doc_id sent_index relation_id relation trigger trigger_offset arg_num arg_head arg_protein arg_domain arg_site arg_sugar arg_head_offset arg_base_np arg_base_np_offset arg_np arg_np_offset sent_text 26022737 8 0 theme samples 1100:1106 arg1 glycoforms 1082:1091 associated glycoforms 1071:1091 associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers 1071:1140 We successfully applied tandem MS to verify the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers. 26022737 8 0 theme samples 1100:1106 arg1 samples 1100:1106 PSA samples 1096:1106 PSA samples acquired from different suppliers 1096:1140 We successfully applied tandem MS to verify the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers. 26022737 8 0 theme samples 1100:1106 arg1 site 1062:1065 N102 glycosylation site 1043:1065 N102 glycosylation site 1043:1065 We successfully applied tandem MS to verify the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers. 26022737 6 1 theme N102MS 831:836 arg1 motif 838:842 an N102MS motif 828:842 an N102MS motif 828:842 Accordingly, a new N-linked glycosylation site is created with an N102MS motif. 26022737 1 2 used used 147:150 arg2 biomarker 168:176 a diagnostic biomarker 155:176 a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer 155:196 Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is currently used as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer. 26022737 1 2 used used 147:150 arg2 PSA 129:131 PSA 129:131 PSA 129:131 Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is currently used as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer. 26022737 1 2 used used 147:150 arg2 antigen 120:126 Prostate specific antigen 102:126 Prostate specific antigen (PSA) 102:132 Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is currently used as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer. 26022737 4 3 theme KLK3 560:563 arg1 genes 565:569 KLK3 genes 560:569 KLK3 genes 560:569 This extra glycosylation site of PSA is associated with a mutation in KLK3 genes. 26022737 5 4 theme families 625:632 arg1 SNPs 611:614 SNPs 611:614 SNPs 611:614 Among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLKs families, the rs61752561 in KLK3 genes is an unusual missense mutation resulting in the conversion of D102 to N in PSA amino acid sequence. 26022737 5 4 theme families 625:632 arg1 polymorphisms 596:608 single nucleotide polymorphisms 578:608 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLKs families 578:632 Among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLKs families, the rs61752561 in KLK3 genes is an unusual missense mutation resulting in the conversion of D102 to N in PSA amino acid sequence. 26022737 11 5 theme relative 1457:1464 arg1 N102 1452:1455 N102 1452:1455 N102 relative to N69 1452:1471 The different glycosylation of N102 relative to N69 might be influenced by the close vicinity of N102 to these functional sites and steric hindrance. 26022737 2 6 gly glycosylation 240:252 arg2 site 254:257 a single glycosylation site 231:257 a single glycosylation site 231:257 It is a glycoprotein possessing a single glycosylation site at N69. 26022737 9 7 theme PSA 1159:1161 arg1 samples 1163:1169 the three PSA samples 1149:1169 the three PSA samples 1149:1169 Among the three PSA samples, HexNAc2Hex5 was the predominant glycoform at N102, while HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc1 or HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc2 was the primary glycoforms at N69. 26022737 9 8 gly glycoform 1204:1212 arg2 N102 1217:1220 N102 1217:1220 N102 1217:1220 Among the three PSA samples, HexNAc2Hex5 was the predominant glycoform at N102, while HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc1 or HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc2 was the primary glycoforms at N69. 26022737 1 9 theme prostate 182:189 arg1 cancer 191:196 prostate cancer 182:196 prostate cancer 182:196 Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is currently used as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer. 26022737 11 10 dep sites 1543:1547 arg1 these 1526:1530 these 1526:1530 these 1526:1530 The different glycosylation of N102 relative to N69 might be influenced by the close vicinity of N102 to these functional sites and steric hindrance. 26022737 2 11 gly glycoprotein 207:218 arg1 It 199:200 It 199:200 It 199:200 It is a glycoprotein possessing a single glycosylation site at N69. 26022737 2 11 gly glycoprotein 207:218 arg1 glycoprotein 207:218 a glycoprotein 205:218 a glycoprotein possessing a single glycosylation site at N69 205:264 It is a glycoprotein possessing a single glycosylation site at N69. 26022737 5 12 theme acid 750:753 arg1 sequence 755:762 PSA amino acid sequence 740:762 PSA amino acid sequence 740:762 Among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLKs families, the rs61752561 in KLK3 genes is an unusual missense mutation resulting in the conversion of D102 to N in PSA amino acid sequence. 26022737 3 13 theme previous 278:285 arg1 study 287:291 our previous study 274:291 our previous study of PSA N69 glycosylation 274:316 During our previous study of PSA N69 glycosylation, additional glycopeptides were observed in the PSA sample that were not previously reported and did not match glycopeptides of impure glycoproteins existing in the sample. 26022737 9 14 theme predominant 1192:1202 arg1 glycoform 1204:1212 the predominant glycoform 1188:1212 the predominant glycoform 1188:1212 Among the three PSA samples, HexNAc2Hex5 was the predominant glycoform at N102, while HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc1 or HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc2 was the primary glycoforms at N69. 26022737 9 14 theme predominant 1192:1202 arg1 HexNAc2Hex5 1172:1182 HexNAc2Hex5 1172:1182 HexNAc2Hex5 1172:1182 Among the three PSA samples, HexNAc2Hex5 was the predominant glycoform at N102, while HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc1 or HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc2 was the primary glycoforms at N69. 26022737 7 15 theme glycosylation 932:944 arg1 site 946:949 PSA N102 glycosylation site 923:949 PSA N102 glycosylation site by LC-MS/MS 923:961 Here we report the first qualitative and quantitative glycoproteomic study of PSA N102 glycosylation site by LC-MS/MS. 26022737 2 16 theme single 233:238 arg1 site 254:257 a single glycosylation site 231:257 a single glycosylation site 231:257 It is a glycoprotein possessing a single glycosylation site at N69. 26022737 7 17 theme PSA 923:925 arg1 site 946:949 PSA N102 glycosylation site 923:949 PSA N102 glycosylation site by LC-MS/MS 923:961 Here we report the first qualitative and quantitative glycoproteomic study of PSA N102 glycosylation site by LC-MS/MS. 26022737 3 18 theme N69 300:302 arg1 glycosylation 304:316 PSA N69 glycosylation 296:316 PSA N69 glycosylation 296:316 During our previous study of PSA N69 glycosylation, additional glycopeptides were observed in the PSA sample that were not previously reported and did not match glycopeptides of impure glycoproteins existing in the sample. 26022737 5 19 from N 735:735 arg1 sequence 755:762 PSA amino acid sequence 740:762 PSA amino acid sequence 740:762 Among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLKs families, the rs61752561 in KLK3 genes is an unusual missense mutation resulting in the conversion of D102 to N in PSA amino acid sequence. 26022737 11 20 theme N102 1452:1455 arg1 glycosylation 1435:1447 The different glycosylation 1421:1447 The different glycosylation of N102 relative to N69 1421:1471 The different glycosylation of N102 relative to N69 might be influenced by the close vicinity of N102 to these functional sites and steric hindrance. 26022737 0 21 theme Missense 68:75 arg1 Mutation 77:84 Missense Mutation 68:84 Missense Mutation using LC-MS/MS 68:99 Characterization of the Glycosylation Site of Human PSA Prompted by Missense Mutation using LC-MS/MS. 26022737 7 22 theme quantitative 886:897 arg1 study 914:918 the first qualitative and quantitative glycoproteomic study 860:918 the first qualitative and quantitative glycoproteomic study of PSA N102 glycosylation site by LC-MS/MS 860:961 Here we report the first qualitative and quantitative glycoproteomic study of PSA N102 glycosylation site by LC-MS/MS. 26022737 5 23 theme missense 678:685 arg1 mutation 687:694 an unusual missense mutation 667:694 an unusual missense mutation resulting in the conversion of D102 to N in PSA amino acid sequence 667:762 Among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLKs families, the rs61752561 in KLK3 genes is an unusual missense mutation resulting in the conversion of D102 to N in PSA amino acid sequence. 26022737 5 23 theme missense 678:685 arg1 rs61752561 639:648 the rs61752561 635:648 the rs61752561 in KLK3 genes 635:662 Among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLKs families, the rs61752561 in KLK3 genes is an unusual missense mutation resulting in the conversion of D102 to N in PSA amino acid sequence. 26022737 7 24 theme qualitative 870:880 arg1 study 914:918 the first qualitative and quantitative glycoproteomic study 860:918 the first qualitative and quantitative glycoproteomic study of PSA N102 glycosylation site by LC-MS/MS 860:961 Here we report the first qualitative and quantitative glycoproteomic study of PSA N102 glycosylation site by LC-MS/MS. 26022737 8 25 theme tandem 988:993 arg1 MS 995:996 tandem MS 988:996 tandem MS 988:996 We successfully applied tandem MS to verify the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers. 26022737 10 26 theme zinc-binding 1382:1393 arg1 site 1395:1398 a zinc-binding site 1380:1398 a zinc-binding site 1380:1398 D102 is the first amino acid of "kallikrein loop", which is close to a zinc-binding site and catalytic triad. 26022737 10 26 theme zinc-binding 1382:1393 arg1 acid 1335:1338 the first amino acid 1319:1338 the first amino acid 1319:1338 D102 is the first amino acid of "kallikrein loop", which is close to a zinc-binding site and catalytic triad. 26022737 10 26 theme zinc-binding 1382:1393 arg1 D102 1311:1314 D102 1311:1314 D102 1311:1314 D102 is the first amino acid of "kallikrein loop", which is close to a zinc-binding site and catalytic triad. 26022737 5 27 theme amino 744:748 arg1 sequence 755:762 PSA amino acid sequence 740:762 PSA amino acid sequence 740:762 Among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLKs families, the rs61752561 in KLK3 genes is an unusual missense mutation resulting in the conversion of D102 to N in PSA amino acid sequence. 26022737 4 28 theme PSA 523:525 arg1 site 515:518 This extra glycosylation site 490:518 This extra glycosylation site of PSA 490:525 This extra glycosylation site of PSA is associated with a mutation in KLK3 genes. 26022737 4 28 theme PSA 523:525 arg1 PSA 523:525 PSA 523:525 PSA 523:525 This extra glycosylation site of PSA is associated with a mutation in KLK3 genes. 26022737 3 29 gly glycoproteins 452:464 arg1 glycoproteins 452:464 impure glycoproteins 445:464 impure glycoproteins existing in the sample 445:487 During our previous study of PSA N69 glycosylation, additional glycopeptides were observed in the PSA sample that were not previously reported and did not match glycopeptides of impure glycoproteins existing in the sample. 26022737 4 30 gly glycosylation 501:513 arg2 PSA 523:525 PSA 523:525 PSA 523:525 This extra glycosylation site of PSA is associated with a mutation in KLK3 genes. 26022737 4 30 gly glycosylation 501:513 arg1 PSA 523:525 PSA 523:525 PSA 523:525 This extra glycosylation site of PSA is associated with a mutation in KLK3 genes. 26022737 4 30 gly glycosylation 501:513 arg2 site 515:518 This extra glycosylation site 490:518 This extra glycosylation site of PSA 490:525 This extra glycosylation site of PSA is associated with a mutation in KLK3 genes. 26022737 3 31 gly glycopeptides 330:342 arg2 glycopeptides 330:342 additional glycopeptides 319:342 additional glycopeptides 319:342 During our previous study of PSA N69 glycosylation, additional glycopeptides were observed in the PSA sample that were not previously reported and did not match glycopeptides of impure glycoproteins existing in the sample. 26022737 1 32 theme Prostate 102:109 arg1 PSA 129:131 PSA 129:131 PSA 129:131 Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is currently used as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer. 26022737 1 32 theme Prostate 102:109 arg1 antigen 120:126 Prostate specific antigen 102:126 Prostate specific antigen (PSA) 102:132 Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is currently used as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer. 26022737 1 32 theme Prostate 102:109 arg1 biomarker 168:176 a diagnostic biomarker 155:176 a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer 155:196 Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is currently used as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer. 26022737 0 33 theme Site 38:41 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of the Glycosylation Site of Human PSA 0:54 Characterization of the Glycosylation Site of Human PSA Prompted by Missense Mutation using LC-MS/MS. 26022737 8 34 theme acid 1018:1021 arg1 sequence 1023:1030 the amino acid sequence 1008:1030 the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers 1008:1140 We successfully applied tandem MS to verify the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers. 26022737 6 35 theme N-linked 784:791 arg1 site 807:810 a new N-linked glycosylation site 778:810 a new N-linked glycosylation site 778:810 Accordingly, a new N-linked glycosylation site is created with an N102MS motif. 26022737 4 36 theme extra 495:499 arg1 site 515:518 This extra glycosylation site 490:518 This extra glycosylation site of PSA 490:525 This extra glycosylation site of PSA is associated with a mutation in KLK3 genes. 26022737 4 36 theme extra 495:499 arg1 PSA 523:525 PSA 523:525 PSA 523:525 This extra glycosylation site of PSA is associated with a mutation in KLK3 genes. 26022737 11 37 theme N102 1518:1521 arg1 vicinity 1506:1513 the close vicinity 1496:1513 the close vicinity of N102 to these functional sites and steric hindrance 1496:1568 The different glycosylation of N102 relative to N69 might be influenced by the close vicinity of N102 to these functional sites and steric hindrance. 26022737 6 38 link N-linked 784:791 arg1 site 807:810 a new N-linked glycosylation site 778:810 a new N-linked glycosylation site 778:810 Accordingly, a new N-linked glycosylation site is created with an N102MS motif. 26022737 0 39 theme Human 46:50 arg1 PSA 52:54 Human PSA 46:54 Human PSA 46:54 Characterization of the Glycosylation Site of Human PSA Prompted by Missense Mutation using LC-MS/MS. 26022737 7 40 gly glycosylation 932:944 arg2 site 946:949 PSA N102 glycosylation site 923:949 PSA N102 glycosylation site by LC-MS/MS 923:961 Here we report the first qualitative and quantitative glycoproteomic study of PSA N102 glycosylation site by LC-MS/MS. 26022737 3 41 theme impure 445:450 arg1 glycoproteins 452:464 impure glycoproteins 445:464 impure glycoproteins existing in the sample 445:487 During our previous study of PSA N69 glycosylation, additional glycopeptides were observed in the PSA sample that were not previously reported and did not match glycopeptides of impure glycoproteins existing in the sample. 26022737 5 42 from rs61752561 639:648 arg1 genes 658:662 KLK3 genes 653:662 KLK3 genes 653:662 Among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLKs families, the rs61752561 in KLK3 genes is an unusual missense mutation resulting in the conversion of D102 to N in PSA amino acid sequence. 26022737 8 43 theme glycosylation 1048:1060 arg1 samples 1100:1106 PSA samples 1096:1106 PSA samples acquired from different suppliers 1096:1140 We successfully applied tandem MS to verify the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers. 26022737 8 43 theme glycosylation 1048:1060 arg1 site 1062:1065 N102 glycosylation site 1043:1065 N102 glycosylation site 1043:1065 We successfully applied tandem MS to verify the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers. 26022737 9 44 from N102 1217:1220 arg1 glycoform 1204:1212 the predominant glycoform 1188:1212 the predominant glycoform 1188:1212 Among the three PSA samples, HexNAc2Hex5 was the predominant glycoform at N102, while HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc1 or HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc2 was the primary glycoforms at N69. 26022737 9 44 from N102 1217:1220 arg1 HexNAc2Hex5 1172:1182 HexNAc2Hex5 1172:1182 HexNAc2Hex5 1172:1182 Among the three PSA samples, HexNAc2Hex5 was the predominant glycoform at N102, while HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc1 or HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc2 was the primary glycoforms at N69. 26022737 2 45 contain possessing 220:229 arg2 site 254:257 a single glycosylation site 231:257 a single glycosylation site 231:257 It is a glycoprotein possessing a single glycosylation site at N69. 26022737 2 45 contain possessing 220:229 arg1 It 199:200 It 199:200 It 199:200 It is a glycoprotein possessing a single glycosylation site at N69. 26022737 2 45 contain possessing 220:229 arg1 glycoprotein 207:218 a glycoprotein 205:218 a glycoprotein possessing a single glycosylation site at N69 205:264 It is a glycoprotein possessing a single glycosylation site at N69. 26022737 11 46 theme steric 1553:1558 arg1 hindrance 1560:1568 steric hindrance 1553:1568 steric hindrance 1553:1568 The different glycosylation of N102 relative to N69 might be influenced by the close vicinity of N102 to these functional sites and steric hindrance. 26022737 5 47 theme KLKs 620:623 arg1 families 625:632 KLKs families 620:632 KLKs families 620:632 Among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLKs families, the rs61752561 in KLK3 genes is an unusual missense mutation resulting in the conversion of D102 to N in PSA amino acid sequence. 26022737 8 48 theme PSA 1096:1098 arg1 samples 1100:1106 PSA samples 1096:1106 PSA samples acquired from different suppliers 1096:1140 We successfully applied tandem MS to verify the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers. 26022737 5 49 theme nucleotide 585:594 arg1 SNPs 611:614 SNPs 611:614 SNPs 611:614 Among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLKs families, the rs61752561 in KLK3 genes is an unusual missense mutation resulting in the conversion of D102 to N in PSA amino acid sequence. 26022737 5 49 theme nucleotide 585:594 arg1 polymorphisms 596:608 single nucleotide polymorphisms 578:608 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLKs families 578:632 Among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLKs families, the rs61752561 in KLK3 genes is an unusual missense mutation resulting in the conversion of D102 to N in PSA amino acid sequence. 26022737 10 50 theme amino 1329:1333 arg1 site 1395:1398 a zinc-binding site 1380:1398 a zinc-binding site 1380:1398 D102 is the first amino acid of "kallikrein loop", which is close to a zinc-binding site and catalytic triad. 26022737 10 50 theme amino 1329:1333 arg1 acid 1335:1338 the first amino acid 1319:1338 the first amino acid 1319:1338 D102 is the first amino acid of "kallikrein loop", which is close to a zinc-binding site and catalytic triad. 26022737 10 50 theme amino 1329:1333 arg1 D102 1311:1314 D102 1311:1314 D102 1311:1314 D102 is the first amino acid of "kallikrein loop", which is close to a zinc-binding site and catalytic triad. 26022737 10 51 theme " 1359:1359 arg1 site 1395:1398 a zinc-binding site 1380:1398 a zinc-binding site 1380:1398 D102 is the first amino acid of "kallikrein loop", which is close to a zinc-binding site and catalytic triad. 26022737 10 51 theme " 1359:1359 arg1 acid 1335:1338 the first amino acid 1319:1338 the first amino acid 1319:1338 D102 is the first amino acid of "kallikrein loop", which is close to a zinc-binding site and catalytic triad. 26022737 10 51 theme " 1359:1359 arg1 D102 1311:1314 D102 1311:1314 D102 1311:1314 D102 is the first amino acid of "kallikrein loop", which is close to a zinc-binding site and catalytic triad. 26022737 1 52 theme diagnostic 157:166 arg1 biomarker 168:176 a diagnostic biomarker 155:176 a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer 155:196 Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is currently used as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer. 26022737 1 52 theme diagnostic 157:166 arg1 antigen 120:126 Prostate specific antigen 102:126 Prostate specific antigen (PSA) 102:132 Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is currently used as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer. 26022737 8 53 theme different 1122:1130 arg1 suppliers 1132:1140 different suppliers 1122:1140 different suppliers 1122:1140 We successfully applied tandem MS to verify the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers. 26022737 10 54 theme loop 1355:1358 arg1 " 1359:1359 "kallikrein loop" 1343:1359 "kallikrein loop" 1343:1359 D102 is the first amino acid of "kallikrein loop", which is close to a zinc-binding site and catalytic triad. 26022737 5 55 theme KLK3 653:656 arg1 genes 658:662 KLK3 genes 653:662 KLK3 genes 653:662 Among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLKs families, the rs61752561 in KLK3 genes is an unusual missense mutation resulting in the conversion of D102 to N in PSA amino acid sequence. 26022737 10 56 theme kallikrein 1344:1353 arg1 " 1359:1359 "kallikrein loop" 1343:1359 "kallikrein loop" 1343:1359 D102 is the first amino acid of "kallikrein loop", which is close to a zinc-binding site and catalytic triad. 26022737 11 57 theme close 1500:1504 arg1 vicinity 1506:1513 the close vicinity 1496:1513 the close vicinity of N102 to these functional sites and steric hindrance 1496:1568 The different glycosylation of N102 relative to N69 might be influenced by the close vicinity of N102 to these functional sites and steric hindrance. 26022737 11 58 gly glycosylation 1435:1447 arg1 N102 1452:1455 N102 1452:1455 N102 relative to N69 1452:1471 The different glycosylation of N102 relative to N69 might be influenced by the close vicinity of N102 to these functional sites and steric hindrance. 26022737 1 59 theme specific 111:118 arg1 PSA 129:131 PSA 129:131 PSA 129:131 Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is currently used as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer. 26022737 1 59 theme specific 111:118 arg1 antigen 120:126 Prostate specific antigen 102:126 Prostate specific antigen (PSA) 102:132 Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is currently used as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer. 26022737 1 59 theme specific 111:118 arg1 biomarker 168:176 a diagnostic biomarker 155:176 a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer 155:196 Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is currently used as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer. 26022737 2 60 theme glycosylation 240:252 arg1 site 254:257 a single glycosylation site 231:257 a single glycosylation site 231:257 It is a glycoprotein possessing a single glycosylation site at N69. 26022737 7 61 theme site 946:949 arg1 study 914:918 the first qualitative and quantitative glycoproteomic study 860:918 the first qualitative and quantitative glycoproteomic study of PSA N102 glycosylation site by LC-MS/MS 860:961 Here we report the first qualitative and quantitative glycoproteomic study of PSA N102 glycosylation site by LC-MS/MS. 26022737 8 62 contain possessing 1032:1041 arg2 site 1062:1065 N102 glycosylation site 1043:1065 N102 glycosylation site 1043:1065 We successfully applied tandem MS to verify the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers. 26022737 8 62 contain possessing 1032:1041 arg2 samples 1100:1106 PSA samples 1096:1106 PSA samples acquired from different suppliers 1096:1140 We successfully applied tandem MS to verify the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers. 26022737 8 62 contain possessing 1032:1041 arg1 sequence 1023:1030 the amino acid sequence 1008:1030 the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers 1008:1140 We successfully applied tandem MS to verify the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers. 26022737 8 62 contain possessing 1032:1041 arg2 glycoforms 1082:1091 associated glycoforms 1071:1091 associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers 1071:1140 We successfully applied tandem MS to verify the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers. 26022737 7 63 theme N102 927:930 arg1 site 946:949 PSA N102 glycosylation site 923:949 PSA N102 glycosylation site by LC-MS/MS 923:961 Here we report the first qualitative and quantitative glycoproteomic study of PSA N102 glycosylation site by LC-MS/MS. 26022737 3 64 theme glycosylation 304:316 arg1 study 287:291 our previous study 274:291 our previous study of PSA N69 glycosylation 274:316 During our previous study of PSA N69 glycosylation, additional glycopeptides were observed in the PSA sample that were not previously reported and did not match glycopeptides of impure glycoproteins existing in the sample. 26022737 3 65 theme PSA 296:298 arg1 glycosylation 304:316 PSA N69 glycosylation 296:316 PSA N69 glycosylation 296:316 During our previous study of PSA N69 glycosylation, additional glycopeptides were observed in the PSA sample that were not previously reported and did not match glycopeptides of impure glycoproteins existing in the sample. 26022737 11 66 theme different 1425:1433 arg1 glycosylation 1435:1447 The different glycosylation 1421:1447 The different glycosylation of N102 relative to N69 1421:1471 The different glycosylation of N102 relative to N69 might be influenced by the close vicinity of N102 to these functional sites and steric hindrance. 26022737 5 67 theme unusual 670:676 arg1 mutation 687:694 an unusual missense mutation 667:694 an unusual missense mutation resulting in the conversion of D102 to N in PSA amino acid sequence 667:762 Among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLKs families, the rs61752561 in KLK3 genes is an unusual missense mutation resulting in the conversion of D102 to N in PSA amino acid sequence. 26022737 5 67 theme unusual 670:676 arg1 rs61752561 639:648 the rs61752561 635:648 the rs61752561 in KLK3 genes 635:662 Among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLKs families, the rs61752561 in KLK3 genes is an unusual missense mutation resulting in the conversion of D102 to N in PSA amino acid sequence. 26022737 7 68 theme glycoproteomic 899:912 arg1 study 914:918 the first qualitative and quantitative glycoproteomic study 860:918 the first qualitative and quantitative glycoproteomic study of PSA N102 glycosylation site by LC-MS/MS 860:961 Here we report the first qualitative and quantitative glycoproteomic study of PSA N102 glycosylation site by LC-MS/MS. 26022737 11 69 theme functional 1532:1541 arg1 sites 1543:1547 functional sites 1532:1547 functional sites 1532:1547 The different glycosylation of N102 relative to N69 might be influenced by the close vicinity of N102 to these functional sites and steric hindrance. 26022737 9 70 gly glycoforms 1292:1301 arg2 N69 1306:1308 N69 1306:1308 N69 1306:1308 Among the three PSA samples, HexNAc2Hex5 was the predominant glycoform at N102, while HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc1 or HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc2 was the primary glycoforms at N69. 26022737 4 71 from mutation 548:555 arg1 genes 565:569 KLK3 genes 560:569 KLK3 genes 560:569 This extra glycosylation site of PSA is associated with a mutation in KLK3 genes. 26022737 9 72 from N69 1306:1308 arg1 HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc1 1229:1249 HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc1 1229:1249 HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc1 1229:1249 Among the three PSA samples, HexNAc2Hex5 was the predominant glycoform at N102, while HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc1 or HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc2 was the primary glycoforms at N69. 26022737 9 72 from N69 1306:1308 arg1 glycoforms 1292:1301 the primary glycoforms 1280:1301 the primary glycoforms at N69 1280:1308 Among the three PSA samples, HexNAc2Hex5 was the predominant glycoform at N102, while HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc1 or HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc2 was the primary glycoforms at N69. 26022737 9 72 from N69 1306:1308 arg1 HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc2 1254:1274 HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc2 1254:1274 HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc2 1254:1274 Among the three PSA samples, HexNAc2Hex5 was the predominant glycoform at N102, while HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc1 or HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc2 was the primary glycoforms at N69. 26022737 5 73 theme single 578:583 arg1 SNPs 611:614 SNPs 611:614 SNPs 611:614 Among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLKs families, the rs61752561 in KLK3 genes is an unusual missense mutation resulting in the conversion of D102 to N in PSA amino acid sequence. 26022737 5 73 theme single 578:583 arg1 polymorphisms 596:608 single nucleotide polymorphisms 578:608 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLKs families 578:632 Among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLKs families, the rs61752561 in KLK3 genes is an unusual missense mutation resulting in the conversion of D102 to N in PSA amino acid sequence. 26022737 3 74 theme additional 319:328 arg1 glycopeptides 330:342 additional glycopeptides 319:342 additional glycopeptides 319:342 During our previous study of PSA N69 glycosylation, additional glycopeptides were observed in the PSA sample that were not previously reported and did not match glycopeptides of impure glycoproteins existing in the sample. 26022737 5 75 theme PSA 740:742 arg1 sequence 755:762 PSA amino acid sequence 740:762 PSA amino acid sequence 740:762 Among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLKs families, the rs61752561 in KLK3 genes is an unusual missense mutation resulting in the conversion of D102 to N in PSA amino acid sequence. 26022737 9 76 theme primary 1284:1290 arg1 HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc1 1229:1249 HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc1 1229:1249 HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc1 1229:1249 Among the three PSA samples, HexNAc2Hex5 was the predominant glycoform at N102, while HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc1 or HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc2 was the primary glycoforms at N69. 26022737 9 76 theme primary 1284:1290 arg1 glycoforms 1292:1301 the primary glycoforms 1280:1301 the primary glycoforms at N69 1280:1308 Among the three PSA samples, HexNAc2Hex5 was the predominant glycoform at N102, while HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc1 or HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc2 was the primary glycoforms at N69. 26022737 9 76 theme primary 1284:1290 arg1 HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc2 1254:1274 HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc2 1254:1274 HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc2 1254:1274 Among the three PSA samples, HexNAc2Hex5 was the predominant glycoform at N102, while HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc1 or HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc2 was the primary glycoforms at N69. 26022737 7 77 theme first 864:868 arg1 study 914:918 the first qualitative and quantitative glycoproteomic study 860:918 the first qualitative and quantitative glycoproteomic study of PSA N102 glycosylation site by LC-MS/MS 860:961 Here we report the first qualitative and quantitative glycoproteomic study of PSA N102 glycosylation site by LC-MS/MS. 26022737 3 78 theme PSA 365:367 arg1 sample 369:374 the PSA sample 361:374 the PSA sample that were not previously reported and did not match glycopeptides of impure glycoproteins existing in the sample 361:487 During our previous study of PSA N69 glycosylation, additional glycopeptides were observed in the PSA sample that were not previously reported and did not match glycopeptides of impure glycoproteins existing in the sample. 26022737 6 79 gly glycosylation 793:805 arg2 site 807:810 a new N-linked glycosylation site 778:810 a new N-linked glycosylation site 778:810 Accordingly, a new N-linked glycosylation site is created with an N102MS motif. 26022737 0 80 theme Glycosylation 24:36 arg1 Site 38:41 the Glycosylation Site 20:41 the Glycosylation Site of Human PSA 20:54 Characterization of the Glycosylation Site of Human PSA Prompted by Missense Mutation using LC-MS/MS. 26022737 0 80 theme Glycosylation 24:36 arg1 PSA 52:54 Human PSA 46:54 Human PSA 46:54 Characterization of the Glycosylation Site of Human PSA Prompted by Missense Mutation using LC-MS/MS. 26022737 8 81 theme amino 1012:1016 arg1 sequence 1023:1030 the amino acid sequence 1008:1030 the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers 1008:1140 We successfully applied tandem MS to verify the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers. 26022737 8 82 gly glycosylation 1048:1060 arg2 site 1062:1065 N102 glycosylation site 1043:1065 N102 glycosylation site 1043:1065 We successfully applied tandem MS to verify the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers. 26022737 8 82 gly glycosylation 1048:1060 arg1 samples 1100:1106 PSA samples 1096:1106 PSA samples acquired from different suppliers 1096:1140 We successfully applied tandem MS to verify the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers. 26022737 8 82 gly glycosylation 1048:1060 arg2 samples 1100:1106 PSA samples 1096:1106 PSA samples acquired from different suppliers 1096:1140 We successfully applied tandem MS to verify the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers. 26022737 5 83 theme D102 727:730 arg1 conversion 713:722 the conversion 709:722 the conversion of D102 to N in PSA amino acid sequence 709:762 Among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLKs families, the rs61752561 in KLK3 genes is an unusual missense mutation resulting in the conversion of D102 to N in PSA amino acid sequence. 26022737 6 84 theme glycosylation 793:805 arg1 site 807:810 a new N-linked glycosylation site 778:810 a new N-linked glycosylation site 778:810 Accordingly, a new N-linked glycosylation site is created with an N102MS motif. 26022737 4 85 theme glycosylation 501:513 arg1 site 515:518 This extra glycosylation site 490:518 This extra glycosylation site of PSA 490:525 This extra glycosylation site of PSA is associated with a mutation in KLK3 genes. 26022737 4 85 theme glycosylation 501:513 arg1 PSA 523:525 PSA 523:525 PSA 523:525 This extra glycosylation site of PSA is associated with a mutation in KLK3 genes. 26022737 10 86 theme catalytic 1404:1412 arg1 triad 1414:1418 catalytic triad 1404:1418 catalytic triad 1404:1418 D102 is the first amino acid of "kallikrein loop", which is close to a zinc-binding site and catalytic triad. 26022737 3 87 gly glycopeptides 428:440 arg2 glycopeptides 428:440 glycopeptides 428:440 glycopeptides of impure glycoproteins existing in the sample 428:487 During our previous study of PSA N69 glycosylation, additional glycopeptides were observed in the PSA sample that were not previously reported and did not match glycopeptides of impure glycoproteins existing in the sample. 26022737 3 87 gly glycopeptides 428:440 arg1 glycoproteins 452:464 impure glycoproteins 445:464 impure glycoproteins existing in the sample 445:487 During our previous study of PSA N69 glycosylation, additional glycopeptides were observed in the PSA sample that were not previously reported and did not match glycopeptides of impure glycoproteins existing in the sample. 26022737 0 88 theme PSA 52:54 arg1 Site 38:41 the Glycosylation Site 20:41 the Glycosylation Site of Human PSA 20:54 Characterization of the Glycosylation Site of Human PSA Prompted by Missense Mutation using LC-MS/MS. 26022737 0 88 theme PSA 52:54 arg1 PSA 52:54 Human PSA 46:54 Human PSA 46:54 Characterization of the Glycosylation Site of Human PSA Prompted by Missense Mutation using LC-MS/MS. 26022737 8 89 theme N102 1043:1046 arg1 samples 1100:1106 PSA samples 1096:1106 PSA samples acquired from different suppliers 1096:1140 We successfully applied tandem MS to verify the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers. 26022737 8 89 theme N102 1043:1046 arg1 site 1062:1065 N102 glycosylation site 1043:1065 N102 glycosylation site 1043:1065 We successfully applied tandem MS to verify the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers. 26022737 6 90 theme new 780:782 arg1 site 807:810 a new N-linked glycosylation site 778:810 a new N-linked glycosylation site 778:810 Accordingly, a new N-linked glycosylation site is created with an N102MS motif. 26022737 8 91 gly glycoforms 1082:1091 arg1 samples 1100:1106 PSA samples 1096:1106 PSA samples acquired from different suppliers 1096:1140 We successfully applied tandem MS to verify the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers. 26022737 10 92 theme first 1323:1327 arg1 site 1395:1398 a zinc-binding site 1380:1398 a zinc-binding site 1380:1398 D102 is the first amino acid of "kallikrein loop", which is close to a zinc-binding site and catalytic triad. 26022737 10 92 theme first 1323:1327 arg1 acid 1335:1338 the first amino acid 1319:1338 the first amino acid 1319:1338 D102 is the first amino acid of "kallikrein loop", which is close to a zinc-binding site and catalytic triad. 26022737 10 92 theme first 1323:1327 arg1 D102 1311:1314 D102 1311:1314 D102 1311:1314 D102 is the first amino acid of "kallikrein loop", which is close to a zinc-binding site and catalytic triad. 26022737 3 93 theme glycoproteins 452:464 arg1 glycopeptides 428:440 glycopeptides 428:440 glycopeptides of impure glycoproteins existing in the sample 428:487 During our previous study of PSA N69 glycosylation, additional glycopeptides were observed in the PSA sample that were not previously reported and did not match glycopeptides of impure glycoproteins existing in the sample. 26022737 8 94 theme associated 1071:1080 arg1 glycoforms 1082:1091 associated glycoforms 1071:1091 associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers 1071:1140 We successfully applied tandem MS to verify the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers. 26022737 3 95 located observed 349:356 arg2 glycopeptides 330:342 additional glycopeptides 319:342 additional glycopeptides 319:342 During our previous study of PSA N69 glycosylation, additional glycopeptides were observed in the PSA sample that were not previously reported and did not match glycopeptides of impure glycoproteins existing in the sample. 26022737 3 95 located observed 349:356 arg1 sample 369:374 the PSA sample 361:374 the PSA sample that were not previously reported and did not match glycopeptides of impure glycoproteins existing in the sample 361:487 During our previous study of PSA N69 glycosylation, additional glycopeptides were observed in the PSA sample that were not previously reported and did not match glycopeptides of impure glycoproteins existing in the sample. 27234710 5 0 theme N-glycosylation 867:881 arg1 sites 883:887 202 unique N-glycosylation sites 856:887 202 unique N-glycosylation sites 856:887 Besides, 202 unique N-glycosylation sites were identified in low molecular weight endogenous glycopeptides, which belong to 90 glycoproteins. 27234710 6 1 theme heterogeneity 1050:1062 arg1 characterization 1010:1025 Global site-specific characterization 989:1025 Global site-specific characterization of the N-linked glycan heterogeneity 989:1062 Global site-specific characterization of the N-linked glycan heterogeneity was achieved by intact glycopeptide analysis, revealing 303 unique glycopeptides most of them displaying complex/hybrid glycans composed by sialic acid and fucose. 27234710 5 2 gly glycoproteins 974:986 arg1 glycoproteins 974:986 90 glycoproteins 971:986 90 glycoproteins 971:986 Besides, 202 unique N-glycosylation sites were identified in low molecular weight endogenous glycopeptides, which belong to 90 glycoproteins. 27234710 4 3 gly N-glycosylation 789:803 arg2 sites 805:809 472 unique N-glycosylation sites 778:809 472 unique N-glycosylation sites covering 256 urinary glycoproteins 778:844 This study describes the high confident identification of 472 unique N-glycosylation sites covering 256 urinary glycoproteins. 27234710 4 3 gly N-glycosylation 789:803 arg2 472 778:780 472 778:780 472 778:780 This study describes the high confident identification of 472 unique N-glycosylation sites covering 256 urinary glycoproteins. 27234710 1 4 theme various 196:202 arg1 adhesion 237:244 cell adhesion 232:244 cell adhesion 232:244 Glycosylation is a very important post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, signal transduction and immune response. 27234710 1 4 theme various 196:202 arg1 processes 213:221 various cellular processes 196:221 various cellular processes 196:221 Glycosylation is a very important post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, signal transduction and immune response. 27234710 1 4 theme various 196:202 arg1 response 278:285 immune response 271:285 immune response 271:285 Glycosylation is a very important post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, signal transduction and immune response. 27234710 1 4 theme various 196:202 arg1 transduction 254:265 signal transduction 247:265 signal transduction 247:265 Glycosylation is a very important post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, signal transduction and immune response. 27234710 0 5 theme endogenous 92:101 arg1 glycopeptides 103:115 endogenous glycopeptides 92:115 endogenous glycopeptides 92:115 Site-specific characterization of N-linked glycosylation in human urinary glycoproteins and endogenous glycopeptides. 27234710 0 6 from characterization 14:29 arg1 glycoproteins 74:86 human urinary glycoproteins 60:86 human urinary glycoproteins 60:86 Site-specific characterization of N-linked glycosylation in human urinary glycoproteins and endogenous glycopeptides. 27234710 0 6 from characterization 14:29 arg1 glycopeptides 103:115 endogenous glycopeptides 92:115 endogenous glycopeptides 92:115 Site-specific characterization of N-linked glycosylation in human urinary glycoproteins and endogenous glycopeptides. 27234710 7 7 theme glycoproteins 1277:1289 arg1 resource 1265:1272 a valuable resource 1254:1272 a valuable resource of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites found in healthy human urine that can be further explored in different disorders, in which the N-linked glycosylation may be aberrant 1254:1449 These datasets consist in a valuable resource of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites found in healthy human urine that can be further explored in different disorders, in which the N-linked glycosylation may be aberrant. 27234710 0 8 link N-linked 34:41 arg1 glycosylation 43:55 N-linked glycosylation 34:55 N-linked glycosylation 34:55 Site-specific characterization of N-linked glycosylation in human urinary glycoproteins and endogenous glycopeptides. 27234710 1 9 theme cellular 204:211 arg1 adhesion 237:244 cell adhesion 232:244 cell adhesion 232:244 Glycosylation is a very important post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, signal transduction and immune response. 27234710 1 9 theme cellular 204:211 arg1 processes 213:221 various cellular processes 196:221 various cellular processes 196:221 Glycosylation is a very important post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, signal transduction and immune response. 27234710 1 9 theme cellular 204:211 arg1 response 278:285 immune response 271:285 immune response 271:285 Glycosylation is a very important post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, signal transduction and immune response. 27234710 1 9 theme cellular 204:211 arg1 transduction 254:265 signal transduction 247:265 signal transduction 247:265 Glycosylation is a very important post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, signal transduction and immune response. 27234710 4 10 gly glycoproteins 832:844 arg1 glycoproteins 832:844 256 urinary glycoproteins 820:844 256 urinary glycoproteins 820:844 This study describes the high confident identification of 472 unique N-glycosylation sites covering 256 urinary glycoproteins. 27234710 6 11 theme N-linked 1034:1041 arg1 heterogeneity 1050:1062 the N-linked glycan heterogeneity 1030:1062 the N-linked glycan heterogeneity 1030:1062 Global site-specific characterization of the N-linked glycan heterogeneity was achieved by intact glycopeptide analysis, revealing 303 unique glycopeptides most of them displaying complex/hybrid glycans composed by sialic acid and fucose. 27234710 7 12 theme valuable 1256:1263 arg1 resource 1265:1272 a valuable resource 1254:1272 a valuable resource of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites found in healthy human urine that can be further explored in different disorders, in which the N-linked glycosylation may be aberrant 1254:1449 These datasets consist in a valuable resource of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites found in healthy human urine that can be further explored in different disorders, in which the N-linked glycosylation may be aberrant. 27234710 6 13 gly glycopeptide 1087:1098 arg2 glycopeptide 1087:1098 intact glycopeptide analysis 1080:1107 intact glycopeptide analysis 1080:1107 Global site-specific characterization of the N-linked glycan heterogeneity was achieved by intact glycopeptide analysis, revealing 303 unique glycopeptides most of them displaying complex/hybrid glycans composed by sialic acid and fucose. 27234710 0 14 gly glycoproteins 74:86 arg1 glycoproteins 74:86 human urinary glycoproteins 60:86 human urinary glycoproteins 60:86 Site-specific characterization of N-linked glycosylation in human urinary glycoproteins and endogenous glycopeptides. 27234710 4 15 theme high 745:748 arg1 identification 760:773 the high confident identification 741:773 the high confident identification of 472 unique N-glycosylation sites covering 256 urinary glycoproteins 741:844 This study describes the high confident identification of 472 unique N-glycosylation sites covering 256 urinary glycoproteins. 27234710 2 16 gly glycoproteins 314:326 arg1 glycoproteins 314:326 glycoproteins 314:326 glycoproteins 314:326 Urine is a rich source of glycoproteins and attractive biological fluid for biomarker discovery, owing to its availability, ease of collection, and correlation with pathophysiology of diseases. 27234710 4 17 theme N-glycosylation 789:803 arg1 sites 805:809 472 unique N-glycosylation sites 778:809 472 unique N-glycosylation sites covering 256 urinary glycoproteins 778:844 This study describes the high confident identification of 472 unique N-glycosylation sites covering 256 urinary glycoproteins. 27234710 6 18 theme unique 1124:1129 arg1 glycopeptides 1131:1143 303 unique glycopeptides 1120:1143 303 unique glycopeptides 1120:1143 Global site-specific characterization of the N-linked glycan heterogeneity was achieved by intact glycopeptide analysis, revealing 303 unique glycopeptides most of them displaying complex/hybrid glycans composed by sialic acid and fucose. 27234710 6 19 theme sialic 1204:1209 arg1 acid 1211:1214 sialic acid 1204:1214 sialic acid 1204:1214 Global site-specific characterization of the N-linked glycan heterogeneity was achieved by intact glycopeptide analysis, revealing 303 unique glycopeptides most of them displaying complex/hybrid glycans composed by sialic acid and fucose. 27234710 5 20 gly N-glycosylation 867:881 arg2 sites 883:887 202 unique N-glycosylation sites 856:887 202 unique N-glycosylation sites 856:887 Besides, 202 unique N-glycosylation sites were identified in low molecular weight endogenous glycopeptides, which belong to 90 glycoproteins. 27234710 5 20 gly N-glycosylation 867:881 arg2 202 856:858 202 856:858 202 856:858 Besides, 202 unique N-glycosylation sites were identified in low molecular weight endogenous glycopeptides, which belong to 90 glycoproteins. 27234710 2 21 theme collection 420:429 arg1 discovery 374:382 biomarker discovery 364:382 biomarker discovery 364:382 Urine is a rich source of glycoproteins and attractive biological fluid for biomarker discovery, owing to its availability, ease of collection, and correlation with pathophysiology of diseases. 27234710 2 21 theme collection 420:429 arg1 correlation 436:446 correlation 436:446 correlation with pathophysiology of diseases 436:479 Urine is a rich source of glycoproteins and attractive biological fluid for biomarker discovery, owing to its availability, ease of collection, and correlation with pathophysiology of diseases. 27234710 2 21 theme collection 420:429 arg1 ease 412:415 ease 412:415 ease of collection 412:429 Urine is a rich source of glycoproteins and attractive biological fluid for biomarker discovery, owing to its availability, ease of collection, and correlation with pathophysiology of diseases. 27234710 5 22 theme low 908:910 arg1 weight 922:927 low molecular weight 908:927 low molecular weight endogenous glycopeptides 908:952 Besides, 202 unique N-glycosylation sites were identified in low molecular weight endogenous glycopeptides, which belong to 90 glycoproteins. 27234710 0 23 gly glycopeptides 103:115 arg2 glycopeptides 103:115 endogenous glycopeptides 92:115 endogenous glycopeptides 92:115 Site-specific characterization of N-linked glycosylation in human urinary glycoproteins and endogenous glycopeptides. 27234710 6 24 link N-linked 1034:1041 arg1 heterogeneity 1050:1062 the N-linked glycan heterogeneity 1030:1062 the N-linked glycan heterogeneity 1030:1062 Global site-specific characterization of the N-linked glycan heterogeneity was achieved by intact glycopeptide analysis, revealing 303 unique glycopeptides most of them displaying complex/hybrid glycans composed by sialic acid and fucose. 27234710 5 25 theme molecular 912:920 arg1 weight 922:927 low molecular weight 908:927 low molecular weight endogenous glycopeptides 908:952 Besides, 202 unique N-glycosylation sites were identified in low molecular weight endogenous glycopeptides, which belong to 90 glycoproteins. 27234710 2 26 with correlation 436:446 arg1 pathophysiology 453:467 pathophysiology 453:467 pathophysiology of diseases 453:479 Urine is a rich source of glycoproteins and attractive biological fluid for biomarker discovery, owing to its availability, ease of collection, and correlation with pathophysiology of diseases. 27234710 2 27 theme fluid 354:358 arg1 Urine 288:292 Urine 288:292 Urine 288:292 Urine is a rich source of glycoproteins and attractive biological fluid for biomarker discovery, owing to its availability, ease of collection, and correlation with pathophysiology of diseases. 27234710 2 27 theme fluid 354:358 arg1 source 304:309 a rich source 297:309 a rich source of glycoproteins and attractive biological fluid for biomarker discovery, owing to its availability, ease of collection, and correlation with pathophysiology of diseases 297:479 Urine is a rich source of glycoproteins and attractive biological fluid for biomarker discovery, owing to its availability, ease of collection, and correlation with pathophysiology of diseases. 27234710 7 28 theme human 1334:1338 arg1 urine 1340:1344 healthy human urine 1326:1344 healthy human urine 1326:1344 These datasets consist in a valuable resource of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites found in healthy human urine that can be further explored in different disorders, in which the N-linked glycosylation may be aberrant. 27234710 0 29 theme Site-specific 0:12 arg1 characterization 14:29 Site-specific characterization 0:29 Site-specific characterization of N-linked glycosylation in human urinary glycoproteins and endogenous glycopeptides. 0:116 Site-specific characterization of N-linked glycosylation in human urinary glycoproteins and endogenous glycopeptides. 27234710 2 30 theme biological 343:352 arg1 fluid 354:358 attractive biological fluid 332:358 attractive biological fluid 332:358 Urine is a rich source of glycoproteins and attractive biological fluid for biomarker discovery, owing to its availability, ease of collection, and correlation with pathophysiology of diseases. 27234710 4 31 theme confident 750:758 arg1 identification 760:773 the high confident identification 741:773 the high confident identification of 472 unique N-glycosylation sites covering 256 urinary glycoproteins 741:844 This study describes the high confident identification of 472 unique N-glycosylation sites covering 256 urinary glycoproteins. 27234710 0 32 theme N-linked 34:41 arg1 glycosylation 43:55 N-linked glycosylation 34:55 N-linked glycosylation 34:55 Site-specific characterization of N-linked glycosylation in human urinary glycoproteins and endogenous glycopeptides. 27234710 5 33 theme weight 922:927 arg1 glycopeptides 940:952 low molecular weight endogenous glycopeptides 908:952 low molecular weight endogenous glycopeptides 908:952 Besides, 202 unique N-glycosylation sites were identified in low molecular weight endogenous glycopeptides, which belong to 90 glycoproteins. 27234710 7 34 gly glycoproteins 1277:1289 arg1 glycoproteins 1277:1289 glycoproteins 1277:1289 glycoproteins 1277:1289 These datasets consist in a valuable resource of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites found in healthy human urine that can be further explored in different disorders, in which the N-linked glycosylation may be aberrant. 27234710 2 35 theme attractive 332:341 arg1 fluid 354:358 attractive biological fluid 332:358 attractive biological fluid 332:358 Urine is a rich source of glycoproteins and attractive biological fluid for biomarker discovery, owing to its availability, ease of collection, and correlation with pathophysiology of diseases. 27234710 7 36 located found 1317:1321 arg2 glycoproteins 1277:1289 glycoproteins 1277:1289 glycoproteins 1277:1289 These datasets consist in a valuable resource of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites found in healthy human urine that can be further explored in different disorders, in which the N-linked glycosylation may be aberrant. 27234710 7 36 located found 1317:1321 arg1 urine 1340:1344 healthy human urine 1326:1344 healthy human urine 1326:1344 These datasets consist in a valuable resource of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites found in healthy human urine that can be further explored in different disorders, in which the N-linked glycosylation may be aberrant. 27234710 1 37 theme cell 232:235 arg1 adhesion 237:244 cell adhesion 232:244 cell adhesion 232:244 Glycosylation is a very important post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, signal transduction and immune response. 27234710 7 38 theme healthy 1326:1332 arg1 urine 1340:1344 healthy human urine 1326:1344 healthy human urine 1326:1344 These datasets consist in a valuable resource of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites found in healthy human urine that can be further explored in different disorders, in which the N-linked glycosylation may be aberrant. 27234710 2 39 theme diseases 472:479 arg1 pathophysiology 453:467 pathophysiology 453:467 pathophysiology of diseases 453:479 Urine is a rich source of glycoproteins and attractive biological fluid for biomarker discovery, owing to its availability, ease of collection, and correlation with pathophysiology of diseases. 27234710 6 40 theme Global 989:994 arg1 characterization 1010:1025 Global site-specific characterization 989:1025 Global site-specific characterization of the N-linked glycan heterogeneity 989:1062 Global site-specific characterization of the N-linked glycan heterogeneity was achieved by intact glycopeptide analysis, revealing 303 unique glycopeptides most of them displaying complex/hybrid glycans composed by sialic acid and fucose. 27234710 4 41 theme unique 782:787 arg1 sites 805:809 472 unique N-glycosylation sites 778:809 472 unique N-glycosylation sites covering 256 urinary glycoproteins 778:844 This study describes the high confident identification of 472 unique N-glycosylation sites covering 256 urinary glycoproteins. 27234710 5 42 theme endogenous 929:938 arg1 glycopeptides 940:952 low molecular weight endogenous glycopeptides 908:952 low molecular weight endogenous glycopeptides 908:952 Besides, 202 unique N-glycosylation sites were identified in low molecular weight endogenous glycopeptides, which belong to 90 glycoproteins. 27234710 7 43 theme sites 1311:1315 arg1 resource 1265:1272 a valuable resource 1254:1272 a valuable resource of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites found in healthy human urine that can be further explored in different disorders, in which the N-linked glycosylation may be aberrant 1254:1449 These datasets consist in a valuable resource of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites found in healthy human urine that can be further explored in different disorders, in which the N-linked glycosylation may be aberrant. 27234710 4 44 theme sites 805:809 arg1 identification 760:773 the high confident identification 741:773 the high confident identification of 472 unique N-glycosylation sites covering 256 urinary glycoproteins 741:844 This study describes the high confident identification of 472 unique N-glycosylation sites covering 256 urinary glycoproteins. 27234710 0 45 theme glycosylation 43:55 arg1 characterization 14:29 Site-specific characterization 0:29 Site-specific characterization of N-linked glycosylation in human urinary glycoproteins and endogenous glycopeptides. 0:116 Site-specific characterization of N-linked glycosylation in human urinary glycoproteins and endogenous glycopeptides. 27234710 6 46 theme glycopeptide 1087:1098 arg1 analysis 1100:1107 intact glycopeptide analysis 1080:1107 intact glycopeptide analysis 1080:1107 Global site-specific characterization of the N-linked glycan heterogeneity was achieved by intact glycopeptide analysis, revealing 303 unique glycopeptides most of them displaying complex/hybrid glycans composed by sialic acid and fucose. 27234710 3 47 theme bioinformatics 669:682 arg1 methods 684:690 analytical and bioinformatics methods 654:690 methods 684:690 Although the urinary proteomics have been explored previously, the urinary glycoproteome characterization remains challenging requiring the development and optimization of analytical and bioinformatics methods for protein glycoprofiling. 27234710 7 48 from aberrant 1442:1449 arg1 disorders 1388:1396 different disorders 1378:1396 different disorders 1378:1396 These datasets consist in a valuable resource of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites found in healthy human urine that can be further explored in different disorders, in which the N-linked glycosylation may be aberrant. 27234710 1 49 theme signal 247:252 arg1 transduction 254:265 signal transduction 247:265 signal transduction 247:265 Glycosylation is a very important post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, signal transduction and immune response. 27234710 0 50 theme urinary 66:72 arg1 glycoproteins 74:86 human urinary glycoproteins 60:86 human urinary glycoproteins 60:86 Site-specific characterization of N-linked glycosylation in human urinary glycoproteins and endogenous glycopeptides. 27234710 6 51 theme intact 1080:1085 arg1 analysis 1100:1107 intact glycopeptide analysis 1080:1107 intact glycopeptide analysis 1080:1107 Global site-specific characterization of the N-linked glycan heterogeneity was achieved by intact glycopeptide analysis, revealing 303 unique glycopeptides most of them displaying complex/hybrid glycans composed by sialic acid and fucose. 27234710 7 52 link N-linked 1412:1419 arg1 glycosylation 1421:1433 the N-linked glycosylation 1408:1433 the N-linked glycosylation 1408:1433 These datasets consist in a valuable resource of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites found in healthy human urine that can be further explored in different disorders, in which the N-linked glycosylation may be aberrant. 27234710 7 52 link N-linked 1412:1419 arg1 aberrant 1442:1449 aberrant 1442:1449 aberrant 1442:1449 These datasets consist in a valuable resource of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites found in healthy human urine that can be further explored in different disorders, in which the N-linked glycosylation may be aberrant. 27234710 2 53 with discovery 374:382 arg1 pathophysiology 453:467 pathophysiology 453:467 pathophysiology of diseases 453:479 Urine is a rich source of glycoproteins and attractive biological fluid for biomarker discovery, owing to its availability, ease of collection, and correlation with pathophysiology of diseases. 27234710 5 54 gly glycopeptides 940:952 arg2 glycopeptides 940:952 low molecular weight endogenous glycopeptides 908:952 low molecular weight endogenous glycopeptides 908:952 Besides, 202 unique N-glycosylation sites were identified in low molecular weight endogenous glycopeptides, which belong to 90 glycoproteins. 27234710 0 55 theme human 60:64 arg1 glycoproteins 74:86 human urinary glycoproteins 60:86 human urinary glycoproteins 60:86 Site-specific characterization of N-linked glycosylation in human urinary glycoproteins and endogenous glycopeptides. 27234710 7 56 theme N-linked 1412:1419 arg1 glycosylation 1421:1433 the N-linked glycosylation 1408:1433 the N-linked glycosylation 1408:1433 These datasets consist in a valuable resource of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites found in healthy human urine that can be further explored in different disorders, in which the N-linked glycosylation may be aberrant. 27234710 7 56 theme N-linked 1412:1419 arg1 aberrant 1442:1449 aberrant 1442:1449 aberrant 1442:1449 These datasets consist in a valuable resource of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites found in healthy human urine that can be further explored in different disorders, in which the N-linked glycosylation may be aberrant. 27234710 6 57 theme glycan 1043:1048 arg1 heterogeneity 1050:1062 the N-linked glycan heterogeneity 1030:1062 the N-linked glycan heterogeneity 1030:1062 Global site-specific characterization of the N-linked glycan heterogeneity was achieved by intact glycopeptide analysis, revealing 303 unique glycopeptides most of them displaying complex/hybrid glycans composed by sialic acid and fucose. 27234710 3 58 theme analytical 654:663 arg1 methods 684:690 analytical and bioinformatics methods 654:690 methods 684:690 Although the urinary proteomics have been explored previously, the urinary glycoproteome characterization remains challenging requiring the development and optimization of analytical and bioinformatics methods for protein glycoprofiling. 27234710 1 59 theme important 142:150 arg1 Glycosylation 118:130 Glycosylation 118:130 Glycosylation 118:130 Glycosylation is a very important post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, signal transduction and immune response. 27234710 1 59 theme important 142:150 arg1 modification 171:182 a very important post-translational modification 135:182 a very important post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, signal transduction and immune response 135:285 Glycosylation is a very important post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, signal transduction and immune response. 27234710 4 60 theme urinary 824:830 arg1 glycoproteins 832:844 256 urinary glycoproteins 820:844 256 urinary glycoproteins 820:844 This study describes the high confident identification of 472 unique N-glycosylation sites covering 256 urinary glycoproteins. 27234710 6 61 theme complex/hybrid 1169:1182 arg1 glycans 1184:1190 complex/hybrid glycans 1169:1190 complex/hybrid glycans composed by sialic acid and fucose 1169:1225 Global site-specific characterization of the N-linked glycan heterogeneity was achieved by intact glycopeptide analysis, revealing 303 unique glycopeptides most of them displaying complex/hybrid glycans composed by sialic acid and fucose. 27234710 7 62 theme N-glycosylation 1295:1309 arg1 sites 1311:1315 N-glycosylation sites 1295:1315 N-glycosylation sites 1295:1315 These datasets consist in a valuable resource of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites found in healthy human urine that can be further explored in different disorders, in which the N-linked glycosylation may be aberrant. 27234710 6 63 theme site-specific 996:1008 arg1 characterization 1010:1025 Global site-specific characterization 989:1025 Global site-specific characterization of the N-linked glycan heterogeneity 989:1062 Global site-specific characterization of the N-linked glycan heterogeneity was achieved by intact glycopeptide analysis, revealing 303 unique glycopeptides most of them displaying complex/hybrid glycans composed by sialic acid and fucose. 27234710 3 64 theme protein 696:702 arg1 glycoprofiling 704:717 protein glycoprofiling 696:717 protein glycoprofiling 696:717 Although the urinary proteomics have been explored previously, the urinary glycoproteome characterization remains challenging requiring the development and optimization of analytical and bioinformatics methods for protein glycoprofiling. 27234710 6 65 gly glycopeptides 1131:1143 arg2 glycopeptides 1131:1143 303 unique glycopeptides 1120:1143 303 unique glycopeptides 1120:1143 Global site-specific characterization of the N-linked glycan heterogeneity was achieved by intact glycopeptide analysis, revealing 303 unique glycopeptides most of them displaying complex/hybrid glycans composed by sialic acid and fucose. 27234710 1 66 theme post-translational 152:169 arg1 Glycosylation 118:130 Glycosylation 118:130 Glycosylation 118:130 Glycosylation is a very important post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, signal transduction and immune response. 27234710 1 66 theme post-translational 152:169 arg1 modification 171:182 a very important post-translational modification 135:182 a very important post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, signal transduction and immune response 135:285 Glycosylation is a very important post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, signal transduction and immune response. 27234710 2 67 theme rich 299:302 arg1 Urine 288:292 Urine 288:292 Urine 288:292 Urine is a rich source of glycoproteins and attractive biological fluid for biomarker discovery, owing to its availability, ease of collection, and correlation with pathophysiology of diseases. 27234710 2 67 theme rich 299:302 arg1 source 304:309 a rich source 297:309 a rich source of glycoproteins and attractive biological fluid for biomarker discovery, owing to its availability, ease of collection, and correlation with pathophysiology of diseases 297:479 Urine is a rich source of glycoproteins and attractive biological fluid for biomarker discovery, owing to its availability, ease of collection, and correlation with pathophysiology of diseases. 27234710 2 68 theme glycoproteins 314:326 arg1 Urine 288:292 Urine 288:292 Urine 288:292 Urine is a rich source of glycoproteins and attractive biological fluid for biomarker discovery, owing to its availability, ease of collection, and correlation with pathophysiology of diseases. 27234710 2 68 theme glycoproteins 314:326 arg1 source 304:309 a rich source 297:309 a rich source of glycoproteins and attractive biological fluid for biomarker discovery, owing to its availability, ease of collection, and correlation with pathophysiology of diseases 297:479 Urine is a rich source of glycoproteins and attractive biological fluid for biomarker discovery, owing to its availability, ease of collection, and correlation with pathophysiology of diseases. 27234710 3 69 dep development 622:632 arg1 the 618:620 the 618:620 the 618:620 Although the urinary proteomics have been explored previously, the urinary glycoproteome characterization remains challenging requiring the development and optimization of analytical and bioinformatics methods for protein glycoprofiling. 27234710 2 70 theme biomarker 364:372 arg1 discovery 374:382 biomarker discovery 364:382 biomarker discovery 364:382 Urine is a rich source of glycoproteins and attractive biological fluid for biomarker discovery, owing to its availability, ease of collection, and correlation with pathophysiology of diseases. 27234710 7 71 theme different 1378:1386 arg1 disorders 1388:1396 different disorders 1378:1396 different disorders 1378:1396 These datasets consist in a valuable resource of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites found in healthy human urine that can be further explored in different disorders, in which the N-linked glycosylation may be aberrant. 27234710 7 72 from disorders 1388:1396 arg1 glycosylation 1421:1433 the N-linked glycosylation 1408:1433 the N-linked glycosylation 1408:1433 These datasets consist in a valuable resource of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites found in healthy human urine that can be further explored in different disorders, in which the N-linked glycosylation may be aberrant. 27234710 7 72 from disorders 1388:1396 arg1 aberrant 1442:1449 aberrant 1442:1449 aberrant 1442:1449 These datasets consist in a valuable resource of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites found in healthy human urine that can be further explored in different disorders, in which the N-linked glycosylation may be aberrant. 27234710 3 73 theme methods 684:690 arg1 development 622:632 development 622:632 development 622:632 Although the urinary proteomics have been explored previously, the urinary glycoproteome characterization remains challenging requiring the development and optimization of analytical and bioinformatics methods for protein glycoprofiling. 27234710 3 73 theme methods 684:690 arg1 optimization 638:649 optimization 638:649 optimization 638:649 Although the urinary proteomics have been explored previously, the urinary glycoproteome characterization remains challenging requiring the development and optimization of analytical and bioinformatics methods for protein glycoprofiling. 27234710 3 74 theme urinary 495:501 arg1 proteomics 503:512 the urinary proteomics 491:512 the urinary proteomics 491:512 Although the urinary proteomics have been explored previously, the urinary glycoproteome characterization remains challenging requiring the development and optimization of analytical and bioinformatics methods for protein glycoprofiling. 27234710 3 75 theme urinary 549:555 arg1 characterization 571:586 the urinary glycoproteome characterization 545:586 the urinary glycoproteome characterization 545:586 Although the urinary proteomics have been explored previously, the urinary glycoproteome characterization remains challenging requiring the development and optimization of analytical and bioinformatics methods for protein glycoprofiling. 27234710 1 76 theme immune 271:276 arg1 response 278:285 immune response 271:285 immune response 271:285 Glycosylation is a very important post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, signal transduction and immune response. 27234710 5 77 theme unique 860:865 arg1 sites 883:887 202 unique N-glycosylation sites 856:887 202 unique N-glycosylation sites 856:887 Besides, 202 unique N-glycosylation sites were identified in low molecular weight endogenous glycopeptides, which belong to 90 glycoproteins. 27234710 2 78 with ease 412:415 arg1 pathophysiology 453:467 pathophysiology 453:467 pathophysiology of diseases 453:479 Urine is a rich source of glycoproteins and attractive biological fluid for biomarker discovery, owing to its availability, ease of collection, and correlation with pathophysiology of diseases. 27234710 7 79 gly N-glycosylation 1295:1309 arg2 sites 1311:1315 N-glycosylation sites 1295:1315 N-glycosylation sites 1295:1315 These datasets consist in a valuable resource of glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites found in healthy human urine that can be further explored in different disorders, in which the N-linked glycosylation may be aberrant. 27234710 3 80 theme glycoproteome 557:569 arg1 characterization 571:586 the urinary glycoproteome characterization 545:586 the urinary glycoproteome characterization 545:586 Although the urinary proteomics have been explored previously, the urinary glycoproteome characterization remains challenging requiring the development and optimization of analytical and bioinformatics methods for protein glycoprofiling. 25293322 3 0 theme MOPR 882:885 arg1 band 887:890 the MOPR band 878:890 the MOPR band 878:890 In particular, using brain tissues from MOPR knockout (K/O) mice as the negative controls allowed unambiguous identification of the MOPR band, since the anti-MOPR antibody, even after affinity purification, recognizes nonspecific protein bands. 25293322 9 1 from Mr 1800:1801 arg1 brains 1830:1835 A112G mouse brains 1818:1835 A112G mouse brains 1818:1835 We demonstrated that the Mr of the MOPR in A112G mouse brains was lower than that in wild-type mouse brains, and that the difference was due to lower degrees of N-linked glycosylation. 25293322 0 2 theme polyclonal 136:145 arg1 antibody 157:164 an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody 115:164 an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody 115:164 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 0 2 theme polyclonal 136:145 arg1 anti-μC 106:112 anti-μC 106:112 anti-μC 106:112 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 4 3 with band 1048:1051 arg1 range 1068:1072 a wide Mr range 1058:1072 a wide Mr range of 58-84 kDa 1058:1085 The MOPR was resolved as a faint, broad, and diffuse band with a wide Mr range of 58-84 kDa depending on brain regions and species. 25293322 2 4 theme anti-MOPR 515:523 arg1 antibody 525:532 a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody 495:532 a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody 495:532 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 4 theme anti-MOPR 515:523 arg1 anti-μC 486:492 anti-μC 486:492 anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody) 486:533 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 7 5 theme SNP 1615:1617 arg1 substitution 1584:1595 the equivalent substitution 1569:1595 the equivalent substitution of the A118G/N40D SNP in the human MOPR gene 1569:1640 Furthermore, we characterized the MOPR in an A112G/N38D-MOPR knockin mouse model that possesses the equivalent substitution of the A118G/N40D SNP in the human MOPR gene. 25293322 7 6 from MOPR 1507:1510 arg1 model 1548:1552 an A112G/N38D-MOPR knockin mouse model 1515:1552 an A112G/N38D-MOPR knockin mouse model that possesses the equivalent substitution of the A118G/N40D SNP in the human MOPR gene 1515:1640 Furthermore, we characterized the MOPR in an A112G/N38D-MOPR knockin mouse model that possesses the equivalent substitution of the A118G/N40D SNP in the human MOPR gene. 25293322 2 7 theme rigorous 731:738 arg1 controls 740:747 multiple rigorous controls 722:747 multiple rigorous controls 722:747 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 1 8 theme rat 236:238 arg1 brains 250:255 rat and mouse brains 236:255 rat and mouse brains 236:255 Our experience demonstrates that it is difficult to identify MOPR in rat and mouse brains by western blot, in part due to low abundance of the receptor and a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states. 25293322 8 9 gly glycosylation 1712:1724 arg1 mouse 1739:1743 mouse 1739:1743 mouse 1739:1743 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 8 9 gly glycosylation 1712:1724 arg2 four 1679:1682 four 1679:1682 four 1679:1682 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 8 9 gly glycosylation 1712:1724 arg2 sites 1726:1730 the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites 1675:1730 the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively 1675:1772 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 8 9 gly glycosylation 1712:1724 arg2 MOPR 1755:1758 human MOPR 1749:1758 human MOPR 1749:1758 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 8 9 gly glycosylation 1712:1724 arg2 mouse 1739:1743 mouse 1739:1743 mouse 1739:1743 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 8 9 gly glycosylation 1712:1724 arg2 five 1688:1691 five 1688:1691 five 1688:1691 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 8 9 gly glycosylation 1712:1724 arg1 MOPR 1755:1758 human MOPR 1749:1758 human MOPR 1749:1758 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 1 10 theme receptor 372:379 arg1 range 359:363 a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range 323:363 a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states 323:434 Our experience demonstrates that it is difficult to identify MOPR in rat and mouse brains by western blot, in part due to low abundance of the receptor and a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states. 25293322 1 10 theme receptor 372:379 arg1 abundance 293:301 low abundance 289:301 low abundance of the receptor 289:317 Our experience demonstrates that it is difficult to identify MOPR in rat and mouse brains by western blot, in part due to low abundance of the receptor and a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states. 25293322 3 11 theme affinity 934:941 arg1 purification 943:954 affinity purification 934:954 affinity purification 934:954 In particular, using brain tissues from MOPR knockout (K/O) mice as the negative controls allowed unambiguous identification of the MOPR band, since the anti-MOPR antibody, even after affinity purification, recognizes nonspecific protein bands. 25293322 9 12 theme lower 1919:1923 arg1 degrees 1925:1931 lower degrees 1919:1931 lower degrees of N-linked glycosylation 1919:1957 We demonstrated that the Mr of the MOPR in A112G mouse brains was lower than that in wild-type mouse brains, and that the difference was due to lower degrees of N-linked glycosylation. 25293322 4 13 theme kDa 1083:1085 arg1 range 1068:1072 a wide Mr range 1058:1072 a wide Mr range of 58-84 kDa 1058:1085 The MOPR was resolved as a faint, broad, and diffuse band with a wide Mr range of 58-84 kDa depending on brain regions and species. 25293322 7 14 theme A118G/N40D 1604:1613 arg1 SNP 1615:1617 the A118G/N40D SNP 1600:1617 the A118G/N40D SNP 1600:1617 Furthermore, we characterized the MOPR in an A112G/N38D-MOPR knockin mouse model that possesses the equivalent substitution of the A118G/N40D SNP in the human MOPR gene. 25293322 2 15 theme cell 623:626 arg1 line 628:631 a cell line 621:631 a cell line 621:631 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 6 16 from type 1401:1404 arg1 manners 1464:1470 brain region- and species-specific manners 1429:1470 brain region- and species-specific manners 1429:1470 Thus, MOPRs in rodent brains are differentially glycosylated by complex type of N-linked glycans in brain region- and species-specific manners. 25293322 0 17 from glycosylation 47:59 arg1 brains 78:83 rat and mouse brains 64:83 rat and mouse brains 64:83 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 9 18 theme glycosylation 1945:1957 arg1 degrees 1925:1931 lower degrees 1919:1931 lower degrees of N-linked glycosylation 1919:1957 We demonstrated that the Mr of the MOPR in A112G mouse brains was lower than that in wild-type mouse brains, and that the difference was due to lower degrees of N-linked glycosylation. 25293322 1 19 from MOPR 228:231 arg1 brains 250:255 rat and mouse brains 236:255 rat and mouse brains 236:255 Our experience demonstrates that it is difficult to identify MOPR in rat and mouse brains by western blot, in part due to low abundance of the receptor and a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states. 25293322 1 20 theme wide 325:328 arg1 range 359:363 a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range 323:363 a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states 323:434 Our experience demonstrates that it is difficult to identify MOPR in rat and mouse brains by western blot, in part due to low abundance of the receptor and a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states. 25293322 6 21 theme complex 1393:1399 arg1 type 1401:1404 complex type 1393:1404 complex type of N-linked glycans in brain region- and species-specific manners 1393:1470 Thus, MOPRs in rodent brains are differentially glycosylated by complex type of N-linked glycans in brain region- and species-specific manners. 25293322 2 22 theme rabbit 497:502 arg1 antibody 525:532 a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody 495:532 a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody 495:532 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 22 theme rabbit 497:502 arg1 anti-μC 486:492 anti-μC 486:492 anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody) 486:533 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 8 23 theme human 1749:1753 arg1 MOPR 1755:1758 human MOPR 1749:1758 human MOPR 1749:1758 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 1 24 theme molecular 339:347 arg1 mass 349:352 relative molecular mass 330:352 a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states 323:434 Our experience demonstrates that it is difficult to identify MOPR in rat and mouse brains by western blot, in part due to low abundance of the receptor and a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states. 25293322 1 24 theme molecular 339:347 arg1 Mr 355:356 Mr 355:356 Mr 355:356 Our experience demonstrates that it is difficult to identify MOPR in rat and mouse brains by western blot, in part due to low abundance of the receptor and a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states. 25293322 5 25 link N-linked 1158:1165 arg1 glycans 1167:1173 N-linked glycans 1158:1173 N-linked glycans 1158:1173 Upon deglycosylation to remove N-linked glycans by PNGase F (but not Endo H), the MOPR became a dense and sharp band with Mr of ~43 kDa, close to the theoretical Mr of its deduced amino acid sequences. 25293322 4 26 theme wide 1060:1063 arg1 range 1068:1072 a wide Mr range 1058:1072 a wide Mr range of 58-84 kDa 1058:1085 The MOPR was resolved as a faint, broad, and diffuse band with a wide Mr range of 58-84 kDa depending on brain regions and species. 25293322 9 27 theme mouse 1824:1828 arg1 brains 1830:1835 A112G mouse brains 1818:1835 A112G mouse brains 1818:1835 We demonstrated that the Mr of the MOPR in A112G mouse brains was lower than that in wild-type mouse brains, and that the difference was due to lower degrees of N-linked glycosylation. 25293322 7 28 theme knockin 1534:1540 arg1 model 1548:1552 an A112G/N38D-MOPR knockin mouse model 1515:1552 an A112G/N38D-MOPR knockin mouse model that possesses the equivalent substitution of the A118G/N40D SNP in the human MOPR gene 1515:1640 Furthermore, we characterized the MOPR in an A112G/N38D-MOPR knockin mouse model that possesses the equivalent substitution of the A118G/N40D SNP in the human MOPR gene. 25293322 6 29 theme species-specific 1447:1462 arg1 manners 1464:1470 brain region- and species-specific manners 1429:1470 brain region- and species-specific manners 1429:1470 Thus, MOPRs in rodent brains are differentially glycosylated by complex type of N-linked glycans in brain region- and species-specific manners. 25293322 5 30 theme N-linked 1158:1165 arg1 glycans 1167:1173 N-linked glycans 1158:1173 N-linked glycans 1158:1173 Upon deglycosylation to remove N-linked glycans by PNGase F (but not Endo H), the MOPR became a dense and sharp band with Mr of ~43 kDa, close to the theoretical Mr of its deduced amino acid sequences. 25293322 8 31 theme MOPR 1755:1758 arg1 sites 1726:1730 the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites 1675:1730 the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively 1675:1772 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 8 31 theme MOPR 1755:1758 arg1 mouse 1739:1743 mouse 1739:1743 mouse 1739:1743 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 8 31 theme MOPR 1755:1758 arg1 MOPR 1755:1758 human MOPR 1749:1758 human MOPR 1749:1758 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 6 32 theme rodent 1344:1349 arg1 brains 1351:1356 rodent brains 1344:1356 rodent brains 1344:1356 Thus, MOPRs in rodent brains are differentially glycosylated by complex type of N-linked glycans in brain region- and species-specific manners. 25293322 3 33 theme MOPR 790:793 arg1 mice 810:813 MOPR knockout (K/O) mice 790:813 MOPR knockout (K/O) mice 790:813 In particular, using brain tissues from MOPR knockout (K/O) mice as the negative controls allowed unambiguous identification of the MOPR band, since the anti-MOPR antibody, even after affinity purification, recognizes nonspecific protein bands. 25293322 5 34 theme theoretical 1277:1287 arg1 Mr 1289:1290 the theoretical Mr 1273:1290 the theoretical Mr of its deduced amino acid sequences 1273:1326 Upon deglycosylation to remove N-linked glycans by PNGase F (but not Endo H), the MOPR became a dense and sharp band with Mr of ~43 kDa, close to the theoretical Mr of its deduced amino acid sequences. 25293322 4 35 theme diffuse 1040:1046 arg1 MOPR 999:1002 The MOPR 995:1002 The MOPR 995:1002 The MOPR was resolved as a faint, broad, and diffuse band with a wide Mr range of 58-84 kDa depending on brain regions and species. 25293322 4 35 theme diffuse 1040:1046 arg1 band 1048:1051 a faint, broad, and diffuse band 1020:1051 a faint, broad, and diffuse band with a wide Mr range of 58-84 kDa 1020:1085 The MOPR was resolved as a faint, broad, and diffuse band with a wide Mr range of 58-84 kDa depending on brain regions and species. 25293322 3 36 theme nonspecific 968:978 arg1 bands 988:992 nonspecific protein bands 968:992 nonspecific protein bands 968:992 In particular, using brain tissues from MOPR knockout (K/O) mice as the negative controls allowed unambiguous identification of the MOPR band, since the anti-MOPR antibody, even after affinity purification, recognizes nonspecific protein bands. 25293322 0 37 from Detection 0:8 arg1 brains 78:83 rat and mouse brains 64:83 rat and mouse brains 64:83 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 0 38 theme rat 64:66 arg1 brains 78:83 rat and mouse brains 64:83 rat and mouse brains 64:83 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 6 39 theme brain 1429:1433 arg1 manners 1464:1470 brain region- and species-specific manners 1429:1470 brain region- and species-specific manners 1429:1470 Thus, MOPRs in rodent brains are differentially glycosylated by complex type of N-linked glycans in brain region- and species-specific manners. 25293322 9 40 theme MOPR 1810:1813 arg1 Mr 1800:1801 the Mr 1796:1801 the Mr of the MOPR in A112G mouse brains 1796:1835 We demonstrated that the Mr of the MOPR in A112G mouse brains was lower than that in wild-type mouse brains, and that the difference was due to lower degrees of N-linked glycosylation. 25293322 9 40 theme MOPR 1810:1813 arg1 lower 1841:1845 lower 1841:1845 lower 1841:1845 We demonstrated that the Mr of the MOPR in A112G mouse brains was lower than that in wild-type mouse brains, and that the difference was due to lower degrees of N-linked glycosylation. 25293322 4 41 theme faint 1022:1026 arg1 MOPR 999:1002 The MOPR 995:1002 The MOPR 995:1002 The MOPR was resolved as a faint, broad, and diffuse band with a wide Mr range of 58-84 kDa depending on brain regions and species. 25293322 4 41 theme faint 1022:1026 arg1 band 1048:1051 a faint, broad, and diffuse band 1020:1051 a faint, broad, and diffuse band with a wide Mr range of 58-84 kDa 1020:1085 The MOPR was resolved as a faint, broad, and diffuse band with a wide Mr range of 58-84 kDa depending on brain regions and species. 25293322 2 42 theme specificity 560:570 arg1 purification 470:481 purification 470:481 purification 470:481 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 42 theme specificity 560:570 arg1 characterization 536:551 characterization 536:551 characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line 536:631 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 42 theme specificity 560:570 arg1 generation 455:464 generation 455:464 generation 455:464 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 42 theme specificity 560:570 arg1 detection 662:670 unequivocal detection 650:670 unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls 650:747 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 0 43 theme mouse 72:76 arg1 brains 78:83 rat and mouse brains 64:83 rat and mouse brains 64:83 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 6 44 theme glycans 1418:1424 arg1 type 1401:1404 complex type 1393:1404 complex type of N-linked glycans in brain region- and species-specific manners 1393:1470 Thus, MOPRs in rodent brains are differentially glycosylated by complex type of N-linked glycans in brain region- and species-specific manners. 25293322 9 45 theme A112G 1818:1822 arg1 brains 1830:1835 A112G mouse brains 1818:1835 A112G mouse brains 1818:1835 We demonstrated that the Mr of the MOPR in A112G mouse brains was lower than that in wild-type mouse brains, and that the difference was due to lower degrees of N-linked glycosylation. 25293322 5 46 theme Endo 1196:1199 arg1 H 1201:1201 Endo H 1196:1201 Endo H 1196:1201 Upon deglycosylation to remove N-linked glycans by PNGase F (but not Endo H), the MOPR became a dense and sharp band with Mr of ~43 kDa, close to the theoretical Mr of its deduced amino acid sequences. 25293322 5 46 theme Endo 1196:1199 arg1 F 1185:1185 PNGase F 1178:1185 PNGase F (but not Endo H) 1178:1202 Upon deglycosylation to remove N-linked glycans by PNGase F (but not Endo H), the MOPR became a dense and sharp band with Mr of ~43 kDa, close to the theoretical Mr of its deduced amino acid sequences. 25293322 6 47 gly glycosylated 1377:1388 arg1 MOPRs 1335:1339 MOPRs 1335:1339 MOPRs in rodent brains 1335:1356 Thus, MOPRs in rodent brains are differentially glycosylated by complex type of N-linked glycans in brain region- and species-specific manners. 25293322 5 48 with band 1239:1242 arg1 Mr 1249:1250 Mr 1249:1250 Mr of ~43 kDa 1249:1261 Upon deglycosylation to remove N-linked glycans by PNGase F (but not Endo H), the MOPR became a dense and sharp band with Mr of ~43 kDa, close to the theoretical Mr of its deduced amino acid sequences. 25293322 3 49 theme negative 822:829 arg1 tissues 777:783 brain tissues 771:783 brain tissues from MOPR knockout (K/O) mice 771:813 In particular, using brain tissues from MOPR knockout (K/O) mice as the negative controls allowed unambiguous identification of the MOPR band, since the anti-MOPR antibody, even after affinity purification, recognizes nonspecific protein bands. 25293322 3 49 theme negative 822:829 arg1 controls 831:838 the negative controls 818:838 the negative controls 818:838 In particular, using brain tissues from MOPR knockout (K/O) mice as the negative controls allowed unambiguous identification of the MOPR band, since the anti-MOPR antibody, even after affinity purification, recognizes nonspecific protein bands. 25293322 8 50 dep mouse 1739:1743 arg1 the 1735:1737 the 1735:1737 the 1735:1737 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 2 51 theme HA-tagged 593:601 arg1 MOPR 603:606 HA-tagged MOPR 593:606 HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line 593:631 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 0 52 theme mu 13:14 arg1 MOPR 33:36 MOPR 33:36 MOPR 33:36 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 0 52 theme mu 13:14 arg1 receptor 23:30 mu opioid receptor 13:30 mu opioid receptor (MOPR) 13:37 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 6 53 from manners 1464:1470 arg1 type 1401:1404 complex type 1393:1404 complex type of N-linked glycans in brain region- and species-specific manners 1393:1470 Thus, MOPRs in rodent brains are differentially glycosylated by complex type of N-linked glycans in brain region- and species-specific manners. 25293322 0 54 theme receptor 23:30 arg1 glycosylation 47:59 its glycosylation 43:59 its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains 43:83 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 0 54 theme receptor 23:30 arg1 Detection 0:8 Detection 0:8 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) 0:37 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 1 55 theme western 260:266 arg1 blot 268:271 western blot 260:271 western blot 260:271 Our experience demonstrates that it is difficult to identify MOPR in rat and mouse brains by western blot, in part due to low abundance of the receptor and a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states. 25293322 5 56 theme deduced 1299:1305 arg1 sequences 1318:1326 its deduced amino acid sequences 1295:1326 its deduced amino acid sequences 1295:1326 Upon deglycosylation to remove N-linked glycans by PNGase F (but not Endo H), the MOPR became a dense and sharp band with Mr of ~43 kDa, close to the theoretical Mr of its deduced amino acid sequences. 25293322 2 57 from MOPR 679:682 arg1 tissues 693:699 brain tissues 687:699 brain tissues 687:699 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 1 58 theme glycosylation 415:427 arg1 states 429:434 its heterogeneous glycosylation states 397:434 its heterogeneous glycosylation states 397:434 Our experience demonstrates that it is difficult to identify MOPR in rat and mouse brains by western blot, in part due to low abundance of the receptor and a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states. 25293322 2 59 theme multiple 722:729 arg1 controls 740:747 multiple rigorous controls 722:747 multiple rigorous controls 722:747 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 5 60 theme acid 1313:1316 arg1 sequences 1318:1326 its deduced amino acid sequences 1295:1326 its deduced amino acid sequences 1295:1326 Upon deglycosylation to remove N-linked glycans by PNGase F (but not Endo H), the MOPR became a dense and sharp band with Mr of ~43 kDa, close to the theoretical Mr of its deduced amino acid sequences. 25293322 9 61 theme wild-type 1860:1868 arg1 brains 1876:1881 wild-type mouse brains 1860:1881 wild-type mouse brains 1860:1881 We demonstrated that the Mr of the MOPR in A112G mouse brains was lower than that in wild-type mouse brains, and that the difference was due to lower degrees of N-linked glycosylation. 25293322 5 62 theme dense 1223:1227 arg1 band 1239:1242 a dense and sharp band 1221:1242 a dense and sharp band 1221:1242 Upon deglycosylation to remove N-linked glycans by PNGase F (but not Endo H), the MOPR became a dense and sharp band with Mr of ~43 kDa, close to the theoretical Mr of its deduced amino acid sequences. 25293322 7 63 theme A112G/N38D-MOPR 1518:1532 arg1 model 1548:1552 an A112G/N38D-MOPR knockin mouse model 1515:1552 an A112G/N38D-MOPR knockin mouse model that possesses the equivalent substitution of the A118G/N40D SNP in the human MOPR gene 1515:1640 Furthermore, we characterized the MOPR in an A112G/N38D-MOPR knockin mouse model that possesses the equivalent substitution of the A118G/N40D SNP in the human MOPR gene. 25293322 3 64 theme band 887:890 arg1 identification 860:873 unambiguous identification 848:873 unambiguous identification of the MOPR band 848:890 In particular, using brain tissues from MOPR knockout (K/O) mice as the negative controls allowed unambiguous identification of the MOPR band, since the anti-MOPR antibody, even after affinity purification, recognizes nonspecific protein bands. 25293322 7 65 from substitution 1584:1595 arg1 gene 1637:1640 the human MOPR gene 1622:1640 the human MOPR gene 1622:1640 Furthermore, we characterized the MOPR in an A112G/N38D-MOPR knockin mouse model that possesses the equivalent substitution of the A118G/N40D SNP in the human MOPR gene. 25293322 2 66 from generation 455:464 arg1 immunoblotting 575:588 immunoblotting 575:588 immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line 575:631 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 66 from generation 455:464 arg1 tissues 693:699 brain tissues 687:699 brain tissues 687:699 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 1 67 dep Our 167:169 arg1 experience 171:180 experience 171:180 experience 171:180 Our experience demonstrates that it is difficult to identify MOPR in rat and mouse brains by western blot, in part due to low abundance of the receptor and a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states. 25293322 8 68 link N-linked 1693:1700 arg1 sites 1726:1730 the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites 1675:1730 the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively 1675:1772 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 8 68 link N-linked 1693:1700 arg1 mouse 1739:1743 mouse 1739:1743 mouse 1739:1743 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 8 68 link N-linked 1693:1700 arg1 MOPR 1755:1758 human MOPR 1749:1758 human MOPR 1749:1758 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 2 69 from purification 470:481 arg1 immunoblotting 575:588 immunoblotting 575:588 immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line 575:631 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 69 from purification 470:481 arg1 tissues 693:699 brain tissues 687:699 brain tissues 687:699 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 0 70 theme anti-MOPR 147:155 arg1 antibody 157:164 an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody 115:164 an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody 115:164 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 0 70 theme anti-MOPR 147:155 arg1 anti-μC 106:112 anti-μC 106:112 anti-μC 106:112 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 3 71 theme anti-MOPR 903:911 arg1 antibody 913:920 the anti-MOPR antibody 899:920 the anti-MOPR antibody 899:920 In particular, using brain tissues from MOPR knockout (K/O) mice as the negative controls allowed unambiguous identification of the MOPR band, since the anti-MOPR antibody, even after affinity purification, recognizes nonspecific protein bands. 25293322 0 72 with glycosylation 47:59 arg1 antibody 157:164 an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody 115:164 an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody 115:164 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 0 72 with glycosylation 47:59 arg1 anti-μC 106:112 anti-μC 106:112 anti-μC 106:112 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 2 73 theme polyclonal 504:513 arg1 antibody 525:532 a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody 495:532 a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody 495:532 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 73 theme polyclonal 504:513 arg1 anti-μC 486:492 anti-μC 486:492 anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody) 486:533 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 5 74 dep deglycosylation 1132:1146 arg1 remove 1151:1156 remove 1151:1156 to remove N-linked glycans by PNGase F (but not Endo H) 1148:1202 Upon deglycosylation to remove N-linked glycans by PNGase F (but not Endo H), the MOPR became a dense and sharp band with Mr of ~43 kDa, close to the theoretical Mr of its deduced amino acid sequences. 25293322 2 75 theme MOPR 679:682 arg1 purification 470:481 purification 470:481 purification 470:481 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 75 theme MOPR 679:682 arg1 characterization 536:551 characterization 536:551 characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line 536:631 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 75 theme MOPR 679:682 arg1 generation 455:464 generation 455:464 generation 455:464 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 75 theme MOPR 679:682 arg1 detection 662:670 unequivocal detection 650:670 unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls 650:747 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 5 76 theme kDa 1259:1261 arg1 Mr 1249:1250 Mr 1249:1250 Mr of ~43 kDa 1249:1261 Upon deglycosylation to remove N-linked glycans by PNGase F (but not Endo H), the MOPR became a dense and sharp band with Mr of ~43 kDa, close to the theoretical Mr of its deduced amino acid sequences. 25293322 7 77 theme equivalent 1573:1582 arg1 substitution 1584:1595 the equivalent substitution 1569:1595 the equivalent substitution of the A118G/N40D SNP in the human MOPR gene 1569:1640 Furthermore, we characterized the MOPR in an A112G/N38D-MOPR knockin mouse model that possesses the equivalent substitution of the A118G/N40D SNP in the human MOPR gene. 25293322 4 78 theme broad 1029:1033 arg1 MOPR 999:1002 The MOPR 995:1002 The MOPR 995:1002 The MOPR was resolved as a faint, broad, and diffuse band with a wide Mr range of 58-84 kDa depending on brain regions and species. 25293322 4 78 theme broad 1029:1033 arg1 band 1048:1051 a faint, broad, and diffuse band 1020:1051 a faint, broad, and diffuse band with a wide Mr range of 58-84 kDa 1020:1085 The MOPR was resolved as a faint, broad, and diffuse band with a wide Mr range of 58-84 kDa depending on brain regions and species. 25293322 8 79 theme N-linked 1693:1700 arg1 sites 1726:1730 the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites 1675:1730 the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively 1675:1772 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 8 79 theme N-linked 1693:1700 arg1 mouse 1739:1743 mouse 1739:1743 mouse 1739:1743 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 8 79 theme N-linked 1693:1700 arg1 MOPR 1755:1758 human MOPR 1749:1758 human MOPR 1749:1758 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 5 80 theme sharp 1233:1237 arg1 band 1239:1242 a dense and sharp band 1221:1242 a dense and sharp band 1221:1242 Upon deglycosylation to remove N-linked glycans by PNGase F (but not Endo H), the MOPR became a dense and sharp band with Mr of ~43 kDa, close to the theoretical Mr of its deduced amino acid sequences. 25293322 0 81 theme western 88:94 arg1 blot 96:99 western blot 88:99 western blot 88:99 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 2 82 theme anti-μC 486:492 arg1 purification 470:481 purification 470:481 purification 470:481 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 82 theme anti-μC 486:492 arg1 characterization 536:551 characterization 536:551 characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line 536:631 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 82 theme anti-μC 486:492 arg1 generation 455:464 generation 455:464 generation 455:464 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 82 theme anti-μC 486:492 arg1 detection 662:670 unequivocal detection 650:670 unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls 650:747 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 83 theme brain 687:691 arg1 tissues 693:699 brain tissues 687:699 brain tissues 687:699 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 9 84 theme N-linked 1936:1943 arg1 glycosylation 1945:1957 N-linked glycosylation 1936:1957 N-linked glycosylation 1936:1957 We demonstrated that the Mr of the MOPR in A112G mouse brains was lower than that in wild-type mouse brains, and that the difference was due to lower degrees of N-linked glycosylation. 25293322 6 85 from glycans 1418:1424 arg1 manners 1464:1470 brain region- and species-specific manners 1429:1470 brain region- and species-specific manners 1429:1470 Thus, MOPRs in rodent brains are differentially glycosylated by complex type of N-linked glycans in brain region- and species-specific manners. 25293322 8 86 theme mouse 1739:1743 arg1 sites 1726:1730 the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites 1675:1730 the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively 1675:1772 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 8 86 theme mouse 1739:1743 arg1 mouse 1739:1743 mouse 1739:1743 mouse 1739:1743 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 8 86 theme mouse 1739:1743 arg1 MOPR 1755:1758 human MOPR 1749:1758 human MOPR 1749:1758 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 1 87 theme relative 330:337 arg1 mass 349:352 relative molecular mass 330:352 a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states 323:434 Our experience demonstrates that it is difficult to identify MOPR in rat and mouse brains by western blot, in part due to low abundance of the receptor and a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states. 25293322 1 87 theme relative 330:337 arg1 Mr 355:356 Mr 355:356 Mr 355:356 Our experience demonstrates that it is difficult to identify MOPR in rat and mouse brains by western blot, in part due to low abundance of the receptor and a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states. 25293322 2 88 with blot 712:715 arg1 controls 740:747 multiple rigorous controls 722:747 multiple rigorous controls 722:747 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 4 89 theme Mr 1065:1066 arg1 range 1068:1072 a wide Mr range 1058:1072 a wide Mr range of 58-84 kDa 1058:1085 The MOPR was resolved as a faint, broad, and diffuse band with a wide Mr range of 58-84 kDa depending on brain regions and species. 25293322 2 90 from specificity 560:570 arg1 immunoblotting 575:588 immunoblotting 575:588 immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line 575:631 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 0 91 theme affinity-purified 118:134 arg1 antibody 157:164 an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody 115:164 an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody 115:164 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 0 91 theme affinity-purified 118:134 arg1 anti-μC 106:112 anti-μC 106:112 anti-μC 106:112 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 1 92 theme mass 349:352 arg1 range 359:363 a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range 323:363 a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states 323:434 Our experience demonstrates that it is difficult to identify MOPR in rat and mouse brains by western blot, in part due to low abundance of the receptor and a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states. 25293322 3 93 theme brain 771:775 arg1 tissues 777:783 brain tissues 771:783 brain tissues from MOPR knockout (K/O) mice 771:813 In particular, using brain tissues from MOPR knockout (K/O) mice as the negative controls allowed unambiguous identification of the MOPR band, since the anti-MOPR antibody, even after affinity purification, recognizes nonspecific protein bands. 25293322 3 93 theme brain 771:775 arg1 controls 831:838 the negative controls 818:838 the negative controls 818:838 In particular, using brain tissues from MOPR knockout (K/O) mice as the negative controls allowed unambiguous identification of the MOPR band, since the anti-MOPR antibody, even after affinity purification, recognizes nonspecific protein bands. 25293322 0 94 with Detection 0:8 arg1 antibody 157:164 an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody 115:164 an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody 115:164 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 0 94 with Detection 0:8 arg1 anti-μC 106:112 anti-μC 106:112 anti-μC 106:112 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 2 95 theme unequivocal 650:660 arg1 detection 662:670 unequivocal detection 650:670 unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls 650:747 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 96 from immunoblotting 575:588 arg1 purification 470:481 purification 470:481 purification 470:481 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 96 from immunoblotting 575:588 arg1 characterization 536:551 characterization 536:551 characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line 536:631 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 96 from immunoblotting 575:588 arg1 generation 455:464 generation 455:464 generation 455:464 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 96 from immunoblotting 575:588 arg1 detection 662:670 unequivocal detection 650:670 unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls 650:747 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 9 97 link N-linked 1936:1943 arg1 glycosylation 1945:1957 N-linked glycosylation 1936:1957 N-linked glycosylation 1936:1957 We demonstrated that the Mr of the MOPR in A112G mouse brains was lower than that in wild-type mouse brains, and that the difference was due to lower degrees of N-linked glycosylation. 25293322 7 98 theme mouse 1542:1546 arg1 model 1548:1552 an A112G/N38D-MOPR knockin mouse model 1515:1552 an A112G/N38D-MOPR knockin mouse model that possesses the equivalent substitution of the A118G/N40D SNP in the human MOPR gene 1515:1640 Furthermore, we characterized the MOPR in an A112G/N38D-MOPR knockin mouse model that possesses the equivalent substitution of the A118G/N40D SNP in the human MOPR gene. 25293322 3 99 from mice 810:813 arg1 tissues 777:783 brain tissues 771:783 brain tissues from MOPR knockout (K/O) mice 771:813 In particular, using brain tissues from MOPR knockout (K/O) mice as the negative controls allowed unambiguous identification of the MOPR band, since the anti-MOPR antibody, even after affinity purification, recognizes nonspecific protein bands. 25293322 3 99 from mice 810:813 arg1 controls 831:838 the negative controls 818:838 the negative controls 818:838 In particular, using brain tissues from MOPR knockout (K/O) mice as the negative controls allowed unambiguous identification of the MOPR band, since the anti-MOPR antibody, even after affinity purification, recognizes nonspecific protein bands. 25293322 1 100 theme due 282:284 arg1 part 277:280 part 277:280 part due to low abundance of the receptor and a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states 277:434 Our experience demonstrates that it is difficult to identify MOPR in rat and mouse brains by western blot, in part due to low abundance of the receptor and a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states. 25293322 3 101 theme knockout 795:802 arg1 mice 810:813 MOPR knockout (K/O) mice 790:813 MOPR knockout (K/O) mice 790:813 In particular, using brain tissues from MOPR knockout (K/O) mice as the negative controls allowed unambiguous identification of the MOPR band, since the anti-MOPR antibody, even after affinity purification, recognizes nonspecific protein bands. 25293322 8 102 theme consensus 1702:1710 arg1 sites 1726:1730 the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites 1675:1730 the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively 1675:1772 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 8 102 theme consensus 1702:1710 arg1 mouse 1739:1743 mouse 1739:1743 mouse 1739:1743 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 8 102 theme consensus 1702:1710 arg1 MOPR 1755:1758 human MOPR 1749:1758 human MOPR 1749:1758 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 1 103 theme low 289:291 arg1 abundance 293:301 low abundance 289:301 low abundance of the receptor 289:317 Our experience demonstrates that it is difficult to identify MOPR in rat and mouse brains by western blot, in part due to low abundance of the receptor and a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states. 25293322 6 104 theme region- 1435:1441 arg1 manners 1464:1470 brain region- and species-specific manners 1429:1470 brain region- and species-specific manners 1429:1470 Thus, MOPRs in rodent brains are differentially glycosylated by complex type of N-linked glycans in brain region- and species-specific manners. 25293322 7 105 theme human 1626:1630 arg1 gene 1637:1640 the human MOPR gene 1622:1640 the human MOPR gene 1622:1640 Furthermore, we characterized the MOPR in an A112G/N38D-MOPR knockin mouse model that possesses the equivalent substitution of the A118G/N40D SNP in the human MOPR gene. 25293322 0 106 gly glycosylation 47:59 arg1 MOPR 33:36 MOPR 33:36 MOPR 33:36 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 0 106 gly glycosylation 47:59 arg1 receptor 23:30 mu opioid receptor 13:30 mu opioid receptor (MOPR) 13:37 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 0 106 gly glycosylation 47:59 arg1 brains 78:83 rat and mouse brains 64:83 rat and mouse brains 64:83 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 6 107 link N-linked 1409:1416 arg1 glycans 1418:1424 N-linked glycans 1409:1424 N-linked glycans in brain region- and species-specific manners 1409:1470 Thus, MOPRs in rodent brains are differentially glycosylated by complex type of N-linked glycans in brain region- and species-specific manners. 25293322 1 108 theme receptor 310:317 arg1 range 359:363 a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range 323:363 a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states 323:434 Our experience demonstrates that it is difficult to identify MOPR in rat and mouse brains by western blot, in part due to low abundance of the receptor and a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states. 25293322 1 108 theme receptor 310:317 arg1 abundance 293:301 low abundance 289:301 low abundance of the receptor 289:317 Our experience demonstrates that it is difficult to identify MOPR in rat and mouse brains by western blot, in part due to low abundance of the receptor and a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states. 25293322 3 109 theme protein 980:986 arg1 bands 988:992 nonspecific protein bands 968:992 nonspecific protein bands 968:992 In particular, using brain tissues from MOPR knockout (K/O) mice as the negative controls allowed unambiguous identification of the MOPR band, since the anti-MOPR antibody, even after affinity purification, recognizes nonspecific protein bands. 25293322 6 110 theme N-linked 1409:1416 arg1 glycans 1418:1424 N-linked glycans 1409:1424 N-linked glycans in brain region- and species-specific manners 1409:1470 Thus, MOPRs in rodent brains are differentially glycosylated by complex type of N-linked glycans in brain region- and species-specific manners. 25293322 3 111 theme K/O 805:807 arg1 mice 810:813 MOPR knockout (K/O) mice 790:813 MOPR knockout (K/O) mice 790:813 In particular, using brain tissues from MOPR knockout (K/O) mice as the negative controls allowed unambiguous identification of the MOPR band, since the anti-MOPR antibody, even after affinity purification, recognizes nonspecific protein bands. 25293322 7 112 contain possesses 1559:1567 arg2 substitution 1584:1595 the equivalent substitution 1569:1595 the equivalent substitution of the A118G/N40D SNP in the human MOPR gene 1569:1640 Furthermore, we characterized the MOPR in an A112G/N38D-MOPR knockin mouse model that possesses the equivalent substitution of the A118G/N40D SNP in the human MOPR gene. 25293322 7 112 contain possesses 1559:1567 arg1 model 1548:1552 an A112G/N38D-MOPR knockin mouse model 1515:1552 an A112G/N38D-MOPR knockin mouse model that possesses the equivalent substitution of the A118G/N40D SNP in the human MOPR gene 1515:1640 Furthermore, we characterized the MOPR in an A112G/N38D-MOPR knockin mouse model that possesses the equivalent substitution of the A118G/N40D SNP in the human MOPR gene. 25293322 2 113 theme MOPR 603:606 arg1 immunoblotting 575:588 immunoblotting 575:588 immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line 575:631 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 0 114 theme opioid 16:21 arg1 MOPR 33:36 MOPR 33:36 MOPR 33:36 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 0 114 theme opioid 16:21 arg1 receptor 23:30 mu opioid receptor 13:30 mu opioid receptor (MOPR) 13:37 Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-μC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. 25293322 1 115 theme mouse 244:248 arg1 brains 250:255 rat and mouse brains 236:255 rat and mouse brains 236:255 Our experience demonstrates that it is difficult to identify MOPR in rat and mouse brains by western blot, in part due to low abundance of the receptor and a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states. 25293322 4 116 theme brain 1100:1104 arg1 regions 1106:1112 brain regions 1100:1112 brain regions 1100:1112 The MOPR was resolved as a faint, broad, and diffuse band with a wide Mr range of 58-84 kDa depending on brain regions and species. 25293322 6 117 from MOPRs 1335:1339 arg1 brains 1351:1356 rodent brains 1344:1356 rodent brains 1344:1356 Thus, MOPRs in rodent brains are differentially glycosylated by complex type of N-linked glycans in brain region- and species-specific manners. 25293322 5 118 theme PNGase 1178:1183 arg1 H 1201:1201 Endo H 1196:1201 Endo H 1196:1201 Upon deglycosylation to remove N-linked glycans by PNGase F (but not Endo H), the MOPR became a dense and sharp band with Mr of ~43 kDa, close to the theoretical Mr of its deduced amino acid sequences. 25293322 5 118 theme PNGase 1178:1183 arg1 F 1185:1185 PNGase F 1178:1185 PNGase F (but not Endo H) 1178:1202 Upon deglycosylation to remove N-linked glycans by PNGase F (but not Endo H), the MOPR became a dense and sharp band with Mr of ~43 kDa, close to the theoretical Mr of its deduced amino acid sequences. 25293322 8 119 theme glycosylation 1712:1724 arg1 sites 1726:1730 the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites 1675:1730 the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively 1675:1772 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 8 119 theme glycosylation 1712:1724 arg1 mouse 1739:1743 mouse 1739:1743 mouse 1739:1743 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 8 119 theme glycosylation 1712:1724 arg1 MOPR 1755:1758 human MOPR 1749:1758 human MOPR 1749:1758 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 2 120 from characterization 536:551 arg1 immunoblotting 575:588 immunoblotting 575:588 immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line 575:631 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 120 from characterization 536:551 arg1 tissues 693:699 brain tissues 687:699 brain tissues 687:699 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 121 from detection 662:670 arg1 immunoblotting 575:588 immunoblotting 575:588 immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line 575:631 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 121 from detection 662:670 arg1 tissues 693:699 brain tissues 687:699 brain tissues 687:699 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 1 122 theme heterogeneous 401:413 arg1 states 429:434 its heterogeneous glycosylation states 397:434 its heterogeneous glycosylation states 397:434 Our experience demonstrates that it is difficult to identify MOPR in rat and mouse brains by western blot, in part due to low abundance of the receptor and a wide relative molecular mass (Mr) range of the receptor associated with its heterogeneous glycosylation states. 25293322 8 123 theme sites 1726:1730 arg1 sites 1726:1730 the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites 1675:1730 the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively 1675:1772 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 8 123 theme sites 1726:1730 arg1 mouse 1739:1743 mouse 1739:1743 mouse 1739:1743 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 8 123 theme sites 1726:1730 arg1 MOPR 1755:1758 human MOPR 1749:1758 human MOPR 1749:1758 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 8 123 theme sites 1726:1730 arg1 one 1668:1670 one 1668:1670 one 1668:1670 The substitution removes one of the four and five N-linked consensus glycosylation sites of the mouse and human MOPR, respectively. 25293322 5 124 theme amino 1307:1311 arg1 sequences 1318:1326 its deduced amino acid sequences 1295:1326 its deduced amino acid sequences 1295:1326 Upon deglycosylation to remove N-linked glycans by PNGase F (but not Endo H), the MOPR became a dense and sharp band with Mr of ~43 kDa, close to the theoretical Mr of its deduced amino acid sequences. 25293322 3 125 theme unambiguous 848:858 arg1 identification 860:873 unambiguous identification 848:873 unambiguous identification of the MOPR band 848:890 In particular, using brain tissues from MOPR knockout (K/O) mice as the negative controls allowed unambiguous identification of the MOPR band, since the anti-MOPR antibody, even after affinity purification, recognizes nonspecific protein bands. 25293322 5 126 theme sequences 1318:1326 arg1 Mr 1289:1290 the theoretical Mr 1273:1290 the theoretical Mr of its deduced amino acid sequences 1273:1326 Upon deglycosylation to remove N-linked glycans by PNGase F (but not Endo H), the MOPR became a dense and sharp band with Mr of ~43 kDa, close to the theoretical Mr of its deduced amino acid sequences. 25293322 9 127 theme mouse 1870:1874 arg1 brains 1876:1881 wild-type mouse brains 1860:1881 wild-type mouse brains 1860:1881 We demonstrated that the Mr of the MOPR in A112G mouse brains was lower than that in wild-type mouse brains, and that the difference was due to lower degrees of N-linked glycosylation. 25293322 7 128 theme MOPR 1632:1635 arg1 gene 1637:1640 the human MOPR gene 1622:1640 the human MOPR gene 1622:1640 Furthermore, we characterized the MOPR in an A112G/N38D-MOPR knockin mouse model that possesses the equivalent substitution of the A118G/N40D SNP in the human MOPR gene. 25293322 2 129 theme western 704:710 arg1 blot 712:715 western blot 704:715 western blot with multiple rigorous controls 704:747 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 130 from tissues 693:699 arg1 purification 470:481 purification 470:481 purification 470:481 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 130 from tissues 693:699 arg1 characterization 536:551 characterization 536:551 characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line 536:631 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 130 from tissues 693:699 arg1 generation 455:464 generation 455:464 generation 455:464 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 25293322 2 130 from tissues 693:699 arg1 detection 662:670 unequivocal detection 650:670 unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls 650:747 Here, we describe generation and purification of anti-μC (a rabbit polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody), characterization of its specificity in immunoblotting of HA-tagged MOPR expressed in a cell line, and ultimately, unequivocal detection of the MOPR in brain tissues by western blot with multiple rigorous controls. 28746350 0 0 theme surface 77:83 arg1 expression 85:94 surface expression 77:94 surface expression 77:94 Differential effects of N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites on surface expression and filopodia formation. 28746350 4 1 dep sites 540:544 arg1 sites 540:544 Four N-linked glycosylation sites 512:544 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) 512:579 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 1 dep sites 540:544 arg1 Asn101 561:566 Asn101 561:566 Asn101 561:566 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 1 dep sites 540:544 arg1 Asn108 573:578 Asn108 573:578 Asn108 573:578 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 1 dep sites 540:544 arg1 Asn87 554:558 Asn87 554:558 Asn87 554:558 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 1 dep sites 540:544 arg1 Asn43 547:551 Asn43 547:551 Asn43 547:551 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 7 2 gly Glycosylation 825:837 arg2 sites 853:857 individual sites 842:857 individual sites 842:857 Glycosylation at individual sites not only played essential roles in surface expression of Vstm5 but also in the formation of neuronal dendritic filopodia. 28746350 7 3 theme essential 875:883 arg1 roles 885:889 essential roles 875:889 essential roles 875:889 Glycosylation at individual sites not only played essential roles in surface expression of Vstm5 but also in the formation of neuronal dendritic filopodia. 28746350 1 4 theme membrane 244:251 arg1 protrusions 253:263 membrane protrusions 244:263 membrane protrusions 244:263 V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 (Vstm5), a newly characterized small membrane glycoprotein, can induce membrane protrusions in various cells. 28746350 0 5 from effects 13:19 arg1 sites 68:72 multiple sites 59:72 multiple sites 59:72 Differential effects of N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites on surface expression and filopodia formation. 28746350 0 5 from effects 13:19 arg1 expression 85:94 surface expression 77:94 surface expression 77:94 Differential effects of N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites on surface expression and filopodia formation. 28746350 0 5 from effects 13:19 arg1 formation 110:118 filopodia formation 100:118 filopodia formation 100:118 Differential effects of N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites on surface expression and filopodia formation. 28746350 8 6 theme N-linked 1009:1016 arg1 glycosylation 1018:1030 N-linked glycosylation 1009:1030 N-linked glycosylation at multiple sites 1009:1048 These results indicate that N-linked glycosylation at multiple sites plays important roles by differentially influencing the expression, targeting, and biological activity of Vstm5. 28746350 0 7 link N-linked 24:31 arg1 glycosylation 33:45 N-linked glycosylation 24:45 N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites 24:72 Differential effects of N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites on surface expression and filopodia formation. 28746350 2 8 theme neurons 346:352 arg1 complexity 324:333 complexity 324:333 complexity 324:333 Vstm5 can modulate both the position and complexity of central neurons by altering their membrane morphology and dynamics. 28746350 2 8 theme neurons 346:352 arg1 position 311:318 position 311:318 position 311:318 Vstm5 can modulate both the position and complexity of central neurons by altering their membrane morphology and dynamics. 28746350 8 9 theme multiple 1035:1042 arg1 sites 1044:1048 multiple sites 1035:1048 multiple sites 1035:1048 These results indicate that N-linked glycosylation at multiple sites plays important roles by differentially influencing the expression, targeting, and biological activity of Vstm5. 28746350 1 10 gly glycoprotein 219:230 arg1 glycoprotein 219:230 a newly characterized small membrane glycoprotein 182:230 a newly characterized small membrane glycoprotein 182:230 V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 (Vstm5), a newly characterized small membrane glycoprotein, can induce membrane protrusions in various cells. 28746350 1 10 gly glycoprotein 219:230 arg1 V-set 121:125 V-set 121:125 V-set 121:125 V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 (Vstm5), a newly characterized small membrane glycoprotein, can induce membrane protrusions in various cells. 28746350 7 11 theme dendritic 960:968 arg1 filopodia 970:978 neuronal dendritic filopodia 951:978 neuronal dendritic filopodia 951:978 Glycosylation at individual sites not only played essential roles in surface expression of Vstm5 but also in the formation of neuronal dendritic filopodia. 28746350 8 12 theme Vstm5 1156:1160 arg1 activity 1144:1151 biological activity 1133:1151 biological activity 1133:1151 These results indicate that N-linked glycosylation at multiple sites plays important roles by differentially influencing the expression, targeting, and biological activity of Vstm5. 28746350 8 12 theme Vstm5 1156:1160 arg1 targeting 1118:1126 targeting 1118:1126 targeting 1118:1126 These results indicate that N-linked glycosylation at multiple sites plays important roles by differentially influencing the expression, targeting, and biological activity of Vstm5. 28746350 8 12 theme Vstm5 1156:1160 arg1 expression 1106:1115 expression 1106:1115 expression 1106:1115 These results indicate that N-linked glycosylation at multiple sites plays important roles by differentially influencing the expression, targeting, and biological activity of Vstm5. 28746350 3 13 dep expression 478:487 arg1 the 474:476 the 474:476 the 474:476 In this study, we investigated the significance of glycosylation in the expression and function of Vstm5. 28746350 7 14 theme individual 842:851 arg1 sites 853:857 individual sites 842:857 individual sites 842:857 Glycosylation at individual sites not only played essential roles in surface expression of Vstm5 but also in the formation of neuronal dendritic filopodia. 28746350 1 15 theme various 268:274 arg1 cells 276:280 various cells 268:280 various cells 268:280 V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 (Vstm5), a newly characterized small membrane glycoprotein, can induce membrane protrusions in various cells. 28746350 5 16 theme functional 706:715 arg1 roles 717:721 their functional roles 700:721 their functional roles 700:721 Although all four sites were glycosylated, their functional roles may not be identical. 28746350 0 17 theme filopodia 100:108 arg1 formation 110:118 filopodia formation 100:118 filopodia formation 100:118 Differential effects of N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites on surface expression and filopodia formation. 28746350 6 18 theme multiple 764:771 arg1 sites 773:777 multiple sites 764:777 multiple sites 764:777 N-glycosylation at multiple sites affects differentially the function of Vstm5. 28746350 4 19 from N-terminus 630:639 arg1 located 601:607 located 601:607 located 601:607 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 20 theme extracellular 616:628 arg1 N-terminus 630:639 the extracellular N-terminus 612:639 the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5 612:654 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 21 link N-linked 517:524 arg1 sites 540:544 Four N-linked glycosylation sites 512:544 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) 512:579 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 21 link N-linked 517:524 arg1 Asn101 561:566 Asn101 561:566 Asn101 561:566 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 21 link N-linked 517:524 arg1 Asn108 573:578 Asn108 573:578 Asn108 573:578 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 21 link N-linked 517:524 arg1 Asn87 554:558 Asn87 554:558 Asn87 554:558 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 21 link N-linked 517:524 arg1 Asn43 547:551 Asn43 547:551 Asn43 547:551 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 22 theme mouse 644:648 arg1 Vstm5 650:654 mouse Vstm5 644:654 mouse Vstm5 644:654 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 0 23 theme Differential 0:11 arg1 effects 13:19 Differential effects 0:19 Differential effects of N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites on surface expression and filopodia formation 0:118 Differential effects of N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites on surface expression and filopodia formation. 28746350 8 24 theme important 1056:1064 arg1 roles 1066:1070 important roles 1056:1070 important roles 1056:1070 These results indicate that N-linked glycosylation at multiple sites plays important roles by differentially influencing the expression, targeting, and biological activity of Vstm5. 28746350 2 25 theme membrane 372:379 arg1 morphology 381:390 their membrane morphology 366:390 their membrane morphology 366:390 Vstm5 can modulate both the position and complexity of central neurons by altering their membrane morphology and dynamics. 28746350 0 26 theme N-linked 24:31 arg1 glycosylation 33:45 N-linked glycosylation 24:45 N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites 24:72 Differential effects of N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites on surface expression and filopodia formation. 28746350 7 27 theme Vstm5 916:920 arg1 expression 902:911 surface expression 894:911 surface expression of Vstm5 894:920 Glycosylation at individual sites not only played essential roles in surface expression of Vstm5 but also in the formation of neuronal dendritic filopodia. 28746350 3 28 theme glycosylation 457:469 arg1 significance 441:452 the significance 437:452 the significance of glycosylation in the expression and function of Vstm5 437:509 In this study, we investigated the significance of glycosylation in the expression and function of Vstm5. 28746350 8 29 dep expression 1106:1115 arg1 the 1102:1104 the 1102:1104 the 1102:1104 These results indicate that N-linked glycosylation at multiple sites plays important roles by differentially influencing the expression, targeting, and biological activity of Vstm5. 28746350 3 30 theme Vstm5 505:509 arg1 function 493:500 function 493:500 function 493:500 In this study, we investigated the significance of glycosylation in the expression and function of Vstm5. 28746350 3 30 theme Vstm5 505:509 arg1 expression 478:487 expression 478:487 expression 478:487 In this study, we investigated the significance of glycosylation in the expression and function of Vstm5. 28746350 4 31 from located 601:607 arg1 N-terminus 630:639 the extracellular N-terminus 612:639 the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5 612:654 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 1 32 theme characterized 190:202 arg1 glycoprotein 219:230 a newly characterized small membrane glycoprotein 182:230 a newly characterized small membrane glycoprotein 182:230 V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 (Vstm5), a newly characterized small membrane glycoprotein, can induce membrane protrusions in various cells. 28746350 1 32 theme characterized 190:202 arg1 V-set 121:125 V-set 121:125 V-set 121:125 V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 (Vstm5), a newly characterized small membrane glycoprotein, can induce membrane protrusions in various cells. 28746350 6 33 gly N-glycosylation 745:759 arg1 Vstm5 818:822 Vstm5 818:822 Vstm5 818:822 N-glycosylation at multiple sites affects differentially the function of Vstm5. 28746350 6 33 gly N-glycosylation 745:759 arg2 sites 773:777 multiple sites 764:777 multiple sites 764:777 N-glycosylation at multiple sites affects differentially the function of Vstm5. 28746350 6 33 gly N-glycosylation 745:759 arg1 sites 773:777 multiple sites 764:777 multiple sites 764:777 N-glycosylation at multiple sites affects differentially the function of Vstm5. 28746350 8 34 link N-linked 1009:1016 arg1 glycosylation 1018:1030 N-linked glycosylation 1009:1030 N-linked glycosylation at multiple sites 1009:1048 These results indicate that N-linked glycosylation at multiple sites plays important roles by differentially influencing the expression, targeting, and biological activity of Vstm5. 28746350 1 35 theme small 204:208 arg1 glycoprotein 219:230 a newly characterized small membrane glycoprotein 182:230 a newly characterized small membrane glycoprotein 182:230 V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 (Vstm5), a newly characterized small membrane glycoprotein, can induce membrane protrusions in various cells. 28746350 1 35 theme small 204:208 arg1 V-set 121:125 V-set 121:125 V-set 121:125 V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 (Vstm5), a newly characterized small membrane glycoprotein, can induce membrane protrusions in various cells. 28746350 0 36 theme glycosylation 33:45 arg1 effects 13:19 Differential effects 0:19 Differential effects of N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites on surface expression and filopodia formation 0:118 Differential effects of N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites on surface expression and filopodia formation. 28746350 4 37 theme glycosylation 526:538 arg1 sites 540:544 Four N-linked glycosylation sites 512:544 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) 512:579 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 37 theme glycosylation 526:538 arg1 Asn101 561:566 Asn101 561:566 Asn101 561:566 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 37 theme glycosylation 526:538 arg1 Asn108 573:578 Asn108 573:578 Asn108 573:578 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 37 theme glycosylation 526:538 arg1 Asn87 554:558 Asn87 554:558 Asn87 554:558 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 37 theme glycosylation 526:538 arg1 Asn43 547:551 Asn43 547:551 Asn43 547:551 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 0 38 from sites 68:72 arg1 effects 13:19 Differential effects 0:19 Differential effects of N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites on surface expression and filopodia formation 0:118 Differential effects of N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites on surface expression and filopodia formation. 28746350 0 38 from sites 68:72 arg1 glycosylation 33:45 N-linked glycosylation 24:45 N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites 24:72 Differential effects of N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites on surface expression and filopodia formation. 28746350 3 39 from significance 441:452 arg1 function 493:500 function 493:500 function 493:500 In this study, we investigated the significance of glycosylation in the expression and function of Vstm5. 28746350 3 39 from significance 441:452 arg1 expression 478:487 expression 478:487 expression 478:487 In this study, we investigated the significance of glycosylation in the expression and function of Vstm5. 28746350 1 40 theme membrane 210:217 arg1 glycoprotein 219:230 a newly characterized small membrane glycoprotein 182:230 a newly characterized small membrane glycoprotein 182:230 V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 (Vstm5), a newly characterized small membrane glycoprotein, can induce membrane protrusions in various cells. 28746350 1 40 theme membrane 210:217 arg1 V-set 121:125 V-set 121:125 V-set 121:125 V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 (Vstm5), a newly characterized small membrane glycoprotein, can induce membrane protrusions in various cells. 28746350 4 41 theme N-linked 517:524 arg1 sites 540:544 Four N-linked glycosylation sites 512:544 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) 512:579 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 41 theme N-linked 517:524 arg1 Asn101 561:566 Asn101 561:566 Asn101 561:566 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 41 theme N-linked 517:524 arg1 Asn108 573:578 Asn108 573:578 Asn108 573:578 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 41 theme N-linked 517:524 arg1 Asn87 554:558 Asn87 554:558 Asn87 554:558 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 41 theme N-linked 517:524 arg1 Asn43 547:551 Asn43 547:551 Asn43 547:551 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 2 42 theme central 338:344 arg1 neurons 346:352 central neurons 338:352 central neurons 338:352 Vstm5 can modulate both the position and complexity of central neurons by altering their membrane morphology and dynamics. 28746350 0 43 theme Vstm5 50:54 arg1 glycosylation 33:45 N-linked glycosylation 24:45 N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites 24:72 Differential effects of N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites on surface expression and filopodia formation. 28746350 6 44 theme Vstm5 818:822 arg1 function 806:813 the function 802:813 the function of Vstm5 802:822 N-glycosylation at multiple sites affects differentially the function of Vstm5. 28746350 7 45 theme surface 894:900 arg1 expression 902:911 surface expression 894:911 surface expression of Vstm5 894:920 Glycosylation at individual sites not only played essential roles in surface expression of Vstm5 but also in the formation of neuronal dendritic filopodia. 28746350 8 46 from sites 1044:1048 arg1 glycosylation 1018:1030 N-linked glycosylation 1009:1030 N-linked glycosylation at multiple sites 1009:1048 These results indicate that N-linked glycosylation at multiple sites plays important roles by differentially influencing the expression, targeting, and biological activity of Vstm5. 28746350 4 47 located located 601:607 arg2 sites 540:544 Four N-linked glycosylation sites 512:544 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) 512:579 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 47 located located 601:607 arg2 Asn101 561:566 Asn101 561:566 Asn101 561:566 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 47 located located 601:607 arg2 Asn108 573:578 Asn108 573:578 Asn108 573:578 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 47 located located 601:607 arg2 Asn43 547:551 Asn43 547:551 Asn43 547:551 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 47 located located 601:607 arg1 N-terminus 630:639 the extracellular N-terminus 612:639 the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5 612:654 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 47 located located 601:607 arg2 Asn87 554:558 Asn87 554:558 Asn87 554:558 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 0 48 gly glycosylation 33:45 arg1 Vstm5 50:54 Vstm5 50:54 Vstm5 50:54 Differential effects of N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites on surface expression and filopodia formation. 28746350 0 48 gly glycosylation 33:45 arg1 surface 77:83 surface expression 77:94 surface expression 77:94 Differential effects of N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites on surface expression and filopodia formation. 28746350 0 48 gly glycosylation 33:45 arg1 filopodia 100:108 filopodia formation 100:118 filopodia formation 100:118 Differential effects of N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites on surface expression and filopodia formation. 28746350 0 48 gly glycosylation 33:45 arg1 sites 68:72 multiple sites 59:72 multiple sites 59:72 Differential effects of N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites on surface expression and filopodia formation. 28746350 0 48 gly glycosylation 33:45 arg2 sites 68:72 multiple sites 59:72 multiple sites 59:72 Differential effects of N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites on surface expression and filopodia formation. 28746350 2 49 dep position 311:318 arg1 the 307:309 the 307:309 the 307:309 Vstm5 can modulate both the position and complexity of central neurons by altering their membrane morphology and dynamics. 28746350 8 50 gly glycosylation 1018:1030 arg2 sites 1044:1048 multiple sites 1035:1048 multiple sites 1035:1048 These results indicate that N-linked glycosylation at multiple sites plays important roles by differentially influencing the expression, targeting, and biological activity of Vstm5. 28746350 8 50 gly glycosylation 1018:1030 arg1 sites 1044:1048 multiple sites 1035:1048 multiple sites 1035:1048 These results indicate that N-linked glycosylation at multiple sites plays important roles by differentially influencing the expression, targeting, and biological activity of Vstm5. 28746350 7 51 theme filopodia 970:978 arg1 formation 938:946 the formation 934:946 the formation of neuronal dendritic filopodia 934:978 Glycosylation at individual sites not only played essential roles in surface expression of Vstm5 but also in the formation of neuronal dendritic filopodia. 28746350 1 52 theme transmembrane 131:143 arg1 protein 163:169 transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 131:171 transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 (Vstm5) 131:179 V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 (Vstm5), a newly characterized small membrane glycoprotein, can induce membrane protrusions in various cells. 28746350 1 52 theme transmembrane 131:143 arg1 Vstm5 174:178 Vstm5 174:178 Vstm5 174:178 V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 (Vstm5), a newly characterized small membrane glycoprotein, can induce membrane protrusions in various cells. 28746350 5 53 gly glycosylated 686:697 arg1 sites 675:679 all four sites 666:679 all four sites 666:679 Although all four sites were glycosylated, their functional roles may not be identical. 28746350 8 54 theme biological 1133:1142 arg1 activity 1144:1151 biological activity 1133:1151 biological activity 1133:1151 These results indicate that N-linked glycosylation at multiple sites plays important roles by differentially influencing the expression, targeting, and biological activity of Vstm5. 28746350 4 55 gly glycosylation 526:538 arg2 sites 540:544 Four N-linked glycosylation sites 512:544 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) 512:579 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 55 gly glycosylation 526:538 arg2 Four 512:515 Four 512:515 Four 512:515 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 55 gly glycosylation 526:538 arg2 Asn101 561:566 Asn101 561:566 Asn101 561:566 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 55 gly glycosylation 526:538 arg2 Asn108 573:578 Asn108 573:578 Asn108 573:578 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 55 gly glycosylation 526:538 arg2 Asn43 547:551 Asn43 547:551 Asn43 547:551 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 4 55 gly glycosylation 526:538 arg2 Asn87 554:558 Asn87 554:558 Asn87 554:558 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 28746350 1 56 theme domain-containing 145:161 arg1 protein 163:169 transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 131:171 transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 (Vstm5) 131:179 V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 (Vstm5), a newly characterized small membrane glycoprotein, can induce membrane protrusions in various cells. 28746350 1 56 theme domain-containing 145:161 arg1 Vstm5 174:178 Vstm5 174:178 Vstm5 174:178 V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 (Vstm5), a newly characterized small membrane glycoprotein, can induce membrane protrusions in various cells. 28746350 6 57 from sites 773:777 arg1 N-glycosylation 745:759 N-glycosylation 745:759 N-glycosylation at multiple sites 745:777 N-glycosylation at multiple sites affects differentially the function of Vstm5. 28746350 0 58 theme multiple 59:66 arg1 sites 68:72 multiple sites 59:72 multiple sites 59:72 Differential effects of N-linked glycosylation of Vstm5 at multiple sites on surface expression and filopodia formation. 28746350 7 59 from sites 853:857 arg1 Glycosylation 825:837 Glycosylation 825:837 Glycosylation at individual sites 825:857 Glycosylation at individual sites not only played essential roles in surface expression of Vstm5 but also in the formation of neuronal dendritic filopodia. 28746350 7 60 theme neuronal 951:958 arg1 filopodia 970:978 neuronal dendritic filopodia 951:978 neuronal dendritic filopodia 951:978 Glycosylation at individual sites not only played essential roles in surface expression of Vstm5 but also in the formation of neuronal dendritic filopodia. 28746350 4 61 theme Vstm5 650:654 arg1 N-terminus 630:639 the extracellular N-terminus 612:639 the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5 612:654 Four N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn43, Asn87, Asn101, and Asn108) are predicted to be located in the extracellular N-terminus of mouse Vstm5. 25504159 0 0 theme hemagglutinin 63:75 arg1 virulence 85:93 the virulence 81:93 the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice 81:131 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 25504159 0 0 theme hemagglutinin 63:75 arg1 head 55:58 the head 51:58 the head of hemagglutinin 51:75 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 25504159 2 1 theme viral 460:464 arg1 preference 483:492 viral receptor-binding preference 460:492 viral receptor-binding preference 460:492 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 of highly pathogenic H5N1 virus was previously shown to affect viral receptor-binding preference. 25504159 1 2 link N-linked 134:141 arg1 glycosylation 143:155 N-linked glycosylation 134:155 N-linked glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein 134:205 N-linked glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein plays crucial roles in HA structure and function, evasion of neutralizing antibodies, and susceptibility to innate soluble antiviral factors. 25504159 1 3 gly glycosylation 143:155 arg1 protein 199:205 the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein 160:205 the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein 160:205 N-linked glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein plays crucial roles in HA structure and function, evasion of neutralizing antibodies, and susceptibility to innate soluble antiviral factors. 25504159 1 4 theme N-linked 134:141 arg1 glycosylation 143:155 N-linked glycosylation 134:155 N-linked glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein 134:205 N-linked glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein plays crucial roles in HA structure and function, evasion of neutralizing antibodies, and susceptibility to innate soluble antiviral factors. 25504159 6 5 gly glycosylation 860:872 arg2 site 874:877 the glycosylation site 856:877 the glycosylation site 856:877 The mutant lacking the glycosylation site at position 158 showed unaltered growth kinetics in vitro and a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D). 25504159 1 6 theme innate 315:320 arg1 factors 340:346 innate soluble antiviral factors 315:346 innate soluble antiviral factors 315:346 N-linked glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein plays crucial roles in HA structure and function, evasion of neutralizing antibodies, and susceptibility to innate soluble antiviral factors. 25504159 3 7 theme glycosylation 564:576 arg1 site 578:581 this glycosylation site 559:581 this glycosylation site 559:581 H5N1 viruses show heterogeneity with respect to the presence of this glycosylation site. 25504159 0 8 from mice 128:131 arg1 virulence 85:93 the virulence 81:93 the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice 81:131 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 25504159 0 8 from mice 128:131 arg1 head 55:58 the head 51:58 the head of hemagglutinin 51:75 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 25504159 1 9 theme soluble 322:328 arg1 factors 340:346 innate soluble antiviral factors 315:346 innate soluble antiviral factors 315:346 N-linked glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein plays crucial roles in HA structure and function, evasion of neutralizing antibodies, and susceptibility to innate soluble antiviral factors. 25504159 0 10 link N-linked 4:11 arg1 site 27:30 The N-linked glycosylation site 0:30 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 0:132 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 25504159 4 11 theme clade 727:731 arg1 viruses 735:741 the more recent clade 2 viruses 711:741 the more recent clade 2 viruses 711:741 Clade 1 viruses that caused outbreaks in Southeast Asia in 2004 contained this glycosylation site, while the site is absent in the more recent clade 2 viruses. 25504159 1 12 theme antiviral 330:338 arg1 factors 340:346 innate soluble antiviral factors 315:346 innate soluble antiviral factors 315:346 N-linked glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein plays crucial roles in HA structure and function, evasion of neutralizing antibodies, and susceptibility to innate soluble antiviral factors. 25504159 2 13 gly glycosylation 362:374 arg2 position 384:391 position 158 384:395 position 158 of highly pathogenic H5N1 virus 384:427 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 of highly pathogenic H5N1 virus was previously shown to affect viral receptor-binding preference. 25504159 2 13 gly glycosylation 362:374 arg2 site 376:379 The N-linked glycosylation site 349:379 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 of highly pathogenic H5N1 virus 349:427 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 of highly pathogenic H5N1 virus was previously shown to affect viral receptor-binding preference. 25504159 5 14 theme site 797:800 arg1 elimination 763:773 elimination 763:773 elimination of this glycosylation site 763:800 Here, we show that elimination of this glycosylation site increases viral virulence in mice. 25504159 6 15 theme surfactant 1037:1046 arg1 SP-D 1059:1062 SP-D 1059:1062 SP-D 1059:1062 The mutant lacking the glycosylation site at position 158 showed unaltered growth kinetics in vitro and a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D). 25504159 6 15 theme surfactant 1037:1046 arg1 D 1056:1056 surfactant protein D 1037:1056 surfactant protein D (SP-D) 1037:1063 The mutant lacking the glycosylation site at position 158 showed unaltered growth kinetics in vitro and a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D). 25504159 6 15 theme surfactant 1037:1046 arg1 protein 996:1002 a major antiviral protein 978:1002 a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions 978:1034 The mutant lacking the glycosylation site at position 158 showed unaltered growth kinetics in vitro and a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D). 25504159 6 16 theme antiviral 986:994 arg1 protein 996:1002 a major antiviral protein 978:1002 a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions 978:1034 The mutant lacking the glycosylation site at position 158 showed unaltered growth kinetics in vitro and a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D). 25504159 6 16 theme antiviral 986:994 arg1 D 1056:1056 surfactant protein D 1037:1056 surfactant protein D (SP-D) 1037:1063 The mutant lacking the glycosylation site at position 158 showed unaltered growth kinetics in vitro and a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D). 25504159 0 17 from position 35:42 arg1 site 27:30 The N-linked glycosylation site 0:30 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 0:132 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 25504159 5 18 gly glycosylation 783:795 arg2 site 797:800 this glycosylation site 778:800 this glycosylation site 778:800 Here, we show that elimination of this glycosylation site increases viral virulence in mice. 25504159 6 19 theme protein 1048:1054 arg1 SP-D 1059:1062 SP-D 1059:1062 SP-D 1059:1062 The mutant lacking the glycosylation site at position 158 showed unaltered growth kinetics in vitro and a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D). 25504159 6 19 theme protein 1048:1054 arg1 D 1056:1056 surfactant protein D 1037:1056 surfactant protein D (SP-D) 1037:1063 The mutant lacking the glycosylation site at position 158 showed unaltered growth kinetics in vitro and a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D). 25504159 6 19 theme protein 1048:1054 arg1 protein 996:1002 a major antiviral protein 978:1002 a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions 978:1034 The mutant lacking the glycosylation site at position 158 showed unaltered growth kinetics in vitro and a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D). 25504159 2 20 theme glycosylation 362:374 arg1 site 376:379 The N-linked glycosylation site 349:379 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 of highly pathogenic H5N1 virus 349:427 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 of highly pathogenic H5N1 virus was previously shown to affect viral receptor-binding preference. 25504159 0 21 theme N-linked 4:11 arg1 site 27:30 The N-linked glycosylation site 0:30 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 0:132 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 25504159 2 22 theme N-linked 353:360 arg1 site 376:379 The N-linked glycosylation site 349:379 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 of highly pathogenic H5N1 virus 349:427 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 of highly pathogenic H5N1 virus was previously shown to affect viral receptor-binding preference. 25504159 2 23 theme H5N1 418:421 arg1 virus 423:427 highly pathogenic H5N1 virus 400:427 highly pathogenic H5N1 virus 400:427 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 of highly pathogenic H5N1 virus was previously shown to affect viral receptor-binding preference. 25504159 1 24 theme influenza 164:172 arg1 hemagglutinin 180:192 influenza virus hemagglutinin 164:192 the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein 160:205 N-linked glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein plays crucial roles in HA structure and function, evasion of neutralizing antibodies, and susceptibility to innate soluble antiviral factors. 25504159 1 24 theme influenza 164:172 arg1 HA 195:196 HA 195:196 HA 195:196 N-linked glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein plays crucial roles in HA structure and function, evasion of neutralizing antibodies, and susceptibility to innate soluble antiviral factors. 25504159 2 25 theme pathogenic 407:416 arg1 virus 423:427 highly pathogenic H5N1 virus 400:427 highly pathogenic H5N1 virus 400:427 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 of highly pathogenic H5N1 virus was previously shown to affect viral receptor-binding preference. 25504159 0 26 theme avian 103:107 arg1 virus 119:123 H5N1 avian influenza virus 98:123 H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice 98:131 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 25504159 4 27 theme recent 720:725 arg1 viruses 735:741 the more recent clade 2 viruses 711:741 the more recent clade 2 viruses 711:741 Clade 1 viruses that caused outbreaks in Southeast Asia in 2004 contained this glycosylation site, while the site is absent in the more recent clade 2 viruses. 25504159 1 28 theme virus 174:178 arg1 hemagglutinin 180:192 influenza virus hemagglutinin 164:192 the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein 160:205 N-linked glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein plays crucial roles in HA structure and function, evasion of neutralizing antibodies, and susceptibility to innate soluble antiviral factors. 25504159 1 28 theme virus 174:178 arg1 HA 195:196 HA 195:196 HA 195:196 N-linked glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein plays crucial roles in HA structure and function, evasion of neutralizing antibodies, and susceptibility to innate soluble antiviral factors. 25504159 0 29 theme glycosylation 13:25 arg1 site 27:30 The N-linked glycosylation site 0:30 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 0:132 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 25504159 0 30 theme H5N1 98:101 arg1 virus 119:123 H5N1 avian influenza virus 98:123 H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice 98:131 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 25504159 2 31 link N-linked 353:360 arg1 site 376:379 The N-linked glycosylation site 349:379 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 of highly pathogenic H5N1 virus 349:427 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 of highly pathogenic H5N1 virus was previously shown to affect viral receptor-binding preference. 25504159 3 32 theme H5N1 495:498 arg1 viruses 500:506 H5N1 viruses 495:506 H5N1 viruses 495:506 H5N1 viruses show heterogeneity with respect to the presence of this glycosylation site. 25504159 1 33 theme hemagglutinin 180:192 arg1 protein 199:205 the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein 160:205 the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein 160:205 N-linked glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein plays crucial roles in HA structure and function, evasion of neutralizing antibodies, and susceptibility to innate soluble antiviral factors. 25504159 0 34 theme virus 119:123 arg1 virulence 85:93 the virulence 81:93 the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice 81:131 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 25504159 0 34 theme virus 119:123 arg1 head 55:58 the head 51:58 the head of hemagglutinin 51:75 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 25504159 6 35 theme respiratory 1013:1023 arg1 secretions 1025:1034 respiratory secretions 1013:1034 respiratory secretions 1013:1034 The mutant lacking the glycosylation site at position 158 showed unaltered growth kinetics in vitro and a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D). 25504159 6 36 theme major 980:984 arg1 protein 996:1002 a major antiviral protein 978:1002 a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions 978:1034 The mutant lacking the glycosylation site at position 158 showed unaltered growth kinetics in vitro and a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D). 25504159 6 36 theme major 980:984 arg1 D 1056:1056 surfactant protein D 1037:1056 surfactant protein D (SP-D) 1037:1063 The mutant lacking the glycosylation site at position 158 showed unaltered growth kinetics in vitro and a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D). 25504159 6 37 theme growth 912:917 arg1 kinetics 919:926 unaltered growth kinetics 902:926 unaltered growth kinetics in vitro 902:935 The mutant lacking the glycosylation site at position 158 showed unaltered growth kinetics in vitro and a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D). 25504159 0 38 theme influenza 109:117 arg1 virus 119:123 H5N1 avian influenza virus 98:123 H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice 98:131 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 25504159 0 39 from head 55:58 arg1 mice 128:131 mice 128:131 mice 128:131 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 25504159 3 40 gly glycosylation 564:576 arg2 site 578:581 this glycosylation site 559:581 this glycosylation site 559:581 H5N1 viruses show heterogeneity with respect to the presence of this glycosylation site. 25504159 1 41 theme neutralizing 268:279 arg1 antibodies 281:290 neutralizing antibodies 268:290 neutralizing antibodies 268:290 N-linked glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein plays crucial roles in HA structure and function, evasion of neutralizing antibodies, and susceptibility to innate soluble antiviral factors. 25504159 4 42 gly glycosylation 663:675 arg2 site 677:680 this glycosylation site 658:680 this glycosylation site 658:680 Clade 1 viruses that caused outbreaks in Southeast Asia in 2004 contained this glycosylation site, while the site is absent in the more recent clade 2 viruses. 25504159 2 43 theme receptor-binding 466:481 arg1 preference 483:492 viral receptor-binding preference 460:492 viral receptor-binding preference 460:492 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 of highly pathogenic H5N1 virus was previously shown to affect viral receptor-binding preference. 25504159 0 44 gly glycosylation 13:25 arg2 position 35:42 position 158 35:46 position 158 35:46 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 25504159 0 44 gly glycosylation 13:25 arg2 site 27:30 The N-linked glycosylation site 0:30 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 0:132 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 25504159 4 45 theme Clade 584:588 arg1 viruses 592:598 Clade 1 viruses 584:598 Clade 1 viruses that caused outbreaks in Southeast Asia in 2004 584:646 Clade 1 viruses that caused outbreaks in Southeast Asia in 2004 contained this glycosylation site, while the site is absent in the more recent clade 2 viruses. 25504159 6 46 theme glycosylation 860:872 arg1 site 874:877 the glycosylation site 856:877 the glycosylation site 856:877 The mutant lacking the glycosylation site at position 158 showed unaltered growth kinetics in vitro and a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D). 25504159 1 47 theme antibodies 281:290 arg1 function 247:254 function 247:254 function 247:254 N-linked glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein plays crucial roles in HA structure and function, evasion of neutralizing antibodies, and susceptibility to innate soluble antiviral factors. 25504159 1 47 theme antibodies 281:290 arg1 evasion 257:263 evasion 257:263 evasion of neutralizing antibodies 257:290 N-linked glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein plays crucial roles in HA structure and function, evasion of neutralizing antibodies, and susceptibility to innate soluble antiviral factors. 25504159 1 47 theme antibodies 281:290 arg1 susceptibility 297:310 susceptibility 297:310 susceptibility to innate soluble antiviral factors 297:346 N-linked glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein plays crucial roles in HA structure and function, evasion of neutralizing antibodies, and susceptibility to innate soluble antiviral factors. 25504159 1 47 theme antibodies 281:290 arg1 structure 233:241 HA structure 230:241 HA structure 230:241 N-linked glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein plays crucial roles in HA structure and function, evasion of neutralizing antibodies, and susceptibility to innate soluble antiviral factors. 25504159 6 48 located found 1004:1008 arg1 secretions 1025:1034 respiratory secretions 1013:1034 respiratory secretions 1013:1034 The mutant lacking the glycosylation site at position 158 showed unaltered growth kinetics in vitro and a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D). 25504159 6 48 located found 1004:1008 arg2 D 1056:1056 surfactant protein D 1037:1056 surfactant protein D (SP-D) 1037:1063 The mutant lacking the glycosylation site at position 158 showed unaltered growth kinetics in vitro and a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D). 25504159 6 48 located found 1004:1008 arg2 protein 996:1002 a major antiviral protein 978:1002 a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions 978:1034 The mutant lacking the glycosylation site at position 158 showed unaltered growth kinetics in vitro and a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D). 25504159 4 49 contain contained 648:656 arg1 viruses 592:598 Clade 1 viruses 584:598 Clade 1 viruses that caused outbreaks in Southeast Asia in 2004 584:646 Clade 1 viruses that caused outbreaks in Southeast Asia in 2004 contained this glycosylation site, while the site is absent in the more recent clade 2 viruses. 25504159 4 49 contain contained 648:656 arg2 site 677:680 this glycosylation site 658:680 this glycosylation site 658:680 Clade 1 viruses that caused outbreaks in Southeast Asia in 2004 contained this glycosylation site, while the site is absent in the more recent clade 2 viruses. 25504159 3 50 theme site 578:581 arg1 presence 547:554 the presence 543:554 the presence of this glycosylation site 543:581 H5N1 viruses show heterogeneity with respect to the presence of this glycosylation site. 25504159 4 51 from absent 701:706 arg1 viruses 735:741 the more recent clade 2 viruses 711:741 the more recent clade 2 viruses 711:741 Clade 1 viruses that caused outbreaks in Southeast Asia in 2004 contained this glycosylation site, while the site is absent in the more recent clade 2 viruses. 25504159 0 52 from virulence 85:93 arg1 mice 128:131 mice 128:131 mice 128:131 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 25504159 4 53 from viruses 735:741 arg1 site 693:696 the site 689:696 the site 689:696 Clade 1 viruses that caused outbreaks in Southeast Asia in 2004 contained this glycosylation site, while the site is absent in the more recent clade 2 viruses. 25504159 4 53 from viruses 735:741 arg1 absent 701:706 absent 701:706 absent 701:706 Clade 1 viruses that caused outbreaks in Southeast Asia in 2004 contained this glycosylation site, while the site is absent in the more recent clade 2 viruses. 25504159 0 54 from virus 119:123 arg1 mice 128:131 mice 128:131 mice 128:131 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 25504159 6 55 theme comparable 943:952 arg1 level 954:958 a comparable level 941:958 a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D) 941:1063 The mutant lacking the glycosylation site at position 158 showed unaltered growth kinetics in vitro and a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D). 25504159 2 56 from position 384:391 arg1 site 376:379 The N-linked glycosylation site 349:379 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 of highly pathogenic H5N1 virus 349:427 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 of highly pathogenic H5N1 virus was previously shown to affect viral receptor-binding preference. 25504159 4 57 theme glycosylation 663:675 arg1 site 677:680 this glycosylation site 658:680 this glycosylation site 658:680 Clade 1 viruses that caused outbreaks in Southeast Asia in 2004 contained this glycosylation site, while the site is absent in the more recent clade 2 viruses. 25504159 1 58 theme protein 199:205 arg1 glycosylation 143:155 N-linked glycosylation 134:155 N-linked glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein 134:205 N-linked glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein plays crucial roles in HA structure and function, evasion of neutralizing antibodies, and susceptibility to innate soluble antiviral factors. 25504159 5 59 theme viral 812:816 arg1 virulence 818:826 viral virulence 812:826 viral virulence in mice 812:834 Here, we show that elimination of this glycosylation site increases viral virulence in mice. 25504159 5 60 theme glycosylation 783:795 arg1 site 797:800 this glycosylation site 778:800 this glycosylation site 778:800 Here, we show that elimination of this glycosylation site increases viral virulence in mice. 25504159 1 61 theme HA 230:231 arg1 structure 233:241 HA structure 230:241 HA structure 230:241 N-linked glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein plays crucial roles in HA structure and function, evasion of neutralizing antibodies, and susceptibility to innate soluble antiviral factors. 25504159 0 62 from site 27:30 arg1 virulence 85:93 the virulence 81:93 the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice 81:131 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 25504159 0 62 from site 27:30 arg1 head 55:58 the head 51:58 the head of hemagglutinin 51:75 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 on the head of hemagglutinin and the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. 25504159 6 63 theme sensitivity 963:973 arg1 level 954:958 a comparable level 941:958 a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D) 941:1063 The mutant lacking the glycosylation site at position 158 showed unaltered growth kinetics in vitro and a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D). 25504159 6 63 theme sensitivity 963:973 arg1 kinetics 919:926 unaltered growth kinetics 902:926 unaltered growth kinetics in vitro 902:935 The mutant lacking the glycosylation site at position 158 showed unaltered growth kinetics in vitro and a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D). 25504159 5 64 from virulence 818:826 arg1 mice 831:834 mice 831:834 mice 831:834 Here, we show that elimination of this glycosylation site increases viral virulence in mice. 25504159 2 65 theme virus 423:427 arg1 position 384:391 position 158 384:395 position 158 of highly pathogenic H5N1 virus 384:427 The N-linked glycosylation site at position 158 of highly pathogenic H5N1 virus was previously shown to affect viral receptor-binding preference. 25504159 6 66 theme unaltered 902:910 arg1 kinetics 919:926 unaltered growth kinetics 902:926 unaltered growth kinetics in vitro 902:935 The mutant lacking the glycosylation site at position 158 showed unaltered growth kinetics in vitro and a comparable level of sensitivity to a major antiviral protein found in respiratory secretions, surfactant protein D (SP-D). 25504159 1 67 theme crucial 213:219 arg1 roles 221:225 crucial roles 213:225 crucial roles 213:225 N-linked glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein plays crucial roles in HA structure and function, evasion of neutralizing antibodies, and susceptibility to innate soluble antiviral factors. 27268051 1 0 gly Glycosylation 76:88 arg1 receptor 103:110 the Notch receptor 93:110 the Notch receptor 93:110 Glycosylation of the Notch receptor is essential for its activity and serves as an important modulator of signaling. 27268051 6 1 theme β3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 914:947 arg1 Fringe 949:954 the β3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Fringe 910:954 the β3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Fringe with Notch 910:965 Upon expression of the β3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Fringe with Notch, we observed varying degrees of elongation beyond O-fucose monosaccharide, indicating that Fringe preferentially modifies certain sites more than others. 27268051 4 2 theme semiquantitative 699:714 arg1 methods 730:736 semiquantitative mass spectral methods 699:736 semiquantitative mass spectral methods 699:736 Using semiquantitative mass spectral methods, we have evaluated the occupancy and relative amounts of glycans at each site. 27268051 4 3 theme relative 775:782 arg1 glycans 795:801 glycans 795:801 glycans at each site 795:814 Using semiquantitative mass spectral methods, we have evaluated the occupancy and relative amounts of glycans at each site. 27268051 4 3 theme relative 775:782 arg1 amounts 784:790 relative amounts 775:790 relative amounts of glycans at each site 775:814 Using semiquantitative mass spectral methods, we have evaluated the occupancy and relative amounts of glycans at each site. 27268051 8 4 theme putative 1253:1260 arg1 sequence 1272:1279 the current putative consensus sequence 1241:1279 the current putative consensus sequence for O-GlcNAcylation 1241:1299 Although the current putative consensus sequence for O-GlcNAcylation predicts 18 O-GlcNAc sites on Notch, we only observed apparent O-GlcNAc modification at five sites. 27268051 0 5 from Sites 8:12 arg1 Notch 69:73 Drosophila Notch 58:73 Drosophila Notch 58:73 Mapping Sites of O-Glycosylation and Fringe Elongation on Drosophila Notch. 27268051 4 6 from amounts 784:790 arg1 site 811:814 each site 806:814 each site 806:814 Using semiquantitative mass spectral methods, we have evaluated the occupancy and relative amounts of glycans at each site. 27268051 3 7 theme Drosophila 517:526 arg1 Notch 528:532 Drosophila Notch 517:532 Drosophila Notch produced in S2 cells 517:553 We have performed comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation on Drosophila Notch produced in S2 cells and identified peptides containing all 22 predicted O-fucose sites, all 18 predicted O-glucose sites, and all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites. 27268051 2 8 from repeats 312:318 arg1 domain 341:346 the extracellular domain 323:346 the extracellular domain of the receptor 323:362 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 2 8 from repeats 312:318 arg1 receptor 355:362 the receptor 351:362 the receptor 351:362 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 6 9 theme O-fucose 1017:1024 arg1 monosaccharide 1026:1039 O-fucose monosaccharide 1017:1039 O-fucose monosaccharide 1017:1039 Upon expression of the β3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Fringe with Notch, we observed varying degrees of elongation beyond O-fucose monosaccharide, indicating that Fringe preferentially modifies certain sites more than others. 27268051 10 10 theme future 1643:1648 arg1 studies 1650:1656 future studies 1643:1656 future studies investigating the mechanisms of how O-glycosylation regulates Notch activity 1643:1733 These data provide foundational information for future studies investigating the mechanisms of how O-glycosylation regulates Notch activity. 27268051 9 11 from cells 1588:1592 arg1 Notch 1574:1578 Notch 1574:1578 Notch from S2 cells 1574:1592 In addition, we performed mass spectral analysis on endogenous Notch purified from Drosophila embryos and found that the glycosylation states were similar to those found on Notch from S2 cells. 27268051 2 12 theme epidermal 283:291 arg1 O-glucosylation 381:395 O-glucosylation 381:395 O-glucosylation 381:395 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 2 12 theme epidermal 283:291 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 402:416 O-GlcNAcylation 402:416 O-GlcNAcylation 402:416 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 2 12 theme epidermal 283:291 arg1 O-fucosylation 365:378 O-fucosylation 365:378 O-fucosylation 365:378 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 2 12 theme epidermal 283:291 arg1 repeats 312:318 the epidermal growth factor-like repeats 279:318 the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation 279:416 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 9 13 theme Drosophila 1484:1493 arg1 embryos 1495:1501 Drosophila embryos 1484:1501 Drosophila embryos 1484:1501 In addition, we performed mass spectral analysis on endogenous Notch purified from Drosophila embryos and found that the glycosylation states were similar to those found on Notch from S2 cells. 27268051 7 14 theme high 1154:1157 arg1 stoichiometries 1159:1173 high stoichiometries 1154:1173 high stoichiometries 1154:1173 Rumi modified O-glucose sites to high stoichiometries, although elongation of the O-glucose was site-specific. 27268051 9 15 theme S2 1585:1586 arg1 cells 1588:1592 S2 cells 1585:1592 S2 cells 1585:1592 In addition, we performed mass spectral analysis on endogenous Notch purified from Drosophila embryos and found that the glycosylation states were similar to those found on Notch from S2 cells. 27268051 6 16 theme elongation 999:1008 arg1 degrees 988:994 varying degrees 980:994 varying degrees of elongation 980:1008 Upon expression of the β3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Fringe with Notch, we observed varying degrees of elongation beyond O-fucose monosaccharide, indicating that Fringe preferentially modifies certain sites more than others. 27268051 9 17 theme endogenous 1453:1462 arg1 Notch 1464:1468 endogenous Notch 1453:1468 endogenous Notch purified from Drosophila embryos 1453:1501 In addition, we performed mass spectral analysis on endogenous Notch purified from Drosophila embryos and found that the glycosylation states were similar to those found on Notch from S2 cells. 27268051 7 18 theme O-glucose 1135:1143 arg1 sites 1145:1149 O-glucose sites 1135:1149 O-glucose sites 1135:1149 Rumi modified O-glucose sites to high stoichiometries, although elongation of the O-glucose was site-specific. 27268051 4 19 from occupancy 761:769 arg1 site 811:814 each site 806:814 each site 806:814 Using semiquantitative mass spectral methods, we have evaluated the occupancy and relative amounts of glycans at each site. 27268051 3 20 theme comprehensive 437:449 arg1 analyses 465:472 comprehensive mass spectral analyses 437:472 comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation 437:512 We have performed comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation on Drosophila Notch produced in S2 cells and identified peptides containing all 22 predicted O-fucose sites, all 18 predicted O-glucose sites, and all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites. 27268051 10 21 theme foundational 1614:1625 arg1 information 1627:1637 foundational information 1614:1637 foundational information for future studies investigating the mechanisms of how O-glycosylation regulates Notch activity 1614:1733 These data provide foundational information for future studies investigating the mechanisms of how O-glycosylation regulates Notch activity. 27268051 2 22 theme consensus 256:264 arg1 sites 266:270 consensus sites 256:270 consensus sites 256:270 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 1 23 theme important 159:167 arg1 modulator 169:177 an important modulator 156:177 an important modulator of signaling 156:190 Glycosylation of the Notch receptor is essential for its activity and serves as an important modulator of signaling. 27268051 1 23 theme important 159:167 arg1 Glycosylation 76:88 Glycosylation 76:88 Glycosylation of the Notch receptor 76:110 Glycosylation of the Notch receptor is essential for its activity and serves as an important modulator of signaling. 27268051 8 24 theme O-GlcNAc 1313:1320 arg1 sites 1322:1326 18 O-GlcNAc sites 1310:1326 18 O-GlcNAc sites on Notch 1310:1335 Although the current putative consensus sequence for O-GlcNAcylation predicts 18 O-GlcNAc sites on Notch, we only observed apparent O-GlcNAc modification at five sites. 27268051 2 25 theme factor-like 300:310 arg1 O-glucosylation 381:395 O-glucosylation 381:395 O-glucosylation 381:395 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 2 25 theme factor-like 300:310 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 402:416 O-GlcNAcylation 402:416 O-GlcNAcylation 402:416 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 2 25 theme factor-like 300:310 arg1 O-fucosylation 365:378 O-fucosylation 365:378 O-fucosylation 365:378 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 2 25 theme factor-like 300:310 arg1 repeats 312:318 the epidermal growth factor-like repeats 279:318 the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation 279:416 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 3 26 dep sites 616:620 arg1 all 590:592 all 590:592 all 590:592 We have performed comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation on Drosophila Notch produced in S2 cells and identified peptides containing all 22 predicted O-fucose sites, all 18 predicted O-glucose sites, and all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites. 27268051 0 27 theme O-Glycosylation 17:31 arg1 Fringe 37:42 Fringe 37:42 Fringe 37:42 Mapping Sites of O-Glycosylation and Fringe Elongation on Drosophila Notch. 27268051 0 27 theme O-Glycosylation 17:31 arg1 O-Glycosylation 17:31 O-Glycosylation 17:31 O-Glycosylation 17:31 Mapping Sites of O-Glycosylation and Fringe Elongation on Drosophila Notch. 27268051 0 27 theme O-Glycosylation 17:31 arg1 Sites 8:12 Sites 8:12 Sites of O-Glycosylation and Fringe Elongation on Drosophila Notch 8:73 Mapping Sites of O-Glycosylation and Fringe Elongation on Drosophila Notch. 27268051 8 28 theme O-GlcNAc 1364:1371 arg1 modification 1373:1384 apparent O-GlcNAc modification 1355:1384 apparent O-GlcNAc modification 1355:1384 Although the current putative consensus sequence for O-GlcNAcylation predicts 18 O-GlcNAc sites on Notch, we only observed apparent O-GlcNAc modification at five sites. 27268051 8 29 theme apparent 1355:1362 arg1 modification 1373:1384 apparent O-GlcNAc modification 1355:1384 apparent O-GlcNAc modification 1355:1384 Although the current putative consensus sequence for O-GlcNAcylation predicts 18 O-GlcNAc sites on Notch, we only observed apparent O-GlcNAc modification at five sites. 27268051 2 30 theme growth 293:298 arg1 O-glucosylation 381:395 O-glucosylation 381:395 O-glucosylation 381:395 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 2 30 theme growth 293:298 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 402:416 O-GlcNAcylation 402:416 O-GlcNAcylation 402:416 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 2 30 theme growth 293:298 arg1 O-fucosylation 365:378 O-fucosylation 365:378 O-fucosylation 365:378 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 2 30 theme growth 293:298 arg1 repeats 312:318 the epidermal growth factor-like repeats 279:318 the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation 279:416 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 9 31 theme spectral 1432:1439 arg1 analysis 1441:1448 mass spectral analysis 1427:1448 mass spectral analysis 1427:1448 In addition, we performed mass spectral analysis on endogenous Notch purified from Drosophila embryos and found that the glycosylation states were similar to those found on Notch from S2 cells. 27268051 1 32 theme signaling 182:190 arg1 modulator 169:177 an important modulator 156:177 an important modulator of signaling 156:190 Glycosylation of the Notch receptor is essential for its activity and serves as an important modulator of signaling. 27268051 1 32 theme signaling 182:190 arg1 Glycosylation 76:88 Glycosylation 76:88 Glycosylation of the Notch receptor 76:110 Glycosylation of the Notch receptor is essential for its activity and serves as an important modulator of signaling. 27268051 8 33 theme current 1245:1251 arg1 sequence 1272:1279 the current putative consensus sequence 1241:1279 the current putative consensus sequence for O-GlcNAcylation 1241:1299 Although the current putative consensus sequence for O-GlcNAcylation predicts 18 O-GlcNAc sites on Notch, we only observed apparent O-GlcNAc modification at five sites. 27268051 6 34 theme varying 980:986 arg1 degrees 988:994 varying degrees 980:994 varying degrees of elongation 980:1008 Upon expression of the β3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Fringe with Notch, we observed varying degrees of elongation beyond O-fucose monosaccharide, indicating that Fringe preferentially modifies certain sites more than others. 27268051 1 35 theme receptor 103:110 arg1 modulator 169:177 an important modulator 156:177 an important modulator of signaling 156:190 Glycosylation of the Notch receptor is essential for its activity and serves as an important modulator of signaling. 27268051 1 35 theme receptor 103:110 arg1 Glycosylation 76:88 Glycosylation 76:88 Glycosylation of the Notch receptor 76:110 Glycosylation of the Notch receptor is essential for its activity and serves as an important modulator of signaling. 27268051 6 36 theme certain 1089:1095 arg1 sites 1097:1101 certain sites 1089:1101 certain sites more than others 1089:1118 Upon expression of the β3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Fringe with Notch, we observed varying degrees of elongation beyond O-fucose monosaccharide, indicating that Fringe preferentially modifies certain sites more than others. 27268051 0 37 theme Fringe 37:42 arg1 Fringe 37:42 Fringe 37:42 Fringe 37:42 Mapping Sites of O-Glycosylation and Fringe Elongation on Drosophila Notch. 27268051 0 37 theme Fringe 37:42 arg1 O-Glycosylation 17:31 O-Glycosylation 17:31 O-Glycosylation 17:31 Mapping Sites of O-Glycosylation and Fringe Elongation on Drosophila Notch. 27268051 0 37 theme Fringe 37:42 arg1 Sites 8:12 Sites 8:12 Sites of O-Glycosylation and Fringe Elongation on Drosophila Notch 8:73 Mapping Sites of O-Glycosylation and Fringe Elongation on Drosophila Notch. 27268051 3 38 contain containing 579:588 arg1 peptides 570:577 peptides 570:577 peptides containing all 22 predicted O-fucose sites, all 18 predicted O-glucose sites, and all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites 570:690 We have performed comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation on Drosophila Notch produced in S2 cells and identified peptides containing all 22 predicted O-fucose sites, all 18 predicted O-glucose sites, and all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites. 27268051 3 38 contain containing 579:588 arg2 sites 616:620 predicted O-fucose sites 597:620 predicted O-fucose sites 597:620 We have performed comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation on Drosophila Notch produced in S2 cells and identified peptides containing all 22 predicted O-fucose sites, all 18 predicted O-glucose sites, and all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites. 27268051 3 38 contain containing 579:588 arg2 sites 650:654 all 18 predicted O-glucose sites 623:654 all 18 predicted O-glucose sites 623:654 We have performed comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation on Drosophila Notch produced in S2 cells and identified peptides containing all 22 predicted O-fucose sites, all 18 predicted O-glucose sites, and all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites. 27268051 3 38 contain containing 579:588 arg2 sites 686:690 all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites 661:690 all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites 661:690 We have performed comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation on Drosophila Notch produced in S2 cells and identified peptides containing all 22 predicted O-fucose sites, all 18 predicted O-glucose sites, and all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites. 27268051 5 39 theme O-fucose 837:844 arg1 sites 846:850 the O-fucose sites 833:850 the O-fucose sites 833:850 The majority of the O-fucose sites were modified to high stoichiometries. 27268051 3 40 theme O-fucose 607:614 arg1 sites 616:620 predicted O-fucose sites 597:620 predicted O-fucose sites 597:620 We have performed comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation on Drosophila Notch produced in S2 cells and identified peptides containing all 22 predicted O-fucose sites, all 18 predicted O-glucose sites, and all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites. 27268051 5 41 theme high 869:872 arg1 stoichiometries 874:888 high stoichiometries 869:888 high stoichiometries 869:888 The majority of the O-fucose sites were modified to high stoichiometries. 27268051 3 42 theme spectral 456:463 arg1 analyses 465:472 comprehensive mass spectral analyses 437:472 comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation 437:512 We have performed comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation on Drosophila Notch produced in S2 cells and identified peptides containing all 22 predicted O-fucose sites, all 18 predicted O-glucose sites, and all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites. 27268051 8 43 theme consensus 1262:1270 arg1 sequence 1272:1279 the current putative consensus sequence 1241:1279 the current putative consensus sequence for O-GlcNAcylation 1241:1299 Although the current putative consensus sequence for O-GlcNAcylation predicts 18 O-GlcNAc sites on Notch, we only observed apparent O-GlcNAc modification at five sites. 27268051 9 44 located found 1565:1569 arg2 those 1559:1563 those 1559:1563 those 1559:1563 In addition, we performed mass spectral analysis on endogenous Notch purified from Drosophila embryos and found that the glycosylation states were similar to those found on Notch from S2 cells. 27268051 9 44 located found 1565:1569 arg1 Notch 1574:1578 Notch 1574:1578 Notch from S2 cells 1574:1592 In addition, we performed mass spectral analysis on endogenous Notch purified from Drosophila embryos and found that the glycosylation states were similar to those found on Notch from S2 cells. 27268051 3 45 theme O-glucose 640:648 arg1 sites 650:654 all 18 predicted O-glucose sites 623:654 all 18 predicted O-glucose sites 623:654 We have performed comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation on Drosophila Notch produced in S2 cells and identified peptides containing all 22 predicted O-fucose sites, all 18 predicted O-glucose sites, and all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites. 27268051 2 46 theme O-glycosylation 214:228 arg1 forms 205:209 Three major forms 193:209 Three major forms of O-glycosylation 193:228 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 8 47 from sites 1322:1326 arg1 Notch 1331:1335 Notch 1331:1335 Notch 1331:1335 Although the current putative consensus sequence for O-GlcNAcylation predicts 18 O-GlcNAc sites on Notch, we only observed apparent O-GlcNAc modification at five sites. 27268051 5 48 theme sites 846:850 arg1 majority 821:828 The majority 817:828 The majority of the O-fucose sites 817:850 The majority of the O-fucose sites were modified to high stoichiometries. 27268051 10 49 theme Notch 1720:1724 arg1 activity 1726:1733 Notch activity 1720:1733 Notch activity 1720:1733 These data provide foundational information for future studies investigating the mechanisms of how O-glycosylation regulates Notch activity. 27268051 4 50 theme spectral 721:728 arg1 methods 730:736 semiquantitative mass spectral methods 699:736 semiquantitative mass spectral methods 699:736 Using semiquantitative mass spectral methods, we have evaluated the occupancy and relative amounts of glycans at each site. 27268051 9 51 theme mass 1427:1430 arg1 analysis 1441:1448 mass spectral analysis 1427:1448 mass spectral analysis 1427:1448 In addition, we performed mass spectral analysis on endogenous Notch purified from Drosophila embryos and found that the glycosylation states were similar to those found on Notch from S2 cells. 27268051 6 52 theme more 1103:1106 arg1 sites 1097:1101 certain sites 1089:1101 certain sites more than others 1089:1118 Upon expression of the β3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Fringe with Notch, we observed varying degrees of elongation beyond O-fucose monosaccharide, indicating that Fringe preferentially modifies certain sites more than others. 27268051 2 53 theme major 199:203 arg1 forms 205:209 Three major forms 193:209 Three major forms of O-glycosylation 193:228 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 3 54 theme predicted 597:605 arg1 sites 616:620 predicted O-fucose sites 597:620 predicted O-fucose sites 597:620 We have performed comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation on Drosophila Notch produced in S2 cells and identified peptides containing all 22 predicted O-fucose sites, all 18 predicted O-glucose sites, and all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites. 27268051 2 55 theme extracellular 327:339 arg1 domain 341:346 the extracellular domain 323:346 the extracellular domain of the receptor 323:362 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 2 55 theme extracellular 327:339 arg1 receptor 355:362 the receptor 351:362 the receptor 351:362 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 7 56 theme O-glucose 1203:1211 arg1 elongation 1185:1194 elongation 1185:1194 elongation of the O-glucose 1185:1211 Rumi modified O-glucose sites to high stoichiometries, although elongation of the O-glucose was site-specific. 27268051 3 57 theme O-GlcNAc 677:684 arg1 sites 686:690 all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites 661:690 all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites 661:690 We have performed comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation on Drosophila Notch produced in S2 cells and identified peptides containing all 22 predicted O-fucose sites, all 18 predicted O-glucose sites, and all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites. 27268051 0 58 dep O-Glycosylation 17:31 arg1 Elongation 44:53 Elongation 44:53 Elongation 44:53 Mapping Sites of O-Glycosylation and Fringe Elongation on Drosophila Notch. 27268051 4 59 from site 811:814 arg1 glycans 795:801 glycans 795:801 glycans at each site 795:814 Using semiquantitative mass spectral methods, we have evaluated the occupancy and relative amounts of glycans at each site. 27268051 4 59 from site 811:814 arg1 occupancy 761:769 the occupancy 757:769 the occupancy 757:769 Using semiquantitative mass spectral methods, we have evaluated the occupancy and relative amounts of glycans at each site. 27268051 4 59 from site 811:814 arg1 amounts 784:790 relative amounts 775:790 relative amounts of glycans at each site 775:814 Using semiquantitative mass spectral methods, we have evaluated the occupancy and relative amounts of glycans at each site. 27268051 2 60 dep repeats 312:318 arg1 O-glucosylation 381:395 O-glucosylation 381:395 O-glucosylation 381:395 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 2 60 dep repeats 312:318 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 402:416 O-GlcNAcylation 402:416 O-GlcNAcylation 402:416 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 2 60 dep repeats 312:318 arg1 O-fucosylation 365:378 O-fucosylation 365:378 O-fucosylation 365:378 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 2 60 dep repeats 312:318 arg1 repeats 312:318 the epidermal growth factor-like repeats 279:318 the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation 279:416 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 1 61 theme Notch 97:101 arg1 receptor 103:110 the Notch receptor 93:110 the Notch receptor 93:110 Glycosylation of the Notch receptor is essential for its activity and serves as an important modulator of signaling. 27268051 3 62 theme S2 546:547 arg1 cells 549:553 S2 cells 546:553 S2 cells 546:553 We have performed comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation on Drosophila Notch produced in S2 cells and identified peptides containing all 22 predicted O-fucose sites, all 18 predicted O-glucose sites, and all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites. 27268051 3 63 theme predicted 630:638 arg1 sites 650:654 all 18 predicted O-glucose sites 623:654 all 18 predicted O-glucose sites 623:654 We have performed comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation on Drosophila Notch produced in S2 cells and identified peptides containing all 22 predicted O-fucose sites, all 18 predicted O-glucose sites, and all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites. 27268051 3 64 theme types 489:493 arg1 analyses 465:472 comprehensive mass spectral analyses 437:472 comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation 437:512 We have performed comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation on Drosophila Notch produced in S2 cells and identified peptides containing all 22 predicted O-fucose sites, all 18 predicted O-glucose sites, and all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites. 27268051 4 65 theme glycans 795:801 arg1 glycans 795:801 glycans 795:801 glycans at each site 795:814 Using semiquantitative mass spectral methods, we have evaluated the occupancy and relative amounts of glycans at each site. 27268051 4 65 theme glycans 795:801 arg1 occupancy 761:769 the occupancy 757:769 the occupancy 757:769 Using semiquantitative mass spectral methods, we have evaluated the occupancy and relative amounts of glycans at each site. 27268051 4 65 theme glycans 795:801 arg1 amounts 784:790 relative amounts 775:790 relative amounts of glycans at each site 775:814 Using semiquantitative mass spectral methods, we have evaluated the occupancy and relative amounts of glycans at each site. 27268051 4 66 gly occupancy 761:769 arg2 glycans 795:801 glycans 795:801 glycans at each site 795:814 Using semiquantitative mass spectral methods, we have evaluated the occupancy and relative amounts of glycans at each site. 27268051 6 67 with Fringe 949:954 arg1 Notch 961:965 Notch 961:965 Notch 961:965 Upon expression of the β3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Fringe with Notch, we observed varying degrees of elongation beyond O-fucose monosaccharide, indicating that Fringe preferentially modifies certain sites more than others. 27268051 9 68 theme glycosylation 1522:1534 arg1 states 1536:1541 the glycosylation states 1518:1541 the glycosylation states 1518:1541 In addition, we performed mass spectral analysis on endogenous Notch purified from Drosophila embryos and found that the glycosylation states were similar to those found on Notch from S2 cells. 27268051 9 68 theme glycosylation 1522:1534 arg1 similar 1548:1554 similar 1548:1554 similar 1548:1554 In addition, we performed mass spectral analysis on endogenous Notch purified from Drosophila embryos and found that the glycosylation states were similar to those found on Notch from S2 cells. 27268051 3 69 theme mass 451:454 arg1 analyses 465:472 comprehensive mass spectral analyses 437:472 comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation 437:512 We have performed comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation on Drosophila Notch produced in S2 cells and identified peptides containing all 22 predicted O-fucose sites, all 18 predicted O-glucose sites, and all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites. 27268051 3 70 theme putative 668:675 arg1 sites 686:690 all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites 661:690 all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites 661:690 We have performed comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation on Drosophila Notch produced in S2 cells and identified peptides containing all 22 predicted O-fucose sites, all 18 predicted O-glucose sites, and all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites. 27268051 0 71 theme Drosophila 58:67 arg1 Notch 69:73 Drosophila Notch 58:73 Drosophila Notch 58:73 Mapping Sites of O-Glycosylation and Fringe Elongation on Drosophila Notch. 27268051 6 72 theme Fringe 949:954 arg1 expression 896:905 expression 896:905 expression of the β3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Fringe with Notch 896:965 Upon expression of the β3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Fringe with Notch, we observed varying degrees of elongation beyond O-fucose monosaccharide, indicating that Fringe preferentially modifies certain sites more than others. 27268051 2 73 theme receptor 355:362 arg1 domain 341:346 the extracellular domain 323:346 the extracellular domain of the receptor 323:362 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 2 73 theme receptor 355:362 arg1 receptor 355:362 the receptor 351:362 the receptor 351:362 Three major forms of O-glycosylation are predicted to occur at consensus sites within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats in the extracellular domain of the receptor: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. 27268051 3 74 theme O-glycosylation 498:512 arg1 types 489:493 these three types 477:493 these three types of O-glycosylation 477:512 We have performed comprehensive mass spectral analyses of these three types of O-glycosylation on Drosophila Notch produced in S2 cells and identified peptides containing all 22 predicted O-fucose sites, all 18 predicted O-glucose sites, and all 18 putative O-GlcNAc sites. 27268051 4 75 theme mass 716:719 arg1 methods 730:736 semiquantitative mass spectral methods 699:736 semiquantitative mass spectral methods 699:736 Using semiquantitative mass spectral methods, we have evaluated the occupancy and relative amounts of glycans at each site. 28597972 3 0 theme membrane 657:664 arg1 proteins 666:673 membrane proteins 657:673 membrane proteins 657:673 Using the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) and a human liver cDNA library, we obtained the human GLP-1R interactome and identified SERP1 as a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 7 1 gly glycosylation 1083:1095 arg1 GLP-1R 1120:1125 mutant GLP-1R 1113:1125 mutant GLP-1R 1113:1125 However, the glycosylation and function of mutant GLP-1R, in which all three sites for N-linked glycosylation were mutated, were not increased with overexpression of SERP1. 28597972 6 2 theme exendin-4-stimulated 1010:1029 arg1 accumulation 1036:1047 exendin-4-stimulated cAMP accumulation 1010:1047 exendin-4-stimulated cAMP accumulation 1010:1047 SERP1 overexpression also attenuated exendin-4-stimulated cAMP accumulation and AMPK activation. 28597972 7 3 theme SERP1 1236:1240 arg1 overexpression 1218:1231 overexpression 1218:1231 overexpression of SERP1 1218:1240 However, the glycosylation and function of mutant GLP-1R, in which all three sites for N-linked glycosylation were mutated, were not increased with overexpression of SERP1. 28597972 8 4 theme tunicamycin-induced 1329:1347 arg1 stress 1352:1357 tunicamycin-induced ER stress 1329:1357 tunicamycin-induced ER stress 1329:1357 Moreover, as a GLP-1R interactor, SERP1 could also partly reverse the accumulation of tunicamycin-induced ER stress. 28597972 0 5 theme Receptor 93:100 arg1 Function 75:82 Function 75:82 Function 75:82 A Novel Interacting Protein SERP1 Regulates the N-Linked Glycosylation and Function of GLP-1 Receptor in the Liver. 28597972 0 5 theme Receptor 93:100 arg1 Glycosylation 57:69 N-Linked Glycosylation 48:69 N-Linked Glycosylation 48:69 A Novel Interacting Protein SERP1 Regulates the N-Linked Glycosylation and Function of GLP-1 Receptor in the Liver. 28597972 4 6 theme HEK-293 752:758 arg1 cells 760:764 HEK-293 cells 752:764 HEK-293 cells 752:764 GLP-1R and SERP1 were co-expressed in HEK-293 cells, and their interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. 28597972 2 7 theme GLP-1R 261:266 arg1 transduction 245:256 transduction 245:256 transduction 245:256 Activation and transduction of GLP-1R require complex interactions of largely unknown accessory proteins, and these processes are crucial to the response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. 28597972 2 7 theme GLP-1R 261:266 arg1 Activation 230:239 Activation 230:239 Activation 230:239 Activation and transduction of GLP-1R require complex interactions of largely unknown accessory proteins, and these processes are crucial to the response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. 28597972 5 8 theme N-linked 949:956 arg1 glycosylation 958:970 N-linked glycosylation 949:970 N-linked glycosylation 949:970 We then found that overexpression of SERP1 could rescue GLP-1R glycosylation after application of tunicamycin to block N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 0 9 theme GLP-1 87:91 arg1 Receptor 93:100 GLP-1 Receptor 87:100 GLP-1 Receptor 87:100 A Novel Interacting Protein SERP1 Regulates the N-Linked Glycosylation and Function of GLP-1 Receptor in the Liver. 28597972 8 10 theme stress 1352:1357 arg1 interactor 1265:1274 a GLP-1R interactor 1256:1274 a GLP-1R interactor 1256:1274 Moreover, as a GLP-1R interactor, SERP1 could also partly reverse the accumulation of tunicamycin-induced ER stress. 28597972 8 10 theme stress 1352:1357 arg1 accumulation 1313:1324 the accumulation 1309:1324 the accumulation of tunicamycin-induced ER stress 1309:1357 Moreover, as a GLP-1R interactor, SERP1 could also partly reverse the accumulation of tunicamycin-induced ER stress. 28597972 3 11 theme liver 506:510 arg1 library 517:523 a human liver cDNA library 498:523 a human liver cDNA library 498:523 Using the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) and a human liver cDNA library, we obtained the human GLP-1R interactome and identified SERP1 as a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 5 12 link N-linked 949:956 arg1 glycosylation 958:970 N-linked glycosylation 949:970 N-linked glycosylation 949:970 We then found that overexpression of SERP1 could rescue GLP-1R glycosylation after application of tunicamycin to block N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 3 13 theme yeast 463:467 arg1 MYTH 488:491 MYTH 488:491 MYTH 488:491 Using the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) and a human liver cDNA library, we obtained the human GLP-1R interactome and identified SERP1 as a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 3 13 theme yeast 463:467 arg1 system 480:485 the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system 428:485 the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) 428:492 Using the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) and a human liver cDNA library, we obtained the human GLP-1R interactome and identified SERP1 as a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 7 14 theme GLP-1R 1120:1125 arg1 glycosylation 1083:1095 glycosylation 1083:1095 glycosylation 1083:1095 However, the glycosylation and function of mutant GLP-1R, in which all three sites for N-linked glycosylation were mutated, were not increased with overexpression of SERP1. 28597972 7 14 theme GLP-1R 1120:1125 arg1 function 1101:1108 function 1101:1108 function 1101:1108 However, the glycosylation and function of mutant GLP-1R, in which all three sites for N-linked glycosylation were mutated, were not increased with overexpression of SERP1. 28597972 3 15 theme membrane-based 432:445 arg1 MYTH 488:491 MYTH 488:491 MYTH 488:491 Using the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) and a human liver cDNA library, we obtained the human GLP-1R interactome and identified SERP1 as a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 3 15 theme membrane-based 432:445 arg1 system 480:485 the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system 428:485 the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) 428:492 Using the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) and a human liver cDNA library, we obtained the human GLP-1R interactome and identified SERP1 as a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 8 16 theme ER 1349:1350 arg1 stress 1352:1357 tunicamycin-induced ER stress 1329:1357 tunicamycin-induced ER stress 1329:1357 Moreover, as a GLP-1R interactor, SERP1 could also partly reverse the accumulation of tunicamycin-induced ER stress. 28597972 13 17 dep © 1673:1673 arg1 Inc. 1699:1702 Inc. 1699:1702 Inc. 1699:1702 © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 28597972 9 18 theme GLP-1R 1558:1563 arg1 glycosylation 1541:1553 the glycosylation 1537:1553 the glycosylation of GLP-1R 1537:1563 Taken together, our findings identify a group of proteins that interact with GLP-1R and show that one specific interacting protein, SERP1, has an important role in facilitating the glycosylation of GLP-1R and rescuing its activities after ER stress induced by tunicamycin. 28597972 1 19 theme multiple 155:162 arg1 effects 164:170 multiple effects 155:170 multiple effects 155:170 Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) exerts multiple effects on metabolism through its receptor, GLP-1R, in the liver. 28597972 0 20 theme Novel 2:6 arg1 Protein 20:26 A Novel Interacting Protein 0:26 A Novel Interacting Protein SERP1 0:32 A Novel Interacting Protein SERP1 Regulates the N-Linked Glycosylation and Function of GLP-1 Receptor in the Liver. 28597972 9 21 gly glycosylation 1541:1553 arg1 GLP-1R 1558:1563 GLP-1R 1558:1563 GLP-1R 1558:1563 Taken together, our findings identify a group of proteins that interact with GLP-1R and show that one specific interacting protein, SERP1, has an important role in facilitating the glycosylation of GLP-1R and rescuing its activities after ER stress induced by tunicamycin. 28597972 3 22 link N-linked 690:697 arg1 glycosylation 699:711 N-linked glycosylation 690:711 N-linked glycosylation 690:711 Using the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) and a human liver cDNA library, we obtained the human GLP-1R interactome and identified SERP1 as a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 8 23 theme GLP-1R 1258:1263 arg1 accumulation 1313:1324 the accumulation 1309:1324 the accumulation of tunicamycin-induced ER stress 1309:1357 Moreover, as a GLP-1R interactor, SERP1 could also partly reverse the accumulation of tunicamycin-induced ER stress. 28597972 8 23 theme GLP-1R 1258:1263 arg1 interactor 1265:1274 a GLP-1R interactor 1256:1274 a GLP-1R interactor 1256:1274 Moreover, as a GLP-1R interactor, SERP1 could also partly reverse the accumulation of tunicamycin-induced ER stress. 28597972 6 24 theme SERP1 973:977 arg1 overexpression 979:992 SERP1 overexpression 973:992 SERP1 overexpression 973:992 SERP1 overexpression also attenuated exendin-4-stimulated cAMP accumulation and AMPK activation. 28597972 7 25 theme mutant 1113:1118 arg1 GLP-1R 1120:1125 mutant GLP-1R 1113:1125 mutant GLP-1R 1113:1125 However, the glycosylation and function of mutant GLP-1R, in which all three sites for N-linked glycosylation were mutated, were not increased with overexpression of SERP1. 28597972 5 26 theme tunicamycin 928:938 arg1 application 913:923 application 913:923 application of tunicamycin to block N-linked glycosylation 913:970 We then found that overexpression of SERP1 could rescue GLP-1R glycosylation after application of tunicamycin to block N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 0 27 from Function 75:82 arg1 Liver 109:113 the Liver 105:113 the Liver 105:113 A Novel Interacting Protein SERP1 Regulates the N-Linked Glycosylation and Function of GLP-1 Receptor in the Liver. 28597972 0 28 theme Protein 20:26 arg1 SERP1 28:32 A Novel Interacting Protein SERP1 0:32 A Novel Interacting Protein SERP1 0:32 A Novel Interacting Protein SERP1 Regulates the N-Linked Glycosylation and Function of GLP-1 Receptor in the Liver. 28597972 2 29 theme complex 276:282 arg1 interactions 284:295 complex interactions 276:295 complex interactions of largely unknown accessory proteins 276:333 Activation and transduction of GLP-1R require complex interactions of largely unknown accessory proteins, and these processes are crucial to the response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. 28597972 2 30 theme reticulum 399:407 arg1 stress 414:419 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress 387:419 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress 387:419 Activation and transduction of GLP-1R require complex interactions of largely unknown accessory proteins, and these processes are crucial to the response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. 28597972 0 31 theme Interacting 8:18 arg1 Protein 20:26 A Novel Interacting Protein 0:26 A Novel Interacting Protein SERP1 0:32 A Novel Interacting Protein SERP1 Regulates the N-Linked Glycosylation and Function of GLP-1 Receptor in the Liver. 28597972 9 32 contain has 1499:1501 arg2 role 1516:1519 an important role 1503:1519 an important role 1503:1519 Taken together, our findings identify a group of proteins that interact with GLP-1R and show that one specific interacting protein, SERP1, has an important role in facilitating the glycosylation of GLP-1R and rescuing its activities after ER stress induced by tunicamycin. 28597972 9 32 contain has 1499:1501 arg1 protein 1483:1489 one specific interacting protein 1458:1489 one specific interacting protein 1458:1489 Taken together, our findings identify a group of proteins that interact with GLP-1R and show that one specific interacting protein, SERP1, has an important role in facilitating the glycosylation of GLP-1R and rescuing its activities after ER stress induced by tunicamycin. 28597972 9 32 contain has 1499:1501 arg1 SERP1 1492:1496 SERP1 1492:1496 SERP1 1492:1496 Taken together, our findings identify a group of proteins that interact with GLP-1R and show that one specific interacting protein, SERP1, has an important role in facilitating the glycosylation of GLP-1R and rescuing its activities after ER stress induced by tunicamycin. 28597972 3 33 theme potential 593:601 arg1 protein 615:621 a potential interacting protein 591:621 a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation 591:711 Using the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) and a human liver cDNA library, we obtained the human GLP-1R interactome and identified SERP1 as a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 3 33 theme potential 593:601 arg1 SERP1 582:586 SERP1 582:586 SERP1 582:586 Using the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) and a human liver cDNA library, we obtained the human GLP-1R interactome and identified SERP1 as a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 0 34 dep Glycosylation 57:69 arg1 the 44:46 the 44:46 the 44:46 A Novel Interacting Protein SERP1 Regulates the N-Linked Glycosylation and Function of GLP-1 Receptor in the Liver. 28597972 2 35 theme endoplasmic 387:397 arg1 ER 410:411 ER 410:411 ER 410:411 Activation and transduction of GLP-1R require complex interactions of largely unknown accessory proteins, and these processes are crucial to the response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. 28597972 2 35 theme endoplasmic 387:397 arg1 reticulum 399:407 endoplasmic reticulum 387:407 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress 387:419 Activation and transduction of GLP-1R require complex interactions of largely unknown accessory proteins, and these processes are crucial to the response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. 28597972 7 36 theme N-linked 1157:1164 arg1 glycosylation 1166:1178 N-linked glycosylation 1157:1178 N-linked glycosylation 1157:1178 However, the glycosylation and function of mutant GLP-1R, in which all three sites for N-linked glycosylation were mutated, were not increased with overexpression of SERP1. 28597972 3 37 theme two-hybrid 469:478 arg1 MYTH 488:491 MYTH 488:491 MYTH 488:491 Using the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) and a human liver cDNA library, we obtained the human GLP-1R interactome and identified SERP1 as a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 3 37 theme two-hybrid 469:478 arg1 system 480:485 the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system 428:485 the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) 428:492 Using the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) and a human liver cDNA library, we obtained the human GLP-1R interactome and identified SERP1 as a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 3 38 theme interacting 603:613 arg1 protein 615:621 a potential interacting protein 591:621 a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation 591:711 Using the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) and a human liver cDNA library, we obtained the human GLP-1R interactome and identified SERP1 as a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 3 38 theme interacting 603:613 arg1 SERP1 582:586 SERP1 582:586 SERP1 582:586 Using the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) and a human liver cDNA library, we obtained the human GLP-1R interactome and identified SERP1 as a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 3 39 theme human 542:546 arg1 interactome 555:565 the human GLP-1R interactome 538:565 the human GLP-1R interactome 538:565 Using the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) and a human liver cDNA library, we obtained the human GLP-1R interactome and identified SERP1 as a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 3 40 theme GLP-1R 548:553 arg1 interactome 555:565 the human GLP-1R interactome 538:565 the human GLP-1R interactome 538:565 Using the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) and a human liver cDNA library, we obtained the human GLP-1R interactome and identified SERP1 as a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 0 41 theme N-Linked 48:55 arg1 Glycosylation 57:69 N-Linked Glycosylation 48:69 N-Linked Glycosylation 48:69 A Novel Interacting Protein SERP1 Regulates the N-Linked Glycosylation and Function of GLP-1 Receptor in the Liver. 28597972 0 42 from Glycosylation 57:69 arg1 Liver 109:113 the Liver 105:113 the Liver 105:113 A Novel Interacting Protein SERP1 Regulates the N-Linked Glycosylation and Function of GLP-1 Receptor in the Liver. 28597972 7 43 link N-linked 1157:1164 arg1 glycosylation 1166:1178 N-linked glycosylation 1157:1178 N-linked glycosylation 1157:1178 However, the glycosylation and function of mutant GLP-1R, in which all three sites for N-linked glycosylation were mutated, were not increased with overexpression of SERP1. 28597972 1 44 from receptor 198:205 arg1 liver 223:227 the liver 219:227 the liver 219:227 Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) exerts multiple effects on metabolism through its receptor, GLP-1R, in the liver. 28597972 2 45 theme proteins 326:333 arg1 interactions 284:295 complex interactions 276:295 complex interactions of largely unknown accessory proteins 276:333 Activation and transduction of GLP-1R require complex interactions of largely unknown accessory proteins, and these processes are crucial to the response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. 28597972 3 46 theme split 447:451 arg1 MYTH 488:491 MYTH 488:491 MYTH 488:491 Using the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) and a human liver cDNA library, we obtained the human GLP-1R interactome and identified SERP1 as a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 3 46 theme split 447:451 arg1 system 480:485 the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system 428:485 the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) 428:492 Using the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) and a human liver cDNA library, we obtained the human GLP-1R interactome and identified SERP1 as a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 9 47 theme interacting 1471:1481 arg1 SERP1 1492:1496 SERP1 1492:1496 SERP1 1492:1496 Taken together, our findings identify a group of proteins that interact with GLP-1R and show that one specific interacting protein, SERP1, has an important role in facilitating the glycosylation of GLP-1R and rescuing its activities after ER stress induced by tunicamycin. 28597972 9 47 theme interacting 1471:1481 arg1 protein 1483:1489 one specific interacting protein 1458:1489 one specific interacting protein 1458:1489 Taken together, our findings identify a group of proteins that interact with GLP-1R and show that one specific interacting protein, SERP1, has an important role in facilitating the glycosylation of GLP-1R and rescuing its activities after ER stress induced by tunicamycin. 28597972 2 48 theme accessory 316:324 arg1 proteins 326:333 largely unknown accessory proteins 300:333 largely unknown accessory proteins 300:333 Activation and transduction of GLP-1R require complex interactions of largely unknown accessory proteins, and these processes are crucial to the response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. 28597972 3 49 theme N-linked 690:697 arg1 glycosylation 699:711 N-linked glycosylation 690:711 N-linked glycosylation 690:711 Using the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) and a human liver cDNA library, we obtained the human GLP-1R interactome and identified SERP1 as a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 9 50 theme ER 1599:1600 arg1 stress 1602:1607 ER stress 1599:1607 ER stress induced by tunicamycin 1599:1630 Taken together, our findings identify a group of proteins that interact with GLP-1R and show that one specific interacting protein, SERP1, has an important role in facilitating the glycosylation of GLP-1R and rescuing its activities after ER stress induced by tunicamycin. 28597972 1 51 theme Glucagon-like 116:128 arg1 peptide 130:136 Glucagon-like peptide 1 116:138 Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) 116:146 Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) exerts multiple effects on metabolism through its receptor, GLP-1R, in the liver. 28597972 1 51 theme Glucagon-like 116:128 arg1 GLP-1 141:145 GLP-1 141:145 GLP-1 141:145 Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) exerts multiple effects on metabolism through its receptor, GLP-1R, in the liver. 28597972 3 52 theme cDNA 512:515 arg1 library 517:523 a human liver cDNA library 498:523 a human liver cDNA library 498:523 Using the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) and a human liver cDNA library, we obtained the human GLP-1R interactome and identified SERP1 as a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 6 53 theme AMPK 1053:1056 arg1 activation 1058:1067 AMPK activation 1053:1067 AMPK activation 1053:1067 SERP1 overexpression also attenuated exendin-4-stimulated cAMP accumulation and AMPK activation. 28597972 5 54 theme GLP-1R 886:891 arg1 glycosylation 893:905 GLP-1R glycosylation 886:905 GLP-1R glycosylation 886:905 We then found that overexpression of SERP1 could rescue GLP-1R glycosylation after application of tunicamycin to block N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 0 55 gly Glycosylation 57:69 arg1 Receptor 93:100 GLP-1 Receptor 87:100 GLP-1 Receptor 87:100 A Novel Interacting Protein SERP1 Regulates the N-Linked Glycosylation and Function of GLP-1 Receptor in the Liver. 28597972 3 56 theme ubiquitin 453:461 arg1 MYTH 488:491 MYTH 488:491 MYTH 488:491 Using the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) and a human liver cDNA library, we obtained the human GLP-1R interactome and identified SERP1 as a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 3 56 theme ubiquitin 453:461 arg1 system 480:485 the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system 428:485 the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) 428:492 Using the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) and a human liver cDNA library, we obtained the human GLP-1R interactome and identified SERP1 as a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 2 57 theme unknown 308:314 arg1 proteins 326:333 largely unknown accessory proteins 300:333 largely unknown accessory proteins 300:333 Activation and transduction of GLP-1R require complex interactions of largely unknown accessory proteins, and these processes are crucial to the response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. 28597972 12 58 dep 3616-3626 1656:1664 arg1 118 1651:1653 118 1651:1653 118 1651:1653 118: 3616-3626, 2017. 28597972 9 59 theme specific 1462:1469 arg1 SERP1 1492:1496 SERP1 1492:1496 SERP1 1492:1496 Taken together, our findings identify a group of proteins that interact with GLP-1R and show that one specific interacting protein, SERP1, has an important role in facilitating the glycosylation of GLP-1R and rescuing its activities after ER stress induced by tunicamycin. 28597972 9 59 theme specific 1462:1469 arg1 protein 1483:1489 one specific interacting protein 1458:1489 one specific interacting protein 1458:1489 Taken together, our findings identify a group of proteins that interact with GLP-1R and show that one specific interacting protein, SERP1, has an important role in facilitating the glycosylation of GLP-1R and rescuing its activities after ER stress induced by tunicamycin. 28597972 9 60 theme important 1506:1514 arg1 role 1516:1519 an important role 1503:1519 an important role 1503:1519 Taken together, our findings identify a group of proteins that interact with GLP-1R and show that one specific interacting protein, SERP1, has an important role in facilitating the glycosylation of GLP-1R and rescuing its activities after ER stress induced by tunicamycin. 28597972 7 61 dep glycosylation 1083:1095 arg1 the 1079:1081 the 1079:1081 the 1079:1081 However, the glycosylation and function of mutant GLP-1R, in which all three sites for N-linked glycosylation were mutated, were not increased with overexpression of SERP1. 28597972 3 62 theme human 500:504 arg1 library 517:523 a human liver cDNA library 498:523 a human liver cDNA library 498:523 Using the membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system (MYTH) and a human liver cDNA library, we obtained the human GLP-1R interactome and identified SERP1 as a potential interacting protein based on its ability to stabilize membrane proteins and facilitate N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 9 63 theme proteins 1409:1416 arg1 proteins 1409:1416 proteins 1409:1416 proteins that interact with GLP-1R and show that one specific interacting protein, SERP1, has an important role in facilitating the glycosylation of GLP-1R and rescuing its activities after ER stress induced by tunicamycin 1409:1630 Taken together, our findings identify a group of proteins that interact with GLP-1R and show that one specific interacting protein, SERP1, has an important role in facilitating the glycosylation of GLP-1R and rescuing its activities after ER stress induced by tunicamycin. 28597972 9 63 theme proteins 1409:1416 arg1 group 1400:1404 a group 1398:1404 a group of proteins that interact with GLP-1R and show that one specific interacting protein, SERP1, has an important role in facilitating the glycosylation of GLP-1R and rescuing its activities after ER stress induced by tunicamycin 1398:1630 Taken together, our findings identify a group of proteins that interact with GLP-1R and show that one specific interacting protein, SERP1, has an important role in facilitating the glycosylation of GLP-1R and rescuing its activities after ER stress induced by tunicamycin. 28597972 5 64 theme SERP1 867:871 arg1 overexpression 849:862 overexpression 849:862 overexpression of SERP1 849:871 We then found that overexpression of SERP1 could rescue GLP-1R glycosylation after application of tunicamycin to block N-linked glycosylation. 28597972 6 65 theme cAMP 1031:1034 arg1 accumulation 1036:1047 exendin-4-stimulated cAMP accumulation 1010:1047 exendin-4-stimulated cAMP accumulation 1010:1047 SERP1 overexpression also attenuated exendin-4-stimulated cAMP accumulation and AMPK activation. 27686764 16 0 theme SHIVSF162P3 2203:2213 arg1 loop 2218:2221 the SHIVSF162P3 V4 loop 2199:2221 the SHIVSF162P3 V4 loop 2199:2221 Conclusion: Low glycosylation of the SHIVSF162P3 V4 loop may facilitate spread of the SHIV virus whereas viruses with highly glycosylated V4 loops showed replication advantages after infection. 27686764 11 1 theme sequences 1365:1373 arg1 percentages 1341:1351 The percentages 1337:1351 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs) 1337:1433 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 11 1 theme sequences 1365:1373 arg1 % 1441:1441 83% 1439:1441 83%(20/24) 1439:1448 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 7 2 theme envelope 931:938 arg1 sequences 940:948 envelope sequences 931:948 envelope sequences 931:948 BioEdit, MEGA, and the HIV Databases were used to analyze envelope sequences. 27686764 13 3 from 77 1868:1869 arg1 Rh2 1874:1876 Rh2 1874:1876 Rh2 1874:1876 In Rh1, the percentage of sequences containing 27 PNGSs increased to 29% at day 28 and reached 35% at day 77 in Rh2. 27686764 2 4 theme female 373:378 arg1 macaques 401:408 Two female adult Chinese rhesus macaques 369:408 Two female adult Chinese rhesus macaques(4 years old) 369:421 Methods: Two female adult Chinese rhesus macaques(4 years old)were intravenously inoculated with 300 TCID50 SHIVSF162P3. 27686764 15 5 theme V4 2093:2094 arg1 loop 2096:2099 the V4 loop 2089:2099 the V4 loop 2089:2099 Compared with sequences containing 27 PNGSs, a seven amino acid(TWNNTIG)deletion was found in the V4 loop, which resulted in a loss of two PNGSs at positions 392 and 396. 27686764 1 6 theme simian/human 271:282 arg1 virus 301:305 simian/human immunodeficiency virus 271:305 simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3) 271:336 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 8 7 theme N-linked 974:981 arg1 sites 997:1001 N-linked glycosylation sites 974:1001 N-linked glycosylation sites 974:1001 Sequence diversity and N-linked glycosylation sites were compared between virus stock and plasma viruses of the two macaques. 27686764 11 8 from day 1496:1498 arg1 % 1455:1455 94% 1453:1455 94%(29/31) 1453:1462 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 11 8 from day 1496:1498 arg1 percentages 1341:1351 The percentages 1337:1351 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs) 1337:1433 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 11 8 from day 1496:1498 arg1 20/24 1443:1447 20/24 1443:1447 20/24 1443:1447 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 11 8 from day 1496:1498 arg1 29/31 1457:1461 29/31 1457:1461 29/31 1457:1461 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 11 8 from day 1496:1498 arg1 % 1441:1441 83% 1439:1441 83%(20/24) 1439:1448 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 0 9 link N-linked 21:28 arg1 sites 44:48 N-linked glycosylation sites 21:48 N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques 21:155 [Characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques during acute infection]. 27686764 1 10 theme virus 301:305 arg1 SHIVSF162P3 325:335 SHIVSF162P3 325:335 SHIVSF162P3 325:335 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 1 10 theme virus 301:305 arg1 proteins 316:323 simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins 271:323 simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3) 271:336 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 11 11 theme N-linked 1399:1406 arg1 PNGSs 1428:1432 PNGSs 1428:1432 PNGSs 1428:1432 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 11 11 theme N-linked 1399:1406 arg1 sites 1422:1426 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1386:1426 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs) 1386:1433 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 5 12 theme viral 729:733 arg1 isolation 739:747 viral RNA isolation 729:747 viral RNA isolation 729:747 Subsequently, we monitored plasma viral load by real-time PCR after viral RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis. 27686764 12 13 theme sequences 1667:1675 arg1 proportion 1653:1662 the proportion 1649:1662 the proportion of sequences containing 25 PNGSs 1649:1695 Viral diversity after infection increased with time whereas the proportion of sequences containing 25 PNGSs decreased and sequences containing 27 PNGSs gradually increased. 27686764 1 14 theme envelope 307:314 arg1 SHIVSF162P3 325:335 SHIVSF162P3 325:335 SHIVSF162P3 325:335 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 1 14 theme envelope 307:314 arg1 proteins 316:323 simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins 271:323 simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3) 271:336 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 11 15 gly glycosylation 1408:1420 arg2 PNGSs 1428:1432 PNGSs 1428:1432 PNGSs 1428:1432 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 11 15 gly glycosylation 1408:1420 arg2 sites 1422:1426 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1386:1426 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs) 1386:1433 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 11 15 gly glycosylation 1408:1420 arg2 25 1386:1387 25 1386:1387 25 1386:1387 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 7 16 theme HIV 896:898 arg1 Databases 900:908 the HIV Databases 892:908 the HIV Databases 892:908 BioEdit, MEGA, and the HIV Databases were used to analyze envelope sequences. 27686764 12 17 contain containing 1677:1686 arg1 sequences 1667:1675 sequences 1667:1675 sequences containing 25 PNGSs 1667:1695 Viral diversity after infection increased with time whereas the proportion of sequences containing 25 PNGSs decreased and sequences containing 27 PNGSs gradually increased. 27686764 12 17 contain containing 1677:1686 arg2 PNGSs 1691:1695 25 PNGSs 1688:1695 25 PNGSs 1688:1695 Viral diversity after infection increased with time whereas the proportion of sequences containing 25 PNGSs decreased and sequences containing 27 PNGSs gradually increased. 27686764 15 18 theme PNGSs 2134:2138 arg1 loss 2122:2125 a loss 2120:2125 a loss of two PNGSs at positions 392 and 396 2120:2163 Compared with sequences containing 27 PNGSs, a seven amino acid(TWNNTIG)deletion was found in the V4 loop, which resulted in a loss of two PNGSs at positions 392 and 396. 27686764 8 19 theme virus 1025:1029 arg1 stock 1031:1035 virus stock 1025:1035 virus stock 1025:1035 Sequence diversity and N-linked glycosylation sites were compared between virus stock and plasma viruses of the two macaques. 27686764 0 20 theme Chinese 133:139 arg1 macaques 148:155 Chinese rhesus macaques 133:155 Chinese rhesus macaques 133:155 [Characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques during acute infection]. 27686764 6 21 theme genome 822:827 arg1 amplification 829:841 single genome amplification 815:841 single genome amplification(SGA)at days 7, 14, 28 and 77 815:870 We amplified the full-length envelope gene by single genome amplification(SGA)at days 7, 14, 28 and 77. 27686764 6 21 theme genome 822:827 arg1 SGA 843:845 SGA 843:845 SGA 843:845 We amplified the full-length envelope gene by single genome amplification(SGA)at days 7, 14, 28 and 77. 27686764 16 22 gly glycosylated 2291:2302 arg1 loops 2307:2311 highly glycosylated V4 loops 2284:2311 highly glycosylated V4 loops 2284:2311 Conclusion: Low glycosylation of the SHIVSF162P3 V4 loop may facilitate spread of the SHIV virus whereas viruses with highly glycosylated V4 loops showed replication advantages after infection. 27686764 0 23 theme macaques 148:155 arg1 blood 124:128 peripheral blood 113:128 peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques 113:155 [Characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques during acute infection]. 27686764 5 24 theme plasma 688:693 arg1 load 701:704 plasma viral load 688:704 plasma viral load 688:704 Subsequently, we monitored plasma viral load by real-time PCR after viral RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis. 27686764 15 25 theme amino 2048:2052 arg1 deletion 2067:2074 a seven amino acid(TWNNTIG)deletion 2040:2074 a seven amino acid(TWNNTIG)deletion 2040:2074 Compared with sequences containing 27 PNGSs, a seven amino acid(TWNNTIG)deletion was found in the V4 loop, which resulted in a loss of two PNGSs at positions 392 and 396. 27686764 12 26 theme Viral 1589:1593 arg1 diversity 1595:1603 Viral diversity 1589:1603 Viral diversity after infection 1589:1619 Viral diversity after infection increased with time whereas the proportion of sequences containing 25 PNGSs decreased and sequences containing 27 PNGSs gradually increased. 27686764 9 27 dep 0.166 1187:1191 arg1 3 1202:1202 3 1202:1202 3 1202:1202 Results: A total of 55 env sequences were obtained from virus stock and their average pairwise distances were(0.166 6± 0.096 3)%. 27686764 0 28 theme acute 164:168 arg1 infection 170:178 acute infection 164:178 acute infection 164:178 [Characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques during acute infection]. 27686764 6 29 theme envelope 798:805 arg1 gene 807:810 the full-length envelope gene 782:810 the full-length envelope gene 782:810 We amplified the full-length envelope gene by single genome amplification(SGA)at days 7, 14, 28 and 77. 27686764 11 30 from % 1455:1455 arg1 Rh2 1474:1476 Rh2 1474:1476 Rh2 1474:1476 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 11 30 from % 1455:1455 arg1 Rh1 1466:1468 Rh1 1466:1468 Rh1 1466:1468 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 0 31 from blood 124:128 arg1 proteins 62:69 envelope proteins 53:69 envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques 53:155 [Characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques during acute infection]. 27686764 16 32 theme glycosylated 2291:2302 arg1 loops 2307:2311 highly glycosylated V4 loops 2284:2311 highly glycosylated V4 loops 2284:2311 Conclusion: Low glycosylation of the SHIVSF162P3 V4 loop may facilitate spread of the SHIV virus whereas viruses with highly glycosylated V4 loops showed replication advantages after infection. 27686764 14 33 theme V1-V5 1919:1923 arg1 regions 1925:1931 the V1-V5 regions 1915:1931 the V1-V5 regions 1915:1931 By analyzing the number of PNGSs in the V1-V5 regions, we found that PNGS variation mainly occurred in the V4 loop. 27686764 11 34 from % 1441:1441 arg1 Rh2 1474:1476 Rh2 1474:1476 Rh2 1474:1476 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 11 34 from % 1441:1441 arg1 Rh1 1466:1468 Rh1 1466:1468 Rh1 1466:1468 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 5 35 theme viral 695:699 arg1 load 701:704 plasma viral load 688:704 plasma viral load 688:704 Subsequently, we monitored plasma viral load by real-time PCR after viral RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis. 27686764 8 36 link N-linked 974:981 arg1 sites 997:1001 N-linked glycosylation sites 974:1001 N-linked glycosylation sites 974:1001 Sequence diversity and N-linked glycosylation sites were compared between virus stock and plasma viruses of the two macaques. 27686764 5 37 theme cDNA 753:756 arg1 synthesis 758:766 cDNA synthesis 753:766 cDNA synthesis 753:766 Subsequently, we monitored plasma viral load by real-time PCR after viral RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis. 27686764 0 38 theme immunodeficiency 87:102 arg1 virus 104:108 simian/human immunodeficiency virus 74:108 simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques 74:155 [Characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques during acute infection]. 27686764 0 39 from [Characterization 0:16 arg1 proteins 62:69 envelope proteins 53:69 envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques 53:155 [Characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques during acute infection]. 27686764 9 40 theme sequences 1104:1112 arg1 total 1088:1092 A total 1086:1092 A total of 55 env sequences 1086:1112 Results: A total of 55 env sequences were obtained from virus stock and their average pairwise distances were(0.166 6± 0.096 3)%. 27686764 11 41 from proportion 1544:1553 arg1 stock 1570:1574 SHIVSF162P3 stock 1558:1574 SHIVSF162P3 stock 1558:1574 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 16 42 theme V4 2215:2216 arg1 loop 2218:2221 the SHIVSF162P3 V4 loop 2199:2221 the SHIVSF162P3 V4 loop 2199:2221 Conclusion: Low glycosylation of the SHIVSF162P3 V4 loop may facilitate spread of the SHIV virus whereas viruses with highly glycosylated V4 loops showed replication advantages after infection. 27686764 0 43 from sites 44:48 arg1 proteins 62:69 envelope proteins 53:69 envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques 53:155 [Characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques during acute infection]. 27686764 0 44 theme simian/human 74:85 arg1 virus 104:108 simian/human immunodeficiency virus 74:108 simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques 74:155 [Characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques during acute infection]. 27686764 9 45 theme virus 1133:1137 arg1 stock 1139:1143 virus stock 1133:1143 virus stock 1133:1143 Results: A total of 55 env sequences were obtained from virus stock and their average pairwise distances were(0.166 6± 0.096 3)%. 27686764 11 46 contain containing 1375:1384 arg2 PNGSs 1428:1432 PNGSs 1428:1432 PNGSs 1428:1432 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 11 46 contain containing 1375:1384 arg1 sequences 1365:1373 envelope sequences 1356:1373 envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs) 1356:1433 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 11 46 contain containing 1375:1384 arg2 sites 1422:1426 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1386:1426 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs) 1386:1433 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 0 47 theme N-linked 21:28 arg1 sites 44:48 N-linked glycosylation sites 21:48 N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques 21:155 [Characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques during acute infection]. 27686764 0 48 theme sites 44:48 arg1 [Characterization 0:16 [Characterization 0:16 [Characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques during acute infection 0:178 [Characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques during acute infection]. 27686764 9 49 theme average 1155:1161 arg1 distances 1172:1180 their average pairwise distances 1149:1180 their average pairwise distances 1149:1180 Results: A total of 55 env sequences were obtained from virus stock and their average pairwise distances were(0.166 6± 0.096 3)%. 27686764 10 50 theme set 1285:1287 arg1 point 1289:1293 the set point 1281:1293 the set point 1281:1293 Viral loads peaked at 7.68 and 7.49 log10 copies/ml at day 10 and reached the set point at day 42(4.27 and 4.81 log10 copies/ml). 27686764 0 51 theme envelope 53:60 arg1 proteins 62:69 envelope proteins 53:69 envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques 53:155 [Characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques during acute infection]. 27686764 1 52 theme SHIV 341:344 arg1 transmission 346:357 SHIV transmission 341:357 SHIV transmission 341:357 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 0 53 gly glycosylation 30:42 arg2 sites 44:48 N-linked glycosylation sites 21:48 N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques 21:155 [Characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques during acute infection]. 27686764 15 54 from positions 2143:2151 arg1 PNGSs 2134:2138 two PNGSs 2130:2138 two PNGSs at positions 392 and 396 2130:2163 Compared with sequences containing 27 PNGSs, a seven amino acid(TWNNTIG)deletion was found in the V4 loop, which resulted in a loss of two PNGSs at positions 392 and 396. 27686764 15 54 from positions 2143:2151 arg1 loss 2122:2125 a loss 2120:2125 a loss of two PNGSs at positions 392 and 396 2120:2163 Compared with sequences containing 27 PNGSs, a seven amino acid(TWNNTIG)deletion was found in the V4 loop, which resulted in a loss of two PNGSs at positions 392 and 396. 27686764 13 55 theme day 1864:1866 arg1 77 1868:1869 day 77 1864:1869 day 77 in Rh2 1864:1876 In Rh1, the percentage of sequences containing 27 PNGSs increased to 29% at day 28 and reached 35% at day 77 in Rh2. 27686764 11 56 theme envelope 1356:1363 arg1 sequences 1365:1373 envelope sequences 1356:1373 envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs) 1356:1433 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 2 57 theme rhesus 394:399 arg1 macaques 401:408 Two female adult Chinese rhesus macaques 369:408 Two female adult Chinese rhesus macaques(4 years old) 369:421 Methods: Two female adult Chinese rhesus macaques(4 years old)were intravenously inoculated with 300 TCID50 SHIVSF162P3. 27686764 1 58 theme glycosylation 248:260 arg1 sites 262:266 N-linked glycosylation sites 239:266 N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission 239:357 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 1 58 theme glycosylation 248:260 arg1 proteins 316:323 simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins 271:323 simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3) 271:336 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 1 58 theme glycosylation 248:260 arg1 transmission 346:357 SHIV transmission 341:357 SHIV transmission 341:357 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 7 59 used used 915:918 arg2 MEGA 882:885 MEGA 882:885 MEGA 882:885 BioEdit, MEGA, and the HIV Databases were used to analyze envelope sequences. 27686764 7 59 used used 915:918 arg2 BioEdit 873:879 BioEdit 873:879 BioEdit 873:879 BioEdit, MEGA, and the HIV Databases were used to analyze envelope sequences. 27686764 7 59 used used 915:918 arg2 Databases 900:908 the HIV Databases 892:908 the HIV Databases 892:908 BioEdit, MEGA, and the HIV Databases were used to analyze envelope sequences. 27686764 6 60 theme full-length 786:796 arg1 gene 807:810 the full-length envelope gene 782:810 the full-length envelope gene 782:810 We amplified the full-length envelope gene by single genome amplification(SGA)at days 7, 14, 28 and 77. 27686764 11 61 theme potential 1389:1397 arg1 PNGSs 1428:1432 PNGSs 1428:1432 PNGSs 1428:1432 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 11 61 theme potential 1389:1397 arg1 sites 1422:1426 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1386:1426 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs) 1386:1433 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 2 62 theme adult 380:384 arg1 macaques 401:408 Two female adult Chinese rhesus macaques 369:408 Two female adult Chinese rhesus macaques(4 years old) 369:421 Methods: Two female adult Chinese rhesus macaques(4 years old)were intravenously inoculated with 300 TCID50 SHIVSF162P3. 27686764 16 63 gly glycosylation 2182:2194 arg1 loop 2218:2221 the SHIVSF162P3 V4 loop 2199:2221 the SHIVSF162P3 V4 loop 2199:2221 Conclusion: Low glycosylation of the SHIVSF162P3 V4 loop may facilitate spread of the SHIV virus whereas viruses with highly glycosylated V4 loops showed replication advantages after infection. 27686764 8 64 theme Sequence 951:958 arg1 diversity 960:968 Sequence diversity 951:968 Sequence diversity 951:968 Sequence diversity and N-linked glycosylation sites were compared between virus stock and plasma viruses of the two macaques. 27686764 1 65 theme immunodeficiency 284:299 arg1 virus 301:305 simian/human immunodeficiency virus 271:305 simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3) 271:336 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 11 66 link N-linked 1399:1406 arg1 PNGSs 1428:1432 PNGSs 1428:1432 PNGSs 1428:1432 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 11 66 link N-linked 1399:1406 arg1 sites 1422:1426 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1386:1426 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs) 1386:1433 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 14 67 theme PNGS 1948:1951 arg1 variation 1953:1961 PNGS variation 1948:1961 PNGS variation 1948:1961 By analyzing the number of PNGSs in the V1-V5 regions, we found that PNGS variation mainly occurred in the V4 loop. 27686764 8 68 theme macaques 1067:1074 arg1 stock 1031:1035 virus stock 1025:1035 virus stock 1025:1035 Sequence diversity and N-linked glycosylation sites were compared between virus stock and plasma viruses of the two macaques. 27686764 8 68 theme macaques 1067:1074 arg1 viruses 1048:1054 plasma viruses 1041:1054 plasma viruses 1041:1054 Sequence diversity and N-linked glycosylation sites were compared between virus stock and plasma viruses of the two macaques. 27686764 8 69 theme glycosylation 983:995 arg1 sites 997:1001 N-linked glycosylation sites 974:1001 N-linked glycosylation sites 974:1001 Sequence diversity and N-linked glycosylation sites were compared between virus stock and plasma viruses of the two macaques. 27686764 11 70 theme glycosylation 1408:1420 arg1 PNGSs 1428:1432 PNGSs 1428:1432 PNGSs 1428:1432 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 11 70 theme glycosylation 1408:1420 arg1 sites 1422:1426 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1386:1426 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs) 1386:1433 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 5 71 theme RNA 735:737 arg1 isolation 739:747 viral RNA isolation 729:747 viral RNA isolation 729:747 Subsequently, we monitored plasma viral load by real-time PCR after viral RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis. 27686764 16 72 with viruses 2271:2277 arg1 loops 2307:2311 highly glycosylated V4 loops 2284:2311 highly glycosylated V4 loops 2284:2311 Conclusion: Low glycosylation of the SHIVSF162P3 V4 loop may facilitate spread of the SHIV virus whereas viruses with highly glycosylated V4 loops showed replication advantages after infection. 27686764 0 73 theme rhesus 141:146 arg1 macaques 148:155 Chinese rhesus macaques 133:155 Chinese rhesus macaques 133:155 [Characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques during acute infection]. 27686764 1 74 link N-linked 239:246 arg1 sites 262:266 N-linked glycosylation sites 239:266 N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission 239:357 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 1 74 link N-linked 239:246 arg1 proteins 316:323 simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins 271:323 simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3) 271:336 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 1 74 link N-linked 239:246 arg1 transmission 346:357 SHIV transmission 341:357 SHIV transmission 341:357 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 0 75 from virus 104:108 arg1 blood 124:128 peripheral blood 113:128 peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques 113:155 [Characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques during acute infection]. 27686764 4 76 dep days 580:583 arg1 We 549:550 We 549:550 We 549:550 We collected plasma samples at days 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70 and 77 post-challenge. 27686764 4 76 dep days 580:583 arg1 samples 569:575 samples 569:575 samples 569:575 We collected plasma samples at days 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70 and 77 post-challenge. 27686764 4 76 dep days 580:583 arg1 collected 552:560 collected 552:560 collected 552:560 We collected plasma samples at days 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70 and 77 post-challenge. 27686764 4 76 dep days 580:583 arg1 at 577:578 at 577:578 at 577:578 We collected plasma samples at days 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70 and 77 post-challenge. 27686764 4 76 dep days 580:583 arg1 plasma 562:567 plasma 562:567 plasma 562:567 We collected plasma samples at days 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70 and 77 post-challenge. 27686764 5 77 theme real-time 709:717 arg1 PCR 719:721 real-time PCR 709:721 real-time PCR 709:721 Subsequently, we monitored plasma viral load by real-time PCR after viral RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis. 27686764 6 78 theme single 815:820 arg1 amplification 829:841 single genome amplification 815:841 single genome amplification(SGA)at days 7, 14, 28 and 77 815:870 We amplified the full-length envelope gene by single genome amplification(SGA)at days 7, 14, 28 and 77. 27686764 6 78 theme single 815:820 arg1 SGA 843:845 SGA 843:845 SGA 843:845 We amplified the full-length envelope gene by single genome amplification(SGA)at days 7, 14, 28 and 77. 27686764 16 79 theme virus 2257:2261 arg1 spread 2238:2243 spread 2238:2243 spread of the SHIV virus 2238:2261 Conclusion: Low glycosylation of the SHIVSF162P3 V4 loop may facilitate spread of the SHIV virus whereas viruses with highly glycosylated V4 loops showed replication advantages after infection. 27686764 15 80 located found 2080:2084 arg2 deletion 2067:2074 a seven amino acid(TWNNTIG)deletion 2040:2074 a seven amino acid(TWNNTIG)deletion 2040:2074 Compared with sequences containing 27 PNGSs, a seven amino acid(TWNNTIG)deletion was found in the V4 loop, which resulted in a loss of two PNGSs at positions 392 and 396. 27686764 15 80 located found 2080:2084 arg1 loop 2096:2099 the V4 loop 2089:2099 the V4 loop 2089:2099 Compared with sequences containing 27 PNGSs, a seven amino acid(TWNNTIG)deletion was found in the V4 loop, which resulted in a loss of two PNGSs at positions 392 and 396. 27686764 15 81 theme acid 2054:2057 arg1 deletion 2067:2074 a seven amino acid(TWNNTIG)deletion 2040:2074 a seven amino acid(TWNNTIG)deletion 2040:2074 Compared with sequences containing 27 PNGSs, a seven amino acid(TWNNTIG)deletion was found in the V4 loop, which resulted in a loss of two PNGSs at positions 392 and 396. 27686764 8 82 theme plasma 1041:1046 arg1 viruses 1048:1054 plasma viruses 1041:1054 plasma viruses 1041:1054 Sequence diversity and N-linked glycosylation sites were compared between virus stock and plasma viruses of the two macaques. 27686764 13 83 theme sequences 1788:1796 arg1 percentage 1774:1783 the percentage 1770:1783 the percentage of sequences containing 27 PNGSs 1770:1816 In Rh1, the percentage of sequences containing 27 PNGSs increased to 29% at day 28 and reached 35% at day 77 in Rh2. 27686764 9 84 dep % 1204:1204 arg1 0.096 1196:1200 0.096 1196:1200 0.096 1196:1200 Results: A total of 55 env sequences were obtained from virus stock and their average pairwise distances were(0.166 6± 0.096 3)%. 27686764 9 84 dep % 1204:1204 arg1 0.166 1187:1191 0.166 1187:1191 0.166 1187:1191 Results: A total of 55 env sequences were obtained from virus stock and their average pairwise distances were(0.166 6± 0.096 3)%. 27686764 12 85 contain containing 1721:1730 arg2 PNGSs 1735:1739 27 PNGSs 1732:1739 27 PNGSs 1732:1739 Viral diversity after infection increased with time whereas the proportion of sequences containing 25 PNGSs decreased and sequences containing 27 PNGSs gradually increased. 27686764 12 85 contain containing 1721:1730 arg1 sequences 1711:1719 sequences 1711:1719 sequences containing 27 PNGSs 1711:1739 Viral diversity after infection increased with time whereas the proportion of sequences containing 25 PNGSs decreased and sequences containing 27 PNGSs gradually increased. 27686764 10 86 dep reached 1273:1279 arg1 copies/ml 1325:1333 4.27 and 4.81 log10 copies/ml 1305:1333 4.27 and 4.81 log10 copies/ml 1305:1333 Viral loads peaked at 7.68 and 7.49 log10 copies/ml at day 10 and reached the set point at day 42(4.27 and 4.81 log10 copies/ml). 27686764 16 87 theme V4 2304:2305 arg1 loops 2307:2311 highly glycosylated V4 loops 2284:2311 highly glycosylated V4 loops 2284:2311 Conclusion: Low glycosylation of the SHIVSF162P3 V4 loop may facilitate spread of the SHIV virus whereas viruses with highly glycosylated V4 loops showed replication advantages after infection. 27686764 14 88 theme PNGSs 1906:1910 arg1 number 1896:1901 the number 1892:1901 the number of PNGSs in the V1-V5 regions 1892:1931 By analyzing the number of PNGSs in the V1-V5 regions, we found that PNGS variation mainly occurred in the V4 loop. 27686764 0 89 theme virus 104:108 arg1 proteins 62:69 envelope proteins 53:69 envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques 53:155 [Characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques during acute infection]. 27686764 0 90 theme peripheral 113:122 arg1 blood 124:128 peripheral blood 113:128 peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques 113:155 [Characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques during acute infection]. 27686764 9 91 theme env 1100:1102 arg1 sequences 1104:1112 55 env sequences 1097:1112 55 env sequences 1097:1112 Results: A total of 55 env sequences were obtained from virus stock and their average pairwise distances were(0.166 6± 0.096 3)%. 27686764 0 92 from proteins 62:69 arg1 [Characterization 0:16 [Characterization 0:16 [Characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques during acute infection 0:178 [Characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques during acute infection]. 27686764 0 92 from proteins 62:69 arg1 blood 124:128 peripheral blood 113:128 peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques 113:155 [Characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques during acute infection]. 27686764 10 93 theme Viral 1207:1211 arg1 loads 1213:1217 Viral loads 1207:1217 Viral loads 1207:1217 Viral loads peaked at 7.68 and 7.49 log10 copies/ml at day 10 and reached the set point at day 42(4.27 and 4.81 log10 copies/ml). 27686764 2 94 dep macaques 401:408 arg1 old 418:420 old 418:420 old 418:420 Methods: Two female adult Chinese rhesus macaques(4 years old)were intravenously inoculated with 300 TCID50 SHIVSF162P3. 27686764 1 95 gly glycosylation 248:260 arg1 transmission 346:357 SHIV transmission 341:357 SHIV transmission 341:357 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 1 95 gly glycosylation 248:260 arg1 proteins 316:323 simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins 271:323 simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3) 271:336 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 1 95 gly glycosylation 248:260 arg2 transmission 346:357 SHIV transmission 341:357 SHIV transmission 341:357 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 1 95 gly glycosylation 248:260 arg1 SHIVSF162P3 325:335 SHIVSF162P3 325:335 SHIVSF162P3 325:335 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 1 95 gly glycosylation 248:260 arg2 sites 262:266 N-linked glycosylation sites 239:266 N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission 239:357 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 1 95 gly glycosylation 248:260 arg2 proteins 316:323 simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins 271:323 simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3) 271:336 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 16 96 theme loop 2218:2221 arg1 glycosylation 2182:2194 Low glycosylation 2178:2194 Low glycosylation of the SHIVSF162P3 V4 loop 2178:2221 Conclusion: Low glycosylation of the SHIVSF162P3 V4 loop may facilitate spread of the SHIV virus whereas viruses with highly glycosylated V4 loops showed replication advantages after infection. 27686764 11 97 dep higher 1528:1533 arg1 % 1578:1578 49% 1576:1578 49%(27/55) 1576:1585 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 11 97 dep higher 1528:1533 arg1 27/55 1580:1584 27/55 1580:1584 27/55 1580:1584 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 6 98 from days 850:853 arg1 amplification 829:841 single genome amplification 815:841 single genome amplification(SGA)at days 7, 14, 28 and 77 815:870 We amplified the full-length envelope gene by single genome amplification(SGA)at days 7, 14, 28 and 77. 27686764 6 98 from days 850:853 arg1 SGA 843:845 SGA 843:845 SGA 843:845 We amplified the full-length envelope gene by single genome amplification(SGA)at days 7, 14, 28 and 77. 27686764 11 99 theme SHIVSF162P3 1558:1568 arg1 stock 1570:1574 SHIVSF162P3 stock 1558:1574 SHIVSF162P3 stock 1558:1574 The percentages of envelope sequences containing 25 potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGSs)were 83%(20/24)and 94%(29/31)in Rh1 and Rh2, respectively, at day 7; these were significantly higher than the proportion in SHIVSF162P3 stock(49%(27/55)). 27686764 0 100 theme glycosylation 30:42 arg1 sites 44:48 N-linked glycosylation sites 21:48 N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques 21:155 [Characterization of N-linked glycosylation sites on envelope proteins of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques during acute infection]. 27686764 1 101 theme proteins 316:323 arg1 sites 262:266 N-linked glycosylation sites 239:266 N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission 239:357 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 1 101 theme proteins 316:323 arg1 proteins 316:323 simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins 271:323 simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3) 271:336 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 1 101 theme proteins 316:323 arg1 transmission 346:357 SHIV transmission 341:357 SHIV transmission 341:357 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 15 102 theme TWNNTIG 2059:2065 arg1 deletion 2067:2074 a seven amino acid(TWNNTIG)deletion 2040:2074 a seven amino acid(TWNNTIG)deletion 2040:2074 Compared with sequences containing 27 PNGSs, a seven amino acid(TWNNTIG)deletion was found in the V4 loop, which resulted in a loss of two PNGSs at positions 392 and 396. 27686764 14 103 theme V4 1986:1987 arg1 loop 1989:1992 the V4 loop 1982:1992 the V4 loop 1982:1992 By analyzing the number of PNGSs in the V1-V5 regions, we found that PNGS variation mainly occurred in the V4 loop. 27686764 15 104 from loss 2122:2125 arg1 positions 2143:2151 positions 392 and 396 2143:2163 positions 392 and 396 2143:2163 Compared with sequences containing 27 PNGSs, a seven amino acid(TWNNTIG)deletion was found in the V4 loop, which resulted in a loss of two PNGSs at positions 392 and 396. 27686764 16 105 theme SHIV 2252:2255 arg1 virus 2257:2261 the SHIV virus 2248:2261 the SHIV virus 2248:2261 Conclusion: Low glycosylation of the SHIVSF162P3 V4 loop may facilitate spread of the SHIV virus whereas viruses with highly glycosylated V4 loops showed replication advantages after infection. 27686764 9 106 theme pairwise 1163:1170 arg1 distances 1172:1180 their average pairwise distances 1149:1180 their average pairwise distances 1149:1180 Results: A total of 55 env sequences were obtained from virus stock and their average pairwise distances were(0.166 6± 0.096 3)%. 27686764 1 107 theme transmission 346:357 arg1 sites 262:266 N-linked glycosylation sites 239:266 N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission 239:357 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 1 107 theme transmission 346:357 arg1 proteins 316:323 simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins 271:323 simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3) 271:336 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 1 107 theme transmission 346:357 arg1 transmission 346:357 SHIV transmission 341:357 SHIV transmission 341:357 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 16 108 theme Low 2178:2180 arg1 glycosylation 2182:2194 Low glycosylation 2178:2194 Low glycosylation of the SHIVSF162P3 V4 loop 2178:2221 Conclusion: Low glycosylation of the SHIVSF162P3 V4 loop may facilitate spread of the SHIV virus whereas viruses with highly glycosylated V4 loops showed replication advantages after infection. 27686764 4 109 theme post-challenge 645:658 arg1 days 580:583 days 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70 and 77 post-challenge 580:658 days 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70 and 77 post-challenge 580:658 We collected plasma samples at days 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70 and 77 post-challenge. 27686764 1 110 theme N-linked 239:246 arg1 sites 262:266 N-linked glycosylation sites 239:266 N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission 239:357 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 1 110 theme N-linked 239:246 arg1 proteins 316:323 simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins 271:323 simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3) 271:336 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 1 110 theme N-linked 239:246 arg1 transmission 346:357 SHIV transmission 341:357 SHIV transmission 341:357 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 13 111 contain containing 1798:1807 arg1 sequences 1788:1796 sequences 1788:1796 sequences containing 27 PNGSs 1788:1816 In Rh1, the percentage of sequences containing 27 PNGSs increased to 29% at day 28 and reached 35% at day 77 in Rh2. 27686764 13 111 contain containing 1798:1807 arg2 PNGSs 1812:1816 27 PNGSs 1809:1816 27 PNGSs 1809:1816 In Rh1, the percentage of sequences containing 27 PNGSs increased to 29% at day 28 and reached 35% at day 77 in Rh2. 27686764 14 112 from number 1896:1901 arg1 regions 1925:1931 the V1-V5 regions 1915:1931 the V1-V5 regions 1915:1931 By analyzing the number of PNGSs in the V1-V5 regions, we found that PNGS variation mainly occurred in the V4 loop. 27686764 15 113 contain containing 2019:2028 arg2 PNGSs 2033:2037 27 PNGSs 2030:2037 27 PNGSs 2030:2037 Compared with sequences containing 27 PNGSs, a seven amino acid(TWNNTIG)deletion was found in the V4 loop, which resulted in a loss of two PNGSs at positions 392 and 396. 27686764 15 113 contain containing 2019:2028 arg1 sequences 2009:2017 sequences 2009:2017 sequences containing 27 PNGSs 2009:2037 Compared with sequences containing 27 PNGSs, a seven amino acid(TWNNTIG)deletion was found in the V4 loop, which resulted in a loss of two PNGSs at positions 392 and 396. 27686764 1 114 dep number 212:217 arg1 the 208:210 the 208:210 the 208:210 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 8 115 gly glycosylation 983:995 arg2 sites 997:1001 N-linked glycosylation sites 974:1001 N-linked glycosylation sites 974:1001 Sequence diversity and N-linked glycosylation sites were compared between virus stock and plasma viruses of the two macaques. 27686764 2 116 theme Chinese 386:392 arg1 macaques 401:408 Two female adult Chinese rhesus macaques 369:408 Two female adult Chinese rhesus macaques(4 years old) 369:421 Methods: Two female adult Chinese rhesus macaques(4 years old)were intravenously inoculated with 300 TCID50 SHIVSF162P3. 27686764 1 117 theme sites 262:266 arg1 number 212:217 number 212:217 number 212:217 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 27686764 1 117 theme sites 262:266 arg1 distribution 223:234 distribution 223:234 distribution 223:234 Objective: To investigate the number and distribution of N-linked glycosylation sites of simian/human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins(SHIVSF162P3)and SHIV transmission. 28835497 14 0 theme membrane 2758:2765 arg1 fusion 2767:2772 virus-induced membrane fusion 2744:2772 virus-induced membrane fusion 2744:2772 This work adds to the growing reports regarding the importance of gK to alphaherpesvirus pathogenesis and details important structural features of gK that are involved in gK-mediated regulation of virus-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 6 1 theme known 873:877 arg1 contributions 879:891 the known contributions 869:891 the known contributions of N-linked glycosylation to protein processing and correct disulfide bond formation 869:976 Due to the known contributions of N-linked glycosylation to protein processing and correct disulfide bond formation, we investigated whether the conserved extracellular cysteine residues within the amino terminus of gK contributed to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 9 2 theme glycosylation 1692:1704 arg1 mutants 1711:1717 glycosylation site mutants 1692:1717 glycosylation site mutants 1692:1717 Specifically, cysteine mutations caused defects in the accumulation of infectious virus in both the cellular and supernatant fractions, while glycosylation site mutants did not adversely affect virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 4 3 theme conserved 575:583 arg1 gK 631:632 gK 631:632 gK 631:632 Here, we determined the role of the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK in virus-induced cell fusion and replication. 28835497 4 3 theme conserved 575:583 arg1 sites 622:626 the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites 567:626 the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK 567:632 Here, we determined the role of the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK in virus-induced cell fusion and replication. 28835497 4 4 theme gK 631:632 arg1 gK 631:632 gK 631:632 gK 631:632 Here, we determined the role of the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK in virus-induced cell fusion and replication. 28835497 4 4 theme gK 631:632 arg1 sites 622:626 the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites 567:626 the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK 567:632 Here, we determined the role of the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK in virus-induced cell fusion and replication. 28835497 12 5 from regulation 2277:2286 arg1 context 2311:2317 the context 2307:2317 the context of infection 2307:2330 gK and UL20, which are highly conserved across all alphaherpesviruses, play important roles in the regulation of HSV-1 fusion in the context of infection. 28835497 1 6 theme pathogenicity 199:211 arg1 Neurotropism 137:148 Neurotropism 137:148 Neurotropism 137:148 Neurotropism is a defining characteristic of alphaherpesvirus pathogenicity. 28835497 1 6 theme pathogenicity 199:211 arg1 characteristic 164:177 a defining characteristic 153:177 a defining characteristic of alphaherpesvirus pathogenicity 153:211 Neurotropism is a defining characteristic of alphaherpesvirus pathogenicity. 28835497 4 7 theme virus-induced 637:649 arg1 fusion 656:661 virus-induced cell fusion 637:661 virus-induced cell fusion 637:661 Here, we determined the role of the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK in virus-induced cell fusion and replication. 28835497 2 8 theme herpesvirus 322:332 arg1 subfamilies 334:344 other herpesvirus subfamilies 316:344 other herpesvirus subfamilies 316:344 Glycoprotein K (gK) is a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies. 28835497 6 9 theme disulfide 953:961 arg1 formation 968:976 correct disulfide bond formation 945:976 correct disulfide bond formation 945:976 Due to the known contributions of N-linked glycosylation to protein processing and correct disulfide bond formation, we investigated whether the conserved extracellular cysteine residues within the amino terminus of gK contributed to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 7 10 from reduction 1277:1285 arg1 production 1307:1316 infectious virus production 1290:1316 infectious virus production 1290:1316 We found that mutation of C37 and C114 residues led to a gK-null phenotype characterized by very small plaque formation and drastic reduction in infectious virus production, while mutation of C82 and C243 caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 8 11 from cells 1543:1547 arg1 egress 1522:1527 infectious virion egress 1504:1527 infectious virion egress from infected cells 1504:1547 Comparison of N-linked glycosylation and cysteine mutant replication kinetics identified disparate effects on infectious virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 11 12 theme membrane 2088:2095 arg1 process 2138:2144 a complex and highly regulated process 2107:2144 a complex and highly regulated process that is not clearly understood 2107:2175 Alphaherpesvirus-mediated membrane fusion is a complex and highly regulated process that is not clearly understood. 28835497 11 12 theme membrane 2088:2095 arg1 fusion 2097:2102 Alphaherpesvirus-mediated membrane fusion 2062:2102 Alphaherpesvirus-mediated membrane fusion 2062:2102 Alphaherpesvirus-mediated membrane fusion is a complex and highly regulated process that is not clearly understood. 28835497 8 13 theme replication 1451:1461 arg1 kinetics 1463:1470 cysteine mutant replication kinetics 1435:1470 cysteine mutant replication kinetics 1435:1470 Comparison of N-linked glycosylation and cysteine mutant replication kinetics identified disparate effects on infectious virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 7 14 theme cell 1381:1384 arg1 fusion 1386:1391 extensive virus-induced cell fusion 1357:1391 extensive virus-induced cell fusion 1357:1391 We found that mutation of C37 and C114 residues led to a gK-null phenotype characterized by very small plaque formation and drastic reduction in infectious virus production, while mutation of C82 and C243 caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 4 15 theme sites 622:626 arg1 role 559:562 the role 555:562 the role of the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK in virus-induced cell fusion and replication 555:677 Here, we determined the role of the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK in virus-induced cell fusion and replication. 28835497 10 16 theme K 2054:2054 arg1 terminus 2023:2030 the amino terminus 2013:2030 the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK) 2013:2059 These results demonstrate a critical role for the N glycosylation sites and cysteines for the structure and function of the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK). 28835497 2 17 theme conserved 239:247 arg1 K 227:227 Glycoprotein K 214:227 Glycoprotein K (gK) 214:232 Glycoprotein K (gK) is a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies. 28835497 2 17 theme conserved 239:247 arg1 glycoprotein 256:267 a conserved virion glycoprotein 237:267 a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies 237:344 Glycoprotein K (gK) is a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies. 28835497 13 18 theme mechanisms 2360:2369 arg1 understanding 2343:2355 A greater understanding 2333:2355 A greater understanding of mechanisms governing alphaherpesvirus membrane fusion 2333:2412 A greater understanding of mechanisms governing alphaherpesvirus membrane fusion is expected to inform the rational design of therapeutic and prevention strategies to combat herpesviral infection and pathogenesis. 28835497 10 19 from determinants 1997:2008 arg1 terminus 2023:2030 the amino terminus 2013:2030 the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK) 2013:2059 These results demonstrate a critical role for the N glycosylation sites and cysteines for the structure and function of the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK). 28835497 6 20 theme protein 922:928 arg1 processing 930:939 protein processing 922:939 protein processing 922:939 Due to the known contributions of N-linked glycosylation to protein processing and correct disulfide bond formation, we investigated whether the conserved extracellular cysteine residues within the amino terminus of gK contributed to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 9 21 theme infected 1763:1770 arg1 cells 1772:1776 infected cells 1763:1776 infected cells 1763:1776 Specifically, cysteine mutations caused defects in the accumulation of infectious virus in both the cellular and supernatant fractions, while glycosylation site mutants did not adversely affect virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 7 22 theme extensive 1357:1365 arg1 fusion 1386:1391 extensive virus-induced cell fusion 1357:1391 extensive virus-induced cell fusion 1357:1391 We found that mutation of C37 and C114 residues led to a gK-null phenotype characterized by very small plaque formation and drastic reduction in infectious virus production, while mutation of C82 and C243 caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 10 23 theme HSV-1 2035:2039 arg1 gK 2057:2058 gK 2057:2058 gK 2057:2058 These results demonstrate a critical role for the N glycosylation sites and cysteines for the structure and function of the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK). 28835497 10 23 theme HSV-1 2035:2039 arg1 K 2054:2054 HSV-1 glycoprotein K 2035:2054 HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK) 2035:2059 These results demonstrate a critical role for the N glycosylation sites and cysteines for the structure and function of the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK). 28835497 10 24 theme glycosylation 1831:1843 arg1 sites 1845:1849 the N glycosylation sites 1825:1849 the N glycosylation sites 1825:1849 These results demonstrate a critical role for the N glycosylation sites and cysteines for the structure and function of the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK). 28835497 6 25 theme glycosylation 905:917 arg1 contributions 879:891 the known contributions 869:891 the known contributions of N-linked glycosylation to protein processing and correct disulfide bond formation 869:976 Due to the known contributions of N-linked glycosylation to protein processing and correct disulfide bond formation, we investigated whether the conserved extracellular cysteine residues within the amino terminus of gK contributed to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 11 26 theme regulated 2128:2136 arg1 process 2138:2144 a complex and highly regulated process 2107:2144 a complex and highly regulated process that is not clearly understood 2107:2175 Alphaherpesvirus-mediated membrane fusion is a complex and highly regulated process that is not clearly understood. 28835497 11 26 theme regulated 2128:2136 arg1 fusion 2097:2102 Alphaherpesvirus-mediated membrane fusion 2062:2102 Alphaherpesvirus-mediated membrane fusion 2062:2102 Alphaherpesvirus-mediated membrane fusion is a complex and highly regulated process that is not clearly understood. 28835497 7 27 theme C243 1345:1348 arg1 mutation 1325:1332 mutation 1325:1332 mutation of C82 and C243 1325:1348 We found that mutation of C37 and C114 residues led to a gK-null phenotype characterized by very small plaque formation and drastic reduction in infectious virus production, while mutation of C82 and C243 caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 4 28 dep glycosylation 594:606 arg1 N58 617:619 N58 617:619 N58 617:619 Here, we determined the role of the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK in virus-induced cell fusion and replication. 28835497 4 28 dep glycosylation 594:606 arg1 N48 609:611 N48 609:611 N48 609:611 Here, we determined the role of the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK in virus-induced cell fusion and replication. 28835497 6 29 theme conserved 1007:1015 arg1 residues 1040:1047 the conserved extracellular cysteine residues 1003:1047 the conserved extracellular cysteine residues within the amino terminus of gK 1003:1079 Due to the known contributions of N-linked glycosylation to protein processing and correct disulfide bond formation, we investigated whether the conserved extracellular cysteine residues within the amino terminus of gK contributed to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 3 30 theme extracellular 351:363 arg1 important 407:415 important 407:415 important 407:415 The extracellular amino terminus of gK has been shown to be important to the ability of the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to enter neurons via axonal termini. 28835497 3 30 theme extracellular 351:363 arg1 terminus 371:378 The extracellular amino terminus 347:378 The extracellular amino terminus of gK 347:384 The extracellular amino terminus of gK has been shown to be important to the ability of the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to enter neurons via axonal termini. 28835497 8 31 theme infectious 1504:1513 arg1 egress 1522:1527 infectious virion egress 1504:1527 infectious virion egress from infected cells 1504:1547 Comparison of N-linked glycosylation and cysteine mutant replication kinetics identified disparate effects on infectious virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 7 32 theme C82 1337:1339 arg1 mutation 1325:1332 mutation 1325:1332 mutation of C82 and C243 1325:1348 We found that mutation of C37 and C114 residues led to a gK-null phenotype characterized by very small plaque formation and drastic reduction in infectious virus production, while mutation of C82 and C243 caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 6 33 theme extracellular 1017:1029 arg1 residues 1040:1047 the conserved extracellular cysteine residues 1003:1047 the conserved extracellular cysteine residues within the amino terminus of gK 1003:1079 Due to the known contributions of N-linked glycosylation to protein processing and correct disulfide bond formation, we investigated whether the conserved extracellular cysteine residues within the amino terminus of gK contributed to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 9 34 from defects 1590:1596 arg1 accumulation 1605:1616 the accumulation 1601:1616 the accumulation of infectious virus in both the cellular and supernatant fractions 1601:1683 Specifically, cysteine mutations caused defects in the accumulation of infectious virus in both the cellular and supernatant fractions, while glycosylation site mutants did not adversely affect virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 9 35 from cells 1772:1776 arg1 egress 1751:1756 virion egress 1744:1756 virion egress from infected cells 1744:1776 Specifically, cysteine mutations caused defects in the accumulation of infectious virus in both the cellular and supernatant fractions, while glycosylation site mutants did not adversely affect virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 7 36 theme gK-null 1202:1208 arg1 phenotype 1210:1218 a gK-null phenotype 1200:1218 a gK-null phenotype characterized by very small plaque formation and drastic reduction in infectious virus production 1200:1316 We found that mutation of C37 and C114 residues led to a gK-null phenotype characterized by very small plaque formation and drastic reduction in infectious virus production, while mutation of C82 and C243 caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 9 37 theme cysteine 1564:1571 arg1 mutations 1573:1581 cysteine mutations 1564:1581 cysteine mutations 1564:1581 Specifically, cysteine mutations caused defects in the accumulation of infectious virus in both the cellular and supernatant fractions, while glycosylation site mutants did not adversely affect virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 10 38 theme amino 1903:1907 arg1 terminus 1909:1916 the amino terminus 1899:1916 the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK) 1899:2059 These results demonstrate a critical role for the N glycosylation sites and cysteines for the structure and function of the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK). 28835497 3 39 theme gK 383:384 arg1 important 407:415 important 407:415 important 407:415 The extracellular amino terminus of gK has been shown to be important to the ability of the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to enter neurons via axonal termini. 28835497 3 39 theme gK 383:384 arg1 terminus 371:378 The extracellular amino terminus 347:378 The extracellular amino terminus of gK 347:384 The extracellular amino terminus of gK has been shown to be important to the ability of the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to enter neurons via axonal termini. 28835497 8 40 theme infected 1534:1541 arg1 cells 1543:1547 infected cells 1534:1547 infected cells 1534:1547 Comparison of N-linked glycosylation and cysteine mutant replication kinetics identified disparate effects on infectious virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 7 41 dep C37 1171:1173 arg1 residues 1184:1191 residues 1184:1191 residues 1184:1191 We found that mutation of C37 and C114 residues led to a gK-null phenotype characterized by very small plaque formation and drastic reduction in infectious virus production, while mutation of C82 and C243 caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 13 42 theme strategies 2486:2495 arg1 design 2449:2454 the rational design 2436:2454 the rational design of therapeutic and prevention strategies to combat herpesviral infection and pathogenesis 2436:2544 A greater understanding of mechanisms governing alphaherpesvirus membrane fusion is expected to inform the rational design of therapeutic and prevention strategies to combat herpesviral infection and pathogenesis. 28835497 0 43 theme Herpes 103:108 arg1 Virus 118:122 Herpes Simplex Virus 1 103:124 Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection 103:134 Cysteines and N-Glycosylation Sites Conserved among All Alphaherpesviruses Regulate Membrane Fusion in Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection. 28835497 14 44 theme alphaherpesvirus 2619:2634 arg1 pathogenesis 2636:2647 alphaherpesvirus pathogenesis 2619:2647 alphaherpesvirus pathogenesis 2619:2647 This work adds to the growing reports regarding the importance of gK to alphaherpesvirus pathogenesis and details important structural features of gK that are involved in gK-mediated regulation of virus-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 12 45 theme fusion 2297:2302 arg1 regulation 2277:2286 the regulation 2273:2286 the regulation of HSV-1 fusion in the context of infection 2273:2330 gK and UL20, which are highly conserved across all alphaherpesviruses, play important roles in the regulation of HSV-1 fusion in the context of infection. 28835497 12 46 theme HSV-1 2291:2295 arg1 fusion 2297:2302 HSV-1 fusion 2291:2302 HSV-1 fusion 2291:2302 gK and UL20, which are highly conserved across all alphaherpesviruses, play important roles in the regulation of HSV-1 fusion in the context of infection. 28835497 3 47 theme prototypic 439:448 arg1 virus 482:486 the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 435:488 the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) 435:496 The extracellular amino terminus of gK has been shown to be important to the ability of the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to enter neurons via axonal termini. 28835497 3 47 theme prototypic 439:448 arg1 HSV-1 491:495 HSV-1 491:495 HSV-1 491:495 The extracellular amino terminus of gK has been shown to be important to the ability of the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to enter neurons via axonal termini. 28835497 0 48 theme Virus 118:122 arg1 Infection 126:134 Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection 103:134 Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection 103:134 Cysteines and N-Glycosylation Sites Conserved among All Alphaherpesviruses Regulate Membrane Fusion in Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection. 28835497 12 49 theme important 2254:2262 arg1 roles 2264:2268 important roles 2254:2268 important roles 2254:2268 gK and UL20, which are highly conserved across all alphaherpesviruses, play important roles in the regulation of HSV-1 fusion in the context of infection. 28835497 10 50 theme neurotropic 1985:1995 arg1 determinants 1997:2008 important entry and neurotropic determinants 1965:2008 determinants 1997:2008 These results demonstrate a critical role for the N glycosylation sites and cysteines for the structure and function of the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK). 28835497 6 51 link N-linked 896:903 arg1 glycosylation 905:917 N-linked glycosylation 896:917 N-linked glycosylation 896:917 Due to the known contributions of N-linked glycosylation to protein processing and correct disulfide bond formation, we investigated whether the conserved extracellular cysteine residues within the amino terminus of gK contributed to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 5 52 theme N58 796:798 arg1 N58A 812:815 N58A 812:815 N58A 812:815 We found that N-linked glycosylation is important to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion since mutating N58 to alanine (N58A) caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 5 52 theme N58 796:798 arg1 alanine 803:809 N58 to alanine 796:809 N58 to alanine (N58A) 796:816 We found that N-linked glycosylation is important to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion since mutating N58 to alanine (N58A) caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 6 53 theme amino 1060:1064 arg1 terminus 1066:1073 the amino terminus 1056:1073 the amino terminus of gK 1056:1079 Due to the known contributions of N-linked glycosylation to protein processing and correct disulfide bond formation, we investigated whether the conserved extracellular cysteine residues within the amino terminus of gK contributed to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 3 54 theme virus 482:486 arg1 ability 424:430 the ability 420:430 the ability of the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to enter neurons via axonal termini 420:532 The extracellular amino terminus of gK has been shown to be important to the ability of the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to enter neurons via axonal termini. 28835497 0 55 theme N-Glycosylation 14:28 arg1 Sites 30:34 N-Glycosylation Sites 14:34 N-Glycosylation Sites 14:34 Cysteines and N-Glycosylation Sites Conserved among All Alphaherpesviruses Regulate Membrane Fusion in Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection. 28835497 9 56 theme infectious 1621:1630 arg1 virus 1632:1636 infectious virus 1621:1636 infectious virus 1621:1636 Specifically, cysteine mutations caused defects in the accumulation of infectious virus in both the cellular and supernatant fractions, while glycosylation site mutants did not adversely affect virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 3 57 theme herpes 467:472 arg1 virus 482:486 the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 435:488 the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) 435:496 The extracellular amino terminus of gK has been shown to be important to the ability of the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to enter neurons via axonal termini. 28835497 3 57 theme herpes 467:472 arg1 HSV-1 491:495 HSV-1 491:495 HSV-1 491:495 The extracellular amino terminus of gK has been shown to be important to the ability of the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to enter neurons via axonal termini. 28835497 1 58 theme alphaherpesvirus 182:197 arg1 pathogenicity 199:211 alphaherpesvirus pathogenicity 182:211 alphaherpesvirus pathogenicity 182:211 Neurotropism is a defining characteristic of alphaherpesvirus pathogenicity. 28835497 5 59 theme membrane 765:772 arg1 fusion 774:779 HSV-1-induced membrane fusion 751:779 HSV-1-induced membrane fusion 751:779 We found that N-linked glycosylation is important to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion since mutating N58 to alanine (N58A) caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 13 60 theme rational 2440:2447 arg1 design 2449:2454 the rational design 2436:2454 the rational design of therapeutic and prevention strategies to combat herpesviral infection and pathogenesis 2436:2544 A greater understanding of mechanisms governing alphaherpesvirus membrane fusion is expected to inform the rational design of therapeutic and prevention strategies to combat herpesviral infection and pathogenesis. 28835497 7 61 theme infectious 1290:1299 arg1 production 1307:1316 infectious virus production 1290:1316 infectious virus production 1290:1316 We found that mutation of C37 and C114 residues led to a gK-null phenotype characterized by very small plaque formation and drastic reduction in infectious virus production, while mutation of C82 and C243 caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 2 62 located found 307:311 arg2 glycoprotein 256:267 a conserved virion glycoprotein 237:267 a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies 237:344 Glycoprotein K (gK) is a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies. 28835497 2 62 located found 307:311 arg2 K 227:227 Glycoprotein K 214:227 Glycoprotein K (gK) 214:232 Glycoprotein K (gK) is a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies. 28835497 2 62 located found 307:311 arg1 subfamilies 334:344 other herpesvirus subfamilies 316:344 other herpesvirus subfamilies 316:344 Glycoprotein K (gK) is a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies. 28835497 8 63 theme N-linked 1408:1415 arg1 glycosylation 1417:1429 N-linked glycosylation 1408:1429 N-linked glycosylation 1408:1429 Comparison of N-linked glycosylation and cysteine mutant replication kinetics identified disparate effects on infectious virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 6 64 theme membrane 1128:1135 arg1 fusion 1137:1142 HSV-1-induced membrane fusion 1114:1142 HSV-1-induced membrane fusion 1114:1142 Due to the known contributions of N-linked glycosylation to protein processing and correct disulfide bond formation, we investigated whether the conserved extracellular cysteine residues within the amino terminus of gK contributed to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 10 65 theme gK.IMPORTANCE 1921:1933 arg1 terminus 1909:1916 the amino terminus 1899:1916 the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK) 1899:2059 These results demonstrate a critical role for the N glycosylation sites and cysteines for the structure and function of the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK). 28835497 1 66 theme defining 155:162 arg1 Neurotropism 137:148 Neurotropism 137:148 Neurotropism 137:148 Neurotropism is a defining characteristic of alphaherpesvirus pathogenicity. 28835497 1 66 theme defining 155:162 arg1 characteristic 164:177 a defining characteristic 153:177 a defining characteristic of alphaherpesvirus pathogenicity 153:211 Neurotropism is a defining characteristic of alphaherpesvirus pathogenicity. 28835497 4 67 theme N-linked 585:592 arg1 glycosylation 594:606 N-linked glycosylation 585:606 the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK 567:632 Here, we determined the role of the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK in virus-induced cell fusion and replication. 28835497 6 68 theme cysteine 1031:1038 arg1 residues 1040:1047 the conserved extracellular cysteine residues 1003:1047 the conserved extracellular cysteine residues within the amino terminus of gK 1003:1079 Due to the known contributions of N-linked glycosylation to protein processing and correct disulfide bond formation, we investigated whether the conserved extracellular cysteine residues within the amino terminus of gK contributed to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 8 69 theme mutant 1444:1449 arg1 kinetics 1463:1470 cysteine mutant replication kinetics 1435:1470 cysteine mutant replication kinetics 1435:1470 Comparison of N-linked glycosylation and cysteine mutant replication kinetics identified disparate effects on infectious virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 5 70 theme virus-induced 835:847 arg1 fusion 854:859 extensive virus-induced cell fusion 825:859 extensive virus-induced cell fusion 825:859 We found that N-linked glycosylation is important to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion since mutating N58 to alanine (N58A) caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 6 71 theme N-linked 896:903 arg1 glycosylation 905:917 N-linked glycosylation 896:917 N-linked glycosylation 896:917 Due to the known contributions of N-linked glycosylation to protein processing and correct disulfide bond formation, we investigated whether the conserved extracellular cysteine residues within the amino terminus of gK contributed to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 14 72 theme important 2661:2669 arg1 features 2682:2689 important structural features 2661:2689 important structural features of gK that are involved in gK-mediated regulation of virus-induced membrane fusion 2661:2772 This work adds to the growing reports regarding the importance of gK to alphaherpesvirus pathogenesis and details important structural features of gK that are involved in gK-mediated regulation of virus-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 7 73 theme plaque 1248:1253 arg1 formation 1255:1263 very small plaque formation 1237:1263 very small plaque formation 1237:1263 We found that mutation of C37 and C114 residues led to a gK-null phenotype characterized by very small plaque formation and drastic reduction in infectious virus production, while mutation of C82 and C243 caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 5 74 dep alanine 803:809 arg1 to 800:801 to 800:801 to 800:801 We found that N-linked glycosylation is important to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion since mutating N58 to alanine (N58A) caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 14 75 theme virus-induced 2744:2756 arg1 fusion 2767:2772 virus-induced membrane fusion 2744:2772 virus-induced membrane fusion 2744:2772 This work adds to the growing reports regarding the importance of gK to alphaherpesvirus pathogenesis and details important structural features of gK that are involved in gK-mediated regulation of virus-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 10 76 theme critical 1807:1814 arg1 role 1816:1819 a critical role 1805:1819 a critical role for the N glycosylation sites and cysteines for the structure and function of the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK) 1805:2059 These results demonstrate a critical role for the N glycosylation sites and cysteines for the structure and function of the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK). 28835497 10 77 gly glycosylation 1831:1843 arg2 sites 1845:1849 the N glycosylation sites 1825:1849 the N glycosylation sites 1825:1849 These results demonstrate a critical role for the N glycosylation sites and cysteines for the structure and function of the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK). 28835497 9 78 theme site 1706:1709 arg1 mutants 1711:1717 glycosylation site mutants 1692:1717 glycosylation site mutants 1692:1717 Specifically, cysteine mutations caused defects in the accumulation of infectious virus in both the cellular and supernatant fractions, while glycosylation site mutants did not adversely affect virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 6 79 theme fusion 1137:1142 arg1 regulation 1100:1109 the regulation 1096:1109 the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion 1096:1142 Due to the known contributions of N-linked glycosylation to protein processing and correct disulfide bond formation, we investigated whether the conserved extracellular cysteine residues within the amino terminus of gK contributed to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 5 80 link N-linked 694:701 arg1 glycosylation 703:715 N-linked glycosylation 694:715 N-linked glycosylation 694:715 We found that N-linked glycosylation is important to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion since mutating N58 to alanine (N58A) caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 13 81 theme membrane 2398:2405 arg1 fusion 2407:2412 alphaherpesvirus membrane fusion 2381:2412 alphaherpesvirus membrane fusion 2381:2412 A greater understanding of mechanisms governing alphaherpesvirus membrane fusion is expected to inform the rational design of therapeutic and prevention strategies to combat herpesviral infection and pathogenesis. 28835497 5 82 theme extensive 825:833 arg1 fusion 854:859 extensive virus-induced cell fusion 825:859 extensive virus-induced cell fusion 825:859 We found that N-linked glycosylation is important to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion since mutating N58 to alanine (N58A) caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 14 83 theme fusion 2767:2772 arg1 regulation 2730:2739 gK-mediated regulation 2718:2739 gK-mediated regulation of virus-induced membrane fusion 2718:2772 This work adds to the growing reports regarding the importance of gK to alphaherpesvirus pathogenesis and details important structural features of gK that are involved in gK-mediated regulation of virus-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 7 84 from formation 1255:1263 arg1 production 1307:1316 infectious virus production 1290:1316 infectious virus production 1290:1316 We found that mutation of C37 and C114 residues led to a gK-null phenotype characterized by very small plaque formation and drastic reduction in infectious virus production, while mutation of C82 and C243 caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 10 85 theme N 1829:1829 arg1 sites 1845:1849 the N glycosylation sites 1825:1849 the N glycosylation sites 1825:1849 These results demonstrate a critical role for the N glycosylation sites and cysteines for the structure and function of the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK). 28835497 5 86 theme cell 849:852 arg1 fusion 854:859 extensive virus-induced cell fusion 825:859 extensive virus-induced cell fusion 825:859 We found that N-linked glycosylation is important to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion since mutating N58 to alanine (N58A) caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 6 87 theme bond 963:966 arg1 formation 968:976 correct disulfide bond formation 945:976 correct disulfide bond formation 945:976 Due to the known contributions of N-linked glycosylation to protein processing and correct disulfide bond formation, we investigated whether the conserved extracellular cysteine residues within the amino terminus of gK contributed to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 10 88 dep structure 1873:1881 arg1 the 1869:1871 the 1869:1871 the 1869:1871 These results demonstrate a critical role for the N glycosylation sites and cysteines for the structure and function of the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK). 28835497 2 89 gly glycoprotein 256:267 arg1 K 227:227 Glycoprotein K 214:227 Glycoprotein K (gK) 214:232 Glycoprotein K (gK) is a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies. 28835497 2 89 gly glycoprotein 256:267 arg1 glycoprotein 256:267 a conserved virion glycoprotein 237:267 a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies 237:344 Glycoprotein K (gK) is a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies. 28835497 10 90 theme amino 2017:2021 arg1 terminus 2023:2030 the amino terminus 2013:2030 the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK) 2013:2059 These results demonstrate a critical role for the N glycosylation sites and cysteines for the structure and function of the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK). 28835497 2 91 theme other 316:320 arg1 subfamilies 334:344 other herpesvirus subfamilies 316:344 other herpesvirus subfamilies 316:344 Glycoprotein K (gK) is a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies. 28835497 13 92 theme greater 2335:2341 arg1 understanding 2343:2355 A greater understanding 2333:2355 A greater understanding of mechanisms governing alphaherpesvirus membrane fusion 2333:2412 A greater understanding of mechanisms governing alphaherpesvirus membrane fusion is expected to inform the rational design of therapeutic and prevention strategies to combat herpesviral infection and pathogenesis. 28835497 6 93 theme correct 945:951 arg1 formation 968:976 correct disulfide bond formation 945:976 correct disulfide bond formation 945:976 Due to the known contributions of N-linked glycosylation to protein processing and correct disulfide bond formation, we investigated whether the conserved extracellular cysteine residues within the amino terminus of gK contributed to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 9 94 theme virion 1744:1749 arg1 egress 1751:1756 virion egress 1744:1756 virion egress from infected cells 1744:1776 Specifically, cysteine mutations caused defects in the accumulation of infectious virus in both the cellular and supernatant fractions, while glycosylation site mutants did not adversely affect virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 9 95 dep fractions 1675:1683 arg1 both 1641:1644 both 1641:1644 both 1641:1644 Specifically, cysteine mutations caused defects in the accumulation of infectious virus in both the cellular and supernatant fractions, while glycosylation site mutants did not adversely affect virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 2 96 theme virion 249:254 arg1 K 227:227 Glycoprotein K 214:227 Glycoprotein K (gK) 214:232 Glycoprotein K (gK) is a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies. 28835497 2 96 theme virion 249:254 arg1 glycoprotein 256:267 a conserved virion glycoprotein 237:267 a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies 237:344 Glycoprotein K (gK) is a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies. 28835497 10 97 from entry 1975:1979 arg1 terminus 2023:2030 the amino terminus 2013:2030 the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK) 2013:2059 These results demonstrate a critical role for the N glycosylation sites and cysteines for the structure and function of the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK). 28835497 11 98 theme complex 2109:2115 arg1 process 2138:2144 a complex and highly regulated process 2107:2144 a complex and highly regulated process that is not clearly understood 2107:2175 Alphaherpesvirus-mediated membrane fusion is a complex and highly regulated process that is not clearly understood. 28835497 11 98 theme complex 2109:2115 arg1 fusion 2097:2102 Alphaherpesvirus-mediated membrane fusion 2062:2102 Alphaherpesvirus-mediated membrane fusion 2062:2102 Alphaherpesvirus-mediated membrane fusion is a complex and highly regulated process that is not clearly understood. 28835497 8 99 theme disparate 1483:1491 arg1 effects 1493:1499 disparate effects 1483:1499 disparate effects on infectious virion egress from infected cells 1483:1547 Comparison of N-linked glycosylation and cysteine mutant replication kinetics identified disparate effects on infectious virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 5 100 theme N-linked 694:701 arg1 glycosylation 703:715 N-linked glycosylation 694:715 N-linked glycosylation 694:715 We found that N-linked glycosylation is important to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion since mutating N58 to alanine (N58A) caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 7 101 theme virus-induced 1367:1379 arg1 fusion 1386:1391 extensive virus-induced cell fusion 1357:1391 extensive virus-induced cell fusion 1357:1391 We found that mutation of C37 and C114 residues led to a gK-null phenotype characterized by very small plaque formation and drastic reduction in infectious virus production, while mutation of C82 and C243 caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 2 102 theme alphaherpesviruses 276:293 arg1 K 227:227 Glycoprotein K 214:227 Glycoprotein K (gK) 214:232 Glycoprotein K (gK) is a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies. 28835497 2 102 theme alphaherpesviruses 276:293 arg1 glycoprotein 256:267 a conserved virion glycoprotein 237:267 a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies 237:344 Glycoprotein K (gK) is a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies. 28835497 11 103 theme Alphaherpesvirus-mediated 2062:2086 arg1 process 2138:2144 a complex and highly regulated process 2107:2144 a complex and highly regulated process that is not clearly understood 2107:2175 Alphaherpesvirus-mediated membrane fusion is a complex and highly regulated process that is not clearly understood. 28835497 11 103 theme Alphaherpesvirus-mediated 2062:2086 arg1 fusion 2097:2102 Alphaherpesvirus-mediated membrane fusion 2062:2102 Alphaherpesvirus-mediated membrane fusion 2062:2102 Alphaherpesvirus-mediated membrane fusion is a complex and highly regulated process that is not clearly understood. 28835497 8 104 link N-linked 1408:1415 arg1 glycosylation 1417:1429 N-linked glycosylation 1408:1429 N-linked glycosylation 1408:1429 Comparison of N-linked glycosylation and cysteine mutant replication kinetics identified disparate effects on infectious virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 8 105 theme virion 1515:1520 arg1 egress 1522:1527 infectious virion egress 1504:1527 infectious virion egress from infected cells 1504:1547 Comparison of N-linked glycosylation and cysteine mutant replication kinetics identified disparate effects on infectious virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 0 106 theme Membrane 84:91 arg1 Fusion 93:98 Membrane Fusion 84:98 Membrane Fusion 84:98 Cysteines and N-Glycosylation Sites Conserved among All Alphaherpesviruses Regulate Membrane Fusion in Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection. 28835497 9 107 from accumulation 1605:1616 arg1 fractions 1675:1683 both the cellular and supernatant fractions 1641:1683 fractions 1675:1683 Specifically, cysteine mutations caused defects in the accumulation of infectious virus in both the cellular and supernatant fractions, while glycosylation site mutants did not adversely affect virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 14 108 theme structural 2671:2680 arg1 features 2682:2689 important structural features 2661:2689 important structural features of gK that are involved in gK-mediated regulation of virus-induced membrane fusion 2661:2772 This work adds to the growing reports regarding the importance of gK to alphaherpesvirus pathogenesis and details important structural features of gK that are involved in gK-mediated regulation of virus-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 3 109 theme amino 365:369 arg1 important 407:415 important 407:415 important 407:415 The extracellular amino terminus of gK has been shown to be important to the ability of the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to enter neurons via axonal termini. 28835497 3 109 theme amino 365:369 arg1 terminus 371:378 The extracellular amino terminus 347:378 The extracellular amino terminus of gK 347:384 The extracellular amino terminus of gK has been shown to be important to the ability of the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to enter neurons via axonal termini. 28835497 12 110 theme infection 2322:2330 arg1 context 2311:2317 the context 2307:2317 the context of infection 2307:2330 gK and UL20, which are highly conserved across all alphaherpesviruses, play important roles in the regulation of HSV-1 fusion in the context of infection. 28835497 4 111 theme cell 651:654 arg1 fusion 656:661 virus-induced cell fusion 637:661 virus-induced cell fusion 637:661 Here, we determined the role of the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK in virus-induced cell fusion and replication. 28835497 14 112 theme gK-mediated 2718:2728 arg1 regulation 2730:2739 gK-mediated regulation 2718:2739 gK-mediated regulation of virus-induced membrane fusion 2718:2772 This work adds to the growing reports regarding the importance of gK to alphaherpesvirus pathogenesis and details important structural features of gK that are involved in gK-mediated regulation of virus-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 0 113 theme Simplex 110:116 arg1 Virus 118:122 Herpes Simplex Virus 1 103:124 Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection 103:134 Cysteines and N-Glycosylation Sites Conserved among All Alphaherpesviruses Regulate Membrane Fusion in Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection. 28835497 4 114 gly glycosylation 594:606 arg1 gK 631:632 gK 631:632 gK 631:632 Here, we determined the role of the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK in virus-induced cell fusion and replication. 28835497 4 114 gly glycosylation 594:606 arg2 gK 631:632 gK 631:632 gK 631:632 Here, we determined the role of the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK in virus-induced cell fusion and replication. 28835497 4 114 gly glycosylation 594:606 arg2 sites 622:626 the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites 567:626 the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK 567:632 Here, we determined the role of the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK in virus-induced cell fusion and replication. 28835497 4 114 gly glycosylation 594:606 arg2 two 571:573 two 571:573 two 571:573 Here, we determined the role of the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK in virus-induced cell fusion and replication. 28835497 10 115 gly glycoprotein 2041:2052 arg1 glycoprotein 2041:2052 HSV-1 glycoprotein K 2035:2054 HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK) 2035:2059 These results demonstrate a critical role for the N glycosylation sites and cysteines for the structure and function of the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK). 28835497 7 116 theme C114 1179:1182 arg1 mutation 1159:1166 mutation 1159:1166 mutation of C37 and C114 residues 1159:1191 We found that mutation of C37 and C114 residues led to a gK-null phenotype characterized by very small plaque formation and drastic reduction in infectious virus production, while mutation of C82 and C243 caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 13 117 theme herpesviral 2507:2517 arg1 infection 2519:2527 herpesviral infection 2507:2527 herpesviral infection 2507:2527 A greater understanding of mechanisms governing alphaherpesvirus membrane fusion is expected to inform the rational design of therapeutic and prevention strategies to combat herpesviral infection and pathogenesis. 28835497 6 118 theme gK 1078:1079 arg1 terminus 1066:1073 the amino terminus 1056:1073 the amino terminus of gK 1056:1079 Due to the known contributions of N-linked glycosylation to protein processing and correct disulfide bond formation, we investigated whether the conserved extracellular cysteine residues within the amino terminus of gK contributed to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 8 119 from effects 1493:1499 arg1 egress 1522:1527 infectious virion egress 1504:1527 infectious virion egress from infected cells 1504:1547 Comparison of N-linked glycosylation and cysteine mutant replication kinetics identified disparate effects on infectious virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 10 120 dep terminus 1909:1916 arg1 identified 1954:1963 identified 1954:1963 have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK) 1938:2059 These results demonstrate a critical role for the N glycosylation sites and cysteines for the structure and function of the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK). 28835497 3 121 theme alphaherpesvirus 450:465 arg1 virus 482:486 the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 435:488 the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) 435:496 The extracellular amino terminus of gK has been shown to be important to the ability of the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to enter neurons via axonal termini. 28835497 3 121 theme alphaherpesvirus 450:465 arg1 HSV-1 491:495 HSV-1 491:495 HSV-1 491:495 The extracellular amino terminus of gK has been shown to be important to the ability of the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to enter neurons via axonal termini. 28835497 4 122 from role 559:562 arg1 replication 667:677 replication 667:677 replication 667:677 Here, we determined the role of the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK in virus-induced cell fusion and replication. 28835497 4 122 from role 559:562 arg1 fusion 656:661 virus-induced cell fusion 637:661 virus-induced cell fusion 637:661 Here, we determined the role of the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK in virus-induced cell fusion and replication. 28835497 13 123 theme therapeutic 2459:2469 arg1 strategies 2486:2495 therapeutic and prevention strategies 2459:2495 strategies 2486:2495 A greater understanding of mechanisms governing alphaherpesvirus membrane fusion is expected to inform the rational design of therapeutic and prevention strategies to combat herpesviral infection and pathogenesis. 28835497 10 124 theme terminus 1909:1916 arg1 function 1887:1894 function 1887:1894 function 1887:1894 These results demonstrate a critical role for the N glycosylation sites and cysteines for the structure and function of the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK). 28835497 10 124 theme terminus 1909:1916 arg1 structure 1873:1881 structure 1873:1881 structure 1873:1881 These results demonstrate a critical role for the N glycosylation sites and cysteines for the structure and function of the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK). 28835497 13 125 theme prevention 2475:2484 arg1 strategies 2486:2495 therapeutic and prevention strategies 2459:2495 strategies 2486:2495 A greater understanding of mechanisms governing alphaherpesvirus membrane fusion is expected to inform the rational design of therapeutic and prevention strategies to combat herpesviral infection and pathogenesis. 28835497 7 126 theme virus 1301:1305 arg1 production 1307:1316 infectious virus production 1290:1316 infectious virus production 1290:1316 We found that mutation of C37 and C114 residues led to a gK-null phenotype characterized by very small plaque formation and drastic reduction in infectious virus production, while mutation of C82 and C243 caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 2 127 theme Glycoprotein 214:225 arg1 gK 230:231 gK 230:231 gK 230:231 Glycoprotein K (gK) is a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies. 28835497 2 127 theme Glycoprotein 214:225 arg1 glycoprotein 256:267 a conserved virion glycoprotein 237:267 a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies 237:344 Glycoprotein K (gK) is a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies. 28835497 2 127 theme Glycoprotein 214:225 arg1 K 227:227 Glycoprotein K 214:227 Glycoprotein K (gK) 214:232 Glycoprotein K (gK) is a conserved virion glycoprotein of all alphaherpesviruses that is not found in other herpesvirus subfamilies. 28835497 13 128 theme alphaherpesvirus 2381:2396 arg1 fusion 2407:2412 alphaherpesvirus membrane fusion 2381:2412 alphaherpesvirus membrane fusion 2381:2412 A greater understanding of mechanisms governing alphaherpesvirus membrane fusion is expected to inform the rational design of therapeutic and prevention strategies to combat herpesviral infection and pathogenesis. 28835497 5 129 theme HSV-1-induced 751:763 arg1 fusion 774:779 HSV-1-induced membrane fusion 751:779 HSV-1-induced membrane fusion 751:779 We found that N-linked glycosylation is important to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion since mutating N58 to alanine (N58A) caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 14 130 theme gK 2613:2614 arg1 importance 2599:2608 the importance 2595:2608 the importance of gK to alphaherpesvirus pathogenesis 2595:2647 This work adds to the growing reports regarding the importance of gK to alphaherpesvirus pathogenesis and details important structural features of gK that are involved in gK-mediated regulation of virus-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 9 131 theme virus 1632:1636 arg1 accumulation 1605:1616 the accumulation 1601:1616 the accumulation of infectious virus in both the cellular and supernatant fractions 1601:1683 Specifically, cysteine mutations caused defects in the accumulation of infectious virus in both the cellular and supernatant fractions, while glycosylation site mutants did not adversely affect virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 9 132 gly glycosylation 1692:1704 arg2 site 1706:1709 glycosylation site mutants 1692:1717 glycosylation site mutants 1692:1717 Specifically, cysteine mutations caused defects in the accumulation of infectious virus in both the cellular and supernatant fractions, while glycosylation site mutants did not adversely affect virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 9 132 gly glycosylation 1692:1704 arg2 mutants 1711:1717 glycosylation site mutants 1692:1717 glycosylation site mutants 1692:1717 Specifically, cysteine mutations caused defects in the accumulation of infectious virus in both the cellular and supernatant fractions, while glycosylation site mutants did not adversely affect virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 3 133 theme simplex 474:480 arg1 virus 482:486 the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 435:488 the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) 435:496 The extracellular amino terminus of gK has been shown to be important to the ability of the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to enter neurons via axonal termini. 28835497 3 133 theme simplex 474:480 arg1 HSV-1 491:495 HSV-1 491:495 HSV-1 491:495 The extracellular amino terminus of gK has been shown to be important to the ability of the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to enter neurons via axonal termini. 28835497 5 134 theme fusion 774:779 arg1 regulation 737:746 the regulation 733:746 the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion 733:779 We found that N-linked glycosylation is important to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion since mutating N58 to alanine (N58A) caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 4 135 link N-linked 585:592 arg1 glycosylation 594:606 N-linked glycosylation 585:606 the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK 567:632 Here, we determined the role of the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK in virus-induced cell fusion and replication. 28835497 7 136 theme drastic 1269:1275 arg1 reduction 1277:1285 drastic reduction 1269:1285 drastic reduction in infectious virus production 1269:1316 We found that mutation of C37 and C114 residues led to a gK-null phenotype characterized by very small plaque formation and drastic reduction in infectious virus production, while mutation of C82 and C243 caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 14 137 theme gK 2694:2695 arg1 features 2682:2689 important structural features 2661:2689 important structural features of gK that are involved in gK-mediated regulation of virus-induced membrane fusion 2661:2772 This work adds to the growing reports regarding the importance of gK to alphaherpesvirus pathogenesis and details important structural features of gK that are involved in gK-mediated regulation of virus-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 9 138 theme cellular 1650:1657 arg1 fractions 1675:1683 both the cellular and supernatant fractions 1641:1683 fractions 1675:1683 Specifically, cysteine mutations caused defects in the accumulation of infectious virus in both the cellular and supernatant fractions, while glycosylation site mutants did not adversely affect virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 6 139 theme HSV-1-induced 1114:1126 arg1 fusion 1137:1142 HSV-1-induced membrane fusion 1114:1142 HSV-1-induced membrane fusion 1114:1142 Due to the known contributions of N-linked glycosylation to protein processing and correct disulfide bond formation, we investigated whether the conserved extracellular cysteine residues within the amino terminus of gK contributed to the regulation of HSV-1-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 4 140 theme glycosylation 594:606 arg1 gK 631:632 gK 631:632 gK 631:632 Here, we determined the role of the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK in virus-induced cell fusion and replication. 28835497 4 140 theme glycosylation 594:606 arg1 sites 622:626 the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites 567:626 the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK 567:632 Here, we determined the role of the two conserved N-linked glycosylation (N48 and N58) sites of gK in virus-induced cell fusion and replication. 28835497 8 141 theme glycosylation 1417:1429 arg1 Comparison 1394:1403 Comparison 1394:1403 Comparison of N-linked glycosylation 1394:1429 Comparison of N-linked glycosylation and cysteine mutant replication kinetics identified disparate effects on infectious virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 8 141 theme glycosylation 1417:1429 arg1 kinetics 1463:1470 cysteine mutant replication kinetics 1435:1470 cysteine mutant replication kinetics 1435:1470 Comparison of N-linked glycosylation and cysteine mutant replication kinetics identified disparate effects on infectious virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 3 142 theme axonal 519:524 arg1 termini 526:532 axonal termini 519:532 axonal termini 519:532 The extracellular amino terminus of gK has been shown to be important to the ability of the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to enter neurons via axonal termini. 28835497 14 143 theme growing 2569:2575 arg1 reports 2577:2583 the growing reports 2565:2583 the growing reports regarding the importance of gK to alphaherpesvirus pathogenesis 2565:2647 This work adds to the growing reports regarding the importance of gK to alphaherpesvirus pathogenesis and details important structural features of gK that are involved in gK-mediated regulation of virus-induced membrane fusion. 28835497 9 144 theme supernatant 1663:1673 arg1 fractions 1675:1683 both the cellular and supernatant fractions 1641:1683 fractions 1675:1683 Specifically, cysteine mutations caused defects in the accumulation of infectious virus in both the cellular and supernatant fractions, while glycosylation site mutants did not adversely affect virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 7 145 theme small 1242:1246 arg1 formation 1255:1263 very small plaque formation 1237:1263 very small plaque formation 1237:1263 We found that mutation of C37 and C114 residues led to a gK-null phenotype characterized by very small plaque formation and drastic reduction in infectious virus production, while mutation of C82 and C243 caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 10 146 theme important 1965:1973 arg1 entry 1975:1979 important entry and neurotropic determinants 1965:2008 entry 1975:1979 These results demonstrate a critical role for the N glycosylation sites and cysteines for the structure and function of the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK). 28835497 8 147 theme cysteine 1435:1442 arg1 kinetics 1463:1470 cysteine mutant replication kinetics 1435:1470 cysteine mutant replication kinetics 1435:1470 Comparison of N-linked glycosylation and cysteine mutant replication kinetics identified disparate effects on infectious virion egress from infected cells. 28835497 7 148 theme C37 1171:1173 arg1 mutation 1159:1166 mutation 1159:1166 mutation of C37 and C114 residues 1159:1191 We found that mutation of C37 and C114 residues led to a gK-null phenotype characterized by very small plaque formation and drastic reduction in infectious virus production, while mutation of C82 and C243 caused extensive virus-induced cell fusion. 28835497 10 149 theme glycoprotein 2041:2052 arg1 gK 2057:2058 gK 2057:2058 gK 2057:2058 These results demonstrate a critical role for the N glycosylation sites and cysteines for the structure and function of the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK). 28835497 10 149 theme glycoprotein 2041:2052 arg1 K 2054:2054 HSV-1 glycoprotein K 2035:2054 HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK) 2035:2059 These results demonstrate a critical role for the N glycosylation sites and cysteines for the structure and function of the amino terminus of gK.IMPORTANCE We have previously identified important entry and neurotropic determinants in the amino terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein K (gK). 24174280 2 0 theme dynamic 418:424 arg1 changes 437:443 the dynamic amino acid changes 414:443 the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 414:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 0 1 from gain 9:12 arg1 stem 67:70 stem 67:70 stem 67:70 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 0 1 from gain 9:12 arg1 head 58:61 globular head 49:61 globular head 49:61 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 0 2 theme flu 141:143 arg1 survey 154:159 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey 128:159 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey 128:159 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 2 3 link N-linked 448:455 arg1 sites 471:475 N-linked glycosylation sites 448:475 N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 448:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 2 3 link N-linked 448:455 arg1 sequences 492:500 full length sequences 480:500 full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 480:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 6 4 theme virus 1181:1185 arg1 mutations 1137:1145 these mutations 1131:1145 these mutations 1131:1145 The relation between these mutations and virulence of influenza A/H3N2 virus needed to be verified in the further experiments. 24174280 6 4 theme virus 1181:1185 arg1 virulence 1151:1159 virulence 1151:1159 virulence of influenza A/H3N2 virus 1151:1185 The relation between these mutations and virulence of influenza A/H3N2 virus needed to be verified in the further experiments. 24174280 1 5 theme hemagglutinin 204:216 arg1 protein 223:229 the hemagglutinin (HA) protein 200:229 the hemagglutinin (HA) protein 200:229 Glycosylation on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus acts as an important target for recognition and destruction of virus by innate immune proteins of the collectin family. 24174280 5 6 from mutations 936:944 arg1 positions 957:965 several positions 949:965 several positions in the gene encoding the H3 of Tunisian strains 949:1013 Point mutations in several positions in the gene encoding the H3 of Tunisian strains were shown to ablate a glycan attachment site and also loss of a potential glycosylation site. 24174280 3 7 theme sites 830:834 arg1 gains 798:802 gains 798:802 gains 798:802 Compared to the reference strain, A/Perth/16/2009 substitutions in potential N-glycosylation sites were observed in 5 HA genes at five different positions (45, 124, 128, 144, and 145) generating the losses and gains of N-linked glycosylation sites. 24174280 3 7 theme sites 830:834 arg1 losses 787:792 the losses 783:792 the losses 783:792 Compared to the reference strain, A/Perth/16/2009 substitutions in potential N-glycosylation sites were observed in 5 HA genes at five different positions (45, 124, 128, 144, and 145) generating the losses and gains of N-linked glycosylation sites. 24174280 0 8 theme Tunisia 133:139 arg1 survey 154:159 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey 128:159 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey 128:159 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 1 9 theme innate 322:327 arg1 proteins 336:343 innate immune proteins 322:343 innate immune proteins of the collectin family 322:367 Glycosylation on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus acts as an important target for recognition and destruction of virus by innate immune proteins of the collectin family. 24174280 0 10 theme HA 75:76 arg1 stem 67:70 stem 67:70 stem 67:70 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 0 10 theme HA 75:76 arg1 head 58:61 globular head 49:61 globular head 49:61 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 0 11 from Loss 0:3 arg1 stem 67:70 stem 67:70 stem 67:70 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 0 11 from Loss 0:3 arg1 head 58:61 globular head 49:61 globular head 49:61 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 2 12 from genes 508:512 arg1 cases 581:585 mild, severe, and fatal cases 557:585 mild, severe, and fatal cases 557:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 2 13 theme N-linked 448:455 arg1 sites 471:475 N-linked glycosylation sites 448:475 N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 448:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 2 13 theme N-linked 448:455 arg1 sequences 492:500 full length sequences 480:500 full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 480:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 0 14 theme seasonal 145:152 arg1 survey 154:159 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey 128:159 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey 128:159 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 2 15 theme severe 563:568 arg1 cases 581:585 mild, severe, and fatal cases 557:585 mild, severe, and fatal cases 557:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 2 16 gly glycosylation 457:469 arg2 sites 471:475 N-linked glycosylation sites 448:475 N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 448:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 2 16 gly glycosylation 457:469 arg2 sequences 492:500 full length sequences 480:500 full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 480:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 2 16 gly glycosylation 457:469 arg1 sequences 492:500 full length sequences 480:500 full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 480:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 5 17 from positions 957:965 arg1 gene 974:977 the gene 970:977 the gene encoding the H3 of Tunisian strains 970:1013 Point mutations in several positions in the gene encoding the H3 of Tunisian strains were shown to ablate a glycan attachment site and also loss of a potential glycosylation site. 24174280 0 18 from sites 40:44 arg1 stem 67:70 stem 67:70 stem 67:70 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 0 18 from sites 40:44 arg1 head 58:61 globular head 49:61 globular head 49:61 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 1 19 gly Glycosylation 162:174 arg1 virus 244:248 influenza virus 234:248 influenza virus 234:248 Glycosylation on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus acts as an important target for recognition and destruction of virus by innate immune proteins of the collectin family. 24174280 5 20 gly glycosylation 1090:1102 arg2 site 1104:1107 a potential glycosylation site 1078:1107 a potential glycosylation site 1078:1107 Point mutations in several positions in the gene encoding the H3 of Tunisian strains were shown to ablate a glycan attachment site and also loss of a potential glycosylation site. 24174280 5 21 theme potential 1080:1088 arg1 site 1104:1107 a potential glycosylation site 1078:1107 a potential glycosylation site 1078:1107 Point mutations in several positions in the gene encoding the H3 of Tunisian strains were shown to ablate a glycan attachment site and also loss of a potential glycosylation site. 24174280 1 22 theme virus 313:317 arg1 recognition 282:292 recognition 282:292 recognition 282:292 Glycosylation on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus acts as an important target for recognition and destruction of virus by innate immune proteins of the collectin family. 24174280 1 22 theme virus 313:317 arg1 destruction 298:308 destruction 298:308 destruction 298:308 Glycosylation on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus acts as an important target for recognition and destruction of virus by innate immune proteins of the collectin family. 24174280 2 23 theme fatal 575:579 arg1 cases 581:585 mild, severe, and fatal cases 557:585 mild, severe, and fatal cases 557:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 5 24 theme attachment 1045:1054 arg1 site 1056:1059 a glycan attachment site 1036:1059 a glycan attachment site 1036:1059 Point mutations in several positions in the gene encoding the H3 of Tunisian strains were shown to ablate a glycan attachment site and also loss of a potential glycosylation site. 24174280 3 25 theme different 723:731 arg1 positions 733:741 five different positions 718:741 five different positions (45, 124, 128, 144, and 145) generating the losses and gains of N-linked glycosylation sites 718:834 Compared to the reference strain, A/Perth/16/2009 substitutions in potential N-glycosylation sites were observed in 5 HA genes at five different positions (45, 124, 128, 144, and 145) generating the losses and gains of N-linked glycosylation sites. 24174280 3 26 theme N-glycosylation 665:679 arg1 sites 681:685 potential N-glycosylation sites 655:685 potential N-glycosylation sites 655:685 Compared to the reference strain, A/Perth/16/2009 substitutions in potential N-glycosylation sites were observed in 5 HA genes at five different positions (45, 124, 128, 144, and 145) generating the losses and gains of N-linked glycosylation sites. 24174280 2 27 theme isolates 543:550 arg1 genes 508:512 HA genes 505:512 HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 505:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 4 28 theme mutation 846:853 arg1 N145S 855:859 the mutation N145S 842:859 the mutation N145S 842:859 Also the mutation N145S was presented in the receptor-binding site of all segments analyzed. 24174280 6 29 theme A/H3N2 1174:1179 arg1 virus 1181:1185 influenza A/H3N2 virus 1164:1185 influenza A/H3N2 virus 1164:1185 The relation between these mutations and virulence of influenza A/H3N2 virus needed to be verified in the further experiments. 24174280 2 30 theme current 377:383 arg1 study 385:389 the current study 373:389 the current study 373:389 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 1 31 theme protein 223:229 arg1 head 192:195 the globular head 179:195 the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein 179:229 Glycosylation on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus acts as an important target for recognition and destruction of virus by innate immune proteins of the collectin family. 24174280 2 32 theme strains 535:541 arg1 isolates 543:550 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates 517:550 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 517:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 2 33 theme mild 557:560 arg1 cases 581:585 mild, severe, and fatal cases 557:585 mild, severe, and fatal cases 557:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 5 34 theme Tunisian 998:1005 arg1 strains 1007:1013 Tunisian strains 998:1013 Tunisian strains 998:1013 Point mutations in several positions in the gene encoding the H3 of Tunisian strains were shown to ablate a glycan attachment site and also loss of a potential glycosylation site. 24174280 2 35 theme A/H3N2 519:524 arg1 isolates 543:550 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates 517:550 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 517:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 4 36 theme segments 911:918 arg1 site 899:902 the receptor-binding site 878:902 the receptor-binding site of all segments analyzed 878:927 Also the mutation N145S was presented in the receptor-binding site of all segments analyzed. 24174280 4 36 theme segments 911:918 arg1 segments 911:918 all segments 907:918 all segments analyzed 907:927 Also the mutation N145S was presented in the receptor-binding site of all segments analyzed. 24174280 5 37 theme glycan 1038:1043 arg1 site 1056:1059 a glycan attachment site 1036:1059 a glycan attachment site 1036:1059 Point mutations in several positions in the gene encoding the H3 of Tunisian strains were shown to ablate a glycan attachment site and also loss of a potential glycosylation site. 24174280 2 38 theme length 485:490 arg1 sequences 492:500 full length sequences 480:500 full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 480:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 0 39 link N-linked 17:24 arg1 sites 40:44 N-linked glycosylation sites 17:44 N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA 17:76 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 3 40 theme N-linked 807:814 arg1 sites 830:834 N-linked glycosylation sites 807:834 N-linked glycosylation sites 807:834 Compared to the reference strain, A/Perth/16/2009 substitutions in potential N-glycosylation sites were observed in 5 HA genes at five different positions (45, 124, 128, 144, and 145) generating the losses and gains of N-linked glycosylation sites. 24174280 1 41 theme influenza 234:242 arg1 virus 244:248 influenza virus 234:248 influenza virus 234:248 Glycosylation on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus acts as an important target for recognition and destruction of virus by innate immune proteins of the collectin family. 24174280 2 42 theme full 480:483 arg1 sequences 492:500 full length sequences 480:500 full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 480:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 0 43 from stem 67:70 arg1 gain 9:12 gain 9:12 gain 9:12 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 0 43 from stem 67:70 arg1 Loss 0:3 Loss 0:3 Loss 0:3 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 6 44 theme further 1216:1222 arg1 experiments 1224:1234 the further experiments 1212:1234 the further experiments 1212:1234 The relation between these mutations and virulence of influenza A/H3N2 virus needed to be verified in the further experiments. 24174280 0 45 theme glycosylation 26:38 arg1 sites 40:44 N-linked glycosylation sites 17:44 N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA 17:76 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 1 46 theme virus 244:248 arg1 Glycosylation 162:174 Glycosylation 162:174 Glycosylation on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus 162:248 Glycosylation on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus acts as an important target for recognition and destruction of virus by innate immune proteins of the collectin family. 24174280 1 46 theme virus 244:248 arg1 target 271:276 an important target 258:276 an important target for recognition and destruction of virus by innate immune proteins of the collectin family 258:367 Glycosylation on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus acts as an important target for recognition and destruction of virus by innate immune proteins of the collectin family. 24174280 1 47 theme immune 329:334 arg1 proteins 336:343 innate immune proteins 322:343 innate immune proteins of the collectin family 322:367 Glycosylation on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus acts as an important target for recognition and destruction of virus by innate immune proteins of the collectin family. 24174280 3 48 gly glycosylation 816:828 arg2 sites 830:834 N-linked glycosylation sites 807:834 N-linked glycosylation sites 807:834 Compared to the reference strain, A/Perth/16/2009 substitutions in potential N-glycosylation sites were observed in 5 HA genes at five different positions (45, 124, 128, 144, and 145) generating the losses and gains of N-linked glycosylation sites. 24174280 0 49 theme N-linked 17:24 arg1 sites 40:44 N-linked glycosylation sites 17:44 N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA 17:76 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 3 50 located observed 692:699 arg1 sites 681:685 potential N-glycosylation sites 655:685 potential N-glycosylation sites 655:685 Compared to the reference strain, A/Perth/16/2009 substitutions in potential N-glycosylation sites were observed in 5 HA genes at five different positions (45, 124, 128, 144, and 145) generating the losses and gains of N-linked glycosylation sites. 24174280 3 50 located observed 692:699 arg1 genes 709:713 5 HA genes 704:713 5 HA genes 704:713 Compared to the reference strain, A/Perth/16/2009 substitutions in potential N-glycosylation sites were observed in 5 HA genes at five different positions (45, 124, 128, 144, and 145) generating the losses and gains of N-linked glycosylation sites. 24174280 3 50 located observed 692:699 arg2 substitutions 638:650 A/Perth/16/2009 substitutions 622:650 A/Perth/16/2009 substitutions 622:650 Compared to the reference strain, A/Perth/16/2009 substitutions in potential N-glycosylation sites were observed in 5 HA genes at five different positions (45, 124, 128, 144, and 145) generating the losses and gains of N-linked glycosylation sites. 24174280 3 50 located observed 692:699 arg1 positions 733:741 five different positions 718:741 five different positions (45, 124, 128, 144, and 145) generating the losses and gains of N-linked glycosylation sites 718:834 Compared to the reference strain, A/Perth/16/2009 substitutions in potential N-glycosylation sites were observed in 5 HA genes at five different positions (45, 124, 128, 144, and 145) generating the losses and gains of N-linked glycosylation sites. 24174280 0 51 from head 58:61 arg1 gain 9:12 gain 9:12 gain 9:12 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 0 51 from head 58:61 arg1 Loss 0:3 Loss 0:3 Loss 0:3 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 4 52 theme receptor-binding 882:897 arg1 site 899:902 the receptor-binding site 878:902 the receptor-binding site of all segments analyzed 878:927 Also the mutation N145S was presented in the receptor-binding site of all segments analyzed. 24174280 4 52 theme receptor-binding 882:897 arg1 segments 911:918 all segments 907:918 all segments analyzed 907:927 Also the mutation N145S was presented in the receptor-binding site of all segments analyzed. 24174280 2 53 theme glycosylation 457:469 arg1 sites 471:475 N-linked glycosylation sites 448:475 N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 448:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 2 53 theme glycosylation 457:469 arg1 sequences 492:500 full length sequences 480:500 full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 480:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 2 54 theme genes 508:512 arg1 sequences 492:500 full length sequences 480:500 full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 480:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 2 55 theme amino 426:430 arg1 changes 437:443 the dynamic amino acid changes 414:443 the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 414:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 3 56 gly N-glycosylation 665:679 arg2 sites 681:685 potential N-glycosylation sites 655:685 potential N-glycosylation sites 655:685 Compared to the reference strain, A/Perth/16/2009 substitutions in potential N-glycosylation sites were observed in 5 HA genes at five different positions (45, 124, 128, 144, and 145) generating the losses and gains of N-linked glycosylation sites. 24174280 2 57 theme Tunisian 526:533 arg1 isolates 543:550 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates 517:550 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 517:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 0 58 theme sites 40:44 arg1 gain 9:12 gain 9:12 gain 9:12 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 0 58 theme sites 40:44 arg1 Loss 0:3 Loss 0:3 Loss 0:3 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 3 59 link N-linked 807:814 arg1 sites 830:834 N-linked glycosylation sites 807:834 N-linked glycosylation sites 807:834 Compared to the reference strain, A/Perth/16/2009 substitutions in potential N-glycosylation sites were observed in 5 HA genes at five different positions (45, 124, 128, 144, and 145) generating the losses and gains of N-linked glycosylation sites. 24174280 0 60 theme severe 108:113 arg1 cases 115:119 A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases 87:119 cases 115:119 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 3 61 dep positions 733:741 arg1 144 758:760 144 758:760 144 758:760 Compared to the reference strain, A/Perth/16/2009 substitutions in potential N-glycosylation sites were observed in 5 HA genes at five different positions (45, 124, 128, 144, and 145) generating the losses and gains of N-linked glycosylation sites. 24174280 3 61 dep positions 733:741 arg1 145 767:769 145 767:769 145 767:769 Compared to the reference strain, A/Perth/16/2009 substitutions in potential N-glycosylation sites were observed in 5 HA genes at five different positions (45, 124, 128, 144, and 145) generating the losses and gains of N-linked glycosylation sites. 24174280 3 62 theme glycosylation 816:828 arg1 sites 830:834 N-linked glycosylation sites 807:834 N-linked glycosylation sites 807:834 Compared to the reference strain, A/Perth/16/2009 substitutions in potential N-glycosylation sites were observed in 5 HA genes at five different positions (45, 124, 128, 144, and 145) generating the losses and gains of N-linked glycosylation sites. 24174280 1 63 theme important 261:269 arg1 Glycosylation 162:174 Glycosylation 162:174 Glycosylation on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus 162:248 Glycosylation on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus acts as an important target for recognition and destruction of virus by innate immune proteins of the collectin family. 24174280 1 63 theme important 261:269 arg1 target 271:276 an important target 258:276 an important target for recognition and destruction of virus by innate immune proteins of the collectin family 258:367 Glycosylation on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus acts as an important target for recognition and destruction of virus by innate immune proteins of the collectin family. 24174280 0 64 theme 2013 128:131 arg1 survey 154:159 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey 128:159 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey 128:159 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 1 65 theme collectin 352:360 arg1 family 362:367 the collectin family 348:367 the collectin family 348:367 Glycosylation on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus acts as an important target for recognition and destruction of virus by innate immune proteins of the collectin family. 24174280 1 66 from Glycosylation 162:174 arg1 head 192:195 the globular head 179:195 the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein 179:229 Glycosylation on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus acts as an important target for recognition and destruction of virus by innate immune proteins of the collectin family. 24174280 3 67 theme potential 655:663 arg1 sites 681:685 potential N-glycosylation sites 655:685 potential N-glycosylation sites 655:685 Compared to the reference strain, A/Perth/16/2009 substitutions in potential N-glycosylation sites were observed in 5 HA genes at five different positions (45, 124, 128, 144, and 145) generating the losses and gains of N-linked glycosylation sites. 24174280 6 68 theme influenza 1164:1172 arg1 virus 1181:1185 influenza A/H3N2 virus 1164:1185 influenza A/H3N2 virus 1164:1185 The relation between these mutations and virulence of influenza A/H3N2 virus needed to be verified in the further experiments. 24174280 1 69 theme globular 183:190 arg1 head 192:195 the globular head 179:195 the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein 179:229 Glycosylation on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus acts as an important target for recognition and destruction of virus by innate immune proteins of the collectin family. 24174280 2 70 theme sequences 492:500 arg1 sites 471:475 N-linked glycosylation sites 448:475 N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 448:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 2 70 theme sequences 492:500 arg1 sequences 492:500 full length sequences 480:500 full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 480:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 1 71 theme family 362:367 arg1 proteins 336:343 innate immune proteins 322:343 innate immune proteins of the collectin family 322:367 Glycosylation on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus acts as an important target for recognition and destruction of virus by innate immune proteins of the collectin family. 24174280 0 72 gly glycosylation 26:38 arg2 sites 40:44 N-linked glycosylation sites 17:44 N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA 17:76 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 5 73 theme several 949:955 arg1 positions 957:965 several positions 949:965 several positions in the gene encoding the H3 of Tunisian strains 949:1013 Point mutations in several positions in the gene encoding the H3 of Tunisian strains were shown to ablate a glycan attachment site and also loss of a potential glycosylation site. 24174280 5 74 theme Point 930:934 arg1 mutations 936:944 Point mutations 930:944 Point mutations in several positions in the gene encoding the H3 of Tunisian strains 930:1013 Point mutations in several positions in the gene encoding the H3 of Tunisian strains were shown to ablate a glycan attachment site and also loss of a potential glycosylation site. 24174280 2 75 from sites 471:475 arg1 changes 437:443 the dynamic amino acid changes 414:443 the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 414:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 2 76 theme acid 432:435 arg1 changes 437:443 the dynamic amino acid changes 414:443 the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 414:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 5 77 theme strains 1007:1013 arg1 H3 992:993 the H3 988:993 the H3 of Tunisian strains 988:1013 Point mutations in several positions in the gene encoding the H3 of Tunisian strains were shown to ablate a glycan attachment site and also loss of a potential glycosylation site. 24174280 2 78 from cases 581:585 arg1 isolates 543:550 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates 517:550 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 517:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 2 78 from cases 581:585 arg1 genes 508:512 HA genes 505:512 HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases 505:585 In the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at N-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of HA genes of 5 A/H3N2 Tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. 24174280 5 79 theme glycosylation 1090:1102 arg1 site 1104:1107 a potential glycosylation site 1078:1107 a potential glycosylation site 1078:1107 Point mutations in several positions in the gene encoding the H3 of Tunisian strains were shown to ablate a glycan attachment site and also loss of a potential glycosylation site. 24174280 0 80 theme globular 49:56 arg1 head 58:61 globular head 49:61 globular head 49:61 Loss and gain of N-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of HA found in A/H3N2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 Tunisia flu seasonal survey. 24174280 3 81 theme reference 604:612 arg1 strain 614:619 the reference strain 600:619 the reference strain 600:619 Compared to the reference strain, A/Perth/16/2009 substitutions in potential N-glycosylation sites were observed in 5 HA genes at five different positions (45, 124, 128, 144, and 145) generating the losses and gains of N-linked glycosylation sites. 24174280 5 82 theme site 1104:1107 arg1 loss 1070:1073 loss 1070:1073 loss of a potential glycosylation site 1070:1107 Point mutations in several positions in the gene encoding the H3 of Tunisian strains were shown to ablate a glycan attachment site and also loss of a potential glycosylation site. 24174280 3 83 theme HA 706:707 arg1 genes 709:713 5 HA genes 704:713 5 HA genes 704:713 Compared to the reference strain, A/Perth/16/2009 substitutions in potential N-glycosylation sites were observed in 5 HA genes at five different positions (45, 124, 128, 144, and 145) generating the losses and gains of N-linked glycosylation sites. 28797096 7 0 theme proposed 1086:1093 arg1 tool 1095:1098 proposed tool 1086:1098 proposed tool 1086:1098 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 1 1 theme modification 159:170 arg1 modification 159:170 the most complex post translation modification 125:170 the most complex post translation modification in eukaryotic cells 125:190 Glycosylation is one of the most complex post translation modification in eukaryotic cells. 28797096 1 1 theme modification 159:170 arg1 one 118:120 one 118:120 one 118:120 Glycosylation is one of the most complex post translation modification in eukaryotic cells. 28797096 7 2 theme cross-validation 928:943 arg1 results 908:914 The results 904:914 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient 904:1054 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 0 3 theme statistical 80:90 arg1 moments 92:98 statistical moments 80:98 statistical moments 80:98 Prediction of N-linked glycosylation sites using position relative features and statistical moments. 28797096 5 4 theme comprehensive 654:666 arg1 technique 668:676 a comprehensive technique 652:676 a comprehensive technique for the identification of N-linked glycosylation sites 652:731 In this study, a comprehensive technique for the identification of N-linked glycosylation sites has been proposed using machine learning. 28797096 1 5 from modification 159:170 arg1 cells 186:190 eukaryotic cells 175:190 eukaryotic cells 175:190 Glycosylation is one of the most complex post translation modification in eukaryotic cells. 28797096 2 6 theme cell-cell 341:349 arg1 communication 351:363 cell-cell communication 341:363 cell-cell communication 341:363 Almost 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated as glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding. 28797096 3 7 gly glycosylation 449:461 arg2 sites 463:467 glycosylation sites 449:467 glycosylation sites in protein sequences 449:488 It is a significant challenge to identify glycosylation sites in protein sequences as experimental methods are time taking and expensive. 28797096 0 8 link N-linked 14:21 arg1 sites 37:41 N-linked glycosylation sites 14:41 N-linked glycosylation sites 14:41 Prediction of N-linked glycosylation sites using position relative features and statistical moments. 28797096 2 9 theme various 281:287 arg1 recognition 328:338 antigen's recognition 318:338 antigen's recognition 318:338 Almost 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated as glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding. 28797096 2 9 theme various 281:287 arg1 functions 300:308 various biological functions 281:308 various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding 281:404 Almost 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated as glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding. 28797096 2 9 theme various 281:287 arg1 expression 366:375 expression 366:375 expression of genes 366:384 Almost 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated as glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding. 28797096 2 9 theme various 281:287 arg1 folding 398:404 protein folding 390:404 protein folding 390:404 Almost 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated as glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding. 28797096 2 9 theme various 281:287 arg1 communication 351:363 cell-cell communication 341:363 cell-cell communication 341:363 Almost 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated as glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding. 28797096 3 10 dep taking 523:528 arg1 time 518:521 time 518:521 time 518:521 It is a significant challenge to identify glycosylation sites in protein sequences as experimental methods are time taking and expensive. 28797096 5 11 theme machine 757:763 arg1 learning 765:772 machine learning 757:772 machine learning 757:772 In this study, a comprehensive technique for the identification of N-linked glycosylation sites has been proposed using machine learning. 28797096 6 12 theme up-to-date 819:828 arg1 dataset 830:836 an up-to-date dataset 816:836 an up-to-date dataset through back propagation algorithm for multilayer neural network 816:901 The proposed predictor was trained using an up-to-date dataset through back propagation algorithm for multilayer neural network. 28797096 1 13 theme eukaryotic 175:184 arg1 cells 186:190 eukaryotic cells 175:190 eukaryotic cells 175:190 Glycosylation is one of the most complex post translation modification in eukaryotic cells. 28797096 5 14 link N-linked 704:711 arg1 sites 727:731 N-linked glycosylation sites 704:731 N-linked glycosylation sites 704:731 In this study, a comprehensive technique for the identification of N-linked glycosylation sites has been proposed using machine learning. 28797096 2 15 theme vital 267:271 arg1 role 273:276 a vital role 265:276 a vital role 265:276 Almost 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated as glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding. 28797096 7 16 theme existing 1123:1130 arg1 GPP 1184:1186 GPP 1184:1186 GPP 1184:1186 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 7 16 theme existing 1123:1130 arg1 GlycoEP 1158:1164 GlycoEP 1158:1164 GlycoEP 1158:1164 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 7 16 theme existing 1123:1130 arg1 systems 1132:1138 the existing systems 1119:1138 the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP 1119:1186 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 7 16 theme existing 1123:1130 arg1 Glyomine 1148:1155 Glyomine 1148:1155 Glyomine 1148:1155 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 7 16 theme existing 1123:1130 arg1 SVM 1176:1178 Ensemble SVM 1167:1178 Ensemble SVM 1167:1178 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 2 17 theme genes 380:384 arg1 recognition 328:338 antigen's recognition 318:338 antigen's recognition 318:338 Almost 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated as glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding. 28797096 2 17 theme genes 380:384 arg1 communication 351:363 cell-cell communication 341:363 cell-cell communication 341:363 Almost 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated as glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding. 28797096 2 17 theme genes 380:384 arg1 folding 398:404 protein folding 390:404 protein folding 390:404 Almost 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated as glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding. 28797096 2 17 theme genes 380:384 arg1 expression 366:375 expression 366:375 expression of genes 366:384 Almost 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated as glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding. 28797096 4 18 theme computational 556:568 arg1 desirable 580:588 desirable 580:588 desirable 580:588 A reliable computational method is desirable for the identification of glycosylation sites. 28797096 4 18 theme computational 556:568 arg1 method 570:575 A reliable computational method 545:575 A reliable computational method 545:575 A reliable computational method is desirable for the identification of glycosylation sites. 28797096 3 19 theme significant 415:425 arg1 challenge 427:435 a significant challenge 413:435 a significant challenge to identify glycosylation sites in protein sequences as experimental methods are time taking and expensive 413:542 It is a significant challenge to identify glycosylation sites in protein sequences as experimental methods are time taking and expensive. 28797096 3 19 theme significant 415:425 arg1 It 407:408 It 407:408 It 407:408 It is a significant challenge to identify glycosylation sites in protein sequences as experimental methods are time taking and expensive. 28797096 0 20 theme glycosylation 23:35 arg1 sites 37:41 N-linked glycosylation sites 14:41 N-linked glycosylation sites 14:41 Prediction of N-linked glycosylation sites using position relative features and statistical moments. 28797096 4 21 theme reliable 547:554 arg1 desirable 580:588 desirable 580:588 desirable 580:588 A reliable computational method is desirable for the identification of glycosylation sites. 28797096 4 21 theme reliable 547:554 arg1 method 570:575 A reliable computational method 545:575 A reliable computational method 545:575 A reliable computational method is desirable for the identification of glycosylation sites. 28797096 5 22 theme glycosylation 713:725 arg1 sites 727:731 N-linked glycosylation sites 704:731 N-linked glycosylation sites 704:731 In this study, a comprehensive technique for the identification of N-linked glycosylation sites has been proposed using machine learning. 28797096 2 23 theme human 211:215 arg1 proteome 217:224 the human proteome 207:224 the human proteome 207:224 Almost 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated as glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding. 28797096 0 24 theme N-linked 14:21 arg1 sites 37:41 N-linked glycosylation sites 14:41 N-linked glycosylation sites 14:41 Prediction of N-linked glycosylation sites using position relative features and statistical moments. 28797096 5 25 theme sites 727:731 arg1 identification 686:699 the identification 682:699 the identification of N-linked glycosylation sites 682:731 In this study, a comprehensive technique for the identification of N-linked glycosylation sites has been proposed using machine learning. 28797096 2 26 theme biological 289:298 arg1 recognition 328:338 antigen's recognition 318:338 antigen's recognition 318:338 Almost 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated as glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding. 28797096 2 26 theme biological 289:298 arg1 functions 300:308 various biological functions 281:308 various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding 281:404 Almost 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated as glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding. 28797096 2 26 theme biological 289:298 arg1 expression 366:375 expression 366:375 expression of genes 366:384 Almost 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated as glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding. 28797096 2 26 theme biological 289:298 arg1 folding 398:404 protein folding 390:404 protein folding 390:404 Almost 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated as glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding. 28797096 2 26 theme biological 289:298 arg1 communication 351:363 cell-cell communication 341:363 cell-cell communication 341:363 Almost 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated as glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding. 28797096 5 27 gly glycosylation 713:725 arg2 sites 727:731 N-linked glycosylation sites 704:731 N-linked glycosylation sites 704:731 In this study, a comprehensive technique for the identification of N-linked glycosylation sites has been proposed using machine learning. 28797096 0 28 theme sites 37:41 arg1 Prediction 0:9 Prediction 0:9 Prediction of N-linked glycosylation sites 0:41 Prediction of N-linked glycosylation sites using position relative features and statistical moments. 28797096 2 29 gly glycosylated 229:240 arg1 % 202:202 Almost 50% 193:202 Almost 50% of the human proteome 193:224 Almost 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated as glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding. 28797096 2 29 gly glycosylated 229:240 arg1 proteome 217:224 the human proteome 207:224 the human proteome 207:224 Almost 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated as glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding. 28797096 3 30 theme glycosylation 449:461 arg1 sites 463:467 glycosylation sites 449:467 glycosylation sites in protein sequences 449:488 It is a significant challenge to identify glycosylation sites in protein sequences as experimental methods are time taking and expensive. 28797096 0 31 theme relative 58:65 arg1 features 67:74 position relative features 49:74 position relative features 49:74 Prediction of N-linked glycosylation sites using position relative features and statistical moments. 28797096 7 32 theme tool 1095:1098 arg1 better 1107:1112 better 1107:1112 better 1107:1112 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 7 32 theme tool 1095:1098 arg1 accuracy 1074:1081 the accuracy 1070:1081 the accuracy of proposed tool 1070:1098 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 6 33 theme neural 888:893 arg1 network 895:901 multilayer neural network 877:901 multilayer neural network 877:901 The proposed predictor was trained using an up-to-date dataset through back propagation algorithm for multilayer neural network. 28797096 2 34 theme proteome 217:224 arg1 % 202:202 Almost 50% 193:202 Almost 50% of the human proteome 193:224 Almost 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated as glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding. 28797096 2 34 theme proteome 217:224 arg1 proteome 217:224 the human proteome 207:224 the human proteome 207:224 Almost 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated as glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding. 28797096 6 35 theme proposed 779:786 arg1 predictor 788:796 The proposed predictor 775:796 The proposed predictor 775:796 The proposed predictor was trained using an up-to-date dataset through back propagation algorithm for multilayer neural network. 28797096 0 36 theme position 49:56 arg1 features 67:74 position relative features 49:74 position relative features 49:74 Prediction of N-linked glycosylation sites using position relative features and statistical moments. 28797096 2 37 theme protein 390:396 arg1 folding 398:404 protein folding 390:404 protein folding 390:404 Almost 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated as glycosylation plays a vital role in various biological functions such as antigen's recognition, cell-cell communication, expression of genes and protein folding. 28797096 6 38 theme multilayer 877:886 arg1 network 895:901 multilayer neural network 877:901 multilayer neural network 877:901 The proposed predictor was trained using an up-to-date dataset through back propagation algorithm for multilayer neural network. 28797096 0 39 gly glycosylation 23:35 arg2 sites 37:41 N-linked glycosylation sites 14:41 N-linked glycosylation sites 14:41 Prediction of N-linked glycosylation sites using position relative features and statistical moments. 28797096 3 40 from sites 463:467 arg1 sequences 480:488 protein sequences 472:488 protein sequences 472:488 It is a significant challenge to identify glycosylation sites in protein sequences as experimental methods are time taking and expensive. 28797096 3 41 theme experimental 493:504 arg1 methods 506:512 experimental methods 493:512 experimental methods 493:512 It is a significant challenge to identify glycosylation sites in protein sequences as experimental methods are time taking and expensive. 28797096 7 42 theme performance 955:965 arg1 accuracy 984:991 accuracy 984:991 accuracy 984:991 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 7 42 theme performance 955:965 arg1 coefficient 1044:1054 Mathew's correlation coefficient 1023:1054 Mathew's correlation coefficient 1023:1054 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 7 42 theme performance 955:965 arg1 specificity 1007:1017 specificity 1007:1017 specificity 1007:1017 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 7 42 theme performance 955:965 arg1 sensitivity 994:1004 sensitivity 994:1004 sensitivity 994:1004 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 7 42 theme performance 955:965 arg1 measures 967:974 other performance measures 949:974 other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient 949:1054 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 4 43 gly glycosylation 616:628 arg2 sites 630:634 glycosylation sites 616:634 glycosylation sites 616:634 A reliable computational method is desirable for the identification of glycosylation sites. 28797096 3 44 theme protein 472:478 arg1 sequences 480:488 protein sequences 472:488 protein sequences 472:488 It is a significant challenge to identify glycosylation sites in protein sequences as experimental methods are time taking and expensive. 28797096 7 45 theme measures 967:974 arg1 results 908:914 The results 904:914 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient 904:1054 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 4 46 theme glycosylation 616:628 arg1 sites 630:634 glycosylation sites 616:634 glycosylation sites 616:634 A reliable computational method is desirable for the identification of glycosylation sites. 28797096 5 47 theme N-linked 704:711 arg1 sites 727:731 N-linked glycosylation sites 704:731 N-linked glycosylation sites 704:731 In this study, a comprehensive technique for the identification of N-linked glycosylation sites has been proposed using machine learning. 28797096 7 48 theme correlation 1032:1042 arg1 coefficient 1044:1054 Mathew's correlation coefficient 1023:1054 Mathew's correlation coefficient 1023:1054 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 1 49 theme complex 134:140 arg1 modification 159:170 the most complex post translation modification 125:170 the most complex post translation modification in eukaryotic cells 125:190 Glycosylation is one of the most complex post translation modification in eukaryotic cells. 28797096 6 50 theme propagation 851:861 arg1 algorithm 863:871 back propagation algorithm 846:871 back propagation algorithm 846:871 The proposed predictor was trained using an up-to-date dataset through back propagation algorithm for multilayer neural network. 28797096 1 51 theme post 142:145 arg1 modification 159:170 the most complex post translation modification 125:170 the most complex post translation modification in eukaryotic cells 125:190 Glycosylation is one of the most complex post translation modification in eukaryotic cells. 28797096 7 52 theme other 949:953 arg1 accuracy 984:991 accuracy 984:991 accuracy 984:991 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 7 52 theme other 949:953 arg1 coefficient 1044:1054 Mathew's correlation coefficient 1023:1054 Mathew's correlation coefficient 1023:1054 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 7 52 theme other 949:953 arg1 specificity 1007:1017 specificity 1007:1017 specificity 1007:1017 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 7 52 theme other 949:953 arg1 sensitivity 994:1004 sensitivity 994:1004 sensitivity 994:1004 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 7 52 theme other 949:953 arg1 measures 967:974 other performance measures 949:974 other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient 949:1054 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 7 53 theme Ensemble 1167:1174 arg1 SVM 1176:1178 Ensemble SVM 1167:1178 Ensemble SVM 1167:1178 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 1 54 theme translation 147:157 arg1 modification 159:170 the most complex post translation modification 125:170 the most complex post translation modification in eukaryotic cells 125:190 Glycosylation is one of the most complex post translation modification in eukaryotic cells. 28797096 7 55 theme ten-fold 919:926 arg1 cross-validation 928:943 ten-fold cross-validation 919:943 ten-fold cross-validation 919:943 The results of ten-fold cross-validation and other performance measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Mathew's correlation coefficient inferred that the accuracy of proposed tool is far better than the existing systems such as Glyomine, GlycoEP, Ensemble SVM and GPP. 28797096 4 56 theme sites 630:634 arg1 identification 598:611 the identification 594:611 the identification of glycosylation sites 594:634 A reliable computational method is desirable for the identification of glycosylation sites. 28247191 4 0 theme high 868:871 arg1 LC-MS 884:888 high resolution LC-MS 868:888 high resolution LC-MS with online alternating HCD/ETD/CID dissociation methods 868:945 The labeled intact glycopeptides were then analyzed by high resolution LC-MS with online alternating HCD/ETD/CID dissociation methods. 28247191 7 1 theme LC-MS 1232:1236 arg1 run 1238:1240 just one LC-MS run 1223:1240 just one LC-MS run 1223:1240 Moreover, with the help of TMT 10plex, through just one LC-MS run, PLS-DA was performed to ascertain the differences in glycosylation among different sources of hCG drug products. 28247191 1 2 theme tandem 425:430 arg1 labeling 454:461 tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling 425:461 tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling 425:461 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 9 3 gly glycoproteins 1646:1658 arg1 glycoproteins 1646:1658 other glycoproteins 1640:1658 identification of hCG as well as other glycoproteins 1607:1658 The results demonstrate the suitability of this method for similarity assessments and counterfeit identification of hCG as well as other glycoproteins. 28247191 9 4 theme similarity 1568:1577 arg1 assessments 1579:1589 similarity assessments 1568:1589 similarity assessments 1568:1589 The results demonstrate the suitability of this method for similarity assessments and counterfeit identification of hCG as well as other glycoproteins. 28247191 1 5 theme tag 437:439 arg1 labeling 454:461 tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling 425:461 tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling 425:461 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 2 6 gly glycosylation 623:635 arg1 therapeutics 648:659 protein therapeutics 640:659 protein therapeutics 640:659 In total, the data provided identification, relative quantification, and comparison of site-specific glycosylation of protein therapeutics with a single experiment. 28247191 1 7 gly glycosylation 214:226 arg1 products 290:297 different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 240:297 different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 240:297 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 1 7 gly glycosylation 214:226 arg1 set 233:235 a set 231:235 a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 231:297 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 1 8 theme TMT 442:444 arg1 labeling 454:461 tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling 425:461 tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling 425:461 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 2 9 with quantification 575:588 arg1 experiment 675:684 a single experiment 666:684 a single experiment 666:684 In total, the data provided identification, relative quantification, and comparison of site-specific glycosylation of protein therapeutics with a single experiment. 28247191 1 10 theme N- 198:199 arg1 characterization 174:189 Site-specific characterization 160:189 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 160:297 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 3 11 theme hCG 746:748 arg1 hCG 746:748 commercial therapeutic hCG 723:748 commercial therapeutic hCG 723:748 Ten different lots and/or brands of commercial therapeutic hCG were labeled with TMT 10plex reagents after tryptic digestion. 28247191 3 11 theme hCG 746:748 arg1 lots 701:704 Ten different lots 687:704 Ten different lots 687:704 Ten different lots and/or brands of commercial therapeutic hCG were labeled with TMT 10plex reagents after tryptic digestion. 28247191 1 12 theme O-linked 205:212 arg1 glycosylation 214:226 O-linked glycosylation 205:226 O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 205:297 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 5 13 link O-linked 991:998 arg1 glycopeptides 1000:1012 O-linked glycopeptides 991:1012 O-linked glycopeptides 991:1012 For digested hCG drugs, 1000 intact N- and O-linked glycopeptides were identified. 28247191 6 14 theme labeling 1157:1164 arg1 reagents 1166:1173 the TMT labeling reagents 1149:1173 the TMT labeling reagents 1149:1173 The relative amount of each glycopeptide from hCG products was determined based on the reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 28247191 6 15 from products 1081:1088 arg1 glycopeptide 1059:1070 each glycopeptide 1054:1070 each glycopeptide 1054:1070 The relative amount of each glycopeptide from hCG products was determined based on the reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 28247191 6 15 from products 1081:1088 arg1 amount 1044:1049 The relative amount 1031:1049 The relative amount of each glycopeptide from hCG products 1031:1088 The relative amount of each glycopeptide from hCG products was determined based on the reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 28247191 3 16 theme commercial 723:732 arg1 hCG 746:748 commercial therapeutic hCG 723:748 commercial therapeutic hCG 723:748 Ten different lots and/or brands of commercial therapeutic hCG were labeled with TMT 10plex reagents after tryptic digestion. 28247191 0 17 theme Chorionic 122:130 arg1 Gonadotropin 132:143 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin 116:143 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products 116:157 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location, Identification and Quantification of N-/O- Glycosylation in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products. 28247191 0 18 from Quantification 75:88 arg1 Products 150:157 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products 116:157 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products 116:157 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location, Identification and Quantification of N-/O- Glycosylation in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products. 28247191 7 19 theme different 1316:1324 arg1 sources 1326:1332 different sources 1316:1332 different sources of hCG drug products 1316:1353 Moreover, with the help of TMT 10plex, through just one LC-MS run, PLS-DA was performed to ascertain the differences in glycosylation among different sources of hCG drug products. 28247191 3 20 theme TMT 768:770 arg1 reagents 779:786 TMT 10plex reagents 768:786 TMT 10plex reagents after tryptic digestion 768:810 Ten different lots and/or brands of commercial therapeutic hCG were labeled with TMT 10plex reagents after tryptic digestion. 28247191 0 21 theme Drug 145:148 arg1 Products 150:157 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products 116:157 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products 116:157 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location, Identification and Quantification of N-/O- Glycosylation in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products. 28247191 4 22 theme online 895:900 arg1 methods 939:945 online alternating HCD/ETD/CID dissociation methods 895:945 online alternating HCD/ETD/CID dissociation methods 895:945 The labeled intact glycopeptides were then analyzed by high resolution LC-MS with online alternating HCD/ETD/CID dissociation methods. 28247191 0 23 from Identification 56:69 arg1 Products 150:157 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products 116:157 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products 116:157 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location, Identification and Quantification of N-/O- Glycosylation in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products. 28247191 1 24 theme multiple 394:401 arg1 methods 416:422 multiple dissociation methods 394:422 multiple dissociation methods 394:422 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 1 25 from glycosylation 214:226 arg1 products 290:297 different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 240:297 different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 240:297 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 1 25 from glycosylation 214:226 arg1 set 233:235 a set 231:235 a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 231:297 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 4 26 with LC-MS 884:888 arg1 methods 939:945 online alternating HCD/ETD/CID dissociation methods 895:945 online alternating HCD/ETD/CID dissociation methods 895:945 The labeled intact glycopeptides were then analyzed by high resolution LC-MS with online alternating HCD/ETD/CID dissociation methods. 28247191 4 27 theme HCD/ETD/CID 914:924 arg1 methods 939:945 online alternating HCD/ETD/CID dissociation methods 895:945 online alternating HCD/ETD/CID dissociation methods 895:945 The labeled intact glycopeptides were then analyzed by high resolution LC-MS with online alternating HCD/ETD/CID dissociation methods. 28247191 7 28 theme products 1346:1353 arg1 sources 1326:1332 different sources 1316:1332 different sources of hCG drug products 1316:1353 Moreover, with the help of TMT 10plex, through just one LC-MS run, PLS-DA was performed to ascertain the differences in glycosylation among different sources of hCG drug products. 28247191 3 29 theme tryptic 794:800 arg1 digestion 802:810 tryptic digestion 794:810 tryptic digestion 794:810 Ten different lots and/or brands of commercial therapeutic hCG were labeled with TMT 10plex reagents after tryptic digestion. 28247191 6 30 theme relative 1035:1042 arg1 glycopeptide 1059:1070 each glycopeptide 1054:1070 each glycopeptide 1054:1070 The relative amount of each glycopeptide from hCG products was determined based on the reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 28247191 6 30 theme relative 1035:1042 arg1 amount 1044:1049 The relative amount 1031:1049 The relative amount of each glycopeptide from hCG products 1031:1088 The relative amount of each glycopeptide from hCG products was determined based on the reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 28247191 7 31 theme hCG 1337:1339 arg1 products 1346:1353 hCG drug products 1337:1353 hCG drug products 1337:1353 Moreover, with the help of TMT 10plex, through just one LC-MS run, PLS-DA was performed to ascertain the differences in glycosylation among different sources of hCG drug products. 28247191 1 32 theme Site-specific 160:172 arg1 characterization 174:189 Site-specific characterization 160:189 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 160:297 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 8 33 theme hCG 1495:1497 arg1 products 1499:1506 the naturally derived and recombinant hCG products 1457:1506 the naturally derived and recombinant hCG products 1457:1506 The results of PLS-DA showed that 167 glycopeptides were found to be significantly different between the naturally derived and recombinant hCG products. 28247191 1 34 theme resolution 346:355 arg1 spectrometry 380:391 high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry 341:391 high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry 341:391 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 8 35 theme recombinant 1483:1493 arg1 products 1499:1506 the naturally derived and recombinant hCG products 1457:1506 the naturally derived and recombinant hCG products 1457:1506 The results of PLS-DA showed that 167 glycopeptides were found to be significantly different between the naturally derived and recombinant hCG products. 28247191 1 36 from characterization 174:189 arg1 products 290:297 different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 240:297 different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 240:297 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 1 36 from characterization 174:189 arg1 set 233:235 a set 231:235 a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 231:297 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 0 37 theme N-/O- 93:97 arg1 Glycosylation 99:111 N-/O- Glycosylation 93:111 N-/O- Glycosylation in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products 93:157 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location, Identification and Quantification of N-/O- Glycosylation in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products. 28247191 5 38 theme intact 977:982 arg1 N- 984:985 1000 intact N- 972:985 1000 intact N- 972:985 For digested hCG drugs, 1000 intact N- and O-linked glycopeptides were identified. 28247191 2 39 theme site-specific 609:621 arg1 glycosylation 623:635 site-specific glycosylation 609:635 site-specific glycosylation of protein therapeutics 609:659 In total, the data provided identification, relative quantification, and comparison of site-specific glycosylation of protein therapeutics with a single experiment. 28247191 1 40 theme drug 285:288 arg1 products 290:297 different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 240:297 different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 240:297 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 5 41 theme hCG 961:963 arg1 drugs 965:969 digested hCG drugs 952:969 digested hCG drugs 952:969 For digested hCG drugs, 1000 intact N- and O-linked glycopeptides were identified. 28247191 6 42 theme hCG 1077:1079 arg1 products 1081:1088 hCG products 1077:1088 hCG products 1077:1088 The relative amount of each glycopeptide from hCG products was determined based on the reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 28247191 6 43 gly glycopeptide 1059:1070 arg2 glycopeptide 1059:1070 each glycopeptide 1054:1070 each glycopeptide 1054:1070 The relative amount of each glycopeptide from hCG products was determined based on the reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 28247191 2 44 theme therapeutics 648:659 arg1 glycosylation 623:635 site-specific glycosylation 609:635 site-specific glycosylation of protein therapeutics 609:659 In total, the data provided identification, relative quantification, and comparison of site-specific glycosylation of protein therapeutics with a single experiment. 28247191 8 45 theme PLS-DA 1371:1376 arg1 results 1360:1366 The results 1356:1366 The results of PLS-DA 1356:1376 The results of PLS-DA showed that 167 glycopeptides were found to be significantly different between the naturally derived and recombinant hCG products. 28247191 0 46 theme All-in-One 8:17 arg1 Quantification 75:88 Quantification 75:88 Quantification 75:88 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location, Identification and Quantification of N-/O- Glycosylation in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products. 28247191 0 46 theme All-in-One 8:17 arg1 Identification 56:69 Identification 56:69 Identification 56:69 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location, Identification and Quantification of N-/O- Glycosylation in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products. 28247191 0 46 theme All-in-One 8:17 arg1 Workflow 19:26 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow 0:26 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location 0:53 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location, Identification and Quantification of N-/O- Glycosylation in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products. 28247191 6 47 theme glycopeptide 1059:1070 arg1 glycopeptide 1059:1070 each glycopeptide 1054:1070 each glycopeptide 1054:1070 The relative amount of each glycopeptide from hCG products was determined based on the reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 28247191 6 47 theme glycopeptide 1059:1070 arg1 amount 1044:1049 The relative amount 1031:1049 The relative amount of each glycopeptide from hCG products 1031:1088 The relative amount of each glycopeptide from hCG products was determined based on the reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 28247191 5 48 gly glycopeptides 1000:1012 arg2 glycopeptides 1000:1012 O-linked glycopeptides 991:1012 O-linked glycopeptides 991:1012 For digested hCG drugs, 1000 intact N- and O-linked glycopeptides were identified. 28247191 4 49 theme intact 825:830 arg1 glycopeptides 832:844 The labeled intact glycopeptides 813:844 The labeled intact glycopeptides 813:844 The labeled intact glycopeptides were then analyzed by high resolution LC-MS with online alternating HCD/ETD/CID dissociation methods. 28247191 1 50 theme LC-MS 318:322 arg1 method 324:329 a LC-MS method 316:329 a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) 316:519 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 1 51 theme least 476:480 arg1 analysis 503:510 partial least squares-discriminant analysis 468:510 partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) 468:519 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 1 51 theme least 476:480 arg1 PLS-DA 513:518 PLS-DA 513:518 PLS-DA 513:518 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 6 52 theme signal 1127:1132 arg1 intensities 1134:1144 the reporter signal intensities 1114:1144 the reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents 1114:1173 The relative amount of each glycopeptide from hCG products was determined based on the reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 28247191 1 53 theme human 250:254 arg1 hCG 280:282 hCG 280:282 hCG 280:282 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 1 53 theme human 250:254 arg1 gonadotropin 266:277 human chorionic gonadotropin 250:277 different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 240:297 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 3 54 theme different 691:699 arg1 hCG 746:748 commercial therapeutic hCG 723:748 commercial therapeutic hCG 723:748 Ten different lots and/or brands of commercial therapeutic hCG were labeled with TMT 10plex reagents after tryptic digestion. 28247191 3 54 theme different 691:699 arg1 lots 701:704 Ten different lots 687:704 Ten different lots 687:704 Ten different lots and/or brands of commercial therapeutic hCG were labeled with TMT 10plex reagents after tryptic digestion. 28247191 1 55 theme gonadotropin 266:277 arg1 products 290:297 different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 240:297 different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 240:297 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 2 56 theme relative 566:573 arg1 quantification 575:588 relative quantification 566:588 relative quantification 566:588 In total, the data provided identification, relative quantification, and comparison of site-specific glycosylation of protein therapeutics with a single experiment. 28247191 1 57 theme mass 432:435 arg1 labeling 454:461 tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling 425:461 tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling 425:461 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 4 58 theme resolution 873:882 arg1 LC-MS 884:888 high resolution LC-MS 868:888 high resolution LC-MS with online alternating HCD/ETD/CID dissociation methods 868:945 The labeled intact glycopeptides were then analyzed by high resolution LC-MS with online alternating HCD/ETD/CID dissociation methods. 28247191 2 59 with identification 550:563 arg1 experiment 675:684 a single experiment 666:684 a single experiment 666:684 In total, the data provided identification, relative quantification, and comparison of site-specific glycosylation of protein therapeutics with a single experiment. 28247191 7 60 theme TMT 1203:1205 arg1 10plex 1207:1212 TMT 10plex 1203:1212 TMT 10plex 1203:1212 Moreover, with the help of TMT 10plex, through just one LC-MS run, PLS-DA was performed to ascertain the differences in glycosylation among different sources of hCG drug products. 28247191 1 61 theme 10plex 446:451 arg1 labeling 454:461 tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling 425:461 tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling 425:461 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 6 62 theme reagents 1166:1173 arg1 intensities 1134:1144 the reporter signal intensities 1114:1144 the reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents 1114:1173 The relative amount of each glycopeptide from hCG products was determined based on the reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 28247191 0 63 theme Gonadotropin 132:143 arg1 Products 150:157 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products 116:157 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products 116:157 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location, Identification and Quantification of N-/O- Glycosylation in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products. 28247191 1 64 dep N- 198:199 arg1 the 194:196 the 194:196 the 194:196 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 1 65 theme glycosylation 214:226 arg1 characterization 174:189 Site-specific characterization 160:189 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 160:297 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 4 66 theme dissociation 926:937 arg1 methods 939:945 online alternating HCD/ETD/CID dissociation methods 895:945 online alternating HCD/ETD/CID dissociation methods 895:945 The labeled intact glycopeptides were then analyzed by high resolution LC-MS with online alternating HCD/ETD/CID dissociation methods. 28247191 6 67 theme TMT 1153:1155 arg1 reagents 1166:1173 the TMT labeling reagents 1149:1173 the TMT labeling reagents 1149:1173 The relative amount of each glycopeptide from hCG products was determined based on the reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 28247191 3 68 theme therapeutic 734:744 arg1 hCG 746:748 commercial therapeutic hCG 723:748 commercial therapeutic hCG 723:748 Ten different lots and/or brands of commercial therapeutic hCG were labeled with TMT 10plex reagents after tryptic digestion. 28247191 1 69 theme mass 375:378 arg1 spectrometry 380:391 high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry 341:391 high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry 341:391 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 2 70 with comparison 595:604 arg1 experiment 675:684 a single experiment 666:684 a single experiment 666:684 In total, the data provided identification, relative quantification, and comparison of site-specific glycosylation of protein therapeutics with a single experiment. 28247191 8 71 theme 167 1390:1392 arg1 glycopeptides 1394:1406 167 glycopeptides 1390:1406 167 glycopeptides 1390:1406 The results of PLS-DA showed that 167 glycopeptides were found to be significantly different between the naturally derived and recombinant hCG products. 28247191 3 72 theme 10plex 772:777 arg1 reagents 779:786 TMT 10plex reagents 768:786 TMT 10plex reagents after tryptic digestion 768:810 Ten different lots and/or brands of commercial therapeutic hCG were labeled with TMT 10plex reagents after tryptic digestion. 28247191 1 73 from set 233:235 arg1 characterization 174:189 Site-specific characterization 160:189 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 160:297 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 8 74 theme derived 1471:1477 arg1 products 1499:1506 the naturally derived and recombinant hCG products 1457:1506 the naturally derived and recombinant hCG products 1457:1506 The results of PLS-DA showed that 167 glycopeptides were found to be significantly different between the naturally derived and recombinant hCG products. 28247191 1 75 theme dissociation 403:414 arg1 methods 416:422 multiple dissociation methods 394:422 multiple dissociation methods 394:422 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 4 76 theme alternating 902:912 arg1 methods 939:945 online alternating HCD/ETD/CID dissociation methods 895:945 online alternating HCD/ETD/CID dissociation methods 895:945 The labeled intact glycopeptides were then analyzed by high resolution LC-MS with online alternating HCD/ETD/CID dissociation methods. 28247191 0 77 from Glycosylation 99:111 arg1 Products 150:157 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products 116:157 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products 116:157 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location, Identification and Quantification of N-/O- Glycosylation in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products. 28247191 4 78 gly glycopeptides 832:844 arg2 glycopeptides 832:844 The labeled intact glycopeptides 813:844 The labeled intact glycopeptides 813:844 The labeled intact glycopeptides were then analyzed by high resolution LC-MS with online alternating HCD/ETD/CID dissociation methods. 28247191 7 79 theme drug 1341:1344 arg1 products 1346:1353 hCG drug products 1337:1353 hCG drug products 1337:1353 Moreover, with the help of TMT 10plex, through just one LC-MS run, PLS-DA was performed to ascertain the differences in glycosylation among different sources of hCG drug products. 28247191 1 80 theme high 341:344 arg1 resolution 346:355 high resolution 341:355 high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry 341:391 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 1 81 from N- 198:199 arg1 products 290:297 different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 240:297 different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 240:297 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 1 81 from N- 198:199 arg1 set 233:235 a set 231:235 a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 231:297 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 2 82 theme protein 640:646 arg1 therapeutics 648:659 protein therapeutics 640:659 protein therapeutics 640:659 In total, the data provided identification, relative quantification, and comparison of site-specific glycosylation of protein therapeutics with a single experiment. 28247191 0 83 theme Glycosylation 99:111 arg1 Quantification 75:88 Quantification 75:88 Quantification 75:88 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location, Identification and Quantification of N-/O- Glycosylation in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products. 28247191 0 83 theme Glycosylation 99:111 arg1 Identification 56:69 Identification 56:69 Identification 56:69 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location, Identification and Quantification of N-/O- Glycosylation in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products. 28247191 0 83 theme Glycosylation 99:111 arg1 Workflow 19:26 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow 0:26 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location 0:53 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location, Identification and Quantification of N-/O- Glycosylation in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products. 28247191 7 84 dep the 1191:1193 arg1 help 1195:1198 help 1195:1198 help 1195:1198 Moreover, with the help of TMT 10plex, through just one LC-MS run, PLS-DA was performed to ascertain the differences in glycosylation among different sources of hCG drug products. 28247191 2 85 theme glycosylation 623:635 arg1 identification 550:563 identification 550:563 identification 550:563 In total, the data provided identification, relative quantification, and comparison of site-specific glycosylation of protein therapeutics with a single experiment. 28247191 2 85 theme glycosylation 623:635 arg1 quantification 575:588 relative quantification 566:588 relative quantification 566:588 In total, the data provided identification, relative quantification, and comparison of site-specific glycosylation of protein therapeutics with a single experiment. 28247191 2 85 theme glycosylation 623:635 arg1 comparison 595:604 comparison 595:604 comparison of site-specific glycosylation of protein therapeutics with a single experiment 595:684 In total, the data provided identification, relative quantification, and comparison of site-specific glycosylation of protein therapeutics with a single experiment. 28247191 0 86 theme Human 116:120 arg1 Gonadotropin 132:143 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin 116:143 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products 116:157 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location, Identification and Quantification of N-/O- Glycosylation in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products. 28247191 9 87 theme method 1557:1562 arg1 suitability 1537:1547 the suitability 1533:1547 the suitability of this method for similarity assessments 1533:1589 The results demonstrate the suitability of this method for similarity assessments and counterfeit identification of hCG as well as other glycoproteins. 28247191 1 88 link O-linked 205:212 arg1 glycosylation 214:226 O-linked glycosylation 205:226 O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 205:297 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 2 89 theme single 668:673 arg1 experiment 675:684 a single experiment 666:684 a single experiment 666:684 In total, the data provided identification, relative quantification, and comparison of site-specific glycosylation of protein therapeutics with a single experiment. 28247191 1 90 from m/z 366:368 arg1 120K 358:361 120K 358:361 120K at m/z 200 358:372 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 5 91 theme digested 952:959 arg1 drugs 965:969 digested hCG drugs 952:969 digested hCG drugs 952:969 For digested hCG drugs, 1000 intact N- and O-linked glycopeptides were identified. 28247191 1 92 dep resolution 346:355 arg1 120K 358:361 120K 358:361 120K at m/z 200 358:372 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 1 93 theme products 290:297 arg1 products 290:297 different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 240:297 different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 240:297 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 1 93 theme products 290:297 arg1 set 233:235 a set 231:235 a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 231:297 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 0 94 theme Site-Specific 32:44 arg1 Location 46:53 Site-Specific Location 32:53 Site-Specific Location 32:53 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location, Identification and Quantification of N-/O- Glycosylation in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products. 28247191 8 95 link derived 1471:1477 arg1 products 1499:1506 the naturally derived and recombinant hCG products 1457:1506 the naturally derived and recombinant hCG products 1457:1506 The results of PLS-DA showed that 167 glycopeptides were found to be significantly different between the naturally derived and recombinant hCG products. 28247191 9 96 theme hCG 1625:1627 arg1 identification 1607:1620 identification 1607:1620 identification of hCG as well as other glycoproteins 1607:1658 The results demonstrate the suitability of this method for similarity assessments and counterfeit identification of hCG as well as other glycoproteins. 28247191 9 96 theme hCG 1625:1627 arg1 glycoproteins 1646:1658 other glycoproteins 1640:1658 identification of hCG as well as other glycoproteins 1607:1658 The results demonstrate the suitability of this method for similarity assessments and counterfeit identification of hCG as well as other glycoproteins. 28247191 7 97 from differences 1281:1291 arg1 glycosylation 1296:1308 glycosylation 1296:1308 glycosylation 1296:1308 Moreover, with the help of TMT 10plex, through just one LC-MS run, PLS-DA was performed to ascertain the differences in glycosylation among different sources of hCG drug products. 28247191 4 98 theme labeled 817:823 arg1 glycopeptides 832:844 The labeled intact glycopeptides 813:844 The labeled intact glycopeptides 813:844 The labeled intact glycopeptides were then analyzed by high resolution LC-MS with online alternating HCD/ETD/CID dissociation methods. 28247191 1 99 theme partial 468:474 arg1 analysis 503:510 partial least squares-discriminant analysis 468:510 partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) 468:519 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 1 99 theme partial 468:474 arg1 PLS-DA 513:518 PLS-DA 513:518 PLS-DA 513:518 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 5 100 theme O-linked 991:998 arg1 glycopeptides 1000:1012 O-linked glycopeptides 991:1012 O-linked glycopeptides 991:1012 For digested hCG drugs, 1000 intact N- and O-linked glycopeptides were identified. 28247191 0 101 from Products 150:157 arg1 Quantification 75:88 Quantification 75:88 Quantification 75:88 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location, Identification and Quantification of N-/O- Glycosylation in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products. 28247191 0 101 from Products 150:157 arg1 Identification 56:69 Identification 56:69 Identification 56:69 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location, Identification and Quantification of N-/O- Glycosylation in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products. 28247191 0 101 from Products 150:157 arg1 Workflow 19:26 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow 0:26 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location 0:53 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location, Identification and Quantification of N-/O- Glycosylation in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products. 28247191 1 102 theme squares-discriminant 482:501 arg1 analysis 503:510 partial least squares-discriminant analysis 468:510 partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) 468:519 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 1 102 theme squares-discriminant 482:501 arg1 PLS-DA 513:518 PLS-DA 513:518 PLS-DA 513:518 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 1 103 theme different 240:248 arg1 products 290:297 different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 240:297 different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 240:297 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 9 104 theme other 1640:1644 arg1 glycoproteins 1646:1658 other glycoproteins 1640:1658 identification of hCG as well as other glycoproteins 1607:1658 The results demonstrate the suitability of this method for similarity assessments and counterfeit identification of hCG as well as other glycoproteins. 28247191 6 105 theme reporter 1118:1125 arg1 intensities 1134:1144 the reporter signal intensities 1114:1144 the reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents 1114:1173 The relative amount of each glycopeptide from hCG products was determined based on the reporter signal intensities of the TMT labeling reagents. 28247191 8 106 gly glycopeptides 1394:1406 arg2 glycopeptides 1394:1406 167 glycopeptides 1390:1406 167 glycopeptides 1390:1406 The results of PLS-DA showed that 167 glycopeptides were found to be significantly different between the naturally derived and recombinant hCG products. 28247191 0 107 theme LC-MS 2:6 arg1 Quantification 75:88 Quantification 75:88 Quantification 75:88 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location, Identification and Quantification of N-/O- Glycosylation in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products. 28247191 0 107 theme LC-MS 2:6 arg1 Identification 56:69 Identification 56:69 Identification 56:69 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location, Identification and Quantification of N-/O- Glycosylation in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products. 28247191 0 107 theme LC-MS 2:6 arg1 Workflow 19:26 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow 0:26 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location 0:53 A LC-MS All-in-One Workflow for Site-Specific Location, Identification and Quantification of N-/O- Glycosylation in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drug Products. 28247191 1 108 theme chorionic 256:264 arg1 hCG 280:282 hCG 280:282 hCG 280:282 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 28247191 1 108 theme chorionic 256:264 arg1 gonadotropin 266:277 human chorionic gonadotropin 250:277 different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products 240:297 Site-specific characterization of the N- and O-linked glycosylation on a set of different human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) drug products was performed by a LC-MS method combining high resolution (120K at m/z 200) mass spectrometry, multiple dissociation methods, tandem mass tag (TMT 10plex) labeling, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 24977290 6 0 theme glycosylation 964:976 arg1 sites 978:982 the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites 938:982 the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites 938:982 Nine of the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites were identified in or near the metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR1) and the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13. 24977290 9 1 theme TSR4 1611:1614 arg1 ADAMTS13 1627:1634 ADAMTS13 1627:1634 ADAMTS13 1627:1634 In addition to putative O-fucosylation and N-linked glycosylation, two putative C-mannosylation sites were identified within the TSR1 and TSR4 domains of ADAMTS13. 24977290 9 1 theme TSR4 1611:1614 arg1 domains 1616:1622 the TSR1 and TSR4 domains 1598:1622 domains 1616:1622 In addition to putative O-fucosylation and N-linked glycosylation, two putative C-mannosylation sites were identified within the TSR1 and TSR4 domains of ADAMTS13. 24977290 2 2 theme diseases.N-linked 374:390 arg1 glycosylation 392:404 autoimmune diseases.N-linked glycosylation 363:404 autoimmune diseases.N-linked glycosylation 363:404 Several studies have shown that aberrant glycosylation can play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation sites have been predicted or identified in recombinant ADAMTS13. 24977290 11 3 from initiation 1780:1789 arg1 patients 1836:1843 patients 1836:1843 patients with acquired TTP 1836:1861 We anticipate that our findings may be relevant for the initiation of autoimmune reactivity against ADAMTS13 in patients with acquired TTP. 24977290 6 4 theme predicted 945:953 arg1 sites 978:982 the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites 938:982 the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites 938:982 Nine of the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites were identified in or near the metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR1) and the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13. 24977290 0 5 link N-linked 18:25 arg1 glycosylation 27:39 N-linked glycosylation 18:39 N-linked glycosylation 18:39 Identification of N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation sites in plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 7 6 theme O-fucosylated 1139:1151 arg1 sites 1153:1157 six putative O-fucosylated sites 1126:1157 six putative O-fucosylated sites 1126:1157 Moreover, six putative O-fucosylated sites were identified in the TSR domains of plasma ADAMTS13 by performing searches of the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data for loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da). 24977290 10 7 link derived 1706:1712 arg1 ADAMTS13 1714:1721 plasma derived ADAMTS13 1699:1721 plasma derived ADAMTS13 1699:1721 CONCLUSIONS: Our data identify several glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 2 8 theme aberrant 290:297 arg1 glycosylation 299:311 aberrant glycosylation 290:311 aberrant glycosylation 290:311 Several studies have shown that aberrant glycosylation can play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation sites have been predicted or identified in recombinant ADAMTS13. 24977290 1 9 theme life-threatening 182:197 arg1 disorder 199:206 a rare and life-threatening disorder 171:206 a rare and life-threatening disorder called thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) 171:255 BACKGROUND: Acquired deficiency of ADAMTS13 causes a rare and life-threatening disorder called thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). 24977290 10 10 from sites 1690:1694 arg1 ADAMTS13 1714:1721 plasma derived ADAMTS13 1699:1721 plasma derived ADAMTS13 1699:1721 CONCLUSIONS: Our data identify several glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 11 11 with patients 1836:1843 arg1 TTP 1859:1861 acquired TTP 1850:1861 acquired TTP 1850:1861 We anticipate that our findings may be relevant for the initiation of autoimmune reactivity against ADAMTS13 in patients with acquired TTP. 24977290 6 12 theme metalloproteinase 1015:1031 arg1 repeat 1063:1068 metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat 1015:1068 repeat 1063:1068 Nine of the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites were identified in or near the metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR1) and the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13. 24977290 6 12 theme metalloproteinase 1015:1031 arg1 TSR1 1071:1074 TSR1 1071:1074 TSR1 1071:1074 Nine of the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites were identified in or near the metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR1) and the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13. 24977290 4 13 theme N-linked 684:691 arg1 glycosylation 693:705 N-linked glycosylation 684:705 N-linked glycosylation 684:705 OBJECTIVES: Here we investigated the presence of putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 5 14 theme N-linked 767:774 arg1 glycosylation 776:788 N-linked glycosylation 767:788 N-linked glycosylation 767:788 METHODS/RESULTS: Sites of N-linked glycosylation were determined by the use of peptide N-glycosidase-F (PNGase F), which removes the entire carbohydrate from the side chain of asparagines. 24977290 5 15 link N-linked 767:774 arg1 glycosylation 776:788 N-linked glycosylation 767:788 N-linked glycosylation 767:788 METHODS/RESULTS: Sites of N-linked glycosylation were determined by the use of peptide N-glycosidase-F (PNGase F), which removes the entire carbohydrate from the side chain of asparagines. 24977290 1 16 theme thrombocytopenic 226:241 arg1 TTP 252:254 TTP 252:254 TTP 252:254 BACKGROUND: Acquired deficiency of ADAMTS13 causes a rare and life-threatening disorder called thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). 24977290 1 16 theme thrombocytopenic 226:241 arg1 purpura 243:249 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 215:249 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) 215:255 BACKGROUND: Acquired deficiency of ADAMTS13 causes a rare and life-threatening disorder called thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). 24977290 8 17 theme dissociation 1392:1403 arg1 use 1367:1369 The use 1363:1369 The use of electron transfer dissociation (ETD) 1363:1409 The use of electron transfer dissociation (ETD) allowed for unambiguous identification of the modified sites. 24977290 7 18 gly O-fucosylated 1139:1151 arg1 sites 1153:1157 six putative O-fucosylated sites 1126:1157 six putative O-fucosylated sites 1126:1157 Moreover, six putative O-fucosylated sites were identified in the TSR domains of plasma ADAMTS13 by performing searches of the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data for loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da). 24977290 11 19 theme autoimmune 1794:1803 arg1 reactivity 1805:1814 autoimmune reactivity 1794:1814 autoimmune reactivity against ADAMTS13 1794:1831 We anticipate that our findings may be relevant for the initiation of autoimmune reactivity against ADAMTS13 in patients with acquired TTP. 24977290 5 20 theme side 903:906 arg1 chain 908:912 the side chain 899:912 the side chain of asparagines 899:927 METHODS/RESULTS: Sites of N-linked glycosylation were determined by the use of peptide N-glycosidase-F (PNGase F), which removes the entire carbohydrate from the side chain of asparagines. 24977290 7 21 theme hexose 1335:1340 arg1 deoxyhexose 1342:1352 hexose deoxyhexose 1335:1352 hexose deoxyhexose 1335:1352 Moreover, six putative O-fucosylated sites were identified in the TSR domains of plasma ADAMTS13 by performing searches of the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data for loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da). 24977290 1 22 theme Acquired 132:139 arg1 deficiency 141:150 Acquired deficiency 132:150 Acquired deficiency of ADAMTS13 132:162 BACKGROUND: Acquired deficiency of ADAMTS13 causes a rare and life-threatening disorder called thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). 24977290 8 23 theme unambiguous 1423:1433 arg1 identification 1435:1448 unambiguous identification 1423:1448 unambiguous identification of the modified sites 1423:1470 The use of electron transfer dissociation (ETD) allowed for unambiguous identification of the modified sites. 24977290 4 24 link N-linked 684:691 arg1 glycosylation 693:705 N-linked glycosylation 684:705 N-linked glycosylation 684:705 OBJECTIVES: Here we investigated the presence of putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 5 25 theme peptide 820:826 arg1 N-glycosidase-F 828:842 peptide N-glycosidase-F 820:842 peptide N-glycosidase-F (PNGase F) 820:853 METHODS/RESULTS: Sites of N-linked glycosylation were determined by the use of peptide N-glycosidase-F (PNGase F), which removes the entire carbohydrate from the side chain of asparagines. 24977290 5 25 theme peptide 820:826 arg1 F 852:852 PNGase F 845:852 PNGase F 845:852 METHODS/RESULTS: Sites of N-linked glycosylation were determined by the use of peptide N-glycosidase-F (PNGase F), which removes the entire carbohydrate from the side chain of asparagines. 24977290 5 26 theme entire 874:879 arg1 carbohydrate 881:892 the entire carbohydrate 870:892 the entire carbohydrate 870:892 METHODS/RESULTS: Sites of N-linked glycosylation were determined by the use of peptide N-glycosidase-F (PNGase F), which removes the entire carbohydrate from the side chain of asparagines. 24977290 7 27 theme tandem 1243:1248 arg1 MS/MS 1269:1273 MS/MS 1269:1273 MS/MS 1269:1273 Moreover, six putative O-fucosylated sites were identified in the TSR domains of plasma ADAMTS13 by performing searches of the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data for loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da). 24977290 7 27 theme tandem 1243:1248 arg1 spectrometry 1255:1266 the tandem mass spectrometry 1239:1266 the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data 1239:1279 Moreover, six putative O-fucosylated sites were identified in the TSR domains of plasma ADAMTS13 by performing searches of the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data for loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da). 24977290 1 28 theme rare 173:176 arg1 disorder 199:206 a rare and life-threatening disorder 171:206 a rare and life-threatening disorder called thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) 171:255 BACKGROUND: Acquired deficiency of ADAMTS13 causes a rare and life-threatening disorder called thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). 24977290 8 29 theme modified 1457:1464 arg1 sites 1466:1470 the modified sites 1453:1470 the modified sites 1453:1470 The use of electron transfer dissociation (ETD) allowed for unambiguous identification of the modified sites. 24977290 4 30 from presence 627:634 arg1 ADAMTS13 731:738 plasma derived ADAMTS13 716:738 plasma derived ADAMTS13 716:738 OBJECTIVES: Here we investigated the presence of putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 9 31 dep O-fucosylation 1497:1510 arg1 addition 1476:1483 addition 1476:1483 addition 1476:1483 In addition to putative O-fucosylation and N-linked glycosylation, two putative C-mannosylation sites were identified within the TSR1 and TSR4 domains of ADAMTS13. 24977290 10 32 dep derived 1706:1712 arg1 plasma 1699:1704 plasma 1699:1704 plasma 1699:1704 CONCLUSIONS: Our data identify several glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 6 33 link N-linked 955:962 arg1 sites 978:982 the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites 938:982 the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites 938:982 Nine of the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites were identified in or near the metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR1) and the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13. 24977290 0 34 theme putative 45:52 arg1 O-fucosylation 54:67 putative O-fucosylation 45:67 putative O-fucosylation 45:67 Identification of N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation sites in plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 9 35 theme N-linked 1516:1523 arg1 glycosylation 1525:1537 N-linked glycosylation 1516:1537 N-linked glycosylation 1516:1537 In addition to putative O-fucosylation and N-linked glycosylation, two putative C-mannosylation sites were identified within the TSR1 and TSR4 domains of ADAMTS13. 24977290 6 36 theme plasma 1099:1104 arg1 ADAMTS13 1106:1113 plasma ADAMTS13 1099:1113 plasma ADAMTS13 1099:1113 Nine of the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites were identified in or near the metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR1) and the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13. 24977290 2 37 gly O-fucosylation 419:432 arg2 sites 434:438 putative O-fucosylation sites 410:438 putative O-fucosylation sites 410:438 Several studies have shown that aberrant glycosylation can play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation sites have been predicted or identified in recombinant ADAMTS13. 24977290 7 38 theme ADAMTS13 1204:1211 arg1 domains 1186:1192 the TSR domains 1178:1192 the TSR domains of plasma ADAMTS13 1178:1211 Moreover, six putative O-fucosylated sites were identified in the TSR domains of plasma ADAMTS13 by performing searches of the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data for loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da). 24977290 7 38 theme ADAMTS13 1204:1211 arg1 ADAMTS13 1204:1211 plasma ADAMTS13 1197:1211 plasma ADAMTS13 1197:1211 Moreover, six putative O-fucosylated sites were identified in the TSR domains of plasma ADAMTS13 by performing searches of the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data for loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da). 24977290 7 39 theme deoxyhexose 1310:1320 arg1 loss 1285:1288 loss 1285:1288 loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da) 1285:1360 Moreover, six putative O-fucosylated sites were identified in the TSR domains of plasma ADAMTS13 by performing searches of the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data for loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da). 24977290 0 40 theme N-linked 18:25 arg1 glycosylation 27:39 N-linked glycosylation 18:39 N-linked glycosylation 18:39 Identification of N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation sites in plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 9 41 theme putative 1544:1551 arg1 sites 1569:1573 two putative C-mannosylation sites 1540:1573 two putative C-mannosylation sites 1540:1573 In addition to putative O-fucosylation and N-linked glycosylation, two putative C-mannosylation sites were identified within the TSR1 and TSR4 domains of ADAMTS13. 24977290 0 42 theme C-mannosylation 70:84 arg1 sites 86:90 C-mannosylation sites 70:90 C-mannosylation sites in plasma derived ADAMTS13 70:117 Identification of N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation sites in plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 7 43 theme TSR 1182:1184 arg1 domains 1186:1192 the TSR domains 1178:1192 the TSR domains of plasma ADAMTS13 1178:1211 Moreover, six putative O-fucosylated sites were identified in the TSR domains of plasma ADAMTS13 by performing searches of the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data for loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da). 24977290 7 43 theme TSR 1182:1184 arg1 ADAMTS13 1204:1211 plasma ADAMTS13 1197:1211 plasma ADAMTS13 1197:1211 Moreover, six putative O-fucosylated sites were identified in the TSR domains of plasma ADAMTS13 by performing searches of the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data for loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da). 24977290 7 44 theme 162 1301:1303 arg1 Da 1305:1306 162 Da 1301:1306 162 Da 1301:1306 Moreover, six putative O-fucosylated sites were identified in the TSR domains of plasma ADAMTS13 by performing searches of the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data for loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da). 24977290 7 44 theme 162 1301:1303 arg1 hexose 1293:1298 hexose 1293:1298 hexose (162 Da) 1293:1307 Moreover, six putative O-fucosylated sites were identified in the TSR domains of plasma ADAMTS13 by performing searches of the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data for loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da). 24977290 7 45 theme spectrometry 1255:1266 arg1 data 1276:1279 the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data 1239:1279 the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data 1239:1279 Moreover, six putative O-fucosylated sites were identified in the TSR domains of plasma ADAMTS13 by performing searches of the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data for loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da). 24977290 2 46 theme autoimmune 363:372 arg1 glycosylation 392:404 autoimmune diseases.N-linked glycosylation 363:404 autoimmune diseases.N-linked glycosylation 363:404 Several studies have shown that aberrant glycosylation can play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation sites have been predicted or identified in recombinant ADAMTS13. 24977290 0 47 theme O-fucosylation 54:67 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification of N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation 0:67 Identification of N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation sites in plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 7 48 theme hexose 1293:1298 arg1 loss 1285:1288 loss 1285:1288 loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da) 1285:1360 Moreover, six putative O-fucosylated sites were identified in the TSR domains of plasma ADAMTS13 by performing searches of the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data for loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da). 24977290 4 49 dep derived 723:729 arg1 plasma 716:721 plasma 716:721 plasma 716:721 OBJECTIVES: Here we investigated the presence of putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 4 50 theme putative 639:646 arg1 sites 707:711 putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites 639:711 putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites 639:711 OBJECTIVES: Here we investigated the presence of putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 8 51 theme transfer 1383:1390 arg1 ETD 1406:1408 ETD 1406:1408 ETD 1406:1408 The use of electron transfer dissociation (ETD) allowed for unambiguous identification of the modified sites. 24977290 8 51 theme transfer 1383:1390 arg1 dissociation 1392:1403 electron transfer dissociation 1374:1403 electron transfer dissociation (ETD) 1374:1409 The use of electron transfer dissociation (ETD) allowed for unambiguous identification of the modified sites. 24977290 2 52 theme putative 410:417 arg1 sites 434:438 putative O-fucosylation sites 410:438 putative O-fucosylation sites 410:438 Several studies have shown that aberrant glycosylation can play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation sites have been predicted or identified in recombinant ADAMTS13. 24977290 6 53 theme sites 978:982 arg1 Nine 930:933 Nine 930:933 Nine 930:933 Nine of the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites were identified in or near the metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR1) and the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13. 24977290 6 53 theme sites 978:982 arg1 sites 978:982 the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites 938:982 the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites 938:982 Nine of the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites were identified in or near the metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR1) and the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13. 24977290 7 54 theme data 1276:1279 arg1 searches 1227:1234 searches 1227:1234 searches of the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data for loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da) 1227:1360 Moreover, six putative O-fucosylated sites were identified in the TSR domains of plasma ADAMTS13 by performing searches of the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data for loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da). 24977290 2 55 theme glycosylation 392:404 arg1 pathogenesis 347:358 the pathogenesis 343:358 the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.N-linked glycosylation 343:404 Several studies have shown that aberrant glycosylation can play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation sites have been predicted or identified in recombinant ADAMTS13. 24977290 6 56 theme N-linked 955:962 arg1 sites 978:982 the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites 938:982 the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites 938:982 Nine of the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites were identified in or near the metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR1) and the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13. 24977290 7 57 theme putative 1130:1137 arg1 sites 1153:1157 six putative O-fucosylated sites 1126:1157 six putative O-fucosylated sites 1126:1157 Moreover, six putative O-fucosylated sites were identified in the TSR domains of plasma ADAMTS13 by performing searches of the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data for loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da). 24977290 9 58 link N-linked 1516:1523 arg1 glycosylation 1525:1537 N-linked glycosylation 1516:1537 N-linked glycosylation 1516:1537 In addition to putative O-fucosylation and N-linked glycosylation, two putative C-mannosylation sites were identified within the TSR1 and TSR4 domains of ADAMTS13. 24977290 9 59 theme ADAMTS13 1627:1634 arg1 ADAMTS13 1627:1634 ADAMTS13 1627:1634 ADAMTS13 1627:1634 In addition to putative O-fucosylation and N-linked glycosylation, two putative C-mannosylation sites were identified within the TSR1 and TSR4 domains of ADAMTS13. 24977290 9 59 theme ADAMTS13 1627:1634 arg1 domains 1616:1622 the TSR1 and TSR4 domains 1598:1622 domains 1616:1622 In addition to putative O-fucosylation and N-linked glycosylation, two putative C-mannosylation sites were identified within the TSR1 and TSR4 domains of ADAMTS13. 24977290 2 60 link diseases.N-linked 374:390 arg1 glycosylation 392:404 autoimmune diseases.N-linked glycosylation 363:404 autoimmune diseases.N-linked glycosylation 363:404 Several studies have shown that aberrant glycosylation can play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation sites have been predicted or identified in recombinant ADAMTS13. 24977290 4 61 gly glycosylation 693:705 arg2 sites 707:711 putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites 639:711 putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites 639:711 OBJECTIVES: Here we investigated the presence of putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 5 62 theme asparagines 917:927 arg1 chain 908:912 the side chain 899:912 the side chain of asparagines 899:927 METHODS/RESULTS: Sites of N-linked glycosylation were determined by the use of peptide N-glycosidase-F (PNGase F), which removes the entire carbohydrate from the side chain of asparagines. 24977290 4 63 theme derived 723:729 arg1 ADAMTS13 731:738 plasma derived ADAMTS13 716:738 plasma derived ADAMTS13 716:738 OBJECTIVES: Here we investigated the presence of putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 2 64 theme important 325:333 arg1 role 335:338 an important role 322:338 an important role 322:338 Several studies have shown that aberrant glycosylation can play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation sites have been predicted or identified in recombinant ADAMTS13. 24977290 1 65 theme thrombotic 215:224 arg1 TTP 252:254 TTP 252:254 TTP 252:254 BACKGROUND: Acquired deficiency of ADAMTS13 causes a rare and life-threatening disorder called thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). 24977290 1 65 theme thrombotic 215:224 arg1 purpura 243:249 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 215:249 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) 215:255 BACKGROUND: Acquired deficiency of ADAMTS13 causes a rare and life-threatening disorder called thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). 24977290 5 66 theme glycosylation 776:788 arg1 Sites 758:762 Sites 758:762 Sites of N-linked glycosylation 758:788 METHODS/RESULTS: Sites of N-linked glycosylation were determined by the use of peptide N-glycosidase-F (PNGase F), which removes the entire carbohydrate from the side chain of asparagines. 24977290 5 66 theme glycosylation 776:788 arg1 glycosylation 776:788 N-linked glycosylation 767:788 N-linked glycosylation 767:788 METHODS/RESULTS: Sites of N-linked glycosylation were determined by the use of peptide N-glycosidase-F (PNGase F), which removes the entire carbohydrate from the side chain of asparagines. 24977290 2 67 theme Several 258:264 arg1 studies 266:272 Several studies 258:272 Several studies 258:272 Several studies have shown that aberrant glycosylation can play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation sites have been predicted or identified in recombinant ADAMTS13. 24977290 0 68 from sites 86:90 arg1 plasma 95:100 plasma 95:100 plasma derived ADAMTS13 95:117 Identification of N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation sites in plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 4 69 link derived 723:729 arg1 ADAMTS13 731:738 plasma derived ADAMTS13 716:738 plasma derived ADAMTS13 716:738 OBJECTIVES: Here we investigated the presence of putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 4 70 theme glycosylation 693:705 arg1 sites 707:711 putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites 639:711 putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites 639:711 OBJECTIVES: Here we investigated the presence of putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 11 71 theme reactivity 1805:1814 arg1 initiation 1780:1789 the initiation 1776:1789 the initiation of autoimmune reactivity against ADAMTS13 in patients with acquired TTP 1776:1861 We anticipate that our findings may be relevant for the initiation of autoimmune reactivity against ADAMTS13 in patients with acquired TTP. 24977290 7 72 theme deoxyhexose 1342:1352 arg1 loss 1285:1288 loss 1285:1288 loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da) 1285:1360 Moreover, six putative O-fucosylated sites were identified in the TSR domains of plasma ADAMTS13 by performing searches of the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data for loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da). 24977290 9 73 theme putative 1488:1495 arg1 O-fucosylation 1497:1510 putative O-fucosylation 1488:1510 putative O-fucosylation 1488:1510 In addition to putative O-fucosylation and N-linked glycosylation, two putative C-mannosylation sites were identified within the TSR1 and TSR4 domains of ADAMTS13. 24977290 5 74 gly glycosylation 776:788 arg2 glycosylation 776:788 N-linked glycosylation 767:788 N-linked glycosylation 767:788 METHODS/RESULTS: Sites of N-linked glycosylation were determined by the use of peptide N-glycosidase-F (PNGase F), which removes the entire carbohydrate from the side chain of asparagines. 24977290 5 74 gly glycosylation 776:788 arg2 Sites 758:762 Sites 758:762 Sites of N-linked glycosylation 758:788 METHODS/RESULTS: Sites of N-linked glycosylation were determined by the use of peptide N-glycosidase-F (PNGase F), which removes the entire carbohydrate from the side chain of asparagines. 24977290 7 75 theme mass 1250:1253 arg1 MS/MS 1269:1273 MS/MS 1269:1273 MS/MS 1269:1273 Moreover, six putative O-fucosylated sites were identified in the TSR domains of plasma ADAMTS13 by performing searches of the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data for loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da). 24977290 7 75 theme mass 1250:1253 arg1 spectrometry 1255:1266 the tandem mass spectrometry 1239:1266 the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data 1239:1279 Moreover, six putative O-fucosylated sites were identified in the TSR domains of plasma ADAMTS13 by performing searches of the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data for loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da). 24977290 4 76 attach presence 627:634 arg2 sites 707:711 putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites 639:711 putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites 639:711 OBJECTIVES: Here we investigated the presence of putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 4 76 attach presence 627:634 arg1 ADAMTS13 731:738 plasma derived ADAMTS13 716:738 plasma derived ADAMTS13 716:738 OBJECTIVES: Here we investigated the presence of putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 1 77 theme ADAMTS13 155:162 arg1 deficiency 141:150 Acquired deficiency 132:150 Acquired deficiency of ADAMTS13 132:162 BACKGROUND: Acquired deficiency of ADAMTS13 causes a rare and life-threatening disorder called thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). 24977290 6 78 gly glycosylation 964:976 arg2 sites 978:982 the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites 938:982 the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites 938:982 Nine of the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites were identified in or near the metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR1) and the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13. 24977290 6 78 gly glycosylation 964:976 arg2 10 942:943 10 942:943 10 942:943 Nine of the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites were identified in or near the metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR1) and the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13. 24977290 10 79 theme glycosylation 1676:1688 arg1 sites 1690:1694 several glycosylation sites 1668:1694 several glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13 1668:1721 CONCLUSIONS: Our data identify several glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 5 80 theme N-glycosidase-F 828:842 arg1 use 813:815 the use 809:815 the use 809:815 METHODS/RESULTS: Sites of N-linked glycosylation were determined by the use of peptide N-glycosidase-F (PNGase F), which removes the entire carbohydrate from the side chain of asparagines. 24977290 11 81 theme acquired 1850:1857 arg1 TTP 1859:1861 acquired TTP 1850:1861 acquired TTP 1850:1861 We anticipate that our findings may be relevant for the initiation of autoimmune reactivity against ADAMTS13 in patients with acquired TTP. 24977290 6 82 theme type 1056:1059 arg1 repeat 1063:1068 metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat 1015:1068 repeat 1063:1068 Nine of the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites were identified in or near the metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR1) and the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13. 24977290 6 82 theme type 1056:1059 arg1 TSR1 1071:1074 TSR1 1071:1074 TSR1 1071:1074 Nine of the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites were identified in or near the metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR1) and the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13. 24977290 8 83 theme sites 1466:1470 arg1 identification 1435:1448 unambiguous identification 1423:1448 unambiguous identification of the modified sites 1423:1470 The use of electron transfer dissociation (ETD) allowed for unambiguous identification of the modified sites. 24977290 4 84 gly O-fucosylation 648:661 arg2 sites 707:711 putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites 639:711 putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites 639:711 OBJECTIVES: Here we investigated the presence of putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 0 85 gly C-mannosylation 70:84 arg2 sites 86:90 C-mannosylation sites 70:90 C-mannosylation sites in plasma derived ADAMTS13 70:117 Identification of N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation sites in plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 6 86 dep repeat 1063:1068 arg1 thrombospondin 1041:1054 metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat 1015:1068 thrombospondin 1041:1054 Nine of the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites were identified in or near the metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR1) and the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13. 24977290 6 86 dep repeat 1063:1068 arg1 spacer 1033:1038 metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat 1015:1068 spacer 1033:1038 Nine of the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites were identified in or near the metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR1) and the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13. 24977290 3 87 gly glycosylated 549:560 arg1 plasma 565:570 plasma 565:570 plasma derived ADAMTS13 565:587 However, it is not known which of these sites are glycosylated in plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 3 87 gly glycosylated 549:560 arg1 which 524:528 which 524:528 which 524:528 However, it is not known which of these sites are glycosylated in plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 3 87 gly glycosylated 549:560 arg2 which 524:528 which 524:528 which 524:528 However, it is not known which of these sites are glycosylated in plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 10 88 gly glycosylation 1676:1688 arg2 sites 1690:1694 several glycosylation sites 1668:1694 several glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13 1668:1721 CONCLUSIONS: Our data identify several glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 4 89 gly C-mannosylation 664:678 arg2 sites 707:711 putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites 639:711 putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites 639:711 OBJECTIVES: Here we investigated the presence of putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 6 90 theme ADAMTS13 1106:1113 arg1 repeat 1063:1068 metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat 1015:1068 repeat 1063:1068 Nine of the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites were identified in or near the metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR1) and the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13. 24977290 6 90 theme ADAMTS13 1106:1113 arg1 ADAMTS13 1106:1113 plasma ADAMTS13 1099:1113 plasma ADAMTS13 1099:1113 Nine of the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites were identified in or near the metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR1) and the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13. 24977290 6 90 theme ADAMTS13 1106:1113 arg1 domain 1089:1094 the CUB domain 1081:1094 the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13 1081:1113 Nine of the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites were identified in or near the metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR1) and the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13. 24977290 6 90 theme ADAMTS13 1106:1113 arg1 TSR1 1071:1074 TSR1 1071:1074 TSR1 1071:1074 Nine of the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites were identified in or near the metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR1) and the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13. 24977290 9 91 gly C-mannosylation 1553:1567 arg2 sites 1569:1573 two putative C-mannosylation sites 1540:1573 two putative C-mannosylation sites 1540:1573 In addition to putative O-fucosylation and N-linked glycosylation, two putative C-mannosylation sites were identified within the TSR1 and TSR4 domains of ADAMTS13. 24977290 7 92 theme plasma 1197:1202 arg1 ADAMTS13 1204:1211 plasma ADAMTS13 1197:1211 plasma ADAMTS13 1197:1211 Moreover, six putative O-fucosylated sites were identified in the TSR domains of plasma ADAMTS13 by performing searches of the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data for loss of hexose (162 Da), deoxyhexose (146 Da), or hexose deoxyhexose(308 Da). 24977290 2 93 theme O-fucosylation 419:432 arg1 sites 434:438 putative O-fucosylation sites 410:438 putative O-fucosylation sites 410:438 Several studies have shown that aberrant glycosylation can play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation sites have been predicted or identified in recombinant ADAMTS13. 24977290 0 94 theme glycosylation 27:39 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification of N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation 0:67 Identification of N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation sites in plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 0 95 dep sites 86:90 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification of N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation 0:67 Identification of N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation sites in plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 6 96 theme CUB 1085:1087 arg1 domain 1089:1094 the CUB domain 1081:1094 the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13 1081:1113 Nine of the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites were identified in or near the metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR1) and the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13. 24977290 6 96 theme CUB 1085:1087 arg1 ADAMTS13 1106:1113 plasma ADAMTS13 1099:1113 plasma ADAMTS13 1099:1113 Nine of the 10 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites were identified in or near the metalloproteinase,spacer, thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR1) and the CUB domain of plasma ADAMTS13. 24977290 2 97 theme recombinant 477:487 arg1 ADAMTS13 489:496 recombinant ADAMTS13 477:496 recombinant ADAMTS13 477:496 Several studies have shown that aberrant glycosylation can play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.N-linked glycosylation and putative O-fucosylation sites have been predicted or identified in recombinant ADAMTS13. 24977290 10 98 theme derived 1706:1712 arg1 ADAMTS13 1714:1721 plasma derived ADAMTS13 1699:1721 plasma derived ADAMTS13 1699:1721 CONCLUSIONS: Our data identify several glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 5 99 theme PNGase 845:850 arg1 N-glycosidase-F 828:842 peptide N-glycosidase-F 820:842 peptide N-glycosidase-F (PNGase F) 820:853 METHODS/RESULTS: Sites of N-linked glycosylation were determined by the use of peptide N-glycosidase-F (PNGase F), which removes the entire carbohydrate from the side chain of asparagines. 24977290 5 99 theme PNGase 845:850 arg1 F 852:852 PNGase F 845:852 PNGase F 845:852 METHODS/RESULTS: Sites of N-linked glycosylation were determined by the use of peptide N-glycosidase-F (PNGase F), which removes the entire carbohydrate from the side chain of asparagines. 24977290 4 100 theme sites 707:711 arg1 presence 627:634 the presence 623:634 the presence of putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13 623:738 OBJECTIVES: Here we investigated the presence of putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 9 101 theme C-mannosylation 1553:1567 arg1 sites 1569:1573 two putative C-mannosylation sites 1540:1573 two putative C-mannosylation sites 1540:1573 In addition to putative O-fucosylation and N-linked glycosylation, two putative C-mannosylation sites were identified within the TSR1 and TSR4 domains of ADAMTS13. 24977290 10 102 theme several 1668:1674 arg1 sites 1690:1694 several glycosylation sites 1668:1694 several glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13 1668:1721 CONCLUSIONS: Our data identify several glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 4 103 theme O-fucosylation 648:661 arg1 sites 707:711 putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites 639:711 putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites 639:711 OBJECTIVES: Here we investigated the presence of putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 9 104 theme TSR1 1602:1605 arg1 ADAMTS13 1627:1634 ADAMTS13 1627:1634 ADAMTS13 1627:1634 In addition to putative O-fucosylation and N-linked glycosylation, two putative C-mannosylation sites were identified within the TSR1 and TSR4 domains of ADAMTS13. 24977290 9 104 theme TSR1 1602:1605 arg1 domains 1616:1622 the TSR1 and TSR4 domains 1598:1622 domains 1616:1622 In addition to putative O-fucosylation and N-linked glycosylation, two putative C-mannosylation sites were identified within the TSR1 and TSR4 domains of ADAMTS13. 24977290 4 105 theme C-mannosylation 664:678 arg1 sites 707:711 putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites 639:711 putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites 639:711 OBJECTIVES: Here we investigated the presence of putative O-fucosylation, C-mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation sites on plasma derived ADAMTS13. 24977290 8 106 theme electron 1374:1381 arg1 ETD 1406:1408 ETD 1406:1408 ETD 1406:1408 The use of electron transfer dissociation (ETD) allowed for unambiguous identification of the modified sites. 24977290 8 106 theme electron 1374:1381 arg1 dissociation 1392:1403 electron transfer dissociation 1374:1403 electron transfer dissociation (ETD) 1374:1409 The use of electron transfer dissociation (ETD) allowed for unambiguous identification of the modified sites. 25568279 0 0 link O-linked 71:78 arg1 glycosylation 80:92 O-linked glycosylation 71:92 O-linked glycosylation 71:92 GlycoMine: a machine learning-based approach for predicting N-, C- and O-linked glycosylation in the human proteome. 25568279 10 1 theme Java 1973:1976 arg1 Applet 1978:1983 Java Applet 1973:1983 Java Applet 1973:1983 AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The webserver, Java Applet, user instructions, datasets, and predicted glycosylation sites in the human proteome are freely available at http://www.structbioinfor.org/Lab/GlycoMine/. 25568279 11 2 theme @ 2194:2194 arg1 monash.edu 2195:2204 Jiangning.Song@monash.edu or James.Whisstock@monash.edu 2150:2204 monash.edu 2195:2204 CONTACT: Jiangning.Song@monash.edu or James.Whisstock@monash.edu or zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. 25568279 6 3 theme sites 1173:1177 arg1 types 1150:1154 all three types 1140:1154 all three types 1140:1154 GlycoMine was developed using the random forest algorithm and evaluated based on a well-prepared up-to-date benchmark dataset that encompasses all three types of glycosylation sites, which was curated from multiple public resources. 25568279 7 4 attach derived 1283:1289 arg1 sources 1304:1310 various sources 1296:1310 various sources 1296:1310 Heterogeneous sequences and functional features were derived from various sources, and subjected to further two-step feature selection to characterize a condensed subset of optimal features that contributed most to the type-specific prediction of glycosylation sites. 25568279 7 4 attach derived 1283:1289 arg2 features 1269:1276 functional features 1258:1276 functional features 1258:1276 Heterogeneous sequences and functional features were derived from various sources, and subjected to further two-step feature selection to characterize a condensed subset of optimal features that contributed most to the type-specific prediction of glycosylation sites. 25568279 7 4 attach derived 1283:1289 arg2 sequences 1244:1252 Heterogeneous sequences 1230:1252 Heterogeneous sequences 1230:1252 Heterogeneous sequences and functional features were derived from various sources, and subjected to further two-step feature selection to characterize a condensed subset of optimal features that contributed most to the type-specific prediction of glycosylation sites. 25568279 3 5 theme glycosylation 505:517 arg1 sites 519:523 glycosylation sites 505:523 glycosylation sites 505:523 However, it is still a significant challenge to identify glycosylation sites, which requires expensive/laborious experimental research. 25568279 1 6 theme vital 246:250 arg1 roles 252:256 vital roles 246:256 vital roles 246:256 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 5 7 link N-linked 931:938 arg1 sites 968:972 C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites 921:972 C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome 921:994 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 7 8 theme glycosylation 1477:1489 arg1 sites 1491:1495 glycosylation sites 1477:1495 glycosylation sites 1477:1495 Heterogeneous sequences and functional features were derived from various sources, and subjected to further two-step feature selection to characterize a condensed subset of optimal features that contributed most to the type-specific prediction of glycosylation sites. 25568279 11 9 theme SUPPLEMENTARY 2233:2245 arg1 INFORMATION 2247:2257 zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 2209:2257 zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 2209:2257 CONTACT: Jiangning.Song@monash.edu or James.Whisstock@monash.edu or zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. 25568279 4 10 from occupancy 644:652 arg1 sequences 685:693 protein sequences 677:693 protein sequences 677:693 Thus, bioinformatics approaches that can predict the glycan occupancy at specific sequons in protein sequences would be useful for understanding and utilizing this important PTM. 25568279 11 11 theme @ 2218:2218 arg1 INFORMATION 2247:2257 zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 2209:2257 zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 2209:2257 CONTACT: Jiangning.Song@monash.edu or James.Whisstock@monash.edu or zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. 25568279 7 12 theme features 1411:1418 arg1 subset 1393:1398 a condensed subset 1381:1398 a condensed subset of optimal features that contributed most to the type-specific prediction of glycosylation sites 1381:1495 Heterogeneous sequences and functional features were derived from various sources, and subjected to further two-step feature selection to characterize a condensed subset of optimal features that contributed most to the type-specific prediction of glycosylation sites. 25568279 4 13 theme specific 657:664 arg1 sequons 666:672 specific sequons 657:672 specific sequons 657:672 Thus, bioinformatics approaches that can predict the glycan occupancy at specific sequons in protein sequences would be useful for understanding and utilizing this important PTM. 25568279 10 14 theme glycosylation 2029:2041 arg1 sites 2043:2047 predicted glycosylation sites 2019:2047 predicted glycosylation sites in the human proteome 2019:2069 AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The webserver, Java Applet, user instructions, datasets, and predicted glycosylation sites in the human proteome are freely available at http://www.structbioinfor.org/Lab/GlycoMine/. 25568279 1 15 theme protein 167:173 arg1 modification 194:205 protein post-translational modification 167:205 protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells 167:231 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 1 15 theme protein 167:173 arg1 PTM 208:210 PTM 208:210 PTM 208:210 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 10 16 gly glycosylation 2029:2041 arg2 sites 2043:2047 predicted glycosylation sites 2019:2047 predicted glycosylation sites in the human proteome 2019:2069 AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The webserver, Java Applet, user instructions, datasets, and predicted glycosylation sites in the human proteome are freely available at http://www.structbioinfor.org/Lab/GlycoMine/. 25568279 0 17 theme human 101:105 arg1 proteome 107:114 the human proteome 97:114 the human proteome 97:114 GlycoMine: a machine learning-based approach for predicting N-, C- and O-linked glycosylation in the human proteome. 25568279 1 18 theme subcellular 351:361 arg1 recognition 363:373 subcellular recognition 351:373 subcellular recognition 351:373 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 5 19 theme bioinformatics 806:819 arg1 tool 821:824 a novel bioinformatics tool 798:824 a novel bioinformatics tool 798:824 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 5 19 theme bioinformatics 806:819 arg1 tool 869:872 a comprehensive tool 853:872 a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome 853:994 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 10 20 from instructions 1991:2002 arg1 proteome 2062:2069 the human proteome 2052:2069 the human proteome 2052:2069 AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The webserver, Java Applet, user instructions, datasets, and predicted glycosylation sites in the human proteome are freely available at http://www.structbioinfor.org/Lab/GlycoMine/. 25568279 9 21 theme candidate 1754:1762 arg1 sites 1778:1782 candidate glycosylation sites 1754:1782 candidate glycosylation sites in case study proteins 1754:1805 We demonstrated that this tool could identify candidate glycosylation sites in case study proteins and applied it to identify many high-confidence glycosylation target proteins by screening the entire human proteome. 25568279 0 22 from C- 64:65 arg1 proteome 107:114 the human proteome 97:114 the human proteome 97:114 GlycoMine: a machine learning-based approach for predicting N-, C- and O-linked glycosylation in the human proteome. 25568279 7 23 theme condensed 1383:1391 arg1 subset 1393:1398 a condensed subset 1381:1398 a condensed subset of optimal features that contributed most to the type-specific prediction of glycosylation sites 1381:1495 Heterogeneous sequences and functional features were derived from various sources, and subjected to further two-step feature selection to characterize a condensed subset of optimal features that contributed most to the type-specific prediction of glycosylation sites. 25568279 10 24 theme human 2056:2060 arg1 proteome 2062:2069 the human proteome 2052:2069 the human proteome 2052:2069 AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The webserver, Java Applet, user instructions, datasets, and predicted glycosylation sites in the human proteome are freely available at http://www.structbioinfor.org/Lab/GlycoMine/. 25568279 10 25 from datasets 2005:2012 arg1 proteome 2062:2069 the human proteome 2052:2069 the human proteome 2052:2069 AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The webserver, Java Applet, user instructions, datasets, and predicted glycosylation sites in the human proteome are freely available at http://www.structbioinfor.org/Lab/GlycoMine/. 25568279 0 26 from N- 60:61 arg1 proteome 107:114 the human proteome 97:114 the human proteome 97:114 GlycoMine: a machine learning-based approach for predicting N-, C- and O-linked glycosylation in the human proteome. 25568279 6 27 theme multiple 1203:1210 arg1 resources 1219:1227 multiple public resources 1203:1227 multiple public resources 1203:1227 GlycoMine was developed using the random forest algorithm and evaluated based on a well-prepared up-to-date benchmark dataset that encompasses all three types of glycosylation sites, which was curated from multiple public resources. 25568279 11 28 theme @ 2164:2164 arg1 monash.edu 2165:2174 Jiangning.Song@monash.edu or James.Whisstock@monash.edu 2150:2204 monash.edu 2165:2174 CONTACT: Jiangning.Song@monash.edu or James.Whisstock@monash.edu or zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. 25568279 1 29 from cells 227:231 arg1 Glycosylation 129:141 Glycosylation 129:141 Glycosylation 129:141 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 1 29 from cells 227:231 arg1 MOTIVATION 117:126 MOTIVATION 117:126 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 117:374 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 1 29 from cells 227:231 arg1 type 159:162 a ubiquitous type 146:162 a ubiquitous type 146:162 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 3 30 theme experimental 561:572 arg1 research 574:581 expensive/laborious experimental research 541:581 expensive/laborious experimental research 541:581 However, it is still a significant challenge to identify glycosylation sites, which requires expensive/laborious experimental research. 25568279 5 31 theme systematic 882:891 arg1 identification 903:916 the systematic in silico identification 878:916 the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome 878:994 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 9 32 theme case 1787:1790 arg1 proteins 1798:1805 case study proteins 1787:1805 case study proteins 1787:1805 We demonstrated that this tool could identify candidate glycosylation sites in case study proteins and applied it to identify many high-confidence glycosylation target proteins by screening the entire human proteome. 25568279 8 33 theme Five-fold 1498:1506 arg1 tests 1541:1545 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests 1498:1545 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests 1498:1545 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests show that this approach significantly improved the prediction performance compared with four existing prediction tools: NetNGlyc, NetOGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP. 25568279 7 34 theme two-step 1338:1345 arg1 selection 1355:1363 further two-step feature selection 1330:1363 further two-step feature selection 1330:1363 Heterogeneous sequences and functional features were derived from various sources, and subjected to further two-step feature selection to characterize a condensed subset of optimal features that contributed most to the type-specific prediction of glycosylation sites. 25568279 3 35 gly glycosylation 505:517 arg2 sites 519:523 glycosylation sites 505:523 glycosylation sites 505:523 However, it is still a significant challenge to identify glycosylation sites, which requires expensive/laborious experimental research. 25568279 5 36 theme comprehensive 855:867 arg1 tool 869:872 a comprehensive tool 853:872 a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome 853:994 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 5 36 theme comprehensive 855:867 arg1 tool 821:824 a novel bioinformatics tool 798:824 a novel bioinformatics tool 798:824 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 1 37 theme cellular 304:311 arg1 communication 313:325 cellular communication 304:325 cellular communication 304:325 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 8 38 theme cross-validation 1508:1523 arg1 tests 1541:1545 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests 1498:1545 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests 1498:1545 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests show that this approach significantly improved the prediction performance compared with four existing prediction tools: NetNGlyc, NetOGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP. 25568279 5 39 dep in 893:894 arg1 silico 896:901 silico 896:901 silico 896:901 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 0 40 theme O-linked 71:78 arg1 glycosylation 80:92 O-linked glycosylation 71:92 O-linked glycosylation 71:92 GlycoMine: a machine learning-based approach for predicting N-, C- and O-linked glycosylation in the human proteome. 25568279 9 41 gly glycosylation 1764:1776 arg2 sites 1778:1782 candidate glycosylation sites 1754:1782 candidate glycosylation sites in case study proteins 1754:1805 We demonstrated that this tool could identify candidate glycosylation sites in case study proteins and applied it to identify many high-confidence glycosylation target proteins by screening the entire human proteome. 25568279 7 42 gly glycosylation 1477:1489 arg2 sites 1491:1495 glycosylation sites 1477:1495 glycosylation sites 1477:1495 Heterogeneous sequences and functional features were derived from various sources, and subjected to further two-step feature selection to characterize a condensed subset of optimal features that contributed most to the type-specific prediction of glycosylation sites. 25568279 9 43 theme many 1834:1837 arg1 proteins 1876:1883 many high-confidence glycosylation target proteins 1834:1883 many high-confidence glycosylation target proteins 1834:1883 We demonstrated that this tool could identify candidate glycosylation sites in case study proteins and applied it to identify many high-confidence glycosylation target proteins by screening the entire human proteome. 25568279 8 44 dep tools 1660:1664 arg1 NetOGlyc 1677:1684 NetOGlyc 1677:1684 NetOGlyc 1677:1684 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests show that this approach significantly improved the prediction performance compared with four existing prediction tools: NetNGlyc, NetOGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP. 25568279 8 44 dep tools 1660:1664 arg1 NetNGlyc 1667:1674 NetNGlyc 1667:1674 NetNGlyc 1667:1674 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests show that this approach significantly improved the prediction performance compared with four existing prediction tools: NetNGlyc, NetOGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP. 25568279 8 44 dep tools 1660:1664 arg1 tools 1660:1664 four existing prediction tools 1635:1664 four existing prediction tools: NetNGlyc, NetOGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP 1635:1705 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests show that this approach significantly improved the prediction performance compared with four existing prediction tools: NetNGlyc, NetOGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP. 25568279 8 44 dep tools 1660:1664 arg1 GPP 1703:1705 GPP 1703:1705 GPP 1703:1705 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests show that this approach significantly improved the prediction performance compared with four existing prediction tools: NetNGlyc, NetOGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP. 25568279 8 44 dep tools 1660:1664 arg1 EnsembleGly 1687:1697 EnsembleGly 1687:1697 EnsembleGly 1687:1697 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests show that this approach significantly improved the prediction performance compared with four existing prediction tools: NetNGlyc, NetOGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP. 25568279 10 45 from sites 2043:2047 arg1 proteome 2062:2069 the human proteome 2052:2069 the human proteome 2052:2069 AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The webserver, Java Applet, user instructions, datasets, and predicted glycosylation sites in the human proteome are freely available at http://www.structbioinfor.org/Lab/GlycoMine/. 25568279 5 46 theme O-linked 945:952 arg1 sites 968:972 C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites 921:972 C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome 921:994 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 7 47 theme further 1330:1336 arg1 selection 1355:1363 further two-step feature selection 1330:1363 further two-step feature selection 1330:1363 Heterogeneous sequences and functional features were derived from various sources, and subjected to further two-step feature selection to characterize a condensed subset of optimal features that contributed most to the type-specific prediction of glycosylation sites. 25568279 2 48 theme entire 409:414 arg1 proteome 422:429 the entire human proteome 405:429 the entire human proteome 405:429 It is estimated that >50% of the entire human proteome is glycosylated. 25568279 0 49 gly glycosylation 80:92 arg1 proteome 107:114 the human proteome 97:114 the human proteome 97:114 GlycoMine: a machine learning-based approach for predicting N-, C- and O-linked glycosylation in the human proteome. 25568279 6 50 theme random 1031:1036 arg1 algorithm 1045:1053 the random forest algorithm 1027:1053 the random forest algorithm 1027:1053 GlycoMine was developed using the random forest algorithm and evaluated based on a well-prepared up-to-date benchmark dataset that encompasses all three types of glycosylation sites, which was curated from multiple public resources. 25568279 1 51 theme various 261:267 arg1 recognition 335:345 ligand recognition 328:345 ligand recognition 328:345 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 1 51 theme various 261:267 arg1 communication 313:325 cellular communication 304:325 cellular communication 304:325 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 1 51 theme various 261:267 arg1 BPs 291:293 BPs 291:293 BPs 291:293 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 1 51 theme various 261:267 arg1 recognition 363:373 subcellular recognition 351:373 subcellular recognition 351:373 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 1 51 theme various 261:267 arg1 processes 280:288 various biological processes 261:288 various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition 261:373 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 11 52 theme Bioinformatics 2296:2309 arg1 online 2311:2316 Bioinformatics online 2296:2316 Bioinformatics online 2296:2316 CONTACT: Jiangning.Song@monash.edu or James.Whisstock@monash.edu or zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. 25568279 8 53 theme prediction 1598:1607 arg1 performance 1609:1619 the prediction performance 1594:1619 the prediction performance 1594:1619 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests show that this approach significantly improved the prediction performance compared with four existing prediction tools: NetNGlyc, NetOGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP. 25568279 0 54 theme learning-based 21:34 arg1 approach 36:43 a machine learning-based approach 11:43 GlycoMine: a machine learning-based approach for predicting N-, C- and O-linked glycosylation in the human proteome. 0:115 GlycoMine: a machine learning-based approach for predicting N-, C- and O-linked glycosylation in the human proteome. 25568279 2 55 gly glycosylated 434:445 arg1 proteome 422:429 the entire human proteome 405:429 the entire human proteome 405:429 It is estimated that >50% of the entire human proteome is glycosylated. 25568279 2 55 gly glycosylated 434:445 arg1 % 400:400 >50% 397:400 >50% of the entire human proteome 397:429 It is estimated that >50% of the entire human proteome is glycosylated. 25568279 7 56 theme various 1296:1302 arg1 sources 1304:1310 various sources 1296:1310 various sources 1296:1310 Heterogeneous sequences and functional features were derived from various sources, and subjected to further two-step feature selection to characterize a condensed subset of optimal features that contributed most to the type-specific prediction of glycosylation sites. 25568279 2 57 theme proteome 422:429 arg1 proteome 422:429 the entire human proteome 405:429 the entire human proteome 405:429 It is estimated that >50% of the entire human proteome is glycosylated. 25568279 2 57 theme proteome 422:429 arg1 % 400:400 >50% 397:400 >50% of the entire human proteome 397:429 It is estimated that >50% of the entire human proteome is glycosylated. 25568279 6 58 theme benchmark 1105:1113 arg1 dataset 1115:1121 a well-prepared up-to-date benchmark dataset 1078:1121 a well-prepared up-to-date benchmark dataset that encompasses all three types of glycosylation sites, which was curated from multiple public resources 1078:1227 GlycoMine was developed using the random forest algorithm and evaluated based on a well-prepared up-to-date benchmark dataset that encompasses all three types of glycosylation sites, which was curated from multiple public resources. 25568279 5 59 theme sites 968:972 arg1 identification 903:916 the systematic in silico identification 878:916 the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome 878:994 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 6 60 theme well-prepared 1080:1092 arg1 dataset 1115:1121 a well-prepared up-to-date benchmark dataset 1078:1121 a well-prepared up-to-date benchmark dataset that encompasses all three types of glycosylation sites, which was curated from multiple public resources 1078:1227 GlycoMine was developed using the random forest algorithm and evaluated based on a well-prepared up-to-date benchmark dataset that encompasses all three types of glycosylation sites, which was curated from multiple public resources. 25568279 8 61 theme prediction 1649:1658 arg1 NetOGlyc 1677:1684 NetOGlyc 1677:1684 NetOGlyc 1677:1684 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests show that this approach significantly improved the prediction performance compared with four existing prediction tools: NetNGlyc, NetOGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP. 25568279 8 61 theme prediction 1649:1658 arg1 NetNGlyc 1667:1674 NetNGlyc 1667:1674 NetNGlyc 1667:1674 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests show that this approach significantly improved the prediction performance compared with four existing prediction tools: NetNGlyc, NetOGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP. 25568279 8 61 theme prediction 1649:1658 arg1 GPP 1703:1705 GPP 1703:1705 GPP 1703:1705 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests show that this approach significantly improved the prediction performance compared with four existing prediction tools: NetNGlyc, NetOGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP. 25568279 8 61 theme prediction 1649:1658 arg1 tools 1660:1664 four existing prediction tools 1635:1664 four existing prediction tools: NetNGlyc, NetOGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP 1635:1705 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests show that this approach significantly improved the prediction performance compared with four existing prediction tools: NetNGlyc, NetOGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP. 25568279 8 61 theme prediction 1649:1658 arg1 EnsembleGly 1687:1697 EnsembleGly 1687:1697 EnsembleGly 1687:1697 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests show that this approach significantly improved the prediction performance compared with four existing prediction tools: NetNGlyc, NetOGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP. 25568279 1 62 theme eukaryotic 216:225 arg1 cells 227:231 eukaryotic cells 216:231 eukaryotic cells 216:231 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 9 63 theme entire 1902:1907 arg1 proteome 1915:1922 the entire human proteome 1898:1922 the entire human proteome 1898:1922 We demonstrated that this tool could identify candidate glycosylation sites in case study proteins and applied it to identify many high-confidence glycosylation target proteins by screening the entire human proteome. 25568279 0 64 dep GlycoMine 0:8 arg1 approach 36:43 a machine learning-based approach 11:43 GlycoMine: a machine learning-based approach for predicting N-, C- and O-linked glycosylation in the human proteome. 0:115 GlycoMine: a machine learning-based approach for predicting N-, C- and O-linked glycosylation in the human proteome. 25568279 4 65 theme bioinformatics 590:603 arg1 approaches 605:614 bioinformatics approaches 590:614 bioinformatics approaches that can predict the glycan occupancy at specific sequons in protein sequences 590:693 Thus, bioinformatics approaches that can predict the glycan occupancy at specific sequons in protein sequences would be useful for understanding and utilizing this important PTM. 25568279 7 66 theme sites 1491:1495 arg1 prediction 1463:1472 the type-specific prediction 1445:1472 the type-specific prediction of glycosylation sites 1445:1495 Heterogeneous sequences and functional features were derived from various sources, and subjected to further two-step feature selection to characterize a condensed subset of optimal features that contributed most to the type-specific prediction of glycosylation sites. 25568279 11 67 theme zhangyang 2209:2217 arg1 INFORMATION 2247:2257 zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 2209:2257 zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 2209:2257 CONTACT: Jiangning.Song@monash.edu or James.Whisstock@monash.edu or zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. 25568279 7 68 theme Heterogeneous 1230:1242 arg1 sequences 1244:1252 Heterogeneous sequences 1230:1252 Heterogeneous sequences 1230:1252 Heterogeneous sequences and functional features were derived from various sources, and subjected to further two-step feature selection to characterize a condensed subset of optimal features that contributed most to the type-specific prediction of glycosylation sites. 25568279 11 69 from online 2311:2316 arg1 available 2283:2291 available 2283:2291 available 2283:2291 CONTACT: Jiangning.Song@monash.edu or James.Whisstock@monash.edu or zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. 25568279 4 70 from sequons 666:672 arg1 occupancy 644:652 the glycan occupancy 633:652 the glycan occupancy at specific sequons in protein sequences 633:693 Thus, bioinformatics approaches that can predict the glycan occupancy at specific sequons in protein sequences would be useful for understanding and utilizing this important PTM. 25568279 5 71 link O-linked 945:952 arg1 sites 968:972 C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites 921:972 C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome 921:994 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 6 72 theme glycosylation 1159:1171 arg1 sites 1173:1177 glycosylation sites 1159:1177 glycosylation sites 1159:1177 GlycoMine was developed using the random forest algorithm and evaluated based on a well-prepared up-to-date benchmark dataset that encompasses all three types of glycosylation sites, which was curated from multiple public resources. 25568279 5 73 attach present 790:796 arg2 we 787:788 we 787:788 we 787:788 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 5 73 attach present 790:796 arg1 study 780:784 this study 775:784 this study 775:784 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 1 74 theme ubiquitous 148:157 arg1 Glycosylation 129:141 Glycosylation 129:141 Glycosylation 129:141 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 1 74 theme ubiquitous 148:157 arg1 MOTIVATION 117:126 MOTIVATION 117:126 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 117:374 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 1 74 theme ubiquitous 148:157 arg1 type 159:162 a ubiquitous type 146:162 a ubiquitous type 146:162 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 9 75 theme human 1909:1913 arg1 proteome 1915:1922 the entire human proteome 1898:1922 the entire human proteome 1898:1922 We demonstrated that this tool could identify candidate glycosylation sites in case study proteins and applied it to identify many high-confidence glycosylation target proteins by screening the entire human proteome. 25568279 7 76 theme type-specific 1449:1461 arg1 prediction 1463:1472 the type-specific prediction 1445:1472 the type-specific prediction of glycosylation sites 1445:1495 Heterogeneous sequences and functional features were derived from various sources, and subjected to further two-step feature selection to characterize a condensed subset of optimal features that contributed most to the type-specific prediction of glycosylation sites. 25568279 4 77 theme glycan 637:642 arg1 occupancy 644:652 the glycan occupancy 633:652 the glycan occupancy at specific sequons in protein sequences 633:693 Thus, bioinformatics approaches that can predict the glycan occupancy at specific sequons in protein sequences would be useful for understanding and utilizing this important PTM. 25568279 10 78 theme user 1986:1989 arg1 instructions 1991:2002 user instructions 1986:2002 user instructions 1986:2002 AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The webserver, Java Applet, user instructions, datasets, and predicted glycosylation sites in the human proteome are freely available at http://www.structbioinfor.org/Lab/GlycoMine/. 25568279 5 79 from sites 968:972 arg1 proteome 987:994 the human proteome 977:994 the human proteome 977:994 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 11 80 theme nwsuaf.edu.cn 2219:2231 arg1 INFORMATION 2247:2257 zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 2209:2257 zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 2209:2257 CONTACT: Jiangning.Song@monash.edu or James.Whisstock@monash.edu or zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. 25568279 10 81 theme predicted 2019:2027 arg1 sites 2043:2047 predicted glycosylation sites 2019:2047 predicted glycosylation sites in the human proteome 2019:2069 AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The webserver, Java Applet, user instructions, datasets, and predicted glycosylation sites in the human proteome are freely available at http://www.structbioinfor.org/Lab/GlycoMine/. 25568279 1 82 theme post-translational 175:192 arg1 modification 194:205 protein post-translational modification 167:205 protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells 167:231 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 1 82 theme post-translational 175:192 arg1 PTM 208:210 PTM 208:210 PTM 208:210 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 10 83 from Applet 1978:1983 arg1 proteome 2062:2069 the human proteome 2052:2069 the human proteome 2052:2069 AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The webserver, Java Applet, user instructions, datasets, and predicted glycosylation sites in the human proteome are freely available at http://www.structbioinfor.org/Lab/GlycoMine/. 25568279 11 84 theme Jiangning.Song 2150:2163 arg1 monash.edu 2165:2174 Jiangning.Song@monash.edu or James.Whisstock@monash.edu 2150:2204 monash.edu 2165:2174 CONTACT: Jiangning.Song@monash.edu or James.Whisstock@monash.edu or zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. 25568279 7 85 theme optimal 1403:1409 arg1 features 1411:1418 optimal features 1403:1418 optimal features that contributed most to the type-specific prediction of glycosylation sites 1403:1495 Heterogeneous sequences and functional features were derived from various sources, and subjected to further two-step feature selection to characterize a condensed subset of optimal features that contributed most to the type-specific prediction of glycosylation sites. 25568279 6 86 gly glycosylation 1159:1171 arg2 sites 1173:1177 glycosylation sites 1159:1177 glycosylation sites 1159:1177 GlycoMine was developed using the random forest algorithm and evaluated based on a well-prepared up-to-date benchmark dataset that encompasses all three types of glycosylation sites, which was curated from multiple public resources. 25568279 5 87 from proteome 987:994 arg1 identification 903:916 the systematic in silico identification 878:916 the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome 878:994 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 9 88 theme glycosylation 1764:1776 arg1 sites 1778:1782 candidate glycosylation sites 1754:1782 candidate glycosylation sites in case study proteins 1754:1805 We demonstrated that this tool could identify candidate glycosylation sites in case study proteins and applied it to identify many high-confidence glycosylation target proteins by screening the entire human proteome. 25568279 6 89 theme public 1212:1217 arg1 resources 1219:1227 multiple public resources 1203:1227 multiple public resources 1203:1227 GlycoMine was developed using the random forest algorithm and evaluated based on a well-prepared up-to-date benchmark dataset that encompasses all three types of glycosylation sites, which was curated from multiple public resources. 25568279 3 90 theme expensive/laborious 541:559 arg1 research 574:581 expensive/laborious experimental research 541:581 expensive/laborious experimental research 541:581 However, it is still a significant challenge to identify glycosylation sites, which requires expensive/laborious experimental research. 25568279 3 91 dep challenge 483:491 arg1 requires 532:539 requires 532:539 requires expensive/laborious experimental research 532:581 However, it is still a significant challenge to identify glycosylation sites, which requires expensive/laborious experimental research. 25568279 11 92 theme James.Whisstock 2179:2193 arg1 monash.edu 2195:2204 Jiangning.Song@monash.edu or James.Whisstock@monash.edu 2150:2204 monash.edu 2195:2204 CONTACT: Jiangning.Song@monash.edu or James.Whisstock@monash.edu or zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. 25568279 1 93 from modification 194:205 arg1 cells 227:231 eukaryotic cells 216:231 eukaryotic cells 216:231 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 5 94 theme in 893:894 arg1 identification 903:916 the systematic in silico identification 878:916 the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome 878:994 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 9 95 theme study 1792:1796 arg1 proteins 1798:1805 case study proteins 1787:1805 case study proteins 1787:1805 We demonstrated that this tool could identify candidate glycosylation sites in case study proteins and applied it to identify many high-confidence glycosylation target proteins by screening the entire human proteome. 25568279 0 96 from glycosylation 80:92 arg1 proteome 107:114 the human proteome 97:114 the human proteome 97:114 GlycoMine: a machine learning-based approach for predicting N-, C- and O-linked glycosylation in the human proteome. 25568279 6 97 theme up-to-date 1094:1103 arg1 dataset 1115:1121 a well-prepared up-to-date benchmark dataset 1078:1121 a well-prepared up-to-date benchmark dataset that encompasses all three types of glycosylation sites, which was curated from multiple public resources 1078:1227 GlycoMine was developed using the random forest algorithm and evaluated based on a well-prepared up-to-date benchmark dataset that encompasses all three types of glycosylation sites, which was curated from multiple public resources. 25568279 5 98 theme novel 800:804 arg1 tool 821:824 a novel bioinformatics tool 798:824 a novel bioinformatics tool 798:824 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 5 98 theme novel 800:804 arg1 tool 869:872 a comprehensive tool 853:872 a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome 853:994 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 9 99 from sites 1778:1782 arg1 proteins 1798:1805 case study proteins 1787:1805 case study proteins 1787:1805 We demonstrated that this tool could identify candidate glycosylation sites in case study proteins and applied it to identify many high-confidence glycosylation target proteins by screening the entire human proteome. 25568279 8 100 theme independent 1529:1539 arg1 tests 1541:1545 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests 1498:1545 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests 1498:1545 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests show that this approach significantly improved the prediction performance compared with four existing prediction tools: NetNGlyc, NetOGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP. 25568279 7 101 theme feature 1347:1353 arg1 selection 1355:1363 further two-step feature selection 1330:1363 further two-step feature selection 1330:1363 Heterogeneous sequences and functional features were derived from various sources, and subjected to further two-step feature selection to characterize a condensed subset of optimal features that contributed most to the type-specific prediction of glycosylation sites. 25568279 1 102 from type 159:162 arg1 cells 227:231 eukaryotic cells 216:231 eukaryotic cells 216:231 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 9 103 theme glycosylation 1855:1867 arg1 proteins 1876:1883 many high-confidence glycosylation target proteins 1834:1883 many high-confidence glycosylation target proteins 1834:1883 We demonstrated that this tool could identify candidate glycosylation sites in case study proteins and applied it to identify many high-confidence glycosylation target proteins by screening the entire human proteome. 25568279 4 104 theme protein 677:683 arg1 sequences 685:693 protein sequences 677:693 protein sequences 677:693 Thus, bioinformatics approaches that can predict the glycan occupancy at specific sequons in protein sequences would be useful for understanding and utilizing this important PTM. 25568279 5 105 theme N-linked 931:938 arg1 sites 968:972 C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites 921:972 C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome 921:994 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 4 106 theme important 748:756 arg1 PTM 758:760 this important PTM 743:760 this important PTM 743:760 Thus, bioinformatics approaches that can predict the glycan occupancy at specific sequons in protein sequences would be useful for understanding and utilizing this important PTM. 25568279 1 107 theme ligand 328:333 arg1 recognition 335:345 ligand recognition 328:345 ligand recognition 328:345 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 1 108 theme modification 194:205 arg1 Glycosylation 129:141 Glycosylation 129:141 Glycosylation 129:141 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 1 108 theme modification 194:205 arg1 MOTIVATION 117:126 MOTIVATION 117:126 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 117:374 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 1 108 theme modification 194:205 arg1 type 159:162 a ubiquitous type 146:162 a ubiquitous type 146:162 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 9 109 theme high-confidence 1839:1853 arg1 proteins 1876:1883 many high-confidence glycosylation target proteins 1834:1883 many high-confidence glycosylation target proteins 1834:1883 We demonstrated that this tool could identify candidate glycosylation sites in case study proteins and applied it to identify many high-confidence glycosylation target proteins by screening the entire human proteome. 25568279 6 110 theme forest 1038:1043 arg1 algorithm 1045:1053 the random forest algorithm 1027:1053 the random forest algorithm 1027:1053 GlycoMine was developed using the random forest algorithm and evaluated based on a well-prepared up-to-date benchmark dataset that encompasses all three types of glycosylation sites, which was curated from multiple public resources. 25568279 9 111 theme target 1869:1874 arg1 proteins 1876:1883 many high-confidence glycosylation target proteins 1834:1883 many high-confidence glycosylation target proteins 1834:1883 We demonstrated that this tool could identify candidate glycosylation sites in case study proteins and applied it to identify many high-confidence glycosylation target proteins by screening the entire human proteome. 25568279 0 112 theme machine 13:19 arg1 approach 36:43 a machine learning-based approach 11:43 GlycoMine: a machine learning-based approach for predicting N-, C- and O-linked glycosylation in the human proteome. 0:115 GlycoMine: a machine learning-based approach for predicting N-, C- and O-linked glycosylation in the human proteome. 25568279 5 113 theme C-linked 921:928 arg1 sites 968:972 C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites 921:972 C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome 921:994 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 11 114 theme Supplementary 2260:2272 arg1 data 2274:2277 Supplementary data 2260:2277 Supplementary data 2260:2277 CONTACT: Jiangning.Song@monash.edu or James.Whisstock@monash.edu or zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. 25568279 1 115 theme biological 269:278 arg1 recognition 335:345 ligand recognition 328:345 ligand recognition 328:345 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 1 115 theme biological 269:278 arg1 communication 313:325 cellular communication 304:325 cellular communication 304:325 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 1 115 theme biological 269:278 arg1 BPs 291:293 BPs 291:293 BPs 291:293 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 1 115 theme biological 269:278 arg1 recognition 363:373 subcellular recognition 351:373 subcellular recognition 351:373 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 1 115 theme biological 269:278 arg1 processes 280:288 various biological processes 261:288 various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition 261:373 MOTIVATION: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, which plays vital roles in various biological processes (BPs) such as cellular communication, ligand recognition and subcellular recognition. 25568279 5 116 theme human 981:985 arg1 proteome 987:994 the human proteome 977:994 the human proteome 977:994 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 5 117 gly glycosylation 954:966 arg2 sites 968:972 C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites 921:972 C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome 921:994 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 10 118 from http 2095:2098 arg1 available 2082:2090 available 2082:2090 available 2082:2090 AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The webserver, Java Applet, user instructions, datasets, and predicted glycosylation sites in the human proteome are freely available at http://www.structbioinfor.org/Lab/GlycoMine/. 25568279 10 118 from http 2095:2098 arg1 webserver 1962:1970 The webserver 1958:1970 The webserver 1958:1970 AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The webserver, Java Applet, user instructions, datasets, and predicted glycosylation sites in the human proteome are freely available at http://www.structbioinfor.org/Lab/GlycoMine/. 25568279 2 119 theme human 416:420 arg1 proteome 422:429 the entire human proteome 405:429 the entire human proteome 405:429 It is estimated that >50% of the entire human proteome is glycosylated. 25568279 8 120 theme existing 1640:1647 arg1 NetOGlyc 1677:1684 NetOGlyc 1677:1684 NetOGlyc 1677:1684 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests show that this approach significantly improved the prediction performance compared with four existing prediction tools: NetNGlyc, NetOGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP. 25568279 8 120 theme existing 1640:1647 arg1 NetNGlyc 1667:1674 NetNGlyc 1667:1674 NetNGlyc 1667:1674 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests show that this approach significantly improved the prediction performance compared with four existing prediction tools: NetNGlyc, NetOGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP. 25568279 8 120 theme existing 1640:1647 arg1 GPP 1703:1705 GPP 1703:1705 GPP 1703:1705 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests show that this approach significantly improved the prediction performance compared with four existing prediction tools: NetNGlyc, NetOGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP. 25568279 8 120 theme existing 1640:1647 arg1 tools 1660:1664 four existing prediction tools 1635:1664 four existing prediction tools: NetNGlyc, NetOGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP 1635:1705 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests show that this approach significantly improved the prediction performance compared with four existing prediction tools: NetNGlyc, NetOGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP. 25568279 8 120 theme existing 1640:1647 arg1 EnsembleGly 1687:1697 EnsembleGly 1687:1697 EnsembleGly 1687:1697 Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests show that this approach significantly improved the prediction performance compared with four existing prediction tools: NetNGlyc, NetOGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP. 25568279 5 121 theme glycosylation 954:966 arg1 sites 968:972 C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites 921:972 C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome 921:994 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 7 122 theme functional 1258:1267 arg1 features 1269:1276 functional features 1258:1276 functional features 1258:1276 Heterogeneous sequences and functional features were derived from various sources, and subjected to further two-step feature selection to characterize a condensed subset of optimal features that contributed most to the type-specific prediction of glycosylation sites. 25568279 5 123 from identification 903:916 arg1 proteome 987:994 the human proteome 977:994 the human proteome 977:994 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 5 124 link C-linked 921:928 arg1 sites 968:972 C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites 921:972 C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome 921:994 RESULTS: In this study, we present a novel bioinformatics tool called GlycoMine, which is a comprehensive tool for the systematic in silico identification of C-linked, N-linked, and O-linked glycosylation sites in the human proteome. 25568279 11 125 dep CONTACT 2141:2147 arg1 monash.edu 2165:2174 Jiangning.Song@monash.edu or James.Whisstock@monash.edu 2150:2204 monash.edu 2165:2174 CONTACT: Jiangning.Song@monash.edu or James.Whisstock@monash.edu or zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. 25568279 11 125 dep CONTACT 2141:2147 arg1 monash.edu 2195:2204 Jiangning.Song@monash.edu or James.Whisstock@monash.edu 2150:2204 monash.edu 2195:2204 CONTACT: Jiangning.Song@monash.edu or James.Whisstock@monash.edu or zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. 25568279 11 125 dep CONTACT 2141:2147 arg1 available 2283:2291 available 2283:2291 available 2283:2291 CONTACT: Jiangning.Song@monash.edu or James.Whisstock@monash.edu or zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. 25568279 11 125 dep CONTACT 2141:2147 arg1 INFORMATION 2247:2257 zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 2209:2257 zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 2209:2257 CONTACT: Jiangning.Song@monash.edu or James.Whisstock@monash.edu or zhangyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. 25568279 3 126 theme significant 471:481 arg1 challenge 483:491 a significant challenge 469:491 a significant challenge to identify glycosylation sites 469:523 However, it is still a significant challenge to identify glycosylation sites, which requires expensive/laborious experimental research. 25568279 3 126 theme significant 471:481 arg1 it 457:458 it 457:458 it 457:458 However, it is still a significant challenge to identify glycosylation sites, which requires expensive/laborious experimental research. 25568279 10 127 from webserver 1962:1970 arg1 proteome 2062:2069 the human proteome 2052:2069 the human proteome 2052:2069 AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The webserver, Java Applet, user instructions, datasets, and predicted glycosylation sites in the human proteome are freely available at http://www.structbioinfor.org/Lab/GlycoMine/. 27869218 7 0 theme quality 1184:1190 arg1 system 1200:1205 the CNX quality control system 1176:1205 the CNX quality control system 1176:1205 Moreover, N-linked glycans at Asn152 functioned as a recognition motif that was directly mediated by the CNX quality control system. 27869218 1 1 theme 147 165:167 arg1 Cluster 138:144 Cluster 138:144 Cluster 138:144 Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates oncogenic processes partly through N-glycosylation modifications. 27869218 1 1 theme 147 165:167 arg1 glycoprotein 259:270 a transmembrane glycoprotein 243:270 a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates oncogenic processes partly through N-glycosylation modifications 243:349 Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates oncogenic processes partly through N-glycosylation modifications. 27869218 9 2 link N-linked 1328:1335 arg1 glycosylation 1337:1349 N-linked glycosylation 1328:1349 N-linked glycosylation 1328:1349 Deletion of N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 significantly suppressed in situ tumour metastasis. 27869218 8 3 theme ER-localized 1269:1280 arg1 trafficking 1288:1298 ER-localized CD147 trafficking 1269:1298 ER-localized CD147 trafficking 1269:1298 Two phases in the retention-based ER chaperones system drove ER-localized CD147 trafficking to degradation. 27869218 0 4 from glycosylation 9:21 arg1 CD147 36:40 CD147 36:40 CD147 36:40 N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 affects protein folding and stability: promoting tumour metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. 27869218 7 5 theme control 1192:1198 arg1 system 1200:1205 the CNX quality control system 1176:1205 the CNX quality control system 1176:1205 Moreover, N-linked glycans at Asn152 functioned as a recognition motif that was directly mediated by the CNX quality control system. 27869218 8 6 theme retention-based 1226:1240 arg1 system 1256:1261 the retention-based ER chaperones system 1222:1261 the retention-based ER chaperones system 1222:1261 Two phases in the retention-based ER chaperones system drove ER-localized CD147 trafficking to degradation. 27869218 3 7 theme defective 552:560 arg1 function 562:569 its defective function 548:569 its defective function in hepatocellular carcinomacells 548:602 However, the role that site-specific glycosylation of CD147 plays in its defective function in hepatocellular carcinomacells needs to be determined. 27869218 1 8 theme transmembrane 245:257 arg1 Cluster 138:144 Cluster 138:144 Cluster 138:144 Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates oncogenic processes partly through N-glycosylation modifications. 27869218 1 8 theme transmembrane 245:257 arg1 glycoprotein 259:270 a transmembrane glycoprotein 243:270 a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates oncogenic processes partly through N-glycosylation modifications 243:349 Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates oncogenic processes partly through N-glycosylation modifications. 27869218 0 9 theme tumour 91:96 arg1 metastasis 98:107 promoting tumour metastasis 81:107 promoting tumour metastasis 81:107 N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 affects protein folding and stability: promoting tumour metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. 27869218 9 10 theme in 1395:1396 arg1 metastasis 1410:1419 in situ tumour metastasis 1395:1419 in situ tumour metastasis 1395:1419 Deletion of N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 significantly suppressed in situ tumour metastasis. 27869218 10 11 theme molecular 1469:1477 arg1 regulation 1479:1488 the molecular regulation 1465:1488 the molecular regulation of CD147 through glycosylation 1465:1519 These data could potentially shed light on the molecular regulation of CD147 through glycosylation and provide a valuable means of developing drugs that target N-glycans at Asn152 on CD147. 27869218 0 12 theme promoting 81:89 arg1 metastasis 98:107 promoting tumour metastasis 81:107 promoting tumour metastasis 81:107 N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 affects protein folding and stability: promoting tumour metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. 27869218 7 13 theme CNX 1180:1182 arg1 system 1200:1205 the CNX quality control system 1176:1205 the CNX quality control system 1176:1205 Moreover, N-linked glycans at Asn152 functioned as a recognition motif that was directly mediated by the CNX quality control system. 27869218 3 14 from function 562:569 arg1 carcinomacells 589:602 hepatocellular carcinomacells 574:602 hepatocellular carcinomacells 574:602 However, the role that site-specific glycosylation of CD147 plays in its defective function in hepatocellular carcinomacells needs to be determined. 27869218 9 15 dep in 1395:1396 arg1 situ 1398:1401 situ 1398:1401 situ 1398:1401 Deletion of N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 significantly suppressed in situ tumour metastasis. 27869218 5 16 theme reticulum-associated 920:939 arg1 ERAD 954:957 ERAD 954:957 ERAD 954:957 After the removal of N-glycans at Asn152, CD147 was more susceptible to degradation by ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). 27869218 5 16 theme reticulum-associated 920:939 arg1 degradation 941:951 ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation 869:951 ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) 869:958 After the removal of N-glycans at Asn152, CD147 was more susceptible to degradation by ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). 27869218 8 17 theme ER 1242:1243 arg1 system 1256:1261 the retention-based ER chaperones system 1222:1261 the retention-based ER chaperones system 1222:1261 Two phases in the retention-based ER chaperones system drove ER-localized CD147 trafficking to degradation. 27869218 6 18 theme N-linked 974:981 arg1 glycans 983:989 N-linked glycans 974:989 N-linked glycans at Asn152 974:999 Furthermore, N-linked glycans at Asn152 were required for CD147 to acquire and maintain proper folding in the ER. 27869218 5 19 theme endoplasmic 908:918 arg1 ERAD 954:957 ERAD 954:957 ERAD 954:957 After the removal of N-glycans at Asn152, CD147 was more susceptible to degradation by ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). 27869218 5 19 theme endoplasmic 908:918 arg1 degradation 941:951 ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation 869:951 ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) 869:958 After the removal of N-glycans at Asn152, CD147 was more susceptible to degradation by ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). 27869218 0 20 link N-linked 0:7 arg1 glycosylation 9:21 N-linked glycosylation 0:21 N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 0:40 N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 affects protein folding and stability: promoting tumour metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. 27869218 3 21 theme hepatocellular 574:587 arg1 carcinomacells 589:602 hepatocellular carcinomacells 574:602 hepatocellular carcinomacells 574:602 However, the role that site-specific glycosylation of CD147 plays in its defective function in hepatocellular carcinomacells needs to be determined. 27869218 2 22 theme CD147 431:435 arg1 function 437:444 CD147 function 431:444 CD147 function 431:444 N-glycosylation has been demonstrated to be instrumental for the regulation of CD147 function during malignant transformation. 27869218 5 23 theme N-glycans 803:811 arg1 removal 792:798 the removal 788:798 the removal of N-glycans at Asn152 788:821 After the removal of N-glycans at Asn152, CD147 was more susceptible to degradation by ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). 27869218 6 24 theme proper 1049:1054 arg1 folding 1056:1062 proper folding 1049:1062 proper folding in the ER 1049:1072 Furthermore, N-linked glycans at Asn152 were required for CD147 to acquire and maintain proper folding in the ER. 27869218 8 25 theme chaperones 1245:1254 arg1 system 1256:1261 the retention-based ER chaperones system 1222:1261 the retention-based ER chaperones system 1222:1261 Two phases in the retention-based ER chaperones system drove ER-localized CD147 trafficking to degradation. 27869218 9 26 from Asn152 1354:1359 arg1 CD147 1364:1368 CD147 1364:1368 CD147 1364:1368 Deletion of N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 significantly suppressed in situ tumour metastasis. 27869218 9 26 from Asn152 1354:1359 arg1 Deletion 1316:1323 Deletion 1316:1323 Deletion of N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 1316:1368 Deletion of N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 significantly suppressed in situ tumour metastasis. 27869218 9 27 theme tumour 1403:1408 arg1 metastasis 1410:1419 in situ tumour metastasis 1395:1419 in situ tumour metastasis 1395:1419 Deletion of N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 significantly suppressed in situ tumour metastasis. 27869218 4 28 theme carcinoma 742:750 arg1 invasion 758:765 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invasion 727:765 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invasion 727:765 Here, we demonstrate that the modification of N-glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 strongly promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invasion and migration. 27869218 0 29 theme N-linked 0:7 arg1 glycosylation 9:21 N-linked glycosylation 0:21 N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 0:40 N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 affects protein folding and stability: promoting tumour metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. 27869218 5 30 from Asn152 816:821 arg1 removal 792:798 the removal 788:798 the removal of N-glycans at Asn152 788:821 After the removal of N-glycans at Asn152, CD147 was more susceptible to degradation by ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). 27869218 9 31 theme glycosylation 1337:1349 arg1 Deletion 1316:1323 Deletion 1316:1323 Deletion of N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 1316:1368 Deletion of N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 significantly suppressed in situ tumour metastasis. 27869218 4 32 theme hepatocellular 727:740 arg1 HCC 753:755 HCC 753:755 HCC 753:755 Here, we demonstrate that the modification of N-glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 strongly promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invasion and migration. 27869218 4 32 theme hepatocellular 727:740 arg1 carcinoma 742:750 hepatocellular carcinoma 727:750 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invasion 727:765 Here, we demonstrate that the modification of N-glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 strongly promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invasion and migration. 27869218 5 33 theme ER-localized 869:880 arg1 ERAD 954:957 ERAD 954:957 ERAD 954:957 After the removal of N-glycans at Asn152, CD147 was more susceptible to degradation by ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). 27869218 5 33 theme ER-localized 869:880 arg1 degradation 941:951 ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation 869:951 ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) 869:958 After the removal of N-glycans at Asn152, CD147 was more susceptible to degradation by ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). 27869218 1 34 theme oncogenic 286:294 arg1 processes 296:304 oncogenic processes 286:304 oncogenic processes 286:304 Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates oncogenic processes partly through N-glycosylation modifications. 27869218 1 35 gly glycoprotein 259:270 arg1 Cluster 138:144 Cluster 138:144 Cluster 138:144 Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates oncogenic processes partly through N-glycosylation modifications. 27869218 1 35 gly glycoprotein 259:270 arg1 glycoprotein 259:270 a transmembrane glycoprotein 243:270 a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates oncogenic processes partly through N-glycosylation modifications 243:349 Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates oncogenic processes partly through N-glycosylation modifications. 27869218 10 36 theme CD147 1493:1497 arg1 regulation 1479:1488 the molecular regulation 1465:1488 the molecular regulation of CD147 through glycosylation 1465:1519 These data could potentially shed light on the molecular regulation of CD147 through glycosylation and provide a valuable means of developing drugs that target N-glycans at Asn152 on CD147. 27869218 3 37 theme site-specific 502:514 arg1 glycosylation 516:528 site-specific glycosylation 502:528 site-specific glycosylation of CD147 502:537 However, the role that site-specific glycosylation of CD147 plays in its defective function in hepatocellular carcinomacells needs to be determined. 27869218 5 38 theme ubiquitin 882:890 arg1 ERAD 954:957 ERAD 954:957 ERAD 954:957 After the removal of N-glycans at Asn152, CD147 was more susceptible to degradation by ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). 27869218 5 38 theme ubiquitin 882:890 arg1 degradation 941:951 ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation 869:951 ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) 869:958 After the removal of N-glycans at Asn152, CD147 was more susceptible to degradation by ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). 27869218 0 39 theme hepatocellular 112:125 arg1 carcinoma 127:135 hepatocellular carcinoma 112:135 hepatocellular carcinoma 112:135 N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 affects protein folding and stability: promoting tumour metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. 27869218 8 40 from phases 1212:1217 arg1 system 1256:1261 the retention-based ER chaperones system 1222:1261 the retention-based ER chaperones system 1222:1261 Two phases in the retention-based ER chaperones system drove ER-localized CD147 trafficking to degradation. 27869218 4 41 from Asn152 693:698 arg1 modification 658:669 the modification 654:669 the modification of N-glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 654:707 Here, we demonstrate that the modification of N-glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 strongly promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invasion and migration. 27869218 4 41 from Asn152 693:698 arg1 CD147 703:707 CD147 703:707 CD147 703:707 Here, we demonstrate that the modification of N-glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 strongly promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invasion and migration. 27869218 2 42 theme malignant 453:461 arg1 transformation 463:476 malignant transformation 453:476 malignant transformation 453:476 N-glycosylation has been demonstrated to be instrumental for the regulation of CD147 function during malignant transformation. 27869218 6 43 from folding 1056:1062 arg1 ER 1071:1072 the ER 1067:1072 the ER 1067:1072 Furthermore, N-linked glycans at Asn152 were required for CD147 to acquire and maintain proper folding in the ER. 27869218 0 44 from stability 70:78 arg1 carcinoma 127:135 hepatocellular carcinoma 112:135 hepatocellular carcinoma 112:135 N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 affects protein folding and stability: promoting tumour metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. 27869218 3 45 gly glycosylation 516:528 arg1 CD147 533:537 CD147 533:537 CD147 533:537 However, the role that site-specific glycosylation of CD147 plays in its defective function in hepatocellular carcinomacells needs to be determined. 27869218 1 46 theme extracellular 192:204 arg1 metalloproteinase 213:229 extracellular matrix metalloproteinase 192:229 extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer 192:237 Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates oncogenic processes partly through N-glycosylation modifications. 27869218 8 47 theme CD147 1282:1286 arg1 trafficking 1288:1298 ER-localized CD147 trafficking 1269:1298 ER-localized CD147 trafficking 1269:1298 Two phases in the retention-based ER chaperones system drove ER-localized CD147 trafficking to degradation. 27869218 7 48 theme recognition 1128:1138 arg1 motif 1140:1144 a recognition motif 1126:1144 a recognition motif that was directly mediated by the CNX quality control system 1126:1205 Moreover, N-linked glycans at Asn152 functioned as a recognition motif that was directly mediated by the CNX quality control system. 27869218 7 48 theme recognition 1128:1138 arg1 glycans 1094:1100 N-linked glycans 1085:1100 N-linked glycans at Asn152 1085:1110 Moreover, N-linked glycans at Asn152 functioned as a recognition motif that was directly mediated by the CNX quality control system. 27869218 0 49 gly glycosylation 9:21 arg1 tumour 91:96 promoting tumour metastasis 81:107 promoting tumour metastasis 81:107 N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 affects protein folding and stability: promoting tumour metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. 27869218 0 49 gly glycosylation 9:21 arg1 Asn152 26:31 Asn152 26:31 Asn152 26:31 N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 affects protein folding and stability: promoting tumour metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. 27869218 0 49 gly glycosylation 9:21 arg1 CD147 36:40 CD147 36:40 CD147 36:40 N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 affects protein folding and stability: promoting tumour metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. 27869218 0 49 gly glycosylation 9:21 arg2 Asn152 26:31 Asn152 26:31 Asn152 26:31 N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 affects protein folding and stability: promoting tumour metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. 27869218 0 49 gly glycosylation 9:21 arg1 protein 50:56 protein folding 50:64 protein folding 50:64 N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 affects protein folding and stability: promoting tumour metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. 27869218 7 50 theme N-linked 1085:1092 arg1 motif 1140:1144 a recognition motif 1126:1144 a recognition motif that was directly mediated by the CNX quality control system 1126:1205 Moreover, N-linked glycans at Asn152 functioned as a recognition motif that was directly mediated by the CNX quality control system. 27869218 7 50 theme N-linked 1085:1092 arg1 glycans 1094:1100 N-linked glycans 1085:1100 N-linked glycans at Asn152 1085:1110 Moreover, N-linked glycans at Asn152 functioned as a recognition motif that was directly mediated by the CNX quality control system. 27869218 1 51 theme matrix 206:211 arg1 metalloproteinase 213:229 extracellular matrix metalloproteinase 192:229 extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer 192:237 Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates oncogenic processes partly through N-glycosylation modifications. 27869218 0 52 theme protein 50:56 arg1 folding 58:64 protein folding 50:64 protein folding 50:64 N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 affects protein folding and stability: promoting tumour metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. 27869218 1 53 theme N-glycosylation 321:335 arg1 modifications 337:349 N-glycosylation modifications 321:349 N-glycosylation modifications 321:349 Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates oncogenic processes partly through N-glycosylation modifications. 27869218 0 54 from folding 58:64 arg1 carcinoma 127:135 hepatocellular carcinoma 112:135 hepatocellular carcinoma 112:135 N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 affects protein folding and stability: promoting tumour metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. 27869218 7 55 link N-linked 1085:1092 arg1 motif 1140:1144 a recognition motif 1126:1144 a recognition motif that was directly mediated by the CNX quality control system 1126:1205 Moreover, N-linked glycans at Asn152 functioned as a recognition motif that was directly mediated by the CNX quality control system. 27869218 7 55 link N-linked 1085:1092 arg1 glycans 1094:1100 N-linked glycans 1085:1100 N-linked glycans at Asn152 1085:1110 Moreover, N-linked glycans at Asn152 functioned as a recognition motif that was directly mediated by the CNX quality control system. 27869218 6 56 link N-linked 974:981 arg1 glycans 983:989 N-linked glycans 974:989 N-linked glycans at Asn152 974:999 Furthermore, N-linked glycans at Asn152 were required for CD147 to acquire and maintain proper folding in the ER. 27869218 9 57 theme N-linked 1328:1335 arg1 glycosylation 1337:1349 N-linked glycosylation 1328:1349 N-linked glycosylation 1328:1349 Deletion of N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 significantly suppressed in situ tumour metastasis. 27869218 10 58 theme valuable 1535:1542 arg1 means 1544:1548 a valuable means 1533:1548 a valuable means of developing drugs that target N-glycans at Asn152 on CD147 1533:1609 These data could potentially shed light on the molecular regulation of CD147 through glycosylation and provide a valuable means of developing drugs that target N-glycans at Asn152 on CD147. 27869218 0 59 from metastasis 98:107 arg1 carcinoma 127:135 hepatocellular carcinoma 112:135 hepatocellular carcinoma 112:135 N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 affects protein folding and stability: promoting tumour metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. 27869218 1 60 theme metalloproteinase 213:229 arg1 inducer 231:237 extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer 192:237 extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer 192:237 Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates oncogenic processes partly through N-glycosylation modifications. 27869218 5 61 attach removal 792:798 arg2 N-glycans 803:811 N-glycans 803:811 N-glycans 803:811 After the removal of N-glycans at Asn152, CD147 was more susceptible to degradation by ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). 27869218 5 61 attach removal 792:798 arg3 Asn152 816:821 Asn152 816:821 Asn152 816:821 After the removal of N-glycans at Asn152, CD147 was more susceptible to degradation by ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). 27869218 3 62 theme CD147 533:537 arg1 glycosylation 516:528 site-specific glycosylation 502:528 site-specific glycosylation of CD147 502:537 However, the role that site-specific glycosylation of CD147 plays in its defective function in hepatocellular carcinomacells needs to be determined. 27869218 7 63 from Asn152 1105:1110 arg1 motif 1140:1144 a recognition motif 1126:1144 a recognition motif that was directly mediated by the CNX quality control system 1126:1205 Moreover, N-linked glycans at Asn152 functioned as a recognition motif that was directly mediated by the CNX quality control system. 27869218 7 63 from Asn152 1105:1110 arg1 glycans 1094:1100 N-linked glycans 1085:1100 N-linked glycans at Asn152 1085:1110 Moreover, N-linked glycans at Asn152 functioned as a recognition motif that was directly mediated by the CNX quality control system. 27869218 6 64 from Asn152 994:999 arg1 glycans 983:989 N-linked glycans 974:989 N-linked glycans at Asn152 974:999 Furthermore, N-linked glycans at Asn152 were required for CD147 to acquire and maintain proper folding in the ER. 27869218 2 65 theme function 437:444 arg1 regulation 417:426 the regulation 413:426 the regulation of CD147 function during malignant transformation 413:476 N-glycosylation has been demonstrated to be instrumental for the regulation of CD147 function during malignant transformation. 27869218 5 66 theme ligase-mediated 892:906 arg1 ERAD 954:957 ERAD 954:957 ERAD 954:957 After the removal of N-glycans at Asn152, CD147 was more susceptible to degradation by ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). 27869218 5 66 theme ligase-mediated 892:906 arg1 degradation 941:951 ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation 869:951 ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) 869:958 After the removal of N-glycans at Asn152, CD147 was more susceptible to degradation by ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). 27869218 10 67 from N-glycans 1582:1590 arg1 CD147 1605:1609 CD147 1605:1609 CD147 1605:1609 These data could potentially shed light on the molecular regulation of CD147 through glycosylation and provide a valuable means of developing drugs that target N-glycans at Asn152 on CD147. 27869218 4 68 theme N-glycosylation 674:688 arg1 modification 658:669 the modification 654:669 the modification of N-glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 654:707 Here, we demonstrate that the modification of N-glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 strongly promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invasion and migration. 27869218 0 69 from Asn152 26:31 arg1 glycosylation 9:21 N-linked glycosylation 0:21 N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 0:40 N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 affects protein folding and stability: promoting tumour metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. 27869218 1 70 theme differentiation 149:163 arg1 CD147 170:174 CD147 170:174 CD147 170:174 Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates oncogenic processes partly through N-glycosylation modifications. 27869218 1 70 theme differentiation 149:163 arg1 147 165:167 differentiation 147 149:167 differentiation 147 (CD147) 149:175 Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates oncogenic processes partly through N-glycosylation modifications. 27869218 10 71 from Asn152 1595:1600 arg1 N-glycans 1582:1590 N-glycans 1582:1590 N-glycans at Asn152 on CD147 1582:1609 These data could potentially shed light on the molecular regulation of CD147 through glycosylation and provide a valuable means of developing drugs that target N-glycans at Asn152 on CD147. 26813162 4 0 theme improved 850:857 arg1 clearance 865:873 improved viral clearance 850:873 improved viral clearance 850:873 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 2 1 theme I 354:354 arg1 IFN 356:358 type I IFN 349:358 type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells 349:404 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) demonstrated that alphaviral N-linked glycosylation contributes to type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells. 26813162 2 1 theme I 354:354 arg1 IFN-αβ 361:366 IFN-αβ 361:366 IFN-αβ 361:366 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) demonstrated that alphaviral N-linked glycosylation contributes to type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells. 26813162 2 2 theme Previous 231:238 arg1 work 249:252 Previous in vitro work 231:252 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) 231:280 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) demonstrated that alphaviral N-linked glycosylation contributes to type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells. 26813162 3 3 from effect 499:504 arg1 pathogenesis 526:537 pathogenesis 526:537 pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease 526:577 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 3 3 from effect 499:504 arg1 infection 592:600 viral infection 586:600 viral infection 586:600 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 3 3 from effect 499:504 arg1 dissemination 606:618 dissemination 606:618 dissemination 606:618 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 4 4 theme peak 821:824 arg1 disease 826:832 peak disease 821:832 peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance 821:873 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 1 5 theme alphaviral 173:182 arg1 disease 184:190 human arthritogenic alphaviral disease 153:190 human arthritogenic alphaviral disease 153:190 With an expanding geographical range and no specific treatments, human arthritogenic alphaviral disease poses a significant problem worldwide. 26813162 2 6 theme alphaviral 300:309 arg1 glycosylation 320:332 alphaviral N-linked glycosylation 300:332 alphaviral N-linked glycosylation 300:332 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) demonstrated that alphaviral N-linked glycosylation contributes to type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells. 26813162 6 7 theme RRV 1286:1288 arg1 glycoproteins 1269:1281 the E1 and E2 glycoproteins 1255:1281 the E1 and E2 glycoproteins of RRV 1255:1288 Overall, these results indicate that glycosylation of the E1 and E2 glycoproteins of RRV provides important determinants of viral virulence and immunopathology in the mammalian host and replication in the mosquito vector. 26813162 3 8 theme mouse 544:548 arg1 model 550:554 a mouse model 542:554 a mouse model of RRV-induced disease 542:577 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 1 9 theme significant 200:210 arg1 worldwide 220:228 a significant problem worldwide 198:228 a significant problem worldwide 198:228 With an expanding geographical range and no specific treatments, human arthritogenic alphaviral disease poses a significant problem worldwide. 26813162 5 10 contain had 1141:1143 arg2 effect 1152:1157 little effect 1145:1157 little effect 1145:1157 Interestingly, RRV lacking E2-200 glycan had significantly reduced replication in the mosquito vector A. vigilax, whereas loss of either of the E1 or E2-262 glycans had little effect on the competence of the mosquito vector. 26813162 5 10 contain had 1141:1143 arg1 loss 1098:1101 loss 1098:1101 loss of either of the E1 or E2-262 glycans 1098:1139 Interestingly, RRV lacking E2-200 glycan had significantly reduced replication in the mosquito vector A. vigilax, whereas loss of either of the E1 or E2-262 glycans had little effect on the competence of the mosquito vector. 26813162 4 11 gly glycosylation 698:710 arg2 site 712:715 the E1-141 glycosylation site 687:715 the E1-141 glycosylation site 687:715 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 5 12 theme mosquito 1062:1069 arg1 vigilax 1081:1087 the mosquito vector A. vigilax 1058:1087 the mosquito vector A. vigilax 1058:1087 Interestingly, RRV lacking E2-200 glycan had significantly reduced replication in the mosquito vector A. vigilax, whereas loss of either of the E1 or E2-262 glycans had little effect on the competence of the mosquito vector. 26813162 2 13 theme in 240:241 arg1 work 249:252 Previous in vitro work 231:252 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) 231:280 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) demonstrated that alphaviral N-linked glycosylation contributes to type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells. 26813162 2 14 with work 249:252 arg1 RRV 277:279 RRV 277:279 RRV 277:279 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) demonstrated that alphaviral N-linked glycosylation contributes to type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells. 26813162 2 14 with work 249:252 arg1 virus 270:274 Ross River virus 259:274 Ross River virus (RRV) 259:280 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) demonstrated that alphaviral N-linked glycosylation contributes to type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells. 26813162 2 15 link N-linked 311:318 arg1 glycosylation 320:332 alphaviral N-linked glycosylation 300:332 alphaviral N-linked glycosylation 300:332 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) demonstrated that alphaviral N-linked glycosylation contributes to type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells. 26813162 3 16 theme disease 571:577 arg1 model 550:554 a mouse model 542:554 a mouse model of RRV-induced disease 542:577 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 4 17 theme glycosylation 698:710 arg1 site 712:715 the E1-141 glycosylation site 687:715 the E1-141 glycosylation site 687:715 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 5 18 theme reduced 1035:1041 arg1 replication 1043:1053 significantly reduced replication 1021:1053 significantly reduced replication 1021:1053 Interestingly, RRV lacking E2-200 glycan had significantly reduced replication in the mosquito vector A. vigilax, whereas loss of either of the E1 or E2-262 glycans had little effect on the competence of the mosquito vector. 26813162 2 19 theme Ross 259:262 arg1 RRV 277:279 RRV 277:279 RRV 277:279 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) demonstrated that alphaviral N-linked glycosylation contributes to type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells. 26813162 2 19 theme Ross 259:262 arg1 virus 270:274 Ross River virus 259:274 Ross River virus (RRV) 259:280 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) demonstrated that alphaviral N-linked glycosylation contributes to type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells. 26813162 4 20 gly glycoprotein 916:927 arg1 glycoprotein 916:927 the E1 glycoprotein 909:927 the E1 glycoprotein 909:927 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 6 21 theme immunopathology 1345:1359 arg1 determinants 1309:1320 important determinants 1299:1320 important determinants of viral virulence and immunopathology 1299:1359 Overall, these results indicate that glycosylation of the E1 and E2 glycoproteins of RRV provides important determinants of viral virulence and immunopathology in the mammalian host and replication in the mosquito vector. 26813162 4 22 from myositis 772:779 arg1 disease 826:832 peak disease 821:832 peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance 821:873 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 6 23 theme virulence 1331:1339 arg1 determinants 1309:1320 important determinants 1299:1320 important determinants of viral virulence and immunopathology 1299:1359 Overall, these results indicate that glycosylation of the E1 and E2 glycoproteins of RRV provides important determinants of viral virulence and immunopathology in the mammalian host and replication in the mosquito vector. 26813162 5 24 theme either 1106:1111 arg1 loss 1098:1101 loss 1098:1101 loss of either of the E1 or E2-262 glycans 1098:1139 Interestingly, RRV lacking E2-200 glycan had significantly reduced replication in the mosquito vector A. vigilax, whereas loss of either of the E1 or E2-262 glycans had little effect on the competence of the mosquito vector. 26813162 1 25 theme human 153:157 arg1 disease 184:190 human arthritogenic alphaviral disease 153:190 human arthritogenic alphaviral disease 153:190 With an expanding geographical range and no specific treatments, human arthritogenic alphaviral disease poses a significant problem worldwide. 26813162 0 26 from Role 0:3 arg1 virus 54:58 Ross River virus virulence and transmission 43:85 Ross River virus virulence and transmission 43:85 Role of envelope N-linked glycosylation in Ross River virus virulence and transmission. 26813162 0 27 dep virus 54:58 arg1 transmission 74:85 transmission 74:85 transmission 74:85 Role of envelope N-linked glycosylation in Ross River virus virulence and transmission. 26813162 0 27 dep virus 54:58 arg1 virulence 60:68 virulence 60:68 virulence 60:68 Role of envelope N-linked glycosylation in Ross River virus virulence and transmission. 26813162 5 28 theme A. 1078:1079 arg1 vigilax 1081:1087 the mosquito vector A. vigilax 1058:1087 the mosquito vector A. vigilax 1058:1087 Interestingly, RRV lacking E2-200 glycan had significantly reduced replication in the mosquito vector A. vigilax, whereas loss of either of the E1 or E2-262 glycans had little effect on the competence of the mosquito vector. 26813162 3 29 from infection 592:600 arg1 vector 641:646 a common mosquito vector 623:646 a common mosquito vector 623:646 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 3 29 from infection 592:600 arg1 vigilax 655:661 Aedes vigilax 649:661 Aedes vigilax 649:661 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 2 30 theme myeloid 382:388 arg1 cells 400:404 myeloid dendritic cells 382:404 myeloid dendritic cells 382:404 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) demonstrated that alphaviral N-linked glycosylation contributes to type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells. 26813162 6 31 theme important 1299:1307 arg1 determinants 1309:1320 important determinants 1299:1320 important determinants of viral virulence and immunopathology 1299:1359 Overall, these results indicate that glycosylation of the E1 and E2 glycoproteins of RRV provides important determinants of viral virulence and immunopathology in the mammalian host and replication in the mosquito vector. 26813162 3 32 from dissemination 606:618 arg1 vector 641:646 a common mosquito vector 623:646 a common mosquito vector 623:646 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 3 32 from dissemination 606:618 arg1 vigilax 655:661 Aedes vigilax 649:661 Aedes vigilax 649:661 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 3 33 theme alphaviral 448:457 arg1 glycans 468:474 alphaviral N-linked glycans 448:474 alphaviral N-linked glycans 448:474 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 0 34 theme envelope 8:15 arg1 glycosylation 26:38 envelope N-linked glycosylation 8:38 envelope N-linked glycosylation 8:38 Role of envelope N-linked glycosylation in Ross River virus virulence and transmission. 26813162 5 35 theme little 1145:1150 arg1 effect 1152:1157 little effect 1145:1157 little effect 1145:1157 Interestingly, RRV lacking E2-200 glycan had significantly reduced replication in the mosquito vector A. vigilax, whereas loss of either of the E1 or E2-262 glycans had little effect on the competence of the mosquito vector. 26813162 1 36 theme expanding 96:104 arg1 range 119:123 an expanding geographical range 93:123 an expanding geographical range 93:123 With an expanding geographical range and no specific treatments, human arthritogenic alphaviral disease poses a significant problem worldwide. 26813162 1 37 theme specific 132:139 arg1 treatments 141:150 no specific treatments 129:150 no specific treatments 129:150 With an expanding geographical range and no specific treatments, human arthritogenic alphaviral disease poses a significant problem worldwide. 26813162 3 38 theme mosquito 632:639 arg1 vector 641:646 a common mosquito vector 623:646 a common mosquito vector 623:646 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 3 38 theme mosquito 632:639 arg1 vigilax 655:661 Aedes vigilax 649:661 Aedes vigilax 649:661 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 0 39 theme glycosylation 26:38 arg1 Role 0:3 Role 0:3 Role of envelope N-linked glycosylation in Ross River virus virulence and transmission. 0:86 Role of envelope N-linked glycosylation in Ross River virus virulence and transmission. 26813162 2 40 from induction 369:377 arg1 cells 400:404 myeloid dendritic cells 382:404 myeloid dendritic cells 382:404 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) demonstrated that alphaviral N-linked glycosylation contributes to type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells. 26813162 4 41 theme induction 808:816 arg1 myositis 772:779 reduced myositis 764:779 reduced myositis 764:779 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 4 41 theme induction 808:816 arg1 levels 792:797 higher levels 785:797 higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance 785:873 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 2 42 theme type 349:352 arg1 IFN 356:358 type I IFN 349:358 type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells 349:404 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) demonstrated that alphaviral N-linked glycosylation contributes to type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells. 26813162 2 42 theme type 349:352 arg1 IFN-αβ 361:366 IFN-αβ 361:366 IFN-αβ 361:366 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) demonstrated that alphaviral N-linked glycosylation contributes to type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells. 26813162 0 43 theme Ross 43:46 arg1 virus 54:58 Ross River virus virulence and transmission 43:85 Ross River virus virulence and transmission 43:85 Role of envelope N-linked glycosylation in Ross River virus virulence and transmission. 26813162 2 44 gly glycosylation 320:332 arg1 IFN 356:358 type I IFN 349:358 type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells 349:404 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) demonstrated that alphaviral N-linked glycosylation contributes to type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells. 26813162 2 44 gly glycosylation 320:332 arg1 IFN-αβ 361:366 IFN-αβ 361:366 IFN-αβ 361:366 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) demonstrated that alphaviral N-linked glycosylation contributes to type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells. 26813162 3 45 theme glycans 468:474 arg1 role 440:443 the role 436:443 the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans 436:474 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 4 46 theme higher 785:790 arg1 levels 792:797 higher levels 785:797 higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance 785:873 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 5 47 theme vector 1193:1198 arg1 competence 1166:1175 the competence 1162:1175 the competence of the mosquito vector 1162:1198 Interestingly, RRV lacking E2-200 glycan had significantly reduced replication in the mosquito vector A. vigilax, whereas loss of either of the E1 or E2-262 glycans had little effect on the competence of the mosquito vector. 26813162 6 48 theme mammalian 1368:1376 arg1 host 1378:1381 the mammalian host 1364:1381 the mammalian host 1364:1381 Overall, these results indicate that glycosylation of the E1 and E2 glycoproteins of RRV provides important determinants of viral virulence and immunopathology in the mammalian host and replication in the mosquito vector. 26813162 2 49 theme IFN 356:358 arg1 induction 369:377 type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction 349:377 type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells 349:404 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) demonstrated that alphaviral N-linked glycosylation contributes to type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells. 26813162 0 50 link N-linked 17:24 arg1 glycosylation 26:38 envelope N-linked glycosylation 8:38 envelope N-linked glycosylation 8:38 Role of envelope N-linked glycosylation in Ross River virus virulence and transmission. 26813162 3 51 link N-linked 459:466 arg1 glycans 468:474 alphaviral N-linked glycans 448:474 alphaviral N-linked glycans 448:474 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 3 52 theme glycosylation 509:521 arg1 effect 499:504 the effect 495:504 the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax 495:661 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 1 53 theme arthritogenic 159:171 arg1 disease 184:190 human arthritogenic alphaviral disease 153:190 human arthritogenic alphaviral disease 153:190 With an expanding geographical range and no specific treatments, human arthritogenic alphaviral disease poses a significant problem worldwide. 26813162 2 54 theme N-linked 311:318 arg1 glycosylation 320:332 alphaviral N-linked glycosylation 300:332 alphaviral N-linked glycosylation 300:332 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) demonstrated that alphaviral N-linked glycosylation contributes to type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells. 26813162 4 55 gly glycosylation 892:904 arg1 glycoprotein 916:927 the E1 glycoprotein 909:927 the E1 glycoprotein 909:927 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 6 56 from replication 1387:1397 arg1 vector 1415:1420 the mosquito vector 1402:1420 the mosquito vector 1402:1420 Overall, these results indicate that glycosylation of the E1 and E2 glycoproteins of RRV provides important determinants of viral virulence and immunopathology in the mammalian host and replication in the mosquito vector. 26813162 6 57 gly glycoproteins 1269:1281 arg1 glycoproteins 1269:1281 the E1 and E2 glycoproteins 1255:1281 the E1 and E2 glycoproteins of RRV 1255:1288 Overall, these results indicate that glycosylation of the E1 and E2 glycoproteins of RRV provides important determinants of viral virulence and immunopathology in the mammalian host and replication in the mosquito vector. 26813162 4 58 theme E1 913:914 arg1 glycoprotein 916:927 the E1 glycoprotein 909:927 the E1 glycoprotein 909:927 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 2 59 dep in 240:241 arg1 vitro 243:247 vitro 243:247 vitro 243:247 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) demonstrated that alphaviral N-linked glycosylation contributes to type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells. 26813162 6 60 theme E2 1266:1267 arg1 glycoproteins 1269:1281 the E1 and E2 glycoproteins 1255:1281 the E1 and E2 glycoproteins of RRV 1255:1288 Overall, these results indicate that glycosylation of the E1 and E2 glycoproteins of RRV provides important determinants of viral virulence and immunopathology in the mammalian host and replication in the mosquito vector. 26813162 5 61 theme vector 1071:1076 arg1 vigilax 1081:1087 the mosquito vector A. vigilax 1058:1087 the mosquito vector A. vigilax 1058:1087 Interestingly, RRV lacking E2-200 glycan had significantly reduced replication in the mosquito vector A. vigilax, whereas loss of either of the E1 or E2-262 glycans had little effect on the competence of the mosquito vector. 26813162 3 62 theme RRV-induced 559:569 arg1 disease 571:577 RRV-induced disease 559:577 RRV-induced disease 559:577 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 1 63 theme geographical 106:117 arg1 range 119:123 an expanding geographical range 93:123 an expanding geographical range 93:123 With an expanding geographical range and no specific treatments, human arthritogenic alphaviral disease poses a significant problem worldwide. 26813162 6 64 theme E1 1259:1260 arg1 glycoproteins 1269:1281 the E1 and E2 glycoproteins 1255:1281 the E1 and E2 glycoproteins of RRV 1255:1288 Overall, these results indicate that glycosylation of the E1 and E2 glycoproteins of RRV provides important determinants of viral virulence and immunopathology in the mammalian host and replication in the mosquito vector. 26813162 2 65 theme River 264:268 arg1 RRV 277:279 RRV 277:279 RRV 277:279 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) demonstrated that alphaviral N-linked glycosylation contributes to type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells. 26813162 2 65 theme River 264:268 arg1 virus 270:274 Ross River virus 259:274 Ross River virus (RRV) 259:280 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) demonstrated that alphaviral N-linked glycosylation contributes to type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells. 26813162 4 66 from levels 792:797 arg1 disease 826:832 peak disease 821:832 peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance 821:873 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 4 67 theme E1-141 691:696 arg1 site 712:715 the E1-141 glycosylation site 687:715 the E1-141 glycosylation site 687:715 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 4 68 theme viral 859:863 arg1 clearance 865:873 improved viral clearance 850:873 improved viral clearance 850:873 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 6 69 from host 1378:1381 arg1 vector 1415:1420 the mosquito vector 1402:1420 the mosquito vector 1402:1420 Overall, these results indicate that glycosylation of the E1 and E2 glycoproteins of RRV provides important determinants of viral virulence and immunopathology in the mammalian host and replication in the mosquito vector. 26813162 3 70 theme viral 586:590 arg1 infection 592:600 viral infection 586:600 viral infection 586:600 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 6 71 gly glycosylation 1238:1250 arg1 glycoproteins 1269:1281 the E1 and E2 glycoproteins 1255:1281 the E1 and E2 glycoproteins of RRV 1255:1288 Overall, these results indicate that glycosylation of the E1 and E2 glycoproteins of RRV provides important determinants of viral virulence and immunopathology in the mammalian host and replication in the mosquito vector. 26813162 4 72 theme viral 666:670 arg1 mutant 672:677 A viral mutant 664:677 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site 664:715 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 3 73 from pathogenesis 526:537 arg1 model 550:554 a mouse model 542:554 a mouse model of RRV-induced disease 542:577 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 6 74 theme viral 1325:1329 arg1 virulence 1331:1339 viral virulence 1325:1339 viral virulence 1325:1339 Overall, these results indicate that glycosylation of the E1 and E2 glycoproteins of RRV provides important determinants of viral virulence and immunopathology in the mammalian host and replication in the mosquito vector. 26813162 4 75 theme virus-induced 736:748 arg1 disease 750:756 virus-induced disease 736:756 virus-induced disease 736:756 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 4 76 from disease 826:832 arg1 myositis 772:779 reduced myositis 764:779 reduced myositis 764:779 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 4 76 from disease 826:832 arg1 levels 792:797 higher levels 785:797 higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance 785:873 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 4 76 from disease 826:832 arg1 induction 808:816 IFN-γ induction 802:816 IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance 802:873 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 4 77 theme major 937:941 arg1 role 943:946 a major role 935:946 a major role 935:946 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 6 78 theme mosquito 1406:1413 arg1 vector 1415:1420 the mosquito vector 1402:1420 the mosquito vector 1402:1420 Overall, these results indicate that glycosylation of the E1 and E2 glycoproteins of RRV provides important determinants of viral virulence and immunopathology in the mammalian host and replication in the mosquito vector. 26813162 4 79 theme glycoprotein 916:927 arg1 glycosylation 892:904 glycosylation 892:904 glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein 892:927 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 0 80 theme N-linked 17:24 arg1 glycosylation 26:38 envelope N-linked glycosylation 8:38 envelope N-linked glycosylation 8:38 Role of envelope N-linked glycosylation in Ross River virus virulence and transmission. 26813162 3 81 theme common 625:630 arg1 vector 641:646 a common mosquito vector 623:646 a common mosquito vector 623:646 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 3 81 theme common 625:630 arg1 vigilax 655:661 Aedes vigilax 649:661 Aedes vigilax 649:661 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 3 82 theme N-linked 459:466 arg1 glycans 468:474 alphaviral N-linked glycans 448:474 alphaviral N-linked glycans 448:474 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 1 83 theme problem 212:218 arg1 worldwide 220:228 a significant problem worldwide 198:228 a significant problem worldwide 198:228 With an expanding geographical range and no specific treatments, human arthritogenic alphaviral disease poses a significant problem worldwide. 26813162 4 84 theme RRV 971:973 arg1 pathogenesis 955:966 the pathogenesis 951:966 the pathogenesis of RRV 951:973 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 2 85 theme dendritic 390:398 arg1 cells 400:404 myeloid dendritic cells 382:404 myeloid dendritic cells 382:404 Previous in vitro work with Ross River virus (RRV) demonstrated that alphaviral N-linked glycosylation contributes to type I IFN (IFN-αβ) induction in myeloid dendritic cells. 26813162 0 86 theme River 48:52 arg1 virus 54:58 Ross River virus virulence and transmission 43:85 Ross River virus virulence and transmission 43:85 Role of envelope N-linked glycosylation in Ross River virus virulence and transmission. 26813162 5 87 theme E1 1120:1121 arg1 glycans 1133:1139 the E1 or E2-262 glycans 1116:1139 the E1 or E2-262 glycans 1116:1139 Interestingly, RRV lacking E2-200 glycan had significantly reduced replication in the mosquito vector A. vigilax, whereas loss of either of the E1 or E2-262 glycans had little effect on the competence of the mosquito vector. 26813162 5 88 theme E2-200 1003:1008 arg1 glycan 1010:1015 E2-200 glycan 1003:1015 E2-200 glycan 1003:1015 Interestingly, RRV lacking E2-200 glycan had significantly reduced replication in the mosquito vector A. vigilax, whereas loss of either of the E1 or E2-262 glycans had little effect on the competence of the mosquito vector. 26813162 5 89 contain had 1017:1019 arg2 replication 1043:1053 significantly reduced replication 1021:1053 significantly reduced replication 1021:1053 Interestingly, RRV lacking E2-200 glycan had significantly reduced replication in the mosquito vector A. vigilax, whereas loss of either of the E1 or E2-262 glycans had little effect on the competence of the mosquito vector. 26813162 5 89 contain had 1017:1019 arg1 RRV 991:993 RRV 991:993 RRV lacking E2-200 glycan 991:1015 Interestingly, RRV lacking E2-200 glycan had significantly reduced replication in the mosquito vector A. vigilax, whereas loss of either of the E1 or E2-262 glycans had little effect on the competence of the mosquito vector. 26813162 3 90 theme Aedes 649:653 arg1 vector 641:646 a common mosquito vector 623:646 a common mosquito vector 623:646 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 3 90 theme Aedes 649:653 arg1 vigilax 655:661 Aedes vigilax 649:661 Aedes vigilax 649:661 This study further evaluated the role of alphaviral N-linked glycans in vivo, assessing the effect of glycosylation on pathogenesis in a mouse model of RRV-induced disease and on viral infection and dissemination in a common mosquito vector, Aedes vigilax. 26813162 4 91 theme IFN-γ 802:806 arg1 induction 808:816 IFN-γ induction 802:816 IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance 802:873 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 5 92 theme E2-262 1126:1131 arg1 glycans 1133:1139 the E1 or E2-262 glycans 1116:1139 the E1 or E2-262 glycans 1116:1139 Interestingly, RRV lacking E2-200 glycan had significantly reduced replication in the mosquito vector A. vigilax, whereas loss of either of the E1 or E2-262 glycans had little effect on the competence of the mosquito vector. 26813162 0 93 gly glycosylation 26:38 arg1 Ross 43:46 Ross River virus virulence and transmission 43:85 Ross River virus virulence and transmission 43:85 Role of envelope N-linked glycosylation in Ross River virus virulence and transmission. 26813162 0 93 gly glycosylation 26:38 arg1 River 48:52 Ross River virus virulence and transmission 43:85 Ross River virus virulence and transmission 43:85 Role of envelope N-linked glycosylation in Ross River virus virulence and transmission. 26813162 6 94 theme glycoproteins 1269:1281 arg1 glycosylation 1238:1250 glycosylation 1238:1250 glycosylation of the E1 and E2 glycoproteins of RRV 1238:1288 Overall, these results indicate that glycosylation of the E1 and E2 glycoproteins of RRV provides important determinants of viral virulence and immunopathology in the mammalian host and replication in the mosquito vector. 26813162 4 95 theme reduced 764:770 arg1 myositis 772:779 reduced myositis 764:779 reduced myositis 764:779 A viral mutant lacking the E1-141 glycosylation site was attenuated for virus-induced disease, with reduced myositis and higher levels of IFN-γ induction at peak disease contributing to improved viral clearance, suggesting that glycosylation of the E1 glycoprotein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RRV. 26813162 5 96 theme mosquito 1184:1191 arg1 vector 1193:1198 the mosquito vector 1180:1198 the mosquito vector 1180:1198 Interestingly, RRV lacking E2-200 glycan had significantly reduced replication in the mosquito vector A. vigilax, whereas loss of either of the E1 or E2-262 glycans had little effect on the competence of the mosquito vector. 26062906 12 0 theme expressing 1862:1871 arg1 MHBs 1873:1876 DNA vaccine expressing MHBs 1850:1876 DNA vaccine expressing MHBs 1850:1876 In conclusion, N-linked glycosylation at an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain is an essential requirement for DNA vaccine expressing MHBs. 26062906 2 1 theme envelope 330:337 arg1 lipoproteins 339:350 three envelope lipoproteins 324:350 three envelope lipoproteins that are translated from a single reading-frame: large, middle, and small HBV surface antigens 324:445 HBV possesses three envelope lipoproteins that are translated from a single reading-frame: large, middle, and small HBV surface antigens. 26062906 12 2 link N-linked 1751:1758 arg1 glycosylation 1760:1772 N-linked glycosylation 1751:1772 N-linked glycosylation at an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain 1751:1816 In conclusion, N-linked glycosylation at an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain is an essential requirement for DNA vaccine expressing MHBs. 26062906 12 2 link N-linked 1751:1758 arg1 requirement 1834:1844 an essential requirement 1821:1844 an essential requirement for DNA vaccine expressing MHBs 1821:1876 In conclusion, N-linked glycosylation at an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain is an essential requirement for DNA vaccine expressing MHBs. 26062906 7 3 contain contains 1048:1055 arg1 addition 1003:1010 addition 1003:1010 addition 1003:1010 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 7 3 contain contains 1048:1055 arg1 proteins 1039:1046 three mutant MHBs proteins 1021:1046 three mutant MHBs proteins 1021:1046 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 7 3 contain contains 1048:1055 arg1 each 1013:1016 each 1013:1016 each 1013:1016 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 7 3 contain contains 1048:1055 arg2 site 1082:1085 a N-linked glycosylation site 1057:1085 a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T) 1057:1095 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 7 3 contain contains 1048:1055 arg2 each 1013:1016 each 1013:1016 each 1013:1016 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 7 3 contain contains 1048:1055 arg2 N-X-S/T 1088:1094 N-X-S/T 1088:1094 N-X-S/T 1088:1094 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 7 3 contain contains 1048:1055 arg2 proteins 1039:1046 three mutant MHBs proteins 1021:1046 three mutant MHBs proteins 1021:1046 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 7 4 theme N-linked 1059:1066 arg1 N-X-S/T 1088:1094 N-X-S/T 1088:1094 N-X-S/T 1088:1094 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 7 4 theme N-linked 1059:1066 arg1 site 1082:1085 a N-linked glycosylation site 1057:1085 a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T) 1057:1095 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 1 5 theme hepatitis 168:176 arg1 HBV 187:189 HBV 187:189 HBV 187:189 Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a worldwide health problem, and DNA-based vaccines against HBV have been tested for therapeutic applications. 26062906 1 5 theme hepatitis 168:176 arg1 virus 180:184 hepatitis B virus 168:184 hepatitis B virus (HBV) 168:190 Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a worldwide health problem, and DNA-based vaccines against HBV have been tested for therapeutic applications. 26062906 3 6 theme constitutive 528:539 arg1 site 564:567 a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site 526:567 a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain 526:648 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 8 7 dep expression 1191:1200 arg1 The 1187:1189 The 1187:1189 The 1187:1189 The expression and immunogenic properties of mutant DNA vaccines were examined in 293T human renal epithelial cells and in BALB/c mice, respectively. 26062906 8 8 theme human 1274:1278 arg1 cells 1297:1301 293T human renal epithelial cells 1269:1301 293T human renal epithelial cells 1269:1301 The expression and immunogenic properties of mutant DNA vaccines were examined in 293T human renal epithelial cells and in BALB/c mice, respectively. 26062906 10 9 theme N-linked 1454:1461 arg1 site 1477:1480 a N-linked glycosylation site 1452:1480 a N-linked glycosylation site 1452:1480 Moreover, the MHBs protein that carries a N-linked glycosylation site at position 5 or 7 retained the properties similar to wild-type MHBs. 26062906 3 10 gly glycosylation 550:562 arg2 Asn4 584:587 Asn4 584:587 Asn4 584:587 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 3 10 gly glycosylation 550:562 arg2 position 572:579 position 4 572:581 position 4 (Asn4) 572:588 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 3 10 gly glycosylation 550:562 arg2 site 564:567 a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site 526:567 a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain 526:648 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 11 11 theme marginal 1644:1651 arg1 responses 1681:1689 only marginal humoral and cellular immune responses 1639:1689 only marginal humoral and cellular immune responses 1639:1689 In contrast, the secretion-defective mutant protein carrying Asn at position 6 induced only marginal humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, despite the N-linked glycosylation. 26062906 0 12 theme Middle 125:130 arg1 Antigen 144:150 Middle HBV Surface Antigen 125:150 Middle HBV Surface Antigen 125:150 N-Linked Glycosylation at an Appropriate Position in the Pre-S2 Domain Is Critical for Cellular and Humoral Immunity against Middle HBV Surface Antigen. 26062906 12 13 theme appropriate 1780:1790 arg1 position 1792:1799 an appropriate position 1777:1799 an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain 1777:1816 In conclusion, N-linked glycosylation at an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain is an essential requirement for DNA vaccine expressing MHBs. 26062906 8 14 theme epithelial 1286:1295 arg1 cells 1297:1301 293T human renal epithelial cells 1269:1301 293T human renal epithelial cells 1269:1301 The expression and immunogenic properties of mutant DNA vaccines were examined in 293T human renal epithelial cells and in BALB/c mice, respectively. 26062906 0 15 theme Surface 136:142 arg1 Antigen 144:150 Middle HBV Surface Antigen 125:150 Middle HBV Surface Antigen 125:150 N-Linked Glycosylation at an Appropriate Position in the Pre-S2 Domain Is Critical for Cellular and Humoral Immunity against Middle HBV Surface Antigen. 26062906 3 16 theme glycosylation 550:562 arg1 site 564:567 a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site 526:567 a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain 526:648 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 8 17 theme BALB/c 1310:1315 arg1 mice 1317:1320 BALB/c mice 1310:1320 BALB/c mice 1310:1320 The expression and immunogenic properties of mutant DNA vaccines were examined in 293T human renal epithelial cells and in BALB/c mice, respectively. 26062906 7 18 theme pre-S2 1172:1177 arg1 domain 1179:1184 pre-S2 domain 1172:1184 pre-S2 domain 1172:1184 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 0 19 theme Pre-S2 57:62 arg1 Domain 64:69 the Pre-S2 Domain 53:69 the Pre-S2 Domain 53:69 N-Linked Glycosylation at an Appropriate Position in the Pre-S2 Domain Is Critical for Cellular and Humoral Immunity against Middle HBV Surface Antigen. 26062906 7 20 link N-linked 1059:1066 arg1 N-X-S/T 1088:1094 N-X-S/T 1088:1094 N-X-S/T 1088:1094 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 7 20 link N-linked 1059:1066 arg1 site 1082:1085 a N-linked glycosylation site 1057:1085 a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T) 1057:1095 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 2 21 contain possesses 314:322 arg2 lipoproteins 339:350 three envelope lipoproteins 324:350 three envelope lipoproteins that are translated from a single reading-frame: large, middle, and small HBV surface antigens 324:445 HBV possesses three envelope lipoproteins that are translated from a single reading-frame: large, middle, and small HBV surface antigens. 26062906 2 21 contain possesses 314:322 arg1 HBV 310:312 HBV 310:312 HBV 310:312 HBV possesses three envelope lipoproteins that are translated from a single reading-frame: large, middle, and small HBV surface antigens. 26062906 1 22 with Infection 153:161 arg1 HBV 187:189 HBV 187:189 HBV 187:189 Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a worldwide health problem, and DNA-based vaccines against HBV have been tested for therapeutic applications. 26062906 1 22 with Infection 153:161 arg1 virus 180:184 hepatitis B virus 168:184 hepatitis B virus (HBV) 168:190 Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a worldwide health problem, and DNA-based vaccines against HBV have been tested for therapeutic applications. 26062906 11 23 theme secretion-defective 1569:1587 arg1 protein 1596:1602 the secretion-defective mutant protein 1565:1602 the secretion-defective mutant protein carrying Asn at position 6 1565:1629 In contrast, the secretion-defective mutant protein carrying Asn at position 6 induced only marginal humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, despite the N-linked glycosylation. 26062906 4 24 from influence 768:776 arg1 immunogenicity 785:798 the immunogenicity 781:798 the immunogenicity of MHBs 781:806 Asn4 (shown in bold) is essential for secretion of viral particles and conserved among all serotypes of HBV, but its influence on the immunogenicity of MHBs remains unknown. 26062906 4 25 theme viral 702:706 arg1 particles 708:716 viral particles 702:716 viral particles 702:716 Asn4 (shown in bold) is essential for secretion of viral particles and conserved among all serotypes of HBV, but its influence on the immunogenicity of MHBs remains unknown. 26062906 2 26 theme small 420:424 arg1 antigens 438:445 large, middle, and small HBV surface antigens 401:445 large, middle, and small HBV surface antigens 401:445 HBV possesses three envelope lipoproteins that are translated from a single reading-frame: large, middle, and small HBV surface antigens. 26062906 6 27 contain contains 961:968 arg1 protein 953:959 One mutant protein 942:959 One mutant protein 942:959 One mutant protein contains Q at position 4 (MQWQSTTFHQ). 26062906 6 27 contain contains 961:968 arg1 MQWQSTTFHQ 987:996 MQWQSTTFHQ 987:996 MQWQSTTFHQ 987:996 One mutant protein contains Q at position 4 (MQWQSTTFHQ). 26062906 6 27 contain contains 961:968 arg1 position 975:982 position 4 975:984 position 4 (MQWQSTTFHQ) 975:997 One mutant protein contains Q at position 4 (MQWQSTTFHQ). 26062906 6 27 contain contains 961:968 arg2 Q 970:970 Q 970:970 Q 970:970 One mutant protein contains Q at position 4 (MQWQSTTFHQ). 26062906 6 27 contain contains 961:968 arg2 protein 953:959 One mutant protein 942:959 One mutant protein 942:959 One mutant protein contains Q at position 4 (MQWQSTTFHQ). 26062906 10 28 theme glycosylation 1463:1475 arg1 site 1477:1480 a N-linked glycosylation site 1452:1480 a N-linked glycosylation site 1452:1480 Moreover, the MHBs protein that carries a N-linked glycosylation site at position 5 or 7 retained the properties similar to wild-type MHBs. 26062906 0 29 theme N-Linked 0:7 arg1 Glycosylation 9:21 N-Linked Glycosylation 0:21 N-Linked Glycosylation at an Appropriate Position in the Pre-S2 Domain 0:69 N-Linked Glycosylation at an Appropriate Position in the Pre-S2 Domain Is Critical for Cellular and Humoral Immunity against Middle HBV Surface Antigen. 26062906 5 30 theme MHBs 851:854 arg1 genes 856:860 four MHBs genes 846:860 four MHBs genes 846:860 Here, we constructed four MHBs genes carrying mutations, underlined, in the amino-terminal portion of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 3 31 theme amino-terminal 597:610 arg1 MQWNSTTFHQ 621:630 MQWNSTTFHQ 621:630 MQWNSTTFHQ 621:630 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 3 31 theme amino-terminal 597:610 arg1 portion 612:618 the amino-terminal portion 593:618 the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain 593:648 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 4 32 dep Asn4 651:654 arg1 shown 657:661 shown 657:661 shown in bold 657:669 Asn4 (shown in bold) is essential for secretion of viral particles and conserved among all serotypes of HBV, but its influence on the immunogenicity of MHBs remains unknown. 26062906 3 33 link N-linked 541:548 arg1 site 564:567 a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site 526:567 a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain 526:648 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 10 34 link N-linked 1454:1461 arg1 site 1477:1480 a N-linked glycosylation site 1452:1480 a N-linked glycosylation site 1452:1480 Moreover, the MHBs protein that carries a N-linked glycosylation site at position 5 or 7 retained the properties similar to wild-type MHBs. 26062906 8 35 theme mutant 1232:1237 arg1 vaccines 1243:1250 mutant DNA vaccines 1232:1250 mutant DNA vaccines 1232:1250 The expression and immunogenic properties of mutant DNA vaccines were examined in 293T human renal epithelial cells and in BALB/c mice, respectively. 26062906 0 36 theme Appropriate 29:39 arg1 Position 41:48 an Appropriate Position 26:48 an Appropriate Position in the Pre-S2 Domain 26:69 N-Linked Glycosylation at an Appropriate Position in the Pre-S2 Domain Is Critical for Cellular and Humoral Immunity against Middle HBV Surface Antigen. 26062906 7 37 theme MHBs 1034:1037 arg1 proteins 1039:1046 three mutant MHBs proteins 1021:1046 three mutant MHBs proteins 1021:1046 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 0 38 gly Glycosylation 9:21 arg2 Position 41:48 an Appropriate Position 26:48 an Appropriate Position in the Pre-S2 Domain 26:69 N-Linked Glycosylation at an Appropriate Position in the Pre-S2 Domain Is Critical for Cellular and Humoral Immunity against Middle HBV Surface Antigen. 26062906 2 39 theme surface 430:436 arg1 antigens 438:445 large, middle, and small HBV surface antigens 401:445 large, middle, and small HBV surface antigens 401:445 HBV possesses three envelope lipoproteins that are translated from a single reading-frame: large, middle, and small HBV surface antigens. 26062906 4 40 theme HBV 755:757 arg1 serotypes 742:750 all serotypes 738:750 all serotypes of HBV 738:757 Asn4 (shown in bold) is essential for secretion of viral particles and conserved among all serotypes of HBV, but its influence on the immunogenicity of MHBs remains unknown. 26062906 10 41 theme similar 1525:1531 arg1 properties 1514:1523 the properties 1510:1523 the properties similar to wild-type MHBs 1510:1549 Moreover, the MHBs protein that carries a N-linked glycosylation site at position 5 or 7 retained the properties similar to wild-type MHBs. 26062906 1 42 theme therapeutic 284:294 arg1 applications 296:307 therapeutic applications 284:307 therapeutic applications 284:307 Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a worldwide health problem, and DNA-based vaccines against HBV have been tested for therapeutic applications. 26062906 12 43 gly glycosylation 1760:1772 arg2 position 1792:1799 an appropriate position 1777:1799 an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain 1777:1816 In conclusion, N-linked glycosylation at an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain is an essential requirement for DNA vaccine expressing MHBs. 26062906 12 43 gly glycosylation 1760:1772 arg1 position 1792:1799 an appropriate position 1777:1799 an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain 1777:1816 In conclusion, N-linked glycosylation at an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain is an essential requirement for DNA vaccine expressing MHBs. 26062906 5 44 theme pre-S2 927:932 arg1 domain 934:939 pre-S2 domain 927:939 pre-S2 domain 927:939 Here, we constructed four MHBs genes carrying mutations, underlined, in the amino-terminal portion of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 8 45 theme 293T 1269:1272 arg1 cells 1297:1301 293T human renal epithelial cells 1269:1301 293T human renal epithelial cells 1269:1301 The expression and immunogenic properties of mutant DNA vaccines were examined in 293T human renal epithelial cells and in BALB/c mice, respectively. 26062906 3 46 theme middle 483:488 arg1 MHBs 511:514 MHBs 511:514 MHBs 511:514 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 3 46 theme middle 483:488 arg1 antigen 502:508 the middle HBV surface antigen 479:508 the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) 479:515 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 1 47 theme health 212:217 arg1 problem 219:225 a worldwide health problem 200:225 a worldwide health problem 200:225 Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a worldwide health problem, and DNA-based vaccines against HBV have been tested for therapeutic applications. 26062906 10 48 theme wild-type 1536:1544 arg1 MHBs 1546:1549 wild-type MHBs 1536:1549 wild-type MHBs 1536:1549 Moreover, the MHBs protein that carries a N-linked glycosylation site at position 5 or 7 retained the properties similar to wild-type MHBs. 26062906 12 49 theme vaccine 1854:1860 arg1 MHBs 1873:1876 DNA vaccine expressing MHBs 1850:1876 DNA vaccine expressing MHBs 1850:1876 In conclusion, N-linked glycosylation at an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain is an essential requirement for DNA vaccine expressing MHBs. 26062906 7 50 from position 1111:1118 arg1 domain 1179:1184 pre-S2 domain 1172:1184 pre-S2 domain 1172:1184 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 3 51 theme pre-S2 636:641 arg1 domain 643:648 pre-S2 domain 636:648 pre-S2 domain 636:648 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 8 52 theme vaccines 1243:1250 arg1 expression 1191:1200 expression 1191:1200 expression 1191:1200 The expression and immunogenic properties of mutant DNA vaccines were examined in 293T human renal epithelial cells and in BALB/c mice, respectively. 26062906 8 52 theme vaccines 1243:1250 arg1 properties 1218:1227 immunogenic properties 1206:1227 immunogenic properties 1206:1227 The expression and immunogenic properties of mutant DNA vaccines were examined in 293T human renal epithelial cells and in BALB/c mice, respectively. 26062906 1 53 theme DNA-based 232:240 arg1 vaccines 242:249 DNA-based vaccines 232:249 DNA-based vaccines against HBV 232:261 Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a worldwide health problem, and DNA-based vaccines against HBV have been tested for therapeutic applications. 26062906 12 54 from requirement 1834:1844 arg1 conclusion 1739:1748 conclusion 1739:1748 conclusion 1739:1748 In conclusion, N-linked glycosylation at an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain is an essential requirement for DNA vaccine expressing MHBs. 26062906 11 55 contain carrying 1604:1611 arg2 Asn 1613:1615 Asn 1613:1615 Asn 1613:1615 In contrast, the secretion-defective mutant protein carrying Asn at position 6 induced only marginal humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, despite the N-linked glycosylation. 26062906 11 55 contain carrying 1604:1611 arg1 protein 1596:1602 the secretion-defective mutant protein 1565:1602 the secretion-defective mutant protein carrying Asn at position 6 1565:1629 In contrast, the secretion-defective mutant protein carrying Asn at position 6 induced only marginal humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, despite the N-linked glycosylation. 26062906 3 56 theme envelope 460:467 arg1 proteins 469:476 these envelope proteins 454:476 these envelope proteins 454:476 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 3 57 theme surface 494:500 arg1 MHBs 511:514 MHBs 511:514 MHBs 511:514 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 3 57 theme surface 494:500 arg1 antigen 502:508 the middle HBV surface antigen 479:508 the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) 479:515 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 12 58 theme essential 1824:1832 arg1 glycosylation 1760:1772 N-linked glycosylation 1751:1772 N-linked glycosylation at an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain 1751:1816 In conclusion, N-linked glycosylation at an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain is an essential requirement for DNA vaccine expressing MHBs. 26062906 12 58 theme essential 1824:1832 arg1 requirement 1834:1844 an essential requirement 1821:1844 an essential requirement for DNA vaccine expressing MHBs 1821:1876 In conclusion, N-linked glycosylation at an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain is an essential requirement for DNA vaccine expressing MHBs. 26062906 11 59 link N-linked 1712:1719 arg1 glycosylation 1721:1733 the N-linked glycosylation 1708:1733 the N-linked glycosylation 1708:1733 In contrast, the secretion-defective mutant protein carrying Asn at position 6 induced only marginal humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, despite the N-linked glycosylation. 26062906 10 60 theme MHBs 1426:1429 arg1 protein 1431:1437 the MHBs protein 1422:1437 the MHBs protein that carries a N-linked glycosylation site at position 5 or 7 1422:1499 Moreover, the MHBs protein that carries a N-linked glycosylation site at position 5 or 7 retained the properties similar to wild-type MHBs. 26062906 1 61 theme B 178:178 arg1 HBV 187:189 HBV 187:189 HBV 187:189 Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a worldwide health problem, and DNA-based vaccines against HBV have been tested for therapeutic applications. 26062906 1 61 theme B 178:178 arg1 virus 180:184 hepatitis B virus 168:184 hepatitis B virus (HBV) 168:190 Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a worldwide health problem, and DNA-based vaccines against HBV have been tested for therapeutic applications. 26062906 5 62 contain carrying 862:869 arg1 genes 856:860 four MHBs genes 846:860 four MHBs genes 846:860 Here, we constructed four MHBs genes carrying mutations, underlined, in the amino-terminal portion of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 5 62 contain carrying 862:869 arg2 mutations 871:879 mutations 871:879 mutations 871:879 Here, we constructed four MHBs genes carrying mutations, underlined, in the amino-terminal portion of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 12 63 theme pre-S2 1804:1809 arg1 domain 1811:1816 pre-S2 domain 1804:1816 pre-S2 domain 1804:1816 In conclusion, N-linked glycosylation at an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain is an essential requirement for DNA vaccine expressing MHBs. 26062906 8 64 theme renal 1280:1284 arg1 cells 1297:1301 293T human renal epithelial cells 1269:1301 293T human renal epithelial cells 1269:1301 The expression and immunogenic properties of mutant DNA vaccines were examined in 293T human renal epithelial cells and in BALB/c mice, respectively. 26062906 0 65 theme HBV 132:134 arg1 Antigen 144:150 Middle HBV Surface Antigen 125:150 Middle HBV Surface Antigen 125:150 N-Linked Glycosylation at an Appropriate Position in the Pre-S2 Domain Is Critical for Cellular and Humoral Immunity against Middle HBV Surface Antigen. 26062906 11 66 theme humoral 1653:1659 arg1 responses 1681:1689 only marginal humoral and cellular immune responses 1639:1689 only marginal humoral and cellular immune responses 1639:1689 In contrast, the secretion-defective mutant protein carrying Asn at position 6 induced only marginal humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, despite the N-linked glycosylation. 26062906 3 67 theme N-linked 541:548 arg1 site 564:567 a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site 526:567 a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain 526:648 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 4 68 theme MHBs 803:806 arg1 immunogenicity 785:798 the immunogenicity 781:798 the immunogenicity of MHBs 781:806 Asn4 (shown in bold) is essential for secretion of viral particles and conserved among all serotypes of HBV, but its influence on the immunogenicity of MHBs remains unknown. 26062906 10 69 gly glycosylation 1463:1475 arg2 site 1477:1480 a N-linked glycosylation site 1452:1480 a N-linked glycosylation site 1452:1480 Moreover, the MHBs protein that carries a N-linked glycosylation site at position 5 or 7 retained the properties similar to wild-type MHBs. 26062906 11 70 theme immune 1674:1679 arg1 responses 1681:1689 only marginal humoral and cellular immune responses 1639:1689 only marginal humoral and cellular immune responses 1639:1689 In contrast, the secretion-defective mutant protein carrying Asn at position 6 induced only marginal humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, despite the N-linked glycosylation. 26062906 0 71 theme Cellular 87:94 arg1 Immunity 108:115 Cellular and Humoral Immunity 87:115 Cellular and Humoral Immunity against Middle HBV Surface Antigen 87:150 N-Linked Glycosylation at an Appropriate Position in the Pre-S2 Domain Is Critical for Cellular and Humoral Immunity against Middle HBV Surface Antigen. 26062906 12 72 theme N-linked 1751:1758 arg1 glycosylation 1760:1772 N-linked glycosylation 1751:1772 N-linked glycosylation at an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain 1751:1816 In conclusion, N-linked glycosylation at an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain is an essential requirement for DNA vaccine expressing MHBs. 26062906 12 72 theme N-linked 1751:1758 arg1 requirement 1834:1844 an essential requirement 1821:1844 an essential requirement for DNA vaccine expressing MHBs 1821:1876 In conclusion, N-linked glycosylation at an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain is an essential requirement for DNA vaccine expressing MHBs. 26062906 3 73 from position 572:579 arg1 site 564:567 a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site 526:567 a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain 526:648 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 11 74 theme mutant 1589:1594 arg1 protein 1596:1602 the secretion-defective mutant protein 1565:1602 the secretion-defective mutant protein carrying Asn at position 6 1565:1629 In contrast, the secretion-defective mutant protein carrying Asn at position 6 induced only marginal humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, despite the N-linked glycosylation. 26062906 7 75 theme glycosylation 1068:1080 arg1 N-X-S/T 1088:1094 N-X-S/T 1088:1094 N-X-S/T 1088:1094 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 7 75 theme glycosylation 1068:1080 arg1 site 1082:1085 a N-linked glycosylation site 1057:1085 a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T) 1057:1095 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 0 76 from Position 41:48 arg1 Glycosylation 9:21 N-Linked Glycosylation 0:21 N-Linked Glycosylation at an Appropriate Position in the Pre-S2 Domain 0:69 N-Linked Glycosylation at an Appropriate Position in the Pre-S2 Domain Is Critical for Cellular and Humoral Immunity against Middle HBV Surface Antigen. 26062906 0 76 from Position 41:48 arg1 Domain 64:69 the Pre-S2 Domain 53:69 the Pre-S2 Domain 53:69 N-Linked Glycosylation at an Appropriate Position in the Pre-S2 Domain Is Critical for Cellular and Humoral Immunity against Middle HBV Surface Antigen. 26062906 7 77 gly glycosylation 1068:1080 arg2 N-X-S/T 1088:1094 N-X-S/T 1088:1094 N-X-S/T 1088:1094 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 7 77 gly glycosylation 1068:1080 arg2 site 1082:1085 a N-linked glycosylation site 1057:1085 a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T) 1057:1095 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 0 78 theme Humoral 100:106 arg1 Immunity 108:115 Cellular and Humoral Immunity 87:115 Cellular and Humoral Immunity against Middle HBV Surface Antigen 87:150 N-Linked Glycosylation at an Appropriate Position in the Pre-S2 Domain Is Critical for Cellular and Humoral Immunity against Middle HBV Surface Antigen. 26062906 7 79 dep position 1111:1118 arg1 MQWQSTNFTQ 1157:1166 MQWQSTNFTQ 1157:1166 MQWQSTNFTQ 1157:1166 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 7 79 dep position 1111:1118 arg1 5 1120:1120 5 1120:1120 5 1120:1120 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 7 79 dep position 1111:1118 arg1 MQWQSNTSHQ 1139:1148 MQWQSNTSHQ 1139:1148 MQWQSNTSHQ 1139:1148 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 7 79 dep position 1111:1118 arg1 MQWQNTTFHQ 1123:1132 MQWQNTTFHQ 1123:1132 MQWQNTTFHQ 1123:1132 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 7 79 dep position 1111:1118 arg1 7 1154:1154 7 1154:1154 7 1154:1154 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 7 79 dep position 1111:1118 arg1 6 1136:1136 6 1136:1136 6 1136:1136 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 3 80 contain contains 517:524 arg1 MHBs 511:514 MHBs 511:514 MHBs 511:514 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 3 80 contain contains 517:524 arg1 antigen 502:508 the middle HBV surface antigen 479:508 the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) 479:515 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 3 80 contain contains 517:524 arg2 site 564:567 a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site 526:567 a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain 526:648 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 11 81 theme N-linked 1712:1719 arg1 glycosylation 1721:1733 the N-linked glycosylation 1708:1733 the N-linked glycosylation 1708:1733 In contrast, the secretion-defective mutant protein carrying Asn at position 6 induced only marginal humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, despite the N-linked glycosylation. 26062906 10 82 contain carries 1444:1450 arg3 7 1499:1499 7 1499:1499 7 1499:1499 Moreover, the MHBs protein that carries a N-linked glycosylation site at position 5 or 7 retained the properties similar to wild-type MHBs. 26062906 10 82 contain carries 1444:1450 arg3 position 1485:1492 position 5 or 7 1485:1499 position 1485:1492 Moreover, the MHBs protein that carries a N-linked glycosylation site at position 5 or 7 retained the properties similar to wild-type MHBs. 26062906 10 82 contain carries 1444:1450 arg1 protein 1431:1437 the MHBs protein 1422:1437 the MHBs protein that carries a N-linked glycosylation site at position 5 or 7 1422:1499 Moreover, the MHBs protein that carries a N-linked glycosylation site at position 5 or 7 retained the properties similar to wild-type MHBs. 26062906 10 82 contain carries 1444:1450 arg2 site 1477:1480 a N-linked glycosylation site 1452:1480 a N-linked glycosylation site 1452:1480 Moreover, the MHBs protein that carries a N-linked glycosylation site at position 5 or 7 retained the properties similar to wild-type MHBs. 26062906 9 83 theme MHBs 1406:1409 arg1 secretion 1374:1382 secretion 1374:1382 secretion 1374:1382 We showed that Asn4 was critical for secretion and immunogenicity of MHBs. 26062906 9 83 theme MHBs 1406:1409 arg1 immunogenicity 1388:1401 immunogenicity 1388:1401 immunogenicity 1388:1401 We showed that Asn4 was critical for secretion and immunogenicity of MHBs. 26062906 2 84 theme middle 408:413 arg1 antigens 438:445 large, middle, and small HBV surface antigens 401:445 large, middle, and small HBV surface antigens 401:445 HBV possesses three envelope lipoproteins that are translated from a single reading-frame: large, middle, and small HBV surface antigens. 26062906 8 85 theme immunogenic 1206:1216 arg1 properties 1218:1227 immunogenic properties 1206:1227 immunogenic properties 1206:1227 The expression and immunogenic properties of mutant DNA vaccines were examined in 293T human renal epithelial cells and in BALB/c mice, respectively. 26062906 3 86 from site 564:567 arg1 MQWNSTTFHQ 621:630 MQWNSTTFHQ 621:630 MQWNSTTFHQ 621:630 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 3 86 from site 564:567 arg1 portion 612:618 the amino-terminal portion 593:618 the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain 593:648 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 2 87 theme large 401:405 arg1 antigens 438:445 large, middle, and small HBV surface antigens 401:445 large, middle, and small HBV surface antigens 401:445 HBV possesses three envelope lipoproteins that are translated from a single reading-frame: large, middle, and small HBV surface antigens. 26062906 7 88 theme mutant 1027:1032 arg1 proteins 1039:1046 three mutant MHBs proteins 1021:1046 three mutant MHBs proteins 1021:1046 In addition, each of three mutant MHBs proteins contains a N-linked glycosylation site (N-X-S/T), relocated to position 5 (MQWQNTTFHQ), 6 (MQWQSNTSHQ) or 7 (MQWQSTNFTQ) in pre-S2 domain. 26062906 6 89 theme mutant 946:951 arg1 protein 953:959 One mutant protein 942:959 One mutant protein 942:959 One mutant protein contains Q at position 4 (MQWQSTTFHQ). 26062906 12 90 from position 1792:1799 arg1 glycosylation 1760:1772 N-linked glycosylation 1751:1772 N-linked glycosylation at an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain 1751:1816 In conclusion, N-linked glycosylation at an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain is an essential requirement for DNA vaccine expressing MHBs. 26062906 12 90 from position 1792:1799 arg1 requirement 1834:1844 an essential requirement 1821:1844 an essential requirement for DNA vaccine expressing MHBs 1821:1876 In conclusion, N-linked glycosylation at an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain is an essential requirement for DNA vaccine expressing MHBs. 26062906 12 90 from position 1792:1799 arg1 domain 1811:1816 pre-S2 domain 1804:1816 pre-S2 domain 1804:1816 In conclusion, N-linked glycosylation at an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain is an essential requirement for DNA vaccine expressing MHBs. 26062906 5 91 theme domain 934:939 arg1 portion 916:922 the amino-terminal portion 897:922 the amino-terminal portion of pre-S2 domain 897:939 Here, we constructed four MHBs genes carrying mutations, underlined, in the amino-terminal portion of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 2 92 theme HBV 426:428 arg1 antigens 438:445 large, middle, and small HBV surface antigens 401:445 large, middle, and small HBV surface antigens 401:445 HBV possesses three envelope lipoproteins that are translated from a single reading-frame: large, middle, and small HBV surface antigens. 26062906 8 93 theme DNA 1239:1241 arg1 vaccines 1243:1250 mutant DNA vaccines 1232:1250 mutant DNA vaccines 1232:1250 The expression and immunogenic properties of mutant DNA vaccines were examined in 293T human renal epithelial cells and in BALB/c mice, respectively. 26062906 5 94 from genes 856:860 arg1 portion 916:922 the amino-terminal portion 897:922 the amino-terminal portion of pre-S2 domain 897:939 Here, we constructed four MHBs genes carrying mutations, underlined, in the amino-terminal portion of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 4 95 theme particles 708:716 arg1 secretion 689:697 secretion 689:697 secretion of viral particles 689:716 Asn4 (shown in bold) is essential for secretion of viral particles and conserved among all serotypes of HBV, but its influence on the immunogenicity of MHBs remains unknown. 26062906 11 96 theme cellular 1665:1672 arg1 responses 1681:1689 only marginal humoral and cellular immune responses 1639:1689 only marginal humoral and cellular immune responses 1639:1689 In contrast, the secretion-defective mutant protein carrying Asn at position 6 induced only marginal humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, despite the N-linked glycosylation. 26062906 1 97 theme worldwide 202:210 arg1 problem 219:225 a worldwide health problem 200:225 a worldwide health problem 200:225 Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a worldwide health problem, and DNA-based vaccines against HBV have been tested for therapeutic applications. 26062906 12 98 theme DNA 1850:1852 arg1 MHBs 1873:1876 DNA vaccine expressing MHBs 1850:1876 DNA vaccine expressing MHBs 1850:1876 In conclusion, N-linked glycosylation at an appropriate position in pre-S2 domain is an essential requirement for DNA vaccine expressing MHBs. 26062906 5 99 theme amino-terminal 901:914 arg1 portion 916:922 the amino-terminal portion 897:922 the amino-terminal portion of pre-S2 domain 897:939 Here, we constructed four MHBs genes carrying mutations, underlined, in the amino-terminal portion of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 3 100 theme domain 643:648 arg1 MQWNSTTFHQ 621:630 MQWNSTTFHQ 621:630 MQWNSTTFHQ 621:630 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 3 100 theme domain 643:648 arg1 portion 612:618 the amino-terminal portion 593:618 the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain 593:648 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 3 101 theme HBV 490:492 arg1 MHBs 511:514 MHBs 511:514 MHBs 511:514 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 26062906 3 101 theme HBV 490:492 arg1 antigen 502:508 the middle HBV surface antigen 479:508 the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) 479:515 Among these envelope proteins, the middle HBV surface antigen (MHBs) contains a constitutive N-linked glycosylation site at position 4 (Asn4) in the amino-terminal portion (MQWNSTTFHQ) of pre-S2 domain. 27377235 10 0 from branches 1679:1686 arg1 acids 1651:1655 sialic acids 1644:1655 sialic acids at the terminal sugar branches 1644:1686 Notably, sialic acids at the terminal sugar branches play an important role in dampening the degradation of Kv1.2 internalized from the cell membrane to promote its stability. 27377235 6 1 theme important 1138:1146 arg1 roles 1148:1152 important roles 1138:1152 important roles for N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 channels 1138:1197 Studies in cultured hippocampal neurons and the COS-7 cell line demonstrate important roles for N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 channels in forward trafficking and protein degradation. 27377235 9 2 theme channel 1618:1624 arg1 density 1626:1632 Kv1.2 channel density 1612:1632 Kv1.2 channel density 1612:1632 The present study reveals the importance of N-linked complex glycosylation in boosting Kv1.2 channel density. 27377235 10 3 theme terminal 1664:1671 arg1 branches 1679:1686 the terminal sugar branches 1660:1686 the terminal sugar branches 1660:1686 Notably, sialic acids at the terminal sugar branches play an important role in dampening the degradation of Kv1.2 internalized from the cell membrane to promote its stability. 27377235 1 4 gly glycosylation 302:314 arg1 cells 325:329 COS-7 cells 319:329 COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons 319:394 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 6 5 from line 1121:1124 arg1 neurons 1094:1100 cultured hippocampal neurons 1073:1100 cultured hippocampal neurons 1073:1100 Studies in cultured hippocampal neurons and the COS-7 cell line demonstrate important roles for N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 channels in forward trafficking and protein degradation. 27377235 1 6 theme complex 294:300 arg1 glycosylation 302:314 complex glycosylation 294:314 complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons 294:394 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 4 7 theme channels 877:884 arg1 degradation 849:859 the faster degradation 838:859 the faster degradation of internalized channels 838:884 Treatment of wild-type Kv1.2 channels on the cell surface with glycosidase to remove sialic acids also results in the faster degradation of internalized channels. 27377235 0 8 link N-linked 0:7 arg1 glycosylation 9:21 N-linked glycosylation 0:21 N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel 0:62 N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel facilitates cell surface expression and enhances the stability of internalized channels. 27377235 6 9 theme protein 1226:1232 arg1 degradation 1234:1244 protein degradation 1226:1244 protein degradation 1226:1244 Studies in cultured hippocampal neurons and the COS-7 cell line demonstrate important roles for N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 channels in forward trafficking and protein degradation. 27377235 3 10 theme mutant 580:585 arg1 channels 593:600 both wild-type and non-glycosylated mutant Kv1.2 channels 544:600 both wild-type and non-glycosylated mutant Kv1.2 channels that have reached the cell membrane 544:636 Although both wild-type and non-glycosylated mutant Kv1.2 channels that have reached the cell membrane are internalized at a comparable rate, mutant channels are degraded at a faster rate. 27377235 5 11 theme Kv1.2 904:908 arg1 Glycosylation 887:899 Glycosylation 887:899 Glycosylation of Kv1.2 887:908 Glycosylation of Kv1.2 is important with respect to facilitating trafficking to the cell membrane and enhancing the stability of channels that have reached the cell membrane. 27377235 5 12 gly Glycosylation 887:899 arg1 Kv1.2 904:908 Kv1.2 904:908 Kv1.2 904:908 Glycosylation of Kv1.2 is important with respect to facilitating trafficking to the cell membrane and enhancing the stability of channels that have reached the cell membrane. 27377235 1 13 gly glycosylation 237:249 arg2 site 251:254 a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site 209:254 a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop 209:286 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 7 14 link N-linked 1282:1289 arg1 glycans 1291:1297 complex N-linked glycans 1274:1297 complex N-linked glycans 1274:1297 Kv1.2 channels can contain complex N-linked glycans, which facilitate cell surface expression of the channels. 27377235 0 15 theme internalized 130:141 arg1 channels 143:150 internalized channels 130:150 internalized channels 130:150 N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel facilitates cell surface expression and enhances the stability of internalized channels. 27377235 1 16 theme N-linked 228:235 arg1 site 251:254 a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site 209:254 a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop 209:286 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 9 17 theme N-linked 1569:1576 arg1 glycosylation 1586:1598 N-linked complex glycosylation 1569:1598 N-linked complex glycosylation 1569:1598 The present study reveals the importance of N-linked complex glycosylation in boosting Kv1.2 channel density. 27377235 4 18 theme Kv1.2 747:751 arg1 channels 753:760 wild-type Kv1.2 channels 737:760 wild-type Kv1.2 channels 737:760 Treatment of wild-type Kv1.2 channels on the cell surface with glycosidase to remove sialic acids also results in the faster degradation of internalized channels. 27377235 9 19 theme glycosylation 1586:1598 arg1 importance 1555:1564 the importance 1551:1564 the importance of N-linked complex glycosylation in boosting Kv1.2 channel density 1551:1632 The present study reveals the importance of N-linked complex glycosylation in boosting Kv1.2 channel density. 27377235 5 20 theme cell 971:974 arg1 membrane 976:983 the cell membrane 967:983 the cell membrane 967:983 Glycosylation of Kv1.2 is important with respect to facilitating trafficking to the cell membrane and enhancing the stability of channels that have reached the cell membrane. 27377235 0 21 theme cell 76:79 arg1 expression 89:98 cell surface expression 76:98 cell surface expression 76:98 N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel facilitates cell surface expression and enhances the stability of internalized channels. 27377235 1 22 theme related 163:169 arg1 channels 195:202 related voltage-gated potassium channels 163:202 related voltage-gated potassium channels 163:202 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 2 23 theme cell 520:523 arg1 membrane 525:532 the cell membrane 516:532 the cell membrane 516:532 COS-7 cells expressing Kv1.2 show a crucial role of this N-linked glycosylation in the forward trafficking of Kv1.2 to the cell membrane. 27377235 8 24 theme cell 1397:1400 arg1 channels 1426:1433 cell surface-expressed Kv1.2 channels 1397:1433 cell surface-expressed Kv1.2 channels 1397:1433 Additionally, the protein stability of cell surface-expressed Kv1.2 channels is affected by glycosylation via differences in the degradation of internalized channels. 27377235 7 25 theme N-linked 1282:1289 arg1 glycans 1291:1297 complex N-linked glycans 1274:1297 complex N-linked glycans 1274:1297 Kv1.2 channels can contain complex N-linked glycans, which facilitate cell surface expression of the channels. 27377235 1 26 theme hippocampal 376:386 arg1 neurons 388:394 hippocampal neurons 376:394 hippocampal neurons 376:394 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 9 27 link N-linked 1569:1576 arg1 glycosylation 1586:1598 N-linked complex glycosylation 1569:1598 N-linked complex glycosylation 1569:1598 The present study reveals the importance of N-linked complex glycosylation in boosting Kv1.2 channel density. 27377235 1 28 theme potassium 185:193 arg1 channels 195:202 related voltage-gated potassium channels 163:202 related voltage-gated potassium channels 163:202 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 8 29 theme Kv1.2 1420:1424 arg1 channels 1426:1433 cell surface-expressed Kv1.2 channels 1397:1433 cell surface-expressed Kv1.2 channels 1397:1433 Additionally, the protein stability of cell surface-expressed Kv1.2 channels is affected by glycosylation via differences in the degradation of internalized channels. 27377235 4 30 dep Treatment 724:732 arg1 remove 802:807 remove 802:807 to remove sialic acids 799:820 Treatment of wild-type Kv1.2 channels on the cell surface with glycosidase to remove sialic acids also results in the faster degradation of internalized channels. 27377235 4 31 theme sialic 809:814 arg1 acids 816:820 sialic acids 809:820 sialic acids 809:820 Treatment of wild-type Kv1.2 channels on the cell surface with glycosidase to remove sialic acids also results in the faster degradation of internalized channels. 27377235 2 32 theme crucial 433:439 arg1 role 441:444 a crucial role 431:444 a crucial role of this N-linked glycosylation in the forward trafficking of Kv1.2 to the cell membrane 431:532 COS-7 cells expressing Kv1.2 show a crucial role of this N-linked glycosylation in the forward trafficking of Kv1.2 to the cell membrane. 27377235 6 33 theme cell 1116:1119 arg1 line 1121:1124 the COS-7 cell line 1106:1124 the COS-7 cell line 1106:1124 Studies in cultured hippocampal neurons and the COS-7 cell line demonstrate important roles for N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 channels in forward trafficking and protein degradation. 27377235 2 34 theme forward 484:490 arg1 trafficking 492:502 the forward trafficking 480:502 the forward trafficking of Kv1.2 to the cell membrane 480:532 COS-7 cells expressing Kv1.2 show a crucial role of this N-linked glycosylation in the forward trafficking of Kv1.2 to the cell membrane. 27377235 4 35 theme cell 769:772 arg1 surface 774:780 the cell surface 765:780 the cell surface 765:780 Treatment of wild-type Kv1.2 channels on the cell surface with glycosidase to remove sialic acids also results in the faster degradation of internalized channels. 27377235 0 36 theme N-linked 0:7 arg1 glycosylation 9:21 N-linked glycosylation 0:21 N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel 0:62 N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel facilitates cell surface expression and enhances the stability of internalized channels. 27377235 2 37 theme N-linked 454:461 arg1 glycosylation 463:475 this N-linked glycosylation 449:475 this N-linked glycosylation 449:475 COS-7 cells expressing Kv1.2 show a crucial role of this N-linked glycosylation in the forward trafficking of Kv1.2 to the cell membrane. 27377235 1 38 theme COS-7 319:323 arg1 cells 325:329 COS-7 cells 319:329 COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons 319:394 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 6 39 link N-linked 1158:1165 arg1 glycosylation 1167:1179 N-linked glycosylation 1158:1179 N-linked glycosylation 1158:1179 Studies in cultured hippocampal neurons and the COS-7 cell line demonstrate important roles for N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 channels in forward trafficking and protein degradation. 27377235 4 40 theme faster 842:847 arg1 degradation 849:859 the faster degradation 838:859 the faster degradation of internalized channels 838:884 Treatment of wild-type Kv1.2 channels on the cell surface with glycosidase to remove sialic acids also results in the faster degradation of internalized channels. 27377235 0 41 theme voltage-gated 32:44 arg1 channel 56:62 Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel 26:62 Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel 26:62 N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel facilitates cell surface expression and enhances the stability of internalized channels. 27377235 1 42 theme similar 331:337 arg1 cells 325:329 COS-7 cells 319:329 COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons 319:394 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 0 43 gly glycosylation 9:21 arg1 channel 56:62 Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel 26:62 Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel 26:62 N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel facilitates cell surface expression and enhances the stability of internalized channels. 27377235 6 44 theme cultured 1073:1080 arg1 neurons 1094:1100 cultured hippocampal neurons 1073:1100 cultured hippocampal neurons 1073:1100 Studies in cultured hippocampal neurons and the COS-7 cell line demonstrate important roles for N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 channels in forward trafficking and protein degradation. 27377235 3 45 theme mutant 677:682 arg1 channels 684:691 mutant channels 677:691 mutant channels 677:691 Although both wild-type and non-glycosylated mutant Kv1.2 channels that have reached the cell membrane are internalized at a comparable rate, mutant channels are degraded at a faster rate. 27377235 0 46 theme channel 56:62 arg1 glycosylation 9:21 N-linked glycosylation 0:21 N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel 0:62 N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel facilitates cell surface expression and enhances the stability of internalized channels. 27377235 1 47 theme endogenous 342:351 arg1 glycosylation 359:371 endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation 342:371 endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons 342:394 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 7 48 theme channels 1348:1355 arg1 expression 1330:1339 cell surface expression 1317:1339 cell surface expression of the channels 1317:1355 Kv1.2 channels can contain complex N-linked glycans, which facilitate cell surface expression of the channels. 27377235 3 49 theme faster 711:716 arg1 rate 718:721 a faster rate 709:721 a faster rate 709:721 Although both wild-type and non-glycosylated mutant Kv1.2 channels that have reached the cell membrane are internalized at a comparable rate, mutant channels are degraded at a faster rate. 27377235 8 50 theme internalized 1502:1513 arg1 channels 1515:1522 internalized channels 1502:1522 internalized channels 1502:1522 Additionally, the protein stability of cell surface-expressed Kv1.2 channels is affected by glycosylation via differences in the degradation of internalized channels. 27377235 6 51 theme N-linked 1158:1165 arg1 glycosylation 1167:1179 N-linked glycosylation 1158:1179 N-linked glycosylation 1158:1179 Studies in cultured hippocampal neurons and the COS-7 cell line demonstrate important roles for N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 channels in forward trafficking and protein degradation. 27377235 3 52 theme wild-type 549:557 arg1 channels 593:600 both wild-type and non-glycosylated mutant Kv1.2 channels 544:600 both wild-type and non-glycosylated mutant Kv1.2 channels that have reached the cell membrane 544:636 Although both wild-type and non-glycosylated mutant Kv1.2 channels that have reached the cell membrane are internalized at a comparable rate, mutant channels are degraded at a faster rate. 27377235 9 53 theme present 1529:1535 arg1 study 1537:1541 The present study 1525:1541 The present study 1525:1541 The present study reveals the importance of N-linked complex glycosylation in boosting Kv1.2 channel density. 27377235 1 54 theme first 263:267 arg1 loop 283:286 the first extracellular loop 259:286 the first extracellular loop 259:286 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 5 55 theme cell 1047:1050 arg1 membrane 1052:1059 the cell membrane 1043:1059 the cell membrane 1043:1059 Glycosylation of Kv1.2 is important with respect to facilitating trafficking to the cell membrane and enhancing the stability of channels that have reached the cell membrane. 27377235 7 56 theme surface 1322:1328 arg1 expression 1330:1339 cell surface expression 1317:1339 cell surface expression of the channels 1317:1355 Kv1.2 channels can contain complex N-linked glycans, which facilitate cell surface expression of the channels. 27377235 2 57 theme COS-7 397:401 arg1 cells 403:407 COS-7 cells 397:407 COS-7 cells expressing Kv1.2 397:424 COS-7 cells expressing Kv1.2 show a crucial role of this N-linked glycosylation in the forward trafficking of Kv1.2 to the cell membrane. 27377235 4 58 from Treatment 724:732 arg1 surface 774:780 the cell surface 765:780 the cell surface 765:780 Treatment of wild-type Kv1.2 channels on the cell surface with glycosidase to remove sialic acids also results in the faster degradation of internalized channels. 27377235 10 59 theme sugar 1673:1677 arg1 branches 1679:1686 the terminal sugar branches 1660:1686 the terminal sugar branches 1660:1686 Notably, sialic acids at the terminal sugar branches play an important role in dampening the degradation of Kv1.2 internalized from the cell membrane to promote its stability. 27377235 3 60 theme Kv1.2 587:591 arg1 channels 593:600 both wild-type and non-glycosylated mutant Kv1.2 channels 544:600 both wild-type and non-glycosylated mutant Kv1.2 channels that have reached the cell membrane 544:636 Although both wild-type and non-glycosylated mutant Kv1.2 channels that have reached the cell membrane are internalized at a comparable rate, mutant channels are degraded at a faster rate. 27377235 4 61 with Treatment 724:732 arg1 glycosidase 787:797 glycosidase 787:797 glycosidase 787:797 Treatment of wild-type Kv1.2 channels on the cell surface with glycosidase to remove sialic acids also results in the faster degradation of internalized channels. 27377235 3 62 theme non-glycosylated 563:578 arg1 channels 593:600 both wild-type and non-glycosylated mutant Kv1.2 channels 544:600 both wild-type and non-glycosylated mutant Kv1.2 channels that have reached the cell membrane 544:636 Although both wild-type and non-glycosylated mutant Kv1.2 channels that have reached the cell membrane are internalized at a comparable rate, mutant channels are degraded at a faster rate. 27377235 1 63 gly glycosylation 359:371 arg1 neurons 388:394 hippocampal neurons 376:394 hippocampal neurons 376:394 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 4 64 theme internalized 864:875 arg1 channels 877:884 internalized channels 864:884 internalized channels 864:884 Treatment of wild-type Kv1.2 channels on the cell surface with glycosidase to remove sialic acids also results in the faster degradation of internalized channels. 27377235 10 65 theme important 1696:1704 arg1 role 1706:1709 an important role 1693:1709 an important role 1693:1709 Notably, sialic acids at the terminal sugar branches play an important role in dampening the degradation of Kv1.2 internalized from the cell membrane to promote its stability. 27377235 1 66 from glycosylation 302:314 arg1 cells 325:329 COS-7 cells 319:329 COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons 319:394 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 8 67 from differences 1468:1478 arg1 degradation 1487:1497 the degradation 1483:1497 the degradation of internalized channels 1483:1522 Additionally, the protein stability of cell surface-expressed Kv1.2 channels is affected by glycosylation via differences in the degradation of internalized channels. 27377235 6 68 theme forward 1202:1208 arg1 trafficking 1210:1220 forward trafficking 1202:1220 forward trafficking 1202:1220 Studies in cultured hippocampal neurons and the COS-7 cell line demonstrate important roles for N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 channels in forward trafficking and protein degradation. 27377235 0 69 theme channels 143:150 arg1 stability 117:125 the stability 113:125 the stability of internalized channels 113:150 N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel facilitates cell surface expression and enhances the stability of internalized channels. 27377235 1 70 theme conserved 218:226 arg1 site 251:254 a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site 209:254 a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop 209:286 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 6 71 theme channels 1190:1197 arg1 roles 1148:1152 important roles 1138:1152 important roles for N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 channels 1138:1197 Studies in cultured hippocampal neurons and the COS-7 cell line demonstrate important roles for N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 channels in forward trafficking and protein degradation. 27377235 1 72 theme glycosylation 237:249 arg1 site 251:254 a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site 209:254 a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop 209:286 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 3 73 theme cell 624:627 arg1 membrane 629:636 the cell membrane 620:636 the cell membrane 620:636 Although both wild-type and non-glycosylated mutant Kv1.2 channels that have reached the cell membrane are internalized at a comparable rate, mutant channels are degraded at a faster rate. 27377235 1 74 from site 251:254 arg1 loop 283:286 the first extracellular loop 259:286 the first extracellular loop 259:286 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 9 75 theme complex 1578:1584 arg1 glycosylation 1586:1598 N-linked complex glycosylation 1569:1598 N-linked complex glycosylation 1569:1598 The present study reveals the importance of N-linked complex glycosylation in boosting Kv1.2 channel density. 27377235 4 76 theme wild-type 737:745 arg1 channels 753:760 wild-type Kv1.2 channels 737:760 wild-type Kv1.2 channels 737:760 Treatment of wild-type Kv1.2 channels on the cell surface with glycosidase to remove sialic acids also results in the faster degradation of internalized channels. 27377235 3 77 theme comparable 660:669 arg1 rate 671:674 a comparable rate 658:674 a comparable rate 658:674 Although both wild-type and non-glycosylated mutant Kv1.2 channels that have reached the cell membrane are internalized at a comparable rate, mutant channels are degraded at a faster rate. 27377235 4 78 theme channels 753:760 arg1 Treatment 724:732 Treatment 724:732 Treatment of wild-type Kv1.2 channels on the cell surface with glycosidase to remove sialic acids 724:820 Treatment of wild-type Kv1.2 channels on the cell surface with glycosidase to remove sialic acids also results in the faster degradation of internalized channels. 27377235 0 79 theme surface 81:87 arg1 expression 89:98 cell surface expression 76:98 cell surface expression 76:98 N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel facilitates cell surface expression and enhances the stability of internalized channels. 27377235 9 80 theme Kv1.2 1612:1616 arg1 density 1626:1632 Kv1.2 channel density 1612:1632 Kv1.2 channel density 1612:1632 The present study reveals the importance of N-linked complex glycosylation in boosting Kv1.2 channel density. 27377235 8 81 theme protein 1376:1382 arg1 stability 1384:1392 the protein stability 1372:1392 the protein stability of cell surface-expressed Kv1.2 channels 1372:1433 Additionally, the protein stability of cell surface-expressed Kv1.2 channels is affected by glycosylation via differences in the degradation of internalized channels. 27377235 7 82 theme complex 1274:1280 arg1 glycans 1291:1297 complex N-linked glycans 1274:1297 complex N-linked glycans 1274:1297 Kv1.2 channels can contain complex N-linked glycans, which facilitate cell surface expression of the channels. 27377235 1 83 theme voltage-gated 171:183 arg1 channels 195:202 related voltage-gated potassium channels 163:202 related voltage-gated potassium channels 163:202 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 3 84 gly non-glycosylated 563:578 arg1 channels 593:600 both wild-type and non-glycosylated mutant Kv1.2 channels 544:600 both wild-type and non-glycosylated mutant Kv1.2 channels that have reached the cell membrane 544:636 Although both wild-type and non-glycosylated mutant Kv1.2 channels that have reached the cell membrane are internalized at a comparable rate, mutant channels are degraded at a faster rate. 27377235 1 85 link N-linked 228:235 arg1 site 251:254 a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site 209:254 a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop 209:286 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 8 86 theme surface-expressed 1402:1418 arg1 channels 1426:1433 cell surface-expressed Kv1.2 channels 1397:1433 cell surface-expressed Kv1.2 channels 1397:1433 Additionally, the protein stability of cell surface-expressed Kv1.2 channels is affected by glycosylation via differences in the degradation of internalized channels. 27377235 7 87 theme Kv1.2 1247:1251 arg1 channels 1253:1260 Kv1.2 channels 1247:1260 Kv1.2 channels 1247:1260 Kv1.2 channels can contain complex N-linked glycans, which facilitate cell surface expression of the channels. 27377235 5 88 theme channels 1016:1023 arg1 stability 1003:1011 the stability 999:1011 the stability of channels that have reached the cell membrane 999:1059 Glycosylation of Kv1.2 is important with respect to facilitating trafficking to the cell membrane and enhancing the stability of channels that have reached the cell membrane. 27377235 8 89 theme channels 1426:1433 arg1 stability 1384:1392 the protein stability 1372:1392 the protein stability of cell surface-expressed Kv1.2 channels 1372:1433 Additionally, the protein stability of cell surface-expressed Kv1.2 channels is affected by glycosylation via differences in the degradation of internalized channels. 27377235 10 90 theme Kv1.2 1743:1747 arg1 degradation 1728:1738 the degradation 1724:1738 the degradation of Kv1.2 internalized from the cell membrane to promote its stability 1724:1808 Notably, sialic acids at the terminal sugar branches play an important role in dampening the degradation of Kv1.2 internalized from the cell membrane to promote its stability. 27377235 6 91 theme COS-7 1110:1114 arg1 line 1121:1124 the COS-7 cell line 1106:1124 the COS-7 cell line 1106:1124 Studies in cultured hippocampal neurons and the COS-7 cell line demonstrate important roles for N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 channels in forward trafficking and protein degradation. 27377235 0 92 theme Kv1.2 26:30 arg1 channel 56:62 Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel 26:62 Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel 26:62 N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel facilitates cell surface expression and enhances the stability of internalized channels. 27377235 2 93 gly glycosylation 463:475 arg1 forward 484:490 the forward trafficking 480:502 the forward trafficking of Kv1.2 to the cell membrane 480:532 COS-7 cells expressing Kv1.2 show a crucial role of this N-linked glycosylation in the forward trafficking of Kv1.2 to the cell membrane. 27377235 2 93 gly glycosylation 463:475 arg1 Kv1.2 507:511 Kv1.2 507:511 Kv1.2 507:511 COS-7 cells expressing Kv1.2 show a crucial role of this N-linked glycosylation in the forward trafficking of Kv1.2 to the cell membrane. 27377235 2 94 theme glycosylation 463:475 arg1 role 441:444 a crucial role 431:444 a crucial role of this N-linked glycosylation in the forward trafficking of Kv1.2 to the cell membrane 431:532 COS-7 cells expressing Kv1.2 show a crucial role of this N-linked glycosylation in the forward trafficking of Kv1.2 to the cell membrane. 27377235 10 95 theme cell 1771:1774 arg1 membrane 1776:1783 the cell membrane 1767:1783 the cell membrane 1767:1783 Notably, sialic acids at the terminal sugar branches play an important role in dampening the degradation of Kv1.2 internalized from the cell membrane to promote its stability. 27377235 0 96 theme potassium 46:54 arg1 channel 56:62 Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel 26:62 Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel 26:62 N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel facilitates cell surface expression and enhances the stability of internalized channels. 27377235 6 97 theme hippocampal 1082:1092 arg1 neurons 1094:1100 cultured hippocampal neurons 1073:1100 cultured hippocampal neurons 1073:1100 Studies in cultured hippocampal neurons and the COS-7 cell line demonstrate important roles for N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 channels in forward trafficking and protein degradation. 27377235 2 98 theme Kv1.2 507:511 arg1 trafficking 492:502 the forward trafficking 480:502 the forward trafficking of Kv1.2 to the cell membrane 480:532 COS-7 cells expressing Kv1.2 show a crucial role of this N-linked glycosylation in the forward trafficking of Kv1.2 to the cell membrane. 27377235 1 99 contain have 204:207 arg2 site 251:254 a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site 209:254 a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop 209:286 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 1 99 contain have 204:207 arg1 channels 195:202 related voltage-gated potassium channels 163:202 related voltage-gated potassium channels 163:202 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 1 99 contain have 204:207 arg1 Kv1.2 153:157 Kv1.2 153:157 Kv1.2 153:157 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 1 100 from glycosylation 359:371 arg1 neurons 388:394 hippocampal neurons 376:394 hippocampal neurons 376:394 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 6 101 theme Kv1.2 1184:1188 arg1 channels 1190:1197 Kv1.2 channels 1184:1197 Kv1.2 channels 1184:1197 Studies in cultured hippocampal neurons and the COS-7 cell line demonstrate important roles for N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 channels in forward trafficking and protein degradation. 27377235 7 102 contain contain 1266:1272 arg2 glycans 1291:1297 complex N-linked glycans 1274:1297 complex N-linked glycans 1274:1297 Kv1.2 channels can contain complex N-linked glycans, which facilitate cell surface expression of the channels. 27377235 7 102 contain contain 1266:1272 arg1 channels 1253:1260 Kv1.2 channels 1247:1260 Kv1.2 channels 1247:1260 Kv1.2 channels can contain complex N-linked glycans, which facilitate cell surface expression of the channels. 27377235 1 103 theme Kv1.2 353:357 arg1 glycosylation 359:371 endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation 342:371 endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons 342:394 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 27377235 2 104 link N-linked 454:461 arg1 glycosylation 463:475 this N-linked glycosylation 449:475 this N-linked glycosylation 449:475 COS-7 cells expressing Kv1.2 show a crucial role of this N-linked glycosylation in the forward trafficking of Kv1.2 to the cell membrane. 27377235 6 105 from Studies 1062:1068 arg1 neurons 1094:1100 cultured hippocampal neurons 1073:1100 cultured hippocampal neurons 1073:1100 Studies in cultured hippocampal neurons and the COS-7 cell line demonstrate important roles for N-linked glycosylation of Kv1.2 channels in forward trafficking and protein degradation. 27377235 2 106 from role 441:444 arg1 trafficking 492:502 the forward trafficking 480:502 the forward trafficking of Kv1.2 to the cell membrane 480:532 COS-7 cells expressing Kv1.2 show a crucial role of this N-linked glycosylation in the forward trafficking of Kv1.2 to the cell membrane. 27377235 7 107 theme cell 1317:1320 arg1 expression 1330:1339 cell surface expression 1317:1339 cell surface expression of the channels 1317:1355 Kv1.2 channels can contain complex N-linked glycans, which facilitate cell surface expression of the channels. 27377235 10 108 theme sialic 1644:1649 arg1 acids 1651:1655 sialic acids 1644:1655 sialic acids at the terminal sugar branches 1644:1686 Notably, sialic acids at the terminal sugar branches play an important role in dampening the degradation of Kv1.2 internalized from the cell membrane to promote its stability. 27377235 8 109 theme channels 1515:1522 arg1 degradation 1487:1497 the degradation 1483:1497 the degradation of internalized channels 1483:1522 Additionally, the protein stability of cell surface-expressed Kv1.2 channels is affected by glycosylation via differences in the degradation of internalized channels. 27377235 1 110 theme extracellular 269:281 arg1 loop 283:286 the first extracellular loop 259:286 the first extracellular loop 259:286 Kv1.2 and related voltage-gated potassium channels have a highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop, with complex glycosylation in COS-7 cells similar to endogenous Kv1.2 glycosylation in hippocampal neurons. 26085161 5 0 theme envelope 748:755 arg1 glycosylation 766:778 envelope N-linked glycosylation 748:778 envelope N-linked glycosylation 748:778 In this study, we sought to understand the role of envelope N-linked glycosylation with the hypothesis that this posttranslational modification could either favor BLV infection by allowing viral entry or allow immune escape by using glycans as a shield. 26085161 8 1 with interaction 1261:1271 arg1 receptor 1335:1342 a membrane-associated receptor 1313:1342 a membrane-associated receptor allowing fusion and release of the viral genomic RNA into the cell 1313:1409 IMPORTANCE: Infection by retroviruses requires the interaction of the viral envelope protein (SU) with a membrane-associated receptor allowing fusion and release of the viral genomic RNA into the cell. 26085161 10 2 theme sites 1594:1598 arg1 mutation 1564:1571 mutation 1564:1571 mutation of all glycosylation sites of a BLV provirus 1564:1616 Consistently, mutation of all glycosylation sites of a BLV provirus destroys infectivity in vivo. 26085161 2 3 theme lymphoproliferative 359:377 arg1 disorders 379:387 lymphoproliferative disorders 359:387 lymphoproliferative disorders 359:387 This is exemplified by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) system in which lymphoproliferative disorders develop in ruminants after latency periods of several years. 26085161 6 4 theme provirus 1001:1008 arg1 genetics 965:972 reverse genetics 957:972 reverse genetics of an infectious molecular provirus 957:1008 Using reverse genetics of an infectious molecular provirus, we identified a N-linked envelope glycosylation site (N230) that limits viral replication and pathogenicity. 26085161 5 5 theme N-linked 757:764 arg1 glycosylation 766:778 envelope N-linked glycosylation 748:778 envelope N-linked glycosylation 748:778 In this study, we sought to understand the role of envelope N-linked glycosylation with the hypothesis that this posttranslational modification could either favor BLV infection by allowing viral entry or allow immune escape by using glycans as a shield. 26085161 5 6 theme immune 907:912 arg1 escape 914:919 immune escape 907:919 immune escape 907:919 In this study, we sought to understand the role of envelope N-linked glycosylation with the hypothesis that this posttranslational modification could either favor BLV infection by allowing viral entry or allow immune escape by using glycans as a shield. 26085161 8 7 theme genomic 1385:1391 arg1 RNA 1393:1395 the viral genomic RNA 1375:1395 the viral genomic RNA 1375:1395 IMPORTANCE: Infection by retroviruses requires the interaction of the viral envelope protein (SU) with a membrane-associated receptor allowing fusion and release of the viral genomic RNA into the cell. 26085161 6 8 theme molecular 991:999 arg1 provirus 1001:1008 an infectious molecular provirus 977:1008 an infectious molecular provirus 977:1008 Using reverse genetics of an infectious molecular provirus, we identified a N-linked envelope glycosylation site (N230) that limits viral replication and pathogenicity. 26085161 0 9 theme Leukemia 95:102 arg1 Virus 104:108 Bovine Leukemia Virus 88:108 Bovine Leukemia Virus 88:108 Mutation of a Single Envelope N-Linked Glycosylation Site Enhances the Pathogenicity of Bovine Leukemia Virus. 26085161 9 10 link N-linked 1425:1432 arg1 glycosylation 1434:1446 N-linked glycosylation 1425:1446 N-linked glycosylation of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein 1425:1492 We show that N-linked glycosylation of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein is, as expected, essential for cell infection in vitro. 26085161 2 11 theme bovine 315:320 arg1 BLV 338:340 BLV 338:340 BLV 338:340 This is exemplified by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) system in which lymphoproliferative disorders develop in ruminants after latency periods of several years. 26085161 2 11 theme bovine 315:320 arg1 virus 331:335 bovine leukemia virus 315:335 the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) system in which lymphoproliferative disorders develop in ruminants after latency periods of several years 311:447 This is exemplified by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) system in which lymphoproliferative disorders develop in ruminants after latency periods of several years. 26085161 6 12 theme infectious 980:989 arg1 provirus 1001:1008 an infectious molecular provirus 977:1008 an infectious molecular provirus 977:1008 Using reverse genetics of an infectious molecular provirus, we identified a N-linked envelope glycosylation site (N230) that limits viral replication and pathogenicity. 26085161 0 13 theme Bovine 88:93 arg1 Virus 104:108 Bovine Leukemia Virus 88:108 Bovine Leukemia Virus 88:108 Mutation of a Single Envelope N-Linked Glycosylation Site Enhances the Pathogenicity of Bovine Leukemia Virus. 26085161 10 14 gly glycosylation 1580:1592 arg2 sites 1594:1598 all glycosylation sites 1576:1598 all glycosylation sites of a BLV provirus 1576:1616 Consistently, mutation of all glycosylation sites of a BLV provirus destroys infectivity in vivo. 26085161 10 14 gly glycosylation 1580:1592 arg1 provirus 1609:1616 a BLV provirus 1603:1616 a BLV provirus 1603:1616 Consistently, mutation of all glycosylation sites of a BLV provirus destroys infectivity in vivo. 26085161 10 14 gly glycosylation 1580:1592 arg2 provirus 1609:1616 a BLV provirus 1603:1616 a BLV provirus 1603:1616 Consistently, mutation of all glycosylation sites of a BLV provirus destroys infectivity in vivo. 26085161 6 15 theme viral 1083:1087 arg1 replication 1089:1099 viral replication 1083:1099 viral replication 1083:1099 Using reverse genetics of an infectious molecular provirus, we identified a N-linked envelope glycosylation site (N230) that limits viral replication and pathogenicity. 26085161 9 16 theme leukemia 1462:1469 arg1 virus 1471:1475 bovine leukemia virus 1455:1475 the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein 1451:1492 We show that N-linked glycosylation of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein is, as expected, essential for cell infection in vitro. 26085161 9 16 theme leukemia 1462:1469 arg1 BLV 1478:1480 BLV 1478:1480 BLV 1478:1480 We show that N-linked glycosylation of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein is, as expected, essential for cell infection in vitro. 26085161 9 17 theme N-linked 1425:1432 arg1 glycosylation 1434:1446 N-linked glycosylation 1425:1446 N-linked glycosylation of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein 1425:1492 We show that N-linked glycosylation of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein is, as expected, essential for cell infection in vitro. 26085161 7 18 theme protein 1191:1197 arg1 stability 1199:1207 enhanced fusogenicity and protein stability 1165:1207 enhanced fusogenicity and protein stability 1165:1207 Indeed, mutation N230E unexpectedly leads to enhanced fusogenicity and protein stability. 26085161 6 19 link N-linked 1027:1034 arg1 N230 1065:1068 N230 1065:1068 N230 1065:1068 Using reverse genetics of an infectious molecular provirus, we identified a N-linked envelope glycosylation site (N230) that limits viral replication and pathogenicity. 26085161 6 19 link N-linked 1027:1034 arg1 site 1059:1062 a N-linked envelope glycosylation site 1025:1062 a N-linked envelope glycosylation site (N230) that limits viral replication and pathogenicity 1025:1117 Using reverse genetics of an infectious molecular provirus, we identified a N-linked envelope glycosylation site (N230) that limits viral replication and pathogenicity. 26085161 6 20 theme glycosylation 1045:1057 arg1 N230 1065:1068 N230 1065:1068 N230 1065:1068 Using reverse genetics of an infectious molecular provirus, we identified a N-linked envelope glycosylation site (N230) that limits viral replication and pathogenicity. 26085161 6 20 theme glycosylation 1045:1057 arg1 site 1059:1062 a N-linked envelope glycosylation site 1025:1062 a N-linked envelope glycosylation site (N230) that limits viral replication and pathogenicity 1025:1117 Using reverse genetics of an infectious molecular provirus, we identified a N-linked envelope glycosylation site (N230) that limits viral replication and pathogenicity. 26085161 9 21 theme cell 1525:1528 arg1 infection 1530:1538 cell infection 1525:1538 cell infection 1525:1538 We show that N-linked glycosylation of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein is, as expected, essential for cell infection in vitro. 26085161 10 22 theme provirus 1609:1616 arg1 sites 1594:1598 all glycosylation sites 1576:1598 all glycosylation sites of a BLV provirus 1576:1616 Consistently, mutation of all glycosylation sites of a BLV provirus destroys infectivity in vivo. 26085161 10 22 theme provirus 1609:1616 arg1 provirus 1609:1616 a BLV provirus 1603:1616 a BLV provirus 1603:1616 Consistently, mutation of all glycosylation sites of a BLV provirus destroys infectivity in vivo. 26085161 1 23 theme efficient 160:168 arg1 replication 170:180 efficient replication 160:180 efficient replication 160:180 Viruses have coevolved with their host to ensure efficient replication and transmission without inducing excessive pathogenicity that would indirectly impair their persistence. 26085161 0 24 theme Virus 104:108 arg1 Pathogenicity 71:83 the Pathogenicity 67:83 the Pathogenicity of Bovine Leukemia Virus 67:108 Mutation of a Single Envelope N-Linked Glycosylation Site Enhances the Pathogenicity of Bovine Leukemia Virus. 26085161 5 25 theme glycosylation 766:778 arg1 role 740:743 the role 736:743 the role of envelope N-linked glycosylation with the hypothesis that this posttranslational modification could either favor BLV infection by allowing viral entry or allow immune escape by using glycans as a shield 736:948 In this study, we sought to understand the role of envelope N-linked glycosylation with the hypothesis that this posttranslational modification could either favor BLV infection by allowing viral entry or allow immune escape by using glycans as a shield. 26085161 13 26 theme unexpected 1827:1836 arg1 observation 1838:1848 This unexpected observation 1822:1848 This unexpected observation 1822:1848 This unexpected observation has important consequences in terms of disease control and managing. 26085161 8 27 theme envelope 1286:1293 arg1 SU 1304:1305 SU 1304:1305 SU 1304:1305 IMPORTANCE: Infection by retroviruses requires the interaction of the viral envelope protein (SU) with a membrane-associated receptor allowing fusion and release of the viral genomic RNA into the cell. 26085161 8 27 theme envelope 1286:1293 arg1 protein 1295:1301 viral envelope protein 1280:1301 the viral envelope protein (SU) 1276:1306 IMPORTANCE: Infection by retroviruses requires the interaction of the viral envelope protein (SU) with a membrane-associated receptor allowing fusion and release of the viral genomic RNA into the cell. 26085161 7 28 theme fusogenicity 1174:1185 arg1 stability 1199:1207 enhanced fusogenicity and protein stability 1165:1207 enhanced fusogenicity and protein stability 1165:1207 Indeed, mutation N230E unexpectedly leads to enhanced fusogenicity and protein stability. 26085161 13 29 contain has 1850:1852 arg2 consequences 1864:1875 important consequences 1854:1875 important consequences 1854:1875 This unexpected observation has important consequences in terms of disease control and managing. 26085161 13 29 contain has 1850:1852 arg1 observation 1838:1848 This unexpected observation 1822:1848 This unexpected observation 1822:1848 This unexpected observation has important consequences in terms of disease control and managing. 26085161 8 30 theme viral 1379:1383 arg1 RNA 1393:1395 the viral genomic RNA 1375:1395 the viral genomic RNA 1375:1395 IMPORTANCE: Infection by retroviruses requires the interaction of the viral envelope protein (SU) with a membrane-associated receptor allowing fusion and release of the viral genomic RNA into the cell. 26085161 9 31 theme virus 1471:1475 arg1 protein 1486:1492 the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein 1451:1492 the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein 1451:1492 We show that N-linked glycosylation of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein is, as expected, essential for cell infection in vitro. 26085161 10 32 theme glycosylation 1580:1592 arg1 sites 1594:1598 all glycosylation sites 1576:1598 all glycosylation sites of a BLV provirus 1576:1616 Consistently, mutation of all glycosylation sites of a BLV provirus destroys infectivity in vivo. 26085161 10 32 theme glycosylation 1580:1592 arg1 provirus 1609:1616 a BLV provirus 1603:1616 a BLV provirus 1603:1616 Consistently, mutation of all glycosylation sites of a BLV provirus destroys infectivity in vivo. 26085161 2 33 theme virus 331:335 arg1 system 343:348 the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) system 311:348 the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) system in which lymphoproliferative disorders develop in ruminants after latency periods of several years 311:447 This is exemplified by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) system in which lymphoproliferative disorders develop in ruminants after latency periods of several years. 26085161 5 34 theme viral 886:890 arg1 entry 892:896 viral entry 886:896 viral entry 886:896 In this study, we sought to understand the role of envelope N-linked glycosylation with the hypothesis that this posttranslational modification could either favor BLV infection by allowing viral entry or allow immune escape by using glycans as a shield. 26085161 0 35 theme Single 14:19 arg1 Site 53:56 a Single Envelope N-Linked Glycosylation Site 12:56 a Single Envelope N-Linked Glycosylation Site 12:56 Mutation of a Single Envelope N-Linked Glycosylation Site Enhances the Pathogenicity of Bovine Leukemia Virus. 26085161 6 36 gly glycosylation 1045:1057 arg2 N230 1065:1068 N230 1065:1068 N230 1065:1068 Using reverse genetics of an infectious molecular provirus, we identified a N-linked envelope glycosylation site (N230) that limits viral replication and pathogenicity. 26085161 6 36 gly glycosylation 1045:1057 arg2 site 1059:1062 a N-linked envelope glycosylation site 1025:1062 a N-linked envelope glycosylation site (N230) that limits viral replication and pathogenicity 1025:1117 Using reverse genetics of an infectious molecular provirus, we identified a N-linked envelope glycosylation site (N230) that limits viral replication and pathogenicity. 26085161 12 37 theme particular 1734:1743 arg1 mutation 1745:1752 a particular mutation 1732:1752 a particular mutation at SU codon 230 1732:1768 Instead, a particular mutation at SU codon 230 increases replication and accelerates pathogenesis. 26085161 3 38 theme pathogenic 559:568 arg1 strains 570:576 more pathogenic strains 554:576 more pathogenic strains 554:576 In principle, the equilibrium reached between the virus and its host could be disrupted by emergence of more pathogenic strains. 26085161 2 39 theme years 443:447 arg1 periods 424:430 latency periods 416:430 latency periods of several years 416:447 This is exemplified by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) system in which lymphoproliferative disorders develop in ruminants after latency periods of several years. 26085161 5 40 link N-linked 757:764 arg1 glycosylation 766:778 envelope N-linked glycosylation 748:778 envelope N-linked glycosylation 748:778 In this study, we sought to understand the role of envelope N-linked glycosylation with the hypothesis that this posttranslational modification could either favor BLV infection by allowing viral entry or allow immune escape by using glycans as a shield. 26085161 6 41 theme reverse 957:963 arg1 genetics 965:972 reverse genetics 957:972 reverse genetics of an infectious molecular provirus 957:1008 Using reverse genetics of an infectious molecular provirus, we identified a N-linked envelope glycosylation site (N230) that limits viral replication and pathogenicity. 26085161 13 42 theme disease 1889:1895 arg1 control 1897:1903 disease control 1889:1903 disease control 1889:1903 This unexpected observation has important consequences in terms of disease control and managing. 26085161 3 43 theme strains 570:576 arg1 emergence 541:549 emergence 541:549 emergence of more pathogenic strains 541:576 In principle, the equilibrium reached between the virus and its host could be disrupted by emergence of more pathogenic strains. 26085161 2 44 theme several 435:441 arg1 years 443:447 several years 435:447 several years 435:447 This is exemplified by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) system in which lymphoproliferative disorders develop in ruminants after latency periods of several years. 26085161 0 45 theme N-Linked 30:37 arg1 Site 53:56 a Single Envelope N-Linked Glycosylation Site 12:56 a Single Envelope N-Linked Glycosylation Site 12:56 Mutation of a Single Envelope N-Linked Glycosylation Site Enhances the Pathogenicity of Bovine Leukemia Virus. 26085161 6 46 theme envelope 1036:1043 arg1 N230 1065:1068 N230 1065:1068 N230 1065:1068 Using reverse genetics of an infectious molecular provirus, we identified a N-linked envelope glycosylation site (N230) that limits viral replication and pathogenicity. 26085161 6 46 theme envelope 1036:1043 arg1 site 1059:1062 a N-linked envelope glycosylation site 1025:1062 a N-linked envelope glycosylation site (N230) that limits viral replication and pathogenicity 1025:1117 Using reverse genetics of an infectious molecular provirus, we identified a N-linked envelope glycosylation site (N230) that limits viral replication and pathogenicity. 26085161 9 47 theme bovine 1455:1460 arg1 virus 1471:1475 bovine leukemia virus 1455:1475 the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein 1451:1492 We show that N-linked glycosylation of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein is, as expected, essential for cell infection in vitro. 26085161 9 47 theme bovine 1455:1460 arg1 BLV 1478:1480 BLV 1478:1480 BLV 1478:1480 We show that N-linked glycosylation of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein is, as expected, essential for cell infection in vitro. 26085161 1 48 theme excessive 216:224 arg1 pathogenicity 226:238 excessive pathogenicity 216:238 excessive pathogenicity that would indirectly impair their persistence 216:285 Viruses have coevolved with their host to ensure efficient replication and transmission without inducing excessive pathogenicity that would indirectly impair their persistence. 26085161 2 49 theme latency 416:422 arg1 periods 424:430 latency periods 416:430 latency periods of several years 416:447 This is exemplified by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) system in which lymphoproliferative disorders develop in ruminants after latency periods of several years. 26085161 0 50 theme Envelope 21:28 arg1 Site 53:56 a Single Envelope N-Linked Glycosylation Site 12:56 a Single Envelope N-Linked Glycosylation Site 12:56 Mutation of a Single Envelope N-Linked Glycosylation Site Enhances the Pathogenicity of Bovine Leukemia Virus. 26085161 8 51 theme protein 1295:1301 arg1 interaction 1261:1271 the interaction 1257:1271 the interaction of the viral envelope protein (SU) with a membrane-associated receptor allowing fusion and release of the viral genomic RNA into the cell 1257:1409 IMPORTANCE: Infection by retroviruses requires the interaction of the viral envelope protein (SU) with a membrane-associated receptor allowing fusion and release of the viral genomic RNA into the cell. 26085161 5 52 theme posttranslational 810:826 arg1 modification 828:839 this posttranslational modification 805:839 this posttranslational modification 805:839 In this study, we sought to understand the role of envelope N-linked glycosylation with the hypothesis that this posttranslational modification could either favor BLV infection by allowing viral entry or allow immune escape by using glycans as a shield. 26085161 5 53 theme BLV 860:862 arg1 infection 864:872 BLV infection 860:872 BLV infection 860:872 In this study, we sought to understand the role of envelope N-linked glycosylation with the hypothesis that this posttranslational modification could either favor BLV infection by allowing viral entry or allow immune escape by using glycans as a shield. 26085161 0 54 theme Site 53:56 arg1 Mutation 0:7 Mutation 0:7 Mutation of a Single Envelope N-Linked Glycosylation Site 0:56 Mutation of a Single Envelope N-Linked Glycosylation Site Enhances the Pathogenicity of Bovine Leukemia Virus. 26085161 10 55 theme BLV 1605:1607 arg1 provirus 1609:1616 a BLV provirus 1603:1616 a BLV provirus 1603:1616 Consistently, mutation of all glycosylation sites of a BLV provirus destroys infectivity in vivo. 26085161 9 56 gly glycosylation 1434:1446 arg1 cell 1525:1528 cell infection 1525:1538 cell infection 1525:1538 We show that N-linked glycosylation of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein is, as expected, essential for cell infection in vitro. 26085161 9 56 gly glycosylation 1434:1446 arg1 protein 1486:1492 the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein 1451:1492 the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein 1451:1492 We show that N-linked glycosylation of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein is, as expected, essential for cell infection in vitro. 26085161 11 57 theme single 1657:1662 arg1 mutations 1664:1672 single mutations 1657:1672 single mutations 1657:1672 However, single mutations do not significantly modify replication in vivo. 26085161 0 58 theme Glycosylation 39:51 arg1 Site 53:56 a Single Envelope N-Linked Glycosylation Site 12:56 a Single Envelope N-Linked Glycosylation Site 12:56 Mutation of a Single Envelope N-Linked Glycosylation Site Enhances the Pathogenicity of Bovine Leukemia Virus. 26085161 5 59 dep a 941:941 arg1 shield 943:948 shield 943:948 shield 943:948 In this study, we sought to understand the role of envelope N-linked glycosylation with the hypothesis that this posttranslational modification could either favor BLV infection by allowing viral entry or allow immune escape by using glycans as a shield. 26085161 9 60 theme SU 1483:1484 arg1 protein 1486:1492 the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein 1451:1492 the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein 1451:1492 We show that N-linked glycosylation of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein is, as expected, essential for cell infection in vitro. 26085161 13 61 theme control 1897:1903 arg1 terms 1880:1884 terms 1880:1884 terms of disease control and managing 1880:1916 This unexpected observation has important consequences in terms of disease control and managing. 26085161 9 62 theme protein 1486:1492 arg1 glycosylation 1434:1446 N-linked glycosylation 1425:1446 N-linked glycosylation of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein 1425:1492 We show that N-linked glycosylation of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) SU protein is, as expected, essential for cell infection in vitro. 26085161 2 63 theme leukemia 322:329 arg1 BLV 338:340 BLV 338:340 BLV 338:340 This is exemplified by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) system in which lymphoproliferative disorders develop in ruminants after latency periods of several years. 26085161 2 63 theme leukemia 322:329 arg1 virus 331:335 bovine leukemia virus 315:335 the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) system in which lymphoproliferative disorders develop in ruminants after latency periods of several years 311:447 This is exemplified by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) system in which lymphoproliferative disorders develop in ruminants after latency periods of several years. 26085161 4 64 theme hyperpathogenic 616:630 arg1 strain 636:641 such a hyperpathogenic BLV strain 609:641 such a hyperpathogenic BLV strain 609:641 Intriguingly but fortunately, such a hyperpathogenic BLV strain was never observed in the field or designed in vitro. 26085161 4 65 located observed 653:660 arg2 strain 636:641 such a hyperpathogenic BLV strain 609:641 such a hyperpathogenic BLV strain 609:641 Intriguingly but fortunately, such a hyperpathogenic BLV strain was never observed in the field or designed in vitro. 26085161 4 65 located observed 653:660 arg1 field 669:673 the field 665:673 the field 665:673 Intriguingly but fortunately, such a hyperpathogenic BLV strain was never observed in the field or designed in vitro. 26085161 12 66 theme SU 1757:1758 arg1 codon 1760:1764 SU codon 230 1757:1768 SU codon 230 1757:1768 Instead, a particular mutation at SU codon 230 increases replication and accelerates pathogenesis. 26085161 13 67 theme managing 1909:1916 arg1 terms 1880:1884 terms 1880:1884 terms of disease control and managing 1880:1916 This unexpected observation has important consequences in terms of disease control and managing. 26085161 13 68 theme important 1854:1862 arg1 consequences 1864:1875 important consequences 1854:1875 important consequences 1854:1875 This unexpected observation has important consequences in terms of disease control and managing. 26085161 6 69 theme N-linked 1027:1034 arg1 N230 1065:1068 N230 1065:1068 N230 1065:1068 Using reverse genetics of an infectious molecular provirus, we identified a N-linked envelope glycosylation site (N230) that limits viral replication and pathogenicity. 26085161 6 69 theme N-linked 1027:1034 arg1 site 1059:1062 a N-linked envelope glycosylation site 1025:1062 a N-linked envelope glycosylation site (N230) that limits viral replication and pathogenicity 1025:1117 Using reverse genetics of an infectious molecular provirus, we identified a N-linked envelope glycosylation site (N230) that limits viral replication and pathogenicity. 26085161 5 70 with role 740:743 arg1 hypothesis 789:798 the hypothesis that this posttranslational modification could either favor BLV infection by allowing viral entry or allow immune escape by using glycans as a shield 785:948 the hypothesis that this posttranslational modification could either favor BLV infection by allowing viral entry or allow immune escape by using glycans as a shield 785:948 In this study, we sought to understand the role of envelope N-linked glycosylation with the hypothesis that this posttranslational modification could either favor BLV infection by allowing viral entry or allow immune escape by using glycans as a shield. 26085161 8 71 theme viral 1280:1284 arg1 SU 1304:1305 SU 1304:1305 SU 1304:1305 IMPORTANCE: Infection by retroviruses requires the interaction of the viral envelope protein (SU) with a membrane-associated receptor allowing fusion and release of the viral genomic RNA into the cell. 26085161 8 71 theme viral 1280:1284 arg1 protein 1295:1301 viral envelope protein 1280:1301 the viral envelope protein (SU) 1276:1306 IMPORTANCE: Infection by retroviruses requires the interaction of the viral envelope protein (SU) with a membrane-associated receptor allowing fusion and release of the viral genomic RNA into the cell. 26085161 8 72 theme membrane-associated 1315:1333 arg1 receptor 1335:1342 a membrane-associated receptor 1313:1342 a membrane-associated receptor allowing fusion and release of the viral genomic RNA into the cell 1313:1409 IMPORTANCE: Infection by retroviruses requires the interaction of the viral envelope protein (SU) with a membrane-associated receptor allowing fusion and release of the viral genomic RNA into the cell. 26085161 8 73 theme RNA 1393:1395 arg1 release 1364:1370 release 1364:1370 release 1364:1370 IMPORTANCE: Infection by retroviruses requires the interaction of the viral envelope protein (SU) with a membrane-associated receptor allowing fusion and release of the viral genomic RNA into the cell. 26085161 8 73 theme RNA 1393:1395 arg1 fusion 1353:1358 fusion 1353:1358 fusion 1353:1358 IMPORTANCE: Infection by retroviruses requires the interaction of the viral envelope protein (SU) with a membrane-associated receptor allowing fusion and release of the viral genomic RNA into the cell. 26085161 7 74 theme mutation 1128:1135 arg1 N230E 1137:1141 mutation N230E 1128:1141 mutation N230E 1128:1141 Indeed, mutation N230E unexpectedly leads to enhanced fusogenicity and protein stability. 26085161 7 75 theme enhanced 1165:1172 arg1 stability 1199:1207 enhanced fusogenicity and protein stability 1165:1207 enhanced fusogenicity and protein stability 1165:1207 Indeed, mutation N230E unexpectedly leads to enhanced fusogenicity and protein stability. 26085161 12 76 from codon 1760:1764 arg1 mutation 1745:1752 a particular mutation 1732:1752 a particular mutation at SU codon 230 1732:1768 Instead, a particular mutation at SU codon 230 increases replication and accelerates pathogenesis. 26085161 4 77 theme BLV 632:634 arg1 strain 636:641 such a hyperpathogenic BLV strain 609:641 such a hyperpathogenic BLV strain 609:641 Intriguingly but fortunately, such a hyperpathogenic BLV strain was never observed in the field or designed in vitro. 27480168 2 0 theme protein 450:456 arg1 loop 438:441 the first extracellular loop 414:441 the first extracellular loop of the protein 414:456 Previous work, and in silico prediction, suggest that hENT1 is glycosylated at Asn(48) in the first extracellular loop of the protein and that glycosylation plays a role in correct localization and function of hENT1. 27480168 6 1 theme 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg 1162:1177 arg1 protein 1179:1185 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein 1162:1185 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein 1162:1185 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 6 1 theme 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg 1162:1177 arg1 Bmax 1156:1159 wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax 1141:1159 wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax 1141:1159 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 7 2 dep 3xFLAG-ENT1 1386:1396 arg1 protein 1513:1519 mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein 1476:1519 mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein 1476:1519 Although present at the membrane, chloroadenosine transport assays suggest that N48Q-hENT1 is non-functional (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1, 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1, 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein; mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein). 27480168 7 2 dep 3xFLAG-ENT1 1386:1396 arg1 N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 1429:1444 N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 1429:1444 N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 1429:1444 Although present at the membrane, chloroadenosine transport assays suggest that N48Q-hENT1 is non-functional (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1, 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1, 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein; mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein). 27480168 6 3 theme plasma 1000:1005 arg1 membrane 1007:1014 the plasma membrane 996:1014 the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells 996:1030 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 5 4 link N-linked 936:943 arg1 site 959:962 a single N-linked glycosylation site 927:962 a single N-linked glycosylation site 927:962 Substitution of N48 prevents hENT1 glycosylation, confirming a single N-linked glycosylation site. 27480168 6 5 from membrane 1007:1014 arg1 cells 1026:1030 HEK293 cells 1019:1030 HEK293 cells 1019:1030 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 8 6 theme wt 1618:1619 arg1 hENT1 1621:1625 wt hENT1 1618:1625 wt hENT1 1618:1625 Co-immunoprecipitation analyses suggest that N48Q ENT1 is unable to interact with self or with wt hENT1. 27480168 2 7 theme in 343:344 arg1 prediction 353:362 in silico prediction 343:362 in silico prediction 343:362 Previous work, and in silico prediction, suggest that hENT1 is glycosylated at Asn(48) in the first extracellular loop of the protein and that glycosylation plays a role in correct localization and function of hENT1. 27480168 3 8 gly glycosylation 609:621 arg2 sites 623:627 potential glycosylation sites 599:627 potential glycosylation sites 599:627 Site-directed mutagenesis of wild-type (wt) hENT1 removed potential glycosylation sites. 27480168 2 9 gly glycosylated 387:398 arg1 hENT1 378:382 hENT1 378:382 hENT1 378:382 Previous work, and in silico prediction, suggest that hENT1 is glycosylated at Asn(48) in the first extracellular loop of the protein and that glycosylation plays a role in correct localization and function of hENT1. 27480168 2 9 gly glycosylated 387:398 arg2 48 407:408 48 407:408 48 407:408 Previous work, and in silico prediction, suggest that hENT1 is glycosylated at Asn(48) in the first extracellular loop of the protein and that glycosylation plays a role in correct localization and function of hENT1. 27480168 2 9 gly glycosylated 387:398 arg2 Asn 403:405 Asn 403:405 Asn(48) 403:409 Previous work, and in silico prediction, suggest that hENT1 is glycosylated at Asn(48) in the first extracellular loop of the protein and that glycosylation plays a role in correct localization and function of hENT1. 27480168 2 9 gly glycosylated 387:398 arg1 loop 438:441 the first extracellular loop 414:441 the first extracellular loop of the protein 414:456 Previous work, and in silico prediction, suggest that hENT1 is glycosylated at Asn(48) in the first extracellular loop of the protein and that glycosylation plays a role in correct localization and function of hENT1. 27480168 2 9 gly glycosylated 387:398 arg2 hENT1 378:382 hENT1 378:382 hENT1 378:382 Previous work, and in silico prediction, suggest that hENT1 is glycosylated at Asn(48) in the first extracellular loop of the protein and that glycosylation plays a role in correct localization and function of hENT1. 27480168 4 10 theme cell 751:754 arg1 lysates 756:762 cell lysates 751:762 cell lysates 751:762 Constructs (wt 3xFLAG-hENT1, N48Q-3xFLAG-hENT1 or N288Q-3xFLAG-hENT2) were transiently transfected into HEK293 cells and cell lysates were treated with or without peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase-F), followed by immunoblotting analysis. 27480168 7 11 theme transport 1323:1331 arg1 assays 1333:1338 chloroadenosine transport assays 1307:1338 chloroadenosine transport assays 1307:1338 Although present at the membrane, chloroadenosine transport assays suggest that N48Q-hENT1 is non-functional (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1, 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1, 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein; mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein). 27480168 6 12 theme 3xFLAG-ENT1 1144:1154 arg1 protein 1179:1185 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein 1162:1185 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein 1162:1185 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 6 12 theme 3xFLAG-ENT1 1144:1154 arg1 protein 1229:1235 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein 1211:1235 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein 1211:1235 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 6 12 theme 3xFLAG-ENT1 1144:1154 arg1 Bmax 1156:1159 wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax 1141:1159 wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax 1141:1159 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 9 13 theme hENT1 1751:1755 arg1 oligomerization 1732:1746 oligomerization 1732:1746 oligomerization 1732:1746 Based on these data we propose that glycosylation at N48 is critical for the localization, function and oligomerization of hENT1. 27480168 9 13 theme hENT1 1751:1755 arg1 function 1719:1726 function 1719:1726 function 1719:1726 Based on these data we propose that glycosylation at N48 is critical for the localization, function and oligomerization of hENT1. 27480168 9 13 theme hENT1 1751:1755 arg1 localization 1705:1716 localization 1705:1716 localization 1705:1716 Based on these data we propose that glycosylation at N48 is critical for the localization, function and oligomerization of hENT1. 27480168 2 14 dep in 343:344 arg1 silico 346:351 silico 346:351 silico 346:351 Previous work, and in silico prediction, suggest that hENT1 is glycosylated at Asn(48) in the first extracellular loop of the protein and that glycosylation plays a role in correct localization and function of hENT1. 27480168 6 15 theme 4-nitrobenzyl 1087:1099 arg1 NBTI 1117:1120 NBTI 1117:1120 NBTI 1117:1120 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 6 15 theme 4-nitrobenzyl 1087:1099 arg1 -6-thioinosine 1101:1114 S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine 1084:1114 S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy 1084:1270 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 6 16 theme immunofluorescence 1242:1259 arg1 microscopy 1261:1270 immunofluorescence microscopy 1242:1270 immunofluorescence microscopy 1242:1270 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 0 17 link N-linked 0:7 arg1 glycosylation 9:21 N-linked glycosylation 0:21 N-linked glycosylation of N48 0:28 N-linked glycosylation of N48 is required for equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) function. 27480168 6 18 located found 987:991 arg2 protein 976:982 N48Q-hENT1 protein 965:982 N48Q-hENT1 protein 965:982 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 6 18 located found 987:991 arg1 membrane 1007:1014 the plasma membrane 996:1014 the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells 996:1030 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 6 19 dep analysis 1131:1138 arg1 protein 1179:1185 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein 1162:1185 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein 1162:1185 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 6 19 dep analysis 1131:1138 arg1 protein 1229:1235 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein 1211:1235 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein 1211:1235 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 6 19 dep analysis 1131:1138 arg1 Bmax 1156:1159 wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax 1141:1159 wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax 1141:1159 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 4 20 theme peptide-N-glycosidase 793:813 arg1 F 815:815 peptide-N-glycosidase F 793:815 peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase-F) 793:826 Constructs (wt 3xFLAG-hENT1, N48Q-3xFLAG-hENT1 or N288Q-3xFLAG-hENT2) were transiently transfected into HEK293 cells and cell lysates were treated with or without peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase-F), followed by immunoblotting analysis. 27480168 4 20 theme peptide-N-glycosidase 793:813 arg1 PNGase-F 818:825 PNGase-F 818:825 PNGase-F 818:825 Constructs (wt 3xFLAG-hENT1, N48Q-3xFLAG-hENT1 or N288Q-3xFLAG-hENT2) were transiently transfected into HEK293 cells and cell lysates were treated with or without peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase-F), followed by immunoblotting analysis. 27480168 5 21 gly glycosylation 945:957 arg2 site 959:962 a single N-linked glycosylation site 927:962 a single N-linked glycosylation site 927:962 Substitution of N48 prevents hENT1 glycosylation, confirming a single N-linked glycosylation site. 27480168 5 22 theme hENT1 895:899 arg1 glycosylation 901:913 hENT1 glycosylation 895:913 hENT1 glycosylation 895:913 Substitution of N48 prevents hENT1 glycosylation, confirming a single N-linked glycosylation site. 27480168 9 23 gly glycosylation 1664:1676 arg1 hENT1 1751:1755 hENT1 1751:1755 hENT1 1751:1755 Based on these data we propose that glycosylation at N48 is critical for the localization, function and oligomerization of hENT1. 27480168 9 23 gly glycosylation 1664:1676 arg2 N48 1681:1683 N48 1681:1683 N48 1681:1683 Based on these data we propose that glycosylation at N48 is critical for the localization, function and oligomerization of hENT1. 27480168 9 23 gly glycosylation 1664:1676 arg1 N48 1681:1683 N48 1681:1683 N48 1681:1683 Based on these data we propose that glycosylation at N48 is critical for the localization, function and oligomerization of hENT1. 27480168 9 24 from N48 1681:1683 arg1 glycosylation 1664:1676 glycosylation 1664:1676 glycosylation at N48 1664:1683 Based on these data we propose that glycosylation at N48 is critical for the localization, function and oligomerization of hENT1. 27480168 7 25 theme 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg 1447:1465 arg1 3xFLAG-ENT1 1386:1396 wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 1383:1396 wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 1383:1396 Although present at the membrane, chloroadenosine transport assays suggest that N48Q-hENT1 is non-functional (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1, 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1, 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein; mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein). 27480168 7 25 theme 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg 1447:1465 arg1 protein 1467:1473 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein 1447:1473 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein 1447:1473 Although present at the membrane, chloroadenosine transport assays suggest that N48Q-hENT1 is non-functional (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1, 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1, 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein; mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein). 27480168 4 26 dep treated 769:775 arg1 followed 829:836 followed 829:836 followed by immunoblotting analysis 829:863 Constructs (wt 3xFLAG-hENT1, N48Q-3xFLAG-hENT1 or N288Q-3xFLAG-hENT2) were transiently transfected into HEK293 cells and cell lysates were treated with or without peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase-F), followed by immunoblotting analysis. 27480168 7 27 theme 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg 1493:1511 arg1 protein 1513:1519 mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein 1476:1519 mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein 1476:1519 Although present at the membrane, chloroadenosine transport assays suggest that N48Q-hENT1 is non-functional (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1, 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1, 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein; mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein). 27480168 5 28 theme single 929:934 arg1 site 959:962 a single N-linked glycosylation site 927:962 a single N-linked glycosylation site 927:962 Substitution of N48 prevents hENT1 glycosylation, confirming a single N-linked glycosylation site. 27480168 4 29 theme wt 642:643 arg1 Constructs 630:639 Constructs 630:639 Constructs (wt 3xFLAG-hENT1, N48Q-3xFLAG-hENT1 or N288Q-3xFLAG-hENT2) 630:698 Constructs (wt 3xFLAG-hENT1, N48Q-3xFLAG-hENT1 or N288Q-3xFLAG-hENT2) were transiently transfected into HEK293 cells and cell lysates were treated with or without peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase-F), followed by immunoblotting analysis. 27480168 4 29 theme wt 642:643 arg1 3xFLAG-hENT1 645:656 wt 3xFLAG-hENT1 642:656 wt 3xFLAG-hENT1 642:656 Constructs (wt 3xFLAG-hENT1, N48Q-3xFLAG-hENT1 or N288Q-3xFLAG-hENT2) were transiently transfected into HEK293 cells and cell lysates were treated with or without peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase-F), followed by immunoblotting analysis. 27480168 0 30 theme N-linked 0:7 arg1 glycosylation 9:21 N-linked glycosylation 0:21 N-linked glycosylation of N48 0:28 N-linked glycosylation of N48 is required for equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) function. 27480168 1 31 theme many 269:272 arg1 drugs 317:321 many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs 269:321 many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs 269:321 Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) transports nucleosides and nucleoside analogue drugs across cellular membranes and is necessary for the uptake of many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs. 27480168 7 32 dep non-functional 1367:1380 arg1 protein 1467:1473 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein 1447:1473 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein 1447:1473 Although present at the membrane, chloroadenosine transport assays suggest that N48Q-hENT1 is non-functional (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1, 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1, 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein; mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein). 27480168 7 32 dep non-functional 1367:1380 arg1 3xFLAG-ENT1 1386:1396 wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 1383:1396 wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 1383:1396 Although present at the membrane, chloroadenosine transport assays suggest that N48Q-hENT1 is non-functional (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1, 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1, 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein; mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein). 27480168 7 32 dep non-functional 1367:1380 arg1 protein 1420:1426 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein 1399:1426 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein 1399:1426 Although present at the membrane, chloroadenosine transport assays suggest that N48Q-hENT1 is non-functional (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1, 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1, 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein; mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein). 27480168 5 33 theme N-linked 936:943 arg1 site 959:962 a single N-linked glycosylation site 927:962 a single N-linked glycosylation site 927:962 Substitution of N48 prevents hENT1 glycosylation, confirming a single N-linked glycosylation site. 27480168 1 34 theme nucleoside 182:191 arg1 drugs 202:206 nucleoside analogue drugs 182:206 nucleoside analogue drugs 182:206 Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) transports nucleosides and nucleoside analogue drugs across cellular membranes and is necessary for the uptake of many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs. 27480168 0 35 theme N48 26:28 arg1 glycosylation 9:21 N-linked glycosylation 0:21 N-linked glycosylation of N48 0:28 N-linked glycosylation of N48 is required for equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) function. 27480168 1 36 theme anti-cancer 274:284 arg1 drugs 317:321 many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs 269:321 many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs 269:321 Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) transports nucleosides and nucleoside analogue drugs across cellular membranes and is necessary for the uptake of many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs. 27480168 7 37 theme wt 1383:1384 arg1 protein 1467:1473 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein 1447:1473 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein 1447:1473 Although present at the membrane, chloroadenosine transport assays suggest that N48Q-hENT1 is non-functional (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1, 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1, 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein; mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein). 27480168 7 37 theme wt 1383:1384 arg1 3xFLAG-ENT1 1386:1396 wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 1383:1396 wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 1383:1396 Although present at the membrane, chloroadenosine transport assays suggest that N48Q-hENT1 is non-functional (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1, 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1, 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein; mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein). 27480168 7 37 theme wt 1383:1384 arg1 protein 1420:1426 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein 1399:1426 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein 1399:1426 Although present at the membrane, chloroadenosine transport assays suggest that N48Q-hENT1 is non-functional (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1, 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1, 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein; mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein). 27480168 5 38 theme glycosylation 945:957 arg1 site 959:962 a single N-linked glycosylation site 927:962 a single N-linked glycosylation site 927:962 Substitution of N48 prevents hENT1 glycosylation, confirming a single N-linked glycosylation site. 27480168 1 39 theme analogue 193:200 arg1 drugs 202:206 nucleoside analogue drugs 182:206 nucleoside analogue drugs 182:206 Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) transports nucleosides and nucleoside analogue drugs across cellular membranes and is necessary for the uptake of many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs. 27480168 6 40 theme N48Q-hENT1 965:974 arg1 protein 976:982 N48Q-hENT1 protein 965:982 N48Q-hENT1 protein 965:982 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 6 41 theme wt 1141:1142 arg1 protein 1179:1185 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein 1162:1185 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein 1162:1185 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 6 41 theme wt 1141:1142 arg1 protein 1229:1235 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein 1211:1235 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein 1211:1235 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 6 41 theme wt 1141:1142 arg1 Bmax 1156:1159 wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax 1141:1159 wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax 1141:1159 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 3 42 theme glycosylation 609:621 arg1 sites 623:627 potential glycosylation sites 599:627 potential glycosylation sites 599:627 Site-directed mutagenesis of wild-type (wt) hENT1 removed potential glycosylation sites. 27480168 4 43 theme HEK293 734:739 arg1 cells 741:745 HEK293 cells 734:745 HEK293 cells 734:745 Constructs (wt 3xFLAG-hENT1, N48Q-3xFLAG-hENT1 or N288Q-3xFLAG-hENT2) were transiently transfected into HEK293 cells and cell lysates were treated with or without peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase-F), followed by immunoblotting analysis. 27480168 2 44 theme extracellular 424:436 arg1 loop 438:441 the first extracellular loop 414:441 the first extracellular loop of the protein 414:456 Previous work, and in silico prediction, suggest that hENT1 is glycosylated at Asn(48) in the first extracellular loop of the protein and that glycosylation plays a role in correct localization and function of hENT1. 27480168 6 45 theme lower 1039:1043 arg1 levels 1045:1050 lower levels 1039:1050 lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy 1039:1270 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 1 46 theme anti-parasitic 287:300 arg1 drugs 317:321 many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs 269:321 many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs 269:321 Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) transports nucleosides and nucleoside analogue drugs across cellular membranes and is necessary for the uptake of many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs. 27480168 2 47 theme correct 497:503 arg1 localization 505:516 correct localization 497:516 correct localization 497:516 Previous work, and in silico prediction, suggest that hENT1 is glycosylated at Asn(48) in the first extracellular loop of the protein and that glycosylation plays a role in correct localization and function of hENT1. 27480168 6 48 theme 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg 1211:1227 arg1 protein 1229:1235 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein 1211:1235 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein 1211:1235 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 6 48 theme 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg 1211:1227 arg1 Bmax 1156:1159 wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax 1141:1159 wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax 1141:1159 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 3 49 dep wild-type 570:578 arg1 wt 581:582 wt 581:582 wt 581:582 Site-directed mutagenesis of wild-type (wt) hENT1 removed potential glycosylation sites. 27480168 6 50 dep Bmax 1156:1159 arg1 Bmax 1205:1208 N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax 1188:1208 N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax 1188:1208 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 0 51 gly glycosylation 9:21 arg1 N48 26:28 N48 26:28 N48 26:28 N-linked glycosylation of N48 is required for equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) function. 27480168 0 51 gly glycosylation 9:21 arg1 transporter 71:81 equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 46:83 equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) function 46:99 N-linked glycosylation of N48 is required for equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) function. 27480168 0 51 gly glycosylation 9:21 arg1 ENT1 86:89 ENT1 86:89 ENT1 86:89 N-linked glycosylation of N48 is required for equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) function. 27480168 1 52 theme cellular 215:222 arg1 membranes 224:232 cellular membranes 215:232 cellular membranes 215:232 Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) transports nucleosides and nucleoside analogue drugs across cellular membranes and is necessary for the uptake of many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs. 27480168 0 53 theme equilibrative 46:58 arg1 transporter 71:81 equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 46:83 equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) function 46:99 N-linked glycosylation of N48 is required for equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) function. 27480168 0 53 theme equilibrative 46:58 arg1 ENT1 86:89 ENT1 86:89 ENT1 86:89 N-linked glycosylation of N48 is required for equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) function. 27480168 1 54 theme anti-viral 306:315 arg1 drugs 317:321 many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs 269:321 many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs 269:321 Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) transports nucleosides and nucleoside analogue drugs across cellular membranes and is necessary for the uptake of many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs. 27480168 3 55 theme potential 599:607 arg1 sites 623:627 potential glycosylation sites 599:627 potential glycosylation sites 599:627 Site-directed mutagenesis of wild-type (wt) hENT1 removed potential glycosylation sites. 27480168 3 56 theme Site-directed 541:553 arg1 mutagenesis 555:565 Site-directed mutagenesis 541:565 Site-directed mutagenesis of wild-type (wt) hENT1 541:589 Site-directed mutagenesis of wild-type (wt) hENT1 removed potential glycosylation sites. 27480168 7 57 theme mock-transfected 1476:1491 arg1 protein 1513:1519 mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein 1476:1519 mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein 1476:1519 Although present at the membrane, chloroadenosine transport assays suggest that N48Q-hENT1 is non-functional (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1, 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1, 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein; mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein). 27480168 1 58 theme Human 102:106 arg1 transporter 133:143 Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 102:145 Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) 102:153 Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) transports nucleosides and nucleoside analogue drugs across cellular membranes and is necessary for the uptake of many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs. 27480168 1 58 theme Human 102:106 arg1 hENT1 148:152 hENT1 148:152 hENT1 148:152 Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) transports nucleosides and nucleoside analogue drugs across cellular membranes and is necessary for the uptake of many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs. 27480168 2 59 theme first 418:422 arg1 loop 438:441 the first extracellular loop 414:441 the first extracellular loop of the protein 414:456 Previous work, and in silico prediction, suggest that hENT1 is glycosylated at Asn(48) in the first extracellular loop of the protein and that glycosylation plays a role in correct localization and function of hENT1. 27480168 1 60 theme drugs 317:321 arg1 uptake 259:264 the uptake 255:264 the uptake of many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs 255:321 Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) transports nucleosides and nucleoside analogue drugs across cellular membranes and is necessary for the uptake of many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs. 27480168 2 61 theme hENT1 534:538 arg1 localization 505:516 correct localization 497:516 correct localization 497:516 Previous work, and in silico prediction, suggest that hENT1 is glycosylated at Asn(48) in the first extracellular loop of the protein and that glycosylation plays a role in correct localization and function of hENT1. 27480168 2 61 theme hENT1 534:538 arg1 function 522:529 function 522:529 function 522:529 Previous work, and in silico prediction, suggest that hENT1 is glycosylated at Asn(48) in the first extracellular loop of the protein and that glycosylation plays a role in correct localization and function of hENT1. 27480168 8 62 theme Co-immunoprecipitation 1523:1544 arg1 analyses 1546:1553 Co-immunoprecipitation analyses 1523:1553 Co-immunoprecipitation analyses 1523:1553 Co-immunoprecipitation analyses suggest that N48Q ENT1 is unable to interact with self or with wt hENT1. 27480168 6 63 theme N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 1188:1203 arg1 Bmax 1205:1208 N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax 1188:1208 N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax 1188:1208 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 7 64 from membrane 1297:1304 arg1 present 1282:1288 present 1282:1288 present 1282:1288 Although present at the membrane, chloroadenosine transport assays suggest that N48Q-hENT1 is non-functional (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1, 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1, 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein; mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein). 27480168 1 65 theme equilibrative 108:120 arg1 transporter 133:143 Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 102:145 Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) 102:153 Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) transports nucleosides and nucleoside analogue drugs across cellular membranes and is necessary for the uptake of many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs. 27480168 1 65 theme equilibrative 108:120 arg1 hENT1 148:152 hENT1 148:152 hENT1 148:152 Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) transports nucleosides and nucleoside analogue drugs across cellular membranes and is necessary for the uptake of many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs. 27480168 3 66 theme wild-type 570:578 arg1 hENT1 585:589 wild-type (wt) hENT1 570:589 wild-type (wt) hENT1 570:589 Site-directed mutagenesis of wild-type (wt) hENT1 removed potential glycosylation sites. 27480168 1 67 theme nucleoside 122:131 arg1 transporter 133:143 Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 102:145 Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) 102:153 Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) transports nucleosides and nucleoside analogue drugs across cellular membranes and is necessary for the uptake of many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs. 27480168 1 67 theme nucleoside 122:131 arg1 hENT1 148:152 hENT1 148:152 hENT1 148:152 Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) transports nucleosides and nucleoside analogue drugs across cellular membranes and is necessary for the uptake of many anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and anti-viral drugs. 27480168 7 68 theme 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg 1399:1418 arg1 3xFLAG-ENT1 1386:1396 wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 1383:1396 wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 1383:1396 Although present at the membrane, chloroadenosine transport assays suggest that N48Q-hENT1 is non-functional (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1, 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1, 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein; mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein). 27480168 7 68 theme 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg 1399:1418 arg1 protein 1420:1426 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein 1399:1426 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein 1399:1426 Although present at the membrane, chloroadenosine transport assays suggest that N48Q-hENT1 is non-functional (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1, 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1, 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein; mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein). 27480168 3 69 theme hENT1 585:589 arg1 mutagenesis 555:565 Site-directed mutagenesis 541:565 Site-directed mutagenesis of wild-type (wt) hENT1 541:589 Site-directed mutagenesis of wild-type (wt) hENT1 removed potential glycosylation sites. 27480168 2 70 theme Previous 324:331 arg1 work 333:336 Previous work 324:336 Previous work 324:336 Previous work, and in silico prediction, suggest that hENT1 is glycosylated at Asn(48) in the first extracellular loop of the protein and that glycosylation plays a role in correct localization and function of hENT1. 27480168 7 71 theme chloroadenosine 1307:1321 arg1 assays 1333:1338 chloroadenosine transport assays 1307:1338 chloroadenosine transport assays 1307:1338 Although present at the membrane, chloroadenosine transport assays suggest that N48Q-hENT1 is non-functional (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1, 170.80±44.01 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1, 57.91±17.06 pmol/mg protein; mock-transfected 74.31±19.65 pmol/mg protein). 27480168 6 72 theme HEK293 1019:1024 arg1 cells 1026:1030 HEK293 cells 1019:1030 HEK293 cells 1019:1030 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 0 73 theme transporter 71:81 arg1 function 92:99 equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) function 46:99 equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) function 46:99 N-linked glycosylation of N48 is required for equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) function. 27480168 6 74 theme S- 1084:1085 arg1 NBTI 1117:1120 NBTI 1117:1120 NBTI 1117:1120 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 6 74 theme S- 1084:1085 arg1 -6-thioinosine 1101:1114 S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine 1084:1114 S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy 1084:1270 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 4 75 dep Constructs 630:639 arg1 N48Q-3xFLAG-hENT1 659:675 N48Q-3xFLAG-hENT1 659:675 N48Q-3xFLAG-hENT1 659:675 Constructs (wt 3xFLAG-hENT1, N48Q-3xFLAG-hENT1 or N288Q-3xFLAG-hENT2) were transiently transfected into HEK293 cells and cell lysates were treated with or without peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase-F), followed by immunoblotting analysis. 27480168 4 75 dep Constructs 630:639 arg1 Constructs 630:639 Constructs 630:639 Constructs (wt 3xFLAG-hENT1, N48Q-3xFLAG-hENT1 or N288Q-3xFLAG-hENT2) 630:698 Constructs (wt 3xFLAG-hENT1, N48Q-3xFLAG-hENT1 or N288Q-3xFLAG-hENT2) were transiently transfected into HEK293 cells and cell lysates were treated with or without peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase-F), followed by immunoblotting analysis. 27480168 4 75 dep Constructs 630:639 arg1 3xFLAG-hENT1 645:656 wt 3xFLAG-hENT1 642:656 wt 3xFLAG-hENT1 642:656 Constructs (wt 3xFLAG-hENT1, N48Q-3xFLAG-hENT1 or N288Q-3xFLAG-hENT2) were transiently transfected into HEK293 cells and cell lysates were treated with or without peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase-F), followed by immunoblotting analysis. 27480168 4 75 dep Constructs 630:639 arg1 N288Q-3xFLAG-hENT2 680:697 N288Q-3xFLAG-hENT2 680:697 N288Q-3xFLAG-hENT2 680:697 Constructs (wt 3xFLAG-hENT1, N48Q-3xFLAG-hENT1 or N288Q-3xFLAG-hENT2) were transiently transfected into HEK293 cells and cell lysates were treated with or without peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase-F), followed by immunoblotting analysis. 27480168 6 76 theme wt 1066:1067 arg1 hENT1 1069:1073 wt hENT1 1066:1073 wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy 1066:1270 N48Q-hENT1 protein is found at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells but at lower levels compared with wt hENT1 based on S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) binding analysis (wt 3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 41.5±2.9 pmol/mg protein; N48Q-3xFLAG-ENT1 Bmax, 13.5±0.45 pmol/mg protein) and immunofluorescence microscopy. 27480168 0 77 theme nucleoside 60:69 arg1 transporter 71:81 equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 46:83 equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) function 46:99 N-linked glycosylation of N48 is required for equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) function. 27480168 0 77 theme nucleoside 60:69 arg1 ENT1 86:89 ENT1 86:89 ENT1 86:89 N-linked glycosylation of N48 is required for equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) function. 27480168 8 78 theme N48Q 1568:1571 arg1 ENT1 1573:1576 N48Q ENT1 1568:1576 N48Q ENT1 1568:1576 Co-immunoprecipitation analyses suggest that N48Q ENT1 is unable to interact with self or with wt hENT1. 27480168 9 79 dep localization 1705:1716 arg1 the 1701:1703 the 1701:1703 the 1701:1703 Based on these data we propose that glycosylation at N48 is critical for the localization, function and oligomerization of hENT1. 27480168 5 80 theme N48 882:884 arg1 Substitution 866:877 Substitution 866:877 Substitution of N48 866:884 Substitution of N48 prevents hENT1 glycosylation, confirming a single N-linked glycosylation site. 26029999 6 0 theme hepatoma 989:996 arg1 growth 1003:1008 hepatoma cell growth 989:1008 hepatoma cell growth 989:1008 However, mutation at glycosylation site Asn548 significantly decreased the ability of CD133 to promote hepatoma cell growth. 26029999 9 1 theme glycosylated 1396:1407 arg1 CD133 1409:1413 glycosylated CD133 1396:1413 glycosylated CD133 1396:1413 These data could potentially shed light on molecular regulation of CD133 by glycosylation and enhance our understanding of the utility of glycosylated CD133 as a target for cancer therapies. 26029999 2 2 theme Y828 347:350 arg1 residue 352:358 its phosphorylated Y828 residue 328:358 its phosphorylated Y828 residue 328:358 CD133 promotes tumorigenesis partly through an interaction between its phosphorylated Y828 residue and the PI3K regulatory subunit p85, and the interaction with β-catenin. 26029999 5 3 theme localization 863:874 arg1 level 831:835 the level 827:835 the level of expression or membrane localization of CD133 827:883 Loss of individual N-glycosylation sites had no effect on the level of expression or membrane localization of CD133. 26029999 1 4 theme popular 146:152 arg1 marker 154:159 a popular marker 144:159 a popular marker for cancer stem cells 144:181 The membrane glycoprotein CD133 is a popular marker for cancer stem cells and contributes to cancer initiation and invasion in a number of tumor types. 26029999 1 4 theme popular 146:152 arg1 CD133 135:139 The membrane glycoprotein CD133 109:139 The membrane glycoprotein CD133 109:139 The membrane glycoprotein CD133 is a popular marker for cancer stem cells and contributes to cancer initiation and invasion in a number of tumor types. 26029999 6 5 theme CD133 972:976 arg1 ability 961:967 the ability 957:967 the ability of CD133 to promote hepatoma cell growth 957:1008 However, mutation at glycosylation site Asn548 significantly decreased the ability of CD133 to promote hepatoma cell growth. 26029999 0 6 theme hepatoma 87:94 arg1 growth 101:106 hepatoma cell growth 87:106 hepatoma cell growth 87:106 Mutation of N-linked glycosylation at Asn548 in CD133 decreases its ability to promote hepatoma cell growth. 26029999 0 7 from Mutation 0:7 arg1 CD133 48:52 CD133 48:52 CD133 48:52 Mutation of N-linked glycosylation at Asn548 in CD133 decreases its ability to promote hepatoma cell growth. 26029999 0 8 link N-linked 12:19 arg1 glycosylation 21:33 N-linked glycosylation 12:33 N-linked glycosylation 12:33 Mutation of N-linked glycosylation at Asn548 in CD133 decreases its ability to promote hepatoma cell growth. 26029999 5 9 theme membrane 854:861 arg1 localization 863:874 membrane localization 854:874 membrane localization of CD133 854:883 Loss of individual N-glycosylation sites had no effect on the level of expression or membrane localization of CD133. 26029999 9 10 theme molecular 1301:1309 arg1 regulation 1311:1320 molecular regulation 1301:1320 molecular regulation of CD133 by glycosylation 1301:1346 These data could potentially shed light on molecular regulation of CD133 by glycosylation and enhance our understanding of the utility of glycosylated CD133 as a target for cancer therapies. 26029999 3 11 theme N-glycosylation 530:544 arg1 contribution 514:525 the contribution 510:525 the contribution of N-glycosylation to its functions 510:561 Although CD133 glycosylation is supposed to be associated with its function, the contribution of N-glycosylation to its functions remains unclear. 26029999 9 12 theme cancer 1431:1436 arg1 therapies 1438:1446 cancer therapies 1431:1446 cancer therapies 1431:1446 These data could potentially shed light on molecular regulation of CD133 by glycosylation and enhance our understanding of the utility of glycosylated CD133 as a target for cancer therapies. 26029999 9 13 theme CD133 1409:1413 arg1 utility 1385:1391 the utility 1381:1391 the utility of glycosylated CD133 1381:1413 These data could potentially shed light on molecular regulation of CD133 by glycosylation and enhance our understanding of the utility of glycosylated CD133 as a target for cancer therapies. 26029999 7 14 theme CD133 1150:1154 arg1 overexpression 1156:1169 CD133 overexpression 1150:1169 CD133 overexpression 1150:1169 Furthermore, mutation of Asn548 reduced the interaction between CD133 and β-catenin and inhibited the activation of β-catenin signaling by CD133 overexpression. 26029999 1 15 theme cancer 165:170 arg1 cells 177:181 cancer stem cells 165:181 cancer stem cells 165:181 The membrane glycoprotein CD133 is a popular marker for cancer stem cells and contributes to cancer initiation and invasion in a number of tumor types. 26029999 8 16 theme glycosylation 1237:1249 arg1 sites 1251:1255 CD133 glycosylation sites 1231:1255 CD133 glycosylation sites 1231:1255 Our results identified the characteristics and function of CD133 glycosylation sites. 26029999 0 17 theme cell 96:99 arg1 growth 101:106 hepatoma cell growth 87:106 hepatoma cell growth 87:106 Mutation of N-linked glycosylation at Asn548 in CD133 decreases its ability to promote hepatoma cell growth. 26029999 0 18 from Asn548 38:43 arg1 Mutation 0:7 Mutation 0:7 Mutation of N-linked glycosylation at Asn548 in CD133 0:52 Mutation of N-linked glycosylation at Asn548 in CD133 decreases its ability to promote hepatoma cell growth. 26029999 6 19 theme cell 998:1001 arg1 growth 1003:1008 hepatoma cell growth 989:1008 hepatoma cell growth 989:1008 However, mutation at glycosylation site Asn548 significantly decreased the ability of CD133 to promote hepatoma cell growth. 26029999 2 20 theme regulatory 373:382 arg1 subunit 384:390 the PI3K regulatory subunit 364:390 the PI3K regulatory subunit p85 364:394 CD133 promotes tumorigenesis partly through an interaction between its phosphorylated Y828 residue and the PI3K regulatory subunit p85, and the interaction with β-catenin. 26029999 8 21 theme sites 1251:1255 arg1 function 1219:1226 function 1219:1226 function 1219:1226 Our results identified the characteristics and function of CD133 glycosylation sites. 26029999 8 21 theme sites 1251:1255 arg1 characteristics 1199:1213 characteristics 1199:1213 characteristics 1199:1213 Our results identified the characteristics and function of CD133 glycosylation sites. 26029999 2 22 theme PI3K 368:371 arg1 subunit 384:390 the PI3K regulatory subunit 364:390 the PI3K regulatory subunit p85 364:394 CD133 promotes tumorigenesis partly through an interaction between its phosphorylated Y828 residue and the PI3K regulatory subunit p85, and the interaction with β-catenin. 26029999 5 23 theme individual 777:786 arg1 sites 804:808 individual N-glycosylation sites 777:808 individual N-glycosylation sites 777:808 Loss of individual N-glycosylation sites had no effect on the level of expression or membrane localization of CD133. 26029999 1 24 theme tumor 248:252 arg1 types 254:258 tumor types 248:258 tumor types 248:258 The membrane glycoprotein CD133 is a popular marker for cancer stem cells and contributes to cancer initiation and invasion in a number of tumor types. 26029999 4 25 theme N-glycosylation 699:713 arg1 CD133 724:728 CD133 724:728 CD133 724:728 Here we analyzed the exact site(s) of N-glycosylation in CD133 by mass spectrometry and found that all eight potential N-glycosylation sites of CD133 could be indeed occupied by N-glycans. 26029999 4 25 theme N-glycosylation 699:713 arg1 sites 715:719 all eight potential N-glycosylation sites 679:719 all eight potential N-glycosylation sites of CD133 679:728 Here we analyzed the exact site(s) of N-glycosylation in CD133 by mass spectrometry and found that all eight potential N-glycosylation sites of CD133 could be indeed occupied by N-glycans. 26029999 1 26 theme stem 172:175 arg1 cells 177:181 cancer stem cells 165:181 cancer stem cells 165:181 The membrane glycoprotein CD133 is a popular marker for cancer stem cells and contributes to cancer initiation and invasion in a number of tumor types. 26029999 0 27 theme glycosylation 21:33 arg1 Mutation 0:7 Mutation 0:7 Mutation of N-linked glycosylation at Asn548 in CD133 0:52 Mutation of N-linked glycosylation at Asn548 in CD133 decreases its ability to promote hepatoma cell growth. 26029999 1 28 theme types 254:258 arg1 number 238:243 a number 236:243 a number of tumor types 236:258 The membrane glycoprotein CD133 is a popular marker for cancer stem cells and contributes to cancer initiation and invasion in a number of tumor types. 26029999 5 29 contain had 810:812 arg1 Loss 769:772 Loss 769:772 Loss of individual N-glycosylation sites 769:808 Loss of individual N-glycosylation sites had no effect on the level of expression or membrane localization of CD133. 26029999 5 29 contain had 810:812 arg2 effect 817:822 no effect 814:822 no effect 814:822 Loss of individual N-glycosylation sites had no effect on the level of expression or membrane localization of CD133. 26029999 4 30 theme CD133 724:728 arg1 CD133 724:728 CD133 724:728 CD133 724:728 Here we analyzed the exact site(s) of N-glycosylation in CD133 by mass spectrometry and found that all eight potential N-glycosylation sites of CD133 could be indeed occupied by N-glycans. 26029999 4 30 theme CD133 724:728 arg1 sites 715:719 all eight potential N-glycosylation sites 679:719 all eight potential N-glycosylation sites of CD133 679:728 Here we analyzed the exact site(s) of N-glycosylation in CD133 by mass spectrometry and found that all eight potential N-glycosylation sites of CD133 could be indeed occupied by N-glycans. 26029999 6 31 gly glycosylation 907:919 arg2 site 921:924 glycosylation site Asn548 907:931 glycosylation site Asn548 907:931 However, mutation at glycosylation site Asn548 significantly decreased the ability of CD133 to promote hepatoma cell growth. 26029999 6 31 gly glycosylation 907:919 arg2 Asn548 926:931 Asn548 926:931 Asn548 926:931 However, mutation at glycosylation site Asn548 significantly decreased the ability of CD133 to promote hepatoma cell growth. 26029999 0 32 theme N-linked 12:19 arg1 glycosylation 21:33 N-linked glycosylation 12:33 N-linked glycosylation 12:33 Mutation of N-linked glycosylation at Asn548 in CD133 decreases its ability to promote hepatoma cell growth. 26029999 2 33 with interaction 308:318 arg1 β-catenin 422:430 β-catenin 422:430 β-catenin 422:430 CD133 promotes tumorigenesis partly through an interaction between its phosphorylated Y828 residue and the PI3K regulatory subunit p85, and the interaction with β-catenin. 26029999 2 34 theme phosphorylated 332:345 arg1 residue 352:358 its phosphorylated Y828 residue 328:358 its phosphorylated Y828 residue 328:358 CD133 promotes tumorigenesis partly through an interaction between its phosphorylated Y828 residue and the PI3K regulatory subunit p85, and the interaction with β-catenin. 26029999 4 35 from s 612:612 arg1 CD133 637:641 CD133 637:641 CD133 637:641 Here we analyzed the exact site(s) of N-glycosylation in CD133 by mass spectrometry and found that all eight potential N-glycosylation sites of CD133 could be indeed occupied by N-glycans. 26029999 7 36 theme β-catenin 1127:1135 arg1 signaling 1137:1145 β-catenin signaling 1127:1145 β-catenin signaling 1127:1145 Furthermore, mutation of Asn548 reduced the interaction between CD133 and β-catenin and inhibited the activation of β-catenin signaling by CD133 overexpression. 26029999 9 37 theme CD133 1325:1329 arg1 regulation 1311:1320 molecular regulation 1301:1320 molecular regulation of CD133 by glycosylation 1301:1346 These data could potentially shed light on molecular regulation of CD133 by glycosylation and enhance our understanding of the utility of glycosylated CD133 as a target for cancer therapies. 26029999 1 38 gly glycoprotein 122:133 arg1 glycoprotein 122:133 The membrane glycoprotein CD133 109:139 The membrane glycoprotein CD133 109:139 The membrane glycoprotein CD133 is a popular marker for cancer stem cells and contributes to cancer initiation and invasion in a number of tumor types. 26029999 8 39 gly glycosylation 1237:1249 arg2 sites 1251:1255 CD133 glycosylation sites 1231:1255 CD133 glycosylation sites 1231:1255 Our results identified the characteristics and function of CD133 glycosylation sites. 26029999 9 40 gly glycosylated 1396:1407 arg1 CD133 1409:1413 glycosylated CD133 1396:1413 glycosylated CD133 1396:1413 These data could potentially shed light on molecular regulation of CD133 by glycosylation and enhance our understanding of the utility of glycosylated CD133 as a target for cancer therapies. 26029999 5 41 theme expression 840:849 arg1 level 831:835 the level 827:835 the level of expression or membrane localization of CD133 827:883 Loss of individual N-glycosylation sites had no effect on the level of expression or membrane localization of CD133. 26029999 7 42 theme signaling 1137:1145 arg1 activation 1113:1122 the activation 1109:1122 the activation of β-catenin signaling by CD133 overexpression 1109:1169 Furthermore, mutation of Asn548 reduced the interaction between CD133 and β-catenin and inhibited the activation of β-catenin signaling by CD133 overexpression. 26029999 7 43 theme Asn548 1036:1041 arg1 mutation 1024:1031 mutation 1024:1031 mutation of Asn548 1024:1041 Furthermore, mutation of Asn548 reduced the interaction between CD133 and β-catenin and inhibited the activation of β-catenin signaling by CD133 overexpression. 26029999 5 44 theme N-glycosylation 788:802 arg1 sites 804:808 individual N-glycosylation sites 777:808 individual N-glycosylation sites 777:808 Loss of individual N-glycosylation sites had no effect on the level of expression or membrane localization of CD133. 26029999 3 45 theme CD133 442:446 arg1 glycosylation 448:460 CD133 glycosylation 442:460 CD133 glycosylation 442:460 Although CD133 glycosylation is supposed to be associated with its function, the contribution of N-glycosylation to its functions remains unclear. 26029999 4 46 gly N-glycosylation 699:713 arg2 eight 683:687 eight 683:687 eight 683:687 Here we analyzed the exact site(s) of N-glycosylation in CD133 by mass spectrometry and found that all eight potential N-glycosylation sites of CD133 could be indeed occupied by N-glycans. 26029999 4 46 gly N-glycosylation 699:713 arg1 CD133 724:728 CD133 724:728 CD133 724:728 Here we analyzed the exact site(s) of N-glycosylation in CD133 by mass spectrometry and found that all eight potential N-glycosylation sites of CD133 could be indeed occupied by N-glycans. 26029999 4 46 gly N-glycosylation 699:713 arg2 CD133 724:728 CD133 724:728 CD133 724:728 Here we analyzed the exact site(s) of N-glycosylation in CD133 by mass spectrometry and found that all eight potential N-glycosylation sites of CD133 could be indeed occupied by N-glycans. 26029999 4 46 gly N-glycosylation 699:713 arg2 sites 715:719 all eight potential N-glycosylation sites 679:719 all eight potential N-glycosylation sites of CD133 679:728 Here we analyzed the exact site(s) of N-glycosylation in CD133 by mass spectrometry and found that all eight potential N-glycosylation sites of CD133 could be indeed occupied by N-glycans. 26029999 2 47 with interaction 405:415 arg1 β-catenin 422:430 β-catenin 422:430 β-catenin 422:430 CD133 promotes tumorigenesis partly through an interaction between its phosphorylated Y828 residue and the PI3K regulatory subunit p85, and the interaction with β-catenin. 26029999 5 48 theme CD133 879:883 arg1 localization 863:874 membrane localization 854:874 membrane localization of CD133 854:883 Loss of individual N-glycosylation sites had no effect on the level of expression or membrane localization of CD133. 26029999 5 48 theme CD133 879:883 arg1 expression 840:849 expression 840:849 expression 840:849 Loss of individual N-glycosylation sites had no effect on the level of expression or membrane localization of CD133. 26029999 8 49 dep characteristics 1199:1213 arg1 the 1195:1197 the 1195:1197 the 1195:1197 Our results identified the characteristics and function of CD133 glycosylation sites. 26029999 1 50 from invasion 224:231 arg1 number 238:243 a number 236:243 a number of tumor types 236:258 The membrane glycoprotein CD133 is a popular marker for cancer stem cells and contributes to cancer initiation and invasion in a number of tumor types. 26029999 5 51 gly N-glycosylation 788:802 arg2 sites 804:808 individual N-glycosylation sites 777:808 individual N-glycosylation sites 777:808 Loss of individual N-glycosylation sites had no effect on the level of expression or membrane localization of CD133. 26029999 9 52 theme utility 1385:1391 arg1 target 1420:1425 a target 1418:1425 a target for cancer therapies 1418:1446 These data could potentially shed light on molecular regulation of CD133 by glycosylation and enhance our understanding of the utility of glycosylated CD133 as a target for cancer therapies. 26029999 9 52 theme utility 1385:1391 arg1 understanding 1364:1376 our understanding 1360:1376 our understanding of the utility of glycosylated CD133 1360:1413 These data could potentially shed light on molecular regulation of CD133 by glycosylation and enhance our understanding of the utility of glycosylated CD133 as a target for cancer therapies. 26029999 6 53 from site 921:924 arg1 mutation 895:902 mutation 895:902 mutation at glycosylation site Asn548 895:931 However, mutation at glycosylation site Asn548 significantly decreased the ability of CD133 to promote hepatoma cell growth. 26029999 1 54 theme membrane 113:120 arg1 marker 154:159 a popular marker 144:159 a popular marker for cancer stem cells 144:181 The membrane glycoprotein CD133 is a popular marker for cancer stem cells and contributes to cancer initiation and invasion in a number of tumor types. 26029999 1 54 theme membrane 113:120 arg1 CD133 135:139 The membrane glycoprotein CD133 109:139 The membrane glycoprotein CD133 109:139 The membrane glycoprotein CD133 is a popular marker for cancer stem cells and contributes to cancer initiation and invasion in a number of tumor types. 26029999 4 55 used occupied 746:753 arg2 CD133 724:728 CD133 724:728 CD133 724:728 Here we analyzed the exact site(s) of N-glycosylation in CD133 by mass spectrometry and found that all eight potential N-glycosylation sites of CD133 could be indeed occupied by N-glycans. 26029999 4 55 used occupied 746:753 arg2 sites 715:719 all eight potential N-glycosylation sites 679:719 all eight potential N-glycosylation sites of CD133 679:728 Here we analyzed the exact site(s) of N-glycosylation in CD133 by mass spectrometry and found that all eight potential N-glycosylation sites of CD133 could be indeed occupied by N-glycans. 26029999 1 56 theme cancer 202:207 arg1 initiation 209:218 cancer initiation 202:218 cancer initiation 202:218 The membrane glycoprotein CD133 is a popular marker for cancer stem cells and contributes to cancer initiation and invasion in a number of tumor types. 26029999 1 57 from initiation 209:218 arg1 number 238:243 a number 236:243 a number of tumor types 236:258 The membrane glycoprotein CD133 is a popular marker for cancer stem cells and contributes to cancer initiation and invasion in a number of tumor types. 26029999 1 58 theme glycoprotein 122:133 arg1 marker 154:159 a popular marker 144:159 a popular marker for cancer stem cells 144:181 The membrane glycoprotein CD133 is a popular marker for cancer stem cells and contributes to cancer initiation and invasion in a number of tumor types. 26029999 1 58 theme glycoprotein 122:133 arg1 CD133 135:139 The membrane glycoprotein CD133 109:139 The membrane glycoprotein CD133 109:139 The membrane glycoprotein CD133 is a popular marker for cancer stem cells and contributes to cancer initiation and invasion in a number of tumor types. 26029999 4 59 theme potential 689:697 arg1 CD133 724:728 CD133 724:728 CD133 724:728 Here we analyzed the exact site(s) of N-glycosylation in CD133 by mass spectrometry and found that all eight potential N-glycosylation sites of CD133 could be indeed occupied by N-glycans. 26029999 4 59 theme potential 689:697 arg1 sites 715:719 all eight potential N-glycosylation sites 679:719 all eight potential N-glycosylation sites of CD133 679:728 Here we analyzed the exact site(s) of N-glycosylation in CD133 by mass spectrometry and found that all eight potential N-glycosylation sites of CD133 could be indeed occupied by N-glycans. 26029999 2 60 dep subunit 384:390 arg1 p85 392:394 p85 392:394 the PI3K regulatory subunit p85 364:394 CD133 promotes tumorigenesis partly through an interaction between its phosphorylated Y828 residue and the PI3K regulatory subunit p85, and the interaction with β-catenin. 26029999 4 61 theme N-glycosylation 618:632 arg1 s 612:612 the exact site(s) 597:613 the exact site(s) of N-glycosylation in CD133 597:641 Here we analyzed the exact site(s) of N-glycosylation in CD133 by mass spectrometry and found that all eight potential N-glycosylation sites of CD133 could be indeed occupied by N-glycans. 26029999 4 62 theme site 607:610 arg1 s 612:612 the exact site(s) 597:613 the exact site(s) of N-glycosylation in CD133 597:641 Here we analyzed the exact site(s) of N-glycosylation in CD133 by mass spectrometry and found that all eight potential N-glycosylation sites of CD133 could be indeed occupied by N-glycans. 26029999 8 63 theme CD133 1231:1235 arg1 sites 1251:1255 CD133 glycosylation sites 1231:1255 CD133 glycosylation sites 1231:1255 Our results identified the characteristics and function of CD133 glycosylation sites. 26029999 5 64 theme sites 804:808 arg1 Loss 769:772 Loss 769:772 Loss of individual N-glycosylation sites 769:808 Loss of individual N-glycosylation sites had no effect on the level of expression or membrane localization of CD133. 26029999 4 65 theme mass 646:649 arg1 spectrometry 651:662 mass spectrometry 646:662 mass spectrometry 646:662 Here we analyzed the exact site(s) of N-glycosylation in CD133 by mass spectrometry and found that all eight potential N-glycosylation sites of CD133 could be indeed occupied by N-glycans. 26029999 6 66 theme glycosylation 907:919 arg1 site 921:924 glycosylation site Asn548 907:931 glycosylation site Asn548 907:931 However, mutation at glycosylation site Asn548 significantly decreased the ability of CD133 to promote hepatoma cell growth. 26029999 4 67 theme exact 601:605 arg1 s 612:612 the exact site(s) 597:613 the exact site(s) of N-glycosylation in CD133 597:641 Here we analyzed the exact site(s) of N-glycosylation in CD133 by mass spectrometry and found that all eight potential N-glycosylation sites of CD133 could be indeed occupied by N-glycans. 26291458 4 0 theme Gli 567:569 arg1 effectors 587:595 Gli transcriptional effectors 567:595 Gli transcriptional effectors 567:595 Whereas the canonical Smo signal to Gli transcriptional effectors occurs in a G protein-independent manner, its non-canonical signal employs Gαi. 26291458 11 1 theme canonical 1556:1564 arg1 induction 1573:1581 canonical signal induction 1556:1581 canonical signal induction 1556:1581 In stark contrast, we found that all four predicted N-glycosylation sites on murine Smo were dispensable for proper trafficking, agonist binding and canonical signal induction. 26291458 6 2 link N-linked 771:778 arg1 glycosylation 780:792 N-linked glycosylation 771:792 N-linked glycosylation 771:792 N-linked glycosylation is a post-translational modification that can influence GPCR trafficking, ligand responsiveness and signal output. 26291458 6 2 link N-linked 771:778 arg1 modification 818:829 a post-translational modification 797:829 a post-translational modification that can influence GPCR trafficking, ligand responsiveness and signal output 797:906 N-linked glycosylation is a post-translational modification that can influence GPCR trafficking, ligand responsiveness and signal output. 26291458 11 3 gly N-glycosylation 1459:1473 arg2 sites 1475:1479 all four predicted N-glycosylation sites 1440:1479 all four predicted N-glycosylation sites on murine Smo 1440:1493 In stark contrast, we found that all four predicted N-glycosylation sites on murine Smo were dispensable for proper trafficking, agonist binding and canonical signal induction. 26291458 11 3 gly N-glycosylation 1459:1473 arg2 four 1444:1447 four 1444:1447 four 1444:1447 In stark contrast, we found that all four predicted N-glycosylation sites on murine Smo were dispensable for proper trafficking, agonist binding and canonical signal induction. 26291458 6 4 theme post-translational 799:816 arg1 glycosylation 780:792 N-linked glycosylation 771:792 N-linked glycosylation 771:792 N-linked glycosylation is a post-translational modification that can influence GPCR trafficking, ligand responsiveness and signal output. 26291458 6 4 theme post-translational 799:816 arg1 modification 818:829 a post-translational modification 797:829 a post-translational modification that can influence GPCR trafficking, ligand responsiveness and signal output 797:906 N-linked glycosylation is a post-translational modification that can influence GPCR trafficking, ligand responsiveness and signal output. 26291458 2 5 theme signaling 254:262 arg1 aspects 239:245 aspects 239:245 aspects of Smo signaling 239:262 Although aspects of Smo signaling are conserved from Drosophila to vertebrates, significant differences have evolved. 26291458 8 6 theme N-linked 1190:1197 arg1 glycans 1199:1205 N-linked glycans 1190:1205 N-linked glycans 1190:1205 Herein, we present a comprehensive analysis of Drosophila and murine Smo glycosylation that supports a functional divergence in the contribution of N-linked glycans to signaling. 26291458 7 7 from role 994:997 arg1 signaling 1006:1014 Smo signaling 1002:1014 Smo signaling 1002:1014 Smo proteins in Drosophila and vertebrate systems harbor N-linked glycans, but their role in Smo signaling has not been established. 26291458 1 8 theme requisite 147:155 arg1 transducer 164:173 the requisite signal transducer 143:173 the requisite signal transducer of the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway 143:227 The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo) is the requisite signal transducer of the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. 26291458 1 8 theme requisite 147:155 arg1 Smoothened 123:132 The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened 85:132 The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo) 85:138 The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo) is the requisite signal transducer of the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. 26291458 6 9 theme signal 894:899 arg1 output 901:906 signal output 894:906 signal output 894:906 N-linked glycosylation is a post-translational modification that can influence GPCR trafficking, ligand responsiveness and signal output. 26291458 6 10 theme N-linked 771:778 arg1 glycosylation 780:792 N-linked glycosylation 771:792 N-linked glycosylation 771:792 N-linked glycosylation is a post-translational modification that can influence GPCR trafficking, ligand responsiveness and signal output. 26291458 6 10 theme N-linked 771:778 arg1 modification 818:829 a post-translational modification 797:829 a post-translational modification that can influence GPCR trafficking, ligand responsiveness and signal output 797:906 N-linked glycosylation is a post-translational modification that can influence GPCR trafficking, ligand responsiveness and signal output. 26291458 12 11 gly under-glycosylated 1597:1614 arg1 protein 1616:1622 the under-glycosylated protein 1593:1622 the under-glycosylated protein 1593:1622 However, the under-glycosylated protein was compromised in its ability to induce a non-canonical signal through Gαi, providing for the first time evidence that Smo can bias its signal and that a post-translational modification can impact this process. 26291458 9 12 theme glycan 1244:1249 arg1 sites 1260:1264 the seven predicted glycan acceptor sites 1224:1264 the seven predicted glycan acceptor sites in Drosophila Smo 1224:1282 Of the seven predicted glycan acceptor sites in Drosophila Smo, one is essential. 26291458 9 13 theme sites 1260:1264 arg1 essential 1292:1300 essential 1292:1300 essential 1292:1300 Of the seven predicted glycan acceptor sites in Drosophila Smo, one is essential. 26291458 1 14 theme conserved 197:205 arg1 pathway 221:227 the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway 178:227 the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway 178:227 The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo) is the requisite signal transducer of the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. 26291458 9 15 from sites 1260:1264 arg1 Smo 1280:1282 Drosophila Smo 1269:1282 Drosophila Smo 1269:1282 Of the seven predicted glycan acceptor sites in Drosophila Smo, one is essential. 26291458 9 16 theme Drosophila 1269:1278 arg1 Smo 1280:1282 Drosophila Smo 1269:1282 Drosophila Smo 1269:1282 Of the seven predicted glycan acceptor sites in Drosophila Smo, one is essential. 26291458 8 17 link N-linked 1190:1197 arg1 glycans 1199:1205 N-linked glycans 1190:1205 N-linked glycans 1190:1205 Herein, we present a comprehensive analysis of Drosophila and murine Smo glycosylation that supports a functional divergence in the contribution of N-linked glycans to signaling. 26291458 11 18 theme murine 1484:1489 arg1 Smo 1491:1493 murine Smo 1484:1493 murine Smo 1484:1493 In stark contrast, we found that all four predicted N-glycosylation sites on murine Smo were dispensable for proper trafficking, agonist binding and canonical signal induction. 26291458 11 19 theme agonist 1536:1542 arg1 binding 1544:1550 agonist binding 1536:1550 agonist binding 1536:1550 In stark contrast, we found that all four predicted N-glycosylation sites on murine Smo were dispensable for proper trafficking, agonist binding and canonical signal induction. 26291458 12 20 theme first 1719:1723 arg1 time 1725:1728 the first time 1715:1728 the first time 1715:1728 However, the under-glycosylated protein was compromised in its ability to induce a non-canonical signal through Gαi, providing for the first time evidence that Smo can bias its signal and that a post-translational modification can impact this process. 26291458 13 21 theme Smo 1911:1913 arg1 exit 1918:1921 Smo ER exit 1911:1921 Smo ER exit in flies to influencing its signal output in mice 1911:1971 As such, we postulate a profound shift in N-glycan function from affecting Smo ER exit in flies to influencing its signal output in mice. 26291458 7 22 theme Smo 1002:1004 arg1 signaling 1006:1014 Smo signaling 1002:1014 Smo signaling 1002:1014 Smo proteins in Drosophila and vertebrate systems harbor N-linked glycans, but their role in Smo signaling has not been established. 26291458 10 23 theme N-glycosylation 1311:1325 arg1 Loss 1303:1306 Loss 1303:1306 Loss of N-glycosylation at this site 1303:1338 Loss of N-glycosylation at this site disrupted Smo trafficking and attenuated its signaling capability. 26291458 11 24 theme predicted 1449:1457 arg1 sites 1475:1479 all four predicted N-glycosylation sites 1440:1479 all four predicted N-glycosylation sites on murine Smo 1440:1493 In stark contrast, we found that all four predicted N-glycosylation sites on murine Smo were dispensable for proper trafficking, agonist binding and canonical signal induction. 26291458 10 25 from site 1335:1338 arg1 Loss 1303:1306 Loss 1303:1306 Loss of N-glycosylation at this site 1303:1338 Loss of N-glycosylation at this site disrupted Smo trafficking and attenuated its signaling capability. 26291458 0 26 from Role 29:32 arg1 Signaling 74:82 Smoothened Signaling 63:82 Smoothened Signaling 63:82 Functional Divergence in the Role of N-Linked Glycosylation in Smoothened Signaling. 26291458 7 27 from proteins 913:920 arg1 Drosophila 925:934 Drosophila 925:934 Drosophila 925:934 Smo proteins in Drosophila and vertebrate systems harbor N-linked glycans, but their role in Smo signaling has not been established. 26291458 7 27 from proteins 913:920 arg1 systems 951:957 vertebrate systems 940:957 vertebrate systems 940:957 Smo proteins in Drosophila and vertebrate systems harbor N-linked glycans, but their role in Smo signaling has not been established. 26291458 13 28 theme N-glycan 1878:1885 arg1 function 1887:1894 N-glycan function 1878:1894 N-glycan function 1878:1894 As such, we postulate a profound shift in N-glycan function from affecting Smo ER exit in flies to influencing its signal output in mice. 26291458 0 29 theme Functional 0:9 arg1 Divergence 11:20 Functional Divergence 0:20 Functional Divergence 0:20 Functional Divergence in the Role of N-Linked Glycosylation in Smoothened Signaling. 26291458 8 30 theme comprehensive 1063:1075 arg1 analysis 1077:1084 a comprehensive analysis 1061:1084 a comprehensive analysis of Drosophila 1061:1098 Herein, we present a comprehensive analysis of Drosophila and murine Smo glycosylation that supports a functional divergence in the contribution of N-linked glycans to signaling. 26291458 7 31 theme vertebrate 940:949 arg1 systems 951:957 vertebrate systems 940:957 vertebrate systems 940:957 Smo proteins in Drosophila and vertebrate systems harbor N-linked glycans, but their role in Smo signaling has not been established. 26291458 8 32 gly glycosylation 1115:1127 arg1 Drosophila 1089:1098 Drosophila 1089:1098 Drosophila 1089:1098 Herein, we present a comprehensive analysis of Drosophila and murine Smo glycosylation that supports a functional divergence in the contribution of N-linked glycans to signaling. 26291458 1 33 theme receptor 107:114 arg1 Smo 135:137 Smo 135:137 Smo 135:137 The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo) is the requisite signal transducer of the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. 26291458 1 33 theme receptor 107:114 arg1 Smoothened 123:132 The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened 85:132 The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo) 85:138 The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo) is the requisite signal transducer of the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. 26291458 1 33 theme receptor 107:114 arg1 transducer 164:173 the requisite signal transducer 143:173 the requisite signal transducer of the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway 143:227 The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo) is the requisite signal transducer of the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. 26291458 12 34 theme non-canonical 1667:1679 arg1 signal 1681:1686 a non-canonical signal 1665:1686 a non-canonical signal 1665:1686 However, the under-glycosylated protein was compromised in its ability to induce a non-canonical signal through Gαi, providing for the first time evidence that Smo can bias its signal and that a post-translational modification can impact this process. 26291458 4 35 theme Smo 553:555 arg1 signal 557:562 the canonical Smo signal 539:562 the canonical Smo signal to Gli transcriptional effectors 539:595 Whereas the canonical Smo signal to Gli transcriptional effectors occurs in a G protein-independent manner, its non-canonical signal employs Gαi. 26291458 3 36 theme vertebrate 430:439 arg1 Smo 441:443 vertebrate Smo 430:443 vertebrate Smo 430:443 These include changes in its active sub-cellular localization, and the ability of vertebrate Smo to induce distinct G protein-dependent and independent signals in response to ligand. 26291458 6 37 theme ligand 868:873 arg1 responsiveness 875:888 ligand responsiveness 868:888 ligand responsiveness 868:888 N-linked glycosylation is a post-translational modification that can influence GPCR trafficking, ligand responsiveness and signal output. 26291458 11 38 from sites 1475:1479 arg1 Smo 1491:1493 murine Smo 1484:1493 murine Smo 1484:1493 In stark contrast, we found that all four predicted N-glycosylation sites on murine Smo were dispensable for proper trafficking, agonist binding and canonical signal induction. 26291458 3 39 theme active 377:382 arg1 localization 397:408 its active sub-cellular localization 373:408 its active sub-cellular localization 373:408 These include changes in its active sub-cellular localization, and the ability of vertebrate Smo to induce distinct G protein-dependent and independent signals in response to ligand. 26291458 10 40 theme Smo 1350:1352 arg1 trafficking 1354:1364 Smo trafficking 1350:1364 Smo trafficking 1350:1364 Loss of N-glycosylation at this site disrupted Smo trafficking and attenuated its signaling capability. 26291458 3 41 theme protein-dependent 466:482 arg1 signals 500:506 distinct G protein-dependent and independent signals 455:506 distinct G protein-dependent and independent signals 455:506 These include changes in its active sub-cellular localization, and the ability of vertebrate Smo to induce distinct G protein-dependent and independent signals in response to ligand. 26291458 0 42 theme N-Linked 37:44 arg1 Glycosylation 46:58 N-Linked Glycosylation 37:58 N-Linked Glycosylation 37:58 Functional Divergence in the Role of N-Linked Glycosylation in Smoothened Signaling. 26291458 8 43 theme Smo 1111:1113 arg1 glycosylation 1115:1127 murine Smo glycosylation 1104:1127 murine Smo glycosylation 1104:1127 Herein, we present a comprehensive analysis of Drosophila and murine Smo glycosylation that supports a functional divergence in the contribution of N-linked glycans to signaling. 26291458 3 44 theme distinct 455:462 arg1 signals 500:506 distinct G protein-dependent and independent signals 455:506 distinct G protein-dependent and independent signals 455:506 These include changes in its active sub-cellular localization, and the ability of vertebrate Smo to induce distinct G protein-dependent and independent signals in response to ligand. 26291458 1 45 theme Hedgehog 207:214 arg1 pathway 221:227 the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway 178:227 the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway 178:227 The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo) is the requisite signal transducer of the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. 26291458 13 46 from shift 1869:1873 arg1 function 1887:1894 N-glycan function 1878:1894 N-glycan function 1878:1894 As such, we postulate a profound shift in N-glycan function from affecting Smo ER exit in flies to influencing its signal output in mice. 26291458 3 47 theme independent 488:498 arg1 signals 500:506 distinct G protein-dependent and independent signals 455:506 distinct G protein-dependent and independent signals 455:506 These include changes in its active sub-cellular localization, and the ability of vertebrate Smo to induce distinct G protein-dependent and independent signals in response to ligand. 26291458 7 48 theme Smo 909:911 arg1 proteins 913:920 Smo proteins 909:920 Smo proteins in Drosophila and vertebrate systems 909:957 Smo proteins in Drosophila and vertebrate systems harbor N-linked glycans, but their role in Smo signaling has not been established. 26291458 1 49 theme pathway 221:227 arg1 transducer 164:173 the requisite signal transducer 143:173 the requisite signal transducer of the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway 143:227 The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo) is the requisite signal transducer of the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. 26291458 1 49 theme pathway 221:227 arg1 Smoothened 123:132 The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened 85:132 The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo) 85:138 The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo) is the requisite signal transducer of the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. 26291458 11 50 theme signal 1566:1571 arg1 induction 1573:1581 canonical signal induction 1556:1581 canonical signal induction 1556:1581 In stark contrast, we found that all four predicted N-glycosylation sites on murine Smo were dispensable for proper trafficking, agonist binding and canonical signal induction. 26291458 12 51 theme post-translational 1779:1796 arg1 modification 1798:1809 a post-translational modification 1777:1809 a post-translational modification 1777:1809 However, the under-glycosylated protein was compromised in its ability to induce a non-canonical signal through Gαi, providing for the first time evidence that Smo can bias its signal and that a post-translational modification can impact this process. 26291458 4 52 theme transcriptional 571:585 arg1 effectors 587:595 Gli transcriptional effectors 567:595 Gli transcriptional effectors 567:595 Whereas the canonical Smo signal to Gli transcriptional effectors occurs in a G protein-independent manner, its non-canonical signal employs Gαi. 26291458 2 53 theme Smo 250:252 arg1 signaling 254:262 Smo signaling 250:262 Smo signaling 250:262 Although aspects of Smo signaling are conserved from Drosophila to vertebrates, significant differences have evolved. 26291458 4 54 theme non-canonical 643:655 arg1 signal 657:662 its non-canonical signal 639:662 its non-canonical signal 639:662 Whereas the canonical Smo signal to Gli transcriptional effectors occurs in a G protein-independent manner, its non-canonical signal employs Gαi. 26291458 1 55 theme signal 157:162 arg1 transducer 164:173 the requisite signal transducer 143:173 the requisite signal transducer of the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway 143:227 The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo) is the requisite signal transducer of the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. 26291458 1 55 theme signal 157:162 arg1 Smoothened 123:132 The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened 85:132 The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo) 85:138 The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo) is the requisite signal transducer of the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. 26291458 8 56 theme glycans 1199:1205 arg1 contribution 1174:1185 the contribution 1170:1185 the contribution of N-linked glycans to signaling 1170:1218 Herein, we present a comprehensive analysis of Drosophila and murine Smo glycosylation that supports a functional divergence in the contribution of N-linked glycans to signaling. 26291458 9 57 theme predicted 1234:1242 arg1 sites 1260:1264 the seven predicted glycan acceptor sites 1224:1264 the seven predicted glycan acceptor sites in Drosophila Smo 1224:1282 Of the seven predicted glycan acceptor sites in Drosophila Smo, one is essential. 26291458 4 58 theme protein-independent 611:629 arg1 manner 631:636 a G protein-independent manner 607:636 a G protein-independent manner 607:636 Whereas the canonical Smo signal to Gli transcriptional effectors occurs in a G protein-independent manner, its non-canonical signal employs Gαi. 26291458 9 59 theme acceptor 1251:1258 arg1 sites 1260:1264 the seven predicted glycan acceptor sites 1224:1264 the seven predicted glycan acceptor sites in Drosophila Smo 1224:1282 Of the seven predicted glycan acceptor sites in Drosophila Smo, one is essential. 26291458 12 60 theme under-glycosylated 1597:1614 arg1 protein 1616:1622 the under-glycosylated protein 1593:1622 the under-glycosylated protein 1593:1622 However, the under-glycosylated protein was compromised in its ability to induce a non-canonical signal through Gαi, providing for the first time evidence that Smo can bias its signal and that a post-translational modification can impact this process. 26291458 13 61 theme ER 1915:1916 arg1 exit 1918:1921 Smo ER exit 1911:1921 Smo ER exit in flies to influencing its signal output in mice 1911:1971 As such, we postulate a profound shift in N-glycan function from affecting Smo ER exit in flies to influencing its signal output in mice. 26291458 13 62 theme signal 1951:1956 arg1 output 1958:1963 its signal output 1947:1963 its signal output in mice 1947:1971 As such, we postulate a profound shift in N-glycan function from affecting Smo ER exit in flies to influencing its signal output in mice. 26291458 5 63 theme vertebrate 685:694 arg1 Smo 696:698 vertebrate Smo 685:698 vertebrate Smo 685:698 Whether vertebrate Smo can selectively bias its signal between these routes is not yet known. 26291458 0 64 theme Smoothened 63:72 arg1 Signaling 74:82 Smoothened Signaling 63:82 Smoothened Signaling 63:82 Functional Divergence in the Role of N-Linked Glycosylation in Smoothened Signaling. 26291458 7 65 link N-linked 966:973 arg1 glycans 975:981 N-linked glycans 966:981 N-linked glycans 966:981 Smo proteins in Drosophila and vertebrate systems harbor N-linked glycans, but their role in Smo signaling has not been established. 26291458 13 66 from output 1958:1963 arg1 mice 1968:1971 mice 1968:1971 mice 1968:1971 As such, we postulate a profound shift in N-glycan function from affecting Smo ER exit in flies to influencing its signal output in mice. 26291458 11 67 theme proper 1516:1521 arg1 trafficking 1523:1533 proper trafficking 1516:1533 proper trafficking 1516:1533 In stark contrast, we found that all four predicted N-glycosylation sites on murine Smo were dispensable for proper trafficking, agonist binding and canonical signal induction. 26291458 13 68 theme profound 1860:1867 arg1 shift 1869:1873 a profound shift 1858:1873 a profound shift in N-glycan function from affecting Smo ER exit in flies to influencing its signal output in mice 1858:1971 As such, we postulate a profound shift in N-glycan function from affecting Smo ER exit in flies to influencing its signal output in mice. 26291458 3 69 from changes 362:368 arg1 localization 397:408 its active sub-cellular localization 373:408 its active sub-cellular localization 373:408 These include changes in its active sub-cellular localization, and the ability of vertebrate Smo to induce distinct G protein-dependent and independent signals in response to ligand. 26291458 7 70 theme N-linked 966:973 arg1 glycans 975:981 N-linked glycans 966:981 N-linked glycans 966:981 Smo proteins in Drosophila and vertebrate systems harbor N-linked glycans, but their role in Smo signaling has not been established. 26291458 4 71 theme canonical 543:551 arg1 signal 557:562 the canonical Smo signal 539:562 the canonical Smo signal to Gli transcriptional effectors 539:595 Whereas the canonical Smo signal to Gli transcriptional effectors occurs in a G protein-independent manner, its non-canonical signal employs Gαi. 26291458 8 72 theme Drosophila 1089:1098 arg1 glycosylation 1115:1127 murine Smo glycosylation 1104:1127 murine Smo glycosylation 1104:1127 Herein, we present a comprehensive analysis of Drosophila and murine Smo glycosylation that supports a functional divergence in the contribution of N-linked glycans to signaling. 26291458 8 72 theme Drosophila 1089:1098 arg1 analysis 1077:1084 a comprehensive analysis 1061:1084 a comprehensive analysis of Drosophila 1061:1098 Herein, we present a comprehensive analysis of Drosophila and murine Smo glycosylation that supports a functional divergence in the contribution of N-linked glycans to signaling. 26291458 1 73 theme protein-coupled 91:105 arg1 GPCR 117:120 GPCR 117:120 GPCR 117:120 The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo) is the requisite signal transducer of the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. 26291458 1 73 theme protein-coupled 91:105 arg1 receptor 107:114 The G protein-coupled receptor 85:114 The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo) 85:138 The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo) is the requisite signal transducer of the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. 26291458 11 74 theme N-glycosylation 1459:1473 arg1 sites 1475:1479 all four predicted N-glycosylation sites 1440:1479 all four predicted N-glycosylation sites on murine Smo 1440:1493 In stark contrast, we found that all four predicted N-glycosylation sites on murine Smo were dispensable for proper trafficking, agonist binding and canonical signal induction. 26291458 8 75 theme murine 1104:1109 arg1 glycosylation 1115:1127 murine Smo glycosylation 1104:1127 murine Smo glycosylation 1104:1127 Herein, we present a comprehensive analysis of Drosophila and murine Smo glycosylation that supports a functional divergence in the contribution of N-linked glycans to signaling. 26291458 8 76 from divergence 1156:1165 arg1 contribution 1174:1185 the contribution 1170:1185 the contribution of N-linked glycans to signaling 1170:1218 Herein, we present a comprehensive analysis of Drosophila and murine Smo glycosylation that supports a functional divergence in the contribution of N-linked glycans to signaling. 26291458 3 77 theme Smo 441:443 arg1 ability 419:425 the ability 415:425 the ability of vertebrate Smo to induce distinct G protein-dependent and independent signals in response to ligand 415:528 These include changes in its active sub-cellular localization, and the ability of vertebrate Smo to induce distinct G protein-dependent and independent signals in response to ligand. 26291458 3 77 theme Smo 441:443 arg1 changes 362:368 changes 362:368 changes in its active sub-cellular localization 362:408 These include changes in its active sub-cellular localization, and the ability of vertebrate Smo to induce distinct G protein-dependent and independent signals in response to ligand. 26291458 0 78 theme Glycosylation 46:58 arg1 Role 29:32 the Role 25:32 the Role of N-Linked Glycosylation in Smoothened Signaling 25:82 Functional Divergence in the Role of N-Linked Glycosylation in Smoothened Signaling. 26291458 3 79 theme sub-cellular 384:395 arg1 localization 397:408 its active sub-cellular localization 373:408 its active sub-cellular localization 373:408 These include changes in its active sub-cellular localization, and the ability of vertebrate Smo to induce distinct G protein-dependent and independent signals in response to ligand. 26291458 2 80 theme significant 310:320 arg1 differences 322:332 significant differences 310:332 significant differences 310:332 Although aspects of Smo signaling are conserved from Drosophila to vertebrates, significant differences have evolved. 26291458 6 81 theme GPCR 850:853 arg1 trafficking 855:865 GPCR trafficking 850:865 GPCR trafficking 850:865 N-linked glycosylation is a post-translational modification that can influence GPCR trafficking, ligand responsiveness and signal output. 26291458 13 82 from exit 1918:1921 arg1 flies 1926:1930 flies 1926:1930 flies to influencing its signal output in mice 1926:1971 As such, we postulate a profound shift in N-glycan function from affecting Smo ER exit in flies to influencing its signal output in mice. 26291458 10 83 theme signaling 1385:1393 arg1 capability 1395:1404 its signaling capability 1381:1404 its signaling capability 1381:1404 Loss of N-glycosylation at this site disrupted Smo trafficking and attenuated its signaling capability. 26291458 8 84 theme functional 1145:1154 arg1 divergence 1156:1165 a functional divergence 1143:1165 a functional divergence in the contribution of N-linked glycans to signaling 1143:1218 Herein, we present a comprehensive analysis of Drosophila and murine Smo glycosylation that supports a functional divergence in the contribution of N-linked glycans to signaling. 26291458 0 85 dep Divergence 11:20 arg1 Role 29:32 the Role 25:32 the Role of N-Linked Glycosylation in Smoothened Signaling 25:82 Functional Divergence in the Role of N-Linked Glycosylation in Smoothened Signaling. 26291458 11 86 theme stark 1410:1414 arg1 contrast 1416:1423 stark contrast 1410:1423 stark contrast 1410:1423 In stark contrast, we found that all four predicted N-glycosylation sites on murine Smo were dispensable for proper trafficking, agonist binding and canonical signal induction. 26291458 3 87 from ability 419:425 arg1 localization 397:408 its active sub-cellular localization 373:408 its active sub-cellular localization 373:408 These include changes in its active sub-cellular localization, and the ability of vertebrate Smo to induce distinct G protein-dependent and independent signals in response to ligand. 24334224 0 0 theme glycoengineered 103:117 arg1 pastoris 126:133 glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 103:133 glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 103:133 O-linked glycosylation analysis of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24334224 2 1 theme chromatography 408:421 arg1 techniques 452:461 liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques 401:461 liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques 401:461 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 4 2 theme production 1059:1068 arg1 pastoris 1027:1034 glycoengineered P. pastoris 1008:1034 glycoengineered P. pastoris 1008:1034 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 4 2 theme production 1059:1068 arg1 platform 1070:1077 a viable production platform 1050:1077 a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF 1050:1101 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 3 3 theme specific 767:774 arg1 site 799:802 the specific O-linked glycosylation site 763:802 the specific O-linked glycosylation site used by Pichia-derived rhG-CSF 763:833 Peptide mappings using protease and chemical cleavages were performed to determine the specific O-linked glycosylation site used by Pichia-derived rhG-CSF. 24334224 4 4 theme only 957:960 arg1 site 962:965 the only site 953:965 the only site modified with a single mannose 953:996 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 4 4 theme only 957:960 arg1 Thr134 866:871 Thr134 866:871 Thr134 866:871 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 2 5 theme liquid 401:406 arg1 chromatography 408:421 liquid chromatography 401:421 liquid chromatography 401:421 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 2 6 theme glycoengineered 585:599 arg1 pastoris 608:615 glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 585:615 glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location 585:677 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 3 7 theme O-linked 776:783 arg1 site 799:802 the specific O-linked glycosylation site 763:802 the specific O-linked glycosylation site used by Pichia-derived rhG-CSF 763:833 Peptide mappings using protease and chemical cleavages were performed to determine the specific O-linked glycosylation site used by Pichia-derived rhG-CSF. 24334224 0 8 theme Pichia 119:124 arg1 pastoris 126:133 glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 103:133 glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 103:133 O-linked glycosylation analysis of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24334224 3 9 theme Pichia-derived 812:825 arg1 rhG-CSF 827:833 Pichia-derived rhG-CSF 812:833 Pichia-derived rhG-CSF 812:833 Peptide mappings using protease and chemical cleavages were performed to determine the specific O-linked glycosylation site used by Pichia-derived rhG-CSF. 24334224 1 10 theme such 314:317 arg1 modifications 319:331 such modifications 314:331 such modifications 314:331 Glycosylation is a major biochemical attribute of therapeutic proteins and detailed analyses including the structures and sites of such modifications are often required for product quality control and assurance. 24334224 0 11 theme liquid 138:143 arg1 chromatography 145:158 liquid chromatography 138:158 liquid chromatography 138:158 O-linked glycosylation analysis of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24334224 0 12 link O-linked 0:7 arg1 analysis 23:30 O-linked glycosylation analysis 0:30 O-linked glycosylation analysis of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 0:89 O-linked glycosylation analysis of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24334224 1 13 theme major 202:206 arg1 attribute 220:228 a major biochemical attribute 200:228 a major biochemical attribute of therapeutic proteins 200:252 Glycosylation is a major biochemical attribute of therapeutic proteins and detailed analyses including the structures and sites of such modifications are often required for product quality control and assurance. 24334224 1 13 theme major 202:206 arg1 Glycosylation 183:195 Glycosylation 183:195 Glycosylation 183:195 Glycosylation is a major biochemical attribute of therapeutic proteins and detailed analyses including the structures and sites of such modifications are often required for product quality control and assurance. 24334224 2 14 theme granulocyte 524:534 arg1 rhG-CSF 563:569 rhG-CSF 563:569 rhG-CSF 563:569 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 2 14 theme granulocyte 524:534 arg1 factor 555:560 recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 506:560 recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location 506:677 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 4 15 theme therapeutic 1083:1093 arg1 rhG-CSF 1095:1101 therapeutic rhG-CSF 1083:1101 therapeutic rhG-CSF 1083:1101 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 2 16 theme recombinant 506:516 arg1 rhG-CSF 563:569 rhG-CSF 563:569 rhG-CSF 563:569 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 2 16 theme recombinant 506:516 arg1 factor 555:560 recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 506:560 recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location 506:677 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 3 17 link Pichia-derived 812:825 arg1 rhG-CSF 827:833 Pichia-derived rhG-CSF 812:833 Pichia-derived rhG-CSF 812:833 Peptide mappings using protease and chemical cleavages were performed to determine the specific O-linked glycosylation site used by Pichia-derived rhG-CSF. 24334224 1 18 theme biochemical 208:218 arg1 attribute 220:228 a major biochemical attribute 200:228 a major biochemical attribute of therapeutic proteins 200:252 Glycosylation is a major biochemical attribute of therapeutic proteins and detailed analyses including the structures and sites of such modifications are often required for product quality control and assurance. 24334224 1 18 theme biochemical 208:218 arg1 Glycosylation 183:195 Glycosylation 183:195 Glycosylation 183:195 Glycosylation is a major biochemical attribute of therapeutic proteins and detailed analyses including the structures and sites of such modifications are often required for product quality control and assurance. 24334224 0 19 theme glycosylation 9:21 arg1 analysis 23:30 O-linked glycosylation analysis 0:30 O-linked glycosylation analysis of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 0:89 O-linked glycosylation analysis of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24334224 4 20 gly glycosylation 898:910 arg2 Thr134 866:871 Thr134 866:871 Thr134 866:871 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 4 20 gly glycosylation 898:910 arg2 site 912:915 the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site 874:915 the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF 874:947 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 4 21 theme viable 1052:1057 arg1 pastoris 1027:1034 glycoengineered P. pastoris 1008:1034 glycoengineered P. pastoris 1008:1034 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 4 21 theme viable 1052:1057 arg1 platform 1070:1077 a viable production platform 1050:1077 a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF 1050:1101 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 2 22 theme spectrometry 439:450 arg1 techniques 452:461 liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques 401:461 liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques 401:461 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 0 23 theme O-linked 0:7 arg1 analysis 23:30 O-linked glycosylation analysis 0:30 O-linked glycosylation analysis of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 0:89 O-linked glycosylation analysis of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24334224 1 24 theme modifications 319:331 arg1 sites 305:309 sites 305:309 sites 305:309 Glycosylation is a major biochemical attribute of therapeutic proteins and detailed analyses including the structures and sites of such modifications are often required for product quality control and assurance. 24334224 1 24 theme modifications 319:331 arg1 modifications 319:331 such modifications 314:331 such modifications 314:331 Glycosylation is a major biochemical attribute of therapeutic proteins and detailed analyses including the structures and sites of such modifications are often required for product quality control and assurance. 24334224 1 24 theme modifications 319:331 arg1 structures 290:299 structures 290:299 structures 290:299 Glycosylation is a major biochemical attribute of therapeutic proteins and detailed analyses including the structures and sites of such modifications are often required for product quality control and assurance. 24334224 2 25 theme mass 434:437 arg1 spectrometry 439:450 tandem mass spectrometry 427:450 tandem mass spectrometry 427:450 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 3 26 theme Peptide 680:686 arg1 mappings 688:695 Peptide mappings 680:695 Peptide mappings using protease and chemical cleavages 680:733 Peptide mappings using protease and chemical cleavages were performed to determine the specific O-linked glycosylation site used by Pichia-derived rhG-CSF. 24334224 3 27 link O-linked 776:783 arg1 site 799:802 the specific O-linked glycosylation site 763:802 the specific O-linked glycosylation site used by Pichia-derived rhG-CSF 763:833 Peptide mappings using protease and chemical cleavages were performed to determine the specific O-linked glycosylation site used by Pichia-derived rhG-CSF. 24334224 1 28 theme therapeutic 233:243 arg1 proteins 245:252 therapeutic proteins 233:252 therapeutic proteins 233:252 Glycosylation is a major biochemical attribute of therapeutic proteins and detailed analyses including the structures and sites of such modifications are often required for product quality control and assurance. 24334224 2 29 theme factor 555:560 arg1 glycosylation 489:501 the O-linked glycosylation 476:501 the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location 476:677 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 2 30 theme colony-stimulating 536:553 arg1 rhG-CSF 563:569 rhG-CSF 563:569 rhG-CSF 563:569 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 2 30 theme colony-stimulating 536:553 arg1 factor 555:560 recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 506:560 recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location 506:677 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 1 31 theme proteins 245:252 arg1 attribute 220:228 a major biochemical attribute 200:228 a major biochemical attribute of therapeutic proteins 200:252 Glycosylation is a major biochemical attribute of therapeutic proteins and detailed analyses including the structures and sites of such modifications are often required for product quality control and assurance. 24334224 1 31 theme proteins 245:252 arg1 Glycosylation 183:195 Glycosylation 183:195 Glycosylation 183:195 Glycosylation is a major biochemical attribute of therapeutic proteins and detailed analyses including the structures and sites of such modifications are often required for product quality control and assurance. 24334224 0 32 theme human 47:51 arg1 factor 84:89 recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 35:89 recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 35:89 O-linked glycosylation analysis of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24334224 1 33 dep structures 290:299 arg1 the 286:288 the 286:288 the 286:288 Glycosylation is a major biochemical attribute of therapeutic proteins and detailed analyses including the structures and sites of such modifications are often required for product quality control and assurance. 24334224 4 34 link O-linked 889:896 arg1 Thr134 866:871 Thr134 866:871 Thr134 866:871 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 4 34 link O-linked 889:896 arg1 site 912:915 the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site 874:915 the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF 874:947 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 0 35 theme recombinant 35:45 arg1 factor 84:89 recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 35:89 recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 35:89 O-linked glycosylation analysis of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24334224 0 36 theme mass 164:167 arg1 spectrometry 169:180 mass spectrometry 164:180 mass spectrometry 164:180 O-linked glycosylation analysis of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24334224 0 37 gly glycosylation 9:21 arg1 factor 84:89 recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 35:89 recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 35:89 O-linked glycosylation analysis of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24334224 1 38 theme detailed 258:265 arg1 sites 305:309 sites 305:309 sites 305:309 Glycosylation is a major biochemical attribute of therapeutic proteins and detailed analyses including the structures and sites of such modifications are often required for product quality control and assurance. 24334224 1 38 theme detailed 258:265 arg1 analyses 267:274 detailed analyses 258:274 detailed analyses including the structures and sites of such modifications 258:331 Glycosylation is a major biochemical attribute of therapeutic proteins and detailed analyses including the structures and sites of such modifications are often required for product quality control and assurance. 24334224 1 38 theme detailed 258:265 arg1 structures 290:299 structures 290:299 structures 290:299 Glycosylation is a major biochemical attribute of therapeutic proteins and detailed analyses including the structures and sites of such modifications are often required for product quality control and assurance. 24334224 1 38 theme detailed 258:265 arg1 modifications 319:331 such modifications 314:331 such modifications 314:331 Glycosylation is a major biochemical attribute of therapeutic proteins and detailed analyses including the structures and sites of such modifications are often required for product quality control and assurance. 24334224 0 39 theme colony-stimulating 65:82 arg1 factor 84:89 recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 35:89 recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 35:89 O-linked glycosylation analysis of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24334224 1 40 theme product 356:362 arg1 control 372:378 product quality control 356:378 product quality control 356:378 Glycosylation is a major biochemical attribute of therapeutic proteins and detailed analyses including the structures and sites of such modifications are often required for product quality control and assurance. 24334224 4 41 theme single 983:988 arg1 mannose 990:996 a single mannose 981:996 a single mannose 981:996 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 3 42 theme chemical 716:723 arg1 cleavages 725:733 chemical cleavages 716:733 chemical cleavages 716:733 Peptide mappings using protease and chemical cleavages were performed to determine the specific O-linked glycosylation site used by Pichia-derived rhG-CSF. 24334224 4 43 theme human 937:941 arg1 G-CSF 943:947 endogenous human G-CSF 926:947 endogenous human G-CSF 926:947 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 0 44 theme granulocyte 53:63 arg1 factor 84:89 recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 35:89 recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 35:89 O-linked glycosylation analysis of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24334224 1 45 theme quality 364:370 arg1 control 372:378 product quality control 356:378 product quality control 356:378 Glycosylation is a major biochemical attribute of therapeutic proteins and detailed analyses including the structures and sites of such modifications are often required for product quality control and assurance. 24334224 4 46 used used 1042:1045 arg2 pastoris 1027:1034 glycoengineered P. pastoris 1008:1034 glycoengineered P. pastoris 1008:1034 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 4 46 used used 1042:1045 arg2 platform 1070:1077 a viable production platform 1050:1077 a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF 1050:1101 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 4 47 theme endogenous 926:935 arg1 G-CSF 943:947 endogenous human G-CSF 926:947 endogenous human G-CSF 926:947 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 4 48 theme O-linked 889:896 arg1 Thr134 866:871 Thr134 866:871 Thr134 866:871 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 4 48 theme O-linked 889:896 arg1 site 912:915 the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site 874:915 the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF 874:947 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 4 49 located found 917:921 arg1 G-CSF 943:947 endogenous human G-CSF 926:947 endogenous human G-CSF 926:947 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 4 49 located found 917:921 arg2 site 912:915 the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site 874:915 the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF 874:947 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 4 49 located found 917:921 arg2 Thr134 866:871 Thr134 866:871 Thr134 866:871 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 2 50 link O-linked 480:487 arg1 glycosylation 489:501 the O-linked glycosylation 476:501 the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location 476:677 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 4 51 theme equivalent 878:887 arg1 Thr134 866:871 Thr134 866:871 Thr134 866:871 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 4 51 theme equivalent 878:887 arg1 site 912:915 the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site 874:915 the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF 874:947 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 2 52 attach derived 572:578 arg2 rhG-CSF 563:569 rhG-CSF 563:569 rhG-CSF 563:569 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 2 52 attach derived 572:578 arg2 factor 555:560 recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 506:560 recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location 506:677 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 2 52 attach derived 572:578 arg1 pastoris 608:615 glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 585:615 glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location 585:677 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 2 53 theme Pichia 601:606 arg1 pastoris 608:615 glycoengineered Pichia pastoris 585:615 glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location 585:677 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 2 54 gly glycosylation 489:501 arg1 rhG-CSF 563:569 rhG-CSF 563:569 rhG-CSF 563:569 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 2 54 gly glycosylation 489:501 arg1 factor 555:560 recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 506:560 recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location 506:677 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 2 55 theme O-linked 480:487 arg1 glycosylation 489:501 the O-linked glycosylation 476:501 the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location 476:677 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 2 56 theme tandem 427:432 arg1 spectrometry 439:450 tandem mass spectrometry 427:450 tandem mass spectrometry 427:450 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 0 57 theme factor 84:89 arg1 analysis 23:30 O-linked glycosylation analysis 0:30 O-linked glycosylation analysis of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 0:89 O-linked glycosylation analysis of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24334224 3 58 theme glycosylation 785:797 arg1 site 799:802 the specific O-linked glycosylation site 763:802 the specific O-linked glycosylation site used by Pichia-derived rhG-CSF 763:833 Peptide mappings using protease and chemical cleavages were performed to determine the specific O-linked glycosylation site used by Pichia-derived rhG-CSF. 24334224 4 59 theme glycosylation 898:910 arg1 Thr134 866:871 Thr134 866:871 Thr134 866:871 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 4 59 theme glycosylation 898:910 arg1 site 912:915 the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site 874:915 the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF 874:947 Our results demonstrated that Thr134, the equivalent O-linked glycosylation site found on endogenous human G-CSF, is the only site modified with a single mannose, allowing glycoengineered P. pastoris to be used as a viable production platform for therapeutic rhG-CSF. 24334224 2 60 theme human 518:522 arg1 rhG-CSF 563:569 rhG-CSF 563:569 rhG-CSF 563:569 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 2 60 theme human 518:522 arg1 factor 555:560 recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 506:560 recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location 506:677 Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we analyzed the O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) derived from glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with regard to its nature, structure, occupancy, and location. 24334224 3 61 gly glycosylation 785:797 arg2 site 799:802 the specific O-linked glycosylation site 763:802 the specific O-linked glycosylation site used by Pichia-derived rhG-CSF 763:833 Peptide mappings using protease and chemical cleavages were performed to determine the specific O-linked glycosylation site used by Pichia-derived rhG-CSF. 28931684 7 0 gly glycosylation 1321:1333 arg2 site 1335:1338 N-linked glycosylation site 1312:1338 N-linked glycosylation site 1312:1338 In contrast, recombinant viruses from which the VNDT motif is deleted or from which N-linked glycosylation site is mutated by single amino acid substitution, are highly attenuated and non-lethal. 28931684 3 1 link N-linked 644:651 arg1 site 667:670 an N-linked glycosylation site 641:670 an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein 641:698 One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. 28931684 3 2 theme E 689:689 arg1 protein 692:698 the envelope (E) protein 675:698 the envelope (E) protein 675:698 One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. 28931684 6 3 theme mouse 1215:1219 arg1 model 1221:1225 a mouse model 1213:1225 a mouse model 1213:1225 The recombinant ZIKV generated from the infectious clone, which contains the VNDT motif, is highly pathogenic and causes lethality in a mouse model. 28931684 9 4 theme first 1601:1605 arg1 evidence 1607:1614 the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern 1597:1837 the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern 1597:1837 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 7 5 theme single 1354:1359 arg1 substitution 1372:1383 single amino acid substitution 1354:1383 single amino acid substitution 1354:1383 In contrast, recombinant viruses from which the VNDT motif is deleted or from which N-linked glycosylation site is mutated by single amino acid substitution, are highly attenuated and non-lethal. 28931684 15 6 theme ZIKV 2756:2759 arg1 pathogenicity 2761:2773 ZIKV pathogenicity 2756:2773 ZIKV pathogenicity 2756:2773 Our studies suggest glycosylation of the E protein as an important factor contributing to ZIKV pathogenicity. 28931684 6 7 theme infectious 1119:1128 arg1 clone 1130:1134 the infectious clone 1115:1134 the infectious clone 1115:1134 The recombinant ZIKV generated from the infectious clone, which contains the VNDT motif, is highly pathogenic and causes lethality in a mouse model. 28931684 3 8 from site 667:670 arg1 protein 692:698 the envelope (E) protein 675:698 the envelope (E) protein 675:698 One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. 28931684 10 9 theme significant 1873:1883 arg1 pathogenicity 1885:1897 significant pathogenicity 1873:1897 significant pathogenicity 1873:1897 The virus appears to have gained significant pathogenicity, causing serious human diseases including microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 1 10 theme sporadic 170:177 arg1 outbreaks 179:187 sporadic outbreaks 170:187 sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia 170:234 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 4 11 theme present 826:832 arg1 study 834:838 the present study 822:838 the present study 822:838 In the present study, we interrogated the role of this sequence motif and glycosylation of the E protein in pathogenicity of ZIKV. 28931684 13 12 theme E 2491:2491 arg1 protein 2493:2499 the E protein 2487:2499 the E protein 2487:2499 To elucidate the functional significance of glycosylation in ZIKV pathogenicity, recombinant ZIKVs from infectious clones with or without the glycan on the E protein were generated. 28931684 14 13 theme mouse 2605:2609 arg1 model 2611:2615 mouse model 2605:2615 mouse model 2605:2615 ZIKVs lacking the glycan were highly attenuated for their ability to cause mortality in mouse model and were severely compromised for neuroinvasion. 28931684 4 14 theme motif 883:887 arg1 role 861:864 the role 857:864 the role of this sequence motif and glycosylation of the E protein in pathogenicity of ZIKV 857:947 In the present study, we interrogated the role of this sequence motif and glycosylation of the E protein in pathogenicity of ZIKV. 28931684 7 15 theme N-linked 1312:1319 arg1 site 1335:1338 N-linked glycosylation site 1312:1338 N-linked glycosylation site 1312:1338 In contrast, recombinant viruses from which the VNDT motif is deleted or from which N-linked glycosylation site is mutated by single amino acid substitution, are highly attenuated and non-lethal. 28931684 10 16 theme serious 1908:1914 arg1 microcephaly 1941:1952 microcephaly 1941:1952 microcephaly 1941:1952 The virus appears to have gained significant pathogenicity, causing serious human diseases including microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 10 16 theme serious 1908:1914 arg1 syndrome 1973:1980 Guillain-Barré syndrome 1958:1980 Guillain-Barré syndrome 1958:1980 The virus appears to have gained significant pathogenicity, causing serious human diseases including microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 10 16 theme serious 1908:1914 arg1 diseases 1922:1929 serious human diseases 1908:1929 serious human diseases including microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome 1908:1980 The virus appears to have gained significant pathogenicity, causing serious human diseases including microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 4 17 theme glycosylation 893:905 arg1 role 861:864 the role 857:864 the role of this sequence motif and glycosylation of the E protein in pathogenicity of ZIKV 857:947 In the present study, we interrogated the role of this sequence motif and glycosylation of the E protein in pathogenicity of ZIKV. 28931684 3 18 theme isolates 753:760 arg1 many 733:736 many 733:736 many 733:736 One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. 28931684 3 18 theme isolates 753:760 arg1 isolates 753:760 the African isolates 741:760 the African isolates 741:760 One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. 28931684 3 19 gly glycosylation 653:665 arg2 site 667:670 an N-linked glycosylation site 641:670 an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein 641:698 One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. 28931684 5 20 theme linear 1022:1027 arg1 vector 1029:1034 a novel linear vector 1014:1034 a novel linear vector from which infectious virus was recovered 1014:1076 We first constructed a stable full-length cDNA clone of ZIKV in a novel linear vector from which infectious virus was recovered. 28931684 1 21 theme illness 209:215 arg1 outbreaks 179:187 sporadic outbreaks 170:187 sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia 170:234 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 12 22 theme lineage 2305:2311 arg1 virus 2313:2317 the African lineage virus 2293:2317 the African lineage virus 2293:2317 All isolates from the recent outbreaks contain an N-linked glycosylation site within the viral envelope (E) protein whereas many isolates of the African lineage virus lack this site. 28931684 1 23 from Asia 231:234 arg1 outbreaks 179:187 sporadic outbreaks 170:187 sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia 170:234 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 6 24 theme VNDT 1156:1159 arg1 motif 1161:1165 the VNDT motif 1152:1165 the VNDT motif 1152:1165 The recombinant ZIKV generated from the infectious clone, which contains the VNDT motif, is highly pathogenic and causes lethality in a mouse model. 28931684 1 25 from Africa 220:225 arg1 outbreaks 179:187 sporadic outbreaks 170:187 sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia 170:234 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 4 26 from role 861:864 arg1 pathogenicity 927:939 pathogenicity 927:939 pathogenicity of ZIKV 927:947 In the present study, we interrogated the role of this sequence motif and glycosylation of the E protein in pathogenicity of ZIKV. 28931684 1 27 from outbreaks 179:187 arg1 Asia 231:234 Asia 231:234 Asia 231:234 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 1 27 from outbreaks 179:187 arg1 Africa 220:225 Africa 220:225 Africa 220:225 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 4 28 gly glycosylation 893:905 arg1 protein 916:922 the E protein 910:922 the E protein 910:922 In the present study, we interrogated the role of this sequence motif and glycosylation of the E protein in pathogenicity of ZIKV. 28931684 4 28 gly glycosylation 893:905 arg1 ZIKV 944:947 ZIKV 944:947 ZIKV 944:947 In the present study, we interrogated the role of this sequence motif and glycosylation of the E protein in pathogenicity of ZIKV. 28931684 13 29 from clones 2450:2455 arg1 ZIKVs 2428:2432 recombinant ZIKVs 2416:2432 recombinant ZIKVs from infectious clones with or without the glycan on the E protein 2416:2499 To elucidate the functional significance of glycosylation in ZIKV pathogenicity, recombinant ZIKVs from infectious clones with or without the glycan on the E protein were generated. 28931684 7 30 link N-linked 1312:1319 arg1 site 1335:1338 N-linked glycosylation site 1312:1338 N-linked glycosylation site 1312:1338 In contrast, recombinant viruses from which the VNDT motif is deleted or from which N-linked glycosylation site is mutated by single amino acid substitution, are highly attenuated and non-lethal. 28931684 2 31 from role 532:535 arg1 virulence 568:576 virulence 568:576 virulence 568:576 Although genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that genetic evolution may have led to enhanced virulence of ZIKV, experimental evidence supporting the role of specific genetic changes in virulence is currently outstanding. 28931684 9 32 theme virulence 1697:1705 arg1 glycosylation 1630:1642 N-linked glycosylation 1621:1642 N-linked glycosylation of the E protein 1621:1659 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 9 32 theme virulence 1697:1705 arg1 determinant 1677:1687 an important determinant 1664:1687 an important determinant of ZIKV virulence 1664:1705 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 15 33 theme E 2707:2707 arg1 protein 2709:2715 the E protein 2703:2715 the E protein 2703:2715 Our studies suggest glycosylation of the E protein as an important factor contributing to ZIKV pathogenicity. 28931684 9 34 theme E 1651:1651 arg1 protein 1653:1659 the E protein 1647:1659 the E protein 1647:1659 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 4 35 theme ZIKV 944:947 arg1 pathogenicity 927:939 pathogenicity 927:939 pathogenicity of ZIKV 927:947 In the present study, we interrogated the role of this sequence motif and glycosylation of the E protein in pathogenicity of ZIKV. 28931684 3 36 theme recent 801:806 arg1 outbreaks 808:816 the recent outbreaks 797:816 the recent outbreaks 797:816 One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. 28931684 5 37 theme ZIKV 1006:1009 arg1 clone 997:1001 a stable full-length cDNA clone 971:1001 a stable full-length cDNA clone of ZIKV 971:1009 We first constructed a stable full-length cDNA clone of ZIKV in a novel linear vector from which infectious virus was recovered. 28931684 1 38 theme responsible 154:164 arg1 flavivirus 142:151 a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus 119:151 a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus 119:151 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 1 38 theme responsible 154:164 arg1 ZIKV 112:115 ZIKV 112:115 ZIKV 112:115 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 1 38 theme responsible 154:164 arg1 virus 105:109 Zika virus 100:109 Zika virus (ZIKV) 100:116 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 9 39 theme Recent 1736:1741 arg1 emergence 1743:1751 neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence 1711:1751 neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas 1711:1788 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 8 40 theme mutant 1428:1433 arg1 viruses 1435:1441 The mutant viruses 1424:1441 The mutant viruses 1424:1441 The mutant viruses replicate poorly in the brain of infected mice when inoculated subcutaneously but replicate well following intracranial inoculation. 28931684 12 41 theme N-linked 2202:2209 arg1 site 2225:2228 an N-linked glycosylation site 2199:2228 an N-linked glycosylation site within the viral envelope (E) protein 2199:2266 All isolates from the recent outbreaks contain an N-linked glycosylation site within the viral envelope (E) protein whereas many isolates of the African lineage virus lack this site. 28931684 4 42 theme protein 916:922 arg1 motif 883:887 this sequence motif 869:887 this sequence motif 869:887 In the present study, we interrogated the role of this sequence motif and glycosylation of the E protein in pathogenicity of ZIKV. 28931684 4 42 theme protein 916:922 arg1 glycosylation 893:905 glycosylation 893:905 glycosylation of the E protein 893:922 In the present study, we interrogated the role of this sequence motif and glycosylation of the E protein in pathogenicity of ZIKV. 28931684 3 43 from absent 723:728 arg1 many 733:736 many 733:736 many 733:736 One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. 28931684 3 43 from absent 723:728 arg1 isolates 753:760 the African isolates 741:760 the African isolates 741:760 One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. 28931684 15 44 theme protein 2709:2715 arg1 glycosylation 2686:2698 glycosylation 2686:2698 glycosylation of the E protein 2686:2715 Our studies suggest glycosylation of the E protein as an important factor contributing to ZIKV pathogenicity. 28931684 15 44 theme protein 2709:2715 arg1 factor 2733:2738 an important factor 2720:2738 an important factor contributing to ZIKV pathogenicity 2720:2773 Our studies suggest glycosylation of the E protein as an important factor contributing to ZIKV pathogenicity. 28931684 2 45 theme phylogenetic 398:409 arg1 analyses 411:418 genomic and phylogenetic analyses 386:418 genomic and phylogenetic analyses 386:418 Although genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that genetic evolution may have led to enhanced virulence of ZIKV, experimental evidence supporting the role of specific genetic changes in virulence is currently outstanding. 28931684 5 46 theme infectious 1047:1056 arg1 virus 1058:1062 infectious virus 1047:1062 infectious virus 1047:1062 We first constructed a stable full-length cDNA clone of ZIKV in a novel linear vector from which infectious virus was recovered. 28931684 13 47 theme recombinant 2416:2426 arg1 ZIKVs 2428:2432 recombinant ZIKVs 2416:2432 recombinant ZIKVs from infectious clones with or without the glycan on the E protein 2416:2499 To elucidate the functional significance of glycosylation in ZIKV pathogenicity, recombinant ZIKVs from infectious clones with or without the glycan on the E protein were generated. 28931684 12 48 contain contain 2191:2197 arg2 site 2225:2228 an N-linked glycosylation site 2199:2228 an N-linked glycosylation site within the viral envelope (E) protein 2199:2266 All isolates from the recent outbreaks contain an N-linked glycosylation site within the viral envelope (E) protein whereas many isolates of the African lineage virus lack this site. 28931684 12 48 contain contain 2191:2197 arg1 isolates 2156:2163 All isolates 2152:2163 All isolates from the recent outbreaks 2152:2189 All isolates from the recent outbreaks contain an N-linked glycosylation site within the viral envelope (E) protein whereas many isolates of the African lineage virus lack this site. 28931684 9 49 theme virus 1761:1765 arg1 emergence 1743:1751 neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence 1711:1751 neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas 1711:1788 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 12 50 theme viral 2241:2245 arg1 protein 2260:2266 the viral envelope (E) protein 2237:2266 the viral envelope (E) protein 2237:2266 All isolates from the recent outbreaks contain an N-linked glycosylation site within the viral envelope (E) protein whereas many isolates of the African lineage virus lack this site. 28931684 3 51 from many 733:736 arg1 absent 723:728 absent 723:728 absent 723:728 One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. 28931684 9 52 theme ZIKV 1692:1695 arg1 virulence 1697:1705 ZIKV virulence 1692:1705 ZIKV virulence 1692:1705 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 12 53 theme recent 2174:2179 arg1 outbreaks 2181:2189 the recent outbreaks 2170:2189 the recent outbreaks 2170:2189 All isolates from the recent outbreaks contain an N-linked glycosylation site within the viral envelope (E) protein whereas many isolates of the African lineage virus lack this site. 28931684 2 54 theme genomic 386:392 arg1 analyses 411:418 genomic and phylogenetic analyses 386:418 genomic and phylogenetic analyses 386:418 Although genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that genetic evolution may have led to enhanced virulence of ZIKV, experimental evidence supporting the role of specific genetic changes in virulence is currently outstanding. 28931684 0 55 theme Zika 0:3 arg1 Protein 46:52 Zika Virus Encoding Non-Glycosylated Envelope Protein 0:52 Zika Virus Encoding Non-Glycosylated Envelope Protein 0:52 Zika Virus Encoding Non-Glycosylated Envelope Protein is Attenuated and Defective in Neuroinvasion. 28931684 1 56 theme last 255:258 arg1 decade 260:265 the last decade 251:265 the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome 251:374 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 1 57 theme Zika 100:103 arg1 flavivirus 142:151 a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus 119:151 a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus 119:151 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 1 57 theme Zika 100:103 arg1 ZIKV 112:115 ZIKV 112:115 ZIKV 112:115 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 1 57 theme Zika 100:103 arg1 virus 105:109 Zika virus 100:109 Zika virus (ZIKV) 100:116 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 9 58 link N-linked 1621:1628 arg1 determinant 1677:1687 an important determinant 1664:1687 an important determinant of ZIKV virulence 1664:1705 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 9 58 link N-linked 1621:1628 arg1 glycosylation 1630:1642 N-linked glycosylation 1621:1642 N-linked glycosylation of the E protein 1621:1659 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 2 59 theme genetic 433:439 arg1 evolution 441:449 genetic evolution 433:449 genetic evolution 433:449 Although genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that genetic evolution may have led to enhanced virulence of ZIKV, experimental evidence supporting the role of specific genetic changes in virulence is currently outstanding. 28931684 0 60 theme Encoding 11:18 arg1 Protein 46:52 Zika Virus Encoding Non-Glycosylated Envelope Protein 0:52 Zika Virus Encoding Non-Glycosylated Envelope Protein 0:52 Zika Virus Encoding Non-Glycosylated Envelope Protein is Attenuated and Defective in Neuroinvasion. 28931684 12 61 gly glycosylation 2211:2223 arg2 site 2225:2228 an N-linked glycosylation site 2199:2228 an N-linked glycosylation site within the viral envelope (E) protein 2199:2266 All isolates from the recent outbreaks contain an N-linked glycosylation site within the viral envelope (E) protein whereas many isolates of the African lineage virus lack this site. 28931684 8 62 theme infected 1476:1483 arg1 mice 1485:1488 infected mice 1476:1488 infected mice 1476:1488 The mutant viruses replicate poorly in the brain of infected mice when inoculated subcutaneously but replicate well following intracranial inoculation. 28931684 0 63 theme Envelope 37:44 arg1 Protein 46:52 Zika Virus Encoding Non-Glycosylated Envelope Protein 0:52 Zika Virus Encoding Non-Glycosylated Envelope Protein 0:52 Zika Virus Encoding Non-Glycosylated Envelope Protein is Attenuated and Defective in Neuroinvasion. 28931684 1 64 theme human 283:287 arg1 malformations 333:345 congenital malformations 322:345 congenital malformations 322:345 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 1 64 theme human 283:287 arg1 diseases 289:296 serious human diseases 275:296 serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome 275:374 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 1 64 theme human 283:287 arg1 syndrome 367:374 Guillain-Barré syndrome 352:374 Guillain-Barré syndrome 352:374 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 1 64 theme human 283:287 arg1 microcephaly 308:319 microcephaly 308:319 microcephaly 308:319 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 5 65 theme stable 973:978 arg1 clone 997:1001 a stable full-length cDNA clone 971:1001 a stable full-length cDNA clone of ZIKV 971:1009 We first constructed a stable full-length cDNA clone of ZIKV in a novel linear vector from which infectious virus was recovered. 28931684 2 66 theme enhanced 467:474 arg1 virulence 476:484 enhanced virulence 467:484 enhanced virulence of ZIKV 467:492 Although genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that genetic evolution may have led to enhanced virulence of ZIKV, experimental evidence supporting the role of specific genetic changes in virulence is currently outstanding. 28931684 6 67 contain contains 1143:1150 arg1 clone 1130:1134 the infectious clone 1115:1134 the infectious clone 1115:1134 The recombinant ZIKV generated from the infectious clone, which contains the VNDT motif, is highly pathogenic and causes lethality in a mouse model. 28931684 6 67 contain contains 1143:1150 arg2 motif 1161:1165 the VNDT motif 1152:1165 the VNDT motif 1152:1165 The recombinant ZIKV generated from the infectious clone, which contains the VNDT motif, is highly pathogenic and causes lethality in a mouse model. 28931684 3 68 from present 768:774 arg1 isolates 783:790 all isolates 779:790 all isolates from the recent outbreaks 779:816 One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. 28931684 3 69 theme N-linked 644:651 arg1 site 667:670 an N-linked glycosylation site 641:670 an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein 641:698 One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. 28931684 5 70 theme cDNA 992:995 arg1 clone 997:1001 a stable full-length cDNA clone 971:1001 a stable full-length cDNA clone of ZIKV 971:1009 We first constructed a stable full-length cDNA clone of ZIKV in a novel linear vector from which infectious virus was recovered. 28931684 15 71 gly glycosylation 2686:2698 arg1 protein 2709:2715 the E protein 2703:2715 the E protein 2703:2715 Our studies suggest glycosylation of the E protein as an important factor contributing to ZIKV pathogenicity. 28931684 9 72 theme worldwide 1807:1815 arg1 concern 1831:1837 major worldwide public health concern 1801:1837 major worldwide public health concern 1801:1837 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 9 73 theme health 1824:1829 arg1 concern 1831:1837 major worldwide public health concern 1801:1837 major worldwide public health concern 1801:1837 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 2 74 from changes 557:563 arg1 virulence 568:576 virulence 568:576 virulence 568:576 Although genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that genetic evolution may have led to enhanced virulence of ZIKV, experimental evidence supporting the role of specific genetic changes in virulence is currently outstanding. 28931684 11 75 theme genetic 2086:2092 arg1 changes 2094:2100 genetic changes 2086:2100 genetic changes 2086:2100 The factors responsible for the emergence of pathogenic ZIKV are not understood at this time, although genetic changes have been shown to facilitate virus transmission. 28931684 2 76 from virulence 568:576 arg1 role 532:535 the role 528:535 the role of specific genetic changes in virulence 528:576 Although genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that genetic evolution may have led to enhanced virulence of ZIKV, experimental evidence supporting the role of specific genetic changes in virulence is currently outstanding. 28931684 9 77 gly glycosylation 1630:1642 arg1 protein 1653:1659 the E protein 1647:1659 the E protein 1647:1659 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 6 78 from lethality 1200:1208 arg1 model 1221:1225 a mouse model 1213:1225 a mouse model 1213:1225 The recombinant ZIKV generated from the infectious clone, which contains the VNDT motif, is highly pathogenic and causes lethality in a mouse model. 28931684 9 79 theme protein 1653:1659 arg1 determinant 1677:1687 an important determinant 1664:1687 an important determinant of ZIKV virulence 1664:1705 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 9 79 theme protein 1653:1659 arg1 glycosylation 1630:1642 N-linked glycosylation 1621:1642 N-linked glycosylation of the E protein 1621:1659 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 7 80 theme amino 1361:1365 arg1 substitution 1372:1383 single amino acid substitution 1354:1383 single amino acid substitution 1354:1383 In contrast, recombinant viruses from which the VNDT motif is deleted or from which N-linked glycosylation site is mutated by single amino acid substitution, are highly attenuated and non-lethal. 28931684 7 81 theme acid 1367:1370 arg1 substitution 1372:1383 single amino acid substitution 1354:1383 single amino acid substitution 1354:1383 In contrast, recombinant viruses from which the VNDT motif is deleted or from which N-linked glycosylation site is mutated by single amino acid substitution, are highly attenuated and non-lethal. 28931684 9 82 theme N-linked 1621:1628 arg1 determinant 1677:1687 an important determinant 1664:1687 an important determinant of ZIKV virulence 1664:1705 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 9 82 theme N-linked 1621:1628 arg1 glycosylation 1630:1642 N-linked glycosylation 1621:1642 N-linked glycosylation of the E protein 1621:1659 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 9 83 theme neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE 1711:1734 arg1 emergence 1743:1751 neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence 1711:1751 neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas 1711:1788 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 15 84 theme important 2723:2731 arg1 factor 2733:2738 an important factor 2720:2738 an important factor contributing to ZIKV pathogenicity 2720:2773 Our studies suggest glycosylation of the E protein as an important factor contributing to ZIKV pathogenicity. 28931684 15 84 theme important 2723:2731 arg1 glycosylation 2686:2698 glycosylation 2686:2698 glycosylation of the E protein 2686:2715 Our studies suggest glycosylation of the E protein as an important factor contributing to ZIKV pathogenicity. 28931684 10 85 theme human 1916:1920 arg1 microcephaly 1941:1952 microcephaly 1941:1952 microcephaly 1941:1952 The virus appears to have gained significant pathogenicity, causing serious human diseases including microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 10 85 theme human 1916:1920 arg1 syndrome 1973:1980 Guillain-Barré syndrome 1958:1980 Guillain-Barré syndrome 1958:1980 The virus appears to have gained significant pathogenicity, causing serious human diseases including microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 10 85 theme human 1916:1920 arg1 diseases 1922:1929 serious human diseases 1908:1929 serious human diseases including microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome 1908:1980 The virus appears to have gained significant pathogenicity, causing serious human diseases including microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 13 86 theme functional 2352:2361 arg1 significance 2363:2374 the functional significance 2348:2374 the functional significance of glycosylation in ZIKV pathogenicity 2348:2413 To elucidate the functional significance of glycosylation in ZIKV pathogenicity, recombinant ZIKVs from infectious clones with or without the glycan on the E protein were generated. 28931684 11 87 theme responsible 1995:2005 arg1 factors 1987:1993 The factors 1983:1993 The factors responsible for the emergence of pathogenic ZIKV 1983:2042 The factors responsible for the emergence of pathogenic ZIKV are not understood at this time, although genetic changes have been shown to facilitate virus transmission. 28931684 12 88 from outbreaks 2181:2189 arg1 isolates 2156:2163 All isolates 2152:2163 All isolates from the recent outbreaks 2152:2189 All isolates from the recent outbreaks contain an N-linked glycosylation site within the viral envelope (E) protein whereas many isolates of the African lineage virus lack this site. 28931684 1 89 theme mild 192:195 arg1 illness 209:215 mild and febrile illness 192:215 mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia 192:234 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 13 90 from glycan 2477:2482 arg1 protein 2493:2499 the E protein 2487:2499 the E protein 2487:2499 To elucidate the functional significance of glycosylation in ZIKV pathogenicity, recombinant ZIKVs from infectious clones with or without the glycan on the E protein were generated. 28931684 4 91 theme sequence 874:881 arg1 motif 883:887 this sequence motif 869:887 this sequence motif 869:887 In the present study, we interrogated the role of this sequence motif and glycosylation of the E protein in pathogenicity of ZIKV. 28931684 0 92 from Neuroinvasion 85:97 arg1 Defective 72:80 Defective 72:80 Defective 72:80 Zika Virus Encoding Non-Glycosylated Envelope Protein is Attenuated and Defective in Neuroinvasion. 28931684 7 93 theme glycosylation 1321:1333 arg1 site 1335:1338 N-linked glycosylation site 1312:1338 N-linked glycosylation site 1312:1338 In contrast, recombinant viruses from which the VNDT motif is deleted or from which N-linked glycosylation site is mutated by single amino acid substitution, are highly attenuated and non-lethal. 28931684 5 94 theme novel 1016:1020 arg1 vector 1029:1034 a novel linear vector 1014:1034 a novel linear vector from which infectious virus was recovered 1014:1076 We first constructed a stable full-length cDNA clone of ZIKV in a novel linear vector from which infectious virus was recovered. 28931684 3 95 theme sequence 608:615 arg1 VNDT 624:627 VNDT 624:627 VNDT 624:627 One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. 28931684 3 95 theme sequence 608:615 arg1 motif 617:621 One sequence motif 604:621 One sequence motif 604:621 One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. 28931684 1 96 theme febrile 201:207 arg1 illness 209:215 mild and febrile illness 192:215 mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia 192:234 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 2 97 theme specific 540:547 arg1 changes 557:563 specific genetic changes 540:563 specific genetic changes in virulence 540:576 Although genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that genetic evolution may have led to enhanced virulence of ZIKV, experimental evidence supporting the role of specific genetic changes in virulence is currently outstanding. 28931684 0 98 from Defective 72:80 arg1 Neuroinvasion 85:97 Neuroinvasion 85:97 Neuroinvasion 85:97 Zika Virus Encoding Non-Glycosylated Envelope Protein is Attenuated and Defective in Neuroinvasion. 28931684 1 99 from illness 209:215 arg1 Asia 231:234 Asia 231:234 Asia 231:234 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 1 99 from illness 209:215 arg1 Africa 220:225 Africa 220:225 Africa 220:225 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 9 100 theme important 1667:1675 arg1 glycosylation 1630:1642 N-linked glycosylation 1621:1642 N-linked glycosylation of the E protein 1621:1659 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 9 100 theme important 1667:1675 arg1 determinant 1677:1687 an important determinant 1664:1687 an important determinant of ZIKV virulence 1664:1705 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 12 101 theme many 2276:2279 arg1 isolates 2281:2288 many isolates 2276:2288 many isolates of the African lineage virus 2276:2317 All isolates from the recent outbreaks contain an N-linked glycosylation site within the viral envelope (E) protein whereas many isolates of the African lineage virus lack this site. 28931684 3 102 theme African 745:751 arg1 isolates 753:760 the African isolates 741:760 the African isolates 741:760 One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. 28931684 13 103 theme infectious 2439:2448 arg1 clones 2450:2455 infectious clones 2439:2455 infectious clones 2439:2455 To elucidate the functional significance of glycosylation in ZIKV pathogenicity, recombinant ZIKVs from infectious clones with or without the glycan on the E protein were generated. 28931684 13 104 from significance 2363:2374 arg1 pathogenicity 2401:2413 ZIKV pathogenicity 2396:2413 ZIKV pathogenicity 2396:2413 To elucidate the functional significance of glycosylation in ZIKV pathogenicity, recombinant ZIKVs from infectious clones with or without the glycan on the E protein were generated. 28931684 11 105 theme ZIKV 2039:2042 arg1 emergence 2015:2023 the emergence 2011:2023 the emergence of pathogenic ZIKV 2011:2042 The factors responsible for the emergence of pathogenic ZIKV are not understood at this time, although genetic changes have been shown to facilitate virus transmission. 28931684 1 106 theme mosquito-transmitted 121:140 arg1 flavivirus 142:151 a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus 119:151 a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus 119:151 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 1 106 theme mosquito-transmitted 121:140 arg1 virus 105:109 Zika virus 100:109 Zika virus (ZIKV) 100:116 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 12 107 link N-linked 2202:2209 arg1 site 2225:2228 an N-linked glycosylation site 2199:2228 an N-linked glycosylation site within the viral envelope (E) protein 2199:2266 All isolates from the recent outbreaks contain an N-linked glycosylation site within the viral envelope (E) protein whereas many isolates of the African lineage virus lack this site. 28931684 2 108 theme experimental 495:506 arg1 evidence 508:515 experimental evidence 495:515 experimental evidence supporting the role of specific genetic changes in virulence 495:576 Although genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that genetic evolution may have led to enhanced virulence of ZIKV, experimental evidence supporting the role of specific genetic changes in virulence is currently outstanding. 28931684 12 109 theme E 2257:2257 arg1 protein 2260:2266 the viral envelope (E) protein 2237:2266 the viral envelope (E) protein 2237:2266 All isolates from the recent outbreaks contain an N-linked glycosylation site within the viral envelope (E) protein whereas many isolates of the African lineage virus lack this site. 28931684 7 110 theme VNDT 1276:1279 arg1 motif 1281:1285 the VNDT motif 1272:1285 the VNDT motif 1272:1285 In contrast, recombinant viruses from which the VNDT motif is deleted or from which N-linked glycosylation site is mutated by single amino acid substitution, are highly attenuated and non-lethal. 28931684 1 111 theme congenital 322:331 arg1 malformations 333:345 congenital malformations 322:345 congenital malformations 322:345 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 2 112 theme ZIKV 489:492 arg1 virulence 476:484 enhanced virulence 467:484 enhanced virulence of ZIKV 467:492 Although genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that genetic evolution may have led to enhanced virulence of ZIKV, experimental evidence supporting the role of specific genetic changes in virulence is currently outstanding. 28931684 12 113 theme African 2297:2303 arg1 virus 2313:2317 the African lineage virus 2293:2317 the African lineage virus 2293:2317 All isolates from the recent outbreaks contain an N-linked glycosylation site within the viral envelope (E) protein whereas many isolates of the African lineage virus lack this site. 28931684 13 114 theme ZIKV 2396:2399 arg1 pathogenicity 2401:2413 ZIKV pathogenicity 2396:2413 ZIKV pathogenicity 2396:2413 To elucidate the functional significance of glycosylation in ZIKV pathogenicity, recombinant ZIKVs from infectious clones with or without the glycan on the E protein were generated. 28931684 6 115 theme recombinant 1083:1093 arg1 pathogenic 1178:1187 pathogenic 1178:1187 pathogenic 1178:1187 The recombinant ZIKV generated from the infectious clone, which contains the VNDT motif, is highly pathogenic and causes lethality in a mouse model. 28931684 6 115 theme recombinant 1083:1093 arg1 ZIKV 1095:1098 The recombinant ZIKV 1079:1098 The recombinant ZIKV generated from the infectious clone, which contains the VNDT motif, 1079:1166 The recombinant ZIKV generated from the infectious clone, which contains the VNDT motif, is highly pathogenic and causes lethality in a mouse model. 28931684 1 116 theme Guillain-Barré 352:365 arg1 syndrome 367:374 Guillain-Barré syndrome 352:374 Guillain-Barré syndrome 352:374 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 2 117 theme changes 557:563 arg1 role 532:535 the role 528:535 the role of specific genetic changes in virulence 528:576 Although genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that genetic evolution may have led to enhanced virulence of ZIKV, experimental evidence supporting the role of specific genetic changes in virulence is currently outstanding. 28931684 4 118 theme E 914:914 arg1 protein 916:922 the E protein 910:922 the E protein 910:922 In the present study, we interrogated the role of this sequence motif and glycosylation of the E protein in pathogenicity of ZIKV. 28931684 12 119 theme envelope 2247:2254 arg1 protein 2260:2266 the viral envelope (E) protein 2237:2266 the viral envelope (E) protein 2237:2266 All isolates from the recent outbreaks contain an N-linked glycosylation site within the viral envelope (E) protein whereas many isolates of the African lineage virus lack this site. 28931684 12 120 theme glycosylation 2211:2223 arg1 site 2225:2228 an N-linked glycosylation site 2199:2228 an N-linked glycosylation site within the viral envelope (E) protein 2199:2266 All isolates from the recent outbreaks contain an N-linked glycosylation site within the viral envelope (E) protein whereas many isolates of the African lineage virus lack this site. 28931684 0 121 theme Virus 5:9 arg1 Protein 46:52 Zika Virus Encoding Non-Glycosylated Envelope Protein 0:52 Zika Virus Encoding Non-Glycosylated Envelope Protein 0:52 Zika Virus Encoding Non-Glycosylated Envelope Protein is Attenuated and Defective in Neuroinvasion. 28931684 7 122 theme recombinant 1241:1251 arg1 viruses 1253:1259 recombinant viruses 1241:1259 recombinant viruses 1241:1259 In contrast, recombinant viruses from which the VNDT motif is deleted or from which N-linked glycosylation site is mutated by single amino acid substitution, are highly attenuated and non-lethal. 28931684 2 123 theme genetic 549:555 arg1 changes 557:563 specific genetic changes 540:563 specific genetic changes in virulence 540:576 Although genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that genetic evolution may have led to enhanced virulence of ZIKV, experimental evidence supporting the role of specific genetic changes in virulence is currently outstanding. 28931684 0 124 theme Non-Glycosylated 20:35 arg1 Protein 46:52 Zika Virus Encoding Non-Glycosylated Envelope Protein 0:52 Zika Virus Encoding Non-Glycosylated Envelope Protein 0:52 Zika Virus Encoding Non-Glycosylated Envelope Protein is Attenuated and Defective in Neuroinvasion. 28931684 13 125 theme glycosylation 2379:2391 arg1 significance 2363:2374 the functional significance 2348:2374 the functional significance of glycosylation in ZIKV pathogenicity 2348:2413 To elucidate the functional significance of glycosylation in ZIKV pathogenicity, recombinant ZIKVs from infectious clones with or without the glycan on the E protein were generated. 28931684 8 126 theme mice 1485:1488 arg1 brain 1467:1471 the brain 1463:1471 the brain of infected mice 1463:1488 The mutant viruses replicate poorly in the brain of infected mice when inoculated subcutaneously but replicate well following intracranial inoculation. 28931684 3 127 theme glycosylation 653:665 arg1 site 667:670 an N-linked glycosylation site 641:670 an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein 641:698 One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. 28931684 1 128 theme serious 275:281 arg1 malformations 333:345 congenital malformations 322:345 congenital malformations 322:345 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 1 128 theme serious 275:281 arg1 diseases 289:296 serious human diseases 275:296 serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome 275:374 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 1 128 theme serious 275:281 arg1 syndrome 367:374 Guillain-Barré syndrome 352:374 Guillain-Barré syndrome 352:374 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 1 128 theme serious 275:281 arg1 microcephaly 308:319 microcephaly 308:319 microcephaly 308:319 Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 3 129 from outbreaks 808:816 arg1 isolates 783:790 all isolates 779:790 all isolates from the recent outbreaks 779:816 One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. 28931684 3 130 contain containing 630:639 arg1 VNDT 624:627 VNDT 624:627 VNDT 624:627 One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. 28931684 3 130 contain containing 630:639 arg1 motif 617:621 One sequence motif 604:621 One sequence motif 604:621 One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. 28931684 3 130 contain containing 630:639 arg2 site 667:670 an N-linked glycosylation site 641:670 an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein 641:698 One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. 28931684 9 131 theme Zika 1756:1759 arg1 ZIKV 1768:1771 ZIKV 1768:1771 ZIKV 1768:1771 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 9 131 theme Zika 1756:1759 arg1 virus 1761:1765 Zika virus 1756:1765 Zika virus (ZIKV) 1756:1772 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 10 132 theme Guillain-Barré 1958:1971 arg1 syndrome 1973:1980 Guillain-Barré syndrome 1958:1980 Guillain-Barré syndrome 1958:1980 The virus appears to have gained significant pathogenicity, causing serious human diseases including microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. 28931684 9 133 from emergence 1743:1751 arg1 Americas 1781:1788 the Americas 1777:1788 the Americas 1777:1788 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 5 134 theme full-length 980:990 arg1 clone 997:1001 a stable full-length cDNA clone 971:1001 a stable full-length cDNA clone of ZIKV 971:1009 We first constructed a stable full-length cDNA clone of ZIKV in a novel linear vector from which infectious virus was recovered. 28931684 11 135 theme pathogenic 2028:2037 arg1 ZIKV 2039:2042 pathogenic ZIKV 2028:2042 pathogenic ZIKV 2028:2042 The factors responsible for the emergence of pathogenic ZIKV are not understood at this time, although genetic changes have been shown to facilitate virus transmission. 28931684 3 136 theme envelope 679:686 arg1 protein 692:698 the envelope (E) protein 675:698 the envelope (E) protein 675:698 One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. 28931684 12 137 theme virus 2313:2317 arg1 isolates 2281:2288 many isolates 2276:2288 many isolates of the African lineage virus 2276:2317 All isolates from the recent outbreaks contain an N-linked glycosylation site within the viral envelope (E) protein whereas many isolates of the African lineage virus lack this site. 28931684 9 138 theme major 1801:1805 arg1 concern 1831:1837 major worldwide public health concern 1801:1837 major worldwide public health concern 1801:1837 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 3 139 from isolates 783:790 arg1 present 768:774 present 768:774 present 768:774 One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. 28931684 9 140 theme public 1817:1822 arg1 concern 1831:1837 major worldwide public health concern 1801:1837 major worldwide public health concern 1801:1837 Our findings provide the first evidence that N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has caused major worldwide public health concern. 28931684 8 141 theme intracranial 1550:1561 arg1 inoculation 1563:1573 intracranial inoculation 1550:1573 intracranial inoculation 1550:1573 The mutant viruses replicate poorly in the brain of infected mice when inoculated subcutaneously but replicate well following intracranial inoculation. 28931684 11 142 theme virus 2132:2136 arg1 transmission 2138:2149 virus transmission 2132:2149 virus transmission 2132:2149 The factors responsible for the emergence of pathogenic ZIKV are not understood at this time, although genetic changes have been shown to facilitate virus transmission. 25800131 7 0 theme glycan 1210:1215 arg1 proximity 1217:1225 glycan proximity 1210:1225 glycan proximity to the site of polyreactivity 1210:1255 Moreover, glycan proximity to the site of polyreactivity appeared to be a critical factor. 25800131 7 0 theme glycan 1210:1215 arg1 factor 1283:1288 a critical factor 1272:1288 a critical factor 1272:1288 Moreover, glycan proximity to the site of polyreactivity appeared to be a critical factor. 25800131 1 1 theme clinical 166:173 arg1 product 175:181 a clinical product 164:181 a clinical product 164:181 Antibody polyreactivity can be an obstacle to translating a candidate antibody into a clinical product. 25800131 5 2 theme polyreactivity-enhancing 773:796 arg1 mutations 798:806 the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations 769:806 the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites 769:846 The addition of N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites resulted in reduced antibody polyreactivity as measured by (i) anti-cardiolipin ELISA, (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding, and (iii) HEp-2 cell staining. 25800131 8 3 theme antibody 1501:1508 arg1 polyreactivity 1510:1523 reducing antibody polyreactivity 1492:1523 reducing antibody polyreactivity 1492:1523 The results provide evidence that antibody polyreactivity can result from local, rather than global, features of an antibody and that addition of N-linked glycosylation can be an effective approach to reducing antibody polyreactivity. 25800131 8 4 theme effective 1470:1478 arg1 approach 1480:1487 an effective approach 1467:1487 an effective approach to reducing antibody polyreactivity 1467:1523 The results provide evidence that antibody polyreactivity can result from local, rather than global, features of an antibody and that addition of N-linked glycosylation can be an effective approach to reducing antibody polyreactivity. 25800131 8 4 theme effective 1470:1478 arg1 addition 1425:1432 addition 1425:1432 addition of N-linked glycosylation 1425:1458 The results provide evidence that antibody polyreactivity can result from local, rather than global, features of an antibody and that addition of N-linked glycosylation can be an effective approach to reducing antibody polyreactivity. 25800131 3 5 theme known 518:522 arg1 polyreactivity 533:546 polyreactivity 533:546 polyreactivity 533:546 Here we present a method for eliminating antibody polyreactivity through the computational design and genetic addition of N-linked glycosylation near known sites of polyreactivity. 25800131 3 5 theme known 518:522 arg1 sites 524:528 known sites 518:528 known sites of polyreactivity 518:546 Here we present a method for eliminating antibody polyreactivity through the computational design and genetic addition of N-linked glycosylation near known sites of polyreactivity. 25800131 8 6 theme reducing 1492:1499 arg1 polyreactivity 1510:1523 reducing antibody polyreactivity 1492:1523 reducing antibody polyreactivity 1492:1523 The results provide evidence that antibody polyreactivity can result from local, rather than global, features of an antibody and that addition of N-linked glycosylation can be an effective approach to reducing antibody polyreactivity. 25800131 3 7 dep design 459:464 arg1 the 441:443 the 441:443 the 441:443 Here we present a method for eliminating antibody polyreactivity through the computational design and genetic addition of N-linked glycosylation near known sites of polyreactivity. 25800131 2 8 theme polyreactivity 293:306 arg1 measures 281:288 measures 281:288 measures of polyreactivity 281:306 Standard tests such as antibody binding to cardiolipin, HEp-2 cells, or nuclear antigens provide measures of polyreactivity, but its causes and the means to resolve are often unclear. 25800131 5 9 theme Multi-Lyte 955:964 arg1 binding 970:976 (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding 935:976 (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding 935:976 The addition of N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites resulted in reduced antibody polyreactivity as measured by (i) anti-cardiolipin ELISA, (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding, and (iii) HEp-2 cell staining. 25800131 6 10 theme differential 1165:1176 arg1 calorimetry 1187:1197 differential scanning calorimetry 1165:1197 differential scanning calorimetry 1165:1197 The reduced polyreactivity trended with increased antibody concentration over time in mice, but not with improved overall protein stability as measured by differential scanning calorimetry. 25800131 1 11 theme Antibody 80:87 arg1 polyreactivity 89:102 Antibody polyreactivity 80:102 Antibody polyreactivity 80:102 Antibody polyreactivity can be an obstacle to translating a candidate antibody into a clinical product. 25800131 1 11 theme Antibody 80:87 arg1 obstacle 114:121 an obstacle 111:121 an obstacle to translating a candidate antibody into a clinical product 111:181 Antibody polyreactivity can be an obstacle to translating a candidate antibody into a clinical product. 25800131 5 12 theme N-linked 740:747 arg1 glycans 749:755 N-linked glycans 740:755 N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites 740:846 The addition of N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites resulted in reduced antibody polyreactivity as measured by (i) anti-cardiolipin ELISA, (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding, and (iii) HEp-2 cell staining. 25800131 6 13 theme improved 1115:1122 arg1 stability 1140:1148 improved overall protein stability 1115:1148 improved overall protein stability 1115:1148 The reduced polyreactivity trended with increased antibody concentration over time in mice, but not with improved overall protein stability as measured by differential scanning calorimetry. 25800131 6 14 from concentration 1069:1081 arg1 mice 1096:1099 mice 1096:1099 mice 1096:1099 The reduced polyreactivity trended with increased antibody concentration over time in mice, but not with improved overall protein stability as measured by differential scanning calorimetry. 25800131 3 15 theme polyreactivity 533:546 arg1 polyreactivity 533:546 polyreactivity 533:546 polyreactivity 533:546 Here we present a method for eliminating antibody polyreactivity through the computational design and genetic addition of N-linked glycosylation near known sites of polyreactivity. 25800131 3 15 theme polyreactivity 533:546 arg1 sites 524:528 known sites 518:528 known sites of polyreactivity 518:546 Here we present a method for eliminating antibody polyreactivity through the computational design and genetic addition of N-linked glycosylation near known sites of polyreactivity. 25800131 6 16 theme antibody 1060:1067 arg1 concentration 1069:1081 increased antibody concentration 1050:1081 increased antibody concentration over time in mice 1050:1099 The reduced polyreactivity trended with increased antibody concentration over time in mice, but not with improved overall protein stability as measured by differential scanning calorimetry. 25800131 8 17 theme antibody 1325:1332 arg1 polyreactivity 1334:1347 antibody polyreactivity 1325:1347 antibody polyreactivity 1325:1347 The results provide evidence that antibody polyreactivity can result from local, rather than global, features of an antibody and that addition of N-linked glycosylation can be an effective approach to reducing antibody polyreactivity. 25800131 5 18 theme glycans 749:755 arg1 addition 728:735 The addition 724:735 The addition of N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites 724:846 The addition of N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites resulted in reduced antibody polyreactivity as measured by (i) anti-cardiolipin ELISA, (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding, and (iii) HEp-2 cell staining. 25800131 5 19 theme anti-cardiolipin 911:926 arg1 ELISA 928:932 (i) anti-cardiolipin ELISA 907:932 (i) anti-cardiolipin ELISA 907:932 The addition of N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites resulted in reduced antibody polyreactivity as measured by (i) anti-cardiolipin ELISA, (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding, and (iii) HEp-2 cell staining. 25800131 4 20 used used 552:555 arg2 We 549:550 We 549:550 We 549:550 We used the HIV-1-neutralizing antibody, VRC07, as a test case, since efforts to increase VRC07 potency at three spatially distinct sites resulted in enhanced polyreactivity. 25800131 8 21 link N-linked 1437:1444 arg1 glycosylation 1446:1458 N-linked glycosylation 1437:1458 N-linked glycosylation 1437:1458 The results provide evidence that antibody polyreactivity can result from local, rather than global, features of an antibody and that addition of N-linked glycosylation can be an effective approach to reducing antibody polyreactivity. 25800131 0 22 theme antibody 12:19 arg1 polyreactivity 21:34 antibody polyreactivity 12:34 antibody polyreactivity 12:34 Eliminating antibody polyreactivity through addition of N-linked glycosylation. 25800131 0 23 link N-linked 56:63 arg1 glycosylation 65:77 N-linked glycosylation 56:77 N-linked glycosylation 56:77 Eliminating antibody polyreactivity through addition of N-linked glycosylation. 25800131 3 24 theme antibody 409:416 arg1 polyreactivity 418:431 antibody polyreactivity 409:431 antibody polyreactivity 409:431 Here we present a method for eliminating antibody polyreactivity through the computational design and genetic addition of N-linked glycosylation near known sites of polyreactivity. 25800131 7 25 theme critical 1274:1281 arg1 proximity 1217:1225 glycan proximity 1210:1225 glycan proximity to the site of polyreactivity 1210:1255 Moreover, glycan proximity to the site of polyreactivity appeared to be a critical factor. 25800131 7 25 theme critical 1274:1281 arg1 factor 1283:1288 a critical factor 1272:1288 a critical factor 1272:1288 Moreover, glycan proximity to the site of polyreactivity appeared to be a critical factor. 25800131 4 26 theme HIV-1-neutralizing 561:578 arg1 case 607:610 a test case 600:610 a test case 600:610 We used the HIV-1-neutralizing antibody, VRC07, as a test case, since efforts to increase VRC07 potency at three spatially distinct sites resulted in enhanced polyreactivity. 25800131 4 26 theme HIV-1-neutralizing 561:578 arg1 antibody 580:587 the HIV-1-neutralizing antibody 557:587 the HIV-1-neutralizing antibody 557:587 We used the HIV-1-neutralizing antibody, VRC07, as a test case, since efforts to increase VRC07 potency at three spatially distinct sites resulted in enhanced polyreactivity. 25800131 5 27 theme Luminex 940:946 arg1 binding 970:976 (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding 935:976 (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding 935:976 The addition of N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites resulted in reduced antibody polyreactivity as measured by (i) anti-cardiolipin ELISA, (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding, and (iii) HEp-2 cell staining. 25800131 5 28 dep staining 1000:1007 arg1 iii 984:986 iii 984:986 iii 984:986 The addition of N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites resulted in reduced antibody polyreactivity as measured by (i) anti-cardiolipin ELISA, (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding, and (iii) HEp-2 cell staining. 25800131 5 29 theme reduced 860:866 arg1 polyreactivity 877:890 reduced antibody polyreactivity 860:890 reduced antibody polyreactivity 860:890 The addition of N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites resulted in reduced antibody polyreactivity as measured by (i) anti-cardiolipin ELISA, (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding, and (iii) HEp-2 cell staining. 25800131 6 30 theme overall 1124:1130 arg1 stability 1140:1148 improved overall protein stability 1115:1148 improved overall protein stability 1115:1148 The reduced polyreactivity trended with increased antibody concentration over time in mice, but not with improved overall protein stability as measured by differential scanning calorimetry. 25800131 5 31 theme AtheNA 948:953 arg1 binding 970:976 (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding 935:976 (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding 935:976 The addition of N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites resulted in reduced antibody polyreactivity as measured by (i) anti-cardiolipin ELISA, (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding, and (iii) HEp-2 cell staining. 25800131 5 32 theme ANA 966:968 arg1 binding 970:976 (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding 935:976 (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding 935:976 The addition of N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites resulted in reduced antibody polyreactivity as measured by (i) anti-cardiolipin ELISA, (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding, and (iii) HEp-2 cell staining. 25800131 8 33 theme local 1365:1369 arg1 features 1392:1399 local, rather than global, features 1365:1399 local, rather than global, features of an antibody 1365:1414 The results provide evidence that antibody polyreactivity can result from local, rather than global, features of an antibody and that addition of N-linked glycosylation can be an effective approach to reducing antibody polyreactivity. 25800131 5 34 dep ELISA 928:932 arg1 i 908:908 i 908:908 i 908:908 The addition of N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites resulted in reduced antibody polyreactivity as measured by (i) anti-cardiolipin ELISA, (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding, and (iii) HEp-2 cell staining. 25800131 6 35 theme scanning 1178:1185 arg1 calorimetry 1187:1197 differential scanning calorimetry 1165:1197 differential scanning calorimetry 1165:1197 The reduced polyreactivity trended with increased antibody concentration over time in mice, but not with improved overall protein stability as measured by differential scanning calorimetry. 25800131 2 36 dep means 332:336 arg1 resolve 341:347 resolve 341:347 to resolve 338:347 Standard tests such as antibody binding to cardiolipin, HEp-2 cells, or nuclear antigens provide measures of polyreactivity, but its causes and the means to resolve are often unclear. 25800131 3 37 theme genetic 470:476 arg1 addition 478:485 genetic addition 470:485 genetic addition 470:485 Here we present a method for eliminating antibody polyreactivity through the computational design and genetic addition of N-linked glycosylation near known sites of polyreactivity. 25800131 4 38 theme enhanced 699:706 arg1 polyreactivity 708:721 enhanced polyreactivity 699:721 enhanced polyreactivity 699:721 We used the HIV-1-neutralizing antibody, VRC07, as a test case, since efforts to increase VRC07 potency at three spatially distinct sites resulted in enhanced polyreactivity. 25800131 4 39 theme VRC07 639:643 arg1 potency 645:651 VRC07 potency 639:651 VRC07 potency 639:651 We used the HIV-1-neutralizing antibody, VRC07, as a test case, since efforts to increase VRC07 potency at three spatially distinct sites resulted in enhanced polyreactivity. 25800131 5 40 theme cell 995:998 arg1 staining 1000:1007 (iii) HEp-2 cell staining 983:1007 (iii) HEp-2 cell staining 983:1007 The addition of N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites resulted in reduced antibody polyreactivity as measured by (i) anti-cardiolipin ELISA, (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding, and (iii) HEp-2 cell staining. 25800131 6 41 theme increased 1050:1058 arg1 concentration 1069:1081 increased antibody concentration 1050:1081 increased antibody concentration over time in mice 1050:1099 The reduced polyreactivity trended with increased antibody concentration over time in mice, but not with improved overall protein stability as measured by differential scanning calorimetry. 25800131 3 42 theme computational 445:457 arg1 design 459:464 computational design 445:464 computational design 445:464 Here we present a method for eliminating antibody polyreactivity through the computational design and genetic addition of N-linked glycosylation near known sites of polyreactivity. 25800131 2 43 theme Standard 184:191 arg1 tests 193:197 Standard tests 184:197 Standard tests such as antibody binding to cardiolipin, HEp-2 cells, or nuclear antigens 184:271 Standard tests such as antibody binding to cardiolipin, HEp-2 cells, or nuclear antigens provide measures of polyreactivity, but its causes and the means to resolve are often unclear. 25800131 2 43 theme Standard 184:191 arg1 binding 216:222 antibody binding 207:222 antibody binding to cardiolipin, HEp-2 cells, or nuclear antigens 207:271 Standard tests such as antibody binding to cardiolipin, HEp-2 cells, or nuclear antigens provide measures of polyreactivity, but its causes and the means to resolve are often unclear. 25800131 2 44 theme HEp-2 240:244 arg1 cells 246:250 HEp-2 cells 240:250 HEp-2 cells 240:250 Standard tests such as antibody binding to cardiolipin, HEp-2 cells, or nuclear antigens provide measures of polyreactivity, but its causes and the means to resolve are often unclear. 25800131 5 45 theme antibody 868:875 arg1 polyreactivity 877:890 reduced antibody polyreactivity 860:890 reduced antibody polyreactivity 860:890 The addition of N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites resulted in reduced antibody polyreactivity as measured by (i) anti-cardiolipin ELISA, (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding, and (iii) HEp-2 cell staining. 25800131 0 46 theme glycosylation 65:77 arg1 addition 44:51 addition 44:51 addition of N-linked glycosylation 44:77 Eliminating antibody polyreactivity through addition of N-linked glycosylation. 25800131 8 47 theme glycosylation 1446:1458 arg1 addition 1425:1432 addition 1425:1432 addition of N-linked glycosylation 1425:1458 The results provide evidence that antibody polyreactivity can result from local, rather than global, features of an antibody and that addition of N-linked glycosylation can be an effective approach to reducing antibody polyreactivity. 25800131 8 47 theme glycosylation 1446:1458 arg1 approach 1480:1487 an effective approach 1467:1487 an effective approach to reducing antibody polyreactivity 1467:1523 The results provide evidence that antibody polyreactivity can result from local, rather than global, features of an antibody and that addition of N-linked glycosylation can be an effective approach to reducing antibody polyreactivity. 25800131 8 48 theme N-linked 1437:1444 arg1 glycosylation 1446:1458 N-linked glycosylation 1437:1458 N-linked glycosylation 1437:1458 The results provide evidence that antibody polyreactivity can result from local, rather than global, features of an antibody and that addition of N-linked glycosylation can be an effective approach to reducing antibody polyreactivity. 25800131 5 49 theme distinct 833:840 arg1 sites 842:846 the spatially distinct sites 819:846 the spatially distinct sites 819:846 The addition of N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites resulted in reduced antibody polyreactivity as measured by (i) anti-cardiolipin ELISA, (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding, and (iii) HEp-2 cell staining. 25800131 3 50 theme N-linked 490:497 arg1 glycosylation 499:511 N-linked glycosylation 490:511 N-linked glycosylation 490:511 Here we present a method for eliminating antibody polyreactivity through the computational design and genetic addition of N-linked glycosylation near known sites of polyreactivity. 25800131 0 51 theme N-linked 56:63 arg1 glycosylation 65:77 N-linked glycosylation 56:77 N-linked glycosylation 56:77 Eliminating antibody polyreactivity through addition of N-linked glycosylation. 25800131 5 52 link N-linked 740:747 arg1 glycans 749:755 N-linked glycans 740:755 N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites 740:846 The addition of N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites resulted in reduced antibody polyreactivity as measured by (i) anti-cardiolipin ELISA, (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding, and (iii) HEp-2 cell staining. 25800131 4 53 dep efforts 619:625 arg1 increase 630:637 increase 630:637 to increase VRC07 potency at three spatially distinct sites 627:685 We used the HIV-1-neutralizing antibody, VRC07, as a test case, since efforts to increase VRC07 potency at three spatially distinct sites resulted in enhanced polyreactivity. 25800131 3 54 theme glycosylation 499:511 arg1 design 459:464 computational design 445:464 computational design 445:464 Here we present a method for eliminating antibody polyreactivity through the computational design and genetic addition of N-linked glycosylation near known sites of polyreactivity. 25800131 3 54 theme glycosylation 499:511 arg1 addition 478:485 genetic addition 470:485 genetic addition 470:485 Here we present a method for eliminating antibody polyreactivity through the computational design and genetic addition of N-linked glycosylation near known sites of polyreactivity. 25800131 3 55 link N-linked 490:497 arg1 glycosylation 499:511 N-linked glycosylation 490:511 N-linked glycosylation 490:511 Here we present a method for eliminating antibody polyreactivity through the computational design and genetic addition of N-linked glycosylation near known sites of polyreactivity. 25800131 8 56 theme antibody 1407:1414 arg1 features 1392:1399 local, rather than global, features 1365:1399 local, rather than global, features of an antibody 1365:1414 The results provide evidence that antibody polyreactivity can result from local, rather than global, features of an antibody and that addition of N-linked glycosylation can be an effective approach to reducing antibody polyreactivity. 25800131 8 57 theme global 1384:1389 arg1 features 1392:1399 local, rather than global, features 1365:1399 local, rather than global, features of an antibody 1365:1414 The results provide evidence that antibody polyreactivity can result from local, rather than global, features of an antibody and that addition of N-linked glycosylation can be an effective approach to reducing antibody polyreactivity. 25800131 1 58 theme candidate 140:148 arg1 antibody 150:157 a candidate antibody 138:157 a candidate antibody 138:157 Antibody polyreactivity can be an obstacle to translating a candidate antibody into a clinical product. 25800131 6 59 theme protein 1132:1138 arg1 stability 1140:1148 improved overall protein stability 1115:1148 improved overall protein stability 1115:1148 The reduced polyreactivity trended with increased antibody concentration over time in mice, but not with improved overall protein stability as measured by differential scanning calorimetry. 25800131 2 60 theme antibody 207:214 arg1 binding 216:222 antibody binding 207:222 antibody binding to cardiolipin, HEp-2 cells, or nuclear antigens 207:271 Standard tests such as antibody binding to cardiolipin, HEp-2 cells, or nuclear antigens provide measures of polyreactivity, but its causes and the means to resolve are often unclear. 25800131 2 61 theme nuclear 256:262 arg1 antigens 264:271 nuclear antigens 256:271 nuclear antigens 256:271 Standard tests such as antibody binding to cardiolipin, HEp-2 cells, or nuclear antigens provide measures of polyreactivity, but its causes and the means to resolve are often unclear. 25800131 5 62 dep binding 970:976 arg1 ii 936:937 ii 936:937 ii 936:937 The addition of N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites resulted in reduced antibody polyreactivity as measured by (i) anti-cardiolipin ELISA, (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding, and (iii) HEp-2 cell staining. 25800131 4 63 theme test 602:605 arg1 case 607:610 a test case 600:610 a test case 600:610 We used the HIV-1-neutralizing antibody, VRC07, as a test case, since efforts to increase VRC07 potency at three spatially distinct sites resulted in enhanced polyreactivity. 25800131 4 63 theme test 602:605 arg1 antibody 580:587 the HIV-1-neutralizing antibody 557:587 the HIV-1-neutralizing antibody 557:587 We used the HIV-1-neutralizing antibody, VRC07, as a test case, since efforts to increase VRC07 potency at three spatially distinct sites resulted in enhanced polyreactivity. 25800131 5 64 theme proximal 757:764 arg1 glycans 749:755 N-linked glycans 740:755 N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites 740:846 The addition of N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites resulted in reduced antibody polyreactivity as measured by (i) anti-cardiolipin ELISA, (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding, and (iii) HEp-2 cell staining. 25800131 6 65 theme reduced 1014:1020 arg1 polyreactivity 1022:1035 The reduced polyreactivity 1010:1035 The reduced polyreactivity 1010:1035 The reduced polyreactivity trended with increased antibody concentration over time in mice, but not with improved overall protein stability as measured by differential scanning calorimetry. 25800131 7 66 theme polyreactivity 1242:1255 arg1 polyreactivity 1242:1255 polyreactivity 1242:1255 polyreactivity 1242:1255 Moreover, glycan proximity to the site of polyreactivity appeared to be a critical factor. 25800131 7 66 theme polyreactivity 1242:1255 arg1 site 1234:1237 the site 1230:1237 the site of polyreactivity 1230:1255 Moreover, glycan proximity to the site of polyreactivity appeared to be a critical factor. 25800131 5 67 from each 811:814 arg1 mutations 798:806 the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations 769:806 the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites 769:846 The addition of N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites resulted in reduced antibody polyreactivity as measured by (i) anti-cardiolipin ELISA, (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding, and (iii) HEp-2 cell staining. 25800131 5 68 theme HEp-2 989:993 arg1 staining 1000:1007 (iii) HEp-2 cell staining 983:1007 (iii) HEp-2 cell staining 983:1007 The addition of N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites resulted in reduced antibody polyreactivity as measured by (i) anti-cardiolipin ELISA, (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding, and (iii) HEp-2 cell staining. 25800131 4 69 theme distinct 672:679 arg1 sites 681:685 three spatially distinct sites 656:685 three spatially distinct sites 656:685 We used the HIV-1-neutralizing antibody, VRC07, as a test case, since efforts to increase VRC07 potency at three spatially distinct sites resulted in enhanced polyreactivity. 25285362 5 0 theme functional 611:620 arg1 properties 622:631 functional properties 611:631 functional properties of gp120 such as its N-linked glycosylation 611:675 Whether this codon optimization affects functional properties of gp120 such as its N-linked glycosylation is unknown. 25285362 5 0 theme functional 611:620 arg1 glycosylation 663:675 its N-linked glycosylation 650:675 its N-linked glycosylation 650:675 Whether this codon optimization affects functional properties of gp120 such as its N-linked glycosylation is unknown. 25285362 0 1 link N-linked 80:87 arg1 glycosylation 89:101 N-linked glycosylation 80:101 N-linked glycosylation of HIV-1 gp120 80:116 Mass spectrometry approach and ELISA reveal the effect of codon optimization on N-linked glycosylation of HIV-1 gp120. 25285362 1 2 theme viral 143:147 arg1 gp120 194:198 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 166:198 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 166:198 The genes encoding many viral proteins such as HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 have a tendency for codons that are poorly used by the human genome. 25285362 1 2 theme viral 143:147 arg1 proteins 149:156 many viral proteins 138:156 many viral proteins such as HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 138:198 The genes encoding many viral proteins such as HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 have a tendency for codons that are poorly used by the human genome. 25285362 2 3 located present 301:307 arg1 genome 320:325 the HIV genome 312:325 the HIV genome 312:325 Why these codons are frequently present in the HIV genome is not known. 25285362 2 3 located present 301:307 arg2 codons 279:284 these codons 273:284 these codons 273:284 Why these codons are frequently present in the HIV genome is not known. 25285362 4 4 theme poor 432:435 arg1 codons 437:442 The poor codons 428:442 The poor codons 428:442 The poor codons are replaced by synonymous codons that are frequently present in the highly expressed human genes to overexpress this protein. 25285362 0 5 theme optimization 64:75 arg1 effect 48:53 the effect 44:53 the effect of codon optimization on N-linked glycosylation of HIV-1 gp120 44:116 Mass spectrometry approach and ELISA reveal the effect of codon optimization on N-linked glycosylation of HIV-1 gp120. 25285362 4 6 from present 498:504 arg1 genes 536:540 the highly expressed human genes 509:540 the highly expressed human genes 509:540 The poor codons are replaced by synonymous codons that are frequently present in the highly expressed human genes to overexpress this protein. 25285362 2 7 from present 301:307 arg1 genome 320:325 the HIV genome 312:325 the HIV genome 312:325 Why these codons are frequently present in the HIV genome is not known. 25285362 2 8 theme HIV 316:318 arg1 genome 320:325 the HIV genome 312:325 the HIV genome 312:325 Why these codons are frequently present in the HIV genome is not known. 25285362 4 9 theme human 530:534 arg1 genes 536:540 the highly expressed human genes 509:540 the highly expressed human genes 509:540 The poor codons are replaced by synonymous codons that are frequently present in the highly expressed human genes to overexpress this protein. 25285362 4 10 theme synonymous 460:469 arg1 codons 471:476 synonymous codons 460:476 synonymous codons that are frequently present in the highly expressed human genes to overexpress this protein 460:568 The poor codons are replaced by synonymous codons that are frequently present in the highly expressed human genes to overexpress this protein. 25285362 7 11 theme transferase 1137:1147 arg1 complex 1149:1155 oligosaccharide transferase complex 1121:1155 oligosaccharide transferase complex to the glycosylation sites 1121:1182 Using this mass-spectrometry approach in combination with ELISA, it is found that codon optimization significantly reduces the frequency with which the dolichol pyrophosphate-linked oligosaccharide is added by the catalytic subunits of oligosaccharide transferase complex to the glycosylation sites. 25285362 6 12 theme peptides 809:816 arg1 measurement 760:770 the direct measurement 749:770 the direct measurement of deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides with putative N-linked glycosylation sites 749:859 We applied a bottom-up mass-spectrometry-based workflow for the direct measurement of deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides with putative N-linked glycosylation sites, that is, NxS/T motifs. 25285362 4 13 located present 498:504 arg2 codons 471:476 synonymous codons 460:476 synonymous codons that are frequently present in the highly expressed human genes to overexpress this protein 460:568 The poor codons are replaced by synonymous codons that are frequently present in the highly expressed human genes to overexpress this protein. 25285362 4 13 located present 498:504 arg1 genes 536:540 the highly expressed human genes 509:540 the highly expressed human genes 509:540 The poor codons are replaced by synonymous codons that are frequently present in the highly expressed human genes to overexpress this protein. 25285362 9 14 theme vaccine 1359:1365 arg1 development 1342:1352 successful development 1331:1352 successful development of a vaccine against HIV-1 1331:1379 These data are essential for biochemical studies of gp120 and successful development of a vaccine against HIV-1. 25285362 9 14 theme vaccine 1359:1365 arg1 studies 1310:1316 biochemical studies 1298:1316 biochemical studies of gp120 1298:1325 These data are essential for biochemical studies of gp120 and successful development of a vaccine against HIV-1. 25285362 0 15 theme N-linked 80:87 arg1 glycosylation 89:101 N-linked glycosylation 80:101 N-linked glycosylation of HIV-1 gp120 80:116 Mass spectrometry approach and ELISA reveal the effect of codon optimization on N-linked glycosylation of HIV-1 gp120. 25285362 0 16 from effect 48:53 arg1 glycosylation 89:101 N-linked glycosylation 80:101 N-linked glycosylation of HIV-1 gp120 80:116 Mass spectrometry approach and ELISA reveal the effect of codon optimization on N-linked glycosylation of HIV-1 gp120. 25285362 5 17 theme gp120 636:640 arg1 properties 622:631 functional properties 611:631 functional properties of gp120 such as its N-linked glycosylation 611:675 Whether this codon optimization affects functional properties of gp120 such as its N-linked glycosylation is unknown. 25285362 5 17 theme gp120 636:640 arg1 glycosylation 663:675 its N-linked glycosylation 650:675 its N-linked glycosylation 650:675 Whether this codon optimization affects functional properties of gp120 such as its N-linked glycosylation is unknown. 25285362 6 18 theme unglycosylated 794:807 arg1 peptides 809:816 deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides 775:816 deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides with putative N-linked glycosylation sites 775:859 We applied a bottom-up mass-spectrometry-based workflow for the direct measurement of deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides with putative N-linked glycosylation sites, that is, NxS/T motifs. 25285362 6 19 gly glycosylation 841:853 arg2 sites 855:859 putative N-linked glycosylation sites 823:859 putative N-linked glycosylation sites 823:859 We applied a bottom-up mass-spectrometry-based workflow for the direct measurement of deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides with putative N-linked glycosylation sites, that is, NxS/T motifs. 25285362 8 20 theme broadly 1236:1242 arg1 antibodies 1257:1266 glycan-dependent broadly neutralizing antibodies 1219:1266 glycan-dependent broadly neutralizing antibodies 1219:1266 This reduction affects binding of glycan-dependent broadly neutralizing antibodies. 25285362 0 21 theme HIV-1 106:110 arg1 gp120 112:116 HIV-1 gp120 106:116 HIV-1 gp120 106:116 Mass spectrometry approach and ELISA reveal the effect of codon optimization on N-linked glycosylation of HIV-1 gp120. 25285362 3 22 theme HIV-1 391:395 arg1 gp120 397:401 HIV-1 gp120 391:401 HIV-1 gp120 391:401 The presence of these codons limits expression of HIV-1 gp120 for biochemical studies. 25285362 1 23 gly glycoprotein 181:192 arg1 glycoprotein 181:192 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 166:198 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 166:198 The genes encoding many viral proteins such as HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 have a tendency for codons that are poorly used by the human genome. 25285362 2 24 from genome 320:325 arg1 present 301:307 present 301:307 present 301:307 Why these codons are frequently present in the HIV genome is not known. 25285362 8 25 theme glycan-dependent 1219:1234 arg1 antibodies 1257:1266 glycan-dependent broadly neutralizing antibodies 1219:1266 glycan-dependent broadly neutralizing antibodies 1219:1266 This reduction affects binding of glycan-dependent broadly neutralizing antibodies. 25285362 10 26 theme mass-spectrometry 1414:1430 arg1 approach 1432:1439 a mass-spectrometry approach 1412:1439 a mass-spectrometry approach for studying the site-specific N-linked glycosylation efficiency of glycoproteins 1412:1521 Furthermore, they demonstrate a mass-spectrometry approach for studying the site-specific N-linked glycosylation efficiency of glycoproteins. 25285362 3 27 theme gp120 397:401 arg1 expression 377:386 expression 377:386 expression of HIV-1 gp120 for biochemical studies 377:425 The presence of these codons limits expression of HIV-1 gp120 for biochemical studies. 25285362 0 28 theme spectrometry 5:16 arg1 approach 18:25 Mass spectrometry approach 0:25 Mass spectrometry approach 0:25 Mass spectrometry approach and ELISA reveal the effect of codon optimization on N-linked glycosylation of HIV-1 gp120. 25285362 2 29 attach present 301:307 arg1 genome 320:325 the HIV genome 312:325 the HIV genome 312:325 Why these codons are frequently present in the HIV genome is not known. 25285362 2 29 attach present 301:307 arg2 codons 279:284 these codons 273:284 these codons 273:284 Why these codons are frequently present in the HIV genome is not known. 25285362 7 30 theme catalytic 1099:1107 arg1 subunits 1109:1116 the catalytic subunits 1095:1116 the catalytic subunits of oligosaccharide transferase complex to the glycosylation sites 1095:1182 Using this mass-spectrometry approach in combination with ELISA, it is found that codon optimization significantly reduces the frequency with which the dolichol pyrophosphate-linked oligosaccharide is added by the catalytic subunits of oligosaccharide transferase complex to the glycosylation sites. 25285362 10 31 theme glycoproteins 1509:1521 arg1 efficiency 1495:1504 the site-specific N-linked glycosylation efficiency 1454:1504 the site-specific N-linked glycosylation efficiency of glycoproteins 1454:1521 Furthermore, they demonstrate a mass-spectrometry approach for studying the site-specific N-linked glycosylation efficiency of glycoproteins. 25285362 1 32 theme HIV-1 166:170 arg1 gp120 194:198 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 166:198 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 166:198 The genes encoding many viral proteins such as HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 have a tendency for codons that are poorly used by the human genome. 25285362 0 33 theme Mass 0:3 arg1 approach 18:25 Mass spectrometry approach 0:25 Mass spectrometry approach 0:25 Mass spectrometry approach and ELISA reveal the effect of codon optimization on N-linked glycosylation of HIV-1 gp120. 25285362 7 34 with combination 926:936 arg1 ELISA 943:947 ELISA 943:947 ELISA 943:947 Using this mass-spectrometry approach in combination with ELISA, it is found that codon optimization significantly reduces the frequency with which the dolichol pyrophosphate-linked oligosaccharide is added by the catalytic subunits of oligosaccharide transferase complex to the glycosylation sites. 25285362 9 35 theme successful 1331:1340 arg1 development 1342:1352 successful development 1331:1352 successful development of a vaccine against HIV-1 1331:1379 These data are essential for biochemical studies of gp120 and successful development of a vaccine against HIV-1. 25285362 10 36 link N-linked 1472:1479 arg1 glycosylation 1481:1493 the site-specific N-linked glycosylation 1454:1493 the site-specific N-linked glycosylation efficiency of glycoproteins 1454:1521 Furthermore, they demonstrate a mass-spectrometry approach for studying the site-specific N-linked glycosylation efficiency of glycoproteins. 25285362 0 37 gly glycosylation 89:101 arg1 gp120 112:116 HIV-1 gp120 106:116 HIV-1 gp120 106:116 Mass spectrometry approach and ELISA reveal the effect of codon optimization on N-linked glycosylation of HIV-1 gp120. 25285362 1 38 theme envelope 172:179 arg1 gp120 194:198 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 166:198 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 166:198 The genes encoding many viral proteins such as HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 have a tendency for codons that are poorly used by the human genome. 25285362 8 39 theme antibodies 1257:1266 arg1 binding 1208:1214 binding 1208:1214 binding of glycan-dependent broadly neutralizing antibodies 1208:1266 This reduction affects binding of glycan-dependent broadly neutralizing antibodies. 25285362 1 40 theme human 255:259 arg1 genome 261:266 the human genome 251:266 the human genome 251:266 The genes encoding many viral proteins such as HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 have a tendency for codons that are poorly used by the human genome. 25285362 6 41 theme direct 753:758 arg1 measurement 760:770 the direct measurement 749:770 the direct measurement of deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides with putative N-linked glycosylation sites 749:859 We applied a bottom-up mass-spectrometry-based workflow for the direct measurement of deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides with putative N-linked glycosylation sites, that is, NxS/T motifs. 25285362 7 42 theme oligosaccharide 1121:1135 arg1 complex 1149:1155 oligosaccharide transferase complex 1121:1155 oligosaccharide transferase complex to the glycosylation sites 1121:1182 Using this mass-spectrometry approach in combination with ELISA, it is found that codon optimization significantly reduces the frequency with which the dolichol pyrophosphate-linked oligosaccharide is added by the catalytic subunits of oligosaccharide transferase complex to the glycosylation sites. 25285362 1 43 theme glycoprotein 181:192 arg1 gp120 194:198 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 166:198 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 166:198 The genes encoding many viral proteins such as HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 have a tendency for codons that are poorly used by the human genome. 25285362 6 44 with peptides 809:816 arg1 sites 855:859 putative N-linked glycosylation sites 823:859 putative N-linked glycosylation sites 823:859 We applied a bottom-up mass-spectrometry-based workflow for the direct measurement of deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides with putative N-linked glycosylation sites, that is, NxS/T motifs. 25285362 4 45 theme expressed 520:528 arg1 genes 536:540 the highly expressed human genes 509:540 the highly expressed human genes 509:540 The poor codons are replaced by synonymous codons that are frequently present in the highly expressed human genes to overexpress this protein. 25285362 0 46 theme gp120 112:116 arg1 glycosylation 89:101 N-linked glycosylation 80:101 N-linked glycosylation of HIV-1 gp120 80:116 Mass spectrometry approach and ELISA reveal the effect of codon optimization on N-linked glycosylation of HIV-1 gp120. 25285362 10 47 theme glycosylation 1481:1493 arg1 efficiency 1495:1504 the site-specific N-linked glycosylation efficiency 1454:1504 the site-specific N-linked glycosylation efficiency of glycoproteins 1454:1521 Furthermore, they demonstrate a mass-spectrometry approach for studying the site-specific N-linked glycosylation efficiency of glycoproteins. 25285362 4 48 attach present 498:504 arg2 codons 471:476 synonymous codons 460:476 synonymous codons that are frequently present in the highly expressed human genes to overexpress this protein 460:568 The poor codons are replaced by synonymous codons that are frequently present in the highly expressed human genes to overexpress this protein. 25285362 4 48 attach present 498:504 arg1 genes 536:540 the highly expressed human genes 509:540 the highly expressed human genes 509:540 The poor codons are replaced by synonymous codons that are frequently present in the highly expressed human genes to overexpress this protein. 25285362 3 49 theme codons 363:368 arg1 presence 345:352 The presence 341:352 The presence of these codons 341:368 The presence of these codons limits expression of HIV-1 gp120 for biochemical studies. 25285362 1 50 used used 243:246 arg2 codons 220:225 codons 220:225 codons that are poorly used by the human genome 220:266 The genes encoding many viral proteins such as HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 have a tendency for codons that are poorly used by the human genome. 25285362 9 51 theme gp120 1321:1325 arg1 development 1342:1352 successful development 1331:1352 successful development of a vaccine against HIV-1 1331:1379 These data are essential for biochemical studies of gp120 and successful development of a vaccine against HIV-1. 25285362 9 51 theme gp120 1321:1325 arg1 studies 1310:1316 biochemical studies 1298:1316 biochemical studies of gp120 1298:1325 These data are essential for biochemical studies of gp120 and successful development of a vaccine against HIV-1. 25285362 9 52 theme biochemical 1298:1308 arg1 studies 1310:1316 biochemical studies 1298:1316 biochemical studies of gp120 1298:1325 These data are essential for biochemical studies of gp120 and successful development of a vaccine against HIV-1. 25285362 7 53 theme dolichol 1037:1044 arg1 oligosaccharide 1067:1081 the dolichol pyrophosphate-linked oligosaccharide 1033:1081 the dolichol pyrophosphate-linked oligosaccharide 1033:1081 Using this mass-spectrometry approach in combination with ELISA, it is found that codon optimization significantly reduces the frequency with which the dolichol pyrophosphate-linked oligosaccharide is added by the catalytic subunits of oligosaccharide transferase complex to the glycosylation sites. 25285362 3 54 theme biochemical 407:417 arg1 studies 419:425 biochemical studies 407:425 biochemical studies 407:425 The presence of these codons limits expression of HIV-1 gp120 for biochemical studies. 25285362 7 55 theme glycosylation 1164:1176 arg1 sites 1178:1182 the glycosylation sites 1160:1182 the glycosylation sites 1160:1182 Using this mass-spectrometry approach in combination with ELISA, it is found that codon optimization significantly reduces the frequency with which the dolichol pyrophosphate-linked oligosaccharide is added by the catalytic subunits of oligosaccharide transferase complex to the glycosylation sites. 25285362 10 56 theme site-specific 1458:1470 arg1 glycosylation 1481:1493 the site-specific N-linked glycosylation 1454:1493 the site-specific N-linked glycosylation efficiency of glycoproteins 1454:1521 Furthermore, they demonstrate a mass-spectrometry approach for studying the site-specific N-linked glycosylation efficiency of glycoproteins. 25285362 7 57 theme pyrophosphate-linked 1046:1065 arg1 oligosaccharide 1067:1081 the dolichol pyrophosphate-linked oligosaccharide 1033:1081 the dolichol pyrophosphate-linked oligosaccharide 1033:1081 Using this mass-spectrometry approach in combination with ELISA, it is found that codon optimization significantly reduces the frequency with which the dolichol pyrophosphate-linked oligosaccharide is added by the catalytic subunits of oligosaccharide transferase complex to the glycosylation sites. 25285362 6 58 gly deglycosylated 775:788 arg1 peptides 809:816 deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides 775:816 deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides with putative N-linked glycosylation sites 775:859 We applied a bottom-up mass-spectrometry-based workflow for the direct measurement of deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides with putative N-linked glycosylation sites, that is, NxS/T motifs. 25285362 6 59 theme NxS/T 871:875 arg1 workflow 736:743 a bottom-up mass-spectrometry-based workflow 700:743 a bottom-up mass-spectrometry-based workflow 700:743 We applied a bottom-up mass-spectrometry-based workflow for the direct measurement of deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides with putative N-linked glycosylation sites, that is, NxS/T motifs. 25285362 6 59 theme NxS/T 871:875 arg1 motifs 877:882 NxS/T motifs 871:882 NxS/T motifs 871:882 We applied a bottom-up mass-spectrometry-based workflow for the direct measurement of deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides with putative N-linked glycosylation sites, that is, NxS/T motifs. 25285362 6 60 theme glycosylation 841:853 arg1 sites 855:859 putative N-linked glycosylation sites 823:859 putative N-linked glycosylation sites 823:859 We applied a bottom-up mass-spectrometry-based workflow for the direct measurement of deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides with putative N-linked glycosylation sites, that is, NxS/T motifs. 25285362 10 61 theme N-linked 1472:1479 arg1 glycosylation 1481:1493 the site-specific N-linked glycosylation 1454:1493 the site-specific N-linked glycosylation efficiency of glycoproteins 1454:1521 Furthermore, they demonstrate a mass-spectrometry approach for studying the site-specific N-linked glycosylation efficiency of glycoproteins. 25285362 7 62 gly glycosylation 1164:1176 arg2 sites 1178:1182 the glycosylation sites 1160:1182 the glycosylation sites 1160:1182 Using this mass-spectrometry approach in combination with ELISA, it is found that codon optimization significantly reduces the frequency with which the dolichol pyrophosphate-linked oligosaccharide is added by the catalytic subunits of oligosaccharide transferase complex to the glycosylation sites. 25285362 5 63 theme codon 584:588 arg1 optimization 590:601 this codon optimization 579:601 this codon optimization 579:601 Whether this codon optimization affects functional properties of gp120 such as its N-linked glycosylation is unknown. 25285362 5 64 link N-linked 654:661 arg1 glycosylation 663:675 its N-linked glycosylation 650:675 its N-linked glycosylation 650:675 Whether this codon optimization affects functional properties of gp120 such as its N-linked glycosylation is unknown. 25285362 6 65 gly unglycosylated 794:807 arg1 peptides 809:816 deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides 775:816 deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides with putative N-linked glycosylation sites 775:859 We applied a bottom-up mass-spectrometry-based workflow for the direct measurement of deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides with putative N-linked glycosylation sites, that is, NxS/T motifs. 25285362 1 66 contain have 200:203 arg2 tendency 207:214 a tendency 205:214 a tendency for codons that are poorly used by the human genome 205:266 The genes encoding many viral proteins such as HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 have a tendency for codons that are poorly used by the human genome. 25285362 1 66 contain have 200:203 arg1 genes 123:127 The genes 119:127 The genes encoding many viral proteins such as HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 119:198 The genes encoding many viral proteins such as HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 have a tendency for codons that are poorly used by the human genome. 25285362 6 67 theme mass-spectrometry-based 712:734 arg1 workflow 736:743 a bottom-up mass-spectrometry-based workflow 700:743 a bottom-up mass-spectrometry-based workflow 700:743 We applied a bottom-up mass-spectrometry-based workflow for the direct measurement of deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides with putative N-linked glycosylation sites, that is, NxS/T motifs. 25285362 6 67 theme mass-spectrometry-based 712:734 arg1 motifs 877:882 NxS/T motifs 871:882 NxS/T motifs 871:882 We applied a bottom-up mass-spectrometry-based workflow for the direct measurement of deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides with putative N-linked glycosylation sites, that is, NxS/T motifs. 25285362 6 68 theme deglycosylated 775:788 arg1 peptides 809:816 deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides 775:816 deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides with putative N-linked glycosylation sites 775:859 We applied a bottom-up mass-spectrometry-based workflow for the direct measurement of deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides with putative N-linked glycosylation sites, that is, NxS/T motifs. 25285362 4 69 from genes 536:540 arg1 present 498:504 present 498:504 present 498:504 The poor codons are replaced by synonymous codons that are frequently present in the highly expressed human genes to overexpress this protein. 25285362 5 70 theme N-linked 654:661 arg1 glycosylation 663:675 its N-linked glycosylation 650:675 its N-linked glycosylation 650:675 Whether this codon optimization affects functional properties of gp120 such as its N-linked glycosylation is unknown. 25285362 6 71 theme N-linked 832:839 arg1 sites 855:859 putative N-linked glycosylation sites 823:859 putative N-linked glycosylation sites 823:859 We applied a bottom-up mass-spectrometry-based workflow for the direct measurement of deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides with putative N-linked glycosylation sites, that is, NxS/T motifs. 25285362 7 72 link pyrophosphate-linked 1046:1065 arg1 oligosaccharide 1067:1081 the dolichol pyrophosphate-linked oligosaccharide 1033:1081 the dolichol pyrophosphate-linked oligosaccharide 1033:1081 Using this mass-spectrometry approach in combination with ELISA, it is found that codon optimization significantly reduces the frequency with which the dolichol pyrophosphate-linked oligosaccharide is added by the catalytic subunits of oligosaccharide transferase complex to the glycosylation sites. 25285362 0 73 theme codon 58:62 arg1 optimization 64:75 codon optimization 58:75 codon optimization 58:75 Mass spectrometry approach and ELISA reveal the effect of codon optimization on N-linked glycosylation of HIV-1 gp120. 25285362 6 74 theme putative 823:830 arg1 sites 855:859 putative N-linked glycosylation sites 823:859 putative N-linked glycosylation sites 823:859 We applied a bottom-up mass-spectrometry-based workflow for the direct measurement of deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides with putative N-linked glycosylation sites, that is, NxS/T motifs. 25285362 10 75 gly glycoproteins 1509:1521 arg1 glycoproteins 1509:1521 glycoproteins 1509:1521 glycoproteins 1509:1521 Furthermore, they demonstrate a mass-spectrometry approach for studying the site-specific N-linked glycosylation efficiency of glycoproteins. 25285362 6 76 link N-linked 832:839 arg1 sites 855:859 putative N-linked glycosylation sites 823:859 putative N-linked glycosylation sites 823:859 We applied a bottom-up mass-spectrometry-based workflow for the direct measurement of deglycosylated and unglycosylated peptides with putative N-linked glycosylation sites, that is, NxS/T motifs. 25285362 7 77 theme mass-spectrometry 896:912 arg1 approach 914:921 this mass-spectrometry approach 891:921 this mass-spectrometry approach 891:921 Using this mass-spectrometry approach in combination with ELISA, it is found that codon optimization significantly reduces the frequency with which the dolichol pyrophosphate-linked oligosaccharide is added by the catalytic subunits of oligosaccharide transferase complex to the glycosylation sites. 25285362 8 78 theme neutralizing 1244:1255 arg1 antibodies 1257:1266 glycan-dependent broadly neutralizing antibodies 1219:1266 glycan-dependent broadly neutralizing antibodies 1219:1266 This reduction affects binding of glycan-dependent broadly neutralizing antibodies. 25285362 7 79 theme codon 967:971 arg1 optimization 973:984 codon optimization 967:984 codon optimization 967:984 Using this mass-spectrometry approach in combination with ELISA, it is found that codon optimization significantly reduces the frequency with which the dolichol pyrophosphate-linked oligosaccharide is added by the catalytic subunits of oligosaccharide transferase complex to the glycosylation sites. 25285362 1 80 theme many 138:141 arg1 gp120 194:198 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 166:198 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 166:198 The genes encoding many viral proteins such as HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 have a tendency for codons that are poorly used by the human genome. 25285362 1 80 theme many 138:141 arg1 proteins 149:156 many viral proteins 138:156 many viral proteins such as HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 138:198 The genes encoding many viral proteins such as HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 have a tendency for codons that are poorly used by the human genome. 25285362 7 81 theme complex 1149:1155 arg1 subunits 1109:1116 the catalytic subunits 1095:1116 the catalytic subunits of oligosaccharide transferase complex to the glycosylation sites 1095:1182 Using this mass-spectrometry approach in combination with ELISA, it is found that codon optimization significantly reduces the frequency with which the dolichol pyrophosphate-linked oligosaccharide is added by the catalytic subunits of oligosaccharide transferase complex to the glycosylation sites. 25476145 5 0 theme proteins 657:664 arg1 compositions 626:637 similar compositions 618:637 similar compositions of N-glycosylated proteins in seminal plasma 618:682 Analysis of variations among five individuals revealed similar compositions of N-glycosylated proteins in seminal plasma. 25476145 8 1 theme prostate-specific 976:992 arg1 biomarker 1030:1038 an efficient biomarker 1017:1038 an efficient biomarker that can distinguish benign prostate hyperplasia from prostate cancer 1017:1108 For example, N-glycosylated prostate-specific antigen is known to be an efficient biomarker that can distinguish benign prostate hyperplasia from prostate cancer. 25476145 8 1 theme prostate-specific 976:992 arg1 antigen 994:1000 N-glycosylated prostate-specific antigen 961:1000 N-glycosylated prostate-specific antigen 961:1000 For example, N-glycosylated prostate-specific antigen is known to be an efficient biomarker that can distinguish benign prostate hyperplasia from prostate cancer. 25476145 4 2 from total 496:500 arg1 proteins 537:544 372 proteins 533:544 372 proteins 533:544 Combined with the results of five biological replicates, a total of 720 N-glycosylated sites on 372 proteins were identified. 25476145 7 3 theme further 832:838 arg1 screening 840:848 further screening 832:848 further screening of biomarkers for male diseases including cancer and infertility at the level of N-glycosylation 832:945 The data set could also be a resource for further screening of biomarkers for male diseases including cancer and infertility at the level of N-glycosylation. 25476145 5 4 theme seminal 669:675 arg1 plasma 677:682 seminal plasma 669:682 seminal plasma 669:682 Analysis of variations among five individuals revealed similar compositions of N-glycosylated proteins in seminal plasma. 25476145 8 5 theme prostate 1068:1075 arg1 hyperplasia 1077:1087 benign prostate hyperplasia 1061:1087 benign prostate hyperplasia 1061:1087 For example, N-glycosylated prostate-specific antigen is known to be an efficient biomarker that can distinguish benign prostate hyperplasia from prostate cancer. 25476145 3 6 theme scale 383:387 arg1 glycoproteome 398:410 the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome 367:410 the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome of human seminal plasma 367:434 In this study, we employed N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment, combined with LC-MS/MS analysis, and establish the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome of human seminal plasma. 25476145 8 7 gly N-glycosylated 961:974 arg1 biomarker 1030:1038 an efficient biomarker 1017:1038 an efficient biomarker that can distinguish benign prostate hyperplasia from prostate cancer 1017:1108 For example, N-glycosylated prostate-specific antigen is known to be an efficient biomarker that can distinguish benign prostate hyperplasia from prostate cancer. 25476145 8 7 gly N-glycosylated 961:974 arg1 antigen 994:1000 N-glycosylated prostate-specific antigen 961:1000 N-glycosylated prostate-specific antigen 961:1000 For example, N-glycosylated prostate-specific antigen is known to be an efficient biomarker that can distinguish benign prostate hyperplasia from prostate cancer. 25476145 2 8 theme seminal 145:151 arg1 plasma 153:158 The seminal plasma 141:158 The seminal plasma 141:158 The seminal plasma contains many secreted proteins which are important for sperm function and male fertility. 25476145 8 9 theme benign 1061:1066 arg1 hyperplasia 1077:1087 benign prostate hyperplasia 1061:1087 benign prostate hyperplasia 1061:1087 For example, N-glycosylated prostate-specific antigen is known to be an efficient biomarker that can distinguish benign prostate hyperplasia from prostate cancer. 25476145 1 10 from glands 133:138 arg1 plasma 71:76 Seminal plasma 63:76 Seminal plasma 63:76 Seminal plasma is a mixture of secretions from several male accessory glands. 25476145 1 10 from glands 133:138 arg1 mixture 83:89 a mixture 81:89 a mixture of secretions from several male accessory glands 81:138 Seminal plasma is a mixture of secretions from several male accessory glands. 25476145 1 10 from glands 133:138 arg1 secretions 94:103 secretions 94:103 secretions from several male accessory glands 94:138 Seminal plasma is a mixture of secretions from several male accessory glands. 25476145 1 11 theme Seminal 63:69 arg1 plasma 71:76 Seminal plasma 63:76 Seminal plasma 63:76 Seminal plasma is a mixture of secretions from several male accessory glands. 25476145 1 11 theme Seminal 63:69 arg1 mixture 83:89 a mixture 81:89 a mixture of secretions from several male accessory glands 81:138 Seminal plasma is a mixture of secretions from several male accessory glands. 25476145 7 12 theme male 868:871 arg1 infertility 903:913 infertility 903:913 infertility 903:913 The data set could also be a resource for further screening of biomarkers for male diseases including cancer and infertility at the level of N-glycosylation. 25476145 7 12 theme male 868:871 arg1 cancer 892:897 cancer 892:897 cancer 892:897 The data set could also be a resource for further screening of biomarkers for male diseases including cancer and infertility at the level of N-glycosylation. 25476145 7 12 theme male 868:871 arg1 diseases 873:880 male diseases 868:880 male diseases including cancer and infertility at the level of N-glycosylation 868:945 The data set could also be a resource for further screening of biomarkers for male diseases including cancer and infertility at the level of N-glycosylation. 25476145 3 13 theme LC-MS/MS 334:341 arg1 analysis 343:350 LC-MS/MS analysis 334:350 LC-MS/MS analysis 334:350 In this study, we employed N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment, combined with LC-MS/MS analysis, and establish the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome of human seminal plasma. 25476145 5 14 theme similar 618:624 arg1 compositions 626:637 similar compositions 618:637 similar compositions of N-glycosylated proteins in seminal plasma 618:682 Analysis of variations among five individuals revealed similar compositions of N-glycosylated proteins in seminal plasma. 25476145 9 15 theme identifier 1171:1180 arg1 http 1193:1196 http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000959 1193:1252 http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000959 1193:1252 All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000959 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000959). 25476145 9 15 theme identifier 1171:1180 arg1 PXD000959 1182:1190 identifier PXD000959 1171:1190 identifier PXD000959 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000959) 1171:1253 All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000959 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000959). 25476145 3 16 theme plasma 429:434 arg1 glycoproteome 398:410 the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome 367:410 the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome of human seminal plasma 367:434 In this study, we employed N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment, combined with LC-MS/MS analysis, and establish the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome of human seminal plasma. 25476145 3 17 theme N-linked 389:396 arg1 glycoproteome 398:410 the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome 367:410 the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome of human seminal plasma 367:434 In this study, we employed N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment, combined with LC-MS/MS analysis, and establish the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome of human seminal plasma. 25476145 6 18 link N-linked 689:696 arg1 glycoproteome 698:710 The N-linked glycoproteome 685:710 The N-linked glycoproteome 685:710 The N-linked glycoproteome could help us understanding the biological functions of human seminal plasma. 25476145 6 19 dep help 718:721 arg1 understanding 726:738 understanding 726:738 understanding the biological functions of human seminal plasma 726:787 The N-linked glycoproteome could help us understanding the biological functions of human seminal plasma. 25476145 3 20 theme large 377:381 arg1 glycoproteome 398:410 the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome 367:410 the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome of human seminal plasma 367:434 In this study, we employed N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment, combined with LC-MS/MS analysis, and establish the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome of human seminal plasma. 25476145 7 21 theme biomarkers 853:862 arg1 screening 840:848 further screening 832:848 further screening of biomarkers for male diseases including cancer and infertility at the level of N-glycosylation 832:945 The data set could also be a resource for further screening of biomarkers for male diseases including cancer and infertility at the level of N-glycosylation. 25476145 2 22 contain contains 160:167 arg1 plasma 153:158 The seminal plasma 141:158 The seminal plasma 141:158 The seminal plasma contains many secreted proteins which are important for sperm function and male fertility. 25476145 2 22 contain contains 160:167 arg2 proteins 183:190 many secreted proteins 169:190 many secreted proteins which are important for sperm function and male fertility 169:248 The seminal plasma contains many secreted proteins which are important for sperm function and male fertility. 25476145 3 23 theme first 371:375 arg1 glycoproteome 398:410 the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome 367:410 the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome of human seminal plasma 367:434 In this study, we employed N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment, combined with LC-MS/MS analysis, and establish the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome of human seminal plasma. 25476145 4 24 theme biological 471:480 arg1 results 455:461 the results 451:461 the results of five biological replicates 451:491 Combined with the results of five biological replicates, a total of 720 N-glycosylated sites on 372 proteins were identified. 25476145 3 25 theme human 415:419 arg1 plasma 429:434 human seminal plasma 415:434 human seminal plasma 415:434 In this study, we employed N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment, combined with LC-MS/MS analysis, and establish the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome of human seminal plasma. 25476145 0 26 theme Proteomic 0:8 arg1 analysis 10:17 Proteomic analysis 0:17 Proteomic analysis of N-glycosylation of human seminal plasma 0:60 Proteomic analysis of N-glycosylation of human seminal plasma. 25476145 5 27 theme N-glycosylated 642:655 arg1 proteins 657:664 N-glycosylated proteins 642:664 N-glycosylated proteins 642:664 Analysis of variations among five individuals revealed similar compositions of N-glycosylated proteins in seminal plasma. 25476145 7 28 theme N-glycosylation 931:945 arg1 level 922:926 the level 918:926 the level of N-glycosylation 918:945 The data set could also be a resource for further screening of biomarkers for male diseases including cancer and infertility at the level of N-glycosylation. 25476145 3 29 theme seminal 421:427 arg1 plasma 429:434 human seminal plasma 415:434 human seminal plasma 415:434 In this study, we employed N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment, combined with LC-MS/MS analysis, and establish the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome of human seminal plasma. 25476145 0 30 theme N-glycosylation 22:36 arg1 analysis 10:17 Proteomic analysis 0:17 Proteomic analysis of N-glycosylation of human seminal plasma 0:60 Proteomic analysis of N-glycosylation of human seminal plasma. 25476145 4 31 dep biological 471:480 arg1 replicates 482:491 replicates 482:491 replicates 482:491 Combined with the results of five biological replicates, a total of 720 N-glycosylated sites on 372 proteins were identified. 25476145 5 32 theme variations 575:584 arg1 Analysis 563:570 Analysis 563:570 Analysis of variations among five individuals 563:607 Analysis of variations among five individuals revealed similar compositions of N-glycosylated proteins in seminal plasma. 25476145 7 33 from level 922:926 arg1 infertility 903:913 infertility 903:913 infertility 903:913 The data set could also be a resource for further screening of biomarkers for male diseases including cancer and infertility at the level of N-glycosylation. 25476145 7 33 from level 922:926 arg1 cancer 892:897 cancer 892:897 cancer 892:897 The data set could also be a resource for further screening of biomarkers for male diseases including cancer and infertility at the level of N-glycosylation. 25476145 6 34 theme N-linked 689:696 arg1 glycoproteome 698:710 The N-linked glycoproteome 685:710 The N-linked glycoproteome 685:710 The N-linked glycoproteome could help us understanding the biological functions of human seminal plasma. 25476145 7 35 theme data 794:797 arg1 set 799:801 The data set 790:801 The data set 790:801 The data set could also be a resource for further screening of biomarkers for male diseases including cancer and infertility at the level of N-glycosylation. 25476145 7 35 theme data 794:797 arg1 resource 819:826 a resource 817:826 a resource for further screening of biomarkers for male diseases including cancer and infertility at the level of N-glycosylation 817:945 The data set could also be a resource for further screening of biomarkers for male diseases including cancer and infertility at the level of N-glycosylation. 25476145 2 36 theme secreted 174:181 arg1 proteins 183:190 many secreted proteins 169:190 many secreted proteins which are important for sperm function and male fertility 169:248 The seminal plasma contains many secreted proteins which are important for sperm function and male fertility. 25476145 1 37 theme secretions 94:103 arg1 plasma 71:76 Seminal plasma 63:76 Seminal plasma 63:76 Seminal plasma is a mixture of secretions from several male accessory glands. 25476145 1 37 theme secretions 94:103 arg1 mixture 83:89 a mixture 81:89 a mixture of secretions from several male accessory glands 81:138 Seminal plasma is a mixture of secretions from several male accessory glands. 25476145 9 38 dep PXD000959 1182:1190 arg1 the 1146:1148 the 1146:1148 the 1146:1148 All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000959 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000959). 25476145 9 38 dep PXD000959 1182:1190 arg1 ProteomeXchange 1150:1164 ProteomeXchange 1150:1164 ProteomeXchange 1150:1164 All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000959 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000959). 25476145 0 39 theme human 41:45 arg1 plasma 55:60 human seminal plasma 41:60 human seminal plasma 41:60 Proteomic analysis of N-glycosylation of human seminal plasma. 25476145 3 40 link N-linked 278:285 arg1 enrichment 308:317 N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment 278:317 N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment 278:317 In this study, we employed N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment, combined with LC-MS/MS analysis, and establish the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome of human seminal plasma. 25476145 2 41 theme many 169:172 arg1 proteins 183:190 many secreted proteins 169:190 many secreted proteins which are important for sperm function and male fertility 169:248 The seminal plasma contains many secreted proteins which are important for sperm function and male fertility. 25476145 4 42 with Combined 437:444 arg1 results 455:461 the results 451:461 the results of five biological replicates 451:491 Combined with the results of five biological replicates, a total of 720 N-glycosylated sites on 372 proteins were identified. 25476145 5 43 gly N-glycosylated 642:655 arg1 proteins 657:664 N-glycosylated proteins 642:664 N-glycosylated proteins 642:664 Analysis of variations among five individuals revealed similar compositions of N-glycosylated proteins in seminal plasma. 25476145 4 44 from sites 524:528 arg1 proteins 537:544 372 proteins 533:544 372 proteins 533:544 Combined with the results of five biological replicates, a total of 720 N-glycosylated sites on 372 proteins were identified. 25476145 4 45 theme N-glycosylated 509:522 arg1 sites 524:528 720 N-glycosylated sites 505:528 720 N-glycosylated sites on 372 proteins 505:544 Combined with the results of five biological replicates, a total of 720 N-glycosylated sites on 372 proteins were identified. 25476145 3 46 link N-linked 389:396 arg1 glycoproteome 398:410 the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome 367:410 the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome of human seminal plasma 367:434 In this study, we employed N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment, combined with LC-MS/MS analysis, and establish the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome of human seminal plasma. 25476145 4 47 from proteins 537:544 arg1 total 496:500 a total 494:500 a total of 720 N-glycosylated sites on 372 proteins 494:544 Combined with the results of five biological replicates, a total of 720 N-glycosylated sites on 372 proteins were identified. 25476145 0 48 theme plasma 55:60 arg1 N-glycosylation 22:36 N-glycosylation 22:36 N-glycosylation of human seminal plasma 22:60 Proteomic analysis of N-glycosylation of human seminal plasma. 25476145 3 49 theme glycosylated 287:298 arg1 enrichment 308:317 N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment 278:317 N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment 278:317 In this study, we employed N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment, combined with LC-MS/MS analysis, and establish the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome of human seminal plasma. 25476145 2 50 theme sperm 216:220 arg1 function 222:229 sperm function 216:229 sperm function 216:229 The seminal plasma contains many secreted proteins which are important for sperm function and male fertility. 25476145 6 51 theme plasma 782:787 arg1 functions 755:763 the biological functions 740:763 the biological functions of human seminal plasma 740:787 The N-linked glycoproteome could help us understanding the biological functions of human seminal plasma. 25476145 0 52 theme seminal 47:53 arg1 plasma 55:60 human seminal plasma 41:60 human seminal plasma 41:60 Proteomic analysis of N-glycosylation of human seminal plasma. 25476145 3 53 theme peptide 300:306 arg1 enrichment 308:317 N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment 278:317 N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment 278:317 In this study, we employed N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment, combined with LC-MS/MS analysis, and establish the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome of human seminal plasma. 25476145 0 54 gly N-glycosylation 22:36 arg1 plasma 55:60 human seminal plasma 41:60 human seminal plasma 41:60 Proteomic analysis of N-glycosylation of human seminal plasma. 25476145 6 55 theme seminal 774:780 arg1 plasma 782:787 human seminal plasma 768:787 human seminal plasma 768:787 The N-linked glycoproteome could help us understanding the biological functions of human seminal plasma. 25476145 1 56 theme several 110:116 arg1 glands 133:138 several male accessory glands 110:138 several male accessory glands 110:138 Seminal plasma is a mixture of secretions from several male accessory glands. 25476145 4 57 theme sites 524:528 arg1 total 496:500 a total 494:500 a total of 720 N-glycosylated sites on 372 proteins 494:544 Combined with the results of five biological replicates, a total of 720 N-glycosylated sites on 372 proteins were identified. 25476145 8 58 theme efficient 1020:1028 arg1 biomarker 1030:1038 an efficient biomarker 1017:1038 an efficient biomarker that can distinguish benign prostate hyperplasia from prostate cancer 1017:1108 For example, N-glycosylated prostate-specific antigen is known to be an efficient biomarker that can distinguish benign prostate hyperplasia from prostate cancer. 25476145 8 58 theme efficient 1020:1028 arg1 antigen 994:1000 N-glycosylated prostate-specific antigen 961:1000 N-glycosylated prostate-specific antigen 961:1000 For example, N-glycosylated prostate-specific antigen is known to be an efficient biomarker that can distinguish benign prostate hyperplasia from prostate cancer. 25476145 5 59 from compositions 626:637 arg1 plasma 677:682 seminal plasma 669:682 seminal plasma 669:682 Analysis of variations among five individuals revealed similar compositions of N-glycosylated proteins in seminal plasma. 25476145 6 60 theme human 768:772 arg1 plasma 782:787 human seminal plasma 768:787 human seminal plasma 768:787 The N-linked glycoproteome could help us understanding the biological functions of human seminal plasma. 25476145 1 61 theme male 118:121 arg1 glands 133:138 several male accessory glands 110:138 several male accessory glands 110:138 Seminal plasma is a mixture of secretions from several male accessory glands. 25476145 3 62 theme N-linked 278:285 arg1 enrichment 308:317 N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment 278:317 N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment 278:317 In this study, we employed N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment, combined with LC-MS/MS analysis, and establish the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome of human seminal plasma. 25476145 8 63 theme N-glycosylated 961:974 arg1 biomarker 1030:1038 an efficient biomarker 1017:1038 an efficient biomarker that can distinguish benign prostate hyperplasia from prostate cancer 1017:1108 For example, N-glycosylated prostate-specific antigen is known to be an efficient biomarker that can distinguish benign prostate hyperplasia from prostate cancer. 25476145 8 63 theme N-glycosylated 961:974 arg1 antigen 994:1000 N-glycosylated prostate-specific antigen 961:1000 N-glycosylated prostate-specific antigen 961:1000 For example, N-glycosylated prostate-specific antigen is known to be an efficient biomarker that can distinguish benign prostate hyperplasia from prostate cancer. 25476145 1 64 theme accessory 123:131 arg1 glands 133:138 several male accessory glands 110:138 several male accessory glands 110:138 Seminal plasma is a mixture of secretions from several male accessory glands. 25476145 9 65 theme MS 1115:1116 arg1 data 1118:1121 All MS data 1111:1121 All MS data 1111:1121 All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000959 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000959). 25476145 8 66 theme prostate 1094:1101 arg1 cancer 1103:1108 prostate cancer 1094:1108 prostate cancer 1094:1108 For example, N-glycosylated prostate-specific antigen is known to be an efficient biomarker that can distinguish benign prostate hyperplasia from prostate cancer. 25476145 4 67 gly N-glycosylated 509:522 arg1 sites 524:528 720 N-glycosylated sites 505:528 720 N-glycosylated sites on 372 proteins 505:544 Combined with the results of five biological replicates, a total of 720 N-glycosylated sites on 372 proteins were identified. 25476145 1 68 from mixture 83:89 arg1 glands 133:138 several male accessory glands 110:138 several male accessory glands 110:138 Seminal plasma is a mixture of secretions from several male accessory glands. 25476145 3 69 gly glycosylated 287:298 arg1 enrichment 308:317 N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment 278:317 N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment 278:317 In this study, we employed N-linked glycosylated peptide enrichment, combined with LC-MS/MS analysis, and establish the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome of human seminal plasma. 25476145 2 70 theme male 235:238 arg1 fertility 240:248 male fertility 235:248 male fertility 235:248 The seminal plasma contains many secreted proteins which are important for sperm function and male fertility. 25476145 6 71 theme biological 744:753 arg1 functions 755:763 the biological functions 740:763 the biological functions of human seminal plasma 740:787 The N-linked glycoproteome could help us understanding the biological functions of human seminal plasma. 24275653 0 0 theme Actinobacillus 91:104 arg1 pleuropneumoniae 106:121 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae 91:121 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae 91:121 Molecular analysis of an alternative N-glycosylation machinery by functional transfer from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to Escherichia coli. 24275653 4 1 theme asparagine 751:760 arg1 residues 762:769 asparagine residues 751:769 asparagine residues 751:769 This pathway takes place in the cytoplasm and is mediated by a soluble N-glycosyltransferase (NGT) that uses nucleotide-activated monosaccharides to glycosylate asparagine residues. 24275653 6 2 theme N-Linked 974:981 arg1 sera 1006:1009 N-Linked glucose specific human sera 974:1009 N-Linked glucose specific human sera 974:1009 N-Linked glucose specific human sera were used for the analysis of the glycosylation process. 24275653 1 3 theme frequent 180:187 arg1 modification 208:219 a frequent post-translational modification 178:219 a frequent post-translational modification that can be found in all three domains of life 178:266 N-Linked protein glycosylation is a frequent post-translational modification that can be found in all three domains of life. 24275653 1 3 theme frequent 180:187 arg1 glycosylation 161:173 N-Linked protein glycosylation 144:173 N-Linked protein glycosylation 144:173 N-Linked protein glycosylation is a frequent post-translational modification that can be found in all three domains of life. 24275653 7 4 theme protein 1124:1130 arg1 adhesins 1098:1105 autotransporter adhesins 1082:1105 autotransporter adhesins 1082:1105 We identified autotransporter adhesins as the preferred protein substrate of NGT in vivo, and in depth analysis of the modified sites in E. coli revealed a surprisingly relaxed peptide substrate specificity. 24275653 7 4 theme protein 1124:1130 arg1 substrate 1132:1140 the preferred protein substrate 1110:1140 the preferred protein substrate of NGT 1110:1147 We identified autotransporter adhesins as the preferred protein substrate of NGT in vivo, and in depth analysis of the modified sites in E. coli revealed a surprisingly relaxed peptide substrate specificity. 24275653 1 5 theme post-translational 189:206 arg1 modification 208:219 a frequent post-translational modification 178:219 a frequent post-translational modification that can be found in all three domains of life 178:266 N-Linked protein glycosylation is a frequent post-translational modification that can be found in all three domains of life. 24275653 1 5 theme post-translational 189:206 arg1 glycosylation 161:173 N-Linked protein glycosylation 144:173 N-Linked protein glycosylation 144:173 N-Linked protein glycosylation is a frequent post-translational modification that can be found in all three domains of life. 24275653 5 6 from process 792:798 arg1 detail 839:844 more detail 834:844 more detail 834:844 To characterize the process of cytoplasmic N-glycosylation in more detail, we studied the glycosylation in A. pleuropneumoniae and functionally transferred the glycosylation system to Escherichia coli. 24275653 7 7 theme sites 1196:1200 arg1 analysis 1171:1178 analysis 1171:1178 analysis of the modified sites in E. coli 1171:1211 We identified autotransporter adhesins as the preferred protein substrate of NGT in vivo, and in depth analysis of the modified sites in E. coli revealed a surprisingly relaxed peptide substrate specificity. 24275653 7 8 theme autotransporter 1082:1096 arg1 adhesins 1098:1105 autotransporter adhesins 1082:1105 autotransporter adhesins 1082:1105 We identified autotransporter adhesins as the preferred protein substrate of NGT in vivo, and in depth analysis of the modified sites in E. coli revealed a surprisingly relaxed peptide substrate specificity. 24275653 7 8 theme autotransporter 1082:1096 arg1 substrate 1132:1140 the preferred protein substrate 1110:1140 the preferred protein substrate of NGT 1110:1147 We identified autotransporter adhesins as the preferred protein substrate of NGT in vivo, and in depth analysis of the modified sites in E. coli revealed a surprisingly relaxed peptide substrate specificity. 24275653 5 9 theme cytoplasmic 803:813 arg1 N-glycosylation 815:829 cytoplasmic N-glycosylation 803:829 cytoplasmic N-glycosylation 803:829 To characterize the process of cytoplasmic N-glycosylation in more detail, we studied the glycosylation in A. pleuropneumoniae and functionally transferred the glycosylation system to Escherichia coli. 24275653 6 10 theme human 1000:1004 arg1 sera 1006:1009 N-Linked glucose specific human sera 974:1009 N-Linked glucose specific human sera 974:1009 N-Linked glucose specific human sera were used for the analysis of the glycosylation process. 24275653 8 11 theme residues 1424:1431 arg1 modification 1387:1398 modification 1387:1398 modification of glutamine and serine residues 1387:1431 Although NX(S/T) is the preferred acceptor sequon, we detected glycosylation of alternative sequons, including modification of glutamine and serine residues. 24275653 8 12 theme serine 1417:1422 arg1 residues 1424:1431 glutamine and serine residues 1403:1431 residues 1424:1431 Although NX(S/T) is the preferred acceptor sequon, we detected glycosylation of alternative sequons, including modification of glutamine and serine residues. 24275653 10 13 gly N-glycoproteins 1593:1607 arg1 N-glycoproteins 1593:1607 N-glycoproteins 1593:1607 N-glycoproteins 1593:1607 Therefore, our study could provide the basis for a novel route for the engineering of N-glycoproteins in bacteria. 24275653 5 14 theme N-glycosylation 815:829 arg1 process 792:798 the process 788:798 the process of cytoplasmic N-glycosylation in more detail 788:844 To characterize the process of cytoplasmic N-glycosylation in more detail, we studied the glycosylation in A. pleuropneumoniae and functionally transferred the glycosylation system to Escherichia coli. 24275653 6 15 theme specific 991:998 arg1 sera 1006:1009 N-Linked glucose specific human sera 974:1009 N-Linked glucose specific human sera 974:1009 N-Linked glucose specific human sera were used for the analysis of the glycosylation process. 24275653 5 16 theme A. 879:880 arg1 pleuropneumoniae 882:897 A. pleuropneumoniae 879:897 A. pleuropneumoniae 879:897 To characterize the process of cytoplasmic N-glycosylation in more detail, we studied the glycosylation in A. pleuropneumoniae and functionally transferred the glycosylation system to Escherichia coli. 24275653 4 17 theme nucleotide-activated 699:718 arg1 monosaccharides 720:734 nucleotide-activated monosaccharides 699:734 nucleotide-activated monosaccharides 699:734 This pathway takes place in the cytoplasm and is mediated by a soluble N-glycosyltransferase (NGT) that uses nucleotide-activated monosaccharides to glycosylate asparagine residues. 24275653 6 18 theme glucose 983:989 arg1 sera 1006:1009 N-Linked glucose specific human sera 974:1009 N-Linked glucose specific human sera 974:1009 N-Linked glucose specific human sera were used for the analysis of the glycosylation process. 24275653 7 19 theme modified 1187:1194 arg1 sites 1196:1200 the modified sites 1183:1200 the modified sites in E. coli 1183:1211 We identified autotransporter adhesins as the preferred protein substrate of NGT in vivo, and in depth analysis of the modified sites in E. coli revealed a surprisingly relaxed peptide substrate specificity. 24275653 10 20 theme novel 1558:1562 arg1 route 1564:1568 a novel route 1556:1568 a novel route for the engineering of N-glycoproteins in bacteria 1556:1619 Therefore, our study could provide the basis for a novel route for the engineering of N-glycoproteins in bacteria. 24275653 0 21 theme Molecular 0:8 arg1 analysis 10:17 Molecular analysis 0:17 Molecular analysis of an alternative N-glycosylation machinery by functional transfer from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to Escherichia coli. 0:142 Molecular analysis of an alternative N-glycosylation machinery by functional transfer from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to Escherichia coli. 24275653 6 22 used used 1016:1019 arg2 sera 1006:1009 N-Linked glucose specific human sera 974:1009 N-Linked glucose specific human sera 974:1009 N-Linked glucose specific human sera were used for the analysis of the glycosylation process. 24275653 2 23 theme polypeptides 459:470 arg1 NX 439:440 the sequon NX 428:440 the sequon NX(S/T) of secreted polypeptides 428:470 In a canonical, highly conserved pathway, an oligosaccharide is transferred by a membrane-bound oligosaccharyltransferase from a lipid donor to asparagines in the sequon NX(S/T) of secreted polypeptides. 24275653 2 23 theme polypeptides 459:470 arg1 S/T 442:444 S/T 442:444 S/T 442:444 In a canonical, highly conserved pathway, an oligosaccharide is transferred by a membrane-bound oligosaccharyltransferase from a lipid donor to asparagines in the sequon NX(S/T) of secreted polypeptides. 24275653 6 24 theme glycosylation 1045:1057 arg1 process 1059:1065 the glycosylation process 1041:1065 the glycosylation process 1041:1065 N-Linked glucose specific human sera were used for the analysis of the glycosylation process. 24275653 2 25 theme secreted 450:457 arg1 polypeptides 459:470 secreted polypeptides 450:470 secreted polypeptides 450:470 In a canonical, highly conserved pathway, an oligosaccharide is transferred by a membrane-bound oligosaccharyltransferase from a lipid donor to asparagines in the sequon NX(S/T) of secreted polypeptides. 24275653 7 26 from analysis 1171:1178 arg1 coli 1208:1211 E. coli 1205:1211 E. coli 1205:1211 We identified autotransporter adhesins as the preferred protein substrate of NGT in vivo, and in depth analysis of the modified sites in E. coli revealed a surprisingly relaxed peptide substrate specificity. 24275653 2 27 from donor 404:408 arg1 oligosaccharyltransferase 365:389 a membrane-bound oligosaccharyltransferase 348:389 a membrane-bound oligosaccharyltransferase from a lipid donor to asparagines in the sequon NX(S/T) of secreted polypeptides 348:470 In a canonical, highly conserved pathway, an oligosaccharide is transferred by a membrane-bound oligosaccharyltransferase from a lipid donor to asparagines in the sequon NX(S/T) of secreted polypeptides. 24275653 2 28 dep canonical 274:282 arg1 conserved 292:300 conserved 292:300 conserved 292:300 In a canonical, highly conserved pathway, an oligosaccharide is transferred by a membrane-bound oligosaccharyltransferase from a lipid donor to asparagines in the sequon NX(S/T) of secreted polypeptides. 24275653 7 29 theme peptide 1245:1251 arg1 specificity 1263:1273 a surprisingly relaxed peptide substrate specificity 1222:1273 a surprisingly relaxed peptide substrate specificity 1222:1273 We identified autotransporter adhesins as the preferred protein substrate of NGT in vivo, and in depth analysis of the modified sites in E. coli revealed a surprisingly relaxed peptide substrate specificity. 24275653 9 30 gly glycosylate 1472:1482 arg1 proteins 1497:1504 heterologous proteins 1484:1504 heterologous proteins 1484:1504 We also demonstrate the use of NGT to glycosylate heterologous proteins. 24275653 3 31 theme δ-proteobacterium 477:493 arg1 pleuropneumoniae 510:525 The δ-proteobacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae 473:525 The δ-proteobacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae 473:525 The δ-proteobacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae encodes an unusual pathway for N-linked protein glycosylation. 24275653 3 31 theme δ-proteobacterium 477:493 arg1 pathway 546:552 an unusual pathway 535:552 an unusual pathway for N-linked protein glycosylation 535:587 The δ-proteobacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae encodes an unusual pathway for N-linked protein glycosylation. 24275653 7 32 theme substrate 1253:1261 arg1 specificity 1263:1273 a surprisingly relaxed peptide substrate specificity 1222:1273 a surprisingly relaxed peptide substrate specificity 1222:1273 We identified autotransporter adhesins as the preferred protein substrate of NGT in vivo, and in depth analysis of the modified sites in E. coli revealed a surprisingly relaxed peptide substrate specificity. 24275653 6 33 theme process 1059:1065 arg1 analysis 1029:1036 the analysis 1025:1036 the analysis of the glycosylation process 1025:1065 N-Linked glucose specific human sera were used for the analysis of the glycosylation process. 24275653 3 34 theme unusual 538:544 arg1 pleuropneumoniae 510:525 The δ-proteobacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae 473:525 The δ-proteobacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae 473:525 The δ-proteobacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae encodes an unusual pathway for N-linked protein glycosylation. 24275653 3 34 theme unusual 538:544 arg1 pathway 546:552 an unusual pathway 535:552 an unusual pathway for N-linked protein glycosylation 535:587 The δ-proteobacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae encodes an unusual pathway for N-linked protein glycosylation. 24275653 3 35 theme Actinobacillus 495:508 arg1 pleuropneumoniae 510:525 The δ-proteobacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae 473:525 The δ-proteobacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae 473:525 The δ-proteobacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae encodes an unusual pathway for N-linked protein glycosylation. 24275653 3 35 theme Actinobacillus 495:508 arg1 pathway 546:552 an unusual pathway 535:552 an unusual pathway for N-linked protein glycosylation 535:587 The δ-proteobacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae encodes an unusual pathway for N-linked protein glycosylation. 24275653 0 36 theme N-glycosylation 37:51 arg1 machinery 53:61 an alternative N-glycosylation machinery 22:61 an alternative N-glycosylation machinery 22:61 Molecular analysis of an alternative N-glycosylation machinery by functional transfer from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to Escherichia coli. 24275653 2 37 theme membrane-bound 350:363 arg1 oligosaccharyltransferase 365:389 a membrane-bound oligosaccharyltransferase 348:389 a membrane-bound oligosaccharyltransferase from a lipid donor to asparagines in the sequon NX(S/T) of secreted polypeptides 348:470 In a canonical, highly conserved pathway, an oligosaccharide is transferred by a membrane-bound oligosaccharyltransferase from a lipid donor to asparagines in the sequon NX(S/T) of secreted polypeptides. 24275653 3 38 link N-linked 558:565 arg1 glycosylation 575:587 N-linked protein glycosylation 558:587 N-linked protein glycosylation 558:587 The δ-proteobacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae encodes an unusual pathway for N-linked protein glycosylation. 24275653 8 39 theme alternative 1356:1366 arg1 sequons 1368:1374 alternative sequons 1356:1374 alternative sequons 1356:1374 Although NX(S/T) is the preferred acceptor sequon, we detected glycosylation of alternative sequons, including modification of glutamine and serine residues. 24275653 8 39 theme alternative 1356:1366 arg1 modification 1387:1398 modification 1387:1398 modification of glutamine and serine residues 1387:1431 Although NX(S/T) is the preferred acceptor sequon, we detected glycosylation of alternative sequons, including modification of glutamine and serine residues. 24275653 8 40 theme glutamine 1403:1411 arg1 residues 1424:1431 glutamine and serine residues 1403:1431 residues 1424:1431 Although NX(S/T) is the preferred acceptor sequon, we detected glycosylation of alternative sequons, including modification of glutamine and serine residues. 24275653 5 41 theme glycosylation 932:944 arg1 system 946:951 the glycosylation system 928:951 the glycosylation system 928:951 To characterize the process of cytoplasmic N-glycosylation in more detail, we studied the glycosylation in A. pleuropneumoniae and functionally transferred the glycosylation system to Escherichia coli. 24275653 0 42 theme alternative 25:35 arg1 machinery 53:61 an alternative N-glycosylation machinery 22:61 an alternative N-glycosylation machinery 22:61 Molecular analysis of an alternative N-glycosylation machinery by functional transfer from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to Escherichia coli. 24275653 7 43 from sites 1196:1200 arg1 coli 1208:1211 E. coli 1205:1211 E. coli 1205:1211 We identified autotransporter adhesins as the preferred protein substrate of NGT in vivo, and in depth analysis of the modified sites in E. coli revealed a surprisingly relaxed peptide substrate specificity. 24275653 7 44 theme relaxed 1237:1243 arg1 specificity 1263:1273 a surprisingly relaxed peptide substrate specificity 1222:1273 a surprisingly relaxed peptide substrate specificity 1222:1273 We identified autotransporter adhesins as the preferred protein substrate of NGT in vivo, and in depth analysis of the modified sites in E. coli revealed a surprisingly relaxed peptide substrate specificity. 24275653 2 45 from asparagines 413:423 arg1 NX 439:440 the sequon NX 428:440 the sequon NX(S/T) of secreted polypeptides 428:470 In a canonical, highly conserved pathway, an oligosaccharide is transferred by a membrane-bound oligosaccharyltransferase from a lipid donor to asparagines in the sequon NX(S/T) of secreted polypeptides. 24275653 2 45 from asparagines 413:423 arg1 S/T 442:444 S/T 442:444 S/T 442:444 In a canonical, highly conserved pathway, an oligosaccharide is transferred by a membrane-bound oligosaccharyltransferase from a lipid donor to asparagines in the sequon NX(S/T) of secreted polypeptides. 24275653 2 46 theme sequon 432:437 arg1 NX 439:440 the sequon NX 428:440 the sequon NX(S/T) of secreted polypeptides 428:470 In a canonical, highly conserved pathway, an oligosaccharide is transferred by a membrane-bound oligosaccharyltransferase from a lipid donor to asparagines in the sequon NX(S/T) of secreted polypeptides. 24275653 2 46 theme sequon 432:437 arg1 S/T 442:444 S/T 442:444 S/T 442:444 In a canonical, highly conserved pathway, an oligosaccharide is transferred by a membrane-bound oligosaccharyltransferase from a lipid donor to asparagines in the sequon NX(S/T) of secreted polypeptides. 24275653 8 47 theme preferred 1300:1308 arg1 sequon 1319:1324 the preferred acceptor sequon 1296:1324 the preferred acceptor sequon 1296:1324 Although NX(S/T) is the preferred acceptor sequon, we detected glycosylation of alternative sequons, including modification of glutamine and serine residues. 24275653 8 47 theme preferred 1300:1308 arg1 NX 1285:1286 NX 1285:1286 NX(S/T) 1285:1291 Although NX(S/T) is the preferred acceptor sequon, we detected glycosylation of alternative sequons, including modification of glutamine and serine residues. 24275653 4 48 gly glycosylate 739:749 arg1 residues 762:769 asparagine residues 751:769 asparagine residues 751:769 This pathway takes place in the cytoplasm and is mediated by a soluble N-glycosyltransferase (NGT) that uses nucleotide-activated monosaccharides to glycosylate asparagine residues. 24275653 9 49 theme heterologous 1484:1495 arg1 proteins 1497:1504 heterologous proteins 1484:1504 heterologous proteins 1484:1504 We also demonstrate the use of NGT to glycosylate heterologous proteins. 24275653 0 50 theme machinery 53:61 arg1 analysis 10:17 Molecular analysis 0:17 Molecular analysis of an alternative N-glycosylation machinery by functional transfer from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to Escherichia coli. 0:142 Molecular analysis of an alternative N-glycosylation machinery by functional transfer from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to Escherichia coli. 24275653 10 51 theme N-glycoproteins 1593:1607 arg1 engineering 1578:1588 the engineering 1574:1588 the engineering of N-glycoproteins in bacteria 1574:1619 Therefore, our study could provide the basis for a novel route for the engineering of N-glycoproteins in bacteria. 24275653 8 52 gly glycosylation 1339:1351 arg1 sequons 1368:1374 alternative sequons 1356:1374 alternative sequons 1356:1374 Although NX(S/T) is the preferred acceptor sequon, we detected glycosylation of alternative sequons, including modification of glutamine and serine residues. 24275653 8 52 gly glycosylation 1339:1351 arg1 modification 1387:1398 modification 1387:1398 modification of glutamine and serine residues 1387:1431 Although NX(S/T) is the preferred acceptor sequon, we detected glycosylation of alternative sequons, including modification of glutamine and serine residues. 24275653 10 53 from engineering 1578:1588 arg1 bacteria 1612:1619 bacteria 1612:1619 bacteria 1612:1619 Therefore, our study could provide the basis for a novel route for the engineering of N-glycoproteins in bacteria. 24275653 1 54 theme N-Linked 144:151 arg1 modification 208:219 a frequent post-translational modification 178:219 a frequent post-translational modification that can be found in all three domains of life 178:266 N-Linked protein glycosylation is a frequent post-translational modification that can be found in all three domains of life. 24275653 1 54 theme N-Linked 144:151 arg1 glycosylation 161:173 N-Linked protein glycosylation 144:173 N-Linked protein glycosylation 144:173 N-Linked protein glycosylation is a frequent post-translational modification that can be found in all three domains of life. 24275653 7 55 from coli 1208:1211 arg1 analysis 1171:1178 analysis 1171:1178 analysis of the modified sites in E. coli 1171:1211 We identified autotransporter adhesins as the preferred protein substrate of NGT in vivo, and in depth analysis of the modified sites in E. coli revealed a surprisingly relaxed peptide substrate specificity. 24275653 1 56 located found 233:237 arg1 life 263:266 life 263:266 life 263:266 N-Linked protein glycosylation is a frequent post-translational modification that can be found in all three domains of life. 24275653 1 56 located found 233:237 arg2 modification 208:219 a frequent post-translational modification 178:219 a frequent post-translational modification that can be found in all three domains of life 178:266 N-Linked protein glycosylation is a frequent post-translational modification that can be found in all three domains of life. 24275653 1 56 located found 233:237 arg1 domains 252:258 all three domains 242:258 all three domains of life 242:266 N-Linked protein glycosylation is a frequent post-translational modification that can be found in all three domains of life. 24275653 1 56 located found 233:237 arg2 glycosylation 161:173 N-Linked protein glycosylation 144:173 N-Linked protein glycosylation 144:173 N-Linked protein glycosylation is a frequent post-translational modification that can be found in all three domains of life. 24275653 7 57 theme preferred 1114:1122 arg1 adhesins 1098:1105 autotransporter adhesins 1082:1105 autotransporter adhesins 1082:1105 We identified autotransporter adhesins as the preferred protein substrate of NGT in vivo, and in depth analysis of the modified sites in E. coli revealed a surprisingly relaxed peptide substrate specificity. 24275653 7 57 theme preferred 1114:1122 arg1 substrate 1132:1140 the preferred protein substrate 1110:1140 the preferred protein substrate of NGT 1110:1147 We identified autotransporter adhesins as the preferred protein substrate of NGT in vivo, and in depth analysis of the modified sites in E. coli revealed a surprisingly relaxed peptide substrate specificity. 24275653 1 58 theme protein 153:159 arg1 modification 208:219 a frequent post-translational modification 178:219 a frequent post-translational modification that can be found in all three domains of life 178:266 N-Linked protein glycosylation is a frequent post-translational modification that can be found in all three domains of life. 24275653 1 58 theme protein 153:159 arg1 glycosylation 161:173 N-Linked protein glycosylation 144:173 N-Linked protein glycosylation 144:173 N-Linked protein glycosylation is a frequent post-translational modification that can be found in all three domains of life. 24275653 9 59 theme NGT 1465:1467 arg1 use 1458:1460 the use 1454:1460 the use of NGT to glycosylate heterologous proteins 1454:1504 We also demonstrate the use of NGT to glycosylate heterologous proteins. 24275653 7 60 theme NGT 1145:1147 arg1 adhesins 1098:1105 autotransporter adhesins 1082:1105 autotransporter adhesins 1082:1105 We identified autotransporter adhesins as the preferred protein substrate of NGT in vivo, and in depth analysis of the modified sites in E. coli revealed a surprisingly relaxed peptide substrate specificity. 24275653 7 60 theme NGT 1145:1147 arg1 substrate 1132:1140 the preferred protein substrate 1110:1140 the preferred protein substrate of NGT 1110:1147 We identified autotransporter adhesins as the preferred protein substrate of NGT in vivo, and in depth analysis of the modified sites in E. coli revealed a surprisingly relaxed peptide substrate specificity. 24275653 2 61 theme canonical 274:282 arg1 pathway 302:308 a canonical, highly conserved pathway 272:308 a canonical, highly conserved pathway 272:308 In a canonical, highly conserved pathway, an oligosaccharide is transferred by a membrane-bound oligosaccharyltransferase from a lipid donor to asparagines in the sequon NX(S/T) of secreted polypeptides. 24275653 3 62 theme protein 567:573 arg1 glycosylation 575:587 N-linked protein glycosylation 558:587 N-linked protein glycosylation 558:587 The δ-proteobacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae encodes an unusual pathway for N-linked protein glycosylation. 24275653 5 63 theme more 834:837 arg1 detail 839:844 more detail 834:844 more detail 834:844 To characterize the process of cytoplasmic N-glycosylation in more detail, we studied the glycosylation in A. pleuropneumoniae and functionally transferred the glycosylation system to Escherichia coli. 24275653 0 64 from pleuropneumoniae 106:121 arg1 transfer 77:84 functional transfer 66:84 functional transfer from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to Escherichia coli 66:141 Molecular analysis of an alternative N-glycosylation machinery by functional transfer from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to Escherichia coli. 24275653 3 65 theme N-linked 558:565 arg1 glycosylation 575:587 N-linked protein glycosylation 558:587 N-linked protein glycosylation 558:587 The δ-proteobacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae encodes an unusual pathway for N-linked protein glycosylation. 24275653 8 66 theme acceptor 1310:1317 arg1 sequon 1319:1324 the preferred acceptor sequon 1296:1324 the preferred acceptor sequon 1296:1324 Although NX(S/T) is the preferred acceptor sequon, we detected glycosylation of alternative sequons, including modification of glutamine and serine residues. 24275653 8 66 theme acceptor 1310:1317 arg1 NX 1285:1286 NX 1285:1286 NX(S/T) 1285:1291 Although NX(S/T) is the preferred acceptor sequon, we detected glycosylation of alternative sequons, including modification of glutamine and serine residues. 24275653 1 67 theme life 263:266 arg1 life 263:266 life 263:266 life 263:266 N-Linked protein glycosylation is a frequent post-translational modification that can be found in all three domains of life. 24275653 1 67 theme life 263:266 arg1 domains 252:258 all three domains 242:258 all three domains of life 242:266 N-Linked protein glycosylation is a frequent post-translational modification that can be found in all three domains of life. 24275653 0 68 theme functional 66:75 arg1 transfer 77:84 functional transfer 66:84 functional transfer from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to Escherichia coli 66:141 Molecular analysis of an alternative N-glycosylation machinery by functional transfer from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to Escherichia coli. 24275653 5 69 gly glycosylation 862:874 arg1 pleuropneumoniae 882:897 A. pleuropneumoniae 879:897 A. pleuropneumoniae 879:897 To characterize the process of cytoplasmic N-glycosylation in more detail, we studied the glycosylation in A. pleuropneumoniae and functionally transferred the glycosylation system to Escherichia coli. 24275653 2 70 theme lipid 398:402 arg1 donor 404:408 a lipid donor 396:408 a lipid donor to asparagines in the sequon NX(S/T) of secreted polypeptides 396:470 In a canonical, highly conserved pathway, an oligosaccharide is transferred by a membrane-bound oligosaccharyltransferase from a lipid donor to asparagines in the sequon NX(S/T) of secreted polypeptides. 24275653 8 71 theme sequons 1368:1374 arg1 glycosylation 1339:1351 glycosylation 1339:1351 glycosylation of alternative sequons, including modification of glutamine and serine residues 1339:1431 Although NX(S/T) is the preferred acceptor sequon, we detected glycosylation of alternative sequons, including modification of glutamine and serine residues. 24275653 4 72 theme soluble 653:659 arg1 NGT 684:686 NGT 684:686 NGT 684:686 This pathway takes place in the cytoplasm and is mediated by a soluble N-glycosyltransferase (NGT) that uses nucleotide-activated monosaccharides to glycosylate asparagine residues. 24275653 4 72 theme soluble 653:659 arg1 N-glycosyltransferase 661:681 a soluble N-glycosyltransferase 651:681 a soluble N-glycosyltransferase (NGT) that uses nucleotide-activated monosaccharides to glycosylate asparagine residues 651:769 This pathway takes place in the cytoplasm and is mediated by a soluble N-glycosyltransferase (NGT) that uses nucleotide-activated monosaccharides to glycosylate asparagine residues. 25698400 0 0 theme bacterial 86:94 arg1 glycosylation 105:117 bacterial O-linked glycosylation 86:117 bacterial O-linked glycosylation 86:117 Structural analysis of PseH, the Campylobacter jejuni N-acetyltransferase involved in bacterial O-linked glycosylation. 25698400 5 1 theme single-domain 803:815 arg1 structure 817:825 a single-domain structure 801:825 a single-domain structure of a central β-sheet decorated by four α-helices with two continuously connected grooves 801:914 cjPseH folds into a single-domain structure of a central β-sheet decorated by four α-helices with two continuously connected grooves. 25698400 7 2 from space 1036:1040 arg1 groove-S 1075:1082 groove-S 1075:1082 groove-S 1075:1082 Interestingly, the acetyl end of AcCoA points toward an open space in a neighboring shallow groove (groove-S), which is occupied by extra electron density that potentially serves as a pseudosubstrate, suggesting that the groove-S may provide a substrate-binding site. 25698400 7 2 from space 1036:1040 arg1 groove 1067:1072 a neighboring shallow groove 1045:1072 a neighboring shallow groove (groove-S) 1045:1083 Interestingly, the acetyl end of AcCoA points toward an open space in a neighboring shallow groove (groove-S), which is occupied by extra electron density that potentially serves as a pseudosubstrate, suggesting that the groove-S may provide a substrate-binding site. 25698400 0 3 link O-linked 96:103 arg1 glycosylation 105:117 bacterial O-linked glycosylation 86:117 bacterial O-linked glycosylation 86:117 Structural analysis of PseH, the Campylobacter jejuni N-acetyltransferase involved in bacterial O-linked glycosylation. 25698400 6 4 theme AcCoA 959:963 arg1 molecule 965:972 the AcCoA molecule 955:972 the AcCoA molecule 955:972 A deep groove (groove-A) accommodates the AcCoA molecule. 25698400 9 5 theme new 1515:1517 arg1 antibiotics 1519:1529 new antibiotics 1515:1529 new antibiotics 1515:1529 Thus, our studies on cjPseH will provide valuable information for the design of new antibiotics to treat C. jejuni-induced gastroenteritis. 25698400 8 6 theme Structure-based 1243:1257 arg1 analysis 1271:1278 Structure-based comparative analysis 1243:1278 Structure-based comparative analysis 1243:1278 Structure-based comparative analysis suggests that cjPseH utilizes a unique catalytic mechanism of acetylation that has not been observed in other glycosylation-associated acetyltransferases. 25698400 9 7 theme valuable 1476:1483 arg1 information 1485:1495 valuable information 1476:1495 valuable information for the design of new antibiotics to treat C. jejuni-induced gastroenteritis 1476:1572 Thus, our studies on cjPseH will provide valuable information for the design of new antibiotics to treat C. jejuni-induced gastroenteritis. 25698400 7 8 theme AcCoA 1008:1012 arg1 end 1001:1003 the acetyl end 990:1003 the acetyl end of AcCoA 990:1012 Interestingly, the acetyl end of AcCoA points toward an open space in a neighboring shallow groove (groove-S), which is occupied by extra electron density that potentially serves as a pseudosubstrate, suggesting that the groove-S may provide a substrate-binding site. 25698400 8 9 theme other 1384:1388 arg1 acetyltransferases 1415:1432 other glycosylation-associated acetyltransferases 1384:1432 other glycosylation-associated acetyltransferases 1384:1432 Structure-based comparative analysis suggests that cjPseH utilizes a unique catalytic mechanism of acetylation that has not been observed in other glycosylation-associated acetyltransferases. 25698400 2 10 from step 319:322 arg1 glycosylation 346:358 flagellin O-linked glycosylation 327:358 flagellin O-linked glycosylation 327:358 The C. jejuni N-acetyltransferase PseH (cjPseH) is responsible for the third step in flagellin O-linked glycosylation and plays a key role in flagellar formation and motility. 25698400 0 11 theme O-linked 96:103 arg1 glycosylation 105:117 bacterial O-linked glycosylation 86:117 bacterial O-linked glycosylation 86:117 Structural analysis of PseH, the Campylobacter jejuni N-acetyltransferase involved in bacterial O-linked glycosylation. 25698400 7 12 theme acetyl 994:999 arg1 end 1001:1003 the acetyl end 990:1003 the acetyl end of AcCoA 990:1012 Interestingly, the acetyl end of AcCoA points toward an open space in a neighboring shallow groove (groove-S), which is occupied by extra electron density that potentially serves as a pseudosubstrate, suggesting that the groove-S may provide a substrate-binding site. 25698400 4 13 theme Å 769:769 arg1 resolution 771:780 1.95 Å resolution 764:780 1.95 Å resolution 764:780 To elucidate the catalytic mechanism of cjPseH, crystal structures of cjPseH alone and in complex with AcCoA were determined at 1.95 Å resolution. 25698400 9 14 theme antibiotics 1519:1529 arg1 design 1505:1510 the design 1501:1510 the design of new antibiotics to treat C. jejuni-induced gastroenteritis 1501:1572 Thus, our studies on cjPseH will provide valuable information for the design of new antibiotics to treat C. jejuni-induced gastroenteritis. 25698400 3 15 theme coenzyme 480:487 arg1 A 489:489 acetyl coenzyme A 473:489 acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA) 473:497 cjPseH transfers an acetyl group from an acetyl donor, acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), to the amino group of UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine to produce UDP-2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-β-L-altropyranose. 25698400 3 15 theme coenzyme 480:487 arg1 donor 466:470 an acetyl donor 456:470 an acetyl donor 456:470 cjPseH transfers an acetyl group from an acetyl donor, acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), to the amino group of UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine to produce UDP-2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-β-L-altropyranose. 25698400 3 15 theme coenzyme 480:487 arg1 AcCoA 492:496 AcCoA 492:496 AcCoA 492:496 cjPseH transfers an acetyl group from an acetyl donor, acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), to the amino group of UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine to produce UDP-2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-β-L-altropyranose. 25698400 7 16 theme extra 1107:1111 arg1 pseudosubstrate 1159:1173 a pseudosubstrate 1157:1173 a pseudosubstrate 1157:1173 Interestingly, the acetyl end of AcCoA points toward an open space in a neighboring shallow groove (groove-S), which is occupied by extra electron density that potentially serves as a pseudosubstrate, suggesting that the groove-S may provide a substrate-binding site. 25698400 7 16 theme extra 1107:1111 arg1 density 1122:1128 extra electron density 1107:1128 extra electron density that potentially serves as a pseudosubstrate, suggesting that the groove-S may provide a substrate-binding site 1107:1240 Interestingly, the acetyl end of AcCoA points toward an open space in a neighboring shallow groove (groove-S), which is occupied by extra electron density that potentially serves as a pseudosubstrate, suggesting that the groove-S may provide a substrate-binding site. 25698400 5 17 theme β-sheet 840:846 arg1 structure 817:825 a single-domain structure 801:825 a single-domain structure of a central β-sheet decorated by four α-helices with two continuously connected grooves 801:914 cjPseH folds into a single-domain structure of a central β-sheet decorated by four α-helices with two continuously connected grooves. 25698400 7 18 theme electron 1113:1120 arg1 pseudosubstrate 1159:1173 a pseudosubstrate 1157:1173 a pseudosubstrate 1157:1173 Interestingly, the acetyl end of AcCoA points toward an open space in a neighboring shallow groove (groove-S), which is occupied by extra electron density that potentially serves as a pseudosubstrate, suggesting that the groove-S may provide a substrate-binding site. 25698400 7 18 theme electron 1113:1120 arg1 density 1122:1128 extra electron density 1107:1128 extra electron density that potentially serves as a pseudosubstrate, suggesting that the groove-S may provide a substrate-binding site 1107:1240 Interestingly, the acetyl end of AcCoA points toward an open space in a neighboring shallow groove (groove-S), which is occupied by extra electron density that potentially serves as a pseudosubstrate, suggesting that the groove-S may provide a substrate-binding site. 25698400 3 19 theme amino 507:511 arg1 group 513:517 the amino group 503:517 the amino group of UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine to produce UDP-2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-β-L-altropyranose 503:633 cjPseH transfers an acetyl group from an acetyl donor, acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), to the amino group of UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine to produce UDP-2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-β-L-altropyranose. 25698400 3 19 theme amino 507:511 arg1 UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine 522:569 UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine 522:569 UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine 522:569 cjPseH transfers an acetyl group from an acetyl donor, acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), to the amino group of UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine to produce UDP-2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-β-L-altropyranose. 25698400 4 20 theme cjPseH 706:711 arg1 structures 692:701 crystal structures 684:701 crystal structures of cjPseH alone and in complex with AcCoA 684:743 To elucidate the catalytic mechanism of cjPseH, crystal structures of cjPseH alone and in complex with AcCoA were determined at 1.95 Å resolution. 25698400 4 21 with complex 726:732 arg1 AcCoA 739:743 AcCoA 739:743 AcCoA 739:743 To elucidate the catalytic mechanism of cjPseH, crystal structures of cjPseH alone and in complex with AcCoA were determined at 1.95 Å resolution. 25698400 9 22 from studies 1445:1451 arg1 cjPseH 1456:1461 cjPseH 1456:1461 cjPseH 1456:1461 Thus, our studies on cjPseH will provide valuable information for the design of new antibiotics to treat C. jejuni-induced gastroenteritis. 25698400 2 23 theme flagellar 384:392 arg1 formation 394:402 flagellar formation 384:402 flagellar formation 384:402 The C. jejuni N-acetyltransferase PseH (cjPseH) is responsible for the third step in flagellin O-linked glycosylation and plays a key role in flagellar formation and motility. 25698400 0 24 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 analysis 11:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis of PseH, the Campylobacter jejuni N-acetyltransferase 0:72 Structural analysis of PseH, the Campylobacter jejuni N-acetyltransferase involved in bacterial O-linked glycosylation. 25698400 5 25 with α-helices 866:874 arg1 grooves 908:914 two continuously connected grooves 881:914 two continuously connected grooves 881:914 cjPseH folds into a single-domain structure of a central β-sheet decorated by four α-helices with two continuously connected grooves. 25698400 1 26 theme worldwide 199:207 arg1 gastroenteritis 215:229 worldwide acute gastroenteritis 199:229 worldwide acute gastroenteritis in humans 199:239 Campylobacter jejuni is a bacterium that uses flagella for motility and causes worldwide acute gastroenteritis in humans. 25698400 0 27 theme PseH 23:26 arg1 analysis 11:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis of PseH, the Campylobacter jejuni N-acetyltransferase 0:72 Structural analysis of PseH, the Campylobacter jejuni N-acetyltransferase involved in bacterial O-linked glycosylation. 25698400 8 28 theme acetylation 1342:1352 arg1 mechanism 1329:1337 a unique catalytic mechanism 1310:1337 a unique catalytic mechanism of acetylation that has not been observed in other glycosylation-associated acetyltransferases 1310:1432 Structure-based comparative analysis suggests that cjPseH utilizes a unique catalytic mechanism of acetylation that has not been observed in other glycosylation-associated acetyltransferases. 25698400 2 29 theme third 313:317 arg1 step 319:322 the third step 309:322 the third step in flagellin O-linked glycosylation 309:358 The C. jejuni N-acetyltransferase PseH (cjPseH) is responsible for the third step in flagellin O-linked glycosylation and plays a key role in flagellar formation and motility. 25698400 1 30 theme acute 209:213 arg1 gastroenteritis 215:229 worldwide acute gastroenteritis 199:229 worldwide acute gastroenteritis in humans 199:239 Campylobacter jejuni is a bacterium that uses flagella for motility and causes worldwide acute gastroenteritis in humans. 25698400 7 31 theme open 1031:1034 arg1 space 1036:1040 an open space 1028:1040 an open space in a neighboring shallow groove (groove-S), which is occupied by extra electron density that potentially serves as a pseudosubstrate, suggesting that the groove-S may provide a substrate-binding site 1028:1240 Interestingly, the acetyl end of AcCoA points toward an open space in a neighboring shallow groove (groove-S), which is occupied by extra electron density that potentially serves as a pseudosubstrate, suggesting that the groove-S may provide a substrate-binding site. 25698400 6 32 theme deep 919:922 arg1 groove-A 932:939 groove-A 932:939 groove-A 932:939 A deep groove (groove-A) accommodates the AcCoA molecule. 25698400 6 32 theme deep 919:922 arg1 groove 924:929 A deep groove 917:929 A deep groove (groove-A) 917:940 A deep groove (groove-A) accommodates the AcCoA molecule. 25698400 1 33 theme Campylobacter 120:132 arg1 jejuni 134:139 Campylobacter jejuni 120:139 Campylobacter jejuni 120:139 Campylobacter jejuni is a bacterium that uses flagella for motility and causes worldwide acute gastroenteritis in humans. 25698400 1 33 theme Campylobacter 120:132 arg1 bacterium 146:154 a bacterium 144:154 a bacterium that uses flagella for motility and causes worldwide acute gastroenteritis in humans 144:239 Campylobacter jejuni is a bacterium that uses flagella for motility and causes worldwide acute gastroenteritis in humans. 25698400 8 34 theme glycosylation-associated 1390:1413 arg1 acetyltransferases 1415:1432 other glycosylation-associated acetyltransferases 1384:1432 other glycosylation-associated acetyltransferases 1384:1432 Structure-based comparative analysis suggests that cjPseH utilizes a unique catalytic mechanism of acetylation that has not been observed in other glycosylation-associated acetyltransferases. 25698400 2 35 theme jejuni 249:254 arg1 responsible 293:303 responsible 293:303 responsible 293:303 The C. jejuni N-acetyltransferase PseH (cjPseH) is responsible for the third step in flagellin O-linked glycosylation and plays a key role in flagellar formation and motility. 25698400 2 35 theme jejuni 249:254 arg1 PseH 276:279 The C. jejuni N-acetyltransferase PseH 242:279 The C. jejuni N-acetyltransferase PseH (cjPseH) 242:288 The C. jejuni N-acetyltransferase PseH (cjPseH) is responsible for the third step in flagellin O-linked glycosylation and plays a key role in flagellar formation and motility. 25698400 2 35 theme jejuni 249:254 arg1 cjPseH 282:287 cjPseH 282:287 cjPseH 282:287 The C. jejuni N-acetyltransferase PseH (cjPseH) is responsible for the third step in flagellin O-linked glycosylation and plays a key role in flagellar formation and motility. 25698400 3 36 theme acetyl 438:443 arg1 group 445:449 an acetyl group 435:449 an acetyl group from an acetyl donor, acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), 435:498 cjPseH transfers an acetyl group from an acetyl donor, acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), to the amino group of UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine to produce UDP-2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-β-L-altropyranose. 25698400 8 37 theme catalytic 1319:1327 arg1 mechanism 1329:1337 a unique catalytic mechanism 1310:1337 a unique catalytic mechanism of acetylation that has not been observed in other glycosylation-associated acetyltransferases 1310:1432 Structure-based comparative analysis suggests that cjPseH utilizes a unique catalytic mechanism of acetylation that has not been observed in other glycosylation-associated acetyltransferases. 25698400 2 38 theme C. 246:247 arg1 responsible 293:303 responsible 293:303 responsible 293:303 The C. jejuni N-acetyltransferase PseH (cjPseH) is responsible for the third step in flagellin O-linked glycosylation and plays a key role in flagellar formation and motility. 25698400 2 38 theme C. 246:247 arg1 PseH 276:279 The C. jejuni N-acetyltransferase PseH 242:279 The C. jejuni N-acetyltransferase PseH (cjPseH) 242:288 The C. jejuni N-acetyltransferase PseH (cjPseH) is responsible for the third step in flagellin O-linked glycosylation and plays a key role in flagellar formation and motility. 25698400 2 38 theme C. 246:247 arg1 cjPseH 282:287 cjPseH 282:287 cjPseH 282:287 The C. jejuni N-acetyltransferase PseH (cjPseH) is responsible for the third step in flagellin O-linked glycosylation and plays a key role in flagellar formation and motility. 25698400 3 39 theme acetyl 459:464 arg1 A 489:489 acetyl coenzyme A 473:489 acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA) 473:497 cjPseH transfers an acetyl group from an acetyl donor, acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), to the amino group of UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine to produce UDP-2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-β-L-altropyranose. 25698400 3 39 theme acetyl 459:464 arg1 donor 466:470 an acetyl donor 456:470 an acetyl donor 456:470 cjPseH transfers an acetyl group from an acetyl donor, acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), to the amino group of UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine to produce UDP-2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-β-L-altropyranose. 25698400 0 40 theme jejuni 47:52 arg1 N-acetyltransferase 54:72 the Campylobacter jejuni N-acetyltransferase 29:72 the Campylobacter jejuni N-acetyltransferase 29:72 Structural analysis of PseH, the Campylobacter jejuni N-acetyltransferase involved in bacterial O-linked glycosylation. 25698400 0 40 theme jejuni 47:52 arg1 PseH 23:26 PseH 23:26 PseH 23:26 Structural analysis of PseH, the Campylobacter jejuni N-acetyltransferase involved in bacterial O-linked glycosylation. 25698400 7 41 theme substrate-binding 1219:1235 arg1 site 1237:1240 a substrate-binding site 1217:1240 a substrate-binding site 1217:1240 Interestingly, the acetyl end of AcCoA points toward an open space in a neighboring shallow groove (groove-S), which is occupied by extra electron density that potentially serves as a pseudosubstrate, suggesting that the groove-S may provide a substrate-binding site. 25698400 7 42 theme neighboring 1047:1057 arg1 groove-S 1075:1082 groove-S 1075:1082 groove-S 1075:1082 Interestingly, the acetyl end of AcCoA points toward an open space in a neighboring shallow groove (groove-S), which is occupied by extra electron density that potentially serves as a pseudosubstrate, suggesting that the groove-S may provide a substrate-binding site. 25698400 7 42 theme neighboring 1047:1057 arg1 groove 1067:1072 a neighboring shallow groove 1045:1072 a neighboring shallow groove (groove-S) 1045:1083 Interestingly, the acetyl end of AcCoA points toward an open space in a neighboring shallow groove (groove-S), which is occupied by extra electron density that potentially serves as a pseudosubstrate, suggesting that the groove-S may provide a substrate-binding site. 25698400 9 43 theme jejuni-induced 1543:1556 arg1 gastroenteritis 1558:1572 C. jejuni-induced gastroenteritis 1540:1572 C. jejuni-induced gastroenteritis 1540:1572 Thus, our studies on cjPseH will provide valuable information for the design of new antibiotics to treat C. jejuni-induced gastroenteritis. 25698400 0 44 theme Campylobacter 33:45 arg1 jejuni 47:52 Campylobacter jejuni 33:52 the Campylobacter jejuni N-acetyltransferase 29:72 Structural analysis of PseH, the Campylobacter jejuni N-acetyltransferase involved in bacterial O-linked glycosylation. 25698400 3 45 from donor 466:470 arg1 group 445:449 an acetyl group 435:449 an acetyl group from an acetyl donor, acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), 435:498 cjPseH transfers an acetyl group from an acetyl donor, acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), to the amino group of UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine to produce UDP-2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-β-L-altropyranose. 25698400 7 46 theme shallow 1059:1065 arg1 groove-S 1075:1082 groove-S 1075:1082 groove-S 1075:1082 Interestingly, the acetyl end of AcCoA points toward an open space in a neighboring shallow groove (groove-S), which is occupied by extra electron density that potentially serves as a pseudosubstrate, suggesting that the groove-S may provide a substrate-binding site. 25698400 7 46 theme shallow 1059:1065 arg1 groove 1067:1072 a neighboring shallow groove 1045:1072 a neighboring shallow groove (groove-S) 1045:1083 Interestingly, the acetyl end of AcCoA points toward an open space in a neighboring shallow groove (groove-S), which is occupied by extra electron density that potentially serves as a pseudosubstrate, suggesting that the groove-S may provide a substrate-binding site. 25698400 1 47 from gastroenteritis 215:229 arg1 humans 234:239 humans 234:239 humans 234:239 Campylobacter jejuni is a bacterium that uses flagella for motility and causes worldwide acute gastroenteritis in humans. 25698400 2 48 theme O-linked 337:344 arg1 glycosylation 346:358 flagellin O-linked glycosylation 327:358 flagellin O-linked glycosylation 327:358 The C. jejuni N-acetyltransferase PseH (cjPseH) is responsible for the third step in flagellin O-linked glycosylation and plays a key role in flagellar formation and motility. 25698400 3 49 theme UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine 522:569 arg1 group 513:517 the amino group 503:517 the amino group of UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine to produce UDP-2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-β-L-altropyranose 503:633 cjPseH transfers an acetyl group from an acetyl donor, acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), to the amino group of UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine to produce UDP-2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-β-L-altropyranose. 25698400 3 49 theme UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine 522:569 arg1 UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine 522:569 UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine 522:569 UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine 522:569 cjPseH transfers an acetyl group from an acetyl donor, acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), to the amino group of UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine to produce UDP-2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-β-L-altropyranose. 25698400 8 50 theme unique 1312:1317 arg1 mechanism 1329:1337 a unique catalytic mechanism 1310:1337 a unique catalytic mechanism of acetylation that has not been observed in other glycosylation-associated acetyltransferases 1310:1432 Structure-based comparative analysis suggests that cjPseH utilizes a unique catalytic mechanism of acetylation that has not been observed in other glycosylation-associated acetyltransferases. 25698400 8 51 located observed 1372:1379 arg2 mechanism 1329:1337 a unique catalytic mechanism 1310:1337 a unique catalytic mechanism of acetylation that has not been observed in other glycosylation-associated acetyltransferases 1310:1432 Structure-based comparative analysis suggests that cjPseH utilizes a unique catalytic mechanism of acetylation that has not been observed in other glycosylation-associated acetyltransferases. 25698400 8 51 located observed 1372:1379 arg1 acetyltransferases 1415:1432 other glycosylation-associated acetyltransferases 1384:1432 other glycosylation-associated acetyltransferases 1384:1432 Structure-based comparative analysis suggests that cjPseH utilizes a unique catalytic mechanism of acetylation that has not been observed in other glycosylation-associated acetyltransferases. 25698400 2 52 theme flagellin 327:335 arg1 glycosylation 346:358 flagellin O-linked glycosylation 327:358 flagellin O-linked glycosylation 327:358 The C. jejuni N-acetyltransferase PseH (cjPseH) is responsible for the third step in flagellin O-linked glycosylation and plays a key role in flagellar formation and motility. 25698400 8 53 theme comparative 1259:1269 arg1 analysis 1271:1278 Structure-based comparative analysis 1243:1278 Structure-based comparative analysis 1243:1278 Structure-based comparative analysis suggests that cjPseH utilizes a unique catalytic mechanism of acetylation that has not been observed in other glycosylation-associated acetyltransferases. 25698400 3 54 theme acetyl 473:478 arg1 A 489:489 acetyl coenzyme A 473:489 acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA) 473:497 cjPseH transfers an acetyl group from an acetyl donor, acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), to the amino group of UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine to produce UDP-2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-β-L-altropyranose. 25698400 3 54 theme acetyl 473:478 arg1 donor 466:470 an acetyl donor 456:470 an acetyl donor 456:470 cjPseH transfers an acetyl group from an acetyl donor, acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), to the amino group of UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine to produce UDP-2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-β-L-altropyranose. 25698400 3 54 theme acetyl 473:478 arg1 AcCoA 492:496 AcCoA 492:496 AcCoA 492:496 cjPseH transfers an acetyl group from an acetyl donor, acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), to the amino group of UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-β-L-altrosamine to produce UDP-2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-β-L-altropyranose. 25698400 9 55 theme C. 1540:1541 arg1 gastroenteritis 1558:1572 C. jejuni-induced gastroenteritis 1540:1572 C. jejuni-induced gastroenteritis 1540:1572 Thus, our studies on cjPseH will provide valuable information for the design of new antibiotics to treat C. jejuni-induced gastroenteritis. 25698400 5 56 theme connected 898:906 arg1 grooves 908:914 two continuously connected grooves 881:914 two continuously connected grooves 881:914 cjPseH folds into a single-domain structure of a central β-sheet decorated by four α-helices with two continuously connected grooves. 25698400 4 57 theme crystal 684:690 arg1 structures 692:701 crystal structures 684:701 crystal structures of cjPseH alone and in complex with AcCoA 684:743 To elucidate the catalytic mechanism of cjPseH, crystal structures of cjPseH alone and in complex with AcCoA were determined at 1.95 Å resolution. 25698400 4 58 theme cjPseH 676:681 arg1 mechanism 663:671 the catalytic mechanism 649:671 the catalytic mechanism of cjPseH 649:681 To elucidate the catalytic mechanism of cjPseH, crystal structures of cjPseH alone and in complex with AcCoA were determined at 1.95 Å resolution. 25698400 5 59 theme central 832:838 arg1 β-sheet 840:846 a central β-sheet 830:846 a central β-sheet decorated by four α-helices with two continuously connected grooves 830:914 cjPseH folds into a single-domain structure of a central β-sheet decorated by four α-helices with two continuously connected grooves. 25698400 2 60 link O-linked 337:344 arg1 glycosylation 346:358 flagellin O-linked glycosylation 327:358 flagellin O-linked glycosylation 327:358 The C. jejuni N-acetyltransferase PseH (cjPseH) is responsible for the third step in flagellin O-linked glycosylation and plays a key role in flagellar formation and motility. 25698400 2 61 theme N-acetyltransferase 256:274 arg1 responsible 293:303 responsible 293:303 responsible 293:303 The C. jejuni N-acetyltransferase PseH (cjPseH) is responsible for the third step in flagellin O-linked glycosylation and plays a key role in flagellar formation and motility. 25698400 2 61 theme N-acetyltransferase 256:274 arg1 PseH 276:279 The C. jejuni N-acetyltransferase PseH 242:279 The C. jejuni N-acetyltransferase PseH (cjPseH) 242:288 The C. jejuni N-acetyltransferase PseH (cjPseH) is responsible for the third step in flagellin O-linked glycosylation and plays a key role in flagellar formation and motility. 25698400 2 61 theme N-acetyltransferase 256:274 arg1 cjPseH 282:287 cjPseH 282:287 cjPseH 282:287 The C. jejuni N-acetyltransferase PseH (cjPseH) is responsible for the third step in flagellin O-linked glycosylation and plays a key role in flagellar formation and motility. 25698400 4 62 theme catalytic 653:661 arg1 mechanism 663:671 the catalytic mechanism 649:671 the catalytic mechanism of cjPseH 649:681 To elucidate the catalytic mechanism of cjPseH, crystal structures of cjPseH alone and in complex with AcCoA were determined at 1.95 Å resolution. 25698400 2 63 theme key 372:374 arg1 role 376:379 a key role 370:379 a key role 370:379 The C. jejuni N-acetyltransferase PseH (cjPseH) is responsible for the third step in flagellin O-linked glycosylation and plays a key role in flagellar formation and motility. 25698400 7 64 used occupied 1095:1102 arg2 groove-S 1075:1082 groove-S 1075:1082 groove-S 1075:1082 Interestingly, the acetyl end of AcCoA points toward an open space in a neighboring shallow groove (groove-S), which is occupied by extra electron density that potentially serves as a pseudosubstrate, suggesting that the groove-S may provide a substrate-binding site. 25698400 7 64 used occupied 1095:1102 arg2 groove 1067:1072 a neighboring shallow groove 1045:1072 a neighboring shallow groove (groove-S) 1045:1083 Interestingly, the acetyl end of AcCoA points toward an open space in a neighboring shallow groove (groove-S), which is occupied by extra electron density that potentially serves as a pseudosubstrate, suggesting that the groove-S may provide a substrate-binding site. 28199111 6 0 theme apparent 1216:1223 arg1 bias 1225:1228 no apparent bias 1213:1228 no apparent bias toward specific glycan types 1213:1257 The greatest glycoform diversity was observed in SAX-ERLIC enrichment, with no apparent bias toward specific glycan types. 28199111 3 1 theme N-linked 536:543 arg1 techniques 569:578 three common N-linked glycopeptide enrichment techniques 523:578 three common N-linked glycopeptide enrichment techniques 523:578 In this study, the utility of three common N-linked glycopeptide enrichment techniques is compared using human plasma. 28199111 4 2 theme LTQ-Orbitrap 630:641 arg1 spectrometer 654:665 an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer 627:665 an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer 627:665 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 7 3 theme Orbitrap 1315:1322 arg1 spectrometer 1342:1353 an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer 1312:1353 an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer 1312:1353 SAX-ERLIC enrichments were additionally analyzed by an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer to maximize glycopeptide identifications for a more comprehensive assessment of protein glycosylation. 28199111 8 4 from glycoproteins 1564:1576 arg1 sites 1543:1547 208 glycosylation sites 1525:1547 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis 1525:1705 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 0 5 theme Glycoproteomic 85:98 arg1 Analysis 100:107 Extensive Glycoproteomic Analysis 75:107 Extensive Glycoproteomic Analysis of Plasma Enabled by SAX-ERLIC 75:138 Parallel Comparison of N-Linked Glycopeptide Enrichment Techniques Reveals Extensive Glycoproteomic Analysis of Plasma Enabled by SAX-ERLIC. 28199111 4 6 theme strong 744:749 arg1 exchange 757:764 strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) 744:799 strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) 744:799 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 9 7 with ProteomeXchange 1770:1784 arg1 identifier 1791:1800 identifier PXD005655 1791:1810 identifier PXD005655 1791:1810 Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD005655. 28199111 2 8 theme low 355:357 arg1 abundance 359:367 its low abundance 351:367 its low abundance 351:367 Characterizing protein glycosylation remains analytically challenging due to its low abundance, ion suppression issues, and microheterogeneity at glycosylation sites, especially in complex samples such as human plasma. 28199111 5 9 theme unique 991:996 arg1 glycoforms 998:1007 191 unique glycoforms 987:1007 191 unique glycoforms across 72 glycosylation sites from 48 glycoproteins, which is more than double that detected using other enrichment techniques 987:1134 SAX-ERLIC enrichment yielded 191 unique glycoforms across 72 glycosylation sites from 48 glycoproteins, which is more than double that detected using other enrichment techniques. 28199111 2 10 from microheterogeneity 398:415 arg1 plasma 485:490 human plasma 479:490 human plasma 479:490 Characterizing protein glycosylation remains analytically challenging due to its low abundance, ion suppression issues, and microheterogeneity at glycosylation sites, especially in complex samples such as human plasma. 28199111 2 10 from microheterogeneity 398:415 arg1 samples 463:469 complex samples 455:469 complex samples such as human plasma 455:490 Characterizing protein glycosylation remains analytically challenging due to its low abundance, ion suppression issues, and microheterogeneity at glycosylation sites, especially in complex samples such as human plasma. 28199111 4 11 theme repulsion 682:690 arg1 chromatography 723:736 electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 668:736 electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) 668:799 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 7 12 gly glycopeptide 1367:1378 arg2 glycopeptide 1367:1378 glycopeptide identifications 1367:1394 glycopeptide identifications 1367:1394 SAX-ERLIC enrichments were additionally analyzed by an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer to maximize glycopeptide identifications for a more comprehensive assessment of protein glycosylation. 28199111 1 13 theme protein 219:225 arg1 function 227:234 protein function 219:234 protein function 219:234 Protein glycosylation is of increasing interest due to its important roles in protein function and aberrant expression with disease. 28199111 5 14 gly glycoproteins 1047:1059 arg1 glycoproteins 1047:1059 48 glycoproteins 1044:1059 48 glycoproteins 1044:1059 SAX-ERLIC enrichment yielded 191 unique glycoforms across 72 glycosylation sites from 48 glycoproteins, which is more than double that detected using other enrichment techniques. 28199111 8 15 theme initial 1614:1620 arg1 comparison 1629:1638 the initial method comparison 1610:1638 the initial method comparison 1610:1638 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 4 16 theme interaction 704:714 arg1 chromatography 723:736 electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 668:736 electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) 668:799 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 5 17 theme SAX-ERLIC 958:966 arg1 enrichment 968:977 SAX-ERLIC enrichment 958:977 SAX-ERLIC enrichment 958:977 SAX-ERLIC enrichment yielded 191 unique glycoforms across 72 glycosylation sites from 48 glycoproteins, which is more than double that detected using other enrichment techniques. 28199111 1 18 theme Protein 141:147 arg1 glycosylation 149:161 Protein glycosylation 141:161 Protein glycosylation 141:161 Protein glycosylation is of increasing interest due to its important roles in protein function and aberrant expression with disease. 28199111 5 19 gly glycosylation 1019:1031 arg2 sites 1033:1037 72 glycosylation sites 1016:1037 72 glycosylation sites from 48 glycoproteins, which is more than double that detected using other enrichment techniques 1016:1134 SAX-ERLIC enrichment yielded 191 unique glycoforms across 72 glycosylation sites from 48 glycoproteins, which is more than double that detected using other enrichment techniques. 28199111 5 19 gly glycosylation 1019:1031 arg2 72 1016:1017 72 1016:1017 72 1016:1017 SAX-ERLIC enrichment yielded 191 unique glycoforms across 72 glycosylation sites from 48 glycoproteins, which is more than double that detected using other enrichment techniques. 28199111 2 20 theme protein 289:295 arg1 glycosylation 297:309 protein glycosylation 289:309 protein glycosylation 289:309 Characterizing protein glycosylation remains analytically challenging due to its low abundance, ion suppression issues, and microheterogeneity at glycosylation sites, especially in complex samples such as human plasma. 28199111 6 21 theme greatest 1141:1148 arg1 diversity 1160:1168 The greatest glycoform diversity 1137:1168 The greatest glycoform diversity 1137:1168 The greatest glycoform diversity was observed in SAX-ERLIC enrichment, with no apparent bias toward specific glycan types. 28199111 8 22 theme 829 1480:1482 arg1 glycoforms 1491:1500 829 unique glycoforms 1480:1500 829 unique glycoforms 1480:1500 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 0 23 theme Extensive 75:83 arg1 Analysis 100:107 Extensive Glycoproteomic Analysis 75:107 Extensive Glycoproteomic Analysis of Plasma Enabled by SAX-ERLIC 75:138 Parallel Comparison of N-Linked Glycopeptide Enrichment Techniques Reveals Extensive Glycoproteomic Analysis of Plasma Enabled by SAX-ERLIC. 28199111 8 24 theme extensive 1660:1668 arg1 analysis 1698:1705 the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis 1651:1705 the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis 1651:1705 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 5 25 theme glycosylation 1019:1031 arg1 sites 1033:1037 72 glycosylation sites 1016:1037 72 glycosylation sites from 48 glycoproteins, which is more than double that detected using other enrichment techniques 1016:1134 SAX-ERLIC enrichment yielded 191 unique glycoforms across 72 glycosylation sites from 48 glycoproteins, which is more than double that detected using other enrichment techniques. 28199111 2 26 from abundance 359:367 arg1 plasma 485:490 human plasma 479:490 human plasma 479:490 Characterizing protein glycosylation remains analytically challenging due to its low abundance, ion suppression issues, and microheterogeneity at glycosylation sites, especially in complex samples such as human plasma. 28199111 2 26 from abundance 359:367 arg1 samples 463:469 complex samples 455:469 complex samples such as human plasma 455:490 Characterizing protein glycosylation remains analytically challenging due to its low abundance, ion suppression issues, and microheterogeneity at glycosylation sites, especially in complex samples such as human plasma. 28199111 8 27 theme glycosylation 1684:1696 arg1 analysis 1698:1705 the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis 1651:1705 the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis 1651:1705 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 0 28 theme Plasma 112:117 arg1 Analysis 100:107 Extensive Glycoproteomic Analysis 75:107 Extensive Glycoproteomic Analysis of Plasma Enabled by SAX-ERLIC 75:138 Parallel Comparison of N-Linked Glycopeptide Enrichment Techniques Reveals Extensive Glycoproteomic Analysis of Plasma Enabled by SAX-ERLIC. 28199111 7 29 theme Lumos 1331:1335 arg1 spectrometer 1342:1353 an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer 1312:1353 an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer 1312:1353 SAX-ERLIC enrichments were additionally analyzed by an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer to maximize glycopeptide identifications for a more comprehensive assessment of protein glycosylation. 28199111 8 30 theme human 1725:1729 arg1 plasma 1731:1736 immunodepleted human plasma 1710:1736 immunodepleted human plasma to date 1710:1744 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 2 31 gly glycosylation 420:432 arg2 sites 434:438 glycosylation sites 420:438 glycosylation sites 420:438 Characterizing protein glycosylation remains analytically challenging due to its low abundance, ion suppression issues, and microheterogeneity at glycosylation sites, especially in complex samples such as human plasma. 28199111 7 32 theme glycopeptide 1367:1378 arg1 identifications 1380:1394 glycopeptide identifications 1367:1394 glycopeptide identifications 1367:1394 SAX-ERLIC enrichments were additionally analyzed by an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer to maximize glycopeptide identifications for a more comprehensive assessment of protein glycosylation. 28199111 0 33 theme Parallel 0:7 arg1 Comparison 9:18 Parallel Comparison 0:18 Parallel Comparison of N-Linked Glycopeptide Enrichment Techniques 0:65 Parallel Comparison of N-Linked Glycopeptide Enrichment Techniques Reveals Extensive Glycoproteomic Analysis of Plasma Enabled by SAX-ERLIC. 28199111 6 34 theme SAX-ERLIC 1186:1194 arg1 enrichment 1196:1205 SAX-ERLIC enrichment 1186:1205 SAX-ERLIC enrichment 1186:1205 The greatest glycoform diversity was observed in SAX-ERLIC enrichment, with no apparent bias toward specific glycan types. 28199111 2 35 theme human 479:483 arg1 plasma 485:490 human plasma 479:490 human plasma 479:490 Characterizing protein glycosylation remains analytically challenging due to its low abundance, ion suppression issues, and microheterogeneity at glycosylation sites, especially in complex samples such as human plasma. 28199111 4 36 theme N-linked 829:836 arg1 enrichment 851:860 the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 810:860 the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 810:860 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 2 37 theme complex 455:461 arg1 plasma 485:490 human plasma 479:490 human plasma 479:490 Characterizing protein glycosylation remains analytically challenging due to its low abundance, ion suppression issues, and microheterogeneity at glycosylation sites, especially in complex samples such as human plasma. 28199111 2 37 theme complex 455:461 arg1 samples 463:469 complex samples 455:469 complex samples such as human plasma 455:490 Characterizing protein glycosylation remains analytically challenging due to its low abundance, ion suppression issues, and microheterogeneity at glycosylation sites, especially in complex samples such as human plasma. 28199111 0 38 theme Glycopeptide 32:43 arg1 Techniques 56:65 N-Linked Glycopeptide Enrichment Techniques 23:65 N-Linked Glycopeptide Enrichment Techniques 23:65 Parallel Comparison of N-Linked Glycopeptide Enrichment Techniques Reveals Extensive Glycoproteomic Analysis of Plasma Enabled by SAX-ERLIC. 28199111 8 39 gly glycosylation 1529:1541 arg2 sites 1543:1547 208 glycosylation sites 1525:1547 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis 1525:1705 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 8 39 gly glycosylation 1529:1541 arg2 208 1525:1527 208 1525:1527 208 1525:1527 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 2 40 from sites 434:438 arg1 issues 386:391 ion suppression issues 370:391 ion suppression issues 370:391 Characterizing protein glycosylation remains analytically challenging due to its low abundance, ion suppression issues, and microheterogeneity at glycosylation sites, especially in complex samples such as human plasma. 28199111 2 40 from sites 434:438 arg1 microheterogeneity 398:415 microheterogeneity 398:415 microheterogeneity at glycosylation sites 398:438 Characterizing protein glycosylation remains analytically challenging due to its low abundance, ion suppression issues, and microheterogeneity at glycosylation sites, especially in complex samples such as human plasma. 28199111 2 40 from sites 434:438 arg1 abundance 359:367 its low abundance 351:367 its low abundance 351:367 Characterizing protein glycosylation remains analytically challenging due to its low abundance, ion suppression issues, and microheterogeneity at glycosylation sites, especially in complex samples such as human plasma. 28199111 8 41 from comparison 1629:1638 arg1 improvement 1593:1603 a significant improvement 1579:1603 a significant improvement from the initial method comparison 1579:1638 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 8 41 from comparison 1629:1638 arg1 glycoproteins 1564:1576 95 plasma glycoproteins 1554:1576 95 plasma glycoproteins 1554:1576 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 0 42 theme Techniques 56:65 arg1 Comparison 9:18 Parallel Comparison 0:18 Parallel Comparison of N-Linked Glycopeptide Enrichment Techniques 0:65 Parallel Comparison of N-Linked Glycopeptide Enrichment Techniques Reveals Extensive Glycoproteomic Analysis of Plasma Enabled by SAX-ERLIC. 28199111 1 43 with roles 210:214 arg1 disease 265:271 disease 265:271 disease 265:271 Protein glycosylation is of increasing interest due to its important roles in protein function and aberrant expression with disease. 28199111 7 44 theme glycosylation 1443:1455 arg1 assessment 1421:1430 a more comprehensive assessment 1400:1430 a more comprehensive assessment of protein glycosylation 1400:1455 SAX-ERLIC enrichments were additionally analyzed by an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer to maximize glycopeptide identifications for a more comprehensive assessment of protein glycosylation. 28199111 4 45 theme multilectin 881:891 arg1 M-LAC 918:922 M-LAC 918:922 M-LAC 918:922 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 4 45 theme multilectin 881:891 arg1 chromatography 902:915 multilectin affinity chromatography 881:915 multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) 881:923 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 2 46 theme ion 370:372 arg1 issues 386:391 ion suppression issues 370:391 ion suppression issues 370:391 Characterizing protein glycosylation remains analytically challenging due to its low abundance, ion suppression issues, and microheterogeneity at glycosylation sites, especially in complex samples such as human plasma. 28199111 1 47 theme aberrant 240:247 arg1 expression 249:258 aberrant expression 240:258 aberrant expression 240:258 Protein glycosylation is of increasing interest due to its important roles in protein function and aberrant expression with disease. 28199111 5 48 theme other 1108:1112 arg1 techniques 1125:1134 other enrichment techniques 1108:1134 other enrichment techniques 1108:1134 SAX-ERLIC enrichment yielded 191 unique glycoforms across 72 glycosylation sites from 48 glycoproteins, which is more than double that detected using other enrichment techniques. 28199111 6 49 theme specific 1237:1244 arg1 types 1253:1257 specific glycan types 1237:1257 specific glycan types 1237:1257 The greatest glycoform diversity was observed in SAX-ERLIC enrichment, with no apparent bias toward specific glycan types. 28199111 4 50 theme Elite 643:647 arg1 spectrometer 654:665 an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer 627:665 an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer 627:665 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 3 51 theme glycopeptide 545:556 arg1 techniques 569:578 three common N-linked glycopeptide enrichment techniques 523:578 three common N-linked glycopeptide enrichment techniques 523:578 In this study, the utility of three common N-linked glycopeptide enrichment techniques is compared using human plasma. 28199111 7 52 theme comprehensive 1407:1419 arg1 assessment 1421:1430 a more comprehensive assessment 1400:1430 a more comprehensive assessment of protein glycosylation 1400:1455 SAX-ERLIC enrichments were additionally analyzed by an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer to maximize glycopeptide identifications for a more comprehensive assessment of protein glycosylation. 28199111 3 53 theme common 529:534 arg1 techniques 569:578 three common N-linked glycopeptide enrichment techniques 523:578 three common N-linked glycopeptide enrichment techniques 523:578 In this study, the utility of three common N-linked glycopeptide enrichment techniques is compared using human plasma. 28199111 2 54 from issues 386:391 arg1 plasma 485:490 human plasma 479:490 human plasma 479:490 Characterizing protein glycosylation remains analytically challenging due to its low abundance, ion suppression issues, and microheterogeneity at glycosylation sites, especially in complex samples such as human plasma. 28199111 2 54 from issues 386:391 arg1 samples 463:469 complex samples 455:469 complex samples such as human plasma 455:490 Characterizing protein glycosylation remains analytically challenging due to its low abundance, ion suppression issues, and microheterogeneity at glycosylation sites, especially in complex samples such as human plasma. 28199111 3 55 theme techniques 569:578 arg1 utility 512:518 the utility 508:518 the utility of three common N-linked glycopeptide enrichment techniques 508:578 In this study, the utility of three common N-linked glycopeptide enrichment techniques is compared using human plasma. 28199111 4 56 theme Sepharose-HILIC 929:943 arg1 enrichments 945:955 Sepharose-HILIC enrichments 929:955 Sepharose-HILIC enrichments 929:955 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 4 57 theme liquid 716:721 arg1 chromatography 723:736 electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 668:736 electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) 668:799 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 1 58 theme important 200:208 arg1 roles 210:214 its important roles 196:214 its important roles in protein function and aberrant expression with disease 196:271 Protein glycosylation is of increasing interest due to its important roles in protein function and aberrant expression with disease. 28199111 3 59 theme human 598:602 arg1 plasma 604:609 human plasma 598:609 human plasma 598:609 In this study, the utility of three common N-linked glycopeptide enrichment techniques is compared using human plasma. 28199111 8 60 theme site-specific 1670:1682 arg1 analysis 1698:1705 the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis 1651:1705 the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis 1651:1705 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 3 61 link N-linked 536:543 arg1 techniques 569:578 three common N-linked glycopeptide enrichment techniques 523:578 three common N-linked glycopeptide enrichment techniques 523:578 In this study, the utility of three common N-linked glycopeptide enrichment techniques is compared using human plasma. 28199111 8 62 theme method 1622:1627 arg1 comparison 1629:1638 the initial method comparison 1610:1638 the initial method comparison 1610:1638 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 8 63 theme unique 1484:1489 arg1 glycoforms 1491:1500 829 unique glycoforms 1480:1500 829 unique glycoforms 1480:1500 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 4 64 theme electrostatic 668:680 arg1 chromatography 723:736 electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 668:736 electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) 668:799 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 4 65 theme hydrophilic 692:702 arg1 chromatography 723:736 electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 668:736 electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) 668:799 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 6 66 theme glycoform 1150:1158 arg1 diversity 1160:1168 The greatest glycoform diversity 1137:1168 The greatest glycoform diversity 1137:1168 The greatest glycoform diversity was observed in SAX-ERLIC enrichment, with no apparent bias toward specific glycan types. 28199111 5 67 dep double 1081:1086 arg1 more 1071:1074 more 1071:1074 more 1071:1074 SAX-ERLIC enrichment yielded 191 unique glycoforms across 72 glycosylation sites from 48 glycoproteins, which is more than double that detected using other enrichment techniques. 28199111 5 67 dep double 1081:1086 arg1 than 1076:1079 than 1076:1079 than 1076:1079 SAX-ERLIC enrichment yielded 191 unique glycoforms across 72 glycosylation sites from 48 glycoproteins, which is more than double that detected using other enrichment techniques. 28199111 4 68 gly glycopeptide 838:849 arg2 glycopeptide 838:849 the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 810:860 the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 810:860 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 1 69 from roles 210:214 arg1 function 227:234 protein function 219:234 protein function 219:234 Protein glycosylation is of increasing interest due to its important roles in protein function and aberrant expression with disease. 28199111 1 69 from roles 210:214 arg1 expression 249:258 aberrant expression 240:258 aberrant expression 240:258 Protein glycosylation is of increasing interest due to its important roles in protein function and aberrant expression with disease. 28199111 6 70 located observed 1174:1181 arg1 enrichment 1196:1205 SAX-ERLIC enrichment 1186:1205 SAX-ERLIC enrichment 1186:1205 The greatest glycoform diversity was observed in SAX-ERLIC enrichment, with no apparent bias toward specific glycan types. 28199111 6 70 located observed 1174:1181 arg2 diversity 1160:1168 The greatest glycoform diversity 1137:1168 The greatest glycoform diversity 1137:1168 The greatest glycoform diversity was observed in SAX-ERLIC enrichment, with no apparent bias toward specific glycan types. 28199111 4 71 theme anion 751:755 arg1 exchange 757:764 strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) 744:799 strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) 744:799 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 8 72 theme analysis 1698:1705 arg1 analysis 1698:1705 the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis 1651:1705 the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis 1651:1705 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 8 72 theme analysis 1698:1705 arg1 glycoproteins 1564:1576 95 plasma glycoproteins 1554:1576 95 plasma glycoproteins 1554:1576 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 8 72 theme analysis 1698:1705 arg1 one 1644:1646 one 1644:1646 one 1644:1646 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 4 73 theme solid-phase 766:776 arg1 SAX-ERLIC 790:798 SAX-ERLIC 790:798 SAX-ERLIC 790:798 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 4 73 theme solid-phase 766:776 arg1 extraction 778:787 solid-phase extraction 766:787 strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) 744:799 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 7 74 theme mass 1337:1340 arg1 spectrometer 1342:1353 an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer 1312:1353 an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer 1312:1353 SAX-ERLIC enrichments were additionally analyzed by an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer to maximize glycopeptide identifications for a more comprehensive assessment of protein glycosylation. 28199111 8 75 theme immunodepleted 1710:1723 arg1 plasma 1731:1736 immunodepleted human plasma 1710:1736 immunodepleted human plasma to date 1710:1744 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 3 76 gly glycopeptide 545:556 arg2 glycopeptide 545:556 three common N-linked glycopeptide enrichment techniques 523:578 three common N-linked glycopeptide enrichment techniques 523:578 In this study, the utility of three common N-linked glycopeptide enrichment techniques is compared using human plasma. 28199111 4 77 theme glycopeptide 838:849 arg1 enrichment 851:860 the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 810:860 the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 810:860 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 7 78 theme Fusion 1324:1329 arg1 spectrometer 1342:1353 an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer 1312:1353 an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer 1312:1353 SAX-ERLIC enrichments were additionally analyzed by an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer to maximize glycopeptide identifications for a more comprehensive assessment of protein glycosylation. 28199111 4 79 dep exchange 757:764 arg1 SAX-ERLIC 790:798 SAX-ERLIC 790:798 SAX-ERLIC 790:798 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 4 79 dep exchange 757:764 arg1 extraction 778:787 solid-phase extraction 766:787 strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) 744:799 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 8 80 gly glycoforms 1491:1500 arg1 829 1480:1482 829 unique glycoforms 1480:1500 829 unique glycoforms 1480:1500 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 5 81 from glycoproteins 1047:1059 arg1 sites 1033:1037 72 glycosylation sites 1016:1037 72 glycosylation sites from 48 glycoproteins, which is more than double that detected using other enrichment techniques 1016:1134 SAX-ERLIC enrichment yielded 191 unique glycoforms across 72 glycosylation sites from 48 glycoproteins, which is more than double that detected using other enrichment techniques. 28199111 8 82 theme glycosylation 1529:1541 arg1 sites 1543:1547 208 glycosylation sites 1525:1547 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis 1525:1705 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 2 83 theme glycosylation 420:432 arg1 sites 434:438 glycosylation sites 420:438 glycosylation sites 420:438 Characterizing protein glycosylation remains analytically challenging due to its low abundance, ion suppression issues, and microheterogeneity at glycosylation sites, especially in complex samples such as human plasma. 28199111 0 84 theme N-Linked 23:30 arg1 Techniques 56:65 N-Linked Glycopeptide Enrichment Techniques 23:65 N-Linked Glycopeptide Enrichment Techniques 23:65 Parallel Comparison of N-Linked Glycopeptide Enrichment Techniques Reveals Extensive Glycoproteomic Analysis of Plasma Enabled by SAX-ERLIC. 28199111 4 85 theme extensive 819:827 arg1 enrichment 851:860 the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 810:860 the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 810:860 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 0 86 theme Enrichment 45:54 arg1 Techniques 56:65 N-Linked Glycopeptide Enrichment Techniques 23:65 N-Linked Glycopeptide Enrichment Techniques 23:65 Parallel Comparison of N-Linked Glycopeptide Enrichment Techniques Reveals Extensive Glycoproteomic Analysis of Plasma Enabled by SAX-ERLIC. 28199111 8 87 theme plasma 1557:1562 arg1 improvement 1593:1603 a significant improvement 1579:1603 a significant improvement from the initial method comparison 1579:1638 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 8 87 theme plasma 1557:1562 arg1 analysis 1698:1705 the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis 1651:1705 the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis 1651:1705 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 8 87 theme plasma 1557:1562 arg1 glycoproteins 1564:1576 95 plasma glycoproteins 1554:1576 95 plasma glycoproteins 1554:1576 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 8 87 theme plasma 1557:1562 arg1 one 1644:1646 one 1644:1646 one 1644:1646 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 4 88 from analysis 615:622 arg1 spectrometer 654:665 an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer 627:665 an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer 627:665 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 7 89 theme SAX-ERLIC 1260:1268 arg1 enrichments 1270:1280 SAX-ERLIC enrichments 1260:1280 SAX-ERLIC enrichments 1260:1280 SAX-ERLIC enrichments were additionally analyzed by an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer to maximize glycopeptide identifications for a more comprehensive assessment of protein glycosylation. 28199111 7 90 theme protein 1435:1441 arg1 glycosylation 1443:1455 protein glycosylation 1435:1455 protein glycosylation 1435:1455 SAX-ERLIC enrichments were additionally analyzed by an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer to maximize glycopeptide identifications for a more comprehensive assessment of protein glycosylation. 28199111 2 91 theme suppression 374:384 arg1 issues 386:391 ion suppression issues 370:391 ion suppression issues 370:391 Characterizing protein glycosylation remains analytically challenging due to its low abundance, ion suppression issues, and microheterogeneity at glycosylation sites, especially in complex samples such as human plasma. 28199111 6 92 theme glycan 1246:1251 arg1 types 1253:1257 specific glycan types 1237:1257 specific glycan types 1237:1257 The greatest glycoform diversity was observed in SAX-ERLIC enrichment, with no apparent bias toward specific glycan types. 28199111 4 93 theme mass 649:652 arg1 spectrometer 654:665 an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer 627:665 an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer 627:665 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 8 94 theme significant 1581:1591 arg1 improvement 1593:1603 a significant improvement 1579:1603 a significant improvement from the initial method comparison 1579:1638 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 8 94 theme significant 1581:1591 arg1 glycoproteins 1564:1576 95 plasma glycoproteins 1554:1576 95 plasma glycoproteins 1554:1576 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 8 95 gly glycoproteins 1564:1576 arg1 improvement 1593:1603 a significant improvement 1579:1603 a significant improvement from the initial method comparison 1579:1638 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 8 95 gly glycoproteins 1564:1576 arg1 analysis 1698:1705 the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis 1651:1705 the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis 1651:1705 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 8 95 gly glycoproteins 1564:1576 arg1 glycoproteins 1564:1576 95 plasma glycoproteins 1554:1576 95 plasma glycoproteins 1554:1576 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 8 95 gly glycoproteins 1564:1576 arg1 one 1644:1646 one 1644:1646 one 1644:1646 In these experiments, 829 unique glycoforms were identified across 208 glycosylation sites from 95 plasma glycoproteins, a significant improvement from the initial method comparison and one of the most extensive site-specific glycosylation analysis in immunodepleted human plasma to date. 28199111 5 96 theme enrichment 1114:1123 arg1 techniques 1125:1134 other enrichment techniques 1108:1134 other enrichment techniques 1108:1134 SAX-ERLIC enrichment yielded 191 unique glycoforms across 72 glycosylation sites from 48 glycoproteins, which is more than double that detected using other enrichment techniques. 28199111 4 97 link N-linked 829:836 arg1 enrichment 851:860 the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 810:860 the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 810:860 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 4 98 theme affinity 893:900 arg1 M-LAC 918:922 M-LAC 918:922 M-LAC 918:922 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 4 98 theme affinity 893:900 arg1 chromatography 902:915 multilectin affinity chromatography 881:915 multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) 881:923 By analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-ERLIC) provided the most extensive N-linked glycopeptide enrichment when compared with multilectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) and Sepharose-HILIC enrichments. 28199111 3 99 theme enrichment 558:567 arg1 techniques 569:578 three common N-linked glycopeptide enrichment techniques 523:578 three common N-linked glycopeptide enrichment techniques 523:578 In this study, the utility of three common N-linked glycopeptide enrichment techniques is compared using human plasma. 25319893 3 0 theme N-linked 311:318 arg1 glycosylation 320:332 N-linked glycosylation 311:332 N-linked glycosylation 311:332 HBP provides substrate for N-linked glycosylation, which occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. 25319893 8 1 gly glycosylation 1176:1188 arg1 RTKs 1193:1196 RTKs 1193:1196 RTKs 1193:1196 In this chapter, we describe in detail how to perform pull-down experiments with commercially available lectins to identify changes in the glycosylation of RTKs. 25319893 7 2 theme biology 884:890 arg1 purposes 862:869 the purposes 858:869 the purposes of molecular biology 858:890 For the purposes of molecular biology, plant lectins can be conjugated to different moieties, such as agarose beads, which enable precipitation of specifically glycosylated proteins. 25319893 8 3 from changes 1161:1167 arg1 glycosylation 1176:1188 the glycosylation 1172:1188 the glycosylation of RTKs 1172:1196 In this chapter, we describe in detail how to perform pull-down experiments with commercially available lectins to identify changes in the glycosylation of RTKs. 25319893 0 4 gly glycosylation 18:30 arg1 kinases 53:59 receptor tyrosine kinases 35:59 receptor tyrosine kinases 35:59 Studying N-linked glycosylation of receptor tyrosine kinases. 25319893 1 5 theme Metabolic 62:70 arg1 event 119:123 a frequent event 108:123 a frequent event in cancer 108:133 Metabolic alterations have been identified as a frequent event in cancer. 25319893 1 5 theme Metabolic 62:70 arg1 alterations 72:82 Metabolic alterations 62:82 Metabolic alterations 62:82 Metabolic alterations have been identified as a frequent event in cancer. 25319893 7 6 theme different 928:936 arg1 beads 964:968 agarose beads 956:968 agarose beads 956:968 For the purposes of molecular biology, plant lectins can be conjugated to different moieties, such as agarose beads, which enable precipitation of specifically glycosylated proteins. 25319893 7 6 theme different 928:936 arg1 moieties 938:945 different moieties 928:945 different moieties 928:945 For the purposes of molecular biology, plant lectins can be conjugated to different moieties, such as agarose beads, which enable precipitation of specifically glycosylated proteins. 25319893 0 7 link N-linked 9:16 arg1 glycosylation 18:30 N-linked glycosylation 9:30 N-linked glycosylation of receptor tyrosine kinases 9:59 Studying N-linked glycosylation of receptor tyrosine kinases. 25319893 4 8 theme proteins 473:480 arg1 folding 442:448 protein folding 434:448 protein folding 434:448 N-linked glycosylation supports protein folding and correct sorting of proteins to plasma membrane and secretion. 25319893 4 8 theme proteins 473:480 arg1 sorting 462:468 correct sorting 454:468 correct sorting of proteins to plasma membrane and secretion 454:513 N-linked glycosylation supports protein folding and correct sorting of proteins to plasma membrane and secretion. 25319893 5 9 theme tyrosine 631:638 arg1 RTK 649:651 RTK 649:651 RTK 649:651 This process generates complex glycoforms, which can be recognized by other proteins and glycosylation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) can also regulate their plasma-membrane retention time. 25319893 5 9 theme tyrosine 631:638 arg1 kinases 640:646 receptor tyrosine kinases 622:646 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) 622:652 This process generates complex glycoforms, which can be recognized by other proteins and glycosylation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) can also regulate their plasma-membrane retention time. 25319893 5 10 theme receptor 622:629 arg1 RTK 649:651 RTK 649:651 RTK 649:651 This process generates complex glycoforms, which can be recognized by other proteins and glycosylation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) can also regulate their plasma-membrane retention time. 25319893 5 10 theme receptor 622:629 arg1 kinases 640:646 receptor tyrosine kinases 622:646 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) 622:652 This process generates complex glycoforms, which can be recognized by other proteins and glycosylation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) can also regulate their plasma-membrane retention time. 25319893 6 11 theme special 713:719 arg1 interest 721:728 special interest 713:728 special interest for experimental biologists 713:756 Of special interest for experimental biologists, plants produce proteins, termed lectins, which bind with high specificity to glyco-conjugates. 25319893 5 12 theme kinases 640:646 arg1 glycosylation 605:617 glycosylation 605:617 glycosylation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) 605:652 This process generates complex glycoforms, which can be recognized by other proteins and glycosylation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) can also regulate their plasma-membrane retention time. 25319893 0 13 theme N-linked 9:16 arg1 glycosylation 18:30 N-linked glycosylation 9:30 N-linked glycosylation of receptor tyrosine kinases 9:59 Studying N-linked glycosylation of receptor tyrosine kinases. 25319893 4 14 theme plasma 485:490 arg1 membrane 492:499 plasma membrane 485:499 plasma membrane 485:499 N-linked glycosylation supports protein folding and correct sorting of proteins to plasma membrane and secretion. 25319893 4 15 theme N-linked 402:409 arg1 glycosylation 411:423 N-linked glycosylation 402:423 N-linked glycosylation 402:423 N-linked glycosylation supports protein folding and correct sorting of proteins to plasma membrane and secretion. 25319893 8 16 with experiments 1101:1111 arg1 lectins 1141:1147 commercially available lectins 1118:1147 commercially available lectins 1118:1147 In this chapter, we describe in detail how to perform pull-down experiments with commercially available lectins to identify changes in the glycosylation of RTKs. 25319893 8 17 theme RTKs 1193:1196 arg1 glycosylation 1176:1188 the glycosylation 1172:1188 the glycosylation of RTKs 1172:1196 In this chapter, we describe in detail how to perform pull-down experiments with commercially available lectins to identify changes in the glycosylation of RTKs. 25319893 1 18 from event 119:123 arg1 cancer 128:133 cancer 128:133 cancer 128:133 Metabolic alterations have been identified as a frequent event in cancer. 25319893 3 19 link N-linked 311:318 arg1 glycosylation 320:332 N-linked glycosylation 311:332 N-linked glycosylation 311:332 HBP provides substrate for N-linked glycosylation, which occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. 25319893 3 20 theme endoplasmic 355:365 arg1 reticulum 367:375 the endoplasmic reticulum 351:375 the endoplasmic reticulum 351:375 HBP provides substrate for N-linked glycosylation, which occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. 25319893 5 21 theme other 586:590 arg1 proteins 592:599 other proteins 586:599 other proteins 586:599 This process generates complex glycoforms, which can be recognized by other proteins and glycosylation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) can also regulate their plasma-membrane retention time. 25319893 7 22 theme agarose 956:962 arg1 beads 964:968 agarose beads 956:968 agarose beads 956:968 For the purposes of molecular biology, plant lectins can be conjugated to different moieties, such as agarose beads, which enable precipitation of specifically glycosylated proteins. 25319893 4 23 theme correct 454:460 arg1 sorting 462:468 correct sorting 454:468 correct sorting of proteins to plasma membrane and secretion 454:513 N-linked glycosylation supports protein folding and correct sorting of proteins to plasma membrane and secretion. 25319893 1 24 theme frequent 110:117 arg1 event 119:123 a frequent event 108:123 a frequent event in cancer 108:133 Metabolic alterations have been identified as a frequent event in cancer. 25319893 1 24 theme frequent 110:117 arg1 alterations 72:82 Metabolic alterations 62:82 Metabolic alterations 62:82 Metabolic alterations have been identified as a frequent event in cancer. 25319893 0 25 theme tyrosine 44:51 arg1 kinases 53:59 receptor tyrosine kinases 35:59 receptor tyrosine kinases 35:59 Studying N-linked glycosylation of receptor tyrosine kinases. 25319893 7 26 theme molecular 874:882 arg1 biology 884:890 molecular biology 874:890 molecular biology 874:890 For the purposes of molecular biology, plant lectins can be conjugated to different moieties, such as agarose beads, which enable precipitation of specifically glycosylated proteins. 25319893 8 27 theme pull-down 1091:1099 arg1 experiments 1101:1111 pull-down experiments 1091:1111 pull-down experiments with commercially available lectins 1091:1147 In this chapter, we describe in detail how to perform pull-down experiments with commercially available lectins to identify changes in the glycosylation of RTKs. 25319893 0 28 theme receptor 35:42 arg1 kinases 53:59 receptor tyrosine kinases 35:59 receptor tyrosine kinases 35:59 Studying N-linked glycosylation of receptor tyrosine kinases. 25319893 2 29 theme increased 166:174 arg1 flux 176:179 increased flux 166:179 increased flux through glycolysis, and also a secondary pathway to glycolysis, hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) 166:281 This is often associated with increased flux through glycolysis, and also a secondary pathway to glycolysis, hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25319893 7 30 theme proteins 1027:1034 arg1 precipitation 984:996 precipitation 984:996 precipitation of specifically glycosylated proteins 984:1034 For the purposes of molecular biology, plant lectins can be conjugated to different moieties, such as agarose beads, which enable precipitation of specifically glycosylated proteins. 25319893 3 31 theme Golgi 385:389 arg1 apparatus 391:399 the Golgi apparatus 381:399 the Golgi apparatus 381:399 HBP provides substrate for N-linked glycosylation, which occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. 25319893 2 32 theme secondary 212:220 arg1 pathway 222:228 a secondary pathway 210:228 a secondary pathway to glycolysis 210:242 This is often associated with increased flux through glycolysis, and also a secondary pathway to glycolysis, hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25319893 2 32 theme secondary 212:220 arg1 pathway 269:275 hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 245:275 hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) 245:281 This is often associated with increased flux through glycolysis, and also a secondary pathway to glycolysis, hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25319893 8 33 theme available 1131:1139 arg1 lectins 1141:1147 commercially available lectins 1118:1147 commercially available lectins 1118:1147 In this chapter, we describe in detail how to perform pull-down experiments with commercially available lectins to identify changes in the glycosylation of RTKs. 25319893 0 34 theme kinases 53:59 arg1 glycosylation 18:30 N-linked glycosylation 9:30 N-linked glycosylation of receptor tyrosine kinases 9:59 Studying N-linked glycosylation of receptor tyrosine kinases. 25319893 7 35 gly glycosylated 1014:1025 arg1 proteins 1027:1034 specifically glycosylated proteins 1001:1034 specifically glycosylated proteins 1001:1034 For the purposes of molecular biology, plant lectins can be conjugated to different moieties, such as agarose beads, which enable precipitation of specifically glycosylated proteins. 25319893 5 36 theme plasma-membrane 678:692 arg1 time 704:707 their plasma-membrane retention time 672:707 their plasma-membrane retention time 672:707 This process generates complex glycoforms, which can be recognized by other proteins and glycosylation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) can also regulate their plasma-membrane retention time. 25319893 4 37 link N-linked 402:409 arg1 glycosylation 411:423 N-linked glycosylation 402:423 N-linked glycosylation 402:423 N-linked glycosylation supports protein folding and correct sorting of proteins to plasma membrane and secretion. 25319893 5 38 theme retention 694:702 arg1 time 704:707 their plasma-membrane retention time 672:707 their plasma-membrane retention time 672:707 This process generates complex glycoforms, which can be recognized by other proteins and glycosylation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) can also regulate their plasma-membrane retention time. 25319893 2 39 theme biosynthetic 256:267 arg1 HBP 278:280 HBP 278:280 HBP 278:280 This is often associated with increased flux through glycolysis, and also a secondary pathway to glycolysis, hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25319893 2 39 theme biosynthetic 256:267 arg1 pathway 222:228 a secondary pathway 210:228 a secondary pathway to glycolysis 210:242 This is often associated with increased flux through glycolysis, and also a secondary pathway to glycolysis, hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25319893 2 39 theme biosynthetic 256:267 arg1 pathway 269:275 hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 245:275 hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) 245:281 This is often associated with increased flux through glycolysis, and also a secondary pathway to glycolysis, hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25319893 6 40 theme high 816:819 arg1 specificity 821:831 high specificity 816:831 high specificity to glyco-conjugates 816:851 Of special interest for experimental biologists, plants produce proteins, termed lectins, which bind with high specificity to glyco-conjugates. 25319893 6 41 theme experimental 734:745 arg1 biologists 747:756 experimental biologists 734:756 experimental biologists 734:756 Of special interest for experimental biologists, plants produce proteins, termed lectins, which bind with high specificity to glyco-conjugates. 25319893 5 42 gly glycosylation 605:617 arg1 RTK 649:651 RTK 649:651 RTK 649:651 This process generates complex glycoforms, which can be recognized by other proteins and glycosylation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) can also regulate their plasma-membrane retention time. 25319893 5 42 gly glycosylation 605:617 arg1 kinases 640:646 receptor tyrosine kinases 622:646 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) 622:652 This process generates complex glycoforms, which can be recognized by other proteins and glycosylation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) can also regulate their plasma-membrane retention time. 25319893 7 43 theme glycosylated 1014:1025 arg1 proteins 1027:1034 specifically glycosylated proteins 1001:1034 specifically glycosylated proteins 1001:1034 For the purposes of molecular biology, plant lectins can be conjugated to different moieties, such as agarose beads, which enable precipitation of specifically glycosylated proteins. 25319893 2 44 theme hexosamine 245:254 arg1 HBP 278:280 HBP 278:280 HBP 278:280 This is often associated with increased flux through glycolysis, and also a secondary pathway to glycolysis, hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25319893 2 44 theme hexosamine 245:254 arg1 pathway 222:228 a secondary pathway 210:228 a secondary pathway to glycolysis 210:242 This is often associated with increased flux through glycolysis, and also a secondary pathway to glycolysis, hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25319893 2 44 theme hexosamine 245:254 arg1 pathway 269:275 hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 245:275 hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) 245:281 This is often associated with increased flux through glycolysis, and also a secondary pathway to glycolysis, hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25319893 4 45 theme protein 434:440 arg1 folding 442:448 protein folding 434:448 protein folding 434:448 N-linked glycosylation supports protein folding and correct sorting of proteins to plasma membrane and secretion. 25319893 5 46 theme complex 539:545 arg1 glycoforms 547:556 complex glycoforms 539:556 complex glycoforms 539:556 This process generates complex glycoforms, which can be recognized by other proteins and glycosylation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) can also regulate their plasma-membrane retention time. 25319893 7 47 theme plant 893:897 arg1 lectins 899:905 plant lectins 893:905 plant lectins 893:905 For the purposes of molecular biology, plant lectins can be conjugated to different moieties, such as agarose beads, which enable precipitation of specifically glycosylated proteins. 28922739 5 0 mod modified 701:708 arg3 O-GlcNAc 713:720 O-GlcNAc 713:720 O-GlcNAc 713:720 Maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency requires tight regulation of several key transcription factors, many of which are modified by O-GlcNAc. 28922739 5 0 mod modified 701:708 arg1 many 683:686 many 683:686 many 683:686 Maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency requires tight regulation of several key transcription factors, many of which are modified by O-GlcNAc. 28922739 5 0 mod modified 701:708 arg1 factors 674:680 several key transcription factors 648:680 several key transcription factors 648:680 Maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency requires tight regulation of several key transcription factors, many of which are modified by O-GlcNAc. 28922739 5 1 theme embryonic 581:589 arg1 pluripotency 606:617 embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency 581:617 embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency 581:617 Maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency requires tight regulation of several key transcription factors, many of which are modified by O-GlcNAc. 28922739 1 2 theme different 158:166 arg1 classes 168:174 many different classes 153:174 many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 153:210 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 28922739 6 3 theme cells 902:906 arg1 pluripotency 809:820 pluripotency 809:820 pluripotency of ES cells 809:832 Octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct4) is one of the key transcription factors required for pluripotency of ES cells and more recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. 28922739 6 3 theme cells 902:906 arg1 generation 857:866 the generation 853:866 the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 853:906 Octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct4) is one of the key transcription factors required for pluripotency of ES cells and more recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. 28922739 10 4 located found 1370:1374 arg2 that 1365:1368 that 1365:1368 that 1365:1368 We mapped 10 novel sites of O-GlcNAc attachment on human Oct4, and confirmed a role for OGT in transcriptional activation of Oct4 at a site distinct from that found in mouse that allows distinction between different Oct4 target promoters. 28922739 10 4 located found 1370:1374 arg1 mouse 1379:1383 mouse 1379:1383 mouse that allows distinction between different Oct4 target promoters 1379:1447 We mapped 10 novel sites of O-GlcNAc attachment on human Oct4, and confirmed a role for OGT in transcriptional activation of Oct4 at a site distinct from that found in mouse that allows distinction between different Oct4 target promoters. 28922739 8 5 theme addition 1079:1086 arg1 site 1062:1065 a single site 1053:1065 a single site of O-GlcNAc addition responsible for transcriptional regulation 1053:1129 Previous studies in mice found a single site of O-GlcNAc addition responsible for transcriptional regulation. 28922739 8 5 theme addition 1079:1086 arg1 addition 1079:1086 O-GlcNAc addition 1070:1086 O-GlcNAc addition 1070:1086 Previous studies in mice found a single site of O-GlcNAc addition responsible for transcriptional regulation. 28922739 1 6 located found 144:148 arg2 β-N-acetylglucosamine 80:100 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 71:100 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 71:111 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 28922739 1 6 located found 144:148 arg2 modification 131:142 a single sugar modification 116:142 a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 116:210 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 28922739 1 6 located found 144:148 arg1 classes 168:174 many different classes 153:174 many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 153:210 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 28922739 10 7 theme target 1432:1437 arg1 promoters 1439:1447 different Oct4 target promoters 1417:1447 different Oct4 target promoters 1417:1447 We mapped 10 novel sites of O-GlcNAc attachment on human Oct4, and confirmed a role for OGT in transcriptional activation of Oct4 at a site distinct from that found in mouse that allows distinction between different Oct4 target promoters. 28922739 10 8 theme different 1417:1425 arg1 promoters 1439:1447 different Oct4 target promoters 1417:1447 different Oct4 target promoters 1417:1447 We mapped 10 novel sites of O-GlcNAc attachment on human Oct4, and confirmed a role for OGT in transcriptional activation of Oct4 at a site distinct from that found in mouse that allows distinction between different Oct4 target promoters. 28922739 6 9 theme induced 871:877 arg1 cells 902:906 induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 871:906 induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 871:906 Octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct4) is one of the key transcription factors required for pluripotency of ES cells and more recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. 28922739 3 10 theme proteins 351:358 arg1 class 342:346 One major class 332:346 One major class of proteins modified by O-GlcNAc 332:379 One major class of proteins modified by O-GlcNAc is transcription factors. 28922739 4 11 theme transcriptional 538:552 arg1 activation 554:563 transcriptional activation 538:563 transcriptional activation 538:563 O-GlcNAc regulates transcription factor properties through a variety of different mechanisms including localization, stability and transcriptional activation. 28922739 10 12 theme Oct4 1427:1430 arg1 promoters 1439:1447 different Oct4 target promoters 1417:1447 different Oct4 target promoters 1417:1447 We mapped 10 novel sites of O-GlcNAc attachment on human Oct4, and confirmed a role for OGT in transcriptional activation of Oct4 at a site distinct from that found in mouse that allows distinction between different Oct4 target promoters. 28922739 6 13 theme cells 828:832 arg1 pluripotency 809:820 pluripotency 809:820 pluripotency of ES cells 809:832 Octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct4) is one of the key transcription factors required for pluripotency of ES cells and more recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. 28922739 6 13 theme cells 828:832 arg1 generation 857:866 the generation 853:866 the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 853:906 Octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct4) is one of the key transcription factors required for pluripotency of ES cells and more recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. 28922739 7 14 theme modifications 987:999 arg1 addition 948:955 the addition 944:955 the addition of several post-translational modifications, including O-GlcNAc 944:1019 The action of Oct4 is modulated by the addition of several post-translational modifications, including O-GlcNAc. 28922739 6 15 theme factors 788:794 arg1 one 759:761 one 759:761 one 759:761 Octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct4) is one of the key transcription factors required for pluripotency of ES cells and more recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. 28922739 6 15 theme factors 788:794 arg1 factors 788:794 the key transcription factors 766:794 the key transcription factors required for pluripotency of ES cells and more recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 766:906 Octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct4) is one of the key transcription factors required for pluripotency of ES cells and more recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. 28922739 10 16 theme Oct4 1336:1339 arg1 activation 1322:1331 transcriptional activation 1306:1331 transcriptional activation of Oct4 1306:1339 We mapped 10 novel sites of O-GlcNAc attachment on human Oct4, and confirmed a role for OGT in transcriptional activation of Oct4 at a site distinct from that found in mouse that allows distinction between different Oct4 target promoters. 28922739 5 17 theme several 648:654 arg1 factors 674:680 several key transcription factors 648:680 several key transcription factors 648:680 Maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency requires tight regulation of several key transcription factors, many of which are modified by O-GlcNAc. 28922739 1 18 theme O-linked 71:78 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 80:100 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 71:100 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 71:111 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 28922739 1 18 theme O-linked 71:78 arg1 modification 131:142 a single sugar modification 116:142 a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 116:210 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 28922739 1 18 theme O-linked 71:78 arg1 O-GlcNAc 103:110 O-GlcNAc 103:110 O-GlcNAc 103:110 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 28922739 2 19 link O-linked 258:265 arg1 OGT 300:302 OGT 300:302 OGT 300:302 Addition of this modification, by the enzyme O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), is dynamic and inducible. 28922739 2 19 link O-linked 258:265 arg1 transferase 287:297 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 258:297 the enzyme O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 247:303 Addition of this modification, by the enzyme O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), is dynamic and inducible. 28922739 4 20 theme mechanisms 489:498 arg1 localization 510:521 localization 510:521 localization 510:521 O-GlcNAc regulates transcription factor properties through a variety of different mechanisms including localization, stability and transcriptional activation. 28922739 4 20 theme mechanisms 489:498 arg1 variety 468:474 a variety 466:474 a variety of different mechanisms including localization, stability and transcriptional activation 466:563 O-GlcNAc regulates transcription factor properties through a variety of different mechanisms including localization, stability and transcriptional activation. 28922739 4 20 theme mechanisms 489:498 arg1 mechanisms 489:498 different mechanisms 479:498 different mechanisms 479:498 O-GlcNAc regulates transcription factor properties through a variety of different mechanisms including localization, stability and transcriptional activation. 28922739 4 20 theme mechanisms 489:498 arg1 stability 524:532 stability 524:532 stability 524:532 O-GlcNAc regulates transcription factor properties through a variety of different mechanisms including localization, stability and transcriptional activation. 28922739 4 20 theme mechanisms 489:498 arg1 activation 554:563 transcriptional activation 538:563 transcriptional activation 538:563 O-GlcNAc regulates transcription factor properties through a variety of different mechanisms including localization, stability and transcriptional activation. 28922739 5 21 theme transcription 660:672 arg1 factors 674:680 several key transcription factors 648:680 several key transcription factors 648:680 Maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency requires tight regulation of several key transcription factors, many of which are modified by O-GlcNAc. 28922739 5 22 theme key 656:658 arg1 factors 674:680 several key transcription factors 648:680 several key transcription factors 648:680 Maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency requires tight regulation of several key transcription factors, many of which are modified by O-GlcNAc. 28922739 2 23 dep enzyme 251:256 arg1 OGT 300:302 OGT 300:302 OGT 300:302 Addition of this modification, by the enzyme O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), is dynamic and inducible. 28922739 2 23 dep enzyme 251:256 arg1 transferase 287:297 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 258:297 the enzyme O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 247:303 Addition of this modification, by the enzyme O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), is dynamic and inducible. 28922739 1 24 link O-linked 71:78 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 80:100 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 71:100 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 71:111 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 28922739 1 24 link O-linked 71:78 arg1 modification 131:142 a single sugar modification 116:142 a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 116:210 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 28922739 1 24 link O-linked 71:78 arg1 O-GlcNAc 103:110 O-GlcNAc 103:110 O-GlcNAc 103:110 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 28922739 6 25 theme iPS 897:899 arg1 cells 902:906 induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 871:906 induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 871:906 Octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct4) is one of the key transcription factors required for pluripotency of ES cells and more recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. 28922739 5 26 theme factors 674:680 arg1 many 683:686 many 683:686 many 683:686 Maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency requires tight regulation of several key transcription factors, many of which are modified by O-GlcNAc. 28922739 5 26 theme factors 674:680 arg1 factors 674:680 several key transcription factors 648:680 several key transcription factors 648:680 Maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency requires tight regulation of several key transcription factors, many of which are modified by O-GlcNAc. 28922739 5 26 theme factors 674:680 arg1 regulation 634:643 tight regulation 628:643 tight regulation of several key transcription factors, many of which are modified by O-GlcNAc 628:720 Maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency requires tight regulation of several key transcription factors, many of which are modified by O-GlcNAc. 28922739 5 27 theme cell 601:604 arg1 pluripotency 606:617 embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency 581:617 embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency 581:617 Maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency requires tight regulation of several key transcription factors, many of which are modified by O-GlcNAc. 28922739 0 28 theme O-GlcNAc 0:7 arg1 transferase 9:19 O-GlcNAc transferase 0:19 O-GlcNAc transferase 0:19 O-GlcNAc transferase regulates transcriptional activity of human Oct4. 28922739 1 29 theme nuclear 179:185 arg1 proteins 203:210 nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 179:210 nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 179:210 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 28922739 8 30 theme O-GlcNAc 1070:1077 arg1 addition 1079:1086 O-GlcNAc addition 1070:1086 O-GlcNAc addition 1070:1086 Previous studies in mice found a single site of O-GlcNAc addition responsible for transcriptional regulation. 28922739 5 31 theme pluripotency 606:617 arg1 Maintenance 566:576 Maintenance 566:576 Maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency 566:617 Maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency requires tight regulation of several key transcription factors, many of which are modified by O-GlcNAc. 28922739 3 32 theme transcription 384:396 arg1 factors 398:404 transcription factors 384:404 transcription factors 384:404 One major class of proteins modified by O-GlcNAc is transcription factors. 28922739 10 33 from role 1290:1293 arg1 activation 1322:1331 transcriptional activation 1306:1331 transcriptional activation of Oct4 1306:1339 We mapped 10 novel sites of O-GlcNAc attachment on human Oct4, and confirmed a role for OGT in transcriptional activation of Oct4 at a site distinct from that found in mouse that allows distinction between different Oct4 target promoters. 28922739 7 34 theme Oct4 923:926 arg1 action 913:918 The action 909:918 The action of Oct4 909:926 The action of Oct4 is modulated by the addition of several post-translational modifications, including O-GlcNAc. 28922739 12 35 from Oct4 1668:1671 arg1 mechanism 1630:1638 a mechanism 1628:1638 a mechanism that is distinct from mouse Oct4 1628:1671 These results confirm that human Oct4 activity is being regulated by OGT by a mechanism that is distinct from mouse Oct4. 28922739 12 35 from Oct4 1668:1671 arg1 distinct 1648:1655 distinct 1648:1655 distinct 1648:1655 These results confirm that human Oct4 activity is being regulated by OGT by a mechanism that is distinct from mouse Oct4. 28922739 6 36 theme Octamer-binding 723:737 arg1 protein 739:745 Octamer-binding protein 4 723:747 Octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct4) 723:754 Octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct4) is one of the key transcription factors required for pluripotency of ES cells and more recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. 28922739 6 36 theme Octamer-binding 723:737 arg1 Oct4 750:753 Oct4 750:753 Oct4 750:753 Octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct4) is one of the key transcription factors required for pluripotency of ES cells and more recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. 28922739 1 37 theme cytoplasmic 191:201 arg1 proteins 203:210 nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 179:210 nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 179:210 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 28922739 0 38 theme transcriptional 31:45 arg1 activity 47:54 transcriptional activity 31:54 transcriptional activity of human Oct4 31:68 O-GlcNAc transferase regulates transcriptional activity of human Oct4. 28922739 11 39 theme catalytic 1532:1540 arg1 function 1542:1549 its catalytic function 1528:1549 its catalytic function 1528:1549 Additionally, we uncovered a potential new role for OGT that does not include its catalytic function. 28922739 8 40 theme responsible 1088:1098 arg1 site 1062:1065 a single site 1053:1065 a single site of O-GlcNAc addition responsible for transcriptional regulation 1053:1129 Previous studies in mice found a single site of O-GlcNAc addition responsible for transcriptional regulation. 28922739 8 40 theme responsible 1088:1098 arg1 addition 1079:1086 O-GlcNAc addition 1070:1086 O-GlcNAc addition 1070:1086 Previous studies in mice found a single site of O-GlcNAc addition responsible for transcriptional regulation. 28922739 5 41 theme tight 628:632 arg1 regulation 634:643 tight regulation 628:643 tight regulation of several key transcription factors, many of which are modified by O-GlcNAc 628:720 Maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency requires tight regulation of several key transcription factors, many of which are modified by O-GlcNAc. 28922739 1 42 theme proteins 203:210 arg1 classes 168:174 many different classes 153:174 many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 153:210 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 28922739 6 43 theme key 770:772 arg1 factors 788:794 the key transcription factors 766:794 the key transcription factors required for pluripotency of ES cells and more recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 766:906 Octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct4) is one of the key transcription factors required for pluripotency of ES cells and more recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. 28922739 6 44 theme stem 891:894 arg1 cells 902:906 induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 871:906 induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 871:906 Octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct4) is one of the key transcription factors required for pluripotency of ES cells and more recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. 28922739 10 45 theme transcriptional 1306:1320 arg1 activation 1322:1331 transcriptional activation 1306:1331 transcriptional activation of Oct4 1306:1339 We mapped 10 novel sites of O-GlcNAc attachment on human Oct4, and confirmed a role for OGT in transcriptional activation of Oct4 at a site distinct from that found in mouse that allows distinction between different Oct4 target promoters. 28922739 10 46 from that 1365:1368 arg1 distinct 1351:1358 distinct 1351:1358 distinct 1351:1358 We mapped 10 novel sites of O-GlcNAc attachment on human Oct4, and confirmed a role for OGT in transcriptional activation of Oct4 at a site distinct from that found in mouse that allows distinction between different Oct4 target promoters. 28922739 8 47 theme transcriptional 1104:1118 arg1 regulation 1120:1129 transcriptional regulation 1104:1129 transcriptional regulation 1104:1129 Previous studies in mice found a single site of O-GlcNAc addition responsible for transcriptional regulation. 28922739 6 48 theme pluripotent 879:889 arg1 cells 902:906 induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 871:906 induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 871:906 Octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct4) is one of the key transcription factors required for pluripotency of ES cells and more recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. 28922739 11 49 theme potential 1479:1487 arg1 role 1493:1496 a potential new role 1477:1496 a potential new role for OGT that does not include its catalytic function 1477:1549 Additionally, we uncovered a potential new role for OGT that does not include its catalytic function. 28922739 4 50 theme different 479:487 arg1 mechanisms 489:498 different mechanisms 479:498 different mechanisms 479:498 O-GlcNAc regulates transcription factor properties through a variety of different mechanisms including localization, stability and transcriptional activation. 28922739 5 51 theme stem 591:594 arg1 pluripotency 606:617 embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency 581:617 embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency 581:617 Maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency requires tight regulation of several key transcription factors, many of which are modified by O-GlcNAc. 28922739 0 52 theme Oct4 65:68 arg1 activity 47:54 transcriptional activity 31:54 transcriptional activity of human Oct4 31:68 O-GlcNAc transferase regulates transcriptional activity of human Oct4. 28922739 12 53 theme Oct4 1585:1588 arg1 activity 1590:1597 human Oct4 activity 1579:1597 human Oct4 activity 1579:1597 These results confirm that human Oct4 activity is being regulated by OGT by a mechanism that is distinct from mouse Oct4. 28922739 2 54 theme modification 230:241 arg1 Addition 213:220 Addition 213:220 Addition 213:220 Addition of this modification, by the enzyme O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), is dynamic and inducible. 28922739 6 55 theme transcription 774:786 arg1 factors 788:794 the key transcription factors 766:794 the key transcription factors required for pluripotency of ES cells and more recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 766:906 Octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct4) is one of the key transcription factors required for pluripotency of ES cells and more recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. 28922739 1 56 theme single 118:123 arg1 modification 131:142 a single sugar modification 116:142 a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 116:210 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 28922739 1 56 theme single 118:123 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 80:100 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 71:100 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 71:111 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 28922739 0 57 theme human 59:63 arg1 Oct4 65:68 human Oct4 59:68 human Oct4 59:68 O-GlcNAc transferase regulates transcriptional activity of human Oct4. 28922739 12 58 theme human 1579:1583 arg1 activity 1590:1597 human Oct4 activity 1579:1597 human Oct4 activity 1579:1597 These results confirm that human Oct4 activity is being regulated by OGT by a mechanism that is distinct from mouse Oct4. 28922739 4 59 theme factor 440:445 arg1 properties 447:456 transcription factor properties 426:456 transcription factor properties 426:456 O-GlcNAc regulates transcription factor properties through a variety of different mechanisms including localization, stability and transcriptional activation. 28922739 8 60 theme single 1055:1060 arg1 site 1062:1065 a single site 1053:1065 a single site of O-GlcNAc addition responsible for transcriptional regulation 1053:1129 Previous studies in mice found a single site of O-GlcNAc addition responsible for transcriptional regulation. 28922739 8 60 theme single 1055:1060 arg1 addition 1079:1086 O-GlcNAc addition 1070:1086 O-GlcNAc addition 1070:1086 Previous studies in mice found a single site of O-GlcNAc addition responsible for transcriptional regulation. 28922739 5 61 theme ES 597:598 arg1 pluripotency 606:617 embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency 581:617 embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency 581:617 Maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency requires tight regulation of several key transcription factors, many of which are modified by O-GlcNAc. 28922739 1 62 theme sugar 125:129 arg1 modification 131:142 a single sugar modification 116:142 a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 116:210 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 28922739 1 62 theme sugar 125:129 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 80:100 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 71:100 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 71:111 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 28922739 10 63 theme attachment 1248:1257 arg1 sites 1230:1234 10 novel sites 1221:1234 10 novel sites of O-GlcNAc attachment on human Oct4 1221:1271 We mapped 10 novel sites of O-GlcNAc attachment on human Oct4, and confirmed a role for OGT in transcriptional activation of Oct4 at a site distinct from that found in mouse that allows distinction between different Oct4 target promoters. 28922739 10 63 theme attachment 1248:1257 arg1 attachment 1248:1257 O-GlcNAc attachment 1239:1257 O-GlcNAc attachment 1239:1257 We mapped 10 novel sites of O-GlcNAc attachment on human Oct4, and confirmed a role for OGT in transcriptional activation of Oct4 at a site distinct from that found in mouse that allows distinction between different Oct4 target promoters. 28922739 8 64 theme Previous 1022:1029 arg1 studies 1031:1037 Previous studies 1022:1037 Previous studies in mice 1022:1045 Previous studies in mice found a single site of O-GlcNAc addition responsible for transcriptional regulation. 28922739 4 65 theme transcription 426:438 arg1 properties 447:456 transcription factor properties 426:456 transcription factor properties 426:456 O-GlcNAc regulates transcription factor properties through a variety of different mechanisms including localization, stability and transcriptional activation. 28922739 2 66 theme N-acetylglucosamine 267:285 arg1 OGT 300:302 OGT 300:302 OGT 300:302 Addition of this modification, by the enzyme O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), is dynamic and inducible. 28922739 2 66 theme N-acetylglucosamine 267:285 arg1 transferase 287:297 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 258:297 the enzyme O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 247:303 Addition of this modification, by the enzyme O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), is dynamic and inducible. 28922739 7 67 theme several 960:966 arg1 modifications 987:999 several post-translational modifications 960:999 several post-translational modifications 960:999 The action of Oct4 is modulated by the addition of several post-translational modifications, including O-GlcNAc. 28922739 7 67 theme several 960:966 arg1 O-GlcNAc 1012:1019 O-GlcNAc 1012:1019 O-GlcNAc 1012:1019 The action of Oct4 is modulated by the addition of several post-translational modifications, including O-GlcNAc. 28922739 10 68 theme O-GlcNAc 1239:1246 arg1 attachment 1248:1257 O-GlcNAc attachment 1239:1257 O-GlcNAc attachment 1239:1257 We mapped 10 novel sites of O-GlcNAc attachment on human Oct4, and confirmed a role for OGT in transcriptional activation of Oct4 at a site distinct from that found in mouse that allows distinction between different Oct4 target promoters. 28922739 10 69 theme human 1262:1266 arg1 Oct4 1268:1271 human Oct4 1262:1271 human Oct4 1262:1271 We mapped 10 novel sites of O-GlcNAc attachment on human Oct4, and confirmed a role for OGT in transcriptional activation of Oct4 at a site distinct from that found in mouse that allows distinction between different Oct4 target promoters. 28922739 10 70 from sites 1230:1234 arg1 Oct4 1268:1271 human Oct4 1262:1271 human Oct4 1262:1271 We mapped 10 novel sites of O-GlcNAc attachment on human Oct4, and confirmed a role for OGT in transcriptional activation of Oct4 at a site distinct from that found in mouse that allows distinction between different Oct4 target promoters. 28922739 2 71 theme O-linked 258:265 arg1 OGT 300:302 OGT 300:302 OGT 300:302 Addition of this modification, by the enzyme O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), is dynamic and inducible. 28922739 2 71 theme O-linked 258:265 arg1 transferase 287:297 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 258:297 the enzyme O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 247:303 Addition of this modification, by the enzyme O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), is dynamic and inducible. 28922739 6 72 theme ES 825:826 arg1 cells 828:832 ES cells 825:832 ES cells 825:832 Octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct4) is one of the key transcription factors required for pluripotency of ES cells and more recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. 28922739 10 73 theme novel 1224:1228 arg1 sites 1230:1234 10 novel sites 1221:1234 10 novel sites of O-GlcNAc attachment on human Oct4 1221:1271 We mapped 10 novel sites of O-GlcNAc attachment on human Oct4, and confirmed a role for OGT in transcriptional activation of Oct4 at a site distinct from that found in mouse that allows distinction between different Oct4 target promoters. 28922739 10 73 theme novel 1224:1228 arg1 attachment 1248:1257 O-GlcNAc attachment 1239:1257 O-GlcNAc attachment 1239:1257 We mapped 10 novel sites of O-GlcNAc attachment on human Oct4, and confirmed a role for OGT in transcriptional activation of Oct4 at a site distinct from that found in mouse that allows distinction between different Oct4 target promoters. 28922739 12 74 theme mouse 1662:1666 arg1 Oct4 1668:1671 mouse Oct4 1662:1671 mouse Oct4 1662:1671 These results confirm that human Oct4 activity is being regulated by OGT by a mechanism that is distinct from mouse Oct4. 28922739 10 75 theme distinct 1351:1358 arg1 site 1346:1349 a site 1344:1349 a site distinct from that found in mouse that allows distinction between different Oct4 target promoters 1344:1447 We mapped 10 novel sites of O-GlcNAc attachment on human Oct4, and confirmed a role for OGT in transcriptional activation of Oct4 at a site distinct from that found in mouse that allows distinction between different Oct4 target promoters. 28922739 8 76 from studies 1031:1037 arg1 mice 1042:1045 mice 1042:1045 mice 1042:1045 Previous studies in mice found a single site of O-GlcNAc addition responsible for transcriptional regulation. 28922739 11 77 theme new 1489:1491 arg1 role 1493:1496 a potential new role 1477:1496 a potential new role for OGT that does not include its catalytic function 1477:1549 Additionally, we uncovered a potential new role for OGT that does not include its catalytic function. 28922739 3 78 theme major 336:340 arg1 class 342:346 One major class 332:346 One major class of proteins modified by O-GlcNAc 332:379 One major class of proteins modified by O-GlcNAc is transcription factors. 28922739 7 79 theme post-translational 968:985 arg1 modifications 987:999 several post-translational modifications 960:999 several post-translational modifications 960:999 The action of Oct4 is modulated by the addition of several post-translational modifications, including O-GlcNAc. 28922739 7 79 theme post-translational 968:985 arg1 O-GlcNAc 1012:1019 O-GlcNAc 1012:1019 O-GlcNAc 1012:1019 The action of Oct4 is modulated by the addition of several post-translational modifications, including O-GlcNAc. 28922739 1 80 theme many 153:156 arg1 classes 168:174 many different classes 153:174 many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 153:210 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 29187368 8 0 contain had 1205:1207 arg2 effect 1221:1226 the largest effect 1209:1226 the largest effect 1209:1226 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit had the largest effect on total levels, with the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively. 29187368 8 0 contain had 1205:1207 arg1 lack 1163:1166 The lack 1159:1166 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit 1159:1203 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit had the largest effect on total levels, with the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively. 29187368 1 1 gly glycosylation 160:172 arg1 subunits 134:141 Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) subunits 104:141 Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) subunits 104:141 Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) subunits undergo N-linked glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum where they assemble into an αβγ complex. 29187368 1 1 gly glycosylation 160:172 arg1 reticulum 193:201 the endoplasmic reticulum 177:201 the endoplasmic reticulum where they assemble into an αβγ complex 177:241 Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) subunits undergo N-linked glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum where they assemble into an αβγ complex. 29187368 10 2 link N-linked 1536:1543 arg1 glycans 1545:1551 N-linked glycans 1536:1551 N-linked glycans on each subunit 1536:1567 Our results indicate that N-linked glycans on each subunit are required for proper folding, maturation, surface expression, and function of the channel. 29187368 6 3 link N-linked 958:965 arg1 glycan 967:972 N-linked glycan 958:972 N-linked glycan 958:972 However, channel activation by shear stress was N-linked glycan independent, regardless of which subunit was modified. 29187368 10 4 from glycans 1545:1551 arg1 subunit 1561:1567 each subunit 1556:1567 each subunit 1556:1567 Our results indicate that N-linked glycans on each subunit are required for proper folding, maturation, surface expression, and function of the channel. 29187368 0 5 link N-linked 0:7 arg1 glycans 9:15 N-linked glycans 0:15 N-linked glycans 0:15 N-linked glycans are required on epithelial Na+ channel subunits for maturation and surface expression. 29187368 4 6 theme Heterologous 608:619 arg1 expression 621:630 Heterologous expression 608:630 Heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes or Fischer rat thyroid cells with αβγ-ENaC lacking N-linked glycans on a single subunit 608:737 Heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes or Fischer rat thyroid cells with αβγ-ENaC lacking N-linked glycans on a single subunit reduced ENaC activity as well as the inhibitory response to extracellular Na+. 29187368 4 7 with oocytes 643:649 arg1 αβγ-ENaC 685:692 αβγ-ENaC 685:692 αβγ-ENaC lacking N-linked glycans on a single subunit 685:737 Heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes or Fischer rat thyroid cells with αβγ-ENaC lacking N-linked glycans on a single subunit reduced ENaC activity as well as the inhibitory response to extracellular Na+. 29187368 1 8 theme endoplasmic 181:191 arg1 reticulum 193:201 the endoplasmic reticulum 177:201 the endoplasmic reticulum where they assemble into an αβγ complex 177:241 Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) subunits undergo N-linked glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum where they assemble into an αβγ complex. 29187368 6 9 theme channel 919:925 arg1 activation 927:936 channel activation 919:936 channel activation by shear stress 919:952 However, channel activation by shear stress was N-linked glycan independent, regardless of which subunit was modified. 29187368 9 10 theme wild-type 1381:1389 arg1 β-subunits 1391:1400 wild-type β-subunits 1381:1400 wild-type β-subunits 1381:1400 Finally, channels with wild-type β-subunits were more sensitive to limited trypsin proteolysis than channels lacking N-linked glycans on the β-subunit. 29187368 3 11 gly N-glycosylation 513:527 arg1 subunits 541:548 specific subunits 532:548 specific subunits 532:548 Because the importance of ENaC N-linked glycans has not been fully addressed, we examined the effect of preventing N-glycosylation of specific subunits on channel function, expression, maturation, and folding. 29187368 3 12 theme channel 553:559 arg1 function 561:568 channel function 553:568 channel function 553:568 Because the importance of ENaC N-linked glycans has not been fully addressed, we examined the effect of preventing N-glycosylation of specific subunits on channel function, expression, maturation, and folding. 29187368 7 13 theme glycans 1074:1080 arg1 lack 1057:1060 the lack 1053:1060 the lack of N-linked glycans on any one subunit 1053:1099 We also discovered that the lack of N-linked glycans on any one subunit reduced the total and surface levels of cognate subunits. 29187368 3 14 link N-linked 429:436 arg1 glycans 438:444 ENaC N-linked glycans 424:444 ENaC N-linked glycans 424:444 Because the importance of ENaC N-linked glycans has not been fully addressed, we examined the effect of preventing N-glycosylation of specific subunits on channel function, expression, maturation, and folding. 29187368 4 15 theme thyroid 666:672 arg1 cells 674:678 Fischer rat thyroid cells 654:678 Fischer rat thyroid cells 654:678 Heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes or Fischer rat thyroid cells with αβγ-ENaC lacking N-linked glycans on a single subunit reduced ENaC activity as well as the inhibitory response to extracellular Na+. 29187368 3 16 theme subunits 541:548 arg1 N-glycosylation 513:527 N-glycosylation 513:527 N-glycosylation of specific subunits 513:548 Because the importance of ENaC N-linked glycans has not been fully addressed, we examined the effect of preventing N-glycosylation of specific subunits on channel function, expression, maturation, and folding. 29187368 1 17 theme channel 119:125 arg1 subunits 134:141 Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) subunits 104:141 Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) subunits 104:141 Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) subunits undergo N-linked glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum where they assemble into an αβγ complex. 29187368 8 18 theme total 1231:1235 arg1 levels 1237:1242 total levels 1231:1242 total levels 1231:1242 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit had the largest effect on total levels, with the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively. 29187368 5 19 from lack 822:825 arg1 β-subunit 854:862 the β-subunit 850:862 the β-subunit 850:862 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit also precluded channel activation by trypsin. 29187368 5 20 theme channel 879:885 arg1 activation 887:896 channel activation 879:896 channel activation 879:896 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit also precluded channel activation by trypsin. 29187368 5 21 theme glycans 839:845 arg1 lack 822:825 The lack 818:825 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit 818:862 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit also precluded channel activation by trypsin. 29187368 9 22 from glycans 1484:1490 arg1 β-subunit 1499:1507 the β-subunit 1495:1507 the β-subunit 1495:1507 Finally, channels with wild-type β-subunits were more sensitive to limited trypsin proteolysis than channels lacking N-linked glycans on the β-subunit. 29187368 6 23 theme N-linked 958:965 arg1 glycan 967:972 N-linked glycan 958:972 N-linked glycan 958:972 However, channel activation by shear stress was N-linked glycan independent, regardless of which subunit was modified. 29187368 4 24 theme Fischer 654:660 arg1 cells 674:678 Fischer rat thyroid cells 654:678 Fischer rat thyroid cells 654:678 Heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes or Fischer rat thyroid cells with αβγ-ENaC lacking N-linked glycans on a single subunit reduced ENaC activity as well as the inhibitory response to extracellular Na+. 29187368 1 25 theme N-linked 151:158 arg1 glycosylation 160:172 N-linked glycosylation 151:172 N-linked glycosylation 151:172 Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) subunits undergo N-linked glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum where they assemble into an αβγ complex. 29187368 3 26 from effect 492:497 arg1 maturation 583:592 maturation 583:592 maturation 583:592 Because the importance of ENaC N-linked glycans has not been fully addressed, we examined the effect of preventing N-glycosylation of specific subunits on channel function, expression, maturation, and folding. 29187368 3 26 from effect 492:497 arg1 folding 599:605 folding 599:605 folding 599:605 Because the importance of ENaC N-linked glycans has not been fully addressed, we examined the effect of preventing N-glycosylation of specific subunits on channel function, expression, maturation, and folding. 29187368 3 26 from effect 492:497 arg1 expression 571:580 expression 571:580 expression 571:580 Because the importance of ENaC N-linked glycans has not been fully addressed, we examined the effect of preventing N-glycosylation of specific subunits on channel function, expression, maturation, and folding. 29187368 3 26 from effect 492:497 arg1 function 561:568 channel function 553:568 channel function 553:568 Because the importance of ENaC N-linked glycans has not been fully addressed, we examined the effect of preventing N-glycosylation of specific subunits on channel function, expression, maturation, and folding. 29187368 0 27 theme surface 84:90 arg1 expression 92:101 surface expression 84:101 surface expression 84:101 N-linked glycans are required on epithelial Na+ channel subunits for maturation and surface expression. 29187368 9 28 theme N-linked 1475:1482 arg1 glycans 1484:1490 N-linked glycans 1475:1490 N-linked glycans on the β-subunit 1475:1507 Finally, channels with wild-type β-subunits were more sensitive to limited trypsin proteolysis than channels lacking N-linked glycans on the β-subunit. 29187368 9 29 theme limited 1425:1431 arg1 proteolysis 1441:1451 limited trypsin proteolysis 1425:1451 limited trypsin proteolysis 1425:1451 Finally, channels with wild-type β-subunits were more sensitive to limited trypsin proteolysis than channels lacking N-linked glycans on the β-subunit. 29187368 8 30 theme glycans 1271:1277 arg1 lack 1254:1257 the lack 1250:1257 the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively 1250:1355 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit had the largest effect on total levels, with the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively. 29187368 10 31 theme proper 1586:1591 arg1 folding 1593:1599 folding 1593:1599 folding 1593:1599 Our results indicate that N-linked glycans on each subunit are required for proper folding, maturation, surface expression, and function of the channel. 29187368 4 32 from glycans 711:717 arg1 subunit 731:737 a single subunit 722:737 a single subunit 722:737 Heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes or Fischer rat thyroid cells with αβγ-ENaC lacking N-linked glycans on a single subunit reduced ENaC activity as well as the inhibitory response to extracellular Na+. 29187368 2 33 theme mouse 354:358 arg1 α- 360:361 the mouse α- 350:361 the mouse α- 350:361 Six, 13, and 5 consensus sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) for N-glycosylation reside in the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively. 29187368 0 34 theme N-linked 0:7 arg1 glycans 9:15 N-linked glycans 0:15 N-linked glycans 0:15 N-linked glycans are required on epithelial Na+ channel subunits for maturation and surface expression. 29187368 2 35 theme γ-subunits 372:381 arg1 α- 360:361 the mouse α- 350:361 the mouse α- 350:361 Six, 13, and 5 consensus sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) for N-glycosylation reside in the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively. 29187368 2 35 theme γ-subunits 372:381 arg1 domains 339:345 the extracellular domains 321:345 the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively 321:395 Six, 13, and 5 consensus sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) for N-glycosylation reside in the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively. 29187368 2 35 theme γ-subunits 372:381 arg1 β- 364:365 β- 364:365 β- 364:365 Six, 13, and 5 consensus sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) for N-glycosylation reside in the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively. 29187368 2 35 theme γ-subunits 372:381 arg1 γ-subunits 372:381 γ-subunits 372:381 γ-subunits 372:381 Six, 13, and 5 consensus sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) for N-glycosylation reside in the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively. 29187368 1 36 theme Epithelial 104:113 arg1 ENaC 128:131 ENaC 128:131 ENaC 128:131 Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) subunits undergo N-linked glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum where they assemble into an αβγ complex. 29187368 1 36 theme Epithelial 104:113 arg1 channel 119:125 Epithelial Na+ channel 104:125 Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) subunits 104:141 Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) subunits undergo N-linked glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum where they assemble into an αβγ complex. 29187368 9 37 theme trypsin 1433:1439 arg1 proteolysis 1441:1451 limited trypsin proteolysis 1425:1451 limited trypsin proteolysis 1425:1451 Finally, channels with wild-type β-subunits were more sensitive to limited trypsin proteolysis than channels lacking N-linked glycans on the β-subunit. 29187368 7 38 link N-linked 1065:1072 arg1 glycans 1074:1080 N-linked glycans 1065:1080 N-linked glycans 1065:1080 We also discovered that the lack of N-linked glycans on any one subunit reduced the total and surface levels of cognate subunits. 29187368 8 39 theme N-linked 1171:1178 arg1 glycans 1180:1186 N-linked glycans 1171:1186 N-linked glycans 1171:1186 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit had the largest effect on total levels, with the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively. 29187368 8 40 link N-linked 1171:1178 arg1 glycans 1180:1186 N-linked glycans 1171:1186 N-linked glycans 1171:1186 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit had the largest effect on total levels, with the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively. 29187368 4 41 theme inhibitory 776:785 arg1 response 787:794 the inhibitory response 772:794 ENaC activity as well as the inhibitory response to extracellular Na+ 747:815 Heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes or Fischer rat thyroid cells with αβγ-ENaC lacking N-linked glycans on a single subunit reduced ENaC activity as well as the inhibitory response to extracellular Na+. 29187368 0 42 theme Na+ 44:46 arg1 subunits 56:63 epithelial Na+ channel subunits 33:63 epithelial Na+ channel subunits 33:63 N-linked glycans are required on epithelial Na+ channel subunits for maturation and surface expression. 29187368 4 43 theme ENaC 747:750 arg1 activity 752:759 ENaC activity 747:759 ENaC activity as well as the inhibitory response to extracellular Na+ 747:815 Heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes or Fischer rat thyroid cells with αβγ-ENaC lacking N-linked glycans on a single subunit reduced ENaC activity as well as the inhibitory response to extracellular Na+. 29187368 3 44 theme N-linked 429:436 arg1 glycans 438:444 ENaC N-linked glycans 424:444 ENaC N-linked glycans 424:444 Because the importance of ENaC N-linked glycans has not been fully addressed, we examined the effect of preventing N-glycosylation of specific subunits on channel function, expression, maturation, and folding. 29187368 10 45 theme channel 1654:1660 arg1 maturation 1602:1611 maturation 1602:1611 maturation 1602:1611 Our results indicate that N-linked glycans on each subunit are required for proper folding, maturation, surface expression, and function of the channel. 29187368 10 45 theme channel 1654:1660 arg1 function 1638:1645 function 1638:1645 function 1638:1645 Our results indicate that N-linked glycans on each subunit are required for proper folding, maturation, surface expression, and function of the channel. 29187368 10 45 theme channel 1654:1660 arg1 folding 1593:1599 folding 1593:1599 folding 1593:1599 Our results indicate that N-linked glycans on each subunit are required for proper folding, maturation, surface expression, and function of the channel. 29187368 10 45 theme channel 1654:1660 arg1 expression 1622:1631 surface expression 1614:1631 surface expression 1614:1631 Our results indicate that N-linked glycans on each subunit are required for proper folding, maturation, surface expression, and function of the channel. 29187368 8 46 from lack 1254:1257 arg1 α-subunits 1293:1302 α-subunits 1293:1302 α-subunits 1293:1302 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit had the largest effect on total levels, with the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively. 29187368 8 46 from lack 1254:1257 arg1 γ- 1286:1287 γ- 1286:1287 γ- 1286:1287 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit had the largest effect on total levels, with the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively. 29187368 1 47 theme αβγ 231:233 arg1 complex 235:241 an αβγ complex 228:241 an αβγ complex 228:241 Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) subunits undergo N-linked glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum where they assemble into an αβγ complex. 29187368 4 48 link N-linked 702:709 arg1 glycans 711:717 N-linked glycans 702:717 N-linked glycans on a single subunit 702:737 Heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes or Fischer rat thyroid cells with αβγ-ENaC lacking N-linked glycans on a single subunit reduced ENaC activity as well as the inhibitory response to extracellular Na+. 29187368 4 49 with cells 674:678 arg1 αβγ-ENaC 685:692 αβγ-ENaC 685:692 αβγ-ENaC lacking N-linked glycans on a single subunit 685:737 Heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes or Fischer rat thyroid cells with αβγ-ENaC lacking N-linked glycans on a single subunit reduced ENaC activity as well as the inhibitory response to extracellular Na+. 29187368 7 50 theme N-linked 1065:1072 arg1 glycans 1074:1080 N-linked glycans 1065:1080 N-linked glycans 1065:1080 We also discovered that the lack of N-linked glycans on any one subunit reduced the total and surface levels of cognate subunits. 29187368 2 51 theme extracellular 325:337 arg1 α- 360:361 the mouse α- 350:361 the mouse α- 350:361 Six, 13, and 5 consensus sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) for N-glycosylation reside in the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively. 29187368 2 51 theme extracellular 325:337 arg1 domains 339:345 the extracellular domains 321:345 the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively 321:395 Six, 13, and 5 consensus sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) for N-glycosylation reside in the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively. 29187368 2 51 theme extracellular 325:337 arg1 β- 364:365 β- 364:365 β- 364:365 Six, 13, and 5 consensus sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) for N-glycosylation reside in the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively. 29187368 2 51 theme extracellular 325:337 arg1 γ-subunits 372:381 γ-subunits 372:381 γ-subunits 372:381 Six, 13, and 5 consensus sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) for N-glycosylation reside in the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively. 29187368 8 52 from γ- 1286:1287 arg1 lack 1254:1257 the lack 1250:1257 the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively 1250:1355 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit had the largest effect on total levels, with the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively. 29187368 2 53 theme consensus 259:267 arg1 sites 269:273 Six, 13, and 5 consensus sites 244:273 Six, 13, and 5 consensus sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) for N-glycosylation 244:309 Six, 13, and 5 consensus sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) for N-glycosylation reside in the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively. 29187368 8 54 from lack 1163:1166 arg1 β-subunit 1195:1203 the β-subunit 1191:1203 the β-subunit 1191:1203 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit had the largest effect on total levels, with the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively. 29187368 8 55 theme largest 1213:1219 arg1 effect 1221:1226 the largest effect 1209:1226 the largest effect 1209:1226 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit had the largest effect on total levels, with the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively. 29187368 4 56 from expression 621:630 arg1 cells 674:678 Fischer rat thyroid cells 654:678 Fischer rat thyroid cells 654:678 Heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes or Fischer rat thyroid cells with αβγ-ENaC lacking N-linked glycans on a single subunit reduced ENaC activity as well as the inhibitory response to extracellular Na+. 29187368 4 56 from expression 621:630 arg1 oocytes 643:649 Xenopus oocytes 635:649 Xenopus oocytes 635:649 Heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes or Fischer rat thyroid cells with αβγ-ENaC lacking N-linked glycans on a single subunit reduced ENaC activity as well as the inhibitory response to extracellular Na+. 29187368 9 57 link N-linked 1475:1482 arg1 glycans 1484:1490 N-linked glycans 1475:1490 N-linked glycans on the β-subunit 1475:1507 Finally, channels with wild-type β-subunits were more sensitive to limited trypsin proteolysis than channels lacking N-linked glycans on the β-subunit. 29187368 10 58 theme N-linked 1536:1543 arg1 glycans 1545:1551 N-linked glycans 1536:1551 N-linked glycans on each subunit 1536:1567 Our results indicate that N-linked glycans on each subunit are required for proper folding, maturation, surface expression, and function of the channel. 29187368 8 59 from α-subunits 1293:1302 arg1 lack 1254:1257 the lack 1250:1257 the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively 1250:1355 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit had the largest effect on total levels, with the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively. 29187368 4 60 theme extracellular 799:811 arg1 Na+ 813:815 extracellular Na+ 799:815 extracellular Na+ 799:815 Heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes or Fischer rat thyroid cells with αβγ-ENaC lacking N-linked glycans on a single subunit reduced ENaC activity as well as the inhibitory response to extracellular Na+. 29187368 8 61 theme glycans 1180:1186 arg1 lack 1163:1166 The lack 1159:1166 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit 1159:1203 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit had the largest effect on total levels, with the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively. 29187368 8 62 link N-linked 1262:1269 arg1 glycans 1271:1277 N-linked glycans 1262:1277 N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively 1262:1355 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit had the largest effect on total levels, with the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively. 29187368 3 63 theme specific 532:539 arg1 subunits 541:548 specific subunits 532:548 specific subunits 532:548 Because the importance of ENaC N-linked glycans has not been fully addressed, we examined the effect of preventing N-glycosylation of specific subunits on channel function, expression, maturation, and folding. 29187368 1 64 theme Na+ 115:117 arg1 ENaC 128:131 ENaC 128:131 ENaC 128:131 Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) subunits undergo N-linked glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum where they assemble into an αβγ complex. 29187368 1 64 theme Na+ 115:117 arg1 channel 119:125 Epithelial Na+ channel 104:125 Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) subunits 104:141 Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) subunits undergo N-linked glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum where they assemble into an αβγ complex. 29187368 2 65 dep sites 269:273 arg1 Asn-X-Ser/Thr 276:288 Asn-X-Ser/Thr 276:288 Asn-X-Ser/Thr 276:288 Six, 13, and 5 consensus sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) for N-glycosylation reside in the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively. 29187368 5 66 theme N-linked 830:837 arg1 glycans 839:845 N-linked glycans 830:845 N-linked glycans 830:845 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit also precluded channel activation by trypsin. 29187368 4 67 theme Xenopus 635:641 arg1 oocytes 643:649 Xenopus oocytes 635:649 Xenopus oocytes 635:649 Heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes or Fischer rat thyroid cells with αβγ-ENaC lacking N-linked glycans on a single subunit reduced ENaC activity as well as the inhibitory response to extracellular Na+. 29187368 7 68 theme cognate 1141:1147 arg1 subunits 1149:1156 cognate subunits 1141:1156 cognate subunits 1141:1156 We also discovered that the lack of N-linked glycans on any one subunit reduced the total and surface levels of cognate subunits. 29187368 7 69 theme subunits 1149:1156 arg1 levels 1131:1136 the total and surface levels 1109:1136 levels 1131:1136 We also discovered that the lack of N-linked glycans on any one subunit reduced the total and surface levels of cognate subunits. 29187368 6 70 theme shear 941:945 arg1 stress 947:952 shear stress 941:952 shear stress 941:952 However, channel activation by shear stress was N-linked glycan independent, regardless of which subunit was modified. 29187368 10 71 theme surface 1614:1620 arg1 expression 1622:1631 surface expression 1614:1631 surface expression 1614:1631 Our results indicate that N-linked glycans on each subunit are required for proper folding, maturation, surface expression, and function of the channel. 29187368 7 72 theme surface 1123:1129 arg1 levels 1131:1136 the total and surface levels 1109:1136 levels 1131:1136 We also discovered that the lack of N-linked glycans on any one subunit reduced the total and surface levels of cognate subunits. 29187368 4 73 theme single 724:729 arg1 subunit 731:737 a single subunit 722:737 a single subunit 722:737 Heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes or Fischer rat thyroid cells with αβγ-ENaC lacking N-linked glycans on a single subunit reduced ENaC activity as well as the inhibitory response to extracellular Na+. 29187368 2 74 theme α- 360:361 arg1 α- 360:361 the mouse α- 350:361 the mouse α- 350:361 Six, 13, and 5 consensus sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) for N-glycosylation reside in the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively. 29187368 2 74 theme α- 360:361 arg1 domains 339:345 the extracellular domains 321:345 the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively 321:395 Six, 13, and 5 consensus sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) for N-glycosylation reside in the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively. 29187368 2 74 theme α- 360:361 arg1 β- 364:365 β- 364:365 β- 364:365 Six, 13, and 5 consensus sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) for N-glycosylation reside in the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively. 29187368 2 74 theme α- 360:361 arg1 γ-subunits 372:381 γ-subunits 372:381 γ-subunits 372:381 Six, 13, and 5 consensus sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) for N-glycosylation reside in the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively. 29187368 7 75 theme total 1113:1117 arg1 levels 1131:1136 the total and surface levels 1109:1136 levels 1131:1136 We also discovered that the lack of N-linked glycans on any one subunit reduced the total and surface levels of cognate subunits. 29187368 1 76 link N-linked 151:158 arg1 glycosylation 160:172 N-linked glycosylation 151:172 N-linked glycosylation 151:172 Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) subunits undergo N-linked glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum where they assemble into an αβγ complex. 29187368 4 77 theme N-linked 702:709 arg1 glycans 711:717 N-linked glycans 702:717 N-linked glycans on a single subunit 702:737 Heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes or Fischer rat thyroid cells with αβγ-ENaC lacking N-linked glycans on a single subunit reduced ENaC activity as well as the inhibitory response to extracellular Na+. 29187368 3 78 theme ENaC 424:427 arg1 glycans 438:444 ENaC N-linked glycans 424:444 ENaC N-linked glycans 424:444 Because the importance of ENaC N-linked glycans has not been fully addressed, we examined the effect of preventing N-glycosylation of specific subunits on channel function, expression, maturation, and folding. 29187368 0 79 theme epithelial 33:42 arg1 subunits 56:63 epithelial Na+ channel subunits 33:63 epithelial Na+ channel subunits 33:63 N-linked glycans are required on epithelial Na+ channel subunits for maturation and surface expression. 29187368 5 80 link N-linked 830:837 arg1 glycans 839:845 N-linked glycans 830:845 N-linked glycans 830:845 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit also precluded channel activation by trypsin. 29187368 7 81 from lack 1057:1060 arg1 subunit 1093:1099 any one subunit 1085:1099 any one subunit 1085:1099 We also discovered that the lack of N-linked glycans on any one subunit reduced the total and surface levels of cognate subunits. 29187368 2 82 theme β- 364:365 arg1 α- 360:361 the mouse α- 350:361 the mouse α- 350:361 Six, 13, and 5 consensus sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) for N-glycosylation reside in the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively. 29187368 2 82 theme β- 364:365 arg1 domains 339:345 the extracellular domains 321:345 the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively 321:395 Six, 13, and 5 consensus sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) for N-glycosylation reside in the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively. 29187368 2 82 theme β- 364:365 arg1 β- 364:365 β- 364:365 β- 364:365 Six, 13, and 5 consensus sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) for N-glycosylation reside in the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively. 29187368 2 82 theme β- 364:365 arg1 γ-subunits 372:381 γ-subunits 372:381 γ-subunits 372:381 Six, 13, and 5 consensus sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) for N-glycosylation reside in the extracellular domains of the mouse α-, β-, and γ-subunits, respectively. 29187368 0 83 theme channel 48:54 arg1 subunits 56:63 epithelial Na+ channel subunits 33:63 epithelial Na+ channel subunits 33:63 N-linked glycans are required on epithelial Na+ channel subunits for maturation and surface expression. 29187368 8 84 contain having 1304:1309 arg2 effects 1335:1341 intermediate and modest effects 1311:1341 intermediate and modest effects 1311:1341 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit had the largest effect on total levels, with the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively. 29187368 8 84 contain having 1304:1309 arg1 γ- 1286:1287 γ- 1286:1287 γ- 1286:1287 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit had the largest effect on total levels, with the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively. 29187368 9 85 with channels 1367:1374 arg1 β-subunits 1391:1400 wild-type β-subunits 1381:1400 wild-type β-subunits 1381:1400 Finally, channels with wild-type β-subunits were more sensitive to limited trypsin proteolysis than channels lacking N-linked glycans on the β-subunit. 29187368 8 86 theme intermediate 1311:1322 arg1 effects 1335:1341 intermediate and modest effects 1311:1341 intermediate and modest effects 1311:1341 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit had the largest effect on total levels, with the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively. 29187368 8 87 from glycans 1271:1277 arg1 α-subunits 1293:1302 α-subunits 1293:1302 α-subunits 1293:1302 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit had the largest effect on total levels, with the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively. 29187368 8 87 from glycans 1271:1277 arg1 γ- 1286:1287 γ- 1286:1287 γ- 1286:1287 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit had the largest effect on total levels, with the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively. 29187368 8 88 theme N-linked 1262:1269 arg1 glycans 1271:1277 N-linked glycans 1262:1277 N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively 1262:1355 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit had the largest effect on total levels, with the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively. 29187368 8 89 theme modest 1328:1333 arg1 effects 1335:1341 intermediate and modest effects 1311:1341 intermediate and modest effects 1311:1341 The lack of N-linked glycans on the β-subunit had the largest effect on total levels, with the lack of N-linked glycans on the γ- and α-subunits having intermediate and modest effects, respectively. 29187368 3 90 theme glycans 438:444 arg1 importance 410:419 the importance 406:419 the importance of ENaC N-linked glycans 406:444 Because the importance of ENaC N-linked glycans has not been fully addressed, we examined the effect of preventing N-glycosylation of specific subunits on channel function, expression, maturation, and folding. 29187368 4 91 theme rat 662:664 arg1 cells 674:678 Fischer rat thyroid cells 654:678 Fischer rat thyroid cells 654:678 Heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes or Fischer rat thyroid cells with αβγ-ENaC lacking N-linked glycans on a single subunit reduced ENaC activity as well as the inhibitory response to extracellular Na+. 26208754 4 0 theme Semi-quantitative 424:440 arg1 analysis 449:456 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis 424:456 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis 424:456 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that bcIFNa mRNA transcription level in all the selected tissues of black carp was greatly increased at 33 h post spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection. 26208754 7 1 theme cytokine 1139:1146 arg1 site 1126:1129 38 site 1123:1129 38 site of this cytokine 1123:1146 Mass spectrum assay and glycosidase digestion analysis determined that bcIFNa is modified with N-linked glycosylation, which occurs on the Asn (N) of 38 site of this cytokine. 26208754 7 1 theme cytokine 1139:1146 arg1 cytokine 1139:1146 this cytokine 1134:1146 this cytokine 1134:1146 Mass spectrum assay and glycosidase digestion analysis determined that bcIFNa is modified with N-linked glycosylation, which occurs on the Asn (N) of 38 site of this cytokine. 26208754 8 2 link N-linked 1326:1333 arg1 glycosylation 1335:1347 N-linked glycosylation 1326:1347 N-linked glycosylation 1326:1347 The un-glycosylated mutant bcIFNa-N38Q could be secreted out of the cell and showed the similar antiviral ability against SVCV as that of wild type bcIFNa, which suggested that N-linked glycosylation does not contribute directly to the antiviral property of this fish cytokine. 26208754 0 3 theme N-linked 58:65 arg1 glycosylation 67:79 N-linked glycosylation 58:79 N-linked glycosylation 58:79 IFNa of black carp is an antiviral cytokine modified with N-linked glycosylation. 26208754 8 4 theme fish 1412:1415 arg1 cytokine 1417:1424 this fish cytokine 1407:1424 this fish cytokine 1407:1424 The un-glycosylated mutant bcIFNa-N38Q could be secreted out of the cell and showed the similar antiviral ability against SVCV as that of wild type bcIFNa, which suggested that N-linked glycosylation does not contribute directly to the antiviral property of this fish cytokine. 26208754 4 5 theme SVCV 615:618 arg1 infection 621:629 carp virus (SVCV) infection 603:629 carp virus (SVCV) infection 603:629 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that bcIFNa mRNA transcription level in all the selected tissues of black carp was greatly increased at 33 h post spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection. 26208754 4 6 theme selected 519:526 arg1 tissues 528:534 all the selected tissues 511:534 all the selected tissues 511:534 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that bcIFNa mRNA transcription level in all the selected tissues of black carp was greatly increased at 33 h post spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection. 26208754 8 7 theme antiviral 1245:1253 arg1 ability 1255:1261 the similar antiviral ability 1233:1261 the similar antiviral ability 1233:1261 The un-glycosylated mutant bcIFNa-N38Q could be secreted out of the cell and showed the similar antiviral ability against SVCV as that of wild type bcIFNa, which suggested that N-linked glycosylation does not contribute directly to the antiviral property of this fish cytokine. 26208754 4 8 theme black 539:543 arg1 carp 545:548 black carp 539:548 black carp 539:548 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that bcIFNa mRNA transcription level in all the selected tissues of black carp was greatly increased at 33 h post spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection. 26208754 5 9 theme bcIFNa 647:652 arg1 protein 636:642 The protein 632:642 The protein of bcIFNa 632:652 The protein of bcIFNa could be detected in both the whole cell lysate and the supernatant media of HEK293T cells transfected with plasmids expressing bcIFNa through immunoblot assay. 26208754 6 10 theme EPC 815:817 arg1 cells 819:823 EPC cells 815:823 EPC cells 815:823 EPC cells showed greatly increased antiviral ability when the cells were treated with the bcIFNa-containing conditioned media for 24 h before SVCV infection. 26208754 5 11 located detected 663:670 arg2 protein 636:642 The protein 632:642 The protein of bcIFNa 632:652 The protein of bcIFNa could be detected in both the whole cell lysate and the supernatant media of HEK293T cells transfected with plasmids expressing bcIFNa through immunoblot assay. 26208754 5 11 located detected 663:670 arg1 lysate 695:700 the whole cell lysate 680:700 the whole cell lysate 680:700 The protein of bcIFNa could be detected in both the whole cell lysate and the supernatant media of HEK293T cells transfected with plasmids expressing bcIFNa through immunoblot assay. 26208754 5 11 located detected 663:670 arg1 media 722:726 the supernatant media 706:726 the supernatant media 706:726 The protein of bcIFNa could be detected in both the whole cell lysate and the supernatant media of HEK293T cells transfected with plasmids expressing bcIFNa through immunoblot assay. 26208754 8 12 theme similar 1237:1243 arg1 ability 1255:1261 the similar antiviral ability 1233:1261 the similar antiviral ability 1233:1261 The un-glycosylated mutant bcIFNa-N38Q could be secreted out of the cell and showed the similar antiviral ability against SVCV as that of wild type bcIFNa, which suggested that N-linked glycosylation does not contribute directly to the antiviral property of this fish cytokine. 26208754 8 13 theme cytokine 1417:1424 arg1 property 1395:1402 the antiviral property 1381:1402 the antiviral property of this fish cytokine 1381:1424 The un-glycosylated mutant bcIFNa-N38Q could be secreted out of the cell and showed the similar antiviral ability against SVCV as that of wild type bcIFNa, which suggested that N-linked glycosylation does not contribute directly to the antiviral property of this fish cytokine. 26208754 8 14 theme un-glycosylated 1153:1167 arg1 bcIFNa-N38Q 1176:1186 The un-glycosylated mutant bcIFNa-N38Q 1149:1186 The un-glycosylated mutant bcIFNa-N38Q 1149:1186 The un-glycosylated mutant bcIFNa-N38Q could be secreted out of the cell and showed the similar antiviral ability against SVCV as that of wild type bcIFNa, which suggested that N-linked glycosylation does not contribute directly to the antiviral property of this fish cytokine. 26208754 5 15 theme cells 739:743 arg1 lysate 695:700 the whole cell lysate 680:700 the whole cell lysate 680:700 The protein of bcIFNa could be detected in both the whole cell lysate and the supernatant media of HEK293T cells transfected with plasmids expressing bcIFNa through immunoblot assay. 26208754 5 15 theme cells 739:743 arg1 media 722:726 the supernatant media 706:726 the supernatant media 706:726 The protein of bcIFNa could be detected in both the whole cell lysate and the supernatant media of HEK293T cells transfected with plasmids expressing bcIFNa through immunoblot assay. 26208754 4 16 theme carp 603:606 arg1 infection 621:629 carp virus (SVCV) infection 603:629 carp virus (SVCV) infection 603:629 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that bcIFNa mRNA transcription level in all the selected tissues of black carp was greatly increased at 33 h post spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection. 26208754 8 17 gly glycosylation 1335:1347 arg1 cytokine 1417:1424 this fish cytokine 1407:1424 this fish cytokine 1407:1424 The un-glycosylated mutant bcIFNa-N38Q could be secreted out of the cell and showed the similar antiviral ability against SVCV as that of wild type bcIFNa, which suggested that N-linked glycosylation does not contribute directly to the antiviral property of this fish cytokine. 26208754 0 18 theme antiviral 25:33 arg1 IFNa 0:3 IFNa 0:3 IFNa of black carp 0:17 IFNa of black carp is an antiviral cytokine modified with N-linked glycosylation. 26208754 0 18 theme antiviral 25:33 arg1 cytokine 35:42 an antiviral cytokine 22:42 an antiviral cytokine modified with N-linked glycosylation 22:79 IFNa of black carp is an antiviral cytokine modified with N-linked glycosylation. 26208754 7 19 theme N-linked 1068:1075 arg1 glycosylation 1077:1089 N-linked glycosylation 1068:1089 N-linked glycosylation 1068:1089 Mass spectrum assay and glycosidase digestion analysis determined that bcIFNa is modified with N-linked glycosylation, which occurs on the Asn (N) of 38 site of this cytokine. 26208754 1 20 theme antiviral 138:146 arg1 response 155:162 the antiviral immune response 134:162 the antiviral immune response in teleost fish 134:178 Type I interferons (IFNs) play an important role in the antiviral immune response in teleost fish. 26208754 7 21 theme site 1126:1129 arg1 N 1117:1117 N 1117:1117 N 1117:1117 Mass spectrum assay and glycosidase digestion analysis determined that bcIFNa is modified with N-linked glycosylation, which occurs on the Asn (N) of 38 site of this cytokine. 26208754 7 21 theme site 1126:1129 arg1 Asn 1112:1114 the Asn 1108:1114 the Asn (N) of 38 site of this cytokine 1108:1146 Mass spectrum assay and glycosidase digestion analysis determined that bcIFNa is modified with N-linked glycosylation, which occurs on the Asn (N) of 38 site of this cytokine. 26208754 7 22 theme digestion 1009:1017 arg1 analysis 1019:1026 Mass spectrum assay and glycosidase digestion analysis 973:1026 analysis 1019:1026 Mass spectrum assay and glycosidase digestion analysis determined that bcIFNa is modified with N-linked glycosylation, which occurs on the Asn (N) of 38 site of this cytokine. 26208754 2 23 theme Mylopharyngodon 242:256 arg1 carp 236:239 black carp 230:239 black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) 230:264 In this study, one type I interferon (bcIFNa) of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) has been cloned and characterized. 26208754 2 23 theme Mylopharyngodon 242:256 arg1 piceus 258:263 Mylopharyngodon piceus 242:263 Mylopharyngodon piceus 242:263 In this study, one type I interferon (bcIFNa) of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) has been cloned and characterized. 26208754 7 24 theme Mass 973:976 arg1 assay 987:991 Mass spectrum assay and glycosidase digestion analysis 973:1026 assay 987:991 Mass spectrum assay and glycosidase digestion analysis determined that bcIFNa is modified with N-linked glycosylation, which occurs on the Asn (N) of 38 site of this cytokine. 26208754 1 25 theme immune 148:153 arg1 response 155:162 the antiviral immune response 134:162 the antiviral immune response in teleost fish 134:178 Type I interferons (IFNs) play an important role in the antiviral immune response in teleost fish. 26208754 5 26 theme supernatant 710:720 arg1 media 722:726 the supernatant media 706:726 the supernatant media 706:726 The protein of bcIFNa could be detected in both the whole cell lysate and the supernatant media of HEK293T cells transfected with plasmids expressing bcIFNa through immunoblot assay. 26208754 6 27 theme antiviral 850:858 arg1 ability 860:866 greatly increased antiviral ability 832:866 greatly increased antiviral ability 832:866 EPC cells showed greatly increased antiviral ability when the cells were treated with the bcIFNa-containing conditioned media for 24 h before SVCV infection. 26208754 1 28 theme Type 82:85 arg1 IFNs 102:105 IFNs 102:105 IFNs 102:105 Type I interferons (IFNs) play an important role in the antiviral immune response in teleost fish. 26208754 1 28 theme Type 82:85 arg1 interferons 89:99 Type I interferons 82:99 Type I interferons (IFNs) 82:106 Type I interferons (IFNs) play an important role in the antiviral immune response in teleost fish. 26208754 8 29 theme mutant 1169:1174 arg1 bcIFNa-N38Q 1176:1186 The un-glycosylated mutant bcIFNa-N38Q 1149:1186 The un-glycosylated mutant bcIFNa-N38Q 1149:1186 The un-glycosylated mutant bcIFNa-N38Q could be secreted out of the cell and showed the similar antiviral ability against SVCV as that of wild type bcIFNa, which suggested that N-linked glycosylation does not contribute directly to the antiviral property of this fish cytokine. 26208754 0 30 theme carp 14:17 arg1 IFNa 0:3 IFNa 0:3 IFNa of black carp 0:17 IFNa of black carp is an antiviral cytokine modified with N-linked glycosylation. 26208754 0 30 theme carp 14:17 arg1 cytokine 35:42 an antiviral cytokine 22:42 an antiviral cytokine modified with N-linked glycosylation 22:79 IFNa of black carp is an antiviral cytokine modified with N-linked glycosylation. 26208754 8 31 theme N-linked 1326:1333 arg1 glycosylation 1335:1347 N-linked glycosylation 1326:1347 N-linked glycosylation 1326:1347 The un-glycosylated mutant bcIFNa-N38Q could be secreted out of the cell and showed the similar antiviral ability against SVCV as that of wild type bcIFNa, which suggested that N-linked glycosylation does not contribute directly to the antiviral property of this fish cytokine. 26208754 1 32 theme I 87:87 arg1 IFNs 102:105 IFNs 102:105 IFNs 102:105 Type I interferons (IFNs) play an important role in the antiviral immune response in teleost fish. 26208754 1 32 theme I 87:87 arg1 interferons 89:99 Type I interferons 82:99 Type I interferons (IFNs) 82:106 Type I interferons (IFNs) play an important role in the antiviral immune response in teleost fish. 26208754 8 33 theme type 1292:1295 arg1 bcIFNa 1297:1302 wild type bcIFNa 1287:1302 wild type bcIFNa 1287:1302 The un-glycosylated mutant bcIFNa-N38Q could be secreted out of the cell and showed the similar antiviral ability against SVCV as that of wild type bcIFNa, which suggested that N-linked glycosylation does not contribute directly to the antiviral property of this fish cytokine. 26208754 5 34 theme HEK293T 731:737 arg1 cells 739:743 HEK293T cells 731:743 HEK293T cells transfected with plasmids expressing bcIFNa through immunoblot assay 731:812 The protein of bcIFNa could be detected in both the whole cell lysate and the supernatant media of HEK293T cells transfected with plasmids expressing bcIFNa through immunoblot assay. 26208754 0 35 theme black 8:12 arg1 carp 14:17 black carp 8:17 black carp 8:17 IFNa of black carp is an antiviral cytokine modified with N-linked glycosylation. 26208754 7 36 theme glycosidase 997:1007 arg1 analysis 1019:1026 Mass spectrum assay and glycosidase digestion analysis 973:1026 analysis 1019:1026 Mass spectrum assay and glycosidase digestion analysis determined that bcIFNa is modified with N-linked glycosylation, which occurs on the Asn (N) of 38 site of this cytokine. 26208754 2 37 theme black 230:234 arg1 carp 236:239 black carp 230:239 black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) 230:264 In this study, one type I interferon (bcIFNa) of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) has been cloned and characterized. 26208754 2 37 theme black 230:234 arg1 piceus 258:263 Mylopharyngodon piceus 242:263 Mylopharyngodon piceus 242:263 In this study, one type I interferon (bcIFNa) of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) has been cloned and characterized. 26208754 1 38 theme teleost 167:173 arg1 fish 175:178 teleost fish 167:178 teleost fish 167:178 Type I interferons (IFNs) play an important role in the antiviral immune response in teleost fish. 26208754 5 39 theme whole 684:688 arg1 lysate 695:700 the whole cell lysate 680:700 the whole cell lysate 680:700 The protein of bcIFNa could be detected in both the whole cell lysate and the supernatant media of HEK293T cells transfected with plasmids expressing bcIFNa through immunoblot assay. 26208754 7 40 theme spectrum 978:985 arg1 assay 987:991 Mass spectrum assay and glycosidase digestion analysis 973:1026 assay 987:991 Mass spectrum assay and glycosidase digestion analysis determined that bcIFNa is modified with N-linked glycosylation, which occurs on the Asn (N) of 38 site of this cytokine. 26208754 7 41 link N-linked 1068:1075 arg1 glycosylation 1077:1089 N-linked glycosylation 1068:1089 N-linked glycosylation 1068:1089 Mass spectrum assay and glycosidase digestion analysis determined that bcIFNa is modified with N-linked glycosylation, which occurs on the Asn (N) of 38 site of this cytokine. 26208754 3 42 theme predicted 373:381 arg1 protein 390:396 the predicted bcIFNa protein 369:396 the predicted bcIFNa protein 369:396 The full-length cDNA of bcIFNa gene consists of 783 nucleotides and the predicted bcIFNa protein contains 185 amino acids. 26208754 5 43 theme cell 690:693 arg1 lysate 695:700 the whole cell lysate 680:700 the whole cell lysate 680:700 The protein of bcIFNa could be detected in both the whole cell lysate and the supernatant media of HEK293T cells transfected with plasmids expressing bcIFNa through immunoblot assay. 26208754 4 44 theme bcIFNa 476:481 arg1 level 502:506 bcIFNa mRNA transcription level 476:506 bcIFNa mRNA transcription level in all the selected tissues of black carp 476:548 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that bcIFNa mRNA transcription level in all the selected tissues of black carp was greatly increased at 33 h post spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection. 26208754 6 45 theme conditioned 923:933 arg1 media 935:939 the bcIFNa-containing conditioned media 901:939 the bcIFNa-containing conditioned media 901:939 EPC cells showed greatly increased antiviral ability when the cells were treated with the bcIFNa-containing conditioned media for 24 h before SVCV infection. 26208754 3 46 contain contains 398:405 arg1 protein 390:396 the predicted bcIFNa protein 369:396 the predicted bcIFNa protein 369:396 The full-length cDNA of bcIFNa gene consists of 783 nucleotides and the predicted bcIFNa protein contains 185 amino acids. 26208754 3 46 contain contains 398:405 arg2 acids 417:421 185 amino acids 407:421 185 amino acids 407:421 The full-length cDNA of bcIFNa gene consists of 783 nucleotides and the predicted bcIFNa protein contains 185 amino acids. 26208754 8 47 theme wild 1287:1290 arg1 bcIFNa 1297:1302 wild type bcIFNa 1287:1302 wild type bcIFNa 1287:1302 The un-glycosylated mutant bcIFNa-N38Q could be secreted out of the cell and showed the similar antiviral ability against SVCV as that of wild type bcIFNa, which suggested that N-linked glycosylation does not contribute directly to the antiviral property of this fish cytokine. 26208754 3 48 theme bcIFNa 383:388 arg1 protein 390:396 the predicted bcIFNa protein 369:396 the predicted bcIFNa protein 369:396 The full-length cDNA of bcIFNa gene consists of 783 nucleotides and the predicted bcIFNa protein contains 185 amino acids. 26208754 3 49 theme bcIFNa 325:330 arg1 gene 332:335 bcIFNa gene 325:335 bcIFNa gene 325:335 The full-length cDNA of bcIFNa gene consists of 783 nucleotides and the predicted bcIFNa protein contains 185 amino acids. 26208754 8 50 gly un-glycosylated 1153:1167 arg1 bcIFNa-N38Q 1176:1186 The un-glycosylated mutant bcIFNa-N38Q 1149:1186 The un-glycosylated mutant bcIFNa-N38Q 1149:1186 The un-glycosylated mutant bcIFNa-N38Q could be secreted out of the cell and showed the similar antiviral ability against SVCV as that of wild type bcIFNa, which suggested that N-linked glycosylation does not contribute directly to the antiviral property of this fish cytokine. 26208754 7 51 gly glycosylation 1077:1089 arg2 Asn 1112:1114 the Asn 1108:1114 the Asn (N) of 38 site of this cytokine 1108:1146 Mass spectrum assay and glycosidase digestion analysis determined that bcIFNa is modified with N-linked glycosylation, which occurs on the Asn (N) of 38 site of this cytokine. 26208754 7 51 gly glycosylation 1077:1089 arg2 N 1117:1117 N 1117:1117 N 1117:1117 Mass spectrum assay and glycosidase digestion analysis determined that bcIFNa is modified with N-linked glycosylation, which occurs on the Asn (N) of 38 site of this cytokine. 26208754 0 52 link N-linked 58:65 arg1 glycosylation 67:79 N-linked glycosylation 58:79 N-linked glycosylation 58:79 IFNa of black carp is an antiviral cytokine modified with N-linked glycosylation. 26208754 3 53 theme gene 332:335 arg1 cDNA 317:320 The full-length cDNA 301:320 The full-length cDNA of bcIFNa gene 301:335 The full-length cDNA of bcIFNa gene consists of 783 nucleotides and the predicted bcIFNa protein contains 185 amino acids. 26208754 4 54 theme transcription 488:500 arg1 level 502:506 bcIFNa mRNA transcription level 476:506 bcIFNa mRNA transcription level in all the selected tissues of black carp 476:548 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that bcIFNa mRNA transcription level in all the selected tissues of black carp was greatly increased at 33 h post spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection. 26208754 6 55 theme increased 840:848 arg1 ability 860:866 greatly increased antiviral ability 832:866 greatly increased antiviral ability 832:866 EPC cells showed greatly increased antiviral ability when the cells were treated with the bcIFNa-containing conditioned media for 24 h before SVCV infection. 26208754 8 56 dep cell 1217:1220 arg1 out 1206:1208 out 1206:1208 out 1206:1208 The un-glycosylated mutant bcIFNa-N38Q could be secreted out of the cell and showed the similar antiviral ability against SVCV as that of wild type bcIFNa, which suggested that N-linked glycosylation does not contribute directly to the antiviral property of this fish cytokine. 26208754 4 57 theme infection 621:629 arg1 viremia 592:598 spring viremia 585:598 spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection 585:629 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that bcIFNa mRNA transcription level in all the selected tissues of black carp was greatly increased at 33 h post spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection. 26208754 4 58 theme mRNA 483:486 arg1 level 502:506 bcIFNa mRNA transcription level 476:506 bcIFNa mRNA transcription level in all the selected tissues of black carp 476:548 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that bcIFNa mRNA transcription level in all the selected tissues of black carp was greatly increased at 33 h post spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection. 26208754 4 59 theme virus 608:612 arg1 infection 621:629 carp virus (SVCV) infection 603:629 carp virus (SVCV) infection 603:629 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that bcIFNa mRNA transcription level in all the selected tissues of black carp was greatly increased at 33 h post spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection. 26208754 2 60 theme carp 236:239 arg1 bcIFNa 219:224 bcIFNa 219:224 bcIFNa 219:224 In this study, one type I interferon (bcIFNa) of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) has been cloned and characterized. 26208754 2 60 theme carp 236:239 arg1 interferon 207:216 one type I interferon 196:216 one type I interferon (bcIFNa) of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) 196:264 In this study, one type I interferon (bcIFNa) of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) has been cloned and characterized. 26208754 7 61 mod modified 1054:1061 arg3 glycosylation 1077:1089 N-linked glycosylation 1068:1089 N-linked glycosylation 1068:1089 Mass spectrum assay and glycosidase digestion analysis determined that bcIFNa is modified with N-linked glycosylation, which occurs on the Asn (N) of 38 site of this cytokine. 26208754 7 61 mod modified 1054:1061 arg1 bcIFNa 1044:1049 bcIFNa 1044:1049 bcIFNa 1044:1049 Mass spectrum assay and glycosidase digestion analysis determined that bcIFNa is modified with N-linked glycosylation, which occurs on the Asn (N) of 38 site of this cytokine. 26208754 8 62 theme antiviral 1385:1393 arg1 property 1395:1402 the antiviral property 1381:1402 the antiviral property of this fish cytokine 1381:1424 The un-glycosylated mutant bcIFNa-N38Q could be secreted out of the cell and showed the similar antiviral ability against SVCV as that of wild type bcIFNa, which suggested that N-linked glycosylation does not contribute directly to the antiviral property of this fish cytokine. 26208754 4 63 from level 502:506 arg1 tissues 528:534 all the selected tissues 511:534 all the selected tissues 511:534 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that bcIFNa mRNA transcription level in all the selected tissues of black carp was greatly increased at 33 h post spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection. 26208754 3 64 theme amino 411:415 arg1 acids 417:421 185 amino acids 407:421 185 amino acids 407:421 The full-length cDNA of bcIFNa gene consists of 783 nucleotides and the predicted bcIFNa protein contains 185 amino acids. 26208754 4 65 theme carp 545:548 arg1 level 502:506 bcIFNa mRNA transcription level 476:506 bcIFNa mRNA transcription level in all the selected tissues of black carp 476:548 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that bcIFNa mRNA transcription level in all the selected tissues of black carp was greatly increased at 33 h post spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection. 26208754 6 66 theme SVCV 957:960 arg1 infection 962:970 SVCV infection 957:970 SVCV infection 957:970 EPC cells showed greatly increased antiviral ability when the cells were treated with the bcIFNa-containing conditioned media for 24 h before SVCV infection. 26208754 2 67 theme type 200:203 arg1 bcIFNa 219:224 bcIFNa 219:224 bcIFNa 219:224 In this study, one type I interferon (bcIFNa) of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) has been cloned and characterized. 26208754 2 67 theme type 200:203 arg1 interferon 207:216 one type I interferon 196:216 one type I interferon (bcIFNa) of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) 196:264 In this study, one type I interferon (bcIFNa) of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) has been cloned and characterized. 26208754 1 68 from response 155:162 arg1 fish 175:178 teleost fish 167:178 teleost fish 167:178 Type I interferons (IFNs) play an important role in the antiviral immune response in teleost fish. 26208754 5 69 theme immunoblot 797:806 arg1 assay 808:812 immunoblot assay 797:812 immunoblot assay 797:812 The protein of bcIFNa could be detected in both the whole cell lysate and the supernatant media of HEK293T cells transfected with plasmids expressing bcIFNa through immunoblot assay. 26208754 4 70 theme spring 585:590 arg1 viremia 592:598 spring viremia 585:598 spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection 585:629 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that bcIFNa mRNA transcription level in all the selected tissues of black carp was greatly increased at 33 h post spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection. 26208754 6 71 theme bcIFNa-containing 905:921 arg1 media 935:939 the bcIFNa-containing conditioned media 901:939 the bcIFNa-containing conditioned media 901:939 EPC cells showed greatly increased antiviral ability when the cells were treated with the bcIFNa-containing conditioned media for 24 h before SVCV infection. 26208754 4 72 theme RT-PCR 442:447 arg1 analysis 449:456 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis 424:456 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis 424:456 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that bcIFNa mRNA transcription level in all the selected tissues of black carp was greatly increased at 33 h post spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection. 26208754 3 73 theme full-length 305:315 arg1 cDNA 317:320 The full-length cDNA 301:320 The full-length cDNA of bcIFNa gene 301:335 The full-length cDNA of bcIFNa gene consists of 783 nucleotides and the predicted bcIFNa protein contains 185 amino acids. 26208754 1 74 theme important 116:124 arg1 role 126:129 an important role 113:129 an important role 113:129 Type I interferons (IFNs) play an important role in the antiviral immune response in teleost fish. 27384988 6 0 theme glycosylation 648:660 arg1 Tunicamycin 610:620 Tunicamycin 610:620 Tunicamycin 610:620 Secretion was also inhibited by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport inhibitor Brefeldin A and by Tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation. 27384988 6 0 theme glycosylation 648:660 arg1 inhibitor 626:634 an inhibitor 623:634 an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation 623:660 Secretion was also inhibited by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport inhibitor Brefeldin A and by Tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation. 27384988 11 1 theme rpS3 1244:1247 arg1 rpS3 1244:1247 rpS3 1244:1247 rpS3 1244:1247 The results indicate that the Asn 165 residue of rpS3 is a critical site for N-linked glycosylation and passage through the ER-Golgi secretion pathway. 27384988 11 1 theme rpS3 1244:1247 arg1 residue 1233:1239 the Asn 165 residue 1221:1239 the Asn 165 residue of rpS3 1221:1247 The results indicate that the Asn 165 residue of rpS3 is a critical site for N-linked glycosylation and passage through the ER-Golgi secretion pathway. 27384988 11 1 theme rpS3 1244:1247 arg1 site 1263:1266 a critical site 1252:1266 a critical site for N-linked glycosylation and passage through the ER-Golgi secretion pathway 1252:1344 The results indicate that the Asn 165 residue of rpS3 is a critical site for N-linked glycosylation and passage through the ER-Golgi secretion pathway. 27384988 7 2 theme N-linked 663:670 arg1 glycosylation 672:684 N-linked glycosylation 663:684 N-linked glycosylation of rpS3 663:692 N-linked glycosylation of rpS3 was confirmed as necessary for rpS3 secretion into culture media via the ER-Golgi dependent pathway. 27384988 11 3 theme N-linked 1272:1279 arg1 glycosylation 1281:1293 N-linked glycosylation 1272:1293 N-linked glycosylation 1272:1293 The results indicate that the Asn 165 residue of rpS3 is a critical site for N-linked glycosylation and passage through the ER-Golgi secretion pathway. 27384988 4 4 theme spectrometry 341:352 arg1 analysis 354:361 mass spectrometry analysis 336:361 mass spectrometry analysis 336:361 Presently, mass spectrometry analysis revealed rpS3 to be glycosylated at the Asn165 residue. 27384988 1 5 theme 243 122:124 arg1 component 137:145 a 243 amino acid component 120:145 a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit 120:180 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) is a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit. 27384988 1 5 theme 243 122:124 arg1 S3 107:108 Ribosomal protein S3 89:108 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) 89:115 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) is a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit. 27384988 9 6 theme N165G 986:990 arg1 mutant 992:997 the N165G mutant 982:997 the N165G mutant of rpS3 982:1005 In addition, the N165G mutant of rpS3 displayed reduced secretion compared to the wild-type. 27384988 3 7 theme cancer 306:311 arg1 lines 318:322 cancer cell lines 306:322 cancer cell lines 306:322 RpS3 is secreted only in cancer cell lines. 27384988 6 8 link N-linked 639:646 arg1 glycosylation 648:660 N-linked glycosylation 639:660 N-linked glycosylation 639:660 Secretion was also inhibited by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport inhibitor Brefeldin A and by Tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation. 27384988 4 9 theme mass 336:339 arg1 analysis 354:361 mass spectrometry analysis 336:361 mass spectrometry analysis 336:361 Presently, mass spectrometry analysis revealed rpS3 to be glycosylated at the Asn165 residue. 27384988 4 10 gly glycosylated 383:394 arg2 residue 410:416 the Asn165 residue 399:416 the Asn165 residue 399:416 Presently, mass spectrometry analysis revealed rpS3 to be glycosylated at the Asn165 residue. 27384988 10 11 theme N-terminal 1130:1139 arg1 rpS3:1-85 1149:1157 rpS3:1-85 1149:1157 rpS3:1-85 1149:1157 An in vitro binding assay detected rpS3 homodimer formation via the N-terminal region (rpS3:1-85) and a middle region (rpS3:95-158). 27384988 10 11 theme N-terminal 1130:1139 arg1 region 1141:1146 the N-terminal region 1126:1146 the N-terminal region (rpS3:1-85) 1126:1158 An in vitro binding assay detected rpS3 homodimer formation via the N-terminal region (rpS3:1-85) and a middle region (rpS3:95-158). 27384988 3 12 theme cell 313:316 arg1 lines 318:322 cancer cell lines 306:322 cancer cell lines 306:322 RpS3 is secreted only in cancer cell lines. 27384988 7 13 link N-linked 663:670 arg1 glycosylation 672:684 N-linked glycosylation 663:684 N-linked glycosylation of rpS3 663:692 N-linked glycosylation of rpS3 was confirmed as necessary for rpS3 secretion into culture media via the ER-Golgi dependent pathway. 27384988 8 14 theme lectin 848:853 arg1 A 822:822 Concanavalin A 809:822 Concanavalin A 809:822 RpS3 bound to Concanavalin A, a carbohydrate binding lectin protein, while treatment with peptide-N-glycosidase F shifted the secreted rpS3 to a lower molecular weight band. 27384988 8 14 theme lectin 848:853 arg1 protein 855:861 a carbohydrate binding lectin protein 825:861 a carbohydrate binding lectin protein 825:861 RpS3 bound to Concanavalin A, a carbohydrate binding lectin protein, while treatment with peptide-N-glycosidase F shifted the secreted rpS3 to a lower molecular weight band. 27384988 6 15 theme N-linked 639:646 arg1 glycosylation 648:660 N-linked glycosylation 639:660 N-linked glycosylation 639:660 Secretion was also inhibited by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport inhibitor Brefeldin A and by Tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation. 27384988 11 16 theme ER-Golgi 1319:1326 arg1 pathway 1338:1344 the ER-Golgi secretion pathway 1315:1344 the ER-Golgi secretion pathway 1315:1344 The results indicate that the Asn 165 residue of rpS3 is a critical site for N-linked glycosylation and passage through the ER-Golgi secretion pathway. 27384988 8 17 theme Concanavalin 809:820 arg1 A 822:822 Concanavalin A 809:822 Concanavalin A 809:822 RpS3 bound to Concanavalin A, a carbohydrate binding lectin protein, while treatment with peptide-N-glycosidase F shifted the secreted rpS3 to a lower molecular weight band. 27384988 8 17 theme Concanavalin 809:820 arg1 protein 855:861 a carbohydrate binding lectin protein 825:861 a carbohydrate binding lectin protein 825:861 RpS3 bound to Concanavalin A, a carbohydrate binding lectin protein, while treatment with peptide-N-glycosidase F shifted the secreted rpS3 to a lower molecular weight band. 27384988 0 18 dep glycosylated 75:86 arg1 N-linked 66:73 N-linked 66:73 N-linked 66:73 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) secreted from various cancer cells is N-linked glycosylated. 27384988 7 19 theme rpS3 689:692 arg1 glycosylation 672:684 N-linked glycosylation 663:684 N-linked glycosylation of rpS3 663:692 N-linked glycosylation of rpS3 was confirmed as necessary for rpS3 secretion into culture media via the ER-Golgi dependent pathway. 27384988 1 20 theme amino 126:130 arg1 component 137:145 a 243 amino acid component 120:145 a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit 120:180 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) is a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit. 27384988 1 20 theme amino 126:130 arg1 S3 107:108 Ribosomal protein S3 89:108 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) 89:115 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) is a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit. 27384988 10 21 theme rpS3 1097:1100 arg1 formation 1112:1120 rpS3 homodimer formation 1097:1120 rpS3 homodimer formation 1097:1120 An in vitro binding assay detected rpS3 homodimer formation via the N-terminal region (rpS3:1-85) and a middle region (rpS3:95-158). 27384988 10 22 dep in 1065:1066 arg1 vitro 1068:1072 vitro 1068:1072 vitro 1068:1072 An in vitro binding assay detected rpS3 homodimer formation via the N-terminal region (rpS3:1-85) and a middle region (rpS3:95-158). 27384988 11 23 theme Asn 1225:1227 arg1 rpS3 1244:1247 rpS3 1244:1247 rpS3 1244:1247 The results indicate that the Asn 165 residue of rpS3 is a critical site for N-linked glycosylation and passage through the ER-Golgi secretion pathway. 27384988 11 23 theme Asn 1225:1227 arg1 residue 1233:1239 the Asn 165 residue 1221:1239 the Asn 165 residue of rpS3 1221:1247 The results indicate that the Asn 165 residue of rpS3 is a critical site for N-linked glycosylation and passage through the ER-Golgi secretion pathway. 27384988 11 23 theme Asn 1225:1227 arg1 site 1263:1266 a critical site 1252:1266 a critical site for N-linked glycosylation and passage through the ER-Golgi secretion pathway 1252:1344 The results indicate that the Asn 165 residue of rpS3 is a critical site for N-linked glycosylation and passage through the ER-Golgi secretion pathway. 27384988 8 24 theme lower 940:944 arg1 weight 956:961 a lower molecular weight 938:961 a lower molecular weight band 938:966 RpS3 bound to Concanavalin A, a carbohydrate binding lectin protein, while treatment with peptide-N-glycosidase F shifted the secreted rpS3 to a lower molecular weight band. 27384988 6 25 theme endoplasmic 538:548 arg1 ER 561:562 ER 561:562 ER 561:562 Secretion was also inhibited by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport inhibitor Brefeldin A and by Tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation. 27384988 6 25 theme endoplasmic 538:548 arg1 reticulum 550:558 endoplasmic reticulum 538:558 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport inhibitor Brefeldin A 534:601 Secretion was also inhibited by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport inhibitor Brefeldin A and by Tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation. 27384988 11 26 theme secretion 1328:1336 arg1 pathway 1338:1344 the ER-Golgi secretion pathway 1315:1344 the ER-Golgi secretion pathway 1315:1344 The results indicate that the Asn 165 residue of rpS3 is a critical site for N-linked glycosylation and passage through the ER-Golgi secretion pathway. 27384988 1 27 theme acid 132:135 arg1 component 137:145 a 243 amino acid component 120:145 a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit 120:180 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) is a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit. 27384988 1 27 theme acid 132:135 arg1 S3 107:108 Ribosomal protein S3 89:108 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) 89:115 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) is a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit. 27384988 0 28 theme protein 10:16 arg1 S3 18:19 Ribosomal protein S3 0:19 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) secreted from various cancer cells 0:61 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) secreted from various cancer cells is N-linked glycosylated. 27384988 0 28 theme protein 10:16 arg1 rpS3 22:25 rpS3 22:25 rpS3 22:25 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) secreted from various cancer cells is N-linked glycosylated. 27384988 10 29 theme in 1065:1066 arg1 assay 1082:1086 An in vitro binding assay 1062:1086 An in vitro binding assay 1062:1086 An in vitro binding assay detected rpS3 homodimer formation via the N-terminal region (rpS3:1-85) and a middle region (rpS3:95-158). 27384988 8 30 theme binding 840:846 arg1 A 822:822 Concanavalin A 809:822 Concanavalin A 809:822 RpS3 bound to Concanavalin A, a carbohydrate binding lectin protein, while treatment with peptide-N-glycosidase F shifted the secreted rpS3 to a lower molecular weight band. 27384988 8 30 theme binding 840:846 arg1 protein 855:861 a carbohydrate binding lectin protein 825:861 a carbohydrate binding lectin protein 825:861 RpS3 bound to Concanavalin A, a carbohydrate binding lectin protein, while treatment with peptide-N-glycosidase F shifted the secreted rpS3 to a lower molecular weight band. 27384988 9 31 theme reduced 1017:1023 arg1 secretion 1025:1033 reduced secretion 1017:1033 reduced secretion 1017:1033 In addition, the N165G mutant of rpS3 displayed reduced secretion compared to the wild-type. 27384988 5 32 from secretion 462:470 arg1 lines 495:499 cancer cell lines 483:499 cancer cell lines 483:499 A point mutation at this residue decreased secretion of rpS3 in cancer cell lines. 27384988 0 33 theme Ribosomal 0:8 arg1 S3 18:19 Ribosomal protein S3 0:19 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) secreted from various cancer cells 0:61 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) secreted from various cancer cells is N-linked glycosylated. 27384988 0 33 theme Ribosomal 0:8 arg1 rpS3 22:25 rpS3 22:25 rpS3 22:25 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) secreted from various cancer cells is N-linked glycosylated. 27384988 7 34 theme culture 745:751 arg1 media 753:757 culture media 745:757 culture media 745:757 N-linked glycosylation of rpS3 was confirmed as necessary for rpS3 secretion into culture media via the ER-Golgi dependent pathway. 27384988 8 35 theme weight 956:961 arg1 band 963:966 a lower molecular weight band 938:966 a lower molecular weight band 938:966 RpS3 bound to Concanavalin A, a carbohydrate binding lectin protein, while treatment with peptide-N-glycosidase F shifted the secreted rpS3 to a lower molecular weight band. 27384988 2 36 theme DNA 269:271 arg1 repair 273:278 DNA repair 269:278 DNA repair 269:278 It has multiple roles in translation and extra-ribosomal functions like apoptosis and DNA repair. 27384988 2 37 from roles 199:203 arg1 translation 208:218 translation 208:218 translation 208:218 It has multiple roles in translation and extra-ribosomal functions like apoptosis and DNA repair. 27384988 8 38 with treatment 870:878 arg1 F 907:907 peptide-N-glycosidase F 885:907 peptide-N-glycosidase F 885:907 RpS3 bound to Concanavalin A, a carbohydrate binding lectin protein, while treatment with peptide-N-glycosidase F shifted the secreted rpS3 to a lower molecular weight band. 27384988 11 39 theme 165 1229:1231 arg1 rpS3 1244:1247 rpS3 1244:1247 rpS3 1244:1247 The results indicate that the Asn 165 residue of rpS3 is a critical site for N-linked glycosylation and passage through the ER-Golgi secretion pathway. 27384988 11 39 theme 165 1229:1231 arg1 residue 1233:1239 the Asn 165 residue 1221:1239 the Asn 165 residue of rpS3 1221:1247 The results indicate that the Asn 165 residue of rpS3 is a critical site for N-linked glycosylation and passage through the ER-Golgi secretion pathway. 27384988 11 39 theme 165 1229:1231 arg1 site 1263:1266 a critical site 1252:1266 a critical site for N-linked glycosylation and passage through the ER-Golgi secretion pathway 1252:1344 The results indicate that the Asn 165 residue of rpS3 is a critical site for N-linked glycosylation and passage through the ER-Golgi secretion pathway. 27384988 8 40 theme molecular 946:954 arg1 weight 956:961 a lower molecular weight 938:961 a lower molecular weight band 938:966 RpS3 bound to Concanavalin A, a carbohydrate binding lectin protein, while treatment with peptide-N-glycosidase F shifted the secreted rpS3 to a lower molecular weight band. 27384988 7 41 gly glycosylation 672:684 arg1 rpS3 689:692 rpS3 689:692 rpS3 689:692 N-linked glycosylation of rpS3 was confirmed as necessary for rpS3 secretion into culture media via the ER-Golgi dependent pathway. 27384988 0 42 gly glycosylated 75:86 arg1 S3 18:19 Ribosomal protein S3 0:19 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) secreted from various cancer cells 0:61 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) secreted from various cancer cells is N-linked glycosylated. 27384988 0 42 gly glycosylated 75:86 arg1 rpS3 22:25 rpS3 22:25 rpS3 22:25 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) secreted from various cancer cells is N-linked glycosylated. 27384988 2 43 theme extra-ribosomal 224:238 arg1 functions 240:248 extra-ribosomal functions 224:248 extra-ribosomal functions like apoptosis and DNA repair 224:278 It has multiple roles in translation and extra-ribosomal functions like apoptosis and DNA repair. 27384988 1 44 theme Ribosomal 89:97 arg1 component 137:145 a 243 amino acid component 120:145 a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit 120:180 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) is a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit. 27384988 1 44 theme Ribosomal 89:97 arg1 rpS3 111:114 rpS3 111:114 rpS3 111:114 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) is a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit. 27384988 1 44 theme Ribosomal 89:97 arg1 S3 107:108 Ribosomal protein S3 89:108 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) 89:115 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) is a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit. 27384988 5 45 theme point 421:425 arg1 mutation 427:434 A point mutation 419:434 A point mutation at this residue 419:450 A point mutation at this residue decreased secretion of rpS3 in cancer cell lines. 27384988 1 46 theme 40S 154:156 arg1 subunit 174:180 the 40S ribosomal small subunit 150:180 the 40S ribosomal small subunit 150:180 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) is a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit. 27384988 8 47 theme secreted 921:928 arg1 rpS3 930:933 the secreted rpS3 917:933 the secreted rpS3 917:933 RpS3 bound to Concanavalin A, a carbohydrate binding lectin protein, while treatment with peptide-N-glycosidase F shifted the secreted rpS3 to a lower molecular weight band. 27384988 9 48 theme rpS3 1002:1005 arg1 mutant 992:997 the N165G mutant 982:997 the N165G mutant of rpS3 982:1005 In addition, the N165G mutant of rpS3 displayed reduced secretion compared to the wild-type. 27384988 6 49 theme transport 571:579 arg1 A 601:601 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport inhibitor Brefeldin A 534:601 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport inhibitor Brefeldin A 534:601 Secretion was also inhibited by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport inhibitor Brefeldin A and by Tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation. 27384988 1 50 theme ribosomal 158:166 arg1 subunit 174:180 the 40S ribosomal small subunit 150:180 the 40S ribosomal small subunit 150:180 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) is a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit. 27384988 5 51 theme cancer 483:488 arg1 lines 495:499 cancer cell lines 483:499 cancer cell lines 483:499 A point mutation at this residue decreased secretion of rpS3 in cancer cell lines. 27384988 1 52 theme small 168:172 arg1 subunit 174:180 the 40S ribosomal small subunit 150:180 the 40S ribosomal small subunit 150:180 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) is a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit. 27384988 11 53 theme critical 1254:1261 arg1 rpS3 1244:1247 rpS3 1244:1247 rpS3 1244:1247 The results indicate that the Asn 165 residue of rpS3 is a critical site for N-linked glycosylation and passage through the ER-Golgi secretion pathway. 27384988 11 53 theme critical 1254:1261 arg1 residue 1233:1239 the Asn 165 residue 1221:1239 the Asn 165 residue of rpS3 1221:1247 The results indicate that the Asn 165 residue of rpS3 is a critical site for N-linked glycosylation and passage through the ER-Golgi secretion pathway. 27384988 11 53 theme critical 1254:1261 arg1 site 1263:1266 a critical site 1252:1266 a critical site for N-linked glycosylation and passage through the ER-Golgi secretion pathway 1252:1344 The results indicate that the Asn 165 residue of rpS3 is a critical site for N-linked glycosylation and passage through the ER-Golgi secretion pathway. 27384988 7 54 theme rpS3 725:728 arg1 secretion 730:738 rpS3 secretion 725:738 rpS3 secretion into culture media via the ER-Golgi dependent pathway 725:792 N-linked glycosylation of rpS3 was confirmed as necessary for rpS3 secretion into culture media via the ER-Golgi dependent pathway. 27384988 4 55 theme Asn165 403:408 arg1 residue 410:416 the Asn165 residue 399:416 the Asn165 residue 399:416 Presently, mass spectrometry analysis revealed rpS3 to be glycosylated at the Asn165 residue. 27384988 5 56 theme cell 490:493 arg1 lines 495:499 cancer cell lines 483:499 cancer cell lines 483:499 A point mutation at this residue decreased secretion of rpS3 in cancer cell lines. 27384988 1 57 theme protein 99:105 arg1 component 137:145 a 243 amino acid component 120:145 a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit 120:180 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) is a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit. 27384988 1 57 theme protein 99:105 arg1 rpS3 111:114 rpS3 111:114 rpS3 111:114 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) is a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit. 27384988 1 57 theme protein 99:105 arg1 S3 107:108 Ribosomal protein S3 89:108 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) 89:115 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) is a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit. 27384988 10 58 theme binding 1074:1080 arg1 assay 1082:1086 An in vitro binding assay 1062:1086 An in vitro binding assay 1062:1086 An in vitro binding assay detected rpS3 homodimer formation via the N-terminal region (rpS3:1-85) and a middle region (rpS3:95-158). 27384988 8 59 theme carbohydrate 827:838 arg1 A 822:822 Concanavalin A 809:822 Concanavalin A 809:822 RpS3 bound to Concanavalin A, a carbohydrate binding lectin protein, while treatment with peptide-N-glycosidase F shifted the secreted rpS3 to a lower molecular weight band. 27384988 8 59 theme carbohydrate 827:838 arg1 protein 855:861 a carbohydrate binding lectin protein 825:861 a carbohydrate binding lectin protein 825:861 RpS3 bound to Concanavalin A, a carbohydrate binding lectin protein, while treatment with peptide-N-glycosidase F shifted the secreted rpS3 to a lower molecular weight band. 27384988 11 60 link N-linked 1272:1279 arg1 glycosylation 1281:1293 N-linked glycosylation 1272:1293 N-linked glycosylation 1272:1293 The results indicate that the Asn 165 residue of rpS3 is a critical site for N-linked glycosylation and passage through the ER-Golgi secretion pathway. 27384988 5 61 from residue 444:450 arg1 mutation 427:434 A point mutation 419:434 A point mutation at this residue 419:450 A point mutation at this residue decreased secretion of rpS3 in cancer cell lines. 27384988 6 62 theme Brefeldin 591:599 arg1 A 601:601 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport inhibitor Brefeldin A 534:601 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport inhibitor Brefeldin A 534:601 Secretion was also inhibited by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport inhibitor Brefeldin A and by Tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation. 27384988 1 63 theme subunit 174:180 arg1 component 137:145 a 243 amino acid component 120:145 a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit 120:180 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) is a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit. 27384988 1 63 theme subunit 174:180 arg1 S3 107:108 Ribosomal protein S3 89:108 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) 89:115 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) is a 243 amino acid component of the 40S ribosomal small subunit. 27384988 8 64 theme peptide-N-glycosidase 885:905 arg1 F 907:907 peptide-N-glycosidase F 885:907 peptide-N-glycosidase F 885:907 RpS3 bound to Concanavalin A, a carbohydrate binding lectin protein, while treatment with peptide-N-glycosidase F shifted the secreted rpS3 to a lower molecular weight band. 27384988 7 65 theme dependent 776:784 arg1 pathway 786:792 the ER-Golgi dependent pathway 763:792 the ER-Golgi dependent pathway 763:792 N-linked glycosylation of rpS3 was confirmed as necessary for rpS3 secretion into culture media via the ER-Golgi dependent pathway. 27384988 6 66 theme inhibitor 581:589 arg1 A 601:601 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport inhibitor Brefeldin A 534:601 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport inhibitor Brefeldin A 534:601 Secretion was also inhibited by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport inhibitor Brefeldin A and by Tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation. 27384988 0 67 theme cancer 50:55 arg1 cells 57:61 various cancer cells 42:61 various cancer cells 42:61 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) secreted from various cancer cells is N-linked glycosylated. 27384988 10 68 theme middle 1166:1171 arg1 region 1173:1178 a middle region 1164:1178 a middle region (rpS3:95-158) 1164:1192 An in vitro binding assay detected rpS3 homodimer formation via the N-terminal region (rpS3:1-85) and a middle region (rpS3:95-158). 27384988 10 68 theme middle 1166:1171 arg1 rpS3:95-158 1181:1191 rpS3:95-158 1181:1191 rpS3:95-158 1181:1191 An in vitro binding assay detected rpS3 homodimer formation via the N-terminal region (rpS3:1-85) and a middle region (rpS3:95-158). 27384988 2 69 from functions 240:248 arg1 translation 208:218 translation 208:218 translation 208:218 It has multiple roles in translation and extra-ribosomal functions like apoptosis and DNA repair. 27384988 10 70 theme homodimer 1102:1110 arg1 formation 1112:1120 rpS3 homodimer formation 1097:1120 rpS3 homodimer formation 1097:1120 An in vitro binding assay detected rpS3 homodimer formation via the N-terminal region (rpS3:1-85) and a middle region (rpS3:95-158). 27384988 0 71 theme various 42:48 arg1 cells 57:61 various cancer cells 42:61 various cancer cells 42:61 Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) secreted from various cancer cells is N-linked glycosylated. 27384988 2 72 theme multiple 190:197 arg1 roles 199:203 multiple roles 190:203 multiple roles in translation 190:218 It has multiple roles in translation and extra-ribosomal functions like apoptosis and DNA repair. 27384988 5 73 theme rpS3 475:478 arg1 secretion 462:470 secretion 462:470 secretion of rpS3 in cancer cell lines 462:499 A point mutation at this residue decreased secretion of rpS3 in cancer cell lines. 27384988 6 74 theme reticulum 550:558 arg1 A 601:601 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport inhibitor Brefeldin A 534:601 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport inhibitor Brefeldin A 534:601 Secretion was also inhibited by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport inhibitor Brefeldin A and by Tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation. 27384988 6 75 theme -Golgi 564:569 arg1 A 601:601 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport inhibitor Brefeldin A 534:601 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport inhibitor Brefeldin A 534:601 Secretion was also inhibited by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport inhibitor Brefeldin A and by Tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation. 27384988 2 76 contain has 186:188 arg1 It 183:184 It 183:184 It 183:184 It has multiple roles in translation and extra-ribosomal functions like apoptosis and DNA repair. 27384988 2 76 contain has 186:188 arg2 roles 199:203 multiple roles 190:203 multiple roles in translation 190:218 It has multiple roles in translation and extra-ribosomal functions like apoptosis and DNA repair. 27384988 2 76 contain has 186:188 arg2 functions 240:248 extra-ribosomal functions 224:248 extra-ribosomal functions like apoptosis and DNA repair 224:278 It has multiple roles in translation and extra-ribosomal functions like apoptosis and DNA repair. 25830354 0 0 theme virus 93:97 arg1 type 99:102 herpes simplex virus type 1 78:104 herpes simplex virus type 1 78:104 A strategy for O-glycoproteomics of enveloped viruses--the O-glycoproteome of herpes simplex virus type 1. 25830354 2 1 theme herpes 512:517 arg1 model 553:557 a model 551:557 a model 551:557 Here, we present a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy for O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model. 25830354 2 1 theme herpes 512:517 arg1 type 533:536 herpes simplex virus type 1 512:538 herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) 512:546 Here, we present a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy for O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model. 25830354 2 1 theme herpes 512:517 arg1 HSV-1 541:545 HSV-1 541:545 HSV-1 541:545 Here, we present a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy for O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model. 25830354 6 2 theme precise 997:1003 arg1 editing 1010:1016 precise gene editing 997:1016 precise gene editing 997:1016 With the use of precise gene editing, we further demonstrate that elongated O-glycans are essential for HSV-1 in human HaCaT keratinocytes, where HSV-1 produced markedly lower viral titers in HaCaT with abrogated O-glycans compared to the isogenic counterpart with normal O-glycans. 25830354 0 3 theme simplex 85:91 arg1 type 99:102 herpes simplex virus type 1 78:104 herpes simplex virus type 1 78:104 A strategy for O-glycoproteomics of enveloped viruses--the O-glycoproteome of herpes simplex virus type 1. 25830354 2 4 from sites 473:477 arg1 proteins 497:504 viral envelope proteins 482:504 viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model 482:557 Here, we present a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy for O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model. 25830354 1 5 theme functions 251:259 arg1 knowledge 234:242 our current knowledge 222:242 our current knowledge of the functions of glycosylation 222:276 Glycosylation of viral envelope proteins is important for infectivity and interaction with host immunity, however, our current knowledge of the functions of glycosylation is largely limited to N-glycosylation because it is difficult to predict and identify site-specific O-glycosylation. 25830354 6 6 theme isogenic 1220:1227 arg1 counterpart 1229:1239 the isogenic counterpart 1216:1239 the isogenic counterpart 1216:1239 With the use of precise gene editing, we further demonstrate that elongated O-glycans are essential for HSV-1 in human HaCaT keratinocytes, where HSV-1 produced markedly lower viral titers in HaCaT with abrogated O-glycans compared to the isogenic counterpart with normal O-glycans. 25830354 4 7 theme immune 757:762 arg1 cells 764:768 immune cells 757:768 immune cells 757:768 Two of the identified glycosites found in glycoprotein B were previously implicated in virus attachment to immune cells. 25830354 6 8 from HSV-1 1085:1089 arg1 keratinocytes 1106:1118 human HaCaT keratinocytes 1094:1118 human HaCaT keratinocytes 1094:1118 With the use of precise gene editing, we further demonstrate that elongated O-glycans are essential for HSV-1 in human HaCaT keratinocytes, where HSV-1 produced markedly lower viral titers in HaCaT with abrogated O-glycans compared to the isogenic counterpart with normal O-glycans. 25830354 0 9 theme type 99:102 arg1 O-glycoproteome 59:73 enveloped viruses--the O-glycoproteome 36:73 enveloped viruses--the O-glycoproteome of herpes simplex virus type 1 36:104 A strategy for O-glycoproteomics of enveloped viruses--the O-glycoproteome of herpes simplex virus type 1. 25830354 5 10 gly glycoproteins 866:878 arg1 glycoproteins 866:878 glycoproteins 866:878 glycoproteins with truncated O-glycans 866:903 We show that HSV-1 infection distorts the secretory pathway and that infected cells accumulate glycoproteins with truncated O-glycans, nonetheless retaining the ability to elongate most of the surface glycans. 25830354 1 11 theme glycosylation 264:276 arg1 functions 251:259 the functions 247:259 the functions of glycosylation 247:276 Glycosylation of viral envelope proteins is important for infectivity and interaction with host immunity, however, our current knowledge of the functions of glycosylation is largely limited to N-glycosylation because it is difficult to predict and identify site-specific O-glycosylation. 25830354 1 12 gly Glycosylation 107:119 arg1 proteins 139:146 viral envelope proteins 124:146 viral envelope proteins 124:146 Glycosylation of viral envelope proteins is important for infectivity and interaction with host immunity, however, our current knowledge of the functions of glycosylation is largely limited to N-glycosylation because it is difficult to predict and identify site-specific O-glycosylation. 25830354 1 13 theme site-specific 364:376 arg1 O-glycosylation 378:392 site-specific O-glycosylation 364:392 site-specific O-glycosylation 364:392 Glycosylation of viral envelope proteins is important for infectivity and interaction with host immunity, however, our current knowledge of the functions of glycosylation is largely limited to N-glycosylation because it is difficult to predict and identify site-specific O-glycosylation. 25830354 6 14 from titers 1163:1168 arg1 HaCaT 1173:1177 HaCaT 1173:1177 HaCaT 1173:1177 With the use of precise gene editing, we further demonstrate that elongated O-glycans are essential for HSV-1 in human HaCaT keratinocytes, where HSV-1 produced markedly lower viral titers in HaCaT with abrogated O-glycans compared to the isogenic counterpart with normal O-glycans. 25830354 5 15 theme HSV-1 784:788 arg1 infection 790:798 HSV-1 infection 784:798 HSV-1 infection 784:798 We show that HSV-1 infection distorts the secretory pathway and that infected cells accumulate glycoproteins with truncated O-glycans, nonetheless retaining the ability to elongate most of the surface glycans. 25830354 4 16 located found 683:687 arg1 B 705:705 glycoprotein B 692:705 glycoprotein B 692:705 Two of the identified glycosites found in glycoprotein B were previously implicated in virus attachment to immune cells. 25830354 4 16 located found 683:687 arg2 glycosites 672:681 the identified glycosites 657:681 the identified glycosites found in glycoprotein B 657:705 Two of the identified glycosites found in glycoprotein B were previously implicated in virus attachment to immune cells. 25830354 3 17 link O-linked 577:584 arg1 sites 600:604 74 O-linked glycosylation sites 574:604 74 O-linked glycosylation sites 574:604 We identified 74 O-linked glycosylation sites on 8 out of the 12 HSV-1 envelope proteins. 25830354 2 18 theme virus 527:531 arg1 model 553:557 a model 551:557 a model 551:557 Here, we present a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy for O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model. 25830354 2 18 theme virus 527:531 arg1 type 533:536 herpes simplex virus type 1 512:538 herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) 512:546 Here, we present a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy for O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model. 25830354 2 18 theme virus 527:531 arg1 HSV-1 541:545 HSV-1 541:545 HSV-1 541:545 Here, we present a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy for O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model. 25830354 6 19 theme viral 1157:1161 arg1 titers 1163:1168 markedly lower viral titers 1142:1168 markedly lower viral titers in HaCaT 1142:1177 With the use of precise gene editing, we further demonstrate that elongated O-glycans are essential for HSV-1 in human HaCaT keratinocytes, where HSV-1 produced markedly lower viral titers in HaCaT with abrogated O-glycans compared to the isogenic counterpart with normal O-glycans. 25830354 2 20 theme O-glycosylation 457:471 arg1 sites 473:477 O-glycosylation sites 457:477 O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model 457:557 Here, we present a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy for O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model. 25830354 6 21 theme normal 1246:1251 arg1 O-glycans 1253:1261 normal O-glycans 1246:1261 normal O-glycans 1246:1261 With the use of precise gene editing, we further demonstrate that elongated O-glycans are essential for HSV-1 in human HaCaT keratinocytes, where HSV-1 produced markedly lower viral titers in HaCaT with abrogated O-glycans compared to the isogenic counterpart with normal O-glycans. 25830354 6 22 theme lower 1151:1155 arg1 titers 1163:1168 markedly lower viral titers 1142:1168 markedly lower viral titers in HaCaT 1142:1177 With the use of precise gene editing, we further demonstrate that elongated O-glycans are essential for HSV-1 in human HaCaT keratinocytes, where HSV-1 produced markedly lower viral titers in HaCaT with abrogated O-glycans compared to the isogenic counterpart with normal O-glycans. 25830354 1 23 theme host 198:201 arg1 immunity 203:210 host immunity 198:210 host immunity 198:210 Glycosylation of viral envelope proteins is important for infectivity and interaction with host immunity, however, our current knowledge of the functions of glycosylation is largely limited to N-glycosylation because it is difficult to predict and identify site-specific O-glycosylation. 25830354 4 24 gly glycoprotein 692:703 arg1 glycoprotein 692:703 glycoprotein B 692:705 glycoprotein B 692:705 Two of the identified glycosites found in glycoprotein B were previously implicated in virus attachment to immune cells. 25830354 2 25 theme discovery 434:442 arg1 strategy 444:451 a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy 412:451 a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy for O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model 412:557 Here, we present a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy for O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model. 25830354 5 26 theme secretory 813:821 arg1 pathway 823:829 the secretory pathway 809:829 the secretory pathway 809:829 We show that HSV-1 infection distorts the secretory pathway and that infected cells accumulate glycoproteins with truncated O-glycans, nonetheless retaining the ability to elongate most of the surface glycans. 25830354 3 27 theme envelope 631:638 arg1 proteins 640:647 the 12 HSV-1 envelope proteins 618:647 the 12 HSV-1 envelope proteins 618:647 We identified 74 O-linked glycosylation sites on 8 out of the 12 HSV-1 envelope proteins. 25830354 4 28 theme virus 737:741 arg1 attachment 743:752 virus attachment 737:752 virus attachment to immune cells 737:768 Two of the identified glycosites found in glycoprotein B were previously implicated in virus attachment to immune cells. 25830354 2 29 theme viral 482:486 arg1 proteins 497:504 viral envelope proteins 482:504 viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model 482:557 Here, we present a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy for O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model. 25830354 2 30 theme proteome-wide 420:432 arg1 strategy 444:451 a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy 412:451 a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy for O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model 412:557 Here, we present a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy for O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model. 25830354 0 31 theme enveloped 36:44 arg1 O-glycoproteome 59:73 enveloped viruses--the O-glycoproteome 36:73 enveloped viruses--the O-glycoproteome of herpes simplex virus type 1 36:104 A strategy for O-glycoproteomics of enveloped viruses--the O-glycoproteome of herpes simplex virus type 1. 25830354 4 32 theme glycoprotein 692:703 arg1 B 705:705 glycoprotein B 692:705 glycoprotein B 692:705 Two of the identified glycosites found in glycoprotein B were previously implicated in virus attachment to immune cells. 25830354 7 33 theme unbiased 1449:1456 arg1 discovery 1458:1466 unbiased discovery 1449:1466 unbiased discovery 1449:1466 The roles of O-linked glycosylation for viral entry, formation, secretion, and immune recognition are poorly understood, and the O-glycoproteomics strategy presented here now opens for unbiased discovery on all enveloped viruses. 25830354 3 34 gly glycosylation 586:598 arg2 74 574:575 74 574:575 74 574:575 We identified 74 O-linked glycosylation sites on 8 out of the 12 HSV-1 envelope proteins. 25830354 3 34 gly glycosylation 586:598 arg2 sites 600:604 74 O-linked glycosylation sites 574:604 74 O-linked glycosylation sites 574:604 We identified 74 O-linked glycosylation sites on 8 out of the 12 HSV-1 envelope proteins. 25830354 7 35 theme viral 1304:1308 arg1 entry 1310:1314 viral entry 1304:1314 viral entry 1304:1314 The roles of O-linked glycosylation for viral entry, formation, secretion, and immune recognition are poorly understood, and the O-glycoproteomics strategy presented here now opens for unbiased discovery on all enveloped viruses. 25830354 2 36 theme novel 414:418 arg1 strategy 444:451 a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy 412:451 a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy for O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model 412:557 Here, we present a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy for O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model. 25830354 2 37 theme envelope 488:495 arg1 proteins 497:504 viral envelope proteins 482:504 viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model 482:557 Here, we present a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy for O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model. 25830354 7 38 theme enveloped 1475:1483 arg1 viruses 1485:1491 all enveloped viruses 1471:1491 all enveloped viruses 1471:1491 The roles of O-linked glycosylation for viral entry, formation, secretion, and immune recognition are poorly understood, and the O-glycoproteomics strategy presented here now opens for unbiased discovery on all enveloped viruses. 25830354 5 39 theme infected 840:847 arg1 cells 849:853 infected cells 840:853 infected cells 840:853 We show that HSV-1 infection distorts the secretory pathway and that infected cells accumulate glycoproteins with truncated O-glycans, nonetheless retaining the ability to elongate most of the surface glycans. 25830354 0 40 theme O-glycoproteome 59:73 arg1 O-glycoproteomics 15:31 O-glycoproteomics 15:31 O-glycoproteomics of enveloped viruses--the O-glycoproteome of herpes simplex virus type 1 15:104 A strategy for O-glycoproteomics of enveloped viruses--the O-glycoproteome of herpes simplex virus type 1. 25830354 5 41 theme truncated 885:893 arg1 O-glycans 895:903 truncated O-glycans 885:903 truncated O-glycans 885:903 We show that HSV-1 infection distorts the secretory pathway and that infected cells accumulate glycoproteins with truncated O-glycans, nonetheless retaining the ability to elongate most of the surface glycans. 25830354 5 42 with glycoproteins 866:878 arg1 O-glycans 895:903 truncated O-glycans 885:903 truncated O-glycans 885:903 We show that HSV-1 infection distorts the secretory pathway and that infected cells accumulate glycoproteins with truncated O-glycans, nonetheless retaining the ability to elongate most of the surface glycans. 25830354 3 43 theme HSV-1 625:629 arg1 proteins 640:647 the 12 HSV-1 envelope proteins 618:647 the 12 HSV-1 envelope proteins 618:647 We identified 74 O-linked glycosylation sites on 8 out of the 12 HSV-1 envelope proteins. 25830354 3 44 theme O-linked 577:584 arg1 sites 600:604 74 O-linked glycosylation sites 574:604 74 O-linked glycosylation sites 574:604 We identified 74 O-linked glycosylation sites on 8 out of the 12 HSV-1 envelope proteins. 25830354 6 45 theme HaCaT 1100:1104 arg1 keratinocytes 1106:1118 human HaCaT keratinocytes 1094:1118 human HaCaT keratinocytes 1094:1118 With the use of precise gene editing, we further demonstrate that elongated O-glycans are essential for HSV-1 in human HaCaT keratinocytes, where HSV-1 produced markedly lower viral titers in HaCaT with abrogated O-glycans compared to the isogenic counterpart with normal O-glycans. 25830354 7 46 theme O-linked 1277:1284 arg1 glycosylation 1286:1298 O-linked glycosylation 1277:1298 O-linked glycosylation 1277:1298 The roles of O-linked glycosylation for viral entry, formation, secretion, and immune recognition are poorly understood, and the O-glycoproteomics strategy presented here now opens for unbiased discovery on all enveloped viruses. 25830354 0 47 theme viruses--the 46:57 arg1 O-glycoproteome 59:73 enveloped viruses--the O-glycoproteome 36:73 enveloped viruses--the O-glycoproteome of herpes simplex virus type 1 36:104 A strategy for O-glycoproteomics of enveloped viruses--the O-glycoproteome of herpes simplex virus type 1. 25830354 4 48 gly glycosites 672:681 arg2 glycosites 672:681 the identified glycosites 657:681 the identified glycosites found in glycoprotein B 657:705 Two of the identified glycosites found in glycoprotein B were previously implicated in virus attachment to immune cells. 25830354 3 49 theme glycosylation 586:598 arg1 sites 600:604 74 O-linked glycosylation sites 574:604 74 O-linked glycosylation sites 574:604 We identified 74 O-linked glycosylation sites on 8 out of the 12 HSV-1 envelope proteins. 25830354 1 50 theme viral 124:128 arg1 proteins 139:146 viral envelope proteins 124:146 viral envelope proteins 124:146 Glycosylation of viral envelope proteins is important for infectivity and interaction with host immunity, however, our current knowledge of the functions of glycosylation is largely limited to N-glycosylation because it is difficult to predict and identify site-specific O-glycosylation. 25830354 7 51 theme immune 1343:1348 arg1 recognition 1350:1360 immune recognition 1343:1360 immune recognition 1343:1360 The roles of O-linked glycosylation for viral entry, formation, secretion, and immune recognition are poorly understood, and the O-glycoproteomics strategy presented here now opens for unbiased discovery on all enveloped viruses. 25830354 7 52 link O-linked 1277:1284 arg1 glycosylation 1286:1298 O-linked glycosylation 1277:1298 O-linked glycosylation 1277:1298 The roles of O-linked glycosylation for viral entry, formation, secretion, and immune recognition are poorly understood, and the O-glycoproteomics strategy presented here now opens for unbiased discovery on all enveloped viruses. 25830354 2 53 gly O-glycosylation 457:471 arg2 sites 473:477 O-glycosylation sites 457:477 O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model 457:557 Here, we present a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy for O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model. 25830354 1 54 theme envelope 130:137 arg1 proteins 139:146 viral envelope proteins 124:146 viral envelope proteins 124:146 Glycosylation of viral envelope proteins is important for infectivity and interaction with host immunity, however, our current knowledge of the functions of glycosylation is largely limited to N-glycosylation because it is difficult to predict and identify site-specific O-glycosylation. 25830354 7 55 theme O-glycoproteomics 1393:1409 arg1 strategy 1411:1418 the O-glycoproteomics strategy 1389:1418 the O-glycoproteomics strategy presented here 1389:1433 The roles of O-linked glycosylation for viral entry, formation, secretion, and immune recognition are poorly understood, and the O-glycoproteomics strategy presented here now opens for unbiased discovery on all enveloped viruses. 25830354 1 56 with interaction 181:191 arg1 immunity 203:210 host immunity 198:210 host immunity 198:210 Glycosylation of viral envelope proteins is important for infectivity and interaction with host immunity, however, our current knowledge of the functions of glycosylation is largely limited to N-glycosylation because it is difficult to predict and identify site-specific O-glycosylation. 25830354 7 57 theme glycosylation 1286:1298 arg1 roles 1268:1272 The roles 1264:1272 The roles of O-linked glycosylation for viral entry, formation, secretion, and immune recognition 1264:1360 The roles of O-linked glycosylation for viral entry, formation, secretion, and immune recognition are poorly understood, and the O-glycoproteomics strategy presented here now opens for unbiased discovery on all enveloped viruses. 25830354 5 58 theme surface 964:970 arg1 glycans 972:978 the surface glycans 960:978 the surface glycans 960:978 We show that HSV-1 infection distorts the secretory pathway and that infected cells accumulate glycoproteins with truncated O-glycans, nonetheless retaining the ability to elongate most of the surface glycans. 25830354 1 59 theme proteins 139:146 arg1 Glycosylation 107:119 Glycosylation 107:119 Glycosylation of viral envelope proteins 107:146 Glycosylation of viral envelope proteins is important for infectivity and interaction with host immunity, however, our current knowledge of the functions of glycosylation is largely limited to N-glycosylation because it is difficult to predict and identify site-specific O-glycosylation. 25830354 1 60 theme current 226:232 arg1 knowledge 234:242 our current knowledge 222:242 our current knowledge of the functions of glycosylation 222:276 Glycosylation of viral envelope proteins is important for infectivity and interaction with host immunity, however, our current knowledge of the functions of glycosylation is largely limited to N-glycosylation because it is difficult to predict and identify site-specific O-glycosylation. 25830354 0 61 theme herpes 78:83 arg1 type 99:102 herpes simplex virus type 1 78:104 herpes simplex virus type 1 78:104 A strategy for O-glycoproteomics of enveloped viruses--the O-glycoproteome of herpes simplex virus type 1. 25830354 6 62 theme human 1094:1098 arg1 keratinocytes 1106:1118 human HaCaT keratinocytes 1094:1118 human HaCaT keratinocytes 1094:1118 With the use of precise gene editing, we further demonstrate that elongated O-glycans are essential for HSV-1 in human HaCaT keratinocytes, where HSV-1 produced markedly lower viral titers in HaCaT with abrogated O-glycans compared to the isogenic counterpart with normal O-glycans. 25830354 6 63 theme elongated 1047:1055 arg1 O-glycans 1057:1065 elongated O-glycans 1047:1065 elongated O-glycans 1047:1065 With the use of precise gene editing, we further demonstrate that elongated O-glycans are essential for HSV-1 in human HaCaT keratinocytes, where HSV-1 produced markedly lower viral titers in HaCaT with abrogated O-glycans compared to the isogenic counterpart with normal O-glycans. 25830354 4 64 theme glycosites 672:681 arg1 Two 650:652 Two 650:652 Two 650:652 Two of the identified glycosites found in glycoprotein B were previously implicated in virus attachment to immune cells. 25830354 4 64 theme glycosites 672:681 arg1 glycosites 672:681 the identified glycosites 657:681 the identified glycosites found in glycoprotein B 657:705 Two of the identified glycosites found in glycoprotein B were previously implicated in virus attachment to immune cells. 25830354 6 65 theme editing 1010:1016 arg1 use 990:992 the use 986:992 the use of precise gene editing 986:1016 With the use of precise gene editing, we further demonstrate that elongated O-glycans are essential for HSV-1 in human HaCaT keratinocytes, where HSV-1 produced markedly lower viral titers in HaCaT with abrogated O-glycans compared to the isogenic counterpart with normal O-glycans. 25830354 2 66 theme simplex 519:525 arg1 model 553:557 a model 551:557 a model 551:557 Here, we present a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy for O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model. 25830354 2 66 theme simplex 519:525 arg1 type 533:536 herpes simplex virus type 1 512:538 herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) 512:546 Here, we present a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy for O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model. 25830354 2 66 theme simplex 519:525 arg1 HSV-1 541:545 HSV-1 541:545 HSV-1 541:545 Here, we present a novel proteome-wide discovery strategy for O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model. 25830354 6 67 theme abrogated 1184:1192 arg1 O-glycans 1194:1202 abrogated O-glycans 1184:1202 abrogated O-glycans compared to the isogenic counterpart with normal O-glycans 1184:1261 With the use of precise gene editing, we further demonstrate that elongated O-glycans are essential for HSV-1 in human HaCaT keratinocytes, where HSV-1 produced markedly lower viral titers in HaCaT with abrogated O-glycans compared to the isogenic counterpart with normal O-glycans. 25830354 4 68 theme identified 661:670 arg1 glycosites 672:681 the identified glycosites 657:681 the identified glycosites found in glycoprotein B 657:705 Two of the identified glycosites found in glycoprotein B were previously implicated in virus attachment to immune cells. 25830354 6 69 theme gene 1005:1008 arg1 editing 1010:1016 precise gene editing 997:1016 precise gene editing 997:1016 With the use of precise gene editing, we further demonstrate that elongated O-glycans are essential for HSV-1 in human HaCaT keratinocytes, where HSV-1 produced markedly lower viral titers in HaCaT with abrogated O-glycans compared to the isogenic counterpart with normal O-glycans. 27029430 4 0 theme streptozotocin-induced 767:788 arg1 rats 799:802 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats 767:802 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats 767:802 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 were assessed in the kidney cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 27029430 6 1 theme compensatory 1026:1037 arg1 increase 1039:1046 a compensatory increase 1024:1046 a compensatory increase of OGA 1024:1053 In proximal tubular cells, hyperglycemia-induced OGT expression led to increased O-GlcNAcylation, which was followed by a compensatory increase of OGA. 27029430 10 2 theme Akt/eNOS 1484:1491 arg1 phosphorylation 1493:1507 Akt/eNOS phosphorylation 1484:1507 Akt/eNOS phosphorylation 1484:1507 In conclusion, hyperglycemia-induced elevation of O-GlcNAcylation contributes to the progression of DN via inhibition of Akt/eNOS phosphorylation and HSP72 induction. 27029430 2 3 theme Akt-endothelial 345:359 arg1 eNOS 384:387 eNOS 384:387 eNOS 384:387 Here, we studied the process and enzymes of O-GlcNAcylation with a special emphasis on Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling. 27029430 2 3 theme Akt-endothelial 345:359 arg1 synthase 374:381 Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase 345:381 Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) 345:388 Here, we studied the process and enzymes of O-GlcNAcylation with a special emphasis on Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling. 27029430 4 4 theme rats 799:802 arg1 cortex 757:762 the kidney cortex 746:762 the kidney cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats 746:802 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 were assessed in the kidney cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 27029430 0 5 link O-linked 8:15 arg1 modification 37:48 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification 8:48 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification 8:48 Role of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification in diabetic nephropathy. 27029430 2 6 from emphasis 333:340 arg1 signaling 421:429 Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling 345:429 Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling 345:429 Here, we studied the process and enzymes of O-GlcNAcylation with a special emphasis on Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling. 27029430 10 7 theme induction 1519:1527 arg1 inhibition 1470:1479 inhibition 1470:1479 inhibition of Akt/eNOS phosphorylation and HSP72 induction 1470:1527 In conclusion, hyperglycemia-induced elevation of O-GlcNAcylation contributes to the progression of DN via inhibition of Akt/eNOS phosphorylation and HSP72 induction. 27029430 11 8 theme action 1637:1642 arg1 pathomechanism 1598:1611 a novel pathomechanism 1590:1611 a novel pathomechanism of their renoprotective action in the treatment of DN 1590:1665 RAAS blockers successfully inhibit this process, suggesting a novel pathomechanism of their renoprotective action in the treatment of DN. 27029430 11 9 theme RAAS 1530:1533 arg1 blockers 1535:1542 RAAS blockers 1530:1542 RAAS blockers 1530:1542 RAAS blockers successfully inhibit this process, suggesting a novel pathomechanism of their renoprotective action in the treatment of DN. 27029430 3 10 theme proximal 532:539 arg1 cells 555:559 proximal tubular (HK2) cells 532:559 proximal tubular (HK2) cells cultured in high glucose 532:584 Since tubular injury is the prominent site of DN, the effect of hyperglycemia was first measured in proximal tubular (HK2) cells cultured in high glucose. 27029430 8 11 gly O-GlcNAcylation 1154:1168 arg1 rats 1139:1142 diabetic rats 1130:1142 diabetic rats 1130:1142 In diabetic rats, elevated O-GlcNAcylation was accompanied by decreased OGT and OGA. 27029430 3 12 theme DN 478:479 arg1 DN 478:479 DN 478:479 DN 478:479 Since tubular injury is the prominent site of DN, the effect of hyperglycemia was first measured in proximal tubular (HK2) cells cultured in high glucose. 27029430 3 12 theme DN 478:479 arg1 site 470:473 the prominent site 456:473 the prominent site of DN 456:479 Since tubular injury is the prominent site of DN, the effect of hyperglycemia was first measured in proximal tubular (HK2) cells cultured in high glucose. 27029430 3 12 theme DN 478:479 arg1 injury 446:451 tubular injury 438:451 tubular injury 438:451 Since tubular injury is the prominent site of DN, the effect of hyperglycemia was first measured in proximal tubular (HK2) cells cultured in high glucose. 27029430 8 13 theme elevated 1145:1152 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1154:1168 elevated O-GlcNAcylation 1145:1168 elevated O-GlcNAcylation 1145:1168 In diabetic rats, elevated O-GlcNAcylation was accompanied by decreased OGT and OGA. 27029430 5 14 theme renin-angiotensin-aldosterone 828:856 arg1 RAAS 866:869 RAAS 866:869 RAAS 866:869 The effects of various renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors were also evaluated. 27029430 5 14 theme renin-angiotensin-aldosterone 828:856 arg1 system 858:863 renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 828:863 various renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors 820:881 The effects of various renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors were also evaluated. 27029430 4 15 theme O-GlcNAcase 661:671 arg1 levels 623:628 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels 587:628 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 587:727 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 were assessed in the kidney cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 27029430 3 16 theme high 573:576 arg1 glucose 578:584 high glucose 573:584 high glucose 573:584 Since tubular injury is the prominent site of DN, the effect of hyperglycemia was first measured in proximal tubular (HK2) cells cultured in high glucose. 27029430 1 17 from relevance 197:205 arg1 nephropathy 219:229 diabetic nephropathy 210:229 diabetic nephropathy (DN) 210:234 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a known contributor to diabetes; however, its relevance in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is poorly elucidated. 27029430 1 18 theme known 153:157 arg1 contributor 159:169 a known contributor 151:169 a known contributor to diabetes 151:181 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a known contributor to diabetes; however, its relevance in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is poorly elucidated. 27029430 1 18 theme known 153:157 arg1 glycosylation 116:128 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation 75:128 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) 75:146 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a known contributor to diabetes; however, its relevance in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is poorly elucidated. 27029430 4 19 theme O-GlcNAc 633:640 arg1 transferase 642:652 O-GlcNAc transferase 633:652 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) 633:658 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 were assessed in the kidney cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 27029430 4 19 theme O-GlcNAc 633:640 arg1 OGT 655:657 OGT 655:657 OGT 655:657 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 were assessed in the kidney cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 27029430 6 20 theme hyperglycemia-induced 931:951 arg1 expression 957:966 hyperglycemia-induced OGT expression 931:966 hyperglycemia-induced OGT expression 931:966 In proximal tubular cells, hyperglycemia-induced OGT expression led to increased O-GlcNAcylation, which was followed by a compensatory increase of OGA. 27029430 10 21 theme hyperglycemia-induced 1378:1398 arg1 elevation 1400:1408 hyperglycemia-induced elevation 1378:1408 hyperglycemia-induced elevation of O-GlcNAcylation 1378:1427 In conclusion, hyperglycemia-induced elevation of O-GlcNAcylation contributes to the progression of DN via inhibition of Akt/eNOS phosphorylation and HSP72 induction. 27029430 4 22 dep phosphorylated 680:693 arg1 p 696:696 p 696:696 p 696:696 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 were assessed in the kidney cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 27029430 0 23 from Role 0:3 arg1 nephropathy 62:72 diabetic nephropathy 53:72 diabetic nephropathy 53:72 Role of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification in diabetic nephropathy. 27029430 9 24 theme diabetes-induced 1240:1255 arg1 damage 1264:1269 diabetes-induced kidney damage 1240:1269 diabetes-induced kidney damage 1240:1269 RAAS inhibitors ameliorated diabetes-induced kidney damage and prevented the elevation of O-GlcNAcylation and the decrement of pAkt, peNOS, and HSP72. 27029430 1 25 theme Increased 75:83 arg1 contributor 159:169 a known contributor 151:169 a known contributor to diabetes 151:181 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a known contributor to diabetes; however, its relevance in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is poorly elucidated. 27029430 1 25 theme Increased 75:83 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 131:145 O-GlcNAcylation 131:145 O-GlcNAcylation 131:145 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a known contributor to diabetes; however, its relevance in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is poorly elucidated. 27029430 1 25 theme Increased 75:83 arg1 glycosylation 116:128 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation 75:128 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) 75:146 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a known contributor to diabetes; however, its relevance in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is poorly elucidated. 27029430 6 26 theme proximal 907:914 arg1 cells 924:928 proximal tubular cells 907:928 proximal tubular cells 907:928 In proximal tubular cells, hyperglycemia-induced OGT expression led to increased O-GlcNAcylation, which was followed by a compensatory increase of OGA. 27029430 1 27 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 94:114 arg1 contributor 159:169 a known contributor 151:169 a known contributor to diabetes 151:181 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a known contributor to diabetes; however, its relevance in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is poorly elucidated. 27029430 1 27 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 94:114 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 131:145 O-GlcNAcylation 131:145 O-GlcNAcylation 131:145 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a known contributor to diabetes; however, its relevance in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is poorly elucidated. 27029430 1 27 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 94:114 arg1 glycosylation 116:128 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation 75:128 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) 75:146 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a known contributor to diabetes; however, its relevance in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is poorly elucidated. 27029430 3 28 theme tubular 438:444 arg1 DN 478:479 DN 478:479 DN 478:479 Since tubular injury is the prominent site of DN, the effect of hyperglycemia was first measured in proximal tubular (HK2) cells cultured in high glucose. 27029430 3 28 theme tubular 438:444 arg1 site 470:473 the prominent site 456:473 the prominent site of DN 456:479 Since tubular injury is the prominent site of DN, the effect of hyperglycemia was first measured in proximal tubular (HK2) cells cultured in high glucose. 27029430 3 28 theme tubular 438:444 arg1 injury 446:451 tubular injury 438:451 tubular injury 438:451 Since tubular injury is the prominent site of DN, the effect of hyperglycemia was first measured in proximal tubular (HK2) cells cultured in high glucose. 27029430 0 29 theme O-linked 8:15 arg1 modification 37:48 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification 8:48 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification 8:48 Role of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification in diabetic nephropathy. 27029430 11 30 from pathomechanism 1598:1611 arg1 treatment 1651:1659 the treatment 1647:1659 the treatment of DN 1647:1665 RAAS blockers successfully inhibit this process, suggesting a novel pathomechanism of their renoprotective action in the treatment of DN. 27029430 4 31 theme HSP72 723:727 arg1 levels 623:628 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels 587:628 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 587:727 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 were assessed in the kidney cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 27029430 2 32 theme shock 399:403 arg1 HSP 414:416 HSP 414:416 HSP 414:416 Here, we studied the process and enzymes of O-GlcNAcylation with a special emphasis on Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling. 27029430 2 32 theme shock 399:403 arg1 protein 405:411 heat shock protein (HSP)72 394:419 heat shock protein (HSP)72 394:419 Here, we studied the process and enzymes of O-GlcNAcylation with a special emphasis on Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling. 27029430 0 33 theme modification 37:48 arg1 Role 0:3 Role 0:3 Role of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification in diabetic nephropathy. 0:73 Role of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification in diabetic nephropathy. 27029430 9 34 theme O-GlcNAcylation 1302:1316 arg1 elevation 1289:1297 the elevation 1285:1297 the elevation of O-GlcNAcylation 1285:1316 RAAS inhibitors ameliorated diabetes-induced kidney damage and prevented the elevation of O-GlcNAcylation and the decrement of pAkt, peNOS, and HSP72. 27029430 9 34 theme O-GlcNAcylation 1302:1316 arg1 decrement 1326:1334 the decrement 1322:1334 the decrement of pAkt, peNOS, and HSP72 1322:1360 RAAS inhibitors ameliorated diabetes-induced kidney damage and prevented the elevation of O-GlcNAcylation and the decrement of pAkt, peNOS, and HSP72. 27029430 7 35 theme pAkt 1079:1082 arg1 levels 1084:1089 peNOS and pAkt levels 1069:1089 peNOS and pAkt levels 1069:1089 In parallel, peNOS and pAkt levels decreased, whereas HSP72 increased. 27029430 4 36 dep In 587:588 arg1 vivo 590:593 vivo 590:593 vivo 590:593 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 were assessed in the kidney cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 27029430 11 37 theme DN 1664:1665 arg1 treatment 1651:1659 the treatment 1647:1659 the treatment of DN 1647:1665 RAAS blockers successfully inhibit this process, suggesting a novel pathomechanism of their renoprotective action in the treatment of DN. 27029430 3 38 theme prominent 460:468 arg1 DN 478:479 DN 478:479 DN 478:479 Since tubular injury is the prominent site of DN, the effect of hyperglycemia was first measured in proximal tubular (HK2) cells cultured in high glucose. 27029430 3 38 theme prominent 460:468 arg1 site 470:473 the prominent site 456:473 the prominent site of DN 456:479 Since tubular injury is the prominent site of DN, the effect of hyperglycemia was first measured in proximal tubular (HK2) cells cultured in high glucose. 27029430 3 38 theme prominent 460:468 arg1 injury 446:451 tubular injury 438:451 tubular injury 438:451 Since tubular injury is the prominent site of DN, the effect of hyperglycemia was first measured in proximal tubular (HK2) cells cultured in high glucose. 27029430 0 39 theme diabetic 53:60 arg1 nephropathy 62:72 diabetic nephropathy 53:72 diabetic nephropathy 53:72 Role of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification in diabetic nephropathy. 27029430 2 40 theme special 325:331 arg1 emphasis 333:340 a special emphasis 323:340 a special emphasis on Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling 323:429 Here, we studied the process and enzymes of O-GlcNAcylation with a special emphasis on Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling. 27029430 6 41 theme OGA 1051:1053 arg1 increase 1039:1046 a compensatory increase 1024:1046 a compensatory increase of OGA 1024:1053 In proximal tubular cells, hyperglycemia-induced OGT expression led to increased O-GlcNAcylation, which was followed by a compensatory increase of OGA. 27029430 10 42 theme HSP72 1513:1517 arg1 induction 1519:1527 HSP72 induction 1513:1527 HSP72 induction 1513:1527 In conclusion, hyperglycemia-induced elevation of O-GlcNAcylation contributes to the progression of DN via inhibition of Akt/eNOS phosphorylation and HSP72 induction. 27029430 11 43 theme novel 1592:1596 arg1 pathomechanism 1598:1611 a novel pathomechanism 1590:1611 a novel pathomechanism of their renoprotective action in the treatment of DN 1590:1665 RAAS blockers successfully inhibit this process, suggesting a novel pathomechanism of their renoprotective action in the treatment of DN. 27029430 2 44 theme synthase 374:381 arg1 signaling 421:429 Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling 345:429 Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling 345:429 Here, we studied the process and enzymes of O-GlcNAcylation with a special emphasis on Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling. 27029430 10 45 theme phosphorylation 1493:1507 arg1 inhibition 1470:1479 inhibition 1470:1479 inhibition of Akt/eNOS phosphorylation and HSP72 induction 1470:1527 In conclusion, hyperglycemia-induced elevation of O-GlcNAcylation contributes to the progression of DN via inhibition of Akt/eNOS phosphorylation and HSP72 induction. 27029430 11 46 theme renoprotective 1622:1635 arg1 action 1637:1642 their renoprotective action 1616:1642 their renoprotective action 1616:1642 RAAS blockers successfully inhibit this process, suggesting a novel pathomechanism of their renoprotective action in the treatment of DN. 27029430 2 47 theme nitric 361:366 arg1 eNOS 384:387 eNOS 384:387 eNOS 384:387 Here, we studied the process and enzymes of O-GlcNAcylation with a special emphasis on Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling. 27029430 2 47 theme nitric 361:366 arg1 synthase 374:381 Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase 345:381 Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) 345:388 Here, we studied the process and enzymes of O-GlcNAcylation with a special emphasis on Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling. 27029430 1 48 link O-linked 85:92 arg1 contributor 159:169 a known contributor 151:169 a known contributor to diabetes 151:181 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a known contributor to diabetes; however, its relevance in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is poorly elucidated. 27029430 1 48 link O-linked 85:92 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 131:145 O-GlcNAcylation 131:145 O-GlcNAcylation 131:145 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a known contributor to diabetes; however, its relevance in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is poorly elucidated. 27029430 1 48 link O-linked 85:92 arg1 glycosylation 116:128 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation 75:128 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) 75:146 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a known contributor to diabetes; however, its relevance in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is poorly elucidated. 27029430 3 49 theme hyperglycemia 496:508 arg1 effect 486:491 the effect 482:491 the effect of hyperglycemia 482:508 Since tubular injury is the prominent site of DN, the effect of hyperglycemia was first measured in proximal tubular (HK2) cells cultured in high glucose. 27029430 9 50 theme HSP72 1356:1360 arg1 elevation 1289:1297 the elevation 1285:1297 the elevation of O-GlcNAcylation 1285:1316 RAAS inhibitors ameliorated diabetes-induced kidney damage and prevented the elevation of O-GlcNAcylation and the decrement of pAkt, peNOS, and HSP72. 27029430 9 50 theme HSP72 1356:1360 arg1 decrement 1326:1334 the decrement 1322:1334 the decrement of pAkt, peNOS, and HSP72 1322:1360 RAAS inhibitors ameliorated diabetes-induced kidney damage and prevented the elevation of O-GlcNAcylation and the decrement of pAkt, peNOS, and HSP72. 27029430 4 51 theme diabetic 790:797 arg1 rats 799:802 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats 767:802 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats 767:802 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 were assessed in the kidney cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 27029430 7 52 theme peNOS 1069:1073 arg1 levels 1084:1089 peNOS and pAkt levels 1069:1089 peNOS and pAkt levels 1069:1089 In parallel, peNOS and pAkt levels decreased, whereas HSP72 increased. 27029430 4 53 theme O-GlcNAcylation 595:609 arg1 levels 623:628 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels 587:628 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 587:727 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 were assessed in the kidney cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 27029430 4 54 theme kidney 750:755 arg1 cortex 757:762 the kidney cortex 746:762 the kidney cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats 746:802 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 were assessed in the kidney cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 27029430 4 55 theme protein 615:621 arg1 levels 623:628 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels 587:628 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 587:727 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 were assessed in the kidney cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 27029430 1 56 theme diabetic 210:217 arg1 nephropathy 219:229 diabetic nephropathy 210:229 diabetic nephropathy (DN) 210:234 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a known contributor to diabetes; however, its relevance in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is poorly elucidated. 27029430 2 57 theme O-GlcNAcylation 302:316 arg1 process 279:285 process 279:285 process 279:285 Here, we studied the process and enzymes of O-GlcNAcylation with a special emphasis on Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling. 27029430 2 57 theme O-GlcNAcylation 302:316 arg1 enzymes 291:297 enzymes 291:297 enzymes 291:297 Here, we studied the process and enzymes of O-GlcNAcylation with a special emphasis on Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling. 27029430 2 58 dep process 279:285 arg1 the 275:277 the 275:277 the 275:277 Here, we studied the process and enzymes of O-GlcNAcylation with a special emphasis on Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling. 27029430 8 59 theme decreased 1189:1197 arg1 OGT 1199:1201 OGT 1199:1201 OGT 1199:1201 In diabetic rats, elevated O-GlcNAcylation was accompanied by decreased OGT and OGA. 27029430 3 60 theme HK2 550:552 arg1 cells 555:559 proximal tubular (HK2) cells 532:559 proximal tubular (HK2) cells cultured in high glucose 532:584 Since tubular injury is the prominent site of DN, the effect of hyperglycemia was first measured in proximal tubular (HK2) cells cultured in high glucose. 27029430 8 61 theme diabetic 1130:1137 arg1 rats 1139:1142 diabetic rats 1130:1142 diabetic rats 1130:1142 In diabetic rats, elevated O-GlcNAcylation was accompanied by decreased OGT and OGA. 27029430 4 62 theme In 587:588 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 595:609 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation 587:609 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation 587:609 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 were assessed in the kidney cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 27029430 3 63 theme tubular 541:547 arg1 cells 555:559 proximal tubular (HK2) cells 532:559 proximal tubular (HK2) cells cultured in high glucose 532:584 Since tubular injury is the prominent site of DN, the effect of hyperglycemia was first measured in proximal tubular (HK2) cells cultured in high glucose. 27029430 5 64 theme various 820:826 arg1 inhibitors 872:881 various renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors 820:881 various renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors 820:881 The effects of various renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors were also evaluated. 27029430 5 65 theme system 858:863 arg1 inhibitors 872:881 various renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors 820:881 various renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors 820:881 The effects of various renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors were also evaluated. 27029430 6 66 theme OGT 953:955 arg1 expression 957:966 hyperglycemia-induced OGT expression 931:966 hyperglycemia-induced OGT expression 931:966 In proximal tubular cells, hyperglycemia-induced OGT expression led to increased O-GlcNAcylation, which was followed by a compensatory increase of OGA. 27029430 9 67 theme RAAS 1212:1215 arg1 inhibitors 1217:1226 RAAS inhibitors 1212:1226 RAAS inhibitors 1212:1226 RAAS inhibitors ameliorated diabetes-induced kidney damage and prevented the elevation of O-GlcNAcylation and the decrement of pAkt, peNOS, and HSP72. 27029430 7 68 dep decreased 1091:1099 arg1 whereas 1102:1108 whereas 1102:1108 whereas 1102:1108 In parallel, peNOS and pAkt levels decreased, whereas HSP72 increased. 27029430 4 69 theme transferase 642:652 arg1 levels 623:628 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels 587:628 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 587:727 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 were assessed in the kidney cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 27029430 6 70 theme tubular 916:922 arg1 cells 924:928 proximal tubular cells 907:928 proximal tubular cells 907:928 In proximal tubular cells, hyperglycemia-induced OGT expression led to increased O-GlcNAcylation, which was followed by a compensatory increase of OGA. 27029430 4 71 theme phosphorylated 680:693 arg1 Akt/Akt 698:704 phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt 680:704 phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt 680:704 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 were assessed in the kidney cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 27029430 9 72 theme kidney 1257:1262 arg1 damage 1264:1269 diabetes-induced kidney damage 1240:1269 diabetes-induced kidney damage 1240:1269 RAAS inhibitors ameliorated diabetes-induced kidney damage and prevented the elevation of O-GlcNAcylation and the decrement of pAkt, peNOS, and HSP72. 27029430 1 73 theme O-linked 85:92 arg1 contributor 159:169 a known contributor 151:169 a known contributor to diabetes 151:181 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a known contributor to diabetes; however, its relevance in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is poorly elucidated. 27029430 1 73 theme O-linked 85:92 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 131:145 O-GlcNAcylation 131:145 O-GlcNAcylation 131:145 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a known contributor to diabetes; however, its relevance in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is poorly elucidated. 27029430 1 73 theme O-linked 85:92 arg1 glycosylation 116:128 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation 75:128 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) 75:146 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a known contributor to diabetes; however, its relevance in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is poorly elucidated. 27029430 10 74 theme O-GlcNAcylation 1413:1427 arg1 elevation 1400:1408 hyperglycemia-induced elevation 1378:1408 hyperglycemia-induced elevation of O-GlcNAcylation 1378:1427 In conclusion, hyperglycemia-induced elevation of O-GlcNAcylation contributes to the progression of DN via inhibition of Akt/eNOS phosphorylation and HSP72 induction. 27029430 0 75 theme N-acetylglucosamine 17:35 arg1 modification 37:48 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification 8:48 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification 8:48 Role of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification in diabetic nephropathy. 27029430 5 76 theme inhibitors 872:881 arg1 effects 809:815 The effects 805:815 The effects of various renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors 805:881 The effects of various renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors were also evaluated. 27029430 2 77 theme protein 405:411 arg1 signaling 421:429 Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling 345:429 Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling 345:429 Here, we studied the process and enzymes of O-GlcNAcylation with a special emphasis on Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling. 27029430 6 78 theme increased 975:983 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 985:999 increased O-GlcNAcylation 975:999 increased O-GlcNAcylation 975:999 In proximal tubular cells, hyperglycemia-induced OGT expression led to increased O-GlcNAcylation, which was followed by a compensatory increase of OGA. 27029430 2 79 theme heat 394:397 arg1 HSP 414:416 HSP 414:416 HSP 414:416 Here, we studied the process and enzymes of O-GlcNAcylation with a special emphasis on Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling. 27029430 2 79 theme heat 394:397 arg1 protein 405:411 heat shock protein (HSP)72 394:419 heat shock protein (HSP)72 394:419 Here, we studied the process and enzymes of O-GlcNAcylation with a special emphasis on Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling. 27029430 1 80 dep nephropathy 219:229 arg1 DN 232:233 DN 232:233 DN 232:233 Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a known contributor to diabetes; however, its relevance in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is poorly elucidated. 27029430 10 81 theme DN 1463:1464 arg1 progression 1448:1458 the progression 1444:1458 the progression of DN 1444:1464 In conclusion, hyperglycemia-induced elevation of O-GlcNAcylation contributes to the progression of DN via inhibition of Akt/eNOS phosphorylation and HSP72 induction. 27029430 4 82 theme Akt/Akt 698:704 arg1 levels 623:628 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels 587:628 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 587:727 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 were assessed in the kidney cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 27029430 9 83 theme pAkt 1339:1342 arg1 elevation 1289:1297 the elevation 1285:1297 the elevation of O-GlcNAcylation 1285:1316 RAAS inhibitors ameliorated diabetes-induced kidney damage and prevented the elevation of O-GlcNAcylation and the decrement of pAkt, peNOS, and HSP72. 27029430 9 83 theme pAkt 1339:1342 arg1 decrement 1326:1334 the decrement 1322:1334 the decrement of pAkt, peNOS, and HSP72 1322:1360 RAAS inhibitors ameliorated diabetes-induced kidney damage and prevented the elevation of O-GlcNAcylation and the decrement of pAkt, peNOS, and HSP72. 27029430 4 84 theme peNOS/eNOS 707:716 arg1 levels 623:628 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels 587:628 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 587:727 In vivo O-GlcNAcylation and protein levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), phosphorylated (p)Akt/Akt, peNOS/eNOS, and HSP72 were assessed in the kidney cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 27029430 2 85 theme oxide 368:372 arg1 eNOS 384:387 eNOS 384:387 eNOS 384:387 Here, we studied the process and enzymes of O-GlcNAcylation with a special emphasis on Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling. 27029430 2 85 theme oxide 368:372 arg1 synthase 374:381 Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase 345:381 Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) 345:388 Here, we studied the process and enzymes of O-GlcNAcylation with a special emphasis on Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)72 signaling. 27029430 9 86 theme peNOS 1345:1349 arg1 elevation 1289:1297 the elevation 1285:1297 the elevation of O-GlcNAcylation 1285:1316 RAAS inhibitors ameliorated diabetes-induced kidney damage and prevented the elevation of O-GlcNAcylation and the decrement of pAkt, peNOS, and HSP72. 27029430 9 86 theme peNOS 1345:1349 arg1 decrement 1326:1334 the decrement 1322:1334 the decrement of pAkt, peNOS, and HSP72 1322:1360 RAAS inhibitors ameliorated diabetes-induced kidney damage and prevented the elevation of O-GlcNAcylation and the decrement of pAkt, peNOS, and HSP72. 27080259 5 0 theme phosphorylation 554:568 arg1 site 570:573 a known phosphorylation site 546:573 a known phosphorylation site 546:573 Mass spectrometry identifies an O-GlcNAcylated peptide that neighbors a known phosphorylation site. 27080259 1 1 theme eukaryotic 158:167 arg1 cycle 174:178 the eukaryotic cell cycle 154:178 the eukaryotic cell cycle 154:178 The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) orchestrates various aspects of the eukaryotic cell cycle. 27080259 7 2 theme APC/C 762:766 arg1 activity 768:775 APC/C activity 762:775 APC/C activity 762:775 Our results thus reveal a pivotal role of O-GlcNAcylation in regulating APC/C activity. 27080259 3 3 theme N-acetylglucosamine 344:362 arg1 modification 375:386 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 331:386 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification that occurs on Cdh1 331:406 Herein we identify the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification that occurs on Cdh1. 27080259 5 4 theme O-GlcNAcylated 508:521 arg1 peptide 523:529 an O-GlcNAcylated peptide 505:529 an O-GlcNAcylated peptide that neighbors a known phosphorylation site 505:573 Mass spectrometry identifies an O-GlcNAcylated peptide that neighbors a known phosphorylation site. 27080259 1 5 theme cell 169:172 arg1 cycle 174:178 the eukaryotic cell cycle 154:178 the eukaryotic cell cycle 154:178 The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) orchestrates various aspects of the eukaryotic cell cycle. 27080259 6 6 theme Cell 576:579 arg1 synchronization 581:595 Cell synchronization and mutation studies 576:616 synchronization 581:595 Cell synchronization and mutation studies reveal that O-GlcNAcylation of Cdh1 may antagonize its phosphorylation. 27080259 1 7 theme cycle 174:178 arg1 aspects 143:149 various aspects 135:149 various aspects of the eukaryotic cell cycle 135:178 The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) orchestrates various aspects of the eukaryotic cell cycle. 27080259 6 8 theme Cdh1 649:652 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 630:644 O-GlcNAcylation 630:644 O-GlcNAcylation of Cdh1 630:652 Cell synchronization and mutation studies reveal that O-GlcNAcylation of Cdh1 may antagonize its phosphorylation. 27080259 1 9 theme anaphase 77:84 arg1 APC/C 115:119 APC/C 115:119 APC/C 115:119 The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) orchestrates various aspects of the eukaryotic cell cycle. 27080259 1 9 theme anaphase 77:84 arg1 complex/cyclosome 96:112 The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome 73:112 The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) 73:120 The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) orchestrates various aspects of the eukaryotic cell cycle. 27080259 7 10 theme O-GlcNAcylation 732:746 arg1 role 724:727 a pivotal role 714:727 a pivotal role of O-GlcNAcylation in regulating APC/C activity 714:775 Our results thus reveal a pivotal role of O-GlcNAcylation in regulating APC/C activity. 27080259 1 11 theme promoting 86:94 arg1 APC/C 115:119 APC/C 115:119 APC/C 115:119 The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) orchestrates various aspects of the eukaryotic cell cycle. 27080259 1 11 theme promoting 86:94 arg1 complex/cyclosome 96:112 The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome 73:112 The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) 73:120 The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) orchestrates various aspects of the eukaryotic cell cycle. 27080259 2 12 theme myriad 227:232 arg1 ubiquitination 296:309 ubiquitination 296:309 ubiquitination 296:309 One of its co-activators, Cdh1, is subject to myriad post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. 27080259 2 12 theme myriad 227:232 arg1 phosphorylation 276:290 phosphorylation 276:290 phosphorylation 276:290 One of its co-activators, Cdh1, is subject to myriad post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. 27080259 2 12 theme myriad 227:232 arg1 modifications 253:265 myriad post-translational modifications 227:265 myriad post-translational modifications 227:265 One of its co-activators, Cdh1, is subject to myriad post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. 27080259 4 13 from extracts 466:473 arg1 O-GlcNAcylated 417:430 O-GlcNAcylated 417:430 O-GlcNAcylated 417:430 Cdh1 is O-GlcNAcylated in cultured cells and mouse brain extracts. 27080259 5 14 theme Mass 476:479 arg1 spectrometry 481:492 Mass spectrometry 476:492 Mass spectrometry 476:492 Mass spectrometry identifies an O-GlcNAcylated peptide that neighbors a known phosphorylation site. 27080259 4 15 theme mouse 454:458 arg1 extracts 466:473 mouse brain extracts 454:473 mouse brain extracts 454:473 Cdh1 is O-GlcNAcylated in cultured cells and mouse brain extracts. 27080259 3 16 link O-linked 335:342 arg1 O-GlcNAc 365:372 O-GlcNAc 365:372 O-GlcNAc 365:372 Herein we identify the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification that occurs on Cdh1. 27080259 3 16 link O-linked 335:342 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 344:362 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 335:362 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification that occurs on Cdh1 331:406 Herein we identify the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification that occurs on Cdh1. 27080259 0 17 theme CDH1 47:50 arg1 Phosphorylation 28:42 Phosphorylation 28:42 Phosphorylation of CDH1 28:50 O-GlcNAcylation Antagonizes Phosphorylation of CDH1 (CDC20 Homologue 1). 27080259 6 18 theme mutation 601:608 arg1 studies 610:616 Cell synchronization and mutation studies 576:616 studies 610:616 Cell synchronization and mutation studies reveal that O-GlcNAcylation of Cdh1 may antagonize its phosphorylation. 27080259 4 19 from cells 444:448 arg1 O-GlcNAcylated 417:430 O-GlcNAcylated 417:430 O-GlcNAcylated 417:430 Cdh1 is O-GlcNAcylated in cultured cells and mouse brain extracts. 27080259 4 20 theme brain 460:464 arg1 extracts 466:473 mouse brain extracts 454:473 mouse brain extracts 454:473 Cdh1 is O-GlcNAcylated in cultured cells and mouse brain extracts. 27080259 0 21 theme CDC20 53:57 arg1 Homologue 59:67 CDC20 Homologue 1 53:69 CDC20 Homologue 1 53:69 O-GlcNAcylation Antagonizes Phosphorylation of CDH1 (CDC20 Homologue 1). 27080259 7 22 theme pivotal 716:722 arg1 role 724:727 a pivotal role 714:727 a pivotal role of O-GlcNAcylation in regulating APC/C activity 714:775 Our results thus reveal a pivotal role of O-GlcNAcylation in regulating APC/C activity. 27080259 2 23 theme co-activators 192:204 arg1 Cdh1 207:210 Cdh1 207:210 Cdh1 207:210 One of its co-activators, Cdh1, is subject to myriad post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. 27080259 2 23 theme co-activators 192:204 arg1 One 181:183 One 181:183 One 181:183 One of its co-activators, Cdh1, is subject to myriad post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. 27080259 2 23 theme co-activators 192:204 arg1 co-activators 192:204 its co-activators 188:204 its co-activators 188:204 One of its co-activators, Cdh1, is subject to myriad post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. 27080259 4 24 from O-GlcNAcylated 417:430 arg1 cells 444:448 cultured cells 435:448 cultured cells 435:448 Cdh1 is O-GlcNAcylated in cultured cells and mouse brain extracts. 27080259 4 24 from O-GlcNAcylated 417:430 arg1 extracts 466:473 mouse brain extracts 454:473 mouse brain extracts 454:473 Cdh1 is O-GlcNAcylated in cultured cells and mouse brain extracts. 27080259 2 25 theme post-translational 234:251 arg1 ubiquitination 296:309 ubiquitination 296:309 ubiquitination 296:309 One of its co-activators, Cdh1, is subject to myriad post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. 27080259 2 25 theme post-translational 234:251 arg1 phosphorylation 276:290 phosphorylation 276:290 phosphorylation 276:290 One of its co-activators, Cdh1, is subject to myriad post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. 27080259 2 25 theme post-translational 234:251 arg1 modifications 253:265 myriad post-translational modifications 227:265 myriad post-translational modifications 227:265 One of its co-activators, Cdh1, is subject to myriad post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. 27080259 1 26 theme various 135:141 arg1 aspects 143:149 various aspects 135:149 various aspects of the eukaryotic cell cycle 135:178 The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) orchestrates various aspects of the eukaryotic cell cycle. 27080259 4 27 theme cultured 435:442 arg1 cells 444:448 cultured cells 435:448 cultured cells 435:448 Cdh1 is O-GlcNAcylated in cultured cells and mouse brain extracts. 27080259 0 28 dep Antagonizes 16:26 arg1 Homologue 59:67 CDC20 Homologue 1 53:69 CDC20 Homologue 1 53:69 O-GlcNAcylation Antagonizes Phosphorylation of CDH1 (CDC20 Homologue 1). 27080259 3 29 theme O-linked 335:342 arg1 O-GlcNAc 365:372 O-GlcNAc 365:372 O-GlcNAc 365:372 Herein we identify the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification that occurs on Cdh1. 27080259 3 29 theme O-linked 335:342 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 344:362 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 335:362 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification that occurs on Cdh1 331:406 Herein we identify the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification that occurs on Cdh1. 27080259 5 30 theme known 548:552 arg1 site 570:573 a known phosphorylation site 546:573 a known phosphorylation site 546:573 Mass spectrometry identifies an O-GlcNAcylated peptide that neighbors a known phosphorylation site. 28370891 9 0 theme chains 1025:1030 arg1 removal 967:973 Results Enzymatic removal 949:973 Results Enzymatic removal of terminal silaic acid or entire N-linked glycan chains 949:1030 Results Enzymatic removal of terminal silaic acid or entire N-linked glycan chains decreased activity against FRETS-VWF73 at pH 7.4 and against full-length von Willebrand factor (VWF) under shear stress. 28370891 1 1 from impact 70:75 arg1 function 116:123 ADAMTS-13 function 106:123 ADAMTS-13 function 106:123 Essentials The impact of N-linked glycosylation on ADAMTS-13 function has not been fully explored. 28370891 13 2 theme N828Q 1628:1632 arg1 variants 1634:1641 the N707Q and N828Q variants 1614:1641 the N707Q and N828Q variants 1614:1641 Interestingly, the N707Q and N828Q variants showed reduced activity against FRETS-VWF73, but normal activity under flow conditions. 28370891 10 3 theme metalloprotease 1270:1284 arg1 domain 1286:1291 the metalloprotease domain 1266:1291 the metalloprotease domain 1266:1291 Using truncated ADAMTS-13, we demonstrated that this was attributable to loss of sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains. 28370891 10 3 theme metalloprotease 1270:1284 arg1 glycosylation 1319:1331 N-linked glycosylation 1310:1331 N-linked glycosylation 1310:1331 Using truncated ADAMTS-13, we demonstrated that this was attributable to loss of sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains. 28370891 15 4 theme CUB 1924:1926 arg1 domains 1928:1934 the CUB domains 1920:1934 the CUB domains 1920:1934 Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that loss of N-linked glycans in the CUB domains significantly reduced the interaction with the spacer domain and enhanced binding to the 6A6 anti-ADAMTS-13 antibody, which recognizes a cryptic epitope in the metalloprotease domain. 28370891 11 5 theme protein 1449:1455 arg1 expression 1457:1466 protein expression 1449:1466 protein expression 1449:1466 Mutation of the N-linked glycan sites in the MDTCS domains reduced or abolished protein expression. 28370891 3 6 theme Terminal 255:262 arg1 acid 271:274 Terminal sialic acid 255:274 Terminal sialic acid on the metalloprotease domain glycans 255:312 Terminal sialic acid on the metalloprotease domain glycans are important for ADAMTS-13 activity. 28370891 16 7 theme N-linked 2174:2181 arg1 glycans 2183:2189 the N-linked glycans 2170:2189 the N-linked glycans of ADAMTS-13 2170:2202 Conclusions Together, these data demonstrate that the N-linked glycans of ADAMTS-13 play a crucial role in regulating ADAMTS-13 activity. 28370891 5 8 theme C-terminal 505:514 arg1 domains 520:526 the C-terminal CUB domains 501:526 the C-terminal CUB domains 501:526 Background ADAMTS-13 activity can be regulated by its conformation, whereby interactions between the C-terminal CUB domains and the spacer domain maintain ADAMTS-13 in a closed conformation. 28370891 11 9 link N-linked 1385:1392 arg1 sites 1401:1405 the N-linked glycan sites 1381:1405 the N-linked glycan sites 1381:1405 Mutation of the N-linked glycan sites in the MDTCS domains reduced or abolished protein expression. 28370891 3 10 theme domain 299:304 arg1 glycans 306:312 the metalloprotease domain glycans 279:312 the metalloprotease domain glycans 279:312 Terminal sialic acid on the metalloprotease domain glycans are important for ADAMTS-13 activity. 28370891 11 11 theme sites 1401:1405 arg1 Mutation 1369:1376 Mutation 1369:1376 Mutation of the N-linked glycan sites in the MDTCS domains 1369:1426 Mutation of the N-linked glycan sites in the MDTCS domains reduced or abolished protein expression. 28370891 12 12 dep N828Q 1489:1493 arg1 CUB1 1527:1530 CUB1 1527:1530 CUB1 1527:1530 However, the N707Q, N828Q, N1235Q and N1354Q (TSP2, TSP4, CUB1, and CUB2 domains, respectively) variants were expressed normally. 28370891 12 12 dep N828Q 1489:1493 arg1 TSP2 1515:1518 TSP2 1515:1518 TSP2 1515:1518 However, the N707Q, N828Q, N1235Q and N1354Q (TSP2, TSP4, CUB1, and CUB2 domains, respectively) variants were expressed normally. 28370891 12 12 dep N828Q 1489:1493 arg1 TSP4 1521:1524 TSP4 1521:1524 TSP4 1521:1524 However, the N707Q, N828Q, N1235Q and N1354Q (TSP2, TSP4, CUB1, and CUB2 domains, respectively) variants were expressed normally. 28370891 12 12 dep N828Q 1489:1493 arg1 domains 1542:1548 CUB2 domains 1537:1548 CUB2 domains 1537:1548 However, the N707Q, N828Q, N1235Q and N1354Q (TSP2, TSP4, CUB1, and CUB2 domains, respectively) variants were expressed normally. 28370891 16 13 dep Conclusions 2120:2130 arg1 demonstrate 2153:2163 demonstrate 2153:2163 demonstrate that the N-linked glycans of ADAMTS-13 play a crucial role in regulating ADAMTS-13 activity 2153:2255 Conclusions Together, these data demonstrate that the N-linked glycans of ADAMTS-13 play a crucial role in regulating ADAMTS-13 activity. 28370891 13 14 theme N707Q 1618:1622 arg1 variants 1634:1641 the N707Q and N828Q variants 1614:1641 the N707Q and N828Q variants 1614:1641 Interestingly, the N707Q and N828Q variants showed reduced activity against FRETS-VWF73, but normal activity under flow conditions. 28370891 9 15 theme full-length 1093:1103 arg1 VWF 1128:1130 VWF 1128:1130 VWF 1128:1130 Results Enzymatic removal of terminal silaic acid or entire N-linked glycan chains decreased activity against FRETS-VWF73 at pH 7.4 and against full-length von Willebrand factor (VWF) under shear stress. 28370891 9 15 theme full-length 1093:1103 arg1 factor 1120:1125 full-length von Willebrand factor 1093:1125 full-length von Willebrand factor (VWF) 1093:1131 Results Enzymatic removal of terminal silaic acid or entire N-linked glycan chains decreased activity against FRETS-VWF73 at pH 7.4 and against full-length von Willebrand factor (VWF) under shear stress. 28370891 9 16 theme Willebrand 1109:1118 arg1 VWF 1128:1130 VWF 1128:1130 VWF 1128:1130 Results Enzymatic removal of terminal silaic acid or entire N-linked glycan chains decreased activity against FRETS-VWF73 at pH 7.4 and against full-length von Willebrand factor (VWF) under shear stress. 28370891 9 16 theme Willebrand 1109:1118 arg1 factor 1120:1125 full-length von Willebrand factor 1093:1125 full-length von Willebrand factor (VWF) 1093:1131 Results Enzymatic removal of terminal silaic acid or entire N-linked glycan chains decreased activity against FRETS-VWF73 at pH 7.4 and against full-length von Willebrand factor (VWF) under shear stress. 28370891 2 17 theme shear 230:234 arg1 conditions 243:252 static and shear stress conditions 219:252 conditions 243:252 The activity of glycan modified ADAMTS-13 was investigated under static and shear stress conditions. 28370891 6 18 from theTSP2 662:668 arg1 present 651:657 present 651:657 present 651:657 ADAMTS-13 contains 10 N-linked glycans, with four sites present in theTSP2 through to CUB domains that may contribute to its conformation. 28370891 10 19 theme N-linked 1310:1317 arg1 glycosylation 1319:1331 N-linked glycosylation 1310:1331 N-linked glycosylation 1310:1331 Using truncated ADAMTS-13, we demonstrated that this was attributable to loss of sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains. 28370891 6 20 theme CUB 681:683 arg1 domains 685:691 CUB domains 681:691 CUB domains that may contribute to its conformation 681:731 ADAMTS-13 contains 10 N-linked glycans, with four sites present in theTSP2 through to CUB domains that may contribute to its conformation. 28370891 9 21 theme von 1105:1107 arg1 VWF 1128:1130 VWF 1128:1130 VWF 1128:1130 Results Enzymatic removal of terminal silaic acid or entire N-linked glycan chains decreased activity against FRETS-VWF73 at pH 7.4 and against full-length von Willebrand factor (VWF) under shear stress. 28370891 9 21 theme von 1105:1107 arg1 factor 1120:1125 full-length von Willebrand factor 1093:1125 full-length von Willebrand factor (VWF) 1093:1131 Results Enzymatic removal of terminal silaic acid or entire N-linked glycan chains decreased activity against FRETS-VWF73 at pH 7.4 and against full-length von Willebrand factor (VWF) under shear stress. 28370891 8 22 theme stress 930:935 arg1 conditions 937:946 static and shear stress conditions 913:946 conditions 937:946 The proteolytic activity of glycan-modified ADAMTS-13 was assessed under static and shear stress conditions. 28370891 9 23 theme shear 1139:1143 arg1 stress 1145:1150 shear stress 1139:1150 shear stress 1139:1150 Results Enzymatic removal of terminal silaic acid or entire N-linked glycan chains decreased activity against FRETS-VWF73 at pH 7.4 and against full-length von Willebrand factor (VWF) under shear stress. 28370891 8 24 theme glycan-modified 868:882 arg1 ADAMTS-13 884:892 glycan-modified ADAMTS-13 868:892 glycan-modified ADAMTS-13 868:892 The proteolytic activity of glycan-modified ADAMTS-13 was assessed under static and shear stress conditions. 28370891 15 25 theme cryptic 2073:2079 arg1 epitope 2081:2087 a cryptic epitope 2071:2087 a cryptic epitope in the metalloprotease domain 2071:2117 Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that loss of N-linked glycans in the CUB domains significantly reduced the interaction with the spacer domain and enhanced binding to the 6A6 anti-ADAMTS-13 antibody, which recognizes a cryptic epitope in the metalloprotease domain. 28370891 10 26 theme truncated 1159:1167 arg1 ADAMTS-13 1169:1177 truncated ADAMTS-13 1159:1177 truncated ADAMTS-13 1159:1177 Using truncated ADAMTS-13, we demonstrated that this was attributable to loss of sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains. 28370891 5 27 theme ADAMTS-13 415:423 arg1 activity 425:432 Background ADAMTS-13 activity 404:432 Background ADAMTS-13 activity 404:432 Background ADAMTS-13 activity can be regulated by its conformation, whereby interactions between the C-terminal CUB domains and the spacer domain maintain ADAMTS-13 in a closed conformation. 28370891 6 28 contain contains 605:612 arg1 ADAMTS-13 595:603 ADAMTS-13 595:603 ADAMTS-13 595:603 ADAMTS-13 contains 10 N-linked glycans, with four sites present in theTSP2 through to CUB domains that may contribute to its conformation. 28370891 6 28 contain contains 605:612 arg2 glycans 626:632 10 N-linked glycans 614:632 10 N-linked glycans 614:632 ADAMTS-13 contains 10 N-linked glycans, with four sites present in theTSP2 through to CUB domains that may contribute to its conformation. 28370891 15 29 theme Immunoprecipitation 1845:1863 arg1 experiments 1865:1875 Immunoprecipitation experiments 1845:1875 Immunoprecipitation experiments 1845:1875 Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that loss of N-linked glycans in the CUB domains significantly reduced the interaction with the spacer domain and enhanced binding to the 6A6 anti-ADAMTS-13 antibody, which recognizes a cryptic epitope in the metalloprotease domain. 28370891 14 30 contain had 1775:1777 arg1 N1354Q 1759:1764 N1354Q 1759:1764 N1354Q 1759:1764 In contrast, the N1235Q and N1354Q variants had enhanced activity against FRETS-VWF73 and VWF under shear stress. 28370891 14 30 contain had 1775:1777 arg1 N1235Q 1748:1753 N1235Q 1748:1753 N1235Q 1748:1753 In contrast, the N1235Q and N1354Q variants had enhanced activity against FRETS-VWF73 and VWF under shear stress. 28370891 14 30 contain had 1775:1777 arg2 activity 1788:1795 enhanced activity 1779:1795 enhanced activity against FRETS-VWF73 and VWF 1779:1823 In contrast, the N1235Q and N1354Q variants had enhanced activity against FRETS-VWF73 and VWF under shear stress. 28370891 9 31 theme N-linked 1009:1016 arg1 chains 1025:1030 entire N-linked glycan chains 1002:1030 entire N-linked glycan chains 1002:1030 Results Enzymatic removal of terminal silaic acid or entire N-linked glycan chains decreased activity against FRETS-VWF73 at pH 7.4 and against full-length von Willebrand factor (VWF) under shear stress. 28370891 1 32 theme glycosylation 89:101 arg1 impact 70:75 Essentials The impact 55:75 Essentials The impact of N-linked glycosylation on ADAMTS-13 function 55:123 Essentials The impact of N-linked glycosylation on ADAMTS-13 function has not been fully explored. 28370891 9 33 from pH 1074:1075 arg1 FRETS-VWF73 1059:1069 FRETS-VWF73 1059:1069 FRETS-VWF73 at pH 7.4 1059:1079 Results Enzymatic removal of terminal silaic acid or entire N-linked glycan chains decreased activity against FRETS-VWF73 at pH 7.4 and against full-length von Willebrand factor (VWF) under shear stress. 28370891 0 34 theme ADAMTS-13 0:8 arg1 glycans 10:16 ADAMTS-13 glycans 0:16 ADAMTS-13 glycans 0:16 ADAMTS-13 glycans and conformation-dependent activity. 28370891 11 35 from Mutation 1369:1376 arg1 domains 1420:1426 the MDTCS domains 1410:1426 the MDTCS domains 1410:1426 Mutation of the N-linked glycan sites in the MDTCS domains reduced or abolished protein expression. 28370891 15 36 theme metalloprotease 2096:2110 arg1 domain 2112:2117 the metalloprotease domain 2092:2117 the metalloprotease domain 2092:2117 Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that loss of N-linked glycans in the CUB domains significantly reduced the interaction with the spacer domain and enhanced binding to the 6A6 anti-ADAMTS-13 antibody, which recognizes a cryptic epitope in the metalloprotease domain. 28370891 15 37 theme N-linked 1900:1907 arg1 glycans 1909:1915 N-linked glycans 1900:1915 N-linked glycans 1900:1915 Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that loss of N-linked glycans in the CUB domains significantly reduced the interaction with the spacer domain and enhanced binding to the 6A6 anti-ADAMTS-13 antibody, which recognizes a cryptic epitope in the metalloprotease domain. 28370891 9 38 theme Results 949:955 arg1 removal 967:973 Results Enzymatic removal 949:973 Results Enzymatic removal of terminal silaic acid or entire N-linked glycan chains 949:1030 Results Enzymatic removal of terminal silaic acid or entire N-linked glycan chains decreased activity against FRETS-VWF73 at pH 7.4 and against full-length von Willebrand factor (VWF) under shear stress. 28370891 3 39 from acid 271:274 arg1 glycans 306:312 the metalloprotease domain glycans 279:312 the metalloprotease domain glycans 279:312 Terminal sialic acid on the metalloprotease domain glycans are important for ADAMTS-13 activity. 28370891 13 40 theme normal 1692:1697 arg1 activity 1699:1706 normal activity 1692:1706 normal activity 1692:1706 Interestingly, the N707Q and N828Q variants showed reduced activity against FRETS-VWF73, but normal activity under flow conditions. 28370891 2 41 theme ADAMTS-13 186:194 arg1 activity 158:165 The activity 154:165 The activity of glycan modified ADAMTS-13 154:194 The activity of glycan modified ADAMTS-13 was investigated under static and shear stress conditions. 28370891 6 42 from present 651:657 arg1 theTSP2 662:668 theTSP2 662:668 theTSP2 through to CUB domains that may contribute to its conformation 662:731 ADAMTS-13 contains 10 N-linked glycans, with four sites present in theTSP2 through to CUB domains that may contribute to its conformation. 28370891 9 43 theme terminal 978:985 arg1 acid 994:997 terminal silaic acid 978:997 terminal silaic acid 978:997 Results Enzymatic removal of terminal silaic acid or entire N-linked glycan chains decreased activity against FRETS-VWF73 at pH 7.4 and against full-length von Willebrand factor (VWF) under shear stress. 28370891 2 44 theme glycan 170:175 arg1 ADAMTS-13 186:194 glycan modified ADAMTS-13 170:194 glycan modified ADAMTS-13 170:194 The activity of glycan modified ADAMTS-13 was investigated under static and shear stress conditions. 28370891 10 45 theme sialic 1234:1239 arg1 acid 1241:1244 sialic acid 1234:1244 sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains 1234:1366 Using truncated ADAMTS-13, we demonstrated that this was attributable to loss of sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains. 28370891 4 46 theme ADAMTS-13 384:392 arg1 activity 394:401 ADAMTS-13 activity 384:401 ADAMTS-13 activity 384:401 The CUB domain glycans modulate ADAMTS-13 activity. 28370891 15 47 from epitope 2081:2087 arg1 domain 2112:2117 the metalloprotease domain 2092:2117 the metalloprotease domain 2092:2117 Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that loss of N-linked glycans in the CUB domains significantly reduced the interaction with the spacer domain and enhanced binding to the 6A6 anti-ADAMTS-13 antibody, which recognizes a cryptic epitope in the metalloprotease domain. 28370891 9 48 theme acid 994:997 arg1 removal 967:973 Results Enzymatic removal 949:973 Results Enzymatic removal of terminal silaic acid or entire N-linked glycan chains 949:1030 Results Enzymatic removal of terminal silaic acid or entire N-linked glycan chains decreased activity against FRETS-VWF73 at pH 7.4 and against full-length von Willebrand factor (VWF) under shear stress. 28370891 2 49 theme static 219:224 arg1 conditions 243:252 static and shear stress conditions 219:252 conditions 243:252 The activity of glycan modified ADAMTS-13 was investigated under static and shear stress conditions. 28370891 6 50 link N-linked 617:624 arg1 glycans 626:632 10 N-linked glycans 614:632 10 N-linked glycans 614:632 ADAMTS-13 contains 10 N-linked glycans, with four sites present in theTSP2 through to CUB domains that may contribute to its conformation. 28370891 9 51 theme entire 1002:1007 arg1 chains 1025:1030 entire N-linked glycan chains 1002:1030 entire N-linked glycan chains 1002:1030 Results Enzymatic removal of terminal silaic acid or entire N-linked glycan chains decreased activity against FRETS-VWF73 at pH 7.4 and against full-length von Willebrand factor (VWF) under shear stress. 28370891 7 52 theme ADAMTS-13 803:811 arg1 conformation 813:824 ADAMTS-13 conformation 803:824 ADAMTS-13 conformation 803:824 Objectives/Methods We hypothesized that glycosylation contributes to ADAMTS-13 conformation and function. 28370891 12 53 theme N1354Q 1507:1512 arg1 variants 1565:1572 the N707Q, N828Q, N1235Q and N1354Q (TSP2, TSP4, CUB1, and CUB2 domains, respectively) variants 1478:1572 the N707Q, N828Q, N1235Q and N1354Q (TSP2, TSP4, CUB1, and CUB2 domains, respectively) variants 1478:1572 However, the N707Q, N828Q, N1235Q and N1354Q (TSP2, TSP4, CUB1, and CUB2 domains, respectively) variants were expressed normally. 28370891 4 54 theme CUB 356:358 arg1 glycans 367:373 The CUB domain glycans 352:373 The CUB domain glycans 352:373 The CUB domain glycans modulate ADAMTS-13 activity. 28370891 16 55 theme ADAMTS-13 2194:2202 arg1 glycans 2183:2189 the N-linked glycans 2170:2189 the N-linked glycans of ADAMTS-13 2170:2202 Conclusions Together, these data demonstrate that the N-linked glycans of ADAMTS-13 play a crucial role in regulating ADAMTS-13 activity. 28370891 9 56 theme glycan 1018:1023 arg1 chains 1025:1030 entire N-linked glycan chains 1002:1030 entire N-linked glycan chains 1002:1030 Results Enzymatic removal of terminal silaic acid or entire N-linked glycan chains decreased activity against FRETS-VWF73 at pH 7.4 and against full-length von Willebrand factor (VWF) under shear stress. 28370891 13 57 theme reduced 1650:1656 arg1 activity 1658:1665 reduced activity 1650:1665 reduced activity against FRETS-VWF73 1650:1685 Interestingly, the N707Q and N828Q variants showed reduced activity against FRETS-VWF73, but normal activity under flow conditions. 28370891 15 58 from loss 1892:1895 arg1 domains 1928:1934 the CUB domains 1920:1934 the CUB domains 1920:1934 Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that loss of N-linked glycans in the CUB domains significantly reduced the interaction with the spacer domain and enhanced binding to the 6A6 anti-ADAMTS-13 antibody, which recognizes a cryptic epitope in the metalloprotease domain. 28370891 1 59 link N-linked 80:87 arg1 glycosylation 89:101 N-linked glycosylation 80:101 N-linked glycosylation 80:101 Essentials The impact of N-linked glycosylation on ADAMTS-13 function has not been fully explored. 28370891 10 60 from loss 1226:1229 arg1 glycans 1255:1261 the glycans 1251:1261 the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains 1251:1366 Using truncated ADAMTS-13, we demonstrated that this was attributable to loss of sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains. 28370891 12 61 theme N828Q 1489:1493 arg1 variants 1565:1572 the N707Q, N828Q, N1235Q and N1354Q (TSP2, TSP4, CUB1, and CUB2 domains, respectively) variants 1478:1572 the N707Q, N828Q, N1235Q and N1354Q (TSP2, TSP4, CUB1, and CUB2 domains, respectively) variants 1478:1572 However, the N707Q, N828Q, N1235Q and N1354Q (TSP2, TSP4, CUB1, and CUB2 domains, respectively) variants were expressed normally. 28370891 10 62 from effect 1300:1305 arg1 TSP2 1340:1343 the TSP2 1336:1343 the TSP2 through to CUB domains 1336:1366 Using truncated ADAMTS-13, we demonstrated that this was attributable to loss of sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains. 28370891 16 63 link N-linked 2174:2181 arg1 glycans 2183:2189 the N-linked glycans 2170:2189 the N-linked glycans of ADAMTS-13 2170:2202 Conclusions Together, these data demonstrate that the N-linked glycans of ADAMTS-13 play a crucial role in regulating ADAMTS-13 activity. 28370891 5 64 theme spacer 536:541 arg1 domain 543:548 the spacer domain 532:548 the spacer domain 532:548 Background ADAMTS-13 activity can be regulated by its conformation, whereby interactions between the C-terminal CUB domains and the spacer domain maintain ADAMTS-13 in a closed conformation. 28370891 12 65 theme N1235Q 1496:1501 arg1 variants 1565:1572 the N707Q, N828Q, N1235Q and N1354Q (TSP2, TSP4, CUB1, and CUB2 domains, respectively) variants 1478:1572 the N707Q, N828Q, N1235Q and N1354Q (TSP2, TSP4, CUB1, and CUB2 domains, respectively) variants 1478:1572 However, the N707Q, N828Q, N1235Q and N1354Q (TSP2, TSP4, CUB1, and CUB2 domains, respectively) variants were expressed normally. 28370891 6 66 theme present 651:657 arg1 sites 645:649 four sites 640:649 four sites present in theTSP2 through to CUB domains that may contribute to its conformation 640:731 ADAMTS-13 contains 10 N-linked glycans, with four sites present in theTSP2 through to CUB domains that may contribute to its conformation. 28370891 3 67 theme sialic 264:269 arg1 acid 271:274 Terminal sialic acid 255:274 Terminal sialic acid on the metalloprotease domain glycans 255:312 Terminal sialic acid on the metalloprotease domain glycans are important for ADAMTS-13 activity. 28370891 11 68 theme glycan 1394:1399 arg1 sites 1401:1405 the N-linked glycan sites 1381:1405 the N-linked glycan sites 1381:1405 Mutation of the N-linked glycan sites in the MDTCS domains reduced or abolished protein expression. 28370891 10 69 from glycans 1255:1261 arg1 glycosylation 1319:1331 N-linked glycosylation 1310:1331 N-linked glycosylation 1310:1331 Using truncated ADAMTS-13, we demonstrated that this was attributable to loss of sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains. 28370891 10 69 from glycans 1255:1261 arg1 domain 1286:1291 the metalloprotease domain 1266:1291 the metalloprotease domain 1266:1291 Using truncated ADAMTS-13, we demonstrated that this was attributable to loss of sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains. 28370891 10 69 from glycans 1255:1261 arg1 effect 1300:1305 an effect 1297:1305 an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains 1297:1366 Using truncated ADAMTS-13, we demonstrated that this was attributable to loss of sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains. 28370891 10 69 from glycans 1255:1261 arg1 loss 1226:1229 loss 1226:1229 loss of sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains 1226:1366 Using truncated ADAMTS-13, we demonstrated that this was attributable to loss of sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains. 28370891 10 69 from glycans 1255:1261 arg1 acid 1241:1244 sialic acid 1234:1244 sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains 1234:1366 Using truncated ADAMTS-13, we demonstrated that this was attributable to loss of sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains. 28370891 5 70 theme CUB 516:518 arg1 domains 520:526 the C-terminal CUB domains 501:526 the C-terminal CUB domains 501:526 Background ADAMTS-13 activity can be regulated by its conformation, whereby interactions between the C-terminal CUB domains and the spacer domain maintain ADAMTS-13 in a closed conformation. 28370891 3 71 theme metalloprotease 283:297 arg1 glycans 306:312 the metalloprotease domain glycans 279:312 the metalloprotease domain glycans 279:312 Terminal sialic acid on the metalloprotease domain glycans are important for ADAMTS-13 activity. 28370891 11 72 theme MDTCS 1414:1418 arg1 domains 1420:1426 the MDTCS domains 1410:1426 the MDTCS domains 1410:1426 Mutation of the N-linked glycan sites in the MDTCS domains reduced or abolished protein expression. 28370891 10 73 from domain 1286:1291 arg1 TSP2 1340:1343 the TSP2 1336:1343 the TSP2 through to CUB domains 1336:1366 Using truncated ADAMTS-13, we demonstrated that this was attributable to loss of sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains. 28370891 2 74 theme stress 236:241 arg1 conditions 243:252 static and shear stress conditions 219:252 conditions 243:252 The activity of glycan modified ADAMTS-13 was investigated under static and shear stress conditions. 28370891 15 75 theme 6A6 2025:2027 arg1 antibody 2044:2051 the 6A6 anti-ADAMTS-13 antibody 2021:2051 the 6A6 anti-ADAMTS-13 antibody 2021:2051 Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that loss of N-linked glycans in the CUB domains significantly reduced the interaction with the spacer domain and enhanced binding to the 6A6 anti-ADAMTS-13 antibody, which recognizes a cryptic epitope in the metalloprotease domain. 28370891 3 76 theme ADAMTS-13 332:340 arg1 activity 342:349 ADAMTS-13 activity 332:349 ADAMTS-13 activity 332:349 Terminal sialic acid on the metalloprotease domain glycans are important for ADAMTS-13 activity. 28370891 10 77 theme glycosylation 1319:1331 arg1 domain 1286:1291 the metalloprotease domain 1266:1291 the metalloprotease domain 1266:1291 Using truncated ADAMTS-13, we demonstrated that this was attributable to loss of sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains. 28370891 10 77 theme glycosylation 1319:1331 arg1 effect 1300:1305 an effect 1297:1305 an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains 1297:1366 Using truncated ADAMTS-13, we demonstrated that this was attributable to loss of sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains. 28370891 10 77 theme glycosylation 1319:1331 arg1 glycosylation 1319:1331 N-linked glycosylation 1310:1331 N-linked glycosylation 1310:1331 Using truncated ADAMTS-13, we demonstrated that this was attributable to loss of sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains. 28370891 14 78 dep N1235Q 1748:1753 arg1 variants 1766:1773 variants 1766:1773 variants 1766:1773 In contrast, the N1235Q and N1354Q variants had enhanced activity against FRETS-VWF73 and VWF under shear stress. 28370891 14 78 dep N1235Q 1748:1753 arg1 the 1744:1746 the 1744:1746 the 1744:1746 In contrast, the N1235Q and N1354Q variants had enhanced activity against FRETS-VWF73 and VWF under shear stress. 28370891 8 79 theme static 913:918 arg1 conditions 937:946 static and shear stress conditions 913:946 conditions 937:946 The proteolytic activity of glycan-modified ADAMTS-13 was assessed under static and shear stress conditions. 28370891 8 80 theme proteolytic 844:854 arg1 activity 856:863 The proteolytic activity 840:863 The proteolytic activity of glycan-modified ADAMTS-13 840:892 The proteolytic activity of glycan-modified ADAMTS-13 was assessed under static and shear stress conditions. 28370891 5 81 theme closed 574:579 arg1 conformation 581:592 a closed conformation 572:592 a closed conformation 572:592 Background ADAMTS-13 activity can be regulated by its conformation, whereby interactions between the C-terminal CUB domains and the spacer domain maintain ADAMTS-13 in a closed conformation. 28370891 8 82 theme shear 924:928 arg1 conditions 937:946 static and shear stress conditions 913:946 conditions 937:946 The proteolytic activity of glycan-modified ADAMTS-13 was assessed under static and shear stress conditions. 28370891 5 83 theme Background 404:413 arg1 activity 425:432 Background ADAMTS-13 activity 404:432 Background ADAMTS-13 activity 404:432 Background ADAMTS-13 activity can be regulated by its conformation, whereby interactions between the C-terminal CUB domains and the spacer domain maintain ADAMTS-13 in a closed conformation. 28370891 10 84 link N-linked 1310:1317 arg1 glycosylation 1319:1331 N-linked glycosylation 1310:1331 N-linked glycosylation 1310:1331 Using truncated ADAMTS-13, we demonstrated that this was attributable to loss of sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains. 28370891 7 85 gly glycosylation 774:786 arg1 ADAMTS-13 803:811 ADAMTS-13 conformation 803:824 ADAMTS-13 conformation 803:824 Objectives/Methods We hypothesized that glycosylation contributes to ADAMTS-13 conformation and function. 28370891 8 86 theme ADAMTS-13 884:892 arg1 activity 856:863 The proteolytic activity 840:863 The proteolytic activity of glycan-modified ADAMTS-13 840:892 The proteolytic activity of glycan-modified ADAMTS-13 was assessed under static and shear stress conditions. 28370891 1 87 theme N-linked 80:87 arg1 glycosylation 89:101 N-linked glycosylation 80:101 N-linked glycosylation 80:101 Essentials The impact of N-linked glycosylation on ADAMTS-13 function has not been fully explored. 28370891 11 88 theme N-linked 1385:1392 arg1 sites 1401:1405 the N-linked glycan sites 1381:1405 the N-linked glycan sites 1381:1405 Mutation of the N-linked glycan sites in the MDTCS domains reduced or abolished protein expression. 28370891 10 89 theme CUB 1356:1358 arg1 domains 1360:1366 CUB domains 1356:1366 CUB domains 1356:1366 Using truncated ADAMTS-13, we demonstrated that this was attributable to loss of sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains. 28370891 15 90 theme glycans 1909:1915 arg1 loss 1892:1895 loss 1892:1895 loss of N-linked glycans in the CUB domains 1892:1934 Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that loss of N-linked glycans in the CUB domains significantly reduced the interaction with the spacer domain and enhanced binding to the 6A6 anti-ADAMTS-13 antibody, which recognizes a cryptic epitope in the metalloprotease domain. 28370891 16 91 theme ADAMTS-13 2238:2246 arg1 activity 2248:2255 ADAMTS-13 activity 2238:2255 ADAMTS-13 activity 2238:2255 Conclusions Together, these data demonstrate that the N-linked glycans of ADAMTS-13 play a crucial role in regulating ADAMTS-13 activity. 28370891 15 92 theme spacer 1983:1988 arg1 domain 1990:1995 the spacer domain 1979:1995 the spacer domain 1979:1995 Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that loss of N-linked glycans in the CUB domains significantly reduced the interaction with the spacer domain and enhanced binding to the 6A6 anti-ADAMTS-13 antibody, which recognizes a cryptic epitope in the metalloprotease domain. 28370891 15 93 link N-linked 1900:1907 arg1 glycans 1909:1915 N-linked glycans 1900:1915 N-linked glycans 1900:1915 Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that loss of N-linked glycans in the CUB domains significantly reduced the interaction with the spacer domain and enhanced binding to the 6A6 anti-ADAMTS-13 antibody, which recognizes a cryptic epitope in the metalloprotease domain. 28370891 0 94 theme conformation-dependent 22:43 arg1 activity 45:52 conformation-dependent activity 22:52 conformation-dependent activity 22:52 ADAMTS-13 glycans and conformation-dependent activity. 28370891 15 95 with interaction 1962:1972 arg1 domain 1990:1995 the spacer domain 1979:1995 the spacer domain 1979:1995 Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that loss of N-linked glycans in the CUB domains significantly reduced the interaction with the spacer domain and enhanced binding to the 6A6 anti-ADAMTS-13 antibody, which recognizes a cryptic epitope in the metalloprotease domain. 28370891 9 96 theme Enzymatic 957:965 arg1 removal 967:973 Results Enzymatic removal 949:973 Results Enzymatic removal of terminal silaic acid or entire N-linked glycan chains 949:1030 Results Enzymatic removal of terminal silaic acid or entire N-linked glycan chains decreased activity against FRETS-VWF73 at pH 7.4 and against full-length von Willebrand factor (VWF) under shear stress. 28370891 9 97 link N-linked 1009:1016 arg1 chains 1025:1030 entire N-linked glycan chains 1002:1030 entire N-linked glycan chains 1002:1030 Results Enzymatic removal of terminal silaic acid or entire N-linked glycan chains decreased activity against FRETS-VWF73 at pH 7.4 and against full-length von Willebrand factor (VWF) under shear stress. 28370891 14 98 theme shear 1831:1835 arg1 stress 1837:1842 shear stress 1831:1842 shear stress 1831:1842 In contrast, the N1235Q and N1354Q variants had enhanced activity against FRETS-VWF73 and VWF under shear stress. 28370891 16 99 theme crucial 2211:2217 arg1 role 2219:2222 a crucial role 2209:2222 a crucial role 2209:2222 Conclusions Together, these data demonstrate that the N-linked glycans of ADAMTS-13 play a crucial role in regulating ADAMTS-13 activity. 28370891 2 100 theme modified 177:184 arg1 ADAMTS-13 186:194 glycan modified ADAMTS-13 170:194 glycan modified ADAMTS-13 170:194 The activity of glycan modified ADAMTS-13 was investigated under static and shear stress conditions. 28370891 14 101 theme enhanced 1779:1786 arg1 activity 1788:1795 enhanced activity 1779:1795 enhanced activity against FRETS-VWF73 and VWF 1779:1823 In contrast, the N1235Q and N1354Q variants had enhanced activity against FRETS-VWF73 and VWF under shear stress. 28370891 10 102 theme acid 1241:1244 arg1 loss 1226:1229 loss 1226:1229 loss of sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains 1226:1366 Using truncated ADAMTS-13, we demonstrated that this was attributable to loss of sialic acid from the glycans in the metalloprotease domain and an effect of N-linked glycosylation in the TSP2 through to CUB domains. 28370891 12 103 theme CUB2 1537:1540 arg1 domains 1542:1548 CUB2 domains 1537:1548 CUB2 domains 1537:1548 However, the N707Q, N828Q, N1235Q and N1354Q (TSP2, TSP4, CUB1, and CUB2 domains, respectively) variants were expressed normally. 28370891 4 104 theme domain 360:365 arg1 glycans 367:373 The CUB domain glycans 352:373 The CUB domain glycans 352:373 The CUB domain glycans modulate ADAMTS-13 activity. 28370891 9 105 theme silaic 987:992 arg1 acid 994:997 terminal silaic acid 978:997 terminal silaic acid 978:997 Results Enzymatic removal of terminal silaic acid or entire N-linked glycan chains decreased activity against FRETS-VWF73 at pH 7.4 and against full-length von Willebrand factor (VWF) under shear stress. 28370891 13 106 theme flow 1714:1717 arg1 conditions 1719:1728 flow conditions 1714:1728 flow conditions 1714:1728 Interestingly, the N707Q and N828Q variants showed reduced activity against FRETS-VWF73, but normal activity under flow conditions. 28370891 15 107 theme anti-ADAMTS-13 2029:2042 arg1 antibody 2044:2051 the 6A6 anti-ADAMTS-13 antibody 2021:2051 the 6A6 anti-ADAMTS-13 antibody 2021:2051 Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that loss of N-linked glycans in the CUB domains significantly reduced the interaction with the spacer domain and enhanced binding to the 6A6 anti-ADAMTS-13 antibody, which recognizes a cryptic epitope in the metalloprotease domain. 28370891 1 108 theme Essentials 55:64 arg1 impact 70:75 Essentials The impact 55:75 Essentials The impact of N-linked glycosylation on ADAMTS-13 function 55:123 Essentials The impact of N-linked glycosylation on ADAMTS-13 function has not been fully explored. 28370891 6 109 attach present 651:657 arg2 sites 645:649 four sites 640:649 four sites present in theTSP2 through to CUB domains that may contribute to its conformation 640:731 ADAMTS-13 contains 10 N-linked glycans, with four sites present in theTSP2 through to CUB domains that may contribute to its conformation. 28370891 6 109 attach present 651:657 arg1 theTSP2 662:668 theTSP2 662:668 theTSP2 through to CUB domains that may contribute to its conformation 662:731 ADAMTS-13 contains 10 N-linked glycans, with four sites present in theTSP2 through to CUB domains that may contribute to its conformation. 28370891 6 110 theme N-linked 617:624 arg1 glycans 626:632 10 N-linked glycans 614:632 10 N-linked glycans 614:632 ADAMTS-13 contains 10 N-linked glycans, with four sites present in theTSP2 through to CUB domains that may contribute to its conformation. 26695256 0 0 theme N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone 90:112 arg1 photo-polymerization 66:85 in situ photo-polymerization 58:85 in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone and acrylamide for highly selective and sensitive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides 58:199 Preparation of hydrophilic monolithic capillary column by in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone and acrylamide for highly selective and sensitive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 1 1 theme acrylamide 361:370 arg1 photo-polymerization 306:325 the in situ photo-polymerization 294:325 the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary 294:445 In this study, a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith was synthesized by the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary, and successfully applied for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 2 2 theme IgG 604:606 arg1 digests 593:599 the tryptic digests 581:599 the tryptic digests of IgG as the sample 581:620 With 2 μg of the tryptic digests of IgG as the sample, after enrichment, 18 glycopeptides could be identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis. 26695256 0 3 gly glycopeptides 187:199 arg2 glycopeptides 187:199 N-linked glycopeptides 178:199 N-linked glycopeptides 178:199 Preparation of hydrophilic monolithic capillary column by in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone and acrylamide for highly selective and sensitive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 4 4 theme N-glycosylation 1006:1020 arg1 sites 1022:1026 N-glycosylation sites 1006:1026 the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum 1002:1097 Moreover, such a monolithic capillary column was also applied for the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum. 26695256 5 5 theme N-glycosylated 1129:1142 arg1 peptides 1144:1151 530 and 262 unique N-glycosylated peptides 1110:1151 530 and 262 unique N-glycosylated peptides 1110:1151 In total, 530 and 262 unique N-glycosylated peptides were identified, respectively, corresponding to 282 and 124N-glycoproteins, demonstrating its great potential for the large scale glycoproteomics analysis. 26695256 1 6 dep in 298:299 arg1 situ 301:304 situ 301:304 situ 301:304 In this study, a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith was synthesized by the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary, and successfully applied for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 1 7 theme transparent 425:435 arg1 capillary 437:445 a UV transparent capillary 420:445 a UV transparent capillary 420:445 In this study, a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith was synthesized by the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary, and successfully applied for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 0 8 theme acrylamide 118:127 arg1 photo-polymerization 66:85 in situ photo-polymerization 58:85 in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone and acrylamide for highly selective and sensitive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides 58:199 Preparation of hydrophilic monolithic capillary column by in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone and acrylamide for highly selective and sensitive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 5 9 gly N-glycosylated 1129:1142 arg1 peptides 1144:1151 530 and 262 unique N-glycosylated peptides 1110:1151 530 and 262 unique N-glycosylated peptides 1110:1151 In total, 530 and 262 unique N-glycosylated peptides were identified, respectively, corresponding to 282 and 124N-glycoproteins, demonstrating its great potential for the large scale glycoproteomics analysis. 26695256 2 10 theme digests 593:599 arg1 μg 575:576 2 μg 573:576 2 μg of the tryptic digests of IgG as the sample 573:620 With 2 μg of the tryptic digests of IgG as the sample, after enrichment, 18 glycopeptides could be identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis. 26695256 2 11 theme tryptic 585:591 arg1 digests 593:599 the tryptic digests 581:599 the tryptic digests of IgG as the sample 581:620 With 2 μg of the tryptic digests of IgG as the sample, after enrichment, 18 glycopeptides could be identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis. 26695256 1 12 theme N-linked 544:551 arg1 glycopeptides 553:565 N-linked glycopeptides 544:565 N-linked glycopeptides 544:565 In this study, a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith was synthesized by the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary, and successfully applied for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 4 13 theme μL 1084:1085 arg1 serum 1093:1097 1 μL human serum 1082:1097 1 μL human serum 1082:1097 Moreover, such a monolithic capillary column was also applied for the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum. 26695256 1 14 from photo-polymerization 306:325 arg1 capillary 437:445 a UV transparent capillary 420:445 a UV transparent capillary 420:445 In this study, a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith was synthesized by the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary, and successfully applied for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 4 15 from cells 1072:1076 arg1 profiling 1028:1036 the N-glycosylation sites profiling 1002:1036 the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum 1002:1097 Moreover, such a monolithic capillary column was also applied for the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum. 26695256 4 15 from cells 1072:1076 arg1 digests 1054:1060 6 μg protein digests 1041:1060 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum 1041:1097 Moreover, such a monolithic capillary column was also applied for the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum. 26695256 1 16 theme glycopeptides 553:565 arg1 enrichment 530:539 enrichment 530:539 enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides 530:565 In this study, a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith was synthesized by the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary, and successfully applied for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 4 17 from serum 1093:1097 arg1 profiling 1028:1036 the N-glycosylation sites profiling 1002:1036 the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum 1002:1097 Moreover, such a monolithic capillary column was also applied for the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum. 26695256 4 17 from serum 1093:1097 arg1 digests 1054:1060 6 μg protein digests 1041:1060 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum 1041:1097 Moreover, such a monolithic capillary column was also applied for the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum. 26695256 4 18 theme HeLa 1067:1070 arg1 cells 1072:1076 HeLa cells 1067:1076 HeLa cells 1067:1076 Moreover, such a monolithic capillary column was also applied for the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum. 26695256 1 19 link N-linked 544:551 arg1 glycopeptides 553:565 N-linked glycopeptides 544:565 N-linked glycopeptides 544:565 In this study, a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith was synthesized by the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary, and successfully applied for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 4 20 theme capillary 964:972 arg1 column 974:979 such a monolithic capillary column 946:979 such a monolithic capillary column 946:979 Moreover, such a monolithic capillary column was also applied for the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum. 26695256 5 21 theme scale 1277:1281 arg1 analysis 1299:1306 the large scale glycoproteomics analysis 1267:1306 the large scale glycoproteomics analysis 1267:1306 In total, 530 and 262 unique N-glycosylated peptides were identified, respectively, corresponding to 282 and 124N-glycoproteins, demonstrating its great potential for the large scale glycoproteomics analysis. 26695256 1 22 theme N 382:382 arg1 photo-polymerization 306:325 the in situ photo-polymerization 294:325 the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary 294:445 In this study, a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith was synthesized by the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary, and successfully applied for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 3 23 gly glycopeptides 803:815 arg2 glycopeptides 803:815 6 N-linked glycopeptides 792:815 6 N-linked glycopeptides 792:815 Furthermore, with the mixture of BSA and IgG digests (10,000:1, m/m) as the sample, 6 N-linked glycopeptides were unambiguously identified after enrichment, indicating the high selectivity and good specificity of such material. 26695256 4 24 theme human 1087:1091 arg1 serum 1093:1097 1 μL human serum 1082:1097 1 μL human serum 1082:1097 Moreover, such a monolithic capillary column was also applied for the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum. 26695256 1 25 theme in 298:299 arg1 photo-polymerization 306:325 the in situ photo-polymerization 294:325 the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary 294:445 In this study, a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith was synthesized by the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary, and successfully applied for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 3 26 theme good 901:904 arg1 specificity 906:916 good specificity 901:916 good specificity 901:916 Furthermore, with the mixture of BSA and IgG digests (10,000:1, m/m) as the sample, 6 N-linked glycopeptides were unambiguously identified after enrichment, indicating the high selectivity and good specificity of such material. 26695256 0 27 theme monolithic 27:36 arg1 column 48:53 hydrophilic monolithic capillary column 15:53 hydrophilic monolithic capillary column 15:53 Preparation of hydrophilic monolithic capillary column by in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone and acrylamide for highly selective and sensitive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 3 28 theme BSA 741:743 arg1 digests 753:759 BSA and IgG digests 741:759 BSA and IgG digests (10,000:1, m/m) as the sample 741:789 Furthermore, with the mixture of BSA and IgG digests (10,000:1, m/m) as the sample, 6 N-linked glycopeptides were unambiguously identified after enrichment, indicating the high selectivity and good specificity of such material. 26695256 1 29 theme hydrophilic 477:487 arg1 HILIC 517:521 HILIC 517:521 HILIC 517:521 In this study, a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith was synthesized by the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary, and successfully applied for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 1 29 theme hydrophilic 477:487 arg1 chromatography 501:514 hydrophilic interaction chromatography 477:514 hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides 477:565 In this study, a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith was synthesized by the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary, and successfully applied for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 3 30 dep digests 753:759 arg1 m/m 772:774 m/m 772:774 m/m 772:774 Furthermore, with the mixture of BSA and IgG digests (10,000:1, m/m) as the sample, 6 N-linked glycopeptides were unambiguously identified after enrichment, indicating the high selectivity and good specificity of such material. 26695256 3 30 dep digests 753:759 arg1 10,000:1 762:769 10,000:1 762:769 10,000:1 762:769 Furthermore, with the mixture of BSA and IgG digests (10,000:1, m/m) as the sample, 6 N-linked glycopeptides were unambiguously identified after enrichment, indicating the high selectivity and good specificity of such material. 26695256 0 31 theme hydrophilic 15:25 arg1 column 48:53 hydrophilic monolithic capillary column 15:53 hydrophilic monolithic capillary column 15:53 Preparation of hydrophilic monolithic capillary column by in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone and acrylamide for highly selective and sensitive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 0 32 theme selective 140:148 arg1 enrichment 164:173 highly selective and sensitive enrichment 133:173 highly selective and sensitive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides 133:199 Preparation of hydrophilic monolithic capillary column by in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone and acrylamide for highly selective and sensitive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 5 33 theme large 1271:1275 arg1 analysis 1299:1306 the large scale glycoproteomics analysis 1267:1306 the large scale glycoproteomics analysis 1267:1306 In total, 530 and 262 unique N-glycosylated peptides were identified, respectively, corresponding to 282 and 124N-glycoproteins, demonstrating its great potential for the large scale glycoproteomics analysis. 26695256 0 34 link N-linked 178:185 arg1 glycopeptides 187:199 N-linked glycopeptides 178:199 N-linked glycopeptides 178:199 Preparation of hydrophilic monolithic capillary column by in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone and acrylamide for highly selective and sensitive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 1 35 theme novel 219:223 arg1 kind 225:228 a novel kind 217:228 a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith 217:273 In this study, a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith was synthesized by the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary, and successfully applied for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 0 36 theme column 48:53 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of hydrophilic monolithic capillary column by in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone and acrylamide for highly selective and sensitive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 0:200 Preparation of hydrophilic monolithic capillary column by in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone and acrylamide for highly selective and sensitive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 3 37 theme high 880:883 arg1 selectivity 885:895 high selectivity 880:895 high selectivity 880:895 Furthermore, with the mixture of BSA and IgG digests (10,000:1, m/m) as the sample, 6 N-linked glycopeptides were unambiguously identified after enrichment, indicating the high selectivity and good specificity of such material. 26695256 0 38 dep in 58:59 arg1 situ 61:64 situ 61:64 situ 61:64 Preparation of hydrophilic monolithic capillary column by in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone and acrylamide for highly selective and sensitive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 4 39 theme protein 1046:1052 arg1 digests 1054:1060 6 μg protein digests 1041:1060 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum 1041:1097 Moreover, such a monolithic capillary column was also applied for the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum. 26695256 0 40 theme capillary 38:46 arg1 column 48:53 hydrophilic monolithic capillary column 15:53 hydrophilic monolithic capillary column 15:53 Preparation of hydrophilic monolithic capillary column by in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone and acrylamide for highly selective and sensitive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 1 41 theme N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone 330:352 arg1 photo-polymerization 306:325 the in situ photo-polymerization 294:325 the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary 294:445 In this study, a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith was synthesized by the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary, and successfully applied for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 0 42 theme sensitive 154:162 arg1 enrichment 164:173 highly selective and sensitive enrichment 133:173 highly selective and sensitive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides 133:199 Preparation of hydrophilic monolithic capillary column by in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone and acrylamide for highly selective and sensitive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 2 43 gly glycopeptides 644:656 arg2 glycopeptides 644:656 18 glycopeptides 641:656 18 glycopeptides 641:656 With 2 μg of the tryptic digests of IgG as the sample, after enrichment, 18 glycopeptides could be identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis. 26695256 1 44 theme interaction 489:499 arg1 HILIC 517:521 HILIC 517:521 HILIC 517:521 In this study, a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith was synthesized by the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary, and successfully applied for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 1 44 theme interaction 489:499 arg1 chromatography 501:514 hydrophilic interaction chromatography 477:514 hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides 477:565 In this study, a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith was synthesized by the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary, and successfully applied for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 0 45 theme in 58:59 arg1 photo-polymerization 66:85 in situ photo-polymerization 58:85 in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone and acrylamide for highly selective and sensitive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides 58:199 Preparation of hydrophilic monolithic capillary column by in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone and acrylamide for highly selective and sensitive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 3 46 theme digests 753:759 arg1 mixture 730:736 the mixture 726:736 the mixture of BSA and IgG digests (10,000:1, m/m) as the sample 726:789 Furthermore, with the mixture of BSA and IgG digests (10,000:1, m/m) as the sample, 6 N-linked glycopeptides were unambiguously identified after enrichment, indicating the high selectivity and good specificity of such material. 26695256 0 47 theme N-linked 178:185 arg1 glycopeptides 187:199 N-linked glycopeptides 178:199 N-linked glycopeptides 178:199 Preparation of hydrophilic monolithic capillary column by in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone and acrylamide for highly selective and sensitive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 2 48 theme MS 695:696 arg1 analysis 698:705 MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis 681:705 MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis 681:705 With 2 μg of the tryptic digests of IgG as the sample, after enrichment, 18 glycopeptides could be identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis. 26695256 5 49 theme great 1247:1251 arg1 potential 1253:1261 its great potential 1243:1261 its great potential for the large scale glycoproteomics analysis 1243:1306 In total, 530 and 262 unique N-glycosylated peptides were identified, respectively, corresponding to 282 and 124N-glycoproteins, demonstrating its great potential for the large scale glycoproteomics analysis. 26695256 5 50 theme unique 1122:1127 arg1 peptides 1144:1151 530 and 262 unique N-glycosylated peptides 1110:1151 530 and 262 unique N-glycosylated peptides 1110:1151 In total, 530 and 262 unique N-glycosylated peptides were identified, respectively, corresponding to 282 and 124N-glycoproteins, demonstrating its great potential for the large scale glycoproteomics analysis. 26695256 4 51 gly N-glycosylation 1006:1020 arg2 sites 1022:1026 N-glycosylation sites 1006:1026 the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum 1002:1097 Moreover, such a monolithic capillary column was also applied for the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum. 26695256 2 52 theme MALDI-TOF/TOF 681:693 arg1 analysis 698:705 MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis 681:705 MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis 681:705 With 2 μg of the tryptic digests of IgG as the sample, after enrichment, 18 glycopeptides could be identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis. 26695256 4 53 theme μg 1043:1044 arg1 digests 1054:1060 6 μg protein digests 1041:1060 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum 1041:1097 Moreover, such a monolithic capillary column was also applied for the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum. 26695256 3 54 theme IgG 749:751 arg1 digests 753:759 BSA and IgG digests 741:759 BSA and IgG digests (10,000:1, m/m) as the sample 741:789 Furthermore, with the mixture of BSA and IgG digests (10,000:1, m/m) as the sample, 6 N-linked glycopeptides were unambiguously identified after enrichment, indicating the high selectivity and good specificity of such material. 26695256 3 55 link N-linked 794:801 arg1 glycopeptides 803:815 6 N-linked glycopeptides 792:815 6 N-linked glycopeptides 792:815 Furthermore, with the mixture of BSA and IgG digests (10,000:1, m/m) as the sample, 6 N-linked glycopeptides were unambiguously identified after enrichment, indicating the high selectivity and good specificity of such material. 26695256 3 56 theme such 921:924 arg1 material 926:933 such material 921:933 such material 921:933 Furthermore, with the mixture of BSA and IgG digests (10,000:1, m/m) as the sample, 6 N-linked glycopeptides were unambiguously identified after enrichment, indicating the high selectivity and good specificity of such material. 26695256 1 57 theme amide 233:237 arg1 monolith 266:273 amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith 233:273 amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith 233:273 In this study, a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith was synthesized by the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary, and successfully applied for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 0 58 theme glycopeptides 187:199 arg1 enrichment 164:173 highly selective and sensitive enrichment 133:173 highly selective and sensitive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides 133:199 Preparation of hydrophilic monolithic capillary column by in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone and acrylamide for highly selective and sensitive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 5 59 gly 124N-glycoproteins 1209:1226 arg1 124N-glycoproteins 1209:1226 124N-glycoproteins 1209:1226 124N-glycoproteins 1209:1226 In total, 530 and 262 unique N-glycosylated peptides were identified, respectively, corresponding to 282 and 124N-glycoproteins, demonstrating its great potential for the large scale glycoproteomics analysis. 26695256 3 60 theme material 926:933 arg1 selectivity 885:895 high selectivity 880:895 high selectivity 880:895 Furthermore, with the mixture of BSA and IgG digests (10,000:1, m/m) as the sample, 6 N-linked glycopeptides were unambiguously identified after enrichment, indicating the high selectivity and good specificity of such material. 26695256 3 60 theme material 926:933 arg1 specificity 906:916 good specificity 901:916 good specificity 901:916 Furthermore, with the mixture of BSA and IgG digests (10,000:1, m/m) as the sample, 6 N-linked glycopeptides were unambiguously identified after enrichment, indicating the high selectivity and good specificity of such material. 26695256 3 61 dep selectivity 885:895 arg1 the 876:878 the 876:878 the 876:878 Furthermore, with the mixture of BSA and IgG digests (10,000:1, m/m) as the sample, 6 N-linked glycopeptides were unambiguously identified after enrichment, indicating the high selectivity and good specificity of such material. 26695256 4 62 theme digests 1054:1060 arg1 profiling 1028:1036 the N-glycosylation sites profiling 1002:1036 the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum 1002:1097 Moreover, such a monolithic capillary column was also applied for the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum. 26695256 1 63 theme functionalized 239:252 arg1 monolith 266:273 amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith 233:273 amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith 233:273 In this study, a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith was synthesized by the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary, and successfully applied for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 1 64 theme UV 422:423 arg1 capillary 437:445 a UV transparent capillary 420:445 a UV transparent capillary 420:445 In this study, a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith was synthesized by the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary, and successfully applied for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 3 65 theme N-linked 794:801 arg1 glycopeptides 803:815 6 N-linked glycopeptides 792:815 6 N-linked glycopeptides 792:815 Furthermore, with the mixture of BSA and IgG digests (10,000:1, m/m) as the sample, 6 N-linked glycopeptides were unambiguously identified after enrichment, indicating the high selectivity and good specificity of such material. 26695256 1 66 theme hydrophilic 254:264 arg1 monolith 266:273 amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith 233:273 amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith 233:273 In this study, a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith was synthesized by the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary, and successfully applied for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 5 67 theme glycoproteomics 1283:1297 arg1 analysis 1299:1306 the large scale glycoproteomics analysis 1267:1306 the large scale glycoproteomics analysis 1267:1306 In total, 530 and 262 unique N-glycosylated peptides were identified, respectively, corresponding to 282 and 124N-glycoproteins, demonstrating its great potential for the large scale glycoproteomics analysis. 26695256 1 68 gly glycopeptides 553:565 arg2 glycopeptides 553:565 N-linked glycopeptides 544:565 N-linked glycopeptides 544:565 In this study, a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith was synthesized by the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary, and successfully applied for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 26695256 4 69 theme monolithic 953:962 arg1 column 974:979 such a monolithic capillary column 946:979 such a monolithic capillary column 946:979 Moreover, such a monolithic capillary column was also applied for the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum. 26695256 4 70 from profiling 1028:1036 arg1 cells 1072:1076 HeLa cells 1067:1076 HeLa cells 1067:1076 Moreover, such a monolithic capillary column was also applied for the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum. 26695256 4 70 from profiling 1028:1036 arg1 serum 1093:1097 1 μL human serum 1082:1097 1 μL human serum 1082:1097 Moreover, such a monolithic capillary column was also applied for the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum. 26695256 4 71 theme sites 1022:1026 arg1 profiling 1028:1036 the N-glycosylation sites profiling 1002:1036 the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum 1002:1097 Moreover, such a monolithic capillary column was also applied for the N-glycosylation sites profiling of 6 μg protein digests from HeLa cells and 1 μL human serum. 26695256 1 72 theme monolith 266:273 arg1 kind 225:228 a novel kind 217:228 a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith 217:273 In this study, a novel kind of amide functionalized hydrophilic monolith was synthesized by the in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), acrylamide (AM), and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in a UV transparent capillary, and successfully applied for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. 28096468 2 0 theme OGT 633:635 arg1 expression 637:646 OGT expression 633:646 OGT expression 633:646 Xenograft tumors from colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown grew significantly slower than those formed from control cells, indicating a reduced proliferation of tumor cells due to inhibition of OGT expression. 28096468 3 1 theme tumor 714:718 arg1 cells 720:724 the tumor cells 710:724 the tumor cells 710:724 Significant reduction of the CCSC population was observed in the tumor cells after OGT knockdown, whereas tumor cells treated with the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor showed an increased CCSC population, indicating that O-GlcNAc levels regulated the CCSC compartment. 28096468 0 2 theme Factor 200:205 arg1 MYBL1 207:211 Transcriptional Factor MYBL1 184:211 Transcriptional Factor MYBL1 184:211 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Expression Levels Epigenetically Regulate Colon Cancer Tumorigenesis by Affecting the Cancer Stem Cell Compartment via Modulating Expression of Transcriptional Factor MYBL1. 28096468 4 3 theme O-GlcNAc 1078:1085 arg1 levels 1068:1073 reduced levels 1060:1073 reduced levels of O-GlcNAc 1060:1085 When grown in suspension, tumor cells with OGT knockdown showed a reduced ability to form tumorspheres, indicating a reduced self-renewal of CCSC due to reduced levels of O-GlcNAc. 28096468 6 4 theme RNA-sequencing 1329:1342 arg1 analysis 1344:1351 RNA-sequencing analysis 1329:1351 RNA-sequencing analysis 1329:1351 RNA-sequencing analysis showed an increased expression of MYBL1 in tumor cells with OGT knockdown. 28096468 7 5 theme reduced 1468:1474 arg1 population 1476:1485 a reduced population 1466:1485 a reduced population of CCSC and tumor growth 1466:1510 Forced overexpression of MYBL1 led to a reduced population of CCSC and tumor growth in vivo, similar to the effects of OGT silencing. 28096468 10 6 theme tumor 2031:2035 arg1 progression 2037:2047 tumor progression 2031:2047 tumor progression 2031:2047 The aberrant CCSC compartment observed after modulating O-GlcNAc levels is therefore likely to result, at least in part, from the epigenetic regulation of MYBL1 expression by O-GlcNAc, thereby significantly affecting tumor progression. 28096468 5 7 from promoter 1227:1234 arg1 enrichment 1179:1188 significant chromatin enrichment 1157:1188 significant chromatin enrichment of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins at the promoter of the transcription factor MYBL1, which was also characterized by the presence of H3K27me3 1157:1326 ChIP-sequencing experiments using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody revealed significant chromatin enrichment of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins at the promoter of the transcription factor MYBL1, which was also characterized by the presence of H3K27me3. 28096468 4 8 theme OGT 950:952 arg1 knockdown 954:962 OGT knockdown 950:962 OGT knockdown 950:962 When grown in suspension, tumor cells with OGT knockdown showed a reduced ability to form tumorspheres, indicating a reduced self-renewal of CCSC due to reduced levels of O-GlcNAc. 28096468 0 9 theme Stem 133:136 arg1 Compartment 143:153 the Cancer Stem Cell Compartment 122:153 the Cancer Stem Cell Compartment 122:153 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Expression Levels Epigenetically Regulate Colon Cancer Tumorigenesis by Affecting the Cancer Stem Cell Compartment via Modulating Expression of Transcriptional Factor MYBL1. 28096468 5 10 theme ChIP-sequencing 1088:1102 arg1 experiments 1104:1114 ChIP-sequencing experiments 1088:1114 ChIP-sequencing experiments using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody 1088:1146 ChIP-sequencing experiments using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody revealed significant chromatin enrichment of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins at the promoter of the transcription factor MYBL1, which was also characterized by the presence of H3K27me3. 28096468 10 11 theme CCSC 1827:1830 arg1 compartment 1832:1842 The aberrant CCSC compartment 1814:1842 The aberrant CCSC compartment observed after modulating O-GlcNAc levels 1814:1884 The aberrant CCSC compartment observed after modulating O-GlcNAc levels is therefore likely to result, at least in part, from the epigenetic regulation of MYBL1 expression by O-GlcNAc, thereby significantly affecting tumor progression. 28096468 10 11 theme CCSC 1827:1830 arg1 likely 1899:1904 likely 1899:1904 likely 1899:1904 The aberrant CCSC compartment observed after modulating O-GlcNAc levels is therefore likely to result, at least in part, from the epigenetic regulation of MYBL1 expression by O-GlcNAc, thereby significantly affecting tumor progression. 28096468 7 12 theme MYBL1 1453:1457 arg1 overexpression 1435:1448 Forced overexpression 1428:1448 Forced overexpression of MYBL1 1428:1457 Forced overexpression of MYBL1 led to a reduced population of CCSC and tumor growth in vivo, similar to the effects of OGT silencing. 28096468 4 13 theme reduced 1060:1066 arg1 levels 1068:1073 reduced levels 1060:1073 reduced levels of O-GlcNAc 1060:1085 When grown in suspension, tumor cells with OGT knockdown showed a reduced ability to form tumorspheres, indicating a reduced self-renewal of CCSC due to reduced levels of O-GlcNAc. 28096468 3 14 theme O-GlcNAcase 784:794 arg1 inhibitor 796:804 the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor 780:804 the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor 780:804 Significant reduction of the CCSC population was observed in the tumor cells after OGT knockdown, whereas tumor cells treated with the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor showed an increased CCSC population, indicating that O-GlcNAc levels regulated the CCSC compartment. 28096468 5 15 theme proteins 1211:1218 arg1 enrichment 1179:1188 significant chromatin enrichment 1157:1188 significant chromatin enrichment of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins at the promoter of the transcription factor MYBL1, which was also characterized by the presence of H3K27me3 1157:1326 ChIP-sequencing experiments using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody revealed significant chromatin enrichment of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins at the promoter of the transcription factor MYBL1, which was also characterized by the presence of H3K27me3. 28096468 3 16 theme CCSC 889:892 arg1 compartment 894:904 the CCSC compartment 885:904 the CCSC compartment 885:904 Significant reduction of the CCSC population was observed in the tumor cells after OGT knockdown, whereas tumor cells treated with the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor showed an increased CCSC population, indicating that O-GlcNAc levels regulated the CCSC compartment. 28096468 2 17 theme tumor 600:604 arg1 cells 606:610 tumor cells 600:610 tumor cells 600:610 Xenograft tumors from colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown grew significantly slower than those formed from control cells, indicating a reduced proliferation of tumor cells due to inhibition of OGT expression. 28096468 6 18 theme increased 1363:1371 arg1 expression 1373:1382 an increased expression 1360:1382 an increased expression of MYBL1 in tumor cells with OGT knockdown 1360:1425 RNA-sequencing analysis showed an increased expression of MYBL1 in tumor cells with OGT knockdown. 28096468 3 19 theme increased 816:824 arg1 population 831:840 an increased CCSC population 813:840 an increased CCSC population 813:840 Significant reduction of the CCSC population was observed in the tumor cells after OGT knockdown, whereas tumor cells treated with the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor showed an increased CCSC population, indicating that O-GlcNAc levels regulated the CCSC compartment. 28096468 5 20 theme chromatin 1169:1177 arg1 enrichment 1179:1188 significant chromatin enrichment 1157:1188 significant chromatin enrichment of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins at the promoter of the transcription factor MYBL1, which was also characterized by the presence of H3K27me3 1157:1326 ChIP-sequencing experiments using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody revealed significant chromatin enrichment of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins at the promoter of the transcription factor MYBL1, which was also characterized by the presence of H3K27me3. 28096468 3 21 theme O-GlcNAc 859:866 arg1 levels 868:873 O-GlcNAc levels 859:873 O-GlcNAc levels 859:873 Significant reduction of the CCSC population was observed in the tumor cells after OGT knockdown, whereas tumor cells treated with the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor showed an increased CCSC population, indicating that O-GlcNAc levels regulated the CCSC compartment. 28096468 0 22 theme Cancer 88:93 arg1 Tumorigenesis 95:107 Colon Cancer Tumorigenesis 82:107 Colon Cancer Tumorigenesis 82:107 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Expression Levels Epigenetically Regulate Colon Cancer Tumorigenesis by Affecting the Cancer Stem Cell Compartment via Modulating Expression of Transcriptional Factor MYBL1. 28096468 1 23 theme stem 377:380 arg1 CCSC 389:392 CCSC 389:392 CCSC 389:392 To study the regulation of colorectal adenocarcinoma progression by O-GlcNAc, we have focused on the O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation of human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC). 28096468 1 23 theme stem 377:380 arg1 cells 382:386 human colon cancer stem cells 358:386 human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC) 358:393 To study the regulation of colorectal adenocarcinoma progression by O-GlcNAc, we have focused on the O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation of human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC). 28096468 4 24 theme reduced 973:979 arg1 ability 981:987 a reduced ability 971:987 a reduced ability to form tumorspheres 971:1008 When grown in suspension, tumor cells with OGT knockdown showed a reduced ability to form tumorspheres, indicating a reduced self-renewal of CCSC due to reduced levels of O-GlcNAc. 28096468 5 25 theme anti-O-GlcNAc 1125:1137 arg1 antibody 1139:1146 an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody 1122:1146 an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody 1122:1146 ChIP-sequencing experiments using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody revealed significant chromatin enrichment of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins at the promoter of the transcription factor MYBL1, which was also characterized by the presence of H3K27me3. 28096468 2 26 theme control 547:553 arg1 cells 555:559 control cells 547:559 control cells 547:559 Xenograft tumors from colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown grew significantly slower than those formed from control cells, indicating a reduced proliferation of tumor cells due to inhibition of OGT expression. 28096468 2 27 theme colon 418:422 arg1 cells 430:434 colon tumor cells 418:434 colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown 418:496 Xenograft tumors from colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown grew significantly slower than those formed from control cells, indicating a reduced proliferation of tumor cells due to inhibition of OGT expression. 28096468 6 28 theme OGT 1413:1415 arg1 knockdown 1417:1425 OGT knockdown 1413:1425 OGT knockdown 1413:1425 RNA-sequencing analysis showed an increased expression of MYBL1 in tumor cells with OGT knockdown. 28096468 1 29 theme O-GlcNAc-mediated 315:331 arg1 regulation 344:353 the O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation 311:353 the O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation of human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC) 311:393 To study the regulation of colorectal adenocarcinoma progression by O-GlcNAc, we have focused on the O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation of human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC). 28096468 0 30 theme O-Linked 0:7 arg1 O-GlcNAc 30:37 O-GlcNAc 30:37 O-GlcNAc 30:37 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Expression Levels Epigenetically Regulate Colon Cancer Tumorigenesis by Affecting the Cancer Stem Cell Compartment via Modulating Expression of Transcriptional Factor MYBL1. 28096468 0 30 theme O-Linked 0:7 arg1 N-Acetylglucosamine 9:27 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine 0:27 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Expression Levels 0:56 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Expression Levels Epigenetically Regulate Colon Cancer Tumorigenesis by Affecting the Cancer Stem Cell Compartment via Modulating Expression of Transcriptional Factor MYBL1. 28096468 4 31 with cells 939:943 arg1 knockdown 954:962 OGT knockdown 950:962 OGT knockdown 950:962 When grown in suspension, tumor cells with OGT knockdown showed a reduced ability to form tumorspheres, indicating a reduced self-renewal of CCSC due to reduced levels of O-GlcNAc. 28096468 2 32 theme transferase 470:480 arg1 knockdown 488:496 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown 441:496 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown 441:496 Xenograft tumors from colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown grew significantly slower than those formed from control cells, indicating a reduced proliferation of tumor cells due to inhibition of OGT expression. 28096468 2 33 theme O-linked 441:448 arg1 OGT 483:485 OGT 483:485 OGT 483:485 Xenograft tumors from colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown grew significantly slower than those formed from control cells, indicating a reduced proliferation of tumor cells due to inhibition of OGT expression. 28096468 2 33 theme O-linked 441:448 arg1 transferase 470:480 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 441:480 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown 441:496 Xenograft tumors from colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown grew significantly slower than those formed from control cells, indicating a reduced proliferation of tumor cells due to inhibition of OGT expression. 28096468 5 34 theme transcription 1243:1255 arg1 MYBL1 1264:1268 the transcription factor MYBL1 1239:1268 the transcription factor MYBL1 1239:1268 ChIP-sequencing experiments using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody revealed significant chromatin enrichment of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins at the promoter of the transcription factor MYBL1, which was also characterized by the presence of H3K27me3. 28096468 3 35 theme population 683:692 arg1 reduction 661:669 Significant reduction 649:669 Significant reduction of the CCSC population 649:692 Significant reduction of the CCSC population was observed in the tumor cells after OGT knockdown, whereas tumor cells treated with the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor showed an increased CCSC population, indicating that O-GlcNAc levels regulated the CCSC compartment. 28096468 6 36 from expression 1373:1382 arg1 cells 1402:1406 tumor cells 1396:1406 tumor cells with OGT knockdown 1396:1425 RNA-sequencing analysis showed an increased expression of MYBL1 in tumor cells with OGT knockdown. 28096468 1 37 theme epigenetic 333:342 arg1 regulation 344:353 the O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation 311:353 the O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation of human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC) 311:393 To study the regulation of colorectal adenocarcinoma progression by O-GlcNAc, we have focused on the O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation of human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC). 28096468 8 38 theme start 1611:1615 arg1 site 1617:1620 the transcription start site 1593:1620 the transcription start site of MYBL1 1593:1629 Moreover, two CpG islands near the transcription start site of MYBL1 were identified, and O-GlcNAc levels regulated their methylation status. 28096468 8 38 theme start 1611:1615 arg1 MYBL1 1625:1629 MYBL1 1625:1629 MYBL1 1625:1629 Moreover, two CpG islands near the transcription start site of MYBL1 were identified, and O-GlcNAc levels regulated their methylation status. 28096468 1 39 theme colon 364:368 arg1 CCSC 389:392 CCSC 389:392 CCSC 389:392 To study the regulation of colorectal adenocarcinoma progression by O-GlcNAc, we have focused on the O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation of human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC). 28096468 1 39 theme colon 364:368 arg1 cells 382:386 human colon cancer stem cells 358:386 human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC) 358:393 To study the regulation of colorectal adenocarcinoma progression by O-GlcNAc, we have focused on the O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation of human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC). 28096468 7 40 theme silencing 1551:1559 arg1 effects 1536:1542 the effects 1532:1542 the effects of OGT silencing 1532:1559 Forced overexpression of MYBL1 led to a reduced population of CCSC and tumor growth in vivo, similar to the effects of OGT silencing. 28096468 8 41 theme methylation 1684:1694 arg1 status 1696:1701 their methylation status 1678:1701 their methylation status 1678:1701 Moreover, two CpG islands near the transcription start site of MYBL1 were identified, and O-GlcNAc levels regulated their methylation status. 28096468 1 42 theme colorectal 241:250 arg1 progression 267:277 colorectal adenocarcinoma progression 241:277 colorectal adenocarcinoma progression 241:277 To study the regulation of colorectal adenocarcinoma progression by O-GlcNAc, we have focused on the O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation of human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC). 28096468 2 43 from cells 430:434 arg1 tumors 406:411 Xenograft tumors 396:411 Xenograft tumors from colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown 396:496 Xenograft tumors from colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown grew significantly slower than those formed from control cells, indicating a reduced proliferation of tumor cells due to inhibition of OGT expression. 28096468 1 44 theme progression 267:277 arg1 regulation 227:236 the regulation 223:236 the regulation of colorectal adenocarcinoma progression by O-GlcNAc 223:289 To study the regulation of colorectal adenocarcinoma progression by O-GlcNAc, we have focused on the O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation of human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC). 28096468 3 45 theme OGT 732:734 arg1 knockdown 736:744 OGT knockdown 732:744 OGT knockdown 732:744 Significant reduction of the CCSC population was observed in the tumor cells after OGT knockdown, whereas tumor cells treated with the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor showed an increased CCSC population, indicating that O-GlcNAc levels regulated the CCSC compartment. 28096468 0 46 theme MYBL1 207:211 arg1 Expression 170:179 Expression 170:179 Expression of Transcriptional Factor MYBL1 170:211 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Expression Levels Epigenetically Regulate Colon Cancer Tumorigenesis by Affecting the Cancer Stem Cell Compartment via Modulating Expression of Transcriptional Factor MYBL1. 28096468 5 47 theme MYBL1 1264:1268 arg1 promoter 1227:1234 the promoter 1223:1234 the promoter of the transcription factor MYBL1, which was also characterized by the presence of H3K27me3 1223:1326 ChIP-sequencing experiments using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody revealed significant chromatin enrichment of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins at the promoter of the transcription factor MYBL1, which was also characterized by the presence of H3K27me3. 28096468 8 48 theme O-GlcNAc 1652:1659 arg1 levels 1661:1666 O-GlcNAc levels 1652:1666 O-GlcNAc levels 1652:1666 Moreover, two CpG islands near the transcription start site of MYBL1 were identified, and O-GlcNAc levels regulated their methylation status. 28096468 10 49 theme epigenetic 1944:1953 arg1 regulation 1955:1964 the epigenetic regulation 1940:1964 the epigenetic regulation of MYBL1 expression by O-GlcNAc 1940:1996 The aberrant CCSC compartment observed after modulating O-GlcNAc levels is therefore likely to result, at least in part, from the epigenetic regulation of MYBL1 expression by O-GlcNAc, thereby significantly affecting tumor progression. 28096468 10 50 theme aberrant 1818:1825 arg1 compartment 1832:1842 The aberrant CCSC compartment 1814:1842 The aberrant CCSC compartment observed after modulating O-GlcNAc levels 1814:1884 The aberrant CCSC compartment observed after modulating O-GlcNAc levels is therefore likely to result, at least in part, from the epigenetic regulation of MYBL1 expression by O-GlcNAc, thereby significantly affecting tumor progression. 28096468 10 50 theme aberrant 1818:1825 arg1 likely 1899:1904 likely 1899:1904 likely 1899:1904 The aberrant CCSC compartment observed after modulating O-GlcNAc levels is therefore likely to result, at least in part, from the epigenetic regulation of MYBL1 expression by O-GlcNAc, thereby significantly affecting tumor progression. 28096468 2 51 with cells 430:434 arg1 knockdown 488:496 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown 441:496 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown 441:496 Xenograft tumors from colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown grew significantly slower than those formed from control cells, indicating a reduced proliferation of tumor cells due to inhibition of OGT expression. 28096468 7 52 theme tumor 1499:1503 arg1 growth 1505:1510 tumor growth 1499:1510 tumor growth 1499:1510 Forced overexpression of MYBL1 led to a reduced population of CCSC and tumor growth in vivo, similar to the effects of OGT silencing. 28096468 3 53 theme tumor 755:759 arg1 cells 761:765 tumor cells 755:765 tumor cells treated with the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor 755:804 Significant reduction of the CCSC population was observed in the tumor cells after OGT knockdown, whereas tumor cells treated with the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor showed an increased CCSC population, indicating that O-GlcNAc levels regulated the CCSC compartment. 28096468 7 54 theme growth 1505:1510 arg1 population 1476:1485 a reduced population 1466:1485 a reduced population of CCSC and tumor growth 1466:1510 Forced overexpression of MYBL1 led to a reduced population of CCSC and tumor growth in vivo, similar to the effects of OGT silencing. 28096468 7 55 theme CCSC 1490:1493 arg1 population 1476:1485 a reduced population 1466:1485 a reduced population of CCSC and tumor growth 1466:1510 Forced overexpression of MYBL1 led to a reduced population of CCSC and tumor growth in vivo, similar to the effects of OGT silencing. 28096468 10 56 theme expression 1975:1984 arg1 regulation 1955:1964 the epigenetic regulation 1940:1964 the epigenetic regulation of MYBL1 expression by O-GlcNAc 1940:1996 The aberrant CCSC compartment observed after modulating O-GlcNAc levels is therefore likely to result, at least in part, from the epigenetic regulation of MYBL1 expression by O-GlcNAc, thereby significantly affecting tumor progression. 28096468 6 57 with cells 1402:1406 arg1 knockdown 1417:1425 OGT knockdown 1413:1425 OGT knockdown 1413:1425 RNA-sequencing analysis showed an increased expression of MYBL1 in tumor cells with OGT knockdown. 28096468 2 58 theme expression 637:646 arg1 inhibition 619:628 inhibition 619:628 inhibition of OGT expression 619:646 Xenograft tumors from colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown grew significantly slower than those formed from control cells, indicating a reduced proliferation of tumor cells due to inhibition of OGT expression. 28096468 0 59 theme Cell 138:141 arg1 Compartment 143:153 the Cancer Stem Cell Compartment 122:153 the Cancer Stem Cell Compartment 122:153 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Expression Levels Epigenetically Regulate Colon Cancer Tumorigenesis by Affecting the Cancer Stem Cell Compartment via Modulating Expression of Transcriptional Factor MYBL1. 28096468 2 60 theme reduced 575:581 arg1 proliferation 583:595 a reduced proliferation 573:595 a reduced proliferation of tumor cells 573:610 Xenograft tumors from colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown grew significantly slower than those formed from control cells, indicating a reduced proliferation of tumor cells due to inhibition of OGT expression. 28096468 6 61 theme tumor 1396:1400 arg1 cells 1402:1406 tumor cells 1396:1406 tumor cells with OGT knockdown 1396:1425 RNA-sequencing analysis showed an increased expression of MYBL1 in tumor cells with OGT knockdown. 28096468 6 62 theme MYBL1 1387:1391 arg1 expression 1373:1382 an increased expression 1360:1382 an increased expression of MYBL1 in tumor cells with OGT knockdown 1360:1425 RNA-sequencing analysis showed an increased expression of MYBL1 in tumor cells with OGT knockdown. 28096468 10 63 theme O-GlcNAc 1870:1877 arg1 levels 1879:1884 O-GlcNAc levels 1870:1884 O-GlcNAc levels 1870:1884 The aberrant CCSC compartment observed after modulating O-GlcNAc levels is therefore likely to result, at least in part, from the epigenetic regulation of MYBL1 expression by O-GlcNAc, thereby significantly affecting tumor progression. 28096468 5 64 theme O-GlcNAc-modified 1193:1209 arg1 proteins 1211:1218 O-GlcNAc-modified proteins 1193:1218 O-GlcNAc-modified proteins 1193:1218 ChIP-sequencing experiments using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody revealed significant chromatin enrichment of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins at the promoter of the transcription factor MYBL1, which was also characterized by the presence of H3K27me3. 28096468 2 65 theme cells 606:610 arg1 proliferation 583:595 a reduced proliferation 573:595 a reduced proliferation of tumor cells 573:610 Xenograft tumors from colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown grew significantly slower than those formed from control cells, indicating a reduced proliferation of tumor cells due to inhibition of OGT expression. 28096468 0 66 theme Transcriptional 184:198 arg1 MYBL1 207:211 Transcriptional Factor MYBL1 184:211 Transcriptional Factor MYBL1 184:211 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Expression Levels Epigenetically Regulate Colon Cancer Tumorigenesis by Affecting the Cancer Stem Cell Compartment via Modulating Expression of Transcriptional Factor MYBL1. 28096468 3 67 theme Significant 649:659 arg1 reduction 661:669 Significant reduction 649:669 Significant reduction of the CCSC population 649:692 Significant reduction of the CCSC population was observed in the tumor cells after OGT knockdown, whereas tumor cells treated with the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor showed an increased CCSC population, indicating that O-GlcNAc levels regulated the CCSC compartment. 28096468 4 68 theme tumor 933:937 arg1 cells 939:943 tumor cells 933:943 tumor cells with OGT knockdown 933:962 When grown in suspension, tumor cells with OGT knockdown showed a reduced ability to form tumorspheres, indicating a reduced self-renewal of CCSC due to reduced levels of O-GlcNAc. 28096468 7 69 theme Forced 1428:1433 arg1 overexpression 1435:1448 Forced overexpression 1428:1448 Forced overexpression of MYBL1 1428:1457 Forced overexpression of MYBL1 led to a reduced population of CCSC and tumor growth in vivo, similar to the effects of OGT silencing. 28096468 0 70 theme Colon 82:86 arg1 Tumorigenesis 95:107 Colon Cancer Tumorigenesis 82:107 Colon Cancer Tumorigenesis 82:107 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Expression Levels Epigenetically Regulate Colon Cancer Tumorigenesis by Affecting the Cancer Stem Cell Compartment via Modulating Expression of Transcriptional Factor MYBL1. 28096468 3 71 theme CCSC 826:829 arg1 population 831:840 an increased CCSC population 813:840 an increased CCSC population 813:840 Significant reduction of the CCSC population was observed in the tumor cells after OGT knockdown, whereas tumor cells treated with the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor showed an increased CCSC population, indicating that O-GlcNAc levels regulated the CCSC compartment. 28096468 1 72 theme cancer 370:375 arg1 CCSC 389:392 CCSC 389:392 CCSC 389:392 To study the regulation of colorectal adenocarcinoma progression by O-GlcNAc, we have focused on the O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation of human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC). 28096468 1 72 theme cancer 370:375 arg1 cells 382:386 human colon cancer stem cells 358:386 human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC) 358:393 To study the regulation of colorectal adenocarcinoma progression by O-GlcNAc, we have focused on the O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation of human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC). 28096468 5 73 theme H3K27me3 1319:1326 arg1 presence 1307:1314 the presence 1303:1314 the presence of H3K27me3 1303:1326 ChIP-sequencing experiments using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody revealed significant chromatin enrichment of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins at the promoter of the transcription factor MYBL1, which was also characterized by the presence of H3K27me3. 28096468 1 74 theme cells 382:386 arg1 regulation 344:353 the O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation 311:353 the O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation of human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC) 311:393 To study the regulation of colorectal adenocarcinoma progression by O-GlcNAc, we have focused on the O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation of human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC). 28096468 0 75 theme Cancer 126:131 arg1 Compartment 143:153 the Cancer Stem Cell Compartment 122:153 the Cancer Stem Cell Compartment 122:153 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Expression Levels Epigenetically Regulate Colon Cancer Tumorigenesis by Affecting the Cancer Stem Cell Compartment via Modulating Expression of Transcriptional Factor MYBL1. 28096468 8 76 theme CpG 1576:1578 arg1 islands 1580:1586 two CpG islands 1572:1586 two CpG islands near the transcription start site of MYBL1 1572:1629 Moreover, two CpG islands near the transcription start site of MYBL1 were identified, and O-GlcNAc levels regulated their methylation status. 28096468 0 77 theme N-Acetylglucosamine 9:27 arg1 Levels 51:56 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Expression Levels 0:56 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Expression Levels 0:56 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Expression Levels Epigenetically Regulate Colon Cancer Tumorigenesis by Affecting the Cancer Stem Cell Compartment via Modulating Expression of Transcriptional Factor MYBL1. 28096468 5 78 theme significant 1157:1167 arg1 enrichment 1179:1188 significant chromatin enrichment 1157:1188 significant chromatin enrichment of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins at the promoter of the transcription factor MYBL1, which was also characterized by the presence of H3K27me3 1157:1326 ChIP-sequencing experiments using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody revealed significant chromatin enrichment of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins at the promoter of the transcription factor MYBL1, which was also characterized by the presence of H3K27me3. 28096468 4 79 theme CCSC 1048:1051 arg1 self-renewal 1032:1043 self-renewal 1032:1043 self-renewal 1032:1043 When grown in suspension, tumor cells with OGT knockdown showed a reduced ability to form tumorspheres, indicating a reduced self-renewal of CCSC due to reduced levels of O-GlcNAc. 28096468 2 80 theme Xenograft 396:404 arg1 tumors 406:411 Xenograft tumors 396:411 Xenograft tumors from colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown 396:496 Xenograft tumors from colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown grew significantly slower than those formed from control cells, indicating a reduced proliferation of tumor cells due to inhibition of OGT expression. 28096468 3 81 located observed 698:705 arg2 reduction 661:669 Significant reduction 649:669 Significant reduction of the CCSC population 649:692 Significant reduction of the CCSC population was observed in the tumor cells after OGT knockdown, whereas tumor cells treated with the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor showed an increased CCSC population, indicating that O-GlcNAc levels regulated the CCSC compartment. 28096468 3 81 located observed 698:705 arg1 cells 720:724 the tumor cells 710:724 the tumor cells 710:724 Significant reduction of the CCSC population was observed in the tumor cells after OGT knockdown, whereas tumor cells treated with the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor showed an increased CCSC population, indicating that O-GlcNAc levels regulated the CCSC compartment. 28096468 2 82 theme N-acetylglucosamine 450:468 arg1 OGT 483:485 OGT 483:485 OGT 483:485 Xenograft tumors from colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown grew significantly slower than those formed from control cells, indicating a reduced proliferation of tumor cells due to inhibition of OGT expression. 28096468 2 82 theme N-acetylglucosamine 450:468 arg1 transferase 470:480 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 441:480 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown 441:496 Xenograft tumors from colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown grew significantly slower than those formed from control cells, indicating a reduced proliferation of tumor cells due to inhibition of OGT expression. 28096468 8 83 theme transcription 1597:1609 arg1 site 1617:1620 the transcription start site 1593:1620 the transcription start site of MYBL1 1593:1629 Moreover, two CpG islands near the transcription start site of MYBL1 were identified, and O-GlcNAc levels regulated their methylation status. 28096468 8 83 theme transcription 1597:1609 arg1 MYBL1 1625:1629 MYBL1 1625:1629 MYBL1 1625:1629 Moreover, two CpG islands near the transcription start site of MYBL1 were identified, and O-GlcNAc levels regulated their methylation status. 28096468 3 84 theme CCSC 678:681 arg1 population 683:692 the CCSC population 674:692 the CCSC population 674:692 Significant reduction of the CCSC population was observed in the tumor cells after OGT knockdown, whereas tumor cells treated with the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor showed an increased CCSC population, indicating that O-GlcNAc levels regulated the CCSC compartment. 28096468 0 85 theme Expression 40:49 arg1 Levels 51:56 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Expression Levels 0:56 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Expression Levels 0:56 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Expression Levels Epigenetically Regulate Colon Cancer Tumorigenesis by Affecting the Cancer Stem Cell Compartment via Modulating Expression of Transcriptional Factor MYBL1. 28096468 5 86 theme factor 1257:1262 arg1 MYBL1 1264:1268 the transcription factor MYBL1 1239:1268 the transcription factor MYBL1 1239:1268 ChIP-sequencing experiments using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody revealed significant chromatin enrichment of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins at the promoter of the transcription factor MYBL1, which was also characterized by the presence of H3K27me3. 28096468 2 87 theme tumor 424:428 arg1 cells 430:434 colon tumor cells 418:434 colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown 418:496 Xenograft tumors from colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown grew significantly slower than those formed from control cells, indicating a reduced proliferation of tumor cells due to inhibition of OGT expression. 28096468 8 88 theme MYBL1 1625:1629 arg1 site 1617:1620 the transcription start site 1593:1620 the transcription start site of MYBL1 1593:1629 Moreover, two CpG islands near the transcription start site of MYBL1 were identified, and O-GlcNAc levels regulated their methylation status. 28096468 8 88 theme MYBL1 1625:1629 arg1 MYBL1 1625:1629 MYBL1 1625:1629 MYBL1 1625:1629 Moreover, two CpG islands near the transcription start site of MYBL1 were identified, and O-GlcNAc levels regulated their methylation status. 28096468 1 89 theme human 358:362 arg1 CCSC 389:392 CCSC 389:392 CCSC 389:392 To study the regulation of colorectal adenocarcinoma progression by O-GlcNAc, we have focused on the O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation of human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC). 28096468 1 89 theme human 358:362 arg1 cells 382:386 human colon cancer stem cells 358:386 human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC) 358:393 To study the regulation of colorectal adenocarcinoma progression by O-GlcNAc, we have focused on the O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation of human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC). 28096468 2 90 link O-linked 441:448 arg1 OGT 483:485 OGT 483:485 OGT 483:485 Xenograft tumors from colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown grew significantly slower than those formed from control cells, indicating a reduced proliferation of tumor cells due to inhibition of OGT expression. 28096468 2 90 link O-linked 441:448 arg1 transferase 470:480 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 441:480 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown 441:496 Xenograft tumors from colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown grew significantly slower than those formed from control cells, indicating a reduced proliferation of tumor cells due to inhibition of OGT expression. 28096468 1 91 theme adenocarcinoma 252:265 arg1 progression 267:277 colorectal adenocarcinoma progression 241:277 colorectal adenocarcinoma progression 241:277 To study the regulation of colorectal adenocarcinoma progression by O-GlcNAc, we have focused on the O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation of human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC). 28096468 7 92 theme OGT 1547:1549 arg1 silencing 1551:1559 OGT silencing 1547:1559 OGT silencing 1547:1559 Forced overexpression of MYBL1 led to a reduced population of CCSC and tumor growth in vivo, similar to the effects of OGT silencing. 28096468 10 93 theme MYBL1 1969:1973 arg1 expression 1975:1984 MYBL1 expression 1969:1984 MYBL1 expression 1969:1984 The aberrant CCSC compartment observed after modulating O-GlcNAc levels is therefore likely to result, at least in part, from the epigenetic regulation of MYBL1 expression by O-GlcNAc, thereby significantly affecting tumor progression. 27490136 2 0 theme proteins 604:611 arg1 glycans 560:566 the N-linked glycans 547:566 the N-linked glycans of misfolded or incompletely folded proteins 547:611 Owing to their α-1,2 mannosidase activity, the EDEM1-3 proteins are able to process the N-linked glycans of misfolded or incompletely folded proteins, providing the recognition signal for their subsequent degradation. 27490136 9 1 theme protein 1622:1628 arg1 properties 1602:1611 unique properties 1595:1611 unique properties of the M protein 1595:1628 These observations unfold unique properties of the M protein in the HBV life cycle during unfolded protein response and point to alternative mechanisms employed by EDEMs to alleviate this stress in case of necessity by promoting glycoprotein trafficking rather than degradation. 27490136 7 2 theme N-linked 1365:1372 arg1 glycan 1374:1379 the preS2 N-linked glycan 1355:1379 the preS2 N-linked glycan 1355:1379 This unusual behavior of the M protein requires strictly the mannose trimming of the preS2 N-linked glycan. 27490136 1 3 theme protein 445:451 arg1 response 453:460 the unfolded protein response 432:460 the unfolded protein response 432:460 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 1 4 theme degradation-enhancing 253:273 arg1 EDEMs 304:308 EDEMs 304:308 EDEMs 304:308 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 1 4 theme degradation-enhancing 253:273 arg1 proteins 294:301 degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins 253:301 degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs) 253:309 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 1 4 theme degradation-enhancing 253:273 arg1 family 314:319 a family 312:319 a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response 312:460 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 2 5 theme recognition 628:638 arg1 signal 640:645 the recognition signal 624:645 the recognition signal for their subsequent degradation 624:678 Owing to their α-1,2 mannosidase activity, the EDEM1-3 proteins are able to process the N-linked glycans of misfolded or incompletely folded proteins, providing the recognition signal for their subsequent degradation. 27490136 7 6 theme protein 1305:1311 arg1 behavior 1287:1294 This unusual behavior 1274:1294 This unusual behavior of the M protein 1274:1311 This unusual behavior of the M protein requires strictly the mannose trimming of the preS2 N-linked glycan. 27490136 5 7 theme proteins 1069:1076 arg1 degradation 1046:1056 degradation 1046:1056 degradation of L and S proteins 1046:1076 Here, we report that these oligosaccharides are processed by EDEMs, more efficiently by EDEM3, which induces degradation of L and S proteins, accompanied by a reduction of subviral particles production. 27490136 6 8 theme striking 1143:1150 arg1 contrast 1152:1159 striking contrast 1143:1159 striking contrast 1143:1159 In striking contrast, M not only is spared from degradation but its trafficking is also accelerated leading to an improved secretion. 27490136 2 9 link N-linked 551:558 arg1 glycans 560:566 the N-linked glycans 547:566 the N-linked glycans of misfolded or incompletely folded proteins 547:611 Owing to their α-1,2 mannosidase activity, the EDEM1-3 proteins are able to process the N-linked glycans of misfolded or incompletely folded proteins, providing the recognition signal for their subsequent degradation. 27490136 9 10 gly glycoprotein 1798:1809 arg1 glycoprotein 1798:1809 glycoprotein trafficking 1798:1821 glycoprotein trafficking rather than degradation 1798:1845 These observations unfold unique properties of the M protein in the HBV life cycle during unfolded protein response and point to alternative mechanisms employed by EDEMs to alleviate this stress in case of necessity by promoting glycoprotein trafficking rather than degradation. 27490136 1 11 theme hepatitis 206:214 arg1 HBV 225:227 HBV 225:227 HBV 225:227 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 1 11 theme hepatitis 206:214 arg1 virus 218:222 the human hepatitis B virus 196:222 the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) 196:228 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 2 12 theme misfolded 571:579 arg1 proteins 604:611 misfolded or incompletely folded proteins 571:611 misfolded or incompletely folded proteins 571:611 Owing to their α-1,2 mannosidase activity, the EDEM1-3 proteins are able to process the N-linked glycans of misfolded or incompletely folded proteins, providing the recognition signal for their subsequent degradation. 27490136 3 13 gly glycosylation 760:772 arg2 site 774:777 an N-linked glycosylation site 748:777 an N-linked glycosylation site in the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins 748:843 The HBV small (S), medium (M), and large (L) surface proteins bear an N-linked glycosylation site in the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins. 27490136 1 14 theme α-mannosidase-like 275:292 arg1 EDEMs 304:308 EDEMs 304:308 EDEMs 304:308 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 1 14 theme α-mannosidase-like 275:292 arg1 proteins 294:301 degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins 253:301 degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs) 253:309 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 1 14 theme α-mannosidase-like 275:292 arg1 family 314:319 a family 312:319 a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response 312:460 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 0 15 theme envelope 160:167 arg1 protein 169:175 the middle envelope protein 149:175 the middle envelope protein 149:175 Novel function of the endoplasmic reticulum degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins in the human hepatitis B virus life cycle, mediated by the middle envelope protein. 27490136 3 16 theme common 786:791 arg1 domain 795:800 the common S domain 782:800 the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins 782:843 The HBV small (S), medium (M), and large (L) surface proteins bear an N-linked glycosylation site in the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins. 27490136 9 17 theme life 1641:1644 arg1 cycle 1646:1650 the HBV life cycle 1633:1650 the HBV life cycle 1633:1650 These observations unfold unique properties of the M protein in the HBV life cycle during unfolded protein response and point to alternative mechanisms employed by EDEMs to alleviate this stress in case of necessity by promoting glycoprotein trafficking rather than degradation. 27490136 2 18 theme mannosidase 484:494 arg1 activity 496:503 their α-1,2 mannosidase activity 472:503 their α-1,2 mannosidase activity 472:503 Owing to their α-1,2 mannosidase activity, the EDEM1-3 proteins are able to process the N-linked glycans of misfolded or incompletely folded proteins, providing the recognition signal for their subsequent degradation. 27490136 3 19 used occupied 820:827 arg2 domain 795:800 the common S domain 782:800 the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins 782:843 The HBV small (S), medium (M), and large (L) surface proteins bear an N-linked glycosylation site in the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins. 27490136 9 20 theme protein 1668:1674 arg1 response 1676:1683 unfolded protein response 1659:1683 unfolded protein response 1659:1683 These observations unfold unique properties of the M protein in the HBV life cycle during unfolded protein response and point to alternative mechanisms employed by EDEMs to alleviate this stress in case of necessity by promoting glycoprotein trafficking rather than degradation. 27490136 3 21 theme glycosylation 760:772 arg1 site 774:777 an N-linked glycosylation site 748:777 an N-linked glycosylation site in the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins 748:843 The HBV small (S), medium (M), and large (L) surface proteins bear an N-linked glycosylation site in the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins. 27490136 0 22 theme hepatitis 107:115 arg1 virus 119:123 human hepatitis B virus 101:123 the human hepatitis B virus life cycle 97:134 Novel function of the endoplasmic reticulum degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins in the human hepatitis B virus life cycle, mediated by the middle envelope protein. 27490136 5 23 theme subviral 1109:1116 arg1 particles 1118:1126 subviral particles 1109:1126 subviral particles production 1109:1137 Here, we report that these oligosaccharides are processed by EDEMs, more efficiently by EDEM3, which induces degradation of L and S proteins, accompanied by a reduction of subviral particles production. 27490136 1 24 theme reticulum 361:369 arg1 one 395:397 one 395:397 one 395:397 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 1 24 theme reticulum 361:369 arg1 pathways 406:413 the pathways 402:413 the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response 402:460 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 1 24 theme reticulum 361:369 arg1 degradation 382:392 the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation 345:392 the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation 345:392 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 0 25 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 function 6:13 Novel function 0:13 Novel function 0:13 Novel function of the endoplasmic reticulum degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins in the human hepatitis B virus life cycle, mediated by the middle envelope protein. 27490136 3 26 dep small 689:693 arg1 S 696:696 S 696:696 S 696:696 The HBV small (S), medium (M), and large (L) surface proteins bear an N-linked glycosylation site in the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins. 27490136 3 26 dep small 689:693 arg1 proteins 734:741 surface proteins 726:741 surface proteins 726:741 The HBV small (S), medium (M), and large (L) surface proteins bear an N-linked glycosylation site in the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins. 27490136 4 27 contain contains 860:867 arg1 protein 852:858 The M protein 846:858 The M protein 846:858 The M protein contains an additional site in its preS2 domain, which is always functional. 27490136 4 27 contain contains 860:867 arg2 site 883:886 an additional site 869:886 an additional site 869:886 The M protein contains an additional site in its preS2 domain, which is always functional. 27490136 4 27 contain contains 860:867 arg2 functional 925:934 functional 925:934 functional 925:934 The M protein contains an additional site in its preS2 domain, which is always functional. 27490136 3 28 link N-linked 751:758 arg1 site 774:777 an N-linked glycosylation site 748:777 an N-linked glycosylation site in the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins 748:843 The HBV small (S), medium (M), and large (L) surface proteins bear an N-linked glycosylation site in the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins. 27490136 0 29 theme endoplasmic 22:32 arg1 reticulum 34:42 the endoplasmic reticulum 18:42 the endoplasmic reticulum degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins in the human hepatitis B virus life cycle 18:134 Novel function of the endoplasmic reticulum degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins in the human hepatitis B virus life cycle, mediated by the middle envelope protein. 27490136 8 30 theme endoplasmic 1462:1472 arg1 reticulum 1474:1482 strong endoplasmic reticulum 1455:1482 strong endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions 1455:1500 Furthermore, we show that HBV secretion is significantly inhibited under strong endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions when M expression is prevented by mutagenesis of the viral genome. 27490136 8 31 theme stress 1484:1489 arg1 conditions 1491:1500 strong endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions 1455:1500 strong endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions 1455:1500 Furthermore, we show that HBV secretion is significantly inhibited under strong endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions when M expression is prevented by mutagenesis of the viral genome. 27490136 3 32 contain bear 743:746 arg1 medium 700:705 medium 700:705 medium (M) 700:709 The HBV small (S), medium (M), and large (L) surface proteins bear an N-linked glycosylation site in the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins. 27490136 3 32 contain bear 743:746 arg1 M 708:708 M 708:708 M 708:708 The HBV small (S), medium (M), and large (L) surface proteins bear an N-linked glycosylation site in the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins. 27490136 3 32 contain bear 743:746 arg1 L 723:723 L 723:723 L 723:723 The HBV small (S), medium (M), and large (L) surface proteins bear an N-linked glycosylation site in the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins. 27490136 3 32 contain bear 743:746 arg1 small 689:693 small 689:693 small 689:693 The HBV small (S), medium (M), and large (L) surface proteins bear an N-linked glycosylation site in the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins. 27490136 3 32 contain bear 743:746 arg2 site 774:777 an N-linked glycosylation site 748:777 an N-linked glycosylation site in the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins 748:843 The HBV small (S), medium (M), and large (L) surface proteins bear an N-linked glycosylation site in the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins. 27490136 3 32 contain bear 743:746 arg1 large 716:720 large 716:720 large 716:720 The HBV small (S), medium (M), and large (L) surface proteins bear an N-linked glycosylation site in the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins. 27490136 5 33 theme particles 1118:1126 arg1 production 1128:1137 subviral particles production 1109:1137 subviral particles production 1109:1137 Here, we report that these oligosaccharides are processed by EDEMs, more efficiently by EDEM3, which induces degradation of L and S proteins, accompanied by a reduction of subviral particles production. 27490136 8 34 theme genome 1561:1566 arg1 mutagenesis 1536:1546 mutagenesis 1536:1546 mutagenesis of the viral genome 1536:1566 Furthermore, we show that HBV secretion is significantly inhibited under strong endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions when M expression is prevented by mutagenesis of the viral genome. 27490136 7 35 theme glycan 1374:1379 arg1 trimming 1343:1350 the mannose trimming 1331:1350 the mannose trimming of the preS2 N-linked glycan 1331:1379 This unusual behavior of the M protein requires strictly the mannose trimming of the preS2 N-linked glycan. 27490136 1 36 theme high 238:241 arg1 levels 243:248 high levels 238:248 high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response 238:460 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 7 37 theme preS2 1359:1363 arg1 glycan 1374:1379 the preS2 N-linked glycan 1355:1379 the preS2 N-linked glycan 1355:1379 This unusual behavior of the M protein requires strictly the mannose trimming of the preS2 N-linked glycan. 27490136 2 38 theme folded 597:602 arg1 proteins 604:611 misfolded or incompletely folded proteins 571:611 misfolded or incompletely folded proteins 571:611 Owing to their α-1,2 mannosidase activity, the EDEM1-3 proteins are able to process the N-linked glycans of misfolded or incompletely folded proteins, providing the recognition signal for their subsequent degradation. 27490136 1 39 theme unfolded 436:443 arg1 response 453:460 the unfolded protein response 432:460 the unfolded protein response 432:460 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 4 40 from site 883:886 arg1 domain 901:906 its preS2 domain 891:906 its preS2 domain 891:906 The M protein contains an additional site in its preS2 domain, which is always functional. 27490136 9 41 theme glycoprotein 1798:1809 arg1 trafficking 1811:1821 glycoprotein trafficking 1798:1821 glycoprotein trafficking rather than degradation 1798:1845 These observations unfold unique properties of the M protein in the HBV life cycle during unfolded protein response and point to alternative mechanisms employed by EDEMs to alleviate this stress in case of necessity by promoting glycoprotein trafficking rather than degradation. 27490136 7 42 theme mannose 1335:1341 arg1 trimming 1343:1350 the mannose trimming 1331:1350 the mannose trimming of the preS2 N-linked glycan 1331:1379 This unusual behavior of the M protein requires strictly the mannose trimming of the preS2 N-linked glycan. 27490136 9 43 theme unfolded 1659:1666 arg1 response 1676:1683 unfolded protein response 1659:1683 unfolded protein response 1659:1683 These observations unfold unique properties of the M protein in the HBV life cycle during unfolded protein response and point to alternative mechanisms employed by EDEMs to alleviate this stress in case of necessity by promoting glycoprotein trafficking rather than degradation. 27490136 9 44 theme unique 1595:1600 arg1 properties 1602:1611 unique properties 1595:1611 unique properties of the M protein 1595:1628 These observations unfold unique properties of the M protein in the HBV life cycle during unfolded protein response and point to alternative mechanisms employed by EDEMs to alleviate this stress in case of necessity by promoting glycoprotein trafficking rather than degradation. 27490136 7 45 theme M 1303:1303 arg1 protein 1305:1311 the M protein 1299:1311 the M protein 1299:1311 This unusual behavior of the M protein requires strictly the mannose trimming of the preS2 N-linked glycan. 27490136 1 46 theme human 200:204 arg1 HBV 225:227 HBV 225:227 HBV 225:227 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 1 46 theme human 200:204 arg1 virus 218:222 the human hepatitis B virus 196:222 the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) 196:228 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 4 47 theme M 850:850 arg1 protein 852:858 The M protein 846:858 The M protein 846:858 The M protein contains an additional site in its preS2 domain, which is always functional. 27490136 1 48 theme B 216:216 arg1 HBV 225:227 HBV 225:227 HBV 225:227 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 1 48 theme B 216:216 arg1 virus 218:222 the human hepatitis B virus 196:222 the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) 196:228 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 9 49 theme M 1620:1620 arg1 protein 1622:1628 the M protein 1616:1628 the M protein 1616:1628 These observations unfold unique properties of the M protein in the HBV life cycle during unfolded protein response and point to alternative mechanisms employed by EDEMs to alleviate this stress in case of necessity by promoting glycoprotein trafficking rather than degradation. 27490136 7 50 theme unusual 1279:1285 arg1 behavior 1287:1294 This unusual behavior 1274:1294 This unusual behavior of the M protein 1274:1311 This unusual behavior of the M protein requires strictly the mannose trimming of the preS2 N-linked glycan. 27490136 9 51 theme HBV 1637:1639 arg1 cycle 1646:1650 the HBV life cycle 1633:1650 the HBV life cycle 1633:1650 These observations unfold unique properties of the M protein in the HBV life cycle during unfolded protein response and point to alternative mechanisms employed by EDEMs to alleviate this stress in case of necessity by promoting glycoprotein trafficking rather than degradation. 27490136 0 52 theme B 117:117 arg1 virus 119:123 human hepatitis B virus 101:123 the human hepatitis B virus life cycle 97:134 Novel function of the endoplasmic reticulum degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins in the human hepatitis B virus life cycle, mediated by the middle envelope protein. 27490136 0 53 theme middle 153:158 arg1 protein 169:175 the middle envelope protein 149:175 the middle envelope protein 149:175 Novel function of the endoplasmic reticulum degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins in the human hepatitis B virus life cycle, mediated by the middle envelope protein. 27490136 1 54 theme pathways 406:413 arg1 one 395:397 one 395:397 one 395:397 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 1 54 theme pathways 406:413 arg1 pathways 406:413 the pathways 402:413 the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response 402:460 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 1 54 theme pathways 406:413 arg1 degradation 382:392 the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation 345:392 the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation 345:392 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 2 55 theme N-linked 551:558 arg1 glycans 560:566 the N-linked glycans 547:566 the N-linked glycans of misfolded or incompletely folded proteins 547:611 Owing to their α-1,2 mannosidase activity, the EDEM1-3 proteins are able to process the N-linked glycans of misfolded or incompletely folded proteins, providing the recognition signal for their subsequent degradation. 27490136 7 56 link N-linked 1365:1372 arg1 glycan 1374:1379 the preS2 N-linked glycan 1355:1379 the preS2 N-linked glycan 1355:1379 This unusual behavior of the M protein requires strictly the mannose trimming of the preS2 N-linked glycan. 27490136 3 57 theme N-linked 751:758 arg1 site 774:777 an N-linked glycosylation site 748:777 an N-linked glycosylation site in the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins 748:843 The HBV small (S), medium (M), and large (L) surface proteins bear an N-linked glycosylation site in the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins. 27490136 3 58 theme S 793:793 arg1 domain 795:800 the common S domain 782:800 the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins 782:843 The HBV small (S), medium (M), and large (L) surface proteins bear an N-linked glycosylation site in the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins. 27490136 4 59 theme preS2 895:899 arg1 domain 901:906 its preS2 domain 891:906 its preS2 domain 891:906 The M protein contains an additional site in its preS2 domain, which is always functional. 27490136 0 60 theme human 101:105 arg1 virus 119:123 human hepatitis B virus 101:123 the human hepatitis B virus life cycle 97:134 Novel function of the endoplasmic reticulum degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins in the human hepatitis B virus life cycle, mediated by the middle envelope protein. 27490136 1 61 theme proteins 324:331 arg1 proteins 294:301 degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins 253:301 degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs) 253:309 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 1 61 theme proteins 324:331 arg1 family 314:319 a family 312:319 a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response 312:460 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 2 62 theme α-1,2 478:482 arg1 activity 496:503 their α-1,2 mannosidase activity 472:503 their α-1,2 mannosidase activity 472:503 Owing to their α-1,2 mannosidase activity, the EDEM1-3 proteins are able to process the N-linked glycans of misfolded or incompletely folded proteins, providing the recognition signal for their subsequent degradation. 27490136 2 63 theme subsequent 657:666 arg1 degradation 668:678 their subsequent degradation 651:678 their subsequent degradation 651:678 Owing to their α-1,2 mannosidase activity, the EDEM1-3 proteins are able to process the N-linked glycans of misfolded or incompletely folded proteins, providing the recognition signal for their subsequent degradation. 27490136 6 64 theme improved 1254:1261 arg1 secretion 1263:1271 an improved secretion 1251:1271 an improved secretion 1251:1271 In striking contrast, M not only is spared from degradation but its trafficking is also accelerated leading to an improved secretion. 27490136 4 65 theme additional 872:881 arg1 functional 925:934 functional 925:934 functional 925:934 The M protein contains an additional site in its preS2 domain, which is always functional. 27490136 4 65 theme additional 872:881 arg1 site 883:886 an additional site 869:886 an additional site 869:886 The M protein contains an additional site in its preS2 domain, which is always functional. 27490136 8 66 theme HBV 1408:1410 arg1 secretion 1412:1420 HBV secretion 1408:1420 HBV secretion 1408:1420 Furthermore, we show that HBV secretion is significantly inhibited under strong endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions when M expression is prevented by mutagenesis of the viral genome. 27490136 0 67 theme life 125:128 arg1 cycle 130:134 the human hepatitis B virus life cycle 97:134 the human hepatitis B virus life cycle 97:134 Novel function of the endoplasmic reticulum degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins in the human hepatitis B virus life cycle, mediated by the middle envelope protein. 27490136 1 68 theme endoplasmic 349:359 arg1 reticulum 361:369 the endoplasmic reticulum 345:369 the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation 345:392 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 1 69 theme associated 371:380 arg1 one 395:397 one 395:397 one 395:397 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 1 69 theme associated 371:380 arg1 pathways 406:413 the pathways 402:413 the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response 402:460 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 1 69 theme associated 371:380 arg1 degradation 382:392 the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation 345:392 the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation 345:392 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 9 70 theme alternative 1698:1708 arg1 mechanisms 1710:1719 alternative mechanisms 1698:1719 alternative mechanisms employed by EDEMs to alleviate this stress in case of necessity by promoting glycoprotein trafficking rather than degradation 1698:1845 These observations unfold unique properties of the M protein in the HBV life cycle during unfolded protein response and point to alternative mechanisms employed by EDEMs to alleviate this stress in case of necessity by promoting glycoprotein trafficking rather than degradation. 27490136 1 71 theme proteins 294:301 arg1 levels 243:248 high levels 238:248 high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response 238:460 Cells replicating the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) express high levels of degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs), a family of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, one of the pathways activated during the unfolded protein response. 27490136 8 72 theme strong 1455:1460 arg1 reticulum 1474:1482 strong endoplasmic reticulum 1455:1482 strong endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions 1455:1500 Furthermore, we show that HBV secretion is significantly inhibited under strong endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions when M expression is prevented by mutagenesis of the viral genome. 27490136 3 73 from site 774:777 arg1 domain 795:800 the common S domain 782:800 the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins 782:843 The HBV small (S), medium (M), and large (L) surface proteins bear an N-linked glycosylation site in the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins. 27490136 0 74 theme reticulum 34:42 arg1 function 6:13 Novel function 0:13 Novel function 0:13 Novel function of the endoplasmic reticulum degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins in the human hepatitis B virus life cycle, mediated by the middle envelope protein. 27490136 8 75 theme reticulum 1474:1482 arg1 conditions 1491:1500 strong endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions 1455:1500 strong endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions 1455:1500 Furthermore, we show that HBV secretion is significantly inhibited under strong endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions when M expression is prevented by mutagenesis of the viral genome. 27490136 0 76 theme virus 119:123 arg1 cycle 130:134 the human hepatitis B virus life cycle 97:134 the human hepatitis B virus life cycle 97:134 Novel function of the endoplasmic reticulum degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins in the human hepatitis B virus life cycle, mediated by the middle envelope protein. 27490136 0 77 theme α-mannosidase-like 66:83 arg1 proteins 85:92 α-mannosidase-like proteins 66:92 α-mannosidase-like proteins 66:92 Novel function of the endoplasmic reticulum degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins in the human hepatitis B virus life cycle, mediated by the middle envelope protein. 27490136 5 78 theme L 1061:1061 arg1 proteins 1069:1076 L and S proteins 1061:1076 L and S proteins 1061:1076 Here, we report that these oligosaccharides are processed by EDEMs, more efficiently by EDEM3, which induces degradation of L and S proteins, accompanied by a reduction of subviral particles production. 27490136 8 79 theme viral 1555:1559 arg1 genome 1561:1566 the viral genome 1551:1566 the viral genome 1551:1566 Furthermore, we show that HBV secretion is significantly inhibited under strong endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions when M expression is prevented by mutagenesis of the viral genome. 27490136 5 80 theme S 1067:1067 arg1 proteins 1069:1076 L and S proteins 1061:1076 L and S proteins 1061:1076 Here, we report that these oligosaccharides are processed by EDEMs, more efficiently by EDEM3, which induces degradation of L and S proteins, accompanied by a reduction of subviral particles production. 27490136 8 81 theme M 1507:1507 arg1 expression 1509:1518 M expression 1507:1518 M expression 1507:1518 Furthermore, we show that HBV secretion is significantly inhibited under strong endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions when M expression is prevented by mutagenesis of the viral genome. 27490136 5 82 theme production 1128:1137 arg1 reduction 1096:1104 a reduction 1094:1104 a reduction of subviral particles production 1094:1137 Here, we report that these oligosaccharides are processed by EDEMs, more efficiently by EDEM3, which induces degradation of L and S proteins, accompanied by a reduction of subviral particles production. 27490136 6 83 dep contrast 1152:1159 arg1 only 1168:1171 only 1168:1171 only 1168:1171 In striking contrast, M not only is spared from degradation but its trafficking is also accelerated leading to an improved secretion. 27490136 5 84 dep processed 985:993 arg1 accompanied 1079:1089 accompanied 1079:1089 accompanied by a reduction of subviral particles production 1079:1137 Here, we report that these oligosaccharides are processed by EDEMs, more efficiently by EDEM3, which induces degradation of L and S proteins, accompanied by a reduction of subviral particles production. 27490136 3 85 theme surface 726:732 arg1 proteins 734:741 surface proteins 726:741 surface proteins 726:741 The HBV small (S), medium (M), and large (L) surface proteins bear an N-linked glycosylation site in the common S domain that is partially occupied in all proteins. 24406064 1 0 theme VWF 280:282 arg1 interaction 284:294 the VWF interaction 276:294 the VWF interaction 276:294 BACKGROUND: O-linked glycans (OLGs) are clustered on either side of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain and modulate its interaction with platelets; however, their influence on the VWF interaction with ADAMTS-13 is unknown. 24406064 1 1 from influence 263:271 arg1 interaction 284:294 the VWF interaction 276:294 the VWF interaction 276:294 BACKGROUND: O-linked glycans (OLGs) are clustered on either side of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain and modulate its interaction with platelets; however, their influence on the VWF interaction with ADAMTS-13 is unknown. 24406064 6 2 theme proteolysis 940:950 arg1 decrease 856:863 The decrease 852:863 The decrease in platelet capture in the presence ADAMTS-13 852:909 The decrease in platelet capture in the presence ADAMTS-13 was used as a measure of VWF proteolysis. 24406064 6 2 theme proteolysis 940:950 arg1 measure 925:931 a measure 923:931 a measure of VWF proteolysis 923:950 The decrease in platelet capture in the presence ADAMTS-13 was used as a measure of VWF proteolysis. 24406064 8 3 theme shear 1425:1429 arg1 flow 1431:1434 shear flow 1425:1434 shear flow 1425:1434 Next, we showed that addition of ADAMTS-13 diminished VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen under flow; surprisingly, this was more pronounced with the S1486A, Cluster 2 and DC variants than with wild-type VWF, indicating that these are proteolyzed more rapidly under shear flow. 24406064 3 4 theme HEK293T 592:598 arg1 cells 600:604 HEK293T cells 592:604 HEK293T cells 592:604 METHODS: OLG sites were mutated individually and as clusters on either and both sides of the A1 domain, and expressed in HEK293T cells. 24406064 1 5 with influence 263:271 arg1 ADAMTS-13 301:309 ADAMTS-13 301:309 ADAMTS-13 301:309 BACKGROUND: O-linked glycans (OLGs) are clustered on either side of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain and modulate its interaction with platelets; however, their influence on the VWF interaction with ADAMTS-13 is unknown. 24406064 6 6 theme VWF 936:938 arg1 proteolysis 940:950 VWF proteolysis 936:950 VWF proteolysis 936:950 The decrease in platelet capture in the presence ADAMTS-13 was used as a measure of VWF proteolysis. 24406064 6 7 from capture 877:883 arg1 presence 892:899 the presence ADAMTS-13 888:909 the presence ADAMTS-13 888:909 The decrease in platelet capture in the presence ADAMTS-13 was used as a measure of VWF proteolysis. 24406064 9 8 theme conformational 1569:1582 arg1 changes 1584:1590 VWF conformational changes 1565:1590 VWF conformational changes 1565:1590 CONCLUSIONS: OLGs provide rigidity to peptide backbones, and our findings suggest that OLG in the A1-A2 linker region regulates VWF conformational changes under shear. 24406064 8 9 with pronounced 1289:1298 arg1 variants 1334:1341 DC variants 1331:1341 DC variants 1331:1341 Next, we showed that addition of ADAMTS-13 diminished VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen under flow; surprisingly, this was more pronounced with the S1486A, Cluster 2 and DC variants than with wild-type VWF, indicating that these are proteolyzed more rapidly under shear flow. 24406064 8 9 with pronounced 1289:1298 arg1 VWF 1363:1365 wild-type VWF 1353:1365 wild-type VWF 1353:1365 Next, we showed that addition of ADAMTS-13 diminished VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen under flow; surprisingly, this was more pronounced with the S1486A, Cluster 2 and DC variants than with wild-type VWF, indicating that these are proteolyzed more rapidly under shear flow. 24406064 8 9 with pronounced 1289:1298 arg1 Cluster 1317:1323 Cluster 2 1317:1325 Cluster 2 1317:1325 Next, we showed that addition of ADAMTS-13 diminished VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen under flow; surprisingly, this was more pronounced with the S1486A, Cluster 2 and DC variants than with wild-type VWF, indicating that these are proteolyzed more rapidly under shear flow. 24406064 8 9 with pronounced 1289:1298 arg1 S1486A 1309:1314 the S1486A 1305:1314 the S1486A 1305:1314 Next, we showed that addition of ADAMTS-13 diminished VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen under flow; surprisingly, this was more pronounced with the S1486A, Cluster 2 and DC variants than with wild-type VWF, indicating that these are proteolyzed more rapidly under shear flow. 24406064 0 10 with interaction 65:75 arg1 ADAMTS-13 82:90 ADAMTS-13 82:90 ADAMTS-13 82:90 The O-linked glycans of human von Willebrand factor modulate its interaction with ADAMTS-13. 24406064 5 11 theme s 844:844 arg1 stress 829:834 a shear stress 821:834 a shear stress of 1500 s(-1) 821:848 Next, a parallel-flow chamber was used to analyze VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen in the presence and absence of ADAMTS-13 under a shear stress of 1500 s(-1) . 24406064 2 12 theme specific 448:455 arg1 distribution 457:468 their specific distribution 442:468 their specific distribution 442:468 OBJECTIVES: To assess the role of the OLGs in VWF susceptibility to ADAMTS-13 proteolysis, which would help to explain their specific distribution. 24406064 0 13 link O-linked 4:11 arg1 glycans 13:19 The O-linked glycans 0:19 The O-linked glycans of human von Willebrand factor 0:50 The O-linked glycans of human von Willebrand factor modulate its interaction with ADAMTS-13. 24406064 3 14 theme OLG 480:482 arg1 sites 484:488 OLG sites 480:488 OLG sites 480:488 METHODS: OLG sites were mutated individually and as clusters on either and both sides of the A1 domain, and expressed in HEK293T cells. 24406064 7 15 theme C-terminal 1021:1030 arg1 S1486A 1032:1037 C-terminal S1486A 1021:1037 C-terminal S1486A 1021:1037 RESULTS: Initially, we found that, under denaturing conditions, the C-terminal S1486A and Cluster 2 and double cluster (DC) variants were less susceptible to ADAMTS-13 proteolysis than wild-type VWF. 24406064 8 16 theme DC 1331:1332 arg1 variants 1334:1341 DC variants 1331:1341 DC variants 1331:1341 Next, we showed that addition of ADAMTS-13 diminished VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen under flow; surprisingly, this was more pronounced with the S1486A, Cluster 2 and DC variants than with wild-type VWF, indicating that these are proteolyzed more rapidly under shear flow. 24406064 9 17 theme peptide 1475:1481 arg1 backbones 1483:1491 peptide backbones 1475:1491 peptide backbones 1475:1491 CONCLUSIONS: OLGs provide rigidity to peptide backbones, and our findings suggest that OLG in the A1-A2 linker region regulates VWF conformational changes under shear. 24406064 6 18 used used 915:918 arg2 measure 925:931 a measure 923:931 a measure of VWF proteolysis 923:950 The decrease in platelet capture in the presence ADAMTS-13 was used as a measure of VWF proteolysis. 24406064 6 18 used used 915:918 arg2 decrease 856:863 The decrease 852:863 The decrease in platelet capture in the presence ADAMTS-13 852:909 The decrease in platelet capture in the presence ADAMTS-13 was used as a measure of VWF proteolysis. 24406064 4 19 theme urea 676:679 arg1 presence 664:671 the presence 660:671 the presence of urea 660:679 First, their proteolysis by ADAMTS-13 was assayed in the presence of urea. 24406064 9 20 from OLG 1524:1526 arg1 region 1548:1553 the A1-A2 linker region 1531:1553 the A1-A2 linker region 1531:1553 CONCLUSIONS: OLGs provide rigidity to peptide backbones, and our findings suggest that OLG in the A1-A2 linker region regulates VWF conformational changes under shear. 24406064 7 21 theme S1486A 1032:1037 arg1 variants 1077:1084 the C-terminal S1486A and Cluster 2 and double cluster (DC) variants 1017:1084 the C-terminal S1486A and Cluster 2 and double cluster (DC) variants 1017:1084 RESULTS: Initially, we found that, under denaturing conditions, the C-terminal S1486A and Cluster 2 and double cluster (DC) variants were less susceptible to ADAMTS-13 proteolysis than wild-type VWF. 24406064 7 21 theme S1486A 1032:1037 arg1 susceptible 1096:1106 susceptible 1096:1106 susceptible 1096:1106 RESULTS: Initially, we found that, under denaturing conditions, the C-terminal S1486A and Cluster 2 and double cluster (DC) variants were less susceptible to ADAMTS-13 proteolysis than wild-type VWF. 24406064 10 22 dep in 1774:1775 arg1 vitro 1777:1781 vitro 1777:1781 vitro 1777:1781 Importantly, the impact of OLGs on ADAMTS-13 cleavage under shear stress is the opposite of that under denaturing conditions, highlighting the non-physiologic nature of in vitro cleavage assays. 24406064 7 23 theme wild-type 1138:1146 arg1 VWF 1148:1150 wild-type VWF 1138:1150 wild-type VWF 1138:1150 RESULTS: Initially, we found that, under denaturing conditions, the C-terminal S1486A and Cluster 2 and double cluster (DC) variants were less susceptible to ADAMTS-13 proteolysis than wild-type VWF. 24406064 8 24 from capture 1229:1235 arg1 collagen 1240:1247 collagen 1240:1247 collagen under flow 1240:1258 Next, we showed that addition of ADAMTS-13 diminished VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen under flow; surprisingly, this was more pronounced with the S1486A, Cluster 2 and DC variants than with wild-type VWF, indicating that these are proteolyzed more rapidly under shear flow. 24406064 0 25 theme O-linked 4:11 arg1 glycans 13:19 The O-linked glycans 0:19 The O-linked glycans of human von Willebrand factor 0:50 The O-linked glycans of human von Willebrand factor modulate its interaction with ADAMTS-13. 24406064 9 26 theme VWF 1565:1567 arg1 changes 1584:1590 VWF conformational changes 1565:1590 VWF conformational changes 1565:1590 CONCLUSIONS: OLGs provide rigidity to peptide backbones, and our findings suggest that OLG in the A1-A2 linker region regulates VWF conformational changes under shear. 24406064 7 27 theme ADAMTS-13 1111:1119 arg1 proteolysis 1121:1131 ADAMTS-13 proteolysis 1111:1131 ADAMTS-13 proteolysis 1111:1131 RESULTS: Initially, we found that, under denaturing conditions, the C-terminal S1486A and Cluster 2 and double cluster (DC) variants were less susceptible to ADAMTS-13 proteolysis than wild-type VWF. 24406064 9 28 theme linker 1541:1546 arg1 region 1548:1553 the A1-A2 linker region 1531:1553 the A1-A2 linker region 1531:1553 CONCLUSIONS: OLGs provide rigidity to peptide backbones, and our findings suggest that OLG in the A1-A2 linker region regulates VWF conformational changes under shear. 24406064 5 29 theme shear 823:827 arg1 stress 829:834 a shear stress 821:834 a shear stress of 1500 s(-1) 821:848 Next, a parallel-flow chamber was used to analyze VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen in the presence and absence of ADAMTS-13 under a shear stress of 1500 s(-1) . 24406064 2 30 theme VWF 369:371 arg1 susceptibility 373:386 VWF susceptibility 369:386 VWF susceptibility 369:386 OBJECTIVES: To assess the role of the OLGs in VWF susceptibility to ADAMTS-13 proteolysis, which would help to explain their specific distribution. 24406064 10 31 theme in 1774:1775 arg1 assays 1792:1797 in vitro cleavage assays 1774:1797 in vitro cleavage assays 1774:1797 Importantly, the impact of OLGs on ADAMTS-13 cleavage under shear stress is the opposite of that under denaturing conditions, highlighting the non-physiologic nature of in vitro cleavage assays. 24406064 6 32 from decrease 856:863 arg1 capture 877:883 platelet capture 868:883 platelet capture in the presence ADAMTS-13 868:909 The decrease in platelet capture in the presence ADAMTS-13 was used as a measure of VWF proteolysis. 24406064 10 33 theme that 1697:1700 arg1 that 1697:1700 that 1697:1700 that 1697:1700 Importantly, the impact of OLGs on ADAMTS-13 cleavage under shear stress is the opposite of that under denaturing conditions, highlighting the non-physiologic nature of in vitro cleavage assays. 24406064 10 33 theme that 1697:1700 arg1 impact 1622:1627 the impact 1618:1627 the impact of OLGs on ADAMTS-13 cleavage under shear stress 1618:1676 Importantly, the impact of OLGs on ADAMTS-13 cleavage under shear stress is the opposite of that under denaturing conditions, highlighting the non-physiologic nature of in vitro cleavage assays. 24406064 10 33 theme that 1697:1700 arg1 opposite 1685:1692 opposite 1685:1692 opposite 1685:1692 Importantly, the impact of OLGs on ADAMTS-13 cleavage under shear stress is the opposite of that under denaturing conditions, highlighting the non-physiologic nature of in vitro cleavage assays. 24406064 7 34 theme denaturing 994:1003 arg1 conditions 1005:1014 denaturing conditions 994:1014 denaturing conditions 994:1014 RESULTS: Initially, we found that, under denaturing conditions, the C-terminal S1486A and Cluster 2 and double cluster (DC) variants were less susceptible to ADAMTS-13 proteolysis than wild-type VWF. 24406064 8 35 theme wild-type 1353:1361 arg1 VWF 1363:1365 wild-type VWF 1353:1365 wild-type VWF 1353:1365 Next, we showed that addition of ADAMTS-13 diminished VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen under flow; surprisingly, this was more pronounced with the S1486A, Cluster 2 and DC variants than with wild-type VWF, indicating that these are proteolyzed more rapidly under shear flow. 24406064 8 36 theme VWF-mediated 1207:1218 arg1 capture 1229:1235 VWF-mediated platelet capture 1207:1235 VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen under flow 1207:1258 Next, we showed that addition of ADAMTS-13 diminished VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen under flow; surprisingly, this was more pronounced with the S1486A, Cluster 2 and DC variants than with wild-type VWF, indicating that these are proteolyzed more rapidly under shear flow. 24406064 10 37 from impact 1622:1627 arg1 cleavage 1650:1657 ADAMTS-13 cleavage 1640:1657 ADAMTS-13 cleavage under shear stress 1640:1676 Importantly, the impact of OLGs on ADAMTS-13 cleavage under shear stress is the opposite of that under denaturing conditions, highlighting the non-physiologic nature of in vitro cleavage assays. 24406064 1 38 theme von 165:167 arg1 factor 180:185 von Willebrand factor 165:185 the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain 161:201 BACKGROUND: O-linked glycans (OLGs) are clustered on either side of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain and modulate its interaction with platelets; however, their influence on the VWF interaction with ADAMTS-13 is unknown. 24406064 2 39 theme OLGs 361:364 arg1 role 349:352 the role 345:352 the role of the OLGs in VWF susceptibility to ADAMTS-13 proteolysis, which would help to explain their specific distribution 345:468 OBJECTIVES: To assess the role of the OLGs in VWF susceptibility to ADAMTS-13 proteolysis, which would help to explain their specific distribution. 24406064 10 40 theme shear 1665:1669 arg1 stress 1671:1676 shear stress 1665:1676 shear stress 1665:1676 Importantly, the impact of OLGs on ADAMTS-13 cleavage under shear stress is the opposite of that under denaturing conditions, highlighting the non-physiologic nature of in vitro cleavage assays. 24406064 3 41 theme A1 564:565 arg1 domain 567:572 the A1 domain 560:572 the A1 domain 560:572 METHODS: OLG sites were mutated individually and as clusters on either and both sides of the A1 domain, and expressed in HEK293T cells. 24406064 5 42 dep presence 781:788 arg1 the 777:779 the 777:779 the 777:779 Next, a parallel-flow chamber was used to analyze VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen in the presence and absence of ADAMTS-13 under a shear stress of 1500 s(-1) . 24406064 3 43 from clusters 523:530 arg1 either 535:540 either 535:540 either 535:540 METHODS: OLG sites were mutated individually and as clusters on either and both sides of the A1 domain, and expressed in HEK293T cells. 24406064 3 43 from clusters 523:530 arg1 sides 551:555 both sides 546:555 both sides 546:555 METHODS: OLG sites were mutated individually and as clusters on either and both sides of the A1 domain, and expressed in HEK293T cells. 24406064 1 44 theme Willebrand 169:178 arg1 factor 180:185 von Willebrand factor 165:185 the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain 161:201 BACKGROUND: O-linked glycans (OLGs) are clustered on either side of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain and modulate its interaction with platelets; however, their influence on the VWF interaction with ADAMTS-13 is unknown. 24406064 0 45 theme von 30:32 arg1 factor 45:50 human von Willebrand factor 24:50 human von Willebrand factor 24:50 The O-linked glycans of human von Willebrand factor modulate its interaction with ADAMTS-13. 24406064 10 46 theme non-physiologic 1748:1762 arg1 nature 1764:1769 the non-physiologic nature 1744:1769 the non-physiologic nature of in vitro cleavage assays 1744:1797 Importantly, the impact of OLGs on ADAMTS-13 cleavage under shear stress is the opposite of that under denaturing conditions, highlighting the non-physiologic nature of in vitro cleavage assays. 24406064 5 47 theme VWF-mediated 732:743 arg1 capture 754:760 VWF-mediated platelet capture 732:760 VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen in the presence and absence of ADAMTS-13 732:813 Next, a parallel-flow chamber was used to analyze VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen in the presence and absence of ADAMTS-13 under a shear stress of 1500 s(-1) . 24406064 1 48 theme factor 180:185 arg1 domain 196:201 the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain 161:201 the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain 161:201 BACKGROUND: O-linked glycans (OLGs) are clustered on either side of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain and modulate its interaction with platelets; however, their influence on the VWF interaction with ADAMTS-13 is unknown. 24406064 0 49 theme human 24:28 arg1 factor 45:50 human von Willebrand factor 24:50 human von Willebrand factor 24:50 The O-linked glycans of human von Willebrand factor modulate its interaction with ADAMTS-13. 24406064 8 50 theme ADAMTS-13 1186:1194 arg1 addition 1174:1181 addition 1174:1181 addition of ADAMTS-13 1174:1194 Next, we showed that addition of ADAMTS-13 diminished VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen under flow; surprisingly, this was more pronounced with the S1486A, Cluster 2 and DC variants than with wild-type VWF, indicating that these are proteolyzed more rapidly under shear flow. 24406064 8 51 theme platelet 1220:1227 arg1 capture 1229:1235 VWF-mediated platelet capture 1207:1235 VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen under flow 1207:1258 Next, we showed that addition of ADAMTS-13 diminished VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen under flow; surprisingly, this was more pronounced with the S1486A, Cluster 2 and DC variants than with wild-type VWF, indicating that these are proteolyzed more rapidly under shear flow. 24406064 5 52 theme platelet 745:752 arg1 capture 754:760 VWF-mediated platelet capture 732:760 VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen in the presence and absence of ADAMTS-13 732:813 Next, a parallel-flow chamber was used to analyze VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen in the presence and absence of ADAMTS-13 under a shear stress of 1500 s(-1) . 24406064 2 53 theme ADAMTS-13 391:399 arg1 proteolysis 401:411 ADAMTS-13 proteolysis 391:411 ADAMTS-13 proteolysis 391:411 OBJECTIVES: To assess the role of the OLGs in VWF susceptibility to ADAMTS-13 proteolysis, which would help to explain their specific distribution. 24406064 10 54 theme assays 1792:1797 arg1 nature 1764:1769 the non-physiologic nature 1744:1769 the non-physiologic nature of in vitro cleavage assays 1744:1797 Importantly, the impact of OLGs on ADAMTS-13 cleavage under shear stress is the opposite of that under denaturing conditions, highlighting the non-physiologic nature of in vitro cleavage assays. 24406064 5 55 used used 716:719 arg2 chamber 704:710 a parallel-flow chamber 688:710 a parallel-flow chamber 688:710 Next, a parallel-flow chamber was used to analyze VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen in the presence and absence of ADAMTS-13 under a shear stress of 1500 s(-1) . 24406064 10 56 theme ADAMTS-13 1640:1648 arg1 cleavage 1650:1657 ADAMTS-13 cleavage 1640:1657 ADAMTS-13 cleavage under shear stress 1640:1676 Importantly, the impact of OLGs on ADAMTS-13 cleavage under shear stress is the opposite of that under denaturing conditions, highlighting the non-physiologic nature of in vitro cleavage assays. 24406064 1 57 with interaction 220:230 arg1 platelets 237:245 platelets 237:245 platelets 237:245 BACKGROUND: O-linked glycans (OLGs) are clustered on either side of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain and modulate its interaction with platelets; however, their influence on the VWF interaction with ADAMTS-13 is unknown. 24406064 1 58 theme O-linked 105:112 arg1 OLGs 123:126 OLGs 123:126 OLGs 123:126 BACKGROUND: O-linked glycans (OLGs) are clustered on either side of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain and modulate its interaction with platelets; however, their influence on the VWF interaction with ADAMTS-13 is unknown. 24406064 1 58 theme O-linked 105:112 arg1 glycans 114:120 O-linked glycans 105:120 O-linked glycans (OLGs) 105:127 BACKGROUND: O-linked glycans (OLGs) are clustered on either side of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain and modulate its interaction with platelets; however, their influence on the VWF interaction with ADAMTS-13 is unknown. 24406064 0 59 theme Willebrand 34:43 arg1 factor 45:50 human von Willebrand factor 24:50 human von Willebrand factor 24:50 The O-linked glycans of human von Willebrand factor modulate its interaction with ADAMTS-13. 24406064 10 60 theme cleavage 1783:1790 arg1 assays 1792:1797 in vitro cleavage assays 1774:1797 in vitro cleavage assays 1774:1797 Importantly, the impact of OLGs on ADAMTS-13 cleavage under shear stress is the opposite of that under denaturing conditions, highlighting the non-physiologic nature of in vitro cleavage assays. 24406064 7 61 theme Cluster 1043:1049 arg1 variants 1077:1084 the C-terminal S1486A and Cluster 2 and double cluster (DC) variants 1017:1084 the C-terminal S1486A and Cluster 2 and double cluster (DC) variants 1017:1084 RESULTS: Initially, we found that, under denaturing conditions, the C-terminal S1486A and Cluster 2 and double cluster (DC) variants were less susceptible to ADAMTS-13 proteolysis than wild-type VWF. 24406064 7 61 theme Cluster 1043:1049 arg1 susceptible 1096:1106 susceptible 1096:1106 susceptible 1096:1106 RESULTS: Initially, we found that, under denaturing conditions, the C-terminal S1486A and Cluster 2 and double cluster (DC) variants were less susceptible to ADAMTS-13 proteolysis than wild-type VWF. 24406064 5 62 theme ADAMTS-13 805:813 arg1 absence 794:800 absence 794:800 absence 794:800 Next, a parallel-flow chamber was used to analyze VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen in the presence and absence of ADAMTS-13 under a shear stress of 1500 s(-1) . 24406064 5 62 theme ADAMTS-13 805:813 arg1 presence 781:788 presence 781:788 presence 781:788 Next, a parallel-flow chamber was used to analyze VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen in the presence and absence of ADAMTS-13 under a shear stress of 1500 s(-1) . 24406064 1 63 link O-linked 105:112 arg1 OLGs 123:126 OLGs 123:126 OLGs 123:126 BACKGROUND: O-linked glycans (OLGs) are clustered on either side of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain and modulate its interaction with platelets; however, their influence on the VWF interaction with ADAMTS-13 is unknown. 24406064 1 63 link O-linked 105:112 arg1 glycans 114:120 O-linked glycans 105:120 O-linked glycans (OLGs) 105:127 BACKGROUND: O-linked glycans (OLGs) are clustered on either side of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain and modulate its interaction with platelets; however, their influence on the VWF interaction with ADAMTS-13 is unknown. 24406064 1 64 theme VWF 188:190 arg1 domain 196:201 the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain 161:201 the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain 161:201 BACKGROUND: O-linked glycans (OLGs) are clustered on either side of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain and modulate its interaction with platelets; however, their influence on the VWF interaction with ADAMTS-13 is unknown. 24406064 9 65 theme A1-A2 1535:1539 arg1 region 1548:1553 the A1-A2 linker region 1531:1553 the A1-A2 linker region 1531:1553 CONCLUSIONS: OLGs provide rigidity to peptide backbones, and our findings suggest that OLG in the A1-A2 linker region regulates VWF conformational changes under shear. 24406064 10 66 theme OLGs 1632:1635 arg1 that 1697:1700 that 1697:1700 that 1697:1700 Importantly, the impact of OLGs on ADAMTS-13 cleavage under shear stress is the opposite of that under denaturing conditions, highlighting the non-physiologic nature of in vitro cleavage assays. 24406064 10 66 theme OLGs 1632:1635 arg1 impact 1622:1627 the impact 1618:1627 the impact of OLGs on ADAMTS-13 cleavage under shear stress 1618:1676 Importantly, the impact of OLGs on ADAMTS-13 cleavage under shear stress is the opposite of that under denaturing conditions, highlighting the non-physiologic nature of in vitro cleavage assays. 24406064 10 66 theme OLGs 1632:1635 arg1 opposite 1685:1692 opposite 1685:1692 opposite 1685:1692 Importantly, the impact of OLGs on ADAMTS-13 cleavage under shear stress is the opposite of that under denaturing conditions, highlighting the non-physiologic nature of in vitro cleavage assays. 24406064 2 67 from role 349:352 arg1 susceptibility 373:386 VWF susceptibility 369:386 VWF susceptibility 369:386 OBJECTIVES: To assess the role of the OLGs in VWF susceptibility to ADAMTS-13 proteolysis, which would help to explain their specific distribution. 24406064 7 68 theme double 1057:1062 arg1 cluster 1064:1070 double cluster 1057:1070 double cluster 1057:1070 RESULTS: Initially, we found that, under denaturing conditions, the C-terminal S1486A and Cluster 2 and double cluster (DC) variants were less susceptible to ADAMTS-13 proteolysis than wild-type VWF. 24406064 1 69 theme A1 193:194 arg1 domain 196:201 the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain 161:201 the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain 161:201 BACKGROUND: O-linked glycans (OLGs) are clustered on either side of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain and modulate its interaction with platelets; however, their influence on the VWF interaction with ADAMTS-13 is unknown. 24406064 0 70 theme factor 45:50 arg1 glycans 13:19 The O-linked glycans 0:19 The O-linked glycans of human von Willebrand factor 0:50 The O-linked glycans of human von Willebrand factor modulate its interaction with ADAMTS-13. 24406064 10 71 theme denaturing 1708:1717 arg1 conditions 1719:1728 denaturing conditions 1708:1728 denaturing conditions 1708:1728 Importantly, the impact of OLGs on ADAMTS-13 cleavage under shear stress is the opposite of that under denaturing conditions, highlighting the non-physiologic nature of in vitro cleavage assays. 24406064 6 72 theme platelet 868:875 arg1 capture 877:883 platelet capture 868:883 platelet capture in the presence ADAMTS-13 868:909 The decrease in platelet capture in the presence ADAMTS-13 was used as a measure of VWF proteolysis. 24406064 5 73 from capture 754:760 arg1 absence 794:800 absence 794:800 absence 794:800 Next, a parallel-flow chamber was used to analyze VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen in the presence and absence of ADAMTS-13 under a shear stress of 1500 s(-1) . 24406064 5 73 from capture 754:760 arg1 collagen 765:772 collagen 765:772 collagen 765:772 Next, a parallel-flow chamber was used to analyze VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen in the presence and absence of ADAMTS-13 under a shear stress of 1500 s(-1) . 24406064 5 73 from capture 754:760 arg1 presence 781:788 presence 781:788 presence 781:788 Next, a parallel-flow chamber was used to analyze VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen in the presence and absence of ADAMTS-13 under a shear stress of 1500 s(-1) . 24406064 5 74 theme parallel-flow 690:702 arg1 chamber 704:710 a parallel-flow chamber 688:710 a parallel-flow chamber 688:710 Next, a parallel-flow chamber was used to analyze VWF-mediated platelet capture on collagen in the presence and absence of ADAMTS-13 under a shear stress of 1500 s(-1) . 24406064 1 75 theme domain 196:201 arg1 side 153:156 either side 146:156 either side of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain 146:201 BACKGROUND: O-linked glycans (OLGs) are clustered on either side of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain and modulate its interaction with platelets; however, their influence on the VWF interaction with ADAMTS-13 is unknown. 25965797 0 0 theme viral 69:73 arg1 entry 75:79 viral entry 69:79 viral entry 69:79 Contribution of N-linked glycans on HSV-2 gB to cell-cell fusion and viral entry. 25965797 5 1 theme N-CHO 656:660 arg1 sites 662:666 the seven potential N-CHO sites 636:666 the seven potential N-CHO sites on gB 636:672 Our results demonstrated that, of the seven potential N-CHO sites on gB, mutation at N390, N483 or N668 decreased cell-cell fusion and viral entry, while mutation at N133 mainly affected protein expression and the production of infectious virus particles by blocking the transport of gB from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. 25965797 4 2 theme first 482:486 arg1 time 488:491 the first time 478:491 the first time 478:491 For the first time, we systematically analyzed the contributions of N-linked glycans on gB to cell-cell fusion and viral entry. 25965797 5 3 from reticulum 910:918 arg1 transport 873:881 the transport 869:881 the transport of gB from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi 869:927 Our results demonstrated that, of the seven potential N-CHO sites on gB, mutation at N390, N483 or N668 decreased cell-cell fusion and viral entry, while mutation at N133 mainly affected protein expression and the production of infectious virus particles by blocking the transport of gB from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. 25965797 4 4 theme viral 589:593 arg1 entry 595:599 viral entry 589:599 viral entry 589:599 For the first time, we systematically analyzed the contributions of N-linked glycans on gB to cell-cell fusion and viral entry. 25965797 0 5 from Contribution 0:11 arg1 gB 42:43 HSV-2 gB 36:43 HSV-2 gB 36:43 Contribution of N-linked glycans on HSV-2 gB to cell-cell fusion and viral entry. 25965797 0 6 link N-linked 16:23 arg1 glycans 25:31 N-linked glycans 16:31 N-linked glycans 16:31 Contribution of N-linked glycans on HSV-2 gB to cell-cell fusion and viral entry. 25965797 3 7 link N-linked 387:394 arg1 sites 418:422 seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites 371:422 seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites 371:422 HSV-2 gB has seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites, but their significance has yet to be determined. 25965797 5 8 theme infectious 830:839 arg1 particles 847:855 infectious virus particles 830:855 infectious virus particles 830:855 Our results demonstrated that, of the seven potential N-CHO sites on gB, mutation at N390, N483 or N668 decreased cell-cell fusion and viral entry, while mutation at N133 mainly affected protein expression and the production of infectious virus particles by blocking the transport of gB from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. 25965797 5 9 theme protein 789:795 arg1 expression 797:806 protein expression 789:806 protein expression 789:806 Our results demonstrated that, of the seven potential N-CHO sites on gB, mutation at N390, N483 or N668 decreased cell-cell fusion and viral entry, while mutation at N133 mainly affected protein expression and the production of infectious virus particles by blocking the transport of gB from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. 25965797 5 10 from N483 693:696 arg1 mutation 675:682 mutation 675:682 mutation at N390, N483 or N668 675:704 Our results demonstrated that, of the seven potential N-CHO sites on gB, mutation at N390, N483 or N668 decreased cell-cell fusion and viral entry, while mutation at N133 mainly affected protein expression and the production of infectious virus particles by blocking the transport of gB from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. 25965797 3 11 theme N-linked 387:394 arg1 sites 418:422 seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites 371:422 seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites 371:422 HSV-2 gB has seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites, but their significance has yet to be determined. 25965797 5 12 theme virus 841:845 arg1 particles 847:855 infectious virus particles 830:855 infectious virus particles 830:855 Our results demonstrated that, of the seven potential N-CHO sites on gB, mutation at N390, N483 or N668 decreased cell-cell fusion and viral entry, while mutation at N133 mainly affected protein expression and the production of infectious virus particles by blocking the transport of gB from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. 25965797 2 13 dep glycoproteins 236:248 arg1 H 253:253 H 253:253 H 253:253 HSV-2 glycoprotein B together with glycoproteins D, H and L are indispensable for viral entry, of which gB, as a class III fusogen, plays an essential role. 25965797 2 13 dep glycoproteins 236:248 arg1 D 250:250 D 250:250 D 250:250 HSV-2 glycoprotein B together with glycoproteins D, H and L are indispensable for viral entry, of which gB, as a class III fusogen, plays an essential role. 25965797 2 13 dep glycoproteins 236:248 arg1 L 259:259 L 259:259 L 259:259 HSV-2 glycoprotein B together with glycoproteins D, H and L are indispensable for viral entry, of which gB, as a class III fusogen, plays an essential role. 25965797 2 13 dep glycoproteins 236:248 arg1 glycoproteins 236:248 glycoproteins D, H and L 236:259 glycoproteins D, H and L 236:259 HSV-2 glycoprotein B together with glycoproteins D, H and L are indispensable for viral entry, of which gB, as a class III fusogen, plays an essential role. 25965797 3 14 theme HSV-2 358:362 arg1 gB 364:365 HSV-2 gB 358:365 HSV-2 gB 358:365 HSV-2 gB has seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites, but their significance has yet to be determined. 25965797 5 15 theme particles 847:855 arg1 expression 797:806 protein expression 789:806 protein expression 789:806 Our results demonstrated that, of the seven potential N-CHO sites on gB, mutation at N390, N483 or N668 decreased cell-cell fusion and viral entry, while mutation at N133 mainly affected protein expression and the production of infectious virus particles by blocking the transport of gB from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. 25965797 5 15 theme particles 847:855 arg1 production 816:825 the production 812:825 the production of infectious virus particles 812:855 Our results demonstrated that, of the seven potential N-CHO sites on gB, mutation at N390, N483 or N668 decreased cell-cell fusion and viral entry, while mutation at N133 mainly affected protein expression and the production of infectious virus particles by blocking the transport of gB from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. 25965797 2 16 theme class 314:318 arg1 role 352:355 an essential role 339:355 an essential role 339:355 HSV-2 glycoprotein B together with glycoproteins D, H and L are indispensable for viral entry, of which gB, as a class III fusogen, plays an essential role. 25965797 2 16 theme class 314:318 arg1 fusogen 324:330 a class III fusogen 312:330 a class III fusogen 312:330 HSV-2 glycoprotein B together with glycoproteins D, H and L are indispensable for viral entry, of which gB, as a class III fusogen, plays an essential role. 25965797 2 17 gly glycoproteins 236:248 arg1 H 253:253 H 253:253 H 253:253 HSV-2 glycoprotein B together with glycoproteins D, H and L are indispensable for viral entry, of which gB, as a class III fusogen, plays an essential role. 25965797 2 17 gly glycoproteins 236:248 arg1 D 250:250 D 250:250 D 250:250 HSV-2 glycoprotein B together with glycoproteins D, H and L are indispensable for viral entry, of which gB, as a class III fusogen, plays an essential role. 25965797 2 17 gly glycoproteins 236:248 arg1 L 259:259 L 259:259 L 259:259 HSV-2 glycoprotein B together with glycoproteins D, H and L are indispensable for viral entry, of which gB, as a class III fusogen, plays an essential role. 25965797 2 17 gly glycoproteins 236:248 arg1 glycoproteins 236:248 glycoproteins D, H and L 236:259 glycoproteins D, H and L 236:259 HSV-2 glycoprotein B together with glycoproteins D, H and L are indispensable for viral entry, of which gB, as a class III fusogen, plays an essential role. 25965797 5 18 from N133 768:771 arg1 mutation 756:763 mutation 756:763 mutation at N133 756:771 Our results demonstrated that, of the seven potential N-CHO sites on gB, mutation at N390, N483 or N668 decreased cell-cell fusion and viral entry, while mutation at N133 mainly affected protein expression and the production of infectious virus particles by blocking the transport of gB from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. 25965797 0 19 theme glycans 25:31 arg1 Contribution 0:11 Contribution 0:11 Contribution of N-linked glycans on HSV-2 gB to cell-cell fusion and viral entry 0:79 Contribution of N-linked glycans on HSV-2 gB to cell-cell fusion and viral entry. 25965797 2 20 theme essential 342:350 arg1 role 352:355 an essential role 339:355 an essential role 339:355 HSV-2 glycoprotein B together with glycoproteins D, H and L are indispensable for viral entry, of which gB, as a class III fusogen, plays an essential role. 25965797 2 20 theme essential 342:350 arg1 fusogen 324:330 a class III fusogen 312:330 a class III fusogen 312:330 HSV-2 glycoprotein B together with glycoproteins D, H and L are indispensable for viral entry, of which gB, as a class III fusogen, plays an essential role. 25965797 0 21 theme N-linked 16:23 arg1 glycans 25:31 N-linked glycans 16:31 N-linked glycans 16:31 Contribution of N-linked glycans on HSV-2 gB to cell-cell fusion and viral entry. 25965797 3 22 gly glycosylation 396:408 arg2 seven 371:375 seven 371:375 seven 371:375 HSV-2 gB has seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites, but their significance has yet to be determined. 25965797 3 22 gly glycosylation 396:408 arg2 sites 418:422 seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites 371:422 seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites 371:422 HSV-2 gB has seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites, but their significance has yet to be determined. 25965797 1 23 theme HIV-1 165:169 arg1 risk 157:160 the risk 153:160 the risk of HIV-1 acquisition and transmission 153:198 HSV-2 is the major cause of genital herpes and its infection increases the risk of HIV-1 acquisition and transmission. 25965797 0 24 theme HSV-2 36:40 arg1 gB 42:43 HSV-2 gB 36:43 HSV-2 gB 36:43 Contribution of N-linked glycans on HSV-2 gB to cell-cell fusion and viral entry. 25965797 4 25 theme cell-cell 568:576 arg1 fusion 578:583 cell-cell fusion 568:583 cell-cell fusion 568:583 For the first time, we systematically analyzed the contributions of N-linked glycans on gB to cell-cell fusion and viral entry. 25965797 3 26 contain has 367:369 arg1 gB 364:365 HSV-2 gB 358:365 HSV-2 gB 358:365 HSV-2 gB has seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites, but their significance has yet to be determined. 25965797 3 26 contain has 367:369 arg2 sites 418:422 seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites 371:422 seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites 371:422 HSV-2 gB has seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites, but their significance has yet to be determined. 25965797 2 27 theme glycoprotein 207:218 arg1 B 220:220 HSV-2 glycoprotein B 201:220 HSV-2 glycoprotein B together with glycoproteins D, H and L 201:259 HSV-2 glycoprotein B together with glycoproteins D, H and L are indispensable for viral entry, of which gB, as a class III fusogen, plays an essential role. 25965797 4 28 from contributions 525:537 arg1 gB 562:563 gB 562:563 gB 562:563 For the first time, we systematically analyzed the contributions of N-linked glycans on gB to cell-cell fusion and viral entry. 25965797 4 29 theme glycans 551:557 arg1 contributions 525:537 the contributions 521:537 the contributions of N-linked glycans on gB to cell-cell fusion and viral entry 521:599 For the first time, we systematically analyzed the contributions of N-linked glycans on gB to cell-cell fusion and viral entry. 25965797 2 30 gly glycoprotein 207:218 arg1 glycoprotein 207:218 HSV-2 glycoprotein B 201:220 HSV-2 glycoprotein B together with glycoproteins D, H and L 201:259 HSV-2 glycoprotein B together with glycoproteins D, H and L are indispensable for viral entry, of which gB, as a class III fusogen, plays an essential role. 25965797 5 31 theme viral 737:741 arg1 entry 743:747 viral entry 737:747 viral entry 737:747 Our results demonstrated that, of the seven potential N-CHO sites on gB, mutation at N390, N483 or N668 decreased cell-cell fusion and viral entry, while mutation at N133 mainly affected protein expression and the production of infectious virus particles by blocking the transport of gB from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. 25965797 2 32 theme HSV-2 201:205 arg1 B 220:220 HSV-2 glycoprotein B 201:220 HSV-2 glycoprotein B together with glycoproteins D, H and L 201:259 HSV-2 glycoprotein B together with glycoproteins D, H and L are indispensable for viral entry, of which gB, as a class III fusogen, plays an essential role. 25965797 4 33 theme N-linked 542:549 arg1 glycans 551:557 N-linked glycans 542:557 N-linked glycans 542:557 For the first time, we systematically analyzed the contributions of N-linked glycans on gB to cell-cell fusion and viral entry. 25965797 6 34 theme N-linked 973:980 arg1 glycans 982:988 N-linked glycans 973:988 N-linked glycans 973:988 Our findings highlight the significance of N-linked glycans on HSV-2 gB expression and function. 25965797 5 35 theme potential 646:654 arg1 sites 662:666 the seven potential N-CHO sites 636:666 the seven potential N-CHO sites on gB 636:672 Our results demonstrated that, of the seven potential N-CHO sites on gB, mutation at N390, N483 or N668 decreased cell-cell fusion and viral entry, while mutation at N133 mainly affected protein expression and the production of infectious virus particles by blocking the transport of gB from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. 25965797 6 36 theme HSV-2 993:997 arg1 expression 1002:1011 HSV-2 gB expression 993:1011 HSV-2 gB expression 993:1011 Our findings highlight the significance of N-linked glycans on HSV-2 gB expression and function. 25965797 3 37 theme N-CHO 411:415 arg1 sites 418:422 seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites 371:422 seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites 371:422 HSV-2 gB has seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites, but their significance has yet to be determined. 25965797 5 38 theme endoplasmic 898:908 arg1 reticulum 910:918 the endoplasmic reticulum 894:918 the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi 894:927 Our results demonstrated that, of the seven potential N-CHO sites on gB, mutation at N390, N483 or N668 decreased cell-cell fusion and viral entry, while mutation at N133 mainly affected protein expression and the production of infectious virus particles by blocking the transport of gB from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. 25965797 1 39 theme major 95:99 arg1 cause 101:105 the major cause 91:105 the major cause of genital herpes 91:123 HSV-2 is the major cause of genital herpes and its infection increases the risk of HIV-1 acquisition and transmission. 25965797 1 39 theme major 95:99 arg1 HSV-2 82:86 HSV-2 82:86 HSV-2 82:86 HSV-2 is the major cause of genital herpes and its infection increases the risk of HIV-1 acquisition and transmission. 25965797 5 40 from sites 662:666 arg1 gB 671:672 gB 671:672 gB 671:672 Our results demonstrated that, of the seven potential N-CHO sites on gB, mutation at N390, N483 or N668 decreased cell-cell fusion and viral entry, while mutation at N133 mainly affected protein expression and the production of infectious virus particles by blocking the transport of gB from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. 25965797 5 41 theme gB 886:887 arg1 transport 873:881 the transport 869:881 the transport of gB from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi 869:927 Our results demonstrated that, of the seven potential N-CHO sites on gB, mutation at N390, N483 or N668 decreased cell-cell fusion and viral entry, while mutation at N133 mainly affected protein expression and the production of infectious virus particles by blocking the transport of gB from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. 25965797 3 42 theme glycosylation 396:408 arg1 sites 418:422 seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites 371:422 seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites 371:422 HSV-2 gB has seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites, but their significance has yet to be determined. 25965797 6 43 theme glycans 982:988 arg1 significance 957:968 the significance 953:968 the significance of N-linked glycans on HSV-2 gB expression and function 953:1024 Our findings highlight the significance of N-linked glycans on HSV-2 gB expression and function. 25965797 1 44 theme transmission 187:198 arg1 risk 157:160 the risk 153:160 the risk of HIV-1 acquisition and transmission 153:198 HSV-2 is the major cause of genital herpes and its infection increases the risk of HIV-1 acquisition and transmission. 25965797 5 45 from N668 701:704 arg1 mutation 675:682 mutation 675:682 mutation at N390, N483 or N668 675:704 Our results demonstrated that, of the seven potential N-CHO sites on gB, mutation at N390, N483 or N668 decreased cell-cell fusion and viral entry, while mutation at N133 mainly affected protein expression and the production of infectious virus particles by blocking the transport of gB from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. 25965797 6 46 link N-linked 973:980 arg1 glycans 982:988 N-linked glycans 973:988 N-linked glycans 973:988 Our findings highlight the significance of N-linked glycans on HSV-2 gB expression and function. 25965797 4 47 link N-linked 542:549 arg1 glycans 551:557 N-linked glycans 542:557 N-linked glycans 542:557 For the first time, we systematically analyzed the contributions of N-linked glycans on gB to cell-cell fusion and viral entry. 25965797 6 48 from significance 957:968 arg1 function 1017:1024 function 1017:1024 function 1017:1024 Our findings highlight the significance of N-linked glycans on HSV-2 gB expression and function. 25965797 6 48 from significance 957:968 arg1 expression 1002:1011 HSV-2 gB expression 993:1011 HSV-2 gB expression 993:1011 Our findings highlight the significance of N-linked glycans on HSV-2 gB expression and function. 25965797 2 49 theme viral 283:287 arg1 entry 289:293 viral entry 283:293 viral entry 283:293 HSV-2 glycoprotein B together with glycoproteins D, H and L are indispensable for viral entry, of which gB, as a class III fusogen, plays an essential role. 25965797 6 50 theme gB 999:1000 arg1 expression 1002:1011 HSV-2 gB expression 993:1011 HSV-2 gB expression 993:1011 Our findings highlight the significance of N-linked glycans on HSV-2 gB expression and function. 25965797 5 51 theme cell-cell 716:724 arg1 fusion 726:731 cell-cell fusion 716:731 cell-cell fusion 716:731 Our results demonstrated that, of the seven potential N-CHO sites on gB, mutation at N390, N483 or N668 decreased cell-cell fusion and viral entry, while mutation at N133 mainly affected protein expression and the production of infectious virus particles by blocking the transport of gB from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. 25965797 3 52 theme potential 377:385 arg1 sites 418:422 seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites 371:422 seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites 371:422 HSV-2 gB has seven potential N-linked glycosylation (N-CHO) sites, but their significance has yet to be determined. 25965797 1 53 theme genital 110:116 arg1 herpes 118:123 genital herpes 110:123 genital herpes 110:123 HSV-2 is the major cause of genital herpes and its infection increases the risk of HIV-1 acquisition and transmission. 25965797 0 54 theme cell-cell 48:56 arg1 fusion 58:63 cell-cell fusion 48:63 cell-cell fusion 48:63 Contribution of N-linked glycans on HSV-2 gB to cell-cell fusion and viral entry. 25965797 1 55 dep HIV-1 165:169 arg1 acquisition 171:181 acquisition 171:181 acquisition 171:181 HSV-2 is the major cause of genital herpes and its infection increases the risk of HIV-1 acquisition and transmission. 25965797 1 56 theme herpes 118:123 arg1 cause 101:105 the major cause 91:105 the major cause of genital herpes 91:123 HSV-2 is the major cause of genital herpes and its infection increases the risk of HIV-1 acquisition and transmission. 25965797 1 56 theme herpes 118:123 arg1 HSV-2 82:86 HSV-2 82:86 HSV-2 82:86 HSV-2 is the major cause of genital herpes and its infection increases the risk of HIV-1 acquisition and transmission. 27001691 3 0 theme Selective 359:367 arg1 extraction 369:378 Selective extraction 359:378 Selective extraction of glycopeptides 359:395 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 3 1 from chains 447:452 arg1 glycopeptides 461:473 the glycopeptides 457:473 the glycopeptides with the amine groups 457:495 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 1 2 gly glycoproteins 192:204 arg1 glycoproteins 192:204 glycoproteins 192:204 glycoproteins 192:204 Selective enrichment is a crucial step before the mass spectrometric analysis of glycoproteins. 27001691 3 3 theme captured 556:563 arg1 glycopeptides 565:577 the captured glycopeptides 552:577 the captured glycopeptides 552:577 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 5 4 theme serum 1039:1043 arg1 N-glycoproteome 996:1010 the N-glycoproteome 992:1010 the N-glycoproteome of human colorectal cancer serum 992:1043 This approach was successfully applied to profile the N-glycoproteome of human colorectal cancer serum. 27001691 6 5 gly glycosylation 1058:1070 arg2 sites 1072:1076 84 N-linked glycosylation sites 1046:1076 84 N-linked glycosylation sites from 56 N-linked glycoproteins 1046:1107 84 N-linked glycosylation sites from 56 N-linked glycoproteins were identified from as little as 5 μL serum. 27001691 6 5 gly glycosylation 1058:1070 arg2 84 1046:1047 84 1046:1047 84 1046:1047 84 N-linked glycosylation sites from 56 N-linked glycoproteins were identified from as little as 5 μL serum. 27001691 3 6 theme following 617:625 arg1 analysis 630:637 the following MS analysis 613:637 the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically 613:807 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 6 7 link N-linked 1086:1093 arg1 glycoproteins 1095:1107 56 N-linked glycoproteins 1083:1107 56 N-linked glycoproteins 1083:1107 84 N-linked glycosylation sites from 56 N-linked glycoproteins were identified from as little as 5 μL serum. 27001691 6 8 link N-linked 1049:1056 arg1 sites 1072:1076 84 N-linked glycosylation sites 1046:1076 84 N-linked glycosylation sites from 56 N-linked glycoproteins 1046:1107 84 N-linked glycosylation sites from 56 N-linked glycoproteins were identified from as little as 5 μL serum. 27001691 3 9 gly glycopeptides 565:577 arg2 glycopeptides 565:577 the captured glycopeptides 552:577 the captured glycopeptides 552:577 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 3 10 with glycopeptides 461:473 arg1 groups 490:495 the amine groups 480:495 the amine groups 480:495 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 1 11 theme glycoproteins 192:204 arg1 analysis 180:187 the mass spectrometric analysis 157:187 the mass spectrometric analysis of glycoproteins 157:204 Selective enrichment is a crucial step before the mass spectrometric analysis of glycoproteins. 27001691 3 12 theme enzymatic 757:765 arg1 deglycosylation 767:781 enzymatic deglycosylation 757:781 enzymatic deglycosylation 757:781 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 4 13 theme deglycosylation 874:888 arg1 time 890:893 the deglycosylation time 870:893 the deglycosylation time 870:893 The coupling time was shortened from 4 hours to 1 hour, and the deglycosylation time was greatly shortened from 6 hours to 3 hours. 27001691 5 14 theme colorectal 1021:1030 arg1 serum 1039:1043 human colorectal cancer serum 1015:1043 human colorectal cancer serum 1015:1043 This approach was successfully applied to profile the N-glycoproteome of human colorectal cancer serum. 27001691 0 15 theme solid-phase 5:15 arg1 extraction 17:26 Fast solid-phase extraction 0:26 Fast solid-phase extraction of N-linked glycopeptides by amine-functionalized mesoporous silica 0:94 Fast solid-phase extraction of N-linked glycopeptides by amine-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles. 27001691 3 16 theme deglycosylation 767:781 arg1 efficiency 728:737 the efficiency 724:737 the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation 724:781 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 1 17 theme Selective 111:119 arg1 enrichment 121:130 Selective enrichment 111:130 Selective enrichment 111:130 Selective enrichment is a crucial step before the mass spectrometric analysis of glycoproteins. 27001691 1 17 theme Selective 111:119 arg1 step 145:148 a crucial step 135:148 a crucial step before the mass spectrometric analysis of glycoproteins 135:204 Selective enrichment is a crucial step before the mass spectrometric analysis of glycoproteins. 27001691 0 18 theme Fast 0:3 arg1 extraction 17:26 Fast solid-phase extraction 0:26 Fast solid-phase extraction of N-linked glycopeptides by amine-functionalized mesoporous silica 0:94 Fast solid-phase extraction of N-linked glycopeptides by amine-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles. 27001691 3 19 from coupling 418:425 arg1 SBA-15 500:505 SBA-15 500:505 SBA-15 500:505 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 3 20 theme MS 627:628 arg1 analysis 630:637 the following MS analysis 613:637 the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically 613:807 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 3 21 gly glycopeptides 461:473 arg2 glycopeptides 461:473 the glycopeptides 457:473 the glycopeptides with the amine groups 457:495 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 6 22 gly glycoproteins 1095:1107 arg1 glycoproteins 1095:1107 56 N-linked glycoproteins 1083:1107 56 N-linked glycoproteins 1083:1107 84 N-linked glycosylation sites from 56 N-linked glycoproteins were identified from as little as 5 μL serum. 27001691 0 23 link N-linked 31:38 arg1 glycopeptides 40:52 N-linked glycopeptides 31:52 N-linked glycopeptides 31:52 Fast solid-phase extraction of N-linked glycopeptides by amine-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles. 27001691 4 24 theme coupling 814:821 arg1 time 823:826 The coupling time 810:826 The coupling time 810:826 The coupling time was shortened from 4 hours to 1 hour, and the deglycosylation time was greatly shortened from 6 hours to 3 hours. 27001691 3 25 dep PNGase 656:661 arg1 F. 663:664 F. 663:664 F. 663:664 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 3 25 dep PNGase 656:661 arg1 improved 787:794 improved 787:794 was improved dramatically 783:807 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 3 26 theme oxidized 431:438 arg1 chains 447:452 the oxidized glycan chains 427:452 coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 418:505 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 5 27 theme human 1015:1019 arg1 serum 1039:1043 human colorectal cancer serum 1015:1043 human colorectal cancer serum 1015:1043 This approach was successfully applied to profile the N-glycoproteome of human colorectal cancer serum. 27001691 2 28 theme new 209:211 arg1 approach 213:220 A new approach 207:220 A new approach using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials (SBA-15) 207:315 A new approach using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials (SBA-15) was reported to enrich the glycoproteins. 27001691 3 29 theme reductive 517:525 arg1 reaction 537:544 a reductive amination reaction 515:544 a reductive amination reaction 515:544 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 0 30 theme glycopeptides 40:52 arg1 extraction 17:26 Fast solid-phase extraction 0:26 Fast solid-phase extraction of N-linked glycopeptides by amine-functionalized mesoporous silica 0:94 Fast solid-phase extraction of N-linked glycopeptides by amine-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles. 27001691 2 31 theme mesoporous 280:289 arg1 materials 298:306 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials 228:306 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials (SBA-15) 228:315 A new approach using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials (SBA-15) was reported to enrich the glycoproteins. 27001691 2 31 theme mesoporous 280:289 arg1 SBA-15 309:314 SBA-15 309:314 SBA-15 309:314 A new approach using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials (SBA-15) was reported to enrich the glycoproteins. 27001691 3 32 theme amine 484:488 arg1 groups 490:495 the amine groups 480:495 the amine groups 480:495 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 6 33 theme N-linked 1086:1093 arg1 glycoproteins 1095:1107 56 N-linked glycoproteins 1083:1107 56 N-linked glycoproteins 1083:1107 84 N-linked glycosylation sites from 56 N-linked glycoproteins were identified from as little as 5 μL serum. 27001691 0 34 theme N-linked 31:38 arg1 glycopeptides 40:52 N-linked glycopeptides 31:52 N-linked glycopeptides 31:52 Fast solid-phase extraction of N-linked glycopeptides by amine-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles. 27001691 3 35 theme mesoporous 678:687 arg1 material 689:696 the mesoporous material 674:696 the mesoporous material 674:696 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 2 36 theme -functionalized 264:278 arg1 materials 298:306 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials 228:306 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials (SBA-15) 228:315 A new approach using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials (SBA-15) was reported to enrich the glycoproteins. 27001691 2 36 theme -functionalized 264:278 arg1 SBA-15 309:314 SBA-15 309:314 SBA-15 309:314 A new approach using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials (SBA-15) was reported to enrich the glycoproteins. 27001691 3 37 contain has 698:700 arg2 effect 716:721 a confinement effect 702:721 a confinement effect 702:721 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 3 37 contain has 698:700 arg1 material 689:696 the mesoporous material 674:696 the mesoporous material 674:696 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 0 38 theme amine-functionalized 57:76 arg1 silica 89:94 amine-functionalized mesoporous silica 57:94 amine-functionalized mesoporous silica 57:94 Fast solid-phase extraction of N-linked glycopeptides by amine-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles. 27001691 3 39 gly glycopeptides 383:395 arg2 glycopeptides 383:395 glycopeptides 383:395 glycopeptides 383:395 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 3 40 theme glycopeptides 383:395 arg1 extraction 369:378 Selective extraction 359:378 Selective extraction of glycopeptides 359:395 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 1 41 theme crucial 137:143 arg1 enrichment 121:130 Selective enrichment 111:130 Selective enrichment 111:130 Selective enrichment is a crucial step before the mass spectrometric analysis of glycoproteins. 27001691 1 41 theme crucial 137:143 arg1 step 145:148 a crucial step 135:148 a crucial step before the mass spectrometric analysis of glycoproteins 135:204 Selective enrichment is a crucial step before the mass spectrometric analysis of glycoproteins. 27001691 2 42 theme APTES 258:262 arg1 materials 298:306 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials 228:306 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials (SBA-15) 228:315 A new approach using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials (SBA-15) was reported to enrich the glycoproteins. 27001691 2 42 theme APTES 258:262 arg1 SBA-15 309:314 SBA-15 309:314 SBA-15 309:314 A new approach using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials (SBA-15) was reported to enrich the glycoproteins. 27001691 6 43 from glycoproteins 1095:1107 arg1 sites 1072:1076 84 N-linked glycosylation sites 1046:1076 84 N-linked glycosylation sites from 56 N-linked glycoproteins 1046:1107 84 N-linked glycosylation sites from 56 N-linked glycoproteins were identified from as little as 5 μL serum. 27001691 2 44 theme 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane 228:255 arg1 materials 298:306 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials 228:306 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials (SBA-15) 228:315 A new approach using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials (SBA-15) was reported to enrich the glycoproteins. 27001691 2 44 theme 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane 228:255 arg1 SBA-15 309:314 SBA-15 309:314 SBA-15 309:314 A new approach using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials (SBA-15) was reported to enrich the glycoproteins. 27001691 5 45 theme cancer 1032:1037 arg1 serum 1039:1043 human colorectal cancer serum 1015:1043 human colorectal cancer serum 1015:1043 This approach was successfully applied to profile the N-glycoproteome of human colorectal cancer serum. 27001691 3 46 theme enzyme 649:654 arg1 PNGase 656:661 the enzyme PNGase F. 645:664 the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically 645:807 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 3 47 theme amination 527:535 arg1 reaction 537:544 a reductive amination reaction 515:544 a reductive amination reaction 515:544 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 3 48 dep coupling 418:425 arg1 chains 447:452 the oxidized glycan chains 427:452 coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 418:505 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 3 49 theme confinement 704:714 arg1 effect 716:721 a confinement effect 702:721 a confinement effect 702:721 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 0 50 gly glycopeptides 40:52 arg2 glycopeptides 40:52 N-linked glycopeptides 31:52 N-linked glycopeptides 31:52 Fast solid-phase extraction of N-linked glycopeptides by amine-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles. 27001691 6 51 theme μL 1145:1146 arg1 serum 1148:1152 as little as 5 μL serum 1130:1152 as little as 5 μL serum 1130:1152 84 N-linked glycosylation sites from 56 N-linked glycoproteins were identified from as little as 5 μL serum. 27001691 2 52 gly glycoproteins 344:356 arg1 glycoproteins 344:356 the glycoproteins 340:356 the glycoproteins 340:356 A new approach using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials (SBA-15) was reported to enrich the glycoproteins. 27001691 1 53 theme mass 161:164 arg1 analysis 180:187 the mass spectrometric analysis 157:187 the mass spectrometric analysis of glycoproteins 157:204 Selective enrichment is a crucial step before the mass spectrometric analysis of glycoproteins. 27001691 3 54 theme glycan 440:445 arg1 chains 447:452 the oxidized glycan chains 427:452 coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 418:505 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 6 55 theme glycosylation 1058:1070 arg1 sites 1072:1076 84 N-linked glycosylation sites 1046:1076 84 N-linked glycosylation sites from 56 N-linked glycoproteins 1046:1107 84 N-linked glycosylation sites from 56 N-linked glycoproteins were identified from as little as 5 μL serum. 27001691 0 56 theme mesoporous 78:87 arg1 silica 89:94 amine-functionalized mesoporous silica 57:94 amine-functionalized mesoporous silica 57:94 Fast solid-phase extraction of N-linked glycopeptides by amine-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles. 27001691 3 57 theme enrichment 742:751 arg1 efficiency 728:737 the efficiency 724:737 the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation 724:781 Selective extraction of glycopeptides was achieved through coupling the oxidized glycan chains on the glycopeptides with the amine groups on SBA-15 through a reductive amination reaction, then the captured glycopeptides were detached from the SBA-15 for the following MS analysis using the enzyme PNGase F. Because the mesoporous material has a confinement effect, the efficiency of enrichment and enzymatic deglycosylation was improved dramatically. 27001691 2 58 theme silica 291:296 arg1 materials 298:306 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials 228:306 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials (SBA-15) 228:315 A new approach using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials (SBA-15) was reported to enrich the glycoproteins. 27001691 2 58 theme silica 291:296 arg1 SBA-15 309:314 SBA-15 309:314 SBA-15 309:314 A new approach using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized mesoporous silica materials (SBA-15) was reported to enrich the glycoproteins. 27001691 1 59 theme spectrometric 166:178 arg1 analysis 180:187 the mass spectrometric analysis 157:187 the mass spectrometric analysis of glycoproteins 157:204 Selective enrichment is a crucial step before the mass spectrometric analysis of glycoproteins. 27001691 6 60 theme N-linked 1049:1056 arg1 sites 1072:1076 84 N-linked glycosylation sites 1046:1076 84 N-linked glycosylation sites from 56 N-linked glycoproteins 1046:1107 84 N-linked glycosylation sites from 56 N-linked glycoproteins were identified from as little as 5 μL serum. 26491011 8 0 theme cycling 1201:1207 arg1 enzymes 1209:1215 both O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes 1187:1215 both O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes 1187:1215 Here, we identify orthologues of both O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes in the genome of the thermophilic eubacterium Thermobaculum terrenum. 26491011 3 1 theme hydrolase 540:548 arg1 enzymes 550:556 O-GlcNAc hydrolase enzymes 531:556 O-GlcNAc hydrolase enzymes 531:556 This unusual type of glycosylation is thought to be restricted to nucleocytoplasmic proteins of eukaryotes and is mediated by a pair of O-GlcNAc-transferase and O-GlcNAc hydrolase enzymes operating on a large number of substrate proteins. 26491011 9 2 dep co-expressed 1332:1343 arg1 localize 1384:1391 localize 1384:1391 localize to the cytoplasm 1384:1408 The O-GlcNAcase and O-GlcNAc-transferase are co-expressed and, like their mammalian orthologues, localize to the cytoplasm. 26491011 11 3 theme crystal 1517:1523 arg1 structures 1525:1534 crystal structures 1517:1534 crystal structures 1517:1534 We describe crystal structures of both enzymes, including an O-GlcNAcase·peptide complex, showing conservation of active sites with the human orthologues. 26491011 11 3 theme crystal 1517:1523 arg1 complex 1586:1592 an O-GlcNAcase·peptide complex 1563:1592 an O-GlcNAcase·peptide complex 1563:1592 We describe crystal structures of both enzymes, including an O-GlcNAcase·peptide complex, showing conservation of active sites with the human orthologues. 26491011 6 4 from genomes 931:937 arg1 present 910:916 present 910:916 present 910:916 Although isolated apparent orthologues of these enzymes are present in bacterial genomes, their biological functions remain largely unexplored. 26491011 2 5 theme O-linked 282:289 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 291:309 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 282:309 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 282:309 One such modification is addition of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine to serine or threonine residues, known as O-GlcNAcylation. 26491011 7 6 theme signaling 1143:1151 arg1 principles 1120:1129 the principles 1116:1129 the principles of O-GlcNAc signaling 1116:1151 It is possible that understanding the function of these proteins will allow development of reductionist models to uncover the principles of O-GlcNAc signaling. 26491011 1 7 theme transduction 207:218 arg1 modification 146:157 Post-translational modification 127:157 Post-translational modification of proteins 127:169 Post-translational modification of proteins is a ubiquitous mechanism of signal transduction in all kingdoms of life. 26491011 1 7 theme transduction 207:218 arg1 mechanism 187:195 a ubiquitous mechanism 174:195 a ubiquitous mechanism of signal transduction in all kingdoms of life 174:242 Post-translational modification of proteins is a ubiquitous mechanism of signal transduction in all kingdoms of life. 26491011 8 8 theme eubacterium 1251:1261 arg1 terrenum 1277:1284 the thermophilic eubacterium Thermobaculum terrenum 1234:1284 the thermophilic eubacterium Thermobaculum terrenum 1234:1284 Here, we identify orthologues of both O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes in the genome of the thermophilic eubacterium Thermobaculum terrenum. 26491011 13 9 theme bacterium 1873:1881 arg1 example 1860:1866 the first example 1850:1866 the first example of a bacterium possessing a functional O-GlcNAc system 1850:1921 T. terrenum may be the first example of a bacterium possessing a functional O-GlcNAc system. 26491011 13 9 theme bacterium 1873:1881 arg1 terrenum 1834:1841 T. terrenum 1831:1841 T. terrenum 1831:1841 T. terrenum may be the first example of a bacterium possessing a functional O-GlcNAc system. 26491011 3 10 theme substrate 589:597 arg1 proteins 599:606 substrate proteins 589:606 substrate proteins 589:606 This unusual type of glycosylation is thought to be restricted to nucleocytoplasmic proteins of eukaryotes and is mediated by a pair of O-GlcNAc-transferase and O-GlcNAc hydrolase enzymes operating on a large number of substrate proteins. 26491011 8 11 theme terrenum 1277:1284 arg1 genome 1224:1229 the genome 1220:1229 the genome of the thermophilic eubacterium Thermobaculum terrenum 1220:1284 Here, we identify orthologues of both O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes in the genome of the thermophilic eubacterium Thermobaculum terrenum. 26491011 4 12 theme biosynthetic 690:701 arg1 pathway 703:709 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 675:709 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 675:709 Protein O-GlcNAcylation is responsive to glucose and flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 26491011 1 13 from kingdoms 227:234 arg1 modification 146:157 Post-translational modification 127:157 Post-translational modification of proteins 127:169 Post-translational modification of proteins is a ubiquitous mechanism of signal transduction in all kingdoms of life. 26491011 1 13 from kingdoms 227:234 arg1 mechanism 187:195 a ubiquitous mechanism 174:195 a ubiquitous mechanism of signal transduction in all kingdoms of life 174:242 Post-translational modification of proteins is a ubiquitous mechanism of signal transduction in all kingdoms of life. 26491011 13 14 theme first 1854:1858 arg1 example 1860:1866 the first example 1850:1866 the first example of a bacterium possessing a functional O-GlcNAc system 1850:1921 T. terrenum may be the first example of a bacterium possessing a functional O-GlcNAc system. 26491011 13 14 theme first 1854:1858 arg1 terrenum 1834:1841 T. terrenum 1831:1841 T. terrenum 1831:1841 T. terrenum may be the first example of a bacterium possessing a functional O-GlcNAc system. 26491011 5 15 theme close 720:724 arg1 relationship 726:737 a close relationship 718:737 a close relationship 718:737 Thus, a close relationship is thought to exist between the level of O-GlcNAc proteins within and the general metabolic state of the cell. 26491011 7 16 theme proteins 1050:1057 arg1 function 1032:1039 the function 1028:1039 the function of these proteins 1028:1057 It is possible that understanding the function of these proteins will allow development of reductionist models to uncover the principles of O-GlcNAc signaling. 26491011 1 17 theme Post-translational 127:144 arg1 modification 146:157 Post-translational modification 127:157 Post-translational modification of proteins 127:169 Post-translational modification of proteins is a ubiquitous mechanism of signal transduction in all kingdoms of life. 26491011 1 17 theme Post-translational 127:144 arg1 mechanism 187:195 a ubiquitous mechanism 174:195 a ubiquitous mechanism of signal transduction in all kingdoms of life 174:242 Post-translational modification of proteins is a ubiquitous mechanism of signal transduction in all kingdoms of life. 26491011 12 18 theme O-GlcNAc-transferase 1694:1713 arg1 activity 1678:1685 in vitro activity 1669:1685 in vitro activity of the O-GlcNAc-transferase 1669:1713 Although in vitro activity of the O-GlcNAc-transferase could not be detected, treatment of T. terrenum with an O-GlcNAc-transferase inhibitor led to inhibition of growth. 26491011 7 19 theme reductionist 1085:1096 arg1 models 1098:1103 reductionist models 1085:1103 reductionist models 1085:1103 It is possible that understanding the function of these proteins will allow development of reductionist models to uncover the principles of O-GlcNAc signaling. 26491011 1 20 from mechanism 187:195 arg1 kingdoms 227:234 all kingdoms 223:234 all kingdoms of life 223:242 Post-translational modification of proteins is a ubiquitous mechanism of signal transduction in all kingdoms of life. 26491011 2 21 dep serine 314:319 arg1 residues 334:341 residues 334:341 residues 334:341 One such modification is addition of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine to serine or threonine residues, known as O-GlcNAcylation. 26491011 1 22 theme ubiquitous 176:185 arg1 modification 146:157 Post-translational modification 127:157 Post-translational modification of proteins 127:169 Post-translational modification of proteins is a ubiquitous mechanism of signal transduction in all kingdoms of life. 26491011 1 22 theme ubiquitous 176:185 arg1 mechanism 187:195 a ubiquitous mechanism 174:195 a ubiquitous mechanism of signal transduction in all kingdoms of life 174:242 Post-translational modification of proteins is a ubiquitous mechanism of signal transduction in all kingdoms of life. 26491011 11 23 theme active 1619:1624 arg1 sites 1626:1630 active sites 1619:1630 active sites with the human orthologues 1619:1657 We describe crystal structures of both enzymes, including an O-GlcNAcase·peptide complex, showing conservation of active sites with the human orthologues. 26491011 0 24 theme Thermophilic 80:91 arg1 Bacterium 93:101 the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermobaculum terrenum 76:124 the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermobaculum terrenum 76:124 Evidence for a Functional O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) System in the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermobaculum terrenum. 26491011 11 25 theme enzymes 1544:1550 arg1 structures 1525:1534 crystal structures 1517:1534 crystal structures 1517:1534 We describe crystal structures of both enzymes, including an O-GlcNAcase·peptide complex, showing conservation of active sites with the human orthologues. 26491011 11 25 theme enzymes 1544:1550 arg1 complex 1586:1592 an O-GlcNAcase·peptide complex 1563:1592 an O-GlcNAcase·peptide complex 1563:1592 We describe crystal structures of both enzymes, including an O-GlcNAcase·peptide complex, showing conservation of active sites with the human orthologues. 26491011 3 26 theme eukaryotes 466:475 arg1 proteins 454:461 nucleocytoplasmic proteins 436:461 nucleocytoplasmic proteins of eukaryotes 436:475 This unusual type of glycosylation is thought to be restricted to nucleocytoplasmic proteins of eukaryotes and is mediated by a pair of O-GlcNAc-transferase and O-GlcNAc hydrolase enzymes operating on a large number of substrate proteins. 26491011 5 27 theme O-GlcNAc 780:787 arg1 proteins 789:796 O-GlcNAc proteins 780:796 O-GlcNAc proteins within 780:803 Thus, a close relationship is thought to exist between the level of O-GlcNAc proteins within and the general metabolic state of the cell. 26491011 0 28 theme N-Acetylglucosamine 35:53 arg1 System 66:71 a Functional O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) System 13:71 a Functional O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) System in the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermobaculum terrenum 13:124 Evidence for a Functional O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) System in the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermobaculum terrenum. 26491011 5 29 theme cell 844:847 arg1 state 831:835 the general metabolic state 809:835 the general metabolic state of the cell 809:847 Thus, a close relationship is thought to exist between the level of O-GlcNAc proteins within and the general metabolic state of the cell. 26491011 5 29 theme cell 844:847 arg1 level 771:775 the level 767:775 the level of O-GlcNAc proteins within 767:803 Thus, a close relationship is thought to exist between the level of O-GlcNAc proteins within and the general metabolic state of the cell. 26491011 3 30 theme glycosylation 391:403 arg1 type 383:386 This unusual type 370:386 This unusual type of glycosylation 370:403 This unusual type of glycosylation is thought to be restricted to nucleocytoplasmic proteins of eukaryotes and is mediated by a pair of O-GlcNAc-transferase and O-GlcNAc hydrolase enzymes operating on a large number of substrate proteins. 26491011 11 31 theme O-GlcNAcase·peptide 1566:1584 arg1 complex 1586:1592 an O-GlcNAcase·peptide complex 1563:1592 an O-GlcNAcase·peptide complex 1563:1592 We describe crystal structures of both enzymes, including an O-GlcNAcase·peptide complex, showing conservation of active sites with the human orthologues. 26491011 12 32 theme terrenum 1754:1761 arg1 treatment 1738:1746 treatment 1738:1746 treatment of T. terrenum with an O-GlcNAc-transferase inhibitor 1738:1800 Although in vitro activity of the O-GlcNAc-transferase could not be detected, treatment of T. terrenum with an O-GlcNAc-transferase inhibitor led to inhibition of growth. 26491011 0 33 theme O-Linked 26:33 arg1 N-Acetylglucosamine 35:53 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine 26:53 a Functional O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) System in the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermobaculum terrenum 13:124 Evidence for a Functional O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) System in the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermobaculum terrenum. 26491011 0 33 theme O-Linked 26:33 arg1 O-GlcNAc 56:63 O-GlcNAc 56:63 O-GlcNAc 56:63 Evidence for a Functional O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) System in the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermobaculum terrenum. 26491011 10 34 contain possesses 1438:1446 arg2 activity 1448:1455 activity 1448:1455 activity against O-GlcNAc proteins and model substrates 1448:1502 The O-GlcNAcase orthologue possesses activity against O-GlcNAc proteins and model substrates. 26491011 10 34 contain possesses 1438:1446 arg1 orthologue 1427:1436 The O-GlcNAcase orthologue 1411:1436 The O-GlcNAcase orthologue 1411:1436 The O-GlcNAcase orthologue possesses activity against O-GlcNAc proteins and model substrates. 26491011 5 35 theme metabolic 821:829 arg1 state 831:835 the general metabolic state 809:835 the general metabolic state of the cell 809:847 Thus, a close relationship is thought to exist between the level of O-GlcNAc proteins within and the general metabolic state of the cell. 26491011 6 36 theme enzymes 898:904 arg1 orthologues 877:887 isolated apparent orthologues 859:887 isolated apparent orthologues of these enzymes 859:904 Although isolated apparent orthologues of these enzymes are present in bacterial genomes, their biological functions remain largely unexplored. 26491011 13 37 theme O-GlcNAc 1907:1914 arg1 system 1916:1921 a functional O-GlcNAc system 1894:1921 a functional O-GlcNAc system 1894:1921 T. terrenum may be the first example of a bacterium possessing a functional O-GlcNAc system. 26491011 10 38 theme O-GlcNAcase 1415:1425 arg1 orthologue 1427:1436 The O-GlcNAcase orthologue 1411:1436 The O-GlcNAcase orthologue 1411:1436 The O-GlcNAcase orthologue possesses activity against O-GlcNAc proteins and model substrates. 26491011 3 39 theme O-GlcNAc-transferase 506:525 arg1 pair 498:501 a pair 496:501 a pair of O-GlcNAc-transferase and O-GlcNAc hydrolase enzymes operating on a large number of substrate proteins 496:606 This unusual type of glycosylation is thought to be restricted to nucleocytoplasmic proteins of eukaryotes and is mediated by a pair of O-GlcNAc-transferase and O-GlcNAc hydrolase enzymes operating on a large number of substrate proteins. 26491011 1 40 theme life 239:242 arg1 kingdoms 227:234 all kingdoms 223:234 all kingdoms of life 223:242 Post-translational modification of proteins is a ubiquitous mechanism of signal transduction in all kingdoms of life. 26491011 6 41 theme apparent 868:875 arg1 orthologues 877:887 isolated apparent orthologues 859:887 isolated apparent orthologues of these enzymes 859:904 Although isolated apparent orthologues of these enzymes are present in bacterial genomes, their biological functions remain largely unexplored. 26491011 3 42 theme enzymes 550:556 arg1 pair 498:501 a pair 496:501 a pair of O-GlcNAc-transferase and O-GlcNAc hydrolase enzymes operating on a large number of substrate proteins 496:606 This unusual type of glycosylation is thought to be restricted to nucleocytoplasmic proteins of eukaryotes and is mediated by a pair of O-GlcNAc-transferase and O-GlcNAc hydrolase enzymes operating on a large number of substrate proteins. 26491011 12 43 with treatment 1738:1746 arg1 inhibitor 1792:1800 an O-GlcNAc-transferase inhibitor 1768:1800 an O-GlcNAc-transferase inhibitor 1768:1800 Although in vitro activity of the O-GlcNAc-transferase could not be detected, treatment of T. terrenum with an O-GlcNAc-transferase inhibitor led to inhibition of growth. 26491011 3 44 theme O-GlcNAc 531:538 arg1 enzymes 550:556 O-GlcNAc hydrolase enzymes 531:556 O-GlcNAc hydrolase enzymes 531:556 This unusual type of glycosylation is thought to be restricted to nucleocytoplasmic proteins of eukaryotes and is mediated by a pair of O-GlcNAc-transferase and O-GlcNAc hydrolase enzymes operating on a large number of substrate proteins. 26491011 8 45 theme O-GlcNAc 1192:1199 arg1 enzymes 1209:1215 both O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes 1187:1215 both O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes 1187:1215 Here, we identify orthologues of both O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes in the genome of the thermophilic eubacterium Thermobaculum terrenum. 26491011 6 46 theme biological 946:955 arg1 functions 957:965 their biological functions 940:965 their biological functions 940:965 Although isolated apparent orthologues of these enzymes are present in bacterial genomes, their biological functions remain largely unexplored. 26491011 4 47 theme Protein 609:615 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 617:631 Protein O-GlcNAcylation 609:631 Protein O-GlcNAcylation 609:631 Protein O-GlcNAcylation is responsive to glucose and flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 26491011 10 48 theme model 1487:1491 arg1 substrates 1493:1502 model substrates 1487:1502 model substrates 1487:1502 The O-GlcNAcase orthologue possesses activity against O-GlcNAc proteins and model substrates. 26491011 3 49 theme large 573:577 arg1 number 579:584 a large number 571:584 a large number of substrate proteins 571:606 This unusual type of glycosylation is thought to be restricted to nucleocytoplasmic proteins of eukaryotes and is mediated by a pair of O-GlcNAc-transferase and O-GlcNAc hydrolase enzymes operating on a large number of substrate proteins. 26491011 8 50 theme enzymes 1209:1215 arg1 orthologues 1172:1182 orthologues 1172:1182 orthologues of both O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes 1172:1215 Here, we identify orthologues of both O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes in the genome of the thermophilic eubacterium Thermobaculum terrenum. 26491011 13 51 theme functional 1896:1905 arg1 system 1916:1921 a functional O-GlcNAc system 1894:1921 a functional O-GlcNAc system 1894:1921 T. terrenum may be the first example of a bacterium possessing a functional O-GlcNAc system. 26491011 11 52 theme human 1641:1645 arg1 orthologues 1647:1657 the human orthologues 1637:1657 the human orthologues 1637:1657 We describe crystal structures of both enzymes, including an O-GlcNAcase·peptide complex, showing conservation of active sites with the human orthologues. 26491011 2 53 theme N-acetylglucosamine 291:309 arg1 addition 270:277 addition 270:277 addition 270:277 One such modification is addition of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine to serine or threonine residues, known as O-GlcNAcylation. 26491011 6 54 theme bacterial 921:929 arg1 genomes 931:937 bacterial genomes 921:937 bacterial genomes 921:937 Although isolated apparent orthologues of these enzymes are present in bacterial genomes, their biological functions remain largely unexplored. 26491011 7 55 theme O-GlcNAc 1134:1141 arg1 signaling 1143:1151 O-GlcNAc signaling 1134:1151 O-GlcNAc signaling 1134:1151 It is possible that understanding the function of these proteins will allow development of reductionist models to uncover the principles of O-GlcNAc signaling. 26491011 3 56 theme proteins 599:606 arg1 number 579:584 a large number 571:584 a large number of substrate proteins 571:606 This unusual type of glycosylation is thought to be restricted to nucleocytoplasmic proteins of eukaryotes and is mediated by a pair of O-GlcNAc-transferase and O-GlcNAc hydrolase enzymes operating on a large number of substrate proteins. 26491011 1 57 theme signal 200:205 arg1 transduction 207:218 signal transduction 200:218 signal transduction in all kingdoms of life 200:242 Post-translational modification of proteins is a ubiquitous mechanism of signal transduction in all kingdoms of life. 26491011 6 58 from present 910:916 arg1 genomes 931:937 bacterial genomes 921:937 bacterial genomes 921:937 Although isolated apparent orthologues of these enzymes are present in bacterial genomes, their biological functions remain largely unexplored. 26491011 2 59 link O-linked 282:289 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 291:309 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 282:309 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 282:309 One such modification is addition of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine to serine or threonine residues, known as O-GlcNAcylation. 26491011 8 60 theme thermophilic 1238:1249 arg1 terrenum 1277:1284 the thermophilic eubacterium Thermobaculum terrenum 1234:1284 the thermophilic eubacterium Thermobaculum terrenum 1234:1284 Here, we identify orthologues of both O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes in the genome of the thermophilic eubacterium Thermobaculum terrenum. 26491011 2 61 theme such 249:252 arg1 modification 254:265 One such modification 245:265 One such modification 245:265 One such modification is addition of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine to serine or threonine residues, known as O-GlcNAcylation. 26491011 8 62 theme Thermobaculum 1263:1275 arg1 terrenum 1277:1284 the thermophilic eubacterium Thermobaculum terrenum 1234:1284 the thermophilic eubacterium Thermobaculum terrenum 1234:1284 Here, we identify orthologues of both O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes in the genome of the thermophilic eubacterium Thermobaculum terrenum. 26491011 0 63 from System 66:71 arg1 Bacterium 93:101 the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermobaculum terrenum 76:124 the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermobaculum terrenum 76:124 Evidence for a Functional O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) System in the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermobaculum terrenum. 26491011 4 64 theme hexosamine 679:688 arg1 pathway 703:709 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 675:709 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 675:709 Protein O-GlcNAcylation is responsive to glucose and flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 26491011 7 65 theme models 1098:1103 arg1 development 1070:1080 development 1070:1080 development of reductionist models 1070:1103 It is possible that understanding the function of these proteins will allow development of reductionist models to uncover the principles of O-GlcNAc signaling. 26491011 12 66 theme growth 1823:1828 arg1 inhibition 1809:1818 inhibition 1809:1818 inhibition of growth 1809:1828 Although in vitro activity of the O-GlcNAc-transferase could not be detected, treatment of T. terrenum with an O-GlcNAc-transferase inhibitor led to inhibition of growth. 26491011 12 67 theme in 1669:1670 arg1 activity 1678:1685 in vitro activity 1669:1685 in vitro activity of the O-GlcNAc-transferase 1669:1713 Although in vitro activity of the O-GlcNAc-transferase could not be detected, treatment of T. terrenum with an O-GlcNAc-transferase inhibitor led to inhibition of growth. 26491011 5 68 theme proteins 789:796 arg1 state 831:835 the general metabolic state 809:835 the general metabolic state of the cell 809:847 Thus, a close relationship is thought to exist between the level of O-GlcNAc proteins within and the general metabolic state of the cell. 26491011 5 68 theme proteins 789:796 arg1 level 771:775 the level 767:775 the level of O-GlcNAc proteins within 767:803 Thus, a close relationship is thought to exist between the level of O-GlcNAc proteins within and the general metabolic state of the cell. 26491011 1 69 from transduction 207:218 arg1 kingdoms 227:234 all kingdoms 223:234 all kingdoms of life 223:242 Post-translational modification of proteins is a ubiquitous mechanism of signal transduction in all kingdoms of life. 26491011 1 70 theme proteins 162:169 arg1 modification 146:157 Post-translational modification 127:157 Post-translational modification of proteins 127:169 Post-translational modification of proteins is a ubiquitous mechanism of signal transduction in all kingdoms of life. 26491011 1 70 theme proteins 162:169 arg1 mechanism 187:195 a ubiquitous mechanism 174:195 a ubiquitous mechanism of signal transduction in all kingdoms of life 174:242 Post-translational modification of proteins is a ubiquitous mechanism of signal transduction in all kingdoms of life. 26491011 6 71 located present 910:916 arg1 genomes 931:937 bacterial genomes 921:937 bacterial genomes 921:937 Although isolated apparent orthologues of these enzymes are present in bacterial genomes, their biological functions remain largely unexplored. 26491011 6 71 located present 910:916 arg2 orthologues 877:887 isolated apparent orthologues 859:887 isolated apparent orthologues of these enzymes 859:904 Although isolated apparent orthologues of these enzymes are present in bacterial genomes, their biological functions remain largely unexplored. 26491011 11 72 theme sites 1626:1630 arg1 conservation 1603:1614 conservation 1603:1614 conservation of active sites with the human orthologues 1603:1657 We describe crystal structures of both enzymes, including an O-GlcNAcase·peptide complex, showing conservation of active sites with the human orthologues. 26491011 9 73 theme mammalian 1361:1369 arg1 orthologues 1371:1381 their mammalian orthologues 1355:1381 their mammalian orthologues 1355:1381 The O-GlcNAcase and O-GlcNAc-transferase are co-expressed and, like their mammalian orthologues, localize to the cytoplasm. 26491011 11 74 with sites 1626:1630 arg1 orthologues 1647:1657 the human orthologues 1637:1657 the human orthologues 1637:1657 We describe crystal structures of both enzymes, including an O-GlcNAcase·peptide complex, showing conservation of active sites with the human orthologues. 26491011 0 75 dep Bacterium 93:101 arg1 terrenum 117:124 the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermobaculum terrenum 76:124 the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermobaculum terrenum 76:124 Evidence for a Functional O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) System in the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermobaculum terrenum. 26491011 3 76 theme unusual 375:381 arg1 type 383:386 This unusual type 370:386 This unusual type of glycosylation 370:403 This unusual type of glycosylation is thought to be restricted to nucleocytoplasmic proteins of eukaryotes and is mediated by a pair of O-GlcNAc-transferase and O-GlcNAc hydrolase enzymes operating on a large number of substrate proteins. 26491011 12 77 theme O-GlcNAc-transferase 1771:1790 arg1 inhibitor 1792:1800 an O-GlcNAc-transferase inhibitor 1768:1800 an O-GlcNAc-transferase inhibitor 1768:1800 Although in vitro activity of the O-GlcNAc-transferase could not be detected, treatment of T. terrenum with an O-GlcNAc-transferase inhibitor led to inhibition of growth. 26491011 0 78 theme Functional 15:24 arg1 System 66:71 a Functional O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) System 13:71 a Functional O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) System in the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermobaculum terrenum 13:124 Evidence for a Functional O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) System in the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermobaculum terrenum. 26491011 5 79 theme general 813:819 arg1 state 831:835 the general metabolic state 809:835 the general metabolic state of the cell 809:847 Thus, a close relationship is thought to exist between the level of O-GlcNAc proteins within and the general metabolic state of the cell. 26491011 3 80 theme nucleocytoplasmic 436:452 arg1 proteins 454:461 nucleocytoplasmic proteins 436:461 nucleocytoplasmic proteins of eukaryotes 436:475 This unusual type of glycosylation is thought to be restricted to nucleocytoplasmic proteins of eukaryotes and is mediated by a pair of O-GlcNAc-transferase and O-GlcNAc hydrolase enzymes operating on a large number of substrate proteins. 26491011 0 81 theme Thermobaculum 103:115 arg1 Bacterium 93:101 the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermobaculum terrenum 76:124 the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermobaculum terrenum 76:124 Evidence for a Functional O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) System in the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermobaculum terrenum. 26491011 12 82 dep in 1669:1670 arg1 vitro 1672:1676 vitro 1672:1676 vitro 1672:1676 Although in vitro activity of the O-GlcNAc-transferase could not be detected, treatment of T. terrenum with an O-GlcNAc-transferase inhibitor led to inhibition of growth. 26491011 10 83 theme O-GlcNAc 1465:1472 arg1 proteins 1474:1481 O-GlcNAc proteins 1465:1481 O-GlcNAc proteins 1465:1481 The O-GlcNAcase orthologue possesses activity against O-GlcNAc proteins and model substrates. 26491011 6 84 theme isolated 859:866 arg1 orthologues 877:887 isolated apparent orthologues 859:887 isolated apparent orthologues of these enzymes 859:904 Although isolated apparent orthologues of these enzymes are present in bacterial genomes, their biological functions remain largely unexplored. 26491011 13 85 contain possessing 1883:1892 arg2 system 1916:1921 a functional O-GlcNAc system 1894:1921 a functional O-GlcNAc system 1894:1921 T. terrenum may be the first example of a bacterium possessing a functional O-GlcNAc system. 26491011 13 85 contain possessing 1883:1892 arg1 bacterium 1873:1881 a bacterium 1871:1881 a bacterium possessing a functional O-GlcNAc system 1871:1921 T. terrenum may be the first example of a bacterium possessing a functional O-GlcNAc system. 26491011 6 86 attach present 910:916 arg1 genomes 931:937 bacterial genomes 921:937 bacterial genomes 921:937 Although isolated apparent orthologues of these enzymes are present in bacterial genomes, their biological functions remain largely unexplored. 26491011 6 86 attach present 910:916 arg2 orthologues 877:887 isolated apparent orthologues 859:887 isolated apparent orthologues of these enzymes 859:904 Although isolated apparent orthologues of these enzymes are present in bacterial genomes, their biological functions remain largely unexplored. 26455811 7 0 theme CSF 1253:1255 arg1 analyses 1267:1274 CSF N-glycome analyses 1253:1274 CSF N-glycome analyses 1253:1274 Our patients addressed protein N-glycosylation changes at an early phase of the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD, pointing to CSF N-glycome analyses as promising tool to enhance early detection of AD and also suggesting alternative therapeutics target molecules, such as specific glyco-enzymes. 26455811 5 1 theme clinical 892:899 arg1 onset 901:905 an AD clinical onset 886:905 an AD clinical onset 886:905 Based on the studied cohort, CSF glycosylation changes may occur before an AD clinical onset. 26455811 3 2 theme N-glycome 553:561 arg1 profiling 563:571 CSF N-glycome profiling 549:571 CSF N-glycome profiling 549:571 We identified a group of AD and MCI subjects (about 40-50% of the studied sample) showing significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling, consisting of a decrease in the overall sialylation degree and an increase in species bearing bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 3 3 theme significant 523:533 arg1 alteration 535:544 significant alteration 523:544 significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling 523:571 We identified a group of AD and MCI subjects (about 40-50% of the studied sample) showing significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling, consisting of a decrease in the overall sialylation degree and an increase in species bearing bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 1 4 theme potential 336:344 arg1 patients 349:356 these last as potential AD patients 322:356 these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage 322:380 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 4 theme potential 336:344 arg1 impairment 297:306 mild cognitive impairment 282:306 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11) 282:319 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 5 theme mild 282:285 arg1 n:11 315:318 n:11 315:318 n:11 315:318 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 5 theme mild 282:285 arg1 impairment 297:306 mild cognitive impairment 282:306 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11) 282:319 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 5 theme mild 282:285 arg1 patients 349:356 these last as potential AD patients 322:356 these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage 322:380 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 5 theme mild 282:285 arg1 MCI 309:311 MCI 309:311 MCI 309:311 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 3 6 from increase 640:647 arg1 species 652:658 species 652:658 species bearing bisecting GlcNAc 652:683 We identified a group of AD and MCI subjects (about 40-50% of the studied sample) showing significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling, consisting of a decrease in the overall sialylation degree and an increase in species bearing bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 3 6 from increase 640:647 arg1 degree 626:631 the overall sialylation degree 602:631 the overall sialylation degree 602:631 We identified a group of AD and MCI subjects (about 40-50% of the studied sample) showing significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling, consisting of a decrease in the overall sialylation degree and an increase in species bearing bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 1 7 theme AD 346:347 arg1 patients 349:356 these last as potential AD patients 322:356 these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage 322:380 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 7 theme AD 346:347 arg1 impairment 297:306 mild cognitive impairment 282:306 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11) 282:319 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 6 8 theme sugar 1056:1060 arg1 modification 1062:1073 specific sugar modification 1047:1073 specific sugar modification of BACE-1 glycoprotein with bisecting GlcNAc 1047:1118 Previous studies specifically focused on the key role of glycosyltransferase GnT-III on AD-pathogenesis, addressing the patho-mechanism to specific sugar modification of BACE-1 glycoprotein with bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 1 9 with subjects 268:275 arg1 n:11 315:318 n:11 315:318 n:11 315:318 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 9 with subjects 268:275 arg1 impairment 297:306 mild cognitive impairment 282:306 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11) 282:319 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 9 with subjects 268:275 arg1 patients 349:356 these last as potential AD patients 322:356 these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage 322:380 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 9 with subjects 268:275 arg1 MCI 309:311 MCI 309:311 MCI 309:311 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 6 10 with glycoprotein 1085:1096 arg1 GlcNAc 1113:1118 bisecting GlcNAc 1103:1118 bisecting GlcNAc 1103:1118 Previous studies specifically focused on the key role of glycosyltransferase GnT-III on AD-pathogenesis, addressing the patho-mechanism to specific sugar modification of BACE-1 glycoprotein with bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 4 11 theme glycosylation 791:803 arg1 profile 805:811 an abnormal CSF glycosylation profile 775:811 an abnormal CSF glycosylation profile 775:811 Noteworthy, all the MCI patients that converted to AD within the clinical follow-up, had an abnormal CSF glycosylation profile. 26455811 1 12 theme cognitive 287:295 arg1 n:11 315:318 n:11 315:318 n:11 315:318 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 12 theme cognitive 287:295 arg1 impairment 297:306 mild cognitive impairment 282:306 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11) 282:319 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 12 theme cognitive 287:295 arg1 patients 349:356 these last as potential AD patients 322:356 these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage 322:380 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 12 theme cognitive 287:295 arg1 MCI 309:311 MCI 309:311 MCI 309:311 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 6 13 theme BACE-1 1078:1083 arg1 glycoprotein 1085:1096 BACE-1 glycoprotein 1078:1096 BACE-1 glycoprotein with bisecting GlcNAc 1078:1118 Previous studies specifically focused on the key role of glycosyltransferase GnT-III on AD-pathogenesis, addressing the patho-mechanism to specific sugar modification of BACE-1 glycoprotein with bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 6 14 theme specific 1047:1054 arg1 modification 1062:1073 specific sugar modification 1047:1073 specific sugar modification of BACE-1 glycoprotein with bisecting GlcNAc 1047:1118 Previous studies specifically focused on the key role of glycosyltransferase GnT-III on AD-pathogenesis, addressing the patho-mechanism to specific sugar modification of BACE-1 glycoprotein with bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 7 15 from AD 1237:1238 arg1 phase 1188:1192 an early phase 1179:1192 an early phase of the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD 1179:1238 Our patients addressed protein N-glycosylation changes at an early phase of the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD, pointing to CSF N-glycome analyses as promising tool to enhance early detection of AD and also suggesting alternative therapeutics target molecules, such as specific glyco-enzymes. 26455811 1 16 theme human 98:102 arg1 CSF 104:106 the human CSF 94:106 the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques 94:161 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 4 17 theme MCI 706:708 arg1 patients 710:717 all the MCI patients 698:717 all the MCI patients 698:717 Noteworthy, all the MCI patients that converted to AD within the clinical follow-up, had an abnormal CSF glycosylation profile. 26455811 5 18 theme studied 827:833 arg1 cohort 835:840 the studied cohort 823:840 the studied cohort 823:840 Based on the studied cohort, CSF glycosylation changes may occur before an AD clinical onset. 26455811 1 19 theme MALDI 143:147 arg1 MS 149:150 MALDI MS 143:150 MALDI MS techniques 143:161 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 2 20 theme healthy 402:408 arg1 controls 410:417 21 healthy controls 399:417 21 healthy controls 399:417 For comparison, 21 healthy controls were studied. 26455811 6 21 mod modification 1062:1073 arg3 sugar 1056:1060 specific sugar modification 1047:1073 specific sugar modification of BACE-1 glycoprotein with bisecting GlcNAc 1047:1118 Previous studies specifically focused on the key role of glycosyltransferase GnT-III on AD-pathogenesis, addressing the patho-mechanism to specific sugar modification of BACE-1 glycoprotein with bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 6 21 mod modification 1062:1073 arg1 glycoprotein 1085:1096 BACE-1 glycoprotein 1078:1096 BACE-1 glycoprotein with bisecting GlcNAc 1078:1118 Previous studies specifically focused on the key role of glycosyltransferase GnT-III on AD-pathogenesis, addressing the patho-mechanism to specific sugar modification of BACE-1 glycoprotein with bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 1 22 dep CSF 104:106 arg1 N-glycome 130:138 N-glycome 130:138 the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques 94:161 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 22 dep CSF 104:106 arg1 fluid 123:127 Cerebrospinal fluid 109:127 the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques 94:161 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 23 theme MS 149:150 arg1 techniques 152:161 MALDI MS techniques 143:161 MALDI MS techniques 143:161 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 24 theme pre-dementia 363:374 arg1 stage 376:380 a pre-dementia stage 361:380 a pre-dementia stage 361:380 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 3 25 theme AD 458:459 arg1 subjects 469:476 AD and MCI subjects 458:476 subjects 469:476 We identified a group of AD and MCI subjects (about 40-50% of the studied sample) showing significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling, consisting of a decrease in the overall sialylation degree and an increase in species bearing bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 7 26 theme alternative 1347:1357 arg1 therapeutics 1359:1370 alternative therapeutics 1347:1370 alternative therapeutics 1347:1370 Our patients addressed protein N-glycosylation changes at an early phase of the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD, pointing to CSF N-glycome analyses as promising tool to enhance early detection of AD and also suggesting alternative therapeutics target molecules, such as specific glyco-enzymes. 26455811 7 27 theme whole 1201:1205 arg1 misregulation 1220:1232 the whole biomolecular misregulation 1197:1232 the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD 1197:1238 Our patients addressed protein N-glycosylation changes at an early phase of the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD, pointing to CSF N-glycome analyses as promising tool to enhance early detection of AD and also suggesting alternative therapeutics target molecules, such as specific glyco-enzymes. 26455811 0 28 theme CSF 0:2 arg1 N-glycoproteomics 4:20 CSF N-glycoproteomics 0:20 CSF N-glycoproteomics for early diagnosis in Alzheimer's disease 0:63 CSF N-glycoproteomics for early diagnosis in Alzheimer's disease. 26455811 3 29 theme sialylation 614:624 arg1 degree 626:631 the overall sialylation degree 602:631 the overall sialylation degree 602:631 We identified a group of AD and MCI subjects (about 40-50% of the studied sample) showing significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling, consisting of a decrease in the overall sialylation degree and an increase in species bearing bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 7 30 theme specific 1398:1405 arg1 glyco-enzymes 1407:1419 specific glyco-enzymes 1398:1419 specific glyco-enzymes 1398:1419 Our patients addressed protein N-glycosylation changes at an early phase of the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD, pointing to CSF N-glycome analyses as promising tool to enhance early detection of AD and also suggesting alternative therapeutics target molecules, such as specific glyco-enzymes. 26455811 6 31 theme Previous 908:915 arg1 studies 917:923 Previous studies 908:923 Previous studies 908:923 Previous studies specifically focused on the key role of glycosyltransferase GnT-III on AD-pathogenesis, addressing the patho-mechanism to specific sugar modification of BACE-1 glycoprotein with bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 0 32 theme early 26:30 arg1 diagnosis 32:40 early diagnosis 26:40 early diagnosis in Alzheimer's disease 26:63 CSF N-glycoproteomics for early diagnosis in Alzheimer's disease. 26455811 7 33 theme N-glycome 1257:1265 arg1 analyses 1267:1274 CSF N-glycome analyses 1253:1274 CSF N-glycome analyses 1253:1274 Our patients addressed protein N-glycosylation changes at an early phase of the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD, pointing to CSF N-glycome analyses as promising tool to enhance early detection of AD and also suggesting alternative therapeutics target molecules, such as specific glyco-enzymes. 26455811 7 34 theme promising 1279:1287 arg1 tool 1289:1292 promising tool 1279:1292 promising tool to enhance early detection of AD and also suggesting alternative therapeutics target molecules, such as specific glyco-enzymes 1279:1419 Our patients addressed protein N-glycosylation changes at an early phase of the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD, pointing to CSF N-glycome analyses as promising tool to enhance early detection of AD and also suggesting alternative therapeutics target molecules, such as specific glyco-enzymes. 26455811 6 35 theme key 953:955 arg1 role 957:960 the key role 949:960 the key role of glycosyltransferase GnT-III 949:991 Previous studies specifically focused on the key role of glycosyltransferase GnT-III on AD-pathogenesis, addressing the patho-mechanism to specific sugar modification of BACE-1 glycoprotein with bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 7 36 dep tool 1289:1292 arg1 suggesting 1336:1345 suggesting 1336:1345 suggesting alternative therapeutics target molecules, such as specific glyco-enzymes 1336:1419 Our patients addressed protein N-glycosylation changes at an early phase of the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD, pointing to CSF N-glycome analyses as promising tool to enhance early detection of AD and also suggesting alternative therapeutics target molecules, such as specific glyco-enzymes. 26455811 7 36 dep tool 1289:1292 arg1 enhance 1297:1303 enhance 1297:1303 to enhance early detection of AD 1294:1325 Our patients addressed protein N-glycosylation changes at an early phase of the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD, pointing to CSF N-glycome analyses as promising tool to enhance early detection of AD and also suggesting alternative therapeutics target molecules, such as specific glyco-enzymes. 26455811 7 37 theme early 1305:1309 arg1 detection 1311:1319 early detection 1305:1319 early detection of AD 1305:1325 Our patients addressed protein N-glycosylation changes at an early phase of the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD, pointing to CSF N-glycome analyses as promising tool to enhance early detection of AD and also suggesting alternative therapeutics target molecules, such as specific glyco-enzymes. 26455811 4 38 contain had 771:773 arg1 patients 710:717 all the MCI patients 698:717 all the MCI patients 698:717 Noteworthy, all the MCI patients that converted to AD within the clinical follow-up, had an abnormal CSF glycosylation profile. 26455811 4 38 contain had 771:773 arg2 profile 805:811 an abnormal CSF glycosylation profile 775:811 an abnormal CSF glycosylation profile 775:811 Noteworthy, all the MCI patients that converted to AD within the clinical follow-up, had an abnormal CSF glycosylation profile. 26455811 3 39 theme overall 606:612 arg1 sialylation 614:624 the overall sialylation 602:624 the overall sialylation degree 602:631 We identified a group of AD and MCI subjects (about 40-50% of the studied sample) showing significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling, consisting of a decrease in the overall sialylation degree and an increase in species bearing bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 4 40 theme CSF 787:789 arg1 profile 805:811 an abnormal CSF glycosylation profile 775:811 an abnormal CSF glycosylation profile 775:811 Noteworthy, all the MCI patients that converted to AD within the clinical follow-up, had an abnormal CSF glycosylation profile. 26455811 7 41 theme early 1182:1186 arg1 phase 1188:1192 an early phase 1179:1192 an early phase of the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD 1179:1238 Our patients addressed protein N-glycosylation changes at an early phase of the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD, pointing to CSF N-glycome analyses as promising tool to enhance early detection of AD and also suggesting alternative therapeutics target molecules, such as specific glyco-enzymes. 26455811 7 42 theme biomolecular 1207:1218 arg1 misregulation 1220:1232 the whole biomolecular misregulation 1197:1232 the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD 1197:1238 Our patients addressed protein N-glycosylation changes at an early phase of the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD, pointing to CSF N-glycome analyses as promising tool to enhance early detection of AD and also suggesting alternative therapeutics target molecules, such as specific glyco-enzymes. 26455811 7 43 theme AD 1324:1325 arg1 detection 1311:1319 early detection 1305:1319 early detection of AD 1305:1325 Our patients addressed protein N-glycosylation changes at an early phase of the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD, pointing to CSF N-glycome analyses as promising tool to enhance early detection of AD and also suggesting alternative therapeutics target molecules, such as specific glyco-enzymes. 26455811 7 44 theme misregulation 1220:1232 arg1 phase 1188:1192 an early phase 1179:1192 an early phase of the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD 1179:1238 Our patients addressed protein N-glycosylation changes at an early phase of the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD, pointing to CSF N-glycome analyses as promising tool to enhance early detection of AD and also suggesting alternative therapeutics target molecules, such as specific glyco-enzymes. 26455811 4 45 theme abnormal 778:785 arg1 profile 805:811 an abnormal CSF glycosylation profile 775:811 an abnormal CSF glycosylation profile 775:811 Noteworthy, all the MCI patients that converted to AD within the clinical follow-up, had an abnormal CSF glycosylation profile. 26455811 3 46 theme studied 499:505 arg1 sample 507:512 the studied sample 495:512 the studied sample 495:512 We identified a group of AD and MCI subjects (about 40-50% of the studied sample) showing significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling, consisting of a decrease in the overall sialylation degree and an increase in species bearing bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 3 47 from decrease 590:597 arg1 species 652:658 species 652:658 species bearing bisecting GlcNAc 652:683 We identified a group of AD and MCI subjects (about 40-50% of the studied sample) showing significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling, consisting of a decrease in the overall sialylation degree and an increase in species bearing bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 3 47 from decrease 590:597 arg1 degree 626:631 the overall sialylation degree 602:631 the overall sialylation degree 602:631 We identified a group of AD and MCI subjects (about 40-50% of the studied sample) showing significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling, consisting of a decrease in the overall sialylation degree and an increase in species bearing bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 4 48 theme clinical 751:758 arg1 follow-up 760:768 the clinical follow-up 747:768 the clinical follow-up 747:768 Noteworthy, all the MCI patients that converted to AD within the clinical follow-up, had an abnormal CSF glycosylation profile. 26455811 3 49 theme sample 507:512 arg1 % 490:490 about 40-50% 479:490 about 40-50% of the studied sample 479:512 We identified a group of AD and MCI subjects (about 40-50% of the studied sample) showing significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling, consisting of a decrease in the overall sialylation degree and an increase in species bearing bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 3 49 theme sample 507:512 arg1 sample 507:512 the studied sample 495:512 the studied sample 495:512 We identified a group of AD and MCI subjects (about 40-50% of the studied sample) showing significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling, consisting of a decrease in the overall sialylation degree and an increase in species bearing bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 3 50 theme MCI 465:467 arg1 subjects 469:476 AD and MCI subjects 458:476 subjects 469:476 We identified a group of AD and MCI subjects (about 40-50% of the studied sample) showing significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling, consisting of a decrease in the overall sialylation degree and an increase in species bearing bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 1 51 with patients 220:227 arg1 n:24 255:258 n:24 255:258 n:24 255:258 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 51 with patients 220:227 arg1 disease 246:252 Alzheimer's disease 234:252 Alzheimer's disease (n:24) 234:259 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 52 from stage 376:380 arg1 patients 349:356 these last as potential AD patients 322:356 these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage 322:380 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 52 from stage 376:380 arg1 impairment 297:306 mild cognitive impairment 282:306 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11) 282:319 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 3 53 theme profiling 563:571 arg1 alteration 535:544 significant alteration 523:544 significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling 523:571 We identified a group of AD and MCI subjects (about 40-50% of the studied sample) showing significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling, consisting of a decrease in the overall sialylation degree and an increase in species bearing bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 5 54 theme AD 889:890 arg1 onset 901:905 an AD clinical onset 886:905 an AD clinical onset 886:905 Based on the studied cohort, CSF glycosylation changes may occur before an AD clinical onset. 26455811 3 55 theme subjects 469:476 arg1 subjects 469:476 AD and MCI subjects 458:476 subjects 469:476 We identified a group of AD and MCI subjects (about 40-50% of the studied sample) showing significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling, consisting of a decrease in the overall sialylation degree and an increase in species bearing bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 3 55 theme subjects 469:476 arg1 group 449:453 a group 447:453 a group 447:453 We identified a group of AD and MCI subjects (about 40-50% of the studied sample) showing significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling, consisting of a decrease in the overall sialylation degree and an increase in species bearing bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 6 56 theme GnT-III 985:991 arg1 role 957:960 the key role 949:960 the key role of glycosyltransferase GnT-III 949:991 Previous studies specifically focused on the key role of glycosyltransferase GnT-III on AD-pathogenesis, addressing the patho-mechanism to specific sugar modification of BACE-1 glycoprotein with bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 7 57 theme protein 1144:1150 arg1 changes 1168:1174 protein N-glycosylation changes 1144:1174 protein N-glycosylation changes 1144:1174 Our patients addressed protein N-glycosylation changes at an early phase of the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD, pointing to CSF N-glycome analyses as promising tool to enhance early detection of AD and also suggesting alternative therapeutics target molecules, such as specific glyco-enzymes. 26455811 3 58 theme CSF 549:551 arg1 profiling 563:571 CSF N-glycome profiling 549:571 CSF N-glycome profiling 549:571 We identified a group of AD and MCI subjects (about 40-50% of the studied sample) showing significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling, consisting of a decrease in the overall sialylation degree and an increase in species bearing bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 6 59 theme glycoprotein 1085:1096 arg1 modification 1062:1073 specific sugar modification 1047:1073 specific sugar modification of BACE-1 glycoprotein with bisecting GlcNAc 1047:1118 Previous studies specifically focused on the key role of glycosyltransferase GnT-III on AD-pathogenesis, addressing the patho-mechanism to specific sugar modification of BACE-1 glycoprotein with bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 6 60 theme glycosyltransferase 965:983 arg1 GnT-III 985:991 glycosyltransferase GnT-III 965:991 glycosyltransferase GnT-III 965:991 Previous studies specifically focused on the key role of glycosyltransferase GnT-III on AD-pathogenesis, addressing the patho-mechanism to specific sugar modification of BACE-1 glycoprotein with bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 7 61 from misregulation 1220:1232 arg1 AD 1237:1238 AD 1237:1238 AD 1237:1238 Our patients addressed protein N-glycosylation changes at an early phase of the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD, pointing to CSF N-glycome analyses as promising tool to enhance early detection of AD and also suggesting alternative therapeutics target molecules, such as specific glyco-enzymes. 26455811 1 62 theme specific 183:190 arg1 pattern 206:212 specific glycosylation pattern 183:212 specific glycosylation pattern(s) 183:215 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 62 theme specific 183:190 arg1 s 214:214 s 214:214 s 214:214 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 63 theme last 328:331 arg1 patients 349:356 these last as potential AD patients 322:356 these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage 322:380 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 63 theme last 328:331 arg1 impairment 297:306 mild cognitive impairment 282:306 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11) 282:319 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 5 64 theme CSF 843:845 arg1 changes 861:867 CSF glycosylation changes 843:867 CSF glycosylation changes 843:867 Based on the studied cohort, CSF glycosylation changes may occur before an AD clinical onset. 26455811 1 65 theme Cerebrospinal 109:121 arg1 fluid 123:127 Cerebrospinal fluid 109:127 the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques 94:161 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 66 theme glycosylation 192:204 arg1 pattern 206:212 specific glycosylation pattern 183:212 specific glycosylation pattern(s) 183:215 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 66 theme glycosylation 192:204 arg1 s 214:214 s 214:214 s 214:214 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 7 67 from phase 1188:1192 arg1 AD 1237:1238 AD 1237:1238 AD 1237:1238 Our patients addressed protein N-glycosylation changes at an early phase of the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD, pointing to CSF N-glycome analyses as promising tool to enhance early detection of AD and also suggesting alternative therapeutics target molecules, such as specific glyco-enzymes. 26455811 1 68 theme as 333:334 arg1 patients 349:356 these last as potential AD patients 322:356 these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage 322:380 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 1 68 theme as 333:334 arg1 impairment 297:306 mild cognitive impairment 282:306 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11) 282:319 This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. 26455811 5 69 theme glycosylation 847:859 arg1 changes 861:867 CSF glycosylation changes 843:867 CSF glycosylation changes 843:867 Based on the studied cohort, CSF glycosylation changes may occur before an AD clinical onset. 26455811 6 70 theme bisecting 1103:1111 arg1 GlcNAc 1113:1118 bisecting GlcNAc 1103:1118 bisecting GlcNAc 1103:1118 Previous studies specifically focused on the key role of glycosyltransferase GnT-III on AD-pathogenesis, addressing the patho-mechanism to specific sugar modification of BACE-1 glycoprotein with bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 3 71 dep subjects 469:476 arg1 % 490:490 about 40-50% 479:490 about 40-50% of the studied sample 479:512 We identified a group of AD and MCI subjects (about 40-50% of the studied sample) showing significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling, consisting of a decrease in the overall sialylation degree and an increase in species bearing bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 3 71 dep subjects 469:476 arg1 sample 507:512 the studied sample 495:512 the studied sample 495:512 We identified a group of AD and MCI subjects (about 40-50% of the studied sample) showing significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling, consisting of a decrease in the overall sialylation degree and an increase in species bearing bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 6 72 gly glycoprotein 1085:1096 arg1 glycoprotein 1085:1096 BACE-1 glycoprotein 1078:1096 BACE-1 glycoprotein with bisecting GlcNAc 1078:1118 Previous studies specifically focused on the key role of glycosyltransferase GnT-III on AD-pathogenesis, addressing the patho-mechanism to specific sugar modification of BACE-1 glycoprotein with bisecting GlcNAc. 26455811 7 73 theme N-glycosylation 1152:1166 arg1 changes 1168:1174 protein N-glycosylation changes 1144:1174 protein N-glycosylation changes 1144:1174 Our patients addressed protein N-glycosylation changes at an early phase of the whole biomolecular misregulation on AD, pointing to CSF N-glycome analyses as promising tool to enhance early detection of AD and also suggesting alternative therapeutics target molecules, such as specific glyco-enzymes. 26455811 3 74 theme bisecting 668:676 arg1 GlcNAc 678:683 bisecting GlcNAc 668:683 bisecting GlcNAc 668:683 We identified a group of AD and MCI subjects (about 40-50% of the studied sample) showing significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling, consisting of a decrease in the overall sialylation degree and an increase in species bearing bisecting GlcNAc. 25784302 5 0 theme further 1110:1116 arg1 application 1118:1128 further application 1110:1128 further application 1110:1128 For further application, the mPDA NPs was utilized in CRL immobilizing procedures and demonstrated can facilitate improving the enzyme activities. 25784302 2 1 theme Candida 679:685 arg1 CRL 702:704 CRL 702:704 CRL 702:704 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 2 1 theme Candida 679:685 arg1 lipase 694:699 Candida rugosa lipase 679:699 Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization 679:720 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 3 2 theme infrared 846:853 arg1 FT-IR 864:868 FT-IR 864:868 FT-IR 864:868 The resulting support material was characterized by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) analyser, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25784302 3 2 theme infrared 846:853 arg1 spectra 855:861 infrared spectra 846:861 infrared spectra (FT-IR) 846:869 The resulting support material was characterized by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) analyser, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25784302 3 3 theme transmission 788:799 arg1 TEM 822:824 TEM 822:824 TEM 822:824 The resulting support material was characterized by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) analyser, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25784302 3 3 theme transmission 788:799 arg1 Fourier 828:834 Fourier 828:834 Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) analyser, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) 828:967 The resulting support material was characterized by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) analyser, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25784302 3 3 theme transmission 788:799 arg1 microscope 810:819 the transmission electron microscope 784:819 the transmission electron microscope (TEM) 784:825 The resulting support material was characterized by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) analyser, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25784302 3 4 theme electron 801:808 arg1 TEM 822:824 TEM 822:824 TEM 822:824 The resulting support material was characterized by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) analyser, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25784302 3 4 theme electron 801:808 arg1 Fourier 828:834 Fourier 828:834 Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) analyser, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) 828:967 The resulting support material was characterized by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) analyser, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25784302 3 4 theme electron 801:808 arg1 microscope 810:819 the transmission electron microscope 784:819 the transmission electron microscope (TEM) 784:825 The resulting support material was characterized by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) analyser, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25784302 3 5 theme vibrating 933:941 arg1 VSM 964:966 VSM 964:966 VSM 964:966 The resulting support material was characterized by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) analyser, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25784302 3 5 theme vibrating 933:941 arg1 magnetometer 950:961 vibrating sample magnetometer 933:961 vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) 933:967 The resulting support material was characterized by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) analyser, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25784302 8 6 theme magnetic 1558:1565 arg1 composite 1579:1587 This magnetic bioadhesive composite 1553:1587 This magnetic bioadhesive composite with functionalized properties and adhesion strength 1553:1640 This magnetic bioadhesive composite with functionalized properties and adhesion strength presents a general strategy for the immobilization of macromolecules. 25784302 1 7 theme magnetic 290:297 arg1 NPs 314:316 NPs 314:316 NPs 314:316 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material, which was synthesized based on the covalent assembly of biomimetic polymer and oxidized polysaccharide on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), has been developed in this feasibility study. 25784302 1 7 theme magnetic 290:297 arg1 nanoparticles 299:311 magnetic nanoparticles 290:311 magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) 290:317 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material, which was synthesized based on the covalent assembly of biomimetic polymer and oxidized polysaccharide on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), has been developed in this feasibility study. 25784302 6 8 theme g 1293:1293 arg1 amount 1265:1270 The optimum amount 1253:1270 The optimum amount of lipase 1253:1280 The optimum amount of lipase was 200 mg g(-1) support, the optimal pH and temperature for the catalyse condition of the immobilized CRL was 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. 25784302 6 8 theme g 1293:1293 arg1 lipase 1275:1280 lipase 1275:1280 lipase 1275:1280 The optimum amount of lipase was 200 mg g(-1) support, the optimal pH and temperature for the catalyse condition of the immobilized CRL was 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. 25784302 6 8 theme g 1293:1293 arg1 support 1299:1305 200 mg g(-1) support 1286:1305 200 mg g(-1) support 1286:1305 The optimum amount of lipase was 200 mg g(-1) support, the optimal pH and temperature for the catalyse condition of the immobilized CRL was 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. 25784302 8 9 theme bioadhesive 1567:1577 arg1 composite 1579:1587 This magnetic bioadhesive composite 1553:1587 This magnetic bioadhesive composite with functionalized properties and adhesion strength 1553:1640 This magnetic bioadhesive composite with functionalized properties and adhesion strength presents a general strategy for the immobilization of macromolecules. 25784302 3 10 theme sample 943:948 arg1 VSM 964:966 VSM 964:966 VSM 964:966 The resulting support material was characterized by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) analyser, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25784302 3 10 theme sample 943:948 arg1 magnetometer 950:961 vibrating sample magnetometer 933:961 vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) 933:967 The resulting support material was characterized by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) analyser, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25784302 3 11 theme TG 915:916 arg1 analyser 919:926 thermogravimetry (TG) analyser 897:926 thermogravimetry (TG) analyser 897:926 The resulting support material was characterized by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) analyser, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25784302 5 12 theme mPDA 1135:1138 arg1 NPs 1140:1142 the mPDA NPs 1131:1142 the mPDA NPs 1131:1142 For further application, the mPDA NPs was utilized in CRL immobilizing procedures and demonstrated can facilitate improving the enzyme activities. 25784302 2 13 theme controllable 496:507 arg1 thickness 509:517 a controllable thickness 494:517 a controllable thickness 494:517 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 2 14 theme mPDA 614:617 arg1 NPs 619:621 the mPDA NPs 610:621 the mPDA NPs 610:621 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 4 15 theme core-shell 1032:1041 arg1 structure 1043:1051 distinct core-shell structure 1023:1051 distinct core-shell structure 1023:1051 It was verified that the prepared mPDA NPs possessed distinct core-shell structure with uniform size and high saturation magnetization. 25784302 6 16 theme 200 1286:1288 arg1 mg 1290:1291 mg 1290:1291 mg 1290:1291 The optimum amount of lipase was 200 mg g(-1) support, the optimal pH and temperature for the catalyse condition of the immobilized CRL was 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. 25784302 2 17 used used 430:433 arg2 polydopamine 406:417 polydopamine 406:417 polydopamine (PDA) 406:423 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 2 17 used used 430:433 arg2 polymer 397:403 the bio-inspired polymer 380:403 the bio-inspired polymer 380:403 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 6 18 theme CRL 1385:1387 arg1 condition 1356:1364 the catalyse condition 1343:1364 the catalyse condition of the immobilized CRL 1343:1387 The optimum amount of lipase was 200 mg g(-1) support, the optimal pH and temperature for the catalyse condition of the immobilized CRL was 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. 25784302 5 19 used utilized 1148:1155 arg2 NPs 1140:1142 the mPDA NPs 1131:1142 the mPDA NPs 1131:1142 For further application, the mPDA NPs was utilized in CRL immobilizing procedures and demonstrated can facilitate improving the enzyme activities. 25784302 7 20 theme emulsion 1543:1550 arg1 hydrolysis 1519:1528 batch hydrolysis 1513:1528 batch hydrolysis of olive oil emulsion 1513:1550 Moreover, the immobilized CRL kept the high activity at 77% after 12 times of recycling for batch hydrolysis of olive oil emulsion. 25784302 3 21 dep Fourier 828:834 arg1 transform 836:844 transform 836:844 transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) analyser, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) 836:967 The resulting support material was characterized by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) analyser, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25784302 4 22 theme uniform 1058:1064 arg1 size 1066:1069 uniform size 1058:1069 uniform size 1058:1069 It was verified that the prepared mPDA NPs possessed distinct core-shell structure with uniform size and high saturation magnetization. 25784302 8 23 with composite 1579:1587 arg1 properties 1609:1618 functionalized properties 1594:1618 functionalized properties 1594:1618 This magnetic bioadhesive composite with functionalized properties and adhesion strength presents a general strategy for the immobilization of macromolecules. 25784302 8 23 with composite 1579:1587 arg1 strength 1633:1640 adhesion strength 1624:1640 adhesion strength 1624:1640 This magnetic bioadhesive composite with functionalized properties and adhesion strength presents a general strategy for the immobilization of macromolecules. 25784302 8 24 theme general 1653:1659 arg1 strategy 1661:1668 a general strategy 1651:1668 a general strategy for the immobilization of macromolecules 1651:1709 This magnetic bioadhesive composite with functionalized properties and adhesion strength presents a general strategy for the immobilization of macromolecules. 25784302 4 25 theme distinct 1023:1030 arg1 structure 1043:1051 distinct core-shell structure 1023:1051 distinct core-shell structure 1023:1051 It was verified that the prepared mPDA NPs possessed distinct core-shell structure with uniform size and high saturation magnetization. 25784302 1 26 theme flexible 114:121 arg1 material 174:181 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material 112:181 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material 112:181 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material, which was synthesized based on the covalent assembly of biomimetic polymer and oxidized polysaccharide on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), has been developed in this feasibility study. 25784302 5 27 theme enzyme 1234:1239 arg1 activities 1241:1250 the enzyme activities 1230:1250 the enzyme activities 1230:1250 For further application, the mPDA NPs was utilized in CRL immobilizing procedures and demonstrated can facilitate improving the enzyme activities. 25784302 2 28 theme bio-inspired 384:395 arg1 polydopamine 406:417 polydopamine 406:417 polydopamine (PDA) 406:423 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 2 28 theme bio-inspired 384:395 arg1 polymer 397:403 the bio-inspired polymer 380:403 the bio-inspired polymer 380:403 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 0 29 theme magnetic 26:33 arg1 polydopamine/alginate 35:55 core-shell magnetic polydopamine/alginate 15:55 core-shell magnetic polydopamine/alginate 15:55 Preparation of core-shell magnetic polydopamine/alginate biocomposite for Candida rugosa lipase immobilization. 25784302 7 30 theme batch 1513:1517 arg1 hydrolysis 1519:1528 batch hydrolysis 1513:1528 batch hydrolysis of olive oil emulsion 1513:1550 Moreover, the immobilized CRL kept the high activity at 77% after 12 times of recycling for batch hydrolysis of olive oil emulsion. 25784302 6 31 theme lipase 1275:1280 arg1 amount 1265:1270 The optimum amount 1253:1270 The optimum amount of lipase 1253:1280 The optimum amount of lipase was 200 mg g(-1) support, the optimal pH and temperature for the catalyse condition of the immobilized CRL was 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. 25784302 6 31 theme lipase 1275:1280 arg1 support 1299:1305 200 mg g(-1) support 1286:1305 200 mg g(-1) support 1286:1305 The optimum amount of lipase was 200 mg g(-1) support, the optimal pH and temperature for the catalyse condition of the immobilized CRL was 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. 25784302 6 31 theme lipase 1275:1280 arg1 lipase 1275:1280 lipase 1275:1280 lipase 1275:1280 The optimum amount of lipase was 200 mg g(-1) support, the optimal pH and temperature for the catalyse condition of the immobilized CRL was 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. 25784302 7 32 theme oil 1539:1541 arg1 emulsion 1543:1550 olive oil emulsion 1533:1550 olive oil emulsion 1533:1550 Moreover, the immobilized CRL kept the high activity at 77% after 12 times of recycling for batch hydrolysis of olive oil emulsion. 25784302 1 33 theme covalent 219:226 arg1 assembly 228:235 the covalent assembly 215:235 the covalent assembly of biomimetic polymer 215:257 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material, which was synthesized based on the covalent assembly of biomimetic polymer and oxidized polysaccharide on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), has been developed in this feasibility study. 25784302 0 34 theme core-shell 15:24 arg1 polydopamine/alginate 35:55 core-shell magnetic polydopamine/alginate 15:55 core-shell magnetic polydopamine/alginate 15:55 Preparation of core-shell magnetic polydopamine/alginate biocomposite for Candida rugosa lipase immobilization. 25784302 4 35 theme saturation 1080:1089 arg1 magnetization 1091:1103 high saturation magnetization 1075:1103 high saturation magnetization 1075:1103 It was verified that the prepared mPDA NPs possessed distinct core-shell structure with uniform size and high saturation magnetization. 25784302 2 36 theme dip-coating 525:535 arg1 process 537:543 a dip-coating process 523:543 a dip-coating process 523:543 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 6 37 theme optimal 1312:1318 arg1 pH 1320:1321 optimal pH 1312:1321 optimal pH 1312:1321 The optimum amount of lipase was 200 mg g(-1) support, the optimal pH and temperature for the catalyse condition of the immobilized CRL was 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. 25784302 1 38 theme biocompatible 124:136 arg1 material 174:181 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material 112:181 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material 112:181 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material, which was synthesized based on the covalent assembly of biomimetic polymer and oxidized polysaccharide on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), has been developed in this feasibility study. 25784302 2 39 theme well-monodispersed 449:466 arg1 NPs 484:486 mPDA NPs 479:486 mPDA NPs 479:486 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 2 39 theme well-monodispersed 449:466 arg1 NPs 474:476 the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs 445:476 the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness 445:517 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 7 40 theme olive 1533:1537 arg1 oil 1539:1541 olive oil 1533:1541 olive oil emulsion 1533:1550 Moreover, the immobilized CRL kept the high activity at 77% after 12 times of recycling for batch hydrolysis of olive oil emulsion. 25784302 7 41 theme recycling 1499:1507 arg1 times 1490:1494 12 times 1487:1494 12 times of recycling for batch hydrolysis of olive oil emulsion 1487:1550 Moreover, the immobilized CRL kept the high activity at 77% after 12 times of recycling for batch hydrolysis of olive oil emulsion. 25784302 6 42 dep pH 1320:1321 arg1 the 1308:1310 the 1308:1310 the 1308:1310 The optimum amount of lipase was 200 mg g(-1) support, the optimal pH and temperature for the catalyse condition of the immobilized CRL was 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. 25784302 8 43 theme adhesion 1624:1631 arg1 strength 1633:1640 adhesion strength 1624:1640 adhesion strength 1624:1640 This magnetic bioadhesive composite with functionalized properties and adhesion strength presents a general strategy for the immobilization of macromolecules. 25784302 3 44 theme X-ray 872:876 arg1 XRD 891:893 XRD 891:893 XRD 891:893 The resulting support material was characterized by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) analyser, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25784302 3 44 theme X-ray 872:876 arg1 diffraction 878:888 X-ray diffraction 872:888 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 872:894 The resulting support material was characterized by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) analyser, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25784302 0 45 theme polydopamine/alginate 35:55 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of core-shell magnetic polydopamine/alginate 0:55 Preparation of core-shell magnetic polydopamine/alginate biocomposite for Candida rugosa lipase immobilization. 25784302 3 46 theme support 737:743 arg1 material 745:752 The resulting support material 723:752 The resulting support material 723:752 The resulting support material was characterized by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) analyser, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25784302 2 47 theme Fe3O4 468:472 arg1 NPs 484:486 mPDA NPs 479:486 mPDA NPs 479:486 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 2 47 theme Fe3O4 468:472 arg1 NPs 474:476 the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs 445:476 the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness 445:517 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 8 48 theme macromolecules 1696:1709 arg1 immobilization 1678:1691 the immobilization 1674:1691 the immobilization of macromolecules 1674:1709 This magnetic bioadhesive composite with functionalized properties and adhesion strength presents a general strategy for the immobilization of macromolecules. 25784302 7 49 theme high 1460:1463 arg1 activity 1465:1472 the high activity 1456:1472 the high activity 1456:1472 Moreover, the immobilized CRL kept the high activity at 77% after 12 times of recycling for batch hydrolysis of olive oil emulsion. 25784302 1 50 theme biomimetic 240:249 arg1 polymer 251:257 biomimetic polymer 240:257 biomimetic polymer 240:257 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material, which was synthesized based on the covalent assembly of biomimetic polymer and oxidized polysaccharide on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), has been developed in this feasibility study. 25784302 0 51 theme Candida 74:80 arg1 lipase 89:94 Candida rugosa lipase 74:94 Candida rugosa lipase immobilization 74:109 Preparation of core-shell magnetic polydopamine/alginate biocomposite for Candida rugosa lipase immobilization. 25784302 2 52 theme alginate 555:562 arg1 ADA 577:579 ADA 577:579 ADA 577:579 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 2 52 theme alginate 555:562 arg1 agent 669:673 a naturally occurring linking agent 639:673 a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization 639:720 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 2 52 theme alginate 555:562 arg1 di-aldehyde 564:574 then the alginate di-aldehyde 546:574 then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) 546:580 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 3 53 theme thermogravimetry 897:912 arg1 analyser 919:926 thermogravimetry (TG) analyser 897:926 thermogravimetry (TG) analyser 897:926 The resulting support material was characterized by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) analyser, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25784302 7 54 theme immobilized 1435:1445 arg1 CRL 1447:1449 the immobilized CRL 1431:1449 the immobilized CRL 1431:1449 Moreover, the immobilized CRL kept the high activity at 77% after 12 times of recycling for batch hydrolysis of olive oil emulsion. 25784302 4 55 contain possessed 1013:1021 arg1 NPs 1009:1011 the prepared mPDA NPs 991:1011 the prepared mPDA NPs 991:1011 It was verified that the prepared mPDA NPs possessed distinct core-shell structure with uniform size and high saturation magnetization. 25784302 4 55 contain possessed 1013:1021 arg2 structure 1043:1051 distinct core-shell structure 1023:1051 distinct core-shell structure 1023:1051 It was verified that the prepared mPDA NPs possessed distinct core-shell structure with uniform size and high saturation magnetization. 25784302 1 56 from polysaccharide 272:285 arg1 NPs 314:316 NPs 314:316 NPs 314:316 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material, which was synthesized based on the covalent assembly of biomimetic polymer and oxidized polysaccharide on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), has been developed in this feasibility study. 25784302 1 56 from polysaccharide 272:285 arg1 nanoparticles 299:311 magnetic nanoparticles 290:311 magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) 290:317 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material, which was synthesized based on the covalent assembly of biomimetic polymer and oxidized polysaccharide on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), has been developed in this feasibility study. 25784302 6 57 theme immobilized 1373:1383 arg1 CRL 1385:1387 the immobilized CRL 1369:1387 the immobilized CRL 1369:1387 The optimum amount of lipase was 200 mg g(-1) support, the optimal pH and temperature for the catalyse condition of the immobilized CRL was 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. 25784302 2 58 theme linking 661:667 arg1 agent 669:673 a naturally occurring linking agent 639:673 a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization 639:720 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 2 58 theme linking 661:667 arg1 di-aldehyde 564:574 then the alginate di-aldehyde 546:574 then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) 546:580 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 1 59 theme bioadhesive 142:152 arg1 material 174:181 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material 112:181 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material 112:181 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material, which was synthesized based on the covalent assembly of biomimetic polymer and oxidized polysaccharide on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), has been developed in this feasibility study. 25784302 3 60 theme resulting 727:735 arg1 material 745:752 The resulting support material 723:752 The resulting support material 723:752 The resulting support material was characterized by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) analyser, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 25784302 6 61 theme optimum 1257:1263 arg1 amount 1265:1270 The optimum amount 1253:1270 The optimum amount of lipase 1253:1280 The optimum amount of lipase was 200 mg g(-1) support, the optimal pH and temperature for the catalyse condition of the immobilized CRL was 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. 25784302 6 61 theme optimum 1257:1263 arg1 support 1299:1305 200 mg g(-1) support 1286:1305 200 mg g(-1) support 1286:1305 The optimum amount of lipase was 200 mg g(-1) support, the optimal pH and temperature for the catalyse condition of the immobilized CRL was 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. 25784302 6 61 theme optimum 1257:1263 arg1 lipase 1275:1280 lipase 1275:1280 lipase 1275:1280 The optimum amount of lipase was 200 mg g(-1) support, the optimal pH and temperature for the catalyse condition of the immobilized CRL was 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. 25784302 1 62 from assembly 228:235 arg1 NPs 314:316 NPs 314:316 NPs 314:316 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material, which was synthesized based on the covalent assembly of biomimetic polymer and oxidized polysaccharide on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), has been developed in this feasibility study. 25784302 1 62 from assembly 228:235 arg1 nanoparticles 299:311 magnetic nanoparticles 290:311 magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) 290:317 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material, which was synthesized based on the covalent assembly of biomimetic polymer and oxidized polysaccharide on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), has been developed in this feasibility study. 25784302 1 63 theme enzyme 154:159 arg1 material 174:181 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material 112:181 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material 112:181 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material, which was synthesized based on the covalent assembly of biomimetic polymer and oxidized polysaccharide on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), has been developed in this feasibility study. 25784302 2 64 with NPs 474:476 arg1 thickness 509:517 a controllable thickness 494:517 a controllable thickness 494:517 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 1 65 theme polymer 251:257 arg1 assembly 228:235 the covalent assembly 215:235 the covalent assembly of biomimetic polymer 215:257 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material, which was synthesized based on the covalent assembly of biomimetic polymer and oxidized polysaccharide on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), has been developed in this feasibility study. 25784302 1 65 theme polymer 251:257 arg1 polysaccharide 272:285 oxidized polysaccharide 263:285 oxidized polysaccharide on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) 263:317 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material, which was synthesized based on the covalent assembly of biomimetic polymer and oxidized polysaccharide on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), has been developed in this feasibility study. 25784302 2 66 theme occurring 651:659 arg1 agent 669:673 a naturally occurring linking agent 639:673 a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization 639:720 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 2 66 theme occurring 651:659 arg1 di-aldehyde 564:574 then the alginate di-aldehyde 546:574 then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) 546:580 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 4 67 theme high 1075:1078 arg1 magnetization 1091:1103 high saturation magnetization 1075:1103 high saturation magnetization 1075:1103 It was verified that the prepared mPDA NPs possessed distinct core-shell structure with uniform size and high saturation magnetization. 25784302 1 68 theme immobilizing 161:172 arg1 material 174:181 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material 112:181 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material 112:181 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material, which was synthesized based on the covalent assembly of biomimetic polymer and oxidized polysaccharide on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), has been developed in this feasibility study. 25784302 4 69 theme mPDA 1004:1007 arg1 NPs 1009:1011 the prepared mPDA NPs 991:1011 the prepared mPDA NPs 991:1011 It was verified that the prepared mPDA NPs possessed distinct core-shell structure with uniform size and high saturation magnetization. 25784302 8 70 theme functionalized 1594:1607 arg1 properties 1609:1618 functionalized properties 1594:1618 functionalized properties 1594:1618 This magnetic bioadhesive composite with functionalized properties and adhesion strength presents a general strategy for the immobilization of macromolecules. 25784302 0 71 theme lipase 89:94 arg1 immobilization 96:109 Candida rugosa lipase immobilization 74:109 Candida rugosa lipase immobilization 74:109 Preparation of core-shell magnetic polydopamine/alginate biocomposite for Candida rugosa lipase immobilization. 25784302 6 72 theme catalyse 1347:1354 arg1 condition 1356:1364 the catalyse condition 1343:1364 the catalyse condition of the immobilized CRL 1343:1387 The optimum amount of lipase was 200 mg g(-1) support, the optimal pH and temperature for the catalyse condition of the immobilized CRL was 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. 25784302 2 73 theme lipase 694:699 arg1 immobilization 707:720 Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization 679:720 Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization 679:720 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 4 74 theme prepared 995:1002 arg1 NPs 1009:1011 the prepared mPDA NPs 991:1011 the prepared mPDA NPs 991:1011 It was verified that the prepared mPDA NPs possessed distinct core-shell structure with uniform size and high saturation magnetization. 25784302 1 75 theme oxidized 263:270 arg1 polysaccharide 272:285 oxidized polysaccharide 263:285 oxidized polysaccharide on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) 263:317 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material, which was synthesized based on the covalent assembly of biomimetic polymer and oxidized polysaccharide on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), has been developed in this feasibility study. 25784302 0 76 theme rugosa 82:87 arg1 lipase 89:94 Candida rugosa lipase 74:94 Candida rugosa lipase immobilization 74:109 Preparation of core-shell magnetic polydopamine/alginate biocomposite for Candida rugosa lipase immobilization. 25784302 1 77 theme feasibility 347:357 arg1 study 359:363 this feasibility study 342:363 this feasibility study 342:363 A flexible, biocompatible and bioadhesive enzyme immobilizing material, which was synthesized based on the covalent assembly of biomimetic polymer and oxidized polysaccharide on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), has been developed in this feasibility study. 25784302 2 78 theme rugosa 687:692 arg1 CRL 702:704 CRL 702:704 CRL 702:704 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 2 78 theme rugosa 687:692 arg1 lipase 694:699 Candida rugosa lipase 679:699 Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization 679:720 In this work, the bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine (PDA), was used to modify the well-monodispersed Fe3O4 NPs (mPDA NPs) with a controllable thickness via a dip-coating process, then the alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) was covalently assembled on the mPDA NPs and employed as a naturally occurring linking agent for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. 25784302 6 79 theme mg 1290:1291 arg1 -1 1295:1296 -1 1295:1296 -1 1295:1296 The optimum amount of lipase was 200 mg g(-1) support, the optimal pH and temperature for the catalyse condition of the immobilized CRL was 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. 25784302 6 79 theme mg 1290:1291 arg1 g 1293:1293 200 mg g 1286:1293 200 mg g(-1) support 1286:1305 The optimum amount of lipase was 200 mg g(-1) support, the optimal pH and temperature for the catalyse condition of the immobilized CRL was 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. 29285521 0 0 theme Polydioxanone 84:96 arg1 Polysaccharides 119:133 Polydioxanone and Anionic Sulfated Polysaccharides 84:133 Polydioxanone and Anionic Sulfated Polysaccharides 84:133 Enhanced Differentiation of Human Preosteoblasts on Electrospun Blend Fiber Mats of Polydioxanone and Anionic Sulfated Polysaccharides. 29285521 1 1 theme SaOS-2 173:178 arg1 preosteoblasts 180:193 SaOS-2 preosteoblasts 173:193 SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) 173:381 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 4 2 link cell-derived 936:947 arg1 bodies 958:963 cell-derived embryoid bodies 936:963 cell-derived embryoid bodies 936:963 The electrospun blend fibers also supported human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies with high cell viability, which underlines the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications. 29285521 2 3 theme properties 491:500 arg1 analysis 459:466 The detailed analysis 446:466 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties 446:500 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. 29285521 1 4 theme preosteoblasts 180:193 arg1 viability 140:148 viability 140:148 viability 140:148 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 1 4 theme preosteoblasts 180:193 arg1 differentiation 154:168 differentiation 154:168 differentiation 154:168 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 4 5 theme blend 1037:1041 arg1 systems 1049:1055 these novel blend fiber systems 1025:1055 these novel blend fiber systems 1025:1055 The electrospun blend fibers also supported human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies with high cell viability, which underlines the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications. 29285521 4 6 dep cells 922:926 arg1 bodies 958:963 cell-derived embryoid bodies 936:963 cell-derived embryoid bodies 936:963 The electrospun blend fibers also supported human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies with high cell viability, which underlines the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications. 29285521 0 7 theme Anionic 102:108 arg1 Polysaccharides 119:133 Polydioxanone and Anionic Sulfated Polysaccharides 84:133 Polydioxanone and Anionic Sulfated Polysaccharides 84:133 Enhanced Differentiation of Human Preosteoblasts on Electrospun Blend Fiber Mats of Polydioxanone and Anionic Sulfated Polysaccharides. 29285521 4 8 theme blend 857:861 arg1 fibers 863:868 The electrospun blend fibers 841:868 The electrospun blend fibers 841:868 The electrospun blend fibers also supported human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies with high cell viability, which underlines the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications. 29285521 1 9 from preosteoblasts 180:193 arg1 mats 204:207 fiber mats 198:207 fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) 198:381 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 1 10 dep viability 140:148 arg1 The 136:138 The 136:138 The 136:138 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 4 11 theme novel 1031:1035 arg1 systems 1049:1055 these novel blend fiber systems 1025:1055 these novel blend fiber systems 1025:1055 The electrospun blend fibers also supported human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies with high cell viability, which underlines the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications. 29285521 3 12 theme highest 775:781 arg1 differentiation 794:808 the highest osteogenic differentiation 771:808 the highest osteogenic differentiation with very good cell viability 771:838 The fibrous mats of PDX/FUC led to the highest osteogenic differentiation with very good cell viability. 29285521 2 13 theme miscibility 533:543 arg1 polysaccharide 560:573 the polysaccharide 556:573 the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks 556:733 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. 29285521 2 13 theme miscibility 533:543 arg1 degree 523:528 a different degree 511:528 a different degree of miscibility of PDX 511:550 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. 29285521 4 14 theme electrospun 845:855 arg1 fibers 863:868 The electrospun blend fibers 841:868 The electrospun blend fibers 841:868 The electrospun blend fibers also supported human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies with high cell viability, which underlines the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications. 29285521 1 15 from differentiation 154:168 arg1 mats 204:207 fiber mats 198:207 fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) 198:381 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 4 16 theme high 970:973 arg1 viability 980:988 high cell viability 970:988 high cell viability 970:988 The electrospun blend fibers also supported human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies with high cell viability, which underlines the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications. 29285521 3 17 theme osteogenic 783:792 arg1 differentiation 794:808 the highest osteogenic differentiation 771:808 the highest osteogenic differentiation with very good cell viability 771:838 The fibrous mats of PDX/FUC led to the highest osteogenic differentiation with very good cell viability. 29285521 0 18 theme Polysaccharides 119:133 arg1 Mats 76:79 Electrospun Blend Fiber Mats 52:79 Electrospun Blend Fiber Mats of Polydioxanone and Anionic Sulfated Polysaccharides 52:133 Enhanced Differentiation of Human Preosteoblasts on Electrospun Blend Fiber Mats of Polydioxanone and Anionic Sulfated Polysaccharides. 29285521 2 19 theme nanofibers 637:646 arg1 surface 616:622 the surface 612:622 the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks 612:733 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. 29285521 2 20 dep 5 727:727 arg1 to 724:725 to 724:725 to 724:725 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. 29285521 4 21 theme pluripotent 899:909 arg1 cells 922:926 human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 885:926 human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 885:926 The electrospun blend fibers also supported human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies with high cell viability, which underlines the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications. 29285521 0 22 theme Sulfated 110:117 arg1 Polysaccharides 119:133 Polydioxanone and Anionic Sulfated Polysaccharides 84:133 Polydioxanone and Anionic Sulfated Polysaccharides 84:133 Enhanced Differentiation of Human Preosteoblasts on Electrospun Blend Fiber Mats of Polydioxanone and Anionic Sulfated Polysaccharides. 29285521 2 23 theme blend 631:635 arg1 stable 675:680 stable 675:680 stable 675:680 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. 29285521 2 23 theme blend 631:635 arg1 nanofibers 637:646 the blend nanofibers 627:646 the blend nanofibers 627:646 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. 29285521 1 24 from viability 140:148 arg1 mats 204:207 fiber mats 198:207 fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) 198:381 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 1 25 theme fiber 198:202 arg1 mats 204:207 fiber mats 198:207 fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) 198:381 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 4 26 theme embryoid 949:956 arg1 bodies 958:963 cell-derived embryoid bodies 936:963 cell-derived embryoid bodies 936:963 The electrospun blend fibers also supported human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies with high cell viability, which underlines the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications. 29285521 2 27 theme detailed 450:457 arg1 analysis 459:466 The detailed analysis 446:466 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties 446:500 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. 29285521 2 28 from solution 702:709 arg1 stable 675:680 stable 675:680 stable 675:680 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. 29285521 2 28 from solution 702:709 arg1 nanofibers 637:646 the blend nanofibers 627:646 the blend nanofibers 627:646 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. 29285521 0 29 theme Human 28:32 arg1 Preosteoblasts 34:47 Human Preosteoblasts 28:47 Human Preosteoblasts 28:47 Enhanced Differentiation of Human Preosteoblasts on Electrospun Blend Fiber Mats of Polydioxanone and Anionic Sulfated Polysaccharides. 29285521 4 30 theme stem 911:914 arg1 cells 922:926 human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 885:926 human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 885:926 The electrospun blend fibers also supported human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies with high cell viability, which underlines the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications. 29285521 1 31 theme blends 212:217 arg1 mats 204:207 fiber mats 198:207 fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) 198:381 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 2 32 from surface 616:622 arg1 enrichment 598:607 a different enrichment 586:607 a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks 586:733 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. 29285521 3 33 with differentiation 794:808 arg1 viability 830:838 very good cell viability 815:838 very good cell viability 815:838 The fibrous mats of PDX/FUC led to the highest osteogenic differentiation with very good cell viability. 29285521 2 34 from stable 675:680 arg1 solution 702:709 phosphate buffer solution 685:709 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) 685:715 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. 29285521 2 34 from stable 675:680 arg1 PBS 712:714 PBS 712:714 PBS 712:714 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. 29285521 4 35 theme tissue 1091:1096 arg1 applications 1110:1121 bone tissue engineering applications 1086:1121 bone tissue engineering applications 1086:1121 The electrospun blend fibers also supported human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies with high cell viability, which underlines the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications. 29285521 2 36 theme nanofiber 481:489 arg1 properties 491:500 the blend nanofiber properties 471:500 the blend nanofiber properties 471:500 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. 29285521 1 37 theme sulfate-containing 297:314 arg1 FUC 378:380 FUC 378:380 FUC 378:380 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 1 37 theme sulfate-containing 297:314 arg1 KCG 359:361 KCG 359:361 KCG 359:361 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 1 37 theme sulfate-containing 297:314 arg1 kappa-carrageenan 340:356 the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan 293:356 the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) 293:362 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 4 38 theme iPS 917:919 arg1 cells 922:926 human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 885:926 human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 885:926 The electrospun blend fibers also supported human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies with high cell viability, which underlines the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications. 29285521 4 39 theme bone 1086:1089 arg1 applications 1110:1121 bone tissue engineering applications 1086:1121 bone tissue engineering applications 1086:1121 The electrospun blend fibers also supported human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies with high cell viability, which underlines the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications. 29285521 0 40 theme Preosteoblasts 34:47 arg1 Differentiation 9:23 Differentiation 9:23 Differentiation of Human Preosteoblasts 9:47 Enhanced Differentiation of Human Preosteoblasts on Electrospun Blend Fiber Mats of Polydioxanone and Anionic Sulfated Polysaccharides. 29285521 1 41 theme anionic 316:322 arg1 FUC 378:380 FUC 378:380 FUC 378:380 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 1 41 theme anionic 316:322 arg1 KCG 359:361 KCG 359:361 KCG 359:361 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 1 41 theme anionic 316:322 arg1 kappa-carrageenan 340:356 the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan 293:356 the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) 293:362 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 2 42 theme blend 475:479 arg1 properties 491:500 the blend nanofiber properties 471:500 the blend nanofiber properties 471:500 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. 29285521 2 43 theme PDX 548:550 arg1 miscibility 533:543 miscibility 533:543 miscibility of PDX 533:550 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. 29285521 4 44 from performance 1071:1081 arg1 applications 1110:1121 bone tissue engineering applications 1086:1121 bone tissue engineering applications 1086:1121 The electrospun blend fibers also supported human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies with high cell viability, which underlines the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications. 29285521 0 45 theme Blend 64:68 arg1 Mats 76:79 Electrospun Blend Fiber Mats 52:79 Electrospun Blend Fiber Mats of Polydioxanone and Anionic Sulfated Polysaccharides 52:133 Enhanced Differentiation of Human Preosteoblasts on Electrospun Blend Fiber Mats of Polydioxanone and Anionic Sulfated Polysaccharides. 29285521 1 46 theme polysaccharides 324:338 arg1 FUC 378:380 FUC 378:380 FUC 378:380 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 1 46 theme polysaccharides 324:338 arg1 KCG 359:361 KCG 359:361 KCG 359:361 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 1 46 theme polysaccharides 324:338 arg1 kappa-carrageenan 340:356 the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan 293:356 the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) 293:362 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 2 47 theme different 588:596 arg1 enrichment 598:607 a different enrichment 586:607 a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks 586:733 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. 29285521 4 48 theme engineering 1098:1108 arg1 applications 1110:1121 bone tissue engineering applications 1086:1121 bone tissue engineering applications 1086:1121 The electrospun blend fibers also supported human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies with high cell viability, which underlines the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications. 29285521 4 49 theme systems 1049:1055 arg1 potential 1012:1020 the potential 1008:1020 the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications 1008:1121 The electrospun blend fibers also supported human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies with high cell viability, which underlines the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications. 29285521 0 50 theme Electrospun 52:62 arg1 Mats 76:79 Electrospun Blend Fiber Mats 52:79 Electrospun Blend Fiber Mats of Polydioxanone and Anionic Sulfated Polysaccharides 52:133 Enhanced Differentiation of Human Preosteoblasts on Electrospun Blend Fiber Mats of Polydioxanone and Anionic Sulfated Polysaccharides. 29285521 4 51 theme cell-derived 936:947 arg1 bodies 958:963 cell-derived embryoid bodies 936:963 cell-derived embryoid bodies 936:963 The electrospun blend fibers also supported human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies with high cell viability, which underlines the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications. 29285521 2 52 theme buffer 695:700 arg1 solution 702:709 phosphate buffer solution 685:709 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) 685:715 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. 29285521 2 52 theme buffer 695:700 arg1 PBS 712:714 PBS 712:714 PBS 712:714 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. 29285521 3 53 theme cell 825:828 arg1 viability 830:838 very good cell viability 815:838 very good cell viability 815:838 The fibrous mats of PDX/FUC led to the highest osteogenic differentiation with very good cell viability. 29285521 3 54 theme fibrous 740:746 arg1 mats 748:751 The fibrous mats 736:751 The fibrous mats of PDX/FUC 736:762 The fibrous mats of PDX/FUC led to the highest osteogenic differentiation with very good cell viability. 29285521 4 55 theme human-induced 885:897 arg1 cells 922:926 human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 885:926 human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells 885:926 The electrospun blend fibers also supported human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies with high cell viability, which underlines the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications. 29285521 1 56 theme different 416:424 arg1 compositions 432:443 different blend compositions 416:443 different blend compositions 416:443 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 2 57 theme phosphate 685:693 arg1 solution 702:709 phosphate buffer solution 685:709 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) 685:715 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. 29285521 2 57 theme phosphate 685:693 arg1 PBS 712:714 PBS 712:714 PBS 712:714 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. 29285521 4 58 theme fiber 1043:1047 arg1 systems 1049:1055 these novel blend fiber systems 1025:1055 these novel blend fiber systems 1025:1055 The electrospun blend fibers also supported human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies with high cell viability, which underlines the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications. 29285521 1 59 theme biodegradable 237:249 arg1 ester-ether 256:266 ester-ether 256:266 ester-ether 256:266 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 1 59 theme biodegradable 237:249 arg1 poly 251:254 the biodegradable poly 233:254 the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) 233:287 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 4 60 theme cell 975:978 arg1 viability 980:988 high cell viability 970:988 high cell viability 970:988 The electrospun blend fibers also supported human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies with high cell viability, which underlines the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications. 29285521 1 61 theme blend 426:430 arg1 compositions 432:443 different blend compositions 416:443 different blend compositions 416:443 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 1 62 from mats 204:207 arg1 viability 140:148 viability 140:148 viability 140:148 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 1 62 from mats 204:207 arg1 differentiation 154:168 differentiation 154:168 differentiation 154:168 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 4 63 theme optimized 1061:1069 arg1 performance 1071:1081 optimized performance 1061:1081 optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications 1061:1121 The electrospun blend fibers also supported human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies with high cell viability, which underlines the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications. 29285521 1 64 theme poly 251:254 arg1 polydioxanone 269:281 the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone 233:281 the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) 233:287 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 1 64 theme poly 251:254 arg1 PDX 284:286 PDX 284:286 PDX 284:286 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 2 65 theme different 513:521 arg1 degree 523:528 a different degree 511:528 a different degree of miscibility of PDX 511:550 The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. 29285521 1 66 theme compositions 432:443 arg1 range 407:411 a range 405:411 a range of different blend compositions 405:443 The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. 29285521 3 67 theme good 820:823 arg1 viability 830:838 very good cell viability 815:838 very good cell viability 815:838 The fibrous mats of PDX/FUC led to the highest osteogenic differentiation with very good cell viability. 29285521 3 68 theme PDX/FUC 756:762 arg1 mats 748:751 The fibrous mats 736:751 The fibrous mats of PDX/FUC 736:762 The fibrous mats of PDX/FUC led to the highest osteogenic differentiation with very good cell viability. 29285521 0 69 theme Fiber 70:74 arg1 Mats 76:79 Electrospun Blend Fiber Mats 52:79 Electrospun Blend Fiber Mats of Polydioxanone and Anionic Sulfated Polysaccharides 52:133 Enhanced Differentiation of Human Preosteoblasts on Electrospun Blend Fiber Mats of Polydioxanone and Anionic Sulfated Polysaccharides. 26101546 6 0 theme liquid 1154:1159 arg1 fraction 1161:1168 liquid fraction 1154:1168 liquid fraction 1154:1168 RESULTS After hydrothermal pretreatment of rice straw, the NF concentrate of the supernatant of liquid fraction was hydrolyzed by hemicellulase and the resulting black precipitate was recovered. 26101546 1 1 from accessibility 328:340 arg1 process 380:386 bioethanol production process 358:386 bioethanol production process 358:386 BACKGROUND Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw can dissolve part of the lignin and hemicellulose into a liquid fraction, thus facilitating enzyme accessibility to cellulose in bioethanol production process. 26101546 10 2 theme lignin 1760:1765 arg1 content 1767:1773 high lignin content 1755:1773 high lignin content 1755:1773 CONCLUSION A precipitate with high lignin content was obtained from supernatants of the liquid fraction. 26101546 9 3 theme supernatant 1693:1703 arg1 concentrate 1678:1688 the NF concentrate 1671:1688 the NF concentrate of supernatant of liquid fraction 1671:1722 Lignin in the black precipitate included 52.9 % of the acid-insoluble lignin and 19.4 % of the soluble lignin in the NF concentrate of supernatant of liquid fraction. 26101546 7 4 theme spectra 1301:1307 arg1 intensity 1284:1292 the intensity 1280:1292 the intensity of NMR spectra related to lignin aromatic regions 1280:1342 In this black precipitate, the intensity of NMR spectra related to lignin aromatic regions increased and those related to polysaccharides decreased, compared to rice straw, the solid fraction after hydrothermal pretreatment, and the NF concentrate. 26101546 9 5 theme liquid 1708:1713 arg1 fraction 1715:1722 liquid fraction 1708:1722 liquid fraction 1708:1722 Lignin in the black precipitate included 52.9 % of the acid-insoluble lignin and 19.4 % of the soluble lignin in the NF concentrate of supernatant of liquid fraction. 26101546 7 6 theme NF 1486:1487 arg1 concentrate 1489:1499 the NF concentrate 1482:1499 the NF concentrate 1482:1499 In this black precipitate, the intensity of NMR spectra related to lignin aromatic regions increased and those related to polysaccharides decreased, compared to rice straw, the solid fraction after hydrothermal pretreatment, and the NF concentrate. 26101546 6 7 theme resulting 1210:1218 arg1 precipitate 1226:1236 the resulting black precipitate 1206:1236 the resulting black precipitate 1206:1236 RESULTS After hydrothermal pretreatment of rice straw, the NF concentrate of the supernatant of liquid fraction was hydrolyzed by hemicellulase and the resulting black precipitate was recovered. 26101546 10 8 theme liquid 1813:1818 arg1 fraction 1820:1827 the liquid fraction 1809:1827 the liquid fraction 1809:1827 CONCLUSION A precipitate with high lignin content was obtained from supernatants of the liquid fraction. 26101546 1 9 theme rice 218:221 arg1 straw 223:227 rice straw 218:227 rice straw 218:227 BACKGROUND Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw can dissolve part of the lignin and hemicellulose into a liquid fraction, thus facilitating enzyme accessibility to cellulose in bioethanol production process. 26101546 8 10 theme lignin 1506:1511 arg1 % 1555:1555 65.8 % 1550:1555 65.8 % 1550:1555 The lignin content of the black precipitate was 65.8 %. 26101546 8 10 theme lignin 1506:1511 arg1 content 1513:1519 The lignin content 1502:1519 The lignin content of the black precipitate 1502:1544 The lignin content of the black precipitate was 65.8 %. 26101546 0 11 theme lignin 130:135 arg1 content 137:143 high lignin content 125:143 high lignin content 125:143 Precipitate obtained following membrane separation of hydrothermally pretreated rice straw liquid revealed by 2D NMR to have high lignin content. 26101546 11 12 theme lignin 1876:1881 arg1 precipitation 1859:1871 precipitation 1859:1871 precipitation of lignin 1859:1881 These results suggested that precipitation of lignin was enhanced from concentrated mixtures of lignin and hemicellulosic polysaccharides by hydrolyzing the polysaccharides. 26101546 12 13 theme lignin 2046:2051 arg1 recovery 2053:2060 lignin recovery 2046:2060 lignin recovery from lignocellulosic biomass 2046:2089 Precipitation of lignin can contribute to lignin recovery from lignocellulosic biomass and, at the same time, allow more efficient ethanol production in the subsequent fermentation process. 26101546 7 14 theme solid 1430:1434 arg1 fraction 1436:1443 the solid fraction 1426:1443 the solid fraction after hydrothermal pretreatment 1426:1475 In this black precipitate, the intensity of NMR spectra related to lignin aromatic regions increased and those related to polysaccharides decreased, compared to rice straw, the solid fraction after hydrothermal pretreatment, and the NF concentrate. 26101546 4 15 theme membrane 751:758 arg1 separation 760:769 membrane separation 751:769 membrane separation with nanofiltration (NF) and enzymatic hydrolysis by hemicellulase 751:836 Therefore, the following processes were applied: membrane separation with nanofiltration (NF) and enzymatic hydrolysis by hemicellulase. 26101546 8 16 theme black 1528:1532 arg1 precipitate 1534:1544 the black precipitate 1524:1544 the black precipitate 1524:1544 The lignin content of the black precipitate was 65.8 %. 26101546 12 17 theme fermentation 2172:2183 arg1 process 2185:2191 the subsequent fermentation process 2157:2191 the subsequent fermentation process 2157:2191 Precipitation of lignin can contribute to lignin recovery from lignocellulosic biomass and, at the same time, allow more efficient ethanol production in the subsequent fermentation process. 26101546 3 18 theme separate 644:651 arg1 lignin 653:658 separate lignin 644:658 separate lignin 644:658 To recover lignin with high content from the liquid fraction, it is necessary to separate lignin and hemicellulose-derived polysaccharide. 26101546 12 19 from production 2143:2152 arg1 process 2185:2191 the subsequent fermentation process 2157:2191 the subsequent fermentation process 2157:2191 Precipitation of lignin can contribute to lignin recovery from lignocellulosic biomass and, at the same time, allow more efficient ethanol production in the subsequent fermentation process. 26101546 5 20 theme NMR 989:991 arg1 method 993:998 a solution NMR method 978:998 a solution NMR method 978:998 To clarify lignin-concentrated fraction obtained during these processes, the fates of lignin and polysaccharide components were pursued by a solution NMR method and confirmed by compositional analysis of each fraction. 26101546 7 21 theme rice 1414:1417 arg1 straw 1419:1423 rice straw 1414:1423 rice straw 1414:1423 In this black precipitate, the intensity of NMR spectra related to lignin aromatic regions increased and those related to polysaccharides decreased, compared to rice straw, the solid fraction after hydrothermal pretreatment, and the NF concentrate. 26101546 12 22 theme efficient 2125:2133 arg1 production 2143:2152 more efficient ethanol production 2120:2152 more efficient ethanol production in the subsequent fermentation process 2120:2191 Precipitation of lignin can contribute to lignin recovery from lignocellulosic biomass and, at the same time, allow more efficient ethanol production in the subsequent fermentation process. 26101546 7 23 theme NMR 1297:1299 arg1 spectra 1301:1307 NMR spectra 1297:1307 NMR spectra related to lignin aromatic regions 1297:1342 In this black precipitate, the intensity of NMR spectra related to lignin aromatic regions increased and those related to polysaccharides decreased, compared to rice straw, the solid fraction after hydrothermal pretreatment, and the NF concentrate. 26101546 9 24 theme black 1572:1576 arg1 precipitate 1578:1588 the black precipitate 1568:1588 the black precipitate 1568:1588 Lignin in the black precipitate included 52.9 % of the acid-insoluble lignin and 19.4 % of the soluble lignin in the NF concentrate of supernatant of liquid fraction. 26101546 6 25 theme hydrothermal 1072:1083 arg1 pretreatment 1085:1096 hydrothermal pretreatment 1072:1096 hydrothermal pretreatment of rice straw 1072:1110 RESULTS After hydrothermal pretreatment of rice straw, the NF concentrate of the supernatant of liquid fraction was hydrolyzed by hemicellulase and the resulting black precipitate was recovered. 26101546 0 26 theme liquid 91:96 arg1 straw 85:89 hydrothermally pretreated rice straw liquid 54:96 hydrothermally pretreated rice straw liquid revealed by 2D NMR to have high lignin content 54:143 Precipitate obtained following membrane separation of hydrothermally pretreated rice straw liquid revealed by 2D NMR to have high lignin content. 26101546 12 27 from biomass 2083:2089 arg1 recovery 2053:2060 lignin recovery 2046:2060 lignin recovery from lignocellulosic biomass 2046:2089 Precipitation of lignin can contribute to lignin recovery from lignocellulosic biomass and, at the same time, allow more efficient ethanol production in the subsequent fermentation process. 26101546 6 28 dep RESULTS 1058:1064 arg1 recovered 1242:1250 recovered 1242:1250 was recovered 1238:1250 RESULTS After hydrothermal pretreatment of rice straw, the NF concentrate of the supernatant of liquid fraction was hydrolyzed by hemicellulase and the resulting black precipitate was recovered. 26101546 6 28 dep RESULTS 1058:1064 arg1 hydrolyzed 1174:1183 hydrolyzed 1174:1183 was hydrolyzed by hemicellulase 1170:1200 RESULTS After hydrothermal pretreatment of rice straw, the NF concentrate of the supernatant of liquid fraction was hydrolyzed by hemicellulase and the resulting black precipitate was recovered. 26101546 12 29 dep contribute 2032:2041 arg1 allow 2114:2118 allow 2114:2118 allow more efficient ethanol production in the subsequent fermentation process 2114:2191 Precipitation of lignin can contribute to lignin recovery from lignocellulosic biomass and, at the same time, allow more efficient ethanol production in the subsequent fermentation process. 26101546 4 30 theme enzymatic 800:808 arg1 hydrolysis 810:819 enzymatic hydrolysis 800:819 enzymatic hydrolysis 800:819 Therefore, the following processes were applied: membrane separation with nanofiltration (NF) and enzymatic hydrolysis by hemicellulase. 26101546 1 31 theme production 369:378 arg1 process 380:386 bioethanol production process 358:386 bioethanol production process 358:386 BACKGROUND Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw can dissolve part of the lignin and hemicellulose into a liquid fraction, thus facilitating enzyme accessibility to cellulose in bioethanol production process. 26101546 2 32 theme fermentation 538:549 arg1 inhibitors 551:560 fermentation inhibitors 538:560 fermentation inhibitors 538:560 Lignin is awaited to be recovered after hydrothermal pretreatment for utilization as value-added chemical, and lignin recovery also means removal of fermentation inhibitors. 26101546 7 33 theme black 1261:1265 arg1 precipitate 1267:1277 this black precipitate 1256:1277 this black precipitate 1256:1277 In this black precipitate, the intensity of NMR spectra related to lignin aromatic regions increased and those related to polysaccharides decreased, compared to rice straw, the solid fraction after hydrothermal pretreatment, and the NF concentrate. 26101546 9 34 theme lignin 1628:1633 arg1 lignin 1628:1633 the acid-insoluble lignin 1609:1633 the acid-insoluble lignin 1609:1633 Lignin in the black precipitate included 52.9 % of the acid-insoluble lignin and 19.4 % of the soluble lignin in the NF concentrate of supernatant of liquid fraction. 26101546 9 34 theme lignin 1628:1633 arg1 % 1644:1644 19.4 % 1639:1644 19.4 % of the soluble lignin 1639:1666 Lignin in the black precipitate included 52.9 % of the acid-insoluble lignin and 19.4 % of the soluble lignin in the NF concentrate of supernatant of liquid fraction. 26101546 9 34 theme lignin 1628:1633 arg1 % 1604:1604 52.9 % 1599:1604 52.9 % of the acid-insoluble lignin 1599:1633 Lignin in the black precipitate included 52.9 % of the acid-insoluble lignin and 19.4 % of the soluble lignin in the NF concentrate of supernatant of liquid fraction. 26101546 9 34 theme lignin 1628:1633 arg1 lignin 1661:1666 the soluble lignin 1649:1666 the soluble lignin 1649:1666 Lignin in the black precipitate included 52.9 % of the acid-insoluble lignin and 19.4 % of the soluble lignin in the NF concentrate of supernatant of liquid fraction. 26101546 10 35 theme CONCLUSION 1725:1734 arg1 precipitate 1738:1748 CONCLUSION A precipitate 1725:1748 CONCLUSION A precipitate with high lignin content 1725:1773 CONCLUSION A precipitate with high lignin content was obtained from supernatants of the liquid fraction. 26101546 10 36 with precipitate 1738:1748 arg1 content 1767:1773 high lignin content 1755:1773 high lignin content 1755:1773 CONCLUSION A precipitate with high lignin content was obtained from supernatants of the liquid fraction. 26101546 2 37 theme lignin 500:505 arg1 recovery 507:514 lignin recovery 500:514 lignin recovery 500:514 Lignin is awaited to be recovered after hydrothermal pretreatment for utilization as value-added chemical, and lignin recovery also means removal of fermentation inhibitors. 26101546 6 38 theme straw 1106:1110 arg1 pretreatment 1085:1096 hydrothermal pretreatment 1072:1096 hydrothermal pretreatment of rice straw 1072:1110 RESULTS After hydrothermal pretreatment of rice straw, the NF concentrate of the supernatant of liquid fraction was hydrolyzed by hemicellulase and the resulting black precipitate was recovered. 26101546 0 39 theme rice 80:83 arg1 straw 85:89 hydrothermally pretreated rice straw liquid 54:96 hydrothermally pretreated rice straw liquid revealed by 2D NMR to have high lignin content 54:143 Precipitate obtained following membrane separation of hydrothermally pretreated rice straw liquid revealed by 2D NMR to have high lignin content. 26101546 10 40 theme high 1755:1758 arg1 content 1767:1773 high lignin content 1755:1773 high lignin content 1755:1773 CONCLUSION A precipitate with high lignin content was obtained from supernatants of the liquid fraction. 26101546 1 41 theme enzyme 321:326 arg1 accessibility 328:340 enzyme accessibility 321:340 enzyme accessibility to cellulose in bioethanol production process 321:386 BACKGROUND Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw can dissolve part of the lignin and hemicellulose into a liquid fraction, thus facilitating enzyme accessibility to cellulose in bioethanol production process. 26101546 9 42 theme soluble 1653:1659 arg1 lignin 1661:1666 the soluble lignin 1649:1666 the soluble lignin 1649:1666 Lignin in the black precipitate included 52.9 % of the acid-insoluble lignin and 19.4 % of the soluble lignin in the NF concentrate of supernatant of liquid fraction. 26101546 5 43 theme components 951:960 arg1 fates 916:920 the fates 912:920 the fates of lignin and polysaccharide components 912:960 To clarify lignin-concentrated fraction obtained during these processes, the fates of lignin and polysaccharide components were pursued by a solution NMR method and confirmed by compositional analysis of each fraction. 26101546 11 44 theme hemicellulosic 1937:1950 arg1 polysaccharides 1952:1966 hemicellulosic polysaccharides 1937:1966 hemicellulosic polysaccharides 1937:1966 These results suggested that precipitation of lignin was enhanced from concentrated mixtures of lignin and hemicellulosic polysaccharides by hydrolyzing the polysaccharides. 26101546 0 45 theme pretreated 69:78 arg1 straw 85:89 hydrothermally pretreated rice straw liquid 54:96 hydrothermally pretreated rice straw liquid revealed by 2D NMR to have high lignin content 54:143 Precipitate obtained following membrane separation of hydrothermally pretreated rice straw liquid revealed by 2D NMR to have high lignin content. 26101546 9 46 theme NF 1675:1676 arg1 concentrate 1678:1688 the NF concentrate 1671:1688 the NF concentrate of supernatant of liquid fraction 1671:1722 Lignin in the black precipitate included 52.9 % of the acid-insoluble lignin and 19.4 % of the soluble lignin in the NF concentrate of supernatant of liquid fraction. 26101546 6 47 theme fraction 1161:1168 arg1 supernatant 1139:1149 the supernatant 1135:1149 the supernatant of liquid fraction 1135:1168 RESULTS After hydrothermal pretreatment of rice straw, the NF concentrate of the supernatant of liquid fraction was hydrolyzed by hemicellulase and the resulting black precipitate was recovered. 26101546 4 48 with separation 760:769 arg1 NF 792:793 NF 792:793 NF 792:793 Therefore, the following processes were applied: membrane separation with nanofiltration (NF) and enzymatic hydrolysis by hemicellulase. 26101546 4 48 with separation 760:769 arg1 nanofiltration 776:789 nanofiltration 776:789 nanofiltration (NF) 776:794 Therefore, the following processes were applied: membrane separation with nanofiltration (NF) and enzymatic hydrolysis by hemicellulase. 26101546 4 48 with separation 760:769 arg1 hydrolysis 810:819 enzymatic hydrolysis 800:819 enzymatic hydrolysis 800:819 Therefore, the following processes were applied: membrane separation with nanofiltration (NF) and enzymatic hydrolysis by hemicellulase. 26101546 11 49 theme lignin 1926:1931 arg1 mixtures 1914:1921 concentrated mixtures 1901:1921 concentrated mixtures of lignin and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 1901:1966 These results suggested that precipitation of lignin was enhanced from concentrated mixtures of lignin and hemicellulosic polysaccharides by hydrolyzing the polysaccharides. 26101546 1 50 theme lignin 254:259 arg1 part 242:245 part 242:245 part of the lignin and hemicellulose 242:277 BACKGROUND Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw can dissolve part of the lignin and hemicellulose into a liquid fraction, thus facilitating enzyme accessibility to cellulose in bioethanol production process. 26101546 7 51 theme related 1309:1315 arg1 spectra 1301:1307 NMR spectra 1297:1307 NMR spectra related to lignin aromatic regions 1297:1342 In this black precipitate, the intensity of NMR spectra related to lignin aromatic regions increased and those related to polysaccharides decreased, compared to rice straw, the solid fraction after hydrothermal pretreatment, and the NF concentrate. 26101546 3 52 link hemicellulose-derived 664:684 arg1 polysaccharide 686:699 hemicellulose-derived polysaccharide 664:699 hemicellulose-derived polysaccharide 664:699 To recover lignin with high content from the liquid fraction, it is necessary to separate lignin and hemicellulose-derived polysaccharide. 26101546 1 53 theme hemicellulose 265:277 arg1 part 242:245 part 242:245 part of the lignin and hemicellulose 242:277 BACKGROUND Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw can dissolve part of the lignin and hemicellulose into a liquid fraction, thus facilitating enzyme accessibility to cellulose in bioethanol production process. 26101546 1 54 theme biomass 202:208 arg1 pretreatment 170:181 BACKGROUND Hydrothermal pretreatment 146:181 BACKGROUND Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw 146:227 BACKGROUND Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw can dissolve part of the lignin and hemicellulose into a liquid fraction, thus facilitating enzyme accessibility to cellulose in bioethanol production process. 26101546 9 55 theme fraction 1715:1722 arg1 supernatant 1693:1703 supernatant 1693:1703 supernatant of liquid fraction 1693:1722 Lignin in the black precipitate included 52.9 % of the acid-insoluble lignin and 19.4 % of the soluble lignin in the NF concentrate of supernatant of liquid fraction. 26101546 9 56 from Lignin 1558:1563 arg1 precipitate 1578:1588 the black precipitate 1568:1588 the black precipitate 1568:1588 Lignin in the black precipitate included 52.9 % of the acid-insoluble lignin and 19.4 % of the soluble lignin in the NF concentrate of supernatant of liquid fraction. 26101546 5 57 theme lignin 925:930 arg1 fates 916:920 the fates 912:920 the fates of lignin and polysaccharide components 912:960 To clarify lignin-concentrated fraction obtained during these processes, the fates of lignin and polysaccharide components were pursued by a solution NMR method and confirmed by compositional analysis of each fraction. 26101546 6 58 theme black 1220:1224 arg1 precipitate 1226:1236 the resulting black precipitate 1206:1236 the resulting black precipitate 1206:1236 RESULTS After hydrothermal pretreatment of rice straw, the NF concentrate of the supernatant of liquid fraction was hydrolyzed by hemicellulase and the resulting black precipitate was recovered. 26101546 0 59 theme high 125:128 arg1 content 137:143 high lignin content 125:143 high lignin content 125:143 Precipitate obtained following membrane separation of hydrothermally pretreated rice straw liquid revealed by 2D NMR to have high lignin content. 26101546 3 60 theme high 586:589 arg1 content 591:597 high content 586:597 high content 586:597 To recover lignin with high content from the liquid fraction, it is necessary to separate lignin and hemicellulose-derived polysaccharide. 26101546 12 61 theme lignocellulosic 2067:2081 arg1 biomass 2083:2089 lignocellulosic biomass 2067:2089 lignocellulosic biomass 2067:2089 Precipitation of lignin can contribute to lignin recovery from lignocellulosic biomass and, at the same time, allow more efficient ethanol production in the subsequent fermentation process. 26101546 7 62 theme hydrothermal 1451:1462 arg1 pretreatment 1464:1475 hydrothermal pretreatment 1451:1475 hydrothermal pretreatment 1451:1475 In this black precipitate, the intensity of NMR spectra related to lignin aromatic regions increased and those related to polysaccharides decreased, compared to rice straw, the solid fraction after hydrothermal pretreatment, and the NF concentrate. 26101546 3 63 theme liquid 608:613 arg1 fraction 615:622 the liquid fraction 604:622 the liquid fraction 604:622 To recover lignin with high content from the liquid fraction, it is necessary to separate lignin and hemicellulose-derived polysaccharide. 26101546 8 64 theme precipitate 1534:1544 arg1 % 1555:1555 65.8 % 1550:1555 65.8 % 1550:1555 The lignin content of the black precipitate was 65.8 %. 26101546 8 64 theme precipitate 1534:1544 arg1 content 1513:1519 The lignin content 1502:1519 The lignin content of the black precipitate 1502:1544 The lignin content of the black precipitate was 65.8 %. 26101546 7 65 theme lignin 1320:1325 arg1 regions 1336:1342 lignin aromatic regions 1320:1342 lignin aromatic regions 1320:1342 In this black precipitate, the intensity of NMR spectra related to lignin aromatic regions increased and those related to polysaccharides decreased, compared to rice straw, the solid fraction after hydrothermal pretreatment, and the NF concentrate. 26101546 5 66 theme fraction 1048:1055 arg1 analysis 1031:1038 compositional analysis 1017:1038 compositional analysis of each fraction 1017:1055 To clarify lignin-concentrated fraction obtained during these processes, the fates of lignin and polysaccharide components were pursued by a solution NMR method and confirmed by compositional analysis of each fraction. 26101546 5 67 theme solution 980:987 arg1 method 993:998 a solution NMR method 978:998 a solution NMR method 978:998 To clarify lignin-concentrated fraction obtained during these processes, the fates of lignin and polysaccharide components were pursued by a solution NMR method and confirmed by compositional analysis of each fraction. 26101546 10 68 theme fraction 1820:1827 arg1 supernatants 1793:1804 supernatants 1793:1804 supernatants of the liquid fraction 1793:1827 CONCLUSION A precipitate with high lignin content was obtained from supernatants of the liquid fraction. 26101546 6 69 theme rice 1101:1104 arg1 straw 1106:1110 rice straw 1101:1110 rice straw 1101:1110 RESULTS After hydrothermal pretreatment of rice straw, the NF concentrate of the supernatant of liquid fraction was hydrolyzed by hemicellulase and the resulting black precipitate was recovered. 26101546 1 70 dep lignin 254:259 arg1 the 250:252 the 250:252 the 250:252 BACKGROUND Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw can dissolve part of the lignin and hemicellulose into a liquid fraction, thus facilitating enzyme accessibility to cellulose in bioethanol production process. 26101546 12 71 theme subsequent 2161:2170 arg1 process 2185:2191 the subsequent fermentation process 2157:2191 the subsequent fermentation process 2157:2191 Precipitation of lignin can contribute to lignin recovery from lignocellulosic biomass and, at the same time, allow more efficient ethanol production in the subsequent fermentation process. 26101546 0 72 theme straw 85:89 arg1 separation 40:49 membrane separation 31:49 membrane separation of hydrothermally pretreated rice straw liquid revealed by 2D NMR to have high lignin content 31:143 Precipitate obtained following membrane separation of hydrothermally pretreated rice straw liquid revealed by 2D NMR to have high lignin content. 26101546 5 73 theme polysaccharide 936:949 arg1 components 951:960 polysaccharide components 936:960 polysaccharide components 936:960 To clarify lignin-concentrated fraction obtained during these processes, the fates of lignin and polysaccharide components were pursued by a solution NMR method and confirmed by compositional analysis of each fraction. 26101546 4 74 theme following 717:725 arg1 processes 727:735 the following processes 713:735 the following processes 713:735 Therefore, the following processes were applied: membrane separation with nanofiltration (NF) and enzymatic hydrolysis by hemicellulase. 26101546 1 75 theme Hydrothermal 157:168 arg1 pretreatment 170:181 BACKGROUND Hydrothermal pretreatment 146:181 BACKGROUND Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw 146:227 BACKGROUND Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw can dissolve part of the lignin and hemicellulose into a liquid fraction, thus facilitating enzyme accessibility to cellulose in bioethanol production process. 26101546 12 76 theme ethanol 2135:2141 arg1 production 2143:2152 more efficient ethanol production 2120:2152 more efficient ethanol production in the subsequent fermentation process 2120:2191 Precipitation of lignin can contribute to lignin recovery from lignocellulosic biomass and, at the same time, allow more efficient ethanol production in the subsequent fermentation process. 26101546 1 77 theme bioethanol 358:367 arg1 process 380:386 bioethanol production process 358:386 bioethanol production process 358:386 BACKGROUND Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw can dissolve part of the lignin and hemicellulose into a liquid fraction, thus facilitating enzyme accessibility to cellulose in bioethanol production process. 26101546 12 78 theme lignin 2021:2026 arg1 Precipitation 2004:2016 Precipitation 2004:2016 Precipitation of lignin 2004:2026 Precipitation of lignin can contribute to lignin recovery from lignocellulosic biomass and, at the same time, allow more efficient ethanol production in the subsequent fermentation process. 26101546 5 79 theme compositional 1017:1029 arg1 analysis 1031:1038 compositional analysis 1017:1038 compositional analysis of each fraction 1017:1055 To clarify lignin-concentrated fraction obtained during these processes, the fates of lignin and polysaccharide components were pursued by a solution NMR method and confirmed by compositional analysis of each fraction. 26101546 2 80 theme inhibitors 551:560 arg1 removal 527:533 removal 527:533 removal of fermentation inhibitors 527:560 Lignin is awaited to be recovered after hydrothermal pretreatment for utilization as value-added chemical, and lignin recovery also means removal of fermentation inhibitors. 26101546 10 81 theme A 1736:1736 arg1 precipitate 1738:1748 CONCLUSION A precipitate 1725:1748 CONCLUSION A precipitate with high lignin content 1725:1773 CONCLUSION A precipitate with high lignin content was obtained from supernatants of the liquid fraction. 26101546 6 82 theme supernatant 1139:1149 arg1 concentrate 1120:1130 the NF concentrate 1113:1130 the NF concentrate of the supernatant of liquid fraction 1113:1168 RESULTS After hydrothermal pretreatment of rice straw, the NF concentrate of the supernatant of liquid fraction was hydrolyzed by hemicellulase and the resulting black precipitate was recovered. 26101546 5 83 theme lignin-concentrated 850:868 arg1 fraction 870:877 lignin-concentrated fraction 850:877 lignin-concentrated fraction obtained during these processes 850:909 To clarify lignin-concentrated fraction obtained during these processes, the fates of lignin and polysaccharide components were pursued by a solution NMR method and confirmed by compositional analysis of each fraction. 26101546 9 84 theme acid-insoluble 1613:1626 arg1 lignin 1628:1633 the acid-insoluble lignin 1609:1633 the acid-insoluble lignin 1609:1633 Lignin in the black precipitate included 52.9 % of the acid-insoluble lignin and 19.4 % of the soluble lignin in the NF concentrate of supernatant of liquid fraction. 26101546 0 85 theme membrane 31:38 arg1 separation 40:49 membrane separation 31:49 membrane separation of hydrothermally pretreated rice straw liquid revealed by 2D NMR to have high lignin content 31:143 Precipitate obtained following membrane separation of hydrothermally pretreated rice straw liquid revealed by 2D NMR to have high lignin content. 26101546 1 86 theme liquid 286:291 arg1 fraction 293:300 a liquid fraction 284:300 a liquid fraction 284:300 BACKGROUND Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw can dissolve part of the lignin and hemicellulose into a liquid fraction, thus facilitating enzyme accessibility to cellulose in bioethanol production process. 26101546 6 87 theme NF 1117:1118 arg1 concentrate 1120:1130 the NF concentrate 1113:1130 the NF concentrate of the supernatant of liquid fraction 1113:1168 RESULTS After hydrothermal pretreatment of rice straw, the NF concentrate of the supernatant of liquid fraction was hydrolyzed by hemicellulase and the resulting black precipitate was recovered. 26101546 3 88 theme hemicellulose-derived 664:684 arg1 polysaccharide 686:699 hemicellulose-derived polysaccharide 664:699 hemicellulose-derived polysaccharide 664:699 To recover lignin with high content from the liquid fraction, it is necessary to separate lignin and hemicellulose-derived polysaccharide. 26101546 2 89 theme hydrothermal 429:440 arg1 pretreatment 442:453 hydrothermal pretreatment 429:453 hydrothermal pretreatment for utilization as value-added chemical 429:493 Lignin is awaited to be recovered after hydrothermal pretreatment for utilization as value-added chemical, and lignin recovery also means removal of fermentation inhibitors. 26101546 7 90 dep decreased 1391:1399 arg1 compared 1402:1409 compared 1402:1409 compared to rice straw, the solid fraction after hydrothermal pretreatment, and the NF concentrate 1402:1499 In this black precipitate, the intensity of NMR spectra related to lignin aromatic regions increased and those related to polysaccharides decreased, compared to rice straw, the solid fraction after hydrothermal pretreatment, and the NF concentrate. 26101546 3 91 with lignin 574:579 arg1 content 591:597 high content 586:597 high content 586:597 To recover lignin with high content from the liquid fraction, it is necessary to separate lignin and hemicellulose-derived polysaccharide. 26101546 12 92 theme same 2103:2106 arg1 time 2108:2111 the same time 2099:2111 the same time 2099:2111 Precipitation of lignin can contribute to lignin recovery from lignocellulosic biomass and, at the same time, allow more efficient ethanol production in the subsequent fermentation process. 26101546 1 93 theme BACKGROUND 146:155 arg1 pretreatment 170:181 BACKGROUND Hydrothermal pretreatment 146:181 BACKGROUND Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw 146:227 BACKGROUND Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw can dissolve part of the lignin and hemicellulose into a liquid fraction, thus facilitating enzyme accessibility to cellulose in bioethanol production process. 26101546 9 94 theme lignin 1661:1666 arg1 lignin 1628:1633 the acid-insoluble lignin 1609:1633 the acid-insoluble lignin 1609:1633 Lignin in the black precipitate included 52.9 % of the acid-insoluble lignin and 19.4 % of the soluble lignin in the NF concentrate of supernatant of liquid fraction. 26101546 9 94 theme lignin 1661:1666 arg1 % 1644:1644 19.4 % 1639:1644 19.4 % of the soluble lignin 1639:1666 Lignin in the black precipitate included 52.9 % of the acid-insoluble lignin and 19.4 % of the soluble lignin in the NF concentrate of supernatant of liquid fraction. 26101546 9 94 theme lignin 1661:1666 arg1 % 1604:1604 52.9 % 1599:1604 52.9 % of the acid-insoluble lignin 1599:1633 Lignin in the black precipitate included 52.9 % of the acid-insoluble lignin and 19.4 % of the soluble lignin in the NF concentrate of supernatant of liquid fraction. 26101546 9 94 theme lignin 1661:1666 arg1 lignin 1661:1666 the soluble lignin 1649:1666 the soluble lignin 1649:1666 Lignin in the black precipitate included 52.9 % of the acid-insoluble lignin and 19.4 % of the soluble lignin in the NF concentrate of supernatant of liquid fraction. 26101546 7 95 theme aromatic 1327:1334 arg1 regions 1336:1342 lignin aromatic regions 1320:1342 lignin aromatic regions 1320:1342 In this black precipitate, the intensity of NMR spectra related to lignin aromatic regions increased and those related to polysaccharides decreased, compared to rice straw, the solid fraction after hydrothermal pretreatment, and the NF concentrate. 26101546 11 96 theme concentrated 1901:1912 arg1 mixtures 1914:1921 concentrated mixtures 1901:1921 concentrated mixtures of lignin and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 1901:1966 These results suggested that precipitation of lignin was enhanced from concentrated mixtures of lignin and hemicellulosic polysaccharides by hydrolyzing the polysaccharides. 26101546 11 97 theme polysaccharides 1952:1966 arg1 mixtures 1914:1921 concentrated mixtures 1901:1921 concentrated mixtures of lignin and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 1901:1966 These results suggested that precipitation of lignin was enhanced from concentrated mixtures of lignin and hemicellulosic polysaccharides by hydrolyzing the polysaccharides. 27441692 6 0 theme cell 1200:1203 arg1 growth 1205:1210 cell growth 1200:1210 cell growth 1200:1210 Gels with lower alginate concentration yielded higher initial cell viability but faster spheroid formation while increasing initial cell density encouraged cell growth. 27441692 6 1 with Gels 1044:1047 arg1 concentration 1069:1081 lower alginate concentration 1054:1081 lower alginate concentration 1054:1081 Gels with lower alginate concentration yielded higher initial cell viability but faster spheroid formation while increasing initial cell density encouraged cell growth. 27441692 7 2 theme GDNF 1224:1227 arg1 delivery 1229:1236 Continuous GDNF delivery 1213:1236 Continuous GDNF delivery 1213:1236 Continuous GDNF delivery was detected in culture and in healthy rat eyes for at least 14 days. 27441692 1 3 theme posterior 315:323 arg1 diseases 329:336 sight-threatening posterior eye diseases 297:336 sight-threatening posterior eye diseases 297:336 Encapsulated-cell therapy (ECT) is an attractive approach for continuously delivering freshly synthesized therapeutics to treat sight-threatening posterior eye diseases, circumventing repeated invasive intravitreal injections and improving local drug availability clinically. 27441692 10 4 theme potential 1662:1670 arg1 option 1682:1687 a potential treatment option 1660:1687 a potential treatment option for posterior eye diseases 1660:1714 CAC ECT gels offers flexible system design and is a potential treatment option for posterior eye diseases. 27441692 9 5 theme higher 1544:1549 arg1 number 1564:1569 higher initial cell number 1544:1569 higher initial cell number 1544:1569 Most importantly, gel-implanted in dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons rat eyes for 28 days retained photoreceptors while those containing higher initial cell number yielded better photoreceptor survival. 27441692 1 6 theme eye 325:327 arg1 diseases 329:336 sight-threatening posterior eye diseases 297:336 sight-threatening posterior eye diseases 297:336 Encapsulated-cell therapy (ECT) is an attractive approach for continuously delivering freshly synthesized therapeutics to treat sight-threatening posterior eye diseases, circumventing repeated invasive intravitreal injections and improving local drug availability clinically. 27441692 3 7 theme CAC 676:678 arg1 properties 684:693 CAC ECT properties 676:693 CAC ECT properties 676:693 However, CAC ECT properties and performance in the eye are not well-understood. 27441692 9 8 theme cell 1559:1562 arg1 number 1564:1569 higher initial cell number 1544:1569 higher initial cell number 1544:1569 Most importantly, gel-implanted in dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons rat eyes for 28 days retained photoreceptors while those containing higher initial cell number yielded better photoreceptor survival. 27441692 8 9 theme tissue 1350:1355 arg1 attachment 1357:1366 no host tissue attachment 1342:1366 no host tissue attachment 1342:1366 The gels were well-tolerated with no host tissue attachment and contained living cell colonies. 27441692 10 10 theme posterior 1693:1701 arg1 diseases 1707:1714 posterior eye diseases 1693:1714 posterior eye diseases 1693:1714 CAC ECT gels offers flexible system design and is a potential treatment option for posterior eye diseases. 27441692 0 11 theme Inherited 131:139 arg1 Degeneration 149:160 an Inherited Retinal Degeneration 128:160 an Inherited Retinal Degeneration Model 128:166 Sustained Delivery of Bioactive GDNF from Collagen and Alginate-Based Cell-Encapsulating Gel Promoted Photoreceptor Survival in an Inherited Retinal Degeneration Model. 27441692 0 12 from Gel 89:91 arg1 Delivery 10:17 Sustained Delivery 0:17 Sustained Delivery of Bioactive GDNF from Collagen and Alginate-Based Cell-Encapsulating Gel 0:91 Sustained Delivery of Bioactive GDNF from Collagen and Alginate-Based Cell-Encapsulating Gel Promoted Photoreceptor Survival in an Inherited Retinal Degeneration Model. 27441692 0 13 theme Degeneration 149:160 arg1 Model 162:166 an Inherited Retinal Degeneration Model 128:166 an Inherited Retinal Degeneration Model 128:166 Sustained Delivery of Bioactive GDNF from Collagen and Alginate-Based Cell-Encapsulating Gel Promoted Photoreceptor Survival in an Inherited Retinal Degeneration Model. 27441692 9 14 theme photoreceptor 1586:1598 arg1 survival 1600:1607 better photoreceptor survival 1579:1607 better photoreceptor survival 1579:1607 Most importantly, gel-implanted in dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons rat eyes for 28 days retained photoreceptors while those containing higher initial cell number yielded better photoreceptor survival. 27441692 8 15 theme living 1382:1387 arg1 colonies 1394:1401 living cell colonies 1382:1401 living cell colonies 1382:1401 The gels were well-tolerated with no host tissue attachment and contained living cell colonies. 27441692 5 16 theme type 1011:1014 arg1 collagen 1018:1025 2mg/ml type I collagen 1004:1025 2mg/ml type I collagen 1004:1025 Here, the system was further developed into an intravitreally injectable gel with 1x104 or 2x105 cells encapsulated in 2mg/ml type I collagen and 1% alginate. 27441692 4 17 theme 3D 782:783 arg1 system 789:794 a cultured 3D CAC system 771:794 a cultured 3D CAC system that supported the growth of GDNF-secreting HEK293 cells with sustainable GDNF delivery 771:882 Previously, we reported a cultured 3D CAC system that supported the growth of GDNF-secreting HEK293 cells with sustainable GDNF delivery. 27441692 0 18 theme Alginate-Based 55:68 arg1 Gel 89:91 Collagen and Alginate-Based Cell-Encapsulating Gel 42:91 Gel 89:91 Sustained Delivery of Bioactive GDNF from Collagen and Alginate-Based Cell-Encapsulating Gel Promoted Photoreceptor Survival in an Inherited Retinal Degeneration Model. 27441692 1 19 theme Encapsulated-cell 169:185 arg1 approach 218:225 an attractive approach 204:225 an attractive approach for continuously delivering freshly synthesized therapeutics to treat sight-threatening posterior eye diseases 204:336 Encapsulated-cell therapy (ECT) is an attractive approach for continuously delivering freshly synthesized therapeutics to treat sight-threatening posterior eye diseases, circumventing repeated invasive intravitreal injections and improving local drug availability clinically. 27441692 1 19 theme Encapsulated-cell 169:185 arg1 ECT 196:198 ECT 196:198 ECT 196:198 Encapsulated-cell therapy (ECT) is an attractive approach for continuously delivering freshly synthesized therapeutics to treat sight-threatening posterior eye diseases, circumventing repeated invasive intravitreal injections and improving local drug availability clinically. 27441692 1 19 theme Encapsulated-cell 169:185 arg1 therapy 187:193 Encapsulated-cell therapy 169:193 Encapsulated-cell therapy (ECT) 169:199 Encapsulated-cell therapy (ECT) is an attractive approach for continuously delivering freshly synthesized therapeutics to treat sight-threatening posterior eye diseases, circumventing repeated invasive intravitreal injections and improving local drug availability clinically. 27441692 6 20 theme initial 1098:1104 arg1 viability 1111:1119 higher initial cell viability 1091:1119 higher initial cell viability 1091:1119 Gels with lower alginate concentration yielded higher initial cell viability but faster spheroid formation while increasing initial cell density encouraged cell growth. 27441692 1 21 theme local 409:413 arg1 availability 420:431 local drug availability 409:431 local drug availability 409:431 Encapsulated-cell therapy (ECT) is an attractive approach for continuously delivering freshly synthesized therapeutics to treat sight-threatening posterior eye diseases, circumventing repeated invasive intravitreal injections and improving local drug availability clinically. 27441692 2 22 theme mild 625:628 arg1 properties 638:647 mild gelling properties 625:647 mild gelling properties 625:647 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold contains an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability. 27441692 4 23 theme sustainable 858:868 arg1 delivery 875:882 sustainable GDNF delivery 858:882 sustainable GDNF delivery 858:882 Previously, we reported a cultured 3D CAC system that supported the growth of GDNF-secreting HEK293 cells with sustainable GDNF delivery. 27441692 0 24 theme Photoreceptor 102:114 arg1 Survival 116:123 Photoreceptor Survival 102:123 Photoreceptor Survival 102:123 Sustained Delivery of Bioactive GDNF from Collagen and Alginate-Based Cell-Encapsulating Gel Promoted Photoreceptor Survival in an Inherited Retinal Degeneration Model. 27441692 6 25 theme alginate 1060:1067 arg1 concentration 1069:1081 lower alginate concentration 1054:1081 lower alginate concentration 1054:1081 Gels with lower alginate concentration yielded higher initial cell viability but faster spheroid formation while increasing initial cell density encouraged cell growth. 27441692 6 26 theme cell 1176:1179 arg1 density 1181:1187 initial cell density 1168:1187 initial cell density 1168:1187 Gels with lower alginate concentration yielded higher initial cell viability but faster spheroid formation while increasing initial cell density encouraged cell growth. 27441692 4 27 theme GDNF-secreting 825:838 arg1 cells 847:851 GDNF-secreting HEK293 cells 825:851 GDNF-secreting HEK293 cells 825:851 Previously, we reported a cultured 3D CAC system that supported the growth of GDNF-secreting HEK293 cells with sustainable GDNF delivery. 27441692 0 28 theme Sustained 0:8 arg1 Delivery 10:17 Sustained Delivery 0:17 Sustained Delivery of Bioactive GDNF from Collagen and Alginate-Based Cell-Encapsulating Gel 0:91 Sustained Delivery of Bioactive GDNF from Collagen and Alginate-Based Cell-Encapsulating Gel Promoted Photoreceptor Survival in an Inherited Retinal Degeneration Model. 27441692 9 29 theme gel-implanted 1422:1434 arg1 eyes 1480:1483 gel-implanted in dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons rat eyes 1422:1483 gel-implanted in dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons rat eyes for 28 days 1422:1495 Most importantly, gel-implanted in dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons rat eyes for 28 days retained photoreceptors while those containing higher initial cell number yielded better photoreceptor survival. 27441692 5 30 theme 1 1031:1031 arg1 % 1032:1032 % 1032:1032 % 1032:1032 Here, the system was further developed into an intravitreally injectable gel with 1x104 or 2x105 cells encapsulated in 2mg/ml type I collagen and 1% alginate. 27441692 10 31 theme ECT 1614:1616 arg1 gels 1618:1621 CAC ECT gels 1610:1621 CAC ECT gels 1610:1621 CAC ECT gels offers flexible system design and is a potential treatment option for posterior eye diseases. 27441692 4 32 theme cells 847:851 arg1 growth 815:820 the growth 811:820 the growth of GDNF-secreting HEK293 cells 811:851 Previously, we reported a cultured 3D CAC system that supported the growth of GDNF-secreting HEK293 cells with sustainable GDNF delivery. 27441692 3 33 from properties 684:693 arg1 eye 718:720 the eye 714:720 the eye 714:720 However, CAC ECT properties and performance in the eye are not well-understood. 27441692 2 34 theme interpenetrating 500:515 arg1 network 517:523 an interpenetrating network 497:523 an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability 497:664 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold contains an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability. 27441692 7 35 theme healthy 1269:1275 arg1 eyes 1281:1284 healthy rat eyes 1269:1284 healthy rat eyes 1269:1284 Continuous GDNF delivery was detected in culture and in healthy rat eyes for at least 14 days. 27441692 9 36 theme dystrophic 1439:1448 arg1 College 1456:1462 dystrophic Royal College 1439:1462 dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons 1439:1474 Most importantly, gel-implanted in dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons rat eyes for 28 days retained photoreceptors while those containing higher initial cell number yielded better photoreceptor survival. 27441692 3 37 from performance 699:709 arg1 eye 718:720 the eye 714:720 the eye 714:720 However, CAC ECT properties and performance in the eye are not well-understood. 27441692 0 38 theme GDNF 32:35 arg1 Delivery 10:17 Sustained Delivery 0:17 Sustained Delivery of Bioactive GDNF from Collagen and Alginate-Based Cell-Encapsulating Gel 0:91 Sustained Delivery of Bioactive GDNF from Collagen and Alginate-Based Cell-Encapsulating Gel Promoted Photoreceptor Survival in an Inherited Retinal Degeneration Model. 27441692 1 39 theme repeated 353:360 arg1 injections 384:393 repeated invasive intravitreal injections 353:393 repeated invasive intravitreal injections 353:393 Encapsulated-cell therapy (ECT) is an attractive approach for continuously delivering freshly synthesized therapeutics to treat sight-threatening posterior eye diseases, circumventing repeated invasive intravitreal injections and improving local drug availability clinically. 27441692 6 40 theme faster 1125:1130 arg1 formation 1141:1149 faster spheroid formation 1125:1149 faster spheroid formation 1125:1149 Gels with lower alginate concentration yielded higher initial cell viability but faster spheroid formation while increasing initial cell density encouraged cell growth. 27441692 10 41 theme system 1639:1644 arg1 design 1646:1651 flexible system design 1630:1651 flexible system design 1630:1651 CAC ECT gels offers flexible system design and is a potential treatment option for posterior eye diseases. 27441692 0 42 theme Collagen 42:49 arg1 Gel 89:91 Collagen and Alginate-Based Cell-Encapsulating Gel 42:91 Gel 89:91 Sustained Delivery of Bioactive GDNF from Collagen and Alginate-Based Cell-Encapsulating Gel Promoted Photoreceptor Survival in an Inherited Retinal Degeneration Model. 27441692 9 43 theme Surgeons 1467:1474 arg1 College 1456:1462 dystrophic Royal College 1439:1462 dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons 1439:1474 Most importantly, gel-implanted in dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons rat eyes for 28 days retained photoreceptors while those containing higher initial cell number yielded better photoreceptor survival. 27441692 5 44 with gel 958:960 arg1 cells 982:986 1x104 or 2x105 cells 967:986 1x104 or 2x105 cells encapsulated in 2mg/ml type I collagen and 1% alginate 967:1041 Here, the system was further developed into an intravitreally injectable gel with 1x104 or 2x105 cells encapsulated in 2mg/ml type I collagen and 1% alginate. 27441692 2 45 theme Composite 445:453 arg1 CAC 474:476 CAC 474:476 CAC 474:476 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold contains an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability. 27441692 2 45 theme Composite 445:453 arg1 collagen-alginate 455:471 Composite collagen-alginate 445:471 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold 445:486 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold contains an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability. 27441692 1 46 theme synthesized 263:273 arg1 therapeutics 275:286 freshly synthesized therapeutics 255:286 freshly synthesized therapeutics 255:286 Encapsulated-cell therapy (ECT) is an attractive approach for continuously delivering freshly synthesized therapeutics to treat sight-threatening posterior eye diseases, circumventing repeated invasive intravitreal injections and improving local drug availability clinically. 27441692 7 47 theme Continuous 1213:1222 arg1 delivery 1229:1236 Continuous GDNF delivery 1213:1236 Continuous GDNF delivery 1213:1236 Continuous GDNF delivery was detected in culture and in healthy rat eyes for at least 14 days. 27441692 1 48 theme sight-threatening 297:313 arg1 diseases 329:336 sight-threatening posterior eye diseases 297:336 sight-threatening posterior eye diseases 297:336 Encapsulated-cell therapy (ECT) is an attractive approach for continuously delivering freshly synthesized therapeutics to treat sight-threatening posterior eye diseases, circumventing repeated invasive intravitreal injections and improving local drug availability clinically. 27441692 10 49 theme treatment 1672:1680 arg1 option 1682:1687 a potential treatment option 1660:1687 a potential treatment option for posterior eye diseases 1660:1714 CAC ECT gels offers flexible system design and is a potential treatment option for posterior eye diseases. 27441692 7 50 located detected 1242:1249 arg1 culture 1254:1260 culture 1254:1260 culture 1254:1260 Continuous GDNF delivery was detected in culture and in healthy rat eyes for at least 14 days. 27441692 7 50 located detected 1242:1249 arg2 delivery 1229:1236 Continuous GDNF delivery 1213:1236 Continuous GDNF delivery 1213:1236 Continuous GDNF delivery was detected in culture and in healthy rat eyes for at least 14 days. 27441692 1 51 theme intravitreal 371:382 arg1 injections 384:393 repeated invasive intravitreal injections 353:393 repeated invasive intravitreal injections 353:393 Encapsulated-cell therapy (ECT) is an attractive approach for continuously delivering freshly synthesized therapeutics to treat sight-threatening posterior eye diseases, circumventing repeated invasive intravitreal injections and improving local drug availability clinically. 27441692 9 52 theme initial 1551:1557 arg1 number 1564:1569 higher initial cell number 1544:1569 higher initial cell number 1544:1569 Most importantly, gel-implanted in dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons rat eyes for 28 days retained photoreceptors while those containing higher initial cell number yielded better photoreceptor survival. 27441692 6 53 theme lower 1054:1058 arg1 concentration 1069:1081 lower alginate concentration 1054:1081 lower alginate concentration 1054:1081 Gels with lower alginate concentration yielded higher initial cell viability but faster spheroid formation while increasing initial cell density encouraged cell growth. 27441692 10 54 theme eye 1703:1705 arg1 diseases 1707:1714 posterior eye diseases 1693:1714 posterior eye diseases 1693:1714 CAC ECT gels offers flexible system design and is a potential treatment option for posterior eye diseases. 27441692 0 55 theme Retinal 141:147 arg1 Degeneration 149:160 an Inherited Retinal Degeneration 128:160 an Inherited Retinal Degeneration Model 128:166 Sustained Delivery of Bioactive GDNF from Collagen and Alginate-Based Cell-Encapsulating Gel Promoted Photoreceptor Survival in an Inherited Retinal Degeneration Model. 27441692 1 56 theme attractive 207:216 arg1 approach 218:225 an attractive approach 204:225 an attractive approach for continuously delivering freshly synthesized therapeutics to treat sight-threatening posterior eye diseases 204:336 Encapsulated-cell therapy (ECT) is an attractive approach for continuously delivering freshly synthesized therapeutics to treat sight-threatening posterior eye diseases, circumventing repeated invasive intravitreal injections and improving local drug availability clinically. 27441692 1 56 theme attractive 207:216 arg1 therapy 187:193 Encapsulated-cell therapy 169:193 Encapsulated-cell therapy (ECT) 169:199 Encapsulated-cell therapy (ECT) is an attractive approach for continuously delivering freshly synthesized therapeutics to treat sight-threatening posterior eye diseases, circumventing repeated invasive intravitreal injections and improving local drug availability clinically. 27441692 8 57 theme host 1345:1348 arg1 attachment 1357:1366 no host tissue attachment 1342:1366 no host tissue attachment 1342:1366 The gels were well-tolerated with no host tissue attachment and contained living cell colonies. 27441692 9 58 theme better 1579:1584 arg1 survival 1600:1607 better photoreceptor survival 1579:1607 better photoreceptor survival 1579:1607 Most importantly, gel-implanted in dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons rat eyes for 28 days retained photoreceptors while those containing higher initial cell number yielded better photoreceptor survival. 27441692 2 59 theme gelling 630:636 arg1 properties 638:647 mild gelling properties 625:647 mild gelling properties 625:647 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold contains an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability. 27441692 3 60 theme ECT 680:682 arg1 properties 684:693 CAC ECT properties 676:693 CAC ECT properties 676:693 However, CAC ECT properties and performance in the eye are not well-understood. 27441692 5 61 theme 2mg/ml 1004:1009 arg1 collagen 1018:1025 2mg/ml type I collagen 1004:1025 2mg/ml type I collagen 1004:1025 Here, the system was further developed into an intravitreally injectable gel with 1x104 or 2x105 cells encapsulated in 2mg/ml type I collagen and 1% alginate. 27441692 2 62 contain contains 488:495 arg2 network 517:523 an interpenetrating network 497:523 an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability 497:664 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold contains an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability. 27441692 2 62 contain contains 488:495 arg1 scaffold 479:486 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold 445:486 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold 445:486 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold contains an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability. 27441692 5 63 theme I 1016:1016 arg1 collagen 1018:1025 2mg/ml type I collagen 1004:1025 2mg/ml type I collagen 1004:1025 Here, the system was further developed into an intravitreally injectable gel with 1x104 or 2x105 cells encapsulated in 2mg/ml type I collagen and 1% alginate. 27441692 8 64 theme cell 1389:1392 arg1 colonies 1394:1401 living cell colonies 1382:1401 living cell colonies 1382:1401 The gels were well-tolerated with no host tissue attachment and contained living cell colonies. 27441692 0 65 theme Cell-Encapsulating 70:87 arg1 Gel 89:91 Collagen and Alginate-Based Cell-Encapsulating Gel 42:91 Gel 89:91 Sustained Delivery of Bioactive GDNF from Collagen and Alginate-Based Cell-Encapsulating Gel Promoted Photoreceptor Survival in an Inherited Retinal Degeneration Model. 27441692 6 66 theme cell 1106:1109 arg1 viability 1111:1119 higher initial cell viability 1091:1119 higher initial cell viability 1091:1119 Gels with lower alginate concentration yielded higher initial cell viability but faster spheroid formation while increasing initial cell density encouraged cell growth. 27441692 2 67 theme constituents 583:594 arg1 biocompatibility 607:622 biocompatibility 607:622 biocompatibility 607:622 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold contains an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability. 27441692 2 67 theme constituents 583:594 arg1 availability 653:664 availability 653:664 availability 653:664 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold contains an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability. 27441692 2 67 theme constituents 583:594 arg1 properties 638:647 mild gelling properties 625:647 mild gelling properties 625:647 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold contains an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability. 27441692 2 67 theme constituents 583:594 arg1 merits 569:574 the physical and biological merits 541:574 the physical and biological merits 541:574 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold contains an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability. 27441692 4 68 theme cultured 773:780 arg1 system 789:794 a cultured 3D CAC system 771:794 a cultured 3D CAC system that supported the growth of GDNF-secreting HEK293 cells with sustainable GDNF delivery 771:882 Previously, we reported a cultured 3D CAC system that supported the growth of GDNF-secreting HEK293 cells with sustainable GDNF delivery. 27441692 6 69 theme higher 1091:1096 arg1 viability 1111:1119 higher initial cell viability 1091:1119 higher initial cell viability 1091:1119 Gels with lower alginate concentration yielded higher initial cell viability but faster spheroid formation while increasing initial cell density encouraged cell growth. 27441692 4 70 theme CAC 785:787 arg1 system 789:794 a cultured 3D CAC system 771:794 a cultured 3D CAC system that supported the growth of GDNF-secreting HEK293 cells with sustainable GDNF delivery 771:882 Previously, we reported a cultured 3D CAC system that supported the growth of GDNF-secreting HEK293 cells with sustainable GDNF delivery. 27441692 1 71 theme drug 415:418 arg1 availability 420:431 local drug availability 409:431 local drug availability 409:431 Encapsulated-cell therapy (ECT) is an attractive approach for continuously delivering freshly synthesized therapeutics to treat sight-threatening posterior eye diseases, circumventing repeated invasive intravitreal injections and improving local drug availability clinically. 27441692 9 72 from College 1456:1462 arg1 gel-implanted 1422:1434 gel-implanted 1422:1434 gel-implanted 1422:1434 Most importantly, gel-implanted in dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons rat eyes for 28 days retained photoreceptors while those containing higher initial cell number yielded better photoreceptor survival. 27441692 9 73 contain containing 1533:1542 arg2 number 1564:1569 higher initial cell number 1544:1569 higher initial cell number 1544:1569 Most importantly, gel-implanted in dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons rat eyes for 28 days retained photoreceptors while those containing higher initial cell number yielded better photoreceptor survival. 27441692 9 73 contain containing 1533:1542 arg1 those 1527:1531 those 1527:1531 those 1527:1531 Most importantly, gel-implanted in dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons rat eyes for 28 days retained photoreceptors while those containing higher initial cell number yielded better photoreceptor survival. 27441692 4 74 theme GDNF 870:873 arg1 delivery 875:882 sustainable GDNF delivery 858:882 sustainable GDNF delivery 858:882 Previously, we reported a cultured 3D CAC system that supported the growth of GDNF-secreting HEK293 cells with sustainable GDNF delivery. 27441692 7 75 theme rat 1277:1279 arg1 eyes 1281:1284 healthy rat eyes 1269:1284 healthy rat eyes 1269:1284 Continuous GDNF delivery was detected in culture and in healthy rat eyes for at least 14 days. 27441692 9 76 from gel-implanted 1422:1434 arg1 College 1456:1462 dystrophic Royal College 1439:1462 dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons 1439:1474 Most importantly, gel-implanted in dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons rat eyes for 28 days retained photoreceptors while those containing higher initial cell number yielded better photoreceptor survival. 27441692 6 77 theme initial 1168:1174 arg1 density 1181:1187 initial cell density 1168:1187 initial cell density 1168:1187 Gels with lower alginate concentration yielded higher initial cell viability but faster spheroid formation while increasing initial cell density encouraged cell growth. 27441692 2 78 theme collagen-alginate 455:471 arg1 scaffold 479:486 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold 445:486 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold 445:486 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold contains an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability. 27441692 0 79 theme Bioactive 22:30 arg1 GDNF 32:35 Bioactive GDNF 22:35 Bioactive GDNF 22:35 Sustained Delivery of Bioactive GDNF from Collagen and Alginate-Based Cell-Encapsulating Gel Promoted Photoreceptor Survival in an Inherited Retinal Degeneration Model. 27441692 5 80 theme % 1032:1032 arg1 alginate 1034:1041 1% alginate 1031:1041 1% alginate 1031:1041 Here, the system was further developed into an intravitreally injectable gel with 1x104 or 2x105 cells encapsulated in 2mg/ml type I collagen and 1% alginate. 27441692 10 81 theme CAC 1610:1612 arg1 gels 1618:1621 CAC ECT gels 1610:1621 CAC ECT gels 1610:1621 CAC ECT gels offers flexible system design and is a potential treatment option for posterior eye diseases. 27441692 4 82 theme HEK293 840:845 arg1 cells 847:851 GDNF-secreting HEK293 cells 825:851 GDNF-secreting HEK293 cells 825:851 Previously, we reported a cultured 3D CAC system that supported the growth of GDNF-secreting HEK293 cells with sustainable GDNF delivery. 27441692 9 83 theme Royal 1450:1454 arg1 College 1456:1462 dystrophic Royal College 1439:1462 dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons 1439:1474 Most importantly, gel-implanted in dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons rat eyes for 28 days retained photoreceptors while those containing higher initial cell number yielded better photoreceptor survival. 27441692 6 84 theme spheroid 1132:1139 arg1 formation 1141:1149 faster spheroid formation 1125:1149 faster spheroid formation 1125:1149 Gels with lower alginate concentration yielded higher initial cell viability but faster spheroid formation while increasing initial cell density encouraged cell growth. 27441692 2 85 theme biological 558:567 arg1 biocompatibility 607:622 biocompatibility 607:622 biocompatibility 607:622 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold contains an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability. 27441692 2 85 theme biological 558:567 arg1 availability 653:664 availability 653:664 availability 653:664 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold contains an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability. 27441692 2 85 theme biological 558:567 arg1 properties 638:647 mild gelling properties 625:647 mild gelling properties 625:647 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold contains an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability. 27441692 2 85 theme biological 558:567 arg1 merits 569:574 the physical and biological merits 541:574 the physical and biological merits 541:574 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold contains an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability. 27441692 1 86 theme invasive 362:369 arg1 injections 384:393 repeated invasive intravitreal injections 353:393 repeated invasive intravitreal injections 353:393 Encapsulated-cell therapy (ECT) is an attractive approach for continuously delivering freshly synthesized therapeutics to treat sight-threatening posterior eye diseases, circumventing repeated invasive intravitreal injections and improving local drug availability clinically. 27441692 2 87 theme physical 545:552 arg1 biocompatibility 607:622 biocompatibility 607:622 biocompatibility 607:622 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold contains an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability. 27441692 2 87 theme physical 545:552 arg1 availability 653:664 availability 653:664 availability 653:664 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold contains an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability. 27441692 2 87 theme physical 545:552 arg1 properties 638:647 mild gelling properties 625:647 mild gelling properties 625:647 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold contains an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability. 27441692 2 87 theme physical 545:552 arg1 merits 569:574 the physical and biological merits 541:574 the physical and biological merits 541:574 Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold contains an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability. 27441692 10 88 theme flexible 1630:1637 arg1 design 1646:1651 flexible system design 1630:1651 flexible system design 1630:1651 CAC ECT gels offers flexible system design and is a potential treatment option for posterior eye diseases. 27441692 9 89 theme rat 1476:1478 arg1 eyes 1480:1483 gel-implanted in dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons rat eyes 1422:1483 gel-implanted in dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons rat eyes for 28 days 1422:1495 Most importantly, gel-implanted in dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons rat eyes for 28 days retained photoreceptors while those containing higher initial cell number yielded better photoreceptor survival. 27441692 5 90 theme injectable 947:956 arg1 gel 958:960 an intravitreally injectable gel 929:960 an intravitreally injectable gel with 1x104 or 2x105 cells encapsulated in 2mg/ml type I collagen and 1% alginate 929:1041 Here, the system was further developed into an intravitreally injectable gel with 1x104 or 2x105 cells encapsulated in 2mg/ml type I collagen and 1% alginate. 27441692 1 91 dep approach 218:225 arg1 circumventing 339:351 circumventing 339:351 circumventing repeated invasive intravitreal injections 339:393 Encapsulated-cell therapy (ECT) is an attractive approach for continuously delivering freshly synthesized therapeutics to treat sight-threatening posterior eye diseases, circumventing repeated invasive intravitreal injections and improving local drug availability clinically. 27441692 1 91 dep approach 218:225 arg1 improving 399:407 improving 399:407 improving local drug availability clinically 399:442 Encapsulated-cell therapy (ECT) is an attractive approach for continuously delivering freshly synthesized therapeutics to treat sight-threatening posterior eye diseases, circumventing repeated invasive intravitreal injections and improving local drug availability clinically. 24841491 4 0 theme spectroscopy 637:648 arg1 analysis 650:657 infrared (FTIR) and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis 584:657 infrared (FTIR) and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis 584:657 This was confirmed and explained by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis. 24841491 1 1 theme metals 156:161 arg1 adsorption 136:145 Competitive adsorption 124:145 Competitive adsorption of heavy metals by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans 124:248 Competitive adsorption of heavy metals by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans was investigated. 24841491 6 2 theme tryptophan-like 815:829 arg1 compositions 856:867 the main compositions 847:867 the main compositions reacted with the heavy metals 847:897 EEM spectra further revealed that tryptophan-like substances were the main compositions reacted with the heavy metals. 24841491 6 2 theme tryptophan-like 815:829 arg1 substances 831:840 tryptophan-like substances 815:840 tryptophan-like substances 815:840 EEM spectra further revealed that tryptophan-like substances were the main compositions reacted with the heavy metals. 24841491 2 3 theme metals 378:383 arg1 adsorption 358:367 the adsorption 354:367 the adsorption of heavy metals 354:383 Chemical analysis showed that different EPS compositions had different capacities for the adsorption of heavy metals which was investigated using Cu(2+) and Zn(2+). 24841491 7 4 contain had 917:919 arg1 2+ 913:914 2+ 913:914 2+ 913:914 Moreover, Zn(2+) had a higher fluorescence quenching ability than Cu(2+). 24841491 7 4 contain had 917:919 arg1 Zn 910:911 Zn 910:911 Zn(2+) 910:915 Moreover, Zn(2+) had a higher fluorescence quenching ability than Cu(2+). 24841491 7 4 contain had 917:919 arg2 ability 953:959 a higher fluorescence quenching ability 921:959 a higher fluorescence quenching ability 921:959 Moreover, Zn(2+) had a higher fluorescence quenching ability than Cu(2+). 24841491 3 5 contain had 475:477 arg1 EPS 471:473 EPS 471:473 EPS 471:473 Batch adsorption tests indicated that EPS had a higher combined ability with Zn(2+) than Cu(2+). 24841491 3 5 contain had 475:477 arg2 ability 497:503 a higher combined ability 479:503 a higher combined ability 479:503 Batch adsorption tests indicated that EPS had a higher combined ability with Zn(2+) than Cu(2+). 24841491 2 6 theme EPS 308:310 arg1 compositions 312:323 different EPS compositions 298:323 different EPS compositions 298:323 Chemical analysis showed that different EPS compositions had different capacities for the adsorption of heavy metals which was investigated using Cu(2+) and Zn(2+). 24841491 0 7 theme reducing 105:112 arg1 bacteria 114:121 sulfate reducing bacteria 97:121 sulfate reducing bacteria 97:121 Competitive adsorption of heavy metal by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from sulfate reducing bacteria. 24841491 2 8 theme different 298:306 arg1 compositions 312:323 different EPS compositions 298:323 different EPS compositions 298:323 Chemical analysis showed that different EPS compositions had different capacities for the adsorption of heavy metals which was investigated using Cu(2+) and Zn(2+). 24841491 1 9 theme extracellular 166:178 arg1 substances 190:199 extracellular polymeric substances 166:199 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans 166:248 Competitive adsorption of heavy metals by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans was investigated. 24841491 1 9 theme extracellular 166:178 arg1 EPS 202:204 EPS 202:204 EPS 202:204 Competitive adsorption of heavy metals by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans was investigated. 24841491 0 10 theme sulfate 97:103 arg1 bacteria 114:121 sulfate reducing bacteria 97:121 sulfate reducing bacteria 97:121 Competitive adsorption of heavy metal by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from sulfate reducing bacteria. 24841491 1 11 theme polymeric 180:188 arg1 substances 190:199 extracellular polymeric substances 166:199 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans 166:248 Competitive adsorption of heavy metals by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans was investigated. 24841491 1 11 theme polymeric 180:188 arg1 EPS 202:204 EPS 202:204 EPS 202:204 Competitive adsorption of heavy metals by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans was investigated. 24841491 4 12 theme matrix 624:629 arg1 spectroscopy 637:648 infrared (FTIR) and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy 584:648 infrared (FTIR) and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis 584:657 This was confirmed and explained by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis. 24841491 0 13 theme Competitive 0:10 arg1 adsorption 12:21 Competitive adsorption 0:21 Competitive adsorption of heavy metal by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 0:80 Competitive adsorption of heavy metal by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from sulfate reducing bacteria. 24841491 4 14 theme excitation-emission 604:622 arg1 spectroscopy 637:648 infrared (FTIR) and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy 584:648 infrared (FTIR) and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis 584:657 This was confirmed and explained by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis. 24841491 5 15 dep combined 719:726 arg1 while 740:744 while 740:744 while 740:744 FTIR analysis showed that both polysaccharides and protein combined with Zn(2+) while only protein combined with Cu(2+). 24841491 2 16 theme different 329:337 arg1 capacities 339:348 different capacities 329:348 different capacities for the adsorption of heavy metals which was investigated using Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) 329:430 Chemical analysis showed that different EPS compositions had different capacities for the adsorption of heavy metals which was investigated using Cu(2+) and Zn(2+). 24841491 4 17 theme infrared 584:591 arg1 spectroscopy 637:648 infrared (FTIR) and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy 584:648 infrared (FTIR) and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis 584:657 This was confirmed and explained by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis. 24841491 3 18 theme combined 488:495 arg1 ability 497:503 a higher combined ability 479:503 a higher combined ability 479:503 Batch adsorption tests indicated that EPS had a higher combined ability with Zn(2+) than Cu(2+). 24841491 6 19 theme heavy 886:890 arg1 metals 892:897 the heavy metals 882:897 the heavy metals 882:897 EEM spectra further revealed that tryptophan-like substances were the main compositions reacted with the heavy metals. 24841491 5 20 theme FTIR 660:663 arg1 analysis 665:672 FTIR analysis 660:672 FTIR analysis 660:672 FTIR analysis showed that both polysaccharides and protein combined with Zn(2+) while only protein combined with Cu(2+). 24841491 6 21 theme EEM 781:783 arg1 spectra 785:791 EEM spectra 781:791 EEM spectra 781:791 EEM spectra further revealed that tryptophan-like substances were the main compositions reacted with the heavy metals. 24841491 3 22 theme adsorption 439:448 arg1 tests 450:454 Batch adsorption tests 433:454 Batch adsorption tests 433:454 Batch adsorption tests indicated that EPS had a higher combined ability with Zn(2+) than Cu(2+). 24841491 0 23 theme metal 32:36 arg1 adsorption 12:21 Competitive adsorption 0:21 Competitive adsorption of heavy metal by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 0:80 Competitive adsorption of heavy metal by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from sulfate reducing bacteria. 24841491 2 24 contain had 325:327 arg1 compositions 312:323 different EPS compositions 298:323 different EPS compositions 298:323 Chemical analysis showed that different EPS compositions had different capacities for the adsorption of heavy metals which was investigated using Cu(2+) and Zn(2+). 24841491 2 24 contain had 325:327 arg2 capacities 339:348 different capacities 329:348 different capacities for the adsorption of heavy metals which was investigated using Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) 329:430 Chemical analysis showed that different EPS compositions had different capacities for the adsorption of heavy metals which was investigated using Cu(2+) and Zn(2+). 24841491 0 25 theme polymeric 55:63 arg1 EPS 77:79 EPS 77:79 EPS 77:79 Competitive adsorption of heavy metal by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from sulfate reducing bacteria. 24841491 0 25 theme polymeric 55:63 arg1 substances 65:74 extracellular polymeric substances 41:74 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 41:80 Competitive adsorption of heavy metal by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from sulfate reducing bacteria. 24841491 4 26 dep infrared 584:591 arg1 FTIR 594:597 FTIR 594:597 FTIR 594:597 This was confirmed and explained by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis. 24841491 7 27 theme higher 923:928 arg1 ability 953:959 a higher fluorescence quenching ability 921:959 a higher fluorescence quenching ability 921:959 Moreover, Zn(2+) had a higher fluorescence quenching ability than Cu(2+). 24841491 2 28 theme heavy 372:376 arg1 metals 378:383 heavy metals 372:383 heavy metals 372:383 Chemical analysis showed that different EPS compositions had different capacities for the adsorption of heavy metals which was investigated using Cu(2+) and Zn(2+). 24841491 0 29 theme extracellular 41:53 arg1 EPS 77:79 EPS 77:79 EPS 77:79 Competitive adsorption of heavy metal by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from sulfate reducing bacteria. 24841491 0 29 theme extracellular 41:53 arg1 substances 65:74 extracellular polymeric substances 41:74 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 41:80 Competitive adsorption of heavy metal by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from sulfate reducing bacteria. 24841491 4 30 dep Fourier 566:572 arg1 transform 574:582 transform 574:582 transform infrared (FTIR) and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis 574:657 This was confirmed and explained by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis. 24841491 3 31 theme higher 481:486 arg1 ability 497:503 a higher combined ability 479:503 a higher combined ability 479:503 Batch adsorption tests indicated that EPS had a higher combined ability with Zn(2+) than Cu(2+). 24841491 7 32 theme fluorescence 930:941 arg1 ability 953:959 a higher fluorescence quenching ability 921:959 a higher fluorescence quenching ability 921:959 Moreover, Zn(2+) had a higher fluorescence quenching ability than Cu(2+). 24841491 1 33 theme Competitive 124:134 arg1 adsorption 136:145 Competitive adsorption 124:145 Competitive adsorption of heavy metals by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans 124:248 Competitive adsorption of heavy metals by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans was investigated. 24841491 1 34 theme Desulfovibrio 222:234 arg1 desulfuricans 236:248 Desulfovibrio desulfuricans 222:248 Desulfovibrio desulfuricans 222:248 Competitive adsorption of heavy metals by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans was investigated. 24841491 7 35 theme quenching 943:951 arg1 ability 953:959 a higher fluorescence quenching ability 921:959 a higher fluorescence quenching ability 921:959 Moreover, Zn(2+) had a higher fluorescence quenching ability than Cu(2+). 24841491 2 36 theme Chemical 268:275 arg1 analysis 277:284 Chemical analysis 268:284 Chemical analysis 268:284 Chemical analysis showed that different EPS compositions had different capacities for the adsorption of heavy metals which was investigated using Cu(2+) and Zn(2+). 24841491 4 37 theme EEM 632:634 arg1 spectroscopy 637:648 infrared (FTIR) and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy 584:648 infrared (FTIR) and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis 584:657 This was confirmed and explained by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis. 24841491 3 38 theme Batch 433:437 arg1 tests 450:454 Batch adsorption tests 433:454 Batch adsorption tests 433:454 Batch adsorption tests indicated that EPS had a higher combined ability with Zn(2+) than Cu(2+). 24841491 6 39 theme main 851:854 arg1 compositions 856:867 the main compositions 847:867 the main compositions reacted with the heavy metals 847:897 EEM spectra further revealed that tryptophan-like substances were the main compositions reacted with the heavy metals. 24841491 6 39 theme main 851:854 arg1 substances 831:840 tryptophan-like substances 815:840 tryptophan-like substances 815:840 EEM spectra further revealed that tryptophan-like substances were the main compositions reacted with the heavy metals. 24841491 1 40 theme heavy 150:154 arg1 metals 156:161 heavy metals 150:161 heavy metals 150:161 Competitive adsorption of heavy metals by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans was investigated. 25864430 7 0 theme Bifidobacterium 1639:1653 arg1 proportion 1625:1634 the proportion 1621:1634 the proportion of Bifidobacterium and the Clostridium leptum group 1621:1686 Interestingly, there was an increase in the caecal abundance of Akkermansia and the caecal pool of succinic acid, and a decrease in the proportion of Bifidobacterium and the Clostridium leptum group. 25864430 3 1 theme high-fat 626:633 arg1 diets 640:644 low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets 610:644 low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets 610:644 The aim of the present study was to investigate how two whole-grain barley varieties differing in dietary fibre and β-glucan content affected caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and some plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets. 25864430 8 2 from formation 1794:1802 arg1 composition 1838:1848 microbiota composition 1827:1848 microbiota composition 1827:1848 In summary, whole-grain barley decreased HF diet-induced inflammation, which was possibly related to the formation of SCFA and changes in microbiota composition. 25864430 6 3 theme Fat 1179:1181 arg1 content 1183:1189 Fat content 1179:1189 Fat content 1179:1189 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 3 4 theme β-glucan 501:508 arg1 content 510:516 β-glucan content 501:516 β-glucan content 501:516 The aim of the present study was to investigate how two whole-grain barley varieties differing in dietary fibre and β-glucan content affected caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and some plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets. 25864430 5 5 theme dietary 1138:1144 arg1 fat 1146:1148 dietary fat 1138:1148 dietary fat 1138:1148 Furthermore, whole-grain barley reduced plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, increased the caecal abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the Bacteroides fragilis group, but increased the number of Bifidobacterium only when dietary fat was consumed at a low level. 25864430 5 6 theme Bifidobacterium 1112:1126 arg1 number 1102:1107 the number 1098:1107 the number of Bifidobacterium 1098:1126 Furthermore, whole-grain barley reduced plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, increased the caecal abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the Bacteroides fragilis group, but increased the number of Bifidobacterium only when dietary fat was consumed at a low level. 25864430 2 7 theme butyric 250:256 arg1 acids 258:262 Propionic and butyric acids 236:262 Propionic and butyric acids 236:262 Propionic and butyric acids have been found to play an important role in colonic health, as well as they may have extraintestinal metabolic effects. 25864430 6 8 contain had 1247:1249 arg2 lipids 1362:1367 lipids 1362:1367 lipids 1362:1367 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 8 contain had 1247:1249 arg2 pool 1267:1270 a higher caecal pool 1251:1270 a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids 1251:1300 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 8 contain had 1247:1249 arg2 acids 1296:1300 acetic and propionic acids 1275:1300 acetic and propionic acids 1275:1300 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 8 contain had 1247:1249 arg2 acids 1334:1338 amino acids 1328:1338 amino acids 1328:1338 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 8 contain had 1247:1249 arg2 concentrations 1310:1323 higher concentrations 1303:1323 higher concentrations of amino acids 1303:1338 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 8 contain had 1247:1249 arg2 amounts 1351:1357 higher amounts 1344:1357 higher amounts of lipids 1344:1367 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 8 contain had 1247:1249 arg1 rats 1225:1228 rats 1225:1228 rats fed the HF diets 1225:1245 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 8 9 theme HF 1730:1731 arg1 inflammation 1746:1757 HF diet-induced inflammation 1730:1757 HF diet-induced inflammation 1730:1757 In summary, whole-grain barley decreased HF diet-induced inflammation, which was possibly related to the formation of SCFA and changes in microbiota composition. 25864430 0 10 from SCFA 54:57 arg1 rats 110:113 rats 110:113 rats consuming low- and high-fat diets 110:147 Effects of two whole-grain barley varieties on caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low- and high-fat diets. 25864430 6 11 theme barley 1217:1222 arg1 effects 1206:1212 the effects 1202:1212 the effects of barley 1202:1222 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 3 12 theme gut 540:542 arg1 microbiota 544:553 gut microbiota 540:553 gut microbiota 540:553 The aim of the present study was to investigate how two whole-grain barley varieties differing in dietary fibre and β-glucan content affected caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and some plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets. 25864430 6 13 theme less 1437:1440 arg1 amounts 1442:1448 less amounts 1437:1448 less amounts of butyric acid 1437:1464 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 13 theme less 1437:1440 arg1 acid 1461:1464 butyric acid 1453:1464 butyric acid 1453:1464 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 5 14 theme monocyte 954:961 arg1 protein-1 979:987 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 954:987 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 954:987 Furthermore, whole-grain barley reduced plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, increased the caecal abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the Bacteroides fragilis group, but increased the number of Bifidobacterium only when dietary fat was consumed at a low level. 25864430 2 15 theme Propionic 236:244 arg1 acids 258:262 Propionic and butyric acids 236:262 Propionic and butyric acids 236:262 Propionic and butyric acids have been found to play an important role in colonic health, as well as they may have extraintestinal metabolic effects. 25864430 7 16 theme caecal 1573:1578 arg1 pool 1580:1583 the caecal pool 1569:1583 the caecal pool of succinic acid 1569:1600 Interestingly, there was an increase in the caecal abundance of Akkermansia and the caecal pool of succinic acid, and a decrease in the proportion of Bifidobacterium and the Clostridium leptum group. 25864430 8 17 from changes 1816:1822 arg1 composition 1838:1848 microbiota composition 1827:1848 microbiota composition 1827:1848 In summary, whole-grain barley decreased HF diet-induced inflammation, which was possibly related to the formation of SCFA and changes in microbiota composition. 25864430 3 18 theme present 400:406 arg1 study 408:412 the present study 396:412 the present study 396:412 The aim of the present study was to investigate how two whole-grain barley varieties differing in dietary fibre and β-glucan content affected caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and some plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets. 25864430 3 19 from SCFA 534:537 arg1 rats 595:598 rats 595:598 rats consuming low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets 595:644 The aim of the present study was to investigate how two whole-grain barley varieties differing in dietary fibre and β-glucan content affected caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and some plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets. 25864430 3 20 theme plasma 564:569 arg1 markers 584:590 some plasma inflammatory markers 559:590 some plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets 559:644 The aim of the present study was to investigate how two whole-grain barley varieties differing in dietary fibre and β-glucan content affected caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and some plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets. 25864430 5 21 theme low 1168:1170 arg1 level 1172:1176 a low level 1166:1176 a low level 1166:1176 Furthermore, whole-grain barley reduced plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, increased the caecal abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the Bacteroides fragilis group, but increased the number of Bifidobacterium only when dietary fat was consumed at a low level. 25864430 0 22 theme gut 60:62 arg1 microbiota 64:73 gut microbiota 60:73 gut microbiota 60:73 Effects of two whole-grain barley varieties on caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low- and high-fat diets. 25864430 0 23 from Effects 0:6 arg1 SCFA 54:57 caecal SCFA 47:57 caecal SCFA 47:57 Effects of two whole-grain barley varieties on caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low- and high-fat diets. 25864430 0 23 from Effects 0:6 arg1 microbiota 64:73 gut microbiota 60:73 gut microbiota 60:73 Effects of two whole-grain barley varieties on caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low- and high-fat diets. 25864430 0 23 from Effects 0:6 arg1 markers 99:105 plasma inflammatory markers 79:105 plasma inflammatory markers 79:105 Effects of two whole-grain barley varieties on caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low- and high-fat diets. 25864430 9 24 theme High 1851:1854 arg1 content 1865:1871 High β-glucan content 1851:1871 High β-glucan content in the diet 1851:1883 High β-glucan content in the diet was associated with reduced plasma cholesterol levels. 25864430 5 25 theme caecal 1004:1009 arg1 abundance 1011:1019 the caecal abundance 1000:1019 the caecal abundance of Lactobacillus 1000:1036 Furthermore, whole-grain barley reduced plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, increased the caecal abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the Bacteroides fragilis group, but increased the number of Bifidobacterium only when dietary fat was consumed at a low level. 25864430 7 26 theme caecal 1533:1538 arg1 abundance 1540:1548 the caecal abundance 1529:1548 the caecal abundance of Akkermansia 1529:1563 Interestingly, there was an increase in the caecal abundance of Akkermansia and the caecal pool of succinic acid, and a decrease in the proportion of Bifidobacterium and the Clostridium leptum group. 25864430 2 27 dep well 328:331 arg1 have 345:348 have 345:348 may have extraintestinal metabolic effects 341:382 Propionic and butyric acids have been found to play an important role in colonic health, as well as they may have extraintestinal metabolic effects. 25864430 0 28 theme inflammatory 86:97 arg1 markers 99:105 plasma inflammatory markers 79:105 plasma inflammatory markers 79:105 Effects of two whole-grain barley varieties on caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low- and high-fat diets. 25864430 4 29 theme caecal 668:673 arg1 pool 675:678 the caecal pool 664:678 the caecal pool of SCFA 664:686 Barley increased the caecal pool of SCFA in rats fed the LF and HF diets compared with those fed the control diet, and the effect was generally dependent on fibre content, an exception was butyric acid in the LF setting. 25864430 3 30 from markers 584:590 arg1 rats 595:598 rats 595:598 rats consuming low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets 595:644 The aim of the present study was to investigate how two whole-grain barley varieties differing in dietary fibre and β-glucan content affected caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and some plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets. 25864430 6 31 theme acid 1461:1464 arg1 amounts 1442:1448 less amounts 1437:1448 less amounts of butyric acid 1437:1464 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 31 theme acid 1461:1464 arg1 acid 1461:1464 butyric acid 1453:1464 butyric acid 1453:1464 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 32 theme higher 1303:1308 arg1 concentrations 1310:1323 higher concentrations 1303:1323 higher concentrations of amino acids 1303:1338 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 3 33 theme low-fat 610:616 arg1 diets 640:644 low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets 610:644 low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets 610:644 The aim of the present study was to investigate how two whole-grain barley varieties differing in dietary fibre and β-glucan content affected caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and some plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets. 25864430 2 34 theme metabolic 366:374 arg1 effects 376:382 extraintestinal metabolic effects 350:382 extraintestinal metabolic effects 350:382 Propionic and butyric acids have been found to play an important role in colonic health, as well as they may have extraintestinal metabolic effects. 25864430 0 35 theme barley 27:32 arg1 varieties 34:42 two whole-grain barley varieties 11:42 two whole-grain barley varieties 11:42 Effects of two whole-grain barley varieties on caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low- and high-fat diets. 25864430 5 36 theme fragilis 1068:1075 arg1 group 1077:1081 the Bacteroides fragilis group 1052:1081 the Bacteroides fragilis group 1052:1081 Furthermore, whole-grain barley reduced plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, increased the caecal abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the Bacteroides fragilis group, but increased the number of Bifidobacterium only when dietary fat was consumed at a low level. 25864430 6 37 theme acids 1296:1300 arg1 acids 1296:1300 acetic and propionic acids 1275:1300 acetic and propionic acids 1275:1300 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 37 theme acids 1296:1300 arg1 acids 1334:1338 amino acids 1328:1338 amino acids 1328:1338 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 37 theme acids 1296:1300 arg1 pool 1267:1270 a higher caecal pool 1251:1270 a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids 1251:1300 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 37 theme acids 1296:1300 arg1 amounts 1351:1357 higher amounts 1344:1357 higher amounts of lipids 1344:1367 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 37 theme acids 1296:1300 arg1 concentrations 1310:1323 higher concentrations 1303:1323 higher concentrations of amino acids 1303:1338 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 37 theme acids 1296:1300 arg1 lipids 1362:1367 lipids 1362:1367 lipids 1362:1367 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 7 38 theme group 1682:1686 arg1 proportion 1625:1634 the proportion 1621:1634 the proportion of Bifidobacterium and the Clostridium leptum group 1621:1686 Interestingly, there was an increase in the caecal abundance of Akkermansia and the caecal pool of succinic acid, and a decrease in the proportion of Bifidobacterium and the Clostridium leptum group. 25864430 8 39 theme microbiota 1827:1836 arg1 composition 1838:1848 microbiota composition 1827:1848 microbiota composition 1827:1848 In summary, whole-grain barley decreased HF diet-induced inflammation, which was possibly related to the formation of SCFA and changes in microbiota composition. 25864430 9 40 theme plasma 1913:1918 arg1 levels 1932:1937 reduced plasma cholesterol levels 1905:1937 reduced plasma cholesterol levels 1905:1937 High β-glucan content in the diet was associated with reduced plasma cholesterol levels. 25864430 2 41 theme colonic 309:315 arg1 health 317:322 colonic health 309:322 colonic health 309:322 Propionic and butyric acids have been found to play an important role in colonic health, as well as they may have extraintestinal metabolic effects. 25864430 5 42 theme lipopolysaccharide-binding 915:940 arg1 protein 942:948 plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein 908:948 plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein 908:948 Furthermore, whole-grain barley reduced plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, increased the caecal abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the Bacteroides fragilis group, but increased the number of Bifidobacterium only when dietary fat was consumed at a low level. 25864430 7 43 theme Clostridium 1663:1673 arg1 group 1682:1686 the Clostridium leptum group 1659:1686 the Clostridium leptum group 1659:1686 Interestingly, there was an increase in the caecal abundance of Akkermansia and the caecal pool of succinic acid, and a decrease in the proportion of Bifidobacterium and the Clostridium leptum group. 25864430 4 44 theme LF 704:705 arg1 diets 714:718 the LF and HF diets 700:718 the LF and HF diets compared with those fed the control diet 700:759 Barley increased the caecal pool of SCFA in rats fed the LF and HF diets compared with those fed the control diet, and the effect was generally dependent on fibre content, an exception was butyric acid in the LF setting. 25864430 8 45 theme SCFA 1807:1810 arg1 formation 1794:1802 the formation 1790:1802 the formation of SCFA 1790:1810 In summary, whole-grain barley decreased HF diet-induced inflammation, which was possibly related to the formation of SCFA and changes in microbiota composition. 25864430 8 45 theme SCFA 1807:1810 arg1 changes 1816:1822 changes 1816:1822 changes in microbiota composition 1816:1848 In summary, whole-grain barley decreased HF diet-induced inflammation, which was possibly related to the formation of SCFA and changes in microbiota composition. 25864430 3 46 theme study 408:412 arg1 aim 389:391 The aim 385:391 The aim of the present study 385:412 The aim of the present study was to investigate how two whole-grain barley varieties differing in dietary fibre and β-glucan content affected caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and some plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets. 25864430 4 47 theme HF 711:712 arg1 diets 714:718 the LF and HF diets 700:718 the LF and HF diets compared with those fed the control diet 700:759 Barley increased the caecal pool of SCFA in rats fed the LF and HF diets compared with those fed the control diet, and the effect was generally dependent on fibre content, an exception was butyric acid in the LF setting. 25864430 6 48 theme propionic 1286:1294 arg1 acids 1296:1300 acetic and propionic acids 1275:1300 acetic and propionic acids 1275:1300 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 5 49 theme whole-grain 881:891 arg1 barley 893:898 whole-grain barley 881:898 whole-grain barley 881:898 Furthermore, whole-grain barley reduced plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, increased the caecal abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the Bacteroides fragilis group, but increased the number of Bifidobacterium only when dietary fat was consumed at a low level. 25864430 9 50 from content 1865:1871 arg1 diet 1880:1883 the diet 1876:1883 the diet 1876:1883 High β-glucan content in the diet was associated with reduced plasma cholesterol levels. 25864430 3 51 theme barley 453:458 arg1 varieties 460:468 two whole-grain barley varieties 437:468 two whole-grain barley varieties differing in dietary fibre and β-glucan content 437:516 The aim of the present study was to investigate how two whole-grain barley varieties differing in dietary fibre and β-glucan content affected caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and some plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets. 25864430 6 52 theme higher 1344:1349 arg1 acids 1296:1300 acetic and propionic acids 1275:1300 acetic and propionic acids 1275:1300 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 52 theme higher 1344:1349 arg1 lipids 1362:1367 lipids 1362:1367 lipids 1362:1367 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 52 theme higher 1344:1349 arg1 acids 1334:1338 amino acids 1328:1338 amino acids 1328:1338 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 52 theme higher 1344:1349 arg1 amounts 1351:1357 higher amounts 1344:1357 higher amounts of lipids 1344:1367 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 4 53 from acid 844:847 arg1 setting 859:865 the LF setting 852:865 the LF setting 852:865 Barley increased the caecal pool of SCFA in rats fed the LF and HF diets compared with those fed the control diet, and the effect was generally dependent on fibre content, an exception was butyric acid in the LF setting. 25864430 6 54 dep plasma 1383:1388 arg1 the 1372:1374 the 1372:1374 the 1372:1374 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 8 55 theme whole-grain 1701:1711 arg1 barley 1713:1718 whole-grain barley 1701:1718 whole-grain barley 1701:1718 In summary, whole-grain barley decreased HF diet-induced inflammation, which was possibly related to the formation of SCFA and changes in microbiota composition. 25864430 6 56 theme acids 1334:1338 arg1 acids 1296:1300 acetic and propionic acids 1275:1300 acetic and propionic acids 1275:1300 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 56 theme acids 1334:1338 arg1 acids 1334:1338 amino acids 1328:1338 amino acids 1328:1338 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 56 theme acids 1334:1338 arg1 pool 1267:1270 a higher caecal pool 1251:1270 a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids 1251:1300 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 56 theme acids 1334:1338 arg1 amounts 1351:1357 higher amounts 1344:1357 higher amounts of lipids 1344:1367 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 56 theme acids 1334:1338 arg1 concentrations 1310:1323 higher concentrations 1303:1323 higher concentrations of amino acids 1303:1338 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 56 theme acids 1334:1338 arg1 lipids 1362:1367 lipids 1362:1367 lipids 1362:1367 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 7 57 dep Clostridium 1663:1673 arg1 leptum 1675:1680 leptum 1675:1680 leptum 1675:1680 Interestingly, there was an increase in the caecal abundance of Akkermansia and the caecal pool of succinic acid, and a decrease in the proportion of Bifidobacterium and the Clostridium leptum group. 25864430 1 58 theme Mixed-linkage 150:162 arg1 β-glucans 164:172 Mixed-linkage β-glucans 150:172 Mixed-linkage β-glucans 150:172 Mixed-linkage β-glucans are fermented by the colon microbiota that give rise to SCFA. 25864430 6 59 theme caecal 1260:1265 arg1 pool 1267:1270 a higher caecal pool 1251:1270 a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids 1251:1300 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 8 60 theme diet-induced 1733:1744 arg1 inflammation 1746:1757 HF diet-induced inflammation 1730:1757 HF diet-induced inflammation 1730:1757 In summary, whole-grain barley decreased HF diet-induced inflammation, which was possibly related to the formation of SCFA and changes in microbiota composition. 25864430 3 61 theme caecal 527:532 arg1 SCFA 534:537 caecal SCFA 527:537 caecal SCFA 527:537 The aim of the present study was to investigate how two whole-grain barley varieties differing in dietary fibre and β-glucan content affected caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and some plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets. 25864430 4 62 theme control 748:754 arg1 diet 756:759 the control diet 744:759 the control diet 744:759 Barley increased the caecal pool of SCFA in rats fed the LF and HF diets compared with those fed the control diet, and the effect was generally dependent on fibre content, an exception was butyric acid in the LF setting. 25864430 7 63 theme acid 1597:1600 arg1 pool 1580:1583 the caecal pool 1569:1583 the caecal pool of succinic acid 1569:1600 Interestingly, there was an increase in the caecal abundance of Akkermansia and the caecal pool of succinic acid, and a decrease in the proportion of Bifidobacterium and the Clostridium leptum group. 25864430 7 63 theme acid 1597:1600 arg1 abundance 1540:1548 the caecal abundance 1529:1548 the caecal abundance of Akkermansia 1529:1563 Interestingly, there was an increase in the caecal abundance of Akkermansia and the caecal pool of succinic acid, and a decrease in the proportion of Bifidobacterium and the Clostridium leptum group. 25864430 6 64 theme HF 1238:1239 arg1 diets 1241:1245 the HF diets 1234:1245 the HF diets 1234:1245 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 4 65 theme fibre 804:808 arg1 content 810:816 fibre content 804:816 fibre content 804:816 Barley increased the caecal pool of SCFA in rats fed the LF and HF diets compared with those fed the control diet, and the effect was generally dependent on fibre content, an exception was butyric acid in the LF setting. 25864430 0 66 from microbiota 64:73 arg1 rats 110:113 rats 110:113 rats consuming low- and high-fat diets 110:147 Effects of two whole-grain barley varieties on caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low- and high-fat diets. 25864430 0 67 theme low- 125:128 arg1 diets 143:147 low- and high-fat diets 125:147 low- and high-fat diets 125:147 Effects of two whole-grain barley varieties on caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low- and high-fat diets. 25864430 6 68 theme portal 1376:1381 arg1 plasma 1383:1388 portal plasma 1376:1388 portal plasma 1376:1388 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 1 69 theme colon 195:199 arg1 microbiota 201:210 the colon microbiota 191:210 the colon microbiota that give rise to SCFA 191:233 Mixed-linkage β-glucans are fermented by the colon microbiota that give rise to SCFA. 25864430 6 70 theme higher 1253:1258 arg1 pool 1267:1270 a higher caecal pool 1251:1270 a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids 1251:1300 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 0 71 theme high-fat 134:141 arg1 diets 143:147 low- and high-fat diets 125:147 low- and high-fat diets 125:147 Effects of two whole-grain barley varieties on caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low- and high-fat diets. 25864430 2 72 contain have 345:348 arg2 effects 376:382 extraintestinal metabolic effects 350:382 extraintestinal metabolic effects 350:382 Propionic and butyric acids have been found to play an important role in colonic health, as well as they may have extraintestinal metabolic effects. 25864430 2 72 contain have 345:348 arg1 they 336:339 they 336:339 they 336:339 Propionic and butyric acids have been found to play an important role in colonic health, as well as they may have extraintestinal metabolic effects. 25864430 0 73 from markers 99:105 arg1 rats 110:113 rats 110:113 rats consuming low- and high-fat diets 110:147 Effects of two whole-grain barley varieties on caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low- and high-fat diets. 25864430 7 74 from increase 1517:1524 arg1 pool 1580:1583 the caecal pool 1569:1583 the caecal pool of succinic acid 1569:1600 Interestingly, there was an increase in the caecal abundance of Akkermansia and the caecal pool of succinic acid, and a decrease in the proportion of Bifidobacterium and the Clostridium leptum group. 25864430 7 74 from increase 1517:1524 arg1 proportion 1625:1634 the proportion 1621:1634 the proportion of Bifidobacterium and the Clostridium leptum group 1621:1686 Interestingly, there was an increase in the caecal abundance of Akkermansia and the caecal pool of succinic acid, and a decrease in the proportion of Bifidobacterium and the Clostridium leptum group. 25864430 7 74 from increase 1517:1524 arg1 abundance 1540:1548 the caecal abundance 1529:1548 the caecal abundance of Akkermansia 1529:1563 Interestingly, there was an increase in the caecal abundance of Akkermansia and the caecal pool of succinic acid, and a decrease in the proportion of Bifidobacterium and the Clostridium leptum group. 25864430 3 75 theme inflammatory 571:582 arg1 markers 584:590 some plasma inflammatory markers 559:590 some plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets 559:644 The aim of the present study was to investigate how two whole-grain barley varieties differing in dietary fibre and β-glucan content affected caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and some plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets. 25864430 7 76 theme succinic 1588:1595 arg1 acid 1597:1600 succinic acid 1588:1600 succinic acid 1588:1600 Interestingly, there was an increase in the caecal abundance of Akkermansia and the caecal pool of succinic acid, and a decrease in the proportion of Bifidobacterium and the Clostridium leptum group. 25864430 6 77 theme acetic 1275:1280 arg1 acids 1296:1300 acetic and propionic acids 1275:1300 acetic and propionic acids 1275:1300 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 5 78 theme chemoattractant 963:977 arg1 protein-1 979:987 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 954:987 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 954:987 Furthermore, whole-grain barley reduced plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, increased the caecal abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the Bacteroides fragilis group, but increased the number of Bifidobacterium only when dietary fat was consumed at a low level. 25864430 6 79 theme LF 1418:1419 arg1 diets 1421:1425 the LF diets 1414:1425 the LF diets 1414:1425 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 4 80 theme LF 856:857 arg1 setting 859:865 the LF setting 852:865 the LF setting 852:865 Barley increased the caecal pool of SCFA in rats fed the LF and HF diets compared with those fed the control diet, and the effect was generally dependent on fibre content, an exception was butyric acid in the LF setting. 25864430 0 81 theme plasma 79:84 arg1 markers 99:105 plasma inflammatory markers 79:105 plasma inflammatory markers 79:105 Effects of two whole-grain barley varieties on caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low- and high-fat diets. 25864430 5 82 theme Bacteroides 1056:1066 arg1 group 1077:1081 the Bacteroides fragilis group 1052:1081 the Bacteroides fragilis group 1052:1081 Furthermore, whole-grain barley reduced plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, increased the caecal abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the Bacteroides fragilis group, but increased the number of Bifidobacterium only when dietary fat was consumed at a low level. 25864430 7 83 theme Akkermansia 1553:1563 arg1 pool 1580:1583 the caecal pool 1569:1583 the caecal pool of succinic acid 1569:1600 Interestingly, there was an increase in the caecal abundance of Akkermansia and the caecal pool of succinic acid, and a decrease in the proportion of Bifidobacterium and the Clostridium leptum group. 25864430 7 83 theme Akkermansia 1553:1563 arg1 abundance 1540:1548 the caecal abundance 1529:1548 the caecal abundance of Akkermansia 1529:1563 Interestingly, there was an increase in the caecal abundance of Akkermansia and the caecal pool of succinic acid, and a decrease in the proportion of Bifidobacterium and the Clostridium leptum group. 25864430 9 84 theme β-glucan 1856:1863 arg1 content 1865:1871 High β-glucan content 1851:1871 High β-glucan content in the diet 1851:1883 High β-glucan content in the diet was associated with reduced plasma cholesterol levels. 25864430 4 85 theme SCFA 683:686 arg1 pool 675:678 the caecal pool 664:678 the caecal pool of SCFA 664:686 Barley increased the caecal pool of SCFA in rats fed the LF and HF diets compared with those fed the control diet, and the effect was generally dependent on fibre content, an exception was butyric acid in the LF setting. 25864430 4 86 theme butyric 836:842 arg1 exception 822:830 an exception 819:830 an exception 819:830 Barley increased the caecal pool of SCFA in rats fed the LF and HF diets compared with those fed the control diet, and the effect was generally dependent on fibre content, an exception was butyric acid in the LF setting. 25864430 4 86 theme butyric 836:842 arg1 acid 844:847 butyric acid 836:847 butyric acid in the LF setting 836:865 Barley increased the caecal pool of SCFA in rats fed the LF and HF diets compared with those fed the control diet, and the effect was generally dependent on fibre content, an exception was butyric acid in the LF setting. 25864430 6 87 theme amino 1328:1332 arg1 acids 1334:1338 amino acids 1328:1338 amino acids 1328:1338 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 5 88 theme Lactobacillus 1024:1036 arg1 abundance 1011:1019 the caecal abundance 1000:1019 the caecal abundance of Lactobacillus 1000:1036 Furthermore, whole-grain barley reduced plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, increased the caecal abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the Bacteroides fragilis group, but increased the number of Bifidobacterium only when dietary fat was consumed at a low level. 25864430 0 89 theme whole-grain 15:25 arg1 varieties 34:42 two whole-grain barley varieties 11:42 two whole-grain barley varieties 11:42 Effects of two whole-grain barley varieties on caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low- and high-fat diets. 25864430 6 90 theme butyric 1453:1459 arg1 acid 1461:1464 butyric acid 1453:1464 butyric acid 1453:1464 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 3 91 from microbiota 544:553 arg1 rats 595:598 rats 595:598 rats consuming low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets 595:644 The aim of the present study was to investigate how two whole-grain barley varieties differing in dietary fibre and β-glucan content affected caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and some plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets. 25864430 0 92 theme varieties 34:42 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of two whole-grain barley varieties on caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low- and high-fat diets. 0:148 Effects of two whole-grain barley varieties on caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low- and high-fat diets. 25864430 9 93 theme reduced 1905:1911 arg1 levels 1932:1937 reduced plasma cholesterol levels 1905:1937 reduced plasma cholesterol levels 1905:1937 High β-glucan content in the diet was associated with reduced plasma cholesterol levels. 25864430 2 94 theme extraintestinal 350:364 arg1 effects 376:382 extraintestinal metabolic effects 350:382 extraintestinal metabolic effects 350:382 Propionic and butyric acids have been found to play an important role in colonic health, as well as they may have extraintestinal metabolic effects. 25864430 0 95 theme caecal 47:52 arg1 SCFA 54:57 caecal SCFA 47:57 caecal SCFA 47:57 Effects of two whole-grain barley varieties on caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low- and high-fat diets. 25864430 5 96 theme plasma 908:913 arg1 protein 942:948 plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein 908:948 plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein 908:948 Furthermore, whole-grain barley reduced plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, increased the caecal abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the Bacteroides fragilis group, but increased the number of Bifidobacterium only when dietary fat was consumed at a low level. 25864430 9 97 theme cholesterol 1920:1930 arg1 levels 1932:1937 reduced plasma cholesterol levels 1905:1937 reduced plasma cholesterol levels 1905:1937 High β-glucan content in the diet was associated with reduced plasma cholesterol levels. 25864430 3 98 theme whole-grain 441:451 arg1 varieties 460:468 two whole-grain barley varieties 437:468 two whole-grain barley varieties differing in dietary fibre and β-glucan content 437:516 The aim of the present study was to investigate how two whole-grain barley varieties differing in dietary fibre and β-glucan content affected caecal SCFA, gut microbiota and some plasma inflammatory markers in rats consuming low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets. 25864430 2 99 theme important 291:299 arg1 role 301:304 an important role 288:304 an important role 288:304 Propionic and butyric acids have been found to play an important role in colonic health, as well as they may have extraintestinal metabolic effects. 25864430 6 100 theme lipids 1362:1367 arg1 acids 1296:1300 acetic and propionic acids 1275:1300 acetic and propionic acids 1275:1300 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 100 theme lipids 1362:1367 arg1 acids 1334:1338 amino acids 1328:1338 amino acids 1328:1338 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 100 theme lipids 1362:1367 arg1 pool 1267:1270 a higher caecal pool 1251:1270 a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids 1251:1300 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 100 theme lipids 1362:1367 arg1 amounts 1351:1357 higher amounts 1344:1357 higher amounts of lipids 1344:1367 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 100 theme lipids 1362:1367 arg1 concentrations 1310:1323 higher concentrations 1303:1323 higher concentrations of amino acids 1303:1338 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 6 100 theme lipids 1362:1367 arg1 lipids 1362:1367 lipids 1362:1367 lipids 1362:1367 Fat content influenced the effects of barley: rats fed the HF diets had a higher caecal pool of acetic and propionic acids, higher concentrations of amino acids and higher amounts of lipids in the portal plasma and liver than rats fed the LF diets; however, less amounts of butyric acid were generally formed. 25864430 7 101 from decrease 1609:1616 arg1 pool 1580:1583 the caecal pool 1569:1583 the caecal pool of succinic acid 1569:1600 Interestingly, there was an increase in the caecal abundance of Akkermansia and the caecal pool of succinic acid, and a decrease in the proportion of Bifidobacterium and the Clostridium leptum group. 25864430 7 101 from decrease 1609:1616 arg1 abundance 1540:1548 the caecal abundance 1529:1548 the caecal abundance of Akkermansia 1529:1563 Interestingly, there was an increase in the caecal abundance of Akkermansia and the caecal pool of succinic acid, and a decrease in the proportion of Bifidobacterium and the Clostridium leptum group. 25864430 7 101 from decrease 1609:1616 arg1 proportion 1625:1634 the proportion 1621:1634 the proportion of Bifidobacterium and the Clostridium leptum group 1621:1686 Interestingly, there was an increase in the caecal abundance of Akkermansia and the caecal pool of succinic acid, and a decrease in the proportion of Bifidobacterium and the Clostridium leptum group. 25875119 2 0 theme trans 780:784 arg1 fats 786:789 saturated and trans fats 766:789 saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24% 766:817 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 4 1 theme impaired 1112:1119 arg1 glucose 1121:1127 impaired glucose and insulin tolerance 1112:1149 glucose 1121:1127 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 1 2 theme fatty 352:356 arg1 fibre 283:287 fibre 283:287 fibre 283:287 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 2 theme fatty 352:356 arg1 protein 243:249 protein 243:249 protein (46.1% of dry algae) 243:270 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 2 theme fatty 352:356 arg1 minerals 311:318 minerals 311:318 minerals (3.7% of dry algae) 311:338 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 2 theme fatty 352:356 arg1 acids 358:362 omega-3 fatty acids 344:362 omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) 344:382 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 2 theme fatty 352:356 arg1 intervention 397:408 a dietary intervention 387:408 a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats 387:514 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 4 3 theme liver 1296:1300 arg1 disease 1302:1308 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 1277:1308 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 1277:1308 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 2 4 dep carbohydrates 668:680 arg1 fructose 717:724 25% fructose 713:724 25% fructose in drinking water 713:742 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 2 4 dep carbohydrates 668:680 arg1 sucrose 696:702 fructose and sucrose 683:702 sucrose 696:702 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 2 4 dep carbohydrates 668:680 arg1 fructose 683:690 fructose and sucrose 683:702 fructose 683:690 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 2 4 dep carbohydrates 668:680 arg1 carbohydrates 668:680 simple carbohydrates 661:680 simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) 661:754 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 2 4 dep carbohydrates 668:680 arg1 % 753:753 total 68% 745:753 total 68% 745:753 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 2 5 theme % 715:715 arg1 fructose 683:690 fructose and sucrose 683:702 fructose 683:690 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 2 5 theme % 715:715 arg1 fructose 717:724 25% fructose 713:724 25% fructose in drinking water 713:742 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 3 6 theme liver 972:976 arg1 disease 978:984 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 953:984 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 953:984 High carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats showed visceral obesity with hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular remodelling, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 25875119 2 7 theme other 620:624 arg1 groups 630:635 the other two groups 616:635 the other two groups 616:635 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 4 8 from infiltration 1177:1188 arg1 rats 1354:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 8 from infiltration 1177:1188 arg1 carbohydrate 1322:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 3 9 theme High 821:824 arg1 rats 853:856 High carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats 821:856 High carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats 821:856 High carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats showed visceral obesity with hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular remodelling, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 25875119 4 10 from dysfunction 1164:1174 arg1 rats 1354:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 10 from dysfunction 1164:1174 arg1 carbohydrate 1322:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 11 theme endothelial 1152:1162 arg1 dysfunction 1164:1174 endothelial dysfunction 1152:1174 endothelial dysfunction 1152:1174 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 1 12 theme dry 373:375 arg1 algae 377:381 dry algae 373:381 dry algae 373:381 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 13 theme dimorphus 188:196 arg1 mixture 165:171 a green algae mixture 151:171 a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats 151:514 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 4 14 theme fat 1341:1343 arg1 rats 1354:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 14 theme fat 1341:1343 arg1 carbohydrate 1322:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 1 15 theme Schroederiella 202:215 arg1 apiculata 217:225 Schroederiella apiculata 202:225 Schroederiella apiculata 202:225 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 16 dep protein 243:249 arg1 % 256:256 46.1% 252:256 46.1% of dry algae 252:269 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 16 dep protein 243:249 arg1 algae 265:269 dry algae 261:269 dry algae 261:269 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 17 contain containing 232:241 arg1 SC 228:229 SC 228:229 SC 228:229 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 17 contain containing 232:241 arg1 dimorphus 188:196 Scenedesmus dimorphus 176:196 Scenedesmus dimorphus 176:196 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 17 contain containing 232:241 arg2 fibre 283:287 fibre 283:287 fibre 283:287 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 17 contain containing 232:241 arg2 intervention 397:408 a dietary intervention 387:408 a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats 387:514 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 17 contain containing 232:241 arg2 acids 358:362 omega-3 fatty acids 344:362 omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) 344:382 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 17 contain containing 232:241 arg2 minerals 311:318 minerals 311:318 minerals (3.7% of dry algae) 311:338 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 17 contain containing 232:241 arg2 protein 243:249 protein 243:249 protein (46.1% of dry algae) 243:270 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 2 18 theme 68 572:573 arg1 % 574:574 % 574:574 % 574:574 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 4 19 from glucose 1121:1127 arg1 rats 1354:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 19 from glucose 1121:1127 arg1 carbohydrate 1322:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 1 20 theme algae 333:337 arg1 % 324:324 3.7% 321:324 3.7% of dry algae 321:337 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 20 theme algae 333:337 arg1 algae 333:337 dry algae 329:337 dry algae 329:337 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 3 21 with obesity 874:880 arg1 disease 978:984 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 953:984 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 953:984 High carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats showed visceral obesity with hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular remodelling, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 25875119 3 21 with obesity 874:880 arg1 hypertension 887:898 hypertension 887:898 hypertension 887:898 High carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats showed visceral obesity with hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular remodelling, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 25875119 3 21 with obesity 874:880 arg1 resistance 909:918 insulin resistance 901:918 insulin resistance 901:918 High carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats showed visceral obesity with hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular remodelling, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 25875119 3 21 with obesity 874:880 arg1 remodelling 936:946 cardiovascular remodelling 921:946 cardiovascular remodelling 921:946 High carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats showed visceral obesity with hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular remodelling, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 25875119 2 22 theme saturated 766:774 arg1 fats 786:789 saturated and trans fats 766:789 saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24% 766:817 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 1 23 theme Wistar 504:509 arg1 rats 511:514 male Wistar rats 499:514 male Wistar rats 499:514 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 0 24 theme metabolic 82:90 arg1 syndrome 92:99 obesity-linked metabolic syndrome 67:99 obesity-linked metabolic syndrome in rats 67:107 A green algae mixture of Scenedesmus and Schroederiella attenuates obesity-linked metabolic syndrome in rats. 25875119 1 25 theme dry 299:301 arg1 algae 303:307 dry algae 299:307 dry algae 299:307 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 3 26 theme fat-fed 845:851 arg1 rats 853:856 High carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats 821:856 High carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats 821:856 High carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats showed visceral obesity with hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular remodelling, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 25875119 1 27 theme algae 159:163 arg1 mixture 165:171 a green algae mixture 151:171 a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats 151:514 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 4 28 from hypertension 1098:1109 arg1 rats 1354:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 28 from hypertension 1098:1109 arg1 carbohydrate 1322:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 2 29 from high 653:656 arg1 fats 760:763 fats 760:763 fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%) 760:818 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 2 29 from high 653:656 arg1 fructose 683:690 fructose and sucrose 683:702 fructose 683:690 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 2 29 from high 653:656 arg1 sucrose 696:702 fructose and sucrose 683:702 sucrose 696:702 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 2 29 from high 653:656 arg1 carbohydrates 668:680 simple carbohydrates 661:680 simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) 661:754 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 4 30 theme cells 1206:1210 arg1 hypertension 1098:1109 hypertension 1098:1109 hypertension 1098:1109 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 30 theme cells 1206:1210 arg1 fibrosis 1234:1241 fibrosis 1234:1241 fibrosis 1234:1241 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 30 theme cells 1206:1210 arg1 dysfunction 1164:1174 endothelial dysfunction 1152:1174 endothelial dysfunction 1152:1174 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 30 theme cells 1206:1210 arg1 glucose 1121:1127 impaired glucose and insulin tolerance 1112:1149 glucose 1121:1127 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 30 theme cells 1206:1210 arg1 disease 1302:1308 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 1277:1308 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 1277:1308 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 30 theme cells 1206:1210 arg1 stiffness 1262:1270 increased cardiac stiffness 1244:1270 increased cardiac stiffness 1244:1270 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 30 theme cells 1206:1210 arg1 infiltration 1177:1188 infiltration 1177:1188 infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver 1177:1231 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 30 theme cells 1206:1210 arg1 tolerance 1141:1149 impaired glucose and insulin tolerance 1112:1149 tolerance 1141:1149 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 31 from fibrosis 1234:1241 arg1 rats 1354:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 31 from fibrosis 1234:1241 arg1 carbohydrate 1322:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 5 32 theme metabolic 1449:1457 arg1 syndrome 1459:1466 reverse diet-induced metabolic syndrome 1428:1466 reverse diet-induced metabolic syndrome 1428:1466 This study suggests that the insoluble fibre or protein in SC helps reverse diet-induced metabolic syndrome. 25875119 1 33 dep fibre 283:287 arg1 % 294:294 19.6% 290:294 19.6% of dry algae 290:307 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 33 dep fibre 283:287 arg1 algae 303:307 dry algae 299:307 dry algae 299:307 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 2 34 theme corn 544:547 arg1 diet 556:559 a corn starch diet 542:559 a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides 542:607 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 1 35 theme fat 439:441 arg1 syndrome 466:473 high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome 434:473 high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats 434:514 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 36 theme dry 261:263 arg1 algae 265:269 dry algae 261:269 dry algae 261:269 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 37 theme metabolic 456:464 arg1 syndrome 466:473 high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome 434:473 high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats 434:514 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 0 38 theme algae 8:12 arg1 mixture 14:20 A green algae mixture 0:20 A green algae mixture of Scenedesmus and Schroederiella 0:54 A green algae mixture of Scenedesmus and Schroederiella attenuates obesity-linked metabolic syndrome in rats. 25875119 3 39 theme insulin 901:907 arg1 resistance 909:918 insulin resistance 901:918 insulin resistance 901:918 High carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats showed visceral obesity with hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular remodelling, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 25875119 2 40 theme drinking 729:736 arg1 water 738:742 drinking water 729:742 drinking water 729:742 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 4 41 theme fat 1052:1054 arg1 mass 1056:1059 total body and abdominal fat mass 1027:1059 mass 1056:1059 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 42 theme increased 1244:1252 arg1 stiffness 1262:1270 increased cardiac stiffness 1244:1270 increased cardiac stiffness 1244:1270 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 0 43 link obesity-linked 67:80 arg1 syndrome 92:99 obesity-linked metabolic syndrome 67:99 obesity-linked metabolic syndrome in rats 67:107 A green algae mixture of Scenedesmus and Schroederiella attenuates obesity-linked metabolic syndrome in rats. 25875119 2 44 theme simple 661:666 arg1 sucrose 696:702 fructose and sucrose 683:702 sucrose 696:702 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 2 44 theme simple 661:666 arg1 fructose 683:690 fructose and sucrose 683:702 fructose 683:690 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 2 44 theme simple 661:666 arg1 carbohydrates 668:680 simple carbohydrates 661:680 simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) 661:754 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 4 45 theme total 1027:1031 arg1 body 1033:1036 total body and abdominal fat mass 1027:1059 body 1033:1036 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 1 46 theme dietary 389:395 arg1 fibre 283:287 fibre 283:287 fibre 283:287 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 46 theme dietary 389:395 arg1 protein 243:249 protein 243:249 protein (46.1% of dry algae) 243:270 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 46 theme dietary 389:395 arg1 minerals 311:318 minerals 311:318 minerals (3.7% of dry algae) 311:338 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 46 theme dietary 389:395 arg1 acids 358:362 omega-3 fatty acids 344:362 omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) 344:382 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 46 theme dietary 389:395 arg1 intervention 397:408 a dietary intervention 387:408 a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats 387:514 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 2 47 theme high 653:656 arg1 diet 648:651 a diet 646:651 a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%) 646:818 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 4 48 from disease 1302:1308 arg1 rats 1354:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 48 from disease 1302:1308 arg1 carbohydrate 1322:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 49 theme fatty 1290:1294 arg1 disease 1302:1308 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 1277:1308 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 1277:1308 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 50 dep supplementation 990:1004 arg1 food 1013:1016 food 1013:1016 food 1013:1016 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 50 dep supplementation 990:1004 arg1 % 1008:1008 5% 1007:1008 5% of food 1007:1016 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 3 51 theme fatty 966:970 arg1 disease 978:984 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 953:984 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 953:984 High carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats showed visceral obesity with hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular remodelling, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 25875119 1 52 theme high 415:418 arg1 carbohydrate 420:431 a high carbohydrate 413:431 a high carbohydrate 413:431 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 52 theme high 415:418 arg1 model 475:479 high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model 434:479 high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats 434:514 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 2 53 theme 25 713:714 arg1 % 715:715 % 715:715 % 715:715 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 4 54 theme lean 1072:1075 arg1 mass 1077:1080 lean mass 1072:1080 lean mass 1072:1080 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 5 55 from fibre 1399:1403 arg1 SC 1419:1420 SC 1419:1420 SC 1419:1420 This study suggests that the insoluble fibre or protein in SC helps reverse diet-induced metabolic syndrome. 25875119 4 56 theme high 1336:1339 arg1 rats 1354:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 56 theme high 1336:1339 arg1 carbohydrate 1322:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 1 57 theme Scenedesmus 176:186 arg1 SC 228:229 SC 228:229 SC 228:229 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 57 theme Scenedesmus 176:186 arg1 dimorphus 188:196 Scenedesmus dimorphus 176:196 Scenedesmus dimorphus 176:196 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 58 theme algae 377:381 arg1 % 368:368 2.8% 365:368 2.8% of dry algae 365:381 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 58 theme algae 377:381 arg1 algae 377:381 dry algae 373:381 dry algae 373:381 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 4 59 theme diet-fed 1345:1352 arg1 rats 1354:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 59 theme diet-fed 1345:1352 arg1 carbohydrate 1322:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 2 60 from sucrose 696:702 arg1 food 707:710 food 707:710 food 707:710 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 0 61 from syndrome 92:99 arg1 rats 104:107 rats 104:107 rats 104:107 A green algae mixture of Scenedesmus and Schroederiella attenuates obesity-linked metabolic syndrome in rats. 25875119 4 62 from tolerance 1141:1149 arg1 rats 1354:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 62 from tolerance 1141:1149 arg1 carbohydrate 1322:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 63 theme nonalcoholic 1277:1288 arg1 disease 1302:1308 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 1277:1308 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 1277:1308 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 1 64 theme apiculata 217:225 arg1 mixture 165:171 a green algae mixture 151:171 a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats 151:514 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 5 65 from SC 1419:1420 arg1 fibre 1399:1403 fibre 1399:1403 fibre 1399:1403 This study suggests that the insoluble fibre or protein in SC helps reverse diet-induced metabolic syndrome. 25875119 1 66 from model 475:479 arg1 groups 489:494 four groups 484:494 four groups of male Wistar rats 484:514 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 66 from model 475:479 arg1 rats 511:514 male Wistar rats 499:514 male Wistar rats 499:514 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 2 67 theme % 574:574 arg1 polysaccharides 593:607 polysaccharides 593:607 polysaccharides 593:607 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 2 67 theme % 574:574 arg1 carbohydrates 576:588 68% carbohydrates 572:588 68% carbohydrates 572:588 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 2 68 dep fats 760:763 arg1 fats 786:789 saturated and trans fats 766:789 saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24% 766:817 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 1 69 theme dry 329:331 arg1 algae 333:337 dry algae 329:337 dry algae 329:337 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 4 70 theme SC 987:988 arg1 supplementation 990:1004 SC supplementation 987:1004 SC supplementation (5% of food) 987:1017 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 71 theme insulin 1133:1139 arg1 tolerance 1141:1149 impaired glucose and insulin tolerance 1112:1149 tolerance 1141:1149 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 2 72 from fructose 717:724 arg1 water 738:742 drinking water 729:742 drinking water 729:742 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 0 73 theme obesity-linked 67:80 arg1 syndrome 92:99 obesity-linked metabolic syndrome 67:99 obesity-linked metabolic syndrome in rats 67:107 A green algae mixture of Scenedesmus and Schroederiella attenuates obesity-linked metabolic syndrome in rats. 25875119 1 74 dep acids 358:362 arg1 % 368:368 2.8% 365:368 2.8% of dry algae 365:381 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 74 dep acids 358:362 arg1 algae 377:381 dry algae 373:381 dry algae 373:381 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 2 75 from tallow 801:806 arg1 fats 786:789 saturated and trans fats 766:789 saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24% 766:817 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 1 76 theme male 499:502 arg1 rats 511:514 male Wistar rats 499:514 male Wistar rats 499:514 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 77 theme green 153:157 arg1 algae 159:163 a green algae 151:163 a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats 151:514 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 4 78 theme food 1013:1016 arg1 food 1013:1016 food 1013:1016 food 1013:1016 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 78 theme food 1013:1016 arg1 % 1008:1008 5% 1007:1008 5% of food 1007:1016 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 1 79 theme rats 511:514 arg1 groups 489:494 four groups 484:494 four groups of male Wistar rats 484:514 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 79 theme rats 511:514 arg1 rats 511:514 male Wistar rats 499:514 male Wistar rats 499:514 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 80 theme algae 303:307 arg1 % 294:294 19.6% 290:294 19.6% of dry algae 290:307 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 80 theme algae 303:307 arg1 algae 303:307 dry algae 299:307 dry algae 299:307 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 3 81 theme carbohydrate 826:837 arg1 rats 853:856 High carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats 821:856 High carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats 821:856 High carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats showed visceral obesity with hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular remodelling, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 25875119 2 82 theme beef 796:799 arg1 tallow 801:806 beef tallow 796:806 beef tallow 796:806 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 2 83 dep total 809:813 arg1 % 817:817 24% 815:817 24% 815:817 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 3 84 theme visceral 865:872 arg1 obesity 874:880 visceral obesity 865:880 visceral obesity with hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular remodelling, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 865:984 High carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats showed visceral obesity with hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular remodelling, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 25875119 4 85 theme inflammatory 1193:1204 arg1 cells 1206:1210 inflammatory cells 1193:1210 inflammatory cells 1193:1210 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 2 86 theme starch 549:554 arg1 diet 556:559 a corn starch diet 542:559 a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides 542:607 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 1 87 theme high 434:437 arg1 syndrome 466:473 high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome 434:473 high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats 434:514 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 4 88 theme cardiac 1254:1260 arg1 stiffness 1262:1270 increased cardiac stiffness 1244:1270 increased cardiac stiffness 1244:1270 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 0 89 theme green 2:6 arg1 algae 8:12 A green algae 0:12 A green algae mixture of Scenedesmus and Schroederiella 0:54 A green algae mixture of Scenedesmus and Schroederiella attenuates obesity-linked metabolic syndrome in rats. 25875119 1 90 from intervention 397:408 arg1 carbohydrate 420:431 a high carbohydrate 413:431 a high carbohydrate 413:431 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 90 from intervention 397:408 arg1 model 475:479 high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model 434:479 high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats 434:514 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 2 91 from fats 760:763 arg1 high 653:656 high 653:656 high 653:656 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 2 92 theme total 745:749 arg1 % 753:753 total 68% 745:753 total 68% 745:753 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 2 92 theme total 745:749 arg1 fructose 683:690 fructose and sucrose 683:702 fructose 683:690 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 2 93 from carbohydrates 668:680 arg1 high 653:656 high 653:656 high 653:656 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 1 94 theme diet-induced 443:454 arg1 syndrome 466:473 high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome 434:473 high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats 434:514 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 2 95 theme total 809:813 arg1 tallow 801:806 beef tallow 796:806 beef tallow 796:806 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 1 96 theme algae 265:269 arg1 % 256:256 46.1% 252:256 46.1% of dry algae 252:269 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 96 theme algae 265:269 arg1 algae 265:269 dry algae 261:269 dry algae 261:269 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 2 97 from fructose 683:690 arg1 food 707:710 food 707:710 food 707:710 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 1 98 theme syndrome 466:473 arg1 carbohydrate 420:431 a high carbohydrate 413:431 a high carbohydrate 413:431 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 98 theme syndrome 466:473 arg1 model 475:479 high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model 434:479 high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats 434:514 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 0 99 theme Scenedesmus 25:35 arg1 mixture 14:20 A green algae mixture 0:20 A green algae mixture of Scenedesmus and Schroederiella 0:54 A green algae mixture of Scenedesmus and Schroederiella attenuates obesity-linked metabolic syndrome in rats. 25875119 1 100 dep minerals 311:318 arg1 % 324:324 3.7% 321:324 3.7% of dry algae 321:337 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 1 100 dep minerals 311:318 arg1 algae 333:337 dry algae 329:337 dry algae 329:337 This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. 25875119 5 101 theme diet-induced 1436:1447 arg1 syndrome 1459:1466 reverse diet-induced metabolic syndrome 1428:1466 reverse diet-induced metabolic syndrome 1428:1466 This study suggests that the insoluble fibre or protein in SC helps reverse diet-induced metabolic syndrome. 25875119 0 102 theme Schroederiella 41:54 arg1 mixture 14:20 A green algae mixture 0:20 A green algae mixture of Scenedesmus and Schroederiella 0:54 A green algae mixture of Scenedesmus and Schroederiella attenuates obesity-linked metabolic syndrome in rats. 25875119 3 103 theme cardiovascular 921:934 arg1 remodelling 936:946 cardiovascular remodelling 921:946 cardiovascular remodelling 921:946 High carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats showed visceral obesity with hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular remodelling, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 25875119 5 104 theme reverse 1428:1434 arg1 syndrome 1459:1466 reverse diet-induced metabolic syndrome 1428:1466 reverse diet-induced metabolic syndrome 1428:1466 This study suggests that the insoluble fibre or protein in SC helps reverse diet-induced metabolic syndrome. 25875119 4 105 theme abdominal 1042:1050 arg1 mass 1056:1059 total body and abdominal fat mass 1027:1059 mass 1056:1059 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 106 theme high 1317:1320 arg1 rats 1354:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 106 theme high 1317:1320 arg1 carbohydrate 1322:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 107 from stiffness 1262:1270 arg1 rats 1354:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 high fat diet-fed rats 1336:1357 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 4 107 from stiffness 1262:1270 arg1 carbohydrate 1322:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 the high carbohydrate 1313:1333 SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. 25875119 3 108 theme nonalcoholic 953:964 arg1 disease 978:984 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 953:984 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 953:984 High carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats showed visceral obesity with hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular remodelling, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 25875119 2 109 contain containing 561:570 arg1 diet 556:559 a corn starch diet 542:559 a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides 542:607 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 2 109 contain containing 561:570 arg2 polysaccharides 593:607 polysaccharides 593:607 polysaccharides 593:607 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 2 109 contain containing 561:570 arg2 carbohydrates 576:588 68% carbohydrates 572:588 68% carbohydrates 572:588 Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). 25875119 3 110 dep carbohydrate 826:837 arg1 high 840:843 high 840:843 high 840:843 High carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats showed visceral obesity with hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular remodelling, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 27766021 13 0 theme DHEA 2680:2683 arg1 capacity 2707:2714 the DHEA supplement absorptive capacity 2676:2714 the DHEA supplement absorptive capacity in young-adult mice 2676:2734 Therefore, WBV training could inhibit DHEA supplementation to synthesis the testosterone level or may decrease the DHEA supplement absorptive capacity in young-adult mice. 27766021 4 1 theme fatigue-related 874:888 arg1 responses 902:910 fatigue-related biochemical responses 874:910 fatigue-related biochemical responses 874:910 The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on body composition, exercise performance, and physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in young-adult C57BL/6 mice. 27766021 8 2 dep contents 1814:1821 arg1 liver 1824:1828 liver 1824:1828 liver 1824:1828 Six-week DHEA supplementation alone significantly increased mice body weight (BW), muscle weight, testosterone level, and glycogen contents (liver and muscle) when compared with SC group. 27766021 8 2 dep contents 1814:1821 arg1 contents 1814:1821 glycogen contents 1805:1821 glycogen contents (liver and muscle) 1805:1840 Six-week DHEA supplementation alone significantly increased mice body weight (BW), muscle weight, testosterone level, and glycogen contents (liver and muscle) when compared with SC group. 27766021 8 2 dep contents 1814:1821 arg1 muscle 1834:1839 muscle 1834:1839 muscle 1834:1839 Six-week DHEA supplementation alone significantly increased mice body weight (BW), muscle weight, testosterone level, and glycogen contents (liver and muscle) when compared with SC group. 27766021 11 3 theme glycogen 2377:2384 arg1 content 2386:2392 glycogen content 2377:2392 glycogen content 2377:2392 Although DHEA supplementation alone had no beneficial effect in the exercise performance of mice, the BW, testosterone level and glycogen content significantly increased. 27766021 2 4 theme well-known 347:356 arg1 vibration 326:334 Whole-body vibration 315:334 Whole-body vibration (WBV) 315:340 Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults. 27766021 2 4 theme well-known 347:356 arg1 exercise 375:382 a well-known light-resistance exercise 345:382 a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults 345:533 Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults. 27766021 6 5 theme Exercise 1294:1301 arg1 performance 1303:1313 Exercise performance 1294:1313 Exercise performance 1294:1313 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 12 6 theme glycogen 2516:2523 arg1 content 2525:2531 glycogen content 2516:2531 glycogen content 2516:2531 On the other hand, WBV training combined with DHEA decreased the BW gain, testosterone level and glycogen content caused by DHEA supplementation. 27766021 13 7 theme absorptive 2696:2705 arg1 capacity 2707:2714 the DHEA supplement absorptive capacity 2676:2714 the DHEA supplement absorptive capacity in young-adult mice 2676:2734 Therefore, WBV training could inhibit DHEA supplementation to synthesis the testosterone level or may decrease the DHEA supplement absorptive capacity in young-adult mice. 27766021 7 8 theme biochemical 1587:1597 arg1 parameters 1599:1608 the biochemical parameters 1583:1608 the biochemical parameters 1583:1608 In addition, the biochemical parameters and the testosterone content were measured at the end of the experiment. 27766021 9 9 theme negative 1905:1912 arg1 impact 1914:1919 no negative impact 1902:1919 no negative impact 1902:1919 DHEA supplementation alone had no negative impact on all tissue and biochemical profiles, but could not improve exercise performance. 27766021 4 10 from composition 826:836 arg1 mice 960:963 young-adult C57BL/6 mice 940:963 young-adult C57BL/6 mice 940:963 The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on body composition, exercise performance, and physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in young-adult C57BL/6 mice. 27766021 3 11 theme potential 549:557 arg1 unclear 701:707 unclear 701:707 unclear 701:707 However, the potential effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on to body composition, exercise performance, and hormone regulation are currently unclear. 27766021 3 11 theme potential 549:557 arg1 effects 559:565 the potential effects 545:565 the potential effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on to body composition, exercise performance, and hormone regulation 545:685 However, the potential effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on to body composition, exercise performance, and hormone regulation are currently unclear. 27766021 9 12 contain had 1898:1900 arg1 supplementation 1876:1890 DHEA supplementation 1871:1890 DHEA supplementation 1871:1890 DHEA supplementation alone had no negative impact on all tissue and biochemical profiles, but could not improve exercise performance. 27766021 9 12 contain had 1898:1900 arg2 impact 1914:1919 no negative impact 1902:1919 no negative impact 1902:1919 DHEA supplementation alone had no negative impact on all tissue and biochemical profiles, but could not improve exercise performance. 27766021 5 13 theme WBV 1149:1151 arg1 WBV 1163:1165 WBV 1163:1165 WBV 1163:1165 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 5 13 theme WBV 1149:1151 arg1 training 1153:1160 WBV training 1149:1160 WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g) 1149:1188 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 10 14 theme testosterone 2072:2083 arg1 level 2085:2089 testosterone level 2072:2089 testosterone level 2072:2089 However, WBV+DHEA supplementation also significantly decreased BW, testosterone level and glycogen content of liver, as well as serum lactate and ammonia levels after the 15-min swimming exercise when compared with DHEA supplementation alone. 27766021 12 15 theme WBV 2438:2440 arg1 training 2442:2449 WBV training 2438:2449 WBV training combined with DHEA 2438:2468 On the other hand, WBV training combined with DHEA decreased the BW gain, testosterone level and glycogen content caused by DHEA supplementation. 27766021 8 16 theme Six-week 1683:1690 arg1 supplementation 1697:1711 Six-week DHEA supplementation 1683:1711 Six-week DHEA supplementation 1683:1711 Six-week DHEA supplementation alone significantly increased mice body weight (BW), muscle weight, testosterone level, and glycogen contents (liver and muscle) when compared with SC group. 27766021 3 17 theme supplementation 575:589 arg1 unclear 701:707 unclear 701:707 unclear 701:707 However, the potential effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on to body composition, exercise performance, and hormone regulation are currently unclear. 27766021 3 17 theme supplementation 575:589 arg1 effects 559:565 the potential effects 545:565 the potential effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on to body composition, exercise performance, and hormone regulation 545:685 However, the potential effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on to body composition, exercise performance, and hormone regulation are currently unclear. 27766021 6 18 theme swimming 1370:1377 arg1 time 1379:1382 exhaustive swimming time 1359:1382 exhaustive swimming time 1359:1382 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 4 19 theme C57BL/6 952:958 arg1 mice 960:963 young-adult C57BL/6 mice 940:963 young-adult C57BL/6 mice 940:963 The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on body composition, exercise performance, and physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in young-adult C57BL/6 mice. 27766021 9 20 theme biochemical 1939:1949 arg1 profiles 1951:1958 biochemical profiles 1939:1958 biochemical profiles 1939:1958 DHEA supplementation alone had no negative impact on all tissue and biochemical profiles, but could not improve exercise performance. 27766021 5 21 theme 6-weeks 1051:1057 arg1 treatment 1059:1067 6-weeks treatment 1051:1067 6-weeks treatment 1051:1067 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 4 22 dep composition 826:836 arg1 responses 902:910 fatigue-related biochemical responses 874:910 fatigue-related biochemical responses 874:910 The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on body composition, exercise performance, and physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in young-adult C57BL/6 mice. 27766021 12 23 theme BW 2484:2485 arg1 gain 2487:2490 BW gain 2484:2490 BW gain 2484:2490 On the other hand, WBV training combined with DHEA decreased the BW gain, testosterone level and glycogen content caused by DHEA supplementation. 27766021 11 24 theme exercise 2316:2323 arg1 performance 2325:2335 the exercise performance 2312:2335 the exercise performance of mice 2312:2343 Although DHEA supplementation alone had no beneficial effect in the exercise performance of mice, the BW, testosterone level and glycogen content significantly increased. 27766021 5 25 dep divided 1004:1010 arg1 controls 1080:1087 sedentary controls 1070:1087 sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg) 1070:1291 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 4 26 theme testosterone 916:927 arg1 content 929:935 testosterone content 916:935 testosterone content 916:935 The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on body composition, exercise performance, and physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in young-adult C57BL/6 mice. 27766021 8 27 theme mice 1743:1746 arg1 BW 1761:1762 BW 1761:1762 BW 1761:1762 Six-week DHEA supplementation alone significantly increased mice body weight (BW), muscle weight, testosterone level, and glycogen contents (liver and muscle) when compared with SC group. 27766021 8 27 theme mice 1743:1746 arg1 weight 1753:1758 mice body weight 1743:1758 mice body weight (BW) 1743:1763 Six-week DHEA supplementation alone significantly increased mice body weight (BW), muscle weight, testosterone level, and glycogen contents (liver and muscle) when compared with SC group. 27766021 5 28 dep WBV 1163:1165 arg1 Hz 1172:1173 5.6 Hz 1168:1173 5.6 Hz 1168:1173 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 5 28 dep WBV 1163:1165 arg1 mm 1178:1179 2 mm 1176:1179 2 mm 1176:1179 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 5 28 dep WBV 1163:1165 arg1 g 1187:1187 0.13 g 1182:1187 0.13 g 1182:1187 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 4 29 theme study 731:735 arg1 objective 714:722 The objective 710:722 The objective of the study 710:735 The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on body composition, exercise performance, and physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in young-adult C57BL/6 mice. 27766021 6 30 theme body 1407:1410 arg1 composition 1412:1422 body composition 1407:1422 body composition 1407:1422 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 10 31 theme ammonia 2151:2157 arg1 levels 2159:2164 serum lactate and ammonia levels 2133:2164 serum lactate and ammonia levels 2133:2164 However, WBV+DHEA supplementation also significantly decreased BW, testosterone level and glycogen content of liver, as well as serum lactate and ammonia levels after the 15-min swimming exercise when compared with DHEA supplementation alone. 27766021 6 32 theme creatine 1484:1491 arg1 CK 1501:1502 CK 1501:1502 CK 1501:1502 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 6 32 theme creatine 1484:1491 arg1 kinase 1493:1498 creatine kinase 1484:1498 creatine kinase (CK) 1484:1503 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 0 33 theme Testosterone 91:102 arg1 Level 104:108 Testosterone Level 91:108 Testosterone Level 91:108 Dehydroepiandrosterone Supplementation Combined with Whole-Body Vibration Training Affects Testosterone Level and Body Composition in Mice. 27766021 13 34 theme DHEA 2603:2606 arg1 supplementation 2608:2622 DHEA supplementation 2603:2622 DHEA supplementation to synthesis the testosterone level 2603:2658 Therefore, WBV training could inhibit DHEA supplementation to synthesis the testosterone level or may decrease the DHEA supplement absorptive capacity in young-adult mice. 27766021 10 35 theme lactate 2139:2145 arg1 levels 2159:2164 serum lactate and ammonia levels 2133:2164 serum lactate and ammonia levels 2133:2164 However, WBV+DHEA supplementation also significantly decreased BW, testosterone level and glycogen content of liver, as well as serum lactate and ammonia levels after the 15-min swimming exercise when compared with DHEA supplementation alone. 27766021 1 36 theme abundant 180:187 arg1 Dehydroepiandrosterone 140:161 Dehydroepiandrosterone 140:161 Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) 140:168 Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the most abundant sex steroid, is primarily secreted by the adrenal gland and a precursor hormone used by athletes for performance enhancement. 27766021 1 36 theme abundant 180:187 arg1 steroid 193:199 the most abundant sex steroid 171:199 the most abundant sex steroid 171:199 Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the most abundant sex steroid, is primarily secreted by the adrenal gland and a precursor hormone used by athletes for performance enhancement. 27766021 10 37 theme 15-min 2176:2181 arg1 exercise 2192:2199 the 15-min swimming exercise 2172:2199 the 15-min swimming exercise 2172:2199 However, WBV+DHEA supplementation also significantly decreased BW, testosterone level and glycogen content of liver, as well as serum lactate and ammonia levels after the 15-min swimming exercise when compared with DHEA supplementation alone. 27766021 2 38 from platform 461:468 arg1 oscillations 431:442 rapid and repeated oscillations 412:442 rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults 412:533 Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults. 27766021 13 39 theme WBV 2576:2578 arg1 training 2580:2587 WBV training 2576:2587 WBV training 2576:2587 Therefore, WBV training could inhibit DHEA supplementation to synthesis the testosterone level or may decrease the DHEA supplement absorptive capacity in young-adult mice. 27766021 5 40 theme C57BL/6 986:992 arg1 mice 994:997 male C57BL/6 mice 981:997 male C57BL/6 mice 981:997 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 2 41 theme older 522:526 arg1 adults 528:533 older adults 522:533 older adults 522:533 Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults. 27766021 11 42 theme beneficial 2291:2300 arg1 effect 2302:2307 no beneficial effect 2288:2307 no beneficial effect 2288:2307 Although DHEA supplementation alone had no beneficial effect in the exercise performance of mice, the BW, testosterone level and glycogen content significantly increased. 27766021 4 43 theme supplementation 775:789 arg1 effects 759:765 the effects 755:765 the effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on body composition, exercise performance, and physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in young-adult C57BL/6 mice 755:963 The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on body composition, exercise performance, and physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in young-adult C57BL/6 mice. 27766021 2 44 theme rapid 412:416 arg1 oscillations 431:442 rapid and repeated oscillations 412:442 rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults 412:533 Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults. 27766021 8 45 theme testosterone 1781:1792 arg1 level 1794:1798 testosterone level 1781:1798 testosterone level 1781:1798 Six-week DHEA supplementation alone significantly increased mice body weight (BW), muscle weight, testosterone level, and glycogen contents (liver and muscle) when compared with SC group. 27766021 4 46 from performance 848:858 arg1 mice 960:963 young-adult C57BL/6 mice 940:963 young-adult C57BL/6 mice 940:963 The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on body composition, exercise performance, and physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in young-adult C57BL/6 mice. 27766021 6 47 theme urea 1516:1519 arg1 BUN 1531:1533 BUN 1531:1533 BUN 1531:1533 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 6 47 theme urea 1516:1519 arg1 nitrogen 1521:1528 blood urea nitrogen 1510:1528 blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 1510:1534 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 10 48 theme WBV+DHEA 2014:2021 arg1 supplementation 2023:2037 WBV+DHEA supplementation 2014:2037 WBV+DHEA supplementation 2014:2037 However, WBV+DHEA supplementation also significantly decreased BW, testosterone level and glycogen content of liver, as well as serum lactate and ammonia levels after the 15-min swimming exercise when compared with DHEA supplementation alone. 27766021 0 49 theme Dehydroepiandrosterone 0:21 arg1 Supplementation 23:37 Dehydroepiandrosterone Supplementation 0:37 Dehydroepiandrosterone Supplementation Combined with Whole-Body Vibration Training 0:81 Dehydroepiandrosterone Supplementation Combined with Whole-Body Vibration Training Affects Testosterone Level and Body Composition in Mice. 27766021 0 50 from Composition 119:129 arg1 Mice 134:137 Mice 134:137 Mice 134:137 Dehydroepiandrosterone Supplementation Combined with Whole-Body Vibration Training Affects Testosterone Level and Body Composition in Mice. 27766021 6 51 theme serum 1451:1455 arg1 lactate 1457:1463 serum lactate 1451:1463 serum lactate 1451:1463 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 2 52 theme vibrating 451:459 arg1 platform 461:468 a vibrating platform 449:468 a vibrating platform 449:468 Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults. 27766021 2 52 theme vibrating 451:459 arg1 exercise 509:516 a simple and convenient exercise 485:516 a simple and convenient exercise for older adults 485:533 Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults. 27766021 8 53 theme glycogen 1805:1812 arg1 liver 1824:1828 liver 1824:1828 liver 1824:1828 Six-week DHEA supplementation alone significantly increased mice body weight (BW), muscle weight, testosterone level, and glycogen contents (liver and muscle) when compared with SC group. 27766021 8 53 theme glycogen 1805:1812 arg1 contents 1814:1821 glycogen contents 1805:1821 glycogen contents (liver and muscle) 1805:1840 Six-week DHEA supplementation alone significantly increased mice body weight (BW), muscle weight, testosterone level, and glycogen contents (liver and muscle) when compared with SC group. 27766021 8 53 theme glycogen 1805:1812 arg1 muscle 1834:1839 muscle 1834:1839 muscle 1834:1839 Six-week DHEA supplementation alone significantly increased mice body weight (BW), muscle weight, testosterone level, and glycogen contents (liver and muscle) when compared with SC group. 27766021 1 54 theme performance 290:300 arg1 enhancement 302:312 performance enhancement 290:312 performance enhancement 290:312 Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the most abundant sex steroid, is primarily secreted by the adrenal gland and a precursor hormone used by athletes for performance enhancement. 27766021 5 55 dep WBV 1245:1247 arg1 Hz 1254:1255 5.6 Hz 1250:1255 WBV: 5.6 Hz 1245:1255 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 12 56 theme DHEA 2543:2546 arg1 supplementation 2548:2562 DHEA supplementation 2543:2562 DHEA supplementation 2543:2562 On the other hand, WBV training combined with DHEA decreased the BW gain, testosterone level and glycogen content caused by DHEA supplementation. 27766021 4 57 theme body 821:824 arg1 composition 826:836 body composition 821:836 body composition 821:836 The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on body composition, exercise performance, and physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in young-adult C57BL/6 mice. 27766021 5 58 theme DHEA 1213:1216 arg1 WBV+DHEA 1235:1242 WBV+DHEA 1235:1242 WBV+DHEA 1235:1242 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 5 58 theme DHEA 1213:1216 arg1 supplementation 1218:1232 DHEA supplementation 1213:1232 DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg) 1213:1291 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 2 59 theme repeated 422:429 arg1 oscillations 431:442 rapid and repeated oscillations 412:442 rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults 412:533 Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults. 27766021 0 60 theme Whole-Body 53:62 arg1 Training 74:81 Whole-Body Vibration Training 53:81 Whole-Body Vibration Training 53:81 Dehydroepiandrosterone Supplementation Combined with Whole-Body Vibration Training Affects Testosterone Level and Body Composition in Mice. 27766021 5 61 dep WBV+DHEA 1235:1242 arg1 mg/kg 1286:1290 10.2 mg/kg 1281:1290 10.2 mg/kg 1281:1290 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 5 61 dep WBV+DHEA 1235:1242 arg1 WBV 1245:1247 WBV 1245:1247 WBV: 5.6 Hz 1245:1255 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 5 61 dep WBV+DHEA 1235:1242 arg1 DHEA 1275:1278 DHEA 1275:1278 DHEA 1275:1278 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 5 61 dep WBV+DHEA 1235:1242 arg1 mm 1260:1261 2 mm 1258:1261 2 mm 1258:1261 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 5 61 dep WBV+DHEA 1235:1242 arg1 g 1269:1269 0.13 g 1264:1269 0.13 g 1264:1269 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 10 62 theme DHEA 2220:2223 arg1 supplementation 2225:2239 DHEA supplementation 2220:2239 DHEA supplementation alone 2220:2245 However, WBV+DHEA supplementation also significantly decreased BW, testosterone level and glycogen content of liver, as well as serum lactate and ammonia levels after the 15-min swimming exercise when compared with DHEA supplementation alone. 27766021 3 63 theme exercise 642:649 arg1 performance 651:661 exercise performance 642:661 exercise performance 642:661 However, the potential effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on to body composition, exercise performance, and hormone regulation are currently unclear. 27766021 11 64 theme DHEA 2257:2260 arg1 supplementation 2262:2276 DHEA supplementation 2257:2276 DHEA supplementation 2257:2276 Although DHEA supplementation alone had no beneficial effect in the exercise performance of mice, the BW, testosterone level and glycogen content significantly increased. 27766021 6 65 theme swimming 1551:1558 arg1 exercise 1560:1567 a 15-min swimming exercise 1542:1567 a 15-min swimming exercise 1542:1567 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 6 66 theme forelimb 1332:1339 arg1 strength 1346:1353 forelimb grip strength 1332:1353 forelimb grip strength 1332:1353 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 1 67 theme adrenal 231:237 arg1 gland 239:243 the adrenal gland 227:243 the adrenal gland 227:243 Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the most abundant sex steroid, is primarily secreted by the adrenal gland and a precursor hormone used by athletes for performance enhancement. 27766021 13 68 theme young-adult 2719:2729 arg1 mice 2731:2734 young-adult mice 2719:2734 young-adult mice 2719:2734 Therefore, WBV training could inhibit DHEA supplementation to synthesis the testosterone level or may decrease the DHEA supplement absorptive capacity in young-adult mice. 27766021 11 69 theme testosterone 2354:2365 arg1 level 2367:2371 testosterone level 2354:2371 testosterone level 2354:2371 Although DHEA supplementation alone had no beneficial effect in the exercise performance of mice, the BW, testosterone level and glycogen content significantly increased. 27766021 3 70 theme hormone 668:674 arg1 regulation 676:685 hormone regulation 668:685 hormone regulation 668:685 However, the potential effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on to body composition, exercise performance, and hormone regulation are currently unclear. 27766021 8 71 theme muscle 1766:1771 arg1 weight 1773:1778 muscle weight 1766:1778 muscle weight 1766:1778 Six-week DHEA supplementation alone significantly increased mice body weight (BW), muscle weight, testosterone level, and glycogen contents (liver and muscle) when compared with SC group. 27766021 2 72 theme light-resistance 358:373 arg1 vibration 326:334 Whole-body vibration 315:334 Whole-body vibration (WBV) 315:340 Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults. 27766021 2 72 theme light-resistance 358:373 arg1 exercise 375:382 a well-known light-resistance exercise 345:382 a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults 345:533 Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults. 27766021 1 73 theme precursor 251:259 arg1 hormone 261:267 a precursor hormone 249:267 a precursor hormone used by athletes for performance enhancement 249:312 Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the most abundant sex steroid, is primarily secreted by the adrenal gland and a precursor hormone used by athletes for performance enhancement. 27766021 13 74 theme supplement 2685:2694 arg1 capacity 2707:2714 the DHEA supplement absorptive capacity 2676:2714 the DHEA supplement absorptive capacity in young-adult mice 2676:2734 Therefore, WBV training could inhibit DHEA supplementation to synthesis the testosterone level or may decrease the DHEA supplement absorptive capacity in young-adult mice. 27766021 4 75 theme biochemical 890:900 arg1 responses 902:910 fatigue-related biochemical responses 874:910 fatigue-related biochemical responses 874:910 The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on body composition, exercise performance, and physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in young-adult C57BL/6 mice. 27766021 11 76 contain had 2284:2286 arg2 effect 2302:2307 no beneficial effect 2288:2307 no beneficial effect 2288:2307 Although DHEA supplementation alone had no beneficial effect in the exercise performance of mice, the BW, testosterone level and glycogen content significantly increased. 27766021 11 76 contain had 2284:2286 arg1 supplementation 2262:2276 DHEA supplementation 2257:2276 DHEA supplementation 2257:2276 Although DHEA supplementation alone had no beneficial effect in the exercise performance of mice, the BW, testosterone level and glycogen content significantly increased. 27766021 11 76 contain had 2284:2286 arg2 BW 2350:2351 the BW 2346:2351 the BW 2346:2351 Although DHEA supplementation alone had no beneficial effect in the exercise performance of mice, the BW, testosterone level and glycogen content significantly increased. 27766021 13 77 dep synthesis 2627:2635 arg1 level 2654:2658 the testosterone level 2637:2658 the testosterone level 2637:2658 Therefore, WBV training could inhibit DHEA supplementation to synthesis the testosterone level or may decrease the DHEA supplement absorptive capacity in young-adult mice. 27766021 1 78 theme sex 189:191 arg1 Dehydroepiandrosterone 140:161 Dehydroepiandrosterone 140:161 Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) 140:168 Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the most abundant sex steroid, is primarily secreted by the adrenal gland and a precursor hormone used by athletes for performance enhancement. 27766021 1 78 theme sex 189:191 arg1 steroid 193:199 the most abundant sex steroid 171:199 the most abundant sex steroid 171:199 Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the most abundant sex steroid, is primarily secreted by the adrenal gland and a precursor hormone used by athletes for performance enhancement. 27766021 10 79 theme serum 2133:2137 arg1 lactate 2139:2145 serum lactate 2133:2145 serum lactate 2133:2145 However, WBV+DHEA supplementation also significantly decreased BW, testosterone level and glycogen content of liver, as well as serum lactate and ammonia levels after the 15-min swimming exercise when compared with DHEA supplementation alone. 27766021 4 80 theme exercise 839:846 arg1 performance 848:858 exercise performance 839:858 exercise performance 839:858 The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on body composition, exercise performance, and physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in young-adult C57BL/6 mice. 27766021 9 81 theme all 1924:1926 arg1 tissue 1928:1933 all tissue 1924:1933 all tissue 1924:1933 DHEA supplementation alone had no negative impact on all tissue and biochemical profiles, but could not improve exercise performance. 27766021 8 82 theme DHEA 1692:1695 arg1 supplementation 1697:1711 Six-week DHEA supplementation 1683:1711 Six-week DHEA supplementation 1683:1711 Six-week DHEA supplementation alone significantly increased mice body weight (BW), muscle weight, testosterone level, and glycogen contents (liver and muscle) when compared with SC group. 27766021 3 83 theme DHEA 570:573 arg1 supplementation 575:589 DHEA supplementation 570:589 DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training 570:616 However, the potential effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on to body composition, exercise performance, and hormone regulation are currently unclear. 27766021 12 84 theme testosterone 2493:2504 arg1 level 2506:2510 testosterone level 2493:2510 testosterone level 2493:2510 On the other hand, WBV training combined with DHEA decreased the BW gain, testosterone level and glycogen content caused by DHEA supplementation. 27766021 2 85 theme Whole-body 315:324 arg1 exercise 375:382 a well-known light-resistance exercise 345:382 a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults 345:533 Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults. 27766021 2 85 theme Whole-body 315:324 arg1 WBV 337:339 WBV 337:339 WBV 337:339 Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults. 27766021 2 85 theme Whole-body 315:324 arg1 vibration 326:334 Whole-body vibration 315:334 Whole-body vibration (WBV) 315:340 Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults. 27766021 6 86 theme exhaustive 1359:1368 arg1 time 1379:1382 exhaustive swimming time 1359:1382 exhaustive swimming time 1359:1382 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 4 87 theme young-adult 940:950 arg1 mice 960:963 young-adult C57BL/6 mice 940:963 young-adult C57BL/6 mice 940:963 The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on body composition, exercise performance, and physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in young-adult C57BL/6 mice. 27766021 6 88 theme blood 1510:1514 arg1 BUN 1531:1533 BUN 1531:1533 BUN 1531:1533 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 6 88 theme blood 1510:1514 arg1 nitrogen 1521:1528 blood urea nitrogen 1510:1528 blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 1510:1534 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 5 89 dep groups 1022:1027 arg1 n 1030:1030 n = 8 1030:1034 n = 8 per group 1030:1044 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 3 90 theme WBV 605:607 arg1 training 609:616 WBV training 605:616 WBV training 605:616 However, the potential effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on to body composition, exercise performance, and hormone regulation are currently unclear. 27766021 10 91 theme glycogen 2095:2102 arg1 content 2104:2110 glycogen content 2095:2110 glycogen content of liver 2095:2119 However, WBV+DHEA supplementation also significantly decreased BW, testosterone level and glycogen content of liver, as well as serum lactate and ammonia levels after the 15-min swimming exercise when compared with DHEA supplementation alone. 27766021 0 92 from Level 104:108 arg1 Mice 134:137 Mice 134:137 Mice 134:137 Dehydroepiandrosterone Supplementation Combined with Whole-Body Vibration Training Affects Testosterone Level and Body Composition in Mice. 27766021 12 93 theme other 2426:2430 arg1 hand 2432:2435 the other hand 2422:2435 the other hand 2422:2435 On the other hand, WBV training combined with DHEA decreased the BW gain, testosterone level and glycogen content caused by DHEA supplementation. 27766021 8 94 theme body 1748:1751 arg1 BW 1761:1762 BW 1761:1762 BW 1761:1762 Six-week DHEA supplementation alone significantly increased mice body weight (BW), muscle weight, testosterone level, and glycogen contents (liver and muscle) when compared with SC group. 27766021 8 94 theme body 1748:1751 arg1 weight 1753:1758 mice body weight 1743:1758 mice body weight (BW) 1743:1763 Six-week DHEA supplementation alone significantly increased mice body weight (BW), muscle weight, testosterone level, and glycogen contents (liver and muscle) when compared with SC group. 27766021 5 95 theme sedentary 1070:1078 arg1 controls 1080:1087 sedentary controls 1070:1087 sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg) 1070:1291 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 6 96 theme anti-fatigue 1428:1439 arg1 levels 1441:1446 anti-fatigue levels 1428:1446 anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 1428:1534 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 10 97 theme liver 2115:2119 arg1 BW 2068:2069 BW 2068:2069 BW 2068:2069 However, WBV+DHEA supplementation also significantly decreased BW, testosterone level and glycogen content of liver, as well as serum lactate and ammonia levels after the 15-min swimming exercise when compared with DHEA supplementation alone. 27766021 10 97 theme liver 2115:2119 arg1 level 2085:2089 testosterone level 2072:2089 testosterone level 2072:2089 However, WBV+DHEA supplementation also significantly decreased BW, testosterone level and glycogen content of liver, as well as serum lactate and ammonia levels after the 15-min swimming exercise when compared with DHEA supplementation alone. 27766021 10 97 theme liver 2115:2119 arg1 content 2104:2110 glycogen content 2095:2110 glycogen content of liver 2095:2119 However, WBV+DHEA supplementation also significantly decreased BW, testosterone level and glycogen content of liver, as well as serum lactate and ammonia levels after the 15-min swimming exercise when compared with DHEA supplementation alone. 27766021 10 97 theme liver 2115:2119 arg1 levels 2159:2164 serum lactate and ammonia levels 2133:2164 serum lactate and ammonia levels 2133:2164 However, WBV+DHEA supplementation also significantly decreased BW, testosterone level and glycogen content of liver, as well as serum lactate and ammonia levels after the 15-min swimming exercise when compared with DHEA supplementation alone. 27766021 11 98 theme mice 2340:2343 arg1 performance 2325:2335 the exercise performance 2312:2335 the exercise performance of mice 2312:2343 Although DHEA supplementation alone had no beneficial effect in the exercise performance of mice, the BW, testosterone level and glycogen content significantly increased. 27766021 4 99 from content 929:935 arg1 mice 960:963 young-adult C57BL/6 mice 940:963 young-adult C57BL/6 mice 940:963 The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on body composition, exercise performance, and physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in young-adult C57BL/6 mice. 27766021 3 100 theme body 624:627 arg1 composition 629:639 body composition 624:639 body composition 624:639 However, the potential effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on to body composition, exercise performance, and hormone regulation are currently unclear. 27766021 13 101 theme testosterone 2641:2652 arg1 level 2654:2658 the testosterone level 2637:2658 the testosterone level 2637:2658 Therefore, WBV training could inhibit DHEA supplementation to synthesis the testosterone level or may decrease the DHEA supplement absorptive capacity in young-adult mice. 27766021 6 102 from levels 1441:1446 arg1 composition 1412:1422 body composition 1407:1422 body composition 1407:1422 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 6 103 theme kinase 1493:1498 arg1 changes 1396:1402 changes 1396:1402 changes in body composition 1396:1422 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 6 103 theme kinase 1493:1498 arg1 levels 1441:1446 anti-fatigue levels 1428:1446 anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 1428:1534 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 5 104 with controls 1080:1087 arg1 WBV 1163:1165 WBV 1163:1165 WBV 1163:1165 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 5 104 with controls 1080:1087 arg1 WBV+DHEA 1235:1242 WBV+DHEA 1235:1242 WBV+DHEA 1235:1242 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 5 104 with controls 1080:1087 arg1 training 1199:1206 WBV training 1195:1206 WBV training 1195:1206 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 5 104 with controls 1080:1087 arg1 vehicle 1094:1100 vehicle 1094:1100 vehicle (SC) 1094:1105 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 5 104 with controls 1080:1087 arg1 supplementation 1113:1127 DHEA supplementation 1108:1127 DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg) 1108:1146 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 5 104 with controls 1080:1087 arg1 SC 1103:1104 SC 1103:1104 SC 1103:1104 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 5 104 with controls 1080:1087 arg1 DHEA 1130:1133 DHEA 1130:1133 DHEA 1130:1133 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 5 104 with controls 1080:1087 arg1 training 1153:1160 WBV training 1149:1160 WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g) 1149:1188 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 5 104 with controls 1080:1087 arg1 supplementation 1218:1232 DHEA supplementation 1213:1232 DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg) 1213:1291 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 9 105 theme exercise 1983:1990 arg1 performance 1992:2002 exercise performance 1983:2002 exercise performance 1983:2002 DHEA supplementation alone had no negative impact on all tissue and biochemical profiles, but could not improve exercise performance. 27766021 6 106 from changes 1396:1402 arg1 composition 1412:1422 body composition 1407:1422 body composition 1407:1422 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 2 107 theme convenient 498:507 arg1 platform 461:468 a vibrating platform 449:468 a vibrating platform 449:468 Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults. 27766021 2 107 theme convenient 498:507 arg1 exercise 509:516 a simple and convenient exercise 485:516 a simple and convenient exercise for older adults 485:533 Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults. 27766021 6 108 theme 15-min 1544:1549 arg1 exercise 1560:1567 a 15-min swimming exercise 1542:1567 a 15-min swimming exercise 1542:1567 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 0 109 theme Body 114:117 arg1 Composition 119:129 Body Composition 114:129 Body Composition 114:129 Dehydroepiandrosterone Supplementation Combined with Whole-Body Vibration Training Affects Testosterone Level and Body Composition in Mice. 27766021 2 110 theme simple 487:492 arg1 platform 461:468 a vibrating platform 449:468 a vibrating platform 449:468 Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults. 27766021 2 110 theme simple 487:492 arg1 exercise 509:516 a simple and convenient exercise 485:516 a simple and convenient exercise for older adults 485:533 Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults. 27766021 5 111 theme DHEA 1108:1111 arg1 DHEA 1130:1133 DHEA 1130:1133 DHEA 1130:1133 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 5 111 theme DHEA 1108:1111 arg1 supplementation 1113:1127 DHEA supplementation 1108:1127 DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg) 1108:1146 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 6 112 theme glucose 1475:1481 arg1 changes 1396:1402 changes 1396:1402 changes in body composition 1396:1422 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 6 112 theme glucose 1475:1481 arg1 levels 1441:1446 anti-fatigue levels 1428:1446 anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 1428:1534 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 5 113 theme male 981:984 arg1 mice 994:997 male C57BL/6 mice 981:997 male C57BL/6 mice 981:997 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 5 114 dep DHEA 1130:1133 arg1 mg/kg 1141:1145 10.2 mg/kg 1136:1145 10.2 mg/kg 1136:1145 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 4 115 from effects 759:765 arg1 content 929:935 testosterone content 916:935 testosterone content 916:935 The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on body composition, exercise performance, and physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in young-adult C57BL/6 mice. 27766021 4 115 from effects 759:765 arg1 composition 826:836 body composition 821:836 body composition 821:836 The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on body composition, exercise performance, and physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in young-adult C57BL/6 mice. 27766021 4 115 from effects 759:765 arg1 performance 848:858 exercise performance 839:858 exercise performance 839:858 The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on body composition, exercise performance, and physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in young-adult C57BL/6 mice. 27766021 4 115 from effects 759:765 arg1 physical 865:872 physical 865:872 physical 865:872 The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on body composition, exercise performance, and physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in young-adult C57BL/6 mice. 27766021 6 116 theme nitrogen 1521:1528 arg1 changes 1396:1402 changes 1396:1402 changes in body composition 1396:1422 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 6 116 theme nitrogen 1521:1528 arg1 levels 1441:1446 anti-fatigue levels 1428:1446 anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 1428:1534 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 4 117 theme DHEA 770:773 arg1 supplementation 775:789 DHEA supplementation 770:789 DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training 770:816 The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on body composition, exercise performance, and physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in young-adult C57BL/6 mice. 27766021 6 118 theme lactate 1457:1463 arg1 changes 1396:1402 changes 1396:1402 changes in body composition 1396:1422 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 6 118 theme lactate 1457:1463 arg1 levels 1441:1446 anti-fatigue levels 1428:1446 anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 1428:1534 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 9 119 theme DHEA 1871:1874 arg1 supplementation 1876:1890 DHEA supplementation 1871:1890 DHEA supplementation 1871:1890 DHEA supplementation alone had no negative impact on all tissue and biochemical profiles, but could not improve exercise performance. 27766021 5 120 theme WBV 1195:1197 arg1 training 1199:1206 WBV training 1195:1206 WBV training 1195:1206 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 2 121 theme automatic 387:395 arg1 adaptations 397:407 automatic adaptations 387:407 automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults 387:533 Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults. 27766021 6 122 theme ammonia 1466:1472 arg1 changes 1396:1402 changes 1396:1402 changes in body composition 1396:1422 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 6 122 theme ammonia 1466:1472 arg1 levels 1441:1446 anti-fatigue levels 1428:1446 anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 1428:1534 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 10 123 theme swimming 2183:2190 arg1 exercise 2192:2199 the 15-min swimming exercise 2172:2199 the 15-min swimming exercise 2172:2199 However, WBV+DHEA supplementation also significantly decreased BW, testosterone level and glycogen content of liver, as well as serum lactate and ammonia levels after the 15-min swimming exercise when compared with DHEA supplementation alone. 27766021 0 124 theme Vibration 64:72 arg1 Training 74:81 Whole-Body Vibration Training 53:81 Whole-Body Vibration Training 53:81 Dehydroepiandrosterone Supplementation Combined with Whole-Body Vibration Training Affects Testosterone Level and Body Composition in Mice. 27766021 7 125 theme experiment 1671:1680 arg1 end 1660:1662 the end 1656:1662 the end of the experiment 1656:1680 In addition, the biochemical parameters and the testosterone content were measured at the end of the experiment. 27766021 5 126 theme = 1032:1032 arg1 n 1030:1030 n = 8 1030:1034 n = 8 per group 1030:1044 In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). 27766021 6 127 theme grip 1341:1344 arg1 strength 1346:1353 forelimb grip strength 1332:1353 forelimb grip strength 1332:1353 Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. 27766021 13 128 from capacity 2707:2714 arg1 mice 2731:2734 young-adult mice 2719:2734 young-adult mice 2719:2734 Therefore, WBV training could inhibit DHEA supplementation to synthesis the testosterone level or may decrease the DHEA supplement absorptive capacity in young-adult mice. 27766021 7 129 theme testosterone 1618:1629 arg1 content 1631:1637 the testosterone content 1614:1637 the testosterone content 1614:1637 In addition, the biochemical parameters and the testosterone content were measured at the end of the experiment. 27766021 4 130 theme WBV 805:807 arg1 training 809:816 WBV training 805:816 WBV training 805:816 The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on body composition, exercise performance, and physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in young-adult C57BL/6 mice. 26086186 3 0 theme narrow 671:676 arg1 ranges 692:697 markedly narrow concentration ranges 662:697 markedly narrow concentration ranges 662:697 Neutralizing antibodies directed to a V3-base- and glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and to the apex of the Env trimer, as well as nonneutralizing antibodies to the epitope cluster I on the gp41-ectodomain, aggregated virions, but in markedly narrow concentration ranges. 26086186 0 1 theme Envelope 100:107 arg1 Glycoprotein 109:120 the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein 90:120 the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein 90:120 Short Communication: Virion Aggregation by Neutralizing and Nonneutralizing Antibodies to the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein. 26086186 4 2 theme unusual 856:862 arg1 structure 876:884 its unusual domain-swap structure 852:884 its unusual domain-swap structure 852:884 In contrast, the neutralizing antibody 2G12, which is specific for a composite glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and functionally monovalent because of its unusual domain-swap structure, was nonaggregating. 26086186 2 3 theme different 268:276 arg1 strains 278:284 different strains 268:284 different strains 268:284 Virions of different strains were inactivated by 2,2'-dithiodipyridine (AT-2), a procedure that abrogates infectivity but preserves the native antigenic structure of Env. 26086186 3 4 theme trimer 540:545 arg1 apex 524:527 the apex 520:527 the apex of the Env trimer, as well as nonneutralizing antibodies to the epitope cluster I on the gp41-ectodomain, aggregated virions 520:652 Neutralizing antibodies directed to a V3-base- and glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and to the apex of the Env trimer, as well as nonneutralizing antibodies to the epitope cluster I on the gp41-ectodomain, aggregated virions, but in markedly narrow concentration ranges. 26086186 0 5 theme HIV-1 94:98 arg1 Glycoprotein 109:120 the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein 90:120 the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein 90:120 Short Communication: Virion Aggregation by Neutralizing and Nonneutralizing Antibodies to the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein. 26086186 5 6 theme vaccine 963:969 arg1 development 971:981 vaccine development 963:981 vaccine development 963:981 These results have potentially complex implications for vaccine development. 26086186 4 7 theme composite 769:777 arg1 epitope 796:802 a composite glycan-dependent epitope 767:802 a composite glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 767:811 In contrast, the neutralizing antibody 2G12, which is specific for a composite glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and functionally monovalent because of its unusual domain-swap structure, was nonaggregating. 26086186 3 8 theme concentration 678:690 arg1 ranges 692:697 markedly narrow concentration ranges 662:697 markedly narrow concentration ranges 662:697 Neutralizing antibodies directed to a V3-base- and glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and to the apex of the Env trimer, as well as nonneutralizing antibodies to the epitope cluster I on the gp41-ectodomain, aggregated virions, but in markedly narrow concentration ranges. 26086186 1 9 theme HIV-1 181:185 arg1 virions 187:193 HIV-1 virions 181:193 HIV-1 virions 181:193 We used dynamic light scattering to detect aggregation of HIV-1 virions by antibodies (IgG) to the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env). 26086186 1 10 gly glycoprotein 237:248 arg1 Env 251:253 Env 251:253 Env 251:253 We used dynamic light scattering to detect aggregation of HIV-1 virions by antibodies (IgG) to the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env). 26086186 1 10 gly glycoprotein 237:248 arg1 glycoprotein 237:248 the viral envelope glycoprotein 218:248 the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) 218:254 We used dynamic light scattering to detect aggregation of HIV-1 virions by antibodies (IgG) to the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env). 26086186 5 11 theme complex 938:944 arg1 implications 946:957 potentially complex implications 926:957 potentially complex implications for vaccine development 926:981 These results have potentially complex implications for vaccine development. 26086186 3 12 from cluster 601:607 arg1 virions 646:652 the gp41-ectodomain, aggregated virions 614:652 virions 646:652 Neutralizing antibodies directed to a V3-base- and glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and to the apex of the Env trimer, as well as nonneutralizing antibodies to the epitope cluster I on the gp41-ectodomain, aggregated virions, but in markedly narrow concentration ranges. 26086186 1 13 theme virions 187:193 arg1 aggregation 166:176 aggregation 166:176 aggregation of HIV-1 virions by antibodies (IgG) to the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) 166:254 We used dynamic light scattering to detect aggregation of HIV-1 virions by antibodies (IgG) to the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env). 26086186 0 14 theme Short 0:4 arg1 Communication 6:18 Short Communication 0:18 Short Communication 0:18 Short Communication: Virion Aggregation by Neutralizing and Nonneutralizing Antibodies to the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein. 26086186 0 15 theme Virion 21:26 arg1 Aggregation 28:38 Virion Aggregation 21:38 Virion Aggregation by Neutralizing and Nonneutralizing Antibodies to the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein 21:120 Short Communication: Virion Aggregation by Neutralizing and Nonneutralizing Antibodies to the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein. 26086186 3 16 from epitope 496:502 arg1 gp120 507:511 gp120 507:511 gp120 507:511 Neutralizing antibodies directed to a V3-base- and glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and to the apex of the Env trimer, as well as nonneutralizing antibodies to the epitope cluster I on the gp41-ectodomain, aggregated virions, but in markedly narrow concentration ranges. 26086186 3 17 theme Env 536:538 arg1 trimer 540:545 the Env trimer 532:545 the Env trimer 532:545 Neutralizing antibodies directed to a V3-base- and glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and to the apex of the Env trimer, as well as nonneutralizing antibodies to the epitope cluster I on the gp41-ectodomain, aggregated virions, but in markedly narrow concentration ranges. 26086186 4 18 theme glycan-dependent 779:794 arg1 epitope 796:802 a composite glycan-dependent epitope 767:802 a composite glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 767:811 In contrast, the neutralizing antibody 2G12, which is specific for a composite glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and functionally monovalent because of its unusual domain-swap structure, was nonaggregating. 26086186 2 19 theme strains 278:284 arg1 Virions 257:263 Virions 257:263 Virions of different strains 257:284 Virions of different strains were inactivated by 2,2'-dithiodipyridine (AT-2), a procedure that abrogates infectivity but preserves the native antigenic structure of Env. 26086186 2 20 theme antigenic 400:408 arg1 structure 410:418 the native antigenic structure 389:418 the native antigenic structure of Env 389:425 Virions of different strains were inactivated by 2,2'-dithiodipyridine (AT-2), a procedure that abrogates infectivity but preserves the native antigenic structure of Env. 26086186 3 21 theme gp41-ectodomain 618:632 arg1 virions 646:652 the gp41-ectodomain, aggregated virions 614:652 virions 646:652 Neutralizing antibodies directed to a V3-base- and glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and to the apex of the Env trimer, as well as nonneutralizing antibodies to the epitope cluster I on the gp41-ectodomain, aggregated virions, but in markedly narrow concentration ranges. 26086186 3 22 theme nonneutralizing 559:573 arg1 antibodies 575:584 nonneutralizing antibodies 559:584 nonneutralizing antibodies to the epitope cluster I on the gp41-ectodomain, aggregated virions 559:652 Neutralizing antibodies directed to a V3-base- and glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and to the apex of the Env trimer, as well as nonneutralizing antibodies to the epitope cluster I on the gp41-ectodomain, aggregated virions, but in markedly narrow concentration ranges. 26086186 5 23 contain have 921:924 arg2 implications 946:957 potentially complex implications 926:957 potentially complex implications for vaccine development 926:981 These results have potentially complex implications for vaccine development. 26086186 5 23 contain have 921:924 arg1 results 913:919 These results 907:919 These results 907:919 These results have potentially complex implications for vaccine development. 26086186 2 24 theme native 393:398 arg1 structure 410:418 the native antigenic structure 389:418 the native antigenic structure of Env 389:425 Virions of different strains were inactivated by 2,2'-dithiodipyridine (AT-2), a procedure that abrogates infectivity but preserves the native antigenic structure of Env. 26086186 2 25 theme Env 423:425 arg1 structure 410:418 the native antigenic structure 389:418 the native antigenic structure of Env 389:425 Virions of different strains were inactivated by 2,2'-dithiodipyridine (AT-2), a procedure that abrogates infectivity but preserves the native antigenic structure of Env. 26086186 4 26 theme neutralizing 717:728 arg1 nonaggregating 891:904 nonaggregating 891:904 nonaggregating 891:904 In contrast, the neutralizing antibody 2G12, which is specific for a composite glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and functionally monovalent because of its unusual domain-swap structure, was nonaggregating. 26086186 4 26 theme neutralizing 717:728 arg1 specific 754:761 specific 754:761 specific 754:761 In contrast, the neutralizing antibody 2G12, which is specific for a composite glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and functionally monovalent because of its unusual domain-swap structure, was nonaggregating. 26086186 4 26 theme neutralizing 717:728 arg1 antibody 730:737 the neutralizing antibody 2G12 713:742 the neutralizing antibody 2G12 713:742 In contrast, the neutralizing antibody 2G12, which is specific for a composite glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and functionally monovalent because of its unusual domain-swap structure, was nonaggregating. 26086186 4 27 from nonaggregating 891:904 arg1 contrast 703:710 contrast 703:710 contrast 703:710 In contrast, the neutralizing antibody 2G12, which is specific for a composite glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and functionally monovalent because of its unusual domain-swap structure, was nonaggregating. 26086186 4 28 from epitope 796:802 arg1 gp120 807:811 gp120 807:811 gp120 807:811 In contrast, the neutralizing antibody 2G12, which is specific for a composite glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and functionally monovalent because of its unusual domain-swap structure, was nonaggregating. 26086186 3 29 theme glycan-dependent 479:494 arg1 epitope 496:502 a V3-base- and glycan-dependent epitope 464:502 a V3-base- and glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 464:511 Neutralizing antibodies directed to a V3-base- and glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and to the apex of the Env trimer, as well as nonneutralizing antibodies to the epitope cluster I on the gp41-ectodomain, aggregated virions, but in markedly narrow concentration ranges. 26086186 0 30 theme Neutralizing 43:54 arg1 Antibodies 76:85 Neutralizing and Nonneutralizing Antibodies 43:85 Antibodies 76:85 Short Communication: Virion Aggregation by Neutralizing and Nonneutralizing Antibodies to the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein. 26086186 4 31 theme domain-swap 864:874 arg1 structure 876:884 its unusual domain-swap structure 852:884 its unusual domain-swap structure 852:884 In contrast, the neutralizing antibody 2G12, which is specific for a composite glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and functionally monovalent because of its unusual domain-swap structure, was nonaggregating. 26086186 0 32 dep Aggregation 28:38 arg1 Communication 6:18 Short Communication 0:18 Short Communication 0:18 Short Communication: Virion Aggregation by Neutralizing and Nonneutralizing Antibodies to the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein. 26086186 4 33 from contrast 703:710 arg1 antibody 730:737 the neutralizing antibody 2G12 713:742 the neutralizing antibody 2G12 713:742 In contrast, the neutralizing antibody 2G12, which is specific for a composite glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and functionally monovalent because of its unusual domain-swap structure, was nonaggregating. 26086186 4 33 from contrast 703:710 arg1 nonaggregating 891:904 nonaggregating 891:904 nonaggregating 891:904 In contrast, the neutralizing antibody 2G12, which is specific for a composite glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and functionally monovalent because of its unusual domain-swap structure, was nonaggregating. 26086186 4 33 from contrast 703:710 arg1 specific 754:761 specific 754:761 specific 754:761 In contrast, the neutralizing antibody 2G12, which is specific for a composite glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and functionally monovalent because of its unusual domain-swap structure, was nonaggregating. 26086186 3 34 theme epitope 593:599 arg1 cluster 601:607 the epitope cluster I 589:609 the epitope cluster I on the gp41-ectodomain, aggregated virions 589:652 Neutralizing antibodies directed to a V3-base- and glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and to the apex of the Env trimer, as well as nonneutralizing antibodies to the epitope cluster I on the gp41-ectodomain, aggregated virions, but in markedly narrow concentration ranges. 26086186 3 35 theme antibodies 575:584 arg1 apex 524:527 the apex 520:527 the apex of the Env trimer, as well as nonneutralizing antibodies to the epitope cluster I on the gp41-ectodomain, aggregated virions 520:652 Neutralizing antibodies directed to a V3-base- and glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and to the apex of the Env trimer, as well as nonneutralizing antibodies to the epitope cluster I on the gp41-ectodomain, aggregated virions, but in markedly narrow concentration ranges. 26086186 1 36 theme dynamic 131:137 arg1 scattering 145:154 dynamic light scattering 131:154 dynamic light scattering 131:154 We used dynamic light scattering to detect aggregation of HIV-1 virions by antibodies (IgG) to the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env). 26086186 1 37 used used 126:129 arg2 We 123:124 We 123:124 We 123:124 We used dynamic light scattering to detect aggregation of HIV-1 virions by antibodies (IgG) to the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env). 26086186 1 38 theme light 139:143 arg1 scattering 145:154 dynamic light scattering 131:154 dynamic light scattering 131:154 We used dynamic light scattering to detect aggregation of HIV-1 virions by antibodies (IgG) to the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env). 26086186 3 39 theme V3-base- 466:473 arg1 epitope 496:502 a V3-base- and glycan-dependent epitope 464:502 a V3-base- and glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 464:511 Neutralizing antibodies directed to a V3-base- and glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and to the apex of the Env trimer, as well as nonneutralizing antibodies to the epitope cluster I on the gp41-ectodomain, aggregated virions, but in markedly narrow concentration ranges. 26086186 3 40 theme aggregated 635:644 arg1 virions 646:652 the gp41-ectodomain, aggregated virions 614:652 virions 646:652 Neutralizing antibodies directed to a V3-base- and glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and to the apex of the Env trimer, as well as nonneutralizing antibodies to the epitope cluster I on the gp41-ectodomain, aggregated virions, but in markedly narrow concentration ranges. 26086186 1 41 theme viral 222:226 arg1 Env 251:253 Env 251:253 Env 251:253 We used dynamic light scattering to detect aggregation of HIV-1 virions by antibodies (IgG) to the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env). 26086186 1 41 theme viral 222:226 arg1 glycoprotein 237:248 the viral envelope glycoprotein 218:248 the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) 218:254 We used dynamic light scattering to detect aggregation of HIV-1 virions by antibodies (IgG) to the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env). 26086186 0 42 theme Nonneutralizing 60:74 arg1 Antibodies 76:85 Neutralizing and Nonneutralizing Antibodies 43:85 Antibodies 76:85 Short Communication: Virion Aggregation by Neutralizing and Nonneutralizing Antibodies to the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein. 26086186 1 43 theme envelope 228:235 arg1 Env 251:253 Env 251:253 Env 251:253 We used dynamic light scattering to detect aggregation of HIV-1 virions by antibodies (IgG) to the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env). 26086186 1 43 theme envelope 228:235 arg1 glycoprotein 237:248 the viral envelope glycoprotein 218:248 the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) 218:254 We used dynamic light scattering to detect aggregation of HIV-1 virions by antibodies (IgG) to the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env). 28736166 0 0 theme Orientation 98:108 arg1 Growth 62:67 Helical Plant Growth 48:67 Helical Plant Growth Independently of Microtubule Orientation 48:108 Rhamnose-Containing Cell Wall Polymers Suppress Helical Plant Growth Independently of Microtubule Orientation. 28736166 8 1 theme wall 1066:1069 arg1 polymers 1071:1078 rhamnose-containing cell wall polymers 1041:1078 rhamnose-containing cell wall polymers 1041:1078 We propose that an important function of rhamnose-containing cell wall polymers is to suppress helical twisting of expanding plant cells. 28736166 1 2 theme growth 174:179 arg1 patterns 181:188 helical growth patterns 166:188 helical growth patterns of fixed or variable handedness 166:220 Although specific organs in some plant species exhibit helical growth patterns of fixed or variable handedness, most plant organs are not helical. 28736166 0 3 theme Microtubule 86:96 arg1 Orientation 98:108 Microtubule Orientation 86:108 Microtubule Orientation 86:108 Rhamnose-Containing Cell Wall Polymers Suppress Helical Plant Growth Independently of Microtubule Orientation. 28736166 5 4 theme pectic 655:660 arg1 polysaccharide 662:675 the pectic polysaccharide 651:675 the pectic polysaccharide 651:675 RHM1 encodes a UDP-L-rhamnose synthase, and rhm1 mutations affect synthesis of the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan-I. 28736166 7 5 theme orientation 987:997 arg1 source 874:879 a novel source 866:879 a novel source of left-handed plant growth caused by changes in cell wall composition that is independent of microtubule orientation 866:997 Our findings reveal a novel source of left-handed plant growth caused by changes in cell wall composition that is independent of microtubule orientation. 28736166 7 5 theme orientation 987:997 arg1 independent 960:970 independent 960:970 independent 960:970 Our findings reveal a novel source of left-handed plant growth caused by changes in cell wall composition that is independent of microtubule orientation. 28736166 2 6 theme left-handed 349:359 arg1 growth 369:374 dramatic left-handed helical growth 340:374 dramatic left-handed helical growth of petal epidermal cells 340:399 Here we report that mutations in Arabidopsis RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS 1 (RHM1) cause dramatic left-handed helical growth of petal epidermal cells, leading to left-handed twisted petals. 28736166 7 7 theme plant 896:900 arg1 growth 902:907 left-handed plant growth 884:907 left-handed plant growth caused by changes in cell wall composition 884:950 Our findings reveal a novel source of left-handed plant growth caused by changes in cell wall composition that is independent of microtubule orientation. 28736166 8 8 theme important 1019:1027 arg1 function 1029:1036 an important function 1016:1036 an important function of rhamnose-containing cell wall polymers 1016:1078 We propose that an important function of rhamnose-containing cell wall polymers is to suppress helical twisting of expanding plant cells. 28736166 5 9 theme polysaccharide 662:675 arg1 synthesis 638:646 synthesis 638:646 synthesis of the pectic polysaccharide 638:675 RHM1 encodes a UDP-L-rhamnose synthase, and rhm1 mutations affect synthesis of the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan-I. 28736166 2 10 theme Arabidopsis 291:301 arg1 BIOSYNTHESIS 312:323 Arabidopsis RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS 1 291:325 Arabidopsis RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS 1 (RHM1) 291:332 Here we report that mutations in Arabidopsis RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS 1 (RHM1) cause dramatic left-handed helical growth of petal epidermal cells, leading to left-handed twisted petals. 28736166 2 10 theme Arabidopsis 291:301 arg1 RHM1 328:331 RHM1 328:331 RHM1 328:331 Here we report that mutations in Arabidopsis RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS 1 (RHM1) cause dramatic left-handed helical growth of petal epidermal cells, leading to left-handed twisted petals. 28736166 7 11 theme growth 902:907 arg1 source 874:879 a novel source 866:879 a novel source of left-handed plant growth caused by changes in cell wall composition that is independent of microtubule orientation 866:997 Our findings reveal a novel source of left-handed plant growth caused by changes in cell wall composition that is independent of microtubule orientation. 28736166 7 11 theme growth 902:907 arg1 independent 960:970 independent 960:970 independent 960:970 Our findings reveal a novel source of left-handed plant growth caused by changes in cell wall composition that is independent of microtubule orientation. 28736166 8 12 theme polymers 1071:1078 arg1 function 1029:1036 an important function 1016:1036 an important function of rhamnose-containing cell wall polymers 1016:1078 We propose that an important function of rhamnose-containing cell wall polymers is to suppress helical twisting of expanding plant cells. 28736166 6 13 theme rhm1 832:835 arg1 mutants 837:843 rhm1 mutants 832:843 rhm1 mutants 832:843 Unlike other mutants that exhibit helical growth of fixed handedness, the orientation of cortical microtubule arrays is unaltered in rhm1 mutants. 28736166 2 14 theme helical 361:367 arg1 growth 369:374 dramatic left-handed helical growth 340:374 dramatic left-handed helical growth of petal epidermal cells 340:399 Here we report that mutations in Arabidopsis RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS 1 (RHM1) cause dramatic left-handed helical growth of petal epidermal cells, leading to left-handed twisted petals. 28736166 7 15 theme wall 935:938 arg1 composition 940:950 cell wall composition 930:950 cell wall composition 930:950 Our findings reveal a novel source of left-handed plant growth caused by changes in cell wall composition that is independent of microtubule orientation. 28736166 3 16 theme left-handed 472:482 arg1 growth 484:489 left-handed growth 472:489 left-handed growth 472:489 rhm1 mutant roots also display left-handed growth. 28736166 6 17 theme helical 733:739 arg1 growth 741:746 helical growth 733:746 helical growth of fixed handedness 733:766 Unlike other mutants that exhibit helical growth of fixed handedness, the orientation of cortical microtubule arrays is unaltered in rhm1 mutants. 28736166 3 18 theme rhm1 441:444 arg1 roots 453:457 rhm1 mutant roots 441:457 rhm1 mutant roots 441:457 rhm1 mutant roots also display left-handed growth. 28736166 7 19 theme novel 868:872 arg1 source 874:879 a novel source 866:879 a novel source of left-handed plant growth caused by changes in cell wall composition that is independent of microtubule orientation 866:997 Our findings reveal a novel source of left-handed plant growth caused by changes in cell wall composition that is independent of microtubule orientation. 28736166 7 19 theme novel 868:872 arg1 independent 960:970 independent 960:970 independent 960:970 Our findings reveal a novel source of left-handed plant growth caused by changes in cell wall composition that is independent of microtubule orientation. 28736166 2 20 theme cells 395:399 arg1 growth 369:374 dramatic left-handed helical growth 340:374 dramatic left-handed helical growth of petal epidermal cells 340:399 Here we report that mutations in Arabidopsis RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS 1 (RHM1) cause dramatic left-handed helical growth of petal epidermal cells, leading to left-handed twisted petals. 28736166 0 21 theme Cell 20:23 arg1 Polymers 30:37 Rhamnose-Containing Cell Wall Polymers 0:37 Rhamnose-Containing Cell Wall Polymers 0:37 Rhamnose-Containing Cell Wall Polymers Suppress Helical Plant Growth Independently of Microtubule Orientation. 28736166 8 22 theme rhamnose-containing 1041:1059 arg1 polymers 1071:1078 rhamnose-containing cell wall polymers 1041:1078 rhamnose-containing cell wall polymers 1041:1078 We propose that an important function of rhamnose-containing cell wall polymers is to suppress helical twisting of expanding plant cells. 28736166 6 23 from mutants 837:843 arg1 orientation 773:783 the orientation 769:783 the orientation of cortical microtubule arrays 769:814 Unlike other mutants that exhibit helical growth of fixed handedness, the orientation of cortical microtubule arrays is unaltered in rhm1 mutants. 28736166 6 23 from mutants 837:843 arg1 unaltered 819:827 unaltered 819:827 unaltered 819:827 Unlike other mutants that exhibit helical growth of fixed handedness, the orientation of cortical microtubule arrays is unaltered in rhm1 mutants. 28736166 7 24 from changes 919:925 arg1 composition 940:950 cell wall composition 930:950 cell wall composition 930:950 Our findings reveal a novel source of left-handed plant growth caused by changes in cell wall composition that is independent of microtubule orientation. 28736166 2 25 theme epidermal 385:393 arg1 cells 395:399 petal epidermal cells 379:399 petal epidermal cells 379:399 Here we report that mutations in Arabidopsis RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS 1 (RHM1) cause dramatic left-handed helical growth of petal epidermal cells, leading to left-handed twisted petals. 28736166 0 26 theme Rhamnose-Containing 0:18 arg1 Polymers 30:37 Rhamnose-Containing Cell Wall Polymers 0:37 Rhamnose-Containing Cell Wall Polymers 0:37 Rhamnose-Containing Cell Wall Polymers Suppress Helical Plant Growth Independently of Microtubule Orientation. 28736166 4 27 theme cell 556:559 arg1 expansion 561:569 epidermal cell expansion 546:569 epidermal cell expansion 546:569 Furthermore, we find that RHM1 is required to promote epidermal cell expansion. 28736166 8 28 theme helical 1095:1101 arg1 twisting 1103:1110 helical twisting 1095:1110 helical twisting of expanding plant cells 1095:1135 We propose that an important function of rhamnose-containing cell wall polymers is to suppress helical twisting of expanding plant cells. 28736166 6 29 theme arrays 809:814 arg1 orientation 773:783 the orientation 769:783 the orientation of cortical microtubule arrays 769:814 Unlike other mutants that exhibit helical growth of fixed handedness, the orientation of cortical microtubule arrays is unaltered in rhm1 mutants. 28736166 6 29 theme arrays 809:814 arg1 unaltered 819:827 unaltered 819:827 unaltered 819:827 Unlike other mutants that exhibit helical growth of fixed handedness, the orientation of cortical microtubule arrays is unaltered in rhm1 mutants. 28736166 1 30 theme variable 202:209 arg1 handedness 211:220 fixed or variable handedness 193:220 fixed or variable handedness 193:220 Although specific organs in some plant species exhibit helical growth patterns of fixed or variable handedness, most plant organs are not helical. 28736166 4 31 theme epidermal 546:554 arg1 expansion 561:569 epidermal cell expansion 546:569 epidermal cell expansion 546:569 Furthermore, we find that RHM1 is required to promote epidermal cell expansion. 28736166 8 32 theme expanding 1115:1123 arg1 cells 1131:1135 expanding plant cells 1115:1135 expanding plant cells 1115:1135 We propose that an important function of rhamnose-containing cell wall polymers is to suppress helical twisting of expanding plant cells. 28736166 5 33 theme rhm1 616:619 arg1 mutations 621:629 rhm1 mutations 616:629 rhm1 mutations 616:629 RHM1 encodes a UDP-L-rhamnose synthase, and rhm1 mutations affect synthesis of the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan-I. 28736166 1 34 theme specific 120:127 arg1 organs 129:134 specific organs 120:134 specific organs in some plant species 120:156 Although specific organs in some plant species exhibit helical growth patterns of fixed or variable handedness, most plant organs are not helical. 28736166 6 35 theme other 706:710 arg1 mutants 712:718 other mutants 706:718 other mutants that exhibit helical growth of fixed handedness 706:766 Unlike other mutants that exhibit helical growth of fixed handedness, the orientation of cortical microtubule arrays is unaltered in rhm1 mutants. 28736166 2 36 theme twisted 425:431 arg1 petals 433:438 left-handed twisted petals 413:438 left-handed twisted petals 413:438 Here we report that mutations in Arabidopsis RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS 1 (RHM1) cause dramatic left-handed helical growth of petal epidermal cells, leading to left-handed twisted petals. 28736166 0 37 theme Wall 25:28 arg1 Polymers 30:37 Rhamnose-Containing Cell Wall Polymers 0:37 Rhamnose-Containing Cell Wall Polymers 0:37 Rhamnose-Containing Cell Wall Polymers Suppress Helical Plant Growth Independently of Microtubule Orientation. 28736166 2 38 theme RHAMNOSE 303:310 arg1 BIOSYNTHESIS 312:323 Arabidopsis RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS 1 291:325 Arabidopsis RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS 1 (RHM1) 291:332 Here we report that mutations in Arabidopsis RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS 1 (RHM1) cause dramatic left-handed helical growth of petal epidermal cells, leading to left-handed twisted petals. 28736166 2 38 theme RHAMNOSE 303:310 arg1 RHM1 328:331 RHM1 328:331 RHM1 328:331 Here we report that mutations in Arabidopsis RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS 1 (RHM1) cause dramatic left-handed helical growth of petal epidermal cells, leading to left-handed twisted petals. 28736166 7 39 theme microtubule 975:985 arg1 orientation 987:997 microtubule orientation 975:997 microtubule orientation 975:997 Our findings reveal a novel source of left-handed plant growth caused by changes in cell wall composition that is independent of microtubule orientation. 28736166 2 40 theme left-handed 413:423 arg1 petals 433:438 left-handed twisted petals 413:438 left-handed twisted petals 413:438 Here we report that mutations in Arabidopsis RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS 1 (RHM1) cause dramatic left-handed helical growth of petal epidermal cells, leading to left-handed twisted petals. 28736166 0 41 theme Helical 48:54 arg1 Growth 62:67 Helical Plant Growth 48:67 Helical Plant Growth Independently of Microtubule Orientation 48:108 Rhamnose-Containing Cell Wall Polymers Suppress Helical Plant Growth Independently of Microtubule Orientation. 28736166 7 42 theme left-handed 884:894 arg1 growth 902:907 left-handed plant growth 884:907 left-handed plant growth caused by changes in cell wall composition 884:950 Our findings reveal a novel source of left-handed plant growth caused by changes in cell wall composition that is independent of microtubule orientation. 28736166 8 43 theme cells 1131:1135 arg1 twisting 1103:1110 helical twisting 1095:1110 helical twisting of expanding plant cells 1095:1135 We propose that an important function of rhamnose-containing cell wall polymers is to suppress helical twisting of expanding plant cells. 28736166 6 44 from unaltered 819:827 arg1 mutants 837:843 rhm1 mutants 832:843 rhm1 mutants 832:843 Unlike other mutants that exhibit helical growth of fixed handedness, the orientation of cortical microtubule arrays is unaltered in rhm1 mutants. 28736166 2 45 theme petal 379:383 arg1 cells 395:399 petal epidermal cells 379:399 petal epidermal cells 379:399 Here we report that mutations in Arabidopsis RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS 1 (RHM1) cause dramatic left-handed helical growth of petal epidermal cells, leading to left-handed twisted petals. 28736166 1 46 theme most 223:226 arg1 organs 234:239 most plant organs 223:239 most plant organs 223:239 Although specific organs in some plant species exhibit helical growth patterns of fixed or variable handedness, most plant organs are not helical. 28736166 7 47 theme cell 930:933 arg1 composition 940:950 cell wall composition 930:950 cell wall composition 930:950 Our findings reveal a novel source of left-handed plant growth caused by changes in cell wall composition that is independent of microtubule orientation. 28736166 8 48 theme plant 1125:1129 arg1 cells 1131:1135 expanding plant cells 1115:1135 expanding plant cells 1115:1135 We propose that an important function of rhamnose-containing cell wall polymers is to suppress helical twisting of expanding plant cells. 28736166 6 49 theme cortical 788:795 arg1 arrays 809:814 cortical microtubule arrays 788:814 cortical microtubule arrays 788:814 Unlike other mutants that exhibit helical growth of fixed handedness, the orientation of cortical microtubule arrays is unaltered in rhm1 mutants. 28736166 1 50 theme plant 228:232 arg1 organs 234:239 most plant organs 223:239 most plant organs 223:239 Although specific organs in some plant species exhibit helical growth patterns of fixed or variable handedness, most plant organs are not helical. 28736166 6 51 theme microtubule 797:807 arg1 arrays 809:814 cortical microtubule arrays 788:814 cortical microtubule arrays 788:814 Unlike other mutants that exhibit helical growth of fixed handedness, the orientation of cortical microtubule arrays is unaltered in rhm1 mutants. 28736166 2 52 theme dramatic 340:347 arg1 growth 369:374 dramatic left-handed helical growth 340:374 dramatic left-handed helical growth of petal epidermal cells 340:399 Here we report that mutations in Arabidopsis RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS 1 (RHM1) cause dramatic left-handed helical growth of petal epidermal cells, leading to left-handed twisted petals. 28736166 0 53 theme Plant 56:60 arg1 Growth 62:67 Helical Plant Growth 48:67 Helical Plant Growth Independently of Microtubule Orientation 48:108 Rhamnose-Containing Cell Wall Polymers Suppress Helical Plant Growth Independently of Microtubule Orientation. 28736166 2 54 from mutations 278:286 arg1 BIOSYNTHESIS 312:323 Arabidopsis RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS 1 291:325 Arabidopsis RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS 1 (RHM1) 291:332 Here we report that mutations in Arabidopsis RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS 1 (RHM1) cause dramatic left-handed helical growth of petal epidermal cells, leading to left-handed twisted petals. 28736166 2 54 from mutations 278:286 arg1 RHM1 328:331 RHM1 328:331 RHM1 328:331 Here we report that mutations in Arabidopsis RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS 1 (RHM1) cause dramatic left-handed helical growth of petal epidermal cells, leading to left-handed twisted petals. 28736166 5 55 theme UDP-L-rhamnose 587:600 arg1 RHM1 572:575 RHM1 572:575 RHM1 572:575 RHM1 encodes a UDP-L-rhamnose synthase, and rhm1 mutations affect synthesis of the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan-I. 28736166 5 55 theme UDP-L-rhamnose 587:600 arg1 synthase 602:609 a UDP-L-rhamnose synthase 585:609 a UDP-L-rhamnose synthase 585:609 RHM1 encodes a UDP-L-rhamnose synthase, and rhm1 mutations affect synthesis of the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan-I. 28736166 1 56 theme plant 144:148 arg1 species 150:156 some plant species 139:156 some plant species 139:156 Although specific organs in some plant species exhibit helical growth patterns of fixed or variable handedness, most plant organs are not helical. 28736166 1 57 from organs 129:134 arg1 species 150:156 some plant species 139:156 some plant species 139:156 Although specific organs in some plant species exhibit helical growth patterns of fixed or variable handedness, most plant organs are not helical. 28736166 6 58 theme handedness 757:766 arg1 growth 741:746 helical growth 733:746 helical growth of fixed handedness 733:766 Unlike other mutants that exhibit helical growth of fixed handedness, the orientation of cortical microtubule arrays is unaltered in rhm1 mutants. 28736166 3 59 theme mutant 446:451 arg1 roots 453:457 rhm1 mutant roots 441:457 rhm1 mutant roots 441:457 rhm1 mutant roots also display left-handed growth. 28736166 1 60 theme handedness 211:220 arg1 patterns 181:188 helical growth patterns 166:188 helical growth patterns of fixed or variable handedness 166:220 Although specific organs in some plant species exhibit helical growth patterns of fixed or variable handedness, most plant organs are not helical. 28736166 1 61 theme fixed 193:197 arg1 handedness 211:220 fixed or variable handedness 193:220 fixed or variable handedness 193:220 Although specific organs in some plant species exhibit helical growth patterns of fixed or variable handedness, most plant organs are not helical. 28736166 8 62 theme cell 1061:1064 arg1 polymers 1071:1078 rhamnose-containing cell wall polymers 1041:1078 rhamnose-containing cell wall polymers 1041:1078 We propose that an important function of rhamnose-containing cell wall polymers is to suppress helical twisting of expanding plant cells. 28736166 6 63 theme fixed 751:755 arg1 handedness 757:766 fixed handedness 751:766 fixed handedness 751:766 Unlike other mutants that exhibit helical growth of fixed handedness, the orientation of cortical microtubule arrays is unaltered in rhm1 mutants. 28736166 1 64 theme helical 166:172 arg1 patterns 181:188 helical growth patterns 166:188 helical growth patterns of fixed or variable handedness 166:220 Although specific organs in some plant species exhibit helical growth patterns of fixed or variable handedness, most plant organs are not helical. 25492673 6 0 theme wall 1127:1130 arg1 amount 1112:1117 the amount 1108:1117 the amount of cell wall bound galactose 1108:1146 Constitutive and tissue-specific expression of a poplar UGE and three Arabidopsis UGEs in Arabidopsis plants could not significantly increase the amount of cell wall bound galactose. 25492673 6 0 theme wall 1127:1130 arg1 wall 1127:1130 cell wall 1122:1130 cell wall 1122:1130 Constitutive and tissue-specific expression of a poplar UGE and three Arabidopsis UGEs in Arabidopsis plants could not significantly increase the amount of cell wall bound galactose. 25492673 4 1 theme galactan 609:616 arg1 amount 592:597 the amount 588:597 the amount of pectic galactan 588:616 A genetic engineering approach was used to investigate whether the amount of pectic galactan can be specifically increased in cell walls of Arabidopsis fiber cells, which in turn could provide a potential source of readily fermentable galactose. 25492673 4 1 theme galactan 609:616 arg1 galactan 609:616 pectic galactan 602:616 pectic galactan 602:616 A genetic engineering approach was used to investigate whether the amount of pectic galactan can be specifically increased in cell walls of Arabidopsis fiber cells, which in turn could provide a potential source of readily fermentable galactose. 25492673 5 2 theme galactan 956:963 arg1 biosynthesis 940:951 the biosynthesis 936:951 the biosynthesis of galactan 936:963 RESULTS First it was tested if overexpression of various plant UDP-glucose 4-epimerases (UGEs) could increase the availability of UDP-galactose and thereby increase the biosynthesis of galactan. 25492673 2 3 theme Lignocellulosic 293:307 arg1 biomass 309:315 Lignocellulosic biomass 293:315 Lignocellulosic biomass 293:315 Lignocellulosic biomass contains a high proportion of pentose residues, which are more difficult to convert into fuels than hexoses. 25492673 1 4 theme biofuel 273:279 arg1 production 281:290 next-generation biofuel production 257:290 next-generation biofuel production 257:290 BACKGROUND Engineering of plants with a composition of lignocellulosic biomass that is more suitable for downstream processing is of high interest for next-generation biofuel production. 25492673 1 5 theme BACKGROUND 106:115 arg1 Engineering 117:127 BACKGROUND Engineering 106:127 BACKGROUND Engineering of plants with a composition of lignocellulosic biomass that is more suitable for downstream processing 106:231 BACKGROUND Engineering of plants with a composition of lignocellulosic biomass that is more suitable for downstream processing is of high interest for next-generation biofuel production. 25492673 10 6 from walls 1790:1794 arg1 galactose 1732:1740 the increased galactose 1718:1740 the increased galactose 1718:1740 Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that the increased galactose was present as β-1,4-galactan in secondary cell walls. 25492673 10 6 from walls 1790:1794 arg1 present 1746:1752 present 1746:1752 present 1746:1752 Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that the increased galactose was present as β-1,4-galactan in secondary cell walls. 25492673 12 7 theme biomass 2192:2198 arg1 amount 2200:2205 the overall biomass amount 2180:2205 the overall biomass amount 2180:2205 Moreover, the increased galactan content in fiber cells while improving the biomass composition had no impact on plant growth and development and hence on the overall biomass amount. 25492673 9 8 dep levels 1665:1670 arg1 addition 1624:1631 addition 1624:1631 addition 1624:1631 Furthermore, AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression in combination with overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis resulted in increased thickness of fiber cell walls in addition to the high cell wall galactose levels. 25492673 12 9 theme galactan 2049:2056 arg1 content 2058:2064 the increased galactan content 2035:2064 the increased galactan content in fiber cells while improving the biomass composition 2035:2119 Moreover, the increased galactan content in fiber cells while improving the biomass composition had no impact on plant growth and development and hence on the overall biomass amount. 25492673 4 10 used used 560:563 arg2 approach 547:554 A genetic engineering approach 525:554 A genetic engineering approach 525:554 A genetic engineering approach was used to investigate whether the amount of pectic galactan can be specifically increased in cell walls of Arabidopsis fiber cells, which in turn could provide a potential source of readily fermentable galactose. 25492673 5 11 theme various 820:826 arg1 UGEs 860:863 UGEs 860:863 UGEs 860:863 RESULTS First it was tested if overexpression of various plant UDP-glucose 4-epimerases (UGEs) could increase the availability of UDP-galactose and thereby increase the biosynthesis of galactan. 25492673 5 11 theme various 820:826 arg1 4-epimerases 846:857 various plant UDP-glucose 4-epimerases 820:857 various plant UDP-glucose 4-epimerases (UGEs) 820:864 RESULTS First it was tested if overexpression of various plant UDP-glucose 4-epimerases (UGEs) could increase the availability of UDP-galactose and thereby increase the biosynthesis of galactan. 25492673 1 12 theme biomass 177:183 arg1 composition 146:156 a composition 144:156 a composition of lignocellulosic biomass 144:183 BACKGROUND Engineering of plants with a composition of lignocellulosic biomass that is more suitable for downstream processing is of high interest for next-generation biofuel production. 25492673 12 13 theme fiber 2069:2073 arg1 cells 2075:2079 fiber cells 2069:2079 fiber cells 2069:2079 Moreover, the increased galactan content in fiber cells while improving the biomass composition had no impact on plant growth and development and hence on the overall biomass amount. 25492673 11 14 theme cell 1908:1911 arg1 wall 1913:1916 the cell wall 1904:1916 the cell wall 1904:1916 CONCLUSIONS This approach clearly indicates that simultaneous overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 increases the cell wall galactose to much higher levels than can be achieved by overexpressing either one of these proteins alone. 25492673 2 15 theme high 328:331 arg1 proportion 333:342 a high proportion 326:342 a high proportion of pentose residues, which are more difficult to convert into fuels than hexoses 326:423 Lignocellulosic biomass contains a high proportion of pentose residues, which are more difficult to convert into fuels than hexoses. 25492673 9 16 theme master 1515:1520 arg1 regulator 1522:1530 the NST1 master regulator 1506:1530 the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis 1506:1567 Furthermore, AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression in combination with overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis resulted in increased thickness of fiber cell walls in addition to the high cell wall galactose levels. 25492673 4 17 theme cell 651:654 arg1 walls 656:660 cell walls 651:660 cell walls of Arabidopsis fiber cells, which in turn could provide a potential source of readily fermentable galactose 651:768 A genetic engineering approach was used to investigate whether the amount of pectic galactan can be specifically increased in cell walls of Arabidopsis fiber cells, which in turn could provide a potential source of readily fermentable galactose. 25492673 12 18 theme increased 2039:2047 arg1 content 2058:2064 the increased galactan content 2035:2064 the increased galactan content in fiber cells while improving the biomass composition 2035:2119 Moreover, the increased galactan content in fiber cells while improving the biomass composition had no impact on plant growth and development and hence on the overall biomass amount. 25492673 6 19 theme tissue-specific 983:997 arg1 expression 999:1008 Constitutive and tissue-specific expression 966:1008 Constitutive and tissue-specific expression of a poplar UGE and three Arabidopsis UGEs in Arabidopsis plants 966:1073 Constitutive and tissue-specific expression of a poplar UGE and three Arabidopsis UGEs in Arabidopsis plants could not significantly increase the amount of cell wall bound galactose. 25492673 8 20 theme wall 1318:1321 arg1 levels 1333:1338 cell wall galactose levels 1313:1338 cell wall galactose levels in Arabidopsis stems 1313:1359 Co-overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 led to over 80% increase in cell wall galactose levels in Arabidopsis stems, providing evidence that these proteins work synergistically. 25492673 1 21 theme downstream 211:220 arg1 processing 222:231 downstream processing 211:231 downstream processing 211:231 BACKGROUND Engineering of plants with a composition of lignocellulosic biomass that is more suitable for downstream processing is of high interest for next-generation biofuel production. 25492673 6 22 theme Constitutive 966:977 arg1 expression 999:1008 Constitutive and tissue-specific expression 966:1008 Constitutive and tissue-specific expression of a poplar UGE and three Arabidopsis UGEs in Arabidopsis plants 966:1073 Constitutive and tissue-specific expression of a poplar UGE and three Arabidopsis UGEs in Arabidopsis plants could not significantly increase the amount of cell wall bound galactose. 25492673 13 23 theme stacking 2242:2249 arg1 approach 2251:2258 the gene stacking approach 2233:2258 the gene stacking approach described here 2233:2273 Thus, we could show that the gene stacking approach described here is a promising method to engineer advanced feedstocks for biofuel production. 25492673 13 23 theme stacking 2242:2249 arg1 method 2290:2295 a promising method 2278:2295 a promising method to engineer advanced feedstocks for biofuel production 2278:2350 Thus, we could show that the gene stacking approach described here is a promising method to engineer advanced feedstocks for biofuel production. 25492673 10 24 theme Immunofluorescence 1673:1690 arg1 microscopy 1692:1701 Immunofluorescence microscopy 1673:1701 Immunofluorescence microscopy 1673:1701 Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that the increased galactose was present as β-1,4-galactan in secondary cell walls. 25492673 8 25 theme Arabidopsis 1343:1353 arg1 stems 1355:1359 Arabidopsis stems 1343:1359 Arabidopsis stems 1343:1359 Co-overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 led to over 80% increase in cell wall galactose levels in Arabidopsis stems, providing evidence that these proteins work synergistically. 25492673 11 26 theme simultaneous 1846:1857 arg1 overexpression 1859:1872 simultaneous overexpression 1846:1872 simultaneous overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 1846:1892 CONCLUSIONS This approach clearly indicates that simultaneous overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 increases the cell wall galactose to much higher levels than can be achieved by overexpressing either one of these proteins alone. 25492673 1 27 theme plants 132:137 arg1 Engineering 117:127 BACKGROUND Engineering 106:127 BACKGROUND Engineering of plants with a composition of lignocellulosic biomass that is more suitable for downstream processing 106:231 BACKGROUND Engineering of plants with a composition of lignocellulosic biomass that is more suitable for downstream processing is of high interest for next-generation biofuel production. 25492673 0 28 from levels 83:88 arg1 Arabidopsis 93:103 Arabidopsis 93:103 Arabidopsis 93:103 A gene stacking approach leads to engineered plants with highly increased galactan levels in Arabidopsis. 25492673 5 29 theme UDP-glucose 834:844 arg1 UGEs 860:863 UGEs 860:863 UGEs 860:863 RESULTS First it was tested if overexpression of various plant UDP-glucose 4-epimerases (UGEs) could increase the availability of UDP-galactose and thereby increase the biosynthesis of galactan. 25492673 5 29 theme UDP-glucose 834:844 arg1 4-epimerases 846:857 various plant UDP-glucose 4-epimerases 820:857 various plant UDP-glucose 4-epimerases (UGEs) 820:864 RESULTS First it was tested if overexpression of various plant UDP-glucose 4-epimerases (UGEs) could increase the availability of UDP-galactose and thereby increase the biosynthesis of galactan. 25492673 5 30 theme UDP-galactose 901:913 arg1 availability 885:896 the availability 881:896 the availability of UDP-galactose 881:913 RESULTS First it was tested if overexpression of various plant UDP-glucose 4-epimerases (UGEs) could increase the availability of UDP-galactose and thereby increase the biosynthesis of galactan. 25492673 6 31 theme Arabidopsis 1036:1046 arg1 UGEs 1048:1051 three Arabidopsis UGEs 1030:1051 three Arabidopsis UGEs 1030:1051 Constitutive and tissue-specific expression of a poplar UGE and three Arabidopsis UGEs in Arabidopsis plants could not significantly increase the amount of cell wall bound galactose. 25492673 0 32 theme increased 64:72 arg1 levels 83:88 highly increased galactan levels 57:88 highly increased galactan levels in Arabidopsis 57:103 A gene stacking approach leads to engineered plants with highly increased galactan levels in Arabidopsis. 25492673 9 33 theme fiber 1604:1608 arg1 walls 1615:1619 fiber cell walls 1604:1619 fiber cell walls 1604:1619 Furthermore, AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression in combination with overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis resulted in increased thickness of fiber cell walls in addition to the high cell wall galactose levels. 25492673 10 34 attach present 1746:1752 arg1 walls 1790:1794 secondary cell walls 1775:1794 secondary cell walls 1775:1794 Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that the increased galactose was present as β-1,4-galactan in secondary cell walls. 25492673 10 34 attach present 1746:1752 arg2 present 1746:1752 present 1746:1752 present 1746:1752 Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that the increased galactose was present as β-1,4-galactan in secondary cell walls. 25492673 10 34 attach present 1746:1752 arg2 galactose 1732:1740 the increased galactose 1718:1740 the increased galactose 1718:1740 Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that the increased galactose was present as β-1,4-galactan in secondary cell walls. 25492673 8 35 from levels 1333:1338 arg1 stems 1355:1359 Arabidopsis stems 1343:1359 Arabidopsis stems 1343:1359 Co-overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 led to over 80% increase in cell wall galactose levels in Arabidopsis stems, providing evidence that these proteins work synergistically. 25492673 9 36 theme walls 1615:1619 arg1 thickness 1591:1599 increased thickness 1581:1599 increased thickness of fiber cell walls 1581:1619 Furthermore, AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression in combination with overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis resulted in increased thickness of fiber cell walls in addition to the high cell wall galactose levels. 25492673 6 37 theme poplar 1015:1020 arg1 UGE 1022:1024 a poplar UGE 1013:1024 a poplar UGE 1013:1024 Constitutive and tissue-specific expression of a poplar UGE and three Arabidopsis UGEs in Arabidopsis plants could not significantly increase the amount of cell wall bound galactose. 25492673 13 38 theme gene 2237:2240 arg1 approach 2251:2258 the gene stacking approach 2233:2258 the gene stacking approach described here 2233:2273 Thus, we could show that the gene stacking approach described here is a promising method to engineer advanced feedstocks for biofuel production. 25492673 13 38 theme gene 2237:2240 arg1 method 2290:2295 a promising method 2278:2295 a promising method to engineer advanced feedstocks for biofuel production 2278:2350 Thus, we could show that the gene stacking approach described here is a promising method to engineer advanced feedstocks for biofuel production. 25492673 1 39 with plants 132:137 arg1 composition 146:156 a composition 144:156 a composition of lignocellulosic biomass 144:183 BACKGROUND Engineering of plants with a composition of lignocellulosic biomass that is more suitable for downstream processing is of high interest for next-generation biofuel production. 25492673 8 40 dep increase 1301:1308 arg1 % 1299:1299 % 1299:1299 % 1299:1299 Co-overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 led to over 80% increase in cell wall galactose levels in Arabidopsis stems, providing evidence that these proteins work synergistically. 25492673 10 41 theme increased 1722:1730 arg1 galactose 1732:1740 the increased galactose 1718:1740 the increased galactose 1718:1740 Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that the increased galactose was present as β-1,4-galactan in secondary cell walls. 25492673 10 41 theme increased 1722:1730 arg1 present 1746:1752 present 1746:1752 present 1746:1752 Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that the increased galactose was present as β-1,4-galactan in secondary cell walls. 25492673 7 42 theme synthase 1231:1238 arg1 GalS1 1240:1244 the β-1,4-galactan synthase GalS1 1212:1244 the β-1,4-galactan synthase GalS1 1212:1244 We then investigated co-overexpression of AtUGE2 together with the β-1,4-galactan synthase GalS1. 25492673 6 43 from expression 999:1008 arg1 plants 1068:1073 Arabidopsis plants 1056:1073 Arabidopsis plants 1056:1073 Constitutive and tissue-specific expression of a poplar UGE and three Arabidopsis UGEs in Arabidopsis plants could not significantly increase the amount of cell wall bound galactose. 25492673 4 44 theme galactose 760:768 arg1 source 730:735 a potential source 718:735 a potential source of readily fermentable galactose 718:768 A genetic engineering approach was used to investigate whether the amount of pectic galactan can be specifically increased in cell walls of Arabidopsis fiber cells, which in turn could provide a potential source of readily fermentable galactose. 25492673 11 45 dep one 1996:1998 arg1 either 1989:1994 either 1989:1994 either 1989:1994 CONCLUSIONS This approach clearly indicates that simultaneous overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 increases the cell wall galactose to much higher levels than can be achieved by overexpressing either one of these proteins alone. 25492673 0 46 theme stacking 7:14 arg1 approach 16:23 A gene stacking approach 0:23 A gene stacking approach 0:23 A gene stacking approach leads to engineered plants with highly increased galactan levels in Arabidopsis. 25492673 13 47 theme advanced 2309:2316 arg1 feedstocks 2318:2327 advanced feedstocks 2309:2327 advanced feedstocks for biofuel production 2309:2350 Thus, we could show that the gene stacking approach described here is a promising method to engineer advanced feedstocks for biofuel production. 25492673 9 48 theme cell 1645:1648 arg1 levels 1665:1670 the high cell wall galactose levels 1636:1670 the high cell wall galactose levels 1636:1670 Furthermore, AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression in combination with overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis resulted in increased thickness of fiber cell walls in addition to the high cell wall galactose levels. 25492673 4 49 theme fiber 677:681 arg1 cells 683:687 Arabidopsis fiber cells 665:687 Arabidopsis fiber cells 665:687 A genetic engineering approach was used to investigate whether the amount of pectic galactan can be specifically increased in cell walls of Arabidopsis fiber cells, which in turn could provide a potential source of readily fermentable galactose. 25492673 2 50 contain contains 317:324 arg2 proportion 333:342 a high proportion 326:342 a high proportion of pentose residues, which are more difficult to convert into fuels than hexoses 326:423 Lignocellulosic biomass contains a high proportion of pentose residues, which are more difficult to convert into fuels than hexoses. 25492673 2 50 contain contains 317:324 arg1 biomass 309:315 Lignocellulosic biomass 293:315 Lignocellulosic biomass 293:315 Lignocellulosic biomass contains a high proportion of pentose residues, which are more difficult to convert into fuels than hexoses. 25492673 9 51 theme galactose 1655:1663 arg1 levels 1665:1670 the high cell wall galactose levels 1636:1670 the high cell wall galactose levels 1636:1670 Furthermore, AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression in combination with overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis resulted in increased thickness of fiber cell walls in addition to the high cell wall galactose levels. 25492673 4 52 theme engineering 535:545 arg1 approach 547:554 A genetic engineering approach 525:554 A genetic engineering approach 525:554 A genetic engineering approach was used to investigate whether the amount of pectic galactan can be specifically increased in cell walls of Arabidopsis fiber cells, which in turn could provide a potential source of readily fermentable galactose. 25492673 0 53 theme engineered 34:43 arg1 plants 45:50 engineered plants 34:50 engineered plants with highly increased galactan levels in Arabidopsis 34:103 A gene stacking approach leads to engineered plants with highly increased galactan levels in Arabidopsis. 25492673 13 54 theme promising 2280:2288 arg1 approach 2251:2258 the gene stacking approach 2233:2258 the gene stacking approach described here 2233:2273 Thus, we could show that the gene stacking approach described here is a promising method to engineer advanced feedstocks for biofuel production. 25492673 13 54 theme promising 2280:2288 arg1 method 2290:2295 a promising method 2278:2295 a promising method to engineer advanced feedstocks for biofuel production 2278:2350 Thus, we could show that the gene stacking approach described here is a promising method to engineer advanced feedstocks for biofuel production. 25492673 9 55 from overexpression 1453:1466 arg1 combination 1471:1481 combination 1471:1481 combination with overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis 1471:1567 Furthermore, AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression in combination with overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis resulted in increased thickness of fiber cell walls in addition to the high cell wall galactose levels. 25492673 12 56 from content 2058:2064 arg1 cells 2075:2079 fiber cells 2069:2079 fiber cells 2069:2079 Moreover, the increased galactan content in fiber cells while improving the biomass composition had no impact on plant growth and development and hence on the overall biomass amount. 25492673 9 57 with combination 1471:1481 arg1 overexpression 1488:1501 overexpression 1488:1501 overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis 1488:1567 Furthermore, AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression in combination with overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis resulted in increased thickness of fiber cell walls in addition to the high cell wall galactose levels. 25492673 2 58 theme pentose 347:353 arg1 residues 355:362 pentose residues 347:362 pentose residues 347:362 Lignocellulosic biomass contains a high proportion of pentose residues, which are more difficult to convert into fuels than hexoses. 25492673 9 59 theme AtUGE2 1436:1441 arg1 overexpression 1453:1466 AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression 1436:1466 AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression in combination with overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis 1436:1567 Furthermore, AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression in combination with overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis resulted in increased thickness of fiber cell walls in addition to the high cell wall galactose levels. 25492673 13 60 theme biofuel 2333:2339 arg1 production 2341:2350 biofuel production 2333:2350 biofuel production 2333:2350 Thus, we could show that the gene stacking approach described here is a promising method to engineer advanced feedstocks for biofuel production. 25492673 9 61 theme GalS1 1447:1451 arg1 overexpression 1453:1466 AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression 1436:1466 AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression in combination with overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis 1436:1567 Furthermore, AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression in combination with overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis resulted in increased thickness of fiber cell walls in addition to the high cell wall galactose levels. 25492673 11 62 dep CONCLUSIONS 1797:1807 arg1 indicates 1831:1839 indicates 1831:1839 indicates that simultaneous overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 increases the cell wall galactose to much higher levels than can be achieved by overexpressing either one of these proteins alone 1831:2022 CONCLUSIONS This approach clearly indicates that simultaneous overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 increases the cell wall galactose to much higher levels than can be achieved by overexpressing either one of these proteins alone. 25492673 6 63 theme cell 1122:1125 arg1 wall 1127:1130 cell wall 1122:1130 cell wall 1122:1130 Constitutive and tissue-specific expression of a poplar UGE and three Arabidopsis UGEs in Arabidopsis plants could not significantly increase the amount of cell wall bound galactose. 25492673 10 64 located present 1746:1752 arg1 walls 1790:1794 secondary cell walls 1775:1794 secondary cell walls 1775:1794 Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that the increased galactose was present as β-1,4-galactan in secondary cell walls. 25492673 10 64 located present 1746:1752 arg2 present 1746:1752 present 1746:1752 present 1746:1752 Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that the increased galactose was present as β-1,4-galactan in secondary cell walls. 25492673 10 64 located present 1746:1752 arg2 galactose 1732:1740 the increased galactose 1718:1740 the increased galactose 1718:1740 Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that the increased galactose was present as β-1,4-galactan in secondary cell walls. 25492673 1 65 theme next-generation 257:271 arg1 production 281:290 next-generation biofuel production 257:290 next-generation biofuel production 257:290 BACKGROUND Engineering of plants with a composition of lignocellulosic biomass that is more suitable for downstream processing is of high interest for next-generation biofuel production. 25492673 4 66 theme pectic 602:607 arg1 galactan 609:616 pectic galactan 602:616 pectic galactan 602:616 A genetic engineering approach was used to investigate whether the amount of pectic galactan can be specifically increased in cell walls of Arabidopsis fiber cells, which in turn could provide a potential source of readily fermentable galactose. 25492673 1 67 theme lignocellulosic 161:175 arg1 biomass 177:183 lignocellulosic biomass 161:183 lignocellulosic biomass 161:183 BACKGROUND Engineering of plants with a composition of lignocellulosic biomass that is more suitable for downstream processing is of high interest for next-generation biofuel production. 25492673 12 68 theme biomass 2101:2107 arg1 composition 2109:2119 the biomass composition 2097:2119 the biomass composition 2097:2119 Moreover, the increased galactan content in fiber cells while improving the biomass composition had no impact on plant growth and development and hence on the overall biomass amount. 25492673 4 69 theme Arabidopsis 665:675 arg1 cells 683:687 Arabidopsis fiber cells 665:687 Arabidopsis fiber cells 665:687 A genetic engineering approach was used to investigate whether the amount of pectic galactan can be specifically increased in cell walls of Arabidopsis fiber cells, which in turn could provide a potential source of readily fermentable galactose. 25492673 9 70 theme NST1 1510:1513 arg1 regulator 1522:1530 the NST1 master regulator 1506:1530 the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis 1506:1567 Furthermore, AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression in combination with overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis resulted in increased thickness of fiber cell walls in addition to the high cell wall galactose levels. 25492673 4 71 theme cells 683:687 arg1 walls 656:660 cell walls 651:660 cell walls of Arabidopsis fiber cells, which in turn could provide a potential source of readily fermentable galactose 651:768 A genetic engineering approach was used to investigate whether the amount of pectic galactan can be specifically increased in cell walls of Arabidopsis fiber cells, which in turn could provide a potential source of readily fermentable galactose. 25492673 12 72 contain had 2121:2123 arg1 content 2058:2064 the increased galactan content 2035:2064 the increased galactan content in fiber cells while improving the biomass composition 2035:2119 Moreover, the increased galactan content in fiber cells while improving the biomass composition had no impact on plant growth and development and hence on the overall biomass amount. 25492673 12 72 contain had 2121:2123 arg2 impact 2128:2133 no impact 2125:2133 no impact 2125:2133 Moreover, the increased galactan content in fiber cells while improving the biomass composition had no impact on plant growth and development and hence on the overall biomass amount. 25492673 9 73 theme regulator 1522:1530 arg1 overexpression 1488:1501 overexpression 1488:1501 overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis 1488:1567 Furthermore, AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression in combination with overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis resulted in increased thickness of fiber cell walls in addition to the high cell wall galactose levels. 25492673 12 74 theme overall 2184:2190 arg1 amount 2200:2205 the overall biomass amount 2180:2205 the overall biomass amount 2180:2205 Moreover, the increased galactan content in fiber cells while improving the biomass composition had no impact on plant growth and development and hence on the overall biomass amount. 25492673 2 75 theme residues 355:362 arg1 proportion 333:342 a high proportion 326:342 a high proportion of pentose residues, which are more difficult to convert into fuels than hexoses 326:423 Lignocellulosic biomass contains a high proportion of pentose residues, which are more difficult to convert into fuels than hexoses. 25492673 9 76 theme secondary 1536:1544 arg1 biosynthesis 1556:1567 secondary cell wall biosynthesis 1536:1567 secondary cell wall biosynthesis 1536:1567 Furthermore, AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression in combination with overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis resulted in increased thickness of fiber cell walls in addition to the high cell wall galactose levels. 25492673 8 77 theme AtUGE2 1268:1273 arg1 Co-overexpression 1247:1263 Co-overexpression 1247:1263 Co-overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 1247:1283 Co-overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 led to over 80% increase in cell wall galactose levels in Arabidopsis stems, providing evidence that these proteins work synergistically. 25492673 8 78 theme cell 1313:1316 arg1 levels 1333:1338 cell wall galactose levels 1313:1338 cell wall galactose levels in Arabidopsis stems 1313:1359 Co-overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 led to over 80% increase in cell wall galactose levels in Arabidopsis stems, providing evidence that these proteins work synergistically. 25492673 11 79 theme higher 1936:1941 arg1 levels 1943:1948 much higher levels 1931:1948 much higher levels than can be achieved by overexpressing either one of these proteins alone 1931:2022 CONCLUSIONS This approach clearly indicates that simultaneous overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 increases the cell wall galactose to much higher levels than can be achieved by overexpressing either one of these proteins alone. 25492673 9 80 theme wall 1551:1554 arg1 biosynthesis 1556:1567 secondary cell wall biosynthesis 1536:1567 secondary cell wall biosynthesis 1536:1567 Furthermore, AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression in combination with overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis resulted in increased thickness of fiber cell walls in addition to the high cell wall galactose levels. 25492673 8 81 theme GalS1 1279:1283 arg1 Co-overexpression 1247:1263 Co-overexpression 1247:1263 Co-overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 1247:1283 Co-overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 led to over 80% increase in cell wall galactose levels in Arabidopsis stems, providing evidence that these proteins work synergistically. 25492673 8 82 theme galactose 1323:1331 arg1 levels 1333:1338 cell wall galactose levels 1313:1338 cell wall galactose levels in Arabidopsis stems 1313:1359 Co-overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 led to over 80% increase in cell wall galactose levels in Arabidopsis stems, providing evidence that these proteins work synergistically. 25492673 6 83 theme Arabidopsis 1056:1066 arg1 plants 1068:1073 Arabidopsis plants 1056:1073 Arabidopsis plants 1056:1073 Constitutive and tissue-specific expression of a poplar UGE and three Arabidopsis UGEs in Arabidopsis plants could not significantly increase the amount of cell wall bound galactose. 25492673 11 84 dep levels 1943:1948 arg1 achieved 1962:1969 achieved 1962:1969 can be achieved by overexpressing either one of these proteins alone 1955:2022 CONCLUSIONS This approach clearly indicates that simultaneous overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 increases the cell wall galactose to much higher levels than can be achieved by overexpressing either one of these proteins alone. 25492673 4 85 theme potential 720:728 arg1 source 730:735 a potential source 718:735 a potential source of readily fermentable galactose 718:768 A genetic engineering approach was used to investigate whether the amount of pectic galactan can be specifically increased in cell walls of Arabidopsis fiber cells, which in turn could provide a potential source of readily fermentable galactose. 25492673 10 86 theme cell 1785:1788 arg1 walls 1790:1794 secondary cell walls 1775:1794 secondary cell walls 1775:1794 Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that the increased galactose was present as β-1,4-galactan in secondary cell walls. 25492673 5 87 theme 4-epimerases 846:857 arg1 overexpression 802:815 overexpression 802:815 overexpression of various plant UDP-glucose 4-epimerases (UGEs) 802:864 RESULTS First it was tested if overexpression of various plant UDP-glucose 4-epimerases (UGEs) could increase the availability of UDP-galactose and thereby increase the biosynthesis of galactan. 25492673 9 88 theme increased 1581:1589 arg1 thickness 1591:1599 increased thickness 1581:1599 increased thickness of fiber cell walls 1581:1619 Furthermore, AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression in combination with overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis resulted in increased thickness of fiber cell walls in addition to the high cell wall galactose levels. 25492673 6 89 theme UGEs 1048:1051 arg1 expression 999:1008 Constitutive and tissue-specific expression 966:1008 Constitutive and tissue-specific expression of a poplar UGE and three Arabidopsis UGEs in Arabidopsis plants 966:1073 Constitutive and tissue-specific expression of a poplar UGE and three Arabidopsis UGEs in Arabidopsis plants could not significantly increase the amount of cell wall bound galactose. 25492673 12 90 theme plant 2138:2142 arg1 growth 2144:2149 plant growth 2138:2149 plant growth 2138:2149 Moreover, the increased galactan content in fiber cells while improving the biomass composition had no impact on plant growth and development and hence on the overall biomass amount. 25492673 0 91 theme galactan 74:81 arg1 levels 83:88 highly increased galactan levels 57:88 highly increased galactan levels in Arabidopsis 57:103 A gene stacking approach leads to engineered plants with highly increased galactan levels in Arabidopsis. 25492673 8 92 from increase 1301:1308 arg1 levels 1333:1338 cell wall galactose levels 1313:1338 cell wall galactose levels in Arabidopsis stems 1313:1359 Co-overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 led to over 80% increase in cell wall galactose levels in Arabidopsis stems, providing evidence that these proteins work synergistically. 25492673 4 93 theme genetic 527:533 arg1 approach 547:554 A genetic engineering approach 525:554 A genetic engineering approach 525:554 A genetic engineering approach was used to investigate whether the amount of pectic galactan can be specifically increased in cell walls of Arabidopsis fiber cells, which in turn could provide a potential source of readily fermentable galactose. 25492673 11 94 theme GalS1 1888:1892 arg1 overexpression 1859:1872 simultaneous overexpression 1846:1872 simultaneous overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 1846:1892 CONCLUSIONS This approach clearly indicates that simultaneous overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 increases the cell wall galactose to much higher levels than can be achieved by overexpressing either one of these proteins alone. 25492673 9 95 theme cell 1610:1613 arg1 walls 1615:1619 fiber cell walls 1604:1619 fiber cell walls 1604:1619 Furthermore, AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression in combination with overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis resulted in increased thickness of fiber cell walls in addition to the high cell wall galactose levels. 25492673 6 96 theme UGE 1022:1024 arg1 expression 999:1008 Constitutive and tissue-specific expression 966:1008 Constitutive and tissue-specific expression of a poplar UGE and three Arabidopsis UGEs in Arabidopsis plants 966:1073 Constitutive and tissue-specific expression of a poplar UGE and three Arabidopsis UGEs in Arabidopsis plants could not significantly increase the amount of cell wall bound galactose. 25492673 11 97 theme AtUGE2 1877:1882 arg1 overexpression 1859:1872 simultaneous overexpression 1846:1872 simultaneous overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 1846:1892 CONCLUSIONS This approach clearly indicates that simultaneous overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 increases the cell wall galactose to much higher levels than can be achieved by overexpressing either one of these proteins alone. 25492673 3 98 theme hexose/pentose 452:465 arg1 approach 491:498 one approach 487:498 one approach for biomass improvement 487:522 Therefore, increasing the hexose/pentose ratio in biomass is one approach for biomass improvement. 25492673 3 98 theme hexose/pentose 452:465 arg1 ratio 467:471 the hexose/pentose ratio 448:471 increasing the hexose/pentose ratio in biomass 437:482 Therefore, increasing the hexose/pentose ratio in biomass is one approach for biomass improvement. 25492673 0 99 theme gene 2:5 arg1 approach 16:23 A gene stacking approach 0:23 A gene stacking approach 0:23 A gene stacking approach leads to engineered plants with highly increased galactan levels in Arabidopsis. 25492673 8 100 dep % 1299:1299 arg1 80 1297:1298 80 1297:1298 80 1297:1298 Co-overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 led to over 80% increase in cell wall galactose levels in Arabidopsis stems, providing evidence that these proteins work synergistically. 25492673 3 101 theme increasing 437:446 arg1 approach 491:498 one approach 487:498 one approach for biomass improvement 487:522 Therefore, increasing the hexose/pentose ratio in biomass is one approach for biomass improvement. 25492673 3 101 theme increasing 437:446 arg1 ratio 467:471 the hexose/pentose ratio 448:471 increasing the hexose/pentose ratio in biomass 437:482 Therefore, increasing the hexose/pentose ratio in biomass is one approach for biomass improvement. 25492673 5 102 theme plant 828:832 arg1 UGEs 860:863 UGEs 860:863 UGEs 860:863 RESULTS First it was tested if overexpression of various plant UDP-glucose 4-epimerases (UGEs) could increase the availability of UDP-galactose and thereby increase the biosynthesis of galactan. 25492673 5 102 theme plant 828:832 arg1 4-epimerases 846:857 various plant UDP-glucose 4-epimerases 820:857 various plant UDP-glucose 4-epimerases (UGEs) 820:864 RESULTS First it was tested if overexpression of various plant UDP-glucose 4-epimerases (UGEs) could increase the availability of UDP-galactose and thereby increase the biosynthesis of galactan. 25492673 9 103 theme high 1640:1643 arg1 levels 1665:1670 the high cell wall galactose levels 1636:1670 the high cell wall galactose levels 1636:1670 Furthermore, AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression in combination with overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis resulted in increased thickness of fiber cell walls in addition to the high cell wall galactose levels. 25492673 4 104 theme fermentable 748:758 arg1 galactose 760:768 readily fermentable galactose 740:768 readily fermentable galactose 740:768 A genetic engineering approach was used to investigate whether the amount of pectic galactan can be specifically increased in cell walls of Arabidopsis fiber cells, which in turn could provide a potential source of readily fermentable galactose. 25492673 7 105 theme AtUGE2 1191:1196 arg1 co-overexpression 1170:1186 co-overexpression 1170:1186 co-overexpression of AtUGE2 together with the β-1,4-galactan synthase GalS1 1170:1244 We then investigated co-overexpression of AtUGE2 together with the β-1,4-galactan synthase GalS1. 25492673 9 106 theme wall 1650:1653 arg1 levels 1665:1670 the high cell wall galactose levels 1636:1670 the high cell wall galactose levels 1636:1670 Furthermore, AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression in combination with overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis resulted in increased thickness of fiber cell walls in addition to the high cell wall galactose levels. 25492673 3 107 from ratio 467:471 arg1 biomass 476:482 biomass 476:482 biomass 476:482 Therefore, increasing the hexose/pentose ratio in biomass is one approach for biomass improvement. 25492673 5 108 dep increase 872:879 arg1 increase 927:934 increase 927:934 increase the biosynthesis of galactan 927:963 RESULTS First it was tested if overexpression of various plant UDP-glucose 4-epimerases (UGEs) could increase the availability of UDP-galactose and thereby increase the biosynthesis of galactan. 25492673 3 109 theme biomass 504:510 arg1 improvement 512:522 biomass improvement 504:522 biomass improvement 504:522 Therefore, increasing the hexose/pentose ratio in biomass is one approach for biomass improvement. 25492673 0 110 with plants 45:50 arg1 levels 83:88 highly increased galactan levels 57:88 highly increased galactan levels in Arabidopsis 57:103 A gene stacking approach leads to engineered plants with highly increased galactan levels in Arabidopsis. 25492673 10 111 theme secondary 1775:1783 arg1 walls 1790:1794 secondary cell walls 1775:1794 secondary cell walls 1775:1794 Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that the increased galactose was present as β-1,4-galactan in secondary cell walls. 25492673 9 112 theme cell 1546:1549 arg1 biosynthesis 1556:1567 secondary cell wall biosynthesis 1536:1567 secondary cell wall biosynthesis 1536:1567 Furthermore, AtUGE2 and GalS1 overexpression in combination with overexpression of the NST1 master regulator for secondary cell wall biosynthesis resulted in increased thickness of fiber cell walls in addition to the high cell wall galactose levels. 25492673 10 113 from present 1746:1752 arg1 walls 1790:1794 secondary cell walls 1775:1794 secondary cell walls 1775:1794 Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that the increased galactose was present as β-1,4-galactan in secondary cell walls. 25492673 11 114 theme proteins 2009:2016 arg1 one 1996:1998 one 1996:1998 one 1996:1998 CONCLUSIONS This approach clearly indicates that simultaneous overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 increases the cell wall galactose to much higher levels than can be achieved by overexpressing either one of these proteins alone. 25492673 11 114 theme proteins 2009:2016 arg1 proteins 2009:2016 these proteins 2003:2016 these proteins alone 2003:2022 CONCLUSIONS This approach clearly indicates that simultaneous overexpression of AtUGE2 and GalS1 increases the cell wall galactose to much higher levels than can be achieved by overexpressing either one of these proteins alone. 25492673 7 115 theme β-1,4-galactan 1216:1229 arg1 GalS1 1240:1244 the β-1,4-galactan synthase GalS1 1212:1244 the β-1,4-galactan synthase GalS1 1212:1244 We then investigated co-overexpression of AtUGE2 together with the β-1,4-galactan synthase GalS1. 25492673 1 116 theme high 239:242 arg1 interest 244:251 high interest 239:251 high interest for next-generation biofuel production 239:290 BACKGROUND Engineering of plants with a composition of lignocellulosic biomass that is more suitable for downstream processing is of high interest for next-generation biofuel production. 30898357 10 0 theme SIEM 1308:1311 arg1 experiments 1313:1323 the SIEM experiments 1304:1323 the SIEM experiments 1304:1323 Fermentation of MP resulted in SCFA concentrations resembling those found in the SIEM experiments, with a 56:19:24 molar ratio for acetic, propionic and butyric acids, respectively. 30898357 7 1 theme acids 920:924 arg1 Production 888:897 Production 888:897 Production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and ammonia profiles 888:987 Production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and ammonia profiles were determined in both lumen and dialysates. 30898357 15 2 from abundance 1818:1826 arg1 MP 1838:1839 MP 1838:1839 MP 1838:1839 The relative abundance at 72h in MP was distributed over 4 genera Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Dorea, and Lactococcus. 30898357 10 3 theme molar 1342:1346 arg1 ratio 1348:1352 a 56:19:24 molar ratio 1331:1352 a 56:19:24 molar ratio for acetic, propionic and butyric acids 1331:1392 Fermentation of MP resulted in SCFA concentrations resembling those found in the SIEM experiments, with a 56:19:24 molar ratio for acetic, propionic and butyric acids, respectively. 30898357 7 4 theme chain 908:912 arg1 SCFA 927:930 SCFA 927:930 SCFA 927:930 Production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and ammonia profiles were determined in both lumen and dialysates. 30898357 7 4 theme chain 908:912 arg1 acids 920:924 short chain fatty acids 902:924 short chain fatty acids (SCFA) 902:931 Production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and ammonia profiles were determined in both lumen and dialysates. 30898357 3 5 theme by-product 406:415 arg1 potential 388:396 the prebiotic potential 374:396 the prebiotic potential of this by-product submitting predigested mango ('Ataulfo') peel to a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon 374:508 The aim of this study was to determine the prebiotic potential of this by-product submitting predigested mango ('Ataulfo') peel to a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon. 30898357 9 6 theme genera 1203:1208 arg1 abundance 1190:1198 relative abundance 1181:1198 relative abundance of genera 1181:1208 Principal component (PC) analysis of fermentation metabolites and relative abundance of genera was carried out. 30898357 9 6 theme genera 1203:1208 arg1 analysis 1140:1147 Principal component (PC) analysis 1115:1147 Principal component (PC) analysis of fermentation metabolites 1115:1175 Principal component (PC) analysis of fermentation metabolites and relative abundance of genera was carried out. 30898357 15 7 from 72h 1831:1833 arg1 abundance 1818:1826 The relative abundance 1805:1826 The relative abundance at 72h in MP 1805:1839 The relative abundance at 72h in MP was distributed over 4 genera Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Dorea, and Lactococcus. 30898357 1 8 from fiber 286:290 arg1 rich 254:257 rich 254:257 rich 254:257 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel (MP), is a by-product from the industrial processing to obtain juices and concentrates, and is rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber (DF). 30898357 12 9 theme bacterial 1492:1500 arg1 genera 1502:1507 About 80 bacterial genera 1483:1507 About 80 bacterial genera 1483:1507 About 80 bacterial genera were identified after fermentation of MP, with an 83% relative abundance of Bifidobacterium at 24h. 30898357 1 10 from processing 201:210 arg1 by-product 170:179 a by-product 168:179 a by-product from the industrial processing to obtain juices and concentrates 168:244 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel (MP), is a by-product from the industrial processing to obtain juices and concentrates, and is rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber (DF). 30898357 1 10 from processing 201:210 arg1 Mango 126:130 Mango 126:130 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) 126:152 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel (MP), is a by-product from the industrial processing to obtain juices and concentrates, and is rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber (DF). 30898357 13 11 theme low 1694:1696 arg1 production 1710:1719 low metabolites production 1694:1719 low metabolites production 1694:1719 Three PC were identified; PC1 was influenced by a high Bifidobacterium abundance and low metabolites production. 30898357 1 12 theme indica 143:148 arg1 Mango 126:130 Mango 126:130 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) 126:152 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel (MP), is a by-product from the industrial processing to obtain juices and concentrates, and is rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber (DF). 30898357 1 12 theme indica 143:148 arg1 L. 150:151 Mangifera indica L. 133:151 Mangifera indica L. 133:151 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel (MP), is a by-product from the industrial processing to obtain juices and concentrates, and is rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber (DF). 30898357 3 13 theme predigested 428:438 arg1 peel 458:461 predigested mango ('Ataulfo') peel 428:461 predigested mango ('Ataulfo') peel 428:461 The aim of this study was to determine the prebiotic potential of this by-product submitting predigested mango ('Ataulfo') peel to a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon. 30898357 5 14 theme validated 691:699 arg1 model 710:714 a validated in vitro model 689:714 a validated in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2) using human fecal microbiota 689:764 The predigested samples were fermented in a validated in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2) using human fecal microbiota and sampled after 0, 24, 48 and 72h. 30898357 0 15 theme human 105:109 arg1 TIM-2 118:122 TIM-2 118:122 TIM-2 118:122 Prebiotic effect of predigested mango peel on gut microbiota assessed in a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon (TIM-2). 30898357 0 15 theme human 105:109 arg1 colon 111:115 human colon 105:115 the human colon (TIM-2) 101:123 Prebiotic effect of predigested mango peel on gut microbiota assessed in a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon (TIM-2). 30898357 1 16 from polyphenols 262:272 arg1 rich 254:257 rich 254:257 rich 254:257 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel (MP), is a by-product from the industrial processing to obtain juices and concentrates, and is rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber (DF). 30898357 12 17 from 24h 1604:1606 arg1 abundance 1572:1580 an 83% relative abundance 1556:1580 an 83% relative abundance of Bifidobacterium at 24h 1556:1606 About 80 bacterial genera were identified after fermentation of MP, with an 83% relative abundance of Bifidobacterium at 24h. 30898357 5 18 theme fecal 749:753 arg1 microbiota 755:764 human fecal microbiota 743:764 human fecal microbiota 743:764 The predigested samples were fermented in a validated in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2) using human fecal microbiota and sampled after 0, 24, 48 and 72h. 30898357 3 19 theme dynamic 468:474 arg1 model 485:489 a dynamic in vitro model 466:489 a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon 466:508 The aim of this study was to determine the prebiotic potential of this by-product submitting predigested mango ('Ataulfo') peel to a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon. 30898357 6 20 theme standard 829:836 arg1 SIEM 861:864 SIEM 861:864 SIEM 861:864 A carbohydrate mixture of standard ileal effluent medium (SIEM) was used as control. 30898357 6 20 theme standard 829:836 arg1 medium 853:858 standard ileal effluent medium 829:858 standard ileal effluent medium (SIEM) 829:865 A carbohydrate mixture of standard ileal effluent medium (SIEM) was used as control. 30898357 8 21 theme rRNA 1091:1094 arg1 region 1107:1112 rRNA gene V3-V4 region 1091:1112 rRNA gene V3-V4 region 1091:1112 Microbiota composition was determined by sequencing 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region. 30898357 13 22 theme Bifidobacterium 1664:1678 arg1 abundance 1680:1688 a high Bifidobacterium abundance 1657:1688 a high Bifidobacterium abundance 1657:1688 Three PC were identified; PC1 was influenced by a high Bifidobacterium abundance and low metabolites production. 30898357 8 23 theme V3-V4 1101:1105 arg1 region 1107:1112 rRNA gene V3-V4 region 1091:1112 rRNA gene V3-V4 region 1091:1112 Microbiota composition was determined by sequencing 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region. 30898357 7 24 theme profiles 980:987 arg1 Production 888:897 Production 888:897 Production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and ammonia profiles 888:987 Production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and ammonia profiles were determined in both lumen and dialysates. 30898357 4 25 theme undigested 609:618 arg1 material 620:627 undigested material 609:627 undigested material by diafiltration 609:644 Dried MPs were predigested following an enzymatic treatment and separating digestion products and undigested material by diafiltration. 30898357 0 26 theme dynamic 75:81 arg1 model 92:96 a dynamic in vitro model 73:96 a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon (TIM-2) 73:123 Prebiotic effect of predigested mango peel on gut microbiota assessed in a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon (TIM-2). 30898357 4 27 theme enzymatic 551:559 arg1 treatment 561:569 an enzymatic treatment 548:569 an enzymatic treatment 548:569 Dried MPs were predigested following an enzymatic treatment and separating digestion products and undigested material by diafiltration. 30898357 16 28 theme potential 1955:1963 arg1 ingredient 1975:1984 a potential prebiotic ingredient 1953:1984 a potential prebiotic ingredient 1953:1984 Our results suggest MP as a potential prebiotic ingredient. 30898357 16 28 theme potential 1955:1963 arg1 MP 1947:1948 MP 1947:1948 MP 1947:1948 Our results suggest MP as a potential prebiotic ingredient. 30898357 1 29 theme dietary 278:284 arg1 DF 293:294 DF 293:294 DF 293:294 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel (MP), is a by-product from the industrial processing to obtain juices and concentrates, and is rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber (DF). 30898357 1 29 theme dietary 278:284 arg1 fiber 286:290 dietary fiber 278:290 dietary fiber (DF) 278:295 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel (MP), is a by-product from the industrial processing to obtain juices and concentrates, and is rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber (DF). 30898357 1 30 from rich 254:257 arg1 DF 293:294 DF 293:294 DF 293:294 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel (MP), is a by-product from the industrial processing to obtain juices and concentrates, and is rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber (DF). 30898357 1 30 from rich 254:257 arg1 polyphenols 262:272 polyphenols 262:272 polyphenols 262:272 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel (MP), is a by-product from the industrial processing to obtain juices and concentrates, and is rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber (DF). 30898357 1 30 from rich 254:257 arg1 fiber 286:290 dietary fiber 278:290 dietary fiber (DF) 278:295 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel (MP), is a by-product from the industrial processing to obtain juices and concentrates, and is rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber (DF). 30898357 14 31 theme other 1752:1756 arg1 genera 1758:1763 other genera 1752:1763 other genera 1752:1763 PC2 resulted in a decrease of other genera and an increase of metabolites studied. 30898357 4 32 theme separating 575:584 arg1 products 596:603 separating digestion products 575:603 separating digestion products 575:603 Dried MPs were predigested following an enzymatic treatment and separating digestion products and undigested material by diafiltration. 30898357 0 33 theme Prebiotic 0:8 arg1 effect 10:15 Prebiotic effect 0:15 Prebiotic effect of predigested mango peel on gut microbiota 0:59 Prebiotic effect of predigested mango peel on gut microbiota assessed in a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon (TIM-2). 30898357 1 34 theme industrial 190:199 arg1 processing 201:210 the industrial processing 186:210 the industrial processing 186:210 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel (MP), is a by-product from the industrial processing to obtain juices and concentrates, and is rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber (DF). 30898357 6 35 used used 871:874 arg2 control 879:885 control 879:885 control 879:885 A carbohydrate mixture of standard ileal effluent medium (SIEM) was used as control. 30898357 6 35 used used 871:874 arg2 mixture 818:824 A carbohydrate mixture 803:824 A carbohydrate mixture of standard ileal effluent medium (SIEM) 803:865 A carbohydrate mixture of standard ileal effluent medium (SIEM) was used as control. 30898357 2 36 theme dried 312:316 arg1 MP 318:319 dried MP 312:319 dried MP 312:319 DF content of dried MP is about 40%. 30898357 7 37 theme chain 943:947 arg1 BCFA 962:965 BCFA 962:965 BCFA 962:965 Production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and ammonia profiles were determined in both lumen and dialysates. 30898357 7 37 theme chain 943:947 arg1 acids 955:959 branched chain fatty acids 934:959 branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) 934:966 Production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and ammonia profiles were determined in both lumen and dialysates. 30898357 9 38 theme Principal 1115:1123 arg1 PC 1136:1137 PC 1136:1137 PC 1136:1137 Principal component (PC) analysis of fermentation metabolites and relative abundance of genera was carried out. 30898357 9 38 theme Principal 1115:1123 arg1 component 1125:1133 Principal component 1115:1133 Principal component (PC) analysis of fermentation metabolites 1115:1175 Principal component (PC) analysis of fermentation metabolites and relative abundance of genera was carried out. 30898357 10 39 theme SCFA 1258:1261 arg1 concentrations 1263:1276 SCFA concentrations 1258:1276 SCFA concentrations resembling those found in the SIEM experiments 1258:1323 Fermentation of MP resulted in SCFA concentrations resembling those found in the SIEM experiments, with a 56:19:24 molar ratio for acetic, propionic and butyric acids, respectively. 30898357 7 40 theme acids 955:959 arg1 Production 888:897 Production 888:897 Production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and ammonia profiles 888:987 Production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and ammonia profiles were determined in both lumen and dialysates. 30898357 0 41 theme mango 32:36 arg1 peel 38:41 predigested mango peel 20:41 predigested mango peel 20:41 Prebiotic effect of predigested mango peel on gut microbiota assessed in a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon (TIM-2). 30898357 12 42 theme relative 1563:1570 arg1 abundance 1572:1580 an 83% relative abundance 1556:1580 an 83% relative abundance of Bifidobacterium at 24h 1556:1606 About 80 bacterial genera were identified after fermentation of MP, with an 83% relative abundance of Bifidobacterium at 24h. 30898357 6 43 theme effluent 844:851 arg1 SIEM 861:864 SIEM 861:864 SIEM 861:864 A carbohydrate mixture of standard ileal effluent medium (SIEM) was used as control. 30898357 6 43 theme effluent 844:851 arg1 medium 853:858 standard ileal effluent medium 829:858 standard ileal effluent medium (SIEM) 829:865 A carbohydrate mixture of standard ileal effluent medium (SIEM) was used as control. 30898357 1 44 dep Mango 126:130 arg1 MP 160:161 MP 160:161 MP 160:161 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel (MP), is a by-product from the industrial processing to obtain juices and concentrates, and is rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber (DF). 30898357 1 44 dep Mango 126:130 arg1 peel 154:157 peel 154:157 peel (MP) 154:162 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel (MP), is a by-product from the industrial processing to obtain juices and concentrates, and is rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber (DF). 30898357 3 45 theme study 351:355 arg1 aim 339:341 The aim 335:341 The aim of this study 335:355 The aim of this study was to determine the prebiotic potential of this by-product submitting predigested mango ('Ataulfo') peel to a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon. 30898357 5 46 theme predigested 651:661 arg1 samples 663:669 The predigested samples 647:669 The predigested samples 647:669 The predigested samples were fermented in a validated in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2) using human fecal microbiota and sampled after 0, 24, 48 and 72h. 30898357 12 47 theme Bifidobacterium 1585:1599 arg1 abundance 1572:1580 an 83% relative abundance 1556:1580 an 83% relative abundance of Bifidobacterium at 24h 1556:1606 About 80 bacterial genera were identified after fermentation of MP, with an 83% relative abundance of Bifidobacterium at 24h. 30898357 11 48 theme similar 1443:1449 arg1 concentrations 1451:1464 similar concentrations 1443:1464 similar concentrations in both samples 1443:1480 BCFA and ammonia were produced in similar concentrations in both samples. 30898357 5 49 dep in 701:702 arg1 vitro 704:708 vitro 704:708 vitro 704:708 The predigested samples were fermented in a validated in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2) using human fecal microbiota and sampled after 0, 24, 48 and 72h. 30898357 3 50 dep in 476:477 arg1 vitro 479:483 vitro 479:483 vitro 479:483 The aim of this study was to determine the prebiotic potential of this by-product submitting predigested mango ('Ataulfo') peel to a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon. 30898357 3 51 theme human 498:502 arg1 colon 504:508 the human colon 494:508 the human colon 494:508 The aim of this study was to determine the prebiotic potential of this by-product submitting predigested mango ('Ataulfo') peel to a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon. 30898357 9 52 theme metabolites 1165:1175 arg1 abundance 1190:1198 relative abundance 1181:1198 relative abundance of genera 1181:1208 Principal component (PC) analysis of fermentation metabolites and relative abundance of genera was carried out. 30898357 9 52 theme metabolites 1165:1175 arg1 analysis 1140:1147 Principal component (PC) analysis 1115:1147 Principal component (PC) analysis of fermentation metabolites 1115:1175 Principal component (PC) analysis of fermentation metabolites and relative abundance of genera was carried out. 30898357 12 53 theme 83 1559:1560 arg1 % 1561:1561 % 1561:1561 % 1561:1561 About 80 bacterial genera were identified after fermentation of MP, with an 83% relative abundance of Bifidobacterium at 24h. 30898357 7 54 theme fatty 914:918 arg1 SCFA 927:930 SCFA 927:930 SCFA 927:930 Production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and ammonia profiles were determined in both lumen and dialysates. 30898357 7 54 theme fatty 914:918 arg1 acids 920:924 short chain fatty acids 902:924 short chain fatty acids (SCFA) 902:931 Production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and ammonia profiles were determined in both lumen and dialysates. 30898357 9 55 theme relative 1181:1188 arg1 abundance 1190:1198 relative abundance 1181:1198 relative abundance of genera 1181:1208 Principal component (PC) analysis of fermentation metabolites and relative abundance of genera was carried out. 30898357 7 56 theme short 902:906 arg1 SCFA 927:930 SCFA 927:930 SCFA 927:930 Production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and ammonia profiles were determined in both lumen and dialysates. 30898357 7 56 theme short 902:906 arg1 acids 920:924 short chain fatty acids 902:924 short chain fatty acids (SCFA) 902:931 Production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and ammonia profiles were determined in both lumen and dialysates. 30898357 12 57 theme MP 1547:1548 arg1 fermentation 1531:1542 fermentation 1531:1542 fermentation of MP 1531:1548 About 80 bacterial genera were identified after fermentation of MP, with an 83% relative abundance of Bifidobacterium at 24h. 30898357 10 58 theme 56:19:24 1333:1340 arg1 ratio 1348:1352 a 56:19:24 molar ratio 1331:1352 a 56:19:24 molar ratio for acetic, propionic and butyric acids 1331:1392 Fermentation of MP resulted in SCFA concentrations resembling those found in the SIEM experiments, with a 56:19:24 molar ratio for acetic, propionic and butyric acids, respectively. 30898357 10 59 theme propionic 1366:1374 arg1 acids 1388:1392 acetic, propionic and butyric acids 1358:1392 acetic, propionic and butyric acids 1358:1392 Fermentation of MP resulted in SCFA concentrations resembling those found in the SIEM experiments, with a 56:19:24 molar ratio for acetic, propionic and butyric acids, respectively. 30898357 3 60 theme mango 440:444 arg1 peel 458:461 predigested mango ('Ataulfo') peel 428:461 predigested mango ('Ataulfo') peel 428:461 The aim of this study was to determine the prebiotic potential of this by-product submitting predigested mango ('Ataulfo') peel to a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon. 30898357 1 61 theme Mangifera 133:141 arg1 Mango 126:130 Mango 126:130 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) 126:152 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel (MP), is a by-product from the industrial processing to obtain juices and concentrates, and is rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber (DF). 30898357 1 61 theme Mangifera 133:141 arg1 L. 150:151 Mangifera indica L. 133:151 Mangifera indica L. 133:151 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel (MP), is a by-product from the industrial processing to obtain juices and concentrates, and is rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber (DF). 30898357 10 62 theme acetic 1358:1363 arg1 acids 1388:1392 acetic, propionic and butyric acids 1358:1392 acetic, propionic and butyric acids 1358:1392 Fermentation of MP resulted in SCFA concentrations resembling those found in the SIEM experiments, with a 56:19:24 molar ratio for acetic, propionic and butyric acids, respectively. 30898357 13 63 theme metabolites 1698:1708 arg1 production 1710:1719 low metabolites production 1694:1719 low metabolites production 1694:1719 Three PC were identified; PC1 was influenced by a high Bifidobacterium abundance and low metabolites production. 30898357 0 64 theme colon 111:115 arg1 model 92:96 a dynamic in vitro model 73:96 a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon (TIM-2) 73:123 Prebiotic effect of predigested mango peel on gut microbiota assessed in a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon (TIM-2). 30898357 5 65 theme colon 723:727 arg1 model 710:714 a validated in vitro model 689:714 a validated in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2) using human fecal microbiota 689:764 The predigested samples were fermented in a validated in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2) using human fecal microbiota and sampled after 0, 24, 48 and 72h. 30898357 5 66 theme in 701:702 arg1 model 710:714 a validated in vitro model 689:714 a validated in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2) using human fecal microbiota 689:764 The predigested samples were fermented in a validated in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2) using human fecal microbiota and sampled after 0, 24, 48 and 72h. 30898357 8 67 theme Microbiota 1035:1044 arg1 composition 1046:1056 Microbiota composition 1035:1056 Microbiota composition 1035:1056 Microbiota composition was determined by sequencing 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region. 30898357 10 68 theme butyric 1380:1386 arg1 acids 1388:1392 acetic, propionic and butyric acids 1358:1392 acetic, propionic and butyric acids 1358:1392 Fermentation of MP resulted in SCFA concentrations resembling those found in the SIEM experiments, with a 56:19:24 molar ratio for acetic, propionic and butyric acids, respectively. 30898357 5 69 theme human 743:747 arg1 microbiota 755:764 human fecal microbiota 743:764 human fecal microbiota 743:764 The predigested samples were fermented in a validated in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2) using human fecal microbiota and sampled after 0, 24, 48 and 72h. 30898357 7 70 theme branched 934:941 arg1 BCFA 962:965 BCFA 962:965 BCFA 962:965 Production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and ammonia profiles were determined in both lumen and dialysates. 30898357 7 70 theme branched 934:941 arg1 acids 955:959 branched chain fatty acids 934:959 branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) 934:966 Production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and ammonia profiles were determined in both lumen and dialysates. 30898357 6 71 theme ileal 838:842 arg1 SIEM 861:864 SIEM 861:864 SIEM 861:864 A carbohydrate mixture of standard ileal effluent medium (SIEM) was used as control. 30898357 6 71 theme ileal 838:842 arg1 medium 853:858 standard ileal effluent medium 829:858 standard ileal effluent medium (SIEM) 829:865 A carbohydrate mixture of standard ileal effluent medium (SIEM) was used as control. 30898357 10 72 located found 1295:1299 arg1 experiments 1313:1323 the SIEM experiments 1304:1323 the SIEM experiments 1304:1323 Fermentation of MP resulted in SCFA concentrations resembling those found in the SIEM experiments, with a 56:19:24 molar ratio for acetic, propionic and butyric acids, respectively. 30898357 10 72 located found 1295:1299 arg2 those 1289:1293 those 1289:1293 those 1289:1293 Fermentation of MP resulted in SCFA concentrations resembling those found in the SIEM experiments, with a 56:19:24 molar ratio for acetic, propionic and butyric acids, respectively. 30898357 13 73 theme high 1659:1662 arg1 abundance 1680:1688 a high Bifidobacterium abundance 1657:1688 a high Bifidobacterium abundance 1657:1688 Three PC were identified; PC1 was influenced by a high Bifidobacterium abundance and low metabolites production. 30898357 4 74 theme Dried 511:515 arg1 MPs 517:519 Dried MPs 511:519 Dried MPs 511:519 Dried MPs were predigested following an enzymatic treatment and separating digestion products and undigested material by diafiltration. 30898357 7 75 theme ammonia 972:978 arg1 profiles 980:987 ammonia profiles 972:987 ammonia profiles 972:987 Production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and ammonia profiles were determined in both lumen and dialysates. 30898357 6 76 theme carbohydrate 805:816 arg1 control 879:885 control 879:885 control 879:885 A carbohydrate mixture of standard ileal effluent medium (SIEM) was used as control. 30898357 6 76 theme carbohydrate 805:816 arg1 mixture 818:824 A carbohydrate mixture 803:824 A carbohydrate mixture of standard ileal effluent medium (SIEM) 803:865 A carbohydrate mixture of standard ileal effluent medium (SIEM) was used as control. 30898357 0 77 from effect 10:15 arg1 microbiota 50:59 gut microbiota 46:59 gut microbiota 46:59 Prebiotic effect of predigested mango peel on gut microbiota assessed in a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon (TIM-2). 30898357 8 78 theme gene 1096:1099 arg1 region 1107:1112 rRNA gene V3-V4 region 1091:1112 rRNA gene V3-V4 region 1091:1112 Microbiota composition was determined by sequencing 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region. 30898357 0 79 theme in 83:84 arg1 model 92:96 a dynamic in vitro model 73:96 a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon (TIM-2) 73:123 Prebiotic effect of predigested mango peel on gut microbiota assessed in a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon (TIM-2). 30898357 15 80 theme relative 1809:1816 arg1 abundance 1818:1826 The relative abundance 1805:1826 The relative abundance at 72h in MP 1805:1839 The relative abundance at 72h in MP was distributed over 4 genera Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Dorea, and Lactococcus. 30898357 11 81 from concentrations 1451:1464 arg1 samples 1474:1480 both samples 1469:1480 both samples 1469:1480 BCFA and ammonia were produced in similar concentrations in both samples. 30898357 16 82 theme prebiotic 1965:1973 arg1 ingredient 1975:1984 a potential prebiotic ingredient 1953:1984 a potential prebiotic ingredient 1953:1984 Our results suggest MP as a potential prebiotic ingredient. 30898357 16 82 theme prebiotic 1965:1973 arg1 MP 1947:1948 MP 1947:1948 MP 1947:1948 Our results suggest MP as a potential prebiotic ingredient. 30898357 0 83 dep in 83:84 arg1 vitro 86:90 vitro 86:90 vitro 86:90 Prebiotic effect of predigested mango peel on gut microbiota assessed in a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon (TIM-2). 30898357 10 84 theme MP 1243:1244 arg1 Fermentation 1227:1238 Fermentation 1227:1238 Fermentation of MP 1227:1244 Fermentation of MP resulted in SCFA concentrations resembling those found in the SIEM experiments, with a 56:19:24 molar ratio for acetic, propionic and butyric acids, respectively. 30898357 7 85 theme fatty 949:953 arg1 BCFA 962:965 BCFA 962:965 BCFA 962:965 Production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and ammonia profiles were determined in both lumen and dialysates. 30898357 7 85 theme fatty 949:953 arg1 acids 955:959 branched chain fatty acids 934:959 branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) 934:966 Production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and ammonia profiles were determined in both lumen and dialysates. 30898357 0 86 theme predigested 20:30 arg1 peel 38:41 predigested mango peel 20:41 predigested mango peel 20:41 Prebiotic effect of predigested mango peel on gut microbiota assessed in a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon (TIM-2). 30898357 2 87 theme MP 318:319 arg1 content 301:307 DF content 298:307 DF content of dried MP 298:319 DF content of dried MP is about 40%. 30898357 14 88 theme genera 1758:1763 arg1 decrease 1740:1747 a decrease 1738:1747 a decrease of other genera 1738:1763 PC2 resulted in a decrease of other genera and an increase of metabolites studied. 30898357 14 88 theme genera 1758:1763 arg1 increase 1772:1779 an increase 1769:1779 an increase of metabolites studied 1769:1802 PC2 resulted in a decrease of other genera and an increase of metabolites studied. 30898357 4 89 theme digestion 586:594 arg1 products 596:603 separating digestion products 575:603 separating digestion products 575:603 Dried MPs were predigested following an enzymatic treatment and separating digestion products and undigested material by diafiltration. 30898357 0 90 theme peel 38:41 arg1 effect 10:15 Prebiotic effect 0:15 Prebiotic effect of predigested mango peel on gut microbiota 0:59 Prebiotic effect of predigested mango peel on gut microbiota assessed in a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon (TIM-2). 30898357 9 91 theme component 1125:1133 arg1 analysis 1140:1147 Principal component (PC) analysis 1115:1147 Principal component (PC) analysis of fermentation metabolites 1115:1175 Principal component (PC) analysis of fermentation metabolites and relative abundance of genera was carried out. 30898357 15 92 theme genera 1864:1869 arg1 Bifidobacterium 1871:1885 4 genera Bifidobacterium 1862:1885 4 genera Bifidobacterium 1862:1885 The relative abundance at 72h in MP was distributed over 4 genera Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Dorea, and Lactococcus. 30898357 6 93 theme medium 853:858 arg1 control 879:885 control 879:885 control 879:885 A carbohydrate mixture of standard ileal effluent medium (SIEM) was used as control. 30898357 6 93 theme medium 853:858 arg1 mixture 818:824 A carbohydrate mixture 803:824 A carbohydrate mixture of standard ileal effluent medium (SIEM) 803:865 A carbohydrate mixture of standard ileal effluent medium (SIEM) was used as control. 30898357 3 94 theme in 476:477 arg1 model 485:489 a dynamic in vitro model 466:489 a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon 466:508 The aim of this study was to determine the prebiotic potential of this by-product submitting predigested mango ('Ataulfo') peel to a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon. 30898357 2 95 theme DF 298:299 arg1 content 301:307 DF content 298:307 DF content of dried MP 298:319 DF content of dried MP is about 40%. 30898357 0 96 theme gut 46:48 arg1 microbiota 50:59 gut microbiota 46:59 gut microbiota 46:59 Prebiotic effect of predigested mango peel on gut microbiota assessed in a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon (TIM-2). 30898357 12 97 theme % 1561:1561 arg1 abundance 1572:1580 an 83% relative abundance 1556:1580 an 83% relative abundance of Bifidobacterium at 24h 1556:1606 About 80 bacterial genera were identified after fermentation of MP, with an 83% relative abundance of Bifidobacterium at 24h. 30898357 14 98 theme metabolites 1784:1794 arg1 decrease 1740:1747 a decrease 1738:1747 a decrease of other genera 1738:1763 PC2 resulted in a decrease of other genera and an increase of metabolites studied. 30898357 14 98 theme metabolites 1784:1794 arg1 increase 1772:1779 an increase 1769:1779 an increase of metabolites studied 1769:1802 PC2 resulted in a decrease of other genera and an increase of metabolites studied. 30898357 3 99 theme colon 504:508 arg1 model 485:489 a dynamic in vitro model 466:489 a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon 466:508 The aim of this study was to determine the prebiotic potential of this by-product submitting predigested mango ('Ataulfo') peel to a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon. 30898357 9 100 theme fermentation 1152:1163 arg1 metabolites 1165:1175 fermentation metabolites 1152:1175 fermentation metabolites 1152:1175 Principal component (PC) analysis of fermentation metabolites and relative abundance of genera was carried out. 30898357 3 101 theme prebiotic 378:386 arg1 potential 388:396 the prebiotic potential 374:396 the prebiotic potential of this by-product submitting predigested mango ('Ataulfo') peel to a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon 374:508 The aim of this study was to determine the prebiotic potential of this by-product submitting predigested mango ('Ataulfo') peel to a dynamic in vitro model of the human colon. 29066895 0 0 theme antibacterial 14:26 arg1 activities 56:65 antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities 14:65 antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities of green 14:74 Evaluation of antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities of green synthesized gap-bridging copper-doped nanocomposite coatings. 29066895 4 1 theme chitosan-gelatin 597:612 arg1 coatings 634:641 gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings 584:641 gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings incorporated with different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) 584:764 In this study, using green electrophoretic deposition method, we fabricated gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings incorporated with different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) on the Ti substrates. 29066895 0 2 theme green 70:74 arg1 activities 56:65 antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities 14:65 antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities of green 14:74 Evaluation of antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities of green synthesized gap-bridging copper-doped nanocomposite coatings. 29066895 10 3 theme IV 1476:1477 arg1 group 1479:1483 the Cu IV group 1469:1483 the Cu IV group 1469:1483 In vitro cytocompatibility evaluation demonstrated that activities of bone marrow stromal cells were not impaired on Cu-doped coatings except for the Cu IV group. 29066895 11 4 theme Cu 1559:1560 arg1 groups 1576:1581 Cu II and Cu III groups 1559:1581 Cu II and Cu III groups 1559:1581 Moreover, enhanced angiogenic and osteogenic activities were observed on Cu II and Cu III groups. 29066895 5 5 theme Cu 854:855 arg1 ions 857:860 Cu ions 854:860 Cu ions 854:860 Physicochemical characterization of these coatings confirmed that Cu ions were successfully deposited into the coatings in a metallic status. 29066895 4 6 theme gap-bridging 584:595 arg1 coatings 634:641 gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings 584:641 gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings incorporated with different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) 584:764 In this study, using green electrophoretic deposition method, we fabricated gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings incorporated with different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) on the Ti substrates. 29066895 0 7 theme copper-doped 101:112 arg1 coatings 128:135 gap-bridging copper-doped nanocomposite coatings 88:135 gap-bridging copper-doped nanocomposite coatings 88:135 Evaluation of antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities of green synthesized gap-bridging copper-doped nanocomposite coatings. 29066895 10 8 theme cells 1413:1417 arg1 activities 1379:1388 activities 1379:1388 activities of bone marrow stromal cells 1379:1417 In vitro cytocompatibility evaluation demonstrated that activities of bone marrow stromal cells were not impaired on Cu-doped coatings except for the Cu IV group. 29066895 2 9 theme compromised 284:294 arg1 conditions 305:314 compromised surgical conditions 284:314 compromised surgical conditions 284:314 However, their bio-inert surface challenges application in patients with compromised surgical conditions. 29066895 4 10 theme Cu 722:723 arg1 I 725:725 Cu I 722:725 Cu I 722:725 In this study, using green electrophoretic deposition method, we fabricated gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings incorporated with different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) on the Ti substrates. 29066895 4 11 theme CSG 615:617 arg1 coatings 634:641 gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings 584:641 gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings incorporated with different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) 584:764 In this study, using green electrophoretic deposition method, we fabricated gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings incorporated with different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) on the Ti substrates. 29066895 0 12 theme gap-bridging 88:99 arg1 coatings 128:135 gap-bridging copper-doped nanocomposite coatings 88:135 gap-bridging copper-doped nanocomposite coatings 88:135 Evaluation of antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities of green synthesized gap-bridging copper-doped nanocomposite coatings. 29066895 9 13 theme Cu 1305:1306 arg1 concentration 1308:1320 the Cu concentration 1301:1320 the Cu concentration 1301:1320 The antibacterial property was positively correlated with the Cu concentration. 29066895 7 14 theme Ti 1059:1060 arg1 substrates 1062:1071 Ti substrates 1059:1071 Ti substrates 1059:1071 Mechanical tests verified the excellent tensile bond strength between Ti substrates and deposited coatings. 29066895 10 15 theme stromal 1405:1411 arg1 cells 1413:1417 bone marrow stromal cells 1393:1417 bone marrow stromal cells 1393:1417 In vitro cytocompatibility evaluation demonstrated that activities of bone marrow stromal cells were not impaired on Cu-doped coatings except for the Cu IV group. 29066895 5 16 theme metallic 913:920 arg1 status 922:927 a metallic status 911:927 a metallic status 911:927 Physicochemical characterization of these coatings confirmed that Cu ions were successfully deposited into the coatings in a metallic status. 29066895 12 17 theme promising 1660:1668 arg1 coating 1647:1653 Cu-doped CSG nanocomposite coating 1620:1653 Cu-doped CSG nanocomposite coating 1620:1653 Overall, our results suggested that Cu-doped CSG nanocomposite coating is a promising candidate to functionalize Ti materials with antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties. 29066895 12 17 theme promising 1660:1668 arg1 candidate 1670:1678 a promising candidate 1658:1678 a promising candidate to functionalize Ti materials with antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties 1658:1766 Overall, our results suggested that Cu-doped CSG nanocomposite coating is a promising candidate to functionalize Ti materials with antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties. 29066895 4 18 dep copper 682:687 arg1 Cu 690:691 Cu 690:691 Cu 690:691 In this study, using green electrophoretic deposition method, we fabricated gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings incorporated with different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) on the Ti substrates. 29066895 4 19 theme Ti 773:774 arg1 substrates 776:785 the Ti substrates 769:785 the Ti substrates 769:785 In this study, using green electrophoretic deposition method, we fabricated gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings incorporated with different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) on the Ti substrates. 29066895 10 20 theme marrow 1398:1403 arg1 cells 1413:1417 bone marrow stromal cells 1393:1417 bone marrow stromal cells 1393:1417 In vitro cytocompatibility evaluation demonstrated that activities of bone marrow stromal cells were not impaired on Cu-doped coatings except for the Cu IV group. 29066895 5 21 theme Physicochemical 788:802 arg1 characterization 804:819 Physicochemical characterization 788:819 Physicochemical characterization of these coatings 788:837 Physicochemical characterization of these coatings confirmed that Cu ions were successfully deposited into the coatings in a metallic status. 29066895 0 22 theme nanocomposite 114:126 arg1 coatings 128:135 gap-bridging copper-doped nanocomposite coatings 88:135 gap-bridging copper-doped nanocomposite coatings 88:135 Evaluation of antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities of green synthesized gap-bridging copper-doped nanocomposite coatings. 29066895 7 23 theme deposited 1077:1085 arg1 coatings 1087:1094 deposited coatings 1077:1094 deposited coatings 1077:1094 Mechanical tests verified the excellent tensile bond strength between Ti substrates and deposited coatings. 29066895 12 24 theme osteogenic 1746:1755 arg1 properties 1757:1766 antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties 1715:1766 antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties 1715:1766 Overall, our results suggested that Cu-doped CSG nanocomposite coating is a promising candidate to functionalize Ti materials with antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties. 29066895 4 25 theme copper 682:687 arg1 amounts 671:677 different amounts 661:677 different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) 661:764 In this study, using green electrophoretic deposition method, we fabricated gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings incorporated with different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) on the Ti substrates. 29066895 4 25 theme copper 682:687 arg1 copper 682:687 copper 682:687 copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) 682:764 In this study, using green electrophoretic deposition method, we fabricated gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings incorporated with different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) on the Ti substrates. 29066895 10 26 theme Cu-doped 1440:1447 arg1 coatings 1449:1456 Cu-doped coatings 1440:1456 Cu-doped coatings 1440:1456 In vitro cytocompatibility evaluation demonstrated that activities of bone marrow stromal cells were not impaired on Cu-doped coatings except for the Cu IV group. 29066895 7 27 theme excellent 1019:1027 arg1 strength 1042:1049 the excellent tensile bond strength 1015:1049 the excellent tensile bond strength between Ti substrates and deposited coatings 1015:1094 Mechanical tests verified the excellent tensile bond strength between Ti substrates and deposited coatings. 29066895 6 28 from % 976:976 arg1 weight 981:986 weight 981:986 weight 981:986 After rehydration, the coatings swelled by 850% in weight. 29066895 8 29 theme antibacterial 1135:1147 arg1 property 1149:1156 antibacterial property 1135:1156 antibacterial property against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus 1135:1240 All Cu-containing CSG coatings showed antibacterial property against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. 29066895 7 30 theme tensile 1029:1035 arg1 strength 1042:1049 the excellent tensile bond strength 1015:1049 the excellent tensile bond strength between Ti substrates and deposited coatings 1015:1094 Mechanical tests verified the excellent tensile bond strength between Ti substrates and deposited coatings. 29066895 7 31 theme bond 1037:1040 arg1 strength 1042:1049 the excellent tensile bond strength 1015:1049 the excellent tensile bond strength between Ti substrates and deposited coatings 1015:1094 Mechanical tests verified the excellent tensile bond strength between Ti substrates and deposited coatings. 29066895 10 32 theme In 1323:1324 arg1 evaluation 1350:1359 In vitro cytocompatibility evaluation 1323:1359 In vitro cytocompatibility evaluation 1323:1359 In vitro cytocompatibility evaluation demonstrated that activities of bone marrow stromal cells were not impaired on Cu-doped coatings except for the Cu IV group. 29066895 12 33 theme CSG 1629:1631 arg1 coating 1647:1653 Cu-doped CSG nanocomposite coating 1620:1653 Cu-doped CSG nanocomposite coating 1620:1653 Overall, our results suggested that Cu-doped CSG nanocomposite coating is a promising candidate to functionalize Ti materials with antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties. 29066895 12 33 theme CSG 1629:1631 arg1 candidate 1670:1678 a promising candidate 1658:1678 a promising candidate to functionalize Ti materials with antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties 1658:1766 Overall, our results suggested that Cu-doped CSG nanocomposite coating is a promising candidate to functionalize Ti materials with antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties. 29066895 11 34 theme Cu 1569:1570 arg1 groups 1576:1581 Cu II and Cu III groups 1559:1581 Cu II and Cu III groups 1559:1581 Moreover, enhanced angiogenic and osteogenic activities were observed on Cu II and Cu III groups. 29066895 10 35 theme Cu 1473:1474 arg1 group 1479:1483 the Cu IV group 1469:1483 the Cu IV group 1469:1483 In vitro cytocompatibility evaluation demonstrated that activities of bone marrow stromal cells were not impaired on Cu-doped coatings except for the Cu IV group. 29066895 3 36 theme angiogenic 469:478 arg1 activities 496:505 antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities 454:505 antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities 454:505 Numerous studies were conducted to modify the surface topography and chemical composition of Ti substrates, for the purpose of obtaining antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities. 29066895 3 37 theme chemical 386:393 arg1 composition 395:405 chemical composition 386:405 chemical composition 386:405 Numerous studies were conducted to modify the surface topography and chemical composition of Ti substrates, for the purpose of obtaining antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities. 29066895 12 38 theme Cu-doped 1620:1627 arg1 coating 1647:1653 Cu-doped CSG nanocomposite coating 1620:1653 Cu-doped CSG nanocomposite coating 1620:1653 Overall, our results suggested that Cu-doped CSG nanocomposite coating is a promising candidate to functionalize Ti materials with antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties. 29066895 12 38 theme Cu-doped 1620:1627 arg1 candidate 1670:1678 a promising candidate 1658:1678 a promising candidate to functionalize Ti materials with antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties 1658:1766 Overall, our results suggested that Cu-doped CSG nanocomposite coating is a promising candidate to functionalize Ti materials with antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties. 29066895 10 39 dep In 1323:1324 arg1 vitro 1326:1330 vitro 1326:1330 vitro 1326:1330 In vitro cytocompatibility evaluation demonstrated that activities of bone marrow stromal cells were not impaired on Cu-doped coatings except for the Cu IV group. 29066895 2 40 theme surgical 296:303 arg1 conditions 305:314 compromised surgical conditions 284:314 compromised surgical conditions 284:314 However, their bio-inert surface challenges application in patients with compromised surgical conditions. 29066895 8 41 theme CSG 1115:1117 arg1 coatings 1119:1126 All Cu-containing CSG coatings 1097:1126 All Cu-containing CSG coatings 1097:1126 All Cu-containing CSG coatings showed antibacterial property against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. 29066895 12 42 theme nanocomposite 1633:1645 arg1 coating 1647:1653 Cu-doped CSG nanocomposite coating 1620:1653 Cu-doped CSG nanocomposite coating 1620:1653 Overall, our results suggested that Cu-doped CSG nanocomposite coating is a promising candidate to functionalize Ti materials with antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties. 29066895 12 42 theme nanocomposite 1633:1645 arg1 candidate 1670:1678 a promising candidate 1658:1678 a promising candidate to functionalize Ti materials with antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties 1658:1766 Overall, our results suggested that Cu-doped CSG nanocomposite coating is a promising candidate to functionalize Ti materials with antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties. 29066895 7 43 theme Mechanical 989:998 arg1 tests 1000:1004 Mechanical tests 989:1004 Mechanical tests 989:1004 Mechanical tests verified the excellent tensile bond strength between Ti substrates and deposited coatings. 29066895 2 44 from challenges 244:253 arg1 patients 270:277 patients 270:277 patients with compromised surgical conditions 270:314 However, their bio-inert surface challenges application in patients with compromised surgical conditions. 29066895 3 45 theme antibacterial 454:466 arg1 activities 496:505 antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities 454:505 antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities 454:505 Numerous studies were conducted to modify the surface topography and chemical composition of Ti substrates, for the purpose of obtaining antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities. 29066895 0 46 theme angiogenic 29:38 arg1 activities 56:65 antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities 14:65 antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities of green 14:74 Evaluation of antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities of green synthesized gap-bridging copper-doped nanocomposite coatings. 29066895 4 47 theme green 529:533 arg1 method 562:567 green electrophoretic deposition method 529:567 green electrophoretic deposition method 529:567 In this study, using green electrophoretic deposition method, we fabricated gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings incorporated with different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) on the Ti substrates. 29066895 8 48 dep Gram-negative 1171:1183 arg1 Escherichia 1185:1195 Escherichia 1185:1195 Escherichia 1185:1195 All Cu-containing CSG coatings showed antibacterial property against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. 29066895 11 49 located observed 1547:1554 arg2 activities 1531:1540 enhanced angiogenic and osteogenic activities 1496:1540 enhanced angiogenic and osteogenic activities 1496:1540 Moreover, enhanced angiogenic and osteogenic activities were observed on Cu II and Cu III groups. 29066895 11 49 located observed 1547:1554 arg1 groups 1576:1581 Cu II and Cu III groups 1559:1581 Cu II and Cu III groups 1559:1581 Moreover, enhanced angiogenic and osteogenic activities were observed on Cu II and Cu III groups. 29066895 3 50 theme Ti 410:411 arg1 substrates 413:422 Ti substrates 410:422 Ti substrates 410:422 Numerous studies were conducted to modify the surface topography and chemical composition of Ti substrates, for the purpose of obtaining antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities. 29066895 3 51 theme surface 363:369 arg1 topography 371:380 surface topography 363:380 surface topography 363:380 Numerous studies were conducted to modify the surface topography and chemical composition of Ti substrates, for the purpose of obtaining antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities. 29066895 12 52 theme angiogenic 1730:1739 arg1 properties 1757:1766 antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties 1715:1766 antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties 1715:1766 Overall, our results suggested that Cu-doped CSG nanocomposite coating is a promising candidate to functionalize Ti materials with antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties. 29066895 0 53 theme activities 56:65 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities of green 0:74 Evaluation of antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities of green synthesized gap-bridging copper-doped nanocomposite coatings. 29066895 3 54 theme substrates 413:422 arg1 composition 395:405 chemical composition 386:405 chemical composition 386:405 Numerous studies were conducted to modify the surface topography and chemical composition of Ti substrates, for the purpose of obtaining antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities. 29066895 3 54 theme substrates 413:422 arg1 topography 371:380 surface topography 363:380 surface topography 363:380 Numerous studies were conducted to modify the surface topography and chemical composition of Ti substrates, for the purpose of obtaining antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities. 29066895 4 55 theme deposition 551:560 arg1 method 562:567 green electrophoretic deposition method 529:567 green electrophoretic deposition method 529:567 In this study, using green electrophoretic deposition method, we fabricated gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings incorporated with different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) on the Ti substrates. 29066895 3 56 theme Numerous 317:324 arg1 studies 326:332 Numerous studies 317:332 Numerous studies 317:332 Numerous studies were conducted to modify the surface topography and chemical composition of Ti substrates, for the purpose of obtaining antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities. 29066895 10 57 theme cytocompatibility 1332:1348 arg1 evaluation 1350:1359 In vitro cytocompatibility evaluation 1323:1359 In vitro cytocompatibility evaluation 1323:1359 In vitro cytocompatibility evaluation demonstrated that activities of bone marrow stromal cells were not impaired on Cu-doped coatings except for the Cu IV group. 29066895 11 58 theme enhanced 1496:1503 arg1 activities 1531:1540 enhanced angiogenic and osteogenic activities 1496:1540 enhanced angiogenic and osteogenic activities 1496:1540 Moreover, enhanced angiogenic and osteogenic activities were observed on Cu II and Cu III groups. 29066895 4 59 theme electrophoretic 535:549 arg1 method 562:567 green electrophoretic deposition method 529:567 green electrophoretic deposition method 529:567 In this study, using green electrophoretic deposition method, we fabricated gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings incorporated with different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) on the Ti substrates. 29066895 9 60 theme antibacterial 1247:1259 arg1 property 1261:1268 The antibacterial property 1243:1268 The antibacterial property 1243:1268 The antibacterial property was positively correlated with the Cu concentration. 29066895 1 61 used used 184:187 arg2 alloys 160:165 its alloys 156:165 its alloys 156:165 Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been widely used in clinics for years. 29066895 1 61 used used 184:187 arg2 Ti 148:149 Ti 148:149 Ti 148:149 Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been widely used in clinics for years. 29066895 1 61 used used 184:187 arg2 Titanium 138:145 Titanium 138:145 Titanium (Ti) 138:150 Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been widely used in clinics for years. 29066895 11 62 theme angiogenic 1505:1514 arg1 activities 1531:1540 enhanced angiogenic and osteogenic activities 1496:1540 enhanced angiogenic and osteogenic activities 1496:1540 Moreover, enhanced angiogenic and osteogenic activities were observed on Cu II and Cu III groups. 29066895 2 63 with patients 270:277 arg1 conditions 305:314 compromised surgical conditions 284:314 compromised surgical conditions 284:314 However, their bio-inert surface challenges application in patients with compromised surgical conditions. 29066895 3 64 dep topography 371:380 arg1 the 359:361 the 359:361 the 359:361 Numerous studies were conducted to modify the surface topography and chemical composition of Ti substrates, for the purpose of obtaining antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities. 29066895 4 65 dep Cu 690:691 arg1 mM 715:716 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM 694:716 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I 694:725 In this study, using green electrophoretic deposition method, we fabricated gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings incorporated with different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) on the Ti substrates. 29066895 4 65 dep Cu 690:691 arg1 groups 744:749 II, III, and IV groups 728:749 II, III, and IV groups 728:749 In this study, using green electrophoretic deposition method, we fabricated gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings incorporated with different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) on the Ti substrates. 29066895 10 66 theme bone 1393:1396 arg1 marrow 1398:1403 bone marrow 1393:1403 bone marrow stromal cells 1393:1417 In vitro cytocompatibility evaluation demonstrated that activities of bone marrow stromal cells were not impaired on Cu-doped coatings except for the Cu IV group. 29066895 3 67 theme osteogenic 485:494 arg1 activities 496:505 antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities 454:505 antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities 454:505 Numerous studies were conducted to modify the surface topography and chemical composition of Ti substrates, for the purpose of obtaining antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities. 29066895 11 68 theme osteogenic 1520:1529 arg1 activities 1531:1540 enhanced angiogenic and osteogenic activities 1496:1540 enhanced angiogenic and osteogenic activities 1496:1540 Moreover, enhanced angiogenic and osteogenic activities were observed on Cu II and Cu III groups. 29066895 4 69 theme different 661:669 arg1 amounts 671:677 different amounts 661:677 different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) 661:764 In this study, using green electrophoretic deposition method, we fabricated gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings incorporated with different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) on the Ti substrates. 29066895 4 69 theme different 661:669 arg1 copper 682:687 copper 682:687 copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) 682:764 In this study, using green electrophoretic deposition method, we fabricated gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings incorporated with different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) on the Ti substrates. 29066895 5 70 theme coatings 830:837 arg1 characterization 804:819 Physicochemical characterization 788:819 Physicochemical characterization of these coatings 788:837 Physicochemical characterization of these coatings confirmed that Cu ions were successfully deposited into the coatings in a metallic status. 29066895 12 71 theme antibacterial 1715:1727 arg1 properties 1757:1766 antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties 1715:1766 antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties 1715:1766 Overall, our results suggested that Cu-doped CSG nanocomposite coating is a promising candidate to functionalize Ti materials with antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties. 29066895 0 72 theme osteogenic 45:54 arg1 activities 56:65 antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities 14:65 antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities of green 14:74 Evaluation of antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic activities of green synthesized gap-bridging copper-doped nanocomposite coatings. 29066895 2 73 theme bio-inert 226:234 arg1 surface 236:242 their bio-inert surface 220:242 their bio-inert surface 220:242 However, their bio-inert surface challenges application in patients with compromised surgical conditions. 29066895 8 74 dep Escherichia 1185:1195 arg1 coli 1197:1200 coli 1197:1200 coli 1197:1200 All Cu-containing CSG coatings showed antibacterial property against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. 29066895 4 75 theme nanocomposite 620:632 arg1 coatings 634:641 gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings 584:641 gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings incorporated with different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) 584:764 In this study, using green electrophoretic deposition method, we fabricated gap-bridging chitosan-gelatin (CSG) nanocomposite coatings incorporated with different amounts of copper (Cu; 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM for Cu I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively) on the Ti substrates. 29066895 12 76 theme Ti 1697:1698 arg1 materials 1700:1708 Ti materials 1697:1708 Ti materials 1697:1708 Overall, our results suggested that Cu-doped CSG nanocomposite coating is a promising candidate to functionalize Ti materials with antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties. 29066895 8 77 theme Cu-containing 1101:1113 arg1 coatings 1119:1126 All Cu-containing CSG coatings 1097:1126 All Cu-containing CSG coatings 1097:1126 All Cu-containing CSG coatings showed antibacterial property against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. 26373417 10 0 theme T 1399:1399 arg1 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 The type strain is 3bp(T) (=KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T)). 26373417 10 0 theme T 1399:1399 arg1 28646 1408:1412 =KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646 1373:1412 =KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T) 1373:1415 The type strain is 3bp(T) (=KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T)). 26373417 3 1 theme Cellulosimicrobium 424:441 arg1 T 463:463 T 463:463 T 463:463 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain 3bp(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is closely related to Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700(T), Cellulosimicrobium cellulans LMG16221(T) and Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206(T). 26373417 3 1 theme Cellulosimicrobium 424:441 arg1 E-072700 454:461 Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700 424:461 Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700(T) 424:464 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain 3bp(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is closely related to Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700(T), Cellulosimicrobium cellulans LMG16221(T) and Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206(T). 26373417 2 2 theme positive 101:108 arg1 strain 191:196 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain 88:196 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain designated 3bp(T) 88:214 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain designated 3bp(T) was isolated from Panagal reservoir, at Nalgonda, Telangana, India. 26373417 1 3 dep India 81:85 arg1 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov., isolated from Panagal reservoir, Nalgonda, India. 26373417 8 4 theme Strain 1183:1188 arg1 T 1194:1194 T 1194:1194 T 1194:1194 Strain 3bp(T) is thus considered to represent a novel member of the genus Cellulosimicrobium, for which the name Cellulosimicrobium aquatile sp. 26373417 8 4 theme Strain 1183:1188 arg1 3bp 1190:1192 Strain 3bp 1183:1192 Strain 3bp(T) 1183:1195 Strain 3bp(T) is thus considered to represent a novel member of the genus Cellulosimicrobium, for which the name Cellulosimicrobium aquatile sp. 26373417 5 5 theme predominant 903:913 arg1  0 876:877  0 876:877  0 876:877 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 5 5 theme predominant 903:913 arg1 C16:0 888:892 iso- C16:0 883:892 iso- C16:0 883:892 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 5 5 theme predominant 903:913 arg1 acids 930:934 the predominant cellular fatty acids 899:934 the predominant cellular fatty acids 899:934 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 3 6 theme gene 302:305 arg1 analysis 316:323 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 293:323 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 293:323 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain 3bp(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is closely related to Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700(T), Cellulosimicrobium cellulans LMG16221(T) and Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206(T). 26373417 7 7 theme genus 1157:1161 arg1 Cellulosimicrobium 1163:1180 the genus Cellulosimicrobium 1153:1180 the genus Cellulosimicrobium 1153:1180 The results of the polyphasic analysis allowed a clear differentiation of strain 3bp(T) from all other members of the genus Cellulosimicrobium. 26373417 6 8 theme strain 1010:1015 arg1 3bp 1017:1019 strain 3bp 1010:1019 strain 3bp(T) 1010:1022 The DNA G+C content of strain 3bp(T) was 73.8 mol%. 26373417 6 8 theme strain 1010:1015 arg1 T 1021:1021 T 1021:1021 T 1021:1021 The DNA G+C content of strain 3bp(T) was 73.8 mol%. 26373417 1 9 theme Panagal 52:58 arg1 reservoir 60:68 Panagal reservoir 52:68 Panagal reservoir 52:68 nov., isolated from Panagal reservoir, Nalgonda, India. 26373417 5 10 theme predominant 810:820 arg1 MK-9 793:796 MK-9 793:796 MK-9(H4) 793:800 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 5 10 theme predominant 810:820 arg1 anteiso-C15  835:846 anteiso-C15  835:846 anteiso-C15  835:846 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 5 10 theme predominant 810:820 arg1 menaquinone 822:832 the predominant menaquinone 806:832 the predominant menaquinone 806:832 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 3 11 theme sequence 307:314 arg1 analysis 316:323 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 293:323 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 293:323 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain 3bp(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is closely related to Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700(T), Cellulosimicrobium cellulans LMG16221(T) and Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206(T). 26373417 8 12 theme aquatile 1315:1322 arg1 sp 1324:1325 the name Cellulosimicrobium aquatile sp 1287:1325 the name Cellulosimicrobium aquatile sp 1287:1325 Strain 3bp(T) is thus considered to represent a novel member of the genus Cellulosimicrobium, for which the name Cellulosimicrobium aquatile sp. 26373417 7 13 theme polyphasic 1058:1067 arg1 analysis 1069:1076 the polyphasic analysis 1054:1076 the polyphasic analysis 1054:1076 The results of the polyphasic analysis allowed a clear differentiation of strain 3bp(T) from all other members of the genus Cellulosimicrobium. 26373417 5 14 theme genus 767:771 arg1 Cellulosimicrobium 773:790 the genus Cellulosimicrobium 763:790 the genus Cellulosimicrobium 763:790 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 7 15 from members 1142:1148 arg1 differentiation 1094:1108 a clear differentiation 1086:1108 a clear differentiation of strain 3bp(T) from all other members of the genus Cellulosimicrobium 1086:1180 The results of the polyphasic analysis allowed a clear differentiation of strain 3bp(T) from all other members of the genus Cellulosimicrobium. 26373417 1 16 attach isolated 38:45 arg2 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov., isolated from Panagal reservoir, Nalgonda, India. 26373417 1 16 attach isolated 38:45 arg1 reservoir 60:68 Panagal reservoir 52:68 Panagal reservoir 52:68 nov., isolated from Panagal reservoir, Nalgonda, India. 26373417 3 17 theme 16S 293:295 arg1 analysis 316:323 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 293:323 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 293:323 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain 3bp(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is closely related to Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700(T), Cellulosimicrobium cellulans LMG16221(T) and Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206(T). 26373417 2 18 theme non-motile 130:139 arg1 strain 191:196 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain 88:196 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain designated 3bp(T) 88:214 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain designated 3bp(T) was isolated from Panagal reservoir, at Nalgonda, Telangana, India. 26373417 4 19 from species 655:661 arg1 distinguishable 618:632 distinguishable 618:632 distinguishable 618:632 The DNA-DNA relatedness data demonstrated that strain 3bp(T) is distinguishable from the above three species of the genus. 26373417 4 20 theme genus 670:674 arg1 species 655:661 the above three species 639:661 the above three species of the genus 639:674 The DNA-DNA relatedness data demonstrated that strain 3bp(T) is distinguishable from the above three species of the genus. 26373417 10 21 theme  = MCC 1387:1392 arg1 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 The type strain is 3bp(T) (=KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T)). 26373417 10 21 theme  = MCC 1387:1392 arg1 28646 1408:1412 =KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646 1373:1412 =KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T) 1373:1415 The type strain is 3bp(T) (=KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T)). 26373417 4 22 theme relatedness 566:576 arg1 data 578:581 The DNA-DNA relatedness data 554:581 The DNA-DNA relatedness data 554:581 The DNA-DNA relatedness data demonstrated that strain 3bp(T) is distinguishable from the above three species of the genus. 26373417 3 23 theme rRNA 297:300 arg1 analysis 316:323 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 293:323 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 293:323 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain 3bp(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is closely related to Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700(T), Cellulosimicrobium cellulans LMG16221(T) and Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206(T). 26373417 5 24 theme cell-wall 944:952 arg1 peptidoglycan 954:966 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 940:966 the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine 940:984 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 10 25 dep 3bp 1365:1367 arg1 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 The type strain is 3bp(T) (=KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T)). 26373417 10 25 dep 3bp 1365:1367 arg1 28646 1408:1412 =KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646 1373:1412 =KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T) 1373:1415 The type strain is 3bp(T) (=KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T)). 26373417 2 26 theme Panagal 234:240 arg1 reservoir 242:250 Panagal reservoir 234:250 Panagal reservoir 234:250 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain designated 3bp(T) was isolated from Panagal reservoir, at Nalgonda, Telangana, India. 26373417 4 27 theme DNA-DNA 558:564 arg1 data 578:581 The DNA-DNA relatedness data 554:581 The DNA-DNA relatedness data 554:581 The DNA-DNA relatedness data demonstrated that strain 3bp(T) is distinguishable from the above three species of the genus. 26373417 5 28 theme chemotaxonomic 690:703 arg1 properties 705:714 the chemotaxonomic properties 686:714 the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) 686:731 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 5 28 theme chemotaxonomic 690:703 arg1 consistent 738:747 consistent 738:747 consistent 738:747 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 2 29 theme forming 121:127 arg1 strain 191:196 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain 88:196 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain designated 3bp(T) 88:214 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain designated 3bp(T) was isolated from Panagal reservoir, at Nalgonda, Telangana, India. 26373417 3 30 dep Cellulosimicrobium 424:441 arg1 funkei 443:448 funkei 443:448 funkei 443:448 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain 3bp(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is closely related to Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700(T), Cellulosimicrobium cellulans LMG16221(T) and Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206(T). 26373417 8 31 theme Cellulosimicrobium 1296:1313 arg1 sp 1324:1325 the name Cellulosimicrobium aquatile sp 1287:1325 the name Cellulosimicrobium aquatile sp 1287:1325 Strain 3bp(T) is thus considered to represent a novel member of the genus Cellulosimicrobium, for which the name Cellulosimicrobium aquatile sp. 26373417 8 32 theme name 1291:1294 arg1 sp 1324:1325 the name Cellulosimicrobium aquatile sp 1287:1325 the name Cellulosimicrobium aquatile sp 1287:1325 Strain 3bp(T) is thus considered to represent a novel member of the genus Cellulosimicrobium, for which the name Cellulosimicrobium aquatile sp. 26373417 8 33 theme Cellulosimicrobium 1257:1274 arg1 member 1237:1242 a novel member 1229:1242 a novel member 1229:1242 Strain 3bp(T) is thus considered to represent a novel member of the genus Cellulosimicrobium, for which the name Cellulosimicrobium aquatile sp. 26373417 8 34 theme genus 1251:1255 arg1 Cellulosimicrobium 1257:1274 the genus Cellulosimicrobium 1247:1274 the genus Cellulosimicrobium 1247:1274 Strain 3bp(T) is thus considered to represent a novel member of the genus Cellulosimicrobium, for which the name Cellulosimicrobium aquatile sp. 26373417 3 35 dep Cellulosimicrobium 512:529 arg1 terreum 531:537 terreum 531:537 terreum 531:537 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain 3bp(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is closely related to Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700(T), Cellulosimicrobium cellulans LMG16221(T) and Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206(T). 26373417 2 36 dep forming 121:127 arg1 non-spore 111:119 non-spore 111:119 non-spore 111:119 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain designated 3bp(T) was isolated from Panagal reservoir, at Nalgonda, Telangana, India. 26373417 7 37 theme analysis 1069:1076 arg1 results 1043:1049 The results 1039:1049 The results of the polyphasic analysis 1039:1076 The results of the polyphasic analysis allowed a clear differentiation of strain 3bp(T) from all other members of the genus Cellulosimicrobium. 26373417 3 38 theme Cellulosimicrobium 467:484 arg1 T 505:505 T 505:505 T 505:505 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain 3bp(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is closely related to Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700(T), Cellulosimicrobium cellulans LMG16221(T) and Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206(T). 26373417 3 38 theme Cellulosimicrobium 467:484 arg1 LMG16221 496:503 Cellulosimicrobium cellulans LMG16221 467:503 Cellulosimicrobium cellulans LMG16221(T) 467:506 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain 3bp(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is closely related to Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700(T), Cellulosimicrobium cellulans LMG16221(T) and Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206(T). 26373417 5 39 theme 3bp 726:728 arg1 properties 705:714 the chemotaxonomic properties 686:714 the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) 686:731 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 5 39 theme 3bp 726:728 arg1 consistent 738:747 consistent 738:747 consistent 738:747 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 5 40 theme strain 719:724 arg1 T 730:730 T 730:730 T 730:730 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 5 40 theme strain 719:724 arg1 3bp 726:728 strain 3bp 719:728 strain 3bp(T) 719:731 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 6 41 theme 3bp 1017:1019 arg1 content 999:1005 The DNA G+C content 987:1005 The DNA G+C content of strain 3bp(T) 987:1022 The DNA G+C content of strain 3bp(T) was 73.8 mol%. 26373417 6 41 theme 3bp 1017:1019 arg1 % 1036:1036 73.8 mol% 1028:1036 73.8 mol% 1028:1036 The DNA G+C content of strain 3bp(T) was 73.8 mol%. 26373417 2 42 theme shaped 164:169 arg1 strain 191:196 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain 88:196 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain designated 3bp(T) 88:214 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain designated 3bp(T) was isolated from Panagal reservoir, at Nalgonda, Telangana, India. 26373417 4 43 theme above 643:647 arg1 species 655:661 the above three species 639:661 the above three species of the genus 639:674 The DNA-DNA relatedness data demonstrated that strain 3bp(T) is distinguishable from the above three species of the genus. 26373417 3 44 dep Cellulosimicrobium 467:484 arg1 cellulans 486:494 cellulans 486:494 cellulans 486:494 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain 3bp(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is closely related to Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700(T), Cellulosimicrobium cellulans LMG16221(T) and Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206(T). 26373417 10 45 theme type 1350:1353 arg1 3bp 1365:1367 3bp 1365:1367 3bp(T) (=KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T)) 1365:1416 The type strain is 3bp(T) (=KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T)). 26373417 10 45 theme type 1350:1353 arg1 strain 1355:1360 The type strain 1346:1360 The type strain 1346:1360 The type strain is 3bp(T) (=KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T)). 26373417 5 46 theme cellular 915:922 arg1  0 876:877  0 876:877  0 876:877 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 5 46 theme cellular 915:922 arg1 C16:0 888:892 iso- C16:0 883:892 iso- C16:0 883:892 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 5 46 theme cellular 915:922 arg1 acids 930:934 the predominant cellular fatty acids 899:934 the predominant cellular fatty acids 899:934 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 10 47 theme T 1385:1385 arg1 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 The type strain is 3bp(T) (=KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T)). 26373417 10 47 theme T 1385:1385 arg1 28646 1408:1412 =KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646 1373:1412 =KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T) 1373:1415 The type strain is 3bp(T) (=KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T)). 26373417 7 48 theme strain 1113:1118 arg1 T 1124:1124 T 1124:1124 T 1124:1124 The results of the polyphasic analysis allowed a clear differentiation of strain 3bp(T) from all other members of the genus Cellulosimicrobium. 26373417 7 48 theme strain 1113:1118 arg1 3bp 1120:1122 strain 3bp 1113:1122 strain 3bp(T) 1113:1125 The results of the polyphasic analysis allowed a clear differentiation of strain 3bp(T) from all other members of the genus Cellulosimicrobium. 26373417 4 49 theme strain 601:606 arg1 3bp 608:610 strain 3bp 601:610 strain 3bp(T) 601:613 The DNA-DNA relatedness data demonstrated that strain 3bp(T) is distinguishable from the above three species of the genus. 26373417 4 49 theme strain 601:606 arg1 T 612:612 T 612:612 T 612:612 The DNA-DNA relatedness data demonstrated that strain 3bp(T) is distinguishable from the above three species of the genus. 26373417 10 50 theme 39527 1379:1383 arg1 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 The type strain is 3bp(T) (=KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T)). 26373417 10 50 theme 39527 1379:1383 arg1 28646 1408:1412 =KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646 1373:1412 =KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T) 1373:1415 The type strain is 3bp(T) (=KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T)). 26373417 5 51 theme fatty 924:928 arg1  0 876:877  0 876:877  0 876:877 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 5 51 theme fatty 924:928 arg1 C16:0 888:892 iso- C16:0 883:892 iso- C16:0 883:892 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 5 51 theme fatty 924:928 arg1 acids 930:934 the predominant cellular fatty acids 899:934 the predominant cellular fatty acids 899:934 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 3 52 theme Cellulosimicrobium 512:529 arg1 T 550:550 T 550:550 T 550:550 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain 3bp(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is closely related to Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700(T), Cellulosimicrobium cellulans LMG16221(T) and Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206(T). 26373417 3 52 theme Cellulosimicrobium 512:529 arg1 19206 544:548 Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206 512:548 Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206(T) 512:551 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain 3bp(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is closely related to Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700(T), Cellulosimicrobium cellulans LMG16221(T) and Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206(T). 26373417 8 53 theme novel 1231:1235 arg1 member 1237:1242 a novel member 1229:1242 a novel member 1229:1242 Strain 3bp(T) is thus considered to represent a novel member of the genus Cellulosimicrobium, for which the name Cellulosimicrobium aquatile sp. 26373417 3 54 theme class 377:381 arg1 Actinobacteria 383:396 the class Actinobacteria 373:396 the class Actinobacteria 373:396 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain 3bp(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is closely related to Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700(T), Cellulosimicrobium cellulans LMG16221(T) and Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206(T). 26373417 10 55 theme =KCTC 1373:1377 arg1 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 The type strain is 3bp(T) (=KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T)). 26373417 10 55 theme =KCTC 1373:1377 arg1 28646 1408:1412 =KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646 1373:1412 =KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T) 1373:1415 The type strain is 3bp(T) (=KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T)). 26373417 5 56 dep peptidoglycan 954:966 arg1 contains 968:975 contains 968:975 contains L-lysine 968:984 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 2 57 theme yellow-pigmented 142:157 arg1 strain 191:196 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain 88:196 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain designated 3bp(T) 88:214 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain designated 3bp(T) was isolated from Panagal reservoir, at Nalgonda, Telangana, India. 26373417 7 58 theme Cellulosimicrobium 1163:1180 arg1 members 1142:1148 all other members 1132:1148 all other members of the genus Cellulosimicrobium 1132:1180 The results of the polyphasic analysis allowed a clear differentiation of strain 3bp(T) from all other members of the genus Cellulosimicrobium. 26373417 5 59 dep anteiso-C15  835:846 arg1  0 848:849  0 848:849  0 848:849 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 3 60 theme strain 348:353 arg1 T 359:359 T 359:359 T 359:359 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain 3bp(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is closely related to Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700(T), Cellulosimicrobium cellulans LMG16221(T) and Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206(T). 26373417 3 60 theme strain 348:353 arg1 3bp 355:357 strain 3bp 348:357 strain 3bp(T) 348:360 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain 3bp(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is closely related to Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700(T), Cellulosimicrobium cellulans LMG16221(T) and Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206(T). 26373417 5 61 theme iso- 883:886 arg1  0 876:877  0 876:877  0 876:877 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 5 61 theme iso- 883:886 arg1 C16:0 888:892 iso- C16:0 883:892 iso- C16:0 883:892 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 5 61 theme iso- 883:886 arg1 acids 930:934 the predominant cellular fatty acids 899:934 the predominant cellular fatty acids 899:934 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 2 62 theme aerobic 183:189 arg1 strain 191:196 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain 88:196 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain designated 3bp(T) 88:214 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain designated 3bp(T) was isolated from Panagal reservoir, at Nalgonda, Telangana, India. 26373417 6 63 theme G+C 995:997 arg1 content 999:1005 The DNA G+C content 987:1005 The DNA G+C content of strain 3bp(T) 987:1022 The DNA G+C content of strain 3bp(T) was 73.8 mol%. 26373417 6 63 theme G+C 995:997 arg1 % 1036:1036 73.8 mol% 1028:1036 73.8 mol% 1028:1036 The DNA G+C content of strain 3bp(T) was 73.8 mol%. 26373417 2 64 attach isolated 220:227 arg2 strain 191:196 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain 88:196 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain designated 3bp(T) 88:214 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain designated 3bp(T) was isolated from Panagal reservoir, at Nalgonda, Telangana, India. 26373417 2 64 attach isolated 220:227 arg1 reservoir 242:250 Panagal reservoir 234:250 Panagal reservoir 234:250 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain designated 3bp(T) was isolated from Panagal reservoir, at Nalgonda, Telangana, India. 26373417 5 65 with consistent 738:747 arg1 those 754:758 those 754:758 those 754:758 Further, the chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3bp(T) were consistent with those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium: MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso- C16:0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine. 26373417 2 66 theme coccoid 175:181 arg1 strain 191:196 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain 88:196 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain designated 3bp(T) 88:214 A Gram-stain positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod shaped and coccoid aerobic strain designated 3bp(T) was isolated from Panagal reservoir, at Nalgonda, Telangana, India. 26373417 6 67 theme 73.8 mol 1028:1035 arg1 content 999:1005 The DNA G+C content 987:1005 The DNA G+C content of strain 3bp(T) 987:1022 The DNA G+C content of strain 3bp(T) was 73.8 mol%. 26373417 6 67 theme 73.8 mol 1028:1035 arg1 % 1036:1036 73.8 mol% 1028:1036 73.8 mol% 1028:1036 The DNA G+C content of strain 3bp(T) was 73.8 mol%. 26373417 7 68 theme clear 1088:1092 arg1 differentiation 1094:1108 a clear differentiation 1086:1108 a clear differentiation of strain 3bp(T) from all other members of the genus Cellulosimicrobium 1086:1180 The results of the polyphasic analysis allowed a clear differentiation of strain 3bp(T) from all other members of the genus Cellulosimicrobium. 26373417 7 69 theme 3bp 1120:1122 arg1 differentiation 1094:1108 a clear differentiation 1086:1108 a clear differentiation of strain 3bp(T) from all other members of the genus Cellulosimicrobium 1086:1180 The results of the polyphasic analysis allowed a clear differentiation of strain 3bp(T) from all other members of the genus Cellulosimicrobium. 26373417 10 70 theme  = LMG 1401:1406 arg1 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 T 1414:1414 The type strain is 3bp(T) (=KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T)). 26373417 10 70 theme  = LMG 1401:1406 arg1 28646 1408:1412 =KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646 1373:1412 =KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T) 1373:1415 The type strain is 3bp(T) (=KCTC 39527(T) = MCC 2761(T) = LMG 28646(T)). 26373417 3 71 theme VTT 450:452 arg1 T 463:463 T 463:463 T 463:463 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain 3bp(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is closely related to Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700(T), Cellulosimicrobium cellulans LMG16221(T) and Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206(T). 26373417 3 71 theme VTT 450:452 arg1 E-072700 454:461 Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700 424:461 Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700(T) 424:464 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain 3bp(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is closely related to Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700(T), Cellulosimicrobium cellulans LMG16221(T) and Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206(T). 26373417 7 72 theme other 1136:1140 arg1 members 1142:1148 all other members 1132:1148 all other members of the genus Cellulosimicrobium 1132:1180 The results of the polyphasic analysis allowed a clear differentiation of strain 3bp(T) from all other members of the genus Cellulosimicrobium. 26373417 6 73 theme DNA 991:993 arg1 content 999:1005 The DNA G+C content 987:1005 The DNA G+C content of strain 3bp(T) 987:1022 The DNA G+C content of strain 3bp(T) was 73.8 mol%. 26373417 6 73 theme DNA 991:993 arg1 % 1036:1036 73.8 mol% 1028:1036 73.8 mol% 1028:1036 The DNA G+C content of strain 3bp(T) was 73.8 mol%. 26373417 3 74 theme KCTC 539:542 arg1 T 550:550 T 550:550 T 550:550 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain 3bp(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is closely related to Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700(T), Cellulosimicrobium cellulans LMG16221(T) and Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206(T). 26373417 3 74 theme KCTC 539:542 arg1 19206 544:548 Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206 512:548 Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206(T) 512:551 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified that strain 3bp(T) belongs to the class Actinobacteria and is closely related to Cellulosimicrobium funkei VTT E-072700(T), Cellulosimicrobium cellulans LMG16221(T) and Cellulosimicrobium terreum KCTC 19206(T). 24478212 12 0 contain had 1294:1296 arg1 strains 1286:1292 Both strains 1281:1292 Both strains 1281:1292 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6% with Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT and <96.8% with other members of the genus Bacillus. 24478212 12 0 contain had 1294:1296 arg2 similarity 1309:1318 a sequence similarity 1298:1318 a sequence similarity of 97.6% with Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT and <96.8% with other members of the genus Bacillus 1298:1409 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6% with Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT and <96.8% with other members of the genus Bacillus. 24478212 15 1 theme Bacillus 1807:1814 arg1 sp 1823:1824 Bacillus luteus sp 1807:1824 the name Bacillus luteus sp 1798:1824 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa support the classification of strain JC167T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus luteus sp. 24478212 12 2 theme % 1368:1368 arg1 similarity 1309:1318 a sequence similarity 1298:1318 a sequence similarity of 97.6% with Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT and <96.8% with other members of the genus Bacillus 1298:1409 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6% with Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT and <96.8% with other members of the genus Bacillus. 24478212 8 3 theme meso-diaminopimelic 893:911 arg1 acid 913:916 meso-diaminopimelic acid 893:916 meso-diaminopimelic acid 893:916 Cell wall amino acids were L-alanine, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24478212 15 4 dep name 1802:1805 arg1 sp 1823:1824 Bacillus luteus sp 1807:1824 the name Bacillus luteus sp 1798:1824 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa support the classification of strain JC167T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus luteus sp. 24478212 5 5 theme H2S 433:435 arg1 production 437:446 H2S production 433:446 H2S production 433:446 Both strains were positive for catalase, oxidase and hydrolysis of starch/gelatin, and negative for chitin hydrolysis, H2S production, indole production and nitrate reduction activity. 24478212 17 6 theme =KCTC 1872:1876 arg1 27257T 1889:1894 =KCTC 33100T=LMG 27257T 1872:1894 =KCTC 33100T=LMG 27257T 1872:1894 The type strain is JC167T (=KCTC 33100T=LMG 27257T). 24478212 17 6 theme =KCTC 1872:1876 arg1 JC167T 1864:1869 JC167T 1864:1869 JC167T (=KCTC 33100T=LMG 27257T) 1864:1895 The type strain is JC167T (=KCTC 33100T=LMG 27257T). 24478212 12 7 theme % 1327:1327 arg1 similarity 1309:1318 a sequence similarity 1298:1318 a sequence similarity of 97.6% with Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT and <96.8% with other members of the genus Bacillus 1298:1409 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6% with Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT and <96.8% with other members of the genus Bacillus. 24478212 15 8 theme genus 1772:1776 arg1 species 1757:1763 a novel species 1749:1763 a novel species 1749:1763 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa support the classification of strain JC167T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus luteus sp. 24478212 14 9 dep B. 1553:1554 arg1 saliphilus 1556:1565 saliphilus 1556:1565 saliphilus 1556:1565 Strain JC167T showed 25.8±1% reassociation (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) with B. saliphilus DSM 15402T (=6AGT). 24478212 15 10 dep genus 1772:1776 arg1 Bacillus 1778:1785 the genus Bacillus 1768:1785 the genus Bacillus 1768:1785 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa support the classification of strain JC167T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus luteus sp. 24478212 12 11 theme saliphilus 1343:1352 arg1 6AGT 1354:1357 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 1334:1357 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 1334:1357 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6% with Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT and <96.8% with other members of the genus Bacillus. 24478212 2 12 theme bacterial 50:58 arg1 JC168 80:84 JC168 80:84 JC168 80:84 Two bacterial strains (JC167T and JC168) were isolated from a soil sample collected from Mandpam, Tamilnadu, India. 24478212 2 12 theme bacterial 50:58 arg1 JC167T 69:74 JC167T 69:74 JC167T 69:74 Two bacterial strains (JC167T and JC168) were isolated from a soil sample collected from Mandpam, Tamilnadu, India. 24478212 2 12 theme bacterial 50:58 arg1 strains 60:66 Two bacterial strains 46:66 Two bacterial strains (JC167T and JC168) 46:85 Two bacterial strains (JC167T and JC168) were isolated from a soil sample collected from Mandpam, Tamilnadu, India. 24478212 15 13 theme luteus 1816:1821 arg1 sp 1823:1824 Bacillus luteus sp 1807:1824 the name Bacillus luteus sp 1798:1824 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa support the classification of strain JC167T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus luteus sp. 24478212 6 14 theme B/iso-C17:0 676:686 arg1 C16:1ω11c 694:702 C16:1ω11c 694:702 C16:1ω11c 694:702 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 14 theme B/iso-C17:0 676:686 arg1 iso-C17:0 651:659 iso-C17:0 651:659 iso-C17:0 651:659 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 14 theme B/iso-C17:0 676:686 arg1 B/iso-C17:0 676:686 anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I 662:688 anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I 662:688 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 14 theme B/iso-C17:0 676:686 arg1 amounts 640:646 minor (<5 but >1%) amounts 621:646 minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c 621:702 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 12 15 theme sequence 1300:1307 arg1 similarity 1309:1318 a sequence similarity 1298:1318 a sequence similarity of 97.6% with Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT and <96.8% with other members of the genus Bacillus 1298:1409 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6% with Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT and <96.8% with other members of the genus Bacillus. 24478212 9 16 attach present 969:975 arg2 carotenoids 952:962 five unidentified carotenoids 934:962 five unidentified carotenoids 934:962 β-Carotene and five unidentified carotenoids were present in both strains. 24478212 9 16 attach present 969:975 arg2 β-Carotene 919:928 β-Carotene 919:928 β-Carotene 919:928 β-Carotene and five unidentified carotenoids were present in both strains. 24478212 9 16 attach present 969:975 arg1 strains 985:991 both strains 980:991 both strains 980:991 β-Carotene and five unidentified carotenoids were present in both strains. 24478212 15 17 from taxa 1677:1680 arg1 differences 1639:1649 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences 1587:1649 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa 1587:1680 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa support the classification of strain JC167T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus luteus sp. 24478212 14 18 theme % 1499:1499 arg1 reassociation 1501:1513 25.8±1% reassociation 1493:1513 25.8±1% reassociation (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) 1493:1546 Strain JC167T showed 25.8±1% reassociation (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) with B. saliphilus DSM 15402T (=6AGT). 24478212 11 19 theme Firmicutes 1269:1278 arg1 Bacillaceae 1243:1253 the family Bacillaceae 1232:1253 the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes 1232:1278 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains indicated that they represent species of the genus Bacillus within the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes. 24478212 10 20 theme genomic 999:1005 arg1 content 1015:1021 Mean genomic DNA G+C content 994:1021 Mean genomic DNA G+C content 994:1021 Mean genomic DNA G+C content was 53.4±1 mol% and the two strains were closely related (mean DNA-DNA hybridization>90%). 24478212 14 21 theme DSM 1567:1569 arg1 15402T 1571:1576 B. saliphilus DSM 15402T 1553:1576 B. saliphilus DSM 15402T (=6AGT) 1553:1584 Strain JC167T showed 25.8±1% reassociation (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) with B. saliphilus DSM 15402T (=6AGT). 24478212 14 21 theme DSM 1567:1569 arg1 =6AGT 1579:1583 =6AGT 1579:1583 =6AGT 1579:1583 Strain JC167T showed 25.8±1% reassociation (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) with B. saliphilus DSM 15402T (=6AGT). 24478212 14 22 theme Strain 1472:1477 arg1 JC167T 1479:1484 Strain JC167T 1472:1484 Strain JC167T 1472:1484 Strain JC167T showed 25.8±1% reassociation (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) with B. saliphilus DSM 15402T (=6AGT). 24478212 14 23 theme B. 1553:1554 arg1 15402T 1571:1576 B. saliphilus DSM 15402T 1553:1576 B. saliphilus DSM 15402T (=6AGT) 1553:1584 Strain JC167T showed 25.8±1% reassociation (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) with B. saliphilus DSM 15402T (=6AGT). 24478212 14 23 theme B. 1553:1554 arg1 =6AGT 1579:1583 =6AGT 1579:1583 =6AGT 1579:1583 Strain JC167T showed 25.8±1% reassociation (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) with B. saliphilus DSM 15402T (=6AGT). 24478212 5 24 theme nitrate 471:477 arg1 activity 489:496 nitrate reduction activity 471:496 nitrate reduction activity 471:496 Both strains were positive for catalase, oxidase and hydrolysis of starch/gelatin, and negative for chitin hydrolysis, H2S production, indole production and nitrate reduction activity. 24478212 2 25 dep strains 60:66 arg1 JC168 80:84 JC168 80:84 JC168 80:84 Two bacterial strains (JC167T and JC168) were isolated from a soil sample collected from Mandpam, Tamilnadu, India. 24478212 2 25 dep strains 60:66 arg1 JC167T 69:74 JC167T 69:74 JC167T 69:74 Two bacterial strains (JC167T and JC168) were isolated from a soil sample collected from Mandpam, Tamilnadu, India. 24478212 2 25 dep strains 60:66 arg1 strains 60:66 Two bacterial strains 46:66 Two bacterial strains (JC167T and JC168) 46:85 Two bacterial strains (JC167T and JC168) were isolated from a soil sample collected from Mandpam, Tamilnadu, India. 24478212 6 26 with iso-C15:0 570:578 arg1 C16:1ω11c 694:702 C16:1ω11c 694:702 C16:1ω11c 694:702 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 26 with iso-C15:0 570:578 arg1 iso-C17:0 651:659 iso-C17:0 651:659 iso-C17:0 651:659 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 26 with iso-C15:0 570:578 arg1 B/iso-C17:0 676:686 anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I 662:688 anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I 662:688 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 26 with iso-C15:0 570:578 arg1 amounts 640:646 minor (<5 but >1%) amounts 621:646 minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c 621:702 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 10 27 theme G+C 1011:1013 arg1 content 1015:1021 Mean genomic DNA G+C content 994:1021 Mean genomic DNA G+C content 994:1021 Mean genomic DNA G+C content was 53.4±1 mol% and the two strains were closely related (mean DNA-DNA hybridization>90%). 24478212 6 28 with anteiso-C17:0 581:593 arg1 C16:1ω11c 694:702 C16:1ω11c 694:702 C16:1ω11c 694:702 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 28 with anteiso-C17:0 581:593 arg1 iso-C17:0 651:659 iso-C17:0 651:659 iso-C17:0 651:659 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 28 with anteiso-C17:0 581:593 arg1 B/iso-C17:0 676:686 anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I 662:688 anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I 662:688 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 28 with anteiso-C17:0 581:593 arg1 amounts 640:646 minor (<5 but >1%) amounts 621:646 minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c 621:702 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 14 29 theme DNA-DNA 1525:1531 arg1 hybridization 1533:1545 DNA-DNA hybridization 1525:1545 DNA-DNA hybridization 1525:1545 Strain JC167T showed 25.8±1% reassociation (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) with B. saliphilus DSM 15402T (=6AGT). 24478212 7 30 theme polar 794:798 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 758:777 phosphatidylglycerol 758:777 phosphatidylglycerol 758:777 Diphosphatydilglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids of both strains. 24478212 7 30 theme polar 794:798 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 729:752 phosphatidylethanolamine 729:752 phosphatidylethanolamine 729:752 Diphosphatydilglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids of both strains. 24478212 7 30 theme polar 794:798 arg1 Diphosphatydilglycerol 705:726 Diphosphatydilglycerol 705:726 Diphosphatydilglycerol 705:726 Diphosphatydilglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids of both strains. 24478212 7 30 theme polar 794:798 arg1 lipids 800:805 the major polar lipids 784:805 the major polar lipids of both strains 784:821 Diphosphatydilglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids of both strains. 24478212 6 31 with anteiso-C15:0 544:556 arg1 C16:1ω11c 694:702 C16:1ω11c 694:702 C16:1ω11c 694:702 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 31 with anteiso-C15:0 544:556 arg1 iso-C17:0 651:659 iso-C17:0 651:659 iso-C17:0 651:659 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 31 with anteiso-C15:0 544:556 arg1 B/iso-C17:0 676:686 anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I 662:688 anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I 662:688 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 31 with anteiso-C15:0 544:556 arg1 amounts 640:646 minor (<5 but >1%) amounts 621:646 minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c 621:702 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 9 32 from strains 985:991 arg1 present 969:975 present 969:975 present 969:975 β-Carotene and five unidentified carotenoids were present in both strains. 24478212 15 33 theme JC167T 1719:1724 arg1 representative 1731:1744 a representative 1729:1744 a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus luteus sp 1729:1824 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa support the classification of strain JC167T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus luteus sp. 24478212 15 33 theme JC167T 1719:1724 arg1 classification 1694:1707 the classification 1690:1707 the classification of strain JC167T 1690:1724 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa support the classification of strain JC167T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus luteus sp. 24478212 10 34 theme mol 1034:1036 arg1 % 1037:1037 53.4±1 mol% 1027:1037 53.4±1 mol% 1027:1037 Mean genomic DNA G+C content was 53.4±1 mol% and the two strains were closely related (mean DNA-DNA hybridization>90%). 24478212 6 35 with iso-C16:0 559:567 arg1 C16:1ω11c 694:702 C16:1ω11c 694:702 C16:1ω11c 694:702 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 35 with iso-C16:0 559:567 arg1 iso-C17:0 651:659 iso-C17:0 651:659 iso-C17:0 651:659 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 35 with iso-C16:0 559:567 arg1 B/iso-C17:0 676:686 anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I 662:688 anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I 662:688 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 35 with iso-C16:0 559:567 arg1 amounts 640:646 minor (<5 but >1%) amounts 621:646 minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c 621:702 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 0 36 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 16:17 Bacillus luteus sp 0:17 Bacillus luteus sp. 0:18 Bacillus luteus sp. 24478212 11 37 theme gene 1123:1126 arg1 comparisons 1137:1147 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 1114:1147 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains 1114:1163 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains indicated that they represent species of the genus Bacillus within the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes. 24478212 8 38 theme wall 829:832 arg1 acids 840:844 Cell wall amino acids 824:844 Cell wall amino acids 824:844 Cell wall amino acids were L-alanine, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24478212 15 39 theme novel 1751:1755 arg1 species 1757:1763 a novel species 1749:1763 a novel species 1749:1763 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa support the classification of strain JC167T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus luteus sp. 24478212 12 40 theme Bacillus 1402:1409 arg1 members 1381:1387 other members 1375:1387 other members of the genus Bacillus 1375:1409 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6% with Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT and <96.8% with other members of the genus Bacillus. 24478212 11 41 theme 16S 1114:1116 arg1 comparisons 1137:1147 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 1114:1147 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains 1114:1163 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains indicated that they represent species of the genus Bacillus within the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes. 24478212 11 42 theme sequence 1128:1135 arg1 comparisons 1137:1147 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 1114:1147 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains 1114:1163 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains indicated that they represent species of the genus Bacillus within the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes. 24478212 10 43 theme mean 1081:1084 arg1 % 1110:1110 mean DNA-DNA hybridization>90% 1081:1110 mean DNA-DNA hybridization>90% 1081:1110 Mean genomic DNA G+C content was 53.4±1 mol% and the two strains were closely related (mean DNA-DNA hybridization>90%). 24478212 10 43 theme mean 1081:1084 arg1 strains 1051:1057 the two strains 1043:1057 the two strains 1043:1057 Mean genomic DNA G+C content was 53.4±1 mol% and the two strains were closely related (mean DNA-DNA hybridization>90%). 24478212 10 43 theme mean 1081:1084 arg1 related 1072:1078 related 1072:1078 related 1072:1078 Mean genomic DNA G+C content was 53.4±1 mol% and the two strains were closely related (mean DNA-DNA hybridization>90%). 24478212 6 44 with iso-C14:0 596:604 arg1 C16:1ω11c 694:702 C16:1ω11c 694:702 C16:1ω11c 694:702 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 44 with iso-C14:0 596:604 arg1 iso-C17:0 651:659 iso-C17:0 651:659 iso-C17:0 651:659 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 44 with iso-C14:0 596:604 arg1 B/iso-C17:0 676:686 anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I 662:688 anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I 662:688 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 44 with iso-C14:0 596:604 arg1 amounts 640:646 minor (<5 but >1%) amounts 621:646 minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c 621:702 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 45 theme iso-C17:0 651:659 arg1 C16:1ω11c 694:702 C16:1ω11c 694:702 C16:1ω11c 694:702 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 45 theme iso-C17:0 651:659 arg1 iso-C17:0 651:659 iso-C17:0 651:659 iso-C17:0 651:659 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 45 theme iso-C17:0 651:659 arg1 B/iso-C17:0 676:686 anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I 662:688 anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I 662:688 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 45 theme iso-C17:0 651:659 arg1 amounts 640:646 minor (<5 but >1%) amounts 621:646 minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c 621:702 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 4 46 theme shape 307:311 arg1 endospores 273:282 terminal endospores 264:282 terminal endospores of ellipsoidal to oval shape 264:311 Cells were small rods, and formed terminal endospores of ellipsoidal to oval shape. 24478212 12 47 with % 1327:1327 arg1 6AGT 1354:1357 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 1334:1357 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 1334:1357 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6% with Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT and <96.8% with other members of the genus Bacillus. 24478212 12 47 with % 1327:1327 arg1 members 1381:1387 other members 1375:1387 other members of the genus Bacillus 1375:1409 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6% with Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT and <96.8% with other members of the genus Bacillus. 24478212 6 48 with C16:0 610:614 arg1 C16:1ω11c 694:702 C16:1ω11c 694:702 C16:1ω11c 694:702 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 48 with C16:0 610:614 arg1 iso-C17:0 651:659 iso-C17:0 651:659 iso-C17:0 651:659 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 48 with C16:0 610:614 arg1 B/iso-C17:0 676:686 anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I 662:688 anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I 662:688 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 48 with C16:0 610:614 arg1 amounts 640:646 minor (<5 but >1%) amounts 621:646 minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c 621:702 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 8 49 theme D-glutamic 873:882 arg1 acid 884:887 D-glutamic acid 873:887 D-glutamic acid 873:887 Cell wall amino acids were L-alanine, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24478212 6 50 theme fatty 505:509 arg1 acids 511:515 Major fatty acids 499:515 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) 499:537 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 17 51 theme type 1849:1852 arg1 strain 1854:1859 The type strain 1845:1859 The type strain 1845:1859 The type strain is JC167T (=KCTC 33100T=LMG 27257T). 24478212 17 51 theme type 1849:1852 arg1 JC167T 1864:1869 JC167T 1864:1869 JC167T (=KCTC 33100T=LMG 27257T) 1864:1895 The type strain is JC167T (=KCTC 33100T=LMG 27257T). 24478212 10 52 dep related 1072:1078 arg1 % 1110:1110 mean DNA-DNA hybridization>90% 1081:1110 mean DNA-DNA hybridization>90% 1081:1110 Mean genomic DNA G+C content was 53.4±1 mol% and the two strains were closely related (mean DNA-DNA hybridization>90%). 24478212 10 52 dep related 1072:1078 arg1 strains 1051:1057 the two strains 1043:1057 the two strains 1043:1057 Mean genomic DNA G+C content was 53.4±1 mol% and the two strains were closely related (mean DNA-DNA hybridization>90%). 24478212 10 52 dep related 1072:1078 arg1 related 1072:1078 related 1072:1078 related 1072:1078 Mean genomic DNA G+C content was 53.4±1 mol% and the two strains were closely related (mean DNA-DNA hybridization>90%). 24478212 2 53 attach isolated 92:99 arg2 JC168 80:84 JC168 80:84 JC168 80:84 Two bacterial strains (JC167T and JC168) were isolated from a soil sample collected from Mandpam, Tamilnadu, India. 24478212 2 53 attach isolated 92:99 arg2 JC167T 69:74 JC167T 69:74 JC167T 69:74 Two bacterial strains (JC167T and JC168) were isolated from a soil sample collected from Mandpam, Tamilnadu, India. 24478212 2 53 attach isolated 92:99 arg2 strains 60:66 Two bacterial strains 46:66 Two bacterial strains (JC167T and JC168) 46:85 Two bacterial strains (JC167T and JC168) were isolated from a soil sample collected from Mandpam, Tamilnadu, India. 24478212 2 53 attach isolated 92:99 arg1 sample 113:118 a soil sample 106:118 a soil sample collected from Mandpam, Tamilnadu, India 106:159 Two bacterial strains (JC167T and JC168) were isolated from a soil sample collected from Mandpam, Tamilnadu, India. 24478212 3 54 theme strains 179:185 arg1 Colonies 162:169 Colonies 162:169 Colonies of both strains 162:185 Colonies of both strains were orange and cells Gram-stain-positive. 24478212 15 55 theme Distinct 1587:1594 arg1 differences 1639:1649 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences 1587:1649 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa 1587:1680 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa support the classification of strain JC167T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus luteus sp. 24478212 12 56 theme Bacillus 1334:1341 arg1 6AGT 1354:1357 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 1334:1357 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 1334:1357 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6% with Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT and <96.8% with other members of the genus Bacillus. 24478212 5 57 theme indole 449:454 arg1 production 456:465 indole production 449:465 indole production 449:465 Both strains were positive for catalase, oxidase and hydrolysis of starch/gelatin, and negative for chitin hydrolysis, H2S production, indole production and nitrate reduction activity. 24478212 2 58 theme soil 108:111 arg1 sample 113:118 a soil sample 106:118 a soil sample collected from Mandpam, Tamilnadu, India 106:159 Two bacterial strains (JC167T and JC168) were isolated from a soil sample collected from Mandpam, Tamilnadu, India. 24478212 6 59 theme C16:1ω11c 694:702 arg1 C16:1ω11c 694:702 C16:1ω11c 694:702 C16:1ω11c 694:702 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 59 theme C16:1ω11c 694:702 arg1 iso-C17:0 651:659 iso-C17:0 651:659 iso-C17:0 651:659 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 59 theme C16:1ω11c 694:702 arg1 B/iso-C17:0 676:686 anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I 662:688 anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I 662:688 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 59 theme C16:1ω11c 694:702 arg1 amounts 640:646 minor (<5 but >1%) amounts 621:646 minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c 621:702 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 17 60 theme 33100T=LMG 1878:1887 arg1 27257T 1889:1894 =KCTC 33100T=LMG 27257T 1872:1894 =KCTC 33100T=LMG 27257T 1872:1894 The type strain is JC167T (=KCTC 33100T=LMG 27257T). 24478212 17 60 theme 33100T=LMG 1878:1887 arg1 JC167T 1864:1869 JC167T 1864:1869 JC167T (=KCTC 33100T=LMG 27257T) 1864:1895 The type strain is JC167T (=KCTC 33100T=LMG 27257T). 24478212 7 61 theme major 788:792 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 758:777 phosphatidylglycerol 758:777 phosphatidylglycerol 758:777 Diphosphatydilglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids of both strains. 24478212 7 61 theme major 788:792 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 729:752 phosphatidylethanolamine 729:752 phosphatidylethanolamine 729:752 Diphosphatydilglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids of both strains. 24478212 7 61 theme major 788:792 arg1 Diphosphatydilglycerol 705:726 Diphosphatydilglycerol 705:726 Diphosphatydilglycerol 705:726 Diphosphatydilglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids of both strains. 24478212 7 61 theme major 788:792 arg1 lipids 800:805 the major polar lipids 784:805 the major polar lipids of both strains 784:821 Diphosphatydilglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids of both strains. 24478212 11 62 theme family 1236:1241 arg1 Bacillaceae 1243:1253 the family Bacillaceae 1232:1253 the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes 1232:1278 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains indicated that they represent species of the genus Bacillus within the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes. 24478212 6 63 theme anteiso-C17:0 662:674 arg1 B/iso-C17:0 676:686 anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I 662:688 anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I 662:688 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 5 64 theme chitin 414:419 arg1 hydrolysis 421:430 chitin hydrolysis 414:430 chitin hydrolysis 414:430 Both strains were positive for catalase, oxidase and hydrolysis of starch/gelatin, and negative for chitin hydrolysis, H2S production, indole production and nitrate reduction activity. 24478212 6 65 theme strains 525:531 arg1 acids 511:515 Major fatty acids 499:515 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) 499:537 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 11 66 theme phylum 1262:1267 arg1 Firmicutes 1269:1278 the phylum Firmicutes 1258:1278 the phylum Firmicutes 1258:1278 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains indicated that they represent species of the genus Bacillus within the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes. 24478212 11 67 theme strains 1157:1163 arg1 comparisons 1137:1147 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 1114:1147 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains 1114:1163 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains indicated that they represent species of the genus Bacillus within the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes. 24478212 14 68 theme 25.8±1 1493:1498 arg1 % 1499:1499 % 1499:1499 % 1499:1499 Strain JC167T showed 25.8±1% reassociation (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) with B. saliphilus DSM 15402T (=6AGT). 24478212 10 69 theme Mean 994:997 arg1 content 1015:1021 Mean genomic DNA G+C content 994:1021 Mean genomic DNA G+C content 994:1021 Mean genomic DNA G+C content was 53.4±1 mol% and the two strains were closely related (mean DNA-DNA hybridization>90%). 24478212 15 70 theme genotypic 1629:1637 arg1 differences 1639:1649 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences 1587:1649 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa 1587:1680 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa support the classification of strain JC167T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus luteus sp. 24478212 13 71 theme strain 1440:1445 arg1 JC167T 1447:1452 strain JC167T 1440:1452 strain JC167T 1440:1452 Sequence similarity between strain JC167T and 168 was 100%. 24478212 15 72 theme physiological 1611:1623 arg1 differences 1639:1649 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences 1587:1649 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa 1587:1680 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa support the classification of strain JC167T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus luteus sp. 24478212 5 73 theme reduction 479:487 arg1 activity 489:496 nitrate reduction activity 471:496 nitrate reduction activity 471:496 Both strains were positive for catalase, oxidase and hydrolysis of starch/gelatin, and negative for chitin hydrolysis, H2S production, indole production and nitrate reduction activity. 24478212 15 74 theme morphological 1596:1608 arg1 differences 1639:1649 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences 1587:1649 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa 1587:1680 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa support the classification of strain JC167T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus luteus sp. 24478212 10 75 theme DNA 1007:1009 arg1 content 1015:1021 Mean genomic DNA G+C content 994:1021 Mean genomic DNA G+C content 994:1021 Mean genomic DNA G+C content was 53.4±1 mol% and the two strains were closely related (mean DNA-DNA hybridization>90%). 24478212 4 76 theme terminal 264:271 arg1 endospores 273:282 terminal endospores 264:282 terminal endospores of ellipsoidal to oval shape 264:311 Cells were small rods, and formed terminal endospores of ellipsoidal to oval shape. 24478212 6 77 theme <5 628:629 arg1 % 637:637 <5 but >1% 628:637 % 637:637 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 15 78 theme strain 1712:1717 arg1 JC167T 1719:1724 strain JC167T 1712:1724 strain JC167T 1712:1724 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa support the classification of strain JC167T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus luteus sp. 24478212 4 79 theme small 241:245 arg1 rods 247:250 small rods 241:250 small rods 241:250 Cells were small rods, and formed terminal endospores of ellipsoidal to oval shape. 24478212 6 80 dep minor 621:625 arg1 % 637:637 <5 but >1% 628:637 % 637:637 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 81 theme minor 621:625 arg1 C16:1ω11c 694:702 C16:1ω11c 694:702 C16:1ω11c 694:702 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 81 theme minor 621:625 arg1 iso-C17:0 651:659 iso-C17:0 651:659 iso-C17:0 651:659 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 81 theme minor 621:625 arg1 B/iso-C17:0 676:686 anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I 662:688 anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I 662:688 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 6 81 theme minor 621:625 arg1 amounts 640:646 minor (<5 but >1%) amounts 621:646 minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c 621:702 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 0 82 theme luteus 9:14 arg1 sp 16:17 Bacillus luteus sp 0:17 Bacillus luteus sp. 0:18 Bacillus luteus sp. 24478212 10 83 theme 53.4±1 1027:1032 arg1 % 1037:1037 53.4±1 mol% 1027:1037 53.4±1 mol% 1027:1037 Mean genomic DNA G+C content was 53.4±1 mol% and the two strains were closely related (mean DNA-DNA hybridization>90%). 24478212 15 84 theme species 1757:1763 arg1 representative 1731:1744 a representative 1729:1744 a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus luteus sp 1729:1824 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa support the classification of strain JC167T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus luteus sp. 24478212 15 84 theme species 1757:1763 arg1 classification 1694:1707 the classification 1690:1707 the classification of strain JC167T 1690:1724 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa support the classification of strain JC167T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus luteus sp. 24478212 11 85 theme rRNA 1118:1121 arg1 comparisons 1137:1147 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 1114:1147 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains 1114:1163 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains indicated that they represent species of the genus Bacillus within the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes. 24478212 12 86 with % 1368:1368 arg1 6AGT 1354:1357 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 1334:1357 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 1334:1357 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6% with Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT and <96.8% with other members of the genus Bacillus. 24478212 12 86 with % 1368:1368 arg1 members 1381:1387 other members 1375:1387 other members of the genus Bacillus 1375:1409 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6% with Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT and <96.8% with other members of the genus Bacillus. 24478212 11 87 theme Bacillus 1216:1223 arg1 species 1195:1201 species 1195:1201 species of the genus Bacillus 1195:1223 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons of both strains indicated that they represent species of the genus Bacillus within the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes. 24478212 4 88 dep shape 307:311 arg1 to 299:300 to 299:300 to 299:300 Cells were small rods, and formed terminal endospores of ellipsoidal to oval shape. 24478212 13 89 theme Sequence 1412:1419 arg1 similarity 1421:1430 Sequence similarity 1412:1430 Sequence similarity between strain JC167T and 168 1412:1460 Sequence similarity between strain JC167T and 168 was 100%. 24478212 8 90 theme Cell 824:827 arg1 acids 840:844 Cell wall amino acids 824:844 Cell wall amino acids 824:844 Cell wall amino acids were L-alanine, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24478212 9 91 located present 969:975 arg2 carotenoids 952:962 five unidentified carotenoids 934:962 five unidentified carotenoids 934:962 β-Carotene and five unidentified carotenoids were present in both strains. 24478212 9 91 located present 969:975 arg2 β-Carotene 919:928 β-Carotene 919:928 β-Carotene 919:928 β-Carotene and five unidentified carotenoids were present in both strains. 24478212 9 91 located present 969:975 arg1 strains 985:991 both strains 980:991 both strains 980:991 β-Carotene and five unidentified carotenoids were present in both strains. 24478212 9 92 from present 969:975 arg1 strains 985:991 both strains 980:991 both strains 980:991 β-Carotene and five unidentified carotenoids were present in both strains. 24478212 15 93 theme described 1667:1675 arg1 taxa 1677:1680 previously described taxa 1656:1680 previously described taxa 1656:1680 Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa support the classification of strain JC167T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus luteus sp. 24478212 8 94 theme amino 834:838 arg1 acids 840:844 Cell wall amino acids 824:844 Cell wall amino acids 824:844 Cell wall amino acids were L-alanine, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid and meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24478212 6 95 theme Major 499:503 arg1 acids 511:515 Major fatty acids 499:515 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) 499:537 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 4 96 theme ellipsoidal 287:297 arg1 shape 307:311 ellipsoidal to oval shape 287:311 ellipsoidal to oval shape 287:311 Cells were small rods, and formed terminal endospores of ellipsoidal to oval shape. 24478212 5 97 theme starch/gelatin 381:394 arg1 hydrolysis 367:376 hydrolysis 367:376 hydrolysis of starch/gelatin 367:394 Both strains were positive for catalase, oxidase and hydrolysis of starch/gelatin, and negative for chitin hydrolysis, H2S production, indole production and nitrate reduction activity. 24478212 5 97 theme starch/gelatin 381:394 arg1 oxidase 355:361 oxidase 355:361 oxidase 355:361 Both strains were positive for catalase, oxidase and hydrolysis of starch/gelatin, and negative for chitin hydrolysis, H2S production, indole production and nitrate reduction activity. 24478212 5 97 theme starch/gelatin 381:394 arg1 catalase 345:352 catalase 345:352 catalase 345:352 Both strains were positive for catalase, oxidase and hydrolysis of starch/gelatin, and negative for chitin hydrolysis, H2S production, indole production and nitrate reduction activity. 24478212 12 98 theme other 1375:1379 arg1 members 1381:1387 other members 1375:1387 other members of the genus Bacillus 1375:1409 Both strains had a sequence similarity of 97.6% with Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT and <96.8% with other members of the genus Bacillus. 24478212 4 99 theme oval 302:305 arg1 shape 307:311 ellipsoidal to oval shape 287:311 ellipsoidal to oval shape 287:311 Cells were small rods, and formed terminal endospores of ellipsoidal to oval shape. 24478212 6 100 theme >1 635:636 arg1 % 637:637 <5 but >1% 628:637 % 637:637 Major fatty acids of both strains (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 with minor (<5 but >1%) amounts of iso-C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 B/iso-C17:0 I and C16:1ω11c. 24478212 9 101 theme unidentified 939:950 arg1 carotenoids 952:962 five unidentified carotenoids 934:962 five unidentified carotenoids 934:962 β-Carotene and five unidentified carotenoids were present in both strains. 24478212 14 102 dep reassociation 1501:1513 arg1 based 1516:1520 based 1516:1520 based on DNA-DNA hybridization 1516:1545 Strain JC167T showed 25.8±1% reassociation (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) with B. saliphilus DSM 15402T (=6AGT). 24478212 7 103 theme strains 815:821 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 758:777 phosphatidylglycerol 758:777 phosphatidylglycerol 758:777 Diphosphatydilglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids of both strains. 24478212 7 103 theme strains 815:821 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 729:752 phosphatidylethanolamine 729:752 phosphatidylethanolamine 729:752 Diphosphatydilglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids of both strains. 24478212 7 103 theme strains 815:821 arg1 Diphosphatydilglycerol 705:726 Diphosphatydilglycerol 705:726 Diphosphatydilglycerol 705:726 Diphosphatydilglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids of both strains. 24478212 7 103 theme strains 815:821 arg1 lipids 800:805 the major polar lipids 784:805 the major polar lipids of both strains 784:821 Diphosphatydilglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids of both strains. 24478212 10 104 theme DNA-DNA 1086:1092 arg1 % 1110:1110 mean DNA-DNA hybridization>90% 1081:1110 mean DNA-DNA hybridization>90% 1081:1110 Mean genomic DNA G+C content was 53.4±1 mol% and the two strains were closely related (mean DNA-DNA hybridization>90%). 24478212 10 104 theme DNA-DNA 1086:1092 arg1 strains 1051:1057 the two strains 1043:1057 the two strains 1043:1057 Mean genomic DNA G+C content was 53.4±1 mol% and the two strains were closely related (mean DNA-DNA hybridization>90%). 24478212 10 104 theme DNA-DNA 1086:1092 arg1 related 1072:1078 related 1072:1078 related 1072:1078 Mean genomic DNA G+C content was 53.4±1 mol% and the two strains were closely related (mean DNA-DNA hybridization>90%). 27660288 5 0 theme intestinal 660:669 arg1 EMT 671:673 intestinal EMT 660:673 intestinal EMT 660:673 The effects of pectin on intestinal EMT and fibrosis, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration were evaluated. 27660288 7 1 theme Enhanced 904:911 arg1 +/vimentin+ 945:955 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ 904:955 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ 904:955 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ and EGFP+/α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ coexpressing cells were most clearly observed at 2 weeks after irradiation and gradually decreased at 4 and 12 weeks. 27660288 8 2 theme deposition 1186:1195 arg1 thickness 1150:1158 the thickness 1146:1158 the thickness of submucosa and collagen deposition 1146:1195 Pectin significantly attenuated the thickness of submucosa and collagen deposition at 12 weeks (24.3 vs 27.6 µm in the pectin + radiation-treated group compared with radiation-alone group, respectively, P < .05; 69.0% vs 57.1%, P < .001) and ameliorated EMT at 2 and 4 weeks. 27660288 4 3 theme MATERIALS 419:427 arg1 pectin 447:452 MATERIALS AND METHODS Apple pectin 419:452 MATERIALS AND METHODS Apple pectin (4% wt/wt in drinking water) 419:481 MATERIALS AND METHODS Apple pectin (4% wt/wt in drinking water) was administered to wild-type and pVillin-Cre-EGFP transgenic mice with intestinal fibrosis induced by a single dose of abdominal irradiation of 10 Gy. 27660288 4 4 theme irradiation 613:623 arg1 dose 595:598 a single dose 586:598 a single dose of abdominal irradiation of 10 Gy 586:632 MATERIALS AND METHODS Apple pectin (4% wt/wt in drinking water) was administered to wild-type and pVillin-Cre-EGFP transgenic mice with intestinal fibrosis induced by a single dose of abdominal irradiation of 10 Gy. 27660288 6 5 theme radiation 805:813 arg1 enteropathy 815:825 late radiation enteropathy 800:825 late radiation enteropathy 800:825 RESULTS Intestinal fibrosis in late radiation enteropathy showed increased submucosal thickness and subepithelial collagen deposition. 27660288 4 6 theme METHODS 433:439 arg1 pectin 447:452 MATERIALS AND METHODS Apple pectin 419:452 MATERIALS AND METHODS Apple pectin (4% wt/wt in drinking water) 419:481 MATERIALS AND METHODS Apple pectin (4% wt/wt in drinking water) was administered to wild-type and pVillin-Cre-EGFP transgenic mice with intestinal fibrosis induced by a single dose of abdominal irradiation of 10 Gy. 27660288 6 7 dep RESULTS 769:775 arg1 fibrosis 788:795 Intestinal fibrosis 777:795 RESULTS Intestinal fibrosis in late radiation enteropathy 769:825 RESULTS Intestinal fibrosis in late radiation enteropathy showed increased submucosal thickness and subepithelial collagen deposition. 27660288 10 8 theme fiber 1527:1531 arg1 pectin 1533:1538 The soluble dietary fiber pectin 1507:1538 The soluble dietary fiber pectin 1507:1538 CONCLUSION The soluble dietary fiber pectin protected the terminal ileum against radiation-induced fibrosis. 27660288 8 9 dep attenuated 1135:1144 arg1 µm 1223:1224 24.3 vs 27.6 µm 1210:1224 24.3 vs 27.6 µm in the pectin + radiation-treated group compared with radiation-alone group, respectively 1210:1314 Pectin significantly attenuated the thickness of submucosa and collagen deposition at 12 weeks (24.3 vs 27.6 µm in the pectin + radiation-treated group compared with radiation-alone group, respectively, P < .05; 69.0% vs 57.1%, P < .001) and ameliorated EMT at 2 and 4 weeks. 27660288 5 10 theme pectin 650:655 arg1 effects 639:645 The effects 635:645 The effects of pectin on intestinal EMT and fibrosis, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration 635:751 The effects of pectin on intestinal EMT and fibrosis, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration were evaluated. 27660288 6 11 theme Intestinal 777:786 arg1 fibrosis 788:795 Intestinal fibrosis 777:795 RESULTS Intestinal fibrosis in late radiation enteropathy 769:825 RESULTS Intestinal fibrosis in late radiation enteropathy showed increased submucosal thickness and subepithelial collagen deposition. 27660288 10 12 theme terminal 1554:1561 arg1 ileum 1563:1567 the terminal ileum 1550:1567 the terminal ileum 1550:1567 CONCLUSION The soluble dietary fiber pectin protected the terminal ileum against radiation-induced fibrosis. 27660288 3 13 from EMT 384:386 arg1 model 412:416 a mouse model 404:416 a mouse model 404:416 The aim of this study was to examine the effect of soluble dietary fiber on radiation-induced intestinal EMT and fibrosis in a mouse model. 27660288 5 14 theme fatty 721:725 arg1 SCFA 733:736 SCFA 733:736 SCFA 733:736 The effects of pectin on intestinal EMT and fibrosis, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration were evaluated. 27660288 5 14 theme fatty 721:725 arg1 acid 727:730 short-chain fatty acid 709:730 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration 709:751 The effects of pectin on intestinal EMT and fibrosis, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration were evaluated. 27660288 3 15 from fibrosis 392:399 arg1 model 412:416 a mouse model 404:416 a mouse model 404:416 The aim of this study was to examine the effect of soluble dietary fiber on radiation-induced intestinal EMT and fibrosis in a mouse model. 27660288 9 16 theme microbiota 1427:1436 arg1 composition 1438:1448 the intestinal microbiota composition 1412:1448 the intestinal microbiota composition 1412:1448 Pectin also modulated the intestinal microbiota composition and increased the luminal SCFA concentration. 27660288 3 17 theme soluble 330:336 arg1 fiber 346:350 soluble dietary fiber 330:350 soluble dietary fiber 330:350 The aim of this study was to examine the effect of soluble dietary fiber on radiation-induced intestinal EMT and fibrosis in a mouse model. 27660288 4 18 theme drinking 467:474 arg1 water 476:480 drinking water 467:480 drinking water 467:480 MATERIALS AND METHODS Apple pectin (4% wt/wt in drinking water) was administered to wild-type and pVillin-Cre-EGFP transgenic mice with intestinal fibrosis induced by a single dose of abdominal irradiation of 10 Gy. 27660288 10 19 dep CONCLUSION 1496:1505 arg1 protected 1540:1548 protected 1540:1548 protected the terminal ileum against radiation-induced fibrosis 1540:1602 CONCLUSION The soluble dietary fiber pectin protected the terminal ileum against radiation-induced fibrosis. 27660288 2 20 theme tissue 262:267 arg1 fibrosis 269:276 tissue fibrosis 262:276 tissue fibrosis 262:276 Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in tissue fibrosis. 27660288 8 21 theme P 1317:1317 arg1 < 1319:1319 P < .05 1317:1323 P < .05 1317:1323 Pectin significantly attenuated the thickness of submucosa and collagen deposition at 12 weeks (24.3 vs 27.6 µm in the pectin + radiation-treated group compared with radiation-alone group, respectively, P < .05; 69.0% vs 57.1%, P < .001) and ameliorated EMT at 2 and 4 weeks. 27660288 1 22 theme pelvic 171:176 arg1 radiotherapy 178:189 pelvic radiotherapy 171:189 pelvic radiotherapy 171:189 BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is a late complication of pelvic radiotherapy. 27660288 3 23 theme radiation-induced 355:371 arg1 EMT 384:386 radiation-induced intestinal EMT 355:386 radiation-induced intestinal EMT 355:386 The aim of this study was to examine the effect of soluble dietary fiber on radiation-induced intestinal EMT and fibrosis in a mouse model. 27660288 11 24 theme ileal 1712:1716 arg1 epithelium 1718:1727 the ileal epithelium 1708:1727 the ileal epithelium 1708:1727 This effect might be mediated by altered SCFA concentration in the intestinal lumen and reduced EMT in the ileal epithelium. 27660288 7 25 theme coexpressing 996:1007 arg1 cells 1009:1013 coexpressing cells 996:1013 coexpressing cells 996:1013 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ and EGFP+/α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ coexpressing cells were most clearly observed at 2 weeks after irradiation and gradually decreased at 4 and 12 weeks. 27660288 9 26 theme SCFA 1476:1479 arg1 concentration 1481:1493 the luminal SCFA concentration 1464:1493 the luminal SCFA concentration 1464:1493 Pectin also modulated the intestinal microbiota composition and increased the luminal SCFA concentration. 27660288 3 27 theme fiber 346:350 arg1 effect 320:325 the effect 316:325 the effect of soluble dietary fiber on radiation-induced intestinal EMT and fibrosis in a mouse model 316:416 The aim of this study was to examine the effect of soluble dietary fiber on radiation-induced intestinal EMT and fibrosis in a mouse model. 27660288 4 28 theme wild-type 503:511 arg1 mice 545:548 wild-type and pVillin-Cre-EGFP transgenic mice 503:548 wild-type and pVillin-Cre-EGFP transgenic mice 503:548 MATERIALS AND METHODS Apple pectin (4% wt/wt in drinking water) was administered to wild-type and pVillin-Cre-EGFP transgenic mice with intestinal fibrosis induced by a single dose of abdominal irradiation of 10 Gy. 27660288 4 29 theme pVillin-Cre-EGFP 517:532 arg1 mice 545:548 wild-type and pVillin-Cre-EGFP transgenic mice 503:548 wild-type and pVillin-Cre-EGFP transgenic mice 503:548 MATERIALS AND METHODS Apple pectin (4% wt/wt in drinking water) was administered to wild-type and pVillin-Cre-EGFP transgenic mice with intestinal fibrosis induced by a single dose of abdominal irradiation of 10 Gy. 27660288 7 30 theme muscle 976:981 arg1 SMA 990:992 SMA 990:992 SMA 990:992 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ and EGFP+/α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ coexpressing cells were most clearly observed at 2 weeks after irradiation and gradually decreased at 4 and 12 weeks. 27660288 7 30 theme muscle 976:981 arg1 actin 983:987 EGFP+/α-smooth muscle actin 961:987 EGFP+/α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) 961:993 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ and EGFP+/α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ coexpressing cells were most clearly observed at 2 weeks after irradiation and gradually decreased at 4 and 12 weeks. 27660288 1 31 theme BACKGROUND 114:123 arg1 fibrosis 136:143 BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis 114:143 BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis 114:143 BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is a late complication of pelvic radiotherapy. 27660288 1 31 theme BACKGROUND 114:123 arg1 complication 155:166 a late complication 148:166 a late complication of pelvic radiotherapy 148:189 BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is a late complication of pelvic radiotherapy. 27660288 8 32 theme P 1342:1342 arg1 < 1344:1344 P < .001 1342:1349 P < .001 1342:1349 Pectin significantly attenuated the thickness of submucosa and collagen deposition at 12 weeks (24.3 vs 27.6 µm in the pectin + radiation-treated group compared with radiation-alone group, respectively, P < .05; 69.0% vs 57.1%, P < .001) and ameliorated EMT at 2 and 4 weeks. 27660288 0 33 theme Soluble 0:6 arg1 Fiber 16:20 Soluble Dietary Fiber 0:20 Soluble Dietary Fiber 0:20 Soluble Dietary Fiber Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Intestinal Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Fibrosis. 27660288 6 34 from RESULTS 769:775 arg1 enteropathy 815:825 late radiation enteropathy 800:825 late radiation enteropathy 800:825 RESULTS Intestinal fibrosis in late radiation enteropathy showed increased submucosal thickness and subepithelial collagen deposition. 27660288 8 35 dep µm 1223:1224 arg1 % 1330:1330 69.0% 1326:1330 69.0% 1326:1330 Pectin significantly attenuated the thickness of submucosa and collagen deposition at 12 weeks (24.3 vs 27.6 µm in the pectin + radiation-treated group compared with radiation-alone group, respectively, P < .05; 69.0% vs 57.1%, P < .001) and ameliorated EMT at 2 and 4 weeks. 27660288 8 35 dep µm 1223:1224 arg1 % 1339:1339 57.1% 1335:1339 57.1% 1335:1339 Pectin significantly attenuated the thickness of submucosa and collagen deposition at 12 weeks (24.3 vs 27.6 µm in the pectin + radiation-treated group compared with radiation-alone group, respectively, P < .05; 69.0% vs 57.1%, P < .001) and ameliorated EMT at 2 and 4 weeks. 27660288 8 35 dep µm 1223:1224 arg1 < 1344:1344 P < .001 1342:1349 P < .001 1342:1349 Pectin significantly attenuated the thickness of submucosa and collagen deposition at 12 weeks (24.3 vs 27.6 µm in the pectin + radiation-treated group compared with radiation-alone group, respectively, P < .05; 69.0% vs 57.1%, P < .001) and ameliorated EMT at 2 and 4 weeks. 27660288 8 35 dep µm 1223:1224 arg1 < 1319:1319 P < .05 1317:1323 P < .05 1317:1323 Pectin significantly attenuated the thickness of submucosa and collagen deposition at 12 weeks (24.3 vs 27.6 µm in the pectin + radiation-treated group compared with radiation-alone group, respectively, P < .05; 69.0% vs 57.1%, P < .001) and ameliorated EMT at 2 and 4 weeks. 27660288 0 36 theme Radiation-Induced 34:50 arg1 Transition 89:98 Radiation-Induced Intestinal Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition 34:98 Radiation-Induced Intestinal Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition 34:98 Soluble Dietary Fiber Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Intestinal Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Fibrosis. 27660288 6 37 theme collagen 883:890 arg1 deposition 892:901 subepithelial collagen deposition 869:901 subepithelial collagen deposition 869:901 RESULTS Intestinal fibrosis in late radiation enteropathy showed increased submucosal thickness and subepithelial collagen deposition. 27660288 11 38 theme intestinal 1672:1681 arg1 lumen 1683:1687 the intestinal lumen 1668:1687 the intestinal lumen 1668:1687 This effect might be mediated by altered SCFA concentration in the intestinal lumen and reduced EMT in the ileal epithelium. 27660288 0 39 theme Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal 63:87 arg1 Transition 89:98 Radiation-Induced Intestinal Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition 34:98 Radiation-Induced Intestinal Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition 34:98 Soluble Dietary Fiber Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Intestinal Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Fibrosis. 27660288 4 40 theme intestinal 555:564 arg1 fibrosis 566:573 intestinal fibrosis 555:573 intestinal fibrosis induced by a single dose of abdominal irradiation of 10 Gy 555:632 MATERIALS AND METHODS Apple pectin (4% wt/wt in drinking water) was administered to wild-type and pVillin-Cre-EGFP transgenic mice with intestinal fibrosis induced by a single dose of abdominal irradiation of 10 Gy. 27660288 3 41 from effect 320:325 arg1 fibrosis 392:399 fibrosis 392:399 fibrosis 392:399 The aim of this study was to examine the effect of soluble dietary fiber on radiation-induced intestinal EMT and fibrosis in a mouse model. 27660288 3 41 from effect 320:325 arg1 EMT 384:386 radiation-induced intestinal EMT 355:386 radiation-induced intestinal EMT 355:386 The aim of this study was to examine the effect of soluble dietary fiber on radiation-induced intestinal EMT and fibrosis in a mouse model. 27660288 6 42 theme submucosal 844:853 arg1 thickness 855:863 increased submucosal thickness 834:863 increased submucosal thickness 834:863 RESULTS Intestinal fibrosis in late radiation enteropathy showed increased submucosal thickness and subepithelial collagen deposition. 27660288 10 43 theme dietary 1519:1525 arg1 pectin 1533:1538 The soluble dietary fiber pectin 1507:1538 The soluble dietary fiber pectin 1507:1538 CONCLUSION The soluble dietary fiber pectin protected the terminal ileum against radiation-induced fibrosis. 27660288 4 44 theme Gy 631:632 arg1 irradiation 613:623 abdominal irradiation 603:623 abdominal irradiation of 10 Gy 603:632 MATERIALS AND METHODS Apple pectin (4% wt/wt in drinking water) was administered to wild-type and pVillin-Cre-EGFP transgenic mice with intestinal fibrosis induced by a single dose of abdominal irradiation of 10 Gy. 27660288 7 45 theme protein 931:937 arg1 +/vimentin+ 945:955 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ 904:955 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ 904:955 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ and EGFP+/α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ coexpressing cells were most clearly observed at 2 weeks after irradiation and gradually decreased at 4 and 12 weeks. 27660288 8 46 theme submucosa 1163:1171 arg1 thickness 1150:1158 the thickness 1146:1158 the thickness of submucosa and collagen deposition 1146:1195 Pectin significantly attenuated the thickness of submucosa and collagen deposition at 12 weeks (24.3 vs 27.6 µm in the pectin + radiation-treated group compared with radiation-alone group, respectively, P < .05; 69.0% vs 57.1%, P < .001) and ameliorated EMT at 2 and 4 weeks. 27660288 7 47 theme green 913:917 arg1 EGFP 940:943 EGFP 940:943 EGFP 940:943 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ and EGFP+/α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ coexpressing cells were most clearly observed at 2 weeks after irradiation and gradually decreased at 4 and 12 weeks. 27660288 7 47 theme green 913:917 arg1 protein 931:937 green fluorescent protein 913:937 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ 904:955 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ and EGFP+/α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ coexpressing cells were most clearly observed at 2 weeks after irradiation and gradually decreased at 4 and 12 weeks. 27660288 8 48 theme collagen 1177:1184 arg1 deposition 1186:1195 collagen deposition 1177:1195 collagen deposition 1177:1195 Pectin significantly attenuated the thickness of submucosa and collagen deposition at 12 weeks (24.3 vs 27.6 µm in the pectin + radiation-treated group compared with radiation-alone group, respectively, P < .05; 69.0% vs 57.1%, P < .001) and ameliorated EMT at 2 and 4 weeks. 27660288 4 49 theme Apple 441:445 arg1 pectin 447:452 MATERIALS AND METHODS Apple pectin 419:452 MATERIALS AND METHODS Apple pectin (4% wt/wt in drinking water) 419:481 MATERIALS AND METHODS Apple pectin (4% wt/wt in drinking water) was administered to wild-type and pVillin-Cre-EGFP transgenic mice with intestinal fibrosis induced by a single dose of abdominal irradiation of 10 Gy. 27660288 4 50 theme abdominal 603:611 arg1 irradiation 613:623 abdominal irradiation 603:623 abdominal irradiation of 10 Gy 603:632 MATERIALS AND METHODS Apple pectin (4% wt/wt in drinking water) was administered to wild-type and pVillin-Cre-EGFP transgenic mice with intestinal fibrosis induced by a single dose of abdominal irradiation of 10 Gy. 27660288 7 51 located observed 1033:1040 arg2 +/vimentin+ 945:955 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ 904:955 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ 904:955 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ and EGFP+/α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ coexpressing cells were most clearly observed at 2 weeks after irradiation and gradually decreased at 4 and 12 weeks. 27660288 7 51 located observed 1033:1040 arg1 weeks 1047:1051 2 weeks 1045:1051 2 weeks after irradiation 1045:1069 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ and EGFP+/α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ coexpressing cells were most clearly observed at 2 weeks after irradiation and gradually decreased at 4 and 12 weeks. 27660288 7 51 located observed 1033:1040 arg2 actin 983:987 EGFP+/α-smooth muscle actin 961:987 EGFP+/α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) 961:993 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ and EGFP+/α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ coexpressing cells were most clearly observed at 2 weeks after irradiation and gradually decreased at 4 and 12 weeks. 27660288 7 51 located observed 1033:1040 arg2 SMA 990:992 SMA 990:992 SMA 990:992 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ and EGFP+/α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ coexpressing cells were most clearly observed at 2 weeks after irradiation and gradually decreased at 4 and 12 weeks. 27660288 2 52 theme Epithelial-to-mesenchymal 192:216 arg1 EMT 230:232 EMT 230:232 EMT 230:232 Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in tissue fibrosis. 27660288 2 52 theme Epithelial-to-mesenchymal 192:216 arg1 transition 218:227 Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition 192:227 Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) 192:233 Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in tissue fibrosis. 27660288 6 53 theme late 800:803 arg1 enteropathy 815:825 late radiation enteropathy 800:825 late radiation enteropathy 800:825 RESULTS Intestinal fibrosis in late radiation enteropathy showed increased submucosal thickness and subepithelial collagen deposition. 27660288 8 54 from µm 1223:1224 arg1 group 1260:1264 the pectin + radiation-treated group 1229:1264 group 1260:1264 Pectin significantly attenuated the thickness of submucosa and collagen deposition at 12 weeks (24.3 vs 27.6 µm in the pectin + radiation-treated group compared with radiation-alone group, respectively, P < .05; 69.0% vs 57.1%, P < .001) and ameliorated EMT at 2 and 4 weeks. 27660288 3 55 theme study 295:299 arg1 aim 283:285 The aim 279:285 The aim of this study 279:299 The aim of this study was to examine the effect of soluble dietary fiber on radiation-induced intestinal EMT and fibrosis in a mouse model. 27660288 8 56 theme pectin 1233:1238 arg1 group 1260:1264 the pectin + radiation-treated group 1229:1264 group 1260:1264 Pectin significantly attenuated the thickness of submucosa and collagen deposition at 12 weeks (24.3 vs 27.6 µm in the pectin + radiation-treated group compared with radiation-alone group, respectively, P < .05; 69.0% vs 57.1%, P < .001) and ameliorated EMT at 2 and 4 weeks. 27660288 10 57 theme radiation-induced 1577:1593 arg1 fibrosis 1595:1602 radiation-induced fibrosis 1577:1602 radiation-induced fibrosis 1577:1602 CONCLUSION The soluble dietary fiber pectin protected the terminal ileum against radiation-induced fibrosis. 27660288 11 58 theme SCFA 1646:1649 arg1 concentration 1651:1663 SCFA concentration 1646:1663 SCFA concentration 1646:1663 This effect might be mediated by altered SCFA concentration in the intestinal lumen and reduced EMT in the ileal epithelium. 27660288 8 59 theme radiation-treated 1242:1258 arg1 group 1260:1264 the pectin + radiation-treated group 1229:1264 group 1260:1264 Pectin significantly attenuated the thickness of submucosa and collagen deposition at 12 weeks (24.3 vs 27.6 µm in the pectin + radiation-treated group compared with radiation-alone group, respectively, P < .05; 69.0% vs 57.1%, P < .001) and ameliorated EMT at 2 and 4 weeks. 27660288 1 60 theme radiotherapy 178:189 arg1 fibrosis 136:143 BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis 114:143 BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis 114:143 BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is a late complication of pelvic radiotherapy. 27660288 1 60 theme radiotherapy 178:189 arg1 complication 155:166 a late complication 148:166 a late complication of pelvic radiotherapy 148:189 BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is a late complication of pelvic radiotherapy. 27660288 5 61 theme short-chain 709:719 arg1 SCFA 733:736 SCFA 733:736 SCFA 733:736 The effects of pectin on intestinal EMT and fibrosis, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration were evaluated. 27660288 5 61 theme short-chain 709:719 arg1 acid 727:730 short-chain fatty acid 709:730 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration 709:751 The effects of pectin on intestinal EMT and fibrosis, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration were evaluated. 27660288 9 62 theme intestinal 1416:1425 arg1 composition 1438:1448 the intestinal microbiota composition 1412:1448 the intestinal microbiota composition 1412:1448 Pectin also modulated the intestinal microbiota composition and increased the luminal SCFA concentration. 27660288 8 63 theme radiation-alone 1280:1294 arg1 group 1296:1300 radiation-alone group 1280:1300 radiation-alone group 1280:1300 Pectin significantly attenuated the thickness of submucosa and collagen deposition at 12 weeks (24.3 vs 27.6 µm in the pectin + radiation-treated group compared with radiation-alone group, respectively, P < .05; 69.0% vs 57.1%, P < .001) and ameliorated EMT at 2 and 4 weeks. 27660288 1 64 theme late 150:153 arg1 fibrosis 136:143 BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis 114:143 BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis 114:143 BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is a late complication of pelvic radiotherapy. 27660288 1 64 theme late 150:153 arg1 complication 155:166 a late complication 148:166 a late complication of pelvic radiotherapy 148:189 BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is a late complication of pelvic radiotherapy. 27660288 3 65 theme dietary 338:344 arg1 fiber 346:350 soluble dietary fiber 330:350 soluble dietary fiber 330:350 The aim of this study was to examine the effect of soluble dietary fiber on radiation-induced intestinal EMT and fibrosis in a mouse model. 27660288 5 66 theme gut 689:691 arg1 microbiota 693:702 gut microbiota 689:702 gut microbiota 689:702 The effects of pectin on intestinal EMT and fibrosis, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration were evaluated. 27660288 4 67 theme % 456:456 arg1 wt/wt 458:462 4% wt/wt 455:462 4% wt/wt 455:462 MATERIALS AND METHODS Apple pectin (4% wt/wt in drinking water) was administered to wild-type and pVillin-Cre-EGFP transgenic mice with intestinal fibrosis induced by a single dose of abdominal irradiation of 10 Gy. 27660288 9 68 theme luminal 1468:1474 arg1 concentration 1481:1493 the luminal SCFA concentration 1464:1493 the luminal SCFA concentration 1464:1493 Pectin also modulated the intestinal microbiota composition and increased the luminal SCFA concentration. 27660288 3 69 theme intestinal 373:382 arg1 EMT 384:386 radiation-induced intestinal EMT 355:386 radiation-induced intestinal EMT 355:386 The aim of this study was to examine the effect of soluble dietary fiber on radiation-induced intestinal EMT and fibrosis in a mouse model. 27660288 4 70 theme transgenic 534:543 arg1 mice 545:548 wild-type and pVillin-Cre-EGFP transgenic mice 503:548 wild-type and pVillin-Cre-EGFP transgenic mice 503:548 MATERIALS AND METHODS Apple pectin (4% wt/wt in drinking water) was administered to wild-type and pVillin-Cre-EGFP transgenic mice with intestinal fibrosis induced by a single dose of abdominal irradiation of 10 Gy. 27660288 5 71 theme acid 727:730 arg1 concentration 739:751 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration 709:751 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration 709:751 The effects of pectin on intestinal EMT and fibrosis, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration were evaluated. 27660288 0 72 theme Dietary 8:14 arg1 Fiber 16:20 Soluble Dietary Fiber 0:20 Soluble Dietary Fiber 0:20 Soluble Dietary Fiber Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Intestinal Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Fibrosis. 27660288 1 73 theme Intestinal 125:134 arg1 fibrosis 136:143 BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis 114:143 BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis 114:143 BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is a late complication of pelvic radiotherapy. 27660288 1 73 theme Intestinal 125:134 arg1 complication 155:166 a late complication 148:166 a late complication of pelvic radiotherapy 148:189 BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is a late complication of pelvic radiotherapy. 27660288 7 74 theme EGFP+/α-smooth 961:974 arg1 SMA 990:992 SMA 990:992 SMA 990:992 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ and EGFP+/α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ coexpressing cells were most clearly observed at 2 weeks after irradiation and gradually decreased at 4 and 12 weeks. 27660288 7 74 theme EGFP+/α-smooth 961:974 arg1 actin 983:987 EGFP+/α-smooth muscle actin 961:987 EGFP+/α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) 961:993 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ and EGFP+/α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ coexpressing cells were most clearly observed at 2 weeks after irradiation and gradually decreased at 4 and 12 weeks. 27660288 3 75 theme mouse 406:410 arg1 model 412:416 a mouse model 404:416 a mouse model 404:416 The aim of this study was to examine the effect of soluble dietary fiber on radiation-induced intestinal EMT and fibrosis in a mouse model. 27660288 4 76 theme single 588:593 arg1 dose 595:598 a single dose 586:598 a single dose of abdominal irradiation of 10 Gy 586:632 MATERIALS AND METHODS Apple pectin (4% wt/wt in drinking water) was administered to wild-type and pVillin-Cre-EGFP transgenic mice with intestinal fibrosis induced by a single dose of abdominal irradiation of 10 Gy. 27660288 0 77 theme Intestinal 52:61 arg1 Transition 89:98 Radiation-Induced Intestinal Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition 34:98 Radiation-Induced Intestinal Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition 34:98 Soluble Dietary Fiber Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Intestinal Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Fibrosis. 27660288 5 78 from effects 639:645 arg1 fibrosis 679:686 fibrosis 679:686 fibrosis 679:686 The effects of pectin on intestinal EMT and fibrosis, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration were evaluated. 27660288 5 78 from effects 639:645 arg1 microbiota 693:702 gut microbiota 689:702 gut microbiota 689:702 The effects of pectin on intestinal EMT and fibrosis, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration were evaluated. 27660288 5 78 from effects 639:645 arg1 EMT 671:673 intestinal EMT 660:673 intestinal EMT 660:673 The effects of pectin on intestinal EMT and fibrosis, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration were evaluated. 27660288 5 78 from effects 639:645 arg1 concentration 739:751 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration 709:751 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration 709:751 The effects of pectin on intestinal EMT and fibrosis, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration were evaluated. 27660288 6 79 theme subepithelial 869:881 arg1 deposition 892:901 subepithelial collagen deposition 869:901 subepithelial collagen deposition 869:901 RESULTS Intestinal fibrosis in late radiation enteropathy showed increased submucosal thickness and subepithelial collagen deposition. 27660288 4 80 from wt/wt 458:462 arg1 water 476:480 drinking water 467:480 drinking water 467:480 MATERIALS AND METHODS Apple pectin (4% wt/wt in drinking water) was administered to wild-type and pVillin-Cre-EGFP transgenic mice with intestinal fibrosis induced by a single dose of abdominal irradiation of 10 Gy. 27660288 2 81 theme important 244:252 arg1 role 254:257 an important role 241:257 an important role 241:257 Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in tissue fibrosis. 27660288 6 82 theme increased 834:842 arg1 thickness 855:863 increased submucosal thickness 834:863 increased submucosal thickness 834:863 RESULTS Intestinal fibrosis in late radiation enteropathy showed increased submucosal thickness and subepithelial collagen deposition. 27660288 10 83 theme soluble 1511:1517 arg1 pectin 1533:1538 The soluble dietary fiber pectin 1507:1538 The soluble dietary fiber pectin 1507:1538 CONCLUSION The soluble dietary fiber pectin protected the terminal ileum against radiation-induced fibrosis. 27660288 7 84 theme fluorescent 919:929 arg1 EGFP 940:943 EGFP 940:943 EGFP 940:943 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ and EGFP+/α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ coexpressing cells were most clearly observed at 2 weeks after irradiation and gradually decreased at 4 and 12 weeks. 27660288 7 84 theme fluorescent 919:929 arg1 protein 931:937 green fluorescent protein 913:937 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ 904:955 Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ and EGFP+/α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ coexpressing cells were most clearly observed at 2 weeks after irradiation and gradually decreased at 4 and 12 weeks. 27660288 4 85 dep pectin 447:452 arg1 wt/wt 458:462 4% wt/wt 455:462 4% wt/wt 455:462 MATERIALS AND METHODS Apple pectin (4% wt/wt in drinking water) was administered to wild-type and pVillin-Cre-EGFP transgenic mice with intestinal fibrosis induced by a single dose of abdominal irradiation of 10 Gy. 27381197 8 0 theme genus 930:934 arg1 Geodermatophilus 936:951 the genus Geodermatophilus 926:951 the genus Geodermatophilus 926:951 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain fell into the genus Geodermatophilus, showing the highest similarity with Geodermatophilus poikilotrophus DSM 44209T (99.1 %). 27381197 9 1 theme phenotypic 1107:1116 arg1 results 1065:1071 DNA-DNA hybridization results 1043:1071 DNA-DNA hybridization results 1043:1071 DNA-DNA hybridization results, phylogenetic distinctiveness and phenotypic properties supported the classification of this strain as a representative of a novel species of the genus Geodermatophilus, for which the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp. 27381197 9 1 theme phenotypic 1107:1116 arg1 properties 1118:1127 phenotypic properties 1107:1127 phenotypic properties 1107:1127 DNA-DNA hybridization results, phylogenetic distinctiveness and phenotypic properties supported the classification of this strain as a representative of a novel species of the genus Geodermatophilus, for which the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp. 27381197 9 2 theme genus 1219:1223 arg1 Geodermatophilus 1225:1240 the genus Geodermatophilus 1215:1240 the genus Geodermatophilus 1215:1240 DNA-DNA hybridization results, phylogenetic distinctiveness and phenotypic properties supported the classification of this strain as a representative of a novel species of the genus Geodermatophilus, for which the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp. 27381197 9 3 theme pulveris 1279:1286 arg1 sp 1288:1289 the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp 1253:1289 the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp 1253:1289 DNA-DNA hybridization results, phylogenetic distinctiveness and phenotypic properties supported the classification of this strain as a representative of a novel species of the genus Geodermatophilus, for which the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp. 27381197 9 4 theme DNA-DNA 1043:1049 arg1 hybridization 1051:1063 DNA-DNA hybridization 1043:1063 DNA-DNA hybridization results 1043:1071 DNA-DNA hybridization results, phylogenetic distinctiveness and phenotypic properties supported the classification of this strain as a representative of a novel species of the genus Geodermatophilus, for which the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp. 27381197 2 5 theme black-pigmented 115:129 arg1 actinobacterium 140:154 A black-pigmented, aerobic actinobacterium 113:154 A black-pigmented, aerobic actinobacterium 113:154 A black-pigmented, aerobic actinobacterium, tolerant to ionizing radiation, designated BMG 825T, was isolated from desert limestone dust in Tunisia. 27381197 5 6 theme mannose 559:565 arg1 ribose 548:553 ribose 548:553 ribose 548:553 Sugars of whole-cell hydrolysates were galactose, glucose, and trace amounts of ribose and mannose. 27381197 5 6 theme mannose 559:565 arg1 glucose 518:524 glucose 518:524 glucose 518:524 Sugars of whole-cell hydrolysates were galactose, glucose, and trace amounts of ribose and mannose. 27381197 5 6 theme mannose 559:565 arg1 galactose 507:515 galactose 507:515 galactose 507:515 Sugars of whole-cell hydrolysates were galactose, glucose, and trace amounts of ribose and mannose. 27381197 5 6 theme mannose 559:565 arg1 amounts 537:543 trace amounts 531:543 trace amounts of ribose and mannose 531:565 Sugars of whole-cell hydrolysates were galactose, glucose, and trace amounts of ribose and mannose. 27381197 5 6 theme mannose 559:565 arg1 mannose 559:565 mannose 559:565 mannose 559:565 Sugars of whole-cell hydrolysates were galactose, glucose, and trace amounts of ribose and mannose. 27381197 6 7 theme predominant 572:582 arg1 MK-9 600:603 MK-9 600:603 MK-9 600:603 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4), and the major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c. 27381197 6 7 theme predominant 572:582 arg1 menaquinone 584:594 The predominant menaquinone 568:594 The predominant menaquinone 568:594 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4), and the major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c. 27381197 3 8 dep range 301:305 arg1 °C 313:314 °C 313:314 the temperature range 10-40 °C 285:314 The strain grew within the temperature range 10-40 °C, at pH 5.5-11.0 and in the presence of 2 % NaCl. 27381197 2 9 theme ionizing 169:176 arg1 radiation 178:186 ionizing radiation 169:186 ionizing radiation 169:186 A black-pigmented, aerobic actinobacterium, tolerant to ionizing radiation, designated BMG 825T, was isolated from desert limestone dust in Tunisia. 27381197 4 10 theme G+C 373:375 arg1 content 377:383 The DNA G+C content 365:383 The DNA G+C content 365:383 The DNA G+C content was 75.7 mol%, and its cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27381197 4 10 theme G+C 373:375 arg1 % 397:397 75.7 mol% 389:397 75.7 mol% 389:397 The DNA G+C content was 75.7 mol%, and its cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27381197 7 11 theme unspecified 835:845 arg1 glycolipid 847:856 an unspecified glycolipid 832:856 an unspecified glycolipid 832:856 The polar lipid profile comprised phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine and an unspecified glycolipid. 27381197 4 12 theme cell-wall 408:416 arg1 peptidoglycan 418:430 its cell-wall peptidoglycan 404:430 its cell-wall peptidoglycan 404:430 The DNA G+C content was 75.7 mol%, and its cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27381197 11 13 theme type 1314:1317 arg1 825T 1333:1336 BMG 825T 1329:1336 BMG 825T (=CECT 9003T=DSM 46839‏T) 1329:1362 The type strain is BMG 825T (=CECT 9003T=DSM 46839‏T). 27381197 11 13 theme type 1314:1317 arg1 strain 1319:1324 The type strain 1310:1324 The type strain 1310:1324 The type strain is BMG 825T (=CECT 9003T=DSM 46839‏T). 27381197 4 14 theme DNA 369:371 arg1 content 377:383 The DNA G+C content 365:383 The DNA G+C content 365:383 The DNA G+C content was 75.7 mol%, and its cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27381197 4 14 theme DNA 369:371 arg1 % 397:397 75.7 mol% 389:397 75.7 mol% 389:397 The DNA G+C content was 75.7 mol%, and its cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27381197 2 15 theme tolerant 157:164 arg1 actinobacterium 140:154 A black-pigmented, aerobic actinobacterium 113:154 A black-pigmented, aerobic actinobacterium 113:154 A black-pigmented, aerobic actinobacterium, tolerant to ionizing radiation, designated BMG 825T, was isolated from desert limestone dust in Tunisia. 27381197 5 16 theme trace 531:535 arg1 mannose 559:565 mannose 559:565 mannose 559:565 Sugars of whole-cell hydrolysates were galactose, glucose, and trace amounts of ribose and mannose. 27381197 5 16 theme trace 531:535 arg1 ribose 548:553 ribose 548:553 ribose 548:553 Sugars of whole-cell hydrolysates were galactose, glucose, and trace amounts of ribose and mannose. 27381197 5 16 theme trace 531:535 arg1 amounts 537:543 trace amounts 531:543 trace amounts of ribose and mannose 531:565 Sugars of whole-cell hydrolysates were galactose, glucose, and trace amounts of ribose and mannose. 27381197 3 17 theme NaCl 359:362 arg1 presence 343:350 the presence 339:350 the presence of 2 % NaCl 339:362 The strain grew within the temperature range 10-40 °C, at pH 5.5-11.0 and in the presence of 2 % NaCl. 27381197 2 18 from dust 245:248 arg1 Tunisia 253:259 Tunisia 253:259 Tunisia 253:259 A black-pigmented, aerobic actinobacterium, tolerant to ionizing radiation, designated BMG 825T, was isolated from desert limestone dust in Tunisia. 27381197 2 19 attach isolated 214:221 arg1 dust 245:248 desert limestone dust 228:248 desert limestone dust in Tunisia 228:259 A black-pigmented, aerobic actinobacterium, tolerant to ionizing radiation, designated BMG 825T, was isolated from desert limestone dust in Tunisia. 27381197 2 19 attach isolated 214:221 arg2 actinobacterium 140:154 A black-pigmented, aerobic actinobacterium 113:154 A black-pigmented, aerobic actinobacterium 113:154 A black-pigmented, aerobic actinobacterium, tolerant to ionizing radiation, designated BMG 825T, was isolated from desert limestone dust in Tunisia. 27381197 0 20 theme pulveris 17:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Geodermatophilus pulveris sp 0:27 Geodermatophilus pulveris sp. 0:28 Geodermatophilus pulveris sp. 27381197 8 21 theme gene 868:871 arg1 analysis 882:889 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 859:889 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 859:889 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain fell into the genus Geodermatophilus, showing the highest similarity with Geodermatophilus poikilotrophus DSM 44209T (99.1 %). 27381197 1 22 theme Sahara 98:103 arg1 desert 105:110 the Sahara desert 94:110 the Sahara desert 94:110 nov., a gamma-radiation-resistant actinobacterium isolated from the Sahara desert. 27381197 8 23 theme rRNA 863:866 arg1 analysis 882:889 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 859:889 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 859:889 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain fell into the genus Geodermatophilus, showing the highest similarity with Geodermatophilus poikilotrophus DSM 44209T (99.1 %). 27381197 0 24 theme Geodermatophilus 0:15 arg1 sp 26:27 Geodermatophilus pulveris sp 0:27 Geodermatophilus pulveris sp. 0:28 Geodermatophilus pulveris sp. 27381197 9 25 theme phylogenetic 1074:1085 arg1 results 1065:1071 DNA-DNA hybridization results 1043:1071 DNA-DNA hybridization results 1043:1071 DNA-DNA hybridization results, phylogenetic distinctiveness and phenotypic properties supported the classification of this strain as a representative of a novel species of the genus Geodermatophilus, for which the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp. 27381197 9 25 theme phylogenetic 1074:1085 arg1 distinctiveness 1087:1101 phylogenetic distinctiveness 1074:1101 phylogenetic distinctiveness 1074:1101 DNA-DNA hybridization results, phylogenetic distinctiveness and phenotypic properties supported the classification of this strain as a representative of a novel species of the genus Geodermatophilus, for which the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp. 27381197 8 26 theme DSM 1022:1024 arg1 44209T 1026:1031 Geodermatophilus poikilotrophus DSM 44209T 990:1031 Geodermatophilus poikilotrophus DSM 44209T (99.1 %) 990:1040 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain fell into the genus Geodermatophilus, showing the highest similarity with Geodermatophilus poikilotrophus DSM 44209T (99.1 %). 27381197 8 26 theme DSM 1022:1024 arg1 % 1039:1039 99.1 % 1034:1039 99.1 % 1034:1039 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain fell into the genus Geodermatophilus, showing the highest similarity with Geodermatophilus poikilotrophus DSM 44209T (99.1 %). 27381197 6 27 theme fatty 624:628 arg1 iso-C16  641:648 iso-C16  641:648 iso-C16  641:648 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4), and the major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c. 27381197 6 27 theme fatty 624:628 arg1 acids 630:634 the major fatty acids 614:634 the major fatty acids 614:634 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4), and the major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c. 27381197 9 28 theme strain 1166:1171 arg1 classification 1143:1156 the classification 1139:1156 the classification of this strain as a representative of a novel species of the genus Geodermatophilus, for which the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp 1139:1289 DNA-DNA hybridization results, phylogenetic distinctiveness and phenotypic properties supported the classification of this strain as a representative of a novel species of the genus Geodermatophilus, for which the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp. 27381197 5 29 theme ribose 548:553 arg1 ribose 548:553 ribose 548:553 ribose 548:553 Sugars of whole-cell hydrolysates were galactose, glucose, and trace amounts of ribose and mannose. 27381197 5 29 theme ribose 548:553 arg1 glucose 518:524 glucose 518:524 glucose 518:524 Sugars of whole-cell hydrolysates were galactose, glucose, and trace amounts of ribose and mannose. 27381197 5 29 theme ribose 548:553 arg1 galactose 507:515 galactose 507:515 galactose 507:515 Sugars of whole-cell hydrolysates were galactose, glucose, and trace amounts of ribose and mannose. 27381197 5 29 theme ribose 548:553 arg1 amounts 537:543 trace amounts 531:543 trace amounts of ribose and mannose 531:565 Sugars of whole-cell hydrolysates were galactose, glucose, and trace amounts of ribose and mannose. 27381197 5 29 theme ribose 548:553 arg1 mannose 559:565 mannose 559:565 mannose 559:565 Sugars of whole-cell hydrolysates were galactose, glucose, and trace amounts of ribose and mannose. 27381197 6 30 theme major 618:622 arg1 iso-C16  641:648 iso-C16  641:648 iso-C16  641:648 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4), and the major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c. 27381197 6 30 theme major 618:622 arg1 acids 630:634 the major fatty acids 614:634 the major fatty acids 614:634 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4), and the major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c. 27381197 3 31 theme 2  355:356 arg1 % 357:357 % 357:357 % 357:357 The strain grew within the temperature range 10-40 °C, at pH 5.5-11.0 and in the presence of 2 % NaCl. 27381197 2 32 theme BMG 200:202 arg1 825T 204:207 BMG 825T 200:207 BMG 825T 200:207 A black-pigmented, aerobic actinobacterium, tolerant to ionizing radiation, designated BMG 825T, was isolated from desert limestone dust in Tunisia. 27381197 8 33 dep Geodermatophilus 990:1005 arg1 poikilotrophus 1007:1020 poikilotrophus 1007:1020 poikilotrophus 1007:1020 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain fell into the genus Geodermatophilus, showing the highest similarity with Geodermatophilus poikilotrophus DSM 44209T (99.1 %). 27381197 2 34 theme limestone 235:243 arg1 dust 245:248 desert limestone dust 228:248 desert limestone dust in Tunisia 228:259 A black-pigmented, aerobic actinobacterium, tolerant to ionizing radiation, designated BMG 825T, was isolated from desert limestone dust in Tunisia. 27381197 11 35 theme BMG 1329:1331 arg1 825T 1333:1336 BMG 825T 1329:1336 BMG 825T (=CECT 9003T=DSM 46839‏T) 1329:1362 The type strain is BMG 825T (=CECT 9003T=DSM 46839‏T). 27381197 11 35 theme BMG 1329:1331 arg1 46839‏T 1355:1361 =CECT 9003T=DSM 46839‏T 1339:1361 =CECT 9003T=DSM 46839‏T 1339:1361 The type strain is BMG 825T (=CECT 9003T=DSM 46839‏T). 27381197 11 35 theme BMG 1329:1331 arg1 strain 1319:1324 The type strain 1310:1324 The type strain 1310:1324 The type strain is BMG 825T (=CECT 9003T=DSM 46839‏T). 27381197 2 36 dep black-pigmented 115:129 arg1 aerobic 132:138 aerobic 132:138 aerobic 132:138 A black-pigmented, aerobic actinobacterium, tolerant to ionizing radiation, designated BMG 825T, was isolated from desert limestone dust in Tunisia. 27381197 9 37 theme novel 1198:1202 arg1 species 1204:1210 a novel species 1196:1210 a novel species 1196:1210 DNA-DNA hybridization results, phylogenetic distinctiveness and phenotypic properties supported the classification of this strain as a representative of a novel species of the genus Geodermatophilus, for which the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp. 27381197 2 38 theme desert 228:233 arg1 dust 245:248 desert limestone dust 228:248 desert limestone dust in Tunisia 228:259 A black-pigmented, aerobic actinobacterium, tolerant to ionizing radiation, designated BMG 825T, was isolated from desert limestone dust in Tunisia. 27381197 4 39 theme meso-diaminopimelic 442:460 arg1 acid 462:465 meso-diaminopimelic acid 442:465 meso-diaminopimelic acid 442:465 The DNA G+C content was 75.7 mol%, and its cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27381197 4 40 contain contained 432:440 arg1 peptidoglycan 418:430 its cell-wall peptidoglycan 404:430 its cell-wall peptidoglycan 404:430 The DNA G+C content was 75.7 mol%, and its cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27381197 4 40 contain contained 432:440 arg2 acid 462:465 meso-diaminopimelic acid 442:465 meso-diaminopimelic acid 442:465 The DNA G+C content was 75.7 mol%, and its cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27381197 11 41 theme 9003T=DSM 1345:1353 arg1 825T 1333:1336 BMG 825T 1329:1336 BMG 825T (=CECT 9003T=DSM 46839‏T) 1329:1362 The type strain is BMG 825T (=CECT 9003T=DSM 46839‏T). 27381197 11 41 theme 9003T=DSM 1345:1353 arg1 46839‏T 1355:1361 =CECT 9003T=DSM 46839‏T 1339:1361 =CECT 9003T=DSM 46839‏T 1339:1361 The type strain is BMG 825T (=CECT 9003T=DSM 46839‏T). 27381197 7 42 theme lipid 679:683 arg1 profile 685:691 The polar lipid profile 669:691 The polar lipid profile 669:691 The polar lipid profile comprised phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine and an unspecified glycolipid. 27381197 9 43 theme name 1257:1260 arg1 sp 1288:1289 the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp 1253:1289 the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp 1253:1289 DNA-DNA hybridization results, phylogenetic distinctiveness and phenotypic properties supported the classification of this strain as a representative of a novel species of the genus Geodermatophilus, for which the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp. 27381197 9 44 theme Geodermatophilus 1262:1277 arg1 sp 1288:1289 the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp 1253:1289 the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp 1253:1289 DNA-DNA hybridization results, phylogenetic distinctiveness and phenotypic properties supported the classification of this strain as a representative of a novel species of the genus Geodermatophilus, for which the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp. 27381197 6 45 dep MK-9 600:603 arg1 C16  657:660 C16  657:660 C16  657:660 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4), and the major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c. 27381197 6 45 dep MK-9 600:603 arg1  0 650:651  0 650:651  0 650:651 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4), and the major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c. 27381197 6 45 dep MK-9 600:603 arg1  1ω7c 662:666  1ω7c 662:666  1ω7c 662:666 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4), and the major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c. 27381197 9 46 theme Geodermatophilus 1225:1240 arg1 species 1204:1210 a novel species 1196:1210 a novel species 1196:1210 DNA-DNA hybridization results, phylogenetic distinctiveness and phenotypic properties supported the classification of this strain as a representative of a novel species of the genus Geodermatophilus, for which the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp. 27381197 3 47 theme temperature 289:299 arg1 range 301:305 the temperature range 10-40 °C 285:314 the temperature range 10-40 °C 285:314 The strain grew within the temperature range 10-40 °C, at pH 5.5-11.0 and in the presence of 2 % NaCl. 27381197 8 48 theme Geodermatophilus 990:1005 arg1 44209T 1026:1031 Geodermatophilus poikilotrophus DSM 44209T 990:1031 Geodermatophilus poikilotrophus DSM 44209T (99.1 %) 990:1040 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain fell into the genus Geodermatophilus, showing the highest similarity with Geodermatophilus poikilotrophus DSM 44209T (99.1 %). 27381197 8 48 theme Geodermatophilus 990:1005 arg1 % 1039:1039 99.1 % 1034:1039 99.1 % 1034:1039 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain fell into the genus Geodermatophilus, showing the highest similarity with Geodermatophilus poikilotrophus DSM 44209T (99.1 %). 27381197 8 49 theme highest 966:972 arg1 similarity 974:983 the highest similarity 962:983 the highest similarity with Geodermatophilus poikilotrophus DSM 44209T (99.1 %) 962:1040 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain fell into the genus Geodermatophilus, showing the highest similarity with Geodermatophilus poikilotrophus DSM 44209T (99.1 %). 27381197 4 50 theme mol 394:396 arg1 content 377:383 The DNA G+C content 365:383 The DNA G+C content 365:383 The DNA G+C content was 75.7 mol%, and its cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27381197 4 50 theme mol 394:396 arg1 % 397:397 75.7 mol% 389:397 75.7 mol% 389:397 The DNA G+C content was 75.7 mol%, and its cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27381197 5 51 theme whole-cell 478:487 arg1 hydrolysates 489:500 whole-cell hydrolysates 478:500 whole-cell hydrolysates 478:500 Sugars of whole-cell hydrolysates were galactose, glucose, and trace amounts of ribose and mannose. 27381197 8 52 theme sequence 873:880 arg1 analysis 882:889 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 859:889 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 859:889 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain fell into the genus Geodermatophilus, showing the highest similarity with Geodermatophilus poikilotrophus DSM 44209T (99.1 %). 27381197 9 53 theme species 1204:1210 arg1 representative 1178:1191 a representative 1176:1191 a representative of a novel species of the genus Geodermatophilus, for which the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp 1176:1289 DNA-DNA hybridization results, phylogenetic distinctiveness and phenotypic properties supported the classification of this strain as a representative of a novel species of the genus Geodermatophilus, for which the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp. 27381197 7 54 theme polar 673:677 arg1 profile 685:691 The polar lipid profile 669:691 The polar lipid profile 669:691 The polar lipid profile comprised phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine and an unspecified glycolipid. 27381197 8 55 with similarity 974:983 arg1 44209T 1026:1031 Geodermatophilus poikilotrophus DSM 44209T 990:1031 Geodermatophilus poikilotrophus DSM 44209T (99.1 %) 990:1040 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain fell into the genus Geodermatophilus, showing the highest similarity with Geodermatophilus poikilotrophus DSM 44209T (99.1 %). 27381197 8 55 with similarity 974:983 arg1 % 1039:1039 99.1 % 1034:1039 99.1 % 1034:1039 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain fell into the genus Geodermatophilus, showing the highest similarity with Geodermatophilus poikilotrophus DSM 44209T (99.1 %). 27381197 9 56 theme hybridization 1051:1063 arg1 results 1065:1071 DNA-DNA hybridization results 1043:1071 DNA-DNA hybridization results 1043:1071 DNA-DNA hybridization results, phylogenetic distinctiveness and phenotypic properties supported the classification of this strain as a representative of a novel species of the genus Geodermatophilus, for which the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp. 27381197 9 56 theme hybridization 1051:1063 arg1 distinctiveness 1087:1101 phylogenetic distinctiveness 1074:1101 phylogenetic distinctiveness 1074:1101 DNA-DNA hybridization results, phylogenetic distinctiveness and phenotypic properties supported the classification of this strain as a representative of a novel species of the genus Geodermatophilus, for which the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp. 27381197 9 56 theme hybridization 1051:1063 arg1 properties 1118:1127 phenotypic properties 1107:1127 phenotypic properties 1107:1127 DNA-DNA hybridization results, phylogenetic distinctiveness and phenotypic properties supported the classification of this strain as a representative of a novel species of the genus Geodermatophilus, for which the name Geodermatophilus pulveris sp. 27381197 5 57 theme hydrolysates 489:500 arg1 Sugars 468:473 Sugars 468:473 Sugars of whole-cell hydrolysates 468:500 Sugars of whole-cell hydrolysates were galactose, glucose, and trace amounts of ribose and mannose. 27381197 8 58 theme 16S 859:861 arg1 rRNA 863:866 16S rRNA 859:866 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 859:889 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain fell into the genus Geodermatophilus, showing the highest similarity with Geodermatophilus poikilotrophus DSM 44209T (99.1 %). 27381197 11 59 theme =CECT 1339:1343 arg1 825T 1333:1336 BMG 825T 1329:1336 BMG 825T (=CECT 9003T=DSM 46839‏T) 1329:1362 The type strain is BMG 825T (=CECT 9003T=DSM 46839‏T). 27381197 11 59 theme =CECT 1339:1343 arg1 46839‏T 1355:1361 =CECT 9003T=DSM 46839‏T 1339:1361 =CECT 9003T=DSM 46839‏T 1339:1361 The type strain is BMG 825T (=CECT 9003T=DSM 46839‏T). 27381197 1 60 theme gamma-radiation-resistant 38:62 arg1 actinobacterium 64:78 a gamma-radiation-resistant actinobacterium 36:78 a gamma-radiation-resistant actinobacterium 36:78 nov., a gamma-radiation-resistant actinobacterium isolated from the Sahara desert. 27381197 1 60 theme gamma-radiation-resistant 38:62 arg1 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov., a gamma-radiation-resistant actinobacterium isolated from the Sahara desert. 27381197 3 61 theme % 357:357 arg1 NaCl 359:362 2 % NaCl 355:362 2 % NaCl 355:362 The strain grew within the temperature range 10-40 °C, at pH 5.5-11.0 and in the presence of 2 % NaCl. 26813967 11 0 theme Nakamurella 1353:1363 arg1 species 1332:1338 a novel species 1324:1338 a novel species 1324:1338 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain 2Q3S-4-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella endophytica sp. 26813967 11 1 theme phenotypic 1256:1265 arg1 analysis 1286:1293 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis 1238:1293 analysis 1286:1293 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain 2Q3S-4-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella endophytica sp. 26813967 6 2 theme rRNA 649:652 arg1 sequences 659:667 16S rRNA gene sequences 645:667 16S rRNA gene sequences 645:667 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, suggested that strain 2Q3S-4-2T belonged to the genus Nakamurella, sharing highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.76 %). 26813967 7 3 theme 2Q3S-4-2T 860:868 arg1 content 842:848 The DNA G+C content 830:848 The DNA G+C content of strain 2Q3S-4-2T 830:868 The DNA G+C content of strain 2Q3S-4-2T was 67.8 mol%. 26813967 7 3 theme 2Q3S-4-2T 860:868 arg1 % 882:882 67.8 mol% 874:882 67.8 mol% 874:882 The DNA G+C content of strain 2Q3S-4-2T was 67.8 mol%. 26813967 11 4 dep analysis 1286:1293 arg1 basis 1229:1233 basis 1229:1233 basis 1229:1233 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain 2Q3S-4-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella endophytica sp. 26813967 11 4 dep analysis 1286:1293 arg1 the 1225:1227 the 1225:1227 the 1225:1227 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain 2Q3S-4-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella endophytica sp. 26813967 6 5 theme Phylogenetic 613:624 arg1 analysis 626:633 Phylogenetic analysis 613:633 Phylogenetic analysis 613:633 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, suggested that strain 2Q3S-4-2T belonged to the genus Nakamurella, sharing highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.76 %). 26813967 11 6 theme Nakamurella 1385:1395 arg1 sp 1409:1410 the name Nakamurella endophytica sp 1376:1410 the name Nakamurella endophytica sp 1376:1410 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain 2Q3S-4-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella endophytica sp. 26813967 8 7 theme meso-diaminopimelic 923:941 arg1 acid 943:946 meso-diaminopimelic acid 923:946 meso-diaminopimelic acid 923:946 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. 26813967 6 8 theme Nakamurella 792:802 arg1 % 826:826 96.76 % 820:826 96.76 % 820:826 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, suggested that strain 2Q3S-4-2T belonged to the genus Nakamurella, sharing highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.76 %). 26813967 6 8 theme Nakamurella 792:802 arg1 DS-52T 812:817 Nakamurella flavida DS-52T 792:817 Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.76 %) 792:827 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, suggested that strain 2Q3S-4-2T belonged to the genus Nakamurella, sharing highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.76 %). 26813967 1 9 theme endophytic 42:51 arg1 actinobacterium 53:67 a novel endophytic actinobacterium 34:67 a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the bark of Kandelia candel 34:109 nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the bark of Kandelia candel. 26813967 2 10 from Zones 321:325 arg1 China 340:344 Macao, PR China 330:344 China 340:344 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 2Q3S-4-2T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized bark of Kandelia candel, collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, PR China. 26813967 11 11 theme endophytica 1397:1407 arg1 sp 1409:1410 the name Nakamurella endophytica sp 1376:1410 the name Nakamurella endophytica sp 1376:1410 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain 2Q3S-4-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella endophytica sp. 26813967 10 12 theme major 1140:1144 arg1  0 1172:1173  0 1172:1173  0 1172:1173 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26813967 10 12 theme major 1140:1144 arg1 iso-C16  1163:1170 iso-C16  1163:1170 iso-C16  1163:1170 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26813967 10 12 theme major 1140:1144 arg1 acids 1152:1156 The major fatty acids 1136:1156 The major fatty acids 1136:1156 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26813967 2 13 theme Macao 330:334 arg1 China 340:344 Macao, PR China 330:344 China 340:344 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 2Q3S-4-2T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized bark of Kandelia candel, collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, PR China. 26813967 9 14 theme unidentified 1078:1089 arg1 aminophospholipids 1091:1108 unidentified aminophospholipids 1078:1108 unidentified aminophospholipids 1078:1108 The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminophospholipids and phosphatidylinositol. 26813967 7 15 theme DNA 834:836 arg1 content 842:848 The DNA G+C content 830:848 The DNA G+C content of strain 2Q3S-4-2T 830:868 The DNA G+C content of strain 2Q3S-4-2T was 67.8 mol%. 26813967 7 15 theme DNA 834:836 arg1 % 882:882 67.8 mol% 874:882 67.8 mol% 874:882 The DNA G+C content of strain 2Q3S-4-2T was 67.8 mol%. 26813967 2 16 attach isolated 227:234 arg1 bark 264:267 the surface-sterilized bark 241:267 the surface-sterilized bark 241:267 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 2Q3S-4-2T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized bark of Kandelia candel, collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, PR China. 26813967 2 16 attach isolated 227:234 arg2 actinobacterium 177:191 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 112:191 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 112:191 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 2Q3S-4-2T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized bark of Kandelia candel, collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, PR China. 26813967 7 17 theme G+C 838:840 arg1 content 842:848 The DNA G+C content 830:848 The DNA G+C content of strain 2Q3S-4-2T 830:868 The DNA G+C content of strain 2Q3S-4-2T was 67.8 mol%. 26813967 7 17 theme G+C 838:840 arg1 % 882:882 67.8 mol% 874:882 67.8 mol% 874:882 The DNA G+C content of strain 2Q3S-4-2T was 67.8 mol%. 26813967 13 18 theme  = DSM 1461:1466 arg1 2Q3S-4-2T 1450:1458 2Q3S-4-2T 1450:1458 2Q3S-4-2T ( = DSM 100722T = CGMCC 4.7308T) 1450:1491 The type strain is 2Q3S-4-2T ( = DSM 100722T = CGMCC 4.7308T). 26813967 13 18 theme  = DSM 1461:1466 arg1 4.7308T 1484:1490  = DSM 100722T = CGMCC 4.7308T 1461:1490  = DSM 100722T = CGMCC 4.7308T 1461:1490 The type strain is 2Q3S-4-2T ( = DSM 100722T = CGMCC 4.7308T). 26813967 11 19 theme name 1380:1383 arg1 sp 1409:1410 the name Nakamurella endophytica sp 1376:1410 the name Nakamurella endophytica sp 1376:1410 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain 2Q3S-4-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella endophytica sp. 26813967 10 20 dep iso-C16  1163:1170 arg1  0 1172:1173  0 1172:1173  0 1172:1173 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26813967 10 20 dep iso-C16  1163:1170 arg1 iso-C16  1163:1170 iso-C16  1163:1170 iso-C16  1163:1170 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26813967 10 20 dep iso-C16  1163:1170 arg1 acids 1152:1156 The major fatty acids 1136:1156 The major fatty acids 1136:1156 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26813967 11 21 theme strain 1296:1301 arg1 2Q3S-4-2T 1303:1311 strain 2Q3S-4-2T 1296:1311 strain 2Q3S-4-2T 1296:1311 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain 2Q3S-4-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella endophytica sp. 26813967 5 22 theme diffusible 558:567 arg1 pigments 569:576 no diffusible pigments 555:576 no diffusible pigments 555:576 Substrate mycelia and aerial mycelia were not formed and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 26813967 2 23 theme candel 281:286 arg1 bark 264:267 the surface-sterilized bark 241:267 the surface-sterilized bark 241:267 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 2Q3S-4-2T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized bark of Kandelia candel, collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, PR China. 26813967 5 24 theme Substrate 498:506 arg1 mycelia 508:514 Substrate mycelia 498:514 Substrate mycelia 498:514 Substrate mycelia and aerial mycelia were not formed and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 26813967 13 25 theme 100722T = CGMCC 1468:1482 arg1 2Q3S-4-2T 1450:1458 2Q3S-4-2T 1450:1458 2Q3S-4-2T ( = DSM 100722T = CGMCC 4.7308T) 1450:1491 The type strain is 2Q3S-4-2T ( = DSM 100722T = CGMCC 4.7308T). 26813967 13 25 theme 100722T = CGMCC 1468:1482 arg1 4.7308T 1484:1490  = DSM 100722T = CGMCC 4.7308T 1461:1490  = DSM 100722T = CGMCC 4.7308T 1461:1490 The type strain is 2Q3S-4-2T ( = DSM 100722T = CGMCC 4.7308T). 26813967 0 26 theme endophytica 12:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Nakamurella endophytica sp 0:25 Nakamurella endophytica sp. 0:26 Nakamurella endophytica sp. 26813967 10 27 theme fatty 1146:1150 arg1  0 1172:1173  0 1172:1173  0 1172:1173 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26813967 10 27 theme fatty 1146:1150 arg1 iso-C16  1163:1170 iso-C16  1163:1170 iso-C16  1163:1170 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26813967 10 27 theme fatty 1146:1150 arg1 acids 1152:1156 The major fatty acids 1136:1156 The major fatty acids 1136:1156 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26813967 11 28 theme chemotaxonomic 1271:1284 arg1 analysis 1286:1293 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis 1238:1293 analysis 1286:1293 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain 2Q3S-4-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella endophytica sp. 26813967 6 29 theme sequence 767:774 arg1 similarity 776:785 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 745:785 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 745:785 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, suggested that strain 2Q3S-4-2T belonged to the genus Nakamurella, sharing highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.76 %). 26813967 0 30 theme Nakamurella 0:10 arg1 sp 24:25 Nakamurella endophytica sp 0:25 Nakamurella endophytica sp. 0:26 Nakamurella endophytica sp. 26813967 6 31 theme gene 762:765 arg1 similarity 776:785 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 745:785 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 745:785 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, suggested that strain 2Q3S-4-2T belonged to the genus Nakamurella, sharing highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.76 %). 26813967 6 32 theme rRNA 757:760 arg1 similarity 776:785 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 745:785 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 745:785 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, suggested that strain 2Q3S-4-2T belonged to the genus Nakamurella, sharing highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.76 %). 26813967 2 33 dep China 340:344 arg1 PR 337:338 Macao, PR China 330:344 PR 337:338 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 2Q3S-4-2T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized bark of Kandelia candel, collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, PR China. 26813967 6 34 theme genus 718:722 arg1 Nakamurella 724:734 the genus Nakamurella 714:734 the genus Nakamurella 714:734 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, suggested that strain 2Q3S-4-2T belonged to the genus Nakamurella, sharing highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.76 %). 26813967 9 35 theme predominant 998:1008 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1028:1049 diphosphatidylglycerol 1028:1049 diphosphatidylglycerol 1028:1049 The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminophospholipids and phosphatidylinositol. 26813967 9 35 theme predominant 998:1008 arg1 lipids 1016:1021 The predominant polar lipids 994:1021 The predominant polar lipids 994:1021 The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminophospholipids and phosphatidylinositol. 26813967 1 36 theme Kandelia 95:102 arg1 candel 104:109 Kandelia candel 95:109 Kandelia candel 95:109 nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the bark of Kandelia candel. 26813967 1 37 attach isolated 69:76 arg1 bark 87:90 the bark 83:90 the bark of Kandelia candel 83:109 nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the bark of Kandelia candel. 26813967 1 37 attach isolated 69:76 arg2 actinobacterium 53:67 a novel endophytic actinobacterium 34:67 a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the bark of Kandelia candel 34:109 nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the bark of Kandelia candel. 26813967 6 38 theme gene 654:657 arg1 sequences 659:667 16S rRNA gene sequences 645:667 16S rRNA gene sequences 645:667 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, suggested that strain 2Q3S-4-2T belonged to the genus Nakamurella, sharing highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.76 %). 26813967 3 39 theme taxonomic 406:414 arg1 position 416:423 its taxonomic position 402:423 its taxonomic position 402:423 It was tested using a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 26813967 7 40 theme 67.8 mol 874:881 arg1 content 842:848 The DNA G+C content 830:848 The DNA G+C content of strain 2Q3S-4-2T 830:868 The DNA G+C content of strain 2Q3S-4-2T was 67.8 mol%. 26813967 7 40 theme 67.8 mol 874:881 arg1 % 882:882 67.8 mol% 874:882 67.8 mol% 874:882 The DNA G+C content of strain 2Q3S-4-2T was 67.8 mol%. 26813967 6 41 theme 16S 753:755 arg1 similarity 776:785 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 745:785 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 745:785 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, suggested that strain 2Q3S-4-2T belonged to the genus Nakamurella, sharing highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.76 %). 26813967 5 42 located observed 583:590 arg1 media 599:603 the media 595:603 the media tested 595:610 Substrate mycelia and aerial mycelia were not formed and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 26813967 5 42 located observed 583:590 arg2 pigments 569:576 no diffusible pigments 555:576 no diffusible pigments 555:576 Substrate mycelia and aerial mycelia were not formed and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 26813967 13 43 theme type 1435:1438 arg1 2Q3S-4-2T 1450:1458 2Q3S-4-2T 1450:1458 2Q3S-4-2T ( = DSM 100722T = CGMCC 4.7308T) 1450:1491 The type strain is 2Q3S-4-2T ( = DSM 100722T = CGMCC 4.7308T). 26813967 13 43 theme type 1435:1438 arg1 strain 1440:1445 The type strain 1431:1445 The type strain 1431:1445 The type strain is 2Q3S-4-2T ( = DSM 100722T = CGMCC 4.7308T). 26813967 6 44 theme highest 745:751 arg1 similarity 776:785 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 745:785 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 745:785 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, suggested that strain 2Q3S-4-2T belonged to the genus Nakamurella, sharing highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.76 %). 26813967 1 45 theme candel 104:109 arg1 bark 87:90 the bark 83:90 the bark of Kandelia candel 83:109 nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the bark of Kandelia candel. 26813967 2 46 dep Gram-stain-positive 114:132 arg1 aerobic 135:141 aerobic 135:141 aerobic 135:141 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 2Q3S-4-2T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized bark of Kandelia candel, collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, PR China. 26813967 2 46 dep Gram-stain-positive 114:132 arg1 non-spore-forming 159:175 non-spore-forming 159:175 non-spore-forming 159:175 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 2Q3S-4-2T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized bark of Kandelia candel, collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, PR China. 26813967 2 46 dep Gram-stain-positive 114:132 arg1 coccus-shaped 144:156 coccus-shaped 144:156 coccus-shaped 144:156 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 2Q3S-4-2T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized bark of Kandelia candel, collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, PR China. 26813967 10 47 dep  0 1172:1173 arg1  0 1206:1207  0 1206:1207  0 1206:1207 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26813967 10 47 dep  0 1172:1173 arg1  0 1218:1219  0 1218:1219  0 1218:1219 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26813967 10 47 dep  0 1172:1173 arg1  0 1189:1190  0 1189:1190  0 1189:1190 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26813967 10 47 dep  0 1172:1173 arg1 C16  1213:1216 C16  1213:1216 C16  1213:1216 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26813967 11 48 theme novel 1326:1330 arg1 species 1332:1338 a novel species 1324:1338 a novel species 1324:1338 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain 2Q3S-4-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella endophytica sp. 26813967 11 49 theme phylogenetic 1242:1253 arg1 analysis 1286:1293 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis 1238:1293 analysis 1286:1293 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain 2Q3S-4-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella endophytica sp. 26813967 2 50 theme Cotai 304:308 arg1 Zones 321:325 Cotai Ecological Zones 304:325 Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, PR China 304:344 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 2Q3S-4-2T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized bark of Kandelia candel, collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, PR China. 26813967 1 51 theme novel 36:40 arg1 actinobacterium 53:67 a novel endophytic actinobacterium 34:67 a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the bark of Kandelia candel 34:109 nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the bark of Kandelia candel. 26813967 8 52 theme predominant 969:979 arg1 peptidoglycan 899:911 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 885:911 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and MK-8(H4) 885:959 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. 26813967 8 52 theme predominant 969:979 arg1 menaquinone 981:991 the predominant menaquinone 965:991 the predominant menaquinone 965:991 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. 26813967 2 53 theme Kandelia 272:279 arg1 candel 281:286 Kandelia candel 272:286 Kandelia candel 272:286 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 2Q3S-4-2T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized bark of Kandelia candel, collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, PR China. 26813967 6 54 theme flavida 804:810 arg1 % 826:826 96.76 % 820:826 96.76 % 820:826 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, suggested that strain 2Q3S-4-2T belonged to the genus Nakamurella, sharing highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.76 %). 26813967 6 54 theme flavida 804:810 arg1 DS-52T 812:817 Nakamurella flavida DS-52T 792:817 Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.76 %) 792:827 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, suggested that strain 2Q3S-4-2T belonged to the genus Nakamurella, sharing highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.76 %). 26813967 2 55 theme Ecological 310:319 arg1 Zones 321:325 Cotai Ecological Zones 304:325 Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, PR China 304:344 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 2Q3S-4-2T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized bark of Kandelia candel, collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, PR China. 26813967 2 56 theme strain 205:210 arg1 2Q3S-4-2T 212:220 strain 2Q3S-4-2T 205:220 strain 2Q3S-4-2T 205:220 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 2Q3S-4-2T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized bark of Kandelia candel, collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, PR China. 26813967 8 57 theme cell-wall 889:897 arg1 peptidoglycan 899:911 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 885:911 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and MK-8(H4) 885:959 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. 26813967 8 57 theme cell-wall 889:897 arg1 menaquinone 981:991 the predominant menaquinone 965:991 the predominant menaquinone 965:991 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. 26813967 11 58 theme genus 1347:1351 arg1 Nakamurella 1353:1363 the genus Nakamurella 1343:1363 the genus Nakamurella 1343:1363 On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain 2Q3S-4-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella endophytica sp. 26813967 1 59 dep actinobacterium 53:67 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the bark of Kandelia candel. 26813967 9 60 theme polar 1010:1014 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1028:1049 diphosphatidylglycerol 1028:1049 diphosphatidylglycerol 1028:1049 The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminophospholipids and phosphatidylinositol. 26813967 9 60 theme polar 1010:1014 arg1 lipids 1016:1021 The predominant polar lipids 994:1021 The predominant polar lipids 994:1021 The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminophospholipids and phosphatidylinositol. 26813967 6 61 theme strain 685:690 arg1 2Q3S-4-2T 692:700 strain 2Q3S-4-2T 685:700 strain 2Q3S-4-2T 685:700 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, suggested that strain 2Q3S-4-2T belonged to the genus Nakamurella, sharing highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.76 %). 26813967 5 62 theme aerial 520:525 arg1 mycelia 527:533 aerial mycelia 520:533 aerial mycelia 520:533 Substrate mycelia and aerial mycelia were not formed and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 26813967 6 63 theme 16S 645:647 arg1 sequences 659:667 16S rRNA gene sequences 645:667 16S rRNA gene sequences 645:667 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, suggested that strain 2Q3S-4-2T belonged to the genus Nakamurella, sharing highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nakamurella flavida DS-52T (96.76 %). 26813967 2 64 theme Gram-stain-positive 114:132 arg1 actinobacterium 177:191 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 112:191 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 112:191 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 2Q3S-4-2T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized bark of Kandelia candel, collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, PR China. 26813967 2 65 theme surface-sterilized 245:262 arg1 bark 264:267 the surface-sterilized bark 241:267 the surface-sterilized bark 241:267 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 2Q3S-4-2T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized bark of Kandelia candel, collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, PR China. 26813967 3 66 theme polyphasic 369:378 arg1 approach 380:387 a polyphasic approach 367:387 a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position 367:423 It was tested using a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 26813967 7 67 theme strain 853:858 arg1 2Q3S-4-2T 860:868 strain 2Q3S-4-2T 853:868 strain 2Q3S-4-2T 853:868 The DNA G+C content of strain 2Q3S-4-2T was 67.8 mol%. 26296874 9 0 theme phylogenetic 1620:1631 arg1 analyses 1648:1655 morphological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1589:1655 morphological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1589:1655 The results of morphological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses confirm that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp. 26296874 2 1 theme forest 119:124 arg1 soil 126:129 forest soil 119:129 forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea 119:158 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 7 2 theme T13T 1074:1077 arg1 profile 1056:1062 The fatty-acid profile 1041:1062 The fatty-acid profile of strain T13T 1041:1077 The fatty-acid profile of strain T13T was made up predominantly of iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 26296874 2 3 attach isolated 105:112 arg2 T13T 99:102 Strain T13T 92:102 Strain T13T 92:102 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 2 3 attach isolated 105:112 arg1 soil 126:129 forest soil 119:129 forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea 119:158 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 2 4 theme niger 489:493 arg1 growth 312:317 the growth 308:317 the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger 308:493 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 3 5 dep 2  562:563 arg1 to 559:560 to 559:560 to 559:560 Growth occurred at 15-45 °C, pH 4-11 and in the presence of up to 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296874 9 6 theme name 1750:1753 arg1 sp 1783:1784 the name Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp 1746:1784 the name Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp 1746:1784 The results of morphological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses confirm that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp. 26296874 2 7 contain containing 244:253 arg2 chloride 265:272 magnesium chloride 255:272 magnesium chloride 255:272 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 2 7 contain containing 244:253 arg1 medium 237:242 yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium 196:242 yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral 196:291 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 2 7 contain containing 244:253 arg2 trace 279:283 a trace mineral 277:291 a trace mineral 277:291 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 9 8 theme phenotypic 1637:1646 arg1 analyses 1648:1655 morphological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1589:1655 morphological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1589:1655 The results of morphological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses confirm that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp. 26296874 8 9 theme S. 1396:1397 arg1 JL-22T 1412:1417 S. graminifolii JL-22T 1396:1417 S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) 1396:1427 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 8 9 theme S. 1396:1397 arg1 % 1426:1426 97.79 % 1420:1426 97.79 % 1420:1426 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 2 10 theme mineral 285:291 arg1 trace 279:283 a trace mineral 277:291 a trace mineral 277:291 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 2 10 theme mineral 285:291 arg1 chloride 265:272 magnesium chloride 255:272 magnesium chloride 255:272 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 9 11 theme Streptomyces 1755:1766 arg1 sp 1783:1784 the name Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp 1746:1784 the name Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp 1746:1784 The results of morphological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses confirm that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp. 26296874 2 12 from production 182:191 arg1 medium 237:242 yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium 196:242 yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral 196:291 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 6 13 contain contained 990:998 arg2 rhamnose 1031:1038 rhamnose 1031:1038 rhamnose 1031:1038 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, galactose, ribose and rhamnose. 26296874 6 13 contain contained 990:998 arg2 ribose 1020:1025 ribose 1020:1025 ribose 1020:1025 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, galactose, ribose and rhamnose. 26296874 6 13 contain contained 990:998 arg2 galactose 1009:1017 galactose 1009:1017 galactose 1009:1017 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, galactose, ribose and rhamnose. 26296874 6 13 contain contained 990:998 arg2 glucose 1000:1006 glucose 1000:1006 glucose 1000:1006 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, galactose, ribose and rhamnose. 26296874 6 13 contain contained 990:998 arg1 hydrolysates 977:988 Whole-cell hydrolysates 966:988 Whole-cell hydrolysates 966:988 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, galactose, ribose and rhamnose. 26296874 7 14 theme strain 1067:1072 arg1 T13T 1074:1077 strain T13T 1067:1077 strain T13T 1067:1077 The fatty-acid profile of strain T13T was made up predominantly of iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 26296874 4 15 theme small 695:699 arg1 amounts 701:707 small amounts 695:707 small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4) 695:734 Biochemical analyses indicated that the predominant menaquinones produced by this strain were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8); small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4) were also detected. 26296874 4 15 theme small 695:699 arg1 H4 732:733 H4 732:733 H4 732:733 Biochemical analyses indicated that the predominant menaquinones produced by this strain were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8); small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4) were also detected. 26296874 4 15 theme small 695:699 arg1 H2 718:719 H2 718:719 H2 718:719 Biochemical analyses indicated that the predominant menaquinones produced by this strain were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8); small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4) were also detected. 26296874 4 15 theme small 695:699 arg1 MK-10 726:730 MK-10 726:730 MK-10(H4) 726:734 Biochemical analyses indicated that the predominant menaquinones produced by this strain were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8); small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4) were also detected. 26296874 4 15 theme small 695:699 arg1 MK-10 712:716 MK-10 712:716 MK-10(H2) 712:720 Biochemical analyses indicated that the predominant menaquinones produced by this strain were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8); small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4) were also detected. 26296874 9 16 theme olivicoloratus 1768:1781 arg1 sp 1783:1784 the name Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp 1746:1784 the name Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp 1746:1784 The results of morphological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses confirm that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp. 26296874 8 17 theme relatedness 1495:1505 arg1 values 1507:1512 relatedness values 1495:1512 relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % 1495:1529 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 8 18 theme % 1253:1253 arg1 JR-43T 1239:1244 Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T 1216:1244 Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1216:1288 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 8 18 theme % 1253:1253 arg1 similarity 1278:1287 98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1247:1287 98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1247:1287 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 7 19 theme fatty-acid 1045:1054 arg1 profile 1056:1062 The fatty-acid profile 1041:1062 The fatty-acid profile of strain T13T 1041:1077 The fatty-acid profile of strain T13T was made up predominantly of iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 26296874 8 20 theme Streptomyces 1216:1227 arg1 similarity 1278:1287 98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1247:1287 98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1247:1287 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 8 20 theme Streptomyces 1216:1227 arg1 JR-43T 1239:1244 Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T 1216:1244 Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1216:1288 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 4 21 theme MK-10 712:716 arg1 amounts 701:707 small amounts 695:707 small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4) 695:734 Biochemical analyses indicated that the predominant menaquinones produced by this strain were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8); small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4) were also detected. 26296874 4 21 theme MK-10 712:716 arg1 H4 732:733 H4 732:733 H4 732:733 Biochemical analyses indicated that the predominant menaquinones produced by this strain were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8); small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4) were also detected. 26296874 4 21 theme MK-10 712:716 arg1 H2 718:719 H2 718:719 H2 718:719 Biochemical analyses indicated that the predominant menaquinones produced by this strain were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8); small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4) were also detected. 26296874 4 21 theme MK-10 712:716 arg1 MK-10 726:730 MK-10 726:730 MK-10(H4) 726:734 Biochemical analyses indicated that the predominant menaquinones produced by this strain were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8); small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4) were also detected. 26296874 4 21 theme MK-10 712:716 arg1 MK-10 712:716 MK-10 712:716 MK-10(H2) 712:720 Biochemical analyses indicated that the predominant menaquinones produced by this strain were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8); small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4) were also detected. 26296874 5 22 theme lipid 766:770 arg1 profile 772:778 The polar lipid profile 756:778 The polar lipid profile 756:778 The polar lipid profile comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 26296874 3 23 dep % 564:564 arg1 w/v 567:569 w/v 567:569 w/v 567:569 Growth occurred at 15-45 °C, pH 4-11 and in the presence of up to 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296874 3 23 dep % 564:564 arg1 2  562:563 2  562:563 2  562:563 Growth occurred at 15-45 °C, pH 4-11 and in the presence of up to 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296874 8 24 theme strain 1182:1187 arg1 T13T 1189:1192 strain T13T 1182:1192 strain T13T 1182:1192 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 0 25 theme Streptomyces 0:11 arg1 sp 28:29 Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp 0:29 Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp. 0:30 Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp. 26296874 11 26 theme  = KEMB 1830:1836 arg1 110901T 1869:1875  = KEMB 9005-210T = KACC 18227T = NBRC 110901T 1830:1875  = KEMB 9005-210T = KACC 18227T = NBRC 110901T 1830:1875 The type strain is T13T ( = KEMB 9005-210T = KACC 18227T = NBRC 110901T). 26296874 11 26 theme  = KEMB 1830:1836 arg1 T13T 1824:1827 T13T 1824:1827 T13T ( = KEMB 9005-210T = KACC 18227T = NBRC 110901T) 1824:1876 The type strain is T13T ( = KEMB 9005-210T = KACC 18227T = NBRC 110901T). 26296874 5 27 theme polar 760:764 arg1 profile 772:778 The polar lipid profile 756:778 The polar lipid profile 756:778 The polar lipid profile comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 26296874 0 28 theme olivicoloratus 13:26 arg1 sp 28:29 Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp 0:29 Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp. 0:30 Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp. 26296874 8 29 theme related 1557:1563 arg1 strains 1565:1571 related strains 1557:1571 related strains 1557:1571 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 7 30 theme anteiso-branched 1117:1132 arg1 acids 1140:1144 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 1108:1144 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 1108:1144 The fatty-acid profile of strain T13T was made up predominantly of iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 26296874 2 31 theme aeruginosa 376:385 arg1 growth 312:317 the growth 308:317 the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger 308:493 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 2 32 theme coli 450:453 arg1 growth 312:317 the growth 308:317 the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger 308:493 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 5 33 theme cell-wall 872:880 arg1 peptidoglycan 882:894 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 868:894 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 868:894 The polar lipid profile comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 26296874 5 34 contain contained 896:904 arg1 peptidoglycan 882:894 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 868:894 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 868:894 The polar lipid profile comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 26296874 5 34 contain contained 896:904 arg2 acid 939:942 glutamic acid 930:942 glutamic acid 930:942 The polar lipid profile comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 26296874 5 34 contain contained 896:904 arg2 acid 924:927 ll-diaminopimelic acid 906:927 ll-diaminopimelic acid 906:927 The polar lipid profile comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 26296874 5 34 contain contained 896:904 arg2 glycine 957:963 glycine 957:963 glycine 957:963 The polar lipid profile comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 26296874 5 34 contain contained 896:904 arg2 alanine 945:951 alanine 945:951 alanine 945:951 The polar lipid profile comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 26296874 2 35 from soil 126:129 arg1 Korea 154:158 Korea 154:158 Korea 154:158 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 2 35 from soil 126:129 arg1 South 148:152 South 148:152 South 148:152 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 8 36 dep S. 1324:1325 arg1 rhizophilus 1327:1337 rhizophilus 1327:1337 rhizophilus 1327:1337 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 8 37 dep Streptomyces 1216:1227 arg1 gramineus 1229:1237 gramineus 1229:1237 gramineus 1229:1237 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 2 38 theme larvae 430:435 arg1 growth 312:317 the growth 308:317 the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger 308:493 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 8 39 theme Genetic 1147:1153 arg1 analyses 1155:1162 Genetic analyses 1147:1162 Genetic analyses 1147:1162 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 2 40 theme antibiotic 171:180 arg1 production 182:191 antibiotic production 171:191 antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral 171:291 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 9 41 theme analyses 1648:1655 arg1 results 1578:1584 The results 1574:1584 The results of morphological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1574:1655 The results of morphological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses confirm that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp. 26296874 2 42 theme Paenibacillus 416:428 arg1 larvae 430:435 Paenibacillus larvae 416:435 Paenibacillus larvae 416:435 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 9 43 theme novel 1695:1699 arg1 species 1701:1707 a novel species 1693:1707 a novel species 1693:1707 The results of morphological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses confirm that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp. 26296874 5 44 theme ll-diaminopimelic 906:922 arg1 acid 924:927 ll-diaminopimelic acid 906:927 ll-diaminopimelic acid 906:927 The polar lipid profile comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 26296874 11 45 theme 18227T = NBRC 1855:1867 arg1 110901T 1869:1875  = KEMB 9005-210T = KACC 18227T = NBRC 110901T 1830:1875  = KEMB 9005-210T = KACC 18227T = NBRC 110901T 1830:1875 The type strain is T13T ( = KEMB 9005-210T = KACC 18227T = NBRC 110901T). 26296874 11 45 theme 18227T = NBRC 1855:1867 arg1 T13T 1824:1827 T13T 1824:1827 T13T ( = KEMB 9005-210T = KACC 18227T = NBRC 110901T) 1824:1876 The type strain is T13T ( = KEMB 9005-210T = KACC 18227T = NBRC 110901T). 26296874 7 46 theme fatty 1134:1138 arg1 acids 1140:1144 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 1108:1144 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 1108:1144 The fatty-acid profile of strain T13T was made up predominantly of iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 26296874 8 47 theme S. 1324:1325 arg1 JR-41T 1339:1344 S. rhizophilus JR-41T 1324:1344 S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %) 1324:1354 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 8 47 theme S. 1324:1325 arg1 % 1353:1353 97.86 % 1347:1353 97.86 % 1347:1353 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 4 48 theme predominant 618:628 arg1 MK-9 672:675 MK-9 672:675 MK-9 672:675 Biochemical analyses indicated that the predominant menaquinones produced by this strain were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8); small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4) were also detected. 26296874 4 48 theme predominant 618:628 arg1 menaquinones 630:641 the predominant menaquinones 614:641 the predominant menaquinones produced by this strain 614:665 Biochemical analyses indicated that the predominant menaquinones produced by this strain were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8); small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4) were also detected. 26296874 8 49 dep S. 1396:1397 arg1 graminifolii 1399:1410 graminifolii 1399:1410 graminifolii 1399:1410 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 8 50 theme gene 1264:1267 arg1 JR-43T 1239:1244 Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T 1216:1244 Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1216:1288 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 8 50 theme gene 1264:1267 arg1 similarity 1278:1287 98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1247:1287 98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1247:1287 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 2 51 theme YMG 232:234 arg1 medium 237:242 yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium 196:242 yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral 196:291 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 2 52 theme epidermidis 403:413 arg1 growth 312:317 the growth 308:317 the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger 308:493 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 2 53 theme albicans 464:471 arg1 growth 312:317 the growth 308:317 the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger 308:493 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 8 54 theme longwoodensis 1360:1372 arg1 20096T 1378:1383 S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T 1357:1383 S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %) 1357:1393 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 8 54 theme longwoodensis 1360:1372 arg1 % 1392:1392 97.84 % 1386:1392 97.84 % 1386:1392 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 11 55 theme type 1809:1812 arg1 T13T 1824:1827 T13T 1824:1827 T13T ( = KEMB 9005-210T = KACC 18227T = NBRC 110901T) 1824:1876 The type strain is T13T ( = KEMB 9005-210T = KACC 18227T = NBRC 110901T). 26296874 11 55 theme type 1809:1812 arg1 strain 1814:1819 The type strain 1805:1819 The type strain 1805:1819 The type strain is T13T ( = KEMB 9005-210T = KACC 18227T = NBRC 110901T). 26296874 2 56 theme subtilis 331:338 arg1 growth 312:317 the growth 308:317 the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger 308:493 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 2 57 theme Candida 456:462 arg1 albicans 464:471 Candida albicans 456:471 Candida albicans 456:471 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 2 58 theme Strain 92:97 arg1 T13T 99:102 Strain T13T 92:102 Strain T13T 92:102 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 2 59 theme extract-malt 202:213 arg1 medium 237:242 yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium 196:242 yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral 196:291 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 2 60 theme extract-glucose 215:229 arg1 medium 237:242 yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium 196:242 yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral 196:291 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 8 61 theme LMG 1374:1376 arg1 20096T 1378:1383 S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T 1357:1383 S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %) 1357:1393 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 8 61 theme LMG 1374:1376 arg1 % 1392:1392 97.84 % 1386:1392 97.84 % 1386:1392 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 9 62 theme genus 1716:1720 arg1 Streptomyces 1722:1733 the genus Streptomyces 1712:1733 the genus Streptomyces 1712:1733 The results of morphological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses confirm that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp. 26296874 7 63 theme iso- 1108:1111 arg1 acids 1140:1144 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 1108:1144 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 1108:1144 The fatty-acid profile of strain T13T was made up predominantly of iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 26296874 9 64 theme morphological 1589:1601 arg1 analyses 1648:1655 morphological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1589:1655 morphological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1589:1655 The results of morphological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses confirm that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp. 26296874 2 65 theme yeast 196:200 arg1 medium 237:242 yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium 196:242 yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral 196:291 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 11 66 theme 9005-210T = KACC 1838:1853 arg1 110901T 1869:1875  = KEMB 9005-210T = KACC 18227T = NBRC 110901T 1830:1875  = KEMB 9005-210T = KACC 18227T = NBRC 110901T 1830:1875 The type strain is T13T ( = KEMB 9005-210T = KACC 18227T = NBRC 110901T). 26296874 11 66 theme 9005-210T = KACC 1838:1853 arg1 T13T 1824:1827 T13T 1824:1827 T13T ( = KEMB 9005-210T = KACC 18227T = NBRC 110901T) 1824:1876 The type strain is T13T ( = KEMB 9005-210T = KACC 18227T = NBRC 110901T). 26296874 4 67 theme MK-10 726:730 arg1 amounts 701:707 small amounts 695:707 small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4) 695:734 Biochemical analyses indicated that the predominant menaquinones produced by this strain were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8); small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4) were also detected. 26296874 4 67 theme MK-10 726:730 arg1 H4 732:733 H4 732:733 H4 732:733 Biochemical analyses indicated that the predominant menaquinones produced by this strain were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8); small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4) were also detected. 26296874 4 67 theme MK-10 726:730 arg1 H2 718:719 H2 718:719 H2 718:719 Biochemical analyses indicated that the predominant menaquinones produced by this strain were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8); small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4) were also detected. 26296874 4 67 theme MK-10 726:730 arg1 MK-10 726:730 MK-10 726:730 MK-10(H4) 726:734 Biochemical analyses indicated that the predominant menaquinones produced by this strain were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8); small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4) were also detected. 26296874 4 67 theme MK-10 726:730 arg1 MK-10 712:716 MK-10 712:716 MK-10(H2) 712:720 Biochemical analyses indicated that the predominant menaquinones produced by this strain were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8); small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4) were also detected. 26296874 8 68 theme rRNA 1259:1262 arg1 JR-43T 1239:1244 Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T 1216:1244 Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1216:1288 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 8 68 theme rRNA 1259:1262 arg1 similarity 1278:1287 98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1247:1287 98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1247:1287 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 9 69 theme Streptomyces 1722:1733 arg1 species 1701:1707 a novel species 1693:1707 a novel species 1693:1707 The results of morphological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses confirm that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp. 26296874 5 70 theme glutamic 930:937 arg1 acid 939:942 glutamic acid 930:942 glutamic acid 930:942 The polar lipid profile comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 26296874 8 71 theme S. 1357:1358 arg1 20096T 1378:1383 S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T 1357:1383 S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %) 1357:1393 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 8 71 theme S. 1357:1358 arg1 % 1392:1392 97.84 % 1386:1392 97.84 % 1386:1392 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 2 72 theme magnesium 255:263 arg1 trace 279:283 a trace mineral 277:291 a trace mineral 277:291 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 2 72 theme magnesium 255:263 arg1 chloride 265:272 magnesium chloride 255:272 magnesium chloride 255:272 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 8 73 theme 16S 1255:1257 arg1 JR-43T 1239:1244 Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T 1216:1244 Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1216:1288 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 8 73 theme 16S 1255:1257 arg1 similarity 1278:1287 98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1247:1287 98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1247:1287 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 6 74 theme Whole-cell 966:975 arg1 hydrolysates 977:988 Whole-cell hydrolysates 966:988 Whole-cell hydrolysates 966:988 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, galactose, ribose and rhamnose. 26296874 9 75 theme chemotaxonomic 1604:1617 arg1 analyses 1648:1655 morphological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1589:1655 morphological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses 1589:1655 The results of morphological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses confirm that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces olivicoloratus sp. 26296874 3 76 theme NaCl 572:575 arg1 presence 544:551 the presence 540:551 the presence of up to 2 % (w/v) NaCl 540:575 Growth occurred at 15-45 °C, pH 4-11 and in the presence of up to 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296874 3 77 dep NaCl 572:575 arg1 % 564:564 % 564:564 % 564:564 Growth occurred at 15-45 °C, pH 4-11 and in the presence of up to 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296874 8 78 theme sequence 1269:1276 arg1 JR-43T 1239:1244 Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T 1216:1244 Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1216:1288 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 8 78 theme sequence 1269:1276 arg1 similarity 1278:1287 98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1247:1287 98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1247:1287 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 8 79 theme % 1529:1529 arg1 values 1507:1512 relatedness values 1495:1512 relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % 1495:1529 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 8 80 theme DNA-DNA 1465:1471 arg1 hybridization 1473:1485 DNA-DNA hybridization 1465:1485 DNA-DNA hybridization 1465:1485 Genetic analyses demonstrated that strain T13T is closely related to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.29 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), S. graminisoli JR-19T (97.99 %), S. rhizophilus JR-41T (97.86 %), S. longwoodensis LMG 20096T (97.84 %), S. graminifolii JL-22T (97.79 %) and S. yaanensis Z4T (97.56 %), and DNA-DNA hybridization yielded relatedness values of 35.27-43.42 % when T13T was compared to related strains. 26296874 1 81 theme antibiotic-producing 41:60 arg1 bacterium 62:70 an antibiotic-producing bacterium 38:70 an antibiotic-producing bacterium 38:70 nov., an antibiotic-producing bacterium isolated from soil. 26296874 1 81 theme antibiotic-producing 41:60 arg1 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov., an antibiotic-producing bacterium isolated from soil. 26296874 2 82 theme aureus 356:361 arg1 growth 312:317 the growth 308:317 the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger 308:493 Strain T13T, isolated from forest soil in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, exhibited antibiotic production on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (YMG) medium containing magnesium chloride as a trace mineral, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Paenibacillus larvae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. 26296874 4 83 theme Biochemical 578:588 arg1 analyses 590:597 Biochemical analyses 578:597 Biochemical analyses 578:597 Biochemical analyses indicated that the predominant menaquinones produced by this strain were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8); small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4) were also detected. 25951859 8 0 theme genus 1570:1574 arg1 Kibdelosporangium 1576:1592 the genus Kibdelosporangium 1566:1592 the genus Kibdelosporangium 1566:1592 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 506T represents a novel species in the genus Kibdelosporangium, for which the name Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp. 25951859 8 1 theme XMU 1527:1529 arg1 506T 1531:1534 strain XMU 506T 1520:1534 strain XMU 506T 1520:1534 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 506T represents a novel species in the genus Kibdelosporangium, for which the name Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp. 25951859 8 1 theme XMU 1527:1529 arg1 characterization 1502:1517 phenotypic and genotypic characterization 1477:1517 phenotypic and genotypic characterization 1477:1517 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 506T represents a novel species in the genus Kibdelosporangium, for which the name Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp. 25951859 3 2 theme 0-1 492:494 arg1 % 495:495 % 495:495 % 495:495 The optimum growth occurred at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0 with 0-1% NaCl. 25951859 1 3 attach isolated 131:138 arg2 506T 125:128 506T 125:128 506T 125:128 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L. Strain XMU 506T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was identified using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25951859 1 3 attach isolated 131:138 arg1 soil 161:164 the rhizosphere soil 145:164 the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L., collected from Xiamen City, China 145:241 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L. Strain XMU 506T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was identified using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25951859 6 4 theme isolate 1152:1158 arg1 phospholipids 1131:1143 the phospholipids 1127:1143 the phospholipids of the isolate 1127:1158 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4); the phospholipids of the isolate comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, OH-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and unidentified amino-, glyco- and phospholipids; the major fatty acids of the strain were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 ω6c and iso-C16 : 1 H. 25951859 5 5 from acid 925:928 arg1 peptidoglycan 947:959 the cell wall peptidoglycan 933:959 the cell wall peptidoglycan 933:959 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 4 6 theme Kibdelosporangium 583:599 arg1 44226T 619:624 Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T 583:624 Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T 583:624 Strain XMU 506T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.5%) to Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T, and formed a monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree together with the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium. 25951859 8 7 theme name 1609:1612 arg1 sp 1641:1642 the name Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp 1605:1642 the name Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp 1605:1642 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 506T represents a novel species in the genus Kibdelosporangium, for which the name Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp. 25951859 8 8 theme lantanae 1632:1639 arg1 sp 1641:1642 the name Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp 1605:1642 the name Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp 1605:1642 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 506T represents a novel species in the genus Kibdelosporangium, for which the name Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp. 25951859 5 9 theme cell 1000:1003 arg1 wall 1005:1008 the cell wall 996:1008 the cell wall 996:1008 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 10 10 theme XMU 1682:1684 arg1 strain 1672:1677 The type strain 1663:1677 The type strain 1663:1677 The type strain is XMU 506T ( = KCTC 29675T = MCCC 1K00430T). 25951859 10 10 theme XMU 1682:1684 arg1 506T 1686:1689 XMU 506T 1682:1689 XMU 506T ( = KCTC 29675T = MCCC 1K00430T) 1682:1722 The type strain is XMU 506T ( = KCTC 29675T = MCCC 1K00430T). 25951859 10 10 theme XMU 1682:1684 arg1 1K00430T 1714:1721  = KCTC 29675T = MCCC 1K00430T 1692:1721  = KCTC 29675T = MCCC 1K00430T 1692:1721 The type strain is XMU 506T ( = KCTC 29675T = MCCC 1K00430T). 25951859 1 11 theme plant 183:187 arg1 soil 161:164 the rhizosphere soil 145:164 the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L., collected from Xiamen City, China 145:241 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L. Strain XMU 506T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was identified using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25951859 6 12 theme unidentified 1252:1263 arg1 amino- 1265:1270 unidentified amino- 1252:1270 unidentified amino- 1252:1270 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4); the phospholipids of the isolate comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, OH-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and unidentified amino-, glyco- and phospholipids; the major fatty acids of the strain were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 ω6c and iso-C16 : 1 H. 25951859 4 13 theme monophyletic 640:651 arg1 clade 653:657 a monophyletic clade 638:657 a monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree together with the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium 638:758 Strain XMU 506T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.5%) to Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T, and formed a monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree together with the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium. 25951859 10 14 theme 29675T = MCCC 1700:1712 arg1 506T 1686:1689 XMU 506T 1682:1689 XMU 506T ( = KCTC 29675T = MCCC 1K00430T) 1682:1722 The type strain is XMU 506T ( = KCTC 29675T = MCCC 1K00430T). 25951859 10 14 theme 29675T = MCCC 1700:1712 arg1 1K00430T 1714:1721  = KCTC 29675T = MCCC 1K00430T 1692:1721  = KCTC 29675T = MCCC 1K00430T 1692:1721 The type strain is XMU 506T ( = KCTC 29675T = MCCC 1K00430T). 25951859 5 15 theme genus 850:854 arg1 Kibdelosporangium 856:872 the genus Kibdelosporangium 846:872 the genus Kibdelosporangium 846:872 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 4 16 theme DSM 615:617 arg1 44226T 619:624 Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T 583:624 Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T 583:624 Strain XMU 506T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.5%) to Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T, and formed a monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree together with the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium. 25951859 5 17 from present 985:991 arg1 wall 1005:1008 the cell wall 996:1008 the cell wall 996:1008 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 1 18 theme polyphasic 267:276 arg1 approach 278:285 a polyphasic approach 265:285 a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position 265:319 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L. Strain XMU 506T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was identified using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25951859 1 19 theme 506T 125:128 arg1 soil 67:70 the rhizosphere soil 51:70 the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L. Strain XMU 506T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L., collected from Xiamen City, China 51:241 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L. Strain XMU 506T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was identified using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25951859 5 20 theme XMU 834:836 arg1 506T 838:841 strain XMU 506T 827:841 strain XMU 506T 827:841 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 4 21 theme gene 675:678 arg1 tree 693:696 the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree 662:696 the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree 662:696 Strain XMU 506T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.5%) to Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T, and formed a monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree together with the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium. 25951859 1 22 dep 506T 125:128 arg1 Lantana 96:102 Lantana 96:102 Lantana 96:102 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L. Strain XMU 506T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was identified using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25951859 6 23 theme major 1303:1307 arg1 iso-C16  1340:1347 iso-C16  1340:1347 iso-C16  1340:1347 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4); the phospholipids of the isolate comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, OH-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and unidentified amino-, glyco- and phospholipids; the major fatty acids of the strain were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 ω6c and iso-C16 : 1 H. 25951859 6 23 theme major 1303:1307 arg1 acids 1315:1319 the major fatty acids 1299:1319 the major fatty acids of the strain 1299:1333 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4); the phospholipids of the isolate comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, OH-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and unidentified amino-, glyco- and phospholipids; the major fatty acids of the strain were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 ω6c and iso-C16 : 1 H. 25951859 1 24 theme rhizosphere 55:65 arg1 soil 67:70 the rhizosphere soil 51:70 the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L. Strain XMU 506T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L., collected from Xiamen City, China 51:241 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L. Strain XMU 506T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was identified using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25951859 5 25 theme whole-cell 1015:1024 arg1 hydrolysates 1026:1037 the whole-cell hydrolysates 1011:1037 the whole-cell hydrolysates 1011:1037 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 5 26 theme amino 919:923 arg1 acid 925:928 the diagnostic amino acid 904:928 the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan 904:959 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 5 26 theme amino 919:923 arg1 acid 895:898 meso-diaminopimelic acid 875:898 meso-diaminopimelic acid 875:898 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 2 27 theme aerial 326:331 arg1 mycelium 333:340 The aerial mycelium 322:340 The aerial mycelium of this organism 322:357 The aerial mycelium of this organism formed long straight or curved chains of spores and sporangium-like structures. 25951859 0 28 theme Kibdelosporangium 0:16 arg1 sp 27:28 Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp 0:28 Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp. 0:29 Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp. 25951859 4 29 theme 16S 666:668 arg1 tree 693:696 the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree 662:696 the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree 662:696 Strain XMU 506T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.5%) to Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T, and formed a monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree together with the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium. 25951859 2 30 theme long 366:369 arg1 chains 390:395 long straight or curved chains 366:395 long straight or curved chains of spores and sporangium-like structures 366:436 The aerial mycelium of this organism formed long straight or curved chains of spores and sporangium-like structures. 25951859 7 31 theme 67.3 mol 1419:1426 arg1 content 1392:1398 The G+C content 1384:1398 The G+C content of genomic DNA 1384:1413 The G+C content of genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. 25951859 7 31 theme 67.3 mol 1419:1426 arg1 % 1427:1427 67.3 mol% 1419:1427 67.3 mol% 1419:1427 The G+C content of genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. 25951859 2 32 theme sporangium-like 411:425 arg1 structures 427:436 sporangium-like structures 411:436 sporangium-like structures 411:436 The aerial mycelium of this organism formed long straight or curved chains of spores and sporangium-like structures. 25951859 2 33 theme organism 350:357 arg1 mycelium 333:340 The aerial mycelium 322:340 The aerial mycelium of this organism 322:357 The aerial mycelium of this organism formed long straight or curved chains of spores and sporangium-like structures. 25951859 7 34 theme DNA 1411:1413 arg1 content 1392:1398 The G+C content 1384:1398 The G+C content of genomic DNA 1384:1413 The G+C content of genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. 25951859 7 34 theme DNA 1411:1413 arg1 % 1427:1427 67.3 mol% 1419:1427 67.3 mol% 1419:1427 The G+C content of genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. 25951859 2 35 theme spores 400:405 arg1 chains 390:395 long straight or curved chains 366:395 long straight or curved chains of spores and sporangium-like structures 366:436 The aerial mycelium of this organism formed long straight or curved chains of spores and sporangium-like structures. 25951859 4 36 theme genus 736:740 arg1 Kibdelosporangium 742:758 the genus Kibdelosporangium 732:758 the genus Kibdelosporangium 732:758 Strain XMU 506T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.5%) to Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T, and formed a monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree together with the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium. 25951859 5 37 theme mycolic 962:968 arg1 acids 970:974 mycolic acids 962:974 mycolic acids 962:974 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 8 38 theme phylogenetic 1454:1465 arg1 analysis 1467:1474 phylogenetic analysis 1454:1474 phylogenetic analysis 1454:1474 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 506T represents a novel species in the genus Kibdelosporangium, for which the name Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp. 25951859 7 39 theme G+C 1388:1390 arg1 content 1392:1398 The G+C content 1384:1398 The G+C content of genomic DNA 1384:1413 The G+C content of genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. 25951859 7 39 theme G+C 1388:1390 arg1 % 1427:1427 67.3 mol% 1419:1427 67.3 mol% 1419:1427 The G+C content of genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. 25951859 4 40 theme philippinense 601:613 arg1 44226T 619:624 Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T 583:624 Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T 583:624 Strain XMU 506T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.5%) to Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T, and formed a monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree together with the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium. 25951859 4 41 theme highest 530:536 arg1 similarity 561:570 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 526:570 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 526:570 Strain XMU 506T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.5%) to Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T, and formed a monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree together with the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium. 25951859 4 42 theme type 716:719 arg1 strains 721:727 the type strains 712:727 the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium 712:758 Strain XMU 506T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.5%) to Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T, and formed a monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree together with the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium. 25951859 5 43 theme cell 937:940 arg1 peptidoglycan 947:959 the cell wall peptidoglycan 933:959 the cell wall peptidoglycan 933:959 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 4 44 theme rRNA 542:545 arg1 similarity 561:570 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 526:570 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 526:570 Strain XMU 506T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.5%) to Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T, and formed a monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree together with the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium. 25951859 4 45 theme XMU 510:512 arg1 506T 514:517 Strain XMU 506T 503:517 Strain XMU 506T 503:517 Strain XMU 506T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.5%) to Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T, and formed a monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree together with the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium. 25951859 6 46 theme major 1095:1099 arg1 MK-9 1117:1120 MK-9 1117:1120 MK-9 1117:1120 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4); the phospholipids of the isolate comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, OH-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and unidentified amino-, glyco- and phospholipids; the major fatty acids of the strain were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 ω6c and iso-C16 : 1 H. 25951859 6 46 theme major 1095:1099 arg1 menaquinone 1101:1111 The major menaquinone 1091:1111 The major menaquinone 1091:1111 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4); the phospholipids of the isolate comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, OH-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and unidentified amino-, glyco- and phospholipids; the major fatty acids of the strain were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 ω6c and iso-C16 : 1 H. 25951859 8 47 theme strain 1520:1525 arg1 506T 1531:1534 strain XMU 506T 1520:1534 strain XMU 506T 1520:1534 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 506T represents a novel species in the genus Kibdelosporangium, for which the name Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp. 25951859 8 47 theme strain 1520:1525 arg1 characterization 1502:1517 phenotypic and genotypic characterization 1477:1517 phenotypic and genotypic characterization 1477:1517 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 506T represents a novel species in the genus Kibdelosporangium, for which the name Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp. 25951859 4 48 theme Kibdelosporangium 742:758 arg1 strains 721:727 the type strains 712:727 the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium 712:758 Strain XMU 506T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.5%) to Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T, and formed a monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree together with the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium. 25951859 5 49 contain contained 1039:1047 arg2 galactose 1060:1068 galactose 1060:1068 galactose 1060:1068 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 5 49 contain contained 1039:1047 arg2 arabinose 1049:1057 arabinose 1049:1057 arabinose 1049:1057 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 5 49 contain contained 1039:1047 arg1 hydrolysates 1026:1037 the whole-cell hydrolysates 1011:1037 the whole-cell hydrolysates 1011:1037 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 5 49 contain contained 1039:1047 arg2 ribose 1083:1088 ribose 1083:1088 ribose 1083:1088 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 5 49 contain contained 1039:1047 arg2 glucose 1071:1077 glucose 1071:1077 glucose 1071:1077 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 10 50 theme type 1667:1670 arg1 strain 1672:1677 The type strain 1663:1677 The type strain 1663:1677 The type strain is XMU 506T ( = KCTC 29675T = MCCC 1K00430T). 25951859 10 50 theme type 1667:1670 arg1 506T 1686:1689 XMU 506T 1682:1689 XMU 506T ( = KCTC 29675T = MCCC 1K00430T) 1682:1722 The type strain is XMU 506T ( = KCTC 29675T = MCCC 1K00430T). 25951859 1 51 theme rhizosphere 149:159 arg1 soil 161:164 the rhizosphere soil 145:164 the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L., collected from Xiamen City, China 145:241 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L. Strain XMU 506T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was identified using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25951859 3 52 theme % 495:495 arg1 NaCl 497:500 0-1% NaCl 492:500 0-1% NaCl 492:500 The optimum growth occurred at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0 with 0-1% NaCl. 25951859 4 53 theme sequence 552:559 arg1 similarity 561:570 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 526:570 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 526:570 Strain XMU 506T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.5%) to Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T, and formed a monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree together with the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium. 25951859 4 54 dep showed 519:524 arg1 % 577:577 96.5% 573:577 96.5% 573:577 Strain XMU 506T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.5%) to Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T, and formed a monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree together with the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium. 25951859 8 55 theme Kibdelosporangium 1614:1630 arg1 sp 1641:1642 the name Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp 1605:1642 the name Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp 1605:1642 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 506T represents a novel species in the genus Kibdelosporangium, for which the name Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp. 25951859 1 56 theme ornamental 172:181 arg1 L. 205:206 L. 205:206 L. 205:206 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L. Strain XMU 506T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was identified using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25951859 1 56 theme ornamental 172:181 arg1 plant 183:187 an ornamental plant 169:187 an ornamental plant 169:187 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L. Strain XMU 506T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was identified using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25951859 5 57 theme 506T 838:841 arg1 assignment 813:822 the assignment 809:822 the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium 809:872 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 6 58 theme strain 1328:1333 arg1 iso-C16  1340:1347 iso-C16  1340:1347 iso-C16  1340:1347 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4); the phospholipids of the isolate comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, OH-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and unidentified amino-, glyco- and phospholipids; the major fatty acids of the strain were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 ω6c and iso-C16 : 1 H. 25951859 6 58 theme strain 1328:1333 arg1 acids 1315:1319 the major fatty acids 1299:1319 the major fatty acids of the strain 1299:1333 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4); the phospholipids of the isolate comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, OH-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and unidentified amino-, glyco- and phospholipids; the major fatty acids of the strain were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 ω6c and iso-C16 : 1 H. 25951859 10 59 theme  = KCTC 1692:1698 arg1 506T 1686:1689 XMU 506T 1682:1689 XMU 506T ( = KCTC 29675T = MCCC 1K00430T) 1682:1722 The type strain is XMU 506T ( = KCTC 29675T = MCCC 1K00430T). 25951859 10 59 theme  = KCTC 1692:1698 arg1 1K00430T 1714:1721  = KCTC 29675T = MCCC 1K00430T 1692:1721  = KCTC 29675T = MCCC 1K00430T 1692:1721 The type strain is XMU 506T ( = KCTC 29675T = MCCC 1K00430T). 25951859 4 60 theme 16S 538:540 arg1 similarity 561:570 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 526:570 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 526:570 Strain XMU 506T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.5%) to Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T, and formed a monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree together with the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium. 25951859 5 61 from wall 1005:1008 arg1 present 985:991 present 985:991 present 985:991 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 5 62 theme strain 827:832 arg1 506T 838:841 strain XMU 506T 827:841 strain XMU 506T 827:841 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 2 63 theme structures 427:436 arg1 chains 390:395 long straight or curved chains 366:395 long straight or curved chains of spores and sporangium-like structures 366:436 The aerial mycelium of this organism formed long straight or curved chains of spores and sporangium-like structures. 25951859 6 64 theme fatty 1309:1313 arg1 iso-C16  1340:1347 iso-C16  1340:1347 iso-C16  1340:1347 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4); the phospholipids of the isolate comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, OH-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and unidentified amino-, glyco- and phospholipids; the major fatty acids of the strain were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 ω6c and iso-C16 : 1 H. 25951859 6 64 theme fatty 1309:1313 arg1 acids 1315:1319 the major fatty acids 1299:1319 the major fatty acids of the strain 1299:1333 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4); the phospholipids of the isolate comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, OH-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and unidentified amino-, glyco- and phospholipids; the major fatty acids of the strain were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 ω6c and iso-C16 : 1 H. 25951859 4 65 theme rRNA 670:673 arg1 tree 693:696 the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree 662:696 the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree 662:696 Strain XMU 506T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.5%) to Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T, and formed a monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree together with the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium. 25951859 1 66 attach isolated 37:44 arg1 soil 67:70 the rhizosphere soil 51:70 the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L. Strain XMU 506T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L., collected from Xiamen City, China 51:241 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L. Strain XMU 506T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was identified using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25951859 1 66 attach isolated 37:44 arg2 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L. Strain XMU 506T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was identified using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25951859 1 67 theme taxonomic 302:310 arg1 position 312:319 its taxonomic position 298:319 its taxonomic position 298:319 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L. Strain XMU 506T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an ornamental plant, Lantana camara L., collected from Xiamen City, China, was identified using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25951859 5 68 theme diagnostic 908:917 arg1 acid 925:928 the diagnostic amino acid 904:928 the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan 904:959 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 5 68 theme diagnostic 908:917 arg1 acid 895:898 meso-diaminopimelic acid 875:898 meso-diaminopimelic acid 875:898 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 4 69 theme phylogenetic 680:691 arg1 tree 693:696 the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree 662:696 the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree 662:696 Strain XMU 506T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.5%) to Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T, and formed a monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree together with the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium. 25951859 0 70 theme lantanae 18:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp 0:28 Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp. 0:29 Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp. 25951859 2 71 theme curved 383:388 arg1 chains 390:395 long straight or curved chains 366:395 long straight or curved chains of spores and sporangium-like structures 366:436 The aerial mycelium of this organism formed long straight or curved chains of spores and sporangium-like structures. 25951859 6 72 dep iso-C16  1340:1347 arg1 iso-C16  1369:1376 iso-C16  1369:1376 iso-C16  1369:1376 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4); the phospholipids of the isolate comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, OH-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and unidentified amino-, glyco- and phospholipids; the major fatty acids of the strain were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 ω6c and iso-C16 : 1 H. 25951859 6 72 dep iso-C16  1340:1347 arg1 H 1381:1381  1 H 1378:1381 iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 ω6c and iso-C16 : 1 H 1340:1381 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4); the phospholipids of the isolate comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, OH-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and unidentified amino-, glyco- and phospholipids; the major fatty acids of the strain were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 ω6c and iso-C16 : 1 H. 25951859 6 72 dep iso-C16  1340:1347 arg1 ω6c 1361:1363  1 ω6c 1358:1363  1 ω6c 1358:1363 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4); the phospholipids of the isolate comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, OH-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and unidentified amino-, glyco- and phospholipids; the major fatty acids of the strain were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 ω6c and iso-C16 : 1 H. 25951859 6 72 dep iso-C16  1340:1347 arg1  0 1349:1350  0 1349:1350  0 1349:1350 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4); the phospholipids of the isolate comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, OH-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and unidentified amino-, glyco- and phospholipids; the major fatty acids of the strain were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 ω6c and iso-C16 : 1 H. 25951859 6 72 dep iso-C16  1340:1347 arg1 C17  1353:1356 C17  1353:1356 C17  1353:1356 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4); the phospholipids of the isolate comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, OH-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and unidentified amino-, glyco- and phospholipids; the major fatty acids of the strain were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 ω6c and iso-C16 : 1 H. 25951859 4 73 from clade 653:657 arg1 tree 693:696 the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree 662:696 the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree 662:696 Strain XMU 506T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.5%) to Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T, and formed a monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree together with the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium. 25951859 5 74 theme meso-diaminopimelic 875:893 arg1 acid 925:928 the diagnostic amino acid 904:928 the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan 904:959 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 5 74 theme meso-diaminopimelic 875:893 arg1 acid 895:898 meso-diaminopimelic acid 875:898 meso-diaminopimelic acid 875:898 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 2 75 theme straight 371:378 arg1 chains 390:395 long straight or curved chains 366:395 long straight or curved chains of spores and sporangium-like structures 366:436 The aerial mycelium of this organism formed long straight or curved chains of spores and sporangium-like structures. 25951859 4 76 theme Strain 503:508 arg1 506T 514:517 Strain XMU 506T 503:517 Strain XMU 506T 503:517 Strain XMU 506T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.5%) to Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T, and formed a monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree together with the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium. 25951859 8 77 from species 1555:1561 arg1 Kibdelosporangium 1576:1592 the genus Kibdelosporangium 1566:1592 the genus Kibdelosporangium 1566:1592 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 506T represents a novel species in the genus Kibdelosporangium, for which the name Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp. 25951859 5 78 located present 985:991 arg2 acids 970:974 mycolic acids 962:974 mycolic acids 962:974 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 5 78 located present 985:991 arg1 wall 1005:1008 the cell wall 996:1008 the cell wall 996:1008 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 5 79 theme wall 942:945 arg1 peptidoglycan 947:959 the cell wall peptidoglycan 933:959 the cell wall peptidoglycan 933:959 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 5 80 attach present 985:991 arg2 acids 970:974 mycolic acids 962:974 mycolic acids 962:974 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 5 80 attach present 985:991 arg1 wall 1005:1008 the cell wall 996:1008 the cell wall 996:1008 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 4 81 theme gene 547:550 arg1 similarity 561:570 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 526:570 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 526:570 Strain XMU 506T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.5%) to Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226T, and formed a monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree together with the type strains of the genus Kibdelosporangium. 25951859 8 82 theme analysis 1467:1474 arg1 results 1443:1449 the results 1439:1449 the results of phylogenetic analysis 1439:1474 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 506T represents a novel species in the genus Kibdelosporangium, for which the name Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp. 25951859 3 83 theme optimum 443:449 arg1 growth 451:456 The optimum growth 439:456 The optimum growth 439:456 The optimum growth occurred at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0 with 0-1% NaCl. 25951859 7 84 theme genomic 1403:1409 arg1 DNA 1411:1413 genomic DNA 1403:1413 genomic DNA 1403:1413 The G+C content of genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. 25951859 8 85 theme phenotypic 1477:1486 arg1 506T 1531:1534 strain XMU 506T 1520:1534 strain XMU 506T 1520:1534 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 506T represents a novel species in the genus Kibdelosporangium, for which the name Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp. 25951859 8 85 theme phenotypic 1477:1486 arg1 characterization 1502:1517 phenotypic and genotypic characterization 1477:1517 phenotypic and genotypic characterization 1477:1517 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 506T represents a novel species in the genus Kibdelosporangium, for which the name Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp. 25951859 8 86 theme novel 1549:1553 arg1 species 1555:1561 a novel species 1547:1561 a novel species 1547:1561 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 506T represents a novel species in the genus Kibdelosporangium, for which the name Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp. 25951859 5 87 theme chemotaxonomic 765:778 arg1 properties 780:789 The chemotaxonomic properties 761:789 The chemotaxonomic properties 761:789 The chemotaxonomic properties further supported the assignment of strain XMU 506T to the genus Kibdelosporangium: meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were not present in the cell wall; the whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. 25951859 8 88 theme genotypic 1492:1500 arg1 506T 1531:1534 strain XMU 506T 1520:1534 strain XMU 506T 1520:1534 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 506T represents a novel species in the genus Kibdelosporangium, for which the name Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp. 25951859 8 88 theme genotypic 1492:1500 arg1 characterization 1502:1517 phenotypic and genotypic characterization 1477:1517 phenotypic and genotypic characterization 1477:1517 Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain XMU 506T represents a novel species in the genus Kibdelosporangium, for which the name Kibdelosporangium lantanae sp. 25951859 6 89 theme  1 1358:1359 arg1 ω6c 1361:1363  1 ω6c 1358:1363  1 ω6c 1358:1363 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4); the phospholipids of the isolate comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, OH-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and unidentified amino-, glyco- and phospholipids; the major fatty acids of the strain were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 ω6c and iso-C16 : 1 H. 24215825 9 0 theme polar 1218:1222 arg1 lipids 1224:1229 major polar lipids 1212:1229 major polar lipids 1212:1229 In addition, strain ES3-24(T) showed obvious differences from closely related species in major polar lipids, nitrate reduction and other physiological and biochemical characteristics. 24215825 10 1 dep sp 1486:1487 arg1 selenitireducens 1469:1484 the name Paenibacillus selenitireducens 1446:1484 the name Paenibacillus selenitireducens 1446:1484 The data from our polyphasic taxonomic study reveal that strain ES3-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenitireducens sp. 24215825 5 2 theme polar 501:505 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 519:540 diphosphatidylglycerol 519:540 diphosphatidylglycerol 519:540 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unknown aminophospholipids. 24215825 5 2 theme polar 501:505 arg1 lipids 507:512 The major polar lipids 491:512 The major polar lipids 491:512 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unknown aminophospholipids. 24215825 7 3 theme terrigena 857:865 arg1 T 871:871 T 871:871 T 871:871 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 7 3 theme terrigena 857:865 arg1 A35 867:869 Paenibacillus terrigena A35 843:869 Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) 843:872 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 8 4 theme strain 1059:1064 arg1 T 1073:1073 T 1073:1073 T 1073:1073 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain ES3-24(T) and P. terrigena CCTCC AB206026(T) was 39.3 %. 24215825 8 4 theme strain 1059:1064 arg1 ES3-24 1066:1071 strain ES3-24 1059:1071 strain ES3-24(T) 1059:1074 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain ES3-24(T) and P. terrigena CCTCC AB206026(T) was 39.3 %. 24215825 2 5 theme Gram-stain-positive 112:130 arg1 bacterium 169:177 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium 110:177 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium 110:177 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain ES3-24(T), was isolated from a selenium mineral soil. 24215825 10 6 theme strain 1364:1369 arg1 ES3-24 1371:1376 strain ES3-24 1364:1376 strain ES3-24(T) 1364:1379 The data from our polyphasic taxonomic study reveal that strain ES3-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenitireducens sp. 24215825 10 6 theme strain 1364:1369 arg1 T 1378:1378 T 1378:1378 T 1378:1378 The data from our polyphasic taxonomic study reveal that strain ES3-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenitireducens sp. 24215825 9 7 theme biochemical 1278:1288 arg1 characteristics 1290:1304 other physiological and biochemical characteristics 1254:1304 other physiological and biochemical characteristics 1254:1304 In addition, strain ES3-24(T) showed obvious differences from closely related species in major polar lipids, nitrate reduction and other physiological and biochemical characteristics. 24215825 10 8 from study 1346:1350 arg1 data 1311:1314 The data 1307:1314 The data from our polyphasic taxonomic study 1307:1350 The data from our polyphasic taxonomic study reveal that strain ES3-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenitireducens sp. 24215825 7 9 theme % 919:919 arg1 identity 903:910 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 880:910 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3% 880:919 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 10 10 theme name 1450:1453 arg1 selenitireducens 1469:1484 the name Paenibacillus selenitireducens 1446:1484 the name Paenibacillus selenitireducens 1446:1484 The data from our polyphasic taxonomic study reveal that strain ES3-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenitireducens sp. 24215825 9 11 theme obvious 1160:1166 arg1 differences 1168:1178 obvious differences 1160:1178 obvious differences from closely related species in major polar lipids, nitrate reduction and other physiological and biochemical characteristics 1160:1304 In addition, strain ES3-24(T) showed obvious differences from closely related species in major polar lipids, nitrate reduction and other physiological and biochemical characteristics. 24215825 7 12 theme % 1028:1028 arg1 identities 1000:1009 16S rRNA gene sequence identities 977:1009 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0% 977:1028 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 7 13 theme gene 889:892 arg1 identity 903:910 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 880:910 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3% 880:919 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 12 14 theme  = KCTC 1538:1544 arg1 AB2013097 1563:1571  = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097 1538:1571  = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097(T) 1538:1574 The type strain is ES3-24(T) ( = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097(T)). 24215825 12 14 theme  = KCTC 1538:1544 arg1 T 1573:1573 T 1573:1573 T 1573:1573 The type strain is ES3-24(T) ( = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097(T)). 24215825 12 14 theme  = KCTC 1538:1544 arg1 ES3-24 1527:1532 ES3-24 1527:1532 ES3-24 1527:1532 The type strain is ES3-24(T) ( = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097(T)). 24215825 2 15 attach isolated 213:220 arg2 bacterium 169:177 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium 110:177 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium 110:177 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain ES3-24(T), was isolated from a selenium mineral soil. 24215825 2 15 attach isolated 213:220 arg1 soil 246:249 a selenium mineral soil 227:249 a selenium mineral soil 227:249 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain ES3-24(T), was isolated from a selenium mineral soil. 24215825 10 16 theme Paenibacillus 1421:1433 arg1 genus 1415:1419 the genus Paenibacillus 1411:1433 the genus Paenibacillus 1411:1433 The data from our polyphasic taxonomic study reveal that strain ES3-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenitireducens sp. 24215825 7 17 theme sequence 894:901 arg1 identity 903:910 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 880:910 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3% 880:919 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 12 18 theme type 1512:1515 arg1 strain 1517:1522 The type strain 1508:1522 The type strain 1508:1522 The type strain is ES3-24(T) ( = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097(T)). 24215825 12 18 theme type 1512:1515 arg1 ES3-24 1527:1532 ES3-24 1527:1532 ES3-24 1527:1532 The type strain is ES3-24(T) ( = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097(T)). 24215825 10 19 theme genus 1415:1419 arg1 species 1400:1406 a novel species 1392:1406 a novel species 1392:1406 The data from our polyphasic taxonomic study reveal that strain ES3-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenitireducens sp. 24215825 7 20 theme 16S 880:882 arg1 rRNA 884:887 16S rRNA 880:887 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3% 880:919 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 6 21 theme Strain 604:609 arg1 T 618:618 T 618:618 T 618:618 Strain ES3-24(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the DNA G+C content was 49.6 mol%. 24215825 6 21 theme Strain 604:609 arg1 ES3-24 611:616 Strain ES3-24 604:616 Strain ES3-24(T) 604:619 Strain ES3-24(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the DNA G+C content was 49.6 mol%. 24215825 6 22 theme G+C 699:701 arg1 % 723:723 49.6 mol% 715:723 49.6 mol% 715:723 Strain ES3-24(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the DNA G+C content was 49.6 mol%. 24215825 6 22 theme G+C 699:701 arg1 content 703:709 the DNA G+C content 691:709 the DNA G+C content 691:709 Strain ES3-24(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the DNA G+C content was 49.6 mol%. 24215825 8 23 theme terrigena 1083:1091 arg1 CCTCC 1093:1097 P. terrigena CCTCC AB206026 1080:1106 P. terrigena CCTCC AB206026(T) 1080:1109 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain ES3-24(T) and P. terrigena CCTCC AB206026(T) was 39.3 %. 24215825 8 23 theme terrigena 1083:1091 arg1 T 1108:1108 T 1108:1108 T 1108:1108 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain ES3-24(T) and P. terrigena CCTCC AB206026(T) was 39.3 %. 24215825 8 24 theme P. 1080:1081 arg1 CCTCC 1093:1097 P. terrigena CCTCC AB206026 1080:1106 P. terrigena CCTCC AB206026(T) 1080:1109 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain ES3-24(T) and P. terrigena CCTCC AB206026(T) was 39.3 %. 24215825 8 24 theme P. 1080:1081 arg1 T 1108:1108 T 1108:1108 T 1108:1108 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain ES3-24(T) and P. terrigena CCTCC AB206026(T) was 39.3 %. 24215825 10 25 theme taxonomic 1336:1344 arg1 study 1346:1350 our polyphasic taxonomic study 1321:1350 our polyphasic taxonomic study 1321:1350 The data from our polyphasic taxonomic study reveal that strain ES3-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenitireducens sp. 24215825 7 26 theme rRNA 884:887 arg1 identity 903:910 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 880:910 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3% 880:919 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 1 27 theme selenium 87:94 arg1 soil 104:107 a selenium mineral soil 85:107 a selenium mineral soil 85:107 nov., a selenite-reducing bacterium isolated from a selenium mineral soil. 24215825 6 28 theme DNA 695:697 arg1 % 723:723 49.6 mol% 715:723 49.6 mol% 715:723 Strain ES3-24(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the DNA G+C content was 49.6 mol%. 24215825 6 28 theme DNA 695:697 arg1 content 703:709 the DNA G+C content 691:709 the DNA G+C content 691:709 Strain ES3-24(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the DNA G+C content was 49.6 mol%. 24215825 0 29 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 selenitireducens 14:29 Paenibacillus selenitireducens 0:29 Paenibacillus selenitireducens 0:29 Paenibacillus selenitireducens sp. 24215825 9 30 theme related 1193:1199 arg1 species 1201:1207 closely related species 1185:1207 closely related species 1185:1207 In addition, strain ES3-24(T) showed obvious differences from closely related species in major polar lipids, nitrate reduction and other physiological and biochemical characteristics. 24215825 9 31 from species 1201:1207 arg1 differences 1168:1178 obvious differences 1160:1178 obvious differences from closely related species in major polar lipids, nitrate reduction and other physiological and biochemical characteristics 1160:1304 In addition, strain ES3-24(T) showed obvious differences from closely related species in major polar lipids, nitrate reduction and other physiological and biochemical characteristics. 24215825 1 32 theme mineral 96:102 arg1 soil 104:107 a selenium mineral soil 85:107 a selenium mineral soil 85:107 nov., a selenite-reducing bacterium isolated from a selenium mineral soil. 24215825 7 33 theme gene 986:989 arg1 identities 1000:1009 16S rRNA gene sequence identities 977:1009 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0% 977:1028 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 5 34 theme unknown 576:582 arg1 aminophospholipids 584:601 two unknown aminophospholipids 572:601 two unknown aminophospholipids 572:601 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unknown aminophospholipids. 24215825 10 35 theme polyphasic 1325:1334 arg1 study 1346:1350 our polyphasic taxonomic study 1321:1350 our polyphasic taxonomic study 1321:1350 The data from our polyphasic taxonomic study reveal that strain ES3-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenitireducens sp. 24215825 9 36 from differences 1168:1178 arg1 lipids 1224:1229 major polar lipids 1212:1229 major polar lipids 1212:1229 In addition, strain ES3-24(T) showed obvious differences from closely related species in major polar lipids, nitrate reduction and other physiological and biochemical characteristics. 24215825 9 36 from differences 1168:1178 arg1 reduction 1240:1248 nitrate reduction 1232:1248 nitrate reduction 1232:1248 In addition, strain ES3-24(T) showed obvious differences from closely related species in major polar lipids, nitrate reduction and other physiological and biochemical characteristics. 24215825 9 36 from differences 1168:1178 arg1 characteristics 1290:1304 other physiological and biochemical characteristics 1254:1304 other physiological and biochemical characteristics 1254:1304 In addition, strain ES3-24(T) showed obvious differences from closely related species in major polar lipids, nitrate reduction and other physiological and biochemical characteristics. 24215825 7 37 theme rRNA 778:781 arg1 sequence 788:795 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 770:795 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 770:795 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 7 38 theme sequence 991:998 arg1 identities 1000:1009 16S rRNA gene sequence identities 977:1009 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0% 977:1028 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 7 39 theme genus 953:957 arg1 members 938:944 the other members 928:944 the other members of the genus Paenibacillus 928:971 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 7 40 theme strain 798:803 arg1 T 812:812 T 812:812 T 812:812 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 7 40 theme strain 798:803 arg1 ES3-24 805:810 strain ES3-24 798:810 strain ES3-24(T) 798:813 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 10 41 theme novel 1394:1398 arg1 species 1400:1406 a novel species 1392:1406 a novel species 1392:1406 The data from our polyphasic taxonomic study reveal that strain ES3-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenitireducens sp. 24215825 7 42 theme gene 783:786 arg1 sequence 788:795 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 770:795 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 770:795 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 7 43 theme 16S 977:979 arg1 identities 1000:1009 16S rRNA gene sequence identities 977:1009 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0% 977:1028 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 2 44 theme strain 191:196 arg1 T 205:205 T 205:205 T 205:205 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain ES3-24(T), was isolated from a selenium mineral soil. 24215825 2 44 theme strain 191:196 arg1 ES3-24 198:203 strain ES3-24 191:203 strain ES3-24(T) 191:206 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain ES3-24(T), was isolated from a selenium mineral soil. 24215825 6 45 from acid 651:654 arg1 peptidoglycan 673:685 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 659:685 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 659:685 Strain ES3-24(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the DNA G+C content was 49.6 mol%. 24215825 6 46 theme cell-wall 663:671 arg1 peptidoglycan 673:685 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 659:685 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 659:685 Strain ES3-24(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the DNA G+C content was 49.6 mol%. 24215825 2 47 dep Gram-stain-positive 112:130 arg1 rod-shaped 133:142 rod-shaped 133:142 rod-shaped 133:142 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain ES3-24(T), was isolated from a selenium mineral soil. 24215825 2 47 dep Gram-stain-positive 112:130 arg1 anaerobic 159:167 anaerobic 159:167 anaerobic 159:167 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain ES3-24(T), was isolated from a selenium mineral soil. 24215825 7 48 theme rRNA 981:984 arg1 identities 1000:1009 16S rRNA gene sequence identities 977:1009 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0% 977:1028 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 9 49 theme nitrate 1232:1238 arg1 reduction 1240:1248 nitrate reduction 1232:1248 nitrate reduction 1232:1248 In addition, strain ES3-24(T) showed obvious differences from closely related species in major polar lipids, nitrate reduction and other physiological and biochemical characteristics. 24215825 7 50 theme 16S 774:776 arg1 sequence 788:795 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 770:795 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 770:795 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 7 51 theme Paenibacillus 959:971 arg1 genus 953:957 the genus Paenibacillus 949:971 the genus Paenibacillus 949:971 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 4 52 theme predominant 405:415 arg1 acids 423:427 the predominant fatty acids 401:427 the predominant fatty acids (>5%) 401:433 The major menaquinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the predominant fatty acids (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24215825 4 52 theme predominant 405:415 arg1 % 432:432 >5% 430:432 >5% 430:432 The major menaquinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the predominant fatty acids (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24215825 4 52 theme predominant 405:415 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 440:452 anteiso-C15:0 440:452 anteiso-C15:0 440:452 The major menaquinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the predominant fatty acids (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24215825 4 53 theme major 354:358 arg1 menaquinone 376:386 menaquinone 7 376:388 menaquinone 7 (MK-7) 376:395 The major menaquinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the predominant fatty acids (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24215825 4 53 theme major 354:358 arg1 menaquinone 360:370 The major menaquinone 350:370 The major menaquinone 350:370 The major menaquinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the predominant fatty acids (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24215825 12 54 theme 33157 1546:1550 arg1 AB2013097 1563:1571  = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097 1538:1571  = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097(T) 1538:1574 The type strain is ES3-24(T) ( = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097(T)). 24215825 12 54 theme 33157 1546:1550 arg1 T 1573:1573 T 1573:1573 T 1573:1573 The type strain is ES3-24(T) ( = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097(T)). 24215825 12 54 theme 33157 1546:1550 arg1 ES3-24 1527:1532 ES3-24 1527:1532 ES3-24 1527:1532 The type strain is ES3-24(T) ( = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097(T)). 24215825 1 55 theme selenite-reducing 43:59 arg1 bacterium 61:69 a selenite-reducing bacterium 41:69 a selenite-reducing bacterium 41:69 nov., a selenite-reducing bacterium isolated from a selenium mineral soil. 24215825 1 55 theme selenite-reducing 43:59 arg1 nov. 35:38 nov. 35:38 nov. 35:38 nov., a selenite-reducing bacterium isolated from a selenium mineral soil. 24215825 8 56 theme DNA-DNA 1031:1037 arg1 relatedness 1039:1049 DNA-DNA relatedness 1031:1049 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain ES3-24(T) and P. terrigena CCTCC AB206026(T) 1031:1109 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain ES3-24(T) and P. terrigena CCTCC AB206026(T) was 39.3 %. 24215825 12 57 theme  = CCTCC 1554:1561 arg1 AB2013097 1563:1571  = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097 1538:1571  = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097(T) 1538:1574 The type strain is ES3-24(T) ( = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097(T)). 24215825 12 57 theme  = CCTCC 1554:1561 arg1 T 1573:1573 T 1573:1573 T 1573:1573 The type strain is ES3-24(T) ( = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097(T)). 24215825 12 57 theme  = CCTCC 1554:1561 arg1 ES3-24 1527:1532 ES3-24 1527:1532 ES3-24 1527:1532 The type strain is ES3-24(T) ( = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097(T)). 24215825 9 58 theme major 1212:1216 arg1 lipids 1224:1229 major polar lipids 1212:1229 major polar lipids 1212:1229 In addition, strain ES3-24(T) showed obvious differences from closely related species in major polar lipids, nitrate reduction and other physiological and biochemical characteristics. 24215825 7 59 theme other 932:936 arg1 members 938:944 the other members 928:944 the other members of the genus Paenibacillus 928:971 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 5 60 theme major 495:499 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 519:540 diphosphatidylglycerol 519:540 diphosphatidylglycerol 519:540 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unknown aminophospholipids. 24215825 5 60 theme major 495:499 arg1 lipids 507:512 The major polar lipids 491:512 The major polar lipids 491:512 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unknown aminophospholipids. 24215825 7 61 theme phylogenetic 739:750 arg1 analysis 752:759 phylogenetic analysis 739:759 phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 739:795 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 6 62 contain contained 621:629 arg2 acid 651:654 meso-diaminopimelic acid 631:654 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 631:685 Strain ES3-24(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the DNA G+C content was 49.6 mol%. 24215825 6 62 contain contained 621:629 arg1 T 618:618 T 618:618 T 618:618 Strain ES3-24(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the DNA G+C content was 49.6 mol%. 24215825 6 62 contain contained 621:629 arg1 ES3-24 611:616 Strain ES3-24 604:616 Strain ES3-24(T) 604:619 Strain ES3-24(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the DNA G+C content was 49.6 mol%. 24215825 9 63 theme strain 1136:1141 arg1 T 1150:1150 T 1150:1150 T 1150:1150 In addition, strain ES3-24(T) showed obvious differences from closely related species in major polar lipids, nitrate reduction and other physiological and biochemical characteristics. 24215825 9 63 theme strain 1136:1141 arg1 ES3-24 1143:1148 strain ES3-24 1136:1148 strain ES3-24(T) 1136:1151 In addition, strain ES3-24(T) showed obvious differences from closely related species in major polar lipids, nitrate reduction and other physiological and biochemical characteristics. 24215825 0 64 dep sp 31:32 arg1 selenitireducens 14:29 Paenibacillus selenitireducens 0:29 Paenibacillus selenitireducens 0:29 Paenibacillus selenitireducens sp. 24215825 12 65 theme T 1552:1552 arg1 AB2013097 1563:1571  = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097 1538:1571  = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097(T) 1538:1574 The type strain is ES3-24(T) ( = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097(T)). 24215825 12 65 theme T 1552:1552 arg1 T 1573:1573 T 1573:1573 T 1573:1573 The type strain is ES3-24(T) ( = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097(T)). 24215825 12 65 theme T 1552:1552 arg1 ES3-24 1527:1532 ES3-24 1527:1532 ES3-24 1527:1532 The type strain is ES3-24(T) ( = KCTC 33157(T) = CCTCC AB2013097(T)). 24215825 7 66 contain had 973:975 arg2 identities 1000:1009 16S rRNA gene sequence identities 977:1009 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0% 977:1028 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 7 66 contain had 973:975 arg1 members 938:944 the other members 928:944 the other members of the genus Paenibacillus 928:971 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 4 67 theme fatty 417:421 arg1 acids 423:427 the predominant fatty acids 401:427 the predominant fatty acids (>5%) 401:433 The major menaquinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the predominant fatty acids (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24215825 4 67 theme fatty 417:421 arg1 % 432:432 >5% 430:432 >5% 430:432 The major menaquinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the predominant fatty acids (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24215825 4 67 theme fatty 417:421 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 440:452 anteiso-C15:0 440:452 anteiso-C15:0 440:452 The major menaquinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the predominant fatty acids (>5%) were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24215825 2 68 theme mineral 238:244 arg1 soil 246:249 a selenium mineral soil 227:249 a selenium mineral soil 227:249 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain ES3-24(T), was isolated from a selenium mineral soil. 24215825 6 69 theme meso-diaminopimelic 631:649 arg1 acid 651:654 meso-diaminopimelic acid 631:654 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 631:685 Strain ES3-24(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the DNA G+C content was 49.6 mol%. 24215825 9 70 theme other 1254:1258 arg1 characteristics 1290:1304 other physiological and biochemical characteristics 1254:1304 other physiological and biochemical characteristics 1254:1304 In addition, strain ES3-24(T) showed obvious differences from closely related species in major polar lipids, nitrate reduction and other physiological and biochemical characteristics. 24215825 3 71 theme peritrichous 327:338 arg1 flagella 340:347 peritrichous flagella 327:347 peritrichous flagella 327:347 The isolate was endospore-forming, nitrate-reducing and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 24215825 7 72 with related 832:838 arg1 identity 903:910 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 880:910 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3% 880:919 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 2 73 theme selenium 229:236 arg1 soil 246:249 a selenium mineral soil 227:249 a selenium mineral soil 227:249 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain ES3-24(T), was isolated from a selenium mineral soil. 24215825 6 74 theme mol 720:722 arg1 % 723:723 49.6 mol% 715:723 49.6 mol% 715:723 Strain ES3-24(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the DNA G+C content was 49.6 mol%. 24215825 6 74 theme mol 720:722 arg1 content 703:709 the DNA G+C content 691:709 the DNA G+C content 691:709 Strain ES3-24(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the DNA G+C content was 49.6 mol%. 24215825 10 75 theme Paenibacillus 1455:1467 arg1 selenitireducens 1469:1484 the name Paenibacillus selenitireducens 1446:1484 the name Paenibacillus selenitireducens 1446:1484 The data from our polyphasic taxonomic study reveal that strain ES3-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus selenitireducens sp. 24215825 7 76 theme Paenibacillus 843:855 arg1 T 871:871 T 871:871 T 871:871 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 7 76 theme Paenibacillus 843:855 arg1 A35 867:869 Paenibacillus terrigena A35 843:869 Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T) 843:872 According to phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain ES3-24(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus terrigena A35(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.3%, while the other members of the genus Paenibacillus had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of less than 95.0%. 24215825 9 77 theme physiological 1260:1272 arg1 characteristics 1290:1304 other physiological and biochemical characteristics 1254:1304 other physiological and biochemical characteristics 1254:1304 In addition, strain ES3-24(T) showed obvious differences from closely related species in major polar lipids, nitrate reduction and other physiological and biochemical characteristics. 28073382 0 0 theme real-time 84:92 arg1 PCR 94:96 real-time PCR 84:96 real-time PCR 84:96 A retrospective study comparing agar plate culture, indirect immunofluorescence and real-time PCR for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. 28073382 4 1 theme coproculture 501:512 arg1 sensitivity 475:485 the sensitivity 471:485 the sensitivity of agar plate coproculture (APC), an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) 471:562 In this retrospective study, we compared the sensitivity of agar plate coproculture (APC), an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and an in-house RT-PCR for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. 28073382 4 1 theme coproculture 501:512 arg1 RT-PCR 580:585 an in-house RT-PCR 568:585 an in-house RT-PCR for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection 568:631 In this retrospective study, we compared the sensitivity of agar plate coproculture (APC), an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and an in-house RT-PCR for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. 28073382 7 2 theme composite 808:816 arg1 reference 818:826 a composite reference 806:826 a composite reference standard 806:835 When sensitivity was calculated against a composite reference standard, serology confirmed the best performance (sensitivity 95%), followed by RT-PCR (57%) and APC (45%). 28073382 4 3 theme plate 495:499 arg1 test 552:555 an in-house immunofluorescence test 521:555 an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) 521:562 In this retrospective study, we compared the sensitivity of agar plate coproculture (APC), an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and an in-house RT-PCR for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. 28073382 4 3 theme plate 495:499 arg1 APC 515:517 APC 515:517 APC 515:517 In this retrospective study, we compared the sensitivity of agar plate coproculture (APC), an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and an in-house RT-PCR for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. 28073382 4 3 theme plate 495:499 arg1 coproculture 501:512 agar plate coproculture 490:512 agar plate coproculture (APC) 490:518 In this retrospective study, we compared the sensitivity of agar plate coproculture (APC), an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and an in-house RT-PCR for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. 28073382 9 4 theme confirmatory 1150:1161 arg1 role 1142:1145 a role 1140:1145 a role 1140:1145 Both methods can have a role as confirmatory tests for selected cases. 28073382 9 4 theme confirmatory 1150:1161 arg1 tests 1163:1167 confirmatory tests 1150:1167 confirmatory tests for selected cases 1150:1186 Both methods can have a role as confirmatory tests for selected cases. 28073382 4 5 theme infection 623:631 arg1 diagnosis 595:603 the diagnosis 591:603 the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection 591:631 In this retrospective study, we compared the sensitivity of agar plate coproculture (APC), an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and an in-house RT-PCR for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. 28073382 3 6 theme diagnostic 356:365 arg1 method 367:372 a novel, promising diagnostic method 337:372 a novel, promising diagnostic method 337:372 The real-time polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a novel, promising diagnostic method, that detects the DNA of the parasite in stool samples. 28073382 3 6 theme diagnostic 356:365 arg1 reaction 316:323 The real-time polymerase-chain reaction 285:323 The real-time polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) 285:332 The real-time polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a novel, promising diagnostic method, that detects the DNA of the parasite in stool samples. 28073382 0 7 theme plate 37:41 arg1 culture 43:49 agar plate culture 32:49 agar plate culture 32:49 A retrospective study comparing agar plate culture, indirect immunofluorescence and real-time PCR for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. 28073382 7 8 theme sensitivity 879:889 arg1 performance 866:876 the best performance 857:876 the best performance (sensitivity 95%) 857:894 When sensitivity was calculated against a composite reference standard, serology confirmed the best performance (sensitivity 95%), followed by RT-PCR (57%) and APC (45%). 28073382 7 8 theme sensitivity 879:889 arg1 % 893:893 sensitivity 95% 879:893 sensitivity 95% 879:893 When sensitivity was calculated against a composite reference standard, serology confirmed the best performance (sensitivity 95%), followed by RT-PCR (57%) and APC (45%). 28073382 8 9 theme APC 1042:1044 arg1 combination 1027:1037 the combination 1023:1037 the combination of APC and RT-PCR 1023:1055 In conclusion, in a non-endemic setting, serology is the best screening method, while the combination of APC and RT-PCR does not seem a reasonable approach to increase sensitivity. 28073382 4 10 theme stercoralis 611:621 arg1 infection 623:631 S. stercoralis infection 608:631 S. stercoralis infection 608:631 In this retrospective study, we compared the sensitivity of agar plate coproculture (APC), an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and an in-house RT-PCR for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. 28073382 0 11 theme retrospective 2:14 arg1 study 16:20 A retrospective study 0:20 A retrospective study 0:20 A retrospective study comparing agar plate culture, indirect immunofluorescence and real-time PCR for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. 28073382 9 12 theme selected 1173:1180 arg1 cases 1182:1186 selected cases 1173:1186 selected cases 1173:1186 Both methods can have a role as confirmatory tests for selected cases. 28073382 8 13 theme screening 999:1007 arg1 method 1009:1014 the best screening method 990:1014 the best screening method 990:1014 In conclusion, in a non-endemic setting, serology is the best screening method, while the combination of APC and RT-PCR does not seem a reasonable approach to increase sensitivity. 28073382 8 13 theme screening 999:1007 arg1 serology 978:985 serology 978:985 serology 978:985 In conclusion, in a non-endemic setting, serology is the best screening method, while the combination of APC and RT-PCR does not seem a reasonable approach to increase sensitivity. 28073382 9 14 contain have 1135:1138 arg2 tests 1163:1167 confirmatory tests 1150:1167 confirmatory tests for selected cases 1150:1186 Both methods can have a role as confirmatory tests for selected cases. 28073382 9 14 contain have 1135:1138 arg1 methods 1123:1129 Both methods 1118:1129 Both methods 1118:1129 Both methods can have a role as confirmatory tests for selected cases. 28073382 9 14 contain have 1135:1138 arg2 role 1142:1145 a role 1140:1145 a role 1140:1145 Both methods can have a role as confirmatory tests for selected cases. 28073382 3 15 theme stool 415:419 arg1 samples 421:427 stool samples 415:427 stool samples 415:427 The real-time polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a novel, promising diagnostic method, that detects the DNA of the parasite in stool samples. 28073382 3 16 dep novel 339:343 arg1 promising 346:354 promising 346:354 promising 346:354 The real-time polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a novel, promising diagnostic method, that detects the DNA of the parasite in stool samples. 28073382 4 17 theme in-house 524:531 arg1 coproculture 501:512 agar plate coproculture 490:512 agar plate coproculture (APC) 490:518 In this retrospective study, we compared the sensitivity of agar plate coproculture (APC), an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and an in-house RT-PCR for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. 28073382 4 17 theme in-house 524:531 arg1 IFAT 558:561 IFAT 558:561 IFAT 558:561 In this retrospective study, we compared the sensitivity of agar plate coproculture (APC), an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and an in-house RT-PCR for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. 28073382 4 17 theme in-house 524:531 arg1 test 552:555 an in-house immunofluorescence test 521:555 an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) 521:562 In this retrospective study, we compared the sensitivity of agar plate coproculture (APC), an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and an in-house RT-PCR for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. 28073382 3 18 theme real-time 289:297 arg1 method 367:372 a novel, promising diagnostic method 337:372 a novel, promising diagnostic method 337:372 The real-time polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a novel, promising diagnostic method, that detects the DNA of the parasite in stool samples. 28073382 3 18 theme real-time 289:297 arg1 RT-PCR 326:331 RT-PCR 326:331 RT-PCR 326:331 The real-time polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a novel, promising diagnostic method, that detects the DNA of the parasite in stool samples. 28073382 3 18 theme real-time 289:297 arg1 reaction 316:323 The real-time polymerase-chain reaction 285:323 The real-time polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) 285:332 The real-time polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a novel, promising diagnostic method, that detects the DNA of the parasite in stool samples. 28073382 8 19 theme RT-PCR 1050:1055 arg1 combination 1027:1037 the combination 1023:1037 the combination of APC and RT-PCR 1023:1055 In conclusion, in a non-endemic setting, serology is the best screening method, while the combination of APC and RT-PCR does not seem a reasonable approach to increase sensitivity. 28073382 3 20 theme polymerase-chain 299:314 arg1 method 367:372 a novel, promising diagnostic method 337:372 a novel, promising diagnostic method 337:372 The real-time polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a novel, promising diagnostic method, that detects the DNA of the parasite in stool samples. 28073382 3 20 theme polymerase-chain 299:314 arg1 RT-PCR 326:331 RT-PCR 326:331 RT-PCR 326:331 The real-time polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a novel, promising diagnostic method, that detects the DNA of the parasite in stool samples. 28073382 3 20 theme polymerase-chain 299:314 arg1 reaction 316:323 The real-time polymerase-chain reaction 285:323 The real-time polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) 285:332 The real-time polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a novel, promising diagnostic method, that detects the DNA of the parasite in stool samples. 28073382 4 21 theme retrospective 438:450 arg1 study 452:456 this retrospective study 433:456 this retrospective study 433:456 In this retrospective study, we compared the sensitivity of agar plate coproculture (APC), an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and an in-house RT-PCR for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. 28073382 3 22 theme parasite 403:410 arg1 DNA 392:394 the DNA 388:394 the DNA of the parasite 388:410 The real-time polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a novel, promising diagnostic method, that detects the DNA of the parasite in stool samples. 28073382 4 23 theme immunofluorescence 533:550 arg1 coproculture 501:512 agar plate coproculture 490:512 agar plate coproculture (APC) 490:518 In this retrospective study, we compared the sensitivity of agar plate coproculture (APC), an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and an in-house RT-PCR for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. 28073382 4 23 theme immunofluorescence 533:550 arg1 IFAT 558:561 IFAT 558:561 IFAT 558:561 In this retrospective study, we compared the sensitivity of agar plate coproculture (APC), an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and an in-house RT-PCR for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. 28073382 4 23 theme immunofluorescence 533:550 arg1 test 552:555 an in-house immunofluorescence test 521:555 an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) 521:562 In this retrospective study, we compared the sensitivity of agar plate coproculture (APC), an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and an in-house RT-PCR for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. 28073382 0 24 theme infection 145:153 arg1 diagnosis 106:114 the diagnosis 102:114 the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection 102:153 A retrospective study comparing agar plate culture, indirect immunofluorescence and real-time PCR for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. 28073382 8 25 from method 1009:1014 arg1 setting 969:975 a non-endemic setting 955:975 a non-endemic setting 955:975 In conclusion, in a non-endemic setting, serology is the best screening method, while the combination of APC and RT-PCR does not seem a reasonable approach to increase sensitivity. 28073382 8 25 from method 1009:1014 arg1 conclusion 940:949 conclusion 940:949 conclusion 940:949 In conclusion, in a non-endemic setting, serology is the best screening method, while the combination of APC and RT-PCR does not seem a reasonable approach to increase sensitivity. 28073382 2 26 theme proper 248:253 arg1 diagnosis 255:263 A proper diagnosis 246:263 A proper diagnosis 246:263 A proper diagnosis is hence essential. 28073382 2 26 theme proper 248:253 arg1 essential 274:282 essential 274:282 essential 274:282 A proper diagnosis is hence essential. 28073382 4 27 theme S. 608:609 arg1 infection 623:631 S. stercoralis infection 608:631 S. stercoralis infection 608:631 In this retrospective study, we compared the sensitivity of agar plate coproculture (APC), an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and an in-house RT-PCR for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. 28073382 0 28 theme agar 32:35 arg1 culture 43:49 agar plate culture 32:49 agar plate culture 32:49 A retrospective study comparing agar plate culture, indirect immunofluorescence and real-time PCR for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. 28073382 0 29 theme stercoralis 133:143 arg1 infection 145:153 Strongyloides stercoralis infection 119:153 Strongyloides stercoralis infection 119:153 A retrospective study comparing agar plate culture, indirect immunofluorescence and real-time PCR for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. 28073382 1 30 theme immunocompromised 220:236 arg1 people 238:243 immunocompromised people 220:243 immunocompromised people 220:243 Strongyloides stercoralis is a parasite that can cause death in immunocompromised people. 28073382 8 31 theme reasonable 1073:1082 arg1 approach 1084:1091 a reasonable approach 1071:1091 a reasonable approach to increase sensitivity 1071:1115 In conclusion, in a non-endemic setting, serology is the best screening method, while the combination of APC and RT-PCR does not seem a reasonable approach to increase sensitivity. 28073382 5 32 theme study 638:642 arg1 sample 644:649 The study sample 634:649 The study sample 634:649 The study sample was composed by 223 samples. 28073382 8 33 theme best 994:997 arg1 method 1009:1014 the best screening method 990:1014 the best screening method 990:1014 In conclusion, in a non-endemic setting, serology is the best screening method, while the combination of APC and RT-PCR does not seem a reasonable approach to increase sensitivity. 28073382 8 33 theme best 994:997 arg1 serology 978:985 serology 978:985 serology 978:985 In conclusion, in a non-endemic setting, serology is the best screening method, while the combination of APC and RT-PCR does not seem a reasonable approach to increase sensitivity. 28073382 8 34 theme non-endemic 957:967 arg1 setting 969:975 a non-endemic setting 955:975 a non-endemic setting 955:975 In conclusion, in a non-endemic setting, serology is the best screening method, while the combination of APC and RT-PCR does not seem a reasonable approach to increase sensitivity. 28073382 0 35 theme Strongyloides 119:131 arg1 infection 145:153 Strongyloides stercoralis infection 119:153 Strongyloides stercoralis infection 119:153 A retrospective study comparing agar plate culture, indirect immunofluorescence and real-time PCR for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. 28073382 7 36 theme best 861:864 arg1 performance 866:876 the best performance 857:876 the best performance (sensitivity 95%) 857:894 When sensitivity was calculated against a composite reference standard, serology confirmed the best performance (sensitivity 95%), followed by RT-PCR (57%) and APC (45%). 28073382 7 36 theme best 861:864 arg1 % 893:893 sensitivity 95% 879:893 sensitivity 95% 879:893 When sensitivity was calculated against a composite reference standard, serology confirmed the best performance (sensitivity 95%), followed by RT-PCR (57%) and APC (45%). 28073382 4 37 theme in-house 571:578 arg1 RT-PCR 580:585 an in-house RT-PCR 568:585 an in-house RT-PCR for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection 568:631 In this retrospective study, we compared the sensitivity of agar plate coproculture (APC), an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and an in-house RT-PCR for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. 28073382 3 38 theme novel 339:343 arg1 method 367:372 a novel, promising diagnostic method 337:372 a novel, promising diagnostic method 337:372 The real-time polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a novel, promising diagnostic method, that detects the DNA of the parasite in stool samples. 28073382 3 38 theme novel 339:343 arg1 reaction 316:323 The real-time polymerase-chain reaction 285:323 The real-time polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) 285:332 The real-time polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a novel, promising diagnostic method, that detects the DNA of the parasite in stool samples. 28073382 0 39 theme indirect 52:59 arg1 immunofluorescence 61:78 indirect immunofluorescence 52:78 indirect immunofluorescence 52:78 A retrospective study comparing agar plate culture, indirect immunofluorescence and real-time PCR for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. 28073382 4 40 theme agar 490:493 arg1 test 552:555 an in-house immunofluorescence test 521:555 an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) 521:562 In this retrospective study, we compared the sensitivity of agar plate coproculture (APC), an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and an in-house RT-PCR for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. 28073382 4 40 theme agar 490:493 arg1 APC 515:517 APC 515:517 APC 515:517 In this retrospective study, we compared the sensitivity of agar plate coproculture (APC), an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and an in-house RT-PCR for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. 28073382 4 40 theme agar 490:493 arg1 coproculture 501:512 agar plate coproculture 490:512 agar plate coproculture (APC) 490:518 In this retrospective study, we compared the sensitivity of agar plate coproculture (APC), an in-house immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and an in-house RT-PCR for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. 28073382 1 41 theme Strongyloides 156:168 arg1 stercoralis 170:180 Strongyloides stercoralis 156:180 Strongyloides stercoralis 156:180 Strongyloides stercoralis is a parasite that can cause death in immunocompromised people. 28073382 1 41 theme Strongyloides 156:168 arg1 parasite 187:194 a parasite 185:194 a parasite that can cause death in immunocompromised people 185:243 Strongyloides stercoralis is a parasite that can cause death in immunocompromised people. 28073382 7 42 theme standard 828:835 arg1 reference 818:826 a composite reference 806:826 a composite reference standard 806:835 When sensitivity was calculated against a composite reference standard, serology confirmed the best performance (sensitivity 95%), followed by RT-PCR (57%) and APC (45%). 27151144 3 0 theme optimal 326:332 arg1 20-37 °C 316:323 20-37 °C 316:323 20-37 °C 316:323 Strain CC-RT-ET was Gram-stain-variable and facultatively anaerobic, able to grow at 20-37 °C (optimal 30 °C) and pH6.0-9.0 (optimal pH 7.0). 27151144 3 0 theme optimal 326:332 arg1 30 °C 334:338 optimal 30 °C 326:338 optimal 30 °C 326:338 Strain CC-RT-ET was Gram-stain-variable and facultatively anaerobic, able to grow at 20-37 °C (optimal 30 °C) and pH6.0-9.0 (optimal pH 7.0). 27151144 3 1 theme Strain 231:236 arg1 CC-RT-ET 238:245 Strain CC-RT-ET 231:245 Strain CC-RT-ET 231:245 Strain CC-RT-ET was Gram-stain-variable and facultatively anaerobic, able to grow at 20-37 °C (optimal 30 °C) and pH6.0-9.0 (optimal pH 7.0). 27151144 6 2 theme Ammoniphilus 731:742 arg1 RAOx-1T 755:761 Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T 731:761 Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T 731:761 According to the DNA-DNA hybridization, the relatedness values of strain CC-RT-ET with Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T were 21 % and 29 %, respectively. 27151144 6 3 theme DNA-DNA 623:629 arg1 hybridization 631:643 the DNA-DNA hybridization 619:643 the DNA-DNA hybridization 619:643 According to the DNA-DNA hybridization, the relatedness values of strain CC-RT-ET with Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T were 21 % and 29 %, respectively. 27151144 12 4 theme Ammoniphilus 1551:1562 arg1 resinaesp 1564:1572 the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp 1542:1572 the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp 1542:1572 Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-RT-ET is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ammoniphilus, for which the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp. 27151144 5 5 theme 16S 428:430 arg1 rRNA 432:435 The 16S rRNA 424:435 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-RT-ET 424:477 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-RT-ET showed highest sequence similarity to Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST (97.8 %) and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T (97.7 %). 27151144 12 6 theme name 1546:1549 arg1 resinaesp 1564:1572 the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp 1542:1572 the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp 1542:1572 Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-RT-ET is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ammoniphilus, for which the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp. 27151144 11 7 located found 1208:1212 arg2 C14  1238:1241 C14  1238:1241 C14  1238:1241 The major fatty acids found in strain CC-RT-ET were C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c. 27151144 11 7 located found 1208:1212 arg1 CC-RT-ET 1224:1231 strain CC-RT-ET 1217:1231 strain CC-RT-ET 1217:1231 The major fatty acids found in strain CC-RT-ET were C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c. 27151144 11 7 located found 1208:1212 arg2 acids 1202:1206 The major fatty acids 1186:1206 The major fatty acids found in strain CC-RT-ET 1186:1231 The major fatty acids found in strain CC-RT-ET were C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c. 27151144 12 8 theme phenotypic 1339:1348 arg1 traits 1369:1374 the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits 1312:1374 the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1312:1443 Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-RT-ET is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ammoniphilus, for which the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp. 27151144 4 9 theme terminal 389:396 arg1 endospores 398:407 Ellipsoidal and terminal endospores 373:407 Ellipsoidal and terminal endospores 373:407 Ellipsoidal and terminal endospores were observed. 27151144 12 10 theme analysis 1436:1443 arg1 results 1390:1396 results 1390:1396 results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1390:1443 Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-RT-ET is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ammoniphilus, for which the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp. 27151144 5 11 theme rRNA 432:435 arg1 analysis 451:458 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 424:458 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-RT-ET 424:477 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-RT-ET showed highest sequence similarity to Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST (97.8 %) and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T (97.7 %). 27151144 8 12 theme lipid 908:912 arg1 profile 914:920 The major polar lipid profile 892:920 The major polar lipid profile 892:920 The major polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylmethylethanolamine. 27151144 12 13 theme sequence 1427:1434 arg1 analysis 1436:1443 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1401:1443 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1401:1443 Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-RT-ET is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ammoniphilus, for which the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp. 27151144 5 14 theme sequence 494:501 arg1 similarity 503:512 highest sequence similarity 486:512 highest sequence similarity 486:512 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-RT-ET showed highest sequence similarity to Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST (97.8 %) and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T (97.7 %). 27151144 6 15 theme Ammoniphilus 693:704 arg1 RAOx-FST 718:725 Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST 693:725 Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST 693:725 According to the DNA-DNA hybridization, the relatedness values of strain CC-RT-ET with Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T were 21 % and 29 %, respectively. 27151144 2 16 theme endospore-forming 143:159 arg1 bacterium 161:169 an endospore-forming bacterium 140:169 an endospore-forming bacterium 140:169 A polyphasic approach was used to characterize an endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC-RT-ET, isolated from resin fragments. 27151144 12 17 theme novel 1491:1495 arg1 species 1497:1503 a novel species 1489:1503 a novel species 1489:1503 Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-RT-ET is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ammoniphilus, for which the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp. 27151144 12 18 theme strain 1446:1451 arg1 CC-RT-ET 1453:1460 strain CC-RT-ET 1446:1460 strain CC-RT-ET 1446:1460 Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-RT-ET is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ammoniphilus, for which the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp. 27151144 5 19 dep Ammoniphilus 564:575 arg1 oxalaticus 577:586 oxalaticus 577:586 oxalaticus 577:586 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-RT-ET showed highest sequence similarity to Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST (97.8 %) and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T (97.7 %). 27151144 12 20 theme distinct 1316:1323 arg1 traits 1369:1374 the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits 1312:1374 the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1312:1443 Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-RT-ET is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ammoniphilus, for which the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp. 27151144 10 21 theme putrescine 1174:1183 arg1 predominance 1135:1146 predominance 1135:1146 predominance of sym-homospermidine and putrescine 1135:1183 The polyamine pattern showed predominance of sym-homospermidine and putrescine. 27151144 1 22 theme resin 76:80 arg1 fragments 82:90 resin fragments 76:90 resin fragments 76:90 nov., an endospore-forming bacterium isolated from resin fragments. 27151144 0 23 theme resinae 13:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Ammoniphilus resinae sp 0:22 Ammoniphilus resinae sp. 0:23 Ammoniphilus resinae sp. 27151144 7 24 theme DNA 801:803 arg1 % 829:829 39.2 mol% 821:829 39.2 mol% 821:829 The DNA G+C content was 39.2 mol% and the predominant quinone system was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 27151144 7 24 theme DNA 801:803 arg1 content 809:815 The DNA G+C content 797:815 The DNA G+C content 797:815 The DNA G+C content was 39.2 mol% and the predominant quinone system was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 27151144 14 25 theme 80314T=DSM 1628:1637 arg1 24738T 1639:1644 =BCRC 80314T=DSM 24738T 1622:1644 =BCRC 80314T=DSM 24738T 1622:1644 The type strain is CC-RT-ET (=BCRC 80314T=DSM 24738T). 27151144 14 25 theme 80314T=DSM 1628:1637 arg1 CC-RT-ET 1612:1619 CC-RT-ET 1612:1619 CC-RT-ET (=BCRC 80314T=DSM 24738T) 1612:1645 The type strain is CC-RT-ET (=BCRC 80314T=DSM 24738T). 27151144 6 26 dep Ammoniphilus 693:704 arg1 oxalivorans 706:716 oxalivorans 706:716 oxalivorans 706:716 According to the DNA-DNA hybridization, the relatedness values of strain CC-RT-ET with Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T were 21 % and 29 %, respectively. 27151144 12 27 theme 16S 1413:1415 arg1 analysis 1436:1443 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1401:1443 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1401:1443 Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-RT-ET is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ammoniphilus, for which the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp. 27151144 5 28 theme Ammoniphilus 517:528 arg1 RAOx-FST 542:549 Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST 517:549 Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST (97.8 %) 517:558 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-RT-ET showed highest sequence similarity to Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST (97.8 %) and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T (97.7 %). 27151144 5 28 theme Ammoniphilus 517:528 arg1 % 557:557 97.8 % 552:557 97.8 % 552:557 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-RT-ET showed highest sequence similarity to Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST (97.8 %) and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T (97.7 %). 27151144 0 29 theme Ammoniphilus 0:11 arg1 sp 21:22 Ammoniphilus resinae sp 0:22 Ammoniphilus resinae sp. 0:23 Ammoniphilus resinae sp. 27151144 7 30 theme G+C 805:807 arg1 % 829:829 39.2 mol% 821:829 39.2 mol% 821:829 The DNA G+C content was 39.2 mol% and the predominant quinone system was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 27151144 7 30 theme G+C 805:807 arg1 content 809:815 The DNA G+C content 797:815 The DNA G+C content 797:815 The DNA G+C content was 39.2 mol% and the predominant quinone system was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 27151144 12 31 theme genus 1512:1516 arg1 Ammoniphilus 1518:1529 the genus Ammoniphilus 1508:1529 the genus Ammoniphilus 1508:1529 Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-RT-ET is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ammoniphilus, for which the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp. 27151144 12 32 theme comparative 1401:1411 arg1 analysis 1436:1443 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1401:1443 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1401:1443 Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-RT-ET is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ammoniphilus, for which the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp. 27151144 5 33 theme strain 463:468 arg1 CC-RT-ET 470:477 strain CC-RT-ET 463:477 strain CC-RT-ET 463:477 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-RT-ET showed highest sequence similarity to Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST (97.8 %) and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T (97.7 %). 27151144 2 34 attach isolated 200:207 arg2 bacterium 161:169 an endospore-forming bacterium 140:169 an endospore-forming bacterium 140:169 A polyphasic approach was used to characterize an endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC-RT-ET, isolated from resin fragments. 27151144 2 34 attach isolated 200:207 arg1 fragments 220:228 resin fragments 214:228 resin fragments 214:228 A polyphasic approach was used to characterize an endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC-RT-ET, isolated from resin fragments. 27151144 4 35 theme Ellipsoidal 373:383 arg1 endospores 398:407 Ellipsoidal and terminal endospores 373:407 Ellipsoidal and terminal endospores 373:407 Ellipsoidal and terminal endospores were observed. 27151144 12 36 theme gene 1422:1425 arg1 analysis 1436:1443 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1401:1443 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1401:1443 Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-RT-ET is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ammoniphilus, for which the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp. 27151144 5 37 theme CC-RT-ET 470:477 arg1 analysis 451:458 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 424:458 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-RT-ET 424:477 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-RT-ET showed highest sequence similarity to Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST (97.8 %) and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T (97.7 %). 27151144 7 38 theme 39.2 821:824 arg1 mol 826:828 mol 826:828 mol 826:828 The DNA G+C content was 39.2 mol% and the predominant quinone system was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 27151144 6 39 theme strain 672:677 arg1 CC-RT-ET 679:686 strain CC-RT-ET 672:686 strain CC-RT-ET with Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T 672:761 According to the DNA-DNA hybridization, the relatedness values of strain CC-RT-ET with Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T were 21 % and 29 %, respectively. 27151144 14 40 theme =BCRC 1622:1626 arg1 24738T 1639:1644 =BCRC 80314T=DSM 24738T 1622:1644 =BCRC 80314T=DSM 24738T 1622:1644 The type strain is CC-RT-ET (=BCRC 80314T=DSM 24738T). 27151144 14 40 theme =BCRC 1622:1626 arg1 CC-RT-ET 1612:1619 CC-RT-ET 1612:1619 CC-RT-ET (=BCRC 80314T=DSM 24738T) 1612:1645 The type strain is CC-RT-ET (=BCRC 80314T=DSM 24738T). 27151144 7 41 theme quinone 851:857 arg1 menaquinone-7 870:882 menaquinone-7 870:882 menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 870:889 The DNA G+C content was 39.2 mol% and the predominant quinone system was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 27151144 7 41 theme quinone 851:857 arg1 system 859:864 the predominant quinone system 835:864 the predominant quinone system 835:864 The DNA G+C content was 39.2 mol% and the predominant quinone system was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 27151144 2 42 theme strain 183:188 arg1 CC-RT-ET 190:197 strain CC-RT-ET 183:197 strain CC-RT-ET 183:197 A polyphasic approach was used to characterize an endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC-RT-ET, isolated from resin fragments. 27151144 8 43 theme major 896:900 arg1 profile 914:920 The major polar lipid profile 892:920 The major polar lipid profile 892:920 The major polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylmethylethanolamine. 27151144 5 44 theme highest 486:492 arg1 similarity 503:512 highest sequence similarity 486:512 highest sequence similarity 486:512 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-RT-ET showed highest sequence similarity to Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST (97.8 %) and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T (97.7 %). 27151144 3 45 dep Gram-stain-variable 251:269 arg1 able 300:303 able 300:303 able 300:303 Strain CC-RT-ET was Gram-stain-variable and facultatively anaerobic, able to grow at 20-37 °C (optimal 30 °C) and pH6.0-9.0 (optimal pH 7.0). 27151144 2 46 theme polyphasic 95:104 arg1 approach 106:113 A polyphasic approach 93:113 A polyphasic approach 93:113 A polyphasic approach was used to characterize an endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC-RT-ET, isolated from resin fragments. 27151144 9 47 contain contained 1070:1078 arg1 peptidoglycan 1056:1068 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1042:1068 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1042:1068 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27151144 9 47 contain contained 1070:1078 arg2 acid 1100:1103 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1080:1103 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1080:1103 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27151144 7 48 theme predominant 839:849 arg1 menaquinone-7 870:882 menaquinone-7 870:882 menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 870:889 The DNA G+C content was 39.2 mol% and the predominant quinone system was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 27151144 7 48 theme predominant 839:849 arg1 system 859:864 the predominant quinone system 835:864 the predominant quinone system 835:864 The DNA G+C content was 39.2 mol% and the predominant quinone system was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 27151144 2 49 used used 119:122 arg2 approach 106:113 A polyphasic approach 93:113 A polyphasic approach 93:113 A polyphasic approach was used to characterize an endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC-RT-ET, isolated from resin fragments. 27151144 11 50 dep C16  1280:1283 arg1  1ω6c 1296:1300  1ω6c 1296:1300  1ω6c 1296:1300 The major fatty acids found in strain CC-RT-ET were C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c. 27151144 11 50 dep C16  1280:1283 arg1  1ω7c/C16  1285:1294  1ω7c/C16  1285:1294  1ω7c/C16  1285:1294 The major fatty acids found in strain CC-RT-ET were C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c. 27151144 11 51 theme major 1190:1194 arg1 acids 1202:1206 The major fatty acids 1186:1206 The major fatty acids found in strain CC-RT-ET 1186:1231 The major fatty acids found in strain CC-RT-ET were C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c. 27151144 11 51 theme major 1190:1194 arg1 C14  1238:1241 C14  1238:1241 C14  1238:1241 The major fatty acids found in strain CC-RT-ET were C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c. 27151144 5 52 dep Ammoniphilus 517:528 arg1 oxalivorans 530:540 oxalivorans 530:540 oxalivorans 530:540 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-RT-ET showed highest sequence similarity to Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST (97.8 %) and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T (97.7 %). 27151144 11 53 dep C14  1238:1241 arg1  0 1273:1274  0 1273:1274 C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 1238:1274 The major fatty acids found in strain CC-RT-ET were C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c. 27151144 11 53 dep C14  1238:1241 arg1  0 1243:1244  0 1243:1244  0 1243:1244 The major fatty acids found in strain CC-RT-ET were C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c. 27151144 9 54 theme cell-wall 1046:1054 arg1 peptidoglycan 1056:1068 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1042:1068 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1042:1068 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27151144 12 55 theme phylogenetic 1325:1336 arg1 traits 1369:1374 the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits 1312:1374 the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1312:1443 Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-RT-ET is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ammoniphilus, for which the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp. 27151144 2 56 theme resin 214:218 arg1 fragments 220:228 resin fragments 214:228 resin fragments 214:228 A polyphasic approach was used to characterize an endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC-RT-ET, isolated from resin fragments. 27151144 11 57 theme fatty 1196:1200 arg1 acids 1202:1206 The major fatty acids 1186:1206 The major fatty acids found in strain CC-RT-ET 1186:1231 The major fatty acids found in strain CC-RT-ET were C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c. 27151144 11 57 theme fatty 1196:1200 arg1 C14  1238:1241 C14  1238:1241 C14  1238:1241 The major fatty acids found in strain CC-RT-ET were C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c. 27151144 5 58 theme gene 437:440 arg1 analysis 451:458 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 424:458 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-RT-ET 424:477 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-RT-ET showed highest sequence similarity to Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST (97.8 %) and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T (97.7 %). 27151144 11 59 theme strain 1217:1222 arg1 CC-RT-ET 1224:1231 strain CC-RT-ET 1217:1231 strain CC-RT-ET 1217:1231 The major fatty acids found in strain CC-RT-ET were C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c. 27151144 10 60 theme polyamine 1110:1118 arg1 pattern 1120:1126 The polyamine pattern 1106:1126 The polyamine pattern 1106:1126 The polyamine pattern showed predominance of sym-homospermidine and putrescine. 27151144 5 61 theme Ammoniphilus 564:575 arg1 RAOx-1T 588:594 Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T 564:594 Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T (97.7 %) 564:603 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-RT-ET showed highest sequence similarity to Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST (97.8 %) and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T (97.7 %). 27151144 5 61 theme Ammoniphilus 564:575 arg1 % 602:602 97.7 % 597:602 97.7 % 597:602 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-RT-ET showed highest sequence similarity to Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST (97.8 %) and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T (97.7 %). 27151144 11 62 dep  0 1243:1244 arg1  0 1256:1257  0 1256:1257  0 1256:1257 The major fatty acids found in strain CC-RT-ET were C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c. 27151144 5 63 theme sequence 442:449 arg1 analysis 451:458 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 424:458 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-RT-ET 424:477 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-RT-ET showed highest sequence similarity to Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST (97.8 %) and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T (97.7 %). 27151144 12 64 theme rRNA 1417:1420 arg1 analysis 1436:1443 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1401:1443 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1401:1443 Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-RT-ET is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ammoniphilus, for which the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp. 27151144 6 65 with CC-RT-ET 679:686 arg1 RAOx-1T 755:761 Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T 731:761 Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T 731:761 According to the DNA-DNA hybridization, the relatedness values of strain CC-RT-ET with Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T were 21 % and 29 %, respectively. 27151144 6 65 with CC-RT-ET 679:686 arg1 RAOx-FST 718:725 Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST 693:725 Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST 693:725 According to the DNA-DNA hybridization, the relatedness values of strain CC-RT-ET with Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T were 21 % and 29 %, respectively. 27151144 12 66 theme Ammoniphilus 1518:1529 arg1 species 1497:1503 a novel species 1489:1503 a novel species 1489:1503 Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-RT-ET is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ammoniphilus, for which the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp. 27151144 8 67 theme polar 902:906 arg1 profile 914:920 The major polar lipid profile 892:920 The major polar lipid profile 892:920 The major polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylmethylethanolamine. 27151144 6 68 theme CC-RT-ET 679:686 arg1 % 771:771 21 % 768:771 21 % 768:771 According to the DNA-DNA hybridization, the relatedness values of strain CC-RT-ET with Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T were 21 % and 29 %, respectively. 27151144 6 68 theme CC-RT-ET 679:686 arg1 values 662:667 the relatedness values 646:667 the relatedness values of strain CC-RT-ET with Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T 646:761 According to the DNA-DNA hybridization, the relatedness values of strain CC-RT-ET with Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T were 21 % and 29 %, respectively. 27151144 9 69 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1080:1098 arg1 acid 1100:1103 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1080:1103 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1080:1103 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27151144 6 70 dep Ammoniphilus 731:742 arg1 oxalaticus 744:753 oxalaticus 744:753 oxalaticus 744:753 According to the DNA-DNA hybridization, the relatedness values of strain CC-RT-ET with Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T were 21 % and 29 %, respectively. 27151144 6 71 theme relatedness 650:660 arg1 % 771:771 21 % 768:771 21 % 768:771 According to the DNA-DNA hybridization, the relatedness values of strain CC-RT-ET with Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T were 21 % and 29 %, respectively. 27151144 6 71 theme relatedness 650:660 arg1 values 662:667 the relatedness values 646:667 the relatedness values of strain CC-RT-ET with Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T 646:761 According to the DNA-DNA hybridization, the relatedness values of strain CC-RT-ET with Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T were 21 % and 29 %, respectively. 27151144 12 72 theme chemotaxonomic 1354:1367 arg1 traits 1369:1374 the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits 1312:1374 the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1312:1443 Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-RT-ET is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ammoniphilus, for which the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp. 27151144 10 73 theme sym-homospermidine 1151:1168 arg1 predominance 1135:1146 predominance 1135:1146 predominance of sym-homospermidine and putrescine 1135:1183 The polyamine pattern showed predominance of sym-homospermidine and putrescine. 27151144 1 74 theme endospore-forming 34:50 arg1 bacterium 52:60 an endospore-forming bacterium 31:60 an endospore-forming bacterium 31:60 nov., an endospore-forming bacterium isolated from resin fragments. 27151144 1 74 theme endospore-forming 34:50 arg1 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov., an endospore-forming bacterium isolated from resin fragments. 27151144 14 75 theme type 1597:1600 arg1 strain 1602:1607 The type strain 1593:1607 The type strain 1593:1607 The type strain is CC-RT-ET (=BCRC 80314T=DSM 24738T). 27151144 14 75 theme type 1597:1600 arg1 CC-RT-ET 1612:1619 CC-RT-ET 1612:1619 CC-RT-ET (=BCRC 80314T=DSM 24738T) 1612:1645 The type strain is CC-RT-ET (=BCRC 80314T=DSM 24738T). 24812361 4 0 theme mol 774:776 arg1 % 777:777 66.9 mol% 769:777 66.9 mol% 769:777 The DNA G+C content of strain XH208(T) was 66.9 mol%. 24812361 4 0 theme mol 774:776 arg1 content 738:744 The DNA G+C content 726:744 The DNA G+C content of strain XH208(T) 726:763 The DNA G+C content of strain XH208(T) was 66.9 mol%. 24812361 2 1 theme Gram-stain-positive 101:119 arg1 bacterium 184:192 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium 99:192 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium 99:192 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 2 1 theme Gram-stain-positive 101:119 arg1 strain 206:211 designated strain XH208 195:217 designated strain XH208(T) 195:220 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 9 2 theme name 1365:1368 arg1 sp 1392:1393 the name Luteococcus sediminum sp 1361:1393 the name Luteococcus sediminum sp 1361:1393 On the basis of data from the polyphasic analysis, strain XH208(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Luteococcus, for which the name Luteococcus sediminum sp. 24812361 9 3 theme polyphasic 1245:1254 arg1 analysis 1256:1263 the polyphasic analysis 1241:1263 the polyphasic analysis 1241:1263 On the basis of data from the polyphasic analysis, strain XH208(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Luteococcus, for which the name Luteococcus sediminum sp. 24812361 9 4 theme genus 1332:1336 arg1 Luteococcus 1338:1348 the genus Luteococcus 1328:1348 the genus Luteococcus 1328:1348 On the basis of data from the polyphasic analysis, strain XH208(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Luteococcus, for which the name Luteococcus sediminum sp. 24812361 2 5 theme 41° 315:317 arg1 Gyre 309:312 Gyre 309:312 Gyre 309:312 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 2 5 theme 41° 315:317 arg1 W 334:334 41° 58' S 163° 11' W 315:334 41° 58' S 163° 11' W 315:334 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 3 6 theme Luteococcus 681:691 arg1 33897 708:712 Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897 681:712 Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%) 681:723 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 3 6 theme Luteococcus 681:691 arg1 % 722:722 95.2% 718:722 95.2% 718:722 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 3 6 theme Luteococcus 681:691 arg1 T 714:714 T 714:714 T 714:714 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 4 7 theme XH208 756:760 arg1 % 777:777 66.9 mol% 769:777 66.9 mol% 769:777 The DNA G+C content of strain XH208(T) was 66.9 mol%. 24812361 4 7 theme XH208 756:760 arg1 content 738:744 The DNA G+C content 726:744 The DNA G+C content of strain XH208(T) 726:763 The DNA G+C content of strain XH208(T) was 66.9 mol%. 24812361 3 8 theme CCUG 611:614 arg1 38120 616:620 Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120 589:620 Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%) 589:631 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 3 8 theme CCUG 611:614 arg1 % 630:630 96.9% 626:630 96.9% 626:630 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 3 8 theme CCUG 611:614 arg1 T 622:622 T 622:622 T 622:622 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 5 9 theme major 923:927 arg1 sugars 940:945 the major whole-cell sugars 919:945 the major whole-cell sugars 919:945 The cell wall of strain XH208(T) possessed a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine), and ribose, glucose and galactose as the major whole-cell sugars. 24812361 2 10 theme sediment 260:267 arg1 sample 269:274 a deep subseafloor sediment sample 241:274 a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329 241:402 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 3 11 theme strain 475:480 arg1 T 488:488 T 488:488 T 488:488 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 3 11 theme strain 475:480 arg1 XH208 482:486 strain XH208 475:486 strain XH208(T) 475:489 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 4 12 theme strain 749:754 arg1 T 762:762 T 762:762 T 762:762 The DNA G+C content of strain XH208(T) was 66.9 mol%. 24812361 4 12 theme strain 749:754 arg1 XH208 756:760 strain XH208 749:760 strain XH208(T) 749:763 The DNA G+C content of strain XH208(T) was 66.9 mol%. 24812361 1 13 theme subseafloor 51:61 arg1 sediment 63:70 deep subseafloor sediment 46:70 deep subseafloor sediment of the South Pacific Gyre 46:96 nov., isolated from deep subseafloor sediment of the South Pacific Gyre. 24812361 2 14 theme subseafloor 248:258 arg1 sample 269:274 a deep subseafloor sediment sample 241:274 a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329 241:402 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 3 15 dep Luteococcus 589:599 arg1 peritonei 601:609 peritonei 601:609 peritonei 601:609 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 5 16 theme ll-diaminopimelic 849:865 arg1 acid-glycine 867:878 ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine 849:878 ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine 849:878 The cell wall of strain XH208(T) possessed a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine), and ribose, glucose and galactose as the major whole-cell sugars. 24812361 5 16 theme ll-diaminopimelic 849:865 arg1 peptidoglycan 834:846 a type A3γ peptidoglycan 823:846 a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine) 823:879 The cell wall of strain XH208(T) possessed a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine), and ribose, glucose and galactose as the major whole-cell sugars. 24812361 9 17 theme strain 1266:1271 arg1 XH208 1273:1277 strain XH208 1266:1277 strain XH208(T) 1266:1280 On the basis of data from the polyphasic analysis, strain XH208(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Luteococcus, for which the name Luteococcus sediminum sp. 24812361 9 17 theme strain 1266:1271 arg1 T 1279:1279 T 1279:1279 T 1279:1279 On the basis of data from the polyphasic analysis, strain XH208(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Luteococcus, for which the name Luteococcus sediminum sp. 24812361 11 18 theme  = JCM 1458:1463 arg1 T 1471:1471 T 1471:1471 T 1471:1471 The type strain is XH208(T) ( = DSM 27277(T) = JCM 19259(T)). 24812361 11 18 theme  = JCM 1458:1463 arg1 19259 1465:1469  = DSM 27277(T) = JCM 19259 1443:1469  = DSM 27277(T) = JCM 19259(T) 1443:1472 The type strain is XH208(T) ( = DSM 27277(T) = JCM 19259(T)). 24812361 2 19 theme deep 243:246 arg1 sample 269:274 a deep subseafloor sediment sample 241:274 a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329 241:402 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 6 20 theme major 952:956 arg1 C 975:975 C(17 : 1)ω8c 975:986 C(17 : 1)ω8c 975:986 The major fatty acids were C(17 : 1)ω8c, C(17 : 1)ω6c, and C(16 : 1)ω6c and/or C(16 : 1)ω7c (summed feature 3). 24812361 6 20 theme major 952:956 arg1 acids 964:968 The major fatty acids 948:968 The major fatty acids 948:968 The major fatty acids were C(17 : 1)ω8c, C(17 : 1)ω6c, and C(16 : 1)ω6c and/or C(16 : 1)ω7c (summed feature 3). 24812361 9 21 theme Luteococcus 1370:1380 arg1 sp 1392:1393 the name Luteococcus sediminum sp 1361:1393 the name Luteococcus sediminum sp 1361:1393 On the basis of data from the polyphasic analysis, strain XH208(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Luteococcus, for which the name Luteococcus sediminum sp. 24812361 8 22 theme major 1120:1124 arg1 lipids 1132:1137 The major polar lipids 1116:1137 The major polar lipids 1116:1137 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 24812361 8 22 theme major 1120:1124 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1144:1163 phosphatidylglycerol 1144:1163 phosphatidylglycerol 1144:1163 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 24812361 0 23 theme sediminum 12:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Luteococcus sediminum sp 0:23 Luteococcus sediminum sp. 0:24 Luteococcus sediminum sp. 24812361 11 24 theme 27277 1450:1454 arg1 T 1471:1471 T 1471:1471 T 1471:1471 The type strain is XH208(T) ( = DSM 27277(T) = JCM 19259(T)). 24812361 11 24 theme 27277 1450:1454 arg1 19259 1465:1469  = DSM 27277(T) = JCM 19259 1443:1469  = DSM 27277(T) = JCM 19259(T) 1443:1472 The type strain is XH208(T) ( = DSM 27277(T) = JCM 19259(T)). 24812361 11 25 theme T 1456:1456 arg1 T 1471:1471 T 1471:1471 T 1471:1471 The type strain is XH208(T) ( = DSM 27277(T) = JCM 19259(T)). 24812361 11 25 theme T 1456:1456 arg1 19259 1465:1469  = DSM 27277(T) = JCM 19259 1443:1469  = DSM 27277(T) = JCM 19259(T) 1443:1472 The type strain is XH208(T) ( = DSM 27277(T) = JCM 19259(T)). 24812361 0 26 theme Luteococcus 0:10 arg1 sp 22:23 Luteococcus sediminum sp 0:23 Luteococcus sediminum sp. 0:24 Luteococcus sediminum sp. 24812361 8 27 theme polar 1126:1130 arg1 lipids 1132:1137 The major polar lipids 1116:1137 The major polar lipids 1116:1137 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 24812361 8 27 theme polar 1126:1130 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1144:1163 phosphatidylglycerol 1144:1163 phosphatidylglycerol 1144:1163 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 24812361 2 28 dep Program 374:380 arg1 Expedition 389:398 Expedition 389:398 Expedition 389:398 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 11 29 dep XH208 1433:1437 arg1 T 1471:1471 T 1471:1471 T 1471:1471 The type strain is XH208(T) ( = DSM 27277(T) = JCM 19259(T)). 24812361 11 29 dep XH208 1433:1437 arg1 19259 1465:1469  = DSM 27277(T) = JCM 19259 1443:1469  = DSM 27277(T) = JCM 19259(T) 1443:1472 The type strain is XH208(T) ( = DSM 27277(T) = JCM 19259(T)). 24812361 2 30 theme 163° 325:328 arg1 Gyre 309:312 Gyre 309:312 Gyre 309:312 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 2 30 theme 163° 325:328 arg1 W 334:334 41° 58' S 163° 11' W 315:334 41° 58' S 163° 11' W 315:334 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 2 31 theme Drilling 365:372 arg1 Program 374:380 the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program 344:380 the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329 344:402 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 2 31 theme Drilling 365:372 arg1 IODP 383:386 IODP 383:386 IODP 383:386 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 3 32 theme Luteococcus 634:644 arg1 T 666:666 T 666:666 T 666:666 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 3 32 theme Luteococcus 634:644 arg1 10546 660:664 Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546 634:664 Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) 634:675 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 3 32 theme Luteococcus 634:644 arg1 % 674:674 95.4% 670:674 95.4% 670:674 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 4 33 theme G+C 734:736 arg1 % 777:777 66.9 mol% 769:777 66.9 mol% 769:777 The DNA G+C content of strain XH208(T) was 66.9 mol%. 24812361 4 33 theme G+C 734:736 arg1 content 738:744 The DNA G+C content 726:744 The DNA G+C content of strain XH208(T) 726:763 The DNA G+C content of strain XH208(T) was 66.9 mol%. 24812361 5 34 theme XH208 804:808 arg1 wall 789:792 The cell wall 780:792 The cell wall of strain XH208(T) 780:811 The cell wall of strain XH208(T) possessed a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine), and ribose, glucose and galactose as the major whole-cell sugars. 24812361 2 35 theme Integrated 348:357 arg1 Program 374:380 the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program 344:380 the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329 344:402 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 2 35 theme Integrated 348:357 arg1 IODP 383:386 IODP 383:386 IODP 383:386 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 2 36 theme Ocean 359:363 arg1 Program 374:380 the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program 344:380 the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329 344:402 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 2 36 theme Ocean 359:363 arg1 IODP 383:386 IODP 383:386 IODP 383:386 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 5 37 theme whole-cell 929:938 arg1 sugars 940:945 the major whole-cell sugars 919:945 the major whole-cell sugars 919:945 The cell wall of strain XH208(T) possessed a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine), and ribose, glucose and galactose as the major whole-cell sugars. 24812361 4 38 theme DNA 730:732 arg1 % 777:777 66.9 mol% 769:777 66.9 mol% 769:777 The DNA G+C content of strain XH208(T) was 66.9 mol%. 24812361 4 38 theme DNA 730:732 arg1 content 738:744 The DNA G+C content 726:744 The DNA G+C content of strain XH208(T) 726:763 The DNA G+C content of strain XH208(T) was 66.9 mol%. 24812361 3 39 theme rRNA 552:555 arg1 similarities 571:582 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 536:582 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 536:582 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 1 40 theme Gyre 93:96 arg1 sediment 63:70 deep subseafloor sediment 46:70 deep subseafloor sediment of the South Pacific Gyre 46:96 nov., isolated from deep subseafloor sediment of the South Pacific Gyre. 24812361 3 41 theme rRNA 440:443 arg1 sequences 450:458 16S rRNA gene sequences 436:458 16S rRNA gene sequences 436:458 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 5 42 contain possessed 813:821 arg2 acid-glycine 867:878 ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine 849:878 ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine 849:878 The cell wall of strain XH208(T) possessed a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine), and ribose, glucose and galactose as the major whole-cell sugars. 24812361 5 42 contain possessed 813:821 arg2 peptidoglycan 834:846 a type A3γ peptidoglycan 823:846 a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine) 823:879 The cell wall of strain XH208(T) possessed a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine), and ribose, glucose and galactose as the major whole-cell sugars. 24812361 5 42 contain possessed 813:821 arg2 glucose 894:900 glucose 894:900 glucose 894:900 The cell wall of strain XH208(T) possessed a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine), and ribose, glucose and galactose as the major whole-cell sugars. 24812361 5 42 contain possessed 813:821 arg1 wall 789:792 The cell wall 780:792 The cell wall of strain XH208(T) 780:811 The cell wall of strain XH208(T) possessed a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine), and ribose, glucose and galactose as the major whole-cell sugars. 24812361 5 42 contain possessed 813:821 arg2 galactose 906:914 galactose 906:914 galactose 906:914 The cell wall of strain XH208(T) possessed a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine), and ribose, glucose and galactose as the major whole-cell sugars. 24812361 5 42 contain possessed 813:821 arg2 ribose 886:891 ribose 886:891 ribose 886:891 The cell wall of strain XH208(T) possessed a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine), and ribose, glucose and galactose as the major whole-cell sugars. 24812361 3 43 theme gene 557:560 arg1 similarities 571:582 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 536:582 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 536:582 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 6 44 theme summed 1041:1046 arg1 feature 1048:1054 summed feature 3 1041:1056 summed feature 3 1041:1056 The major fatty acids were C(17 : 1)ω8c, C(17 : 1)ω6c, and C(16 : 1)ω6c and/or C(16 : 1)ω7c (summed feature 3). 24812361 6 44 theme summed 1041:1046 arg1 C 1007:1007 C(16 : 1)ω6c 1007:1018 C(16 : 1)ω6c 1007:1018 The major fatty acids were C(17 : 1)ω8c, C(17 : 1)ω6c, and C(16 : 1)ω6c and/or C(16 : 1)ω7c (summed feature 3). 24812361 11 45 theme  = DSM 1443:1448 arg1 T 1471:1471 T 1471:1471 T 1471:1471 The type strain is XH208(T) ( = DSM 27277(T) = JCM 19259(T)). 24812361 11 45 theme  = DSM 1443:1448 arg1 19259 1465:1469  = DSM 27277(T) = JCM 19259 1443:1469  = DSM 27277(T) = JCM 19259(T) 1443:1472 The type strain is XH208(T) ( = DSM 27277(T) = JCM 19259(T)). 24812361 9 46 from analysis 1256:1263 arg1 data 1231:1234 data 1231:1234 data from the polyphasic analysis 1231:1263 On the basis of data from the polyphasic analysis, strain XH208(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Luteococcus, for which the name Luteococcus sediminum sp. 24812361 3 47 theme highest 540:546 arg1 similarities 571:582 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 536:582 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 536:582 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 3 48 theme genus 507:511 arg1 Luteococcus 513:523 the genus Luteococcus 503:523 the genus Luteococcus 503:523 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 3 49 theme DSM 656:658 arg1 T 666:666 T 666:666 T 666:666 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 3 49 theme DSM 656:658 arg1 10546 660:664 Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546 634:664 Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) 634:675 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 3 49 theme DSM 656:658 arg1 % 674:674 95.4% 670:674 95.4% 670:674 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 3 50 theme 16S 548:550 arg1 similarities 571:582 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 536:582 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 536:582 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 5 51 theme strain 797:802 arg1 T 810:810 T 810:810 T 810:810 The cell wall of strain XH208(T) possessed a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine), and ribose, glucose and galactose as the major whole-cell sugars. 24812361 5 51 theme strain 797:802 arg1 XH208 804:808 strain XH208 797:808 strain XH208(T) 797:811 The cell wall of strain XH208(T) possessed a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine), and ribose, glucose and galactose as the major whole-cell sugars. 24812361 11 52 theme type 1418:1421 arg1 XH208 1433:1437 XH208 1433:1437 XH208 1433:1437 The type strain is XH208(T) ( = DSM 27277(T) = JCM 19259(T)). 24812361 11 52 theme type 1418:1421 arg1 strain 1423:1428 The type strain 1414:1428 The type strain 1414:1428 The type strain is XH208(T) ( = DSM 27277(T) = JCM 19259(T)). 24812361 3 53 dep Luteococcus 634:644 arg1 japonicus 646:654 japonicus 646:654 japonicus 646:654 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 3 54 theme Luteococcus 589:599 arg1 38120 616:620 Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120 589:620 Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%) 589:631 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 3 54 theme Luteococcus 589:599 arg1 % 630:630 96.9% 626:630 96.9% 626:630 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 3 54 theme Luteococcus 589:599 arg1 T 622:622 T 622:622 T 622:622 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 3 55 theme 16S 436:438 arg1 sequences 450:458 16S rRNA gene sequences 436:458 16S rRNA gene sequences 436:458 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 5 56 theme A3γ 830:832 arg1 acid-glycine 867:878 ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine 849:878 ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine 849:878 The cell wall of strain XH208(T) possessed a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine), and ribose, glucose and galactose as the major whole-cell sugars. 24812361 5 56 theme A3γ 830:832 arg1 peptidoglycan 834:846 a type A3γ peptidoglycan 823:846 a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine) 823:879 The cell wall of strain XH208(T) possessed a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine), and ribose, glucose and galactose as the major whole-cell sugars. 24812361 2 57 dep Gram-stain-positive 101:119 arg1 aerobic 131:137 aerobic 131:137 aerobic 131:137 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 2 57 dep Gram-stain-positive 101:119 arg1 yellow-pigmented 167:182 yellow-pigmented 167:182 yellow-pigmented 167:182 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 2 57 dep Gram-stain-positive 101:119 arg1 non-motile 155:164 non-motile 155:164 non-motile 155:164 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 2 57 dep Gram-stain-positive 101:119 arg1 coccus-shaped 140:152 coccus-shaped 140:152 coccus-shaped 140:152 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 9 58 theme novel 1311:1315 arg1 species 1317:1323 a novel species 1309:1323 a novel species 1309:1323 On the basis of data from the polyphasic analysis, strain XH208(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Luteococcus, for which the name Luteococcus sediminum sp. 24812361 2 59 theme designated 195:204 arg1 T 219:219 T 219:219 T 219:219 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 2 59 theme designated 195:204 arg1 bacterium 184:192 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium 99:192 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium 99:192 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 2 59 theme designated 195:204 arg1 strain 206:211 designated strain XH208 195:217 designated strain XH208(T) 195:220 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 6 60 theme fatty 958:962 arg1 C 975:975 C(17 : 1)ω8c 975:986 C(17 : 1)ω8c 975:986 The major fatty acids were C(17 : 1)ω8c, C(17 : 1)ω6c, and C(16 : 1)ω6c and/or C(16 : 1)ω7c (summed feature 3). 24812361 6 60 theme fatty 958:962 arg1 acids 964:968 The major fatty acids 948:968 The major fatty acids 948:968 The major fatty acids were C(17 : 1)ω8c, C(17 : 1)ω6c, and C(16 : 1)ω6c and/or C(16 : 1)ω7c (summed feature 3). 24812361 7 61 theme major 1064:1068 arg1 MK-9 1106:1109 menaquinone MK-9 1094:1109 menaquinone MK-9(H4) 1094:1113 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-9(H4). 24812361 7 61 theme major 1064:1068 arg1 quinone 1082:1088 The major respiratory quinone 1060:1088 The major respiratory quinone 1060:1088 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-9(H4). 24812361 9 62 dep Luteococcus 1370:1380 arg1 sediminum 1382:1390 sediminum 1382:1390 sediminum 1382:1390 On the basis of data from the polyphasic analysis, strain XH208(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Luteococcus, for which the name Luteococcus sediminum sp. 24812361 2 63 attach isolated 227:234 arg2 strain 206:211 designated strain XH208 195:217 designated strain XH208(T) 195:220 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 2 63 attach isolated 227:234 arg2 bacterium 184:192 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium 99:192 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium 99:192 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 2 63 attach isolated 227:234 arg1 sample 269:274 a deep subseafloor sediment sample 241:274 a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329 241:402 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 3 64 theme sequence 562:569 arg1 similarities 571:582 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 536:582 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 536:582 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 1 65 theme deep 46:49 arg1 sediment 63:70 deep subseafloor sediment 46:70 deep subseafloor sediment of the South Pacific Gyre 46:96 nov., isolated from deep subseafloor sediment of the South Pacific Gyre. 24812361 5 66 theme type 825:828 arg1 acid-glycine 867:878 ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine 849:878 ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine 849:878 The cell wall of strain XH208(T) possessed a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine), and ribose, glucose and galactose as the major whole-cell sugars. 24812361 5 66 theme type 825:828 arg1 peptidoglycan 834:846 a type A3γ peptidoglycan 823:846 a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine) 823:879 The cell wall of strain XH208(T) possessed a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine), and ribose, glucose and galactose as the major whole-cell sugars. 24812361 3 67 theme Phylogenetic 405:416 arg1 analysis 418:425 Phylogenetic analysis 405:425 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 405:458 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 9 68 from species 1317:1323 arg1 Luteococcus 1338:1348 the genus Luteococcus 1328:1348 the genus Luteococcus 1328:1348 On the basis of data from the polyphasic analysis, strain XH208(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Luteococcus, for which the name Luteococcus sediminum sp. 24812361 3 69 dep Luteococcus 681:691 arg1 sanguinis 693:701 sanguinis 693:701 sanguinis 693:701 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 9 70 dep data 1231:1234 arg1 the 1218:1220 the 1218:1220 the 1218:1220 On the basis of data from the polyphasic analysis, strain XH208(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Luteococcus, for which the name Luteococcus sediminum sp. 24812361 9 70 dep data 1231:1234 arg1 basis 1222:1226 basis 1222:1226 basis 1222:1226 On the basis of data from the polyphasic analysis, strain XH208(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Luteococcus, for which the name Luteococcus sediminum sp. 24812361 2 71 theme S 323:323 arg1 Gyre 309:312 Gyre 309:312 Gyre 309:312 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 2 71 theme S 323:323 arg1 W 334:334 41° 58' S 163° 11' W 315:334 41° 58' S 163° 11' W 315:334 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208(T), was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58' S 163° 11' W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. 24812361 3 72 theme CCUG 703:706 arg1 33897 708:712 Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897 681:712 Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%) 681:723 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 3 72 theme CCUG 703:706 arg1 % 722:722 95.2% 718:722 95.2% 718:722 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 3 72 theme CCUG 703:706 arg1 T 714:714 T 714:714 T 714:714 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 7 73 theme respiratory 1070:1080 arg1 MK-9 1106:1109 menaquinone MK-9 1094:1109 menaquinone MK-9(H4) 1094:1113 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-9(H4). 24812361 7 73 theme respiratory 1070:1080 arg1 quinone 1082:1088 The major respiratory quinone 1060:1088 The major respiratory quinone 1060:1088 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-9(H4). 24812361 5 74 theme cell 784:787 arg1 wall 789:792 The cell wall 780:792 The cell wall of strain XH208(T) 780:811 The cell wall of strain XH208(T) possessed a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid-glycine), and ribose, glucose and galactose as the major whole-cell sugars. 24812361 3 75 theme gene 445:448 arg1 sequences 450:458 16S rRNA gene sequences 436:458 16S rRNA gene sequences 436:458 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208(T) belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120(T) (96.9%), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546(T) (95.4%) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897(T) (95.2%). 24812361 7 76 theme menaquinone 1094:1104 arg1 MK-9 1106:1109 menaquinone MK-9 1094:1109 menaquinone MK-9(H4) 1094:1113 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-9(H4). 24812361 7 76 theme menaquinone 1094:1104 arg1 H4 1111:1112 H4 1111:1112 H4 1111:1112 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-9(H4). 24812361 7 76 theme menaquinone 1094:1104 arg1 quinone 1082:1088 The major respiratory quinone 1060:1088 The major respiratory quinone 1060:1088 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-9(H4). 25664689 0 0 theme Ficus 82:86 arg1 latex 95:99 Ficus carica latex 82:99 Ficus carica latex during fruit ripening 82:121 Characterisation of general proteolytic, milk clotting and antifungal activity of Ficus carica latex during fruit ripening. 25664689 3 1 theme collagenolytic 293:306 arg1 protease 308:315 collagenolytic protease 293:315 collagenolytic protease 293:315 Fig latex also contains collagenolytic protease and chitinolytic enzymes. 25664689 8 2 theme casein 920:925 arg1 band 927:930 casein band 920:930 casein band 920:930 Specific milk clotting activity increased as well as the abundance of casein band in the clots. 25664689 8 3 theme milk 859:862 arg1 activity 873:880 Specific milk clotting activity 850:880 Specific milk clotting activity 850:880 Specific milk clotting activity increased as well as the abundance of casein band in the clots. 25664689 6 4 theme collagenolytic 623:636 arg1 protease 638:645 collagenolytic protease 623:645 collagenolytic protease 623:645 The content of collagenolytic protease did not differ significantly in the latex samples, while the content of ficin decreased. 25664689 11 5 from applications 1281:1292 arg1 industry 1307:1314 the dairy industry 1297:1314 the dairy industry 1297:1314 CONCLUSION Ficin forms with different casein specificities are present in different proportions during fruit ripening, which is of importance for applications in the dairy industry. 25664689 4 6 theme protein 381:387 arg1 composition 389:399 protein composition 381:399 protein composition 381:399 Our aim was to investigate changes in protein composition, enzyme and antifungal activities of fig latex during fruit ripening. 25664689 1 7 theme fig 161:163 arg1 latex 165:169 fig latex 161:169 fig latex 161:169 BACKGROUND The physiological role of fig latex is to protect the plant from pathogens. 25664689 0 8 theme latex 95:99 arg1 clotting 46:53 milk clotting 41:53 milk clotting 41:53 Characterisation of general proteolytic, milk clotting and antifungal activity of Ficus carica latex during fruit ripening. 25664689 0 8 theme latex 95:99 arg1 activity 70:77 antifungal activity 59:77 antifungal activity 59:77 Characterisation of general proteolytic, milk clotting and antifungal activity of Ficus carica latex during fruit ripening. 25664689 12 9 theme flowering 1453:1461 arg1 phases 1443:1448 the early phases 1433:1448 the early phases of flowering 1433:1461 The protection mechanism against insects and fungi, which relies on chitinolytic activity, is the most important in the early phases of flowering and is replaced with other strategies over time. 25664689 1 10 dep BACKGROUND 124:133 arg1 is 171:172 is 171:172 is to protect the plant from pathogens 171:208 BACKGROUND The physiological role of fig latex is to protect the plant from pathogens. 25664689 11 11 theme Ficin 1146:1150 arg1 forms 1152:1156 CONCLUSION Ficin forms 1135:1156 CONCLUSION Ficin forms with different casein specificities 1135:1192 CONCLUSION Ficin forms with different casein specificities are present in different proportions during fruit ripening, which is of importance for applications in the dairy industry. 25664689 12 12 theme other 1484:1488 arg1 strategies 1490:1499 other strategies 1484:1499 other strategies over time 1484:1509 The protection mechanism against insects and fungi, which relies on chitinolytic activity, is the most important in the early phases of flowering and is replaced with other strategies over time. 25664689 0 13 theme carica 88:93 arg1 latex 95:99 Ficus carica latex 82:99 Ficus carica latex during fruit ripening 82:121 Characterisation of general proteolytic, milk clotting and antifungal activity of Ficus carica latex during fruit ripening. 25664689 11 14 theme casein 1173:1178 arg1 specificities 1180:1192 different casein specificities 1163:1192 different casein specificities 1163:1192 CONCLUSION Ficin forms with different casein specificities are present in different proportions during fruit ripening, which is of importance for applications in the dairy industry. 25664689 11 15 theme fruit 1238:1242 arg1 ripening 1244:1251 fruit ripening 1238:1251 fruit ripening 1238:1251 CONCLUSION Ficin forms with different casein specificities are present in different proportions during fruit ripening, which is of importance for applications in the dairy industry. 25664689 4 16 theme latex 442:446 arg1 enzyme 402:407 enzyme 402:407 enzyme 402:407 Our aim was to investigate changes in protein composition, enzyme and antifungal activities of fig latex during fruit ripening. 25664689 4 16 theme latex 442:446 arg1 activities 424:433 antifungal activities 413:433 antifungal activities 413:433 Our aim was to investigate changes in protein composition, enzyme and antifungal activities of fig latex during fruit ripening. 25664689 4 16 theme latex 442:446 arg1 composition 389:399 protein composition 381:399 protein composition 381:399 Our aim was to investigate changes in protein composition, enzyme and antifungal activities of fig latex during fruit ripening. 25664689 0 17 theme fruit 108:112 arg1 ripening 114:121 fruit ripening 108:121 fruit ripening 108:121 Characterisation of general proteolytic, milk clotting and antifungal activity of Ficus carica latex during fruit ripening. 25664689 4 18 theme fruit 455:459 arg1 ripening 461:468 fruit ripening 455:468 fruit ripening 455:468 Our aim was to investigate changes in protein composition, enzyme and antifungal activities of fig latex during fruit ripening. 25664689 12 19 from phases 1443:1448 arg1 important 1420:1428 important 1420:1428 important 1420:1428 The protection mechanism against insects and fungi, which relies on chitinolytic activity, is the most important in the early phases of flowering and is replaced with other strategies over time. 25664689 12 19 from phases 1443:1448 arg1 mechanism 1332:1340 The protection mechanism 1317:1340 The protection mechanism 1317:1340 The protection mechanism against insects and fungi, which relies on chitinolytic activity, is the most important in the early phases of flowering and is replaced with other strategies over time. 25664689 1 20 theme latex 165:169 arg1 role 153:156 The physiological role 135:156 The physiological role of fig latex 135:169 BACKGROUND The physiological role of fig latex is to protect the plant from pathogens. 25664689 12 21 from important 1420:1428 arg1 phases 1443:1448 the early phases 1433:1448 the early phases of flowering 1433:1461 The protection mechanism against insects and fungi, which relies on chitinolytic activity, is the most important in the early phases of flowering and is replaced with other strategies over time. 25664689 9 22 theme Specific 946:953 arg1 activity 968:975 Specific chitinolytic activity 946:975 Specific chitinolytic activity at the beginning of flowering 946:1005 Specific chitinolytic activity at the beginning of flowering was 6.5 times higher than the activity in the period when fruits are ripe. 25664689 3 23 contain contains 284:291 arg1 latex 273:277 Fig latex 269:277 Fig latex 269:277 Fig latex also contains collagenolytic protease and chitinolytic enzymes. 25664689 3 23 contain contains 284:291 arg2 enzymes 334:340 chitinolytic enzymes 321:340 chitinolytic enzymes 321:340 Fig latex also contains collagenolytic protease and chitinolytic enzymes. 25664689 3 23 contain contains 284:291 arg2 protease 308:315 collagenolytic protease 293:315 collagenolytic protease 293:315 Fig latex also contains collagenolytic protease and chitinolytic enzymes. 25664689 5 24 from periods 525:531 arg1 Comparison 479:488 Comparison 479:488 Comparison of latex samples in different time periods 479:531 RESULTS Comparison of latex samples in different time periods showed a uniform increase of protein concentration in chronological order. 25664689 8 25 theme Specific 850:857 arg1 activity 873:880 Specific milk clotting activity 850:880 Specific milk clotting activity 850:880 Specific milk clotting activity increased as well as the abundance of casein band in the clots. 25664689 5 26 theme protein 562:568 arg1 concentration 570:582 protein concentration 562:582 protein concentration 562:582 RESULTS Comparison of latex samples in different time periods showed a uniform increase of protein concentration in chronological order. 25664689 4 27 from changes 370:376 arg1 enzyme 402:407 enzyme 402:407 enzyme 402:407 Our aim was to investigate changes in protein composition, enzyme and antifungal activities of fig latex during fruit ripening. 25664689 4 27 from changes 370:376 arg1 activities 424:433 antifungal activities 413:433 antifungal activities 413:433 Our aim was to investigate changes in protein composition, enzyme and antifungal activities of fig latex during fruit ripening. 25664689 4 27 from changes 370:376 arg1 composition 389:399 protein composition 381:399 protein composition 381:399 Our aim was to investigate changes in protein composition, enzyme and antifungal activities of fig latex during fruit ripening. 25664689 5 28 theme samples 499:505 arg1 Comparison 479:488 Comparison 479:488 Comparison of latex samples in different time periods 479:531 RESULTS Comparison of latex samples in different time periods showed a uniform increase of protein concentration in chronological order. 25664689 10 29 theme Antifungal 1082:1091 arg1 extensive 1114:1122 extensive 1114:1122 extensive 1114:1122 Antifungal activity is the most extensive in spring. 25664689 10 29 theme Antifungal 1082:1091 arg1 activity 1093:1100 Antifungal activity 1082:1100 Antifungal activity 1082:1100 Antifungal activity is the most extensive in spring. 25664689 5 30 theme concentration 570:582 arg1 increase 550:557 a uniform increase 540:557 a uniform increase of protein concentration in chronological order 540:605 RESULTS Comparison of latex samples in different time periods showed a uniform increase of protein concentration in chronological order. 25664689 12 31 theme protection 1321:1330 arg1 important 1420:1428 important 1420:1428 important 1420:1428 The protection mechanism against insects and fungi, which relies on chitinolytic activity, is the most important in the early phases of flowering and is replaced with other strategies over time. 25664689 12 31 theme protection 1321:1330 arg1 mechanism 1332:1340 The protection mechanism 1317:1340 The protection mechanism 1317:1340 The protection mechanism against insects and fungi, which relies on chitinolytic activity, is the most important in the early phases of flowering and is replaced with other strategies over time. 25664689 8 32 theme clotting 864:871 arg1 activity 873:880 Specific milk clotting activity 850:880 Specific milk clotting activity 850:880 Specific milk clotting activity increased as well as the abundance of casein band in the clots. 25664689 11 33 attach present 1198:1204 arg2 forms 1152:1156 CONCLUSION Ficin forms 1135:1156 CONCLUSION Ficin forms with different casein specificities 1135:1192 CONCLUSION Ficin forms with different casein specificities are present in different proportions during fruit ripening, which is of importance for applications in the dairy industry. 25664689 11 33 attach present 1198:1204 arg1 proportions 1219:1229 different proportions 1209:1229 different proportions during fruit ripening 1209:1251 CONCLUSION Ficin forms with different casein specificities are present in different proportions during fruit ripening, which is of importance for applications in the dairy industry. 25664689 0 34 theme proteolytic 28:38 arg1 clotting 46:53 milk clotting 41:53 milk clotting 41:53 Characterisation of general proteolytic, milk clotting and antifungal activity of Ficus carica latex during fruit ripening. 25664689 7 35 theme fruit 811:815 arg1 development 817:827 fruit development 811:827 fruit development (about 80 U mg(-1)) 811:847 Ficin-specific activity towards casein was the highest at the beginning of fruit development (about 80 U mg(-1)). 25664689 11 36 theme CONCLUSION 1135:1144 arg1 forms 1152:1156 CONCLUSION Ficin forms 1135:1156 CONCLUSION Ficin forms with different casein specificities 1135:1192 CONCLUSION Ficin forms with different casein specificities are present in different proportions during fruit ripening, which is of importance for applications in the dairy industry. 25664689 5 37 theme chronological 587:599 arg1 order 601:605 chronological order 587:605 chronological order 587:605 RESULTS Comparison of latex samples in different time periods showed a uniform increase of protein concentration in chronological order. 25664689 0 38 theme general 20:26 arg1 clotting 46:53 milk clotting 41:53 milk clotting 41:53 Characterisation of general proteolytic, milk clotting and antifungal activity of Ficus carica latex during fruit ripening. 25664689 10 39 from extensive 1114:1122 arg1 spring 1127:1132 spring 1127:1132 spring 1127:1132 Antifungal activity is the most extensive in spring. 25664689 4 40 theme fig 438:440 arg1 latex 442:446 fig latex 438:446 fig latex 438:446 Our aim was to investigate changes in protein composition, enzyme and antifungal activities of fig latex during fruit ripening. 25664689 9 41 from beginning 984:992 arg1 activity 968:975 Specific chitinolytic activity 946:975 Specific chitinolytic activity at the beginning of flowering 946:1005 Specific chitinolytic activity at the beginning of flowering was 6.5 times higher than the activity in the period when fruits are ripe. 25664689 7 42 theme development 817:827 arg1 beginning 798:806 the beginning 794:806 the beginning of fruit development (about 80 U mg(-1)) 794:847 Ficin-specific activity towards casein was the highest at the beginning of fruit development (about 80 U mg(-1)). 25664689 5 43 from increase 550:557 arg1 order 601:605 chronological order 587:605 chronological order 587:605 RESULTS Comparison of latex samples in different time periods showed a uniform increase of protein concentration in chronological order. 25664689 0 44 theme milk 41:44 arg1 clotting 46:53 milk clotting 41:53 milk clotting 41:53 Characterisation of general proteolytic, milk clotting and antifungal activity of Ficus carica latex during fruit ripening. 25664689 5 45 dep RESULTS 471:477 arg1 showed 533:538 showed 533:538 showed a uniform increase of protein concentration in chronological order 533:605 RESULTS Comparison of latex samples in different time periods showed a uniform increase of protein concentration in chronological order. 25664689 11 46 theme different 1163:1171 arg1 specificities 1180:1192 different casein specificities 1163:1192 different casein specificities 1163:1192 CONCLUSION Ficin forms with different casein specificities are present in different proportions during fruit ripening, which is of importance for applications in the dairy industry. 25664689 11 47 located present 1198:1204 arg2 forms 1152:1156 CONCLUSION Ficin forms 1135:1156 CONCLUSION Ficin forms with different casein specificities 1135:1192 CONCLUSION Ficin forms with different casein specificities are present in different proportions during fruit ripening, which is of importance for applications in the dairy industry. 25664689 11 47 located present 1198:1204 arg1 proportions 1219:1229 different proportions 1209:1229 different proportions during fruit ripening 1209:1251 CONCLUSION Ficin forms with different casein specificities are present in different proportions during fruit ripening, which is of importance for applications in the dairy industry. 25664689 9 48 theme chitinolytic 955:966 arg1 activity 968:975 Specific chitinolytic activity 946:975 Specific chitinolytic activity at the beginning of flowering 946:1005 Specific chitinolytic activity at the beginning of flowering was 6.5 times higher than the activity in the period when fruits are ripe. 25664689 9 49 from activity 1037:1044 arg1 period 1053:1058 the period 1049:1058 the period 1049:1058 Specific chitinolytic activity at the beginning of flowering was 6.5 times higher than the activity in the period when fruits are ripe. 25664689 10 50 from spring 1127:1132 arg1 extensive 1114:1122 extensive 1114:1122 extensive 1114:1122 Antifungal activity is the most extensive in spring. 25664689 10 50 from spring 1127:1132 arg1 activity 1093:1100 Antifungal activity 1082:1100 Antifungal activity 1082:1100 Antifungal activity is the most extensive in spring. 25664689 11 51 with forms 1152:1156 arg1 specificities 1180:1192 different casein specificities 1163:1192 different casein specificities 1163:1192 CONCLUSION Ficin forms with different casein specificities are present in different proportions during fruit ripening, which is of importance for applications in the dairy industry. 25664689 7 52 dep U 839:839 arg1 mg 841:842 mg(-1) 841:846 about 80 U mg(-1) 830:846 Ficin-specific activity towards casein was the highest at the beginning of fruit development (about 80 U mg(-1)). 25664689 8 53 from abundance 907:915 arg1 clots 939:943 the clots 935:943 the clots 935:943 Specific milk clotting activity increased as well as the abundance of casein band in the clots. 25664689 11 54 theme dairy 1301:1305 arg1 industry 1307:1314 the dairy industry 1297:1314 the dairy industry 1297:1314 CONCLUSION Ficin forms with different casein specificities are present in different proportions during fruit ripening, which is of importance for applications in the dairy industry. 25664689 11 55 theme different 1209:1217 arg1 proportions 1219:1229 different proportions 1209:1229 different proportions during fruit ripening 1209:1251 CONCLUSION Ficin forms with different casein specificities are present in different proportions during fruit ripening, which is of importance for applications in the dairy industry. 25664689 0 56 theme antifungal 59:68 arg1 activity 70:77 antifungal activity 59:77 antifungal activity 59:77 Characterisation of general proteolytic, milk clotting and antifungal activity of Ficus carica latex during fruit ripening. 25664689 1 57 from pathogens 200:208 arg1 plant 189:193 the plant 185:193 the plant from pathogens 185:208 BACKGROUND The physiological role of fig latex is to protect the plant from pathogens. 25664689 0 58 theme clotting 46:53 arg1 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation of general proteolytic, milk clotting and antifungal activity of Ficus carica latex during fruit ripening. 0:122 Characterisation of general proteolytic, milk clotting and antifungal activity of Ficus carica latex during fruit ripening. 25664689 5 59 theme uniform 542:548 arg1 increase 550:557 a uniform increase 540:557 a uniform increase of protein concentration in chronological order 540:605 RESULTS Comparison of latex samples in different time periods showed a uniform increase of protein concentration in chronological order. 25664689 12 60 theme chitinolytic 1385:1396 arg1 activity 1398:1405 chitinolytic activity 1385:1405 chitinolytic activity 1385:1405 The protection mechanism against insects and fungi, which relies on chitinolytic activity, is the most important in the early phases of flowering and is replaced with other strategies over time. 25664689 3 61 theme Fig 269:271 arg1 latex 273:277 Fig latex 269:277 Fig latex 269:277 Fig latex also contains collagenolytic protease and chitinolytic enzymes. 25664689 8 62 theme band 927:930 arg1 abundance 907:915 the abundance 903:915 the abundance of casein band in the clots 903:943 Specific milk clotting activity increased as well as the abundance of casein band in the clots. 25664689 2 63 theme proteases 237:245 arg1 ficin 262:266 ficin 262:266 predominantly ficin 248:266 Latex is a rich source of proteases, predominantly ficin. 25664689 2 63 theme proteases 237:245 arg1 source 227:232 a rich source 220:232 a rich source of proteases 220:245 Latex is a rich source of proteases, predominantly ficin. 25664689 2 63 theme proteases 237:245 arg1 Latex 211:215 Latex 211:215 Latex 211:215 Latex is a rich source of proteases, predominantly ficin. 25664689 6 64 theme ficin 719:723 arg1 content 708:714 the content 704:714 the content of ficin 704:723 The content of collagenolytic protease did not differ significantly in the latex samples, while the content of ficin decreased. 25664689 11 65 from present 1198:1204 arg1 proportions 1219:1229 different proportions 1209:1229 different proportions during fruit ripening 1209:1251 CONCLUSION Ficin forms with different casein specificities are present in different proportions during fruit ripening, which is of importance for applications in the dairy industry. 25664689 12 66 theme early 1437:1441 arg1 phases 1443:1448 the early phases 1433:1448 the early phases of flowering 1433:1461 The protection mechanism against insects and fungi, which relies on chitinolytic activity, is the most important in the early phases of flowering and is replaced with other strategies over time. 25664689 5 67 from samples 499:505 arg1 periods 525:531 different time periods 510:531 different time periods 510:531 RESULTS Comparison of latex samples in different time periods showed a uniform increase of protein concentration in chronological order. 25664689 7 68 dep development 817:827 arg1 U 839:839 about 80 U 830:839 about 80 U mg(-1) 830:846 Ficin-specific activity towards casein was the highest at the beginning of fruit development (about 80 U mg(-1)). 25664689 6 69 theme latex 683:687 arg1 samples 689:695 the latex samples 679:695 the latex samples 679:695 The content of collagenolytic protease did not differ significantly in the latex samples, while the content of ficin decreased. 25664689 5 70 theme latex 493:497 arg1 samples 499:505 latex samples 493:505 latex samples in different time periods 493:531 RESULTS Comparison of latex samples in different time periods showed a uniform increase of protein concentration in chronological order. 25664689 0 71 theme activity 70:77 arg1 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation of general proteolytic, milk clotting and antifungal activity of Ficus carica latex during fruit ripening. 0:122 Characterisation of general proteolytic, milk clotting and antifungal activity of Ficus carica latex during fruit ripening. 25664689 4 72 theme antifungal 413:422 arg1 activities 424:433 antifungal activities 413:433 antifungal activities 413:433 Our aim was to investigate changes in protein composition, enzyme and antifungal activities of fig latex during fruit ripening. 25664689 5 73 from Comparison 479:488 arg1 periods 525:531 different time periods 510:531 different time periods 510:531 RESULTS Comparison of latex samples in different time periods showed a uniform increase of protein concentration in chronological order. 25664689 5 74 theme different 510:518 arg1 periods 525:531 different time periods 510:531 different time periods 510:531 RESULTS Comparison of latex samples in different time periods showed a uniform increase of protein concentration in chronological order. 25664689 1 75 theme physiological 139:151 arg1 role 153:156 The physiological role 135:156 The physiological role of fig latex 135:169 BACKGROUND The physiological role of fig latex is to protect the plant from pathogens. 25664689 9 76 theme flowering 997:1005 arg1 beginning 984:992 the beginning 980:992 the beginning of flowering 980:1005 Specific chitinolytic activity at the beginning of flowering was 6.5 times higher than the activity in the period when fruits are ripe. 25664689 7 77 theme Ficin-specific 736:749 arg1 highest 783:789 highest 783:789 highest 783:789 Ficin-specific activity towards casein was the highest at the beginning of fruit development (about 80 U mg(-1)). 25664689 7 77 theme Ficin-specific 736:749 arg1 activity 751:758 Ficin-specific activity 736:758 Ficin-specific activity towards casein 736:773 Ficin-specific activity towards casein was the highest at the beginning of fruit development (about 80 U mg(-1)). 25664689 3 78 theme chitinolytic 321:332 arg1 enzymes 334:340 chitinolytic enzymes 321:340 chitinolytic enzymes 321:340 Fig latex also contains collagenolytic protease and chitinolytic enzymes. 25664689 2 79 theme rich 222:225 arg1 ficin 262:266 ficin 262:266 predominantly ficin 248:266 Latex is a rich source of proteases, predominantly ficin. 25664689 2 79 theme rich 222:225 arg1 source 227:232 a rich source 220:232 a rich source of proteases 220:245 Latex is a rich source of proteases, predominantly ficin. 25664689 2 79 theme rich 222:225 arg1 Latex 211:215 Latex 211:215 Latex 211:215 Latex is a rich source of proteases, predominantly ficin. 25664689 5 80 theme time 520:523 arg1 periods 525:531 different time periods 510:531 different time periods 510:531 RESULTS Comparison of latex samples in different time periods showed a uniform increase of protein concentration in chronological order. 25664689 6 81 theme protease 638:645 arg1 content 612:618 The content 608:618 The content of collagenolytic protease 608:645 The content of collagenolytic protease did not differ significantly in the latex samples, while the content of ficin decreased. 25664689 11 82 from proportions 1219:1229 arg1 present 1198:1204 present 1198:1204 present 1198:1204 CONCLUSION Ficin forms with different casein specificities are present in different proportions during fruit ripening, which is of importance for applications in the dairy industry. 24046061 0 0 theme seedling 87:94 arg1 establishment 96:108 gibberellin-mediated seedling establishment 66:108 gibberellin-mediated seedling establishment 66:108 SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 is a negative regulator of grain filling and gibberellin-mediated seedling establishment in rice. 24046061 5 1 theme grain 756:760 arg1 filling 762:768 grain filling 756:768 grain filling 756:768 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 2 2 theme grain 330:334 arg1 development 336:346 grain development 330:346 grain development 330:346 Here, we characterize the role of the rice transcription factor (TF) SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 (SERF1) during grain development. 24046061 9 3 theme RPBF 1451:1454 arg1 expression 1437:1446 the expression 1433:1446 the expression of RPBF 1433:1454 Our study reveals that SERF1 represents a negative regulator of grain filling and seedling establishment by timing the expression of RPBF. 24046061 0 4 theme gibberellin-mediated 66:85 arg1 establishment 96:108 gibberellin-mediated seedling establishment 66:108 gibberellin-mediated seedling establishment 66:108 SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 is a negative regulator of grain filling and gibberellin-mediated seedling establishment in rice. 24046061 9 5 theme seedling 1400:1407 arg1 establishment 1409:1421 seedling establishment 1400:1421 seedling establishment 1400:1421 Our study reveals that SERF1 represents a negative regulator of grain filling and seedling establishment by timing the expression of RPBF. 24046061 4 6 theme SERF1 670:674 arg1 overexpression 676:689 SERF1 overexpression 670:689 SERF1 overexpression 670:689 Loss of SERF1 enhances RPBF expression resulting in larger grains with increased starch content, while SERF1 overexpression represses RPBF resulting in smaller grains. 24046061 9 7 theme negative 1360:1367 arg1 regulator 1369:1377 a negative regulator 1358:1377 a negative regulator of grain filling and seedling establishment 1358:1421 Our study reveals that SERF1 represents a negative regulator of grain filling and seedling establishment by timing the expression of RPBF. 24046061 2 8 theme factor 282:287 arg1 SERF1 316:320 SERF1 316:320 SERF1 316:320 Here, we characterize the role of the rice transcription factor (TF) SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 (SERF1) during grain development. 24046061 2 8 theme factor 282:287 arg1 ERF1 310:313 the rice transcription factor (TF) SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 259:313 the rice transcription factor (TF) SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 (SERF1) 259:321 Here, we characterize the role of the rice transcription factor (TF) SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 (SERF1) during grain development. 24046061 0 9 theme establishment 96:108 arg1 regulator 35:43 a negative regulator 24:43 a negative regulator of grain filling and gibberellin-mediated seedling establishment in rice 24:116 SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 is a negative regulator of grain filling and gibberellin-mediated seedling establishment in rice. 24046061 0 9 theme establishment 96:108 arg1 ERF1 16:19 SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 0:19 SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 0:19 SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 is a negative regulator of grain filling and gibberellin-mediated seedling establishment in rice. 24046061 2 10 theme transcription 268:280 arg1 TF 290:291 TF 290:291 TF 290:291 Here, we characterize the role of the rice transcription factor (TF) SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 (SERF1) during grain development. 24046061 2 10 theme transcription 268:280 arg1 factor 282:287 rice transcription factor 263:287 the rice transcription factor (TF) SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 (SERF1) 259:321 Here, we characterize the role of the rice transcription factor (TF) SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 (SERF1) during grain development. 24046061 9 11 theme establishment 1409:1421 arg1 regulator 1369:1377 a negative regulator 1358:1377 a negative regulator of grain filling and seedling establishment 1358:1421 Our study reveals that SERF1 represents a negative regulator of grain filling and seedling establishment by timing the expression of RPBF. 24046061 5 12 theme PYROPHOSPHORYLASE 893:909 arg1 AGPL2 927:931 AGPL2 927:931 AGPL2 927:931 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 5 12 theme PYROPHOSPHORYLASE 893:909 arg1 SUBUNIT2 917:924 ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 881:924 ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) 881:932 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 6 13 theme upstream 1005:1012 arg1 regulator 1014:1022 a direct upstream regulator 996:1022 a direct upstream regulator of GBSSI 996:1031 Moreover, SERF1 is a direct upstream regulator of GBSSI. 24046061 6 13 theme upstream 1005:1012 arg1 SERF1 987:991 SERF1 987:991 SERF1 987:991 Moreover, SERF1 is a direct upstream regulator of GBSSI. 24046061 2 14 theme rice 263:266 arg1 TF 290:291 TF 290:291 TF 290:291 Here, we characterize the role of the rice transcription factor (TF) SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 (SERF1) during grain development. 24046061 2 14 theme rice 263:266 arg1 factor 282:287 rice transcription factor 263:287 the rice transcription factor (TF) SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 (SERF1) 259:321 Here, we characterize the role of the rice transcription factor (TF) SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 (SERF1) during grain development. 24046061 5 15 theme ADP-GLUCOSE 881:891 arg1 AGPL2 927:931 AGPL2 927:931 AGPL2 927:931 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 5 15 theme ADP-GLUCOSE 881:891 arg1 SUBUNIT2 917:924 ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 881:924 ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) 881:932 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 4 16 theme increased 638:646 arg1 content 655:661 increased starch content 638:661 increased starch content 638:661 Loss of SERF1 enhances RPBF expression resulting in larger grains with increased starch content, while SERF1 overexpression represses RPBF resulting in smaller grains. 24046061 7 17 theme RPBF 1101:1104 arg1 expression 1106:1115 RPBF expression 1101:1115 RPBF expression 1101:1115 In addition, SERF1 negatively regulates germination by controlling RPBF expression, which mediates the gibberellic acid (GA)-induced expression of RICE AMYLASE1A (RAmy1A). 24046061 0 18 from regulator 35:43 arg1 rice 113:116 rice 113:116 rice 113:116 SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 is a negative regulator of grain filling and gibberellin-mediated seedling establishment in rice. 24046061 5 19 theme LARGE 911:915 arg1 AGPL2 927:931 AGPL2 927:931 AGPL2 927:931 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 5 19 theme LARGE 911:915 arg1 SUBUNIT2 917:924 ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 881:924 ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) 881:932 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 5 20 theme STARCH 845:850 arg1 SSI 863:865 SSI 863:865 SSI 863:865 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 5 20 theme STARCH 845:850 arg1 SYNTHASEI 852:860 STARCH SYNTHASEI 845:860 STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI) 845:866 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 3 21 theme expression 369:378 arg1 profiling 380:388 genome-wide expression profiling 357:388 genome-wide expression profiling 357:388 Through genome-wide expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that SERF1 directly regulates RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR (RPBF), a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling. 24046061 2 22 theme SALT-RESPONSIVE 294:308 arg1 SERF1 316:320 SERF1 316:320 SERF1 316:320 Here, we characterize the role of the rice transcription factor (TF) SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 (SERF1) during grain development. 24046061 2 22 theme SALT-RESPONSIVE 294:308 arg1 ERF1 310:313 the rice transcription factor (TF) SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 259:313 the rice transcription factor (TF) SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 (SERF1) 259:321 Here, we characterize the role of the rice transcription factor (TF) SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 (SERF1) during grain development. 24046061 7 23 theme gibberellic 1137:1147 arg1 GA 1155:1156 GA 1155:1156 GA 1155:1156 In addition, SERF1 negatively regulates germination by controlling RPBF expression, which mediates the gibberellic acid (GA)-induced expression of RICE AMYLASE1A (RAmy1A). 24046061 7 23 theme gibberellic 1137:1147 arg1 acid 1149:1152 gibberellic acid 1137:1152 gibberellic acid (GA) 1137:1157 In addition, SERF1 negatively regulates germination by controlling RPBF expression, which mediates the gibberellic acid (GA)-induced expression of RICE AMYLASE1A (RAmy1A). 24046061 6 24 theme GBSSI 1027:1031 arg1 regulator 1014:1022 a direct upstream regulator 996:1022 a direct upstream regulator of GBSSI 996:1031 Moreover, SERF1 is a direct upstream regulator of GBSSI. 24046061 6 24 theme GBSSI 1027:1031 arg1 SERF1 987:991 SERF1 987:991 SERF1 987:991 Moreover, SERF1 is a direct upstream regulator of GBSSI. 24046061 0 25 theme SALT-RESPONSIVE 0:14 arg1 regulator 35:43 a negative regulator 24:43 a negative regulator of grain filling and gibberellin-mediated seedling establishment in rice 24:116 SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 is a negative regulator of grain filling and gibberellin-mediated seedling establishment in rice. 24046061 0 25 theme SALT-RESPONSIVE 0:14 arg1 ERF1 16:19 SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 0:19 SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 0:19 SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 is a negative regulator of grain filling and gibberellin-mediated seedling establishment in rice. 24046061 3 26 theme grain 552:556 arg1 filling 558:564 grain filling 552:564 grain filling 552:564 Through genome-wide expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that SERF1 directly regulates RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR (RPBF), a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling. 24046061 4 27 theme starch 648:653 arg1 content 655:661 increased starch content 638:661 increased starch content 638:661 Loss of SERF1 enhances RPBF expression resulting in larger grains with increased starch content, while SERF1 overexpression represses RPBF resulting in smaller grains. 24046061 5 28 theme GRANULE-BOUND 805:817 arg1 GBSSI 837:841 GBSSI 837:841 GBSSI 837:841 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 5 28 theme GRANULE-BOUND 805:817 arg1 SYNTHASEI 826:834 GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI 805:834 GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI) 805:842 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 4 29 theme smaller 719:725 arg1 grains 727:732 smaller grains 719:732 smaller grains 719:732 Loss of SERF1 enhances RPBF expression resulting in larger grains with increased starch content, while SERF1 overexpression represses RPBF resulting in smaller grains. 24046061 8 30 theme rapid 1236:1240 arg1 establishment 1251:1263 more rapid seedling establishment 1231:1263 more rapid seedling establishment 1231:1263 Loss of SERF1 results in more rapid seedling establishment, while SERF1 overexpression has the opposite effect. 24046061 9 31 theme grain 1382:1386 arg1 filling 1388:1394 grain filling 1382:1394 grain filling 1382:1394 Our study reveals that SERF1 represents a negative regulator of grain filling and seedling establishment by timing the expression of RPBF. 24046061 3 32 theme positive 530:537 arg1 regulator 539:547 a positive regulator 528:547 a positive regulator of grain filling 528:564 Through genome-wide expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that SERF1 directly regulates RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR (RPBF), a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling. 24046061 3 32 theme positive 530:537 arg1 TF 507:508 a TF 505:508 a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling 505:564 Through genome-wide expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that SERF1 directly regulates RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR (RPBF), a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling. 24046061 1 33 theme grain 197:201 arg1 size 203:206 grain size 197:206 grain size 197:206 Grain quality is an important agricultural trait that is mainly determined by grain size and composition. 24046061 3 34 theme genome-wide 357:367 arg1 profiling 380:388 genome-wide expression profiling 357:388 genome-wide expression profiling 357:388 Through genome-wide expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that SERF1 directly regulates RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR (RPBF), a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling. 24046061 8 35 theme opposite 1301:1308 arg1 effect 1310:1315 the opposite effect 1297:1315 the opposite effect 1297:1315 Loss of SERF1 results in more rapid seedling establishment, while SERF1 overexpression has the opposite effect. 24046061 3 36 theme PROLAMIN-BOX 469:480 arg1 RPBF 498:501 RPBF 498:501 RPBF 498:501 Through genome-wide expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that SERF1 directly regulates RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR (RPBF), a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling. 24046061 3 36 theme PROLAMIN-BOX 469:480 arg1 FACTOR 490:495 RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR 464:495 RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR (RPBF) 464:502 Through genome-wide expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that SERF1 directly regulates RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR (RPBF), a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling. 24046061 3 36 theme PROLAMIN-BOX 469:480 arg1 TF 507:508 a TF 505:508 a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling 505:564 Through genome-wide expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that SERF1 directly regulates RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR (RPBF), a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling. 24046061 8 37 theme seedling 1242:1249 arg1 establishment 1251:1263 more rapid seedling establishment 1231:1263 more rapid seedling establishment 1231:1263 Loss of SERF1 results in more rapid seedling establishment, while SERF1 overexpression has the opposite effect. 24046061 6 38 theme direct 998:1003 arg1 regulator 1014:1022 a direct upstream regulator 996:1022 a direct upstream regulator of GBSSI 996:1031 Moreover, SERF1 is a direct upstream regulator of GBSSI. 24046061 6 38 theme direct 998:1003 arg1 SERF1 987:991 SERF1 987:991 SERF1 987:991 Moreover, SERF1 is a direct upstream regulator of GBSSI. 24046061 0 39 theme negative 26:33 arg1 regulator 35:43 a negative regulator 24:43 a negative regulator of grain filling and gibberellin-mediated seedling establishment in rice 24:116 SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 is a negative regulator of grain filling and gibberellin-mediated seedling establishment in rice. 24046061 0 39 theme negative 26:33 arg1 ERF1 16:19 SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 0:19 SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 0:19 SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 is a negative regulator of grain filling and gibberellin-mediated seedling establishment in rice. 24046061 5 40 theme starch 771:776 arg1 SSIIIa 869:874 SSIIIa 869:874 SSIIIa 869:874 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 5 40 theme starch 771:776 arg1 SYNTHASEI 826:834 GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI 805:834 GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI) 805:842 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 5 40 theme starch 771:776 arg1 genes 791:795 starch biosynthesis genes 771:795 starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) 771:932 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 5 40 theme starch 771:776 arg1 SYNTHASEI 852:860 STARCH SYNTHASEI 845:860 STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI) 845:866 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 5 40 theme starch 771:776 arg1 SUBUNIT2 917:924 ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 881:924 ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) 881:932 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 4 41 theme larger 619:624 arg1 grains 626:631 larger grains 619:631 larger grains with increased starch content 619:661 Loss of SERF1 enhances RPBF expression resulting in larger grains with increased starch content, while SERF1 overexpression represses RPBF resulting in smaller grains. 24046061 0 42 theme grain 48:52 arg1 filling 54:60 grain filling 48:60 grain filling 48:60 SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 is a negative regulator of grain filling and gibberellin-mediated seedling establishment in rice. 24046061 7 43 theme AMYLASE1A 1186:1194 arg1 expression 1167:1176 the gibberellic acid (GA)-induced expression 1133:1176 the gibberellic acid (GA)-induced expression of RICE AMYLASE1A (RAmy1A) 1133:1203 In addition, SERF1 negatively regulates germination by controlling RPBF expression, which mediates the gibberellic acid (GA)-induced expression of RICE AMYLASE1A (RAmy1A). 24046061 3 44 theme filling 558:564 arg1 regulator 539:547 a positive regulator 528:547 a positive regulator of grain filling 528:564 Through genome-wide expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that SERF1 directly regulates RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR (RPBF), a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling. 24046061 3 44 theme filling 558:564 arg1 TF 507:508 a TF 505:508 a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling 505:564 Through genome-wide expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that SERF1 directly regulates RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR (RPBF), a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling. 24046061 1 45 theme Grain 119:123 arg1 trait 162:166 an important agricultural trait 136:166 an important agricultural trait that is mainly determined by grain size and composition 136:222 Grain quality is an important agricultural trait that is mainly determined by grain size and composition. 24046061 1 45 theme Grain 119:123 arg1 quality 125:131 Grain quality 119:131 Grain quality 119:131 Grain quality is an important agricultural trait that is mainly determined by grain size and composition. 24046061 3 46 theme chromatin 394:402 arg1 immunoprecipitation 404:422 chromatin immunoprecipitation 394:422 chromatin immunoprecipitation 394:422 Through genome-wide expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that SERF1 directly regulates RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR (RPBF), a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling. 24046061 8 47 contain has 1293:1295 arg1 overexpression 1278:1291 SERF1 overexpression 1272:1291 SERF1 overexpression 1272:1291 Loss of SERF1 results in more rapid seedling establishment, while SERF1 overexpression has the opposite effect. 24046061 8 47 contain has 1293:1295 arg2 effect 1310:1315 the opposite effect 1297:1315 the opposite effect 1297:1315 Loss of SERF1 results in more rapid seedling establishment, while SERF1 overexpression has the opposite effect. 24046061 4 48 with grains 626:631 arg1 content 655:661 increased starch content 638:661 increased starch content 638:661 Loss of SERF1 enhances RPBF expression resulting in larger grains with increased starch content, while SERF1 overexpression represses RPBF resulting in smaller grains. 24046061 7 49 theme -induced 1158:1165 arg1 expression 1167:1176 the gibberellic acid (GA)-induced expression 1133:1176 the gibberellic acid (GA)-induced expression of RICE AMYLASE1A (RAmy1A) 1133:1203 In addition, SERF1 negatively regulates germination by controlling RPBF expression, which mediates the gibberellic acid (GA)-induced expression of RICE AMYLASE1A (RAmy1A). 24046061 5 50 theme biosynthesis 778:789 arg1 SSIIIa 869:874 SSIIIa 869:874 SSIIIa 869:874 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 5 50 theme biosynthesis 778:789 arg1 SYNTHASEI 826:834 GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI 805:834 GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI) 805:842 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 5 50 theme biosynthesis 778:789 arg1 genes 791:795 starch biosynthesis genes 771:795 starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) 771:932 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 5 50 theme biosynthesis 778:789 arg1 SYNTHASEI 852:860 STARCH SYNTHASEI 845:860 STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI) 845:866 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 5 50 theme biosynthesis 778:789 arg1 SUBUNIT2 917:924 ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 881:924 ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) 881:932 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 5 51 theme SERF1 954:958 arg1 grains 969:974 SERF1 knockout grains 954:974 SERF1 knockout grains 954:974 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 3 52 theme BINDING 482:488 arg1 RPBF 498:501 RPBF 498:501 RPBF 498:501 Through genome-wide expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that SERF1 directly regulates RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR (RPBF), a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling. 24046061 3 52 theme BINDING 482:488 arg1 FACTOR 490:495 RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR 464:495 RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR (RPBF) 464:502 Through genome-wide expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that SERF1 directly regulates RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR (RPBF), a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling. 24046061 3 52 theme BINDING 482:488 arg1 TF 507:508 a TF 505:508 a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling 505:564 Through genome-wide expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that SERF1 directly regulates RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR (RPBF), a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling. 24046061 5 53 theme knockout 960:967 arg1 grains 969:974 SERF1 knockout grains 954:974 SERF1 knockout grains 954:974 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 2 54 theme ERF1 310:313 arg1 role 251:254 the role 247:254 the role of the rice transcription factor (TF) SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 (SERF1) during grain development 247:346 Here, we characterize the role of the rice transcription factor (TF) SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 (SERF1) during grain development. 24046061 8 55 theme SERF1 1272:1276 arg1 overexpression 1278:1291 SERF1 overexpression 1272:1291 SERF1 overexpression 1272:1291 Loss of SERF1 results in more rapid seedling establishment, while SERF1 overexpression has the opposite effect. 24046061 4 56 theme SERF1 575:579 arg1 Loss 567:570 Loss 567:570 Loss of SERF1 567:579 Loss of SERF1 enhances RPBF expression resulting in larger grains with increased starch content, while SERF1 overexpression represses RPBF resulting in smaller grains. 24046061 7 57 theme RICE 1181:1184 arg1 RAmy1A 1197:1202 RAmy1A 1197:1202 RAmy1A 1197:1202 In addition, SERF1 negatively regulates germination by controlling RPBF expression, which mediates the gibberellic acid (GA)-induced expression of RICE AMYLASE1A (RAmy1A). 24046061 7 57 theme RICE 1181:1184 arg1 AMYLASE1A 1186:1194 RICE AMYLASE1A 1181:1194 RICE AMYLASE1A (RAmy1A) 1181:1203 In addition, SERF1 negatively regulates germination by controlling RPBF expression, which mediates the gibberellic acid (GA)-induced expression of RICE AMYLASE1A (RAmy1A). 24046061 8 58 theme SERF1 1214:1218 arg1 Loss 1206:1209 Loss 1206:1209 Loss of SERF1 1206:1218 Loss of SERF1 results in more rapid seedling establishment, while SERF1 overexpression has the opposite effect. 24046061 3 59 theme RICE 464:467 arg1 RPBF 498:501 RPBF 498:501 RPBF 498:501 Through genome-wide expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that SERF1 directly regulates RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR (RPBF), a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling. 24046061 3 59 theme RICE 464:467 arg1 FACTOR 490:495 RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR 464:495 RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR (RPBF) 464:502 Through genome-wide expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that SERF1 directly regulates RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR (RPBF), a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling. 24046061 3 59 theme RICE 464:467 arg1 TF 507:508 a TF 505:508 a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling 505:564 Through genome-wide expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that SERF1 directly regulates RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR (RPBF), a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling. 24046061 1 60 theme important 139:147 arg1 trait 162:166 an important agricultural trait 136:166 an important agricultural trait that is mainly determined by grain size and composition 136:222 Grain quality is an important agricultural trait that is mainly determined by grain size and composition. 24046061 1 60 theme important 139:147 arg1 quality 125:131 Grain quality 119:131 Grain quality 119:131 Grain quality is an important agricultural trait that is mainly determined by grain size and composition. 24046061 9 61 theme filling 1388:1394 arg1 regulator 1369:1377 a negative regulator 1358:1377 a negative regulator of grain filling and seedling establishment 1358:1421 Our study reveals that SERF1 represents a negative regulator of grain filling and seedling establishment by timing the expression of RPBF. 24046061 0 62 theme filling 54:60 arg1 regulator 35:43 a negative regulator 24:43 a negative regulator of grain filling and gibberellin-mediated seedling establishment in rice 24:116 SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 is a negative regulator of grain filling and gibberellin-mediated seedling establishment in rice. 24046061 0 62 theme filling 54:60 arg1 ERF1 16:19 SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 0:19 SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 0:19 SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 is a negative regulator of grain filling and gibberellin-mediated seedling establishment in rice. 24046061 5 63 theme STARCH 819:824 arg1 GBSSI 837:841 GBSSI 837:841 GBSSI 837:841 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 5 63 theme STARCH 819:824 arg1 SYNTHASEI 826:834 GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI 805:834 GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI) 805:842 Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. 24046061 1 64 theme agricultural 149:160 arg1 trait 162:166 an important agricultural trait 136:166 an important agricultural trait that is mainly determined by grain size and composition 136:222 Grain quality is an important agricultural trait that is mainly determined by grain size and composition. 24046061 1 64 theme agricultural 149:160 arg1 quality 125:131 Grain quality 119:131 Grain quality 119:131 Grain quality is an important agricultural trait that is mainly determined by grain size and composition. 24046061 4 65 theme RPBF 590:593 arg1 expression 595:604 RPBF expression 590:604 RPBF expression resulting in larger grains with increased starch content 590:661 Loss of SERF1 enhances RPBF expression resulting in larger grains with increased starch content, while SERF1 overexpression represses RPBF resulting in smaller grains. 27147067 4 0 theme growth 345:350 arg1 range 352:356 pH growth range 342:356 pH growth range 342:356 Strain SA1(T) was found to grow optimally at 30 °C and pH 7 (pH growth range, pH 7-9). 27147067 4 0 theme growth 345:350 arg1 pH 359:360 pH 7-9 359:364 pH 7-9 359:364 Strain SA1(T) was found to grow optimally at 30 °C and pH 7 (pH growth range, pH 7-9). 27147067 5 1 theme Phylogenetic 368:379 arg1 analyses 381:388 Phylogenetic analyses 368:388 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) 368:428 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) showed that the organism belongs to the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus and forms a branch within the genus Deinococcus, with Deinococcus actinosclerus BM2(T) as a close relative (99.8 % sequence similarity). 27147067 9 2 theme phosphoglycolipids 1244:1261 arg1 presence 1198:1205 the presence 1194:1205 the presence of several unidentified glycolipids, phosphoglycolipids, phospholipids, aminophospholipids and unidentified lipids 1194:1320 The polar lipid profile of strain SA1(T) showed the presence of several unidentified glycolipids, phosphoglycolipids, phospholipids, aminophospholipids and unidentified lipids. 27147067 6 3 theme negative 691:698 arg1 oxidase 683:689 oxidase negative 683:698 oxidase negative 683:698 The strain was found to be catalase positive and oxidase negative and to metabolise 2-ketogluconate, acetate, D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline and n-valerate. 27147067 2 4 theme Gram-negative 82:94 arg1 strain 96:101 A Gram-negative strain 80:101 A Gram-negative strain 80:101 A Gram-negative strain, designated SA1(T), was isolated from a sand specimen from Yangyang Beach, South Korea. 27147067 11 5 theme T 1555:1555 arg1 T 1570:1570 T 1570:1570 T 1570:1570 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridisation and biochemical characteristics, strain SA1(T) (=KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T)) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 11 5 theme T 1555:1555 arg1 31047 1564:1568 =KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047 1543:1568 =KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T) 1543:1571 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridisation and biochemical characteristics, strain SA1(T) (=KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T)) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 5 6 theme SA1 423:425 arg1 sequence 411:418 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 393:418 the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) 393:428 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) showed that the organism belongs to the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus and forms a branch within the genus Deinococcus, with Deinococcus actinosclerus BM2(T) as a close relative (99.8 % sequence similarity). 27147067 8 7 theme respiratory 1062:1072 arg1 menaquinone 1100:1110 menaquinone 1100:1110 menaquinone with eight isoprene units (MK-8) 1100:1143 The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone with eight isoprene units (MK-8). 27147067 8 7 theme respiratory 1062:1072 arg1 quinone 1074:1080 The predominant respiratory quinone 1046:1080 The predominant respiratory quinone 1046:1080 The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone with eight isoprene units (MK-8). 27147067 9 8 theme polar 1150:1154 arg1 profile 1162:1168 The polar lipid profile 1146:1168 The polar lipid profile of strain SA1(T) 1146:1185 The polar lipid profile of strain SA1(T) showed the presence of several unidentified glycolipids, phosphoglycolipids, phospholipids, aminophospholipids and unidentified lipids. 27147067 9 9 theme phospholipids 1264:1276 arg1 presence 1198:1205 the presence 1194:1205 the presence of several unidentified glycolipids, phosphoglycolipids, phospholipids, aminophospholipids and unidentified lipids 1194:1320 The polar lipid profile of strain SA1(T) showed the presence of several unidentified glycolipids, phosphoglycolipids, phospholipids, aminophospholipids and unidentified lipids. 27147067 10 10 theme abundant 1345:1352 arg1 C17:0 1427:1431 C17:0 1427:1431 C17:0 1427:1431 In addition, the most abundant fatty acids of strain SA1(T) were identified as C15:1 ω6c, C16:1 ω7c and C17:0. 27147067 10 10 theme abundant 1345:1352 arg1 acids 1360:1364 the most abundant fatty acids 1336:1364 the most abundant fatty acids of strain SA1(T) 1336:1381 In addition, the most abundant fatty acids of strain SA1(T) were identified as C15:1 ω6c, C16:1 ω7c and C17:0. 27147067 10 10 theme abundant 1345:1352 arg1 ω6c 1408:1410 ω6c 1408:1410 ω6c 1408:1410 In addition, the most abundant fatty acids of strain SA1(T) were identified as C15:1 ω6c, C16:1 ω7c and C17:0. 27147067 10 10 theme abundant 1345:1352 arg1 ω7c 1419:1421 ω7c 1419:1421 ω7c 1419:1421 In addition, the most abundant fatty acids of strain SA1(T) were identified as C15:1 ω6c, C16:1 ω7c and C17:0. 27147067 9 11 theme lipid 1156:1160 arg1 profile 1162:1168 The polar lipid profile 1146:1168 The polar lipid profile of strain SA1(T) 1146:1185 The polar lipid profile of strain SA1(T) showed the presence of several unidentified glycolipids, phosphoglycolipids, phospholipids, aminophospholipids and unidentified lipids. 27147067 7 12 theme G + C 945:949 arg1 % 993:993 69.5 mol % 984:993 69.5 mol % 984:993 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition of the DNA was 69.5 mol %, as determined by the thermal denaturation method. 27147067 7 12 theme G + C 945:949 arg1 composition 957:967 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition 918:967 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition of the DNA 918:978 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition of the DNA was 69.5 mol %, as determined by the thermal denaturation method. 27147067 5 13 theme phylum 470:475 arg1 Deinococcus-Thermus 477:495 the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus 466:495 the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus 466:495 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) showed that the organism belongs to the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus and forms a branch within the genus Deinococcus, with Deinococcus actinosclerus BM2(T) as a close relative (99.8 % sequence similarity). 27147067 11 14 theme arenae 1673:1678 arg1 sp 1680:1681 the name Deinococcus arenae sp 1652:1681 the name Deinococcus arenae sp 1652:1681 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridisation and biochemical characteristics, strain SA1(T) (=KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T)) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 9 15 theme aminophospholipids 1279:1296 arg1 presence 1198:1205 the presence 1194:1205 the presence of several unidentified glycolipids, phosphoglycolipids, phospholipids, aminophospholipids and unidentified lipids 1194:1320 The polar lipid profile of strain SA1(T) showed the presence of several unidentified glycolipids, phosphoglycolipids, phospholipids, aminophospholipids and unidentified lipids. 27147067 10 16 theme SA1 1376:1378 arg1 C17:0 1427:1431 C17:0 1427:1431 C17:0 1427:1431 In addition, the most abundant fatty acids of strain SA1(T) were identified as C15:1 ω6c, C16:1 ω7c and C17:0. 27147067 10 16 theme SA1 1376:1378 arg1 acids 1360:1364 the most abundant fatty acids 1336:1364 the most abundant fatty acids of strain SA1(T) 1336:1381 In addition, the most abundant fatty acids of strain SA1(T) were identified as C15:1 ω6c, C16:1 ω7c and C17:0. 27147067 10 16 theme SA1 1376:1378 arg1 ω6c 1408:1410 ω6c 1408:1410 ω6c 1408:1410 In addition, the most abundant fatty acids of strain SA1(T) were identified as C15:1 ω6c, C16:1 ω7c and C17:0. 27147067 10 16 theme SA1 1376:1378 arg1 ω7c 1419:1421 ω7c 1419:1421 ω7c 1419:1421 In addition, the most abundant fatty acids of strain SA1(T) were identified as C15:1 ω6c, C16:1 ω7c and C17:0. 27147067 5 17 theme Deinococcus 551:561 arg1 BM2 577:579 Deinococcus actinosclerus BM2 551:579 Deinococcus actinosclerus BM2(T) as a close relative (99.8 % sequence similarity) 551:631 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) showed that the organism belongs to the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus and forms a branch within the genus Deinococcus, with Deinococcus actinosclerus BM2(T) as a close relative (99.8 % sequence similarity). 27147067 5 17 theme Deinococcus 551:561 arg1 T 581:581 T 581:581 T 581:581 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) showed that the organism belongs to the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus and forms a branch within the genus Deinococcus, with Deinococcus actinosclerus BM2(T) as a close relative (99.8 % sequence similarity). 27147067 4 18 theme pH 342:343 arg1 range 352:356 pH growth range 342:356 pH growth range 342:356 Strain SA1(T) was found to grow optimally at 30 °C and pH 7 (pH growth range, pH 7-9). 27147067 4 18 theme pH 342:343 arg1 pH 359:360 pH 7-9 359:364 pH 7-9 359:364 Strain SA1(T) was found to grow optimally at 30 °C and pH 7 (pH growth range, pH 7-9). 27147067 5 19 theme rRNA 401:404 arg1 sequence 411:418 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 393:418 the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) 393:428 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) showed that the organism belongs to the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus and forms a branch within the genus Deinococcus, with Deinococcus actinosclerus BM2(T) as a close relative (99.8 % sequence similarity). 27147067 7 20 theme cytosine 935:942 arg1 % 993:993 69.5 mol % 984:993 69.5 mol % 984:993 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition of the DNA was 69.5 mol %, as determined by the thermal denaturation method. 27147067 7 20 theme cytosine 935:942 arg1 composition 957:967 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition 918:967 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition of the DNA 918:978 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition of the DNA was 69.5 mol %, as determined by the thermal denaturation method. 27147067 11 21 theme DNA-DNA 1473:1479 arg1 hybridisation 1481:1493 DNA-DNA hybridisation 1473:1493 DNA-DNA hybridisation 1473:1493 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridisation and biochemical characteristics, strain SA1(T) (=KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T)) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 6 22 dep L-proline 892:900 arg1 D-glucose 767:775 L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline 746:900 D-glucose 767:775 The strain was found to be catalase positive and oxidase negative and to metabolise 2-ketogluconate, acetate, D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline and n-valerate. 27147067 6 22 dep L-proline 892:900 arg1 D-mannose 801:809 L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline 746:900 D-mannose 801:809 The strain was found to be catalase positive and oxidase negative and to metabolise 2-ketogluconate, acetate, D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline and n-valerate. 27147067 6 22 dep L-proline 892:900 arg1 L-malate 882:889 L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline 746:900 L-malate 882:889 The strain was found to be catalase positive and oxidase negative and to metabolise 2-ketogluconate, acetate, D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline and n-valerate. 27147067 6 22 dep L-proline 892:900 arg1 D-melibiose 812:822 L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline 746:900 D-melibiose 812:822 The strain was found to be catalase positive and oxidase negative and to metabolise 2-ketogluconate, acetate, D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline and n-valerate. 27147067 6 22 dep L-proline 892:900 arg1 glycogen 848:855 L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline 746:900 glycogen 848:855 The strain was found to be catalase positive and oxidase negative and to metabolise 2-ketogluconate, acetate, D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline and n-valerate. 27147067 6 22 dep L-proline 892:900 arg1 D-maltose 778:786 L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline 746:900 D-maltose 778:786 The strain was found to be catalase positive and oxidase negative and to metabolise 2-ketogluconate, acetate, D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline and n-valerate. 27147067 6 22 dep L-proline 892:900 arg1 L-alanine 858:866 L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline 746:900 L-alanine 858:866 The strain was found to be catalase positive and oxidase negative and to metabolise 2-ketogluconate, acetate, D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline and n-valerate. 27147067 6 22 dep L-proline 892:900 arg1 D-mannitol 789:798 L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline 746:900 D-mannitol 789:798 The strain was found to be catalase positive and oxidase negative and to metabolise 2-ketogluconate, acetate, D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline and n-valerate. 27147067 6 22 dep L-proline 892:900 arg1 D-sorbitol 825:834 L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline 746:900 D-sorbitol 825:834 The strain was found to be catalase positive and oxidase negative and to metabolise 2-ketogluconate, acetate, D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline and n-valerate. 27147067 6 22 dep L-proline 892:900 arg1 D-sucrose 837:845 L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline 746:900 D-sucrose 837:845 The strain was found to be catalase positive and oxidase negative and to metabolise 2-ketogluconate, acetate, D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline and n-valerate. 27147067 6 22 dep L-proline 892:900 arg1 L-histidine 869:879 L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline 746:900 L-histidine 869:879 The strain was found to be catalase positive and oxidase negative and to metabolise 2-ketogluconate, acetate, D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline and n-valerate. 27147067 0 23 theme arenae 12:17 arg1 sp 19:20 Deinococcus arenae sp 0:20 Deinococcus arenae sp. 0:21 Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 11 24 theme  = JCM 1557:1562 arg1 T 1570:1570 T 1570:1570 T 1570:1570 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridisation and biochemical characteristics, strain SA1(T) (=KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T)) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 11 24 theme  = JCM 1557:1562 arg1 31047 1564:1568 =KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047 1543:1568 =KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T) 1543:1571 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridisation and biochemical characteristics, strain SA1(T) (=KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T)) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 5 25 theme gene 406:409 arg1 sequence 411:418 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 393:418 the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) 393:428 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) showed that the organism belongs to the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus and forms a branch within the genus Deinococcus, with Deinococcus actinosclerus BM2(T) as a close relative (99.8 % sequence similarity). 27147067 9 26 theme unidentified 1302:1313 arg1 lipids 1315:1320 unidentified lipids 1302:1320 unidentified lipids 1302:1320 The polar lipid profile of strain SA1(T) showed the presence of several unidentified glycolipids, phosphoglycolipids, phospholipids, aminophospholipids and unidentified lipids. 27147067 7 27 theme plus 930:933 arg1 % 993:993 69.5 mol % 984:993 69.5 mol % 984:993 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition of the DNA was 69.5 mol %, as determined by the thermal denaturation method. 27147067 7 27 theme plus 930:933 arg1 composition 957:967 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition 918:967 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition of the DNA 918:978 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition of the DNA was 69.5 mol %, as determined by the thermal denaturation method. 27147067 9 28 theme SA1 1180:1182 arg1 profile 1162:1168 The polar lipid profile 1146:1168 The polar lipid profile of strain SA1(T) 1146:1185 The polar lipid profile of strain SA1(T) showed the presence of several unidentified glycolipids, phosphoglycolipids, phospholipids, aminophospholipids and unidentified lipids. 27147067 0 29 theme Deinococcus 0:10 arg1 sp 19:20 Deinococcus arenae sp 0:20 Deinococcus arenae sp. 0:21 Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 1 30 attach isolated 45:52 arg2 species 37:43 a novel species 29:43 a novel species isolated from sand in South Korea 29:77 nov., a novel species isolated from sand in South Korea. 27147067 1 30 attach isolated 45:52 arg1 sand 59:62 sand 59:62 sand 59:62 nov., a novel species isolated from sand in South Korea. 27147067 4 31 theme Strain 281:286 arg1 T 292:292 T 292:292 T 292:292 Strain SA1(T) was found to grow optimally at 30 °C and pH 7 (pH growth range, pH 7-9). 27147067 4 31 theme Strain 281:286 arg1 SA1 288:290 Strain SA1 281:290 Strain SA1(T) 281:293 Strain SA1(T) was found to grow optimally at 30 °C and pH 7 (pH growth range, pH 7-9). 27147067 9 32 theme lipids 1315:1320 arg1 presence 1198:1205 the presence 1194:1205 the presence of several unidentified glycolipids, phosphoglycolipids, phospholipids, aminophospholipids and unidentified lipids 1194:1320 The polar lipid profile of strain SA1(T) showed the presence of several unidentified glycolipids, phosphoglycolipids, phospholipids, aminophospholipids and unidentified lipids. 27147067 2 33 from Korea 184:188 arg1 specimen 148:155 a sand specimen 141:155 a sand specimen from Yangyang Beach, South Korea 141:188 A Gram-negative strain, designated SA1(T), was isolated from a sand specimen from Yangyang Beach, South Korea. 27147067 10 34 theme strain 1369:1374 arg1 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 In addition, the most abundant fatty acids of strain SA1(T) were identified as C15:1 ω6c, C16:1 ω7c and C17:0. 27147067 10 34 theme strain 1369:1374 arg1 SA1 1376:1378 strain SA1 1369:1378 strain SA1(T) 1369:1381 In addition, the most abundant fatty acids of strain SA1(T) were identified as C15:1 ω6c, C16:1 ω7c and C17:0. 27147067 5 35 theme 99.8 605:608 arg1 % 610:610 % 610:610 % 610:610 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) showed that the organism belongs to the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus and forms a branch within the genus Deinococcus, with Deinococcus actinosclerus BM2(T) as a close relative (99.8 % sequence similarity). 27147067 5 36 theme sequence 411:418 arg1 analyses 381:388 Phylogenetic analyses 368:388 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) 368:428 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) showed that the organism belongs to the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus and forms a branch within the genus Deinococcus, with Deinococcus actinosclerus BM2(T) as a close relative (99.8 % sequence similarity). 27147067 3 37 theme SA1 204:206 arg1 cells 195:199 The cells 191:199 The cells of SA1(T) 191:209 The cells of SA1(T) were observed to be red pigmented, strictly aerobic, non-motile rods. 27147067 3 37 theme SA1 204:206 arg1 rods 275:278 red pigmented, strictly aerobic, non-motile rods 231:278 red pigmented, strictly aerobic, non-motile rods 231:278 The cells of SA1(T) were observed to be red pigmented, strictly aerobic, non-motile rods. 27147067 5 38 theme sequence 612:619 arg1 similarity 621:630 99.8 % sequence similarity 605:630 99.8 % sequence similarity 605:630 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) showed that the organism belongs to the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus and forms a branch within the genus Deinococcus, with Deinococcus actinosclerus BM2(T) as a close relative (99.8 % sequence similarity). 27147067 5 38 theme sequence 612:619 arg1 relative 595:602 a close relative 587:602 a close relative (99.8 % sequence similarity) 587:631 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) showed that the organism belongs to the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus and forms a branch within the genus Deinococcus, with Deinococcus actinosclerus BM2(T) as a close relative (99.8 % sequence similarity). 27147067 5 39 theme % 610:610 arg1 similarity 621:630 99.8 % sequence similarity 605:630 99.8 % sequence similarity 605:630 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) showed that the organism belongs to the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus and forms a branch within the genus Deinococcus, with Deinococcus actinosclerus BM2(T) as a close relative (99.8 % sequence similarity). 27147067 5 39 theme % 610:610 arg1 relative 595:602 a close relative 587:602 a close relative (99.8 % sequence similarity) 587:631 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) showed that the organism belongs to the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus and forms a branch within the genus Deinococcus, with Deinococcus actinosclerus BM2(T) as a close relative (99.8 % sequence similarity). 27147067 11 40 theme biochemical 1499:1509 arg1 characteristics 1511:1525 biochemical characteristics 1499:1525 biochemical characteristics 1499:1525 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridisation and biochemical characteristics, strain SA1(T) (=KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T)) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 11 41 theme Deinococcus 1629:1639 arg1 species 1608:1614 a novel species 1600:1614 a novel species 1600:1614 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridisation and biochemical characteristics, strain SA1(T) (=KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T)) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 11 42 theme phylogenetic 1450:1461 arg1 analyses 1463:1470 phylogenetic analyses 1450:1470 phylogenetic analyses 1450:1470 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridisation and biochemical characteristics, strain SA1(T) (=KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T)) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 8 43 theme isoprene 1123:1130 arg1 MK-8 1139:1142 MK-8 1139:1142 MK-8 1139:1142 The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone with eight isoprene units (MK-8). 27147067 8 43 theme isoprene 1123:1130 arg1 units 1132:1136 eight isoprene units 1117:1136 eight isoprene units (MK-8) 1117:1143 The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone with eight isoprene units (MK-8). 27147067 2 44 attach isolated 127:134 arg1 specimen 148:155 a sand specimen 141:155 a sand specimen from Yangyang Beach, South Korea 141:188 A Gram-negative strain, designated SA1(T), was isolated from a sand specimen from Yangyang Beach, South Korea. 27147067 2 44 attach isolated 127:134 arg2 strain 96:101 A Gram-negative strain 80:101 A Gram-negative strain 80:101 A Gram-negative strain, designated SA1(T), was isolated from a sand specimen from Yangyang Beach, South Korea. 27147067 4 45 dep pH 336:337 arg1 range 352:356 pH growth range 342:356 pH growth range 342:356 Strain SA1(T) was found to grow optimally at 30 °C and pH 7 (pH growth range, pH 7-9). 27147067 4 45 dep pH 336:337 arg1 pH 359:360 pH 7-9 359:364 pH 7-9 359:364 Strain SA1(T) was found to grow optimally at 30 °C and pH 7 (pH growth range, pH 7-9). 27147067 7 46 theme thermal 1017:1023 arg1 method 1038:1043 the thermal denaturation method 1013:1043 the thermal denaturation method 1013:1043 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition of the DNA was 69.5 mol %, as determined by the thermal denaturation method. 27147067 3 47 dep pigmented 235:243 arg1 non-motile 264:273 non-motile 264:273 non-motile 264:273 The cells of SA1(T) were observed to be red pigmented, strictly aerobic, non-motile rods. 27147067 3 47 dep pigmented 235:243 arg1 aerobic 255:261 aerobic 255:261 aerobic 255:261 The cells of SA1(T) were observed to be red pigmented, strictly aerobic, non-motile rods. 27147067 11 48 theme novel 1602:1606 arg1 species 1608:1614 a novel species 1600:1614 a novel species 1600:1614 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridisation and biochemical characteristics, strain SA1(T) (=KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T)) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 11 49 theme name 1656:1659 arg1 sp 1680:1681 the name Deinococcus arenae sp 1652:1681 the name Deinococcus arenae sp 1652:1681 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridisation and biochemical characteristics, strain SA1(T) (=KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T)) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 7 50 theme denaturation 1025:1036 arg1 method 1038:1043 the thermal denaturation method 1013:1043 the thermal denaturation method 1013:1043 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition of the DNA was 69.5 mol %, as determined by the thermal denaturation method. 27147067 10 51 theme fatty 1354:1358 arg1 C17:0 1427:1431 C17:0 1427:1431 C17:0 1427:1431 In addition, the most abundant fatty acids of strain SA1(T) were identified as C15:1 ω6c, C16:1 ω7c and C17:0. 27147067 10 51 theme fatty 1354:1358 arg1 acids 1360:1364 the most abundant fatty acids 1336:1364 the most abundant fatty acids of strain SA1(T) 1336:1381 In addition, the most abundant fatty acids of strain SA1(T) were identified as C15:1 ω6c, C16:1 ω7c and C17:0. 27147067 10 51 theme fatty 1354:1358 arg1 ω6c 1408:1410 ω6c 1408:1410 ω6c 1408:1410 In addition, the most abundant fatty acids of strain SA1(T) were identified as C15:1 ω6c, C16:1 ω7c and C17:0. 27147067 10 51 theme fatty 1354:1358 arg1 ω7c 1419:1421 ω7c 1419:1421 ω7c 1419:1421 In addition, the most abundant fatty acids of strain SA1(T) were identified as C15:1 ω6c, C16:1 ω7c and C17:0. 27147067 5 52 theme close 589:593 arg1 similarity 621:630 99.8 % sequence similarity 605:630 99.8 % sequence similarity 605:630 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) showed that the organism belongs to the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus and forms a branch within the genus Deinococcus, with Deinococcus actinosclerus BM2(T) as a close relative (99.8 % sequence similarity). 27147067 5 52 theme close 589:593 arg1 relative 595:602 a close relative 587:602 a close relative (99.8 % sequence similarity) 587:631 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) showed that the organism belongs to the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus and forms a branch within the genus Deinococcus, with Deinococcus actinosclerus BM2(T) as a close relative (99.8 % sequence similarity). 27147067 7 53 theme DNA 976:978 arg1 % 993:993 69.5 mol % 984:993 69.5 mol % 984:993 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition of the DNA was 69.5 mol %, as determined by the thermal denaturation method. 27147067 7 53 theme DNA 976:978 arg1 composition 957:967 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition 918:967 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition of the DNA 918:978 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition of the DNA was 69.5 mol %, as determined by the thermal denaturation method. 27147067 11 54 theme Deinococcus 1661:1671 arg1 sp 1680:1681 the name Deinococcus arenae sp 1652:1681 the name Deinococcus arenae sp 1652:1681 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridisation and biochemical characteristics, strain SA1(T) (=KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T)) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 11 55 dep SA1 1535:1537 arg1 T 1570:1570 T 1570:1570 T 1570:1570 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridisation and biochemical characteristics, strain SA1(T) (=KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T)) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 11 55 dep SA1 1535:1537 arg1 31047 1564:1568 =KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047 1543:1568 =KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T) 1543:1571 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridisation and biochemical characteristics, strain SA1(T) (=KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T)) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 5 56 theme genus 527:531 arg1 Deinococcus 533:543 the genus Deinococcus 523:543 the genus Deinococcus 523:543 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) showed that the organism belongs to the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus and forms a branch within the genus Deinococcus, with Deinococcus actinosclerus BM2(T) as a close relative (99.8 % sequence similarity). 27147067 6 57 theme metabolise 707:716 arg1 2-ketogluconate 718:732 metabolise 2-ketogluconate 707:732 metabolise 2-ketogluconate 707:732 The strain was found to be catalase positive and oxidase negative and to metabolise 2-ketogluconate, acetate, D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate, D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-melibiose, D-sorbitol, D-sucrose, glycogen, L-alanine, L-histidine, L-malate, L-proline and n-valerate. 27147067 5 58 dep Deinococcus 551:561 arg1 actinosclerus 563:575 actinosclerus 563:575 actinosclerus 563:575 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) showed that the organism belongs to the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus and forms a branch within the genus Deinococcus, with Deinococcus actinosclerus BM2(T) as a close relative (99.8 % sequence similarity). 27147067 11 59 dep analyses 1463:1470 arg1 basis 1441:1445 basis 1441:1445 basis 1441:1445 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridisation and biochemical characteristics, strain SA1(T) (=KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T)) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 11 59 dep analyses 1463:1470 arg1 the 1437:1439 the 1437:1439 the 1437:1439 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridisation and biochemical characteristics, strain SA1(T) (=KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T)) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 11 60 theme =KCTC 1543:1547 arg1 T 1570:1570 T 1570:1570 T 1570:1570 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridisation and biochemical characteristics, strain SA1(T) (=KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T)) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 11 60 theme =KCTC 1543:1547 arg1 31047 1564:1568 =KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047 1543:1568 =KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T) 1543:1571 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridisation and biochemical characteristics, strain SA1(T) (=KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T)) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 11 61 theme strain 1528:1533 arg1 T 1539:1539 T 1539:1539 T 1539:1539 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridisation and biochemical characteristics, strain SA1(T) (=KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T)) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 11 61 theme strain 1528:1533 arg1 SA1 1535:1537 strain SA1 1528:1537 strain SA1(T) (=KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T)) 1528:1572 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridisation and biochemical characteristics, strain SA1(T) (=KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T)) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 2 62 theme sand 143:146 arg1 specimen 148:155 a sand specimen 141:155 a sand specimen from Yangyang Beach, South Korea 141:188 A Gram-negative strain, designated SA1(T), was isolated from a sand specimen from Yangyang Beach, South Korea. 27147067 5 63 theme 16S 397:399 arg1 rRNA 401:404 the 16S rRNA 393:404 the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) 393:428 Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of SA1(T) showed that the organism belongs to the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus and forms a branch within the genus Deinococcus, with Deinococcus actinosclerus BM2(T) as a close relative (99.8 % sequence similarity). 27147067 1 64 dep species 37:43 arg1 nov. 23:26 nov. 23:26 nov. 23:26 nov., a novel species isolated from sand in South Korea. 27147067 8 65 with menaquinone 1100:1110 arg1 MK-8 1139:1142 MK-8 1139:1142 MK-8 1139:1142 The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone with eight isoprene units (MK-8). 27147067 8 65 with menaquinone 1100:1110 arg1 units 1132:1136 eight isoprene units 1117:1136 eight isoprene units (MK-8) 1117:1143 The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone with eight isoprene units (MK-8). 27147067 11 66 theme genus 1623:1627 arg1 Deinococcus 1629:1639 the genus Deinococcus 1619:1639 the genus Deinococcus 1619:1639 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridisation and biochemical characteristics, strain SA1(T) (=KCTC 33741(T) = JCM 31047(T)) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus arenae sp. 27147067 9 67 theme unidentified 1218:1229 arg1 glycolipids 1231:1241 several unidentified glycolipids 1210:1241 several unidentified glycolipids 1210:1241 The polar lipid profile of strain SA1(T) showed the presence of several unidentified glycolipids, phosphoglycolipids, phospholipids, aminophospholipids and unidentified lipids. 27147067 9 68 theme several 1210:1216 arg1 glycolipids 1231:1241 several unidentified glycolipids 1210:1241 several unidentified glycolipids 1210:1241 The polar lipid profile of strain SA1(T) showed the presence of several unidentified glycolipids, phosphoglycolipids, phospholipids, aminophospholipids and unidentified lipids. 27147067 3 69 theme red 231:233 arg1 cells 195:199 The cells 191:199 The cells of SA1(T) 191:209 The cells of SA1(T) were observed to be red pigmented, strictly aerobic, non-motile rods. 27147067 3 69 theme red 231:233 arg1 rods 275:278 red pigmented, strictly aerobic, non-motile rods 231:278 red pigmented, strictly aerobic, non-motile rods 231:278 The cells of SA1(T) were observed to be red pigmented, strictly aerobic, non-motile rods. 27147067 9 70 theme glycolipids 1231:1241 arg1 presence 1198:1205 the presence 1194:1205 the presence of several unidentified glycolipids, phosphoglycolipids, phospholipids, aminophospholipids and unidentified lipids 1194:1320 The polar lipid profile of strain SA1(T) showed the presence of several unidentified glycolipids, phosphoglycolipids, phospholipids, aminophospholipids and unidentified lipids. 27147067 8 71 theme predominant 1050:1060 arg1 menaquinone 1100:1110 menaquinone 1100:1110 menaquinone with eight isoprene units (MK-8) 1100:1143 The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone with eight isoprene units (MK-8). 27147067 8 71 theme predominant 1050:1060 arg1 quinone 1074:1080 The predominant respiratory quinone 1046:1080 The predominant respiratory quinone 1046:1080 The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone with eight isoprene units (MK-8). 27147067 9 72 theme strain 1173:1178 arg1 SA1 1180:1182 strain SA1 1173:1182 strain SA1(T) 1173:1185 The polar lipid profile of strain SA1(T) showed the presence of several unidentified glycolipids, phosphoglycolipids, phospholipids, aminophospholipids and unidentified lipids. 27147067 9 72 theme strain 1173:1178 arg1 T 1184:1184 T 1184:1184 T 1184:1184 The polar lipid profile of strain SA1(T) showed the presence of several unidentified glycolipids, phosphoglycolipids, phospholipids, aminophospholipids and unidentified lipids. 27147067 3 73 theme pigmented 235:243 arg1 cells 195:199 The cells 191:199 The cells of SA1(T) 191:209 The cells of SA1(T) were observed to be red pigmented, strictly aerobic, non-motile rods. 27147067 3 73 theme pigmented 235:243 arg1 rods 275:278 red pigmented, strictly aerobic, non-motile rods 231:278 red pigmented, strictly aerobic, non-motile rods 231:278 The cells of SA1(T) were observed to be red pigmented, strictly aerobic, non-motile rods. 27147067 1 74 theme novel 31:35 arg1 species 37:43 a novel species 29:43 a novel species isolated from sand in South Korea 29:77 nov., a novel species isolated from sand in South Korea. 27147067 7 75 theme guanine 922:928 arg1 % 993:993 69.5 mol % 984:993 69.5 mol % 984:993 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition of the DNA was 69.5 mol %, as determined by the thermal denaturation method. 27147067 7 75 theme guanine 922:928 arg1 composition 957:967 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition 918:967 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition of the DNA 918:978 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition of the DNA was 69.5 mol %, as determined by the thermal denaturation method. 27147067 7 76 theme base 952:955 arg1 % 993:993 69.5 mol % 984:993 69.5 mol % 984:993 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition of the DNA was 69.5 mol %, as determined by the thermal denaturation method. 27147067 7 76 theme base 952:955 arg1 composition 957:967 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition 918:967 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition of the DNA 918:978 The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) base composition of the DNA was 69.5 mol %, as determined by the thermal denaturation method. 26745497 7 0 theme body 1015:1018 arg1 temperature 1020:1030 body temperature 1015:1030 body temperature 1015:1030 In obese subjects body temperature was higher than in normal-weight subjects. 26745497 11 1 theme Subclinical 1603:1613 arg1 endotoxemia 1625:1635 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia 1592:1635 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides 1592:1692 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 9 2 theme coli 1254:1257 arg1 decrease 1239:1246 A decrease 1237:1246 A decrease of E. coli 1237:1257 A decrease of E. coli was associated with an increased risk of lipopolysaccharide levels ranging from 1 to 1.3 EU/ml. 26745497 7 3 theme obese 1000:1004 arg1 subjects 1006:1013 obese subjects 1000:1013 obese subjects 1000:1013 In obese subjects body temperature was higher than in normal-weight subjects. 26745497 1 4 theme weight 249:254 arg1 gain 256:259 weight gain 249:259 weight gain 249:259 BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays an important role in human metabolism; previous studies suggest that the imbalance can cause a metabolic endotoxemia that may be linked to weight gain and insulin resistance. 26745497 8 5 theme Lactobacillus 1126:1138 arg1 numbers 1162:1168 lower numbers 1156:1168 lower numbers of Prevotella and Escherichia coli (p < 0.001) 1156:1215 We found a greater number of Clostridum leptum and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) and lower numbers of Prevotella and Escherichia coli (p < 0.001) in the obese group. 26745497 8 5 theme Lactobacillus 1126:1138 arg1 number 1094:1099 a greater number 1084:1099 a greater number of Clostridum leptum and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) 1084:1150 We found a greater number of Clostridum leptum and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) and lower numbers of Prevotella and Escherichia coli (p < 0.001) in the obese group. 26745497 10 6 theme serum 1396:1400 arg1 lipopolysaccharides 1402:1420 serum lipopolysaccharides 1396:1420 serum lipopolysaccharides 1396:1420 A positive correlation was found between serum lipopolysaccharides and BMI (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) as well as waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040), being more evident in young obese females. 26745497 10 7 theme waist 1506:1510 arg1 circumference 1512:1524 waist circumference 1506:1524 waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040) 1506:1546 A positive correlation was found between serum lipopolysaccharides and BMI (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) as well as waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040), being more evident in young obese females. 26745497 4 8 theme intestinal 622:631 arg1 bacteria 633:640 intestinal bacteria 622:640 intestinal bacteria 622:640 Quantification of intestinal bacteria was performed by real-time PCR. 26745497 10 9 theme = 1433:1433 arg1 r 1431:1431 r 1431:1431 r = 0.46 1431:1438 A positive correlation was found between serum lipopolysaccharides and BMI (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) as well as waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040), being more evident in young obese females. 26745497 10 10 dep = 1433:1433 arg1 0.46 1435:1438 0.46 1435:1438 0.46 1435:1438 A positive correlation was found between serum lipopolysaccharides and BMI (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) as well as waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040), being more evident in young obese females. 26745497 8 11 theme greater 1086:1092 arg1 number 1094:1099 a greater number 1084:1099 a greater number of Clostridum leptum and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) 1084:1150 We found a greater number of Clostridum leptum and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) and lower numbers of Prevotella and Escherichia coli (p < 0.001) in the obese group. 26745497 10 12 theme = 1529:1529 arg1 r 1527:1527 r 1527:1527 r = 0.34 1527:1534 A positive correlation was found between serum lipopolysaccharides and BMI (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) as well as waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040), being more evident in young obese females. 26745497 9 13 theme lipopolysaccharide 1300:1317 arg1 levels 1319:1324 lipopolysaccharide levels 1300:1324 lipopolysaccharide levels ranging from 1 to 1.3 EU/ml 1300:1352 A decrease of E. coli was associated with an increased risk of lipopolysaccharide levels ranging from 1 to 1.3 EU/ml. 26745497 1 14 dep BACKGROUND 74:83 arg1 microbiota 93:102 The gut microbiota 85:102 BACKGROUND The gut microbiota 74:102 BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays an important role in human metabolism; previous studies suggest that the imbalance can cause a metabolic endotoxemia that may be linked to weight gain and insulin resistance. 26745497 11 15 theme obese 1792:1796 arg1 persons 1804:1810 obese young persons 1792:1810 obese young persons 1792:1810 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 3 16 theme BMI 515:517 arg1 kg/m2 524:528 BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 515:528 BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 515:528 METHODS We studied 32 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 32 normal-weight subjects (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), aged 18-25 years. 26745497 3 16 theme BMI 515:517 arg1 obese 508:512 obese 508:512 obese 508:512 METHODS We studied 32 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 32 normal-weight subjects (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), aged 18-25 years. 26745497 11 17 from amount 1722:1727 arg1 persons 1804:1810 obese young persons 1792:1810 obese young persons 1792:1810 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 5 18 theme Endotoxin 674:682 arg1 units 684:688 Endotoxin units 674:688 Endotoxin units 674:688 Endotoxin units were determined with the test QCL-1000, and biochemical profile was performed under a standard protocol of Spinreact. 26745497 3 19 theme BMI 562:564 arg1 kg/m2 578:582 BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 562:582 BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 562:582 METHODS We studied 32 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 32 normal-weight subjects (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), aged 18-25 years. 26745497 3 19 theme BMI 562:564 arg1 subjects 552:559 32 normal-weight subjects 535:559 32 normal-weight subjects (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) 535:583 METHODS We studied 32 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 32 normal-weight subjects (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), aged 18-25 years. 26745497 8 20 theme leptum 1115:1120 arg1 numbers 1162:1168 lower numbers 1156:1168 lower numbers of Prevotella and Escherichia coli (p < 0.001) 1156:1215 We found a greater number of Clostridum leptum and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) and lower numbers of Prevotella and Escherichia coli (p < 0.001) in the obese group. 26745497 8 20 theme leptum 1115:1120 arg1 number 1094:1099 a greater number 1084:1099 a greater number of Clostridum leptum and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) 1084:1150 We found a greater number of Clostridum leptum and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) and lower numbers of Prevotella and Escherichia coli (p < 0.001) in the obese group. 26745497 1 21 theme important 113:121 arg1 role 123:126 an important role 110:126 an important role 110:126 BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays an important role in human metabolism; previous studies suggest that the imbalance can cause a metabolic endotoxemia that may be linked to weight gain and insulin resistance. 26745497 8 22 theme Prevotella 1173:1182 arg1 numbers 1162:1168 lower numbers 1156:1168 lower numbers of Prevotella and Escherichia coli (p < 0.001) 1156:1215 We found a greater number of Clostridum leptum and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) and lower numbers of Prevotella and Escherichia coli (p < 0.001) in the obese group. 26745497 8 22 theme Prevotella 1173:1182 arg1 number 1094:1099 a greater number 1084:1099 a greater number of Clostridum leptum and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) 1084:1150 We found a greater number of Clostridum leptum and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) and lower numbers of Prevotella and Escherichia coli (p < 0.001) in the obese group. 26745497 11 23 theme levels 1759:1764 arg1 levels 1759:1764 high triglyceride levels 1741:1764 high triglyceride levels 1741:1764 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 11 23 theme levels 1759:1764 arg1 amount 1722:1727 the smallest amount 1709:1727 the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons 1709:1810 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 11 23 theme levels 1759:1764 arg1 adiposity 1779:1787 central adiposity 1771:1787 central adiposity in obese young persons 1771:1810 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 11 24 dep levels 1759:1764 arg1 coli 1735:1738 E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons 1732:1810 coli 1735:1738 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 10 25 dep circumference 1512:1524 arg1 = 1539:1539 = 1539:1539 = 1539:1539 A positive correlation was found between serum lipopolysaccharides and BMI (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) as well as waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040), being more evident in young obese females. 26745497 0 26 theme Mexican 56:62 arg1 Subjects 64:71 Young Obese Mexican Subjects 44:71 Young Obese Mexican Subjects 44:71 Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Endotoxemia in Young Obese Mexican Subjects. 26745497 11 27 theme E. 1732:1733 arg1 levels 1759:1764 high triglyceride levels 1741:1764 high triglyceride levels 1741:1764 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 1 28 theme previous 149:156 arg1 studies 158:164 previous studies 149:164 previous studies 149:164 BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays an important role in human metabolism; previous studies suggest that the imbalance can cause a metabolic endotoxemia that may be linked to weight gain and insulin resistance. 26745497 6 29 theme total 916:920 arg1 mg/dl 947:951 168 vs. 142 mg/dl 935:951 168 vs. 142 mg/dl 935:951 RESULTS Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). 26745497 6 29 theme total 916:920 arg1 cholesterol 922:932 total cholesterol 916:932 total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl) 916:952 RESULTS Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). 26745497 10 30 dep = 1486:1486 arg1 r 1474:1474 r 1474:1474 r = 0.44 1474:1481 A positive correlation was found between serum lipopolysaccharides and BMI (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) as well as waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040), being more evident in young obese females. 26745497 11 31 from persons 1804:1810 arg1 levels 1759:1764 high triglyceride levels 1741:1764 high triglyceride levels 1741:1764 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 11 31 from persons 1804:1810 arg1 amount 1722:1727 the smallest amount 1709:1727 the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons 1709:1810 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 11 31 from persons 1804:1810 arg1 adiposity 1779:1787 central adiposity 1771:1787 central adiposity in obese young persons 1771:1810 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 2 32 theme lipopolysaccharide 391:408 arg1 levels 410:415 the lipopolysaccharide levels 387:415 the lipopolysaccharide levels 387:415 The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota composition, the lipopolysaccharide levels and the metabolic profile in obese and normal-weight young subjects. 26745497 11 33 theme serum 1651:1655 arg1 concentration 1657:1669 serum concentration 1651:1669 serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides 1651:1692 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 3 34 dep METHODS 486:492 arg1 studied 497:503 studied 497:503 studied 32 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 32 normal-weight subjects (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), aged 18-25 years 497:601 METHODS We studied 32 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 32 normal-weight subjects (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), aged 18-25 years. 26745497 0 35 from Endotoxemia 29:39 arg1 Subjects 64:71 Young Obese Mexican Subjects 44:71 Young Obese Mexican Subjects 44:71 Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Endotoxemia in Young Obese Mexican Subjects. 26745497 2 36 theme gut 359:361 arg1 composition 374:384 the gut microbiota composition 355:384 the gut microbiota composition 355:384 The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota composition, the lipopolysaccharide levels and the metabolic profile in obese and normal-weight young subjects. 26745497 0 37 theme Gut 0:2 arg1 Microbiota 4:13 Gut Microbiota 0:13 Gut Microbiota 0:13 Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Endotoxemia in Young Obese Mexican Subjects. 26745497 1 38 theme gut 89:91 arg1 microbiota 93:102 The gut microbiota 85:102 BACKGROUND The gut microbiota 74:102 BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays an important role in human metabolism; previous studies suggest that the imbalance can cause a metabolic endotoxemia that may be linked to weight gain and insulin resistance. 26745497 5 39 theme standard 776:783 arg1 protocol 785:792 a standard protocol 774:792 a standard protocol of Spinreact 774:805 Endotoxin units were determined with the test QCL-1000, and biochemical profile was performed under a standard protocol of Spinreact. 26745497 1 40 theme insulin 265:271 arg1 resistance 273:282 insulin resistance 265:282 insulin resistance 265:282 BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays an important role in human metabolism; previous studies suggest that the imbalance can cause a metabolic endotoxemia that may be linked to weight gain and insulin resistance. 26745497 2 41 theme normal-weight 456:468 arg1 subjects 476:483 obese and normal-weight young subjects 446:483 obese and normal-weight young subjects 446:483 The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota composition, the lipopolysaccharide levels and the metabolic profile in obese and normal-weight young subjects. 26745497 5 42 theme biochemical 734:744 arg1 profile 746:752 biochemical profile 734:752 biochemical profile 734:752 Endotoxin units were determined with the test QCL-1000, and biochemical profile was performed under a standard protocol of Spinreact. 26745497 6 43 theme Obese 816:820 arg1 individuals 822:832 RESULTS Obese individuals 808:832 RESULTS Obese individuals 808:832 RESULTS Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). 26745497 2 44 theme obese 446:450 arg1 subjects 476:483 obese and normal-weight young subjects 446:483 obese and normal-weight young subjects 446:483 The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota composition, the lipopolysaccharide levels and the metabolic profile in obese and normal-weight young subjects. 26745497 10 45 theme positive 1357:1364 arg1 correlation 1366:1376 A positive correlation 1355:1376 A positive correlation 1355:1376 A positive correlation was found between serum lipopolysaccharides and BMI (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) as well as waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040), being more evident in young obese females. 26745497 10 46 theme young 1571:1575 arg1 females 1583:1589 young obese females 1571:1589 young obese females 1571:1589 A positive correlation was found between serum lipopolysaccharides and BMI (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) as well as waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040), being more evident in young obese females. 26745497 0 47 theme Young 44:48 arg1 Subjects 64:71 Young Obese Mexican Subjects 44:71 Young Obese Mexican Subjects 44:71 Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Endotoxemia in Young Obese Mexican Subjects. 26745497 2 48 from composition 374:384 arg1 subjects 476:483 obese and normal-weight young subjects 446:483 obese and normal-weight young subjects 446:483 The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota composition, the lipopolysaccharide levels and the metabolic profile in obese and normal-weight young subjects. 26745497 5 49 theme test 715:718 arg1 QCL-1000 720:727 the test QCL-1000 711:727 the test QCL-1000 711:727 Endotoxin units were determined with the test QCL-1000, and biochemical profile was performed under a standard protocol of Spinreact. 26745497 2 50 theme study 305:309 arg1 purpose 289:295 The purpose 285:295 The purpose of this study 285:309 The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota composition, the lipopolysaccharide levels and the metabolic profile in obese and normal-weight young subjects. 26745497 1 51 theme metabolic 205:213 arg1 endotoxemia 215:225 a metabolic endotoxemia 203:225 a metabolic endotoxemia that may be linked to weight gain and insulin resistance 203:282 BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays an important role in human metabolism; previous studies suggest that the imbalance can cause a metabolic endotoxemia that may be linked to weight gain and insulin resistance. 26745497 11 52 theme triglyceride 1746:1757 arg1 levels 1759:1764 high triglyceride levels 1741:1764 high triglyceride levels 1741:1764 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 11 53 from adiposity 1779:1787 arg1 persons 1804:1810 obese young persons 1792:1810 obese young persons 1792:1810 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 10 54 dep levels 1466:1471 arg1 = 1486:1486 = 1486:1486 = 1486:1486 A positive correlation was found between serum lipopolysaccharides and BMI (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) as well as waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040), being more evident in young obese females. 26745497 11 55 theme metabolic 1615:1623 arg1 endotoxemia 1625:1635 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia 1592:1635 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides 1592:1692 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 6 56 theme kg/m2 865:869 arg1 mg/dl 947:951 168 vs. 142 mg/dl 935:951 168 vs. 142 mg/dl 935:951 RESULTS Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). 26745497 6 56 theme kg/m2 865:869 arg1 cholesterol 922:932 total cholesterol 916:932 total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl) 916:952 RESULTS Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). 26745497 6 56 theme kg/m2 865:869 arg1 BMI 840:842 a BMI 838:842 a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2 838:869 RESULTS Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). 26745497 6 56 theme kg/m2 865:869 arg1 mg/dl 989:993 114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl 976:993 114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl 976:993 RESULTS Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). 26745497 6 56 theme kg/m2 865:869 arg1 LDL-cholesterol 959:973 LDL-cholesterol 959:973 LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl) 959:994 RESULTS Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). 26745497 6 56 theme kg/m2 865:869 arg1 triglycerides 882:894 increased triglycerides 872:894 increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl) 872:913 RESULTS Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). 26745497 6 56 theme kg/m2 865:869 arg1 mg/dl 908:912 123 vs. 70 mg/dl 897:912 123 vs. 70 mg/dl 897:912 RESULTS Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). 26745497 2 57 from levels 410:415 arg1 subjects 476:483 obese and normal-weight young subjects 446:483 obese and normal-weight young subjects 446:483 The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota composition, the lipopolysaccharide levels and the metabolic profile in obese and normal-weight young subjects. 26745497 11 58 theme CONCLUSION 1592:1601 arg1 endotoxemia 1625:1635 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia 1592:1635 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides 1592:1692 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 10 59 from females 1583:1589 arg1 evident 1560:1566 evident 1560:1566 evident 1560:1566 A positive correlation was found between serum lipopolysaccharides and BMI (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) as well as waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040), being more evident in young obese females. 26745497 11 60 from levels 1759:1764 arg1 persons 1804:1810 obese young persons 1792:1810 obese young persons 1792:1810 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 3 61 theme ≥ 519:519 arg1 kg/m2 524:528 BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 515:528 BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 515:528 METHODS We studied 32 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 32 normal-weight subjects (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), aged 18-25 years. 26745497 3 61 theme ≥ 519:519 arg1 obese 508:512 obese 508:512 obese 508:512 METHODS We studied 32 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 32 normal-weight subjects (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), aged 18-25 years. 26745497 8 62 theme lower 1156:1160 arg1 numbers 1162:1168 lower numbers 1156:1168 lower numbers of Prevotella and Escherichia coli (p < 0.001) 1156:1215 We found a greater number of Clostridum leptum and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) and lower numbers of Prevotella and Escherichia coli (p < 0.001) in the obese group. 26745497 11 63 theme high 1741:1744 arg1 levels 1759:1764 high triglyceride levels 1741:1764 high triglyceride levels 1741:1764 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 11 64 theme adiposity 1779:1787 arg1 levels 1759:1764 high triglyceride levels 1741:1764 high triglyceride levels 1741:1764 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 11 64 theme adiposity 1779:1787 arg1 amount 1722:1727 the smallest amount 1709:1727 the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons 1709:1810 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 11 64 theme adiposity 1779:1787 arg1 adiposity 1779:1787 central adiposity 1771:1787 central adiposity in obese young persons 1771:1810 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 9 65 theme increased 1282:1290 arg1 risk 1292:1295 an increased risk 1279:1295 an increased risk of lipopolysaccharide levels ranging from 1 to 1.3 EU/ml 1279:1352 A decrease of E. coli was associated with an increased risk of lipopolysaccharide levels ranging from 1 to 1.3 EU/ml. 26745497 2 66 from profile 435:441 arg1 subjects 476:483 obese and normal-weight young subjects 446:483 obese and normal-weight young subjects 446:483 The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota composition, the lipopolysaccharide levels and the metabolic profile in obese and normal-weight young subjects. 26745497 10 67 dep = 1539:1539 arg1 r 1527:1527 r 1527:1527 r = 0.34 1527:1534 A positive correlation was found between serum lipopolysaccharides and BMI (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) as well as waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040), being more evident in young obese females. 26745497 10 68 dep BMI 1426:1428 arg1 = 1443:1443 = 1443:1443 = 1443:1443 A positive correlation was found between serum lipopolysaccharides and BMI (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) as well as waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040), being more evident in young obese females. 26745497 11 69 theme smallest 1713:1720 arg1 levels 1759:1764 high triglyceride levels 1741:1764 high triglyceride levels 1741:1764 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 11 69 theme smallest 1713:1720 arg1 amount 1722:1727 the smallest amount 1709:1727 the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons 1709:1810 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 11 69 theme smallest 1713:1720 arg1 adiposity 1779:1787 central adiposity 1771:1787 central adiposity in obese young persons 1771:1810 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 9 70 theme levels 1319:1324 arg1 risk 1292:1295 an increased risk 1279:1295 an increased risk of lipopolysaccharide levels ranging from 1 to 1.3 EU/ml 1279:1352 A decrease of E. coli was associated with an increased risk of lipopolysaccharide levels ranging from 1 to 1.3 EU/ml. 26745497 11 71 theme young 1798:1802 arg1 persons 1804:1810 obese young persons 1792:1810 obese young persons 1792:1810 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 3 72 theme normal-weight 538:550 arg1 kg/m2 578:582 BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 562:582 BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 562:582 METHODS We studied 32 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 32 normal-weight subjects (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), aged 18-25 years. 26745497 3 72 theme normal-weight 538:550 arg1 subjects 552:559 32 normal-weight subjects 535:559 32 normal-weight subjects (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) 535:583 METHODS We studied 32 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 32 normal-weight subjects (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), aged 18-25 years. 26745497 6 73 theme increased 872:880 arg1 triglycerides 882:894 increased triglycerides 872:894 increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl) 872:913 RESULTS Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). 26745497 6 73 theme increased 872:880 arg1 mg/dl 908:912 123 vs. 70 mg/dl 897:912 123 vs. 70 mg/dl 897:912 RESULTS Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). 26745497 10 74 dep = 1529:1529 arg1 0.34 1531:1534 0.34 1531:1534 0.34 1531:1534 A positive correlation was found between serum lipopolysaccharides and BMI (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) as well as waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040), being more evident in young obese females. 26745497 1 75 attach linked 239:244 arg1 gain 256:259 weight gain 249:259 weight gain 249:259 BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays an important role in human metabolism; previous studies suggest that the imbalance can cause a metabolic endotoxemia that may be linked to weight gain and insulin resistance. 26745497 1 75 attach linked 239:244 arg1 resistance 273:282 insulin resistance 265:282 insulin resistance 265:282 BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays an important role in human metabolism; previous studies suggest that the imbalance can cause a metabolic endotoxemia that may be linked to weight gain and insulin resistance. 26745497 1 75 attach linked 239:244 arg2 endotoxemia 215:225 a metabolic endotoxemia 203:225 a metabolic endotoxemia that may be linked to weight gain and insulin resistance 203:282 BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays an important role in human metabolism; previous studies suggest that the imbalance can cause a metabolic endotoxemia that may be linked to weight gain and insulin resistance. 26745497 10 76 dep = 1443:1443 arg1 r 1431:1431 r 1431:1431 r = 0.46 1431:1438 A positive correlation was found between serum lipopolysaccharides and BMI (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) as well as waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040), being more evident in young obese females. 26745497 6 77 contain had 834:836 arg2 LDL-cholesterol 959:973 LDL-cholesterol 959:973 LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl) 959:994 RESULTS Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). 26745497 6 77 contain had 834:836 arg2 triglycerides 882:894 increased triglycerides 872:894 increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl) 872:913 RESULTS Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). 26745497 6 77 contain had 834:836 arg2 cholesterol 922:932 total cholesterol 916:932 total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl) 916:952 RESULTS Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). 26745497 6 77 contain had 834:836 arg2 BMI 840:842 a BMI 838:842 a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2 838:869 RESULTS Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). 26745497 6 77 contain had 834:836 arg2 mg/dl 908:912 123 vs. 70 mg/dl 897:912 123 vs. 70 mg/dl 897:912 RESULTS Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). 26745497 6 77 contain had 834:836 arg2 mg/dl 947:951 168 vs. 142 mg/dl 935:951 168 vs. 142 mg/dl 935:951 RESULTS Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). 26745497 6 77 contain had 834:836 arg1 individuals 822:832 RESULTS Obese individuals 808:832 RESULTS Obese individuals 808:832 RESULTS Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). 26745497 6 77 contain had 834:836 arg2 mg/dl 989:993 114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl 976:993 114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl 976:993 RESULTS Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). 26745497 3 78 theme = 566:566 arg1 kg/m2 578:582 BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 562:582 BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 562:582 METHODS We studied 32 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 32 normal-weight subjects (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), aged 18-25 years. 26745497 3 78 theme = 566:566 arg1 subjects 552:559 32 normal-weight subjects 535:559 32 normal-weight subjects (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) 535:583 METHODS We studied 32 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 32 normal-weight subjects (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), aged 18-25 years. 26745497 1 79 theme human 131:135 arg1 metabolism 137:146 human metabolism 131:146 human metabolism 131:146 BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays an important role in human metabolism; previous studies suggest that the imbalance can cause a metabolic endotoxemia that may be linked to weight gain and insulin resistance. 26745497 4 80 theme bacteria 633:640 arg1 Quantification 604:617 Quantification 604:617 Quantification of intestinal bacteria 604:640 Quantification of intestinal bacteria was performed by real-time PCR. 26745497 2 81 theme young 470:474 arg1 subjects 476:483 obese and normal-weight young subjects 446:483 obese and normal-weight young subjects 446:483 The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota composition, the lipopolysaccharide levels and the metabolic profile in obese and normal-weight young subjects. 26745497 0 82 from Microbiota 4:13 arg1 Subjects 64:71 Young Obese Mexican Subjects 44:71 Young Obese Mexican Subjects 44:71 Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Endotoxemia in Young Obese Mexican Subjects. 26745497 8 83 theme coli 1200:1203 arg1 numbers 1162:1168 lower numbers 1156:1168 lower numbers of Prevotella and Escherichia coli (p < 0.001) 1156:1215 We found a greater number of Clostridum leptum and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) and lower numbers of Prevotella and Escherichia coli (p < 0.001) in the obese group. 26745497 8 83 theme coli 1200:1203 arg1 number 1094:1099 a greater number 1084:1099 a greater number of Clostridum leptum and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) 1084:1150 We found a greater number of Clostridum leptum and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) and lower numbers of Prevotella and Escherichia coli (p < 0.001) in the obese group. 26745497 11 84 theme central 1771:1777 arg1 adiposity 1779:1787 central adiposity 1771:1787 central adiposity in obese young persons 1771:1810 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 8 85 theme p 1206:1206 arg1 coli 1200:1203 Escherichia coli 1188:1203 Escherichia coli (p < 0.001) 1188:1215 We found a greater number of Clostridum leptum and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) and lower numbers of Prevotella and Escherichia coli (p < 0.001) in the obese group. 26745497 8 85 theme p 1206:1206 arg1 < 1208:1208 p < 0.001 1206:1214 p < 0.001 1206:1214 We found a greater number of Clostridum leptum and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) and lower numbers of Prevotella and Escherichia coli (p < 0.001) in the obese group. 26745497 8 86 theme < 1143:1143 arg1 p 1141:1141 p < 0.001 1141:1149 p < 0.001 1141:1149 We found a greater number of Clostridum leptum and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) and lower numbers of Prevotella and Escherichia coli (p < 0.001) in the obese group. 26745497 8 86 theme < 1143:1143 arg1 Lactobacillus 1126:1138 Lactobacillus 1126:1138 Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) 1126:1150 We found a greater number of Clostridum leptum and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) and lower numbers of Prevotella and Escherichia coli (p < 0.001) in the obese group. 26745497 2 87 theme microbiota 363:372 arg1 composition 374:384 the gut microbiota composition 355:384 the gut microbiota composition 355:384 The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota composition, the lipopolysaccharide levels and the metabolic profile in obese and normal-weight young subjects. 26745497 2 88 theme metabolic 425:433 arg1 profile 435:441 the metabolic profile 421:441 the metabolic profile 421:441 The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota composition, the lipopolysaccharide levels and the metabolic profile in obese and normal-weight young subjects. 26745497 0 89 theme Metabolic 19:27 arg1 Endotoxemia 29:39 Metabolic Endotoxemia 19:39 Metabolic Endotoxemia 19:39 Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Endotoxemia in Young Obese Mexican Subjects. 26745497 8 90 theme obese 1224:1228 arg1 group 1230:1234 the obese group 1220:1234 the obese group 1220:1234 We found a greater number of Clostridum leptum and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) and lower numbers of Prevotella and Escherichia coli (p < 0.001) in the obese group. 26745497 10 91 theme = 1476:1476 arg1 r 1474:1474 r 1474:1474 r = 0.44 1474:1481 A positive correlation was found between serum lipopolysaccharides and BMI (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) as well as waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040), being more evident in young obese females. 26745497 5 92 theme Spinreact 797:805 arg1 protocol 785:792 a standard protocol 774:792 a standard protocol of Spinreact 774:805 Endotoxin units were determined with the test QCL-1000, and biochemical profile was performed under a standard protocol of Spinreact. 26745497 10 93 from evident 1560:1566 arg1 females 1583:1589 young obese females 1571:1589 young obese females 1571:1589 A positive correlation was found between serum lipopolysaccharides and BMI (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) as well as waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040), being more evident in young obese females. 26745497 10 94 theme obese 1577:1581 arg1 females 1583:1589 young obese females 1571:1589 young obese females 1571:1589 A positive correlation was found between serum lipopolysaccharides and BMI (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) as well as waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040), being more evident in young obese females. 26745497 11 95 theme lipopolysaccharides 1674:1692 arg1 concentration 1657:1669 serum concentration 1651:1669 serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides 1651:1692 CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons. 26745497 0 96 theme Obese 50:54 arg1 Subjects 64:71 Young Obese Mexican Subjects 44:71 Young Obese Mexican Subjects 44:71 Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Endotoxemia in Young Obese Mexican Subjects. 26745497 6 97 theme RESULTS 808:814 arg1 individuals 822:832 RESULTS Obese individuals 808:832 RESULTS Obese individuals 808:832 RESULTS Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). 26745497 10 98 dep = 1476:1476 arg1 0.44 1478:1481 0.44 1478:1481 0.44 1478:1481 A positive correlation was found between serum lipopolysaccharides and BMI (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) as well as waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040), being more evident in young obese females. 26745497 10 99 theme triglyceride 1453:1464 arg1 levels 1466:1471 triglyceride levels 1453:1471 triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) 1453:1493 A positive correlation was found between serum lipopolysaccharides and BMI (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) as well as waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040), being more evident in young obese females. 26745497 7 100 theme normal-weight 1051:1063 arg1 subjects 1065:1072 normal-weight subjects 1051:1072 normal-weight subjects 1051:1072 In obese subjects body temperature was higher than in normal-weight subjects. 26745497 4 101 theme real-time 659:667 arg1 PCR 669:671 real-time PCR 659:671 real-time PCR 659:671 Quantification of intestinal bacteria was performed by real-time PCR. 24763260 0 0 theme cartilage 163:171 arg1 defect 173:178 articular cartilage defect 153:178 articular cartilage defect in rabbits 153:189 Combined effects of connective tissue growth factor-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds on the repair of articular cartilage defect in rabbits. 24763260 11 1 theme high-loading 1995:2006 arg1 sites 2008:2012 high-loading sites 1995:2012 high-loading sites 1995:2012 These findings suggested that a combination of CTGF-modified BMMSCs and NaOH-treated PLGA may be an alternative treatment for large osteochondral defects in high-loading sites. 24763260 4 2 theme composite 885:893 arg1 effects 870:876 The effects 866:876 The effects of the composite on the repair of cartilage defects 866:928 The effects of the composite on the repair of cartilage defects were evaluated in rabbit knee joints in vivo. 24763260 6 3 theme = 1162:1162 arg1 BMMSCs/PLGA 1147:1157 BMMSCs/PLGA 1147:1157 BMMSCs/PLGA (n = 18) 1147:1166 Defects were either left empty (n = 18) or implanted with BMMSCs/PLGA (n = 18), BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18), or CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18). 24763260 6 3 theme = 1162:1162 arg1 n 1160:1160 n = 18 1160:1165 n = 18 1160:1165 Defects were either left empty (n = 18) or implanted with BMMSCs/PLGA (n = 18), BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18), or CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18). 24763260 5 4 dep mm 1022:1023 arg1 depth 1026:1030 depth 1026:1030 diameter: 5 mm; depth: 3 mm 1010:1036 Full-thickness cartilage defects (diameter: 5 mm; depth: 3 mm) were created unilaterally in the patellar groove. 24763260 5 4 dep mm 1022:1023 arg1 mm 1035:1036 3 mm 1033:1036 diameter: 5 mm; depth: 3 mm 1010:1036 Full-thickness cartilage defects (diameter: 5 mm; depth: 3 mm) were created unilaterally in the patellar groove. 24763260 3 5 theme PLGA 691:694 arg1 scaffolds 696:704 PLGA or NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds 670:704 scaffolds 696:704 In the present study, BMMSCs or CTGF-modified BMMSCs seeded on PLGA or NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds were incubated in vitro and NaOH-treated PLGA significantly stimulated proliferation of BMMSCs, while CTGF gene transfer promoted chondrogenic differentiation. 24763260 0 6 theme articular 153:161 arg1 cartilage 163:171 articular cartilage 153:171 articular cartilage defect in rabbits 153:189 Combined effects of connective tissue growth factor-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds on the repair of articular cartilage defect in rabbits. 24763260 11 7 theme large 1964:1968 arg1 defects 1984:1990 large osteochondral defects 1964:1990 large osteochondral defects in high-loading sites 1964:2012 These findings suggested that a combination of CTGF-modified BMMSCs and NaOH-treated PLGA may be an alternative treatment for large osteochondral defects in high-loading sites. 24763260 1 8 theme cartilage 195:203 arg1 engineering 212:222 cartilage tissue engineering 195:222 cartilage tissue engineering using stem cells 195:239 In cartilage tissue engineering using stem cells, it is important to stimulate proliferation and control the differentiation of stem cells to specific lineages. 24763260 4 9 theme defects 922:928 arg1 repair 902:907 the repair 898:907 the repair of cartilage defects 898:928 The effects of the composite on the repair of cartilage defects were evaluated in rabbit knee joints in vivo. 24763260 11 10 theme osteochondral 1970:1982 arg1 defects 1984:1990 large osteochondral defects 1964:1990 large osteochondral defects in high-loading sites 1964:2012 These findings suggested that a combination of CTGF-modified BMMSCs and NaOH-treated PLGA may be an alternative treatment for large osteochondral defects in high-loading sites. 24763260 10 11 dep in 1729:1730 arg1 vivo 1732:1735 vivo 1732:1735 vivo 1732:1735 The in vivo viability of the implanted cells was demonstrated by their retention for 6 weeks after implantation. 24763260 1 12 theme stem 230:233 arg1 cells 235:239 stem cells 230:239 stem cells 230:239 In cartilage tissue engineering using stem cells, it is important to stimulate proliferation and control the differentiation of stem cells to specific lineages. 24763260 7 13 theme defect 1260:1265 arg1 area 1267:1270 The defect area 1256:1270 The defect area 1256:1270 The defect area was examined grossly, histologically, and mechanically at 6, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively. 24763260 6 14 theme CTGF-modified 1207:1219 arg1 n 1247:1247 n = 18 1247:1252 n = 18 1247:1252 Defects were either left empty (n = 18) or implanted with BMMSCs/PLGA (n = 18), BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18), or CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18). 24763260 6 14 theme CTGF-modified 1207:1219 arg1 PLGA 1241:1244 CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA 1207:1244 CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18) 1207:1253 Defects were either left empty (n = 18) or implanted with BMMSCs/PLGA (n = 18), BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18), or CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18). 24763260 9 15 theme gross 1639:1643 arg1 examination 1645:1655 gross examination 1639:1655 gross examination 1639:1655 Overall, the CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA group showed successful hyaline-like cartilage regeneration similar to normal cartilage, which was superior to the other groups using gross examination, qualitative and quantitative histology, and mechanical assessment. 24763260 0 16 theme defect 173:178 arg1 repair 143:148 the repair 139:148 the repair of articular cartilage defect in rabbits 139:189 Combined effects of connective tissue growth factor-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds on the repair of articular cartilage defect in rabbits. 24763260 11 17 theme NaOH-treated 1910:1921 arg1 PLGA 1923:1926 NaOH-treated PLGA 1910:1926 NaOH-treated PLGA 1910:1926 These findings suggested that a combination of CTGF-modified BMMSCs and NaOH-treated PLGA may be an alternative treatment for large osteochondral defects in high-loading sites. 24763260 3 18 theme chondrogenic 836:847 arg1 differentiation 849:863 chondrogenic differentiation 836:863 chondrogenic differentiation 836:863 In the present study, BMMSCs or CTGF-modified BMMSCs seeded on PLGA or NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds were incubated in vitro and NaOH-treated PLGA significantly stimulated proliferation of BMMSCs, while CTGF gene transfer promoted chondrogenic differentiation. 24763260 2 19 theme tissue 509:514 arg1 factor 523:528 connective tissue growth factor 498:528 connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene 498:540 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 2 19 theme tissue 509:514 arg1 CTGF 531:534 CTGF 531:534 CTGF 531:534 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 0 20 theme marrow-derived 66:79 arg1 cells 98:102 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 61:102 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 61:102 Combined effects of connective tissue growth factor-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds on the repair of articular cartilage defect in rabbits. 24763260 1 21 theme specific 334:341 arg1 lineages 343:350 specific lineages 334:350 specific lineages 334:350 In cartilage tissue engineering using stem cells, it is important to stimulate proliferation and control the differentiation of stem cells to specific lineages. 24763260 11 22 theme BMMSCs 1899:1904 arg1 combination 1870:1880 a combination 1868:1880 a combination of CTGF-modified BMMSCs and NaOH-treated PLGA 1868:1926 These findings suggested that a combination of CTGF-modified BMMSCs and NaOH-treated PLGA may be an alternative treatment for large osteochondral defects in high-loading sites. 24763260 11 22 theme BMMSCs 1899:1904 arg1 treatment 1950:1958 an alternative treatment 1935:1958 an alternative treatment for large osteochondral defects in high-loading sites 1935:2012 These findings suggested that a combination of CTGF-modified BMMSCs and NaOH-treated PLGA may be an alternative treatment for large osteochondral defects in high-loading sites. 24763260 8 23 theme Implanted 1367:1375 arg1 cells 1377:1381 Implanted cells 1367:1381 Implanted cells 1367:1381 Implanted cells were tracked using adeno-LacZ labeling at 6 weeks after implantation. 24763260 0 24 theme stem 93:96 arg1 cells 98:102 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 61:102 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 61:102 Combined effects of connective tissue growth factor-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds on the repair of articular cartilage defect in rabbits. 24763260 2 25 theme acid 584:587 arg1 scaffolds 596:604 NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds 546:604 NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds 546:604 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 4 26 theme rabbit 948:953 arg1 joints 960:965 rabbit knee joints 948:965 rabbit knee joints 948:965 The effects of the composite on the repair of cartilage defects were evaluated in rabbit knee joints in vivo. 24763260 3 27 theme CTGF 808:811 arg1 transfer 818:825 CTGF gene transfer 808:825 CTGF gene transfer 808:825 In the present study, BMMSCs or CTGF-modified BMMSCs seeded on PLGA or NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds were incubated in vitro and NaOH-treated PLGA significantly stimulated proliferation of BMMSCs, while CTGF gene transfer promoted chondrogenic differentiation. 24763260 2 28 theme factor 523:528 arg1 gene 537:540 connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene 498:540 connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene 498:540 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 2 29 theme cartilage 405:413 arg1 repair 415:420 articular cartilage repair 395:420 articular cartilage repair 395:420 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 0 30 theme PLGA 121:124 arg1 scaffolds 126:134 NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds 108:134 NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds 108:134 Combined effects of connective tissue growth factor-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds on the repair of articular cartilage defect in rabbits. 24763260 5 31 theme patellar 1072:1079 arg1 groove 1081:1086 the patellar groove 1068:1086 the patellar groove 1068:1086 Full-thickness cartilage defects (diameter: 5 mm; depth: 3 mm) were created unilaterally in the patellar groove. 24763260 5 32 theme Full-thickness 976:989 arg1 defects 1001:1007 Full-thickness cartilage defects 976:1007 Full-thickness cartilage defects (diameter: 5 mm; depth: 3 mm) 976:1037 Full-thickness cartilage defects (diameter: 5 mm; depth: 3 mm) were created unilaterally in the patellar groove. 24763260 2 33 theme stem 461:464 arg1 BMMSCs 473:478 BMMSCs 473:478 BMMSCs 473:478 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 2 33 theme stem 461:464 arg1 cells 466:470 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 437:470 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds 437:604 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 0 34 theme Combined 0:7 arg1 effects 9:15 Combined effects 0:15 Combined effects of connective tissue growth 0:43 Combined effects of connective tissue growth factor-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds on the repair of articular cartilage defect in rabbits. 24763260 2 35 theme marrow 442:447 arg1 BMMSCs 473:478 BMMSCs 473:478 BMMSCs 473:478 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 2 35 theme marrow 442:447 arg1 cells 466:470 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 437:470 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds 437:604 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 0 36 from rabbits 183:189 arg1 repair 143:148 the repair 139:148 the repair of articular cartilage defect in rabbits 139:189 Combined effects of connective tissue growth factor-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds on the repair of articular cartilage defect in rabbits. 24763260 0 37 theme tissue 31:36 arg1 growth 38:43 connective tissue growth 20:43 connective tissue growth 20:43 Combined effects of connective tissue growth factor-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds on the repair of articular cartilage defect in rabbits. 24763260 9 38 theme BMMSCs/NaOH-treated 1480:1498 arg1 group 1505:1509 the CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA group 1462:1509 the CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA group 1462:1509 Overall, the CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA group showed successful hyaline-like cartilage regeneration similar to normal cartilage, which was superior to the other groups using gross examination, qualitative and quantitative histology, and mechanical assessment. 24763260 2 39 theme connective 498:507 arg1 factor 523:528 connective tissue growth factor 498:528 connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene 498:540 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 2 39 theme connective 498:507 arg1 CTGF 531:534 CTGF 531:534 CTGF 531:534 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 1 40 theme cells 325:329 arg1 differentiation 301:315 the differentiation 297:315 the differentiation of stem cells to specific lineages 297:350 In cartilage tissue engineering using stem cells, it is important to stimulate proliferation and control the differentiation of stem cells to specific lineages. 24763260 10 41 theme cells 1764:1768 arg1 viability 1737:1745 The in vivo viability 1725:1745 The in vivo viability of the implanted cells 1725:1768 The in vivo viability of the implanted cells was demonstrated by their retention for 6 weeks after implantation. 24763260 9 42 theme successful 1518:1527 arg1 regeneration 1552:1563 successful hyaline-like cartilage regeneration 1518:1563 successful hyaline-like cartilage regeneration 1518:1563 Overall, the CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA group showed successful hyaline-like cartilage regeneration similar to normal cartilage, which was superior to the other groups using gross examination, qualitative and quantitative histology, and mechanical assessment. 24763260 0 43 from repair 143:148 arg1 rabbits 183:189 rabbits 183:189 rabbits 183:189 Combined effects of connective tissue growth factor-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds on the repair of articular cartilage defect in rabbits. 24763260 3 44 theme CTGF-modified 639:651 arg1 BMMSCs 653:658 CTGF-modified BMMSCs 639:658 CTGF-modified BMMSCs 639:658 In the present study, BMMSCs or CTGF-modified BMMSCs seeded on PLGA or NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds were incubated in vitro and NaOH-treated PLGA significantly stimulated proliferation of BMMSCs, while CTGF gene transfer promoted chondrogenic differentiation. 24763260 6 45 dep either 1102:1107 arg1 empty 1114:1118 empty 1114:1118 empty 1114:1118 Defects were either left empty (n = 18) or implanted with BMMSCs/PLGA (n = 18), BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18), or CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18). 24763260 2 46 theme combined 372:379 arg1 technique 381:389 a combined technique 370:389 a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds 370:604 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 9 47 theme cartilage 1542:1550 arg1 regeneration 1552:1563 successful hyaline-like cartilage regeneration 1518:1563 successful hyaline-like cartilage regeneration 1518:1563 Overall, the CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA group showed successful hyaline-like cartilage regeneration similar to normal cartilage, which was superior to the other groups using gross examination, qualitative and quantitative histology, and mechanical assessment. 24763260 3 48 theme NaOH-treated 678:689 arg1 scaffolds 696:704 PLGA or NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds 670:704 scaffolds 696:704 In the present study, BMMSCs or CTGF-modified BMMSCs seeded on PLGA or NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds were incubated in vitro and NaOH-treated PLGA significantly stimulated proliferation of BMMSCs, while CTGF gene transfer promoted chondrogenic differentiation. 24763260 2 49 theme NaOH-treated 546:557 arg1 scaffolds 596:604 NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds 546:604 NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds 546:604 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 2 50 theme PLGA 590:593 arg1 scaffolds 596:604 NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds 546:604 NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds 546:604 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 10 51 theme implanted 1754:1762 arg1 cells 1764:1768 the implanted cells 1750:1768 the implanted cells 1750:1768 The in vivo viability of the implanted cells was demonstrated by their retention for 6 weeks after implantation. 24763260 0 52 from defect 173:178 arg1 rabbits 183:189 rabbits 183:189 rabbits 183:189 Combined effects of connective tissue growth factor-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds on the repair of articular cartilage defect in rabbits. 24763260 3 53 theme PLGA 670:673 arg1 scaffolds 696:704 PLGA or NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds 670:704 scaffolds 696:704 In the present study, BMMSCs or CTGF-modified BMMSCs seeded on PLGA or NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds were incubated in vitro and NaOH-treated PLGA significantly stimulated proliferation of BMMSCs, while CTGF gene transfer promoted chondrogenic differentiation. 24763260 6 54 theme = 1197:1197 arg1 PLGA 1189:1192 BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA 1169:1192 BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18) 1169:1201 Defects were either left empty (n = 18) or implanted with BMMSCs/PLGA (n = 18), BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18), or CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18). 24763260 6 54 theme = 1197:1197 arg1 n 1195:1195 n = 18 1195:1200 n = 18 1195:1200 Defects were either left empty (n = 18) or implanted with BMMSCs/PLGA (n = 18), BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18), or CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18). 24763260 9 55 theme normal 1576:1581 arg1 cartilage 1583:1591 normal cartilage 1576:1591 normal cartilage 1576:1591 Overall, the CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA group showed successful hyaline-like cartilage regeneration similar to normal cartilage, which was superior to the other groups using gross examination, qualitative and quantitative histology, and mechanical assessment. 24763260 11 56 theme PLGA 1923:1926 arg1 combination 1870:1880 a combination 1868:1880 a combination of CTGF-modified BMMSCs and NaOH-treated PLGA 1868:1926 These findings suggested that a combination of CTGF-modified BMMSCs and NaOH-treated PLGA may be an alternative treatment for large osteochondral defects in high-loading sites. 24763260 11 56 theme PLGA 1923:1926 arg1 treatment 1950:1958 an alternative treatment 1935:1958 an alternative treatment for large osteochondral defects in high-loading sites 1935:2012 These findings suggested that a combination of CTGF-modified BMMSCs and NaOH-treated PLGA may be an alternative treatment for large osteochondral defects in high-loading sites. 24763260 6 57 theme = 1123:1123 arg1 n 1121:1121 n = 18 1121:1126 n = 18 1121:1126 Defects were either left empty (n = 18) or implanted with BMMSCs/PLGA (n = 18), BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18), or CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18). 24763260 6 58 theme BMMSCs/NaOH-treated 1169:1187 arg1 PLGA 1189:1192 BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA 1169:1192 BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18) 1169:1201 Defects were either left empty (n = 18) or implanted with BMMSCs/PLGA (n = 18), BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18), or CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18). 24763260 6 58 theme BMMSCs/NaOH-treated 1169:1187 arg1 n 1195:1195 n = 18 1195:1200 n = 18 1195:1200 Defects were either left empty (n = 18) or implanted with BMMSCs/PLGA (n = 18), BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18), or CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18). 24763260 3 59 theme NaOH-treated 734:745 arg1 PLGA 747:750 NaOH-treated PLGA 734:750 NaOH-treated PLGA 734:750 In the present study, BMMSCs or CTGF-modified BMMSCs seeded on PLGA or NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds were incubated in vitro and NaOH-treated PLGA significantly stimulated proliferation of BMMSCs, while CTGF gene transfer promoted chondrogenic differentiation. 24763260 6 60 theme = 1249:1249 arg1 n 1247:1247 n = 18 1247:1252 n = 18 1247:1252 Defects were either left empty (n = 18) or implanted with BMMSCs/PLGA (n = 18), BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18), or CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18). 24763260 6 60 theme = 1249:1249 arg1 PLGA 1241:1244 CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA 1207:1244 CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18) 1207:1253 Defects were either left empty (n = 18) or implanted with BMMSCs/PLGA (n = 18), BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18), or CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18). 24763260 11 61 theme alternative 1938:1948 arg1 combination 1870:1880 a combination 1868:1880 a combination of CTGF-modified BMMSCs and NaOH-treated PLGA 1868:1926 These findings suggested that a combination of CTGF-modified BMMSCs and NaOH-treated PLGA may be an alternative treatment for large osteochondral defects in high-loading sites. 24763260 11 61 theme alternative 1938:1948 arg1 treatment 1950:1958 an alternative treatment 1935:1958 an alternative treatment for large osteochondral defects in high-loading sites 1935:2012 These findings suggested that a combination of CTGF-modified BMMSCs and NaOH-treated PLGA may be an alternative treatment for large osteochondral defects in high-loading sites. 24763260 1 62 theme tissue 205:210 arg1 engineering 212:222 cartilage tissue engineering 195:222 cartilage tissue engineering using stem cells 195:239 In cartilage tissue engineering using stem cells, it is important to stimulate proliferation and control the differentiation of stem cells to specific lineages. 24763260 4 63 theme cartilage 912:920 arg1 defects 922:928 cartilage defects 912:928 cartilage defects 912:928 The effects of the composite on the repair of cartilage defects were evaluated in rabbit knee joints in vivo. 24763260 1 64 from important 248:256 arg1 engineering 212:222 cartilage tissue engineering 195:222 cartilage tissue engineering using stem cells 195:239 In cartilage tissue engineering using stem cells, it is important to stimulate proliferation and control the differentiation of stem cells to specific lineages. 24763260 10 65 theme in 1729:1730 arg1 viability 1737:1745 The in vivo viability 1725:1745 The in vivo viability of the implanted cells 1725:1768 The in vivo viability of the implanted cells was demonstrated by their retention for 6 weeks after implantation. 24763260 9 66 theme other 1620:1624 arg1 groups 1626:1631 the other groups 1616:1631 the other groups using gross examination, qualitative and quantitative histology, and mechanical assessment 1616:1722 Overall, the CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA group showed successful hyaline-like cartilage regeneration similar to normal cartilage, which was superior to the other groups using gross examination, qualitative and quantitative histology, and mechanical assessment. 24763260 5 67 dep defects 1001:1007 arg1 mm 1022:1023 diameter: 5 mm 1010:1023 diameter: 5 mm; depth: 3 mm 1010:1036 Full-thickness cartilage defects (diameter: 5 mm; depth: 3 mm) were created unilaterally in the patellar groove. 24763260 6 68 theme BMMSCs/NaOH-treated 1221:1239 arg1 n 1247:1247 n = 18 1247:1252 n = 18 1247:1252 Defects were either left empty (n = 18) or implanted with BMMSCs/PLGA (n = 18), BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18), or CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18). 24763260 6 68 theme BMMSCs/NaOH-treated 1221:1239 arg1 PLGA 1241:1244 CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA 1207:1244 CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18) 1207:1253 Defects were either left empty (n = 18) or implanted with BMMSCs/PLGA (n = 18), BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18), or CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18). 24763260 2 69 theme lactic-co-glycolic 564:581 arg1 scaffolds 596:604 NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds 546:604 NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds 546:604 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 1 70 from engineering 212:222 arg1 important 248:256 important 248:256 important 248:256 In cartilage tissue engineering using stem cells, it is important to stimulate proliferation and control the differentiation of stem cells to specific lineages. 24763260 2 71 theme poly 559:562 arg1 scaffolds 596:604 NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds 546:604 NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds 546:604 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 0 72 theme mesenchymal 81:91 arg1 cells 98:102 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 61:102 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 61:102 Combined effects of connective tissue growth factor-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds on the repair of articular cartilage defect in rabbits. 24763260 11 73 theme CTGF-modified 1885:1897 arg1 BMMSCs 1899:1904 CTGF-modified BMMSCs 1885:1904 CTGF-modified BMMSCs 1885:1904 These findings suggested that a combination of CTGF-modified BMMSCs and NaOH-treated PLGA may be an alternative treatment for large osteochondral defects in high-loading sites. 24763260 9 74 theme qualitative 1658:1668 arg1 histology 1687:1695 qualitative and quantitative histology 1658:1695 qualitative and quantitative histology 1658:1695 Overall, the CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA group showed successful hyaline-like cartilage regeneration similar to normal cartilage, which was superior to the other groups using gross examination, qualitative and quantitative histology, and mechanical assessment. 24763260 3 75 theme BMMSCs 794:799 arg1 proliferation 777:789 proliferation 777:789 proliferation of BMMSCs 777:799 In the present study, BMMSCs or CTGF-modified BMMSCs seeded on PLGA or NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds were incubated in vitro and NaOH-treated PLGA significantly stimulated proliferation of BMMSCs, while CTGF gene transfer promoted chondrogenic differentiation. 24763260 6 76 dep empty 1114:1118 arg1 n 1121:1121 n = 18 1121:1126 n = 18 1121:1126 Defects were either left empty (n = 18) or implanted with BMMSCs/PLGA (n = 18), BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18), or CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA (n = 18). 24763260 9 77 theme quantitative 1674:1685 arg1 histology 1687:1695 qualitative and quantitative histology 1658:1695 qualitative and quantitative histology 1658:1695 Overall, the CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA group showed successful hyaline-like cartilage regeneration similar to normal cartilage, which was superior to the other groups using gross examination, qualitative and quantitative histology, and mechanical assessment. 24763260 11 78 from defects 1984:1990 arg1 sites 2008:2012 high-loading sites 1995:2012 high-loading sites 1995:2012 These findings suggested that a combination of CTGF-modified BMMSCs and NaOH-treated PLGA may be an alternative treatment for large osteochondral defects in high-loading sites. 24763260 0 79 theme NaOH-treated 108:119 arg1 scaffolds 126:134 NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds 108:134 NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds 108:134 Combined effects of connective tissue growth factor-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds on the repair of articular cartilage defect in rabbits. 24763260 4 80 from effects 870:876 arg1 repair 902:907 the repair 898:907 the repair of cartilage defects 898:928 The effects of the composite on the repair of cartilage defects were evaluated in rabbit knee joints in vivo. 24763260 8 81 theme adeno-LacZ 1402:1411 arg1 labeling 1413:1420 adeno-LacZ labeling 1402:1420 adeno-LacZ labeling 1402:1420 Implanted cells were tracked using adeno-LacZ labeling at 6 weeks after implantation. 24763260 3 82 theme gene 813:816 arg1 transfer 818:825 CTGF gene transfer 808:825 CTGF gene transfer 808:825 In the present study, BMMSCs or CTGF-modified BMMSCs seeded on PLGA or NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds were incubated in vitro and NaOH-treated PLGA significantly stimulated proliferation of BMMSCs, while CTGF gene transfer promoted chondrogenic differentiation. 24763260 2 83 theme growth 516:521 arg1 factor 523:528 connective tissue growth factor 498:528 connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene 498:540 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 2 83 theme growth 516:521 arg1 CTGF 531:534 CTGF 531:534 CTGF 531:534 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 2 84 theme articular 395:403 arg1 repair 415:420 articular cartilage repair 395:420 articular cartilage repair 395:420 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 9 85 theme similar 1565:1571 arg1 regeneration 1552:1563 successful hyaline-like cartilage regeneration 1518:1563 successful hyaline-like cartilage regeneration 1518:1563 Overall, the CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA group showed successful hyaline-like cartilage regeneration similar to normal cartilage, which was superior to the other groups using gross examination, qualitative and quantitative histology, and mechanical assessment. 24763260 2 86 theme mesenchymal 449:459 arg1 BMMSCs 473:478 BMMSCs 473:478 BMMSCs 473:478 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 2 86 theme mesenchymal 449:459 arg1 cells 466:470 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 437:470 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds 437:604 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 0 87 theme connective 20:29 arg1 growth 38:43 connective tissue growth 20:43 connective tissue growth 20:43 Combined effects of connective tissue growth factor-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds on the repair of articular cartilage defect in rabbits. 24763260 2 88 theme bone 437:440 arg1 BMMSCs 473:478 BMMSCs 473:478 BMMSCs 473:478 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 2 88 theme bone 437:440 arg1 cells 466:470 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 437:470 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds 437:604 Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene and NaOH-treated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds. 24763260 0 89 theme growth 38:43 arg1 effects 9:15 Combined effects 0:15 Combined effects of connective tissue growth 0:43 Combined effects of connective tissue growth factor-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds on the repair of articular cartilage defect in rabbits. 24763260 9 90 theme CTGF-modified 1466:1478 arg1 group 1505:1509 the CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA group 1462:1509 the CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA group 1462:1509 Overall, the CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA group showed successful hyaline-like cartilage regeneration similar to normal cartilage, which was superior to the other groups using gross examination, qualitative and quantitative histology, and mechanical assessment. 24763260 3 91 theme present 614:620 arg1 study 622:626 the present study 610:626 the present study 610:626 In the present study, BMMSCs or CTGF-modified BMMSCs seeded on PLGA or NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds were incubated in vitro and NaOH-treated PLGA significantly stimulated proliferation of BMMSCs, while CTGF gene transfer promoted chondrogenic differentiation. 24763260 4 92 theme knee 955:958 arg1 joints 960:965 rabbit knee joints 948:965 rabbit knee joints 948:965 The effects of the composite on the repair of cartilage defects were evaluated in rabbit knee joints in vivo. 24763260 1 93 theme stem 320:323 arg1 cells 325:329 stem cells 320:329 stem cells 320:329 In cartilage tissue engineering using stem cells, it is important to stimulate proliferation and control the differentiation of stem cells to specific lineages. 24763260 9 94 theme PLGA 1500:1503 arg1 group 1505:1509 the CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA group 1462:1509 the CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA group 1462:1509 Overall, the CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA group showed successful hyaline-like cartilage regeneration similar to normal cartilage, which was superior to the other groups using gross examination, qualitative and quantitative histology, and mechanical assessment. 24763260 9 95 theme mechanical 1702:1711 arg1 assessment 1713:1722 mechanical assessment 1702:1722 mechanical assessment 1702:1722 Overall, the CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA group showed successful hyaline-like cartilage regeneration similar to normal cartilage, which was superior to the other groups using gross examination, qualitative and quantitative histology, and mechanical assessment. 24763260 5 96 theme diameter 1010:1017 arg1 mm 1022:1023 diameter: 5 mm 1010:1023 diameter: 5 mm; depth: 3 mm 1010:1036 Full-thickness cartilage defects (diameter: 5 mm; depth: 3 mm) were created unilaterally in the patellar groove. 24763260 5 97 theme cartilage 991:999 arg1 defects 1001:1007 Full-thickness cartilage defects 976:1007 Full-thickness cartilage defects (diameter: 5 mm; depth: 3 mm) 976:1037 Full-thickness cartilage defects (diameter: 5 mm; depth: 3 mm) were created unilaterally in the patellar groove. 24763260 0 98 link marrow-derived 66:79 arg1 cells 98:102 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 61:102 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 61:102 Combined effects of connective tissue growth factor-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and NaOH-treated PLGA scaffolds on the repair of articular cartilage defect in rabbits. 24763260 9 99 theme hyaline-like 1529:1540 arg1 regeneration 1552:1563 successful hyaline-like cartilage regeneration 1518:1563 successful hyaline-like cartilage regeneration 1518:1563 Overall, the CTGF-modified BMMSCs/NaOH-treated PLGA group showed successful hyaline-like cartilage regeneration similar to normal cartilage, which was superior to the other groups using gross examination, qualitative and quantitative histology, and mechanical assessment. 26247118 3 0 theme hydroxypropyl 488:500 arg1 cellulose 502:510 low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose 472:510 low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) 472:525 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 2 1 theme Face-centered 286:298 arg1 design 318:323 Face-centered central composite design 286:323 Face-centered central composite design (with three factors, in three levels) 286:361 Face-centered central composite design (with three factors, in three levels) was used for evaluation and optimization of in vitro floating and dissolution studies. 26247118 1 2 theme pylori 266:271 arg1 eradication 273:283 Helicobacter pylori eradication 253:283 Helicobacter pylori eradication 253:283 The aim of this study was to design a local, floating, mucoadhesive drug delivery system containing metronidazole for Helicobacter pylori eradication. 26247118 5 3 theme promising 843:851 arg1 properties 887:896 promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties 843:896 promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations 843:921 Statistical analysis revealed that tablets with 5.00% sodium alginate, 38.63% L-HPC B1 and 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content showed promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations. 26247118 8 4 theme in 1296:1297 arg1 dissolutions 1359:1370 in vitro spectrophotometrically and microbiologically detected dissolutions 1296:1370 in vitro spectrophotometrically and microbiologically detected dissolutions 1296:1370 Remarkable similarity (f1, f2) between in vitro spectrophotometrically and microbiologically detected dissolutions was found. 26247118 3 5 theme bicarbonate 538:548 arg1 concentrations 555:568 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations 450:568 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations 450:568 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 3 5 theme bicarbonate 538:548 arg1 variables 591:599 the independent variables 575:599 the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets 575:651 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 1 6 theme local 173:177 arg1 system 217:222 a local, floating, mucoadhesive drug delivery system 171:222 a local, floating, mucoadhesive drug delivery system containing metronidazole for Helicobacter pylori eradication 171:283 The aim of this study was to design a local, floating, mucoadhesive drug delivery system containing metronidazole for Helicobacter pylori eradication. 26247118 8 7 theme Remarkable 1257:1266 arg1 f2 1284:1285 f2 1284:1285 f2 1284:1285 Remarkable similarity (f1, f2) between in vitro spectrophotometrically and microbiologically detected dissolutions was found. 26247118 8 7 theme Remarkable 1257:1266 arg1 similarity 1268:1277 Remarkable similarity 1257:1277 Remarkable similarity (f1, f2) between in vitro spectrophotometrically and microbiologically detected dissolutions 1257:1370 Remarkable similarity (f1, f2) between in vitro spectrophotometrically and microbiologically detected dissolutions was found. 26247118 0 8 theme pylori 127:132 arg1 eradication 99:109 eradication 99:109 eradication of Helicobacter pylori 99:132 Preformulation studies and optimization of sodium alginate based floating drug delivery system for eradication of Helicobacter pylori. 26247118 2 9 theme composite 308:316 arg1 design 318:323 Face-centered central composite design 286:323 Face-centered central composite design (with three factors, in three levels) 286:361 Face-centered central composite design (with three factors, in three levels) was used for evaluation and optimization of in vitro floating and dissolution studies. 26247118 5 10 theme sodium 809:814 arg1 content 828:834 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content 803:834 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content 803:834 Statistical analysis revealed that tablets with 5.00% sodium alginate, 38.63% L-HPC B1 and 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content showed promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations. 26247118 6 11 theme remarkable 961:970 arg1 force 981:985 remarkable floating force 961:985 remarkable floating force 961:985 Optimized floating tablets expressed remarkable floating force. 26247118 5 12 theme Statistical 712:722 arg1 analysis 724:731 Statistical analysis 712:731 Statistical analysis 712:731 Statistical analysis revealed that tablets with 5.00% sodium alginate, 38.63% L-HPC B1 and 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content showed promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations. 26247118 7 13 theme non-floating 1069:1080 arg1 products 1096:1103 two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products 1042:1103 two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products 1042:1103 Their in vitro dissolution studies were compared with two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products and then microbiologically detected dissolution, ex vivo detachment force, rheological mucoadhesion studies and compatibility studies were carried out. 26247118 5 14 theme further 902:908 arg1 examinations 910:921 further examinations 902:921 further examinations 902:921 Statistical analysis revealed that tablets with 5.00% sodium alginate, 38.63% L-HPC B1 and 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content showed promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations. 26247118 6 15 theme Optimized 924:932 arg1 tablets 943:949 Optimized floating tablets 924:949 Optimized floating tablets 924:949 Optimized floating tablets expressed remarkable floating force. 26247118 7 16 theme rheological 1180:1190 arg1 studies 1205:1211 rheological mucoadhesion studies 1180:1211 rheological mucoadhesion studies 1180:1211 Their in vitro dissolution studies were compared with two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products and then microbiologically detected dissolution, ex vivo detachment force, rheological mucoadhesion studies and compatibility studies were carried out. 26247118 5 17 theme 5.00 760:763 arg1 % 764:764 % 764:764 % 764:764 Statistical analysis revealed that tablets with 5.00% sodium alginate, 38.63% L-HPC B1 and 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content showed promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations. 26247118 5 18 theme 8.45 803:806 arg1 % 807:807 % 807:807 % 807:807 Statistical analysis revealed that tablets with 5.00% sodium alginate, 38.63% L-HPC B1 and 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content showed promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations. 26247118 4 19 theme acceptable 673:682 arg1 properties 700:709 acceptable physicochemical properties 673:709 acceptable physicochemical properties 673:709 All tablets showed acceptable physicochemical properties. 26247118 0 20 theme delivery 79:86 arg1 system 88:93 floating drug delivery system 65:93 floating drug delivery system for eradication of Helicobacter pylori 65:132 Preformulation studies and optimization of sodium alginate based floating drug delivery system for eradication of Helicobacter pylori. 26247118 10 21 theme CT 1512:1513 arg1 studies 1515:1521 In vivo X-ray CT studies 1498:1521 In vivo X-ray CT studies of optimized tablets 1498:1542 In vivo X-ray CT studies of optimized tablets showed 8h gastroretention in rats represented by an animation prepared by special CT technique. 26247118 10 22 theme 8h 1551:1552 arg1 gastroretention 1554:1568 8h gastroretention 1551:1568 8h gastroretention 1551:1568 In vivo X-ray CT studies of optimized tablets showed 8h gastroretention in rats represented by an animation prepared by special CT technique. 26247118 0 23 theme sodium 43:48 arg1 alginate 50:57 sodium alginate 43:57 sodium alginate 43:57 Preformulation studies and optimization of sodium alginate based floating drug delivery system for eradication of Helicobacter pylori. 26247118 2 24 theme studies 441:447 arg1 evaluation 376:385 evaluation 376:385 evaluation 376:385 Face-centered central composite design (with three factors, in three levels) was used for evaluation and optimization of in vitro floating and dissolution studies. 26247118 2 24 theme studies 441:447 arg1 optimization 391:402 optimization 391:402 optimization 391:402 Face-centered central composite design (with three factors, in three levels) was used for evaluation and optimization of in vitro floating and dissolution studies. 26247118 10 25 theme tablets 1536:1542 arg1 studies 1515:1521 In vivo X-ray CT studies 1498:1521 In vivo X-ray CT studies of optimized tablets 1498:1542 In vivo X-ray CT studies of optimized tablets showed 8h gastroretention in rats represented by an animation prepared by special CT technique. 26247118 3 26 from variables 591:599 arg1 development 608:618 the development 604:618 the development of effervescent floating tablets 604:651 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 0 27 theme Preformulation 0:13 arg1 studies 15:21 Preformulation studies 0:21 Preformulation studies 0:21 Preformulation studies and optimization of sodium alginate based floating drug delivery system for eradication of Helicobacter pylori. 26247118 7 28 dep in 994:995 arg1 vitro 997:1001 vitro 997:1001 vitro 997:1001 Their in vitro dissolution studies were compared with two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products and then microbiologically detected dissolution, ex vivo detachment force, rheological mucoadhesion studies and compatibility studies were carried out. 26247118 3 29 theme alginate 457:464 arg1 concentrations 555:568 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations 450:568 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations 450:568 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 3 29 theme alginate 457:464 arg1 variables 591:599 the independent variables 575:599 the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets 575:651 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 7 30 theme compatibility 1217:1229 arg1 studies 1231:1237 compatibility studies 1217:1237 compatibility studies 1217:1237 Their in vitro dissolution studies were compared with two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products and then microbiologically detected dissolution, ex vivo detachment force, rheological mucoadhesion studies and compatibility studies were carried out. 26247118 5 31 dep in 853:854 arg1 vitro 856:860 vitro 856:860 vitro 856:860 Statistical analysis revealed that tablets with 5.00% sodium alginate, 38.63% L-HPC B1 and 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content showed promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations. 26247118 9 32 theme optimized 1436:1444 arg1 tablets 1446:1452 optimized tablets 1436:1452 optimized tablets 1436:1452 Studies revealed significant ex vivo mucoadhesion of optimized tablets, which was considerably increased by L-HPC. 26247118 9 33 dep significant 1400:1410 arg1 ex 1412:1413 ex 1412:1413 ex 1412:1413 Studies revealed significant ex vivo mucoadhesion of optimized tablets, which was considerably increased by L-HPC. 26247118 0 34 theme floating 65:72 arg1 system 88:93 floating drug delivery system 65:93 floating drug delivery system for eradication of Helicobacter pylori 65:132 Preformulation studies and optimization of sodium alginate based floating drug delivery system for eradication of Helicobacter pylori. 26247118 5 35 theme % 788:788 arg1 B1 796:797 38.63% L-HPC B1 783:797 38.63% L-HPC B1 783:797 Statistical analysis revealed that tablets with 5.00% sodium alginate, 38.63% L-HPC B1 and 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content showed promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations. 26247118 1 36 theme drug 203:206 arg1 system 217:222 a local, floating, mucoadhesive drug delivery system 171:222 a local, floating, mucoadhesive drug delivery system containing metronidazole for Helicobacter pylori eradication 171:283 The aim of this study was to design a local, floating, mucoadhesive drug delivery system containing metronidazole for Helicobacter pylori eradication. 26247118 3 37 theme floating 636:643 arg1 tablets 645:651 effervescent floating tablets 623:651 effervescent floating tablets 623:651 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 3 38 theme cellulose 502:510 arg1 concentrations 555:568 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations 450:568 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations 450:568 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 3 38 theme cellulose 502:510 arg1 variables 591:599 the independent variables 575:599 the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets 575:651 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 10 39 dep In 1498:1499 arg1 vivo 1501:1504 vivo 1501:1504 vivo 1501:1504 In vivo X-ray CT studies of optimized tablets showed 8h gastroretention in rats represented by an animation prepared by special CT technique. 26247118 10 40 theme special 1618:1624 arg1 technique 1629:1637 special CT technique 1618:1637 special CT technique 1618:1637 In vivo X-ray CT studies of optimized tablets showed 8h gastroretention in rats represented by an animation prepared by special CT technique. 26247118 7 41 theme detachment 1162:1171 arg1 force 1173:1177 ex vivo detachment force 1154:1177 ex vivo detachment force 1154:1177 Their in vitro dissolution studies were compared with two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products and then microbiologically detected dissolution, ex vivo detachment force, rheological mucoadhesion studies and compatibility studies were carried out. 26247118 3 42 theme substituted 476:486 arg1 cellulose 502:510 low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose 472:510 low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) 472:525 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 2 43 from factors 337:343 arg1 levels 355:360 three levels 349:360 three levels 349:360 Face-centered central composite design (with three factors, in three levels) was used for evaluation and optimization of in vitro floating and dissolution studies. 26247118 7 44 theme ex 1154:1155 arg1 force 1173:1177 ex vivo detachment force 1154:1177 ex vivo detachment force 1154:1177 Their in vitro dissolution studies were compared with two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products and then microbiologically detected dissolution, ex vivo detachment force, rheological mucoadhesion studies and compatibility studies were carried out. 26247118 2 45 theme central 300:306 arg1 design 318:323 Face-centered central composite design 286:323 Face-centered central composite design (with three factors, in three levels) 286:361 Face-centered central composite design (with three factors, in three levels) was used for evaluation and optimization of in vitro floating and dissolution studies. 26247118 1 46 theme Helicobacter 253:264 arg1 eradication 273:283 Helicobacter pylori eradication 253:283 Helicobacter pylori eradication 253:283 The aim of this study was to design a local, floating, mucoadhesive drug delivery system containing metronidazole for Helicobacter pylori eradication. 26247118 5 47 theme dissolution 875:885 arg1 properties 887:896 promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties 843:896 promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations 843:921 Statistical analysis revealed that tablets with 5.00% sodium alginate, 38.63% L-HPC B1 and 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content showed promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations. 26247118 8 48 theme detected 1350:1357 arg1 dissolutions 1359:1370 in vitro spectrophotometrically and microbiologically detected dissolutions 1296:1370 in vitro spectrophotometrically and microbiologically detected dissolutions 1296:1370 Remarkable similarity (f1, f2) between in vitro spectrophotometrically and microbiologically detected dissolutions was found. 26247118 3 49 theme L-HPC 513:517 arg1 X2 523:524 X2 523:524 X2 523:524 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 3 49 theme L-HPC 513:517 arg1 B1 519:520 L-HPC B1 513:520 L-HPC B1 513:520 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 0 50 theme alginate 50:57 arg1 optimization 27:38 optimization 27:38 optimization of sodium alginate 27:57 Preformulation studies and optimization of sodium alginate based floating drug delivery system for eradication of Helicobacter pylori. 26247118 0 50 theme alginate 50:57 arg1 studies 15:21 Preformulation studies 0:21 Preformulation studies 0:21 Preformulation studies and optimization of sodium alginate based floating drug delivery system for eradication of Helicobacter pylori. 26247118 7 51 dep ex 1154:1155 arg1 vivo 1157:1160 vivo 1157:1160 vivo 1157:1160 Their in vitro dissolution studies were compared with two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products and then microbiologically detected dissolution, ex vivo detachment force, rheological mucoadhesion studies and compatibility studies were carried out. 26247118 5 52 theme sodium 766:771 arg1 alginate 773:780 5.00% sodium alginate 760:780 5.00% sodium alginate 760:780 Statistical analysis revealed that tablets with 5.00% sodium alginate, 38.63% L-HPC B1 and 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content showed promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations. 26247118 10 53 theme In 1498:1499 arg1 studies 1515:1521 In vivo X-ray CT studies 1498:1521 In vivo X-ray CT studies of optimized tablets 1498:1542 In vivo X-ray CT studies of optimized tablets showed 8h gastroretention in rats represented by an animation prepared by special CT technique. 26247118 3 54 theme sodium 531:536 arg1 X3 551:552 X3 551:552 X3 551:552 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 3 54 theme sodium 531:536 arg1 bicarbonate 538:548 sodium bicarbonate 531:548 sodium bicarbonate (X3) 531:553 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 5 55 theme in 853:854 arg1 floating 862:869 in vitro floating 853:869 in vitro floating 853:869 Statistical analysis revealed that tablets with 5.00% sodium alginate, 38.63% L-HPC B1 and 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content showed promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations. 26247118 5 56 theme % 807:807 arg1 content 828:834 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content 803:834 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content 803:834 Statistical analysis revealed that tablets with 5.00% sodium alginate, 38.63% L-HPC B1 and 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content showed promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations. 26247118 6 57 theme floating 972:979 arg1 force 981:985 remarkable floating force 961:985 remarkable floating force 961:985 Optimized floating tablets expressed remarkable floating force. 26247118 7 58 theme metronidazole 1082:1094 arg1 products 1096:1103 two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products 1042:1103 two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products 1042:1103 Their in vitro dissolution studies were compared with two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products and then microbiologically detected dissolution, ex vivo detachment force, rheological mucoadhesion studies and compatibility studies were carried out. 26247118 1 59 contain containing 224:233 arg1 system 217:222 a local, floating, mucoadhesive drug delivery system 171:222 a local, floating, mucoadhesive drug delivery system containing metronidazole for Helicobacter pylori eradication 171:283 The aim of this study was to design a local, floating, mucoadhesive drug delivery system containing metronidazole for Helicobacter pylori eradication. 26247118 1 59 contain containing 224:233 arg2 metronidazole 235:247 metronidazole 235:247 metronidazole for Helicobacter pylori eradication 235:283 The aim of this study was to design a local, floating, mucoadhesive drug delivery system containing metronidazole for Helicobacter pylori eradication. 26247118 5 60 theme bicarbonate 816:826 arg1 content 828:834 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content 803:834 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content 803:834 Statistical analysis revealed that tablets with 5.00% sodium alginate, 38.63% L-HPC B1 and 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content showed promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations. 26247118 5 61 with tablets 747:753 arg1 B1 796:797 38.63% L-HPC B1 783:797 38.63% L-HPC B1 783:797 Statistical analysis revealed that tablets with 5.00% sodium alginate, 38.63% L-HPC B1 and 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content showed promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations. 26247118 5 61 with tablets 747:753 arg1 alginate 773:780 5.00% sodium alginate 760:780 5.00% sodium alginate 760:780 Statistical analysis revealed that tablets with 5.00% sodium alginate, 38.63% L-HPC B1 and 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content showed promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations. 26247118 5 61 with tablets 747:753 arg1 content 828:834 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content 803:834 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content 803:834 Statistical analysis revealed that tablets with 5.00% sodium alginate, 38.63% L-HPC B1 and 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content showed promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations. 26247118 7 62 theme available 1059:1067 arg1 products 1096:1103 two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products 1042:1103 two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products 1042:1103 Their in vitro dissolution studies were compared with two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products and then microbiologically detected dissolution, ex vivo detachment force, rheological mucoadhesion studies and compatibility studies were carried out. 26247118 6 63 theme floating 934:941 arg1 tablets 943:949 Optimized floating tablets 924:949 Optimized floating tablets 924:949 Optimized floating tablets expressed remarkable floating force. 26247118 4 64 theme physicochemical 684:698 arg1 properties 700:709 acceptable physicochemical properties 673:709 acceptable physicochemical properties 673:709 All tablets showed acceptable physicochemical properties. 26247118 3 65 theme independent 579:589 arg1 concentrations 555:568 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations 450:568 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations 450:568 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 3 65 theme independent 579:589 arg1 variables 591:599 the independent variables 575:599 the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets 575:651 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 2 66 used used 367:370 arg2 design 318:323 Face-centered central composite design 286:323 Face-centered central composite design (with three factors, in three levels) 286:361 Face-centered central composite design (with three factors, in three levels) was used for evaluation and optimization of in vitro floating and dissolution studies. 26247118 0 67 theme drug 74:77 arg1 system 88:93 floating drug delivery system 65:93 floating drug delivery system for eradication of Helicobacter pylori 65:132 Preformulation studies and optimization of sodium alginate based floating drug delivery system for eradication of Helicobacter pylori. 26247118 7 68 theme dissolution 1003:1013 arg1 studies 1015:1021 Their in vitro dissolution studies 988:1021 Their in vitro dissolution studies were compared with two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products and then microbiologically detected dissolution 988:1151 Their in vitro dissolution studies were compared with two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products and then microbiologically detected dissolution, ex vivo detachment force, rheological mucoadhesion studies and compatibility studies were carried out. 26247118 5 69 theme floating 862:869 arg1 properties 887:896 promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties 843:896 promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations 843:921 Statistical analysis revealed that tablets with 5.00% sodium alginate, 38.63% L-HPC B1 and 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content showed promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations. 26247118 5 70 theme % 764:764 arg1 alginate 773:780 5.00% sodium alginate 760:780 5.00% sodium alginate 760:780 Statistical analysis revealed that tablets with 5.00% sodium alginate, 38.63% L-HPC B1 and 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content showed promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations. 26247118 7 71 theme in 994:995 arg1 studies 1015:1021 Their in vitro dissolution studies 988:1021 Their in vitro dissolution studies were compared with two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products and then microbiologically detected dissolution 988:1151 Their in vitro dissolution studies were compared with two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products and then microbiologically detected dissolution, ex vivo detachment force, rheological mucoadhesion studies and compatibility studies were carried out. 26247118 1 72 theme study 151:155 arg1 aim 139:141 The aim 135:141 The aim of this study 135:155 The aim of this study was to design a local, floating, mucoadhesive drug delivery system containing metronidazole for Helicobacter pylori eradication. 26247118 2 73 with design 318:323 arg1 factors 337:343 three factors 331:343 three factors 331:343 Face-centered central composite design (with three factors, in three levels) was used for evaluation and optimization of in vitro floating and dissolution studies. 26247118 9 74 dep ex 1412:1413 arg1 vivo 1415:1418 vivo 1415:1418 vivo 1415:1418 Studies revealed significant ex vivo mucoadhesion of optimized tablets, which was considerably increased by L-HPC. 26247118 10 75 theme X-ray 1506:1510 arg1 studies 1515:1521 In vivo X-ray CT studies 1498:1521 In vivo X-ray CT studies of optimized tablets 1498:1542 In vivo X-ray CT studies of optimized tablets showed 8h gastroretention in rats represented by an animation prepared by special CT technique. 26247118 7 76 dep studies 1015:1021 arg1 compared 1028:1035 compared 1028:1035 were compared with two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products 1023:1103 Their in vitro dissolution studies were compared with two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products and then microbiologically detected dissolution, ex vivo detachment force, rheological mucoadhesion studies and compatibility studies were carried out. 26247118 7 76 dep studies 1015:1021 arg1 detected 1132:1139 detected 1132:1139 microbiologically detected dissolution 1114:1151 Their in vitro dissolution studies were compared with two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products and then microbiologically detected dissolution, ex vivo detachment force, rheological mucoadhesion studies and compatibility studies were carried out. 26247118 0 77 theme Helicobacter 114:125 arg1 pylori 127:132 Helicobacter pylori 114:132 Helicobacter pylori 114:132 Preformulation studies and optimization of sodium alginate based floating drug delivery system for eradication of Helicobacter pylori. 26247118 5 78 theme L-HPC 790:794 arg1 B1 796:797 38.63% L-HPC B1 783:797 38.63% L-HPC B1 783:797 Statistical analysis revealed that tablets with 5.00% sodium alginate, 38.63% L-HPC B1 and 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content showed promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations. 26247118 9 79 theme significant 1400:1410 arg1 mucoadhesion 1420:1431 significant ex vivo mucoadhesion 1400:1431 significant ex vivo mucoadhesion 1400:1431 Studies revealed significant ex vivo mucoadhesion of optimized tablets, which was considerably increased by L-HPC. 26247118 8 80 dep in 1296:1297 arg1 vitro 1299:1303 vitro 1299:1303 vitro 1299:1303 Remarkable similarity (f1, f2) between in vitro spectrophotometrically and microbiologically detected dissolutions was found. 26247118 2 81 theme dissolution 429:439 arg1 studies 441:447 in vitro floating and dissolution studies 407:447 studies 441:447 Face-centered central composite design (with three factors, in three levels) was used for evaluation and optimization of in vitro floating and dissolution studies. 26247118 10 82 theme optimized 1526:1534 arg1 tablets 1536:1542 optimized tablets 1526:1542 optimized tablets 1526:1542 In vivo X-ray CT studies of optimized tablets showed 8h gastroretention in rats represented by an animation prepared by special CT technique. 26247118 3 83 dep cellulose 502:510 arg1 X2 523:524 X2 523:524 X2 523:524 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 3 83 dep cellulose 502:510 arg1 B1 519:520 L-HPC B1 513:520 L-HPC B1 513:520 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 2 84 theme floating 416:423 arg1 evaluation 376:385 evaluation 376:385 evaluation 376:385 Face-centered central composite design (with three factors, in three levels) was used for evaluation and optimization of in vitro floating and dissolution studies. 26247118 2 84 theme floating 416:423 arg1 optimization 391:402 optimization 391:402 optimization 391:402 Face-centered central composite design (with three factors, in three levels) was used for evaluation and optimization of in vitro floating and dissolution studies. 26247118 2 85 theme in 407:408 arg1 floating 416:423 in vitro floating and dissolution studies 407:447 floating 416:423 Face-centered central composite design (with three factors, in three levels) was used for evaluation and optimization of in vitro floating and dissolution studies. 26247118 7 86 theme mucoadhesion 1192:1203 arg1 studies 1205:1211 rheological mucoadhesion studies 1180:1211 rheological mucoadhesion studies 1180:1211 Their in vitro dissolution studies were compared with two commercially available non-floating metronidazole products and then microbiologically detected dissolution, ex vivo detachment force, rheological mucoadhesion studies and compatibility studies were carried out. 26247118 1 87 dep local 173:177 arg1 floating 180:187 floating 180:187 floating 180:187 The aim of this study was to design a local, floating, mucoadhesive drug delivery system containing metronidazole for Helicobacter pylori eradication. 26247118 1 87 dep local 173:177 arg1 mucoadhesive 190:201 mucoadhesive 190:201 mucoadhesive 190:201 The aim of this study was to design a local, floating, mucoadhesive drug delivery system containing metronidazole for Helicobacter pylori eradication. 26247118 3 88 theme Sodium 450:455 arg1 X1 467:468 X1 467:468 X1 467:468 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 3 88 theme Sodium 450:455 arg1 alginate 457:464 Sodium alginate 450:464 Sodium alginate (X1) 450:469 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 5 89 theme 38.63 783:787 arg1 % 788:788 % 788:788 % 788:788 Statistical analysis revealed that tablets with 5.00% sodium alginate, 38.63% L-HPC B1 and 8.45% sodium bicarbonate content showed promising in vitro floating and dissolution properties for further examinations. 26247118 9 90 theme tablets 1446:1452 arg1 mucoadhesion 1420:1431 significant ex vivo mucoadhesion 1400:1431 significant ex vivo mucoadhesion 1400:1431 Studies revealed significant ex vivo mucoadhesion of optimized tablets, which was considerably increased by L-HPC. 26247118 3 91 theme tablets 645:651 arg1 development 608:618 the development 604:618 the development of effervescent floating tablets 604:651 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 2 92 dep in 407:408 arg1 vitro 410:414 vitro 410:414 vitro 410:414 Face-centered central composite design (with three factors, in three levels) was used for evaluation and optimization of in vitro floating and dissolution studies. 26247118 3 93 theme low 472:474 arg1 cellulose 502:510 low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose 472:510 low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) 472:525 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 3 94 theme effervescent 623:634 arg1 tablets 645:651 effervescent floating tablets 623:651 effervescent floating tablets 623:651 Sodium alginate (X1), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC B1, X2) and sodium bicarbonate (X3) concentrations were the independent variables in the development of effervescent floating tablets. 26247118 1 95 theme delivery 208:215 arg1 system 217:222 a local, floating, mucoadhesive drug delivery system 171:222 a local, floating, mucoadhesive drug delivery system containing metronidazole for Helicobacter pylori eradication 171:283 The aim of this study was to design a local, floating, mucoadhesive drug delivery system containing metronidazole for Helicobacter pylori eradication. 26247118 10 96 theme CT 1626:1627 arg1 technique 1629:1637 special CT technique 1618:1637 special CT technique 1618:1637 In vivo X-ray CT studies of optimized tablets showed 8h gastroretention in rats represented by an animation prepared by special CT technique. 25580010 6 0 theme nerve 986:990 arg1 conduits 998:1005 different nerve guide conduits 976:1005 different nerve guide conduits 976:1005 Effects of different nerve guide conduits on the nerve regeneration were comparatively evaluated by general analysis, sciatic function index (SFI) and histological analysis (HE and TEM). 25580010 11 1 theme swollen 1761:1767 arg1 axons 1782:1786 vacuolar, swollen and abnormal axons 1751:1786 vacuolar, swollen and abnormal axons 1751:1786 Parts of vacuolar, swollen and abnormal axons occurred in CSC and CSSC groups, while the vacuolization and swell of axons was the least serious in CSSPC group. 25580010 6 2 theme sciatic 1083:1089 arg1 SFI 1107:1109 SFI 1107:1109 SFI 1107:1109 Effects of different nerve guide conduits on the nerve regeneration were comparatively evaluated by general analysis, sciatic function index (SFI) and histological analysis (HE and TEM). 25580010 6 2 theme sciatic 1083:1089 arg1 index 1100:1104 sciatic function index 1083:1104 sciatic function index (SFI) 1083:1110 Effects of different nerve guide conduits on the nerve regeneration were comparatively evaluated by general analysis, sciatic function index (SFI) and histological analysis (HE and TEM). 25580010 12 3 theme CSC 2075:2077 arg1 tube 2079:2082 hollow CSC tube 2068:2082 hollow CSC tube 2068:2082 These results indicated that CSSPC group had the most ability to repair and reconstruct the nerve structure and functions due to the comprehensive contributions from hollow CSC tube, SCs and PQQ. 25580010 12 3 theme CSC 2075:2077 arg1 PQQ 2093:2095 PQQ 2093:2095 PQQ 2093:2095 These results indicated that CSSPC group had the most ability to repair and reconstruct the nerve structure and functions due to the comprehensive contributions from hollow CSC tube, SCs and PQQ. 25580010 12 3 theme CSC 2075:2077 arg1 SCs 2085:2087 SCs 2085:2087 SCs 2085:2087 These results indicated that CSSPC group had the most ability to repair and reconstruct the nerve structure and functions due to the comprehensive contributions from hollow CSC tube, SCs and PQQ. 25580010 2 4 theme guide 304:308 arg1 conduits 310:317 Nerve guide conduits 298:317 Nerve guide conduits 298:317 Nerve guide conduits, with seed cells or neurotrophic factors (NTFs), had been widely used to improve the repair and regeneration of injured peripheral nerve. 25580010 9 5 theme new 1584:1586 arg1 vessels 1594:1600 new blood vessels 1584:1600 new blood vessels 1584:1600 HE images from the cross-sections and longitudinal-sections of the harvested regenerative nerve indicated that regenerative nerve fibers had been formed and accompanied with new blood vessels and matrix materials in the conduits. 25580010 1 6 theme functional 201:210 arg1 reconstruction 212:225 functional reconstruction 201:225 functional reconstruction 201:225 Regeneration and functional reconstruction of peripheral nerve defects remained a significant clinical challenge. 25580010 10 7 theme myelinated 1682:1691 arg1 fibers 1718:1723 fresh myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers 1676:1723 fresh myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers 1676:1723 TEM images also showed that lots of fresh myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers had been formed. 25580010 2 8 theme seed 325:328 arg1 cells 330:334 seed cells 325:334 seed cells 325:334 Nerve guide conduits, with seed cells or neurotrophic factors (NTFs), had been widely used to improve the repair and regeneration of injured peripheral nerve. 25580010 5 9 dep bridge 885:890 arg1 defect 921:926 the sciatic nerve defect 903:926 bridge and repair the sciatic nerve defect in rats 885:934 And then they were applied to bridge and repair the sciatic nerve defect in rats, using autograft as control. 25580010 9 10 theme matrix 1606:1611 arg1 materials 1613:1621 matrix materials 1606:1621 matrix materials 1606:1621 HE images from the cross-sections and longitudinal-sections of the harvested regenerative nerve indicated that regenerative nerve fibers had been formed and accompanied with new blood vessels and matrix materials in the conduits. 25580010 8 11 theme motor 1335:1339 arg1 function 1341:1348 motor function 1335:1348 motor function 1335:1348 SFI results indicated that the reconstruction of motor function in CSSPC group was better than that in CSSC and CSC groups. 25580010 4 12 theme present 632:638 arg1 study 640:644 present study 632:644 present study 632:644 In present study, three kinds of nerve guide conduits were constructed: one from cellulose/SPI hollow tube (CSC), another from CSC combined with SCs (CSSC), and the third one from CSSC combined with PQQ (CSSPC), respectively. 25580010 10 13 theme non-myelinated 1697:1710 arg1 fibers 1718:1723 fresh myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers 1676:1723 fresh myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers 1676:1723 TEM images also showed that lots of fresh myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers had been formed. 25580010 7 14 dep conduits 1253:1260 arg1 weeks 1265:1269 12 weeks 1262:1269 the transparent nerve guide conduits 12 weeks after surgery 1225:1283 Newly-formed regenerative nerve fibers were observed and running through the transparent nerve guide conduits 12 weeks after surgery. 25580010 3 15 theme Schwann 583:589 arg1 cells 591:595 the Schwann cells 579:595 the Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation 579:615 Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) was an antioxidant that can stimulate nerve growth factors (NGFs) synthesis and accelerate the Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation and growth. 25580010 3 15 theme Schwann 583:589 arg1 SCs 598:600 SCs 598:600 SCs 598:600 Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) was an antioxidant that can stimulate nerve growth factors (NGFs) synthesis and accelerate the Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation and growth. 25580010 12 16 theme CSSPC 1931:1935 arg1 group 1937:1941 CSSPC group 1931:1941 CSSPC group 1931:1941 These results indicated that CSSPC group had the most ability to repair and reconstruct the nerve structure and functions due to the comprehensive contributions from hollow CSC tube, SCs and PQQ. 25580010 11 17 theme axons 1858:1862 arg1 vacuolization 1831:1843 vacuolization 1831:1843 vacuolization 1831:1843 Parts of vacuolar, swollen and abnormal axons occurred in CSC and CSSC groups, while the vacuolization and swell of axons was the least serious in CSSPC group. 25580010 11 17 theme axons 1858:1862 arg1 serious 1878:1884 serious 1878:1884 serious 1878:1884 Parts of vacuolar, swollen and abnormal axons occurred in CSC and CSSC groups, while the vacuolization and swell of axons was the least serious in CSSPC group. 25580010 11 17 theme axons 1858:1862 arg1 swell 1849:1853 swell 1849:1853 swell 1849:1853 Parts of vacuolar, swollen and abnormal axons occurred in CSC and CSSC groups, while the vacuolization and swell of axons was the least serious in CSSPC group. 25580010 7 18 theme guide 1247:1251 arg1 conduits 1253:1260 the transparent nerve guide conduits 1225:1260 the transparent nerve guide conduits 12 weeks after surgery 1225:1283 Newly-formed regenerative nerve fibers were observed and running through the transparent nerve guide conduits 12 weeks after surgery. 25580010 12 19 theme comprehensive 2035:2047 arg1 contributions 2049:2061 the comprehensive contributions 2031:2061 the comprehensive contributions from hollow CSC tube, SCs and PQQ 2031:2095 These results indicated that CSSPC group had the most ability to repair and reconstruct the nerve structure and functions due to the comprehensive contributions from hollow CSC tube, SCs and PQQ. 25580010 0 20 theme nerve 170:174 arg1 defect 176:181 peripheral nerve defect 159:181 peripheral nerve defect 159:181 Construction of nerve guide conduits from cellulose/soy protein composite membranes combined with Schwann cells and pyrroloquinoline quinone for the repair of peripheral nerve defect. 25580010 12 21 theme most 1951:1954 arg1 ability 1956:1962 the most ability 1947:1962 the most ability 1947:1962 These results indicated that CSSPC group had the most ability to repair and reconstruct the nerve structure and functions due to the comprehensive contributions from hollow CSC tube, SCs and PQQ. 25580010 7 22 theme transparent 1229:1239 arg1 conduits 1253:1260 the transparent nerve guide conduits 1225:1260 the transparent nerve guide conduits 12 weeks after surgery 1225:1283 Newly-formed regenerative nerve fibers were observed and running through the transparent nerve guide conduits 12 weeks after surgery. 25580010 4 23 theme nerve 662:666 arg1 conduits 674:681 nerve guide conduits 662:681 nerve guide conduits 662:681 In present study, three kinds of nerve guide conduits were constructed: one from cellulose/SPI hollow tube (CSC), another from CSC combined with SCs (CSSC), and the third one from CSSC combined with PQQ (CSSPC), respectively. 25580010 0 24 theme composite 64:72 arg1 membranes 74:82 cellulose/soy protein composite membranes 42:82 cellulose/soy protein composite membranes 42:82 Construction of nerve guide conduits from cellulose/soy protein composite membranes combined with Schwann cells and pyrroloquinoline quinone for the repair of peripheral nerve defect. 25580010 10 25 theme fibers 1718:1723 arg1 lots 1668:1671 lots 1668:1671 lots of fresh myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers 1668:1723 TEM images also showed that lots of fresh myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers had been formed. 25580010 10 25 theme fibers 1718:1723 arg1 fibers 1718:1723 fresh myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers 1676:1723 fresh myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers 1676:1723 TEM images also showed that lots of fresh myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers had been formed. 25580010 4 26 theme conduits 674:681 arg1 kinds 653:657 three kinds 647:657 three kinds of nerve guide conduits 647:681 In present study, three kinds of nerve guide conduits were constructed: one from cellulose/SPI hollow tube (CSC), another from CSC combined with SCs (CSSC), and the third one from CSSC combined with PQQ (CSSPC), respectively. 25580010 9 27 theme HE 1410:1411 arg1 images 1413:1418 HE images 1410:1418 HE images from the cross-sections and longitudinal-sections of the harvested regenerative nerve 1410:1504 HE images from the cross-sections and longitudinal-sections of the harvested regenerative nerve indicated that regenerative nerve fibers had been formed and accompanied with new blood vessels and matrix materials in the conduits. 25580010 9 28 from materials 1613:1621 arg1 conduits 1630:1637 the conduits 1626:1637 the conduits 1626:1637 HE images from the cross-sections and longitudinal-sections of the harvested regenerative nerve indicated that regenerative nerve fibers had been formed and accompanied with new blood vessels and matrix materials in the conduits. 25580010 8 29 theme CSSC 1389:1392 arg1 groups 1402:1407 CSSC and CSC groups 1389:1407 CSSC and CSC groups 1389:1407 SFI results indicated that the reconstruction of motor function in CSSPC group was better than that in CSSC and CSC groups. 25580010 0 30 theme Schwann 98:104 arg1 cells 106:110 Schwann cells 98:110 Schwann cells 98:110 Construction of nerve guide conduits from cellulose/soy protein composite membranes combined with Schwann cells and pyrroloquinoline quinone for the repair of peripheral nerve defect. 25580010 8 31 theme CSC 1398:1400 arg1 groups 1402:1407 CSSC and CSC groups 1389:1407 CSSC and CSC groups 1389:1407 SFI results indicated that the reconstruction of motor function in CSSPC group was better than that in CSSC and CSC groups. 25580010 4 32 theme cellulose/SPI 710:722 arg1 CSC 737:739 CSC 737:739 CSC 737:739 In present study, three kinds of nerve guide conduits were constructed: one from cellulose/SPI hollow tube (CSC), another from CSC combined with SCs (CSSC), and the third one from CSSC combined with PQQ (CSSPC), respectively. 25580010 4 32 theme cellulose/SPI 710:722 arg1 tube 731:734 cellulose/SPI hollow tube 710:734 cellulose/SPI hollow tube (CSC) 710:740 In present study, three kinds of nerve guide conduits were constructed: one from cellulose/SPI hollow tube (CSC), another from CSC combined with SCs (CSSC), and the third one from CSSC combined with PQQ (CSSPC), respectively. 25580010 11 33 theme axons 1782:1786 arg1 Parts 1742:1746 Parts 1742:1746 Parts of vacuolar, swollen and abnormal axons 1742:1786 Parts of vacuolar, swollen and abnormal axons occurred in CSC and CSSC groups, while the vacuolization and swell of axons was the least serious in CSSPC group. 25580010 2 34 theme peripheral 439:448 arg1 nerve 450:454 injured peripheral nerve 431:454 injured peripheral nerve 431:454 Nerve guide conduits, with seed cells or neurotrophic factors (NTFs), had been widely used to improve the repair and regeneration of injured peripheral nerve. 25580010 9 35 theme harvested 1477:1485 arg1 nerve 1500:1504 the harvested regenerative nerve 1473:1504 the harvested regenerative nerve 1473:1504 HE images from the cross-sections and longitudinal-sections of the harvested regenerative nerve indicated that regenerative nerve fibers had been formed and accompanied with new blood vessels and matrix materials in the conduits. 25580010 0 36 theme nerve 16:20 arg1 conduits 28:35 nerve guide conduits 16:35 nerve guide conduits from cellulose/soy protein composite membranes 16:82 Construction of nerve guide conduits from cellulose/soy protein composite membranes combined with Schwann cells and pyrroloquinoline quinone for the repair of peripheral nerve defect. 25580010 8 37 theme SFI 1286:1288 arg1 results 1290:1296 SFI results 1286:1296 SFI results 1286:1296 SFI results indicated that the reconstruction of motor function in CSSPC group was better than that in CSSC and CSC groups. 25580010 3 38 theme Pyrroloquinoline 457:472 arg1 quinone 474:480 Pyrroloquinoline quinone 457:480 Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) 457:486 Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) was an antioxidant that can stimulate nerve growth factors (NGFs) synthesis and accelerate the Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation and growth. 25580010 3 38 theme Pyrroloquinoline 457:472 arg1 antioxidant 495:505 an antioxidant 492:505 an antioxidant that can stimulate nerve growth factors (NGFs) synthesis and accelerate the Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation and growth 492:626 Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) was an antioxidant that can stimulate nerve growth factors (NGFs) synthesis and accelerate the Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation and growth. 25580010 3 38 theme Pyrroloquinoline 457:472 arg1 PQQ 483:485 PQQ 483:485 PQQ 483:485 Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) was an antioxidant that can stimulate nerve growth factors (NGFs) synthesis and accelerate the Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation and growth. 25580010 0 39 theme conduits 28:35 arg1 Construction 0:11 Construction 0:11 Construction of nerve guide conduits from cellulose/soy protein composite membranes 0:82 Construction of nerve guide conduits from cellulose/soy protein composite membranes combined with Schwann cells and pyrroloquinoline quinone for the repair of peripheral nerve defect. 25580010 9 40 theme regenerative 1487:1498 arg1 nerve 1500:1504 the harvested regenerative nerve 1473:1504 the harvested regenerative nerve 1473:1504 HE images from the cross-sections and longitudinal-sections of the harvested regenerative nerve indicated that regenerative nerve fibers had been formed and accompanied with new blood vessels and matrix materials in the conduits. 25580010 0 41 theme cellulose/soy 42:54 arg1 membranes 74:82 cellulose/soy protein composite membranes 42:82 cellulose/soy protein composite membranes 42:82 Construction of nerve guide conduits from cellulose/soy protein composite membranes combined with Schwann cells and pyrroloquinoline quinone for the repair of peripheral nerve defect. 25580010 13 42 theme engineering 2218:2228 arg1 field 2196:2200 the field 2192:2200 the field of nerve tissue engineering 2192:2228 As a result, the CSSPC may have the potential for the applications as nerve guide conduits in the field of nerve tissue engineering. 25580010 6 43 theme nerve 1014:1018 arg1 regeneration 1020:1031 the nerve regeneration 1010:1031 the nerve regeneration 1010:1031 Effects of different nerve guide conduits on the nerve regeneration were comparatively evaluated by general analysis, sciatic function index (SFI) and histological analysis (HE and TEM). 25580010 6 44 theme function 1091:1098 arg1 SFI 1107:1109 SFI 1107:1109 SFI 1107:1109 Effects of different nerve guide conduits on the nerve regeneration were comparatively evaluated by general analysis, sciatic function index (SFI) and histological analysis (HE and TEM). 25580010 6 44 theme function 1091:1098 arg1 index 1100:1104 sciatic function index 1083:1104 sciatic function index (SFI) 1083:1110 Effects of different nerve guide conduits on the nerve regeneration were comparatively evaluated by general analysis, sciatic function index (SFI) and histological analysis (HE and TEM). 25580010 13 45 theme nerve 2205:2209 arg1 engineering 2218:2228 nerve tissue engineering 2205:2228 nerve tissue engineering 2205:2228 As a result, the CSSPC may have the potential for the applications as nerve guide conduits in the field of nerve tissue engineering. 25580010 1 46 theme defects 247:253 arg1 Regeneration 184:195 Regeneration 184:195 Regeneration 184:195 Regeneration and functional reconstruction of peripheral nerve defects remained a significant clinical challenge. 25580010 1 46 theme defects 247:253 arg1 reconstruction 212:225 functional reconstruction 201:225 functional reconstruction 201:225 Regeneration and functional reconstruction of peripheral nerve defects remained a significant clinical challenge. 25580010 3 47 theme factors 539:545 arg1 synthesis 554:562 nerve growth factors (NGFs) synthesis 526:562 nerve growth factors (NGFs) synthesis 526:562 Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) was an antioxidant that can stimulate nerve growth factors (NGFs) synthesis and accelerate the Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation and growth. 25580010 9 48 theme regenerative 1521:1532 arg1 fibers 1540:1545 regenerative nerve fibers 1521:1545 regenerative nerve fibers 1521:1545 HE images from the cross-sections and longitudinal-sections of the harvested regenerative nerve indicated that regenerative nerve fibers had been formed and accompanied with new blood vessels and matrix materials in the conduits. 25580010 10 49 theme TEM 1640:1642 arg1 images 1644:1649 TEM images 1640:1649 TEM images 1640:1649 TEM images also showed that lots of fresh myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers had been formed. 25580010 5 50 theme sciatic 907:913 arg1 nerve 915:919 the sciatic nerve 903:919 bridge and repair the sciatic nerve defect in rats 885:934 And then they were applied to bridge and repair the sciatic nerve defect in rats, using autograft as control. 25580010 6 51 theme guide 992:996 arg1 conduits 998:1005 different nerve guide conduits 976:1005 different nerve guide conduits 976:1005 Effects of different nerve guide conduits on the nerve regeneration were comparatively evaluated by general analysis, sciatic function index (SFI) and histological analysis (HE and TEM). 25580010 1 52 theme clinical 278:285 arg1 challenge 287:295 a significant clinical challenge 264:295 a significant clinical challenge 264:295 Regeneration and functional reconstruction of peripheral nerve defects remained a significant clinical challenge. 25580010 6 53 theme different 976:984 arg1 conduits 998:1005 different nerve guide conduits 976:1005 different nerve guide conduits 976:1005 Effects of different nerve guide conduits on the nerve regeneration were comparatively evaluated by general analysis, sciatic function index (SFI) and histological analysis (HE and TEM). 25580010 11 54 from serious 1878:1884 arg1 group 1895:1899 CSSPC group 1889:1899 CSSPC group 1889:1899 Parts of vacuolar, swollen and abnormal axons occurred in CSC and CSSC groups, while the vacuolization and swell of axons was the least serious in CSSPC group. 25580010 13 55 theme tissue 2211:2216 arg1 engineering 2218:2228 nerve tissue engineering 2205:2228 nerve tissue engineering 2205:2228 As a result, the CSSPC may have the potential for the applications as nerve guide conduits in the field of nerve tissue engineering. 25580010 10 56 theme fresh 1676:1680 arg1 fibers 1718:1723 fresh myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers 1676:1723 fresh myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers 1676:1723 TEM images also showed that lots of fresh myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers had been formed. 25580010 6 57 dep analysis 1129:1136 arg1 TEM 1146:1148 TEM 1146:1148 TEM 1146:1148 Effects of different nerve guide conduits on the nerve regeneration were comparatively evaluated by general analysis, sciatic function index (SFI) and histological analysis (HE and TEM). 25580010 6 57 dep analysis 1129:1136 arg1 HE 1139:1140 HE 1139:1140 HE 1139:1140 Effects of different nerve guide conduits on the nerve regeneration were comparatively evaluated by general analysis, sciatic function index (SFI) and histological analysis (HE and TEM). 25580010 6 58 from Effects 965:971 arg1 regeneration 1020:1031 the nerve regeneration 1010:1031 the nerve regeneration 1010:1031 Effects of different nerve guide conduits on the nerve regeneration were comparatively evaluated by general analysis, sciatic function index (SFI) and histological analysis (HE and TEM). 25580010 3 59 theme growth 532:537 arg1 NGFs 548:551 NGFs 548:551 NGFs 548:551 Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) was an antioxidant that can stimulate nerve growth factors (NGFs) synthesis and accelerate the Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation and growth. 25580010 3 59 theme growth 532:537 arg1 factors 539:545 nerve growth factors 526:545 nerve growth factors (NGFs) synthesis 526:562 Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) was an antioxidant that can stimulate nerve growth factors (NGFs) synthesis and accelerate the Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation and growth. 25580010 13 60 theme nerve 2168:2172 arg1 conduits 2180:2187 nerve guide conduits 2168:2187 nerve guide conduits in the field of nerve tissue engineering 2168:2228 As a result, the CSSPC may have the potential for the applications as nerve guide conduits in the field of nerve tissue engineering. 25580010 6 61 theme general 1065:1071 arg1 analysis 1073:1080 general analysis 1065:1080 general analysis 1065:1080 Effects of different nerve guide conduits on the nerve regeneration were comparatively evaluated by general analysis, sciatic function index (SFI) and histological analysis (HE and TEM). 25580010 2 62 theme neurotrophic 339:350 arg1 NTFs 361:364 NTFs 361:364 NTFs 361:364 Nerve guide conduits, with seed cells or neurotrophic factors (NTFs), had been widely used to improve the repair and regeneration of injured peripheral nerve. 25580010 2 62 theme neurotrophic 339:350 arg1 factors 352:358 neurotrophic factors 339:358 neurotrophic factors (NTFs) 339:365 Nerve guide conduits, with seed cells or neurotrophic factors (NTFs), had been widely used to improve the repair and regeneration of injured peripheral nerve. 25580010 11 63 dep vacuolization 1831:1843 arg1 the 1827:1829 the 1827:1829 the 1827:1829 Parts of vacuolar, swollen and abnormal axons occurred in CSC and CSSC groups, while the vacuolization and swell of axons was the least serious in CSSPC group. 25580010 9 64 theme blood 1588:1592 arg1 vessels 1594:1600 new blood vessels 1584:1600 new blood vessels 1584:1600 HE images from the cross-sections and longitudinal-sections of the harvested regenerative nerve indicated that regenerative nerve fibers had been formed and accompanied with new blood vessels and matrix materials in the conduits. 25580010 12 65 theme nerve 1994:1998 arg1 structure 2000:2008 nerve structure 1994:2008 nerve structure 1994:2008 These results indicated that CSSPC group had the most ability to repair and reconstruct the nerve structure and functions due to the comprehensive contributions from hollow CSC tube, SCs and PQQ. 25580010 11 66 theme CSSPC 1889:1893 arg1 group 1895:1899 CSSPC group 1889:1899 CSSPC group 1889:1899 Parts of vacuolar, swollen and abnormal axons occurred in CSC and CSSC groups, while the vacuolization and swell of axons was the least serious in CSSPC group. 25580010 8 67 from reconstruction 1317:1330 arg1 group 1359:1363 CSSPC group 1353:1363 CSSPC group 1353:1363 SFI results indicated that the reconstruction of motor function in CSSPC group was better than that in CSSC and CSC groups. 25580010 8 68 theme function 1341:1348 arg1 better 1369:1374 better 1369:1374 better 1369:1374 SFI results indicated that the reconstruction of motor function in CSSPC group was better than that in CSSC and CSC groups. 25580010 8 68 theme function 1341:1348 arg1 reconstruction 1317:1330 the reconstruction 1313:1330 the reconstruction of motor function in CSSPC group 1313:1363 SFI results indicated that the reconstruction of motor function in CSSPC group was better than that in CSSC and CSC groups. 25580010 7 69 theme regenerative 1165:1176 arg1 fibers 1184:1189 Newly-formed regenerative nerve fibers 1152:1189 Newly-formed regenerative nerve fibers 1152:1189 Newly-formed regenerative nerve fibers were observed and running through the transparent nerve guide conduits 12 weeks after surgery. 25580010 3 70 theme cells 591:595 arg1 proliferation 603:615 the Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation 579:615 the Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation 579:615 Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) was an antioxidant that can stimulate nerve growth factors (NGFs) synthesis and accelerate the Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation and growth. 25580010 5 71 from defect 921:926 arg1 rats 931:934 rats 931:934 rats 931:934 And then they were applied to bridge and repair the sciatic nerve defect in rats, using autograft as control. 25580010 1 72 theme peripheral 230:239 arg1 defects 247:253 peripheral nerve defects 230:253 peripheral nerve defects 230:253 Regeneration and functional reconstruction of peripheral nerve defects remained a significant clinical challenge. 25580010 8 73 theme CSSPC 1353:1357 arg1 group 1359:1363 CSSPC group 1353:1363 CSSPC group 1353:1363 SFI results indicated that the reconstruction of motor function in CSSPC group was better than that in CSSC and CSC groups. 25580010 6 74 theme histological 1116:1127 arg1 analysis 1129:1136 histological analysis 1116:1136 histological analysis (HE and TEM) 1116:1149 Effects of different nerve guide conduits on the nerve regeneration were comparatively evaluated by general analysis, sciatic function index (SFI) and histological analysis (HE and TEM). 25580010 13 75 theme guide 2174:2178 arg1 conduits 2180:2187 nerve guide conduits 2168:2187 nerve guide conduits in the field of nerve tissue engineering 2168:2228 As a result, the CSSPC may have the potential for the applications as nerve guide conduits in the field of nerve tissue engineering. 25580010 0 76 theme peripheral 159:168 arg1 defect 176:181 peripheral nerve defect 159:181 peripheral nerve defect 159:181 Construction of nerve guide conduits from cellulose/soy protein composite membranes combined with Schwann cells and pyrroloquinoline quinone for the repair of peripheral nerve defect. 25580010 0 77 from Construction 0:11 arg1 membranes 74:82 cellulose/soy protein composite membranes 42:82 cellulose/soy protein composite membranes 42:82 Construction of nerve guide conduits from cellulose/soy protein composite membranes combined with Schwann cells and pyrroloquinoline quinone for the repair of peripheral nerve defect. 25580010 9 78 dep cross-sections 1429:1442 arg1 the 1425:1427 the 1425:1427 the 1425:1427 HE images from the cross-sections and longitudinal-sections of the harvested regenerative nerve indicated that regenerative nerve fibers had been formed and accompanied with new blood vessels and matrix materials in the conduits. 25580010 0 79 theme defect 176:181 arg1 repair 149:154 the repair 145:154 the repair of peripheral nerve defect 145:181 Construction of nerve guide conduits from cellulose/soy protein composite membranes combined with Schwann cells and pyrroloquinoline quinone for the repair of peripheral nerve defect. 25580010 2 80 theme Nerve 298:302 arg1 conduits 310:317 Nerve guide conduits 298:317 Nerve guide conduits 298:317 Nerve guide conduits, with seed cells or neurotrophic factors (NTFs), had been widely used to improve the repair and regeneration of injured peripheral nerve. 25580010 2 81 with conduits 310:317 arg1 NTFs 361:364 NTFs 361:364 NTFs 361:364 Nerve guide conduits, with seed cells or neurotrophic factors (NTFs), had been widely used to improve the repair and regeneration of injured peripheral nerve. 25580010 2 81 with conduits 310:317 arg1 cells 330:334 seed cells 325:334 seed cells 325:334 Nerve guide conduits, with seed cells or neurotrophic factors (NTFs), had been widely used to improve the repair and regeneration of injured peripheral nerve. 25580010 2 81 with conduits 310:317 arg1 factors 352:358 neurotrophic factors 339:358 neurotrophic factors (NTFs) 339:365 Nerve guide conduits, with seed cells or neurotrophic factors (NTFs), had been widely used to improve the repair and regeneration of injured peripheral nerve. 25580010 12 82 contain had 1943:1945 arg2 ability 1956:1962 the most ability 1947:1962 the most ability 1947:1962 These results indicated that CSSPC group had the most ability to repair and reconstruct the nerve structure and functions due to the comprehensive contributions from hollow CSC tube, SCs and PQQ. 25580010 12 82 contain had 1943:1945 arg1 group 1937:1941 CSSPC group 1931:1941 CSSPC group 1931:1941 These results indicated that CSSPC group had the most ability to repair and reconstruct the nerve structure and functions due to the comprehensive contributions from hollow CSC tube, SCs and PQQ. 25580010 2 83 used used 384:387 arg2 conduits 310:317 Nerve guide conduits 298:317 Nerve guide conduits 298:317 Nerve guide conduits, with seed cells or neurotrophic factors (NTFs), had been widely used to improve the repair and regeneration of injured peripheral nerve. 25580010 12 84 from tube 2079:2082 arg1 contributions 2049:2061 the comprehensive contributions 2031:2061 the comprehensive contributions from hollow CSC tube, SCs and PQQ 2031:2095 These results indicated that CSSPC group had the most ability to repair and reconstruct the nerve structure and functions due to the comprehensive contributions from hollow CSC tube, SCs and PQQ. 25580010 9 85 from longitudinal-sections 1448:1468 arg1 images 1413:1418 HE images 1410:1418 HE images from the cross-sections and longitudinal-sections of the harvested regenerative nerve 1410:1504 HE images from the cross-sections and longitudinal-sections of the harvested regenerative nerve indicated that regenerative nerve fibers had been formed and accompanied with new blood vessels and matrix materials in the conduits. 25580010 7 86 theme nerve 1241:1245 arg1 conduits 1253:1260 the transparent nerve guide conduits 1225:1260 the transparent nerve guide conduits 12 weeks after surgery 1225:1283 Newly-formed regenerative nerve fibers were observed and running through the transparent nerve guide conduits 12 weeks after surgery. 25580010 13 87 contain have 2125:2128 arg1 CSSPC 2115:2119 the CSSPC 2111:2119 the CSSPC 2111:2119 As a result, the CSSPC may have the potential for the applications as nerve guide conduits in the field of nerve tissue engineering. 25580010 13 87 contain have 2125:2128 arg2 potential 2134:2142 the potential 2130:2142 the potential for the applications as nerve guide conduits in the field of nerve tissue engineering 2130:2228 As a result, the CSSPC may have the potential for the applications as nerve guide conduits in the field of nerve tissue engineering. 25580010 13 87 contain have 2125:2128 arg2 result 2103:2108 a result 2101:2108 a result 2101:2108 As a result, the CSSPC may have the potential for the applications as nerve guide conduits in the field of nerve tissue engineering. 25580010 9 88 from cross-sections 1429:1442 arg1 images 1413:1418 HE images 1410:1418 HE images from the cross-sections and longitudinal-sections of the harvested regenerative nerve 1410:1504 HE images from the cross-sections and longitudinal-sections of the harvested regenerative nerve indicated that regenerative nerve fibers had been formed and accompanied with new blood vessels and matrix materials in the conduits. 25580010 4 89 theme guide 668:672 arg1 conduits 674:681 nerve guide conduits 662:681 nerve guide conduits 662:681 In present study, three kinds of nerve guide conduits were constructed: one from cellulose/SPI hollow tube (CSC), another from CSC combined with SCs (CSSC), and the third one from CSSC combined with PQQ (CSSPC), respectively. 25580010 9 90 from vessels 1594:1600 arg1 conduits 1630:1637 the conduits 1626:1637 the conduits 1626:1637 HE images from the cross-sections and longitudinal-sections of the harvested regenerative nerve indicated that regenerative nerve fibers had been formed and accompanied with new blood vessels and matrix materials in the conduits. 25580010 0 91 theme pyrroloquinoline 116:131 arg1 quinone 133:139 pyrroloquinoline quinone 116:139 pyrroloquinoline quinone 116:139 Construction of nerve guide conduits from cellulose/soy protein composite membranes combined with Schwann cells and pyrroloquinoline quinone for the repair of peripheral nerve defect. 25580010 13 92 from conduits 2180:2187 arg1 field 2196:2200 the field 2192:2200 the field of nerve tissue engineering 2192:2228 As a result, the CSSPC may have the potential for the applications as nerve guide conduits in the field of nerve tissue engineering. 25580010 11 93 theme CSC 1800:1802 arg1 groups 1813:1818 CSC and CSSC groups 1800:1818 CSC and CSSC groups 1800:1818 Parts of vacuolar, swollen and abnormal axons occurred in CSC and CSSC groups, while the vacuolization and swell of axons was the least serious in CSSPC group. 25580010 2 94 theme nerve 450:454 arg1 regeneration 415:426 regeneration 415:426 regeneration 415:426 Nerve guide conduits, with seed cells or neurotrophic factors (NTFs), had been widely used to improve the repair and regeneration of injured peripheral nerve. 25580010 2 94 theme nerve 450:454 arg1 repair 404:409 repair 404:409 repair 404:409 Nerve guide conduits, with seed cells or neurotrophic factors (NTFs), had been widely used to improve the repair and regeneration of injured peripheral nerve. 25580010 12 95 theme hollow 2068:2073 arg1 tube 2079:2082 hollow CSC tube 2068:2082 hollow CSC tube 2068:2082 These results indicated that CSSPC group had the most ability to repair and reconstruct the nerve structure and functions due to the comprehensive contributions from hollow CSC tube, SCs and PQQ. 25580010 12 95 theme hollow 2068:2073 arg1 PQQ 2093:2095 PQQ 2093:2095 PQQ 2093:2095 These results indicated that CSSPC group had the most ability to repair and reconstruct the nerve structure and functions due to the comprehensive contributions from hollow CSC tube, SCs and PQQ. 25580010 12 95 theme hollow 2068:2073 arg1 SCs 2085:2087 SCs 2085:2087 SCs 2085:2087 These results indicated that CSSPC group had the most ability to repair and reconstruct the nerve structure and functions due to the comprehensive contributions from hollow CSC tube, SCs and PQQ. 25580010 0 96 theme guide 22:26 arg1 conduits 28:35 nerve guide conduits 16:35 nerve guide conduits from cellulose/soy protein composite membranes 16:82 Construction of nerve guide conduits from cellulose/soy protein composite membranes combined with Schwann cells and pyrroloquinoline quinone for the repair of peripheral nerve defect. 25580010 10 97 theme nerve 1712:1716 arg1 fibers 1718:1723 fresh myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers 1676:1723 fresh myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers 1676:1723 TEM images also showed that lots of fresh myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers had been formed. 25580010 2 98 theme injured 431:437 arg1 nerve 450:454 injured peripheral nerve 431:454 injured peripheral nerve 431:454 Nerve guide conduits, with seed cells or neurotrophic factors (NTFs), had been widely used to improve the repair and regeneration of injured peripheral nerve. 25580010 4 99 theme hollow 724:729 arg1 CSC 737:739 CSC 737:739 CSC 737:739 In present study, three kinds of nerve guide conduits were constructed: one from cellulose/SPI hollow tube (CSC), another from CSC combined with SCs (CSSC), and the third one from CSSC combined with PQQ (CSSPC), respectively. 25580010 4 99 theme hollow 724:729 arg1 tube 731:734 cellulose/SPI hollow tube 710:734 cellulose/SPI hollow tube (CSC) 710:740 In present study, three kinds of nerve guide conduits were constructed: one from cellulose/SPI hollow tube (CSC), another from CSC combined with SCs (CSSC), and the third one from CSSC combined with PQQ (CSSPC), respectively. 25580010 5 100 theme nerve 915:919 arg1 defect 921:926 the sciatic nerve defect 903:926 bridge and repair the sciatic nerve defect in rats 885:934 And then they were applied to bridge and repair the sciatic nerve defect in rats, using autograft as control. 25580010 7 101 theme nerve 1178:1182 arg1 fibers 1184:1189 Newly-formed regenerative nerve fibers 1152:1189 Newly-formed regenerative nerve fibers 1152:1189 Newly-formed regenerative nerve fibers were observed and running through the transparent nerve guide conduits 12 weeks after surgery. 25580010 11 102 theme CSSC 1808:1811 arg1 groups 1813:1818 CSC and CSSC groups 1800:1818 CSC and CSSC groups 1800:1818 Parts of vacuolar, swollen and abnormal axons occurred in CSC and CSSC groups, while the vacuolization and swell of axons was the least serious in CSSPC group. 25580010 0 103 theme protein 56:62 arg1 membranes 74:82 cellulose/soy protein composite membranes 42:82 cellulose/soy protein composite membranes 42:82 Construction of nerve guide conduits from cellulose/soy protein composite membranes combined with Schwann cells and pyrroloquinoline quinone for the repair of peripheral nerve defect. 25580010 9 104 theme nerve 1500:1504 arg1 longitudinal-sections 1448:1468 longitudinal-sections 1448:1468 longitudinal-sections 1448:1468 HE images from the cross-sections and longitudinal-sections of the harvested regenerative nerve indicated that regenerative nerve fibers had been formed and accompanied with new blood vessels and matrix materials in the conduits. 25580010 9 104 theme nerve 1500:1504 arg1 cross-sections 1429:1442 cross-sections 1429:1442 cross-sections 1429:1442 HE images from the cross-sections and longitudinal-sections of the harvested regenerative nerve indicated that regenerative nerve fibers had been formed and accompanied with new blood vessels and matrix materials in the conduits. 25580010 7 105 theme Newly-formed 1152:1163 arg1 fibers 1184:1189 Newly-formed regenerative nerve fibers 1152:1189 Newly-formed regenerative nerve fibers 1152:1189 Newly-formed regenerative nerve fibers were observed and running through the transparent nerve guide conduits 12 weeks after surgery. 25580010 0 106 from membranes 74:82 arg1 Construction 0:11 Construction 0:11 Construction of nerve guide conduits from cellulose/soy protein composite membranes 0:82 Construction of nerve guide conduits from cellulose/soy protein composite membranes combined with Schwann cells and pyrroloquinoline quinone for the repair of peripheral nerve defect. 25580010 0 106 from membranes 74:82 arg1 conduits 28:35 nerve guide conduits 16:35 nerve guide conduits from cellulose/soy protein composite membranes 16:82 Construction of nerve guide conduits from cellulose/soy protein composite membranes combined with Schwann cells and pyrroloquinoline quinone for the repair of peripheral nerve defect. 25580010 11 107 theme vacuolar 1751:1758 arg1 axons 1782:1786 vacuolar, swollen and abnormal axons 1751:1786 vacuolar, swollen and abnormal axons 1751:1786 Parts of vacuolar, swollen and abnormal axons occurred in CSC and CSSC groups, while the vacuolization and swell of axons was the least serious in CSSPC group. 25580010 12 108 dep structure 2000:2008 arg1 the 1990:1992 the 1990:1992 the 1990:1992 These results indicated that CSSPC group had the most ability to repair and reconstruct the nerve structure and functions due to the comprehensive contributions from hollow CSC tube, SCs and PQQ. 25580010 11 109 from group 1895:1899 arg1 serious 1878:1884 serious 1878:1884 serious 1878:1884 Parts of vacuolar, swollen and abnormal axons occurred in CSC and CSSC groups, while the vacuolization and swell of axons was the least serious in CSSPC group. 25580010 11 109 from group 1895:1899 arg1 vacuolization 1831:1843 vacuolization 1831:1843 vacuolization 1831:1843 Parts of vacuolar, swollen and abnormal axons occurred in CSC and CSSC groups, while the vacuolization and swell of axons was the least serious in CSSPC group. 25580010 11 109 from group 1895:1899 arg1 swell 1849:1853 swell 1849:1853 swell 1849:1853 Parts of vacuolar, swollen and abnormal axons occurred in CSC and CSSC groups, while the vacuolization and swell of axons was the least serious in CSSPC group. 25580010 11 110 theme abnormal 1773:1780 arg1 axons 1782:1786 vacuolar, swollen and abnormal axons 1751:1786 vacuolar, swollen and abnormal axons 1751:1786 Parts of vacuolar, swollen and abnormal axons occurred in CSC and CSSC groups, while the vacuolization and swell of axons was the least serious in CSSPC group. 25580010 1 111 theme nerve 241:245 arg1 defects 247:253 peripheral nerve defects 230:253 peripheral nerve defects 230:253 Regeneration and functional reconstruction of peripheral nerve defects remained a significant clinical challenge. 25580010 9 112 theme nerve 1534:1538 arg1 fibers 1540:1545 regenerative nerve fibers 1521:1545 regenerative nerve fibers 1521:1545 HE images from the cross-sections and longitudinal-sections of the harvested regenerative nerve indicated that regenerative nerve fibers had been formed and accompanied with new blood vessels and matrix materials in the conduits. 25580010 6 113 theme conduits 998:1005 arg1 Effects 965:971 Effects 965:971 Effects of different nerve guide conduits on the nerve regeneration 965:1031 Effects of different nerve guide conduits on the nerve regeneration were comparatively evaluated by general analysis, sciatic function index (SFI) and histological analysis (HE and TEM). 25580010 12 114 theme due 2024:2026 arg1 structure 2000:2008 nerve structure 1994:2008 nerve structure 1994:2008 These results indicated that CSSPC group had the most ability to repair and reconstruct the nerve structure and functions due to the comprehensive contributions from hollow CSC tube, SCs and PQQ. 25580010 3 115 theme nerve 526:530 arg1 NGFs 548:551 NGFs 548:551 NGFs 548:551 Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) was an antioxidant that can stimulate nerve growth factors (NGFs) synthesis and accelerate the Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation and growth. 25580010 3 115 theme nerve 526:530 arg1 factors 539:545 nerve growth factors 526:545 nerve growth factors (NGFs) synthesis 526:562 Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) was an antioxidant that can stimulate nerve growth factors (NGFs) synthesis and accelerate the Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation and growth. 25580010 1 116 theme significant 266:276 arg1 challenge 287:295 a significant clinical challenge 264:295 a significant clinical challenge 264:295 Regeneration and functional reconstruction of peripheral nerve defects remained a significant clinical challenge. 27786272 4 0 from sensing 840:846 arg1 plants 863:868 plants 863:868 plants 863:868 Our results hint at the existence of fungal effectors that deregulate innate sensing of β-glucan in plants. 27786272 1 1 theme system 180:185 arg1 modulators 155:164 well-known modulators 144:164 well-known modulators of the immune system in mammals 144:196 β-glucans are well-known modulators of the immune system in mammals but little is known about β-glucan triggered immunity in planta. 27786272 1 1 theme system 180:185 arg1 β-glucans 130:138 β-glucans 130:138 β-glucans 130:138 β-glucans are well-known modulators of the immune system in mammals but little is known about β-glucan triggered immunity in planta. 27786272 0 2 theme glucan-triggered 93:108 arg1 immunity 110:117 glucan-triggered immunity 93:117 glucan-triggered immunity in plants 93:127 The fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin FGB1 alters cell-wall composition and suppresses glucan-triggered immunity in plants. 27786272 3 3 theme Nicotiana 740:748 arg1 benthamiana 750:760 Nicotiana benthamiana 740:760 Nicotiana benthamiana 740:760 This lectin has the potential to both alter fungal cell wall composition and properties, and to efficiently suppress β-glucan-triggered immunity in different plant hosts, such as Arabidopsis, barley and Nicotiana benthamiana. 27786272 3 4 theme cell 588:591 arg1 wall 593:596 fungal cell wall 581:596 fungal cell wall composition 581:608 This lectin has the potential to both alter fungal cell wall composition and properties, and to efficiently suppress β-glucan-triggered immunity in different plant hosts, such as Arabidopsis, barley and Nicotiana benthamiana. 27786272 4 5 theme effectors 807:815 arg1 existence 787:795 the existence 783:795 the existence of fungal effectors that deregulate innate sensing of β-glucan in plants 783:868 Our results hint at the existence of fungal effectors that deregulate innate sensing of β-glucan in plants. 27786272 3 6 theme wall 593:596 arg1 composition 598:608 fungal cell wall composition 581:608 fungal cell wall composition 581:608 This lectin has the potential to both alter fungal cell wall composition and properties, and to efficiently suppress β-glucan-triggered immunity in different plant hosts, such as Arabidopsis, barley and Nicotiana benthamiana. 27786272 2 7 theme nuclear 349:355 arg1 resonance 366:374 nuclear magnetic resonance 349:374 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 349:387 Here we show by isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that the FGB1 gene from the root endophyte Piriformospora indica encodes for a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin with dual function. 27786272 2 8 theme titration 290:298 arg1 calorimetry 300:310 isothermal titration calorimetry 279:310 isothermal titration calorimetry 279:310 Here we show by isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that the FGB1 gene from the root endophyte Piriformospora indica encodes for a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin with dual function. 27786272 2 9 theme endophyte 422:430 arg1 indica 447:452 the root endophyte Piriformospora indica 413:452 the root endophyte Piriformospora indica 413:452 Here we show by isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that the FGB1 gene from the root endophyte Piriformospora indica encodes for a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin with dual function. 27786272 3 10 contain has 549:551 arg1 lectin 542:547 This lectin 537:547 This lectin 537:547 This lectin has the potential to both alter fungal cell wall composition and properties, and to efficiently suppress β-glucan-triggered immunity in different plant hosts, such as Arabidopsis, barley and Nicotiana benthamiana. 27786272 3 10 contain has 549:551 arg2 potential 557:565 the potential to both alter fungal cell wall composition and properties, and to efficiently suppress β-glucan-triggered immunity in different plant hosts, such as Arabidopsis, barley and Nicotiana benthamiana 553:760 the potential to both alter fungal cell wall composition and properties, and to efficiently suppress β-glucan-triggered immunity in different plant hosts, such as Arabidopsis, barley and Nicotiana benthamiana 553:760 This lectin has the potential to both alter fungal cell wall composition and properties, and to efficiently suppress β-glucan-triggered immunity in different plant hosts, such as Arabidopsis, barley and Nicotiana benthamiana. 27786272 1 11 from modulators 155:164 arg1 mammals 190:196 mammals 190:196 mammals 190:196 β-glucans are well-known modulators of the immune system in mammals but little is known about β-glucan triggered immunity in planta. 27786272 2 12 theme β-glucan-binding 493:508 arg1 lectin 510:515 a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin 466:515 a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin with dual function 466:534 Here we show by isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that the FGB1 gene from the root endophyte Piriformospora indica encodes for a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin with dual function. 27786272 2 13 theme root 417:420 arg1 indica 447:452 the root endophyte Piriformospora indica 413:452 the root endophyte Piriformospora indica 413:452 Here we show by isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that the FGB1 gene from the root endophyte Piriformospora indica encodes for a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin with dual function. 27786272 0 14 theme fungal-specific 4:18 arg1 FGB1 44:47 The fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin FGB1 0:47 The fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin FGB1 0:47 The fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin FGB1 alters cell-wall composition and suppresses glucan-triggered immunity in plants. 27786272 2 15 theme fungal-specific 477:491 arg1 lectin 510:515 a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin 466:515 a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin with dual function 466:534 Here we show by isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that the FGB1 gene from the root endophyte Piriformospora indica encodes for a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin with dual function. 27786272 3 16 dep potential 557:565 arg1 alter 575:579 alter 575:579 to both alter fungal cell wall composition and properties 567:623 This lectin has the potential to both alter fungal cell wall composition and properties, and to efficiently suppress β-glucan-triggered immunity in different plant hosts, such as Arabidopsis, barley and Nicotiana benthamiana. 27786272 3 16 dep potential 557:565 arg1 suppress 645:652 suppress 645:652 to efficiently suppress β-glucan-triggered immunity in different plant hosts, such as Arabidopsis, barley and Nicotiana benthamiana 630:760 This lectin has the potential to both alter fungal cell wall composition and properties, and to efficiently suppress β-glucan-triggered immunity in different plant hosts, such as Arabidopsis, barley and Nicotiana benthamiana. 27786272 2 17 theme secreted 468:475 arg1 lectin 510:515 a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin 466:515 a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin with dual function 466:534 Here we show by isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that the FGB1 gene from the root endophyte Piriformospora indica encodes for a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin with dual function. 27786272 2 18 theme dichroism 322:330 arg1 spectroscopy 332:343 circular dichroism spectroscopy 313:343 circular dichroism spectroscopy 313:343 Here we show by isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that the FGB1 gene from the root endophyte Piriformospora indica encodes for a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin with dual function. 27786272 0 19 theme β-glucan-binding 20:35 arg1 FGB1 44:47 The fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin FGB1 0:47 The fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin FGB1 0:47 The fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin FGB1 alters cell-wall composition and suppresses glucan-triggered immunity in plants. 27786272 4 20 theme innate 833:838 arg1 sensing 840:846 innate sensing 833:846 innate sensing of β-glucan in plants 833:868 Our results hint at the existence of fungal effectors that deregulate innate sensing of β-glucan in plants. 27786272 0 21 from immunity 110:117 arg1 plants 122:127 plants 122:127 plants 122:127 The fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin FGB1 alters cell-wall composition and suppresses glucan-triggered immunity in plants. 27786272 2 22 theme circular 313:320 arg1 spectroscopy 332:343 circular dichroism spectroscopy 313:343 circular dichroism spectroscopy 313:343 Here we show by isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that the FGB1 gene from the root endophyte Piriformospora indica encodes for a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin with dual function. 27786272 2 23 theme resonance 366:374 arg1 spectroscopy 376:387 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 349:387 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 349:387 Here we show by isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that the FGB1 gene from the root endophyte Piriformospora indica encodes for a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin with dual function. 27786272 3 24 theme fungal 581:586 arg1 wall 593:596 fungal cell wall 581:596 fungal cell wall composition 581:608 This lectin has the potential to both alter fungal cell wall composition and properties, and to efficiently suppress β-glucan-triggered immunity in different plant hosts, such as Arabidopsis, barley and Nicotiana benthamiana. 27786272 1 25 theme β-glucan 224:231 arg1 immunity 243:250 β-glucan triggered immunity 224:250 β-glucan triggered immunity in planta 224:260 β-glucans are well-known modulators of the immune system in mammals but little is known about β-glucan triggered immunity in planta. 27786272 2 26 theme dual 522:525 arg1 function 527:534 dual function 522:534 dual function 522:534 Here we show by isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that the FGB1 gene from the root endophyte Piriformospora indica encodes for a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin with dual function. 27786272 3 27 theme plant 695:699 arg1 benthamiana 750:760 Nicotiana benthamiana 740:760 Nicotiana benthamiana 740:760 This lectin has the potential to both alter fungal cell wall composition and properties, and to efficiently suppress β-glucan-triggered immunity in different plant hosts, such as Arabidopsis, barley and Nicotiana benthamiana. 27786272 3 27 theme plant 695:699 arg1 Arabidopsis 716:726 Arabidopsis 716:726 Arabidopsis 716:726 This lectin has the potential to both alter fungal cell wall composition and properties, and to efficiently suppress β-glucan-triggered immunity in different plant hosts, such as Arabidopsis, barley and Nicotiana benthamiana. 27786272 3 27 theme plant 695:699 arg1 hosts 701:705 different plant hosts 685:705 different plant hosts 685:705 This lectin has the potential to both alter fungal cell wall composition and properties, and to efficiently suppress β-glucan-triggered immunity in different plant hosts, such as Arabidopsis, barley and Nicotiana benthamiana. 27786272 3 27 theme plant 695:699 arg1 barley 729:734 barley 729:734 barley 729:734 This lectin has the potential to both alter fungal cell wall composition and properties, and to efficiently suppress β-glucan-triggered immunity in different plant hosts, such as Arabidopsis, barley and Nicotiana benthamiana. 27786272 0 28 theme lectin 37:42 arg1 FGB1 44:47 The fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin FGB1 0:47 The fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin FGB1 0:47 The fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin FGB1 alters cell-wall composition and suppresses glucan-triggered immunity in plants. 27786272 1 29 theme triggered 233:241 arg1 immunity 243:250 β-glucan triggered immunity 224:250 β-glucan triggered immunity in planta 224:260 β-glucans are well-known modulators of the immune system in mammals but little is known about β-glucan triggered immunity in planta. 27786272 3 30 dep alter 575:579 arg1 both 570:573 both 570:573 both 570:573 This lectin has the potential to both alter fungal cell wall composition and properties, and to efficiently suppress β-glucan-triggered immunity in different plant hosts, such as Arabidopsis, barley and Nicotiana benthamiana. 27786272 0 31 theme cell-wall 56:64 arg1 composition 66:76 cell-wall composition 56:76 cell-wall composition 56:76 The fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin FGB1 alters cell-wall composition and suppresses glucan-triggered immunity in plants. 27786272 1 32 theme well-known 144:153 arg1 modulators 155:164 well-known modulators 144:164 well-known modulators of the immune system in mammals 144:196 β-glucans are well-known modulators of the immune system in mammals but little is known about β-glucan triggered immunity in planta. 27786272 1 32 theme well-known 144:153 arg1 β-glucans 130:138 β-glucans 130:138 β-glucans 130:138 β-glucans are well-known modulators of the immune system in mammals but little is known about β-glucan triggered immunity in planta. 27786272 1 33 from immunity 243:250 arg1 planta 255:260 planta 255:260 planta 255:260 β-glucans are well-known modulators of the immune system in mammals but little is known about β-glucan triggered immunity in planta. 27786272 2 34 theme magnetic 357:364 arg1 resonance 366:374 nuclear magnetic resonance 349:374 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 349:387 Here we show by isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that the FGB1 gene from the root endophyte Piriformospora indica encodes for a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin with dual function. 27786272 4 35 theme fungal 800:805 arg1 effectors 807:815 fungal effectors 800:815 fungal effectors that deregulate innate sensing of β-glucan in plants 800:868 Our results hint at the existence of fungal effectors that deregulate innate sensing of β-glucan in plants. 27786272 2 36 theme isothermal 279:288 arg1 calorimetry 300:310 isothermal titration calorimetry 279:310 isothermal titration calorimetry 279:310 Here we show by isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that the FGB1 gene from the root endophyte Piriformospora indica encodes for a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin with dual function. 27786272 3 37 theme different 685:693 arg1 benthamiana 750:760 Nicotiana benthamiana 740:760 Nicotiana benthamiana 740:760 This lectin has the potential to both alter fungal cell wall composition and properties, and to efficiently suppress β-glucan-triggered immunity in different plant hosts, such as Arabidopsis, barley and Nicotiana benthamiana. 27786272 3 37 theme different 685:693 arg1 Arabidopsis 716:726 Arabidopsis 716:726 Arabidopsis 716:726 This lectin has the potential to both alter fungal cell wall composition and properties, and to efficiently suppress β-glucan-triggered immunity in different plant hosts, such as Arabidopsis, barley and Nicotiana benthamiana. 27786272 3 37 theme different 685:693 arg1 hosts 701:705 different plant hosts 685:705 different plant hosts 685:705 This lectin has the potential to both alter fungal cell wall composition and properties, and to efficiently suppress β-glucan-triggered immunity in different plant hosts, such as Arabidopsis, barley and Nicotiana benthamiana. 27786272 3 37 theme different 685:693 arg1 barley 729:734 barley 729:734 barley 729:734 This lectin has the potential to both alter fungal cell wall composition and properties, and to efficiently suppress β-glucan-triggered immunity in different plant hosts, such as Arabidopsis, barley and Nicotiana benthamiana. 27786272 2 38 from indica 447:452 arg1 gene 403:406 the FGB1 gene 394:406 the FGB1 gene from the root endophyte Piriformospora indica 394:452 Here we show by isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that the FGB1 gene from the root endophyte Piriformospora indica encodes for a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin with dual function. 27786272 1 39 theme immune 173:178 arg1 system 180:185 the immune system 169:185 the immune system 169:185 β-glucans are well-known modulators of the immune system in mammals but little is known about β-glucan triggered immunity in planta. 27786272 2 40 theme Piriformospora 432:445 arg1 indica 447:452 the root endophyte Piriformospora indica 413:452 the root endophyte Piriformospora indica 413:452 Here we show by isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that the FGB1 gene from the root endophyte Piriformospora indica encodes for a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin with dual function. 27786272 3 41 theme β-glucan-triggered 654:671 arg1 immunity 673:680 β-glucan-triggered immunity 654:680 β-glucan-triggered immunity 654:680 This lectin has the potential to both alter fungal cell wall composition and properties, and to efficiently suppress β-glucan-triggered immunity in different plant hosts, such as Arabidopsis, barley and Nicotiana benthamiana. 27786272 2 42 with lectin 510:515 arg1 function 527:534 dual function 522:534 dual function 522:534 Here we show by isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that the FGB1 gene from the root endophyte Piriformospora indica encodes for a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin with dual function. 27786272 4 43 theme β-glucan 851:858 arg1 sensing 840:846 innate sensing 833:846 innate sensing of β-glucan in plants 833:868 Our results hint at the existence of fungal effectors that deregulate innate sensing of β-glucan in plants. 27786272 2 44 theme FGB1 398:401 arg1 gene 403:406 the FGB1 gene 394:406 the FGB1 gene from the root endophyte Piriformospora indica 394:452 Here we show by isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that the FGB1 gene from the root endophyte Piriformospora indica encodes for a secreted fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin with dual function. 26713681 9 0 theme tendon-bone 1731:1741 arg1 interface 1743:1751 the tendon-bone interface 1727:1751 the tendon-bone interface of the HP Mg group compared with the Ti group 1727:1797 In the immunohistochemical analysis, highly positive staining of BMP-2, VEGF and the specific receptor for BMP-2 (BMPR1A) was shown at the tendon-bone interface of the HP Mg group compared with the Ti group. 26713681 12 1 theme biodegradable 2180:2192 arg1 screw 2207:2211 a biodegradable interference screw 2178:2211 a biodegradable interference screw with the potential to promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in ACL reconstruction 2178:2304 HP Mg was promising as a biodegradable interference screw with the potential to promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in ACL reconstruction. 26713681 6 2 theme X-ray 1163:1167 arg1 scanning 1169:1176 the X-ray scanning 1159:1176 the X-ray scanning 1159:1176 No sign of host reaction was found in the X-ray scanning. 26713681 8 3 theme Ti 1582:1583 arg1 group 1585:1589 the Ti group 1578:1589 the Ti group 1578:1589 In the histological analysis, the HP Mg group formed distinct fibrocartilage transition zones at the tendon-bone interface 12 weeks after surgery, whereas a disorganized fibrocartilage layer was found in the Ti group. 26713681 2 4 theme growth 655:660 arg1 VEGF 670:673 VEGF 670:673 VEGF 670:673 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 4 theme growth 655:660 arg1 factor 662:667 vascular endothelial growth factor 634:667 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 634:674 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 10 5 theme early 1908:1912 arg1 phase 1914:1918 the early phase 1904:1918 the early phase of tendon-bone healing 1904:1941 Furthermore, the HP Mg group had significantly higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF than the Ti group in the early phase of tendon-bone healing, followed by enhanced expression of fibrocartilage markers and GAG production. 26713681 9 6 theme HP 1760:1761 arg1 group 1766:1770 the HP Mg group 1756:1770 the HP Mg group compared with the Ti group 1756:1797 In the immunohistochemical analysis, highly positive staining of BMP-2, VEGF and the specific receptor for BMP-2 (BMPR1A) was shown at the tendon-bone interface of the HP Mg group compared with the Ti group. 26713681 2 7 theme vascular 634:641 arg1 VEGF 670:673 VEGF 670:673 VEGF 670:673 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 7 theme vascular 634:641 arg1 factor 662:667 vascular endothelial growth factor 634:667 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 634:674 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 8 theme glycosaminoglycan 734:750 arg1 in vitro 769:776 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro 734:776 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro 734:776 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 7 9 theme reconstructed 1274:1286 arg1 ACL 1288:1290 the reconstructed ACL 1270:1290 the reconstructed ACL 1270:1290 The HP Mg group was comparable to the Ti group with respect to biomechanical properties of the reconstructed ACL, and the ultimate load to failure and stiffness increased 12 weeks after surgery. 26713681 10 10 theme enhanced 1956:1963 arg1 expression 1965:1974 enhanced expression 1956:1974 enhanced expression of fibrocartilage markers 1956:2000 Furthermore, the HP Mg group had significantly higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF than the Ti group in the early phase of tendon-bone healing, followed by enhanced expression of fibrocartilage markers and GAG production. 26713681 3 11 with reconstruction 890:903 arg1 screw 924:928 titanium (Ti) screw 910:928 titanium (Ti) screw as the control 910:943 The HP Mg screw was applied to fix the semitendinosus autograft to the femoral tunnel in a rabbit model of ACL reconstruction with titanium (Ti) screw as the control. 26713681 1 12 theme autologous 227:236 arg1 graft 245:249 autologous tendon graft 227:249 autologous tendon graft 227:249 Interference screw in the fixation of autologous tendon graft to the bone tunnel is widely accepted for the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), but the regeneration of fibrocartilaginous entheses could hardly be achieved with the traditional interference screw. 26713681 6 13 theme reaction 1137:1144 arg1 sign 1124:1127 No sign 1121:1127 No sign of host reaction 1121:1144 No sign of host reaction was found in the X-ray scanning. 26713681 2 14 theme production 758:767 arg1 in vitro 769:776 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro 734:776 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro 734:776 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 1 15 theme graft 245:249 arg1 fixation 215:222 the fixation 211:222 the fixation of autologous tendon graft 211:249 Interference screw in the fixation of autologous tendon graft to the bone tunnel is widely accepted for the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), but the regeneration of fibrocartilaginous entheses could hardly be achieved with the traditional interference screw. 26713681 2 16 theme morphogenetic 598:610 arg1 BMP-2 623:627 BMP-2 623:627 BMP-2 623:627 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 16 theme morphogenetic 598:610 arg1 protein-2 612:620 bone morphogenetic protein-2 593:620 bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) 593:628 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 7 17 dep weeks 1353:1357 arg1 surgery 1365:1371 surgery 1365:1371 surgery 1365:1371 The HP Mg group was comparable to the Ti group with respect to biomechanical properties of the reconstructed ACL, and the ultimate load to failure and stiffness increased 12 weeks after surgery. 26713681 7 18 theme biomechanical 1242:1254 arg1 properties 1256:1265 biomechanical properties 1242:1265 biomechanical properties of the reconstructed ACL 1242:1290 The HP Mg group was comparable to the Ti group with respect to biomechanical properties of the reconstructed ACL, and the ultimate load to failure and stiffness increased 12 weeks after surgery. 26713681 10 19 theme markers 1994:2000 arg1 production 2010:2019 GAG production 2006:2019 GAG production 2006:2019 Furthermore, the HP Mg group had significantly higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF than the Ti group in the early phase of tendon-bone healing, followed by enhanced expression of fibrocartilage markers and GAG production. 26713681 10 19 theme markers 1994:2000 arg1 expression 1965:1974 enhanced expression 1956:1974 enhanced expression of fibrocartilage markers 1956:2000 Furthermore, the HP Mg group had significantly higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF than the Ti group in the early phase of tendon-bone healing, followed by enhanced expression of fibrocartilage markers and GAG production. 26713681 10 20 theme HP 1817:1818 arg1 group 1823:1827 the HP Mg group 1813:1827 the HP Mg group 1813:1827 Furthermore, the HP Mg group had significantly higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF than the Ti group in the early phase of tendon-bone healing, followed by enhanced expression of fibrocartilage markers and GAG production. 26713681 9 21 theme immunohistochemical 1599:1617 arg1 analysis 1619:1626 the immunohistochemical analysis 1595:1626 the immunohistochemical analysis 1595:1626 In the immunohistochemical analysis, highly positive staining of BMP-2, VEGF and the specific receptor for BMP-2 (BMPR1A) was shown at the tendon-bone interface of the HP Mg group compared with the Ti group. 26713681 1 22 theme traditional 435:445 arg1 screw 460:464 the traditional interference screw 431:464 the traditional interference screw 431:464 Interference screw in the fixation of autologous tendon graft to the bone tunnel is widely accepted for the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), but the regeneration of fibrocartilaginous entheses could hardly be achieved with the traditional interference screw. 26713681 3 23 theme semitendinosus 818:831 arg1 autograft 833:841 the semitendinosus autograft 814:841 the semitendinosus autograft to the femoral tunnel in a rabbit model of ACL reconstruction with titanium (Ti) screw as the control 814:943 The HP Mg screw was applied to fix the semitendinosus autograft to the femoral tunnel in a rabbit model of ACL reconstruction with titanium (Ti) screw as the control. 26713681 2 24 theme HP 525:526 arg1 magnesium 514:522 biodegradable high-purity magnesium 488:522 biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) 488:530 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 24 theme HP 525:526 arg1 Mg 528:529 HP Mg 525:529 HP Mg 525:529 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 3 25 theme HP 783:784 arg1 screw 789:793 The HP Mg screw 779:793 The HP Mg screw 779:793 The HP Mg screw was applied to fix the semitendinosus autograft to the femoral tunnel in a rabbit model of ACL reconstruction with titanium (Ti) screw as the control. 26713681 5 26 theme motion 1053:1058 arg1 range 1044:1048 range 1044:1048 range 1044:1048 Gross observation and range of motion (ROM) of the animal model reached normal levels at 12 weeks. 26713681 5 26 theme motion 1053:1058 arg1 observation 1028:1038 Gross observation 1022:1038 Gross observation 1022:1038 Gross observation and range of motion (ROM) of the animal model reached normal levels at 12 weeks. 26713681 1 27 from screw 202:206 arg1 fixation 215:222 the fixation 211:222 the fixation of autologous tendon graft 211:249 Interference screw in the fixation of autologous tendon graft to the bone tunnel is widely accepted for the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), but the regeneration of fibrocartilaginous entheses could hardly be achieved with the traditional interference screw. 26713681 9 28 theme positive 1636:1643 arg1 staining 1645:1652 highly positive staining 1629:1652 highly positive staining of BMP-2, VEGF and the specific receptor for BMP-2 (BMPR1A) 1629:1712 In the immunohistochemical analysis, highly positive staining of BMP-2, VEGF and the specific receptor for BMP-2 (BMPR1A) was shown at the tendon-bone interface of the HP Mg group compared with the Ti group. 26713681 12 29 theme ACL 2287:2289 arg1 reconstruction 2291:2304 ACL reconstruction 2287:2304 ACL reconstruction 2287:2304 HP Mg was promising as a biodegradable interference screw with the potential to promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in ACL reconstruction. 26713681 10 30 theme GAG 2006:2008 arg1 production 2010:2019 GAG production 2006:2019 GAG production 2006:2019 Furthermore, the HP Mg group had significantly higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF than the Ti group in the early phase of tendon-bone healing, followed by enhanced expression of fibrocartilage markers and GAG production. 26713681 10 31 theme VEGF 1878:1881 arg1 expression 1854:1863 significantly higher expression 1833:1863 significantly higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF 1833:1881 Furthermore, the HP Mg group had significantly higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF than the Ti group in the early phase of tendon-bone healing, followed by enhanced expression of fibrocartilage markers and GAG production. 26713681 0 32 theme anterior 98:105 arg1 model 147:151 the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model 94:151 the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model 94:151 High-purity magnesium interference screws promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model via accumulation of BMP-2 and VEGF. 26713681 1 33 theme Interference 189:200 arg1 screw 202:206 Interference screw 189:206 Interference screw in the fixation of autologous tendon graft to the bone tunnel 189:268 Interference screw in the fixation of autologous tendon graft to the bone tunnel is widely accepted for the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), but the regeneration of fibrocartilaginous entheses could hardly be achieved with the traditional interference screw. 26713681 3 34 theme femoral 850:856 arg1 tunnel 858:863 the femoral tunnel 846:863 the femoral tunnel 846:863 The HP Mg screw was applied to fix the semitendinosus autograft to the femoral tunnel in a rabbit model of ACL reconstruction with titanium (Ti) screw as the control. 26713681 2 35 theme good 539:542 arg1 cytocompatibility 544:560 good cytocompatibility 539:560 good cytocompatibility 539:560 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 10 36 theme BMP-2 1868:1872 arg1 expression 1854:1863 significantly higher expression 1833:1863 significantly higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF 1833:1881 Furthermore, the HP Mg group had significantly higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF than the Ti group in the early phase of tendon-bone healing, followed by enhanced expression of fibrocartilage markers and GAG production. 26713681 0 37 theme ligament 116:123 arg1 model 147:151 the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model 94:151 the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model 94:151 High-purity magnesium interference screws promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model via accumulation of BMP-2 and VEGF. 26713681 2 38 theme factor 662:667 arg1 expression 579:588 the expression 575:588 the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 575:674 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 38 theme factor 662:667 arg1 in vitro 769:776 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro 734:776 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro 734:776 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 38 theme factor 662:667 arg1 Aggrecan 701:708 Aggrecan 701:708 Aggrecan 701:708 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 38 theme factor 662:667 arg1 COL2A1 711:716 COL2A1 711:716 COL2A1 711:716 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 38 theme factor 662:667 arg1 markers 692:698 fibrocartilage markers 677:698 fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9) 677:727 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 38 theme factor 662:667 arg1 SOX-9 722:726 SOX-9 722:726 SOX-9 722:726 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 10 39 from group 1895:1899 arg1 phase 1914:1918 the early phase 1904:1918 the early phase of tendon-bone healing 1904:1941 Furthermore, the HP Mg group had significantly higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF than the Ti group in the early phase of tendon-bone healing, followed by enhanced expression of fibrocartilage markers and GAG production. 26713681 0 40 theme rabbit 140:145 arg1 model 147:151 the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model 94:151 the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model 94:151 High-purity magnesium interference screws promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model via accumulation of BMP-2 and VEGF. 26713681 1 41 theme fibrocartilaginous 373:390 arg1 entheses 392:399 fibrocartilaginous entheses 373:399 fibrocartilaginous entheses 373:399 Interference screw in the fixation of autologous tendon graft to the bone tunnel is widely accepted for the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), but the regeneration of fibrocartilaginous entheses could hardly be achieved with the traditional interference screw. 26713681 4 42 theme graft-tibia 963:973 arg1 complex 975:981 The femur-tendon graft-tibia complex 946:981 The femur-tendon graft-tibia complex 946:981 The femur-tendon graft-tibia complex was retrieved at 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks. 26713681 3 43 theme rabbit 870:875 arg1 model 877:881 a rabbit model 868:881 a rabbit model of ACL reconstruction with titanium (Ti) screw as the control 868:943 The HP Mg screw was applied to fix the semitendinosus autograft to the femoral tunnel in a rabbit model of ACL reconstruction with titanium (Ti) screw as the control. 26713681 7 44 theme Ti 1217:1218 arg1 group 1220:1224 the Ti group 1213:1224 the Ti group 1213:1224 The HP Mg group was comparable to the Ti group with respect to biomechanical properties of the reconstructed ACL, and the ultimate load to failure and stiffness increased 12 weeks after surgery. 26713681 11 45 theme BMP-2 2068:2072 arg1 responsible 2098:2108 responsible 2098:2108 responsible 2098:2108 Therefore we proposed that the stimulation of BMP-2 and VEGF by Mg ions was responsible for the fibrochondrogenesis of Mg materials. 26713681 11 45 theme BMP-2 2068:2072 arg1 stimulation 2053:2063 the stimulation 2049:2063 the stimulation of BMP-2 and VEGF by Mg ions 2049:2092 Therefore we proposed that the stimulation of BMP-2 and VEGF by Mg ions was responsible for the fibrochondrogenesis of Mg materials. 26713681 0 46 theme High-purity 0:10 arg1 screws 35:40 High-purity magnesium interference screws 0:40 High-purity magnesium interference screws 0:40 High-purity magnesium interference screws promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model via accumulation of BMP-2 and VEGF. 26713681 3 47 theme titanium 910:917 arg1 screw 924:928 titanium (Ti) screw 910:928 titanium (Ti) screw as the control 910:943 The HP Mg screw was applied to fix the semitendinosus autograft to the femoral tunnel in a rabbit model of ACL reconstruction with titanium (Ti) screw as the control. 26713681 9 48 theme specific 1677:1684 arg1 receptor 1686:1693 the specific receptor 1673:1693 the specific receptor for BMP-2 (BMPR1A) 1673:1712 In the immunohistochemical analysis, highly positive staining of BMP-2, VEGF and the specific receptor for BMP-2 (BMPR1A) was shown at the tendon-bone interface of the HP Mg group compared with the Ti group. 26713681 9 48 theme specific 1677:1684 arg1 BMPR1A 1706:1711 BMPR1A 1706:1711 BMPR1A 1706:1711 In the immunohistochemical analysis, highly positive staining of BMP-2, VEGF and the specific receptor for BMP-2 (BMPR1A) was shown at the tendon-bone interface of the HP Mg group compared with the Ti group. 26713681 8 49 theme Mg 1411:1412 arg1 group 1414:1418 the HP Mg group 1404:1418 the HP Mg group 1404:1418 In the histological analysis, the HP Mg group formed distinct fibrocartilage transition zones at the tendon-bone interface 12 weeks after surgery, whereas a disorganized fibrocartilage layer was found in the Ti group. 26713681 0 50 theme interference 22:33 arg1 screws 35:40 High-purity magnesium interference screws 0:40 High-purity magnesium interference screws 0:40 High-purity magnesium interference screws promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model via accumulation of BMP-2 and VEGF. 26713681 3 51 theme reconstruction 890:903 arg1 model 877:881 a rabbit model 868:881 a rabbit model of ACL reconstruction with titanium (Ti) screw as the control 868:943 The HP Mg screw was applied to fix the semitendinosus autograft to the femoral tunnel in a rabbit model of ACL reconstruction with titanium (Ti) screw as the control. 26713681 2 52 theme biodegradable 488:500 arg1 magnesium 514:522 biodegradable high-purity magnesium 488:522 biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) 488:530 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 52 theme biodegradable 488:500 arg1 Mg 528:529 HP Mg 525:529 HP Mg 525:529 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 10 53 theme healing 1935:1941 arg1 phase 1914:1918 the early phase 1904:1918 the early phase of tendon-bone healing 1904:1941 Furthermore, the HP Mg group had significantly higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF than the Ti group in the early phase of tendon-bone healing, followed by enhanced expression of fibrocartilage markers and GAG production. 26713681 12 54 with screw 2207:2211 arg1 potential 2222:2230 the potential to promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in ACL reconstruction 2218:2304 the potential to promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in ACL reconstruction 2218:2304 HP Mg was promising as a biodegradable interference screw with the potential to promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in ACL reconstruction. 26713681 1 55 theme cruciate 324:331 arg1 ligament 333:340 anterior cruciate ligament 315:340 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) 315:346 Interference screw in the fixation of autologous tendon graft to the bone tunnel is widely accepted for the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), but the regeneration of fibrocartilaginous entheses could hardly be achieved with the traditional interference screw. 26713681 1 55 theme cruciate 324:331 arg1 ACL 343:345 ACL 343:345 ACL 343:345 Interference screw in the fixation of autologous tendon graft to the bone tunnel is widely accepted for the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), but the regeneration of fibrocartilaginous entheses could hardly be achieved with the traditional interference screw. 26713681 7 56 theme Mg 1186:1187 arg1 group 1189:1193 The HP Mg group 1179:1193 The HP Mg group 1179:1193 The HP Mg group was comparable to the Ti group with respect to biomechanical properties of the reconstructed ACL, and the ultimate load to failure and stiffness increased 12 weeks after surgery. 26713681 7 56 theme Mg 1186:1187 arg1 comparable 1199:1208 comparable 1199:1208 comparable 1199:1208 The HP Mg group was comparable to the Ti group with respect to biomechanical properties of the reconstructed ACL, and the ultimate load to failure and stiffness increased 12 weeks after surgery. 26713681 8 57 theme fibrocartilage 1436:1449 arg1 zones 1462:1466 distinct fibrocartilage transition zones 1427:1466 distinct fibrocartilage transition zones 1427:1466 In the histological analysis, the HP Mg group formed distinct fibrocartilage transition zones at the tendon-bone interface 12 weeks after surgery, whereas a disorganized fibrocartilage layer was found in the Ti group. 26713681 5 58 theme animal 1073:1078 arg1 model 1080:1084 the animal model 1069:1084 the animal model 1069:1084 Gross observation and range of motion (ROM) of the animal model reached normal levels at 12 weeks. 26713681 3 59 theme Ti 920:921 arg1 screw 924:928 titanium (Ti) screw 910:928 titanium (Ti) screw as the control 910:943 The HP Mg screw was applied to fix the semitendinosus autograft to the femoral tunnel in a rabbit model of ACL reconstruction with titanium (Ti) screw as the control. 26713681 11 60 theme Mg 2141:2142 arg1 materials 2144:2152 Mg materials 2141:2152 Mg materials 2141:2152 Therefore we proposed that the stimulation of BMP-2 and VEGF by Mg ions was responsible for the fibrochondrogenesis of Mg materials. 26713681 12 61 theme entheses 2262:2269 arg1 regeneration 2271:2282 fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration 2243:2282 fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration 2243:2282 HP Mg was promising as a biodegradable interference screw with the potential to promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in ACL reconstruction. 26713681 8 62 located found 1569:1573 arg1 group 1585:1589 the Ti group 1578:1589 the Ti group 1578:1589 In the histological analysis, the HP Mg group formed distinct fibrocartilage transition zones at the tendon-bone interface 12 weeks after surgery, whereas a disorganized fibrocartilage layer was found in the Ti group. 26713681 8 62 located found 1569:1573 arg2 layer 1559:1563 a disorganized fibrocartilage layer 1529:1563 a disorganized fibrocartilage layer 1529:1563 In the histological analysis, the HP Mg group formed distinct fibrocartilage transition zones at the tendon-bone interface 12 weeks after surgery, whereas a disorganized fibrocartilage layer was found in the Ti group. 26713681 10 63 theme tendon-bone 1923:1933 arg1 healing 1935:1941 tendon-bone healing 1923:1941 tendon-bone healing 1923:1941 Furthermore, the HP Mg group had significantly higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF than the Ti group in the early phase of tendon-bone healing, followed by enhanced expression of fibrocartilage markers and GAG production. 26713681 8 64 theme disorganized 1531:1542 arg1 layer 1559:1563 a disorganized fibrocartilage layer 1529:1563 a disorganized fibrocartilage layer 1529:1563 In the histological analysis, the HP Mg group formed distinct fibrocartilage transition zones at the tendon-bone interface 12 weeks after surgery, whereas a disorganized fibrocartilage layer was found in the Ti group. 26713681 1 65 theme bone 258:261 arg1 tunnel 263:268 the bone tunnel 254:268 the bone tunnel 254:268 Interference screw in the fixation of autologous tendon graft to the bone tunnel is widely accepted for the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), but the regeneration of fibrocartilaginous entheses could hardly be achieved with the traditional interference screw. 26713681 8 66 theme interface 1487:1495 arg1 weeks 1500:1504 the tendon-bone interface 12 weeks 1471:1504 the tendon-bone interface 12 weeks after surgery 1471:1518 In the histological analysis, the HP Mg group formed distinct fibrocartilage transition zones at the tendon-bone interface 12 weeks after surgery, whereas a disorganized fibrocartilage layer was found in the Ti group. 26713681 2 67 theme protein-2 612:620 arg1 expression 579:588 the expression 575:588 the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 575:674 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 67 theme protein-2 612:620 arg1 in vitro 769:776 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro 734:776 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro 734:776 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 67 theme protein-2 612:620 arg1 Aggrecan 701:708 Aggrecan 701:708 Aggrecan 701:708 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 67 theme protein-2 612:620 arg1 COL2A1 711:716 COL2A1 711:716 COL2A1 711:716 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 67 theme protein-2 612:620 arg1 markers 692:698 fibrocartilage markers 677:698 fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9) 677:727 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 67 theme protein-2 612:620 arg1 SOX-9 722:726 SOX-9 722:726 SOX-9 722:726 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 11 68 theme Mg 2086:2087 arg1 ions 2089:2092 Mg ions 2086:2092 Mg ions 2086:2092 Therefore we proposed that the stimulation of BMP-2 and VEGF by Mg ions was responsible for the fibrochondrogenesis of Mg materials. 26713681 9 69 theme group 1766:1770 arg1 interface 1743:1751 the tendon-bone interface 1727:1751 the tendon-bone interface of the HP Mg group compared with the Ti group 1727:1797 In the immunohistochemical analysis, highly positive staining of BMP-2, VEGF and the specific receptor for BMP-2 (BMPR1A) was shown at the tendon-bone interface of the HP Mg group compared with the Ti group. 26713681 2 70 theme endothelial 643:653 arg1 VEGF 670:673 VEGF 670:673 VEGF 670:673 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 70 theme endothelial 643:653 arg1 factor 662:667 vascular endothelial growth factor 634:667 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 634:674 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 7 71 theme ultimate 1301:1308 arg1 load 1310:1313 the ultimate load 1297:1313 the ultimate load to failure 1297:1324 The HP Mg group was comparable to the Ti group with respect to biomechanical properties of the reconstructed ACL, and the ultimate load to failure and stiffness increased 12 weeks after surgery. 26713681 9 72 theme Mg 1763:1764 arg1 group 1766:1770 the HP Mg group 1756:1770 the HP Mg group compared with the Ti group 1756:1797 In the immunohistochemical analysis, highly positive staining of BMP-2, VEGF and the specific receptor for BMP-2 (BMPR1A) was shown at the tendon-bone interface of the HP Mg group compared with the Ti group. 26713681 3 73 from autograft 833:841 arg1 model 877:881 a rabbit model 868:881 a rabbit model of ACL reconstruction with titanium (Ti) screw as the control 868:943 The HP Mg screw was applied to fix the semitendinosus autograft to the femoral tunnel in a rabbit model of ACL reconstruction with titanium (Ti) screw as the control. 26713681 11 74 theme materials 2144:2152 arg1 fibrochondrogenesis 2118:2136 the fibrochondrogenesis 2114:2136 the fibrochondrogenesis of Mg materials 2114:2152 Therefore we proposed that the stimulation of BMP-2 and VEGF by Mg ions was responsible for the fibrochondrogenesis of Mg materials. 26713681 12 75 theme HP 2155:2156 arg1 Mg 2158:2159 HP Mg 2155:2159 HP Mg 2155:2159 HP Mg was promising as a biodegradable interference screw with the potential to promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in ACL reconstruction. 26713681 7 76 theme ACL 1288:1290 arg1 properties 1256:1265 biomechanical properties 1242:1265 biomechanical properties of the reconstructed ACL 1242:1290 The HP Mg group was comparable to the Ti group with respect to biomechanical properties of the reconstructed ACL, and the ultimate load to failure and stiffness increased 12 weeks after surgery. 26713681 0 77 theme BMP-2 173:177 arg1 accumulation 157:168 accumulation 157:168 accumulation of BMP-2 and VEGF 157:186 High-purity magnesium interference screws promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model via accumulation of BMP-2 and VEGF. 26713681 1 78 theme tendon 238:243 arg1 graft 245:249 autologous tendon graft 227:249 autologous tendon graft 227:249 Interference screw in the fixation of autologous tendon graft to the bone tunnel is widely accepted for the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), but the regeneration of fibrocartilaginous entheses could hardly be achieved with the traditional interference screw. 26713681 6 79 theme host 1132:1135 arg1 reaction 1137:1144 host reaction 1132:1144 host reaction 1132:1144 No sign of host reaction was found in the X-ray scanning. 26713681 10 80 theme Mg 1820:1821 arg1 group 1823:1827 the HP Mg group 1813:1827 the HP Mg group 1813:1827 Furthermore, the HP Mg group had significantly higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF than the Ti group in the early phase of tendon-bone healing, followed by enhanced expression of fibrocartilage markers and GAG production. 26713681 0 81 theme VEGF 183:186 arg1 accumulation 157:168 accumulation 157:168 accumulation of BMP-2 and VEGF 157:186 High-purity magnesium interference screws promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model via accumulation of BMP-2 and VEGF. 26713681 5 82 theme Gross 1022:1026 arg1 observation 1028:1038 Gross observation 1022:1038 Gross observation 1022:1038 Gross observation and range of motion (ROM) of the animal model reached normal levels at 12 weeks. 26713681 2 83 theme bone 593:596 arg1 BMP-2 623:627 BMP-2 623:627 BMP-2 623:627 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 83 theme bone 593:596 arg1 protein-2 612:620 bone morphogenetic protein-2 593:620 bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) 593:628 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 10 84 theme fibrocartilage 1979:1992 arg1 markers 1994:2000 fibrocartilage markers 1979:2000 fibrocartilage markers 1979:2000 Furthermore, the HP Mg group had significantly higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF than the Ti group in the early phase of tendon-bone healing, followed by enhanced expression of fibrocartilage markers and GAG production. 26713681 10 85 theme higher 1847:1852 arg1 expression 1854:1863 significantly higher expression 1833:1863 significantly higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF 1833:1881 Furthermore, the HP Mg group had significantly higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF than the Ti group in the early phase of tendon-bone healing, followed by enhanced expression of fibrocartilage markers and GAG production. 26713681 1 86 theme interference 447:458 arg1 screw 460:464 the traditional interference screw 431:464 the traditional interference screw 431:464 Interference screw in the fixation of autologous tendon graft to the bone tunnel is widely accepted for the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), but the regeneration of fibrocartilaginous entheses could hardly be achieved with the traditional interference screw. 26713681 2 87 dep markers 692:698 arg1 COL2A1 711:716 COL2A1 711:716 COL2A1 711:716 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 87 dep markers 692:698 arg1 Aggrecan 701:708 Aggrecan 701:708 Aggrecan 701:708 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 87 dep markers 692:698 arg1 markers 692:698 fibrocartilage markers 677:698 fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9) 677:727 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 87 dep markers 692:698 arg1 SOX-9 722:726 SOX-9 722:726 SOX-9 722:726 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 3 88 theme Mg 786:787 arg1 screw 789:793 The HP Mg screw 779:793 The HP Mg screw 779:793 The HP Mg screw was applied to fix the semitendinosus autograft to the femoral tunnel in a rabbit model of ACL reconstruction with titanium (Ti) screw as the control. 26713681 0 89 theme cruciate 107:114 arg1 model 147:151 the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model 94:151 the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model 94:151 High-purity magnesium interference screws promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model via accumulation of BMP-2 and VEGF. 26713681 2 90 theme high-purity 502:512 arg1 magnesium 514:522 biodegradable high-purity magnesium 488:522 biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) 488:530 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 90 theme high-purity 502:512 arg1 Mg 528:529 HP Mg 525:529 HP Mg 525:529 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 8 91 theme histological 1381:1392 arg1 analysis 1394:1401 the histological analysis 1377:1401 the histological analysis 1377:1401 In the histological analysis, the HP Mg group formed distinct fibrocartilage transition zones at the tendon-bone interface 12 weeks after surgery, whereas a disorganized fibrocartilage layer was found in the Ti group. 26713681 10 92 contain had 1829:1831 arg2 expression 1854:1863 significantly higher expression 1833:1863 significantly higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF 1833:1881 Furthermore, the HP Mg group had significantly higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF than the Ti group in the early phase of tendon-bone healing, followed by enhanced expression of fibrocartilage markers and GAG production. 26713681 10 92 contain had 1829:1831 arg1 group 1823:1827 the HP Mg group 1813:1827 the HP Mg group 1813:1827 Furthermore, the HP Mg group had significantly higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF than the Ti group in the early phase of tendon-bone healing, followed by enhanced expression of fibrocartilage markers and GAG production. 26713681 0 93 theme reconstruction 125:138 arg1 model 147:151 the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model 94:151 the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model 94:151 High-purity magnesium interference screws promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model via accumulation of BMP-2 and VEGF. 26713681 9 94 theme BMP-2 1657:1661 arg1 staining 1645:1652 highly positive staining 1629:1652 highly positive staining of BMP-2, VEGF and the specific receptor for BMP-2 (BMPR1A) 1629:1712 In the immunohistochemical analysis, highly positive staining of BMP-2, VEGF and the specific receptor for BMP-2 (BMPR1A) was shown at the tendon-bone interface of the HP Mg group compared with the Ti group. 26713681 0 95 from regeneration 78:89 arg1 model 147:151 the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model 94:151 the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model 94:151 High-purity magnesium interference screws promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model via accumulation of BMP-2 and VEGF. 26713681 3 96 theme ACL 886:888 arg1 reconstruction 890:903 ACL reconstruction 886:903 ACL reconstruction with titanium (Ti) screw as the control 886:943 The HP Mg screw was applied to fix the semitendinosus autograft to the femoral tunnel in a rabbit model of ACL reconstruction with titanium (Ti) screw as the control. 26713681 9 97 theme VEGF 1664:1667 arg1 staining 1645:1652 highly positive staining 1629:1652 highly positive staining of BMP-2, VEGF and the specific receptor for BMP-2 (BMPR1A) 1629:1712 In the immunohistochemical analysis, highly positive staining of BMP-2, VEGF and the specific receptor for BMP-2 (BMPR1A) was shown at the tendon-bone interface of the HP Mg group compared with the Ti group. 26713681 8 98 theme HP 1408:1409 arg1 group 1414:1418 the HP Mg group 1404:1418 the HP Mg group 1404:1418 In the histological analysis, the HP Mg group formed distinct fibrocartilage transition zones at the tendon-bone interface 12 weeks after surgery, whereas a disorganized fibrocartilage layer was found in the Ti group. 26713681 12 99 theme interference 2194:2205 arg1 screw 2207:2211 a biodegradable interference screw 2178:2211 a biodegradable interference screw with the potential to promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in ACL reconstruction 2178:2304 HP Mg was promising as a biodegradable interference screw with the potential to promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in ACL reconstruction. 26713681 0 100 theme magnesium 12:20 arg1 screws 35:40 High-purity magnesium interference screws 0:40 High-purity magnesium interference screws 0:40 High-purity magnesium interference screws promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model via accumulation of BMP-2 and VEGF. 26713681 1 101 theme entheses 392:399 arg1 regeneration 357:368 the regeneration 353:368 the regeneration of fibrocartilaginous entheses 353:399 Interference screw in the fixation of autologous tendon graft to the bone tunnel is widely accepted for the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), but the regeneration of fibrocartilaginous entheses could hardly be achieved with the traditional interference screw. 26713681 6 102 located found 1150:1154 arg1 scanning 1169:1176 the X-ray scanning 1159:1176 the X-ray scanning 1159:1176 No sign of host reaction was found in the X-ray scanning. 26713681 6 102 located found 1150:1154 arg2 sign 1124:1127 No sign 1121:1127 No sign of host reaction 1121:1144 No sign of host reaction was found in the X-ray scanning. 26713681 2 103 theme fibrocartilage 677:690 arg1 COL2A1 711:716 COL2A1 711:716 COL2A1 711:716 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 103 theme fibrocartilage 677:690 arg1 Aggrecan 701:708 Aggrecan 701:708 Aggrecan 701:708 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 103 theme fibrocartilage 677:690 arg1 markers 692:698 fibrocartilage markers 677:698 fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9) 677:727 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 2 103 theme fibrocartilage 677:690 arg1 SOX-9 722:726 SOX-9 722:726 SOX-9 722:726 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 5 104 theme normal 1094:1099 arg1 levels 1101:1106 normal levels 1094:1106 normal levels 1094:1106 Gross observation and range of motion (ROM) of the animal model reached normal levels at 12 weeks. 26713681 9 105 theme receptor 1686:1693 arg1 staining 1645:1652 highly positive staining 1629:1652 highly positive staining of BMP-2, VEGF and the specific receptor for BMP-2 (BMPR1A) 1629:1712 In the immunohistochemical analysis, highly positive staining of BMP-2, VEGF and the specific receptor for BMP-2 (BMPR1A) was shown at the tendon-bone interface of the HP Mg group compared with the Ti group. 26713681 8 106 theme distinct 1427:1434 arg1 zones 1462:1466 distinct fibrocartilage transition zones 1427:1466 distinct fibrocartilage transition zones 1427:1466 In the histological analysis, the HP Mg group formed distinct fibrocartilage transition zones at the tendon-bone interface 12 weeks after surgery, whereas a disorganized fibrocartilage layer was found in the Ti group. 26713681 9 107 theme Ti 1790:1791 arg1 group 1793:1797 the Ti group 1786:1797 the Ti group 1786:1797 In the immunohistochemical analysis, highly positive staining of BMP-2, VEGF and the specific receptor for BMP-2 (BMPR1A) was shown at the tendon-bone interface of the HP Mg group compared with the Ti group. 26713681 0 108 theme fibrocartilaginous 50:67 arg1 regeneration 78:89 fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration 50:89 fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model 50:151 High-purity magnesium interference screws promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model via accumulation of BMP-2 and VEGF. 26713681 1 109 theme anterior 315:322 arg1 ligament 333:340 anterior cruciate ligament 315:340 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) 315:346 Interference screw in the fixation of autologous tendon graft to the bone tunnel is widely accepted for the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), but the regeneration of fibrocartilaginous entheses could hardly be achieved with the traditional interference screw. 26713681 1 109 theme anterior 315:322 arg1 ACL 343:345 ACL 343:345 ACL 343:345 Interference screw in the fixation of autologous tendon graft to the bone tunnel is widely accepted for the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), but the regeneration of fibrocartilaginous entheses could hardly be achieved with the traditional interference screw. 26713681 7 110 theme HP 1183:1184 arg1 group 1189:1193 The HP Mg group 1179:1193 The HP Mg group 1179:1193 The HP Mg group was comparable to the Ti group with respect to biomechanical properties of the reconstructed ACL, and the ultimate load to failure and stiffness increased 12 weeks after surgery. 26713681 7 110 theme HP 1183:1184 arg1 comparable 1199:1208 comparable 1199:1208 comparable 1199:1208 The HP Mg group was comparable to the Ti group with respect to biomechanical properties of the reconstructed ACL, and the ultimate load to failure and stiffness increased 12 weeks after surgery. 26713681 4 111 theme femur-tendon 950:961 arg1 complex 975:981 The femur-tendon graft-tibia complex 946:981 The femur-tendon graft-tibia complex 946:981 The femur-tendon graft-tibia complex was retrieved at 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks. 26713681 8 112 theme transition 1451:1460 arg1 zones 1462:1466 distinct fibrocartilage transition zones 1427:1466 distinct fibrocartilage transition zones 1427:1466 In the histological analysis, the HP Mg group formed distinct fibrocartilage transition zones at the tendon-bone interface 12 weeks after surgery, whereas a disorganized fibrocartilage layer was found in the Ti group. 26713681 1 113 theme ligament 333:340 arg1 reconstruction 297:310 the reconstruction 293:310 the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) 293:346 Interference screw in the fixation of autologous tendon graft to the bone tunnel is widely accepted for the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), but the regeneration of fibrocartilaginous entheses could hardly be achieved with the traditional interference screw. 26713681 0 114 dep fibrocartilaginous 50:67 arg1 entheses 69:76 entheses 69:76 entheses 69:76 High-purity magnesium interference screws promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model via accumulation of BMP-2 and VEGF. 26713681 2 115 theme present 474:480 arg1 work 482:485 the present work 470:485 the present work 470:485 In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. 26713681 12 116 theme fibrocartilaginous 2243:2260 arg1 regeneration 2271:2282 fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration 2243:2282 fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration 2243:2282 HP Mg was promising as a biodegradable interference screw with the potential to promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in ACL reconstruction. 26713681 5 117 theme model 1080:1084 arg1 range 1044:1048 range 1044:1048 range 1044:1048 Gross observation and range of motion (ROM) of the animal model reached normal levels at 12 weeks. 26713681 5 117 theme model 1080:1084 arg1 observation 1028:1038 Gross observation 1022:1038 Gross observation 1022:1038 Gross observation and range of motion (ROM) of the animal model reached normal levels at 12 weeks. 26713681 10 118 theme Ti 1892:1893 arg1 group 1895:1899 the Ti group 1888:1899 the Ti group in the early phase of tendon-bone healing 1888:1941 Furthermore, the HP Mg group had significantly higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF than the Ti group in the early phase of tendon-bone healing, followed by enhanced expression of fibrocartilage markers and GAG production. 26713681 8 119 theme tendon-bone 1475:1485 arg1 weeks 1500:1504 the tendon-bone interface 12 weeks 1471:1504 the tendon-bone interface 12 weeks after surgery 1471:1518 In the histological analysis, the HP Mg group formed distinct fibrocartilage transition zones at the tendon-bone interface 12 weeks after surgery, whereas a disorganized fibrocartilage layer was found in the Ti group. 26713681 11 120 theme VEGF 2078:2081 arg1 responsible 2098:2108 responsible 2098:2108 responsible 2098:2108 Therefore we proposed that the stimulation of BMP-2 and VEGF by Mg ions was responsible for the fibrochondrogenesis of Mg materials. 26713681 11 120 theme VEGF 2078:2081 arg1 stimulation 2053:2063 the stimulation 2049:2063 the stimulation of BMP-2 and VEGF by Mg ions 2049:2092 Therefore we proposed that the stimulation of BMP-2 and VEGF by Mg ions was responsible for the fibrochondrogenesis of Mg materials. 26713681 8 121 theme fibrocartilage 1544:1557 arg1 layer 1559:1563 a disorganized fibrocartilage layer 1529:1563 a disorganized fibrocartilage layer 1529:1563 In the histological analysis, the HP Mg group formed distinct fibrocartilage transition zones at the tendon-bone interface 12 weeks after surgery, whereas a disorganized fibrocartilage layer was found in the Ti group. 25156790 0 0 from leptum 59:64 arg1 rats 88:91 diet-induced obese rats 69:91 diet-induced obese rats 69:91 Yellow pea fiber improves glycemia and reduces Clostridium leptum in diet-induced obese rats. 25156790 4 1 theme yellow 739:744 arg1 PFL 757:759 PFL 757:759 PFL 757:759 Rats were randomized to 1 of 5 isoenergetic dietary treatments for 6 weeks: (1) control; (2) oligofructose (OFS); (3) yellow PF; (4) yellow pea flour (PFL); or (5) yellow pea starch (PS). 25156790 4 1 theme yellow 739:744 arg1 flour 750:754 (4) yellow pea flour 735:754 (4) yellow pea flour (PFL) 735:760 Rats were randomized to 1 of 5 isoenergetic dietary treatments for 6 weeks: (1) control; (2) oligofructose (OFS); (3) yellow PF; (4) yellow pea flour (PFL); or (5) yellow pea starch (PS). 25156790 6 2 theme Pea 976:978 arg1 flour 980:984 Pea flour 976:984 Pea flour 976:984 Pea flour attenuated weight gain compared with control, PF, and PS (P < .05). 25156790 4 3 theme yellow 724:729 arg1 PF 731:732 (3) yellow PF 720:732 (3) yellow PF 720:732 Rats were randomized to 1 of 5 isoenergetic dietary treatments for 6 weeks: (1) control; (2) oligofructose (OFS); (3) yellow PF; (4) yellow pea flour (PFL); or (5) yellow pea starch (PS). 25156790 10 4 from decrease 1409:1416 arg1 percent 1433:1439 percent 1433:1439 percent 1433:1439 Changes in gut microbiota were fraction specific and included a decrease in Firmicutes (percent) for OFS, PF, and PFL compared with control (P < .05). 25156790 10 4 from decrease 1409:1416 arg1 PF 1451:1452 PF 1451:1452 PF 1451:1452 Changes in gut microbiota were fraction specific and included a decrease in Firmicutes (percent) for OFS, PF, and PFL compared with control (P < .05). 25156790 10 4 from decrease 1409:1416 arg1 PFL 1459:1461 PFL 1459:1461 PFL 1459:1461 Changes in gut microbiota were fraction specific and included a decrease in Firmicutes (percent) for OFS, PF, and PFL compared with control (P < .05). 25156790 10 4 from decrease 1409:1416 arg1 Firmicutes 1421:1430 Firmicutes 1421:1430 Firmicutes 1421:1430 Changes in gut microbiota were fraction specific and included a decrease in Firmicutes (percent) for OFS, PF, and PFL compared with control (P < .05). 25156790 0 5 theme Yellow 0:5 arg1 fiber 11:15 Yellow pea fiber 0:15 Yellow pea fiber 0:15 Yellow pea fiber improves glycemia and reduces Clostridium leptum in diet-induced obese rats. 25156790 1 6 theme metabolic 183:191 arg1 health 193:198 metabolic health 183:198 metabolic health 183:198 Numerous studies have demonstrated the impact of functional fibers on gut microbiota and metabolic health, but some less well-studied fibers and/or fractions of foods known to be high in fiber still warrant examination. 25156790 3 7 theme pea 533:535 arg1 fraction 548:555 the yellow pea fiber (PF) fraction 522:555 the yellow pea fiber (PF) fraction 522:555 We hypothesized that the yellow pea fiber (PF) fraction would improve glycemia and alter gut microbiota. 25156790 8 8 theme pea 1173:1175 arg1 diets 1186:1190 the pea fraction diets 1169:1190 Oligofructose but not the pea fraction diets 1147:1190 Oligofructose but not the pea fraction diets reduced food intake compared with control (P < .05). 25156790 7 9 theme body 1115:1118 arg1 fat 1120:1122 significantly lower final percent body fat 1081:1122 significantly lower final percent body fat 1081:1122 Pea flour, PS, and OFS had significantly lower final percent body fat compared with control. 25156790 12 10 theme obese 1742:1746 arg1 rats 1748:1751 obese rats 1742:1751 obese rats 1742:1751 Taken together, this work suggests that yellow pea-derived fractions are able to distinctly modulate metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in obese rats. 25156790 5 11 theme gut 873:875 arg1 microbiota 877:886 gut microbiota 873:886 gut microbiota 873:886 Glycemia, plasma gut hormones, body composition, hepatic triglyceride content, gut microbiota, and messenger RNA expression of genes related to hepatic fat metabolism were examined. 25156790 2 12 from microbiota 462:471 arg1 rats 495:498 diet-induced obese rats 476:498 diet-induced obese rats 476:498 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of yellow pea-derived fractions varying in fiber and protein content on metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in diet-induced obese rats. 25156790 7 13 theme final 1101:1105 arg1 fat 1120:1122 significantly lower final percent body fat 1081:1122 significantly lower final percent body fat 1081:1122 Pea flour, PS, and OFS had significantly lower final percent body fat compared with control. 25156790 12 14 theme metabolic 1699:1707 arg1 parameters 1709:1718 metabolic parameters 1699:1718 metabolic parameters 1699:1718 Taken together, this work suggests that yellow pea-derived fractions are able to distinctly modulate metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in obese rats. 25156790 11 15 theme P 1588:1588 arg1 < 1590:1590 P < .05 1588:1594 P < .05 1588:1594 The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was reduced with OFS, PF, and PFL when compared with PS (P < .05). 25156790 11 15 theme P 1588:1588 arg1 PS 1584:1585 PS 1584:1585 PS (P < .05) 1584:1595 The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was reduced with OFS, PF, and PFL when compared with PS (P < .05). 25156790 6 16 theme P 1044:1044 arg1 PS 1040:1041 PS 1040:1041 PS (P < .05) 1040:1051 Pea flour attenuated weight gain compared with control, PF, and PS (P < .05). 25156790 6 16 theme P 1044:1044 arg1 < 1046:1046 P < .05 1044:1050 P < .05 1044:1050 Pea flour attenuated weight gain compared with control, PF, and PS (P < .05). 25156790 8 17 theme food 1200:1203 arg1 intake 1205:1210 food intake 1200:1210 food intake 1200:1210 Oligofructose but not the pea fraction diets reduced food intake compared with control (P < .05). 25156790 4 18 dep starch 781:786 arg1 5 767:767 5 767:767 5 767:767 Rats were randomized to 1 of 5 isoenergetic dietary treatments for 6 weeks: (1) control; (2) oligofructose (OFS); (3) yellow PF; (4) yellow pea flour (PFL); or (5) yellow pea starch (PS). 25156790 5 19 theme hepatic 843:849 arg1 content 864:870 hepatic triglyceride content 843:870 hepatic triglyceride content 843:870 Glycemia, plasma gut hormones, body composition, hepatic triglyceride content, gut microbiota, and messenger RNA expression of genes related to hepatic fat metabolism were examined. 25156790 1 20 theme functional 143:152 arg1 fibers 154:159 functional fibers 143:159 functional fibers 143:159 Numerous studies have demonstrated the impact of functional fibers on gut microbiota and metabolic health, but some less well-studied fibers and/or fractions of foods known to be high in fiber still warrant examination. 25156790 2 21 theme gut 458:460 arg1 microbiota 462:471 gut microbiota 458:471 gut microbiota 458:471 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of yellow pea-derived fractions varying in fiber and protein content on metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in diet-induced obese rats. 25156790 4 22 theme dietary 650:656 arg1 treatments 658:667 1 of 5 isoenergetic dietary treatments 630:667 1 of 5 isoenergetic dietary treatments for 6 weeks 630:679 Rats were randomized to 1 of 5 isoenergetic dietary treatments for 6 weeks: (1) control; (2) oligofructose (OFS); (3) yellow PF; (4) yellow pea flour (PFL); or (5) yellow pea starch (PS). 25156790 0 23 theme diet-induced 69:80 arg1 rats 88:91 diet-induced obese rats 69:91 diet-induced obese rats 69:91 Yellow pea fiber improves glycemia and reduces Clostridium leptum in diet-induced obese rats. 25156790 5 24 theme genes 921:925 arg1 composition 830:840 body composition 825:840 body composition 825:840 Glycemia, plasma gut hormones, body composition, hepatic triglyceride content, gut microbiota, and messenger RNA expression of genes related to hepatic fat metabolism were examined. 25156790 5 24 theme genes 921:925 arg1 hormones 815:822 plasma gut hormones 804:822 plasma gut hormones 804:822 Glycemia, plasma gut hormones, body composition, hepatic triglyceride content, gut microbiota, and messenger RNA expression of genes related to hepatic fat metabolism were examined. 25156790 5 24 theme genes 921:925 arg1 content 864:870 hepatic triglyceride content 843:870 hepatic triglyceride content 843:870 Glycemia, plasma gut hormones, body composition, hepatic triglyceride content, gut microbiota, and messenger RNA expression of genes related to hepatic fat metabolism were examined. 25156790 5 24 theme genes 921:925 arg1 Glycemia 794:801 Glycemia 794:801 Glycemia 794:801 Glycemia, plasma gut hormones, body composition, hepatic triglyceride content, gut microbiota, and messenger RNA expression of genes related to hepatic fat metabolism were examined. 25156790 5 24 theme genes 921:925 arg1 expression 907:916 messenger RNA expression 893:916 messenger RNA expression 893:916 Glycemia, plasma gut hormones, body composition, hepatic triglyceride content, gut microbiota, and messenger RNA expression of genes related to hepatic fat metabolism were examined. 25156790 5 24 theme genes 921:925 arg1 microbiota 877:886 gut microbiota 873:886 gut microbiota 873:886 Glycemia, plasma gut hormones, body composition, hepatic triglyceride content, gut microbiota, and messenger RNA expression of genes related to hepatic fat metabolism were examined. 25156790 9 25 theme Pea 1245:1247 arg1 fiber 1249:1253 Pea fiber 1245:1253 Pea fiber 1245:1253 Pea fiber resulted in lower fasting glucose and glucose area under the curve compared with control. 25156790 8 26 theme P 1235:1235 arg1 control 1226:1232 control 1226:1232 control (P < .05) 1226:1242 Oligofructose but not the pea fraction diets reduced food intake compared with control (P < .05). 25156790 8 26 theme P 1235:1235 arg1 < 1237:1237 P < .05 1235:1241 P < .05 1235:1241 Oligofructose but not the pea fraction diets reduced food intake compared with control (P < .05). 25156790 6 27 theme weight 997:1002 arg1 gain 1004:1007 weight gain 997:1007 weight gain 997:1007 Pea flour attenuated weight gain compared with control, PF, and PS (P < .05). 25156790 2 28 theme obese 489:493 arg1 rats 495:498 diet-induced obese rats 476:498 diet-induced obese rats 476:498 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of yellow pea-derived fractions varying in fiber and protein content on metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in diet-induced obese rats. 25156790 5 29 theme messenger 893:901 arg1 expression 907:916 messenger RNA expression 893:916 messenger RNA expression 893:916 Glycemia, plasma gut hormones, body composition, hepatic triglyceride content, gut microbiota, and messenger RNA expression of genes related to hepatic fat metabolism were examined. 25156790 2 30 theme protein 414:420 arg1 content 422:428 protein content 414:428 protein content 414:428 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of yellow pea-derived fractions varying in fiber and protein content on metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in diet-induced obese rats. 25156790 4 31 dep PF 731:732 arg1 3 721:721 3 721:721 3 721:721 Rats were randomized to 1 of 5 isoenergetic dietary treatments for 6 weeks: (1) control; (2) oligofructose (OFS); (3) yellow PF; (4) yellow pea flour (PFL); or (5) yellow pea starch (PS). 25156790 9 32 theme glucose 1293:1299 arg1 area 1301:1304 glucose area 1293:1304 glucose area under the curve 1293:1320 Pea fiber resulted in lower fasting glucose and glucose area under the curve compared with control. 25156790 2 33 theme pea-derived 371:381 arg1 fractions 383:391 yellow pea-derived fractions 364:391 yellow pea-derived fractions varying in fiber and protein content 364:428 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of yellow pea-derived fractions varying in fiber and protein content on metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in diet-induced obese rats. 25156790 5 34 theme fat 946:948 arg1 metabolism 950:959 hepatic fat metabolism 938:959 hepatic fat metabolism 938:959 Glycemia, plasma gut hormones, body composition, hepatic triglyceride content, gut microbiota, and messenger RNA expression of genes related to hepatic fat metabolism were examined. 25156790 5 35 theme body 825:828 arg1 composition 830:840 body composition 825:840 body composition 825:840 Glycemia, plasma gut hormones, body composition, hepatic triglyceride content, gut microbiota, and messenger RNA expression of genes related to hepatic fat metabolism were examined. 25156790 7 36 contain had 1077:1079 arg2 fat 1120:1122 significantly lower final percent body fat 1081:1122 significantly lower final percent body fat 1081:1122 Pea flour, PS, and OFS had significantly lower final percent body fat compared with control. 25156790 7 36 contain had 1077:1079 arg1 PS 1065:1066 PS 1065:1066 PS 1065:1066 Pea flour, PS, and OFS had significantly lower final percent body fat compared with control. 25156790 7 36 contain had 1077:1079 arg1 OFS 1073:1075 OFS 1073:1075 OFS 1073:1075 Pea flour, PS, and OFS had significantly lower final percent body fat compared with control. 25156790 7 36 contain had 1077:1079 arg1 flour 1058:1062 Pea flour 1054:1062 Pea flour 1054:1062 Pea flour, PS, and OFS had significantly lower final percent body fat compared with control. 25156790 2 37 theme yellow 364:369 arg1 fractions 383:391 yellow pea-derived fractions 364:391 yellow pea-derived fractions varying in fiber and protein content 364:428 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of yellow pea-derived fractions varying in fiber and protein content on metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in diet-induced obese rats. 25156790 5 38 theme plasma 804:809 arg1 hormones 815:822 plasma gut hormones 804:822 plasma gut hormones 804:822 Glycemia, plasma gut hormones, body composition, hepatic triglyceride content, gut microbiota, and messenger RNA expression of genes related to hepatic fat metabolism were examined. 25156790 4 39 dep flour 750:754 arg1 4 736:736 4 736:736 4 736:736 Rats were randomized to 1 of 5 isoenergetic dietary treatments for 6 weeks: (1) control; (2) oligofructose (OFS); (3) yellow PF; (4) yellow pea flour (PFL); or (5) yellow pea starch (PS). 25156790 2 40 theme study 330:334 arg1 aim 318:320 The aim 314:320 The aim of this study 314:334 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of yellow pea-derived fractions varying in fiber and protein content on metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in diet-induced obese rats. 25156790 12 41 theme pea-derived 1645:1655 arg1 fractions 1657:1665 yellow pea-derived fractions 1638:1665 yellow pea-derived fractions 1638:1665 Taken together, this work suggests that yellow pea-derived fractions are able to distinctly modulate metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in obese rats. 25156790 1 42 from fiber 281:285 arg1 high 273:276 high 273:276 high 273:276 Numerous studies have demonstrated the impact of functional fibers on gut microbiota and metabolic health, but some less well-studied fibers and/or fractions of foods known to be high in fiber still warrant examination. 25156790 1 43 theme foods 255:259 arg1 fibers 228:233 fibers 228:233 fibers 228:233 Numerous studies have demonstrated the impact of functional fibers on gut microbiota and metabolic health, but some less well-studied fibers and/or fractions of foods known to be high in fiber still warrant examination. 25156790 1 44 from high 273:276 arg1 fiber 281:285 fiber 281:285 fiber 281:285 Numerous studies have demonstrated the impact of functional fibers on gut microbiota and metabolic health, but some less well-studied fibers and/or fractions of foods known to be high in fiber still warrant examination. 25156790 1 45 theme gut 164:166 arg1 microbiota 168:177 gut microbiota 164:177 gut microbiota 164:177 Numerous studies have demonstrated the impact of functional fibers on gut microbiota and metabolic health, but some less well-studied fibers and/or fractions of foods known to be high in fiber still warrant examination. 25156790 3 46 theme fiber 537:541 arg1 fraction 548:555 the yellow pea fiber (PF) fraction 522:555 the yellow pea fiber (PF) fraction 522:555 We hypothesized that the yellow pea fiber (PF) fraction would improve glycemia and alter gut microbiota. 25156790 4 47 dep oligofructose 699:711 arg1 2 696:696 2 696:696 2 696:696 Rats were randomized to 1 of 5 isoenergetic dietary treatments for 6 weeks: (1) control; (2) oligofructose (OFS); (3) yellow PF; (4) yellow pea flour (PFL); or (5) yellow pea starch (PS). 25156790 3 48 theme yellow 526:531 arg1 fraction 548:555 the yellow pea fiber (PF) fraction 522:555 the yellow pea fiber (PF) fraction 522:555 We hypothesized that the yellow pea fiber (PF) fraction would improve glycemia and alter gut microbiota. 25156790 8 49 theme fraction 1177:1184 arg1 diets 1186:1190 the pea fraction diets 1169:1190 Oligofructose but not the pea fraction diets 1147:1190 Oligofructose but not the pea fraction diets reduced food intake compared with control (P < .05). 25156790 4 50 dep control 686:692 arg1 1 683:683 1 683:683 1 683:683 Rats were randomized to 1 of 5 isoenergetic dietary treatments for 6 weeks: (1) control; (2) oligofructose (OFS); (3) yellow PF; (4) yellow pea flour (PFL); or (5) yellow pea starch (PS). 25156790 12 51 theme gut 1724:1726 arg1 microbiota 1728:1737 gut microbiota 1724:1737 gut microbiota 1724:1737 Taken together, this work suggests that yellow pea-derived fractions are able to distinctly modulate metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in obese rats. 25156790 10 52 theme P 1486:1486 arg1 control 1477:1483 control 1477:1483 control (P < .05) 1477:1493 Changes in gut microbiota were fraction specific and included a decrease in Firmicutes (percent) for OFS, PF, and PFL compared with control (P < .05). 25156790 10 52 theme P 1486:1486 arg1 < 1488:1488 P < .05 1486:1492 P < .05 1486:1492 Changes in gut microbiota were fraction specific and included a decrease in Firmicutes (percent) for OFS, PF, and PFL compared with control (P < .05). 25156790 3 53 theme PF 544:545 arg1 fraction 548:555 the yellow pea fiber (PF) fraction 522:555 the yellow pea fiber (PF) fraction 522:555 We hypothesized that the yellow pea fiber (PF) fraction would improve glycemia and alter gut microbiota. 25156790 4 54 theme pea 746:748 arg1 PFL 757:759 PFL 757:759 PFL 757:759 Rats were randomized to 1 of 5 isoenergetic dietary treatments for 6 weeks: (1) control; (2) oligofructose (OFS); (3) yellow PF; (4) yellow pea flour (PFL); or (5) yellow pea starch (PS). 25156790 4 54 theme pea 746:748 arg1 flour 750:754 (4) yellow pea flour 735:754 (4) yellow pea flour (PFL) 735:760 Rats were randomized to 1 of 5 isoenergetic dietary treatments for 6 weeks: (1) control; (2) oligofructose (OFS); (3) yellow PF; (4) yellow pea flour (PFL); or (5) yellow pea starch (PS). 25156790 7 55 theme percent 1107:1113 arg1 fat 1120:1122 significantly lower final percent body fat 1081:1122 significantly lower final percent body fat 1081:1122 Pea flour, PS, and OFS had significantly lower final percent body fat compared with control. 25156790 7 56 theme lower 1095:1099 arg1 fat 1120:1122 significantly lower final percent body fat 1081:1122 significantly lower final percent body fat 1081:1122 Pea flour, PS, and OFS had significantly lower final percent body fat compared with control. 25156790 5 57 theme triglyceride 851:862 arg1 content 864:870 hepatic triglyceride content 843:870 hepatic triglyceride content 843:870 Glycemia, plasma gut hormones, body composition, hepatic triglyceride content, gut microbiota, and messenger RNA expression of genes related to hepatic fat metabolism were examined. 25156790 0 58 theme obese 82:86 arg1 rats 88:91 diet-induced obese rats 69:91 diet-induced obese rats 69:91 Yellow pea fiber improves glycemia and reduces Clostridium leptum in diet-induced obese rats. 25156790 1 59 theme fibers 154:159 arg1 impact 133:138 the impact 129:138 the impact of functional fibers on gut microbiota and metabolic health 129:198 Numerous studies have demonstrated the impact of functional fibers on gut microbiota and metabolic health, but some less well-studied fibers and/or fractions of foods known to be high in fiber still warrant examination. 25156790 4 60 theme isoenergetic 637:648 arg1 treatments 658:667 1 of 5 isoenergetic dietary treatments 630:667 1 of 5 isoenergetic dietary treatments for 6 weeks 630:679 Rats were randomized to 1 of 5 isoenergetic dietary treatments for 6 weeks: (1) control; (2) oligofructose (OFS); (3) yellow PF; (4) yellow pea flour (PFL); or (5) yellow pea starch (PS). 25156790 1 61 dep fibers 228:233 arg1 some 205:208 some 205:208 some 205:208 Numerous studies have demonstrated the impact of functional fibers on gut microbiota and metabolic health, but some less well-studied fibers and/or fractions of foods known to be high in fiber still warrant examination. 25156790 5 62 theme related 927:933 arg1 genes 921:925 genes 921:925 genes related to hepatic fat metabolism 921:959 Glycemia, plasma gut hormones, body composition, hepatic triglyceride content, gut microbiota, and messenger RNA expression of genes related to hepatic fat metabolism were examined. 25156790 12 63 link pea-derived 1645:1655 arg1 fractions 1657:1665 yellow pea-derived fractions 1638:1665 yellow pea-derived fractions 1638:1665 Taken together, this work suggests that yellow pea-derived fractions are able to distinctly modulate metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in obese rats. 25156790 2 64 theme diet-induced 476:487 arg1 rats 495:498 diet-induced obese rats 476:498 diet-induced obese rats 476:498 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of yellow pea-derived fractions varying in fiber and protein content on metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in diet-induced obese rats. 25156790 2 65 from parameters 443:452 arg1 rats 495:498 diet-induced obese rats 476:498 diet-induced obese rats 476:498 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of yellow pea-derived fractions varying in fiber and protein content on metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in diet-induced obese rats. 25156790 4 66 theme pea 777:779 arg1 PS 789:790 PS 789:790 PS 789:790 Rats were randomized to 1 of 5 isoenergetic dietary treatments for 6 weeks: (1) control; (2) oligofructose (OFS); (3) yellow PF; (4) yellow pea flour (PFL); or (5) yellow pea starch (PS). 25156790 4 66 theme pea 777:779 arg1 starch 781:786 (5) yellow pea starch 766:786 (5) yellow pea starch (PS) 766:791 Rats were randomized to 1 of 5 isoenergetic dietary treatments for 6 weeks: (1) control; (2) oligofructose (OFS); (3) yellow PF; (4) yellow pea flour (PFL); or (5) yellow pea starch (PS). 25156790 0 67 theme pea 7:9 arg1 fiber 11:15 Yellow pea fiber 0:15 Yellow pea fiber 0:15 Yellow pea fiber improves glycemia and reduces Clostridium leptum in diet-induced obese rats. 25156790 5 68 theme RNA 903:905 arg1 expression 907:916 messenger RNA expression 893:916 messenger RNA expression 893:916 Glycemia, plasma gut hormones, body composition, hepatic triglyceride content, gut microbiota, and messenger RNA expression of genes related to hepatic fat metabolism were examined. 25156790 1 69 from impact 133:138 arg1 microbiota 168:177 gut microbiota 164:177 gut microbiota 164:177 Numerous studies have demonstrated the impact of functional fibers on gut microbiota and metabolic health, but some less well-studied fibers and/or fractions of foods known to be high in fiber still warrant examination. 25156790 1 69 from impact 133:138 arg1 health 193:198 metabolic health 183:198 metabolic health 183:198 Numerous studies have demonstrated the impact of functional fibers on gut microbiota and metabolic health, but some less well-studied fibers and/or fractions of foods known to be high in fiber still warrant examination. 25156790 1 70 theme Numerous 94:101 arg1 studies 103:109 Numerous studies 94:109 Numerous studies 94:109 Numerous studies have demonstrated the impact of functional fibers on gut microbiota and metabolic health, but some less well-studied fibers and/or fractions of foods known to be high in fiber still warrant examination. 25156790 7 71 theme Pea 1054:1056 arg1 flour 1058:1062 Pea flour 1054:1062 Pea flour 1054:1062 Pea flour, PS, and OFS had significantly lower final percent body fat compared with control. 25156790 2 72 theme fractions 383:391 arg1 effect 354:359 the effect 350:359 the effect of yellow pea-derived fractions varying in fiber and protein content on metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in diet-induced obese rats 350:498 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of yellow pea-derived fractions varying in fiber and protein content on metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in diet-induced obese rats. 25156790 5 73 theme gut 811:813 arg1 hormones 815:822 plasma gut hormones 804:822 plasma gut hormones 804:822 Glycemia, plasma gut hormones, body composition, hepatic triglyceride content, gut microbiota, and messenger RNA expression of genes related to hepatic fat metabolism were examined. 25156790 2 74 theme metabolic 433:441 arg1 parameters 443:452 metabolic parameters 433:452 metabolic parameters 433:452 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of yellow pea-derived fractions varying in fiber and protein content on metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in diet-induced obese rats. 25156790 3 75 theme gut 590:592 arg1 microbiota 594:603 gut microbiota 590:603 gut microbiota 590:603 We hypothesized that the yellow pea fiber (PF) fraction would improve glycemia and alter gut microbiota. 25156790 4 76 theme yellow 770:775 arg1 PS 789:790 PS 789:790 PS 789:790 Rats were randomized to 1 of 5 isoenergetic dietary treatments for 6 weeks: (1) control; (2) oligofructose (OFS); (3) yellow PF; (4) yellow pea flour (PFL); or (5) yellow pea starch (PS). 25156790 4 76 theme yellow 770:775 arg1 starch 781:786 (5) yellow pea starch 766:786 (5) yellow pea starch (PS) 766:791 Rats were randomized to 1 of 5 isoenergetic dietary treatments for 6 weeks: (1) control; (2) oligofructose (OFS); (3) yellow PF; (4) yellow pea flour (PFL); or (5) yellow pea starch (PS). 25156790 0 77 theme Clostridium 47:57 arg1 leptum 59:64 Clostridium leptum 47:64 Clostridium leptum in diet-induced obese rats 47:91 Yellow pea fiber improves glycemia and reduces Clostridium leptum in diet-induced obese rats. 25156790 5 78 theme hepatic 938:944 arg1 metabolism 950:959 hepatic fat metabolism 938:959 hepatic fat metabolism 938:959 Glycemia, plasma gut hormones, body composition, hepatic triglyceride content, gut microbiota, and messenger RNA expression of genes related to hepatic fat metabolism were examined. 25156790 10 79 from Changes 1345:1351 arg1 microbiota 1360:1369 gut microbiota 1356:1369 gut microbiota 1356:1369 Changes in gut microbiota were fraction specific and included a decrease in Firmicutes (percent) for OFS, PF, and PFL compared with control (P < .05). 25156790 2 80 link pea-derived 371:381 arg1 fractions 383:391 yellow pea-derived fractions 364:391 yellow pea-derived fractions varying in fiber and protein content 364:428 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of yellow pea-derived fractions varying in fiber and protein content on metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in diet-induced obese rats. 25156790 2 81 from effect 354:359 arg1 microbiota 462:471 gut microbiota 458:471 gut microbiota 458:471 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of yellow pea-derived fractions varying in fiber and protein content on metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in diet-induced obese rats. 25156790 2 81 from effect 354:359 arg1 parameters 443:452 metabolic parameters 433:452 metabolic parameters 433:452 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of yellow pea-derived fractions varying in fiber and protein content on metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in diet-induced obese rats. 25156790 11 82 theme Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes 1500:1523 arg1 ratio 1525:1529 The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio 1496:1529 The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio 1496:1529 The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was reduced with OFS, PF, and PFL when compared with PS (P < .05). 25156790 1 83 theme well-studied 215:226 arg1 fibers 228:233 fibers 228:233 fibers 228:233 Numerous studies have demonstrated the impact of functional fibers on gut microbiota and metabolic health, but some less well-studied fibers and/or fractions of foods known to be high in fiber still warrant examination. 25156790 12 84 theme yellow 1638:1643 arg1 fractions 1657:1665 yellow pea-derived fractions 1638:1665 yellow pea-derived fractions 1638:1665 Taken together, this work suggests that yellow pea-derived fractions are able to distinctly modulate metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in obese rats. 25156790 10 85 theme gut 1356:1358 arg1 microbiota 1360:1369 gut microbiota 1356:1369 gut microbiota 1356:1369 Changes in gut microbiota were fraction specific and included a decrease in Firmicutes (percent) for OFS, PF, and PFL compared with control (P < .05). 25858243 4 0 located observed 311:318 arg1 optimum 333:339 optimum 333:339 optimum 333:339 Growth was observed at 20-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5), and in the presence of 0-1.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5%). 25858243 4 0 located observed 311:318 arg1 °C 329:330 20-45 °C 323:330 20-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C) 323:347 Growth was observed at 20-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5), and in the presence of 0-1.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5%). 25858243 4 0 located observed 311:318 arg2 Growth 300:305 Growth 300:305 Growth 300:305 Growth was observed at 20-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5), and in the presence of 0-1.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5%). 25858243 11 1 theme NBRC 1324:1327 arg1 T 1336:1336 T 1336:1336 T 1336:1336 nov. is proposed, with THMBR28(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10949(T) = NBRC 108765(T)) as the type strain. 25858243 11 1 theme NBRC 1324:1327 arg1 108765 1329:1334  = CGMCC 1.10949(T) = NBRC 108765 1302:1334  = CGMCC 1.10949(T) = NBRC 108765(T) 1302:1337 nov. is proposed, with THMBR28(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10949(T) = NBRC 108765(T)) as the type strain. 25858243 11 1 theme NBRC 1324:1327 arg1 THMBR28 1290:1296 THMBR28 1290:1296 THMBR28(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10949(T) = NBRC 108765(T)) as the type strain 1290:1357 nov. is proposed, with THMBR28(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10949(T) = NBRC 108765(T)) as the type strain. 25858243 9 2 dep Tumebacillus 1019:1030 arg1 permanentifrigoris 1032:1049 permanentifrigoris 1032:1049 permanentifrigoris 1032:1049 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 10 3 theme Tumebacillus 1206:1217 arg1 species 1185:1191 a novel species 1177:1191 a novel species 1177:1191 Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization, it is concluded that strain THMBR28(T) represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus algifaecis sp. 25858243 6 4 theme unidentified 678:689 arg1 lipids 697:702 six unidentified polar lipids 674:702 six unidentified polar lipids 674:702 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and six unidentified polar lipids. 25858243 5 5 contain contained 463:471 arg2 MK-7 473:476 MK-7 473:476 MK-7 473:476 Strain THMBR28(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid. 25858243 5 5 contain contained 463:471 arg2 0 517:517 0 517:517 0 517:517 Strain THMBR28(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid. 25858243 5 5 contain contained 463:471 arg1 THMBR28 452:458 Strain THMBR28 445:458 Strain THMBR28(T) 445:461 Strain THMBR28(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid. 25858243 5 5 contain contained 463:471 arg1 T 460:460 T 460:460 T 460:460 Strain THMBR28(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid. 25858243 5 5 contain contained 463:471 arg2 acid 547:550 the major cellular fatty acid 522:550 the major cellular fatty acid 522:550 Strain THMBR28(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid. 25858243 5 6 theme fatty 541:545 arg1 MK-7 473:476 MK-7 473:476 MK-7 473:476 Strain THMBR28(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid. 25858243 5 6 theme fatty 541:545 arg1 0 517:517 0 517:517 0 517:517 Strain THMBR28(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid. 25858243 5 6 theme fatty 541:545 arg1 acid 547:550 the major cellular fatty acid 522:550 the major cellular fatty acid 522:550 Strain THMBR28(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid. 25858243 5 7 theme major 485:489 arg1 menaquinone 491:501 the major menaquinone 481:501 the major menaquinone 481:501 Strain THMBR28(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid. 25858243 5 8 theme Strain 445:450 arg1 T 460:460 T 460:460 T 460:460 Strain THMBR28(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid. 25858243 5 8 theme Strain 445:450 arg1 THMBR28 452:458 Strain THMBR28 445:458 Strain THMBR28(T) 445:461 Strain THMBR28(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid. 25858243 7 9 theme cell-wall 735:743 arg1 peptidoglycan 745:757 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 731:757 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 731:757 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25858243 4 10 dep optimum 365:371 arg1 pH 374:375 pH 6.5-7.5 374:383 pH 6.5-7.5 374:383 Growth was observed at 20-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5), and in the presence of 0-1.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5%). 25858243 3 11 dep Gram-staining-positive 236:257 arg1 rod-shaped 288:297 rod-shaped 288:297 rod-shaped 288:297 Cells of strain THMBR28(T) were Gram-staining-positive, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped. 25858243 3 11 dep Gram-staining-positive 236:257 arg1 anaerobic 274:282 anaerobic 274:282 anaerobic 274:282 Cells of strain THMBR28(T) were Gram-staining-positive, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped. 25858243 4 12 dep optimum 429:435 arg1 % 441:441 0.5% 438:441 0.5% 438:441 Growth was observed at 20-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5), and in the presence of 0-1.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5%). 25858243 9 13 theme related 957:963 arg1 9.5 1056:1058 the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5 920:1058 the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%) 920:1069 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 9 13 theme related 957:963 arg1 % 1068:1068 93.4% 1064:1068 93.4% 1064:1068 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 9 13 theme related 957:963 arg1 T 1060:1060 T 1060:1060 T 1060:1060 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 1 14 theme algal 60:64 arg1 scum 66:69 algal scum 60:69 algal scum 60:69 nov., isolated from decomposing algal scum. 25858243 2 15 theme algal 130:134 arg1 scum 136:139 algal scum 130:139 algal scum that was collected during an algal bloom in Taihu lake, China 130:201 Bacterial strain THMBR28(T) was isolated from decomposing algal scum that was collected during an algal bloom in Taihu lake, China. 25858243 10 16 theme name 1234:1237 arg1 sp 1263:1264 the name Tumebacillus algifaecis sp 1230:1264 the name Tumebacillus algifaecis sp 1230:1264 Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization, it is concluded that strain THMBR28(T) represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus algifaecis sp. 25858243 3 17 theme strain 213:218 arg1 T 228:228 T 228:228 T 228:228 Cells of strain THMBR28(T) were Gram-staining-positive, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped. 25858243 3 17 theme strain 213:218 arg1 THMBR28 220:226 strain THMBR28 213:226 strain THMBR28(T) 213:229 Cells of strain THMBR28(T) were Gram-staining-positive, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped. 25858243 10 18 theme Tumebacillus 1239:1250 arg1 sp 1263:1264 the name Tumebacillus algifaecis sp 1230:1264 the name Tumebacillus algifaecis sp 1230:1264 Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization, it is concluded that strain THMBR28(T) represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus algifaecis sp. 25858243 7 19 theme diamino 709:715 arg1 acid 717:720 The diamino acid 705:720 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 705:757 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25858243 7 19 theme diamino 709:715 arg1 acid 783:786 meso-diaminopimelic acid 763:786 meso-diaminopimelic acid 763:786 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25858243 2 20 theme strain 82:87 arg1 T 97:97 T 97:97 T 97:97 Bacterial strain THMBR28(T) was isolated from decomposing algal scum that was collected during an algal bloom in Taihu lake, China. 25858243 2 20 theme strain 82:87 arg1 THMBR28 89:95 Bacterial strain THMBR28 72:95 Bacterial strain THMBR28(T) 72:98 Bacterial strain THMBR28(T) was isolated from decomposing algal scum that was collected during an algal bloom in Taihu lake, China. 25858243 0 21 theme algifaecis 13:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Tumebacillus algifaecis sp 0:25 Tumebacillus algifaecis sp. 0:26 Tumebacillus algifaecis sp. 25858243 11 22 theme type 1347:1350 arg1 strain 1352:1357 the type strain 1343:1357 the type strain 1343:1357 nov. is proposed, with THMBR28(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10949(T) = NBRC 108765(T)) as the type strain. 25858243 4 23 theme 20-45 323:327 arg1 optimum 333:339 optimum 333:339 optimum 333:339 Growth was observed at 20-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5), and in the presence of 0-1.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5%). 25858243 4 23 theme 20-45 323:327 arg1 °C 329:330 20-45 °C 323:330 20-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C) 323:347 Growth was observed at 20-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5), and in the presence of 0-1.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5%). 25858243 5 24 theme major 526:530 arg1 MK-7 473:476 MK-7 473:476 MK-7 473:476 Strain THMBR28(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid. 25858243 5 24 theme major 526:530 arg1 0 517:517 0 517:517 0 517:517 Strain THMBR28(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid. 25858243 5 24 theme major 526:530 arg1 acid 547:550 the major cellular fatty acid 522:550 the major cellular fatty acid 522:550 Strain THMBR28(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid. 25858243 0 25 theme Tumebacillus 0:11 arg1 sp 24:25 Tumebacillus algifaecis sp 0:25 Tumebacillus algifaecis sp. 0:26 Tumebacillus algifaecis sp. 25858243 4 26 theme NaCl 423:426 arg1 presence 398:405 the presence 394:405 the presence of 0-1.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5%) 394:442 Growth was observed at 20-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5), and in the presence of 0-1.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5%). 25858243 10 27 theme novel 1179:1183 arg1 species 1185:1191 a novel species 1177:1191 a novel species 1177:1191 Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization, it is concluded that strain THMBR28(T) represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus algifaecis sp. 25858243 9 28 theme genus 924:928 arg1 9.5 1056:1058 the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5 920:1058 the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%) 920:1069 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 9 28 theme genus 924:928 arg1 % 1068:1068 93.4% 1064:1068 93.4% 1064:1068 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 9 28 theme genus 924:928 arg1 T 1060:1060 T 1060:1060 T 1060:1060 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 9 29 theme ginsengisoli 981:992 arg1 DSM 994:996 Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389 968:1002 Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) 968:1013 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 9 29 theme ginsengisoli 981:992 arg1 T 1004:1004 T 1004:1004 T 1004:1004 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 9 29 theme ginsengisoli 981:992 arg1 % 1012:1012 95.0% 1008:1012 95.0% 1008:1012 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 9 30 theme Tumebacillus 1019:1030 arg1 9.5 1056:1058 the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5 920:1058 the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%) 920:1069 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 9 30 theme Tumebacillus 1019:1030 arg1 % 1068:1068 93.4% 1064:1068 93.4% 1064:1068 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 9 30 theme Tumebacillus 1019:1030 arg1 T 1060:1060 T 1060:1060 T 1060:1060 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 6 31 contain contained 577:585 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 587:606 phosphatidylglycerol 587:606 phosphatidylglycerol 587:606 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and six unidentified polar lipids. 25858243 6 31 contain contained 577:585 arg1 profile 569:575 The polar lipid profile 553:575 The polar lipid profile 553:575 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and six unidentified polar lipids. 25858243 6 31 contain contained 577:585 arg2 phosphatidylethanolamine 645:668 phosphatidylethanolamine 645:668 phosphatidylethanolamine 645:668 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and six unidentified polar lipids. 25858243 6 31 contain contained 577:585 arg2 lipids 697:702 six unidentified polar lipids 674:702 six unidentified polar lipids 674:702 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and six unidentified polar lipids. 25858243 6 31 contain contained 577:585 arg2 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 609:642 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 609:642 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 609:642 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and six unidentified polar lipids. 25858243 10 32 theme phenotypic 1098:1107 arg1 characterization 1109:1124 phenotypic characterization 1098:1124 phenotypic characterization 1098:1124 Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization, it is concluded that strain THMBR28(T) represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus algifaecis sp. 25858243 3 33 theme THMBR28 220:226 arg1 Cells 204:208 Cells 204:208 Cells of strain THMBR28(T) 204:229 Cells of strain THMBR28(T) were Gram-staining-positive, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped. 25858243 9 34 theme Eur1 1051:1054 arg1 9.5 1056:1058 the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5 920:1058 the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%) 920:1069 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 9 34 theme Eur1 1051:1054 arg1 % 1068:1068 93.4% 1064:1068 93.4% 1064:1068 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 9 34 theme Eur1 1051:1054 arg1 T 1060:1060 T 1060:1060 T 1060:1060 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 9 35 theme gene 863:866 arg1 sequences 868:876 16S rRNA gene sequences 854:876 16S rRNA gene sequences 854:876 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 4 36 theme % 415:415 arg1 NaCl 423:426 0-1.0% (w/v) NaCl 410:426 0-1.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5%) 410:442 Growth was observed at 20-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5), and in the presence of 0-1.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5%). 25858243 4 36 theme % 415:415 arg1 optimum 429:435 optimum 429:435 optimum 429:435 Growth was observed at 20-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5), and in the presence of 0-1.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5%). 25858243 5 37 theme cellular 532:539 arg1 MK-7 473:476 MK-7 473:476 MK-7 473:476 Strain THMBR28(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid. 25858243 5 37 theme cellular 532:539 arg1 0 517:517 0 517:517 0 517:517 Strain THMBR28(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid. 25858243 5 37 theme cellular 532:539 arg1 acid 547:550 the major cellular fatty acid 522:550 the major cellular fatty acid 522:550 Strain THMBR28(T) contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid. 25858243 8 38 theme G+C 797:799 arg1 content 801:807 The DNA G+C content 789:807 The DNA G+C content 789:807 The DNA G+C content was 57.6 mol% (Tm). 25858243 8 38 theme G+C 797:799 arg1 % 821:821 57.6 mol% 813:821 57.6 mol% (Tm) 813:826 The DNA G+C content was 57.6 mol% (Tm). 25858243 9 39 theme 16S 854:856 arg1 sequences 868:876 16S rRNA gene sequences 854:876 16S rRNA gene sequences 854:876 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 8 40 theme DNA 793:795 arg1 content 801:807 The DNA G+C content 789:807 The DNA G+C content 789:807 The DNA G+C content was 57.6 mol% (Tm). 25858243 8 40 theme DNA 793:795 arg1 % 821:821 57.6 mol% 813:821 57.6 mol% (Tm) 813:826 The DNA G+C content was 57.6 mol% (Tm). 25858243 9 41 theme rRNA 858:861 arg1 sequences 868:876 16S rRNA gene sequences 854:876 16S rRNA gene sequences 854:876 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 4 42 theme w/v 418:420 arg1 NaCl 423:426 0-1.0% (w/v) NaCl 410:426 0-1.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5%) 410:442 Growth was observed at 20-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5), and in the presence of 0-1.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5%). 25858243 4 42 theme w/v 418:420 arg1 optimum 429:435 optimum 429:435 optimum 429:435 Growth was observed at 20-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5), and in the presence of 0-1.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5%). 25858243 7 43 located found 722:726 arg1 peptidoglycan 745:757 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 731:757 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 731:757 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25858243 7 43 located found 722:726 arg2 acid 717:720 The diamino acid 705:720 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 705:757 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25858243 7 43 located found 722:726 arg2 acid 783:786 meso-diaminopimelic acid 763:786 meso-diaminopimelic acid 763:786 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25858243 6 44 theme lipid 563:567 arg1 profile 569:575 The polar lipid profile 553:575 The polar lipid profile 553:575 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and six unidentified polar lipids. 25858243 10 45 theme genus 1200:1204 arg1 Tumebacillus 1206:1217 the genus Tumebacillus 1196:1217 the genus Tumebacillus 1196:1217 Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization, it is concluded that strain THMBR28(T) represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus algifaecis sp. 25858243 4 46 dep optimum 333:339 arg1 °C 345:346 30 °C 342:346 30 °C 342:346 Growth was observed at 20-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5), and in the presence of 0-1.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5%). 25858243 2 47 theme Bacterial 72:80 arg1 T 97:97 T 97:97 T 97:97 Bacterial strain THMBR28(T) was isolated from decomposing algal scum that was collected during an algal bloom in Taihu lake, China. 25858243 2 47 theme Bacterial 72:80 arg1 THMBR28 89:95 Bacterial strain THMBR28 72:95 Bacterial strain THMBR28(T) 72:98 Bacterial strain THMBR28(T) was isolated from decomposing algal scum that was collected during an algal bloom in Taihu lake, China. 25858243 6 48 theme polar 557:561 arg1 profile 569:575 The polar lipid profile 553:575 The polar lipid profile 553:575 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and six unidentified polar lipids. 25858243 9 49 theme sequences 868:876 arg1 analysis 842:849 Phylogenetic analysis 829:849 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 829:876 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 9 50 theme Tumebacillus 968:979 arg1 DSM 994:996 Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389 968:1002 Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) 968:1013 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 9 50 theme Tumebacillus 968:979 arg1 T 1004:1004 T 1004:1004 T 1004:1004 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 9 50 theme Tumebacillus 968:979 arg1 % 1012:1012 95.0% 1008:1012 95.0% 1008:1012 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 8 51 theme mol 818:820 arg1 content 801:807 The DNA G+C content 789:807 The DNA G+C content 789:807 The DNA G+C content was 57.6 mol% (Tm). 25858243 8 51 theme mol 818:820 arg1 Tm 824:825 Tm 824:825 Tm 824:825 The DNA G+C content was 57.6 mol% (Tm). 25858243 8 51 theme mol 818:820 arg1 % 821:821 57.6 mol% 813:821 57.6 mol% (Tm) 813:826 The DNA G+C content was 57.6 mol% (Tm). 25858243 7 52 theme meso-diaminopimelic 763:781 arg1 acid 783:786 meso-diaminopimelic acid 763:786 meso-diaminopimelic acid 763:786 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25858243 7 52 theme meso-diaminopimelic 763:781 arg1 acid 717:720 The diamino acid 705:720 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 705:757 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25858243 6 53 theme polar 691:695 arg1 lipids 697:702 six unidentified polar lipids 674:702 six unidentified polar lipids 674:702 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and six unidentified polar lipids. 25858243 10 54 theme strain 1148:1153 arg1 T 1163:1163 T 1163:1163 T 1163:1163 Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization, it is concluded that strain THMBR28(T) represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus algifaecis sp. 25858243 10 54 theme strain 1148:1153 arg1 THMBR28 1155:1161 strain THMBR28 1148:1161 strain THMBR28(T) 1148:1164 Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization, it is concluded that strain THMBR28(T) represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus algifaecis sp. 25858243 9 55 theme Phylogenetic 829:840 arg1 analysis 842:849 Phylogenetic analysis 829:849 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 829:876 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 9 56 dep genus 924:928 arg1 Tumebacillus 930:941 Tumebacillus 930:941 Tumebacillus 930:941 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 11 57 theme = 1322:1322 arg1 T 1336:1336 T 1336:1336 T 1336:1336 nov. is proposed, with THMBR28(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10949(T) = NBRC 108765(T)) as the type strain. 25858243 11 57 theme = 1322:1322 arg1 108765 1329:1334  = CGMCC 1.10949(T) = NBRC 108765 1302:1334  = CGMCC 1.10949(T) = NBRC 108765(T) 1302:1337 nov. is proposed, with THMBR28(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10949(T) = NBRC 108765(T)) as the type strain. 25858243 11 57 theme = 1322:1322 arg1 THMBR28 1290:1296 THMBR28 1290:1296 THMBR28(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10949(T) = NBRC 108765(T)) as the type strain 1290:1357 nov. is proposed, with THMBR28(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10949(T) = NBRC 108765(T)) as the type strain. 25858243 9 58 theme strain 890:895 arg1 THMBR28 897:903 strain THMBR28 890:903 strain THMBR28(T) 890:906 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 9 58 theme strain 890:895 arg1 T 905:905 T 905:905 T 905:905 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain THMBR28(T) belonged to the genus Tumebacillus, most closely related to Tumebacillus ginsengisoli DSM 18389(T) (95.0%) and Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris Eur1 9.5(T) (93.4%). 25858243 10 59 dep Tumebacillus 1239:1250 arg1 algifaecis 1252:1261 algifaecis 1252:1261 algifaecis 1252:1261 Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization, it is concluded that strain THMBR28(T) represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus algifaecis sp. 24670898 11 0 theme neighbours 1222:1231 arg1 strains 1186:1192 the type strains 1177:1192 the type strains of the closest phylogenetic neighbours 1177:1231 DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain OS1-21(T) with the type strains of the closest phylogenetic neighbours were low (<16.0%). 24670898 8 1 theme unknown 825:831 arg1 phospholipids 833:845 two unknown phospholipids 821:845 two unknown phospholipids 821:845 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown phospholipids. 24670898 5 2 from acid 526:529 arg1 peptidoglycan 544:556 cell-wall peptidoglycan 534:556 cell-wall peptidoglycan 534:556 LL-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24670898 6 3 theme predominant 563:573 arg1 MK-8 591:594 MK-8 591:594 MK-8(H4) 591:598 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4). 24670898 6 3 theme predominant 563:573 arg1 menaquinone 575:585 The predominant menaquinone 559:585 The predominant menaquinone 559:585 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4). 24670898 11 4 theme closest 1201:1207 arg1 neighbours 1222:1231 the closest phylogenetic neighbours 1197:1231 the closest phylogenetic neighbours 1197:1231 DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain OS1-21(T) with the type strains of the closest phylogenetic neighbours were low (<16.0%). 24670898 4 5 theme smooth 438:443 arg1 yellow 458:463 circular, translucent, smooth and moderate yellow 415:463 circular, translucent, smooth and moderate yellow 415:463 Cells of strain OS1-21(T) were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-endospore-forming, non-motile rods; colonies of the cells were circular, translucent, smooth and moderate yellow in colour. 24670898 12 6 theme Nocardioides 1376:1387 arg1 species 1355:1361 a novel species 1347:1361 a novel species 1347:1361 Combined data of polyphasic taxonomic analyses revealed that the organism could be assigned to a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides opuntiae sp. 24670898 4 7 theme aerobic 318:324 arg1 rods 382:385 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-endospore-forming, non-motile rods 318:385 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-endospore-forming, non-motile rods 318:385 Cells of strain OS1-21(T) were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-endospore-forming, non-motile rods; colonies of the cells were circular, translucent, smooth and moderate yellow in colour. 24670898 12 8 theme polyphasic 1269:1278 arg1 analyses 1290:1297 polyphasic taxonomic analyses 1269:1297 polyphasic taxonomic analyses 1269:1297 Combined data of polyphasic taxonomic analyses revealed that the organism could be assigned to a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides opuntiae sp. 24670898 4 9 dep aerobic 318:324 arg1 non-motile 371:380 non-motile 371:380 non-motile 371:380 Cells of strain OS1-21(T) were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-endospore-forming, non-motile rods; colonies of the cells were circular, translucent, smooth and moderate yellow in colour. 24670898 4 9 dep aerobic 318:324 arg1 non-endospore-forming 348:368 non-endospore-forming 348:368 non-endospore-forming 348:368 Cells of strain OS1-21(T) were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-endospore-forming, non-motile rods; colonies of the cells were circular, translucent, smooth and moderate yellow in colour. 24670898 4 9 dep aerobic 318:324 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 327:345 Gram-stain-positive 327:345 Gram-stain-positive 327:345 Cells of strain OS1-21(T) were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-endospore-forming, non-motile rods; colonies of the cells were circular, translucent, smooth and moderate yellow in colour. 24670898 12 10 theme Nocardioides 1409:1420 arg1 sp 1431:1432 the name Nocardioides opuntiae sp 1400:1432 the name Nocardioides opuntiae sp 1400:1432 Combined data of polyphasic taxonomic analyses revealed that the organism could be assigned to a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides opuntiae sp. 24670898 2 11 theme G+C 77:79 arg1 actinobacterium 81:95 A novel high G+C actinobacterium 64:95 A novel high G+C actinobacterium 64:95 A novel high G+C actinobacterium, designated strain OS1-21(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a cactus (Opuntia fiscus-indica var. 24670898 11 12 theme phylogenetic 1209:1220 arg1 neighbours 1222:1231 the closest phylogenetic neighbours 1197:1231 the closest phylogenetic neighbours 1197:1231 DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain OS1-21(T) with the type strains of the closest phylogenetic neighbours were low (<16.0%). 24670898 10 13 theme % 1008:1008 arg1 similarity 1019:1028 98.7% sequence similarity 1004:1028 98.7% sequence similarity 1004:1028 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours were Nocardioides panacihumi Gsoil 616(T) (98.7% sequence similarity) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (97.8%), followed by Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14(T) (97.1%). 24670898 10 13 theme % 1008:1008 arg1 Gsoil 990:994 Gsoil 990:994 Gsoil 990:994 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours were Nocardioides panacihumi Gsoil 616(T) (98.7% sequence similarity) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (97.8%), followed by Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14(T) (97.1%). 24670898 10 14 theme sequence 1010:1017 arg1 similarity 1019:1028 98.7% sequence similarity 1004:1028 98.7% sequence similarity 1004:1028 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours were Nocardioides panacihumi Gsoil 616(T) (98.7% sequence similarity) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (97.8%), followed by Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14(T) (97.1%). 24670898 10 14 theme sequence 1010:1017 arg1 Gsoil 990:994 Gsoil 990:994 Gsoil 990:994 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours were Nocardioides panacihumi Gsoil 616(T) (98.7% sequence similarity) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (97.8%), followed by Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14(T) (97.1%). 24670898 4 15 theme cells 404:408 arg1 colonies 388:395 colonies 388:395 colonies of the cells 388:408 Cells of strain OS1-21(T) were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-endospore-forming, non-motile rods; colonies of the cells were circular, translucent, smooth and moderate yellow in colour. 24670898 5 16 theme cell-wall 534:542 arg1 peptidoglycan 544:556 cell-wall peptidoglycan 534:556 cell-wall peptidoglycan 534:556 LL-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24670898 12 17 theme genus 1370:1374 arg1 Nocardioides 1376:1387 the genus Nocardioides 1366:1387 the genus Nocardioides 1366:1387 Combined data of polyphasic taxonomic analyses revealed that the organism could be assigned to a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides opuntiae sp. 24670898 7 18 theme 10-methyl 684:692 arg1  0 700:701  0 700:701  0 700:701 The major fatty acids were iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) 2-OH, 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9. 24670898 7 18 theme 10-methyl 684:692 arg1 C 694:694 10-methyl C 684:694 10-methyl C(18 : 0) 684:702 The major fatty acids were iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) 2-OH, 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9. 24670898 8 19 contain contained 740:748 arg1 lipids 733:738 The polar lipids 723:738 The polar lipids 723:738 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown phospholipids. 24670898 8 19 contain contained 740:748 arg2 phosphatidylinositol 796:815 phosphatidylinositol 796:815 phosphatidylinositol 796:815 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown phospholipids. 24670898 8 19 contain contained 740:748 arg2 phospholipids 833:845 two unknown phospholipids 821:845 two unknown phospholipids 821:845 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown phospholipids. 24670898 8 19 contain contained 740:748 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 774:793 phosphatidylglycerol 774:793 phosphatidylglycerol 774:793 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown phospholipids. 24670898 8 19 contain contained 740:748 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 750:771 diphosphatidylglycerol 750:771 diphosphatidylglycerol 750:771 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown phospholipids. 24670898 10 20 dep Nocardioides 1084:1095 arg1 % 1121:1121 97.1% 1117:1121 97.1% 1117:1121 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours were Nocardioides panacihumi Gsoil 616(T) (98.7% sequence similarity) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (97.8%), followed by Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14(T) (97.1%). 24670898 10 20 dep Nocardioides 1084:1095 arg1 marinus 1097:1103 Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14(T) (97.1%) 1084:1122 Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14(T) (97.1%) 1084:1122 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours were Nocardioides panacihumi Gsoil 616(T) (98.7% sequence similarity) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (97.8%), followed by Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14(T) (97.1%). 24670898 10 20 dep Nocardioides 1084:1095 arg1 T 1113:1113 T 1113:1113 T 1113:1113 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours were Nocardioides panacihumi Gsoil 616(T) (98.7% sequence similarity) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (97.8%), followed by Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14(T) (97.1%). 24670898 10 20 dep Nocardioides 1084:1095 arg1 CL-DD14 1105:1111 CL-DD14 1105:1111 CL-DD14 1105:1111 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours were Nocardioides panacihumi Gsoil 616(T) (98.7% sequence similarity) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (97.8%), followed by Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14(T) (97.1%). 24670898 9 21 theme DNA 852:854 arg1 % 880:880 73.7 mol% 872:880 73.7 mol% 872:880 The DNA G+C content was 73.7 mol%. 24670898 9 21 theme DNA 852:854 arg1 content 860:866 The DNA G+C content 848:866 The DNA G+C content 848:866 The DNA G+C content was 73.7 mol%. 24670898 10 22 theme 16S 892:894 arg1 analysis 915:922 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 892:922 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 892:922 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours were Nocardioides panacihumi Gsoil 616(T) (98.7% sequence similarity) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (97.8%), followed by Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14(T) (97.1%). 24670898 7 23 theme C 694:694 arg1 cis9 717:720 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9 663:720 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9 663:720 The major fatty acids were iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) 2-OH, 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9. 24670898 7 23 theme C 694:694 arg1 iso-C 628:632 iso-C 628:632 iso-C(16 : 0) 628:640 The major fatty acids were iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) 2-OH, 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9. 24670898 4 24 theme circular 415:422 arg1 yellow 458:463 circular, translucent, smooth and moderate yellow 415:463 circular, translucent, smooth and moderate yellow 415:463 Cells of strain OS1-21(T) were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-endospore-forming, non-motile rods; colonies of the cells were circular, translucent, smooth and moderate yellow in colour. 24670898 1 25 theme cactus 56:61 arg1 soil 46:49 soil 46:49 soil of a cactus 46:61 nov., isolated from soil of a cactus. 24670898 9 26 theme mol 877:879 arg1 % 880:880 73.7 mol% 872:880 73.7 mol% 872:880 The DNA G+C content was 73.7 mol%. 24670898 9 26 theme mol 877:879 arg1 content 860:866 The DNA G+C content 848:866 The DNA G+C content 848:866 The DNA G+C content was 73.7 mol%. 24670898 0 27 theme opuntiae 13:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Nocardioides opuntiae sp 0:23 Nocardioides opuntiae sp. 0:24 Nocardioides opuntiae sp. 24670898 2 28 theme strain 109:114 arg1 OS1-21 116:121 strain OS1-21 109:121 strain OS1-21(T) 109:124 A novel high G+C actinobacterium, designated strain OS1-21(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a cactus (Opuntia fiscus-indica var. 24670898 2 28 theme strain 109:114 arg1 T 123:123 T 123:123 T 123:123 A novel high G+C actinobacterium, designated strain OS1-21(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a cactus (Opuntia fiscus-indica var. 24670898 10 29 theme phylogenetic 937:948 arg1 neighbours 950:959 the closest phylogenetic neighbours 925:959 the closest phylogenetic neighbours 925:959 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours were Nocardioides panacihumi Gsoil 616(T) (98.7% sequence similarity) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (97.8%), followed by Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14(T) (97.1%). 24670898 10 29 theme phylogenetic 937:948 arg1 Gsoil 990:994 Gsoil 990:994 Gsoil 990:994 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours were Nocardioides panacihumi Gsoil 616(T) (98.7% sequence similarity) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (97.8%), followed by Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14(T) (97.1%). 24670898 4 30 theme OS1-21 303:308 arg1 Cells 287:291 Cells 287:291 Cells of strain OS1-21(T) 287:311 Cells of strain OS1-21(T) were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-endospore-forming, non-motile rods; colonies of the cells were circular, translucent, smooth and moderate yellow in colour. 24670898 11 31 theme relatedness 1133:1143 arg1 values 1145:1150 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1125:1150 DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain OS1-21(T) with the type strains of the closest phylogenetic neighbours 1125:1231 DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain OS1-21(T) with the type strains of the closest phylogenetic neighbours were low (<16.0%). 24670898 0 32 theme Nocardioides 0:11 arg1 sp 22:23 Nocardioides opuntiae sp 0:23 Nocardioides opuntiae sp. 0:24 Nocardioides opuntiae sp. 24670898 7 33 theme 10-methyl 663:671 arg1 cis9 717:720 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9 663:720 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9 663:720 The major fatty acids were iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) 2-OH, 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9. 24670898 7 33 theme 10-methyl 663:671 arg1 iso-C 628:632 iso-C 628:632 iso-C(16 : 0) 628:640 The major fatty acids were iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) 2-OH, 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9. 24670898 5 34 theme diagnostic 507:516 arg1 acid 526:529 the diagnostic diamino acid 503:529 the diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan 503:556 LL-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24670898 5 34 theme diagnostic 507:516 arg1 acid 494:497 LL-Diaminopimelic acid 476:497 LL-Diaminopimelic acid 476:497 LL-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24670898 14 35 theme type 1457:1460 arg1 strain 1462:1467 The type strain 1453:1467 The type strain 1453:1467 The type strain is OS1-21(T) ( = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915(T)). 24670898 14 35 theme type 1457:1460 arg1 OS1-21 1472:1477 OS1-21 1472:1477 OS1-21(T) ( = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915(T)) 1472:1516 The type strain is OS1-21(T) ( = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915(T)). 24670898 7 36 theme C 673:673 arg1 cis9 717:720 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9 663:720 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9 663:720 The major fatty acids were iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) 2-OH, 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9. 24670898 7 36 theme C 673:673 arg1 iso-C 628:632 iso-C 628:632 iso-C(16 : 0) 628:640 The major fatty acids were iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) 2-OH, 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9. 24670898 12 37 theme analyses 1290:1297 arg1 data 1261:1264 Combined data 1252:1264 Combined data of polyphasic taxonomic analyses 1252:1297 Combined data of polyphasic taxonomic analyses revealed that the organism could be assigned to a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides opuntiae sp. 24670898 5 38 theme diamino 518:524 arg1 acid 526:529 the diagnostic diamino acid 503:529 the diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan 503:556 LL-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24670898 5 38 theme diamino 518:524 arg1 acid 494:497 LL-Diaminopimelic acid 476:497 LL-Diaminopimelic acid 476:497 LL-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24670898 10 39 theme gene 901:904 arg1 analysis 915:922 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 892:922 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 892:922 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours were Nocardioides panacihumi Gsoil 616(T) (98.7% sequence similarity) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (97.8%), followed by Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14(T) (97.1%). 24670898 5 40 theme LL-Diaminopimelic 476:492 arg1 acid 526:529 the diagnostic diamino acid 503:529 the diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan 503:556 LL-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24670898 5 40 theme LL-Diaminopimelic 476:492 arg1 acid 494:497 LL-Diaminopimelic acid 476:497 LL-Diaminopimelic acid 476:497 LL-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24670898 11 41 theme strain 1155:1160 arg1 OS1-21 1162:1167 strain OS1-21 1155:1167 strain OS1-21(T) 1155:1170 DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain OS1-21(T) with the type strains of the closest phylogenetic neighbours were low (<16.0%). 24670898 11 41 theme strain 1155:1160 arg1 T 1169:1169 T 1169:1169 T 1169:1169 DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain OS1-21(T) with the type strains of the closest phylogenetic neighbours were low (<16.0%). 24670898 2 42 attach isolated 131:138 arg2 actinobacterium 81:95 A novel high G+C actinobacterium 64:95 A novel high G+C actinobacterium 64:95 A novel high G+C actinobacterium, designated strain OS1-21(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a cactus (Opuntia fiscus-indica var. 24670898 2 42 attach isolated 131:138 arg1 soil 161:164 the rhizosphere soil 145:164 the rhizosphere soil of a cactus (Opuntia fiscus-indica var 145:203 A novel high G+C actinobacterium, designated strain OS1-21(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a cactus (Opuntia fiscus-indica var. 24670898 10 43 theme rRNA 896:899 arg1 analysis 915:922 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 892:922 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 892:922 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours were Nocardioides panacihumi Gsoil 616(T) (98.7% sequence similarity) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (97.8%), followed by Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14(T) (97.1%). 24670898 9 44 theme G+C 856:858 arg1 % 880:880 73.7 mol% 872:880 73.7 mol% 872:880 The DNA G+C content was 73.7 mol%. 24670898 9 44 theme G+C 856:858 arg1 content 860:866 The DNA G+C content 848:866 The DNA G+C content 848:866 The DNA G+C content was 73.7 mol%. 24670898 11 45 theme OS1-21 1162:1167 arg1 values 1145:1150 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1125:1150 DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain OS1-21(T) with the type strains of the closest phylogenetic neighbours 1125:1231 DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain OS1-21(T) with the type strains of the closest phylogenetic neighbours were low (<16.0%). 24670898 14 46 theme  = NBRC 1499:1505 arg1 107915 1507:1512  = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915 1483:1512  = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915(T) 1483:1515 The type strain is OS1-21(T) ( = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915(T)). 24670898 14 46 theme  = NBRC 1499:1505 arg1 T 1514:1514 T 1514:1514 T 1514:1514 The type strain is OS1-21(T) ( = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915(T)). 24670898 4 47 from yellow 458:463 arg1 colour 468:473 colour 468:473 colour 468:473 Cells of strain OS1-21(T) were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-endospore-forming, non-motile rods; colonies of the cells were circular, translucent, smooth and moderate yellow in colour. 24670898 2 48 theme high 72:75 arg1 actinobacterium 81:95 A novel high G+C actinobacterium 64:95 A novel high G+C actinobacterium 64:95 A novel high G+C actinobacterium, designated strain OS1-21(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a cactus (Opuntia fiscus-indica var. 24670898 7 49 theme fatty 611:615 arg1 acids 617:621 The major fatty acids 601:621 The major fatty acids 601:621 The major fatty acids were iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) 2-OH, 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9. 24670898 7 49 theme fatty 611:615 arg1 iso-C 628:632 iso-C 628:632 iso-C(16 : 0) 628:640 The major fatty acids were iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) 2-OH, 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9. 24670898 2 50 theme cactus 171:176 arg1 var 201:203 a cactus (Opuntia fiscus-indica var 169:203 a cactus (Opuntia fiscus-indica var 169:203 A novel high G+C actinobacterium, designated strain OS1-21(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a cactus (Opuntia fiscus-indica var. 24670898 12 51 theme Combined 1252:1259 arg1 data 1261:1264 Combined data 1252:1264 Combined data of polyphasic taxonomic analyses 1252:1297 Combined data of polyphasic taxonomic analyses revealed that the organism could be assigned to a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides opuntiae sp. 24670898 2 52 theme novel 66:70 arg1 actinobacterium 81:95 A novel high G+C actinobacterium 64:95 A novel high G+C actinobacterium 64:95 A novel high G+C actinobacterium, designated strain OS1-21(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a cactus (Opuntia fiscus-indica var. 24670898 14 53 theme 19804 1491:1495 arg1 107915 1507:1512  = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915 1483:1512  = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915(T) 1483:1515 The type strain is OS1-21(T) ( = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915(T)). 24670898 14 53 theme 19804 1491:1495 arg1 T 1514:1514 T 1514:1514 T 1514:1514 The type strain is OS1-21(T) ( = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915(T)). 24670898 10 54 theme sequence 906:913 arg1 analysis 915:922 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 892:922 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 892:922 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours were Nocardioides panacihumi Gsoil 616(T) (98.7% sequence similarity) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (97.8%), followed by Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14(T) (97.1%). 24670898 4 55 theme moderate 449:456 arg1 yellow 458:463 circular, translucent, smooth and moderate yellow 415:463 circular, translucent, smooth and moderate yellow 415:463 Cells of strain OS1-21(T) were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-endospore-forming, non-motile rods; colonies of the cells were circular, translucent, smooth and moderate yellow in colour. 24670898 14 56 theme T 1497:1497 arg1 107915 1507:1512  = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915 1483:1512  = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915(T) 1483:1515 The type strain is OS1-21(T) ( = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915(T)). 24670898 14 56 theme T 1497:1497 arg1 T 1514:1514 T 1514:1514 T 1514:1514 The type strain is OS1-21(T) ( = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915(T)). 24670898 14 57 dep OS1-21 1472:1477 arg1 107915 1507:1512  = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915 1483:1512  = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915(T) 1483:1515 The type strain is OS1-21(T) ( = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915(T)). 24670898 14 57 dep OS1-21 1472:1477 arg1 T 1514:1514 T 1514:1514 T 1514:1514 The type strain is OS1-21(T) ( = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915(T)). 24670898 11 58 dep low 1238:1240 arg1 % 1248:1248 <16.0% 1243:1248 <16.0% 1243:1248 DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain OS1-21(T) with the type strains of the closest phylogenetic neighbours were low (<16.0%). 24670898 7 59 theme major 605:609 arg1 acids 617:621 The major fatty acids 601:621 The major fatty acids 601:621 The major fatty acids were iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) 2-OH, 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9. 24670898 7 59 theme major 605:609 arg1 iso-C 628:632 iso-C 628:632 iso-C(16 : 0) 628:640 The major fatty acids were iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) 2-OH, 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9. 24670898 4 60 theme strain 296:301 arg1 T 310:310 T 310:310 T 310:310 Cells of strain OS1-21(T) were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-endospore-forming, non-motile rods; colonies of the cells were circular, translucent, smooth and moderate yellow in colour. 24670898 4 60 theme strain 296:301 arg1 OS1-21 303:308 strain OS1-21 296:308 strain OS1-21(T) 296:311 Cells of strain OS1-21(T) were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-endospore-forming, non-motile rods; colonies of the cells were circular, translucent, smooth and moderate yellow in colour. 24670898 7 61 theme C 708:708 arg1 cis9 717:720 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9 663:720 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9 663:720 The major fatty acids were iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) 2-OH, 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9. 24670898 7 61 theme C 708:708 arg1 iso-C 628:632 iso-C 628:632 iso-C(16 : 0) 628:640 The major fatty acids were iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) 2-OH, 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9. 24670898 12 62 theme name 1404:1407 arg1 sp 1431:1432 the name Nocardioides opuntiae sp 1400:1432 the name Nocardioides opuntiae sp 1400:1432 Combined data of polyphasic taxonomic analyses revealed that the organism could be assigned to a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides opuntiae sp. 24670898 3 63 theme taxonomic 224:232 arg1 status 234:239 the taxonomic status 220:239 the taxonomic status 220:239 sanboten) and the taxonomic status was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 24670898 2 64 theme rhizosphere 149:159 arg1 soil 161:164 the rhizosphere soil 145:164 the rhizosphere soil of a cactus (Opuntia fiscus-indica var 145:203 A novel high G+C actinobacterium, designated strain OS1-21(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a cactus (Opuntia fiscus-indica var. 24670898 12 65 theme opuntiae 1422:1429 arg1 sp 1431:1432 the name Nocardioides opuntiae sp 1400:1432 the name Nocardioides opuntiae sp 1400:1432 Combined data of polyphasic taxonomic analyses revealed that the organism could be assigned to a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides opuntiae sp. 24670898 12 66 theme novel 1349:1353 arg1 species 1355:1361 a novel species 1347:1361 a novel species 1347:1361 Combined data of polyphasic taxonomic analyses revealed that the organism could be assigned to a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides opuntiae sp. 24670898 10 67 theme 98.7 1004:1007 arg1 % 1008:1008 % 1008:1008 % 1008:1008 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours were Nocardioides panacihumi Gsoil 616(T) (98.7% sequence similarity) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (97.8%), followed by Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14(T) (97.1%). 24670898 7 68 theme iso-C 643:647 arg1 2-OH 657:660 iso-C(16 : 0) 2-OH 643:660 iso-C(16 : 0) 2-OH 643:660 The major fatty acids were iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) 2-OH, 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9. 24670898 7 68 theme iso-C 643:647 arg1 iso-C 628:632 iso-C 628:632 iso-C(16 : 0) 628:640 The major fatty acids were iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) 2-OH, 10-methyl C(17 : 0), 10-methyl C(18 : 0) and C(17 : 1)cis9. 24670898 12 69 theme taxonomic 1280:1288 arg1 analyses 1290:1297 polyphasic taxonomic analyses 1269:1297 polyphasic taxonomic analyses 1269:1297 Combined data of polyphasic taxonomic analyses revealed that the organism could be assigned to a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides opuntiae sp. 24670898 11 70 with values 1145:1150 arg1 strains 1186:1192 the type strains 1177:1192 the type strains of the closest phylogenetic neighbours 1177:1231 DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain OS1-21(T) with the type strains of the closest phylogenetic neighbours were low (<16.0%). 24670898 2 71 theme var 201:203 arg1 soil 161:164 the rhizosphere soil 145:164 the rhizosphere soil of a cactus (Opuntia fiscus-indica var 145:203 A novel high G+C actinobacterium, designated strain OS1-21(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a cactus (Opuntia fiscus-indica var. 24670898 14 72 theme  = KCTC 1483:1489 arg1 107915 1507:1512  = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915 1483:1512  = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915(T) 1483:1515 The type strain is OS1-21(T) ( = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915(T)). 24670898 14 72 theme  = KCTC 1483:1489 arg1 T 1514:1514 T 1514:1514 T 1514:1514 The type strain is OS1-21(T) ( = KCTC 19804(T) = NBRC 107915(T)). 24670898 11 73 theme DNA-DNA 1125:1131 arg1 values 1145:1150 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1125:1150 DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain OS1-21(T) with the type strains of the closest phylogenetic neighbours 1125:1231 DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain OS1-21(T) with the type strains of the closest phylogenetic neighbours were low (<16.0%). 24670898 3 74 theme polyphasic 266:275 arg1 approach 277:284 a polyphasic approach 264:284 a polyphasic approach 264:284 sanboten) and the taxonomic status was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 24670898 2 75 theme fiscus-indica 187:199 arg1 var 201:203 a cactus (Opuntia fiscus-indica var 169:203 a cactus (Opuntia fiscus-indica var 169:203 A novel high G+C actinobacterium, designated strain OS1-21(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a cactus (Opuntia fiscus-indica var. 24670898 11 76 theme type 1181:1184 arg1 strains 1186:1192 the type strains 1177:1192 the type strains of the closest phylogenetic neighbours 1177:1231 DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain OS1-21(T) with the type strains of the closest phylogenetic neighbours were low (<16.0%). 24670898 4 77 theme translucent 425:435 arg1 yellow 458:463 circular, translucent, smooth and moderate yellow 415:463 circular, translucent, smooth and moderate yellow 415:463 Cells of strain OS1-21(T) were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-endospore-forming, non-motile rods; colonies of the cells were circular, translucent, smooth and moderate yellow in colour. 24670898 2 78 theme Opuntia 179:185 arg1 var 201:203 a cactus (Opuntia fiscus-indica var 169:203 a cactus (Opuntia fiscus-indica var 169:203 A novel high G+C actinobacterium, designated strain OS1-21(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a cactus (Opuntia fiscus-indica var. 24670898 8 79 theme polar 727:731 arg1 lipids 733:738 The polar lipids 723:738 The polar lipids 723:738 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown phospholipids. 24670898 10 80 theme closest 929:935 arg1 neighbours 950:959 the closest phylogenetic neighbours 925:959 the closest phylogenetic neighbours 925:959 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours were Nocardioides panacihumi Gsoil 616(T) (98.7% sequence similarity) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (97.8%), followed by Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14(T) (97.1%). 24670898 10 80 theme closest 929:935 arg1 Gsoil 990:994 Gsoil 990:994 Gsoil 990:994 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours were Nocardioides panacihumi Gsoil 616(T) (98.7% sequence similarity) and Nocardioides terrae VA15(T) (97.8%), followed by Nocardioides marinus CL-DD14(T) (97.1%). 24670895 8 0 theme sequence 883:890 arg1 comparison 892:901 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 869:901 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 869:901 The affiliation of strain S1LM8(T) with the species of the genus Alkalibacillus was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison. 24670895 2 1 theme halophilic 103:112 arg1 S1LM8 198:202 S1LM8 198:202 S1LM8(T) 198:205 A halophilic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, endospore forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, S1LM8(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain). 24670895 2 1 theme halophilic 103:112 arg1 endospore 151:159 A halophilic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, endospore 101:159 endospore 151:159 A halophilic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, endospore forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, S1LM8(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain). 24670895 5 2 theme A1γ-type 529:536 arg1 acid 608:611 the diagnostic diamino acid 585:611 the diagnostic diamino acid 585:611 It contained A1γ-type peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24670895 5 2 theme A1γ-type 529:536 arg1 peptidoglycan 538:550 A1γ-type peptidoglycan 529:550 A1γ-type peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid 529:580 It contained A1γ-type peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24670895 13 3 theme  = CECT 1447:1453 arg1 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 The type strain is S1LM8(T) ( = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545(T)). 24670895 13 3 theme  = CECT 1447:1453 arg1 27545 1469:1473  = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545 1447:1473  = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545(T) 1447:1476 The type strain is S1LM8(T) ( = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545(T)). 24670895 9 4 theme 16S 1132:1134 arg1 sequences 1146:1154 their 16S rRNA gene sequences 1126:1154 their 16S rRNA gene sequences 1126:1154 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 9 5 theme Alkalibacillus 942:955 arg1 species 929:935 The most closely related species 904:935 The most closely related species 904:935 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 9 5 theme Alkalibacillus 942:955 arg1 T 976:976 T 976:976 T 976:976 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 9 5 theme Alkalibacillus 942:955 arg1 012 972:974 Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012 942:974 Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) 942:977 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 9 6 theme gene 1141:1144 arg1 sequences 1146:1154 their 16S rRNA gene sequences 1126:1154 their 16S rRNA gene sequences 1126:1154 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 13 7 theme T 1460:1460 arg1 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 The type strain is S1LM8(T) ( = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545(T)). 24670895 13 7 theme T 1460:1460 arg1 27545 1469:1473  = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545 1447:1473  = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545(T) 1447:1476 The type strain is S1LM8(T) ( = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545(T)). 24670895 9 8 theme YIM 968:970 arg1 species 929:935 The most closely related species 904:935 The most closely related species 904:935 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 9 8 theme YIM 968:970 arg1 T 976:976 T 976:976 T 976:976 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 9 8 theme YIM 968:970 arg1 012 972:974 Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012 942:974 Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) 942:977 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 2 9 theme located 283:289 arg1 saltern 275:281 an inland solar saltern 259:281 an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain) 259:319 A halophilic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, endospore forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, S1LM8(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain). 24670895 2 10 from Malahá 297:302 arg1 located 283:289 located 283:289 located 283:289 A halophilic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, endospore forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, S1LM8(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain). 24670895 5 11 theme diamino 600:606 arg1 peptidoglycan 538:550 A1γ-type peptidoglycan 529:550 A1γ-type peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid 529:580 It contained A1γ-type peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24670895 5 11 theme diamino 600:606 arg1 acid 608:611 the diagnostic diamino acid 585:611 the diagnostic diamino acid 585:611 It contained A1γ-type peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24670895 2 12 theme solar 269:273 arg1 saltern 275:281 an inland solar saltern 259:281 an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain) 259:319 A halophilic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, endospore forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, S1LM8(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain). 24670895 13 13 theme type 1422:1425 arg1 strain 1427:1432 The type strain 1418:1432 The type strain 1418:1432 The type strain is S1LM8(T) ( = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545(T)). 24670895 13 13 theme type 1422:1425 arg1 S1LM8 1437:1441 S1LM8 1437:1441 S1LM8(T) ( = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545(T)) 1437:1477 The type strain is S1LM8(T) ( = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545(T)). 24670895 9 14 theme 99.8 984:987 arg1 % 988:988 % 988:988 % 988:988 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 2 15 theme sediment 228:235 arg1 sample 237:242 a sediment sample 226:242 a sediment sample collected from an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain) 226:319 A halophilic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, endospore forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, S1LM8(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain). 24670895 9 16 theme Alkalibacillus 1002:1015 arg1 BH163 1027:1031 Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163 1002:1031 Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) 1002:1034 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 9 16 theme Alkalibacillus 1002:1015 arg1 similarity 990:999 99.8% similarity 984:999 99.8% similarity 984:999 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 9 16 theme Alkalibacillus 1002:1015 arg1 T 1033:1033 T 1033:1033 T 1033:1033 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 7 17 theme DNA 752:754 arg1 % 768:768 38.2 mol% 760:768 38.2 mol% 760:768 The G+C content of its genomic DNA was 38.2 mol%. 24670895 7 17 theme DNA 752:754 arg1 content 729:735 The G+C content 721:735 The G+C content of its genomic DNA 721:754 The G+C content of its genomic DNA was 38.2 mol%. 24670895 9 18 dep Alkalibacillus 1062:1075 arg1 flavidus 1077:1084 flavidus 1077:1084 flavidus 1077:1084 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 9 19 dep Alkalibacillus 942:955 arg1 halophilus 957:966 halophilus 957:966 halophilus 957:966 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 2 20 attach isolated 212:219 arg2 endospore 151:159 A halophilic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, endospore 101:159 endospore 151:159 A halophilic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, endospore forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, S1LM8(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain). 24670895 2 20 attach isolated 212:219 arg2 S1LM8 198:202 S1LM8 198:202 S1LM8(T) 198:205 A halophilic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, endospore forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, S1LM8(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain). 24670895 2 20 attach isolated 212:219 arg1 sample 237:242 a sediment sample 226:242 a sediment sample collected from an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain) 226:319 A halophilic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, endospore forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, S1LM8(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain). 24670895 8 21 with affiliation 775:785 arg1 species 815:821 the species 811:821 the species of the genus Alkalibacillus 811:849 The affiliation of strain S1LM8(T) with the species of the genus Alkalibacillus was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison. 24670895 8 22 theme S1LM8 797:801 arg1 affiliation 775:785 The affiliation 771:785 The affiliation of strain S1LM8(T) with the species of the genus Alkalibacillus 771:849 The affiliation of strain S1LM8(T) with the species of the genus Alkalibacillus was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison. 24670895 3 23 theme total 370:374 arg1 salts 376:380 7.5-30% total salts 362:380 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts) 362:406 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 3 23 theme total 370:374 arg1 salts 401:405 optimum 15% total salts 383:405 optimum 15% total salts 383:405 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 0 24 theme Alkalibacillus 0:13 arg1 sp 29:30 Alkalibacillus almallahensis sp 0:30 Alkalibacillus almallahensis sp. 0:31 Alkalibacillus almallahensis sp. 24670895 9 25 theme % 1045:1045 arg1 similarity 1047:1056 99.8% similarity 1041:1056 99.8% similarity 1041:1056 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 1 26 theme solar 86:90 arg1 saltern 92:98 an inland solar saltern 76:98 an inland solar saltern 76:98 nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from an inland solar saltern. 24670895 3 27 theme total 395:399 arg1 salts 376:380 7.5-30% total salts 362:380 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts) 362:406 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 3 27 theme total 395:399 arg1 salts 401:405 optimum 15% total salts 383:405 optimum 15% total salts 383:405 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 3 28 theme 7.5-30 362:367 arg1 % 368:368 % 368:368 % 368:368 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 2 29 theme bacterial 180:188 arg1 strain 190:195 rod-shaped bacterial strain 169:195 rod-shaped bacterial strain 169:195 A halophilic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, endospore forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, S1LM8(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain). 24670895 3 30 theme 15 391:392 arg1 % 393:393 % 393:393 % 393:393 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 8 31 theme Alkalibacillus 836:849 arg1 species 815:821 the species 811:821 the species of the genus Alkalibacillus 811:849 The affiliation of strain S1LM8(T) with the species of the genus Alkalibacillus was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison. 24670895 11 32 theme Alkalibacillus 1367:1380 arg1 sp 1396:1397 Alkalibacillus almallahensis sp 1367:1397 Alkalibacillus almallahensis sp 1367:1397 Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, a novel species, Alkalibacillus almallahensis sp. 24670895 11 33 dep Alkalibacillus 1367:1380 arg1 almallahensis 1382:1394 almallahensis 1382:1394 almallahensis 1382:1394 Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, a novel species, Alkalibacillus almallahensis sp. 24670895 10 34 theme Alkalibacillus 1249:1262 arg1 isolate 1204:1210 the novel isolate 1194:1210 the novel isolate 1194:1210 However, DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and the related species of the genus Alkalibacillus was less than 34%. 24670895 10 34 theme Alkalibacillus 1249:1262 arg1 species 1228:1234 the related species 1216:1234 the related species of the genus Alkalibacillus 1216:1262 However, DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and the related species of the genus Alkalibacillus was less than 34%. 24670895 11 35 theme phenotypic 1310:1319 arg1 features 1340:1347 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features 1292:1347 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features 1292:1347 Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, a novel species, Alkalibacillus almallahensis sp. 24670895 3 36 theme optimum 421:427 arg1 pH 412:413 pH 7-10 412:418 pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) 412:433 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 3 36 theme optimum 421:427 arg1 pH 429:430 optimum pH 8 421:432 optimum pH 8 421:432 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 11 37 dep sp 1396:1397 arg1 species 1358:1364 a novel species 1350:1364 a novel species 1350:1364 Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, a novel species, Alkalibacillus almallahensis sp. 24670895 8 38 theme 16S 869:871 arg1 rRNA 873:876 16S rRNA 869:876 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 869:901 The affiliation of strain S1LM8(T) with the species of the genus Alkalibacillus was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison. 24670895 1 39 theme halophilic 41:50 arg1 bacterium 52:60 a halophilic bacterium 39:60 a halophilic bacterium 39:60 nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from an inland solar saltern. 24670895 1 39 theme halophilic 41:50 arg1 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from an inland solar saltern. 24670895 5 40 contain contained 519:527 arg2 acid 608:611 the diagnostic diamino acid 585:611 the diagnostic diamino acid 585:611 It contained A1γ-type peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24670895 5 40 contain contained 519:527 arg1 It 516:517 It 516:517 It 516:517 It contained A1γ-type peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24670895 5 40 contain contained 519:527 arg2 peptidoglycan 538:550 A1γ-type peptidoglycan 529:550 A1γ-type peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid 529:580 It contained A1γ-type peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24670895 13 41 theme  = DSM 1462:1467 arg1 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 The type strain is S1LM8(T) ( = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545(T)). 24670895 13 41 theme  = DSM 1462:1467 arg1 27545 1469:1473  = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545 1447:1473  = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545(T) 1447:1476 The type strain is S1LM8(T) ( = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545(T)). 24670895 11 42 theme phylogenetic 1296:1307 arg1 features 1340:1347 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features 1292:1347 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features 1292:1347 Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, a novel species, Alkalibacillus almallahensis sp. 24670895 8 43 theme gene 878:881 arg1 sequence 883:890 16S rRNA gene sequence 869:890 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 869:901 The affiliation of strain S1LM8(T) with the species of the genus Alkalibacillus was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison. 24670895 3 44 contain containing 351:360 arg2 salts 401:405 optimum 15% total salts 383:405 optimum 15% total salts 383:405 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 3 44 contain containing 351:360 arg2 salts 376:380 7.5-30% total salts 362:380 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts) 362:406 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 3 44 contain containing 351:360 arg1 media 345:349 media 345:349 media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts) 345:406 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 11 45 theme chemotaxonomic 1325:1338 arg1 features 1340:1347 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features 1292:1347 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features 1292:1347 Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, a novel species, Alkalibacillus almallahensis sp. 24670895 9 46 theme related 921:927 arg1 species 929:935 The most closely related species 904:935 The most closely related species 904:935 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 9 46 theme related 921:927 arg1 012 972:974 Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012 942:974 Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) 942:977 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 2 47 theme inland 262:267 arg1 saltern 275:281 an inland solar saltern 259:281 an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain) 259:319 A halophilic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, endospore forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, S1LM8(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain). 24670895 13 48 theme 8373 1455:1458 arg1 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 The type strain is S1LM8(T) ( = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545(T)). 24670895 13 48 theme 8373 1455:1458 arg1 27545 1469:1473  = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545 1447:1473  = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545(T) 1447:1476 The type strain is S1LM8(T) ( = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545(T)). 24670895 9 49 with ISL-17 1086:1091 arg1 similarity 1107:1116 98.1% similarity 1101:1116 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences 1101:1154 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 9 50 theme rRNA 1136:1139 arg1 sequences 1146:1154 their 16S rRNA gene sequences 1126:1154 their 16S rRNA gene sequences 1126:1154 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 11 51 theme novel 1352:1356 arg1 species 1358:1364 a novel species 1350:1364 a novel species 1350:1364 Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, a novel species, Alkalibacillus almallahensis sp. 24670895 5 52 theme diagnostic 589:598 arg1 peptidoglycan 538:550 A1γ-type peptidoglycan 529:550 A1γ-type peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid 529:580 It contained A1γ-type peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24670895 5 52 theme diagnostic 589:598 arg1 acid 608:611 the diagnostic diamino acid 585:611 the diagnostic diamino acid 585:611 It contained A1γ-type peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24670895 9 53 with similarity 1047:1056 arg1 similarity 1107:1116 98.1% similarity 1101:1116 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences 1101:1154 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 3 54 theme optimum 452:458 arg1 °C 448:449 15-50 °C 442:449 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C) 442:468 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 3 54 theme optimum 452:458 arg1 °C 466:467 optimum 35-38 °C 452:467 optimum 35-38 °C 452:467 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 5 55 theme meso-diaminopimelic 557:575 arg1 acid 577:580 meso-diaminopimelic acid 557:580 meso-diaminopimelic acid 557:580 It contained A1γ-type peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24670895 3 56 theme 35-38 460:464 arg1 °C 448:449 15-50 °C 442:449 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C) 442:468 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 3 56 theme 35-38 460:464 arg1 °C 466:467 optimum 35-38 °C 452:467 optimum 35-38 °C 452:467 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 9 57 theme % 988:988 arg1 BH163 1027:1031 Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163 1002:1031 Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) 1002:1034 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 9 57 theme % 988:988 arg1 similarity 990:999 99.8% similarity 984:999 99.8% similarity 984:999 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 7 58 theme mol 765:767 arg1 content 729:735 The G+C content 721:735 The G+C content of its genomic DNA 721:754 The G+C content of its genomic DNA was 38.2 mol%. 24670895 7 58 theme mol 765:767 arg1 % 768:768 38.2 mol% 760:768 38.2 mol% 760:768 The G+C content of its genomic DNA was 38.2 mol%. 24670895 8 59 theme strain 790:795 arg1 S1LM8 797:801 strain S1LM8 790:801 strain S1LM8(T) 790:804 The affiliation of strain S1LM8(T) with the species of the genus Alkalibacillus was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison. 24670895 8 59 theme strain 790:795 arg1 T 803:803 T 803:803 T 803:803 The affiliation of strain S1LM8(T) with the species of the genus Alkalibacillus was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison. 24670895 13 60 dep S1LM8 1437:1441 arg1 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 T 1475:1475 The type strain is S1LM8(T) ( = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545(T)). 24670895 13 60 dep S1LM8 1437:1441 arg1 27545 1469:1473  = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545 1447:1473  = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545(T) 1447:1476 The type strain is S1LM8(T) ( = CECT 8373(T) = DSM 27545(T)). 24670895 7 61 theme genomic 744:750 arg1 DNA 752:754 its genomic DNA 740:754 its genomic DNA 740:754 The G+C content of its genomic DNA was 38.2 mol%. 24670895 2 62 from located 283:289 arg1 Granada 305:311 Granada 305:311 Granada 305:311 A halophilic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, endospore forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, S1LM8(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain). 24670895 2 62 from located 283:289 arg1 Malahá 297:302 La Malahá 294:302 La Malahá 294:302 A halophilic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, endospore forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, S1LM8(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain). 24670895 10 63 theme DNA-DNA 1166:1172 arg1 relatedness 1174:1184 DNA-DNA relatedness 1166:1184 DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and the related species of the genus Alkalibacillus 1166:1262 However, DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and the related species of the genus Alkalibacillus was less than 34%. 24670895 3 64 theme optimum 383:389 arg1 salts 376:380 7.5-30% total salts 362:380 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts) 362:406 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 3 64 theme optimum 383:389 arg1 salts 401:405 optimum 15% total salts 383:405 optimum 15% total salts 383:405 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 0 65 theme almallahensis 15:27 arg1 sp 29:30 Alkalibacillus almallahensis sp 0:30 Alkalibacillus almallahensis sp. 0:31 Alkalibacillus almallahensis sp. 24670895 9 66 theme 99.8 1041:1044 arg1 % 1045:1045 % 1045:1045 % 1045:1045 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 7 67 theme G+C 725:727 arg1 % 768:768 38.2 mol% 760:768 38.2 mol% 760:768 The G+C content of its genomic DNA was 38.2 mol%. 24670895 7 67 theme G+C 725:727 arg1 content 729:735 The G+C content 721:735 The G+C content of its genomic DNA 721:754 The G+C content of its genomic DNA was 38.2 mol%. 24670895 1 68 theme inland 79:84 arg1 saltern 92:98 an inland solar saltern 76:98 an inland solar saltern 76:98 nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from an inland solar saltern. 24670895 9 69 with 012 972:974 arg1 BH163 1027:1031 Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163 1002:1031 Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) 1002:1034 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 9 69 with 012 972:974 arg1 ISL-17 1086:1091 Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17 1062:1091 Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) 1062:1094 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 9 69 with 012 972:974 arg1 similarity 990:999 99.8% similarity 984:999 99.8% similarity 984:999 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 9 69 with 012 972:974 arg1 similarity 1047:1056 99.8% similarity 1041:1056 99.8% similarity 1041:1056 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 9 69 with 012 972:974 arg1 T 1093:1093 T 1093:1093 T 1093:1093 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 6 70 theme cellular 624:631 arg1 anteiso-C 650:658 anteiso-C 650:658 anteiso-C 650:658 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0) and iso-C(16 : 0). 24670895 6 70 theme cellular 624:631 arg1 acids 639:643 The major cellular fatty acids 614:643 The major cellular fatty acids 614:643 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0) and iso-C(16 : 0). 24670895 9 71 dep Alkalibacillus 1002:1015 arg1 salilacus 1017:1025 salilacus 1017:1025 salilacus 1017:1025 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 10 72 theme novel 1198:1202 arg1 isolate 1204:1210 the novel isolate 1194:1210 the novel isolate 1194:1210 However, DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and the related species of the genus Alkalibacillus was less than 34%. 24670895 9 73 theme Alkalibacillus 1062:1075 arg1 ISL-17 1086:1091 Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17 1062:1091 Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) 1062:1094 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 9 73 theme Alkalibacillus 1062:1075 arg1 T 1093:1093 T 1093:1093 T 1093:1093 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 8 74 theme genus 830:834 arg1 Alkalibacillus 836:849 the genus Alkalibacillus 826:849 the genus Alkalibacillus 826:849 The affiliation of strain S1LM8(T) with the species of the genus Alkalibacillus was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison. 24670895 3 75 theme % 368:368 arg1 salts 376:380 7.5-30% total salts 362:380 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts) 362:406 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 3 75 theme % 368:368 arg1 salts 401:405 optimum 15% total salts 383:405 optimum 15% total salts 383:405 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 2 76 dep halophilic 103:112 arg1 non-motile 139:148 non-motile 139:148 non-motile 139:148 A halophilic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, endospore forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, S1LM8(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain). 24670895 2 76 dep halophilic 103:112 arg1 Gram-staining-positive 115:136 Gram-staining-positive 115:136 Gram-staining-positive 115:136 A halophilic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, endospore forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, S1LM8(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain). 24670895 2 77 theme rod-shaped 169:178 arg1 strain 190:195 rod-shaped bacterial strain 169:195 rod-shaped bacterial strain 169:195 A halophilic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, endospore forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, S1LM8(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain). 24670895 9 78 theme 98.1 1101:1104 arg1 % 1105:1105 % 1105:1105 % 1105:1105 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 24670895 3 79 theme % 393:393 arg1 salts 376:380 7.5-30% total salts 362:380 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts) 362:406 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 3 79 theme % 393:393 arg1 salts 401:405 optimum 15% total salts 383:405 optimum 15% total salts 383:405 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 10 80 theme related 1220:1226 arg1 species 1228:1234 the related species 1216:1234 the related species of the genus Alkalibacillus 1216:1262 However, DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and the related species of the genus Alkalibacillus was less than 34%. 24670895 3 81 located observed 333:340 arg2 Growth 322:327 Growth 322:327 Growth 322:327 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 3 81 located observed 333:340 arg1 pH 412:413 pH 7-10 412:418 pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) 412:433 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 3 81 located observed 333:340 arg1 media 345:349 media 345:349 media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts) 345:406 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 3 81 located observed 333:340 arg1 pH 429:430 optimum pH 8 421:432 optimum pH 8 421:432 Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C). 24670895 4 82 theme predominant 475:485 arg1 MK-7 510:513 MK-7 510:513 MK-7 510:513 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 24670895 4 82 theme predominant 475:485 arg1 quinone 498:504 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 471:504 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 471:504 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 24670895 6 83 theme fatty 633:637 arg1 anteiso-C 650:658 anteiso-C 650:658 anteiso-C 650:658 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0) and iso-C(16 : 0). 24670895 6 83 theme fatty 633:637 arg1 acids 639:643 The major cellular fatty acids 614:643 The major cellular fatty acids 614:643 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0) and iso-C(16 : 0). 24670895 2 84 theme La 294:295 arg1 Granada 305:311 Granada 305:311 Granada 305:311 A halophilic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, endospore forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, S1LM8(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain). 24670895 2 84 theme La 294:295 arg1 Malahá 297:302 La Malahá 294:302 La Malahá 294:302 A halophilic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, endospore forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, S1LM8(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain). 24670895 8 85 theme rRNA 873:876 arg1 sequence 883:890 16S rRNA gene sequence 869:890 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 869:901 The affiliation of strain S1LM8(T) with the species of the genus Alkalibacillus was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison. 24670895 5 86 with peptidoglycan 538:550 arg1 acid 577:580 meso-diaminopimelic acid 557:580 meso-diaminopimelic acid 557:580 It contained A1γ-type peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24670895 10 87 theme genus 1243:1247 arg1 Alkalibacillus 1249:1262 the genus Alkalibacillus 1239:1262 the genus Alkalibacillus 1239:1262 However, DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and the related species of the genus Alkalibacillus was less than 34%. 24670895 4 88 theme isoprenoid 487:496 arg1 MK-7 510:513 MK-7 510:513 MK-7 510:513 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 24670895 4 88 theme isoprenoid 487:496 arg1 quinone 498:504 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 471:504 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 471:504 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 24670895 6 89 theme major 618:622 arg1 anteiso-C 650:658 anteiso-C 650:658 anteiso-C 650:658 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0) and iso-C(16 : 0). 24670895 6 89 theme major 618:622 arg1 acids 639:643 The major cellular fatty acids 614:643 The major cellular fatty acids 614:643 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0) and iso-C(16 : 0). 24670895 9 90 theme % 1105:1105 arg1 similarity 1107:1116 98.1% similarity 1101:1116 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences 1101:1154 The most closely related species were Alkalibacillus halophilus YIM 012(T) with 99.8% similarity, Alkalibacillus salilacus BH163(T) with 99.8% similarity and Alkalibacillus flavidus ISL-17(T) with 98.1% similarity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. 29057975 7 0 theme Proteobacteria 1274:1287 arg1 component 1247:1255 a cell wall component 1235:1255 a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria 1235:1287 Furthermore, vancomycin treatment increased the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, thus preventing the translocation of lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and known inducer of lupus in mice, into the circulation. 29057975 7 0 theme Proteobacteria 1274:1287 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 1215:1232 lipopolysaccharide 1215:1232 lipopolysaccharide 1215:1232 Furthermore, vancomycin treatment increased the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, thus preventing the translocation of lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and known inducer of lupus in mice, into the circulation. 29057975 7 0 theme Proteobacteria 1274:1287 arg1 inducer 1299:1305 known inducer 1293:1305 known inducer of lupus in mice 1293:1322 Furthermore, vancomycin treatment increased the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, thus preventing the translocation of lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and known inducer of lupus in mice, into the circulation. 29057975 2 1 theme gut 340:342 arg1 microbiota 344:353 the gut microbiota 336:353 the gut microbiota 336:353 Here we report that oral antibiotics given during active disease removed harmful bacteria from the gut microbiota and attenuated SLE-like disease in lupus-prone mice. 29057975 8 2 from disease 1446:1452 arg1 mice 1465:1468 MRL/lpr mice 1457:1468 MRL/lpr mice 1457:1468 These results suggest that mixed antibiotics or a single antibiotic vancomycin ameliorate SLE-like disease in MRL/lpr mice by changing the composition of gut microbiota. 29057975 6 3 theme functional 1035:1044 arg1 pathways 1046:1053 microbial functional pathways 1025:1053 microbial functional pathways 1025:1053 Moreover, we showed that the attenuated disease phenotype could be recapitulated with a single antibiotic vancomycin, which reshaped the gut microbiota and changed microbial functional pathways in a time-dependent manner. 29057975 5 4 theme deteriorated 796:807 arg1 symptoms 821:828 deteriorated or improved symptoms 796:828 deteriorated or improved symptoms in MRL/lpr mice 796:844 In addition, antibiotics removed Lachnospiraceae and increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp., two groups of bacteria previously shown to be associated with deteriorated or improved symptoms in MRL/lpr mice, respectively. 29057975 7 5 theme epithelium 1166:1175 arg1 function 1139:1146 the barrier function 1127:1146 the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium 1127:1175 Furthermore, vancomycin treatment increased the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, thus preventing the translocation of lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and known inducer of lupus in mice, into the circulation. 29057975 5 6 theme relative 692:699 arg1 abundance 701:709 the relative abundance 688:709 the relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp., two groups of bacteria previously shown to be associated with deteriorated or improved symptoms in MRL/lpr mice, respectively 688:858 In addition, antibiotics removed Lachnospiraceae and increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp., two groups of bacteria previously shown to be associated with deteriorated or improved symptoms in MRL/lpr mice, respectively. 29057975 6 7 theme microbial 1025:1033 arg1 pathways 1046:1053 microbial functional pathways 1025:1053 microbial functional pathways 1025:1053 Moreover, we showed that the attenuated disease phenotype could be recapitulated with a single antibiotic vancomycin, which reshaped the gut microbiota and changed microbial functional pathways in a time-dependent manner. 29057975 5 8 theme bacteria 748:755 arg1 bacteria 748:755 bacteria 748:755 bacteria 748:755 In addition, antibiotics removed Lachnospiraceae and increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp., two groups of bacteria previously shown to be associated with deteriorated or improved symptoms in MRL/lpr mice, respectively. 29057975 5 8 theme bacteria 748:755 arg1 spp. 728:731 Lactobacillus spp. 714:731 Lactobacillus spp. 714:731 In addition, antibiotics removed Lachnospiraceae and increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp., two groups of bacteria previously shown to be associated with deteriorated or improved symptoms in MRL/lpr mice, respectively. 29057975 5 8 theme bacteria 748:755 arg1 groups 738:743 two groups 734:743 two groups of bacteria 734:755 In addition, antibiotics removed Lachnospiraceae and increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp., two groups of bacteria previously shown to be associated with deteriorated or improved symptoms in MRL/lpr mice, respectively. 29057975 7 9 theme intestinal 1155:1164 arg1 epithelium 1166:1175 the intestinal epithelium 1151:1175 the intestinal epithelium 1151:1175 Furthermore, vancomycin treatment increased the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, thus preventing the translocation of lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and known inducer of lupus in mice, into the circulation. 29057975 8 10 theme single 1397:1402 arg1 vancomycin 1415:1424 a single antibiotic vancomycin 1395:1424 a single antibiotic vancomycin 1395:1424 These results suggest that mixed antibiotics or a single antibiotic vancomycin ameliorate SLE-like disease in MRL/lpr mice by changing the composition of gut microbiota. 29057975 4 11 theme circulating 606:616 arg1 IL-10 618:622 circulating IL-10 606:622 circulating IL-10 606:622 They decreased IL-17-producing cells and increased the level of circulating IL-10. 29057975 7 12 theme Gram-negative 1260:1272 arg1 Proteobacteria 1274:1287 Gram-negative Proteobacteria 1260:1287 Gram-negative Proteobacteria 1260:1287 Furthermore, vancomycin treatment increased the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, thus preventing the translocation of lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and known inducer of lupus in mice, into the circulation. 29057975 2 13 theme oral 261:264 arg1 antibiotics 266:276 oral antibiotics 261:276 oral antibiotics given during active disease 261:304 Here we report that oral antibiotics given during active disease removed harmful bacteria from the gut microbiota and attenuated SLE-like disease in lupus-prone mice. 29057975 3 14 theme systemic 493:500 arg1 autoimmunity 502:513 systemic autoimmunity 493:513 systemic autoimmunity 493:513 Using MRL/lpr mice, we showed that antibiotics given after disease onset ameliorated systemic autoimmunity and kidney histopathology. 29057975 7 15 theme wall 1242:1245 arg1 component 1247:1255 a cell wall component 1235:1255 a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria 1235:1287 Furthermore, vancomycin treatment increased the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, thus preventing the translocation of lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and known inducer of lupus in mice, into the circulation. 29057975 7 15 theme wall 1242:1245 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 1215:1232 lipopolysaccharide 1215:1232 lipopolysaccharide 1215:1232 Furthermore, vancomycin treatment increased the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, thus preventing the translocation of lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and known inducer of lupus in mice, into the circulation. 29057975 2 16 theme SLE-like 370:377 arg1 disease 379:385 SLE-like disease 370:385 SLE-like disease 370:385 Here we report that oral antibiotics given during active disease removed harmful bacteria from the gut microbiota and attenuated SLE-like disease in lupus-prone mice. 29057975 8 17 theme antibiotic 1404:1413 arg1 vancomycin 1415:1424 a single antibiotic vancomycin 1395:1424 a single antibiotic vancomycin 1395:1424 These results suggest that mixed antibiotics or a single antibiotic vancomycin ameliorate SLE-like disease in MRL/lpr mice by changing the composition of gut microbiota. 29057975 1 18 theme immune 75:80 arg1 system 82:87 the immune system 71:87 the immune system 71:87 Gut microbiota and the immune system interact to maintain tissue homeostasis, but whether this interaction is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is unclear. 29057975 6 19 theme single 949:954 arg1 vancomycin 967:976 a single antibiotic vancomycin 947:976 a single antibiotic vancomycin 947:976 Moreover, we showed that the attenuated disease phenotype could be recapitulated with a single antibiotic vancomycin, which reshaped the gut microbiota and changed microbial functional pathways in a time-dependent manner. 29057975 5 20 theme MRL/lpr 833:839 arg1 mice 841:844 MRL/lpr mice 833:844 MRL/lpr mice 833:844 In addition, antibiotics removed Lachnospiraceae and increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp., two groups of bacteria previously shown to be associated with deteriorated or improved symptoms in MRL/lpr mice, respectively. 29057975 6 21 theme disease 901:907 arg1 phenotype 909:917 the attenuated disease phenotype 886:917 the attenuated disease phenotype 886:917 Moreover, we showed that the attenuated disease phenotype could be recapitulated with a single antibiotic vancomycin, which reshaped the gut microbiota and changed microbial functional pathways in a time-dependent manner. 29057975 7 22 theme barrier 1131:1137 arg1 function 1139:1146 the barrier function 1127:1146 the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium 1127:1175 Furthermore, vancomycin treatment increased the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, thus preventing the translocation of lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and known inducer of lupus in mice, into the circulation. 29057975 8 23 theme SLE-like 1437:1444 arg1 disease 1446:1452 SLE-like disease 1437:1452 SLE-like disease in MRL/lpr mice 1437:1468 These results suggest that mixed antibiotics or a single antibiotic vancomycin ameliorate SLE-like disease in MRL/lpr mice by changing the composition of gut microbiota. 29057975 3 24 theme MRL/lpr 414:420 arg1 mice 422:425 MRL/lpr mice 414:425 MRL/lpr mice 414:425 Using MRL/lpr mice, we showed that antibiotics given after disease onset ameliorated systemic autoimmunity and kidney histopathology. 29057975 7 25 theme cell 1237:1240 arg1 component 1247:1255 a cell wall component 1235:1255 a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria 1235:1287 Furthermore, vancomycin treatment increased the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, thus preventing the translocation of lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and known inducer of lupus in mice, into the circulation. 29057975 7 25 theme cell 1237:1240 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 1215:1232 lipopolysaccharide 1215:1232 lipopolysaccharide 1215:1232 Furthermore, vancomycin treatment increased the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, thus preventing the translocation of lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and known inducer of lupus in mice, into the circulation. 29057975 7 26 from inducer 1299:1305 arg1 mice 1319:1322 mice 1319:1322 mice 1319:1322 Furthermore, vancomycin treatment increased the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, thus preventing the translocation of lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and known inducer of lupus in mice, into the circulation. 29057975 2 27 theme active 291:296 arg1 disease 298:304 active disease 291:304 active disease 291:304 Here we report that oral antibiotics given during active disease removed harmful bacteria from the gut microbiota and attenuated SLE-like disease in lupus-prone mice. 29057975 8 28 theme microbiota 1505:1514 arg1 composition 1486:1496 the composition 1482:1496 the composition of gut microbiota 1482:1514 These results suggest that mixed antibiotics or a single antibiotic vancomycin ameliorate SLE-like disease in MRL/lpr mice by changing the composition of gut microbiota. 29057975 7 29 theme lipopolysaccharide 1215:1232 arg1 translocation 1198:1210 the translocation 1194:1210 the translocation of lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and known inducer of lupus in mice, into the circulation 1194:1344 Furthermore, vancomycin treatment increased the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, thus preventing the translocation of lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and known inducer of lupus in mice, into the circulation. 29057975 4 30 theme IL-17-producing 557:571 arg1 cells 573:577 IL-17-producing cells 557:577 IL-17-producing cells 557:577 They decreased IL-17-producing cells and increased the level of circulating IL-10. 29057975 0 31 theme lupus-like 23:32 arg1 symptoms 34:41 lupus-like symptoms 23:41 lupus-like symptoms in mice 23:49 Antibiotics ameliorate lupus-like symptoms in mice. 29057975 6 32 theme attenuated 890:899 arg1 phenotype 909:917 the attenuated disease phenotype 886:917 the attenuated disease phenotype 886:917 Moreover, we showed that the attenuated disease phenotype could be recapitulated with a single antibiotic vancomycin, which reshaped the gut microbiota and changed microbial functional pathways in a time-dependent manner. 29057975 7 33 theme lupus 1310:1314 arg1 component 1247:1255 a cell wall component 1235:1255 a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria 1235:1287 Furthermore, vancomycin treatment increased the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, thus preventing the translocation of lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and known inducer of lupus in mice, into the circulation. 29057975 7 33 theme lupus 1310:1314 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 1215:1232 lipopolysaccharide 1215:1232 lipopolysaccharide 1215:1232 Furthermore, vancomycin treatment increased the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, thus preventing the translocation of lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and known inducer of lupus in mice, into the circulation. 29057975 7 33 theme lupus 1310:1314 arg1 inducer 1299:1305 known inducer 1293:1305 known inducer of lupus in mice 1293:1322 Furthermore, vancomycin treatment increased the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, thus preventing the translocation of lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and known inducer of lupus in mice, into the circulation. 29057975 1 34 theme systemic 194:201 arg1 SLE 224:226 SLE 224:226 SLE 224:226 Gut microbiota and the immune system interact to maintain tissue homeostasis, but whether this interaction is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is unclear. 29057975 1 34 theme systemic 194:201 arg1 erythematosus 209:221 systemic lupus erythematosus 194:221 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 194:227 Gut microbiota and the immune system interact to maintain tissue homeostasis, but whether this interaction is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is unclear. 29057975 7 35 theme vancomycin 1096:1105 arg1 treatment 1107:1115 vancomycin treatment 1096:1115 vancomycin treatment 1096:1115 Furthermore, vancomycin treatment increased the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, thus preventing the translocation of lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and known inducer of lupus in mice, into the circulation. 29057975 7 36 from component 1247:1255 arg1 mice 1319:1322 mice 1319:1322 mice 1319:1322 Furthermore, vancomycin treatment increased the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, thus preventing the translocation of lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and known inducer of lupus in mice, into the circulation. 29057975 1 37 theme lupus 203:207 arg1 SLE 224:226 SLE 224:226 SLE 224:226 Gut microbiota and the immune system interact to maintain tissue homeostasis, but whether this interaction is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is unclear. 29057975 1 37 theme lupus 203:207 arg1 erythematosus 209:221 systemic lupus erythematosus 194:221 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 194:227 Gut microbiota and the immune system interact to maintain tissue homeostasis, but whether this interaction is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is unclear. 29057975 5 38 theme improved 812:819 arg1 symptoms 821:828 deteriorated or improved symptoms 796:828 deteriorated or improved symptoms in MRL/lpr mice 796:844 In addition, antibiotics removed Lachnospiraceae and increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp., two groups of bacteria previously shown to be associated with deteriorated or improved symptoms in MRL/lpr mice, respectively. 29057975 8 39 theme MRL/lpr 1457:1463 arg1 mice 1465:1468 MRL/lpr mice 1457:1468 MRL/lpr mice 1457:1468 These results suggest that mixed antibiotics or a single antibiotic vancomycin ameliorate SLE-like disease in MRL/lpr mice by changing the composition of gut microbiota. 29057975 1 40 theme erythematosus 209:221 arg1 pathogenesis 178:189 the pathogenesis 174:189 the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 174:227 Gut microbiota and the immune system interact to maintain tissue homeostasis, but whether this interaction is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is unclear. 29057975 6 41 theme gut 998:1000 arg1 microbiota 1002:1011 the gut microbiota 994:1011 the gut microbiota 994:1011 Moreover, we showed that the attenuated disease phenotype could be recapitulated with a single antibiotic vancomycin, which reshaped the gut microbiota and changed microbial functional pathways in a time-dependent manner. 29057975 1 42 theme tissue 110:115 arg1 homeostasis 117:127 tissue homeostasis 110:127 tissue homeostasis 110:127 Gut microbiota and the immune system interact to maintain tissue homeostasis, but whether this interaction is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is unclear. 29057975 5 43 from symptoms 821:828 arg1 mice 841:844 MRL/lpr mice 833:844 MRL/lpr mice 833:844 In addition, antibiotics removed Lachnospiraceae and increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp., two groups of bacteria previously shown to be associated with deteriorated or improved symptoms in MRL/lpr mice, respectively. 29057975 6 44 theme antibiotic 956:965 arg1 vancomycin 967:976 a single antibiotic vancomycin 947:976 a single antibiotic vancomycin 947:976 Moreover, we showed that the attenuated disease phenotype could be recapitulated with a single antibiotic vancomycin, which reshaped the gut microbiota and changed microbial functional pathways in a time-dependent manner. 29057975 2 45 theme harmful 314:320 arg1 bacteria 322:329 harmful bacteria 314:329 harmful bacteria 314:329 Here we report that oral antibiotics given during active disease removed harmful bacteria from the gut microbiota and attenuated SLE-like disease in lupus-prone mice. 29057975 6 46 theme time-dependent 1060:1073 arg1 manner 1075:1080 a time-dependent manner 1058:1080 a time-dependent manner 1058:1080 Moreover, we showed that the attenuated disease phenotype could be recapitulated with a single antibiotic vancomycin, which reshaped the gut microbiota and changed microbial functional pathways in a time-dependent manner. 29057975 5 47 theme spp. 728:731 arg1 abundance 701:709 the relative abundance 688:709 the relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp., two groups of bacteria previously shown to be associated with deteriorated or improved symptoms in MRL/lpr mice, respectively 688:858 In addition, antibiotics removed Lachnospiraceae and increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp., two groups of bacteria previously shown to be associated with deteriorated or improved symptoms in MRL/lpr mice, respectively. 29057975 3 48 theme disease 467:473 arg1 onset 475:479 disease onset 467:479 disease onset 467:479 Using MRL/lpr mice, we showed that antibiotics given after disease onset ameliorated systemic autoimmunity and kidney histopathology. 29057975 4 49 theme IL-10 618:622 arg1 level 597:601 the level 593:601 the level of circulating IL-10 593:622 They decreased IL-17-producing cells and increased the level of circulating IL-10. 29057975 7 50 theme known 1293:1297 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 1215:1232 lipopolysaccharide 1215:1232 lipopolysaccharide 1215:1232 Furthermore, vancomycin treatment increased the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, thus preventing the translocation of lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and known inducer of lupus in mice, into the circulation. 29057975 7 50 theme known 1293:1297 arg1 inducer 1299:1305 known inducer 1293:1305 known inducer of lupus in mice 1293:1322 Furthermore, vancomycin treatment increased the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, thus preventing the translocation of lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and known inducer of lupus in mice, into the circulation. 29057975 2 51 theme lupus-prone 390:400 arg1 mice 402:405 lupus-prone mice 390:405 lupus-prone mice 390:405 Here we report that oral antibiotics given during active disease removed harmful bacteria from the gut microbiota and attenuated SLE-like disease in lupus-prone mice. 29057975 8 52 theme gut 1501:1503 arg1 microbiota 1505:1514 gut microbiota 1501:1514 gut microbiota 1501:1514 These results suggest that mixed antibiotics or a single antibiotic vancomycin ameliorate SLE-like disease in MRL/lpr mice by changing the composition of gut microbiota. 29057975 8 53 theme mixed 1374:1378 arg1 antibiotics 1380:1390 mixed antibiotics 1374:1390 mixed antibiotics 1374:1390 These results suggest that mixed antibiotics or a single antibiotic vancomycin ameliorate SLE-like disease in MRL/lpr mice by changing the composition of gut microbiota. 29057975 0 54 from symptoms 34:41 arg1 mice 46:49 mice 46:49 mice 46:49 Antibiotics ameliorate lupus-like symptoms in mice. 29057975 1 55 theme Gut 52:54 arg1 microbiota 56:65 Gut microbiota 52:65 Gut microbiota 52:65 Gut microbiota and the immune system interact to maintain tissue homeostasis, but whether this interaction is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is unclear. 29057975 3 56 theme kidney 519:524 arg1 histopathology 526:539 kidney histopathology 519:539 kidney histopathology 519:539 Using MRL/lpr mice, we showed that antibiotics given after disease onset ameliorated systemic autoimmunity and kidney histopathology. 27889517 1 0 theme methyl 326:331 arg1 group 333:337 an methyl group 323:337 an methyl group 323:337 Pectin methylesterases (PMEs, EC 3.1.1.11) belonging to carbohydrate esterase family 8 cleave the ester bond between a galacturonic acid and an methyl group and the resulting change in methylesterification level plays an important role during the growth and development of plants. 27889517 2 1 theme PME 615:617 arg1 PMEIs 631:635 PMEIs 631:635 PMEIs 631:635 Optimal pectin methylesterification status in each cell type is determined by the balance between PME activity and post-translational PME inhibition by PME inhibitors (PMEIs). 27889517 2 1 theme PME 615:617 arg1 inhibitors 619:628 PME inhibitors 615:628 PME inhibitors (PMEIs) 615:636 Optimal pectin methylesterification status in each cell type is determined by the balance between PME activity and post-translational PME inhibition by PME inhibitors (PMEIs). 27889517 0 2 theme methylesterification 153:172 arg1 levels 174:179 increased pectin methylesterification levels 136:179 increased pectin methylesterification levels 136:179 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 (OsPMEI28) encodes a functional PMEI and its overexpression results in a dwarf phenotype through increased pectin methylesterification levels. 27889517 6 3 theme lignin 1109:1114 arg1 content 1116:1122 lignin content 1109:1122 lignin content in culm tissues 1109:1138 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 2 4 theme post-translational 578:595 arg1 inhibition 601:610 post-translational PME inhibition 578:610 post-translational PME inhibition by PME inhibitors (PMEIs) 578:636 Optimal pectin methylesterification status in each cell type is determined by the balance between PME activity and post-translational PME inhibition by PME inhibitors (PMEIs). 27889517 1 5 theme esterase 251:258 arg1 family 260:265 carbohydrate esterase family 8 238:267 carbohydrate esterase family 8 238:267 Pectin methylesterases (PMEs, EC 3.1.1.11) belonging to carbohydrate esterase family 8 cleave the ester bond between a galacturonic acid and an methyl group and the resulting change in methylesterification level plays an important role during the growth and development of plants. 27889517 2 6 theme methylesterification 478:497 arg1 status 499:504 Optimal pectin methylesterification status 463:504 Optimal pectin methylesterification status in each cell type 463:522 Optimal pectin methylesterification status in each cell type is determined by the balance between PME activity and post-translational PME inhibition by PME inhibitors (PMEIs). 27889517 8 7 from extensibility 1530:1542 arg1 tissues 1557:1563 rice culm tissues 1547:1563 rice culm tissues 1547:1563 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 8 8 theme impaired 1396:1403 arg1 status 1405:1410 an impaired status 1393:1410 an impaired status of pectin methylesterification 1393:1441 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 6 9 from wall 1076:1079 arg1 tissues 1132:1138 culm tissues 1127:1138 culm tissues 1127:1138 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 6 10 dep wall 994:997 arg1 groups 1017:1022 bound methylester groups 999:1022 bound methylester groups 999:1022 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 8 11 theme methylesterification 1422:1441 arg1 status 1405:1410 an impaired status 1393:1410 an impaired status of pectin methylesterification 1393:1441 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 2 12 from status 499:504 arg1 type 519:522 each cell type 509:522 each cell type 509:522 Optimal pectin methylesterification status in each cell type is determined by the balance between PME activity and post-translational PME inhibition by PME inhibitors (PMEIs). 27889517 7 13 theme culm 1236:1239 arg1 diameter 1241:1248 culm diameter 1236:1248 culm diameter 1236:1248 Consequently, transgenic plants overexpressing OsPMEI28 exhibited dwarf phenotypes and reduced culm diameter. 27889517 8 14 theme cell 1484:1487 arg1 components 1494:1503 the cell wall components 1480:1503 the cell wall components 1480:1503 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 6 15 from changes 1041:1047 arg1 composition 1056:1066 the composition 1052:1066 the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues 1052:1138 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 4 16 theme rice 766:769 arg1 OsPMEI28 779:786 OsPMEI28 779:786 OsPMEI28 779:786 Genomic sequence analysis led to the identification of rice PMEI28 (OsPMEI28). 27889517 4 16 theme rice 766:769 arg1 PMEI28 771:776 rice PMEI28 766:776 rice PMEI28 (OsPMEI28) 766:787 Genomic sequence analysis led to the identification of rice PMEI28 (OsPMEI28). 27889517 6 17 from content 1116:1122 arg1 tissues 1132:1138 culm tissues 1127:1138 culm tissues 1127:1138 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 6 18 theme wall 994:997 arg1 level 980:984 an increased level 967:984 an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues 967:1138 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 8 19 theme pectin 1415:1420 arg1 methylesterification 1422:1441 pectin methylesterification 1415:1441 pectin methylesterification 1415:1441 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 2 20 theme PME 597:599 arg1 inhibition 601:610 post-translational PME inhibition 578:610 post-translational PME inhibition by PME inhibitors (PMEIs) 578:636 Optimal pectin methylesterification status in each cell type is determined by the balance between PME activity and post-translational PME inhibition by PME inhibitors (PMEIs). 27889517 6 21 from level 980:984 arg1 composition 1056:1066 the composition 1052:1066 the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues 1052:1138 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 6 22 theme cell 989:992 arg1 wall 994:997 cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues 989:1138 wall 994:997 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 1 23 theme resulting 347:355 arg1 change 357:362 the resulting change 343:362 the resulting change in methylesterification level 343:392 Pectin methylesterases (PMEs, EC 3.1.1.11) belonging to carbohydrate esterase family 8 cleave the ester bond between a galacturonic acid and an methyl group and the resulting change in methylesterification level plays an important role during the growth and development of plants. 27889517 6 24 from wall 994:997 arg1 composition 1056:1066 the composition 1052:1066 the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues 1052:1138 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 6 25 theme wall 1076:1079 arg1 composition 1056:1066 the composition 1052:1066 the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues 1052:1138 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 2 26 theme cell 514:517 arg1 type 519:522 each cell type 509:522 each cell type 509:522 Optimal pectin methylesterification status in each cell type is determined by the balance between PME activity and post-translational PME inhibition by PME inhibitors (PMEIs). 27889517 6 27 theme methylester 1005:1015 arg1 groups 1017:1022 bound methylester groups 999:1022 bound methylester groups 999:1022 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 1 28 theme plants 455:460 arg1 development 440:450 development 440:450 development 440:450 Pectin methylesterases (PMEs, EC 3.1.1.11) belonging to carbohydrate esterase family 8 cleave the ester bond between a galacturonic acid and an methyl group and the resulting change in methylesterification level plays an important role during the growth and development of plants. 27889517 1 28 theme plants 455:460 arg1 growth 429:434 growth 429:434 growth 429:434 Pectin methylesterases (PMEs, EC 3.1.1.11) belonging to carbohydrate esterase family 8 cleave the ester bond between a galacturonic acid and an methyl group and the resulting change in methylesterification level plays an important role during the growth and development of plants. 27889517 4 29 theme PMEI28 771:776 arg1 identification 748:761 the identification 744:761 the identification of rice PMEI28 (OsPMEI28) 744:787 Genomic sequence analysis led to the identification of rice PMEI28 (OsPMEI28). 27889517 1 30 theme Pectin 182:187 arg1 methylesterases 189:203 Pectin methylesterases 182:203 Pectin methylesterases (PMEs, EC 3.1.1.11) belonging to carbohydrate esterase family 8 182:267 Pectin methylesterases (PMEs, EC 3.1.1.11) belonging to carbohydrate esterase family 8 cleave the ester bond between a galacturonic acid and an methyl group and the resulting change in methylesterification level plays an important role during the growth and development of plants. 27889517 0 31 theme pectin 5:10 arg1 PMEI 71:74 a functional PMEI 58:74 a functional PMEI 58:74 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 (OsPMEI28) encodes a functional PMEI and its overexpression results in a dwarf phenotype through increased pectin methylesterification levels. 27889517 0 31 theme pectin 5:10 arg1 OsPMEI28 40:47 OsPMEI28 40:47 OsPMEI28 40:47 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 (OsPMEI28) encodes a functional PMEI and its overexpression results in a dwarf phenotype through increased pectin methylesterification levels. 27889517 0 31 theme pectin 5:10 arg1 inhibitor28 27:37 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 0:37 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 (OsPMEI28) 0:48 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 (OsPMEI28) encodes a functional PMEI and its overexpression results in a dwarf phenotype through increased pectin methylesterification levels. 27889517 6 32 from Overexpression 920:933 arg1 rice 950:953 rice 950:953 rice 950:953 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 6 33 dep wall 1076:1079 arg1 monosaccharides 1089:1103 neutral monosaccharides 1081:1103 neutral monosaccharides 1081:1103 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 5 34 located detected 900:907 arg1 pH 912:913 pH 8.5 912:917 pH 8.5 912:917 Recombinant OsPMEI28 exhibited inhibitory activity against commercial PME protein with the highest activities detected at pH 8.5. 27889517 5 34 located detected 900:907 arg2 activities 889:898 the highest activities 877:898 the highest activities detected at pH 8.5 877:917 Recombinant OsPMEI28 exhibited inhibitory activity against commercial PME protein with the highest activities detected at pH 8.5. 27889517 5 35 theme highest 881:887 arg1 activities 889:898 the highest activities 877:898 the highest activities detected at pH 8.5 877:917 Recombinant OsPMEI28 exhibited inhibitory activity against commercial PME protein with the highest activities detected at pH 8.5. 27889517 0 36 theme Rice 0:3 arg1 PMEI 71:74 a functional PMEI 58:74 a functional PMEI 58:74 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 (OsPMEI28) encodes a functional PMEI and its overexpression results in a dwarf phenotype through increased pectin methylesterification levels. 27889517 0 36 theme Rice 0:3 arg1 OsPMEI28 40:47 OsPMEI28 40:47 OsPMEI28 40:47 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 (OsPMEI28) encodes a functional PMEI and its overexpression results in a dwarf phenotype through increased pectin methylesterification levels. 27889517 0 36 theme Rice 0:3 arg1 inhibitor28 27:37 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 0:37 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 (OsPMEI28) 0:48 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 (OsPMEI28) encodes a functional PMEI and its overexpression results in a dwarf phenotype through increased pectin methylesterification levels. 27889517 8 37 theme culm 1552:1555 arg1 tissues 1557:1563 rice culm tissues 1547:1563 rice culm tissues 1547:1563 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 8 38 theme rice 1547:1550 arg1 tissues 1557:1563 rice culm tissues 1547:1563 rice culm tissues 1547:1563 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 6 39 theme cell 1071:1074 arg1 wall 1076:1079 cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues 1071:1138 wall 1076:1079 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 5 40 theme inhibitory 821:830 arg1 activity 832:839 inhibitory activity 821:839 inhibitory activity against commercial PME protein with the highest activities detected at pH 8.5 821:917 Recombinant OsPMEI28 exhibited inhibitory activity against commercial PME protein with the highest activities detected at pH 8.5. 27889517 1 41 theme ester 280:284 arg1 bond 286:289 the ester bond 276:289 the ester bond between a galacturonic acid and an methyl group 276:337 Pectin methylesterases (PMEs, EC 3.1.1.11) belonging to carbohydrate esterase family 8 cleave the ester bond between a galacturonic acid and an methyl group and the resulting change in methylesterification level plays an important role during the growth and development of plants. 27889517 0 42 theme dwarf 112:116 arg1 phenotype 118:126 a dwarf phenotype 110:126 a dwarf phenotype 110:126 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 (OsPMEI28) encodes a functional PMEI and its overexpression results in a dwarf phenotype through increased pectin methylesterification levels. 27889517 6 43 from composition 1056:1066 arg1 tissues 1132:1138 culm tissues 1127:1138 culm tissues 1127:1138 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 6 43 from composition 1056:1066 arg1 level 980:984 an increased level 967:984 an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues 967:1138 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 8 44 theme critical 1298:1305 arg1 properties 1466:1475 physiochemical properties 1451:1475 physiochemical properties of the cell wall components 1451:1503 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 8 44 theme critical 1298:1305 arg1 extensibility 1530:1542 abnormal cell extensibility 1516:1542 abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues 1516:1563 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 8 44 theme critical 1298:1305 arg1 OsPMEI28 1274:1281 OsPMEI28 1274:1281 OsPMEI28 1274:1281 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 8 44 theme critical 1298:1305 arg1 modulator 1318:1326 a critical structural modulator 1296:1326 a critical structural modulator 1296:1326 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 0 45 theme methylesterase 12:25 arg1 PMEI 71:74 a functional PMEI 58:74 a functional PMEI 58:74 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 (OsPMEI28) encodes a functional PMEI and its overexpression results in a dwarf phenotype through increased pectin methylesterification levels. 27889517 0 45 theme methylesterase 12:25 arg1 OsPMEI28 40:47 OsPMEI28 40:47 OsPMEI28 40:47 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 (OsPMEI28) encodes a functional PMEI and its overexpression results in a dwarf phenotype through increased pectin methylesterification levels. 27889517 0 45 theme methylesterase 12:25 arg1 inhibitor28 27:37 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 0:37 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 (OsPMEI28) 0:48 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 (OsPMEI28) encodes a functional PMEI and its overexpression results in a dwarf phenotype through increased pectin methylesterification levels. 27889517 6 46 theme increased 970:978 arg1 level 980:984 an increased level 967:984 an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues 967:1138 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 5 47 with protein 864:870 arg1 activities 889:898 the highest activities 877:898 the highest activities detected at pH 8.5 877:917 Recombinant OsPMEI28 exhibited inhibitory activity against commercial PME protein with the highest activities detected at pH 8.5. 27889517 1 48 theme methylesterification 367:386 arg1 level 388:392 methylesterification level 367:392 methylesterification level 367:392 Pectin methylesterases (PMEs, EC 3.1.1.11) belonging to carbohydrate esterase family 8 cleave the ester bond between a galacturonic acid and an methyl group and the resulting change in methylesterification level plays an important role during the growth and development of plants. 27889517 8 49 theme methylesterification 1363:1382 arg1 degree 1346:1351 the degree 1342:1351 the degree of pectin methylesterification 1342:1382 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 5 50 theme commercial 849:858 arg1 protein 864:870 commercial PME protein 849:870 commercial PME protein with the highest activities detected at pH 8.5 849:917 Recombinant OsPMEI28 exhibited inhibitory activity against commercial PME protein with the highest activities detected at pH 8.5. 27889517 2 51 theme pectin 471:476 arg1 status 499:504 Optimal pectin methylesterification status 463:504 Optimal pectin methylesterification status in each cell type 463:522 Optimal pectin methylesterification status in each cell type is determined by the balance between PME activity and post-translational PME inhibition by PME inhibitors (PMEIs). 27889517 1 52 dep methylesterases 189:203 arg1 EC 212:213 EC 3.1.1.11 212:222 EC 3.1.1.11 212:222 Pectin methylesterases (PMEs, EC 3.1.1.11) belonging to carbohydrate esterase family 8 cleave the ester bond between a galacturonic acid and an methyl group and the resulting change in methylesterification level plays an important role during the growth and development of plants. 27889517 1 52 dep methylesterases 189:203 arg1 PMEs 206:209 PMEs 206:209 PMEs 206:209 Pectin methylesterases (PMEs, EC 3.1.1.11) belonging to carbohydrate esterase family 8 cleave the ester bond between a galacturonic acid and an methyl group and the resulting change in methylesterification level plays an important role during the growth and development of plants. 27889517 5 53 theme PME 860:862 arg1 protein 864:870 commercial PME protein 849:870 commercial PME protein with the highest activities detected at pH 8.5 849:917 Recombinant OsPMEI28 exhibited inhibitory activity against commercial PME protein with the highest activities detected at pH 8.5. 27889517 2 54 theme Optimal 463:469 arg1 status 499:504 Optimal pectin methylesterification status 463:504 Optimal pectin methylesterification status in each cell type 463:522 Optimal pectin methylesterification status in each cell type is determined by the balance between PME activity and post-translational PME inhibition by PME inhibitors (PMEIs). 27889517 6 55 theme bound 999:1003 arg1 groups 1017:1022 bound methylester groups 999:1022 bound methylester groups 999:1022 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 8 56 theme physiochemical 1451:1464 arg1 OsPMEI28 1274:1281 OsPMEI28 1274:1281 OsPMEI28 1274:1281 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 8 56 theme physiochemical 1451:1464 arg1 extensibility 1530:1542 abnormal cell extensibility 1516:1542 abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues 1516:1563 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 8 56 theme physiochemical 1451:1464 arg1 properties 1466:1475 physiochemical properties 1451:1475 physiochemical properties of the cell wall components 1451:1503 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 8 56 theme physiochemical 1451:1464 arg1 modulator 1318:1326 a critical structural modulator 1296:1326 a critical structural modulator 1296:1326 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 6 57 from tissues 1132:1138 arg1 composition 1056:1066 the composition 1052:1066 the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues 1052:1138 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 3 58 contain contains 644:651 arg1 Rice 639:642 Rice 639:642 Rice 639:642 Rice contains 49 PMEIs and none of them are functionally characterized. 27889517 3 58 contain contains 644:651 arg2 PMEIs 656:660 49 PMEIs 653:660 49 PMEIs 653:660 Rice contains 49 PMEIs and none of them are functionally characterized. 27889517 1 59 theme galacturonic 301:312 arg1 acid 314:317 a galacturonic acid 299:317 a galacturonic acid 299:317 Pectin methylesterases (PMEs, EC 3.1.1.11) belonging to carbohydrate esterase family 8 cleave the ester bond between a galacturonic acid and an methyl group and the resulting change in methylesterification level plays an important role during the growth and development of plants. 27889517 0 60 theme pectin 146:151 arg1 levels 174:179 increased pectin methylesterification levels 136:179 increased pectin methylesterification levels 136:179 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 (OsPMEI28) encodes a functional PMEI and its overexpression results in a dwarf phenotype through increased pectin methylesterification levels. 27889517 8 61 theme cell 1525:1528 arg1 properties 1466:1475 physiochemical properties 1451:1475 physiochemical properties of the cell wall components 1451:1503 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 8 61 theme cell 1525:1528 arg1 extensibility 1530:1542 abnormal cell extensibility 1516:1542 abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues 1516:1563 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 8 61 theme cell 1525:1528 arg1 OsPMEI28 1274:1281 OsPMEI28 1274:1281 OsPMEI28 1274:1281 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 8 61 theme cell 1525:1528 arg1 modulator 1318:1326 a critical structural modulator 1296:1326 a critical structural modulator 1296:1326 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 4 62 theme Genomic 711:717 arg1 analysis 728:735 Genomic sequence analysis 711:735 Genomic sequence analysis 711:735 Genomic sequence analysis led to the identification of rice PMEI28 (OsPMEI28). 27889517 5 63 theme Recombinant 790:800 arg1 OsPMEI28 802:809 Recombinant OsPMEI28 790:809 Recombinant OsPMEI28 790:809 Recombinant OsPMEI28 exhibited inhibitory activity against commercial PME protein with the highest activities detected at pH 8.5. 27889517 0 64 theme increased 136:144 arg1 levels 174:179 increased pectin methylesterification levels 136:179 increased pectin methylesterification levels 136:179 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 (OsPMEI28) encodes a functional PMEI and its overexpression results in a dwarf phenotype through increased pectin methylesterification levels. 27889517 1 65 theme important 403:411 arg1 role 413:416 an important role 400:416 an important role 400:416 Pectin methylesterases (PMEs, EC 3.1.1.11) belonging to carbohydrate esterase family 8 cleave the ester bond between a galacturonic acid and an methyl group and the resulting change in methylesterification level plays an important role during the growth and development of plants. 27889517 8 66 theme wall 1489:1492 arg1 components 1494:1503 the cell wall components 1480:1503 the cell wall components 1480:1503 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 7 67 theme transgenic 1155:1164 arg1 plants 1166:1171 transgenic plants 1155:1171 transgenic plants overexpressing OsPMEI28 1155:1195 Consequently, transgenic plants overexpressing OsPMEI28 exhibited dwarf phenotypes and reduced culm diameter. 27889517 6 68 theme culm 1127:1130 arg1 tissues 1132:1138 culm tissues 1127:1138 culm tissues 1127:1138 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 6 69 theme changes 1041:1047 arg1 level 980:984 an increased level 967:984 an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues 967:1138 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 2 70 theme PME 561:563 arg1 activity 565:572 PME activity 561:572 PME activity 561:572 Optimal pectin methylesterification status in each cell type is determined by the balance between PME activity and post-translational PME inhibition by PME inhibitors (PMEIs). 27889517 8 71 theme abnormal 1516:1523 arg1 properties 1466:1475 physiochemical properties 1451:1475 physiochemical properties of the cell wall components 1451:1503 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 8 71 theme abnormal 1516:1523 arg1 extensibility 1530:1542 abnormal cell extensibility 1516:1542 abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues 1516:1563 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 8 71 theme abnormal 1516:1523 arg1 OsPMEI28 1274:1281 OsPMEI28 1274:1281 OsPMEI28 1274:1281 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 8 71 theme abnormal 1516:1523 arg1 modulator 1318:1326 a critical structural modulator 1296:1326 a critical structural modulator 1296:1326 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 7 72 theme dwarf 1207:1211 arg1 phenotypes 1213:1222 dwarf phenotypes 1207:1222 dwarf phenotypes 1207:1222 Consequently, transgenic plants overexpressing OsPMEI28 exhibited dwarf phenotypes and reduced culm diameter. 27889517 4 73 theme sequence 719:726 arg1 analysis 728:735 Genomic sequence analysis 711:735 Genomic sequence analysis 711:735 Genomic sequence analysis led to the identification of rice PMEI28 (OsPMEI28). 27889517 1 74 dep growth 429:434 arg1 the 425:427 the 425:427 the 425:427 Pectin methylesterases (PMEs, EC 3.1.1.11) belonging to carbohydrate esterase family 8 cleave the ester bond between a galacturonic acid and an methyl group and the resulting change in methylesterification level plays an important role during the growth and development of plants. 27889517 6 75 theme differential 1028:1039 arg1 changes 1041:1047 differential changes 1028:1047 differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues 1028:1138 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 0 76 theme functional 60:69 arg1 PMEI 71:74 a functional PMEI 58:74 a functional PMEI 58:74 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 (OsPMEI28) encodes a functional PMEI and its overexpression results in a dwarf phenotype through increased pectin methylesterification levels. 27889517 0 76 theme functional 60:69 arg1 inhibitor28 27:37 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 0:37 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 (OsPMEI28) 0:48 Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 (OsPMEI28) encodes a functional PMEI and its overexpression results in a dwarf phenotype through increased pectin methylesterification levels. 27889517 6 77 theme content 1116:1122 arg1 composition 1056:1066 the composition 1052:1066 the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues 1052:1138 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 8 78 theme structural 1307:1316 arg1 properties 1466:1475 physiochemical properties 1451:1475 physiochemical properties of the cell wall components 1451:1503 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 8 78 theme structural 1307:1316 arg1 extensibility 1530:1542 abnormal cell extensibility 1516:1542 abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues 1516:1563 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 8 78 theme structural 1307:1316 arg1 OsPMEI28 1274:1281 OsPMEI28 1274:1281 OsPMEI28 1274:1281 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 8 78 theme structural 1307:1316 arg1 modulator 1318:1326 a critical structural modulator 1296:1326 a critical structural modulator 1296:1326 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 8 79 theme pectin 1356:1361 arg1 methylesterification 1363:1382 pectin methylesterification 1356:1382 pectin methylesterification 1356:1382 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 6 80 theme neutral 1081:1087 arg1 monosaccharides 1089:1103 neutral monosaccharides 1081:1103 neutral monosaccharides 1081:1103 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 6 81 theme OsPMEI28 938:945 arg1 Overexpression 920:933 Overexpression 920:933 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice 920:953 Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. 27889517 8 82 theme components 1494:1503 arg1 OsPMEI28 1274:1281 OsPMEI28 1274:1281 OsPMEI28 1274:1281 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 8 82 theme components 1494:1503 arg1 extensibility 1530:1542 abnormal cell extensibility 1516:1542 abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues 1516:1563 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 8 82 theme components 1494:1503 arg1 properties 1466:1475 physiochemical properties 1451:1475 physiochemical properties of the cell wall components 1451:1503 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 8 82 theme components 1494:1503 arg1 modulator 1318:1326 a critical structural modulator 1296:1326 a critical structural modulator 1296:1326 Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues. 27889517 1 83 from change 357:362 arg1 level 388:392 methylesterification level 367:392 methylesterification level 367:392 Pectin methylesterases (PMEs, EC 3.1.1.11) belonging to carbohydrate esterase family 8 cleave the ester bond between a galacturonic acid and an methyl group and the resulting change in methylesterification level plays an important role during the growth and development of plants. 27889517 1 84 theme carbohydrate 238:249 arg1 family 260:265 carbohydrate esterase family 8 238:267 carbohydrate esterase family 8 238:267 Pectin methylesterases (PMEs, EC 3.1.1.11) belonging to carbohydrate esterase family 8 cleave the ester bond between a galacturonic acid and an methyl group and the resulting change in methylesterification level plays an important role during the growth and development of plants. 27528019 8 0 theme 45.2 mol 1058:1065 arg1 content 1027:1033 The DNA G+C content 1015:1033 The DNA G+C content of strain 7578-24T 1015:1052 The DNA G+C content of strain 7578-24T was 45.2 mol%. 27528019 8 0 theme 45.2 mol 1058:1065 arg1 % 1066:1066 45.2 mol% 1058:1066 45.2 mol% 1058:1066 The DNA G+C content of strain 7578-24T was 45.2 mol%. 27528019 3 1 theme 16S 491:493 arg1 similarity 514:523 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 484:523 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 484:523 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27528019 5 2 contain had 624:626 arg1 7578-24T 615:622 Strain 7578-24T 608:622 Strain 7578-24T 608:622 Strain 7578-24T had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27528019 5 2 contain had 624:626 arg2 peptidoglycan 649:661 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan 628:661 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid 628:691 Strain 7578-24T had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27528019 5 2 contain had 624:626 arg2 acid 719:722 the diagnostic diamino acid 696:722 the diagnostic diamino acid 696:722 Strain 7578-24T had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27528019 2 3 dep Gram-stain-positive 71:89 arg1 aerobic 101:107 aerobic 101:107 aerobic 101:107 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 27528019 2 3 dep Gram-stain-positive 71:89 arg1 rod-shaped 129:138 rod-shaped 129:138 rod-shaped 129:138 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 27528019 2 3 dep Gram-stain-positive 71:89 arg1 endospore-forming 110:126 endospore-forming 110:126 endospore-forming 110:126 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 27528019 3 4 theme Phylogenetic 203:214 arg1 analysis 216:223 Phylogenetic analysis 203:223 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 203:256 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27528019 7 5 theme fatty 869:873 arg1  0 807:808  0 807:808  0 807:808 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 5 theme fatty 869:873 arg1  0 836:837  0 836:837  0 836:837 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 5 theme fatty 869:873 arg1  1ω7c 778:782  1ω7c 778:782  1ω7c 778:782 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 5 theme fatty 869:873 arg1 C18  773:776 C18  773:776 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 773:1013 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 5 theme fatty 869:873 arg1 acids 875:879 the predominant fatty acids 853:879 the predominant fatty acids 853:879 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 3 6 theme rRNA 495:498 arg1 similarity 514:523 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 484:523 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 484:523 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27528019 10 7 theme Pullulanibacillus 1368:1384 arg1 species 1347:1353 a novel species 1339:1353 a novel species of the genus Pullulanibacillus 1339:1384 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a novel species of the genus Pullulanibacillus named Pullulanibacillus camelliae sp. 27528019 9 8 theme genus 1143:1147 arg1 Pullulanibacillus 1149:1165 the genus Pullulanibacillus 1139:1165 the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1139:1283 Strain 7578-24T could be differentiated from other related species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 27528019 9 9 theme related 1120:1126 arg1 species 1128:1134 other related species 1114:1134 other related species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1114:1283 Strain 7578-24T could be differentiated from other related species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 27528019 5 10 theme type 640:643 arg1 peptidoglycan 649:661 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan 628:661 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid 628:691 Strain 7578-24T had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27528019 5 10 theme type 640:643 arg1 acid 719:722 the diagnostic diamino acid 696:722 the diagnostic diamino acid 696:722 Strain 7578-24T had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27528019 11 11 theme strain 1447:1452 arg1 31236T 1484:1489 =CGMCC 1.15371T=JCM 31236T 1464:1489 =CGMCC 1.15371T=JCM 31236T 1464:1489 nov. is proposed, with strain 7578-24T (=CGMCC 1.15371T=JCM 31236T) as the type strain. 27528019 11 11 theme strain 1447:1452 arg1 7578-24T 1454:1461 strain 7578-24T 1447:1461 strain 7578-24T (=CGMCC 1.15371T=JCM 31236T) as the type strain 1447:1509 nov. is proposed, with strain 7578-24T (=CGMCC 1.15371T=JCM 31236T) as the type strain. 27528019 9 12 theme phylogenetic 1232:1243 arg1 characteristics 1187:1201 phenotypic characteristics 1176:1201 phenotypic characteristics 1176:1201 Strain 7578-24T could be differentiated from other related species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 27528019 9 12 theme phylogenetic 1232:1243 arg1 analysis 1245:1252 phylogenetic analysis 1232:1252 phylogenetic analysis 1232:1252 Strain 7578-24T could be differentiated from other related species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 27528019 11 13 theme type 1499:1502 arg1 strain 1504:1509 the type strain 1495:1509 the type strain 1495:1509 nov. is proposed, with strain 7578-24T (=CGMCC 1.15371T=JCM 31236T) as the type strain. 27528019 2 14 theme bacterial 140:148 arg1 7578-24T 157:164 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T 63:164 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T 63:164 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 27528019 5 15 theme A1γ 645:647 arg1 peptidoglycan 649:661 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan 628:661 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid 628:691 Strain 7578-24T had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27528019 5 15 theme A1γ 645:647 arg1 acid 719:722 the diagnostic diamino acid 696:722 the diagnostic diamino acid 696:722 Strain 7578-24T had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27528019 11 16 theme =CGMCC 1464:1469 arg1 31236T 1484:1489 =CGMCC 1.15371T=JCM 31236T 1464:1489 =CGMCC 1.15371T=JCM 31236T 1464:1489 nov. is proposed, with strain 7578-24T (=CGMCC 1.15371T=JCM 31236T) as the type strain. 27528019 11 16 theme =CGMCC 1464:1469 arg1 7578-24T 1454:1461 strain 7578-24T 1447:1461 strain 7578-24T (=CGMCC 1.15371T=JCM 31236T) as the type strain 1447:1509 nov. is proposed, with strain 7578-24T (=CGMCC 1.15371T=JCM 31236T) as the type strain. 27528019 4 17 theme P. 584:585 arg1 YN3T 593:596 P. pueri YN3T 584:596 P. pueri YN3T 584:596 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain 7578-24T and P. pueri YN3T was 35 %. 27528019 3 18 theme genus 318:322 arg1 Pullulanibacillus 324:340 the genus Pullulanibacillus 314:340 the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities 314:415 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27528019 3 19 from Sporolactobacillaceae 356:376 arg1 species 303:309 species 303:309 species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities 303:415 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27528019 3 20 with YN3T 474:477 arg1 similarity 514:523 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 484:523 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 484:523 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27528019 7 21 theme predominant 857:867 arg1  0 807:808  0 807:808  0 807:808 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 21 theme predominant 857:867 arg1  0 836:837  0 836:837  0 836:837 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 21 theme predominant 857:867 arg1  1ω7c 778:782  1ω7c 778:782  1ω7c 778:782 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 21 theme predominant 857:867 arg1 C18  773:776 C18  773:776 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 773:1013 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 21 theme predominant 857:867 arg1 acids 875:879 the predominant fatty acids 853:879 the predominant fatty acids 853:879 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 1 22 theme er 55:56 arg1 tea 58:60 Pu'er tea 52:60 Pu'er tea 52:60 nov., isolated from Pu'er tea. 27528019 5 23 with peptidoglycan 649:661 arg1 acid 688:691 meso-diaminopimelic acid 668:691 meso-diaminopimelic acid 668:691 Strain 7578-24T had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27528019 3 24 theme Pullulanibacillus 324:340 arg1 species 303:309 species 303:309 species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities 303:415 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27528019 9 25 theme DNA-DNA 1258:1264 arg1 characteristics 1187:1201 phenotypic characteristics 1176:1201 phenotypic characteristics 1176:1201 Strain 7578-24T could be differentiated from other related species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 27528019 9 25 theme DNA-DNA 1258:1264 arg1 hybridization 1266:1278 DNA-DNA hybridization 1258:1278 DNA-DNA hybridization 1258:1278 Strain 7578-24T could be differentiated from other related species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 27528019 3 26 theme 16S 234:236 arg1 sequences 248:256 16S rRNA gene sequences 234:256 16S rRNA gene sequences 234:256 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27528019 9 27 theme other 1114:1118 arg1 species 1128:1134 other related species 1114:1134 other related species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1114:1283 Strain 7578-24T could be differentiated from other related species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 27528019 0 28 theme Pullulanibacillus 0:16 arg1 sp 28:29 Pullulanibacillus camelliae sp 0:29 Pullulanibacillus camelliae sp. 0:30 Pullulanibacillus camelliae sp. 27528019 10 29 dep Pullulanibacillus 1392:1408 arg1 camelliae 1410:1418 camelliae 1410:1418 camelliae 1410:1418 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a novel species of the genus Pullulanibacillus named Pullulanibacillus camelliae sp. 27528019 9 30 dep analysis 1245:1252 arg1 data 1280:1283 data 1280:1283 data 1280:1283 Strain 7578-24T could be differentiated from other related species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 27528019 0 31 theme camelliae 18:26 arg1 sp 28:29 Pullulanibacillus camelliae sp 0:29 Pullulanibacillus camelliae sp. 0:30 Pullulanibacillus camelliae sp. 27528019 7 32 theme polar 1001:1005 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 886:907 diphosphatidylglycerol 886:907 diphosphatidylglycerol 886:907 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 32 theme polar 1001:1005 arg1 phospholipids 945:957 five unknown phospholipids 932:957 five unknown phospholipids 932:957 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 32 theme polar 1001:1005 arg1 lipids 1007:1012 the major polar lipids 991:1012 the major polar lipids 991:1012 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 32 theme polar 1001:1005 arg1 C18  773:776 C18  773:776 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 773:1013 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 32 theme polar 1001:1005 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 910:929 phosphatidylglycerol 910:929 phosphatidylglycerol 910:929 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 32 theme polar 1001:1005 arg1 aminolipid 975:984 one unknown aminolipid 963:984 one unknown aminolipid 963:984 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 5 33 theme Strain 608:613 arg1 7578-24T 615:622 Strain 7578-24T 608:622 Strain 7578-24T 608:622 Strain 7578-24T had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27528019 8 34 theme DNA 1019:1021 arg1 content 1027:1033 The DNA G+C content 1015:1033 The DNA G+C content of strain 7578-24T 1015:1052 The DNA G+C content of strain 7578-24T was 45.2 mol%. 27528019 8 34 theme DNA 1019:1021 arg1 % 1066:1066 45.2 mol% 1058:1066 45.2 mol% 1058:1066 The DNA G+C content of strain 7578-24T was 45.2 mol%. 27528019 5 35 theme diagnostic 700:709 arg1 acid 719:722 the diagnostic diamino acid 696:722 the diagnostic diamino acid 696:722 Strain 7578-24T had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27528019 5 35 theme diagnostic 700:709 arg1 peptidoglycan 649:661 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan 628:661 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid 628:691 Strain 7578-24T had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27528019 3 36 theme 97.8-95.2  383:392 arg1 % 393:393 % 393:393 % 393:393 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27528019 10 37 theme Pullulanibacillus 1392:1408 arg1 sp 1420:1421 Pullulanibacillus camelliae sp 1392:1421 Pullulanibacillus camelliae sp 1392:1421 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a novel species of the genus Pullulanibacillus named Pullulanibacillus camelliae sp. 27528019 10 38 theme novel 1341:1345 arg1 species 1347:1353 a novel species 1339:1353 a novel species of the genus Pullulanibacillus 1339:1384 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a novel species of the genus Pullulanibacillus named Pullulanibacillus camelliae sp. 27528019 3 39 with Sporolactobacillaceae 356:376 arg1 similarities 404:415 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities 383:415 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities 383:415 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27528019 4 40 dep P. 584:585 arg1 pueri 587:591 pueri 587:591 pueri 587:591 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain 7578-24T and P. pueri YN3T was 35 %. 27528019 3 41 theme family 349:354 arg1 Sporolactobacillaceae 356:376 the family Sporolactobacillaceae 345:376 the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities 345:415 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27528019 4 42 theme relatedness 538:548 arg1 value 550:554 The DNA-DNA relatedness value 526:554 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain 7578-24T and P. pueri YN3T 526:596 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain 7578-24T and P. pueri YN3T was 35 %. 27528019 4 42 theme relatedness 538:548 arg1 % 605:605 35 % 602:605 35 % 602:605 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain 7578-24T and P. pueri YN3T was 35 %. 27528019 10 43 theme genus 1362:1366 arg1 Pullulanibacillus 1368:1384 the genus Pullulanibacillus 1358:1384 the genus Pullulanibacillus 1358:1384 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a novel species of the genus Pullulanibacillus named Pullulanibacillus camelliae sp. 27528019 11 44 theme 1.15371T=JCM 1471:1482 arg1 31236T 1484:1489 =CGMCC 1.15371T=JCM 31236T 1464:1489 =CGMCC 1.15371T=JCM 31236T 1464:1489 nov. is proposed, with strain 7578-24T (=CGMCC 1.15371T=JCM 31236T) as the type strain. 27528019 11 44 theme 1.15371T=JCM 1471:1482 arg1 7578-24T 1454:1461 strain 7578-24T 1447:1461 strain 7578-24T (=CGMCC 1.15371T=JCM 31236T) as the type strain 1447:1509 nov. is proposed, with strain 7578-24T (=CGMCC 1.15371T=JCM 31236T) as the type strain. 27528019 3 45 theme Pullulanibacillus 450:466 arg1 YN3T 474:477 Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T 450:477 Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 450:523 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27528019 4 46 theme strain 564:569 arg1 7578-24T 571:578 strain 7578-24T 564:578 strain 7578-24T 564:578 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain 7578-24T and P. pueri YN3T was 35 %. 27528019 7 47 theme major 995:999 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 886:907 diphosphatidylglycerol 886:907 diphosphatidylglycerol 886:907 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 47 theme major 995:999 arg1 phospholipids 945:957 five unknown phospholipids 932:957 five unknown phospholipids 932:957 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 47 theme major 995:999 arg1 lipids 1007:1012 the major polar lipids 991:1012 the major polar lipids 991:1012 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 47 theme major 995:999 arg1 C18  773:776 C18  773:776 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 773:1013 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 47 theme major 995:999 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 910:929 phosphatidylglycerol 910:929 phosphatidylglycerol 910:929 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 47 theme major 995:999 arg1 aminolipid 975:984 one unknown aminolipid 963:984 one unknown aminolipid 963:984 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 5 48 theme cell-wall 630:638 arg1 peptidoglycan 649:661 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan 628:661 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid 628:691 Strain 7578-24T had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27528019 5 48 theme cell-wall 630:638 arg1 acid 719:722 the diagnostic diamino acid 696:722 the diagnostic diamino acid 696:722 Strain 7578-24T had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27528019 2 49 attach isolated 170:177 arg1 tea 198:200 ripened Pu'er tea 184:200 ripened Pu'er tea 184:200 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 27528019 2 49 attach isolated 170:177 arg2 7578-24T 157:164 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T 63:164 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T 63:164 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 27528019 3 50 theme rRNA 238:241 arg1 sequences 248:256 16S rRNA gene sequences 234:256 16S rRNA gene sequences 234:256 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27528019 3 51 from Pullulanibacillus 324:340 arg1 Sporolactobacillaceae 356:376 the family Sporolactobacillaceae 345:376 the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities 345:415 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27528019 5 52 theme diamino 711:717 arg1 acid 719:722 the diagnostic diamino acid 696:722 the diagnostic diamino acid 696:722 Strain 7578-24T had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27528019 5 52 theme diamino 711:717 arg1 peptidoglycan 649:661 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan 628:661 a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid 628:691 Strain 7578-24T had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27528019 2 53 theme Gram-stain-positive 71:89 arg1 7578-24T 157:164 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T 63:164 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T 63:164 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 27528019 3 54 theme gene 243:246 arg1 sequences 248:256 16S rRNA gene sequences 234:256 16S rRNA gene sequences 234:256 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27528019 9 55 theme Pullulanibacillus 1149:1165 arg1 species 1128:1134 other related species 1114:1134 other related species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1114:1283 Strain 7578-24T could be differentiated from other related species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 27528019 3 56 theme % 393:393 arg1 similarities 404:415 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities 383:415 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities 383:415 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27528019 2 57 theme novel 65:69 arg1 7578-24T 157:164 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T 63:164 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T 63:164 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 27528019 8 58 theme G+C 1023:1025 arg1 content 1027:1033 The DNA G+C content 1015:1033 The DNA G+C content of strain 7578-24T 1015:1052 The DNA G+C content of strain 7578-24T was 45.2 mol%. 27528019 8 58 theme G+C 1023:1025 arg1 % 1066:1066 45.2 mol% 1058:1066 45.2 mol% 1058:1066 The DNA G+C content of strain 7578-24T was 45.2 mol%. 27528019 2 59 theme strain 150:155 arg1 7578-24T 157:164 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T 63:164 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T 63:164 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 27528019 7 60 theme unknown 937:943 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 886:907 diphosphatidylglycerol 886:907 diphosphatidylglycerol 886:907 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 60 theme unknown 937:943 arg1 phospholipids 945:957 five unknown phospholipids 932:957 five unknown phospholipids 932:957 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 60 theme unknown 937:943 arg1 lipids 1007:1012 the major polar lipids 991:1012 the major polar lipids 991:1012 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 60 theme unknown 937:943 arg1 C18  773:776 C18  773:776 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 773:1013 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 60 theme unknown 937:943 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 910:929 phosphatidylglycerol 910:929 phosphatidylglycerol 910:929 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 60 theme unknown 937:943 arg1 aminolipid 975:984 one unknown aminolipid 963:984 one unknown aminolipid 963:984 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 3 61 theme 97.8  484:488 arg1 % 489:489 % 489:489 % 489:489 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27528019 3 62 theme sequence 395:402 arg1 similarities 404:415 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities 383:415 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities 383:415 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27528019 4 63 theme DNA-DNA 530:536 arg1 value 550:554 The DNA-DNA relatedness value 526:554 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain 7578-24T and P. pueri YN3T 526:596 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain 7578-24T and P. pueri YN3T was 35 %. 27528019 4 63 theme DNA-DNA 530:536 arg1 % 605:605 35 % 602:605 35 % 602:605 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain 7578-24T and P. pueri YN3T was 35 %. 27528019 7 64 theme unknown 967:973 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 886:907 diphosphatidylglycerol 886:907 diphosphatidylglycerol 886:907 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 64 theme unknown 967:973 arg1 phospholipids 945:957 five unknown phospholipids 932:957 five unknown phospholipids 932:957 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 64 theme unknown 967:973 arg1 lipids 1007:1012 the major polar lipids 991:1012 the major polar lipids 991:1012 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 64 theme unknown 967:973 arg1 C18  773:776 C18  773:776 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 773:1013 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 64 theme unknown 967:973 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 910:929 phosphatidylglycerol 910:929 phosphatidylglycerol 910:929 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 7 64 theme unknown 967:973 arg1 aminolipid 975:984 one unknown aminolipid 963:984 one unknown aminolipid 963:984 C18 : 1ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. 27528019 2 65 theme er 195:196 arg1 tea 198:200 ripened Pu'er tea 184:200 ripened Pu'er tea 184:200 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 27528019 3 66 theme % 489:489 arg1 similarity 514:523 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 484:523 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 484:523 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27528019 5 67 theme meso-diaminopimelic 668:686 arg1 acid 688:691 meso-diaminopimelic acid 668:691 meso-diaminopimelic acid 668:691 Strain 7578-24T had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27528019 2 68 theme Pu 192:193 arg1 tea 198:200 ripened Pu'er tea 184:200 ripened Pu'er tea 184:200 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 27528019 3 69 from species 303:309 arg1 Sporolactobacillaceae 356:376 the family Sporolactobacillaceae 345:376 the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities 345:415 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27528019 2 70 theme ripened 184:190 arg1 tea 198:200 ripened Pu'er tea 184:200 ripened Pu'er tea 184:200 A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T was isolated from ripened Pu'er tea. 27528019 6 71 theme major 729:733 arg1 menaquinone 751:761 menaquinone 7 751:763 menaquinone 7 (MK-7) 751:770 The major menaquinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 27528019 6 71 theme major 729:733 arg1 menaquinone 735:745 The major menaquinone 725:745 The major menaquinone 725:745 The major menaquinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 27528019 10 72 from study 1332:1336 arg1 evidence 1313:1320 polyphasic evidence 1302:1320 polyphasic evidence from this study 1302:1336 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a novel species of the genus Pullulanibacillus named Pullulanibacillus camelliae sp. 27528019 10 73 dep evidence 1313:1320 arg1 the 1289:1291 the 1289:1291 the 1289:1291 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a novel species of the genus Pullulanibacillus named Pullulanibacillus camelliae sp. 27528019 10 73 dep evidence 1313:1320 arg1 basis 1293:1297 basis 1293:1297 basis 1293:1297 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a novel species of the genus Pullulanibacillus named Pullulanibacillus camelliae sp. 27528019 8 74 theme 7578-24T 1045:1052 arg1 content 1027:1033 The DNA G+C content 1015:1033 The DNA G+C content of strain 7578-24T 1015:1052 The DNA G+C content of strain 7578-24T was 45.2 mol%. 27528019 8 74 theme 7578-24T 1045:1052 arg1 % 1066:1066 45.2 mol% 1058:1066 45.2 mol% 1058:1066 The DNA G+C content of strain 7578-24T was 45.2 mol%. 27528019 3 75 dep Pullulanibacillus 450:466 arg1 pueri 468:472 pueri 468:472 pueri 468:472 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27528019 10 76 theme polyphasic 1302:1311 arg1 evidence 1313:1320 polyphasic evidence 1302:1320 polyphasic evidence from this study 1302:1336 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a novel species of the genus Pullulanibacillus named Pullulanibacillus camelliae sp. 27528019 3 77 theme gene 500:503 arg1 similarity 514:523 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 484:523 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 484:523 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27528019 9 78 theme phenotypic 1176:1185 arg1 characteristics 1187:1201 phenotypic characteristics 1176:1201 phenotypic characteristics 1176:1201 Strain 7578-24T could be differentiated from other related species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 27528019 9 78 theme phenotypic 1176:1185 arg1 differences 1219:1229 chemotaxonomic differences 1204:1229 chemotaxonomic differences 1204:1229 Strain 7578-24T could be differentiated from other related species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 27528019 9 78 theme phenotypic 1176:1185 arg1 analysis 1245:1252 phylogenetic analysis 1232:1252 phylogenetic analysis 1232:1252 Strain 7578-24T could be differentiated from other related species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 27528019 9 78 theme phenotypic 1176:1185 arg1 hybridization 1266:1278 DNA-DNA hybridization 1258:1278 DNA-DNA hybridization 1258:1278 Strain 7578-24T could be differentiated from other related species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 27528019 8 79 theme strain 1038:1043 arg1 7578-24T 1045:1052 strain 7578-24T 1038:1052 strain 7578-24T 1038:1052 The DNA G+C content of strain 7578-24T was 45.2 mol%. 27528019 9 80 theme chemotaxonomic 1204:1217 arg1 characteristics 1187:1201 phenotypic characteristics 1176:1201 phenotypic characteristics 1176:1201 Strain 7578-24T could be differentiated from other related species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 27528019 9 80 theme chemotaxonomic 1204:1217 arg1 differences 1219:1229 chemotaxonomic differences 1204:1229 chemotaxonomic differences 1204:1229 Strain 7578-24T could be differentiated from other related species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 27528019 9 81 theme Strain 1069:1074 arg1 7578-24T 1076:1083 Strain 7578-24T 1069:1083 Strain 7578-24T 1069:1083 Strain 7578-24T could be differentiated from other related species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data. 27528019 3 82 theme sequence 505:512 arg1 similarity 514:523 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 484:523 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 484:523 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8-95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27469463 14 0 theme strain 1504:1509 arg1 representative 1545:1558 a representative 1543:1558 a representative of a novel species of the genus Yimella, for which the name Yimella radicis sp 1543:1637 Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (especially the same peptidoglycan type) showed that strain py1292T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Yimella, for which the name Yimella radicis sp. 27469463 14 0 theme strain 1504:1509 arg1 py1292T 1511:1517 strain py1292T 1504:1517 strain py1292T 1504:1517 Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (especially the same peptidoglycan type) showed that strain py1292T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Yimella, for which the name Yimella radicis sp. 27469463 5 1 theme % 524:524 arg1 similarity 505:514 the highest similarity 493:514 the highest similarity of 99.1 % 493:524 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the family Dermacoccaceae and clustered with Yimella lutea (showing the highest similarity of 99.1 %). 27469463 5 2 theme Phylogenetic 348:359 arg1 analysis 361:368 Phylogenetic analysis 348:368 Phylogenetic analysis 348:368 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the family Dermacoccaceae and clustered with Yimella lutea (showing the highest similarity of 99.1 %). 27469463 14 3 theme Phylogenetic 1402:1413 arg1 data 1446:1449 Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1402:1449 Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (especially the same peptidoglycan type) 1402:1490 Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (especially the same peptidoglycan type) showed that strain py1292T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Yimella, for which the name Yimella radicis sp. 27469463 13 4 theme G+C 1358:1360 arg1 % 1399:1399 65.6 mol% 1391:1399 65.6 mol% 1391:1399 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 65.6 mol%. 27469463 13 4 theme G+C 1358:1360 arg1 content 1362:1368 The genomic DNA G+C content 1342:1368 The genomic DNA G+C content 1342:1368 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 65.6 mol%. 27469463 8 5 theme 0-9  759:762 arg1 % 763:763 % 763:763 % 763:763 It grew at pH 6.0-8.0, with 0-9 % NaCl and at 20-45 ºC, optimally at pH 7.0, with 0-3 % NaCl and at 28 ºC. 27469463 14 6 theme chemotaxonomic 1431:1444 arg1 data 1446:1449 Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1402:1449 Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (especially the same peptidoglycan type) 1402:1490 Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (especially the same peptidoglycan type) showed that strain py1292T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Yimella, for which the name Yimella radicis sp. 27469463 9 7 theme unknown 1042:1048 arg1 lipids 1056:1061 two unknown polar lipids 1038:1061 two unknown polar lipids 1038:1061 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, two unknown phospholipids and two unknown polar lipids. 27469463 16 8 theme 39612T=LMG 1692:1701 arg1 29070T 1703:1708 =KCTC 39612T=LMG 29070T 1686:1708 =KCTC 39612T=LMG 29070T 1686:1708 The type strain is py1292T (=KCTC 39612T=LMG 29070T). 27469463 16 8 theme 39612T=LMG 1692:1701 arg1 py1292T 1677:1683 py1292T 1677:1683 py1292T (=KCTC 39612T=LMG 29070T) 1677:1709 The type strain is py1292T (=KCTC 39612T=LMG 29070T). 27469463 7 9 theme Gram-staining-positive 671:692 arg1 rod 694:696 a Gram-staining-positive rod 669:696 a Gram-staining-positive rod 669:696 The novel isolate was found to be a Gram-staining-positive rod, catalase- and oxidase-positive. 27469463 7 9 theme Gram-staining-positive 671:692 arg1 isolate 645:651 The novel isolate 635:651 The novel isolate 635:651 The novel isolate was found to be a Gram-staining-positive rod, catalase- and oxidase-positive. 27469463 9 10 theme predominant 842:852 arg1 MK-8 870:873 MK-8 870:873 MK-8(H4) 870:877 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, two unknown phospholipids and two unknown polar lipids. 27469463 9 10 theme predominant 842:852 arg1 menaquinone 854:864 The predominant menaquinone 838:864 The predominant menaquinone 838:864 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, two unknown phospholipids and two unknown polar lipids. 27469463 14 11 theme name 1615:1618 arg1 sp 1636:1637 the name Yimella radicis sp 1611:1637 the name Yimella radicis sp 1611:1637 Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (especially the same peptidoglycan type) showed that strain py1292T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Yimella, for which the name Yimella radicis sp. 27469463 3 12 theme var 234:236 arg1 root 203:206 the root 199:206 the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var 199:236 An endophytic actinobacterial strain, designated py1292T, was isolated from the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var. 27469463 9 13 theme phosphatidylinositol 976:995 arg1 mannoside 997:1005 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 976:1005 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 976:1005 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, two unknown phospholipids and two unknown polar lipids. 27469463 13 14 theme DNA 1354:1356 arg1 % 1399:1399 65.6 mol% 1391:1399 65.6 mol% 1391:1399 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 65.6 mol%. 27469463 13 14 theme DNA 1354:1356 arg1 content 1362:1368 The genomic DNA G+C content 1342:1368 The genomic DNA G+C content 1342:1368 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 65.6 mol%. 27469463 14 15 theme novel 1565:1569 arg1 species 1571:1577 a novel species 1563:1577 a novel species 1563:1577 Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (especially the same peptidoglycan type) showed that strain py1292T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Yimella, for which the name Yimella radicis sp. 27469463 14 16 theme peptidoglycan 1472:1484 arg1 type 1486:1489 the same peptidoglycan type 1463:1489 especially the same peptidoglycan type 1452:1489 Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (especially the same peptidoglycan type) showed that strain py1292T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Yimella, for which the name Yimella radicis sp. 27469463 5 17 dep isolate 414:420 arg1 Dermacoccaceae 436:449 the family Dermacoccaceae 425:449 the family Dermacoccaceae 425:449 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the family Dermacoccaceae and clustered with Yimella lutea (showing the highest similarity of 99.1 %). 27469463 6 18 theme YIM 584:586 arg1 45900T 588:593 Y. lutea YIM 45900T 575:593 Y. lutea YIM 45900T 575:593 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain py1292T and Y. lutea YIM 45900T was 45.6±3.2 % (reciprocal 47.8±3.6 %). 27469463 3 19 attach isolated 185:192 arg2 strain 153:158 An endophytic actinobacterial strain 123:158 An endophytic actinobacterial strain 123:158 An endophytic actinobacterial strain, designated py1292T, was isolated from the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var. 27469463 3 19 attach isolated 185:192 arg1 root 203:206 the root 199:206 the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var 199:236 An endophytic actinobacterial strain, designated py1292T, was isolated from the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var. 27469463 0 20 theme radicis 8:14 arg1 sp 16:17 Yimella radicis sp 0:17 Yimella radicis sp. 0:18 Yimella radicis sp. 27469463 12 21 theme aspartic 1301:1308 arg1 acid 1310:1313 aspartic acid 1301:1313 aspartic acid 1301:1313 The peptidoglycan contained alanine, glycine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and lysine. 27469463 11 22 theme whole-cell 1163:1172 arg1 hydrolysates 1174:1185 The whole-cell hydrolysates 1159:1185 The whole-cell hydrolysates 1159:1185 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose and galactose. 27469463 14 23 theme same 1467:1470 arg1 type 1486:1489 the same peptidoglycan type 1463:1489 especially the same peptidoglycan type 1452:1489 Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (especially the same peptidoglycan type) showed that strain py1292T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Yimella, for which the name Yimella radicis sp. 27469463 5 24 theme highest 497:503 arg1 similarity 505:514 the highest similarity 493:514 the highest similarity of 99.1 % 493:524 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the family Dermacoccaceae and clustered with Yimella lutea (showing the highest similarity of 99.1 %). 27469463 14 25 theme Yimella 1620:1626 arg1 sp 1636:1637 the name Yimella radicis sp 1611:1637 the name Yimella radicis sp 1611:1637 Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (especially the same peptidoglycan type) showed that strain py1292T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Yimella, for which the name Yimella radicis sp. 27469463 0 26 theme Yimella 0:6 arg1 sp 16:17 Yimella radicis sp 0:17 Yimella radicis sp. 0:18 Yimella radicis sp. 27469463 1 27 attach isolated 56:63 arg2 actinobacterium 40:54 an endophytic actinobacterium 26:54 an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var 26:107 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var. 27469463 1 27 attach isolated 56:63 arg1 root 74:77 the root 70:77 the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var 70:107 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var. 27469463 8 28 theme 0-3  813:816 arg1 % 817:817 % 817:817 % 817:817 It grew at pH 6.0-8.0, with 0-9 % NaCl and at 20-45 ºC, optimally at pH 7.0, with 0-3 % NaCl and at 28 ºC. 27469463 8 29 theme % 763:763 arg1 NaCl 765:768 0-9 % NaCl 759:768 0-9 % NaCl 759:768 It grew at pH 6.0-8.0, with 0-9 % NaCl and at 20-45 ºC, optimally at pH 7.0, with 0-3 % NaCl and at 28 ºC. 27469463 6 30 theme lutea 578:582 arg1 45900T 588:593 Y. lutea YIM 45900T 575:593 Y. lutea YIM 45900T 575:593 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain py1292T and Y. lutea YIM 45900T was 45.6±3.2 % (reciprocal 47.8±3.6 %). 27469463 9 31 theme unknown 1012:1018 arg1 phospholipids 1020:1032 two unknown phospholipids 1008:1032 two unknown phospholipids 1008:1032 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, two unknown phospholipids and two unknown polar lipids. 27469463 6 32 theme Y. 575:576 arg1 45900T 588:593 Y. lutea YIM 45900T 575:593 Y. lutea YIM 45900T 575:593 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain py1292T and Y. lutea YIM 45900T was 45.6±3.2 % (reciprocal 47.8±3.6 %). 27469463 14 33 theme species 1571:1577 arg1 representative 1545:1558 a representative 1543:1558 a representative of a novel species of the genus Yimella, for which the name Yimella radicis sp 1543:1637 Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (especially the same peptidoglycan type) showed that strain py1292T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Yimella, for which the name Yimella radicis sp. 27469463 14 33 theme species 1571:1577 arg1 py1292T 1511:1517 strain py1292T 1504:1517 strain py1292T 1504:1517 Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (especially the same peptidoglycan type) showed that strain py1292T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Yimella, for which the name Yimella radicis sp. 27469463 14 34 dep data 1446:1449 arg1 type 1486:1489 the same peptidoglycan type 1463:1489 especially the same peptidoglycan type 1452:1489 Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (especially the same peptidoglycan type) showed that strain py1292T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Yimella, for which the name Yimella radicis sp. 27469463 5 35 theme Yimella 470:476 arg1 lutea 478:482 Yimella lutea 470:482 Yimella lutea (showing the highest similarity of 99.1 %) 470:525 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the family Dermacoccaceae and clustered with Yimella lutea (showing the highest similarity of 99.1 %). 27469463 14 36 theme radicis 1628:1634 arg1 sp 1636:1637 the name Yimella radicis sp 1611:1637 the name Yimella radicis sp 1611:1637 Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (especially the same peptidoglycan type) showed that strain py1292T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Yimella, for which the name Yimella radicis sp. 27469463 13 37 theme mol 1396:1398 arg1 % 1399:1399 65.6 mol% 1391:1399 65.6 mol% 1391:1399 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 65.6 mol%. 27469463 13 37 theme mol 1396:1398 arg1 content 1362:1368 The genomic DNA G+C content 1342:1368 The genomic DNA G+C content 1342:1368 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 65.6 mol%. 27469463 8 38 theme % 817:817 arg1 NaCl 819:822 0-3 % NaCl 813:822 0-3 % NaCl 813:822 It grew at pH 6.0-8.0, with 0-9 % NaCl and at 20-45 ºC, optimally at pH 7.0, with 0-3 % NaCl and at 28 ºC. 27469463 14 39 theme Yimella 1592:1598 arg1 species 1571:1577 a novel species 1563:1577 a novel species 1563:1577 Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (especially the same peptidoglycan type) showed that strain py1292T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Yimella, for which the name Yimella radicis sp. 27469463 10 40 theme cellular 1074:1081 arg1 iso-C15  1100:1107 iso-C15  1100:1107 iso-C15  1100:1107 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27469463 10 40 theme cellular 1074:1081 arg1 acids 1089:1093 The major cellular fatty acids 1064:1093 The major cellular fatty acids 1064:1093 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27469463 7 41 theme catalase- 699:707 arg1 rod 694:696 a Gram-staining-positive rod 669:696 a Gram-staining-positive rod 669:696 The novel isolate was found to be a Gram-staining-positive rod, catalase- and oxidase-positive. 27469463 7 41 theme catalase- 699:707 arg1 isolate 645:651 The novel isolate 635:651 The novel isolate 635:651 The novel isolate was found to be a Gram-staining-positive rod, catalase- and oxidase-positive. 27469463 4 42 theme taxonomic 320:328 arg1 characterization 330:345 a polyphasic taxonomic characterization 307:345 a polyphasic taxonomic characterization 307:345 yunnanensis collected from Yunnan province, China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. 27469463 13 43 theme genomic 1346:1352 arg1 % 1399:1399 65.6 mol% 1391:1399 65.6 mol% 1391:1399 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 65.6 mol%. 27469463 13 43 theme genomic 1346:1352 arg1 content 1362:1368 The genomic DNA G+C content 1342:1368 The genomic DNA G+C content 1342:1368 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 65.6 mol%. 27469463 6 44 theme strain 556:561 arg1 py1292T 563:569 strain py1292T 556:569 strain py1292T 556:569 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain py1292T and Y. lutea YIM 45900T was 45.6±3.2 % (reciprocal 47.8±3.6 %). 27469463 10 45 theme major 1068:1072 arg1 iso-C15  1100:1107 iso-C15  1100:1107 iso-C15  1100:1107 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27469463 10 45 theme major 1068:1072 arg1 acids 1089:1093 The major cellular fatty acids 1064:1093 The major cellular fatty acids 1064:1093 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27469463 12 46 contain contained 1265:1273 arg1 peptidoglycan 1251:1263 The peptidoglycan 1247:1263 The peptidoglycan 1247:1263 The peptidoglycan contained alanine, glycine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and lysine. 27469463 12 46 contain contained 1265:1273 arg2 lysine 1334:1339 lysine 1334:1339 lysine 1334:1339 The peptidoglycan contained alanine, glycine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and lysine. 27469463 12 46 contain contained 1265:1273 arg2 glycine 1284:1290 glycine 1284:1290 glycine 1284:1290 The peptidoglycan contained alanine, glycine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and lysine. 27469463 12 46 contain contained 1265:1273 arg2 acid 1325:1328 glutamic acid 1316:1328 glutamic acid 1316:1328 The peptidoglycan contained alanine, glycine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and lysine. 27469463 12 46 contain contained 1265:1273 arg2 serine 1293:1298 serine 1293:1298 serine 1293:1298 The peptidoglycan contained alanine, glycine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and lysine. 27469463 12 46 contain contained 1265:1273 arg2 acid 1310:1313 aspartic acid 1301:1313 aspartic acid 1301:1313 The peptidoglycan contained alanine, glycine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and lysine. 27469463 12 46 contain contained 1265:1273 arg2 alanine 1275:1281 alanine 1275:1281 alanine 1275:1281 The peptidoglycan contained alanine, glycine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and lysine. 27469463 4 47 theme polyphasic 309:318 arg1 characterization 330:345 a polyphasic taxonomic characterization 307:345 a polyphasic taxonomic characterization 307:345 yunnanensis collected from Yunnan province, China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. 27469463 16 48 theme =KCTC 1686:1690 arg1 29070T 1703:1708 =KCTC 39612T=LMG 29070T 1686:1708 =KCTC 39612T=LMG 29070T 1686:1708 The type strain is py1292T (=KCTC 39612T=LMG 29070T). 27469463 16 48 theme =KCTC 1686:1690 arg1 py1292T 1677:1683 py1292T 1677:1683 py1292T (=KCTC 39612T=LMG 29070T) 1677:1709 The type strain is py1292T (=KCTC 39612T=LMG 29070T). 27469463 7 49 theme novel 639:643 arg1 rod 694:696 a Gram-staining-positive rod 669:696 a Gram-staining-positive rod 669:696 The novel isolate was found to be a Gram-staining-positive rod, catalase- and oxidase-positive. 27469463 7 49 theme novel 639:643 arg1 isolate 645:651 The novel isolate 635:651 The novel isolate 635:651 The novel isolate was found to be a Gram-staining-positive rod, catalase- and oxidase-positive. 27469463 9 50 theme polar 1050:1054 arg1 lipids 1056:1061 two unknown polar lipids 1038:1061 two unknown polar lipids 1038:1061 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, two unknown phospholipids and two unknown polar lipids. 27469463 1 51 theme var 105:107 arg1 root 74:77 the root 70:77 the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var 70:107 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var. 27469463 9 52 theme polar 890:894 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 908:929 diphosphatidylglycerol 908:929 diphosphatidylglycerol 908:929 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, two unknown phospholipids and two unknown polar lipids. 27469463 9 52 theme polar 890:894 arg1 lipids 896:901 the polar lipids 886:901 the polar lipids 886:901 The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, two unknown phospholipids and two unknown polar lipids. 27469463 14 53 theme genus 1586:1590 arg1 Yimella 1592:1598 the genus Yimella 1582:1598 the genus Yimella 1582:1598 Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (especially the same peptidoglycan type) showed that strain py1292T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Yimella, for which the name Yimella radicis sp. 27469463 1 54 dep actinobacterium 40:54 arg1 nov. 20:23 nov. 20:23 nov. 20:23 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var. 27469463 5 55 theme family 429:434 arg1 Dermacoccaceae 436:449 the family Dermacoccaceae 425:449 the family Dermacoccaceae 425:449 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the family Dermacoccaceae and clustered with Yimella lutea (showing the highest similarity of 99.1 %). 27469463 5 56 theme 16S 379:381 arg1 sequences 393:401 16S rRNA gene sequences 379:401 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the family Dermacoccaceae 379:449 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the family Dermacoccaceae and clustered with Yimella lutea (showing the highest similarity of 99.1 %). 27469463 10 57 dep iso-C15  1100:1107 arg1  0 1135:1136  0 1135:1136  0 1135:1136 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27469463 10 57 dep iso-C15  1100:1107 arg1  0 1122:1123  0 1122:1123  0 1122:1123 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27469463 10 57 dep iso-C15  1100:1107 arg1  0 1155:1156  0 1155:1156  0 1155:1156 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27469463 10 57 dep iso-C15  1100:1107 arg1  0 1109:1110  0 1109:1110  0 1109:1110 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27469463 10 57 dep iso-C15  1100:1107 arg1 anteiso-C17  1142:1153 anteiso-C17  1142:1153 anteiso-C17  1142:1153 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27469463 11 58 contain contained 1187:1195 arg1 hydrolysates 1174:1185 The whole-cell hydrolysates 1159:1185 The whole-cell hydrolysates 1159:1185 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose and galactose. 27469463 11 58 contain contained 1187:1195 arg2 ribose 1206:1211 ribose 1206:1211 ribose 1206:1211 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose and galactose. 27469463 11 58 contain contained 1187:1195 arg2 rhamnose 1214:1221 rhamnose 1214:1221 rhamnose 1214:1221 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose and galactose. 27469463 11 58 contain contained 1187:1195 arg2 mannose 1197:1203 mannose 1197:1203 mannose 1197:1203 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose and galactose. 27469463 11 58 contain contained 1187:1195 arg2 glucose 1224:1230 glucose 1224:1230 glucose 1224:1230 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose and galactose. 27469463 11 58 contain contained 1187:1195 arg2 galactose 1236:1244 galactose 1236:1244 galactose 1236:1244 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose and galactose. 27469463 3 59 theme endophytic 126:135 arg1 strain 153:158 An endophytic actinobacterial strain 123:158 An endophytic actinobacterial strain 123:158 An endophytic actinobacterial strain, designated py1292T, was isolated from the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var. 27469463 16 60 theme type 1662:1665 arg1 strain 1667:1672 The type strain 1658:1672 The type strain 1658:1672 The type strain is py1292T (=KCTC 39612T=LMG 29070T). 27469463 16 60 theme type 1662:1665 arg1 py1292T 1677:1683 py1292T 1677:1683 py1292T (=KCTC 39612T=LMG 29070T) 1677:1709 The type strain is py1292T (=KCTC 39612T=LMG 29070T). 27469463 5 61 theme rRNA 383:386 arg1 sequences 393:401 16S rRNA gene sequences 379:401 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the family Dermacoccaceae 379:449 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the family Dermacoccaceae and clustered with Yimella lutea (showing the highest similarity of 99.1 %). 27469463 3 62 theme actinobacterial 137:151 arg1 strain 153:158 An endophytic actinobacterial strain 123:158 An endophytic actinobacterial strain 123:158 An endophytic actinobacterial strain, designated py1292T, was isolated from the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var. 27469463 6 63 theme reciprocal 611:620 arg1 % 608:608 45.6±3.2 % 599:608 45.6±3.2 % (reciprocal 47.8±3.6 %) 599:632 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain py1292T and Y. lutea YIM 45900T was 45.6±3.2 % (reciprocal 47.8±3.6 %). 27469463 6 63 theme reciprocal 611:620 arg1 % 631:631 reciprocal 47.8±3.6 % 611:631 reciprocal 47.8±3.6 % 611:631 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain py1292T and Y. lutea YIM 45900T was 45.6±3.2 % (reciprocal 47.8±3.6 %). 27469463 5 64 theme gene 388:391 arg1 sequences 393:401 16S rRNA gene sequences 379:401 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the family Dermacoccaceae 379:449 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the family Dermacoccaceae and clustered with Yimella lutea (showing the highest similarity of 99.1 %). 27469463 6 65 theme DNA-DNA 528:534 arg1 relatedness 536:546 DNA-DNA relatedness 528:546 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain py1292T and Y. lutea YIM 45900T 528:593 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain py1292T and Y. lutea YIM 45900T was 45.6±3.2 % (reciprocal 47.8±3.6 %). 27469463 12 66 theme glutamic 1316:1323 arg1 acid 1325:1328 glutamic acid 1316:1328 glutamic acid 1316:1328 The peptidoglycan contained alanine, glycine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and lysine. 27469463 1 67 theme endophytic 29:38 arg1 actinobacterium 40:54 an endophytic actinobacterium 26:54 an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var 26:107 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var. 27469463 14 68 theme phenotypic 1416:1425 arg1 data 1446:1449 Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1402:1449 Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (especially the same peptidoglycan type) 1402:1490 Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (especially the same peptidoglycan type) showed that strain py1292T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Yimella, for which the name Yimella radicis sp. 27469463 7 69 theme oxidase-positive 713:728 arg1 rod 694:696 a Gram-staining-positive rod 669:696 a Gram-staining-positive rod 669:696 The novel isolate was found to be a Gram-staining-positive rod, catalase- and oxidase-positive. 27469463 7 69 theme oxidase-positive 713:728 arg1 isolate 645:651 The novel isolate 635:651 The novel isolate 635:651 The novel isolate was found to be a Gram-staining-positive rod, catalase- and oxidase-positive. 27469463 10 70 theme fatty 1083:1087 arg1 iso-C15  1100:1107 iso-C15  1100:1107 iso-C15  1100:1107 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27469463 10 70 theme fatty 1083:1087 arg1 acids 1089:1093 The major cellular fatty acids 1064:1093 The major cellular fatty acids 1064:1093 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27126386 7 0 dep similarity 1133:1142 arg1 % 1112:1112 % 1112:1112 % 1112:1112 Furthermore, DDH estimation based on genomes analysis indicated only 19.9 % overall nucleotide similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus DSM 15939T. 27126386 5 1 dep Anoxybacillus 836:848 arg1 caldiproteolyticus 850:867 caldiproteolyticus 850:867 caldiproteolyticus 850:867 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 5 2 theme strain 579:584 arg1 GSsed3T 586:592 strain GSsed3T 579:592 strain GSsed3T 579:592 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 2 3 theme novel 149:153 arg1 bacterium 173:181 A novel endospore-forming bacterium 147:181 A novel endospore-forming bacterium designated strain GSsed3T 147:207 A novel endospore-forming bacterium designated strain GSsed3T was isolated from deposits clogging aboveground filters from the geothermal power platform of Groß Schönebeck in northern Germany. 27126386 5 4 theme sequence 649:656 arg1 similarity 658:667 99.8 % sequence similarity 642:667 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T 642:700 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 5 5 theme 16S 530:532 arg1 similarity 553:562 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 526:562 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 526:562 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 5 6 theme Anoxybacillus 905:917 arg1 MR3CT 932:936 Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT 905:936 Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT 905:936 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 3 7 theme novel 344:348 arg1 Gram-staining-positive 362:383 Gram-staining-positive 362:383 Gram-staining-positive 362:383 The novel isolate was Gram-staining-positive, facultatively anaerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. 27126386 3 7 theme novel 344:348 arg1 anaerobic 400:408 anaerobic 400:408 anaerobic 400:408 The novel isolate was Gram-staining-positive, facultatively anaerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. 27126386 3 7 theme novel 344:348 arg1 isolate 350:356 The novel isolate 340:356 The novel isolate 340:356 The novel isolate was Gram-staining-positive, facultatively anaerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. 27126386 3 7 theme novel 344:348 arg1 oxidase-positive 433:448 oxidase-positive 433:448 oxidase-positive 433:448 The novel isolate was Gram-staining-positive, facultatively anaerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. 27126386 3 7 theme novel 344:348 arg1 catalase-positive 411:427 catalase-positive 411:427 catalase-positive 411:427 The novel isolate was Gram-staining-positive, facultatively anaerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. 27126386 7 8 theme Anoxybacillus 1147:1159 arg1 15939T 1178:1183 Anoxybacillus amylolyticus DSM 15939T 1147:1183 Anoxybacillus amylolyticus DSM 15939T 1147:1183 Furthermore, DDH estimation based on genomes analysis indicated only 19.9 % overall nucleotide similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus DSM 15939T. 27126386 16 9 theme type 1931:1934 arg1 GSsed3T 1976:1982 GSsed3T 1976:1982 GSsed3T (=CCOS808T =ATCC BAA2555T) 1976:2009 The type strain of Anoxybacillus geothermalis is GSsed3T (=CCOS808T =ATCC BAA2555T). 27126386 16 9 theme type 1931:1934 arg1 strain 1936:1941 The type strain 1927:1941 The type strain of Anoxybacillus geothermalis 1927:1971 The type strain of Anoxybacillus geothermalis is GSsed3T (=CCOS808T =ATCC BAA2555T). 27126386 1 10 theme mineral 105:111 arg1 deposits 113:120 mineral deposits 105:120 mineral deposits in a geothermal station 105:144 nov., a facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from mineral deposits in a geothermal station. 27126386 1 11 attach isolated 91:98 arg1 deposits 113:120 mineral deposits 105:120 mineral deposits in a geothermal station 105:144 nov., a facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from mineral deposits in a geothermal station. 27126386 1 11 attach isolated 91:98 arg2 bacterium 81:89 a facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium 36:89 a facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from mineral deposits in a geothermal station 36:144 nov., a facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from mineral deposits in a geothermal station. 27126386 5 12 theme 97.6  884:888 arg1 % 889:889 % 889:889 % 889:889 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 6 13 theme Anoxybacillus 1002:1014 arg1 DSM 1026:1028 Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127T 1002:1035 Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127T 1002:1035 DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) indicated only 16 % relatedness to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127T. 27126386 7 14 theme overall 1114:1120 arg1 similarity 1133:1142 only 19.9 % overall nucleotide similarity 1102:1142 only 19.9 % overall nucleotide similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus DSM 15939T 1102:1183 Furthermore, DDH estimation based on genomes analysis indicated only 19.9 % overall nucleotide similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus DSM 15939T. 27126386 9 15 theme unknown 1343:1349 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1351:1367 one unknown phosphoglycolipid 1339:1367 one unknown phosphoglycolipid 1339:1367 The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid and one unknown phospholipid. 27126386 16 16 theme geothermalis 1960:1971 arg1 GSsed3T 1976:1982 GSsed3T 1976:1982 GSsed3T (=CCOS808T =ATCC BAA2555T) 1976:2009 The type strain of Anoxybacillus geothermalis is GSsed3T (=CCOS808T =ATCC BAA2555T). 27126386 16 16 theme geothermalis 1960:1971 arg1 strain 1936:1941 The type strain 1927:1941 The type strain of Anoxybacillus geothermalis 1927:1971 The type strain of Anoxybacillus geothermalis is GSsed3T (=CCOS808T =ATCC BAA2555T). 27126386 6 17 dep relatedness 987:997 arg1 % 985:985 % 985:985 % 985:985 DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) indicated only 16 % relatedness to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127T. 27126386 1 18 dep bacterium 81:89 arg1 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov., a facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from mineral deposits in a geothermal station. 27126386 5 19 theme % 708:708 arg1 similarity 710:719 98.2 % similarity 703:719 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T 703:755 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 2 20 theme aboveground 245:255 arg1 filters 257:263 deposits clogging aboveground filters 227:263 deposits clogging aboveground filters 227:263 A novel endospore-forming bacterium designated strain GSsed3T was isolated from deposits clogging aboveground filters from the geothermal power platform of Groß Schönebeck in northern Germany. 27126386 10 21 dep iso-C15  1441:1448 arg1  0 1505:1506  0 1505:1506  0 1505:1506 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27126386 10 21 dep iso-C15  1441:1448 arg1 C16  1467:1470 C16  1467:1470 C16  1467:1470 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27126386 10 21 dep iso-C15  1441:1448 arg1  0 1485:1486  0 1485:1486  0 1485:1486 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27126386 10 21 dep iso-C15  1441:1448 arg1  0 1450:1451  0 1450:1451  0 1450:1451 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27126386 10 21 dep iso-C15  1441:1448 arg1 anteiso-C17  1492:1503 anteiso-C17  1492:1503 anteiso-C17  1492:1503 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27126386 10 21 dep iso-C15  1441:1448 arg1  0 1472:1473  0 1472:1473  0 1472:1473 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27126386 1 22 theme geothermal 127:136 arg1 station 138:144 a geothermal station 125:144 a geothermal station 125:144 nov., a facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from mineral deposits in a geothermal station. 27126386 9 23 theme unknown 1377:1383 arg1 phospholipid 1385:1396 one unknown phospholipid 1373:1396 one unknown phospholipid 1373:1396 The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid and one unknown phospholipid. 27126386 5 24 theme gene 539:542 arg1 similarity 553:562 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 526:562 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 526:562 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 12 25 theme mol 1608:1610 arg1 % 1611:1611 46.9 mol% 1603:1611 46.9 mol% 1603:1611 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 46.9 mol%. 27126386 12 25 theme mol 1608:1610 arg1 content 1577:1583 The genomic DNA G+C content 1557:1583 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain 1557:1597 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 46.9 mol%. 27126386 4 26 theme % 489:489 arg1 NaCl 497:500 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl 485:500 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl 485:500 Optimum growth occurred at 60 °C, 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl and pH 7-8. 27126386 5 27 theme voinovskiensis 793:806 arg1 TH13T 808:812 Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T 779:812 Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T 779:812 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 2 28 theme geothermal 274:283 arg1 platform 291:298 the geothermal power platform 270:298 the geothermal power platform of Groß Schönebeck in northern Germany 270:337 A novel endospore-forming bacterium designated strain GSsed3T was isolated from deposits clogging aboveground filters from the geothermal power platform of Groß Schönebeck in northern Germany. 27126386 5 29 theme similarity 553:562 arg1 Analysis 514:521 Analysis 514:521 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 514:562 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 5 30 dep Anoxybacillus 724:736 arg1 tepidamans 738:747 tepidamans 738:747 tepidamans 738:747 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 14 31 theme name 1873:1876 arg1 sp 1905:1906 the name Anoxybacillus geothermalis sp 1869:1906 the name Anoxybacillus geothermalis sp 1869:1906 Therefore, strain GSsed3T is considered to be a representative of a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, for which the name Anoxybacillus geothermalis sp. 27126386 5 32 theme % 763:763 arg1 similarity 765:774 97.9 % similarity 758:774 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T 758:812 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 13 33 theme genus 1742:1746 arg1 species 1727:1733 related species 1719:1733 related species of the genus 1719:1746 The phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization indicated that strain GSsed3T differs from related species of the genus. 27126386 10 34 theme predominant 1403:1413 arg1 acids 1430:1434 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1399:1434 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1399:1434 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27126386 10 34 theme predominant 1403:1413 arg1 iso-C15  1441:1448 iso-C15  1441:1448 iso-C15  1441:1448 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27126386 0 35 theme Anoxybacillusgeothermalis 0:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Anoxybacillusgeothermalis sp 0:27 Anoxybacillusgeothermalis sp. 0:28 Anoxybacillusgeothermalis sp. 27126386 5 36 theme genus 610:614 arg1 Anoxybacillus 616:628 the genus Anoxybacillus 606:628 the genus Anoxybacillus 606:628 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 7 37 theme amylolyticus 1161:1172 arg1 15939T 1178:1183 Anoxybacillus amylolyticus DSM 15939T 1147:1183 Anoxybacillus amylolyticus DSM 15939T 1147:1183 Furthermore, DDH estimation based on genomes analysis indicated only 19.9 % overall nucleotide similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus DSM 15939T. 27126386 13 38 theme related 1719:1725 arg1 species 1727:1733 related species 1719:1733 related species of the genus 1719:1746 The phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization indicated that strain GSsed3T differs from related species of the genus. 27126386 11 39 theme A1γ 1536:1538 arg1 type 1527:1530 The peptidoglycan type 1509:1530 The peptidoglycan type 1509:1530 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ meso-Dpm-direct. 27126386 11 39 theme A1γ 1536:1538 arg1 meso-Dpm-direct 1540:1554 A1γ meso-Dpm-direct 1536:1554 A1γ meso-Dpm-direct 1536:1554 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ meso-Dpm-direct. 27126386 5 40 theme sequence 544:551 arg1 similarity 553:562 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 526:562 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 526:562 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 12 41 theme G+C 1573:1575 arg1 % 1611:1611 46.9 mol% 1603:1611 46.9 mol% 1603:1611 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 46.9 mol%. 27126386 12 41 theme G+C 1573:1575 arg1 content 1577:1583 The genomic DNA G+C content 1557:1583 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain 1557:1597 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 46.9 mol%. 27126386 3 42 dep Gram-staining-positive 362:383 arg1 Gram-staining-positive 362:383 Gram-staining-positive 362:383 Gram-staining-positive 362:383 The novel isolate was Gram-staining-positive, facultatively anaerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. 27126386 3 42 dep Gram-staining-positive 362:383 arg1 anaerobic 400:408 anaerobic 400:408 anaerobic 400:408 The novel isolate was Gram-staining-positive, facultatively anaerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. 27126386 3 42 dep Gram-staining-positive 362:383 arg1 isolate 350:356 The novel isolate 340:356 The novel isolate 340:356 The novel isolate was Gram-staining-positive, facultatively anaerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. 27126386 3 42 dep Gram-staining-positive 362:383 arg1 oxidase-positive 433:448 oxidase-positive 433:448 oxidase-positive 433:448 The novel isolate was Gram-staining-positive, facultatively anaerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. 27126386 3 42 dep Gram-staining-positive 362:383 arg1 catalase-positive 411:427 catalase-positive 411:427 catalase-positive 411:427 The novel isolate was Gram-staining-positive, facultatively anaerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. 27126386 10 43 theme fatty 1424:1428 arg1 acids 1430:1434 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1399:1434 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1399:1434 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27126386 10 43 theme fatty 1424:1428 arg1 iso-C15  1441:1448 iso-C15  1441:1448 iso-C15  1441:1448 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27126386 5 44 theme % 820:820 arg1 similarity 822:831 97.7 % similarity 815:831 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T 815:878 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 14 45 theme Anoxybacillus 1844:1856 arg1 species 1823:1829 a novel species 1815:1829 a novel species 1815:1829 Therefore, strain GSsed3T is considered to be a representative of a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, for which the name Anoxybacillus geothermalis sp. 27126386 13 46 theme strain 1691:1696 arg1 GSsed3T 1698:1704 strain GSsed3T 1691:1704 strain GSsed3T 1691:1704 The phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization indicated that strain GSsed3T differs from related species of the genus. 27126386 14 47 dep Anoxybacillus 1878:1890 arg1 geothermalis 1892:1903 geothermalis 1892:1903 geothermalis 1892:1903 Therefore, strain GSsed3T is considered to be a representative of a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, for which the name Anoxybacillus geothermalis sp. 27126386 7 48 theme DSM 1174:1176 arg1 15939T 1178:1183 Anoxybacillus amylolyticus DSM 15939T 1147:1183 Anoxybacillus amylolyticus DSM 15939T 1147:1183 Furthermore, DDH estimation based on genomes analysis indicated only 19.9 % overall nucleotide similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus DSM 15939T. 27126386 2 49 theme deposits 227:234 arg1 filters 257:263 deposits clogging aboveground filters 227:263 deposits clogging aboveground filters 227:263 A novel endospore-forming bacterium designated strain GSsed3T was isolated from deposits clogging aboveground filters from the geothermal power platform of Groß Schönebeck in northern Germany. 27126386 14 50 theme species 1823:1829 arg1 GSsed3T 1767:1773 strain GSsed3T 1760:1773 strain GSsed3T 1760:1773 Therefore, strain GSsed3T is considered to be a representative of a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, for which the name Anoxybacillus geothermalis sp. 27126386 14 50 theme species 1823:1829 arg1 representative 1797:1810 a representative 1795:1810 a representative of a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, for which the name Anoxybacillus geothermalis sp 1795:1906 Therefore, strain GSsed3T is considered to be a representative of a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, for which the name Anoxybacillus geothermalis sp. 27126386 12 51 theme genomic 1561:1567 arg1 % 1611:1611 46.9 mol% 1603:1611 46.9 mol% 1603:1611 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 46.9 mol%. 27126386 12 51 theme genomic 1561:1567 arg1 content 1577:1583 The genomic DNA G+C content 1557:1583 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain 1557:1597 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 46.9 mol%. 27126386 7 52 dep % 1112:1112 arg1 19.9  1107:1111 19.9  1107:1111 19.9  1107:1111 Furthermore, DDH estimation based on genomes analysis indicated only 19.9 % overall nucleotide similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus DSM 15939T. 27126386 8 53 theme respiratory 1196:1206 arg1 MK-8 1224:1227 MK-8 1224:1227 MK-8 1224:1227 The major respiratory menaquinone was MK-8. 27126386 8 53 theme respiratory 1196:1206 arg1 menaquinone 1208:1218 The major respiratory menaquinone 1186:1218 The major respiratory menaquinone 1186:1218 The major respiratory menaquinone was MK-8. 27126386 1 54 theme anaerobic 52:60 arg1 bacterium 81:89 a facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium 36:89 a facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from mineral deposits in a geothermal station 36:144 nov., a facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from mineral deposits in a geothermal station. 27126386 9 55 theme lipid 1240:1244 arg1 profile 1246:1252 The polar lipid profile 1230:1252 The polar lipid profile 1230:1252 The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid and one unknown phospholipid. 27126386 13 56 theme chemotaxonomic 1644:1657 arg1 characterization 1659:1674 The phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization 1614:1674 The phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization 1614:1674 The phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization indicated that strain GSsed3T differs from related species of the genus. 27126386 2 57 theme endospore-forming 155:171 arg1 bacterium 173:181 A novel endospore-forming bacterium 147:181 A novel endospore-forming bacterium designated strain GSsed3T 147:207 A novel endospore-forming bacterium designated strain GSsed3T was isolated from deposits clogging aboveground filters from the geothermal power platform of Groß Schönebeck in northern Germany. 27126386 5 58 theme % 647:647 arg1 similarity 658:667 99.8 % sequence similarity 642:667 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T 642:700 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 2 59 theme Schönebeck 308:317 arg1 platform 291:298 the geothermal power platform 270:298 the geothermal power platform of Groß Schönebeck in northern Germany 270:337 A novel endospore-forming bacterium designated strain GSsed3T was isolated from deposits clogging aboveground filters from the geothermal power platform of Groß Schönebeck in northern Germany. 27126386 6 60 theme DNA-DNA 939:945 arg1 hybridization 947:959 DNA-DNA hybridization 939:959 DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) 939:965 DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) indicated only 16 % relatedness to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127T. 27126386 6 60 theme DNA-DNA 939:945 arg1 DDH 962:964 DDH 962:964 DDH 962:964 DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) indicated only 16 % relatedness to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127T. 27126386 13 61 theme phenotypic 1618:1627 arg1 characterization 1659:1674 The phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization 1614:1674 The phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization 1614:1674 The phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization indicated that strain GSsed3T differs from related species of the genus. 27126386 5 62 theme rRNA 534:537 arg1 similarity 553:562 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 526:562 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 526:562 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 4 63 theme Optimum 451:457 arg1 growth 459:464 Optimum growth 451:464 Optimum growth 451:464 Optimum growth occurred at 60 °C, 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl and pH 7-8. 27126386 7 64 theme nucleotide 1122:1131 arg1 similarity 1133:1142 only 19.9 % overall nucleotide similarity 1102:1142 only 19.9 % overall nucleotide similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus DSM 15939T 1102:1183 Furthermore, DDH estimation based on genomes analysis indicated only 19.9 % overall nucleotide similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus DSM 15939T. 27126386 16 65 theme =CCOS808T 1985:1993 arg1 GSsed3T 1976:1982 GSsed3T 1976:1982 GSsed3T (=CCOS808T =ATCC BAA2555T) 1976:2009 The type strain of Anoxybacillus geothermalis is GSsed3T (=CCOS808T =ATCC BAA2555T). 27126386 16 65 theme =CCOS808T 1985:1993 arg1 BAA2555T 2001:2008 =CCOS808T =ATCC BAA2555T 1985:2008 =CCOS808T =ATCC BAA2555T 1985:2008 The type strain of Anoxybacillus geothermalis is GSsed3T (=CCOS808T =ATCC BAA2555T). 27126386 13 66 theme genotypic 1630:1638 arg1 characterization 1659:1674 The phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization 1614:1674 The phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization 1614:1674 The phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization indicated that strain GSsed3T differs from related species of the genus. 27126386 16 67 theme Anoxybacillus 1946:1958 arg1 geothermalis 1960:1971 Anoxybacillus geothermalis 1946:1971 Anoxybacillus geothermalis 1946:1971 The type strain of Anoxybacillus geothermalis is GSsed3T (=CCOS808T =ATCC BAA2555T). 27126386 6 68 theme rupiensis 1016:1024 arg1 DSM 1026:1028 Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127T 1002:1035 Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127T 1002:1035 DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) indicated only 16 % relatedness to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127T. 27126386 6 69 dep % 985:985 arg1 16  982:984 16  982:984 16  982:984 DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) indicated only 16 % relatedness to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127T. 27126386 1 70 dep anaerobic 52:60 arg1 endospore-forming 63:79 endospore-forming 63:79 endospore-forming 63:79 nov., a facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from mineral deposits in a geothermal station. 27126386 5 71 theme % 889:889 arg1 similarity 891:900 97.6 % similarity 884:900 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT 884:936 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 5 72 theme 98.2  703:707 arg1 similarity 710:719 98.2 % similarity 703:719 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T 703:755 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 14 73 theme strain 1760:1765 arg1 GSsed3T 1767:1773 strain GSsed3T 1760:1773 strain GSsed3T 1760:1773 Therefore, strain GSsed3T is considered to be a representative of a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, for which the name Anoxybacillus geothermalis sp. 27126386 14 73 theme strain 1760:1765 arg1 representative 1797:1810 a representative 1795:1810 a representative of a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, for which the name Anoxybacillus geothermalis sp 1795:1906 Therefore, strain GSsed3T is considered to be a representative of a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, for which the name Anoxybacillus geothermalis sp. 27126386 7 74 theme genomes 1075:1081 arg1 analysis 1083:1090 genomes analysis 1075:1090 genomes analysis 1075:1090 Furthermore, DDH estimation based on genomes analysis indicated only 19.9 % overall nucleotide similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus DSM 15939T. 27126386 5 75 theme Anoxybacillus 724:736 arg1 GS5-97T 749:755 Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T 724:755 Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T 724:755 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 4 76 theme 0.5  485:488 arg1 % 489:489 % 489:489 % 489:489 Optimum growth occurred at 60 °C, 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl and pH 7-8. 27126386 5 77 theme Anoxybacillus 779:791 arg1 TH13T 808:812 Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T 779:812 Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T 779:812 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 2 78 theme power 285:289 arg1 platform 291:298 the geothermal power platform 270:298 the geothermal power platform of Groß Schönebeck in northern Germany 270:337 A novel endospore-forming bacterium designated strain GSsed3T was isolated from deposits clogging aboveground filters from the geothermal power platform of Groß Schönebeck in northern Germany. 27126386 7 79 theme DDH 1051:1053 arg1 estimation 1055:1064 DDH estimation 1051:1064 DDH estimation based on genomes analysis 1051:1090 Furthermore, DDH estimation based on genomes analysis indicated only 19.9 % overall nucleotide similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus DSM 15939T. 27126386 14 80 theme Anoxybacillus 1878:1890 arg1 sp 1905:1906 the name Anoxybacillus geothermalis sp 1869:1906 the name Anoxybacillus geothermalis sp 1869:1906 Therefore, strain GSsed3T is considered to be a representative of a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, for which the name Anoxybacillus geothermalis sp. 27126386 12 81 theme strain 1592:1597 arg1 % 1611:1611 46.9 mol% 1603:1611 46.9 mol% 1603:1611 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 46.9 mol%. 27126386 12 81 theme strain 1592:1597 arg1 content 1577:1583 The genomic DNA G+C content 1557:1583 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain 1557:1597 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 46.9 mol%. 27126386 5 82 theme 97.9  758:762 arg1 similarity 765:774 97.9 % similarity 758:774 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T 758:812 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 10 83 theme cellular 1415:1422 arg1 acids 1430:1434 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1399:1434 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1399:1434 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27126386 10 83 theme cellular 1415:1422 arg1 iso-C15  1441:1448 iso-C15  1441:1448 iso-C15  1441:1448 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27126386 5 84 theme 99.8  642:646 arg1 % 647:647 % 647:647 % 647:647 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 14 85 theme novel 1817:1821 arg1 species 1823:1829 a novel species 1815:1829 a novel species 1815:1829 Therefore, strain GSsed3T is considered to be a representative of a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, for which the name Anoxybacillus geothermalis sp. 27126386 5 86 theme Anoxybacillus 836:848 arg1 15730T 873:878 Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T 836:878 Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T 836:878 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 2 87 attach isolated 213:220 arg2 bacterium 173:181 A novel endospore-forming bacterium 147:181 A novel endospore-forming bacterium designated strain GSsed3T 147:207 A novel endospore-forming bacterium designated strain GSsed3T was isolated from deposits clogging aboveground filters from the geothermal power platform of Groß Schönebeck in northern Germany. 27126386 2 87 attach isolated 213:220 arg1 platform 291:298 the geothermal power platform 270:298 the geothermal power platform of Groß Schönebeck in northern Germany 270:337 A novel endospore-forming bacterium designated strain GSsed3T was isolated from deposits clogging aboveground filters from the geothermal power platform of Groß Schönebeck in northern Germany. 27126386 2 87 attach isolated 213:220 arg1 filters 257:263 deposits clogging aboveground filters 227:263 deposits clogging aboveground filters 227:263 A novel endospore-forming bacterium designated strain GSsed3T was isolated from deposits clogging aboveground filters from the geothermal power platform of Groß Schönebeck in northern Germany. 27126386 5 88 theme DSM 869:871 arg1 15730T 873:878 Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T 836:878 Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T 836:878 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 11 89 theme peptidoglycan 1513:1525 arg1 type 1527:1530 The peptidoglycan type 1509:1530 The peptidoglycan type 1509:1530 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ meso-Dpm-direct. 27126386 11 89 theme peptidoglycan 1513:1525 arg1 meso-Dpm-direct 1540:1554 A1γ meso-Dpm-direct 1536:1554 A1γ meso-Dpm-direct 1536:1554 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ meso-Dpm-direct. 27126386 5 90 theme 97.7  815:819 arg1 similarity 822:831 97.7 % similarity 815:831 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T 815:878 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 12 91 theme DNA 1569:1571 arg1 % 1611:1611 46.9 mol% 1603:1611 46.9 mol% 1603:1611 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 46.9 mol%. 27126386 12 91 theme DNA 1569:1571 arg1 content 1577:1583 The genomic DNA G+C content 1557:1583 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain 1557:1597 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 46.9 mol%. 27126386 2 92 from platform 291:298 arg1 Germany 331:337 Germany 331:337 Germany 331:337 A novel endospore-forming bacterium designated strain GSsed3T was isolated from deposits clogging aboveground filters from the geothermal power platform of Groß Schönebeck in northern Germany. 27126386 2 93 theme strain 194:199 arg1 GSsed3T 201:207 strain GSsed3T 194:207 strain GSsed3T 194:207 A novel endospore-forming bacterium designated strain GSsed3T was isolated from deposits clogging aboveground filters from the geothermal power platform of Groß Schönebeck in northern Germany. 27126386 14 94 theme genus 1838:1842 arg1 Anoxybacillus 1844:1856 the genus Anoxybacillus 1834:1856 the genus Anoxybacillus 1834:1856 Therefore, strain GSsed3T is considered to be a representative of a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, for which the name Anoxybacillus geothermalis sp. 27126386 16 95 theme =ATCC 1995:1999 arg1 GSsed3T 1976:1982 GSsed3T 1976:1982 GSsed3T (=CCOS808T =ATCC BAA2555T) 1976:2009 The type strain of Anoxybacillus geothermalis is GSsed3T (=CCOS808T =ATCC BAA2555T). 27126386 16 95 theme =ATCC 1995:1999 arg1 BAA2555T 2001:2008 =CCOS808T =ATCC BAA2555T 1985:2008 =CCOS808T =ATCC BAA2555T 1985:2008 The type strain of Anoxybacillus geothermalis is GSsed3T (=CCOS808T =ATCC BAA2555T). 27126386 2 96 theme clogging 236:243 arg1 filters 257:263 deposits clogging aboveground filters 227:263 deposits clogging aboveground filters 227:263 A novel endospore-forming bacterium designated strain GSsed3T was isolated from deposits clogging aboveground filters from the geothermal power platform of Groß Schönebeck in northern Germany. 27126386 5 97 dep Anoxybacillus 905:917 arg1 amylolyticus 919:930 amylolyticus 919:930 amylolyticus 919:930 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. 27126386 1 98 from deposits 113:120 arg1 station 138:144 a geothermal station 125:144 a geothermal station 125:144 nov., a facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from mineral deposits in a geothermal station. 27126386 8 99 theme major 1190:1194 arg1 MK-8 1224:1227 MK-8 1224:1227 MK-8 1224:1227 The major respiratory menaquinone was MK-8. 27126386 8 99 theme major 1190:1194 arg1 menaquinone 1208:1218 The major respiratory menaquinone 1186:1218 The major respiratory menaquinone 1186:1218 The major respiratory menaquinone was MK-8. 27126386 4 100 dep % 489:489 arg1 w/v 492:494 w/v 492:494 w/v 492:494 Optimum growth occurred at 60 °C, 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl and pH 7-8. 27126386 9 101 theme polar 1234:1238 arg1 profile 1246:1252 The polar lipid profile 1230:1252 The polar lipid profile 1230:1252 The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid and one unknown phospholipid. 26358439 3 0 theme strain 301:306 arg1 PWB-003T 308:315 strain PWB-003T 301:315 strain PWB-003T 301:315 Data from the present polyphasic study indicated that strain PWB-003T represented a member of the genus Micromonospora. 26358439 11 1 theme fluostatini 1524:1534 arg1 sp 1536:1537 the name Micromonospora fluostatini sp 1500:1537 the name Micromonospora fluostatini sp 1500:1537 On the basis of these observations, strain PWB-003T could be distinguished from its closely related type strains and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora fluostatini sp. 26358439 7 2 theme fatty 619:623 arg1 acids 625:629 Cellular fatty acids 610:629 Cellular fatty acids 610:629 Cellular fatty acids comprised C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 26358439 8 3 theme novel 776:780 arg1 strain 782:787 the novel strain 772:787 the novel strain 772:787 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 8 3 theme novel 776:780 arg1 related 801:807 related 801:807 related 801:807 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 8 4 theme rRNA 732:735 arg1 similarity 751:760 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 728:760 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 728:769 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 9 5 theme 74.5 mol 1176:1183 arg1 content 1153:1159 The G+C content 1145:1159 The G+C content of the DNA 1145:1170 The G+C content of the DNA was 74.5 mol%. 26358439 9 5 theme 74.5 mol 1176:1183 arg1 % 1184:1184 74.5 mol% 1176:1184 74.5 mol% 1176:1184 The G+C content of the DNA was 74.5 mol%. 26358439 8 6 dep Micromonospora 1049:1062 arg1 sagamiensis 1064:1074 Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T 1049:1085 Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T 1049:1085 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 8 6 dep Micromonospora 1049:1062 arg1 43912T 1080:1085 DSM 43912T 1076:1085 Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T 1049:1085 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 10 7 dep 38.8 ± 1.1  1287:1297 arg1 to 1284:1285 to 1284:1285 to 1284:1285 DNA-DNA relatedness values among strain PWB-003T and related type strains ranged from 11.3 ± 1.3 to 38.8 ± 1.1 %. 26358439 8 8 theme 16S 728:730 arg1 similarity 751:760 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 728:760 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 728:769 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 11 9 theme Micromonospora 1509:1522 arg1 sp 1536:1537 the name Micromonospora fluostatini sp 1500:1537 the name Micromonospora fluostatini sp 1500:1537 On the basis of these observations, strain PWB-003T could be distinguished from its closely related type strains and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora fluostatini sp. 26358439 4 10 theme single 379:384 arg1 spores 386:391 single spores 379:391 single spores 379:391 It produced single spores on substrate mycelia and contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26358439 1 11 theme marine 51:56 arg1 sediment 58:65 marine sediment 51:65 marine sediment 51:65 nov., isolated from marine sediment. 26358439 10 12 theme related 1240:1246 arg1 strains 1253:1259 strain PWB-003T and related type strains 1220:1259 strain PWB-003T and related type strains 1220:1259 DNA-DNA relatedness values among strain PWB-003T and related type strains ranged from 11.3 ± 1.3 to 38.8 ± 1.1 %. 26358439 7 13 dep  0 662:663 arg1  0 679:680  0 679:680  0 679:680 Cellular fatty acids comprised C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 26358439 3 14 theme genus 345:349 arg1 Micromonospora 351:364 the genus Micromonospora 341:364 the genus Micromonospora 341:364 Data from the present polyphasic study indicated that strain PWB-003T represented a member of the genus Micromonospora. 26358439 8 15 theme Micromonospora 951:964 arg1 % 1141:1141 98.97 % 1135:1141 98.97 % 1135:1141 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 8 15 theme Micromonospora 951:964 arg1 12357T 1122:1127 Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T 812:1127 Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %) 812:1142 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 4 16 theme substrate 396:404 arg1 mycelia 406:412 substrate mycelia 396:412 substrate mycelia 396:412 It produced single spores on substrate mycelia and contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26358439 10 17 theme DNA-DNA 1187:1193 arg1 values 1207:1212 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1187:1212 DNA-DNA relatedness values among strain PWB-003T and related type strains 1187:1259 DNA-DNA relatedness values among strain PWB-003T and related type strains ranged from 11.3 ± 1.3 to 38.8 ± 1.1 %. 26358439 8 18 theme gene 737:740 arg1 similarity 751:760 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 728:760 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 728:769 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 8 19 dep Micromonospora 951:964 arg1 43904T 986:991 DSM 43904T 982:991 Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %) 951:1001 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 8 19 dep Micromonospora 951:964 arg1 % 1000:1000 98.97 % 994:1000 98.97 % 994:1000 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 8 19 dep Micromonospora 951:964 arg1 echinaurantiaca 966:980 Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %) 951:1001 Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %) 951:1001 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 2 20 theme C 141:141 arg1 antibiotics 143:153 fluostatins B and C antibiotics 123:153 fluostatins B and C antibiotics 123:153 The novel actinomycete strain PWB-003T, which produced fluostatins B and C antibiotics, was isolated from nearshore sediment collected from Panwa Cape, Phuket Province, Thailand. 26358439 12 21 theme type 1546:1549 arg1 2345T 1599:1603 type strain PWB-003T = JCM 30529T = PCU 341T = TISTR 2345T 1546:1603 type strain PWB-003T = JCM 30529T = PCU 341T = TISTR 2345T 1546:1603 nov. (type strain PWB-003T = JCM 30529T = PCU 341T = TISTR 2345T) is proposed. 26358439 12 21 theme type 1546:1549 arg1 nov 1540:1542 nov 1540:1542 nov 1540:1542 nov. (type strain PWB-003T = JCM 30529T = PCU 341T = TISTR 2345T) is proposed. 26358439 10 22 theme type 1248:1251 arg1 strains 1253:1259 strain PWB-003T and related type strains 1220:1259 strain PWB-003T and related type strains 1220:1259 DNA-DNA relatedness values among strain PWB-003T and related type strains ranged from 11.3 ± 1.3 to 38.8 ± 1.1 %. 26358439 4 23 contain contained 418:426 arg1 It 367:368 It 367:368 It 367:368 It produced single spores on substrate mycelia and contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26358439 4 23 contain contained 418:426 arg1 peptidoglycan 470:482 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 456:482 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 456:482 It produced single spores on substrate mycelia and contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26358439 4 23 contain contained 418:426 arg2 acid 448:451 meso-diaminopimelic acid 428:451 meso-diaminopimelic acid 428:451 It produced single spores on substrate mycelia and contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26358439 4 23 contain contained 418:426 arg2 It 367:368 It 367:368 It 367:368 It produced single spores on substrate mycelia and contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26358439 8 24 theme DSM 1076:1078 arg1 43912T 1080:1085 DSM 43912T 1076:1085 Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T 1049:1085 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 7 25 theme Cellular 610:617 arg1 acids 625:629 Cellular fatty acids 610:629 Cellular fatty acids 610:629 Cellular fatty acids comprised C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 26358439 8 26 theme DSM 982:984 arg1 43904T 986:991 DSM 43904T 982:991 Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %) 951:1001 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 8 26 theme DSM 982:984 arg1 % 1000:1000 98.97 % 994:1000 98.97 % 994:1000 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 11 27 theme novel 1447:1451 arg1 species 1453:1459 a novel species 1445:1459 a novel species 1445:1459 On the basis of these observations, strain PWB-003T could be distinguished from its closely related type strains and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora fluostatini sp. 26358439 5 28 contain contained 508:516 arg2 arabinose 534:542 arabinose 534:542 arabinose 534:542 Whole-cell hydrolysate contained ribose, xylose, arabinose, mannose and glucose. 26358439 5 28 contain contained 508:516 arg2 ribose 518:523 ribose 518:523 ribose 518:523 Whole-cell hydrolysate contained ribose, xylose, arabinose, mannose and glucose. 26358439 5 28 contain contained 508:516 arg2 mannose 545:551 mannose 545:551 mannose 545:551 Whole-cell hydrolysate contained ribose, xylose, arabinose, mannose and glucose. 26358439 5 28 contain contained 508:516 arg2 xylose 526:531 xylose 526:531 xylose 526:531 Whole-cell hydrolysate contained ribose, xylose, arabinose, mannose and glucose. 26358439 5 28 contain contained 508:516 arg2 glucose 557:563 glucose 557:563 glucose 557:563 Whole-cell hydrolysate contained ribose, xylose, arabinose, mannose and glucose. 26358439 5 28 contain contained 508:516 arg1 hydrolysate 496:506 Whole-cell hydrolysate 485:506 Whole-cell hydrolysate 485:506 Whole-cell hydrolysate contained ribose, xylose, arabinose, mannose and glucose. 26358439 2 29 theme B 135:135 arg1 antibiotics 143:153 fluostatins B and C antibiotics 123:153 fluostatins B and C antibiotics 123:153 The novel actinomycete strain PWB-003T, which produced fluostatins B and C antibiotics, was isolated from nearshore sediment collected from Panwa Cape, Phuket Province, Thailand. 26358439 8 30 theme FXJ6.011T 930:938 arg1 % 1141:1141 98.97 % 1135:1141 98.97 % 1135:1141 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 8 30 theme FXJ6.011T 930:938 arg1 12357T 1122:1127 Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T 812:1127 Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %) 812:1142 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 0 31 theme Micromonospora 0:13 arg1 fluostatini 15:25 Micromonospora fluostatini 0:25 Micromonospora fluostatini 0:25 Micromonospora fluostatini sp. 26358439 7 32 dep C18  641:644 arg1 iso-C17  699:706 iso-C17  699:706 iso-C17  699:706 Cellular fatty acids comprised C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 26358439 7 32 dep C18  641:644 arg1 iso-C16  653:660 iso-C16  653:660 iso-C16  653:660 Cellular fatty acids comprised C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 26358439 7 32 dep C18  641:644 arg1  0 708:709  0 708:709 C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 641:709 Cellular fatty acids comprised C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 26358439 7 32 dep C18  641:644 arg1  0 662:663  0 662:663  0 662:663 Cellular fatty acids comprised C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 26358439 7 32 dep C18  641:644 arg1  0 692:693  0 692:693  0 692:693 Cellular fatty acids comprised C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 26358439 7 32 dep C18  641:644 arg1  1ω9c 646:650  1ω9c 646:650  1ω9c 646:650 Cellular fatty acids comprised C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 26358439 11 33 theme name 1504:1507 arg1 sp 1536:1537 the name Micromonospora fluostatini sp 1500:1537 the name Micromonospora fluostatini sp 1500:1537 On the basis of these observations, strain PWB-003T could be distinguished from its closely related type strains and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora fluostatini sp. 26358439 2 34 dep Thailand 237:244 arg1 Phuket 220:225 Phuket 220:225 Phuket 220:225 The novel actinomycete strain PWB-003T, which produced fluostatins B and C antibiotics, was isolated from nearshore sediment collected from Panwa Cape, Phuket Province, Thailand. 26358439 3 35 theme Micromonospora 351:364 arg1 member 331:336 a member 329:336 a member of the genus Micromonospora 329:364 Data from the present polyphasic study indicated that strain PWB-003T represented a member of the genus Micromonospora. 26358439 8 36 theme LK2-10T 835:841 arg1 % 1141:1141 98.97 % 1135:1141 98.97 % 1135:1141 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 8 36 theme LK2-10T 835:841 arg1 12357T 1122:1127 Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T 812:1127 Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %) 812:1142 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 2 37 attach isolated 160:167 arg2 PWB-003T 98:105 The novel actinomycete strain PWB-003T 68:105 The novel actinomycete strain PWB-003T 68:105 The novel actinomycete strain PWB-003T, which produced fluostatins B and C antibiotics, was isolated from nearshore sediment collected from Panwa Cape, Phuket Province, Thailand. 26358439 2 37 attach isolated 160:167 arg1 sediment 184:191 nearshore sediment 174:191 nearshore sediment collected from Panwa Cape, Phuket Province, Thailand 174:244 The novel actinomycete strain PWB-003T, which produced fluostatins B and C antibiotics, was isolated from nearshore sediment collected from Panwa Cape, Phuket Province, Thailand. 26358439 8 38 theme auratinigra 1106:1116 arg1 % 1141:1141 98.97 % 1135:1141 98.97 % 1135:1141 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 8 38 theme auratinigra 1106:1116 arg1 12357T 1122:1127 Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T 812:1127 Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %) 812:1142 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 3 39 theme present 261:267 arg1 study 280:284 the present polyphasic study 257:284 the present polyphasic study 257:284 Data from the present polyphasic study indicated that strain PWB-003T represented a member of the genus Micromonospora. 26358439 8 40 dep % 1141:1141 arg1 both 1130:1133 both 1130:1133 both 1130:1133 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 5 41 theme Whole-cell 485:494 arg1 hydrolysate 496:506 Whole-cell hydrolysate 485:506 Whole-cell hydrolysate 485:506 Whole-cell hydrolysate contained ribose, xylose, arabinose, mannose and glucose. 26358439 2 42 dep Panwa 208:212 arg1 Thailand 237:244 Thailand 237:244 Thailand 237:244 The novel actinomycete strain PWB-003T, which produced fluostatins B and C antibiotics, was isolated from nearshore sediment collected from Panwa Cape, Phuket Province, Thailand. 26358439 8 43 dep Micromonospora 1004:1017 arg1 43817T 1031:1036 DSM 43817T 1027:1036 Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %) 1004:1046 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 8 43 dep Micromonospora 1004:1017 arg1 % 1045:1045 98.97 % 1039:1045 98.97 % 1039:1045 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 8 44 theme Micromonospora 1004:1017 arg1 % 1141:1141 98.97 % 1135:1141 98.97 % 1135:1141 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 8 44 theme Micromonospora 1004:1017 arg1 12357T 1122:1127 Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T 812:1127 Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %) 812:1142 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 12 45 theme 30529T = PCU 1573:1584 arg1 2345T 1599:1603 type strain PWB-003T = JCM 30529T = PCU 341T = TISTR 2345T 1546:1603 type strain PWB-003T = JCM 30529T = PCU 341T = TISTR 2345T 1546:1603 nov. (type strain PWB-003T = JCM 30529T = PCU 341T = TISTR 2345T) is proposed. 26358439 12 45 theme 30529T = PCU 1573:1584 arg1 nov 1540:1542 nov 1540:1542 nov 1540:1542 nov. (type strain PWB-003T = JCM 30529T = PCU 341T = TISTR 2345T) is proposed. 26358439 11 46 theme strain 1337:1342 arg1 PWB-003T 1344:1351 strain PWB-003T 1337:1351 strain PWB-003T 1337:1351 On the basis of these observations, strain PWB-003T could be distinguished from its closely related type strains and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora fluostatini sp. 26358439 12 47 theme strain 1551:1556 arg1 2345T 1599:1603 type strain PWB-003T = JCM 30529T = PCU 341T = TISTR 2345T 1546:1603 type strain PWB-003T = JCM 30529T = PCU 341T = TISTR 2345T 1546:1603 nov. (type strain PWB-003T = JCM 30529T = PCU 341T = TISTR 2345T) is proposed. 26358439 12 47 theme strain 1551:1556 arg1 nov 1540:1542 nov 1540:1542 nov 1540:1542 nov. (type strain PWB-003T = JCM 30529T = PCU 341T = TISTR 2345T) is proposed. 26358439 4 48 theme cell-wall 460:468 arg1 peptidoglycan 470:482 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 456:482 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 456:482 It produced single spores on substrate mycelia and contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26358439 8 49 theme JCM 1118:1120 arg1 % 1141:1141 98.97 % 1135:1141 98.97 % 1135:1141 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 8 49 theme JCM 1118:1120 arg1 12357T 1122:1127 Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T 812:1127 Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %) 812:1142 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 11 50 theme genus 1468:1472 arg1 Micromonospora 1474:1487 the genus Micromonospora 1464:1487 the genus Micromonospora 1464:1487 On the basis of these observations, strain PWB-003T could be distinguished from its closely related type strains and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora fluostatini sp. 26358439 11 51 theme Micromonospora 1474:1487 arg1 species 1453:1459 a novel species 1445:1459 a novel species 1445:1459 On the basis of these observations, strain PWB-003T could be distinguished from its closely related type strains and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora fluostatini sp. 26358439 2 52 theme strain 91:96 arg1 PWB-003T 98:105 The novel actinomycete strain PWB-003T 68:105 The novel actinomycete strain PWB-003T 68:105 The novel actinomycete strain PWB-003T, which produced fluostatins B and C antibiotics, was isolated from nearshore sediment collected from Panwa Cape, Phuket Province, Thailand. 26358439 8 53 theme DSM 1027:1029 arg1 43817T 1031:1036 DSM 43817T 1027:1036 Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %) 1004:1046 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 8 53 theme DSM 1027:1029 arg1 % 1045:1045 98.97 % 1039:1045 98.97 % 1039:1045 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 12 54 theme PWB-003T = JCM 1558:1571 arg1 2345T 1599:1603 type strain PWB-003T = JCM 30529T = PCU 341T = TISTR 2345T 1546:1603 type strain PWB-003T = JCM 30529T = PCU 341T = TISTR 2345T 1546:1603 nov. (type strain PWB-003T = JCM 30529T = PCU 341T = TISTR 2345T) is proposed. 26358439 12 54 theme PWB-003T = JCM 1558:1571 arg1 nov 1540:1542 nov 1540:1542 nov 1540:1542 nov. (type strain PWB-003T = JCM 30529T = PCU 341T = TISTR 2345T) is proposed. 26358439 10 55 theme PWB-003T 1227:1234 arg1 strains 1253:1259 strain PWB-003T and related type strains 1220:1259 strain PWB-003T and related type strains 1220:1259 DNA-DNA relatedness values among strain PWB-003T and related type strains ranged from 11.3 ± 1.3 to 38.8 ± 1.1 %. 26358439 6 56 theme predominant 570:580 arg1 MK-10 598:602 MK-10 598:602 MK-10 598:602 The predominant menaquinone was MK-10 (H4). 26358439 6 56 theme predominant 570:580 arg1 menaquinone 582:592 The predominant menaquinone 566:592 The predominant menaquinone 566:592 The predominant menaquinone was MK-10 (H4). 26358439 2 57 theme actinomycete 78:89 arg1 PWB-003T 98:105 The novel actinomycete strain PWB-003T 68:105 The novel actinomycete strain PWB-003T 68:105 The novel actinomycete strain PWB-003T, which produced fluostatins B and C antibiotics, was isolated from nearshore sediment collected from Panwa Cape, Phuket Province, Thailand. 26358439 9 58 theme DNA 1168:1170 arg1 content 1153:1159 The G+C content 1145:1159 The G+C content of the DNA 1145:1170 The G+C content of the DNA was 74.5 mol%. 26358439 9 58 theme DNA 1168:1170 arg1 % 1184:1184 74.5 mol% 1176:1184 74.5 mol% 1176:1184 The G+C content of the DNA was 74.5 mol%. 26358439 9 59 theme G+C 1149:1151 arg1 content 1153:1159 The G+C content 1145:1159 The G+C content of the DNA 1145:1170 The G+C content of the DNA was 74.5 mol%. 26358439 9 59 theme G+C 1149:1151 arg1 % 1184:1184 74.5 mol% 1176:1184 74.5 mol% 1176:1184 The G+C content of the DNA was 74.5 mol%. 26358439 8 60 theme analysis 762:769 arg1 strain 782:787 the novel strain 772:787 the novel strain 772:787 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 8 60 theme analysis 762:769 arg1 related 801:807 related 801:807 related 801:807 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 2 61 theme novel 72:76 arg1 PWB-003T 98:105 The novel actinomycete strain PWB-003T 68:105 The novel actinomycete strain PWB-003T 68:105 The novel actinomycete strain PWB-003T, which produced fluostatins B and C antibiotics, was isolated from nearshore sediment collected from Panwa Cape, Phuket Province, Thailand. 26358439 3 62 theme polyphasic 269:278 arg1 study 280:284 the present polyphasic study 257:284 the present polyphasic study 257:284 Data from the present polyphasic study indicated that strain PWB-003T represented a member of the genus Micromonospora. 26358439 11 63 dep observations 1323:1334 arg1 basis 1308:1312 basis 1308:1312 basis 1308:1312 On the basis of these observations, strain PWB-003T could be distinguished from its closely related type strains and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora fluostatini sp. 26358439 11 63 dep observations 1323:1334 arg1 the 1304:1306 the 1304:1306 the 1304:1306 On the basis of these observations, strain PWB-003T could be distinguished from its closely related type strains and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora fluostatini sp. 26358439 8 64 theme similarity 751:760 arg1 analysis 762:769 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 728:769 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 728:769 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 4 65 theme meso-diaminopimelic 428:446 arg1 acid 448:451 meso-diaminopimelic acid 428:451 meso-diaminopimelic acid 428:451 It produced single spores on substrate mycelia and contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26358439 0 66 dep sp 27:28 arg1 fluostatini 15:25 Micromonospora fluostatini 0:25 Micromonospora fluostatini 0:25 Micromonospora fluostatini sp. 26358439 10 67 theme relatedness 1195:1205 arg1 values 1207:1212 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1187:1212 DNA-DNA relatedness values among strain PWB-003T and related type strains 1187:1259 DNA-DNA relatedness values among strain PWB-003T and related type strains ranged from 11.3 ± 1.3 to 38.8 ± 1.1 %. 26358439 3 68 from study 280:284 arg1 Data 247:250 Data 247:250 Data from the present polyphasic study 247:284 Data from the present polyphasic study indicated that strain PWB-003T represented a member of the genus Micromonospora. 26358439 2 69 theme nearshore 174:182 arg1 sediment 184:191 nearshore sediment 174:191 nearshore sediment collected from Panwa Cape, Phuket Province, Thailand 174:244 The novel actinomycete strain PWB-003T, which produced fluostatins B and C antibiotics, was isolated from nearshore sediment collected from Panwa Cape, Phuket Province, Thailand. 26358439 11 70 theme related 1393:1399 arg1 strains 1406:1412 its closely related type strains 1381:1412 its closely related type strains 1381:1412 On the basis of these observations, strain PWB-003T could be distinguished from its closely related type strains and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora fluostatini sp. 26358439 8 71 theme MC5-1T 885:890 arg1 % 1141:1141 98.97 % 1135:1141 98.97 % 1135:1141 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 8 71 theme MC5-1T 885:890 arg1 12357T 1122:1127 Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T 812:1127 Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %) 812:1142 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 12 72 theme 341T = TISTR 1586:1597 arg1 2345T 1599:1603 type strain PWB-003T = JCM 30529T = PCU 341T = TISTR 2345T 1546:1603 type strain PWB-003T = JCM 30529T = PCU 341T = TISTR 2345T 1546:1603 nov. (type strain PWB-003T = JCM 30529T = PCU 341T = TISTR 2345T) is proposed. 26358439 12 72 theme 341T = TISTR 1586:1597 arg1 nov 1540:1542 nov 1540:1542 nov 1540:1542 nov. (type strain PWB-003T = JCM 30529T = PCU 341T = TISTR 2345T) is proposed. 26358439 8 73 theme sequence 742:749 arg1 similarity 751:760 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 728:760 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 728:769 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 2 74 theme fluostatins 123:133 arg1 antibiotics 143:153 fluostatins B and C antibiotics 123:153 fluostatins B and C antibiotics 123:153 The novel actinomycete strain PWB-003T, which produced fluostatins B and C antibiotics, was isolated from nearshore sediment collected from Panwa Cape, Phuket Province, Thailand. 26358439 8 75 dep analysis 762:769 arg1 basis 719:723 basis 719:723 basis 719:723 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 8 75 dep analysis 762:769 arg1 the 715:717 the 715:717 the 715:717 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 11 76 theme type 1401:1404 arg1 strains 1406:1412 its closely related type strains 1381:1412 its closely related type strains 1381:1412 On the basis of these observations, strain PWB-003T could be distinguished from its closely related type strains and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora fluostatini sp. 26358439 8 77 theme Micromonospora 1049:1062 arg1 % 1141:1141 98.97 % 1135:1141 98.97 % 1135:1141 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26358439 8 77 theme Micromonospora 1049:1062 arg1 12357T 1122:1127 Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T 812:1127 Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %) 812:1142 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, the novel strain was closely related to Micromonospora eburnea LK2-10T (99.38 %), Micromonospora chaiyaphumensis MC5-1T (99.16 %), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011T (98.97 %), Micromonospora echinaurantiaca DSM 43904T (98.97 %), Micromonospora pallida DSM 43817T (98.97 %), Micromonospora sagamiensis DSM 43912T and Micromonospora auratinigra JCM 12357T (both 98.97 %). 26023205 9 0 theme Paenibacillus 868:880 arg1 T 895:895 T 895:895 T 895:895 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 9 0 theme Paenibacillus 868:880 arg1 similarity 914:923 96.2% sequence similarity 899:923 96.2% sequence similarity 899:923 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 9 0 theme Paenibacillus 868:880 arg1 C/2 891:893 Paenibacillus mendelii C/2 868:893 Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) 868:924 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 12 1 theme NBRC 1282:1285 arg1 11N27 1254:1258 the type strain 11N27 1238:1258 the type strain 11N27(T)( = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T)) 1238:1296 nov. is proposed with the type strain 11N27(T)( = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T)). 26023205 12 1 theme NBRC 1282:1285 arg1 T 1294:1294  = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T) 1263:1295  = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T) 1263:1295 nov. is proposed with the type strain 11N27(T)( = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T)). 26023205 9 2 theme mendelii 882:889 arg1 T 895:895 T 895:895 T 895:895 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 9 2 theme mendelii 882:889 arg1 similarity 914:923 96.2% sequence similarity 899:923 96.2% sequence similarity 899:923 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 9 2 theme mendelii 882:889 arg1 C/2 891:893 Paenibacillus mendelii C/2 868:893 Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) 868:924 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 7 3 theme predominant 664:674 arg1 quinone 688:694 the predominant respiratory quinone 660:694 the predominant respiratory quinone 660:694 MK-7 was the predominant respiratory quinone. 26023205 7 3 theme predominant 664:674 arg1 MK-7 651:654 MK-7 651:654 MK-7 651:654 MK-7 was the predominant respiratory quinone. 26023205 9 4 theme 16S 776:778 arg1 rRNA 780:783 16S rRNA 776:783 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 776:806 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 1 5 theme agricultural 54:65 arg1 soil 67:70 agricultural soil 54:70 agricultural soil 54:70 nov., isolated from agricultural soil. 26023205 10 6 theme novel 1131:1135 arg1 species 1137:1143 a novel species 1129:1143 a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus 1129:1170 The genotypic and phenotypic data showed that strain 11N27(T) could be distinguished from phylogenetically related species and that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus. 26023205 2 7 theme agricultural 133:144 arg1 sample 151:156 an agricultural soil sample 130:156 an agricultural soil sample 130:156 A bacterial strain designated 11N27(T) was isolated from an agricultural soil sample. 26023205 9 8 theme rRNA 780:783 arg1 analysis 799:806 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 776:806 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 776:806 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 10 9 theme genus 1152:1156 arg1 species 1137:1143 a novel species 1129:1143 a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus 1129:1170 The genotypic and phenotypic data showed that strain 11N27(T) could be distinguished from phylogenetically related species and that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus. 26023205 10 10 theme phenotypic 992:1001 arg1 data 1003:1006 The genotypic and phenotypic data 974:1006 The genotypic and phenotypic data 974:1006 The genotypic and phenotypic data showed that strain 11N27(T) could be distinguished from phylogenetically related species and that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus. 26023205 9 11 theme gene 785:788 arg1 analysis 799:806 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 776:806 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 776:806 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 9 12 theme Paenibacillus 930:942 arg1 7311 957:960 Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311 930:960 Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%) 930:971 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 9 12 theme Paenibacillus 930:942 arg1 % 970:970 96.0% 966:970 96.0% 966:970 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 9 12 theme Paenibacillus 930:942 arg1 T 962:962 T 962:962 T 962:962 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 12 13 theme = 1280:1280 arg1 11N27 1254:1258 the type strain 11N27 1238:1258 the type strain 11N27(T)( = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T)) 1238:1296 nov. is proposed with the type strain 11N27(T)( = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T)). 26023205 12 13 theme = 1280:1280 arg1 T 1294:1294  = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T) 1263:1295  = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T) 1263:1295 nov. is proposed with the type strain 11N27(T)( = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T)). 26023205 9 14 theme sequence 790:797 arg1 analysis 799:806 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 776:806 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 776:806 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 3 15 theme strain 173:178 arg1 Cells 159:163 Cells 159:163 Cells of this strain 159:178 Cells of this strain were Gram-reaction-variable, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, white-pigmented, peritrichously flagellated and hydrolysed xanthine. 26023205 9 16 theme 96.2 899:902 arg1 % 903:903 % 903:903 % 903:903 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 5 17 theme unknown 474:480 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 444:467 phosphatidylethanolamine 444:467 phosphatidylethanolamine 444:467 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminolipids, one unknown aminophospholipid and two unknown polar lipids. 26023205 5 17 theme unknown 474:480 arg1 phospholipids 482:494 two unknown phospholipids 470:494 two unknown phospholipids 470:494 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminolipids, one unknown aminophospholipid and two unknown polar lipids. 26023205 6 18 theme G+C 586:588 arg1 content 590:596 The G+C content 582:596 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain 11N27(T) 582:634 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain 11N27(T) was 50.3 mol%. 26023205 6 18 theme G+C 586:588 arg1 % 648:648 50.3 mol% 640:648 50.3 mol% 640:648 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain 11N27(T) was 50.3 mol%. 26023205 10 19 theme genotypic 978:986 arg1 data 1003:1006 The genotypic and phenotypic data 974:1006 The genotypic and phenotypic data 974:1006 The genotypic and phenotypic data showed that strain 11N27(T) could be distinguished from phylogenetically related species and that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus. 26023205 11 20 theme name 1177:1180 arg1 sp 1212:1213 The name Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus sp 1173:1213 The name Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus sp 1173:1213 The name Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus sp. 26023205 6 21 theme 50.3 640:643 arg1 mol 645:647 mol 645:647 mol 645:647 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain 11N27(T) was 50.3 mol%. 26023205 0 22 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 30:31 Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus sp 0:31 Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus sp. 0:32 Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus sp. 26023205 11 23 theme Paenibacillus 1182:1194 arg1 sp 1212:1213 The name Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus sp 1173:1213 The name Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus sp 1173:1213 The name Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus sp. 26023205 5 24 theme unknown 560:566 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 444:467 phosphatidylethanolamine 444:467 phosphatidylethanolamine 444:467 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminolipids, one unknown aminophospholipid and two unknown polar lipids. 26023205 5 24 theme unknown 560:566 arg1 lipids 574:579 two unknown polar lipids 556:579 two unknown polar lipids 556:579 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminolipids, one unknown aminophospholipid and two unknown polar lipids. 26023205 5 25 contain contained 434:442 arg2 phosphatidylethanolamine 444:467 phosphatidylethanolamine 444:467 phosphatidylethanolamine 444:467 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminolipids, one unknown aminophospholipid and two unknown polar lipids. 26023205 5 25 contain contained 434:442 arg2 aminolipids 509:519 two unknown aminolipids 497:519 two unknown aminolipids 497:519 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminolipids, one unknown aminophospholipid and two unknown polar lipids. 26023205 5 25 contain contained 434:442 arg1 profile 426:432 The polar lipid profile 410:432 The polar lipid profile 410:432 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminolipids, one unknown aminophospholipid and two unknown polar lipids. 26023205 5 25 contain contained 434:442 arg2 phospholipids 482:494 two unknown phospholipids 470:494 two unknown phospholipids 470:494 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminolipids, one unknown aminophospholipid and two unknown polar lipids. 26023205 5 25 contain contained 434:442 arg2 aminophospholipid 534:550 aminophospholipid 534:550 aminophospholipid 534:550 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminolipids, one unknown aminophospholipid and two unknown polar lipids. 26023205 5 25 contain contained 434:442 arg2 lipids 574:579 two unknown polar lipids 556:579 two unknown polar lipids 556:579 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminolipids, one unknown aminophospholipid and two unknown polar lipids. 26023205 5 26 theme lipid 420:424 arg1 profile 426:432 The polar lipid profile 410:432 The polar lipid profile 410:432 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminolipids, one unknown aminophospholipid and two unknown polar lipids. 26023205 9 27 theme % 903:903 arg1 C/2 891:893 Paenibacillus mendelii C/2 868:893 Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) 868:924 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 9 27 theme % 903:903 arg1 similarity 914:923 96.2% sequence similarity 899:923 96.2% sequence similarity 899:923 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 10 28 theme strain 1020:1025 arg1 T 1033:1033 T 1033:1033 T 1033:1033 The genotypic and phenotypic data showed that strain 11N27(T) could be distinguished from phylogenetically related species and that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus. 26023205 10 28 theme strain 1020:1025 arg1 11N27 1027:1031 strain 11N27 1020:1031 strain 11N27(T) 1020:1034 The genotypic and phenotypic data showed that strain 11N27(T) could be distinguished from phylogenetically related species and that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus. 26023205 5 29 theme polar 568:572 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 444:467 phosphatidylethanolamine 444:467 phosphatidylethanolamine 444:467 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminolipids, one unknown aminophospholipid and two unknown polar lipids. 26023205 5 29 theme polar 568:572 arg1 lipids 574:579 two unknown polar lipids 556:579 two unknown polar lipids 556:579 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminolipids, one unknown aminophospholipid and two unknown polar lipids. 26023205 9 30 theme sequence 905:912 arg1 C/2 891:893 Paenibacillus mendelii C/2 868:893 Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) 868:924 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 9 30 theme sequence 905:912 arg1 similarity 914:923 96.2% sequence similarity 899:923 96.2% sequence similarity 899:923 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 10 31 theme related 1081:1087 arg1 species 1089:1095 phylogenetically related species 1064:1095 phylogenetically related species 1064:1095 The genotypic and phenotypic data showed that strain 11N27(T) could be distinguished from phylogenetically related species and that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus. 26023205 9 32 theme strain 820:825 arg1 11N27 827:831 strain 11N27 820:831 strain 11N27(T) 820:834 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 9 32 theme strain 820:825 arg1 T 833:833 T 833:833 T 833:833 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 9 33 theme CMM 953:955 arg1 7311 957:960 Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311 930:960 Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%) 930:971 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 9 33 theme CMM 953:955 arg1 % 970:970 96.0% 966:970 96.0% 966:970 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 9 33 theme CMM 953:955 arg1 T 962:962 T 962:962 T 962:962 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 6 34 theme DNA 613:615 arg1 content 590:596 The G+C content 582:596 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain 11N27(T) 582:634 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain 11N27(T) was 50.3 mol%. 26023205 6 34 theme DNA 613:615 arg1 % 648:648 50.3 mol% 640:648 50.3 mol% 640:648 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain 11N27(T) was 50.3 mol%. 26023205 9 35 theme sepulcri 944:951 arg1 7311 957:960 Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311 930:960 Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%) 930:971 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 9 35 theme sepulcri 944:951 arg1 % 970:970 96.0% 966:970 96.0% 966:970 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 9 35 theme sepulcri 944:951 arg1 T 962:962 T 962:962 T 962:962 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 11N27(T) was phylogenetically related to Paenibacillus mendelii C/2(T) (96.2% sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus sepulcri CMM 7311(T) (96.0%). 26023205 8 36 theme diamino 741:747 arg1 acid 749:752 the diagnostic diamino acid 726:752 the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan 726:773 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 26023205 8 36 theme diamino 741:747 arg1 acid 717:720 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 697:720 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 697:720 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 26023205 8 37 theme diagnostic 730:739 arg1 acid 749:752 the diagnostic diamino acid 726:752 the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan 726:773 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 26023205 8 37 theme diagnostic 730:739 arg1 acid 717:720 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 697:720 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 697:720 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 26023205 4 38 theme 11N27 354:358 arg1 acids 338:342 The major fatty acids 322:342 The major fatty acids of strain 11N27(T) 322:361 The major fatty acids of strain 11N27(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26023205 4 38 theme 11N27 354:358 arg1 0 382:382 0 382:382 0 382:382 The major fatty acids of strain 11N27(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26023205 2 39 theme soil 146:149 arg1 sample 151:156 an agricultural soil sample 130:156 an agricultural soil sample 130:156 A bacterial strain designated 11N27(T) was isolated from an agricultural soil sample. 26023205 12 40 theme strain 1247:1252 arg1 T 1260:1260 T 1260:1260 T 1260:1260 nov. is proposed with the type strain 11N27(T)( = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T)). 26023205 12 40 theme strain 1247:1252 arg1 11N27 1254:1258 the type strain 11N27 1238:1258 the type strain 11N27(T)( = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T)) 1238:1296 nov. is proposed with the type strain 11N27(T)( = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T)). 26023205 12 40 theme strain 1247:1252 arg1 T 1294:1294  = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T) 1263:1295  = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T) 1263:1295 nov. is proposed with the type strain 11N27(T)( = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T)). 26023205 4 41 theme strain 347:352 arg1 11N27 354:358 strain 11N27 347:358 strain 11N27(T) 347:361 The major fatty acids of strain 11N27(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26023205 4 41 theme strain 347:352 arg1 T 360:360 T 360:360 T 360:360 The major fatty acids of strain 11N27(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26023205 3 42 dep Gram-reaction-variable 185:206 arg1 xanthine 312:319 xanthine 312:319 xanthine 312:319 Cells of this strain were Gram-reaction-variable, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, white-pigmented, peritrichously flagellated and hydrolysed xanthine. 26023205 8 43 theme meso-Diaminopimelic 697:715 arg1 acid 749:752 the diagnostic diamino acid 726:752 the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan 726:773 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 26023205 8 43 theme meso-Diaminopimelic 697:715 arg1 acid 717:720 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 697:720 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 697:720 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 26023205 11 44 theme xanthinilyticus 1196:1210 arg1 sp 1212:1213 The name Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus sp 1173:1213 The name Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus sp 1173:1213 The name Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus sp. 26023205 12 45 theme type 1242:1245 arg1 T 1260:1260 T 1260:1260 T 1260:1260 nov. is proposed with the type strain 11N27(T)( = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T)). 26023205 12 45 theme type 1242:1245 arg1 11N27 1254:1258 the type strain 11N27 1238:1258 the type strain 11N27(T)( = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T)) 1238:1296 nov. is proposed with the type strain 11N27(T)( = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T)). 26023205 12 45 theme type 1242:1245 arg1 T 1294:1294  = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T) 1263:1295  = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T) 1263:1295 nov. is proposed with the type strain 11N27(T)( = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T)). 26023205 6 46 theme 11N27 627:631 arg1 DNA 613:615 the genomic DNA 601:615 the genomic DNA of strain 11N27(T) 601:634 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain 11N27(T) was 50.3 mol%. 26023205 2 47 theme bacterial 75:83 arg1 strain 85:90 A bacterial strain 73:90 A bacterial strain designated 11N27(T) 73:110 A bacterial strain designated 11N27(T) was isolated from an agricultural soil sample. 26023205 8 48 from acid 749:752 arg1 peptidoglycan 761:773 the peptidoglycan 757:773 the peptidoglycan 757:773 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 26023205 2 49 attach isolated 116:123 arg2 strain 85:90 A bacterial strain 73:90 A bacterial strain designated 11N27(T) 73:110 A bacterial strain designated 11N27(T) was isolated from an agricultural soil sample. 26023205 2 49 attach isolated 116:123 arg1 sample 151:156 an agricultural soil sample 130:156 an agricultural soil sample 130:156 A bacterial strain designated 11N27(T) was isolated from an agricultural soil sample. 26023205 6 50 theme strain 620:625 arg1 T 633:633 T 633:633 T 633:633 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain 11N27(T) was 50.3 mol%. 26023205 6 50 theme strain 620:625 arg1 11N27 627:631 strain 11N27 620:631 strain 11N27(T) 620:634 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain 11N27(T) was 50.3 mol%. 26023205 4 51 theme fatty 332:336 arg1 acids 338:342 The major fatty acids 322:342 The major fatty acids of strain 11N27(T) 322:361 The major fatty acids of strain 11N27(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26023205 4 51 theme fatty 332:336 arg1 0 382:382 0 382:382 0 382:382 The major fatty acids of strain 11N27(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26023205 10 52 theme Paenibacillus 1158:1170 arg1 genus 1152:1156 the genus Paenibacillus 1148:1170 the genus Paenibacillus 1148:1170 The genotypic and phenotypic data showed that strain 11N27(T) could be distinguished from phylogenetically related species and that this strain represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus. 26023205 4 53 theme major 326:330 arg1 acids 338:342 The major fatty acids 322:342 The major fatty acids of strain 11N27(T) 322:361 The major fatty acids of strain 11N27(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26023205 4 53 theme major 326:330 arg1 0 382:382 0 382:382 0 382:382 The major fatty acids of strain 11N27(T) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26023205 5 54 theme polar 414:418 arg1 profile 426:432 The polar lipid profile 410:432 The polar lipid profile 410:432 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminolipids, one unknown aminophospholipid and two unknown polar lipids. 26023205 7 55 theme respiratory 676:686 arg1 quinone 688:694 the predominant respiratory quinone 660:694 the predominant respiratory quinone 660:694 MK-7 was the predominant respiratory quinone. 26023205 7 55 theme respiratory 676:686 arg1 MK-7 651:654 MK-7 651:654 MK-7 651:654 MK-7 was the predominant respiratory quinone. 26023205 12 56 theme 109108 1287:1292 arg1 11N27 1254:1258 the type strain 11N27 1238:1258 the type strain 11N27(T)( = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T)) 1238:1296 nov. is proposed with the type strain 11N27(T)( = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T)). 26023205 12 56 theme 109108 1287:1292 arg1 T 1294:1294  = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T) 1263:1295  = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T) 1263:1295 nov. is proposed with the type strain 11N27(T)( = KACC 17935(T) = NBRC 109108(T)). 26023205 5 57 theme unknown 501:507 arg1 aminolipids 509:519 two unknown aminolipids 497:519 two unknown aminolipids 497:519 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminolipids, one unknown aminophospholipid and two unknown polar lipids. 26023205 5 57 theme unknown 501:507 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 444:467 phosphatidylethanolamine 444:467 phosphatidylethanolamine 444:467 The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminolipids, one unknown aminophospholipid and two unknown polar lipids. 26023205 0 58 theme xanthinilyticus 14:28 arg1 sp 30:31 Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus sp 0:31 Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus sp. 0:32 Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus sp. 26023205 6 59 theme genomic 605:611 arg1 DNA 613:615 the genomic DNA 601:615 the genomic DNA of strain 11N27(T) 601:634 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain 11N27(T) was 50.3 mol%. 29055138 0 0 from repair 170:175 arg1 monkey 187:192 rhesus monkey 180:192 rhesus monkey 180:192 Effects of a bone graft substitute consisting of porous gradient HA/ZrO2 and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing BMP-2 and BMSCs on lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey. 29055138 6 1 theme bone 1231:1234 arg1 phosphatase 1346:1356 alkaline phosphatase 1337:1356 alkaline phosphatase 1337:1356 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 1 theme bone 1231:1234 arg1 factor 1391:1396 vascular endothelial growth factor 1363:1396 vascular endothelial growth factor 1363:1396 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 1 theme bone 1231:1234 arg1 collagen 1269:1276 Type I collagen 1262:1276 Type I collagen 1262:1276 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 1 theme bone 1231:1234 arg1 markers 1243:1249 bone matrix markers 1231:1249 bone matrix markers 1231:1249 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 1 theme bone 1231:1234 arg1 factor 1329:1334 basic fibroblast growth factor 1305:1334 basic fibroblast growth factor 1305:1334 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 1 theme bone 1231:1234 arg1 osteocalcin 1279:1289 osteocalcin 1279:1289 osteocalcin 1279:1289 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 1 theme bone 1231:1234 arg1 osteopontin 1292:1302 osteopontin 1292:1302 osteopontin 1292:1302 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 9 2 theme vertebral 1831:1839 arg1 strength 1858:1865 the vertebral body compression strength 1827:1865 the vertebral body compression strength of the PGHC implant 1827:1885 The results of biomechanical testing indicated that the vertebral body compression strength of the PGHC implant was lower than the other implants. 29055138 9 2 theme vertebral 1831:1839 arg1 lower 1891:1895 lower 1891:1895 lower 1891:1895 The results of biomechanical testing indicated that the vertebral body compression strength of the PGHC implant was lower than the other implants. 29055138 6 3 theme biochemical 1207:1217 arg1 testing 1219:1225 biochemical testing 1207:1225 biochemical testing 1207:1225 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 3 theme biochemical 1207:1217 arg1 spine 1129:1133 the lumbar spine 1118:1133 the lumbar spine 1118:1133 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 3 4 theme bone 543:546 arg1 cells 565:569 bone mesenchymal stem cells 543:569 bone mesenchymal stem cells 543:569 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 12 5 from use 2198:2200 arg1 repair 2227:2232 vertebral bone defect repair 2205:2232 vertebral bone defect repair 2205:2232 Therefore, BGS use in vertebral bone defect repair appears promising. 29055138 9 6 theme compression 1846:1856 arg1 strength 1858:1865 the vertebral body compression strength 1827:1865 the vertebral body compression strength of the PGHC implant 1827:1885 The results of biomechanical testing indicated that the vertebral body compression strength of the PGHC implant was lower than the other implants. 29055138 9 6 theme compression 1846:1856 arg1 lower 1891:1895 lower 1891:1895 lower 1891:1895 The results of biomechanical testing indicated that the vertebral body compression strength of the PGHC implant was lower than the other implants. 29055138 8 7 from pores 1715:1719 arg1 BGS 1728:1730 the BGS 1724:1730 the BGS 1724:1730 Radiography, microcomputed tomography scanning, and histomorphological characterization showed that the newly formed bone volume in the interior of the pores in the BGS was significantly higher than in the PGHC. 29055138 6 8 theme PGHC 1464:1467 arg1 efficacy 1440:1447 the reparative efficacy 1425:1447 the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC 1425:1467 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 9 theme biomechanical 1180:1192 arg1 testing 1194:1200 biomechanical testing 1180:1200 biomechanical testing 1180:1200 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 9 theme biomechanical 1180:1192 arg1 spine 1129:1133 the lumbar spine 1118:1133 the lumbar spine 1118:1133 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 10 theme BGS 1456:1458 arg1 efficacy 1440:1447 the reparative efficacy 1425:1447 the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC 1425:1467 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 9 11 theme PGHC 1874:1877 arg1 implant 1879:1885 the PGHC implant 1870:1885 the PGHC implant 1870:1885 The results of biomechanical testing indicated that the vertebral body compression strength of the PGHC implant was lower than the other implants. 29055138 4 12 contain had 737:739 arg2 structure 769:777 a three-dimensional network structure 741:777 a three-dimensional network structure with uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres 741:826 The morphological characteristics of the BGS evaluated by a scanning electron microscope showed that it had a three-dimensional network structure with uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres on the surfaces of the graft material and the interior of the pores. 29055138 4 12 contain had 737:739 arg1 it 734:735 it 734:735 it 734:735 The morphological characteristics of the BGS evaluated by a scanning electron microscope showed that it had a three-dimensional network structure with uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres on the surfaces of the graft material and the interior of the pores. 29055138 3 13 theme stem 560:563 arg1 cells 565:569 bone mesenchymal stem cells 543:569 bone mesenchymal stem cells 543:569 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 8 14 theme formed 1673:1678 arg1 volume 1685:1690 the newly formed bone volume 1663:1690 the newly formed bone volume in the interior of the pores in the BGS 1663:1730 Radiography, microcomputed tomography scanning, and histomorphological characterization showed that the newly formed bone volume in the interior of the pores in the BGS was significantly higher than in the PGHC. 29055138 8 14 theme formed 1673:1678 arg1 higher 1750:1755 higher 1750:1755 higher 1750:1755 Radiography, microcomputed tomography scanning, and histomorphological characterization showed that the newly formed bone volume in the interior of the pores in the BGS was significantly higher than in the PGHC. 29055138 10 15 theme polymerase 1944:1953 arg1 reaction 1961:1968 Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction 1922:1968 Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction 1922:1968 Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses showed that the expression of bone-related proteins in the BGS implant was significantly higher than in the PGHC implant. 29055138 6 16 theme Type 1262:1265 arg1 collagen 1269:1276 Type I collagen 1262:1276 Type I collagen 1262:1276 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 17 theme vascular 1363:1370 arg1 factor 1391:1396 vascular endothelial growth factor 1363:1396 vascular endothelial growth factor 1363:1396 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 7 18 theme rhesus 1547:1552 arg1 monkeys 1554:1560 rhesus monkeys 1547:1560 rhesus monkeys 1547:1560 The BGS displayed excellent ability to repair the lumbar vertebral defect in rhesus monkeys. 29055138 0 19 theme lumbar 146:151 arg1 repair 170:175 lumbar vertebral defect repair 146:175 lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey 146:192 Effects of a bone graft substitute consisting of porous gradient HA/ZrO2 and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing BMP-2 and BMSCs on lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey. 29055138 5 20 theme lumbar 982:987 arg1 body 999:1002 lumbar vertebral body 982:1002 lumbar vertebral body defects in a total of 24 healthy rhesus monkeys 982:1050 Then, BGS (Group A), PGHC (Group B), or autologous bone (Group C) was implanted into lumbar vertebral body defects in a total of 24 healthy rhesus monkeys. 29055138 8 21 theme pores 1715:1719 arg1 interior 1699:1706 the interior 1695:1706 the interior of the pores in the BGS 1695:1730 Radiography, microcomputed tomography scanning, and histomorphological characterization showed that the newly formed bone volume in the interior of the pores in the BGS was significantly higher than in the PGHC. 29055138 6 22 theme microcomputed 1136:1148 arg1 spine 1129:1133 the lumbar spine 1118:1133 the lumbar spine 1118:1133 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 22 theme microcomputed 1136:1148 arg1 tomography 1150:1159 microcomputed tomography 1136:1159 microcomputed tomography 1136:1159 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 9 23 theme other 1906:1910 arg1 implants 1912:1919 the other implants 1902:1919 the other implants 1902:1919 The results of biomechanical testing indicated that the vertebral body compression strength of the PGHC implant was lower than the other implants. 29055138 10 24 theme western 1974:1980 arg1 analyses 1987:1994 western blot analyses 1974:1994 western blot analyses 1974:1994 Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses showed that the expression of bone-related proteins in the BGS implant was significantly higher than in the PGHC implant. 29055138 6 25 theme matrix 1236:1241 arg1 phosphatase 1346:1356 alkaline phosphatase 1337:1356 alkaline phosphatase 1337:1356 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 25 theme matrix 1236:1241 arg1 factor 1391:1396 vascular endothelial growth factor 1363:1396 vascular endothelial growth factor 1363:1396 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 25 theme matrix 1236:1241 arg1 collagen 1269:1276 Type I collagen 1262:1276 Type I collagen 1262:1276 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 25 theme matrix 1236:1241 arg1 markers 1243:1249 bone matrix markers 1231:1249 bone matrix markers 1231:1249 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 25 theme matrix 1236:1241 arg1 factor 1329:1334 basic fibroblast growth factor 1305:1334 basic fibroblast growth factor 1305:1334 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 25 theme matrix 1236:1241 arg1 osteocalcin 1279:1289 osteocalcin 1279:1289 osteocalcin 1279:1289 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 25 theme matrix 1236:1241 arg1 osteopontin 1292:1302 osteopontin 1292:1302 osteopontin 1292:1302 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 5 26 theme body 999:1002 arg1 defects 1004:1010 lumbar vertebral body defects 982:1010 lumbar vertebral body defects in a total of 24 healthy rhesus monkeys 982:1050 Then, BGS (Group A), PGHC (Group B), or autologous bone (Group C) was implanted into lumbar vertebral body defects in a total of 24 healthy rhesus monkeys. 29055138 7 27 theme lumbar 1520:1525 arg1 defect 1537:1542 the lumbar vertebral defect 1516:1542 the lumbar vertebral defect in rhesus monkeys 1516:1560 The BGS displayed excellent ability to repair the lumbar vertebral defect in rhesus monkeys. 29055138 10 28 theme proteins 2039:2046 arg1 higher 2085:2090 higher 2085:2090 higher 2085:2090 Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses showed that the expression of bone-related proteins in the BGS implant was significantly higher than in the PGHC implant. 29055138 10 28 theme proteins 2039:2046 arg1 expression 2012:2021 the expression 2008:2021 the expression of bone-related proteins in the BGS implant 2008:2065 Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses showed that the expression of bone-related proteins in the BGS implant was significantly higher than in the PGHC implant. 29055138 6 29 theme spine 1129:1133 arg1 radiographs 1103:1113 anteroposterior and lateral radiographs 1075:1113 anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, 1075:1397 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 30 theme growth 1322:1327 arg1 factor 1329:1334 basic fibroblast growth factor 1305:1334 basic fibroblast growth factor 1305:1334 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 3 31 theme lumbar 607:612 arg1 defects 624:630 repair lumbar vertebral defects 600:630 repair lumbar vertebral defects 600:630 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 0 32 theme defect 163:168 arg1 repair 170:175 lumbar vertebral defect repair 146:175 lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey 146:192 Effects of a bone graft substitute consisting of porous gradient HA/ZrO2 and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing BMP-2 and BMSCs on lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey. 29055138 4 33 theme electron 702:709 arg1 microscope 711:720 a scanning electron microscope 691:720 a scanning electron microscope 691:720 The morphological characteristics of the BGS evaluated by a scanning electron microscope showed that it had a three-dimensional network structure with uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres on the surfaces of the graft material and the interior of the pores. 29055138 6 34 theme basic 1305:1309 arg1 factor 1329:1334 basic fibroblast growth factor 1305:1334 basic fibroblast growth factor 1305:1334 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 7 35 from defect 1537:1542 arg1 monkeys 1554:1560 rhesus monkeys 1547:1560 rhesus monkeys 1547:1560 The BGS displayed excellent ability to repair the lumbar vertebral defect in rhesus monkeys. 29055138 10 36 from expression 2012:2021 arg1 implant 2059:2065 the BGS implant 2051:2065 the BGS implant 2051:2065 Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses showed that the expression of bone-related proteins in the BGS implant was significantly higher than in the PGHC implant. 29055138 0 37 theme gelatin/chitosan 77:92 arg1 hydrogel 107:114 gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel 77:114 gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel 77:114 Effects of a bone graft substitute consisting of porous gradient HA/ZrO2 and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing BMP-2 and BMSCs on lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey. 29055138 4 38 theme distributed 794:804 arg1 microspheres 815:826 uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres 784:826 uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres 784:826 The morphological characteristics of the BGS evaluated by a scanning electron microscope showed that it had a three-dimensional network structure with uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres on the surfaces of the graft material and the interior of the pores. 29055138 3 39 theme porous 399:404 arg1 PGHC 450:453 porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel 399:497 PGHC 450:453 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 5 40 theme rhesus 1037:1042 arg1 monkeys 1044:1050 24 healthy rhesus monkeys 1026:1050 24 healthy rhesus monkeys 1026:1050 Then, BGS (Group A), PGHC (Group B), or autologous bone (Group C) was implanted into lumbar vertebral body defects in a total of 24 healthy rhesus monkeys. 29055138 5 41 theme autologous 937:946 arg1 bone 948:951 autologous bone 937:951 autologous bone (Group C) 937:961 Then, BGS (Group A), PGHC (Group B), or autologous bone (Group C) was implanted into lumbar vertebral body defects in a total of 24 healthy rhesus monkeys. 29055138 5 41 theme autologous 937:946 arg1 C 960:960 Group C 954:960 Group C 954:960 Then, BGS (Group A), PGHC (Group B), or autologous bone (Group C) was implanted into lumbar vertebral body defects in a total of 24 healthy rhesus monkeys. 29055138 3 42 theme bone 357:360 arg1 graft 362:366 a novel bone graft substitute 349:377 a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells 349:569 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 3 42 theme bone 357:360 arg1 BGS 380:382 BGS 380:382 BGS 380:382 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 12 43 theme bone 2215:2218 arg1 repair 2227:2232 vertebral bone defect repair 2205:2232 vertebral bone defect repair 2205:2232 Therefore, BGS use in vertebral bone defect repair appears promising. 29055138 6 44 theme endothelial 1372:1382 arg1 factor 1391:1396 vascular endothelial growth factor 1363:1396 vascular endothelial growth factor 1363:1396 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 4 45 theme network 761:767 arg1 structure 769:777 a three-dimensional network structure 741:777 a three-dimensional network structure with uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres 741:826 The morphological characteristics of the BGS evaluated by a scanning electron microscope showed that it had a three-dimensional network structure with uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres on the surfaces of the graft material and the interior of the pores. 29055138 0 46 theme porous 49:54 arg1 HA/ZrO2 65:71 porous gradient HA/ZrO2 49:71 porous gradient HA/ZrO2 49:71 Effects of a bone graft substitute consisting of porous gradient HA/ZrO2 and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing BMP-2 and BMSCs on lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey. 29055138 3 47 theme hydroxyapatite/zirconia 415:437 arg1 PGHC 450:453 porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel 399:497 PGHC 450:453 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 0 48 theme graft 18:22 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of a bone graft substitute consisting of porous gradient HA/ZrO2 and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel 0:114 Effects of a bone graft substitute consisting of porous gradient HA/ZrO2 and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing BMP-2 and BMSCs on lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey. 29055138 5 49 from defects 1004:1010 arg1 total 1017:1021 a total 1015:1021 a total of 24 healthy rhesus monkeys 1015:1050 Then, BGS (Group A), PGHC (Group B), or autologous bone (Group C) was implanted into lumbar vertebral body defects in a total of 24 healthy rhesus monkeys. 29055138 4 50 theme graft 851:855 arg1 material 857:864 the graft material 847:864 the graft material 847:864 The morphological characteristics of the BGS evaluated by a scanning electron microscope showed that it had a three-dimensional network structure with uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres on the surfaces of the graft material and the interior of the pores. 29055138 3 51 theme gelatin/chitosan 460:475 arg1 hydrogel 490:497 porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel 399:497 hydrogel 490:497 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 0 52 dep graft 18:22 arg1 substitute 24:33 substitute 24:33 substitute 24:33 Effects of a bone graft substitute consisting of porous gradient HA/ZrO2 and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing BMP-2 and BMSCs on lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey. 29055138 10 53 theme bone-related 2026:2037 arg1 proteins 2039:2046 bone-related proteins 2026:2046 bone-related proteins 2026:2046 Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses showed that the expression of bone-related proteins in the BGS implant was significantly higher than in the PGHC implant. 29055138 8 54 theme microcomputed 1576:1588 arg1 scanning 1601:1608 microcomputed tomography scanning 1576:1608 microcomputed tomography scanning 1576:1608 Radiography, microcomputed tomography scanning, and histomorphological characterization showed that the newly formed bone volume in the interior of the pores in the BGS was significantly higher than in the PGHC. 29055138 1 55 theme important 222:230 arg1 role 232:235 an important role 219:235 an important role 219:235 Dense biomaterial plays an important role in bone replacement. 29055138 9 56 theme biomechanical 1790:1802 arg1 testing 1804:1810 biomechanical testing 1790:1810 biomechanical testing 1790:1810 The results of biomechanical testing indicated that the vertebral body compression strength of the PGHC implant was lower than the other implants. 29055138 0 57 from BMSCs 137:141 arg1 repair 170:175 lumbar vertebral defect repair 146:175 lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey 146:192 Effects of a bone graft substitute consisting of porous gradient HA/ZrO2 and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing BMP-2 and BMSCs on lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey. 29055138 8 58 from volume 1685:1690 arg1 interior 1699:1706 the interior 1695:1706 the interior of the pores in the BGS 1695:1730 Radiography, microcomputed tomography scanning, and histomorphological characterization showed that the newly formed bone volume in the interior of the pores in the BGS was significantly higher than in the PGHC. 29055138 3 59 theme bone 510:513 arg1 protein 529:535 bone morphogenetic protein 2 510:537 bone morphogenetic protein 2 510:537 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 10 60 theme BGS 2055:2057 arg1 implant 2059:2065 the BGS implant 2051:2065 the BGS implant 2051:2065 Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses showed that the expression of bone-related proteins in the BGS implant was significantly higher than in the PGHC implant. 29055138 0 61 from BMP-2 127:131 arg1 repair 170:175 lumbar vertebral defect repair 146:175 lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey 146:192 Effects of a bone graft substitute consisting of porous gradient HA/ZrO2 and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing BMP-2 and BMSCs on lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey. 29055138 0 62 theme rhesus 180:185 arg1 monkey 187:192 rhesus monkey 180:192 rhesus monkey 180:192 Effects of a bone graft substitute consisting of porous gradient HA/ZrO2 and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing BMP-2 and BMSCs on lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey. 29055138 4 63 theme pores 890:894 arg1 interior 874:881 the interior 870:881 the interior of the pores 870:894 The morphological characteristics of the BGS evaluated by a scanning electron microscope showed that it had a three-dimensional network structure with uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres on the surfaces of the graft material and the interior of the pores. 29055138 4 63 theme pores 890:894 arg1 surfaces 835:842 the surfaces 831:842 the surfaces of the graft material 831:864 The morphological characteristics of the BGS evaluated by a scanning electron microscope showed that it had a three-dimensional network structure with uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres on the surfaces of the graft material and the interior of the pores. 29055138 9 64 theme body 1841:1844 arg1 strength 1858:1865 the vertebral body compression strength 1827:1865 the vertebral body compression strength of the PGHC implant 1827:1885 The results of biomechanical testing indicated that the vertebral body compression strength of the PGHC implant was lower than the other implants. 29055138 9 64 theme body 1841:1844 arg1 lower 1891:1895 lower 1891:1895 lower 1891:1895 The results of biomechanical testing indicated that the vertebral body compression strength of the PGHC implant was lower than the other implants. 29055138 4 65 theme material 857:864 arg1 interior 874:881 the interior 870:881 the interior of the pores 870:894 The morphological characteristics of the BGS evaluated by a scanning electron microscope showed that it had a three-dimensional network structure with uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres on the surfaces of the graft material and the interior of the pores. 29055138 4 65 theme material 857:864 arg1 surfaces 835:842 the surfaces 831:842 the surfaces of the graft material 831:864 The morphological characteristics of the BGS evaluated by a scanning electron microscope showed that it had a three-dimensional network structure with uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres on the surfaces of the graft material and the interior of the pores. 29055138 6 66 theme lateral 1095:1101 arg1 radiographs 1103:1113 anteroposterior and lateral radiographs 1075:1113 anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, 1075:1397 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 67 theme anteroposterior 1075:1089 arg1 radiographs 1103:1113 anteroposterior and lateral radiographs 1075:1113 anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, 1075:1397 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 10 68 theme PGHC 2104:2107 arg1 implant 2109:2115 the PGHC implant 2100:2115 the PGHC implant 2100:2115 Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses showed that the expression of bone-related proteins in the BGS implant was significantly higher than in the PGHC implant. 29055138 4 69 theme BGS 674:676 arg1 characteristics 651:665 The morphological characteristics 633:665 The morphological characteristics of the BGS evaluated by a scanning electron microscope 633:720 The morphological characteristics of the BGS evaluated by a scanning electron microscope showed that it had a three-dimensional network structure with uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres on the surfaces of the graft material and the interior of the pores. 29055138 2 70 theme cell 291:294 arg1 migration 296:304 bone cell migration 286:304 bone cell migration 286:304 However, it fails to induce bone cell migration into graft material. 29055138 8 71 theme bone 1680:1683 arg1 volume 1685:1690 the newly formed bone volume 1663:1690 the newly formed bone volume in the interior of the pores in the BGS 1663:1730 Radiography, microcomputed tomography scanning, and histomorphological characterization showed that the newly formed bone volume in the interior of the pores in the BGS was significantly higher than in the PGHC. 29055138 8 71 theme bone 1680:1683 arg1 higher 1750:1755 higher 1750:1755 higher 1750:1755 Radiography, microcomputed tomography scanning, and histomorphological characterization showed that the newly formed bone volume in the interior of the pores in the BGS was significantly higher than in the PGHC. 29055138 1 72 theme Dense 195:199 arg1 biomaterial 201:211 Dense biomaterial 195:211 Dense biomaterial 195:211 Dense biomaterial plays an important role in bone replacement. 29055138 9 73 theme implant 1879:1885 arg1 strength 1858:1865 the vertebral body compression strength 1827:1865 the vertebral body compression strength of the PGHC implant 1827:1885 The results of biomechanical testing indicated that the vertebral body compression strength of the PGHC implant was lower than the other implants. 29055138 9 73 theme implant 1879:1885 arg1 lower 1891:1895 lower 1891:1895 lower 1891:1895 The results of biomechanical testing indicated that the vertebral body compression strength of the PGHC implant was lower than the other implants. 29055138 8 74 from BGS 1728:1730 arg1 interior 1699:1706 the interior 1695:1706 the interior of the pores in the BGS 1695:1730 Radiography, microcomputed tomography scanning, and histomorphological characterization showed that the newly formed bone volume in the interior of the pores in the BGS was significantly higher than in the PGHC. 29055138 4 75 with structure 769:777 arg1 microspheres 815:826 uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres 784:826 uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres 784:826 The morphological characteristics of the BGS evaluated by a scanning electron microscope showed that it had a three-dimensional network structure with uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres on the surfaces of the graft material and the interior of the pores. 29055138 8 76 from interior 1699:1706 arg1 BGS 1728:1730 the BGS 1724:1730 the BGS 1724:1730 Radiography, microcomputed tomography scanning, and histomorphological characterization showed that the newly formed bone volume in the interior of the pores in the BGS was significantly higher than in the PGHC. 29055138 8 77 theme tomography 1590:1599 arg1 scanning 1601:1608 microcomputed tomography scanning 1576:1608 microcomputed tomography scanning 1576:1608 Radiography, microcomputed tomography scanning, and histomorphological characterization showed that the newly formed bone volume in the interior of the pores in the BGS was significantly higher than in the PGHC. 29055138 4 78 theme morphological 637:649 arg1 characteristics 651:665 The morphological characteristics 633:665 The morphological characteristics of the BGS evaluated by a scanning electron microscope 633:720 The morphological characteristics of the BGS evaluated by a scanning electron microscope showed that it had a three-dimensional network structure with uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres on the surfaces of the graft material and the interior of the pores. 29055138 10 79 theme Reverse-transcription 1922:1942 arg1 reaction 1961:1968 Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction 1922:1968 Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction 1922:1968 Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses showed that the expression of bone-related proteins in the BGS implant was significantly higher than in the PGHC implant. 29055138 0 80 theme vertebral 153:161 arg1 repair 170:175 lumbar vertebral defect repair 146:175 lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey 146:192 Effects of a bone graft substitute consisting of porous gradient HA/ZrO2 and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing BMP-2 and BMSCs on lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey. 29055138 5 81 theme Group 908:912 arg1 BGS 903:905 BGS 903:905 BGS (Group A) 903:915 Then, BGS (Group A), PGHC (Group B), or autologous bone (Group C) was implanted into lumbar vertebral body defects in a total of 24 healthy rhesus monkeys. 29055138 5 81 theme Group 908:912 arg1 A 914:914 Group A 908:914 Group A 908:914 Then, BGS (Group A), PGHC (Group B), or autologous bone (Group C) was implanted into lumbar vertebral body defects in a total of 24 healthy rhesus monkeys. 29055138 7 82 theme vertebral 1527:1535 arg1 defect 1537:1542 the lumbar vertebral defect 1516:1542 the lumbar vertebral defect in rhesus monkeys 1516:1560 The BGS displayed excellent ability to repair the lumbar vertebral defect in rhesus monkeys. 29055138 5 83 theme vertebral 989:997 arg1 body 999:1002 lumbar vertebral body 982:1002 lumbar vertebral body defects in a total of 24 healthy rhesus monkeys 982:1050 Then, BGS (Group A), PGHC (Group B), or autologous bone (Group C) was implanted into lumbar vertebral body defects in a total of 24 healthy rhesus monkeys. 29055138 3 84 theme vertebral 614:622 arg1 defects 624:630 repair lumbar vertebral defects 600:630 repair lumbar vertebral defects 600:630 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 3 85 theme mesenchymal 548:558 arg1 cells 565:569 bone mesenchymal stem cells 543:569 bone mesenchymal stem cells 543:569 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 0 86 theme gradient 56:63 arg1 HA/ZrO2 65:71 porous gradient HA/ZrO2 49:71 porous gradient HA/ZrO2 49:71 Effects of a bone graft substitute consisting of porous gradient HA/ZrO2 and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing BMP-2 and BMSCs on lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey. 29055138 3 87 theme repair 600:605 arg1 defects 624:630 repair lumbar vertebral defects 600:630 repair lumbar vertebral defects 600:630 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 3 88 contain containing 499:508 arg2 protein 529:535 bone morphogenetic protein 2 510:537 bone morphogenetic protein 2 510:537 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 3 88 contain containing 499:508 arg2 cells 565:569 bone mesenchymal stem cells 543:569 bone mesenchymal stem cells 543:569 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 3 88 contain containing 499:508 arg1 PGHC 450:453 porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel 399:497 PGHC 450:453 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 6 89 theme lumbar 1122:1127 arg1 testing 1219:1225 biochemical testing 1207:1225 biochemical testing 1207:1225 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 89 theme lumbar 1122:1127 arg1 histomorphometry 1162:1177 histomorphometry 1162:1177 histomorphometry 1162:1177 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 89 theme lumbar 1122:1127 arg1 spine 1129:1133 the lumbar spine 1118:1133 the lumbar spine 1118:1133 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 89 theme lumbar 1122:1127 arg1 tomography 1150:1159 microcomputed tomography 1136:1159 microcomputed tomography 1136:1159 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 6 89 theme lumbar 1122:1127 arg1 testing 1194:1200 biomechanical testing 1180:1200 biomechanical testing 1180:1200 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 10 90 theme chain 1955:1959 arg1 reaction 1961:1968 Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction 1922:1968 Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction 1922:1968 Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses showed that the expression of bone-related proteins in the BGS implant was significantly higher than in the PGHC implant. 29055138 6 91 theme fibroblast 1311:1320 arg1 factor 1329:1334 basic fibroblast growth factor 1305:1334 basic fibroblast growth factor 1305:1334 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 7 92 theme excellent 1488:1496 arg1 ability 1498:1504 excellent ability 1488:1504 excellent ability to repair the lumbar vertebral defect in rhesus monkeys 1488:1560 The BGS displayed excellent ability to repair the lumbar vertebral defect in rhesus monkeys. 29055138 11 93 theme autologous 2166:2175 arg1 bone 2177:2180 autologous bone 2166:2180 autologous bone 2166:2180 The BGS displayed reparative effects similar to autologous bone. 29055138 4 94 theme scanning 693:700 arg1 microscope 711:720 a scanning electron microscope 691:720 a scanning electron microscope 691:720 The morphological characteristics of the BGS evaluated by a scanning electron microscope showed that it had a three-dimensional network structure with uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres on the surfaces of the graft material and the interior of the pores. 29055138 0 95 theme slow-release 94:105 arg1 hydrogel 107:114 gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel 77:114 gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel 77:114 Effects of a bone graft substitute consisting of porous gradient HA/ZrO2 and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing BMP-2 and BMSCs on lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey. 29055138 2 96 theme bone 286:289 arg1 migration 296:304 bone cell migration 286:304 bone cell migration 286:304 However, it fails to induce bone cell migration into graft material. 29055138 12 97 theme vertebral 2205:2213 arg1 repair 2227:2232 vertebral bone defect repair 2205:2232 vertebral bone defect repair 2205:2232 Therefore, BGS use in vertebral bone defect repair appears promising. 29055138 3 98 dep graft 362:366 arg1 substitute 368:377 substitute 368:377 substitute 368:377 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 10 99 theme blot 1982:1985 arg1 analyses 1987:1994 western blot analyses 1974:1994 western blot analyses 1974:1994 Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses showed that the expression of bone-related proteins in the BGS implant was significantly higher than in the PGHC implant. 29055138 5 100 theme healthy 1029:1035 arg1 monkeys 1044:1050 24 healthy rhesus monkeys 1026:1050 24 healthy rhesus monkeys 1026:1050 Then, BGS (Group A), PGHC (Group B), or autologous bone (Group C) was implanted into lumbar vertebral body defects in a total of 24 healthy rhesus monkeys. 29055138 3 101 theme present 334:340 arg1 study 342:346 the present study 330:346 the present study 330:346 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 12 102 theme defect 2220:2225 arg1 repair 2227:2232 vertebral bone defect repair 2205:2232 vertebral bone defect repair 2205:2232 Therefore, BGS use in vertebral bone defect repair appears promising. 29055138 12 103 theme BGS 2194:2196 arg1 use 2198:2200 BGS use 2194:2200 BGS use in vertebral bone defect repair 2194:2232 Therefore, BGS use in vertebral bone defect repair appears promising. 29055138 3 104 theme gradient 406:413 arg1 PGHC 450:453 porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel 399:497 PGHC 450:453 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 6 105 theme growth 1384:1389 arg1 factor 1391:1396 vascular endothelial growth factor 1363:1396 vascular endothelial growth factor 1363:1396 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 5 106 theme monkeys 1044:1050 arg1 total 1017:1021 a total 1015:1021 a total of 24 healthy rhesus monkeys 1015:1050 Then, BGS (Group A), PGHC (Group B), or autologous bone (Group C) was implanted into lumbar vertebral body defects in a total of 24 healthy rhesus monkeys. 29055138 0 107 theme bone 13:16 arg1 graft 18:22 a bone graft substitute 11:33 a bone graft substitute consisting of porous gradient HA/ZrO2 and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel 11:114 Effects of a bone graft substitute consisting of porous gradient HA/ZrO2 and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing BMP-2 and BMSCs on lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey. 29055138 5 108 theme Group 924:928 arg1 PGHC 918:921 PGHC 918:921 PGHC (Group B) 918:931 Then, BGS (Group A), PGHC (Group B), or autologous bone (Group C) was implanted into lumbar vertebral body defects in a total of 24 healthy rhesus monkeys. 29055138 5 108 theme Group 924:928 arg1 B 930:930 Group B 924:930 Group B 924:930 Then, BGS (Group A), PGHC (Group B), or autologous bone (Group C) was implanted into lumbar vertebral body defects in a total of 24 healthy rhesus monkeys. 29055138 3 109 theme novel 351:355 arg1 graft 362:366 a novel bone graft substitute 349:377 a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells 349:569 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 3 109 theme novel 351:355 arg1 BGS 380:382 BGS 380:382 BGS 380:382 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 4 110 theme three-dimensional 743:759 arg1 structure 769:777 a three-dimensional network structure 741:777 a three-dimensional network structure with uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres 741:826 The morphological characteristics of the BGS evaluated by a scanning electron microscope showed that it had a three-dimensional network structure with uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres on the surfaces of the graft material and the interior of the pores. 29055138 11 111 theme similar 2155:2161 arg1 effects 2147:2153 reparative effects 2136:2153 reparative effects similar to autologous bone 2136:2180 The BGS displayed reparative effects similar to autologous bone. 29055138 3 112 theme composite 439:447 arg1 PGHC 450:453 porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel 399:497 PGHC 450:453 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 6 113 theme alkaline 1337:1344 arg1 phosphatase 1346:1356 alkaline phosphatase 1337:1356 alkaline phosphatase 1337:1356 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 11 114 theme reparative 2136:2145 arg1 effects 2147:2153 reparative effects 2136:2153 reparative effects similar to autologous bone 2136:2180 The BGS displayed reparative effects similar to autologous bone. 29055138 3 115 theme slow-release 477:488 arg1 hydrogel 490:497 porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel 399:497 hydrogel 490:497 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 6 116 theme reparative 1429:1438 arg1 efficacy 1440:1447 the reparative efficacy 1425:1447 the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC 1425:1467 After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. 29055138 4 117 theme chitosan 806:813 arg1 microspheres 815:826 uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres 784:826 uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres 784:826 The morphological characteristics of the BGS evaluated by a scanning electron microscope showed that it had a three-dimensional network structure with uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres on the surfaces of the graft material and the interior of the pores. 29055138 2 118 theme graft 311:315 arg1 material 317:324 graft material 311:324 graft material 311:324 However, it fails to induce bone cell migration into graft material. 29055138 5 119 theme Group 954:958 arg1 bone 948:951 autologous bone 937:951 autologous bone (Group C) 937:961 Then, BGS (Group A), PGHC (Group B), or autologous bone (Group C) was implanted into lumbar vertebral body defects in a total of 24 healthy rhesus monkeys. 29055138 5 119 theme Group 954:958 arg1 C 960:960 Group C 954:960 Group C 954:960 Then, BGS (Group A), PGHC (Group B), or autologous bone (Group C) was implanted into lumbar vertebral body defects in a total of 24 healthy rhesus monkeys. 29055138 9 120 theme testing 1804:1810 arg1 results 1779:1785 The results 1775:1785 The results of biomechanical testing 1775:1810 The results of biomechanical testing indicated that the vertebral body compression strength of the PGHC implant was lower than the other implants. 29055138 3 121 theme morphogenetic 515:527 arg1 protein 529:535 bone morphogenetic protein 2 510:537 bone morphogenetic protein 2 510:537 In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. 29055138 8 122 theme histomorphological 1615:1632 arg1 characterization 1634:1649 histomorphological characterization 1615:1649 histomorphological characterization 1615:1649 Radiography, microcomputed tomography scanning, and histomorphological characterization showed that the newly formed bone volume in the interior of the pores in the BGS was significantly higher than in the PGHC. 29055138 1 123 theme bone 240:243 arg1 replacement 245:255 bone replacement 240:255 bone replacement 240:255 Dense biomaterial plays an important role in bone replacement. 28213180 4 0 theme sugarcane 969:977 arg1 plants 979:984 P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants 953:984 P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants 953:984 The most noticeable difference between the two genotypes was an almost two-fold increase in the accumulation of sucrose in the stem internodes of P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants. 28213180 5 1 theme soluble 1117:1123 arg1 content 1131:1137 high soluble sugar content 1112:1137 high soluble sugar content 1112:1137 The results presented in this work showed that transgenic sugarcane plants with increased levels of free proline accumulates high soluble sugar content and, therefore, may represent a novel genotype for improving sugarcane cultivars. 28213180 2 2 theme synthetase 605:614 arg1 gene 623:626 a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene 569:626 a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia 569:650 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 2 3 theme free 349:352 arg1 proline 354:360 free proline 349:360 free proline 349:360 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 2 4 theme metabolic 457:465 arg1 profiling 467:475 a metabolic profiling 455:475 a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia 455:650 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 5 5 theme sugar 1125:1129 arg1 content 1131:1137 high soluble sugar content 1112:1137 high soluble sugar content 1112:1137 The results presented in this work showed that transgenic sugarcane plants with increased levels of free proline accumulates high soluble sugar content and, therefore, may represent a novel genotype for improving sugarcane cultivars. 28213180 2 6 theme Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate 578:603 arg1 gene 623:626 a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene 569:626 a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia 569:650 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 2 7 from expression 555:564 arg1 aconitifolia 639:650 Vigna aconitifolia 633:650 Vigna aconitifolia 633:650 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 2 8 theme symplastic 508:517 arg1 sap 519:521 symplastic sap 508:521 symplastic sap 508:521 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 5 9 theme high 1112:1115 arg1 content 1131:1137 high soluble sugar content 1112:1137 high soluble sugar content 1112:1137 The results presented in this work showed that transgenic sugarcane plants with increased levels of free proline accumulates high soluble sugar content and, therefore, may represent a novel genotype for improving sugarcane cultivars. 28213180 2 10 theme mutant 571:576 arg1 gene 623:626 a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene 569:626 a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia 569:650 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 3 11 from content 719:725 arg1 sap 734:736 the sap 730:736 the sap of transgenic plants compared to the non-transformed control plants 730:804 However, there was not a significant increase in the free proline content in the sap of transgenic plants compared to the non-transformed control plants. 28213180 3 12 theme free 706:709 arg1 content 719:725 the free proline content 702:725 the free proline content in the sap of transgenic plants compared to the non-transformed control plants 702:804 However, there was not a significant increase in the free proline content in the sap of transgenic plants compared to the non-transformed control plants. 28213180 2 13 theme Vigna 633:637 arg1 aconitifolia 639:650 Vigna aconitifolia 633:650 Vigna aconitifolia 633:650 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 4 14 theme plants 979:984 arg1 internodes 939:948 the stem internodes 930:948 the stem internodes of P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants 930:984 The most noticeable difference between the two genotypes was an almost two-fold increase in the accumulation of sucrose in the stem internodes of P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants. 28213180 2 15 theme sugars 328:333 arg1 concentrations 304:317 the concentrations 300:317 the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins 300:380 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 2 16 theme fraction 496:503 arg1 profiling 467:475 a metabolic profiling 455:475 a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia 455:650 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 0 17 from sugarcane 47:55 arg1 composition 12:22 Biochemical composition 0:22 Biochemical composition of symplastic sap from sugarcane 0:55 Biochemical composition of symplastic sap from sugarcane genetically modified to overproduce proline. 28213180 2 18 theme gene 623:626 arg1 expression 555:564 the constitutive expression 538:564 the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia 538:650 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 5 19 theme sugarcane 1200:1208 arg1 cultivars 1210:1218 sugarcane cultivars 1200:1218 sugarcane cultivars 1200:1218 The results presented in this work showed that transgenic sugarcane plants with increased levels of free proline accumulates high soluble sugar content and, therefore, may represent a novel genotype for improving sugarcane cultivars. 28213180 2 20 theme total 367:371 arg1 proteins 373:380 total proteins 367:380 total proteins 367:380 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 2 21 theme water-soluble 482:494 arg1 fraction 496:503 a water-soluble fraction 480:503 a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap 480:521 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 5 22 theme proline 1092:1098 arg1 levels 1077:1082 increased levels 1067:1082 increased levels of free proline 1067:1098 The results presented in this work showed that transgenic sugarcane plants with increased levels of free proline accumulates high soluble sugar content and, therefore, may represent a novel genotype for improving sugarcane cultivars. 28213180 4 23 theme noticeable 816:825 arg1 increase 887:894 an almost two-fold increase 868:894 an almost two-fold increase in the accumulation of sucrose in the stem internodes of P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants 868:984 The most noticeable difference between the two genotypes was an almost two-fold increase in the accumulation of sucrose in the stem internodes of P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants. 28213180 4 23 theme noticeable 816:825 arg1 difference 827:836 The most noticeable difference 807:836 The most noticeable difference between the two genotypes 807:862 The most noticeable difference between the two genotypes was an almost two-fold increase in the accumulation of sucrose in the stem internodes of P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants. 28213180 5 24 theme free 1087:1090 arg1 proline 1092:1098 free proline 1087:1098 free proline 1087:1098 The results presented in this work showed that transgenic sugarcane plants with increased levels of free proline accumulates high soluble sugar content and, therefore, may represent a novel genotype for improving sugarcane cultivars. 28213180 2 25 theme proteins 373:380 arg1 concentrations 304:317 the concentrations 300:317 the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins 300:380 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 5 26 theme increased 1067:1075 arg1 levels 1077:1082 increased levels 1067:1082 increased levels of free proline 1067:1098 The results presented in this work showed that transgenic sugarcane plants with increased levels of free proline accumulates high soluble sugar content and, therefore, may represent a novel genotype for improving sugarcane cultivars. 28213180 4 27 theme transgenic 958:967 arg1 plants 979:984 P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants 953:984 P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants 953:984 The most noticeable difference between the two genotypes was an almost two-fold increase in the accumulation of sucrose in the stem internodes of P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants. 28213180 2 28 theme P5CS 617:620 arg1 gene 623:626 a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene 569:626 a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia 569:650 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 2 29 theme total 322:326 arg1 sugars 328:333 total sugars 322:333 total sugars 322:333 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 3 30 theme proline 711:717 arg1 content 719:725 the free proline content 702:725 the free proline content in the sap of transgenic plants compared to the non-transformed control plants 702:804 However, there was not a significant increase in the free proline content in the sap of transgenic plants compared to the non-transformed control plants. 28213180 1 31 theme economic 190:197 arg1 impact 199:204 its economic impact 186:204 its economic impact on sustainable energy production 186:237 Global interest in sugarcane has increased significantly in recent years because of its economic impact on sustainable energy production. 28213180 0 32 theme Biochemical 0:10 arg1 composition 12:22 Biochemical composition 0:22 Biochemical composition of symplastic sap from sugarcane 0:55 Biochemical composition of symplastic sap from sugarcane genetically modified to overproduce proline. 28213180 1 33 theme Global 102:107 arg1 interest 109:116 Global interest 102:116 Global interest in sugarcane 102:129 Global interest in sugarcane has increased significantly in recent years because of its economic impact on sustainable energy production. 28213180 0 34 theme symplastic 27:36 arg1 sap 38:40 symplastic sap 27:40 symplastic sap 27:40 Biochemical composition of symplastic sap from sugarcane genetically modified to overproduce proline. 28213180 4 35 theme stem 934:937 arg1 internodes 939:948 the stem internodes 930:948 the stem internodes of P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants 930:984 The most noticeable difference between the two genotypes was an almost two-fold increase in the accumulation of sucrose in the stem internodes of P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants. 28213180 2 36 theme nuclear 411:417 arg1 NMR 439:441 NMR 439:441 NMR 439:441 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 2 36 theme nuclear 411:417 arg1 resonance 428:436 nuclear magnetic resonance 411:436 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 411:442 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 2 37 theme magnetic 419:426 arg1 NMR 439:441 NMR 439:441 NMR 439:441 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 2 37 theme magnetic 419:426 arg1 resonance 428:436 nuclear magnetic resonance 411:436 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 411:442 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 2 38 from profiling 467:475 arg1 response 526:533 response 526:533 response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia 526:650 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 5 39 with plants 1055:1060 arg1 levels 1077:1082 increased levels 1067:1082 increased levels of free proline 1067:1098 The results presented in this work showed that transgenic sugarcane plants with increased levels of free proline accumulates high soluble sugar content and, therefore, may represent a novel genotype for improving sugarcane cultivars. 28213180 1 40 theme sustainable 209:219 arg1 production 228:237 sustainable energy production 209:237 sustainable energy production 209:237 Global interest in sugarcane has increased significantly in recent years because of its economic impact on sustainable energy production. 28213180 5 41 theme novel 1171:1175 arg1 genotype 1177:1184 a novel genotype 1169:1184 a novel genotype for improving sugarcane cultivars 1169:1218 The results presented in this work showed that transgenic sugarcane plants with increased levels of free proline accumulates high soluble sugar content and, therefore, may represent a novel genotype for improving sugarcane cultivars. 28213180 4 42 theme sucrose 919:925 arg1 accumulation 903:914 the accumulation 899:914 the accumulation of sucrose in the stem internodes of P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants 899:984 The most noticeable difference between the two genotypes was an almost two-fold increase in the accumulation of sucrose in the stem internodes of P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants. 28213180 1 43 theme energy 221:226 arg1 production 228:237 sustainable energy production 209:237 sustainable energy production 209:237 Global interest in sugarcane has increased significantly in recent years because of its economic impact on sustainable energy production. 28213180 0 44 theme sap 38:40 arg1 composition 12:22 Biochemical composition 0:22 Biochemical composition of symplastic sap from sugarcane 0:55 Biochemical composition of symplastic sap from sugarcane genetically modified to overproduce proline. 28213180 3 45 theme plants 752:757 arg1 sap 734:736 the sap 730:736 the sap of transgenic plants compared to the non-transformed control plants 730:804 However, there was not a significant increase in the free proline content in the sap of transgenic plants compared to the non-transformed control plants. 28213180 2 46 theme sap 519:521 arg1 fraction 496:503 a water-soluble fraction 480:503 a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap 480:521 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 4 47 from accumulation 903:914 arg1 internodes 939:948 the stem internodes 930:948 the stem internodes of P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants 930:984 The most noticeable difference between the two genotypes was an almost two-fold increase in the accumulation of sucrose in the stem internodes of P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants. 28213180 2 48 theme colorimetric 385:396 arg1 analyses 398:405 colorimetric analyses 385:405 colorimetric analyses 385:405 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 5 49 dep accumulates 1100:1110 arg1 represent 1159:1167 represent 1159:1167 may represent a novel genotype for improving sugarcane cultivars 1155:1218 The results presented in this work showed that transgenic sugarcane plants with increased levels of free proline accumulates high soluble sugar content and, therefore, may represent a novel genotype for improving sugarcane cultivars. 28213180 4 50 theme two-fold 878:885 arg1 increase 887:894 an almost two-fold increase 868:894 an almost two-fold increase in the accumulation of sucrose in the stem internodes of P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants 868:984 The most noticeable difference between the two genotypes was an almost two-fold increase in the accumulation of sucrose in the stem internodes of P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants. 28213180 4 50 theme two-fold 878:885 arg1 difference 827:836 The most noticeable difference 807:836 The most noticeable difference between the two genotypes 807:862 The most noticeable difference between the two genotypes was an almost two-fold increase in the accumulation of sucrose in the stem internodes of P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants. 28213180 2 51 theme acids 342:346 arg1 concentrations 304:317 the concentrations 300:317 the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins 300:380 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 3 52 from increase 690:697 arg1 content 719:725 the free proline content 702:725 the free proline content in the sap of transgenic plants compared to the non-transformed control plants 702:804 However, there was not a significant increase in the free proline content in the sap of transgenic plants compared to the non-transformed control plants. 28213180 3 53 theme significant 678:688 arg1 increase 690:697 a significant increase 676:697 a significant increase in the free proline content in the sap of transgenic plants compared to the non-transformed control plants 676:804 However, there was not a significant increase in the free proline content in the sap of transgenic plants compared to the non-transformed control plants. 28213180 2 54 theme amino 336:340 arg1 acids 342:346 amino acids 336:346 amino acids 336:346 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 1 55 from interest 109:116 arg1 sugarcane 121:129 sugarcane 121:129 sugarcane 121:129 Global interest in sugarcane has increased significantly in recent years because of its economic impact on sustainable energy production. 28213180 3 56 theme transgenic 741:750 arg1 plants 752:757 transgenic plants 741:757 transgenic plants 741:757 However, there was not a significant increase in the free proline content in the sap of transgenic plants compared to the non-transformed control plants. 28213180 2 57 theme constitutive 542:553 arg1 expression 555:564 the constitutive expression 538:564 the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia 538:650 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 4 58 from increase 887:894 arg1 accumulation 903:914 the accumulation 899:914 the accumulation of sucrose in the stem internodes of P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants 899:984 The most noticeable difference between the two genotypes was an almost two-fold increase in the accumulation of sucrose in the stem internodes of P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants. 28213180 3 59 theme non-transformed 775:789 arg1 plants 799:804 the non-transformed control plants 771:804 the non-transformed control plants 771:804 However, there was not a significant increase in the free proline content in the sap of transgenic plants compared to the non-transformed control plants. 28213180 5 60 theme transgenic 1034:1043 arg1 plants 1055:1060 transgenic sugarcane plants 1034:1060 transgenic sugarcane plants with increased levels of free proline 1034:1098 The results presented in this work showed that transgenic sugarcane plants with increased levels of free proline accumulates high soluble sugar content and, therefore, may represent a novel genotype for improving sugarcane cultivars. 28213180 2 61 theme study 267:271 arg1 purpose 244:250 The purpose 240:250 The purpose of the present study 240:271 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 2 62 theme proline 354:360 arg1 concentrations 304:317 the concentrations 300:317 the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins 300:380 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 3 63 theme control 791:797 arg1 plants 799:804 the non-transformed control plants 771:804 the non-transformed control plants 771:804 However, there was not a significant increase in the free proline content in the sap of transgenic plants compared to the non-transformed control plants. 28213180 4 64 theme P5CS 953:956 arg1 plants 979:984 P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants 953:984 P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants 953:984 The most noticeable difference between the two genotypes was an almost two-fold increase in the accumulation of sucrose in the stem internodes of P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants. 28213180 5 65 theme sugarcane 1045:1053 arg1 plants 1055:1060 transgenic sugarcane plants 1034:1060 transgenic sugarcane plants with increased levels of free proline 1034:1098 The results presented in this work showed that transgenic sugarcane plants with increased levels of free proline accumulates high soluble sugar content and, therefore, may represent a novel genotype for improving sugarcane cultivars. 28213180 2 66 theme present 259:265 arg1 study 267:271 the present study 255:271 the present study 255:271 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 1 67 from impact 199:204 arg1 production 228:237 sustainable energy production 209:237 sustainable energy production 209:237 Global interest in sugarcane has increased significantly in recent years because of its economic impact on sustainable energy production. 28213180 2 68 from changes 289:295 arg1 concentrations 304:317 the concentrations 300:317 the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins 300:380 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 2 69 from aconitifolia 639:650 arg1 expression 555:564 the constitutive expression 538:564 the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia 538:650 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 2 69 from aconitifolia 639:650 arg1 gene 623:626 a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene 569:626 a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia 569:650 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. 28213180 1 70 theme recent 162:167 arg1 years 169:173 recent years 162:173 recent years 162:173 Global interest in sugarcane has increased significantly in recent years because of its economic impact on sustainable energy production. 28777309 4 0 theme virus 856:860 arg1 infection 862:870 influenza A virus infection 844:870 influenza A virus infection 844:870 In this study, a number of IW3 and IW7 analogues with different structural modifications in 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit influenza A virus infection in vitro. 28777309 9 1 theme new 1766:1768 arg1 inhibition 1675:1684 inhibition 1675:1684 inhibition of influenza A virus infection by conjugates of uridine and 2-deoxy sugars 1675:1759 Therefore, inhibition of influenza A virus infection by conjugates of uridine and 2-deoxy sugars is a new promising approach for the development of new derivatives with anti-influenza activities. 28777309 9 1 theme new 1766:1768 arg1 approach 1780:1787 a new promising approach 1764:1787 a new promising approach for the development of new derivatives with anti-influenza activities 1764:1857 Therefore, inhibition of influenza A virus infection by conjugates of uridine and 2-deoxy sugars is a new promising approach for the development of new derivatives with anti-influenza activities. 28777309 8 2 theme studied 1554:1560 arg1 compounds 1562:1570 studied compounds 1554:1570 studied compounds 1554:1570 Moreover, an analysis of physicochemical properties of studied compounds demonstrated a significant linear correlation between lipophilicity and antiviral activity. 28777309 8 3 theme linear 1599:1604 arg1 correlation 1606:1616 a significant linear correlation 1585:1616 a significant linear correlation between lipophilicity and antiviral activity 1585:1661 Moreover, an analysis of physicochemical properties of studied compounds demonstrated a significant linear correlation between lipophilicity and antiviral activity. 28777309 5 4 from infection 1099:1107 arg1 cells 1145:1149 Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells 1112:1149 Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells 1112:1149 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 3 5 theme anti-influenza 536:549 arg1 activity 557:564 good anti-influenza virus activity 531:564 good anti-influenza virus activity 531:564 We have previously shown that two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives of uridine (designated IW3 and IW7) targeting the glycan processing steps during maturation of viral glycoproteins show good anti-influenza virus activity and may be a promising alternative approach for the development of new anti-influenza therapy. 28777309 8 6 theme physicochemical 1524:1538 arg1 properties 1540:1549 physicochemical properties 1524:1549 physicochemical properties of studied compounds 1524:1570 Moreover, an analysis of physicochemical properties of studied compounds demonstrated a significant linear correlation between lipophilicity and antiviral activity. 28777309 8 7 theme significant 1587:1597 arg1 correlation 1606:1616 a significant linear correlation 1585:1616 a significant linear correlation between lipophilicity and antiviral activity 1585:1661 Moreover, an analysis of physicochemical properties of studied compounds demonstrated a significant linear correlation between lipophilicity and antiviral activity. 28777309 1 8 theme morbidity 169:177 arg1 infection 139:147 Influenza virus infection 123:147 Influenza virus infection 123:147 Influenza virus infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. 28777309 1 8 theme morbidity 169:177 arg1 cause 160:164 a major cause 152:164 a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide 152:201 Influenza virus infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. 28777309 4 9 theme influenza 844:852 arg1 virus 856:860 influenza A virus 844:860 influenza A virus infection 844:870 In this study, a number of IW3 and IW7 analogues with different structural modifications in 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit influenza A virus infection in vitro. 28777309 2 10 theme new 294:296 arg1 drugs 313:317 new anti-influenza drugs 294:317 new anti-influenza drugs with broad spectrum protection 294:348 Due to the limited ability of currently available treatments, there is an urgent need for new anti-influenza drugs with broad spectrum protection. 28777309 1 11 theme mortality 183:191 arg1 infection 139:147 Influenza virus infection 123:147 Influenza virus infection 123:147 Influenza virus infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. 28777309 1 11 theme mortality 183:191 arg1 cause 160:164 a major cause 152:164 a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide 152:201 Influenza virus infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. 28777309 9 12 theme derivatives 1816:1826 arg1 development 1797:1807 the development 1793:1807 the development of new derivatives with anti-influenza activities 1793:1857 Therefore, inhibition of influenza A virus infection by conjugates of uridine and 2-deoxy sugars is a new promising approach for the development of new derivatives with anti-influenza activities. 28777309 6 13 theme type 1384:1387 arg1 virus 1398:1402 type A (H5N2) virus 1384:1402 type A (H5N2) virus 1384:1402 The most active compound (2) showed activity of 82 μM with a selectivity index value of 5.27 against type A (H5N2) virus. 28777309 1 14 theme Influenza 123:131 arg1 infection 139:147 Influenza virus infection 123:147 Influenza virus infection 123:147 Influenza virus infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. 28777309 1 14 theme Influenza 123:131 arg1 cause 160:164 a major cause 152:164 a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide 152:201 Influenza virus infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. 28777309 9 15 theme anti-influenza 1833:1846 arg1 activities 1848:1857 anti-influenza activities 1833:1857 anti-influenza activities 1833:1857 Therefore, inhibition of influenza A virus infection by conjugates of uridine and 2-deoxy sugars is a new promising approach for the development of new derivatives with anti-influenza activities. 28777309 3 16 theme alternative 589:599 arg1 approach 601:608 a promising alternative approach 577:608 a promising alternative approach for the development of new anti-influenza therapy 577:658 We have previously shown that two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives of uridine (designated IW3 and IW7) targeting the glycan processing steps during maturation of viral glycoproteins show good anti-influenza virus activity and may be a promising alternative approach for the development of new anti-influenza therapy. 28777309 8 17 theme antiviral 1644:1652 arg1 activity 1654:1661 antiviral activity 1644:1661 antiviral activity 1644:1661 Moreover, an analysis of physicochemical properties of studied compounds demonstrated a significant linear correlation between lipophilicity and antiviral activity. 28777309 5 18 theme effect 903:908 arg1 assay 927:931 the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay 888:931 the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay 888:931 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 7 19 theme glycoprotein 1458:1469 arg1 formation 1442:1450 the formation 1438:1450 the formation of HA glycoprotein 1438:1469 Additionally, compound 2 reduced the formation of HA glycoprotein in a dose-dependent manner. 28777309 4 20 theme analogues 700:708 arg1 number 678:683 a number 676:683 a number of IW3 and IW7 analogues with different structural modifications in 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts 676:782 In this study, a number of IW3 and IW7 analogues with different structural modifications in 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit influenza A virus infection in vitro. 28777309 2 21 theme treatments 254:263 arg1 ability 223:229 the limited ability 211:229 the limited ability of currently available treatments 211:263 Due to the limited ability of currently available treatments, there is an urgent need for new anti-influenza drugs with broad spectrum protection. 28777309 3 22 theme good 531:534 arg1 activity 557:564 good anti-influenza virus activity 531:564 good anti-influenza virus activity 531:564 We have previously shown that two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives of uridine (designated IW3 and IW7) targeting the glycan processing steps during maturation of viral glycoproteins show good anti-influenza virus activity and may be a promising alternative approach for the development of new anti-influenza therapy. 28777309 5 23 theme virus 1061:1065 arg1 infection 1099:1107 influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection 1051:1107 influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells 1051:1149 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 4 24 theme 2-deoxy 753:759 arg1 sugar 761:765 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts 753:782 sugar 761:765 In this study, a number of IW3 and IW7 analogues with different structural modifications in 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit influenza A virus infection in vitro. 28777309 5 25 theme inhibitory 1030:1039 arg1 effect 1041:1046 the most inhibitory effect 1021:1046 the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells 1021:1149 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 5 26 theme plaque 943:948 arg1 assay 960:964 viral plaque reduction assay 937:964 viral plaque reduction assay 937:964 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 0 27 theme A 114:114 arg1 Virus 116:120 Influenza A Virus 104:120 Influenza A Virus 104:120 Biological Evaluation of Uridine Derivatives of 2-Deoxy Sugars as Potential Antiviral Compounds against Influenza A Virus. 28777309 4 28 from modifications 736:748 arg1 sugar 761:765 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts 753:782 sugar 761:765 In this study, a number of IW3 and IW7 analogues with different structural modifications in 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit influenza A virus infection in vitro. 28777309 4 28 from modifications 736:748 arg1 parts 778:782 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts 753:782 parts 778:782 In this study, a number of IW3 and IW7 analogues with different structural modifications in 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit influenza A virus infection in vitro. 28777309 9 29 theme influenza 1689:1697 arg1 virus 1701:1705 influenza A virus 1689:1705 influenza A virus infection 1689:1715 Therefore, inhibition of influenza A virus infection by conjugates of uridine and 2-deoxy sugars is a new promising approach for the development of new derivatives with anti-influenza activities. 28777309 0 30 theme Potential 66:74 arg1 Compounds 86:94 Potential Antiviral Compounds 66:94 Potential Antiviral Compounds against Influenza A Virus 66:120 Biological Evaluation of Uridine Derivatives of 2-Deoxy Sugars as Potential Antiviral Compounds against Influenza A Virus. 28777309 4 31 theme different 715:723 arg1 modifications 736:748 different structural modifications 715:748 different structural modifications in 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts 715:782 In this study, a number of IW3 and IW7 analogues with different structural modifications in 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit influenza A virus infection in vitro. 28777309 5 32 theme significant 1247:1257 arg1 toxicity 1259:1266 significant toxicity 1247:1266 significant toxicity for the cells 1247:1280 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 3 33 theme uridine 414:420 arg1 derivatives 399:409 two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives 381:409 two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives of uridine (designated IW3 and IW7) targeting the glycan processing steps during maturation of viral glycoproteins 381:524 We have previously shown that two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives of uridine (designated IW3 and IW7) targeting the glycan processing steps during maturation of viral glycoproteins show good anti-influenza virus activity and may be a promising alternative approach for the development of new anti-influenza therapy. 28777309 0 34 theme Biological 0:9 arg1 Evaluation 11:20 Biological Evaluation 0:20 Biological Evaluation of Uridine Derivatives of 2-Deoxy Sugars as Potential Antiviral Compounds against Influenza A Virus. 0:121 Biological Evaluation of Uridine Derivatives of 2-Deoxy Sugars as Potential Antiviral Compounds against Influenza A Virus. 28777309 5 35 theme canine 1124:1129 arg1 cells 1145:1149 Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells 1112:1149 Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells 1112:1149 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 5 36 theme inhibition 916:925 arg1 assay 927:931 the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay 888:931 the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay 888:931 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 9 37 theme virus 1701:1705 arg1 infection 1707:1715 influenza A virus infection 1689:1715 influenza A virus infection 1689:1715 Therefore, inhibition of influenza A virus infection by conjugates of uridine and 2-deoxy sugars is a new promising approach for the development of new derivatives with anti-influenza activities. 28777309 5 38 from effect 1041:1046 arg1 infection 1099:1107 influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection 1051:1107 influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells 1051:1149 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 3 39 theme therapy 652:658 arg1 development 618:628 the development 614:628 the development of new anti-influenza therapy 614:658 We have previously shown that two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives of uridine (designated IW3 and IW7) targeting the glycan processing steps during maturation of viral glycoproteins show good anti-influenza virus activity and may be a promising alternative approach for the development of new anti-influenza therapy. 28777309 0 40 theme Derivatives 33:43 arg1 Evaluation 11:20 Biological Evaluation 0:20 Biological Evaluation of Uridine Derivatives of 2-Deoxy Sugars as Potential Antiviral Compounds against Influenza A Virus. 0:121 Biological Evaluation of Uridine Derivatives of 2-Deoxy Sugars as Potential Antiviral Compounds against Influenza A Virus. 28777309 3 41 theme 2-deoxy 385:391 arg1 derivatives 399:409 two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives 381:409 two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives of uridine (designated IW3 and IW7) targeting the glycan processing steps during maturation of viral glycoproteins 381:524 We have previously shown that two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives of uridine (designated IW3 and IW7) targeting the glycan processing steps during maturation of viral glycoproteins show good anti-influenza virus activity and may be a promising alternative approach for the development of new anti-influenza therapy. 28777309 3 42 theme new 633:635 arg1 therapy 652:658 new anti-influenza therapy 633:658 new anti-influenza therapy 633:658 We have previously shown that two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives of uridine (designated IW3 and IW7) targeting the glycan processing steps during maturation of viral glycoproteins show good anti-influenza virus activity and may be a promising alternative approach for the development of new anti-influenza therapy. 28777309 3 43 theme processing 468:477 arg1 steps 479:483 the glycan processing steps 457:483 the glycan processing steps during maturation of viral glycoproteins 457:524 We have previously shown that two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives of uridine (designated IW3 and IW7) targeting the glycan processing steps during maturation of viral glycoproteins show good anti-influenza virus activity and may be a promising alternative approach for the development of new anti-influenza therapy. 28777309 0 44 theme 2-Deoxy 48:54 arg1 Sugars 56:61 2-Deoxy Sugars 48:61 2-Deoxy Sugars 48:61 Biological Evaluation of Uridine Derivatives of 2-Deoxy Sugars as Potential Antiviral Compounds against Influenza A Virus. 28777309 5 45 dep μM 1235:1236 arg1 to 1227:1228 to 1227:1228 to 1227:1228 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 5 46 theme 50 1157:1158 arg1 % 1159:1159 % 1159:1159 % 1159:1159 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 9 47 theme sugars 1754:1759 arg1 conjugates 1720:1729 conjugates 1720:1729 conjugates of uridine and 2-deoxy sugars 1720:1759 Therefore, inhibition of influenza A virus infection by conjugates of uridine and 2-deoxy sugars is a new promising approach for the development of new derivatives with anti-influenza activities. 28777309 6 48 theme index 1356:1360 arg1 value 1362:1366 a selectivity index value 1342:1366 a selectivity index value of 5.27 against type A (H5N2) virus 1342:1402 The most active compound (2) showed activity of 82 μM with a selectivity index value of 5.27 against type A (H5N2) virus. 28777309 5 49 theme inhibitory 1161:1170 arg1 IC50 1188:1191 IC50 1188:1191 IC50 1188:1191 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 5 49 theme inhibitory 1161:1170 arg1 concentrations 1172:1185 50% inhibitory concentrations 1157:1185 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells 1157:1280 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 5 50 from assay 960:964 arg1 vitro 969:973 vitro 969:973 vitro 969:973 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 4 51 theme A 854:854 arg1 virus 856:860 influenza A virus 844:860 influenza A virus infection 844:870 In this study, a number of IW3 and IW7 analogues with different structural modifications in 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit influenza A virus infection in vitro. 28777309 9 52 with derivatives 1816:1826 arg1 activities 1848:1857 anti-influenza activities 1833:1857 anti-influenza activities 1833:1857 Therefore, inhibition of influenza A virus infection by conjugates of uridine and 2-deoxy sugars is a new promising approach for the development of new derivatives with anti-influenza activities. 28777309 9 53 theme promising 1770:1778 arg1 inhibition 1675:1684 inhibition 1675:1684 inhibition of influenza A virus infection by conjugates of uridine and 2-deoxy sugars 1675:1759 Therefore, inhibition of influenza A virus infection by conjugates of uridine and 2-deoxy sugars is a new promising approach for the development of new derivatives with anti-influenza activities. 28777309 9 53 theme promising 1770:1778 arg1 approach 1780:1787 a new promising approach 1764:1787 a new promising approach for the development of new derivatives with anti-influenza activities 1764:1857 Therefore, inhibition of influenza A virus infection by conjugates of uridine and 2-deoxy sugars is a new promising approach for the development of new derivatives with anti-influenza activities. 28777309 2 54 theme urgent 278:283 arg1 need 285:288 an urgent need 275:288 an urgent need for new anti-influenza drugs with broad spectrum protection 275:348 Due to the limited ability of currently available treatments, there is an urgent need for new anti-influenza drugs with broad spectrum protection. 28777309 6 55 theme μM 1334:1335 arg1 activity 1319:1326 activity 1319:1326 activity of 82 μM 1319:1335 The most active compound (2) showed activity of 82 μM with a selectivity index value of 5.27 against type A (H5N2) virus. 28777309 2 56 theme spectrum 330:337 arg1 protection 339:348 broad spectrum protection 324:348 broad spectrum protection 324:348 Due to the limited ability of currently available treatments, there is an urgent need for new anti-influenza drugs with broad spectrum protection. 28777309 3 57 theme glycoproteins 512:524 arg1 maturation 492:501 maturation 492:501 maturation of viral glycoproteins 492:524 We have previously shown that two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives of uridine (designated IW3 and IW7) targeting the glycan processing steps during maturation of viral glycoproteins show good anti-influenza virus activity and may be a promising alternative approach for the development of new anti-influenza therapy. 28777309 8 58 theme compounds 1562:1570 arg1 properties 1540:1549 physicochemical properties 1524:1549 physicochemical properties of studied compounds 1524:1570 Moreover, an analysis of physicochemical properties of studied compounds demonstrated a significant linear correlation between lipophilicity and antiviral activity. 28777309 9 59 theme uridine 1734:1740 arg1 conjugates 1720:1729 conjugates 1720:1729 conjugates of uridine and 2-deoxy sugars 1720:1759 Therefore, inhibition of influenza A virus infection by conjugates of uridine and 2-deoxy sugars is a new promising approach for the development of new derivatives with anti-influenza activities. 28777309 2 60 theme anti-influenza 298:311 arg1 drugs 313:317 new anti-influenza drugs 294:317 new anti-influenza drugs with broad spectrum protection 294:348 Due to the limited ability of currently available treatments, there is an urgent need for new anti-influenza drugs with broad spectrum protection. 28777309 6 61 theme H5N2 1392:1395 arg1 virus 1398:1402 type A (H5N2) virus 1384:1402 type A (H5N2) virus 1384:1402 The most active compound (2) showed activity of 82 μM with a selectivity index value of 5.27 against type A (H5N2) virus. 28777309 9 62 theme new 1812:1814 arg1 derivatives 1816:1826 new derivatives 1812:1826 new derivatives with anti-influenza activities 1812:1857 Therefore, inhibition of influenza A virus infection by conjugates of uridine and 2-deoxy sugars is a new promising approach for the development of new derivatives with anti-influenza activities. 28777309 3 63 theme virus 551:555 arg1 activity 557:564 good anti-influenza virus activity 531:564 good anti-influenza virus activity 531:564 We have previously shown that two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives of uridine (designated IW3 and IW7) targeting the glycan processing steps during maturation of viral glycoproteins show good anti-influenza virus activity and may be a promising alternative approach for the development of new anti-influenza therapy. 28777309 6 64 theme A 1389:1389 arg1 virus 1398:1402 type A (H5N2) virus 1384:1402 type A (H5N2) virus 1384:1402 The most active compound (2) showed activity of 82 μM with a selectivity index value of 5.27 against type A (H5N2) virus. 28777309 7 65 theme dose-dependent 1476:1489 arg1 manner 1491:1496 a dose-dependent manner 1474:1496 a dose-dependent manner 1474:1496 Additionally, compound 2 reduced the formation of HA glycoprotein in a dose-dependent manner. 28777309 7 66 gly glycoprotein 1458:1469 arg1 glycoprotein 1458:1469 HA glycoprotein 1455:1469 HA glycoprotein 1455:1469 Additionally, compound 2 reduced the formation of HA glycoprotein in a dose-dependent manner. 28777309 3 67 theme promising 579:587 arg1 approach 601:608 a promising alternative approach 577:608 a promising alternative approach for the development of new anti-influenza therapy 577:658 We have previously shown that two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives of uridine (designated IW3 and IW7) targeting the glycan processing steps during maturation of viral glycoproteins show good anti-influenza virus activity and may be a promising alternative approach for the development of new anti-influenza therapy. 28777309 6 68 theme 5.27 1371:1374 arg1 value 1362:1366 a selectivity index value 1342:1366 a selectivity index value of 5.27 against type A (H5N2) virus 1342:1402 The most active compound (2) showed activity of 82 μM with a selectivity index value of 5.27 against type A (H5N2) virus. 28777309 2 69 theme limited 215:221 arg1 ability 223:229 the limited ability 211:229 the limited ability of currently available treatments 211:263 Due to the limited ability of currently available treatments, there is an urgent need for new anti-influenza drugs with broad spectrum protection. 28777309 5 70 theme cytopathic 892:901 arg1 effect 903:908 the cytopathic effect 888:908 the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay 888:931 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 5 70 theme cytopathic 892:901 arg1 CPE 911:913 CPE 911:913 CPE 911:913 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 7 71 theme HA 1455:1456 arg1 glycoprotein 1458:1469 HA glycoprotein 1455:1469 HA glycoprotein 1455:1469 Additionally, compound 2 reduced the formation of HA glycoprotein in a dose-dependent manner. 28777309 4 72 theme IW3 688:690 arg1 analogues 700:708 IW3 and IW7 analogues 688:708 IW3 and IW7 analogues with different structural modifications in 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts 688:782 In this study, a number of IW3 and IW7 analogues with different structural modifications in 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit influenza A virus infection in vitro. 28777309 5 73 theme virus 1198:1202 arg1 growth 1204:1209 virus growth 1198:1209 virus growth 1198:1209 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 1 74 theme virus 133:137 arg1 infection 139:147 Influenza virus infection 123:147 Influenza virus infection 123:147 Influenza virus infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. 28777309 1 74 theme virus 133:137 arg1 cause 160:164 a major cause 152:164 a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide 152:201 Influenza virus infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. 28777309 4 75 theme IW7 696:698 arg1 analogues 700:708 IW3 and IW7 analogues 688:708 IW3 and IW7 analogues with different structural modifications in 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts 688:782 In this study, a number of IW3 and IW7 analogues with different structural modifications in 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit influenza A virus infection in vitro. 28777309 6 76 theme active 1292:1297 arg1 2 1309:1309 2 1309:1309 2 1309:1309 The most active compound (2) showed activity of 82 μM with a selectivity index value of 5.27 against type A (H5N2) virus. 28777309 6 76 theme active 1292:1297 arg1 compound 1299:1306 The most active compound 1283:1306 The most active compound (2) 1283:1310 The most active compound (2) showed activity of 82 μM with a selectivity index value of 5.27 against type A (H5N2) virus. 28777309 2 77 theme available 244:252 arg1 treatments 254:263 currently available treatments 234:263 currently available treatments 234:263 Due to the limited ability of currently available treatments, there is an urgent need for new anti-influenza drugs with broad spectrum protection. 28777309 5 78 theme A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 1067:1090 arg1 infection 1099:1107 influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection 1051:1107 influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells 1051:1149 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 1 79 theme major 154:158 arg1 infection 139:147 Influenza virus infection 123:147 Influenza virus infection 123:147 Influenza virus infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. 28777309 1 79 theme major 154:158 arg1 cause 160:164 a major cause 152:164 a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide 152:201 Influenza virus infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. 28777309 3 80 gly glycoproteins 512:524 arg1 glycoproteins 512:524 viral glycoproteins 506:524 viral glycoproteins 506:524 We have previously shown that two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives of uridine (designated IW3 and IW7) targeting the glycan processing steps during maturation of viral glycoproteins show good anti-influenza virus activity and may be a promising alternative approach for the development of new anti-influenza therapy. 28777309 0 81 theme Influenza 104:112 arg1 Virus 116:120 Influenza A Virus 104:120 Influenza A Virus 104:120 Biological Evaluation of Uridine Derivatives of 2-Deoxy Sugars as Potential Antiviral Compounds against Influenza A Virus. 28777309 5 82 theme H5N2 1093:1096 arg1 infection 1099:1107 influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection 1051:1107 influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells 1051:1149 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 5 83 theme viral 937:941 arg1 assay 960:964 viral plaque reduction assay 937:964 viral plaque reduction assay 937:964 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 5 84 theme reduction 950:958 arg1 assay 960:964 viral plaque reduction assay 937:964 viral plaque reduction assay 937:964 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 5 85 theme influenza 1051:1059 arg1 infection 1099:1107 influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection 1051:1107 influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells 1051:1149 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 9 86 theme A 1699:1699 arg1 virus 1701:1705 influenza A virus 1689:1705 influenza A virus infection 1689:1715 Therefore, inhibition of influenza A virus infection by conjugates of uridine and 2-deoxy sugars is a new promising approach for the development of new derivatives with anti-influenza activities. 28777309 0 87 theme Uridine 25:31 arg1 Derivatives 33:43 Uridine Derivatives 25:43 Uridine Derivatives of 2-Deoxy Sugars 25:61 Biological Evaluation of Uridine Derivatives of 2-Deoxy Sugars as Potential Antiviral Compounds against Influenza A Virus. 28777309 5 88 theme kidney 1131:1136 arg1 cells 1145:1149 Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells 1112:1149 Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells 1112:1149 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 0 89 dep Potential 66:74 arg1 Antiviral 76:84 Antiviral 76:84 Antiviral 76:84 Biological Evaluation of Uridine Derivatives of 2-Deoxy Sugars as Potential Antiviral Compounds against Influenza A Virus. 28777309 9 90 theme infection 1707:1715 arg1 inhibition 1675:1684 inhibition 1675:1684 inhibition of influenza A virus infection by conjugates of uridine and 2-deoxy sugars 1675:1759 Therefore, inhibition of influenza A virus infection by conjugates of uridine and 2-deoxy sugars is a new promising approach for the development of new derivatives with anti-influenza activities. 28777309 9 90 theme infection 1707:1715 arg1 approach 1780:1787 a new promising approach 1764:1787 a new promising approach for the development of new derivatives with anti-influenza activities 1764:1857 Therefore, inhibition of influenza A virus infection by conjugates of uridine and 2-deoxy sugars is a new promising approach for the development of new derivatives with anti-influenza activities. 28777309 3 91 theme anti-influenza 637:650 arg1 therapy 652:658 new anti-influenza therapy 633:658 new anti-influenza therapy 633:658 We have previously shown that two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives of uridine (designated IW3 and IW7) targeting the glycan processing steps during maturation of viral glycoproteins show good anti-influenza virus activity and may be a promising alternative approach for the development of new anti-influenza therapy. 28777309 4 92 theme structural 725:734 arg1 modifications 736:748 different structural modifications 715:748 different structural modifications in 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts 715:782 In this study, a number of IW3 and IW7 analogues with different structural modifications in 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit influenza A virus infection in vitro. 28777309 5 93 theme MDCK 1139:1142 arg1 cells 1145:1149 Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells 1112:1149 Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells 1112:1149 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 2 94 with drugs 313:317 arg1 protection 339:348 broad spectrum protection 324:348 broad spectrum protection 324:348 Due to the limited ability of currently available treatments, there is an urgent need for new anti-influenza drugs with broad spectrum protection. 28777309 0 95 theme Sugars 56:61 arg1 Derivatives 33:43 Uridine Derivatives 25:43 Uridine Derivatives of 2-Deoxy Sugars 25:61 Biological Evaluation of Uridine Derivatives of 2-Deoxy Sugars as Potential Antiviral Compounds against Influenza A Virus. 28777309 3 96 theme sugar 393:397 arg1 derivatives 399:409 two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives 381:409 two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives of uridine (designated IW3 and IW7) targeting the glycan processing steps during maturation of viral glycoproteins 381:524 We have previously shown that two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives of uridine (designated IW3 and IW7) targeting the glycan processing steps during maturation of viral glycoproteins show good anti-influenza virus activity and may be a promising alternative approach for the development of new anti-influenza therapy. 28777309 1 97 dep morbidity 169:177 arg1 worldwide 193:201 worldwide 193:201 worldwide 193:201 Influenza virus infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. 28777309 2 98 theme broad 324:328 arg1 protection 339:348 broad spectrum protection 324:348 broad spectrum protection 324:348 Due to the limited ability of currently available treatments, there is an urgent need for new anti-influenza drugs with broad spectrum protection. 28777309 5 99 from assay 927:931 arg1 vitro 969:973 vitro 969:973 vitro 969:973 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 5 100 theme Madin-Darby 1112:1122 arg1 cells 1145:1149 Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells 1112:1149 Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells 1112:1149 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 9 101 theme 2-deoxy 1746:1752 arg1 sugars 1754:1759 2-deoxy sugars 1746:1759 2-deoxy sugars 1746:1759 Therefore, inhibition of influenza A virus infection by conjugates of uridine and 2-deoxy sugars is a new promising approach for the development of new derivatives with anti-influenza activities. 28777309 4 102 theme uridine 770:776 arg1 parts 778:782 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts 753:782 parts 778:782 In this study, a number of IW3 and IW7 analogues with different structural modifications in 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit influenza A virus infection in vitro. 28777309 3 103 theme glycan 461:466 arg1 steps 479:483 the glycan processing steps 457:483 the glycan processing steps during maturation of viral glycoproteins 457:524 We have previously shown that two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives of uridine (designated IW3 and IW7) targeting the glycan processing steps during maturation of viral glycoproteins show good anti-influenza virus activity and may be a promising alternative approach for the development of new anti-influenza therapy. 28777309 5 104 theme % 1159:1159 arg1 IC50 1188:1191 IC50 1188:1191 IC50 1188:1191 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 5 104 theme % 1159:1159 arg1 concentrations 1172:1185 50% inhibitory concentrations 1157:1185 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells 1157:1280 Using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay and viral plaque reduction assay in vitro, we showed that compounds 2, 3, and 4 exerted the most inhibitory effect on influenza virus A/ostrich/Denmark/725/96 (H5N2) infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for virus growth ranging from 82 to 100 (μM) without significant toxicity for the cells. 28777309 8 105 theme properties 1540:1549 arg1 analysis 1512:1519 an analysis 1509:1519 an analysis of physicochemical properties of studied compounds 1509:1570 Moreover, an analysis of physicochemical properties of studied compounds demonstrated a significant linear correlation between lipophilicity and antiviral activity. 28777309 4 106 with analogues 700:708 arg1 modifications 736:748 different structural modifications 715:748 different structural modifications in 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts 715:782 In this study, a number of IW3 and IW7 analogues with different structural modifications in 2-deoxy sugar or uridine parts were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit influenza A virus infection in vitro. 28777309 3 107 theme viral 506:510 arg1 glycoproteins 512:524 viral glycoproteins 506:524 viral glycoproteins 506:524 We have previously shown that two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives of uridine (designated IW3 and IW7) targeting the glycan processing steps during maturation of viral glycoproteins show good anti-influenza virus activity and may be a promising alternative approach for the development of new anti-influenza therapy. 28777309 6 108 theme selectivity 1344:1354 arg1 value 1362:1366 a selectivity index value 1342:1366 a selectivity index value of 5.27 against type A (H5N2) virus 1342:1402 The most active compound (2) showed activity of 82 μM with a selectivity index value of 5.27 against type A (H5N2) virus. 28284934 4 0 theme blood 690:694 arg1 compatibility 696:708 blood compatibility 690:708 blood compatibility 690:708 Furthermore, some important biomedical properties of the polymers such as blood compatibility, mucoadhesion, antioxidant properties and gel strength were also studied. 28284934 3 1 theme drug 517:520 arg1 gemcitabine 523:533 an anticancer drug 'gemcitabine' 503:534 an anticancer drug 'gemcitabine' 503:534 Release profile of an anticancer drug 'gemcitabine' was studied to determine the drug release mechanism and best fit kinetic model. 28284934 0 2 theme hydrogel 98:105 arg1 properties 55:64 properties 55:64 properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide hydrogel formed by radiation 55:125 Influence of graphene-oxide nanosheets impregnation on properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization. 28284934 6 3 theme kinetic 1116:1122 arg1 model 1124:1128 first order kinetic model 1104:1128 first order kinetic model 1104:1128 Release of gemcitabine from drug loaded hydrogels occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile was best fitted in first order kinetic model. 28284934 5 4 theme drug 907:910 arg1 properties 937:946 the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties 891:946 properties 937:946 Impregnation of GO into sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels decreased the swelling of hydrogels but improved the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties of the hydrogels. 28284934 5 4 theme drug 907:910 arg1 loading 912:918 drug loading 907:918 drug loading 907:918 Impregnation of GO into sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels decreased the swelling of hydrogels but improved the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties of the hydrogels. 28284934 1 5 theme drug 269:272 arg1 properties 283:292 the mechanical and drug delivery properties 250:292 properties 283:292 Present work is an attempt, to explore the potential of graphene oxide nanoplates impregnation, on the mechanical and drug delivery properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization. 28284934 6 6 theme order 1110:1114 arg1 model 1124:1128 first order kinetic model 1104:1128 first order kinetic model 1104:1128 Release of gemcitabine from drug loaded hydrogels occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile was best fitted in first order kinetic model. 28284934 0 7 from Influence 0:8 arg1 properties 55:64 properties 55:64 properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide hydrogel formed by radiation 55:125 Influence of graphene-oxide nanosheets impregnation on properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization. 28284934 5 8 theme hydrogels 955:963 arg1 properties 937:946 the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties 891:946 properties 937:946 Impregnation of GO into sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels decreased the swelling of hydrogels but improved the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties of the hydrogels. 28284934 5 8 theme hydrogels 955:963 arg1 loading 912:918 drug loading 907:918 drug loading 907:918 Impregnation of GO into sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels decreased the swelling of hydrogels but improved the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties of the hydrogels. 28284934 5 8 theme hydrogels 955:963 arg1 release 929:935 drug release 924:935 drug release 924:935 Impregnation of GO into sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels decreased the swelling of hydrogels but improved the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties of the hydrogels. 28284934 1 9 theme delivery 274:281 arg1 properties 283:292 the mechanical and drug delivery properties 250:292 properties 283:292 Present work is an attempt, to explore the potential of graphene oxide nanoplates impregnation, on the mechanical and drug delivery properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization. 28284934 4 10 theme gel 752:754 arg1 strength 756:763 gel strength 752:763 gel strength 752:763 Furthermore, some important biomedical properties of the polymers such as blood compatibility, mucoadhesion, antioxidant properties and gel strength were also studied. 28284934 5 11 dep properties 937:946 arg1 properties 937:946 the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties 891:946 properties 937:946 Impregnation of GO into sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels decreased the swelling of hydrogels but improved the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties of the hydrogels. 28284934 5 11 dep properties 937:946 arg1 loading 912:918 drug loading 907:918 drug loading 907:918 Impregnation of GO into sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels decreased the swelling of hydrogels but improved the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties of the hydrogels. 28284934 5 11 dep properties 937:946 arg1 release 929:935 drug release 924:935 drug release 924:935 Impregnation of GO into sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels decreased the swelling of hydrogels but improved the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties of the hydrogels. 28284934 7 12 from haemocompatible 1166:1180 arg1 nature 1216:1221 nature 1216:1221 nature 1216:1221 These hydrogels have been found as haemocompatible, mucoadhesive, and antioxidant in nature. 28284934 1 13 from attempt 170:176 arg1 mechanical 254:263 mechanical 254:263 mechanical 254:263 Present work is an attempt, to explore the potential of graphene oxide nanoplates impregnation, on the mechanical and drug delivery properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization. 28284934 1 13 from attempt 170:176 arg1 properties 283:292 the mechanical and drug delivery properties 250:292 properties 283:292 Present work is an attempt, to explore the potential of graphene oxide nanoplates impregnation, on the mechanical and drug delivery properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization. 28284934 6 14 theme release 1069:1075 arg1 profile 1077:1083 release profile 1069:1083 release profile 1069:1083 Release of gemcitabine from drug loaded hydrogels occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile was best fitted in first order kinetic model. 28284934 5 15 theme sterculia 808:816 arg1 hydrogels 832:840 sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels 808:840 sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels 808:840 Impregnation of GO into sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels decreased the swelling of hydrogels but improved the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties of the hydrogels. 28284934 6 16 theme first 1104:1108 arg1 model 1124:1128 first order kinetic model 1104:1128 first order kinetic model 1104:1128 Release of gemcitabine from drug loaded hydrogels occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile was best fitted in first order kinetic model. 28284934 5 17 theme hydrogels 868:876 arg1 swelling 856:863 the swelling 852:863 the swelling of hydrogels 852:876 Impregnation of GO into sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels decreased the swelling of hydrogels but improved the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties of the hydrogels. 28284934 5 18 theme gum-poly 818:825 arg1 hydrogels 832:840 sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels 808:840 sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels 808:840 Impregnation of GO into sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels decreased the swelling of hydrogels but improved the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties of the hydrogels. 28284934 6 19 from hydrogels 1006:1014 arg1 Release 966:972 Release 966:972 Release of gemcitabine from drug loaded hydrogels 966:1014 Release of gemcitabine from drug loaded hydrogels occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile was best fitted in first order kinetic model. 28284934 3 20 theme release 570:576 arg1 mechanism 578:586 the drug release mechanism 561:586 the drug release mechanism 561:586 Release profile of an anticancer drug 'gemcitabine' was studied to determine the drug release mechanism and best fit kinetic model. 28284934 7 21 from nature 1216:1221 arg1 haemocompatible 1166:1180 haemocompatible 1166:1180 haemocompatible 1166:1180 These hydrogels have been found as haemocompatible, mucoadhesive, and antioxidant in nature. 28284934 7 21 from nature 1216:1221 arg1 hydrogels 1137:1145 These hydrogels 1131:1145 These hydrogels 1131:1145 These hydrogels have been found as haemocompatible, mucoadhesive, and antioxidant in nature. 28284934 6 22 theme gemcitabine 977:987 arg1 Release 966:972 Release 966:972 Release of gemcitabine from drug loaded hydrogels 966:1014 Release of gemcitabine from drug loaded hydrogels occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile was best fitted in first order kinetic model. 28284934 4 23 theme polymers 673:680 arg1 properties 655:664 some important biomedical properties 629:664 some important biomedical properties of the polymers such as blood compatibility, mucoadhesion, antioxidant properties and gel strength 629:763 Furthermore, some important biomedical properties of the polymers such as blood compatibility, mucoadhesion, antioxidant properties and gel strength were also studied. 28284934 2 24 theme 13C 454:456 arg1 NMR 458:460 13C NMR 454:460 13C NMR 454:460 These polymers were characterized by SEM, cryo-SEM, AFM, FTIR's, 13C NMR and swelling studies. 28284934 1 25 theme sterculia 297:305 arg1 hydrogel 336:343 sterculia gum-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel 297:343 sterculia gum-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization 297:386 Present work is an attempt, to explore the potential of graphene oxide nanoplates impregnation, on the mechanical and drug delivery properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization. 28284934 1 26 theme graphene 207:214 arg1 impregnation 233:244 graphene oxide nanoplates impregnation 207:244 graphene oxide nanoplates impregnation 207:244 Present work is an attempt, to explore the potential of graphene oxide nanoplates impregnation, on the mechanical and drug delivery properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization. 28284934 0 27 theme graphene-oxide 13:26 arg1 impregnation 39:50 graphene-oxide nanosheets impregnation 13:50 graphene-oxide nanosheets impregnation 13:50 Influence of graphene-oxide nanosheets impregnation on properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization. 28284934 1 28 theme gum-polyacrylamide 307:324 arg1 hydrogel 336:343 sterculia gum-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel 297:343 sterculia gum-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization 297:386 Present work is an attempt, to explore the potential of graphene oxide nanoplates impregnation, on the mechanical and drug delivery properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization. 28284934 3 29 theme drug 565:568 arg1 mechanism 578:586 the drug release mechanism 561:586 the drug release mechanism 561:586 Release profile of an anticancer drug 'gemcitabine' was studied to determine the drug release mechanism and best fit kinetic model. 28284934 1 30 theme oxide 216:220 arg1 impregnation 233:244 graphene oxide nanoplates impregnation 207:244 graphene oxide nanoplates impregnation 207:244 Present work is an attempt, to explore the potential of graphene oxide nanoplates impregnation, on the mechanical and drug delivery properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization. 28284934 1 31 theme composite 326:334 arg1 hydrogel 336:343 sterculia gum-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel 297:343 sterculia gum-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization 297:386 Present work is an attempt, to explore the potential of graphene oxide nanoplates impregnation, on the mechanical and drug delivery properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization. 28284934 1 32 theme nanoplates 222:231 arg1 impregnation 233:244 graphene oxide nanoplates impregnation 207:244 graphene oxide nanoplates impregnation 207:244 Present work is an attempt, to explore the potential of graphene oxide nanoplates impregnation, on the mechanical and drug delivery properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization. 28284934 0 33 theme impregnation 39:50 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of graphene-oxide nanosheets impregnation on properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide hydrogel formed by radiation 0:125 Influence of graphene-oxide nanosheets impregnation on properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization. 28284934 1 34 theme hydrogel 336:343 arg1 mechanical 254:263 mechanical 254:263 mechanical 254:263 Present work is an attempt, to explore the potential of graphene oxide nanoplates impregnation, on the mechanical and drug delivery properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization. 28284934 5 35 theme GO 800:801 arg1 Impregnation 784:795 Impregnation 784:795 Impregnation of GO into sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels 784:840 Impregnation of GO into sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels decreased the swelling of hydrogels but improved the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties of the hydrogels. 28284934 6 36 theme loaded 999:1004 arg1 hydrogels 1006:1014 drug loaded hydrogels 994:1014 drug loaded hydrogels 994:1014 Release of gemcitabine from drug loaded hydrogels occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile was best fitted in first order kinetic model. 28284934 0 37 theme nanosheets 28:37 arg1 impregnation 39:50 graphene-oxide nanosheets impregnation 13:50 graphene-oxide nanosheets impregnation 13:50 Influence of graphene-oxide nanosheets impregnation on properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization. 28284934 1 38 theme impregnation 233:244 arg1 potential 194:202 the potential 190:202 the potential of graphene oxide nanoplates impregnation 190:244 Present work is an attempt, to explore the potential of graphene oxide nanoplates impregnation, on the mechanical and drug delivery properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization. 28284934 3 39 theme Release 484:490 arg1 profile 492:498 Release profile 484:498 Release profile of an anticancer drug 'gemcitabine' 484:534 Release profile of an anticancer drug 'gemcitabine' was studied to determine the drug release mechanism and best fit kinetic model. 28284934 2 40 theme swelling 466:473 arg1 studies 475:481 swelling studies 466:481 swelling studies 466:481 These polymers were characterized by SEM, cryo-SEM, AFM, FTIR's, 13C NMR and swelling studies. 28284934 6 41 dep loaded 999:1004 arg1 drug 994:997 drug 994:997 drug 994:997 Release of gemcitabine from drug loaded hydrogels occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile was best fitted in first order kinetic model. 28284934 5 42 theme AAm 827:829 arg1 hydrogels 832:840 sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels 808:840 sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels 808:840 Impregnation of GO into sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels decreased the swelling of hydrogels but improved the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties of the hydrogels. 28284934 1 43 theme Present 151:157 arg1 work 159:162 Present work 151:162 Present work 151:162 Present work is an attempt, to explore the potential of graphene oxide nanoplates impregnation, on the mechanical and drug delivery properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization. 28284934 1 43 theme Present 151:157 arg1 attempt 170:176 an attempt 167:176 an attempt 167:176 Present work is an attempt, to explore the potential of graphene oxide nanoplates impregnation, on the mechanical and drug delivery properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization. 28284934 3 44 theme kinetic 601:607 arg1 model 609:613 kinetic model 601:613 kinetic model 601:613 Release profile of an anticancer drug 'gemcitabine' was studied to determine the drug release mechanism and best fit kinetic model. 28284934 5 45 theme drug 924:927 arg1 properties 937:946 the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties 891:946 properties 937:946 Impregnation of GO into sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels decreased the swelling of hydrogels but improved the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties of the hydrogels. 28284934 5 45 theme drug 924:927 arg1 release 929:935 drug release 924:935 drug release 924:935 Impregnation of GO into sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels decreased the swelling of hydrogels but improved the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties of the hydrogels. 28284934 6 46 theme diffusion 1045:1053 arg1 mechanism 1055:1063 non-Fickian diffusion mechanism 1033:1063 non-Fickian diffusion mechanism 1033:1063 Release of gemcitabine from drug loaded hydrogels occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile was best fitted in first order kinetic model. 28284934 4 47 theme antioxidant 725:735 arg1 properties 737:746 antioxidant properties 725:746 antioxidant properties 725:746 Furthermore, some important biomedical properties of the polymers such as blood compatibility, mucoadhesion, antioxidant properties and gel strength were also studied. 28284934 6 48 theme non-Fickian 1033:1043 arg1 mechanism 1055:1063 non-Fickian diffusion mechanism 1033:1063 non-Fickian diffusion mechanism 1033:1063 Release of gemcitabine from drug loaded hydrogels occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile was best fitted in first order kinetic model. 28284934 0 49 theme gum-polyacrylamide 79:96 arg1 hydrogel 98:105 sterculia gum-polyacrylamide hydrogel 69:105 sterculia gum-polyacrylamide hydrogel formed by radiation 69:125 Influence of graphene-oxide nanosheets impregnation on properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization. 28284934 4 50 theme biomedical 644:653 arg1 properties 655:664 some important biomedical properties 629:664 some important biomedical properties of the polymers such as blood compatibility, mucoadhesion, antioxidant properties and gel strength 629:763 Furthermore, some important biomedical properties of the polymers such as blood compatibility, mucoadhesion, antioxidant properties and gel strength were also studied. 28284934 4 51 theme important 634:642 arg1 properties 655:664 some important biomedical properties 629:664 some important biomedical properties of the polymers such as blood compatibility, mucoadhesion, antioxidant properties and gel strength 629:763 Furthermore, some important biomedical properties of the polymers such as blood compatibility, mucoadhesion, antioxidant properties and gel strength were also studied. 28284934 3 52 theme gemcitabine 523:533 arg1 profile 492:498 Release profile 484:498 Release profile of an anticancer drug 'gemcitabine' 484:534 Release profile of an anticancer drug 'gemcitabine' was studied to determine the drug release mechanism and best fit kinetic model. 28284934 0 53 theme sterculia 69:77 arg1 hydrogel 98:105 sterculia gum-polyacrylamide hydrogel 69:105 sterculia gum-polyacrylamide hydrogel formed by radiation 69:125 Influence of graphene-oxide nanosheets impregnation on properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization. 28284934 5 54 theme mechanical 895:904 arg1 properties 937:946 the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties 891:946 properties 937:946 Impregnation of GO into sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels decreased the swelling of hydrogels but improved the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties of the hydrogels. 28284934 5 54 theme mechanical 895:904 arg1 loading 912:918 drug loading 907:918 drug loading 907:918 Impregnation of GO into sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels decreased the swelling of hydrogels but improved the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties of the hydrogels. 28284934 5 54 theme mechanical 895:904 arg1 release 929:935 drug release 924:935 drug release 924:935 Impregnation of GO into sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels decreased the swelling of hydrogels but improved the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties of the hydrogels. 28284934 3 55 theme anticancer 506:515 arg1 gemcitabine 523:533 an anticancer drug 'gemcitabine' 503:534 an anticancer drug 'gemcitabine' 503:534 Release profile of an anticancer drug 'gemcitabine' was studied to determine the drug release mechanism and best fit kinetic model. 24824639 2 0 theme human 112:116 arg1 cavity 123:128 the human oral cavity 108:128 the human oral cavity 108:128 nov., obligately anaerobic bacteria from the human oral cavity, and emended description of the genus Oribacterium. 24824639 6 1 theme ACB1 685:688 arg1 products 666:673 Major metabolic fermentation end products 633:673 Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) 633:691 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 12 2 theme Predicted 1418:1426 arg1 values 1450:1455 Predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values 1418:1455 Predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 1418:1513 Predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 were <70%. 24824639 6 3 theme strains 739:745 arg1 acetate 768:774 acetate 768:774 acetate 768:774 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 6 3 theme strains 739:745 arg1 product 728:734 the only product 719:734 the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 719:762 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 12 4 theme O. 1500:1501 arg1 strains 1465:1471 strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 1465:1513 strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 1465:1513 Predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 were <70%. 24824639 12 4 theme O. 1500:1501 arg1 F0268 1509:1513 O. sinus F0268 1500:1513 O. sinus F0268 1500:1513 Predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 were <70%. 24824639 8 5 theme fatty 905:909 arg1 acids 911:915 Major fatty acids 899:915 Major fatty acids of strain ACB7(T) 899:933 Major fatty acids of strain ACB7(T) were C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 3 6 dep Gram-positive 208:220 arg1 rod-shaped 242:251 rod-shaped 242:251 rod-shaped 242:251 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 3 6 dep Gram-positive 208:220 arg1 non-spore-forming 223:239 non-spore-forming 223:239 non-spore-forming 223:239 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 6 7 theme end 662:664 arg1 products 666:673 Major metabolic fermentation end products 633:673 Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) 633:691 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 13 8 theme distinct 1663:1670 arg1 species 1672:1678 two distinct species 1659:1678 two distinct species 1659:1678 Based on distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strains ACB1(T) and ACB8, and strain ACB7(T) are considered to represent two distinct species of the genus Oribacterium, for which the names Oribacterium parvum sp. 24824639 2 9 from cavity 123:128 arg1 nov. 67:70 nov. 67:70 nov. 67:70 nov., obligately anaerobic bacteria from the human oral cavity, and emended description of the genus Oribacterium. 24824639 2 9 from cavity 123:128 arg1 bacteria 94:101 obligately anaerobic bacteria 73:101 obligately anaerobic bacteria from the human oral cavity 73:128 nov., obligately anaerobic bacteria from the human oral cavity, and emended description of the genus Oribacterium. 24824639 2 9 from cavity 123:128 arg1 description 143:153 emended description 135:153 emended description of the genus Oribacterium 135:179 nov., obligately anaerobic bacteria from the human oral cavity, and emended description of the genus Oribacterium. 24824639 16 10 theme T 1868:1868 arg1 T 1887:1887 T 1887:1887 T 1887:1887 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 16 10 theme T 1868:1868 arg1 BAA-2638 1878:1885  = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638 1843:1885  = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T) 1843:1888 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 3 11 theme designated 271:280 arg1 bacteria 261:268 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria 182:268 bacteria 261:268 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 3 11 theme designated 271:280 arg1 T 295:295 T 295:295 T 295:295 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 3 11 theme designated 271:280 arg1 ACB1 290:293 designated strains ACB1 271:293 designated strains ACB1(T) 271:296 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 16 12 theme  = ATCC 1870:1876 arg1 T 1887:1887 T 1887:1887 T 1887:1887 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 16 12 theme  = ATCC 1870:1876 arg1 BAA-2638 1878:1885  = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638 1843:1885  = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T) 1843:1888 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 8 13 theme ACB7 927:930 arg1 acids 911:915 Major fatty acids 899:915 Major fatty acids of strain ACB7(T) 899:933 Major fatty acids of strain ACB7(T) were C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 7 14 theme C 829:829 arg1 DMA 894:896 C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA 818:896 C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA 818:896 Major fatty acids of strain ACB1(T) were C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 7 15 theme C 818:818 arg1 DMA 894:896 C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA 818:896 C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA 818:896 Major fatty acids of strain ACB1(T) were C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 2 16 theme anaerobic 84:92 arg1 bacteria 94:101 obligately anaerobic bacteria 73:101 obligately anaerobic bacteria from the human oral cavity 73:128 nov., obligately anaerobic bacteria from the human oral cavity, and emended description of the genus Oribacterium. 24824639 11 17 theme type 1365:1368 arg1 strain 1370:1375 the type strain 1361:1375 the type strain of the type species 1361:1395 According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7(T) formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium, with 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus. 24824639 11 17 theme type 1365:1368 arg1 sinus 1411:1415 Oribacterium sinus 1398:1415 Oribacterium sinus 1398:1415 According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7(T) formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium, with 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus. 24824639 13 18 theme strain 1616:1621 arg1 T 1628:1628 T 1628:1628 T 1628:1628 Based on distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strains ACB1(T) and ACB8, and strain ACB7(T) are considered to represent two distinct species of the genus Oribacterium, for which the names Oribacterium parvum sp. 24824639 13 18 theme strain 1616:1621 arg1 ACB7 1623:1626 strain ACB7 1616:1626 strain ACB7(T) 1616:1629 Based on distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strains ACB1(T) and ACB8, and strain ACB7(T) are considered to represent two distinct species of the genus Oribacterium, for which the names Oribacterium parvum sp. 24824639 1 19 dep sp 63:64 arg1 Oribacterium 33:44 Oribacterium 33:44 Oribacterium 33:44 nov. and Oribacterium asaccharolyticum sp. 24824639 1 19 dep sp 63:64 arg1 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov. and Oribacterium asaccharolyticum sp. 24824639 13 20 theme Oribacterium 1727:1738 arg1 sp 1747:1748 Oribacterium parvum sp 1727:1748 Oribacterium parvum sp 1727:1748 Based on distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strains ACB1(T) and ACB8, and strain ACB7(T) are considered to represent two distinct species of the genus Oribacterium, for which the names Oribacterium parvum sp. 24824639 11 21 theme sequence 1208:1215 arg1 phylogeny 1217:1225 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny 1194:1225 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny 1194:1225 According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7(T) formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium, with 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus. 24824639 13 22 dep sp 1747:1748 arg1 names 1721:1725 the names 1717:1725 the names 1717:1725 Based on distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strains ACB1(T) and ACB8, and strain ACB7(T) are considered to represent two distinct species of the genus Oribacterium, for which the names Oribacterium parvum sp. 24824639 12 23 theme ACB1 1473:1476 arg1 strains 1465:1471 strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 1465:1513 strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 1465:1513 Predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 were <70%. 24824639 12 23 theme ACB1 1473:1476 arg1 T 1478:1478 ACB1(T) 1473:1479 ACB1(T) 1473:1479 Predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 were <70%. 24824639 11 24 theme rRNA 1198:1201 arg1 phylogeny 1217:1225 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny 1194:1225 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny 1194:1225 According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7(T) formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium, with 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus. 24824639 7 25 theme ω7c 890:892 arg1 DMA 894:896 C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA 818:896 C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA 818:896 Major fatty acids of strain ACB1(T) were C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 11 26 theme type 1384:1387 arg1 species 1389:1395 the type species 1380:1395 the type species 1380:1395 According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7(T) formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium, with 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus. 24824639 7 27 theme strain 798:803 arg1 T 810:810 T 810:810 T 810:810 Major fatty acids of strain ACB1(T) were C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 7 27 theme strain 798:803 arg1 ACB1 805:808 strain ACB1 798:808 strain ACB1(T) 798:811 Major fatty acids of strain ACB1(T) were C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 3 28 attach isolated 322:329 arg2 bacteria 261:268 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria 182:268 bacteria 261:268 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 3 28 attach isolated 322:329 arg2 ACB8 311:314 ACB8 311:314 ACB8 311:314 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 3 28 attach isolated 322:329 arg1 plaque 361:366 human subgingival dental plaque 336:366 human subgingival dental plaque 336:366 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 3 28 attach isolated 322:329 arg2 ACB1 290:293 designated strains ACB1 271:293 designated strains ACB1(T) 271:296 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 3 28 attach isolated 322:329 arg2 ACB7 299:302 ACB7 299:302 ACB7(T) 299:305 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 16 29 theme T 1856:1856 arg1 T 1887:1887 T 1887:1887 T 1887:1887 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 16 29 theme T 1856:1856 arg1 BAA-2638 1878:1885  = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638 1843:1885  = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T) 1843:1888 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 14 30 dep sp 1790:1791 arg1 Oribacterium 1760:1771 Oribacterium 1760:1771 Oribacterium 1760:1771 nov. and Oribacterium asaccharolyticum sp. 24824639 14 30 dep sp 1790:1791 arg1 nov. 1751:1754 nov. 1751:1754 nov. 1751:1754 nov. and Oribacterium asaccharolyticum sp. 24824639 5 31 theme strain 517:522 arg1 T 529:529 T 529:529 T 529:529 Strains ACB1(T) and ACB8 were able to grow on glucose, lactose, maltose, maltodextrin and raffinose; strain ACB7(T) grew weakly on sucrose only. 24824639 5 31 theme strain 517:522 arg1 ACB7 524:527 strain ACB7 517:527 strain ACB7(T) 517:530 Strains ACB1(T) and ACB8 were able to grow on glucose, lactose, maltose, maltodextrin and raffinose; strain ACB7(T) grew weakly on sucrose only. 24824639 16 32 theme  = HM-481 1858:1866 arg1 T 1887:1887 T 1887:1887 T 1887:1887 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 16 32 theme  = HM-481 1858:1866 arg1 BAA-2638 1878:1885  = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638 1843:1885  = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T) 1843:1888 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 8 33 theme C 951:951 arg1 DMA 1003:1005 C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA 940:1005 C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA 940:1005 Major fatty acids of strain ACB7(T) were C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 7 34 theme C 881:881 arg1 DMA 894:896 C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA 818:896 C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA 818:896 Major fatty acids of strain ACB1(T) were C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 12 35 dep strains 1465:1471 arg1 T 1493:1493 ACB7(T) 1488:1494 ACB7(T) 1488:1494 Predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 were <70%. 24824639 12 35 dep strains 1465:1471 arg1 strains 1465:1471 strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 1465:1513 strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 1465:1513 Predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 were <70%. 24824639 12 35 dep strains 1465:1471 arg1 T 1478:1478 ACB1(T) 1473:1479 ACB1(T) 1473:1479 Predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 were <70%. 24824639 12 35 dep strains 1465:1471 arg1 ACB8 1482:1485 ACB8 1482:1485 ACB8 1482:1485 Predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 were <70%. 24824639 12 35 dep strains 1465:1471 arg1 F0268 1509:1513 O. sinus F0268 1500:1513 O. sinus F0268 1500:1513 Predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 were <70%. 24824639 3 36 theme anaerobic 197:205 arg1 bacteria 261:268 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria 182:268 bacteria 261:268 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 3 36 theme anaerobic 197:205 arg1 ACB8 311:314 ACB8 311:314 ACB8 311:314 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 3 36 theme anaerobic 197:205 arg1 ACB7 299:302 ACB7 299:302 ACB7(T) 299:305 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 3 36 theme anaerobic 197:205 arg1 ACB1 290:293 designated strains ACB1 271:293 designated strains ACB1(T) 271:296 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 10 37 theme DNA 1124:1126 arg1 content 1132:1138 Genomic DNA G+C content 1116:1138 Genomic DNA G+C content 1116:1138 Genomic DNA G+C content varied from 42 to 43.3% between strains. 24824639 0 38 theme Oribacterium 0:11 arg1 sp 20:21 Oribacterium parvum sp 0:21 Oribacterium parvum sp. 0:22 Oribacterium parvum sp. 24824639 6 39 theme growth 565:570 arg1 range 584:588 The growth temperature range 561:588 The growth temperature range 561:588 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 6 39 theme growth 565:570 arg1 °C 600:601 30-42 °C 594:601 30-42 °C with optimum growth 594:621 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 6 40 theme only 723:726 arg1 acetate 768:774 acetate 768:774 acetate 768:774 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 6 40 theme only 723:726 arg1 product 728:734 the only product 719:734 the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 719:762 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 13 41 theme parvum 1740:1745 arg1 sp 1747:1748 Oribacterium parvum sp 1727:1748 Oribacterium parvum sp 1727:1748 Based on distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strains ACB1(T) and ACB8, and strain ACB7(T) are considered to represent two distinct species of the genus Oribacterium, for which the names Oribacterium parvum sp. 24824639 6 42 with °C 600:601 arg1 growth 616:621 optimum growth 608:621 optimum growth 608:621 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 2 43 theme genus 162:166 arg1 Oribacterium 168:179 the genus Oribacterium 158:179 the genus Oribacterium 158:179 nov., obligately anaerobic bacteria from the human oral cavity, and emended description of the genus Oribacterium. 24824639 11 44 theme % 1336:1336 arg1 similarity 1347:1356 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity 1327:1356 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus 1327:1415 According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7(T) formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium, with 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus. 24824639 7 45 theme dimethyl 853:860 arg1 DMA 872:874 DMA 872:874 DMA 872:874 Major fatty acids of strain ACB1(T) were C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 7 45 theme dimethyl 853:860 arg1 aldehyde 862:869 C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde 840:869 C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) 840:875 Major fatty acids of strain ACB1(T) were C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 3 46 theme subgingival 342:352 arg1 plaque 361:366 human subgingival dental plaque 336:366 human subgingival dental plaque 336:366 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 6 47 theme Major 633:637 arg1 products 666:673 Major metabolic fermentation end products 633:673 Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) 633:691 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 8 48 dep C 940:940 arg1 16  992:994 16  992:994 16 : 1 992:997 Major fatty acids of strain ACB7(T) were C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 11 49 theme 16S 1194:1196 arg1 phylogeny 1217:1225 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny 1194:1225 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny 1194:1225 According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7(T) formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium, with 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus. 24824639 9 50 theme type 1106:1109 arg1 A1γ 1111:1113 peptidoglycan type A1γ 1092:1113 peptidoglycan type A1γ 1092:1113 The hydrolysate of the peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, indicating peptidoglycan type A1γ. 24824639 13 51 theme distinct 1535:1542 arg1 characteristics 1569:1583 distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics 1535:1583 distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics 1535:1583 Based on distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strains ACB1(T) and ACB8, and strain ACB7(T) are considered to represent two distinct species of the genus Oribacterium, for which the names Oribacterium parvum sp. 24824639 12 52 theme DNA-DNA 1428:1434 arg1 hybridization 1436:1448 DNA-DNA hybridization 1428:1448 Predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 1418:1513 Predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 were <70%. 24824639 1 53 theme asaccharolyticum 46:61 arg1 sp 63:64 asaccharolyticum sp 46:64 asaccharolyticum sp 46:64 nov. and Oribacterium asaccharolyticum sp. 24824639 6 54 dep °C. 629:631 arg1 acetate 698:704 acetate 698:704 acetate 698:704 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 6 54 dep °C. 629:631 arg1 lactate 710:716 lactate 710:716 lactate 710:716 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 6 55 dep strains 739:745 arg1 strains 739:745 strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 739:762 strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 739:762 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 6 55 dep strains 739:745 arg1 T 752:752 T 752:752 T 752:752 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 6 55 dep strains 739:745 arg1 ACB8 759:762 ACB8 759:762 ACB8 759:762 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 6 55 dep strains 739:745 arg1 ACB7 747:750 ACB7 747:750 ACB7(T) 747:753 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 2 56 theme oral 118:121 arg1 cavity 123:128 the human oral cavity 108:128 the human oral cavity 108:128 nov., obligately anaerobic bacteria from the human oral cavity, and emended description of the genus Oribacterium. 24824639 8 57 dep 16  992:994 arg1  1 996:997  1 996:997 16 : 1 992:997 Major fatty acids of strain ACB7(T) were C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 16 58 theme  = DSM 1904:1909 arg1 T 1948:1948 T 1948:1948 T 1948:1948 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 16 58 theme  = DSM 1904:1909 arg1 BAA-2639 1939:1946  = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639 1904:1946  = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T) 1904:1949 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 9 59 contain contained 1045:1053 arg1 hydrolysate 1012:1022 The hydrolysate 1008:1022 The hydrolysate of the peptidoglycan 1008:1043 The hydrolysate of the peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, indicating peptidoglycan type A1γ. 24824639 9 59 contain contained 1045:1053 arg2 acid 1075:1078 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1055:1078 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1055:1078 The hydrolysate of the peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, indicating peptidoglycan type A1γ. 24824639 7 60 theme C 840:840 arg1 DMA 872:874 DMA 872:874 DMA 872:874 Major fatty acids of strain ACB1(T) were C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 7 60 theme C 840:840 arg1 aldehyde 862:869 C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde 840:869 C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) 840:875 Major fatty acids of strain ACB1(T) were C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 3 61 theme Gram-positive 208:220 arg1 bacteria 261:268 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria 182:268 bacteria 261:268 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 3 61 theme Gram-positive 208:220 arg1 ACB8 311:314 ACB8 311:314 ACB8 311:314 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 3 61 theme Gram-positive 208:220 arg1 ACB7 299:302 ACB7 299:302 ACB7(T) 299:305 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 3 61 theme Gram-positive 208:220 arg1 ACB1 290:293 designated strains ACB1 271:293 designated strains ACB1(T) 271:296 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 2 62 theme emended 135:141 arg1 description 143:153 emended description 135:153 emended description of the genus Oribacterium 135:179 nov., obligately anaerobic bacteria from the human oral cavity, and emended description of the genus Oribacterium. 24824639 6 63 theme strain 678:683 arg1 ACB1 685:688 strain ACB1 678:688 strain ACB1(T) 678:691 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 6 63 theme strain 678:683 arg1 T 690:690 T 690:690 T 690:690 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 11 64 theme Oribacterium 1398:1409 arg1 strain 1370:1375 the type strain 1361:1375 the type strain of the type species 1361:1395 According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7(T) formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium, with 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus. 24824639 11 64 theme Oribacterium 1398:1409 arg1 sinus 1411:1415 Oribacterium sinus 1398:1415 Oribacterium sinus 1398:1415 According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7(T) formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium, with 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus. 24824639 14 65 theme asaccharolyticum 1773:1788 arg1 sp 1790:1791 asaccharolyticum sp 1773:1791 asaccharolyticum sp 1773:1791 nov. and Oribacterium asaccharolyticum sp. 24824639 3 66 theme motile 254:259 arg1 bacteria 261:268 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria 182:268 bacteria 261:268 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 3 66 theme motile 254:259 arg1 ACB8 311:314 ACB8 311:314 ACB8 311:314 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 3 66 theme motile 254:259 arg1 ACB7 299:302 ACB7 299:302 ACB7(T) 299:305 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 3 66 theme motile 254:259 arg1 ACB1 290:293 designated strains ACB1 271:293 designated strains ACB1(T) 271:296 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 8 67 theme Major 899:903 arg1 acids 911:915 Major fatty acids 899:915 Major fatty acids of strain ACB7(T) 899:933 Major fatty acids of strain ACB7(T) were C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 6 68 theme fermentation 649:660 arg1 products 666:673 Major metabolic fermentation end products 633:673 Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) 633:691 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 3 69 theme strains 282:288 arg1 bacteria 261:268 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria 182:268 bacteria 261:268 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 3 69 theme strains 282:288 arg1 T 295:295 T 295:295 T 295:295 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 3 69 theme strains 282:288 arg1 ACB1 290:293 designated strains ACB1 271:293 designated strains ACB1(T) 271:296 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 8 70 theme C 973:973 arg1 DMA 1003:1005 C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA 940:1005 C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA 940:1005 Major fatty acids of strain ACB7(T) were C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 12 71 theme ACB7 1488:1491 arg1 T 1493:1493 ACB7(T) 1488:1494 ACB7(T) 1488:1494 Predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 were <70%. 24824639 12 71 theme ACB7 1488:1491 arg1 strains 1465:1471 strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 1465:1513 strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 1465:1513 Predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 were <70%. 24824639 12 72 theme sinus 1503:1507 arg1 strains 1465:1471 strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 1465:1513 strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 1465:1513 Predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 were <70%. 24824639 12 72 theme sinus 1503:1507 arg1 F0268 1509:1513 O. sinus F0268 1500:1513 O. sinus F0268 1500:1513 Predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 were <70%. 24824639 8 73 theme strain 920:925 arg1 T 932:932 T 932:932 T 932:932 Major fatty acids of strain ACB7(T) were C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 8 73 theme strain 920:925 arg1 ACB7 927:930 strain ACB7 920:930 strain ACB7(T) 920:933 Major fatty acids of strain ACB7(T) were C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 16 74 dep ACB1 1834:1837 arg1 T 1948:1948 T 1948:1948 T 1948:1948 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 16 74 dep ACB1 1834:1837 arg1 T 1887:1887 T 1887:1887 T 1887:1887 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 16 74 dep ACB1 1834:1837 arg1 BAA-2639 1939:1946  = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639 1904:1946  = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T) 1904:1949 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 16 74 dep ACB1 1834:1837 arg1 BAA-2638 1878:1885  = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638 1843:1885  = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T) 1843:1888 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 11 75 dep strains 1228:1234 arg1 ACB7 1254:1257 ACB7 1254:1257 ACB7 1254:1257 According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7(T) formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium, with 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus. 24824639 11 75 dep strains 1228:1234 arg1 T 1241:1241 T 1241:1241 T 1241:1241 According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7(T) formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium, with 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus. 24824639 11 75 dep strains 1228:1234 arg1 ACB8 1245:1248 ACB8 1245:1248 ACB8 1245:1248 According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7(T) formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium, with 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus. 24824639 11 75 dep strains 1228:1234 arg1 ACB1 1236:1239 ACB1 1236:1239 ACB1(T) 1236:1242 According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7(T) formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium, with 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus. 24824639 11 75 dep strains 1228:1234 arg1 strains 1228:1234 strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7 1228:1257 strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7(T) 1228:1260 According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7(T) formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium, with 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus. 24824639 11 76 theme species 1389:1395 arg1 strain 1370:1375 the type strain 1361:1375 the type strain of the type species 1361:1395 According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7(T) formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium, with 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus. 24824639 11 76 theme species 1389:1395 arg1 sinus 1411:1415 Oribacterium sinus 1398:1415 Oribacterium sinus 1398:1415 According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7(T) formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium, with 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus. 24824639 16 77 theme  = DSM 1843:1848 arg1 T 1887:1887 T 1887:1887 T 1887:1887 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 16 77 theme  = DSM 1843:1848 arg1 BAA-2638 1878:1885  = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638 1843:1885  = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T) 1843:1888 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 4 78 theme yeast 390:394 arg1 extract 396:402 yeast extract 390:402 yeast extract 390:402 All strains required yeast extract for growth. 24824639 8 79 theme C 990:990 arg1 DMA 1003:1005 C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA 940:1005 C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA 940:1005 Major fatty acids of strain ACB7(T) were C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 5 80 dep Strains 416:422 arg1 T 429:429 T 429:429 T 429:429 Strains ACB1(T) and ACB8 were able to grow on glucose, lactose, maltose, maltodextrin and raffinose; strain ACB7(T) grew weakly on sucrose only. 24824639 5 80 dep Strains 416:422 arg1 ACB1 424:427 ACB1 424:427 Strains ACB1(T) 416:430 Strains ACB1(T) and ACB8 were able to grow on glucose, lactose, maltose, maltodextrin and raffinose; strain ACB7(T) grew weakly on sucrose only. 24824639 8 81 theme C 940:940 arg1 DMA 1003:1005 C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA 940:1005 C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA 940:1005 Major fatty acids of strain ACB7(T) were C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 11 82 theme gene 1203:1206 arg1 phylogeny 1217:1225 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny 1194:1225 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny 1194:1225 According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7(T) formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium, with 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus. 24824639 7 83 theme ACB1 805:808 arg1 acids 789:793 Major fatty acids 777:793 Major fatty acids of strain ACB1(T) 777:811 Major fatty acids of strain ACB1(T) were C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 13 84 dep strains 1586:1592 arg1 ACB8 1606:1609 ACB8 1606:1609 ACB8 1606:1609 Based on distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strains ACB1(T) and ACB8, and strain ACB7(T) are considered to represent two distinct species of the genus Oribacterium, for which the names Oribacterium parvum sp. 24824639 13 84 dep strains 1586:1592 arg1 ACB1 1594:1597 ACB1 1594:1597 ACB1(T) 1594:1600 Based on distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strains ACB1(T) and ACB8, and strain ACB7(T) are considered to represent two distinct species of the genus Oribacterium, for which the names Oribacterium parvum sp. 24824639 13 84 dep strains 1586:1592 arg1 strains 1586:1592 strains ACB1(T) and ACB8 1586:1609 strains ACB1(T) and ACB8 1586:1609 Based on distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strains ACB1(T) and ACB8, and strain ACB7(T) are considered to represent two distinct species of the genus Oribacterium, for which the names Oribacterium parvum sp. 24824639 13 84 dep strains 1586:1592 arg1 T 1599:1599 T 1599:1599 T 1599:1599 Based on distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strains ACB1(T) and ACB8, and strain ACB7(T) are considered to represent two distinct species of the genus Oribacterium, for which the names Oribacterium parvum sp. 24824639 7 85 theme Major 777:781 arg1 acids 789:793 Major fatty acids 777:793 Major fatty acids of strain ACB1(T) 777:811 Major fatty acids of strain ACB1(T) were C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 7 86 theme fatty 783:787 arg1 acids 789:793 Major fatty acids 777:793 Major fatty acids of strain ACB1(T) 777:811 Major fatty acids of strain ACB1(T) were C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 13 87 theme Oribacterium 1693:1704 arg1 species 1672:1678 two distinct species 1659:1678 two distinct species 1659:1678 Based on distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strains ACB1(T) and ACB8, and strain ACB7(T) are considered to represent two distinct species of the genus Oribacterium, for which the names Oribacterium parvum sp. 24824639 16 88 theme T 1917:1917 arg1 T 1948:1948 T 1948:1948 T 1948:1948 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 16 88 theme T 1917:1917 arg1 BAA-2639 1939:1946  = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639 1904:1946  = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T) 1904:1949 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 8 89 theme ω7c 999:1001 arg1 DMA 1003:1005 C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA 940:1005 C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA 940:1005 Major fatty acids of strain ACB7(T) were C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 10 90 theme G+C 1128:1130 arg1 content 1132:1138 Genomic DNA G+C content 1116:1138 Genomic DNA G+C content 1116:1138 Genomic DNA G+C content varied from 42 to 43.3% between strains. 24824639 0 91 theme parvum 13:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Oribacterium parvum sp 0:21 Oribacterium parvum sp. 0:22 Oribacterium parvum sp. 24824639 16 92 theme  = HM-482 1919:1927 arg1 T 1948:1948 T 1948:1948 T 1948:1948 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 16 92 theme  = HM-482 1919:1927 arg1 BAA-2639 1939:1946  = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639 1904:1946  = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T) 1904:1949 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 3 93 theme human 336:340 arg1 plaque 361:366 human subgingival dental plaque 336:366 human subgingival dental plaque 336:366 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 10 94 dep 43.3 1158:1161 arg1 to 1155:1156 to 1155:1156 to 1155:1156 Genomic DNA G+C content varied from 42 to 43.3% between strains. 24824639 6 95 theme temperature 572:582 arg1 range 584:588 The growth temperature range 561:588 The growth temperature range 561:588 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 6 95 theme temperature 572:582 arg1 °C 600:601 30-42 °C 594:601 30-42 °C with optimum growth 594:621 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 10 96 theme Genomic 1116:1122 arg1 content 1132:1138 Genomic DNA G+C content 1116:1138 Genomic DNA G+C content 1116:1138 Genomic DNA G+C content varied from 42 to 43.3% between strains. 24824639 7 97 theme aldehyde 862:869 arg1 DMA 894:896 C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA 818:896 C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA 818:896 Major fatty acids of strain ACB1(T) were C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 9 98 theme peptidoglycan 1031:1043 arg1 hydrolysate 1012:1022 The hydrolysate 1008:1022 The hydrolysate of the peptidoglycan 1008:1043 The hydrolysate of the peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, indicating peptidoglycan type A1γ. 24824639 16 99 theme T 1929:1929 arg1 T 1948:1948 T 1948:1948 T 1948:1948 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 16 99 theme T 1929:1929 arg1 BAA-2639 1939:1946  = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639 1904:1946  = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T) 1904:1949 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 2 100 theme Oribacterium 168:179 arg1 nov. 67:70 nov. 67:70 nov. 67:70 nov., obligately anaerobic bacteria from the human oral cavity, and emended description of the genus Oribacterium. 24824639 2 100 theme Oribacterium 168:179 arg1 bacteria 94:101 obligately anaerobic bacteria 73:101 obligately anaerobic bacteria from the human oral cavity 73:128 nov., obligately anaerobic bacteria from the human oral cavity, and emended description of the genus Oribacterium. 24824639 2 100 theme Oribacterium 168:179 arg1 description 143:153 emended description 135:153 emended description of the genus Oribacterium 135:179 nov., obligately anaerobic bacteria from the human oral cavity, and emended description of the genus Oribacterium. 24824639 7 101 theme ω7c 849:851 arg1 DMA 872:874 DMA 872:874 DMA 872:874 Major fatty acids of strain ACB1(T) were C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 7 101 theme ω7c 849:851 arg1 aldehyde 862:869 C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde 840:869 C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) 840:875 Major fatty acids of strain ACB1(T) were C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C(18 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 9 102 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1055:1073 arg1 acid 1075:1078 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1055:1078 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1055:1078 The hydrolysate of the peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, indicating peptidoglycan type A1γ. 24824639 16 103 theme  = ATCC 1931:1937 arg1 T 1948:1948 T 1948:1948 T 1948:1948 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 16 103 theme  = ATCC 1931:1937 arg1 BAA-2639 1939:1946  = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639 1904:1946  = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T) 1904:1949 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 6 104 theme metabolic 639:647 arg1 products 666:673 Major metabolic fermentation end products 633:673 Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) 633:691 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 11 105 theme sequence 1338:1345 arg1 similarity 1347:1356 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity 1327:1356 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus 1327:1415 According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7(T) formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium, with 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus. 24824639 13 106 theme phenotypic 1558:1567 arg1 characteristics 1569:1583 distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics 1535:1583 distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics 1535:1583 Based on distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strains ACB1(T) and ACB8, and strain ACB7(T) are considered to represent two distinct species of the genus Oribacterium, for which the names Oribacterium parvum sp. 24824639 6 107 from °C. 629:631 arg1 range 584:588 The growth temperature range 561:588 The growth temperature range 561:588 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 6 107 from °C. 629:631 arg1 °C 600:601 30-42 °C 594:601 30-42 °C with optimum growth 594:621 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 3 108 theme dental 354:359 arg1 plaque 361:366 human subgingival dental plaque 336:366 human subgingival dental plaque 336:366 Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1(T), ACB7(T) and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. 24824639 16 109 theme type 1817:1820 arg1 strains 1822:1828 The type strains 1813:1828 The type strains 1813:1828 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 16 109 theme type 1817:1820 arg1 ACB1 1834:1837 ACB1 1834:1837 ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) 1834:1889 The type strains are ACB1(T) ( = DSM 24637(T) = HM-481(T) = ATCC BAA-2638(T)) and ACB7(T) ( = DSM 24638(T) = HM-482(T) = ATCC BAA-2639(T)), respectively. 24824639 8 110 theme C 962:962 arg1 DMA 1003:1005 C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA 940:1005 C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA 940:1005 Major fatty acids of strain ACB7(T) were C(12 : 0), C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 1)ω7c DMA. 24824639 11 111 theme separate 1273:1280 arg1 branches 1282:1289 two separate branches 1269:1289 two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium 1269:1319 According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7(T) formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium, with 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus. 24824639 13 112 theme genus 1687:1691 arg1 Oribacterium 1693:1704 the genus Oribacterium 1683:1704 the genus Oribacterium 1683:1704 Based on distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strains ACB1(T) and ACB8, and strain ACB7(T) are considered to represent two distinct species of the genus Oribacterium, for which the names Oribacterium parvum sp. 24824639 9 113 theme peptidoglycan 1092:1104 arg1 A1γ 1111:1113 peptidoglycan type A1γ 1092:1113 peptidoglycan type A1γ 1092:1113 The hydrolysate of the peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, indicating peptidoglycan type A1γ. 24824639 12 114 theme hybridization 1436:1448 arg1 values 1450:1455 Predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values 1418:1455 Predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 1418:1513 Predicted DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains ACB1(T), ACB8, ACB7(T) and O. sinus F0268 were <70%. 24824639 11 115 theme 98.1-98.6 1327:1335 arg1 % 1336:1336 % 1336:1336 % 1336:1336 According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7(T) formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium, with 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus. 24824639 6 116 theme optimum 608:614 arg1 growth 616:621 optimum growth 608:621 optimum growth 608:621 The growth temperature range was 30-42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1(T) were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7(T) and ACB8 was acetate. 24824639 11 117 theme genus 1302:1306 arg1 Oribacterium 1308:1319 the genus Oribacterium 1298:1319 the genus Oribacterium 1298:1319 According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1(T), ACB8 and ACB7(T) formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium, with 98.1-98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus. 24824639 13 118 theme genotypic 1544:1552 arg1 characteristics 1569:1583 distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics 1535:1583 distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics 1535:1583 Based on distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strains ACB1(T) and ACB8, and strain ACB7(T) are considered to represent two distinct species of the genus Oribacterium, for which the names Oribacterium parvum sp. 24733176 10 0 theme JCM 1588:1590 arg1 T 1614:1614 T 1614:1614 T 1614:1614 The type strain is NCCP-11(T) ( = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T)). 24733176 10 0 theme JCM 1588:1590 arg1 19798 1608:1612  = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798 1570:1612  = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T) 1570:1615 The type strain is NCCP-11(T) ( = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T)). 24733176 10 1 theme DSM 1573:1575 arg1 T 1614:1614 T 1614:1614 T 1614:1614 The type strain is NCCP-11(T) ( = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T)). 24733176 10 1 theme DSM 1573:1575 arg1 19798 1608:1612  = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798 1570:1612  = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T) 1570:1615 The type strain is NCCP-11(T) ( = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T)). 24733176 8 2 theme physiological 1253:1265 arg1 characteristics 1283:1297 physiological and biochemical characteristics 1253:1297 physiological and biochemical characteristics 1253:1297 On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness, physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic position, strain NCCP-11(T) can be differentiated from species of the genus Cellulomonas with validly published names and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp. 24733176 6 3 dep data 745:748 arg1 menaquinone 757:767 menaquinone 757:767 menaquinone 757:767 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 3 4 theme polyphasic 322:331 arg1 characterization 333:348 a polyphasic characterization 320:348 a polyphasic characterization 320:348 To delineate its taxonomic position, the strain was subjected to a polyphasic characterization. 24733176 2 5 theme anaerobic 115:123 arg1 strain 192:197 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain 79:197 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain 79:197 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain, designated NCCP-11(T), was isolated from paddy grains. 24733176 6 6 dep C14 860:862 arg1 0 866:866 0 866:866 0 866:866 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 6 6 dep C14 860:862 arg1 lipids 901:906 major polar lipids 889:906 major polar lipids 889:906 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 6 6 dep C14 860:862 arg1 0 886:886 0 886:886 0 886:886 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 6 6 dep C14 860:862 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 909:930 diphosphatidylglycerol 909:930 diphosphatidylglycerol 909:930 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 6 6 dep C14 860:862 arg1 anteiso-C17 872:882 anteiso-C17 872:882 anteiso-C17 872:882 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 8 7 theme DNA-DNA 1232:1238 arg1 relatedness 1240:1250 DNA-DNA relatedness 1232:1250 DNA-DNA relatedness 1232:1250 On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness, physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic position, strain NCCP-11(T) can be differentiated from species of the genus Cellulomonas with validly published names and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp. 24733176 5 8 theme type 589:592 arg1 strains 594:600 the type strains 585:600 the type strains of Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) and Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) 585:672 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-11(T) showed highest similarity to the type strains of Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) and Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) and less than 97 % with other closely related taxa. 24733176 6 9 theme chemotaxonomic 730:743 arg1 data 745:748 The chemotaxonomic data 726:748 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] 726:1014 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 5 10 theme strain 538:543 arg1 T 553:553 T 553:553 T 553:553 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-11(T) showed highest similarity to the type strains of Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) and Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) and less than 97 % with other closely related taxa. 24733176 5 10 theme strain 538:543 arg1 NCCP-11 545:551 strain NCCP-11 538:551 strain NCCP-11(T) 538:554 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-11(T) showed highest similarity to the type strains of Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) and Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) and less than 97 % with other closely related taxa. 24733176 1 11 theme halotolerant 50:61 arg1 Actinobacteria 63:76 a moderately halotolerant Actinobacteria 37:76 a moderately halotolerant Actinobacteria 37:76 nov., a moderately halotolerant Actinobacteria. 24733176 2 12 attach isolated 227:234 arg2 strain 192:197 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain 79:197 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain 79:197 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain, designated NCCP-11(T), was isolated from paddy grains. 24733176 2 12 attach isolated 227:234 arg1 grains 247:252 paddy grains 241:252 paddy grains 241:252 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain, designated NCCP-11(T), was isolated from paddy grains. 24733176 10 13 theme KCTC 1603:1606 arg1 T 1614:1614 T 1614:1614 T 1614:1614 The type strain is NCCP-11(T) ( = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T)). 24733176 10 13 theme KCTC 1603:1606 arg1 19798 1608:1612  = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798 1570:1612  = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T) 1570:1615 The type strain is NCCP-11(T) ( = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T)). 24733176 4 14 theme optimum 426:432 arg1 pH 434:435 optimum pH 7 426:437 optimum pH 7 426:437 Cells of strain NCCP-11(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 28-32 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-2%) in broth medium. 24733176 4 14 theme optimum 426:432 arg1 pH 418:419 pH 6-9 418:423 pH 6-9 (optimum pH 7) 418:438 Cells of strain NCCP-11(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 28-32 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-2%) in broth medium. 24733176 6 15 theme strain 1050:1055 arg1 NCCP-11 1057:1063 strain NCCP-11 1050:1063 strain NCCP-11(T) 1050:1066 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 6 15 theme strain 1050:1055 arg1 T 1065:1065 T 1065:1065 T 1065:1065 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 10 16 theme  = 1600:1601 arg1 T 1614:1614 T 1614:1614 T 1614:1614 The type strain is NCCP-11(T) ( = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T)). 24733176 10 16 theme  = 1600:1601 arg1 19798 1608:1612  = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798 1570:1612  = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T) 1570:1615 The type strain is NCCP-11(T) ( = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T)). 24733176 8 17 theme phylogenetic 1303:1314 arg1 position 1316:1323 phylogenetic position 1303:1323 phylogenetic position 1303:1323 On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness, physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic position, strain NCCP-11(T) can be differentiated from species of the genus Cellulomonas with validly published names and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp. 24733176 8 17 theme phylogenetic 1303:1314 arg1 NCCP-11 1333:1339 strain NCCP-11 1326:1339 strain NCCP-11(T) 1326:1342 On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness, physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic position, strain NCCP-11(T) can be differentiated from species of the genus Cellulomonas with validly published names and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp. 24733176 2 18 theme actinobacterial 176:190 arg1 strain 192:197 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain 79:197 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain 79:197 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain, designated NCCP-11(T), was isolated from paddy grains. 24733176 5 19 theme 16S 505:507 arg1 analysis 528:535 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 505:535 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 505:535 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-11(T) showed highest similarity to the type strains of Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) and Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) and less than 97 % with other closely related taxa. 24733176 7 20 theme type 1166:1169 arg1 strains 1171:1177 the two type strains 1158:1177 the two type strains mentioned above 1158:1193 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NCCP-11(T) and the two type strains mentioned above was less than 42.7%. 24733176 5 21 theme Cellulomonas 605:616 arg1 hominis 618:624 Cellulomonas hominis 605:624 Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) 605:633 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-11(T) showed highest similarity to the type strains of Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) and Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) and less than 97 % with other closely related taxa. 24733176 5 21 theme Cellulomonas 605:616 arg1 % 632:632 98.99% 627:632 98.99% 627:632 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-11(T) showed highest similarity to the type strains of Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) and Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) and less than 97 % with other closely related taxa. 24733176 2 22 theme plant-growth-promoting 153:174 arg1 strain 192:197 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain 79:197 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain 79:197 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain, designated NCCP-11(T), was isolated from paddy grains. 24733176 5 23 theme rRNA 509:512 arg1 analysis 528:535 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 505:535 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 505:535 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-11(T) showed highest similarity to the type strains of Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) and Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) and less than 97 % with other closely related taxa. 24733176 8 24 theme novel 1456:1460 arg1 species 1462:1468 a novel species 1454:1468 a novel species 1454:1468 On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness, physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic position, strain NCCP-11(T) can be differentiated from species of the genus Cellulomonas with validly published names and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp. 24733176 0 25 theme pakistanensis 13:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp 0:28 Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp. 0:29 Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp. 24733176 2 26 theme halotolerant 140:151 arg1 strain 192:197 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain 79:197 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain 79:197 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain, designated NCCP-11(T), was isolated from paddy grains. 24733176 5 27 theme gene 514:517 arg1 analysis 528:535 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 505:535 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 505:535 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-11(T) showed highest similarity to the type strains of Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) and Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) and less than 97 % with other closely related taxa. 24733176 10 28 theme T 1598:1598 arg1 T 1614:1614 T 1614:1614 T 1614:1614 The type strain is NCCP-11(T) ( = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T)). 24733176 10 28 theme T 1598:1598 arg1 19798 1608:1612  = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798 1570:1612  = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T) 1570:1615 The type strain is NCCP-11(T) ( = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T)). 24733176 5 29 theme other 698:702 arg1 taxa 720:723 other closely related taxa 698:723 other closely related taxa 698:723 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-11(T) showed highest similarity to the type strains of Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) and Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) and less than 97 % with other closely related taxa. 24733176 0 30 theme Cellulomonas 0:11 arg1 sp 27:28 Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp 0:28 Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp. 0:29 Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp. 24733176 6 31 theme peptidoglycan 790:802 arg1 A4β 810:812 cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β 780:812 MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0 770:848 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 6 31 theme peptidoglycan 790:802 arg1 H4 775:776 H4 775:776 H4 775:776 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 5 32 theme sequence 519:526 arg1 analysis 528:535 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 505:535 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 505:535 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-11(T) showed highest similarity to the type strains of Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) and Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) and less than 97 % with other closely related taxa. 24733176 8 33 dep relatedness 1240:1250 arg1 basis 1223:1227 basis 1223:1227 basis 1223:1227 On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness, physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic position, strain NCCP-11(T) can be differentiated from species of the genus Cellulomonas with validly published names and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp. 24733176 8 33 dep relatedness 1240:1250 arg1 the 1219:1221 the 1219:1221 the 1219:1221 On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness, physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic position, strain NCCP-11(T) can be differentiated from species of the genus Cellulomonas with validly published names and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp. 24733176 10 34 theme T 1583:1583 arg1 T 1614:1614 T 1614:1614 T 1614:1614 The type strain is NCCP-11(T) ( = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T)). 24733176 10 34 theme T 1583:1583 arg1 19798 1608:1612  = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798 1570:1612  = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T) 1570:1615 The type strain is NCCP-11(T) ( = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T)). 24733176 10 35 dep NCCP-11 1558:1564 arg1 T 1614:1614 T 1614:1614 T 1614:1614 The type strain is NCCP-11(T) ( = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T)). 24733176 10 35 dep NCCP-11 1558:1564 arg1 19798 1608:1612  = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798 1570:1612  = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T) 1570:1615 The type strain is NCCP-11(T) ( = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T)). 24733176 6 36 theme cell-wall 780:788 arg1 A4β 810:812 cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β 780:812 MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0 770:848 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 6 36 theme cell-wall 780:788 arg1 H4 775:776 H4 775:776 H4 775:776 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 5 37 theme highest 563:569 arg1 similarity 571:580 highest similarity 563:580 highest similarity to the type strains of Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) and Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) 563:672 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-11(T) showed highest similarity to the type strains of Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) and Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) and less than 97 % with other closely related taxa. 24733176 7 38 theme DNA-DNA 1108:1114 arg1 relatedness 1116:1126 DNA-DNA relatedness 1108:1126 DNA-DNA relatedness 1108:1126 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NCCP-11(T) and the two type strains mentioned above was less than 42.7%. 24733176 6 39 theme polar 895:899 arg1 lipids 901:906 major polar lipids 889:906 major polar lipids 889:906 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 8 40 theme pakistanensis 1503:1515 arg1 sp 1517:1518 the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp 1481:1518 the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp 1481:1518 On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness, physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic position, strain NCCP-11(T) can be differentiated from species of the genus Cellulomonas with validly published names and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp. 24733176 6 41 theme major 889:893 arg1 lipids 901:906 major polar lipids 889:906 major polar lipids 889:906 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 10 42 theme  = 1585:1586 arg1 T 1614:1614 T 1614:1614 T 1614:1614 The type strain is NCCP-11(T) ( = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T)). 24733176 10 42 theme  = 1585:1586 arg1 19798 1608:1612  = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798 1570:1612  = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T) 1570:1615 The type strain is NCCP-11(T) ( = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T)). 24733176 4 43 theme optimum 465:471 arg1 % 476:476 optimum 1-2% 465:476 optimum 1-2% 465:476 Cells of strain NCCP-11(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 28-32 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-2%) in broth medium. 24733176 4 43 theme optimum 465:471 arg1 NaCl 459:462 0-12% (w/v) NaCl 447:462 0-12% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-2%) 447:477 Cells of strain NCCP-11(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 28-32 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-2%) in broth medium. 24733176 3 44 theme taxonomic 272:280 arg1 position 282:289 its taxonomic position 268:289 its taxonomic position 268:289 To delineate its taxonomic position, the strain was subjected to a polyphasic characterization. 24733176 10 45 theme type 1543:1546 arg1 NCCP-11 1558:1564 NCCP-11 1558:1564 NCCP-11 1558:1564 The type strain is NCCP-11(T) ( = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T)). 24733176 10 45 theme type 1543:1546 arg1 strain 1548:1553 The type strain 1539:1553 The type strain 1539:1553 The type strain is NCCP-11(T) ( = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T)). 24733176 6 46 dep menaquinone 757:767 arg1 A4β 810:812 cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β 780:812 MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0 770:848 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 6 46 dep menaquinone 757:767 arg1 [major 750:755 [major 750:755 [major 750:755 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 6 46 dep menaquinone 757:767 arg1 C14 860:862 C14 860:862 C14 860:862 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 6 46 dep menaquinone 757:767 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 933:952 phosphatidylinositol 933:952 phosphatidylinositol 933:952 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 6 46 dep menaquinone 757:767 arg1 lipids 1008:1013 two unknown polar lipids 990:1013 two unknown polar lipids 990:1013 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 6 46 dep menaquinone 757:767 arg1 C16 851:853 C16 851:853 C16 851:853 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 6 46 dep menaquinone 757:767 arg1 phosphatidylinositolmannosides 955:984 phosphatidylinositolmannosides 955:984 phosphatidylinositolmannosides 955:984 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 6 46 dep menaquinone 757:767 arg1 H4 775:776 H4 775:776 H4 775:776 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 2 47 theme paddy 241:245 arg1 grains 247:252 paddy grains 241:252 paddy grains 241:252 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain, designated NCCP-11(T), was isolated from paddy grains. 24733176 8 48 theme name 1485:1488 arg1 sp 1517:1518 the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp 1481:1518 the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp 1481:1518 On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness, physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic position, strain NCCP-11(T) can be differentiated from species of the genus Cellulomonas with validly published names and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp. 24733176 4 49 theme w/v 454:456 arg1 % 476:476 optimum 1-2% 465:476 optimum 1-2% 465:476 Cells of strain NCCP-11(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 28-32 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-2%) in broth medium. 24733176 4 49 theme w/v 454:456 arg1 NaCl 459:462 0-12% (w/v) NaCl 447:462 0-12% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-2%) 447:477 Cells of strain NCCP-11(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 28-32 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-2%) in broth medium. 24733176 5 50 theme Cellulomonas 639:650 arg1 denverensis 652:662 Cellulomonas denverensis 639:662 Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) 639:672 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-11(T) showed highest similarity to the type strains of Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) and Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) and less than 97 % with other closely related taxa. 24733176 5 50 theme Cellulomonas 639:650 arg1 % 671:671 98.09 % 665:671 98.09 % 665:671 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-11(T) showed highest similarity to the type strains of Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) and Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) and less than 97 % with other closely related taxa. 24733176 2 51 theme motile 93:98 arg1 strain 192:197 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain 79:197 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain 79:197 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain, designated NCCP-11(T), was isolated from paddy grains. 24733176 6 52 theme genus 1075:1079 arg1 Cellulomonas 1081:1092 the genus Cellulomonas 1071:1092 the genus Cellulomonas 1071:1092 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 7 53 theme strain 1136:1141 arg1 NCCP-11 1143:1149 strain NCCP-11 1136:1149 strain NCCP-11(T) 1136:1152 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NCCP-11(T) and the two type strains mentioned above was less than 42.7%. 24733176 7 53 theme strain 1136:1141 arg1 T 1151:1151 T 1151:1151 T 1151:1151 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NCCP-11(T) and the two type strains mentioned above was less than 42.7%. 24733176 8 54 theme biochemical 1271:1281 arg1 characteristics 1283:1297 physiological and biochemical characteristics 1253:1297 physiological and biochemical characteristics 1253:1297 On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness, physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic position, strain NCCP-11(T) can be differentiated from species of the genus Cellulomonas with validly published names and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp. 24733176 5 55 theme denverensis 652:662 arg1 strains 594:600 the type strains 585:600 the type strains of Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) and Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) 585:672 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-11(T) showed highest similarity to the type strains of Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) and Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) and less than 97 % with other closely related taxa. 24733176 6 56 dep A4β 810:812 arg1 acids 827:831 major fatty acids 815:831 MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0 770:848 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 8 57 theme strain 1326:1331 arg1 T 1341:1341 T 1341:1341 T 1341:1341 On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness, physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic position, strain NCCP-11(T) can be differentiated from species of the genus Cellulomonas with validly published names and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp. 24733176 8 57 theme strain 1326:1331 arg1 position 1316:1323 phylogenetic position 1303:1323 phylogenetic position 1303:1323 On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness, physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic position, strain NCCP-11(T) can be differentiated from species of the genus Cellulomonas with validly published names and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp. 24733176 8 57 theme strain 1326:1331 arg1 NCCP-11 1333:1339 strain NCCP-11 1326:1339 strain NCCP-11(T) 1326:1342 On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness, physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic position, strain NCCP-11(T) can be differentiated from species of the genus Cellulomonas with validly published names and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp. 24733176 6 58 theme polar 1002:1006 arg1 lipids 1008:1013 two unknown polar lipids 990:1013 two unknown polar lipids 990:1013 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 6 58 theme polar 1002:1006 arg1 C14 860:862 C14 860:862 C14 860:862 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 4 59 theme NCCP-11 367:373 arg1 Cells 351:355 Cells 351:355 Cells of strain NCCP-11(T) 351:376 Cells of strain NCCP-11(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 28-32 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-2%) in broth medium. 24733176 6 60 theme NCCP-11 1057:1063 arg1 affiliation 1035:1045 the affiliation 1031:1045 the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas 1031:1092 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 8 61 theme genus 1386:1390 arg1 Cellulomonas 1392:1403 the genus Cellulomonas 1382:1403 the genus Cellulomonas 1382:1403 On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness, physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic position, strain NCCP-11(T) can be differentiated from species of the genus Cellulomonas with validly published names and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp. 24733176 2 62 theme rod-shaped 81:90 arg1 strain 192:197 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain 79:197 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain 79:197 A rod-shaped, motile, facultatively anaerobic and moderately halotolerant plant-growth-promoting actinobacterial strain, designated NCCP-11(T), was isolated from paddy grains. 24733176 5 63 with % 691:691 arg1 taxa 720:723 other closely related taxa 698:723 other closely related taxa 698:723 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-11(T) showed highest similarity to the type strains of Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) and Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) and less than 97 % with other closely related taxa. 24733176 4 64 theme optimum 396:402 arg1 °C 410:411 optimum 28-32 °C 396:411 optimum 28-32 °C 396:411 Cells of strain NCCP-11(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 28-32 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-2%) in broth medium. 24733176 4 64 theme optimum 396:402 arg1 °C 392:393 10-37 °C 386:393 10-37 °C (optimum 28-32 °C) 386:412 Cells of strain NCCP-11(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 28-32 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-2%) in broth medium. 24733176 6 65 theme unknown 994:1000 arg1 lipids 1008:1013 two unknown polar lipids 990:1013 two unknown polar lipids 990:1013 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 6 65 theme unknown 994:1000 arg1 C14 860:862 C14 860:862 C14 860:862 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 4 66 theme strain 360:365 arg1 T 375:375 T 375:375 T 375:375 Cells of strain NCCP-11(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 28-32 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-2%) in broth medium. 24733176 4 66 theme strain 360:365 arg1 NCCP-11 367:373 strain NCCP-11 360:373 strain NCCP-11(T) 360:376 Cells of strain NCCP-11(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 28-32 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-2%) in broth medium. 24733176 6 67 theme type 805:808 arg1 A4β 810:812 cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β 780:812 MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0 770:848 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 6 67 theme type 805:808 arg1 H4 775:776 H4 775:776 H4 775:776 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 8 68 theme Cellulomonas 1490:1501 arg1 sp 1517:1518 the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp 1481:1518 the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp 1481:1518 On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness, physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic position, strain NCCP-11(T) can be differentiated from species of the genus Cellulomonas with validly published names and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp. 24733176 7 69 theme relatedness 1116:1126 arg1 % 1213:1213 less than 42.7% 1199:1213 less than 42.7% 1199:1213 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NCCP-11(T) and the two type strains mentioned above was less than 42.7%. 24733176 7 69 theme relatedness 1116:1126 arg1 level 1099:1103 The level 1095:1103 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NCCP-11(T) and the two type strains mentioned above 1095:1193 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NCCP-11(T) and the two type strains mentioned above was less than 42.7%. 24733176 1 70 dep Actinobacteria 63:76 arg1 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov., a moderately halotolerant Actinobacteria. 24733176 5 71 theme hominis 618:624 arg1 strains 594:600 the type strains 585:600 the type strains of Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) and Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) 585:672 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-11(T) showed highest similarity to the type strains of Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) and Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) and less than 97 % with other closely related taxa. 24733176 5 72 with similarity 571:580 arg1 taxa 720:723 other closely related taxa 698:723 other closely related taxa 698:723 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-11(T) showed highest similarity to the type strains of Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) and Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) and less than 97 % with other closely related taxa. 24733176 5 73 theme related 712:718 arg1 taxa 720:723 other closely related taxa 698:723 other closely related taxa 698:723 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NCCP-11(T) showed highest similarity to the type strains of Cellulomonas hominis (98.99%) and Cellulomonas denverensis (98.09 %) and less than 97 % with other closely related taxa. 24733176 8 74 theme Cellulomonas 1392:1403 arg1 species 1371:1377 species 1371:1377 species of the genus Cellulomonas 1371:1403 On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness, physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic position, strain NCCP-11(T) can be differentiated from species of the genus Cellulomonas with validly published names and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp. 24733176 6 75 theme fatty 821:825 arg1 acids 827:831 major fatty acids 815:831 MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0 770:848 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 4 76 theme broth 482:486 arg1 medium 488:493 broth medium 482:493 broth medium 482:493 Cells of strain NCCP-11(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 28-32 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-2%) in broth medium. 24733176 10 77 theme 18755 1592:1596 arg1 T 1614:1614 T 1614:1614 T 1614:1614 The type strain is NCCP-11(T) ( = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T)). 24733176 10 77 theme 18755 1592:1596 arg1 19798 1608:1612  = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798 1570:1612  = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T) 1570:1615 The type strain is NCCP-11(T) ( = DSM 24792(T) = JCM 18755(T) = KCTC 19798(T)). 24733176 6 78 theme major 815:819 arg1 acids 827:831 major fatty acids 815:831 MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0 770:848 The chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-9(H4); cell-wall peptidoglycan: type A4β; major fatty acids: anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides and two unknown polar lipids] also supported the affiliation of strain NCCP-11(T) to the genus Cellulomonas. 24733176 8 79 theme published 1418:1426 arg1 names 1428:1432 validly published names 1410:1432 validly published names 1410:1432 On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness, physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic position, strain NCCP-11(T) can be differentiated from species of the genus Cellulomonas with validly published names and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp. 24733176 4 80 theme % 451:451 arg1 % 476:476 optimum 1-2% 465:476 optimum 1-2% 465:476 Cells of strain NCCP-11(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 28-32 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-2%) in broth medium. 24733176 4 80 theme % 451:451 arg1 NaCl 459:462 0-12% (w/v) NaCl 447:462 0-12% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-2%) 447:477 Cells of strain NCCP-11(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 28-32 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-12% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-2%) in broth medium. 24048866 3 0 theme manufacturing 291:303 arg1 process 305:311 the manufacturing process 287:311 the manufacturing process of a sesame-flavoured liquor in Shandong province, China 287:368 A thermophilic bacterium, designated strain H-18(T), was isolated from a high-temperature Daqu sample collected from the manufacturing process of a sesame-flavoured liquor in Shandong province, China. 24048866 11 1 dep Laceyella 1130:1138 arg1 % 1167:1167 96.32 % 1161:1167 96.32 % 1161:1167 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 11 1 dep Laceyella 1130:1138 arg1 putida 1140:1145 Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) 1130:1168 Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) 1130:1168 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 11 1 dep Laceyella 1130:1138 arg1 KCTC 1147:1150 KCTC 3666 1147:1155 Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) 1130:1168 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 11 1 dep Laceyella 1130:1138 arg1 T 1157:1157 T 1157:1157 T 1157:1157 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 13 2 theme Thermoactinomyces 1488:1504 arg1 species 1467:1473 a novel species 1459:1473 a novel species 1459:1473 Based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain H-18(T) represents a novel species of the genus Thermoactinomyces, for which the name Thermoactinomyces daqus sp. 24048866 5 3 theme substrate 504:512 arg1 mycelium 514:521 greyish-yellow substrate mycelium 489:521 greyish-yellow substrate mycelium 489:521 Strain H-18(T) formed white aerial mycelium and greyish-yellow substrate mycelium, bearing single endospores on aerial and substrate hyphae or on unbranched short sporophores. 24048866 10 4 theme G+C 875:877 arg1 % 918:918 49.1 mol% 910:918 49.1 mol% 910:918 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.1 mol%. 24048866 10 4 theme G+C 875:877 arg1 content 879:885 The G+C content 871:885 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 871:904 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.1 mol%. 24048866 15 5 theme 45914 1607:1611 arg1 T 1629:1629 T 1629:1629 T 1629:1629 The type strain is H-18(T) ( = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681(T)). 24048866 15 5 theme 45914 1607:1611 arg1 10681 1623:1627  = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681 1600:1627  = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681(T) 1600:1630 The type strain is H-18(T) ( = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681(T)). 24048866 9 6 theme genus 846:850 arg1 Thermoactinomyces 852:868 the genus Thermoactinomyces 842:868 the genus Thermoactinomyces 842:868 These chemotaxonomic properties are similar to those of members of the genus Thermoactinomyces. 24048866 2 7 theme fermentation 106:117 arg1 starter 119:125 a fermentation starter 104:125 a fermentation starter used in the production of Chinese liquors 104:167 Daqu is a fermentation starter used in the production of Chinese liquors. 24048866 2 7 theme fermentation 106:117 arg1 Daqu 96:99 Daqu 96:99 Daqu 96:99 Daqu is a fermentation starter used in the production of Chinese liquors. 24048866 5 8 theme substrate 564:572 arg1 hyphae 574:579 aerial and substrate hyphae 553:579 hyphae 574:579 Strain H-18(T) formed white aerial mycelium and greyish-yellow substrate mycelium, bearing single endospores on aerial and substrate hyphae or on unbranched short sporophores. 24048866 7 9 theme fatty 691:695 arg1 iso-C15  708:715 iso-C15  708:715 iso-C15  708:715 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 24048866 7 9 theme fatty 691:695 arg1 acids 697:701 The major fatty acids 681:701 The major fatty acids 681:701 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 24048866 3 10 theme strain 207:212 arg1 T 219:219 T 219:219 T 219:219 A thermophilic bacterium, designated strain H-18(T), was isolated from a high-temperature Daqu sample collected from the manufacturing process of a sesame-flavoured liquor in Shandong province, China. 24048866 3 10 theme strain 207:212 arg1 H-18 214:217 strain H-18 207:217 strain H-18(T) 207:220 A thermophilic bacterium, designated strain H-18(T), was isolated from a high-temperature Daqu sample collected from the manufacturing process of a sesame-flavoured liquor in Shandong province, China. 24048866 12 11 theme Strain 1217:1222 arg1 T 1229:1229 T 1229:1229 T 1229:1229 Strain H-18(T) showed low DNA-DNA relatedness (40.8, 33.4, 20.0 and 14.4 %) with the above strains. 24048866 12 11 theme Strain 1217:1222 arg1 H-18 1224:1227 Strain H-18 1217:1227 Strain H-18(T) 1217:1230 Strain H-18(T) showed low DNA-DNA relatedness (40.8, 33.4, 20.0 and 14.4 %) with the above strains. 24048866 15 12 theme  = DSM 1600:1605 arg1 T 1629:1629 T 1629:1629 T 1629:1629 The type strain is H-18(T) ( = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681(T)). 24048866 15 12 theme  = DSM 1600:1605 arg1 10681 1623:1627  = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681 1600:1627  = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681(T) 1600:1630 The type strain is H-18(T) ( = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681(T)). 24048866 12 13 theme DNA-DNA 1243:1249 arg1 relatedness 1251:1261 low DNA-DNA relatedness 1239:1261 low DNA-DNA relatedness (40.8, 33.4, 20.0 and 14.4 %) 1239:1291 Strain H-18(T) showed low DNA-DNA relatedness (40.8, 33.4, 20.0 and 14.4 %) with the above strains. 24048866 12 13 theme DNA-DNA 1243:1249 arg1 % 1290:1290 40.8, 33.4, 20.0 and 14.4 % 1264:1290 40.8, 33.4, 20.0 and 14.4 % 1264:1290 Strain H-18(T) showed low DNA-DNA relatedness (40.8, 33.4, 20.0 and 14.4 %) with the above strains. 24048866 13 14 theme physiological 1407:1419 arg1 properties 1421:1430 physiological properties 1407:1430 physiological properties 1407:1430 Based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain H-18(T) represents a novel species of the genus Thermoactinomyces, for which the name Thermoactinomyces daqus sp. 24048866 10 15 theme DNA 902:904 arg1 % 918:918 49.1 mol% 910:918 49.1 mol% 910:918 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.1 mol%. 24048866 10 15 theme DNA 902:904 arg1 content 879:885 The G+C content 871:885 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 871:904 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.1 mol%. 24048866 3 16 theme sesame-flavoured 318:333 arg1 liquor 335:340 a sesame-flavoured liquor 316:340 a sesame-flavoured liquor 316:340 A thermophilic bacterium, designated strain H-18(T), was isolated from a high-temperature Daqu sample collected from the manufacturing process of a sesame-flavoured liquor in Shandong province, China. 24048866 12 17 theme low 1239:1241 arg1 relatedness 1251:1261 low DNA-DNA relatedness 1239:1261 low DNA-DNA relatedness (40.8, 33.4, 20.0 and 14.4 %) 1239:1291 Strain H-18(T) showed low DNA-DNA relatedness (40.8, 33.4, 20.0 and 14.4 %) with the above strains. 24048866 12 17 theme low 1239:1241 arg1 % 1290:1290 40.8, 33.4, 20.0 and 14.4 % 1264:1290 40.8, 33.4, 20.0 and 14.4 % 1264:1290 Strain H-18(T) showed low DNA-DNA relatedness (40.8, 33.4, 20.0 and 14.4 %) with the above strains. 24048866 5 18 theme unbranched 587:596 arg1 sporophores 604:614 unbranched short sporophores 587:614 unbranched short sporophores 587:614 Strain H-18(T) formed white aerial mycelium and greyish-yellow substrate mycelium, bearing single endospores on aerial and substrate hyphae or on unbranched short sporophores. 24048866 10 19 theme genomic 894:900 arg1 DNA 902:904 the genomic DNA 890:904 the genomic DNA 890:904 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.1 mol%. 24048866 11 20 theme vulgaris 1032:1039 arg1 similarity 1063:1072 96.42 % similarity 1055:1072 96.42 % similarity 1055:1072 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 11 20 theme vulgaris 1032:1039 arg1 KCTC 1041:1044 Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076 1014:1049 Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity) 1014:1073 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 11 20 theme vulgaris 1032:1039 arg1 T 1051:1051 T 1051:1051 T 1051:1051 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 3 21 theme liquor 335:340 arg1 process 305:311 the manufacturing process 287:311 the manufacturing process of a sesame-flavoured liquor in Shandong province, China 287:368 A thermophilic bacterium, designated strain H-18(T), was isolated from a high-temperature Daqu sample collected from the manufacturing process of a sesame-flavoured liquor in Shandong province, China. 24048866 5 22 theme short 598:602 arg1 sporophores 604:614 unbranched short sporophores 587:614 unbranched short sporophores 587:614 Strain H-18(T) formed white aerial mycelium and greyish-yellow substrate mycelium, bearing single endospores on aerial and substrate hyphae or on unbranched short sporophores. 24048866 1 23 theme high-temperature 73:88 arg1 Daqu 90:93 high-temperature Daqu 73:93 high-temperature Daqu 73:93 nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from high-temperature Daqu. 24048866 5 24 theme white 463:467 arg1 mycelium 476:483 white aerial mycelium 463:483 white aerial mycelium 463:483 Strain H-18(T) formed white aerial mycelium and greyish-yellow substrate mycelium, bearing single endospores on aerial and substrate hyphae or on unbranched short sporophores. 24048866 0 25 theme daqus 18:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Thermoactinomyces daqus sp 0:25 Thermoactinomyces daqus sp. 0:26 Thermoactinomyces daqus sp. 24048866 5 26 theme aerial 469:474 arg1 mycelium 476:483 white aerial mycelium 463:483 white aerial mycelium 463:483 Strain H-18(T) formed white aerial mycelium and greyish-yellow substrate mycelium, bearing single endospores on aerial and substrate hyphae or on unbranched short sporophores. 24048866 0 27 theme Thermoactinomyces 0:16 arg1 sp 24:25 Thermoactinomyces daqus sp 0:25 Thermoactinomyces daqus sp. 0:26 Thermoactinomyces daqus sp. 24048866 11 28 theme gene 930:933 arg1 comparisons 944:954 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 921:954 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 921:954 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 13 29 theme genus 1482:1486 arg1 Thermoactinomyces 1488:1504 the genus Thermoactinomyces 1478:1504 the genus Thermoactinomyces 1478:1504 Based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain H-18(T) represents a novel species of the genus Thermoactinomyces, for which the name Thermoactinomyces daqus sp. 24048866 3 30 theme thermophilic 172:183 arg1 bacterium 185:193 A thermophilic bacterium 170:193 A thermophilic bacterium 170:193 A thermophilic bacterium, designated strain H-18(T), was isolated from a high-temperature Daqu sample collected from the manufacturing process of a sesame-flavoured liquor in Shandong province, China. 24048866 7 31 dep iso-C15  708:715 arg1  0 717:718  0 717:718  0 717:718 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 24048866 7 31 dep iso-C15  708:715 arg1  0 733:734  0 733:734 iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 708:734 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 24048866 7 31 dep iso-C15  708:715 arg1 iso-C17  724:731 iso-C17  724:731 iso-C17  724:731 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 24048866 5 32 theme Strain 441:446 arg1 T 453:453 T 453:453 T 453:453 Strain H-18(T) formed white aerial mycelium and greyish-yellow substrate mycelium, bearing single endospores on aerial and substrate hyphae or on unbranched short sporophores. 24048866 5 32 theme Strain 441:446 arg1 H-18 448:451 Strain H-18 441:451 Strain H-18(T) 441:454 Strain H-18(T) formed white aerial mycelium and greyish-yellow substrate mycelium, bearing single endospores on aerial and substrate hyphae or on unbranched short sporophores. 24048866 11 33 theme Thermoactinomyces 1014:1030 arg1 similarity 1063:1072 96.42 % similarity 1055:1072 96.42 % similarity 1055:1072 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 11 33 theme Thermoactinomyces 1014:1030 arg1 KCTC 1041:1044 Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076 1014:1049 Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity) 1014:1073 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 11 33 theme Thermoactinomyces 1014:1030 arg1 T 1051:1051 T 1051:1051 T 1051:1051 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 5 34 theme aerial 553:558 arg1 hyphae 574:579 aerial and substrate hyphae 553:579 hyphae 574:579 Strain H-18(T) formed white aerial mycelium and greyish-yellow substrate mycelium, bearing single endospores on aerial and substrate hyphae or on unbranched short sporophores. 24048866 3 35 theme high-temperature 243:258 arg1 sample 265:270 a high-temperature Daqu sample 241:270 a high-temperature Daqu sample collected from the manufacturing process of a sesame-flavoured liquor in Shandong province, China 241:368 A thermophilic bacterium, designated strain H-18(T), was isolated from a high-temperature Daqu sample collected from the manufacturing process of a sesame-flavoured liquor in Shandong province, China. 24048866 13 36 theme hybridization 1384:1396 arg1 data 1398:1401 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1376:1401 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1376:1401 Based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain H-18(T) represents a novel species of the genus Thermoactinomyces, for which the name Thermoactinomyces daqus sp. 24048866 13 37 theme morphological 1326:1338 arg1 characteristics 1359:1373 morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1326:1373 morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1326:1373 Based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain H-18(T) represents a novel species of the genus Thermoactinomyces, for which the name Thermoactinomyces daqus sp. 24048866 13 38 theme DNA-DNA 1376:1382 arg1 data 1398:1401 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1376:1401 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1376:1401 Based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain H-18(T) represents a novel species of the genus Thermoactinomyces, for which the name Thermoactinomyces daqus sp. 24048866 11 39 theme 16S 921:923 arg1 comparisons 944:954 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 921:954 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 921:954 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 3 40 theme Daqu 260:263 arg1 sample 265:270 a high-temperature Daqu sample 241:270 a high-temperature Daqu sample collected from the manufacturing process of a sesame-flavoured liquor in Shandong province, China 241:368 A thermophilic bacterium, designated strain H-18(T), was isolated from a high-temperature Daqu sample collected from the manufacturing process of a sesame-flavoured liquor in Shandong province, China. 24048866 4 41 theme polyphasic 420:429 arg1 approach 431:438 a polyphasic approach 418:438 a polyphasic approach 418:438 It was investigated in a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. 24048866 10 42 theme 49.1 910:913 arg1 mol 915:917 mol 915:917 mol 915:917 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.1 mol%. 24048866 11 43 theme Laceyella 1174:1182 arg1 KCTC 1193:1196 Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790 1174:1201 Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %) 1174:1214 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 11 43 theme Laceyella 1174:1182 arg1 T 1203:1203 T 1203:1203 T 1203:1203 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 11 43 theme Laceyella 1174:1182 arg1 % 1213:1213 95.55 % 1207:1213 95.55 % 1207:1213 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 11 44 theme rRNA 925:928 arg1 comparisons 944:954 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 921:954 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 921:954 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 9 45 theme Thermoactinomyces 852:868 arg1 members 831:837 members 831:837 members of the genus Thermoactinomyces 831:868 These chemotaxonomic properties are similar to those of members of the genus Thermoactinomyces. 24048866 11 46 theme % 1061:1061 arg1 similarity 1063:1072 96.42 % similarity 1055:1072 96.42 % similarity 1055:1072 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 11 46 theme % 1061:1061 arg1 KCTC 1041:1044 Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076 1014:1049 Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity) 1014:1073 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 6 47 theme meso-diaminopimelic 655:673 arg1 acid 675:678 meso-diaminopimelic acid 655:678 meso-diaminopimelic acid 655:678 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24048866 13 48 theme name 1521:1524 arg1 sp 1550:1551 the name Thermoactinomyces daqus sp 1517:1551 the name Thermoactinomyces daqus sp 1517:1551 Based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain H-18(T) represents a novel species of the genus Thermoactinomyces, for which the name Thermoactinomyces daqus sp. 24048866 6 49 contain contained 645:653 arg1 peptidoglycan 631:643 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 617:643 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 617:643 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24048866 6 49 contain contained 645:653 arg2 acid 675:678 meso-diaminopimelic acid 655:678 meso-diaminopimelic acid 655:678 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24048866 2 50 theme liquors 161:167 arg1 production 139:148 the production 135:148 the production of Chinese liquors 135:167 Daqu is a fermentation starter used in the production of Chinese liquors. 24048866 13 51 theme Thermoactinomyces 1526:1542 arg1 sp 1550:1551 the name Thermoactinomyces daqus sp 1517:1551 the name Thermoactinomyces daqus sp 1517:1551 Based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain H-18(T) represents a novel species of the genus Thermoactinomyces, for which the name Thermoactinomyces daqus sp. 24048866 11 52 theme strain 971:976 arg1 T 983:983 T 983:983 T 983:983 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 11 52 theme strain 971:976 arg1 H-18 978:981 strain H-18 971:981 strain H-18(T) 971:984 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 13 53 theme strain 1433:1438 arg1 T 1445:1445 T 1445:1445 T 1445:1445 Based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain H-18(T) represents a novel species of the genus Thermoactinomyces, for which the name Thermoactinomyces daqus sp. 24048866 13 53 theme strain 1433:1438 arg1 H-18 1440:1443 strain H-18 1433:1443 strain H-18(T) 1433:1446 Based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain H-18(T) represents a novel species of the genus Thermoactinomyces, for which the name Thermoactinomyces daqus sp. 24048866 2 54 theme Chinese 153:159 arg1 liquors 161:167 Chinese liquors 153:167 Chinese liquors 153:167 Daqu is a fermentation starter used in the production of Chinese liquors. 24048866 13 55 theme chemotaxonomic 1344:1357 arg1 characteristics 1359:1373 morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1326:1373 morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1326:1373 Based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain H-18(T) represents a novel species of the genus Thermoactinomyces, for which the name Thermoactinomyces daqus sp. 24048866 12 56 theme above 1302:1306 arg1 strains 1308:1314 the above strains 1298:1314 the above strains 1298:1314 Strain H-18(T) showed low DNA-DNA relatedness (40.8, 33.4, 20.0 and 14.4 %) with the above strains. 24048866 13 57 theme daqus 1544:1548 arg1 sp 1550:1551 the name Thermoactinomyces daqus sp 1517:1551 the name Thermoactinomyces daqus sp 1517:1551 Based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain H-18(T) represents a novel species of the genus Thermoactinomyces, for which the name Thermoactinomyces daqus sp. 24048866 15 58 theme  = CICC 1615:1621 arg1 T 1629:1629 T 1629:1629 T 1629:1629 The type strain is H-18(T) ( = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681(T)). 24048866 15 58 theme  = CICC 1615:1621 arg1 10681 1623:1627  = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681 1600:1627  = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681(T) 1600:1630 The type strain is H-18(T) ( = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681(T)). 24048866 4 59 theme taxonomic 396:404 arg1 study 406:410 a taxonomic study 394:410 a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach 394:438 It was investigated in a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. 24048866 11 60 theme 96.42  1055:1060 arg1 similarity 1063:1072 96.42 % similarity 1055:1072 96.42 % similarity 1055:1072 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 11 60 theme 96.42  1055:1060 arg1 KCTC 1041:1044 Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076 1014:1049 Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity) 1014:1073 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 15 61 dep H-18 1591:1594 arg1 T 1629:1629 T 1629:1629 T 1629:1629 The type strain is H-18(T) ( = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681(T)). 24048866 15 61 dep H-18 1591:1594 arg1 10681 1623:1627  = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681 1600:1627  = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681(T) 1600:1630 The type strain is H-18(T) ( = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681(T)). 24048866 7 62 theme major 685:689 arg1 iso-C15  708:715 iso-C15  708:715 iso-C15  708:715 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 24048866 7 62 theme major 685:689 arg1 acids 697:701 The major fatty acids 681:701 The major fatty acids 681:701 The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. 24048866 9 63 theme chemotaxonomic 781:794 arg1 properties 796:805 These chemotaxonomic properties 775:805 These chemotaxonomic properties 775:805 These chemotaxonomic properties are similar to those of members of the genus Thermoactinomyces. 24048866 3 64 from process 305:311 arg1 China 364:368 China 364:368 China 364:368 A thermophilic bacterium, designated strain H-18(T), was isolated from a high-temperature Daqu sample collected from the manufacturing process of a sesame-flavoured liquor in Shandong province, China. 24048866 11 65 theme Thermoactinomyces 1076:1092 arg1 KCTC 1106:1109 Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646 1076:1114 Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %) 1076:1127 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 11 65 theme Thermoactinomyces 1076:1092 arg1 T 1116:1116 T 1116:1116 T 1116:1116 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 11 65 theme Thermoactinomyces 1076:1092 arg1 % 1126:1126 96.06 % 1120:1126 96.06 % 1120:1126 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 5 66 theme single 532:537 arg1 endospores 539:548 single endospores 532:548 single endospores on aerial and substrate hyphae or on unbranched short sporophores 532:614 Strain H-18(T) formed white aerial mycelium and greyish-yellow substrate mycelium, bearing single endospores on aerial and substrate hyphae or on unbranched short sporophores. 24048866 5 67 from endospores 539:548 arg1 sporophores 604:614 unbranched short sporophores 587:614 unbranched short sporophores 587:614 Strain H-18(T) formed white aerial mycelium and greyish-yellow substrate mycelium, bearing single endospores on aerial and substrate hyphae or on unbranched short sporophores. 24048866 5 67 from endospores 539:548 arg1 hyphae 574:579 aerial and substrate hyphae 553:579 hyphae 574:579 Strain H-18(T) formed white aerial mycelium and greyish-yellow substrate mycelium, bearing single endospores on aerial and substrate hyphae or on unbranched short sporophores. 24048866 3 68 attach isolated 227:234 arg2 bacterium 185:193 A thermophilic bacterium 170:193 A thermophilic bacterium 170:193 A thermophilic bacterium, designated strain H-18(T), was isolated from a high-temperature Daqu sample collected from the manufacturing process of a sesame-flavoured liquor in Shandong province, China. 24048866 3 68 attach isolated 227:234 arg1 sample 265:270 a high-temperature Daqu sample 241:270 a high-temperature Daqu sample collected from the manufacturing process of a sesame-flavoured liquor in Shandong province, China 241:368 A thermophilic bacterium, designated strain H-18(T), was isolated from a high-temperature Daqu sample collected from the manufacturing process of a sesame-flavoured liquor in Shandong province, China. 24048866 11 69 theme intermedius 1094:1104 arg1 KCTC 1106:1109 Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646 1076:1114 Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %) 1076:1127 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 11 69 theme intermedius 1094:1104 arg1 T 1116:1116 T 1116:1116 T 1116:1116 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 11 69 theme intermedius 1094:1104 arg1 % 1126:1126 96.06 % 1120:1126 96.06 % 1120:1126 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 15 70 theme type 1576:1579 arg1 H-18 1591:1594 H-18 1591:1594 H-18(T) ( = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681(T)) 1591:1631 The type strain is H-18(T) ( = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681(T)). 24048866 15 70 theme type 1576:1579 arg1 strain 1581:1586 The type strain 1572:1586 The type strain 1572:1586 The type strain is H-18(T) ( = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681(T)). 24048866 6 71 theme cell-wall 621:629 arg1 peptidoglycan 631:643 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 617:643 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 617:643 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24048866 15 72 theme T 1613:1613 arg1 T 1629:1629 T 1629:1629 T 1629:1629 The type strain is H-18(T) ( = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681(T)). 24048866 15 72 theme T 1613:1613 arg1 10681 1623:1627  = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681 1600:1627  = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681(T) 1600:1630 The type strain is H-18(T) ( = DSM 45914(T) = CICC 10681(T)). 24048866 13 73 theme novel 1461:1465 arg1 species 1467:1473 a novel species 1459:1473 a novel species 1459:1473 Based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain H-18(T) represents a novel species of the genus Thermoactinomyces, for which the name Thermoactinomyces daqus sp. 24048866 11 74 theme sacchari 1184:1191 arg1 KCTC 1193:1196 Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790 1174:1201 Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %) 1174:1214 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 11 74 theme sacchari 1184:1191 arg1 T 1203:1203 T 1203:1203 T 1203:1203 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 11 74 theme sacchari 1184:1191 arg1 % 1213:1213 95.55 % 1207:1213 95.55 % 1207:1213 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 24048866 1 75 theme thermophilic 36:47 arg1 bacterium 49:57 a thermophilic bacterium 34:57 a thermophilic bacterium 34:57 nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from high-temperature Daqu. 24048866 1 75 theme thermophilic 36:47 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from high-temperature Daqu. 24048866 5 76 theme greyish-yellow 489:502 arg1 mycelium 514:521 greyish-yellow substrate mycelium 489:521 greyish-yellow substrate mycelium 489:521 Strain H-18(T) formed white aerial mycelium and greyish-yellow substrate mycelium, bearing single endospores on aerial and substrate hyphae or on unbranched short sporophores. 24048866 8 77 theme predominant 741:751 arg1 menaquinone 753:763 The predominant menaquinone 737:763 The predominant menaquinone 737:763 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 24048866 8 77 theme predominant 741:751 arg1 MK-7 769:772 MK-7 769:772 MK-7 769:772 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 24048866 11 78 theme sequence 935:942 arg1 comparisons 944:954 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 921:954 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 921:954 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain H-18(T) was most closely related to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris KCTC 9076(T) (96.42 % similarity), Thermoactinomyces intermedius KCTC 9646(T) (96.06 %), Laceyella putida KCTC 3666(T) (96.32 %) and Laceyella sacchari KCTC 9790(T) (95.55 %). 28933325 8 0 theme polar 1020:1024 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1038:1059 diphosphatidylglycerol 1038:1059 diphosphatidylglycerol 1038:1059 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. 28933325 8 0 theme polar 1020:1024 arg1 lipids 1026:1031 The major polar lipids 1010:1031 The major polar lipids 1010:1031 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. 28933325 10 1 theme 35.8 mol 1271:1278 arg1 content 1259:1265 The DNA G+C content 1247:1265 The DNA G+C content 1247:1265 The DNA G+C content was 35.8 mol%. 28933325 10 1 theme 35.8 mol 1271:1278 arg1 % 1279:1279 35.8 mol% 1271:1279 35.8 mol% 1271:1279 The DNA G+C content was 35.8 mol%. 28933325 6 2 theme DNA-DNA 814:820 arg1 values 834:839 DNA-DNA relatedness values 814:839 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and its closest relatives 814:893 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and its closest relatives were below 70 %. 28933325 1 3 dep ant 68:70 arg1 fuliginosus 80:90 Lasius fuliginosus 73:90 Lasius fuliginosus 73:90 nov., isolated from the head of an ant (Lasius fuliginosus). 28933325 11 4 theme genus 1416:1420 arg1 Psychrobacillus 1422:1436 the genus Psychrobacillus 1412:1436 the genus Psychrobacillus 1412:1436 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain NEAU-3TGS17T was classified as representing a novel species in the genus Psychrobacillus, for which the name Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis sp. 28933325 2 5 attach isolated 208:215 arg1 head 226:229 the head 222:229 the head of an ant (Lasius fuliginosus) 222:260 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NEAU-3TGS17T, was isolated from the head of an ant (Lasius fuliginosus). 28933325 2 5 attach isolated 208:215 arg2 bacterium 161:169 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 94:169 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 94:169 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NEAU-3TGS17T, was isolated from the head of an ant (Lasius fuliginosus). 28933325 5 6 theme DSM 708:710 arg1 5T 712:713 Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T 682:713 Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T 682:713 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 6 theme DSM 708:710 arg1 names 631:635 validly published names 613:635 validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) 613:794 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 9 7 theme predominant 1197:1207 arg1 MK-8 1227:1230 MK-8 1227:1230 MK-8 1227:1230 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β with ornithine as the diamino acid and the predominant menaquinones were MK-8 and some MK-7. 28933325 9 7 theme predominant 1197:1207 arg1 menaquinones 1209:1220 the predominant menaquinones 1193:1220 the predominant menaquinones 1193:1220 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β with ornithine as the diamino acid and the predominant menaquinones were MK-8 and some MK-7. 28933325 11 8 dep Psychrobacillus 1458:1472 arg1 lasiicapitis 1474:1485 lasiicapitis 1474:1485 lasiicapitis 1474:1485 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain NEAU-3TGS17T was classified as representing a novel species in the genus Psychrobacillus, for which the name Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis sp. 28933325 4 9 theme strain 458:463 arg1 NEAU-3TGS17T 465:476 strain NEAU-3TGS17T 458:476 strain NEAU-3TGS17T 458:476 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NEAU-3TGS17T belonged to the genus Psychrobacillus. 28933325 5 10 theme Psychrobacillus 638:652 arg1 11706T 674:679 Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T 638:679 Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T 638:679 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 10 theme Psychrobacillus 638:652 arg1 names 631:635 validly published names 613:635 validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) 613:794 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 4 11 theme Phylogenetic 388:399 arg1 analysis 401:408 Phylogenetic analysis 388:408 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 388:441 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NEAU-3TGS17T belonged to the genus Psychrobacillus. 28933325 6 12 theme closest 877:883 arg1 relatives 885:893 its closest relatives 873:893 its closest relatives 873:893 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and its closest relatives were below 70 %. 28933325 11 13 from species 1401:1407 arg1 Psychrobacillus 1422:1436 the genus Psychrobacillus 1412:1436 the genus Psychrobacillus 1412:1436 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain NEAU-3TGS17T was classified as representing a novel species in the genus Psychrobacillus, for which the name Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis sp. 28933325 7 14 theme cellular 922:929 arg1 acids 937:941 The major cellular fatty acids 912:941 The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) 912:948 The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28933325 7 14 theme cellular 922:929 arg1 % 947:947 >5 % 944:947 >5 % 944:947 The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28933325 7 14 theme cellular 922:929 arg1 iso-C14  955:962 iso-C14  955:962 iso-C14  955:962 The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28933325 7 15 dep iso-C14  955:962 arg1 anteiso-C15  968:979 anteiso-C15  968:979 anteiso-C15  968:979 The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28933325 7 15 dep iso-C14  955:962 arg1  0 964:965  0 964:965  0 964:965 The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28933325 5 16 with similarities 526:537 arg1 110600T 787:793 Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T 761:793 Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T 761:793 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 16 with similarities 526:537 arg1 11713T 750:755 Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T 716:755 Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T 716:755 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 16 with similarities 526:537 arg1 5T 712:713 Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T 682:713 Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T 682:713 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 16 with similarities 526:537 arg1 11706T 674:679 Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T 638:679 Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T 638:679 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 16 with similarities 526:537 arg1 names 631:635 validly published names 613:635 validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) 613:794 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 3 17 theme optimum 292:298 arg1 0-35 °C 283:289 0-35 °C 283:289 0-35 °C (optimum 28-30 °C) 283:308 The isolate grew at 0-35 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0) and with 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 28933325 3 17 theme optimum 292:298 arg1 28-30 °C 300:307 optimum 28-30 °C 292:307 optimum 28-30 °C 292:307 The isolate grew at 0-35 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0) and with 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 28933325 5 18 theme Sequence 517:524 arg1 similarities 526:537 Sequence similarities 517:537 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) 517:794 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 19 theme DSM 746:748 arg1 11713T 750:755 Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T 716:755 Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T 716:755 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 19 theme DSM 746:748 arg1 names 631:635 validly published names 613:635 validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) 613:794 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 7 20 dep  0 964:965 arg1 iso-C15  997:1004 iso-C15  997:1004 iso-C15  997:1004 The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28933325 7 20 dep  0 964:965 arg1  0 990:991  0 990:991  0 990:991 The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28933325 7 20 dep  0 964:965 arg1 C16  985:988 C16  985:988 C16  985:988 The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28933325 7 20 dep  0 964:965 arg1  0 1006:1007  0 1006:1007  0 1006:1007 The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28933325 6 21 theme relatedness 822:832 arg1 values 834:839 DNA-DNA relatedness values 814:839 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and its closest relatives 814:893 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and its closest relatives were below 70 %. 28933325 11 22 theme Psychrobacillus 1458:1472 arg1 sp 1487:1488 the name Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis sp 1449:1488 the name Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis sp 1449:1488 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain NEAU-3TGS17T was classified as representing a novel species in the genus Psychrobacillus, for which the name Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis sp. 28933325 2 23 theme ant 237:239 arg1 head 226:229 the head 222:229 the head of an ant (Lasius fuliginosus) 222:260 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NEAU-3TGS17T, was isolated from the head of an ant (Lasius fuliginosus). 28933325 10 24 theme G+C 1255:1257 arg1 content 1259:1265 The DNA G+C content 1247:1265 The DNA G+C content 1247:1265 The DNA G+C content was 35.8 mol%. 28933325 10 24 theme G+C 1255:1257 arg1 % 1279:1279 35.8 mol% 1271:1279 35.8 mol% 1271:1279 The DNA G+C content was 35.8 mol%. 28933325 3 25 theme % 360:360 arg1 % 384:384 optimum 0 % 374:384 optimum 0 % 374:384 The isolate grew at 0-35 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0) and with 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 28933325 3 25 theme % 360:360 arg1 NaCl 368:371 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl 356:371 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %) 356:385 The isolate grew at 0-35 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0) and with 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 28933325 0 26 theme lasiicapitis 16:27 arg1 sp 29:30 Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis sp 0:30 Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis sp. 0:31 Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis sp. 28933325 2 27 theme Gram-stain-positive 102:120 arg1 bacterium 161:169 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 94:169 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 94:169 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NEAU-3TGS17T, was isolated from the head of an ant (Lasius fuliginosus). 28933325 9 28 theme cell-wall 1117:1125 arg1 A4β 1150:1152 A4β 1150:1152 A4β 1150:1152 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β with ornithine as the diamino acid and the predominant menaquinones were MK-8 and some MK-7. 28933325 9 28 theme cell-wall 1117:1125 arg1 type 1141:1144 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 1113:1144 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 1113:1144 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β with ornithine as the diamino acid and the predominant menaquinones were MK-8 and some MK-7. 28933325 1 29 theme ant 68:70 arg1 head 57:60 the head 53:60 the head of an ant (Lasius fuliginosus) 53:91 nov., isolated from the head of an ant (Lasius fuliginosus). 28933325 11 30 theme phylogenetic 1318:1329 arg1 inference 1331:1339 phylogenetic inference 1318:1339 phylogenetic inference 1318:1339 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain NEAU-3TGS17T was classified as representing a novel species in the genus Psychrobacillus, for which the name Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis sp. 28933325 0 31 theme Psychrobacillus 0:14 arg1 sp 29:30 Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis sp 0:30 Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis sp. 0:31 Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis sp. 28933325 5 32 theme strain 547:552 arg1 NEAU-3TGS17T 554:565 strain NEAU-3TGS17T 547:565 strain NEAU-3TGS17T 547:565 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 9 33 theme peptidoglycan 1127:1139 arg1 A4β 1150:1152 A4β 1150:1152 A4β 1150:1152 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β with ornithine as the diamino acid and the predominant menaquinones were MK-8 and some MK-7. 28933325 9 33 theme peptidoglycan 1127:1139 arg1 type 1141:1144 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 1113:1144 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 1113:1144 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β with ornithine as the diamino acid and the predominant menaquinones were MK-8 and some MK-7. 28933325 5 34 dep Psychrobacillus 716:730 arg1 psychrodurans 732:744 psychrodurans 732:744 psychrodurans 732:744 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 4 35 theme gene 428:431 arg1 sequences 433:441 16S rRNA gene sequences 419:441 16S rRNA gene sequences 419:441 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NEAU-3TGS17T belonged to the genus Psychrobacillus. 28933325 13 36 theme =DSM 1542:1545 arg1 NEAU-3TGS17T 1528:1539 NEAU-3TGS17T 1528:1539 NEAU-3TGS17T (=DSM 100484T=CGMCC 1.15308T) 1528:1569 The type strain is NEAU-3TGS17T (=DSM 100484T=CGMCC 1.15308T). 28933325 13 36 theme =DSM 1542:1545 arg1 1.15308T 1561:1568 =DSM 100484T=CGMCC 1.15308T 1542:1568 =DSM 100484T=CGMCC 1.15308T 1542:1568 The type strain is NEAU-3TGS17T (=DSM 100484T=CGMCC 1.15308T). 28933325 11 37 theme name 1453:1456 arg1 sp 1487:1488 the name Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis sp 1449:1488 the name Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis sp 1449:1488 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain NEAU-3TGS17T was classified as representing a novel species in the genus Psychrobacillus, for which the name Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis sp. 28933325 5 38 theme soli 777:780 arg1 110600T 787:793 Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T 761:793 Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T 761:793 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 38 theme soli 777:780 arg1 names 631:635 validly published names 613:635 validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) 613:794 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 39 theme Psychrobacillus 761:775 arg1 110600T 787:793 Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T 761:793 Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T 761:793 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 39 theme Psychrobacillus 761:775 arg1 names 631:635 validly published names 613:635 validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) 613:794 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 40 theme published 621:629 arg1 110600T 787:793 Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T 761:793 Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T 761:793 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 40 theme published 621:629 arg1 11713T 750:755 Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T 716:755 Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T 716:755 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 40 theme published 621:629 arg1 5T 712:713 Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T 682:713 Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T 682:713 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 40 theme published 621:629 arg1 11706T 674:679 Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T 638:679 Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T 638:679 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 40 theme published 621:629 arg1 names 631:635 validly published names 613:635 validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) 613:794 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 13 41 theme 100484T=CGMCC 1547:1559 arg1 NEAU-3TGS17T 1528:1539 NEAU-3TGS17T 1528:1539 NEAU-3TGS17T (=DSM 100484T=CGMCC 1.15308T) 1528:1569 The type strain is NEAU-3TGS17T (=DSM 100484T=CGMCC 1.15308T). 28933325 13 41 theme 100484T=CGMCC 1547:1559 arg1 1.15308T 1561:1568 =DSM 100484T=CGMCC 1.15308T 1542:1568 =DSM 100484T=CGMCC 1.15308T 1542:1568 The type strain is NEAU-3TGS17T (=DSM 100484T=CGMCC 1.15308T). 28933325 11 42 theme strain 1342:1347 arg1 NEAU-3TGS17T 1349:1360 strain NEAU-3TGS17T 1342:1360 strain NEAU-3TGS17T 1342:1360 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain NEAU-3TGS17T was classified as representing a novel species in the genus Psychrobacillus, for which the name Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis sp. 28933325 5 43 theme NBRC 782:785 arg1 110600T 787:793 Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T 761:793 Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T 761:793 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 43 theme NBRC 782:785 arg1 names 631:635 validly published names 613:635 validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) 613:794 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 13 44 theme type 1513:1516 arg1 NEAU-3TGS17T 1528:1539 NEAU-3TGS17T 1528:1539 NEAU-3TGS17T (=DSM 100484T=CGMCC 1.15308T) 1528:1569 The type strain is NEAU-3TGS17T (=DSM 100484T=CGMCC 1.15308T). 28933325 13 44 theme type 1513:1516 arg1 strain 1518:1523 The type strain 1509:1523 The type strain 1509:1523 The type strain is NEAU-3TGS17T (=DSM 100484T=CGMCC 1.15308T). 28933325 9 45 with A4β 1150:1152 arg1 ornithine 1159:1167 ornithine 1159:1167 ornithine 1159:1167 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β with ornithine as the diamino acid and the predominant menaquinones were MK-8 and some MK-7. 28933325 5 46 dep Psychrobacillus 682:696 arg1 insolitus 698:706 insolitus 698:706 insolitus 698:706 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 8 47 theme major 1014:1018 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1038:1059 diphosphatidylglycerol 1038:1059 diphosphatidylglycerol 1038:1059 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. 28933325 8 47 theme major 1014:1018 arg1 lipids 1026:1031 The major polar lipids 1010:1031 The major polar lipids 1010:1031 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. 28933325 10 48 theme DNA 1251:1253 arg1 content 1259:1265 The DNA G+C content 1247:1265 The DNA G+C content 1247:1265 The DNA G+C content was 35.8 mol%. 28933325 10 48 theme DNA 1251:1253 arg1 % 1279:1279 35.8 mol% 1271:1279 35.8 mol% 1271:1279 The DNA G+C content was 35.8 mol%. 28933325 3 49 theme w/v 363:365 arg1 % 384:384 optimum 0 % 374:384 optimum 0 % 374:384 The isolate grew at 0-35 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0) and with 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 28933325 3 49 theme w/v 363:365 arg1 NaCl 368:371 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl 356:371 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %) 356:385 The isolate grew at 0-35 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0) and with 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 28933325 3 50 theme optimum 327:333 arg1 pH 335:336 optimum pH 327:336 optimum pH 7.0-8.0 327:344 The isolate grew at 0-35 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0) and with 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 28933325 11 51 theme phenotypic 1298:1307 arg1 data 1309:1312 phenotypic data 1298:1312 phenotypic data 1298:1312 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain NEAU-3TGS17T was classified as representing a novel species in the genus Psychrobacillus, for which the name Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis sp. 28933325 2 52 dep Gram-stain-positive 102:120 arg1 rod-shaped 150:159 rod-shaped 150:159 rod-shaped 150:159 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NEAU-3TGS17T, was isolated from the head of an ant (Lasius fuliginosus). 28933325 2 52 dep Gram-stain-positive 102:120 arg1 endospore-forming 131:147 endospore-forming 131:147 endospore-forming 131:147 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NEAU-3TGS17T, was isolated from the head of an ant (Lasius fuliginosus). 28933325 2 52 dep Gram-stain-positive 102:120 arg1 motile 123:128 motile 123:128 motile 123:128 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NEAU-3TGS17T, was isolated from the head of an ant (Lasius fuliginosus). 28933325 5 53 dep Psychrobacillus 638:652 arg1 psychrotolerans 654:668 psychrotolerans 654:668 psychrotolerans 654:668 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 3 54 theme pH 335:336 arg1 7.0-8.0 338:344 optimum pH 7.0-8.0 327:344 optimum pH 7.0-8.0 327:344 The isolate grew at 0-35 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0) and with 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 28933325 3 54 theme pH 335:336 arg1 pH 314:315 pH 6.0-11.0 314:324 pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0) 314:345 The isolate grew at 0-35 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0) and with 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 28933325 4 55 theme rRNA 423:426 arg1 sequences 433:441 16S rRNA gene sequences 419:441 16S rRNA gene sequences 419:441 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NEAU-3TGS17T belonged to the genus Psychrobacillus. 28933325 5 56 theme genus 586:590 arg1 Psychrobacillus 592:606 the genus Psychrobacillus 582:606 the genus Psychrobacillus 582:606 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 4 57 theme 16S 419:421 arg1 sequences 433:441 16S rRNA gene sequences 419:441 16S rRNA gene sequences 419:441 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NEAU-3TGS17T belonged to the genus Psychrobacillus. 28933325 5 58 theme Psychrobacillus 592:606 arg1 members 571:577 members 571:577 members of the genus Psychrobacillus 571:606 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 58 theme Psychrobacillus 592:606 arg1 NEAU-3TGS17T 554:565 strain NEAU-3TGS17T 547:565 strain NEAU-3TGS17T 547:565 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 2 59 theme strain 183:188 arg1 NEAU-3TGS17T 190:201 strain NEAU-3TGS17T 183:201 strain NEAU-3TGS17T 183:201 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NEAU-3TGS17T, was isolated from the head of an ant (Lasius fuliginosus). 28933325 5 60 theme Psychrobacillus 682:696 arg1 5T 712:713 Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T 682:713 Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T 682:713 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 60 theme Psychrobacillus 682:696 arg1 names 631:635 validly published names 613:635 validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) 613:794 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 11 61 theme novel 1395:1399 arg1 species 1401:1407 a novel species 1393:1407 a novel species 1393:1407 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain NEAU-3TGS17T was classified as representing a novel species in the genus Psychrobacillus, for which the name Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis sp. 28933325 4 62 theme genus 494:498 arg1 Psychrobacillus 500:514 the genus Psychrobacillus 490:514 the genus Psychrobacillus 490:514 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NEAU-3TGS17T belonged to the genus Psychrobacillus. 28933325 11 63 dep data 1309:1312 arg1 the 1285:1287 the 1285:1287 the 1285:1287 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain NEAU-3TGS17T was classified as representing a novel species in the genus Psychrobacillus, for which the name Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis sp. 28933325 11 63 dep data 1309:1312 arg1 basis 1289:1293 basis 1289:1293 basis 1289:1293 On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain NEAU-3TGS17T was classified as representing a novel species in the genus Psychrobacillus, for which the name Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis sp. 28933325 9 64 theme diamino 1176:1182 arg1 acid 1184:1187 the diamino acid 1172:1187 the diamino acid 1172:1187 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β with ornithine as the diamino acid and the predominant menaquinones were MK-8 and some MK-7. 28933325 7 65 theme fatty 931:935 arg1 acids 937:941 The major cellular fatty acids 912:941 The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) 912:948 The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28933325 7 65 theme fatty 931:935 arg1 % 947:947 >5 % 944:947 >5 % 944:947 The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28933325 7 65 theme fatty 931:935 arg1 iso-C14  955:962 iso-C14  955:962 iso-C14  955:962 The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28933325 3 66 theme optimum 374:380 arg1 % 384:384 optimum 0 % 374:384 optimum 0 % 374:384 The isolate grew at 0-35 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0) and with 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 28933325 3 66 theme optimum 374:380 arg1 NaCl 368:371 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl 356:371 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %) 356:385 The isolate grew at 0-35 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0) and with 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 28933325 5 67 dep names 631:635 arg1 110600T 787:793 Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T 761:793 Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T 761:793 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 67 dep names 631:635 arg1 11713T 750:755 Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T 716:755 Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T 716:755 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 67 dep names 631:635 arg1 5T 712:713 Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T 682:713 Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T 682:713 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 67 dep names 631:635 arg1 11706T 674:679 Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T 638:679 Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T 638:679 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 67 dep names 631:635 arg1 names 631:635 validly published names 613:635 validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) 613:794 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 6 68 theme strain 849:854 arg1 NEAU-3TGS17T 856:867 strain NEAU-3TGS17T 849:867 strain NEAU-3TGS17T 849:867 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and its closest relatives were below 70 %. 28933325 5 69 theme Psychrobacillus 716:730 arg1 11713T 750:755 Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T 716:755 Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T 716:755 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 69 theme Psychrobacillus 716:730 arg1 names 631:635 validly published names 613:635 validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) 613:794 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 2 70 theme novel 96:100 arg1 bacterium 161:169 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 94:169 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 94:169 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NEAU-3TGS17T, was isolated from the head of an ant (Lasius fuliginosus). 28933325 7 71 theme major 916:920 arg1 acids 937:941 The major cellular fatty acids 912:941 The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) 912:948 The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28933325 7 71 theme major 916:920 arg1 % 947:947 >5 % 944:947 >5 % 944:947 The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28933325 7 71 theme major 916:920 arg1 iso-C14  955:962 iso-C14  955:962 iso-C14  955:962 The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28933325 2 72 dep ant 237:239 arg1 fuliginosus 249:259 Lasius fuliginosus 242:259 Lasius fuliginosus 242:259 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NEAU-3TGS17T, was isolated from the head of an ant (Lasius fuliginosus). 28933325 5 73 theme DSM 670:672 arg1 11706T 674:679 Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T 638:679 Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T 638:679 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28933325 5 73 theme DSM 670:672 arg1 names 631:635 validly published names 613:635 validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) 613:794 Sequence similarities between strain NEAU-3TGS17T and members of the genus Psychrobacillus with validly published names (Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans DSM 11706T, Psychrobacillus insolitus DSM 5T, Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713T and Psychrobacillus soli NBRC 110600T) were 98.4-99.1 %. 28895524 2 0 theme Gram-stain-positive 103:121 arg1 actinomycete 194:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete 101:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete 101:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete, designated strain BGMRC 2075T, was isolated from the leaves of Kandelia candel, and was subjected to polyphasic characterization to unravel its taxonomic position. 28895524 3 1 theme highest 508:514 arg1 similarity 539:548 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 504:548 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %) 504:680 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BGMRC 2075T belongs to the genus Nocardioides ,showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %). 28895524 14 2 theme =KCTC 1719:1723 arg1 2075T 1712:1716 BGMRC 2075T 1706:1716 BGMRC 2075T (=KCTC 39886T=DSM 104480T) 1706:1743 The type strain is BGMRC 2075T (=KCTC 39886T=DSM 104480T). 28895524 14 2 theme =KCTC 1719:1723 arg1 104480T 1736:1742 =KCTC 39886T=DSM 104480T 1719:1742 =KCTC 39886T=DSM 104480T 1719:1742 The type strain is BGMRC 2075T (=KCTC 39886T=DSM 104480T). 28895524 8 3 theme unknown 1162:1168 arg1 structure 1170:1178 unknown structure 1162:1178 unknown structure containing glucosamine 1162:1201 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unknown phospholipids, one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine, and an unknown polar lipid. 28895524 6 4 theme diamino 835:841 arg1 acid 843:846 The diagnostic diamino acid 820:846 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 820:877 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 28895524 6 4 theme diamino 835:841 arg1 acid 905:908 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 883:908 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 883:908 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 28895524 12 5 dep name 1650:1653 arg1 sp 1678:1679 Nocardioides kandeliae sp 1655:1679 the name Nocardioides kandeliae sp 1646:1679 Strain BGMRC 2075T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which we propose the name Nocardioides kandeliae sp. 28895524 2 6 theme atrichous 152:160 arg1 actinomycete 194:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete 101:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete 101:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete, designated strain BGMRC 2075T, was isolated from the leaves of Kandelia candel, and was subjected to polyphasic characterization to unravel its taxonomic position. 28895524 8 7 contain containing 1180:1189 arg2 glucosamine 1191:1201 glucosamine 1191:1201 glucosamine 1191:1201 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unknown phospholipids, one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine, and an unknown polar lipid. 28895524 8 7 contain containing 1180:1189 arg1 structure 1170:1178 unknown structure 1162:1178 unknown structure containing glucosamine 1162:1201 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unknown phospholipids, one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine, and an unknown polar lipid. 28895524 11 8 theme characterization 1397:1412 arg1 results 1356:1362 The results 1352:1362 The results of physiological and biochemical characterization 1352:1412 The results of physiological and biochemical characterization allow the phenotypic differentiation of strain BGMRC 2075T from N. aestuarii JC2056T, N. agariphilus MSL-28T and N. islandiensis MSL-26T. 28895524 2 9 theme non-spore-forming 133:149 arg1 actinomycete 194:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete 101:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete 101:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete, designated strain BGMRC 2075T, was isolated from the leaves of Kandelia candel, and was subjected to polyphasic characterization to unravel its taxonomic position. 28895524 3 10 theme sequence 530:537 arg1 similarity 539:548 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 504:548 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %) 504:680 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BGMRC 2075T belongs to the genus Nocardioides ,showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %). 28895524 12 11 theme genus 1605:1609 arg1 Nocardioides 1611:1622 the genus Nocardioides 1601:1622 the genus Nocardioides 1601:1622 Strain BGMRC 2075T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which we propose the name Nocardioides kandeliae sp. 28895524 11 12 from JC2056T 1491:1497 arg1 differentiation 1435:1449 the phenotypic differentiation 1420:1449 the phenotypic differentiation of strain BGMRC 2075T from N. aestuarii JC2056T, N. agariphilus MSL-28T and N. islandiensis MSL-26T 1420:1549 The results of physiological and biochemical characterization allow the phenotypic differentiation of strain BGMRC 2075T from N. aestuarii JC2056T, N. agariphilus MSL-28T and N. islandiensis MSL-26T. 28895524 14 13 theme BGMRC 1706:1710 arg1 strain 1696:1701 The type strain 1687:1701 The type strain 1687:1701 The type strain is BGMRC 2075T (=KCTC 39886T=DSM 104480T). 28895524 14 13 theme BGMRC 1706:1710 arg1 2075T 1712:1716 BGMRC 2075T 1706:1716 BGMRC 2075T (=KCTC 39886T=DSM 104480T) 1706:1743 The type strain is BGMRC 2075T (=KCTC 39886T=DSM 104480T). 28895524 14 13 theme BGMRC 1706:1710 arg1 104480T 1736:1742 =KCTC 39886T=DSM 104480T 1719:1742 =KCTC 39886T=DSM 104480T 1719:1742 The type strain is BGMRC 2075T (=KCTC 39886T=DSM 104480T). 28895524 8 14 theme polar 1219:1223 arg1 lipid 1225:1229 an unknown polar lipid 1208:1229 an unknown polar lipid 1208:1229 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unknown phospholipids, one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine, and an unknown polar lipid. 28895524 9 15 theme G+C 1240:1242 arg1 content 1244:1250 The DNA G+C content 1232:1250 The DNA G+C content 1232:1250 The DNA G+C content was 70.8 mol%. 28895524 9 15 theme G+C 1240:1242 arg1 % 1264:1264 70.8 mol% 1256:1264 70.8 mol% 1256:1264 The DNA G+C content was 70.8 mol%. 28895524 12 16 theme novel 1584:1588 arg1 species 1590:1596 a novel species 1582:1596 a novel species 1582:1596 Strain BGMRC 2075T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which we propose the name Nocardioides kandeliae sp. 28895524 4 17 theme cellular 699:706 arg1 iso-C16  747:754 iso-C16  747:754 iso-C16  747:754 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain BGMRC 2075T were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 28895524 4 17 theme cellular 699:706 arg1 acids 714:718 The predominant cellular fatty acids 683:718 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain BGMRC 2075T 683:740 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain BGMRC 2075T were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 28895524 2 18 theme BGMRC 226:230 arg1 2075T 232:236 strain BGMRC 2075T 219:236 strain BGMRC 2075T 219:236 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete, designated strain BGMRC 2075T, was isolated from the leaves of Kandelia candel, and was subjected to polyphasic characterization to unravel its taxonomic position. 28895524 6 19 theme cell-wall 855:863 arg1 peptidoglycan 865:877 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 851:877 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 851:877 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 28895524 12 20 theme BGMRC 1559:1563 arg1 2075T 1565:1569 Strain BGMRC 2075T 1552:1569 Strain BGMRC 2075T 1552:1569 Strain BGMRC 2075T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which we propose the name Nocardioides kandeliae sp. 28895524 7 21 theme cell-wall 927:935 arg1 sugars 937:942 The predominant cell-wall sugars 911:942 The predominant cell-wall sugars 911:942 The predominant cell-wall sugars were composed of ribose and glucose. 28895524 11 22 from MSL-26T 1543:1549 arg1 differentiation 1435:1449 the phenotypic differentiation 1420:1449 the phenotypic differentiation of strain BGMRC 2075T from N. aestuarii JC2056T, N. agariphilus MSL-28T and N. islandiensis MSL-26T 1420:1549 The results of physiological and biochemical characterization allow the phenotypic differentiation of strain BGMRC 2075T from N. aestuarii JC2056T, N. agariphilus MSL-28T and N. islandiensis MSL-26T. 28895524 8 23 theme polar 985:989 arg1 pattern 997:1003 The polar lipid pattern 981:1003 The polar lipid pattern 981:1003 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unknown phospholipids, one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine, and an unknown polar lipid. 28895524 11 24 from MSL-28T 1515:1521 arg1 differentiation 1435:1449 the phenotypic differentiation 1420:1449 the phenotypic differentiation of strain BGMRC 2075T from N. aestuarii JC2056T, N. agariphilus MSL-28T and N. islandiensis MSL-26T 1420:1549 The results of physiological and biochemical characterization allow the phenotypic differentiation of strain BGMRC 2075T from N. aestuarii JC2056T, N. agariphilus MSL-28T and N. islandiensis MSL-26T. 28895524 12 25 theme Nocardioides 1655:1666 arg1 sp 1678:1679 Nocardioides kandeliae sp 1655:1679 the name Nocardioides kandeliae sp 1646:1679 Strain BGMRC 2075T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which we propose the name Nocardioides kandeliae sp. 28895524 11 26 theme strain 1454:1459 arg1 2075T 1467:1471 strain BGMRC 2075T 1454:1471 strain BGMRC 2075T 1454:1471 The results of physiological and biochemical characterization allow the phenotypic differentiation of strain BGMRC 2075T from N. aestuarii JC2056T, N. agariphilus MSL-28T and N. islandiensis MSL-26T. 28895524 3 27 theme strain 442:447 arg1 2075T 455:459 strain BGMRC 2075T 442:459 strain BGMRC 2075T 442:459 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BGMRC 2075T belongs to the genus Nocardioides ,showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %). 28895524 4 28 theme strain 723:728 arg1 2075T 736:740 strain BGMRC 2075T 723:740 strain BGMRC 2075T 723:740 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain BGMRC 2075T were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 28895524 0 29 theme Nocardioides 0:11 arg1 sp 23:24 Nocardioides kandeliae sp 0:24 Nocardioides kandeliae sp. 0:25 Nocardioides kandeliae sp. 28895524 1 30 theme Kandelia 84:91 arg1 candel 93:98 Kandelia candel 84:98 Kandelia candel 84:98 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from leaves of Kandelia candel. 28895524 2 31 theme rod-shaped 172:181 arg1 actinomycete 194:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete 101:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete 101:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete, designated strain BGMRC 2075T, was isolated from the leaves of Kandelia candel, and was subjected to polyphasic characterization to unravel its taxonomic position. 28895524 3 32 theme Phylogenetic 372:383 arg1 analyses 385:392 Phylogenetic analyses 372:392 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 372:425 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BGMRC 2075T belongs to the genus Nocardioides ,showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %). 28895524 4 33 theme 2075T 736:740 arg1 iso-C16  747:754 iso-C16  747:754 iso-C16  747:754 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain BGMRC 2075T were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 28895524 4 33 theme 2075T 736:740 arg1 acids 714:718 The predominant cellular fatty acids 683:718 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain BGMRC 2075T 683:740 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain BGMRC 2075T were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 28895524 3 34 theme gene 525:528 arg1 similarity 539:548 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 504:548 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %) 504:680 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BGMRC 2075T belongs to the genus Nocardioides ,showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %). 28895524 3 35 theme gene 412:415 arg1 sequences 417:425 16S rRNA gene sequences 403:425 16S rRNA gene sequences 403:425 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BGMRC 2075T belongs to the genus Nocardioides ,showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %). 28895524 3 36 theme andNocardioides 636:650 arg1 MSL-26T 665:671 Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T 553:671 Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %) 553:680 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BGMRC 2075T belongs to the genus Nocardioides ,showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %). 28895524 3 36 theme andNocardioides 636:650 arg1 % 679:679 95.1 % 674:679 95.1 % 674:679 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BGMRC 2075T belongs to the genus Nocardioides ,showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %). 28895524 11 37 theme 2075T 1467:1471 arg1 differentiation 1435:1449 the phenotypic differentiation 1420:1449 the phenotypic differentiation of strain BGMRC 2075T from N. aestuarii JC2056T, N. agariphilus MSL-28T and N. islandiensis MSL-26T 1420:1549 The results of physiological and biochemical characterization allow the phenotypic differentiation of strain BGMRC 2075T from N. aestuarii JC2056T, N. agariphilus MSL-28T and N. islandiensis MSL-26T. 28895524 3 38 theme 16S 403:405 arg1 sequences 417:425 16S rRNA gene sequences 403:425 16S rRNA gene sequences 403:425 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BGMRC 2075T belongs to the genus Nocardioides ,showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %). 28895524 10 39 theme novel 1312:1316 arg1 strain 1318:1323 the novel strain 1308:1323 the novel strain 1308:1323 All these data support the allocation of the novel strain to the genus Nocardioides. 28895524 3 40 theme genus 476:480 arg1 Nocardioides 482:493 the genus Nocardioides 472:493 the genus Nocardioides 472:493 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BGMRC 2075T belongs to the genus Nocardioides ,showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %). 28895524 11 41 theme physiological 1367:1379 arg1 characterization 1397:1412 physiological and biochemical characterization 1367:1412 physiological and biochemical characterization 1367:1412 The results of physiological and biochemical characterization allow the phenotypic differentiation of strain BGMRC 2075T from N. aestuarii JC2056T, N. agariphilus MSL-28T and N. islandiensis MSL-26T. 28895524 3 42 theme 16S 516:518 arg1 similarity 539:548 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 504:548 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %) 504:680 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BGMRC 2075T belongs to the genus Nocardioides ,showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %). 28895524 1 43 theme endophytic 36:45 arg1 actinomycete 47:58 an endophytic actinomycete 33:58 an endophytic actinomycete 33:58 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from leaves of Kandelia candel. 28895524 1 43 theme endophytic 36:45 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from leaves of Kandelia candel. 28895524 10 44 theme genus 1332:1336 arg1 Nocardioides 1338:1349 the genus Nocardioides 1328:1349 the genus Nocardioides 1328:1349 All these data support the allocation of the novel strain to the genus Nocardioides. 28895524 2 45 theme taxonomic 352:360 arg1 position 362:369 its taxonomic position 348:369 its taxonomic position 348:369 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete, designated strain BGMRC 2075T, was isolated from the leaves of Kandelia candel, and was subjected to polyphasic characterization to unravel its taxonomic position. 28895524 14 46 theme 39886T=DSM 1725:1734 arg1 2075T 1712:1716 BGMRC 2075T 1706:1716 BGMRC 2075T (=KCTC 39886T=DSM 104480T) 1706:1743 The type strain is BGMRC 2075T (=KCTC 39886T=DSM 104480T). 28895524 14 46 theme 39886T=DSM 1725:1734 arg1 104480T 1736:1742 =KCTC 39886T=DSM 104480T 1719:1742 =KCTC 39886T=DSM 104480T 1719:1742 The type strain is BGMRC 2075T (=KCTC 39886T=DSM 104480T). 28895524 6 47 theme diagnostic 824:833 arg1 acid 843:846 The diagnostic diamino acid 820:846 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 820:877 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 28895524 6 47 theme diagnostic 824:833 arg1 acid 905:908 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 883:908 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 883:908 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 28895524 11 48 theme biochemical 1385:1395 arg1 characterization 1397:1412 physiological and biochemical characterization 1367:1412 physiological and biochemical characterization 1367:1412 The results of physiological and biochemical characterization allow the phenotypic differentiation of strain BGMRC 2075T from N. aestuarii JC2056T, N. agariphilus MSL-28T and N. islandiensis MSL-26T. 28895524 2 49 theme Kandelia 271:278 arg1 candel 280:285 Kandelia candel 271:285 Kandelia candel 271:285 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete, designated strain BGMRC 2075T, was isolated from the leaves of Kandelia candel, and was subjected to polyphasic characterization to unravel its taxonomic position. 28895524 8 50 theme structure 1170:1178 arg1 phospholipids 1127:1139 five unknown phospholipids 1114:1139 five unknown phospholipids 1114:1139 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unknown phospholipids, one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine, and an unknown polar lipid. 28895524 8 50 theme structure 1170:1178 arg1 phospholipid 1146:1157 one phospholipid 1142:1157 one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine 1142:1201 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unknown phospholipids, one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine, and an unknown polar lipid. 28895524 3 51 theme JC2056T 576:582 arg1 MSL-26T 665:671 Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T 553:671 Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %) 553:680 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BGMRC 2075T belongs to the genus Nocardioides ,showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %). 28895524 3 51 theme JC2056T 576:582 arg1 % 679:679 95.1 % 674:679 95.1 % 674:679 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BGMRC 2075T belongs to the genus Nocardioides ,showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %). 28895524 12 52 theme Nocardioides 1611:1622 arg1 species 1590:1596 a novel species 1582:1596 a novel species 1582:1596 Strain BGMRC 2075T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which we propose the name Nocardioides kandeliae sp. 28895524 2 53 dep the 257:259 arg1 leaves 261:266 leaves 261:266 leaves 261:266 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete, designated strain BGMRC 2075T, was isolated from the leaves of Kandelia candel, and was subjected to polyphasic characterization to unravel its taxonomic position. 28895524 9 54 theme DNA 1236:1238 arg1 content 1244:1250 The DNA G+C content 1232:1250 The DNA G+C content 1232:1250 The DNA G+C content was 70.8 mol%. 28895524 9 54 theme DNA 1236:1238 arg1 % 1264:1264 70.8 mol% 1256:1264 70.8 mol% 1256:1264 The DNA G+C content was 70.8 mol%. 28895524 5 55 theme major 788:792 arg1 MK-8 810:813 MK-8 810:813 MK-8(H4) 810:817 The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4). 28895524 5 55 theme major 788:792 arg1 menaquinone 794:804 The major menaquinone 784:804 The major menaquinone 784:804 The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4). 28895524 8 56 theme unknown 1211:1217 arg1 lipid 1225:1229 an unknown polar lipid 1208:1229 an unknown polar lipid 1208:1229 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unknown phospholipids, one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine, and an unknown polar lipid. 28895524 6 57 theme ll-2,6-diaminopimelic 883:903 arg1 acid 843:846 The diagnostic diamino acid 820:846 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 820:877 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 28895524 6 57 theme ll-2,6-diaminopimelic 883:903 arg1 acid 905:908 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 883:908 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 883:908 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 28895524 14 58 theme type 1691:1694 arg1 strain 1696:1701 The type strain 1687:1701 The type strain 1687:1701 The type strain is BGMRC 2075T (=KCTC 39886T=DSM 104480T). 28895524 14 58 theme type 1691:1694 arg1 2075T 1712:1716 BGMRC 2075T 1706:1716 BGMRC 2075T (=KCTC 39886T=DSM 104480T) 1706:1743 The type strain is BGMRC 2075T (=KCTC 39886T=DSM 104480T). 28895524 4 59 theme predominant 687:697 arg1 iso-C16  747:754 iso-C16  747:754 iso-C16  747:754 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain BGMRC 2075T were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 28895524 4 59 theme predominant 687:697 arg1 acids 714:718 The predominant cellular fatty acids 683:718 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain BGMRC 2075T 683:740 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain BGMRC 2075T were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 28895524 9 60 theme 70.8 mol 1256:1263 arg1 content 1244:1250 The DNA G+C content 1232:1250 The DNA G+C content 1232:1250 The DNA G+C content was 70.8 mol%. 28895524 9 60 theme 70.8 mol 1256:1263 arg1 % 1264:1264 70.8 mol% 1256:1264 70.8 mol% 1256:1264 The DNA G+C content was 70.8 mol%. 28895524 4 61 theme fatty 708:712 arg1 iso-C16  747:754 iso-C16  747:754 iso-C16  747:754 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain BGMRC 2075T were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 28895524 4 61 theme fatty 708:712 arg1 acids 714:718 The predominant cellular fatty acids 683:718 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain BGMRC 2075T 683:740 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain BGMRC 2075T were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 28895524 4 62 dep  0 756:757 arg1 C17  775:778 C17  775:778 C17  775:778 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain BGMRC 2075T were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 28895524 4 62 dep  0 756:757 arg1  1ω8c 765:769  1ω8c 765:769  1ω8c 765:769 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain BGMRC 2075T were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 28895524 4 62 dep  0 756:757 arg1  0 780:781  0 780:781  0 780:781 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain BGMRC 2075T were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 28895524 2 63 attach isolated 243:250 arg1 the 257:259 the 257:259 the 257:259 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete, designated strain BGMRC 2075T, was isolated from the leaves of Kandelia candel, and was subjected to polyphasic characterization to unravel its taxonomic position. 28895524 2 63 attach isolated 243:250 arg2 actinomycete 194:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete 101:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete 101:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete, designated strain BGMRC 2075T, was isolated from the leaves of Kandelia candel, and was subjected to polyphasic characterization to unravel its taxonomic position. 28895524 4 64 dep iso-C16  747:754 arg1 C17  760:763 C17  760:763 C17  760:763 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain BGMRC 2075T were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 28895524 4 64 dep iso-C16  747:754 arg1  0 756:757  0 756:757  0 756:757 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain BGMRC 2075T were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 28895524 8 65 theme lipid 991:995 arg1 pattern 997:1003 The polar lipid pattern 981:1003 The polar lipid pattern 981:1003 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unknown phospholipids, one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine, and an unknown polar lipid. 28895524 7 66 theme predominant 915:925 arg1 sugars 937:942 The predominant cell-wall sugars 911:942 The predominant cell-wall sugars 911:942 The predominant cell-wall sugars were composed of ribose and glucose. 28895524 12 67 theme Strain 1552:1557 arg1 2075T 1565:1569 Strain BGMRC 2075T 1552:1569 Strain BGMRC 2075T 1552:1569 Strain BGMRC 2075T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which we propose the name Nocardioides kandeliae sp. 28895524 11 68 theme phenotypic 1424:1433 arg1 differentiation 1435:1449 the phenotypic differentiation 1420:1449 the phenotypic differentiation of strain BGMRC 2075T from N. aestuarii JC2056T, N. agariphilus MSL-28T and N. islandiensis MSL-26T 1420:1549 The results of physiological and biochemical characterization allow the phenotypic differentiation of strain BGMRC 2075T from N. aestuarii JC2056T, N. agariphilus MSL-28T and N. islandiensis MSL-26T. 28895524 3 69 theme BGMRC 449:453 arg1 2075T 455:459 strain BGMRC 2075T 442:459 strain BGMRC 2075T 442:459 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BGMRC 2075T belongs to the genus Nocardioides ,showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %). 28895524 0 70 theme kandeliae 13:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Nocardioides kandeliae sp 0:24 Nocardioides kandeliae sp. 0:25 Nocardioides kandeliae sp. 28895524 6 71 from acid 843:846 arg1 peptidoglycan 865:877 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 851:877 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 851:877 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 28895524 12 72 theme kandeliae 1668:1676 arg1 sp 1678:1679 Nocardioides kandeliae sp 1655:1679 the name Nocardioides kandeliae sp 1646:1679 Strain BGMRC 2075T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which we propose the name Nocardioides kandeliae sp. 28895524 8 73 contain contained 1005:1013 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 1039:1058 phosphatidylglycerol 1039:1058 phosphatidylglycerol 1039:1058 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unknown phospholipids, one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine, and an unknown polar lipid. 28895524 8 73 contain contained 1005:1013 arg2 lipid 1225:1229 an unknown polar lipid 1208:1229 an unknown polar lipid 1208:1229 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unknown phospholipids, one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine, and an unknown polar lipid. 28895524 8 73 contain contained 1005:1013 arg2 phosphatidylmethylethanolamine 1061:1090 phosphatidylmethylethanolamine 1061:1090 phosphatidylmethylethanolamine 1061:1090 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unknown phospholipids, one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine, and an unknown polar lipid. 28895524 8 73 contain contained 1005:1013 arg2 phospholipids 1127:1139 five unknown phospholipids 1114:1139 five unknown phospholipids 1114:1139 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unknown phospholipids, one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine, and an unknown polar lipid. 28895524 8 73 contain contained 1005:1013 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 1015:1036 diphosphatidylglycerol 1015:1036 diphosphatidylglycerol 1015:1036 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unknown phospholipids, one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine, and an unknown polar lipid. 28895524 8 73 contain contained 1005:1013 arg2 phospholipid 1146:1157 one phospholipid 1142:1157 one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine 1142:1201 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unknown phospholipids, one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine, and an unknown polar lipid. 28895524 8 73 contain contained 1005:1013 arg2 phosphatidylcholine 1093:1111 phosphatidylcholine 1093:1111 phosphatidylcholine 1093:1111 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unknown phospholipids, one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine, and an unknown polar lipid. 28895524 8 73 contain contained 1005:1013 arg1 pattern 997:1003 The polar lipid pattern 981:1003 The polar lipid pattern 981:1003 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unknown phospholipids, one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine, and an unknown polar lipid. 28895524 2 74 theme endophytic 183:192 arg1 actinomycete 194:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete 101:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete 101:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete, designated strain BGMRC 2075T, was isolated from the leaves of Kandelia candel, and was subjected to polyphasic characterization to unravel its taxonomic position. 28895524 4 75 theme BGMRC 730:734 arg1 2075T 736:740 strain BGMRC 2075T 723:740 strain BGMRC 2075T 723:740 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain BGMRC 2075T were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 28895524 11 76 theme BGMRC 1461:1465 arg1 2075T 1467:1471 strain BGMRC 2075T 1454:1471 strain BGMRC 2075T 1454:1471 The results of physiological and biochemical characterization allow the phenotypic differentiation of strain BGMRC 2075T from N. aestuarii JC2056T, N. agariphilus MSL-28T and N. islandiensis MSL-26T. 28895524 2 77 theme short 166:170 arg1 actinomycete 194:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete 101:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete 101:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete, designated strain BGMRC 2075T, was isolated from the leaves of Kandelia candel, and was subjected to polyphasic characterization to unravel its taxonomic position. 28895524 3 78 theme rRNA 407:410 arg1 sequences 417:425 16S rRNA gene sequences 403:425 16S rRNA gene sequences 403:425 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BGMRC 2075T belongs to the genus Nocardioides ,showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %). 28895524 2 79 theme strain 219:224 arg1 2075T 232:236 strain BGMRC 2075T 219:236 strain BGMRC 2075T 219:236 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete, designated strain BGMRC 2075T, was isolated from the leaves of Kandelia candel, and was subjected to polyphasic characterization to unravel its taxonomic position. 28895524 10 80 theme strain 1318:1323 arg1 allocation 1294:1303 the allocation 1290:1303 the allocation of the novel strain to the genus Nocardioides 1290:1349 All these data support the allocation of the novel strain to the genus Nocardioides. 28895524 8 81 theme unknown 1119:1125 arg1 phospholipids 1127:1139 five unknown phospholipids 1114:1139 five unknown phospholipids 1114:1139 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unknown phospholipids, one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine, and an unknown polar lipid. 28895524 8 81 theme unknown 1119:1125 arg1 phospholipid 1146:1157 one phospholipid 1142:1157 one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine 1142:1201 The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unknown phospholipids, one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine, and an unknown polar lipid. 28895524 3 82 theme islandiensis 652:663 arg1 MSL-26T 665:671 Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T 553:671 Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %) 553:680 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BGMRC 2075T belongs to the genus Nocardioides ,showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %). 28895524 3 82 theme islandiensis 652:663 arg1 % 679:679 95.1 % 674:679 95.1 % 674:679 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BGMRC 2075T belongs to the genus Nocardioides ,showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %). 28895524 2 83 theme polyphasic 309:318 arg1 characterization 320:335 polyphasic characterization 309:335 polyphasic characterization 309:335 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete, designated strain BGMRC 2075T, was isolated from the leaves of Kandelia candel, and was subjected to polyphasic characterization to unravel its taxonomic position. 28895524 2 84 theme aerobic 124:130 arg1 actinomycete 194:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete 101:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete 101:205 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete, designated strain BGMRC 2075T, was isolated from the leaves of Kandelia candel, and was subjected to polyphasic characterization to unravel its taxonomic position. 28895524 3 85 theme rRNA 520:523 arg1 similarity 539:548 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 504:548 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %) 504:680 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BGMRC 2075T belongs to the genus Nocardioides ,showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %). 27169592 4 0 theme diffusible 506:515 arg1 pigments 517:524 no diffusible pigments 503:524 no diffusible pigments 503:524 Neither substrate nor aerial mycelia were formed, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 27169592 2 1 theme coccus-shaped 108:120 arg1 actinobacterium 141:155 A coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 106:155 A coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 106:155 A coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 4Q3S-3T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China, and tested by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 27169592 13 2 theme type 1459:1462 arg1 strain 1464:1469 The type strain 1455:1469 The type strain 1455:1469 The type strain is 4Q3S-3T (=DSM 100723T=CGMCC 4.7307T). 27169592 13 2 theme type 1459:1462 arg1 4Q3S-3T 1474:1480 4Q3S-3T 1474:1480 4Q3S-3T (=DSM 100723T=CGMCC 4.7307T) 1474:1509 The type strain is 4Q3S-3T (=DSM 100723T=CGMCC 4.7307T). 27169592 7 3 theme 4Q3S-3T 874:880 arg1 content 856:862 The DNA G+C content 844:862 The DNA G+C content of strain 4Q3S-3T 844:880 The DNA G+C content of strain 4Q3S-3T was 69.5 mol%. 27169592 7 3 theme 4Q3S-3T 874:880 arg1 % 894:894 69.5 mol% 886:894 69.5 mol% 886:894 The DNA G+C content of strain 4Q3S-3T was 69.5 mol%. 27169592 6 4 theme Phylogenetic 629:640 arg1 analysis 642:649 Phylogenetic analysis 629:649 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence 629:681 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain 4Q3S-3T belonged to the genus Friedmanniella and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniellaflava W6T (96.57 %). 27169592 2 5 theme strain 169:174 arg1 4Q3S-3T 176:182 strain 4Q3S-3T 169:182 strain 4Q3S-3T 169:182 A coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 4Q3S-3T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China, and tested by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 27169592 11 6 theme chemotaxonomic 1295:1308 arg1 data 1310:1313 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1266:1313 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1266:1313 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain 4Q3S-3T represents a novel species of the genus Friedmanniella, for which the name Friedmanniella endophytica sp. 27169592 8 7 theme predominant 984:994 arg1 MK-9 967:970 MK-9 967:970 MK-9(H4) 967:974 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. 27169592 8 7 theme predominant 984:994 arg1 menaquinone 996:1006 the predominant menaquinone 980:1006 the predominant menaquinone 980:1006 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. 27169592 6 8 theme genus 726:730 arg1 Friedmanniella 732:745 the genus Friedmanniella 722:745 the genus Friedmanniella 722:745 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain 4Q3S-3T belonged to the genus Friedmanniella and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniellaflava W6T (96.57 %). 27169592 11 9 theme endophytica 1421:1431 arg1 sp 1433:1434 the name Friedmanniella endophytica sp 1397:1434 the name Friedmanniella endophytica sp 1397:1434 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain 4Q3S-3T represents a novel species of the genus Friedmanniella, for which the name Friedmanniella endophytica sp. 27169592 9 10 theme unidentified 1104:1115 arg1 glycolipid 1117:1126 unidentified glycolipid 1104:1126 unidentified glycolipid 1104:1126 The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, unidentified glycolipid, amino lipids and two unidentified phospholipids. 27169592 13 11 theme =DSM 1483:1486 arg1 4.7307T 1502:1508 =DSM 100723T=CGMCC 4.7307T 1483:1508 =DSM 100723T=CGMCC 4.7307T 1483:1508 The type strain is 4Q3S-3T (=DSM 100723T=CGMCC 4.7307T). 27169592 13 11 theme =DSM 1483:1486 arg1 4Q3S-3T 1474:1480 4Q3S-3T 1474:1480 4Q3S-3T (=DSM 100723T=CGMCC 4.7307T) 1474:1509 The type strain is 4Q3S-3T (=DSM 100723T=CGMCC 4.7307T). 27169592 7 12 theme strain 867:872 arg1 4Q3S-3T 874:880 strain 4Q3S-3T 867:880 strain 4Q3S-3T 867:880 The DNA G+C content of strain 4Q3S-3T was 69.5 mol%. 27169592 11 13 theme Friedmanniella 1371:1384 arg1 species 1350:1356 a novel species 1342:1356 a novel species 1342:1356 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain 4Q3S-3T represents a novel species of the genus Friedmanniella, for which the name Friedmanniella endophytica sp. 27169592 2 14 theme Ecological 286:295 arg1 Zones 297:301 Cotai Ecological Zones 280:301 Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China 280:317 A coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 4Q3S-3T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China, and tested by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 27169592 7 15 theme G+C 852:854 arg1 content 856:862 The DNA G+C content 844:862 The DNA G+C content of strain 4Q3S-3T 844:880 The DNA G+C content of strain 4Q3S-3T was 69.5 mol%. 27169592 7 15 theme G+C 852:854 arg1 % 894:894 69.5 mol% 886:894 69.5 mol% 886:894 The DNA G+C content of strain 4Q3S-3T was 69.5 mol%. 27169592 0 16 theme endophytica 15:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Friedmanniella endophytica sp 0:28 Friedmanniella endophytica sp. 0:29 Friedmanniella endophytica sp. 27169592 11 17 theme strain 1316:1321 arg1 4Q3S-3T 1323:1329 strain 4Q3S-3T 1316:1329 strain 4Q3S-3T 1316:1329 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain 4Q3S-3T represents a novel species of the genus Friedmanniella, for which the name Friedmanniella endophytica sp. 27169592 10 18 theme predominant 1182:1192 arg1 acids 1200:1204 The predominant fatty acids 1178:1204 The predominant fatty acids 1178:1204 The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27169592 10 18 theme predominant 1182:1192 arg1 anteiso-C15  1211:1222 anteiso-C15  1211:1222 anteiso-C15  1211:1222 The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27169592 10 19 dep anteiso-C15  1211:1222 arg1  0 1237:1238  0 1237:1238  0 1237:1238 The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27169592 10 19 dep anteiso-C15  1211:1222 arg1 iso-C15  1244:1251 iso-C15  1244:1251 iso-C15  1244:1251 The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27169592 10 19 dep anteiso-C15  1211:1222 arg1  0 1253:1254  0 1253:1254  0 1253:1254 The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27169592 10 19 dep anteiso-C15  1211:1222 arg1  0 1224:1225  0 1224:1225  0 1224:1225 The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27169592 9 20 theme amino 1129:1133 arg1 lipids 1135:1140 amino lipids 1129:1140 amino lipids 1129:1140 The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, unidentified glycolipid, amino lipids and two unidentified phospholipids. 27169592 0 21 theme Friedmanniella 0:13 arg1 sp 27:28 Friedmanniella endophytica sp 0:28 Friedmanniella endophytica sp. 0:29 Friedmanniella endophytica sp. 27169592 1 22 attach isolated 67:74 arg2 actinobacterium 51:65 an endophytic actinobacterium 37:65 an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from bark of Kandelia candel 37:103 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from bark of Kandelia candel. 27169592 1 22 attach isolated 67:74 arg1 bark 81:84 bark 81:84 bark of Kandelia candel 81:103 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from bark of Kandelia candel. 27169592 1 23 theme Kandelia 89:96 arg1 candel 98:103 Kandelia candel 89:103 Kandelia candel 89:103 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from bark of Kandelia candel. 27169592 9 24 theme unidentified 1150:1161 arg1 phospholipids 1163:1175 two unidentified phospholipids 1146:1175 two unidentified phospholipids 1146:1175 The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, unidentified glycolipid, amino lipids and two unidentified phospholipids. 27169592 2 25 theme taxonomic 371:379 arg1 position 381:388 its taxonomic position 367:388 its taxonomic position 367:388 A coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 4Q3S-3T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China, and tested by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 27169592 11 26 theme novel 1344:1348 arg1 species 1350:1356 a novel species 1342:1356 a novel species 1342:1356 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain 4Q3S-3T represents a novel species of the genus Friedmanniella, for which the name Friedmanniella endophytica sp. 27169592 6 27 theme sequence 784:791 arg1 similarity 793:802 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 758:802 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 758:802 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain 4Q3S-3T belonged to the genus Friedmanniella and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniellaflava W6T (96.57 %). 27169592 1 28 theme candel 98:103 arg1 bark 81:84 bark 81:84 bark of Kandelia candel 81:103 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from bark of Kandelia candel. 27169592 6 29 theme strain 695:700 arg1 4Q3S-3T 702:708 strain 4Q3S-3T 695:708 strain 4Q3S-3T 695:708 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain 4Q3S-3T belonged to the genus Friedmanniella and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniellaflava W6T (96.57 %). 27169592 4 30 theme aerial 471:476 arg1 mycelia 478:484 aerial mycelia 471:484 aerial mycelia 471:484 Neither substrate nor aerial mycelia were formed, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 27169592 8 31 theme cell-wall 901:909 arg1 peptidoglycan 911:923 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 897:923 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 897:923 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. 27169592 2 32 attach isolated 189:196 arg1 bark 222:225 surface-sterilized bark 203:225 surface-sterilized bark of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China 203:317 A coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 4Q3S-3T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China, and tested by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 27169592 2 32 attach isolated 189:196 arg2 actinobacterium 141:155 A coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 106:155 A coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 106:155 A coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 4Q3S-3T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China, and tested by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 27169592 2 33 theme Kandelia 249:256 arg1 candel 258:263 the mangrove plant Kandelia candel 230:263 the mangrove plant Kandelia candel collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China 230:317 A coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 4Q3S-3T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China, and tested by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 27169592 6 34 dep shared 751:756 arg1 % 840:840 96.57 % 834:840 96.57 % 834:840 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain 4Q3S-3T belonged to the genus Friedmanniella and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniellaflava W6T (96.57 %). 27169592 13 35 theme 100723T=CGMCC 1488:1500 arg1 4.7307T 1502:1508 =DSM 100723T=CGMCC 4.7307T 1483:1508 =DSM 100723T=CGMCC 4.7307T 1483:1508 The type strain is 4Q3S-3T (=DSM 100723T=CGMCC 4.7307T). 27169592 13 35 theme 100723T=CGMCC 1488:1500 arg1 4Q3S-3T 1474:1480 4Q3S-3T 1474:1480 4Q3S-3T (=DSM 100723T=CGMCC 4.7307T) 1474:1509 The type strain is 4Q3S-3T (=DSM 100723T=CGMCC 4.7307T). 27169592 2 36 dep coccus-shaped 108:120 arg1 non-spore-forming 123:139 non-spore-forming 123:139 non-spore-forming 123:139 A coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 4Q3S-3T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China, and tested by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 27169592 2 37 theme plant 243:247 arg1 candel 258:263 the mangrove plant Kandelia candel 230:263 the mangrove plant Kandelia candel collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China 230:317 A coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 4Q3S-3T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China, and tested by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 27169592 6 38 theme gene 779:782 arg1 similarity 793:802 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 758:802 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 758:802 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain 4Q3S-3T belonged to the genus Friedmanniella and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniellaflava W6T (96.57 %). 27169592 10 39 theme fatty 1194:1198 arg1 acids 1200:1204 The predominant fatty acids 1178:1204 The predominant fatty acids 1178:1204 The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27169592 10 39 theme fatty 1194:1198 arg1 anteiso-C15  1211:1222 anteiso-C15  1211:1222 anteiso-C15  1211:1222 The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27169592 11 40 theme genus 1365:1369 arg1 Friedmanniella 1371:1384 the genus Friedmanniella 1361:1384 the genus Friedmanniella 1361:1384 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain 4Q3S-3T represents a novel species of the genus Friedmanniella, for which the name Friedmanniella endophytica sp. 27169592 7 41 theme DNA 848:850 arg1 content 856:862 The DNA G+C content 844:862 The DNA G+C content of strain 4Q3S-3T 844:880 The DNA G+C content of strain 4Q3S-3T was 69.5 mol%. 27169592 7 41 theme DNA 848:850 arg1 % 894:894 69.5 mol% 886:894 69.5 mol% 886:894 The DNA G+C content of strain 4Q3S-3T was 69.5 mol%. 27169592 2 42 theme mangrove 234:241 arg1 candel 258:263 the mangrove plant Kandelia candel 230:263 the mangrove plant Kandelia candel collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China 230:317 A coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 4Q3S-3T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China, and tested by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 27169592 6 43 theme rRNA 774:777 arg1 similarity 793:802 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 758:802 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 758:802 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain 4Q3S-3T belonged to the genus Friedmanniella and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniellaflava W6T (96.57 %). 27169592 2 44 theme polyphasic 336:345 arg1 approach 347:354 a polyphasic approach 334:354 a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position 334:388 A coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 4Q3S-3T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China, and tested by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 27169592 9 45 theme polar 1013:1017 arg1 lipids 1019:1024 The polar lipids 1009:1024 The polar lipids 1009:1024 The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, unidentified glycolipid, amino lipids and two unidentified phospholipids. 27169592 8 46 contain contained 925:933 arg2 acid 957:960 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 935:960 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 935:960 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. 27169592 8 46 contain contained 925:933 arg1 peptidoglycan 911:923 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 897:923 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 897:923 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. 27169592 11 47 theme phenotypic 1280:1289 arg1 data 1310:1313 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1266:1313 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1266:1313 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain 4Q3S-3T represents a novel species of the genus Friedmanniella, for which the name Friedmanniella endophytica sp. 27169592 6 48 theme 16S 770:772 arg1 similarity 793:802 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 758:802 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 758:802 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain 4Q3S-3T belonged to the genus Friedmanniella and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniellaflava W6T (96.57 %). 27169592 2 49 from Zones 297:301 arg1 China 313:317 China 313:317 China 313:317 A coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 4Q3S-3T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China, and tested by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 27169592 1 50 theme endophytic 40:49 arg1 actinobacterium 51:65 an endophytic actinobacterium 37:65 an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from bark of Kandelia candel 37:103 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from bark of Kandelia candel. 27169592 2 51 theme Cotai 280:284 arg1 Zones 297:301 Cotai Ecological Zones 280:301 Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China 280:317 A coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 4Q3S-3T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China, and tested by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 27169592 6 52 theme highest 762:768 arg1 similarity 793:802 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 758:802 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 758:802 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain 4Q3S-3T belonged to the genus Friedmanniella and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniellaflava W6T (96.57 %). 27169592 1 53 dep actinobacterium 51:65 arg1 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from bark of Kandelia candel. 27169592 6 54 theme gene 669:672 arg1 sequence 674:681 16S rRNA gene sequence 660:681 16S rRNA gene sequence 660:681 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain 4Q3S-3T belonged to the genus Friedmanniella and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniellaflava W6T (96.57 %). 27169592 11 55 theme phylogenetic 1266:1277 arg1 data 1310:1313 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1266:1313 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1266:1313 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain 4Q3S-3T represents a novel species of the genus Friedmanniella, for which the name Friedmanniella endophytica sp. 27169592 2 56 theme surface-sterilized 203:220 arg1 bark 222:225 surface-sterilized bark 203:225 surface-sterilized bark of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China 203:317 A coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 4Q3S-3T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China, and tested by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 27169592 8 57 theme ll-2,6-diaminopimelic 935:955 arg1 acid 957:960 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 935:960 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 935:960 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. 27169592 4 58 located observed 531:538 arg1 media 547:551 the media 543:551 the media tested 543:558 Neither substrate nor aerial mycelia were formed, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 27169592 4 58 located observed 531:538 arg2 pigments 517:524 no diffusible pigments 503:524 no diffusible pigments 503:524 Neither substrate nor aerial mycelia were formed, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 27169592 6 59 theme rRNA 664:667 arg1 sequence 674:681 16S rRNA gene sequence 660:681 16S rRNA gene sequence 660:681 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain 4Q3S-3T belonged to the genus Friedmanniella and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniellaflava W6T (96.57 %). 27169592 11 60 theme name 1401:1404 arg1 sp 1433:1434 the name Friedmanniella endophytica sp 1397:1434 the name Friedmanniella endophytica sp 1397:1434 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain 4Q3S-3T represents a novel species of the genus Friedmanniella, for which the name Friedmanniella endophytica sp. 27169592 6 61 theme 16S 660:662 arg1 rRNA 664:667 16S rRNA 660:667 16S rRNA gene sequence 660:681 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain 4Q3S-3T belonged to the genus Friedmanniella and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniellaflava W6T (96.57 %). 27169592 11 62 theme Friedmanniella 1406:1419 arg1 sp 1433:1434 the name Friedmanniella endophytica sp 1397:1434 the name Friedmanniella endophytica sp 1397:1434 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain 4Q3S-3T represents a novel species of the genus Friedmanniella, for which the name Friedmanniella endophytica sp. 27169592 2 63 theme candel 258:263 arg1 bark 222:225 surface-sterilized bark 203:225 surface-sterilized bark of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China 203:317 A coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 4Q3S-3T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China, and tested by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 27169592 7 64 theme 69.5 mol 886:893 arg1 content 856:862 The DNA G+C content 844:862 The DNA G+C content of strain 4Q3S-3T 844:880 The DNA G+C content of strain 4Q3S-3T was 69.5 mol%. 27169592 7 64 theme 69.5 mol 886:893 arg1 % 894:894 69.5 mol% 886:894 69.5 mol% 886:894 The DNA G+C content of strain 4Q3S-3T was 69.5 mol%. 27397719 0 0 theme propolis 100:107 arg1 delivery 64:71 enhanced oral delivery 50:71 enhanced oral delivery 50:71 Chitosan-based nano-in-microparticle carriers for enhanced oral delivery and anticancer activity of propolis. 27397719 0 0 theme propolis 100:107 arg1 activity 88:95 anticancer activity 77:95 anticancer activity of propolis 77:107 Chitosan-based nano-in-microparticle carriers for enhanced oral delivery and anticancer activity of propolis. 27397719 3 1 theme human 728:732 arg1 cancer 740:745 human liver cancer 728:745 human liver cancer (HepG2) 728:753 The anticancer activity of the newly developed propolis-loaded nano-in-microparticles (NIMs) was evaluated against human liver cancer (HepG2) and human colorectal cancer (HCT 116) cells. 27397719 3 1 theme human 728:732 arg1 HepG2 748:752 HepG2 748:752 HepG2 748:752 The anticancer activity of the newly developed propolis-loaded nano-in-microparticles (NIMs) was evaluated against human liver cancer (HepG2) and human colorectal cancer (HCT 116) cells. 27397719 1 2 theme oral 165:168 arg1 delivery 170:177 the oral delivery 161:177 the oral delivery of propolis 161:189 This study reports a promising approach to enhance the oral delivery of propolis, improve its aqueous solubility and bioavailability, and allow its controlled release as well as enhancing its anticancer activity. 27397719 7 3 theme cytotoxicity 1237:1248 arg1 studies 1250:1256 In-vitro cytotoxicity studies 1228:1256 In-vitro cytotoxicity studies 1228:1256 In-vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce more cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells than HCT-116 cells and mediated three-fold higher therapeutic efficiency than free propolis. 27397719 5 4 theme cell 1054:1057 arg1 death 1059:1063 apoptosis-induced cell death 1036:1063 apoptosis-induced cell death 1036:1063 The therapeutic efficiency of formulated propolis was bio-assessed via cytotoxicity measurements, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis-induced cell death and cell cycle arrest. 27397719 5 4 theme cell 1054:1057 arg1 measurements 995:1006 cytotoxicity measurements 982:1006 cytotoxicity measurements 982:1006 The therapeutic efficiency of formulated propolis was bio-assessed via cytotoxicity measurements, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis-induced cell death and cell cycle arrest. 27397719 1 5 theme controlled 258:267 arg1 release 269:275 its controlled release 254:275 its controlled release 254:275 This study reports a promising approach to enhance the oral delivery of propolis, improve its aqueous solubility and bioavailability, and allow its controlled release as well as enhancing its anticancer activity. 27397719 2 6 theme optimized 526:534 arg1 composition 536:546 optimized composition 526:546 optimized composition followed by further inclusion into chitosan (Cs) microparticles 526:610 Propolis was standardized then its solubility was improved via formulation into optimized solid dispersion (SD) matrices, and its release was controlled through incorporation into nanoparticles (NPs) of optimized composition followed by further inclusion into chitosan (Cs) microparticles. 27397719 6 7 with enhancement 1128:1138 arg1 profile 1189:1195 a controlled release profile 1168:1195 a controlled release profile in different GIT environments 1168:1225 The results demonstrated a considerable enhancement in propolis solubility with a controlled release profile in different GIT environments. 27397719 7 8 theme In-vitro 1228:1235 arg1 studies 1250:1256 In-vitro cytotoxicity studies 1228:1256 In-vitro cytotoxicity studies 1228:1256 In-vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce more cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells than HCT-116 cells and mediated three-fold higher therapeutic efficiency than free propolis. 27397719 6 9 theme propolis 1143:1150 arg1 solubility 1152:1161 propolis solubility 1143:1161 propolis solubility 1143:1161 The results demonstrated a considerable enhancement in propolis solubility with a controlled release profile in different GIT environments. 27397719 8 10 theme proliferative 1571:1583 arg1 phases 1603:1608 G2/M phases 1598:1608 G2/M phases 1598:1608 The apoptosis assay indicated that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and significantly decrease their number in the proliferative G0/G1, S and G2/M phases. 27397719 8 10 theme proliferative 1571:1583 arg1 G0/G1 1585:1589 the proliferative G0/G1 1567:1589 the proliferative G0/G1 1567:1589 The apoptosis assay indicated that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and significantly decrease their number in the proliferative G0/G1, S and G2/M phases. 27397719 8 10 theme proliferative 1571:1583 arg1 S 1592:1592 S 1592:1592 S 1592:1592 The apoptosis assay indicated that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and significantly decrease their number in the proliferative G0/G1, S and G2/M phases. 27397719 5 11 theme formulated 941:950 arg1 propolis 952:959 formulated propolis 941:959 formulated propolis 941:959 The therapeutic efficiency of formulated propolis was bio-assessed via cytotoxicity measurements, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis-induced cell death and cell cycle arrest. 27397719 2 12 theme solid 413:417 arg1 SD 431:432 SD 431:432 SD 431:432 Propolis was standardized then its solubility was improved via formulation into optimized solid dispersion (SD) matrices, and its release was controlled through incorporation into nanoparticles (NPs) of optimized composition followed by further inclusion into chitosan (Cs) microparticles. 27397719 2 12 theme solid 413:417 arg1 dispersion 419:428 solid dispersion 413:428 optimized solid dispersion (SD) matrices 403:442 Propolis was standardized then its solubility was improved via formulation into optimized solid dispersion (SD) matrices, and its release was controlled through incorporation into nanoparticles (NPs) of optimized composition followed by further inclusion into chitosan (Cs) microparticles. 27397719 3 13 theme liver 734:738 arg1 cancer 740:745 human liver cancer 728:745 human liver cancer (HepG2) 728:753 The anticancer activity of the newly developed propolis-loaded nano-in-microparticles (NIMs) was evaluated against human liver cancer (HepG2) and human colorectal cancer (HCT 116) cells. 27397719 3 13 theme liver 734:738 arg1 HepG2 748:752 HepG2 748:752 HepG2 748:752 The anticancer activity of the newly developed propolis-loaded nano-in-microparticles (NIMs) was evaluated against human liver cancer (HepG2) and human colorectal cancer (HCT 116) cells. 27397719 5 14 theme propolis 952:959 arg1 efficiency 927:936 The therapeutic efficiency 911:936 The therapeutic efficiency of formulated propolis 911:959 The therapeutic efficiency of formulated propolis was bio-assessed via cytotoxicity measurements, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis-induced cell death and cell cycle arrest. 27397719 1 15 theme propolis 182:189 arg1 delivery 170:177 the oral delivery 161:177 the oral delivery of propolis 161:189 This study reports a promising approach to enhance the oral delivery of propolis, improve its aqueous solubility and bioavailability, and allow its controlled release as well as enhancing its anticancer activity. 27397719 0 16 theme nano-in-microparticle 15:35 arg1 carriers 37:44 Chitosan-based nano-in-microparticle carriers 0:44 Chitosan-based nano-in-microparticle carriers for enhanced oral delivery and anticancer activity of propolis. 0:108 Chitosan-based nano-in-microparticle carriers for enhanced oral delivery and anticancer activity of propolis. 27397719 8 17 theme G2/M 1598:1601 arg1 phases 1603:1608 G2/M phases 1598:1608 G2/M phases 1598:1608 The apoptosis assay indicated that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and significantly decrease their number in the proliferative G0/G1, S and G2/M phases. 27397719 8 17 theme G2/M 1598:1601 arg1 G0/G1 1585:1589 the proliferative G0/G1 1567:1589 the proliferative G0/G1 1567:1589 The apoptosis assay indicated that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and significantly decrease their number in the proliferative G0/G1, S and G2/M phases. 27397719 6 18 from profile 1189:1195 arg1 environments 1214:1225 different GIT environments 1200:1225 different GIT environments 1200:1225 The results demonstrated a considerable enhancement in propolis solubility with a controlled release profile in different GIT environments. 27397719 7 19 theme HCT-116 1344:1350 arg1 cells 1352:1356 HCT-116 cells 1344:1356 HCT-116 cells 1344:1356 In-vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce more cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells than HCT-116 cells and mediated three-fold higher therapeutic efficiency than free propolis. 27397719 0 20 theme Chitosan-based 0:13 arg1 carriers 37:44 Chitosan-based nano-in-microparticle carriers 0:44 Chitosan-based nano-in-microparticle carriers for enhanced oral delivery and anticancer activity of propolis. 0:108 Chitosan-based nano-in-microparticle carriers for enhanced oral delivery and anticancer activity of propolis. 27397719 3 21 theme human 759:763 arg1 HCT 784:786 HCT 116 784:790 HCT 116 784:790 The anticancer activity of the newly developed propolis-loaded nano-in-microparticles (NIMs) was evaluated against human liver cancer (HepG2) and human colorectal cancer (HCT 116) cells. 27397719 3 21 theme human 759:763 arg1 cancer 776:781 human colorectal cancer 759:781 human colorectal cancer (HCT 116) 759:791 The anticancer activity of the newly developed propolis-loaded nano-in-microparticles (NIMs) was evaluated against human liver cancer (HepG2) and human colorectal cancer (HCT 116) cells. 27397719 7 22 from effect 1317:1322 arg1 cells 1333:1337 HepG2 cells 1327:1337 HepG2 cells 1327:1337 In-vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce more cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells than HCT-116 cells and mediated three-fold higher therapeutic efficiency than free propolis. 27397719 5 23 theme cell 1069:1072 arg1 measurements 995:1006 cytotoxicity measurements 982:1006 cytotoxicity measurements 982:1006 The therapeutic efficiency of formulated propolis was bio-assessed via cytotoxicity measurements, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis-induced cell death and cell cycle arrest. 27397719 5 23 theme cell 1069:1072 arg1 arrest 1080:1085 cell cycle arrest 1069:1085 cell cycle arrest 1069:1085 The therapeutic efficiency of formulated propolis was bio-assessed via cytotoxicity measurements, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis-induced cell death and cell cycle arrest. 27397719 8 24 from number 1557:1562 arg1 phases 1603:1608 G2/M phases 1598:1608 G2/M phases 1598:1608 The apoptosis assay indicated that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and significantly decrease their number in the proliferative G0/G1, S and G2/M phases. 27397719 8 24 from number 1557:1562 arg1 G0/G1 1585:1589 the proliferative G0/G1 1567:1589 the proliferative G0/G1 1567:1589 The apoptosis assay indicated that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and significantly decrease their number in the proliferative G0/G1, S and G2/M phases. 27397719 8 24 from number 1557:1562 arg1 S 1592:1592 S 1592:1592 S 1592:1592 The apoptosis assay indicated that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and significantly decrease their number in the proliferative G0/G1, S and G2/M phases. 27397719 3 25 theme colorectal 765:774 arg1 HCT 784:786 HCT 116 784:790 HCT 116 784:790 The anticancer activity of the newly developed propolis-loaded nano-in-microparticles (NIMs) was evaluated against human liver cancer (HepG2) and human colorectal cancer (HCT 116) cells. 27397719 3 25 theme colorectal 765:774 arg1 cancer 776:781 human colorectal cancer 759:781 human colorectal cancer (HCT 116) 759:791 The anticancer activity of the newly developed propolis-loaded nano-in-microparticles (NIMs) was evaluated against human liver cancer (HepG2) and human colorectal cancer (HCT 116) cells. 27397719 2 26 theme further 560:566 arg1 inclusion 568:576 further inclusion 560:576 further inclusion into chitosan (Cs) microparticles 560:610 Propolis was standardized then its solubility was improved via formulation into optimized solid dispersion (SD) matrices, and its release was controlled through incorporation into nanoparticles (NPs) of optimized composition followed by further inclusion into chitosan (Cs) microparticles. 27397719 7 27 theme higher 1382:1387 arg1 efficiency 1401:1410 three-fold higher therapeutic efficiency 1371:1410 three-fold higher therapeutic efficiency than free propolis 1371:1429 In-vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce more cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells than HCT-116 cells and mediated three-fold higher therapeutic efficiency than free propolis. 27397719 6 28 theme release 1181:1187 arg1 profile 1189:1195 a controlled release profile 1168:1195 a controlled release profile in different GIT environments 1168:1225 The results demonstrated a considerable enhancement in propolis solubility with a controlled release profile in different GIT environments. 27397719 3 29 theme developed 650:658 arg1 NIMs 700:703 NIMs 700:703 NIMs 700:703 The anticancer activity of the newly developed propolis-loaded nano-in-microparticles (NIMs) was evaluated against human liver cancer (HepG2) and human colorectal cancer (HCT 116) cells. 27397719 3 29 theme developed 650:658 arg1 nano-in-microparticles 676:697 the newly developed propolis-loaded nano-in-microparticles 640:697 the newly developed propolis-loaded nano-in-microparticles (NIMs) 640:704 The anticancer activity of the newly developed propolis-loaded nano-in-microparticles (NIMs) was evaluated against human liver cancer (HepG2) and human colorectal cancer (HCT 116) cells. 27397719 5 30 theme therapeutic 915:925 arg1 efficiency 927:936 The therapeutic efficiency 911:936 The therapeutic efficiency of formulated propolis 911:959 The therapeutic efficiency of formulated propolis was bio-assessed via cytotoxicity measurements, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis-induced cell death and cell cycle arrest. 27397719 1 31 theme aqueous 204:210 arg1 solubility 212:221 its aqueous solubility 200:221 its aqueous solubility 200:221 This study reports a promising approach to enhance the oral delivery of propolis, improve its aqueous solubility and bioavailability, and allow its controlled release as well as enhancing its anticancer activity. 27397719 0 32 theme oral 59:62 arg1 delivery 64:71 enhanced oral delivery 50:71 enhanced oral delivery 50:71 Chitosan-based nano-in-microparticle carriers for enhanced oral delivery and anticancer activity of propolis. 27397719 4 33 theme UV-vis 885:890 arg1 spectrophotometry 892:908 UV-vis spectrophotometry 885:908 UV-vis spectrophotometry 885:908 The prepared SDs, NPs and NIMs were characterized using SEM, TEM, DLS, FTIR, DSC and UV-vis spectrophotometry. 27397719 3 34 theme propolis-loaded 660:674 arg1 NIMs 700:703 NIMs 700:703 NIMs 700:703 The anticancer activity of the newly developed propolis-loaded nano-in-microparticles (NIMs) was evaluated against human liver cancer (HepG2) and human colorectal cancer (HCT 116) cells. 27397719 3 34 theme propolis-loaded 660:674 arg1 nano-in-microparticles 676:697 the newly developed propolis-loaded nano-in-microparticles 640:697 the newly developed propolis-loaded nano-in-microparticles (NIMs) 640:704 The anticancer activity of the newly developed propolis-loaded nano-in-microparticles (NIMs) was evaluated against human liver cancer (HepG2) and human colorectal cancer (HCT 116) cells. 27397719 8 35 theme apoptosis 1436:1444 arg1 assay 1446:1450 The apoptosis assay 1432:1450 The apoptosis assay 1432:1450 The apoptosis assay indicated that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and significantly decrease their number in the proliferative G0/G1, S and G2/M phases. 27397719 6 36 theme different 1200:1208 arg1 environments 1214:1225 different GIT environments 1200:1225 different GIT environments 1200:1225 The results demonstrated a considerable enhancement in propolis solubility with a controlled release profile in different GIT environments. 27397719 0 37 theme enhanced 50:57 arg1 delivery 64:71 enhanced oral delivery 50:71 enhanced oral delivery 50:71 Chitosan-based nano-in-microparticle carriers for enhanced oral delivery and anticancer activity of propolis. 27397719 1 38 theme anticancer 302:311 arg1 activity 313:320 its anticancer activity 298:320 its anticancer activity 298:320 This study reports a promising approach to enhance the oral delivery of propolis, improve its aqueous solubility and bioavailability, and allow its controlled release as well as enhancing its anticancer activity. 27397719 2 39 theme composition 536:546 arg1 nanoparticles 503:515 nanoparticles 503:515 nanoparticles (NPs) of optimized composition followed by further inclusion into chitosan (Cs) microparticles 503:610 Propolis was standardized then its solubility was improved via formulation into optimized solid dispersion (SD) matrices, and its release was controlled through incorporation into nanoparticles (NPs) of optimized composition followed by further inclusion into chitosan (Cs) microparticles. 27397719 2 39 theme composition 536:546 arg1 NPs 518:520 NPs 518:520 NPs 518:520 Propolis was standardized then its solubility was improved via formulation into optimized solid dispersion (SD) matrices, and its release was controlled through incorporation into nanoparticles (NPs) of optimized composition followed by further inclusion into chitosan (Cs) microparticles. 27397719 5 40 theme cycle 1074:1078 arg1 measurements 995:1006 cytotoxicity measurements 982:1006 cytotoxicity measurements 982:1006 The therapeutic efficiency of formulated propolis was bio-assessed via cytotoxicity measurements, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis-induced cell death and cell cycle arrest. 27397719 5 40 theme cycle 1074:1078 arg1 arrest 1080:1085 cell cycle arrest 1069:1085 cell cycle arrest 1069:1085 The therapeutic efficiency of formulated propolis was bio-assessed via cytotoxicity measurements, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis-induced cell death and cell cycle arrest. 27397719 4 41 theme prepared 804:811 arg1 SDs 813:815 SDs 813:815 SDs 813:815 The prepared SDs, NPs and NIMs were characterized using SEM, TEM, DLS, FTIR, DSC and UV-vis spectrophotometry. 27397719 2 42 theme dispersion 419:428 arg1 matrices 435:442 optimized solid dispersion (SD) matrices 403:442 optimized solid dispersion (SD) matrices 403:442 Propolis was standardized then its solubility was improved via formulation into optimized solid dispersion (SD) matrices, and its release was controlled through incorporation into nanoparticles (NPs) of optimized composition followed by further inclusion into chitosan (Cs) microparticles. 27397719 3 43 dep cancer 740:745 arg1 cells 793:797 cells 793:797 cells 793:797 The anticancer activity of the newly developed propolis-loaded nano-in-microparticles (NIMs) was evaluated against human liver cancer (HepG2) and human colorectal cancer (HCT 116) cells. 27397719 5 44 theme mitochondrial 1009:1021 arg1 measurements 995:1006 cytotoxicity measurements 982:1006 cytotoxicity measurements 982:1006 The therapeutic efficiency of formulated propolis was bio-assessed via cytotoxicity measurements, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis-induced cell death and cell cycle arrest. 27397719 5 44 theme mitochondrial 1009:1021 arg1 dysfunction 1023:1033 mitochondrial dysfunction 1009:1033 mitochondrial dysfunction 1009:1033 The therapeutic efficiency of formulated propolis was bio-assessed via cytotoxicity measurements, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis-induced cell death and cell cycle arrest. 27397719 7 45 theme cytotoxic 1307:1315 arg1 effect 1317:1322 more cytotoxic effect 1302:1322 more cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells than HCT-116 cells 1302:1356 In-vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce more cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells than HCT-116 cells and mediated three-fold higher therapeutic efficiency than free propolis. 27397719 2 46 theme chitosan 583:590 arg1 microparticles 597:610 chitosan (Cs) microparticles 583:610 chitosan (Cs) microparticles 583:610 Propolis was standardized then its solubility was improved via formulation into optimized solid dispersion (SD) matrices, and its release was controlled through incorporation into nanoparticles (NPs) of optimized composition followed by further inclusion into chitosan (Cs) microparticles. 27397719 7 47 theme free 1417:1420 arg1 propolis 1422:1429 free propolis 1417:1429 free propolis 1417:1429 In-vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce more cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells than HCT-116 cells and mediated three-fold higher therapeutic efficiency than free propolis. 27397719 1 48 theme promising 131:139 arg1 approach 141:148 a promising approach 129:148 a promising approach to enhance the oral delivery of propolis, improve its aqueous solubility and bioavailability, and allow its controlled release as well as enhancing its anticancer activity 129:320 This study reports a promising approach to enhance the oral delivery of propolis, improve its aqueous solubility and bioavailability, and allow its controlled release as well as enhancing its anticancer activity. 27397719 5 49 theme cytotoxicity 982:993 arg1 dysfunction 1023:1033 mitochondrial dysfunction 1009:1033 mitochondrial dysfunction 1009:1033 The therapeutic efficiency of formulated propolis was bio-assessed via cytotoxicity measurements, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis-induced cell death and cell cycle arrest. 27397719 5 49 theme cytotoxicity 982:993 arg1 death 1059:1063 apoptosis-induced cell death 1036:1063 apoptosis-induced cell death 1036:1063 The therapeutic efficiency of formulated propolis was bio-assessed via cytotoxicity measurements, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis-induced cell death and cell cycle arrest. 27397719 5 49 theme cytotoxicity 982:993 arg1 measurements 995:1006 cytotoxicity measurements 982:1006 cytotoxicity measurements 982:1006 The therapeutic efficiency of formulated propolis was bio-assessed via cytotoxicity measurements, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis-induced cell death and cell cycle arrest. 27397719 5 49 theme cytotoxicity 982:993 arg1 arrest 1080:1085 cell cycle arrest 1069:1085 cell cycle arrest 1069:1085 The therapeutic efficiency of formulated propolis was bio-assessed via cytotoxicity measurements, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis-induced cell death and cell cycle arrest. 27397719 5 50 theme apoptosis-induced 1036:1052 arg1 death 1059:1063 apoptosis-induced cell death 1036:1063 apoptosis-induced cell death 1036:1063 The therapeutic efficiency of formulated propolis was bio-assessed via cytotoxicity measurements, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis-induced cell death and cell cycle arrest. 27397719 5 50 theme apoptosis-induced 1036:1052 arg1 measurements 995:1006 cytotoxicity measurements 982:1006 cytotoxicity measurements 982:1006 The therapeutic efficiency of formulated propolis was bio-assessed via cytotoxicity measurements, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis-induced cell death and cell cycle arrest. 27397719 7 51 theme therapeutic 1389:1399 arg1 efficiency 1401:1410 three-fold higher therapeutic efficiency 1371:1410 three-fold higher therapeutic efficiency than free propolis 1371:1429 In-vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce more cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells than HCT-116 cells and mediated three-fold higher therapeutic efficiency than free propolis. 27397719 6 52 from enhancement 1128:1138 arg1 solubility 1152:1161 propolis solubility 1143:1161 propolis solubility 1143:1161 The results demonstrated a considerable enhancement in propolis solubility with a controlled release profile in different GIT environments. 27397719 6 53 theme considerable 1115:1126 arg1 enhancement 1128:1138 a considerable enhancement 1113:1138 a considerable enhancement in propolis solubility with a controlled release profile in different GIT environments 1113:1225 The results demonstrated a considerable enhancement in propolis solubility with a controlled release profile in different GIT environments. 27397719 6 54 theme controlled 1170:1179 arg1 profile 1189:1195 a controlled release profile 1168:1195 a controlled release profile in different GIT environments 1168:1225 The results demonstrated a considerable enhancement in propolis solubility with a controlled release profile in different GIT environments. 27397719 3 55 theme nano-in-microparticles 676:697 arg1 activity 628:635 The anticancer activity 613:635 The anticancer activity of the newly developed propolis-loaded nano-in-microparticles (NIMs) 613:704 The anticancer activity of the newly developed propolis-loaded nano-in-microparticles (NIMs) was evaluated against human liver cancer (HepG2) and human colorectal cancer (HCT 116) cells. 27397719 8 56 theme propolis-loaded 1471:1485 arg1 NIMs 1487:1490 the propolis-loaded NIMs 1467:1490 the propolis-loaded NIMs 1467:1490 The apoptosis assay indicated that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and significantly decrease their number in the proliferative G0/G1, S and G2/M phases. 27397719 8 57 theme cells 1518:1522 arg1 apoptosis 1499:1507 apoptosis 1499:1507 apoptosis of HepG2 cells 1499:1522 The apoptosis assay indicated that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and significantly decrease their number in the proliferative G0/G1, S and G2/M phases. 27397719 8 58 theme HepG2 1512:1516 arg1 cells 1518:1522 HepG2 cells 1512:1522 HepG2 cells 1512:1522 The apoptosis assay indicated that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and significantly decrease their number in the proliferative G0/G1, S and G2/M phases. 27397719 7 59 theme HepG2 1327:1331 arg1 cells 1333:1337 HepG2 cells 1327:1337 HepG2 cells 1327:1337 In-vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce more cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells than HCT-116 cells and mediated three-fold higher therapeutic efficiency than free propolis. 27397719 6 60 theme GIT 1210:1212 arg1 environments 1214:1225 different GIT environments 1200:1225 different GIT environments 1200:1225 The results demonstrated a considerable enhancement in propolis solubility with a controlled release profile in different GIT environments. 27397719 7 61 theme propolis-loaded 1274:1288 arg1 NIMs 1290:1293 the propolis-loaded NIMs 1270:1293 the propolis-loaded NIMs 1270:1293 In-vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that the propolis-loaded NIMs induce more cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells than HCT-116 cells and mediated three-fold higher therapeutic efficiency than free propolis. 27397719 2 62 theme optimized 403:411 arg1 matrices 435:442 optimized solid dispersion (SD) matrices 403:442 optimized solid dispersion (SD) matrices 403:442 Propolis was standardized then its solubility was improved via formulation into optimized solid dispersion (SD) matrices, and its release was controlled through incorporation into nanoparticles (NPs) of optimized composition followed by further inclusion into chitosan (Cs) microparticles. 27397719 0 63 theme anticancer 77:86 arg1 activity 88:95 anticancer activity 77:95 anticancer activity of propolis 77:107 Chitosan-based nano-in-microparticle carriers for enhanced oral delivery and anticancer activity of propolis. 27397719 3 64 theme anticancer 617:626 arg1 activity 628:635 The anticancer activity 613:635 The anticancer activity of the newly developed propolis-loaded nano-in-microparticles (NIMs) 613:704 The anticancer activity of the newly developed propolis-loaded nano-in-microparticles (NIMs) was evaluated against human liver cancer (HepG2) and human colorectal cancer (HCT 116) cells. 26908080 4 0 theme strain 447:452 arg1 CS25T 458:462 strain YIM CS25T 447:462 strain YIM CS25T 447:462 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM CS25T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (95.89 % similarity). 26908080 5 1 theme peptidoglycan 588:600 arg1 type 602:605 The peptidoglycan type 584:605 The peptidoglycan type 584:605 The peptidoglycan type contained lysine, alanine and glutamic acid. 26908080 6 2 theme whole-cell 662:671 arg1 galactose 685:693 galactose 685:693 galactose 685:693 The major whole-cell sugars were galactose, glucose and ribose. 26908080 6 2 theme whole-cell 662:671 arg1 sugars 673:678 The major whole-cell sugars 652:678 The major whole-cell sugars 652:678 The major whole-cell sugars were galactose, glucose and ribose. 26908080 10 3 theme novel 1158:1162 arg1 species 1164:1170 a novel species 1156:1170 a novel species 1156:1170 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain YIM CS25T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter deserti sp. 26908080 4 4 theme Arthrobacter 526:537 arg1 similarity 571:580 95.89 % similarity 563:580 95.89 % similarity 563:580 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM CS25T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (95.89 % similarity). 26908080 4 4 theme Arthrobacter 526:537 arg1 078085T 554:560 Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T 526:560 Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (95.89 % similarity) 526:581 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM CS25T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (95.89 % similarity). 26908080 2 5 theme rod-shaped 102:111 arg1 bacterium 153:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium 67:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium 67:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium, designated YIM CS25T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Turpan desert in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 26908080 10 6 theme deserti 1231:1237 arg1 sp 1239:1240 the name Arthrobacter deserti sp 1209:1240 the name Arthrobacter deserti sp 1209:1240 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain YIM CS25T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter deserti sp. 26908080 10 7 theme strain 1112:1117 arg1 CS25T 1123:1127 strain YIM CS25T 1112:1127 strain YIM CS25T 1112:1127 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain YIM CS25T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter deserti sp. 26908080 2 8 theme non-motile 90:99 arg1 bacterium 153:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium 67:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium 67:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium, designated YIM CS25T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Turpan desert in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 26908080 12 9 theme YIM 1280:1282 arg1 1.15091T 1314:1321  = KCTC 39544T = CGMCC 1.15091T 1291:1321  = KCTC 39544T = CGMCC 1.15091T 1291:1321 The type strain is YIM CS25T ( = KCTC 39544T = CGMCC 1.15091T). 26908080 12 9 theme YIM 1280:1282 arg1 strain 1270:1275 The type strain 1261:1275 The type strain 1261:1275 The type strain is YIM CS25T ( = KCTC 39544T = CGMCC 1.15091T). 26908080 12 9 theme YIM 1280:1282 arg1 CS25T 1284:1288 YIM CS25T 1280:1288 YIM CS25T ( = KCTC 39544T = CGMCC 1.15091T) 1280:1322 The type strain is YIM CS25T ( = KCTC 39544T = CGMCC 1.15091T). 26908080 4 10 theme JSM 550:552 arg1 similarity 571:580 95.89 % similarity 563:580 95.89 % similarity 563:580 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM CS25T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (95.89 % similarity). 26908080 4 10 theme JSM 550:552 arg1 078085T 554:560 Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T 526:560 Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (95.89 % similarity) 526:581 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM CS25T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (95.89 % similarity). 26908080 12 11 theme 39544T = CGMCC 1299:1312 arg1 1.15091T 1314:1321  = KCTC 39544T = CGMCC 1.15091T 1291:1321  = KCTC 39544T = CGMCC 1.15091T 1291:1321 The type strain is YIM CS25T ( = KCTC 39544T = CGMCC 1.15091T). 26908080 12 11 theme 39544T = CGMCC 1299:1312 arg1 CS25T 1284:1288 YIM CS25T 1280:1288 YIM CS25T ( = KCTC 39544T = CGMCC 1.15091T) 1280:1322 The type strain is YIM CS25T ( = KCTC 39544T = CGMCC 1.15091T). 26908080 3 12 dep % 363:363 arg1 w/v 366:368 w/v 366:368 w/v 366:368 The isolate grew at 15-40 °C, at pH 6.0-8.0 and with 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl. 26908080 2 13 theme Autonomous 266:275 arg1 Region 277:282 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 250:282 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 250:282 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium, designated YIM CS25T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Turpan desert in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 26908080 2 13 theme Autonomous 266:275 arg1 China 299:303 north-western China 285:303 north-western China 285:303 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium, designated YIM CS25T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Turpan desert in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 26908080 6 14 theme major 656:660 arg1 galactose 685:693 galactose 685:693 galactose 685:693 The major whole-cell sugars were galactose, glucose and ribose. 26908080 6 14 theme major 656:660 arg1 sugars 673:678 The major whole-cell sugars 652:678 The major whole-cell sugars 652:678 The major whole-cell sugars were galactose, glucose and ribose. 26908080 9 15 theme genomic 1003:1009 arg1 content 1019:1025 The genomic DNA G+C content 999:1025 The genomic DNA G+C content 999:1025 The genomic DNA G+C content was 68.3 mol%. 26908080 9 15 theme genomic 1003:1009 arg1 % 1039:1039 68.3 mol% 1031:1039 68.3 mol% 1031:1039 The genomic DNA G+C content was 68.3 mol%. 26908080 12 16 theme  = KCTC 1291:1297 arg1 1.15091T 1314:1321  = KCTC 39544T = CGMCC 1.15091T 1291:1321  = KCTC 39544T = CGMCC 1.15091T 1291:1321 The type strain is YIM CS25T ( = KCTC 39544T = CGMCC 1.15091T). 26908080 12 16 theme  = KCTC 1291:1297 arg1 CS25T 1284:1288 YIM CS25T 1280:1288 YIM CS25T ( = KCTC 39544T = CGMCC 1.15091T) 1280:1322 The type strain is YIM CS25T ( = KCTC 39544T = CGMCC 1.15091T). 26908080 2 17 theme oxidase-negative 136:151 arg1 bacterium 153:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium 67:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium 67:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium, designated YIM CS25T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Turpan desert in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 26908080 10 18 theme Arthrobacter 1185:1196 arg1 species 1164:1170 a novel species 1156:1170 a novel species 1156:1170 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain YIM CS25T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter deserti sp. 26908080 1 19 theme soil 54:57 arg1 sample 59:64 a desert soil sample 45:64 a desert soil sample 45:64 nov., isolated from a desert soil sample. 26908080 10 20 theme genus 1179:1183 arg1 Arthrobacter 1185:1196 the genus Arthrobacter 1175:1196 the genus Arthrobacter 1175:1196 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain YIM CS25T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter deserti sp. 26908080 2 21 attach isolated 190:197 arg2 bacterium 153:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium 67:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium 67:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium, designated YIM CS25T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Turpan desert in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 26908080 2 21 attach isolated 190:197 arg1 sample 211:216 a soil sample 204:216 a soil sample collected from Turpan desert in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China 204:303 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium, designated YIM CS25T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Turpan desert in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 26908080 10 22 theme YIM 1119:1121 arg1 CS25T 1123:1127 strain YIM CS25T 1112:1127 strain YIM CS25T 1112:1127 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain YIM CS25T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter deserti sp. 26908080 0 23 theme Arthrobacter 0:11 arg1 sp 21:22 Arthrobacter deserti sp 0:22 Arthrobacter deserti sp. 0:23 Arthrobacter deserti sp. 26908080 7 24 theme polar 821:825 arg1 lipids 827:832 major polar lipids 815:832 major polar lipids 815:832 The isolate contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids and MK-9 (H2) as the predominant menaquinone. 26908080 7 24 theme polar 821:825 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 787:806 phosphatidylinositol 787:806 phosphatidylinositol 787:806 The isolate contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids and MK-9 (H2) as the predominant menaquinone. 26908080 7 24 theme polar 821:825 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 762:781 phosphatidylglycerol 762:781 phosphatidylglycerol 762:781 The isolate contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids and MK-9 (H2) as the predominant menaquinone. 26908080 7 24 theme polar 821:825 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 738:759 diphosphatidylglycerol 738:759 diphosphatidylglycerol 738:759 The isolate contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids and MK-9 (H2) as the predominant menaquinone. 26908080 3 25 theme 0-6  359:362 arg1 % 363:363 % 363:363 % 363:363 The isolate grew at 15-40 °C, at pH 6.0-8.0 and with 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl. 26908080 2 26 theme catalase-positive 114:130 arg1 bacterium 153:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium 67:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium 67:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium, designated YIM CS25T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Turpan desert in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 26908080 4 27 theme gene 418:421 arg1 sequences 423:431 16S rRNA gene sequences 409:431 16S rRNA gene sequences 409:431 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM CS25T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (95.89 % similarity). 26908080 3 28 theme % 363:363 arg1 NaCl 371:374 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl 359:374 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl 359:374 The isolate grew at 15-40 °C, at pH 6.0-8.0 and with 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl. 26908080 10 29 theme Arthrobacter 1218:1229 arg1 sp 1239:1240 the name Arthrobacter deserti sp 1209:1240 the name Arthrobacter deserti sp 1209:1240 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain YIM CS25T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter deserti sp. 26908080 9 30 theme DNA 1011:1013 arg1 content 1019:1025 The genomic DNA G+C content 999:1025 The genomic DNA G+C content 999:1025 The genomic DNA G+C content was 68.3 mol%. 26908080 9 30 theme DNA 1011:1013 arg1 % 1039:1039 68.3 mol% 1031:1039 68.3 mol% 1031:1039 The genomic DNA G+C content was 68.3 mol%. 26908080 10 31 dep analysis 1102:1109 arg1 basis 1049:1053 basis 1049:1053 basis 1049:1053 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain YIM CS25T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter deserti sp. 26908080 10 31 dep analysis 1102:1109 arg1 the 1045:1047 the 1045:1047 the 1045:1047 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain YIM CS25T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter deserti sp. 26908080 2 32 theme north-western 285:297 arg1 Region 277:282 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 250:282 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 250:282 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium, designated YIM CS25T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Turpan desert in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 26908080 2 32 theme north-western 285:297 arg1 China 299:303 north-western China 285:303 north-western China 285:303 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium, designated YIM CS25T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Turpan desert in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 26908080 7 33 theme major 815:819 arg1 lipids 827:832 major polar lipids 815:832 major polar lipids 815:832 The isolate contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids and MK-9 (H2) as the predominant menaquinone. 26908080 7 33 theme major 815:819 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 787:806 phosphatidylinositol 787:806 phosphatidylinositol 787:806 The isolate contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids and MK-9 (H2) as the predominant menaquinone. 26908080 7 33 theme major 815:819 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 762:781 phosphatidylglycerol 762:781 phosphatidylglycerol 762:781 The isolate contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids and MK-9 (H2) as the predominant menaquinone. 26908080 7 33 theme major 815:819 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 738:759 diphosphatidylglycerol 738:759 diphosphatidylglycerol 738:759 The isolate contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids and MK-9 (H2) as the predominant menaquinone. 26908080 7 34 contain contained 728:736 arg1 isolate 720:726 The isolate 716:726 The isolate 716:726 The isolate contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids and MK-9 (H2) as the predominant menaquinone. 26908080 7 34 contain contained 728:736 arg2 phosphatidylinositol 787:806 phosphatidylinositol 787:806 phosphatidylinositol 787:806 The isolate contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids and MK-9 (H2) as the predominant menaquinone. 26908080 7 34 contain contained 728:736 arg2 lipids 827:832 major polar lipids 815:832 major polar lipids 815:832 The isolate contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids and MK-9 (H2) as the predominant menaquinone. 26908080 7 34 contain contained 728:736 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 762:781 phosphatidylglycerol 762:781 phosphatidylglycerol 762:781 The isolate contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids and MK-9 (H2) as the predominant menaquinone. 26908080 7 34 contain contained 728:736 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 738:759 diphosphatidylglycerol 738:759 diphosphatidylglycerol 738:759 The isolate contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids and MK-9 (H2) as the predominant menaquinone. 26908080 2 35 theme Uyghur 259:264 arg1 Region 277:282 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 250:282 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 250:282 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium, designated YIM CS25T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Turpan desert in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 26908080 2 35 theme Uyghur 259:264 arg1 China 299:303 north-western China 285:303 north-western China 285:303 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium, designated YIM CS25T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Turpan desert in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 26908080 12 36 theme type 1265:1268 arg1 strain 1270:1275 The type strain 1261:1275 The type strain 1261:1275 The type strain is YIM CS25T ( = KCTC 39544T = CGMCC 1.15091T). 26908080 12 36 theme type 1265:1268 arg1 CS25T 1284:1288 YIM CS25T 1280:1288 YIM CS25T ( = KCTC 39544T = CGMCC 1.15091T) 1280:1322 The type strain is YIM CS25T ( = KCTC 39544T = CGMCC 1.15091T). 26908080 1 37 theme desert 47:52 arg1 sample 59:64 a desert soil sample 45:64 a desert soil sample 45:64 nov., isolated from a desert soil sample. 26908080 2 38 theme YIM 175:177 arg1 CS25T 179:183 YIM CS25T 175:183 YIM CS25T 175:183 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium, designated YIM CS25T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Turpan desert in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 26908080 8 39 dep  0 929:930 arg1  0 959:960  0 959:960  0 959:960 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c. 26908080 8 39 dep  0 929:930 arg1 anteiso-C17  979:990 anteiso-C17  979:990 anteiso-C17  979:990 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c. 26908080 8 39 dep  0 929:930 arg1  1ω9c 992:996  1ω9c 992:996  1ω9c 992:996 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c. 26908080 8 39 dep  0 929:930 arg1  0 972:973  0 972:973  0 972:973 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c. 26908080 8 39 dep  0 929:930 arg1  0 942:943  0 942:943  0 942:943 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c. 26908080 10 40 theme phylogenetic 1058:1069 arg1 analysis 1102:1109 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis 1058:1109 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis 1058:1109 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain YIM CS25T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter deserti sp. 26908080 4 41 theme rRNA 413:416 arg1 sequences 423:431 16S rRNA gene sequences 409:431 16S rRNA gene sequences 409:431 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM CS25T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (95.89 % similarity). 26908080 10 42 theme phenotypic 1072:1081 arg1 analysis 1102:1109 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis 1058:1109 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis 1058:1109 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain YIM CS25T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter deserti sp. 26908080 8 43 theme major 884:888 arg1  0 929:930  0 929:930  0 929:930 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c. 26908080 8 43 theme major 884:888 arg1 anteiso-C15  916:927 anteiso-C15  916:927 anteiso-C15  916:927 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c. 26908080 8 43 theme major 884:888 arg1 acids 905:909 The major cellular fatty acids 880:909 The major cellular fatty acids 880:909 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c. 26908080 2 44 theme Gram-stain-positive 69:87 arg1 bacterium 153:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium 67:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium 67:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium, designated YIM CS25T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Turpan desert in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 26908080 4 45 theme 16S 409:411 arg1 sequences 423:431 16S rRNA gene sequences 409:431 16S rRNA gene sequences 409:431 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM CS25T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (95.89 % similarity). 26908080 2 46 theme soil 206:209 arg1 sample 211:216 a soil sample 204:216 a soil sample collected from Turpan desert in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China 204:303 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium, designated YIM CS25T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Turpan desert in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 26908080 7 47 dep lipids 827:832 arg1 the 811:813 the 811:813 the 811:813 The isolate contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids and MK-9 (H2) as the predominant menaquinone. 26908080 10 48 theme name 1213:1216 arg1 sp 1239:1240 the name Arthrobacter deserti sp 1209:1240 the name Arthrobacter deserti sp 1209:1240 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain YIM CS25T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter deserti sp. 26908080 8 49 theme fatty 899:903 arg1  0 929:930  0 929:930  0 929:930 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c. 26908080 8 49 theme fatty 899:903 arg1 anteiso-C15  916:927 anteiso-C15  916:927 anteiso-C15  916:927 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c. 26908080 8 49 theme fatty 899:903 arg1 acids 905:909 The major cellular fatty acids 880:909 The major cellular fatty acids 880:909 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c. 26908080 4 50 dep Arthrobacter 526:537 arg1 halodurans 539:548 halodurans 539:548 halodurans 539:548 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM CS25T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (95.89 % similarity). 26908080 4 51 theme genus 480:484 arg1 Arthrobacter 486:497 the genus Arthrobacter 476:497 the genus Arthrobacter 476:497 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM CS25T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (95.89 % similarity). 26908080 8 52 theme cellular 890:897 arg1  0 929:930  0 929:930  0 929:930 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c. 26908080 8 52 theme cellular 890:897 arg1 anteiso-C15  916:927 anteiso-C15  916:927 anteiso-C15  916:927 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c. 26908080 8 52 theme cellular 890:897 arg1 acids 905:909 The major cellular fatty acids 880:909 The major cellular fatty acids 880:909 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c. 26908080 8 53 dep anteiso-C15  916:927 arg1  0 929:930  0 929:930  0 929:930 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c. 26908080 8 53 dep anteiso-C15  916:927 arg1 anteiso-C15  916:927 anteiso-C15  916:927 anteiso-C15  916:927 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c. 26908080 8 53 dep anteiso-C15  916:927 arg1 acids 905:909 The major cellular fatty acids 880:909 The major cellular fatty acids 880:909 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c. 26908080 10 54 theme chemotaxonomic 1087:1100 arg1 analysis 1102:1109 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis 1058:1109 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis 1058:1109 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain YIM CS25T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter deserti sp. 26908080 5 55 theme glutamic 637:644 arg1 acid 646:649 glutamic acid 637:649 glutamic acid 637:649 The peptidoglycan type contained lysine, alanine and glutamic acid. 26908080 9 56 theme 68.3 mol 1031:1038 arg1 content 1019:1025 The genomic DNA G+C content 999:1025 The genomic DNA G+C content 999:1025 The genomic DNA G+C content was 68.3 mol%. 26908080 9 56 theme 68.3 mol 1031:1038 arg1 % 1039:1039 68.3 mol% 1031:1039 68.3 mol% 1031:1039 The genomic DNA G+C content was 68.3 mol%. 26908080 9 57 theme G+C 1015:1017 arg1 content 1019:1025 The genomic DNA G+C content 999:1025 The genomic DNA G+C content 999:1025 The genomic DNA G+C content was 68.3 mol%. 26908080 9 57 theme G+C 1015:1017 arg1 % 1039:1039 68.3 mol% 1031:1039 68.3 mol% 1031:1039 The genomic DNA G+C content was 68.3 mol%. 26908080 5 58 contain contained 607:615 arg2 lysine 617:622 lysine 617:622 lysine 617:622 The peptidoglycan type contained lysine, alanine and glutamic acid. 26908080 5 58 contain contained 607:615 arg1 type 602:605 The peptidoglycan type 584:605 The peptidoglycan type 584:605 The peptidoglycan type contained lysine, alanine and glutamic acid. 26908080 5 58 contain contained 607:615 arg2 acid 646:649 glutamic acid 637:649 glutamic acid 637:649 The peptidoglycan type contained lysine, alanine and glutamic acid. 26908080 5 58 contain contained 607:615 arg2 alanine 625:631 alanine 625:631 alanine 625:631 The peptidoglycan type contained lysine, alanine and glutamic acid. 26908080 4 59 theme phylogenetic 381:392 arg1 trees 394:398 The phylogenetic trees 377:398 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 377:431 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM CS25T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (95.89 % similarity). 26908080 2 60 theme Turpan 233:238 arg1 desert 240:245 Turpan desert 233:245 Turpan desert 233:245 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium, designated YIM CS25T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Turpan desert in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. 26908080 7 61 theme predominant 855:865 arg1 menaquinone 867:877 the predominant menaquinone 851:877 the predominant menaquinone 851:877 The isolate contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids and MK-9 (H2) as the predominant menaquinone. 26908080 4 62 theme % 569:569 arg1 similarity 571:580 95.89 % similarity 563:580 95.89 % similarity 563:580 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM CS25T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (95.89 % similarity). 26908080 4 62 theme % 569:569 arg1 078085T 554:560 Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T 526:560 Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (95.89 % similarity) 526:581 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM CS25T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (95.89 % similarity). 26908080 4 63 theme YIM 454:456 arg1 CS25T 458:462 strain YIM CS25T 447:462 strain YIM CS25T 447:462 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM CS25T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (95.89 % similarity). 26908080 0 64 theme deserti 13:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Arthrobacter deserti sp 0:22 Arthrobacter deserti sp. 0:23 Arthrobacter deserti sp. 26908080 4 65 theme 95.89  563:568 arg1 % 569:569 % 569:569 % 569:569 The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM CS25T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (95.89 % similarity). 26419406 6 0 theme fatty 774:778 arg1 anteiso-C15  791:802 anteiso-C15  791:802 anteiso-C15  791:802 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26419406 6 0 theme fatty 774:778 arg1 acids 780:784 The major fatty acids 764:784 The major fatty acids 764:784 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26419406 4 1 theme NaCl 610:613 arg1 concentrations 615:628 NaCl concentrations 610:628 NaCl concentrations of up to 6.0 % (w/v) 610:649 Growth occurred at 15-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0) and NaCl concentrations of up to 6.0 % (w/v) were tolerated (optimum 0.5 %). 26419406 3 2 theme agarexedens 446:456 arg1 KIT00200-70066-1T 498:514 Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T 478:514 Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %) 478:523 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 3 2 theme agarexedens 446:456 arg1 1327T 462:466 Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T 432:466 Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %) 432:475 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 3 2 theme agarexedens 446:456 arg1 % 474:474 94.4 % 469:474 94.4 % 469:474 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 9 3 theme Paenibacillus 1195:1207 arg1 genus 1189:1193 the genus Paenibacillus 1185:1207 the genus Paenibacillus 1185:1207 Based on its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic data, strain HZ1T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus ripae sp. 26419406 3 4 theme 16S 273:275 arg1 analysis 296:303 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 273:303 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 273:303 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 2 5 theme non-motile 95:104 arg1 bacterium 128:136 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium 60:136 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium 60:136 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain HZ1T, was isolated from a sample of bank side soil from Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, PR China. 26419406 10 6 theme HZ1T = CCTCC 1271:1282 arg1 nov 1253:1255 nov 1253:1255 nov 1253:1255 nov. (type strain HZ1T = CCTCC AB 2014276T = LMG 28639T) is proposed. 26419406 10 6 theme HZ1T = CCTCC 1271:1282 arg1 28639T 1302:1307 type strain HZ1T = CCTCC AB 2014276T = LMG 28639T 1259:1307 type strain HZ1T = CCTCC AB 2014276T = LMG 28639T 1259:1307 nov. (type strain HZ1T = CCTCC AB 2014276T = LMG 28639T) is proposed. 26419406 3 7 theme DSM 458:460 arg1 KIT00200-70066-1T 498:514 Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T 478:514 Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %) 478:523 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 3 7 theme DSM 458:460 arg1 1327T 462:466 Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T 432:466 Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %) 432:475 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 3 7 theme DSM 458:460 arg1 % 474:474 94.4 % 469:474 94.4 % 469:474 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 9 8 theme phylogenetic 1124:1135 arg1 data 1137:1140 phylogenetic data 1124:1140 phylogenetic data 1124:1140 Based on its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic data, strain HZ1T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus ripae sp. 26419406 8 9 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1035:1053 arg1 acid 989:992 The diagnostic diamino acid 966:992 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 966:1029 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26419406 8 9 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1035:1053 arg1 acid 1055:1058 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1035:1058 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1035:1058 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26419406 9 10 theme genus 1189:1193 arg1 species 1174:1180 a novel species 1166:1180 a novel species 1166:1180 Based on its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic data, strain HZ1T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus ripae sp. 26419406 10 11 theme strain 1264:1269 arg1 nov 1253:1255 nov 1253:1255 nov 1253:1255 nov. (type strain HZ1T = CCTCC AB 2014276T = LMG 28639T) is proposed. 26419406 10 11 theme strain 1264:1269 arg1 28639T 1302:1307 type strain HZ1T = CCTCC AB 2014276T = LMG 28639T 1259:1307 type strain HZ1T = CCTCC AB 2014276T = LMG 28639T 1259:1307 nov. (type strain HZ1T = CCTCC AB 2014276T = LMG 28639T) is proposed. 26419406 1 12 theme bank 44:47 arg1 soil 54:57 bank side soil 44:57 bank side soil 44:57 nov., isolated from bank side soil. 26419406 3 13 theme strain 306:311 arg1 HZ1T 313:316 strain HZ1T 306:316 strain HZ1T 306:316 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 2 14 theme strain 150:155 arg1 HZ1T 157:160 strain HZ1T 150:160 strain HZ1T 150:160 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain HZ1T, was isolated from a sample of bank side soil from Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, PR China. 26419406 2 15 theme PR 247:248 arg1 city 222:225 city 222:225 city 222:225 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain HZ1T, was isolated from a sample of bank side soil from Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, PR China. 26419406 2 15 theme PR 247:248 arg1 China 250:254 PR China 247:254 PR China 247:254 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain HZ1T, was isolated from a sample of bank side soil from Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, PR China. 26419406 10 16 theme type 1259:1262 arg1 nov 1253:1255 nov 1253:1255 nov 1253:1255 nov. (type strain HZ1T = CCTCC AB 2014276T = LMG 28639T) is proposed. 26419406 10 16 theme type 1259:1262 arg1 28639T 1302:1307 type strain HZ1T = CCTCC AB 2014276T = LMG 28639T 1259:1307 type strain HZ1T = CCTCC AB 2014276T = LMG 28639T 1259:1307 nov. (type strain HZ1T = CCTCC AB 2014276T = LMG 28639T) is proposed. 26419406 1 17 theme side 49:52 arg1 soil 54:57 bank side soil 44:57 bank side soil 44:57 nov., isolated from bank side soil. 26419406 4 18 dep 6.0  639:642 arg1 to 636:637 to 636:637 to 636:637 Growth occurred at 15-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0) and NaCl concentrations of up to 6.0 % (w/v) were tolerated (optimum 0.5 %). 26419406 3 19 theme sequence 287:294 arg1 analysis 296:303 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 273:303 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 273:303 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 9 20 theme phenotypic 1074:1083 arg1 characteristics 1104:1118 its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1070:1118 its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1070:1118 Based on its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic data, strain HZ1T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus ripae sp. 26419406 3 21 theme analysis 296:303 arg1 related 330:336 related 330:336 related 330:336 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 5 22 theme DNA 733:735 arg1 % 761:761 40.1 mol% 753:761 40.1 mol% 753:761 The dominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 40.1 mol%. 26419406 5 22 theme DNA 733:735 arg1 content 741:747 the DNA G+C content 729:747 the DNA G+C content 729:747 The dominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 40.1 mol%. 26419406 0 23 theme ripae 14:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Paenibacillus ripae sp 0:21 Paenibacillus ripae sp. 0:22 Paenibacillus ripae sp. 26419406 8 24 theme cell-wall 1007:1015 arg1 peptidoglycan 1017:1029 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1003:1029 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1003:1029 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26419406 7 25 theme unknown 950:956 arg1 lipids 958:963 several unknown lipids 942:963 several unknown lipids 942:963 The major polar lipids of strain HZ1T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unknown lipids. 26419406 9 26 theme chemotaxonomic 1089:1102 arg1 characteristics 1104:1118 its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1070:1118 its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1070:1118 Based on its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic data, strain HZ1T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus ripae sp. 26419406 4 27 theme % 643:643 arg1 concentrations 615:628 NaCl concentrations 610:628 NaCl concentrations of up to 6.0 % (w/v) 610:649 Growth occurred at 15-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0) and NaCl concentrations of up to 6.0 % (w/v) were tolerated (optimum 0.5 %). 26419406 8 28 theme diagnostic 970:979 arg1 acid 1055:1058 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1035:1058 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1035:1058 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26419406 8 28 theme diagnostic 970:979 arg1 acid 989:992 The diagnostic diamino acid 966:992 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 966:1029 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26419406 5 29 theme G+C 737:739 arg1 % 761:761 40.1 mol% 753:761 40.1 mol% 753:761 The dominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 40.1 mol%. 26419406 5 29 theme G+C 737:739 arg1 content 741:747 the DNA G+C content 729:747 the DNA G+C content 729:747 The dominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 40.1 mol%. 26419406 0 30 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 20:21 Paenibacillus ripae sp 0:21 Paenibacillus ripae sp. 0:22 Paenibacillus ripae sp. 26419406 10 31 theme 2014276T = LMG 1287:1300 arg1 nov 1253:1255 nov 1253:1255 nov 1253:1255 nov. (type strain HZ1T = CCTCC AB 2014276T = LMG 28639T) is proposed. 26419406 10 31 theme 2014276T = LMG 1287:1300 arg1 28639T 1302:1307 type strain HZ1T = CCTCC AB 2014276T = LMG 28639T 1259:1307 type strain HZ1T = CCTCC AB 2014276T = LMG 28639T 1259:1307 nov. (type strain HZ1T = CCTCC AB 2014276T = LMG 28639T) is proposed. 26419406 3 32 theme Paenibacillus 362:374 arg1 members 341:347 members 341:347 members of the genus Paenibacillus 341:374 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 5 33 theme dominant 687:694 arg1 MK-7 720:723 MK-7 720:723 MK-7 720:723 The dominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 40.1 mol%. 26419406 5 33 theme dominant 687:694 arg1 quinone 708:714 The dominant respiratory quinone 683:714 The dominant respiratory quinone 683:714 The dominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 40.1 mol%. 26419406 9 34 theme name 1224:1227 arg1 sp 1249:1250 the name Paenibacillus ripae sp 1220:1250 the name Paenibacillus ripae sp 1220:1250 Based on its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic data, strain HZ1T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus ripae sp. 26419406 10 35 theme AB 1284:1285 arg1 nov 1253:1255 nov 1253:1255 nov 1253:1255 nov. (type strain HZ1T = CCTCC AB 2014276T = LMG 28639T) is proposed. 26419406 10 35 theme AB 1284:1285 arg1 28639T 1302:1307 type strain HZ1T = CCTCC AB 2014276T = LMG 28639T 1259:1307 type strain HZ1T = CCTCC AB 2014276T = LMG 28639T 1259:1307 nov. (type strain HZ1T = CCTCC AB 2014276T = LMG 28639T) is proposed. 26419406 3 36 theme Paenibacillus 478:490 arg1 1327T 462:466 Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T 432:466 Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %) 432:475 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 3 36 theme Paenibacillus 478:490 arg1 KIT00200-70066-1T 498:514 Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T 478:514 Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %) 478:523 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 3 36 theme Paenibacillus 478:490 arg1 % 522:522 94.4 % 517:522 94.4 % 517:522 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 4 37 theme optimum 555:561 arg1 30-37 °C 563:570 optimum 30-37 °C 555:570 optimum 30-37 °C 555:570 Growth occurred at 15-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0) and NaCl concentrations of up to 6.0 % (w/v) were tolerated (optimum 0.5 %). 26419406 4 37 theme optimum 555:561 arg1 15-42 °C 545:552 15-42 °C 545:552 15-42 °C 545:552 Growth occurred at 15-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0) and NaCl concentrations of up to 6.0 % (w/v) were tolerated (optimum 0.5 %). 26419406 5 38 theme respiratory 696:706 arg1 MK-7 720:723 MK-7 720:723 MK-7 720:723 The dominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 40.1 mol%. 26419406 5 38 theme respiratory 696:706 arg1 quinone 708:714 The dominant respiratory quinone 683:714 The dominant respiratory quinone 683:714 The dominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 40.1 mol%. 26419406 9 39 theme Paenibacillus 1229:1241 arg1 sp 1249:1250 the name Paenibacillus ripae sp 1220:1250 the name Paenibacillus ripae sp 1220:1250 Based on its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic data, strain HZ1T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus ripae sp. 26419406 7 40 theme several 942:948 arg1 lipids 958:963 several unknown lipids 942:963 several unknown lipids 942:963 The major polar lipids of strain HZ1T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unknown lipids. 26419406 6 41 dep anteiso-C15  791:802 arg1 iso-C16  811:818 iso-C16  811:818 iso-C16  811:818 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26419406 6 41 dep anteiso-C15  791:802 arg1  0 804:805  0 804:805  0 804:805 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26419406 6 41 dep anteiso-C15  791:802 arg1  0 820:821  0 820:821 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 791:821 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26419406 3 42 theme sputi 492:496 arg1 1327T 462:466 Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T 432:466 Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %) 432:475 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 3 42 theme sputi 492:496 arg1 KIT00200-70066-1T 498:514 Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T 478:514 Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %) 478:523 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 3 42 theme sputi 492:496 arg1 % 522:522 94.4 % 517:522 94.4 % 517:522 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 2 43 attach isolated 167:174 arg1 city 222:225 city 222:225 city 222:225 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain HZ1T, was isolated from a sample of bank side soil from Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, PR China. 26419406 2 43 attach isolated 167:174 arg1 province 237:244 province 237:244 province 237:244 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain HZ1T, was isolated from a sample of bank side soil from Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, PR China. 26419406 2 43 attach isolated 167:174 arg1 China 250:254 PR China 247:254 PR China 247:254 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain HZ1T, was isolated from a sample of bank side soil from Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, PR China. 26419406 2 43 attach isolated 167:174 arg1 sample 183:188 a sample 181:188 a sample of bank side soil 181:206 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain HZ1T, was isolated from a sample of bank side soil from Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, PR China. 26419406 2 43 attach isolated 167:174 arg2 bacterium 128:136 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium 60:136 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium 60:136 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain HZ1T, was isolated from a sample of bank side soil from Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, PR China. 26419406 9 44 theme ripae 1243:1247 arg1 sp 1249:1250 the name Paenibacillus ripae sp 1220:1250 the name Paenibacillus ripae sp 1220:1250 Based on its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic data, strain HZ1T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus ripae sp. 26419406 2 45 theme rod-shaped 83:92 arg1 bacterium 128:136 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium 60:136 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium 60:136 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain HZ1T, was isolated from a sample of bank side soil from Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, PR China. 26419406 2 46 theme soil 203:206 arg1 sample 183:188 a sample 181:188 a sample of bank side soil 181:206 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain HZ1T, was isolated from a sample of bank side soil from Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, PR China. 26419406 7 47 theme strain 850:855 arg1 HZ1T 857:860 strain HZ1T 850:860 strain HZ1T 850:860 The major polar lipids of strain HZ1T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unknown lipids. 26419406 3 48 theme highest 389:395 arg1 levels 397:402 the highest levels 385:402 the highest levels of sequence similarity 385:425 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 8 49 theme diamino 981:987 arg1 acid 1055:1058 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1035:1058 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1035:1058 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26419406 8 49 theme diamino 981:987 arg1 acid 989:992 The diagnostic diamino acid 966:992 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 966:1029 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26419406 9 50 theme strain 1143:1148 arg1 HZ1T 1150:1153 strain HZ1T 1143:1153 strain HZ1T 1143:1153 Based on its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic data, strain HZ1T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus ripae sp. 26419406 2 51 theme side 198:201 arg1 soil 203:206 bank side soil 193:206 bank side soil 193:206 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain HZ1T, was isolated from a sample of bank side soil from Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, PR China. 26419406 7 52 theme HZ1T 857:860 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 867:888 diphosphatidylglycerol 867:888 diphosphatidylglycerol 867:888 The major polar lipids of strain HZ1T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unknown lipids. 26419406 7 52 theme HZ1T 857:860 arg1 lipids 840:845 The major polar lipids 824:845 The major polar lipids of strain HZ1T 824:860 The major polar lipids of strain HZ1T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unknown lipids. 26419406 2 53 theme Gram-stain-variable 62:80 arg1 bacterium 128:136 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium 60:136 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium 60:136 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain HZ1T, was isolated from a sample of bank side soil from Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, PR China. 26419406 3 54 dep analysis 296:303 arg1 the 260:262 the 260:262 the 260:262 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 3 54 dep analysis 296:303 arg1 basis 264:268 basis 264:268 basis 264:268 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 6 55 theme major 768:772 arg1 anteiso-C15  791:802 anteiso-C15  791:802 anteiso-C15  791:802 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26419406 6 55 theme major 768:772 arg1 acids 780:784 The major fatty acids 764:784 The major fatty acids 764:784 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26419406 2 56 theme bank 193:196 arg1 soil 203:206 bank side soil 193:206 bank side soil 193:206 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain HZ1T, was isolated from a sample of bank side soil from Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, PR China. 26419406 3 57 theme Paenibacillus 432:444 arg1 KIT00200-70066-1T 498:514 Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T 478:514 Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %) 478:523 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 3 57 theme Paenibacillus 432:444 arg1 1327T 462:466 Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T 432:466 Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %) 432:475 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 3 57 theme Paenibacillus 432:444 arg1 % 474:474 94.4 % 469:474 94.4 % 469:474 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 4 58 theme 0.5  675:678 arg1 % 679:679 optimum 0.5 % 667:679 optimum 0.5 % 667:679 Growth occurred at 15-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0) and NaCl concentrations of up to 6.0 % (w/v) were tolerated (optimum 0.5 %). 26419406 3 59 theme sequence 407:414 arg1 similarity 416:425 sequence similarity 407:425 sequence similarity 407:425 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 4 60 theme optimum 667:673 arg1 % 679:679 optimum 0.5 % 667:679 optimum 0.5 % 667:679 Growth occurred at 15-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0) and NaCl concentrations of up to 6.0 % (w/v) were tolerated (optimum 0.5 %). 26419406 7 61 theme major 828:832 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 867:888 diphosphatidylglycerol 867:888 diphosphatidylglycerol 867:888 The major polar lipids of strain HZ1T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unknown lipids. 26419406 7 61 theme major 828:832 arg1 lipids 840:845 The major polar lipids 824:845 The major polar lipids of strain HZ1T 824:860 The major polar lipids of strain HZ1T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unknown lipids. 26419406 3 62 theme similarity 416:425 arg1 levels 397:402 the highest levels 385:402 the highest levels of sequence similarity 385:425 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 3 63 theme rRNA 277:280 arg1 analysis 296:303 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 273:303 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 273:303 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 9 64 theme novel 1168:1172 arg1 species 1174:1180 a novel species 1166:1180 a novel species 1166:1180 Based on its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic data, strain HZ1T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus ripae sp. 26419406 7 65 theme polar 834:838 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 867:888 diphosphatidylglycerol 867:888 diphosphatidylglycerol 867:888 The major polar lipids of strain HZ1T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unknown lipids. 26419406 7 65 theme polar 834:838 arg1 lipids 840:845 The major polar lipids 824:845 The major polar lipids of strain HZ1T 824:860 The major polar lipids of strain HZ1T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unknown lipids. 26419406 5 66 theme 40.1 mol 753:760 arg1 % 761:761 40.1 mol% 753:761 40.1 mol% 753:761 The dominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 40.1 mol%. 26419406 5 66 theme 40.1 mol 753:760 arg1 content 741:747 the DNA G+C content 729:747 the DNA G+C content 729:747 The dominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 40.1 mol%. 26419406 8 67 located found 994:998 arg2 acid 989:992 The diagnostic diamino acid 966:992 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 966:1029 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26419406 8 67 located found 994:998 arg2 acid 1055:1058 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1035:1058 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1035:1058 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26419406 8 67 located found 994:998 arg1 peptidoglycan 1017:1029 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1003:1029 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1003:1029 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26419406 3 68 theme gene 282:285 arg1 analysis 296:303 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 273:303 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 273:303 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HZ1T was closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest levels of sequence similarity with Paenibacillus agarexedens DSM 1327T (94.4 %), Paenibacillus sputi KIT00200-70066-1T (94.4 %). 26419406 2 69 theme endospore-forming 110:126 arg1 bacterium 128:136 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium 60:136 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium 60:136 A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain HZ1T, was isolated from a sample of bank side soil from Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, PR China. 26419406 4 70 dep tolerated 656:664 arg1 % 679:679 optimum 0.5 % 667:679 optimum 0.5 % 667:679 Growth occurred at 15-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C), pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0) and NaCl concentrations of up to 6.0 % (w/v) were tolerated (optimum 0.5 %). 25740932 6 0 theme DNA-DNA 765:771 arg1 relatedness 773:783 DNA-DNA relatedness 765:783 DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC23T with the type strains of the closest species 765:844 DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC23T with the type strains of the closest species was <39 %. 25740932 6 1 theme closest 830:836 arg1 species 838:844 the closest species 826:844 the closest species 826:844 DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC23T with the type strains of the closest species was <39 %. 25740932 4 2 theme log 415:417 arg1 values 421:426 log p values 415:426 log p values 415:426 The strain grew in the presence of a wide range of organic solvents with partition coefficients (log p values) between 1 and 4, which are exceptionally toxic to micro-organisms. 25740932 4 2 theme log 415:417 arg1 coefficients 401:412 partition coefficients 391:412 partition coefficients (log p values) between 1 and 4, which are exceptionally toxic to micro-organisms 391:493 The strain grew in the presence of a wide range of organic solvents with partition coefficients (log p values) between 1 and 4, which are exceptionally toxic to micro-organisms. 25740932 7 3 from pH 928:929 arg1 growth 918:923 optimal growth 910:923 optimal growth at pH 7 (range pH 6-9) and at 35 °C (range 25-40 °C) 910:976 Strain JC23T grew chemo-organoheterotrophically with optimal growth at pH 7 (range pH 6-9) and at 35 °C (range 25-40 °C). 25740932 4 4 theme organic 369:375 arg1 solvents 377:384 organic solvents 369:384 organic solvents with partition coefficients (log p values) between 1 and 4, which are exceptionally toxic to micro-organisms 369:493 The strain grew in the presence of a wide range of organic solvents with partition coefficients (log p values) between 1 and 4, which are exceptionally toxic to micro-organisms. 25740932 10 5 theme cell-wall 1227:1235 arg1 characteristics 1237:1251 the cell-wall characteristics 1223:1251 the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus 1223:1279 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was determined to be A4α (l-Lys-d-Asp), which is in agreement with the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus. 25740932 12 6 theme unidentified 1471:1482 arg1 phospholipids 1484:1496 two unidentified phospholipids 1467:1496 two unidentified phospholipids 1467:1496 Polar lipids of strain JC23T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, β-gentiobiosyldiacylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 25740932 12 6 theme unidentified 1471:1482 arg1 glycolipids 1424:1434 two unidentified glycolipids 1407:1434 two unidentified glycolipids 1407:1434 Polar lipids of strain JC23T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, β-gentiobiosyldiacylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 25740932 9 7 theme JC23T 1049:1053 arg1 acids 1033:1037 Major cellular fatty acids 1012:1037 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC23T 1012:1053 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC23T were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25740932 5 8 theme L. 693:694 arg1 440831T 709:715 L. massiliensis 440831T 693:715 L. massiliensis 440831T (97.2 %) 693:724 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC23T was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T (98.5 % similarity), L. massiliensis 440831T (97.2 %) and L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (96.8 %). 25740932 5 8 theme L. 693:694 arg1 % 723:723 97.2 % 718:723 97.2 % 718:723 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC23T was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T (98.5 % similarity), L. massiliensis 440831T (97.2 %) and L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (96.8 %). 25740932 5 9 theme strain 538:543 arg1 JC23T 545:549 strain JC23T 538:549 strain JC23T 538:549 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC23T was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T (98.5 % similarity), L. massiliensis 440831T (97.2 %) and L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (96.8 %). 25740932 5 10 theme % 678:678 arg1 Mn1-7T 665:670 Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T 639:670 Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T (98.5 % similarity) 639:690 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC23T was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T (98.5 % similarity), L. massiliensis 440831T (97.2 %) and L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (96.8 %). 25740932 5 10 theme % 678:678 arg1 similarity 680:689 98.5 % similarity 673:689 98.5 % similarity 673:689 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC23T was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T (98.5 % similarity), L. massiliensis 440831T (97.2 %) and L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (96.8 %). 25740932 5 11 theme 16S 505:507 arg1 analysis 528:535 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 505:535 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 505:535 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC23T was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T (98.5 % similarity), L. massiliensis 440831T (97.2 %) and L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (96.8 %). 25740932 13 12 theme genus 1703:1707 arg1 Lysinibacillus 1709:1722 the genus Lysinibacillus 1699:1722 the genus Lysinibacillus 1699:1722 On the basis of our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we conclude that strain JC23T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp. 25740932 15 13 theme strain 1813:1818 arg1 strain 1803:1808 The type strain 1794:1808 The type strain 1794:1808 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 15 13 theme strain 1813:1818 arg1 JC23T 1820:1824 strain JC23T 1813:1824 strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T) 1813:1883 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 15 13 theme strain 1813:1818 arg1 23394T 1877:1882  = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T 1827:1882  = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T 1827:1882 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 5 14 theme gene 514:517 arg1 analysis 528:535 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 505:535 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 505:535 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC23T was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T (98.5 % similarity), L. massiliensis 440831T (97.2 %) and L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (96.8 %). 25740932 12 15 theme unidentified 1411:1422 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1361:1382 diphosphatidylglycerol 1361:1382 diphosphatidylglycerol 1361:1382 Polar lipids of strain JC23T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, β-gentiobiosyldiacylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 25740932 12 15 theme unidentified 1411:1422 arg1 phospholipids 1484:1496 two unidentified phospholipids 1467:1496 two unidentified phospholipids 1467:1496 Polar lipids of strain JC23T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, β-gentiobiosyldiacylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 25740932 12 15 theme unidentified 1411:1422 arg1 β-gentiobiosyldiacylglycerol 1437:1464 β-gentiobiosyldiacylglycerol 1437:1464 β-gentiobiosyldiacylglycerol 1437:1464 Polar lipids of strain JC23T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, β-gentiobiosyldiacylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 25740932 12 15 theme unidentified 1411:1422 arg1 lipids 1519:1524 two unidentified lipids 1502:1524 two unidentified lipids 1502:1524 Polar lipids of strain JC23T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, β-gentiobiosyldiacylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 25740932 12 15 theme unidentified 1411:1422 arg1 glycolipids 1424:1434 two unidentified glycolipids 1407:1434 two unidentified glycolipids 1407:1434 Polar lipids of strain JC23T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, β-gentiobiosyldiacylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 25740932 13 16 theme genetic 1577:1583 arg1 analyses 1618:1625 our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1543:1625 our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1543:1625 On the basis of our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we conclude that strain JC23T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp. 25740932 13 17 theme acetophenoni 1759:1770 arg1 sp 1772:1773 the name Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp 1735:1773 the name Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp 1735:1773 On the basis of our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we conclude that strain JC23T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp. 25740932 5 18 theme L. 730:731 arg1 2RL3-2T 747:753 L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T 730:753 L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (96.8 %) 730:762 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC23T was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T (98.5 % similarity), L. massiliensis 440831T (97.2 %) and L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (96.8 %). 25740932 5 18 theme L. 730:731 arg1 % 761:761 96.8 % 756:761 96.8 % 756:761 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC23T was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T (98.5 % similarity), L. massiliensis 440831T (97.2 %) and L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (96.8 %). 25740932 2 19 dep Gram-stain-positive 97:115 arg1 aerobic 138:144 aerobic 138:144 aerobic 138:144 A Gram-stain-positive, solvent-tolerating, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that formed terminal endospores was isolated from the organic solvent acetophenone. 25740932 2 19 dep Gram-stain-positive 97:115 arg1 solvent-tolerating 118:135 solvent-tolerating 118:135 solvent-tolerating 118:135 A Gram-stain-positive, solvent-tolerating, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that formed terminal endospores was isolated from the organic solvent acetophenone. 25740932 2 19 dep Gram-stain-positive 97:115 arg1 rod-shaped 147:156 rod-shaped 147:156 rod-shaped 147:156 A Gram-stain-positive, solvent-tolerating, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that formed terminal endospores was isolated from the organic solvent acetophenone. 25740932 13 20 theme phylogenetic 1586:1597 arg1 analyses 1618:1625 our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1543:1625 our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1543:1625 On the basis of our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we conclude that strain JC23T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp. 25740932 5 21 theme genus 586:590 arg1 Lysinibacillus 592:605 the genus Lysinibacillus 582:605 the genus Lysinibacillus 582:605 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC23T was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T (98.5 % similarity), L. massiliensis 440831T (97.2 %) and L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (96.8 %). 25740932 13 22 theme morphological 1547:1559 arg1 analyses 1618:1625 our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1543:1625 our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1543:1625 On the basis of our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we conclude that strain JC23T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp. 25740932 2 23 attach isolated 204:211 arg2 bacterium 158:166 A Gram-stain-positive, solvent-tolerating, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium 95:166 A Gram-stain-positive, solvent-tolerating, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that formed terminal endospores 95:198 A Gram-stain-positive, solvent-tolerating, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that formed terminal endospores was isolated from the organic solvent acetophenone. 25740932 2 23 attach isolated 204:211 arg1 acetophenone 238:249 the organic solvent acetophenone 218:249 the organic solvent acetophenone 218:249 A Gram-stain-positive, solvent-tolerating, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that formed terminal endospores was isolated from the organic solvent acetophenone. 25740932 5 24 dep Lysinibacillus 639:652 arg1 manganicus 654:663 manganicus 654:663 manganicus 654:663 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC23T was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T (98.5 % similarity), L. massiliensis 440831T (97.2 %) and L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (96.8 %). 25740932 13 25 theme physiological 1562:1574 arg1 analyses 1618:1625 our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1543:1625 our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1543:1625 On the basis of our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we conclude that strain JC23T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp. 25740932 13 26 theme name 1739:1742 arg1 sp 1772:1773 the name Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp 1735:1773 the name Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp 1735:1773 On the basis of our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we conclude that strain JC23T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp. 25740932 0 27 theme Lysinibacillus 0:13 arg1 acetophenoni 15:26 Lysinibacillus acetophenoni 0:26 Lysinibacillus acetophenoni 0:26 Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp. 25740932 13 28 dep analyses 1618:1625 arg1 basis 1534:1538 basis 1534:1538 basis 1534:1538 On the basis of our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we conclude that strain JC23T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp. 25740932 13 28 dep analyses 1618:1625 arg1 the 1530:1532 the 1530:1532 the 1530:1532 On the basis of our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we conclude that strain JC23T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp. 25740932 15 29 theme NBRC 1858:1861 arg1 JC23T 1820:1824 strain JC23T 1813:1824 strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T) 1813:1883 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 15 29 theme NBRC 1858:1861 arg1 23394T 1877:1882  = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T 1827:1882  = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T 1827:1882 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 4 30 dep range 360:364 arg1 presence 341:348 presence 341:348 presence 341:348 The strain grew in the presence of a wide range of organic solvents with partition coefficients (log p values) between 1 and 4, which are exceptionally toxic to micro-organisms. 25740932 4 30 dep range 360:364 arg1 the 337:339 the 337:339 the 337:339 The strain grew in the presence of a wide range of organic solvents with partition coefficients (log p values) between 1 and 4, which are exceptionally toxic to micro-organisms. 25740932 5 31 theme rRNA 509:512 arg1 analysis 528:535 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 505:535 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 505:535 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC23T was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T (98.5 % similarity), L. massiliensis 440831T (97.2 %) and L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (96.8 %). 25740932 10 32 theme peptidoglycan 1137:1149 arg1 A4α 1177:1179 A4α 1177:1179 A4α (l-Lys-d-Asp) 1177:1193 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was determined to be A4α (l-Lys-d-Asp), which is in agreement with the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus. 25740932 10 32 theme peptidoglycan 1137:1149 arg1 type 1151:1154 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 1123:1154 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 1123:1154 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was determined to be A4α (l-Lys-d-Asp), which is in agreement with the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus. 25740932 6 33 with relatedness 773:783 arg1 strains 815:821 the type strains 806:821 the type strains of the closest species 806:844 DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC23T with the type strains of the closest species was <39 %. 25740932 15 34 theme 13605T 1849:1854 arg1 JC23T 1820:1824 strain JC23T 1813:1824 strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T) 1813:1883 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 15 34 theme 13605T 1849:1854 arg1 23394T 1877:1882  = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T 1827:1882  = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T 1827:1882 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 11 35 theme predominant 1286:1296 arg1 MK-7 1317:1320 MK-7 1317:1320 MK-7 1317:1320 The predominant quinone system was MK-7. 25740932 11 35 theme predominant 1286:1296 arg1 system 1306:1311 The predominant quinone system 1282:1311 The predominant quinone system 1282:1311 The predominant quinone system was MK-7. 25740932 8 36 theme DNA 983:985 arg1 % 1009:1009 41 mol% 1003:1009 41 mol% 1003:1009 The DNA G+C content was 41 mol%. 25740932 8 36 theme DNA 983:985 arg1 content 991:997 The DNA G+C content 979:997 The DNA G+C content 979:997 The DNA G+C content was 41 mol%. 25740932 12 37 theme JC23T 1346:1350 arg1 lipids 1329:1334 Polar lipids 1323:1334 Polar lipids of strain JC23T 1323:1350 Polar lipids of strain JC23T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, β-gentiobiosyldiacylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 25740932 4 38 theme wide 355:358 arg1 range 360:364 a wide range 353:364 a wide range of organic solvents with partition coefficients (log p values) between 1 and 4, which are exceptionally toxic to micro-organisms 353:493 The strain grew in the presence of a wide range of organic solvents with partition coefficients (log p values) between 1 and 4, which are exceptionally toxic to micro-organisms. 25740932 4 39 with solvents 377:384 arg1 values 421:426 log p values 415:426 log p values 415:426 The strain grew in the presence of a wide range of organic solvents with partition coefficients (log p values) between 1 and 4, which are exceptionally toxic to micro-organisms. 25740932 4 39 with solvents 377:384 arg1 coefficients 401:412 partition coefficients 391:412 partition coefficients (log p values) between 1 and 4, which are exceptionally toxic to micro-organisms 391:493 The strain grew in the presence of a wide range of organic solvents with partition coefficients (log p values) between 1 and 4, which are exceptionally toxic to micro-organisms. 25740932 15 40 theme = 1842:1842 arg1 JC23T 1820:1824 strain JC23T 1813:1824 strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T) 1813:1883 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 15 40 theme = 1842:1842 arg1 23394T 1877:1882  = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T 1827:1882  = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T 1827:1882 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 2 41 theme terminal 180:187 arg1 endospores 189:198 terminal endospores 180:198 terminal endospores 180:198 A Gram-stain-positive, solvent-tolerating, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that formed terminal endospores was isolated from the organic solvent acetophenone. 25740932 6 42 theme JC23T 795:799 arg1 relatedness 773:783 DNA-DNA relatedness 765:783 DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC23T with the type strains of the closest species 765:844 DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC23T with the type strains of the closest species was <39 %. 25740932 15 43 theme CCUG 1830:1833 arg1 JC23T 1820:1824 strain JC23T 1813:1824 strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T) 1813:1883 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 15 43 theme CCUG 1830:1833 arg1 23394T 1877:1882  = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T 1827:1882  = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T 1827:1882 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 2 44 theme organic 222:228 arg1 acetophenone 238:249 the organic solvent acetophenone 218:249 the organic solvent acetophenone 218:249 A Gram-stain-positive, solvent-tolerating, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that formed terminal endospores was isolated from the organic solvent acetophenone. 25740932 9 45 theme cellular 1018:1025 arg1 acids 1033:1037 Major cellular fatty acids 1012:1037 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC23T 1012:1053 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC23T were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25740932 12 46 theme Polar 1323:1327 arg1 lipids 1329:1334 Polar lipids 1323:1334 Polar lipids of strain JC23T 1323:1350 Polar lipids of strain JC23T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, β-gentiobiosyldiacylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 25740932 0 47 dep sp 28:29 arg1 acetophenoni 15:26 Lysinibacillus acetophenoni 0:26 Lysinibacillus acetophenoni 0:26 Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp. 25740932 1 48 theme solvent-tolerant 40:55 arg1 bacterium 57:65 a solvent-tolerant bacterium 38:65 a solvent-tolerant bacterium 38:65 nov., a solvent-tolerant bacterium isolated from acetophenone. 25740932 1 48 theme solvent-tolerant 40:55 arg1 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov., a solvent-tolerant bacterium isolated from acetophenone. 25740932 9 49 theme strain 1042:1047 arg1 JC23T 1049:1053 strain JC23T 1042:1053 strain JC23T 1042:1053 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC23T were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25740932 10 50 with agreement 1208:1216 arg1 characteristics 1237:1251 the cell-wall characteristics 1223:1251 the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus 1223:1279 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was determined to be A4α (l-Lys-d-Asp), which is in agreement with the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus. 25740932 5 51 theme Lysinibacillus 639:652 arg1 Mn1-7T 665:670 Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T 639:670 Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T (98.5 % similarity) 639:690 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC23T was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T (98.5 % similarity), L. massiliensis 440831T (97.2 %) and L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (96.8 %). 25740932 5 51 theme Lysinibacillus 639:652 arg1 similarity 680:689 98.5 % similarity 673:689 98.5 % similarity 673:689 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC23T was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T (98.5 % similarity), L. massiliensis 440831T (97.2 %) and L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (96.8 %). 25740932 6 52 theme species 838:844 arg1 strains 815:821 the type strains 806:821 the type strains of the closest species 806:844 DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC23T with the type strains of the closest species was <39 %. 25740932 4 53 theme p 419:419 arg1 values 421:426 log p values 415:426 log p values 415:426 The strain grew in the presence of a wide range of organic solvents with partition coefficients (log p values) between 1 and 4, which are exceptionally toxic to micro-organisms. 25740932 4 53 theme p 419:419 arg1 coefficients 401:412 partition coefficients 391:412 partition coefficients (log p values) between 1 and 4, which are exceptionally toxic to micro-organisms 391:493 The strain grew in the presence of a wide range of organic solvents with partition coefficients (log p values) between 1 and 4, which are exceptionally toxic to micro-organisms. 25740932 4 54 theme solvents 377:384 arg1 range 360:364 a wide range 353:364 a wide range of organic solvents with partition coefficients (log p values) between 1 and 4, which are exceptionally toxic to micro-organisms 353:493 The strain grew in the presence of a wide range of organic solvents with partition coefficients (log p values) between 1 and 4, which are exceptionally toxic to micro-organisms. 25740932 4 55 theme partition 391:399 arg1 values 421:426 log p values 415:426 log p values 415:426 The strain grew in the presence of a wide range of organic solvents with partition coefficients (log p values) between 1 and 4, which are exceptionally toxic to micro-organisms. 25740932 4 55 theme partition 391:399 arg1 coefficients 401:412 partition coefficients 391:412 partition coefficients (log p values) between 1 and 4, which are exceptionally toxic to micro-organisms 391:493 The strain grew in the presence of a wide range of organic solvents with partition coefficients (log p values) between 1 and 4, which are exceptionally toxic to micro-organisms. 25740932 15 56 theme  = 1827:1828 arg1 JC23T 1820:1824 strain JC23T 1813:1824 strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T) 1813:1883 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 15 56 theme  = 1827:1828 arg1 23394T 1877:1882  = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T 1827:1882  = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T 1827:1882 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 13 57 theme strain 1645:1650 arg1 JC23T 1652:1656 strain JC23T 1645:1656 strain JC23T 1645:1656 On the basis of our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we conclude that strain JC23T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp. 25740932 13 58 theme chemotaxonomic 1603:1616 arg1 analyses 1618:1625 our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1543:1625 our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1543:1625 On the basis of our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we conclude that strain JC23T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp. 25740932 7 59 theme range 962:966 arg1 °C 958:959 35 °C 955:959 35 °C (range 25-40 °C) 955:976 Strain JC23T grew chemo-organoheterotrophically with optimal growth at pH 7 (range pH 6-9) and at 35 °C (range 25-40 °C). 25740932 7 59 theme range 962:966 arg1 °C 974:975 range 25-40 °C 962:975 range 25-40 °C 962:975 Strain JC23T grew chemo-organoheterotrophically with optimal growth at pH 7 (range pH 6-9) and at 35 °C (range 25-40 °C). 25740932 2 60 theme Gram-stain-positive 97:115 arg1 bacterium 158:166 A Gram-stain-positive, solvent-tolerating, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium 95:166 A Gram-stain-positive, solvent-tolerating, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that formed terminal endospores 95:198 A Gram-stain-positive, solvent-tolerating, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that formed terminal endospores was isolated from the organic solvent acetophenone. 25740932 10 61 theme genus 1260:1264 arg1 Lysinibacillus 1266:1279 the genus Lysinibacillus 1256:1279 the genus Lysinibacillus 1256:1279 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was determined to be A4α (l-Lys-d-Asp), which is in agreement with the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus. 25740932 5 62 theme 98.5 673:676 arg1 % 678:678 % 678:678 % 678:678 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC23T was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T (98.5 % similarity), L. massiliensis 440831T (97.2 %) and L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (96.8 %). 25740932 7 63 theme range 934:938 arg1 pH 928:929 pH 7 928:931 pH 7 (range pH 6-9) 928:946 Strain JC23T grew chemo-organoheterotrophically with optimal growth at pH 7 (range pH 6-9) and at 35 °C (range 25-40 °C). 25740932 7 63 theme range 934:938 arg1 pH 940:941 range pH 6-9 934:945 range pH 6-9 934:945 Strain JC23T grew chemo-organoheterotrophically with optimal growth at pH 7 (range pH 6-9) and at 35 °C (range 25-40 °C). 25740932 5 64 dep L. 693:694 arg1 massiliensis 696:707 massiliensis 696:707 massiliensis 696:707 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC23T was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T (98.5 % similarity), L. massiliensis 440831T (97.2 %) and L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (96.8 %). 25740932 13 65 theme Lysinibacillus 1744:1757 arg1 sp 1772:1773 the name Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp 1735:1773 the name Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp 1735:1773 On the basis of our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we conclude that strain JC23T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp. 25740932 5 66 theme sequence 519:526 arg1 analysis 528:535 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 505:535 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 505:535 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC23T was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T (98.5 % similarity), L. massiliensis 440831T (97.2 %) and L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (96.8 %). 25740932 10 67 theme Lysinibacillus 1266:1279 arg1 characteristics 1237:1251 the cell-wall characteristics 1223:1251 the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus 1223:1279 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was determined to be A4α (l-Lys-d-Asp), which is in agreement with the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus. 25740932 10 68 theme cell-wall 1127:1135 arg1 A4α 1177:1179 A4α 1177:1179 A4α (l-Lys-d-Asp) 1177:1193 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was determined to be A4α (l-Lys-d-Asp), which is in agreement with the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus. 25740932 10 68 theme cell-wall 1127:1135 arg1 type 1151:1154 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 1123:1154 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 1123:1154 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was determined to be A4α (l-Lys-d-Asp), which is in agreement with the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus. 25740932 7 69 theme optimal 910:916 arg1 growth 918:923 optimal growth 910:923 optimal growth at pH 7 (range pH 6-9) and at 35 °C (range 25-40 °C) 910:976 Strain JC23T grew chemo-organoheterotrophically with optimal growth at pH 7 (range pH 6-9) and at 35 °C (range 25-40 °C). 25740932 15 70 theme type 1798:1801 arg1 strain 1803:1808 The type strain 1794:1808 The type strain 1794:1808 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 15 70 theme type 1798:1801 arg1 JC23T 1820:1824 strain JC23T 1813:1824 strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T) 1813:1883 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 11 71 theme quinone 1298:1304 arg1 MK-7 1317:1320 MK-7 1317:1320 MK-7 1317:1320 The predominant quinone system was MK-7. 25740932 11 71 theme quinone 1298:1304 arg1 system 1306:1311 The predominant quinone system 1282:1311 The predominant quinone system 1282:1311 The predominant quinone system was MK-7. 25740932 12 72 theme unidentified 1506:1517 arg1 lipids 1519:1524 two unidentified lipids 1502:1524 two unidentified lipids 1502:1524 Polar lipids of strain JC23T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, β-gentiobiosyldiacylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 25740932 12 72 theme unidentified 1506:1517 arg1 glycolipids 1424:1434 two unidentified glycolipids 1407:1434 two unidentified glycolipids 1407:1434 Polar lipids of strain JC23T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, β-gentiobiosyldiacylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 25740932 15 73 theme 105754T = DSM 1863:1875 arg1 JC23T 1820:1824 strain JC23T 1813:1824 strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T) 1813:1883 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 15 73 theme 105754T = DSM 1863:1875 arg1 23394T 1877:1882  = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T 1827:1882  = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T 1827:1882 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 13 74 theme Lysinibacillus 1709:1722 arg1 species 1688:1694 a novel species 1680:1694 a novel species 1680:1694 On the basis of our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we conclude that strain JC23T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp. 25740932 5 75 theme chungkukjangi 733:745 arg1 2RL3-2T 747:753 L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T 730:753 L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (96.8 %) 730:762 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC23T was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T (98.5 % similarity), L. massiliensis 440831T (97.2 %) and L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (96.8 %). 25740932 5 75 theme chungkukjangi 733:745 arg1 % 761:761 96.8 % 756:761 96.8 % 756:761 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC23T was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus manganicus Mn1-7T (98.5 % similarity), L. massiliensis 440831T (97.2 %) and L. chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (96.8 %). 25740932 8 76 theme G+C 987:989 arg1 % 1009:1009 41 mol% 1003:1009 41 mol% 1003:1009 The DNA G+C content was 41 mol%. 25740932 8 76 theme G+C 987:989 arg1 content 991:997 The DNA G+C content 979:997 The DNA G+C content 979:997 The DNA G+C content was 41 mol%. 25740932 6 77 theme type 810:813 arg1 strains 815:821 the type strains 806:821 the type strains of the closest species 806:844 DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC23T with the type strains of the closest species was <39 %. 25740932 15 78 theme = 1856:1856 arg1 JC23T 1820:1824 strain JC23T 1813:1824 strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T) 1813:1883 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 15 78 theme = 1856:1856 arg1 23394T 1877:1882  = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T 1827:1882  = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T 1827:1882 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 7 79 from °C 958:959 arg1 growth 918:923 optimal growth 910:923 optimal growth at pH 7 (range pH 6-9) and at 35 °C (range 25-40 °C) 910:976 Strain JC23T grew chemo-organoheterotrophically with optimal growth at pH 7 (range pH 6-9) and at 35 °C (range 25-40 °C). 25740932 12 80 theme strain 1339:1344 arg1 JC23T 1346:1350 strain JC23T 1339:1350 strain JC23T 1339:1350 Polar lipids of strain JC23T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, β-gentiobiosyldiacylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 25740932 15 81 theme KCTC 1844:1847 arg1 JC23T 1820:1824 strain JC23T 1813:1824 strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T) 1813:1883 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 15 81 theme KCTC 1844:1847 arg1 23394T 1877:1882  = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T 1827:1882  = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T 1827:1882 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 2 82 theme solvent 230:236 arg1 acetophenone 238:249 the organic solvent acetophenone 218:249 the organic solvent acetophenone 218:249 A Gram-stain-positive, solvent-tolerating, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that formed terminal endospores was isolated from the organic solvent acetophenone. 25740932 9 83 theme Major 1012:1016 arg1 acids 1033:1037 Major cellular fatty acids 1012:1037 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC23T 1012:1053 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC23T were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25740932 8 84 theme mol 1006:1008 arg1 % 1009:1009 41 mol% 1003:1009 41 mol% 1003:1009 The DNA G+C content was 41 mol%. 25740932 8 84 theme mol 1006:1008 arg1 content 991:997 The DNA G+C content 979:997 The DNA G+C content 979:997 The DNA G+C content was 41 mol%. 25740932 6 85 theme strain 788:793 arg1 JC23T 795:799 strain JC23T 788:799 strain JC23T 788:799 DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC23T with the type strains of the closest species was <39 %. 25740932 15 86 theme 57911T 1835:1840 arg1 JC23T 1820:1824 strain JC23T 1813:1824 strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T) 1813:1883 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 15 86 theme 57911T 1835:1840 arg1 23394T 1877:1882  = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T 1827:1882  = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T 1827:1882 The type strain is strain JC23T ( = CCUG 57911T = KCTC 13605T = NBRC 105754T = DSM 23394T). 25740932 9 87 theme fatty 1027:1031 arg1 acids 1033:1037 Major cellular fatty acids 1012:1037 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC23T 1012:1053 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC23T were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25740932 9 88 dep 0 1083:1083 arg1 0 1100:1100 0 1100:1100 0 1100:1100 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC23T were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 25740932 13 89 theme novel 1682:1686 arg1 species 1688:1694 a novel species 1680:1694 a novel species 1680:1694 On the basis of our morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we conclude that strain JC23T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus acetophenoni sp. 24871777 2 0 theme polyphasic 319:328 arg1 study 340:344 a polyphasic taxonomic study 317:344 a polyphasic taxonomic study 317:344 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium, strain NPK15(T), was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term NPK fertilization in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 24871777 5 1 theme fatty 623:627 arg1 iso-C 640:644 iso-C 640:644 iso-C 640:644 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and C(16 : 1)ω6c/C(16 : 1)ω7c. 24871777 5 1 theme fatty 623:627 arg1 acids 629:633 The major cellular fatty acids 604:633 The major cellular fatty acids 604:633 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and C(16 : 1)ω6c/C(16 : 1)ω7c. 24871777 2 2 theme NPK 260:262 arg1 fertilization 264:276 long-term NPK fertilization 250:276 long-term NPK fertilization in northern China 250:294 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium, strain NPK15(T), was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term NPK fertilization in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 24871777 10 3 theme novel 1484:1488 arg1 species 1490:1496 a novel species 1482:1496 a novel species 1482:1496 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses identified strain NPK15(T) as a member of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus fengqiuensis sp. 24871777 12 4 theme AB 1637:1638 arg1 T 1648:1648 T 1648:1648 T 1648:1648 The type strain is NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)). 24871777 12 4 theme AB 1637:1638 arg1 2013156 1640:1646  = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156 1613:1646  = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T) 1613:1649 The type strain is NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)). 24871777 12 4 theme AB 1637:1638 arg1 NPK15 1603:1607 NPK15 1603:1607 NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)) 1603:1650 The type strain is NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)). 24871777 12 5 theme  = DSM 1613:1618 arg1 T 1648:1648 T 1648:1648 T 1648:1648 The type strain is NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)). 24871777 12 5 theme  = DSM 1613:1618 arg1 2013156 1640:1646  = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156 1613:1646  = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T) 1613:1649 The type strain is NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)). 24871777 12 5 theme  = DSM 1613:1618 arg1 NPK15 1603:1607 NPK15 1603:1607 NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)) 1603:1650 The type strain is NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)). 24871777 7 6 theme rRNA 871:874 arg1 sequence 881:888 its 16S rRNA gene sequence 863:888 its 16S rRNA gene sequence 863:888 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 3 7 theme cell-wall 463:471 arg1 xylose 485:490 xylose 485:490 xylose 485:490 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15(T) was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were xylose, glucose and traces of mannose. 24871777 3 7 theme cell-wall 463:471 arg1 sugars 473:478 the cell-wall sugars 459:478 the cell-wall sugars 459:478 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15(T) was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were xylose, glucose and traces of mannose. 24871777 6 8 theme major 719:723 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 743:764 diphosphatidylglycerol 743:764 diphosphatidylglycerol 743:764 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. 24871777 6 8 theme major 719:723 arg1 lipids 731:736 The major polar lipids 715:736 The major polar lipids 715:736 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. 24871777 8 9 theme other 1137:1141 arg1 species 1143:1149 other species 1137:1149 other species of the genus Bacillus 1137:1171 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 7 10 theme Phylogenetic 818:829 arg1 analysis 831:838 Phylogenetic analysis 818:838 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence 818:888 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 5 11 dep iso-C 640:644 arg1 ω6c/C 697:701 ω6c/C(16 : 1)ω7c 697:712 ω6c/C(16 : 1)ω7c 697:712 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and C(16 : 1)ω6c/C(16 : 1)ω7c. 24871777 8 12 dep distinct 1123:1130 arg1 % 1210:1210 35.4% 1206:1210 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) 1206:1248 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 12 dep distinct 1123:1130 arg1 T 1288:1288 T 1288:1288 T 1288:1288 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 12 dep distinct 1123:1130 arg1 degree 1178:1183 the degree 1174:1183 the degree of relatedness 1174:1198 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 12 dep distinct 1123:1130 arg1 strain 1112:1117 the strain 1108:1117 the strain 1108:1117 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 12 dep distinct 1123:1130 arg1 distinct 1123:1130 distinct 1123:1130 distinct 1123:1130 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 12 dep distinct 1123:1130 arg1 % 1299:1299 51.2% 1295:1299 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 1295:1333 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 12 dep distinct 1123:1130 arg1 % 1255:1255 39.7% 1251:1255 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) 1251:1289 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 9 13 theme DNA 1340:1342 arg1 % 1387:1387 45.5 mol% 1379:1387 45.5 mol% 1379:1387 The DNA G+C content of strain NPK15(T) was 45.5 mol%. 24871777 9 13 theme DNA 1340:1342 arg1 content 1348:1354 The DNA G+C content 1336:1354 The DNA G+C content of strain NPK15(T) 1336:1373 The DNA G+C content of strain NPK15(T) was 45.5 mol%. 24871777 5 14 theme major 608:612 arg1 iso-C 640:644 iso-C 640:644 iso-C 640:644 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and C(16 : 1)ω6c/C(16 : 1)ω7c. 24871777 5 14 theme major 608:612 arg1 acids 629:633 The major cellular fatty acids 604:633 The major cellular fatty acids 604:633 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and C(16 : 1)ω6c/C(16 : 1)ω7c. 24871777 10 15 theme chemotaxonomic 1402:1415 arg1 analyses 1431:1438 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses 1390:1438 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses 1390:1438 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses identified strain NPK15(T) as a member of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus fengqiuensis sp. 24871777 2 16 from fertilization 264:276 arg1 China 290:294 northern China 281:294 northern China 281:294 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium, strain NPK15(T), was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term NPK fertilization in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 24871777 12 17 theme type 1588:1591 arg1 strain 1593:1598 The type strain 1584:1598 The type strain 1584:1598 The type strain is NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)). 24871777 12 17 theme type 1588:1591 arg1 NPK15 1603:1607 NPK15 1603:1607 NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)) 1603:1650 The type strain is NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)). 24871777 10 18 theme fengqiuensis 1549:1560 arg1 sp 1562:1563 Bacillus fengqiuensis sp 1540:1563 the name Bacillus fengqiuensis sp 1531:1563 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses identified strain NPK15(T) as a member of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus fengqiuensis sp. 24871777 7 19 theme KCTC 993:996 arg1 T 1004:1004 T 1004:1004 T 1004:1004 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 7 19 theme KCTC 993:996 arg1 13881 998:1002 B. songklensis KCTC 13881 978:1002 B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) 978:1014 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 7 19 theme KCTC 993:996 arg1 % 1013:1013 99.52% 1008:1013 99.52% 1008:1013 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 10 20 theme Phenotypic 1390:1399 arg1 analyses 1431:1438 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses 1390:1438 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses 1390:1438 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses identified strain NPK15(T) as a member of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus fengqiuensis sp. 24871777 9 21 theme strain 1359:1364 arg1 T 1372:1372 T 1372:1372 T 1372:1372 The DNA G+C content of strain NPK15(T) was 45.5 mol%. 24871777 9 21 theme strain 1359:1364 arg1 NPK15 1366:1370 strain NPK15 1359:1370 strain NPK15(T) 1359:1373 The DNA G+C content of strain NPK15(T) was 45.5 mol%. 24871777 7 22 theme B. 978:979 arg1 T 1004:1004 T 1004:1004 T 1004:1004 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 7 22 theme B. 978:979 arg1 13881 998:1002 B. songklensis KCTC 13881 978:1002 B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) 978:1014 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 7 22 theme B. 978:979 arg1 % 1013:1013 99.52% 1008:1013 99.52% 1008:1013 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 8 23 theme relatedness 1188:1198 arg1 % 1210:1210 35.4% 1206:1210 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) 1206:1248 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 23 theme relatedness 1188:1198 arg1 degree 1178:1183 the degree 1174:1183 the degree of relatedness 1174:1198 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 1 24 theme typical 48:54 arg1 sandy 56:60 a typical sandy 46:60 a typical sandy 46:60 nov., isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term fertilization. 24871777 2 25 attach isolated 204:211 arg2 bacterium 172:180 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium 103:180 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium 103:180 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium, strain NPK15(T), was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term NPK fertilization in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 24871777 2 25 attach isolated 204:211 arg2 NPK15 190:194 strain NPK15 183:194 strain NPK15(T) 183:197 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium, strain NPK15(T), was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term NPK fertilization in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 24871777 2 25 attach isolated 204:211 arg1 soil 239:242 a typical sandy loam soil 218:242 a typical sandy loam soil 218:242 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium, strain NPK15(T), was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term NPK fertilization in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 24871777 3 26 theme strain 398:403 arg1 T 411:411 T 411:411 T 411:411 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15(T) was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were xylose, glucose and traces of mannose. 24871777 3 26 theme strain 398:403 arg1 NPK15 405:409 strain NPK15 398:409 strain NPK15(T) 398:412 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15(T) was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were xylose, glucose and traces of mannose. 24871777 0 27 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 22:23 Bacillus fengqiuensis sp 0:23 Bacillus fengqiuensis sp. 0:24 Bacillus fengqiuensis sp. 24871777 2 28 theme typical 220:226 arg1 soil 239:242 a typical sandy loam soil 218:242 a typical sandy loam soil 218:242 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium, strain NPK15(T), was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term NPK fertilization in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 24871777 8 29 theme hybridization 1071:1083 arg1 results 1085:1091 DNA-DNA hybridization results 1063:1091 DNA-DNA hybridization results 1063:1091 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 30 with % 1255:1255 arg1 KCTC 1277:1280 B. songklensis KCTC 13881 1262:1286 B. songklensis KCTC 13881 1262:1286 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 30 with % 1255:1255 arg1 2012074 1239:1245 B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074 1217:1245 B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) 1217:1248 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 30 with % 1255:1255 arg1 17216 1329:1333 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 1306:1333 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 1306:1333 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 30 with % 1255:1255 arg1 T 1247:1247 T 1247:1247 T 1247:1247 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 7 31 theme CCTCC 1033:1037 arg1 2012074 1042:1048 B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074 1020:1048 B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%) 1020:1060 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 7 31 theme CCTCC 1033:1037 arg1 % 1059:1059 99.00% 1054:1059 99.00% 1054:1059 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 7 31 theme CCTCC 1033:1037 arg1 T 1050:1050 T 1050:1050 T 1050:1050 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 3 32 theme peptidoglycan 381:393 arg1 acid 359:362 The diamino acid 347:362 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15(T) 347:412 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15(T) was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were xylose, glucose and traces of mannose. 24871777 3 32 theme peptidoglycan 381:393 arg1 acid 450:453 meso-diaminopimelic acid 430:453 meso-diaminopimelic acid 430:453 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15(T) was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were xylose, glucose and traces of mannose. 24871777 8 33 theme AB 1236:1237 arg1 T 1247:1247 T 1247:1247 T 1247:1247 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 33 theme AB 1236:1237 arg1 2012074 1239:1245 B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074 1217:1245 B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) 1217:1248 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 2 34 theme strain 183:188 arg1 T 196:196 T 196:196 T 196:196 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium, strain NPK15(T), was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term NPK fertilization in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 24871777 2 34 theme strain 183:188 arg1 bacterium 172:180 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium 103:180 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium 103:180 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium, strain NPK15(T), was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term NPK fertilization in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 24871777 2 34 theme strain 183:188 arg1 NPK15 190:194 strain NPK15 183:194 strain NPK15(T) 183:197 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium, strain NPK15(T), was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term NPK fertilization in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 24871777 4 35 located found 553:557 arg2 menaquinone 582:592 menaquinone 7 582:594 menaquinone 7 (MK-7) 582:601 The only respiratory quinone found in strain NPK15(T) was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 24871777 4 35 located found 553:557 arg2 quinone 545:551 The only respiratory quinone 524:551 The only respiratory quinone found in strain NPK15(T) 524:576 The only respiratory quinone found in strain NPK15(T) was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 24871777 4 35 located found 553:557 arg1 T 575:575 T 575:575 T 575:575 The only respiratory quinone found in strain NPK15(T) was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 24871777 4 35 located found 553:557 arg1 NPK15 569:573 strain NPK15 562:573 strain NPK15(T) 562:576 The only respiratory quinone found in strain NPK15(T) was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 24871777 8 36 with % 1210:1210 arg1 KCTC 1277:1280 B. songklensis KCTC 13881 1262:1286 B. songklensis KCTC 13881 1262:1286 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 36 with % 1210:1210 arg1 2012074 1239:1245 B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074 1217:1245 B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) 1217:1248 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 36 with % 1210:1210 arg1 17216 1329:1333 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 1306:1333 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 1306:1333 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 36 with % 1210:1210 arg1 T 1247:1247 T 1247:1247 T 1247:1247 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 7 37 theme Bacillus 934:941 arg1 % 974:974 99.59% 969:974 99.59% 969:974 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 7 37 theme Bacillus 934:941 arg1 17216 962:966 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 933:966 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%) 933:975 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 7 38 theme B. 1020:1021 arg1 2012074 1042:1048 B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074 1020:1048 B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%) 1020:1060 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 7 38 theme B. 1020:1021 arg1 % 1059:1059 99.00% 1054:1059 99.00% 1054:1059 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 7 38 theme B. 1020:1021 arg1 T 1050:1050 T 1050:1050 T 1050:1050 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 10 39 theme molecular 1421:1429 arg1 analyses 1431:1438 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses 1390:1438 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses 1390:1438 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses identified strain NPK15(T) as a member of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus fengqiuensis sp. 24871777 2 40 dep Gram-staining-positive 105:126 arg1 endospore-forming 129:145 endospore-forming 129:145 endospore-forming 129:145 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium, strain NPK15(T), was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term NPK fertilization in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 24871777 2 40 dep Gram-staining-positive 105:126 arg1 alkaliphilic 159:170 alkaliphilic 159:170 alkaliphilic 159:170 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium, strain NPK15(T), was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term NPK fertilization in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 24871777 8 41 dep B. 1217:1218 arg1 abyssalis 1220:1228 abyssalis 1220:1228 abyssalis 1220:1228 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 7 42 dep B. 1020:1021 arg1 abyssalis 1023:1031 abyssalis 1023:1031 abyssalis 1023:1031 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 4 43 theme strain 562:567 arg1 T 575:575 T 575:575 T 575:575 The only respiratory quinone found in strain NPK15(T) was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 24871777 4 43 theme strain 562:567 arg1 NPK15 569:573 strain NPK15 562:573 strain NPK15(T) 562:576 The only respiratory quinone found in strain NPK15(T) was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 24871777 2 44 theme Gram-staining-positive 105:126 arg1 bacterium 172:180 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium 103:180 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium 103:180 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium, strain NPK15(T), was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term NPK fertilization in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 24871777 2 44 theme Gram-staining-positive 105:126 arg1 NPK15 190:194 strain NPK15 183:194 strain NPK15(T) 183:197 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium, strain NPK15(T), was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term NPK fertilization in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 24871777 2 45 theme taxonomic 330:338 arg1 study 340:344 a polyphasic taxonomic study 317:344 a polyphasic taxonomic study 317:344 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium, strain NPK15(T), was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term NPK fertilization in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 24871777 8 46 theme songklensis 1265:1275 arg1 KCTC 1277:1280 B. songklensis KCTC 13881 1262:1286 B. songklensis KCTC 13881 1262:1286 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 4 47 theme respiratory 533:543 arg1 quinone 545:551 The only respiratory quinone 524:551 The only respiratory quinone found in strain NPK15(T) 524:576 The only respiratory quinone found in strain NPK15(T) was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 24871777 4 47 theme respiratory 533:543 arg1 menaquinone 582:592 menaquinone 7 582:594 menaquinone 7 (MK-7) 582:601 The only respiratory quinone found in strain NPK15(T) was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 24871777 10 48 theme species 1490:1496 arg1 member 1472:1477 a member 1470:1477 a member of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus fengqiuensis sp 1470:1563 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses identified strain NPK15(T) as a member of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus fengqiuensis sp. 24871777 10 48 theme species 1490:1496 arg1 NPK15 1458:1462 strain NPK15 1451:1462 strain NPK15(T) 1451:1465 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses identified strain NPK15(T) as a member of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus fengqiuensis sp. 24871777 2 49 theme long-term 250:258 arg1 fertilization 264:276 long-term NPK fertilization 250:276 long-term NPK fertilization in northern China 250:294 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium, strain NPK15(T), was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term NPK fertilization in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 24871777 8 50 theme thaonhiensis 1310:1321 arg1 17216 1329:1333 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 1306:1333 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 1306:1333 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 12 51 theme T 1626:1626 arg1 T 1648:1648 T 1648:1648 T 1648:1648 The type strain is NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)). 24871777 12 51 theme T 1626:1626 arg1 2013156 1640:1646  = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156 1613:1646  = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T) 1613:1649 The type strain is NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)). 24871777 12 51 theme T 1626:1626 arg1 NPK15 1603:1607 NPK15 1603:1607 NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)) 1603:1650 The type strain is NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)). 24871777 7 52 theme gene 876:879 arg1 sequence 881:888 its 16S rRNA gene sequence 863:888 its 16S rRNA gene sequence 863:888 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 3 53 theme mannose 515:521 arg1 glucose 493:499 glucose 493:499 glucose 493:499 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15(T) was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were xylose, glucose and traces of mannose. 24871777 3 53 theme mannose 515:521 arg1 xylose 485:490 xylose 485:490 xylose 485:490 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15(T) was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were xylose, glucose and traces of mannose. 24871777 3 53 theme mannose 515:521 arg1 sugars 473:478 the cell-wall sugars 459:478 the cell-wall sugars 459:478 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15(T) was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were xylose, glucose and traces of mannose. 24871777 3 53 theme mannose 515:521 arg1 traces 505:510 traces 505:510 traces 505:510 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15(T) was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were xylose, glucose and traces of mannose. 24871777 8 54 theme KACC 1324:1327 arg1 17216 1329:1333 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 1306:1333 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 1306:1333 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 12 55 theme  = CCTCC 1628:1635 arg1 T 1648:1648 T 1648:1648 T 1648:1648 The type strain is NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)). 24871777 12 55 theme  = CCTCC 1628:1635 arg1 2013156 1640:1646  = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156 1613:1646  = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T) 1613:1649 The type strain is NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)). 24871777 12 55 theme  = CCTCC 1628:1635 arg1 NPK15 1603:1607 NPK15 1603:1607 NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)) 1603:1650 The type strain is NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)). 24871777 10 56 theme Bacillus 1511:1518 arg1 species 1490:1496 a novel species 1482:1496 a novel species 1482:1496 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses identified strain NPK15(T) as a member of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus fengqiuensis sp. 24871777 5 57 theme cellular 614:621 arg1 iso-C 640:644 iso-C 640:644 iso-C 640:644 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and C(16 : 1)ω6c/C(16 : 1)ω7c. 24871777 5 57 theme cellular 614:621 arg1 acids 629:633 The major cellular fatty acids 604:633 The major cellular fatty acids 604:633 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and C(16 : 1)ω6c/C(16 : 1)ω7c. 24871777 2 58 theme northern 281:288 arg1 China 290:294 northern China 281:294 northern China 281:294 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium, strain NPK15(T), was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term NPK fertilization in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 24871777 6 59 theme polar 725:729 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 743:764 diphosphatidylglycerol 743:764 diphosphatidylglycerol 743:764 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. 24871777 6 59 theme polar 725:729 arg1 lipids 731:736 The major polar lipids 715:736 The major polar lipids 715:736 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. 24871777 12 60 theme 26745 1620:1624 arg1 T 1648:1648 T 1648:1648 T 1648:1648 The type strain is NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)). 24871777 12 60 theme 26745 1620:1624 arg1 2013156 1640:1646  = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156 1613:1646  = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T) 1613:1649 The type strain is NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)). 24871777 12 60 theme 26745 1620:1624 arg1 NPK15 1603:1607 NPK15 1603:1607 NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)) 1603:1650 The type strain is NPK15(T) ( = DSM 26745(T) = CCTCC AB 2013156(T)). 24871777 7 61 theme strain 847:852 arg1 analysis 831:838 Phylogenetic analysis 818:838 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence 818:888 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 7 62 theme 16S 867:869 arg1 sequence 881:888 its 16S rRNA gene sequence 863:888 its 16S rRNA gene sequence 863:888 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 8 63 theme Bacillus 1164:1171 arg1 species 1143:1149 other species 1137:1149 other species of the genus Bacillus 1137:1171 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 9 64 theme G+C 1344:1346 arg1 % 1387:1387 45.5 mol% 1379:1387 45.5 mol% 1379:1387 The DNA G+C content of strain NPK15(T) was 45.5 mol%. 24871777 9 64 theme G+C 1344:1346 arg1 content 1348:1354 The DNA G+C content 1336:1354 The DNA G+C content of strain NPK15(T) 1336:1373 The DNA G+C content of strain NPK15(T) was 45.5 mol%. 24871777 2 65 theme sandy 228:232 arg1 soil 239:242 a typical sandy loam soil 218:242 a typical sandy loam soil 218:242 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium, strain NPK15(T), was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term NPK fertilization in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 24871777 10 66 theme Bacillus 1540:1547 arg1 sp 1562:1563 Bacillus fengqiuensis sp 1540:1563 the name Bacillus fengqiuensis sp 1531:1563 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses identified strain NPK15(T) as a member of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus fengqiuensis sp. 24871777 8 67 from species 1143:1149 arg1 % 1210:1210 35.4% 1206:1210 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) 1206:1248 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 67 from species 1143:1149 arg1 % 1299:1299 51.2% 1295:1299 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 1295:1333 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 67 from species 1143:1149 arg1 distinct 1123:1130 distinct 1123:1130 distinct 1123:1130 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 67 from species 1143:1149 arg1 % 1255:1255 39.7% 1251:1255 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) 1251:1289 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 67 from species 1143:1149 arg1 strain 1112:1117 the strain 1108:1117 the strain 1108:1117 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 9 68 theme NPK15 1366:1370 arg1 % 1387:1387 45.5 mol% 1379:1387 45.5 mol% 1379:1387 The DNA G+C content of strain NPK15(T) was 45.5 mol%. 24871777 9 68 theme NPK15 1366:1370 arg1 content 1348:1354 The DNA G+C content 1336:1354 The DNA G+C content of strain NPK15(T) 1336:1373 The DNA G+C content of strain NPK15(T) was 45.5 mol%. 24871777 10 69 dep name 1535:1538 arg1 sp 1562:1563 Bacillus fengqiuensis sp 1540:1563 the name Bacillus fengqiuensis sp 1531:1563 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses identified strain NPK15(T) as a member of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus fengqiuensis sp. 24871777 1 70 attach isolated 32:39 arg1 sandy 56:60 a typical sandy 46:60 a typical sandy 46:60 nov., isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term fertilization. 24871777 1 70 attach isolated 32:39 arg2 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov., isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term fertilization. 24871777 8 71 theme B. 1217:1218 arg1 T 1247:1247 T 1247:1247 T 1247:1247 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 71 theme B. 1217:1218 arg1 2012074 1239:1245 B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074 1217:1245 B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) 1217:1248 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 0 72 theme fengqiuensis 9:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Bacillus fengqiuensis sp 0:23 Bacillus fengqiuensis sp. 0:24 Bacillus fengqiuensis sp. 24871777 7 73 theme AB 1039:1040 arg1 2012074 1042:1048 B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074 1020:1048 B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%) 1020:1060 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 7 73 theme AB 1039:1040 arg1 % 1059:1059 99.00% 1054:1059 99.00% 1054:1059 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 7 73 theme AB 1039:1040 arg1 T 1050:1050 T 1050:1050 T 1050:1050 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 9 74 theme mol 1384:1386 arg1 % 1387:1387 45.5 mol% 1379:1387 45.5 mol% 1379:1387 The DNA G+C content of strain NPK15(T) was 45.5 mol%. 24871777 9 74 theme mol 1384:1386 arg1 content 1348:1354 The DNA G+C content 1336:1354 The DNA G+C content of strain NPK15(T) 1336:1373 The DNA G+C content of strain NPK15(T) was 45.5 mol%. 24871777 8 75 theme CCTCC 1230:1234 arg1 T 1247:1247 T 1247:1247 T 1247:1247 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 75 theme CCTCC 1230:1234 arg1 2012074 1239:1245 B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074 1217:1245 B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) 1217:1248 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 7 76 dep Bacillus 934:941 arg1 thaonhiensis 943:954 thaonhiensis 943:954 thaonhiensis 943:954 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 3 77 theme NPK15 405:409 arg1 peptidoglycan 381:393 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 367:393 the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15(T) 367:412 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15(T) was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were xylose, glucose and traces of mannose. 24871777 1 78 theme long-term 78:86 arg1 fertilization 88:100 long-term fertilization 78:100 long-term fertilization 78:100 nov., isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term fertilization. 24871777 3 79 theme diamino 351:357 arg1 acid 359:362 The diamino acid 347:362 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15(T) 347:412 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15(T) was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were xylose, glucose and traces of mannose. 24871777 3 79 theme diamino 351:357 arg1 acid 450:453 meso-diaminopimelic acid 430:453 meso-diaminopimelic acid 430:453 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15(T) was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were xylose, glucose and traces of mannose. 24871777 7 80 dep B. 978:979 arg1 songklensis 981:991 songklensis 981:991 songklensis 981:991 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 10 81 theme strain 1451:1456 arg1 member 1472:1477 a member 1470:1477 a member of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus fengqiuensis sp 1470:1563 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses identified strain NPK15(T) as a member of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus fengqiuensis sp. 24871777 10 81 theme strain 1451:1456 arg1 T 1464:1464 T 1464:1464 T 1464:1464 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses identified strain NPK15(T) as a member of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus fengqiuensis sp. 24871777 10 81 theme strain 1451:1456 arg1 NPK15 1458:1462 strain NPK15 1451:1462 strain NPK15(T) 1451:1465 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses identified strain NPK15(T) as a member of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus fengqiuensis sp. 24871777 8 82 theme DNA-DNA 1063:1069 arg1 hybridization 1071:1083 DNA-DNA hybridization 1063:1083 DNA-DNA hybridization results 1063:1091 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 2 83 theme loam 234:237 arg1 soil 239:242 a typical sandy loam soil 218:242 a typical sandy loam soil 218:242 A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium, strain NPK15(T), was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term NPK fertilization in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 24871777 3 84 theme cell-wall 371:379 arg1 peptidoglycan 381:393 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 367:393 the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15(T) 367:412 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15(T) was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were xylose, glucose and traces of mannose. 24871777 8 85 with % 1299:1299 arg1 KCTC 1277:1280 B. songklensis KCTC 13881 1262:1286 B. songklensis KCTC 13881 1262:1286 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 85 with % 1299:1299 arg1 2012074 1239:1245 B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074 1217:1245 B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) 1217:1248 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 85 with % 1299:1299 arg1 17216 1329:1333 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 1306:1333 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 1306:1333 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 8 85 with % 1299:1299 arg1 T 1247:1247 T 1247:1247 T 1247:1247 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 3 86 theme meso-diaminopimelic 430:448 arg1 acid 450:453 meso-diaminopimelic acid 430:453 meso-diaminopimelic acid 430:453 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15(T) was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were xylose, glucose and traces of mannose. 24871777 3 86 theme meso-diaminopimelic 430:448 arg1 acid 359:362 The diamino acid 347:362 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15(T) 347:412 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15(T) was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were xylose, glucose and traces of mannose. 24871777 8 87 theme B. 1262:1263 arg1 KCTC 1277:1280 B. songklensis KCTC 13881 1262:1286 B. songklensis KCTC 13881 1262:1286 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus, the degree of relatedness being 35.4% with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T), 39.7% with B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) and 51.2% with 'B. thaonhiensis' KACC 17216. 24871777 7 88 theme KACC 957:960 arg1 % 974:974 99.59% 969:974 99.59% 969:974 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 24871777 7 88 theme KACC 957:960 arg1 17216 962:966 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 933:966 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%) 933:975 Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to 'Bacillus thaonhiensis' KACC 17216 (99.59%), B. songklensis KCTC 13881(T) (99.52%) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074(T) (99.00%). 25048212 6 0 theme Micrococcus 849:859 arg1 members 828:834 other members 822:834 other members of the genus Micrococcus 822:859 Like other members of the genus Micrococcus, strain AE-6(T) had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0). 25048212 6 1 contain had 877:879 arg1 T 874:874 T 874:874 T 874:874 Like other members of the genus Micrococcus, strain AE-6(T) had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0). 25048212 6 1 contain had 877:879 arg2 content 888:894 a high content 881:894 a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0) 881:954 Like other members of the genus Micrococcus, strain AE-6(T) had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0). 25048212 6 1 contain had 877:879 arg1 AE-6 869:872 strain AE-6 862:872 strain AE-6(T) 862:875 Like other members of the genus Micrococcus, strain AE-6(T) had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0). 25048212 10 2 theme AE-6 1208:1211 arg1 hybridization 1191:1203 DNA-DNA hybridization 1183:1203 DNA-DNA hybridization of AE-6(T) with its closest relatives from the genus Micrococcus 1183:1268 Results of DNA-DNA hybridization of AE-6(T) with its closest relatives from the genus Micrococcus produced a value of less than 70%. 25048212 2 3 theme yellow 104:109 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 111:129 A yellow Gram-stain-positive 102:129 A yellow Gram-stain-positive 102:129 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 2 3 theme yellow 104:109 arg1 -forming 158:165 non-endospore -forming 144:165 non-endospore -forming 144:165 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 2 3 theme yellow 104:109 arg1 actinobacterium 189:203 spherical endophytic actinobacterium 168:203 spherical endophytic actinobacterium 168:203 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 2 3 theme yellow 104:109 arg1 non-motile 132:141 non-motile 132:141 non-motile 132:141 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 2 3 theme yellow 104:109 arg1 AE-6 224:227 designated strain AE-6 206:227 designated strain AE-6(T) 206:230 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 6 4 theme fatty 914:918 arg1 iso-C15:0 927:935 iso-C15:0 927:935 iso-C15:0 927:935 Like other members of the genus Micrococcus, strain AE-6(T) had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0). 25048212 6 4 theme fatty 914:918 arg1 acids 920:924 branched chain fatty acids 899:924 branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0) 899:954 Like other members of the genus Micrococcus, strain AE-6(T) had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0). 25048212 6 4 theme fatty 914:918 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 941:953 anteiso-C15:0 941:953 anteiso-C15:0 941:953 Like other members of the genus Micrococcus, strain AE-6(T) had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0). 25048212 10 5 theme closest 1225:1231 arg1 relatives 1233:1241 its closest relatives 1221:1241 its closest relatives from the genus Micrococcus 1221:1268 Results of DNA-DNA hybridization of AE-6(T) with its closest relatives from the genus Micrococcus produced a value of less than 70%. 25048212 2 6 theme leaf 268:271 arg1 tissues 273:279 the inner fleshy leaf tissues 251:279 the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India 251:351 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 6 7 theme branched 899:906 arg1 iso-C15:0 927:935 iso-C15:0 927:935 iso-C15:0 927:935 Like other members of the genus Micrococcus, strain AE-6(T) had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0). 25048212 6 7 theme branched 899:906 arg1 acids 920:924 branched chain fatty acids 899:924 branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0) 899:954 Like other members of the genus Micrococcus, strain AE-6(T) had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0). 25048212 6 7 theme branched 899:906 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 941:953 anteiso-C15:0 941:953 anteiso-C15:0 941:953 Like other members of the genus Micrococcus, strain AE-6(T) had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0). 25048212 4 8 theme Micrococcus 534:544 arg1 T 568:568 T 568:568 T 568:568 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 4 8 theme Micrococcus 534:544 arg1 YIM 558:560 Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004 534:566 Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%) 534:671 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 2 9 theme inner 255:259 arg1 tissues 273:279 the inner fleshy leaf tissues 251:279 the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India 251:351 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 2 10 theme barbadensis 289:299 arg1 tissues 273:279 the inner fleshy leaf tissues 251:279 the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India 251:351 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 9 11 theme DNA 1143:1145 arg1 content 1151:1157 The DNA G+C content 1139:1157 The DNA G+C content 1139:1157 The DNA G+C content was 70 mol%. 25048212 9 11 theme DNA 1143:1145 arg1 % 1169:1169 70 mol% 1163:1169 70 mol% 1163:1169 The DNA G+C content was 70 mol%. 25048212 4 12 theme gene 504:507 arg1 similarity 518:527 highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 479:527 highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%) 479:671 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 1 13 attach isolated 77:84 arg1 vera 96:99 Aloe vera 91:99 Aloe vera 91:99 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Aloe vera. 25048212 1 13 attach isolated 77:84 arg2 actinobacterium 61:75 an endophytic actinobacterium 47:75 an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Aloe vera 47:99 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Aloe vera. 25048212 13 14 theme species 1635:1641 arg1 strain 1621:1626 the type strain 1612:1626 the type strain of the species 1612:1641 nov., with strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) as the type strain of the species. 25048212 1 15 dep actinobacterium 61:75 arg1 nov. 41:44 nov. 41:44 nov. 41:44 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Aloe vera. 25048212 11 16 theme Micrococcus 1420:1430 arg1 members 1399:1405 other members 1393:1405 other members of the genus Micrococcus 1393:1430 Based on the results of this study, strain AE-6(T) could be clearly differentiated from other members of the genus Micrococcus. 25048212 13 17 dep AE-6 1569:1572 arg1 strain 1621:1626 the type strain 1612:1626 the type strain of the species 1612:1641 nov., with strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) as the type strain of the species. 25048212 4 18 theme luteus 595:600 arg1 T 612:612 T 612:612 T 612:612 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 4 18 theme luteus 595:600 arg1 2665 607:610 Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665 583:610 Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) 583:621 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 4 18 theme luteus 595:600 arg1 % 620:620 99.6% 616:620 99.6% 616:620 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 13 19 theme type 1616:1619 arg1 strain 1621:1626 the type strain 1612:1626 the type strain of the species 1612:1641 nov., with strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) as the type strain of the species. 25048212 8 20 theme Cell 1017:1020 arg1 analysis 1027:1034 Cell wall analysis 1017:1034 Cell wall analysis 1017:1034 Cell wall analysis showed an 'A2 L-Lys-peptide subunit' type of peptidoglycan and ribose to be the major cell wall sugar. 25048212 13 21 dep nov. 1551:1554 arg1 with 1557:1560 with 1557:1560 with 1557:1560 nov., with strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) as the type strain of the species. 25048212 2 22 attach isolated 237:244 arg2 AE-6 224:227 designated strain AE-6 206:227 designated strain AE-6(T) 206:230 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 2 22 attach isolated 237:244 arg2 Gram-stain-positive 111:129 A yellow Gram-stain-positive 102:129 A yellow Gram-stain-positive 102:129 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 2 22 attach isolated 237:244 arg1 tissues 273:279 the inner fleshy leaf tissues 251:279 the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India 251:351 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 2 22 attach isolated 237:244 arg2 actinobacterium 189:203 spherical endophytic actinobacterium 168:203 spherical endophytic actinobacterium 168:203 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 2 22 attach isolated 237:244 arg2 non-motile 132:141 non-motile 132:141 non-motile 132:141 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 2 22 attach isolated 237:244 arg2 -forming 158:165 non-endospore -forming 144:165 non-endospore -forming 144:165 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 12 23 theme novel 1465:1469 arg1 species 1471:1477 a novel species 1463:1477 a novel species of the genus Micrococcus 1463:1502 We propose that it represents a novel species of the genus Micrococcus and suggest the name Micrococcus aloeverae sp. 25048212 8 24 theme A2 1047:1048 arg1 subunit 1064:1070 an 'A2 L-Lys-peptide subunit' 1043:1071 an 'A2 L-Lys-peptide subunit' type of peptidoglycan and ribose to be the major cell wall sugar 1043:1136 Cell wall analysis showed an 'A2 L-Lys-peptide subunit' type of peptidoglycan and ribose to be the major cell wall sugar. 25048212 3 25 theme pH 451:452 arg1 range 454:458 a pH range 449:458 a pH range of 5-12 449:466 Strain AE-6(T) grew at high salt concentrations [10% (w/v) NaCl], temperatures of 15-41 °C and a pH range of 5-12. 25048212 1 26 theme endophytic 50:59 arg1 actinobacterium 61:75 an endophytic actinobacterium 47:75 an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Aloe vera 47:99 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Aloe vera. 25048212 5 27 dep showed 723:728 arg1 related 750:756 related 750:756 related 750:756 Ribosomal protein profiling by MALDI-TOF/MS also showed it was most closely related to M. yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) and M. luteus NCTC 2665(T). 25048212 10 28 theme % 1302:1302 arg1 value 1281:1285 a value 1279:1285 a value of less than 70% 1279:1302 Results of DNA-DNA hybridization of AE-6(T) with its closest relatives from the genus Micrococcus produced a value of less than 70%. 25048212 12 29 theme genus 1486:1490 arg1 Micrococcus 1492:1502 the genus Micrococcus 1482:1502 the genus Micrococcus 1482:1502 We propose that it represents a novel species of the genus Micrococcus and suggest the name Micrococcus aloeverae sp. 25048212 1 30 theme Aloe 91:94 arg1 vera 96:99 Aloe vera 91:99 Aloe vera 91:99 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Aloe vera. 25048212 6 31 theme other 822:826 arg1 members 828:834 other members 822:834 other members of the genus Micrococcus 822:859 Like other members of the genus Micrococcus, strain AE-6(T) had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0). 25048212 8 32 theme peptidoglycan 1081:1093 arg1 type 1073:1076 an 'A2 L-Lys-peptide subunit' type 1043:1076 an 'A2 L-Lys-peptide subunit' type of peptidoglycan and ribose to be the major cell wall sugar 1043:1136 Cell wall analysis showed an 'A2 L-Lys-peptide subunit' type of peptidoglycan and ribose to be the major cell wall sugar. 25048212 3 33 theme % 405:405 arg1 NaCl 413:416 [10% (w/v) NaCl 402:416 [10% (w/v) NaCl 402:416 Strain AE-6(T) grew at high salt concentrations [10% (w/v) NaCl], temperatures of 15-41 °C and a pH range of 5-12. 25048212 0 34 theme Micrococcus 15:25 arg1 sp 37:38 Micrococcus aloeverae sp 15:38 Micrococcus aloeverae sp 15:38 Description of Micrococcus aloeverae sp. 25048212 3 35 theme °C 442:443 arg1 temperatures 420:431 temperatures 420:431 temperatures of 15-41 °C 420:443 Strain AE-6(T) grew at high salt concentrations [10% (w/v) NaCl], temperatures of 15-41 °C and a pH range of 5-12. 25048212 3 35 theme °C 442:443 arg1 range 454:458 a pH range 449:458 a pH range of 5-12 449:466 Strain AE-6(T) grew at high salt concentrations [10% (w/v) NaCl], temperatures of 15-41 °C and a pH range of 5-12. 25048212 5 36 theme M. 761:762 arg1 T 786:786 T 786:786 T 786:786 Ribosomal protein profiling by MALDI-TOF/MS also showed it was most closely related to M. yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) and M. luteus NCTC 2665(T). 25048212 5 36 theme M. 761:762 arg1 65004 780:784 M. yunnanensis YIM 65004 761:784 M. yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) 761:787 Ribosomal protein profiling by MALDI-TOF/MS also showed it was most closely related to M. yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) and M. luteus NCTC 2665(T). 25048212 2 37 theme endophytic 178:187 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 111:129 A yellow Gram-stain-positive 102:129 A yellow Gram-stain-positive 102:129 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 2 37 theme endophytic 178:187 arg1 actinobacterium 189:203 spherical endophytic actinobacterium 168:203 spherical endophytic actinobacterium 168:203 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 8 38 theme ribose 1099:1104 arg1 type 1073:1076 an 'A2 L-Lys-peptide subunit' type 1043:1076 an 'A2 L-Lys-peptide subunit' type of peptidoglycan and ribose to be the major cell wall sugar 1043:1136 Cell wall analysis showed an 'A2 L-Lys-peptide subunit' type of peptidoglycan and ribose to be the major cell wall sugar. 25048212 0 39 theme sp 37:38 arg1 Description 0:10 Description 0:10 Description of Micrococcus aloeverae sp. 0:39 Description of Micrococcus aloeverae sp. 25048212 5 40 theme NCTC 803:806 arg1 T 813:813 T 813:813 T 813:813 Ribosomal protein profiling by MALDI-TOF/MS also showed it was most closely related to M. yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) and M. luteus NCTC 2665(T). 25048212 5 40 theme NCTC 803:806 arg1 2665 808:811 M. luteus NCTC 2665 793:811 M. luteus NCTC 2665(T) 793:814 Ribosomal protein profiling by MALDI-TOF/MS also showed it was most closely related to M. yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) and M. luteus NCTC 2665(T). 25048212 7 41 theme predominant 984:994 arg1 quinones 1007:1014 the predominant isoprenoid quinones 980:1014 the predominant isoprenoid quinones 980:1014 MK-8(H2) and MK-8 were the predominant isoprenoid quinones. 25048212 7 41 theme predominant 984:994 arg1 MK-8 970:973 MK-8 970:973 MK-8 970:973 MK-8(H2) and MK-8 were the predominant isoprenoid quinones. 25048212 7 41 theme predominant 984:994 arg1 MK-8 957:960 MK-8 957:960 MK-8(H2) 957:964 MK-8(H2) and MK-8 were the predominant isoprenoid quinones. 25048212 10 42 theme DNA-DNA 1183:1189 arg1 hybridization 1191:1203 DNA-DNA hybridization 1183:1203 DNA-DNA hybridization of AE-6(T) with its closest relatives from the genus Micrococcus 1183:1268 Results of DNA-DNA hybridization of AE-6(T) with its closest relatives from the genus Micrococcus produced a value of less than 70%. 25048212 2 43 theme strain 217:222 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 111:129 A yellow Gram-stain-positive 102:129 A yellow Gram-stain-positive 102:129 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 2 43 theme strain 217:222 arg1 T 229:229 T 229:229 T 229:229 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 2 43 theme strain 217:222 arg1 AE-6 224:227 designated strain AE-6 206:227 designated strain AE-6(T) 206:230 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 8 44 theme major 1116:1120 arg1 sugar 1132:1136 the major cell wall sugar 1112:1136 the major cell wall sugar 1112:1136 Cell wall analysis showed an 'A2 L-Lys-peptide subunit' type of peptidoglycan and ribose to be the major cell wall sugar. 25048212 13 45 theme T 1590:1590 arg1 DSM 1595:1597 = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T) 1579:1606 = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T) 1579:1606 nov., with strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) as the type strain of the species. 25048212 13 45 theme T 1590:1590 arg1 T 1605:1605 T 1605:1605 T 1605:1605 nov., with strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) as the type strain of the species. 25048212 13 45 theme T 1590:1590 arg1 AE-6 1569:1572 strain AE-6 1562:1572 strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) 1562:1607 nov., with strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) as the type strain of the species. 25048212 11 46 theme strain 1341:1346 arg1 T 1353:1353 T 1353:1353 T 1353:1353 Based on the results of this study, strain AE-6(T) could be clearly differentiated from other members of the genus Micrococcus. 25048212 11 46 theme strain 1341:1346 arg1 AE-6 1348:1351 strain AE-6 1341:1351 strain AE-6(T) 1341:1354 Based on the results of this study, strain AE-6(T) could be clearly differentiated from other members of the genus Micrococcus. 25048212 8 47 theme wall 1127:1130 arg1 sugar 1132:1136 the major cell wall sugar 1112:1136 the major cell wall sugar 1112:1136 Cell wall analysis showed an 'A2 L-Lys-peptide subunit' type of peptidoglycan and ribose to be the major cell wall sugar. 25048212 5 48 theme M. 793:794 arg1 T 813:813 T 813:813 T 813:813 Ribosomal protein profiling by MALDI-TOF/MS also showed it was most closely related to M. yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) and M. luteus NCTC 2665(T). 25048212 5 48 theme M. 793:794 arg1 2665 808:811 M. luteus NCTC 2665 793:811 M. luteus NCTC 2665(T) 793:814 Ribosomal protein profiling by MALDI-TOF/MS also showed it was most closely related to M. yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) and M. luteus NCTC 2665(T). 25048212 13 49 theme = 1579:1579 arg1 DSM 1595:1597 = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T) 1579:1606 = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T) 1579:1606 nov., with strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) as the type strain of the species. 25048212 13 49 theme = 1579:1579 arg1 T 1605:1605 T 1605:1605 T 1605:1605 nov., with strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) as the type strain of the species. 25048212 13 49 theme = 1579:1579 arg1 AE-6 1569:1572 strain AE-6 1562:1572 strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) 1562:1607 nov., with strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) as the type strain of the species. 25048212 10 50 from Micrococcus 1258:1268 arg1 relatives 1233:1241 its closest relatives 1221:1241 its closest relatives from the genus Micrococcus 1221:1268 Results of DNA-DNA hybridization of AE-6(T) with its closest relatives from the genus Micrococcus produced a value of less than 70%. 25048212 6 51 theme genus 843:847 arg1 Micrococcus 849:859 the genus Micrococcus 839:859 the genus Micrococcus 839:859 Like other members of the genus Micrococcus, strain AE-6(T) had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0). 25048212 13 52 theme strain 1562:1567 arg1 DSM 1595:1597 = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T) 1579:1606 = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T) 1579:1606 nov., with strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) as the type strain of the species. 25048212 13 52 theme strain 1562:1567 arg1 T 1574:1574 T 1574:1574 T 1574:1574 nov., with strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) as the type strain of the species. 25048212 13 52 theme strain 1562:1567 arg1 AE-6 1569:1572 strain AE-6 1562:1572 strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) 1562:1607 nov., with strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) as the type strain of the species. 25048212 6 53 theme chain 908:912 arg1 iso-C15:0 927:935 iso-C15:0 927:935 iso-C15:0 927:935 Like other members of the genus Micrococcus, strain AE-6(T) had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0). 25048212 6 53 theme chain 908:912 arg1 acids 920:924 branched chain fatty acids 899:924 branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0) 899:954 Like other members of the genus Micrococcus, strain AE-6(T) had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0). 25048212 6 53 theme chain 908:912 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 941:953 anteiso-C15:0 941:953 anteiso-C15:0 941:953 Like other members of the genus Micrococcus, strain AE-6(T) had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0). 25048212 4 54 theme highest 479:485 arg1 similarity 518:527 highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 479:527 highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%) 479:671 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 2 55 theme non-endospore 144:156 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 111:129 A yellow Gram-stain-positive 102:129 A yellow Gram-stain-positive 102:129 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 2 55 theme non-endospore 144:156 arg1 -forming 158:165 non-endospore -forming 144:165 non-endospore -forming 144:165 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 2 56 theme fleshy 261:266 arg1 tissues 273:279 the inner fleshy leaf tissues 251:279 the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India 251:351 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 3 57 theme 5-12 463:466 arg1 temperatures 420:431 temperatures 420:431 temperatures of 15-41 °C 420:443 Strain AE-6(T) grew at high salt concentrations [10% (w/v) NaCl], temperatures of 15-41 °C and a pH range of 5-12. 25048212 3 57 theme 5-12 463:466 arg1 range 454:458 a pH range 449:458 a pH range of 5-12 449:466 Strain AE-6(T) grew at high salt concentrations [10% (w/v) NaCl], temperatures of 15-41 °C and a pH range of 5-12. 25048212 5 58 theme Ribosomal 674:682 arg1 profiling 692:700 Ribosomal protein profiling 674:700 Ribosomal protein profiling by MALDI-TOF/MS 674:716 Ribosomal protein profiling by MALDI-TOF/MS also showed it was most closely related to M. yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) and M. luteus NCTC 2665(T). 25048212 6 59 theme high 883:886 arg1 content 888:894 a high content 881:894 a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0) 881:954 Like other members of the genus Micrococcus, strain AE-6(T) had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0). 25048212 4 60 theme yunnanensis 546:556 arg1 T 568:568 T 568:568 T 568:568 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 4 60 theme yunnanensis 546:556 arg1 YIM 558:560 Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004 534:566 Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%) 534:671 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 11 61 theme genus 1414:1418 arg1 Micrococcus 1420:1430 the genus Micrococcus 1410:1430 the genus Micrococcus 1410:1430 Based on the results of this study, strain AE-6(T) could be clearly differentiated from other members of the genus Micrococcus. 25048212 2 62 theme Aloe 284:287 arg1 barbadensis 289:299 Aloe barbadensis 284:299 Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India 284:351 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 2 62 theme Aloe 284:287 arg1 vera 307:310 Aloe vera 302:310 Aloe vera 302:310 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 9 63 theme G+C 1147:1149 arg1 content 1151:1157 The DNA G+C content 1139:1157 The DNA G+C content 1139:1157 The DNA G+C content was 70 mol%. 25048212 9 63 theme G+C 1147:1149 arg1 % 1169:1169 70 mol% 1163:1169 70 mol% 1163:1169 The DNA G+C content was 70 mol%. 25048212 4 64 theme rRNA 499:502 arg1 similarity 518:527 highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 479:527 highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%) 479:671 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 4 65 dep highest 479:485 arg1 % 492:492 99.7% 488:492 99.7% 488:492 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 5 66 theme protein 684:690 arg1 profiling 692:700 Ribosomal protein profiling 674:700 Ribosomal protein profiling by MALDI-TOF/MS 674:716 Ribosomal protein profiling by MALDI-TOF/MS also showed it was most closely related to M. yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) and M. luteus NCTC 2665(T). 25048212 4 67 theme sequence 509:516 arg1 similarity 518:527 highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 479:527 highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%) 479:671 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 9 68 theme mol 1166:1168 arg1 content 1151:1157 The DNA G+C content 1139:1157 The DNA G+C content 1139:1157 The DNA G+C content was 70 mol%. 25048212 9 68 theme mol 1166:1168 arg1 % 1169:1169 70 mol% 1163:1169 70 mol% 1163:1169 The DNA G+C content was 70 mol%. 25048212 6 69 dep acids 920:924 arg1 iso-C15:0 927:935 iso-C15:0 927:935 iso-C15:0 927:935 Like other members of the genus Micrococcus, strain AE-6(T) had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0). 25048212 6 69 dep acids 920:924 arg1 acids 920:924 branched chain fatty acids 899:924 branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0) 899:954 Like other members of the genus Micrococcus, strain AE-6(T) had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0). 25048212 6 69 dep acids 920:924 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 941:953 anteiso-C15:0 941:953 anteiso-C15:0 941:953 Like other members of the genus Micrococcus, strain AE-6(T) had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0). 25048212 11 70 theme study 1334:1338 arg1 results 1318:1324 the results 1314:1324 the results of this study 1314:1338 Based on the results of this study, strain AE-6(T) could be clearly differentiated from other members of the genus Micrococcus. 25048212 4 71 theme Micrococcus 583:593 arg1 T 612:612 T 612:612 T 612:612 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 4 71 theme Micrococcus 583:593 arg1 2665 607:610 Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665 583:610 Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) 583:621 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 4 71 theme Micrococcus 583:593 arg1 % 620:620 99.6% 616:620 99.6% 616:620 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 6 72 theme acids 920:924 arg1 content 888:894 a high content 881:894 a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0) 881:954 Like other members of the genus Micrococcus, strain AE-6(T) had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0). 25048212 8 73 theme wall 1022:1025 arg1 analysis 1027:1034 Cell wall analysis 1017:1034 Cell wall analysis 1017:1034 Cell wall analysis showed an 'A2 L-Lys-peptide subunit' type of peptidoglycan and ribose to be the major cell wall sugar. 25048212 12 74 theme name 1520:1523 arg1 sp 1547:1548 the name Micrococcus aloeverae sp 1516:1548 the name Micrococcus aloeverae sp 1516:1548 We propose that it represents a novel species of the genus Micrococcus and suggest the name Micrococcus aloeverae sp. 25048212 12 75 theme Micrococcus 1525:1535 arg1 sp 1547:1548 the name Micrococcus aloeverae sp 1516:1548 the name Micrococcus aloeverae sp 1516:1548 We propose that it represents a novel species of the genus Micrococcus and suggest the name Micrococcus aloeverae sp. 25048212 11 76 theme other 1393:1397 arg1 members 1399:1405 other members 1393:1405 other members of the genus Micrococcus 1393:1430 Based on the results of this study, strain AE-6(T) could be clearly differentiated from other members of the genus Micrococcus. 25048212 12 77 theme aloeverae 1537:1545 arg1 sp 1547:1548 the name Micrococcus aloeverae sp 1516:1548 the name Micrococcus aloeverae sp 1516:1548 We propose that it represents a novel species of the genus Micrococcus and suggest the name Micrococcus aloeverae sp. 25048212 5 78 theme yunnanensis 764:774 arg1 T 786:786 T 786:786 T 786:786 Ribosomal protein profiling by MALDI-TOF/MS also showed it was most closely related to M. yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) and M. luteus NCTC 2665(T). 25048212 5 78 theme yunnanensis 764:774 arg1 65004 780:784 M. yunnanensis YIM 65004 761:784 M. yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) 761:787 Ribosomal protein profiling by MALDI-TOF/MS also showed it was most closely related to M. yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) and M. luteus NCTC 2665(T). 25048212 10 79 with hybridization 1191:1203 arg1 relatives 1233:1241 its closest relatives 1221:1241 its closest relatives from the genus Micrococcus 1221:1268 Results of DNA-DNA hybridization of AE-6(T) with its closest relatives from the genus Micrococcus produced a value of less than 70%. 25048212 5 80 theme YIM 776:778 arg1 T 786:786 T 786:786 T 786:786 Ribosomal protein profiling by MALDI-TOF/MS also showed it was most closely related to M. yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) and M. luteus NCTC 2665(T). 25048212 5 80 theme YIM 776:778 arg1 65004 780:784 M. yunnanensis YIM 65004 761:784 M. yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) 761:787 Ribosomal protein profiling by MALDI-TOF/MS also showed it was most closely related to M. yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) and M. luteus NCTC 2665(T). 25048212 13 81 theme = 1593:1593 arg1 DSM 1595:1597 = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T) 1579:1606 = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T) 1579:1606 nov., with strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) as the type strain of the species. 25048212 13 81 theme = 1593:1593 arg1 T 1605:1605 T 1605:1605 T 1605:1605 nov., with strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) as the type strain of the species. 25048212 13 81 theme = 1593:1593 arg1 AE-6 1569:1572 strain AE-6 1562:1572 strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) 1562:1607 nov., with strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) as the type strain of the species. 25048212 12 82 theme Micrococcus 1492:1502 arg1 species 1471:1477 a novel species 1463:1477 a novel species of the genus Micrococcus 1463:1502 We propose that it represents a novel species of the genus Micrococcus and suggest the name Micrococcus aloeverae sp. 25048212 8 83 theme L-Lys-peptide 1050:1062 arg1 subunit 1064:1070 an 'A2 L-Lys-peptide subunit' 1043:1071 an 'A2 L-Lys-peptide subunit' type of peptidoglycan and ribose to be the major cell wall sugar 1043:1136 Cell wall analysis showed an 'A2 L-Lys-peptide subunit' type of peptidoglycan and ribose to be the major cell wall sugar. 25048212 3 84 theme salt 382:385 arg1 concentrations 387:400 high salt concentrations 377:400 high salt concentrations 377:400 Strain AE-6(T) grew at high salt concentrations [10% (w/v) NaCl], temperatures of 15-41 °C and a pH range of 5-12. 25048212 4 85 theme NCTC 602:605 arg1 T 612:612 T 612:612 T 612:612 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 4 85 theme NCTC 602:605 arg1 2665 607:610 Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665 583:610 Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) 583:621 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 4 85 theme NCTC 602:605 arg1 % 620:620 99.6% 616:620 99.6% 616:620 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 0 86 theme aloeverae 27:35 arg1 sp 37:38 Micrococcus aloeverae sp 15:38 Micrococcus aloeverae sp 15:38 Description of Micrococcus aloeverae sp. 25048212 4 87 theme endophyticus 639:650 arg1 % 670:670 99.0% 666:670 99.0% 666:670 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 4 87 theme endophyticus 639:650 arg1 YIM 652:654 Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238 627:660 Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%) 627:671 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 4 87 theme endophyticus 639:650 arg1 T 662:662 T 662:662 T 662:662 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 8 88 theme subunit 1064:1070 arg1 type 1073:1076 an 'A2 L-Lys-peptide subunit' type 1043:1076 an 'A2 L-Lys-peptide subunit' type of peptidoglycan and ribose to be the major cell wall sugar 1043:1136 Cell wall analysis showed an 'A2 L-Lys-peptide subunit' type of peptidoglycan and ribose to be the major cell wall sugar. 25048212 5 89 theme luteus 796:801 arg1 T 813:813 T 813:813 T 813:813 Ribosomal protein profiling by MALDI-TOF/MS also showed it was most closely related to M. yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) and M. luteus NCTC 2665(T). 25048212 5 89 theme luteus 796:801 arg1 2665 808:811 M. luteus NCTC 2665 793:811 M. luteus NCTC 2665(T) 793:814 Ribosomal protein profiling by MALDI-TOF/MS also showed it was most closely related to M. yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) and M. luteus NCTC 2665(T). 25048212 7 90 theme isoprenoid 996:1005 arg1 quinones 1007:1014 the predominant isoprenoid quinones 980:1014 the predominant isoprenoid quinones 980:1014 MK-8(H2) and MK-8 were the predominant isoprenoid quinones. 25048212 7 90 theme isoprenoid 996:1005 arg1 MK-8 970:973 MK-8 970:973 MK-8 970:973 MK-8(H2) and MK-8 were the predominant isoprenoid quinones. 25048212 7 90 theme isoprenoid 996:1005 arg1 MK-8 957:960 MK-8 957:960 MK-8(H2) 957:964 MK-8(H2) and MK-8 were the predominant isoprenoid quinones. 25048212 3 91 theme high 377:380 arg1 concentrations 387:400 high salt concentrations 377:400 high salt concentrations 377:400 Strain AE-6(T) grew at high salt concentrations [10% (w/v) NaCl], temperatures of 15-41 °C and a pH range of 5-12. 25048212 2 92 theme spherical 168:176 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 111:129 A yellow Gram-stain-positive 102:129 A yellow Gram-stain-positive 102:129 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 2 92 theme spherical 168:176 arg1 actinobacterium 189:203 spherical endophytic actinobacterium 168:203 spherical endophytic actinobacterium 168:203 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 13 93 theme MCC 1581:1583 arg1 DSM 1595:1597 = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T) 1579:1606 = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T) 1579:1606 nov., with strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) as the type strain of the species. 25048212 13 93 theme MCC 1581:1583 arg1 T 1605:1605 T 1605:1605 T 1605:1605 nov., with strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) as the type strain of the species. 25048212 13 93 theme MCC 1581:1583 arg1 AE-6 1569:1572 strain AE-6 1562:1572 strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) 1562:1607 nov., with strain AE-6(T) ( = MCC 2184(T) = DSM 27472(T)) as the type strain of the species. 25048212 3 94 theme [10 402:404 arg1 % 405:405 % 405:405 % 405:405 Strain AE-6(T) grew at high salt concentrations [10% (w/v) NaCl], temperatures of 15-41 °C and a pH range of 5-12. 25048212 10 95 theme hybridization 1191:1203 arg1 Results 1172:1178 Results 1172:1178 Results of DNA-DNA hybridization of AE-6(T) with its closest relatives from the genus Micrococcus 1172:1268 Results of DNA-DNA hybridization of AE-6(T) with its closest relatives from the genus Micrococcus produced a value of less than 70%. 25048212 4 96 with similarity 518:527 arg1 T 568:568 T 568:568 T 568:568 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 4 96 with similarity 518:527 arg1 YIM 558:560 Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004 534:566 Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%) 534:671 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 4 97 theme Micrococcus 627:637 arg1 % 670:670 99.0% 666:670 99.0% 666:670 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 4 97 theme Micrococcus 627:637 arg1 YIM 652:654 Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238 627:660 Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%) 627:671 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 4 97 theme Micrococcus 627:637 arg1 T 662:662 T 662:662 T 662:662 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 2 98 theme designated 206:215 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 111:129 A yellow Gram-stain-positive 102:129 A yellow Gram-stain-positive 102:129 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 2 98 theme designated 206:215 arg1 T 229:229 T 229:229 T 229:229 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 2 98 theme designated 206:215 arg1 AE-6 224:227 designated strain AE-6 206:227 designated strain AE-6(T) 206:230 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 2 99 theme Aloe 302:305 arg1 barbadensis 289:299 Aloe barbadensis 284:299 Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India 284:351 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 2 99 theme Aloe 302:305 arg1 vera 307:310 Aloe vera 302:310 Aloe vera 302:310 A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6(T), was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. 25048212 3 100 dep % 405:405 arg1 w/v 408:410 w/v 408:410 w/v 408:410 Strain AE-6(T) grew at high salt concentrations [10% (w/v) NaCl], temperatures of 15-41 °C and a pH range of 5-12. 25048212 6 101 theme strain 862:867 arg1 T 874:874 T 874:874 T 874:874 Like other members of the genus Micrococcus, strain AE-6(T) had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0). 25048212 6 101 theme strain 862:867 arg1 AE-6 869:872 strain AE-6 862:872 strain AE-6(T) 862:875 Like other members of the genus Micrococcus, strain AE-6(T) had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0). 25048212 4 102 theme 16S 495:497 arg1 similarity 518:527 highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 479:527 highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%) 479:671 It showed highest (99.7%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004(T) followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665(T) (99.6%) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238(T) (99.0%). 25048212 8 103 theme cell 1122:1125 arg1 sugar 1132:1136 the major cell wall sugar 1112:1136 the major cell wall sugar 1112:1136 Cell wall analysis showed an 'A2 L-Lys-peptide subunit' type of peptidoglycan and ribose to be the major cell wall sugar. 28820124 9 0 theme % 1175:1175 arg1 value 1187:1191 the 96 % threshold value 1168:1191 the 96 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species 1168:1238 The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-27215T and the type strains of closely related species were much lower than the 96 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species. 28820124 6 1 theme main 610:613 arg1 lipids 621:626 The main polar lipids 606:626 The main polar lipids 606:626 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. 28820124 6 1 theme main 610:613 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 633:654 diphosphatidylglycerol 633:654 diphosphatidylglycerol 633:654 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. 28820124 8 2 dep Bacillus 873:880 arg1 encimensis 882:891 encimensis 882:891 encimensis 882:891 Strain FJAT-27215T showed high sequence similarities to Bacillus encimensis SGD-V-25T (98.6 %), Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T (98.6 %), Domibacillus indicus SD111T (96.9 %) and Bacillus thermotolerans SgZ-8T (96.5 %). 28820124 11 3 dep name 1605:1608 arg1 sp 1636:1637 Bacillus wudalianchiensis sp 1610:1637 the name Bacillus wudalianchiensis sp 1601:1637 The phenotypic characters and taxono-genomics study revealed that strain FJAT-27215T represents a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus wudalianchiensis sp. 28820124 2 4 theme Gram-stain-positive 96:114 arg1 bacterium 156:164 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 94:164 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 94:164 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated FJAT-27215T, was isolated from grass soil collected from Wudalianchi in the Heilongjiang Province of China. 28820124 10 5 theme B. 1347:1348 arg1 SGD-V-25T 1361:1369 the most closely related strain B. encimensis SGD-V-25T 1315:1369 the most closely related strain B. encimensis SGD-V-25T 1315:1369 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27215T and the most closely related strain B. encimensis SGD-V-25T showed a similarity of 22.4 % and lower than 70 %, indicating that they belong to different taxa. 28820124 10 6 theme related 1332:1338 arg1 SGD-V-25T 1361:1369 the most closely related strain B. encimensis SGD-V-25T 1315:1369 the most closely related strain B. encimensis SGD-V-25T 1315:1369 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27215T and the most closely related strain B. encimensis SGD-V-25T showed a similarity of 22.4 % and lower than 70 %, indicating that they belong to different taxa. 28820124 8 7 dep Domibacillus 951:962 arg1 indicus 964:970 indicus 964:970 indicus 964:970 Strain FJAT-27215T showed high sequence similarities to Bacillus encimensis SGD-V-25T (98.6 %), Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T (98.6 %), Domibacillus indicus SD111T (96.9 %) and Bacillus thermotolerans SgZ-8T (96.5 %). 28820124 9 8 theme type 1107:1110 arg1 lower 1157:1161 lower 1157:1161 lower 1157:1161 The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-27215T and the type strains of closely related species were much lower than the 96 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species. 28820124 9 8 theme type 1107:1110 arg1 strains 1112:1118 the type strains 1103:1118 the type strains of closely related species 1103:1145 The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-27215T and the type strains of closely related species were much lower than the 96 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species. 28820124 3 9 dep % 348:348 arg1 3.0  344:347 3.0  344:347 3.0  344:347 Growth was observed at 10-60 °C (optimum 30 °C), in 0 and 3.0 % NaCl (optimum 0 %) and at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0), respectively. 28820124 3 9 dep % 348:348 arg1 0 338:338 0 338:338 0 338:338 Growth was observed at 10-60 °C (optimum 30 °C), in 0 and 3.0 % NaCl (optimum 0 %) and at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0), respectively. 28820124 9 10 theme strain 1080:1085 arg1 FJAT-27215T 1087:1097 strain FJAT-27215T 1080:1097 strain FJAT-27215T 1080:1097 The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-27215T and the type strains of closely related species were much lower than the 96 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species. 28820124 1 11 theme grass 50:54 arg1 soils 56:60 grass soils 50:60 grass soils of the Wudalianchi scenic area 50:91 nov., isolated from grass soils of the Wudalianchi scenic area. 28820124 10 12 theme in 1245:1246 arg1 hybridization 1263:1275 in silico DNA-DNA hybridization 1245:1275 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27215T and the most closely related strain B. encimensis SGD-V-25T 1241:1369 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27215T and the most closely related strain B. encimensis SGD-V-25T showed a similarity of 22.4 % and lower than 70 %, indicating that they belong to different taxa. 28820124 8 13 theme sequence 848:855 arg1 similarities 857:868 high sequence similarities 843:868 high sequence similarities to Bacillus encimensis SGD-V-25T (98.6 %), Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T (98.6 %), Domibacillus indicus SD111T (96.9 %) and Bacillus thermotolerans SgZ-8T (96.5 %) 843:1030 Strain FJAT-27215T showed high sequence similarities to Bacillus encimensis SGD-V-25T (98.6 %), Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T (98.6 %), Domibacillus indicus SD111T (96.9 %) and Bacillus thermotolerans SgZ-8T (96.5 %). 28820124 10 14 theme hybridization 1263:1275 arg1 values 1277:1282 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values 1241:1282 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27215T and the most closely related strain B. encimensis SGD-V-25T 1241:1369 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27215T and the most closely related strain B. encimensis SGD-V-25T showed a similarity of 22.4 % and lower than 70 %, indicating that they belong to different taxa. 28820124 11 15 theme Bacillus 1573:1580 arg1 species 1582:1588 a novel Bacillus species 1565:1588 a novel Bacillus species 1565:1588 The phenotypic characters and taxono-genomics study revealed that strain FJAT-27215T represents a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus wudalianchiensis sp. 28820124 3 16 dep NaCl 350:353 arg1 % 348:348 % 348:348 % 348:348 Growth was observed at 10-60 °C (optimum 30 °C), in 0 and 3.0 % NaCl (optimum 0 %) and at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0), respectively. 28820124 11 17 theme taxono-genomics 1499:1513 arg1 study 1515:1519 taxono-genomics study 1499:1519 taxono-genomics study 1499:1519 The phenotypic characters and taxono-genomics study revealed that strain FJAT-27215T represents a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus wudalianchiensis sp. 28820124 2 18 theme China 279:283 arg1 Province 267:274 the Heilongjiang Province 250:274 the Heilongjiang Province of China 250:283 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated FJAT-27215T, was isolated from grass soil collected from Wudalianchi in the Heilongjiang Province of China. 28820124 8 19 theme Bacillus 913:920 arg1 15713T 934:939 Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T 913:939 Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T (98.6 %) 913:948 Strain FJAT-27215T showed high sequence similarities to Bacillus encimensis SGD-V-25T (98.6 %), Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T (98.6 %), Domibacillus indicus SD111T (96.9 %) and Bacillus thermotolerans SgZ-8T (96.5 %). 28820124 8 19 theme Bacillus 913:920 arg1 % 947:947 98.6 % 942:947 98.6 % 942:947 Strain FJAT-27215T showed high sequence similarities to Bacillus encimensis SGD-V-25T (98.6 %), Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T (98.6 %), Domibacillus indicus SD111T (96.9 %) and Bacillus thermotolerans SgZ-8T (96.5 %). 28820124 7 20 theme 16S 740:742 arg1 sequences 754:762 16S rRNA gene sequences 740:762 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated strain FJAT-27215T to the genus Bacillus 740:814 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated strain FJAT-27215T to the genus Bacillus. 28820124 2 21 attach isolated 195:202 arg2 bacterium 156:164 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 94:164 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 94:164 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated FJAT-27215T, was isolated from grass soil collected from Wudalianchi in the Heilongjiang Province of China. 28820124 2 21 attach isolated 195:202 arg1 soil 215:218 grass soil 209:218 grass soil collected from Wudalianchi in the Heilongjiang Province of China 209:283 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated FJAT-27215T, was isolated from grass soil collected from Wudalianchi in the Heilongjiang Province of China. 28820124 10 22 dep B. 1347:1348 arg1 encimensis 1350:1359 encimensis 1350:1359 encimensis 1350:1359 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27215T and the most closely related strain B. encimensis SGD-V-25T showed a similarity of 22.4 % and lower than 70 %, indicating that they belong to different taxa. 28820124 8 23 dep Bacillus 992:999 arg1 thermotolerans 1001:1014 thermotolerans 1001:1014 thermotolerans 1001:1014 Strain FJAT-27215T showed high sequence similarities to Bacillus encimensis SGD-V-25T (98.6 %), Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T (98.6 %), Domibacillus indicus SD111T (96.9 %) and Bacillus thermotolerans SgZ-8T (96.5 %). 28820124 7 24 theme strain 775:780 arg1 FJAT-27215T 782:792 strain FJAT-27215T 775:792 strain FJAT-27215T 775:792 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated strain FJAT-27215T to the genus Bacillus. 28820124 0 25 theme wudalianchiensis 9:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Bacillus wudalianchiensis sp 0:27 Bacillus wudalianchiensis sp. 0:28 Bacillus wudalianchiensis sp. 28820124 9 26 theme genomic 1212:1218 arg1 species 1232:1238 genomic prokaryotic species 1212:1238 genomic prokaryotic species 1212:1238 The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-27215T and the type strains of closely related species were much lower than the 96 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species. 28820124 10 27 theme different 1453:1461 arg1 taxa 1463:1466 different taxa 1453:1466 different taxa 1453:1466 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27215T and the most closely related strain B. encimensis SGD-V-25T showed a similarity of 22.4 % and lower than 70 %, indicating that they belong to different taxa. 28820124 8 28 theme NBRC 929:932 arg1 15713T 934:939 Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T 913:939 Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T (98.6 %) 913:948 Strain FJAT-27215T showed high sequence similarities to Bacillus encimensis SGD-V-25T (98.6 %), Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T (98.6 %), Domibacillus indicus SD111T (96.9 %) and Bacillus thermotolerans SgZ-8T (96.5 %). 28820124 8 28 theme NBRC 929:932 arg1 % 947:947 98.6 % 942:947 98.6 % 942:947 Strain FJAT-27215T showed high sequence similarities to Bacillus encimensis SGD-V-25T (98.6 %), Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T (98.6 %), Domibacillus indicus SD111T (96.9 %) and Bacillus thermotolerans SgZ-8T (96.5 %). 28820124 1 29 theme Wudalianchi 69:79 arg1 area 88:91 the Wudalianchi scenic area 65:91 the Wudalianchi scenic area 65:91 nov., isolated from grass soils of the Wudalianchi scenic area. 28820124 0 30 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 26:27 Bacillus wudalianchiensis sp 0:27 Bacillus wudalianchiensis sp. 0:28 Bacillus wudalianchiensis sp. 28820124 9 31 theme prokaryotic 1220:1230 arg1 species 1232:1238 genomic prokaryotic species 1212:1238 genomic prokaryotic species 1212:1238 The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-27215T and the type strains of closely related species were much lower than the 96 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species. 28820124 5 32 theme main 520:523 arg1  0 602:603  0 602:603  0 602:603 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 32 theme main 520:523 arg1  0 551:552  0 551:552  0 551:552 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 32 theme main 520:523 arg1 anteiso-C15  555:566 anteiso-C15  555:566 anteiso-C15  555:566 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 32 theme main 520:523 arg1  0 585:586  0 585:586  0 585:586 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 32 theme main 520:523 arg1 acids 531:535 The main fatty acids 516:535 The main fatty acids 516:535 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 32 theme main 520:523 arg1 iso-C16  593:600 iso-C16  593:600 iso-C16  593:600 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 32 theme main 520:523 arg1 iso-C15  542:549 iso-C15  542:549 iso-C15  542:549 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 32 theme main 520:523 arg1  0 568:569  0 568:569  0 568:569 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 32 theme main 520:523 arg1 anteiso-C17  572:583 anteiso-C17  572:583 anteiso-C17  572:583 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 1 33 theme scenic 81:86 arg1 area 88:91 the Wudalianchi scenic area 65:91 the Wudalianchi scenic area 65:91 nov., isolated from grass soils of the Wudalianchi scenic area. 28820124 13 34 theme type 1662:1665 arg1 FJAT-27215T 1677:1687 FJAT-27215T 1677:1687 FJAT-27215T (=CCTCC AB 2015266T=DSM 100757T) 1677:1720 The type strain is FJAT-27215T (=CCTCC AB 2015266T=DSM 100757T). 28820124 13 34 theme type 1662:1665 arg1 strain 1667:1672 The type strain 1658:1672 The type strain 1658:1672 The type strain is FJAT-27215T (=CCTCC AB 2015266T=DSM 100757T). 28820124 4 35 theme isoprenoid 488:497 arg1 quinone 499:505 the isoprenoid quinone 484:505 the isoprenoid quinone 484:505 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the isoprenoid quinone was MK7. 28820124 10 36 theme strain 1340:1345 arg1 SGD-V-25T 1361:1369 the most closely related strain B. encimensis SGD-V-25T 1315:1369 the most closely related strain B. encimensis SGD-V-25T 1315:1369 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27215T and the most closely related strain B. encimensis SGD-V-25T showed a similarity of 22.4 % and lower than 70 %, indicating that they belong to different taxa. 28820124 5 37 theme fatty 525:529 arg1  0 602:603  0 602:603  0 602:603 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 37 theme fatty 525:529 arg1  0 551:552  0 551:552  0 551:552 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 37 theme fatty 525:529 arg1 anteiso-C15  555:566 anteiso-C15  555:566 anteiso-C15  555:566 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 37 theme fatty 525:529 arg1  0 585:586  0 585:586  0 585:586 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 37 theme fatty 525:529 arg1 acids 531:535 The main fatty acids 516:535 The main fatty acids 516:535 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 37 theme fatty 525:529 arg1 iso-C16  593:600 iso-C16  593:600 iso-C16  593:600 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 37 theme fatty 525:529 arg1 iso-C15  542:549 iso-C15  542:549 iso-C15  542:549 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 37 theme fatty 525:529 arg1  0 568:569  0 568:569  0 568:569 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 37 theme fatty 525:529 arg1 anteiso-C17  572:583 anteiso-C17  572:583 anteiso-C17  572:583 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 1 38 theme area 88:91 arg1 soils 56:60 grass soils 50:60 grass soils of the Wudalianchi scenic area 50:91 nov., isolated from grass soils of the Wudalianchi scenic area. 28820124 8 39 dep Bacillus 913:920 arg1 badius 922:927 badius 922:927 badius 922:927 Strain FJAT-27215T showed high sequence similarities to Bacillus encimensis SGD-V-25T (98.6 %), Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T (98.6 %), Domibacillus indicus SD111T (96.9 %) and Bacillus thermotolerans SgZ-8T (96.5 %). 28820124 10 40 theme DNA-DNA 1255:1261 arg1 hybridization 1263:1275 in silico DNA-DNA hybridization 1245:1275 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27215T and the most closely related strain B. encimensis SGD-V-25T 1241:1369 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27215T and the most closely related strain B. encimensis SGD-V-25T showed a similarity of 22.4 % and lower than 70 %, indicating that they belong to different taxa. 28820124 10 41 theme % 1399:1399 arg1 similarity 1380:1389 a similarity 1378:1389 a similarity of 22.4 % and lower than 70 % 1378:1419 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27215T and the most closely related strain B. encimensis SGD-V-25T showed a similarity of 22.4 % and lower than 70 %, indicating that they belong to different taxa. 28820124 13 42 theme 2015266T=DSM 1700:1711 arg1 100757T 1713:1719 =CCTCC AB 2015266T=DSM 100757T 1690:1719 =CCTCC AB 2015266T=DSM 100757T 1690:1719 The type strain is FJAT-27215T (=CCTCC AB 2015266T=DSM 100757T). 28820124 13 42 theme 2015266T=DSM 1700:1711 arg1 FJAT-27215T 1677:1687 FJAT-27215T 1677:1687 FJAT-27215T (=CCTCC AB 2015266T=DSM 100757T) 1677:1720 The type strain is FJAT-27215T (=CCTCC AB 2015266T=DSM 100757T). 28820124 8 43 theme high 843:846 arg1 similarities 857:868 high sequence similarities 843:868 high sequence similarities to Bacillus encimensis SGD-V-25T (98.6 %), Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T (98.6 %), Domibacillus indicus SD111T (96.9 %) and Bacillus thermotolerans SgZ-8T (96.5 %) 843:1030 Strain FJAT-27215T showed high sequence similarities to Bacillus encimensis SGD-V-25T (98.6 %), Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T (98.6 %), Domibacillus indicus SD111T (96.9 %) and Bacillus thermotolerans SgZ-8T (96.5 %). 28820124 7 44 theme rRNA 744:747 arg1 sequences 754:762 16S rRNA gene sequences 740:762 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated strain FJAT-27215T to the genus Bacillus 740:814 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated strain FJAT-27215T to the genus Bacillus. 28820124 3 45 theme 0  364:365 arg1 NaCl 350:353 0 and 3.0 % NaCl 338:353 0 and 3.0 % NaCl (optimum 0 %) 338:367 Growth was observed at 10-60 °C (optimum 30 °C), in 0 and 3.0 % NaCl (optimum 0 %) and at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0), respectively. 28820124 3 45 theme 0  364:365 arg1 % 366:366 optimum 0 % 356:366 optimum 0 % 356:366 Growth was observed at 10-60 °C (optimum 30 °C), in 0 and 3.0 % NaCl (optimum 0 %) and at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0), respectively. 28820124 10 46 dep in 1245:1246 arg1 silico 1248:1253 silico 1248:1253 silico 1248:1253 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27215T and the most closely related strain B. encimensis SGD-V-25T showed a similarity of 22.4 % and lower than 70 %, indicating that they belong to different taxa. 28820124 8 47 theme Bacillus 992:999 arg1 SgZ-8T 1016:1021 Bacillus thermotolerans SgZ-8T 992:1021 Bacillus thermotolerans SgZ-8T (96.5 %) 992:1030 Strain FJAT-27215T showed high sequence similarities to Bacillus encimensis SGD-V-25T (98.6 %), Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T (98.6 %), Domibacillus indicus SD111T (96.9 %) and Bacillus thermotolerans SgZ-8T (96.5 %). 28820124 8 47 theme Bacillus 992:999 arg1 % 1029:1029 96.5 % 1024:1029 96.5 % 1024:1029 Strain FJAT-27215T showed high sequence similarities to Bacillus encimensis SGD-V-25T (98.6 %), Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T (98.6 %), Domibacillus indicus SD111T (96.9 %) and Bacillus thermotolerans SgZ-8T (96.5 %). 28820124 9 48 theme related 1131:1137 arg1 species 1139:1145 closely related species 1123:1145 closely related species 1123:1145 The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-27215T and the type strains of closely related species were much lower than the 96 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species. 28820124 7 49 theme gene 749:752 arg1 sequences 754:762 16S rRNA gene sequences 740:762 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated strain FJAT-27215T to the genus Bacillus 740:814 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated strain FJAT-27215T to the genus Bacillus. 28820124 2 50 dep Gram-stain-positive 96:114 arg1 endospore-forming 129:145 endospore-forming 129:145 endospore-forming 129:145 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated FJAT-27215T, was isolated from grass soil collected from Wudalianchi in the Heilongjiang Province of China. 28820124 2 50 dep Gram-stain-positive 96:114 arg1 rod-shaped 117:126 rod-shaped 117:126 rod-shaped 117:126 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated FJAT-27215T, was isolated from grass soil collected from Wudalianchi in the Heilongjiang Province of China. 28820124 2 50 dep Gram-stain-positive 96:114 arg1 aerobic 148:154 aerobic 148:154 aerobic 148:154 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated FJAT-27215T, was isolated from grass soil collected from Wudalianchi in the Heilongjiang Province of China. 28820124 9 51 theme species 1139:1145 arg1 lower 1157:1161 lower 1157:1161 lower 1157:1161 The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-27215T and the type strains of closely related species were much lower than the 96 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species. 28820124 9 51 theme species 1139:1145 arg1 strains 1112:1118 the type strains 1103:1118 the type strains of closely related species 1103:1145 The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-27215T and the type strains of closely related species were much lower than the 96 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species. 28820124 9 51 theme species 1139:1145 arg1 values 1065:1070 The average nucleotide identity values 1033:1070 The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-27215T 1033:1097 The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-27215T and the type strains of closely related species were much lower than the 96 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species. 28820124 9 52 theme species 1232:1238 arg1 delineation 1197:1207 delineation 1197:1207 delineation of genomic prokaryotic species 1197:1238 The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-27215T and the type strains of closely related species were much lower than the 96 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species. 28820124 11 53 theme phenotypic 1473:1482 arg1 characters 1484:1493 The phenotypic characters 1469:1493 The phenotypic characters 1469:1493 The phenotypic characters and taxono-genomics study revealed that strain FJAT-27215T represents a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus wudalianchiensis sp. 28820124 13 54 theme =CCTCC 1690:1695 arg1 100757T 1713:1719 =CCTCC AB 2015266T=DSM 100757T 1690:1719 =CCTCC AB 2015266T=DSM 100757T 1690:1719 The type strain is FJAT-27215T (=CCTCC AB 2015266T=DSM 100757T). 28820124 13 54 theme =CCTCC 1690:1695 arg1 FJAT-27215T 1677:1687 FJAT-27215T 1677:1687 FJAT-27215T (=CCTCC AB 2015266T=DSM 100757T) 1677:1720 The type strain is FJAT-27215T (=CCTCC AB 2015266T=DSM 100757T). 28820124 4 55 theme meso-diaminopimelic 455:473 arg1 acid 475:478 meso-diaminopimelic acid 455:478 meso-diaminopimelic acid 455:478 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the isoprenoid quinone was MK7. 28820124 10 56 theme % 1419:1419 arg1 similarity 1380:1389 a similarity 1378:1389 a similarity of 22.4 % and lower than 70 % 1378:1419 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27215T and the most closely related strain B. encimensis SGD-V-25T showed a similarity of 22.4 % and lower than 70 %, indicating that they belong to different taxa. 28820124 3 57 located observed 297:304 arg1 10-60 °C 309:316 10-60 °C 309:316 10-60 °C (optimum 30 °C) 309:332 Growth was observed at 10-60 °C (optimum 30 °C), in 0 and 3.0 % NaCl (optimum 0 %) and at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0), respectively. 28820124 3 57 located observed 297:304 arg1 30 °C 327:331 optimum 30 °C 319:331 optimum 30 °C 319:331 Growth was observed at 10-60 °C (optimum 30 °C), in 0 and 3.0 % NaCl (optimum 0 %) and at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0), respectively. 28820124 3 57 located observed 297:304 arg2 Growth 286:291 Growth 286:291 Growth 286:291 Growth was observed at 10-60 °C (optimum 30 °C), in 0 and 3.0 % NaCl (optimum 0 %) and at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0), respectively. 28820124 11 58 theme strain 1535:1540 arg1 FJAT-27215T 1542:1552 strain FJAT-27215T 1535:1552 strain FJAT-27215T 1535:1552 The phenotypic characters and taxono-genomics study revealed that strain FJAT-27215T represents a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus wudalianchiensis sp. 28820124 3 59 theme optimum 356:362 arg1 NaCl 350:353 0 and 3.0 % NaCl 338:353 0 and 3.0 % NaCl (optimum 0 %) 338:367 Growth was observed at 10-60 °C (optimum 30 °C), in 0 and 3.0 % NaCl (optimum 0 %) and at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0), respectively. 28820124 3 59 theme optimum 356:362 arg1 % 366:366 optimum 0 % 356:366 optimum 0 % 356:366 Growth was observed at 10-60 °C (optimum 30 °C), in 0 and 3.0 % NaCl (optimum 0 %) and at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0), respectively. 28820124 10 60 theme strain 1292:1297 arg1 FJAT-27215T 1299:1309 strain FJAT-27215T 1292:1309 strain FJAT-27215T 1292:1309 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27215T and the most closely related strain B. encimensis SGD-V-25T showed a similarity of 22.4 % and lower than 70 %, indicating that they belong to different taxa. 28820124 9 61 theme 96  1172:1174 arg1 % 1175:1175 % 1175:1175 % 1175:1175 The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-27215T and the type strains of closely related species were much lower than the 96 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species. 28820124 11 62 theme wudalianchiensis 1619:1634 arg1 sp 1636:1637 Bacillus wudalianchiensis sp 1610:1637 the name Bacillus wudalianchiensis sp 1601:1637 The phenotypic characters and taxono-genomics study revealed that strain FJAT-27215T represents a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus wudalianchiensis sp. 28820124 2 63 theme grass 209:213 arg1 soil 215:218 grass soil 209:218 grass soil collected from Wudalianchi in the Heilongjiang Province of China 209:283 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated FJAT-27215T, was isolated from grass soil collected from Wudalianchi in the Heilongjiang Province of China. 28820124 8 64 theme Domibacillus 951:962 arg1 SD111T 972:977 Domibacillus indicus SD111T 951:977 Domibacillus indicus SD111T (96.9 %) 951:986 Strain FJAT-27215T showed high sequence similarities to Bacillus encimensis SGD-V-25T (98.6 %), Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T (98.6 %), Domibacillus indicus SD111T (96.9 %) and Bacillus thermotolerans SgZ-8T (96.5 %). 28820124 8 64 theme Domibacillus 951:962 arg1 % 985:985 96.9 % 980:985 96.9 % 980:985 Strain FJAT-27215T showed high sequence similarities to Bacillus encimensis SGD-V-25T (98.6 %), Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T (98.6 %), Domibacillus indicus SD111T (96.9 %) and Bacillus thermotolerans SgZ-8T (96.5 %). 28820124 5 65 dep iso-C15  542:549 arg1  0 602:603  0 602:603  0 602:603 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 65 dep iso-C15  542:549 arg1  0 551:552  0 551:552  0 551:552 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 65 dep iso-C15  542:549 arg1 anteiso-C15  555:566 anteiso-C15  555:566 anteiso-C15  555:566 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 65 dep iso-C15  542:549 arg1  0 585:586  0 585:586  0 585:586 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 65 dep iso-C15  542:549 arg1 acids 531:535 The main fatty acids 516:535 The main fatty acids 516:535 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 65 dep iso-C15  542:549 arg1 iso-C16  593:600 iso-C16  593:600 iso-C16  593:600 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 65 dep iso-C15  542:549 arg1 iso-C15  542:549 iso-C15  542:549 iso-C15  542:549 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 65 dep iso-C15  542:549 arg1  0 568:569  0 568:569  0 568:569 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 5 65 dep iso-C15  542:549 arg1 anteiso-C17  572:583 anteiso-C17  572:583 anteiso-C17  572:583 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C16 : 0. 28820124 6 66 theme phosphatidyl 682:693 arg1 ethanolamine 695:706 phosphatidyl ethanolamine 682:706 phosphatidyl ethanolamine 682:706 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. 28820124 2 67 theme Heilongjiang 254:265 arg1 Province 267:274 the Heilongjiang Province 250:274 the Heilongjiang Province of China 250:283 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated FJAT-27215T, was isolated from grass soil collected from Wudalianchi in the Heilongjiang Province of China. 28820124 8 68 theme Bacillus 873:880 arg1 SGD-V-25T 893:901 Bacillus encimensis SGD-V-25T 873:901 Bacillus encimensis SGD-V-25T (98.6 %) 873:910 Strain FJAT-27215T showed high sequence similarities to Bacillus encimensis SGD-V-25T (98.6 %), Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T (98.6 %), Domibacillus indicus SD111T (96.9 %) and Bacillus thermotolerans SgZ-8T (96.5 %). 28820124 8 68 theme Bacillus 873:880 arg1 % 909:909 98.6 % 904:909 98.6 % 904:909 Strain FJAT-27215T showed high sequence similarities to Bacillus encimensis SGD-V-25T (98.6 %), Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T (98.6 %), Domibacillus indicus SD111T (96.9 %) and Bacillus thermotolerans SgZ-8T (96.5 %). 28820124 9 69 theme identity 1056:1063 arg1 lower 1157:1161 lower 1157:1161 lower 1157:1161 The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-27215T and the type strains of closely related species were much lower than the 96 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species. 28820124 9 69 theme identity 1056:1063 arg1 values 1065:1070 The average nucleotide identity values 1033:1070 The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-27215T 1033:1097 The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-27215T and the type strains of closely related species were much lower than the 96 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species. 28820124 9 70 theme average 1037:1043 arg1 identity 1056:1063 average nucleotide identity 1037:1063 The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-27215T 1033:1097 The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-27215T and the type strains of closely related species were much lower than the 96 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species. 28820124 11 71 theme novel 1567:1571 arg1 species 1582:1588 a novel Bacillus species 1565:1588 a novel Bacillus species 1565:1588 The phenotypic characters and taxono-genomics study revealed that strain FJAT-27215T represents a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus wudalianchiensis sp. 28820124 8 72 theme Strain 817:822 arg1 FJAT-27215T 824:834 Strain FJAT-27215T 817:834 Strain FJAT-27215T 817:834 Strain FJAT-27215T showed high sequence similarities to Bacillus encimensis SGD-V-25T (98.6 %), Bacillus badius NBRC 15713T (98.6 %), Domibacillus indicus SD111T (96.9 %) and Bacillus thermotolerans SgZ-8T (96.5 %). 28820124 3 73 theme optimum 319:325 arg1 10-60 °C 309:316 10-60 °C 309:316 10-60 °C (optimum 30 °C) 309:332 Growth was observed at 10-60 °C (optimum 30 °C), in 0 and 3.0 % NaCl (optimum 0 %) and at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0), respectively. 28820124 3 73 theme optimum 319:325 arg1 30 °C 327:331 optimum 30 °C 319:331 optimum 30 °C 319:331 Growth was observed at 10-60 °C (optimum 30 °C), in 0 and 3.0 % NaCl (optimum 0 %) and at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0), respectively. 28820124 11 74 theme Bacillus 1610:1617 arg1 sp 1636:1637 Bacillus wudalianchiensis sp 1610:1637 the name Bacillus wudalianchiensis sp 1601:1637 The phenotypic characters and taxono-genomics study revealed that strain FJAT-27215T represents a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus wudalianchiensis sp. 28820124 9 75 theme nucleotide 1045:1054 arg1 identity 1056:1063 average nucleotide identity 1037:1063 The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-27215T 1033:1097 The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-27215T and the type strains of closely related species were much lower than the 96 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species. 28820124 9 76 theme threshold 1177:1185 arg1 value 1187:1191 the 96 % threshold value 1168:1191 the 96 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species 1168:1238 The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-27215T and the type strains of closely related species were much lower than the 96 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species. 28820124 13 77 theme AB 1697:1698 arg1 100757T 1713:1719 =CCTCC AB 2015266T=DSM 100757T 1690:1719 =CCTCC AB 2015266T=DSM 100757T 1690:1719 The type strain is FJAT-27215T (=CCTCC AB 2015266T=DSM 100757T). 28820124 13 77 theme AB 1697:1698 arg1 FJAT-27215T 1677:1687 FJAT-27215T 1677:1687 FJAT-27215T (=CCTCC AB 2015266T=DSM 100757T) 1677:1720 The type strain is FJAT-27215T (=CCTCC AB 2015266T=DSM 100757T). 28820124 4 78 theme cell-wall 421:429 arg1 peptidoglycan 431:443 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 417:443 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 417:443 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the isoprenoid quinone was MK7. 28820124 6 79 theme polar 615:619 arg1 lipids 621:626 The main polar lipids 606:626 The main polar lipids 606:626 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. 28820124 6 79 theme polar 615:619 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 633:654 diphosphatidylglycerol 633:654 diphosphatidylglycerol 633:654 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. 28820124 4 80 contain contained 445:453 arg1 peptidoglycan 431:443 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 417:443 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 417:443 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the isoprenoid quinone was MK7. 28820124 4 80 contain contained 445:453 arg2 acid 475:478 meso-diaminopimelic acid 455:478 meso-diaminopimelic acid 455:478 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the isoprenoid quinone was MK7. 28820124 7 81 theme Phylogenetic 709:720 arg1 analysis 722:729 Phylogenetic analysis 709:729 Phylogenetic analysis 709:729 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated strain FJAT-27215T to the genus Bacillus. 28699867 5 0 theme unknown 667:673 arg1 glycolipids 675:685 three unknown glycolipids 661:685 three unknown glycolipids 661:685 Polar lipids were phosphatidglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid, three unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 28699867 13 1 theme =NBRC 1848:1852 arg1 2466T 1879:1883 =NBRC 111517T=LMG 29111T=TISTR 2466T 1848:1883 =NBRC 111517T=LMG 29111T=TISTR 2466T 1848:1883 The type strain is MK21-7T (=NBRC 111517T=LMG 29111T=TISTR 2466T). 28699867 13 1 theme =NBRC 1848:1852 arg1 MK21-7T 1839:1845 MK21-7T 1839:1845 MK21-7T (=NBRC 111517T=LMG 29111T=TISTR 2466T) 1839:1884 The type strain is MK21-7T (=NBRC 111517T=LMG 29111T=TISTR 2466T). 28699867 6 2 theme genus 802:806 arg1 Sporolactobacillus 808:825 the genus Sporolactobacillus 798:825 the genus Sporolactobacillus 798:825 The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that it represented a member of the genus Sporolactobacillus. 28699867 7 3 theme gene 864:867 arg1 similarity 878:887 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 843:887 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T 843:929 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 7 4 with % 1165:1165 arg1 0347T 1150:1154 Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T 1101:1154 Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T 1101:1154 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 7 4 with % 1165:1165 arg1 101524T 1221:1227 Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T 1172:1227 Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T 1172:1227 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 7 4 with % 1165:1165 arg1 0361T 1082:1086 Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T 1044:1086 Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T 1044:1086 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 2 5 theme spore-forming 295:307 arg1 strain 258:263 This strain 253:263 This strain 253:263 This strain was a facultatively anaerobic spore-forming rod that was catalase-negative. 28699867 2 5 theme spore-forming 295:307 arg1 rod 309:311 a facultatively anaerobic spore-forming rod 269:311 a facultatively anaerobic spore-forming rod that was catalase-negative 269:338 This strain was a facultatively anaerobic spore-forming rod that was catalase-negative. 28699867 2 5 theme spore-forming 295:307 arg1 catalase-negative 322:338 catalase-negative 322:338 catalase-negative 322:338 This strain was a facultatively anaerobic spore-forming rod that was catalase-negative. 28699867 7 6 theme 16S 855:857 arg1 similarity 878:887 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 843:887 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T 843:929 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 8 7 theme gyrB 1294:1297 arg1 sequencing 1304:1313 gyrB gene sequencing 1294:1313 gyrB gene sequencing 1294:1313 Analysis of the phylogenetic relationship based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequencing revealed that the position of MK21-7T was clearly separated from all related species of the genus Sporolactobacillus. 28699867 9 8 contain had 1436:1438 arg2 % 1475:1475 22.8-57.2 % 1465:1475 22.8-57.2 % 1465:1475 It had low DNA-DNA relatedness (22.8-57.2 %) with S. terrae NBRC 101527T and related type strains. 28699867 9 8 contain had 1436:1438 arg1 It 1433:1434 It 1433:1434 It 1433:1434 It had low DNA-DNA relatedness (22.8-57.2 %) with S. terrae NBRC 101527T and related type strains. 28699867 9 8 contain had 1436:1438 arg2 relatedness 1452:1462 low DNA-DNA relatedness 1440:1462 low DNA-DNA relatedness (22.8-57.2 %) 1440:1476 It had low DNA-DNA relatedness (22.8-57.2 %) with S. terrae NBRC 101527T and related type strains. 28699867 8 9 theme relationship 1259:1270 arg1 sequencing 1304:1313 gyrB gene sequencing 1294:1313 gyrB gene sequencing 1294:1313 Analysis of the phylogenetic relationship based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequencing revealed that the position of MK21-7T was clearly separated from all related species of the genus Sporolactobacillus. 28699867 8 9 theme relationship 1259:1270 arg1 Analysis 1230:1237 Analysis 1230:1237 Analysis of the phylogenetic relationship based on 16S rRNA 1230:1288 Analysis of the phylogenetic relationship based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequencing revealed that the position of MK21-7T was clearly separated from all related species of the genus Sporolactobacillus. 28699867 3 10 contain had 414:416 arg2 MK-7 440:443 MK-7 440:443 MK-7 440:443 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and had seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. 28699867 3 10 contain had 414:416 arg1 It 341:342 It 341:342 It 341:342 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and had seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. 28699867 3 10 contain had 414:416 arg2 units 433:437 seven isoprene units 418:437 seven isoprene units (MK-7) 418:444 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and had seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. 28699867 3 10 contain had 414:416 arg2 menaquinone 465:475 the predominant menaquinone 449:475 the predominant menaquinone 449:475 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and had seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. 28699867 7 11 dep Sporolactobacillus 892:909 arg1 terrae 911:916 terrae 911:916 terrae 911:916 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 9 12 theme related 1510:1516 arg1 strains 1523:1529 related type strains 1510:1529 related type strains 1510:1529 It had low DNA-DNA relatedness (22.8-57.2 %) with S. terrae NBRC 101527T and related type strains. 28699867 4 13 theme Major 478:482 arg1 acids 490:494 Major fatty acids 478:494 Major fatty acids of MK21-7T 478:505 Major fatty acids of MK21-7T were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 28699867 8 14 theme MK21-7T 1345:1351 arg1 position 1333:1340 the position 1329:1340 the position of MK21-7T 1329:1351 Analysis of the phylogenetic relationship based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequencing revealed that the position of MK21-7T was clearly separated from all related species of the genus Sporolactobacillus. 28699867 7 15 theme NRIC 1020:1023 arg1 0334T 1025:1029 Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T 991:1029 Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T 991:1029 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 7 15 theme NRIC 1020:1023 arg1 % 1094:1094 97.3 % 1089:1094 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T 1089:1154 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 7 15 theme NRIC 1020:1023 arg1 % 1165:1165 97.1 % 1160:1165 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T 1160:1227 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 7 15 theme NRIC 1020:1023 arg1 % 1037:1037 97.5 % 1032:1037 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T 1032:1086 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 1 16 theme acid-producing 132:145 arg1 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid-producing bacterium 102:155 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid-producing bacterium designed strain MK21-7T, was isolated from tree bark collected from the north east of Thailand. 28699867 11 17 theme shoreicorticis 1783:1796 arg1 sp 1798:1799 the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp 1755:1799 the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp 1755:1799 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies, MK21-7T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Sporolactobacillus for which the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp. 28699867 7 18 theme Sporolactobacillus 991:1008 arg1 0334T 1025:1029 Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T 991:1029 Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T 991:1029 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 7 18 theme Sporolactobacillus 991:1008 arg1 % 1094:1094 97.3 % 1089:1094 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T 1089:1154 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 7 18 theme Sporolactobacillus 991:1008 arg1 % 1165:1165 97.1 % 1160:1165 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T 1160:1227 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 7 18 theme Sporolactobacillus 991:1008 arg1 % 1037:1037 97.5 % 1032:1037 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T 1032:1086 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 3 19 theme meso-diaminopimelic 354:372 arg1 acid 374:377 meso-diaminopimelic acid 354:377 meso-diaminopimelic acid 354:377 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and had seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. 28699867 11 20 theme name 1759:1762 arg1 sp 1798:1799 the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp 1755:1799 the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp 1755:1799 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies, MK21-7T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Sporolactobacillus for which the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp. 28699867 8 21 theme related 1384:1390 arg1 species 1392:1398 all related species 1380:1398 all related species of the genus Sporolactobacillus 1380:1430 Analysis of the phylogenetic relationship based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequencing revealed that the position of MK21-7T was clearly separated from all related species of the genus Sporolactobacillus. 28699867 0 22 theme tree 91:94 arg1 bark 96:99 tree bark 91:99 tree bark 91:99 Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp.nov., a lactic acid-producing bacterium isolated from tree bark. 28699867 5 23 theme Polar 574:578 arg1 lipids 580:585 Polar lipids 574:585 Polar lipids 574:585 Polar lipids were phosphatidglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid, three unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 28699867 3 24 theme cell 386:389 arg1 peptidoglycan 396:408 the cell wall peptidoglycan 382:408 the cell wall peptidoglycan 382:408 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and had seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. 28699867 8 25 theme genus 1407:1411 arg1 Sporolactobacillus 1413:1430 the genus Sporolactobacillus 1403:1430 the genus Sporolactobacillus 1403:1430 Analysis of the phylogenetic relationship based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequencing revealed that the position of MK21-7T was clearly separated from all related species of the genus Sporolactobacillus. 28699867 0 26 theme lactic 45:50 arg1 sp.nov. 34:40 Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp.nov. 0:40 Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp.nov. 0:40 Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp.nov., a lactic acid-producing bacterium isolated from tree bark. 28699867 0 26 theme lactic 45:50 arg1 bacterium 67:75 a lactic acid-producing bacterium 43:75 a lactic acid-producing bacterium 43:75 Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp.nov., a lactic acid-producing bacterium isolated from tree bark. 28699867 7 27 theme % 941:941 arg1 similarity 943:952 98.4 % similarity 936:952 98.4 % similarity 936:952 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 13 28 theme type 1824:1827 arg1 MK21-7T 1839:1845 MK21-7T 1839:1845 MK21-7T (=NBRC 111517T=LMG 29111T=TISTR 2466T) 1839:1884 The type strain is MK21-7T (=NBRC 111517T=LMG 29111T=TISTR 2466T). 28699867 13 28 theme type 1824:1827 arg1 strain 1829:1834 The type strain 1820:1834 The type strain 1820:1834 The type strain is MK21-7T (=NBRC 111517T=LMG 29111T=TISTR 2466T). 28699867 4 29 theme MK21-7T 499:505 arg1 acids 490:494 Major fatty acids 478:494 Major fatty acids of MK21-7T 478:505 Major fatty acids of MK21-7T were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 28699867 0 30 theme Sporolactobacillus 0:17 arg1 sp.nov. 34:40 Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp.nov. 0:40 Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp.nov. 0:40 Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp.nov., a lactic acid-producing bacterium isolated from tree bark. 28699867 0 30 theme Sporolactobacillus 0:17 arg1 bacterium 67:75 a lactic acid-producing bacterium 43:75 a lactic acid-producing bacterium 43:75 Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp.nov., a lactic acid-producing bacterium isolated from tree bark. 28699867 11 31 theme genus 1720:1724 arg1 Sporolactobacillus 1726:1743 the genus Sporolactobacillus 1716:1743 the genus Sporolactobacillus 1716:1743 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies, MK21-7T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Sporolactobacillus for which the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp. 28699867 10 32 theme G+C 1540:1542 arg1 content 1544:1550 The DNA G+C content 1532:1550 The DNA G+C content 1532:1550 The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol%. 28699867 10 32 theme G+C 1540:1542 arg1 % 1564:1564 43.1 mol% 1556:1564 43.1 mol% 1556:1564 The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol%. 28699867 13 33 theme 29111T=TISTR 1866:1877 arg1 2466T 1879:1883 =NBRC 111517T=LMG 29111T=TISTR 2466T 1848:1883 =NBRC 111517T=LMG 29111T=TISTR 2466T 1848:1883 The type strain is MK21-7T (=NBRC 111517T=LMG 29111T=TISTR 2466T). 28699867 13 33 theme 29111T=TISTR 1866:1877 arg1 MK21-7T 1839:1845 MK21-7T 1839:1845 MK21-7T (=NBRC 111517T=LMG 29111T=TISTR 2466T) 1839:1884 The type strain is MK21-7T (=NBRC 111517T=LMG 29111T=TISTR 2466T). 28699867 1 34 attach isolated 186:193 arg1 bark 205:208 tree bark 200:208 tree bark collected from the north east of Thailand 200:250 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid-producing bacterium designed strain MK21-7T, was isolated from tree bark collected from the north east of Thailand. 28699867 1 34 attach isolated 186:193 arg2 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid-producing bacterium 102:155 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid-producing bacterium designed strain MK21-7T, was isolated from tree bark collected from the north east of Thailand. 28699867 7 35 theme nakayamaesubsp.racemicus 1191:1214 arg1 101524T 1221:1227 Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T 1172:1227 Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T 1172:1227 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 3 36 theme isoprene 424:431 arg1 units 433:437 seven isoprene units 418:437 seven isoprene units (MK-7) 418:444 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and had seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. 28699867 3 36 theme isoprene 424:431 arg1 menaquinone 465:475 the predominant menaquinone 449:475 the predominant menaquinone 449:475 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and had seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. 28699867 3 36 theme isoprene 424:431 arg1 MK-7 440:443 MK-7 440:443 MK-7 440:443 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and had seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. 28699867 9 37 dep S. 1483:1484 arg1 terrae 1486:1491 terrae 1486:1491 terrae 1486:1491 It had low DNA-DNA relatedness (22.8-57.2 %) with S. terrae NBRC 101527T and related type strains. 28699867 6 38 theme analysis 747:754 arg1 results 713:719 The results 709:719 The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 709:754 The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that it represented a member of the genus Sporolactobacillus. 28699867 0 39 theme acid-producing 52:65 arg1 sp.nov. 34:40 Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp.nov. 0:40 Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp.nov. 0:40 Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp.nov., a lactic acid-producing bacterium isolated from tree bark. 28699867 0 39 theme acid-producing 52:65 arg1 bacterium 67:75 a lactic acid-producing bacterium 43:75 a lactic acid-producing bacterium 43:75 Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp.nov., a lactic acid-producing bacterium isolated from tree bark. 28699867 6 40 theme gene 733:736 arg1 analysis 747:754 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 724:754 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 724:754 The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that it represented a member of the genus Sporolactobacillus. 28699867 9 41 theme low 1440:1442 arg1 relatedness 1452:1462 low DNA-DNA relatedness 1440:1462 low DNA-DNA relatedness (22.8-57.2 %) 1440:1476 It had low DNA-DNA relatedness (22.8-57.2 %) with S. terrae NBRC 101527T and related type strains. 28699867 9 41 theme low 1440:1442 arg1 % 1475:1475 22.8-57.2 % 1465:1475 22.8-57.2 % 1465:1475 It had low DNA-DNA relatedness (22.8-57.2 %) with S. terrae NBRC 101527T and related type strains. 28699867 3 42 contain contained 344:352 arg2 It 341:342 It 341:342 It 341:342 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and had seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. 28699867 3 42 contain contained 344:352 arg1 It 341:342 It 341:342 It 341:342 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and had seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. 28699867 3 42 contain contained 344:352 arg2 acid 374:377 meso-diaminopimelic acid 354:377 meso-diaminopimelic acid 354:377 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and had seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. 28699867 3 42 contain contained 344:352 arg1 peptidoglycan 396:408 the cell wall peptidoglycan 382:408 the cell wall peptidoglycan 382:408 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and had seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. 28699867 6 43 theme 16S 724:726 arg1 analysis 747:754 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 724:754 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 724:754 The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that it represented a member of the genus Sporolactobacillus. 28699867 1 44 theme Thailand 243:250 arg1 east 235:238 east 235:238 east 235:238 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid-producing bacterium designed strain MK21-7T, was isolated from tree bark collected from the north east of Thailand. 28699867 5 45 theme unknown 639:645 arg1 phospholipid 647:658 an unknown phospholipid 636:658 an unknown phospholipid 636:658 Polar lipids were phosphatidglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid, three unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 28699867 11 46 theme chemotaxonomic 1628:1641 arg1 studies 1643:1649 the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies 1598:1649 the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies 1598:1649 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies, MK21-7T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Sporolactobacillus for which the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp. 28699867 11 47 dep results 1587:1593 arg1 the 1570:1572 the 1570:1572 the 1570:1572 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies, MK21-7T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Sporolactobacillus for which the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp. 28699867 11 47 dep results 1587:1593 arg1 basis 1574:1578 basis 1574:1578 basis 1574:1578 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies, MK21-7T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Sporolactobacillus for which the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp. 28699867 7 48 theme NRIC 1145:1148 arg1 0347T 1150:1154 Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T 1101:1154 Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T 1101:1154 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 7 49 theme sequence 869:876 arg1 similarity 878:887 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 843:887 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T 843:929 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 11 50 theme genotypic 1614:1622 arg1 studies 1643:1649 the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies 1598:1649 the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies 1598:1649 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies, MK21-7T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Sporolactobacillus for which the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp. 28699867 7 51 dep Sporolactobacillus 1044:1061 arg1 laevolacticus 1063:1075 laevolacticus 1063:1075 laevolacticus 1063:1075 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 11 52 theme novel 1699:1703 arg1 species 1705:1711 a novel species 1697:1711 a novel species of the genus Sporolactobacillus for which the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp 1697:1799 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies, MK21-7T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Sporolactobacillus for which the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp. 28699867 7 53 theme Sporolactobacillus 1101:1118 arg1 0347T 1150:1154 Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T 1101:1154 Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T 1101:1154 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 2 54 theme anaerobic 285:293 arg1 strain 258:263 This strain 253:263 This strain 253:263 This strain was a facultatively anaerobic spore-forming rod that was catalase-negative. 28699867 2 54 theme anaerobic 285:293 arg1 rod 309:311 a facultatively anaerobic spore-forming rod 269:311 a facultatively anaerobic spore-forming rod that was catalase-negative 269:338 This strain was a facultatively anaerobic spore-forming rod that was catalase-negative. 28699867 2 54 theme anaerobic 285:293 arg1 catalase-negative 322:338 catalase-negative 322:338 catalase-negative 322:338 This strain was a facultatively anaerobic spore-forming rod that was catalase-negative. 28699867 7 55 theme rRNA 859:862 arg1 similarity 878:887 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 843:887 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T 843:929 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 9 56 theme S. 1483:1484 arg1 101527T 1498:1504 S. terrae NBRC 101527T 1483:1504 S. terrae NBRC 101527T 1483:1504 It had low DNA-DNA relatedness (22.8-57.2 %) with S. terrae NBRC 101527T and related type strains. 28699867 7 57 theme highest 847:853 arg1 similarity 878:887 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 843:887 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T 843:929 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 1 58 theme tree 200:203 arg1 bark 205:208 tree bark 200:208 tree bark collected from the north east of Thailand 200:250 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid-producing bacterium designed strain MK21-7T, was isolated from tree bark collected from the north east of Thailand. 28699867 8 59 theme gene 1299:1302 arg1 sequencing 1304:1313 gyrB gene sequencing 1294:1313 gyrB gene sequencing 1294:1313 Analysis of the phylogenetic relationship based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequencing revealed that the position of MK21-7T was clearly separated from all related species of the genus Sporolactobacillus. 28699867 5 60 theme unknown 694:700 arg1 lipid 702:706 an unknown lipid 691:706 an unknown lipid 691:706 Polar lipids were phosphatidglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid, three unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 28699867 7 61 theme 97.6  968:972 arg1 % 973:973 % 973:973 % 973:973 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 8 62 theme phylogenetic 1246:1257 arg1 relationship 1259:1270 the phylogenetic relationship 1242:1270 the phylogenetic relationship based on 16S rRNA 1242:1288 Analysis of the phylogenetic relationship based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequencing revealed that the position of MK21-7T was clearly separated from all related species of the genus Sporolactobacillus. 28699867 7 63 theme NRIC 1077:1080 arg1 0361T 1082:1086 Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T 1044:1086 Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T 1044:1086 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 11 64 theme studies 1643:1649 arg1 results 1587:1593 the results 1583:1593 the results of the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies 1583:1649 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies, MK21-7T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Sporolactobacillus for which the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp. 28699867 9 65 theme type 1518:1521 arg1 strains 1523:1529 related type strains 1510:1529 related type strains 1510:1529 It had low DNA-DNA relatedness (22.8-57.2 %) with S. terrae NBRC 101527T and related type strains. 28699867 4 66 theme fatty 484:488 arg1 acids 490:494 Major fatty acids 478:494 Major fatty acids of MK21-7T 478:505 Major fatty acids of MK21-7T were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 28699867 7 67 dep Sporolactobacillus 1101:1118 arg1 nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae 1120:1143 nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae 1120:1143 nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae 1120:1143 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 7 68 theme Sporolactobacillus 1044:1061 arg1 0361T 1082:1086 Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T 1044:1086 Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T 1044:1086 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 1 69 theme lactic 125:130 arg1 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid-producing bacterium 102:155 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid-producing bacterium designed strain MK21-7T, was isolated from tree bark collected from the north east of Thailand. 28699867 8 70 theme 16S 1281:1283 arg1 rRNA 1285:1288 16S rRNA 1281:1288 16S rRNA 1281:1288 Analysis of the phylogenetic relationship based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequencing revealed that the position of MK21-7T was clearly separated from all related species of the genus Sporolactobacillus. 28699867 7 71 with similarity 975:984 arg1 0334T 1025:1029 Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T 991:1029 Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T 991:1029 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 7 71 with similarity 975:984 arg1 % 1094:1094 97.3 % 1089:1094 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T 1089:1154 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 7 71 with similarity 975:984 arg1 % 1165:1165 97.1 % 1160:1165 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T 1160:1227 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 7 71 with similarity 975:984 arg1 % 1037:1037 97.5 % 1032:1037 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T 1032:1086 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 11 72 theme phenotypic 1602:1611 arg1 studies 1643:1649 the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies 1598:1649 the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies 1598:1649 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies, MK21-7T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Sporolactobacillus for which the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp. 28699867 9 73 theme NBRC 1493:1496 arg1 101527T 1498:1504 S. terrae NBRC 101527T 1483:1504 S. terrae NBRC 101527T 1483:1504 It had low DNA-DNA relatedness (22.8-57.2 %) with S. terrae NBRC 101527T and related type strains. 28699867 1 74 theme strain 166:171 arg1 MK21-7T 173:179 strain MK21-7T 166:179 strain MK21-7T 166:179 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid-producing bacterium designed strain MK21-7T, was isolated from tree bark collected from the north east of Thailand. 28699867 11 75 theme Sporolactobacillus 1764:1781 arg1 sp 1798:1799 the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp 1755:1799 the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp 1755:1799 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies, MK21-7T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Sporolactobacillus for which the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp. 28699867 7 76 theme % 973:973 arg1 similarity 975:984 97.6 % similarity 968:984 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T 968:1227 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 3 77 theme wall 391:394 arg1 peptidoglycan 396:408 the cell wall peptidoglycan 382:408 the cell wall peptidoglycan 382:408 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and had seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. 28699867 7 78 with % 1037:1037 arg1 0347T 1150:1154 Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T 1101:1154 Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T 1101:1154 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 7 78 with % 1037:1037 arg1 0361T 1082:1086 Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T 1044:1086 Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T 1044:1086 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 7 78 with % 1037:1037 arg1 101524T 1221:1227 Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T 1172:1227 Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T 1172:1227 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 3 79 theme predominant 453:463 arg1 units 433:437 seven isoprene units 418:437 seven isoprene units (MK-7) 418:444 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and had seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. 28699867 3 79 theme predominant 453:463 arg1 menaquinone 465:475 the predominant menaquinone 449:475 the predominant menaquinone 449:475 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and had seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. 28699867 0 80 theme shoreicorticis 19:32 arg1 sp.nov. 34:40 Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp.nov. 0:40 Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp.nov. 0:40 Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp.nov., a lactic acid-producing bacterium isolated from tree bark. 28699867 0 80 theme shoreicorticis 19:32 arg1 bacterium 67:75 a lactic acid-producing bacterium 43:75 a lactic acid-producing bacterium 43:75 Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp.nov., a lactic acid-producing bacterium isolated from tree bark. 28699867 8 81 theme Sporolactobacillus 1413:1430 arg1 species 1392:1398 all related species 1380:1398 all related species of the genus Sporolactobacillus 1380:1430 Analysis of the phylogenetic relationship based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequencing revealed that the position of MK21-7T was clearly separated from all related species of the genus Sporolactobacillus. 28699867 13 82 theme 111517T=LMG 1854:1864 arg1 2466T 1879:1883 =NBRC 111517T=LMG 29111T=TISTR 2466T 1848:1883 =NBRC 111517T=LMG 29111T=TISTR 2466T 1848:1883 The type strain is MK21-7T (=NBRC 111517T=LMG 29111T=TISTR 2466T). 28699867 13 82 theme 111517T=LMG 1854:1864 arg1 MK21-7T 1839:1845 MK21-7T 1839:1845 MK21-7T (=NBRC 111517T=LMG 29111T=TISTR 2466T) 1839:1884 The type strain is MK21-7T (=NBRC 111517T=LMG 29111T=TISTR 2466T). 28699867 7 83 theme NBRC 1216:1219 arg1 101524T 1221:1227 Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T 1172:1227 Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T 1172:1227 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 7 84 theme 98.4  936:940 arg1 % 941:941 % 941:941 % 941:941 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 1 85 theme Gram-stain-positive 104:122 arg1 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid-producing bacterium 102:155 bacterium 147:155 A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid-producing bacterium designed strain MK21-7T, was isolated from tree bark collected from the north east of Thailand. 28699867 10 86 theme DNA 1536:1538 arg1 content 1544:1550 The DNA G+C content 1532:1550 The DNA G+C content 1532:1550 The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol%. 28699867 10 86 theme DNA 1536:1538 arg1 % 1564:1564 43.1 mol% 1556:1564 43.1 mol% 1556:1564 The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol%. 28699867 7 87 dep Sporolactobacillus 991:1008 arg1 kofuensis 1010:1018 kofuensis 1010:1018 kofuensis 1010:1018 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 7 88 theme Sporolactobacillus 1172:1189 arg1 101524T 1221:1227 Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T 1172:1227 Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T 1172:1227 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 4 89 dep  0 525:526 arg1  0 538:539  0 538:539  0 538:539 Major fatty acids of MK21-7T were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 28699867 7 90 with % 1094:1094 arg1 0347T 1150:1154 Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T 1101:1154 Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T 1101:1154 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 7 90 with % 1094:1094 arg1 0361T 1082:1086 Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T 1044:1086 Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T 1044:1086 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 7 90 with % 1094:1094 arg1 101524T 1221:1227 Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T 1172:1227 Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T 1172:1227 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 10 91 theme 43.1 mol 1556:1563 arg1 content 1544:1550 The DNA G+C content 1532:1550 The DNA G+C content 1532:1550 The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol%. 28699867 10 91 theme 43.1 mol 1556:1563 arg1 % 1564:1564 43.1 mol% 1556:1564 43.1 mol% 1556:1564 The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol%. 28699867 6 92 theme sequence 738:745 arg1 analysis 747:754 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 724:754 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 724:754 The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that it represented a member of the genus Sporolactobacillus. 28699867 7 93 theme NBRC 918:921 arg1 101527T 923:929 Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T 892:929 Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T 892:929 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 4 94 dep anteiso-C17  512:523 arg1  1ω9c 567:571  1ω9c 567:571 anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c 512:571 Major fatty acids of MK21-7T were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 28699867 4 94 dep anteiso-C17  512:523 arg1  0 525:526  0 525:526  0 525:526 Major fatty acids of MK21-7T were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 28699867 4 94 dep anteiso-C17  512:523 arg1 C18  562:565 C18  562:565 C18  562:565 Major fatty acids of MK21-7T were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 28699867 4 94 dep anteiso-C17  512:523 arg1  0 555:556  0 555:556  0 555:556 Major fatty acids of MK21-7T were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 28699867 11 95 theme Sporolactobacillus 1726:1743 arg1 species 1705:1711 a novel species 1697:1711 a novel species of the genus Sporolactobacillus for which the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp 1697:1799 On the basis of the results of the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies, MK21-7T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Sporolactobacillus for which the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp. 28699867 6 96 theme rRNA 728:731 arg1 analysis 747:754 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 724:754 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 724:754 The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that it represented a member of the genus Sporolactobacillus. 28699867 7 97 theme Sporolactobacillus 892:909 arg1 101527T 923:929 Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T 892:929 Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T 892:929 MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. 28699867 9 98 theme DNA-DNA 1444:1450 arg1 relatedness 1452:1462 low DNA-DNA relatedness 1440:1462 low DNA-DNA relatedness (22.8-57.2 %) 1440:1476 It had low DNA-DNA relatedness (22.8-57.2 %) with S. terrae NBRC 101527T and related type strains. 28699867 9 98 theme DNA-DNA 1444:1450 arg1 % 1475:1475 22.8-57.2 % 1465:1475 22.8-57.2 % 1465:1475 It had low DNA-DNA relatedness (22.8-57.2 %) with S. terrae NBRC 101527T and related type strains. 28699867 6 99 theme Sporolactobacillus 808:825 arg1 member 788:793 a member 786:793 a member of the genus Sporolactobacillus 786:825 The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that it represented a member of the genus Sporolactobacillus. 27580986 8 0 theme material 1487:1494 arg1 properties 1496:1505 the material properties 1483:1505 the material properties of the chitosan hydrogel bioreactors 1483:1542 Further studies will need to address the way of optimizing the yield of every step of spermatogenesis by adjusting the composition of the culture medium, the geometry, and the material properties of the chitosan hydrogel bioreactors. 27580986 4 1 theme 8- 496:497 arg1 rats 518:521 8- or 20-day-old male rats 496:521 8- or 20-day-old male rats 496:521 Testicular tissues were obtained from 8- or 20-day-old male rats or from adult human subjects who had undergone hormone treatments leading to a nearly complete regression of their spermatogenesis before bilateral orchiectomy for gender reassignment. 27580986 3 2 theme chitosan 439:446 arg1 hydrogel 448:455 chitosan hydrogel 439:455 chitosan hydrogel 439:455 We performed long-term (until 60 days) cultures of fresh or frozen rat or human seminiferous tubule segments in a bioreactor made of a hollow cylinder of chitosan hydrogel. 27580986 6 3 theme haploid 1025:1031 arg1 cells 1033:1037 haploid cells 1025:1037 haploid cells 1025:1037 From 2% to 3.8% of cells were found to be haploid cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of human cultures. 27580986 5 4 theme cultures 787:794 arg1 analyses 771:778 cytological analyses 759:778 cytological analyses of the cultures 759:794 The progression of spermatogenesis was assessed by cytological analyses of the cultures; it was related to a dramatic increase in the levels of the mRNAs specifically expressed by round spermatids, Transition protein 1, Transition protein 2, and Protamine 3 in rat cultures. 27580986 9 5 theme essential 1553:1561 arg1 requirement 1563:1573 Another essential requirement 1545:1573 Another essential requirement 1545:1573 Another essential requirement is to assess the quality of the gametes produced ex vivo by showing their ability to produce normal offspring (rat) or their biochemical normality (human). 27580986 2 6 dep days 223:226 arg1 whereas 229:235 whereas 229:235 whereas 229:235 In this species, the duration of spermatogenesis is 35 days, whereas it is 54 days in the rat and 74 days in humans. 27580986 5 7 theme cytological 759:769 arg1 analyses 771:778 cytological analyses 759:778 cytological analyses of the cultures 759:794 The progression of spermatogenesis was assessed by cytological analyses of the cultures; it was related to a dramatic increase in the levels of the mRNAs specifically expressed by round spermatids, Transition protein 1, Transition protein 2, and Protamine 3 in rat cultures. 27580986 7 8 theme spermatogenic 1242:1254 arg1 process 1256:1262 the spermatogenic process 1238:1262 the spermatogenic process leading to morphologically mature spermatozoa 1238:1308 In this bioreactor, long-term cultures of seminiferous tubule segments from prepubertal rats or from adult men allowed completion of the spermatogenic process leading to morphologically mature spermatozoa. 27580986 4 9 theme human 537:541 arg1 subjects 543:550 adult human subjects 531:550 adult human subjects who had undergone hormone treatments leading to a nearly complete regression of their spermatogenesis before bilateral orchiectomy for gender reassignment 531:705 Testicular tissues were obtained from 8- or 20-day-old male rats or from adult human subjects who had undergone hormone treatments leading to a nearly complete regression of their spermatogenesis before bilateral orchiectomy for gender reassignment. 27580986 5 10 theme rat 969:971 arg1 cultures 973:980 rat cultures 969:980 rat cultures 969:980 The progression of spermatogenesis was assessed by cytological analyses of the cultures; it was related to a dramatic increase in the levels of the mRNAs specifically expressed by round spermatids, Transition protein 1, Transition protein 2, and Protamine 3 in rat cultures. 27580986 6 11 dep in 1055:1056 arg1 situ 1058:1061 situ 1058:1061 situ 1058:1061 From 2% to 3.8% of cells were found to be haploid cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of human cultures. 27580986 1 12 theme complete 98:105 arg1 spermatogenesis 115:129 complete ex vivo spermatogenesis 98:129 complete ex vivo spermatogenesis 98:129 Until now, complete ex vivo spermatogenesis has been reported only in the mouse. 27580986 6 13 theme hybridization 1063:1075 arg1 analysis 1077:1084 fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis 1042:1084 fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of human cultures 1042:1102 From 2% to 3.8% of cells were found to be haploid cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of human cultures. 27580986 0 14 from Tissue 79:84 arg1 Human 9:13 Human 9:13 Human 9:13 Complete Human and Rat Ex Vivo Spermatogenesis from Fresh or Frozen Testicular Tissue. 27580986 6 15 theme in 1055:1056 arg1 hybridization 1063:1075 fluorescence in situ hybridization 1042:1075 fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of human cultures 1042:1102 From 2% to 3.8% of cells were found to be haploid cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of human cultures. 27580986 5 16 from Protamine 954:962 arg1 cultures 973:980 rat cultures 969:980 rat cultures 969:980 The progression of spermatogenesis was assessed by cytological analyses of the cultures; it was related to a dramatic increase in the levels of the mRNAs specifically expressed by round spermatids, Transition protein 1, Transition protein 2, and Protamine 3 in rat cultures. 27580986 2 17 theme spermatogenesis 201:215 arg1 duration 189:196 the duration 185:196 the duration of spermatogenesis 185:215 In this species, the duration of spermatogenesis is 35 days, whereas it is 54 days in the rat and 74 days in humans. 27580986 2 17 theme spermatogenesis 201:215 arg1 days 223:226 35 days 220:226 35 days 220:226 In this species, the duration of spermatogenesis is 35 days, whereas it is 54 days in the rat and 74 days in humans. 27580986 2 18 from days 246:249 arg1 humans 277:282 humans 277:282 humans 277:282 In this species, the duration of spermatogenesis is 35 days, whereas it is 54 days in the rat and 74 days in humans. 27580986 2 18 from days 246:249 arg1 rat 258:260 the rat 254:260 the rat 254:260 In this species, the duration of spermatogenesis is 35 days, whereas it is 54 days in the rat and 74 days in humans. 27580986 0 19 theme Frozen 61:66 arg1 Tissue 79:84 Fresh or Frozen Testicular Tissue 52:84 Fresh or Frozen Testicular Tissue 52:84 Complete Human and Rat Ex Vivo Spermatogenesis from Fresh or Frozen Testicular Tissue. 27580986 1 20 dep ex 107:108 arg1 vivo 110:113 vivo 110:113 vivo 110:113 Until now, complete ex vivo spermatogenesis has been reported only in the mouse. 27580986 8 21 theme step 1389:1392 arg1 yield 1374:1378 the yield 1370:1378 the yield of every step of spermatogenesis 1370:1411 Further studies will need to address the way of optimizing the yield of every step of spermatogenesis by adjusting the composition of the culture medium, the geometry, and the material properties of the chitosan hydrogel bioreactors. 27580986 4 22 theme gender 687:692 arg1 reassignment 694:705 gender reassignment 687:705 gender reassignment 687:705 Testicular tissues were obtained from 8- or 20-day-old male rats or from adult human subjects who had undergone hormone treatments leading to a nearly complete regression of their spermatogenesis before bilateral orchiectomy for gender reassignment. 27580986 5 23 theme round 888:892 arg1 spermatids 894:903 round spermatids 888:903 round spermatids 888:903 The progression of spermatogenesis was assessed by cytological analyses of the cultures; it was related to a dramatic increase in the levels of the mRNAs specifically expressed by round spermatids, Transition protein 1, Transition protein 2, and Protamine 3 in rat cultures. 27580986 5 23 theme round 888:892 arg1 protein 917:923 Transition protein 1 906:925 Transition protein 1 906:925 The progression of spermatogenesis was assessed by cytological analyses of the cultures; it was related to a dramatic increase in the levels of the mRNAs specifically expressed by round spermatids, Transition protein 1, Transition protein 2, and Protamine 3 in rat cultures. 27580986 5 23 theme round 888:892 arg1 Protamine 954:962 Protamine 3 954:964 Protamine 3 in rat cultures 954:980 The progression of spermatogenesis was assessed by cytological analyses of the cultures; it was related to a dramatic increase in the levels of the mRNAs specifically expressed by round spermatids, Transition protein 1, Transition protein 2, and Protamine 3 in rat cultures. 27580986 5 23 theme round 888:892 arg1 protein 939:945 Transition protein 2 928:947 Transition protein 2 928:947 The progression of spermatogenesis was assessed by cytological analyses of the cultures; it was related to a dramatic increase in the levels of the mRNAs specifically expressed by round spermatids, Transition protein 1, Transition protein 2, and Protamine 3 in rat cultures. 27580986 8 24 theme spermatogenesis 1397:1411 arg1 step 1389:1392 every step 1383:1392 every step of spermatogenesis 1383:1411 Further studies will need to address the way of optimizing the yield of every step of spermatogenesis by adjusting the composition of the culture medium, the geometry, and the material properties of the chitosan hydrogel bioreactors. 27580986 5 25 theme spermatogenesis 727:741 arg1 progression 712:722 The progression 708:722 The progression of spermatogenesis 708:741 The progression of spermatogenesis was assessed by cytological analyses of the cultures; it was related to a dramatic increase in the levels of the mRNAs specifically expressed by round spermatids, Transition protein 1, Transition protein 2, and Protamine 3 in rat cultures. 27580986 7 26 theme adult 1206:1210 arg1 men 1212:1214 adult men 1206:1214 adult men 1206:1214 In this bioreactor, long-term cultures of seminiferous tubule segments from prepubertal rats or from adult men allowed completion of the spermatogenic process leading to morphologically mature spermatozoa. 27580986 3 27 theme human 359:363 arg1 tubule 378:383 human seminiferous tubule 359:383 human seminiferous tubule 359:383 We performed long-term (until 60 days) cultures of fresh or frozen rat or human seminiferous tubule segments in a bioreactor made of a hollow cylinder of chitosan hydrogel. 27580986 5 28 theme mRNAs 856:860 arg1 levels 842:847 the levels 838:847 the levels of the mRNAs specifically expressed by round spermatids, Transition protein 1, Transition protein 2, and Protamine 3 in rat cultures 838:980 The progression of spermatogenesis was assessed by cytological analyses of the cultures; it was related to a dramatic increase in the levels of the mRNAs specifically expressed by round spermatids, Transition protein 1, Transition protein 2, and Protamine 3 in rat cultures. 27580986 2 29 from days 223:226 arg1 species 176:182 this species 171:182 this species 171:182 In this species, the duration of spermatogenesis is 35 days, whereas it is 54 days in the rat and 74 days in humans. 27580986 4 30 theme Testicular 458:467 arg1 tissues 469:475 Testicular tissues 458:475 Testicular tissues 458:475 Testicular tissues were obtained from 8- or 20-day-old male rats or from adult human subjects who had undergone hormone treatments leading to a nearly complete regression of their spermatogenesis before bilateral orchiectomy for gender reassignment. 27580986 3 31 theme rat 352:354 arg1 segments 385:392 fresh or frozen rat or human seminiferous tubule segments 336:392 fresh or frozen rat or human seminiferous tubule segments 336:392 We performed long-term (until 60 days) cultures of fresh or frozen rat or human seminiferous tubule segments in a bioreactor made of a hollow cylinder of chitosan hydrogel. 27580986 0 32 theme Ex 23:24 arg1 Spermatogenesis 31:45 Ex Vivo Spermatogenesis 23:45 Ex Vivo Spermatogenesis 23:45 Complete Human and Rat Ex Vivo Spermatogenesis from Fresh or Frozen Testicular Tissue. 27580986 7 33 theme tubule 1160:1165 arg1 segments 1167:1174 seminiferous tubule segments 1147:1174 seminiferous tubule segments 1147:1174 In this bioreactor, long-term cultures of seminiferous tubule segments from prepubertal rats or from adult men allowed completion of the spermatogenic process leading to morphologically mature spermatozoa. 27580986 0 34 theme Fresh 52:56 arg1 Tissue 79:84 Fresh or Frozen Testicular Tissue 52:84 Fresh or Frozen Testicular Tissue 52:84 Complete Human and Rat Ex Vivo Spermatogenesis from Fresh or Frozen Testicular Tissue. 27580986 6 35 dep % 989:989 arg1 to 991:992 to 991:992 to 991:992 From 2% to 3.8% of cells were found to be haploid cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of human cultures. 27580986 0 36 dep Ex 23:24 arg1 Vivo 26:29 Vivo 26:29 Vivo 26:29 Complete Human and Rat Ex Vivo Spermatogenesis from Fresh or Frozen Testicular Tissue. 27580986 9 37 theme biochemical 1700:1710 arg1 human 1723:1727 human 1723:1727 human 1723:1727 Another essential requirement is to assess the quality of the gametes produced ex vivo by showing their ability to produce normal offspring (rat) or their biochemical normality (human). 27580986 9 37 theme biochemical 1700:1710 arg1 normality 1712:1720 their biochemical normality 1694:1720 their biochemical normality (human) 1694:1728 Another essential requirement is to assess the quality of the gametes produced ex vivo by showing their ability to produce normal offspring (rat) or their biochemical normality (human). 27580986 8 38 theme medium 1457:1462 arg1 composition 1430:1440 the composition 1426:1440 the composition of the culture medium 1426:1462 Further studies will need to address the way of optimizing the yield of every step of spermatogenesis by adjusting the composition of the culture medium, the geometry, and the material properties of the chitosan hydrogel bioreactors. 27580986 8 38 theme medium 1457:1462 arg1 properties 1496:1505 the material properties 1483:1505 the material properties of the chitosan hydrogel bioreactors 1483:1542 Further studies will need to address the way of optimizing the yield of every step of spermatogenesis by adjusting the composition of the culture medium, the geometry, and the material properties of the chitosan hydrogel bioreactors. 27580986 8 38 theme medium 1457:1462 arg1 geometry 1469:1476 the geometry 1465:1476 the geometry 1465:1476 Further studies will need to address the way of optimizing the yield of every step of spermatogenesis by adjusting the composition of the culture medium, the geometry, and the material properties of the chitosan hydrogel bioreactors. 27580986 3 39 theme tubule 378:383 arg1 segments 385:392 fresh or frozen rat or human seminiferous tubule segments 336:392 fresh or frozen rat or human seminiferous tubule segments 336:392 We performed long-term (until 60 days) cultures of fresh or frozen rat or human seminiferous tubule segments in a bioreactor made of a hollow cylinder of chitosan hydrogel. 27580986 7 40 theme long-term 1125:1133 arg1 cultures 1135:1142 long-term cultures 1125:1142 long-term cultures of seminiferous tubule segments from prepubertal rats or from adult men 1125:1214 In this bioreactor, long-term cultures of seminiferous tubule segments from prepubertal rats or from adult men allowed completion of the spermatogenic process leading to morphologically mature spermatozoa. 27580986 8 41 theme hydrogel 1523:1530 arg1 bioreactors 1532:1542 the chitosan hydrogel bioreactors 1510:1542 the chitosan hydrogel bioreactors 1510:1542 Further studies will need to address the way of optimizing the yield of every step of spermatogenesis by adjusting the composition of the culture medium, the geometry, and the material properties of the chitosan hydrogel bioreactors. 27580986 6 42 theme 2 988:988 arg1 % 989:989 % 989:989 % 989:989 From 2% to 3.8% of cells were found to be haploid cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of human cultures. 27580986 4 43 theme male 513:516 arg1 rats 518:521 8- or 20-day-old male rats 496:521 8- or 20-day-old male rats 496:521 Testicular tissues were obtained from 8- or 20-day-old male rats or from adult human subjects who had undergone hormone treatments leading to a nearly complete regression of their spermatogenesis before bilateral orchiectomy for gender reassignment. 27580986 2 44 from days 269:272 arg1 humans 277:282 humans 277:282 humans 277:282 In this species, the duration of spermatogenesis is 35 days, whereas it is 54 days in the rat and 74 days in humans. 27580986 2 44 from days 269:272 arg1 rat 258:260 the rat 254:260 the rat 254:260 In this species, the duration of spermatogenesis is 35 days, whereas it is 54 days in the rat and 74 days in humans. 27580986 3 45 theme hollow 420:425 arg1 cylinder 427:434 a hollow cylinder 418:434 a hollow cylinder of chitosan hydrogel 418:455 We performed long-term (until 60 days) cultures of fresh or frozen rat or human seminiferous tubule segments in a bioreactor made of a hollow cylinder of chitosan hydrogel. 27580986 5 46 from protein 917:923 arg1 cultures 973:980 rat cultures 969:980 rat cultures 969:980 The progression of spermatogenesis was assessed by cytological analyses of the cultures; it was related to a dramatic increase in the levels of the mRNAs specifically expressed by round spermatids, Transition protein 1, Transition protein 2, and Protamine 3 in rat cultures. 27580986 7 47 theme mature 1291:1296 arg1 spermatozoa 1298:1308 morphologically mature spermatozoa 1275:1308 morphologically mature spermatozoa 1275:1308 In this bioreactor, long-term cultures of seminiferous tubule segments from prepubertal rats or from adult men allowed completion of the spermatogenic process leading to morphologically mature spermatozoa. 27580986 3 48 theme hydrogel 448:455 arg1 cylinder 427:434 a hollow cylinder 418:434 a hollow cylinder of chitosan hydrogel 418:455 We performed long-term (until 60 days) cultures of fresh or frozen rat or human seminiferous tubule segments in a bioreactor made of a hollow cylinder of chitosan hydrogel. 27580986 5 49 from protein 939:945 arg1 cultures 973:980 rat cultures 969:980 rat cultures 969:980 The progression of spermatogenesis was assessed by cytological analyses of the cultures; it was related to a dramatic increase in the levels of the mRNAs specifically expressed by round spermatids, Transition protein 1, Transition protein 2, and Protamine 3 in rat cultures. 27580986 6 50 theme cells 1002:1006 arg1 cells 1002:1006 cells 1002:1006 cells 1002:1006 From 2% to 3.8% of cells were found to be haploid cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of human cultures. 27580986 6 50 theme cells 1002:1006 arg1 % 997:997 From 2% to 3.8% 983:997 From 2% to 3.8% of cells 983:1006 From 2% to 3.8% of cells were found to be haploid cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of human cultures. 27580986 6 51 theme human 1089:1093 arg1 cultures 1095:1102 human cultures 1089:1102 human cultures 1089:1102 From 2% to 3.8% of cells were found to be haploid cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of human cultures. 27580986 4 52 theme adult 531:535 arg1 subjects 543:550 adult human subjects 531:550 adult human subjects who had undergone hormone treatments leading to a nearly complete regression of their spermatogenesis before bilateral orchiectomy for gender reassignment 531:705 Testicular tissues were obtained from 8- or 20-day-old male rats or from adult human subjects who had undergone hormone treatments leading to a nearly complete regression of their spermatogenesis before bilateral orchiectomy for gender reassignment. 27580986 5 53 theme dramatic 817:824 arg1 increase 826:833 a dramatic increase 815:833 a dramatic increase in the levels of the mRNAs specifically expressed by round spermatids, Transition protein 1, Transition protein 2, and Protamine 3 in rat cultures 815:980 The progression of spermatogenesis was assessed by cytological analyses of the cultures; it was related to a dramatic increase in the levels of the mRNAs specifically expressed by round spermatids, Transition protein 1, Transition protein 2, and Protamine 3 in rat cultures. 27580986 1 54 theme ex 107:108 arg1 spermatogenesis 115:129 complete ex vivo spermatogenesis 98:129 complete ex vivo spermatogenesis 98:129 Until now, complete ex vivo spermatogenesis has been reported only in the mouse. 27580986 9 55 theme gametes 1607:1613 arg1 quality 1592:1598 the quality 1588:1598 the quality of the gametes produced ex vivo by showing their ability to produce normal offspring (rat) or their biochemical normality (human) 1588:1728 Another essential requirement is to assess the quality of the gametes produced ex vivo by showing their ability to produce normal offspring (rat) or their biochemical normality (human). 27580986 4 56 theme complete 609:616 arg1 regression 618:627 a nearly complete regression 600:627 a nearly complete regression of their spermatogenesis before bilateral orchiectomy for gender reassignment 600:705 Testicular tissues were obtained from 8- or 20-day-old male rats or from adult human subjects who had undergone hormone treatments leading to a nearly complete regression of their spermatogenesis before bilateral orchiectomy for gender reassignment. 27580986 6 57 theme fluorescence 1042:1053 arg1 hybridization 1063:1075 fluorescence in situ hybridization 1042:1075 fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of human cultures 1042:1102 From 2% to 3.8% of cells were found to be haploid cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of human cultures. 27580986 4 58 theme hormone 570:576 arg1 treatments 578:587 hormone treatments 570:587 hormone treatments leading to a nearly complete regression of their spermatogenesis before bilateral orchiectomy for gender reassignment 570:705 Testicular tissues were obtained from 8- or 20-day-old male rats or from adult human subjects who had undergone hormone treatments leading to a nearly complete regression of their spermatogenesis before bilateral orchiectomy for gender reassignment. 27580986 0 59 theme Testicular 68:77 arg1 Tissue 79:84 Fresh or Frozen Testicular Tissue 52:84 Fresh or Frozen Testicular Tissue 52:84 Complete Human and Rat Ex Vivo Spermatogenesis from Fresh or Frozen Testicular Tissue. 27580986 3 60 dep long-term 298:306 arg1 days 318:321 until 60 days 309:321 until 60 days 309:321 We performed long-term (until 60 days) cultures of fresh or frozen rat or human seminiferous tubule segments in a bioreactor made of a hollow cylinder of chitosan hydrogel. 27580986 4 61 theme bilateral 661:669 arg1 orchiectomy 671:681 bilateral orchiectomy 661:681 bilateral orchiectomy for gender reassignment 661:705 Testicular tissues were obtained from 8- or 20-day-old male rats or from adult human subjects who had undergone hormone treatments leading to a nearly complete regression of their spermatogenesis before bilateral orchiectomy for gender reassignment. 27580986 7 62 from men 1212:1214 arg1 cultures 1135:1142 long-term cultures 1125:1142 long-term cultures of seminiferous tubule segments from prepubertal rats or from adult men 1125:1214 In this bioreactor, long-term cultures of seminiferous tubule segments from prepubertal rats or from adult men allowed completion of the spermatogenic process leading to morphologically mature spermatozoa. 27580986 3 63 theme frozen 345:350 arg1 segments 385:392 fresh or frozen rat or human seminiferous tubule segments 336:392 fresh or frozen rat or human seminiferous tubule segments 336:392 We performed long-term (until 60 days) cultures of fresh or frozen rat or human seminiferous tubule segments in a bioreactor made of a hollow cylinder of chitosan hydrogel. 27580986 7 64 theme prepubertal 1181:1191 arg1 rats 1193:1196 prepubertal rats 1181:1196 prepubertal rats 1181:1196 In this bioreactor, long-term cultures of seminiferous tubule segments from prepubertal rats or from adult men allowed completion of the spermatogenic process leading to morphologically mature spermatozoa. 27580986 9 65 theme normal 1668:1673 arg1 offspring 1675:1683 normal offspring 1668:1683 normal offspring (rat) 1668:1689 Another essential requirement is to assess the quality of the gametes produced ex vivo by showing their ability to produce normal offspring (rat) or their biochemical normality (human). 27580986 9 65 theme normal 1668:1673 arg1 rat 1686:1688 rat 1686:1688 rat 1686:1688 Another essential requirement is to assess the quality of the gametes produced ex vivo by showing their ability to produce normal offspring (rat) or their biochemical normality (human). 27580986 3 66 theme fresh 336:340 arg1 segments 385:392 fresh or frozen rat or human seminiferous tubule segments 336:392 fresh or frozen rat or human seminiferous tubule segments 336:392 We performed long-term (until 60 days) cultures of fresh or frozen rat or human seminiferous tubule segments in a bioreactor made of a hollow cylinder of chitosan hydrogel. 27580986 0 67 dep Human 9:13 arg1 Spermatogenesis 31:45 Ex Vivo Spermatogenesis 23:45 Ex Vivo Spermatogenesis 23:45 Complete Human and Rat Ex Vivo Spermatogenesis from Fresh or Frozen Testicular Tissue. 27580986 5 68 from increase 826:833 arg1 levels 842:847 the levels 838:847 the levels of the mRNAs specifically expressed by round spermatids, Transition protein 1, Transition protein 2, and Protamine 3 in rat cultures 838:980 The progression of spermatogenesis was assessed by cytological analyses of the cultures; it was related to a dramatic increase in the levels of the mRNAs specifically expressed by round spermatids, Transition protein 1, Transition protein 2, and Protamine 3 in rat cultures. 27580986 6 69 theme cultures 1095:1102 arg1 analysis 1077:1084 fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis 1042:1084 fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of human cultures 1042:1102 From 2% to 3.8% of cells were found to be haploid cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of human cultures. 27580986 7 70 theme segments 1167:1174 arg1 cultures 1135:1142 long-term cultures 1125:1142 long-term cultures of seminiferous tubule segments from prepubertal rats or from adult men 1125:1214 In this bioreactor, long-term cultures of seminiferous tubule segments from prepubertal rats or from adult men allowed completion of the spermatogenic process leading to morphologically mature spermatozoa. 27580986 3 71 theme long-term 298:306 arg1 cultures 324:331 long-term (until 60 days) cultures 298:331 long-term (until 60 days) cultures of fresh or frozen rat or human seminiferous tubule segments 298:392 We performed long-term (until 60 days) cultures of fresh or frozen rat or human seminiferous tubule segments in a bioreactor made of a hollow cylinder of chitosan hydrogel. 27580986 4 72 theme spermatogenesis 638:652 arg1 regression 618:627 a nearly complete regression 600:627 a nearly complete regression of their spermatogenesis before bilateral orchiectomy for gender reassignment 600:705 Testicular tissues were obtained from 8- or 20-day-old male rats or from adult human subjects who had undergone hormone treatments leading to a nearly complete regression of their spermatogenesis before bilateral orchiectomy for gender reassignment. 27580986 3 73 theme seminiferous 365:376 arg1 tubule 378:383 human seminiferous tubule 359:383 human seminiferous tubule 359:383 We performed long-term (until 60 days) cultures of fresh or frozen rat or human seminiferous tubule segments in a bioreactor made of a hollow cylinder of chitosan hydrogel. 27580986 7 74 theme seminiferous 1147:1158 arg1 segments 1167:1174 seminiferous tubule segments 1147:1174 seminiferous tubule segments 1147:1174 In this bioreactor, long-term cultures of seminiferous tubule segments from prepubertal rats or from adult men allowed completion of the spermatogenic process leading to morphologically mature spermatozoa. 27580986 8 75 theme culture 1449:1455 arg1 medium 1457:1462 the culture medium 1445:1462 the culture medium 1445:1462 Further studies will need to address the way of optimizing the yield of every step of spermatogenesis by adjusting the composition of the culture medium, the geometry, and the material properties of the chitosan hydrogel bioreactors. 27580986 5 76 theme Transition 928:937 arg1 spermatids 894:903 round spermatids 888:903 round spermatids 888:903 The progression of spermatogenesis was assessed by cytological analyses of the cultures; it was related to a dramatic increase in the levels of the mRNAs specifically expressed by round spermatids, Transition protein 1, Transition protein 2, and Protamine 3 in rat cultures. 27580986 5 76 theme Transition 928:937 arg1 protein 939:945 Transition protein 2 928:947 Transition protein 2 928:947 The progression of spermatogenesis was assessed by cytological analyses of the cultures; it was related to a dramatic increase in the levels of the mRNAs specifically expressed by round spermatids, Transition protein 1, Transition protein 2, and Protamine 3 in rat cultures. 27580986 8 77 theme chitosan 1514:1521 arg1 bioreactors 1532:1542 the chitosan hydrogel bioreactors 1510:1542 the chitosan hydrogel bioreactors 1510:1542 Further studies will need to address the way of optimizing the yield of every step of spermatogenesis by adjusting the composition of the culture medium, the geometry, and the material properties of the chitosan hydrogel bioreactors. 27580986 7 78 theme process 1256:1262 arg1 completion 1224:1233 completion 1224:1233 completion of the spermatogenic process leading to morphologically mature spermatozoa 1224:1308 In this bioreactor, long-term cultures of seminiferous tubule segments from prepubertal rats or from adult men allowed completion of the spermatogenic process leading to morphologically mature spermatozoa. 27580986 6 79 theme 3.8 994:996 arg1 % 989:989 % 989:989 % 989:989 From 2% to 3.8% of cells were found to be haploid cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of human cultures. 27580986 4 80 theme 20-day-old 502:511 arg1 rats 518:521 8- or 20-day-old male rats 496:521 8- or 20-day-old male rats 496:521 Testicular tissues were obtained from 8- or 20-day-old male rats or from adult human subjects who had undergone hormone treatments leading to a nearly complete regression of their spermatogenesis before bilateral orchiectomy for gender reassignment. 27580986 3 81 theme segments 385:392 arg1 cultures 324:331 long-term (until 60 days) cultures 298:331 long-term (until 60 days) cultures of fresh or frozen rat or human seminiferous tubule segments 298:392 We performed long-term (until 60 days) cultures of fresh or frozen rat or human seminiferous tubule segments in a bioreactor made of a hollow cylinder of chitosan hydrogel. 27580986 8 82 theme bioreactors 1532:1542 arg1 composition 1430:1440 the composition 1426:1440 the composition of the culture medium 1426:1462 Further studies will need to address the way of optimizing the yield of every step of spermatogenesis by adjusting the composition of the culture medium, the geometry, and the material properties of the chitosan hydrogel bioreactors. 27580986 8 82 theme bioreactors 1532:1542 arg1 properties 1496:1505 the material properties 1483:1505 the material properties of the chitosan hydrogel bioreactors 1483:1542 Further studies will need to address the way of optimizing the yield of every step of spermatogenesis by adjusting the composition of the culture medium, the geometry, and the material properties of the chitosan hydrogel bioreactors. 27580986 8 82 theme bioreactors 1532:1542 arg1 geometry 1469:1476 the geometry 1465:1476 the geometry 1465:1476 Further studies will need to address the way of optimizing the yield of every step of spermatogenesis by adjusting the composition of the culture medium, the geometry, and the material properties of the chitosan hydrogel bioreactors. 27580986 5 83 theme Transition 906:915 arg1 spermatids 894:903 round spermatids 888:903 round spermatids 888:903 The progression of spermatogenesis was assessed by cytological analyses of the cultures; it was related to a dramatic increase in the levels of the mRNAs specifically expressed by round spermatids, Transition protein 1, Transition protein 2, and Protamine 3 in rat cultures. 27580986 5 83 theme Transition 906:915 arg1 protein 917:923 Transition protein 1 906:925 Transition protein 1 906:925 The progression of spermatogenesis was assessed by cytological analyses of the cultures; it was related to a dramatic increase in the levels of the mRNAs specifically expressed by round spermatids, Transition protein 1, Transition protein 2, and Protamine 3 in rat cultures. 27580986 7 84 from rats 1193:1196 arg1 cultures 1135:1142 long-term cultures 1125:1142 long-term cultures of seminiferous tubule segments from prepubertal rats or from adult men 1125:1214 In this bioreactor, long-term cultures of seminiferous tubule segments from prepubertal rats or from adult men allowed completion of the spermatogenic process leading to morphologically mature spermatozoa. 27580986 8 85 theme Further 1311:1317 arg1 studies 1319:1325 Further studies 1311:1325 Further studies 1311:1325 Further studies will need to address the way of optimizing the yield of every step of spermatogenesis by adjusting the composition of the culture medium, the geometry, and the material properties of the chitosan hydrogel bioreactors. 26756970 9 0 theme cell 1790:1793 arg1 surface 1795:1801 cell surface HSPG and CE stripping 1790:1823 cell surface HSPG and CE stripping 1790:1823 C14:0 might reduce HDL-C levels by increasing HDL trapping to cell surface HSPG and CE stripping from bound HDL. 26756970 0 1 theme cell 163:166 arg1 proteoglycans 176:188 cell surface proteoglycans 163:188 cell surface proteoglycans in a liver hepatoma cell model 163:219 Myristic acid is associated to low plasma HDL cholesterol levels in a Mediterranean population and increases HDL catabolism by enhancing HDL particles trapping to cell surface proteoglycans in a liver hepatoma cell model. 26756970 8 2 from levels 1690:1695 arg1 population 1716:1725 a Mediterranean population 1700:1725 a Mediterranean population 1700:1725 CONCLUSIONS C14:0 was correlated with decreased plasma HDL-C levels in a Mediterranean population. 26756970 9 3 theme CE 1812:1813 arg1 stripping 1815:1823 CE stripping 1812:1823 CE stripping 1812:1823 C14:0 might reduce HDL-C levels by increasing HDL trapping to cell surface HSPG and CE stripping from bound HDL. 26756970 4 4 theme FA 638:639 arg1 composition 641:651 plasma FA composition 631:651 plasma FA composition 631:651 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 7 5 theme = 1594:1594 arg1 p 1592:1592 p = 0.01 1592:1599 +32% p = 0.01 1587:1599 C14:0 showed also the highest internalization of HDL-derived cholesteryl esters (CE, +32% p = 0.01 vs. non-conditioned cells). 26756970 7 6 theme esters 1575:1580 arg1 internalization 1532:1546 the highest internalization 1520:1546 the highest internalization of HDL-derived cholesteryl esters (CE, +32% p = 0.01 vs. non-conditioned cells) 1520:1626 C14:0 showed also the highest internalization of HDL-derived cholesteryl esters (CE, +32% p = 0.01 vs. non-conditioned cells). 26756970 6 7 theme HDL 1431:1433 arg1 binding 1435:1441 HDL binding 1431:1441 HDL binding 1431:1441 After removal of heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG) by heparinases HDL binding dropped by 29% only in C14:0 conditioned cells (p < 0.05). 26756970 10 8 theme FA 1913:1914 arg1 effects 1896:1902 the effects 1892:1902 the effects of other FA on HDL metabolism 1892:1932 Other mechanisms are to be investigated to explain the effects of other FA on HDL metabolism. 26756970 4 9 theme HDL 866:868 arg1 catabolism 870:879 HDL catabolism 866:879 HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2) 866:937 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 7 10 theme HDL-derived 1551:1561 arg1 esters 1575:1580 HDL-derived cholesteryl esters 1551:1580 HDL-derived cholesteryl esters (CE, +32% p = 0.01 vs. non-conditioned cells) 1551:1626 C14:0 showed also the highest internalization of HDL-derived cholesteryl esters (CE, +32% p = 0.01 vs. non-conditioned cells). 26756970 4 11 theme HDL-C 614:618 arg1 levels 620:625 HDL-C levels 614:625 HDL-C levels 614:625 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 4 12 dep in 888:889 arg1 vitro 891:895 vitro 891:895 vitro 891:895 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 1 13 theme contrasting 356:366 arg1 results 368:374 contrasting results 356:374 contrasting results 356:374 BACKGROUND HDL-C plasma levels are modulated by dietary fatty acid (FA), but studies investigating dietary supplementation in FA gave contrasting results. 26756970 6 14 theme p 1491:1491 arg1 cells 1484:1488 C14:0 conditioned cells 1466:1488 C14:0 conditioned cells (p < 0.05) 1466:1499 After removal of heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG) by heparinases HDL binding dropped by 29% only in C14:0 conditioned cells (p < 0.05). 26756970 6 14 theme p 1491:1491 arg1 < 1493:1493 p < 0.05 1491:1498 p < 0.05 1491:1498 After removal of heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG) by heparinases HDL binding dropped by 29% only in C14:0 conditioned cells (p < 0.05). 26756970 5 15 theme HDL 1274:1276 arg1 kinetics 1286:1293 HDL binding kinetics 1274:1293 HDL binding kinetics 1274:1293 HepG2 cells were conditioned with FA before evaluating HDL binding kinetics, and only C14:0 increased HDL binding by a non-saturable pathway. 26756970 0 16 theme HDL 137:139 arg1 particles 141:149 HDL particles 137:149 HDL particles trapping to cell surface proteoglycans in a liver hepatoma cell model 137:219 Myristic acid is associated to low plasma HDL cholesterol levels in a Mediterranean population and increases HDL catabolism by enhancing HDL particles trapping to cell surface proteoglycans in a liver hepatoma cell model. 26756970 10 17 theme HDL 1919:1921 arg1 metabolism 1923:1932 HDL metabolism 1919:1932 HDL metabolism 1919:1932 Other mechanisms are to be investigated to explain the effects of other FA on HDL metabolism. 26756970 4 18 theme diet 705:708 arg1 " 709:709 a "Mediterranean diet" 688:709 a "Mediterranean diet" 688:709 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 6 19 theme C14:0 1466:1470 arg1 cells 1484:1488 C14:0 conditioned cells 1466:1488 C14:0 conditioned cells (p < 0.05) 1466:1499 After removal of heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG) by heparinases HDL binding dropped by 29% only in C14:0 conditioned cells (p < 0.05). 26756970 6 19 theme C14:0 1466:1470 arg1 < 1493:1493 p < 0.05 1491:1498 p < 0.05 1491:1498 After removal of heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG) by heparinases HDL binding dropped by 29% only in C14:0 conditioned cells (p < 0.05). 26756970 4 20 dep investigate 577:587 arg1 ii 712:713 ii 712:713 ii 712:713 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 4 20 dep investigate 577:587 arg1 investigate 719:729 investigate 719:729 to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2) 716:937 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 4 20 dep investigate 577:587 arg1 i 571:571 i 571:571 i 571:571 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 7 21 dep % 1590:1590 arg1 p 1592:1592 p = 0.01 1592:1599 +32% p = 0.01 1587:1599 C14:0 showed also the highest internalization of HDL-derived cholesteryl esters (CE, +32% p = 0.01 vs. non-conditioned cells). 26756970 10 22 from effects 1896:1902 arg1 metabolism 1923:1932 HDL metabolism 1919:1932 HDL metabolism 1919:1932 Other mechanisms are to be investigated to explain the effects of other FA on HDL metabolism. 26756970 7 23 link HDL-derived 1551:1561 arg1 esters 1575:1580 HDL-derived cholesteryl esters 1551:1580 HDL-derived cholesteryl esters (CE, +32% p = 0.01 vs. non-conditioned cells) 1551:1626 C14:0 showed also the highest internalization of HDL-derived cholesteryl esters (CE, +32% p = 0.01 vs. non-conditioned cells). 26756970 6 24 theme sulphate 1386:1393 arg1 proteoglycans 1395:1407 heparan sulphate proteoglycans 1378:1407 heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG) 1378:1414 After removal of heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG) by heparinases HDL binding dropped by 29% only in C14:0 conditioned cells (p < 0.05). 26756970 6 24 theme sulphate 1386:1393 arg1 HSPG 1410:1413 HSPG 1410:1413 HSPG 1410:1413 After removal of heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG) by heparinases HDL binding dropped by 29% only in C14:0 conditioned cells (p < 0.05). 26756970 4 25 theme Sicilian 658:665 arg1 population 667:676 a Sicilian population 656:676 a Sicilian population 656:676 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 0 26 theme cholesterol 46:56 arg1 levels 58:63 low plasma HDL cholesterol levels 31:63 low plasma HDL cholesterol levels in a Mediterranean population 31:93 Myristic acid is associated to low plasma HDL cholesterol levels in a Mediterranean population and increases HDL catabolism by enhancing HDL particles trapping to cell surface proteoglycans in a liver hepatoma cell model. 26756970 4 27 dep AIMS 536:539 arg1 presents 552:559 presents 552:559 presents two aims 552:568 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 4 28 theme cultured 907:914 arg1 HepG2 932:936 HepG2 932:936 HepG2 932:936 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 4 28 theme cultured 907:914 arg1 cells 925:929 cultured hepatoma cells 907:929 cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2) 907:937 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 4 29 from abundant 823:830 arg1 plasma 839:844 the plasma 835:844 the plasma 835:844 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 0 30 theme Mediterranean 70:82 arg1 population 84:93 a Mediterranean population 68:93 a Mediterranean population 68:93 Myristic acid is associated to low plasma HDL cholesterol levels in a Mediterranean population and increases HDL catabolism by enhancing HDL particles trapping to cell surface proteoglycans in a liver hepatoma cell model. 26756970 2 31 theme Saturated 377:385 arg1 FA 387:388 Saturated FA 377:388 Saturated FA 377:388 Saturated FA increased HDL-C levels only in some studies. 26756970 8 32 theme plasma 1677:1682 arg1 levels 1690:1695 decreased plasma HDL-C levels 1667:1695 decreased plasma HDL-C levels in a Mediterranean population 1667:1725 CONCLUSIONS C14:0 was correlated with decreased plasma HDL-C levels in a Mediterranean population. 26756970 0 33 theme Myristic 0:7 arg1 acid 9:12 Myristic acid 0:12 Myristic acid 0:12 Myristic acid is associated to low plasma HDL cholesterol levels in a Mediterranean population and increases HDL catabolism by enhancing HDL particles trapping to cell surface proteoglycans in a liver hepatoma cell model. 26756970 4 34 theme population 794:803 arg1 study 805:809 the population study 790:809 the population study 790:809 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 0 35 from proteoglycans 176:188 arg1 model 215:219 a liver hepatoma cell model 193:219 a liver hepatoma cell model 193:219 Myristic acid is associated to low plasma HDL cholesterol levels in a Mediterranean population and increases HDL catabolism by enhancing HDL particles trapping to cell surface proteoglycans in a liver hepatoma cell model. 26756970 9 36 dep surface 1795:1801 arg1 HSPG 1803:1806 HSPG 1803:1806 HSPG 1803:1806 C14:0 might reduce HDL-C levels by increasing HDL trapping to cell surface HSPG and CE stripping from bound HDL. 26756970 9 36 dep surface 1795:1801 arg1 stripping 1815:1823 CE stripping 1812:1823 CE stripping 1812:1823 C14:0 might reduce HDL-C levels by increasing HDL trapping to cell surface HSPG and CE stripping from bound HDL. 26756970 1 37 theme fatty 278:282 arg1 FA 290:291 FA 290:291 FA 290:291 BACKGROUND HDL-C plasma levels are modulated by dietary fatty acid (FA), but studies investigating dietary supplementation in FA gave contrasting results. 26756970 1 37 theme fatty 278:282 arg1 acid 284:287 dietary fatty acid 270:287 dietary fatty acid (FA) 270:292 BACKGROUND HDL-C plasma levels are modulated by dietary fatty acid (FA), but studies investigating dietary supplementation in FA gave contrasting results. 26756970 4 38 theme cells 925:929 arg1 model 898:902 an "in vitro" model 884:902 an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2) 884:937 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 4 39 theme HDL-C 774:778 arg1 levels 780:785 plasma HDL-C levels 767:785 plasma HDL-C levels in the population study 767:809 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 9 40 theme HDL-C 1747:1751 arg1 levels 1753:1758 HDL-C levels 1747:1758 HDL-C levels 1747:1758 C14:0 might reduce HDL-C levels by increasing HDL trapping to cell surface HSPG and CE stripping from bound HDL. 26756970 0 41 theme plasma 35:40 arg1 levels 58:63 low plasma HDL cholesterol levels 31:63 low plasma HDL cholesterol levels in a Mediterranean population 31:93 Myristic acid is associated to low plasma HDL cholesterol levels in a Mediterranean population and increases HDL catabolism by enhancing HDL particles trapping to cell surface proteoglycans in a liver hepatoma cell model. 26756970 5 42 theme non-saturable 1338:1350 arg1 pathway 1352:1358 a non-saturable pathway 1336:1358 a non-saturable pathway 1336:1358 HepG2 cells were conditioned with FA before evaluating HDL binding kinetics, and only C14:0 increased HDL binding by a non-saturable pathway. 26756970 9 43 theme HDL 1774:1776 arg1 trapping 1778:1785 HDL trapping 1774:1785 HDL trapping to cell surface HSPG and CE stripping 1774:1823 C14:0 might reduce HDL-C levels by increasing HDL trapping to cell surface HSPG and CE stripping from bound HDL. 26756970 1 44 theme BACKGROUND 222:231 arg1 levels 246:251 BACKGROUND HDL-C plasma levels 222:251 BACKGROUND HDL-C plasma levels 222:251 BACKGROUND HDL-C plasma levels are modulated by dietary fatty acid (FA), but studies investigating dietary supplementation in FA gave contrasting results. 26756970 0 45 theme surface 168:174 arg1 proteoglycans 176:188 cell surface proteoglycans 163:188 cell surface proteoglycans in a liver hepatoma cell model 163:219 Myristic acid is associated to low plasma HDL cholesterol levels in a Mediterranean population and increases HDL catabolism by enhancing HDL particles trapping to cell surface proteoglycans in a liver hepatoma cell model. 26756970 3 46 theme poly-unsaturated 485:500 arg1 FA 502:503 poly-unsaturated FA 485:503 poly-unsaturated FA 485:503 Mono-unsaturated FA exerted a slight effect while poly-unsaturated FA mostly increased plasma HDL-C. 26756970 1 47 theme plasma 239:244 arg1 levels 246:251 BACKGROUND HDL-C plasma levels 222:251 BACKGROUND HDL-C plasma levels 222:251 BACKGROUND HDL-C plasma levels are modulated by dietary fatty acid (FA), but studies investigating dietary supplementation in FA gave contrasting results. 26756970 7 48 theme non-conditioned 1605:1619 arg1 cells 1621:1625 non-conditioned cells 1605:1625 non-conditioned cells 1605:1625 C14:0 showed also the highest internalization of HDL-derived cholesteryl esters (CE, +32% p = 0.01 vs. non-conditioned cells). 26756970 0 49 theme liver 195:199 arg1 model 215:219 a liver hepatoma cell model 193:219 a liver hepatoma cell model 193:219 Myristic acid is associated to low plasma HDL cholesterol levels in a Mediterranean population and increases HDL catabolism by enhancing HDL particles trapping to cell surface proteoglycans in a liver hepatoma cell model. 26756970 3 50 theme plasma 522:527 arg1 HDL-C 529:533 plasma HDL-C 522:533 plasma HDL-C 522:533 Mono-unsaturated FA exerted a slight effect while poly-unsaturated FA mostly increased plasma HDL-C. 26756970 4 51 theme plasma 631:636 arg1 composition 641:651 plasma FA composition 631:651 plasma FA composition 631:651 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 0 52 theme cell 210:213 arg1 model 215:219 a liver hepatoma cell model 193:219 a liver hepatoma cell model 193:219 Myristic acid is associated to low plasma HDL cholesterol levels in a Mediterranean population and increases HDL catabolism by enhancing HDL particles trapping to cell surface proteoglycans in a liver hepatoma cell model. 26756970 4 53 dep resulted 742:749 arg1 correlated 751:760 correlated 751:760 correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study 751:809 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 4 53 dep resulted 742:749 arg1 abundant 823:830 abundant 823:830 abundant 823:830 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 5 54 theme HDL 1321:1323 arg1 binding 1325:1331 HDL binding 1321:1331 HDL binding 1321:1331 HepG2 cells were conditioned with FA before evaluating HDL binding kinetics, and only C14:0 increased HDL binding by a non-saturable pathway. 26756970 0 55 theme hepatoma 201:208 arg1 model 215:219 a liver hepatoma cell model 193:219 a liver hepatoma cell model 193:219 Myristic acid is associated to low plasma HDL cholesterol levels in a Mediterranean population and increases HDL catabolism by enhancing HDL particles trapping to cell surface proteoglycans in a liver hepatoma cell model. 26756970 10 56 theme other 1907:1911 arg1 FA 1913:1914 other FA 1907:1914 other FA 1907:1914 Other mechanisms are to be investigated to explain the effects of other FA on HDL metabolism. 26756970 7 57 theme cholesteryl 1563:1573 arg1 esters 1575:1580 HDL-derived cholesteryl esters 1551:1580 HDL-derived cholesteryl esters (CE, +32% p = 0.01 vs. non-conditioned cells) 1551:1626 C14:0 showed also the highest internalization of HDL-derived cholesteryl esters (CE, +32% p = 0.01 vs. non-conditioned cells). 26756970 9 58 theme bound 1830:1834 arg1 HDL 1836:1838 bound HDL 1830:1838 bound HDL 1830:1838 C14:0 might reduce HDL-C levels by increasing HDL trapping to cell surface HSPG and CE stripping from bound HDL. 26756970 0 59 from levels 58:63 arg1 population 84:93 a Mediterranean population 68:93 a Mediterranean population 68:93 Myristic acid is associated to low plasma HDL cholesterol levels in a Mediterranean population and increases HDL catabolism by enhancing HDL particles trapping to cell surface proteoglycans in a liver hepatoma cell model. 26756970 5 60 theme binding 1278:1284 arg1 kinetics 1286:1293 HDL binding kinetics 1274:1293 HDL binding kinetics 1274:1293 HepG2 cells were conditioned with FA before evaluating HDL binding kinetics, and only C14:0 increased HDL binding by a non-saturable pathway. 26756970 4 61 from levels 780:785 arg1 study 805:809 the population study 790:809 the population study 790:809 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 7 62 theme highest 1524:1530 arg1 internalization 1532:1546 the highest internalization 1520:1546 the highest internalization of HDL-derived cholesteryl esters (CE, +32% p = 0.01 vs. non-conditioned cells) 1520:1626 C14:0 showed also the highest internalization of HDL-derived cholesteryl esters (CE, +32% p = 0.01 vs. non-conditioned cells). 26756970 6 63 theme conditioned 1472:1482 arg1 cells 1484:1488 C14:0 conditioned cells 1466:1488 C14:0 conditioned cells (p < 0.05) 1466:1499 After removal of heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG) by heparinases HDL binding dropped by 29% only in C14:0 conditioned cells (p < 0.05). 26756970 6 63 theme conditioned 1472:1482 arg1 < 1493:1493 p < 0.05 1491:1498 p < 0.05 1491:1498 After removal of heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG) by heparinases HDL binding dropped by 29% only in C14:0 conditioned cells (p < 0.05). 26756970 0 64 dep particles 141:149 arg1 trapping 151:158 trapping 151:158 trapping 151:158 Myristic acid is associated to low plasma HDL cholesterol levels in a Mediterranean population and increases HDL catabolism by enhancing HDL particles trapping to cell surface proteoglycans in a liver hepatoma cell model. 26756970 6 65 theme proteoglycans 1395:1407 arg1 removal 1367:1373 removal 1367:1373 removal of heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG) by heparinases 1367:1429 After removal of heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG) by heparinases HDL binding dropped by 29% only in C14:0 conditioned cells (p < 0.05). 26756970 4 66 theme Mediterranean 691:703 arg1 " 709:709 a "Mediterranean diet" 688:709 a "Mediterranean diet" 688:709 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 4 67 from relationship 593:604 arg1 population 667:676 a Sicilian population 656:676 a Sicilian population 656:676 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 4 68 from plasma 839:844 arg1 abundant 823:830 abundant 823:830 abundant 823:830 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 4 69 theme " 896:896 arg1 model 898:902 an "in vitro" model 884:902 an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2) 884:937 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 6 70 theme heparan 1378:1384 arg1 sulphate 1386:1393 heparan sulphate 1378:1393 heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG) 1378:1414 After removal of heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG) by heparinases HDL binding dropped by 29% only in C14:0 conditioned cells (p < 0.05). 26756970 7 71 dep esters 1575:1580 arg1 cells 1621:1625 non-conditioned cells 1605:1625 non-conditioned cells 1605:1625 C14:0 showed also the highest internalization of HDL-derived cholesteryl esters (CE, +32% p = 0.01 vs. non-conditioned cells). 26756970 7 71 dep esters 1575:1580 arg1 CE 1583:1584 CE 1583:1584 CE 1583:1584 C14:0 showed also the highest internalization of HDL-derived cholesteryl esters (CE, +32% p = 0.01 vs. non-conditioned cells). 26756970 7 71 dep esters 1575:1580 arg1 % 1590:1590 +32% 1587:1590 +32% p = 0.01 1587:1599 C14:0 showed also the highest internalization of HDL-derived cholesteryl esters (CE, +32% p = 0.01 vs. non-conditioned cells). 26756970 0 72 theme HDL 109:111 arg1 catabolism 113:122 HDL catabolism 109:122 HDL catabolism 109:122 Myristic acid is associated to low plasma HDL cholesterol levels in a Mediterranean population and increases HDL catabolism by enhancing HDL particles trapping to cell surface proteoglycans in a liver hepatoma cell model. 26756970 1 73 theme dietary 321:327 arg1 supplementation 329:343 dietary supplementation 321:343 dietary supplementation 321:343 BACKGROUND HDL-C plasma levels are modulated by dietary fatty acid (FA), but studies investigating dietary supplementation in FA gave contrasting results. 26756970 8 74 theme decreased 1667:1675 arg1 levels 1690:1695 decreased plasma HDL-C levels 1667:1695 decreased plasma HDL-C levels in a Mediterranean population 1667:1725 CONCLUSIONS C14:0 was correlated with decreased plasma HDL-C levels in a Mediterranean population. 26756970 4 75 theme in 888:889 arg1 model 898:902 an "in vitro" model 884:902 an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2) 884:937 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 8 76 theme HDL-C 1684:1688 arg1 levels 1690:1695 decreased plasma HDL-C levels 1667:1695 decreased plasma HDL-C levels in a Mediterranean population 1667:1725 CONCLUSIONS C14:0 was correlated with decreased plasma HDL-C levels in a Mediterranean population. 26756970 5 77 theme only 1300:1303 arg1 C14:0 1305:1309 only C14:0 1300:1309 only C14:0 1300:1309 HepG2 cells were conditioned with FA before evaluating HDL binding kinetics, and only C14:0 increased HDL binding by a non-saturable pathway. 26756970 4 78 from catabolism 870:879 arg1 model 898:902 an "in vitro" model 884:902 an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2) 884:937 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 1 79 theme dietary 270:276 arg1 FA 290:291 FA 290:291 FA 290:291 BACKGROUND HDL-C plasma levels are modulated by dietary fatty acid (FA), but studies investigating dietary supplementation in FA gave contrasting results. 26756970 1 79 theme dietary 270:276 arg1 acid 284:287 dietary fatty acid 270:287 dietary fatty acid (FA) 270:292 BACKGROUND HDL-C plasma levels are modulated by dietary fatty acid (FA), but studies investigating dietary supplementation in FA gave contrasting results. 26756970 8 80 theme Mediterranean 1702:1714 arg1 population 1716:1725 a Mediterranean population 1700:1725 a Mediterranean population 1700:1725 CONCLUSIONS C14:0 was correlated with decreased plasma HDL-C levels in a Mediterranean population. 26756970 2 81 theme HDL-C 400:404 arg1 levels 406:411 HDL-C levels 400:411 HDL-C levels 400:411 Saturated FA increased HDL-C levels only in some studies. 26756970 0 82 theme low 31:33 arg1 levels 58:63 low plasma HDL cholesterol levels 31:63 low plasma HDL cholesterol levels in a Mediterranean population 31:93 Myristic acid is associated to low plasma HDL cholesterol levels in a Mediterranean population and increases HDL catabolism by enhancing HDL particles trapping to cell surface proteoglycans in a liver hepatoma cell model. 26756970 4 83 theme hepatoma 916:923 arg1 HepG2 932:936 HepG2 932:936 HepG2 932:936 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 4 83 theme hepatoma 916:923 arg1 cells 925:929 cultured hepatoma cells 907:929 cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2) 907:937 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 4 84 theme plasma 767:772 arg1 levels 780:785 plasma HDL-C levels 767:785 plasma HDL-C levels in the population study 767:809 AIMS This study presents two aims: i) to investigate the relationship between HDL-C levels and plasma FA composition in a Sicilian population following a "Mediterranean diet", ii) to investigate if FA that resulted correlated with plasma HDL-C levels in the population study and/or very abundant in the plasma were able to affect HDL catabolism in an "in vitro" model of cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2). 26756970 3 85 theme Mono-unsaturated 435:450 arg1 FA 452:453 Mono-unsaturated FA 435:453 Mono-unsaturated FA 435:453 Mono-unsaturated FA exerted a slight effect while poly-unsaturated FA mostly increased plasma HDL-C. 26756970 0 86 theme HDL 42:44 arg1 levels 58:63 low plasma HDL cholesterol levels 31:63 low plasma HDL cholesterol levels in a Mediterranean population 31:93 Myristic acid is associated to low plasma HDL cholesterol levels in a Mediterranean population and increases HDL catabolism by enhancing HDL particles trapping to cell surface proteoglycans in a liver hepatoma cell model. 26756970 5 87 theme HepG2 1219:1223 arg1 cells 1225:1229 HepG2 cells 1219:1229 HepG2 cells 1219:1229 HepG2 cells were conditioned with FA before evaluating HDL binding kinetics, and only C14:0 increased HDL binding by a non-saturable pathway. 26756970 10 88 theme Other 1841:1845 arg1 mechanisms 1847:1856 Other mechanisms 1841:1856 Other mechanisms 1841:1856 Other mechanisms are to be investigated to explain the effects of other FA on HDL metabolism. 26756970 3 89 theme slight 465:470 arg1 effect 472:477 a slight effect 463:477 a slight effect 463:477 Mono-unsaturated FA exerted a slight effect while poly-unsaturated FA mostly increased plasma HDL-C. 26756970 1 90 theme HDL-C 233:237 arg1 levels 246:251 BACKGROUND HDL-C plasma levels 222:251 BACKGROUND HDL-C plasma levels 222:251 BACKGROUND HDL-C plasma levels are modulated by dietary fatty acid (FA), but studies investigating dietary supplementation in FA gave contrasting results. 29232851 10 0 theme Peroxisome 1520:1529 arg1 PPAR 1564:1567 PPAR 1564:1567 PPAR 1564:1567 The proteomics analysis revealed that this function was associated with Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ pathway. 29232851 10 0 theme Peroxisome 1520:1529 arg1 receptor 1554:1561 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 1520:1561 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ pathway 1520:1577 The proteomics analysis revealed that this function was associated with Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ pathway. 29232851 9 1 theme tight 1287:1291 arg1 OCLN 1320:1323 OCLN 1320:1323 OCLN 1320:1323 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). 29232851 9 1 theme tight 1287:1291 arg1 Occludin 1310:1317 tight junction protein Occludin 1287:1317 tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN) 1287:1324 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). 29232851 9 2 theme junction 1293:1300 arg1 OCLN 1320:1323 OCLN 1320:1323 OCLN 1320:1323 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). 29232851 9 2 theme junction 1293:1300 arg1 Occludin 1310:1317 tight junction protein Occludin 1287:1317 tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN) 1287:1324 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). 29232851 8 3 dep cytokines 1179:1187 arg1 both 1189:1192 both 1189:1192 both 1189:1192 The results showed that PB significantly decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines both in infected Caco-2 cells and PI-IBS models. 29232851 2 4 theme prebiotic 326:334 arg1 effective 452:460 effective 452:460 effective 452:460 The aim of this study is to determine whether a novel prebiotic blend (PB) composed of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), inulin and anthocyanins could be effective in preventing the development of IBS. 29232851 2 4 theme prebiotic 326:334 arg1 blend 336:340 a novel prebiotic blend 318:340 a novel prebiotic blend (PB) composed of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), inulin and anthocyanins 318:441 The aim of this study is to determine whether a novel prebiotic blend (PB) composed of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), inulin and anthocyanins could be effective in preventing the development of IBS. 29232851 2 4 theme prebiotic 326:334 arg1 PB 343:344 PB 343:344 PB 343:344 The aim of this study is to determine whether a novel prebiotic blend (PB) composed of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), inulin and anthocyanins could be effective in preventing the development of IBS. 29232851 1 5 theme effective 240:248 arg1 therapies 261:269 effective prevention therapies 240:269 effective prevention therapies 240:269 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder yet it still lacks effective prevention therapies. 29232851 0 6 theme Gut 87:89 arg1 Microbiota 91:100 Gut Microbiota 87:100 Gut Microbiota 87:100 A Novel Prebiotic Blend Product Prevents Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Mice by Improving Gut Microbiota and Modulating Immune Response. 29232851 9 7 theme protein 1302:1308 arg1 OCLN 1320:1323 OCLN 1320:1323 OCLN 1320:1323 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). 29232851 9 7 theme protein 1302:1308 arg1 Occludin 1310:1317 tight junction protein Occludin 1287:1317 tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN) 1287:1324 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). 29232851 4 8 dep PB 654:655 arg1 weeks 685:689 8 weeks 683:689 8 weeks 683:689 Post-infectious IBS models in C57BL/6 mice were established and were pretreated with the PB, PB and probiotic strains 8 weeks in advance of infection. 29232851 4 8 dep PB 654:655 arg1 the 650:652 the 650:652 the 650:652 Post-infectious IBS models in C57BL/6 mice were established and were pretreated with the PB, PB and probiotic strains 8 weeks in advance of infection. 29232851 1 9 theme prevention 250:259 arg1 therapies 261:269 effective prevention therapies 240:269 effective prevention therapies 240:269 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder yet it still lacks effective prevention therapies. 29232851 9 10 theme Occludin 1310:1317 arg1 changes 1331:1337 changes 1331:1337 changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections 1331:1389 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). 29232851 9 10 theme Occludin 1310:1317 arg1 weight 1255:1260 body weight 1250:1260 body weight 1250:1260 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). 29232851 9 10 theme Occludin 1310:1317 arg1 expression 1273:1282 decreased expression 1263:1282 decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN) 1263:1324 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). 29232851 9 11 theme microbiota 1346:1355 arg1 composition 1357:1367 the microbiota composition 1342:1367 the microbiota composition induced by infections 1342:1389 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). 29232851 6 12 theme microbiota 951:960 arg1 analysis 962:969 microbiota analysis 951:969 microbiota analysis 951:969 Fecal samples were also collected for microbiota analysis. 29232851 7 13 with co-incubation 1051:1063 arg1 14028 1100:1104 Salmonella typhimurium 14028 1077:1104 Salmonella typhimurium 14028 1077:1104 The pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in Caco-2 cells were evaluated after co-incubation with PB and Salmonella typhimurium 14028. 29232851 7 13 with co-incubation 1051:1063 arg1 PB 1070:1071 PB 1070:1071 PB 1070:1071 The pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in Caco-2 cells were evaluated after co-incubation with PB and Salmonella typhimurium 14028. 29232851 5 14 dep cytokines 867:875 arg1 expression 877:886 expression 877:886 expression 877:886 Eight weeks after infection, intestinal tissues were collected for assessing histomorphology, visceral sensitivity, barrier function, pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and proteomics analysis. 29232851 5 14 dep cytokines 867:875 arg1 analysis 903:910 proteomics analysis 892:910 proteomics analysis 892:910 Eight weeks after infection, intestinal tissues were collected for assessing histomorphology, visceral sensitivity, barrier function, pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and proteomics analysis. 29232851 5 14 dep cytokines 867:875 arg1 cytokines 867:875 pro-inflammatory cytokines 850:875 pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and proteomics analysis 850:910 Eight weeks after infection, intestinal tissues were collected for assessing histomorphology, visceral sensitivity, barrier function, pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and proteomics analysis. 29232851 7 15 dep cytokines 993:1001 arg1 expression 1003:1012 expression 1003:1012 The pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in Caco-2 cells 972:1028 The pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in Caco-2 cells were evaluated after co-incubation with PB and Salmonella typhimurium 14028. 29232851 9 16 theme PB 1420:1421 arg1 intervention 1423:1434 PB intervention 1420:1434 PB intervention (p < 0.05) 1420:1445 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). 29232851 9 16 theme PB 1420:1421 arg1 < 1439:1439 p < 0.05 1437:1444 p < 0.05 1437:1444 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). 29232851 5 17 theme pro-inflammatory 850:865 arg1 expression 877:886 expression 877:886 expression 877:886 Eight weeks after infection, intestinal tissues were collected for assessing histomorphology, visceral sensitivity, barrier function, pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and proteomics analysis. 29232851 5 17 theme pro-inflammatory 850:865 arg1 analysis 903:910 proteomics analysis 892:910 proteomics analysis 892:910 Eight weeks after infection, intestinal tissues were collected for assessing histomorphology, visceral sensitivity, barrier function, pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and proteomics analysis. 29232851 5 17 theme pro-inflammatory 850:865 arg1 histomorphology 793:807 histomorphology 793:807 histomorphology 793:807 Eight weeks after infection, intestinal tissues were collected for assessing histomorphology, visceral sensitivity, barrier function, pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and proteomics analysis. 29232851 5 17 theme pro-inflammatory 850:865 arg1 cytokines 867:875 pro-inflammatory cytokines 850:875 pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and proteomics analysis 850:910 Eight weeks after infection, intestinal tissues were collected for assessing histomorphology, visceral sensitivity, barrier function, pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and proteomics analysis. 29232851 10 18 theme proteomics 1452:1461 arg1 analysis 1463:1470 The proteomics analysis 1448:1470 The proteomics analysis 1448:1470 The proteomics analysis revealed that this function was associated with Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ pathway. 29232851 5 19 theme visceral 810:817 arg1 histomorphology 793:807 histomorphology 793:807 histomorphology 793:807 Eight weeks after infection, intestinal tissues were collected for assessing histomorphology, visceral sensitivity, barrier function, pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and proteomics analysis. 29232851 5 19 theme visceral 810:817 arg1 sensitivity 819:829 visceral sensitivity 810:829 visceral sensitivity 810:829 Eight weeks after infection, intestinal tissues were collected for assessing histomorphology, visceral sensitivity, barrier function, pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and proteomics analysis. 29232851 0 20 theme Novel 2:6 arg1 Product 24:30 A Novel Prebiotic Blend Product 0:30 A Novel Prebiotic Blend Product 0:30 A Novel Prebiotic Blend Product Prevents Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Mice by Improving Gut Microbiota and Modulating Immune Response. 29232851 9 21 theme expression 1273:1282 arg1 loss 1242:1245 The loss 1238:1245 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections 1238:1389 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). 29232851 9 22 theme p 1437:1437 arg1 intervention 1423:1434 PB intervention 1420:1434 PB intervention (p < 0.05) 1420:1445 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). 29232851 9 22 theme p 1437:1437 arg1 < 1439:1439 p < 0.05 1437:1444 p < 0.05 1437:1444 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). 29232851 5 23 theme intestinal 745:754 arg1 tissues 756:762 intestinal tissues 745:762 intestinal tissues 745:762 Eight weeks after infection, intestinal tissues were collected for assessing histomorphology, visceral sensitivity, barrier function, pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and proteomics analysis. 29232851 5 24 dep weeks 722:726 arg1 infection 734:742 infection 734:742 infection 734:742 Eight weeks after infection, intestinal tissues were collected for assessing histomorphology, visceral sensitivity, barrier function, pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and proteomics analysis. 29232851 0 25 theme Blend 18:22 arg1 Product 24:30 A Novel Prebiotic Blend Product 0:30 A Novel Prebiotic Blend Product 0:30 A Novel Prebiotic Blend Product Prevents Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Mice by Improving Gut Microbiota and Modulating Immune Response. 29232851 0 26 theme Immune 117:122 arg1 Response 124:131 Immune Response 117:131 Immune Response 117:131 A Novel Prebiotic Blend Product Prevents Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Mice by Improving Gut Microbiota and Modulating Immune Response. 29232851 2 27 theme study 288:292 arg1 aim 276:278 The aim 272:278 The aim of this study 272:292 The aim of this study is to determine whether a novel prebiotic blend (PB) composed of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), inulin and anthocyanins could be effective in preventing the development of IBS. 29232851 0 28 theme Prebiotic 8:16 arg1 Product 24:30 A Novel Prebiotic Blend Product 0:30 A Novel Prebiotic Blend Product 0:30 A Novel Prebiotic Blend Product Prevents Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Mice by Improving Gut Microbiota and Modulating Immune Response. 29232851 9 29 theme changes 1331:1337 arg1 loss 1242:1245 The loss 1238:1245 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections 1238:1389 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). 29232851 9 30 theme body 1250:1253 arg1 weight 1255:1260 body weight 1250:1260 body weight 1250:1260 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). 29232851 3 31 theme possible 516:523 arg1 mechanisms 525:534 the possible mechanisms 512:534 the possible mechanisms 512:534 We explored the possible mechanisms both in animal and in cells. 29232851 1 32 theme common 177:182 arg1 disorder 212:219 the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder 168:219 the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder 168:219 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder yet it still lacks effective prevention therapies. 29232851 1 32 theme common 177:182 arg1 syndrome 150:157 Irritable bowel syndrome 134:157 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 134:163 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder yet it still lacks effective prevention therapies. 29232851 8 33 theme PI-IBS 1223:1228 arg1 models 1230:1235 PI-IBS models 1223:1235 PI-IBS models 1223:1235 The results showed that PB significantly decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines both in infected Caco-2 cells and PI-IBS models. 29232851 7 34 from expression 1003:1012 arg1 cells 1024:1028 Caco-2 cells 1017:1028 Caco-2 cells 1017:1028 The pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in Caco-2 cells were evaluated after co-incubation with PB and Salmonella typhimurium 14028. 29232851 4 35 from models 585:590 arg1 mice 603:606 C57BL/6 mice 595:606 C57BL/6 mice 595:606 Post-infectious IBS models in C57BL/6 mice were established and were pretreated with the PB, PB and probiotic strains 8 weeks in advance of infection. 29232851 1 36 theme functional 184:193 arg1 disorder 212:219 the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder 168:219 the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder 168:219 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder yet it still lacks effective prevention therapies. 29232851 1 36 theme functional 184:193 arg1 syndrome 150:157 Irritable bowel syndrome 134:157 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 134:163 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder yet it still lacks effective prevention therapies. 29232851 7 37 dep Salmonella 1077:1086 arg1 typhimurium 1088:1098 typhimurium 1088:1098 typhimurium 1088:1098 The pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in Caco-2 cells were evaluated after co-incubation with PB and Salmonella typhimurium 14028. 29232851 2 38 theme IBS 495:497 arg1 development 480:490 the development 476:490 the development of IBS 476:497 The aim of this study is to determine whether a novel prebiotic blend (PB) composed of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), inulin and anthocyanins could be effective in preventing the development of IBS. 29232851 4 39 theme C57BL/6 595:601 arg1 mice 603:606 C57BL/6 mice 595:606 C57BL/6 mice 595:606 Post-infectious IBS models in C57BL/6 mice were established and were pretreated with the PB, PB and probiotic strains 8 weeks in advance of infection. 29232851 0 40 theme Bowel 51:55 arg1 Syndrome 57:64 Irritable Bowel Syndrome 41:64 Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Mice 41:72 A Novel Prebiotic Blend Product Prevents Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Mice by Improving Gut Microbiota and Modulating Immune Response. 29232851 5 41 theme barrier 832:838 arg1 histomorphology 793:807 histomorphology 793:807 histomorphology 793:807 Eight weeks after infection, intestinal tissues were collected for assessing histomorphology, visceral sensitivity, barrier function, pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and proteomics analysis. 29232851 5 41 theme barrier 832:838 arg1 function 840:847 barrier function 832:847 barrier function 832:847 Eight weeks after infection, intestinal tissues were collected for assessing histomorphology, visceral sensitivity, barrier function, pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and proteomics analysis. 29232851 10 42 theme γ 1569:1569 arg1 pathway 1571:1577 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ pathway 1520:1577 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ pathway 1520:1577 The proteomics analysis revealed that this function was associated with Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ pathway. 29232851 0 43 from Syndrome 57:64 arg1 Mice 69:72 Mice 69:72 Mice 69:72 A Novel Prebiotic Blend Product Prevents Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Mice by Improving Gut Microbiota and Modulating Immune Response. 29232851 2 44 theme novel 320:324 arg1 effective 452:460 effective 452:460 effective 452:460 The aim of this study is to determine whether a novel prebiotic blend (PB) composed of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), inulin and anthocyanins could be effective in preventing the development of IBS. 29232851 2 44 theme novel 320:324 arg1 blend 336:340 a novel prebiotic blend 318:340 a novel prebiotic blend (PB) composed of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), inulin and anthocyanins 318:441 The aim of this study is to determine whether a novel prebiotic blend (PB) composed of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), inulin and anthocyanins could be effective in preventing the development of IBS. 29232851 2 44 theme novel 320:324 arg1 PB 343:344 PB 343:344 PB 343:344 The aim of this study is to determine whether a novel prebiotic blend (PB) composed of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), inulin and anthocyanins could be effective in preventing the development of IBS. 29232851 0 45 theme Irritable 41:49 arg1 Syndrome 57:64 Irritable Bowel Syndrome 41:64 Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Mice 41:72 A Novel Prebiotic Blend Product Prevents Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Mice by Improving Gut Microbiota and Modulating Immune Response. 29232851 9 46 theme composition 1357:1367 arg1 changes 1331:1337 changes 1331:1337 changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections 1331:1389 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). 29232851 9 46 theme composition 1357:1367 arg1 weight 1255:1260 body weight 1250:1260 body weight 1250:1260 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). 29232851 9 46 theme composition 1357:1367 arg1 expression 1273:1282 decreased expression 1263:1282 decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN) 1263:1324 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). 29232851 9 47 theme weight 1255:1260 arg1 loss 1242:1245 The loss 1238:1245 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections 1238:1389 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). 29232851 7 48 theme pro-inflammatory 976:991 arg1 cytokines 993:1001 The pro-inflammatory cytokines 972:1001 The pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in Caco-2 cells 972:1028 The pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in Caco-2 cells were evaluated after co-incubation with PB and Salmonella typhimurium 14028. 29232851 8 49 theme infected 1197:1204 arg1 cells 1213:1217 infected Caco-2 cells 1197:1217 infected Caco-2 cells 1197:1217 The results showed that PB significantly decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines both in infected Caco-2 cells and PI-IBS models. 29232851 7 50 theme Caco-2 1017:1022 arg1 cells 1024:1028 Caco-2 cells 1017:1028 Caco-2 cells 1017:1028 The pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in Caco-2 cells were evaluated after co-incubation with PB and Salmonella typhimurium 14028. 29232851 4 51 theme probiotic 665:673 arg1 strains 675:681 probiotic strains 665:681 probiotic strains 665:681 Post-infectious IBS models in C57BL/6 mice were established and were pretreated with the PB, PB and probiotic strains 8 weeks in advance of infection. 29232851 8 52 theme pro-inflammatory 1162:1177 arg1 cytokines 1179:1187 the pro-inflammatory cytokines 1158:1187 the pro-inflammatory cytokines both in infected Caco-2 cells and PI-IBS models 1158:1235 The results showed that PB significantly decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines both in infected Caco-2 cells and PI-IBS models. 29232851 9 53 theme decreased 1263:1271 arg1 expression 1273:1282 decreased expression 1263:1282 decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN) 1263:1324 The loss of body weight, decreased expression of tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN), and changes of the microbiota composition induced by infections could be greatly improved by PB intervention (p < 0.05). 29232851 5 54 theme proteomics 892:901 arg1 analysis 903:910 proteomics analysis 892:910 proteomics analysis 892:910 Eight weeks after infection, intestinal tissues were collected for assessing histomorphology, visceral sensitivity, barrier function, pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and proteomics analysis. 29232851 5 54 theme proteomics 892:901 arg1 cytokines 867:875 pro-inflammatory cytokines 850:875 pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and proteomics analysis 850:910 Eight weeks after infection, intestinal tissues were collected for assessing histomorphology, visceral sensitivity, barrier function, pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and proteomics analysis. 29232851 7 55 theme Salmonella 1077:1086 arg1 14028 1100:1104 Salmonella typhimurium 14028 1077:1104 Salmonella typhimurium 14028 1077:1104 The pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in Caco-2 cells were evaluated after co-incubation with PB and Salmonella typhimurium 14028. 29232851 10 56 theme receptor 1554:1561 arg1 pathway 1571:1577 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ pathway 1520:1577 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ pathway 1520:1577 The proteomics analysis revealed that this function was associated with Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ pathway. 29232851 1 57 theme gastrointestinal 195:210 arg1 disorder 212:219 the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder 168:219 the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder 168:219 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder yet it still lacks effective prevention therapies. 29232851 1 57 theme gastrointestinal 195:210 arg1 syndrome 150:157 Irritable bowel syndrome 134:157 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 134:163 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder yet it still lacks effective prevention therapies. 29232851 1 58 theme Irritable 134:142 arg1 IBS 160:162 IBS 160:162 IBS 160:162 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder yet it still lacks effective prevention therapies. 29232851 1 58 theme Irritable 134:142 arg1 syndrome 150:157 Irritable bowel syndrome 134:157 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 134:163 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder yet it still lacks effective prevention therapies. 29232851 1 58 theme Irritable 134:142 arg1 disorder 212:219 the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder 168:219 the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder 168:219 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder yet it still lacks effective prevention therapies. 29232851 4 59 theme IBS 581:583 arg1 models 585:590 Post-infectious IBS models 565:590 Post-infectious IBS models in C57BL/6 mice 565:606 Post-infectious IBS models in C57BL/6 mice were established and were pretreated with the PB, PB and probiotic strains 8 weeks in advance of infection. 29232851 10 60 theme proliferator-activated 1531:1552 arg1 PPAR 1564:1567 PPAR 1564:1567 PPAR 1564:1567 The proteomics analysis revealed that this function was associated with Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ pathway. 29232851 10 60 theme proliferator-activated 1531:1552 arg1 receptor 1554:1561 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 1520:1561 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ pathway 1520:1577 The proteomics analysis revealed that this function was associated with Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ pathway. 29232851 8 61 theme Caco-2 1206:1211 arg1 cells 1213:1217 infected Caco-2 cells 1197:1217 infected Caco-2 cells 1197:1217 The results showed that PB significantly decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines both in infected Caco-2 cells and PI-IBS models. 29232851 1 62 theme bowel 144:148 arg1 IBS 160:162 IBS 160:162 IBS 160:162 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder yet it still lacks effective prevention therapies. 29232851 1 62 theme bowel 144:148 arg1 syndrome 150:157 Irritable bowel syndrome 134:157 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 134:163 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder yet it still lacks effective prevention therapies. 29232851 1 62 theme bowel 144:148 arg1 disorder 212:219 the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder 168:219 the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder 168:219 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder yet it still lacks effective prevention therapies. 29232851 6 63 theme Fecal 913:917 arg1 samples 919:925 Fecal samples 913:925 Fecal samples 913:925 Fecal samples were also collected for microbiota analysis. 29232851 4 64 theme Post-infectious 565:579 arg1 models 585:590 Post-infectious IBS models 565:590 Post-infectious IBS models in C57BL/6 mice 565:606 Post-infectious IBS models in C57BL/6 mice were established and were pretreated with the PB, PB and probiotic strains 8 weeks in advance of infection. 28853687 2 0 theme novel 115:119 arg1 actinomycete 132:143 A novel endophytic actinomycete 113:143 A novel endophytic actinomycete 113:143 A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain SC1-1T, was isolated from sterilized stem tissue from Stahlianthus campanulatus collected in Udon Thani province, Thailand. 28853687 3 1 from acid 383:386 arg1 peptidoglycan 405:417 the cell wall peptidoglycan 391:417 the cell wall peptidoglycan 391:417 The isolate formed short chains of spores on aerial mycelium and presented meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan. 28853687 3 2 theme spores 323:328 arg1 chains 313:318 short chains 307:318 short chains of spores on aerial mycelium 307:347 The isolate formed short chains of spores on aerial mycelium and presented meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan. 28853687 12 3 theme =BCC 1791:1794 arg1 110006T 1808:1814 =BCC 66361T=NBRC 110006T 1791:1814 =BCC 66361T=NBRC 110006T 1791:1814 The type strain is strain SC1-1T (=BCC 66361T=NBRC 110006T). 28853687 12 3 theme =BCC 1791:1794 arg1 SC1-1T 1783:1788 strain SC1-1T 1776:1788 strain SC1-1T (=BCC 66361T=NBRC 110006T) 1776:1815 The type strain is strain SC1-1T (=BCC 66361T=NBRC 110006T). 28853687 9 4 theme taxonomic 953:961 arg1 position 963:970 The taxonomic position 949:970 The taxonomic position based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 949:1015 The taxonomic position based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SC1-1T belonged to the genus Nonomuraea and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value with Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T (98.82 %), followed by Nonomuraea africana IFO 14745T (98.58 %), Nonomuraea jabiensis A4036T (98.43 %), Nonomuraea endophytica YIM 65601T (98.36 %), Nonomuraea purpurea 1SM4-01T (98.34 %), Nonomuraea angiospora IFO 13155T (98.29 %), Nonomuraea roseola IFO 14685T (98.23 %) and Nonomuraea recticatena IFO 14525T (98.23 %). 28853687 9 5 theme genus 1061:1065 arg1 Nonomuraea 1067:1076 the genus Nonomuraea 1057:1076 the genus Nonomuraea 1057:1076 The taxonomic position based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SC1-1T belonged to the genus Nonomuraea and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value with Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T (98.82 %), followed by Nonomuraea africana IFO 14745T (98.58 %), Nonomuraea jabiensis A4036T (98.43 %), Nonomuraea endophytica YIM 65601T (98.36 %), Nonomuraea purpurea 1SM4-01T (98.34 %), Nonomuraea angiospora IFO 13155T (98.29 %), Nonomuraea roseola IFO 14685T (98.23 %) and Nonomuraea recticatena IFO 14525T (98.23 %). 28853687 8 6 theme G+C 893:895 arg1 % 914:914 70.7 mol% 906:914 70.7 mol% 906:914 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) was present in the genomic DNA. 28853687 8 6 theme G+C 893:895 arg1 present 921:927 present 921:927 present 921:927 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) was present in the genomic DNA. 28853687 8 6 theme G+C 893:895 arg1 content 897:903 A high G+C content 886:903 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) 886:915 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) was present in the genomic DNA. 28853687 3 7 theme meso-diaminopimelic 363:381 arg1 acid 383:386 meso-diaminopimelic acid 363:386 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan 363:417 The isolate formed short chains of spores on aerial mycelium and presented meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan. 28853687 2 8 theme strain 157:162 arg1 SC1-1T 164:169 strain SC1-1T 157:169 strain SC1-1T 157:169 A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain SC1-1T, was isolated from sterilized stem tissue from Stahlianthus campanulatus collected in Udon Thani province, Thailand. 28853687 8 9 theme 70.7 mol 906:913 arg1 % 914:914 70.7 mol% 906:914 70.7 mol% 906:914 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) was present in the genomic DNA. 28853687 8 9 theme 70.7 mol 906:913 arg1 content 897:903 A high G+C content 886:903 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) 886:915 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) was present in the genomic DNA. 28853687 9 10 theme 16S 1101:1103 arg1 value 1135:1139 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value 1089:1139 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value 1089:1139 The taxonomic position based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SC1-1T belonged to the genus Nonomuraea and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value with Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T (98.82 %), followed by Nonomuraea africana IFO 14745T (98.58 %), Nonomuraea jabiensis A4036T (98.43 %), Nonomuraea endophytica YIM 65601T (98.36 %), Nonomuraea purpurea 1SM4-01T (98.34 %), Nonomuraea angiospora IFO 13155T (98.29 %), Nonomuraea roseola IFO 14685T (98.23 %) and Nonomuraea recticatena IFO 14525T (98.23 %). 28853687 7 11 dep iso-C16:0 841:849 arg1 10-methyl 852:860 10-methyl 852:860 10-methyl 852:860 The main cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 28853687 4 12 from sugars 485:490 arg1 cells 499:503 the cells 495:503 the cells 495:503 Glucose, madurose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose were observed as sugars in the cells. 28853687 5 13 theme phosphatidylinositol 681:700 arg1 mannoside 702:710 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 681:710 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 681:710 The cell membrane phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipids. 28853687 10 14 theme novel 1654:1658 arg1 species 1660:1666 a novel species 1652:1666 a novel species 1652:1666 On the basis of the DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness and including the physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain SC1-1T should be judged as a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. 28853687 10 14 theme novel 1654:1658 arg1 SC1-1T 1625:1630 strain SC1-1T 1618:1630 strain SC1-1T 1618:1630 On the basis of the DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness and including the physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain SC1-1T should be judged as a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. 28853687 7 15 theme cellular 815:822 arg1 C17  862:865 C17  862:865 C17  862:865 The main cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 28853687 7 15 theme cellular 815:822 arg1 acids 830:834 The main cellular fatty acids 806:834 The main cellular fatty acids 806:834 The main cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 28853687 10 16 theme DNA-DNA 1519:1525 arg1 hybridization 1527:1539 DNA-DNA hybridization 1519:1539 the DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness and including the physiological and biochemical characteristics 1515:1615 On the basis of the DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness and including the physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain SC1-1T should be judged as a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. 28853687 0 17 theme Nonomuraea 0:9 arg1 sp 23:24 Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp 0:24 Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. 0:25 Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. 28853687 9 18 theme highest 1093:1099 arg1 value 1135:1139 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value 1089:1139 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value 1089:1139 The taxonomic position based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SC1-1T belonged to the genus Nonomuraea and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value with Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T (98.82 %), followed by Nonomuraea africana IFO 14745T (98.58 %), Nonomuraea jabiensis A4036T (98.43 %), Nonomuraea endophytica YIM 65601T (98.36 %), Nonomuraea purpurea 1SM4-01T (98.34 %), Nonomuraea angiospora IFO 13155T (98.29 %), Nonomuraea roseola IFO 14685T (98.23 %) and Nonomuraea recticatena IFO 14525T (98.23 %). 28853687 8 19 attach present 921:927 arg2 content 897:903 A high G+C content 886:903 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) 886:915 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) was present in the genomic DNA. 28853687 8 19 attach present 921:927 arg2 present 921:927 present 921:927 present 921:927 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) was present in the genomic DNA. 28853687 8 19 attach present 921:927 arg1 DNA 944:946 the genomic DNA 932:946 the genomic DNA 932:946 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) was present in the genomic DNA. 28853687 8 19 attach present 921:927 arg2 % 914:914 70.7 mol% 906:914 70.7 mol% 906:914 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) was present in the genomic DNA. 28853687 0 20 theme stahlianthi 11:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp 0:24 Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. 0:25 Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. 28853687 5 21 theme ninhydrin-positive 716:733 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 735:752 ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipids 716:752 ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipids 716:752 The cell membrane phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipids. 28853687 2 22 from campanulatus 231:242 arg1 tissue 206:211 sterilized stem tissue 190:211 sterilized stem tissue from Stahlianthus campanulatus collected in Udon Thani province, Thailand 190:285 A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain SC1-1T, was isolated from sterilized stem tissue from Stahlianthus campanulatus collected in Udon Thani province, Thailand. 28853687 8 23 from DNA 944:946 arg1 present 921:927 present 921:927 present 921:927 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) was present in the genomic DNA. 28853687 8 23 from DNA 944:946 arg1 content 897:903 A high G+C content 886:903 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) 886:915 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) was present in the genomic DNA. 28853687 3 24 theme cell 395:398 arg1 peptidoglycan 405:417 the cell wall peptidoglycan 391:417 the cell wall peptidoglycan 391:417 The isolate formed short chains of spores on aerial mycelium and presented meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan. 28853687 1 25 attach isolated 60:67 arg2 actinomycete 47:58 an endophytic actinomycete 33:58 an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the stem of Stahlianthus campanulatus 33:110 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the stem of Stahlianthus campanulatus. 28853687 1 25 attach isolated 60:67 arg1 stem 78:81 the stem 74:81 the stem of Stahlianthus campanulatus 74:110 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the stem of Stahlianthus campanulatus. 28853687 10 26 theme Nonomuraea 1681:1690 arg1 species 1660:1666 a novel species 1652:1666 a novel species 1652:1666 On the basis of the DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness and including the physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain SC1-1T should be judged as a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. 28853687 10 26 theme Nonomuraea 1681:1690 arg1 SC1-1T 1625:1630 strain SC1-1T 1618:1630 strain SC1-1T 1618:1630 On the basis of the DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness and including the physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain SC1-1T should be judged as a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. 28853687 9 27 theme rRNA 1105:1108 arg1 value 1135:1139 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value 1089:1139 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value 1089:1139 The taxonomic position based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SC1-1T belonged to the genus Nonomuraea and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value with Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T (98.82 %), followed by Nonomuraea africana IFO 14745T (98.58 %), Nonomuraea jabiensis A4036T (98.43 %), Nonomuraea endophytica YIM 65601T (98.36 %), Nonomuraea purpurea 1SM4-01T (98.34 %), Nonomuraea angiospora IFO 13155T (98.29 %), Nonomuraea roseola IFO 14685T (98.23 %) and Nonomuraea recticatena IFO 14525T (98.23 %). 28853687 10 28 theme hybridization 1527:1539 arg1 relatedness 1541:1551 the DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness 1515:1551 the DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness and including the physiological and biochemical characteristics 1515:1615 On the basis of the DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness and including the physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain SC1-1T should be judged as a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. 28853687 9 29 theme rRNA 989:992 arg1 analysis 1008:1015 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 981:1015 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 981:1015 The taxonomic position based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SC1-1T belonged to the genus Nonomuraea and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value with Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T (98.82 %), followed by Nonomuraea africana IFO 14745T (98.58 %), Nonomuraea jabiensis A4036T (98.43 %), Nonomuraea endophytica YIM 65601T (98.36 %), Nonomuraea purpurea 1SM4-01T (98.34 %), Nonomuraea angiospora IFO 13155T (98.29 %), Nonomuraea roseola IFO 14685T (98.23 %) and Nonomuraea recticatena IFO 14525T (98.23 %). 28853687 10 30 theme stahlianthi 1723:1733 arg1 sp 1735:1736 the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp 1703:1736 the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp 1703:1736 On the basis of the DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness and including the physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain SC1-1T should be judged as a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. 28853687 12 31 theme type 1761:1764 arg1 strain 1766:1771 The type strain 1757:1771 The type strain 1757:1771 The type strain is strain SC1-1T (=BCC 66361T=NBRC 110006T). 28853687 12 31 theme type 1761:1764 arg1 SC1-1T 1783:1788 strain SC1-1T 1776:1788 strain SC1-1T (=BCC 66361T=NBRC 110006T) 1776:1815 The type strain is strain SC1-1T (=BCC 66361T=NBRC 110006T). 28853687 1 32 theme Stahlianthus 86:97 arg1 campanulatus 99:110 Stahlianthus campanulatus 86:110 Stahlianthus campanulatus 86:110 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the stem of Stahlianthus campanulatus. 28853687 9 33 theme gene 1110:1113 arg1 value 1135:1139 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value 1089:1139 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value 1089:1139 The taxonomic position based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SC1-1T belonged to the genus Nonomuraea and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value with Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T (98.82 %), followed by Nonomuraea africana IFO 14745T (98.58 %), Nonomuraea jabiensis A4036T (98.43 %), Nonomuraea endophytica YIM 65601T (98.36 %), Nonomuraea purpurea 1SM4-01T (98.34 %), Nonomuraea angiospora IFO 13155T (98.29 %), Nonomuraea roseola IFO 14685T (98.23 %) and Nonomuraea recticatena IFO 14525T (98.23 %). 28853687 10 34 theme biochemical 1589:1599 arg1 characteristics 1601:1615 the physiological and biochemical characteristics 1567:1615 the physiological and biochemical characteristics 1567:1615 On the basis of the DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness and including the physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain SC1-1T should be judged as a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. 28853687 9 35 theme gene 994:997 arg1 analysis 1008:1015 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 981:1015 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 981:1015 The taxonomic position based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SC1-1T belonged to the genus Nonomuraea and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value with Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T (98.82 %), followed by Nonomuraea africana IFO 14745T (98.58 %), Nonomuraea jabiensis A4036T (98.43 %), Nonomuraea endophytica YIM 65601T (98.36 %), Nonomuraea purpurea 1SM4-01T (98.34 %), Nonomuraea angiospora IFO 13155T (98.29 %), Nonomuraea roseola IFO 14685T (98.23 %) and Nonomuraea recticatena IFO 14525T (98.23 %). 28853687 8 36 located present 921:927 arg2 content 897:903 A high G+C content 886:903 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) 886:915 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) was present in the genomic DNA. 28853687 8 36 located present 921:927 arg2 present 921:927 present 921:927 present 921:927 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) was present in the genomic DNA. 28853687 8 36 located present 921:927 arg1 DNA 944:946 the genomic DNA 932:946 the genomic DNA 932:946 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) was present in the genomic DNA. 28853687 8 36 located present 921:927 arg2 % 914:914 70.7 mol% 906:914 70.7 mol% 906:914 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) was present in the genomic DNA. 28853687 9 37 dep shared 1082:1087 arg1 % 1184:1184 98.82 % 1178:1184 98.82 % 1178:1184 The taxonomic position based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SC1-1T belonged to the genus Nonomuraea and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value with Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T (98.82 %), followed by Nonomuraea africana IFO 14745T (98.58 %), Nonomuraea jabiensis A4036T (98.43 %), Nonomuraea endophytica YIM 65601T (98.36 %), Nonomuraea purpurea 1SM4-01T (98.34 %), Nonomuraea angiospora IFO 13155T (98.29 %), Nonomuraea roseola IFO 14685T (98.23 %) and Nonomuraea recticatena IFO 14525T (98.23 %). 28853687 1 38 theme campanulatus 99:110 arg1 stem 78:81 the stem 74:81 the stem of Stahlianthus campanulatus 74:110 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the stem of Stahlianthus campanulatus. 28853687 9 39 theme sequence 1115:1122 arg1 value 1135:1139 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value 1089:1139 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value 1089:1139 The taxonomic position based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SC1-1T belonged to the genus Nonomuraea and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value with Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T (98.82 %), followed by Nonomuraea africana IFO 14745T (98.58 %), Nonomuraea jabiensis A4036T (98.43 %), Nonomuraea endophytica YIM 65601T (98.36 %), Nonomuraea purpurea 1SM4-01T (98.34 %), Nonomuraea angiospora IFO 13155T (98.29 %), Nonomuraea roseola IFO 14685T (98.23 %) and Nonomuraea recticatena IFO 14525T (98.23 %). 28853687 2 40 attach isolated 176:183 arg2 actinomycete 132:143 A novel endophytic actinomycete 113:143 A novel endophytic actinomycete 113:143 A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain SC1-1T, was isolated from sterilized stem tissue from Stahlianthus campanulatus collected in Udon Thani province, Thailand. 28853687 2 40 attach isolated 176:183 arg1 tissue 206:211 sterilized stem tissue 190:211 sterilized stem tissue from Stahlianthus campanulatus collected in Udon Thani province, Thailand 190:285 A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain SC1-1T, was isolated from sterilized stem tissue from Stahlianthus campanulatus collected in Udon Thani province, Thailand. 28853687 9 41 theme sequence 999:1006 arg1 analysis 1008:1015 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 981:1015 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 981:1015 The taxonomic position based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SC1-1T belonged to the genus Nonomuraea and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value with Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T (98.82 %), followed by Nonomuraea africana IFO 14745T (98.58 %), Nonomuraea jabiensis A4036T (98.43 %), Nonomuraea endophytica YIM 65601T (98.36 %), Nonomuraea purpurea 1SM4-01T (98.34 %), Nonomuraea angiospora IFO 13155T (98.29 %), Nonomuraea roseola IFO 14685T (98.23 %) and Nonomuraea recticatena IFO 14525T (98.23 %). 28853687 10 42 theme genus 1675:1679 arg1 Nonomuraea 1681:1690 the genus Nonomuraea 1671:1690 the genus Nonomuraea 1671:1690 On the basis of the DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness and including the physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain SC1-1T should be judged as a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. 28853687 12 43 theme 66361T=NBRC 1796:1806 arg1 110006T 1808:1814 =BCC 66361T=NBRC 110006T 1791:1814 =BCC 66361T=NBRC 110006T 1791:1814 The type strain is strain SC1-1T (=BCC 66361T=NBRC 110006T). 28853687 12 43 theme 66361T=NBRC 1796:1806 arg1 SC1-1T 1783:1788 strain SC1-1T 1776:1788 strain SC1-1T (=BCC 66361T=NBRC 110006T) 1776:1815 The type strain is strain SC1-1T (=BCC 66361T=NBRC 110006T). 28853687 10 44 theme name 1707:1710 arg1 sp 1735:1736 the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp 1703:1736 the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp 1703:1736 On the basis of the DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness and including the physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain SC1-1T should be judged as a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. 28853687 9 45 theme similarity 1124:1133 arg1 value 1135:1139 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value 1089:1139 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value 1089:1139 The taxonomic position based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SC1-1T belonged to the genus Nonomuraea and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value with Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T (98.82 %), followed by Nonomuraea africana IFO 14745T (98.58 %), Nonomuraea jabiensis A4036T (98.43 %), Nonomuraea endophytica YIM 65601T (98.36 %), Nonomuraea purpurea 1SM4-01T (98.34 %), Nonomuraea angiospora IFO 13155T (98.29 %), Nonomuraea roseola IFO 14685T (98.23 %) and Nonomuraea recticatena IFO 14525T (98.23 %). 28853687 10 46 theme physiological 1571:1583 arg1 characteristics 1601:1615 the physiological and biochemical characteristics 1567:1615 the physiological and biochemical characteristics 1567:1615 On the basis of the DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness and including the physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain SC1-1T should be judged as a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. 28853687 3 47 theme wall 400:403 arg1 peptidoglycan 405:417 the cell wall peptidoglycan 391:417 the cell wall peptidoglycan 391:417 The isolate formed short chains of spores on aerial mycelium and presented meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan. 28853687 9 48 theme 16S 985:987 arg1 analysis 1008:1015 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 981:1015 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 981:1015 The taxonomic position based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SC1-1T belonged to the genus Nonomuraea and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value with Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T (98.82 %), followed by Nonomuraea africana IFO 14745T (98.58 %), Nonomuraea jabiensis A4036T (98.43 %), Nonomuraea endophytica YIM 65601T (98.36 %), Nonomuraea purpurea 1SM4-01T (98.34 %), Nonomuraea angiospora IFO 13155T (98.29 %), Nonomuraea roseola IFO 14685T (98.23 %) and Nonomuraea recticatena IFO 14525T (98.23 %). 28853687 3 49 theme short 307:311 arg1 chains 313:318 short chains 307:318 short chains of spores on aerial mycelium 307:347 The isolate formed short chains of spores on aerial mycelium and presented meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan. 28853687 8 50 theme genomic 936:942 arg1 DNA 944:946 the genomic DNA 932:946 the genomic DNA 932:946 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) was present in the genomic DNA. 28853687 7 51 dep C17  862:865 arg1  1ω6c 879:883  1ω6c 879:883  1ω6c 879:883 The main cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 28853687 7 51 dep C17  862:865 arg1 C17  874:877 C17  874:877 C17  874:877 The main cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 28853687 7 51 dep C17  862:865 arg1  0 867:868  0 867:868  0 867:868 The main cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 28853687 12 52 theme strain 1776:1781 arg1 110006T 1808:1814 =BCC 66361T=NBRC 110006T 1791:1814 =BCC 66361T=NBRC 110006T 1791:1814 The type strain is strain SC1-1T (=BCC 66361T=NBRC 110006T). 28853687 12 52 theme strain 1776:1781 arg1 strain 1766:1771 The type strain 1757:1771 The type strain 1757:1771 The type strain is strain SC1-1T (=BCC 66361T=NBRC 110006T). 28853687 12 52 theme strain 1776:1781 arg1 SC1-1T 1783:1788 strain SC1-1T 1776:1788 strain SC1-1T (=BCC 66361T=NBRC 110006T) 1776:1815 The type strain is strain SC1-1T (=BCC 66361T=NBRC 110006T). 28853687 9 53 theme Nonomuraea 1146:1155 arg1 44320T 1170:1175 Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T 1146:1175 Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T 1146:1175 The taxonomic position based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SC1-1T belonged to the genus Nonomuraea and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value with Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T (98.82 %), followed by Nonomuraea africana IFO 14745T (98.58 %), Nonomuraea jabiensis A4036T (98.43 %), Nonomuraea endophytica YIM 65601T (98.36 %), Nonomuraea purpurea 1SM4-01T (98.34 %), Nonomuraea angiospora IFO 13155T (98.29 %), Nonomuraea roseola IFO 14685T (98.23 %) and Nonomuraea recticatena IFO 14525T (98.23 %). 28853687 10 54 theme strain 1618:1623 arg1 species 1660:1666 a novel species 1652:1666 a novel species 1652:1666 On the basis of the DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness and including the physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain SC1-1T should be judged as a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. 28853687 10 54 theme strain 1618:1623 arg1 SC1-1T 1625:1630 strain SC1-1T 1618:1630 strain SC1-1T 1618:1630 On the basis of the DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness and including the physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain SC1-1T should be judged as a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. 28853687 9 55 theme strain 1031:1036 arg1 SC1-1T 1038:1043 strain SC1-1T 1031:1043 strain SC1-1T 1031:1043 The taxonomic position based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SC1-1T belonged to the genus Nonomuraea and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value with Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T (98.82 %), followed by Nonomuraea africana IFO 14745T (98.58 %), Nonomuraea jabiensis A4036T (98.43 %), Nonomuraea endophytica YIM 65601T (98.36 %), Nonomuraea purpurea 1SM4-01T (98.34 %), Nonomuraea angiospora IFO 13155T (98.29 %), Nonomuraea roseola IFO 14685T (98.23 %) and Nonomuraea recticatena IFO 14525T (98.23 %). 28853687 10 56 theme Nonomuraea 1712:1721 arg1 sp 1735:1736 the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp 1703:1736 the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp 1703:1736 On the basis of the DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness and including the physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain SC1-1T should be judged as a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. 28853687 2 57 theme stem 201:204 arg1 tissue 206:211 sterilized stem tissue 190:211 sterilized stem tissue from Stahlianthus campanulatus collected in Udon Thani province, Thailand 190:285 A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain SC1-1T, was isolated from sterilized stem tissue from Stahlianthus campanulatus collected in Udon Thani province, Thailand. 28853687 10 58 dep relatedness 1541:1551 arg1 including 1557:1565 including 1557:1565 including the physiological and biochemical characteristics 1557:1615 On the basis of the DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness and including the physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain SC1-1T should be judged as a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. 28853687 10 58 dep relatedness 1541:1551 arg1 the 1502:1504 the 1502:1504 the 1502:1504 On the basis of the DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness and including the physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain SC1-1T should be judged as a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. 28853687 10 58 dep relatedness 1541:1551 arg1 basis 1506:1510 basis 1506:1510 basis 1506:1510 On the basis of the DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness and including the physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain SC1-1T should be judged as a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea stahlianthi sp. 28853687 9 59 theme dietziae 1157:1164 arg1 44320T 1170:1175 Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T 1146:1175 Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T 1146:1175 The taxonomic position based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SC1-1T belonged to the genus Nonomuraea and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value with Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T (98.82 %), followed by Nonomuraea africana IFO 14745T (98.58 %), Nonomuraea jabiensis A4036T (98.43 %), Nonomuraea endophytica YIM 65601T (98.36 %), Nonomuraea purpurea 1SM4-01T (98.34 %), Nonomuraea angiospora IFO 13155T (98.29 %), Nonomuraea roseola IFO 14685T (98.23 %) and Nonomuraea recticatena IFO 14525T (98.23 %). 28853687 1 60 dep actinomycete 47:58 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the stem of Stahlianthus campanulatus. 28853687 6 61 theme major 759:763 arg1 MK-9 783:786 MK-9 783:786 MK-9 783:786 The major menaquinones were MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H2). 28853687 6 61 theme major 759:763 arg1 menaquinones 765:776 The major menaquinones 755:776 The major menaquinones 755:776 The major menaquinones were MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H2). 28853687 7 62 theme fatty 824:828 arg1 C17  862:865 C17  862:865 C17  862:865 The main cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 28853687 7 62 theme fatty 824:828 arg1 acids 830:834 The main cellular fatty acids 806:834 The main cellular fatty acids 806:834 The main cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 28853687 2 63 theme sterilized 190:199 arg1 tissue 206:211 sterilized stem tissue 190:211 sterilized stem tissue from Stahlianthus campanulatus collected in Udon Thani province, Thailand 190:285 A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain SC1-1T, was isolated from sterilized stem tissue from Stahlianthus campanulatus collected in Udon Thani province, Thailand. 28853687 9 64 theme DSM 1166:1168 arg1 44320T 1170:1175 Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T 1146:1175 Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T 1146:1175 The taxonomic position based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SC1-1T belonged to the genus Nonomuraea and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value with Nonomuraea dietziae DSM 44320T (98.82 %), followed by Nonomuraea africana IFO 14745T (98.58 %), Nonomuraea jabiensis A4036T (98.43 %), Nonomuraea endophytica YIM 65601T (98.36 %), Nonomuraea purpurea 1SM4-01T (98.34 %), Nonomuraea angiospora IFO 13155T (98.29 %), Nonomuraea roseola IFO 14685T (98.23 %) and Nonomuraea recticatena IFO 14525T (98.23 %). 28853687 8 65 from present 921:927 arg1 DNA 944:946 the genomic DNA 932:946 the genomic DNA 932:946 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) was present in the genomic DNA. 28853687 5 66 theme cell 510:513 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 543:566 phosphatidylethanolamine 543:566 phosphatidylethanolamine 543:566 The cell membrane phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipids. 28853687 5 66 theme cell 510:513 arg1 phospholipids 524:536 The cell membrane phospholipids 506:536 The cell membrane phospholipids 506:536 The cell membrane phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipids. 28853687 7 67 theme main 810:813 arg1 C17  862:865 C17  862:865 C17  862:865 The main cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 28853687 7 67 theme main 810:813 arg1 acids 830:834 The main cellular fatty acids 806:834 The main cellular fatty acids 806:834 The main cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 28853687 3 68 theme aerial 333:338 arg1 mycelium 340:347 aerial mycelium 333:347 aerial mycelium 333:347 The isolate formed short chains of spores on aerial mycelium and presented meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan. 28853687 2 69 theme endophytic 121:130 arg1 actinomycete 132:143 A novel endophytic actinomycete 113:143 A novel endophytic actinomycete 113:143 A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain SC1-1T, was isolated from sterilized stem tissue from Stahlianthus campanulatus collected in Udon Thani province, Thailand. 28853687 1 70 theme endophytic 36:45 arg1 actinomycete 47:58 an endophytic actinomycete 33:58 an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the stem of Stahlianthus campanulatus 33:110 nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the stem of Stahlianthus campanulatus. 28853687 5 71 theme membrane 515:522 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 543:566 phosphatidylethanolamine 543:566 phosphatidylethanolamine 543:566 The cell membrane phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipids. 28853687 5 71 theme membrane 515:522 arg1 phospholipids 524:536 The cell membrane phospholipids 506:536 The cell membrane phospholipids 506:536 The cell membrane phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipids. 28853687 8 72 theme high 888:891 arg1 % 914:914 70.7 mol% 906:914 70.7 mol% 906:914 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) was present in the genomic DNA. 28853687 8 72 theme high 888:891 arg1 present 921:927 present 921:927 present 921:927 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) was present in the genomic DNA. 28853687 8 72 theme high 888:891 arg1 content 897:903 A high G+C content 886:903 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) 886:915 A high G+C content (70.7 mol%) was present in the genomic DNA. 28853687 3 73 from chains 313:318 arg1 mycelium 340:347 aerial mycelium 333:347 aerial mycelium 333:347 The isolate formed short chains of spores on aerial mycelium and presented meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan. 28594855 3 0 theme microbiome 467:476 arg1 role 451:454 an important role 438:454 an important role of the gut microbiome in body weight control and glucose metabolism and regulation 438:537 Numerous studies have indicated an important role of the gut microbiome in body weight control and glucose metabolism and regulation. 28594855 9 1 theme gut 1350:1352 arg1 composition 1374:1384 the gut bacterial community composition 1346:1384 the gut bacterial community composition 1346:1384 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 9 2 from changes 1480:1486 arg1 composition 1374:1384 the gut bacterial community composition 1346:1384 the gut bacterial community composition 1346:1384 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 4 3 theme artificial 559:568 arg1 saccharin 580:588 the artificial sweetener saccharin 555:588 the artificial sweetener saccharin 555:588 Interestingly, the artificial sweetener saccharin could alter gut microbiota and induce glucose intolerance, raising questions about the contribution of artificial sweeteners to the global epidemic of obesity and diabetes. 28594855 7 4 theme gut 1057:1059 arg1 microbiome 1061:1070 the gut microbiome 1053:1070 the gut microbiome 1053:1070 In this study, we explored the effects of Ace-K on the gut microbiome and the changes in fecal metabolic profiles using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. 28594855 3 5 theme glucose 505:511 arg1 metabolism 513:522 glucose metabolism 505:522 glucose metabolism 505:522 Numerous studies have indicated an important role of the gut microbiome in body weight control and glucose metabolism and regulation. 28594855 9 6 theme community 1364:1372 arg1 composition 1374:1384 the gut bacterial community composition 1346:1384 the gut bacterial community composition 1346:1384 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 11 7 theme interaction 1823:1833 arg1 role 1810:1813 the potential role 1796:1813 the potential role of this interaction in the development of obesity and the associated chronic inflammation 1796:1903 Collectively, our results may provide a novel understanding of the interaction between artificial sweeteners and the gut microbiome, as well as the potential role of this interaction in the development of obesity and the associated chronic inflammation. 28594855 11 7 theme interaction 1823:1833 arg1 understanding 1698:1710 a novel understanding 1690:1710 a novel understanding of the interaction between artificial sweeteners and the gut microbiome 1690:1782 Collectively, our results may provide a novel understanding of the interaction between artificial sweeteners and the gut microbiome, as well as the potential role of this interaction in the development of obesity and the associated chronic inflammation. 28594855 1 8 theme modern 159:164 arg1 diet 166:169 the modern diet 155:169 the modern diet 155:169 Artificial sweeteners have been widely used in the modern diet, and their observed effects on human health have been inconsistent, with both beneficial and adverse outcomes reported. 28594855 11 9 from understanding 1698:1710 arg1 development 1842:1852 the development 1838:1852 the development of obesity and the associated chronic inflammation 1838:1903 Collectively, our results may provide a novel understanding of the interaction between artificial sweeteners and the gut microbiome, as well as the potential role of this interaction in the development of obesity and the associated chronic inflammation. 28594855 5 10 used used 842:845 arg2 Acesulfame-potassium 763:782 Acesulfame-potassium 763:782 Acesulfame-potassium (Ace-K) 763:790 Acesulfame-potassium (Ace-K), a FDA-approved artificial sweetener, is commonly used, but its toxicity data reported to date are considered inadequate. 28594855 5 10 used used 842:845 arg2 sweetener 819:827 a FDA-approved artificial sweetener 793:827 a FDA-approved artificial sweetener 793:827 Acesulfame-potassium (Ace-K), a FDA-approved artificial sweetener, is commonly used, but its toxicity data reported to date are considered inadequate. 28594855 5 10 used used 842:845 arg2 Ace-K 785:789 Ace-K 785:789 Ace-K 785:789 Acesulfame-potassium (Ace-K), a FDA-approved artificial sweetener, is commonly used, but its toxicity data reported to date are considered inadequate. 28594855 9 11 theme bacterial 1412:1420 arg1 genes 1422:1426 functional bacterial genes 1401:1426 functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism 1401:1455 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 1 12 theme Artificial 108:117 arg1 sweeteners 119:128 Artificial sweeteners 108:128 Artificial sweeteners 108:128 Artificial sweeteners have been widely used in the modern diet, and their observed effects on human health have been inconsistent, with both beneficial and adverse outcomes reported. 28594855 5 13 theme FDA-approved 795:806 arg1 sweetener 819:827 a FDA-approved artificial sweetener 793:827 a FDA-approved artificial sweetener 793:827 Acesulfame-potassium (Ace-K), a FDA-approved artificial sweetener, is commonly used, but its toxicity data reported to date are considered inadequate. 28594855 5 13 theme FDA-approved 795:806 arg1 Acesulfame-potassium 763:782 Acesulfame-potassium 763:782 Acesulfame-potassium (Ace-K) 763:790 Acesulfame-potassium (Ace-K), a FDA-approved artificial sweetener, is commonly used, but its toxicity data reported to date are considered inadequate. 28594855 9 14 theme related 1428:1434 arg1 genes 1422:1426 functional bacterial genes 1401:1426 functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism 1401:1455 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 0 15 from microbiome 62:71 arg1 mice 102:105 CD-1 mice 97:105 CD-1 mice 97:105 The artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium affects the gut microbiome and body weight gain in CD-1 mice. 28594855 4 16 theme artificial 693:702 arg1 sweeteners 704:713 artificial sweeteners 693:713 artificial sweeteners 693:713 Interestingly, the artificial sweetener saccharin could alter gut microbiota and induce glucose intolerance, raising questions about the contribution of artificial sweeteners to the global epidemic of obesity and diabetes. 28594855 11 17 theme chronic 1884:1890 arg1 inflammation 1892:1903 the associated chronic inflammation 1869:1903 the associated chronic inflammation 1869:1903 Collectively, our results may provide a novel understanding of the interaction between artificial sweeteners and the gut microbiome, as well as the potential role of this interaction in the development of obesity and the associated chronic inflammation. 28594855 9 18 theme energy 1439:1444 arg1 metabolism 1446:1455 energy metabolism 1439:1455 energy metabolism 1439:1455 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 0 19 from gain 89:92 arg1 mice 102:105 CD-1 mice 97:105 CD-1 mice 97:105 The artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium affects the gut microbiome and body weight gain in CD-1 mice. 28594855 8 20 theme CD-1 1269:1272 arg1 mice 1274:1277 CD-1 mice 1269:1277 CD-1 mice 1269:1277 We found that Ace-K consumption perturbed the gut microbiome of CD-1 mice after a 4-week treatment. 28594855 9 21 theme fecal 1462:1466 arg1 changes 1480:1486 fecal metabolomic changes 1462:1486 fecal metabolomic changes 1462:1486 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 7 22 from changes 1080:1086 arg1 profiles 1107:1114 fecal metabolic profiles 1091:1114 fecal metabolic profiles 1091:1114 In this study, we explored the effects of Ace-K on the gut microbiome and the changes in fecal metabolic profiles using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. 28594855 7 22 from changes 1080:1086 arg1 microbiome 1061:1070 the gut microbiome 1053:1070 the gut microbiome 1053:1070 In this study, we explored the effects of Ace-K on the gut microbiome and the changes in fecal metabolic profiles using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. 28594855 0 23 theme body 77:80 arg1 gain 89:92 body weight gain 77:92 body weight gain 77:92 The artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium affects the gut microbiome and body weight gain in CD-1 mice. 28594855 6 24 from unknown 993:999 arg1 particular 917:926 particular 917:926 particular 917:926 In particular, the functional impact of Ace-K on the gut microbiome is largely unknown. 28594855 11 25 from role 1810:1813 arg1 development 1842:1852 the development 1838:1852 the development of obesity and the associated chronic inflammation 1838:1903 Collectively, our results may provide a novel understanding of the interaction between artificial sweeteners and the gut microbiome, as well as the potential role of this interaction in the development of obesity and the associated chronic inflammation. 28594855 8 26 theme 4-week 1287:1292 arg1 treatment 1294:1302 a 4-week treatment 1285:1302 a 4-week treatment 1285:1302 We found that Ace-K consumption perturbed the gut microbiome of CD-1 mice after a 4-week treatment. 28594855 7 27 theme gas 1146:1148 arg1 spectrometry 1170:1181 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 1146:1181 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 1146:1189 In this study, we explored the effects of Ace-K on the gut microbiome and the changes in fecal metabolic profiles using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. 28594855 7 27 theme gas 1146:1148 arg1 GC-MS 1184:1188 GC-MS 1184:1188 GC-MS 1184:1188 In this study, we explored the effects of Ace-K on the gut microbiome and the changes in fecal metabolic profiles using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. 28594855 6 28 theme Ace-K 954:958 arg1 impact 944:949 the functional impact 929:949 the functional impact of Ace-K on the gut microbiome 929:980 In particular, the functional impact of Ace-K on the gut microbiome is largely unknown. 28594855 6 28 theme Ace-K 954:958 arg1 unknown 993:999 unknown 993:999 unknown 993:999 In particular, the functional impact of Ace-K on the gut microbiome is largely unknown. 28594855 2 29 theme other 363:367 arg1 countries 369:377 the U.S. and other countries 350:377 countries 369:377 Obesity and type 2 diabetes have dramatically increased in the U.S. and other countries over the last two decades. 28594855 0 30 theme CD-1 97:100 arg1 mice 102:105 CD-1 mice 97:105 CD-1 mice 97:105 The artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium affects the gut microbiome and body weight gain in CD-1 mice. 28594855 11 31 theme novel 1692:1696 arg1 understanding 1698:1710 a novel understanding 1690:1710 a novel understanding of the interaction between artificial sweeteners and the gut microbiome 1690:1782 Collectively, our results may provide a novel understanding of the interaction between artificial sweeteners and the gut microbiome, as well as the potential role of this interaction in the development of obesity and the associated chronic inflammation. 28594855 2 32 theme U.S. 354:357 arg1 countries 369:377 the U.S. and other countries 350:377 countries 369:377 Obesity and type 2 diabetes have dramatically increased in the U.S. and other countries over the last two decades. 28594855 7 33 theme 16S 1122:1124 arg1 sequencing 1131:1140 16S rRNA sequencing 1122:1140 16S rRNA sequencing 1122:1140 In this study, we explored the effects of Ace-K on the gut microbiome and the changes in fecal metabolic profiles using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. 28594855 9 34 theme differential 1522:1533 arg1 effects 1535:1541 differential effects 1522:1541 differential effects observed for males and females 1522:1572 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 2 35 theme last 388:391 arg1 decades 397:403 the last two decades 384:403 the last two decades 384:403 Obesity and type 2 diabetes have dramatically increased in the U.S. and other countries over the last two decades. 28594855 5 36 theme artificial 808:817 arg1 sweetener 819:827 a FDA-approved artificial sweetener 793:827 a FDA-approved artificial sweetener 793:827 Acesulfame-potassium (Ace-K), a FDA-approved artificial sweetener, is commonly used, but its toxicity data reported to date are considered inadequate. 28594855 5 36 theme artificial 808:817 arg1 Acesulfame-potassium 763:782 Acesulfame-potassium 763:782 Acesulfame-potassium (Ace-K) 763:790 Acesulfame-potassium (Ace-K), a FDA-approved artificial sweetener, is commonly used, but its toxicity data reported to date are considered inadequate. 28594855 0 37 dep microbiome 62:71 arg1 the 54:56 the 54:56 the 54:56 The artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium affects the gut microbiome and body weight gain in CD-1 mice. 28594855 7 38 theme fecal 1091:1095 arg1 profiles 1107:1114 fecal metabolic profiles 1091:1114 fecal metabolic profiles 1091:1114 In this study, we explored the effects of Ace-K on the gut microbiome and the changes in fecal metabolic profiles using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. 28594855 9 39 theme body 1318:1321 arg1 gender-specific 1500:1514 gender-specific 1500:1514 gender-specific 1500:1514 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 9 39 theme body 1318:1321 arg1 gain 1330:1333 The observed body weight gain 1305:1333 The observed body weight gain 1305:1333 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 11 40 theme potential 1800:1808 arg1 role 1810:1813 the potential role 1796:1813 the potential role of this interaction in the development of obesity and the associated chronic inflammation 1796:1903 Collectively, our results may provide a novel understanding of the interaction between artificial sweeteners and the gut microbiome, as well as the potential role of this interaction in the development of obesity and the associated chronic inflammation. 28594855 3 41 theme important 441:449 arg1 role 451:454 an important role 438:454 an important role of the gut microbiome in body weight control and glucose metabolism and regulation 438:537 Numerous studies have indicated an important role of the gut microbiome in body weight control and glucose metabolism and regulation. 28594855 0 42 dep sweetener 15:23 arg1 potassium 36:44 acesulfame potassium 25:44 The artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium 0:44 The artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium affects the gut microbiome and body weight gain in CD-1 mice. 28594855 9 43 from enrichment 1387:1396 arg1 composition 1374:1384 the gut bacterial community composition 1346:1384 the gut bacterial community composition 1346:1384 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 4 44 theme sweetener 570:578 arg1 saccharin 580:588 the artificial sweetener saccharin 555:588 the artificial sweetener saccharin 555:588 Interestingly, the artificial sweetener saccharin could alter gut microbiota and induce glucose intolerance, raising questions about the contribution of artificial sweeteners to the global epidemic of obesity and diabetes. 28594855 7 45 theme chromatography-mass 1150:1168 arg1 spectrometry 1170:1181 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 1146:1181 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 1146:1189 In this study, we explored the effects of Ace-K on the gut microbiome and the changes in fecal metabolic profiles using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. 28594855 7 45 theme chromatography-mass 1150:1168 arg1 GC-MS 1184:1188 GC-MS 1184:1188 GC-MS 1184:1188 In this study, we explored the effects of Ace-K on the gut microbiome and the changes in fecal metabolic profiles using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. 28594855 3 46 theme gut 463:465 arg1 microbiome 467:476 the gut microbiome 459:476 the gut microbiome 459:476 Numerous studies have indicated an important role of the gut microbiome in body weight control and glucose metabolism and regulation. 28594855 11 47 theme gut 1769:1771 arg1 microbiome 1773:1782 the gut microbiome 1765:1782 the gut microbiome 1765:1782 Collectively, our results may provide a novel understanding of the interaction between artificial sweeteners and the gut microbiome, as well as the potential role of this interaction in the development of obesity and the associated chronic inflammation. 28594855 9 48 theme bacterial 1354:1362 arg1 composition 1374:1384 the gut bacterial community composition 1346:1384 the gut bacterial community composition 1346:1384 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 1 49 used used 147:150 arg2 sweeteners 119:128 Artificial sweeteners 108:128 Artificial sweeteners 108:128 Artificial sweeteners have been widely used in the modern diet, and their observed effects on human health have been inconsistent, with both beneficial and adverse outcomes reported. 28594855 7 50 theme Ace-K 1044:1048 arg1 effects 1033:1039 the effects 1029:1039 the effects of Ace-K on the gut microbiome 1029:1070 In this study, we explored the effects of Ace-K on the gut microbiome and the changes in fecal metabolic profiles using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. 28594855 7 50 theme Ace-K 1044:1048 arg1 changes 1080:1086 the changes 1076:1086 the changes in fecal metabolic profiles 1076:1114 In this study, we explored the effects of Ace-K on the gut microbiome and the changes in fecal metabolic profiles using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. 28594855 3 51 theme weight 486:491 arg1 control 493:499 body weight control 481:499 body weight control 481:499 Numerous studies have indicated an important role of the gut microbiome in body weight control and glucose metabolism and regulation. 28594855 4 52 theme glucose 628:634 arg1 intolerance 636:646 glucose intolerance 628:646 glucose intolerance 628:646 Interestingly, the artificial sweetener saccharin could alter gut microbiota and induce glucose intolerance, raising questions about the contribution of artificial sweeteners to the global epidemic of obesity and diabetes. 28594855 3 53 from role 451:454 arg1 control 493:499 body weight control 481:499 body weight control 481:499 Numerous studies have indicated an important role of the gut microbiome in body weight control and glucose metabolism and regulation. 28594855 3 53 from role 451:454 arg1 metabolism 513:522 glucose metabolism 505:522 glucose metabolism 505:522 Numerous studies have indicated an important role of the gut microbiome in body weight control and glucose metabolism and regulation. 28594855 4 54 theme sweeteners 704:713 arg1 contribution 677:688 the contribution 673:688 the contribution of artificial sweeteners to the global epidemic of obesity and diabetes 673:760 Interestingly, the artificial sweetener saccharin could alter gut microbiota and induce glucose intolerance, raising questions about the contribution of artificial sweeteners to the global epidemic of obesity and diabetes. 28594855 9 55 theme functional 1401:1410 arg1 genes 1422:1426 functional bacterial genes 1401:1426 functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism 1401:1455 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 6 56 theme functional 933:942 arg1 impact 944:949 the functional impact 929:949 the functional impact of Ace-K on the gut microbiome 929:980 In particular, the functional impact of Ace-K on the gut microbiome is largely unknown. 28594855 6 56 theme functional 933:942 arg1 unknown 993:999 unknown 993:999 unknown 993:999 In particular, the functional impact of Ace-K on the gut microbiome is largely unknown. 28594855 4 57 theme gut 602:604 arg1 microbiota 606:615 gut microbiota 602:615 gut microbiota 602:615 Interestingly, the artificial sweetener saccharin could alter gut microbiota and induce glucose intolerance, raising questions about the contribution of artificial sweeteners to the global epidemic of obesity and diabetes. 28594855 9 58 with gender-specific 1500:1514 arg1 effects 1535:1541 differential effects 1522:1541 differential effects observed for males and females 1522:1572 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 11 59 theme artificial 1739:1748 arg1 sweeteners 1750:1759 artificial sweeteners 1739:1759 artificial sweeteners 1739:1759 Collectively, our results may provide a novel understanding of the interaction between artificial sweeteners and the gut microbiome, as well as the potential role of this interaction in the development of obesity and the associated chronic inflammation. 28594855 11 60 theme inflammation 1892:1903 arg1 development 1842:1852 the development 1838:1852 the development of obesity and the associated chronic inflammation 1838:1903 Collectively, our results may provide a novel understanding of the interaction between artificial sweeteners and the gut microbiome, as well as the potential role of this interaction in the development of obesity and the associated chronic inflammation. 28594855 9 61 theme genes 1422:1426 arg1 enrichment 1387:1396 enrichment 1387:1396 enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism 1387:1455 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 9 61 theme genes 1422:1426 arg1 shifts 1336:1341 shifts 1336:1341 shifts in the gut bacterial community composition 1336:1384 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 9 61 theme genes 1422:1426 arg1 gain 1330:1333 The observed body weight gain 1305:1333 The observed body weight gain 1305:1333 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 9 61 theme genes 1422:1426 arg1 gender-specific 1500:1514 gender-specific 1500:1514 gender-specific 1500:1514 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 9 61 theme genes 1422:1426 arg1 changes 1480:1486 fecal metabolomic changes 1462:1486 fecal metabolomic changes 1462:1486 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 11 62 theme interaction 1719:1729 arg1 role 1810:1813 the potential role 1796:1813 the potential role of this interaction in the development of obesity and the associated chronic inflammation 1796:1903 Collectively, our results may provide a novel understanding of the interaction between artificial sweeteners and the gut microbiome, as well as the potential role of this interaction in the development of obesity and the associated chronic inflammation. 28594855 11 62 theme interaction 1719:1729 arg1 understanding 1698:1710 a novel understanding 1690:1710 a novel understanding of the interaction between artificial sweeteners and the gut microbiome 1690:1782 Collectively, our results may provide a novel understanding of the interaction between artificial sweeteners and the gut microbiome, as well as the potential role of this interaction in the development of obesity and the associated chronic inflammation. 28594855 8 63 theme Ace-K 1219:1223 arg1 consumption 1225:1235 Ace-K consumption 1219:1235 Ace-K consumption 1219:1235 We found that Ace-K consumption perturbed the gut microbiome of CD-1 mice after a 4-week treatment. 28594855 11 64 theme associated 1873:1882 arg1 inflammation 1892:1903 the associated chronic inflammation 1869:1903 the associated chronic inflammation 1869:1903 Collectively, our results may provide a novel understanding of the interaction between artificial sweeteners and the gut microbiome, as well as the potential role of this interaction in the development of obesity and the associated chronic inflammation. 28594855 1 65 from effects 191:197 arg1 health 208:213 human health 202:213 human health 202:213 Artificial sweeteners have been widely used in the modern diet, and their observed effects on human health have been inconsistent, with both beneficial and adverse outcomes reported. 28594855 7 66 theme metabolic 1097:1105 arg1 profiles 1107:1114 fecal metabolic profiles 1091:1114 fecal metabolic profiles 1091:1114 In this study, we explored the effects of Ace-K on the gut microbiome and the changes in fecal metabolic profiles using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. 28594855 8 67 theme gut 1251:1253 arg1 microbiome 1255:1264 the gut microbiome 1247:1264 the gut microbiome of CD-1 mice 1247:1277 We found that Ace-K consumption perturbed the gut microbiome of CD-1 mice after a 4-week treatment. 28594855 2 68 theme type 303:306 arg1 diabetes 310:317 type 2 diabetes 303:317 type 2 diabetes 303:317 Obesity and type 2 diabetes have dramatically increased in the U.S. and other countries over the last two decades. 28594855 5 69 theme toxicity 856:863 arg1 data 865:868 its toxicity data 852:868 its toxicity data reported to date 852:885 Acesulfame-potassium (Ace-K), a FDA-approved artificial sweetener, is commonly used, but its toxicity data reported to date are considered inadequate. 28594855 0 70 theme weight 82:87 arg1 gain 89:92 body weight gain 77:92 body weight gain 77:92 The artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium affects the gut microbiome and body weight gain in CD-1 mice. 28594855 9 71 theme metabolomic 1468:1478 arg1 changes 1480:1486 fecal metabolomic changes 1462:1486 fecal metabolomic changes 1462:1486 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 6 72 theme gut 967:969 arg1 microbiome 971:980 the gut microbiome 963:980 the gut microbiome 963:980 In particular, the functional impact of Ace-K on the gut microbiome is largely unknown. 28594855 8 73 theme mice 1274:1277 arg1 microbiome 1255:1264 the gut microbiome 1247:1264 the gut microbiome of CD-1 mice 1247:1277 We found that Ace-K consumption perturbed the gut microbiome of CD-1 mice after a 4-week treatment. 28594855 10 74 theme female 1639:1644 arg1 mice 1646:1649 male but not female mice 1626:1649 male but not female mice 1626:1649 In particular, ace-K increased body weight gain of male but not female mice. 28594855 4 75 theme obesity 741:747 arg1 epidemic 729:736 epidemic 729:736 epidemic 729:736 Interestingly, the artificial sweetener saccharin could alter gut microbiota and induce glucose intolerance, raising questions about the contribution of artificial sweeteners to the global epidemic of obesity and diabetes. 28594855 7 76 theme rRNA 1126:1129 arg1 sequencing 1131:1140 16S rRNA sequencing 1122:1140 16S rRNA sequencing 1122:1140 In this study, we explored the effects of Ace-K on the gut microbiome and the changes in fecal metabolic profiles using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. 28594855 4 77 theme diabetes 753:760 arg1 epidemic 729:736 epidemic 729:736 epidemic 729:736 Interestingly, the artificial sweetener saccharin could alter gut microbiota and induce glucose intolerance, raising questions about the contribution of artificial sweeteners to the global epidemic of obesity and diabetes. 28594855 10 78 theme body 1606:1609 arg1 gain 1618:1621 body weight gain 1606:1621 body weight gain of male but not female mice 1606:1649 In particular, ace-K increased body weight gain of male but not female mice. 28594855 0 79 theme artificial 4:13 arg1 sweetener 15:23 The artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium 0:44 The artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium 0:44 The artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium affects the gut microbiome and body weight gain in CD-1 mice. 28594855 7 80 from effects 1033:1039 arg1 profiles 1107:1114 fecal metabolic profiles 1091:1114 fecal metabolic profiles 1091:1114 In this study, we explored the effects of Ace-K on the gut microbiome and the changes in fecal metabolic profiles using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. 28594855 7 80 from effects 1033:1039 arg1 microbiome 1061:1070 the gut microbiome 1053:1070 the gut microbiome 1053:1070 In this study, we explored the effects of Ace-K on the gut microbiome and the changes in fecal metabolic profiles using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. 28594855 0 81 theme acesulfame 25:34 arg1 potassium 36:44 acesulfame potassium 25:44 The artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium 0:44 The artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium affects the gut microbiome and body weight gain in CD-1 mice. 28594855 1 82 theme beneficial 249:258 arg1 outcomes 272:279 both beneficial and adverse outcomes 244:279 both beneficial and adverse outcomes reported 244:288 Artificial sweeteners have been widely used in the modern diet, and their observed effects on human health have been inconsistent, with both beneficial and adverse outcomes reported. 28594855 10 83 theme male 1626:1629 arg1 mice 1646:1649 male but not female mice 1626:1649 male but not female mice 1626:1649 In particular, ace-K increased body weight gain of male but not female mice. 28594855 1 84 theme adverse 264:270 arg1 outcomes 272:279 both beneficial and adverse outcomes 244:279 both beneficial and adverse outcomes reported 244:288 Artificial sweeteners have been widely used in the modern diet, and their observed effects on human health have been inconsistent, with both beneficial and adverse outcomes reported. 28594855 1 85 theme observed 182:189 arg1 effects 191:197 their observed effects 176:197 their observed effects on human health 176:213 Artificial sweeteners have been widely used in the modern diet, and their observed effects on human health have been inconsistent, with both beneficial and adverse outcomes reported. 28594855 10 86 theme weight 1611:1616 arg1 gain 1618:1621 body weight gain 1606:1621 body weight gain of male but not female mice 1606:1649 In particular, ace-K increased body weight gain of male but not female mice. 28594855 6 87 from impact 944:949 arg1 microbiome 971:980 the gut microbiome 963:980 the gut microbiome 963:980 In particular, the functional impact of Ace-K on the gut microbiome is largely unknown. 28594855 11 88 theme obesity 1857:1863 arg1 development 1842:1852 the development 1838:1852 the development of obesity and the associated chronic inflammation 1838:1903 Collectively, our results may provide a novel understanding of the interaction between artificial sweeteners and the gut microbiome, as well as the potential role of this interaction in the development of obesity and the associated chronic inflammation. 28594855 0 89 theme gut 58:60 arg1 microbiome 62:71 gut microbiome 58:71 gut microbiome 58:71 The artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium affects the gut microbiome and body weight gain in CD-1 mice. 28594855 9 90 theme observed 1309:1316 arg1 gender-specific 1500:1514 gender-specific 1500:1514 gender-specific 1500:1514 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 9 90 theme observed 1309:1316 arg1 gain 1330:1333 The observed body weight gain 1305:1333 The observed body weight gain 1305:1333 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 9 91 from shifts 1336:1341 arg1 composition 1374:1384 the gut bacterial community composition 1346:1384 the gut bacterial community composition 1346:1384 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 7 92 dep sequencing 1131:1140 arg1 metabolomics 1191:1202 metabolomics 1191:1202 metabolomics 1191:1202 In this study, we explored the effects of Ace-K on the gut microbiome and the changes in fecal metabolic profiles using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. 28594855 10 93 theme mice 1646:1649 arg1 gain 1618:1621 body weight gain 1606:1621 body weight gain of male but not female mice 1606:1649 In particular, ace-K increased body weight gain of male but not female mice. 28594855 9 94 theme weight 1323:1328 arg1 gender-specific 1500:1514 gender-specific 1500:1514 gender-specific 1500:1514 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 9 94 theme weight 1323:1328 arg1 gain 1330:1333 The observed body weight gain 1305:1333 The observed body weight gain 1305:1333 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 9 95 from gain 1330:1333 arg1 composition 1374:1384 the gut bacterial community composition 1346:1384 the gut bacterial community composition 1346:1384 The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. 28594855 1 96 with inconsistent 225:236 arg1 outcomes 272:279 both beneficial and adverse outcomes 244:279 both beneficial and adverse outcomes reported 244:288 Artificial sweeteners have been widely used in the modern diet, and their observed effects on human health have been inconsistent, with both beneficial and adverse outcomes reported. 28594855 6 97 from particular 917:926 arg1 impact 944:949 the functional impact 929:949 the functional impact of Ace-K on the gut microbiome 929:980 In particular, the functional impact of Ace-K on the gut microbiome is largely unknown. 28594855 6 97 from particular 917:926 arg1 unknown 993:999 unknown 993:999 unknown 993:999 In particular, the functional impact of Ace-K on the gut microbiome is largely unknown. 28594855 1 98 theme human 202:206 arg1 health 208:213 human health 202:213 human health 202:213 Artificial sweeteners have been widely used in the modern diet, and their observed effects on human health have been inconsistent, with both beneficial and adverse outcomes reported. 28594855 3 99 theme Numerous 406:413 arg1 studies 415:421 Numerous studies 406:421 Numerous studies 406:421 Numerous studies have indicated an important role of the gut microbiome in body weight control and glucose metabolism and regulation. 28594855 3 100 theme body 481:484 arg1 control 493:499 body weight control 481:499 body weight control 481:499 Numerous studies have indicated an important role of the gut microbiome in body weight control and glucose metabolism and regulation. 28232386 0 0 theme human 103:107 arg1 macrophages 109:119 GM-CSF- and M-CSF-differentiated human macrophages 70:119 GM-CSF- and M-CSF-differentiated human macrophages 70:119 Different dynamics of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL‑1β production in GM-CSF- and M-CSF-differentiated human macrophages. 28232386 4 1 from dynamics 592:599 arg1 GM- 714:716 LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- 674:716 LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- 674:716 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 4 1 from dynamics 592:599 arg1 M-macrophages 721:733 M-macrophages 721:733 M-macrophages 721:733 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 9 2 theme different 1515:1523 arg1 status 1536:1541 the different activation status and expression levels 1511:1563 status 1536:1541 These results show that, because of the different activation status and expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome components, as well as the signaling activity of the pathways, the two subtypes of macrophages respond very differently to the same stimuli. 28232386 4 3 theme comparative 564:574 arg1 study 576:580 a comparative study 562:580 a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively 562:798 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 0 4 theme M-CSF-differentiated 82:101 arg1 macrophages 109:119 GM-CSF- and M-CSF-differentiated human macrophages 70:119 GM-CSF- and M-CSF-differentiated human macrophages 70:119 Different dynamics of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL‑1β production in GM-CSF- and M-CSF-differentiated human macrophages. 28232386 6 5 theme IL-1β 1025:1029 arg1 production 1031:1040 IL-1β production 1025:1040 IL-1β production by GM-macrophages 1025:1058 However, IL-1β production by GM-macrophages develops gradually, and these cells produce IL-1β, even in the absence of ATP supplementation, because of the constitutively active caspase-1 enzyme. 28232386 10 6 theme therapeutic 1872:1882 arg1 methods 1884:1890 research or therapeutic methods 1860:1890 research or therapeutic methods 1860:1890 For this reason, the molecular composition of the microenvironment that shapes macrophage development should be considered when research or therapeutic methods are planned to control IL-1β production. 28232386 1 7 theme wide 164:167 arg1 processes 208:216 physiologic and immunologic processes 180:216 physiologic and immunologic processes 180:216 IL-1β is a "master" cytokine regulating a wide variety of physiologic and immunologic processes. 28232386 1 7 theme wide 164:167 arg1 variety 169:175 a wide variety 162:175 a wide variety of physiologic and immunologic processes 162:216 IL-1β is a "master" cytokine regulating a wide variety of physiologic and immunologic processes. 28232386 4 8 theme M-CSF 780:784 arg1 presence 758:765 the presence 754:765 the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively 754:798 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 9 9 theme pathways 1644:1651 arg1 status 1536:1541 the different activation status and expression levels 1511:1563 status 1536:1541 These results show that, because of the different activation status and expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome components, as well as the signaling activity of the pathways, the two subtypes of macrophages respond very differently to the same stimuli. 28232386 9 9 theme pathways 1644:1651 arg1 levels 1558:1563 the different activation status and expression levels 1511:1563 levels 1558:1563 These results show that, because of the different activation status and expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome components, as well as the signaling activity of the pathways, the two subtypes of macrophages respond very differently to the same stimuli. 28232386 9 9 theme pathways 1644:1651 arg1 activity 1628:1635 the signaling activity 1614:1635 the signaling activity of the pathways 1614:1651 These results show that, because of the different activation status and expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome components, as well as the signaling activity of the pathways, the two subtypes of macrophages respond very differently to the same stimuli. 28232386 6 10 theme caspase-1 1192:1200 arg1 enzyme 1202:1207 the constitutively active caspase-1 enzyme 1166:1207 the constitutively active caspase-1 enzyme 1166:1207 However, IL-1β production by GM-macrophages develops gradually, and these cells produce IL-1β, even in the absence of ATP supplementation, because of the constitutively active caspase-1 enzyme. 28232386 5 11 theme short 887:891 arg1 event 893:897 a rapid and short event 875:897 a rapid and short event that requires ATP supplementation and is attenuated, in part, by the presence of IL-10, which reduces Akt signaling 875:1013 Our results show that IL-1β production by LPS-stimulated M-macrophages is a rapid and short event that requires ATP supplementation and is attenuated, in part, by the presence of IL-10, which reduces Akt signaling. 28232386 5 11 theme short 887:891 arg1 production 829:838 IL-1β production 823:838 IL-1β production by LPS-stimulated M-macrophages 823:870 Our results show that IL-1β production by LPS-stimulated M-macrophages is a rapid and short event that requires ATP supplementation and is attenuated, in part, by the presence of IL-10, which reduces Akt signaling. 28232386 9 12 theme inflammasome 1578:1589 arg1 components 1591:1600 the NLRP3 inflammasome components 1568:1600 the NLRP3 inflammasome components 1568:1600 These results show that, because of the different activation status and expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome components, as well as the signaling activity of the pathways, the two subtypes of macrophages respond very differently to the same stimuli. 28232386 10 13 theme microenvironment 1782:1797 arg1 composition 1763:1773 the molecular composition 1749:1773 the molecular composition of the microenvironment that shapes macrophage development 1749:1832 For this reason, the molecular composition of the microenvironment that shapes macrophage development should be considered when research or therapeutic methods are planned to control IL-1β production. 28232386 6 14 theme supplementation 1138:1152 arg1 absence 1123:1129 the absence 1119:1129 the absence of ATP supplementation 1119:1152 However, IL-1β production by GM-macrophages develops gradually, and these cells produce IL-1β, even in the absence of ATP supplementation, because of the constitutively active caspase-1 enzyme. 28232386 10 15 theme macrophage 1811:1820 arg1 development 1822:1832 macrophage development 1811:1832 macrophage development 1811:1832 For this reason, the molecular composition of the microenvironment that shapes macrophage development should be considered when research or therapeutic methods are planned to control IL-1β production. 28232386 3 16 theme cells 492:496 arg1 diversity 473:481 the diversity 469:481 the diversity of these cells 469:496 Several protocols have been developed to model the diversity of these cells in vitro. 28232386 6 17 theme ATP 1134:1136 arg1 supplementation 1138:1152 ATP supplementation 1134:1152 ATP supplementation 1134:1152 However, IL-1β production by GM-macrophages develops gradually, and these cells produce IL-1β, even in the absence of ATP supplementation, because of the constitutively active caspase-1 enzyme. 28232386 2 18 theme different 405:413 arg1 cells 415:419 functionally different cells 392:419 functionally different cells 392:419 The most frequently studied models for NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production are the macrophages; however, depending on their microenvironment, they can develop into functionally different cells. 28232386 4 19 theme GM-CSF 770:775 arg1 presence 758:765 the presence 754:765 the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively 754:798 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 4 20 theme priming 648:654 arg1 dynamics 592:599 dynamics 592:599 dynamics 592:599 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 4 20 theme priming 648:654 arg1 mechanisms 615:624 molecular mechanisms 605:624 molecular mechanisms 605:624 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 7 21 contain have 1260:1263 arg1 ectonucleotidases 1242:1258 the membrane-bound ectonucleotidases 1223:1258 the membrane-bound ectonucleotidases 1223:1258 We show that the membrane-bound ectonucleotidases have an important regulatory role on the IL-1β secretion in GM-macrophages. 28232386 7 21 contain have 1260:1263 arg2 role 1289:1292 an important regulatory role 1265:1292 an important regulatory role 1265:1292 We show that the membrane-bound ectonucleotidases have an important regulatory role on the IL-1β secretion in GM-macrophages. 28232386 4 22 from priming 648:654 arg1 GM- 714:716 LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- 674:716 LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- 674:716 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 4 22 from priming 648:654 arg1 M-macrophages 721:733 M-macrophages 721:733 M-macrophages 721:733 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 1 23 theme physiologic 180:190 arg1 processes 208:216 physiologic and immunologic processes 180:216 physiologic and immunologic processes 180:216 IL-1β is a "master" cytokine regulating a wide variety of physiologic and immunologic processes. 28232386 0 24 theme Different 0:8 arg1 dynamics 10:17 Different dynamics 0:17 Different dynamics of NLRP3 0:26 Different dynamics of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL‑1β production in GM-CSF- and M-CSF-differentiated human macrophages. 28232386 10 25 theme molecular 1753:1761 arg1 composition 1763:1773 the molecular composition 1749:1773 the molecular composition of the microenvironment that shapes macrophage development 1749:1832 For this reason, the molecular composition of the microenvironment that shapes macrophage development should be considered when research or therapeutic methods are planned to control IL-1β production. 28232386 4 26 theme activation 660:669 arg1 dynamics 592:599 dynamics 592:599 dynamics 592:599 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 4 26 theme activation 660:669 arg1 mechanisms 615:624 molecular mechanisms 605:624 molecular mechanisms 605:624 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 0 27 theme NLRP3 22:26 arg1 dynamics 10:17 Different dynamics 0:17 Different dynamics of NLRP3 0:26 Different dynamics of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL‑1β production in GM-CSF- and M-CSF-differentiated human macrophages. 28232386 5 28 theme IL-10 980:984 arg1 presence 968:975 the presence 964:975 the presence 964:975 Our results show that IL-1β production by LPS-stimulated M-macrophages is a rapid and short event that requires ATP supplementation and is attenuated, in part, by the presence of IL-10, which reduces Akt signaling. 28232386 9 29 theme macrophages 1674:1684 arg1 subtypes 1662:1669 the two subtypes 1654:1669 the two subtypes of macrophages 1654:1684 These results show that, because of the different activation status and expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome components, as well as the signaling activity of the pathways, the two subtypes of macrophages respond very differently to the same stimuli. 28232386 9 30 theme NLRP3 1572:1576 arg1 components 1591:1600 the NLRP3 inflammasome components 1568:1600 the NLRP3 inflammasome components 1568:1600 These results show that, because of the different activation status and expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome components, as well as the signaling activity of the pathways, the two subtypes of macrophages respond very differently to the same stimuli. 28232386 1 31 theme immunologic 196:206 arg1 processes 208:216 physiologic and immunologic processes 180:216 physiologic and immunologic processes 180:216 IL-1β is a "master" cytokine regulating a wide variety of physiologic and immunologic processes. 28232386 7 32 theme regulatory 1278:1287 arg1 role 1289:1292 an important regulatory role 1265:1292 an important regulatory role 1265:1292 We show that the membrane-bound ectonucleotidases have an important regulatory role on the IL-1β secretion in GM-macrophages. 28232386 9 33 theme expression 1547:1556 arg1 levels 1558:1563 the different activation status and expression levels 1511:1563 levels 1558:1563 These results show that, because of the different activation status and expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome components, as well as the signaling activity of the pathways, the two subtypes of macrophages respond very differently to the same stimuli. 28232386 10 34 theme research 1860:1867 arg1 methods 1884:1890 research or therapeutic methods 1860:1890 research or therapeutic methods 1860:1890 For this reason, the molecular composition of the microenvironment that shapes macrophage development should be considered when research or therapeutic methods are planned to control IL-1β production. 28232386 9 35 theme activation 1525:1534 arg1 status 1536:1541 the different activation status and expression levels 1511:1563 status 1536:1541 These results show that, because of the different activation status and expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome components, as well as the signaling activity of the pathways, the two subtypes of macrophages respond very differently to the same stimuli. 28232386 1 36 theme processes 208:216 arg1 processes 208:216 physiologic and immunologic processes 180:216 physiologic and immunologic processes 180:216 IL-1β is a "master" cytokine regulating a wide variety of physiologic and immunologic processes. 28232386 1 36 theme processes 208:216 arg1 variety 169:175 a wide variety 162:175 a wide variety of physiologic and immunologic processes 162:216 IL-1β is a "master" cytokine regulating a wide variety of physiologic and immunologic processes. 28232386 0 37 theme IL‑1β 50:54 arg1 production 56:65 IL‑1β production 50:65 IL‑1β production 50:65 Different dynamics of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL‑1β production in GM-CSF- and M-CSF-differentiated human macrophages. 28232386 4 38 from activation 660:669 arg1 GM- 714:716 LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- 674:716 LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- 674:716 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 4 38 from activation 660:669 arg1 M-macrophages 721:733 M-macrophages 721:733 M-macrophages 721:733 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 7 39 theme important 1268:1276 arg1 role 1289:1292 an important regulatory role 1265:1292 an important regulatory role 1265:1292 We show that the membrane-bound ectonucleotidases have an important regulatory role on the IL-1β secretion in GM-macrophages. 28232386 9 40 theme components 1591:1600 arg1 status 1536:1541 the different activation status and expression levels 1511:1563 status 1536:1541 These results show that, because of the different activation status and expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome components, as well as the signaling activity of the pathways, the two subtypes of macrophages respond very differently to the same stimuli. 28232386 9 40 theme components 1591:1600 arg1 levels 1558:1563 the different activation status and expression levels 1511:1563 levels 1558:1563 These results show that, because of the different activation status and expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome components, as well as the signaling activity of the pathways, the two subtypes of macrophages respond very differently to the same stimuli. 28232386 9 40 theme components 1591:1600 arg1 activity 1628:1635 the signaling activity 1614:1635 the signaling activity of the pathways 1614:1651 These results show that, because of the different activation status and expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome components, as well as the signaling activity of the pathways, the two subtypes of macrophages respond very differently to the same stimuli. 28232386 4 41 from mechanisms 615:624 arg1 GM- 714:716 LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- 674:716 LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- 674:716 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 4 41 from mechanisms 615:624 arg1 M-macrophages 721:733 M-macrophages 721:733 M-macrophages 721:733 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 4 42 theme inflammasome 635:646 arg1 priming 648:654 NLRP3 inflammasome priming 629:654 NLRP3 inflammasome priming 629:654 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 9 43 theme signaling 1618:1626 arg1 activity 1628:1635 the signaling activity 1614:1635 the signaling activity of the pathways 1614:1651 These results show that, because of the different activation status and expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome components, as well as the signaling activity of the pathways, the two subtypes of macrophages respond very differently to the same stimuli. 28232386 4 44 theme first 532:536 arg1 time 538:541 the first time 528:541 the first time 528:541 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 2 45 theme studied 239:245 arg1 macrophages 311:321 the macrophages 307:321 the macrophages 307:321 The most frequently studied models for NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production are the macrophages; however, depending on their microenvironment, they can develop into functionally different cells. 28232386 2 45 theme studied 239:245 arg1 models 247:252 The most frequently studied models 219:252 The most frequently studied models for NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production 219:301 The most frequently studied models for NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production are the macrophages; however, depending on their microenvironment, they can develop into functionally different cells. 28232386 4 46 theme NLRP3 629:633 arg1 priming 648:654 NLRP3 inflammasome priming 629:654 NLRP3 inflammasome priming 629:654 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 3 47 theme Several 422:428 arg1 protocols 430:438 Several protocols 422:438 Several protocols 422:438 Several protocols have been developed to model the diversity of these cells in vitro. 28232386 5 48 theme Akt 1001:1003 arg1 signaling 1005:1013 Akt signaling 1001:1013 Akt signaling 1001:1013 Our results show that IL-1β production by LPS-stimulated M-macrophages is a rapid and short event that requires ATP supplementation and is attenuated, in part, by the presence of IL-10, which reduces Akt signaling. 28232386 8 49 theme LPS-primed 1403:1412 arg1 secretion 1420:1428 LPS-primed IL-1β secretion 1403:1428 LPS-primed IL-1β secretion 1403:1428 Furthermore, we provide evidence that adenosine treatment enhances LPS-primed IL-1β secretion by GM-macrophages, but not by M-macrophages. 28232386 7 50 theme IL-1β 1301:1305 arg1 secretion 1307:1315 the IL-1β secretion 1297:1315 the IL-1β secretion in GM-macrophages 1297:1333 We show that the membrane-bound ectonucleotidases have an important regulatory role on the IL-1β secretion in GM-macrophages. 28232386 6 51 theme active 1185:1190 arg1 enzyme 1202:1207 the constitutively active caspase-1 enzyme 1166:1207 the constitutively active caspase-1 enzyme 1166:1207 However, IL-1β production by GM-macrophages develops gradually, and these cells produce IL-1β, even in the absence of ATP supplementation, because of the constitutively active caspase-1 enzyme. 28232386 5 52 theme ATP 913:915 arg1 supplementation 917:931 ATP supplementation 913:931 ATP supplementation 913:931 Our results show that IL-1β production by LPS-stimulated M-macrophages is a rapid and short event that requires ATP supplementation and is attenuated, in part, by the presence of IL-10, which reduces Akt signaling. 28232386 4 53 from M-macrophages 721:733 arg1 dynamics 592:599 dynamics 592:599 dynamics 592:599 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 4 53 from M-macrophages 721:733 arg1 mechanisms 615:624 molecular mechanisms 605:624 molecular mechanisms 605:624 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 9 54 theme same 1718:1721 arg1 stimuli 1723:1729 the same stimuli 1714:1729 the same stimuli 1714:1729 These results show that, because of the different activation status and expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome components, as well as the signaling activity of the pathways, the two subtypes of macrophages respond very differently to the same stimuli. 28232386 2 55 theme IL-1β 286:290 arg1 production 292:301 NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production 258:301 NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production 258:301 The most frequently studied models for NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production are the macrophages; however, depending on their microenvironment, they can develop into functionally different cells. 28232386 8 56 theme adenosine 1374:1382 arg1 treatment 1384:1392 adenosine treatment 1374:1392 adenosine treatment 1374:1392 Furthermore, we provide evidence that adenosine treatment enhances LPS-primed IL-1β secretion by GM-macrophages, but not by M-macrophages. 28232386 1 57 theme master 134:139 arg1 IL-1β 122:126 IL-1β 122:126 IL-1β 122:126 IL-1β is a "master" cytokine regulating a wide variety of physiologic and immunologic processes. 28232386 1 57 theme master 134:139 arg1 cytokine 142:149 a "master" cytokine 131:149 a "master" cytokine regulating a wide variety of physiologic and immunologic processes 131:216 IL-1β is a "master" cytokine regulating a wide variety of physiologic and immunologic processes. 28232386 5 58 theme rapid 877:881 arg1 event 893:897 a rapid and short event 875:897 a rapid and short event that requires ATP supplementation and is attenuated, in part, by the presence of IL-10, which reduces Akt signaling 875:1013 Our results show that IL-1β production by LPS-stimulated M-macrophages is a rapid and short event that requires ATP supplementation and is attenuated, in part, by the presence of IL-10, which reduces Akt signaling. 28232386 5 58 theme rapid 877:881 arg1 production 829:838 IL-1β production 823:838 IL-1β production by LPS-stimulated M-macrophages 823:870 Our results show that IL-1β production by LPS-stimulated M-macrophages is a rapid and short event that requires ATP supplementation and is attenuated, in part, by the presence of IL-10, which reduces Akt signaling. 28232386 4 59 dep LPS-stimulated 674:687 arg1 human 690:694 human 690:694 human 690:694 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 4 59 dep LPS-stimulated 674:687 arg1 monocyte-derived 697:712 monocyte-derived 697:712 monocyte-derived 697:712 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 4 60 dep dynamics 592:599 arg1 the 588:590 the 588:590 the 588:590 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 2 61 theme inflammasome-mediated 264:284 arg1 production 292:301 NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production 258:301 NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production 258:301 The most frequently studied models for NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production are the macrophages; however, depending on their microenvironment, they can develop into functionally different cells. 28232386 1 62 theme " 140:140 arg1 IL-1β 122:126 IL-1β 122:126 IL-1β 122:126 IL-1β is a "master" cytokine regulating a wide variety of physiologic and immunologic processes. 28232386 1 62 theme " 140:140 arg1 cytokine 142:149 a "master" cytokine 131:149 a "master" cytokine regulating a wide variety of physiologic and immunologic processes 131:216 IL-1β is a "master" cytokine regulating a wide variety of physiologic and immunologic processes. 28232386 4 63 from GM- 714:716 arg1 dynamics 592:599 dynamics 592:599 dynamics 592:599 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 4 63 from GM- 714:716 arg1 mechanisms 615:624 molecular mechanisms 605:624 molecular mechanisms 605:624 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 7 64 theme membrane-bound 1227:1240 arg1 ectonucleotidases 1242:1258 the membrane-bound ectonucleotidases 1223:1258 the membrane-bound ectonucleotidases 1223:1258 We show that the membrane-bound ectonucleotidases have an important regulatory role on the IL-1β secretion in GM-macrophages. 28232386 8 65 theme IL-1β 1414:1418 arg1 secretion 1420:1428 LPS-primed IL-1β secretion 1403:1428 LPS-primed IL-1β secretion 1403:1428 Furthermore, we provide evidence that adenosine treatment enhances LPS-primed IL-1β secretion by GM-macrophages, but not by M-macrophages. 28232386 5 66 theme LPS-stimulated 843:856 arg1 M-macrophages 858:870 LPS-stimulated M-macrophages 843:870 LPS-stimulated M-macrophages 843:870 Our results show that IL-1β production by LPS-stimulated M-macrophages is a rapid and short event that requires ATP supplementation and is attenuated, in part, by the presence of IL-10, which reduces Akt signaling. 28232386 2 67 theme NLRP3 258:262 arg1 production 292:301 NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production 258:301 NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production 258:301 The most frequently studied models for NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production are the macrophages; however, depending on their microenvironment, they can develop into functionally different cells. 28232386 5 68 theme IL-1β 823:827 arg1 event 893:897 a rapid and short event 875:897 a rapid and short event that requires ATP supplementation and is attenuated, in part, by the presence of IL-10, which reduces Akt signaling 875:1013 Our results show that IL-1β production by LPS-stimulated M-macrophages is a rapid and short event that requires ATP supplementation and is attenuated, in part, by the presence of IL-10, which reduces Akt signaling. 28232386 5 68 theme IL-1β 823:827 arg1 production 829:838 IL-1β production 823:838 IL-1β production by LPS-stimulated M-macrophages 823:870 Our results show that IL-1β production by LPS-stimulated M-macrophages is a rapid and short event that requires ATP supplementation and is attenuated, in part, by the presence of IL-10, which reduces Akt signaling. 28232386 4 69 theme molecular 605:613 arg1 mechanisms 615:624 molecular mechanisms 605:624 molecular mechanisms 605:624 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 28232386 0 70 theme GM-CSF- 70:76 arg1 macrophages 109:119 GM-CSF- and M-CSF-differentiated human macrophages 70:119 GM-CSF- and M-CSF-differentiated human macrophages 70:119 Different dynamics of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL‑1β production in GM-CSF- and M-CSF-differentiated human macrophages. 28232386 10 71 theme IL-1β 1915:1919 arg1 production 1921:1930 IL-1β production 1915:1930 IL-1β production 1915:1930 For this reason, the molecular composition of the microenvironment that shapes macrophage development should be considered when research or therapeutic methods are planned to control IL-1β production. 28232386 7 72 from secretion 1307:1315 arg1 GM-macrophages 1320:1333 GM-macrophages 1320:1333 GM-macrophages 1320:1333 We show that the membrane-bound ectonucleotidases have an important regulatory role on the IL-1β secretion in GM-macrophages. 28232386 4 73 theme LPS-stimulated 674:687 arg1 GM- 714:716 LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- 674:716 LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- 674:716 Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a comparative study about the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in LPS-stimulated, human, monocyte-derived GM- or M-macrophages, differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. 27530438 6 0 theme iranensis 934:942 arg1 strains 901:907 the type strains 892:907 the type strains of A. bidgolensis and B. iranensis (<26 % based on DNA-DNA hybridization and ΔTm of >5 °C) 892:998 Strain JC229T was further identified to be distinctly related to the type strains of A. bidgolensis and B. iranensis (<26 % based on DNA-DNA hybridization and ΔTm of >5 °C). 27530438 3 1 theme Gram-stain-positive 210:228 arg1 bacterium 282:290 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 202:290 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC229T) 202:306 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC229T) was isolated from a water sample collected from waterlogged alkaline soil. 27530438 3 1 theme Gram-stain-positive 210:228 arg1 JC229T 300:305 strain JC229T 293:305 strain JC229T 293:305 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC229T) was isolated from a water sample collected from waterlogged alkaline soil. 27530438 5 2 theme genus 524:528 arg1 Alteribacillus 530:543 the genus Alteribacillus 520:543 the genus Alteribacillus of the phylum Firmicutes 520:568 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC229T was identified as belonging to the genus Alteribacillus of the phylum Firmicutes and was found to be most closely related to Alteribacillus bidgolensis P4BT (97.9 % similarity), Bacillus iranensis X5BT (97.2 %) and Alteribacillus persepolensis HS136T (96.6 %), and more distantly related to other members of the genus Bacillus (<95.2 %). 27530438 8 3 theme G+C 1134:1136 arg1 content 1138:1144 The DNA G+C content 1126:1144 The DNA G+C content 1126:1144 The DNA G+C content was 40.2 mol%. 27530438 8 3 theme G+C 1134:1136 arg1 % 1158:1158 40.2 mol% 1150:1158 40.2 mol% 1150:1158 The DNA G+C content was 40.2 mol%. 27530438 1 4 dep Bagheri 89:95 arg1 2012 104:107 2012 104:107 2012 104:107 nov., reassignment of Bacillus iranensis (Bagheri et al. 2012) as Alteribacillus iranensis comb. 27530438 1 4 dep Bagheri 89:95 arg1 al. 100:102 Bagheri et al. 89:102 Bagheri et al. 2012 89:107 nov., reassignment of Bacillus iranensis (Bagheri et al. 2012) as Alteribacillus iranensis comb. 27530438 6 5 theme bidgolensis 915:925 arg1 strains 901:907 the type strains 892:907 the type strains of A. bidgolensis and B. iranensis (<26 % based on DNA-DNA hybridization and ΔTm of >5 °C) 892:998 Strain JC229T was further identified to be distinctly related to the type strains of A. bidgolensis and B. iranensis (<26 % based on DNA-DNA hybridization and ΔTm of >5 °C). 27530438 13 6 theme chemotaxonomic 1593:1606 arg1 analyses 1608:1615 morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1537:1615 morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1537:1615 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC229T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Alteribacillus, for which the name Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27530438 6 7 dep bidgolensis 915:925 arg1 % 949:949 <26 % 945:949 <26 % based on DNA-DNA hybridization and ΔTm of >5 °C 945:997 Strain JC229T was further identified to be distinctly related to the type strains of A. bidgolensis and B. iranensis (<26 % based on DNA-DNA hybridization and ΔTm of >5 °C). 27530438 5 8 theme 97.9  647:651 arg1 similarity 654:663 97.9 % similarity 647:663 97.9 % similarity 647:663 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC229T was identified as belonging to the genus Alteribacillus of the phylum Firmicutes and was found to be most closely related to Alteribacillus bidgolensis P4BT (97.9 % similarity), Bacillus iranensis X5BT (97.2 %) and Alteribacillus persepolensis HS136T (96.6 %), and more distantly related to other members of the genus Bacillus (<95.2 %). 27530438 5 8 theme 97.9  647:651 arg1 P4BT 641:644 Alteribacillus bidgolensis P4BT 614:644 Alteribacillus bidgolensis P4BT (97.9 % similarity) 614:664 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC229T was identified as belonging to the genus Alteribacillus of the phylum Firmicutes and was found to be most closely related to Alteribacillus bidgolensis P4BT (97.9 % similarity), Bacillus iranensis X5BT (97.2 %) and Alteribacillus persepolensis HS136T (96.6 %), and more distantly related to other members of the genus Bacillus (<95.2 %). 27530438 4 9 theme Strain 383:388 arg1 JC229T 390:395 Strain JC229T 383:395 Strain JC229T 383:395 Strain JC229T was oxidase- and catalase-positive. 27530438 6 10 theme Strain 827:832 arg1 JC229T 834:839 Strain JC229T 827:839 Strain JC229T 827:839 Strain JC229T was further identified to be distinctly related to the type strains of A. bidgolensis and B. iranensis (<26 % based on DNA-DNA hybridization and ΔTm of >5 °C). 27530438 3 11 theme novel 204:208 arg1 bacterium 282:290 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 202:290 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC229T) 202:306 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC229T) was isolated from a water sample collected from waterlogged alkaline soil. 27530438 3 11 theme novel 204:208 arg1 JC229T 300:305 strain JC229T 293:305 strain JC229T 293:305 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC229T) was isolated from a water sample collected from waterlogged alkaline soil. 27530438 8 12 theme mol 1155:1157 arg1 content 1138:1144 The DNA G+C content 1126:1144 The DNA G+C content 1126:1144 The DNA G+C content was 40.2 mol%. 27530438 8 12 theme mol 1155:1157 arg1 % 1158:1158 40.2 mol% 1150:1158 40.2 mol% 1150:1158 The DNA G+C content was 40.2 mol%. 27530438 15 13 theme =LMG 1795:1798 arg1 33726T 1812:1817 =LMG 28999T=KCTC 33726T 1795:1817 =LMG 28999T=KCTC 33726T 1795:1817 The type strain is JC229T (=LMG 28999T=KCTC 33726T). 27530438 15 13 theme =LMG 1795:1798 arg1 JC229T 1787:1792 JC229T 1787:1792 JC229T (=LMG 28999T=KCTC 33726T) 1787:1818 The type strain is JC229T (=LMG 28999T=KCTC 33726T). 27530438 7 14 theme range 1109:1113 arg1 % 1106:1106 3-5 % 1102:1106 3-5 % (range 0.5-24 %) 1102:1123 Strain JC229T grew optimally at pH 8 (range 5-11), at 35-40 °C (range 20-50 °C) and at a salinity of 3-5 % (range 0.5-24 %). 27530438 7 14 theme range 1109:1113 arg1 % 1122:1122 range 0.5-24 % 1109:1122 range 0.5-24 % 1109:1122 Strain JC229T grew optimally at pH 8 (range 5-11), at 35-40 °C (range 20-50 °C) and at a salinity of 3-5 % (range 0.5-24 %). 27530438 3 15 theme water 328:332 arg1 sample 334:339 a water sample 326:339 a water sample collected from waterlogged alkaline soil 326:380 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC229T) was isolated from a water sample collected from waterlogged alkaline soil. 27530438 16 16 theme Alteribacillus 1898:1911 arg1 comb 1923:1926 Alteribacillus iranensis comb 1898:1926 Alteribacillus iranensis comb 1898:1926 It is also suggested to transfer B. iranensis to the genus Alteribacillus as Alteribacillus iranensis comb. 27530438 13 17 theme alkaliphilus 1733:1744 arg1 sp 1746:1747 the name Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp 1709:1747 the name Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp 1709:1747 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC229T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Alteribacillus, for which the name Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27530438 13 18 theme strain 1618:1623 arg1 JC229T 1625:1630 strain JC229T 1618:1630 strain JC229T 1618:1630 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC229T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Alteribacillus, for which the name Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27530438 3 19 attach isolated 312:319 arg1 sample 334:339 a water sample 326:339 a water sample collected from waterlogged alkaline soil 326:380 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC229T) was isolated from a water sample collected from waterlogged alkaline soil. 27530438 3 19 attach isolated 312:319 arg2 JC229T 300:305 strain JC229T 293:305 strain JC229T 293:305 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC229T) was isolated from a water sample collected from waterlogged alkaline soil. 27530438 3 19 attach isolated 312:319 arg2 bacterium 282:290 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 202:290 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC229T) 202:306 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC229T) was isolated from a water sample collected from waterlogged alkaline soil. 27530438 9 20 theme strain 1191:1196 arg1 JC229T 1198:1203 strain JC229T 1191:1203 strain JC229T 1191:1203 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC229T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27530438 5 21 theme Firmicutes 559:568 arg1 Alteribacillus 530:543 the genus Alteribacillus 520:543 the genus Alteribacillus of the phylum Firmicutes 520:568 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC229T was identified as belonging to the genus Alteribacillus of the phylum Firmicutes and was found to be most closely related to Alteribacillus bidgolensis P4BT (97.9 % similarity), Bacillus iranensis X5BT (97.2 %) and Alteribacillus persepolensis HS136T (96.6 %), and more distantly related to other members of the genus Bacillus (<95.2 %). 27530438 1 22 theme iranensis 78:86 arg1 reassignment 53:64 reassignment 53:64 reassignment of Bacillus iranensis (Bagheri et al. 2012) as Alteribacillus iranensis comb 53:141 nov., reassignment of Bacillus iranensis (Bagheri et al. 2012) as Alteribacillus iranensis comb. 27530438 1 22 theme iranensis 78:86 arg1 nov. 47:50 nov. 47:50 nov. 47:50 nov., reassignment of Bacillus iranensis (Bagheri et al. 2012) as Alteribacillus iranensis comb. 27530438 13 23 theme genus 1677:1681 arg1 Alteribacillus 1683:1696 the genus Alteribacillus 1673:1696 the genus Alteribacillus 1673:1696 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC229T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Alteribacillus, for which the name Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27530438 5 24 theme Bacillus 807:814 arg1 members 786:792 other members 780:792 other members of the genus Bacillus (<95.2 %) 780:824 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC229T was identified as belonging to the genus Alteribacillus of the phylum Firmicutes and was found to be most closely related to Alteribacillus bidgolensis P4BT (97.9 % similarity), Bacillus iranensis X5BT (97.2 %) and Alteribacillus persepolensis HS136T (96.6 %), and more distantly related to other members of the genus Bacillus (<95.2 %). 27530438 13 25 theme genetic 1567:1573 arg1 analyses 1608:1615 morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1537:1615 morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1537:1615 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC229T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Alteribacillus, for which the name Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27530438 12 26 theme Polar 1408:1412 arg1 lipids 1414:1419 Polar lipids 1408:1419 Polar lipids of strain JC229T 1408:1436 Polar lipids of strain JC229T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified lipids. 27530438 11 27 theme predominant 1362:1372 arg1 menaquinone 1393:1403 menaquinone 7 1393:1405 menaquinone 7 1393:1405 The predominant quinone system was menaquinone 7. 27530438 11 27 theme predominant 1362:1372 arg1 system 1382:1387 The predominant quinone system 1358:1387 The predominant quinone system 1358:1387 The predominant quinone system was menaquinone 7. 27530438 13 28 theme Alteribacillus 1683:1696 arg1 species 1662:1668 a novel species 1654:1668 a novel species 1654:1668 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC229T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Alteribacillus, for which the name Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27530438 0 29 theme alkaliphilus 30:41 arg1 sp 43:44 Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp 15:44 Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp 15:44 Description of Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27530438 5 30 theme sequence 456:463 arg1 analysis 465:472 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 442:472 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 442:472 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC229T was identified as belonging to the genus Alteribacillus of the phylum Firmicutes and was found to be most closely related to Alteribacillus bidgolensis P4BT (97.9 % similarity), Bacillus iranensis X5BT (97.2 %) and Alteribacillus persepolensis HS136T (96.6 %), and more distantly related to other members of the genus Bacillus (<95.2 %). 27530438 13 31 theme Alteribacillus 1718:1731 arg1 sp 1746:1747 the name Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp 1709:1747 the name Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp 1709:1747 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC229T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Alteribacillus, for which the name Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27530438 3 32 theme waterlogged 356:366 arg1 soil 377:380 waterlogged alkaline soil 356:380 waterlogged alkaline soil 356:380 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC229T) was isolated from a water sample collected from waterlogged alkaline soil. 27530438 6 33 theme type 896:899 arg1 strains 901:907 the type strains 892:907 the type strains of A. bidgolensis and B. iranensis (<26 % based on DNA-DNA hybridization and ΔTm of >5 °C) 892:998 Strain JC229T was further identified to be distinctly related to the type strains of A. bidgolensis and B. iranensis (<26 % based on DNA-DNA hybridization and ΔTm of >5 °C). 27530438 16 34 theme genus 1874:1878 arg1 Alteribacillus 1880:1893 the genus Alteribacillus 1870:1893 the genus Alteribacillus as Alteribacillus iranensis comb 1870:1926 It is also suggested to transfer B. iranensis to the genus Alteribacillus as Alteribacillus iranensis comb. 27530438 5 35 theme other 780:784 arg1 members 786:792 other members 780:792 other members of the genus Bacillus (<95.2 %) 780:824 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC229T was identified as belonging to the genus Alteribacillus of the phylum Firmicutes and was found to be most closely related to Alteribacillus bidgolensis P4BT (97.9 % similarity), Bacillus iranensis X5BT (97.2 %) and Alteribacillus persepolensis HS136T (96.6 %), and more distantly related to other members of the genus Bacillus (<95.2 %). 27530438 3 36 theme alkaline 368:375 arg1 soil 377:380 waterlogged alkaline soil 356:380 waterlogged alkaline soil 356:380 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC229T) was isolated from a water sample collected from waterlogged alkaline soil. 27530438 15 37 theme type 1772:1775 arg1 JC229T 1787:1792 JC229T 1787:1792 JC229T (=LMG 28999T=KCTC 33726T) 1787:1818 The type strain is JC229T (=LMG 28999T=KCTC 33726T). 27530438 15 37 theme type 1772:1775 arg1 strain 1777:1782 The type strain 1768:1782 The type strain 1768:1782 The type strain is JC229T (=LMG 28999T=KCTC 33726T). 27530438 6 38 theme >5 °C 993:997 arg1 ΔTm 986:988 ΔTm 986:988 ΔTm of >5 °C 986:997 Strain JC229T was further identified to be distinctly related to the type strains of A. bidgolensis and B. iranensis (<26 % based on DNA-DNA hybridization and ΔTm of >5 °C). 27530438 6 38 theme >5 °C 993:997 arg1 hybridization 968:980 DNA-DNA hybridization 960:980 DNA-DNA hybridization 960:980 Strain JC229T was further identified to be distinctly related to the type strains of A. bidgolensis and B. iranensis (<26 % based on DNA-DNA hybridization and ΔTm of >5 °C). 27530438 13 39 theme novel 1656:1660 arg1 species 1662:1668 a novel species 1654:1668 a novel species 1654:1668 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC229T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Alteribacillus, for which the name Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27530438 12 40 theme strain 1424:1429 arg1 JC229T 1431:1436 strain JC229T 1424:1436 strain JC229T 1424:1436 Polar lipids of strain JC229T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified lipids. 27530438 13 41 theme morphological 1537:1549 arg1 analyses 1608:1615 morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1537:1615 morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1537:1615 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC229T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Alteribacillus, for which the name Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27530438 9 42 theme Major 1161:1165 arg1 acids 1182:1186 Major cellular fatty acids 1161:1186 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC229T 1161:1203 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC229T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27530438 15 43 theme 28999T=KCTC 1800:1810 arg1 33726T 1812:1817 =LMG 28999T=KCTC 33726T 1795:1817 =LMG 28999T=KCTC 33726T 1795:1817 The type strain is JC229T (=LMG 28999T=KCTC 33726T). 27530438 15 43 theme 28999T=KCTC 1800:1810 arg1 JC229T 1787:1792 JC229T 1787:1792 JC229T (=LMG 28999T=KCTC 33726T) 1787:1818 The type strain is JC229T (=LMG 28999T=KCTC 33726T). 27530438 9 44 dep anteiso-C15  1210:1221 arg1  0 1253:1254  0 1253:1254  0 1253:1254 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC229T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27530438 9 44 dep anteiso-C15  1210:1221 arg1  0 1236:1237  0 1236:1237  0 1236:1237 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC229T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27530438 9 44 dep anteiso-C15  1210:1221 arg1  0 1269:1270  0 1269:1270  0 1269:1270 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC229T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27530438 9 44 dep anteiso-C15  1210:1221 arg1  0 1223:1224  0 1223:1224  0 1223:1224 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC229T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27530438 9 44 dep anteiso-C15  1210:1221 arg1 iso-C16  1260:1267 iso-C16  1260:1267 iso-C16  1260:1267 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC229T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27530438 5 45 theme strain 475:480 arg1 JC229T 482:487 strain JC229T 475:487 strain JC229T 475:487 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC229T was identified as belonging to the genus Alteribacillus of the phylum Firmicutes and was found to be most closely related to Alteribacillus bidgolensis P4BT (97.9 % similarity), Bacillus iranensis X5BT (97.2 %) and Alteribacillus persepolensis HS136T (96.6 %), and more distantly related to other members of the genus Bacillus (<95.2 %). 27530438 10 46 contain contained 1291:1299 arg2 acid 1321:1324 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1301:1324 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1301:1324 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27530438 10 46 contain contained 1291:1299 arg2 acid 1352:1355 the diagnostic diamino acid 1329:1355 the diagnostic diamino acid 1329:1355 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27530438 10 46 contain contained 1291:1299 arg1 peptidoglycan 1277:1289 The peptidoglycan 1273:1289 The peptidoglycan 1273:1289 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27530438 0 47 theme sp 43:44 arg1 Description 0:10 Description 0:10 Description of Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp. 0:45 Description of Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27530438 9 48 theme cellular 1167:1174 arg1 acids 1182:1186 Major cellular fatty acids 1161:1186 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC229T 1161:1203 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC229T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27530438 16 49 theme iranensis 1913:1921 arg1 comb 1923:1926 Alteribacillus iranensis comb 1898:1926 Alteribacillus iranensis comb 1898:1926 It is also suggested to transfer B. iranensis to the genus Alteribacillus as Alteribacillus iranensis comb. 27530438 2 50 theme emended 153:159 arg1 description 161:171 emended description 153:171 emended description 153:171 nov. and emended description of the genus Alteribacillus. 27530438 3 51 dep Gram-stain-positive 210:228 arg1 rod-shaped 271:280 rod-shaped 271:280 rod-shaped 271:280 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC229T) was isolated from a water sample collected from waterlogged alkaline soil. 27530438 3 51 dep Gram-stain-positive 210:228 arg1 non-motile 259:268 non-motile 259:268 non-motile 259:268 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC229T) was isolated from a water sample collected from waterlogged alkaline soil. 27530438 3 51 dep Gram-stain-positive 210:228 arg1 endospore-forming 240:256 endospore-forming 240:256 endospore-forming 240:256 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC229T) was isolated from a water sample collected from waterlogged alkaline soil. 27530438 3 51 dep Gram-stain-positive 210:228 arg1 aerobic 231:237 aerobic 231:237 aerobic 231:237 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC229T) was isolated from a water sample collected from waterlogged alkaline soil. 27530438 13 52 theme physiological 1552:1564 arg1 analyses 1608:1615 morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1537:1615 morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1537:1615 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC229T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Alteribacillus, for which the name Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27530438 9 53 theme fatty 1176:1180 arg1 acids 1182:1186 Major cellular fatty acids 1161:1186 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC229T 1161:1203 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC229T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27530438 10 54 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1301:1319 arg1 acid 1352:1355 the diagnostic diamino acid 1329:1355 the diagnostic diamino acid 1329:1355 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27530438 10 54 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1301:1319 arg1 acid 1321:1324 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1301:1324 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1301:1324 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27530438 11 55 theme quinone 1374:1380 arg1 menaquinone 1393:1403 menaquinone 7 1393:1405 menaquinone 7 1393:1405 The predominant quinone system was menaquinone 7. 27530438 11 55 theme quinone 1374:1380 arg1 system 1382:1387 The predominant quinone system 1358:1387 The predominant quinone system 1358:1387 The predominant quinone system was menaquinone 7. 27530438 1 56 dep iranensis 78:86 arg1 Bagheri 89:95 Bagheri 89:95 Bagheri 89:95 nov., reassignment of Bacillus iranensis (Bagheri et al. 2012) as Alteribacillus iranensis comb. 27530438 13 57 theme name 1713:1716 arg1 sp 1746:1747 the name Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp 1709:1747 the name Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp 1709:1747 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC229T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Alteribacillus, for which the name Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27530438 2 58 theme Alteribacillus 186:199 arg1 description 161:171 emended description 153:171 emended description 153:171 nov. and emended description of the genus Alteribacillus. 27530438 2 58 theme Alteribacillus 186:199 arg1 nov. 144:147 nov. 144:147 nov. 144:147 nov. and emended description of the genus Alteribacillus. 27530438 5 59 theme phylum 552:557 arg1 Firmicutes 559:568 the phylum Firmicutes 548:568 the phylum Firmicutes 548:568 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC229T was identified as belonging to the genus Alteribacillus of the phylum Firmicutes and was found to be most closely related to Alteribacillus bidgolensis P4BT (97.9 % similarity), Bacillus iranensis X5BT (97.2 %) and Alteribacillus persepolensis HS136T (96.6 %), and more distantly related to other members of the genus Bacillus (<95.2 %). 27530438 8 60 theme DNA 1130:1132 arg1 content 1138:1144 The DNA G+C content 1126:1144 The DNA G+C content 1126:1144 The DNA G+C content was 40.2 mol%. 27530438 8 60 theme DNA 1130:1132 arg1 % 1158:1158 40.2 mol% 1150:1158 40.2 mol% 1150:1158 The DNA G+C content was 40.2 mol%. 27530438 5 61 theme 16S 442:444 arg1 analysis 465:472 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 442:472 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 442:472 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC229T was identified as belonging to the genus Alteribacillus of the phylum Firmicutes and was found to be most closely related to Alteribacillus bidgolensis P4BT (97.9 % similarity), Bacillus iranensis X5BT (97.2 %) and Alteribacillus persepolensis HS136T (96.6 %), and more distantly related to other members of the genus Bacillus (<95.2 %). 27530438 5 62 dep P4BT 641:644 arg1 HS136T 733:738 HS136T 733:738 HS136T 733:738 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC229T was identified as belonging to the genus Alteribacillus of the phylum Firmicutes and was found to be most closely related to Alteribacillus bidgolensis P4BT (97.9 % similarity), Bacillus iranensis X5BT (97.2 %) and Alteribacillus persepolensis HS136T (96.6 %), and more distantly related to other members of the genus Bacillus (<95.2 %). 27530438 3 63 theme strain 293:298 arg1 bacterium 282:290 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium 202:290 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC229T) 202:306 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC229T) was isolated from a water sample collected from waterlogged alkaline soil. 27530438 3 63 theme strain 293:298 arg1 JC229T 300:305 strain JC229T 293:305 strain JC229T 293:305 A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC229T) was isolated from a water sample collected from waterlogged alkaline soil. 27530438 2 64 theme genus 180:184 arg1 Alteribacillus 186:199 the genus Alteribacillus 176:199 the genus Alteribacillus 176:199 nov. and emended description of the genus Alteribacillus. 27530438 12 65 theme JC229T 1431:1436 arg1 lipids 1414:1419 Polar lipids 1408:1419 Polar lipids of strain JC229T 1408:1436 Polar lipids of strain JC229T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified lipids. 27530438 1 66 theme Alteribacillus 113:126 arg1 comb 138:141 Alteribacillus iranensis comb 113:141 Alteribacillus iranensis comb 113:141 nov., reassignment of Bacillus iranensis (Bagheri et al. 2012) as Alteribacillus iranensis comb. 27530438 5 67 theme rRNA 446:449 arg1 analysis 465:472 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 442:472 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 442:472 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC229T was identified as belonging to the genus Alteribacillus of the phylum Firmicutes and was found to be most closely related to Alteribacillus bidgolensis P4BT (97.9 % similarity), Bacillus iranensis X5BT (97.2 %) and Alteribacillus persepolensis HS136T (96.6 %), and more distantly related to other members of the genus Bacillus (<95.2 %). 27530438 9 68 theme JC229T 1198:1203 arg1 acids 1182:1186 Major cellular fatty acids 1161:1186 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC229T 1161:1203 Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC229T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27530438 10 69 theme diamino 1344:1350 arg1 acid 1352:1355 the diagnostic diamino acid 1329:1355 the diagnostic diamino acid 1329:1355 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27530438 10 69 theme diamino 1344:1350 arg1 acid 1321:1324 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1301:1324 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1301:1324 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27530438 6 70 theme DNA-DNA 960:966 arg1 hybridization 968:980 DNA-DNA hybridization 960:980 DNA-DNA hybridization 960:980 Strain JC229T was further identified to be distinctly related to the type strains of A. bidgolensis and B. iranensis (<26 % based on DNA-DNA hybridization and ΔTm of >5 °C). 27530438 1 71 theme iranensis 128:136 arg1 comb 138:141 Alteribacillus iranensis comb 113:141 Alteribacillus iranensis comb 113:141 nov., reassignment of Bacillus iranensis (Bagheri et al. 2012) as Alteribacillus iranensis comb. 27530438 5 72 theme gene 451:454 arg1 analysis 465:472 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 442:472 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 442:472 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC229T was identified as belonging to the genus Alteribacillus of the phylum Firmicutes and was found to be most closely related to Alteribacillus bidgolensis P4BT (97.9 % similarity), Bacillus iranensis X5BT (97.2 %) and Alteribacillus persepolensis HS136T (96.6 %), and more distantly related to other members of the genus Bacillus (<95.2 %). 27530438 5 73 theme % 652:652 arg1 similarity 654:663 97.9 % similarity 647:663 97.9 % similarity 647:663 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC229T was identified as belonging to the genus Alteribacillus of the phylum Firmicutes and was found to be most closely related to Alteribacillus bidgolensis P4BT (97.9 % similarity), Bacillus iranensis X5BT (97.2 %) and Alteribacillus persepolensis HS136T (96.6 %), and more distantly related to other members of the genus Bacillus (<95.2 %). 27530438 5 73 theme % 652:652 arg1 P4BT 641:644 Alteribacillus bidgolensis P4BT 614:644 Alteribacillus bidgolensis P4BT (97.9 % similarity) 614:664 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC229T was identified as belonging to the genus Alteribacillus of the phylum Firmicutes and was found to be most closely related to Alteribacillus bidgolensis P4BT (97.9 % similarity), Bacillus iranensis X5BT (97.2 %) and Alteribacillus persepolensis HS136T (96.6 %), and more distantly related to other members of the genus Bacillus (<95.2 %). 27530438 10 74 theme diagnostic 1333:1342 arg1 acid 1352:1355 the diagnostic diamino acid 1329:1355 the diagnostic diamino acid 1329:1355 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27530438 10 74 theme diagnostic 1333:1342 arg1 acid 1321:1324 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1301:1324 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1301:1324 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27530438 13 75 dep analyses 1608:1615 arg1 the 1524:1526 the 1524:1526 the 1524:1526 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC229T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Alteribacillus, for which the name Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27530438 13 75 dep analyses 1608:1615 arg1 basis 1528:1532 basis 1528:1532 basis 1528:1532 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC229T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Alteribacillus, for which the name Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27530438 0 76 theme Alteribacillus 15:28 arg1 sp 43:44 Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp 15:44 Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp 15:44 Description of Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp. 27530438 7 77 theme % 1106:1106 arg1 salinity 1090:1097 a salinity 1088:1097 a salinity of 3-5 % (range 0.5-24 %) 1088:1123 Strain JC229T grew optimally at pH 8 (range 5-11), at 35-40 °C (range 20-50 °C) and at a salinity of 3-5 % (range 0.5-24 %). 27530438 12 78 theme unidentified 1500:1511 arg1 lipids 1513:1518 two unidentified lipids 1496:1518 two unidentified lipids 1496:1518 Polar lipids of strain JC229T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified lipids. 27530438 13 79 theme phylogenetic 1576:1587 arg1 analyses 1608:1615 morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1537:1615 morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1537:1615 On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC229T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Alteribacillus, for which the name Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp. 29038760 8 0 theme cellulase 1148:1156 arg1 preparation 1158:1168 a commercial cellulase preparation 1135:1168 a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) 1135:1184 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 8 0 theme cellulase 1148:1156 arg1 CTec2 1179:1183 Cellic® CTec2 1171:1183 Cellic® CTec2 1171:1183 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 6 1 theme yeast 907:911 arg1 pastoris 920:927 the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris X-33 888:932 the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris X-33 888:932 METHODS In this study, the gene encoding a cellobiohydrolase B (cbhB) from A. niger ATCC 10574 was cloned and expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris X-33. 29038760 3 2 attach present 496:502 arg2 cellulose 486:494 crystalline cellulose 474:494 crystalline cellulose present in lignocellulosic biomass 474:529 Cellobiohydrolases (CBH) are vital to the degradation of crystalline cellulose present in lignocellulosic biomass. 29038760 3 2 attach present 496:502 arg1 biomass 523:529 lignocellulosic biomass 507:529 lignocellulosic biomass 507:529 Cellobiohydrolases (CBH) are vital to the degradation of crystalline cellulose present in lignocellulosic biomass. 29038760 6 3 dep METHODS 765:771 arg1 expressed 875:883 expressed 875:883 expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris X-33 875:932 METHODS In this study, the gene encoding a cellobiohydrolase B (cbhB) from A. niger ATCC 10574 was cloned and expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris X-33. 29038760 6 3 dep METHODS 765:771 arg1 cloned 864:869 cloned 864:869 cloned 864:869 METHODS In this study, the gene encoding a cellobiohydrolase B (cbhB) from A. niger ATCC 10574 was cloned and expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris X-33. 29038760 10 4 theme total 1530:1534 arg1 spectroscopy 1553:1564 attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy 1519:1564 attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) 1519:1575 Hydrolysed OPEFB samples were analysed using attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) to screen for any compositional changes upon enzymatic treatment. 29038760 13 5 theme purified 2036:2043 arg1 CBHB 2045:2048 purified CBHB 2036:2048 purified CBHB using MUC as the model substrate 2036:2081 Characterisation of purified CBHB using MUC as the model substrate revealed that optimum catalysis occurred at 50 °C and pH 4 but the enzyme was stable between pH 3 to 10 and 30 to 80 °C. Although CBHB on its own was unable to digest crystalline substrates, supplementation of CBHB (0.37%) with Cellic® CTec2 (30%) increased saccharification of OPEFB by 27%. 29038760 16 6 theme Cellic® 2827:2833 arg1 CTec2 2835:2839 Cellic® CTec2 2827:2839 Cellic® CTec2 2827:2839 CBHB supplements were desirable as they further increased hydrolysis of OPEFB when the performance of Cellic® CTec2 was theoretically capped at an enzyme loading of 34% in this study. 29038760 6 7 theme cellobiohydrolase 808:824 arg1 cbhB 829:832 cbhB 829:832 cbhB 829:832 METHODS In this study, the gene encoding a cellobiohydrolase B (cbhB) from A. niger ATCC 10574 was cloned and expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris X-33. 29038760 6 7 theme cellobiohydrolase 808:824 arg1 B 826:826 a cellobiohydrolase B 806:826 a cellobiohydrolase B (cbhB) 806:833 METHODS In this study, the gene encoding a cellobiohydrolase B (cbhB) from A. niger ATCC 10574 was cloned and expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris X-33. 29038760 2 8 theme fungal 282:287 arg1 system 299:304 A fungal cellulase system 280:304 A fungal cellulase system 280:304 A fungal cellulase system generally includes three major classes of enzymes i.e., β-glucosidases, endoglucanases and cellobiohydrolases. 29038760 9 9 theme surface 1402:1408 arg1 methodology 1410:1420 response surface methodology 1393:1420 response surface methodology 1393:1420 To attain maximum saccharification, enzyme loadings were optimised by response surface methodology and the optimum point was validated experimentally. 29038760 14 10 theme peak 2470:2473 arg1 intensities 2475:2485 peak intensities 2470:2485 peak intensities of both crystalline cellulose Iα and Iβ 2470:2525 Compositional analyses of the treated OPEFB samples revealed that CBHB supplementation reduced peak intensities of both crystalline cellulose Iα and Iβ in the treated OPEFB samples. 29038760 8 11 theme fruit 1227:1231 arg1 bunch 1233:1237 oil palm empty fruit bunch 1212:1237 oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) 1212:1245 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 8 11 theme fruit 1227:1231 arg1 waste 1289:1293 the most abundant lignocellulosic waste 1255:1293 the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry 1255:1320 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 8 11 theme fruit 1227:1231 arg1 OPEFB 1240:1244 OPEFB 1240:1244 OPEFB 1240:1244 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 8 11 theme fruit 1227:1231 arg1 one 1248:1250 one 1248:1250 one 1248:1250 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 3 12 from present 496:502 arg1 biomass 523:529 lignocellulosic biomass 507:529 lignocellulosic biomass 507:529 Cellobiohydrolases (CBH) are vital to the degradation of crystalline cellulose present in lignocellulosic biomass. 29038760 1 13 theme other 176:180 arg1 fungi 200:204 many other lignocellulolytic fungi 171:204 many other lignocellulolytic fungi 171:204 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 29038760 1 13 theme other 176:180 arg1 niger 153:157 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger 130:157 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger 130:157 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 29038760 1 13 theme other 176:180 arg1 workhorse 244:252 a commercial workhorse 231:252 a commercial workhorse for cellulase production 231:277 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 29038760 5 14 theme CBH 659:661 arg1 yield 674:678 CBH production yield 659:678 CBH production yield 659:678 Hence, recombinant production of A. niger CBH is desirable to increase CBH production yield and also to allow biochemical characterisation of the recombinant CBH from A. niger. 29038760 9 15 theme optimum 1430:1436 arg1 point 1438:1442 the optimum point 1426:1442 the optimum point 1426:1442 To attain maximum saccharification, enzyme loadings were optimised by response surface methodology and the optimum point was validated experimentally. 29038760 0 16 theme bunches 121:127 arg1 hydrolysis 86:95 hydrolysis 86:95 hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches 86:127 Cellobiohydrolase B of Aspergillus niger over-expressed in Pichia pastoris stimulates hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches. 29038760 5 17 from niger 758:762 arg1 characterisation 710:725 biochemical characterisation 698:725 biochemical characterisation of the recombinant CBH from A. niger 698:762 Hence, recombinant production of A. niger CBH is desirable to increase CBH production yield and also to allow biochemical characterisation of the recombinant CBH from A. niger. 29038760 15 18 theme crystalline 2606:2616 arg1 cellulose 2618:2626 crystalline cellulose 2606:2626 crystalline cellulose 2606:2626 DISCUSSION Since CBHB alone was inactive against crystalline cellulose, these data suggested that it might work synergistically with other components of Cellic® CTec2. 29038760 10 19 theme enzymatic 1622:1630 arg1 treatment 1632:1640 enzymatic treatment 1622:1640 enzymatic treatment 1622:1640 Hydrolysed OPEFB samples were analysed using attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) to screen for any compositional changes upon enzymatic treatment. 29038760 5 20 theme CBH 746:748 arg1 characterisation 710:725 biochemical characterisation 698:725 biochemical characterisation of the recombinant CBH from A. niger 698:762 Hence, recombinant production of A. niger CBH is desirable to increase CBH production yield and also to allow biochemical characterisation of the recombinant CBH from A. niger. 29038760 8 21 theme palm 1216:1219 arg1 bunch 1233:1237 oil palm empty fruit bunch 1212:1237 oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) 1212:1245 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 8 21 theme palm 1216:1219 arg1 waste 1289:1293 the most abundant lignocellulosic waste 1255:1293 the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry 1255:1320 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 8 21 theme palm 1216:1219 arg1 OPEFB 1240:1244 OPEFB 1240:1244 OPEFB 1240:1244 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 8 21 theme palm 1216:1219 arg1 one 1248:1250 one 1248:1250 one 1248:1250 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 5 22 theme biochemical 698:708 arg1 characterisation 710:725 biochemical characterisation 698:725 biochemical characterisation of the recombinant CBH from A. niger 698:762 Hence, recombinant production of A. niger CBH is desirable to increase CBH production yield and also to allow biochemical characterisation of the recombinant CBH from A. niger. 29038760 16 23 theme % 2892:2892 arg1 loading 2879:2885 an enzyme loading 2869:2885 an enzyme loading of 34% in this study 2869:2906 CBHB supplements were desirable as they further increased hydrolysis of OPEFB when the performance of Cellic® CTec2 was theoretically capped at an enzyme loading of 34% in this study. 29038760 17 24 theme supplementary 2960:2972 arg1 CBHB 2925:2928 A. niger CBHB 2916:2928 A. niger CBHB 2916:2928 Hence, A. niger CBHB was identified as a potential supplementary enzyme for the enzymatic hydrolysis of OPEFB. 29038760 17 24 theme supplementary 2960:2972 arg1 enzyme 2974:2979 a potential supplementary enzyme 2948:2979 a potential supplementary enzyme for the enzymatic hydrolysis of OPEFB 2948:3017 Hence, A. niger CBHB was identified as a potential supplementary enzyme for the enzymatic hydrolysis of OPEFB. 29038760 14 25 theme Compositional 2375:2387 arg1 analyses 2389:2396 Compositional analyses 2375:2396 Compositional analyses of the treated OPEFB samples 2375:2425 Compositional analyses of the treated OPEFB samples revealed that CBHB supplementation reduced peak intensities of both crystalline cellulose Iα and Iβ in the treated OPEFB samples. 29038760 8 26 theme abundant 1264:1271 arg1 waste 1289:1293 the most abundant lignocellulosic waste 1255:1293 the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry 1255:1320 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 1 27 theme Aspergillus 141:151 arg1 fungi 200:204 many other lignocellulolytic fungi 171:204 many other lignocellulolytic fungi 171:204 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 29038760 1 27 theme Aspergillus 141:151 arg1 workhorse 244:252 a commercial workhorse 231:252 a commercial workhorse for cellulase production 231:277 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 29038760 1 27 theme Aspergillus 141:151 arg1 niger 153:157 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger 130:157 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger 130:157 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 29038760 17 28 theme niger 2919:2923 arg1 CBHB 2925:2928 A. niger CBHB 2916:2928 A. niger CBHB 2916:2928 Hence, A. niger CBHB was identified as a potential supplementary enzyme for the enzymatic hydrolysis of OPEFB. 29038760 17 28 theme niger 2919:2923 arg1 enzyme 2974:2979 a potential supplementary enzyme 2948:2979 a potential supplementary enzyme for the enzymatic hydrolysis of OPEFB 2948:3017 Hence, A. niger CBHB was identified as a potential supplementary enzyme for the enzymatic hydrolysis of OPEFB. 29038760 8 29 theme waste 1289:1293 arg1 bunch 1233:1237 oil palm empty fruit bunch 1212:1237 oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) 1212:1245 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 8 29 theme waste 1289:1293 arg1 waste 1289:1293 the most abundant lignocellulosic waste 1255:1293 the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry 1255:1320 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 8 29 theme waste 1289:1293 arg1 one 1248:1250 one 1248:1250 one 1248:1250 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 1 30 theme cellulase 258:266 arg1 production 268:277 cellulase production 258:277 cellulase production 258:277 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 29038760 17 31 theme enzymatic 2989:2997 arg1 hydrolysis 2999:3008 the enzymatic hydrolysis 2985:3008 the enzymatic hydrolysis of OPEFB 2985:3017 Hence, A. niger CBHB was identified as a potential supplementary enzyme for the enzymatic hydrolysis of OPEFB. 29038760 5 32 theme A. 621:622 arg1 CBH 630:632 A. niger CBH 621:632 A. niger CBH 621:632 Hence, recombinant production of A. niger CBH is desirable to increase CBH production yield and also to allow biochemical characterisation of the recombinant CBH from A. niger. 29038760 8 33 theme oil 1309:1311 arg1 industry 1313:1320 the palm oil industry 1300:1320 the palm oil industry 1300:1320 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 0 34 theme oil 100:102 arg1 bunches 121:127 oil palm empty fruit bunches 100:127 oil palm empty fruit bunches 100:127 Cellobiohydrolase B of Aspergillus niger over-expressed in Pichia pastoris stimulates hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches. 29038760 5 35 theme CBH 630:632 arg1 production 607:616 recombinant production 595:616 recombinant production of A. niger CBH 595:632 Hence, recombinant production of A. niger CBH is desirable to increase CBH production yield and also to allow biochemical characterisation of the recombinant CBH from A. niger. 29038760 16 36 from % 2892:2892 arg1 study 2902:2906 this study 2897:2906 this study 2897:2906 CBHB supplements were desirable as they further increased hydrolysis of OPEFB when the performance of Cellic® CTec2 was theoretically capped at an enzyme loading of 34% in this study. 29038760 0 37 theme empty 109:113 arg1 bunches 121:127 oil palm empty fruit bunches 100:127 oil palm empty fruit bunches 100:127 Cellobiohydrolase B of Aspergillus niger over-expressed in Pichia pastoris stimulates hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches. 29038760 7 38 theme recombinant 939:949 arg1 CBHB 951:954 The recombinant CBHB 935:954 The recombinant CBHB 935:954 The recombinant CBHB was purified and characterised to study its biochemical and kinetic characteristics. 29038760 1 39 dep along 160:164 arg1 with 166:169 with 166:169 with 166:169 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 29038760 0 40 theme Cellobiohydrolase 0:16 arg1 B 18:18 Cellobiohydrolase B 0:18 Cellobiohydrolase B of Aspergillus niger over-expressed in Pichia pastoris 0:73 Cellobiohydrolase B of Aspergillus niger over-expressed in Pichia pastoris stimulates hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches. 29038760 12 41 theme crystalline 1955:1965 arg1 substrates 1967:1976 crystalline substrates 1955:1976 crystalline substrates like Avicel® and Sigmacell cellulose 1955:2013 CBHB was enzymatically active towards soluble substrates such as 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-cellobioside (MUC), p-nitrophenyl-cellobioside (pNPC) and p-nitrophenyl-cellobiotrioside (pNPG3) but was not active towards crystalline substrates like Avicel® and Sigmacell cellulose. 29038760 16 42 theme CBHB 2725:2728 arg1 supplements 2730:2740 CBHB supplements 2725:2740 CBHB supplements 2725:2740 CBHB supplements were desirable as they further increased hydrolysis of OPEFB when the performance of Cellic® CTec2 was theoretically capped at an enzyme loading of 34% in this study. 29038760 3 43 theme crystalline 474:484 arg1 cellulose 486:494 crystalline cellulose 474:494 crystalline cellulose present in lignocellulosic biomass 474:529 Cellobiohydrolases (CBH) are vital to the degradation of crystalline cellulose present in lignocellulosic biomass. 29038760 10 44 theme Hydrolysed 1474:1483 arg1 samples 1491:1497 Hydrolysed OPEFB samples 1474:1497 Hydrolysed OPEFB samples 1474:1497 Hydrolysed OPEFB samples were analysed using attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) to screen for any compositional changes upon enzymatic treatment. 29038760 0 45 theme niger 35:39 arg1 B 18:18 Cellobiohydrolase B 0:18 Cellobiohydrolase B of Aspergillus niger over-expressed in Pichia pastoris 0:73 Cellobiohydrolase B of Aspergillus niger over-expressed in Pichia pastoris stimulates hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches. 29038760 8 46 theme biomass 1088:1094 arg1 conversion 1096:1105 biomass conversion 1088:1105 biomass conversion 1088:1105 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 14 47 theme treated 2534:2540 arg1 samples 2548:2554 the treated OPEFB samples 2530:2554 the treated OPEFB samples 2530:2554 Compositional analyses of the treated OPEFB samples revealed that CBHB supplementation reduced peak intensities of both crystalline cellulose Iα and Iβ in the treated OPEFB samples. 29038760 10 48 theme attenuated 1519:1528 arg1 spectroscopy 1553:1564 attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy 1519:1564 attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) 1519:1575 Hydrolysed OPEFB samples were analysed using attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) to screen for any compositional changes upon enzymatic treatment. 29038760 15 49 theme Cellic® 2710:2716 arg1 CTec2 2718:2722 Cellic® CTec2 2710:2722 Cellic® CTec2 2710:2722 DISCUSSION Since CBHB alone was inactive against crystalline cellulose, these data suggested that it might work synergistically with other components of Cellic® CTec2. 29038760 3 50 theme lignocellulosic 507:521 arg1 biomass 523:529 lignocellulosic biomass 507:529 lignocellulosic biomass 507:529 Cellobiohydrolases (CBH) are vital to the degradation of crystalline cellulose present in lignocellulosic biomass. 29038760 9 51 theme maximum 1333:1339 arg1 saccharification 1341:1356 maximum saccharification 1333:1356 maximum saccharification 1333:1356 To attain maximum saccharification, enzyme loadings were optimised by response surface methodology and the optimum point was validated experimentally. 29038760 6 52 theme A. 840:841 arg1 ATCC 849:852 A. niger ATCC 10574 840:858 A. niger ATCC 10574 840:858 METHODS In this study, the gene encoding a cellobiohydrolase B (cbhB) from A. niger ATCC 10574 was cloned and expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris X-33. 29038760 4 53 theme low 569:571 arg1 levels 573:578 low levels 569:578 low levels of CBH 569:585 However, A. niger naturally secretes low levels of CBH. 29038760 14 54 theme samples 2419:2425 arg1 analyses 2389:2396 Compositional analyses 2375:2396 Compositional analyses of the treated OPEFB samples 2375:2425 Compositional analyses of the treated OPEFB samples revealed that CBHB supplementation reduced peak intensities of both crystalline cellulose Iα and Iβ in the treated OPEFB samples. 29038760 3 55 theme present 496:502 arg1 cellulose 486:494 crystalline cellulose 474:494 crystalline cellulose present in lignocellulosic biomass 474:529 Cellobiohydrolases (CBH) are vital to the degradation of crystalline cellulose present in lignocellulosic biomass. 29038760 8 56 from industry 1313:1320 arg1 waste 1289:1293 the most abundant lignocellulosic waste 1255:1293 the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry 1255:1320 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 13 57 theme OPEFB 2361:2365 arg1 saccharification 2341:2356 saccharification 2341:2356 saccharification of OPEFB 2341:2365 Characterisation of purified CBHB using MUC as the model substrate revealed that optimum catalysis occurred at 50 °C and pH 4 but the enzyme was stable between pH 3 to 10 and 30 to 80 °C. Although CBHB on its own was unable to digest crystalline substrates, supplementation of CBHB (0.37%) with Cellic® CTec2 (30%) increased saccharification of OPEFB by 27%. 29038760 13 58 dep 10 2184:2185 arg1 to 2181:2182 to 2181:2182 to 2181:2182 Characterisation of purified CBHB using MUC as the model substrate revealed that optimum catalysis occurred at 50 °C and pH 4 but the enzyme was stable between pH 3 to 10 and 30 to 80 °C. Although CBHB on its own was unable to digest crystalline substrates, supplementation of CBHB (0.37%) with Cellic® CTec2 (30%) increased saccharification of OPEFB by 27%. 29038760 14 59 theme treated 2405:2411 arg1 samples 2419:2425 the treated OPEFB samples 2401:2425 the treated OPEFB samples 2401:2425 Compositional analyses of the treated OPEFB samples revealed that CBHB supplementation reduced peak intensities of both crystalline cellulose Iα and Iβ in the treated OPEFB samples. 29038760 15 60 theme CTec2 2718:2722 arg1 components 2696:2705 other components 2690:2705 other components of Cellic® CTec2 2690:2722 DISCUSSION Since CBHB alone was inactive against crystalline cellulose, these data suggested that it might work synergistically with other components of Cellic® CTec2. 29038760 6 61 theme Pichia 913:918 arg1 pastoris 920:927 the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris X-33 888:932 the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris X-33 888:932 METHODS In this study, the gene encoding a cellobiohydrolase B (cbhB) from A. niger ATCC 10574 was cloned and expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris X-33. 29038760 10 62 theme reflectance 1536:1546 arg1 spectroscopy 1553:1564 attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy 1519:1564 attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) 1519:1575 Hydrolysed OPEFB samples were analysed using attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) to screen for any compositional changes upon enzymatic treatment. 29038760 5 63 theme production 663:672 arg1 yield 674:678 CBH production yield 659:678 CBH production yield 659:678 Hence, recombinant production of A. niger CBH is desirable to increase CBH production yield and also to allow biochemical characterisation of the recombinant CBH from A. niger. 29038760 8 64 theme commercial 1137:1146 arg1 preparation 1158:1168 a commercial cellulase preparation 1135:1168 a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) 1135:1184 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 8 64 theme commercial 1137:1146 arg1 CTec2 1179:1183 Cellic® CTec2 1171:1183 Cellic® CTec2 1171:1183 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 6 65 theme methylotrophic 892:905 arg1 pastoris 920:927 the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris X-33 888:932 the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris X-33 888:932 METHODS In this study, the gene encoding a cellobiohydrolase B (cbhB) from A. niger ATCC 10574 was cloned and expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris X-33. 29038760 11 66 theme RESULTS 1643:1649 arg1 CBHB 1663:1666 RESULTS Recombinant CBHB 1643:1666 RESULTS Recombinant CBHB 1643:1666 RESULTS Recombinant CBHB was over-expressed as a hyperglycosylated protein attached to N-glycans. 29038760 11 66 theme RESULTS 1643:1649 arg1 protein 1710:1716 a hyperglycosylated protein 1690:1716 a hyperglycosylated protein attached to N-glycans 1690:1738 RESULTS Recombinant CBHB was over-expressed as a hyperglycosylated protein attached to N-glycans. 29038760 13 67 theme CBHB 2045:2048 arg1 Characterisation 2016:2031 Characterisation 2016:2031 Characterisation of purified CBHB using MUC as the model substrate 2016:2081 Characterisation of purified CBHB using MUC as the model substrate revealed that optimum catalysis occurred at 50 °C and pH 4 but the enzyme was stable between pH 3 to 10 and 30 to 80 °C. Although CBHB on its own was unable to digest crystalline substrates, supplementation of CBHB (0.37%) with Cellic® CTec2 (30%) increased saccharification of OPEFB by 27%. 29038760 2 68 theme cellulase 289:297 arg1 system 299:304 A fungal cellulase system 280:304 A fungal cellulase system 280:304 A fungal cellulase system generally includes three major classes of enzymes i.e., β-glucosidases, endoglucanases and cellobiohydrolases. 29038760 9 69 theme response 1393:1400 arg1 methodology 1410:1420 response surface methodology 1393:1420 response surface methodology 1393:1420 To attain maximum saccharification, enzyme loadings were optimised by response surface methodology and the optimum point was validated experimentally. 29038760 2 70 theme enzymes 348:354 arg1 cellobiohydrolases 397:414 cellobiohydrolases 397:414 cellobiohydrolases 397:414 A fungal cellulase system generally includes three major classes of enzymes i.e., β-glucosidases, endoglucanases and cellobiohydrolases. 29038760 2 70 theme enzymes 348:354 arg1 endoglucanases 378:391 endoglucanases 378:391 endoglucanases 378:391 A fungal cellulase system generally includes three major classes of enzymes i.e., β-glucosidases, endoglucanases and cellobiohydrolases. 29038760 2 70 theme enzymes 348:354 arg1 classes 337:343 three major classes 325:343 three major classes 325:343 A fungal cellulase system generally includes three major classes of enzymes i.e., β-glucosidases, endoglucanases and cellobiohydrolases. 29038760 17 71 theme OPEFB 3013:3017 arg1 hydrolysis 2999:3008 the enzymatic hydrolysis 2985:3008 the enzymatic hydrolysis of OPEFB 2985:3017 Hence, A. niger CBHB was identified as a potential supplementary enzyme for the enzymatic hydrolysis of OPEFB. 29038760 1 72 theme many 171:174 arg1 fungi 200:204 many other lignocellulolytic fungi 171:204 many other lignocellulolytic fungi 171:204 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 29038760 1 72 theme many 171:174 arg1 niger 153:157 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger 130:157 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger 130:157 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 29038760 1 72 theme many 171:174 arg1 workhorse 244:252 a commercial workhorse 231:252 a commercial workhorse for cellulase production 231:277 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 29038760 16 73 theme CTec2 2835:2839 arg1 performance 2812:2822 the performance 2808:2822 the performance of Cellic® CTec2 2808:2839 CBHB supplements were desirable as they further increased hydrolysis of OPEFB when the performance of Cellic® CTec2 was theoretically capped at an enzyme loading of 34% in this study. 29038760 8 74 theme empty 1221:1225 arg1 bunch 1233:1237 oil palm empty fruit bunch 1212:1237 oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) 1212:1245 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 8 74 theme empty 1221:1225 arg1 waste 1289:1293 the most abundant lignocellulosic waste 1255:1293 the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry 1255:1320 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 8 74 theme empty 1221:1225 arg1 OPEFB 1240:1244 OPEFB 1240:1244 OPEFB 1240:1244 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 8 74 theme empty 1221:1225 arg1 one 1248:1250 one 1248:1250 one 1248:1250 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 10 75 theme compositional 1595:1607 arg1 changes 1609:1615 any compositional changes 1591:1615 any compositional changes upon enzymatic treatment 1591:1640 Hydrolysed OPEFB samples were analysed using attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) to screen for any compositional changes upon enzymatic treatment. 29038760 1 76 theme lignocellulolytic 182:198 arg1 fungi 200:204 many other lignocellulolytic fungi 171:204 many other lignocellulolytic fungi 171:204 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 29038760 1 76 theme lignocellulolytic 182:198 arg1 niger 153:157 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger 130:157 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger 130:157 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 29038760 1 76 theme lignocellulolytic 182:198 arg1 workhorse 244:252 a commercial workhorse 231:252 a commercial workhorse for cellulase production 231:277 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 29038760 12 77 theme soluble 1779:1785 arg1 p-nitrophenyl-cellobioside 1851:1876 p-nitrophenyl-cellobioside 1851:1876 p-nitrophenyl-cellobioside (pNPC) 1851:1883 CBHB was enzymatically active towards soluble substrates such as 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-cellobioside (MUC), p-nitrophenyl-cellobioside (pNPC) and p-nitrophenyl-cellobiotrioside (pNPG3) but was not active towards crystalline substrates like Avicel® and Sigmacell cellulose. 29038760 12 77 theme soluble 1779:1785 arg1 p-nitrophenyl-cellobiotrioside 1889:1918 p-nitrophenyl-cellobiotrioside 1889:1918 p-nitrophenyl-cellobiotrioside (pNPG3) 1889:1926 CBHB was enzymatically active towards soluble substrates such as 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-cellobioside (MUC), p-nitrophenyl-cellobioside (pNPC) and p-nitrophenyl-cellobiotrioside (pNPG3) but was not active towards crystalline substrates like Avicel® and Sigmacell cellulose. 29038760 12 77 theme soluble 1779:1785 arg1 substrates 1787:1796 soluble substrates 1779:1796 soluble substrates such as 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-cellobioside (MUC), p-nitrophenyl-cellobioside (pNPC) and p-nitrophenyl-cellobiotrioside (pNPG3) 1779:1926 CBHB was enzymatically active towards soluble substrates such as 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-cellobioside (MUC), p-nitrophenyl-cellobioside (pNPC) and p-nitrophenyl-cellobiotrioside (pNPG3) but was not active towards crystalline substrates like Avicel® and Sigmacell cellulose. 29038760 12 77 theme soluble 1779:1785 arg1 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-cellobioside 1806:1842 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-cellobioside 1806:1842 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-cellobioside (MUC) 1806:1848 CBHB was enzymatically active towards soluble substrates such as 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-cellobioside (MUC), p-nitrophenyl-cellobioside (pNPC) and p-nitrophenyl-cellobiotrioside (pNPG3) but was not active towards crystalline substrates like Avicel® and Sigmacell cellulose. 29038760 3 78 from biomass 523:529 arg1 present 496:502 present 496:502 present 496:502 Cellobiohydrolases (CBH) are vital to the degradation of crystalline cellulose present in lignocellulosic biomass. 29038760 11 79 attach attached 1718:1725 arg2 CBHB 1663:1666 RESULTS Recombinant CBHB 1643:1666 RESULTS Recombinant CBHB 1643:1666 RESULTS Recombinant CBHB was over-expressed as a hyperglycosylated protein attached to N-glycans. 29038760 11 79 attach attached 1718:1725 arg1 N-glycans 1730:1738 N-glycans 1730:1738 N-glycans 1730:1738 RESULTS Recombinant CBHB was over-expressed as a hyperglycosylated protein attached to N-glycans. 29038760 11 79 attach attached 1718:1725 arg2 protein 1710:1716 a hyperglycosylated protein 1690:1716 a hyperglycosylated protein attached to N-glycans 1690:1738 RESULTS Recombinant CBHB was over-expressed as a hyperglycosylated protein attached to N-glycans. 29038760 13 80 theme Cellic® 2311:2317 arg1 CTec2 2319:2323 Cellic® CTec2 2311:2323 Cellic® CTec2 (30%) 2311:2329 Characterisation of purified CBHB using MUC as the model substrate revealed that optimum catalysis occurred at 50 °C and pH 4 but the enzyme was stable between pH 3 to 10 and 30 to 80 °C. Although CBHB on its own was unable to digest crystalline substrates, supplementation of CBHB (0.37%) with Cellic® CTec2 (30%) increased saccharification of OPEFB by 27%. 29038760 13 80 theme Cellic® 2311:2317 arg1 % 2328:2328 30% 2326:2328 30% 2326:2328 Characterisation of purified CBHB using MUC as the model substrate revealed that optimum catalysis occurred at 50 °C and pH 4 but the enzyme was stable between pH 3 to 10 and 30 to 80 °C. Although CBHB on its own was unable to digest crystalline substrates, supplementation of CBHB (0.37%) with Cellic® CTec2 (30%) increased saccharification of OPEFB by 27%. 29038760 8 81 used used 1194:1197 arg2 CBHB 1108:1111 CBHB 1108:1111 CBHB 1108:1111 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 5 82 theme recombinant 734:744 arg1 CBH 746:748 the recombinant CBH 730:748 the recombinant CBH 730:748 Hence, recombinant production of A. niger CBH is desirable to increase CBH production yield and also to allow biochemical characterisation of the recombinant CBH from A. niger. 29038760 12 83 dep Avicel® 1983:1989 arg1 cellulose 2005:2013 cellulose 2005:2013 cellulose 2005:2013 CBHB was enzymatically active towards soluble substrates such as 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-cellobioside (MUC), p-nitrophenyl-cellobioside (pNPC) and p-nitrophenyl-cellobiotrioside (pNPG3) but was not active towards crystalline substrates like Avicel® and Sigmacell cellulose. 29038760 17 84 theme potential 2950:2958 arg1 CBHB 2925:2928 A. niger CBHB 2916:2928 A. niger CBHB 2916:2928 Hence, A. niger CBHB was identified as a potential supplementary enzyme for the enzymatic hydrolysis of OPEFB. 29038760 17 84 theme potential 2950:2958 arg1 enzyme 2974:2979 a potential supplementary enzyme 2948:2979 a potential supplementary enzyme for the enzymatic hydrolysis of OPEFB 2948:3017 Hence, A. niger CBHB was identified as a potential supplementary enzyme for the enzymatic hydrolysis of OPEFB. 29038760 7 85 theme kinetic 1016:1022 arg1 characteristics 1024:1038 its biochemical and kinetic characteristics 996:1038 its biochemical and kinetic characteristics 996:1038 The recombinant CBHB was purified and characterised to study its biochemical and kinetic characteristics. 29038760 8 86 theme oil 1212:1214 arg1 bunch 1233:1237 oil palm empty fruit bunch 1212:1237 oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) 1212:1245 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 8 86 theme oil 1212:1214 arg1 waste 1289:1293 the most abundant lignocellulosic waste 1255:1293 the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry 1255:1320 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 8 86 theme oil 1212:1214 arg1 OPEFB 1240:1244 OPEFB 1240:1244 OPEFB 1240:1244 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 8 86 theme oil 1212:1214 arg1 one 1248:1250 one 1248:1250 one 1248:1250 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 10 87 dep spectroscopy 1553:1564 arg1 ATR-FTIR 1567:1574 ATR-FTIR 1567:1574 ATR-FTIR 1567:1574 Hydrolysed OPEFB samples were analysed using attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) to screen for any compositional changes upon enzymatic treatment. 29038760 7 88 theme biochemical 1000:1010 arg1 characteristics 1024:1038 its biochemical and kinetic characteristics 996:1038 its biochemical and kinetic characteristics 996:1038 The recombinant CBHB was purified and characterised to study its biochemical and kinetic characteristics. 29038760 1 89 theme BACKGROUND 130:139 arg1 fungi 200:204 many other lignocellulolytic fungi 171:204 many other lignocellulolytic fungi 171:204 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 29038760 1 89 theme BACKGROUND 130:139 arg1 workhorse 244:252 a commercial workhorse 231:252 a commercial workhorse for cellulase production 231:277 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 29038760 1 89 theme BACKGROUND 130:139 arg1 niger 153:157 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger 130:157 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger 130:157 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 29038760 16 90 theme OPEFB 2797:2801 arg1 hydrolysis 2783:2792 hydrolysis 2783:2792 hydrolysis of OPEFB 2783:2801 CBHB supplements were desirable as they further increased hydrolysis of OPEFB when the performance of Cellic® CTec2 was theoretically capped at an enzyme loading of 34% in this study. 29038760 14 91 theme crystalline 2495:2505 arg1 Iα 2517:2518 crystalline cellulose Iα 2495:2518 crystalline cellulose Iα 2495:2518 Compositional analyses of the treated OPEFB samples revealed that CBHB supplementation reduced peak intensities of both crystalline cellulose Iα and Iβ in the treated OPEFB samples. 29038760 16 92 from loading 2879:2885 arg1 study 2902:2906 this study 2897:2906 this study 2897:2906 CBHB supplements were desirable as they further increased hydrolysis of OPEFB when the performance of Cellic® CTec2 was theoretically capped at an enzyme loading of 34% in this study. 29038760 13 93 dep substrates 2262:2271 arg1 increased 2331:2339 increased 2331:2339 increased saccharification of OPEFB by 27% 2331:2372 Characterisation of purified CBHB using MUC as the model substrate revealed that optimum catalysis occurred at 50 °C and pH 4 but the enzyme was stable between pH 3 to 10 and 30 to 80 °C. Although CBHB on its own was unable to digest crystalline substrates, supplementation of CBHB (0.37%) with Cellic® CTec2 (30%) increased saccharification of OPEFB by 27%. 29038760 8 94 theme lignocellulosic 1273:1287 arg1 waste 1289:1293 the most abundant lignocellulosic waste 1255:1293 the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry 1255:1320 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 15 95 theme other 2690:2694 arg1 components 2696:2705 other components 2690:2705 other components of Cellic® CTec2 2690:2722 DISCUSSION Since CBHB alone was inactive against crystalline cellulose, these data suggested that it might work synergistically with other components of Cellic® CTec2. 29038760 13 96 theme CBHB 2293:2296 arg1 supplementation 2274:2288 supplementation 2274:2288 supplementation of CBHB (0.37%) with Cellic® CTec2 (30%) 2274:2329 Characterisation of purified CBHB using MUC as the model substrate revealed that optimum catalysis occurred at 50 °C and pH 4 but the enzyme was stable between pH 3 to 10 and 30 to 80 °C. Although CBHB on its own was unable to digest crystalline substrates, supplementation of CBHB (0.37%) with Cellic® CTec2 (30%) increased saccharification of OPEFB by 27%. 29038760 16 97 from study 2902:2906 arg1 loading 2879:2885 an enzyme loading 2869:2885 an enzyme loading of 34% in this study 2869:2906 CBHB supplements were desirable as they further increased hydrolysis of OPEFB when the performance of Cellic® CTec2 was theoretically capped at an enzyme loading of 34% in this study. 29038760 16 98 theme enzyme 2872:2877 arg1 loading 2879:2885 an enzyme loading 2869:2885 an enzyme loading of 34% in this study 2869:2906 CBHB supplements were desirable as they further increased hydrolysis of OPEFB when the performance of Cellic® CTec2 was theoretically capped at an enzyme loading of 34% in this study. 29038760 11 99 gly hyperglycosylated 1692:1708 arg1 CBHB 1663:1666 RESULTS Recombinant CBHB 1643:1666 RESULTS Recombinant CBHB 1643:1666 RESULTS Recombinant CBHB was over-expressed as a hyperglycosylated protein attached to N-glycans. 29038760 11 99 gly hyperglycosylated 1692:1708 arg1 protein 1710:1716 a hyperglycosylated protein 1690:1716 a hyperglycosylated protein attached to N-glycans 1690:1738 RESULTS Recombinant CBHB was over-expressed as a hyperglycosylated protein attached to N-glycans. 29038760 0 100 theme palm 104:107 arg1 bunches 121:127 oil palm empty fruit bunches 100:127 oil palm empty fruit bunches 100:127 Cellobiohydrolase B of Aspergillus niger over-expressed in Pichia pastoris stimulates hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches. 29038760 13 101 with supplementation 2274:2288 arg1 CTec2 2319:2323 Cellic® CTec2 2311:2323 Cellic® CTec2 (30%) 2311:2329 Characterisation of purified CBHB using MUC as the model substrate revealed that optimum catalysis occurred at 50 °C and pH 4 but the enzyme was stable between pH 3 to 10 and 30 to 80 °C. Although CBHB on its own was unable to digest crystalline substrates, supplementation of CBHB (0.37%) with Cellic® CTec2 (30%) increased saccharification of OPEFB by 27%. 29038760 13 101 with supplementation 2274:2288 arg1 % 2328:2328 30% 2326:2328 30% 2326:2328 Characterisation of purified CBHB using MUC as the model substrate revealed that optimum catalysis occurred at 50 °C and pH 4 but the enzyme was stable between pH 3 to 10 and 30 to 80 °C. Although CBHB on its own was unable to digest crystalline substrates, supplementation of CBHB (0.37%) with Cellic® CTec2 (30%) increased saccharification of OPEFB by 27%. 29038760 5 102 theme niger 624:628 arg1 CBH 630:632 A. niger CBH 621:632 A. niger CBH 621:632 Hence, recombinant production of A. niger CBH is desirable to increase CBH production yield and also to allow biochemical characterisation of the recombinant CBH from A. niger. 29038760 8 103 theme palm 1304:1307 arg1 industry 1313:1320 the palm oil industry 1300:1320 the palm oil industry 1300:1320 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 0 104 theme fruit 115:119 arg1 bunches 121:127 oil palm empty fruit bunches 100:127 oil palm empty fruit bunches 100:127 Cellobiohydrolase B of Aspergillus niger over-expressed in Pichia pastoris stimulates hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches. 29038760 2 105 dep β-glucosidases 362:375 arg1 i.e. 356:359 i.e. 356:359 i.e. 356:359 A fungal cellulase system generally includes three major classes of enzymes i.e., β-glucosidases, endoglucanases and cellobiohydrolases. 29038760 8 106 theme CBHB 1070:1073 arg1 potential 1057:1065 the potential 1053:1065 the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion 1053:1105 To evaluate the potential of CBHB in assisting biomass conversion, CBHB was supplemented into a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2) and was used to hydrolyse oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), one of the most abundant lignocellulosic waste from the palm oil industry. 29038760 5 107 theme recombinant 595:605 arg1 production 607:616 recombinant production 595:616 recombinant production of A. niger CBH 595:632 Hence, recombinant production of A. niger CBH is desirable to increase CBH production yield and also to allow biochemical characterisation of the recombinant CBH from A. niger. 29038760 4 108 theme CBH 583:585 arg1 levels 573:578 low levels 569:578 low levels of CBH 569:585 However, A. niger naturally secretes low levels of CBH. 29038760 14 109 theme Iα 2517:2518 arg1 intensities 2475:2485 peak intensities 2470:2485 peak intensities of both crystalline cellulose Iα and Iβ 2470:2525 Compositional analyses of the treated OPEFB samples revealed that CBHB supplementation reduced peak intensities of both crystalline cellulose Iα and Iβ in the treated OPEFB samples. 29038760 17 110 theme A. 2916:2917 arg1 CBHB 2925:2928 A. niger CBHB 2916:2928 A. niger CBHB 2916:2928 Hence, A. niger CBHB was identified as a potential supplementary enzyme for the enzymatic hydrolysis of OPEFB. 29038760 17 110 theme A. 2916:2917 arg1 enzyme 2974:2979 a potential supplementary enzyme 2948:2979 a potential supplementary enzyme for the enzymatic hydrolysis of OPEFB 2948:3017 Hence, A. niger CBHB was identified as a potential supplementary enzyme for the enzymatic hydrolysis of OPEFB. 29038760 0 111 theme Aspergillus 23:33 arg1 niger 35:39 Aspergillus niger 23:39 Aspergillus niger 23:39 Cellobiohydrolase B of Aspergillus niger over-expressed in Pichia pastoris stimulates hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches. 29038760 13 112 theme crystalline 2250:2260 arg1 substrates 2262:2271 crystalline substrates 2250:2271 crystalline substrates 2250:2271 Characterisation of purified CBHB using MUC as the model substrate revealed that optimum catalysis occurred at 50 °C and pH 4 but the enzyme was stable between pH 3 to 10 and 30 to 80 °C. Although CBHB on its own was unable to digest crystalline substrates, supplementation of CBHB (0.37%) with Cellic® CTec2 (30%) increased saccharification of OPEFB by 27%. 29038760 10 113 theme OPEFB 1485:1489 arg1 samples 1491:1497 Hydrolysed OPEFB samples 1474:1497 Hydrolysed OPEFB samples 1474:1497 Hydrolysed OPEFB samples were analysed using attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) to screen for any compositional changes upon enzymatic treatment. 29038760 3 114 theme cellulose 486:494 arg1 degradation 459:469 the degradation 455:469 the degradation of crystalline cellulose present in lignocellulosic biomass 455:529 Cellobiohydrolases (CBH) are vital to the degradation of crystalline cellulose present in lignocellulosic biomass. 29038760 14 115 theme OPEFB 2542:2546 arg1 samples 2548:2554 the treated OPEFB samples 2530:2554 the treated OPEFB samples 2530:2554 Compositional analyses of the treated OPEFB samples revealed that CBHB supplementation reduced peak intensities of both crystalline cellulose Iα and Iβ in the treated OPEFB samples. 29038760 11 116 theme hyperglycosylated 1692:1708 arg1 CBHB 1663:1666 RESULTS Recombinant CBHB 1643:1666 RESULTS Recombinant CBHB 1643:1666 RESULTS Recombinant CBHB was over-expressed as a hyperglycosylated protein attached to N-glycans. 29038760 11 116 theme hyperglycosylated 1692:1708 arg1 protein 1710:1716 a hyperglycosylated protein 1690:1716 a hyperglycosylated protein attached to N-glycans 1690:1738 RESULTS Recombinant CBHB was over-expressed as a hyperglycosylated protein attached to N-glycans. 29038760 14 117 theme CBHB 2441:2444 arg1 supplementation 2446:2460 CBHB supplementation 2441:2460 CBHB supplementation 2441:2460 Compositional analyses of the treated OPEFB samples revealed that CBHB supplementation reduced peak intensities of both crystalline cellulose Iα and Iβ in the treated OPEFB samples. 29038760 0 118 theme Pichia 59:64 arg1 pastoris 66:73 Pichia pastoris 59:73 Pichia pastoris 59:73 Cellobiohydrolase B of Aspergillus niger over-expressed in Pichia pastoris stimulates hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches. 29038760 6 119 theme niger 843:847 arg1 ATCC 849:852 A. niger ATCC 10574 840:858 A. niger ATCC 10574 840:858 METHODS In this study, the gene encoding a cellobiohydrolase B (cbhB) from A. niger ATCC 10574 was cloned and expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris X-33. 29038760 14 120 theme cellulose 2507:2515 arg1 Iα 2517:2518 crystalline cellulose Iα 2495:2518 crystalline cellulose Iα 2495:2518 Compositional analyses of the treated OPEFB samples revealed that CBHB supplementation reduced peak intensities of both crystalline cellulose Iα and Iβ in the treated OPEFB samples. 29038760 13 121 theme optimum 2097:2103 arg1 catalysis 2105:2113 optimum catalysis 2097:2113 optimum catalysis 2097:2113 Characterisation of purified CBHB using MUC as the model substrate revealed that optimum catalysis occurred at 50 °C and pH 4 but the enzyme was stable between pH 3 to 10 and 30 to 80 °C. Although CBHB on its own was unable to digest crystalline substrates, supplementation of CBHB (0.37%) with Cellic® CTec2 (30%) increased saccharification of OPEFB by 27%. 29038760 14 122 theme Iβ 2524:2525 arg1 intensities 2475:2485 peak intensities 2470:2485 peak intensities of both crystalline cellulose Iα and Iβ 2470:2525 Compositional analyses of the treated OPEFB samples revealed that CBHB supplementation reduced peak intensities of both crystalline cellulose Iα and Iβ in the treated OPEFB samples. 29038760 13 123 from CBHB 2213:2216 arg1 own 2225:2227 own 2225:2227 own 2225:2227 Characterisation of purified CBHB using MUC as the model substrate revealed that optimum catalysis occurred at 50 °C and pH 4 but the enzyme was stable between pH 3 to 10 and 30 to 80 °C. Although CBHB on its own was unable to digest crystalline substrates, supplementation of CBHB (0.37%) with Cellic® CTec2 (30%) increased saccharification of OPEFB by 27%. 29038760 14 124 theme OPEFB 2413:2417 arg1 samples 2419:2425 the treated OPEFB samples 2401:2425 the treated OPEFB samples 2401:2425 Compositional analyses of the treated OPEFB samples revealed that CBHB supplementation reduced peak intensities of both crystalline cellulose Iα and Iβ in the treated OPEFB samples. 29038760 2 125 theme major 331:335 arg1 cellobiohydrolases 397:414 cellobiohydrolases 397:414 cellobiohydrolases 397:414 A fungal cellulase system generally includes three major classes of enzymes i.e., β-glucosidases, endoglucanases and cellobiohydrolases. 29038760 2 125 theme major 331:335 arg1 endoglucanases 378:391 endoglucanases 378:391 endoglucanases 378:391 A fungal cellulase system generally includes three major classes of enzymes i.e., β-glucosidases, endoglucanases and cellobiohydrolases. 29038760 2 125 theme major 331:335 arg1 classes 337:343 three major classes 325:343 three major classes 325:343 A fungal cellulase system generally includes three major classes of enzymes i.e., β-glucosidases, endoglucanases and cellobiohydrolases. 29038760 9 126 theme enzyme 1359:1364 arg1 loadings 1366:1373 enzyme loadings 1359:1373 enzyme loadings 1359:1373 To attain maximum saccharification, enzyme loadings were optimised by response surface methodology and the optimum point was validated experimentally. 29038760 1 127 used used 223:226 arg2 fungi 200:204 many other lignocellulolytic fungi 171:204 many other lignocellulolytic fungi 171:204 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 29038760 1 127 used used 223:226 arg2 niger 153:157 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger 130:157 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger 130:157 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 29038760 1 127 used used 223:226 arg2 workhorse 244:252 a commercial workhorse 231:252 a commercial workhorse for cellulase production 231:277 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 29038760 10 128 theme FTIR 1548:1551 arg1 spectroscopy 1553:1564 attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy 1519:1564 attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) 1519:1575 Hydrolysed OPEFB samples were analysed using attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) to screen for any compositional changes upon enzymatic treatment. 29038760 11 129 theme Recombinant 1651:1661 arg1 CBHB 1663:1666 RESULTS Recombinant CBHB 1643:1666 RESULTS Recombinant CBHB 1643:1666 RESULTS Recombinant CBHB was over-expressed as a hyperglycosylated protein attached to N-glycans. 29038760 11 129 theme Recombinant 1651:1661 arg1 protein 1710:1716 a hyperglycosylated protein 1690:1716 a hyperglycosylated protein attached to N-glycans 1690:1738 RESULTS Recombinant CBHB was over-expressed as a hyperglycosylated protein attached to N-glycans. 29038760 13 130 theme model 2067:2071 arg1 substrate 2073:2081 the model substrate 2063:2081 the model substrate 2063:2081 Characterisation of purified CBHB using MUC as the model substrate revealed that optimum catalysis occurred at 50 °C and pH 4 but the enzyme was stable between pH 3 to 10 and 30 to 80 °C. Although CBHB on its own was unable to digest crystalline substrates, supplementation of CBHB (0.37%) with Cellic® CTec2 (30%) increased saccharification of OPEFB by 27%. 29038760 13 130 theme model 2067:2071 arg1 MUC 2056:2058 MUC 2056:2058 MUC 2056:2058 Characterisation of purified CBHB using MUC as the model substrate revealed that optimum catalysis occurred at 50 °C and pH 4 but the enzyme was stable between pH 3 to 10 and 30 to 80 °C. Although CBHB on its own was unable to digest crystalline substrates, supplementation of CBHB (0.37%) with Cellic® CTec2 (30%) increased saccharification of OPEFB by 27%. 29038760 1 131 theme commercial 233:242 arg1 fungi 200:204 many other lignocellulolytic fungi 171:204 many other lignocellulolytic fungi 171:204 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 29038760 1 131 theme commercial 233:242 arg1 niger 153:157 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger 130:157 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger 130:157 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 29038760 1 131 theme commercial 233:242 arg1 workhorse 244:252 a commercial workhorse 231:252 a commercial workhorse for cellulase production 231:277 BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger, along with many other lignocellulolytic fungi, has been widely used as a commercial workhorse for cellulase production. 27221144 6 0 from jejuni 1055:1060 arg1 entry 1093:1097 its subsequent entry 1078:1097 its subsequent entry into the food chain 1078:1117 Analyses of the chicken gut communities revealed that the live vaccine did not alter the composition or complexity of the microbiome, thus representing an effective and low-cost strategy to reduce C. jejuni in chickens and its subsequent entry into the food chain. 27221144 6 0 from jejuni 1055:1060 arg1 chickens 1065:1072 chickens 1065:1072 chickens 1065:1072 Analyses of the chicken gut communities revealed that the live vaccine did not alter the composition or complexity of the microbiome, thus representing an effective and low-cost strategy to reduce C. jejuni in chickens and its subsequent entry into the food chain. 27221144 6 1 theme low-cost 1024:1031 arg1 strategy 1033:1040 an effective and low-cost strategy 1007:1040 an effective and low-cost strategy to reduce C. jejuni in chickens and its subsequent entry into the food chain 1007:1117 Analyses of the chicken gut communities revealed that the live vaccine did not alter the composition or complexity of the microbiome, thus representing an effective and low-cost strategy to reduce C. jejuni in chickens and its subsequent entry into the food chain. 27221144 4 2 with Vaccination 527:537 arg1 glycoconjugate 595:608 the protein-based or E. coli-displayed glycoconjugate 556:608 the protein-based or E. coli-displayed glycoconjugate 556:608 Vaccination of chickens with the protein-based or E. coli-displayed glycoconjugate showed up to 10-log reduction in C. jejuni colonization and induced N-glycan-specific IgY responses. 27221144 6 3 dep composition 944:954 arg1 the 940:942 the 940:942 the 940:942 Analyses of the chicken gut communities revealed that the live vaccine did not alter the composition or complexity of the microbiome, thus representing an effective and low-cost strategy to reduce C. jejuni in chickens and its subsequent entry into the food chain. 27221144 5 4 theme C. 767:768 arg1 challenge 777:785 C. jejuni challenge 767:785 C. jejuni challenge 767:785 Moreover, the live E. coli vaccine was cleared prior to C. jejuni challenge and no selection for resistant campylobacter variants was observed. 27221144 4 5 theme chickens 542:549 arg1 Vaccination 527:537 Vaccination 527:537 Vaccination of chickens with the protein-based or E. coli-displayed glycoconjugate 527:608 Vaccination of chickens with the protein-based or E. coli-displayed glycoconjugate showed up to 10-log reduction in C. jejuni colonization and induced N-glycan-specific IgY responses. 27221144 3 6 dep Escherichia 485:495 arg1 coli 497:500 coli 497:500 coli 497:500 We constructed glycoconjugate vaccines combining the conserved C. jejuni N-glycan with a protein carrier, GlycoTag, or fused to the Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-core. 27221144 4 7 from reduction 630:638 arg1 jejuni 646:651 C. jejuni 643:651 C. jejuni 643:651 Vaccination of chickens with the protein-based or E. coli-displayed glycoconjugate showed up to 10-log reduction in C. jejuni colonization and induced N-glycan-specific IgY responses. 27221144 2 8 theme Source-attribution 166:183 arg1 studies 185:191 Source-attribution studies 166:191 Source-attribution studies 166:191 Source-attribution studies indicate that chickens are the main reservoir for infection, thus elimination of C. jejuni from poultry would significantly reduce the burden of human disease. 27221144 2 9 theme human 338:342 arg1 disease 344:350 human disease 338:350 human disease 338:350 Source-attribution studies indicate that chickens are the main reservoir for infection, thus elimination of C. jejuni from poultry would significantly reduce the burden of human disease. 27221144 5 10 theme resistant 808:816 arg1 variants 832:839 resistant campylobacter variants 808:839 resistant campylobacter variants 808:839 Moreover, the live E. coli vaccine was cleared prior to C. jejuni challenge and no selection for resistant campylobacter variants was observed. 27221144 5 11 dep E. 730:731 arg1 coli 733:736 coli 733:736 coli 733:736 Moreover, the live E. coli vaccine was cleared prior to C. jejuni challenge and no selection for resistant campylobacter variants was observed. 27221144 3 12 theme glycoconjugate 368:381 arg1 vaccines 383:390 glycoconjugate vaccines 368:390 glycoconjugate vaccines combining the conserved C. jejuni N-glycan with a protein carrier, GlycoTag, or fused to the Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-core 368:524 We constructed glycoconjugate vaccines combining the conserved C. jejuni N-glycan with a protein carrier, GlycoTag, or fused to the Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-core. 27221144 4 13 theme C. 643:644 arg1 jejuni 646:651 C. jejuni 643:651 C. jejuni 643:651 Vaccination of chickens with the protein-based or E. coli-displayed glycoconjugate showed up to 10-log reduction in C. jejuni colonization and induced N-glycan-specific IgY responses. 27221144 6 14 theme food 1108:1111 arg1 chain 1113:1117 the food chain 1104:1117 the food chain 1104:1117 Analyses of the chicken gut communities revealed that the live vaccine did not alter the composition or complexity of the microbiome, thus representing an effective and low-cost strategy to reduce C. jejuni in chickens and its subsequent entry into the food chain. 27221144 3 15 theme C. 416:417 arg1 jejuni 419:424 C. jejuni 416:424 the conserved C. jejuni N-glycan 402:433 We constructed glycoconjugate vaccines combining the conserved C. jejuni N-glycan with a protein carrier, GlycoTag, or fused to the Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-core. 27221144 4 16 dep coli-displayed 580:593 arg1 E. 577:578 E. 577:578 E. 577:578 Vaccination of chickens with the protein-based or E. coli-displayed glycoconjugate showed up to 10-log reduction in C. jejuni colonization and induced N-glycan-specific IgY responses. 27221144 1 17 theme Campylobacter 86:98 arg1 jejuni 100:105 Campylobacter jejuni 86:105 Campylobacter jejuni 86:105 Campylobacter jejuni is a predominant cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. 27221144 1 17 theme Campylobacter 86:98 arg1 cause 124:128 a predominant cause 110:128 a predominant cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide 110:163 Campylobacter jejuni is a predominant cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. 27221144 3 18 theme jejuni 419:424 arg1 N-glycan 426:433 the conserved C. jejuni N-glycan 402:433 the conserved C. jejuni N-glycan 402:433 We constructed glycoconjugate vaccines combining the conserved C. jejuni N-glycan with a protein carrier, GlycoTag, or fused to the Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-core. 27221144 4 19 theme coli-displayed 580:593 arg1 glycoconjugate 595:608 the protein-based or E. coli-displayed glycoconjugate 556:608 the protein-based or E. coli-displayed glycoconjugate 556:608 Vaccination of chickens with the protein-based or E. coli-displayed glycoconjugate showed up to 10-log reduction in C. jejuni colonization and induced N-glycan-specific IgY responses. 27221144 4 20 theme N-glycan-specific 678:694 arg1 responses 700:708 N-glycan-specific IgY responses 678:708 N-glycan-specific IgY responses 678:708 Vaccination of chickens with the protein-based or E. coli-displayed glycoconjugate showed up to 10-log reduction in C. jejuni colonization and induced N-glycan-specific IgY responses. 27221144 3 21 theme conserved 406:414 arg1 N-glycan 426:433 the conserved C. jejuni N-glycan 402:433 the conserved C. jejuni N-glycan 402:433 We constructed glycoconjugate vaccines combining the conserved C. jejuni N-glycan with a protein carrier, GlycoTag, or fused to the Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-core. 27221144 6 22 theme subsequent 1082:1091 arg1 entry 1093:1097 its subsequent entry 1078:1097 its subsequent entry into the food chain 1078:1117 Analyses of the chicken gut communities revealed that the live vaccine did not alter the composition or complexity of the microbiome, thus representing an effective and low-cost strategy to reduce C. jejuni in chickens and its subsequent entry into the food chain. 27221144 5 23 theme campylobacter 818:830 arg1 variants 832:839 resistant campylobacter variants 808:839 resistant campylobacter variants 808:839 Moreover, the live E. coli vaccine was cleared prior to C. jejuni challenge and no selection for resistant campylobacter variants was observed. 27221144 6 24 theme live 913:916 arg1 vaccine 918:924 the live vaccine 909:924 the live vaccine 909:924 Analyses of the chicken gut communities revealed that the live vaccine did not alter the composition or complexity of the microbiome, thus representing an effective and low-cost strategy to reduce C. jejuni in chickens and its subsequent entry into the food chain. 27221144 3 25 theme protein 442:448 arg1 GlycoTag 459:466 GlycoTag 459:466 GlycoTag 459:466 We constructed glycoconjugate vaccines combining the conserved C. jejuni N-glycan with a protein carrier, GlycoTag, or fused to the Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-core. 27221144 3 25 theme protein 442:448 arg1 carrier 450:456 a protein carrier 440:456 a protein carrier 440:456 We constructed glycoconjugate vaccines combining the conserved C. jejuni N-glycan with a protein carrier, GlycoTag, or fused to the Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-core. 27221144 4 26 theme protein-based 560:572 arg1 glycoconjugate 595:608 the protein-based or E. coli-displayed glycoconjugate 556:608 the protein-based or E. coli-displayed glycoconjugate 556:608 Vaccination of chickens with the protein-based or E. coli-displayed glycoconjugate showed up to 10-log reduction in C. jejuni colonization and induced N-glycan-specific IgY responses. 27221144 4 27 dep 10-log 623:628 arg1 to 620:621 to 620:621 to 620:621 Vaccination of chickens with the protein-based or E. coli-displayed glycoconjugate showed up to 10-log reduction in C. jejuni colonization and induced N-glycan-specific IgY responses. 27221144 6 28 theme C. 1052:1053 arg1 jejuni 1055:1060 C. jejuni 1052:1060 C. jejuni in chickens and its subsequent entry into the food chain 1052:1117 Analyses of the chicken gut communities revealed that the live vaccine did not alter the composition or complexity of the microbiome, thus representing an effective and low-cost strategy to reduce C. jejuni in chickens and its subsequent entry into the food chain. 27221144 4 29 theme IgY 696:698 arg1 responses 700:708 N-glycan-specific IgY responses 678:708 N-glycan-specific IgY responses 678:708 Vaccination of chickens with the protein-based or E. coli-displayed glycoconjugate showed up to 10-log reduction in C. jejuni colonization and induced N-glycan-specific IgY responses. 27221144 5 30 theme live 725:728 arg1 vaccine 738:744 the live E. coli vaccine 721:744 the live E. coli vaccine 721:744 Moreover, the live E. coli vaccine was cleared prior to C. jejuni challenge and no selection for resistant campylobacter variants was observed. 27221144 6 31 theme effective 1010:1018 arg1 strategy 1033:1040 an effective and low-cost strategy 1007:1040 an effective and low-cost strategy to reduce C. jejuni in chickens and its subsequent entry into the food chain 1007:1117 Analyses of the chicken gut communities revealed that the live vaccine did not alter the composition or complexity of the microbiome, thus representing an effective and low-cost strategy to reduce C. jejuni in chickens and its subsequent entry into the food chain. 27221144 1 32 theme predominant 112:122 arg1 jejuni 100:105 Campylobacter jejuni 86:105 Campylobacter jejuni 86:105 Campylobacter jejuni is a predominant cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. 27221144 1 32 theme predominant 112:122 arg1 cause 124:128 a predominant cause 110:128 a predominant cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide 110:163 Campylobacter jejuni is a predominant cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. 27221144 6 33 theme microbiome 977:986 arg1 complexity 959:968 complexity 959:968 complexity 959:968 Analyses of the chicken gut communities revealed that the live vaccine did not alter the composition or complexity of the microbiome, thus representing an effective and low-cost strategy to reduce C. jejuni in chickens and its subsequent entry into the food chain. 27221144 6 33 theme microbiome 977:986 arg1 composition 944:954 composition 944:954 composition 944:954 Analyses of the chicken gut communities revealed that the live vaccine did not alter the composition or complexity of the microbiome, thus representing an effective and low-cost strategy to reduce C. jejuni in chickens and its subsequent entry into the food chain. 27221144 5 34 theme E. 730:731 arg1 vaccine 738:744 the live E. coli vaccine 721:744 the live E. coli vaccine 721:744 Moreover, the live E. coli vaccine was cleared prior to C. jejuni challenge and no selection for resistant campylobacter variants was observed. 27221144 6 35 theme communities 883:893 arg1 Analyses 855:862 Analyses 855:862 Analyses of the chicken gut communities 855:893 Analyses of the chicken gut communities revealed that the live vaccine did not alter the composition or complexity of the microbiome, thus representing an effective and low-cost strategy to reduce C. jejuni in chickens and its subsequent entry into the food chain. 27221144 2 36 from poultry 289:295 arg1 elimination 259:269 elimination 259:269 elimination of C. jejuni from poultry 259:295 Source-attribution studies indicate that chickens are the main reservoir for infection, thus elimination of C. jejuni from poultry would significantly reduce the burden of human disease. 27221144 2 37 theme main 224:227 arg1 chickens 207:214 chickens 207:214 chickens 207:214 Source-attribution studies indicate that chickens are the main reservoir for infection, thus elimination of C. jejuni from poultry would significantly reduce the burden of human disease. 27221144 2 37 theme main 224:227 arg1 reservoir 229:237 the main reservoir 220:237 the main reservoir for infection 220:251 Source-attribution studies indicate that chickens are the main reservoir for infection, thus elimination of C. jejuni from poultry would significantly reduce the burden of human disease. 27221144 2 38 theme jejuni 277:282 arg1 elimination 259:269 elimination 259:269 elimination of C. jejuni from poultry 259:295 Source-attribution studies indicate that chickens are the main reservoir for infection, thus elimination of C. jejuni from poultry would significantly reduce the burden of human disease. 27221144 2 39 theme disease 344:350 arg1 burden 328:333 the burden 324:333 the burden of human disease 324:350 Source-attribution studies indicate that chickens are the main reservoir for infection, thus elimination of C. jejuni from poultry would significantly reduce the burden of human disease. 27221144 6 40 theme gut 879:881 arg1 communities 883:893 the chicken gut communities 867:893 the chicken gut communities 867:893 Analyses of the chicken gut communities revealed that the live vaccine did not alter the composition or complexity of the microbiome, thus representing an effective and low-cost strategy to reduce C. jejuni in chickens and its subsequent entry into the food chain. 27221144 2 41 theme C. 274:275 arg1 jejuni 277:282 C. jejuni 274:282 C. jejuni 274:282 Source-attribution studies indicate that chickens are the main reservoir for infection, thus elimination of C. jejuni from poultry would significantly reduce the burden of human disease. 27221144 1 42 theme human 133:137 arg1 worldwide 155:163 human gastroenteritis worldwide 133:163 human gastroenteritis worldwide 133:163 Campylobacter jejuni is a predominant cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. 27221144 3 43 theme Escherichia 485:495 arg1 lipopolysaccharide-core 502:524 the Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-core 481:524 the Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-core 481:524 We constructed glycoconjugate vaccines combining the conserved C. jejuni N-glycan with a protein carrier, GlycoTag, or fused to the Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-core. 27221144 0 44 theme chicken 69:75 arg1 vaccine 77:83 an effective chicken vaccine 56:83 an effective chicken vaccine 56:83 Engineering the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan to create an effective chicken vaccine. 27221144 6 45 theme chicken 871:877 arg1 communities 883:893 the chicken gut communities 867:893 the chicken gut communities 867:893 Analyses of the chicken gut communities revealed that the live vaccine did not alter the composition or complexity of the microbiome, thus representing an effective and low-cost strategy to reduce C. jejuni in chickens and its subsequent entry into the food chain. 27221144 1 46 theme gastroenteritis 139:153 arg1 worldwide 155:163 human gastroenteritis worldwide 133:163 human gastroenteritis worldwide 133:163 Campylobacter jejuni is a predominant cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. 27221144 0 47 theme effective 59:67 arg1 vaccine 77:83 an effective chicken vaccine 56:83 an effective chicken vaccine 56:83 Engineering the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan to create an effective chicken vaccine. 27221144 0 48 theme Campylobacter 16:28 arg1 jejuni 30:35 the Campylobacter jejuni 12:35 the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan 12:44 Engineering the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan to create an effective chicken vaccine. 27221144 0 48 theme Campylobacter 16:28 arg1 N-glycan 37:44 N-glycan 37:44 N-glycan 37:44 Engineering the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan to create an effective chicken vaccine. 27221144 1 49 theme worldwide 155:163 arg1 jejuni 100:105 Campylobacter jejuni 86:105 Campylobacter jejuni 86:105 Campylobacter jejuni is a predominant cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. 27221144 1 49 theme worldwide 155:163 arg1 cause 124:128 a predominant cause 110:128 a predominant cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide 110:163 Campylobacter jejuni is a predominant cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. 27221144 5 50 theme jejuni 770:775 arg1 challenge 777:785 C. jejuni challenge 767:785 C. jejuni challenge 767:785 Moreover, the live E. coli vaccine was cleared prior to C. jejuni challenge and no selection for resistant campylobacter variants was observed. 28245338 9 0 theme gut 1197:1199 arg1 microbiota 1201:1210 gut microbiota 1197:1210 gut microbiota 1197:1210 In addition, BS extract also altered the composition of gut microbiota by enhancing the proportion of Clostridiales and reducing the percentage of Bacteroidales. 28245338 10 1 theme inflammative 1369:1380 arg1 synthase 1421:1428 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1398:1428 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1398:1428 CONCLUSION In summary, BS extract decreased the protein levels of inflammative enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in colonic mucosa. 28245338 10 1 theme inflammative 1369:1380 arg1 cyclooxygenase-2 1434:1449 cyclooxygenase-2 1434:1449 cyclooxygenase-2 1434:1449 CONCLUSION In summary, BS extract decreased the protein levels of inflammative enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in colonic mucosa. 28245338 10 1 theme inflammative 1369:1380 arg1 enzymes 1382:1388 inflammative enzymes 1369:1388 inflammative enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in colonic mucosa 1369:1467 CONCLUSION In summary, BS extract decreased the protein levels of inflammative enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in colonic mucosa. 28245338 11 2 theme gut 1556:1558 arg1 microbiota 1560:1569 gut microbiota 1556:1569 gut microbiota 1556:1569 It also mediated Akt/GSK3β/cyclin D1 signaling pathway and altered the composition of gut microbiota to alleviate tumor growth. 28245338 2 3 theme microbiota 313:322 arg1 impact 299:304 its impact 295:304 its impact of gut microbiota 295:322 In this study, we investigated the chemopreventive effects of dietary BS extract and its impact of gut microbiota on azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer in mice. 28245338 2 3 theme microbiota 313:322 arg1 effects 261:267 the chemopreventive effects 241:267 the chemopreventive effects of dietary BS extract 241:289 In this study, we investigated the chemopreventive effects of dietary BS extract and its impact of gut microbiota on azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer in mice. 28245338 10 4 dep CONCLUSION 1303:1312 arg1 summary 1317:1323 summary 1317:1323 summary 1317:1323 CONCLUSION In summary, BS extract decreased the protein levels of inflammative enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in colonic mucosa. 28245338 5 5 theme effective 614:622 arg1 components 624:633 The main effective components 605:633 The main effective components of BS supercritical CO2 extraction 605:668 The main effective components of BS supercritical CO2 extraction were analyzed by LC-MS/MS are boswellic acids. 28245338 9 6 theme microbiota 1201:1210 arg1 composition 1182:1192 the composition 1178:1192 the composition of gut microbiota 1178:1210 In addition, BS extract also altered the composition of gut microbiota by enhancing the proportion of Clostridiales and reducing the percentage of Bacteroidales. 28245338 8 7 theme BS 969:970 arg1 extract 972:978 BS extract 969:978 BS extract 969:978 Furthermore, BS extract reduced cell proliferation via inhibiting phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and downregulation of cyclin D1. 28245338 2 8 theme gut 309:311 arg1 microbiota 313:322 gut microbiota 309:322 gut microbiota 309:322 In this study, we investigated the chemopreventive effects of dietary BS extract and its impact of gut microbiota on azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer in mice. 28245338 10 9 theme oxide 1415:1419 arg1 synthase 1421:1428 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1398:1428 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1398:1428 CONCLUSION In summary, BS extract decreased the protein levels of inflammative enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in colonic mucosa. 28245338 10 10 from cyclooxygenase-2 1434:1449 arg1 mucosa 1462:1467 colonic mucosa 1454:1467 colonic mucosa 1454:1467 CONCLUSION In summary, BS extract decreased the protein levels of inflammative enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in colonic mucosa. 28245338 5 11 theme BS 638:639 arg1 components 624:633 The main effective components 605:633 The main effective components of BS supercritical CO2 extraction 605:668 The main effective components of BS supercritical CO2 extraction were analyzed by LC-MS/MS are boswellic acids. 28245338 11 12 theme tumor 1584:1588 arg1 growth 1590:1595 tumor growth 1584:1595 tumor growth 1584:1595 It also mediated Akt/GSK3β/cyclin D1 signaling pathway and altered the composition of gut microbiota to alleviate tumor growth. 28245338 8 13 theme cell 988:991 arg1 proliferation 993:1005 cell proliferation 988:1005 cell proliferation 988:1005 Furthermore, BS extract reduced cell proliferation via inhibiting phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and downregulation of cyclin D1. 28245338 12 14 theme colon 1682:1686 arg1 tumorigenesis 1688:1700 colon tumorigenesis 1682:1700 colon tumorigenesis 1682:1700 Taken together, this study suggests that BS extract has great potential to suppress colon tumorigenesis. 28245338 5 15 theme supercritical 641:653 arg1 extraction 659:668 supercritical CO2 extraction 641:668 BS supercritical CO2 extraction 638:668 The main effective components of BS supercritical CO2 extraction were analyzed by LC-MS/MS are boswellic acids. 28245338 10 16 theme protein 1351:1357 arg1 levels 1359:1364 the protein levels 1347:1364 the protein levels of inflammative enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in colonic mucosa 1347:1467 CONCLUSION In summary, BS extract decreased the protein levels of inflammative enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in colonic mucosa. 28245338 2 17 theme chemopreventive 245:259 arg1 effects 261:267 the chemopreventive effects 241:267 the chemopreventive effects of dietary BS extract 241:289 In this study, we investigated the chemopreventive effects of dietary BS extract and its impact of gut microbiota on azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer in mice. 28245338 0 18 theme -induced 90:97 arg1 tumorigenesis 105:117 azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colon tumorigenesis 43:117 azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colon tumorigenesis 43:117 Boswellia serrata resin extract alleviates azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colon tumorigenesis. 28245338 10 19 theme inducible 1398:1406 arg1 synthase 1421:1428 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1398:1428 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1398:1428 CONCLUSION In summary, BS extract decreased the protein levels of inflammative enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in colonic mucosa. 28245338 2 20 theme colitis-associated 381:398 arg1 cancer 406:411 azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer 327:411 azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer 327:411 In this study, we investigated the chemopreventive effects of dietary BS extract and its impact of gut microbiota on azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer in mice. 28245338 3 21 theme % 484:484 arg1 DSS 486:488 2% DSS 483:488 2% DSS 483:488 METHODS AND RESULTS Male ICR mice were injected with AOM and 2% DSS via drinking water. 28245338 3 22 theme RESULTS 434:440 arg1 mice 451:454 METHODS AND RESULTS Male ICR mice 422:454 METHODS AND RESULTS Male ICR mice 422:454 METHODS AND RESULTS Male ICR mice were injected with AOM and 2% DSS via drinking water. 28245338 7 23 theme BS 868:869 arg1 extract 871:877 dietary BS extract 860:877 dietary BS extract 860:877 Western blot and histological analysis revealed that dietary BS extract could markedly reduce the inflammation associated protein levels expression. 28245338 5 24 theme CO2 655:657 arg1 extraction 659:668 supercritical CO2 extraction 641:668 BS supercritical CO2 extraction 638:668 The main effective components of BS supercritical CO2 extraction were analyzed by LC-MS/MS are boswellic acids. 28245338 0 25 theme serrata 10:16 arg1 extract 24:30 Boswellia serrata resin extract 0:30 Boswellia serrata resin extract 0:30 Boswellia serrata resin extract alleviates azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colon tumorigenesis. 28245338 3 26 theme 2 483:483 arg1 % 484:484 % 484:484 % 484:484 METHODS AND RESULTS Male ICR mice were injected with AOM and 2% DSS via drinking water. 28245338 8 27 theme phosphorylation 1022:1036 arg1 level 1038:1042 phosphorylation level 1022:1042 phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), 1022:1106 Furthermore, BS extract reduced cell proliferation via inhibiting phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and downregulation of cyclin D1. 28245338 2 28 theme extract 283:289 arg1 impact 299:304 its impact 295:304 its impact of gut microbiota 295:322 In this study, we investigated the chemopreventive effects of dietary BS extract and its impact of gut microbiota on azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer in mice. 28245338 2 28 theme extract 283:289 arg1 effects 261:267 the chemopreventive effects 241:267 the chemopreventive effects of dietary BS extract 241:289 In this study, we investigated the chemopreventive effects of dietary BS extract and its impact of gut microbiota on azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer in mice. 28245338 10 29 theme colonic 1454:1460 arg1 mucosa 1462:1467 colonic mucosa 1454:1467 colonic mucosa 1454:1467 CONCLUSION In summary, BS extract decreased the protein levels of inflammative enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in colonic mucosa. 28245338 4 30 theme colonic 562:568 arg1 tissue 570:575 colonic tissue 562:575 colonic tissue 562:575 The mice were fed with 0.25 or 0.5% BS extract, and colonic tissue were collected at 15 weeks. 28245338 0 31 theme Boswellia 0:8 arg1 extract 24:30 Boswellia serrata resin extract 0:30 Boswellia serrata resin extract 0:30 Boswellia serrata resin extract alleviates azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colon tumorigenesis. 28245338 9 32 theme Clostridiales 1243:1255 arg1 proportion 1229:1238 the proportion 1225:1238 the proportion of Clostridiales 1225:1255 In addition, BS extract also altered the composition of gut microbiota by enhancing the proportion of Clostridiales and reducing the percentage of Bacteroidales. 28245338 10 33 theme enzymes 1382:1388 arg1 levels 1359:1364 the protein levels 1347:1364 the protein levels of inflammative enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in colonic mucosa 1347:1467 CONCLUSION In summary, BS extract decreased the protein levels of inflammative enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in colonic mucosa. 28245338 11 34 theme Akt/GSK3β/cyclin 1487:1502 arg1 pathway 1517:1523 Akt/GSK3β/cyclin D1 signaling pathway 1487:1523 Akt/GSK3β/cyclin D1 signaling pathway 1487:1523 It also mediated Akt/GSK3β/cyclin D1 signaling pathway and altered the composition of gut microbiota to alleviate tumor growth. 28245338 2 35 theme BS 280:281 arg1 extract 283:289 dietary BS extract 272:289 dietary BS extract 272:289 In this study, we investigated the chemopreventive effects of dietary BS extract and its impact of gut microbiota on azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer in mice. 28245338 6 36 theme colonic 782:788 arg1 formation 796:804 the colonic tumor formation 778:804 the colonic tumor formation 778:804 We found that treatment with BS extract significantly reduce the colonic tumor formation. 28245338 6 37 with treatment 731:739 arg1 extract 749:755 BS extract 746:755 BS extract 746:755 We found that treatment with BS extract significantly reduce the colonic tumor formation. 28245338 5 38 theme main 609:612 arg1 components 624:633 The main effective components 605:633 The main effective components of BS supercritical CO2 extraction 605:668 The main effective components of BS supercritical CO2 extraction were analyzed by LC-MS/MS are boswellic acids. 28245338 2 39 from impact 299:304 arg1 mice 416:419 mice 416:419 mice 416:419 In this study, we investigated the chemopreventive effects of dietary BS extract and its impact of gut microbiota on azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer in mice. 28245338 2 39 from impact 299:304 arg1 cancer 406:411 azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer 327:411 azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer 327:411 In this study, we investigated the chemopreventive effects of dietary BS extract and its impact of gut microbiota on azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer in mice. 28245338 2 40 theme dietary 272:278 arg1 extract 283:289 dietary BS extract 272:289 dietary BS extract 272:289 In this study, we investigated the chemopreventive effects of dietary BS extract and its impact of gut microbiota on azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer in mice. 28245338 7 41 dep associated 918:927 arg1 protein 929:935 protein 929:935 protein 929:935 Western blot and histological analysis revealed that dietary BS extract could markedly reduce the inflammation associated protein levels expression. 28245338 7 41 dep associated 918:927 arg1 inflammation 905:916 the inflammation 901:916 the inflammation associated protein levels expression 901:953 Western blot and histological analysis revealed that dietary BS extract could markedly reduce the inflammation associated protein levels expression. 28245338 7 41 dep associated 918:927 arg1 levels 937:942 levels 937:942 levels 937:942 Western blot and histological analysis revealed that dietary BS extract could markedly reduce the inflammation associated protein levels expression. 28245338 2 42 theme colon 400:404 arg1 cancer 406:411 azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer 327:411 azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer 327:411 In this study, we investigated the chemopreventive effects of dietary BS extract and its impact of gut microbiota on azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer in mice. 28245338 0 43 theme resin 18:22 arg1 extract 24:30 Boswellia serrata resin extract 0:30 Boswellia serrata resin extract 0:30 Boswellia serrata resin extract alleviates azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colon tumorigenesis. 28245338 12 44 theme BS 1639:1640 arg1 extract 1642:1648 BS extract 1639:1648 BS extract 1639:1648 Taken together, this study suggests that BS extract has great potential to suppress colon tumorigenesis. 28245338 0 45 theme colon 99:103 arg1 tumorigenesis 105:117 azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colon tumorigenesis 43:117 azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colon tumorigenesis 43:117 Boswellia serrata resin extract alleviates azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colon tumorigenesis. 28245338 6 46 theme tumor 790:794 arg1 formation 796:804 the colonic tumor formation 778:804 the colonic tumor formation 778:804 We found that treatment with BS extract significantly reduce the colonic tumor formation. 28245338 1 47 theme BS 145:146 arg1 supplement 176:185 a popular dietary supplement 158:185 a popular dietary supplement for joint nourishment 158:207 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin is a popular dietary supplement for joint nourishment. 28245338 1 47 theme BS 145:146 arg1 resin 149:153 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin 120:153 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin 120:153 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin is a popular dietary supplement for joint nourishment. 28245338 1 48 theme dietary 168:174 arg1 supplement 176:185 a popular dietary supplement 158:185 a popular dietary supplement for joint nourishment 158:207 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin is a popular dietary supplement for joint nourishment. 28245338 1 48 theme dietary 168:174 arg1 resin 149:153 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin 120:153 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin 120:153 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin is a popular dietary supplement for joint nourishment. 28245338 8 49 theme D1 1137:1138 arg1 downregulation 1112:1125 downregulation 1112:1125 downregulation of cyclin D1 1112:1138 Furthermore, BS extract reduced cell proliferation via inhibiting phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and downregulation of cyclin D1. 28245338 8 49 theme D1 1137:1138 arg1 level 1038:1042 phosphorylation level 1022:1042 phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), 1022:1106 Furthermore, BS extract reduced cell proliferation via inhibiting phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and downregulation of cyclin D1. 28245338 5 50 dep LC-MS/MS 687:694 arg1 acids 710:714 boswellic acids 700:714 boswellic acids 700:714 The main effective components of BS supercritical CO2 extraction were analyzed by LC-MS/MS are boswellic acids. 28245338 8 51 theme kinase 1055:1060 arg1 kinase 1089:1094 glycogen synthase kinase 3β 1071:1097 glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) 1071:1105 Furthermore, BS extract reduced cell proliferation via inhibiting phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and downregulation of cyclin D1. 28245338 8 51 theme kinase 1055:1060 arg1 Akt 1065:1067 Akt 1065:1067 Akt 1065:1067 Furthermore, BS extract reduced cell proliferation via inhibiting phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and downregulation of cyclin D1. 28245338 8 51 theme kinase 1055:1060 arg1 B 1062:1062 protein kinase B 1047:1062 protein kinase B (Akt) 1047:1068 Furthermore, BS extract reduced cell proliferation via inhibiting phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and downregulation of cyclin D1. 28245338 3 52 theme METHODS 422:428 arg1 mice 451:454 METHODS AND RESULTS Male ICR mice 422:454 METHODS AND RESULTS Male ICR mice 422:454 METHODS AND RESULTS Male ICR mice were injected with AOM and 2% DSS via drinking water. 28245338 12 53 theme great 1654:1658 arg1 potential 1660:1668 great potential 1654:1668 great potential 1654:1668 Taken together, this study suggests that BS extract has great potential to suppress colon tumorigenesis. 28245338 2 54 theme -induced 372:379 arg1 cancer 406:411 azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer 327:411 azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer 327:411 In this study, we investigated the chemopreventive effects of dietary BS extract and its impact of gut microbiota on azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer in mice. 28245338 5 55 theme boswellic 700:708 arg1 acids 710:714 boswellic acids 700:714 boswellic acids 700:714 The main effective components of BS supercritical CO2 extraction were analyzed by LC-MS/MS are boswellic acids. 28245338 8 56 theme protein 1047:1053 arg1 kinase 1089:1094 glycogen synthase kinase 3β 1071:1097 glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) 1071:1105 Furthermore, BS extract reduced cell proliferation via inhibiting phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and downregulation of cyclin D1. 28245338 8 56 theme protein 1047:1053 arg1 Akt 1065:1067 Akt 1065:1067 Akt 1065:1067 Furthermore, BS extract reduced cell proliferation via inhibiting phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and downregulation of cyclin D1. 28245338 8 56 theme protein 1047:1053 arg1 B 1062:1062 protein kinase B 1047:1062 protein kinase B (Akt) 1047:1068 Furthermore, BS extract reduced cell proliferation via inhibiting phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and downregulation of cyclin D1. 28245338 8 57 theme synthase 1080:1087 arg1 kinase 1089:1094 glycogen synthase kinase 3β 1071:1097 glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) 1071:1105 Furthermore, BS extract reduced cell proliferation via inhibiting phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and downregulation of cyclin D1. 28245338 8 57 theme synthase 1080:1087 arg1 GSK3β 1100:1104 GSK3β 1100:1104 GSK3β 1100:1104 Furthermore, BS extract reduced cell proliferation via inhibiting phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and downregulation of cyclin D1. 28245338 8 57 theme synthase 1080:1087 arg1 B 1062:1062 protein kinase B 1047:1062 protein kinase B (Akt) 1047:1068 Furthermore, BS extract reduced cell proliferation via inhibiting phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and downregulation of cyclin D1. 28245338 8 58 theme cyclin 1130:1135 arg1 D1 1137:1138 cyclin D1 1130:1138 cyclin D1 1130:1138 Furthermore, BS extract reduced cell proliferation via inhibiting phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and downregulation of cyclin D1. 28245338 3 59 theme Male 442:445 arg1 mice 451:454 METHODS AND RESULTS Male ICR mice 422:454 METHODS AND RESULTS Male ICR mice 422:454 METHODS AND RESULTS Male ICR mice were injected with AOM and 2% DSS via drinking water. 28245338 10 60 theme nitric 1408:1413 arg1 synthase 1421:1428 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1398:1428 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1398:1428 CONCLUSION In summary, BS extract decreased the protein levels of inflammative enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in colonic mucosa. 28245338 9 61 theme Bacteroidales 1288:1300 arg1 percentage 1274:1283 the percentage 1270:1283 the percentage of Bacteroidales 1270:1300 In addition, BS extract also altered the composition of gut microbiota by enhancing the proportion of Clostridiales and reducing the percentage of Bacteroidales. 28245338 8 62 theme B 1062:1062 arg1 downregulation 1112:1125 downregulation 1112:1125 downregulation of cyclin D1 1112:1138 Furthermore, BS extract reduced cell proliferation via inhibiting phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and downregulation of cyclin D1. 28245338 8 62 theme B 1062:1062 arg1 level 1038:1042 phosphorylation level 1022:1042 phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), 1022:1106 Furthermore, BS extract reduced cell proliferation via inhibiting phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and downregulation of cyclin D1. 28245338 9 63 theme BS 1154:1155 arg1 extract 1157:1163 BS extract 1154:1163 BS extract 1154:1163 In addition, BS extract also altered the composition of gut microbiota by enhancing the proportion of Clostridiales and reducing the percentage of Bacteroidales. 28245338 7 64 theme dietary 860:866 arg1 extract 871:877 dietary BS extract 860:877 dietary BS extract 860:877 Western blot and histological analysis revealed that dietary BS extract could markedly reduce the inflammation associated protein levels expression. 28245338 5 65 dep BS 638:639 arg1 extraction 659:668 supercritical CO2 extraction 641:668 BS supercritical CO2 extraction 638:668 The main effective components of BS supercritical CO2 extraction were analyzed by LC-MS/MS are boswellic acids. 28245338 11 66 theme signaling 1507:1515 arg1 pathway 1517:1523 Akt/GSK3β/cyclin D1 signaling pathway 1487:1523 Akt/GSK3β/cyclin D1 signaling pathway 1487:1523 It also mediated Akt/GSK3β/cyclin D1 signaling pathway and altered the composition of gut microbiota to alleviate tumor growth. 28245338 3 67 theme ICR 447:449 arg1 mice 451:454 METHODS AND RESULTS Male ICR mice 422:454 METHODS AND RESULTS Male ICR mice 422:454 METHODS AND RESULTS Male ICR mice were injected with AOM and 2% DSS via drinking water. 28245338 11 68 theme D1 1504:1505 arg1 pathway 1517:1523 Akt/GSK3β/cyclin D1 signaling pathway 1487:1523 Akt/GSK3β/cyclin D1 signaling pathway 1487:1523 It also mediated Akt/GSK3β/cyclin D1 signaling pathway and altered the composition of gut microbiota to alleviate tumor growth. 28245338 1 69 theme joint 191:195 arg1 nourishment 197:207 joint nourishment 191:207 joint nourishment 191:207 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin is a popular dietary supplement for joint nourishment. 28245338 6 70 theme BS 746:747 arg1 extract 749:755 BS extract 746:755 BS extract 746:755 We found that treatment with BS extract significantly reduce the colonic tumor formation. 28245338 11 71 theme microbiota 1560:1569 arg1 composition 1541:1551 the composition 1537:1551 the composition of gut microbiota to alleviate tumor growth 1537:1595 It also mediated Akt/GSK3β/cyclin D1 signaling pathway and altered the composition of gut microbiota to alleviate tumor growth. 28245338 1 72 theme SCOPE 120:124 arg1 supplement 176:185 a popular dietary supplement 158:185 a popular dietary supplement for joint nourishment 158:207 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin is a popular dietary supplement for joint nourishment. 28245338 1 72 theme SCOPE 120:124 arg1 resin 149:153 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin 120:153 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin 120:153 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin is a popular dietary supplement for joint nourishment. 28245338 2 73 from effects 261:267 arg1 mice 416:419 mice 416:419 mice 416:419 In this study, we investigated the chemopreventive effects of dietary BS extract and its impact of gut microbiota on azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer in mice. 28245338 2 73 from effects 261:267 arg1 cancer 406:411 azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer 327:411 azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer 327:411 In this study, we investigated the chemopreventive effects of dietary BS extract and its impact of gut microbiota on azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer in mice. 28245338 8 74 theme glycogen 1071:1078 arg1 kinase 1089:1094 glycogen synthase kinase 3β 1071:1097 glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) 1071:1105 Furthermore, BS extract reduced cell proliferation via inhibiting phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and downregulation of cyclin D1. 28245338 8 74 theme glycogen 1071:1078 arg1 GSK3β 1100:1104 GSK3β 1100:1104 GSK3β 1100:1104 Furthermore, BS extract reduced cell proliferation via inhibiting phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and downregulation of cyclin D1. 28245338 8 74 theme glycogen 1071:1078 arg1 B 1062:1062 protein kinase B 1047:1062 protein kinase B (Akt) 1047:1068 Furthermore, BS extract reduced cell proliferation via inhibiting phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and downregulation of cyclin D1. 28245338 12 75 contain has 1650:1652 arg2 potential 1660:1668 great potential 1654:1668 great potential 1654:1668 Taken together, this study suggests that BS extract has great potential to suppress colon tumorigenesis. 28245338 12 75 contain has 1650:1652 arg1 extract 1642:1648 BS extract 1639:1648 BS extract 1639:1648 Taken together, this study suggests that BS extract has great potential to suppress colon tumorigenesis. 28245338 1 76 theme popular 160:166 arg1 supplement 176:185 a popular dietary supplement 158:185 a popular dietary supplement for joint nourishment 158:207 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin is a popular dietary supplement for joint nourishment. 28245338 1 76 theme popular 160:166 arg1 resin 149:153 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin 120:153 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin 120:153 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin is a popular dietary supplement for joint nourishment. 28245338 1 77 theme Boswellia 126:134 arg1 supplement 176:185 a popular dietary supplement 158:185 a popular dietary supplement for joint nourishment 158:207 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin is a popular dietary supplement for joint nourishment. 28245338 1 77 theme Boswellia 126:134 arg1 resin 149:153 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin 120:153 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin 120:153 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin is a popular dietary supplement for joint nourishment. 28245338 7 78 theme histological 824:835 arg1 analysis 837:844 histological analysis 824:844 histological analysis 824:844 Western blot and histological analysis revealed that dietary BS extract could markedly reduce the inflammation associated protein levels expression. 28245338 4 79 theme BS 546:547 arg1 extract 549:555 0.25 or 0.5% BS extract 533:555 0.25 or 0.5% BS extract 533:555 The mice were fed with 0.25 or 0.5% BS extract, and colonic tissue were collected at 15 weeks. 28245338 10 80 theme BS 1326:1327 arg1 extract 1329:1335 BS extract 1326:1335 BS extract 1326:1335 CONCLUSION In summary, BS extract decreased the protein levels of inflammative enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in colonic mucosa. 28245338 10 81 from synthase 1421:1428 arg1 mucosa 1462:1467 colonic mucosa 1454:1467 colonic mucosa 1454:1467 CONCLUSION In summary, BS extract decreased the protein levels of inflammative enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in colonic mucosa. 28245338 1 82 theme serrata 136:142 arg1 supplement 176:185 a popular dietary supplement 158:185 a popular dietary supplement for joint nourishment 158:207 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin is a popular dietary supplement for joint nourishment. 28245338 1 82 theme serrata 136:142 arg1 resin 149:153 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin 120:153 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin 120:153 SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin is a popular dietary supplement for joint nourishment. 28245338 7 83 theme Western 807:813 arg1 blot 815:818 Western blot 807:818 Western blot 807:818 Western blot and histological analysis revealed that dietary BS extract could markedly reduce the inflammation associated protein levels expression. 28245338 4 84 theme % 544:544 arg1 extract 549:555 0.25 or 0.5% BS extract 533:555 0.25 or 0.5% BS extract 533:555 The mice were fed with 0.25 or 0.5% BS extract, and colonic tissue were collected at 15 weeks. 28629187 5 0 theme 10 654:655 arg1 % 656:656 % 656:656 % 656:656 regular chow diet supplemented with either water (RD), 8% HFCS (HFCS), or 10% sucrose (SUC). 28629187 5 1 theme chow 588:591 arg1 diet 593:596 regular chow diet 580:596 regular chow diet 580:596 regular chow diet supplemented with either water (RD), 8% HFCS (HFCS), or 10% sucrose (SUC). 28629187 5 2 theme % 656:656 arg1 SUC 667:669 SUC 667:669 SUC 667:669 regular chow diet supplemented with either water (RD), 8% HFCS (HFCS), or 10% sucrose (SUC). 28629187 5 2 theme % 656:656 arg1 sucrose 658:664 10% sucrose 654:664 10% sucrose (SUC) 654:670 regular chow diet supplemented with either water (RD), 8% HFCS (HFCS), or 10% sucrose (SUC). 28629187 7 3 theme lower 824:828 arg1 levels 885:890 lower body weight but higher circulating glucose and insulin levels 824:890 lower body weight but higher circulating glucose and insulin levels 824:890 Comparing to SUC-fed mice, HFCS-fed mice showed lower body weight but higher circulating glucose and insulin levels. 28629187 1 4 theme processed 145:153 arg1 foods 155:159 processed foods 145:159 processed foods 145:159 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is widely used as sweetener in processed foods and soft drinks in the United States, largely substituting sucrose (SUC). 28629187 4 5 theme knockout 530:537 arg1 mice 549:552 10-week-old male wild-type (WT) and ghrelin knockout (Ghrelin) mice 486:552 mice 549:552 To mimic soft drinks, 10-week-old male wild-type (WT) and ghrelin knockout (Ghrelin) mice were subjected to ad lib. 28629187 8 6 theme whole-body 1027:1036 arg1 resistance 1046:1055 whole-body insulin resistance 1027:1055 whole-body insulin resistance 1027:1055 Interestingly, we also found that ghrelin deletion exacerbates HFCS-induced adiposity and inflammation in adipose tissues, as well as whole-body insulin resistance. 28629187 3 7 from roles 388:392 arg1 adiposity 430:438 HFCS- and SUC-induced adiposity 408:438 HFCS- and SUC-induced adiposity 408:438 Here we investigated the roles of ghrelin in HFCS- and SUC-induced adiposity and insulin resistance. 28629187 3 7 from roles 388:392 arg1 resistance 452:461 insulin resistance 444:461 insulin resistance 444:461 Here we investigated the roles of ghrelin in HFCS- and SUC-induced adiposity and insulin resistance. 28629187 7 8 theme body 830:833 arg1 weight 835:840 body weight 830:840 body weight 830:840 Comparing to SUC-fed mice, HFCS-fed mice showed lower body weight but higher circulating glucose and insulin levels. 28629187 8 9 from inflammation 983:994 arg1 tissues 1007:1013 adipose tissues 999:1013 adipose tissues 999:1013 Interestingly, we also found that ghrelin deletion exacerbates HFCS-induced adiposity and inflammation in adipose tissues, as well as whole-body insulin resistance. 28629187 2 10 theme insulin 287:293 arg1 resistance 295:304 insulin resistance 287:304 insulin resistance 287:304 The orexigenic hormone ghrelin promotes obesity and insulin resistance; ghrelin responds differently to HFCS and SUC ingestion. 28629187 2 11 theme hormone 250:256 arg1 ghrelin 258:264 The orexigenic hormone ghrelin 235:264 The orexigenic hormone ghrelin 235:264 The orexigenic hormone ghrelin promotes obesity and insulin resistance; ghrelin responds differently to HFCS and SUC ingestion. 28629187 4 12 theme Ghrelin 540:546 arg1 mice 549:552 10-week-old male wild-type (WT) and ghrelin knockout (Ghrelin) mice 486:552 mice 549:552 To mimic soft drinks, 10-week-old male wild-type (WT) and ghrelin knockout (Ghrelin) mice were subjected to ad lib. 28629187 1 13 from sweetener 132:140 arg1 foods 155:159 processed foods 145:159 processed foods 145:159 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is widely used as sweetener in processed foods and soft drinks in the United States, largely substituting sucrose (SUC). 28629187 1 13 from sweetener 132:140 arg1 drinks 170:175 soft drinks 165:175 soft drinks 165:175 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is widely used as sweetener in processed foods and soft drinks in the United States, largely substituting sucrose (SUC). 28629187 1 14 theme High 82:85 arg1 syrup 101:105 High fructose corn syrup 82:105 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) 82:112 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is widely used as sweetener in processed foods and soft drinks in the United States, largely substituting sucrose (SUC). 28629187 1 14 theme High 82:85 arg1 sweetener 132:140 sweetener 132:140 sweetener in processed foods and soft drinks 132:175 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is widely used as sweetener in processed foods and soft drinks in the United States, largely substituting sucrose (SUC). 28629187 1 14 theme High 82:85 arg1 HFCS 108:111 HFCS 108:111 HFCS 108:111 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is widely used as sweetener in processed foods and soft drinks in the United States, largely substituting sucrose (SUC). 28629187 8 15 theme insulin 1038:1044 arg1 resistance 1046:1055 whole-body insulin resistance 1027:1055 whole-body insulin resistance 1027:1055 Interestingly, we also found that ghrelin deletion exacerbates HFCS-induced adiposity and inflammation in adipose tissues, as well as whole-body insulin resistance. 28629187 6 16 theme body 748:751 arg1 fat 753:755 body fat 748:755 body fat 748:755 We found that SUC-feeding induced more robust increases in body weight and body fat than HFCS-feeding. 28629187 1 17 theme fructose 87:94 arg1 syrup 101:105 High fructose corn syrup 82:105 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) 82:112 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is widely used as sweetener in processed foods and soft drinks in the United States, largely substituting sucrose (SUC). 28629187 1 17 theme fructose 87:94 arg1 sweetener 132:140 sweetener 132:140 sweetener in processed foods and soft drinks 132:175 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is widely used as sweetener in processed foods and soft drinks in the United States, largely substituting sucrose (SUC). 28629187 1 17 theme fructose 87:94 arg1 HFCS 108:111 HFCS 108:111 HFCS 108:111 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is widely used as sweetener in processed foods and soft drinks in the United States, largely substituting sucrose (SUC). 28629187 3 18 theme HFCS- 408:412 arg1 adiposity 430:438 HFCS- and SUC-induced adiposity 408:438 HFCS- and SUC-induced adiposity 408:438 Here we investigated the roles of ghrelin in HFCS- and SUC-induced adiposity and insulin resistance. 28629187 8 19 theme ghrelin 927:933 arg1 deletion 935:942 ghrelin deletion 927:942 ghrelin deletion 927:942 Interestingly, we also found that ghrelin deletion exacerbates HFCS-induced adiposity and inflammation in adipose tissues, as well as whole-body insulin resistance. 28629187 7 20 theme HFCS-fed 803:810 arg1 mice 812:815 HFCS-fed mice 803:815 HFCS-fed mice 803:815 Comparing to SUC-fed mice, HFCS-fed mice showed lower body weight but higher circulating glucose and insulin levels. 28629187 1 21 theme corn 96:99 arg1 syrup 101:105 High fructose corn syrup 82:105 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) 82:112 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is widely used as sweetener in processed foods and soft drinks in the United States, largely substituting sucrose (SUC). 28629187 1 21 theme corn 96:99 arg1 sweetener 132:140 sweetener 132:140 sweetener in processed foods and soft drinks 132:175 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is widely used as sweetener in processed foods and soft drinks in the United States, largely substituting sucrose (SUC). 28629187 1 21 theme corn 96:99 arg1 HFCS 108:111 HFCS 108:111 HFCS 108:111 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is widely used as sweetener in processed foods and soft drinks in the United States, largely substituting sucrose (SUC). 28629187 1 22 theme soft 165:168 arg1 drinks 170:175 soft drinks 165:175 soft drinks 165:175 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is widely used as sweetener in processed foods and soft drinks in the United States, largely substituting sucrose (SUC). 28629187 6 23 from increases 719:727 arg1 fat 753:755 body fat 748:755 body fat 748:755 We found that SUC-feeding induced more robust increases in body weight and body fat than HFCS-feeding. 28629187 6 23 from increases 719:727 arg1 weight 737:742 body weight 732:742 body weight 732:742 We found that SUC-feeding induced more robust increases in body weight and body fat than HFCS-feeding. 28629187 5 24 theme regular 580:586 arg1 diet 593:596 regular chow diet 580:596 regular chow diet 580:596 regular chow diet supplemented with either water (RD), 8% HFCS (HFCS), or 10% sucrose (SUC). 28629187 7 25 theme SUC-fed 789:795 arg1 mice 797:800 SUC-fed mice 789:800 SUC-fed mice 789:800 Comparing to SUC-fed mice, HFCS-fed mice showed lower body weight but higher circulating glucose and insulin levels. 28629187 8 26 from resistance 1046:1055 arg1 tissues 1007:1013 adipose tissues 999:1013 adipose tissues 999:1013 Interestingly, we also found that ghrelin deletion exacerbates HFCS-induced adiposity and inflammation in adipose tissues, as well as whole-body insulin resistance. 28629187 3 27 theme ghrelin 397:403 arg1 roles 388:392 the roles 384:392 the roles of ghrelin in HFCS- and SUC-induced adiposity and insulin resistance 384:461 Here we investigated the roles of ghrelin in HFCS- and SUC-induced adiposity and insulin resistance. 28629187 9 28 theme insulin 1222:1228 arg1 resistance 1230:1239 insulin resistance 1222:1239 insulin resistance 1222:1239 Our findings suggest that HFCS and SUC have differential effects on lipid metabolism: while sucrose promotes obesogenesis, HFCS primarily enhances inflammation and insulin resistance, and ghrelin confers protective effects for these metabolic dysfunctions. 28629187 9 29 theme differential 1102:1113 arg1 effects 1115:1121 differential effects 1102:1121 differential effects 1102:1121 Our findings suggest that HFCS and SUC have differential effects on lipid metabolism: while sucrose promotes obesogenesis, HFCS primarily enhances inflammation and insulin resistance, and ghrelin confers protective effects for these metabolic dysfunctions. 28629187 0 30 theme Ghrelin 15:21 arg1 Suppression 0:10 Suppression 0:10 Suppression of Ghrelin 0:21 Suppression of Ghrelin Exacerbates HFCS-Induced Adiposity and Insulin Resistance. 28629187 4 31 theme ghrelin 522:528 arg1 mice 549:552 10-week-old male wild-type (WT) and ghrelin knockout (Ghrelin) mice 486:552 mice 549:552 To mimic soft drinks, 10-week-old male wild-type (WT) and ghrelin knockout (Ghrelin) mice were subjected to ad lib. 28629187 2 32 theme orexigenic 239:248 arg1 ghrelin 258:264 The orexigenic hormone ghrelin 235:264 The orexigenic hormone ghrelin 235:264 The orexigenic hormone ghrelin promotes obesity and insulin resistance; ghrelin responds differently to HFCS and SUC ingestion. 28629187 7 33 dep circulating 853:863 arg1 higher 846:851 higher 846:851 higher 846:851 Comparing to SUC-fed mice, HFCS-fed mice showed lower body weight but higher circulating glucose and insulin levels. 28629187 4 34 theme ad 572:573 arg1 lib 575:577 ad lib 572:577 ad lib 572:577 To mimic soft drinks, 10-week-old male wild-type (WT) and ghrelin knockout (Ghrelin) mice were subjected to ad lib. 28629187 5 35 theme 8 635:635 arg1 % 636:636 % 636:636 % 636:636 regular chow diet supplemented with either water (RD), 8% HFCS (HFCS), or 10% sucrose (SUC). 28629187 6 36 theme body 732:735 arg1 weight 737:742 body weight 732:742 body weight 732:742 We found that SUC-feeding induced more robust increases in body weight and body fat than HFCS-feeding. 28629187 2 37 theme SUC 348:350 arg1 ingestion 352:360 SUC ingestion 348:360 SUC ingestion 348:360 The orexigenic hormone ghrelin promotes obesity and insulin resistance; ghrelin responds differently to HFCS and SUC ingestion. 28629187 1 38 theme United 184:189 arg1 States 191:196 the United States 180:196 the United States 180:196 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is widely used as sweetener in processed foods and soft drinks in the United States, largely substituting sucrose (SUC). 28629187 0 39 theme HFCS-Induced 35:46 arg1 Adiposity 48:56 HFCS-Induced Adiposity 35:56 HFCS-Induced Adiposity 35:56 Suppression of Ghrelin Exacerbates HFCS-Induced Adiposity and Insulin Resistance. 28629187 9 40 dep enhances 1196:1203 arg1 have 1097:1100 have 1097:1100 have differential effects on lipid metabolism 1097:1141 Our findings suggest that HFCS and SUC have differential effects on lipid metabolism: while sucrose promotes obesogenesis, HFCS primarily enhances inflammation and insulin resistance, and ghrelin confers protective effects for these metabolic dysfunctions. 28629187 5 41 theme % 636:636 arg1 HFCS 644:647 HFCS 644:647 HFCS 644:647 regular chow diet supplemented with either water (RD), 8% HFCS (HFCS), or 10% sucrose (SUC). 28629187 5 41 theme % 636:636 arg1 HFCS 638:641 8% HFCS 635:641 8% HFCS (HFCS) 635:648 regular chow diet supplemented with either water (RD), 8% HFCS (HFCS), or 10% sucrose (SUC). 28629187 7 42 theme insulin 877:883 arg1 levels 885:890 lower body weight but higher circulating glucose and insulin levels 824:890 lower body weight but higher circulating glucose and insulin levels 824:890 Comparing to SUC-fed mice, HFCS-fed mice showed lower body weight but higher circulating glucose and insulin levels. 28629187 3 43 theme SUC-induced 418:428 arg1 adiposity 430:438 HFCS- and SUC-induced adiposity 408:438 HFCS- and SUC-induced adiposity 408:438 Here we investigated the roles of ghrelin in HFCS- and SUC-induced adiposity and insulin resistance. 28629187 0 44 theme Insulin 62:68 arg1 Resistance 70:79 Insulin Resistance 62:79 Insulin Resistance 62:79 Suppression of Ghrelin Exacerbates HFCS-Induced Adiposity and Insulin Resistance. 28629187 8 45 theme HFCS-induced 956:967 arg1 adiposity 969:977 HFCS-induced adiposity 956:977 HFCS-induced adiposity 956:977 Interestingly, we also found that ghrelin deletion exacerbates HFCS-induced adiposity and inflammation in adipose tissues, as well as whole-body insulin resistance. 28629187 9 46 theme lipid 1126:1130 arg1 metabolism 1132:1141 lipid metabolism 1126:1141 lipid metabolism 1126:1141 Our findings suggest that HFCS and SUC have differential effects on lipid metabolism: while sucrose promotes obesogenesis, HFCS primarily enhances inflammation and insulin resistance, and ghrelin confers protective effects for these metabolic dysfunctions. 28629187 6 47 theme robust 712:717 arg1 increases 719:727 more robust increases 707:727 more robust increases in body weight and body fat 707:755 We found that SUC-feeding induced more robust increases in body weight and body fat than HFCS-feeding. 28629187 7 48 theme glucose 865:871 arg1 levels 885:890 lower body weight but higher circulating glucose and insulin levels 824:890 lower body weight but higher circulating glucose and insulin levels 824:890 Comparing to SUC-fed mice, HFCS-fed mice showed lower body weight but higher circulating glucose and insulin levels. 28629187 9 49 theme protective 1262:1271 arg1 effects 1273:1279 protective effects 1262:1279 protective effects 1262:1279 Our findings suggest that HFCS and SUC have differential effects on lipid metabolism: while sucrose promotes obesogenesis, HFCS primarily enhances inflammation and insulin resistance, and ghrelin confers protective effects for these metabolic dysfunctions. 28629187 8 50 theme adipose 999:1005 arg1 tissues 1007:1013 adipose tissues 999:1013 adipose tissues 999:1013 Interestingly, we also found that ghrelin deletion exacerbates HFCS-induced adiposity and inflammation in adipose tissues, as well as whole-body insulin resistance. 28629187 3 51 theme insulin 444:450 arg1 resistance 452:461 insulin resistance 444:461 insulin resistance 444:461 Here we investigated the roles of ghrelin in HFCS- and SUC-induced adiposity and insulin resistance. 28629187 9 52 dep suggest 1071:1077 arg1 confers 1254:1260 confers 1254:1260 confers protective effects for these metabolic dysfunctions 1254:1312 Our findings suggest that HFCS and SUC have differential effects on lipid metabolism: while sucrose promotes obesogenesis, HFCS primarily enhances inflammation and insulin resistance, and ghrelin confers protective effects for these metabolic dysfunctions. 28629187 9 52 dep suggest 1071:1077 arg1 enhances 1196:1203 enhances 1196:1203 enhances inflammation and insulin resistance 1196:1239 Our findings suggest that HFCS and SUC have differential effects on lipid metabolism: while sucrose promotes obesogenesis, HFCS primarily enhances inflammation and insulin resistance, and ghrelin confers protective effects for these metabolic dysfunctions. 28629187 8 53 from adiposity 969:977 arg1 tissues 1007:1013 adipose tissues 999:1013 adipose tissues 999:1013 Interestingly, we also found that ghrelin deletion exacerbates HFCS-induced adiposity and inflammation in adipose tissues, as well as whole-body insulin resistance. 28629187 1 54 used used 124:127 arg2 HFCS 108:111 HFCS 108:111 HFCS 108:111 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is widely used as sweetener in processed foods and soft drinks in the United States, largely substituting sucrose (SUC). 28629187 1 54 used used 124:127 arg2 syrup 101:105 High fructose corn syrup 82:105 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) 82:112 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is widely used as sweetener in processed foods and soft drinks in the United States, largely substituting sucrose (SUC). 28629187 1 54 used used 124:127 arg2 sweetener 132:140 sweetener 132:140 sweetener in processed foods and soft drinks 132:175 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is widely used as sweetener in processed foods and soft drinks in the United States, largely substituting sucrose (SUC). 28629187 7 55 dep lower 824:828 arg1 weight 835:840 body weight 830:840 body weight 830:840 Comparing to SUC-fed mice, HFCS-fed mice showed lower body weight but higher circulating glucose and insulin levels. 28629187 7 56 theme circulating 853:863 arg1 levels 885:890 lower body weight but higher circulating glucose and insulin levels 824:890 lower body weight but higher circulating glucose and insulin levels 824:890 Comparing to SUC-fed mice, HFCS-fed mice showed lower body weight but higher circulating glucose and insulin levels. 28629187 9 57 contain have 1097:1100 arg1 HFCS 1084:1087 HFCS 1084:1087 HFCS 1084:1087 Our findings suggest that HFCS and SUC have differential effects on lipid metabolism: while sucrose promotes obesogenesis, HFCS primarily enhances inflammation and insulin resistance, and ghrelin confers protective effects for these metabolic dysfunctions. 28629187 9 57 contain have 1097:1100 arg1 SUC 1093:1095 SUC 1093:1095 SUC 1093:1095 Our findings suggest that HFCS and SUC have differential effects on lipid metabolism: while sucrose promotes obesogenesis, HFCS primarily enhances inflammation and insulin resistance, and ghrelin confers protective effects for these metabolic dysfunctions. 28629187 9 57 contain have 1097:1100 arg2 effects 1115:1121 differential effects 1102:1121 differential effects 1102:1121 Our findings suggest that HFCS and SUC have differential effects on lipid metabolism: while sucrose promotes obesogenesis, HFCS primarily enhances inflammation and insulin resistance, and ghrelin confers protective effects for these metabolic dysfunctions. 28629187 4 58 theme soft 473:476 arg1 drinks 478:483 soft drinks 473:483 soft drinks 473:483 To mimic soft drinks, 10-week-old male wild-type (WT) and ghrelin knockout (Ghrelin) mice were subjected to ad lib. 28629187 9 59 theme metabolic 1291:1299 arg1 dysfunctions 1301:1312 these metabolic dysfunctions 1285:1312 these metabolic dysfunctions 1285:1312 Our findings suggest that HFCS and SUC have differential effects on lipid metabolism: while sucrose promotes obesogenesis, HFCS primarily enhances inflammation and insulin resistance, and ghrelin confers protective effects for these metabolic dysfunctions. 28420148 0 0 theme Fat 71:73 arg1 Diet 75:78 a High Fat Diet 64:78 a High Fat Diet 64:78 Differential Effect of Sucrose and Fructose in Combination with a High Fat Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Kidney Oxidative Stress. 28420148 2 1 theme renal 370:374 arg1 stress 386:391 renal oxidative stress 370:391 renal oxidative stress 370:391 Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress. 28420148 5 2 theme body 967:970 arg1 mass 972:975 lean body mass 962:975 lean body mass 962:975 Body fat mass, metabolic inflexibility, glucose intolerance, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), insulin, renal reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), Nadphox, and Srebp-1 were significantly higher and antioxidant enzymes and lean body mass were significantly lower in the HFS group with respect to the HF-F group. 28420148 0 3 theme High 66:69 arg1 Diet 75:78 a High Fat Diet 64:78 a High Fat Diet 64:78 Differential Effect of Sucrose and Fructose in Combination with a High Fat Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Kidney Oxidative Stress. 28420148 0 4 from Effect 13:18 arg1 Microbiota 94:103 Intestinal Microbiota 83:103 Intestinal Microbiota 83:103 Differential Effect of Sucrose and Fructose in Combination with a High Fat Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Kidney Oxidative Stress. 28420148 0 4 from Effect 13:18 arg1 Stress 126:131 Kidney Oxidative Stress 109:131 Kidney Oxidative Stress 109:131 Differential Effect of Sucrose and Fructose in Combination with a High Fat Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Kidney Oxidative Stress. 28420148 0 4 from Effect 13:18 arg1 Combination 47:57 Combination 47:57 Combination with a High Fat Diet 47:78 Differential Effect of Sucrose and Fructose in Combination with a High Fat Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Kidney Oxidative Stress. 28420148 4 5 theme HFF 644:646 arg1 groups 648:653 HFF groups 644:653 HFF groups 644:653 Half of the HFS or HFF groups were maintained with the same diet and the other half were switched to the consumption of C. HFS and HFF groups increased 51% and 19% body weight, respectively, compared with the C group. 28420148 1 6 theme controversial 143:155 arg1 information 157:167 controversial information 143:167 controversial information about the adverse effect of sucrose (S) or fructose (F) in the development of obesity 143:253 There is controversial information about the adverse effect of sucrose (S) or fructose (F) in the development of obesity. 28420148 6 7 theme glucose 1131:1137 arg1 intolerance 1139:1149 the insulin and glucose intolerance 1115:1149 intolerance 1139:1149 Change in the consumption of HFS or HFF to a C diet ameliorated the insulin and glucose intolerance. 28420148 5 8 theme renal 827:831 arg1 ROS 858:860 ROS 858:860 ROS 858:860 Body fat mass, metabolic inflexibility, glucose intolerance, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), insulin, renal reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), Nadphox, and Srebp-1 were significantly higher and antioxidant enzymes and lean body mass were significantly lower in the HFS group with respect to the HF-F group. 28420148 5 8 theme renal 827:831 arg1 species 849:855 renal reactive oxygen species 827:855 renal reactive oxygen species (ROS) 827:861 Body fat mass, metabolic inflexibility, glucose intolerance, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), insulin, renal reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), Nadphox, and Srebp-1 were significantly higher and antioxidant enzymes and lean body mass were significantly lower in the HFS group with respect to the HF-F group. 28420148 4 9 theme same 568:571 arg1 diet 573:576 the same diet 564:576 the same diet 564:576 Half of the HFS or HFF groups were maintained with the same diet and the other half were switched to the consumption of C. HFS and HFF groups increased 51% and 19% body weight, respectively, compared with the C group. 28420148 8 10 theme metabolic 1321:1329 arg1 alterations 1331:1341 metabolic alterations 1321:1341 metabolic alterations with the HFS diet 1321:1359 Thus, metabolic alterations with the HFS diet had a more detrimental effect than HFF. 28420148 0 11 from Combination 47:57 arg1 Effect 13:18 Differential Effect 0:18 Differential Effect of Sucrose and Fructose in Combination with a High Fat Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Kidney Oxidative Stress. 0:132 Differential Effect of Sucrose and Fructose in Combination with a High Fat Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Kidney Oxidative Stress. 28420148 4 12 theme HFS 525:527 arg1 groups 536:541 the HFS or HFF groups 521:541 groups 536:541 Half of the HFS or HFF groups were maintained with the same diet and the other half were switched to the consumption of C. HFS and HFF groups increased 51% and 19% body weight, respectively, compared with the C group. 28420148 4 13 theme C. 633:634 arg1 HFS 636:638 C. HFS 633:638 C. HFS 633:638 Half of the HFS or HFF groups were maintained with the same diet and the other half were switched to the consumption of C. HFS and HFF groups increased 51% and 19% body weight, respectively, compared with the C group. 28420148 8 14 theme detrimental 1372:1382 arg1 effect 1384:1389 a more detrimental effect 1365:1389 a more detrimental effect 1365:1389 Thus, metabolic alterations with the HFS diet had a more detrimental effect than HFF. 28420148 0 15 theme Intestinal 83:92 arg1 Microbiota 94:103 Intestinal Microbiota 83:103 Intestinal Microbiota 83:103 Differential Effect of Sucrose and Fructose in Combination with a High Fat Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Kidney Oxidative Stress. 28420148 0 16 from Fructose 35:42 arg1 Combination 47:57 Combination 47:57 Combination with a High Fat Diet 47:78 Differential Effect of Sucrose and Fructose in Combination with a High Fat Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Kidney Oxidative Stress. 28420148 6 17 theme C 1096:1096 arg1 diet 1098:1101 a C diet 1094:1101 a C diet 1094:1101 Change in the consumption of HFS or HFF to a C diet ameliorated the insulin and glucose intolerance. 28420148 8 18 with alterations 1331:1341 arg1 diet 1356:1359 the HFS diet 1348:1359 the HFS diet 1348:1359 Thus, metabolic alterations with the HFS diet had a more detrimental effect than HFF. 28420148 5 19 theme Body 731:734 arg1 mass 740:743 Body fat mass 731:743 Body fat mass 731:743 Body fat mass, metabolic inflexibility, glucose intolerance, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), insulin, renal reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), Nadphox, and Srebp-1 were significantly higher and antioxidant enzymes and lean body mass were significantly lower in the HFS group with respect to the HF-F group. 28420148 5 20 theme HF-F 1039:1042 arg1 group 1044:1048 the HF-F group 1035:1048 the HF-F group 1035:1048 Body fat mass, metabolic inflexibility, glucose intolerance, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), insulin, renal reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), Nadphox, and Srebp-1 were significantly higher and antioxidant enzymes and lean body mass were significantly lower in the HFS group with respect to the HF-F group. 28420148 2 21 theme S 317:317 arg1 effect 307:312 the effect 303:312 the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress 303:391 Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress. 28420148 6 22 theme insulin 1119:1125 arg1 intolerance 1139:1149 the insulin and glucose intolerance 1115:1149 intolerance 1139:1149 Change in the consumption of HFS or HFF to a C diet ameliorated the insulin and glucose intolerance. 28420148 5 23 theme reactive 833:840 arg1 ROS 858:860 ROS 858:860 ROS 858:860 Body fat mass, metabolic inflexibility, glucose intolerance, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), insulin, renal reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), Nadphox, and Srebp-1 were significantly higher and antioxidant enzymes and lean body mass were significantly lower in the HFS group with respect to the HF-F group. 28420148 5 23 theme reactive 833:840 arg1 species 849:855 renal reactive oxygen species 827:855 renal reactive oxygen species (ROS) 827:861 Body fat mass, metabolic inflexibility, glucose intolerance, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), insulin, renal reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), Nadphox, and Srebp-1 were significantly higher and antioxidant enzymes and lean body mass were significantly lower in the HFS group with respect to the HF-F group. 28420148 0 24 theme Differential 0:11 arg1 Effect 13:18 Differential Effect 0:18 Differential Effect of Sucrose and Fructose in Combination with a High Fat Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Kidney Oxidative Stress. 0:132 Differential Effect of Sucrose and Fructose in Combination with a High Fat Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Kidney Oxidative Stress. 28420148 8 25 contain had 1361:1363 arg1 alterations 1331:1341 metabolic alterations 1321:1341 metabolic alterations with the HFS diet 1321:1359 Thus, metabolic alterations with the HFS diet had a more detrimental effect than HFF. 28420148 8 25 contain had 1361:1363 arg2 effect 1384:1389 a more detrimental effect 1365:1389 a more detrimental effect 1365:1389 Thus, metabolic alterations with the HFS diet had a more detrimental effect than HFF. 28420148 4 26 theme HFS 636:638 arg1 consumption 618:628 the consumption 614:628 the consumption of C. HFS 614:638 Half of the HFS or HFF groups were maintained with the same diet and the other half were switched to the consumption of C. HFS and HFF groups increased 51% and 19% body weight, respectively, compared with the C group. 28420148 7 27 theme carbohydrate 1164:1175 arg1 type 1156:1159 The type 1152:1159 The type of carbohydrate 1152:1175 The type of carbohydrate differentially modified the microbiota composition, however, both groups significantly decreased C. eutactus with respect to the C group. 28420148 4 28 theme groups 536:541 arg1 Half 513:516 Half 513:516 Half of the HFS or HFF groups 513:541 Half of the HFS or HFF groups were maintained with the same diet and the other half were switched to the consumption of C. HFS and HFF groups increased 51% and 19% body weight, respectively, compared with the C group. 28420148 5 29 theme HFS 1009:1011 arg1 group 1013:1017 the HFS group 1005:1017 the HFS group 1005:1017 Body fat mass, metabolic inflexibility, glucose intolerance, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), insulin, renal reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), Nadphox, and Srebp-1 were significantly higher and antioxidant enzymes and lean body mass were significantly lower in the HFS group with respect to the HF-F group. 28420148 1 30 theme adverse 179:185 arg1 effect 187:192 the adverse effect 175:192 the adverse effect of sucrose (S) or fructose (F) in the development of obesity 175:253 There is controversial information about the adverse effect of sucrose (S) or fructose (F) in the development of obesity. 28420148 0 31 theme Sucrose 23:29 arg1 Effect 13:18 Differential Effect 0:18 Differential Effect of Sucrose and Fructose in Combination with a High Fat Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Kidney Oxidative Stress. 0:132 Differential Effect of Sucrose and Fructose in Combination with a High Fat Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Kidney Oxidative Stress. 28420148 6 32 from Change 1051:1056 arg1 consumption 1065:1075 the consumption 1061:1075 the consumption of HFS or HFF to a C diet 1061:1101 Change in the consumption of HFS or HFF to a C diet ameliorated the insulin and glucose intolerance. 28420148 0 33 theme Kidney 109:114 arg1 Stress 126:131 Kidney Oxidative Stress 109:131 Kidney Oxidative Stress 109:131 Differential Effect of Sucrose and Fructose in Combination with a High Fat Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Kidney Oxidative Stress. 28420148 2 34 theme high 329:332 arg1 HF 344:345 HF 344:345 HF 344:345 Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress. 28420148 2 34 theme high 329:332 arg1 diet 338:341 a high fat diet 327:341 a high fat diet (HF) 327:346 Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress. 28420148 2 35 theme fat 334:336 arg1 HF 344:345 HF 344:345 HF 344:345 Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress. 28420148 2 35 theme fat 334:336 arg1 diet 338:341 a high fat diet 327:341 a high fat diet (HF) 327:346 Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress. 28420148 4 36 theme body 677:680 arg1 weight 682:687 body weight 677:687 19% body weight 673:687 Half of the HFS or HFF groups were maintained with the same diet and the other half were switched to the consumption of C. HFS and HFF groups increased 51% and 19% body weight, respectively, compared with the C group. 28420148 5 37 theme oxygen 842:847 arg1 ROS 858:860 ROS 858:860 ROS 858:860 Body fat mass, metabolic inflexibility, glucose intolerance, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), insulin, renal reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), Nadphox, and Srebp-1 were significantly higher and antioxidant enzymes and lean body mass were significantly lower in the HFS group with respect to the HF-F group. 28420148 5 37 theme oxygen 842:847 arg1 species 849:855 renal reactive oxygen species 827:855 renal reactive oxygen species (ROS) 827:861 Body fat mass, metabolic inflexibility, glucose intolerance, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), insulin, renal reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), Nadphox, and Srebp-1 were significantly higher and antioxidant enzymes and lean body mass were significantly lower in the HFS group with respect to the HF-F group. 28420148 0 38 theme Fructose 35:42 arg1 Effect 13:18 Differential Effect 0:18 Differential Effect of Sucrose and Fructose in Combination with a High Fat Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Kidney Oxidative Stress. 0:132 Differential Effect of Sucrose and Fructose in Combination with a High Fat Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Kidney Oxidative Stress. 28420148 1 39 theme obesity 247:253 arg1 development 232:242 the development 228:242 the development of obesity 228:253 There is controversial information about the adverse effect of sucrose (S) or fructose (F) in the development of obesity. 28420148 1 40 theme sucrose 197:203 arg1 effect 187:192 the adverse effect 175:192 the adverse effect of sucrose (S) or fructose (F) in the development of obesity 175:253 There is controversial information about the adverse effect of sucrose (S) or fructose (F) in the development of obesity. 28420148 2 41 theme gut 351:353 arg1 microbiota 355:364 gut microbiota 351:364 gut microbiota 351:364 Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress. 28420148 6 42 theme HFS 1080:1082 arg1 consumption 1065:1075 the consumption 1061:1075 the consumption of HFS or HFF to a C diet 1061:1101 Change in the consumption of HFS or HFF to a C diet ameliorated the insulin and glucose intolerance. 28420148 0 43 theme Oxidative 116:124 arg1 Stress 126:131 Kidney Oxidative Stress 109:131 Kidney Oxidative Stress 109:131 Differential Effect of Sucrose and Fructose in Combination with a High Fat Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Kidney Oxidative Stress. 28420148 2 44 theme F 322:322 arg1 effect 307:312 the effect 303:312 the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress 303:391 Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress. 28420148 7 45 theme C 1306:1306 arg1 group 1308:1312 the C group 1302:1312 the C group 1302:1312 The type of carbohydrate differentially modified the microbiota composition, however, both groups significantly decreased C. eutactus with respect to the C group. 28420148 4 46 theme C 722:722 arg1 group 724:728 the C group 718:728 the C group 718:728 Half of the HFS or HFF groups were maintained with the same diet and the other half were switched to the consumption of C. HFS and HFF groups increased 51% and 19% body weight, respectively, compared with the C group. 28420148 5 47 theme glucose 771:777 arg1 intolerance 779:789 glucose intolerance 771:789 glucose intolerance 771:789 Body fat mass, metabolic inflexibility, glucose intolerance, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), insulin, renal reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), Nadphox, and Srebp-1 were significantly higher and antioxidant enzymes and lean body mass were significantly lower in the HFS group with respect to the HF-F group. 28420148 2 48 from effect 307:312 arg1 HF 344:345 HF 344:345 HF 344:345 Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress. 28420148 2 48 from effect 307:312 arg1 stress 386:391 renal oxidative stress 370:391 renal oxidative stress 370:391 Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress. 28420148 2 48 from effect 307:312 arg1 diet 338:341 a high fat diet 327:341 a high fat diet (HF) 327:346 Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress. 28420148 2 48 from effect 307:312 arg1 microbiota 355:364 gut microbiota 351:364 gut microbiota 351:364 Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress. 28420148 2 49 theme study 281:285 arg1 purpose 266:272 the purpose 262:272 the purpose of the study 262:285 Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress. 28420148 6 50 theme HFF 1087:1089 arg1 consumption 1065:1075 the consumption 1061:1075 the consumption of HFS or HFF to a C diet 1061:1101 Change in the consumption of HFS or HFF to a C diet ameliorated the insulin and glucose intolerance. 28420148 2 51 from diet 338:341 arg1 effect 307:312 the effect 303:312 the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress 303:391 Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress. 28420148 7 52 theme microbiota 1205:1214 arg1 composition 1216:1226 the microbiota composition 1201:1226 the microbiota composition 1201:1226 The type of carbohydrate differentially modified the microbiota composition, however, both groups significantly decreased C. eutactus with respect to the C group. 28420148 1 53 from effect 187:192 arg1 development 232:242 the development 228:242 the development of obesity 228:253 There is controversial information about the adverse effect of sucrose (S) or fructose (F) in the development of obesity. 28420148 5 54 theme fat 736:738 arg1 mass 740:743 Body fat mass 731:743 Body fat mass 731:743 Body fat mass, metabolic inflexibility, glucose intolerance, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), insulin, renal reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), Nadphox, and Srebp-1 were significantly higher and antioxidant enzymes and lean body mass were significantly lower in the HFS group with respect to the HF-F group. 28420148 4 55 theme other 586:590 arg1 half 592:595 the other half 582:595 the other half 582:595 Half of the HFS or HFF groups were maintained with the same diet and the other half were switched to the consumption of C. HFS and HFF groups increased 51% and 19% body weight, respectively, compared with the C group. 28420148 2 56 from S 317:317 arg1 HF 344:345 HF 344:345 HF 344:345 Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress. 28420148 2 56 from S 317:317 arg1 diet 338:341 a high fat diet 327:341 a high fat diet (HF) 327:346 Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress. 28420148 4 57 theme HFF 532:534 arg1 groups 536:541 the HFS or HFF groups 521:541 groups 536:541 Half of the HFS or HFF groups were maintained with the same diet and the other half were switched to the consumption of C. HFS and HFF groups increased 51% and 19% body weight, respectively, compared with the C group. 28420148 3 58 theme control 495:501 arg1 diet 503:506 a control diet 493:506 a control diet 493:506 Rats were fed for four months with either high-fat + sucrose (HFS) or high-fat + fructose (HFF) or a control diet (C). 28420148 0 59 with Combination 47:57 arg1 Diet 75:78 a High Fat Diet 64:78 a High Fat Diet 64:78 Differential Effect of Sucrose and Fructose in Combination with a High Fat Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Kidney Oxidative Stress. 28420148 8 60 theme HFS 1352:1354 arg1 diet 1356:1359 the HFS diet 1348:1359 the HFS diet 1348:1359 Thus, metabolic alterations with the HFS diet had a more detrimental effect than HFF. 28420148 5 61 theme antioxidant 938:948 arg1 enzymes 950:956 antioxidant enzymes 938:956 antioxidant enzymes 938:956 Body fat mass, metabolic inflexibility, glucose intolerance, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), insulin, renal reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), Nadphox, and Srebp-1 were significantly higher and antioxidant enzymes and lean body mass were significantly lower in the HFS group with respect to the HF-F group. 28420148 4 62 dep % 675:675 arg1 weight 682:687 body weight 677:687 19% body weight 673:687 Half of the HFS or HFF groups were maintained with the same diet and the other half were switched to the consumption of C. HFS and HFF groups increased 51% and 19% body weight, respectively, compared with the C group. 28420148 2 63 from F 322:322 arg1 HF 344:345 HF 344:345 HF 344:345 Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress. 28420148 2 63 from F 322:322 arg1 diet 338:341 a high fat diet 327:341 a high fat diet (HF) 327:346 Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress. 28420148 2 64 theme oxidative 376:384 arg1 stress 386:391 renal oxidative stress 370:391 renal oxidative stress 370:391 Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of S or F in a high fat diet (HF) on gut microbiota and renal oxidative stress. 28420148 0 65 from Sucrose 23:29 arg1 Combination 47:57 Combination 47:57 Combination with a High Fat Diet 47:78 Differential Effect of Sucrose and Fructose in Combination with a High Fat Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Kidney Oxidative Stress. 28420148 5 66 theme metabolic 746:754 arg1 inflexibility 756:768 metabolic inflexibility 746:768 metabolic inflexibility 746:768 Body fat mass, metabolic inflexibility, glucose intolerance, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), insulin, renal reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), Nadphox, and Srebp-1 were significantly higher and antioxidant enzymes and lean body mass were significantly lower in the HFS group with respect to the HF-F group. 28420148 5 67 theme lean 962:965 arg1 mass 972:975 lean body mass 962:975 lean body mass 962:975 Body fat mass, metabolic inflexibility, glucose intolerance, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), insulin, renal reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), Nadphox, and Srebp-1 were significantly higher and antioxidant enzymes and lean body mass were significantly lower in the HFS group with respect to the HF-F group. 28420148 1 68 theme fructose 212:219 arg1 effect 187:192 the adverse effect 175:192 the adverse effect of sucrose (S) or fructose (F) in the development of obesity 175:253 There is controversial information about the adverse effect of sucrose (S) or fructose (F) in the development of obesity. 26452774 2 0 theme rod-shaped 93:102 arg1 BZ1 157:159 designated BZ1 146:159 designated BZ1(T) 146:162 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 2 0 theme rod-shaped 93:102 arg1 bacterium 135:143 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium 70:143 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium 70:143 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 7 1 theme 44.5 mol 1164:1171 arg1 % 1172:1172 a DNA G + C content 44.5 mol% 1144:1172 a DNA G + C content 44.5 mol% 1144:1172 The novel strain was found to have a DNA G + C content 44.5 mol%. 26452774 3 2 theme phylogenetic 393:404 arg1 relatives 406:414 the close phylogenetic relatives 383:414 the close phylogenetic relatives 383:414 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 3 3 with 23495 546:550 arg1 similarity 597:606 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity 560:606 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity 560:606 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 4 4 theme w/v 727:729 arg1 NaCl 732:735 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl 718:735 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5 %) 718:751 Strain BZ1(T) was found to grow at 6-40 °C (optimum 30-33 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5 %). 26452774 4 4 theme w/v 727:729 arg1 % 750:750 optimum 0.5 % 738:750 optimum 0.5 % 738:750 Strain BZ1(T) was found to grow at 6-40 °C (optimum 30-33 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5 %). 26452774 3 5 theme DSM 542:544 arg1 T 552:552 T 552:552 T 552:552 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 3 5 theme DSM 542:544 arg1 23495 546:550 Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495 522:550 Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) 522:553 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 9 6 theme novel 1345:1349 arg1 species 1351:1357 a novel species 1343:1357 a novel species 1343:1357 Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, it is concluded that strain BZ1(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus depressus sp. 26452774 9 7 dep genus 1370:1374 arg1 Bacillus 1376:1383 the genus Bacillus 1366:1383 the genus Bacillus 1366:1383 Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, it is concluded that strain BZ1(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus depressus sp. 26452774 3 8 theme relatives 406:414 arg1 isolate 324:330 the isolate 320:330 the isolate 320:330 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 3 8 theme relatives 406:414 arg1 member 350:355 a member 348:355 a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively 348:620 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 2 9 theme positive 83:90 arg1 BZ1 157:159 designated BZ1 146:159 designated BZ1(T) 146:162 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 2 9 theme positive 83:90 arg1 bacterium 135:143 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium 70:143 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium 70:143 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 4 10 theme optimum 667:673 arg1 6-40 °C 658:664 6-40 °C 658:664 6-40 °C (optimum 30-33 °C) 658:683 Strain BZ1(T) was found to grow at 6-40 °C (optimum 30-33 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5 %). 26452774 4 10 theme optimum 667:673 arg1 30-33 °C 675:682 optimum 30-33 °C 667:682 optimum 30-33 °C 667:682 Strain BZ1(T) was found to grow at 6-40 °C (optimum 30-33 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5 %). 26452774 6 11 theme fatty 930:934 arg1 iso-C15:0 959:967 iso-C15:0 959:967 iso-C15:0 959:967 The major cellular fatty acids were found to be iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C14:0, and the polar lipids to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 26452774 6 11 theme fatty 930:934 arg1 acids 936:940 The major cellular fatty acids 911:940 The major cellular fatty acids 911:940 The major cellular fatty acids were found to be iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C14:0, and the polar lipids to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 26452774 3 12 theme WCC 442:444 arg1 T 451:451 T 451:451 T 451:451 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 3 12 theme WCC 442:444 arg1 4585 446:449 Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585 422:449 Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T) 422:452 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 2 13 attach isolated 169:176 arg2 bacterium 135:143 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium 70:143 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium 70:143 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 2 13 attach isolated 169:176 arg1 sample 190:195 a soil sample 183:195 a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China 183:268 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 2 13 attach isolated 169:176 arg2 BZ1 157:159 designated BZ1 146:159 designated BZ1(T) 146:162 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 3 14 theme 16S 287:289 arg1 analysis 310:317 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 287:317 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 287:317 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 5 15 theme strain 805:810 arg1 T 816:816 T 816:816 T 816:816 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 5 15 theme strain 805:810 arg1 BZ1 812:814 strain BZ1 805:814 strain BZ1(T) 805:817 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 3 16 dep analysis 310:317 arg1 basis 278:282 basis 278:282 basis 278:282 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 3 16 dep analysis 310:317 arg1 the 274:276 the 274:276 the 274:276 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 7 17 theme G + C 1150:1154 arg1 % 1172:1172 a DNA G + C content 44.5 mol% 1144:1172 a DNA G + C content 44.5 mol% 1144:1172 The novel strain was found to have a DNA G + C content 44.5 mol%. 26452774 9 18 theme depressus 1425:1433 arg1 sp 1435:1436 Bacillus depressus sp 1416:1436 the name Bacillus depressus sp 1407:1436 Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, it is concluded that strain BZ1(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus depressus sp. 26452774 3 19 with H2 480:481 arg1 similarity 597:606 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity 560:606 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity 560:606 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 2 20 theme aerobic 127:133 arg1 BZ1 157:159 designated BZ1 146:159 designated BZ1(T) 146:162 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 2 20 theme aerobic 127:133 arg1 bacterium 135:143 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium 70:143 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium 70:143 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 7 21 theme novel 1113:1117 arg1 strain 1119:1124 The novel strain 1109:1124 The novel strain 1109:1124 The novel strain was found to have a DNA G + C content 44.5 mol%. 26452774 3 22 theme Bacillus 422:429 arg1 T 451:451 T 451:451 T 451:451 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 3 22 theme Bacillus 422:429 arg1 4585 446:449 Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585 422:449 Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T) 422:452 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 3 23 dep Bacillus 455:462 arg1 oceanisediminis 464:478 oceanisediminis 464:478 oceanisediminis 464:478 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 4 24 theme optimum 738:744 arg1 NaCl 732:735 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl 718:735 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5 %) 718:751 Strain BZ1(T) was found to grow at 6-40 °C (optimum 30-33 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5 %). 26452774 4 24 theme optimum 738:744 arg1 % 750:750 optimum 0.5 % 738:750 optimum 0.5 % 738:750 Strain BZ1(T) was found to grow at 6-40 °C (optimum 30-33 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5 %). 26452774 7 25 theme content 1156:1162 arg1 % 1172:1172 a DNA G + C content 44.5 mol% 1144:1172 a DNA G + C content 44.5 mol% 1144:1172 The novel strain was found to have a DNA G + C content 44.5 mol%. 26452774 1 26 theme sunflower 53:61 arg1 field 63:67 a sunflower field 51:67 a sunflower field 51:67 nov., isolated from soil of a sunflower field. 26452774 0 27 theme depressus 9:17 arg1 sp 19:20 Bacillus depressus sp 0:20 Bacillus depressus sp. 0:21 Bacillus depressus sp. 26452774 2 28 theme endospore-forming 105:121 arg1 BZ1 157:159 designated BZ1 146:159 designated BZ1(T) 146:162 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 2 28 theme endospore-forming 105:121 arg1 bacterium 135:143 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium 70:143 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium 70:143 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 9 29 theme chemotaxonomic 1273:1286 arg1 results 1288:1294 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1244:1294 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1244:1294 Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, it is concluded that strain BZ1(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus depressus sp. 26452774 1 30 theme field 63:67 arg1 soil 43:46 soil 43:46 soil of a sunflower field 43:67 nov., isolated from soil of a sunflower field. 26452774 5 31 theme BZ1 812:814 arg1 peptidoglycan 788:800 the peptidoglycan 784:800 the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) 784:817 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 11 32 theme = CGMCC 1471:1477 arg1 T 1503:1503 T 1503:1503 T 1503:1503 The type strain is BZ1(T) (= CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643(T)). 26452774 11 32 theme = CGMCC 1471:1477 arg1 33643 1497:1501 = CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643 1471:1501 = CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643(T) 1471:1504 The type strain is BZ1(T) (= CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643(T)). 26452774 0 33 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 19:20 Bacillus depressus sp 0:20 Bacillus depressus sp. 0:21 Bacillus depressus sp. 26452774 5 34 theme predominant 870:880 arg1 acid 776:779 The cell wall diamino acid 754:779 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) 754:817 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 5 34 theme predominant 870:880 arg1 quinone 894:900 the predominant respiratory quinone 866:900 the predominant respiratory quinone 866:900 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 2 35 theme Inner 248:252 arg1 county 240:245 county 240:245 county 240:245 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 2 35 theme Inner 248:252 arg1 Mongolia 254:261 Inner Mongolia 248:261 Inner Mongolia 248:261 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 3 36 dep Bacillus 370:377 arg1 the 360:362 the 360:362 the 360:362 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 3 37 theme rRNA 291:294 arg1 analysis 310:317 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 287:317 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 287:317 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 5 38 theme respiratory 882:892 arg1 acid 776:779 The cell wall diamino acid 754:779 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) 754:817 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 5 38 theme respiratory 882:892 arg1 quinone 894:900 the predominant respiratory quinone 866:900 the predominant respiratory quinone 866:900 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 6 39 theme cellular 921:928 arg1 iso-C15:0 959:967 iso-C15:0 959:967 iso-C15:0 959:967 The major cellular fatty acids were found to be iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C14:0, and the polar lipids to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 26452774 6 39 theme cellular 921:928 arg1 acids 936:940 The major cellular fatty acids 911:940 The major cellular fatty acids 911:940 The major cellular fatty acids were found to be iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C14:0, and the polar lipids to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 26452774 5 40 theme cell 758:761 arg1 MK-7 905:908 MK-7 905:908 MK-7 905:908 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 5 40 theme cell 758:761 arg1 acid 776:779 The cell wall diamino acid 754:779 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) 754:817 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 5 40 theme cell 758:761 arg1 quinone 894:900 the predominant respiratory quinone 866:900 the predominant respiratory quinone 866:900 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 5 40 theme cell 758:761 arg1 acid 857:860 meso-diaminopimelic acid 837:860 meso-diaminopimelic acid 837:860 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 3 41 with FJAT-13985 504:513 arg1 similarity 597:606 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity 560:606 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity 560:606 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 3 42 theme gene 296:299 arg1 analysis 310:317 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 287:317 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 287:317 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 9 43 theme phenotypic 1244:1253 arg1 results 1288:1294 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1244:1294 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1244:1294 Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, it is concluded that strain BZ1(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus depressus sp. 26452774 9 44 dep name 1411:1414 arg1 sp 1435:1436 Bacillus depressus sp 1416:1436 the name Bacillus depressus sp 1407:1436 Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, it is concluded that strain BZ1(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus depressus sp. 26452774 2 45 theme soil 185:188 arg1 sample 190:195 a soil sample 183:195 a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China 183:268 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 11 46 theme 1.15124 1479:1485 arg1 T 1503:1503 T 1503:1503 T 1503:1503 The type strain is BZ1(T) (= CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643(T)). 26452774 11 46 theme 1.15124 1479:1485 arg1 33643 1497:1501 = CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643 1471:1501 = CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643(T) 1471:1504 The type strain is BZ1(T) (= CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643(T)). 26452774 2 47 theme Gram-stain 72:81 arg1 BZ1 157:159 designated BZ1 146:159 designated BZ1(T) 146:162 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 2 47 theme Gram-stain 72:81 arg1 bacterium 135:143 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium 70:143 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium 70:143 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 4 48 theme optimum 698:704 arg1 pH 686:687 pH 6.0-9.0 686:695 pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) 686:712 Strain BZ1(T) was found to grow at 6-40 °C (optimum 30-33 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5 %). 26452774 4 48 theme optimum 698:704 arg1 pH 706:707 optimum pH 7.0 698:711 optimum pH 7.0 698:711 Strain BZ1(T) was found to grow at 6-40 °C (optimum 30-33 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5 %). 26452774 2 49 theme designated 146:155 arg1 BZ1 157:159 designated BZ1 146:159 designated BZ1(T) 146:162 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 2 49 theme designated 146:155 arg1 T 161:161 T 161:161 T 161:161 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 2 49 theme designated 146:155 arg1 bacterium 135:143 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium 70:143 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium 70:143 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 7 50 theme DNA 1146:1148 arg1 % 1172:1172 a DNA G + C content 44.5 mol% 1144:1172 a DNA G + C content 44.5 mol% 1144:1172 The novel strain was found to have a DNA G + C content 44.5 mol%. 26452774 3 51 dep Bacillus 487:494 arg1 mesonae 496:502 mesonae 496:502 mesonae 496:502 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 4 52 theme 0.5  746:749 arg1 NaCl 732:735 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl 718:735 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5 %) 718:751 Strain BZ1(T) was found to grow at 6-40 °C (optimum 30-33 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5 %). 26452774 4 52 theme 0.5  746:749 arg1 % 750:750 optimum 0.5 % 738:750 optimum 0.5 % 738:750 Strain BZ1(T) was found to grow at 6-40 °C (optimum 30-33 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5 %). 26452774 3 53 theme sequence 588:595 arg1 similarity 597:606 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity 560:606 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity 560:606 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 6 54 theme polar 1007:1011 arg1 lipids 1013:1018 the polar lipids 1003:1018 the polar lipids 1003:1018 The major cellular fatty acids were found to be iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C14:0, and the polar lipids to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 26452774 4 55 theme % 724:724 arg1 NaCl 732:735 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl 718:735 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5 %) 718:751 Strain BZ1(T) was found to grow at 6-40 °C (optimum 30-33 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5 %). 26452774 4 55 theme % 724:724 arg1 % 750:750 optimum 0.5 % 738:750 optimum 0.5 % 738:750 Strain BZ1(T) was found to grow at 6-40 °C (optimum 30-33 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5 %). 26452774 3 56 theme Bacillus 455:462 arg1 H2 480:481 Bacillus oceanisediminis H2 455:481 Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T) 455:484 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 3 56 theme Bacillus 455:462 arg1 T 483:483 T 483:483 T 483:483 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 9 57 theme Bacillus 1416:1423 arg1 sp 1435:1436 Bacillus depressus sp 1416:1436 the name Bacillus depressus sp 1407:1436 Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, it is concluded that strain BZ1(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus depressus sp. 26452774 11 58 theme  = KCTC 1489:1495 arg1 T 1503:1503 T 1503:1503 T 1503:1503 The type strain is BZ1(T) (= CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643(T)). 26452774 11 58 theme  = KCTC 1489:1495 arg1 33643 1497:1501 = CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643 1471:1501 = CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643(T) 1471:1504 The type strain is BZ1(T) (= CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643(T)). 26452774 3 59 with 4585 446:449 arg1 similarity 597:606 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity 560:606 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity 560:606 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 11 60 theme type 1448:1451 arg1 BZ1 1463:1465 BZ1 1463:1465 BZ1(T) (= CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643(T)) 1463:1505 The type strain is BZ1(T) (= CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643(T)). 26452774 11 60 theme type 1448:1451 arg1 strain 1453:1458 The type strain 1444:1458 The type strain 1444:1458 The type strain is BZ1(T) (= CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643(T)). 26452774 3 61 theme Bacillus 522:529 arg1 T 552:552 T 552:552 T 552:552 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 3 61 theme Bacillus 522:529 arg1 23495 546:550 Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495 522:550 Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) 522:553 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 5 62 theme wall 763:766 arg1 MK-7 905:908 MK-7 905:908 MK-7 905:908 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 5 62 theme wall 763:766 arg1 acid 776:779 The cell wall diamino acid 754:779 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) 754:817 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 5 62 theme wall 763:766 arg1 quinone 894:900 the predominant respiratory quinone 866:900 the predominant respiratory quinone 866:900 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 5 62 theme wall 763:766 arg1 acid 857:860 meso-diaminopimelic acid 837:860 meso-diaminopimelic acid 837:860 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 5 63 theme meso-diaminopimelic 837:855 arg1 acid 776:779 The cell wall diamino acid 754:779 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) 754:817 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 5 63 theme meso-diaminopimelic 837:855 arg1 acid 857:860 meso-diaminopimelic acid 837:860 meso-diaminopimelic acid 837:860 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 3 64 theme close 387:391 arg1 relatives 406:414 the close phylogenetic relatives 383:414 the close phylogenetic relatives 383:414 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 2 65 from field 224:228 arg1 China 264:268 China 264:268 China 264:268 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 2 65 from field 224:228 arg1 county 240:245 county 240:245 county 240:245 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 2 65 from field 224:228 arg1 Mongolia 254:261 Inner Mongolia 248:261 Inner Mongolia 248:261 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 3 66 theme % 586:586 arg1 similarity 597:606 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity 560:606 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity 560:606 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 9 67 theme strain 1318:1323 arg1 T 1329:1329 T 1329:1329 T 1329:1329 Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, it is concluded that strain BZ1(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus depressus sp. 26452774 9 67 theme strain 1318:1323 arg1 BZ1 1325:1327 strain BZ1 1318:1327 strain BZ1(T) 1318:1330 Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, it is concluded that strain BZ1(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus depressus sp. 26452774 3 68 theme horneckiae 531:540 arg1 T 552:552 T 552:552 T 552:552 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 3 68 theme horneckiae 531:540 arg1 23495 546:550 Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495 522:550 Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) 522:553 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 6 69 theme major 915:919 arg1 iso-C15:0 959:967 iso-C15:0 959:967 iso-C15:0 959:967 The major cellular fatty acids were found to be iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C14:0, and the polar lipids to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 26452774 6 69 theme major 915:919 arg1 acids 936:940 The major cellular fatty acids 911:940 The major cellular fatty acids 911:940 The major cellular fatty acids were found to be iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C14:0, and the polar lipids to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 26452774 5 70 theme peptidoglycan 788:800 arg1 MK-7 905:908 MK-7 905:908 MK-7 905:908 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 5 70 theme peptidoglycan 788:800 arg1 acid 776:779 The cell wall diamino acid 754:779 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) 754:817 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 5 70 theme peptidoglycan 788:800 arg1 quinone 894:900 the predominant respiratory quinone 866:900 the predominant respiratory quinone 866:900 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 5 70 theme peptidoglycan 788:800 arg1 acid 857:860 meso-diaminopimelic acid 837:860 meso-diaminopimelic acid 837:860 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 3 71 theme Bacillus 370:377 arg1 isolate 324:330 the isolate 320:330 the isolate 320:330 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 3 71 theme Bacillus 370:377 arg1 member 350:355 a member 348:355 a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively 348:620 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 3 72 theme gottheilii 431:440 arg1 T 451:451 T 451:451 T 451:451 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 3 72 theme gottheilii 431:440 arg1 4585 446:449 Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585 422:449 Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T) 422:452 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 5 73 theme diamino 768:774 arg1 MK-7 905:908 MK-7 905:908 MK-7 905:908 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 5 73 theme diamino 768:774 arg1 acid 776:779 The cell wall diamino acid 754:779 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) 754:817 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 5 73 theme diamino 768:774 arg1 quinone 894:900 the predominant respiratory quinone 866:900 the predominant respiratory quinone 866:900 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 5 73 theme diamino 768:774 arg1 acid 857:860 meso-diaminopimelic acid 837:860 meso-diaminopimelic acid 837:860 The cell wall diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain BZ1(T) was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-7. 26452774 3 74 theme Bacillus 487:494 arg1 T 515:515 T 515:515 T 515:515 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 3 74 theme Bacillus 487:494 arg1 FJAT-13985 504:513 Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985 487:513 Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) 487:516 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 8 75 theme related 1210:1216 arg1 strains 1218:1224 closely related strains 1202:1224 closely related strains 1202:1224 DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related strains was low. 26452774 8 76 theme DNA-DNA 1175:1181 arg1 hybridization 1183:1195 DNA-DNA hybridization 1175:1195 DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related strains 1175:1224 DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related strains was low. 26452774 11 77 theme T 1487:1487 arg1 T 1503:1503 T 1503:1503 T 1503:1503 The type strain is BZ1(T) (= CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643(T)). 26452774 11 77 theme T 1487:1487 arg1 33643 1497:1501 = CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643 1471:1501 = CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643(T) 1471:1504 The type strain is BZ1(T) (= CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643(T)). 26452774 4 78 theme Strain 623:628 arg1 T 634:634 T 634:634 T 634:634 Strain BZ1(T) was found to grow at 6-40 °C (optimum 30-33 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5 %). 26452774 4 78 theme Strain 623:628 arg1 BZ1 630:632 Strain BZ1 623:632 Strain BZ1(T) 623:635 Strain BZ1(T) was found to grow at 6-40 °C (optimum 30-33 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5 %). 26452774 8 79 with hybridization 1183:1195 arg1 strains 1218:1224 closely related strains 1202:1224 closely related strains 1202:1224 DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related strains was low. 26452774 9 80 theme phylogenetic 1256:1267 arg1 results 1288:1294 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1244:1294 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1244:1294 Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, it is concluded that strain BZ1(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus depressus sp. 26452774 2 81 theme sunflower 214:222 arg1 field 224:228 a sunflower field 212:228 a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China 212:268 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and aerobic bacterium, designated BZ1(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from a sunflower field in Wuyuan county, Inner Mongolia, China. 26452774 11 82 dep BZ1 1463:1465 arg1 T 1503:1503 T 1503:1503 T 1503:1503 The type strain is BZ1(T) (= CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643(T)). 26452774 11 82 dep BZ1 1463:1465 arg1 33643 1497:1501 = CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643 1471:1501 = CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643(T) 1471:1504 The type strain is BZ1(T) (= CGMCC 1.15124(T) = KCTC 33643(T)). 26452774 3 83 theme sequence 301:308 arg1 analysis 310:317 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 287:317 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 287:317 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the genus Bacillus and the close phylogenetic relatives to be Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585(T), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus mesonae FJAT-13985(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with 98.3, 98.1, 98.0 and 97.6 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26452774 7 84 contain have 1139:1142 arg1 strain 1119:1124 The novel strain 1109:1124 The novel strain 1109:1124 The novel strain was found to have a DNA G + C content 44.5 mol%. 26452774 7 84 contain have 1139:1142 arg2 % 1172:1172 a DNA G + C content 44.5 mol% 1144:1172 a DNA G + C content 44.5 mol% 1144:1172 The novel strain was found to have a DNA G + C content 44.5 mol%. 26348780 3 0 theme leaf 299:302 arg1 composition 224:234 chemical composition 215:234 chemical composition 215:234 This study investigated the chemical composition and antitumour potential of the essential oil of A. vepretorum leaf alone and complexed with β-cyclodextrin in a microencapsulation. 26348780 3 0 theme leaf 299:302 arg1 potential 251:259 antitumour potential 240:259 antitumour potential 240:259 This study investigated the chemical composition and antitumour potential of the essential oil of A. vepretorum leaf alone and complexed with β-cyclodextrin in a microencapsulation. 26348780 5 1 theme alamar 640:645 arg1 assay 652:656 the alamar blue assay 636:656 the alamar blue assay 636:656 In vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil and some of its major constituents in tumour cell lines from different histotypes was evaluated using the alamar blue assay. 26348780 6 2 theme oil 706:708 arg1 efficacy 684:691 the in vivo efficacy 672:691 the in vivo efficacy of essential oil 672:708 Furthermore, the in vivo efficacy of essential oil was demonstrated in mice inoculated with B16-F10 mouse melanoma. 26348780 9 3 theme % 1147:1147 arg1 inhibition 1128:1137 inhibition 1128:1137 inhibition of 34.46% 1128:1147 In vivo tumour growth was inhibited by the treatment with the essential oil (inhibition of 34.46%). 26348780 5 4 theme blue 647:650 arg1 assay 652:656 the alamar blue assay 636:656 the alamar blue assay 636:656 In vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil and some of its major constituents in tumour cell lines from different histotypes was evaluated using the alamar blue assay. 26348780 10 5 theme essential 1190:1198 arg1 oil 1200:1202 the essential oil 1186:1202 the essential oil 1186:1202 Importantly, microencapsulation of the essential oil increased in vivo tumour growth inhibition (inhibition of 62.66%). 26348780 10 6 theme % 1267:1267 arg1 inhibition 1248:1257 inhibition 1248:1257 inhibition of 62.66% 1248:1267 Importantly, microencapsulation of the essential oil increased in vivo tumour growth inhibition (inhibition of 62.66%). 26348780 10 7 theme growth 1229:1234 arg1 inhibition 1236:1245 in vivo tumour growth inhibition 1214:1245 in vivo tumour growth inhibition (inhibition of 62.66%) 1214:1268 Importantly, microencapsulation of the essential oil increased in vivo tumour growth inhibition (inhibition of 62.66%). 26348780 6 8 dep in 676:677 arg1 vivo 679:682 vivo 679:682 vivo 679:682 Furthermore, the in vivo efficacy of essential oil was demonstrated in mice inoculated with B16-F10 mouse melanoma. 26348780 2 9 dep nutritional 155:165 arg1 uses 181:184 uses 181:184 uses 181:184 (Annonaceae), popularly known as 'bruteira', has nutritional and medicinal uses. 26348780 7 10 theme major 963:967 arg1 o-cymene 900:907 o-cymene 900:907 o-cymene (6.24%) 900:915 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 10 theme major 963:967 arg1 spathulenol 830:840 spathulenol 830:840 spathulenol (18.89%) 830:849 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 10 theme major 963:967 arg1 -β-ocimene 855:864 (E)-β-ocimene 852:864 (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%) 852:873 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 10 theme major 963:967 arg1 D 929:929 germacrene D 918:929 germacrene D (3.27%) 918:937 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 10 theme major 963:967 arg1 α-phellandrene 876:889 α-phellandrene 876:889 α-phellandrene (8.08%) 876:897 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 10 theme major 963:967 arg1 bicyclogermacrene 802:818 bicyclogermacrene 802:818 bicyclogermacrene (35.71%) 802:827 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 10 theme major 963:967 arg1 constituents 969:980 major constituents 963:980 major constituents 963:980 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 10 theme major 963:967 arg1 α-pinene 943:950 α-pinene 943:950 α-pinene (2.18%) 943:958 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 5 11 theme different 595:603 arg1 histotypes 605:614 different histotypes 595:614 different histotypes 595:614 In vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil and some of its major constituents in tumour cell lines from different histotypes was evaluated using the alamar blue assay. 26348780 5 12 theme In 491:492 arg1 cytotoxicity 500:511 In vitro cytotoxicity 491:511 In vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil 491:532 In vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil and some of its major constituents in tumour cell lines from different histotypes was evaluated using the alamar blue assay. 26348780 9 13 dep oil 1123:1125 arg1 inhibition 1128:1137 inhibition 1128:1137 inhibition of 34.46% 1128:1147 In vivo tumour growth was inhibited by the treatment with the essential oil (inhibition of 34.46%). 26348780 3 14 dep A. 285:286 arg1 vepretorum 288:297 vepretorum 288:297 vepretorum 288:297 This study investigated the chemical composition and antitumour potential of the essential oil of A. vepretorum leaf alone and complexed with β-cyclodextrin in a microencapsulation. 26348780 6 15 theme essential 696:704 arg1 oil 706:708 essential oil 696:708 essential oil 696:708 Furthermore, the in vivo efficacy of essential oil was demonstrated in mice inoculated with B16-F10 mouse melanoma. 26348780 9 16 theme tumour 1059:1064 arg1 growth 1066:1071 In vivo tumour growth 1051:1071 In vivo tumour growth 1051:1071 In vivo tumour growth was inhibited by the treatment with the essential oil (inhibition of 34.46%). 26348780 8 17 theme promising 1027:1035 arg1 cytotoxicity 1037:1048 promising cytotoxicity 1027:1048 promising cytotoxicity 1027:1048 The essential oil and spathulenol exhibited promising cytotoxicity. 26348780 3 18 theme antitumour 240:249 arg1 potential 251:259 antitumour potential 240:259 antitumour potential 240:259 This study investigated the chemical composition and antitumour potential of the essential oil of A. vepretorum leaf alone and complexed with β-cyclodextrin in a microencapsulation. 26348780 3 19 theme chemical 215:222 arg1 composition 224:234 chemical composition 215:234 chemical composition 215:234 This study investigated the chemical composition and antitumour potential of the essential oil of A. vepretorum leaf alone and complexed with β-cyclodextrin in a microencapsulation. 26348780 8 20 theme essential 987:995 arg1 oil 997:999 The essential oil 983:999 The essential oil 983:999 The essential oil and spathulenol exhibited promising cytotoxicity. 26348780 2 21 contain has 151:153 arg1 Annonaceae 107:116 (Annonaceae) 106:117 (Annonaceae) 106:117 (Annonaceae), popularly known as 'bruteira', has nutritional and medicinal uses. 26348780 2 21 contain has 151:153 arg2 nutritional 155:165 nutritional 155:165 nutritional 155:165 (Annonaceae), popularly known as 'bruteira', has nutritional and medicinal uses. 26348780 2 21 contain has 151:153 arg2 medicinal 171:179 medicinal 171:179 medicinal 171:179 (Annonaceae), popularly known as 'bruteira', has nutritional and medicinal uses. 26348780 0 22 theme Antitumour 0:9 arg1 Activity 11:18 Antitumour Activity 0:18 Antitumour Activity of the Microencapsulation of Annona vepretorum Essential Oil. 0:80 Antitumour Activity of the Microencapsulation of Annona vepretorum Essential Oil. 26348780 10 23 dep in 1214:1215 arg1 vivo 1217:1220 vivo 1217:1220 vivo 1217:1220 Importantly, microencapsulation of the essential oil increased in vivo tumour growth inhibition (inhibition of 62.66%). 26348780 4 24 theme essential 373:381 arg1 oil 383:385 The essential oil 369:385 The essential oil 369:385 The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus and analysed using GC-MS and GC-FID. 26348780 6 25 theme in 676:677 arg1 efficacy 684:691 the in vivo efficacy 672:691 the in vivo efficacy of essential oil 672:708 Furthermore, the in vivo efficacy of essential oil was demonstrated in mice inoculated with B16-F10 mouse melanoma. 26348780 5 26 theme tumour 572:577 arg1 lines 584:588 tumour cell lines 572:588 tumour cell lines from different histotypes 572:614 In vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil and some of its major constituents in tumour cell lines from different histotypes was evaluated using the alamar blue assay. 26348780 5 27 theme cell 579:582 arg1 lines 584:588 tumour cell lines 572:588 tumour cell lines from different histotypes 572:614 In vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil and some of its major constituents in tumour cell lines from different histotypes was evaluated using the alamar blue assay. 26348780 9 28 theme In 1051:1052 arg1 growth 1066:1071 In vivo tumour growth 1051:1071 In vivo tumour growth 1051:1071 In vivo tumour growth was inhibited by the treatment with the essential oil (inhibition of 34.46%). 26348780 7 29 theme essential 779:787 arg1 oil 789:791 The essential oil 775:791 The essential oil 775:791 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 3 30 theme essential 268:276 arg1 oil 278:280 the essential oil 264:280 the essential oil 264:280 This study investigated the chemical composition and antitumour potential of the essential oil of A. vepretorum leaf alone and complexed with β-cyclodextrin in a microencapsulation. 26348780 3 31 from β-cyclodextrin 329:342 arg1 microencapsulation 349:366 a microencapsulation 347:366 a microencapsulation 347:366 This study investigated the chemical composition and antitumour potential of the essential oil of A. vepretorum leaf alone and complexed with β-cyclodextrin in a microencapsulation. 26348780 9 32 with treatment 1094:1102 arg1 oil 1123:1125 the essential oil 1109:1125 the essential oil (inhibition of 34.46%) 1109:1148 In vivo tumour growth was inhibited by the treatment with the essential oil (inhibition of 34.46%). 26348780 0 33 theme Microencapsulation 27:44 arg1 Activity 11:18 Antitumour Activity 0:18 Antitumour Activity of the Microencapsulation of Annona vepretorum Essential Oil. 0:80 Antitumour Activity of the Microencapsulation of Annona vepretorum Essential Oil. 26348780 3 34 dep composition 224:234 arg1 the 211:213 the 211:213 the 211:213 This study investigated the chemical composition and antitumour potential of the essential oil of A. vepretorum leaf alone and complexed with β-cyclodextrin in a microencapsulation. 26348780 6 35 theme B16-F10 751:757 arg1 melanoma 765:772 B16-F10 mouse melanoma 751:772 B16-F10 mouse melanoma 751:772 Furthermore, the in vivo efficacy of essential oil was demonstrated in mice inoculated with B16-F10 mouse melanoma. 26348780 0 36 theme vepretorum 56:65 arg1 Oil 77:79 Annona vepretorum Essential Oil 49:79 Annona vepretorum Essential Oil 49:79 Antitumour Activity of the Microencapsulation of Annona vepretorum Essential Oil. 26348780 3 37 theme A. 285:286 arg1 leaf 299:302 A. vepretorum leaf 285:302 A. vepretorum leaf alone 285:308 This study investigated the chemical composition and antitumour potential of the essential oil of A. vepretorum leaf alone and complexed with β-cyclodextrin in a microencapsulation. 26348780 7 38 theme germacrene 918:927 arg1 o-cymene 900:907 o-cymene 900:907 o-cymene (6.24%) 900:915 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 38 theme germacrene 918:927 arg1 spathulenol 830:840 spathulenol 830:840 spathulenol (18.89%) 830:849 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 38 theme germacrene 918:927 arg1 -β-ocimene 855:864 (E)-β-ocimene 852:864 (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%) 852:873 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 38 theme germacrene 918:927 arg1 D 929:929 germacrene D 918:929 germacrene D (3.27%) 918:937 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 38 theme germacrene 918:927 arg1 α-phellandrene 876:889 α-phellandrene 876:889 α-phellandrene (8.08%) 876:897 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 38 theme germacrene 918:927 arg1 % 936:936 3.27% 932:936 3.27% 932:936 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 38 theme germacrene 918:927 arg1 bicyclogermacrene 802:818 bicyclogermacrene 802:818 bicyclogermacrene (35.71%) 802:827 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 38 theme germacrene 918:927 arg1 constituents 969:980 major constituents 963:980 major constituents 963:980 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 38 theme germacrene 918:927 arg1 α-pinene 943:950 α-pinene 943:950 α-pinene (2.18%) 943:958 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 0 39 theme Annona 49:54 arg1 Oil 77:79 Annona vepretorum Essential Oil 49:79 Annona vepretorum Essential Oil 49:79 Antitumour Activity of the Microencapsulation of Annona vepretorum Essential Oil. 26348780 9 40 theme essential 1113:1121 arg1 oil 1123:1125 the essential oil 1109:1125 the essential oil (inhibition of 34.46%) 1109:1148 In vivo tumour growth was inhibited by the treatment with the essential oil (inhibition of 34.46%). 26348780 5 41 dep In 491:492 arg1 vitro 494:498 vitro 494:498 vitro 494:498 In vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil and some of its major constituents in tumour cell lines from different histotypes was evaluated using the alamar blue assay. 26348780 6 42 theme mouse 759:763 arg1 melanoma 765:772 B16-F10 mouse melanoma 751:772 B16-F10 mouse melanoma 751:772 Furthermore, the in vivo efficacy of essential oil was demonstrated in mice inoculated with B16-F10 mouse melanoma. 26348780 3 43 theme oil 278:280 arg1 composition 224:234 chemical composition 215:234 chemical composition 215:234 This study investigated the chemical composition and antitumour potential of the essential oil of A. vepretorum leaf alone and complexed with β-cyclodextrin in a microencapsulation. 26348780 3 43 theme oil 278:280 arg1 potential 251:259 antitumour potential 240:259 antitumour potential 240:259 This study investigated the chemical composition and antitumour potential of the essential oil of A. vepretorum leaf alone and complexed with β-cyclodextrin in a microencapsulation. 26348780 5 44 theme major 550:554 arg1 constituents 556:567 its major constituents 546:567 its major constituents in tumour cell lines from different histotypes 546:614 In vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil and some of its major constituents in tumour cell lines from different histotypes was evaluated using the alamar blue assay. 26348780 5 45 from constituents 556:567 arg1 lines 584:588 tumour cell lines 572:588 tumour cell lines from different histotypes 572:614 In vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil and some of its major constituents in tumour cell lines from different histotypes was evaluated using the alamar blue assay. 26348780 5 45 from constituents 556:567 arg1 histotypes 605:614 different histotypes 595:614 different histotypes 595:614 In vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil and some of its major constituents in tumour cell lines from different histotypes was evaluated using the alamar blue assay. 26348780 10 46 theme in 1214:1215 arg1 inhibition 1236:1245 in vivo tumour growth inhibition 1214:1245 in vivo tumour growth inhibition (inhibition of 62.66%) 1214:1268 Importantly, microencapsulation of the essential oil increased in vivo tumour growth inhibition (inhibition of 62.66%). 26348780 4 47 theme Clevenger-type 429:442 arg1 apparatus 444:452 a Clevenger-type apparatus 427:452 a Clevenger-type apparatus 427:452 The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus and analysed using GC-MS and GC-FID. 26348780 10 48 theme oil 1200:1202 arg1 microencapsulation 1164:1181 microencapsulation 1164:1181 microencapsulation of the essential oil 1164:1202 Importantly, microencapsulation of the essential oil increased in vivo tumour growth inhibition (inhibition of 62.66%). 26348780 10 49 theme tumour 1222:1227 arg1 inhibition 1236:1245 in vivo tumour growth inhibition 1214:1245 in vivo tumour growth inhibition (inhibition of 62.66%) 1214:1268 Importantly, microencapsulation of the essential oil increased in vivo tumour growth inhibition (inhibition of 62.66%). 26348780 7 50 theme E 853:853 arg1 o-cymene 900:907 o-cymene 900:907 o-cymene (6.24%) 900:915 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 50 theme E 853:853 arg1 spathulenol 830:840 spathulenol 830:840 spathulenol (18.89%) 830:849 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 50 theme E 853:853 arg1 constituents 969:980 major constituents 963:980 major constituents 963:980 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 50 theme E 853:853 arg1 D 929:929 germacrene D 918:929 germacrene D (3.27%) 918:937 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 50 theme E 853:853 arg1 α-phellandrene 876:889 α-phellandrene 876:889 α-phellandrene (8.08%) 876:897 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 50 theme E 853:853 arg1 % 872:872 12.46% 867:872 12.46% 867:872 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 50 theme E 853:853 arg1 bicyclogermacrene 802:818 bicyclogermacrene 802:818 bicyclogermacrene (35.71%) 802:827 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 50 theme E 853:853 arg1 -β-ocimene 855:864 (E)-β-ocimene 852:864 (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%) 852:873 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 7 50 theme E 853:853 arg1 α-pinene 943:950 α-pinene 943:950 α-pinene (2.18%) 943:958 The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. 26348780 0 51 theme Oil 77:79 arg1 Microencapsulation 27:44 the Microencapsulation 23:44 the Microencapsulation of Annona vepretorum Essential Oil 23:79 Antitumour Activity of the Microencapsulation of Annona vepretorum Essential Oil. 26348780 5 52 theme essential 520:528 arg1 oil 530:532 the essential oil 516:532 the essential oil 516:532 In vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil and some of its major constituents in tumour cell lines from different histotypes was evaluated using the alamar blue assay. 26348780 9 53 dep In 1051:1052 arg1 vivo 1054:1057 vivo 1054:1057 vivo 1054:1057 In vivo tumour growth was inhibited by the treatment with the essential oil (inhibition of 34.46%). 26348780 0 54 theme Essential 67:75 arg1 Oil 77:79 Annona vepretorum Essential Oil 49:79 Annona vepretorum Essential Oil 49:79 Antitumour Activity of the Microencapsulation of Annona vepretorum Essential Oil. 26348780 5 55 theme oil 530:532 arg1 cytotoxicity 500:511 In vitro cytotoxicity 491:511 In vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil 491:532 In vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil and some of its major constituents in tumour cell lines from different histotypes was evaluated using the alamar blue assay. 26348780 5 56 from histotypes 605:614 arg1 constituents 556:567 its major constituents 546:567 its major constituents in tumour cell lines from different histotypes 546:614 In vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil and some of its major constituents in tumour cell lines from different histotypes was evaluated using the alamar blue assay. 26348780 5 56 from histotypes 605:614 arg1 lines 584:588 tumour cell lines 572:588 tumour cell lines from different histotypes 572:614 In vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil and some of its major constituents in tumour cell lines from different histotypes was evaluated using the alamar blue assay. 26348780 10 57 dep inhibition 1236:1245 arg1 inhibition 1248:1257 inhibition 1248:1257 inhibition of 62.66% 1248:1267 Importantly, microencapsulation of the essential oil increased in vivo tumour growth inhibition (inhibition of 62.66%). 26297235 2 0 theme Gram-staining-positive 140:161 arg1 actinobacterium 163:177 A novel γ-radiation-resistant and Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium 106:177 A novel γ-radiation-resistant and Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium designated BMG 8133T 106:198 A novel γ-radiation-resistant and Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium designated BMG 8133T was isolated from a limestone collected in the Sahara desert of Tunisia. 26297235 12 1 theme phenotypic 1079:1088 arg1 results 1090:1096 phenotypic results 1079:1096 phenotypic results 1079:1096 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BMG 8133T is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus sabuli sp. 26297235 14 2 theme  = DSM 1257:1262 arg1 8820T 1278:1282  = DSM 46844T = CECT 8820T 1257:1282  = DSM 46844T = CECT 8820T 1257:1282 The type strain is BMG 8133T ( = DSM 46844T = CECT 8820T). 26297235 14 2 theme  = DSM 1257:1262 arg1 8133T 1250:1254 BMG 8133T 1246:1254 BMG 8133T ( = DSM 46844T = CECT 8820T) 1246:1283 The type strain is BMG 8133T ( = DSM 46844T = CECT 8820T). 26297235 11 3 theme sequence 1014:1021 arg1 identity 1023:1030 highest sequence identity 1006:1030 highest sequence identity 1006:1030 The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed highest sequence identity with Geodermatophilus ruber (98.3 %). 26297235 4 4 theme Geodermatophilus 477:492 arg1 members 456:462 members 456:462 members of the genus Geodermatophilus 456:492 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 26297235 2 5 theme γ-radiation-resistant 114:134 arg1 actinobacterium 163:177 A novel γ-radiation-resistant and Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium 106:177 A novel γ-radiation-resistant and Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium designated BMG 8133T 106:198 A novel γ-radiation-resistant and Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium designated BMG 8133T was isolated from a limestone collected in the Sahara desert of Tunisia. 26297235 9 6 theme major 828:832 arg1 acids 885:889 branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 860:917 branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 860:917 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297235 9 6 theme major 828:832 arg1 acids 849:853 The major cellular fatty acids 824:853 The major cellular fatty acids 824:853 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297235 9 7 theme cellular 834:841 arg1 acids 885:889 branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 860:917 branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 860:917 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297235 9 7 theme cellular 834:841 arg1 acids 849:853 The major cellular fatty acids 824:853 The major cellular fatty acids 824:853 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297235 5 8 theme diamino 562:568 arg1 acid 570:573 diagnostic diamino acid 551:573 diagnostic diamino acid 551:573 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid. 26297235 11 9 theme highest 1006:1012 arg1 identity 1023:1030 highest sequence identity 1006:1030 highest sequence identity 1006:1030 The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed highest sequence identity with Geodermatophilus ruber (98.3 %). 26297235 6 10 theme polar 585:589 arg1 lipids 591:596 The main polar lipids 576:596 The main polar lipids 576:596 The main polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unspecified glycolipid. 26297235 6 10 theme polar 585:589 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 603:621 phosphatidylcholine 603:621 phosphatidylcholine 603:621 The main polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unspecified glycolipid. 26297235 14 11 theme type 1231:1234 arg1 strain 1236:1241 The type strain 1227:1241 The type strain 1227:1241 The type strain is BMG 8133T ( = DSM 46844T = CECT 8820T). 26297235 14 11 theme type 1231:1234 arg1 8133T 1250:1254 BMG 8133T 1246:1254 BMG 8133T ( = DSM 46844T = CECT 8820T) 1246:1283 The type strain is BMG 8133T ( = DSM 46844T = CECT 8820T). 26297235 9 12 dep acids 885:889 arg1 iso-C16  891:898 iso-C16  891:898 iso-C16  891:898 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297235 6 13 theme main 580:583 arg1 lipids 591:596 The main polar lipids 576:596 The main polar lipids 576:596 The main polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unspecified glycolipid. 26297235 6 13 theme main 580:583 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 603:621 phosphatidylcholine 603:621 phosphatidylcholine 603:621 The main polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unspecified glycolipid. 26297235 2 14 theme BMG 190:192 arg1 8133T 194:198 BMG 8133T 190:198 BMG 8133T 190:198 A novel γ-radiation-resistant and Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium designated BMG 8133T was isolated from a limestone collected in the Sahara desert of Tunisia. 26297235 3 15 theme dry 293:295 arg1 colonies 308:315 dry, pale-pink colonies 293:315 dry, pale-pink colonies 293:315 The strain produced dry, pale-pink colonies with an optimum growth at 35–40 °C and pH 6.5–8.0. 26297235 1 16 theme desert 88:93 arg1 limestone 95:103 desert limestone 88:103 desert limestone 88:103 nov., a γ-radiation-resistant actinobacterium isolated from desert limestone. 26297235 9 17 dep iso-C16  891:898 arg1  0 900:901  0 900:901  0 900:901 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297235 9 17 dep iso-C16  891:898 arg1  0 916:917  0 916:917  0 916:917 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297235 9 17 dep iso-C16  891:898 arg1 iso-C15  907:914 iso-C15  907:914 iso-C15  907:914 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297235 12 18 theme strain 1135:1140 arg1 8133T 1146:1150 strain BMG 8133T 1135:1150 strain BMG 8133T 1135:1150 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BMG 8133T is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus sabuli sp. 26297235 9 19 theme saturated 875:883 arg1 acids 885:889 branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 860:917 branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 860:917 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297235 9 19 theme saturated 875:883 arg1 acids 849:853 The major cellular fatty acids 824:853 The major cellular fatty acids 824:853 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297235 0 20 theme Geodermatophilus 0:15 arg1 sabuli 17:22 Geodermatophilus sabuli 0:22 Geodermatophilus sabuli 0:22 Geodermatophilus sabuli sp. 26297235 2 21 theme Sahara 247:252 arg1 desert 254:259 the Sahara desert 243:259 the Sahara desert of Tunisia 243:270 A novel γ-radiation-resistant and Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium designated BMG 8133T was isolated from a limestone collected in the Sahara desert of Tunisia. 26297235 5 22 theme meso-diaminopimelic 523:541 arg1 acid 543:546 meso-diaminopimelic acid 523:546 meso-diaminopimelic acid 523:546 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid. 26297235 12 23 theme BMG 1142:1144 arg1 8133T 1146:1150 strain BMG 8133T 1135:1150 strain BMG 8133T 1135:1150 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BMG 8133T is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus sabuli sp. 26297235 6 24 theme unspecified 703:713 arg1 glycolipid 715:724 one unspecified glycolipid 699:724 one unspecified glycolipid 699:724 The main polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unspecified glycolipid. 26297235 12 25 theme 16S 1102:1104 arg1 analysis 1125:1132 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1102:1132 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1102:1132 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BMG 8133T is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus sabuli sp. 26297235 4 26 theme isolate 420:426 arg1 characteristics 397:411 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics 368:411 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate 368:426 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 26297235 9 27 theme branched-chain 860:873 arg1 acids 885:889 branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 860:917 branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 860:917 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297235 9 27 theme branched-chain 860:873 arg1 acids 849:853 The major cellular fatty acids 824:853 The major cellular fatty acids 824:853 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297235 8 28 theme diagnostic 805:814 arg1 sugars 816:821 diagnostic sugars 805:821 diagnostic sugars 805:821 Galactose and glucose were detected as diagnostic sugars. 26297235 8 28 theme diagnostic 805:814 arg1 glucose 780:786 glucose 780:786 glucose 780:786 Galactose and glucose were detected as diagnostic sugars. 26297235 8 28 theme diagnostic 805:814 arg1 Galactose 766:774 Galactose 766:774 Galactose 766:774 Galactose and glucose were detected as diagnostic sugars. 26297235 9 29 theme fatty 843:847 arg1 acids 885:889 branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 860:917 branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 860:917 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297235 9 29 theme fatty 843:847 arg1 acids 849:853 The major cellular fatty acids 824:853 The major cellular fatty acids 824:853 The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26297235 11 30 theme Geodermatophilus 1037:1052 arg1 ruber 1054:1058 Geodermatophilus ruber 1037:1058 Geodermatophilus ruber (98.3 %) 1037:1067 The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed highest sequence identity with Geodermatophilus ruber (98.3 %). 26297235 11 30 theme Geodermatophilus 1037:1052 arg1 % 1066:1066 98.3 % 1061:1066 98.3 % 1061:1066 The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed highest sequence identity with Geodermatophilus ruber (98.3 %). 26297235 12 31 theme gene 1111:1114 arg1 analysis 1125:1132 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1102:1132 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1102:1132 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BMG 8133T is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus sabuli sp. 26297235 10 32 theme G+C 928:930 arg1 % 969:969 74.5 % 964:969 74.5 % 964:969 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 74.5 %. 26297235 10 32 theme G+C 928:930 arg1 content 932:938 The DNA G+C content 920:938 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain 920:958 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 74.5 %. 26297235 5 33 contain contained 513:521 arg1 peptidoglycan 499:511 The peptidoglycan 495:511 The peptidoglycan 495:511 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid. 26297235 5 33 contain contained 513:521 arg2 acid 543:546 meso-diaminopimelic acid 523:546 meso-diaminopimelic acid 523:546 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid. 26297235 5 34 theme diagnostic 551:560 arg1 acid 570:573 diagnostic diamino acid 551:573 diagnostic diamino acid 551:573 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid. 26297235 2 35 attach isolated 204:211 arg1 limestone 220:228 a limestone 218:228 a limestone collected in the Sahara desert of Tunisia 218:270 A novel γ-radiation-resistant and Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium designated BMG 8133T was isolated from a limestone collected in the Sahara desert of Tunisia. 26297235 2 35 attach isolated 204:211 arg2 actinobacterium 163:177 A novel γ-radiation-resistant and Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium 106:177 A novel γ-radiation-resistant and Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium designated BMG 8133T 106:198 A novel γ-radiation-resistant and Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium designated BMG 8133T was isolated from a limestone collected in the Sahara desert of Tunisia. 26297235 2 36 theme novel 108:112 arg1 actinobacterium 163:177 A novel γ-radiation-resistant and Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium 106:177 A novel γ-radiation-resistant and Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium designated BMG 8133T 106:198 A novel γ-radiation-resistant and Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium designated BMG 8133T was isolated from a limestone collected in the Sahara desert of Tunisia. 26297235 12 37 theme rRNA 1106:1109 arg1 analysis 1125:1132 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1102:1132 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1102:1132 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BMG 8133T is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus sabuli sp. 26297235 2 38 theme Tunisia 264:270 arg1 desert 254:259 the Sahara desert 243:259 the Sahara desert of Tunisia 243:270 A novel γ-radiation-resistant and Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium designated BMG 8133T was isolated from a limestone collected in the Sahara desert of Tunisia. 26297235 12 39 dep sp 1218:1219 arg1 Geodermatophilus 1194:1209 Geodermatophilus 1194:1209 Geodermatophilus 1194:1209 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BMG 8133T is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus sabuli sp. 26297235 10 40 theme DNA 924:926 arg1 % 969:969 74.5 % 964:969 74.5 % 964:969 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 74.5 %. 26297235 10 40 theme DNA 924:926 arg1 content 932:938 The DNA G+C content 920:938 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain 920:958 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 74.5 %. 26297235 12 41 theme novel 1179:1183 arg1 species 1185:1191 a novel species 1177:1191 a novel species 1177:1191 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BMG 8133T is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus sabuli sp. 26297235 14 42 theme BMG 1246:1248 arg1 8820T 1278:1282  = DSM 46844T = CECT 8820T 1257:1282  = DSM 46844T = CECT 8820T 1257:1282 The type strain is BMG 8133T ( = DSM 46844T = CECT 8820T). 26297235 14 42 theme BMG 1246:1248 arg1 strain 1236:1241 The type strain 1227:1241 The type strain 1227:1241 The type strain is BMG 8133T ( = DSM 46844T = CECT 8820T). 26297235 14 42 theme BMG 1246:1248 arg1 8133T 1250:1254 BMG 8133T 1246:1254 BMG 8133T ( = DSM 46844T = CECT 8820T) 1246:1283 The type strain is BMG 8133T ( = DSM 46844T = CECT 8820T). 26297235 4 43 theme Chemotaxonomic 368:381 arg1 characteristics 397:411 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics 368:411 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate 368:426 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 26297235 3 44 dep dry 293:295 arg1 pale-pink 298:306 pale-pink 298:306 pale-pink 298:306 The strain produced dry, pale-pink colonies with an optimum growth at 35–40 °C and pH 6.5–8.0. 26297235 3 45 from 35–40 °C 343:350 arg1 growth 333:338 an optimum growth 322:338 an optimum growth at 35–40 °C and pH 6.5–8.0 322:365 The strain produced dry, pale-pink colonies with an optimum growth at 35–40 °C and pH 6.5–8.0. 26297235 12 46 theme sequence 1116:1123 arg1 analysis 1125:1132 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1102:1132 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1102:1132 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BMG 8133T is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus sabuli sp. 26297235 10 47 theme strain 953:958 arg1 % 969:969 74.5 % 964:969 74.5 % 964:969 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 74.5 %. 26297235 10 47 theme strain 953:958 arg1 content 932:938 The DNA G+C content 920:938 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain 920:958 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 74.5 %. 26297235 14 48 theme 46844T = CECT 1264:1276 arg1 8820T 1278:1282  = DSM 46844T = CECT 8820T 1257:1282  = DSM 46844T = CECT 8820T 1257:1282 The type strain is BMG 8133T ( = DSM 46844T = CECT 8820T). 26297235 14 48 theme 46844T = CECT 1264:1276 arg1 8133T 1250:1254 BMG 8133T 1246:1254 BMG 8133T ( = DSM 46844T = CECT 8820T) 1246:1283 The type strain is BMG 8133T ( = DSM 46844T = CECT 8820T). 26297235 12 49 theme sabuli 1211:1216 arg1 sp 1218:1219 sabuli sp 1211:1219 sabuli sp 1211:1219 Based on phenotypic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BMG 8133T is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus sabuli sp. 26297235 4 50 theme molecular 387:395 arg1 characteristics 397:411 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics 368:411 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate 368:426 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 26297235 10 51 theme novel 947:951 arg1 strain 953:958 the novel strain 943:958 the novel strain 943:958 The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 74.5 %. 26297235 11 52 theme gene 985:988 arg1 sequence 990:997 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 972:997 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 972:997 The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed highest sequence identity with Geodermatophilus ruber (98.3 %). 26297235 3 53 theme optimum 325:331 arg1 growth 333:338 an optimum growth 322:338 an optimum growth at 35–40 °C and pH 6.5–8.0 322:365 The strain produced dry, pale-pink colonies with an optimum growth at 35–40 °C and pH 6.5–8.0. 26297235 3 54 from pH 6.5–8.0 356:365 arg1 growth 333:338 an optimum growth 322:338 an optimum growth at 35–40 °C and pH 6.5–8.0 322:365 The strain produced dry, pale-pink colonies with an optimum growth at 35–40 °C and pH 6.5–8.0. 26297235 0 55 dep sp 24:25 arg1 sabuli 17:22 Geodermatophilus sabuli 0:22 Geodermatophilus sabuli 0:22 Geodermatophilus sabuli sp. 26297235 4 56 theme genus 471:475 arg1 Geodermatophilus 477:492 the genus Geodermatophilus 467:492 the genus Geodermatophilus 467:492 Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. 26297235 11 57 theme 16S 976:978 arg1 rRNA 980:983 16S rRNA 976:983 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 972:997 The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed highest sequence identity with Geodermatophilus ruber (98.3 %). 26297235 7 58 theme dominant 744:751 arg1 MK-9 727:730 MK-9 727:730 MK-9(H4) 727:734 MK-9(H4) was the dominant menaquinone. 26297235 7 58 theme dominant 744:751 arg1 menaquinone 753:763 the dominant menaquinone 740:763 the dominant menaquinone 740:763 MK-9(H4) was the dominant menaquinone. 26297235 1 59 theme γ-radiation-resistant 36:56 arg1 actinobacterium 58:72 a γ-radiation-resistant actinobacterium 34:72 a γ-radiation-resistant actinobacterium 34:72 nov., a γ-radiation-resistant actinobacterium isolated from desert limestone. 26297235 1 59 theme γ-radiation-resistant 36:56 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., a γ-radiation-resistant actinobacterium isolated from desert limestone. 26297235 11 60 theme rRNA 980:983 arg1 sequence 990:997 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 972:997 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 972:997 The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed highest sequence identity with Geodermatophilus ruber (98.3 %). 25716951 11 0 theme novel 1432:1436 arg1 species 1438:1444 a novel species 1430:1444 a novel species 1430:1444 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain SC8A-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides , for which the name Nocardioides deserti sp. 25716951 7 1 theme G+C 946:948 arg1 % 989:989 71 mol% 983:989 71 mol% 983:989 The DNA G+C content of strain SC8A-24(T) was 71 mol%. 25716951 7 1 theme G+C 946:948 arg1 content 950:956 The DNA G+C content 938:956 The DNA G+C content of strain SC8A-24(T) 938:977 The DNA G+C content of strain SC8A-24(T) was 71 mol%. 25716951 11 2 theme Nocardioides 1459:1470 arg1 species 1438:1444 a novel species 1430:1444 a novel species 1430:1444 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain SC8A-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides , for which the name Nocardioides deserti sp. 25716951 6 3 theme genus 741:745 arg1 Nocardioides 747:758 the genus Nocardioides 737:758 the genus Nocardioides 737:758 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SC8A-24(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59(T) (96.51%), N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) and N. ginsengagri BX5-10(T) (96.37%). 25716951 2 4 theme China 309:313 arg1 edge 268:271 the southern edge 255:271 the southern edge of the Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China 255:313 A rod- or coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain SC8A-24(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from the rhizosphere of Alhagi sparsifolia on the southern edge of the Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25716951 2 5 theme coccus-shaped 87:99 arg1 actinobacterium 120:134 A rod- or coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 77:134 A rod- or coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 77:134 A rod- or coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain SC8A-24(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from the rhizosphere of Alhagi sparsifolia on the southern edge of the Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25716951 11 6 theme phylogenetic 1328:1339 arg1 analysis 1341:1348 phylogenetic analysis 1328:1348 phylogenetic analysis 1328:1348 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain SC8A-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides , for which the name Nocardioides deserti sp. 25716951 2 7 theme southern 259:266 arg1 edge 268:271 the southern edge 255:271 the southern edge of the Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China 255:313 A rod- or coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain SC8A-24(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from the rhizosphere of Alhagi sparsifolia on the southern edge of the Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25716951 11 8 theme genus 1453:1457 arg1 Nocardioides 1459:1470 the genus Nocardioides 1449:1470 the genus Nocardioides 1449:1470 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain SC8A-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides , for which the name Nocardioides deserti sp. 25716951 7 9 theme DNA 942:944 arg1 % 989:989 71 mol% 983:989 71 mol% 983:989 The DNA G+C content of strain SC8A-24(T) was 71 mol%. 25716951 7 9 theme DNA 942:944 arg1 content 950:956 The DNA G+C content 938:956 The DNA G+C content of strain SC8A-24(T) 938:977 The DNA G+C content of strain SC8A-24(T) was 71 mol%. 25716951 2 10 dep China 309:313 arg1 Xinjiang 299:306 Xinjiang 299:306 Xinjiang 299:306 A rod- or coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain SC8A-24(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from the rhizosphere of Alhagi sparsifolia on the southern edge of the Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25716951 13 11 theme CGMCC 1584:1588 arg1 SC8A-24 1555:1561 SC8A-24 1555:1561 SC8A-24 1555:1561 The type strain is SC8A-24(T) ( =DSM 26045(T) = CGMCC 4.7183(T)). 25716951 13 11 theme CGMCC 1584:1588 arg1 T 1597:1597  =DSM 26045(T) = CGMCC 4.7183(T) 1567:1598  =DSM 26045(T) = CGMCC 4.7183(T) 1567:1598 The type strain is SC8A-24(T) ( =DSM 26045(T) = CGMCC 4.7183(T)). 25716951 7 12 theme mol 986:988 arg1 % 989:989 71 mol% 983:989 71 mol% 983:989 The DNA G+C content of strain SC8A-24(T) was 71 mol%. 25716951 7 12 theme mol 986:988 arg1 content 950:956 The DNA G+C content 938:956 The DNA G+C content of strain SC8A-24(T) 938:977 The DNA G+C content of strain SC8A-24(T) was 71 mol%. 25716951 2 13 theme strain 148:153 arg1 T 163:163 T 163:163 T 163:163 A rod- or coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain SC8A-24(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from the rhizosphere of Alhagi sparsifolia on the southern edge of the Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25716951 2 13 theme strain 148:153 arg1 SC8A-24 155:161 strain SC8A-24 148:161 strain SC8A-24(T) 148:164 A rod- or coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain SC8A-24(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from the rhizosphere of Alhagi sparsifolia on the southern edge of the Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25716951 1 14 theme desert 64:69 arg1 soil 71:74 desert soil 64:74 desert soil 64:74 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from desert soil. 25716951 13 15 theme 4.7183 1590:1595 arg1 SC8A-24 1555:1561 SC8A-24 1555:1561 SC8A-24 1555:1561 The type strain is SC8A-24(T) ( =DSM 26045(T) = CGMCC 4.7183(T)). 25716951 13 15 theme 4.7183 1590:1595 arg1 T 1597:1597  =DSM 26045(T) = CGMCC 4.7183(T) 1567:1598  =DSM 26045(T) = CGMCC 4.7183(T) 1567:1598 The type strain is SC8A-24(T) ( =DSM 26045(T) = CGMCC 4.7183(T)). 25716951 7 16 theme strain 961:966 arg1 SC8A-24 968:974 strain SC8A-24 961:974 strain SC8A-24(T) 961:977 The DNA G+C content of strain SC8A-24(T) was 71 mol%. 25716951 7 16 theme strain 961:966 arg1 T 976:976 T 976:976 T 976:976 The DNA G+C content of strain SC8A-24(T) was 71 mol%. 25716951 4 17 theme aerial 464:469 arg1 mycelia 471:477 aerial mycelia 464:477 aerial mycelia 464:477 Substrate and aerial mycelia were not observed, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 25716951 10 18 theme fatty 1249:1253 arg1 C17 1266:1268 C17 1266:1268 C17 : 1ω8c, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c 1266:1309 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 25716951 10 18 theme fatty 1249:1253 arg1 acids 1255:1259 The major fatty acids 1239:1259 The major fatty acids 1239:1259 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 25716951 2 19 theme polyphasic 334:343 arg1 approach 345:352 a polyphasic approach 332:352 a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position 332:386 A rod- or coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain SC8A-24(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from the rhizosphere of Alhagi sparsifolia on the southern edge of the Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25716951 0 20 theme deserti 13:19 arg1 sp 21:22 deserti sp 13:22 deserti sp 13:22 Nocardioides deserti sp. 25716951 6 21 theme sequence 797:804 arg1 similarity 806:815 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 771:815 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 771:815 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SC8A-24(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59(T) (96.51%), N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) and N. ginsengagri BX5-10(T) (96.37%). 25716951 10 22 theme major 1243:1247 arg1 C17 1266:1268 C17 1266:1268 C17 : 1ω8c, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c 1266:1309 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 25716951 10 22 theme major 1243:1247 arg1 acids 1255:1259 The major fatty acids 1239:1259 The major fatty acids 1239:1259 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 25716951 6 23 theme Phylogenetic 634:645 arg1 analysis 647:654 Phylogenetic analysis 634:654 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 634:690 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SC8A-24(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59(T) (96.51%), N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) and N. ginsengagri BX5-10(T) (96.37%). 25716951 2 24 dep Alhagi 233:238 arg1 sparsifolia 240:250 Alhagi sparsifolia 233:250 Alhagi sparsifolia 233:250 A rod- or coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain SC8A-24(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from the rhizosphere of Alhagi sparsifolia on the southern edge of the Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25716951 11 25 theme Nocardioides 1493:1504 arg1 sp 1514:1515 the name Nocardioides deserti sp 1484:1515 the name Nocardioides deserti sp 1484:1515 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain SC8A-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides , for which the name Nocardioides deserti sp. 25716951 9 26 theme unidentified 1181:1192 arg1 glycolipid 1194:1203 an unidentified glycolipid 1178:1203 an unidentified glycolipid 1178:1203 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified phospholipid. 25716951 2 27 attach isolated 171:178 arg2 actinobacterium 120:134 A rod- or coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 77:134 A rod- or coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 77:134 A rod- or coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain SC8A-24(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from the rhizosphere of Alhagi sparsifolia on the southern edge of the Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25716951 2 27 attach isolated 171:178 arg1 sample 192:197 a soil sample 185:197 a soil sample collected from the rhizosphere of Alhagi sparsifolia on the southern edge of the Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China 185:313 A rod- or coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain SC8A-24(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from the rhizosphere of Alhagi sparsifolia on the southern edge of the Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25716951 13 28 theme type 1540:1543 arg1 SC8A-24 1555:1561 SC8A-24 1555:1561 SC8A-24 1555:1561 The type strain is SC8A-24(T) ( =DSM 26045(T) = CGMCC 4.7183(T)). 25716951 13 28 theme type 1540:1543 arg1 strain 1545:1550 The type strain 1536:1550 The type strain 1536:1550 The type strain is SC8A-24(T) ( =DSM 26045(T) = CGMCC 4.7183(T)). 25716951 1 29 attach isolated 50:57 arg2 actinobacterium 34:48 an actinobacterium 31:48 an actinobacterium isolated from desert soil 31:74 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from desert soil. 25716951 1 29 attach isolated 50:57 arg1 soil 71:74 desert soil 64:74 desert soil 64:74 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from desert soil. 25716951 2 30 theme taxonomic 369:377 arg1 position 379:386 its taxonomic position 365:386 its taxonomic position 365:386 A rod- or coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain SC8A-24(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from the rhizosphere of Alhagi sparsifolia on the southern edge of the Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25716951 4 31 located observed 530:537 arg1 media 546:550 the media 542:550 the media tested 542:557 Substrate and aerial mycelia were not observed, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 25716951 4 31 located observed 530:537 arg2 pigments 516:523 no diffusible pigments 502:523 no diffusible pigments 502:523 Substrate and aerial mycelia were not observed, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 25716951 6 32 theme gene 792:795 arg1 similarity 806:815 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 771:815 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 771:815 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SC8A-24(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59(T) (96.51%), N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) and N. ginsengagri BX5-10(T) (96.37%). 25716951 10 33 dep C17 1266:1268 arg1 1ω9c 1306:1309 1ω9c 1306:1309 C17 : 1ω8c, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c 1266:1309 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 25716951 10 33 dep C17 1266:1268 arg1 C18 1300:1302 C18 1300:1302 C18 1300:1302 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 25716951 10 33 dep C17 1266:1268 arg1 10-methyl 1278:1286 10-methyl C17 : 0 1278:1294 10-methyl C17 : 0 1278:1294 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 25716951 10 33 dep C17 1266:1268 arg1 1ω8c 1272:1275 1ω8c 1272:1275 1ω8c 1272:1275 The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. 25716951 1 34 dep actinobacterium 34:48 arg1 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from desert soil. 25716951 7 35 theme SC8A-24 968:974 arg1 % 989:989 71 mol% 983:989 71 mol% 983:989 The DNA G+C content of strain SC8A-24(T) was 71 mol%. 25716951 7 35 theme SC8A-24 968:974 arg1 content 950:956 The DNA G+C content 938:956 The DNA G+C content of strain SC8A-24(T) 938:977 The DNA G+C content of strain SC8A-24(T) was 71 mol%. 25716951 9 36 theme major 1108:1112 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1132:1151 phosphatidylglycerol 1132:1151 phosphatidylglycerol 1132:1151 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified phospholipid. 25716951 9 36 theme major 1108:1112 arg1 lipids 1120:1125 The major polar lipids 1104:1125 The major polar lipids 1104:1125 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified phospholipid. 25716951 6 37 theme rRNA 787:790 arg1 similarity 806:815 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 771:815 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 771:815 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SC8A-24(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59(T) (96.51%), N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) and N. ginsengagri BX5-10(T) (96.37%). 25716951 8 38 contain contained 1020:1028 arg1 peptidoglycan 1006:1018 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 992:1018 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 992:1018 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. 25716951 8 38 contain contained 1020:1028 arg2 acid 1052:1055 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 1030:1055 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 1030:1055 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. 25716951 13 39 theme = 1582:1582 arg1 SC8A-24 1555:1561 SC8A-24 1555:1561 SC8A-24 1555:1561 The type strain is SC8A-24(T) ( =DSM 26045(T) = CGMCC 4.7183(T)). 25716951 13 39 theme = 1582:1582 arg1 T 1597:1597  =DSM 26045(T) = CGMCC 4.7183(T) 1567:1598  =DSM 26045(T) = CGMCC 4.7183(T) 1567:1598 The type strain is SC8A-24(T) ( =DSM 26045(T) = CGMCC 4.7183(T)). 25716951 8 40 theme cell-wall 996:1004 arg1 peptidoglycan 1006:1018 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 992:1018 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 992:1018 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. 25716951 6 41 theme 16S 783:785 arg1 similarity 806:815 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 771:815 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 771:815 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SC8A-24(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59(T) (96.51%), N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) and N. ginsengagri BX5-10(T) (96.37%). 25716951 9 42 theme unidentified 1212:1223 arg1 phospholipid 1225:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified phospholipid. 25716951 6 43 theme strain 707:712 arg1 T 722:722 T 722:722 T 722:722 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SC8A-24(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59(T) (96.51%), N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) and N. ginsengagri BX5-10(T) (96.37%). 25716951 6 43 theme strain 707:712 arg1 SC8A-24 714:720 strain SC8A-24 707:720 strain SC8A-24(T) 707:723 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SC8A-24(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59(T) (96.51%), N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) and N. ginsengagri BX5-10(T) (96.37%). 25716951 8 44 theme ll-2,6-diaminopimelic 1030:1050 arg1 acid 1052:1055 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 1030:1055 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 1030:1055 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. 25716951 2 45 theme rod- 79:82 arg1 actinobacterium 120:134 A rod- or coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 77:134 A rod- or coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium 77:134 A rod- or coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain SC8A-24(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from the rhizosphere of Alhagi sparsifolia on the southern edge of the Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25716951 6 46 theme highest 775:781 arg1 similarity 806:815 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 771:815 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 771:815 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SC8A-24(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59(T) (96.51%), N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) and N. ginsengagri BX5-10(T) (96.37%). 25716951 9 47 theme polar 1114:1118 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1132:1151 phosphatidylglycerol 1132:1151 phosphatidylglycerol 1132:1151 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified phospholipid. 25716951 9 47 theme polar 1114:1118 arg1 lipids 1120:1125 The major polar lipids 1104:1125 The major polar lipids 1104:1125 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified phospholipid. 25716951 8 48 theme predominant 1079:1089 arg1 menaquinone 1091:1101 the predominant menaquinone 1075:1101 the predominant menaquinone 1075:1101 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. 25716951 8 48 theme predominant 1079:1089 arg1 MK-8 1062:1065 MK-8 1062:1065 MK-8(H4) 1062:1069 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. 25716951 2 49 dep rod- 79:82 arg1 non-spore-forming 102:118 non-spore-forming 102:118 non-spore-forming 102:118 A rod- or coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain SC8A-24(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from the rhizosphere of Alhagi sparsifolia on the southern edge of the Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25716951 4 50 theme diffusible 505:514 arg1 pigments 516:523 no diffusible pigments 502:523 no diffusible pigments 502:523 Substrate and aerial mycelia were not observed, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 25716951 5 51 theme pH 622:623 arg1 7.0-8.0 625:631 pH 7.0-8.0 622:631 pH 7.0-8.0 622:631 Strain SC8A-24(T) grew optimally without NaCl at 28-30 °C and pH 7.0-8.0. 25716951 11 52 theme deserti 1506:1512 arg1 sp 1514:1515 the name Nocardioides deserti sp 1484:1515 the name Nocardioides deserti sp 1484:1515 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain SC8A-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides , for which the name Nocardioides deserti sp. 25716951 2 53 theme soil 187:190 arg1 sample 192:197 a soil sample 185:197 a soil sample collected from the rhizosphere of Alhagi sparsifolia on the southern edge of the Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China 185:313 A rod- or coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain SC8A-24(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from the rhizosphere of Alhagi sparsifolia on the southern edge of the Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25716951 11 54 theme chemotaxonomic 1369:1382 arg1 characteristics 1384:1398 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1354:1398 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1354:1398 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain SC8A-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides , for which the name Nocardioides deserti sp. 25716951 11 55 theme phenotypic 1354:1363 arg1 characteristics 1384:1398 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1354:1398 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1354:1398 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain SC8A-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides , for which the name Nocardioides deserti sp. 25716951 2 56 theme Alhagi 233:238 arg1 rhizosphere 218:228 the rhizosphere 214:228 the rhizosphere of Alhagi sparsifolia 214:250 A rod- or coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain SC8A-24(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from the rhizosphere of Alhagi sparsifolia on the southern edge of the Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 25716951 11 57 theme name 1488:1491 arg1 sp 1514:1515 the name Nocardioides deserti sp 1484:1515 the name Nocardioides deserti sp 1484:1515 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain SC8A-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides , for which the name Nocardioides deserti sp. 25716951 0 58 dep sp 21:22 arg1 Nocardioides 0:11 Nocardioides 0:11 Nocardioides 0:11 Nocardioides deserti sp. 25716951 6 59 theme gene 678:681 arg1 sequence 683:690 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 665:690 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 665:690 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SC8A-24(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59(T) (96.51%), N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) and N. ginsengagri BX5-10(T) (96.37%). 25716951 6 60 dep N. 864:865 arg1 T 887:887 T 887:887 T 887:887 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SC8A-24(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59(T) (96.51%), N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) and N. ginsengagri BX5-10(T) (96.37%). 25716951 6 60 dep N. 864:865 arg1 OS4 883:885 OS4 883:885 N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) 864:897 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SC8A-24(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59(T) (96.51%), N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) and N. ginsengagri BX5-10(T) (96.37%). 25716951 6 60 dep N. 864:865 arg1 % 896:896 96.43% 891:896 96.43% 891:896 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SC8A-24(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59(T) (96.51%), N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) and N. ginsengagri BX5-10(T) (96.37%). 25716951 6 60 dep N. 864:865 arg1 pyridinolyticus 867:881 N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) 864:897 N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) 864:897 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SC8A-24(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59(T) (96.51%), N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) and N. ginsengagri BX5-10(T) (96.37%). 25716951 6 61 theme rRNA 673:676 arg1 sequence 683:690 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 665:690 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 665:690 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SC8A-24(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59(T) (96.51%), N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) and N. ginsengagri BX5-10(T) (96.37%). 25716951 6 62 dep Nocardioides 822:833 arg1 CL-Z59 844:849 CL-Z59 844:849 CL-Z59 844:849 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SC8A-24(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59(T) (96.51%), N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) and N. ginsengagri BX5-10(T) (96.37%). 25716951 6 62 dep Nocardioides 822:833 arg1 % 860:860 96.51% 855:860 96.51% 855:860 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SC8A-24(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59(T) (96.51%), N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) and N. ginsengagri BX5-10(T) (96.37%). 25716951 6 62 dep Nocardioides 822:833 arg1 salarius 835:842 Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59(T) (96.51%) 822:861 Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59(T) (96.51%) 822:861 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SC8A-24(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59(T) (96.51%), N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) and N. ginsengagri BX5-10(T) (96.37%). 25716951 6 62 dep Nocardioides 822:833 arg1 T 851:851 T 851:851 T 851:851 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SC8A-24(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59(T) (96.51%), N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) and N. ginsengagri BX5-10(T) (96.37%). 25716951 11 63 theme strain 1401:1406 arg1 T 1416:1416 T 1416:1416 T 1416:1416 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain SC8A-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides , for which the name Nocardioides deserti sp. 25716951 11 63 theme strain 1401:1406 arg1 SC8A-24 1408:1414 strain SC8A-24 1401:1414 strain SC8A-24(T) 1401:1417 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain SC8A-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides , for which the name Nocardioides deserti sp. 25716951 6 64 theme 16S 669:671 arg1 sequence 683:690 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 665:690 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 665:690 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SC8A-24(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59(T) (96.51%), N. pyridinolyticus OS4(T) (96.43%) and N. ginsengagri BX5-10(T) (96.37%). 25716951 11 65 dep analysis 1341:1348 arg1 the 1315:1317 the 1315:1317 the 1315:1317 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain SC8A-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides , for which the name Nocardioides deserti sp. 25716951 11 65 dep analysis 1341:1348 arg1 basis 1319:1323 basis 1319:1323 basis 1319:1323 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain SC8A-24(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides , for which the name Nocardioides deserti sp. 25285474 7 0 theme Interferon 976:985 arg1 gamma 987:991 Interferon gamma 976:991 Interferon gamma 976:991 Interferon gamma increased by fivefold, whereas IL23 decreased 15 d post-LPS exposure. 25285474 1 1 from injury 180:185 arg1 infants 226:232 preterm infants 218:232 preterm infants 218:232 BACKGROUND Intrauterine inflammation activates the fetal immune system and can result in organ injury and postnatal complications in preterm infants. 25285474 3 2 theme splenic 504:510 arg1 profile 521:527 the splenic cytokine profile 500:527 the splenic cytokine profile 500:527 We hypothesized that intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide (IA LPS) exposure induces acute and persistent changes in the splenic cytokine profile and T-cell composition that may contribute to the sustained fetal inflammatory response after chorioamnionitis. 25285474 9 3 theme sustained 1280:1288 arg1 response 1305:1312 a rapid and sustained splenic immune response 1268:1312 a rapid and sustained splenic immune response with persistent changes in the cytokine profile 1268:1360 CD3 immunoreactivity increased within 5 h with increased Foxp3-positive cells at 12 h. CONCLUSION Intrauterine inflammation induced a rapid and sustained splenic immune response with persistent changes in the cytokine profile. 25285474 10 4 theme immune 1376:1381 arg1 status 1383:1388 This altered immune status 1363:1388 This altered immune status 1363:1388 This altered immune status may drive sustained inflammation and injury in other fetal organs. 25285474 3 5 theme cytokine 512:519 arg1 profile 521:527 the splenic cytokine profile 500:527 the splenic cytokine profile 500:527 We hypothesized that intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide (IA LPS) exposure induces acute and persistent changes in the splenic cytokine profile and T-cell composition that may contribute to the sustained fetal inflammatory response after chorioamnionitis. 25285474 10 6 theme fetal 1443:1447 arg1 organs 1449:1454 other fetal organs 1437:1454 other fetal organs 1437:1454 This altered immune status may drive sustained inflammation and injury in other fetal organs. 25285474 6 7 theme interleukin 900:910 arg1 IL 913:914 interleukin (IL)1 900:916 interleukin (IL)1 900:916 RESULTS IA LPS increased interleukin (IL)1, IL4, IL5, and IL10 mRNA by twofold 24 h after injection. 25285474 10 8 theme other 1437:1441 arg1 organs 1449:1454 other fetal organs 1437:1454 other fetal organs 1437:1454 This altered immune status may drive sustained inflammation and injury in other fetal organs. 25285474 9 9 theme immune 1298:1303 arg1 response 1305:1312 a rapid and sustained splenic immune response 1268:1312 a rapid and sustained splenic immune response with persistent changes in the cytokine profile 1268:1360 CD3 immunoreactivity increased within 5 h with increased Foxp3-positive cells at 12 h. CONCLUSION Intrauterine inflammation induced a rapid and sustained splenic immune response with persistent changes in the cytokine profile. 25285474 5 10 theme Foxp3 842:846 arg1 expression 848:857 Foxp3 expression 842:857 Foxp3 expression 842:857 Splenic cytokine mRNA levels and cleaved caspase-3, CD3, and Foxp3 expression were evaluated. 25285474 0 11 from exposure 60:67 arg1 sheep 78:82 fetal sheep 72:82 fetal sheep 72:82 Responses of the spleen to intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide exposure in fetal sheep. 25285474 2 12 theme immune 285:290 arg1 activation 292:301 peripheral immune activation 274:301 peripheral immune activation 274:301 As the spleen is an important site for peripheral immune activation, we asked how the fetal spleen would respond to intrauterine inflammation over time. 25285474 4 13 theme = 771:771 arg1 d 777:777 term = 150 d 766:777 term = 150 d 766:777 METHODS Fetal sheep were exposed to IA LPS 5, 12, and 24 h and 2, 4, 8, or 15 d before delivery at 125 d of gestational age (term = 150 d). 25285474 4 13 theme = 771:771 arg1 age 761:763 gestational age 749:763 gestational age (term = 150 d) 749:778 METHODS Fetal sheep were exposed to IA LPS 5, 12, and 24 h and 2, 4, 8, or 15 d before delivery at 125 d of gestational age (term = 150 d). 25285474 9 14 theme cytokine 1345:1352 arg1 profile 1354:1360 the cytokine profile 1341:1360 the cytokine profile 1341:1360 CD3 immunoreactivity increased within 5 h with increased Foxp3-positive cells at 12 h. CONCLUSION Intrauterine inflammation induced a rapid and sustained splenic immune response with persistent changes in the cytokine profile. 25285474 3 15 theme T-cell 533:538 arg1 composition 540:550 T-cell composition 533:550 T-cell composition 533:550 We hypothesized that intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide (IA LPS) exposure induces acute and persistent changes in the splenic cytokine profile and T-cell composition that may contribute to the sustained fetal inflammatory response after chorioamnionitis. 25285474 6 16 theme IL10 933:936 arg1 mRNA 938:941 interleukin (IL)1, IL4, IL5, and IL10 mRNA 900:941 interleukin (IL)1, IL4, IL5, and IL10 mRNA 900:941 RESULTS IA LPS increased interleukin (IL)1, IL4, IL5, and IL10 mRNA by twofold 24 h after injection. 25285474 1 17 theme organ 174:178 arg1 injury 180:185 organ injury 174:185 organ injury 174:185 BACKGROUND Intrauterine inflammation activates the fetal immune system and can result in organ injury and postnatal complications in preterm infants. 25285474 7 18 theme post-LPS 1044:1051 arg1 exposure 1053:1060 15 d post-LPS exposure 1039:1060 15 d post-LPS exposure 1039:1060 Interferon gamma increased by fivefold, whereas IL23 decreased 15 d post-LPS exposure. 25285474 3 19 theme intraamniotic 409:421 arg1 exposure 451:458 intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide (IA LPS) exposure 409:458 intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide (IA LPS) exposure 409:458 We hypothesized that intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide (IA LPS) exposure induces acute and persistent changes in the splenic cytokine profile and T-cell composition that may contribute to the sustained fetal inflammatory response after chorioamnionitis. 25285474 4 20 theme IA 677:678 arg1 LPS 680:682 IA LPS 5, 12, and 24 h and 2, 4, 8, or 15 d 677:719 LPS 680:682 METHODS Fetal sheep were exposed to IA LPS 5, 12, and 24 h and 2, 4, 8, or 15 d before delivery at 125 d of gestational age (term = 150 d). 25285474 9 21 theme increased 1183:1191 arg1 cells 1208:1212 increased Foxp3-positive cells 1183:1212 increased Foxp3-positive cells 1183:1212 CD3 immunoreactivity increased within 5 h with increased Foxp3-positive cells at 12 h. CONCLUSION Intrauterine inflammation induced a rapid and sustained splenic immune response with persistent changes in the cytokine profile. 25285474 9 22 theme Foxp3-positive 1193:1206 arg1 cells 1208:1212 increased Foxp3-positive cells 1183:1212 increased Foxp3-positive cells 1183:1212 CD3 immunoreactivity increased within 5 h with increased Foxp3-positive cells at 12 h. CONCLUSION Intrauterine inflammation induced a rapid and sustained splenic immune response with persistent changes in the cytokine profile. 25285474 1 23 theme BACKGROUND 85:94 arg1 inflammation 109:120 BACKGROUND Intrauterine inflammation 85:120 BACKGROUND Intrauterine inflammation 85:120 BACKGROUND Intrauterine inflammation activates the fetal immune system and can result in organ injury and postnatal complications in preterm infants. 25285474 10 24 theme sustained 1400:1408 arg1 inflammation 1410:1421 inflammation 1410:1421 inflammation 1410:1421 This altered immune status may drive sustained inflammation and injury in other fetal organs. 25285474 5 25 theme Splenic 781:787 arg1 levels 803:808 Splenic cytokine mRNA levels 781:808 Splenic cytokine mRNA levels 781:808 Splenic cytokine mRNA levels and cleaved caspase-3, CD3, and Foxp3 expression were evaluated. 25285474 6 26 theme IA 883:884 arg1 LPS 886:888 RESULTS IA LPS 875:888 RESULTS IA LPS 875:888 RESULTS IA LPS increased interleukin (IL)1, IL4, IL5, and IL10 mRNA by twofold 24 h after injection. 25285474 9 27 theme Intrauterine 1234:1245 arg1 inflammation 1247:1258 Intrauterine inflammation 1234:1258 Intrauterine inflammation 1234:1258 CD3 immunoreactivity increased within 5 h with increased Foxp3-positive cells at 12 h. CONCLUSION Intrauterine inflammation induced a rapid and sustained splenic immune response with persistent changes in the cytokine profile. 25285474 1 28 theme Intrauterine 96:107 arg1 inflammation 109:120 BACKGROUND Intrauterine inflammation 85:120 BACKGROUND Intrauterine inflammation 85:120 BACKGROUND Intrauterine inflammation activates the fetal immune system and can result in organ injury and postnatal complications in preterm infants. 25285474 1 29 theme postnatal 191:199 arg1 complications 201:213 postnatal complications 191:213 postnatal complications 191:213 BACKGROUND Intrauterine inflammation activates the fetal immune system and can result in organ injury and postnatal complications in preterm infants. 25285474 0 30 theme spleen 17:22 arg1 Responses 0:8 Responses 0:8 Responses of the spleen to intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide exposure in fetal sheep. 0:83 Responses of the spleen to intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide exposure in fetal sheep. 25285474 6 31 theme RESULTS 875:881 arg1 LPS 886:888 RESULTS IA LPS 875:888 RESULTS IA LPS 875:888 RESULTS IA LPS increased interleukin (IL)1, IL4, IL5, and IL10 mRNA by twofold 24 h after injection. 25285474 4 32 theme age 761:763 arg1 d 744:744 125 d 740:744 125 d of gestational age (term = 150 d) 740:778 METHODS Fetal sheep were exposed to IA LPS 5, 12, and 24 h and 2, 4, 8, or 15 d before delivery at 125 d of gestational age (term = 150 d). 25285474 8 33 theme caspase-3-positive 1071:1088 arg1 cells 1090:1094 Cleaved caspase-3-positive cells 1063:1094 Cleaved caspase-3-positive cells 1063:1094 Cleaved caspase-3-positive cells increased 2 and 8 d after LPS exposure. 25285474 3 34 theme acute 468:472 arg1 changes 489:495 acute and persistent changes 468:495 acute and persistent changes 468:495 We hypothesized that intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide (IA LPS) exposure induces acute and persistent changes in the splenic cytokine profile and T-cell composition that may contribute to the sustained fetal inflammatory response after chorioamnionitis. 25285474 3 35 theme sustained 579:587 arg1 response 608:615 the sustained fetal inflammatory response 575:615 the sustained fetal inflammatory response after chorioamnionitis 575:638 We hypothesized that intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide (IA LPS) exposure induces acute and persistent changes in the splenic cytokine profile and T-cell composition that may contribute to the sustained fetal inflammatory response after chorioamnionitis. 25285474 2 36 theme peripheral 274:283 arg1 activation 292:301 peripheral immune activation 274:301 peripheral immune activation 274:301 As the spleen is an important site for peripheral immune activation, we asked how the fetal spleen would respond to intrauterine inflammation over time. 25285474 10 37 from injury 1427:1432 arg1 organs 1449:1454 other fetal organs 1437:1454 other fetal organs 1437:1454 This altered immune status may drive sustained inflammation and injury in other fetal organs. 25285474 5 38 theme cleaved 814:820 arg1 caspase-3 822:830 caspase-3 822:830 caspase-3 822:830 Splenic cytokine mRNA levels and cleaved caspase-3, CD3, and Foxp3 expression were evaluated. 25285474 6 39 theme IL5 924:926 arg1 mRNA 938:941 interleukin (IL)1, IL4, IL5, and IL10 mRNA 900:941 interleukin (IL)1, IL4, IL5, and IL10 mRNA 900:941 RESULTS IA LPS increased interleukin (IL)1, IL4, IL5, and IL10 mRNA by twofold 24 h after injection. 25285474 0 40 theme intraamniotic 27:39 arg1 exposure 60:67 intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide exposure 27:67 intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide exposure in fetal sheep 27:82 Responses of the spleen to intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide exposure in fetal sheep. 25285474 10 41 theme altered 1368:1374 arg1 status 1383:1388 This altered immune status 1363:1388 This altered immune status 1363:1388 This altered immune status may drive sustained inflammation and injury in other fetal organs. 25285474 4 42 theme gestational 749:759 arg1 d 777:777 term = 150 d 766:777 term = 150 d 766:777 METHODS Fetal sheep were exposed to IA LPS 5, 12, and 24 h and 2, 4, 8, or 15 d before delivery at 125 d of gestational age (term = 150 d). 25285474 4 42 theme gestational 749:759 arg1 age 761:763 gestational age 749:763 gestational age (term = 150 d) 749:778 METHODS Fetal sheep were exposed to IA LPS 5, 12, and 24 h and 2, 4, 8, or 15 d before delivery at 125 d of gestational age (term = 150 d). 25285474 5 43 theme cytokine 789:796 arg1 levels 803:808 Splenic cytokine mRNA levels 781:808 Splenic cytokine mRNA levels 781:808 Splenic cytokine mRNA levels and cleaved caspase-3, CD3, and Foxp3 expression were evaluated. 25285474 1 44 theme preterm 218:224 arg1 infants 226:232 preterm infants 218:232 preterm infants 218:232 BACKGROUND Intrauterine inflammation activates the fetal immune system and can result in organ injury and postnatal complications in preterm infants. 25285474 3 45 theme lipopolysaccharide 423:440 arg1 exposure 451:458 intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide (IA LPS) exposure 409:458 intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide (IA LPS) exposure 409:458 We hypothesized that intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide (IA LPS) exposure induces acute and persistent changes in the splenic cytokine profile and T-cell composition that may contribute to the sustained fetal inflammatory response after chorioamnionitis. 25285474 9 46 theme h. 1220:1221 arg1 CONCLUSION 1223:1232 12 h. CONCLUSION 1217:1232 12 h. CONCLUSION 1217:1232 CD3 immunoreactivity increased within 5 h with increased Foxp3-positive cells at 12 h. CONCLUSION Intrauterine inflammation induced a rapid and sustained splenic immune response with persistent changes in the cytokine profile. 25285474 8 47 theme Cleaved 1063:1069 arg1 cells 1090:1094 Cleaved caspase-3-positive cells 1063:1094 Cleaved caspase-3-positive cells 1063:1094 Cleaved caspase-3-positive cells increased 2 and 8 d after LPS exposure. 25285474 9 48 theme rapid 1270:1274 arg1 response 1305:1312 a rapid and sustained splenic immune response 1268:1312 a rapid and sustained splenic immune response with persistent changes in the cytokine profile 1268:1360 CD3 immunoreactivity increased within 5 h with increased Foxp3-positive cells at 12 h. CONCLUSION Intrauterine inflammation induced a rapid and sustained splenic immune response with persistent changes in the cytokine profile. 25285474 6 49 theme IL4 919:921 arg1 mRNA 938:941 interleukin (IL)1, IL4, IL5, and IL10 mRNA 900:941 interleukin (IL)1, IL4, IL5, and IL10 mRNA 900:941 RESULTS IA LPS increased interleukin (IL)1, IL4, IL5, and IL10 mRNA by twofold 24 h after injection. 25285474 3 50 theme fetal 589:593 arg1 response 608:615 the sustained fetal inflammatory response 575:615 the sustained fetal inflammatory response after chorioamnionitis 575:638 We hypothesized that intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide (IA LPS) exposure induces acute and persistent changes in the splenic cytokine profile and T-cell composition that may contribute to the sustained fetal inflammatory response after chorioamnionitis. 25285474 9 51 with response 1305:1312 arg1 changes 1330:1336 persistent changes 1319:1336 persistent changes in the cytokine profile 1319:1360 CD3 immunoreactivity increased within 5 h with increased Foxp3-positive cells at 12 h. CONCLUSION Intrauterine inflammation induced a rapid and sustained splenic immune response with persistent changes in the cytokine profile. 25285474 0 52 theme lipopolysaccharide 41:58 arg1 exposure 60:67 intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide exposure 27:67 intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide exposure in fetal sheep 27:82 Responses of the spleen to intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide exposure in fetal sheep. 25285474 4 53 theme term 766:769 arg1 d 777:777 term = 150 d 766:777 term = 150 d 766:777 METHODS Fetal sheep were exposed to IA LPS 5, 12, and 24 h and 2, 4, 8, or 15 d before delivery at 125 d of gestational age (term = 150 d). 25285474 4 53 theme term 766:769 arg1 age 761:763 gestational age 749:763 gestational age (term = 150 d) 749:778 METHODS Fetal sheep were exposed to IA LPS 5, 12, and 24 h and 2, 4, 8, or 15 d before delivery at 125 d of gestational age (term = 150 d). 25285474 3 54 theme persistent 478:487 arg1 changes 489:495 acute and persistent changes 468:495 acute and persistent changes 468:495 We hypothesized that intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide (IA LPS) exposure induces acute and persistent changes in the splenic cytokine profile and T-cell composition that may contribute to the sustained fetal inflammatory response after chorioamnionitis. 25285474 3 55 theme inflammatory 595:606 arg1 response 608:615 the sustained fetal inflammatory response 575:615 the sustained fetal inflammatory response after chorioamnionitis 575:638 We hypothesized that intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide (IA LPS) exposure induces acute and persistent changes in the splenic cytokine profile and T-cell composition that may contribute to the sustained fetal inflammatory response after chorioamnionitis. 25285474 1 56 from complications 201:213 arg1 infants 226:232 preterm infants 218:232 preterm infants 218:232 BACKGROUND Intrauterine inflammation activates the fetal immune system and can result in organ injury and postnatal complications in preterm infants. 25285474 1 57 theme fetal 136:140 arg1 system 149:154 the fetal immune system 132:154 the fetal immune system 132:154 BACKGROUND Intrauterine inflammation activates the fetal immune system and can result in organ injury and postnatal complications in preterm infants. 25285474 4 58 dep METHODS 641:647 arg1 exposed 666:672 exposed 666:672 were exposed to IA LPS 5, 12, and 24 h and 2, 4, 8, or 15 d before delivery at 125 d of gestational age (term = 150 d) 661:778 METHODS Fetal sheep were exposed to IA LPS 5, 12, and 24 h and 2, 4, 8, or 15 d before delivery at 125 d of gestational age (term = 150 d). 25285474 1 59 theme immune 142:147 arg1 system 149:154 the fetal immune system 132:154 the fetal immune system 132:154 BACKGROUND Intrauterine inflammation activates the fetal immune system and can result in organ injury and postnatal complications in preterm infants. 25285474 9 60 theme splenic 1290:1296 arg1 response 1305:1312 a rapid and sustained splenic immune response 1268:1312 a rapid and sustained splenic immune response with persistent changes in the cytokine profile 1268:1360 CD3 immunoreactivity increased within 5 h with increased Foxp3-positive cells at 12 h. CONCLUSION Intrauterine inflammation induced a rapid and sustained splenic immune response with persistent changes in the cytokine profile. 25285474 2 61 theme important 255:263 arg1 spleen 242:247 the spleen 238:247 the spleen 238:247 As the spleen is an important site for peripheral immune activation, we asked how the fetal spleen would respond to intrauterine inflammation over time. 25285474 2 61 theme important 255:263 arg1 site 265:268 an important site 252:268 an important site for peripheral immune activation 252:301 As the spleen is an important site for peripheral immune activation, we asked how the fetal spleen would respond to intrauterine inflammation over time. 25285474 9 62 from changes 1330:1336 arg1 profile 1354:1360 the cytokine profile 1341:1360 the cytokine profile 1341:1360 CD3 immunoreactivity increased within 5 h with increased Foxp3-positive cells at 12 h. CONCLUSION Intrauterine inflammation induced a rapid and sustained splenic immune response with persistent changes in the cytokine profile. 25285474 2 63 theme fetal 321:325 arg1 spleen 327:332 the fetal spleen 317:332 the fetal spleen 317:332 As the spleen is an important site for peripheral immune activation, we asked how the fetal spleen would respond to intrauterine inflammation over time. 25285474 0 64 theme fetal 72:76 arg1 sheep 78:82 fetal sheep 72:82 fetal sheep 72:82 Responses of the spleen to intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide exposure in fetal sheep. 25285474 4 65 dep LPS 680:682 arg1 h 698:698 5, 12, and 24 h 684:698 5, 12, and 24 h 684:698 METHODS Fetal sheep were exposed to IA LPS 5, 12, and 24 h and 2, 4, 8, or 15 d before delivery at 125 d of gestational age (term = 150 d). 25285474 8 66 theme LPS 1122:1124 arg1 exposure 1126:1133 LPS exposure 1122:1133 LPS exposure 1122:1133 Cleaved caspase-3-positive cells increased 2 and 8 d after LPS exposure. 25285474 5 67 theme mRNA 798:801 arg1 levels 803:808 Splenic cytokine mRNA levels 781:808 Splenic cytokine mRNA levels 781:808 Splenic cytokine mRNA levels and cleaved caspase-3, CD3, and Foxp3 expression were evaluated. 25285474 9 68 theme persistent 1319:1328 arg1 changes 1330:1336 persistent changes 1319:1336 persistent changes in the cytokine profile 1319:1360 CD3 immunoreactivity increased within 5 h with increased Foxp3-positive cells at 12 h. CONCLUSION Intrauterine inflammation induced a rapid and sustained splenic immune response with persistent changes in the cytokine profile. 25285474 4 69 theme Fetal 649:653 arg1 sheep 655:659 Fetal sheep 649:659 Fetal sheep 649:659 METHODS Fetal sheep were exposed to IA LPS 5, 12, and 24 h and 2, 4, 8, or 15 d before delivery at 125 d of gestational age (term = 150 d). 25285474 10 70 from inflammation 1410:1421 arg1 organs 1449:1454 other fetal organs 1437:1454 other fetal organs 1437:1454 This altered immune status may drive sustained inflammation and injury in other fetal organs. 25285474 9 71 theme CD3 1136:1138 arg1 immunoreactivity 1140:1155 CD3 immunoreactivity 1136:1155 CD3 immunoreactivity 1136:1155 CD3 immunoreactivity increased within 5 h with increased Foxp3-positive cells at 12 h. CONCLUSION Intrauterine inflammation induced a rapid and sustained splenic immune response with persistent changes in the cytokine profile. 25285474 2 72 theme intrauterine 351:362 arg1 inflammation 364:375 intrauterine inflammation 351:375 intrauterine inflammation 351:375 As the spleen is an important site for peripheral immune activation, we asked how the fetal spleen would respond to intrauterine inflammation over time. 25285474 7 73 dep increased 993:1001 arg1 whereas 1016:1022 whereas 1016:1022 whereas 1016:1022 Interferon gamma increased by fivefold, whereas IL23 decreased 15 d post-LPS exposure. 25285474 6 74 theme IL 913:914 arg1 mRNA 938:941 interleukin (IL)1, IL4, IL5, and IL10 mRNA 900:941 interleukin (IL)1, IL4, IL5, and IL10 mRNA 900:941 RESULTS IA LPS increased interleukin (IL)1, IL4, IL5, and IL10 mRNA by twofold 24 h after injection. 26442294 0 0 theme male 73:76 arg1 rats 90:93 male azoospermia rats 73:93 male azoospermia rats 73:93 [Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to repair the reproductive system of male azoospermia rats]. 26442294 1 1 theme bone 131:134 arg1 marrow 136:141 bone marrow 131:141 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 131:172 OBJECTIVE To study the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to repair the internal environment of the testis in male azoospermia rats. 26442294 4 2 theme model 788:792 arg1 rats 794:797 the model rats 784:797 the model rats 784:797 RESULTS The number of epididymal sperm was significantly reduced in the model rats as compared with the normal controls (P < 0.01). 26442294 2 3 theme SD 315:316 arg1 rats 318:321 22 six-week-old male SD rats 294:321 22 six-week-old male SD rats 294:321 METHODS We established azoospermia models in 22 six-week-old male SD rats by intraperitoneal injection of busulfan at 20 mg per kg body weight. 26442294 6 4 dep marker 1087:1092 arg1 c-kit 1094:1098 c-kit 1094:1098 the germ cell surface marker c-kit 1065:1098 At 30 days after transplantation of rBMSCs, lots of new cells were observed in the seminiferous tubules, some expressing CD106 and some expressing the germ cell surface marker c-kit. 26442294 1 5 theme testis 216:221 arg1 environment 197:207 the internal environment 184:207 the internal environment of the testis in male azoospermia rats 184:246 OBJECTIVE To study the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to repair the internal environment of the testis in male azoospermia rats. 26442294 0 6 theme rats 90:93 arg1 system 63:68 the reproductive system 46:68 the reproductive system of male azoospermia rats 46:93 [Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to repair the reproductive system of male azoospermia rats]. 26442294 6 7 theme surface 1079:1085 arg1 marker 1087:1092 the germ cell surface marker 1065:1092 the germ cell surface marker c-kit 1065:1098 At 30 days after transplantation of rBMSCs, lots of new cells were observed in the seminiferous tubules, some expressing CD106 and some expressing the germ cell surface marker c-kit. 26442294 3 8 theme model 487:491 arg1 rats 493:496 the model rats 483:496 the model rats 483:496 We transplanted allogeneic rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) into the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats and, 30 days after transplantation, observed the composition and structure of the seminiferous tubular cells by HE staining and detected the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs by immunohistochemistry. 26442294 0 9 theme azoospermia 78:88 arg1 rats 90:93 male azoospermia rats 73:93 male azoospermia rats 73:93 [Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to repair the reproductive system of male azoospermia rats]. 26442294 3 10 theme rats 493:496 arg1 tubules 472:478 the testicular seminiferous tubules 444:478 the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats 444:496 We transplanted allogeneic rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) into the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats and, 30 days after transplantation, observed the composition and structure of the seminiferous tubular cells by HE staining and detected the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs by immunohistochemistry. 26442294 7 11 theme CONCLUSION 1101:1110 arg1 BMSCs 1112:1116 CONCLUSION BMSCs 1101:1116 CONCLUSION BMSCs 1101:1116 CONCLUSION BMSCs can transdifferentiate into germ cells and repair the damaged seminiferous tubules of sterile rats. 26442294 2 12 dep METHODS 249:255 arg1 established 260:270 established 260:270 established azoospermia models in 22 six-week-old male SD rats by intraperitoneal injection of busulfan at 20 mg per kg body weight 260:390 METHODS We established azoospermia models in 22 six-week-old male SD rats by intraperitoneal injection of busulfan at 20 mg per kg body weight. 26442294 1 13 theme male 226:229 arg1 rats 243:246 male azoospermia rats 226:246 male azoospermia rats 226:246 OBJECTIVE To study the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to repair the internal environment of the testis in male azoospermia rats. 26442294 3 14 theme CD106 660:664 arg1 expressions 639:649 the expressions 635:649 the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs 635:689 We transplanted allogeneic rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) into the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats and, 30 days after transplantation, observed the composition and structure of the seminiferous tubular cells by HE staining and detected the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs by immunohistochemistry. 26442294 3 15 dep composition 547:557 arg1 the 543:545 the 543:545 the 543:545 We transplanted allogeneic rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) into the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats and, 30 days after transplantation, observed the composition and structure of the seminiferous tubular cells by HE staining and detected the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs by immunohistochemistry. 26442294 4 16 dep RESULTS 716:722 arg1 reduced 773:779 reduced 773:779 was significantly reduced in the model rats as compared with the normal controls (P < 0.01) 755:845 RESULTS The number of epididymal sperm was significantly reduced in the model rats as compared with the normal controls (P < 0.01). 26442294 1 17 theme mesenchymal 143:153 arg1 cells 160:164 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 131:164 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 131:172 OBJECTIVE To study the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to repair the internal environment of the testis in male azoospermia rats. 26442294 1 17 theme mesenchymal 143:153 arg1 BMSCs 167:171 BMSCs 167:171 BMSCs 167:171 OBJECTIVE To study the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to repair the internal environment of the testis in male azoospermia rats. 26442294 6 18 located observed 985:992 arg1 tubules 1014:1020 the seminiferous tubules 997:1020 the seminiferous tubules 997:1020 At 30 days after transplantation of rBMSCs, lots of new cells were observed in the seminiferous tubules, some expressing CD106 and some expressing the germ cell surface marker c-kit. 26442294 6 18 located observed 985:992 arg1 some 1023:1026 some 1023:1026 some 1023:1026 At 30 days after transplantation of rBMSCs, lots of new cells were observed in the seminiferous tubules, some expressing CD106 and some expressing the germ cell surface marker c-kit. 26442294 6 18 located observed 985:992 arg1 days 924:927 30 days 921:927 30 days after transplantation of rBMSCs 921:959 At 30 days after transplantation of rBMSCs, lots of new cells were observed in the seminiferous tubules, some expressing CD106 and some expressing the germ cell surface marker c-kit. 26442294 6 18 located observed 985:992 arg2 cells 974:978 new cells 970:978 new cells 970:978 At 30 days after transplantation of rBMSCs, lots of new cells were observed in the seminiferous tubules, some expressing CD106 and some expressing the germ cell surface marker c-kit. 26442294 6 18 located observed 985:992 arg2 lots 962:965 lots 962:965 lots of new cells 962:978 At 30 days after transplantation of rBMSCs, lots of new cells were observed in the seminiferous tubules, some expressing CD106 and some expressing the germ cell surface marker c-kit. 26442294 7 19 theme damaged 1172:1178 arg1 tubules 1193:1199 the damaged seminiferous tubules 1168:1199 the damaged seminiferous tubules of sterile rats 1168:1215 CONCLUSION BMSCs can transdifferentiate into germ cells and repair the damaged seminiferous tubules of sterile rats. 26442294 1 20 theme stem 155:158 arg1 cells 160:164 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 131:164 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 131:172 OBJECTIVE To study the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to repair the internal environment of the testis in male azoospermia rats. 26442294 1 20 theme stem 155:158 arg1 BMSCs 167:171 BMSCs 167:171 BMSCs 167:171 OBJECTIVE To study the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to repair the internal environment of the testis in male azoospermia rats. 26442294 0 21 theme marrow 6:11 arg1 cells 30:34 [Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 0:34 [Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 0:34 [Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to repair the reproductive system of male azoospermia rats]. 26442294 3 22 theme CD44 654:657 arg1 expressions 639:649 the expressions 635:649 the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs 635:689 We transplanted allogeneic rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) into the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats and, 30 days after transplantation, observed the composition and structure of the seminiferous tubular cells by HE staining and detected the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs by immunohistochemistry. 26442294 3 23 theme c-kit 671:675 arg1 expressions 639:649 the expressions 635:649 the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs 635:689 We transplanted allogeneic rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) into the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats and, 30 days after transplantation, observed the composition and structure of the seminiferous tubular cells by HE staining and detected the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs by immunohistochemistry. 26442294 1 24 theme cells 160:164 arg1 ability 120:126 the ability 116:126 the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to repair the internal environment of the testis in male azoospermia rats 116:246 OBJECTIVE To study the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to repair the internal environment of the testis in male azoospermia rats. 26442294 0 25 theme [Bone 0:4 arg1 cells 30:34 [Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 0:34 [Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 0:34 [Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to repair the reproductive system of male azoospermia rats]. 26442294 1 26 theme azoospermia 231:241 arg1 rats 243:246 male azoospermia rats 226:246 male azoospermia rats 226:246 OBJECTIVE To study the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to repair the internal environment of the testis in male azoospermia rats. 26442294 2 27 theme azoospermia 272:282 arg1 models 284:289 azoospermia models 272:289 azoospermia models 272:289 METHODS We established azoospermia models in 22 six-week-old male SD rats by intraperitoneal injection of busulfan at 20 mg per kg body weight. 26442294 0 28 theme stem 25:28 arg1 cells 30:34 [Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 0:34 [Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 0:34 [Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to repair the reproductive system of male azoospermia rats]. 26442294 4 29 theme P 837:837 arg1 controls 827:834 the normal controls 816:834 the normal controls (P < 0.01) 816:845 RESULTS The number of epididymal sperm was significantly reduced in the model rats as compared with the normal controls (P < 0.01). 26442294 4 29 theme P 837:837 arg1 < 839:839 P < 0.01 837:844 P < 0.01 837:844 RESULTS The number of epididymal sperm was significantly reduced in the model rats as compared with the normal controls (P < 0.01). 26442294 6 30 theme cell 1074:1077 arg1 marker 1087:1092 the germ cell surface marker 1065:1092 the germ cell surface marker c-kit 1065:1098 At 30 days after transplantation of rBMSCs, lots of new cells were observed in the seminiferous tubules, some expressing CD106 and some expressing the germ cell surface marker c-kit. 26442294 6 31 theme seminiferous 1001:1012 arg1 tubules 1014:1020 the seminiferous tubules 997:1020 the seminiferous tubules 997:1020 At 30 days after transplantation of rBMSCs, lots of new cells were observed in the seminiferous tubules, some expressing CD106 and some expressing the germ cell surface marker c-kit. 26442294 6 31 theme seminiferous 1001:1012 arg1 some 1023:1026 some 1023:1026 some 1023:1026 At 30 days after transplantation of rBMSCs, lots of new cells were observed in the seminiferous tubules, some expressing CD106 and some expressing the germ cell surface marker c-kit. 26442294 3 32 theme rat 420:422 arg1 rBMSCs 431:436 rBMSCs 431:436 rBMSCs 431:436 We transplanted allogeneic rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) into the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats and, 30 days after transplantation, observed the composition and structure of the seminiferous tubular cells by HE staining and detected the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs by immunohistochemistry. 26442294 3 32 theme rat 420:422 arg1 BMSCs 424:428 allogeneic rat BMSCs 409:428 allogeneic rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) 409:437 We transplanted allogeneic rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) into the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats and, 30 days after transplantation, observed the composition and structure of the seminiferous tubular cells by HE staining and detected the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs by immunohistochemistry. 26442294 2 33 theme body 380:383 arg1 weight 385:390 body weight 380:390 body weight 380:390 METHODS We established azoospermia models in 22 six-week-old male SD rats by intraperitoneal injection of busulfan at 20 mg per kg body weight. 26442294 3 34 theme seminiferous 580:591 arg1 cells 601:605 the seminiferous tubular cells 576:605 the seminiferous tubular cells 576:605 We transplanted allogeneic rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) into the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats and, 30 days after transplantation, observed the composition and structure of the seminiferous tubular cells by HE staining and detected the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs by immunohistochemistry. 26442294 1 35 theme marrow 136:141 arg1 cells 160:164 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 131:164 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 131:172 OBJECTIVE To study the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to repair the internal environment of the testis in male azoospermia rats. 26442294 1 35 theme marrow 136:141 arg1 BMSCs 167:171 BMSCs 167:171 BMSCs 167:171 OBJECTIVE To study the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to repair the internal environment of the testis in male azoospermia rats. 26442294 3 36 dep days 506:509 arg1 transplantation 517:531 transplantation 517:531 transplantation 517:531 We transplanted allogeneic rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) into the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats and, 30 days after transplantation, observed the composition and structure of the seminiferous tubular cells by HE staining and detected the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs by immunohistochemistry. 26442294 3 37 theme seminiferous 459:470 arg1 tubules 472:478 the testicular seminiferous tubules 444:478 the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats 444:496 We transplanted allogeneic rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) into the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats and, 30 days after transplantation, observed the composition and structure of the seminiferous tubular cells by HE staining and detected the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs by immunohistochemistry. 26442294 3 38 theme tubular 593:599 arg1 cells 601:605 the seminiferous tubular cells 576:605 the seminiferous tubular cells 576:605 We transplanted allogeneic rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) into the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats and, 30 days after transplantation, observed the composition and structure of the seminiferous tubular cells by HE staining and detected the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs by immunohistochemistry. 26442294 4 39 theme epididymal 738:747 arg1 sperm 749:753 epididymal sperm 738:753 epididymal sperm 738:753 RESULTS The number of epididymal sperm was significantly reduced in the model rats as compared with the normal controls (P < 0.01). 26442294 6 40 theme rBMSCs 954:959 arg1 transplantation 935:949 transplantation 935:949 transplantation of rBMSCs 935:959 At 30 days after transplantation of rBMSCs, lots of new cells were observed in the seminiferous tubules, some expressing CD106 and some expressing the germ cell surface marker c-kit. 26442294 3 41 theme allogeneic 409:418 arg1 rBMSCs 431:436 rBMSCs 431:436 rBMSCs 431:436 We transplanted allogeneic rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) into the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats and, 30 days after transplantation, observed the composition and structure of the seminiferous tubular cells by HE staining and detected the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs by immunohistochemistry. 26442294 3 41 theme allogeneic 409:418 arg1 BMSCs 424:428 allogeneic rat BMSCs 409:428 allogeneic rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) 409:437 We transplanted allogeneic rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) into the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats and, 30 days after transplantation, observed the composition and structure of the seminiferous tubular cells by HE staining and detected the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs by immunohistochemistry. 26442294 1 42 from environment 197:207 arg1 rats 243:246 male azoospermia rats 226:246 male azoospermia rats 226:246 OBJECTIVE To study the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to repair the internal environment of the testis in male azoospermia rats. 26442294 7 43 theme germ 1146:1149 arg1 cells 1151:1155 germ cells 1146:1155 germ cells 1146:1155 CONCLUSION BMSCs can transdifferentiate into germ cells and repair the damaged seminiferous tubules of sterile rats. 26442294 5 44 theme isolated 901:908 arg1 rBMSCs 910:915 the isolated rBMSCs 897:915 the isolated rBMSCs 897:915 CD44 and CD106, but not c-kit, were expressed in the isolated rBMSCs. 26442294 6 45 theme new 970:972 arg1 cells 974:978 new cells 970:978 new cells 970:978 At 30 days after transplantation of rBMSCs, lots of new cells were observed in the seminiferous tubules, some expressing CD106 and some expressing the germ cell surface marker c-kit. 26442294 2 46 theme male 310:313 arg1 rats 318:321 22 six-week-old male SD rats 294:321 22 six-week-old male SD rats 294:321 METHODS We established azoospermia models in 22 six-week-old male SD rats by intraperitoneal injection of busulfan at 20 mg per kg body weight. 26442294 3 47 from expressions 639:649 arg1 rBMSCs 684:689 the rBMSCs 680:689 the rBMSCs 680:689 We transplanted allogeneic rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) into the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats and, 30 days after transplantation, observed the composition and structure of the seminiferous tubular cells by HE staining and detected the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs by immunohistochemistry. 26442294 3 48 theme HE 610:611 arg1 staining 613:620 HE staining 610:620 HE staining 610:620 We transplanted allogeneic rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) into the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats and, 30 days after transplantation, observed the composition and structure of the seminiferous tubular cells by HE staining and detected the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs by immunohistochemistry. 26442294 4 49 theme sperm 749:753 arg1 number 728:733 The number 724:733 The number of epididymal sperm 724:753 RESULTS The number of epididymal sperm was significantly reduced in the model rats as compared with the normal controls (P < 0.01). 26442294 3 50 theme testicular 448:457 arg1 tubules 472:478 the testicular seminiferous tubules 444:478 the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats 444:496 We transplanted allogeneic rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) into the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats and, 30 days after transplantation, observed the composition and structure of the seminiferous tubular cells by HE staining and detected the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs by immunohistochemistry. 26442294 2 51 theme six-week-old 297:308 arg1 rats 318:321 22 six-week-old male SD rats 294:321 22 six-week-old male SD rats 294:321 METHODS We established azoospermia models in 22 six-week-old male SD rats by intraperitoneal injection of busulfan at 20 mg per kg body weight. 26442294 6 52 theme germ 1069:1072 arg1 marker 1087:1092 the germ cell surface marker 1065:1092 the germ cell surface marker c-kit 1065:1098 At 30 days after transplantation of rBMSCs, lots of new cells were observed in the seminiferous tubules, some expressing CD106 and some expressing the germ cell surface marker c-kit. 26442294 3 53 dep transplanted 396:407 arg1 observed 534:541 observed 534:541 observed the composition and structure of the seminiferous tubular cells by HE staining 534:620 We transplanted allogeneic rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) into the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats and, 30 days after transplantation, observed the composition and structure of the seminiferous tubular cells by HE staining and detected the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs by immunohistochemistry. 26442294 7 54 theme sterile 1204:1210 arg1 rats 1212:1215 sterile rats 1204:1215 sterile rats 1204:1215 CONCLUSION BMSCs can transdifferentiate into germ cells and repair the damaged seminiferous tubules of sterile rats. 26442294 4 55 theme normal 820:825 arg1 controls 827:834 the normal controls 816:834 the normal controls (P < 0.01) 816:845 RESULTS The number of epididymal sperm was significantly reduced in the model rats as compared with the normal controls (P < 0.01). 26442294 4 55 theme normal 820:825 arg1 < 839:839 P < 0.01 837:844 P < 0.01 837:844 RESULTS The number of epididymal sperm was significantly reduced in the model rats as compared with the normal controls (P < 0.01). 26442294 3 56 theme cells 601:605 arg1 composition 547:557 composition 547:557 composition 547:557 We transplanted allogeneic rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) into the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats and, 30 days after transplantation, observed the composition and structure of the seminiferous tubular cells by HE staining and detected the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs by immunohistochemistry. 26442294 3 56 theme cells 601:605 arg1 structure 563:571 structure 563:571 structure 563:571 We transplanted allogeneic rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) into the testicular seminiferous tubules of the model rats and, 30 days after transplantation, observed the composition and structure of the seminiferous tubular cells by HE staining and detected the expressions of CD44, CD106, and c-kit in the rBMSCs by immunohistochemistry. 26442294 2 57 from mg 370:371 arg1 injection 342:350 intraperitoneal injection 326:350 intraperitoneal injection of busulfan at 20 mg per kg body weight 326:390 METHODS We established azoospermia models in 22 six-week-old male SD rats by intraperitoneal injection of busulfan at 20 mg per kg body weight. 26442294 6 58 theme cells 974:978 arg1 lots 962:965 lots 962:965 lots of new cells 962:978 At 30 days after transplantation of rBMSCs, lots of new cells were observed in the seminiferous tubules, some expressing CD106 and some expressing the germ cell surface marker c-kit. 26442294 6 58 theme cells 974:978 arg1 cells 974:978 new cells 970:978 new cells 970:978 At 30 days after transplantation of rBMSCs, lots of new cells were observed in the seminiferous tubules, some expressing CD106 and some expressing the germ cell surface marker c-kit. 26442294 7 59 theme seminiferous 1180:1191 arg1 tubules 1193:1199 the damaged seminiferous tubules 1168:1199 the damaged seminiferous tubules of sterile rats 1168:1215 CONCLUSION BMSCs can transdifferentiate into germ cells and repair the damaged seminiferous tubules of sterile rats. 26442294 1 60 theme internal 188:195 arg1 environment 197:207 the internal environment 184:207 the internal environment of the testis in male azoospermia rats 184:246 OBJECTIVE To study the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to repair the internal environment of the testis in male azoospermia rats. 26442294 7 61 theme rats 1212:1215 arg1 tubules 1193:1199 the damaged seminiferous tubules 1168:1199 the damaged seminiferous tubules of sterile rats 1168:1215 CONCLUSION BMSCs can transdifferentiate into germ cells and repair the damaged seminiferous tubules of sterile rats. 26442294 2 62 theme intraperitoneal 326:340 arg1 injection 342:350 intraperitoneal injection 326:350 intraperitoneal injection of busulfan at 20 mg per kg body weight 326:390 METHODS We established azoospermia models in 22 six-week-old male SD rats by intraperitoneal injection of busulfan at 20 mg per kg body weight. 26442294 2 63 theme busulfan 355:362 arg1 injection 342:350 intraperitoneal injection 326:350 intraperitoneal injection of busulfan at 20 mg per kg body weight 326:390 METHODS We established azoospermia models in 22 six-week-old male SD rats by intraperitoneal injection of busulfan at 20 mg per kg body weight. 26442294 0 64 theme reproductive 50:61 arg1 system 63:68 the reproductive system 46:68 the reproductive system of male azoospermia rats 46:93 [Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to repair the reproductive system of male azoospermia rats]. 26442294 0 65 theme mesenchymal 13:23 arg1 cells 30:34 [Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 0:34 [Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 0:34 [Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to repair the reproductive system of male azoospermia rats]. 24473752 6 0 link PUFA-derived 888:899 arg1 metabolites 911:921 some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites 883:921 some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites 883:921 However, some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites were positively correlated with specific fecal bacteria (Bifidobacterium spp., Eubacterium ventriosum and Lactobacillus spp.) 24473752 1 1 theme microbiota 233:242 arg1 modulation 244:253 prebiotic-induced gut microbiota modulation 211:253 prebiotic-induced gut microbiota modulation 211:253 The aim of this human study was to assess the influence of prebiotic-induced gut microbiota modulation on PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites production. 24473752 0 2 theme fecal 81:85 arg1 bacteria 87:94 specific fecal bacteria 72:94 specific fecal bacteria 72:94 Gut microbial metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids correlate with specific fecal bacteria and serum markers of metabolic syndrome in obese women. 24473752 1 3 theme modulation 244:253 arg1 influence 198:206 the influence 194:206 the influence of prebiotic-induced gut microbiota modulation on PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites production 194:302 The aim of this human study was to assess the influence of prebiotic-induced gut microbiota modulation on PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites production. 24473752 0 4 theme serum 100:104 arg1 markers 106:112 serum markers 100:112 serum markers of metabolic syndrome in obese women 100:149 Gut microbial metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids correlate with specific fecal bacteria and serum markers of metabolic syndrome in obese women. 24473752 5 5 theme prebiotic-induced 686:702 arg1 modulation 704:713 the prebiotic-induced modulation 682:713 the prebiotic-induced modulation of gut microbiota 682:731 Despite the prebiotic-induced modulation of gut microbiota, including changes in CLA/CLnA-producing bacteria, the treatment did not impact significantly on the circulating level of these metabolites. 24473752 1 6 link PUFA-derived 258:269 arg1 metabolites 281:291 PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites 258:291 PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites production 258:302 The aim of this human study was to assess the influence of prebiotic-induced gut microbiota modulation on PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites production. 24473752 6 7 theme fecal 964:968 arg1 bacteria 970:977 specific fecal bacteria 955:977 specific fecal bacteria (Bifidobacterium spp., Eubacterium ventriosum and Lactobacillus spp 955:1045 However, some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites were positively correlated with specific fecal bacteria (Bifidobacterium spp., Eubacterium ventriosum and Lactobacillus spp.) 24473752 1 8 theme PUFA-derived 258:269 arg1 metabolites 281:291 PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites 258:291 PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites production 258:302 The aim of this human study was to assess the influence of prebiotic-induced gut microbiota modulation on PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites production. 24473752 3 9 theme gut 503:505 arg1 composition 518:528 gut microbiota composition 503:528 gut microbiota composition 503:528 In these patients, we had already determined gut microbiota composition by phylogenetic microarray and qPCR analysis of 16S rDNA. 24473752 5 10 from changes 744:750 arg1 bacteria 774:781 CLA/CLnA-producing bacteria 755:781 CLA/CLnA-producing bacteria 755:781 Despite the prebiotic-induced modulation of gut microbiota, including changes in CLA/CLnA-producing bacteria, the treatment did not impact significantly on the circulating level of these metabolites. 24473752 4 11 theme bacterial 606:614 arg1 metabolites 616:626 Some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites 588:626 Some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites 588:626 Some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites were detected in the serum of obese patients. 24473752 3 12 theme qPCR 561:564 arg1 analysis 566:573 phylogenetic microarray and qPCR analysis 533:573 phylogenetic microarray and qPCR analysis of 16S rDNA 533:585 In these patients, we had already determined gut microbiota composition by phylogenetic microarray and qPCR analysis of 16S rDNA. 24473752 8 13 theme beneficial 1155:1164 arg1 effect 1166:1171 a potential beneficial effect 1143:1171 a potential beneficial effect of some of these metabolites 1143:1200 These correlations suggest a potential beneficial effect of some of these metabolites but this remains to be confirmed by further investigation. 24473752 0 14 theme microbial 4:12 arg1 metabolites 14:24 Gut microbial metabolites 0:24 Gut microbial metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids 0:55 Gut microbial metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids correlate with specific fecal bacteria and serum markers of metabolic syndrome in obese women. 24473752 6 15 theme specific 955:962 arg1 bacteria 970:977 specific fecal bacteria 955:977 specific fecal bacteria (Bifidobacterium spp., Eubacterium ventriosum and Lactobacillus spp 955:1045 However, some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites were positively correlated with specific fecal bacteria (Bifidobacterium spp., Eubacterium ventriosum and Lactobacillus spp.) 24473752 1 16 theme human 168:172 arg1 study 174:178 this human study 163:178 this human study 163:178 The aim of this human study was to assess the influence of prebiotic-induced gut microbiota modulation on PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites production. 24473752 0 17 theme Gut 0:2 arg1 metabolites 14:24 Gut microbial metabolites 0:24 Gut microbial metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids 0:55 Gut microbial metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids correlate with specific fecal bacteria and serum markers of metabolic syndrome in obese women. 24473752 1 18 theme bacterial 271:279 arg1 metabolites 281:291 PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites 258:291 PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites production 258:302 The aim of this human study was to assess the influence of prebiotic-induced gut microbiota modulation on PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites production. 24473752 6 19 dep bacteria 970:977 arg1 ventriosum 1014:1023 Eubacterium ventriosum 1002:1023 Eubacterium ventriosum 1002:1023 However, some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites were positively correlated with specific fecal bacteria (Bifidobacterium spp., Eubacterium ventriosum and Lactobacillus spp.) 24473752 6 19 dep bacteria 970:977 arg1 spp 1043:1045 Lactobacillus spp 1029:1045 Lactobacillus spp 1029:1045 However, some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites were positively correlated with specific fecal bacteria (Bifidobacterium spp., Eubacterium ventriosum and Lactobacillus spp.) 24473752 6 19 dep bacteria 970:977 arg1 spp. 996:999 Bifidobacterium spp. 980:999 Bifidobacterium spp. 980:999 However, some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites were positively correlated with specific fecal bacteria (Bifidobacterium spp., Eubacterium ventriosum and Lactobacillus spp.) 24473752 6 20 theme PUFA-derived 888:899 arg1 metabolites 911:921 some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites 883:921 some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites 883:921 However, some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites were positively correlated with specific fecal bacteria (Bifidobacterium spp., Eubacterium ventriosum and Lactobacillus spp.) 24473752 1 21 theme study 174:178 arg1 aim 156:158 The aim 152:158 The aim of this human study 152:178 The aim of this human study was to assess the influence of prebiotic-induced gut microbiota modulation on PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites production. 24473752 5 22 theme metabolites 861:871 arg1 level 846:850 the circulating level 830:850 the circulating level of these metabolites 830:871 Despite the prebiotic-induced modulation of gut microbiota, including changes in CLA/CLnA-producing bacteria, the treatment did not impact significantly on the circulating level of these metabolites. 24473752 1 23 theme metabolites 281:291 arg1 production 293:302 PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites production 258:302 PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites production 258:302 The aim of this human study was to assess the influence of prebiotic-induced gut microbiota modulation on PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites production. 24473752 0 24 theme syndrome 127:134 arg1 bacteria 87:94 specific fecal bacteria 72:94 specific fecal bacteria 72:94 Gut microbial metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids correlate with specific fecal bacteria and serum markers of metabolic syndrome in obese women. 24473752 0 24 theme syndrome 127:134 arg1 markers 106:112 serum markers 100:112 serum markers of metabolic syndrome in obese women 100:149 Gut microbial metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids correlate with specific fecal bacteria and serum markers of metabolic syndrome in obese women. 24473752 2 25 from CLA/CLnA 373:380 arg1 women 391:395 obese women 385:395 obese women treated during 3 months with inulin-type fructan prebiotics 385:455 Therefore, we analyzed the circulating fatty acid profile including CLA/CLnA in obese women treated during 3 months with inulin-type fructan prebiotics. 24473752 3 26 theme 16S 578:580 arg1 rDNA 582:585 16S rDNA 578:585 16S rDNA 578:585 In these patients, we had already determined gut microbiota composition by phylogenetic microarray and qPCR analysis of 16S rDNA. 24473752 2 27 theme fructan 438:444 arg1 prebiotics 446:455 inulin-type fructan prebiotics 426:455 inulin-type fructan prebiotics 426:455 Therefore, we analyzed the circulating fatty acid profile including CLA/CLnA in obese women treated during 3 months with inulin-type fructan prebiotics. 24473752 0 28 theme metabolic 117:125 arg1 syndrome 127:134 metabolic syndrome 117:134 metabolic syndrome 117:134 Gut microbial metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids correlate with specific fecal bacteria and serum markers of metabolic syndrome in obese women. 24473752 0 29 from bacteria 87:94 arg1 women 145:149 obese women 139:149 obese women 139:149 Gut microbial metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids correlate with specific fecal bacteria and serum markers of metabolic syndrome in obese women. 24473752 3 30 theme rDNA 582:585 arg1 analysis 566:573 phylogenetic microarray and qPCR analysis 533:573 phylogenetic microarray and qPCR analysis of 16S rDNA 533:585 In these patients, we had already determined gut microbiota composition by phylogenetic microarray and qPCR analysis of 16S rDNA. 24473752 2 31 theme inulin-type 426:436 arg1 prebiotics 446:455 inulin-type fructan prebiotics 426:455 inulin-type fructan prebiotics 426:455 Therefore, we analyzed the circulating fatty acid profile including CLA/CLnA in obese women treated during 3 months with inulin-type fructan prebiotics. 24473752 0 32 theme fatty 45:49 arg1 acids 51:55 polyunsaturated fatty acids 29:55 polyunsaturated fatty acids 29:55 Gut microbial metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids correlate with specific fecal bacteria and serum markers of metabolic syndrome in obese women. 24473752 3 33 theme microbiota 507:516 arg1 composition 518:528 gut microbiota composition 503:528 gut microbiota composition 503:528 In these patients, we had already determined gut microbiota composition by phylogenetic microarray and qPCR analysis of 16S rDNA. 24473752 0 34 theme obese 139:143 arg1 women 145:149 obese women 139:149 obese women 139:149 Gut microbial metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids correlate with specific fecal bacteria and serum markers of metabolic syndrome in obese women. 24473752 7 35 dep total 1098:1102 arg1 HDL 1110:1112 HDL 1110:1112 HDL 1110:1112 and inversely correlated with serum cholesterol (total, LDL, HDL). 24473752 7 35 dep total 1098:1102 arg1 LDL 1105:1107 LDL 1105:1107 LDL 1105:1107 and inversely correlated with serum cholesterol (total, LDL, HDL). 24473752 4 36 located detected 633:640 arg2 metabolites 616:626 Some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites 588:626 Some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites 588:626 Some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites were detected in the serum of obese patients. 24473752 4 36 located detected 633:640 arg1 serum 649:653 the serum 645:653 the serum of obese patients 645:671 Some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites were detected in the serum of obese patients. 24473752 2 37 theme obese 385:389 arg1 women 391:395 obese women 385:395 obese women treated during 3 months with inulin-type fructan prebiotics 385:455 Therefore, we analyzed the circulating fatty acid profile including CLA/CLnA in obese women treated during 3 months with inulin-type fructan prebiotics. 24473752 0 38 theme polyunsaturated 29:43 arg1 acids 51:55 polyunsaturated fatty acids 29:55 polyunsaturated fatty acids 29:55 Gut microbial metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids correlate with specific fecal bacteria and serum markers of metabolic syndrome in obese women. 24473752 5 39 theme CLA/CLnA-producing 755:772 arg1 bacteria 774:781 CLA/CLnA-producing bacteria 755:781 CLA/CLnA-producing bacteria 755:781 Despite the prebiotic-induced modulation of gut microbiota, including changes in CLA/CLnA-producing bacteria, the treatment did not impact significantly on the circulating level of these metabolites. 24473752 4 40 theme PUFA-derived 593:604 arg1 metabolites 616:626 Some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites 588:626 Some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites 588:626 Some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites were detected in the serum of obese patients. 24473752 4 41 theme patients 664:671 arg1 serum 649:653 the serum 645:653 the serum of obese patients 645:671 Some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites were detected in the serum of obese patients. 24473752 5 42 theme circulating 834:844 arg1 level 846:850 the circulating level 830:850 the circulating level of these metabolites 830:871 Despite the prebiotic-induced modulation of gut microbiota, including changes in CLA/CLnA-producing bacteria, the treatment did not impact significantly on the circulating level of these metabolites. 24473752 6 43 theme bacterial 901:909 arg1 metabolites 911:921 some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites 883:921 some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites 883:921 However, some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites were positively correlated with specific fecal bacteria (Bifidobacterium spp., Eubacterium ventriosum and Lactobacillus spp.) 24473752 5 44 theme microbiota 722:731 arg1 modulation 704:713 the prebiotic-induced modulation 682:713 the prebiotic-induced modulation of gut microbiota 682:731 Despite the prebiotic-induced modulation of gut microbiota, including changes in CLA/CLnA-producing bacteria, the treatment did not impact significantly on the circulating level of these metabolites. 24473752 2 45 theme acid 350:353 arg1 profile 355:361 the circulating fatty acid profile 328:361 the circulating fatty acid profile including CLA/CLnA in obese women treated during 3 months with inulin-type fructan prebiotics 328:455 Therefore, we analyzed the circulating fatty acid profile including CLA/CLnA in obese women treated during 3 months with inulin-type fructan prebiotics. 24473752 0 46 theme acids 51:55 arg1 metabolites 14:24 Gut microbial metabolites 0:24 Gut microbial metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids 0:55 Gut microbial metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids correlate with specific fecal bacteria and serum markers of metabolic syndrome in obese women. 24473752 5 47 theme gut 718:720 arg1 microbiota 722:731 gut microbiota 718:731 gut microbiota 718:731 Despite the prebiotic-induced modulation of gut microbiota, including changes in CLA/CLnA-producing bacteria, the treatment did not impact significantly on the circulating level of these metabolites. 24473752 5 48 from impact 806:811 arg1 level 846:850 the circulating level 830:850 the circulating level of these metabolites 830:871 Despite the prebiotic-induced modulation of gut microbiota, including changes in CLA/CLnA-producing bacteria, the treatment did not impact significantly on the circulating level of these metabolites. 24473752 7 49 theme serum 1079:1083 arg1 cholesterol 1085:1095 serum cholesterol 1079:1095 serum cholesterol (total, LDL, HDL) 1079:1113 and inversely correlated with serum cholesterol (total, LDL, HDL). 24473752 7 49 theme serum 1079:1083 arg1 total 1098:1102 total 1098:1102 total 1098:1102 and inversely correlated with serum cholesterol (total, LDL, HDL). 24473752 2 50 theme fatty 344:348 arg1 profile 355:361 the circulating fatty acid profile 328:361 the circulating fatty acid profile including CLA/CLnA in obese women treated during 3 months with inulin-type fructan prebiotics 328:455 Therefore, we analyzed the circulating fatty acid profile including CLA/CLnA in obese women treated during 3 months with inulin-type fructan prebiotics. 24473752 8 51 theme further 1238:1244 arg1 investigation 1246:1258 further investigation 1238:1258 further investigation 1238:1258 These correlations suggest a potential beneficial effect of some of these metabolites but this remains to be confirmed by further investigation. 24473752 1 52 from influence 198:206 arg1 production 293:302 PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites production 258:302 PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites production 258:302 The aim of this human study was to assess the influence of prebiotic-induced gut microbiota modulation on PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites production. 24473752 0 53 from markers 106:112 arg1 women 145:149 obese women 139:149 obese women 139:149 Gut microbial metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids correlate with specific fecal bacteria and serum markers of metabolic syndrome in obese women. 24473752 2 54 theme circulating 332:342 arg1 profile 355:361 the circulating fatty acid profile 328:361 the circulating fatty acid profile including CLA/CLnA in obese women treated during 3 months with inulin-type fructan prebiotics 328:455 Therefore, we analyzed the circulating fatty acid profile including CLA/CLnA in obese women treated during 3 months with inulin-type fructan prebiotics. 24473752 8 55 theme some 1176:1179 arg1 effect 1166:1171 a potential beneficial effect 1143:1171 a potential beneficial effect of some of these metabolites 1143:1200 These correlations suggest a potential beneficial effect of some of these metabolites but this remains to be confirmed by further investigation. 24473752 0 56 theme specific 72:79 arg1 bacteria 87:94 specific fecal bacteria 72:94 specific fecal bacteria 72:94 Gut microbial metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids correlate with specific fecal bacteria and serum markers of metabolic syndrome in obese women. 24473752 4 57 link PUFA-derived 593:604 arg1 metabolites 616:626 Some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites 588:626 Some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites 588:626 Some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites were detected in the serum of obese patients. 24473752 4 58 theme obese 658:662 arg1 patients 664:671 obese patients 658:671 obese patients 658:671 Some PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites were detected in the serum of obese patients. 24473752 3 59 theme phylogenetic 533:544 arg1 analysis 566:573 phylogenetic microarray and qPCR analysis 533:573 phylogenetic microarray and qPCR analysis of 16S rDNA 533:585 In these patients, we had already determined gut microbiota composition by phylogenetic microarray and qPCR analysis of 16S rDNA. 24473752 1 60 theme prebiotic-induced 211:227 arg1 modulation 244:253 prebiotic-induced gut microbiota modulation 211:253 prebiotic-induced gut microbiota modulation 211:253 The aim of this human study was to assess the influence of prebiotic-induced gut microbiota modulation on PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites production. 24473752 3 61 theme microarray 546:555 arg1 analysis 566:573 phylogenetic microarray and qPCR analysis 533:573 phylogenetic microarray and qPCR analysis of 16S rDNA 533:585 In these patients, we had already determined gut microbiota composition by phylogenetic microarray and qPCR analysis of 16S rDNA. 24473752 8 62 theme potential 1145:1153 arg1 effect 1166:1171 a potential beneficial effect 1143:1171 a potential beneficial effect of some of these metabolites 1143:1200 These correlations suggest a potential beneficial effect of some of these metabolites but this remains to be confirmed by further investigation. 24473752 1 63 theme gut 229:231 arg1 modulation 244:253 prebiotic-induced gut microbiota modulation 211:253 prebiotic-induced gut microbiota modulation 211:253 The aim of this human study was to assess the influence of prebiotic-induced gut microbiota modulation on PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites production. 26672162 0 0 theme FROG 85:88 arg1 BLADDER 98:104 FROG URINARY BLADDER 85:104 FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS 85:121 [EFFECT OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ON NEUTRAL LIPID METABOLISM AND CELLULAR ENERGETICS IN FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS]. 26672162 4 1 dep lipopolysaccharide 479:496 arg1 coli 474:477 E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 471:502 E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 471:502 In the present work performed on epithelial cells isolated from the frog urinary bladder the influence of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on neutral lipid metabolism and cellular energetics was studied. 26672162 4 2 theme frog 433:436 arg1 bladder 446:452 the frog urinary bladder 429:452 the frog urinary bladder 429:452 In the present work performed on epithelial cells isolated from the frog urinary bladder the influence of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on neutral lipid metabolism and cellular energetics was studied. 26672162 5 3 with incubation 587:596 arg1 LPS 612:614 LPS 612:614 LPS 612:614 It was shown that incubation of cells with LPS led to decrease of fatty acids oxidation and to retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG. 26672162 7 4 dep conditions 979:988 arg1 both 950:953 both 950:953 both 950:953 LPS did not alter mitochondrial membrane potential, however, LPS decreased oxygen consumption rate both in basal and uncoupling conditions. 26672162 4 5 from influence 458:466 arg1 metabolism 521:530 neutral lipid metabolism 507:530 neutral lipid metabolism 507:530 In the present work performed on epithelial cells isolated from the frog urinary bladder the influence of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on neutral lipid metabolism and cellular energetics was studied. 26672162 4 5 from influence 458:466 arg1 energetics 545:554 cellular energetics 536:554 cellular energetics 536:554 In the present work performed on epithelial cells isolated from the frog urinary bladder the influence of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on neutral lipid metabolism and cellular energetics was studied. 26672162 1 6 theme antidiuretic 251:262 arg1 hormone 264:270 antidiuretic hormone 251:270 antidiuretic hormone 251:270 It was shown previously that colonization of the frog urinary bladder by gram-negative bacteria leads to decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder (Fock et al. 26672162 0 7 theme BLADDER 98:104 arg1 CELLS 117:121 FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS 85:121 FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS 85:121 [EFFECT OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ON NEUTRAL LIPID METABOLISM AND CELLULAR ENERGETICS IN FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS]. 26672162 0 8 from [EFFECT 0:6 arg1 METABOLISM 47:56 NEUTRAL LIPID METABOLISM 33:56 NEUTRAL LIPID METABOLISM 33:56 [EFFECT OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ON NEUTRAL LIPID METABOLISM AND CELLULAR ENERGETICS IN FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS]. 26672162 0 8 from [EFFECT 0:6 arg1 ENERGETICS 71:80 CELLULAR ENERGETICS 62:80 CELLULAR ENERGETICS 62:80 [EFFECT OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ON NEUTRAL LIPID METABOLISM AND CELLULAR ENERGETICS IN FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS]. 26672162 5 9 theme cells 601:605 arg1 incubation 587:596 incubation 587:596 incubation of cells with LPS 587:614 It was shown that incubation of cells with LPS led to decrease of fatty acids oxidation and to retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG. 26672162 7 10 theme mitochondrial 869:881 arg1 potential 892:900 mitochondrial membrane potential 869:900 mitochondrial membrane potential 869:900 LPS did not alter mitochondrial membrane potential, however, LPS decreased oxygen consumption rate both in basal and uncoupling conditions. 26672162 1 11 theme hormone 264:270 arg1 ability 240:246 decreased ability 230:246 decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder (Fock et al 230:325 It was shown previously that colonization of the frog urinary bladder by gram-negative bacteria leads to decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder (Fock et al. 26672162 0 12 theme URINARY 90:96 arg1 BLADDER 98:104 FROG URINARY BLADDER 85:104 FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS 85:121 [EFFECT OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ON NEUTRAL LIPID METABOLISM AND CELLULAR ENERGETICS IN FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS]. 26672162 6 13 theme TAG 820:822 arg1 composition 805:815 Fatty acid composition 794:815 Fatty acid composition of TAG 794:822 Fatty acid composition of TAG was not changed under LPS. 26672162 1 14 from bladder 307:313 arg1 water 284:288 reabsorb water 275:288 reabsorb water from the urinary bladder (Fock et al 275:325 It was shown previously that colonization of the frog urinary bladder by gram-negative bacteria leads to decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder (Fock et al. 26672162 0 15 from METABOLISM 47:56 arg1 CELLS 117:121 FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS 85:121 FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS 85:121 [EFFECT OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ON NEUTRAL LIPID METABOLISM AND CELLULAR ENERGETICS IN FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS]. 26672162 9 16 theme decreased 1090:1098 arg1 related 1215:1221 related 1215:1221 related 1215:1221 The data obtained indicate that a decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens could be related to inhibition of fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism. 26672162 9 16 theme decreased 1090:1098 arg1 ability 1100:1106 a decreased ability 1088:1106 a decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens 1088:1204 The data obtained indicate that a decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens could be related to inhibition of fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism. 26672162 5 17 theme TAG 789:791 arg1 droplets 749:756 the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount 727:784 the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG 727:791 It was shown that incubation of cells with LPS led to decrease of fatty acids oxidation and to retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG. 26672162 5 17 theme TAG 789:791 arg1 content 758:764 content 758:764 content 758:764 It was shown that incubation of cells with LPS led to decrease of fatty acids oxidation and to retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG. 26672162 5 17 theme TAG 789:791 arg1 amount 779:784 cellular amount 770:784 cellular amount 770:784 It was shown that incubation of cells with LPS led to decrease of fatty acids oxidation and to retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG. 26672162 0 18 theme EPITHELIAL 106:115 arg1 CELLS 117:121 FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS 85:121 FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS 85:121 [EFFECT OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ON NEUTRAL LIPID METABOLISM AND CELLULAR ENERGETICS IN FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS]. 26672162 4 19 theme urinary 438:444 arg1 bladder 446:452 the frog urinary bladder 429:452 the frog urinary bladder 429:452 In the present work performed on epithelial cells isolated from the frog urinary bladder the influence of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on neutral lipid metabolism and cellular energetics was studied. 26672162 7 20 theme consumption 933:943 arg1 rate 945:948 oxygen consumption rate 926:948 oxygen consumption rate 926:948 LPS did not alter mitochondrial membrane potential, however, LPS decreased oxygen consumption rate both in basal and uncoupling conditions. 26672162 1 21 dep bladder 307:313 arg1 Fock 316:319 Fock 316:319 Fock 316:319 It was shown previously that colonization of the frog urinary bladder by gram-negative bacteria leads to decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder (Fock et al. 26672162 9 22 from bladder 1167:1173 arg1 water 1144:1148 reabsorb water 1135:1148 reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens 1135:1204 The data obtained indicate that a decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens could be related to inhibition of fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism. 26672162 1 23 dep Fock 316:319 arg1 al 324:325 Fock et al 316:325 Fock et al 316:325 It was shown previously that colonization of the frog urinary bladder by gram-negative bacteria leads to decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder (Fock et al. 26672162 1 24 theme frog 174:177 arg1 bladder 187:193 the frog urinary bladder 170:193 the frog urinary bladder 170:193 It was shown previously that colonization of the frog urinary bladder by gram-negative bacteria leads to decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder (Fock et al. 26672162 7 25 theme basal 958:962 arg1 conditions 979:988 basal and uncoupling conditions 958:988 basal and uncoupling conditions 958:988 LPS did not alter mitochondrial membrane potential, however, LPS decreased oxygen consumption rate both in basal and uncoupling conditions. 26672162 1 26 theme reabsorb 275:282 arg1 water 284:288 reabsorb water 275:288 reabsorb water from the urinary bladder (Fock et al 275:325 It was shown previously that colonization of the frog urinary bladder by gram-negative bacteria leads to decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder (Fock et al. 26672162 9 27 theme antidiuretic 1111:1122 arg1 hormone 1124:1130 antidiuretic hormone 1111:1130 antidiuretic hormone 1111:1130 The data obtained indicate that a decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens could be related to inhibition of fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism. 26672162 4 28 theme present 372:378 arg1 work 380:383 the present work 368:383 the present work performed on epithelial cells isolated from the frog urinary bladder 368:452 In the present work performed on epithelial cells isolated from the frog urinary bladder the influence of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on neutral lipid metabolism and cellular energetics was studied. 26672162 8 29 theme LPS 1051:1053 arg1 presence 1039:1046 the presence 1035:1046 the presence of LPS 1035:1053 Cellular ATP production was also reduced in the presence of LPS. 26672162 1 30 theme urinary 179:185 arg1 bladder 187:193 the frog urinary bladder 170:193 the frog urinary bladder 170:193 It was shown previously that colonization of the frog urinary bladder by gram-negative bacteria leads to decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder (Fock et al. 26672162 5 31 theme cytoplasmic 731:741 arg1 droplets 749:756 the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount 727:784 the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG 727:791 It was shown that incubation of cells with LPS led to decrease of fatty acids oxidation and to retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG. 26672162 5 31 theme cytoplasmic 731:741 arg1 content 758:764 content 758:764 content 758:764 It was shown that incubation of cells with LPS led to decrease of fatty acids oxidation and to retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG. 26672162 5 31 theme cytoplasmic 731:741 arg1 amount 779:784 cellular amount 770:784 cellular amount 770:784 It was shown that incubation of cells with LPS led to decrease of fatty acids oxidation and to retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG. 26672162 5 32 dep led 616:618 arg1 followed 700:707 followed 700:707 followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG 700:791 It was shown that incubation of cells with LPS led to decrease of fatty acids oxidation and to retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG. 26672162 7 33 theme uncoupling 968:977 arg1 conditions 979:988 basal and uncoupling conditions 958:988 basal and uncoupling conditions 958:988 LPS did not alter mitochondrial membrane potential, however, LPS decreased oxygen consumption rate both in basal and uncoupling conditions. 26672162 9 34 theme hormone 1124:1130 arg1 related 1215:1221 related 1215:1221 related 1215:1221 The data obtained indicate that a decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens could be related to inhibition of fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism. 26672162 9 34 theme hormone 1124:1130 arg1 ability 1100:1106 a decreased ability 1088:1106 a decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens 1088:1204 The data obtained indicate that a decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens could be related to inhibition of fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism. 26672162 1 35 theme bladder 187:193 arg1 colonization 154:165 colonization 154:165 colonization of the frog urinary bladder by gram-negative bacteria 154:219 It was shown previously that colonization of the frog urinary bladder by gram-negative bacteria leads to decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder (Fock et al. 26672162 0 36 theme LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE 11:28 arg1 [EFFECT 0:6 [EFFECT 0:6 [EFFECT OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ON NEUTRAL LIPID METABOLISM AND CELLULAR ENERGETICS IN FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS 0:121 [EFFECT OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ON NEUTRAL LIPID METABOLISM AND CELLULAR ENERGETICS IN FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS]. 26672162 4 37 theme neutral 507:513 arg1 metabolism 521:530 neutral lipid metabolism 507:530 neutral lipid metabolism 507:530 In the present work performed on epithelial cells isolated from the frog urinary bladder the influence of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on neutral lipid metabolism and cellular energetics was studied. 26672162 5 38 theme fatty 635:639 arg1 acids 641:645 fatty acids 635:645 fatty acids oxidation 635:655 It was shown that incubation of cells with LPS led to decrease of fatty acids oxidation and to retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG. 26672162 4 39 theme epithelial 398:407 arg1 cells 409:413 epithelial cells 398:413 epithelial cells isolated from the frog urinary bladder 398:452 In the present work performed on epithelial cells isolated from the frog urinary bladder the influence of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on neutral lipid metabolism and cellular energetics was studied. 26672162 0 40 theme LIPID 41:45 arg1 METABOLISM 47:56 NEUTRAL LIPID METABOLISM 33:56 NEUTRAL LIPID METABOLISM 33:56 [EFFECT OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ON NEUTRAL LIPID METABOLISM AND CELLULAR ENERGETICS IN FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS]. 26672162 5 41 theme acids 641:645 arg1 oxidation 647:655 fatty acids oxidation 635:655 fatty acids oxidation 635:655 It was shown that incubation of cells with LPS led to decrease of fatty acids oxidation and to retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG. 26672162 9 42 theme reabsorb 1135:1142 arg1 water 1144:1148 reabsorb water 1135:1148 reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens 1135:1204 The data obtained indicate that a decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens could be related to inhibition of fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism. 26672162 4 43 attach isolated 415:422 arg2 cells 409:413 epithelial cells 398:413 epithelial cells isolated from the frog urinary bladder 398:452 In the present work performed on epithelial cells isolated from the frog urinary bladder the influence of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on neutral lipid metabolism and cellular energetics was studied. 26672162 4 43 attach isolated 415:422 arg1 bladder 446:452 the frog urinary bladder 429:452 the frog urinary bladder 429:452 In the present work performed on epithelial cells isolated from the frog urinary bladder the influence of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on neutral lipid metabolism and cellular energetics was studied. 26672162 1 44 theme gram-negative 198:210 arg1 bacteria 212:219 gram-negative bacteria 198:219 gram-negative bacteria 198:219 It was shown previously that colonization of the frog urinary bladder by gram-negative bacteria leads to decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder (Fock et al. 26672162 0 45 theme NEUTRAL 33:39 arg1 METABOLISM 47:56 NEUTRAL LIPID METABOLISM 33:56 NEUTRAL LIPID METABOLISM 33:56 [EFFECT OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ON NEUTRAL LIPID METABOLISM AND CELLULAR ENERGETICS IN FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS]. 26672162 1 46 theme urinary 299:305 arg1 bladder 307:313 the urinary bladder 295:313 the urinary bladder (Fock et al 295:325 It was shown previously that colonization of the frog urinary bladder by gram-negative bacteria leads to decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder (Fock et al. 26672162 4 47 theme lipid 515:519 arg1 metabolism 521:530 neutral lipid metabolism 507:530 neutral lipid metabolism 507:530 In the present work performed on epithelial cells isolated from the frog urinary bladder the influence of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on neutral lipid metabolism and cellular energetics was studied. 26672162 0 48 from ENERGETICS 71:80 arg1 CELLS 117:121 FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS 85:121 FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS 85:121 [EFFECT OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ON NEUTRAL LIPID METABOLISM AND CELLULAR ENERGETICS IN FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS]. 26672162 5 49 theme cellular 770:777 arg1 droplets 749:756 the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount 727:784 the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG 727:791 It was shown that incubation of cells with LPS led to decrease of fatty acids oxidation and to retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG. 26672162 5 49 theme cellular 770:777 arg1 amount 779:784 cellular amount 770:784 cellular amount 770:784 It was shown that incubation of cells with LPS led to decrease of fatty acids oxidation and to retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG. 26672162 4 50 theme E. 471:472 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 479:496 lipopolysaccharide 479:496 E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 471:502 In the present work performed on epithelial cells isolated from the frog urinary bladder the influence of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on neutral lipid metabolism and cellular energetics was studied. 26672162 4 50 theme E. 471:472 arg1 LPS 499:501 LPS 499:501 LPS 499:501 In the present work performed on epithelial cells isolated from the frog urinary bladder the influence of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on neutral lipid metabolism and cellular energetics was studied. 26672162 9 51 theme fatty 1240:1244 arg1 acids 1246:1250 fatty acids 1240:1250 fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism 1240:1291 The data obtained indicate that a decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens could be related to inhibition of fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism. 26672162 9 51 theme fatty 1240:1244 arg1 oxidation 1252:1260 oxidation 1252:1260 oxidation 1252:1260 The data obtained indicate that a decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens could be related to inhibition of fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism. 26672162 9 51 theme fatty 1240:1244 arg1 metabolism 1282:1291 impaired energy metabolism 1266:1291 impaired energy metabolism 1266:1291 The data obtained indicate that a decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens could be related to inhibition of fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism. 26672162 6 52 theme acid 800:803 arg1 composition 805:815 Fatty acid composition 794:815 Fatty acid composition of TAG 794:822 Fatty acid composition of TAG was not changed under LPS. 26672162 5 53 theme oxidation 647:655 arg1 decrease 623:630 decrease 623:630 decrease of fatty acids oxidation 623:655 It was shown that incubation of cells with LPS led to decrease of fatty acids oxidation and to retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG. 26672162 9 54 theme energy 1275:1280 arg1 acids 1246:1250 fatty acids 1240:1250 fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism 1240:1291 The data obtained indicate that a decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens could be related to inhibition of fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism. 26672162 9 54 theme energy 1275:1280 arg1 metabolism 1282:1291 impaired energy metabolism 1266:1291 impaired energy metabolism 1266:1291 The data obtained indicate that a decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens could be related to inhibition of fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism. 26672162 8 55 theme Cellular 991:998 arg1 production 1004:1013 Cellular ATP production 991:1013 Cellular ATP production 991:1013 Cellular ATP production was also reduced in the presence of LPS. 26672162 4 56 theme cellular 536:543 arg1 energetics 545:554 cellular energetics 536:554 cellular energetics 536:554 In the present work performed on epithelial cells isolated from the frog urinary bladder the influence of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on neutral lipid metabolism and cellular energetics was studied. 26672162 9 57 theme bacterial 1186:1194 arg1 pathogens 1196:1204 bacterial pathogens 1186:1204 bacterial pathogens 1186:1204 The data obtained indicate that a decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens could be related to inhibition of fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism. 26672162 6 58 theme Fatty 794:798 arg1 composition 805:815 Fatty acid composition 794:815 Fatty acid composition of TAG 794:822 Fatty acid composition of TAG was not changed under LPS. 26672162 4 59 theme lipopolysaccharide 479:496 arg1 influence 458:466 the influence 454:466 the influence of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on neutral lipid metabolism and cellular energetics 454:554 In the present work performed on epithelial cells isolated from the frog urinary bladder the influence of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on neutral lipid metabolism and cellular energetics was studied. 26672162 3 60 dep Zool. 336:340 arg1 487-494 355:361 487-494 355:361 487-494 355:361 Zool., 2013, 319A: 487-494). 26672162 9 61 theme urinary 1159:1165 arg1 bladder 1167:1173 the urinary bladder 1155:1173 the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens 1155:1204 The data obtained indicate that a decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens could be related to inhibition of fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism. 26672162 9 62 theme acids 1246:1250 arg1 inhibition 1226:1235 inhibition 1226:1235 inhibition of fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism 1226:1291 The data obtained indicate that a decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens could be related to inhibition of fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism. 26672162 7 63 theme oxygen 926:931 arg1 rate 945:948 oxygen consumption rate 926:948 oxygen consumption rate 926:948 LPS did not alter mitochondrial membrane potential, however, LPS decreased oxygen consumption rate both in basal and uncoupling conditions. 26672162 5 64 theme triacylglycerols 677:692 arg1 retention 664:672 retention 664:672 retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) 664:698 It was shown that incubation of cells with LPS led to decrease of fatty acids oxidation and to retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG. 26672162 5 65 dep droplets 749:756 arg1 droplets 749:756 the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount 727:784 the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG 727:791 It was shown that incubation of cells with LPS led to decrease of fatty acids oxidation and to retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG. 26672162 5 65 dep droplets 749:756 arg1 content 758:764 content 758:764 content 758:764 It was shown that incubation of cells with LPS led to decrease of fatty acids oxidation and to retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG. 26672162 5 65 dep droplets 749:756 arg1 amount 779:784 cellular amount 770:784 cellular amount 770:784 It was shown that incubation of cells with LPS led to decrease of fatty acids oxidation and to retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG. 26672162 5 66 theme droplets 749:756 arg1 increase 715:722 an increase 712:722 an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG 712:791 It was shown that incubation of cells with LPS led to decrease of fatty acids oxidation and to retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG. 26672162 1 67 theme decreased 230:238 arg1 ability 240:246 decreased ability 230:246 decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder (Fock et al 230:325 It was shown previously that colonization of the frog urinary bladder by gram-negative bacteria leads to decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder (Fock et al. 26672162 0 68 theme CELLULAR 62:69 arg1 ENERGETICS 71:80 CELLULAR ENERGETICS 62:80 CELLULAR ENERGETICS 62:80 [EFFECT OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ON NEUTRAL LIPID METABOLISM AND CELLULAR ENERGETICS IN FROG URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS]. 26672162 9 69 dep acids 1246:1250 arg1 acids 1246:1250 fatty acids 1240:1250 fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism 1240:1291 The data obtained indicate that a decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens could be related to inhibition of fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism. 26672162 9 69 dep acids 1246:1250 arg1 oxidation 1252:1260 oxidation 1252:1260 oxidation 1252:1260 The data obtained indicate that a decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens could be related to inhibition of fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism. 26672162 9 69 dep acids 1246:1250 arg1 metabolism 1282:1291 impaired energy metabolism 1266:1291 impaired energy metabolism 1266:1291 The data obtained indicate that a decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens could be related to inhibition of fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism. 26672162 5 70 theme lipid 743:747 arg1 droplets 749:756 the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount 727:784 the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG 727:791 It was shown that incubation of cells with LPS led to decrease of fatty acids oxidation and to retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG. 26672162 5 70 theme lipid 743:747 arg1 content 758:764 content 758:764 content 758:764 It was shown that incubation of cells with LPS led to decrease of fatty acids oxidation and to retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG. 26672162 5 70 theme lipid 743:747 arg1 amount 779:784 cellular amount 770:784 cellular amount 770:784 It was shown that incubation of cells with LPS led to decrease of fatty acids oxidation and to retention of triacylglycerols (TAG) followed by an increase of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and cellular amount of TAG. 26672162 7 71 theme membrane 883:890 arg1 potential 892:900 mitochondrial membrane potential 869:900 mitochondrial membrane potential 869:900 LPS did not alter mitochondrial membrane potential, however, LPS decreased oxygen consumption rate both in basal and uncoupling conditions. 26672162 8 72 theme ATP 1000:1002 arg1 production 1004:1013 Cellular ATP production 991:1013 Cellular ATP production 991:1013 Cellular ATP production was also reduced in the presence of LPS. 26672162 9 73 theme impaired 1266:1273 arg1 acids 1246:1250 fatty acids 1240:1250 fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism 1240:1291 The data obtained indicate that a decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens could be related to inhibition of fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism. 26672162 9 73 theme impaired 1266:1273 arg1 metabolism 1282:1291 impaired energy metabolism 1266:1291 impaired energy metabolism 1266:1291 The data obtained indicate that a decreased ability of antidiuretic hormone to reabsorb water from the urinary bladder induced by bacterial pathogens could be related to inhibition of fatty acids oxidation and impaired energy metabolism. 28074117 0 0 theme Soil-Grown 72:81 arg1 Plants 83:88 Soil-Grown Plants 72:88 Soil-Grown Plants 72:88 The Essential Oils of Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots and Roots of Soil-Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities. 28074117 1 1 theme carthamoides 310:321 arg1 SGR 290:292 SGR 290:292 SGR 290:292 The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the hairy roots (HR) and roots of soil-grown plants (SGR) of Rhaponticum carthamoides and were analyzed by GC-MS method. 28074117 1 1 theme carthamoides 310:321 arg1 plants 282:287 soil-grown plants 271:287 soil-grown plants (SGR) of Rhaponticum carthamoides 271:321 The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the hairy roots (HR) and roots of soil-grown plants (SGR) of Rhaponticum carthamoides and were analyzed by GC-MS method. 28074117 5 2 theme oil 621:623 arg1 compounds 595:603 The major compounds 585:603 The major compounds of HR essential oil 585:623 The major compounds of HR essential oil were cyperene, 13-norcypera-1(5),11(12)-diene, and cadalene while aplotaxene, nardosina-1(10),11-diene, and dauca-4(11),8-diene dominated in SGR essential oil. 28074117 5 2 theme oil 621:623 arg1 cyperene 630:637 cyperene 630:637 cyperene 630:637 The major compounds of HR essential oil were cyperene, 13-norcypera-1(5),11(12)-diene, and cadalene while aplotaxene, nardosina-1(10),11-diene, and dauca-4(11),8-diene dominated in SGR essential oil. 28074117 3 3 theme qualitative 469:479 arg1 composition 498:508 the qualitative and quantitative composition 465:508 the qualitative and quantitative composition 465:508 The root essential oils showed the differences in the qualitative and quantitative composition. 28074117 7 4 theme LPS-treatment 1057:1069 arg1 astrocytes 1071:1080 LPS-treatment astrocytes 1057:1080 LPS-treatment astrocytes 1057:1080 HR and SGR essential oils also decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and the ROS level in LPS-treatment astrocytes. 28074117 6 5 theme essential 790:798 arg1 oils 800:803 Both essential oils 785:803 Both essential oils 785:803 Both essential oils showed antibacterial activity especially against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) (MIC value = 125 µg/mL). 28074117 7 6 theme HR 954:955 arg1 oils 975:978 HR and SGR essential oils 954:978 HR and SGR essential oils 954:978 HR and SGR essential oils also decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and the ROS level in LPS-treatment astrocytes. 28074117 9 7 theme valuable 1377:1384 arg1 source 1386:1391 a valuable source 1375:1391 a valuable source of the essential oil 1375:1412 The results show that R. carthamoides hairy roots may be a valuable source of the essential oil and may be an alternative to the roots of soil-grown plants. 28074117 9 7 theme valuable 1377:1384 arg1 roots 1362:1366 R. carthamoides hairy roots 1340:1366 R. carthamoides hairy roots 1340:1366 The results show that R. carthamoides hairy roots may be a valuable source of the essential oil and may be an alternative to the roots of soil-grown plants. 28074117 7 8 theme ROS 1044:1046 arg1 level 1048:1052 the ROS level 1040:1052 the ROS level in LPS-treatment astrocytes 1040:1080 HR and SGR essential oils also decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and the ROS level in LPS-treatment astrocytes. 28074117 6 9 theme antibacterial 812:824 arg1 activity 826:833 antibacterial activity 812:833 antibacterial activity especially against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) (MIC value = 125 µg/mL) 812:951 Both essential oils showed antibacterial activity especially against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) (MIC value = 125 µg/mL). 28074117 4 10 theme essential 569:577 arg1 oils 579:582 both essential oils 564:582 both essential oils 564:582 The sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (55-62%) dominated in both essential oils. 28074117 0 11 theme Plants 83:88 arg1 Roots 63:67 Roots 63:67 Roots 63:67 The Essential Oils of Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots and Roots of Soil-Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities. 28074117 0 11 theme Plants 83:88 arg1 Roots 53:57 Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots 22:57 Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots 22:57 The Essential Oils of Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots and Roots of Soil-Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities. 28074117 8 12 theme hairy 1183:1187 arg1 roots 1189:1193 hairy roots 1183:1193 hairy roots 1183:1193 This is the first report to describe the chemical composition of R. carthamoides essential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential. 28074117 8 13 from production 1259:1268 arg1 astrocytes 1273:1282 astrocytes 1273:1282 astrocytes 1273:1282 This is the first report to describe the chemical composition of R. carthamoides essential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential. 28074117 7 14 theme SGR 961:963 arg1 oils 975:978 HR and SGR essential oils 954:978 HR and SGR essential oils 954:978 HR and SGR essential oils also decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and the ROS level in LPS-treatment astrocytes. 28074117 5 15 theme major 589:593 arg1 compounds 595:603 The major compounds 585:603 The major compounds of HR essential oil 585:623 The major compounds of HR essential oil were cyperene, 13-norcypera-1(5),11(12)-diene, and cadalene while aplotaxene, nardosina-1(10),11-diene, and dauca-4(11),8-diene dominated in SGR essential oil. 28074117 5 15 theme major 589:593 arg1 cyperene 630:637 cyperene 630:637 cyperene 630:637 The major compounds of HR essential oil were cyperene, 13-norcypera-1(5),11(12)-diene, and cadalene while aplotaxene, nardosina-1(10),11-diene, and dauca-4(11),8-diene dominated in SGR essential oil. 28074117 8 16 theme first 1095:1099 arg1 This 1083:1086 This 1083:1086 This 1083:1086 This is the first report to describe the chemical composition of R. carthamoides essential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential. 28074117 8 16 theme first 1095:1099 arg1 report 1101:1106 the first report 1091:1106 the first report to describe the chemical composition of R. carthamoides essential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential 1091:1315 This is the first report to describe the chemical composition of R. carthamoides essential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential. 28074117 6 17 theme MIC 930:932 arg1 125 µg/mL 942:950 MIC value = 125 µg/mL 930:950 MIC value = 125 µg/mL 930:950 Both essential oils showed antibacterial activity especially against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) (MIC value = 125 µg/mL). 28074117 6 17 theme MIC 930:932 arg1 faecalis 867:874 Enterococcus faecalis 854:874 Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) 854:887 Both essential oils showed antibacterial activity especially against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) (MIC value = 125 µg/mL). 28074117 0 18 theme Chemical 91:98 arg1 Composition 100:110 Chemical Composition 91:110 Chemical Composition 91:110 The Essential Oils of Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots and Roots of Soil-Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities. 28074117 1 19 theme GC-MS 344:348 arg1 method 350:355 GC-MS method 344:355 GC-MS method 344:355 The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the hairy roots (HR) and roots of soil-grown plants (SGR) of Rhaponticum carthamoides and were analyzed by GC-MS method. 28074117 7 20 theme IL-1β 1013:1017 arg1 expression 999:1008 the expression 995:1008 the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α 995:1034 HR and SGR essential oils also decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and the ROS level in LPS-treatment astrocytes. 28074117 7 20 theme IL-1β 1013:1017 arg1 level 1048:1052 the ROS level 1040:1052 the ROS level in LPS-treatment astrocytes 1040:1080 HR and SGR essential oils also decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and the ROS level in LPS-treatment astrocytes. 28074117 9 21 theme carthamoides 1343:1354 arg1 source 1386:1391 a valuable source 1375:1391 a valuable source of the essential oil 1375:1412 The results show that R. carthamoides hairy roots may be a valuable source of the essential oil and may be an alternative to the roots of soil-grown plants. 28074117 9 21 theme carthamoides 1343:1354 arg1 roots 1362:1366 R. carthamoides hairy roots 1340:1366 R. carthamoides hairy roots 1340:1366 The results show that R. carthamoides hairy roots may be a valuable source of the essential oil and may be an alternative to the roots of soil-grown plants. 28074117 2 22 theme the 361:363 arg1 oils 380:383 the both essential oils 361:383 oils 380:383 In the both essential oils 62 compounds were identified. 28074117 0 23 theme Essential 4:12 arg1 Oils 14:17 The Essential Oils 0:17 The Essential Oils of Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots and Roots of Soil-Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities. 0:176 The Essential Oils of Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots and Roots of Soil-Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities. 28074117 5 24 theme HR 608:609 arg1 oil 621:623 HR essential oil 608:623 HR essential oil 608:623 The major compounds of HR essential oil were cyperene, 13-norcypera-1(5),11(12)-diene, and cadalene while aplotaxene, nardosina-1(10),11-diene, and dauca-4(11),8-diene dominated in SGR essential oil. 28074117 3 25 from differences 450:460 arg1 composition 498:508 the qualitative and quantitative composition 465:508 the qualitative and quantitative composition 465:508 The root essential oils showed the differences in the qualitative and quantitative composition. 28074117 9 26 theme oil 1410:1412 arg1 source 1386:1391 a valuable source 1375:1391 a valuable source of the essential oil 1375:1412 The results show that R. carthamoides hairy roots may be a valuable source of the essential oil and may be an alternative to the roots of soil-grown plants. 28074117 9 26 theme oil 1410:1412 arg1 roots 1362:1366 R. carthamoides hairy roots 1340:1366 R. carthamoides hairy roots 1340:1366 The results show that R. carthamoides hairy roots may be a valuable source of the essential oil and may be an alternative to the roots of soil-grown plants. 28074117 9 26 theme oil 1410:1412 arg1 alternative 1428:1438 an alternative 1425:1438 an alternative to the roots of soil-grown plants 1425:1472 The results show that R. carthamoides hairy roots may be a valuable source of the essential oil and may be an alternative to the roots of soil-grown plants. 28074117 8 27 from inflammation 1238:1249 arg1 astrocytes 1273:1282 astrocytes 1273:1282 astrocytes 1273:1282 This is the first report to describe the chemical composition of R. carthamoides essential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential. 28074117 1 28 theme essential 182:190 arg1 oils 192:195 The essential oils 178:195 The essential oils 178:195 The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the hairy roots (HR) and roots of soil-grown plants (SGR) of Rhaponticum carthamoides and were analyzed by GC-MS method. 28074117 7 29 theme TNF-α 1030:1034 arg1 expression 999:1008 the expression 995:1008 the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α 995:1034 HR and SGR essential oils also decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and the ROS level in LPS-treatment astrocytes. 28074117 7 29 theme TNF-α 1030:1034 arg1 level 1048:1052 the ROS level 1040:1052 the ROS level in LPS-treatment astrocytes 1040:1080 HR and SGR essential oils also decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and the ROS level in LPS-treatment astrocytes. 28074117 6 30 theme ATCC 877:880 arg1 faecalis 867:874 Enterococcus faecalis 854:874 Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) 854:887 Both essential oils showed antibacterial activity especially against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) (MIC value = 125 µg/mL). 28074117 6 30 theme ATCC 877:880 arg1 29212 882:886 ATCC 29212 877:886 ATCC 29212 877:886 Both essential oils showed antibacterial activity especially against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) (MIC value = 125 µg/mL). 28074117 5 31 theme essential 611:619 arg1 oil 621:623 HR essential oil 608:623 HR essential oil 608:623 The major compounds of HR essential oil were cyperene, 13-norcypera-1(5),11(12)-diene, and cadalene while aplotaxene, nardosina-1(10),11-diene, and dauca-4(11),8-diene dominated in SGR essential oil. 28074117 8 32 theme protective 1200:1209 arg1 effect 1211:1216 its protective effect 1196:1216 its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes 1196:1282 This is the first report to describe the chemical composition of R. carthamoides essential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential. 28074117 6 33 theme = 940:940 arg1 125 µg/mL 942:950 MIC value = 125 µg/mL 930:950 MIC value = 125 µg/mL 930:950 Both essential oils showed antibacterial activity especially against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) (MIC value = 125 µg/mL). 28074117 6 33 theme = 940:940 arg1 faecalis 867:874 Enterococcus faecalis 854:874 Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) 854:887 Both essential oils showed antibacterial activity especially against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) (MIC value = 125 µg/mL). 28074117 7 34 theme IL-6 1020:1023 arg1 expression 999:1008 the expression 995:1008 the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α 995:1034 HR and SGR essential oils also decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and the ROS level in LPS-treatment astrocytes. 28074117 7 34 theme IL-6 1020:1023 arg1 level 1048:1052 the ROS level 1040:1052 the ROS level in LPS-treatment astrocytes 1040:1080 HR and SGR essential oils also decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and the ROS level in LPS-treatment astrocytes. 28074117 0 35 theme Antimicrobial 116:128 arg1 Activities 166:175 Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities 116:175 Activities 166:175 The Essential Oils of Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots and Roots of Soil-Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities. 28074117 8 36 theme ROS 1255:1257 arg1 production 1259:1268 ROS production 1255:1268 ROS production 1255:1268 This is the first report to describe the chemical composition of R. carthamoides essential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential. 28074117 8 37 theme LPS-induced 1226:1236 arg1 inflammation 1238:1249 LPS-induced inflammation 1226:1249 LPS-induced inflammation 1226:1249 This is the first report to describe the chemical composition of R. carthamoides essential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential. 28074117 6 38 theme value 934:938 arg1 125 µg/mL 942:950 MIC value = 125 µg/mL 930:950 MIC value = 125 µg/mL 930:950 Both essential oils showed antibacterial activity especially against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) (MIC value = 125 µg/mL). 28074117 6 38 theme value 934:938 arg1 faecalis 867:874 Enterococcus faecalis 854:874 Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) 854:887 Both essential oils showed antibacterial activity especially against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) (MIC value = 125 µg/mL). 28074117 1 39 theme soil-grown 271:280 arg1 SGR 290:292 SGR 290:292 SGR 290:292 The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the hairy roots (HR) and roots of soil-grown plants (SGR) of Rhaponticum carthamoides and were analyzed by GC-MS method. 28074117 1 39 theme soil-grown 271:280 arg1 plants 282:287 soil-grown plants 271:287 soil-grown plants (SGR) of Rhaponticum carthamoides 271:321 The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the hairy roots (HR) and roots of soil-grown plants (SGR) of Rhaponticum carthamoides and were analyzed by GC-MS method. 28074117 9 40 theme hairy 1356:1360 arg1 source 1386:1391 a valuable source 1375:1391 a valuable source of the essential oil 1375:1412 The results show that R. carthamoides hairy roots may be a valuable source of the essential oil and may be an alternative to the roots of soil-grown plants. 28074117 9 40 theme hairy 1356:1360 arg1 roots 1362:1366 R. carthamoides hairy roots 1340:1366 R. carthamoides hairy roots 1340:1366 The results show that R. carthamoides hairy roots may be a valuable source of the essential oil and may be an alternative to the roots of soil-grown plants. 28074117 8 41 theme antimicrobial 1293:1305 arg1 potential 1307:1315 its antimicrobial potential 1289:1315 its antimicrobial potential 1289:1315 This is the first report to describe the chemical composition of R. carthamoides essential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential. 28074117 5 42 theme SGR 766:768 arg1 oil 780:782 SGR essential oil 766:782 SGR essential oil 766:782 The major compounds of HR essential oil were cyperene, 13-norcypera-1(5),11(12)-diene, and cadalene while aplotaxene, nardosina-1(10),11-diene, and dauca-4(11),8-diene dominated in SGR essential oil. 28074117 0 43 theme carthamoides 34:45 arg1 Roots 53:57 Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots 22:57 Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots 22:57 The Essential Oils of Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots and Roots of Soil-Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities. 28074117 1 44 theme plants 282:287 arg1 HR 254:255 HR 254:255 HR 254:255 The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the hairy roots (HR) and roots of soil-grown plants (SGR) of Rhaponticum carthamoides and were analyzed by GC-MS method. 28074117 1 44 theme plants 282:287 arg1 roots 262:266 roots 262:266 roots 262:266 The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the hairy roots (HR) and roots of soil-grown plants (SGR) of Rhaponticum carthamoides and were analyzed by GC-MS method. 28074117 1 44 theme plants 282:287 arg1 roots 247:251 the hairy roots 237:251 the hairy roots (HR) 237:256 The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the hairy roots (HR) and roots of soil-grown plants (SGR) of Rhaponticum carthamoides and were analyzed by GC-MS method. 28074117 0 45 theme Anti-Inflammatory 131:147 arg1 Activities 166:175 Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities 116:175 Activities 166:175 The Essential Oils of Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots and Roots of Soil-Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities. 28074117 8 46 theme essential 1164:1172 arg1 oil 1174:1176 essential oil 1164:1176 essential oil from hairy roots 1164:1193 This is the first report to describe the chemical composition of R. carthamoides essential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential. 28074117 3 47 theme root 419:422 arg1 oils 434:437 The root essential oils 415:437 The root essential oils 415:437 The root essential oils showed the differences in the qualitative and quantitative composition. 28074117 0 48 theme Rhaponticum 22:32 arg1 Roots 53:57 Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots 22:57 Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots 22:57 The Essential Oils of Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots and Roots of Soil-Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities. 28074117 3 49 theme essential 424:432 arg1 oils 434:437 The root essential oils 415:437 The root essential oils 415:437 The root essential oils showed the differences in the qualitative and quantitative composition. 28074117 0 50 theme Roots 53:57 arg1 Oils 14:17 The Essential Oils 0:17 The Essential Oils of Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots and Roots of Soil-Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities. 0:176 The Essential Oils of Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots and Roots of Soil-Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities. 28074117 7 51 from level 1048:1052 arg1 astrocytes 1071:1080 LPS-treatment astrocytes 1057:1080 LPS-treatment astrocytes 1057:1080 HR and SGR essential oils also decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and the ROS level in LPS-treatment astrocytes. 28074117 9 52 theme R. 1340:1341 arg1 source 1386:1391 a valuable source 1375:1391 a valuable source of the essential oil 1375:1412 The results show that R. carthamoides hairy roots may be a valuable source of the essential oil and may be an alternative to the roots of soil-grown plants. 28074117 9 52 theme R. 1340:1341 arg1 roots 1362:1366 R. carthamoides hairy roots 1340:1366 R. carthamoides hairy roots 1340:1366 The results show that R. carthamoides hairy roots may be a valuable source of the essential oil and may be an alternative to the roots of soil-grown plants. 28074117 0 53 theme Hairy 47:51 arg1 Roots 53:57 Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots 22:57 Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots 22:57 The Essential Oils of Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots and Roots of Soil-Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities. 28074117 7 54 from expression 999:1008 arg1 astrocytes 1071:1080 LPS-treatment astrocytes 1057:1080 LPS-treatment astrocytes 1057:1080 HR and SGR essential oils also decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and the ROS level in LPS-treatment astrocytes. 28074117 1 55 attach isolated 202:209 arg1 HR 254:255 HR 254:255 HR 254:255 The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the hairy roots (HR) and roots of soil-grown plants (SGR) of Rhaponticum carthamoides and were analyzed by GC-MS method. 28074117 1 55 attach isolated 202:209 arg1 roots 262:266 roots 262:266 roots 262:266 The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the hairy roots (HR) and roots of soil-grown plants (SGR) of Rhaponticum carthamoides and were analyzed by GC-MS method. 28074117 1 55 attach isolated 202:209 arg1 roots 247:251 the hairy roots 237:251 the hairy roots (HR) 237:256 The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the hairy roots (HR) and roots of soil-grown plants (SGR) of Rhaponticum carthamoides and were analyzed by GC-MS method. 28074117 1 55 attach isolated 202:209 arg2 oils 192:195 The essential oils 178:195 The essential oils 178:195 The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the hairy roots (HR) and roots of soil-grown plants (SGR) of Rhaponticum carthamoides and were analyzed by GC-MS method. 28074117 7 56 theme essential 965:973 arg1 oils 975:978 HR and SGR essential oils 954:978 HR and SGR essential oils 954:978 HR and SGR essential oils also decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and the ROS level in LPS-treatment astrocytes. 28074117 8 57 theme chemical 1124:1131 arg1 composition 1133:1143 the chemical composition 1120:1143 the chemical composition of R. carthamoides essential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential 1120:1315 This is the first report to describe the chemical composition of R. carthamoides essential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential. 28074117 4 58 theme sesquiterpene 515:527 arg1 hydrocarbons 529:540 The sesquiterpene hydrocarbons 511:540 The sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (55-62%) 511:549 The sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (55-62%) dominated in both essential oils. 28074117 4 58 theme sesquiterpene 515:527 arg1 % 548:548 55-62% 543:548 55-62% 543:548 The sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (55-62%) dominated in both essential oils. 28074117 8 59 dep R. 1148:1149 arg1 carthamoides 1151:1162 carthamoides 1151:1162 carthamoides essential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential 1151:1315 This is the first report to describe the chemical composition of R. carthamoides essential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential. 28074117 9 60 theme plants 1467:1472 arg1 roots 1447:1451 the roots 1443:1451 the roots of soil-grown plants 1443:1472 The results show that R. carthamoides hairy roots may be a valuable source of the essential oil and may be an alternative to the roots of soil-grown plants. 28074117 8 61 theme R. 1148:1149 arg1 composition 1133:1143 the chemical composition 1120:1143 the chemical composition of R. carthamoides essential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential 1120:1315 This is the first report to describe the chemical composition of R. carthamoides essential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential. 28074117 0 62 theme Antioxidant 154:164 arg1 Activities 166:175 Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities 116:175 Activities 166:175 The Essential Oils of Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots and Roots of Soil-Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities. 28074117 9 63 theme essential 1400:1408 arg1 oil 1410:1412 the essential oil 1396:1412 the essential oil 1396:1412 The results show that R. carthamoides hairy roots may be a valuable source of the essential oil and may be an alternative to the roots of soil-grown plants. 28074117 0 64 dep Oils 14:17 arg1 Activities 166:175 Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities 116:175 Activities 166:175 The Essential Oils of Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots and Roots of Soil-Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities. 28074117 0 64 dep Oils 14:17 arg1 Composition 100:110 Chemical Composition 91:110 Chemical Composition 91:110 The Essential Oils of Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots and Roots of Soil-Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities. 28074117 8 65 from roots 1189:1193 arg1 potential 1307:1315 its antimicrobial potential 1289:1315 its antimicrobial potential 1289:1315 This is the first report to describe the chemical composition of R. carthamoides essential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential. 28074117 8 65 from roots 1189:1193 arg1 effect 1211:1216 its protective effect 1196:1216 its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes 1196:1282 This is the first report to describe the chemical composition of R. carthamoides essential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential. 28074117 8 65 from roots 1189:1193 arg1 oil 1174:1176 essential oil 1164:1176 essential oil from hairy roots 1164:1193 This is the first report to describe the chemical composition of R. carthamoides essential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential. 28074117 6 66 theme ATCC 917:920 arg1 aeruginosa 905:914 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 893:914 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) 893:927 Both essential oils showed antibacterial activity especially against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) (MIC value = 125 µg/mL). 28074117 6 66 theme ATCC 917:920 arg1 27853 922:926 ATCC 27853 917:926 ATCC 27853 917:926 Both essential oils showed antibacterial activity especially against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) (MIC value = 125 µg/mL). 28074117 0 67 theme Roots 63:67 arg1 Oils 14:17 The Essential Oils 0:17 The Essential Oils of Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots and Roots of Soil-Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities. 0:176 The Essential Oils of Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots and Roots of Soil-Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities. 28074117 9 68 theme soil-grown 1456:1465 arg1 plants 1467:1472 soil-grown plants 1456:1472 soil-grown plants 1456:1472 The results show that R. carthamoides hairy roots may be a valuable source of the essential oil and may be an alternative to the roots of soil-grown plants. 28074117 3 69 theme quantitative 485:496 arg1 composition 498:508 the qualitative and quantitative composition 465:508 the qualitative and quantitative composition 465:508 The root essential oils showed the differences in the qualitative and quantitative composition. 28074117 1 70 theme hairy 241:245 arg1 HR 254:255 HR 254:255 HR 254:255 The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the hairy roots (HR) and roots of soil-grown plants (SGR) of Rhaponticum carthamoides and were analyzed by GC-MS method. 28074117 1 70 theme hairy 241:245 arg1 roots 247:251 the hairy roots 237:251 the hairy roots (HR) 237:256 The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the hairy roots (HR) and roots of soil-grown plants (SGR) of Rhaponticum carthamoides and were analyzed by GC-MS method. 28074117 1 71 theme Rhaponticum 298:308 arg1 carthamoides 310:321 Rhaponticum carthamoides 298:321 Rhaponticum carthamoides 298:321 The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the hairy roots (HR) and roots of soil-grown plants (SGR) of Rhaponticum carthamoides and were analyzed by GC-MS method. 28074117 2 72 dep the 361:363 arg1 both 365:368 both 365:368 both 365:368 In the both essential oils 62 compounds were identified. 28074117 5 73 theme essential 770:778 arg1 oil 780:782 SGR essential oil 766:782 SGR essential oil 766:782 The major compounds of HR essential oil were cyperene, 13-norcypera-1(5),11(12)-diene, and cadalene while aplotaxene, nardosina-1(10),11-diene, and dauca-4(11),8-diene dominated in SGR essential oil. 28303051 2 0 theme dhal 442:445 arg1 quality 447:453 poor dhal quality 437:453 poor dhal quality 437:453 Poor milling performance leads to poor dhal quality and therefore lower prices and profitability along the pulse value chain. 28303051 1 1 theme resulting 299:307 arg1 dhal 327:330 dhal 327:330 dhal 327:330 Milling performance is an important attribute for desi chickpea and other pulses, as varieties that are more difficult-to-mill lead to processing yield loss and damage to the resulting split cotyledons (dhal) such as chipping and abrasion which are unattractive to the consumer. 28303051 1 1 theme resulting 299:307 arg1 cotyledons 315:324 the resulting split cotyledons 295:324 the resulting split cotyledons (dhal) such as chipping and abrasion which are unattractive to the consumer 295:400 Milling performance is an important attribute for desi chickpea and other pulses, as varieties that are more difficult-to-mill lead to processing yield loss and damage to the resulting split cotyledons (dhal) such as chipping and abrasion which are unattractive to the consumer. 28303051 1 1 theme resulting 299:307 arg1 abrasion 354:361 abrasion 354:361 abrasion 354:361 Milling performance is an important attribute for desi chickpea and other pulses, as varieties that are more difficult-to-mill lead to processing yield loss and damage to the resulting split cotyledons (dhal) such as chipping and abrasion which are unattractive to the consumer. 28303051 1 1 theme resulting 299:307 arg1 chipping 341:348 chipping 341:348 chipping 341:348 Milling performance is an important attribute for desi chickpea and other pulses, as varieties that are more difficult-to-mill lead to processing yield loss and damage to the resulting split cotyledons (dhal) such as chipping and abrasion which are unattractive to the consumer. 28303051 6 2 from interface 1208:1216 arg1 mechanisms 1190:1199 biochemical adhesive or cohesive mechanisms 1157:1199 biochemical adhesive or cohesive mechanisms at the interface of seed tissues 1157:1232 These differences suggest that biochemical adhesive or cohesive mechanisms at the interface of seed tissues involve pectic polysaccharides and lignin-mediated binding. 28303051 2 3 theme poor 437:440 arg1 quality 447:453 poor dhal quality 437:453 poor dhal quality 437:453 Poor milling performance leads to poor dhal quality and therefore lower prices and profitability along the pulse value chain. 28303051 1 4 theme split 309:313 arg1 dhal 327:330 dhal 327:330 dhal 327:330 Milling performance is an important attribute for desi chickpea and other pulses, as varieties that are more difficult-to-mill lead to processing yield loss and damage to the resulting split cotyledons (dhal) such as chipping and abrasion which are unattractive to the consumer. 28303051 1 4 theme split 309:313 arg1 cotyledons 315:324 the resulting split cotyledons 295:324 the resulting split cotyledons (dhal) such as chipping and abrasion which are unattractive to the consumer 295:400 Milling performance is an important attribute for desi chickpea and other pulses, as varieties that are more difficult-to-mill lead to processing yield loss and damage to the resulting split cotyledons (dhal) such as chipping and abrasion which are unattractive to the consumer. 28303051 1 4 theme split 309:313 arg1 abrasion 354:361 abrasion 354:361 abrasion 354:361 Milling performance is an important attribute for desi chickpea and other pulses, as varieties that are more difficult-to-mill lead to processing yield loss and damage to the resulting split cotyledons (dhal) such as chipping and abrasion which are unattractive to the consumer. 28303051 1 4 theme split 309:313 arg1 chipping 341:348 chipping 341:348 chipping 341:348 Milling performance is an important attribute for desi chickpea and other pulses, as varieties that are more difficult-to-mill lead to processing yield loss and damage to the resulting split cotyledons (dhal) such as chipping and abrasion which are unattractive to the consumer. 28303051 3 5 from difference 715:724 arg1 forces 738:743 physical forces 729:743 physical forces 729:743 The Pulse Breeding Australia Chickpea Program identified near-isogenic desi lines that differed in seed shape and milling yields, however it was unknown whether this was due simply to a difference in physical forces on the seed during milling, mediated by seed shape, or whether there were underlying differences in chemical composition that could explain these differences. 28303051 6 6 theme tissues 1226:1232 arg1 interface 1208:1216 the interface 1204:1216 the interface of seed tissues 1204:1232 These differences suggest that biochemical adhesive or cohesive mechanisms at the interface of seed tissues involve pectic polysaccharides and lignin-mediated binding. 28303051 3 7 from differences 830:840 arg1 composition 854:864 chemical composition 845:864 chemical composition 845:864 The Pulse Breeding Australia Chickpea Program identified near-isogenic desi lines that differed in seed shape and milling yields, however it was unknown whether this was due simply to a difference in physical forces on the seed during milling, mediated by seed shape, or whether there were underlying differences in chemical composition that could explain these differences. 28303051 6 8 theme cohesive 1181:1188 arg1 mechanisms 1190:1199 biochemical adhesive or cohesive mechanisms 1157:1199 biochemical adhesive or cohesive mechanisms at the interface of seed tissues 1157:1232 These differences suggest that biochemical adhesive or cohesive mechanisms at the interface of seed tissues involve pectic polysaccharides and lignin-mediated binding. 28303051 6 9 theme adhesive 1169:1176 arg1 mechanisms 1190:1199 biochemical adhesive or cohesive mechanisms 1157:1199 biochemical adhesive or cohesive mechanisms at the interface of seed tissues 1157:1232 These differences suggest that biochemical adhesive or cohesive mechanisms at the interface of seed tissues involve pectic polysaccharides and lignin-mediated binding. 28303051 4 10 theme surfaces 994:1001 arg1 composition 937:947 the composition 933:947 the composition of their seed coat, cotyledons and adjoining surfaces 933:1001 The two isolines differed in the composition of their seed coat, cotyledons and adjoining surfaces. 28303051 4 11 theme coat 963:966 arg1 composition 937:947 the composition 933:947 the composition of their seed coat, cotyledons and adjoining surfaces 933:1001 The two isolines differed in the composition of their seed coat, cotyledons and adjoining surfaces. 28303051 2 12 theme lower 469:473 arg1 prices 475:480 therefore lower prices 459:480 therefore lower prices 459:480 Poor milling performance leads to poor dhal quality and therefore lower prices and profitability along the pulse value chain. 28303051 6 13 theme seed 1221:1224 arg1 tissues 1226:1232 seed tissues 1221:1232 seed tissues 1221:1232 These differences suggest that biochemical adhesive or cohesive mechanisms at the interface of seed tissues involve pectic polysaccharides and lignin-mediated binding. 28303051 3 14 theme chemical 845:852 arg1 composition 854:864 chemical composition 845:864 chemical composition 845:864 The Pulse Breeding Australia Chickpea Program identified near-isogenic desi lines that differed in seed shape and milling yields, however it was unknown whether this was due simply to a difference in physical forces on the seed during milling, mediated by seed shape, or whether there were underlying differences in chemical composition that could explain these differences. 28303051 6 15 theme biochemical 1157:1167 arg1 mechanisms 1190:1199 biochemical adhesive or cohesive mechanisms 1157:1199 biochemical adhesive or cohesive mechanisms at the interface of seed tissues 1157:1232 These differences suggest that biochemical adhesive or cohesive mechanisms at the interface of seed tissues involve pectic polysaccharides and lignin-mediated binding. 28303051 5 16 from research 1062:1069 arg1 composition 1074:1084 composition 1074:1084 composition of easy- and difficult-to-mill samples 1074:1123 Some of these differences were in agreement with previous research on composition of easy- and difficult-to-mill samples. 28303051 4 17 theme seed 958:961 arg1 coat 963:966 their seed coat 952:966 their seed coat 952:966 The two isolines differed in the composition of their seed coat, cotyledons and adjoining surfaces. 28303051 3 18 theme underlying 819:828 arg1 differences 830:840 underlying differences 819:840 underlying differences in chemical composition that could explain these differences 819:901 The Pulse Breeding Australia Chickpea Program identified near-isogenic desi lines that differed in seed shape and milling yields, however it was unknown whether this was due simply to a difference in physical forces on the seed during milling, mediated by seed shape, or whether there were underlying differences in chemical composition that could explain these differences. 28303051 1 19 theme important 150:158 arg1 attribute 160:168 an important attribute 147:168 an important attribute for desi chickpea and other pulses 147:203 Milling performance is an important attribute for desi chickpea and other pulses, as varieties that are more difficult-to-mill lead to processing yield loss and damage to the resulting split cotyledons (dhal) such as chipping and abrasion which are unattractive to the consumer. 28303051 1 19 theme important 150:158 arg1 performance 132:142 Milling performance 124:142 Milling performance 124:142 Milling performance is an important attribute for desi chickpea and other pulses, as varieties that are more difficult-to-mill lead to processing yield loss and damage to the resulting split cotyledons (dhal) such as chipping and abrasion which are unattractive to the consumer. 28303051 2 20 theme Poor 403:406 arg1 performance 416:426 Poor milling performance 403:426 Poor milling performance 403:426 Poor milling performance leads to poor dhal quality and therefore lower prices and profitability along the pulse value chain. 28303051 0 21 theme Near-isogenic 0:12 arg1 lines 14:18 Near-isogenic lines 0:18 Near-isogenic lines of desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) that differ in milling ease: differences in chemical composition. 0:122 Near-isogenic lines of desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) that differ in milling ease: differences in chemical composition. 28303051 5 22 theme samples 1117:1123 arg1 composition 1074:1084 composition 1074:1084 composition of easy- and difficult-to-mill samples 1074:1123 Some of these differences were in agreement with previous research on composition of easy- and difficult-to-mill samples. 28303051 6 23 theme pectic 1242:1247 arg1 polysaccharides 1249:1263 pectic polysaccharides 1242:1263 pectic polysaccharides 1242:1263 These differences suggest that biochemical adhesive or cohesive mechanisms at the interface of seed tissues involve pectic polysaccharides and lignin-mediated binding. 28303051 0 24 theme desi 23:26 arg1 Cicer 38:42 Cicer 38:42 Cicer 38:42 Near-isogenic lines of desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) that differ in milling ease: differences in chemical composition. 28303051 0 24 theme desi 23:26 arg1 chickpea 28:35 desi chickpea 23:35 desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) 23:56 Near-isogenic lines of desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) that differ in milling ease: differences in chemical composition. 28303051 2 25 theme pulse 510:514 arg1 chain 522:526 the pulse value chain 506:526 the pulse value chain 506:526 Poor milling performance leads to poor dhal quality and therefore lower prices and profitability along the pulse value chain. 28303051 1 26 theme desi 174:177 arg1 chickpea 179:186 desi chickpea 174:186 desi chickpea 174:186 Milling performance is an important attribute for desi chickpea and other pulses, as varieties that are more difficult-to-mill lead to processing yield loss and damage to the resulting split cotyledons (dhal) such as chipping and abrasion which are unattractive to the consumer. 28303051 1 27 theme processing 259:268 arg1 loss 276:279 processing yield loss 259:279 processing yield loss 259:279 Milling performance is an important attribute for desi chickpea and other pulses, as varieties that are more difficult-to-mill lead to processing yield loss and damage to the resulting split cotyledons (dhal) such as chipping and abrasion which are unattractive to the consumer. 28303051 1 28 theme yield 270:274 arg1 loss 276:279 processing yield loss 259:279 processing yield loss 259:279 Milling performance is an important attribute for desi chickpea and other pulses, as varieties that are more difficult-to-mill lead to processing yield loss and damage to the resulting split cotyledons (dhal) such as chipping and abrasion which are unattractive to the consumer. 28303051 3 29 theme Australia 548:556 arg1 Program 567:573 The Pulse Breeding Australia Chickpea Program 529:573 The Pulse Breeding Australia Chickpea Program 529:573 The Pulse Breeding Australia Chickpea Program identified near-isogenic desi lines that differed in seed shape and milling yields, however it was unknown whether this was due simply to a difference in physical forces on the seed during milling, mediated by seed shape, or whether there were underlying differences in chemical composition that could explain these differences. 28303051 4 30 theme cotyledons 969:978 arg1 composition 937:947 the composition 933:947 the composition of their seed coat, cotyledons and adjoining surfaces 933:1001 The two isolines differed in the composition of their seed coat, cotyledons and adjoining surfaces. 28303051 0 31 theme chickpea 28:35 arg1 lines 14:18 Near-isogenic lines 0:18 Near-isogenic lines of desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) that differ in milling ease: differences in chemical composition. 0:122 Near-isogenic lines of desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) that differ in milling ease: differences in chemical composition. 28303051 0 32 theme chemical 102:109 arg1 composition 111:121 chemical composition 102:121 chemical composition 102:121 Near-isogenic lines of desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) that differ in milling ease: differences in chemical composition. 28303051 0 33 dep Cicer 38:42 arg1 L. 54:55 Cicer arietinum L. 38:55 Cicer arietinum L. 38:55 Near-isogenic lines of desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) that differ in milling ease: differences in chemical composition. 28303051 1 34 theme other 192:196 arg1 pulses 198:203 other pulses 192:203 other pulses 192:203 Milling performance is an important attribute for desi chickpea and other pulses, as varieties that are more difficult-to-mill lead to processing yield loss and damage to the resulting split cotyledons (dhal) such as chipping and abrasion which are unattractive to the consumer. 28303051 3 35 theme physical 729:736 arg1 forces 738:743 physical forces 729:743 physical forces 729:743 The Pulse Breeding Australia Chickpea Program identified near-isogenic desi lines that differed in seed shape and milling yields, however it was unknown whether this was due simply to a difference in physical forces on the seed during milling, mediated by seed shape, or whether there were underlying differences in chemical composition that could explain these differences. 28303051 3 36 theme Pulse 533:537 arg1 Program 567:573 The Pulse Breeding Australia Chickpea Program 529:573 The Pulse Breeding Australia Chickpea Program 529:573 The Pulse Breeding Australia Chickpea Program identified near-isogenic desi lines that differed in seed shape and milling yields, however it was unknown whether this was due simply to a difference in physical forces on the seed during milling, mediated by seed shape, or whether there were underlying differences in chemical composition that could explain these differences. 28303051 2 37 theme milling 408:414 arg1 performance 416:426 Poor milling performance 403:426 Poor milling performance 403:426 Poor milling performance leads to poor dhal quality and therefore lower prices and profitability along the pulse value chain. 28303051 3 38 theme Breeding 539:546 arg1 Program 567:573 The Pulse Breeding Australia Chickpea Program 529:573 The Pulse Breeding Australia Chickpea Program 529:573 The Pulse Breeding Australia Chickpea Program identified near-isogenic desi lines that differed in seed shape and milling yields, however it was unknown whether this was due simply to a difference in physical forces on the seed during milling, mediated by seed shape, or whether there were underlying differences in chemical composition that could explain these differences. 28303051 5 39 with agreement 1038:1046 arg1 research 1062:1069 previous research 1053:1069 previous research on composition of easy- and difficult-to-mill samples 1053:1123 Some of these differences were in agreement with previous research on composition of easy- and difficult-to-mill samples. 28303051 5 40 theme difficult-to-mill 1099:1115 arg1 samples 1117:1123 easy- and difficult-to-mill samples 1089:1123 easy- and difficult-to-mill samples 1089:1123 Some of these differences were in agreement with previous research on composition of easy- and difficult-to-mill samples. 28303051 6 41 theme lignin-mediated 1269:1283 arg1 binding 1285:1291 lignin-mediated binding 1269:1291 lignin-mediated binding 1269:1291 These differences suggest that biochemical adhesive or cohesive mechanisms at the interface of seed tissues involve pectic polysaccharides and lignin-mediated binding. 28303051 3 42 theme milling 643:649 arg1 yields 651:656 milling yields 643:656 milling yields 643:656 The Pulse Breeding Australia Chickpea Program identified near-isogenic desi lines that differed in seed shape and milling yields, however it was unknown whether this was due simply to a difference in physical forces on the seed during milling, mediated by seed shape, or whether there were underlying differences in chemical composition that could explain these differences. 28303051 3 43 theme near-isogenic 586:598 arg1 lines 605:609 near-isogenic desi lines 586:609 near-isogenic desi lines that differed in seed shape and milling yields, however it was unknown whether this was due simply to a difference in physical forces on the seed during milling, mediated by seed shape, or whether there were underlying differences in chemical composition that could explain these differences 586:901 The Pulse Breeding Australia Chickpea Program identified near-isogenic desi lines that differed in seed shape and milling yields, however it was unknown whether this was due simply to a difference in physical forces on the seed during milling, mediated by seed shape, or whether there were underlying differences in chemical composition that could explain these differences. 28303051 3 44 theme Chickpea 558:565 arg1 Program 567:573 The Pulse Breeding Australia Chickpea Program 529:573 The Pulse Breeding Australia Chickpea Program 529:573 The Pulse Breeding Australia Chickpea Program identified near-isogenic desi lines that differed in seed shape and milling yields, however it was unknown whether this was due simply to a difference in physical forces on the seed during milling, mediated by seed shape, or whether there were underlying differences in chemical composition that could explain these differences. 28303051 2 45 theme value 516:520 arg1 chain 522:526 the pulse value chain 506:526 the pulse value chain 506:526 Poor milling performance leads to poor dhal quality and therefore lower prices and profitability along the pulse value chain. 28303051 3 46 theme seed 628:631 arg1 shape 633:637 seed shape 628:637 seed shape 628:637 The Pulse Breeding Australia Chickpea Program identified near-isogenic desi lines that differed in seed shape and milling yields, however it was unknown whether this was due simply to a difference in physical forces on the seed during milling, mediated by seed shape, or whether there were underlying differences in chemical composition that could explain these differences. 28303051 3 47 theme desi 600:603 arg1 lines 605:609 near-isogenic desi lines 586:609 near-isogenic desi lines that differed in seed shape and milling yields, however it was unknown whether this was due simply to a difference in physical forces on the seed during milling, mediated by seed shape, or whether there were underlying differences in chemical composition that could explain these differences 586:901 The Pulse Breeding Australia Chickpea Program identified near-isogenic desi lines that differed in seed shape and milling yields, however it was unknown whether this was due simply to a difference in physical forces on the seed during milling, mediated by seed shape, or whether there were underlying differences in chemical composition that could explain these differences. 28303051 5 48 theme easy- 1089:1093 arg1 samples 1117:1123 easy- and difficult-to-mill samples 1089:1123 easy- and difficult-to-mill samples 1089:1123 Some of these differences were in agreement with previous research on composition of easy- and difficult-to-mill samples. 28303051 0 49 dep lines 14:18 arg1 differences 87:97 differences 87:97 Near-isogenic lines of desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) that differ in milling ease: differences in chemical composition. 0:122 Near-isogenic lines of desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) that differ in milling ease: differences in chemical composition. 28303051 3 50 theme seed 785:788 arg1 shape 790:794 seed shape 785:794 seed shape 785:794 The Pulse Breeding Australia Chickpea Program identified near-isogenic desi lines that differed in seed shape and milling yields, however it was unknown whether this was due simply to a difference in physical forces on the seed during milling, mediated by seed shape, or whether there were underlying differences in chemical composition that could explain these differences. 28303051 5 51 theme previous 1053:1060 arg1 research 1062:1069 previous research 1053:1069 previous research on composition of easy- and difficult-to-mill samples 1053:1123 Some of these differences were in agreement with previous research on composition of easy- and difficult-to-mill samples. 28303051 1 52 theme Milling 124:130 arg1 attribute 160:168 an important attribute 147:168 an important attribute for desi chickpea and other pulses 147:203 Milling performance is an important attribute for desi chickpea and other pulses, as varieties that are more difficult-to-mill lead to processing yield loss and damage to the resulting split cotyledons (dhal) such as chipping and abrasion which are unattractive to the consumer. 28303051 1 52 theme Milling 124:130 arg1 performance 132:142 Milling performance 124:142 Milling performance 124:142 Milling performance is an important attribute for desi chickpea and other pulses, as varieties that are more difficult-to-mill lead to processing yield loss and damage to the resulting split cotyledons (dhal) such as chipping and abrasion which are unattractive to the consumer. 28303051 4 53 theme adjoining 984:992 arg1 surfaces 994:1001 adjoining surfaces 984:1001 adjoining surfaces 984:1001 The two isolines differed in the composition of their seed coat, cotyledons and adjoining surfaces. 28303051 0 54 from differences 87:97 arg1 composition 111:121 chemical composition 102:121 chemical composition 102:121 Near-isogenic lines of desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) that differ in milling ease: differences in chemical composition. 29139477 6 0 theme antiproliferative 872:888 arg1 effect 890:895 the antiproliferative effect 868:895 the antiproliferative effect of apigenin 868:907 Equally important, we find that the antiproliferative effect of apigenin was dominantly transmitted after cohousing, while being compromised in Nlrp6-deficient mice. 29139477 2 1 theme microbiota 369:378 arg1 regulation 347:356 the regulation 343:356 the regulation of the gut microbiota by the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (Nlrp6) 343:444 Herein, we provide evidence that the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effect of the flavone apigenin relies on the regulation of the gut microbiota by the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (Nlrp6). 29139477 9 2 theme improved 1445:1452 arg1 ways 1454:1457 improved ways 1445:1457 improved ways 1445:1457 Our study highlights a modulation of the Nlrp6 signaling pathway by a prominent constituent of the human diet that may point toward improved ways to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. 29139477 8 3 theme inflammasome-independent 1196:1219 arg1 mechanism 1221:1229 an inflammasome-independent mechanism 1193:1229 an inflammasome-independent mechanism by which Nlrp6 reprograms the gut microbiota for protecting mice against colitis 1193:1310 Collectively, these data indicate that apigenin modulated an inflammasome-independent mechanism by which Nlrp6 reprograms the gut microbiota for protecting mice against colitis. 29139477 2 4 theme gut 365:367 arg1 microbiota 369:378 the gut microbiota 361:378 the gut microbiota 361:378 Herein, we provide evidence that the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effect of the flavone apigenin relies on the regulation of the gut microbiota by the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (Nlrp6). 29139477 9 5 theme human 1412:1416 arg1 diet 1418:1421 the human diet 1408:1421 the human diet that may point toward improved ways to treat inflammatory bowel diseases 1408:1494 Our study highlights a modulation of the Nlrp6 signaling pathway by a prominent constituent of the human diet that may point toward improved ways to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. 29139477 0 6 theme inflammasome 107:118 arg1 activation 120:129 inflammasome activation 107:129 inflammasome activation 107:129 A dietary flavone confers communicable protection against colitis through NLRP6 signaling independently of inflammasome activation. 29139477 9 7 theme diet 1418:1421 arg1 constituent 1393:1403 a prominent constituent 1381:1403 a prominent constituent of the human diet that may point toward improved ways to treat inflammatory bowel diseases 1381:1494 Our study highlights a modulation of the Nlrp6 signaling pathway by a prominent constituent of the human diet that may point toward improved ways to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. 29139477 7 8 dep caspase-1/11 1114:1125 arg1 the 1092:1094 the 1092:1094 the 1092:1094 In contrast, the symptoms of colitis were alleviated upon apigenin administration even in the absence of either caspase-1/11 or Asc. 29139477 7 8 dep caspase-1/11 1114:1125 arg1 absence 1096:1102 absence 1096:1102 absence 1096:1102 In contrast, the symptoms of colitis were alleviated upon apigenin administration even in the absence of either caspase-1/11 or Asc. 29139477 8 9 theme gut 1261:1263 arg1 microbiota 1265:1274 the gut microbiota 1257:1274 the gut microbiota for protecting mice against colitis 1257:1310 Collectively, these data indicate that apigenin modulated an inflammasome-independent mechanism by which Nlrp6 reprograms the gut microbiota for protecting mice against colitis. 29139477 9 10 theme bowel 1481:1485 arg1 diseases 1487:1494 inflammatory bowel diseases 1468:1494 inflammatory bowel diseases 1468:1494 Our study highlights a modulation of the Nlrp6 signaling pathway by a prominent constituent of the human diet that may point toward improved ways to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. 29139477 1 11 theme many 192:195 arg1 sources 216:222 many plant-derived food sources 192:222 many plant-derived food sources 192:222 Flavones represent a class of polyphenols that are found in many plant-derived food sources. 29139477 2 12 theme pyrin 412:416 arg1 domain 418:423 the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain 383:423 the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (Nlrp6) 383:444 Herein, we provide evidence that the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effect of the flavone apigenin relies on the regulation of the gut microbiota by the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (Nlrp6). 29139477 0 13 theme activation 120:129 arg1 signaling 80:88 NLRP6 signaling 74:88 NLRP6 signaling independently of inflammasome activation 74:129 A dietary flavone confers communicable protection against colitis through NLRP6 signaling independently of inflammasome activation. 29139477 1 14 link plant-derived 197:209 arg1 sources 216:222 many plant-derived food sources 192:222 many plant-derived food sources 192:222 Flavones represent a class of polyphenols that are found in many plant-derived food sources. 29139477 3 15 from sodium 482:487 arg1 water 507:511 drinking water 498:511 drinking water 498:511 When challenged by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water, mice were protected against colitis upon cohousing with apigenin-treated animals. 29139477 2 16 theme antiproliferative 284:300 arg1 effect 302:307 the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effect 258:307 the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effect of the flavone apigenin 258:331 Herein, we provide evidence that the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effect of the flavone apigenin relies on the regulation of the gut microbiota by the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (Nlrp6). 29139477 2 17 theme family 405:410 arg1 domain 418:423 the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain 383:423 the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (Nlrp6) 383:444 Herein, we provide evidence that the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effect of the flavone apigenin relies on the regulation of the gut microbiota by the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (Nlrp6). 29139477 0 18 theme dietary 2:8 arg1 flavone 10:16 A dietary flavone 0:16 A dietary flavone 0:16 A dietary flavone confers communicable protection against colitis through NLRP6 signaling independently of inflammasome activation. 29139477 2 19 theme receptor 396:403 arg1 domain 418:423 the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain 383:423 the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (Nlrp6) 383:444 Herein, we provide evidence that the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effect of the flavone apigenin relies on the regulation of the gut microbiota by the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (Nlrp6). 29139477 7 20 theme apigenin 1060:1067 arg1 administration 1069:1082 apigenin administration 1060:1082 apigenin administration 1060:1082 In contrast, the symptoms of colitis were alleviated upon apigenin administration even in the absence of either caspase-1/11 or Asc. 29139477 9 21 theme pathway 1370:1376 arg1 modulation 1336:1345 a modulation 1334:1345 a modulation of the Nlrp6 signaling pathway by a prominent constituent of the human diet that may point toward improved ways to treat inflammatory bowel diseases 1334:1494 Our study highlights a modulation of the Nlrp6 signaling pathway by a prominent constituent of the human diet that may point toward improved ways to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. 29139477 2 22 theme NOD-like 387:394 arg1 domain 418:423 the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain 383:423 the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (Nlrp6) 383:444 Herein, we provide evidence that the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effect of the flavone apigenin relies on the regulation of the gut microbiota by the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (Nlrp6). 29139477 5 23 theme 16S 683:685 arg1 gene 701:704 the 16S ribosomal RNA gene 679:704 the 16S ribosomal RNA gene 679:704 Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota in apigenin-treated mice that was not observed in the absence of Nlrp6. 29139477 2 24 theme apigenin 324:331 arg1 effect 302:307 the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effect 258:307 the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effect of the flavone apigenin 258:331 Herein, we provide evidence that the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effect of the flavone apigenin relies on the regulation of the gut microbiota by the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (Nlrp6). 29139477 1 25 theme food 211:214 arg1 sources 216:222 many plant-derived food sources 192:222 many plant-derived food sources 192:222 Flavones represent a class of polyphenols that are found in many plant-derived food sources. 29139477 5 26 theme ribosomal 687:695 arg1 gene 701:704 the 16S ribosomal RNA gene 679:704 the 16S ribosomal RNA gene 679:704 Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota in apigenin-treated mice that was not observed in the absence of Nlrp6. 29139477 5 27 from shift 717:721 arg1 composition 730:740 the composition 726:740 the composition of the gut microbiota 726:762 Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota in apigenin-treated mice that was not observed in the absence of Nlrp6. 29139477 5 27 from shift 717:721 arg1 mice 784:787 apigenin-treated mice 767:787 apigenin-treated mice that was not observed in the absence of Nlrp6 767:833 Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota in apigenin-treated mice that was not observed in the absence of Nlrp6. 29139477 2 28 theme flavone 316:322 arg1 apigenin 324:331 the flavone apigenin 312:331 the flavone apigenin 312:331 Herein, we provide evidence that the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effect of the flavone apigenin relies on the regulation of the gut microbiota by the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (Nlrp6). 29139477 3 29 theme sulfate 474:480 arg1 DSS 490:492 DSS 490:492 DSS 490:492 When challenged by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water, mice were protected against colitis upon cohousing with apigenin-treated animals. 29139477 3 29 theme sulfate 474:480 arg1 sodium 482:487 dextran sulfate sodium 466:487 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water 466:511 When challenged by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water, mice were protected against colitis upon cohousing with apigenin-treated animals. 29139477 5 30 theme gut 749:751 arg1 microbiota 753:762 the gut microbiota 745:762 the gut microbiota 745:762 Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota in apigenin-treated mice that was not observed in the absence of Nlrp6. 29139477 4 31 theme Nlrp6 658:662 arg1 absence 647:653 the absence 643:653 the absence of Nlrp6 643:662 In contrast, the protective effect was lost in the absence of Nlrp6. 29139477 5 32 theme RNA 697:699 arg1 gene 701:704 the 16S ribosomal RNA gene 679:704 the 16S ribosomal RNA gene 679:704 Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota in apigenin-treated mice that was not observed in the absence of Nlrp6. 29139477 1 33 located found 183:187 arg1 sources 216:222 many plant-derived food sources 192:222 many plant-derived food sources 192:222 Flavones represent a class of polyphenols that are found in many plant-derived food sources. 29139477 1 33 located found 183:187 arg2 class 153:157 a class 151:157 a class of polyphenols that are found in many plant-derived food sources 151:222 Flavones represent a class of polyphenols that are found in many plant-derived food sources. 29139477 1 34 theme plant-derived 197:209 arg1 sources 216:222 many plant-derived food sources 192:222 many plant-derived food sources 192:222 Flavones represent a class of polyphenols that are found in many plant-derived food sources. 29139477 0 35 theme communicable 26:37 arg1 protection 39:48 communicable protection 26:48 communicable protection against colitis 26:64 A dietary flavone confers communicable protection against colitis through NLRP6 signaling independently of inflammasome activation. 29139477 9 36 theme Nlrp6 1354:1358 arg1 pathway 1370:1376 the Nlrp6 signaling pathway 1350:1376 the Nlrp6 signaling pathway 1350:1376 Our study highlights a modulation of the Nlrp6 signaling pathway by a prominent constituent of the human diet that may point toward improved ways to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. 29139477 5 37 theme gene 701:704 arg1 Sequencing 665:674 Sequencing 665:674 Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene 665:704 Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota in apigenin-treated mice that was not observed in the absence of Nlrp6. 29139477 6 38 dep find 858:861 arg1 important 844:852 important 844:852 important 844:852 Equally important, we find that the antiproliferative effect of apigenin was dominantly transmitted after cohousing, while being compromised in Nlrp6-deficient mice. 29139477 9 39 theme inflammatory 1468:1479 arg1 diseases 1487:1494 inflammatory bowel diseases 1468:1494 inflammatory bowel diseases 1468:1494 Our study highlights a modulation of the Nlrp6 signaling pathway by a prominent constituent of the human diet that may point toward improved ways to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. 29139477 9 40 theme signaling 1360:1368 arg1 pathway 1370:1376 the Nlrp6 signaling pathway 1350:1376 the Nlrp6 signaling pathway 1350:1376 Our study highlights a modulation of the Nlrp6 signaling pathway by a prominent constituent of the human diet that may point toward improved ways to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. 29139477 3 41 theme apigenin-treated 570:585 arg1 animals 587:593 apigenin-treated animals 570:593 apigenin-treated animals 570:593 When challenged by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water, mice were protected against colitis upon cohousing with apigenin-treated animals. 29139477 7 42 theme colitis 1031:1037 arg1 symptoms 1019:1026 the symptoms 1015:1026 the symptoms of colitis 1015:1037 In contrast, the symptoms of colitis were alleviated upon apigenin administration even in the absence of either caspase-1/11 or Asc. 29139477 5 43 theme apigenin-treated 767:782 arg1 mice 784:787 apigenin-treated mice 767:787 apigenin-treated mice that was not observed in the absence of Nlrp6 767:833 Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota in apigenin-treated mice that was not observed in the absence of Nlrp6. 29139477 6 44 theme apigenin 900:907 arg1 effect 890:895 the antiproliferative effect 868:895 the antiproliferative effect of apigenin 868:907 Equally important, we find that the antiproliferative effect of apigenin was dominantly transmitted after cohousing, while being compromised in Nlrp6-deficient mice. 29139477 5 45 located observed 802:809 arg1 absence 818:824 the absence 814:824 the absence of Nlrp6 814:833 Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota in apigenin-treated mice that was not observed in the absence of Nlrp6. 29139477 5 45 located observed 802:809 arg2 mice 784:787 apigenin-treated mice 767:787 apigenin-treated mice that was not observed in the absence of Nlrp6 767:833 Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota in apigenin-treated mice that was not observed in the absence of Nlrp6. 29139477 3 46 theme drinking 498:505 arg1 water 507:511 drinking water 498:511 drinking water 498:511 When challenged by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water, mice were protected against colitis upon cohousing with apigenin-treated animals. 29139477 2 47 contain containing 425:434 arg2 Nlrp6 439:443 Nlrp6 439:443 Nlrp6 439:443 Herein, we provide evidence that the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effect of the flavone apigenin relies on the regulation of the gut microbiota by the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (Nlrp6). 29139477 2 47 contain containing 425:434 arg2 6 436:436 6 436:436 6 436:436 Herein, we provide evidence that the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effect of the flavone apigenin relies on the regulation of the gut microbiota by the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (Nlrp6). 29139477 2 47 contain containing 425:434 arg1 domain 418:423 the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain 383:423 the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (Nlrp6) 383:444 Herein, we provide evidence that the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effect of the flavone apigenin relies on the regulation of the gut microbiota by the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (Nlrp6). 29139477 2 48 theme anti-inflammatory 262:278 arg1 effect 302:307 the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effect 258:307 the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effect of the flavone apigenin 258:331 Herein, we provide evidence that the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effect of the flavone apigenin relies on the regulation of the gut microbiota by the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (Nlrp6). 29139477 9 49 theme prominent 1383:1391 arg1 constituent 1393:1403 a prominent constituent 1381:1403 a prominent constituent of the human diet that may point toward improved ways to treat inflammatory bowel diseases 1381:1494 Our study highlights a modulation of the Nlrp6 signaling pathway by a prominent constituent of the human diet that may point toward improved ways to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. 29139477 0 50 theme NLRP6 74:78 arg1 signaling 80:88 NLRP6 signaling 74:88 NLRP6 signaling independently of inflammasome activation 74:129 A dietary flavone confers communicable protection against colitis through NLRP6 signaling independently of inflammasome activation. 29139477 3 51 theme dextran 466:472 arg1 DSS 490:492 DSS 490:492 DSS 490:492 When challenged by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water, mice were protected against colitis upon cohousing with apigenin-treated animals. 29139477 3 51 theme dextran 466:472 arg1 sodium 482:487 dextran sulfate sodium 466:487 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water 466:511 When challenged by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water, mice were protected against colitis upon cohousing with apigenin-treated animals. 29139477 5 52 theme Nlrp6 829:833 arg1 absence 818:824 the absence 814:824 the absence of Nlrp6 814:833 Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota in apigenin-treated mice that was not observed in the absence of Nlrp6. 29139477 4 53 theme protective 613:622 arg1 effect 624:629 the protective effect 609:629 the protective effect 609:629 In contrast, the protective effect was lost in the absence of Nlrp6. 29139477 5 54 theme microbiota 753:762 arg1 composition 730:740 the composition 726:740 the composition of the gut microbiota 726:762 Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota in apigenin-treated mice that was not observed in the absence of Nlrp6. 29139477 1 55 theme polyphenols 162:172 arg1 class 153:157 a class 151:157 a class of polyphenols that are found in many plant-derived food sources 151:222 Flavones represent a class of polyphenols that are found in many plant-derived food sources. 29139477 6 56 theme Nlrp6-deficient 980:994 arg1 mice 996:999 Nlrp6-deficient mice 980:999 Nlrp6-deficient mice 980:999 Equally important, we find that the antiproliferative effect of apigenin was dominantly transmitted after cohousing, while being compromised in Nlrp6-deficient mice. 28815777 9 0 theme pathway 1725:1731 arg1 nucleus 1696:1702 this important nucleus 1681:1702 this important nucleus of the somatosensory pathway 1681:1731 A decreased ECS volume in aged Bral2-/- mice may influence the diffusion of neuroactive substances, and thus extrasynaptic and also indirectly synaptic transmission in this important nucleus of the somatosensory pathway. 28815777 6 1 theme complete 1108:1115 arg1 disruption 1117:1126 a complete disruption 1106:1126 a complete disruption of brevican-based ACs 1106:1148 Bral2 deficiency led to a reduction of both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets and a complete disruption of brevican-based ACs in young as well as aged VPM. 28815777 5 2 with comparison 968:977 arg1 controls 996:1003 age-matched controls 984:1003 age-matched controls 984:1003 In the VPM of aged but not in young Bral2-/- mice, we observed a significant decrease in α and ADCW in comparison with age-matched controls. 28815777 1 3 theme axonal 219:224 arg1 ACs 233:235 ACs 233:235 ACs 233:235 Bral2 is a link protein stabilizing the binding between lecticans and hyaluronan in perineuronal nets and axonal coats (ACs) in specific brain regions. 28815777 1 3 theme axonal 219:224 arg1 coats 226:230 axonal coats 219:230 axonal coats (ACs) 219:236 Bral2 is a link protein stabilizing the binding between lecticans and hyaluronan in perineuronal nets and axonal coats (ACs) in specific brain regions. 28815777 2 4 theme posteromedial 506:518 arg1 nucleus 520:526 the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus 485:526 the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) 485:532 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 2 4 theme posteromedial 506:518 arg1 VPM 529:531 VPM 529:531 VPM 529:531 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 6 5 theme Bral2 1006:1010 arg1 deficiency 1012:1021 Bral2 deficiency 1006:1021 Bral2 deficiency 1006:1021 Bral2 deficiency led to a reduction of both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets and a complete disruption of brevican-based ACs in young as well as aged VPM. 28815777 8 6 theme diffusion 1465:1473 arg1 parameters 1475:1484 unchanged diffusion parameters 1455:1484 unchanged diffusion parameters 1455:1484 This effect is probably mediated through the enhanced age-related damage of neurons lacking protective ACs, or the exhausting of compensatory mechanisms maintaining unchanged diffusion parameters in young Bral2-/- animals. 28815777 2 7 theme sensorimotor 538:549 arg1 cortex 551:556 sensorimotor cortex 538:556 sensorimotor cortex 538:556 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 2 8 theme mice 638:641 arg1 nucleus 520:526 the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus 485:526 the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) 485:532 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 2 8 theme mice 638:641 arg1 cortex 551:556 sensorimotor cortex 538:556 sensorimotor cortex 538:556 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 2 8 theme mice 638:641 arg1 VPM 529:531 VPM 529:531 VPM 529:531 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 6 9 theme perineuronal 1084:1095 arg1 nets 1097:1100 both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets 1045:1100 both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets 1045:1100 Bral2 deficiency led to a reduction of both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets and a complete disruption of brevican-based ACs in young as well as aged VPM. 28815777 7 10 theme Bral2 1255:1259 arg1 deficiency 1261:1270 Bral2 deficiency 1255:1270 Bral2 deficiency 1255:1270 Our data suggest that aging is a critical point that reveals the effect of Bral2 deficiency on VPM diffusion. 28815777 7 11 theme critical 1213:1220 arg1 point 1222:1226 a critical point 1211:1226 a critical point that reveals the effect of Bral2 deficiency on VPM diffusion 1211:1287 Our data suggest that aging is a critical point that reveals the effect of Bral2 deficiency on VPM diffusion. 28815777 7 11 theme critical 1213:1220 arg1 aging 1202:1206 aging 1202:1206 aging 1202:1206 Our data suggest that aging is a critical point that reveals the effect of Bral2 deficiency on VPM diffusion. 28815777 2 12 theme Bral2-/- 627:634 arg1 mice 638:641 Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice 610:641 Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice 610:641 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 2 12 theme Bral2-/- 627:634 arg1 months 578:583 3-6 months 574:583 3-6 months 574:583 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 5 13 theme aged 879:882 arg1 VPM 872:874 the VPM 868:874 the VPM of aged 868:882 In the VPM of aged but not in young Bral2-/- mice, we observed a significant decrease in α and ADCW in comparison with age-matched controls. 28815777 9 14 theme ECS 1525:1527 arg1 volume 1529:1534 A decreased ECS volume 1513:1534 A decreased ECS volume in aged Bral2-/- mice 1513:1556 A decreased ECS volume in aged Bral2-/- mice may influence the diffusion of neuroactive substances, and thus extrasynaptic and also indirectly synaptic transmission in this important nucleus of the somatosensory pathway. 28815777 4 15 dep detected 821:828 arg1 either 831:836 either 831:836 either 831:836 In the cortex, no changes between wt and Bral2-/- were detected, either in the young or aged mice. 28815777 5 16 theme young 895:899 arg1 mice 910:913 young Bral2-/- mice 895:913 young Bral2-/- mice 895:913 In the VPM of aged but not in young Bral2-/- mice, we observed a significant decrease in α and ADCW in comparison with age-matched controls. 28815777 2 17 theme water 468:472 arg1 fraction 400:407 the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α) 363:411 the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α) 363:411 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 2 17 theme water 468:472 arg1 coefficient 453:463 apparent diffusion coefficient 434:463 apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) 434:480 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 2 17 theme water 468:472 arg1 λ 426:426 λ 426:426 λ 426:426 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 2 17 theme water 468:472 arg1 tortuosity 414:423 tortuosity 414:423 tortuosity (λ) 414:427 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 6 18 theme aggrecan- 1050:1058 arg1 nets 1097:1100 both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets 1045:1100 both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets 1045:1100 Bral2 deficiency led to a reduction of both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets and a complete disruption of brevican-based ACs in young as well as aged VPM. 28815777 2 19 theme age-matched 647:657 arg1 controls 674:681 age-matched wild-type (wt) controls 647:681 age-matched wild-type (wt) controls 647:681 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 9 20 theme Bral2-/- 1544:1551 arg1 mice 1553:1556 aged Bral2-/- mice 1539:1556 aged Bral2-/- mice 1539:1556 A decreased ECS volume in aged Bral2-/- mice may influence the diffusion of neuroactive substances, and thus extrasynaptic and also indirectly synaptic transmission in this important nucleus of the somatosensory pathway. 28815777 0 21 theme aged 102:105 arg1 mice 107:110 aged mice 102:110 aged mice 102:110 A deficiency of the link protein Bral2 affects the size of the extracellular space in the thalamus of aged mice. 28815777 2 22 theme thalamic 489:496 arg1 nucleus 520:526 the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus 485:526 the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) 485:532 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 2 22 theme thalamic 489:496 arg1 VPM 529:531 VPM 529:531 VPM 529:531 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 6 23 theme ACs 1146:1148 arg1 nets 1097:1100 both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets 1045:1100 both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets 1045:1100 Bral2 deficiency led to a reduction of both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets and a complete disruption of brevican-based ACs in young as well as aged VPM. 28815777 6 23 theme ACs 1146:1148 arg1 disruption 1117:1126 a complete disruption 1106:1126 a complete disruption of brevican-based ACs 1106:1148 Bral2 deficiency led to a reduction of both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets and a complete disruption of brevican-based ACs in young as well as aged VPM. 28815777 1 24 from nets 210:213 arg1 regions 256:262 specific brain regions 241:262 specific brain regions 241:262 Bral2 is a link protein stabilizing the binding between lecticans and hyaluronan in perineuronal nets and axonal coats (ACs) in specific brain regions. 28815777 1 25 from binding 153:159 arg1 ACs 233:235 ACs 233:235 ACs 233:235 Bral2 is a link protein stabilizing the binding between lecticans and hyaluronan in perineuronal nets and axonal coats (ACs) in specific brain regions. 28815777 1 25 from binding 153:159 arg1 nets 210:213 perineuronal nets 197:213 perineuronal nets 197:213 Bral2 is a link protein stabilizing the binding between lecticans and hyaluronan in perineuronal nets and axonal coats (ACs) in specific brain regions. 28815777 1 25 from binding 153:159 arg1 coats 226:230 axonal coats 219:230 axonal coats (ACs) 219:236 Bral2 is a link protein stabilizing the binding between lecticans and hyaluronan in perineuronal nets and axonal coats (ACs) in specific brain regions. 28815777 6 26 from reduction 1032:1040 arg1 VPM 1175:1177 young as well as aged VPM 1153:1177 young as well as aged VPM 1153:1177 Bral2 deficiency led to a reduction of both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets and a complete disruption of brevican-based ACs in young as well as aged VPM. 28815777 2 27 theme Bral2-deficient 610:624 arg1 mice 638:641 Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice 610:641 Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice 610:641 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 2 27 theme Bral2-deficient 610:624 arg1 months 578:583 3-6 months 574:583 3-6 months 574:583 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 9 28 theme synaptic 1656:1663 arg1 transmission 1665:1676 synaptic transmission 1656:1676 synaptic transmission 1656:1676 A decreased ECS volume in aged Bral2-/- mice may influence the diffusion of neuroactive substances, and thus extrasynaptic and also indirectly synaptic transmission in this important nucleus of the somatosensory pathway. 28815777 4 29 theme young 845:849 arg1 mice 859:862 the young or aged mice 841:862 the young or aged mice 841:862 In the cortex, no changes between wt and Bral2-/- were detected, either in the young or aged mice. 28815777 3 30 theme matrix 746:751 arg1 composition 753:763 extracellular matrix composition 732:763 extracellular matrix composition 732:763 The results were correlated with an analysis of extracellular matrix composition. 28815777 9 31 theme substances 1601:1610 arg1 diffusion 1576:1584 the diffusion 1572:1584 the diffusion of neuroactive substances 1572:1610 A decreased ECS volume in aged Bral2-/- mice may influence the diffusion of neuroactive substances, and thus extrasynaptic and also indirectly synaptic transmission in this important nucleus of the somatosensory pathway. 28815777 2 32 theme young 561:565 arg1 mice 638:641 Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice 610:641 Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice 610:641 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 2 32 theme young 561:565 arg1 months 578:583 3-6 months 574:583 3-6 months 574:583 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 0 33 theme extracellular 63:75 arg1 space 77:81 the extracellular space 59:81 the extracellular space 59:81 A deficiency of the link protein Bral2 affects the size of the extracellular space in the thalamus of aged mice. 28815777 9 34 from volume 1529:1534 arg1 mice 1553:1556 aged Bral2-/- mice 1539:1556 aged Bral2-/- mice 1539:1556 A decreased ECS volume in aged Bral2-/- mice may influence the diffusion of neuroactive substances, and thus extrasynaptic and also indirectly synaptic transmission in this important nucleus of the somatosensory pathway. 28815777 2 35 theme apparent 434:441 arg1 coefficient 453:463 apparent diffusion coefficient 434:463 apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) 434:480 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 6 36 theme aged 1170:1173 arg1 VPM 1175:1177 young as well as aged VPM 1153:1177 young as well as aged VPM 1153:1177 Bral2 deficiency led to a reduction of both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets and a complete disruption of brevican-based ACs in young as well as aged VPM. 28815777 0 37 theme protein 25:31 arg1 Bral2 33:37 the link protein Bral2 16:37 the link protein Bral2 16:37 A deficiency of the link protein Bral2 affects the size of the extracellular space in the thalamus of aged mice. 28815777 8 38 theme enhanced 1335:1342 arg1 damage 1356:1361 the enhanced age-related damage 1331:1361 the enhanced age-related damage of neurons lacking protective ACs 1331:1395 This effect is probably mediated through the enhanced age-related damage of neurons lacking protective ACs, or the exhausting of compensatory mechanisms maintaining unchanged diffusion parameters in young Bral2-/- animals. 28815777 5 39 theme age-matched 984:994 arg1 controls 996:1003 age-matched controls 984:1003 age-matched controls 984:1003 In the VPM of aged but not in young Bral2-/- mice, we observed a significant decrease in α and ADCW in comparison with age-matched controls. 28815777 2 40 dep aged 590:593 arg1 months 602:607 14-20 months 596:607 14-20 months 596:607 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 2 41 theme volume 393:398 arg1 fraction 400:407 the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α) 363:411 the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α) 363:411 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 2 42 theme ECS 388:390 arg1 fraction 400:407 the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α) 363:411 the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α) 363:411 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 4 43 theme aged 854:857 arg1 mice 859:862 the young or aged mice 841:862 the young or aged mice 841:862 In the cortex, no changes between wt and Bral2-/- were detected, either in the young or aged mice. 28815777 8 44 theme neurons 1366:1372 arg1 damage 1356:1361 the enhanced age-related damage 1331:1361 the enhanced age-related damage of neurons lacking protective ACs 1331:1395 This effect is probably mediated through the enhanced age-related damage of neurons lacking protective ACs, or the exhausting of compensatory mechanisms maintaining unchanged diffusion parameters in young Bral2-/- animals. 28815777 2 45 theme space 381:385 arg1 fraction 400:407 the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α) 363:411 the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α) 363:411 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 0 46 theme link 20:23 arg1 Bral2 33:37 the link protein Bral2 16:37 the link protein Bral2 16:37 A deficiency of the link protein Bral2 affects the size of the extracellular space in the thalamus of aged mice. 28815777 1 47 theme brain 250:254 arg1 regions 256:262 specific brain regions 241:262 specific brain regions 241:262 Bral2 is a link protein stabilizing the binding between lecticans and hyaluronan in perineuronal nets and axonal coats (ACs) in specific brain regions. 28815777 8 48 theme protective 1382:1391 arg1 ACs 1393:1395 protective ACs 1382:1395 protective ACs 1382:1395 This effect is probably mediated through the enhanced age-related damage of neurons lacking protective ACs, or the exhausting of compensatory mechanisms maintaining unchanged diffusion parameters in young Bral2-/- animals. 28815777 0 49 theme Bral2 33:37 arg1 deficiency 2:11 A deficiency 0:11 A deficiency of the link protein Bral2 0:37 A deficiency of the link protein Bral2 affects the size of the extracellular space in the thalamus of aged mice. 28815777 9 50 theme important 1686:1694 arg1 nucleus 1696:1702 this important nucleus 1681:1702 this important nucleus of the somatosensory pathway 1681:1731 A decreased ECS volume in aged Bral2-/- mice may influence the diffusion of neuroactive substances, and thus extrasynaptic and also indirectly synaptic transmission in this important nucleus of the somatosensory pathway. 28815777 2 51 theme real-time 275:283 arg1 method 299:304 the real-time iontophoretic method 271:304 the real-time iontophoretic method 271:304 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 2 52 theme controls 674:681 arg1 nucleus 520:526 the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus 485:526 the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) 485:532 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 2 52 theme controls 674:681 arg1 cortex 551:556 sensorimotor cortex 538:556 sensorimotor cortex 538:556 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 2 52 theme controls 674:681 arg1 VPM 529:531 VPM 529:531 VPM 529:531 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 8 53 theme young 1489:1493 arg1 animals 1504:1510 young Bral2-/- animals 1489:1510 young Bral2-/- animals 1489:1510 This effect is probably mediated through the enhanced age-related damage of neurons lacking protective ACs, or the exhausting of compensatory mechanisms maintaining unchanged diffusion parameters in young Bral2-/- animals. 28815777 1 54 theme perineuronal 197:208 arg1 nets 210:213 perineuronal nets 197:213 perineuronal nets 197:213 Bral2 is a link protein stabilizing the binding between lecticans and hyaluronan in perineuronal nets and axonal coats (ACs) in specific brain regions. 28815777 9 55 theme somatosensory 1711:1723 arg1 pathway 1725:1731 the somatosensory pathway 1707:1731 the somatosensory pathway 1707:1731 A decreased ECS volume in aged Bral2-/- mice may influence the diffusion of neuroactive substances, and thus extrasynaptic and also indirectly synaptic transmission in this important nucleus of the somatosensory pathway. 28815777 6 56 theme disruption 1117:1126 arg1 reduction 1032:1040 a reduction 1030:1040 a reduction of both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets and a complete disruption of brevican-based ACs in young as well as aged VPM 1030:1177 Bral2 deficiency led to a reduction of both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets and a complete disruption of brevican-based ACs in young as well as aged VPM. 28815777 2 57 theme diffusion-weighted 310:327 arg1 resonance 338:346 diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance 310:346 diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance 310:346 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 7 58 theme VPM 1275:1277 arg1 diffusion 1279:1287 VPM diffusion 1275:1287 VPM diffusion 1275:1287 Our data suggest that aging is a critical point that reveals the effect of Bral2 deficiency on VPM diffusion. 28815777 8 59 theme mechanisms 1432:1441 arg1 exhausting 1405:1414 exhausting 1405:1414 exhausting 1405:1414 This effect is probably mediated through the enhanced age-related damage of neurons lacking protective ACs, or the exhausting of compensatory mechanisms maintaining unchanged diffusion parameters in young Bral2-/- animals. 28815777 5 60 from ADCW 960:963 arg1 comparison 968:977 comparison 968:977 comparison with age-matched controls 968:1003 In the VPM of aged but not in young Bral2-/- mice, we observed a significant decrease in α and ADCW in comparison with age-matched controls. 28815777 7 61 theme deficiency 1261:1270 arg1 effect 1245:1250 the effect 1241:1250 the effect of Bral2 deficiency on VPM diffusion 1241:1287 Our data suggest that aging is a critical point that reveals the effect of Bral2 deficiency on VPM diffusion. 28815777 2 62 theme ventral 498:504 arg1 nucleus 520:526 the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus 485:526 the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) 485:532 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 2 62 theme ventral 498:504 arg1 VPM 529:531 VPM 529:531 VPM 529:531 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 8 63 theme unchanged 1455:1463 arg1 parameters 1475:1484 unchanged diffusion parameters 1455:1484 unchanged diffusion parameters 1455:1484 This effect is probably mediated through the enhanced age-related damage of neurons lacking protective ACs, or the exhausting of compensatory mechanisms maintaining unchanged diffusion parameters in young Bral2-/- animals. 28815777 6 64 theme nets 1097:1100 arg1 reduction 1032:1040 a reduction 1030:1040 a reduction of both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets and a complete disruption of brevican-based ACs in young as well as aged VPM 1030:1177 Bral2 deficiency led to a reduction of both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets and a complete disruption of brevican-based ACs in young as well as aged VPM. 28815777 1 65 theme link 124:127 arg1 Bral2 113:117 Bral2 113:117 Bral2 113:117 Bral2 is a link protein stabilizing the binding between lecticans and hyaluronan in perineuronal nets and axonal coats (ACs) in specific brain regions. 28815777 1 65 theme link 124:127 arg1 protein 129:135 a link protein 122:135 a link protein stabilizing the binding between lecticans and hyaluronan in perineuronal nets and axonal coats (ACs) in specific brain regions 122:262 Bral2 is a link protein stabilizing the binding between lecticans and hyaluronan in perineuronal nets and axonal coats (ACs) in specific brain regions. 28815777 6 66 theme brevican-associated 1064:1082 arg1 nets 1097:1100 both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets 1045:1100 both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets 1045:1100 Bral2 deficiency led to a reduction of both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets and a complete disruption of brevican-based ACs in young as well as aged VPM. 28815777 9 67 theme decreased 1515:1523 arg1 volume 1529:1534 A decreased ECS volume 1513:1534 A decreased ECS volume in aged Bral2-/- mice 1513:1556 A decreased ECS volume in aged Bral2-/- mice may influence the diffusion of neuroactive substances, and thus extrasynaptic and also indirectly synaptic transmission in this important nucleus of the somatosensory pathway. 28815777 2 68 theme wt 670:671 arg1 controls 674:681 age-matched wild-type (wt) controls 647:681 age-matched wild-type (wt) controls 647:681 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 1 69 from coats 226:230 arg1 regions 256:262 specific brain regions 241:262 specific brain regions 241:262 Bral2 is a link protein stabilizing the binding between lecticans and hyaluronan in perineuronal nets and axonal coats (ACs) in specific brain regions. 28815777 2 70 theme wild-type 659:667 arg1 controls 674:681 age-matched wild-type (wt) controls 647:681 age-matched wild-type (wt) controls 647:681 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 0 71 theme mice 107:110 arg1 thalamus 90:97 the thalamus 86:97 the thalamus of aged mice 86:110 A deficiency of the link protein Bral2 affects the size of the extracellular space in the thalamus of aged mice. 28815777 5 72 theme Bral2-/- 901:908 arg1 mice 910:913 young Bral2-/- mice 895:913 young Bral2-/- mice 895:913 In the VPM of aged but not in young Bral2-/- mice, we observed a significant decrease in α and ADCW in comparison with age-matched controls. 28815777 9 73 theme aged 1539:1542 arg1 mice 1553:1556 aged Bral2-/- mice 1539:1556 aged Bral2-/- mice 1539:1556 A decreased ECS volume in aged Bral2-/- mice may influence the diffusion of neuroactive substances, and thus extrasynaptic and also indirectly synaptic transmission in this important nucleus of the somatosensory pathway. 28815777 0 74 from size 51:54 arg1 thalamus 90:97 the thalamus 86:97 the thalamus of aged mice 86:110 A deficiency of the link protein Bral2 affects the size of the extracellular space in the thalamus of aged mice. 28815777 2 75 theme aged 590:593 arg1 nucleus 520:526 the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus 485:526 the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) 485:532 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 2 75 theme aged 590:593 arg1 cortex 551:556 sensorimotor cortex 538:556 sensorimotor cortex 538:556 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 2 75 theme aged 590:593 arg1 VPM 529:531 VPM 529:531 VPM 529:531 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 6 76 theme brevican-based 1131:1144 arg1 ACs 1146:1148 brevican-based ACs 1131:1148 brevican-based ACs 1131:1148 Bral2 deficiency led to a reduction of both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets and a complete disruption of brevican-based ACs in young as well as aged VPM. 28815777 3 77 theme extracellular 732:744 arg1 composition 753:763 extracellular matrix composition 732:763 extracellular matrix composition 732:763 The results were correlated with an analysis of extracellular matrix composition. 28815777 7 78 from effect 1245:1250 arg1 diffusion 1279:1287 VPM diffusion 1275:1287 VPM diffusion 1275:1287 Our data suggest that aging is a critical point that reveals the effect of Bral2 deficiency on VPM diffusion. 28815777 4 79 located detected 821:828 arg1 cortex 773:778 the cortex 769:778 the cortex 769:778 In the cortex, no changes between wt and Bral2-/- were detected, either in the young or aged mice. 28815777 4 79 located detected 821:828 arg2 changes 784:790 no changes 781:790 no changes between wt and Bral2-/- 781:814 In the cortex, no changes between wt and Bral2-/- were detected, either in the young or aged mice. 28815777 9 80 theme neuroactive 1589:1599 arg1 substances 1601:1610 neuroactive substances 1589:1610 neuroactive substances 1589:1610 A decreased ECS volume in aged Bral2-/- mice may influence the diffusion of neuroactive substances, and thus extrasynaptic and also indirectly synaptic transmission in this important nucleus of the somatosensory pathway. 28815777 2 81 theme adult 567:571 arg1 mice 638:641 Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice 610:641 Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice 610:641 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 2 81 theme adult 567:571 arg1 months 578:583 3-6 months 574:583 3-6 months 574:583 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 0 82 theme space 77:81 arg1 size 51:54 the size 47:54 the size of the extracellular space in the thalamus of aged mice 47:110 A deficiency of the link protein Bral2 affects the size of the extracellular space in the thalamus of aged mice. 28815777 3 83 theme composition 753:763 arg1 analysis 720:727 an analysis 717:727 an analysis of extracellular matrix composition 717:763 The results were correlated with an analysis of extracellular matrix composition. 28815777 2 84 theme diffusion 443:451 arg1 coefficient 453:463 apparent diffusion coefficient 434:463 apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) 434:480 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 8 85 theme age-related 1344:1354 arg1 damage 1356:1361 the enhanced age-related damage 1331:1361 the enhanced age-related damage of neurons lacking protective ACs 1331:1395 This effect is probably mediated through the enhanced age-related damage of neurons lacking protective ACs, or the exhausting of compensatory mechanisms maintaining unchanged diffusion parameters in young Bral2-/- animals. 28815777 5 86 theme significant 930:940 arg1 decrease 942:949 a significant decrease 928:949 a significant decrease in α and ADCW in comparison with age-matched controls 928:1003 In the VPM of aged but not in young Bral2-/- mice, we observed a significant decrease in α and ADCW in comparison with age-matched controls. 28815777 5 87 from α 954:954 arg1 comparison 968:977 comparison 968:977 comparison with age-matched controls 968:1003 In the VPM of aged but not in young Bral2-/- mice, we observed a significant decrease in α and ADCW in comparison with age-matched controls. 28815777 1 88 theme specific 241:248 arg1 regions 256:262 specific brain regions 241:262 specific brain regions 241:262 Bral2 is a link protein stabilizing the binding between lecticans and hyaluronan in perineuronal nets and axonal coats (ACs) in specific brain regions. 28815777 2 89 theme extracellular 367:379 arg1 fraction 400:407 the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α) 363:411 the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α) 363:411 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 5 90 from decrease 942:949 arg1 ADCW 960:963 ADCW 960:963 ADCW 960:963 In the VPM of aged but not in young Bral2-/- mice, we observed a significant decrease in α and ADCW in comparison with age-matched controls. 28815777 5 90 from decrease 942:949 arg1 α 954:954 α 954:954 α 954:954 In the VPM of aged but not in young Bral2-/- mice, we observed a significant decrease in α and ADCW in comparison with age-matched controls. 28815777 6 91 theme young 1153:1157 arg1 VPM 1175:1177 young as well as aged VPM 1153:1177 young as well as aged VPM 1153:1177 Bral2 deficiency led to a reduction of both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets and a complete disruption of brevican-based ACs in young as well as aged VPM. 28815777 2 92 theme iontophoretic 285:297 arg1 method 299:304 the real-time iontophoretic method 271:304 the real-time iontophoretic method 271:304 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 28815777 8 93 theme Bral2-/- 1495:1502 arg1 animals 1504:1510 young Bral2-/- animals 1489:1510 young Bral2-/- animals 1489:1510 This effect is probably mediated through the enhanced age-related damage of neurons lacking protective ACs, or the exhausting of compensatory mechanisms maintaining unchanged diffusion parameters in young Bral2-/- animals. 28815777 8 94 theme compensatory 1419:1430 arg1 mechanisms 1432:1441 compensatory mechanisms 1419:1441 compensatory mechanisms 1419:1441 This effect is probably mediated through the enhanced age-related damage of neurons lacking protective ACs, or the exhausting of compensatory mechanisms maintaining unchanged diffusion parameters in young Bral2-/- animals. 28815777 2 95 theme magnetic 329:336 arg1 resonance 338:346 diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance 310:346 diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance 310:346 Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. 27666743 13 0 theme THG-a14T 1581:1588 arg1 MSL-03T 1609:1615 P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T, P. soli THG-a14T and P. bigeumensis MSL-03T 1542:1615 P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T, P. soli THG-a14T and P. bigeumensis MSL-03T 1542:1615 However, DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between strain DCY87T and P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T, P. soli THG-a14T and P. bigeumensis MSL-03T was well below 17 %. 27666743 13 1 theme strain 1524:1529 arg1 DCY87T 1531:1536 strain DCY87T 1524:1536 strain DCY87T 1524:1536 However, DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between strain DCY87T and P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T, P. soli THG-a14T and P. bigeumensis MSL-03T was well below 17 %. 27666743 5 2 theme 16S 429:431 arg1 analysis 452:459 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 429:459 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 429:459 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY87T shared the highest similarity to 'Phycicoccus ochangensis' L1b-b9 (98.7 %). 27666743 10 3 theme cell-wall 1224:1232 arg1 peptidoglycan 1234:1246 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1220:1246 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1220:1246 Strain DCY87T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and glucose, xylose and rhamnose in the whole-cell sugar. 27666743 15 4 theme Phycicoccus 1793:1803 arg1 sp 1818:1819 the name Phycicoccus ginsengisoli sp 1784:1819 the name Phycicoccus ginsengisoli sp 1784:1819 Accordingly, we propose the name Phycicoccus ginsengisoli sp. 27666743 13 5 theme bigeumensis 1597:1607 arg1 MSL-03T 1609:1615 P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T, P. soli THG-a14T and P. bigeumensis MSL-03T 1542:1615 P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T, P. soli THG-a14T and P. bigeumensis MSL-03T 1542:1615 However, DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between strain DCY87T and P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T, P. soli THG-a14T and P. bigeumensis MSL-03T was well below 17 %. 27666743 5 6 theme rRNA 433:436 arg1 analysis 452:459 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 429:459 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 429:459 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY87T shared the highest similarity to 'Phycicoccus ochangensis' L1b-b9 (98.7 %). 27666743 11 7 theme DNA 1318:1320 arg1 content 1326:1332 The genomic DNA G+C content 1306:1332 The genomic DNA G+C content 1306:1332 The genomic DNA G+C content was calculated to be 72.7 mol%. 27666743 11 7 theme DNA 1318:1320 arg1 % 1363:1363 72.7 mol% 1355:1363 72.7 mol% 1355:1363 The genomic DNA G+C content was calculated to be 72.7 mol%. 27666743 2 8 theme excellent 104:112 arg1 soil 93:96 Ginseng-cultivated soil 74:96 Ginseng-cultivated soil 74:96 Ginseng-cultivated soil is an excellent habitat for soil-borne bacteria to proliferate. 27666743 2 8 theme excellent 104:112 arg1 habitat 114:120 an excellent habitat 101:120 an excellent habitat for soil-borne bacteria to proliferate 101:159 Ginseng-cultivated soil is an excellent habitat for soil-borne bacteria to proliferate. 27666743 13 9 theme P. 1594:1595 arg1 MSL-03T 1609:1615 P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T, P. soli THG-a14T and P. bigeumensis MSL-03T 1542:1615 P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T, P. soli THG-a14T and P. bigeumensis MSL-03T 1542:1615 However, DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between strain DCY87T and P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T, P. soli THG-a14T and P. bigeumensis MSL-03T was well below 17 %. 27666743 1 10 theme cultivated 49:58 arg1 soil 68:71 cultivated ginseng soil 49:71 cultivated ginseng soil 49:71 nov., isolated from cultivated ginseng soil. 27666743 5 11 theme gene 438:441 arg1 analysis 452:459 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 429:459 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 429:459 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY87T shared the highest similarity to 'Phycicoccus ochangensis' L1b-b9 (98.7 %). 27666743 11 12 theme G+C 1322:1324 arg1 content 1326:1332 The genomic DNA G+C content 1306:1332 The genomic DNA G+C content 1306:1332 The genomic DNA G+C content was calculated to be 72.7 mol%. 27666743 11 12 theme G+C 1322:1324 arg1 % 1363:1363 72.7 mol% 1355:1363 72.7 mol% 1355:1363 The genomic DNA G+C content was calculated to be 72.7 mol%. 27666743 3 13 theme ginseng-cultivated 204:221 arg1 soil 223:226 ginseng-cultivated soil 204:226 ginseng-cultivated soil in Gochang County, Republic of Korea 204:263 A novel strain, DCY87T, was isolated from ginseng-cultivated soil in Gochang County, Republic of Korea, and subsequently characterized by polyphasic approach. 27666743 10 14 theme whole-cell 1288:1297 arg1 sugar 1299:1303 the whole-cell sugar 1284:1303 the whole-cell sugar 1284:1303 Strain DCY87T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and glucose, xylose and rhamnose in the whole-cell sugar. 27666743 1 15 theme ginseng 60:66 arg1 soil 68:71 cultivated ginseng soil 49:71 cultivated ginseng soil 49:71 nov., isolated from cultivated ginseng soil. 27666743 5 16 theme highest 498:504 arg1 similarity 506:515 the highest similarity 494:515 the highest similarity to 'Phycicoccus ochangensis' L1b-b9 494:551 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY87T shared the highest similarity to 'Phycicoccus ochangensis' L1b-b9 (98.7 %). 27666743 12 17 theme ochangensis 1424:1434 arg1 L1b-b9 1437:1442 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 1420:1442 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 1420:1442 DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain DCY87T and 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 was estimated to be 50 %. 27666743 6 18 theme Phycicoccus 835:845 arg1 DS-8T 859:863 Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T 835:863 Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) 835:872 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T were identified: Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %), Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %), Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus cremeus V2M29T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) and Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %). 27666743 6 18 theme Phycicoccus 835:845 arg1 % 871:871 97.3 % 866:871 97.3 % 866:871 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T were identified: Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %), Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %), Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus cremeus V2M29T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) and Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %). 27666743 10 19 theme diamino 1204:1210 arg1 acid 1212:1215 diamino acid 1204:1215 diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1204:1246 Strain DCY87T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and glucose, xylose and rhamnose in the whole-cell sugar. 27666743 3 20 theme novel 164:168 arg1 strain 170:175 A novel strain 162:175 A novel strain 162:175 A novel strain, DCY87T, was isolated from ginseng-cultivated soil in Gochang County, Republic of Korea, and subsequently characterized by polyphasic approach. 27666743 3 20 theme novel 164:168 arg1 DCY87T 178:183 DCY87T 178:183 DCY87T 178:183 A novel strain, DCY87T, was isolated from ginseng-cultivated soil in Gochang County, Republic of Korea, and subsequently characterized by polyphasic approach. 27666743 13 21 theme DNA-DNA 1479:1485 arg1 hybridization 1487:1499 DNA-DNA hybridization 1479:1499 DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between strain DCY87T and P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T, P. soli THG-a14T and P. bigeumensis MSL-03T 1479:1615 However, DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between strain DCY87T and P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T, P. soli THG-a14T and P. bigeumensis MSL-03T was well below 17 %. 27666743 3 22 attach isolated 190:197 arg1 soil 223:226 ginseng-cultivated soil 204:226 ginseng-cultivated soil in Gochang County, Republic of Korea 204:263 A novel strain, DCY87T, was isolated from ginseng-cultivated soil in Gochang County, Republic of Korea, and subsequently characterized by polyphasic approach. 27666743 3 22 attach isolated 190:197 arg2 DCY87T 178:183 DCY87T 178:183 DCY87T 178:183 A novel strain, DCY87T, was isolated from ginseng-cultivated soil in Gochang County, Republic of Korea, and subsequently characterized by polyphasic approach. 27666743 3 22 attach isolated 190:197 arg2 strain 170:175 A novel strain 162:175 A novel strain 162:175 A novel strain, DCY87T, was isolated from ginseng-cultivated soil in Gochang County, Republic of Korea, and subsequently characterized by polyphasic approach. 27666743 11 23 theme genomic 1310:1316 arg1 content 1326:1332 The genomic DNA G+C content 1306:1332 The genomic DNA G+C content 1306:1332 The genomic DNA G+C content was calculated to be 72.7 mol%. 27666743 11 23 theme genomic 1310:1316 arg1 % 1363:1363 72.7 mol% 1355:1363 72.7 mol% 1355:1363 The genomic DNA G+C content was calculated to be 72.7 mol%. 27666743 14 24 theme genus 1741:1745 arg1 Phycicoccus 1747:1757 the genus Phycicoccus 1737:1757 the genus Phycicoccus 1737:1757 In general, polyphasic taxonomy demonstrated that DCY87T strain represented a novel species within the genus Phycicoccus. 27666743 6 25 theme DCY87T 604:609 arg1 relatives 584:592 Closely phylogenetic relatives 563:592 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T 563:609 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T were identified: Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %), Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %), Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus cremeus V2M29T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) and Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %). 27666743 15 26 theme name 1788:1791 arg1 sp 1818:1819 the name Phycicoccus ginsengisoli sp 1784:1819 the name Phycicoccus ginsengisoli sp 1784:1819 Accordingly, we propose the name Phycicoccus ginsengisoli sp. 27666743 17 27 theme =KCTC 1854:1858 arg1 31016T 1871:1876 =KCTC 39635T=JCM 31016T 1854:1876 =KCTC 39635T=JCM 31016T 1854:1876 The type strain is DCY87T (=KCTC 39635T=JCM 31016T). 27666743 17 27 theme =KCTC 1854:1858 arg1 DCY87T 1846:1851 DCY87T 1846:1851 DCY87T (=KCTC 39635T=JCM 31016T) 1846:1877 The type strain is DCY87T (=KCTC 39635T=JCM 31016T). 27666743 8 28 theme cellular 1020:1027 arg1 acids 1035:1039 The major cellular fatty acids 1010:1039 The major cellular fatty acids 1010:1039 The major cellular fatty acids were composed of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15:0, C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 27666743 10 29 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1176:1194 arg1 acid 1196:1199 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1176:1199 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1176:1199 Strain DCY87T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and glucose, xylose and rhamnose in the whole-cell sugar. 27666743 6 30 theme Phycicoccus 628:638 arg1 BXN5-13T 658:665 Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T 628:665 Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %) 628:674 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T were identified: Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %), Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %), Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus cremeus V2M29T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) and Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %). 27666743 6 30 theme Phycicoccus 628:638 arg1 % 673:673 97.9 % 668:673 97.9 % 668:673 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T were identified: Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %), Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %), Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus cremeus V2M29T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) and Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %). 27666743 0 31 theme Phycicoccus 0:10 arg1 ginsengisoli 12:23 Phycicoccus ginsengisoli 0:23 Phycicoccus ginsengisoli 0:23 Phycicoccus ginsengisoli sp. 27666743 10 32 from xylose 1261:1266 arg1 sugar 1299:1303 the whole-cell sugar 1284:1303 the whole-cell sugar 1284:1303 Strain DCY87T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and glucose, xylose and rhamnose in the whole-cell sugar. 27666743 10 32 from xylose 1261:1266 arg1 peptidoglycan 1234:1246 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1220:1246 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1220:1246 Strain DCY87T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and glucose, xylose and rhamnose in the whole-cell sugar. 27666743 8 33 theme major 1014:1018 arg1 acids 1035:1039 The major cellular fatty acids 1010:1039 The major cellular fatty acids 1010:1039 The major cellular fatty acids were composed of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15:0, C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 27666743 5 34 theme strain 473:478 arg1 DCY87T 480:485 strain DCY87T 473:485 strain DCY87T 473:485 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY87T shared the highest similarity to 'Phycicoccus ochangensis' L1b-b9 (98.7 %). 27666743 10 35 from glucose 1252:1258 arg1 sugar 1299:1303 the whole-cell sugar 1284:1303 the whole-cell sugar 1284:1303 Strain DCY87T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and glucose, xylose and rhamnose in the whole-cell sugar. 27666743 10 35 from glucose 1252:1258 arg1 peptidoglycan 1234:1246 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1220:1246 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1220:1246 Strain DCY87T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and glucose, xylose and rhamnose in the whole-cell sugar. 27666743 6 36 theme strain 597:602 arg1 DCY87T 604:609 strain DCY87T 597:609 strain DCY87T 597:609 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T were identified: Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %), Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %), Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus cremeus V2M29T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) and Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %). 27666743 2 37 dep bacteria 137:144 arg1 proliferate 149:159 proliferate 149:159 to proliferate 146:159 Ginseng-cultivated soil is an excellent habitat for soil-borne bacteria to proliferate. 27666743 7 38 theme major 923:927 arg1 lipids 935:940 The major polar lipids 919:940 The major polar lipids 919:940 The major polar lipids were classified as phosphatidylinositol and diphosphatidylglycerol. 27666743 7 38 theme major 923:927 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 986:1007 diphosphatidylglycerol 986:1007 diphosphatidylglycerol 986:1007 The major polar lipids were classified as phosphatidylinositol and diphosphatidylglycerol. 27666743 7 38 theme major 923:927 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 961:980 phosphatidylinositol 961:980 phosphatidylinositol 961:980 The major polar lipids were classified as phosphatidylinositol and diphosphatidylglycerol. 27666743 6 39 theme Phycicoccus 677:687 arg1 THG-a14T 694:701 Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T 677:701 Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %) 677:710 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T were identified: Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %), Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %), Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus cremeus V2M29T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) and Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %). 27666743 6 39 theme Phycicoccus 677:687 arg1 % 709:709 97.8 % 704:709 97.8 % 704:709 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T were identified: Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %), Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %), Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus cremeus V2M29T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) and Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %). 27666743 6 40 theme Phycicoccus 713:723 arg1 MSL-03T 737:743 Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T 713:743 Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %) 713:752 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T were identified: Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %), Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %), Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus cremeus V2M29T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) and Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %). 27666743 6 40 theme Phycicoccus 713:723 arg1 % 751:751 97.3 % 746:751 97.3 % 746:751 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T were identified: Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %), Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %), Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus cremeus V2M29T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) and Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %). 27666743 8 41 theme fatty 1029:1033 arg1 acids 1035:1039 The major cellular fatty acids 1010:1039 The major cellular fatty acids 1010:1039 The major cellular fatty acids were composed of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15:0, C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 27666743 12 42 theme strain 1402:1407 arg1 DCY87T 1409:1414 strain DCY87T 1402:1414 strain DCY87T 1402:1414 DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain DCY87T and 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 was estimated to be 50 %. 27666743 6 43 theme soli 689:692 arg1 THG-a14T 694:701 Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T 677:701 Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %) 677:710 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T were identified: Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %), Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %), Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus cremeus V2M29T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) and Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %). 27666743 6 43 theme soli 689:692 arg1 % 709:709 97.8 % 704:709 97.8 % 704:709 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T were identified: Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %), Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %), Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus cremeus V2M29T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) and Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %). 27666743 8 44 dep composed 1046:1053 arg1 C17  1086:1089 C17  1086:1089 C17  1086:1089 The major cellular fatty acids were composed of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15:0, C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 27666743 8 44 dep composed 1046:1053 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1071:1083 anteiso-C15:0 1071:1083 anteiso-C15:0 1071:1083 The major cellular fatty acids were composed of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15:0, C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 27666743 8 44 dep composed 1046:1053 arg1 C17  1098:1101 C17  1098:1101 C17  1098:1101 The major cellular fatty acids were composed of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15:0, C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. 27666743 6 45 dep Phycicoccus 792:802 arg1 aerophilus 804:813 aerophilus 804:813 aerophilus 804:813 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T were identified: Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %), Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %), Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus cremeus V2M29T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) and Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %). 27666743 10 46 theme Strain 1152:1157 arg1 DCY87T 1159:1164 Strain DCY87T 1152:1164 Strain DCY87T 1152:1164 Strain DCY87T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and glucose, xylose and rhamnose in the whole-cell sugar. 27666743 14 47 theme polyphasic 1650:1659 arg1 taxonomy 1661:1668 polyphasic taxonomy 1650:1668 polyphasic taxonomy 1650:1668 In general, polyphasic taxonomy demonstrated that DCY87T strain represented a novel species within the genus Phycicoccus. 27666743 6 48 theme phylogenetic 571:582 arg1 relatives 584:592 Closely phylogenetic relatives 563:592 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T 563:609 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T were identified: Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %), Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %), Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus cremeus V2M29T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) and Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %). 27666743 13 49 theme ginsenosidimutans 1545:1561 arg1 MSL-03T 1609:1615 P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T, P. soli THG-a14T and P. bigeumensis MSL-03T 1542:1615 P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T, P. soli THG-a14T and P. bigeumensis MSL-03T 1542:1615 However, DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between strain DCY87T and P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T, P. soli THG-a14T and P. bigeumensis MSL-03T was well below 17 %. 27666743 10 50 from rhamnose 1272:1279 arg1 sugar 1299:1303 the whole-cell sugar 1284:1303 the whole-cell sugar 1284:1303 Strain DCY87T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and glucose, xylose and rhamnose in the whole-cell sugar. 27666743 10 50 from rhamnose 1272:1279 arg1 peptidoglycan 1234:1246 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1220:1246 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1220:1246 Strain DCY87T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and glucose, xylose and rhamnose in the whole-cell sugar. 27666743 17 51 theme type 1831:1834 arg1 DCY87T 1846:1851 DCY87T 1846:1851 DCY87T (=KCTC 39635T=JCM 31016T) 1846:1877 The type strain is DCY87T (=KCTC 39635T=JCM 31016T). 27666743 17 51 theme type 1831:1834 arg1 strain 1836:1841 The type strain 1827:1841 The type strain 1827:1841 The type strain is DCY87T (=KCTC 39635T=JCM 31016T). 27666743 6 52 theme Phycicoccus 878:888 arg1 KSW2-15T 900:907 Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T 878:907 Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %) 878:916 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T were identified: Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %), Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %), Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus cremeus V2M29T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) and Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %). 27666743 6 52 theme Phycicoccus 878:888 arg1 % 915:915 97.1 % 910:915 97.1 % 910:915 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T were identified: Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %), Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %), Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus cremeus V2M29T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) and Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %). 27666743 12 53 theme hybridization 1374:1386 arg1 value 1388:1392 DNA-DNA hybridization value 1366:1392 DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain DCY87T and 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 1366:1442 DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain DCY87T and 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 was estimated to be 50 %. 27666743 6 54 dep Phycicoccus 878:888 arg1 jejuensis 890:898 jejuensis 890:898 jejuensis 890:898 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T were identified: Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %), Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %), Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus cremeus V2M29T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) and Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %). 27666743 17 55 theme 39635T=JCM 1860:1869 arg1 31016T 1871:1876 =KCTC 39635T=JCM 31016T 1854:1876 =KCTC 39635T=JCM 31016T 1854:1876 The type strain is DCY87T (=KCTC 39635T=JCM 31016T). 27666743 17 55 theme 39635T=JCM 1860:1869 arg1 DCY87T 1846:1851 DCY87T 1846:1851 DCY87T (=KCTC 39635T=JCM 31016T) 1846:1877 The type strain is DCY87T (=KCTC 39635T=JCM 31016T). 27666743 3 56 from soil 223:226 arg1 Republic 247:254 Republic 247:254 Republic 247:254 A novel strain, DCY87T, was isolated from ginseng-cultivated soil in Gochang County, Republic of Korea, and subsequently characterized by polyphasic approach. 27666743 3 57 theme polyphasic 300:309 arg1 approach 311:318 polyphasic approach 300:318 polyphasic approach 300:318 A novel strain, DCY87T, was isolated from ginseng-cultivated soil in Gochang County, Republic of Korea, and subsequently characterized by polyphasic approach. 27666743 12 58 theme DNA-DNA 1366:1372 arg1 hybridization 1374:1386 DNA-DNA hybridization 1366:1386 DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain DCY87T and 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 1366:1442 DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain DCY87T and 'P. ochangensis' L1b-b9 was estimated to be 50 %. 27666743 7 59 theme polar 929:933 arg1 lipids 935:940 The major polar lipids 919:940 The major polar lipids 919:940 The major polar lipids were classified as phosphatidylinositol and diphosphatidylglycerol. 27666743 7 59 theme polar 929:933 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 986:1007 diphosphatidylglycerol 986:1007 diphosphatidylglycerol 986:1007 The major polar lipids were classified as phosphatidylinositol and diphosphatidylglycerol. 27666743 7 59 theme polar 929:933 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 961:980 phosphatidylinositol 961:980 phosphatidylinositol 961:980 The major polar lipids were classified as phosphatidylinositol and diphosphatidylglycerol. 27666743 14 60 theme DCY87T 1688:1693 arg1 strain 1695:1700 DCY87T strain 1688:1700 DCY87T strain 1688:1700 In general, polyphasic taxonomy demonstrated that DCY87T strain represented a novel species within the genus Phycicoccus. 27666743 5 61 theme sequence 443:450 arg1 analysis 452:459 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 429:459 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 429:459 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY87T shared the highest similarity to 'Phycicoccus ochangensis' L1b-b9 (98.7 %). 27666743 2 62 theme Ginseng-cultivated 74:91 arg1 soil 93:96 Ginseng-cultivated soil 74:96 Ginseng-cultivated soil 74:96 Ginseng-cultivated soil is an excellent habitat for soil-borne bacteria to proliferate. 27666743 2 62 theme Ginseng-cultivated 74:91 arg1 habitat 114:120 an excellent habitat 101:120 an excellent habitat for soil-borne bacteria to proliferate 101:159 Ginseng-cultivated soil is an excellent habitat for soil-borne bacteria to proliferate. 27666743 6 63 theme Phycicoccus 792:802 arg1 5516T-20T 815:823 Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T 792:823 Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %) 792:832 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T were identified: Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %), Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %), Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus cremeus V2M29T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) and Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %). 27666743 6 63 theme Phycicoccus 792:802 arg1 % 831:831 97.3 % 826:831 97.3 % 826:831 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T were identified: Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %), Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %), Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus cremeus V2M29T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) and Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %). 27666743 10 64 from acid 1212:1215 arg1 sugar 1299:1303 the whole-cell sugar 1284:1303 the whole-cell sugar 1284:1303 Strain DCY87T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and glucose, xylose and rhamnose in the whole-cell sugar. 27666743 10 64 from acid 1212:1215 arg1 peptidoglycan 1234:1246 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1220:1246 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1220:1246 Strain DCY87T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and glucose, xylose and rhamnose in the whole-cell sugar. 27666743 6 65 dep Phycicoccus 628:638 arg1 ginsenosidimutans 640:656 ginsenosidimutans 640:656 ginsenosidimutans 640:656 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T were identified: Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %), Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %), Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus cremeus V2M29T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) and Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %). 27666743 13 66 theme hybridization 1487:1499 arg1 value 1501:1505 DNA-DNA hybridization value 1479:1505 DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between strain DCY87T and P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T, P. soli THG-a14T and P. bigeumensis MSL-03T 1479:1615 However, DNA-DNA hybridization value obtained between strain DCY87T and P. ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T, P. soli THG-a14T and P. bigeumensis MSL-03T was well below 17 %. 27666743 0 67 dep sp 25:26 arg1 ginsengisoli 12:23 Phycicoccus ginsengisoli 0:23 Phycicoccus ginsengisoli 0:23 Phycicoccus ginsengisoli sp. 27666743 5 68 dep shared 487:492 arg1 % 559:559 98.7 % 554:559 98.7 % 554:559 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY87T shared the highest similarity to 'Phycicoccus ochangensis' L1b-b9 (98.7 %). 27666743 10 69 contain contained 1166:1174 arg1 DCY87T 1159:1164 Strain DCY87T 1152:1164 Strain DCY87T 1152:1164 Strain DCY87T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and glucose, xylose and rhamnose in the whole-cell sugar. 27666743 10 69 contain contained 1166:1174 arg2 acid 1196:1199 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1176:1199 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1176:1199 Strain DCY87T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and glucose, xylose and rhamnose in the whole-cell sugar. 27666743 5 70 theme ochangensis 533:543 arg1 L1b-b9 546:551 'Phycicoccus ochangensis' L1b-b9 520:551 'Phycicoccus ochangensis' L1b-b9 520:551 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DCY87T shared the highest similarity to 'Phycicoccus ochangensis' L1b-b9 (98.7 %). 27666743 15 71 theme ginsengisoli 1805:1816 arg1 sp 1818:1819 the name Phycicoccus ginsengisoli sp 1784:1819 the name Phycicoccus ginsengisoli sp 1784:1819 Accordingly, we propose the name Phycicoccus ginsengisoli sp. 27666743 6 72 dep Phycicoccus 713:723 arg1 bigeumensis 725:735 bigeumensis 725:735 bigeumensis 725:735 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T were identified: Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %), Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %), Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus cremeus V2M29T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) and Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %). 27666743 2 73 theme soil-borne 126:135 arg1 bacteria 137:144 soil-borne bacteria 126:144 soil-borne bacteria to proliferate 126:159 Ginseng-cultivated soil is an excellent habitat for soil-borne bacteria to proliferate. 27666743 11 74 theme mol 1360:1362 arg1 content 1326:1332 The genomic DNA G+C content 1306:1332 The genomic DNA G+C content 1306:1332 The genomic DNA G+C content was calculated to be 72.7 mol%. 27666743 11 74 theme mol 1360:1362 arg1 % 1363:1363 72.7 mol% 1355:1363 72.7 mol% 1355:1363 The genomic DNA G+C content was calculated to be 72.7 mol%. 27666743 14 75 theme novel 1716:1720 arg1 species 1722:1728 a novel species 1714:1728 a novel species within the genus Phycicoccus 1714:1757 In general, polyphasic taxonomy demonstrated that DCY87T strain represented a novel species within the genus Phycicoccus. 27666743 6 76 dep Phycicoccus 835:845 arg1 dokdonensis 847:857 dokdonensis 847:857 dokdonensis 847:857 Closely phylogenetic relatives of strain DCY87T were identified: Phycicoccus ginsenosidimutans BXN5-13T (97.9 %), Phycicoccus soli THG-a14T (97.8 %), Phycicoccus bigeumensis MSL-03T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus cremeus V2M29T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus aerophilus 5516T-20T (97.3 %), Phycicoccus dokdonensis DS-8T (97.3 %) and Phycicoccus jejuensis KSW2-15T (97.1 %). 27565578 0 0 theme distinct 78:85 arg1 microdomains 103:114 distinct plasma membrane microdomains 78:114 distinct plasma membrane microdomains 78:114 The activities of LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) compartmentalize into distinct plasma membrane microdomains. 27565578 3 1 theme PC12 308:311 arg1 cells 333:337 PC12 and N2a neuron-like cells 308:337 PC12 and N2a neuron-like cells 308:337 Herein, we show that in PC12 and N2a neuron-like cells, LRP1 distributes into lipid rafts and non-raft plasma membrane fractions. 27565578 7 2 contain have 999:1002 arg2 effects 1004:1010 effects 1004:1010 effects 1004:1010 Because the reagents used to disrupt lipid rafts may have effects on the composition of the plasma membrane outside lipid rafts, we studied the effects of these reagents on LRP1 activities unrelated to cell-signaling. 27565578 7 2 contain have 999:1002 arg1 reagents 958:965 the reagents 954:965 the reagents used to disrupt lipid rafts 954:993 Because the reagents used to disrupt lipid rafts may have effects on the composition of the plasma membrane outside lipid rafts, we studied the effects of these reagents on LRP1 activities unrelated to cell-signaling. 27565578 6 3 with experiments 882:892 arg1 neurons 918:924 cerebellar granule neurons 899:924 cerebellar granule neurons in primary culture 899:943 The effects of lipid raft disruption on ERK1/2 activation and neurite outgrowth, in response to LRP1 ligands, were reproduced in experiments with cerebellar granule neurons in primary culture. 27565578 4 4 theme tissue-type 557:567 arg1 activator 581:589 tissue-type plasminogen activator 557:589 tissue-type plasminogen activator 557:589 When lipid rafts were disrupted, using methyl-β-cyclodextrin or fumonisin B1, activation of Src family kinases and ERK1/2 by the LRP1 ligands, tissue-type plasminogen activator and activated α2-macroglobulin, was blocked. 27565578 4 4 theme tissue-type 557:567 arg1 ligands 548:554 the LRP1 ligands 539:554 the LRP1 ligands 539:554 When lipid rafts were disrupted, using methyl-β-cyclodextrin or fumonisin B1, activation of Src family kinases and ERK1/2 by the LRP1 ligands, tissue-type plasminogen activator and activated α2-macroglobulin, was blocked. 27565578 6 5 theme granule 910:916 arg1 neurons 918:924 cerebellar granule neurons 899:924 cerebellar granule neurons in primary culture 899:943 The effects of lipid raft disruption on ERK1/2 activation and neurite outgrowth, in response to LRP1 ligands, were reproduced in experiments with cerebellar granule neurons in primary culture. 27565578 4 6 theme Src 506:508 arg1 kinases 517:523 Src family kinases 506:523 Src family kinases 506:523 When lipid rafts were disrupted, using methyl-β-cyclodextrin or fumonisin B1, activation of Src family kinases and ERK1/2 by the LRP1 ligands, tissue-type plasminogen activator and activated α2-macroglobulin, was blocked. 27565578 6 7 theme neurite 815:821 arg1 outgrowth 823:831 neurite outgrowth 815:831 neurite outgrowth 815:831 The effects of lipid raft disruption on ERK1/2 activation and neurite outgrowth, in response to LRP1 ligands, were reproduced in experiments with cerebellar granule neurons in primary culture. 27565578 0 8 theme membrane 94:101 arg1 microdomains 103:114 distinct plasma membrane microdomains 78:114 distinct plasma membrane microdomains 78:114 The activities of LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) compartmentalize into distinct plasma membrane microdomains. 27565578 5 9 theme activated 663:671 arg1 signaling 678:686 activated LRP1 signaling 663:686 activated LRP1 signaling 663:686 Biological consequences of activated LRP1 signaling, including neurite outgrowth and cell growth, also were blocked. 27565578 0 10 theme plasma 87:92 arg1 microdomains 103:114 distinct plasma membrane microdomains 78:114 distinct plasma membrane microdomains 78:114 The activities of LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) compartmentalize into distinct plasma membrane microdomains. 27565578 5 11 theme LRP1 673:676 arg1 signaling 678:686 activated LRP1 signaling 663:686 activated LRP1 signaling 663:686 Biological consequences of activated LRP1 signaling, including neurite outgrowth and cell growth, also were blocked. 27565578 7 12 theme LRP1 1119:1122 arg1 activities 1124:1133 LRP1 activities 1119:1133 LRP1 activities unrelated to cell-signaling 1119:1161 Because the reagents used to disrupt lipid rafts may have effects on the composition of the plasma membrane outside lipid rafts, we studied the effects of these reagents on LRP1 activities unrelated to cell-signaling. 27565578 8 13 theme endocytic 1289:1297 arg1 activity 1299:1306 its endocytic activity 1285:1306 its endocytic activity 1285:1306 Lipid raft disruption did not affect the total ligand binding capacity of LRP1, the affinity of LRP1 for its ligands, or its endocytic activity. 27565578 4 14 theme plasminogen 569:579 arg1 activator 581:589 tissue-type plasminogen activator 557:589 tissue-type plasminogen activator 557:589 When lipid rafts were disrupted, using methyl-β-cyclodextrin or fumonisin B1, activation of Src family kinases and ERK1/2 by the LRP1 ligands, tissue-type plasminogen activator and activated α2-macroglobulin, was blocked. 27565578 4 14 theme plasminogen 569:579 arg1 ligands 548:554 the LRP1 ligands 539:554 the LRP1 ligands 539:554 When lipid rafts were disrupted, using methyl-β-cyclodextrin or fumonisin B1, activation of Src family kinases and ERK1/2 by the LRP1 ligands, tissue-type plasminogen activator and activated α2-macroglobulin, was blocked. 27565578 8 15 theme LRP1 1260:1263 arg1 capacity 1226:1233 the total ligand binding capacity 1201:1233 the total ligand binding capacity of LRP1 1201:1241 Lipid raft disruption did not affect the total ligand binding capacity of LRP1, the affinity of LRP1 for its ligands, or its endocytic activity. 27565578 8 15 theme LRP1 1260:1263 arg1 activity 1299:1306 its endocytic activity 1285:1306 its endocytic activity 1285:1306 Lipid raft disruption did not affect the total ligand binding capacity of LRP1, the affinity of LRP1 for its ligands, or its endocytic activity. 27565578 8 15 theme LRP1 1260:1263 arg1 affinity 1248:1255 the affinity 1244:1255 the affinity of LRP1 for its ligands 1244:1279 Lipid raft disruption did not affect the total ligand binding capacity of LRP1, the affinity of LRP1 for its ligands, or its endocytic activity. 27565578 6 16 theme ERK1/2 793:798 arg1 activation 800:809 ERK1/2 activation 793:809 ERK1/2 activation 793:809 The effects of lipid raft disruption on ERK1/2 activation and neurite outgrowth, in response to LRP1 ligands, were reproduced in experiments with cerebellar granule neurons in primary culture. 27565578 1 17 theme endocytic 161:169 arg1 Protein-1 138:146 LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 117:146 LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) 117:153 LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) is an endocytic receptor for diverse ligands. 27565578 1 17 theme endocytic 161:169 arg1 receptor 171:178 an endocytic receptor 158:178 an endocytic receptor for diverse ligands 158:198 LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) is an endocytic receptor for diverse ligands. 27565578 0 18 theme Protein-1 39:47 arg1 activities 4:13 The activities 0:13 The activities of LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) 0:54 The activities of LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) compartmentalize into distinct plasma membrane microdomains. 27565578 8 19 theme Lipid 1164:1168 arg1 disruption 1175:1184 Lipid raft disruption 1164:1184 Lipid raft disruption 1164:1184 Lipid raft disruption did not affect the total ligand binding capacity of LRP1, the affinity of LRP1 for its ligands, or its endocytic activity. 27565578 8 20 theme ligand 1211:1216 arg1 capacity 1226:1233 the total ligand binding capacity 1201:1233 the total ligand binding capacity of LRP1 1201:1241 Lipid raft disruption did not affect the total ligand binding capacity of LRP1, the affinity of LRP1 for its ligands, or its endocytic activity. 27565578 8 21 theme raft 1170:1173 arg1 disruption 1175:1184 Lipid raft disruption 1164:1184 Lipid raft disruption 1164:1184 Lipid raft disruption did not affect the total ligand binding capacity of LRP1, the affinity of LRP1 for its ligands, or its endocytic activity. 27565578 4 22 theme fumonisin 478:486 arg1 B1 488:489 fumonisin B1 478:489 fumonisin B1 478:489 When lipid rafts were disrupted, using methyl-β-cyclodextrin or fumonisin B1, activation of Src family kinases and ERK1/2 by the LRP1 ligands, tissue-type plasminogen activator and activated α2-macroglobulin, was blocked. 27565578 6 23 theme disruption 779:788 arg1 effects 757:763 The effects 753:763 The effects of lipid raft disruption on ERK1/2 activation and neurite outgrowth 753:831 The effects of lipid raft disruption on ERK1/2 activation and neurite outgrowth, in response to LRP1 ligands, were reproduced in experiments with cerebellar granule neurons in primary culture. 27565578 9 24 theme distinct 1415:1422 arg1 microdomains 1440:1451 distinct plasma membrane microdomains 1415:1451 distinct plasma membrane microdomains 1415:1451 These results demonstrate that well described activities of LRP1 require localization of this receptor to distinct plasma membrane microdomains. 27565578 6 25 theme cerebellar 899:908 arg1 neurons 918:924 cerebellar granule neurons 899:924 cerebellar granule neurons in primary culture 899:943 The effects of lipid raft disruption on ERK1/2 activation and neurite outgrowth, in response to LRP1 ligands, were reproduced in experiments with cerebellar granule neurons in primary culture. 27565578 5 26 theme Biological 636:645 arg1 outgrowth 707:715 neurite outgrowth 699:715 neurite outgrowth 699:715 Biological consequences of activated LRP1 signaling, including neurite outgrowth and cell growth, also were blocked. 27565578 5 26 theme Biological 636:645 arg1 consequences 647:658 Biological consequences 636:658 Biological consequences 636:658 Biological consequences of activated LRP1 signaling, including neurite outgrowth and cell growth, also were blocked. 27565578 5 26 theme Biological 636:645 arg1 growth 726:731 cell growth 721:731 cell growth 721:731 Biological consequences of activated LRP1 signaling, including neurite outgrowth and cell growth, also were blocked. 27565578 6 27 theme raft 774:777 arg1 disruption 779:788 lipid raft disruption 768:788 lipid raft disruption 768:788 The effects of lipid raft disruption on ERK1/2 activation and neurite outgrowth, in response to LRP1 ligands, were reproduced in experiments with cerebellar granule neurons in primary culture. 27565578 1 28 theme diverse 184:190 arg1 ligands 192:198 diverse ligands 184:198 diverse ligands 184:198 LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) is an endocytic receptor for diverse ligands. 27565578 7 29 theme unrelated 1135:1143 arg1 activities 1124:1133 LRP1 activities 1119:1133 LRP1 activities unrelated to cell-signaling 1119:1161 Because the reagents used to disrupt lipid rafts may have effects on the composition of the plasma membrane outside lipid rafts, we studied the effects of these reagents on LRP1 activities unrelated to cell-signaling. 27565578 6 30 theme lipid 768:772 arg1 disruption 779:788 lipid raft disruption 768:788 lipid raft disruption 768:788 The effects of lipid raft disruption on ERK1/2 activation and neurite outgrowth, in response to LRP1 ligands, were reproduced in experiments with cerebellar granule neurons in primary culture. 27565578 9 31 theme membrane 1431:1438 arg1 microdomains 1440:1451 distinct plasma membrane microdomains 1415:1451 distinct plasma membrane microdomains 1415:1451 These results demonstrate that well described activities of LRP1 require localization of this receptor to distinct plasma membrane microdomains. 27565578 3 32 theme lipid 362:366 arg1 rafts 368:372 lipid rafts 362:372 lipid rafts 362:372 Herein, we show that in PC12 and N2a neuron-like cells, LRP1 distributes into lipid rafts and non-raft plasma membrane fractions. 27565578 7 33 theme plasma 1038:1043 arg1 membrane 1045:1052 the plasma membrane 1034:1052 the plasma membrane 1034:1052 Because the reagents used to disrupt lipid rafts may have effects on the composition of the plasma membrane outside lipid rafts, we studied the effects of these reagents on LRP1 activities unrelated to cell-signaling. 27565578 7 34 theme lipid 1062:1066 arg1 rafts 1068:1072 lipid rafts 1062:1072 lipid rafts 1062:1072 Because the reagents used to disrupt lipid rafts may have effects on the composition of the plasma membrane outside lipid rafts, we studied the effects of these reagents on LRP1 activities unrelated to cell-signaling. 27565578 8 35 theme LRP1 1238:1241 arg1 capacity 1226:1233 the total ligand binding capacity 1201:1233 the total ligand binding capacity of LRP1 1201:1241 Lipid raft disruption did not affect the total ligand binding capacity of LRP1, the affinity of LRP1 for its ligands, or its endocytic activity. 27565578 8 35 theme LRP1 1238:1241 arg1 activity 1299:1306 its endocytic activity 1285:1306 its endocytic activity 1285:1306 Lipid raft disruption did not affect the total ligand binding capacity of LRP1, the affinity of LRP1 for its ligands, or its endocytic activity. 27565578 8 35 theme LRP1 1238:1241 arg1 affinity 1248:1255 the affinity 1244:1255 the affinity of LRP1 for its ligands 1244:1279 Lipid raft disruption did not affect the total ligand binding capacity of LRP1, the affinity of LRP1 for its ligands, or its endocytic activity. 27565578 3 36 theme membrane 394:401 arg1 fractions 403:411 non-raft plasma membrane fractions 378:411 non-raft plasma membrane fractions 378:411 Herein, we show that in PC12 and N2a neuron-like cells, LRP1 distributes into lipid rafts and non-raft plasma membrane fractions. 27565578 4 37 theme LRP1 543:546 arg1 activator 581:589 tissue-type plasminogen activator 557:589 tissue-type plasminogen activator 557:589 When lipid rafts were disrupted, using methyl-β-cyclodextrin or fumonisin B1, activation of Src family kinases and ERK1/2 by the LRP1 ligands, tissue-type plasminogen activator and activated α2-macroglobulin, was blocked. 27565578 4 37 theme LRP1 543:546 arg1 α2-macroglobulin 605:620 activated α2-macroglobulin 595:620 activated α2-macroglobulin 595:620 When lipid rafts were disrupted, using methyl-β-cyclodextrin or fumonisin B1, activation of Src family kinases and ERK1/2 by the LRP1 ligands, tissue-type plasminogen activator and activated α2-macroglobulin, was blocked. 27565578 4 37 theme LRP1 543:546 arg1 ligands 548:554 the LRP1 ligands 539:554 the LRP1 ligands 539:554 When lipid rafts were disrupted, using methyl-β-cyclodextrin or fumonisin B1, activation of Src family kinases and ERK1/2 by the LRP1 ligands, tissue-type plasminogen activator and activated α2-macroglobulin, was blocked. 27565578 5 38 theme cell 721:724 arg1 growth 726:731 cell growth 721:731 cell growth 721:731 Biological consequences of activated LRP1 signaling, including neurite outgrowth and cell growth, also were blocked. 27565578 9 39 theme plasma 1424:1429 arg1 microdomains 1440:1451 distinct plasma membrane microdomains 1415:1451 distinct plasma membrane microdomains 1415:1451 These results demonstrate that well described activities of LRP1 require localization of this receptor to distinct plasma membrane microdomains. 27565578 7 40 theme reagents 1107:1114 arg1 effects 1090:1096 the effects 1086:1096 the effects of these reagents on LRP1 activities unrelated to cell-signaling 1086:1161 Because the reagents used to disrupt lipid rafts may have effects on the composition of the plasma membrane outside lipid rafts, we studied the effects of these reagents on LRP1 activities unrelated to cell-signaling. 27565578 0 41 theme Receptor-related 22:37 arg1 Protein-1 39:47 LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 18:47 LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) 18:54 The activities of LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) compartmentalize into distinct plasma membrane microdomains. 27565578 0 41 theme Receptor-related 22:37 arg1 LRP1 50:53 LRP1 50:53 LRP1 50:53 The activities of LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) compartmentalize into distinct plasma membrane microdomains. 27565578 4 42 theme kinases 517:523 arg1 activation 492:501 activation 492:501 activation of Src family kinases 492:523 When lipid rafts were disrupted, using methyl-β-cyclodextrin or fumonisin B1, activation of Src family kinases and ERK1/2 by the LRP1 ligands, tissue-type plasminogen activator and activated α2-macroglobulin, was blocked. 27565578 4 42 theme kinases 517:523 arg1 ERK1/2 529:534 ERK1/2 529:534 ERK1/2 529:534 When lipid rafts were disrupted, using methyl-β-cyclodextrin or fumonisin B1, activation of Src family kinases and ERK1/2 by the LRP1 ligands, tissue-type plasminogen activator and activated α2-macroglobulin, was blocked. 27565578 7 43 theme membrane 1045:1052 arg1 composition 1019:1029 the composition 1015:1029 the composition of the plasma membrane outside lipid rafts 1015:1072 Because the reagents used to disrupt lipid rafts may have effects on the composition of the plasma membrane outside lipid rafts, we studied the effects of these reagents on LRP1 activities unrelated to cell-signaling. 27565578 6 44 theme LRP1 849:852 arg1 ligands 854:860 LRP1 ligands 849:860 LRP1 ligands 849:860 The effects of lipid raft disruption on ERK1/2 activation and neurite outgrowth, in response to LRP1 ligands, were reproduced in experiments with cerebellar granule neurons in primary culture. 27565578 3 45 theme non-raft 378:385 arg1 fractions 403:411 non-raft plasma membrane fractions 378:411 non-raft plasma membrane fractions 378:411 Herein, we show that in PC12 and N2a neuron-like cells, LRP1 distributes into lipid rafts and non-raft plasma membrane fractions. 27565578 4 46 theme family 510:515 arg1 kinases 517:523 Src family kinases 506:523 Src family kinases 506:523 When lipid rafts were disrupted, using methyl-β-cyclodextrin or fumonisin B1, activation of Src family kinases and ERK1/2 by the LRP1 ligands, tissue-type plasminogen activator and activated α2-macroglobulin, was blocked. 27565578 5 47 theme signaling 678:686 arg1 outgrowth 707:715 neurite outgrowth 699:715 neurite outgrowth 699:715 Biological consequences of activated LRP1 signaling, including neurite outgrowth and cell growth, also were blocked. 27565578 5 47 theme signaling 678:686 arg1 consequences 647:658 Biological consequences 636:658 Biological consequences 636:658 Biological consequences of activated LRP1 signaling, including neurite outgrowth and cell growth, also were blocked. 27565578 5 47 theme signaling 678:686 arg1 growth 726:731 cell growth 721:731 cell growth 721:731 Biological consequences of activated LRP1 signaling, including neurite outgrowth and cell growth, also were blocked. 27565578 2 48 theme neuron-like 216:226 arg1 cells 228:232 neuron-like cells 216:232 neuron-like cells 216:232 In neurons and neuron-like cells, ligand-binding to LRP1 initiates cell-signaling. 27565578 9 49 theme receptor 1403:1410 arg1 localization 1382:1393 localization 1382:1393 localization of this receptor to distinct plasma membrane microdomains 1382:1451 These results demonstrate that well described activities of LRP1 require localization of this receptor to distinct plasma membrane microdomains. 27565578 1 50 theme LDL 117:119 arg1 Protein-1 138:146 LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 117:146 LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) 117:153 LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) is an endocytic receptor for diverse ligands. 27565578 1 50 theme LDL 117:119 arg1 receptor 171:178 an endocytic receptor 158:178 an endocytic receptor for diverse ligands 158:198 LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) is an endocytic receptor for diverse ligands. 27565578 1 50 theme LDL 117:119 arg1 LRP1 149:152 LRP1 149:152 LRP1 149:152 LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) is an endocytic receptor for diverse ligands. 27565578 3 51 theme plasma 387:392 arg1 fractions 403:411 non-raft plasma membrane fractions 378:411 non-raft plasma membrane fractions 378:411 Herein, we show that in PC12 and N2a neuron-like cells, LRP1 distributes into lipid rafts and non-raft plasma membrane fractions. 27565578 6 52 theme primary 929:935 arg1 culture 937:943 primary culture 929:943 primary culture 929:943 The effects of lipid raft disruption on ERK1/2 activation and neurite outgrowth, in response to LRP1 ligands, were reproduced in experiments with cerebellar granule neurons in primary culture. 27565578 1 53 theme Receptor-related 121:136 arg1 Protein-1 138:146 LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 117:146 LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) 117:153 LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) is an endocytic receptor for diverse ligands. 27565578 1 53 theme Receptor-related 121:136 arg1 receptor 171:178 an endocytic receptor 158:178 an endocytic receptor for diverse ligands 158:198 LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) is an endocytic receptor for diverse ligands. 27565578 1 53 theme Receptor-related 121:136 arg1 LRP1 149:152 LRP1 149:152 LRP1 149:152 LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) is an endocytic receptor for diverse ligands. 27565578 6 54 dep ligands 854:860 arg1 response 837:844 response 837:844 response 837:844 The effects of lipid raft disruption on ERK1/2 activation and neurite outgrowth, in response to LRP1 ligands, were reproduced in experiments with cerebellar granule neurons in primary culture. 27565578 9 55 theme described 1345:1353 arg1 activities 1355:1364 well described activities 1340:1364 well described activities of LRP1 1340:1372 These results demonstrate that well described activities of LRP1 require localization of this receptor to distinct plasma membrane microdomains. 27565578 4 56 theme activated 595:603 arg1 α2-macroglobulin 605:620 activated α2-macroglobulin 595:620 activated α2-macroglobulin 595:620 When lipid rafts were disrupted, using methyl-β-cyclodextrin or fumonisin B1, activation of Src family kinases and ERK1/2 by the LRP1 ligands, tissue-type plasminogen activator and activated α2-macroglobulin, was blocked. 27565578 4 56 theme activated 595:603 arg1 ligands 548:554 the LRP1 ligands 539:554 the LRP1 ligands 539:554 When lipid rafts were disrupted, using methyl-β-cyclodextrin or fumonisin B1, activation of Src family kinases and ERK1/2 by the LRP1 ligands, tissue-type plasminogen activator and activated α2-macroglobulin, was blocked. 27565578 5 57 theme neurite 699:705 arg1 outgrowth 707:715 neurite outgrowth 699:715 neurite outgrowth 699:715 Biological consequences of activated LRP1 signaling, including neurite outgrowth and cell growth, also were blocked. 27565578 7 58 theme lipid 983:987 arg1 rafts 989:993 lipid rafts 983:993 lipid rafts 983:993 Because the reagents used to disrupt lipid rafts may have effects on the composition of the plasma membrane outside lipid rafts, we studied the effects of these reagents on LRP1 activities unrelated to cell-signaling. 27565578 6 59 from effects 757:763 arg1 activation 800:809 ERK1/2 activation 793:809 ERK1/2 activation 793:809 The effects of lipid raft disruption on ERK1/2 activation and neurite outgrowth, in response to LRP1 ligands, were reproduced in experiments with cerebellar granule neurons in primary culture. 27565578 6 59 from effects 757:763 arg1 outgrowth 823:831 neurite outgrowth 815:831 neurite outgrowth 815:831 The effects of lipid raft disruption on ERK1/2 activation and neurite outgrowth, in response to LRP1 ligands, were reproduced in experiments with cerebellar granule neurons in primary culture. 27565578 8 60 theme total 1205:1209 arg1 capacity 1226:1233 the total ligand binding capacity 1201:1233 the total ligand binding capacity of LRP1 1201:1241 Lipid raft disruption did not affect the total ligand binding capacity of LRP1, the affinity of LRP1 for its ligands, or its endocytic activity. 27565578 3 61 theme N2a 317:319 arg1 cells 333:337 PC12 and N2a neuron-like cells 308:337 PC12 and N2a neuron-like cells 308:337 Herein, we show that in PC12 and N2a neuron-like cells, LRP1 distributes into lipid rafts and non-raft plasma membrane fractions. 27565578 4 62 theme lipid 419:423 arg1 rafts 425:429 lipid rafts 419:429 lipid rafts 419:429 When lipid rafts were disrupted, using methyl-β-cyclodextrin or fumonisin B1, activation of Src family kinases and ERK1/2 by the LRP1 ligands, tissue-type plasminogen activator and activated α2-macroglobulin, was blocked. 27565578 3 63 theme neuron-like 321:331 arg1 cells 333:337 PC12 and N2a neuron-like cells 308:337 PC12 and N2a neuron-like cells 308:337 Herein, we show that in PC12 and N2a neuron-like cells, LRP1 distributes into lipid rafts and non-raft plasma membrane fractions. 27565578 9 64 theme LRP1 1369:1372 arg1 activities 1355:1364 well described activities 1340:1364 well described activities of LRP1 1340:1372 These results demonstrate that well described activities of LRP1 require localization of this receptor to distinct plasma membrane microdomains. 27565578 8 65 theme binding 1218:1224 arg1 capacity 1226:1233 the total ligand binding capacity 1201:1233 the total ligand binding capacity of LRP1 1201:1241 Lipid raft disruption did not affect the total ligand binding capacity of LRP1, the affinity of LRP1 for its ligands, or its endocytic activity. 27565578 6 66 from neurons 918:924 arg1 culture 937:943 primary culture 929:943 primary culture 929:943 The effects of lipid raft disruption on ERK1/2 activation and neurite outgrowth, in response to LRP1 ligands, were reproduced in experiments with cerebellar granule neurons in primary culture. 27565578 7 67 from effects 1090:1096 arg1 activities 1124:1133 LRP1 activities 1119:1133 LRP1 activities unrelated to cell-signaling 1119:1161 Because the reagents used to disrupt lipid rafts may have effects on the composition of the plasma membrane outside lipid rafts, we studied the effects of these reagents on LRP1 activities unrelated to cell-signaling. 27381178 7 0 dep Strains 918:924 arg1 6DM 935:937 6DM 935:937 6DM 935:937 Strains 9DMT and 6DM were facultative anaerobes with optimal growth at 37 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 27381178 7 0 dep Strains 918:924 arg1 9DMT 926:929 9DMT 926:929 9DMT 926:929 Strains 9DMT and 6DM were facultative anaerobes with optimal growth at 37 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 27381178 7 0 dep Strains 918:924 arg1 Strains 918:924 Strains 9DMT and 6DM 918:937 Strains 9DMT and 6DM 918:937 Strains 9DMT and 6DM were facultative anaerobes with optimal growth at 37 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 27381178 2 1 theme novel 98:102 arg1 strains 197:203 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains 94:203 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains 94:203 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains, 9DMT and 6DM, were isolated from Tuticorn, India. 27381178 2 1 theme novel 98:102 arg1 6DM 215:217 6DM 215:217 6DM 215:217 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains, 9DMT and 6DM, were isolated from Tuticorn, India. 27381178 2 1 theme novel 98:102 arg1 9DMT 206:209 9DMT 206:209 9DMT 206:209 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains, 9DMT and 6DM, were isolated from Tuticorn, India. 27381178 7 2 theme optimal 971:977 arg1 growth 979:984 optimal growth 971:984 optimal growth 971:984 Strains 9DMT and 6DM were facultative anaerobes with optimal growth at 37 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 27381178 6 3 theme relatedness 779:789 arg1 % 901:901 only 40.9 + 0.8 and 39.8 + 0.9 % 870:901 only 40.9 + 0.8 and 39.8 + 0.9 % 870:901 However, the level of DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T and P. marinus KCTC 3917T was only 40.9 + 0.8 and 39.8 + 0.9 %, respectively. 27381178 6 3 theme relatedness 779:789 arg1 level 762:766 the level 758:766 the level of DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T and P. marinus KCTC 3917T 758:864 However, the level of DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T and P. marinus KCTC 3917T was only 40.9 + 0.8 and 39.8 + 0.9 %, respectively. 27381178 12 4 theme Pontibacillus 1572:1584 arg1 member 1552:1557 a novel member 1544:1557 a novel member of the genus Pontibacillus, for which the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp 1544:1633 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strains 9DMT and 6DM, which are considered to represent a novel member of the genus Pontibacillus, for which the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp. 27381178 4 5 theme chungwhensis 589:600 arg1 strains 564:570 the type strains 555:570 the type strains of Pontibacillus chungwhensis (99.7 % sequence similarity) and Pontibacillus marinus (97.9 %) 555:664 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis these strains were identified as belonging to the genus Pontibacillus and were related most closely to the type strains of Pontibacillus chungwhensis (99.7 % sequence similarity) and Pontibacillus marinus (97.9 %). 27381178 6 6 theme P. 813:814 arg1 KCTC 829:832 P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T 813:838 P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T 813:838 However, the level of DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T and P. marinus KCTC 3917T was only 40.9 + 0.8 and 39.8 + 0.9 %, respectively. 27381178 4 7 theme 99.7  603:607 arg1 % 608:608 % 608:608 % 608:608 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis these strains were identified as belonging to the genus Pontibacillus and were related most closely to the type strains of Pontibacillus chungwhensis (99.7 % sequence similarity) and Pontibacillus marinus (97.9 %). 27381178 14 8 theme 33742T=LMG 1686:1695 arg1 9DMT 1673:1676 9DMT 1673:1676 9DMT (= KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T) 1673:1719 The type strain is 9DMT (= KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T). 27381178 14 8 theme 33742T=LMG 1686:1695 arg1 1.15353T 1711:1718 = KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T 1679:1718 = KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T 1679:1718 The type strain is 9DMT (= KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T). 27381178 6 9 theme P. 844:845 arg1 3917T 860:864 P. marinus KCTC 3917T 844:864 P. marinus KCTC 3917T 844:864 However, the level of DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T and P. marinus KCTC 3917T was only 40.9 + 0.8 and 39.8 + 0.9 %, respectively. 27381178 8 10 theme strain 1068:1073 arg1 9DMT 1075:1078 strain 9DMT 1068:1078 strain 9DMT 1068:1078 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 9DMT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27381178 5 11 theme mol 729:731 arg1 % 732:732 41.6 and 41.4 mol% 715:732 41.6 and 41.4 mol% 715:732 The DNA G+C content of strains 9DMT and 6DM was 41.6 and 41.4 mol%, respectively. 27381178 5 11 theme mol 729:731 arg1 content 679:685 The DNA G+C content 667:685 The DNA G+C content of strains 9DMT and 6DM 667:709 The DNA G+C content of strains 9DMT and 6DM was 41.6 and 41.4 mol%, respectively. 27381178 6 12 theme chungwhensis 816:827 arg1 KCTC 829:832 P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T 813:838 P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T 813:838 However, the level of DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T and P. marinus KCTC 3917T was only 40.9 + 0.8 and 39.8 + 0.9 %, respectively. 27381178 3 13 theme gene 274:277 arg1 similarity 288:297 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 256:297 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) 256:306 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88±2 %) indicated that strains 9DMT and 6DM were members of a single species. 27381178 3 13 theme gene 274:277 arg1 % 305:305 99.9 % 300:305 99.9 % 300:305 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88±2 %) indicated that strains 9DMT and 6DM were members of a single species. 27381178 3 14 theme 16S 265:267 arg1 similarity 288:297 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 256:297 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) 256:306 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88±2 %) indicated that strains 9DMT and 6DM were members of a single species. 27381178 3 14 theme 16S 265:267 arg1 % 305:305 99.9 % 300:305 99.9 % 300:305 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88±2 %) indicated that strains 9DMT and 6DM were members of a single species. 27381178 6 15 with 3917T 860:864 arg1 KCTC 829:832 P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T 813:838 P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T 813:838 However, the level of DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T and P. marinus KCTC 3917T was only 40.9 + 0.8 and 39.8 + 0.9 %, respectively. 27381178 6 16 dep P. 844:845 arg1 marinus 847:853 marinus 847:853 marinus 847:853 However, the level of DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T and P. marinus KCTC 3917T was only 40.9 + 0.8 and 39.8 + 0.9 %, respectively. 27381178 4 17 theme sequence 610:617 arg1 similarity 619:628 99.7 % sequence similarity 603:628 99.7 % sequence similarity 603:628 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis these strains were identified as belonging to the genus Pontibacillus and were related most closely to the type strains of Pontibacillus chungwhensis (99.7 % sequence similarity) and Pontibacillus marinus (97.9 %). 27381178 4 17 theme sequence 610:617 arg1 chungwhensis 589:600 Pontibacillus chungwhensis 575:600 Pontibacillus chungwhensis (99.7 % sequence similarity) 575:629 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis these strains were identified as belonging to the genus Pontibacillus and were related most closely to the type strains of Pontibacillus chungwhensis (99.7 % sequence similarity) and Pontibacillus marinus (97.9 %). 27381178 5 18 theme DNA 671:673 arg1 % 732:732 41.6 and 41.4 mol% 715:732 41.6 and 41.4 mol% 715:732 The DNA G+C content of strains 9DMT and 6DM was 41.6 and 41.4 mol%, respectively. 27381178 5 18 theme DNA 671:673 arg1 content 679:685 The DNA G+C content 667:685 The DNA G+C content of strains 9DMT and 6DM 667:709 The DNA G+C content of strains 9DMT and 6DM was 41.6 and 41.4 mol%, respectively. 27381178 4 19 theme rRNA 424:427 arg1 analysis 443:450 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 420:450 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 420:450 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis these strains were identified as belonging to the genus Pontibacillus and were related most closely to the type strains of Pontibacillus chungwhensis (99.7 % sequence similarity) and Pontibacillus marinus (97.9 %). 27381178 3 20 theme DNA-DNA 312:318 arg1 % 338:338 88±2 % 333:338 88±2 % 333:338 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88±2 %) indicated that strains 9DMT and 6DM were members of a single species. 27381178 3 20 theme DNA-DNA 312:318 arg1 relatedness 320:330 DNA-DNA relatedness 312:330 DNA-DNA relatedness (88±2 %) 312:339 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88±2 %) indicated that strains 9DMT and 6DM were members of a single species. 27381178 4 21 theme sequence 434:441 arg1 analysis 443:450 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 420:450 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 420:450 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis these strains were identified as belonging to the genus Pontibacillus and were related most closely to the type strains of Pontibacillus chungwhensis (99.7 % sequence similarity) and Pontibacillus marinus (97.9 %). 27381178 7 22 theme % 1023:1023 arg1 NaCl 1031:1034 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl 1019:1034 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl 1019:1034 Strains 9DMT and 6DM were facultative anaerobes with optimal growth at 37 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 27381178 6 23 theme KCTC 855:858 arg1 3917T 860:864 P. marinus KCTC 3917T 844:864 P. marinus KCTC 3917T 844:864 However, the level of DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T and P. marinus KCTC 3917T was only 40.9 + 0.8 and 39.8 + 0.9 %, respectively. 27381178 7 24 from 7.0-8.0 1002:1008 arg1 anaerobes 956:964 facultative anaerobes 944:964 facultative anaerobes 944:964 Strains 9DMT and 6DM were facultative anaerobes with optimal growth at 37 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 27381178 3 25 dep strains 356:362 arg1 strains 356:362 strains 9DMT and 6DM 356:375 strains 9DMT and 6DM 356:375 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88±2 %) indicated that strains 9DMT and 6DM were members of a single species. 27381178 3 25 dep strains 356:362 arg1 6DM 373:375 6DM 373:375 6DM 373:375 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88±2 %) indicated that strains 9DMT and 6DM were members of a single species. 27381178 3 25 dep strains 356:362 arg1 9DMT 364:367 9DMT 364:367 9DMT 364:367 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88±2 %) indicated that strains 9DMT and 6DM were members of a single species. 27381178 11 26 theme Major 1284:1288 arg1 acids 1296:1300 Major fatty acids 1284:1300 Major fatty acids of strain 9DMT 1284:1315 Major fatty acids of strain 9DMT were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27381178 0 27 theme Pontibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 26:27 Pontibacillus salipaludis sp 0:27 Pontibacillus salipaludis sp. 0:28 Pontibacillus salipaludis sp. 27381178 1 28 theme salt 84:87 arg1 pan 89:91 a salt pan 82:91 a salt pan 82:91 nov., a slightly halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt pan. 27381178 3 29 theme single 395:400 arg1 species 402:408 a single species 393:408 a single species 393:408 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88±2 %) indicated that strains 9DMT and 6DM were members of a single species. 27381178 12 30 dep Pontibacillus 1606:1618 arg1 salipaludis 1620:1630 salipaludis 1620:1630 salipaludis 1620:1630 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strains 9DMT and 6DM, which are considered to represent a novel member of the genus Pontibacillus, for which the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp. 27381178 12 31 theme clear 1463:1467 arg1 differentiation 1469:1483 the clear differentiation 1459:1483 the clear differentiation of strains 9DMT and 6DM, which are considered to represent a novel member of the genus Pontibacillus, for which the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp 1459:1633 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strains 9DMT and 6DM, which are considered to represent a novel member of the genus Pontibacillus, for which the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp. 27381178 11 32 theme strain 1305:1310 arg1 9DMT 1312:1315 strain 9DMT 1305:1315 strain 9DMT 1305:1315 Major fatty acids of strain 9DMT were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27381178 5 33 theme strains 690:696 arg1 % 732:732 41.6 and 41.4 mol% 715:732 41.6 and 41.4 mol% 715:732 The DNA G+C content of strains 9DMT and 6DM was 41.6 and 41.4 mol%, respectively. 27381178 5 33 theme strains 690:696 arg1 content 679:685 The DNA G+C content 667:685 The DNA G+C content of strains 9DMT and 6DM 667:709 The DNA G+C content of strains 9DMT and 6DM was 41.6 and 41.4 mol%, respectively. 27381178 6 34 with relatedness 779:789 arg1 KCTC 829:832 P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T 813:838 P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T 813:838 However, the level of DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T and P. marinus KCTC 3917T was only 40.9 + 0.8 and 39.8 + 0.9 %, respectively. 27381178 2 35 dep Gram-stain-positive 104:122 arg1 anerobic 139:146 anerobic 139:146 anerobic 139:146 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains, 9DMT and 6DM, were isolated from Tuticorn, India. 27381178 2 35 dep Gram-stain-positive 104:122 arg1 endospore-forming 169:185 endospore-forming 169:185 endospore-forming 169:185 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains, 9DMT and 6DM, were isolated from Tuticorn, India. 27381178 2 35 dep Gram-stain-positive 104:122 arg1 motile 161:166 motile 161:166 motile 161:166 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains, 9DMT and 6DM, were isolated from Tuticorn, India. 27381178 2 35 dep Gram-stain-positive 104:122 arg1 rod-shaped 149:158 rod-shaped 149:158 rod-shaped 149:158 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains, 9DMT and 6DM, were isolated from Tuticorn, India. 27381178 9 36 theme unknown 1235:1241 arg1 lipids 1243:1248 three unknown lipids 1229:1248 three unknown lipids 1229:1248 Polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, a phospholipid and three unknown lipids. 27381178 2 37 theme bacterial 187:195 arg1 strains 197:203 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains 94:203 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains 94:203 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains, 9DMT and 6DM, were isolated from Tuticorn, India. 27381178 2 37 theme bacterial 187:195 arg1 6DM 215:217 6DM 215:217 6DM 215:217 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains, 9DMT and 6DM, were isolated from Tuticorn, India. 27381178 2 37 theme bacterial 187:195 arg1 9DMT 206:209 9DMT 206:209 9DMT 206:209 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains, 9DMT and 6DM, were isolated from Tuticorn, India. 27381178 12 38 dep strains 1488:1494 arg1 strains 1488:1494 strains 9DMT and 6DM 1488:1507 strains 9DMT and 6DM 1488:1507 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strains 9DMT and 6DM, which are considered to represent a novel member of the genus Pontibacillus, for which the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp. 27381178 12 38 dep strains 1488:1494 arg1 6DM 1505:1507 6DM 1505:1507 6DM 1505:1507 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strains 9DMT and 6DM, which are considered to represent a novel member of the genus Pontibacillus, for which the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp. 27381178 12 38 dep strains 1488:1494 arg1 9DMT 1496:1499 9DMT 1496:1499 9DMT 1496:1499 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strains 9DMT and 6DM, which are considered to represent a novel member of the genus Pontibacillus, for which the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp. 27381178 14 39 theme CGMCC 1705:1709 arg1 9DMT 1673:1676 9DMT 1673:1676 9DMT (= KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T) 1673:1719 The type strain is 9DMT (= KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T). 27381178 14 39 theme CGMCC 1705:1709 arg1 1.15353T 1711:1718 = KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T 1679:1718 = KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T 1679:1718 The type strain is 9DMT (= KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T). 27381178 6 40 theme strains 800:806 arg1 3917T 860:864 P. marinus KCTC 3917T 844:864 P. marinus KCTC 3917T 844:864 However, the level of DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T and P. marinus KCTC 3917T was only 40.9 + 0.8 and 39.8 + 0.9 %, respectively. 27381178 6 40 theme strains 800:806 arg1 relatedness 779:789 DNA-DNA relatedness 771:789 DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T 771:838 However, the level of DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T and P. marinus KCTC 3917T was only 40.9 + 0.8 and 39.8 + 0.9 %, respectively. 27381178 12 41 theme name 1601:1604 arg1 sp 1632:1633 the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp 1597:1633 the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp 1597:1633 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strains 9DMT and 6DM, which are considered to represent a novel member of the genus Pontibacillus, for which the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp. 27381178 7 42 with anaerobes 956:964 arg1 growth 979:984 optimal growth 971:984 optimal growth 971:984 Strains 9DMT and 6DM were facultative anaerobes with optimal growth at 37 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 27381178 7 42 with anaerobes 956:964 arg1 NaCl 1031:1034 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl 1019:1034 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl 1019:1034 Strains 9DMT and 6DM were facultative anaerobes with optimal growth at 37 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 27381178 2 43 theme Gram-stain-positive 104:122 arg1 strains 197:203 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains 94:203 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains 94:203 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains, 9DMT and 6DM, were isolated from Tuticorn, India. 27381178 2 43 theme Gram-stain-positive 104:122 arg1 6DM 215:217 6DM 215:217 6DM 215:217 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains, 9DMT and 6DM, were isolated from Tuticorn, India. 27381178 2 43 theme Gram-stain-positive 104:122 arg1 9DMT 206:209 9DMT 206:209 9DMT 206:209 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains, 9DMT and 6DM, were isolated from Tuticorn, India. 27381178 8 44 contain contained 1080:1088 arg1 peptidoglycan 1051:1063 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1037:1063 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 9DMT 1037:1078 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 9DMT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27381178 8 44 contain contained 1080:1088 arg2 acid 1110:1113 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1090:1113 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1090:1113 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 9DMT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27381178 12 45 theme genus 1566:1570 arg1 Pontibacillus 1572:1584 the genus Pontibacillus 1562:1584 the genus Pontibacillus 1562:1584 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strains 9DMT and 6DM, which are considered to represent a novel member of the genus Pontibacillus, for which the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp. 27381178 4 46 theme genus 502:506 arg1 Pontibacillus 508:520 the genus Pontibacillus 498:520 the genus Pontibacillus 498:520 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis these strains were identified as belonging to the genus Pontibacillus and were related most closely to the type strains of Pontibacillus chungwhensis (99.7 % sequence similarity) and Pontibacillus marinus (97.9 %). 27381178 7 47 theme facultative 944:954 arg1 anaerobes 956:964 facultative anaerobes 944:964 facultative anaerobes 944:964 Strains 9DMT and 6DM were facultative anaerobes with optimal growth at 37 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 27381178 6 48 theme DNA-DNA 771:777 arg1 relatedness 779:789 DNA-DNA relatedness 771:789 DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T 771:838 However, the level of DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T and P. marinus KCTC 3917T was only 40.9 + 0.8 and 39.8 + 0.9 %, respectively. 27381178 12 49 theme novel 1546:1550 arg1 member 1552:1557 a novel member 1544:1557 a novel member of the genus Pontibacillus, for which the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp 1544:1633 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strains 9DMT and 6DM, which are considered to represent a novel member of the genus Pontibacillus, for which the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp. 27381178 14 50 theme 29102T= 1697:1703 arg1 9DMT 1673:1676 9DMT 1673:1676 9DMT (= KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T) 1673:1719 The type strain is 9DMT (= KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T). 27381178 14 50 theme 29102T= 1697:1703 arg1 1.15353T 1711:1718 = KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T 1679:1718 = KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T 1679:1718 The type strain is 9DMT (= KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T). 27381178 12 51 theme chemotaxonomic 1414:1427 arg1 tests 1445:1449 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1400:1449 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1400:1449 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strains 9DMT and 6DM, which are considered to represent a novel member of the genus Pontibacillus, for which the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp. 27381178 5 52 dep strains 690:696 arg1 9DMT 698:701 9DMT 698:701 9DMT 698:701 The DNA G+C content of strains 9DMT and 6DM was 41.6 and 41.4 mol%, respectively. 27381178 5 52 dep strains 690:696 arg1 strains 690:696 strains 9DMT and 6DM 690:709 strains 9DMT and 6DM 690:709 The DNA G+C content of strains 9DMT and 6DM was 41.6 and 41.4 mol%, respectively. 27381178 5 52 dep strains 690:696 arg1 6DM 707:709 6DM 707:709 6DM 707:709 The DNA G+C content of strains 9DMT and 6DM was 41.6 and 41.4 mol%, respectively. 27381178 8 53 theme cell-wall 1041:1049 arg1 peptidoglycan 1051:1063 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1037:1063 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 9DMT 1037:1078 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 9DMT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27381178 10 54 theme isoprenoid 1255:1264 arg1 quinone 1266:1272 The isoprenoid quinone 1251:1272 The isoprenoid quinone 1251:1272 The isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 27381178 10 54 theme isoprenoid 1255:1264 arg1 MK-7 1278:1281 MK-7 1278:1281 MK-7 1278:1281 The isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 27381178 14 55 theme KCTC 1681:1684 arg1 9DMT 1673:1676 9DMT 1673:1676 9DMT (= KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T) 1673:1719 The type strain is 9DMT (= KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T). 27381178 14 55 theme KCTC 1681:1684 arg1 1.15353T 1711:1718 = KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T 1679:1718 = KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T 1679:1718 The type strain is 9DMT (= KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T). 27381178 12 56 theme biochemical 1433:1443 arg1 tests 1445:1449 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1400:1449 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1400:1449 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strains 9DMT and 6DM, which are considered to represent a novel member of the genus Pontibacillus, for which the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp. 27381178 3 57 theme high 260:263 arg1 similarity 288:297 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 256:297 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) 256:306 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88±2 %) indicated that strains 9DMT and 6DM were members of a single species. 27381178 3 57 theme high 260:263 arg1 % 305:305 99.9 % 300:305 99.9 % 300:305 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88±2 %) indicated that strains 9DMT and 6DM were members of a single species. 27381178 8 58 theme 9DMT 1075:1078 arg1 peptidoglycan 1051:1063 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1037:1063 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 9DMT 1037:1078 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 9DMT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27381178 7 59 from °C 992:993 arg1 anaerobes 956:964 facultative anaerobes 944:964 facultative anaerobes 944:964 Strains 9DMT and 6DM were facultative anaerobes with optimal growth at 37 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 27381178 12 60 theme phylogenetic 1400:1411 arg1 tests 1445:1449 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1400:1449 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1400:1449 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strains 9DMT and 6DM, which are considered to represent a novel member of the genus Pontibacillus, for which the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp. 27381178 3 61 theme sequence 279:286 arg1 similarity 288:297 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 256:297 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) 256:306 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88±2 %) indicated that strains 9DMT and 6DM were members of a single species. 27381178 3 61 theme sequence 279:286 arg1 % 305:305 99.9 % 300:305 99.9 % 300:305 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88±2 %) indicated that strains 9DMT and 6DM were members of a single species. 27381178 8 62 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1090:1108 arg1 acid 1110:1113 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1090:1113 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1090:1113 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 9DMT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27381178 14 63 theme type 1658:1661 arg1 9DMT 1673:1676 9DMT 1673:1676 9DMT (= KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T) 1673:1719 The type strain is 9DMT (= KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T). 27381178 14 63 theme type 1658:1661 arg1 strain 1663:1668 The type strain 1654:1668 The type strain 1654:1668 The type strain is 9DMT (= KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T). 27381178 3 64 theme rRNA 269:272 arg1 similarity 288:297 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 256:297 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) 256:306 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88±2 %) indicated that strains 9DMT and 6DM were members of a single species. 27381178 3 64 theme rRNA 269:272 arg1 % 305:305 99.9 % 300:305 99.9 % 300:305 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88±2 %) indicated that strains 9DMT and 6DM were members of a single species. 27381178 4 65 theme marinus 649:655 arg1 strains 564:570 the type strains 555:570 the type strains of Pontibacillus chungwhensis (99.7 % sequence similarity) and Pontibacillus marinus (97.9 %) 555:664 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis these strains were identified as belonging to the genus Pontibacillus and were related most closely to the type strains of Pontibacillus chungwhensis (99.7 % sequence similarity) and Pontibacillus marinus (97.9 %). 27381178 4 66 theme type 559:562 arg1 strains 564:570 the type strains 555:570 the type strains of Pontibacillus chungwhensis (99.7 % sequence similarity) and Pontibacillus marinus (97.9 %) 555:664 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis these strains were identified as belonging to the genus Pontibacillus and were related most closely to the type strains of Pontibacillus chungwhensis (99.7 % sequence similarity) and Pontibacillus marinus (97.9 %). 27381178 2 67 attach isolated 225:232 arg2 9DMT 206:209 9DMT 206:209 9DMT 206:209 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains, 9DMT and 6DM, were isolated from Tuticorn, India. 27381178 2 67 attach isolated 225:232 arg2 strains 197:203 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains 94:203 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains 94:203 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains, 9DMT and 6DM, were isolated from Tuticorn, India. 27381178 2 67 attach isolated 225:232 arg1 India 249:253 India 249:253 India 249:253 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains, 9DMT and 6DM, were isolated from Tuticorn, India. 27381178 2 67 attach isolated 225:232 arg2 6DM 215:217 6DM 215:217 6DM 215:217 Two novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterial strains, 9DMT and 6DM, were isolated from Tuticorn, India. 27381178 4 68 theme gene 429:432 arg1 analysis 443:450 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 420:450 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 420:450 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis these strains were identified as belonging to the genus Pontibacillus and were related most closely to the type strains of Pontibacillus chungwhensis (99.7 % sequence similarity) and Pontibacillus marinus (97.9 %). 27381178 4 69 theme % 608:608 arg1 similarity 619:628 99.7 % sequence similarity 603:628 99.7 % sequence similarity 603:628 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis these strains were identified as belonging to the genus Pontibacillus and were related most closely to the type strains of Pontibacillus chungwhensis (99.7 % sequence similarity) and Pontibacillus marinus (97.9 %). 27381178 4 69 theme % 608:608 arg1 chungwhensis 589:600 Pontibacillus chungwhensis 575:600 Pontibacillus chungwhensis (99.7 % sequence similarity) 575:629 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis these strains were identified as belonging to the genus Pontibacillus and were related most closely to the type strains of Pontibacillus chungwhensis (99.7 % sequence similarity) and Pontibacillus marinus (97.9 %). 27381178 5 70 theme G+C 675:677 arg1 % 732:732 41.6 and 41.4 mol% 715:732 41.6 and 41.4 mol% 715:732 The DNA G+C content of strains 9DMT and 6DM was 41.6 and 41.4 mol%, respectively. 27381178 5 70 theme G+C 675:677 arg1 content 679:685 The DNA G+C content 667:685 The DNA G+C content of strains 9DMT and 6DM 667:709 The DNA G+C content of strains 9DMT and 6DM was 41.6 and 41.4 mol%, respectively. 27381178 11 71 dep anteiso-C15  1322:1333 arg1  0 1361:1362  0 1361:1362  0 1361:1362 Major fatty acids of strain 9DMT were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27381178 11 71 dep anteiso-C15  1322:1333 arg1  0 1335:1336  0 1335:1336  0 1335:1336 Major fatty acids of strain 9DMT were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27381178 11 71 dep anteiso-C15  1322:1333 arg1  0 1381:1382  0 1381:1382  0 1381:1382 Major fatty acids of strain 9DMT were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27381178 11 71 dep anteiso-C15  1322:1333 arg1 anteiso-C17  1368:1379 anteiso-C17  1368:1379 anteiso-C17  1368:1379 Major fatty acids of strain 9DMT were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27381178 11 71 dep anteiso-C15  1322:1333 arg1  0 1348:1349  0 1348:1349  0 1348:1349 Major fatty acids of strain 9DMT were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27381178 7 72 theme 2-3 1019:1021 arg1 % 1023:1023 % 1023:1023 % 1023:1023 Strains 9DMT and 6DM were facultative anaerobes with optimal growth at 37 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 27381178 9 73 theme Polar 1116:1120 arg1 lipids 1122:1127 Polar lipids 1116:1127 Polar lipids 1116:1127 Polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, a phospholipid and three unknown lipids. 27381178 1 74 theme halophilic 47:56 arg1 bacterium 58:66 a slightly halophilic bacterium 36:66 a slightly halophilic bacterium 36:66 nov., a slightly halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt pan. 27381178 1 74 theme halophilic 47:56 arg1 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov., a slightly halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt pan. 27381178 6 75 theme 3917T 860:864 arg1 % 901:901 only 40.9 + 0.8 and 39.8 + 0.9 % 870:901 only 40.9 + 0.8 and 39.8 + 0.9 % 870:901 However, the level of DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T and P. marinus KCTC 3917T was only 40.9 + 0.8 and 39.8 + 0.9 %, respectively. 27381178 6 75 theme 3917T 860:864 arg1 level 762:766 the level 758:766 the level of DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T and P. marinus KCTC 3917T 758:864 However, the level of DNA-DNA relatedness of these strains with P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890T and P. marinus KCTC 3917T was only 40.9 + 0.8 and 39.8 + 0.9 %, respectively. 27381178 11 76 theme fatty 1290:1294 arg1 acids 1296:1300 Major fatty acids 1284:1300 Major fatty acids of strain 9DMT 1284:1315 Major fatty acids of strain 9DMT were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27381178 14 77 theme = 1679:1679 arg1 9DMT 1673:1676 9DMT 1673:1676 9DMT (= KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T) 1673:1719 The type strain is 9DMT (= KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T). 27381178 14 77 theme = 1679:1679 arg1 1.15353T 1711:1718 = KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T 1679:1718 = KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T 1679:1718 The type strain is 9DMT (= KCTC 33742T=LMG 29102T= CGMCC 1.15353T). 27381178 4 78 theme 16S 420:422 arg1 rRNA 424:427 16S rRNA 420:427 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 420:450 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis these strains were identified as belonging to the genus Pontibacillus and were related most closely to the type strains of Pontibacillus chungwhensis (99.7 % sequence similarity) and Pontibacillus marinus (97.9 %). 27381178 0 79 theme salipaludis 14:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Pontibacillus salipaludis sp 0:27 Pontibacillus salipaludis sp. 0:28 Pontibacillus salipaludis sp. 27381178 12 80 theme strains 1488:1494 arg1 differentiation 1469:1483 the clear differentiation 1459:1483 the clear differentiation of strains 9DMT and 6DM, which are considered to represent a novel member of the genus Pontibacillus, for which the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp 1459:1633 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strains 9DMT and 6DM, which are considered to represent a novel member of the genus Pontibacillus, for which the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp. 27381178 11 81 theme 9DMT 1312:1315 arg1 acids 1296:1300 Major fatty acids 1284:1300 Major fatty acids of strain 9DMT 1284:1315 Major fatty acids of strain 9DMT were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27381178 12 82 theme tests 1445:1449 arg1 results 1389:1395 The results 1385:1395 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1385:1449 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strains 9DMT and 6DM, which are considered to represent a novel member of the genus Pontibacillus, for which the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp. 27381178 3 83 theme species 402:408 arg1 members 382:388 members 382:388 members of a single species 382:408 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88±2 %) indicated that strains 9DMT and 6DM were members of a single species. 27381178 12 84 theme Pontibacillus 1606:1618 arg1 sp 1632:1633 the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp 1597:1633 the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp 1597:1633 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed the clear differentiation of strains 9DMT and 6DM, which are considered to represent a novel member of the genus Pontibacillus, for which the name Pontibacillus salipaludis sp. 27381178 7 85 dep % 1023:1023 arg1 w/v 1026:1028 w/v 1026:1028 w/v 1026:1028 Strains 9DMT and 6DM were facultative anaerobes with optimal growth at 37 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 27381178 7 86 theme pH 999:1000 arg1 7.0-8.0 1002:1008 pH 7.0-8.0 999:1008 pH 7.0-8.0 999:1008 Strains 9DMT and 6DM were facultative anaerobes with optimal growth at 37 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296675 9 0 theme cell-wall 1397:1405 arg1 peptidoglycan 1407:1419 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1393:1419 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1393:1419 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. 26296675 4 1 theme PAMC 506:509 arg1 80007T 511:516 strain PAMC 80007T 499:516 strain PAMC 80007T 499:516 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain PAMC 80007T belonged to the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 2 2 theme motile 196:201 arg1 bacterium 218:226 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium 143:226 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T 143:256 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. 26296675 6 3 theme DNA 699:701 arg1 content 707:713 Genomic DNA G+C content 691:713 Genomic DNA G+C content 691:713 Genomic DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol% and genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance showed that strain PAMC 80007T is clearly distinguished from the closely related species of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 6 4 theme average 775:781 arg1 identity 794:801 the average nucleotide identity 771:801 the average nucleotide identity 771:801 Genomic DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol% and genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance showed that strain PAMC 80007T is clearly distinguished from the closely related species of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 9 5 theme whole-cell 1436:1445 arg1 ribose 1457:1462 ribose 1457:1462 ribose 1457:1462 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. 26296675 9 5 theme whole-cell 1436:1445 arg1 sugar 1447:1451 the major whole-cell sugar 1426:1451 the major whole-cell sugar 1426:1451 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. 26296675 2 6 theme layer 286:290 arg1 sample 297:302 an active layer soil sample 276:302 an active layer soil sample of Council 276:313 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. 26296675 2 6 theme layer 286:290 arg1 Alaska 316:321 Alaska 316:321 Alaska 316:321 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. 26296675 12 7 theme 30371T = KCTC 1718:1730 arg1 29572T 1745:1750  = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T 1711:1750  = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T 1711:1750 The type strain is PAMC 80007T ( = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T). 26296675 12 7 theme 30371T = KCTC 1718:1730 arg1 80007T 1703:1708 PAMC 80007T 1698:1708 PAMC 80007T ( = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T) 1698:1751 The type strain is PAMC 80007T ( = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T). 26296675 10 8 theme polyphasic 1513:1522 arg1 study 1524:1528 a polyphasic study 1511:1528 a polyphasic study 1511:1528 Results from a polyphasic study suggested that strain PAMC 80007T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus tundrae sp. 26296675 6 9 theme PAMC 856:859 arg1 80007T 861:866 strain PAMC 80007T 849:866 strain PAMC 80007T 849:866 Genomic DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol% and genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance showed that strain PAMC 80007T is clearly distinguished from the closely related species of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 8 10 contain contained 1225:1233 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 1235:1256 diphosphatidylglycerol 1235:1256 diphosphatidylglycerol 1235:1256 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26296675 8 10 contain contained 1225:1233 arg2 phospholipid 1300:1311 phospholipid 1300:1311 phospholipid 1300:1311 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26296675 8 10 contain contained 1225:1233 arg1 profile 1217:1223 the polar lipid profile 1201:1223 the polar lipid profile 1201:1223 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26296675 8 10 contain contained 1225:1233 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 1259:1278 phosphatidylglycerol 1259:1278 phosphatidylglycerol 1259:1278 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26296675 8 10 contain contained 1225:1233 arg2 phosphoglycolipid 1281:1297 phosphoglycolipid 1281:1297 phosphoglycolipid 1281:1297 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26296675 8 10 contain contained 1225:1233 arg2 lipids 1334:1339 two unidentified lipids 1317:1339 two unidentified lipids 1317:1339 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26296675 7 11 theme fatty 963:967 arg1  0 996:997  0 996:997  0 996:997 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 7 11 theme fatty 963:967 arg1 acids 969:973 The major fatty acids 953:973 The major fatty acids (>5 %) 953:980 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 7 11 theme fatty 963:967 arg1 % 979:979 >5 % 976:979 >5 % 976:979 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 7 11 theme fatty 963:967 arg1 iso-C15  987:994 iso-C15  987:994 iso-C15  987:994 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 12 12 theme PAMC 1698:1701 arg1 strain 1688:1693 The type strain 1679:1693 The type strain 1679:1693 The type strain is PAMC 80007T ( = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T). 26296675 12 12 theme PAMC 1698:1701 arg1 80007T 1703:1708 PAMC 80007T 1698:1708 PAMC 80007T ( = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T) 1698:1751 The type strain is PAMC 80007T ( = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T). 26296675 12 12 theme PAMC 1698:1701 arg1 29572T 1745:1750  = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T 1711:1750  = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T 1711:1750 The type strain is PAMC 80007T ( = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T). 26296675 9 13 theme minor 1471:1475 arg1 quantity 1477:1484 a minor quantity 1469:1484 a minor quantity of glucose 1469:1495 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. 26296675 10 14 theme strain 1545:1550 arg1 80007T 1557:1562 strain PAMC 80007T 1545:1562 strain PAMC 80007T 1545:1562 Results from a polyphasic study suggested that strain PAMC 80007T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus tundrae sp. 26296675 9 15 from peptidoglycan 1407:1419 arg1 present 1382:1388 present 1382:1388 present 1382:1388 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. 26296675 2 16 theme strain 239:244 arg1 80007T 251:256 strain PAMC 80007T 239:256 strain PAMC 80007T 239:256 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. 26296675 8 17 theme polar 1205:1209 arg1 profile 1217:1223 the polar lipid profile 1201:1223 the polar lipid profile 1201:1223 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26296675 10 18 from study 1524:1528 arg1 Results 1498:1504 Results 1498:1504 Results from a polyphasic study 1498:1528 Results from a polyphasic study suggested that strain PAMC 80007T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus tundrae sp. 26296675 6 19 theme related 910:916 arg1 species 918:924 the closely related species 898:924 the closely related species of the genus Domibacillus 898:950 Genomic DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol% and genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance showed that strain PAMC 80007T is clearly distinguished from the closely related species of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 1 20 theme Domibacillus 129:140 arg1 description 104:114 description 104:114 description of the genus Domibacillus 104:140 nov., isolated from active layer soil of tussock tundra in Alaska, and emended description of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 3 21 theme Optimal 324:330 arg1 growth 332:337 Optimal growth 324:337 Optimal growth of strain PAMC 80007T 324:359 Optimal growth of strain PAMC 80007T was observed at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296675 4 22 theme Phylogenetic 430:441 arg1 analysis 443:450 Phylogenetic analysis 430:450 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence 430:482 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain PAMC 80007T belonged to the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 1 23 theme layer 52:56 arg1 soil 58:61 active layer soil 45:61 active layer soil of tussock tundra in Alaska 45:89 nov., isolated from active layer soil of tussock tundra in Alaska, and emended description of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 13 24 theme Domibacillus 1790:1801 arg1 description 1765:1775 An emended description 1754:1775 An emended description of the genus Domibacillus 1754:1801 An emended description of the genus Domibacillus is also provided. 26296675 3 25 theme PAMC 349:352 arg1 80007T 354:359 strain PAMC 80007T 342:359 strain PAMC 80007T 342:359 Optimal growth of strain PAMC 80007T was observed at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296675 8 26 theme major 1107:1111 arg1 menaquinone-6 1150:1162 menaquinone-6 1150:1162 menaquinone-6 1150:1162 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26296675 8 26 theme major 1107:1111 arg1 quinones 1136:1143 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones 1103:1143 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones 1103:1143 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26296675 0 27 theme Domibacillus 0:11 arg1 sp 21:22 Domibacillus tundrae sp 0:22 Domibacillus tundrae sp. 0:23 Domibacillus tundrae sp. 26296675 1 28 theme tundra 74:79 arg1 soil 58:61 active layer soil 45:61 active layer soil of tussock tundra in Alaska 45:89 nov., isolated from active layer soil of tussock tundra in Alaska, and emended description of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 2 29 theme novel 145:149 arg1 bacterium 218:226 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium 143:226 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T 143:256 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. 26296675 4 30 theme gene 470:473 arg1 sequence 475:482 16S rRNA gene sequence 461:482 16S rRNA gene sequence 461:482 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain PAMC 80007T belonged to the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 8 31 theme isoprenoid 1125:1134 arg1 menaquinone-6 1150:1162 menaquinone-6 1150:1162 menaquinone-6 1150:1162 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26296675 8 31 theme isoprenoid 1125:1134 arg1 quinones 1136:1143 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones 1103:1143 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones 1103:1143 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26296675 9 32 located present 1382:1388 arg2 acid 1362:1365 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1342:1365 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) 1342:1376 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. 26296675 9 32 located present 1382:1388 arg1 peptidoglycan 1407:1419 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1393:1419 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1393:1419 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. 26296675 9 32 located present 1382:1388 arg2 A1γ 1373:1375 type A1γ 1368:1375 type A1γ 1368:1375 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. 26296675 10 33 theme Domibacillus 1604:1615 arg1 species 1583:1589 a novel species 1575:1589 a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus tundrae sp 1575:1658 Results from a polyphasic study suggested that strain PAMC 80007T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus tundrae sp. 26296675 6 34 theme relatedness 741:751 arg1 analyses 753:760 genomic relatedness analyses 733:760 genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance 733:835 Genomic DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol% and genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance showed that strain PAMC 80007T is clearly distinguished from the closely related species of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 9 35 theme type 1368:1371 arg1 A1γ 1373:1375 type A1γ 1368:1375 type A1γ 1368:1375 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. 26296675 9 35 theme type 1368:1371 arg1 acid 1362:1365 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1342:1365 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) 1342:1376 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. 26296675 6 36 theme genus 933:937 arg1 Domibacillus 939:950 the genus Domibacillus 929:950 the genus Domibacillus 929:950 Genomic DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol% and genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance showed that strain PAMC 80007T is clearly distinguished from the closely related species of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 13 37 theme emended 1757:1763 arg1 description 1765:1775 An emended description 1754:1775 An emended description of the genus Domibacillus 1754:1801 An emended description of the genus Domibacillus is also provided. 26296675 3 38 located observed 365:372 arg2 growth 332:337 Optimal growth 324:337 Optimal growth of strain PAMC 80007T 324:359 Optimal growth of strain PAMC 80007T was observed at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296675 3 38 located observed 365:372 arg1 pH 7.0 384:389 pH 7.0 384:389 pH 7.0 384:389 Optimal growth of strain PAMC 80007T was observed at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296675 3 38 located observed 365:372 arg1 30 °C 377:381 30 °C 377:381 30 °C 377:381 Optimal growth of strain PAMC 80007T was observed at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296675 4 39 theme 16S 461:463 arg1 rRNA 465:468 16S rRNA 461:468 16S rRNA gene sequence 461:482 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain PAMC 80007T belonged to the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 10 40 theme name 1631:1634 arg1 sp 1657:1658 the name Domibacillus tundrae sp 1627:1658 the name Domibacillus tundrae sp 1627:1658 Results from a polyphasic study suggested that strain PAMC 80007T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus tundrae sp. 26296675 3 41 theme % 416:416 arg1 NaCl 424:427 2 % (w/v) NaCl 414:427 2 % (w/v) NaCl 414:427 Optimal growth of strain PAMC 80007T was observed at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296675 1 42 from Alaska 84:89 arg1 soil 58:61 active layer soil 45:61 active layer soil of tussock tundra in Alaska 45:89 nov., isolated from active layer soil of tussock tundra in Alaska, and emended description of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 6 43 theme 43.5 mol 719:726 arg1 % 727:727 43.5 mol% 719:727 43.5 mol% 719:727 Genomic DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol% and genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance showed that strain PAMC 80007T is clearly distinguished from the closely related species of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 1 44 from tundra 74:79 arg1 Alaska 84:89 Alaska 84:89 Alaska 84:89 nov., isolated from active layer soil of tussock tundra in Alaska, and emended description of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 6 45 theme genome-to-genome 811:826 arg1 distance 828:835 the genome-to-genome distance 807:835 the genome-to-genome distance 807:835 Genomic DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol% and genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance showed that strain PAMC 80007T is clearly distinguished from the closely related species of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 4 46 theme genus 534:538 arg1 Domibacillus 540:551 the genus Domibacillus 530:551 the genus Domibacillus 530:551 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain PAMC 80007T belonged to the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 3 47 theme NaCl 424:427 arg1 presence 402:409 the presence 398:409 the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl 398:427 Optimal growth of strain PAMC 80007T was observed at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296675 4 48 theme strain 499:504 arg1 80007T 511:516 strain PAMC 80007T 499:516 strain PAMC 80007T 499:516 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain PAMC 80007T belonged to the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 10 49 theme tundrae 1649:1655 arg1 sp 1657:1658 the name Domibacillus tundrae sp 1627:1658 the name Domibacillus tundrae sp 1627:1658 Results from a polyphasic study suggested that strain PAMC 80007T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus tundrae sp. 26296675 6 50 theme G+C 703:705 arg1 content 707:713 Genomic DNA G+C content 691:713 Genomic DNA G+C content 691:713 Genomic DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol% and genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance showed that strain PAMC 80007T is clearly distinguished from the closely related species of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 12 51 theme 33549T = DSM 1732:1743 arg1 29572T 1745:1750  = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T 1711:1750  = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T 1711:1750 The type strain is PAMC 80007T ( = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T). 26296675 12 51 theme 33549T = DSM 1732:1743 arg1 80007T 1703:1708 PAMC 80007T 1698:1708 PAMC 80007T ( = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T) 1698:1751 The type strain is PAMC 80007T ( = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T). 26296675 6 52 theme nucleotide 783:792 arg1 identity 794:801 the average nucleotide identity 771:801 the average nucleotide identity 771:801 Genomic DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol% and genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance showed that strain PAMC 80007T is clearly distinguished from the closely related species of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 6 53 theme Genomic 691:697 arg1 content 707:713 Genomic DNA G+C content 691:713 Genomic DNA G+C content 691:713 Genomic DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol% and genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance showed that strain PAMC 80007T is clearly distinguished from the closely related species of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 9 54 theme major 1430:1434 arg1 ribose 1457:1462 ribose 1457:1462 ribose 1457:1462 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. 26296675 9 54 theme major 1430:1434 arg1 sugar 1447:1451 the major whole-cell sugar 1426:1451 the major whole-cell sugar 1426:1451 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. 26296675 7 55 dep iso-C15  987:994 arg1  0 996:997  0 996:997  0 996:997 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 7 55 dep iso-C15  987:994 arg1 C16  1009:1012 C16  1009:1012 C16  1009:1012 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 7 55 dep iso-C15  987:994 arg1 % 1005:1005 24.7 % 1000:1005 24.7 % 1000:1005 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 7 55 dep iso-C15  987:994 arg1 C16  1057:1060 C16  1057:1060 C16  1057:1060 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 7 55 dep iso-C15  987:994 arg1 acids 969:973 The major fatty acids 953:973 The major fatty acids (>5 %) 953:980 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 7 55 dep iso-C15  987:994 arg1 iso-C15  987:994 iso-C15  987:994 iso-C15  987:994 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 2 56 theme soil 292:295 arg1 sample 297:302 an active layer soil sample 276:302 an active layer soil sample of Council 276:313 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. 26296675 2 56 theme soil 292:295 arg1 Alaska 316:321 Alaska 316:321 Alaska 316:321 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. 26296675 2 57 theme aerobic 187:193 arg1 bacterium 218:226 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium 143:226 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T 143:256 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. 26296675 7 58 dep  0 996:997 arg1  0 1091:1092  0 1091:1092  0 1091:1092 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 7 58 dep  0 996:997 arg1 % 1053:1053 16.5 % 1048:1053 16.5 % 1048:1053 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 7 58 dep  0 996:997 arg1  1ω11c 1014:1019  1ω11c 1014:1019  1ω11c (16.8 %) 1014:1028 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 7 58 dep  0 996:997 arg1 % 1071:1071 15.6 % 1066:1071 15.6 % 1066:1071 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 7 58 dep  0 996:997 arg1  0 1044:1045  0 1044:1045  0 1044:1045 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 7 58 dep  0 996:997 arg1 % 1099:1099 8.7 % 1095:1099 8.7 % 1095:1099 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 7 58 dep  0 996:997 arg1  0 1062:1063  0 1062:1063  0 1062:1063 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 7 58 dep  0 996:997 arg1 % 1027:1027 16.8 % 1022:1027 16.8 % 1022:1027 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 7 58 dep  0 996:997 arg1 anteiso-C17  1078:1089 anteiso-C17  1078:1089 anteiso-C17  1078:1089 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 2 59 theme active 279:284 arg1 sample 297:302 an active layer soil sample 276:302 an active layer soil sample of Council 276:313 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. 26296675 2 59 theme active 279:284 arg1 Alaska 316:321 Alaska 316:321 Alaska 316:321 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. 26296675 12 60 theme  = JCM 1711:1716 arg1 29572T 1745:1750  = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T 1711:1750  = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T 1711:1750 The type strain is PAMC 80007T ( = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T). 26296675 12 60 theme  = JCM 1711:1716 arg1 80007T 1703:1708 PAMC 80007T 1698:1708 PAMC 80007T ( = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T) 1698:1751 The type strain is PAMC 80007T ( = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T). 26296675 9 61 attach present 1382:1388 arg2 acid 1362:1365 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1342:1365 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) 1342:1376 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. 26296675 9 61 attach present 1382:1388 arg1 peptidoglycan 1407:1419 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1393:1419 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1393:1419 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. 26296675 9 61 attach present 1382:1388 arg2 A1γ 1373:1375 type A1γ 1368:1375 type A1γ 1368:1375 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. 26296675 7 62 theme major 957:961 arg1  0 996:997  0 996:997  0 996:997 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 7 62 theme major 957:961 arg1 acids 969:973 The major fatty acids 953:973 The major fatty acids (>5 %) 953:980 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 7 62 theme major 957:961 arg1 % 979:979 >5 % 976:979 >5 % 976:979 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 7 62 theme major 957:961 arg1 iso-C15  987:994 iso-C15  987:994 iso-C15  987:994 The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). 26296675 2 63 theme rod-shaped 207:216 arg1 bacterium 218:226 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium 143:226 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T 143:256 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. 26296675 12 64 theme type 1683:1686 arg1 strain 1688:1693 The type strain 1679:1693 The type strain 1679:1693 The type strain is PAMC 80007T ( = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T). 26296675 12 64 theme type 1683:1686 arg1 80007T 1703:1708 PAMC 80007T 1698:1708 PAMC 80007T ( = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T) 1698:1751 The type strain is PAMC 80007T ( = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T). 26296675 2 65 attach isolated 262:269 arg1 sample 297:302 an active layer soil sample 276:302 an active layer soil sample of Council 276:313 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. 26296675 2 65 attach isolated 262:269 arg2 bacterium 218:226 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium 143:226 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T 143:256 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. 26296675 2 65 attach isolated 262:269 arg1 Alaska 316:321 Alaska 316:321 Alaska 316:321 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. 26296675 10 66 theme PAMC 1552:1555 arg1 80007T 1557:1562 strain PAMC 80007T 1545:1562 strain PAMC 80007T 1545:1562 Results from a polyphasic study suggested that strain PAMC 80007T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus tundrae sp. 26296675 2 67 theme PAMC 246:249 arg1 80007T 251:256 strain PAMC 80007T 239:256 strain PAMC 80007T 239:256 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. 26296675 9 68 theme glucose 1489:1495 arg1 quantity 1477:1484 a minor quantity 1469:1484 a minor quantity of glucose 1469:1495 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. 26296675 8 69 theme lipid 1211:1215 arg1 profile 1217:1223 the polar lipid profile 1201:1223 the polar lipid profile 1201:1223 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26296675 1 70 theme active 45:50 arg1 soil 58:61 active layer soil 45:61 active layer soil of tussock tundra in Alaska 45:89 nov., isolated from active layer soil of tussock tundra in Alaska, and emended description of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 10 71 theme novel 1577:1581 arg1 species 1583:1589 a novel species 1575:1589 a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus tundrae sp 1575:1658 Results from a polyphasic study suggested that strain PAMC 80007T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus tundrae sp. 26296675 1 72 theme genus 123:127 arg1 Domibacillus 129:140 the genus Domibacillus 119:140 the genus Domibacillus 119:140 nov., isolated from active layer soil of tussock tundra in Alaska, and emended description of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 3 73 dep % 416:416 arg1 w/v 419:421 w/v 419:421 w/v 419:421 Optimal growth of strain PAMC 80007T was observed at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296675 1 74 attach isolated 31:38 arg1 soil 58:61 active layer soil 45:61 active layer soil of tussock tundra in Alaska 45:89 nov., isolated from active layer soil of tussock tundra in Alaska, and emended description of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 1 74 attach isolated 31:38 arg2 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov., isolated from active layer soil of tussock tundra in Alaska, and emended description of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 13 75 theme genus 1784:1788 arg1 Domibacillus 1790:1801 the genus Domibacillus 1780:1801 the genus Domibacillus 1780:1801 An emended description of the genus Domibacillus is also provided. 26296675 0 76 theme tundrae 13:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Domibacillus tundrae sp 0:22 Domibacillus tundrae sp. 0:23 Domibacillus tundrae sp. 26296675 1 77 theme tussock 66:72 arg1 tundra 74:79 tussock tundra 66:79 tussock tundra in Alaska 66:89 nov., isolated from active layer soil of tussock tundra in Alaska, and emended description of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 9 78 from present 1382:1388 arg1 peptidoglycan 1407:1419 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1393:1419 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1393:1419 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. 26296675 3 79 theme 80007T 354:359 arg1 growth 332:337 Optimal growth 324:337 Optimal growth of strain PAMC 80007T 324:359 Optimal growth of strain PAMC 80007T was observed at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296675 9 80 theme meso-Diaminopimelic 1342:1360 arg1 A1γ 1373:1375 type A1γ 1368:1375 type A1γ 1368:1375 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. 26296675 9 80 theme meso-Diaminopimelic 1342:1360 arg1 acid 1362:1365 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1342:1365 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) 1342:1376 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. 26296675 3 81 theme strain 342:347 arg1 80007T 354:359 strain PAMC 80007T 342:359 strain PAMC 80007T 342:359 Optimal growth of strain PAMC 80007T was observed at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296675 8 82 theme unidentified 1321:1332 arg1 lipids 1334:1339 two unidentified lipids 1317:1339 two unidentified lipids 1317:1339 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26296675 2 83 theme Gram-stain-positive 151:169 arg1 bacterium 218:226 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium 143:226 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T 143:256 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. 26296675 8 84 theme respiratory 1113:1123 arg1 menaquinone-6 1150:1162 menaquinone-6 1150:1162 menaquinone-6 1150:1162 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26296675 8 84 theme respiratory 1113:1123 arg1 quinones 1136:1143 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones 1103:1143 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones 1103:1143 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. 26296675 3 85 theme 2  414:415 arg1 % 416:416 % 416:416 % 416:416 Optimal growth of strain PAMC 80007T was observed at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 26296675 6 86 theme Domibacillus 939:950 arg1 species 918:924 the closely related species 898:924 the closely related species of the genus Domibacillus 898:950 Genomic DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol% and genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance showed that strain PAMC 80007T is clearly distinguished from the closely related species of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 10 87 theme genus 1598:1602 arg1 Domibacillus 1604:1615 the genus Domibacillus 1594:1615 the genus Domibacillus 1594:1615 Results from a polyphasic study suggested that strain PAMC 80007T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus tundrae sp. 26296675 9 88 with ribose 1457:1462 arg1 quantity 1477:1484 a minor quantity 1469:1484 a minor quantity of glucose 1469:1495 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. 26296675 6 89 theme strain 849:854 arg1 80007T 861:866 strain PAMC 80007T 849:866 strain PAMC 80007T 849:866 Genomic DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol% and genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance showed that strain PAMC 80007T is clearly distinguished from the closely related species of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 6 90 theme genomic 733:739 arg1 analyses 753:760 genomic relatedness analyses 733:760 genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance 733:835 Genomic DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol% and genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance showed that strain PAMC 80007T is clearly distinguished from the closely related species of the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 4 91 theme rRNA 465:468 arg1 sequence 475:482 16S rRNA gene sequence 461:482 16S rRNA gene sequence 461:482 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain PAMC 80007T belonged to the genus Domibacillus. 26296675 10 92 theme Domibacillus 1636:1647 arg1 sp 1657:1658 the name Domibacillus tundrae sp 1627:1658 the name Domibacillus tundrae sp 1627:1658 Results from a polyphasic study suggested that strain PAMC 80007T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus tundrae sp. 26296675 2 93 theme Council 307:313 arg1 sample 297:302 an active layer soil sample 276:302 an active layer soil sample of Council 276:313 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. 26296675 2 93 theme Council 307:313 arg1 Alaska 316:321 Alaska 316:321 Alaska 316:321 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. 26296675 2 94 theme spore-forming 172:184 arg1 bacterium 218:226 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium 143:226 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T 143:256 A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. 26296675 1 95 from soil 58:61 arg1 Alaska 84:89 Alaska 84:89 Alaska 84:89 nov., isolated from active layer soil of tussock tundra in Alaska, and emended description of the genus Domibacillus. 25754550 10 0 theme major 1423:1427 arg1 MK-8 1461:1464 MK-8 1461:1464 MK-8 1461:1464 The major menaquinone of both strains was MK-8(H4). 25754550 10 0 theme major 1423:1427 arg1 menaquinone 1429:1439 The major menaquinone 1419:1439 The major menaquinone of both strains 1419:1455 The major menaquinone of both strains was MK-8(H4). 25754550 11 1 theme DNA 1495:1497 arg1 contents 1479:1486 The G+C contents 1471:1486 The G+C contents of the DNA of strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T 1471:1529 The G+C contents of the DNA of strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T were 68.0 mol% and 62.9 mol%, respectively. 25754550 11 1 theme DNA 1495:1497 arg1 % 1544:1544 68.0 mol% 1536:1544 68.0 mol% 1536:1544 The G+C contents of the DNA of strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T were 68.0 mol% and 62.9 mol%, respectively. 25754550 13 2 theme 17307T 1780:1785 arg1 109601T 1807:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 13 2 theme 17307T 1780:1785 arg1 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 7 3 theme strain 780:785 arg1 KIS18-7T 787:794 strain KIS18-7T 780:794 strain KIS18-7T 780:794 The major fatty acids of strain KIS18-7T were iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c, and C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 0 10-methyl and C16 : 0 2-OH for strain JOS5-1T. 25754550 3 4 from samples 240:246 arg1 Korea 251:255 Korea 251:255 Korea 251:255 Two strains of species of the genus Marmoricola, designated KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T, were isolated from soil samples in Korea. 25754550 8 5 theme polar 968:972 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1006:1025 phosphatidylglycerol 1006:1025 phosphatidylglycerol 1006:1025 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 8 5 theme polar 968:972 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 1079:1097 phosphatidylcholine 1079:1097 phosphatidylcholine 1079:1097 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 8 5 theme polar 968:972 arg1 lipids 974:979 the polar lipids 964:979 the polar lipids 964:979 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 8 5 theme polar 968:972 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1028:1051 phosphatidylethanolamine 1028:1051 phosphatidylethanolamine 1028:1051 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 8 5 theme polar 968:972 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 1054:1073 phosphatidylinositol 1054:1073 phosphatidylinositol 1054:1073 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 8 5 theme polar 968:972 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 982:1003 diphosphatidylglycerol 982:1003 diphosphatidylglycerol 982:1003 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 9 6 contain contained 1287:1295 arg1 peptidoglycan 1257:1269 The peptidoglycan 1253:1269 The peptidoglycan of both strains 1253:1285 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 9 6 contain contained 1287:1295 arg2 residue 1372:1378 a single glycine residue 1355:1378 a single glycine residue 1355:1378 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 9 6 contain contained 1287:1295 arg2 acid 1315:1318 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1297:1318 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1297:1318 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 9 6 contain contained 1287:1295 arg2 bridge 1400:1405 the interpeptide bridge 1383:1405 the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ) 1383:1416 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 9 6 contain contained 1287:1295 arg2 acid 1346:1349 the diagnostic diamino acid 1323:1349 the diagnostic diamino acid 1323:1349 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 9 7 theme diamino 1338:1344 arg1 acid 1346:1349 the diagnostic diamino acid 1323:1349 the diagnostic diamino acid 1323:1349 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 9 7 theme diamino 1338:1344 arg1 acid 1315:1318 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1297:1318 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1297:1318 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 10 8 theme strains 1449:1455 arg1 MK-8 1461:1464 MK-8 1461:1464 MK-8 1461:1464 The major menaquinone of both strains was MK-8(H4). 25754550 10 8 theme strains 1449:1455 arg1 menaquinone 1429:1439 The major menaquinone 1419:1439 The major menaquinone of both strains 1419:1455 The major menaquinone of both strains was MK-8(H4). 25754550 2 9 theme Marmoricola 121:131 arg1 soil 79:82 soil 79:82 soil 79:82 nov., isolated from soil and emended description of the genus Marmoricola. 25754550 2 9 theme Marmoricola 121:131 arg1 description 96:106 emended description 88:106 emended description 88:106 nov., isolated from soil and emended description of the genus Marmoricola. 25754550 13 10 theme strain 1757:1762 arg1 109601T 1807:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 13 10 theme strain 1757:1762 arg1 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 7 11 theme major 759:763 arg1 iso-C16 801:807 iso-C16 801:807 iso-C16 801:807 The major fatty acids of strain KIS18-7T were iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c, and C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 0 10-methyl and C16 : 0 2-OH for strain JOS5-1T. 25754550 7 11 theme major 759:763 arg1 acids 771:775 The major fatty acids 755:775 The major fatty acids of strain KIS18-7T 755:794 The major fatty acids of strain KIS18-7T were iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c, and C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 0 10-methyl and C16 : 0 2-OH for strain JOS5-1T. 25754550 8 12 theme strain 1106:1111 arg1 JOS5-1T 1113:1119 strain JOS5-1T 1106:1119 strain JOS5-1T 1106:1119 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 12 13 dep sp 1742:1743 arg1 names 1713:1717 the names 1709:1717 the names 1709:1717 These data demonstrate that strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T are representatives of two novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the names Marmoricola solisilvae sp. 25754550 13 14 theme = 1773:1773 arg1 109601T 1807:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 13 14 theme = 1773:1773 arg1 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 8 15 contain contained 954:962 arg2 phosphatidylinositol 1054:1073 phosphatidylinositol 1054:1073 phosphatidylinositol 1054:1073 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 8 15 contain contained 954:962 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 982:1003 diphosphatidylglycerol 982:1003 diphosphatidylglycerol 982:1003 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 8 15 contain contained 954:962 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 1006:1025 phosphatidylglycerol 1006:1025 phosphatidylglycerol 1006:1025 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 8 15 contain contained 954:962 arg1 KIS18-7T 945:952 Strain KIS18-7T 938:952 Strain KIS18-7T 938:952 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 8 15 contain contained 954:962 arg2 phosphatidylcholine 1079:1097 phosphatidylcholine 1079:1097 phosphatidylcholine 1079:1097 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 8 15 contain contained 954:962 arg2 lipids 974:979 the polar lipids 964:979 the polar lipids 964:979 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 8 15 contain contained 954:962 arg2 phosphatidylethanolamine 1028:1051 phosphatidylethanolamine 1028:1051 phosphatidylethanolamine 1028:1051 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 9 16 theme single 1357:1362 arg1 residue 1372:1378 a single glycine residue 1355:1378 a single glycine residue 1355:1378 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 9 16 theme single 1357:1362 arg1 acid 1315:1318 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1297:1318 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1297:1318 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 12 17 dep Marmoricola 1719:1729 arg1 solisilvae 1731:1740 solisilvae 1731:1740 solisilvae 1731:1740 These data demonstrate that strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T are representatives of two novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the names Marmoricola solisilvae sp. 25754550 4 18 contain had 480:482 arg2 similarities 501:512 highest sequence similarities 484:512 highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %) 484:592 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 4 18 contain had 480:482 arg1 JOS5-1T 472:478 strain JOS5-1T 465:478 strain JOS5-1T 465:478 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 3 19 theme soil 235:238 arg1 samples 240:246 soil samples 235:246 soil samples in Korea 235:255 Two strains of species of the genus Marmoricola, designated KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T, were isolated from soil samples in Korea. 25754550 4 20 theme bigeumensis 565:575 arg1 MSL-05T 577:583 Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T 553:583 Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %) 553:592 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 4 20 theme bigeumensis 565:575 arg1 % 591:591 97.3 % 586:591 97.3 % 586:591 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 1 21 dep sp 55:56 arg1 Marmoricola 36:46 Marmoricola 36:46 Marmoricola 36:46 nov. and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 1 21 dep sp 55:56 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 5 22 theme sequence 599:606 arg1 % 657:657 98.1 % 652:657 98.1 % 652:657 The sequence similarity between KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T was 98.1 %. 25754550 5 22 theme sequence 599:606 arg1 similarity 608:617 The sequence similarity 595:617 The sequence similarity between KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T 595:646 The sequence similarity between KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T was 98.1 %. 25754550 9 23 theme type 1408:1411 arg1 bridge 1400:1405 the interpeptide bridge 1383:1405 the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ) 1383:1416 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 9 23 theme type 1408:1411 arg1 A3γ 1413:1415 type A3γ 1408:1415 type A3γ 1408:1415 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 4 24 with similarities 319:330 arg1 Sco-D01T 357:364 Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T 337:364 Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %) 337:373 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 4 24 with similarities 319:330 arg1 % 457:457 97.3 % 452:457 97.3 % 452:457 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 4 24 with similarities 319:330 arg1 SST-45T 398:404 Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T 376:404 Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) 376:413 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 4 24 with similarities 319:330 arg1 % 372:372 97.8 % 367:372 97.8 % 367:372 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 4 24 with similarities 319:330 arg1 % 412:412 97.6 % 407:412 97.6 % 407:412 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 4 24 with similarities 319:330 arg1 361T 446:449 Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T 419:449 Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %) 419:458 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 8 25 theme unknown 1203:1209 arg1 aminolipid 1211:1220 one unknown aminolipid 1199:1220 one unknown aminolipid 1199:1220 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 13 26 theme type 1752:1755 arg1 109601T 1807:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 13 26 theme type 1752:1755 arg1 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 4 27 with similarities 501:512 arg1 % 591:591 97.3 % 586:591 97.3 % 586:591 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 4 27 with similarities 501:512 arg1 MSL-05T 577:583 Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T 553:583 Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %) 553:592 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 4 27 with similarities 501:512 arg1 SST-45T 532:538 M. aequoreus SST-45T 519:538 M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) 519:547 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 4 27 with similarities 501:512 arg1 % 546:546 97.5 % 541:546 97.5 % 541:546 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 11 28 dep strains 1502:1508 arg1 strains 1502:1508 strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T 1502:1529 strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T 1502:1529 The G+C contents of the DNA of strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T were 68.0 mol% and 62.9 mol%, respectively. 25754550 11 28 dep strains 1502:1508 arg1 JOS5-1T 1523:1529 JOS5-1T 1523:1529 JOS5-1T 1523:1529 The G+C contents of the DNA of strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T were 68.0 mol% and 62.9 mol%, respectively. 25754550 11 28 dep strains 1502:1508 arg1 KIS18-7T 1510:1517 KIS18-7T 1510:1517 KIS18-7T 1510:1517 The G+C contents of the DNA of strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T were 68.0 mol% and 62.9 mol%, respectively. 25754550 14 29 theme = 1896:1896 arg1 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov. (type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T) are proposed. 25754550 14 29 theme = 1896:1896 arg1 109602T 1903:1909 type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T 1849:1909 type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T 1849:1909 nov. (type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T) are proposed. 25754550 13 30 theme DSM 1789:1791 arg1 109601T 1807:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 13 30 theme DSM 1789:1791 arg1 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 8 31 theme unknown 1230:1236 arg1 phospholipids 1238:1250 two unknown phospholipids 1226:1250 two unknown phospholipids 1226:1250 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 14 32 theme DSM 1885:1887 arg1 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov. (type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T) are proposed. 25754550 14 32 theme DSM 1885:1887 arg1 109602T 1903:1909 type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T 1849:1909 type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T 1849:1909 nov. (type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T) are proposed. 25754550 4 33 dep Marmoricola 337:347 arg1 scoriae 349:355 scoriae 349:355 scoriae 349:355 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 12 34 theme Marmoricola 1719:1729 arg1 sp 1742:1743 Marmoricola solisilvae sp 1719:1743 Marmoricola solisilvae sp 1719:1743 These data demonstrate that strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T are representatives of two novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the names Marmoricola solisilvae sp. 25754550 4 35 theme rRNA 266:269 arg1 sequence 276:283 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 258:283 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T 258:302 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 14 36 theme 17308T 1876:1881 arg1 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov. (type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T) are proposed. 25754550 14 36 theme 17308T 1876:1881 arg1 109602T 1903:1909 type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T 1849:1909 type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T 1849:1909 nov. (type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T) are proposed. 25754550 0 37 theme Marmoricola 0:10 arg1 sp 23:24 Marmoricola solisilvae sp 0:24 Marmoricola solisilvae sp. 0:25 Marmoricola solisilvae sp. 25754550 14 38 theme = 1869:1869 arg1 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov. (type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T) are proposed. 25754550 14 38 theme = 1869:1869 arg1 109602T 1903:1909 type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T 1849:1909 type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T 1849:1909 nov. (type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T) are proposed. 25754550 3 39 theme genus 164:168 arg1 Marmoricola 170:180 the genus Marmoricola 160:180 the genus Marmoricola 160:180 Two strains of species of the genus Marmoricola, designated KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T, were isolated from soil samples in Korea. 25754550 4 40 dep Marmoricola 419:429 arg1 aurantiacus 431:441 aurantiacus 431:441 aurantiacus 431:441 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 4 41 theme highest 484:490 arg1 similarities 501:512 highest sequence similarities 484:512 highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %) 484:592 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 14 42 theme strain 1854:1859 arg1 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov. (type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T) are proposed. 25754550 14 42 theme strain 1854:1859 arg1 109602T 1903:1909 type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T 1849:1909 type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T 1849:1909 nov. (type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T) are proposed. 25754550 11 43 theme 62.9 1550:1553 arg1 mol 1555:1557 mol 1555:1557 mol 1555:1557 The G+C contents of the DNA of strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T were 68.0 mol% and 62.9 mol%, respectively. 25754550 12 44 theme novel 1659:1663 arg1 species 1665:1671 two novel species 1655:1671 two novel species of the genus Marmoricola 1655:1696 These data demonstrate that strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T are representatives of two novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the names Marmoricola solisilvae sp. 25754550 9 45 theme strains 1279:1285 arg1 peptidoglycan 1257:1269 The peptidoglycan 1253:1269 The peptidoglycan of both strains 1253:1285 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 12 46 theme Marmoricola 1686:1696 arg1 species 1665:1671 two novel species 1655:1671 two novel species of the genus Marmoricola 1655:1696 These data demonstrate that strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T are representatives of two novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the names Marmoricola solisilvae sp. 25754550 6 47 theme Marmoricola 742:752 arg1 species 721:727 species 721:727 species of the genus Marmoricola 721:752 Phylogenetic analysis showed that these strains grouped with species of the genus Marmoricola. 25754550 3 48 attach isolated 221:228 arg2 strains 138:144 Two strains 134:144 Two strains 134:144 Two strains of species of the genus Marmoricola, designated KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T, were isolated from soil samples in Korea. 25754550 3 48 attach isolated 221:228 arg1 samples 240:246 soil samples 235:246 soil samples in Korea 235:255 Two strains of species of the genus Marmoricola, designated KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T, were isolated from soil samples in Korea. 25754550 13 49 theme NBRC 1802:1805 arg1 109601T 1807:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 13 49 theme NBRC 1802:1805 arg1 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 9 50 theme ll-diaminopimelic 1297:1313 arg1 residue 1372:1378 a single glycine residue 1355:1378 a single glycine residue 1355:1378 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 9 50 theme ll-diaminopimelic 1297:1313 arg1 acid 1346:1349 the diagnostic diamino acid 1323:1349 the diagnostic diamino acid 1323:1349 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 9 50 theme ll-diaminopimelic 1297:1313 arg1 acid 1315:1318 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1297:1318 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1297:1318 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 9 50 theme ll-diaminopimelic 1297:1313 arg1 bridge 1400:1405 the interpeptide bridge 1383:1405 the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ) 1383:1416 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 1 51 theme terrae 48:53 arg1 sp 55:56 terrae sp 48:56 terrae sp 48:56 nov. and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 4 52 theme strain 288:293 arg1 KIS18-7T 295:302 strain KIS18-7T 288:302 strain KIS18-7T 288:302 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 7 53 theme strain 922:927 arg1 JOS5-1T 929:935 strain JOS5-1T 922:935 strain JOS5-1T 922:935 The major fatty acids of strain KIS18-7T were iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c, and C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 0 10-methyl and C16 : 0 2-OH for strain JOS5-1T. 25754550 2 54 theme emended 88:94 arg1 description 96:106 emended description 88:106 emended description 88:106 nov., isolated from soil and emended description of the genus Marmoricola. 25754550 13 55 theme = 1787:1787 arg1 109601T 1807:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 13 55 theme = 1787:1787 arg1 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 7 56 theme KIS18-7T 787:794 arg1 iso-C16 801:807 iso-C16 801:807 iso-C16 801:807 The major fatty acids of strain KIS18-7T were iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c, and C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 0 10-methyl and C16 : 0 2-OH for strain JOS5-1T. 25754550 7 56 theme KIS18-7T 787:794 arg1 acids 771:775 The major fatty acids 755:775 The major fatty acids of strain KIS18-7T 755:794 The major fatty acids of strain KIS18-7T were iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c, and C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 0 10-methyl and C16 : 0 2-OH for strain JOS5-1T. 25754550 9 57 theme diagnostic 1327:1336 arg1 acid 1346:1349 the diagnostic diamino acid 1323:1349 the diagnostic diamino acid 1323:1349 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 9 57 theme diagnostic 1327:1336 arg1 acid 1315:1318 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1297:1318 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1297:1318 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 8 58 contain contained 1121:1129 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 1155:1174 phosphatidylglycerol 1155:1174 phosphatidylglycerol 1155:1174 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 8 58 contain contained 1121:1129 arg2 phosphatidylinositol 1177:1196 phosphatidylinositol 1177:1196 phosphatidylinositol 1177:1196 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 8 58 contain contained 1121:1129 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 1131:1152 diphosphatidylglycerol 1131:1152 diphosphatidylglycerol 1131:1152 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 8 58 contain contained 1121:1129 arg2 phospholipids 1238:1250 two unknown phospholipids 1226:1250 two unknown phospholipids 1226:1250 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 8 58 contain contained 1121:1129 arg2 aminolipid 1211:1220 one unknown aminolipid 1199:1220 one unknown aminolipid 1199:1220 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 8 58 contain contained 1121:1129 arg1 JOS5-1T 1113:1119 strain JOS5-1T 1106:1119 strain JOS5-1T 1106:1119 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 4 59 theme M. 519:520 arg1 SST-45T 532:538 M. aequoreus SST-45T 519:538 M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) 519:547 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 4 59 theme M. 519:520 arg1 % 546:546 97.5 % 541:546 97.5 % 541:546 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 11 60 theme 68.0 1536:1539 arg1 mol 1541:1543 mol 1541:1543 mol 1541:1543 The G+C contents of the DNA of strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T were 68.0 mol% and 62.9 mol%, respectively. 25754550 13 61 theme 27140T 1793:1798 arg1 109601T 1807:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 13 61 theme 27140T 1793:1798 arg1 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 4 62 theme Marmoricola 337:347 arg1 Sco-D01T 357:364 Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T 337:364 Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %) 337:373 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 4 62 theme Marmoricola 337:347 arg1 % 372:372 97.8 % 367:372 97.8 % 367:372 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 2 63 theme genus 115:119 arg1 Marmoricola 121:131 the genus Marmoricola 111:131 the genus Marmoricola 111:131 nov., isolated from soil and emended description of the genus Marmoricola. 25754550 13 64 theme KIS18-7T 1764:1771 arg1 109601T 1807:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 13 64 theme KIS18-7T 1764:1771 arg1 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 7 65 theme fatty 765:769 arg1 iso-C16 801:807 iso-C16 801:807 iso-C16 801:807 The major fatty acids of strain KIS18-7T were iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c, and C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 0 10-methyl and C16 : 0 2-OH for strain JOS5-1T. 25754550 7 65 theme fatty 765:769 arg1 acids 771:775 The major fatty acids 755:775 The major fatty acids of strain KIS18-7T 755:794 The major fatty acids of strain KIS18-7T were iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c, and C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 0 10-methyl and C16 : 0 2-OH for strain JOS5-1T. 25754550 7 66 dep iso-C16 801:807 arg1 C18 845:847 C18 845:847 C18 845:847 The major fatty acids of strain KIS18-7T were iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c, and C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 0 10-methyl and C16 : 0 2-OH for strain JOS5-1T. 25754550 7 66 dep iso-C16 801:807 arg1 1ω8c 839:842 1ω8c 839:842 1ω8c 839:842 The major fatty acids of strain KIS18-7T were iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c, and C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 0 10-methyl and C16 : 0 2-OH for strain JOS5-1T. 25754550 7 66 dep iso-C16 801:807 arg1 C18 871:873 C18 871:873 C18 871:873 The major fatty acids of strain KIS18-7T were iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c, and C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 0 10-methyl and C16 : 0 2-OH for strain JOS5-1T. 25754550 9 67 theme glycine 1364:1370 arg1 residue 1372:1378 a single glycine residue 1355:1378 a single glycine residue 1355:1378 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 9 67 theme glycine 1364:1370 arg1 acid 1315:1318 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1297:1318 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1297:1318 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 6 68 theme Phylogenetic 660:671 arg1 analysis 673:680 Phylogenetic analysis 660:680 Phylogenetic analysis 660:680 Phylogenetic analysis showed that these strains grouped with species of the genus Marmoricola. 25754550 4 69 dep M. 519:520 arg1 aequoreus 522:530 aequoreus 522:530 aequoreus 522:530 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 4 70 theme Marmoricola 553:563 arg1 MSL-05T 577:583 Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T 553:583 Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %) 553:592 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 4 70 theme Marmoricola 553:563 arg1 % 591:591 97.3 % 586:591 97.3 % 586:591 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 9 71 theme interpeptide 1387:1398 arg1 acid 1315:1318 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1297:1318 ll-diaminopimelic acid 1297:1318 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 9 71 theme interpeptide 1387:1398 arg1 bridge 1400:1405 the interpeptide bridge 1383:1405 the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ) 1383:1416 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 9 71 theme interpeptide 1387:1398 arg1 A3γ 1413:1415 type A3γ 1408:1415 type A3γ 1408:1415 The peptidoglycan of both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and a single glycine residue as the interpeptide bridge (type A3γ). 25754550 4 72 theme Marmoricola 376:386 arg1 SST-45T 398:404 Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T 376:404 Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) 376:413 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 4 72 theme Marmoricola 376:386 arg1 % 412:412 97.6 % 407:412 97.6 % 407:412 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 13 73 theme KACC 1775:1778 arg1 109601T 1807:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 13 73 theme KACC 1775:1778 arg1 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 4 74 theme highest 311:317 arg1 similarities 319:330 highest similarities 311:330 highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %) 311:458 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 7 75 dep 1ω8c 839:842 arg1 10-methyl 853:861 0 10-methyl 851:861 0 10-methyl (TBSA) 851:868 The major fatty acids of strain KIS18-7T were iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c, and C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 0 10-methyl and C16 : 0 2-OH for strain JOS5-1T. 25754550 7 75 dep 1ω8c 839:842 arg1 1ω9c 877:880 1ω9c 877:880 1ω9c 877:880 The major fatty acids of strain KIS18-7T were iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c, and C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 0 10-methyl and C16 : 0 2-OH for strain JOS5-1T. 25754550 7 75 dep 1ω8c 839:842 arg1 C16 905:907 C16 905:907 C16 905:907 The major fatty acids of strain KIS18-7T were iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c, and C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 0 10-methyl and C16 : 0 2-OH for strain JOS5-1T. 25754550 7 75 dep 1ω8c 839:842 arg1 TBSA 864:867 TBSA 864:867 TBSA 864:867 The major fatty acids of strain KIS18-7T were iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c, and C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 0 10-methyl and C16 : 0 2-OH for strain JOS5-1T. 25754550 7 75 dep 1ω8c 839:842 arg1 C17 883:885 C17 883:885 C17 883:885 The major fatty acids of strain KIS18-7T were iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c, and C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 0 10-methyl and C16 : 0 2-OH for strain JOS5-1T. 25754550 7 75 dep 1ω8c 839:842 arg1 2-OH 913:916 0 2-OH 911:916 0 2-OH for strain JOS5-1T 911:935 The major fatty acids of strain KIS18-7T were iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c, and C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 0 10-methyl and C16 : 0 2-OH for strain JOS5-1T. 25754550 7 75 dep 1ω8c 839:842 arg1 10-methyl 891:899 0 10-methyl 889:899 0 10-methyl 889:899 The major fatty acids of strain KIS18-7T were iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c, and C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 0 10-methyl and C16 : 0 2-OH for strain JOS5-1T. 25754550 14 76 theme NBRC 1898:1901 arg1 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov. (type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T) are proposed. 25754550 14 76 theme NBRC 1898:1901 arg1 109602T 1903:1909 type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T 1849:1909 type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T 1849:1909 nov. (type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T) are proposed. 25754550 3 77 theme species 149:155 arg1 strains 138:144 Two strains 134:144 Two strains 134:144 Two strains of species of the genus Marmoricola, designated KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T, were isolated from soil samples in Korea. 25754550 12 78 dep strains 1603:1609 arg1 strains 1603:1609 strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T 1603:1630 strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T 1603:1630 These data demonstrate that strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T are representatives of two novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the names Marmoricola solisilvae sp. 25754550 12 78 dep strains 1603:1609 arg1 JOS5-1T 1624:1630 JOS5-1T 1624:1630 JOS5-1T 1624:1630 These data demonstrate that strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T are representatives of two novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the names Marmoricola solisilvae sp. 25754550 12 78 dep strains 1603:1609 arg1 KIS18-7T 1611:1618 KIS18-7T 1611:1618 KIS18-7T 1611:1618 These data demonstrate that strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T are representatives of two novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the names Marmoricola solisilvae sp. 25754550 4 79 theme Marmoricola 419:429 arg1 361T 446:449 Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T 419:449 Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %) 419:458 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 4 79 theme Marmoricola 419:429 arg1 % 457:457 97.3 % 452:457 97.3 % 452:457 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 14 80 theme 27141T 1889:1894 arg1 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov. (type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T) are proposed. 25754550 14 80 theme 27141T 1889:1894 arg1 109602T 1903:1909 type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T 1849:1909 type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T 1849:1909 nov. (type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T) are proposed. 25754550 13 81 dep sp 1839:1840 arg1 109601T 1807:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 13 81 dep sp 1839:1840 arg1 Marmoricola 1820:1830 Marmoricola 1820:1830 Marmoricola 1820:1830 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 13 81 dep sp 1839:1840 arg1 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 4 82 theme BC 443:444 arg1 361T 446:449 Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T 419:449 Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %) 419:458 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 4 82 theme BC 443:444 arg1 % 457:457 97.3 % 452:457 97.3 % 452:457 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 14 83 theme = 1883:1883 arg1 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov. (type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T) are proposed. 25754550 14 83 theme = 1883:1883 arg1 109602T 1903:1909 type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T 1849:1909 type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T 1849:1909 nov. (type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T) are proposed. 25754550 3 84 theme Marmoricola 170:180 arg1 species 149:155 species 149:155 species of the genus Marmoricola 149:180 Two strains of species of the genus Marmoricola, designated KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T, were isolated from soil samples in Korea. 25754550 0 85 theme solisilvae 12:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Marmoricola solisilvae sp 0:24 Marmoricola solisilvae sp. 0:25 Marmoricola solisilvae sp. 25754550 4 86 theme 16S 262:264 arg1 rRNA 266:269 The 16S rRNA 258:269 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T 258:302 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 14 87 theme KACC 1871:1874 arg1 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov. (type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T) are proposed. 25754550 14 87 theme KACC 1871:1874 arg1 109602T 1903:1909 type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T 1849:1909 type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T 1849:1909 nov. (type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T) are proposed. 25754550 4 88 theme sequence 492:499 arg1 similarities 501:512 highest sequence similarities 484:512 highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %) 484:592 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 14 89 theme JOS5-1T 1861:1867 arg1 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov. (type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T) are proposed. 25754550 14 89 theme JOS5-1T 1861:1867 arg1 109602T 1903:1909 type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T 1849:1909 type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T 1849:1909 nov. (type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T) are proposed. 25754550 14 90 theme type 1849:1852 arg1 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov 1843:1845 nov. (type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T) are proposed. 25754550 14 90 theme type 1849:1852 arg1 109602T 1903:1909 type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T 1849:1909 type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T 1849:1909 nov. (type strain JOS5-1T = KACC 17308T = DSM 27141T = NBRC 109602T) are proposed. 25754550 11 91 theme mol 1541:1543 arg1 contents 1479:1486 The G+C contents 1471:1486 The G+C contents of the DNA of strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T 1471:1529 The G+C contents of the DNA of strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T were 68.0 mol% and 62.9 mol%, respectively. 25754550 11 91 theme mol 1541:1543 arg1 % 1544:1544 68.0 mol% 1536:1544 68.0 mol% 1536:1544 The G+C contents of the DNA of strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T were 68.0 mol% and 62.9 mol%, respectively. 25754550 4 92 dep Marmoricola 376:386 arg1 aequoreus 388:396 aequoreus 388:396 aequoreus 388:396 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 12 93 theme genus 1680:1684 arg1 Marmoricola 1686:1696 the genus Marmoricola 1676:1696 the genus Marmoricola 1676:1696 These data demonstrate that strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T are representatives of two novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the names Marmoricola solisilvae sp. 25754550 4 94 theme KIS18-7T 295:302 arg1 sequence 276:283 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 258:283 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T 258:302 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 4 95 theme strain 465:470 arg1 JOS5-1T 472:478 strain JOS5-1T 465:478 strain JOS5-1T 465:478 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 13 96 theme terrae 1832:1837 arg1 sp 1839:1840 terrae sp 1832:1840 terrae sp 1832:1840 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 12 97 theme species 1665:1671 arg1 representatives 1636:1650 representatives 1636:1650 representatives 1636:1650 These data demonstrate that strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T are representatives of two novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the names Marmoricola solisilvae sp. 25754550 12 97 theme species 1665:1671 arg1 strains 1603:1609 strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T 1603:1630 strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T 1603:1630 These data demonstrate that strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T are representatives of two novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the names Marmoricola solisilvae sp. 25754550 11 98 theme mol 1555:1557 arg1 % 1558:1558 62.9 mol% 1550:1558 62.9 mol% 1550:1558 The G+C contents of the DNA of strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T were 68.0 mol% and 62.9 mol%, respectively. 25754550 13 99 theme = 1800:1800 arg1 109601T 1807:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T 1752:1813 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 13 99 theme = 1800:1800 arg1 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov 1746:1748 nov. (type strain KIS18-7T = KACC 17307T = DSM 27140T = NBRC 109601T) and Marmoricola terrae sp. 25754550 8 100 theme Strain 938:943 arg1 KIS18-7T 945:952 Strain KIS18-7T 938:952 Strain KIS18-7T 938:952 Strain KIS18-7T contained the polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, while strain JOS5-1T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 25754550 6 101 theme genus 736:740 arg1 Marmoricola 742:752 the genus Marmoricola 732:752 the genus Marmoricola 732:752 Phylogenetic analysis showed that these strains grouped with species of the genus Marmoricola. 25754550 4 102 theme gene 271:274 arg1 sequence 276:283 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 258:283 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T 258:302 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS18-7T showed highest similarities with Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.8 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.6 %) and Marmoricola aurantiacus BC 361T (97.3 %), and strain JOS5-1T had highest sequence similarities with M. aequoreus SST-45T (97.5 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (97.3 %). 25754550 11 103 theme strains 1502:1508 arg1 DNA 1495:1497 the DNA 1491:1497 the DNA of strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T 1491:1529 The G+C contents of the DNA of strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T were 68.0 mol% and 62.9 mol%, respectively. 25754550 11 104 theme G+C 1475:1477 arg1 contents 1479:1486 The G+C contents 1471:1486 The G+C contents of the DNA of strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T 1471:1529 The G+C contents of the DNA of strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T were 68.0 mol% and 62.9 mol%, respectively. 25754550 11 104 theme G+C 1475:1477 arg1 % 1544:1544 68.0 mol% 1536:1544 68.0 mol% 1536:1544 The G+C contents of the DNA of strains KIS18-7T and JOS5-1T were 68.0 mol% and 62.9 mol%, respectively. 25196145 6 0 theme Collagen 1034:1041 arg1 types 1043:1047 Collagen types I and III 1034:1057 Collagen types I and III 1034:1057 Collagen types I and III were decreased in both muscle layers of the subgroup D2. 25196145 6 0 theme Collagen 1034:1041 arg1 III 1055:1057 III 1055:1057 III 1055:1057 Collagen types I and III were decreased in both muscle layers of the subgroup D2. 25196145 6 0 theme Collagen 1034:1041 arg1 I 1049:1049 I 1049:1049 I 1049:1049 Collagen types I and III were decreased in both muscle layers of the subgroup D2. 25196145 1 1 from pregnancy 311:319 arg1 mice 324:327 mice 324:327 mice 324:327 INTRODUCTION We have previously shown that long-term type 1 diabetes affects the structural organization, contractile apparatus and extracellular matrix (ECM) of the myometrium during early pregnancy in mice. 25196145 1 2 theme extracellular 253:265 arg1 ECM 275:277 ECM 275:277 ECM 275:277 INTRODUCTION We have previously shown that long-term type 1 diabetes affects the structural organization, contractile apparatus and extracellular matrix (ECM) of the myometrium during early pregnancy in mice. 25196145 1 2 theme extracellular 253:265 arg1 matrix 267:272 extracellular matrix 253:272 extracellular matrix (ECM) 253:278 INTRODUCTION We have previously shown that long-term type 1 diabetes affects the structural organization, contractile apparatus and extracellular matrix (ECM) of the myometrium during early pregnancy in mice. 25196145 12 3 theme complications 1613:1625 arg1 progression 1589:1599 progression 1589:1599 progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium 1589:1643 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 6 4 theme D2 1112:1113 arg1 layers 1089:1094 both muscle layers 1077:1094 both muscle layers of the subgroup D2 1077:1113 Collagen types I and III were decreased in both muscle layers of the subgroup D2. 25196145 12 5 dep Subgroups 1543:1551 arg1 D1 1553:1554 D1 1553:1554 D1 1553:1554 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 12 5 dep Subgroups 1543:1551 arg1 Subgroups 1543:1551 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 1531:1561 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 1531:1561 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 12 5 dep Subgroups 1543:1551 arg1 D2 1560:1561 D2 1560:1561 D2 1560:1561 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 7 6 theme types 1162:1166 arg1 deposition 1139:1148 increased deposition 1129:1148 increased deposition of collagen types I and III 1129:1176 In addition, increased deposition of collagen types I and III and lumican as well as decreased collagen type V were observed in the connective tissue between muscle layers of D2. 25196145 7 6 theme types 1162:1166 arg1 V 1225:1225 decreased collagen type V 1201:1225 decreased collagen type V 1201:1225 In addition, increased deposition of collagen types I and III and lumican as well as decreased collagen type V were observed in the connective tissue between muscle layers of D2. 25196145 7 6 theme types 1162:1166 arg1 lumican 1182:1188 lumican 1182:1188 lumican 1182:1188 In addition, increased deposition of collagen types I and III and lumican as well as decreased collagen type V were observed in the connective tissue between muscle layers of D2. 25196145 1 7 theme long-term 164:172 arg1 diabetes 181:188 long-term type 1 diabetes 164:188 long-term type 1 diabetes 164:188 INTRODUCTION We have previously shown that long-term type 1 diabetes affects the structural organization, contractile apparatus and extracellular matrix (ECM) of the myometrium during early pregnancy in mice. 25196145 3 8 theme diabetes 701:708 arg1 induction 710:718 diabetes induction 701:718 diabetes induction 701:718 METHODS Alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic female mice were divided into subgroups D1 and D2, formed by females that bred 90-100 and 100-110 days after diabetes induction, respectively. 25196145 5 9 from types 982:986 arg1 IML 1028:1030 IML 1028:1030 IML 1028:1030 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 5 9 from types 982:986 arg1 layer 1021:1025 the internal muscle layer 1001:1025 the internal muscle layer (IML) 1001:1031 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 12 10 from stages 1579:1584 arg1 myometrium 1634:1643 the myometrium 1630:1643 the myometrium 1630:1643 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 1 11 theme structural 202:211 arg1 organization 213:224 structural organization 202:224 structural organization 202:224 INTRODUCTION We have previously shown that long-term type 1 diabetes affects the structural organization, contractile apparatus and extracellular matrix (ECM) of the myometrium during early pregnancy in mice. 25196145 7 12 theme muscle 1274:1279 arg1 layers 1281:1286 muscle layers 1274:1286 muscle layers of D2 1274:1292 In addition, increased deposition of collagen types I and III and lumican as well as decreased collagen type V were observed in the connective tissue between muscle layers of D2. 25196145 10 13 theme muscle 1472:1477 arg1 layers 1479:1484 muscle layers 1472:1484 muscle layers of D2 1472:1490 In contrast, decorin deposition diminished only in muscle layers of D2. 25196145 5 14 theme types 908:912 arg1 deposition 885:894 decreased deposition 875:894 decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML) 875:1031 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 5 15 theme internal 1005:1012 arg1 IML 1028:1030 IML 1028:1030 IML 1028:1030 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 5 15 theme internal 1005:1012 arg1 layer 1021:1025 the internal muscle layer 1001:1025 the internal muscle layer (IML) 1001:1031 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 7 16 theme collagen 1153:1160 arg1 types 1162:1166 collagen types I and III 1153:1176 collagen types I and III 1153:1176 In addition, increased deposition of collagen types I and III and lumican as well as decreased collagen type V were observed in the connective tissue between muscle layers of D2. 25196145 7 16 theme collagen 1153:1160 arg1 III 1174:1176 III 1174:1176 III 1174:1176 In addition, increased deposition of collagen types I and III and lumican as well as decreased collagen type V were observed in the connective tissue between muscle layers of D2. 25196145 7 16 theme collagen 1153:1160 arg1 I 1168:1168 I 1168:1168 I 1168:1168 In addition, increased deposition of collagen types I and III and lumican as well as decreased collagen type V were observed in the connective tissue between muscle layers of D2. 25196145 3 17 theme diabetic 583:590 arg1 mice 599:602 type 1 diabetic female mice 576:602 type 1 diabetic female mice 576:602 METHODS Alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic female mice were divided into subgroups D1 and D2, formed by females that bred 90-100 and 100-110 days after diabetes induction, respectively. 25196145 5 18 theme decreased 875:883 arg1 deposition 885:894 decreased deposition 875:894 decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML) 875:1031 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 0 19 theme proteoglycans 65:77 arg1 deposition 37:46 the deposition 33:46 the deposition of collagens and proteoglycans in the early pregnant myometrium of mice 33:118 Long-term type 1 diabetes alters the deposition of collagens and proteoglycans in the early pregnant myometrium of mice. 25196145 5 20 from deposition 885:894 arg1 IML 1028:1030 IML 1028:1030 IML 1028:1030 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 5 20 from deposition 885:894 arg1 layer 1021:1025 the internal muscle layer 1001:1025 the internal muscle layer (IML) 1001:1031 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 0 21 from deposition 37:46 arg1 myometrium 101:110 the early pregnant myometrium 82:110 the early pregnant myometrium of mice 82:118 Long-term type 1 diabetes alters the deposition of collagens and proteoglycans in the early pregnant myometrium of mice. 25196145 2 22 theme ECM 386:388 arg1 components 390:399 myometrial ECM components 375:399 myometrial ECM components 375:399 OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify which myometrial ECM components are affected by diabetes, including fibril-forming collagen types I, III and V, as well as proteoglycans, decorin, lumican, fibromodulin and biglycan. 25196145 0 23 theme pregnant 92:99 arg1 myometrium 101:110 the early pregnant myometrium 82:110 the early pregnant myometrium of mice 82:118 Long-term type 1 diabetes alters the deposition of collagens and proteoglycans in the early pregnant myometrium of mice. 25196145 5 24 from I 914:914 arg1 layer 947:951 the external muscle layer 927:951 the external muscle layer (EML) 927:957 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 5 24 from I 914:914 arg1 EML 954:956 EML 954:956 EML 954:956 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 2 25 theme fibril-forming 437:450 arg1 V 478:478 V 478:478 V 478:478 OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify which myometrial ECM components are affected by diabetes, including fibril-forming collagen types I, III and V, as well as proteoglycans, decorin, lumican, fibromodulin and biglycan. 25196145 2 25 theme fibril-forming 437:450 arg1 types 461:465 fibril-forming collagen types I, III and V 437:478 fibril-forming collagen types I, III and V 437:478 OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify which myometrial ECM components are affected by diabetes, including fibril-forming collagen types I, III and V, as well as proteoglycans, decorin, lumican, fibromodulin and biglycan. 25196145 2 25 theme fibril-forming 437:450 arg1 III 470:472 III 470:472 III 470:472 OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify which myometrial ECM components are affected by diabetes, including fibril-forming collagen types I, III and V, as well as proteoglycans, decorin, lumican, fibromodulin and biglycan. 25196145 2 25 theme fibril-forming 437:450 arg1 I 467:467 I 467:467 I 467:467 OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify which myometrial ECM components are affected by diabetes, including fibril-forming collagen types I, III and V, as well as proteoglycans, decorin, lumican, fibromodulin and biglycan. 25196145 0 26 theme Long-term 0:8 arg1 diabetes 17:24 Long-term type 1 diabetes 0:24 Long-term type 1 diabetes 0:24 Long-term type 1 diabetes alters the deposition of collagens and proteoglycans in the early pregnant myometrium of mice. 25196145 2 27 dep OBJECTIVE 330:338 arg1 aimed 351:355 aimed 351:355 aimed to identify which myometrial ECM components are affected by diabetes, including fibril-forming collagen types I, III and V, as well as proteoglycans, decorin, lumican, fibromodulin and biglycan 351:549 OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify which myometrial ECM components are affected by diabetes, including fibril-forming collagen types I, III and V, as well as proteoglycans, decorin, lumican, fibromodulin and biglycan. 25196145 12 28 theme ECM 1711:1713 arg1 composition 1715:1725 the ECM composition 1707:1725 the ECM composition 1707:1725 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 5 29 theme external 931:938 arg1 layer 947:951 the external muscle layer 927:951 the external muscle layer (EML) 927:957 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 5 29 theme external 931:938 arg1 EML 954:956 EML 954:956 EML 954:956 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 7 30 theme type 1220:1223 arg1 V 1225:1225 decreased collagen type V 1201:1225 decreased collagen type V 1201:1225 In addition, increased deposition of collagen types I and III and lumican as well as decreased collagen type V were observed in the connective tissue between muscle layers of D2. 25196145 1 31 theme myometrium 287:296 arg1 organization 213:224 structural organization 202:224 structural organization 202:224 INTRODUCTION We have previously shown that long-term type 1 diabetes affects the structural organization, contractile apparatus and extracellular matrix (ECM) of the myometrium during early pregnancy in mice. 25196145 1 31 theme myometrium 287:296 arg1 apparatus 239:247 contractile apparatus 227:247 contractile apparatus 227:247 INTRODUCTION We have previously shown that long-term type 1 diabetes affects the structural organization, contractile apparatus and extracellular matrix (ECM) of the myometrium during early pregnancy in mice. 25196145 1 31 theme myometrium 287:296 arg1 matrix 267:272 extracellular matrix 253:272 extracellular matrix (ECM) 253:278 INTRODUCTION We have previously shown that long-term type 1 diabetes affects the structural organization, contractile apparatus and extracellular matrix (ECM) of the myometrium during early pregnancy in mice. 25196145 1 31 theme myometrium 287:296 arg1 ECM 275:277 ECM 275:277 ECM 275:277 INTRODUCTION We have previously shown that long-term type 1 diabetes affects the structural organization, contractile apparatus and extracellular matrix (ECM) of the myometrium during early pregnancy in mice. 25196145 7 32 theme decreased 1201:1209 arg1 V 1225:1225 decreased collagen type V 1201:1225 decreased collagen type V 1201:1225 In addition, increased deposition of collagen types I and III and lumican as well as decreased collagen type V were observed in the connective tissue between muscle layers of D2. 25196145 0 33 theme collagens 51:59 arg1 deposition 37:46 the deposition 33:46 the deposition of collagens and proteoglycans in the early pregnant myometrium of mice 33:118 Long-term type 1 diabetes alters the deposition of collagens and proteoglycans in the early pregnant myometrium of mice. 25196145 5 34 dep RESULTS 844:850 arg1 showed 868:873 showed 868:873 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML) 868:1031 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 8 35 dep subgroups 1335:1343 arg1 D1 1345:1346 D1 1345:1346 D1 1345:1346 Lumican was decreased in the EML of the subgroups D1 and D2. 25196145 8 35 dep subgroups 1335:1343 arg1 subgroups 1335:1343 the subgroups D1 and D2 1331:1353 the subgroups D1 and D2 1331:1353 Lumican was decreased in the EML of the subgroups D1 and D2. 25196145 8 35 dep subgroups 1335:1343 arg1 D2 1352:1353 D2 1352:1353 D2 1352:1353 Lumican was decreased in the EML of the subgroups D1 and D2. 25196145 4 36 theme components 757:766 arg1 deposition 739:748 The deposition 735:748 The deposition of ECM components in the myometrium 735:784 The deposition of ECM components in the myometrium was evaluated by immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence. 25196145 1 37 theme contractile 227:237 arg1 apparatus 239:247 contractile apparatus 227:247 contractile apparatus 227:247 INTRODUCTION We have previously shown that long-term type 1 diabetes affects the structural organization, contractile apparatus and extracellular matrix (ECM) of the myometrium during early pregnancy in mice. 25196145 5 38 theme collagen 973:980 arg1 types 982:986 decreased collagen types III and V 963:996 types 982:986 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 10 39 theme decorin 1434:1440 arg1 deposition 1442:1451 decorin deposition 1434:1451 decorin deposition 1434:1451 In contrast, decorin deposition diminished only in muscle layers of D2. 25196145 6 40 theme subgroup 1103:1110 arg1 D2 1112:1113 the subgroup D2 1099:1113 the subgroup D2 1099:1113 Collagen types I and III were decreased in both muscle layers of the subgroup D2. 25196145 1 41 theme type 174:177 arg1 diabetes 181:188 long-term type 1 diabetes 164:188 long-term type 1 diabetes 164:188 INTRODUCTION We have previously shown that long-term type 1 diabetes affects the structural organization, contractile apparatus and extracellular matrix (ECM) of the myometrium during early pregnancy in mice. 25196145 12 42 theme progression 1589:1599 arg1 stages 1579:1584 distinct stages 1570:1584 distinct stages 1570:1584 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 1 43 theme early 305:309 arg1 pregnancy 311:319 early pregnancy 305:319 early pregnancy in mice 305:327 INTRODUCTION We have previously shown that long-term type 1 diabetes affects the structural organization, contractile apparatus and extracellular matrix (ECM) of the myometrium during early pregnancy in mice. 25196145 5 44 theme subgroup 856:863 arg1 D1 865:866 The subgroup D1 852:866 The subgroup D1 852:866 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 12 45 theme diabetic 1604:1611 arg1 complications 1613:1625 diabetic complications 1604:1625 diabetic complications 1604:1625 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 6 46 theme muscle 1082:1087 arg1 layers 1089:1094 both muscle layers 1077:1094 both muscle layers of the subgroup D2 1077:1113 Collagen types I and III were decreased in both muscle layers of the subgroup D2. 25196145 0 47 theme mice 115:118 arg1 myometrium 101:110 the early pregnant myometrium 82:110 the early pregnant myometrium of mice 82:118 Long-term type 1 diabetes alters the deposition of collagens and proteoglycans in the early pregnant myometrium of mice. 25196145 12 48 from composition 1715:1725 arg1 changes 1696:1702 changes 1696:1702 changes in the ECM composition 1696:1725 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 12 48 from composition 1715:1725 arg1 sets 1688:1691 both common and specific sets 1663:1691 both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition 1663:1725 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 8 49 theme subgroups 1335:1343 arg1 EML 1324:1326 the EML 1320:1326 the EML of the subgroups D1 and D2 1320:1353 Lumican was decreased in the EML of the subgroups D1 and D2. 25196145 10 50 theme D2 1489:1490 arg1 layers 1479:1484 muscle layers 1472:1484 muscle layers of D2 1472:1490 In contrast, decorin deposition diminished only in muscle layers of D2. 25196145 1 51 dep organization 213:224 arg1 the 198:200 the 198:200 the 198:200 INTRODUCTION We have previously shown that long-term type 1 diabetes affects the structural organization, contractile apparatus and extracellular matrix (ECM) of the myometrium during early pregnancy in mice. 25196145 7 52 theme D2 1291:1292 arg1 layers 1281:1286 muscle layers 1274:1286 muscle layers of D2 1274:1292 In addition, increased deposition of collagen types I and III and lumican as well as decreased collagen type V were observed in the connective tissue between muscle layers of D2. 25196145 5 53 theme collagen 899:906 arg1 types 908:912 collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML) 899:1031 types 908:912 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 5 53 theme collagen 899:906 arg1 III 920:922 III 920:922 III 920:922 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 5 53 theme collagen 899:906 arg1 I 914:914 I 914:914 I 914:914 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 12 54 from changes 1696:1702 arg1 composition 1715:1725 the ECM composition 1707:1725 the ECM composition 1707:1725 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 7 55 located observed 1232:1239 arg1 addition 1119:1126 addition 1119:1126 addition 1119:1126 In addition, increased deposition of collagen types I and III and lumican as well as decreased collagen type V were observed in the connective tissue between muscle layers of D2. 25196145 7 55 located observed 1232:1239 arg1 tissue 1259:1264 the connective tissue 1244:1264 the connective tissue 1244:1264 In addition, increased deposition of collagen types I and III and lumican as well as decreased collagen type V were observed in the connective tissue between muscle layers of D2. 25196145 7 55 located observed 1232:1239 arg2 deposition 1139:1148 increased deposition 1129:1148 increased deposition of collagen types I and III 1129:1176 In addition, increased deposition of collagen types I and III and lumican as well as decreased collagen type V were observed in the connective tissue between muscle layers of D2. 25196145 7 55 located observed 1232:1239 arg2 lumican 1182:1188 lumican 1182:1188 lumican 1182:1188 In addition, increased deposition of collagen types I and III and lumican as well as decreased collagen type V were observed in the connective tissue between muscle layers of D2. 25196145 7 55 located observed 1232:1239 arg2 V 1225:1225 decreased collagen type V 1201:1225 decreased collagen type V 1201:1225 In addition, increased deposition of collagen types I and III and lumican as well as decreased collagen type V were observed in the connective tissue between muscle layers of D2. 25196145 3 56 theme female 592:597 arg1 mice 599:602 type 1 diabetic female mice 576:602 type 1 diabetic female mice 576:602 METHODS Alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic female mice were divided into subgroups D1 and D2, formed by females that bred 90-100 and 100-110 days after diabetes induction, respectively. 25196145 9 57 theme D1 1410:1411 arg1 EML 1398:1400 EML 1398:1400 EML 1398:1400 Fibromodulin was repressed in the IML and EML of both D1 and D2. 25196145 9 57 theme D1 1410:1411 arg1 IML 1390:1392 IML 1390:1392 IML 1390:1392 Fibromodulin was repressed in the IML and EML of both D1 and D2. 25196145 5 58 theme muscle 1014:1019 arg1 IML 1028:1030 IML 1028:1030 IML 1028:1030 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 5 58 theme muscle 1014:1019 arg1 layer 1021:1025 the internal muscle layer 1001:1025 the internal muscle layer (IML) 1001:1031 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 12 59 theme distinct 1570:1577 arg1 stages 1579:1584 distinct stages 1570:1584 distinct stages 1570:1584 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 7 60 theme connective 1248:1257 arg1 tissue 1259:1264 the connective tissue 1244:1264 the connective tissue 1244:1264 In addition, increased deposition of collagen types I and III and lumican as well as decreased collagen type V were observed in the connective tissue between muscle layers of D2. 25196145 7 61 theme increased 1129:1137 arg1 deposition 1139:1148 increased deposition 1129:1148 increased deposition of collagen types I and III 1129:1176 In addition, increased deposition of collagen types I and III and lumican as well as decreased collagen type V were observed in the connective tissue between muscle layers of D2. 25196145 2 62 dep types 461:465 arg1 V 478:478 V 478:478 V 478:478 OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify which myometrial ECM components are affected by diabetes, including fibril-forming collagen types I, III and V, as well as proteoglycans, decorin, lumican, fibromodulin and biglycan. 25196145 2 62 dep types 461:465 arg1 types 461:465 fibril-forming collagen types I, III and V 437:478 fibril-forming collagen types I, III and V 437:478 OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify which myometrial ECM components are affected by diabetes, including fibril-forming collagen types I, III and V, as well as proteoglycans, decorin, lumican, fibromodulin and biglycan. 25196145 2 62 dep types 461:465 arg1 III 470:472 III 470:472 III 470:472 OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify which myometrial ECM components are affected by diabetes, including fibril-forming collagen types I, III and V, as well as proteoglycans, decorin, lumican, fibromodulin and biglycan. 25196145 2 62 dep types 461:465 arg1 I 467:467 I 467:467 I 467:467 OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify which myometrial ECM components are affected by diabetes, including fibril-forming collagen types I, III and V, as well as proteoglycans, decorin, lumican, fibromodulin and biglycan. 25196145 4 63 from deposition 739:748 arg1 myometrium 775:784 the myometrium 771:784 the myometrium 771:784 The deposition of ECM components in the myometrium was evaluated by immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence. 25196145 12 64 theme CONCLUSIONS 1531:1541 arg1 D1 1553:1554 D1 1553:1554 D1 1553:1554 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 12 64 theme CONCLUSIONS 1531:1541 arg1 Subgroups 1543:1551 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 1531:1561 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 1531:1561 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 12 64 theme CONCLUSIONS 1531:1541 arg1 D2 1560:1561 D2 1560:1561 D2 1560:1561 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 0 65 theme early 86:90 arg1 myometrium 101:110 the early pregnant myometrium 82:110 the early pregnant myometrium of mice 82:118 Long-term type 1 diabetes alters the deposition of collagens and proteoglycans in the early pregnant myometrium of mice. 25196145 5 66 theme muscle 940:945 arg1 layer 947:951 the external muscle layer 927:951 the external muscle layer (EML) 927:957 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 5 66 theme muscle 940:945 arg1 EML 954:956 EML 954:956 EML 954:956 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 1 67 dep INTRODUCTION 121:132 arg1 shown 153:157 shown 153:157 have previously shown that long-term type 1 diabetes affects the structural organization, contractile apparatus and extracellular matrix (ECM) of the myometrium during early pregnancy in mice 137:327 INTRODUCTION We have previously shown that long-term type 1 diabetes affects the structural organization, contractile apparatus and extracellular matrix (ECM) of the myometrium during early pregnancy in mice. 25196145 5 68 from layer 1021:1025 arg1 deposition 885:894 decreased deposition 875:894 decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML) 875:1031 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 9 69 theme D2 1417:1418 arg1 EML 1398:1400 EML 1398:1400 EML 1398:1400 Fibromodulin was repressed in the IML and EML of both D1 and D2. 25196145 9 69 theme D2 1417:1418 arg1 IML 1390:1392 IML 1390:1392 IML 1390:1392 Fibromodulin was repressed in the IML and EML of both D1 and D2. 25196145 12 70 from myometrium 1634:1643 arg1 stages 1579:1584 distinct stages 1570:1584 distinct stages 1570:1584 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 5 71 dep types 908:912 arg1 types 908:912 collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML) 899:1031 types 908:912 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 5 71 dep types 908:912 arg1 III 920:922 III 920:922 III 920:922 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 5 71 dep types 908:912 arg1 I 914:914 I 914:914 I 914:914 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 2 72 theme myometrial 375:384 arg1 components 390:399 myometrial ECM components 375:399 myometrial ECM components 375:399 OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify which myometrial ECM components are affected by diabetes, including fibril-forming collagen types I, III and V, as well as proteoglycans, decorin, lumican, fibromodulin and biglycan. 25196145 0 73 theme type 10:13 arg1 diabetes 17:24 Long-term type 1 diabetes 0:24 Long-term type 1 diabetes 0:24 Long-term type 1 diabetes alters the deposition of collagens and proteoglycans in the early pregnant myometrium of mice. 25196145 7 74 dep types 1162:1166 arg1 types 1162:1166 collagen types I and III 1153:1176 collagen types I and III 1153:1176 In addition, increased deposition of collagen types I and III and lumican as well as decreased collagen type V were observed in the connective tissue between muscle layers of D2. 25196145 7 74 dep types 1162:1166 arg1 III 1174:1176 III 1174:1176 III 1174:1176 In addition, increased deposition of collagen types I and III and lumican as well as decreased collagen type V were observed in the connective tissue between muscle layers of D2. 25196145 7 74 dep types 1162:1166 arg1 I 1168:1168 I 1168:1168 I 1168:1168 In addition, increased deposition of collagen types I and III and lumican as well as decreased collagen type V were observed in the connective tissue between muscle layers of D2. 25196145 5 75 from types 908:912 arg1 IML 1028:1030 IML 1028:1030 IML 1028:1030 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 5 75 from types 908:912 arg1 layer 1021:1025 the internal muscle layer 1001:1025 the internal muscle layer (IML) 1001:1031 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 7 76 theme collagen 1211:1218 arg1 V 1225:1225 decreased collagen type V 1201:1225 decreased collagen type V 1201:1225 In addition, increased deposition of collagen types I and III and lumican as well as decreased collagen type V were observed in the connective tissue between muscle layers of D2. 25196145 5 77 theme types 982:986 arg1 deposition 885:894 decreased deposition 875:894 decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML) 875:1031 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 12 78 from progression 1589:1599 arg1 myometrium 1634:1643 the myometrium 1630:1643 the myometrium 1630:1643 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 12 79 theme changes 1696:1702 arg1 changes 1696:1702 changes 1696:1702 changes in the ECM composition 1696:1725 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 12 79 theme changes 1696:1702 arg1 sets 1688:1691 both common and specific sets 1663:1691 both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition 1663:1725 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 12 80 theme common 1668:1673 arg1 changes 1696:1702 changes 1696:1702 changes in the ECM composition 1696:1725 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 12 80 theme common 1668:1673 arg1 sets 1688:1691 both common and specific sets 1663:1691 both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition 1663:1725 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 12 81 from sets 1688:1691 arg1 composition 1715:1725 the ECM composition 1707:1725 the ECM composition 1707:1725 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 2 82 theme collagen 452:459 arg1 V 478:478 V 478:478 V 478:478 OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify which myometrial ECM components are affected by diabetes, including fibril-forming collagen types I, III and V, as well as proteoglycans, decorin, lumican, fibromodulin and biglycan. 25196145 2 82 theme collagen 452:459 arg1 types 461:465 fibril-forming collagen types I, III and V 437:478 fibril-forming collagen types I, III and V 437:478 OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify which myometrial ECM components are affected by diabetes, including fibril-forming collagen types I, III and V, as well as proteoglycans, decorin, lumican, fibromodulin and biglycan. 25196145 2 82 theme collagen 452:459 arg1 III 470:472 III 470:472 III 470:472 OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify which myometrial ECM components are affected by diabetes, including fibril-forming collagen types I, III and V, as well as proteoglycans, decorin, lumican, fibromodulin and biglycan. 25196145 2 82 theme collagen 452:459 arg1 I 467:467 I 467:467 I 467:467 OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify which myometrial ECM components are affected by diabetes, including fibril-forming collagen types I, III and V, as well as proteoglycans, decorin, lumican, fibromodulin and biglycan. 25196145 6 83 dep types 1043:1047 arg1 types 1043:1047 Collagen types I and III 1034:1057 Collagen types I and III 1034:1057 Collagen types I and III were decreased in both muscle layers of the subgroup D2. 25196145 6 83 dep types 1043:1047 arg1 III 1055:1057 III 1055:1057 III 1055:1057 Collagen types I and III were decreased in both muscle layers of the subgroup D2. 25196145 6 83 dep types 1043:1047 arg1 I 1049:1049 I 1049:1049 I 1049:1049 Collagen types I and III were decreased in both muscle layers of the subgroup D2. 25196145 12 84 theme specific 1679:1686 arg1 changes 1696:1702 changes 1696:1702 changes in the ECM composition 1696:1725 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 12 84 theme specific 1679:1686 arg1 sets 1688:1691 both common and specific sets 1663:1691 both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition 1663:1725 CONCLUSIONS Subgroups D1 and D2 showed distinct stages of progression of diabetic complications in the myometrium, characterized by both common and specific sets of changes in the ECM composition. 25196145 3 85 dep divided 609:615 arg1 formed 643:648 formed 643:648 formed by females that bred 90-100 and 100-110 days after diabetes induction, respectively 643:732 METHODS Alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic female mice were divided into subgroups D1 and D2, formed by females that bred 90-100 and 100-110 days after diabetes induction, respectively. 25196145 5 86 theme decreased 963:971 arg1 types 982:986 decreased collagen types III and V 963:996 types 982:986 RESULTS The subgroup D1 showed decreased deposition of collagen types I and III in the external muscle layer (EML) and decreased collagen types III and V in the internal muscle layer (IML). 25196145 4 87 theme ECM 753:755 arg1 components 757:766 ECM components 753:766 ECM components 753:766 The deposition of ECM components in the myometrium was evaluated by immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence. 25196145 3 88 dep subgroups 622:630 arg1 subgroups 622:630 subgroups D1 and D2 622:640 subgroups D1 and D2 622:640 METHODS Alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic female mice were divided into subgroups D1 and D2, formed by females that bred 90-100 and 100-110 days after diabetes induction, respectively. 25196145 3 88 dep subgroups 622:630 arg1 D2 639:640 D2 639:640 D2 639:640 METHODS Alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic female mice were divided into subgroups D1 and D2, formed by females that bred 90-100 and 100-110 days after diabetes induction, respectively. 25196145 3 88 dep subgroups 622:630 arg1 D1 632:633 D1 632:633 D1 632:633 METHODS Alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic female mice were divided into subgroups D1 and D2, formed by females that bred 90-100 and 100-110 days after diabetes induction, respectively. 24893943 6 0 theme fatty 793:797 arg1 acids 799:803 Major fatty acids 787:803 Major fatty acids 787:803 Major fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0), C(17 : 1)ω9c and anteiso-C(17 : 0). 24893943 10 1 from species 1431:1437 arg1 Micromonosporaceae 1468:1485 the family Micromonosporaceae 1457:1485 the family Micromonosporaceae 1457:1485 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain K12-0602(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. 24893943 9 2 theme unknown 1156:1162 arg1 acid 1244:1247 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid 1216:1247 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid using instrumental analyses, including NMR and mass spectrometry 1216:1312 Analyses of the cell-wall peptidoglycan by TLC and LC/MS showed that it was composed of alanine, glycine, hydroxylglutamic acid and an unknown amino acid, which was subsequently determined to be 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid using instrumental analyses, including NMR and mass spectrometry. 24893943 9 2 theme unknown 1156:1162 arg1 acid 1170:1173 an unknown amino acid 1153:1173 an unknown amino acid 1153:1173 Analyses of the cell-wall peptidoglycan by TLC and LC/MS showed that it was composed of alanine, glycine, hydroxylglutamic acid and an unknown amino acid, which was subsequently determined to be 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid using instrumental analyses, including NMR and mass spectrometry. 24893943 4 3 theme whole-cell 714:723 arg1 hydrolysate 725:735 the whole-cell hydrolysate 710:735 the whole-cell hydrolysate 710:735 MK-9 (H4) and MK-9 (H6) were detected as major menaquinones, and galactose, xylose, mannose and ribose were present in the whole-cell hydrolysate. 24893943 10 4 from genus 1448:1452 arg1 Micromonosporaceae 1468:1485 the family Micromonosporaceae 1457:1485 the family Micromonosporaceae 1457:1485 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain K12-0602(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. 24893943 3 5 with relationship 349:360 arg1 members 367:373 members 367:373 members of the family Micromonosporaceae 367:406 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 2 6 theme orientalis 246:255 arg1 plant 257:261 a Helleborus orientalis plant 233:261 a Helleborus orientalis plant in Japan 233:270 An actinomycete strain, K12-0602(T), was isolated from the root of a Helleborus orientalis plant in Japan. 24893943 5 7 theme acyl 742:745 arg1 glycolyl 777:784 glycolyl 777:784 glycolyl 777:784 The acyl type of the peptidoglycan was glycolyl. 24893943 5 7 theme acyl 742:745 arg1 type 747:750 The acyl type 738:750 The acyl type of the peptidoglycan 738:771 The acyl type of the peptidoglycan was glycolyl. 24893943 8 8 theme mol 1015:1017 arg1 content 981:987 The G+C content 973:987 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 973:1006 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67 mol%. 24893943 8 8 theme mol 1015:1017 arg1 % 1018:1018 67 mol% 1012:1018 67 mol% 1012:1018 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67 mol%. 24893943 10 9 theme gen. 1527:1530 arg1 nov. 1532:1535 the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov. 1498:1535 the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov. 1498:1535 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain K12-0602(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. 24893943 8 10 theme G+C 977:979 arg1 % 1018:1018 67 mol% 1012:1018 67 mol% 1012:1018 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67 mol%. 24893943 8 10 theme G+C 977:979 arg1 content 981:987 The G+C content 973:987 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 973:1006 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67 mol%. 24893943 10 11 from Micromonosporaceae 1468:1485 arg1 species 1431:1437 a novel species 1423:1437 a novel species 1423:1437 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain K12-0602(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. 24893943 10 12 dep sp 1538:1539 arg1 nov. 1532:1535 the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov. 1498:1535 the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov. 1498:1535 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain K12-0602(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. 24893943 10 13 theme phylogenetic 1335:1346 arg1 analysis 1348:1355 the phylogenetic analysis 1331:1355 the phylogenetic analysis 1331:1355 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain K12-0602(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. 24893943 13 14 theme bacterial 1760:1768 arg1 peptidoglycan 1780:1792 bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan 1760:1792 bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan 1760:1792 This is the first report, to our knowledge, of 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid being found as a diamino acid in bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24893943 10 15 theme Rhizocola 1507:1515 arg1 nov. 1532:1535 the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov. 1498:1535 the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov. 1498:1535 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain K12-0602(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. 24893943 12 16 theme  = DSM 1629:1634 arg1 45988 1636:1640  = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988 1612:1640  = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988(T) 1612:1643 The type strain of the type species is K12-0602(T) ( = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988(T)). 24893943 12 16 theme  = DSM 1629:1634 arg1 T 1642:1642 T 1642:1642 T 1642:1642 The type strain of the type species is K12-0602(T) ( = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988(T)). 24893943 10 17 theme strain 1393:1398 arg1 T 1409:1409 T 1409:1409 T 1409:1409 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain K12-0602(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. 24893943 10 17 theme strain 1393:1398 arg1 K12-0602 1400:1407 strain K12-0602 1393:1407 strain K12-0602(T) 1393:1410 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain K12-0602(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. 24893943 1 18 contain containing 90:99 arg1 Micromonosporaceae 71:88 the family Micromonosporaceae 60:88 the family Micromonosporaceae containing 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 60:163 nov., an actinomycete of the family Micromonosporaceae containing 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24893943 1 18 contain containing 90:99 arg2 acid 129:132 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid 101:132 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid 101:132 nov., an actinomycete of the family Micromonosporaceae containing 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24893943 3 19 theme genera 523:528 arg1 strains 493:499 type strains 488:499 type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae 488:571 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 3 19 theme genera 523:528 arg1 strain 465:470 strain K12-0602 465:479 strain K12-0602(T) 465:482 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 3 19 theme genera 523:528 arg1 T 481:481 T 481:481 T 481:481 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 9 20 theme 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic 1216:1242 arg1 acid 1244:1247 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid 1216:1247 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid using instrumental analyses, including NMR and mass spectrometry 1216:1312 Analyses of the cell-wall peptidoglycan by TLC and LC/MS showed that it was composed of alanine, glycine, hydroxylglutamic acid and an unknown amino acid, which was subsequently determined to be 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid using instrumental analyses, including NMR and mass spectrometry. 24893943 9 20 theme 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic 1216:1242 arg1 acid 1170:1173 an unknown amino acid 1153:1173 an unknown amino acid 1153:1173 Analyses of the cell-wall peptidoglycan by TLC and LC/MS showed that it was composed of alanine, glycine, hydroxylglutamic acid and an unknown amino acid, which was subsequently determined to be 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid using instrumental analyses, including NMR and mass spectrometry. 24893943 8 21 theme genomic 996:1002 arg1 DNA 1004:1006 the genomic DNA 992:1006 the genomic DNA 992:1006 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67 mol%. 24893943 3 22 theme 16S 277:279 arg1 rRNA 281:284 The 16S rRNA 273:284 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) 273:320 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 2 23 from plant 257:261 arg1 Japan 266:270 Japan 266:270 Japan 266:270 An actinomycete strain, K12-0602(T), was isolated from the root of a Helleborus orientalis plant in Japan. 24893943 3 24 theme family 547:552 arg1 Micromonosporaceae 554:571 the family Micromonosporaceae 543:571 the family Micromonosporaceae 543:571 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 2 25 from Japan 266:270 arg1 root 225:228 the root 221:228 the root of a Helleborus orientalis plant in Japan 221:270 An actinomycete strain, K12-0602(T), was isolated from the root of a Helleborus orientalis plant in Japan. 24893943 4 26 attach present 699:705 arg1 hydrolysate 725:735 the whole-cell hydrolysate 710:735 the whole-cell hydrolysate 710:735 MK-9 (H4) and MK-9 (H6) were detected as major menaquinones, and galactose, xylose, mannose and ribose were present in the whole-cell hydrolysate. 24893943 4 26 attach present 699:705 arg2 xylose 667:672 xylose 667:672 xylose 667:672 MK-9 (H4) and MK-9 (H6) were detected as major menaquinones, and galactose, xylose, mannose and ribose were present in the whole-cell hydrolysate. 24893943 4 26 attach present 699:705 arg2 galactose 656:664 galactose 656:664 galactose 656:664 MK-9 (H4) and MK-9 (H6) were detected as major menaquinones, and galactose, xylose, mannose and ribose were present in the whole-cell hydrolysate. 24893943 4 26 attach present 699:705 arg2 ribose 687:692 ribose 687:692 ribose 687:692 MK-9 (H4) and MK-9 (H6) were detected as major menaquinones, and galactose, xylose, mannose and ribose were present in the whole-cell hydrolysate. 24893943 4 26 attach present 699:705 arg2 mannose 675:681 mannose 675:681 mannose 675:681 MK-9 (H4) and MK-9 (H6) were detected as major menaquinones, and galactose, xylose, mannose and ribose were present in the whole-cell hydrolysate. 24893943 13 27 theme acid 1722:1725 arg1 This 1647:1650 This 1647:1650 This 1647:1650 This is the first report, to our knowledge, of 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid being found as a diamino acid in bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24893943 13 27 theme acid 1722:1725 arg1 report 1665:1670 the first report 1655:1670 the first report 1655:1670 This is the first report, to our knowledge, of 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid being found as a diamino acid in bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24893943 5 28 theme peptidoglycan 759:771 arg1 glycolyl 777:784 glycolyl 777:784 glycolyl 777:784 The acyl type of the peptidoglycan was glycolyl. 24893943 5 28 theme peptidoglycan 759:771 arg1 type 747:750 The acyl type 738:750 The acyl type of the peptidoglycan 738:771 The acyl type of the peptidoglycan was glycolyl. 24893943 3 29 theme gene 286:289 arg1 sequence 291:298 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 273:298 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) 273:320 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 9 30 theme peptidoglycan 1047:1059 arg1 Analyses 1021:1028 Analyses 1021:1028 Analyses of the cell-wall peptidoglycan by TLC and LC/MS 1021:1076 Analyses of the cell-wall peptidoglycan by TLC and LC/MS showed that it was composed of alanine, glycine, hydroxylglutamic acid and an unknown amino acid, which was subsequently determined to be 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid using instrumental analyses, including NMR and mass spectrometry. 24893943 12 31 theme  = NBRC 1612:1618 arg1 45988 1636:1640  = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988 1612:1640  = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988(T) 1612:1643 The type strain of the type species is K12-0602(T) ( = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988(T)). 24893943 12 31 theme  = NBRC 1612:1618 arg1 T 1642:1642 T 1642:1642 T 1642:1642 The type strain of the type species is K12-0602(T) ( = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988(T)). 24893943 2 32 attach isolated 207:214 arg2 K12-0602 190:197 K12-0602 190:197 K12-0602(T) 190:200 An actinomycete strain, K12-0602(T), was isolated from the root of a Helleborus orientalis plant in Japan. 24893943 2 32 attach isolated 207:214 arg1 root 225:228 the root 221:228 the root of a Helleborus orientalis plant in Japan 221:270 An actinomycete strain, K12-0602(T), was isolated from the root of a Helleborus orientalis plant in Japan. 24893943 2 32 attach isolated 207:214 arg2 strain 182:187 An actinomycete strain 166:187 An actinomycete strain 166:187 An actinomycete strain, K12-0602(T), was isolated from the root of a Helleborus orientalis plant in Japan. 24893943 3 33 theme K12-0602 310:317 arg1 sequence 291:298 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 273:298 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) 273:320 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 0 34 theme Rhizocola 0:8 arg1 nov. 25:28 Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov. 0:28 Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov. 0:28 Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. 24893943 1 35 theme family 64:69 arg1 Micromonosporaceae 71:88 the family Micromonosporaceae 60:88 the family Micromonosporaceae containing 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 60:163 nov., an actinomycete of the family Micromonosporaceae containing 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24893943 0 36 theme gen. 20:23 arg1 nov. 25:28 Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov. 0:28 Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov. 0:28 Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. 24893943 12 37 theme type 1583:1586 arg1 species 1588:1594 the type species 1579:1594 the type species 1579:1594 The type strain of the type species is K12-0602(T) ( = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988(T)). 24893943 3 38 theme Micromonosporaceae 389:406 arg1 members 367:373 members 367:373 members of the family Micromonosporaceae 367:406 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 10 39 theme novel 1425:1429 arg1 species 1431:1437 a novel species 1423:1437 a novel species 1423:1437 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain K12-0602(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. 24893943 2 40 theme actinomycete 169:180 arg1 K12-0602 190:197 K12-0602 190:197 K12-0602(T) 190:200 An actinomycete strain, K12-0602(T), was isolated from the root of a Helleborus orientalis plant in Japan. 24893943 2 40 theme actinomycete 169:180 arg1 strain 182:187 An actinomycete strain 166:187 An actinomycete strain 166:187 An actinomycete strain, K12-0602(T), was isolated from the root of a Helleborus orientalis plant in Japan. 24893943 3 41 theme sequence 430:437 arg1 similarity 439:448 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 412:448 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae 412:571 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 12 42 theme type 1564:1567 arg1 strain 1569:1574 The type strain 1560:1574 The type strain of the type species 1560:1594 The type strain of the type species is K12-0602(T) ( = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988(T)). 24893943 12 42 theme type 1564:1567 arg1 K12-0602 1599:1606 K12-0602 1599:1606 K12-0602(T) ( = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988(T)) 1599:1644 The type strain of the type species is K12-0602(T) ( = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988(T)). 24893943 10 43 theme new 1444:1446 arg1 genus 1448:1452 a new genus 1442:1452 a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae 1442:1485 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain K12-0602(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. 24893943 13 44 from acid 1752:1755 arg1 peptidoglycan 1780:1792 bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan 1760:1792 bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan 1760:1792 This is the first report, to our knowledge, of 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid being found as a diamino acid in bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24893943 13 45 theme first 1659:1663 arg1 This 1647:1650 This 1647:1650 This 1647:1650 This is the first report, to our knowledge, of 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid being found as a diamino acid in bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24893943 13 45 theme first 1659:1663 arg1 report 1665:1670 the first report 1655:1670 the first report 1655:1670 This is the first report, to our knowledge, of 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid being found as a diamino acid in bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24893943 10 46 theme family 1461:1466 arg1 Micromonosporaceae 1468:1485 the family Micromonosporaceae 1457:1485 the family Micromonosporaceae 1457:1485 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain K12-0602(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. 24893943 6 47 theme Major 787:791 arg1 acids 799:803 Major fatty acids 787:803 Major fatty acids 787:803 Major fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0), C(17 : 1)ω9c and anteiso-C(17 : 0). 24893943 12 48 dep K12-0602 1599:1606 arg1 45988 1636:1640  = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988 1612:1640  = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988(T) 1612:1643 The type strain of the type species is K12-0602(T) ( = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988(T)). 24893943 12 48 dep K12-0602 1599:1606 arg1 T 1642:1642 T 1642:1642 T 1642:1642 The type strain of the type species is K12-0602(T) ( = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988(T)). 24893943 10 49 theme name 1502:1505 arg1 nov. 1532:1535 the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov. 1498:1535 the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov. 1498:1535 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain K12-0602(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. 24893943 9 50 theme amino 1164:1168 arg1 acid 1244:1247 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid 1216:1247 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid using instrumental analyses, including NMR and mass spectrometry 1216:1312 Analyses of the cell-wall peptidoglycan by TLC and LC/MS showed that it was composed of alanine, glycine, hydroxylglutamic acid and an unknown amino acid, which was subsequently determined to be 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid using instrumental analyses, including NMR and mass spectrometry. 24893943 9 50 theme amino 1164:1168 arg1 acid 1170:1173 an unknown amino acid 1153:1173 an unknown amino acid 1153:1173 Analyses of the cell-wall peptidoglycan by TLC and LC/MS showed that it was composed of alanine, glycine, hydroxylglutamic acid and an unknown amino acid, which was subsequently determined to be 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid using instrumental analyses, including NMR and mass spectrometry. 24893943 10 51 dep analysis 1348:1355 arg1 basis 1322:1326 basis 1322:1326 basis 1322:1326 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain K12-0602(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. 24893943 10 51 dep analysis 1348:1355 arg1 the 1318:1320 the 1318:1320 the 1318:1320 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain K12-0602(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. 24893943 2 52 theme plant 257:261 arg1 root 225:228 the root 221:228 the root of a Helleborus orientalis plant in Japan 221:270 An actinomycete strain, K12-0602(T), was isolated from the root of a Helleborus orientalis plant in Japan. 24893943 8 53 theme DNA 1004:1006 arg1 % 1018:1018 67 mol% 1012:1018 67 mol% 1012:1018 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67 mol%. 24893943 8 53 theme DNA 1004:1006 arg1 content 981:987 The G+C content 973:987 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 973:1006 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67 mol%. 24893943 10 54 theme chemotaxonomic 1361:1374 arg1 characteristics 1376:1390 chemotaxonomic characteristics 1361:1390 chemotaxonomic characteristics 1361:1390 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain K12-0602(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. 24893943 3 55 contain had 337:339 arg1 it 334:335 it 334:335 it 334:335 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 3 55 contain had 337:339 arg2 relationship 349:360 a close relationship 341:360 a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae 341:406 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 10 56 theme hellebori 1517:1525 arg1 nov. 1532:1535 the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov. 1498:1535 the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov. 1498:1535 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain K12-0602(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. 24893943 3 57 theme type 504:507 arg1 species 509:515 type species 504:515 type species 504:515 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 10 58 theme genus 1448:1452 arg1 species 1431:1437 a novel species 1423:1437 a novel species 1423:1437 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain K12-0602(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. 24893943 13 59 theme cell-wall 1770:1778 arg1 peptidoglycan 1780:1792 bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan 1760:1792 bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan 1760:1792 This is the first report, to our knowledge, of 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid being found as a diamino acid in bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24893943 3 60 theme species 509:515 arg1 strains 493:499 type strains 488:499 type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae 488:571 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 3 60 theme species 509:515 arg1 strain 465:470 strain K12-0602 465:479 strain K12-0602(T) 465:482 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 3 60 theme species 509:515 arg1 T 481:481 T 481:481 T 481:481 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 4 61 from present 699:705 arg1 hydrolysate 725:735 the whole-cell hydrolysate 710:735 the whole-cell hydrolysate 710:735 MK-9 (H4) and MK-9 (H6) were detected as major menaquinones, and galactose, xylose, mannose and ribose were present in the whole-cell hydrolysate. 24893943 1 62 theme 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic 101:127 arg1 acid 129:132 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid 101:132 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid 101:132 nov., an actinomycete of the family Micromonosporaceae containing 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24893943 3 63 theme rRNA 281:284 arg1 sequence 291:298 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 273:298 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) 273:320 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 13 64 theme diamino 1744:1750 arg1 acid 1752:1755 a diamino acid 1742:1755 a diamino acid in bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan 1742:1792 This is the first report, to our knowledge, of 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid being found as a diamino acid in bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24893943 9 65 theme instrumental 1255:1266 arg1 analyses 1268:1275 instrumental analyses 1255:1275 instrumental analyses 1255:1275 Analyses of the cell-wall peptidoglycan by TLC and LC/MS showed that it was composed of alanine, glycine, hydroxylglutamic acid and an unknown amino acid, which was subsequently determined to be 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid using instrumental analyses, including NMR and mass spectrometry. 24893943 9 65 theme instrumental 1255:1266 arg1 NMR 1288:1290 NMR 1288:1290 NMR 1288:1290 Analyses of the cell-wall peptidoglycan by TLC and LC/MS showed that it was composed of alanine, glycine, hydroxylglutamic acid and an unknown amino acid, which was subsequently determined to be 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid using instrumental analyses, including NMR and mass spectrometry. 24893943 9 65 theme instrumental 1255:1266 arg1 spectrometry 1301:1312 mass spectrometry 1296:1312 mass spectrometry 1296:1312 Analyses of the cell-wall peptidoglycan by TLC and LC/MS showed that it was composed of alanine, glycine, hydroxylglutamic acid and an unknown amino acid, which was subsequently determined to be 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid using instrumental analyses, including NMR and mass spectrometry. 24893943 3 66 theme type 488:491 arg1 strains 493:499 type strains 488:499 type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae 488:571 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 3 67 theme rRNA 420:423 arg1 similarity 439:448 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 412:448 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae 412:571 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 1 68 theme cell-wall 141:149 arg1 peptidoglycan 151:163 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 137:163 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 137:163 nov., an actinomycete of the family Micromonosporaceae containing 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24893943 3 69 theme strain 303:308 arg1 T 319:319 T 319:319 T 319:319 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 3 69 theme strain 303:308 arg1 K12-0602 310:317 strain K12-0602 303:317 strain K12-0602(T) 303:320 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 9 70 theme cell-wall 1037:1045 arg1 peptidoglycan 1047:1059 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1033:1059 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1033:1059 Analyses of the cell-wall peptidoglycan by TLC and LC/MS showed that it was composed of alanine, glycine, hydroxylglutamic acid and an unknown amino acid, which was subsequently determined to be 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid using instrumental analyses, including NMR and mass spectrometry. 24893943 12 71 theme 109834 1620:1625 arg1 45988 1636:1640  = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988 1612:1640  = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988(T) 1612:1643 The type strain of the type species is K12-0602(T) ( = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988(T)). 24893943 12 71 theme 109834 1620:1625 arg1 T 1642:1642 T 1642:1642 T 1642:1642 The type strain of the type species is K12-0602(T) ( = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988(T)). 24893943 12 72 theme T 1627:1627 arg1 45988 1636:1640  = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988 1612:1640  = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988(T) 1612:1643 The type strain of the type species is K12-0602(T) ( = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988(T)). 24893943 12 72 theme T 1627:1627 arg1 T 1642:1642 T 1642:1642 T 1642:1642 The type strain of the type species is K12-0602(T) ( = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988(T)). 24893943 9 73 theme mass 1296:1299 arg1 spectrometry 1301:1312 mass spectrometry 1296:1312 mass spectrometry 1296:1312 Analyses of the cell-wall peptidoglycan by TLC and LC/MS showed that it was composed of alanine, glycine, hydroxylglutamic acid and an unknown amino acid, which was subsequently determined to be 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid using instrumental analyses, including NMR and mass spectrometry. 24893943 4 74 from hydrolysate 725:735 arg1 present 699:705 present 699:705 present 699:705 MK-9 (H4) and MK-9 (H6) were detected as major menaquinones, and galactose, xylose, mannose and ribose were present in the whole-cell hydrolysate. 24893943 3 75 theme family 382:387 arg1 Micromonosporaceae 389:406 the family Micromonosporaceae 378:406 the family Micromonosporaceae 378:406 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 0 76 theme hellebori 10:18 arg1 nov. 25:28 Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov. 0:28 Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov. 0:28 Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. 24893943 13 77 theme 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic 1694:1720 arg1 acid 1722:1725 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid 1694:1725 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid being found as a diamino acid in bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan 1694:1792 This is the first report, to our knowledge, of 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid being found as a diamino acid in bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24893943 12 78 theme species 1588:1594 arg1 strain 1569:1574 The type strain 1560:1574 The type strain of the type species 1560:1594 The type strain of the type species is K12-0602(T) ( = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988(T)). 24893943 12 78 theme species 1588:1594 arg1 K12-0602 1599:1606 K12-0602 1599:1606 K12-0602(T) ( = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988(T)) 1599:1644 The type strain of the type species is K12-0602(T) ( = NBRC 109834(T) = DSM 45988(T)). 24893943 1 79 theme Micromonosporaceae 71:88 arg1 actinomycete 44:55 an actinomycete 41:55 an actinomycete of the family Micromonosporaceae containing 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 41:163 nov., an actinomycete of the family Micromonosporaceae containing 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24893943 1 79 theme Micromonosporaceae 71:88 arg1 nov. 35:38 nov. 35:38 nov. 35:38 nov., an actinomycete of the family Micromonosporaceae containing 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24893943 2 80 from root 225:228 arg1 Japan 266:270 Japan 266:270 Japan 266:270 An actinomycete strain, K12-0602(T), was isolated from the root of a Helleborus orientalis plant in Japan. 24893943 4 81 theme major 632:636 arg1 menaquinones 638:649 major menaquinones 632:649 major menaquinones 632:649 MK-9 (H4) and MK-9 (H6) were detected as major menaquinones, and galactose, xylose, mannose and ribose were present in the whole-cell hydrolysate. 24893943 4 81 theme major 632:636 arg1 MK-9 591:594 MK-9 591:594 MK-9 (H4) 591:599 MK-9 (H4) and MK-9 (H6) were detected as major menaquinones, and galactose, xylose, mannose and ribose were present in the whole-cell hydrolysate. 24893943 4 81 theme major 632:636 arg1 MK-9 605:608 MK-9 605:608 MK-9 (H6) 605:613 MK-9 (H4) and MK-9 (H6) were detected as major menaquinones, and galactose, xylose, mannose and ribose were present in the whole-cell hydrolysate. 24893943 3 82 theme 16S 416:418 arg1 similarity 439:448 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 412:448 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae 412:571 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 0 83 dep sp 31:32 arg1 nov. 25:28 Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov. 0:28 Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov. 0:28 Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. 24893943 3 84 theme close 343:347 arg1 relationship 349:360 a close relationship 341:360 a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae 341:406 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 3 85 theme similarity 439:448 arg1 values 450:455 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values 412:455 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae 412:571 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 3 86 theme gene 425:428 arg1 similarity 439:448 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 412:448 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae 412:571 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602(T) showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602(T) and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2%. 24893943 9 87 theme hydroxylglutamic 1127:1142 arg1 acid 1144:1147 hydroxylglutamic acid 1127:1147 hydroxylglutamic acid 1127:1147 Analyses of the cell-wall peptidoglycan by TLC and LC/MS showed that it was composed of alanine, glycine, hydroxylglutamic acid and an unknown amino acid, which was subsequently determined to be 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid using instrumental analyses, including NMR and mass spectrometry. 24893943 4 88 located present 699:705 arg1 hydrolysate 725:735 the whole-cell hydrolysate 710:735 the whole-cell hydrolysate 710:735 MK-9 (H4) and MK-9 (H6) were detected as major menaquinones, and galactose, xylose, mannose and ribose were present in the whole-cell hydrolysate. 24893943 4 88 located present 699:705 arg2 xylose 667:672 xylose 667:672 xylose 667:672 MK-9 (H4) and MK-9 (H6) were detected as major menaquinones, and galactose, xylose, mannose and ribose were present in the whole-cell hydrolysate. 24893943 4 88 located present 699:705 arg2 galactose 656:664 galactose 656:664 galactose 656:664 MK-9 (H4) and MK-9 (H6) were detected as major menaquinones, and galactose, xylose, mannose and ribose were present in the whole-cell hydrolysate. 24893943 4 88 located present 699:705 arg2 ribose 687:692 ribose 687:692 ribose 687:692 MK-9 (H4) and MK-9 (H6) were detected as major menaquinones, and galactose, xylose, mannose and ribose were present in the whole-cell hydrolysate. 24893943 4 88 located present 699:705 arg2 mannose 675:681 mannose 675:681 mannose 675:681 MK-9 (H4) and MK-9 (H6) were detected as major menaquinones, and galactose, xylose, mannose and ribose were present in the whole-cell hydrolysate. 24893943 7 89 theme phospholipid 951:962 arg1 type 964:967 phospholipid type II 951:970 phospholipid type II 951:970 Phosphatidylethanolamine was detected as the phospholipid corresponding to phospholipid type II. 24321742 9 0 from food 1209:1212 arg1 intake 1197:1202 Energy intake 1190:1202 Energy intake from food 1190:1212 Energy intake from food alone did not differ between individuals who did and did not consume beverage calories (P=0.11). 24321742 10 1 theme energy 1323:1328 arg1 intake 1330:1335 Total daily energy intake 1311:1335 Total daily energy intake 1311:1335 Total daily energy intake had no relationship with change in weight (P=0.29) or change in glucose regulation (P=0.38) over time. 24321742 5 2 theme food 580:583 arg1 choices 585:591 food choices 580:591 food choices that were low in fat (<20% of calories from fat) or high in simple sugars (>30%) 580:672 Energy consumed from soda was recorded as were food choices that were low in fat (<20% of calories from fat) or high in simple sugars (>30%). 24321742 5 3 from fat 610:612 arg1 low 603:605 low 603:605 low 603:605 Energy consumed from soda was recorded as were food choices that were low in fat (<20% of calories from fat) or high in simple sugars (>30%). 24321742 10 4 from change 1362:1367 arg1 weight 1372:1377 weight 1372:1377 weight (P=0.29) 1372:1386 Total daily energy intake had no relationship with change in weight (P=0.29) or change in glucose regulation (P=0.38) over time. 24321742 10 4 from change 1362:1367 arg1 P=0.38 1421:1426 P=0.38 1421:1426 P=0.38 1421:1426 Total daily energy intake had no relationship with change in weight (P=0.29) or change in glucose regulation (P=0.38) over time. 24321742 10 4 from change 1362:1367 arg1 regulation 1409:1418 glucose regulation 1401:1418 glucose regulation (P=0.38) 1401:1427 Total daily energy intake had no relationship with change in weight (P=0.29) or change in glucose regulation (P=0.38) over time. 24321742 10 4 from change 1362:1367 arg1 P=0.29 1380:1385 P=0.29 1380:1385 P=0.29 1380:1385 Total daily energy intake had no relationship with change in weight (P=0.29) or change in glucose regulation (P=0.38) over time. 24321742 10 5 theme Total 1311:1315 arg1 intake 1330:1335 Total daily energy intake 1311:1335 Total daily energy intake 1311:1335 Total daily energy intake had no relationship with change in weight (P=0.29) or change in glucose regulation (P=0.38) over time. 24321742 2 6 theme Objective 129:137 arg1 data 139:142 Objective data 129:142 Objective data 129:142 Objective data were used to determine whether soda consumption predicts weight gain or changes in glucose regulation over time. 24321742 8 7 theme choosing 993:1000 arg1 foods 1010:1014 choosing low-fat foods 993:1014 choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001) 993:1034 Energy consumed from soda was negatively related to age (r=-0.27, P=0.0001) and choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001), but positively associated with choosing solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) and overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001). 24321742 6 8 theme energy 726:731 arg1 intake 733:738 daily energy intake 720:738 daily energy intake 720:738 Food choices were expressed as percentage of daily energy intake. 24321742 7 9 contain had 765:767 arg2 measurement 769:779 measurement 769:779 measurement of follow-up weights and oral glucose tolerance (57 men, 28 women; mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years, range 6 months to 9.9 years) 769:910 A subset of 85 subjects had measurement of follow-up weights and oral glucose tolerance (57 men, 28 women; mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years, range 6 months to 9.9 years). 24321742 7 9 contain had 765:767 arg1 subset 743:748 A subset 741:748 A subset of 85 subjects 741:763 A subset of 85 subjects had measurement of follow-up weights and oral glucose tolerance (57 men, 28 women; mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years, range 6 months to 9.9 years). 24321742 13 10 theme energy 1653:1658 arg1 consumption 1660:1670 excess energy consumption 1646:1670 excess energy consumption 1646:1670 Soda consumption is a marker for excess energy consumption and is associated with weight gain. 24321742 8 11 theme solid 1077:1081 arg1 foods 1083:1087 solid foods 1077:1087 solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) 1077:1128 Energy consumed from soda was negatively related to age (r=-0.27, P=0.0001) and choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001), but positively associated with choosing solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) and overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001). 24321742 5 12 from % 618:618 arg1 fat 637:639 fat 637:639 fat 637:639 Energy consumed from soda was recorded as were food choices that were low in fat (<20% of calories from fat) or high in simple sugars (>30%). 24321742 8 13 theme high 1089:1092 arg1 foods 1083:1087 solid foods 1077:1087 solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) 1077:1128 Energy consumed from soda was negatively related to age (r=-0.27, P=0.0001) and choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001), but positively associated with choosing solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) and overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001). 24321742 8 14 theme simple 1097:1102 arg1 sugars 1104:1109 simple sugars 1097:1109 simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) 1097:1128 Energy consumed from soda was negatively related to age (r=-0.27, P=0.0001) and choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001), but positively associated with choosing solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) and overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001). 24321742 5 15 from fat 637:639 arg1 calories 623:630 calories 623:630 calories from fat 623:639 Energy consumed from soda was recorded as were food choices that were low in fat (<20% of calories from fat) or high in simple sugars (>30%). 24321742 5 15 from fat 637:639 arg1 % 618:618 <20% 615:618 <20% of calories from fat 615:639 Energy consumed from soda was recorded as were food choices that were low in fat (<20% of calories from fat) or high in simple sugars (>30%). 24321742 0 16 theme weight 56:61 arg1 change 63:68 weight change 56:68 weight change 56:68 Soda consumption during ad libitum food intake predicts weight change. 24321742 5 17 from sugars 660:665 arg1 high 645:648 high 645:648 high 645:648 Energy consumed from soda was recorded as were food choices that were low in fat (<20% of calories from fat) or high in simple sugars (>30%). 24321742 2 18 theme glucose 227:233 arg1 regulation 235:244 glucose regulation 227:244 glucose regulation 227:244 Objective data were used to determine whether soda consumption predicts weight gain or changes in glucose regulation over time. 24321742 7 19 theme oral glucose 806:817 arg1 men 833:835 57 men 830:835 57 men 830:835 A subset of 85 subjects had measurement of follow-up weights and oral glucose tolerance (57 men, 28 women; mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years, range 6 months to 9.9 years). 24321742 7 19 theme oral glucose 806:817 arg1 tolerance 819:827 oral glucose tolerance 806:827 oral glucose tolerance (57 men, 28 women; mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years, range 6 months to 9.9 years) 806:910 A subset of 85 subjects had measurement of follow-up weights and oral glucose tolerance (57 men, 28 women; mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years, range 6 months to 9.9 years). 24321742 2 20 used used 149:152 arg2 data 139:142 Objective data 129:142 Objective data 129:142 Objective data were used to determine whether soda consumption predicts weight gain or changes in glucose regulation over time. 24321742 13 21 theme Soda 1613:1616 arg1 consumption 1618:1628 Soda consumption 1613:1628 Soda consumption 1613:1628 Soda consumption is a marker for excess energy consumption and is associated with weight gain. 24321742 13 21 theme Soda 1613:1616 arg1 marker 1635:1640 a marker 1633:1640 a marker for excess energy consumption 1633:1670 Soda consumption is a marker for excess energy consumption and is associated with weight gain. 24321742 7 22 theme weights 794:800 arg1 measurement 769:779 measurement 769:779 measurement of follow-up weights and oral glucose tolerance (57 men, 28 women; mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years, range 6 months to 9.9 years) 769:910 A subset of 85 subjects had measurement of follow-up weights and oral glucose tolerance (57 men, 28 women; mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years, range 6 months to 9.9 years). 24321742 5 23 dep choices 585:591 arg1 as 572:573 as 572:573 as 572:573 Energy consumed from soda was recorded as were food choices that were low in fat (<20% of calories from fat) or high in simple sugars (>30%). 24321742 5 23 dep choices 585:591 arg1 were 575:578 were 575:578 were 575:578 Energy consumed from soda was recorded as were food choices that were low in fat (<20% of calories from fat) or high in simple sugars (>30%). 24321742 8 24 theme overall 1134:1140 arg1 r=0.46 1171:1176 r=0.46 1171:1176 r=0.46 1171:1176 Energy consumed from soda was negatively related to age (r=-0.27, P=0.0001) and choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001), but positively associated with choosing solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) and overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001). 24321742 8 24 theme overall 1134:1140 arg1 intake 1163:1168 overall average daily energy intake 1134:1168 overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001) 1134:1187 Energy consumed from soda was negatively related to age (r=-0.27, P=0.0001) and choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001), but positively associated with choosing solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) and overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001). 24321742 12 25 theme initial 1597:1603 arg1 weight 1605:1610 initial weight 1597:1610 initial weight 1597:1610 This relationship was unchanged after adjusting for follow-up time and initial weight. 24321742 1 26 theme Soda 71:74 arg1 consumption 76:86 Soda consumption 71:86 Soda consumption 71:86 Soda consumption may contribute to weight gain over time. 24321742 10 27 theme daily 1317:1321 arg1 intake 1330:1335 Total daily energy intake 1311:1335 Total daily energy intake 1311:1335 Total daily energy intake had no relationship with change in weight (P=0.29) or change in glucose regulation (P=0.38) over time. 24321742 3 28 theme mass 338:341 arg1 index 343:347 mean body mass index 32.5±7.4 328:356 mean body mass index 32.5±7.4 328:356 Subjects without diabetes (128 men, 75 women; mean age 34.3±8.9 years; mean body mass index 32.5±7.4; mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6%) self-selected their food from an ad libitum vending machine system for 3 days. 24321742 8 29 theme daily 1150:1154 arg1 r=0.46 1171:1176 r=0.46 1171:1176 r=0.46 1171:1176 Energy consumed from soda was negatively related to age (r=-0.27, P=0.0001) and choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001), but positively associated with choosing solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) and overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001). 24321742 8 29 theme daily 1150:1154 arg1 intake 1163:1168 overall average daily energy intake 1134:1168 overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001) 1134:1187 Energy consumed from soda was negatively related to age (r=-0.27, P=0.0001) and choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001), but positively associated with choosing solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) and overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001). 24321742 3 30 theme body 375:378 arg1 fat 380:382 mean percentage body fat 31.6 359:387 mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6% 359:393 Subjects without diabetes (128 men, 75 women; mean age 34.3±8.9 years; mean body mass index 32.5±7.4; mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6%) self-selected their food from an ad libitum vending machine system for 3 days. 24321742 0 31 theme Soda 0:3 arg1 consumption 5:15 Soda consumption 0:15 Soda consumption during ad libitum food intake 0:45 Soda consumption during ad libitum food intake predicts weight change. 24321742 3 32 theme mean 328:331 arg1 index 343:347 mean body mass index 32.5±7.4 328:356 mean body mass index 32.5±7.4 328:356 Subjects without diabetes (128 men, 75 women; mean age 34.3±8.9 years; mean body mass index 32.5±7.4; mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6%) self-selected their food from an ad libitum vending machine system for 3 days. 24321742 6 33 theme daily 720:724 arg1 intake 733:738 daily energy intake 720:738 daily energy intake 720:738 Food choices were expressed as percentage of daily energy intake. 24321742 3 34 theme mean 359:362 arg1 fat 380:382 mean percentage body fat 31.6 359:387 mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6% 359:393 Subjects without diabetes (128 men, 75 women; mean age 34.3±8.9 years; mean body mass index 32.5±7.4; mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6%) self-selected their food from an ad libitum vending machine system for 3 days. 24321742 4 35 theme daily 480:484 arg1 intake 493:498 Mean daily energy intake 475:498 Mean daily energy intake 475:498 Mean daily energy intake was calculated from food weight. 24321742 10 36 theme glucose 1401:1407 arg1 P=0.38 1421:1426 P=0.38 1421:1426 P=0.38 1421:1426 Total daily energy intake had no relationship with change in weight (P=0.29) or change in glucose regulation (P=0.38) over time. 24321742 10 36 theme glucose 1401:1407 arg1 regulation 1409:1418 glucose regulation 1401:1418 glucose regulation (P=0.38) 1401:1427 Total daily energy intake had no relationship with change in weight (P=0.29) or change in glucose regulation (P=0.38) over time. 24321742 5 37 theme simple 653:658 arg1 sugars 660:665 simple sugars 653:665 simple sugars (>30%) 653:672 Energy consumed from soda was recorded as were food choices that were low in fat (<20% of calories from fat) or high in simple sugars (>30%). 24321742 5 37 theme simple 653:658 arg1 % 671:671 >30% 668:671 >30% 668:671 Energy consumed from soda was recorded as were food choices that were low in fat (<20% of calories from fat) or high in simple sugars (>30%). 24321742 0 38 theme libitum 27:33 arg1 intake 40:45 ad libitum food intake 24:45 ad libitum food intake 24:45 Soda consumption during ad libitum food intake predicts weight change. 24321742 8 39 dep foods 1010:1014 arg1 r=-0.35 1017:1023 r=-0.35 1017:1023 r=-0.35 1017:1023 Energy consumed from soda was negatively related to age (r=-0.27, P=0.0001) and choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001), but positively associated with choosing solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) and overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001). 24321742 8 39 dep foods 1010:1014 arg1 P<0.0001 1026:1033 P<0.0001 1026:1033 P<0.0001 1026:1033 Energy consumed from soda was negatively related to age (r=-0.27, P=0.0001) and choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001), but positively associated with choosing solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) and overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001). 24321742 8 40 dep sugars 1104:1109 arg1 P<0.0001 1120:1127 P<0.0001 1120:1127 P<0.0001 1120:1127 Energy consumed from soda was negatively related to age (r=-0.27, P=0.0001) and choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001), but positively associated with choosing solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) and overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001). 24321742 8 40 dep sugars 1104:1109 arg1 r=0.45 1112:1117 r=0.45 1112:1117 r=0.45 1112:1117 Energy consumed from soda was negatively related to age (r=-0.27, P=0.0001) and choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001), but positively associated with choosing solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) and overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001). 24321742 10 41 from change 1391:1396 arg1 weight 1372:1377 weight 1372:1377 weight (P=0.29) 1372:1386 Total daily energy intake had no relationship with change in weight (P=0.29) or change in glucose regulation (P=0.38) over time. 24321742 10 41 from change 1391:1396 arg1 P=0.38 1421:1426 P=0.38 1421:1426 P=0.38 1421:1426 Total daily energy intake had no relationship with change in weight (P=0.29) or change in glucose regulation (P=0.38) over time. 24321742 10 41 from change 1391:1396 arg1 regulation 1409:1418 glucose regulation 1401:1418 glucose regulation (P=0.38) 1401:1427 Total daily energy intake had no relationship with change in weight (P=0.29) or change in glucose regulation (P=0.38) over time. 24321742 10 41 from change 1391:1396 arg1 P=0.29 1380:1385 P=0.29 1380:1385 P=0.29 1380:1385 Total daily energy intake had no relationship with change in weight (P=0.29) or change in glucose regulation (P=0.38) over time. 24321742 7 42 theme subjects 756:763 arg1 subset 743:748 A subset 741:748 A subset of 85 subjects 741:763 A subset of 85 subjects had measurement of follow-up weights and oral glucose tolerance (57 men, 28 women; mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years, range 6 months to 9.9 years). 24321742 4 43 theme food 520:523 arg1 weight 525:530 food weight 520:530 food weight 520:530 Mean daily energy intake was calculated from food weight. 24321742 2 44 theme soda 175:178 arg1 consumption 180:190 soda consumption 175:190 soda consumption 175:190 Objective data were used to determine whether soda consumption predicts weight gain or changes in glucose regulation over time. 24321742 7 45 dep 9.9 901:903 arg1 to 898:899 to 898:899 to 898:899 A subset of 85 subjects had measurement of follow-up weights and oral glucose tolerance (57 men, 28 women; mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years, range 6 months to 9.9 years). 24321742 3 46 theme ad 429:430 arg1 libitum 432:438 an ad libitum 426:438 an ad libitum vending machine system for 3 days 426:472 Subjects without diabetes (128 men, 75 women; mean age 34.3±8.9 years; mean body mass index 32.5±7.4; mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6%) self-selected their food from an ad libitum vending machine system for 3 days. 24321742 3 47 from libitum 432:438 arg1 food 416:419 their food 410:419 their food from an ad libitum vending machine system for 3 days 410:472 Subjects without diabetes (128 men, 75 women; mean age 34.3±8.9 years; mean body mass index 32.5±7.4; mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6%) self-selected their food from an ad libitum vending machine system for 3 days. 24321742 9 48 theme Energy 1190:1195 arg1 intake 1197:1202 Energy intake 1190:1202 Energy intake from food 1190:1212 Energy intake from food alone did not differ between individuals who did and did not consume beverage calories (P=0.11). 24321742 9 49 theme beverage 1283:1290 arg1 P=0.11 1302:1307 P=0.11 1302:1307 P=0.11 1302:1307 Energy intake from food alone did not differ between individuals who did and did not consume beverage calories (P=0.11). 24321742 9 49 theme beverage 1283:1290 arg1 calories 1292:1299 beverage calories 1283:1299 beverage calories (P=0.11) 1283:1308 Energy intake from food alone did not differ between individuals who did and did not consume beverage calories (P=0.11). 24321742 3 50 dep men 288:290 arg1 % 393:393 mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6% 359:393 mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6% 359:393 Subjects without diabetes (128 men, 75 women; mean age 34.3±8.9 years; mean body mass index 32.5±7.4; mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6%) self-selected their food from an ad libitum vending machine system for 3 days. 24321742 3 50 dep men 288:290 arg1 index 343:347 mean body mass index 32.5±7.4 328:356 mean body mass index 32.5±7.4 328:356 Subjects without diabetes (128 men, 75 women; mean age 34.3±8.9 years; mean body mass index 32.5±7.4; mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6%) self-selected their food from an ad libitum vending machine system for 3 days. 24321742 3 50 dep men 288:290 arg1 years 321:325 mean age 34.3±8.9 years 303:325 mean age 34.3±8.9 years 303:325 Subjects without diabetes (128 men, 75 women; mean age 34.3±8.9 years; mean body mass index 32.5±7.4; mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6%) self-selected their food from an ad libitum vending machine system for 3 days. 24321742 6 51 theme intake 733:738 arg1 percentage 706:715 percentage 706:715 percentage of daily energy intake 706:738 Food choices were expressed as percentage of daily energy intake. 24321742 6 51 theme intake 733:738 arg1 choices 680:686 Food choices 675:686 Food choices 675:686 Food choices were expressed as percentage of daily energy intake. 24321742 13 52 theme excess 1646:1651 arg1 consumption 1660:1670 excess energy consumption 1646:1670 excess energy consumption 1646:1670 Soda consumption is a marker for excess energy consumption and is associated with weight gain. 24321742 8 53 theme low-fat 1002:1008 arg1 foods 1010:1014 choosing low-fat foods 993:1014 choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001) 993:1034 Energy consumed from soda was negatively related to age (r=-0.27, P=0.0001) and choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001), but positively associated with choosing solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) and overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001). 24321742 11 54 from change 1491:1496 arg1 weight 1501:1506 weight 1501:1506 weight (r=0.21, P=0.04) 1501:1523 However, energy consumed from soda correlated with change in weight (r=0.21, P=0.04). 24321742 7 55 theme mean 848:851 arg1 years 876:880 mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years 848:880 mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years 848:880 A subset of 85 subjects had measurement of follow-up weights and oral glucose tolerance (57 men, 28 women; mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years, range 6 months to 9.9 years). 24321742 1 56 theme weight 106:111 arg1 gain 113:116 weight gain 106:116 weight gain 106:116 Soda consumption may contribute to weight gain over time. 24321742 7 57 theme follow-up 853:861 arg1 years 876:880 mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years 848:880 mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years 848:880 A subset of 85 subjects had measurement of follow-up weights and oral glucose tolerance (57 men, 28 women; mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years, range 6 months to 9.9 years). 24321742 5 58 from high 645:648 arg1 sugars 660:665 simple sugars 653:665 simple sugars (>30%) 653:672 Energy consumed from soda was recorded as were food choices that were low in fat (<20% of calories from fat) or high in simple sugars (>30%). 24321742 5 58 from high 645:648 arg1 % 671:671 >30% 668:671 >30% 668:671 Energy consumed from soda was recorded as were food choices that were low in fat (<20% of calories from fat) or high in simple sugars (>30%). 24321742 7 59 theme tolerance 819:827 arg1 measurement 769:779 measurement 769:779 measurement of follow-up weights and oral glucose tolerance (57 men, 28 women; mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years, range 6 months to 9.9 years) 769:910 A subset of 85 subjects had measurement of follow-up weights and oral glucose tolerance (57 men, 28 women; mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years, range 6 months to 9.9 years). 24321742 11 60 dep weight 1501:1506 arg1 P=0.04 1517:1522 P=0.04 1517:1522 P=0.04 1517:1522 However, energy consumed from soda correlated with change in weight (r=0.21, P=0.04). 24321742 11 60 dep weight 1501:1506 arg1 r=0.21 1509:1514 r=0.21 1509:1514 r=0.21 1509:1514 However, energy consumed from soda correlated with change in weight (r=0.21, P=0.04). 24321742 3 61 theme mean 303:306 arg1 years 321:325 mean age 34.3±8.9 years 303:325 mean age 34.3±8.9 years 303:325 Subjects without diabetes (128 men, 75 women; mean age 34.3±8.9 years; mean body mass index 32.5±7.4; mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6%) self-selected their food from an ad libitum vending machine system for 3 days. 24321742 8 62 dep r=0.46 1171:1176 arg1 P<0.0001 1179:1186 P<0.0001 1179:1186 P<0.0001 1179:1186 Energy consumed from soda was negatively related to age (r=-0.27, P=0.0001) and choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001), but positively associated with choosing solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) and overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001). 24321742 5 63 dep fat 610:612 arg1 calories 623:630 calories 623:630 calories from fat 623:639 Energy consumed from soda was recorded as were food choices that were low in fat (<20% of calories from fat) or high in simple sugars (>30%). 24321742 5 63 dep fat 610:612 arg1 % 618:618 <20% 615:618 <20% of calories from fat 615:639 Energy consumed from soda was recorded as were food choices that were low in fat (<20% of calories from fat) or high in simple sugars (>30%). 24321742 8 64 from high 1089:1092 arg1 sugars 1104:1109 simple sugars 1097:1109 simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) 1097:1128 Energy consumed from soda was negatively related to age (r=-0.27, P=0.0001) and choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001), but positively associated with choosing solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) and overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001). 24321742 5 65 theme calories 623:630 arg1 calories 623:630 calories 623:630 calories from fat 623:639 Energy consumed from soda was recorded as were food choices that were low in fat (<20% of calories from fat) or high in simple sugars (>30%). 24321742 5 65 theme calories 623:630 arg1 % 618:618 <20% 615:618 <20% of calories from fat 615:639 Energy consumed from soda was recorded as were food choices that were low in fat (<20% of calories from fat) or high in simple sugars (>30%). 24321742 2 66 from gain 208:211 arg1 regulation 235:244 glucose regulation 227:244 glucose regulation 227:244 Objective data were used to determine whether soda consumption predicts weight gain or changes in glucose regulation over time. 24321742 8 67 dep age 965:967 arg1 P=0.0001 979:986 P=0.0001 979:986 P=0.0001 979:986 Energy consumed from soda was negatively related to age (r=-0.27, P=0.0001) and choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001), but positively associated with choosing solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) and overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001). 24321742 8 67 dep age 965:967 arg1 r=-0.27 970:976 r=-0.27 970:976 r=-0.27 970:976 Energy consumed from soda was negatively related to age (r=-0.27, P=0.0001) and choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001), but positively associated with choosing solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) and overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001). 24321742 3 68 theme age 308:310 arg1 years 321:325 mean age 34.3±8.9 years 303:325 mean age 34.3±8.9 years 303:325 Subjects without diabetes (128 men, 75 women; mean age 34.3±8.9 years; mean body mass index 32.5±7.4; mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6%) self-selected their food from an ad libitum vending machine system for 3 days. 24321742 7 69 theme follow-up 784:792 arg1 weights 794:800 follow-up weights 784:800 follow-up weights 784:800 A subset of 85 subjects had measurement of follow-up weights and oral glucose tolerance (57 men, 28 women; mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years, range 6 months to 9.9 years). 24321742 2 70 from changes 216:222 arg1 regulation 235:244 glucose regulation 227:244 glucose regulation 227:244 Objective data were used to determine whether soda consumption predicts weight gain or changes in glucose regulation over time. 24321742 4 71 theme Mean 475:478 arg1 intake 493:498 Mean daily energy intake 475:498 Mean daily energy intake 475:498 Mean daily energy intake was calculated from food weight. 24321742 8 72 theme average 1142:1148 arg1 r=0.46 1171:1176 r=0.46 1171:1176 r=0.46 1171:1176 Energy consumed from soda was negatively related to age (r=-0.27, P=0.0001) and choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001), but positively associated with choosing solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) and overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001). 24321742 8 72 theme average 1142:1148 arg1 intake 1163:1168 overall average daily energy intake 1134:1168 overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001) 1134:1187 Energy consumed from soda was negatively related to age (r=-0.27, P=0.0001) and choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001), but positively associated with choosing solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) and overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001). 24321742 3 73 theme fat 380:382 arg1 % 393:393 mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6% 359:393 mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6% 359:393 Subjects without diabetes (128 men, 75 women; mean age 34.3±8.9 years; mean body mass index 32.5±7.4; mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6%) self-selected their food from an ad libitum vending machine system for 3 days. 24321742 0 74 theme ad 24:25 arg1 intake 40:45 ad libitum food intake 24:45 ad libitum food intake 24:45 Soda consumption during ad libitum food intake predicts weight change. 24321742 12 75 theme follow-up 1578:1586 arg1 time 1588:1591 follow-up time 1578:1591 follow-up time 1578:1591 This relationship was unchanged after adjusting for follow-up time and initial weight. 24321742 8 76 from sugars 1104:1109 arg1 high 1089:1092 high 1089:1092 high 1089:1092 Energy consumed from soda was negatively related to age (r=-0.27, P=0.0001) and choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001), but positively associated with choosing solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) and overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001). 24321742 3 77 theme body 333:336 arg1 index 343:347 mean body mass index 32.5±7.4 328:356 mean body mass index 32.5±7.4 328:356 Subjects without diabetes (128 men, 75 women; mean age 34.3±8.9 years; mean body mass index 32.5±7.4; mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6%) self-selected their food from an ad libitum vending machine system for 3 days. 24321742 4 78 theme energy 486:491 arg1 intake 493:498 Mean daily energy intake 475:498 Mean daily energy intake 475:498 Mean daily energy intake was calculated from food weight. 24321742 8 79 theme energy 1156:1161 arg1 r=0.46 1171:1176 r=0.46 1171:1176 r=0.46 1171:1176 Energy consumed from soda was negatively related to age (r=-0.27, P=0.0001) and choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001), but positively associated with choosing solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) and overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001). 24321742 8 79 theme energy 1156:1161 arg1 intake 1163:1168 overall average daily energy intake 1134:1168 overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001) 1134:1187 Energy consumed from soda was negatively related to age (r=-0.27, P=0.0001) and choosing low-fat foods (r=-0.35, P<0.0001), but positively associated with choosing solid foods high in simple sugars (r=0.45, P<0.0001) and overall average daily energy intake (r=0.46, P<0.0001). 24321742 7 80 dep men 833:835 arg1 years 876:880 mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years 848:880 mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years 848:880 A subset of 85 subjects had measurement of follow-up weights and oral glucose tolerance (57 men, 28 women; mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years, range 6 months to 9.9 years). 24321742 7 80 dep men 833:835 arg1 years 905:909 range 6 months to 9.9 years 883:909 range 6 months to 9.9 years 883:909 A subset of 85 subjects had measurement of follow-up weights and oral glucose tolerance (57 men, 28 women; mean follow-up time=2.5±2.1 years, range 6 months to 9.9 years). 24321742 0 81 theme food 35:38 arg1 intake 40:45 ad libitum food intake 24:45 ad libitum food intake 24:45 Soda consumption during ad libitum food intake predicts weight change. 24321742 10 82 contain had 1337:1339 arg2 relationship 1344:1355 no relationship 1341:1355 no relationship 1341:1355 Total daily energy intake had no relationship with change in weight (P=0.29) or change in glucose regulation (P=0.38) over time. 24321742 10 82 contain had 1337:1339 arg1 intake 1330:1335 Total daily energy intake 1311:1335 Total daily energy intake 1311:1335 Total daily energy intake had no relationship with change in weight (P=0.29) or change in glucose regulation (P=0.38) over time. 24321742 3 83 theme percentage 364:373 arg1 fat 380:382 mean percentage body fat 31.6 359:387 mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6% 359:393 Subjects without diabetes (128 men, 75 women; mean age 34.3±8.9 years; mean body mass index 32.5±7.4; mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6%) self-selected their food from an ad libitum vending machine system for 3 days. 24321742 2 84 theme weight 201:206 arg1 gain 208:211 weight gain 201:211 weight gain 201:211 Objective data were used to determine whether soda consumption predicts weight gain or changes in glucose regulation over time. 24321742 13 85 theme weight 1695:1700 arg1 gain 1702:1705 weight gain 1695:1705 weight gain 1695:1705 Soda consumption is a marker for excess energy consumption and is associated with weight gain. 24321742 5 86 from low 603:605 arg1 fat 610:612 fat 610:612 fat (<20% of calories from fat) 610:640 Energy consumed from soda was recorded as were food choices that were low in fat (<20% of calories from fat) or high in simple sugars (>30%). 24321742 6 87 theme Food 675:678 arg1 percentage 706:715 percentage 706:715 percentage of daily energy intake 706:738 Food choices were expressed as percentage of daily energy intake. 24321742 6 87 theme Food 675:678 arg1 choices 680:686 Food choices 675:686 Food choices 675:686 Food choices were expressed as percentage of daily energy intake. 24321742 3 88 theme % 388:388 arg1 % 393:393 mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6% 359:393 mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6% 359:393 Subjects without diabetes (128 men, 75 women; mean age 34.3±8.9 years; mean body mass index 32.5±7.4; mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6%) self-selected their food from an ad libitum vending machine system for 3 days. 24321742 3 89 dep Subjects 257:264 arg1 men 288:290 128 men 284:290 128 men 284:290 Subjects without diabetes (128 men, 75 women; mean age 34.3±8.9 years; mean body mass index 32.5±7.4; mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6%) self-selected their food from an ad libitum vending machine system for 3 days. 24321742 3 89 dep Subjects 257:264 arg1 women 296:300 75 women 293:300 75 women 293:300 Subjects without diabetes (128 men, 75 women; mean age 34.3±8.9 years; mean body mass index 32.5±7.4; mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6%) self-selected their food from an ad libitum vending machine system for 3 days. 24321742 3 90 theme machine 448:454 arg1 system 456:461 machine system 448:461 machine system for 3 days 448:472 Subjects without diabetes (128 men, 75 women; mean age 34.3±8.9 years; mean body mass index 32.5±7.4; mean percentage body fat 31.6%±8.6%) self-selected their food from an ad libitum vending machine system for 3 days. 27058737 12 0 theme TCTs 1716:1719 arg1 effects 1705:1711 These positive effects 1690:1711 These positive effects of TCTs and WPIs 1690:1728 These positive effects of TCTs and WPIs were independent of body weight, adiposity or glucose tolerance. 27058737 7 1 theme TCT 1045:1047 arg1 groups 1057:1062 Both TCT and WPI groups 1040:1062 groups 1057:1062 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 4 2 theme 187 585:587 arg1 32g 591:593 187 ± 32g 585:593 187 ± 32g 585:593 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 8 3 theme soleus 1348:1353 arg1 muscle 1355:1360 the soleus muscle 1344:1360 the soleus muscle (P<0.05 vs. Control) 1344:1381 WPIs increased the maximum in vitro activity of beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA in the soleus muscle (P<0.05 vs. Control) but not in the plantaris. 27058737 6 4 theme glycogen 968:975 arg1 content 977:983 skeletal muscle glycogen content 952:983 skeletal muscle glycogen content 952:983 Food intake, body composition, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, exercise capacity, skeletal muscle glycogen content and oxidative enzyme activity were determined. 27058737 1 5 theme metabolic 186:194 arg1 health 196:201 metabolic health 186:201 metabolic health 186:201 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity and impairments in metabolic health are associated with reductions in exercise capacity. 27058737 6 6 theme skeletal 952:959 arg1 content 977:983 skeletal muscle glycogen content 952:983 skeletal muscle glycogen content 952:983 Food intake, body composition, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, exercise capacity, skeletal muscle glycogen content and oxidative enzyme activity were determined. 27058737 9 7 theme synthase 1417:1424 arg1 activity 1426:1433 Citrate synthase activity 1409:1433 Citrate synthase activity 1409:1433 Citrate synthase activity was not different between groups. 27058737 7 8 theme ± 1152:1152 arg1 group 1140:1144 the Control group 1128:1144 the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI 1128:1212 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 7 8 theme ± 1152:1152 arg1 139m 1154:1157 1428 ± 139m 1147:1157 1428 ± 139m 1147:1157 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 8 9 from activity 1308:1315 arg1 plantaris 1398:1406 the plantaris 1394:1406 the plantaris 1394:1406 WPIs increased the maximum in vitro activity of beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA in the soleus muscle (P<0.05 vs. Control) but not in the plantaris. 27058737 8 9 from activity 1308:1315 arg1 muscle 1355:1360 the soleus muscle 1344:1360 the soleus muscle (P<0.05 vs. Control) 1344:1381 WPIs increased the maximum in vitro activity of beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA in the soleus muscle (P<0.05 vs. Control) but not in the plantaris. 27058737 2 10 theme E 302:302 arg1 tocotrienols 304:315 vitamin E tocotrienols 294:315 vitamin E tocotrienols (TCTs) 294:322 Both whey protein isolates (WPIs) and vitamin E tocotrienols (TCTs) exert favorable effects on obesity-related metabolic parameters. 27058737 2 10 theme E 302:302 arg1 TCTs 318:321 TCTs 318:321 TCTs 318:321 Both whey protein isolates (WPIs) and vitamin E tocotrienols (TCTs) exert favorable effects on obesity-related metabolic parameters. 27058737 11 11 dep sedentary 1654:1662 arg1 diet-induced 1665:1676 diet-induced 1665:1676 diet-induced 1665:1676 CONCLUSION Ten weeks of both TCTs and WPIs increased exercise endurance by 50% in sedentary, diet-induced obese rats. 27058737 6 12 theme Food 862:865 arg1 intake 867:872 Food intake 862:872 Food intake 862:872 Food intake, body composition, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, exercise capacity, skeletal muscle glycogen content and oxidative enzyme activity were determined. 27058737 12 13 theme tolerance 1784:1792 arg1 independent 1735:1745 independent 1735:1745 independent 1735:1745 These positive effects of TCTs and WPIs were independent of body weight, adiposity or glucose tolerance. 27058737 1 14 from reductions 223:232 arg1 capacity 246:253 exercise capacity 237:253 exercise capacity 237:253 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity and impairments in metabolic health are associated with reductions in exercise capacity. 27058737 9 15 theme Citrate 1409:1415 arg1 activity 1426:1433 Citrate synthase activity 1409:1433 Citrate synthase activity 1409:1433 Citrate synthase activity was not different between groups. 27058737 7 16 theme Control 1132:1138 arg1 group 1140:1144 the Control group 1128:1144 the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI 1128:1212 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 7 16 theme Control 1132:1138 arg1 139m 1154:1157 1428 ± 139m 1147:1157 1428 ± 139m 1147:1157 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 12 17 theme body 1750:1753 arg1 weight 1755:1760 body weight 1750:1760 body weight 1750:1760 These positive effects of TCTs and WPIs were independent of body weight, adiposity or glucose tolerance. 27058737 4 18 dep either 613:618 arg1 n 677:677 n = 9 677:681 n = 9 677:681 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 4 18 dep either 613:618 arg1 Control 621:627 Control 621:627 Control (n = 9) 621:635 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 4 18 dep either 613:618 arg1 WPI 651:653 WPI 651:653 WPI (n = 8) 651:661 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 4 18 dep either 613:618 arg1 TCT 638:640 TCT 638:640 TCT (n = 9) 638:648 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 4 18 dep either 613:618 arg1 n 630:630 n = 9 630:634 n = 9 630:634 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 4 18 dep either 613:618 arg1 TCT 666:668 TCT 666:668 TCT 666:668 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 4 18 dep either 613:618 arg1 n 643:643 n = 9 643:647 n = 9 643:647 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 4 18 dep either 613:618 arg1 n 656:656 n = 8 656:660 n = 8 656:660 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 4 19 from fat 734:736 arg1 energy 722:727 energy 722:727 energy from fat 722:736 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 4 19 from fat 734:736 arg1 % 717:717 40% 715:717 40% of energy from fat 715:736 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 11 20 dep CONCLUSION 1572:1581 arg1 weeks 1587:1591 Ten weeks 1583:1591 CONCLUSION Ten weeks of both TCTs and WPIs 1572:1613 CONCLUSION Ten weeks of both TCTs and WPIs increased exercise endurance by 50% in sedentary, diet-induced obese rats. 27058737 6 21 theme enzyme 999:1004 arg1 activity 1006:1013 oxidative enzyme activity 989:1013 oxidative enzyme activity 989:1013 Food intake, body composition, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, exercise capacity, skeletal muscle glycogen content and oxidative enzyme activity were determined. 27058737 12 22 theme WPIs 1725:1728 arg1 effects 1705:1711 These positive effects 1690:1711 These positive effects of TCTs and WPIs 1690:1728 These positive effects of TCTs and WPIs were independent of body weight, adiposity or glucose tolerance. 27058737 0 23 theme Endurance 71:79 arg1 Capacity 81:88 Exercise Endurance Capacity 62:88 Exercise Endurance Capacity in Diet -Induced Obese Male Sprague-Dawley Rats 62:136 Tocotrienols and Whey Protein Isolates Substantially Increase Exercise Endurance Capacity in Diet -Induced Obese Male Sprague-Dawley Rats. 27058737 2 24 theme whey 261:264 arg1 WPIs 284:287 WPIs 284:287 WPIs 284:287 Both whey protein isolates (WPIs) and vitamin E tocotrienols (TCTs) exert favorable effects on obesity-related metabolic parameters. 27058737 2 24 theme whey 261:264 arg1 isolates 274:281 whey protein isolates 261:281 whey protein isolates (WPIs) 261:288 Both whey protein isolates (WPIs) and vitamin E tocotrienols (TCTs) exert favorable effects on obesity-related metabolic parameters. 27058737 8 25 dep muscle 1355:1360 arg1 P<0.05 1363:1368 P<0.05 1363:1368 P<0.05 1363:1368 WPIs increased the maximum in vitro activity of beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA in the soleus muscle (P<0.05 vs. Control) but not in the plantaris. 27058737 8 25 dep muscle 1355:1360 arg1 Control 1374:1380 Control 1374:1380 Control 1374:1380 WPIs increased the maximum in vitro activity of beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA in the soleus muscle (P<0.05 vs. Control) but not in the plantaris. 27058737 4 26 theme = 645:645 arg1 n 643:643 n = 9 643:647 n = 9 643:647 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 4 26 theme = 645:645 arg1 TCT 638:640 TCT 638:640 TCT (n = 9) 638:648 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 0 27 theme -Induced 98:105 arg1 Rats 133:136 Diet -Induced Obese Male Sprague-Dawley Rats 93:136 Diet -Induced Obese Male Sprague-Dawley Rats 93:136 Tocotrienols and Whey Protein Isolates Substantially Increase Exercise Endurance Capacity in Diet -Induced Obese Male Sprague-Dawley Rats. 27058737 1 28 from AIMS 154:157 arg1 health 196:201 metabolic health 186:201 metabolic health 186:201 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity and impairments in metabolic health are associated with reductions in exercise capacity. 27058737 3 29 theme exercise 458:465 arg1 capacity 467:474 improved exercise capacity 449:474 improved exercise capacity 449:474 This research sought to determine whether these supplements improved exercise capacity and increased glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese rats. 27058737 0 30 theme Male 113:116 arg1 Rats 133:136 Diet -Induced Obese Male Sprague-Dawley Rats 93:136 Diet -Induced Obese Male Sprague-Dawley Rats 93:136 Tocotrienols and Whey Protein Isolates Substantially Increase Exercise Endurance Capacity in Diet -Induced Obese Male Sprague-Dawley Rats. 27058737 1 31 from BACKGROUND 139:148 arg1 health 196:201 metabolic health 186:201 metabolic health 186:201 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity and impairments in metabolic health are associated with reductions in exercise capacity. 27058737 7 32 dep longer 1073:1078 arg1 185m 1088:1091 2271 ± 185m 1081:1091 2271 ± 185m 1081:1091 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 7 32 dep longer 1073:1078 arg1 265m 1104:1107 2195 ± 265m 1097:1107 2195 ± 265m 1097:1107 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 11 33 theme WPIs 1610:1613 arg1 weeks 1587:1591 Ten weeks 1583:1591 CONCLUSION Ten weeks of both TCTs and WPIs 1572:1613 CONCLUSION Ten weeks of both TCTs and WPIs increased exercise endurance by 50% in sedentary, diet-induced obese rats. 27058737 7 34 theme 2195 1097:1100 arg1 265m 1104:1107 2195 ± 265m 1097:1107 2195 ± 265m 1097:1107 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 1 35 dep AIMS 154:157 arg1 Obesity 159:165 Obesity 159:165 Obesity 159:165 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity and impairments in metabolic health are associated with reductions in exercise capacity. 27058737 1 35 dep AIMS 154:157 arg1 impairments 171:181 impairments 171:181 impairments 171:181 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity and impairments in metabolic health are associated with reductions in exercise capacity. 27058737 3 36 theme glucose 490:496 arg1 tolerance 498:506 increased glucose tolerance 480:506 increased glucose tolerance 480:506 This research sought to determine whether these supplements improved exercise capacity and increased glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese rats. 27058737 0 37 theme Whey 17:20 arg1 Isolates 30:37 Whey Protein Isolates 17:37 Whey Protein Isolates 17:37 Tocotrienols and Whey Protein Isolates Substantially Increase Exercise Endurance Capacity in Diet -Induced Obese Male Sprague-Dawley Rats. 27058737 5 38 theme body 778:781 arg1 weight 783:788 50mg/kg body weight 770:788 50mg/kg body weight 770:788 Animals received 50mg/kg body weight and 8% of total energy intake per day of TCTs and/or WPIs respectively. 27058737 7 39 theme exercise 1238:1245 arg1 endurance 1247:1255 exercise endurance 1238:1255 exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m) 1238:1269 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 7 39 theme exercise 1238:1245 arg1 104m 1265:1268 2068 ± 104m 1258:1268 2068 ± 104m 1258:1268 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 7 40 theme 2271 1081:1084 arg1 185m 1088:1091 2271 ± 185m 1081:1091 2271 ± 185m 1081:1091 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 4 41 theme old 553:555 arg1 rats 562:565 Six week old male rats 544:565 Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g 544:593 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 4 41 theme old 553:555 arg1 n 568:568 n = 35 568:573 n = 35 568:573 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 10 42 theme glucose 1530:1536 arg1 tolerance 1538:1546 glucose tolerance 1530:1546 glucose tolerance 1530:1546 Neither supplement had any effect on weight gain, adiposity, glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity. 27058737 3 43 theme obese 524:528 arg1 rats 530:533 diet-induced obese rats 511:533 diet-induced obese rats 511:533 This research sought to determine whether these supplements improved exercise capacity and increased glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese rats. 27058737 4 44 dep METHODS 536:542 arg1 allocated 600:608 allocated 600:608 allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) 600:682 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 4 44 dep METHODS 536:542 arg1 placed 688:693 placed 688:693 placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks 688:750 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 5 45 theme TCTs 831:834 arg1 day 824:826 day 824:826 day of TCTs and/or WPIs 824:846 Animals received 50mg/kg body weight and 8% of total energy intake per day of TCTs and/or WPIs respectively. 27058737 7 46 theme longer 1073:1078 arg1 RESULTS 1032:1038 RESULTS 1032:1038 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI 1032:1212 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 11 47 theme sedentary 1654:1662 arg1 rats 1684:1687 sedentary, diet-induced obese rats 1654:1687 sedentary, diet-induced obese rats 1654:1687 CONCLUSION Ten weeks of both TCTs and WPIs increased exercise endurance by 50% in sedentary, diet-induced obese rats. 27058737 3 48 from tolerance 498:506 arg1 rats 530:533 diet-induced obese rats 511:533 diet-induced obese rats 511:533 This research sought to determine whether these supplements improved exercise capacity and increased glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese rats. 27058737 1 49 theme exercise 237:244 arg1 capacity 246:253 exercise capacity 237:253 exercise capacity 237:253 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity and impairments in metabolic health are associated with reductions in exercise capacity. 27058737 5 50 theme total 800:804 arg1 intake 813:818 total energy intake 800:818 total energy intake 800:818 Animals received 50mg/kg body weight and 8% of total energy intake per day of TCTs and/or WPIs respectively. 27058737 8 51 theme in 1299:1300 arg1 activity 1308:1315 the maximum in vitro activity 1287:1315 the maximum in vitro activity of beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA in the soleus muscle (P<0.05 vs. Control) but not in the plantaris 1287:1406 WPIs increased the maximum in vitro activity of beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA in the soleus muscle (P<0.05 vs. Control) but not in the plantaris. 27058737 6 52 theme glucose 893:899 arg1 tolerance 901:909 glucose tolerance 893:909 glucose tolerance 893:909 Food intake, body composition, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, exercise capacity, skeletal muscle glycogen content and oxidative enzyme activity were determined. 27058737 4 53 theme = 679:679 arg1 n 677:677 n = 9 677:681 n = 9 677:681 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 4 53 theme = 679:679 arg1 TCT 666:668 TCT 666:668 TCT 666:668 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 12 54 theme positive 1696:1703 arg1 effects 1705:1711 These positive effects 1690:1711 These positive effects of TCTs and WPIs 1690:1728 These positive effects of TCTs and WPIs were independent of body weight, adiposity or glucose tolerance. 27058737 5 55 theme intake 813:818 arg1 intake 813:818 total energy intake 800:818 total energy intake 800:818 Animals received 50mg/kg body weight and 8% of total energy intake per day of TCTs and/or WPIs respectively. 27058737 5 55 theme intake 813:818 arg1 weight 783:788 50mg/kg body weight 770:788 50mg/kg body weight 770:788 Animals received 50mg/kg body weight and 8% of total energy intake per day of TCTs and/or WPIs respectively. 27058737 5 55 theme intake 813:818 arg1 % 795:795 8% 794:795 8% of total energy intake 794:818 Animals received 50mg/kg body weight and 8% of total energy intake per day of TCTs and/or WPIs respectively. 27058737 7 56 theme groups 1057:1062 arg1 % 1071:1071 Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% 1040:1071 Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% 1040:1071 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 3 57 from capacity 467:474 arg1 rats 530:533 diet-induced obese rats 511:533 diet-induced obese rats 511:533 This research sought to determine whether these supplements improved exercise capacity and increased glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese rats. 27058737 2 58 theme obesity-related 351:365 arg1 parameters 377:386 obesity-related metabolic parameters 351:386 obesity-related metabolic parameters 351:386 Both whey protein isolates (WPIs) and vitamin E tocotrienols (TCTs) exert favorable effects on obesity-related metabolic parameters. 27058737 8 59 theme beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA 1320:1339 arg1 activity 1308:1315 the maximum in vitro activity 1287:1315 the maximum in vitro activity of beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA in the soleus muscle (P<0.05 vs. Control) but not in the plantaris 1287:1406 WPIs increased the maximum in vitro activity of beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA in the soleus muscle (P<0.05 vs. Control) but not in the plantaris. 27058737 2 60 theme vitamin 294:300 arg1 E 302:302 vitamin E 294:302 vitamin E tocotrienols (TCTs) 294:322 Both whey protein isolates (WPIs) and vitamin E tocotrienols (TCTs) exert favorable effects on obesity-related metabolic parameters. 27058737 7 61 theme exhaustion 1178:1187 arg1 P<0.05 1195:1200 P<0.05 1195:1200 P<0.05 1195:1200 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 7 61 theme exhaustion 1178:1187 arg1 TCT 1204:1206 TCT 1204:1206 TCT 1204:1206 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 7 61 theme exhaustion 1178:1187 arg1 test 1189:1192 exhaustion test 1178:1192 exhaustion test (P<0.05) 1178:1201 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 7 61 theme exhaustion 1178:1187 arg1 WPI 1210:1212 WPI 1210:1212 WPI 1210:1212 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 4 62 theme ± 589:589 arg1 32g 591:593 187 ± 32g 585:593 187 ± 32g 585:593 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 11 63 theme obese 1678:1682 arg1 rats 1684:1687 sedentary, diet-induced obese rats 1654:1687 sedentary, diet-induced obese rats 1654:1687 CONCLUSION Ten weeks of both TCTs and WPIs increased exercise endurance by 50% in sedentary, diet-induced obese rats. 27058737 6 64 theme muscle 961:966 arg1 content 977:983 skeletal muscle glycogen content 952:983 skeletal muscle glycogen content 952:983 Food intake, body composition, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, exercise capacity, skeletal muscle glycogen content and oxidative enzyme activity were determined. 27058737 4 65 theme = 632:632 arg1 n 630:630 n = 9 630:634 n = 9 630:634 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 4 65 theme = 632:632 arg1 Control 621:627 Control 621:627 Control (n = 9) 621:635 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 4 66 theme high-fat 700:707 arg1 diet 709:712 a high-fat diet 698:712 a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks 698:750 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 11 67 from endurance 1634:1642 arg1 rats 1684:1687 sedentary, diet-induced obese rats 1654:1687 sedentary, diet-induced obese rats 1654:1687 CONCLUSION Ten weeks of both TCTs and WPIs increased exercise endurance by 50% in sedentary, diet-induced obese rats. 27058737 6 68 theme exercise 933:940 arg1 capacity 942:949 exercise capacity 933:949 exercise capacity 933:949 Food intake, body composition, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, exercise capacity, skeletal muscle glycogen content and oxidative enzyme activity were determined. 27058737 12 69 theme adiposity 1763:1771 arg1 independent 1735:1745 independent 1735:1745 independent 1735:1745 These positive effects of TCTs and WPIs were independent of body weight, adiposity or glucose tolerance. 27058737 10 70 theme weight 1506:1511 arg1 gain 1513:1516 weight gain 1506:1516 weight gain 1506:1516 Neither supplement had any effect on weight gain, adiposity, glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity. 27058737 0 71 from Capacity 81:88 arg1 Rats 133:136 Diet -Induced Obese Male Sprague-Dawley Rats 93:136 Diet -Induced Obese Male Sprague-Dawley Rats 93:136 Tocotrienols and Whey Protein Isolates Substantially Increase Exercise Endurance Capacity in Diet -Induced Obese Male Sprague-Dawley Rats. 27058737 12 72 theme glucose 1776:1782 arg1 tolerance 1784:1792 glucose tolerance 1776:1792 glucose tolerance 1776:1792 These positive effects of TCTs and WPIs were independent of body weight, adiposity or glucose tolerance. 27058737 4 73 theme energy 722:727 arg1 energy 722:727 energy 722:727 energy from fat 722:736 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 4 73 theme energy 722:727 arg1 % 717:717 40% 715:717 40% of energy from fat 715:736 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 5 74 theme WPIs 843:846 arg1 day 824:826 day 824:826 day of TCTs and/or WPIs 824:846 Animals received 50mg/kg body weight and 8% of total energy intake per day of TCTs and/or WPIs respectively. 27058737 12 75 theme weight 1755:1760 arg1 independent 1735:1745 independent 1735:1745 independent 1735:1745 These positive effects of TCTs and WPIs were independent of body weight, adiposity or glucose tolerance. 27058737 7 76 theme ran 1064:1066 arg1 % 1071:1071 Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% 1040:1071 Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% 1040:1071 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 2 77 theme protein 266:272 arg1 WPIs 284:287 WPIs 284:287 WPIs 284:287 Both whey protein isolates (WPIs) and vitamin E tocotrienols (TCTs) exert favorable effects on obesity-related metabolic parameters. 27058737 2 77 theme protein 266:272 arg1 isolates 274:281 whey protein isolates 261:281 whey protein isolates (WPIs) 261:288 Both whey protein isolates (WPIs) and vitamin E tocotrienols (TCTs) exert favorable effects on obesity-related metabolic parameters. 27058737 6 78 theme oxidative 989:997 arg1 activity 1006:1013 oxidative enzyme activity 989:1013 oxidative enzyme activity 989:1013 Food intake, body composition, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, exercise capacity, skeletal muscle glycogen content and oxidative enzyme activity were determined. 27058737 4 79 from % 717:717 arg1 fat 734:736 fat 734:736 fat 734:736 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 0 80 theme Obese 107:111 arg1 Rats 133:136 Diet -Induced Obese Male Sprague-Dawley Rats 93:136 Diet -Induced Obese Male Sprague-Dawley Rats 93:136 Tocotrienols and Whey Protein Isolates Substantially Increase Exercise Endurance Capacity in Diet -Induced Obese Male Sprague-Dawley Rats. 27058737 7 81 theme ± 1263:1263 arg1 endurance 1247:1255 exercise endurance 1238:1255 exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m) 1238:1269 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 7 81 theme ± 1263:1263 arg1 104m 1265:1268 2068 ± 104m 1258:1268 2068 ± 104m 1258:1268 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 0 82 theme Sprague-Dawley 118:131 arg1 Rats 133:136 Diet -Induced Obese Male Sprague-Dawley Rats 93:136 Diet -Induced Obese Male Sprague-Dawley Rats 93:136 Tocotrienols and Whey Protein Isolates Substantially Increase Exercise Endurance Capacity in Diet -Induced Obese Male Sprague-Dawley Rats. 27058737 7 83 theme ± 1102:1102 arg1 265m 1104:1107 2195 ± 265m 1097:1107 2195 ± 265m 1097:1107 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 10 84 contain had 1488:1490 arg1 supplement 1477:1486 Neither supplement 1469:1486 Neither supplement 1469:1486 Neither supplement had any effect on weight gain, adiposity, glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity. 27058737 10 84 contain had 1488:1490 arg2 effect 1496:1501 any effect 1492:1501 any effect 1492:1501 Neither supplement had any effect on weight gain, adiposity, glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity. 27058737 11 85 theme TCTs 1601:1604 arg1 weeks 1587:1591 Ten weeks 1583:1591 CONCLUSION Ten weeks of both TCTs and WPIs 1572:1613 CONCLUSION Ten weeks of both TCTs and WPIs increased exercise endurance by 50% in sedentary, diet-induced obese rats. 27058737 4 86 dep diet 709:712 arg1 energy 722:727 energy 722:727 energy from fat 722:736 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 4 86 dep diet 709:712 arg1 % 717:717 40% 715:717 40% of energy from fat 715:736 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 8 87 dep in 1299:1300 arg1 vitro 1302:1306 vitro 1302:1306 vitro 1302:1306 WPIs increased the maximum in vitro activity of beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA in the soleus muscle (P<0.05 vs. Control) but not in the plantaris. 27058737 4 88 theme = 570:570 arg1 rats 562:565 Six week old male rats 544:565 Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g 544:593 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 4 88 theme = 570:570 arg1 n 568:568 n = 35 568:573 n = 35 568:573 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 3 89 theme improved 449:456 arg1 capacity 467:474 improved exercise capacity 449:474 improved exercise capacity 449:474 This research sought to determine whether these supplements improved exercise capacity and increased glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese rats. 27058737 0 90 theme Protein 22:28 arg1 Isolates 30:37 Whey Protein Isolates 17:37 Whey Protein Isolates 17:37 Tocotrienols and Whey Protein Isolates Substantially Increase Exercise Endurance Capacity in Diet -Induced Obese Male Sprague-Dawley Rats. 27058737 5 91 theme 50mg/kg 770:776 arg1 weight 783:788 50mg/kg body weight 770:788 50mg/kg body weight 770:788 Animals received 50mg/kg body weight and 8% of total energy intake per day of TCTs and/or WPIs respectively. 27058737 7 92 theme ± 1086:1086 arg1 185m 1088:1091 2271 ± 185m 1081:1091 2271 ± 185m 1081:1091 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 10 93 theme insulin 1551:1557 arg1 sensitivity 1559:1569 insulin sensitivity 1551:1569 insulin sensitivity 1551:1569 Neither supplement had any effect on weight gain, adiposity, glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity. 27058737 4 94 theme = 658:658 arg1 n 656:656 n = 8 656:660 n = 8 656:660 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 4 94 theme = 658:658 arg1 WPI 651:653 WPI 651:653 WPI (n = 8) 651:661 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 11 95 theme exercise 1625:1632 arg1 endurance 1634:1642 exercise endurance 1625:1642 exercise endurance by 50% in sedentary, diet-induced obese rats 1625:1687 CONCLUSION Ten weeks of both TCTs and WPIs increased exercise endurance by 50% in sedentary, diet-induced obese rats. 27058737 6 96 theme body 875:878 arg1 composition 880:890 body composition 875:890 body composition 875:890 Food intake, body composition, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, exercise capacity, skeletal muscle glycogen content and oxidative enzyme activity were determined. 27058737 4 97 theme male 557:560 arg1 rats 562:565 Six week old male rats 544:565 Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g 544:593 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 4 97 theme male 557:560 arg1 n 568:568 n = 35 568:573 n = 35 568:573 METHODS Six week old male rats (n = 35) weighing 187 ± 32g were allocated to either: Control (n = 9), TCT (n = 9), WPI (n = 8) or TCT + WPI (n = 9) and placed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy from fat) for 10 weeks. 27058737 3 98 theme increased 480:488 arg1 tolerance 498:506 increased glucose tolerance 480:506 increased glucose tolerance 480:506 This research sought to determine whether these supplements improved exercise capacity and increased glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese rats. 27058737 0 99 theme Exercise 62:69 arg1 Capacity 81:88 Exercise Endurance Capacity 62:88 Exercise Endurance Capacity in Diet -Induced Obese Male Sprague-Dawley Rats 62:136 Tocotrienols and Whey Protein Isolates Substantially Increase Exercise Endurance Capacity in Diet -Induced Obese Male Sprague-Dawley Rats. 27058737 8 100 theme maximum 1291:1297 arg1 activity 1308:1315 the maximum in vitro activity 1287:1315 the maximum in vitro activity of beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA in the soleus muscle (P<0.05 vs. Control) but not in the plantaris 1287:1406 WPIs increased the maximum in vitro activity of beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA in the soleus muscle (P<0.05 vs. Control) but not in the plantaris. 27058737 2 101 theme favorable 330:338 arg1 effects 340:346 favorable effects 330:346 favorable effects 330:346 Both whey protein isolates (WPIs) and vitamin E tocotrienols (TCTs) exert favorable effects on obesity-related metabolic parameters. 27058737 6 102 theme insulin 912:918 arg1 sensitivity 920:930 insulin sensitivity 912:930 insulin sensitivity 912:930 Food intake, body composition, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, exercise capacity, skeletal muscle glycogen content and oxidative enzyme activity were determined. 27058737 3 103 theme diet-induced 511:522 arg1 rats 530:533 diet-induced obese rats 511:533 diet-induced obese rats 511:533 This research sought to determine whether these supplements improved exercise capacity and increased glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese rats. 27058737 5 104 theme energy 806:811 arg1 intake 813:818 total energy intake 800:818 total energy intake 800:818 Animals received 50mg/kg body weight and 8% of total energy intake per day of TCTs and/or WPIs respectively. 27058737 7 105 theme WPI 1053:1055 arg1 groups 1057:1062 Both TCT and WPI groups 1040:1062 groups 1057:1062 RESULTS Both TCT and WPI groups ran >50% longer (2271 ± 185m and 2195 ± 265m respectively) than the Control group (1428 ± 139m) during the run to exhaustion test (P<0.05), TCT + WPI did not further improve exercise endurance (2068 ± 104m). 27058737 2 106 theme metabolic 367:375 arg1 parameters 377:386 obesity-related metabolic parameters 351:386 obesity-related metabolic parameters 351:386 Both whey protein isolates (WPIs) and vitamin E tocotrienols (TCTs) exert favorable effects on obesity-related metabolic parameters. 26362980 3 0 theme aerobic 298:304 arg1 rod 318:320 a strictly aerobic, non-motile rod 287:320 a strictly aerobic, non-motile rod that grew at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0), at 10-30 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10 % NaCl) 287:455 Strain NGS-2T was a strictly aerobic, non-motile rod that grew at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0), at 10-30 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10 % NaCl). 26362980 3 0 theme aerobic 298:304 arg1 NGS-2T 276:281 Strain NGS-2T 269:281 Strain NGS-2T 269:281 Strain NGS-2T was a strictly aerobic, non-motile rod that grew at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0), at 10-30 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10 % NaCl). 26362980 2 1 theme Gram-staining-positive 109:130 arg1 bacterium 155:163 A Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium 107:163 A Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium 107:163 A Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain NGS-2T, was isolated from sediment of a solar saltern pond located in Shinan, Korea. 26362980 7 2 theme G+C 1197:1199 arg1 content 1201:1207 The DNA G+C content 1189:1207 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate 1189:1228 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate was 45.0 mol%. 26362980 7 2 theme G+C 1197:1199 arg1 % 1242:1242 45.0 mol% 1234:1242 45.0 mol% 1234:1242 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate was 45.0 mol%. 26362980 7 3 theme isolate 1222:1228 arg1 content 1201:1207 The DNA G+C content 1189:1207 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate 1189:1228 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate was 45.0 mol%. 26362980 7 3 theme isolate 1222:1228 arg1 % 1242:1242 45.0 mol% 1234:1242 45.0 mol% 1234:1242 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate was 45.0 mol%. 26362980 4 4 theme sequence 583:590 arg1 similarity 592:601 sequence similarity 583:601 sequence similarity of 98.4-95.8 % to existing type strains 583:641 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGS-2T belonged to the genus Halobacillus, with sequence similarity of 98.4-95.8 % to existing type strains, showing the highest sequence similarity to Halobacillus dabanensis D-8T (98.4 %), H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %), H. trueperi SL-5T (98.2 %), H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %), H. profundi IS-Hb4T (98.1 %) and H. mangrovi MS10T (98.0 %). 26362980 5 5 theme polar 882:886 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 900:919 phosphatidylglycerol 900:919 phosphatidylglycerol 900:919 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine and an unknown glycolipid. 26362980 5 5 theme polar 882:886 arg1 lipids 888:893 The major polar lipids 872:893 The major polar lipids 872:893 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine and an unknown glycolipid. 26362980 8 6 theme strain 1283:1288 arg1 NGS-2T 1290:1295 strain NGS-2T 1283:1295 strain NGS-2T 1283:1295 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NGS-2T and the type strains of 12 other species of the genus ranged from 32 to 3 %. 26362980 3 7 dep optimum 348:354 arg1 pH 8.0 357:362 pH 8.0 357:362 pH 8.0 357:362 Strain NGS-2T was a strictly aerobic, non-motile rod that grew at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0), at 10-30 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10 % NaCl). 26362980 3 8 theme w/v 426:428 arg1 optimum 437:443 optimum 437:443 optimum 437:443 Strain NGS-2T was a strictly aerobic, non-motile rod that grew at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0), at 10-30 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10 % NaCl). 26362980 3 8 theme w/v 426:428 arg1 NaCl 431:434 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl 418:434 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10 % NaCl) 418:455 Strain NGS-2T was a strictly aerobic, non-motile rod that grew at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0), at 10-30 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10 % NaCl). 26362980 4 9 theme Phylogenetic 458:469 arg1 analyses 471:478 Phylogenetic analyses 458:478 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 458:511 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGS-2T belonged to the genus Halobacillus, with sequence similarity of 98.4-95.8 % to existing type strains, showing the highest sequence similarity to Halobacillus dabanensis D-8T (98.4 %), H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %), H. trueperi SL-5T (98.2 %), H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %), H. profundi IS-Hb4T (98.1 %) and H. mangrovi MS10T (98.0 %). 26362980 9 10 theme Halobacillus 1493:1504 arg1 species 1472:1478 a novel species 1464:1478 a novel species 1464:1478 On the basis of the polyphasic analysis conducted in this study, strain NGS-2T represents a novel species of the genus Halobacillus, for which the name Halobacillus sediminis sp. 26362980 8 11 dep 3  1369:1370 arg1 to 1366:1367 to 1366:1367 to 1366:1367 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NGS-2T and the type strains of 12 other species of the genus ranged from 32 to 3 %. 26362980 1 12 theme halophilic 46:55 arg1 bacterium 57:65 a moderately halophilic bacterium 33:65 a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a solar saltern sediment 33:104 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a solar saltern sediment. 26362980 6 13 theme isoprenoid 1079:1088 arg1 quinone 1090:1096 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 1063:1096 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 1063:1096 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was based on l-Orn-d-Asp, the predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15: 0 and anteiso-C17: 0. 26362980 6 13 theme isoprenoid 1079:1088 arg1 menaquinone 1102:1112 menaquinone 7 1102:1114 menaquinone 7 (MK-7) 1102:1121 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was based on l-Orn-d-Asp, the predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15: 0 and anteiso-C17: 0. 26362980 9 14 theme polyphasic 1394:1403 arg1 analysis 1405:1412 the polyphasic analysis 1390:1412 the polyphasic analysis conducted in this study 1390:1436 On the basis of the polyphasic analysis conducted in this study, strain NGS-2T represents a novel species of the genus Halobacillus, for which the name Halobacillus sediminis sp. 26362980 9 15 theme genus 1487:1491 arg1 Halobacillus 1493:1504 the genus Halobacillus 1483:1504 the genus Halobacillus 1483:1504 On the basis of the polyphasic analysis conducted in this study, strain NGS-2T represents a novel species of the genus Halobacillus, for which the name Halobacillus sediminis sp. 26362980 6 16 theme fatty 1137:1141 arg1 anteiso-C15 1154:1164 anteiso-C15 1154:1164 anteiso-C15 1154:1164 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was based on l-Orn-d-Asp, the predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15: 0 and anteiso-C17: 0. 26362980 6 16 theme fatty 1137:1141 arg1 acids 1143:1147 the major fatty acids 1127:1147 the major fatty acids 1127:1147 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was based on l-Orn-d-Asp, the predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15: 0 and anteiso-C17: 0. 26362980 7 17 theme 45.0 mol 1234:1241 arg1 content 1201:1207 The DNA G+C content 1189:1207 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate 1189:1228 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate was 45.0 mol%. 26362980 7 17 theme 45.0 mol 1234:1241 arg1 % 1242:1242 45.0 mol% 1234:1242 45.0 mol% 1234:1242 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate was 45.0 mol%. 26362980 6 18 theme predominant 1067:1077 arg1 quinone 1090:1096 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 1063:1096 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 1063:1096 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was based on l-Orn-d-Asp, the predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15: 0 and anteiso-C17: 0. 26362980 6 18 theme predominant 1067:1077 arg1 menaquinone 1102:1112 menaquinone 7 1102:1114 menaquinone 7 (MK-7) 1102:1121 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was based on l-Orn-d-Asp, the predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15: 0 and anteiso-C17: 0. 26362980 4 19 theme highest 656:662 arg1 similarity 673:682 the highest sequence similarity 652:682 the highest sequence similarity to Halobacillus dabanensis D-8T (98.4 %), H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %), H. trueperi SL-5T (98.2 %), H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %), H. profundi IS-Hb4T (98.1 %) and H. mangrovi MS10T (98.0 %) 652:869 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGS-2T belonged to the genus Halobacillus, with sequence similarity of 98.4-95.8 % to existing type strains, showing the highest sequence similarity to Halobacillus dabanensis D-8T (98.4 %), H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %), H. trueperi SL-5T (98.2 %), H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %), H. profundi IS-Hb4T (98.1 %) and H. mangrovi MS10T (98.0 %). 26362980 9 20 theme name 1521:1524 arg1 sp 1549:1550 the name Halobacillus sediminis sp 1517:1550 the name Halobacillus sediminis sp 1517:1550 On the basis of the polyphasic analysis conducted in this study, strain NGS-2T represents a novel species of the genus Halobacillus, for which the name Halobacillus sediminis sp. 26362980 11 21 theme type 1575:1578 arg1 NGS-2T 1590:1595 NGS-2T 1590:1595 NGS-2T ( = KACC 18263T = NBRC 110639T) 1590:1627 The type strain is NGS-2T ( = KACC 18263T = NBRC 110639T). 26362980 11 21 theme type 1575:1578 arg1 strain 1580:1585 The type strain 1571:1585 The type strain 1571:1585 The type strain is NGS-2T ( = KACC 18263T = NBRC 110639T). 26362980 7 22 theme novel 1216:1220 arg1 isolate 1222:1228 the novel isolate 1212:1228 the novel isolate 1212:1228 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate was 45.0 mol%. 26362980 3 23 dep optimum 437:443 arg1 NaCl 451:454 10 % NaCl 446:454 10 % NaCl 446:454 Strain NGS-2T was a strictly aerobic, non-motile rod that grew at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0), at 10-30 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10 % NaCl). 26362980 0 24 theme sediminis 13:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Halobacillus sediminis sp 0:24 Halobacillus sediminis sp. 0:25 Halobacillus sediminis sp. 26362980 5 25 theme unknown 989:995 arg1 glycolipid 997:1006 an unknown glycolipid 986:1006 an unknown glycolipid 986:1006 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine and an unknown glycolipid. 26362980 4 26 theme existing 621:628 arg1 strains 635:641 existing type strains 621:641 existing type strains 621:641 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGS-2T belonged to the genus Halobacillus, with sequence similarity of 98.4-95.8 % to existing type strains, showing the highest sequence similarity to Halobacillus dabanensis D-8T (98.4 %), H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %), H. trueperi SL-5T (98.2 %), H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %), H. profundi IS-Hb4T (98.1 %) and H. mangrovi MS10T (98.0 %). 26362980 4 27 theme genus 558:562 arg1 Halobacillus 564:575 the genus Halobacillus 554:575 the genus Halobacillus 554:575 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGS-2T belonged to the genus Halobacillus, with sequence similarity of 98.4-95.8 % to existing type strains, showing the highest sequence similarity to Halobacillus dabanensis D-8T (98.4 %), H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %), H. trueperi SL-5T (98.2 %), H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %), H. profundi IS-Hb4T (98.1 %) and H. mangrovi MS10T (98.0 %). 26362980 0 28 theme Halobacillus 0:11 arg1 sp 23:24 Halobacillus sediminis sp 0:24 Halobacillus sediminis sp. 0:25 Halobacillus sediminis sp. 26362980 1 29 theme solar 83:87 arg1 sediment 97:104 a solar saltern sediment 81:104 a solar saltern sediment 81:104 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a solar saltern sediment. 26362980 2 30 from located 243:249 arg1 Korea 262:266 Korea 262:266 Korea 262:266 A Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain NGS-2T, was isolated from sediment of a solar saltern pond located in Shinan, Korea. 26362980 2 31 attach isolated 196:203 arg2 bacterium 155:163 A Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium 107:163 A Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium 107:163 A Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain NGS-2T, was isolated from sediment of a solar saltern pond located in Shinan, Korea. 26362980 2 31 attach isolated 196:203 arg1 sediment 210:217 sediment 210:217 sediment of a solar saltern pond located in Shinan, Korea 210:266 A Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain NGS-2T, was isolated from sediment of a solar saltern pond located in Shinan, Korea. 26362980 9 32 theme Halobacillus 1526:1537 arg1 sp 1549:1550 the name Halobacillus sediminis sp 1517:1550 the name Halobacillus sediminis sp 1517:1550 On the basis of the polyphasic analysis conducted in this study, strain NGS-2T represents a novel species of the genus Halobacillus, for which the name Halobacillus sediminis sp. 26362980 3 33 dep aerobic 298:304 arg1 non-motile 307:316 non-motile 307:316 non-motile 307:316 Strain NGS-2T was a strictly aerobic, non-motile rod that grew at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0), at 10-30 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10 % NaCl). 26362980 3 34 theme % 449:449 arg1 NaCl 451:454 10 % NaCl 446:454 10 % NaCl 446:454 Strain NGS-2T was a strictly aerobic, non-motile rod that grew at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0), at 10-30 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10 % NaCl). 26362980 8 35 theme relatedness 1263:1273 arg1 strains 1310:1316 the type strains 1301:1316 the type strains of 12 other species of the genus 1301:1349 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NGS-2T and the type strains of 12 other species of the genus ranged from 32 to 3 %. 26362980 8 35 theme relatedness 1263:1273 arg1 Levels 1245:1250 Levels 1245:1250 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NGS-2T 1245:1295 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NGS-2T and the type strains of 12 other species of the genus ranged from 32 to 3 %. 26362980 7 36 theme DNA 1193:1195 arg1 content 1201:1207 The DNA G+C content 1189:1207 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate 1189:1228 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate was 45.0 mol%. 26362980 7 36 theme DNA 1193:1195 arg1 % 1242:1242 45.0 mol% 1234:1242 45.0 mol% 1234:1242 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate was 45.0 mol%. 26362980 8 37 theme other 1324:1328 arg1 species 1330:1336 12 other species 1321:1336 12 other species of the genus 1321:1349 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NGS-2T and the type strains of 12 other species of the genus ranged from 32 to 3 %. 26362980 3 38 theme Strain 269:274 arg1 rod 318:320 a strictly aerobic, non-motile rod 287:320 a strictly aerobic, non-motile rod that grew at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0), at 10-30 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10 % NaCl) 287:455 Strain NGS-2T was a strictly aerobic, non-motile rod that grew at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0), at 10-30 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10 % NaCl). 26362980 3 38 theme Strain 269:274 arg1 NGS-2T 276:281 Strain NGS-2T 269:281 Strain NGS-2T 269:281 Strain NGS-2T was a strictly aerobic, non-motile rod that grew at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0), at 10-30 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10 % NaCl). 26362980 4 39 theme type 630:633 arg1 strains 635:641 existing type strains 621:641 existing type strains 621:641 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGS-2T belonged to the genus Halobacillus, with sequence similarity of 98.4-95.8 % to existing type strains, showing the highest sequence similarity to Halobacillus dabanensis D-8T (98.4 %), H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %), H. trueperi SL-5T (98.2 %), H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %), H. profundi IS-Hb4T (98.1 %) and H. mangrovi MS10T (98.0 %). 26362980 6 40 theme major 1131:1135 arg1 anteiso-C15 1154:1164 anteiso-C15 1154:1164 anteiso-C15 1154:1164 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was based on l-Orn-d-Asp, the predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15: 0 and anteiso-C17: 0. 26362980 6 40 theme major 1131:1135 arg1 acids 1143:1147 the major fatty acids 1127:1147 the major fatty acids 1127:1147 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was based on l-Orn-d-Asp, the predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15: 0 and anteiso-C17: 0. 26362980 1 41 attach isolated 67:74 arg2 bacterium 57:65 a moderately halophilic bacterium 33:65 a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a solar saltern sediment 33:104 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a solar saltern sediment. 26362980 1 41 attach isolated 67:74 arg1 sediment 97:104 a solar saltern sediment 81:104 a solar saltern sediment 81:104 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a solar saltern sediment. 26362980 2 42 theme saltern 230:236 arg1 sediment 210:217 sediment 210:217 sediment of a solar saltern pond located in Shinan, Korea 210:266 A Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain NGS-2T, was isolated from sediment of a solar saltern pond located in Shinan, Korea. 26362980 11 43 theme 18263T = NBRC 1606:1618 arg1 110639T 1620:1626  = KACC 18263T = NBRC 110639T 1598:1626  = KACC 18263T = NBRC 110639T 1598:1626 The type strain is NGS-2T ( = KACC 18263T = NBRC 110639T). 26362980 11 43 theme 18263T = NBRC 1606:1618 arg1 NGS-2T 1590:1595 NGS-2T 1590:1595 NGS-2T ( = KACC 18263T = NBRC 110639T) 1590:1627 The type strain is NGS-2T ( = KACC 18263T = NBRC 110639T). 26362980 9 44 dep Halobacillus 1526:1537 arg1 sediminis 1539:1547 sediminis 1539:1547 sediminis 1539:1547 On the basis of the polyphasic analysis conducted in this study, strain NGS-2T represents a novel species of the genus Halobacillus, for which the name Halobacillus sediminis sp. 26362980 9 45 theme strain 1439:1444 arg1 NGS-2T 1446:1451 strain NGS-2T 1439:1451 strain NGS-2T 1439:1451 On the basis of the polyphasic analysis conducted in this study, strain NGS-2T represents a novel species of the genus Halobacillus, for which the name Halobacillus sediminis sp. 26362980 2 46 theme strain 177:182 arg1 NGS-2T 184:189 strain NGS-2T 177:189 strain NGS-2T 177:189 A Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain NGS-2T, was isolated from sediment of a solar saltern pond located in Shinan, Korea. 26362980 2 47 theme solar 224:228 arg1 saltern 230:236 a solar saltern pond 222:241 a solar saltern pond located in Shinan, Korea 222:266 A Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain NGS-2T, was isolated from sediment of a solar saltern pond located in Shinan, Korea. 26362980 4 48 theme strain 528:533 arg1 NGS-2T 535:540 strain NGS-2T 528:540 strain NGS-2T 528:540 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGS-2T belonged to the genus Halobacillus, with sequence similarity of 98.4-95.8 % to existing type strains, showing the highest sequence similarity to Halobacillus dabanensis D-8T (98.4 %), H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %), H. trueperi SL-5T (98.2 %), H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %), H. profundi IS-Hb4T (98.1 %) and H. mangrovi MS10T (98.0 %). 26362980 8 49 theme species 1330:1336 arg1 strains 1310:1316 the type strains 1301:1316 the type strains of 12 other species of the genus 1301:1349 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NGS-2T and the type strains of 12 other species of the genus ranged from 32 to 3 %. 26362980 8 49 theme species 1330:1336 arg1 Levels 1245:1250 Levels 1245:1250 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NGS-2T 1245:1295 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NGS-2T and the type strains of 12 other species of the genus ranged from 32 to 3 %. 26362980 8 50 theme DNA-DNA 1255:1261 arg1 relatedness 1263:1273 DNA-DNA relatedness 1255:1273 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NGS-2T 1255:1295 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NGS-2T and the type strains of 12 other species of the genus ranged from 32 to 3 %. 26362980 8 51 theme type 1305:1308 arg1 strains 1310:1316 the type strains 1301:1316 the type strains of 12 other species of the genus 1301:1349 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NGS-2T and the type strains of 12 other species of the genus ranged from 32 to 3 %. 26362980 9 52 dep analysis 1405:1412 arg1 the 1377:1379 the 1377:1379 the 1377:1379 On the basis of the polyphasic analysis conducted in this study, strain NGS-2T represents a novel species of the genus Halobacillus, for which the name Halobacillus sediminis sp. 26362980 9 52 dep analysis 1405:1412 arg1 basis 1381:1385 basis 1381:1385 basis 1381:1385 On the basis of the polyphasic analysis conducted in this study, strain NGS-2T represents a novel species of the genus Halobacillus, for which the name Halobacillus sediminis sp. 26362980 8 53 theme genus 1345:1349 arg1 species 1330:1336 12 other species 1321:1336 12 other species of the genus 1321:1349 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NGS-2T and the type strains of 12 other species of the genus ranged from 32 to 3 %. 26362980 4 54 dep H. 783:784 arg1 IGA7-4T 793:799 IGA7-4T 793:799 H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %) 783:808 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGS-2T belonged to the genus Halobacillus, with sequence similarity of 98.4-95.8 % to existing type strains, showing the highest sequence similarity to Halobacillus dabanensis D-8T (98.4 %), H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %), H. trueperi SL-5T (98.2 %), H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %), H. profundi IS-Hb4T (98.1 %) and H. mangrovi MS10T (98.0 %). 26362980 4 54 dep H. 783:784 arg1 % 807:807 98.2 % 802:807 98.2 % 802:807 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGS-2T belonged to the genus Halobacillus, with sequence similarity of 98.4-95.8 % to existing type strains, showing the highest sequence similarity to Halobacillus dabanensis D-8T (98.4 %), H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %), H. trueperi SL-5T (98.2 %), H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %), H. profundi IS-Hb4T (98.1 %) and H. mangrovi MS10T (98.0 %). 26362980 4 54 dep H. 783:784 arg1 faecis 786:791 H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %) 783:808 H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %) 783:808 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGS-2T belonged to the genus Halobacillus, with sequence similarity of 98.4-95.8 % to existing type strains, showing the highest sequence similarity to Halobacillus dabanensis D-8T (98.4 %), H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %), H. trueperi SL-5T (98.2 %), H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %), H. profundi IS-Hb4T (98.1 %) and H. mangrovi MS10T (98.0 %). 26362980 4 55 dep H. 726:727 arg1 SL-4T 739:743 SL-4T 739:743 H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %) 726:752 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGS-2T belonged to the genus Halobacillus, with sequence similarity of 98.4-95.8 % to existing type strains, showing the highest sequence similarity to Halobacillus dabanensis D-8T (98.4 %), H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %), H. trueperi SL-5T (98.2 %), H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %), H. profundi IS-Hb4T (98.1 %) and H. mangrovi MS10T (98.0 %). 26362980 4 55 dep H. 726:727 arg1 % 751:751 98.4 % 746:751 98.4 % 746:751 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGS-2T belonged to the genus Halobacillus, with sequence similarity of 98.4-95.8 % to existing type strains, showing the highest sequence similarity to Halobacillus dabanensis D-8T (98.4 %), H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %), H. trueperi SL-5T (98.2 %), H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %), H. profundi IS-Hb4T (98.1 %) and H. mangrovi MS10T (98.0 %). 26362980 4 55 dep H. 726:727 arg1 litoralis 729:737 H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %) 726:752 H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %) 726:752 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGS-2T belonged to the genus Halobacillus, with sequence similarity of 98.4-95.8 % to existing type strains, showing the highest sequence similarity to Halobacillus dabanensis D-8T (98.4 %), H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %), H. trueperi SL-5T (98.2 %), H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %), H. profundi IS-Hb4T (98.1 %) and H. mangrovi MS10T (98.0 %). 26362980 3 56 theme % 423:423 arg1 optimum 437:443 optimum 437:443 optimum 437:443 Strain NGS-2T was a strictly aerobic, non-motile rod that grew at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0), at 10-30 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10 % NaCl). 26362980 3 56 theme % 423:423 arg1 NaCl 431:434 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl 418:434 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10 % NaCl) 418:455 Strain NGS-2T was a strictly aerobic, non-motile rod that grew at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0), at 10-30 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10 % NaCl). 26362980 2 57 from Korea 262:266 arg1 located 243:249 located 243:249 located 243:249 A Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain NGS-2T, was isolated from sediment of a solar saltern pond located in Shinan, Korea. 26362980 2 58 dep Gram-staining-positive 109:130 arg1 halophilic 144:153 halophilic 144:153 halophilic 144:153 A Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain NGS-2T, was isolated from sediment of a solar saltern pond located in Shinan, Korea. 26362980 6 59 theme cell-wall 1013:1021 arg1 peptidoglycan 1023:1035 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1009:1035 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1009:1035 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was based on l-Orn-d-Asp, the predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15: 0 and anteiso-C17: 0. 26362980 3 60 dep optimum 379:385 arg1 28 °C 388:392 28 °C 388:392 28 °C 388:392 Strain NGS-2T was a strictly aerobic, non-motile rod that grew at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0), at 10-30 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10 % NaCl). 26362980 4 61 theme % 616:616 arg1 similarity 592:601 sequence similarity 583:601 sequence similarity of 98.4-95.8 % to existing type strains 583:641 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGS-2T belonged to the genus Halobacillus, with sequence similarity of 98.4-95.8 % to existing type strains, showing the highest sequence similarity to Halobacillus dabanensis D-8T (98.4 %), H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %), H. trueperi SL-5T (98.2 %), H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %), H. profundi IS-Hb4T (98.1 %) and H. mangrovi MS10T (98.0 %). 26362980 1 62 theme saltern 89:95 arg1 sediment 97:104 a solar saltern sediment 81:104 a solar saltern sediment 81:104 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a solar saltern sediment. 26362980 4 63 theme rRNA 493:496 arg1 sequences 503:511 16S rRNA gene sequences 489:511 16S rRNA gene sequences 489:511 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGS-2T belonged to the genus Halobacillus, with sequence similarity of 98.4-95.8 % to existing type strains, showing the highest sequence similarity to Halobacillus dabanensis D-8T (98.4 %), H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %), H. trueperi SL-5T (98.2 %), H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %), H. profundi IS-Hb4T (98.1 %) and H. mangrovi MS10T (98.0 %). 26362980 9 64 theme novel 1466:1470 arg1 species 1472:1478 a novel species 1464:1478 a novel species 1464:1478 On the basis of the polyphasic analysis conducted in this study, strain NGS-2T represents a novel species of the genus Halobacillus, for which the name Halobacillus sediminis sp. 26362980 11 65 theme  = KACC 1598:1604 arg1 110639T 1620:1626  = KACC 18263T = NBRC 110639T 1598:1626  = KACC 18263T = NBRC 110639T 1598:1626 The type strain is NGS-2T ( = KACC 18263T = NBRC 110639T). 26362980 11 65 theme  = KACC 1598:1604 arg1 NGS-2T 1590:1595 NGS-2T 1590:1595 NGS-2T ( = KACC 18263T = NBRC 110639T) 1590:1627 The type strain is NGS-2T ( = KACC 18263T = NBRC 110639T). 26362980 4 66 theme sequence 664:671 arg1 similarity 673:682 the highest sequence similarity 652:682 the highest sequence similarity to Halobacillus dabanensis D-8T (98.4 %), H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %), H. trueperi SL-5T (98.2 %), H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %), H. profundi IS-Hb4T (98.1 %) and H. mangrovi MS10T (98.0 %) 652:869 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGS-2T belonged to the genus Halobacillus, with sequence similarity of 98.4-95.8 % to existing type strains, showing the highest sequence similarity to Halobacillus dabanensis D-8T (98.4 %), H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %), H. trueperi SL-5T (98.2 %), H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %), H. profundi IS-Hb4T (98.1 %) and H. mangrovi MS10T (98.0 %). 26362980 1 67 dep bacterium 57:65 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a solar saltern sediment. 26362980 4 68 theme 16S 489:491 arg1 sequences 503:511 16S rRNA gene sequences 489:511 16S rRNA gene sequences 489:511 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGS-2T belonged to the genus Halobacillus, with sequence similarity of 98.4-95.8 % to existing type strains, showing the highest sequence similarity to Halobacillus dabanensis D-8T (98.4 %), H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %), H. trueperi SL-5T (98.2 %), H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %), H. profundi IS-Hb4T (98.1 %) and H. mangrovi MS10T (98.0 %). 26362980 2 69 theme located 243:249 arg1 saltern 230:236 a solar saltern pond 222:241 a solar saltern pond located in Shinan, Korea 222:266 A Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain NGS-2T, was isolated from sediment of a solar saltern pond located in Shinan, Korea. 26362980 5 70 theme major 876:880 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 900:919 phosphatidylglycerol 900:919 phosphatidylglycerol 900:919 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine and an unknown glycolipid. 26362980 5 70 theme major 876:880 arg1 lipids 888:893 The major polar lipids 872:893 The major polar lipids 872:893 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine and an unknown glycolipid. 26362980 2 71 theme pond 238:241 arg1 saltern 230:236 a solar saltern pond 222:241 a solar saltern pond located in Shinan, Korea 222:266 A Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain NGS-2T, was isolated from sediment of a solar saltern pond located in Shinan, Korea. 26362980 6 72 dep anteiso-C15 1154:1164 arg1  0 1185:1186  0 1185:1186  0 1185:1186 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was based on l-Orn-d-Asp, the predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15: 0 and anteiso-C17: 0. 26362980 6 72 dep anteiso-C15 1154:1164 arg1 anteiso-C17 1173:1183 anteiso-C17 1173:1183 anteiso-C17 1173:1183 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was based on l-Orn-d-Asp, the predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15: 0 and anteiso-C17: 0. 26362980 6 72 dep anteiso-C15 1154:1164 arg1  0 1166:1167  0 1166:1167  0 1166:1167 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was based on l-Orn-d-Asp, the predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15: 0 and anteiso-C17: 0. 26362980 3 73 theme NaCl 431:434 arg1 presence 406:413 the presence 402:413 the presence of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10 % NaCl) 402:455 Strain NGS-2T was a strictly aerobic, non-motile rod that grew at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0), at 10-30 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10 % NaCl). 26362980 4 74 theme gene 498:501 arg1 sequences 503:511 16S rRNA gene sequences 489:511 16S rRNA gene sequences 489:511 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGS-2T belonged to the genus Halobacillus, with sequence similarity of 98.4-95.8 % to existing type strains, showing the highest sequence similarity to Halobacillus dabanensis D-8T (98.4 %), H. litoralis SL-4T (98.4 %), H. trueperi SL-5T (98.2 %), H. faecis IGA7-4T (98.2 %), H. profundi IS-Hb4T (98.1 %) and H. mangrovi MS10T (98.0 %). 25908711 2 0 theme N 342:342 arg1 fertilizer 344:353 half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer 302:353 fertilizer 344:353 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 4 1 theme OMN17T 551:556 arg1 peptidoglycan 527:539 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 513:539 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T 513:556 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. 25908711 4 1 theme OMN17T 551:556 arg1 A4α 567:569 type A4α 562:569 type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) 562:588 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. 25908711 2 2 theme OMN 283:285 arg1 fertilization 287:299 long-term OMN fertilization 273:299 long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China 273:372 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 1 3 theme Lysinibacillus 108:121 arg1 description 87:97 description 87:97 description of genus Lysinibacillus 87:121 nov., an extremely alkaliphilic bacterium, and emended description of genus Lysinibacillus. 25908711 4 4 theme cell-wall 598:606 arg1 traces 628:633 ribose, traces 620:633 traces 628:633 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. 25908711 4 4 theme cell-wall 598:606 arg1 sugars 608:613 the cell-wall sugars 594:613 the cell-wall sugars 594:613 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. 25908711 9 5 theme relatedness 1340:1350 arg1 % 1368:1368 21.8 ± 0.2% 1358:1368 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans 1358:1389 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 9 5 theme relatedness 1340:1350 arg1 degree 1330:1335 the degree 1326:1335 the degree of relatedness 1326:1350 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 2 6 theme organic 307:313 arg1 N 322:322 half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer 302:353 N 322:322 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 8 7 theme strain 950:955 arg1 OMN17T 957:962 strain OMN17T 950:962 strain OMN17T 950:962 Phylogenetic analysis of strain OMN17T based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain was most closely related to Lysinibacillus halotolerans (97.8%), Lysinibacillus sinduriensis (97.5%), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi (97.4%) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus (97.0%). 25908711 10 8 theme strain 1522:1527 arg1 OMN17T 1529:1534 strain OMN17T 1522:1534 strain OMN17T 1522:1534 The DNA G+C content of strain OMN17T was 38.1 mol%. 25908711 10 9 theme DNA 1503:1505 arg1 content 1511:1517 The DNA G+C content 1499:1517 The DNA G+C content of strain OMN17T 1499:1534 The DNA G+C content of strain OMN17T was 38.1 mol%. 25908711 10 9 theme DNA 1503:1505 arg1 % 1548:1548 38.1 mol% 1540:1548 38.1 mol% 1540:1548 The DNA G+C content of strain OMN17T was 38.1 mol%. 25908711 11 10 theme name 1690:1693 arg1 sp 1723:1724 the name Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp 1686:1724 the name Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp 1686:1724 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analyses identified strain OMN17T as a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 25908711 13 11 theme AB 1794:1795 arg1 2014073T 1797:1804  = DSM 28019T = CCTCC AB 2014073T 1772:1804  = DSM 28019T = CCTCC AB 2014073T 1772:1804 The type strain is OMN17T ( = DSM 28019T = CCTCC AB 2014073T). 25908711 13 11 theme AB 1794:1795 arg1 OMN17T 1764:1769 OMN17T 1764:1769 OMN17T ( = DSM 28019T = CCTCC AB 2014073T) 1764:1805 The type strain is OMN17T ( = DSM 28019T = CCTCC AB 2014073T). 25908711 11 12 theme novel 1633:1637 arg1 species 1639:1645 a novel species 1631:1645 a novel species 1631:1645 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analyses identified strain OMN17T as a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 25908711 11 12 theme novel 1633:1637 arg1 OMN17T 1621:1626 strain OMN17T 1614:1626 strain OMN17T 1614:1626 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analyses identified strain OMN17T as a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 25908711 2 13 theme loam 257:260 arg1 soil 262:265 a typical sandy loam soil 241:265 a typical sandy loam soil 241:265 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 2 14 from fertilization 287:299 arg1 China 368:372 northern China 359:372 northern China 359:372 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 2 15 theme typical 243:249 arg1 soil 262:265 a typical sandy loam soil 241:265 a typical sandy loam soil 241:265 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 2 16 dep fertilization 287:299 arg1 fertilizer 344:353 half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer 302:353 fertilizer 344:353 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 2 16 dep fertilization 287:299 arg1 N 322:322 half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer 302:353 N 322:322 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 11 17 theme genus 1654:1658 arg1 Lysinibacillus 1660:1673 the genus Lysinibacillus 1650:1673 the genus Lysinibacillus 1650:1673 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analyses identified strain OMN17T as a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 25908711 3 18 contain containing 485:494 arg1 medium 478:483 medium 478:483 medium containing 0.5% (w/v) NaCl 478:510 The best growth was achieved at 30 °C and pH 8-10 in medium containing 0.5% (w/v) NaCl. 25908711 3 18 contain containing 485:494 arg2 NaCl 507:510 0.5% (w/v) NaCl 496:510 0.5% (w/v) NaCl 496:510 The best growth was achieved at 30 °C and pH 8-10 in medium containing 0.5% (w/v) NaCl. 25908711 13 19 theme  = DSM 1772:1777 arg1 2014073T 1797:1804  = DSM 28019T = CCTCC AB 2014073T 1772:1804  = DSM 28019T = CCTCC AB 2014073T 1772:1804 The type strain is OMN17T ( = DSM 28019T = CCTCC AB 2014073T). 25908711 13 19 theme  = DSM 1772:1777 arg1 OMN17T 1764:1769 OMN17T 1764:1769 OMN17T ( = DSM 28019T = CCTCC AB 2014073T) 1764:1805 The type strain is OMN17T ( = DSM 28019T = CCTCC AB 2014073T). 25908711 2 20 attach isolated 227:234 arg2 strain 208:213 strain OMN17T 208:220 strain OMN17T 208:220 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 2 20 attach isolated 227:234 arg2 bacterium 197:205 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium 124:205 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium 124:205 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 2 20 attach isolated 227:234 arg1 soil 262:265 a typical sandy loam soil 241:265 a typical sandy loam soil 241:265 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 9 21 with % 1402:1402 arg1 sinduriensis 1412:1423 L. sinduriensis 1409:1423 L. sinduriensis 1409:1423 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 9 21 with % 1402:1402 arg1 chungkukjangi 1446:1458 chungkukjangi 1446:1458 chungkukjangi 1446:1458 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 9 21 with % 1402:1402 arg1 xylanilyticus 1484:1496 L. xylanilyticus 1481:1496 L. xylanilyticus 1481:1496 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 9 21 with % 1402:1402 arg1 halotolerans 1378:1389 L. halotolerans 1375:1389 L. halotolerans 1375:1389 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 10 22 theme 38.1 mol 1540:1547 arg1 content 1511:1517 The DNA G+C content 1499:1517 The DNA G+C content of strain OMN17T 1499:1534 The DNA G+C content of strain OMN17T was 38.1 mol%. 25908711 10 22 theme 38.1 mol 1540:1547 arg1 % 1548:1548 38.1 mol% 1540:1548 38.1 mol% 1540:1548 The DNA G+C content of strain OMN17T was 38.1 mol%. 25908711 9 23 theme hybridization 1216:1228 arg1 results 1230:1236 The DNA-DNA hybridization results 1204:1236 The DNA-DNA hybridization results 1204:1236 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 8 24 theme rRNA 981:984 arg1 sequence 991:998 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 973:998 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 973:998 Phylogenetic analysis of strain OMN17T based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain was most closely related to Lysinibacillus halotolerans (97.8%), Lysinibacillus sinduriensis (97.5%), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi (97.4%) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus (97.0%). 25908711 9 25 dep distinct 1269:1276 arg1 % 1402:1402 45.6 ± 1.8% 1392:1402 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis 1392:1423 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 9 25 dep distinct 1269:1276 arg1 % 1436:1436 33.7 ± 1.2% 1426:1436 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi 1426:1458 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 9 25 dep distinct 1269:1276 arg1 % 1474:1474 23.7 ± 0.7% 1464:1474 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus 1464:1496 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 9 25 dep distinct 1269:1276 arg1 % 1368:1368 21.8 ± 0.2% 1358:1368 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans 1358:1389 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 9 25 dep distinct 1269:1276 arg1 degree 1330:1335 the degree 1326:1335 the degree of relatedness 1326:1350 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 10 26 theme OMN17T 1529:1534 arg1 content 1511:1517 The DNA G+C content 1499:1517 The DNA G+C content of strain OMN17T 1499:1534 The DNA G+C content of strain OMN17T was 38.1 mol%. 25908711 10 26 theme OMN17T 1529:1534 arg1 % 1548:1548 38.1 mol% 1540:1548 38.1 mol% 1540:1548 The DNA G+C content of strain OMN17T was 38.1 mol%. 25908711 0 27 theme Lysinibacillus 0:13 arg1 sp 28:29 Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp 0:29 Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 0:30 Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 25908711 2 28 dep aerobic 132:138 arg1 endospore-forming 179:195 endospore-forming 179:195 endospore-forming 179:195 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 2 28 dep aerobic 132:138 arg1 Gram-staining-positive 155:176 Gram-staining-positive 155:176 Gram-staining-positive 155:176 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 2 28 dep aerobic 132:138 arg1 alkaliphilic 141:152 alkaliphilic 141:152 alkaliphilic 141:152 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 2 29 theme polyphasic 397:406 arg1 study 418:422 a polyphasic taxonomic study 395:422 a polyphasic taxonomic study 395:422 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 3 30 theme % 499:499 arg1 NaCl 507:510 0.5% (w/v) NaCl 496:510 0.5% (w/v) NaCl 496:510 The best growth was achieved at 30 °C and pH 8-10 in medium containing 0.5% (w/v) NaCl. 25908711 1 31 theme genus 102:106 arg1 Lysinibacillus 108:121 genus Lysinibacillus 102:121 genus Lysinibacillus 102:121 nov., an extremely alkaliphilic bacterium, and emended description of genus Lysinibacillus. 25908711 9 32 with % 1368:1368 arg1 sinduriensis 1412:1423 L. sinduriensis 1409:1423 L. sinduriensis 1409:1423 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 9 32 with % 1368:1368 arg1 chungkukjangi 1446:1458 chungkukjangi 1446:1458 chungkukjangi 1446:1458 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 9 32 with % 1368:1368 arg1 xylanilyticus 1484:1496 L. xylanilyticus 1481:1496 L. xylanilyticus 1481:1496 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 9 32 with % 1368:1368 arg1 halotolerans 1378:1389 L. halotolerans 1375:1389 L. halotolerans 1375:1389 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 11 33 theme genetic 1586:1592 arg1 analyses 1594:1601 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analyses 1551:1601 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analyses 1551:1601 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analyses identified strain OMN17T as a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 25908711 3 34 theme best 429:432 arg1 growth 434:439 The best growth 425:439 The best growth 425:439 The best growth was achieved at 30 °C and pH 8-10 in medium containing 0.5% (w/v) NaCl. 25908711 14 35 theme genus 1838:1842 arg1 Lysinibacillus 1844:1857 the genus Lysinibacillus 1834:1857 the genus Lysinibacillus 1834:1857 An emended description of the genus Lysinibacillus is also provided. 25908711 11 36 theme chemotaxonomic 1567:1580 arg1 analyses 1594:1601 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analyses 1551:1601 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analyses 1551:1601 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analyses identified strain OMN17T as a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 25908711 2 37 theme mineral 334:340 arg1 fertilizer 344:353 half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer 302:353 fertilizer 344:353 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 7 38 theme polar 820:824 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 850:873 phosphatidylethanolamine 850:873 phosphatidylethanolamine 850:873 The major polar lipids were found to be phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. 25908711 7 38 theme polar 820:824 arg1 lipids 826:831 The major polar lipids 810:831 The major polar lipids 810:831 The major polar lipids were found to be phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. 25908711 6 39 theme cellular 751:758 arg1 iso-C15  777:784 iso-C15  777:784 iso-C15  777:784 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25908711 6 39 theme cellular 751:758 arg1 acids 766:770 The major cellular fatty acids 741:770 The major cellular fatty acids 741:770 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25908711 14 40 theme emended 1811:1817 arg1 description 1819:1829 An emended description 1808:1829 An emended description of the genus Lysinibacillus 1808:1857 An emended description of the genus Lysinibacillus is also provided. 25908711 9 41 theme Lysinibacillus 1310:1323 arg1 species 1289:1295 other species 1283:1295 other species of the genus Lysinibacillus 1283:1323 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 8 42 theme Phylogenetic 925:936 arg1 analysis 938:945 Phylogenetic analysis 925:945 Phylogenetic analysis of strain OMN17T based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 925:998 Phylogenetic analysis of strain OMN17T based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain was most closely related to Lysinibacillus halotolerans (97.8%), Lysinibacillus sinduriensis (97.5%), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi (97.4%) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus (97.0%). 25908711 4 43 theme strain 544:549 arg1 OMN17T 551:556 strain OMN17T 544:556 strain OMN17T 544:556 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. 25908711 11 44 theme phenotypic 1555:1564 arg1 analyses 1594:1601 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analyses 1551:1601 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analyses 1551:1601 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analyses identified strain OMN17T as a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 25908711 2 45 theme long-term 273:281 arg1 fertilization 287:299 long-term OMN fertilization 273:299 long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China 273:372 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 9 46 with % 1474:1474 arg1 sinduriensis 1412:1423 L. sinduriensis 1409:1423 L. sinduriensis 1409:1423 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 9 46 with % 1474:1474 arg1 chungkukjangi 1446:1458 chungkukjangi 1446:1458 chungkukjangi 1446:1458 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 9 46 with % 1474:1474 arg1 xylanilyticus 1484:1496 L. xylanilyticus 1481:1496 L. xylanilyticus 1481:1496 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 9 46 with % 1474:1474 arg1 halotolerans 1378:1389 L. halotolerans 1375:1389 L. halotolerans 1375:1389 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 2 47 theme aerobic 132:138 arg1 strain 208:213 strain OMN17T 208:220 strain OMN17T 208:220 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 2 47 theme aerobic 132:138 arg1 bacterium 197:205 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium 124:205 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium 124:205 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 2 48 theme manure 315:320 arg1 N 322:322 half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer 302:353 N 322:322 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 8 49 theme OMN17T 957:962 arg1 analysis 938:945 Phylogenetic analysis 925:945 Phylogenetic analysis of strain OMN17T based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 925:998 Phylogenetic analysis of strain OMN17T based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain was most closely related to Lysinibacillus halotolerans (97.8%), Lysinibacillus sinduriensis (97.5%), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi (97.4%) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus (97.0%). 25908711 2 50 theme half 302:305 arg1 N 322:322 half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer 302:353 N 322:322 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 9 51 with % 1436:1436 arg1 sinduriensis 1412:1423 L. sinduriensis 1409:1423 L. sinduriensis 1409:1423 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 9 51 with % 1436:1436 arg1 chungkukjangi 1446:1458 chungkukjangi 1446:1458 chungkukjangi 1446:1458 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 9 51 with % 1436:1436 arg1 xylanilyticus 1484:1496 L. xylanilyticus 1481:1496 L. xylanilyticus 1481:1496 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 9 51 with % 1436:1436 arg1 halotolerans 1378:1389 L. halotolerans 1375:1389 L. halotolerans 1375:1389 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 5 52 located found 692:696 arg2 quinone 684:690 The only respiratory quinone 663:690 The only respiratory quinone found in strain OMN17T 663:713 The only respiratory quinone found in strain OMN17T was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 25908711 5 52 located found 692:696 arg2 menaquinone 719:729 menaquinone 7 719:731 menaquinone 7 (MK-7) 719:738 The only respiratory quinone found in strain OMN17T was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 25908711 5 52 located found 692:696 arg1 OMN17T 708:713 strain OMN17T 701:713 strain OMN17T 701:713 The only respiratory quinone found in strain OMN17T was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 25908711 3 53 dep % 499:499 arg1 w/v 502:504 w/v 502:504 w/v 502:504 The best growth was achieved at 30 °C and pH 8-10 in medium containing 0.5% (w/v) NaCl. 25908711 4 54 theme galactose 638:646 arg1 traces 628:633 ribose, traces 620:633 traces 628:633 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. 25908711 4 54 theme galactose 638:646 arg1 sugars 608:613 the cell-wall sugars 594:613 the cell-wall sugars 594:613 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. 25908711 4 54 theme galactose 638:646 arg1 peptidoglycan 527:539 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 513:539 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T 513:556 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. 25908711 4 54 theme galactose 638:646 arg1 A4α 567:569 type A4α 562:569 type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) 562:588 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. 25908711 4 54 theme galactose 638:646 arg1 l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp 573:587 l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp 573:587 l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp 573:587 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. 25908711 13 55 theme 28019T = CCTCC 1779:1792 arg1 2014073T 1797:1804  = DSM 28019T = CCTCC AB 2014073T 1772:1804  = DSM 28019T = CCTCC AB 2014073T 1772:1804 The type strain is OMN17T ( = DSM 28019T = CCTCC AB 2014073T). 25908711 13 55 theme 28019T = CCTCC 1779:1792 arg1 OMN17T 1764:1769 OMN17T 1764:1769 OMN17T ( = DSM 28019T = CCTCC AB 2014073T) 1764:1805 The type strain is OMN17T ( = DSM 28019T = CCTCC AB 2014073T). 25908711 11 56 theme Lysinibacillus 1695:1708 arg1 sp 1723:1724 the name Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp 1686:1724 the name Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp 1686:1724 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analyses identified strain OMN17T as a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 25908711 4 57 theme arabinose 652:660 arg1 traces 628:633 ribose, traces 620:633 traces 628:633 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. 25908711 4 57 theme arabinose 652:660 arg1 sugars 608:613 the cell-wall sugars 594:613 the cell-wall sugars 594:613 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. 25908711 4 57 theme arabinose 652:660 arg1 peptidoglycan 527:539 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 513:539 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T 513:556 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. 25908711 4 57 theme arabinose 652:660 arg1 A4α 567:569 type A4α 562:569 type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) 562:588 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. 25908711 4 57 theme arabinose 652:660 arg1 l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp 573:587 l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp 573:587 l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp 573:587 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. 25908711 2 58 theme sandy 251:255 arg1 soil 262:265 a typical sandy loam soil 241:265 a typical sandy loam soil 241:265 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 4 59 theme ribose 620:625 arg1 traces 628:633 ribose, traces 620:633 traces 628:633 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. 25908711 4 59 theme ribose 620:625 arg1 sugars 608:613 the cell-wall sugars 594:613 the cell-wall sugars 594:613 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. 25908711 5 60 theme strain 701:706 arg1 OMN17T 708:713 strain OMN17T 701:713 strain OMN17T 701:713 The only respiratory quinone found in strain OMN17T was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 25908711 11 61 theme Lysinibacillus 1660:1673 arg1 species 1639:1645 a novel species 1631:1645 a novel species 1631:1645 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analyses identified strain OMN17T as a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 25908711 11 61 theme Lysinibacillus 1660:1673 arg1 OMN17T 1621:1626 strain OMN17T 1614:1626 strain OMN17T 1614:1626 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analyses identified strain OMN17T as a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 25908711 8 62 theme 16S 977:979 arg1 rRNA 981:984 the 16S rRNA 973:984 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 973:998 Phylogenetic analysis of strain OMN17T based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain was most closely related to Lysinibacillus halotolerans (97.8%), Lysinibacillus sinduriensis (97.5%), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi (97.4%) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus (97.0%). 25908711 1 63 theme alkaliphilic 51:62 arg1 bacterium 64:72 an extremely alkaliphilic bacterium 38:72 an extremely alkaliphilic bacterium 38:72 nov., an extremely alkaliphilic bacterium, and emended description of genus Lysinibacillus. 25908711 1 63 theme alkaliphilic 51:62 arg1 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov. 32:35 nov., an extremely alkaliphilic bacterium, and emended description of genus Lysinibacillus. 25908711 5 64 theme respiratory 672:682 arg1 quinone 684:690 The only respiratory quinone 663:690 The only respiratory quinone found in strain OMN17T 663:713 The only respiratory quinone found in strain OMN17T was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 25908711 5 64 theme respiratory 672:682 arg1 menaquinone 719:729 menaquinone 7 719:731 menaquinone 7 (MK-7) 719:738 The only respiratory quinone found in strain OMN17T was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 25908711 11 65 dep Lysinibacillus 1695:1708 arg1 alkaliphilus 1710:1721 alkaliphilus 1710:1721 alkaliphilus 1710:1721 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analyses identified strain OMN17T as a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 25908711 8 66 theme gene 986:989 arg1 sequence 991:998 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 973:998 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 973:998 Phylogenetic analysis of strain OMN17T based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain was most closely related to Lysinibacillus halotolerans (97.8%), Lysinibacillus sinduriensis (97.5%), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi (97.4%) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus (97.0%). 25908711 13 67 theme type 1749:1752 arg1 OMN17T 1764:1769 OMN17T 1764:1769 OMN17T ( = DSM 28019T = CCTCC AB 2014073T) 1764:1805 The type strain is OMN17T ( = DSM 28019T = CCTCC AB 2014073T). 25908711 13 67 theme type 1749:1752 arg1 strain 1754:1759 The type strain 1745:1759 The type strain 1745:1759 The type strain is OMN17T ( = DSM 28019T = CCTCC AB 2014073T). 25908711 0 68 theme alkaliphilus 15:26 arg1 sp 28:29 Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp 0:29 Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 0:30 Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 25908711 9 69 theme DNA-DNA 1208:1214 arg1 hybridization 1216:1228 The DNA-DNA hybridization 1204:1228 The DNA-DNA hybridization results 1204:1236 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 2 70 theme northern 359:366 arg1 China 368:372 northern China 359:372 northern China 359:372 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 2 71 theme taxonomic 408:416 arg1 study 418:422 a polyphasic taxonomic study 395:422 a polyphasic taxonomic study 395:422 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 4 72 theme cell-wall 517:525 arg1 peptidoglycan 527:539 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 513:539 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T 513:556 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. 25908711 4 72 theme cell-wall 517:525 arg1 A4α 567:569 type A4α 562:569 type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) 562:588 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. 25908711 14 73 theme Lysinibacillus 1844:1857 arg1 description 1819:1829 An emended description 1808:1829 An emended description of the genus Lysinibacillus 1808:1857 An emended description of the genus Lysinibacillus is also provided. 25908711 6 74 dep iso-C15  777:784 arg1  0 806:807  0 806:807 iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 777:807 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25908711 6 74 dep iso-C15  777:784 arg1 anteiso-C15  793:804 anteiso-C15  793:804 anteiso-C15  793:804 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25908711 6 74 dep iso-C15  777:784 arg1  0 786:787  0 786:787  0 786:787 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25908711 11 75 theme strain 1614:1619 arg1 species 1639:1645 a novel species 1631:1645 a novel species 1631:1645 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analyses identified strain OMN17T as a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 25908711 11 75 theme strain 1614:1619 arg1 OMN17T 1621:1626 strain OMN17T 1614:1626 strain OMN17T 1614:1626 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analyses identified strain OMN17T as a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus alkaliphilus sp. 25908711 2 76 theme half 329:332 arg1 fertilizer 344:353 half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer 302:353 fertilizer 344:353 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 7 77 theme major 814:818 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 850:873 phosphatidylethanolamine 850:873 phosphatidylethanolamine 850:873 The major polar lipids were found to be phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. 25908711 7 77 theme major 814:818 arg1 lipids 826:831 The major polar lipids 810:831 The major polar lipids 810:831 The major polar lipids were found to be phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. 25908711 9 78 theme other 1283:1287 arg1 species 1289:1295 other species 1283:1295 other species of the genus Lysinibacillus 1283:1323 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 9 79 from species 1289:1295 arg1 distinct 1269:1276 distinct 1269:1276 distinct 1269:1276 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25908711 6 80 theme fatty 760:764 arg1 iso-C15  777:784 iso-C15  777:784 iso-C15  777:784 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25908711 6 80 theme fatty 760:764 arg1 acids 766:770 The major cellular fatty acids 741:770 The major cellular fatty acids 741:770 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25908711 4 81 theme type 562:565 arg1 peptidoglycan 527:539 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 513:539 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T 513:556 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. 25908711 4 81 theme type 562:565 arg1 A4α 567:569 type A4α 562:569 type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) 562:588 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. 25908711 4 81 theme type 562:565 arg1 l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp 573:587 l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp 573:587 l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp 573:587 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain OMN17T was type A4α; (l-Lys-Gly-d-Asp) and the cell-wall sugars were ribose, traces of galactose and arabinose. 25908711 6 82 theme major 745:749 arg1 iso-C15  777:784 iso-C15  777:784 iso-C15  777:784 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25908711 6 82 theme major 745:749 arg1 acids 766:770 The major cellular fatty acids 741:770 The major cellular fatty acids 741:770 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25908711 10 83 theme G+C 1507:1509 arg1 content 1511:1517 The DNA G+C content 1499:1517 The DNA G+C content of strain OMN17T 1499:1534 The DNA G+C content of strain OMN17T was 38.1 mol%. 25908711 10 83 theme G+C 1507:1509 arg1 % 1548:1548 38.1 mol% 1540:1548 38.1 mol% 1540:1548 The DNA G+C content of strain OMN17T was 38.1 mol%. 25908711 2 84 theme novel 126:130 arg1 strain 208:213 strain OMN17T 208:220 strain OMN17T 208:220 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 2 84 theme novel 126:130 arg1 bacterium 197:205 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium 124:205 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium 124:205 A novel aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, strain OMN17T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term OMN fertilization (half organic manure N plus half mineral N fertilizer) in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 25908711 3 85 theme 0.5 496:498 arg1 % 499:499 % 499:499 % 499:499 The best growth was achieved at 30 °C and pH 8-10 in medium containing 0.5% (w/v) NaCl. 25908711 9 86 theme genus 1304:1308 arg1 Lysinibacillus 1310:1323 the genus Lysinibacillus 1300:1323 the genus Lysinibacillus 1300:1323 The DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that this strain was distinct from other species of the genus Lysinibacillus, the degree of relatedness being 21.8 ± 0.2% with L. halotolerans, 45.6 ± 1.8% with L. sinduriensis, 33.7 ± 1.2% with L. chungkukjangi and 23.7 ± 0.7% with L. xylanilyticus. 25497793 15 0 theme adverse 2408:2414 arg1 effects 2416:2422 adverse effects 2408:2422 adverse effects on milk production and health status 2408:2459 The limited variation in milk and hematological and metabolic parameters suggests that GS and LIN can be included, alone or in combination, in the diet of dairy ewes without adverse effects on milk production and health status. 25497793 11 1 theme Dietary 1929:1935 arg1 treatments 1937:1946 Dietary treatments 1929:1946 Dietary treatments 1929:1946 Dietary treatments did not alter CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD4(+)-to-CD8(+) ratio. 25497793 0 2 theme lactating 129:137 arg1 ewes 145:148 lactating dairy ewes 129:148 lactating dairy ewes 129:148 Effects of diets containing grape seed, linseed, or both on milk production traits, liver and kidney activities, and immunity of lactating dairy ewes. 25497793 1 3 theme dietary 199:205 arg1 inclusion 207:215 the dietary inclusion 195:215 the dietary inclusion of grape seed, alone or in combination with linseed, on milk production traits, immune response, and liver and kidney metabolic activity of lactating ewes 195:370 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of grape seed, alone or in combination with linseed, on milk production traits, immune response, and liver and kidney metabolic activity of lactating ewes. 25497793 4 4 theme urea 915:918 arg1 nitrogen 920:927 milk urea nitrogen 910:927 milk urea nitrogen 910:927 Milk yield was measured and samples were collected weekly and analyzed for fat, protein, casein, lactose, pH, milk urea nitrogen, and somatic cell count. 25497793 15 5 from effects 2416:2422 arg1 production 2432:2441 milk production 2427:2441 milk production 2427:2441 The limited variation in milk and hematological and metabolic parameters suggests that GS and LIN can be included, alone or in combination, in the diet of dairy ewes without adverse effects on milk production and health status. 25497793 15 5 from effects 2416:2422 arg1 status 2454:2459 health status 2447:2459 health status 2447:2459 The limited variation in milk and hematological and metabolic parameters suggests that GS and LIN can be included, alone or in combination, in the diet of dairy ewes without adverse effects on milk production and health status. 25497793 2 6 theme g/d 637:639 arg1 mix 626:628 a mix 624:628 a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed 624:662 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX). 25497793 2 6 theme g/d 637:639 arg1 g/d 672:674 220 g/d 668:674 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX) 668:709 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX). 25497793 9 7 theme × 1748:1748 arg1 period 1750:1755 diet × period 1743:1755 diet × period 1743:1755 Milk urea nitrogen and lactose were affected by diet × period. 25497793 0 8 theme ewes 145:148 arg1 production 65:74 milk production traits, liver and kidney activities, and immunity of lactating dairy ewes 60:148 production 65:74 Effects of diets containing grape seed, linseed, or both on milk production traits, liver and kidney activities, and immunity of lactating dairy ewes. 25497793 0 8 theme ewes 145:148 arg1 activities 101:110 liver and kidney activities 84:110 liver and kidney activities 84:110 Effects of diets containing grape seed, linseed, or both on milk production traits, liver and kidney activities, and immunity of lactating dairy ewes. 25497793 0 8 theme ewes 145:148 arg1 immunity 117:124 immunity 117:124 immunity of lactating dairy ewes 117:148 Effects of diets containing grape seed, linseed, or both on milk production traits, liver and kidney activities, and immunity of lactating dairy ewes. 25497793 1 9 theme ewes 367:370 arg1 inclusion 207:215 the dietary inclusion 195:215 the dietary inclusion of grape seed, alone or in combination with linseed, on milk production traits, immune response, and liver and kidney metabolic activity of lactating ewes 195:370 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of grape seed, alone or in combination with linseed, on milk production traits, immune response, and liver and kidney metabolic activity of lactating ewes. 25497793 3 10 theme period 760:765 arg1 wk 743:744 2 wk 741:744 2 wk of adaptation period 741:765 The study lasted 10 wk, with 2 wk of adaptation period and 8 wk of experimental period. 25497793 3 10 theme period 760:765 arg1 wk 773:774 8 wk 771:774 8 wk of experimental period 771:797 The study lasted 10 wk, with 2 wk of adaptation period and 8 wk of experimental period. 25497793 6 11 theme phytohemagglutinin 1506:1523 arg1 injection 1525:1533 phytohemagglutinin injection 1506:1533 phytohemagglutinin injection 1506:1533 On d 0, 45, and 60 of the trial, lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin was determined in vivo on each animal by measuring skin-fold thickness (SFT) at the site of phytohemagglutinin injection. 25497793 3 12 theme period 792:797 arg1 wk 743:744 2 wk 741:744 2 wk of adaptation period 741:765 The study lasted 10 wk, with 2 wk of adaptation period and 8 wk of experimental period. 25497793 3 12 theme period 792:797 arg1 wk 773:774 8 wk 771:774 8 wk of experimental period 771:797 The study lasted 10 wk, with 2 wk of adaptation period and 8 wk of experimental period. 25497793 14 13 from IgG 2146:2148 arg1 d 2153:2153 d 60 2153:2156 d 60 2153:2156 The reduction in IgG on d 60 and SFT in ewes fed GS suggests an immunomodulatory effect of this residue. 25497793 14 13 from IgG 2146:2148 arg1 SFT 2162:2164 SFT 2162:2164 SFT 2162:2164 The reduction in IgG on d 60 and SFT in ewes fed GS suggests an immunomodulatory effect of this residue. 25497793 13 14 theme diet 2114:2117 arg1 period 2121:2126 diet × period 2114:2126 diet × period 2114:2126 The IgG and IL-6 were affected by diet × period. 25497793 7 15 theme subcutaneous 1596:1607 arg1 injection 1609:1617 a subcutaneous injection 1594:1617 a subcutaneous injection with albumin 1594:1630 Humoral response to chicken egg albumin was stimulated by a subcutaneous injection with albumin. 25497793 0 16 theme liver 84:88 arg1 activities 101:110 liver and kidney activities 84:110 liver and kidney activities 84:110 Effects of diets containing grape seed, linseed, or both on milk production traits, liver and kidney activities, and immunity of lactating dairy ewes. 25497793 1 17 theme response 304:311 arg1 inclusion 207:215 the dietary inclusion 195:215 the dietary inclusion of grape seed, alone or in combination with linseed, on milk production traits, immune response, and liver and kidney metabolic activity of lactating ewes 195:370 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of grape seed, alone or in combination with linseed, on milk production traits, immune response, and liver and kidney metabolic activity of lactating ewes. 25497793 14 18 from d 2153:2153 arg1 reduction 2133:2141 The reduction 2129:2141 The reduction in IgG on d 60 and SFT in ewes fed GS 2129:2179 The reduction in IgG on d 60 and SFT in ewes fed GS suggests an immunomodulatory effect of this residue. 25497793 14 19 theme residue 2225:2231 arg1 effect 2210:2215 an immunomodulatory effect 2190:2215 an immunomodulatory effect of this residue 2190:2231 The reduction in IgG on d 60 and SFT in ewes fed GS suggests an immunomodulatory effect of this residue. 25497793 0 20 theme kidney 94:99 arg1 activities 101:110 liver and kidney activities 84:110 liver and kidney activities 84:110 Effects of diets containing grape seed, linseed, or both on milk production traits, liver and kidney activities, and immunity of lactating dairy ewes. 25497793 5 21 theme lymphocyte 1300:1309 arg1 cells 1332:1336 lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells 1300:1336 lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells 1300:1336 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 14 22 theme immunomodulatory 2193:2208 arg1 effect 2210:2215 an immunomodulatory effect 2190:2215 an immunomodulatory effect of this residue 2190:2231 The reduction in IgG on d 60 and SFT in ewes fed GS suggests an immunomodulatory effect of this residue. 25497793 1 23 theme metabolic 335:343 arg1 activity 345:352 metabolic activity 335:352 metabolic activity 335:352 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of grape seed, alone or in combination with linseed, on milk production traits, immune response, and liver and kidney metabolic activity of lactating ewes. 25497793 11 24 theme CD4 1982:1984 arg1 ratio 1999:2003 CD4(+)-to-CD8(+) ratio 1982:2003 CD4(+)-to-CD8(+) ratio 1982:2003 Dietary treatments did not alter CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD4(+)-to-CD8(+) ratio. 25497793 11 25 theme -to-CD8 1988:1994 arg1 ratio 1999:2003 CD4(+)-to-CD8(+) ratio 1982:2003 CD4(+)-to-CD8(+) ratio 1982:2003 Dietary treatments did not alter CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD4(+)-to-CD8(+) ratio. 25497793 1 26 dep seed 226:229 arg1 activity 345:352 metabolic activity 335:352 metabolic activity 335:352 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of grape seed, alone or in combination with linseed, on milk production traits, immune response, and liver and kidney metabolic activity of lactating ewes. 25497793 5 27 theme blood 1210:1214 arg1 albumin 1066:1072 albumin 1066:1072 albumin 1066:1072 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 5 27 theme blood 1210:1214 arg1 nitrogen 1221:1228 blood urea nitrogen 1210:1228 blood urea nitrogen 1210:1228 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 5 28 theme aspartate 1147:1155 arg1 albumin 1066:1072 albumin 1066:1072 albumin 1066:1072 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 5 28 theme aspartate 1147:1155 arg1 aminotransferase 1157:1172 aspartate aminotransferase 1147:1172 aspartate aminotransferase 1147:1172 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 0 29 theme milk 60:63 arg1 production 65:74 milk production traits, liver and kidney activities, and immunity of lactating dairy ewes 60:148 production 65:74 Effects of diets containing grape seed, linseed, or both on milk production traits, liver and kidney activities, and immunity of lactating dairy ewes. 25497793 7 30 theme chicken 1556:1562 arg1 albumin 1568:1574 chicken egg albumin 1556:1574 chicken egg albumin 1556:1574 Humoral response to chicken egg albumin was stimulated by a subcutaneous injection with albumin. 25497793 2 31 theme dietary 430:436 arg1 treatments 438:447 4 dietary treatments 428:447 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX) 428:709 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX). 25497793 10 32 theme liver 1809:1813 arg1 parameters 1815:1824 hematological, kidney, and liver parameters 1782:1824 hematological, kidney, and liver parameters 1782:1824 Diets did not influence hematological, kidney, and liver parameters, except for blood urea nitrogen, which decreased in LIN and increased in MIX compared with CON and GS. 25497793 14 33 from SFT 2162:2164 arg1 reduction 2133:2141 The reduction 2129:2141 The reduction in IgG on d 60 and SFT in ewes fed GS 2129:2179 The reduction in IgG on d 60 and SFT in ewes fed GS suggests an immunomodulatory effect of this residue. 25497793 10 34 theme urea 1844:1847 arg1 nitrogen 1849:1856 blood urea nitrogen 1838:1856 blood urea nitrogen 1838:1856 Diets did not influence hematological, kidney, and liver parameters, except for blood urea nitrogen, which decreased in LIN and increased in MIX compared with CON and GS. 25497793 15 35 theme dairy 2389:2393 arg1 ewes 2395:2398 dairy ewes 2389:2398 dairy ewes 2389:2398 The limited variation in milk and hematological and metabolic parameters suggests that GS and LIN can be included, alone or in combination, in the diet of dairy ewes without adverse effects on milk production and health status. 25497793 5 36 theme anti-albumin 1239:1250 arg1 IgG 1252:1254 anti-albumin IgG 1239:1254 anti-albumin IgG 1239:1254 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 5 36 theme anti-albumin 1239:1250 arg1 CD4 1288:1290 CD4(+) 1288:1293 CD4 1288:1290 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 5 37 theme vein 1005:1008 arg1 puncture 1010:1017 jugular vein puncture 997:1017 jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells 997:1336 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 0 38 theme diets 11:15 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of diets 0:15 Effects of diets containing grape seed, linseed, or both on milk production traits, liver and kidney activities, and immunity of lactating dairy ewes. 25497793 2 39 theme extruded 688:695 arg1 MIX 706:708 MIX 706:708 MIX 706:708 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX). 25497793 2 39 theme extruded 688:695 arg1 linseed 697:703 extruded linseed 688:703 extruded linseed (MIX) 688:709 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX). 25497793 2 40 theme Sarda 385:389 arg1 ewes 397:400 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes 373:400 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes 373:400 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX). 25497793 9 41 theme Milk 1695:1698 arg1 nitrogen 1705:1712 Milk urea nitrogen 1695:1712 Milk urea nitrogen 1695:1712 Milk urea nitrogen and lactose were affected by diet × period. 25497793 8 42 theme milk 1667:1670 arg1 yield 1672:1676 milk yield 1667:1676 milk yield 1667:1676 Dietary treatments did not affect milk yield and composition. 25497793 5 43 dep puncture 1010:1017 arg1 analyzed 1023:1030 analyzed 1023:1030 analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells 1023:1336 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 2 44 theme extruded 578:585 arg1 LIN 596:598 LIN 596:598 LIN 596:598 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX). 25497793 2 44 theme extruded 578:585 arg1 linseed 587:593 extruded linseed 578:593 extruded linseed (LIN) 578:599 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX). 25497793 6 45 theme skin-fold 1465:1473 arg1 SFT 1486:1488 SFT 1486:1488 SFT 1486:1488 On d 0, 45, and 60 of the trial, lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin was determined in vivo on each animal by measuring skin-fold thickness (SFT) at the site of phytohemagglutinin injection. 25497793 6 45 theme skin-fold 1465:1473 arg1 thickness 1475:1483 skin-fold thickness 1465:1483 skin-fold thickness (SFT) 1465:1489 On d 0, 45, and 60 of the trial, lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin was determined in vivo on each animal by measuring skin-fold thickness (SFT) at the site of phytohemagglutinin injection. 25497793 2 46 contain containing 547:556 arg2 g/d 562:564 220 g/d 558:564 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN) 558:599 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX). 25497793 2 46 contain containing 547:556 arg1 diet 542:545 a diet 540:545 a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN) 540:599 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX). 25497793 15 47 theme milk 2427:2430 arg1 production 2432:2441 milk production 2427:2441 milk production 2427:2441 The limited variation in milk and hematological and metabolic parameters suggests that GS and LIN can be included, alone or in combination, in the diet of dairy ewes without adverse effects on milk production and health status. 25497793 4 48 theme Milk 800:803 arg1 yield 805:809 Milk yield 800:809 Milk yield 800:809 Milk yield was measured and samples were collected weekly and analyzed for fat, protein, casein, lactose, pH, milk urea nitrogen, and somatic cell count. 25497793 15 49 from variation 2246:2254 arg1 parameters 2296:2305 hematological and metabolic parameters 2268:2305 hematological and metabolic parameters 2268:2305 The limited variation in milk and hematological and metabolic parameters suggests that GS and LIN can be included, alone or in combination, in the diet of dairy ewes without adverse effects on milk production and health status. 25497793 15 49 from variation 2246:2254 arg1 milk 2259:2262 milk 2259:2262 milk 2259:2262 The limited variation in milk and hematological and metabolic parameters suggests that GS and LIN can be included, alone or in combination, in the diet of dairy ewes without adverse effects on milk production and health status. 25497793 0 50 theme dairy 139:143 arg1 ewes 145:148 lactating dairy ewes 129:148 lactating dairy ewes 129:148 Effects of diets containing grape seed, linseed, or both on milk production traits, liver and kidney activities, and immunity of lactating dairy ewes. 25497793 1 51 with combination 244:254 arg1 linseed 261:267 linseed 261:267 linseed 261:267 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of grape seed, alone or in combination with linseed, on milk production traits, immune response, and liver and kidney metabolic activity of lactating ewes. 25497793 9 52 theme diet 1743:1746 arg1 period 1750:1755 diet × period 1743:1755 diet × period 1743:1755 Milk urea nitrogen and lactose were affected by diet × period. 25497793 1 53 theme lactating 357:365 arg1 ewes 367:370 lactating ewes 357:370 lactating ewes 357:370 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of grape seed, alone or in combination with linseed, on milk production traits, immune response, and liver and kidney metabolic activity of lactating ewes. 25497793 1 54 theme inclusion 207:215 arg1 effects 184:190 the effects 180:190 the effects of the dietary inclusion of grape seed, alone or in combination with linseed, on milk production traits, immune response, and liver and kidney metabolic activity of lactating ewes 180:370 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of grape seed, alone or in combination with linseed, on milk production traits, immune response, and liver and kidney metabolic activity of lactating ewes. 25497793 3 55 theme adaptation 749:758 arg1 period 760:765 adaptation period 749:765 adaptation period 749:765 The study lasted 10 wk, with 2 wk of adaptation period and 8 wk of experimental period. 25497793 5 56 theme lymphocyte 1267:1276 arg1 T-helper 1278:1285 lymphocyte T-helper 1267:1285 lymphocyte T-helper 1267:1285 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 3 57 theme experimental 779:790 arg1 period 792:797 experimental period 779:797 experimental period 779:797 The study lasted 10 wk, with 2 wk of adaptation period and 8 wk of experimental period. 25497793 5 58 theme T-cytotoxic 1311:1321 arg1 cells 1332:1336 lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells 1300:1336 lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells 1300:1336 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 5 59 theme CD8 1324:1326 arg1 cells 1332:1336 lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells 1300:1336 lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells 1300:1336 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 5 60 theme gamma 1120:1124 arg1 albumin 1066:1072 albumin 1066:1072 albumin 1066:1072 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 5 60 theme gamma 1120:1124 arg1 glutamyltransferase 1126:1144 gamma glutamyltransferase 1120:1144 gamma glutamyltransferase 1120:1144 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 13 61 theme × 2119:2119 arg1 period 2121:2126 diet × period 2114:2126 diet × period 2114:2126 The IgG and IL-6 were affected by diet × period. 25497793 2 62 theme control 465:471 arg1 CON 479:481 CON 479:481 CON 479:481 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX). 25497793 2 62 theme control 465:471 arg1 diet 473:476 a control diet 463:476 a control diet (CON) 463:482 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX). 25497793 15 63 theme metabolic 2286:2294 arg1 parameters 2296:2305 hematological and metabolic parameters 2268:2305 hematological and metabolic parameters 2268:2305 The limited variation in milk and hematological and metabolic parameters suggests that GS and LIN can be included, alone or in combination, in the diet of dairy ewes without adverse effects on milk production and health status. 25497793 10 64 theme hematological 1782:1794 arg1 kidney 1797:1802 kidney 1797:1802 kidney 1797:1802 Diets did not influence hematological, kidney, and liver parameters, except for blood urea nitrogen, which decreased in LIN and increased in MIX compared with CON and GS. 25497793 15 65 theme limited 2238:2244 arg1 variation 2246:2254 The limited variation 2234:2254 The limited variation in milk and hematological and metabolic parameters 2234:2305 The limited variation in milk and hematological and metabolic parameters suggests that GS and LIN can be included, alone or in combination, in the diet of dairy ewes without adverse effects on milk production and health status. 25497793 1 66 theme liver 318:322 arg1 inclusion 207:215 the dietary inclusion 195:215 the dietary inclusion of grape seed, alone or in combination with linseed, on milk production traits, immune response, and liver and kidney metabolic activity of lactating ewes 195:370 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of grape seed, alone or in combination with linseed, on milk production traits, immune response, and liver and kidney metabolic activity of lactating ewes. 25497793 4 67 theme milk 910:913 arg1 nitrogen 920:927 milk urea nitrogen 910:927 milk urea nitrogen 910:927 Milk yield was measured and samples were collected weekly and analyzed for fat, protein, casein, lactose, pH, milk urea nitrogen, and somatic cell count. 25497793 14 68 from reduction 2133:2141 arg1 ewes 2169:2172 ewes 2169:2172 ewes fed GS 2169:2179 The reduction in IgG on d 60 and SFT in ewes fed GS suggests an immunomodulatory effect of this residue. 25497793 14 68 from reduction 2133:2141 arg1 d 2153:2153 d 60 2153:2156 d 60 2153:2156 The reduction in IgG on d 60 and SFT in ewes fed GS suggests an immunomodulatory effect of this residue. 25497793 14 68 from reduction 2133:2141 arg1 SFT 2162:2164 SFT 2162:2164 SFT 2162:2164 The reduction in IgG on d 60 and SFT in ewes fed GS suggests an immunomodulatory effect of this residue. 25497793 14 68 from reduction 2133:2141 arg1 IgG 2146:2148 IgG 2146:2148 IgG on d 60 and SFT 2146:2164 The reduction in IgG on d 60 and SFT in ewes fed GS suggests an immunomodulatory effect of this residue. 25497793 4 69 theme somatic 934:940 arg1 count 947:951 somatic cell count 934:951 somatic cell count 934:951 Milk yield was measured and samples were collected weekly and analyzed for fat, protein, casein, lactose, pH, milk urea nitrogen, and somatic cell count. 25497793 2 70 theme linseed 587:593 arg1 head 570:573 head 570:573 head of extruded linseed (LIN) 570:599 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX). 25497793 2 71 contain containing 492:501 arg1 diet 487:490 a diet 485:490 a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS) 485:537 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX). 25497793 2 71 contain containing 492:501 arg2 g/d 507:509 300 g/d 503:509 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS) 503:537 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX). 25497793 6 72 theme trial 1365:1369 arg1 d 1342:1342 d 0, 45, and 60 1342:1356 d 0, 45, and 60 of the trial 1342:1369 On d 0, 45, and 60 of the trial, lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin was determined in vivo on each animal by measuring skin-fold thickness (SFT) at the site of phytohemagglutinin injection. 25497793 10 73 theme kidney 1797:1802 arg1 parameters 1815:1824 hematological, kidney, and liver parameters 1782:1824 hematological, kidney, and liver parameters 1782:1824 Diets did not influence hematological, kidney, and liver parameters, except for blood urea nitrogen, which decreased in LIN and increased in MIX compared with CON and GS. 25497793 5 74 theme Blood 954:958 arg1 samples 960:966 Blood samples 954:966 Blood samples 954:966 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 7 75 theme egg 1564:1566 arg1 albumin 1568:1574 chicken egg albumin 1556:1574 chicken egg albumin 1556:1574 Humoral response to chicken egg albumin was stimulated by a subcutaneous injection with albumin. 25497793 15 76 theme hematological 2268:2280 arg1 parameters 2296:2305 hematological and metabolic parameters 2268:2305 hematological and metabolic parameters 2268:2305 The limited variation in milk and hematological and metabolic parameters suggests that GS and LIN can be included, alone or in combination, in the diet of dairy ewes without adverse effects on milk production and health status. 25497793 4 77 theme cell 942:945 arg1 count 947:951 somatic cell count 934:951 somatic cell count 934:951 Milk yield was measured and samples were collected weekly and analyzed for fat, protein, casein, lactose, pH, milk urea nitrogen, and somatic cell count. 25497793 6 78 theme injection 1525:1533 arg1 site 1498:1501 the site 1494:1501 the site of phytohemagglutinin injection 1494:1533 On d 0, 45, and 60 of the trial, lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin was determined in vivo on each animal by measuring skin-fold thickness (SFT) at the site of phytohemagglutinin injection. 25497793 6 78 theme injection 1525:1533 arg1 injection 1525:1533 phytohemagglutinin injection 1506:1533 phytohemagglutinin injection 1506:1533 On d 0, 45, and 60 of the trial, lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin was determined in vivo on each animal by measuring skin-fold thickness (SFT) at the site of phytohemagglutinin injection. 25497793 1 79 theme milk 273:276 arg1 production 278:287 milk production 273:287 milk production 273:287 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of grape seed, alone or in combination with linseed, on milk production traits, immune response, and liver and kidney metabolic activity of lactating ewes. 25497793 5 80 theme urea 1216:1219 arg1 albumin 1066:1072 albumin 1066:1072 albumin 1066:1072 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 5 80 theme urea 1216:1219 arg1 nitrogen 1221:1228 blood urea nitrogen 1210:1228 blood urea nitrogen 1210:1228 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 2 81 theme seed 529:532 arg1 head 515:518 head 515:518 head of grape seed (GS) 515:537 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX). 25497793 1 82 theme traits 289:294 arg1 inclusion 207:215 the dietary inclusion 195:215 the dietary inclusion of grape seed, alone or in combination with linseed, on milk production traits, immune response, and liver and kidney metabolic activity of lactating ewes 195:370 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of grape seed, alone or in combination with linseed, on milk production traits, immune response, and liver and kidney metabolic activity of lactating ewes. 25497793 7 83 theme Humoral 1536:1542 arg1 response 1544:1551 Humoral response 1536:1551 Humoral response to chicken egg albumin 1536:1574 Humoral response to chicken egg albumin was stimulated by a subcutaneous injection with albumin. 25497793 0 84 dep production 65:74 arg1 traits 76:81 traits 76:81 traits 76:81 Effects of diets containing grape seed, linseed, or both on milk production traits, liver and kidney activities, and immunity of lactating dairy ewes. 25497793 15 85 theme ewes 2395:2398 arg1 diet 2381:2384 the diet 2377:2384 the diet of dairy ewes without adverse effects on milk production and health status 2377:2459 The limited variation in milk and hematological and metabolic parameters suggests that GS and LIN can be included, alone or in combination, in the diet of dairy ewes without adverse effects on milk production and health status. 25497793 5 86 theme alanine 1175:1181 arg1 aminotransferase 1183:1198 alanine aminotransferase 1175:1198 alanine aminotransferase 1175:1198 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 5 86 theme alanine 1175:1181 arg1 albumin 1066:1072 albumin 1066:1072 albumin 1066:1072 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 5 87 theme hematological 1036:1048 arg1 parameters 1050:1059 hematological parameters 1036:1059 hematological parameters 1036:1059 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 8 88 theme Dietary 1633:1639 arg1 treatments 1641:1650 Dietary treatments 1633:1650 Dietary treatments 1633:1650 Dietary treatments did not affect milk yield and composition. 25497793 1 89 theme immune 297:302 arg1 response 304:311 immune response 297:311 immune response 297:311 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of grape seed, alone or in combination with linseed, on milk production traits, immune response, and liver and kidney metabolic activity of lactating ewes. 25497793 10 90 theme blood 1838:1842 arg1 nitrogen 1849:1856 blood urea nitrogen 1838:1856 blood urea nitrogen 1838:1856 Diets did not influence hematological, kidney, and liver parameters, except for blood urea nitrogen, which decreased in LIN and increased in MIX compared with CON and GS. 25497793 7 91 with injection 1609:1617 arg1 albumin 1624:1630 albumin 1624:1630 albumin 1624:1630 Humoral response to chicken egg albumin was stimulated by a subcutaneous injection with albumin. 25497793 5 92 theme jugular 997:1003 arg1 puncture 1010:1017 jugular vein puncture 997:1017 jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells 997:1336 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 1 93 theme seed 226:229 arg1 inclusion 207:215 the dietary inclusion 195:215 the dietary inclusion of grape seed, alone or in combination with linseed, on milk production traits, immune response, and liver and kidney metabolic activity of lactating ewes 195:370 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of grape seed, alone or in combination with linseed, on milk production traits, immune response, and liver and kidney metabolic activity of lactating ewes. 25497793 2 94 theme linseed 697:703 arg1 head 680:683 head 680:683 head of extruded linseed (MIX) 680:709 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX). 25497793 2 95 theme dairy 391:395 arg1 ewes 397:400 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes 373:400 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes 373:400 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX). 25497793 5 96 theme alkaline 1075:1082 arg1 albumin 1066:1072 albumin 1066:1072 albumin 1066:1072 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 5 96 theme alkaline 1075:1082 arg1 phosphatase 1084:1094 alkaline phosphatase 1075:1094 alkaline phosphatase 1075:1094 Blood samples were collected every 2 wk by jugular vein puncture and analyzed for hematological parameters, for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and for anti-albumin IgG, IL-6, and lymphocyte T-helper (CD4(+)) and lymphocyte T-cytotoxic (CD8(+)) cells. 25497793 15 97 theme health 2447:2452 arg1 status 2454:2459 health status 2447:2459 health status 2447:2459 The limited variation in milk and hematological and metabolic parameters suggests that GS and LIN can be included, alone or in combination, in the diet of dairy ewes without adverse effects on milk production and health status. 25497793 6 98 theme lymphocyte 1372:1381 arg1 response 1383:1390 lymphocyte response 1372:1390 lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin 1372:1412 On d 0, 45, and 60 of the trial, lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin was determined in vivo on each animal by measuring skin-fold thickness (SFT) at the site of phytohemagglutinin injection. 25497793 9 99 theme urea 1700:1703 arg1 nitrogen 1705:1712 Milk urea nitrogen 1695:1712 Milk urea nitrogen 1695:1712 Milk urea nitrogen and lactose were affected by diet × period. 25497793 2 100 contain containing 613:622 arg1 diet 608:611 a diet 606:611 a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX) 606:709 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX). 25497793 2 100 contain containing 613:622 arg2 g/d 672:674 220 g/d 668:674 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX) 668:709 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX). 25497793 2 100 contain containing 613:622 arg2 mix 626:628 a mix 624:628 a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed 624:662 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX). 25497793 2 101 theme seed 659:662 arg1 head 645:648 head 645:648 head of grape seed 645:662 Twenty-four Sarda dairy ewes were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (CON), a diet containing 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), a diet containing 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (LIN), and a diet containing a mix of 300 g/d per head of grape seed and 220 g/d per head of extruded linseed (MIX). 25389152 7 0 theme unknown 987:993 arg1 glycolipids 995:1005 two unknown glycolipids 983:1005 two unknown glycolipids 983:1005 The polar lipid profile of strain F10(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown glycolipids and two unknown lipids. 25389152 10 1 theme alkaliphila 1449:1459 arg1 sp 1461:1462 the name Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp 1426:1462 the name Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp 1426:1462 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain F10(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp. 25389152 7 2 theme strain 888:893 arg1 T 899:899 T 899:899 T 899:899 The polar lipid profile of strain F10(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown glycolipids and two unknown lipids. 25389152 7 2 theme strain 888:893 arg1 F10 895:897 strain F10 888:897 strain F10(T) 888:900 The polar lipid profile of strain F10(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown glycolipids and two unknown lipids. 25389152 7 3 theme unknown 1015:1021 arg1 lipids 1023:1028 two unknown lipids 1011:1028 two unknown lipids 1011:1028 The polar lipid profile of strain F10(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown glycolipids and two unknown lipids. 25389152 4 4 theme sequence 449:456 arg1 similarity 458:467 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 427:467 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % 427:477 Strain F10(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % with Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T), followed by Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (96.7 %) and Nesterenkonia alba CAAS 252(T) (96.6 %). 25389152 3 5 theme phenotypic 313:322 arg1 properties 324:333 Phylogenetic and phenotypic properties 296:333 Phylogenetic and phenotypic properties of the organism 296:349 Phylogenetic and phenotypic properties of the organism supported that it belonged to the genus Nesterenkonia. 25389152 4 6 theme Nesterenkonia 484:496 arg1 DSM 509:511 Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733 484:517 Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) 484:520 Strain F10(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % with Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T), followed by Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (96.7 %) and Nesterenkonia alba CAAS 252(T) (96.6 %). 25389152 4 6 theme Nesterenkonia 484:496 arg1 T 519:519 T 519:519 T 519:519 Strain F10(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % with Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T), followed by Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (96.7 %) and Nesterenkonia alba CAAS 252(T) (96.6 %). 25389152 7 7 theme F10 895:897 arg1 profile 877:883 The polar lipid profile 861:883 The polar lipid profile of strain F10(T) 861:900 The polar lipid profile of strain F10(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown glycolipids and two unknown lipids. 25389152 12 8 theme LMG 1513:1515 arg1 MCCC 1562:1565  = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946 1510:1573  = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T) 1510:1576 The type strain is F10(T) ( = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T)). 25389152 12 8 theme LMG 1513:1515 arg1 T 1575:1575 T 1575:1575 T 1575:1575 The type strain is F10(T) ( = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T)). 25389152 4 9 dep YIM 563:565 arg1 T 617:617 T 617:617 T 617:617 Strain F10(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % with Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T), followed by Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (96.7 %) and Nesterenkonia alba CAAS 252(T) (96.6 %). 25389152 4 9 dep YIM 563:565 arg1 252 613:615 252 613:615 252 613:615 Strain F10(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % with Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T), followed by Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (96.7 %) and Nesterenkonia alba CAAS 252(T) (96.6 %). 25389152 4 9 dep YIM 563:565 arg1 % 626:626 96.6 % 621:626 96.6 % 621:626 Strain F10(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % with Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T), followed by Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (96.7 %) and Nesterenkonia alba CAAS 252(T) (96.6 %). 25389152 10 10 theme Nesterenkonia 1435:1447 arg1 sp 1461:1462 the name Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp 1426:1462 the name Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp 1426:1462 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain F10(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp. 25389152 4 11 theme % 477:477 arg1 similarity 458:467 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 427:467 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % 427:477 Strain F10(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % with Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T), followed by Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (96.7 %) and Nesterenkonia alba CAAS 252(T) (96.6 %). 25389152 2 12 theme western 273:279 arg1 Ocean 289:293 the western Pacific Ocean 269:293 the western Pacific Ocean 269:293 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria, designated strain F10(T), was isolated from a deep-sea sediment of the western Pacific Ocean. 25389152 2 13 theme Pacific 281:287 arg1 Ocean 289:293 the western Pacific Ocean 269:293 the western Pacific Ocean 269:293 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria, designated strain F10(T), was isolated from a deep-sea sediment of the western Pacific Ocean. 25389152 2 14 theme motile 157:162 arg1 actinobacteria 186:199 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria 122:199 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria 122:199 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria, designated strain F10(T), was isolated from a deep-sea sediment of the western Pacific Ocean. 25389152 8 15 contain contained 1043:1051 arg2 % 1188:1188 29.8 % 1183:1188 29.8 % 1183:1188 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 15 contain contained 1043:1051 arg2 0 1180:1180 0 1180:1180 0 1180:1180 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 15 contain contained 1043:1051 arg2 MK-9 1053:1056 MK-9 1053:1056 MK-9 1053:1056 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 15 contain contained 1043:1051 arg2 MK-8 1069:1072 MK-8 1069:1072 MK-8 1069:1072 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 15 contain contained 1043:1051 arg2 % 1079:1079 5.8 % 1075:1079 5.8 % 1075:1079 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 15 contain contained 1043:1051 arg2 acids 1216:1220 the predominant fatty acids 1194:1220 the predominant fatty acids 1194:1220 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 15 contain contained 1043:1051 arg2 components 1095:1104 the major components 1085:1104 the major components of the menaquinone system 1085:1130 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 15 contain contained 1043:1051 arg1 isolate 1035:1041 The isolate 1031:1041 The isolate 1031:1041 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 15 contain contained 1043:1051 arg2 % 1159:1159 50.9 % 1154:1159 50.9 % 1154:1159 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 15 contain contained 1043:1051 arg2 0 1151:1151 0 1151:1151 0 1151:1151 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 15 contain contained 1043:1051 arg2 % 1062:1062 92 % 1059:1062 92 % 1059:1062 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 4 16 theme Strain 406:411 arg1 T 417:417 T 417:417 T 417:417 Strain F10(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % with Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T), followed by Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (96.7 %) and Nesterenkonia alba CAAS 252(T) (96.6 %). 25389152 4 16 theme Strain 406:411 arg1 F10 413:415 Strain F10 406:415 Strain F10(T) 406:418 Strain F10(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % with Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T), followed by Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (96.7 %) and Nesterenkonia alba CAAS 252(T) (96.6 %). 25389152 1 17 theme halotolerant 53:64 arg1 actinobacteria 66:79 an alkaliphilic, halotolerant actinobacteria 36:79 actinobacteria 66:79 nov., an alkaliphilic, halotolerant actinobacteria isolated from the western Pacific Ocean. 25389152 1 17 theme halotolerant 53:64 arg1 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov., an alkaliphilic, halotolerant actinobacteria isolated from the western Pacific Ocean. 25389152 4 18 theme gene 444:447 arg1 similarity 458:467 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 427:467 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % 427:477 Strain F10(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % with Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T), followed by Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (96.7 %) and Nesterenkonia alba CAAS 252(T) (96.6 %). 25389152 7 19 theme polar 865:869 arg1 profile 877:883 The polar lipid profile 861:883 The polar lipid profile of strain F10(T) 861:900 The polar lipid profile of strain F10(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown glycolipids and two unknown lipids. 25389152 10 20 theme genotypic 1311:1319 arg1 analyses 1338:1345 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses 1299:1345 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses 1299:1345 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain F10(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp. 25389152 8 21 theme major 1089:1093 arg1 0 1180:1180 0 1180:1180 0 1180:1180 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 21 theme major 1089:1093 arg1 MK-9 1053:1056 MK-9 1053:1056 MK-9 1053:1056 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 21 theme major 1089:1093 arg1 MK-8 1069:1072 MK-8 1069:1072 MK-8 1069:1072 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 21 theme major 1089:1093 arg1 components 1095:1104 the major components 1085:1104 the major components of the menaquinone system 1085:1130 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 21 theme major 1089:1093 arg1 0 1151:1151 0 1151:1151 0 1151:1151 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 3 22 theme organism 342:349 arg1 properties 324:333 Phylogenetic and phenotypic properties 296:333 Phylogenetic and phenotypic properties of the organism 296:349 Phylogenetic and phenotypic properties of the organism supported that it belonged to the genus Nesterenkonia. 25389152 2 23 theme aerobic 148:154 arg1 actinobacteria 186:199 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria 122:199 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria 122:199 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria, designated strain F10(T), was isolated from a deep-sea sediment of the western Pacific Ocean. 25389152 7 24 theme lipid 871:875 arg1 profile 877:883 The polar lipid profile 861:883 The polar lipid profile of strain F10(T) 861:900 The polar lipid profile of strain F10(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown glycolipids and two unknown lipids. 25389152 8 25 theme fatty 1210:1214 arg1 0 1180:1180 0 1180:1180 0 1180:1180 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 25 theme fatty 1210:1214 arg1 MK-9 1053:1056 MK-9 1053:1056 MK-9 1053:1056 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 25 theme fatty 1210:1214 arg1 acids 1216:1220 the predominant fatty acids 1194:1220 the predominant fatty acids 1194:1220 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 25 theme fatty 1210:1214 arg1 MK-8 1069:1072 MK-8 1069:1072 MK-8 1069:1072 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 25 theme fatty 1210:1214 arg1 0 1151:1151 0 1151:1151 0 1151:1151 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 12 26 theme CGMCC 1528:1532 arg1 MCCC 1562:1565  = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946 1510:1573  = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T) 1510:1576 The type strain is F10(T) ( = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T)). 25389152 12 26 theme CGMCC 1528:1532 arg1 T 1575:1575 T 1575:1575 T 1575:1575 The type strain is F10(T) ( = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T)). 25389152 5 27 theme NaCl 711:714 arg1 presence 686:693 the presence 682:693 the presence of 0-12 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth occurring at 40 °C, at pH 9.0 and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl 682:803 The organism grew at 4-50 °C, at pH 7.0-12.0 and in the presence of 0-12 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth occurring at 40 °C, at pH 9.0 and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. 25389152 0 28 theme alkaliphila 14:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp 0:27 Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp. 0:28 Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp. 25389152 10 29 theme Nesterenkonia 1402:1414 arg1 species 1381:1387 a novel species 1373:1387 a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp 1373:1462 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain F10(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp. 25389152 8 30 theme predominant 1198:1208 arg1 0 1180:1180 0 1180:1180 0 1180:1180 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 30 theme predominant 1198:1208 arg1 MK-9 1053:1056 MK-9 1053:1056 MK-9 1053:1056 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 30 theme predominant 1198:1208 arg1 acids 1216:1220 the predominant fatty acids 1194:1220 the predominant fatty acids 1194:1220 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 30 theme predominant 1198:1208 arg1 MK-8 1069:1072 MK-8 1069:1072 MK-8 1069:1072 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 30 theme predominant 1198:1208 arg1 0 1151:1151 0 1151:1151 0 1151:1151 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 0 31 theme Nesterenkonia 0:12 arg1 sp 26:27 Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp 0:27 Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp. 0:28 Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp. 25389152 9 32 theme DNA 1254:1256 arg1 content 1231:1237 The G+C content 1223:1237 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain F10(T) 1223:1273 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain F10(T) was 66.2 mol%. 25389152 9 32 theme DNA 1254:1256 arg1 % 1287:1287 66.2 mol% 1279:1287 66.2 mol% 1279:1287 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain F10(T) was 66.2 mol%. 25389152 12 33 theme  = 1559:1560 arg1 MCCC 1562:1565  = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946 1510:1573  = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T) 1510:1576 The type strain is F10(T) ( = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T)). 25389152 12 33 theme  = 1559:1560 arg1 T 1575:1575 T 1575:1575 T 1575:1575 The type strain is F10(T) ( = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T)). 25389152 9 34 theme genomic 1246:1252 arg1 DNA 1254:1256 the genomic DNA 1242:1256 the genomic DNA of strain F10(T) 1242:1273 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain F10(T) was 66.2 mol%. 25389152 12 35 theme T 1542:1542 arg1 MCCC 1562:1565  = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946 1510:1573  = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T) 1510:1576 The type strain is F10(T) ( = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T)). 25389152 12 35 theme T 1542:1542 arg1 T 1575:1575 T 1575:1575 T 1575:1575 The type strain is F10(T) ( = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T)). 25389152 5 36 theme w/v 795:797 arg1 NaCl 800:803 1 % (w/v) NaCl 790:803 1 % (w/v) NaCl 790:803 The organism grew at 4-50 °C, at pH 7.0-12.0 and in the presence of 0-12 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth occurring at 40 °C, at pH 9.0 and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. 25389152 12 37 theme type 1487:1490 arg1 F10 1502:1504 F10 1502:1504 F10(T) ( = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T)) 1502:1577 The type strain is F10(T) ( = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T)). 25389152 12 37 theme type 1487:1490 arg1 strain 1492:1497 The type strain 1483:1497 The type strain 1483:1497 The type strain is F10(T) ( = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T)). 25389152 2 38 theme Ocean 289:293 arg1 sediment 257:264 a deep-sea sediment 246:264 a deep-sea sediment of the western Pacific Ocean 246:293 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria, designated strain F10(T), was isolated from a deep-sea sediment of the western Pacific Ocean. 25389152 9 39 theme strain 1261:1266 arg1 T 1272:1272 T 1272:1272 T 1272:1272 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain F10(T) was 66.2 mol%. 25389152 9 39 theme strain 1261:1266 arg1 F10 1268:1270 strain F10 1261:1270 strain F10(T) 1261:1273 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain F10(T) was 66.2 mol%. 25389152 10 40 theme phenotypic 1299:1308 arg1 analyses 1338:1345 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses 1299:1345 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses 1299:1345 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain F10(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp. 25389152 10 41 theme genus 1396:1400 arg1 Nesterenkonia 1402:1414 the genus Nesterenkonia 1392:1414 the genus Nesterenkonia 1392:1414 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain F10(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp. 25389152 4 42 theme highest 427:433 arg1 similarity 458:467 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 427:467 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % 427:477 Strain F10(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % with Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T), followed by Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (96.7 %) and Nesterenkonia alba CAAS 252(T) (96.6 %). 25389152 1 43 theme Pacific 107:113 arg1 Ocean 115:119 the western Pacific Ocean 95:119 the western Pacific Ocean 95:119 nov., an alkaliphilic, halotolerant actinobacteria isolated from the western Pacific Ocean. 25389152 10 44 theme novel 1375:1379 arg1 species 1381:1387 a novel species 1373:1387 a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp 1373:1462 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain F10(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp. 25389152 5 45 theme % 703:703 arg1 NaCl 711:714 0-12 % (w/v) NaCl 698:714 0-12 % (w/v) NaCl 698:714 The organism grew at 4-50 °C, at pH 7.0-12.0 and in the presence of 0-12 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth occurring at 40 °C, at pH 9.0 and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. 25389152 12 46 theme T 1523:1523 arg1 MCCC 1562:1565  = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946 1510:1573  = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T) 1510:1576 The type strain is F10(T) ( = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T)). 25389152 12 46 theme T 1523:1523 arg1 T 1575:1575 T 1575:1575 T 1575:1575 The type strain is F10(T) ( = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T)). 25389152 12 47 dep F10 1502:1504 arg1 MCCC 1562:1565  = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946 1510:1573  = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T) 1510:1576 The type strain is F10(T) ( = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T)). 25389152 12 47 dep F10 1502:1504 arg1 T 1575:1575 T 1575:1575 T 1575:1575 The type strain is F10(T) ( = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T)). 25389152 5 48 theme NaCl 800:803 arg1 presence 778:785 the presence 774:785 the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl 774:803 The organism grew at 4-50 °C, at pH 7.0-12.0 and in the presence of 0-12 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth occurring at 40 °C, at pH 9.0 and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. 25389152 4 49 theme rRNA 439:442 arg1 similarity 458:467 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 427:467 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % 427:477 Strain F10(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % with Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T), followed by Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (96.7 %) and Nesterenkonia alba CAAS 252(T) (96.6 %). 25389152 8 50 theme system 1125:1130 arg1 0 1180:1180 0 1180:1180 0 1180:1180 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 50 theme system 1125:1130 arg1 MK-9 1053:1056 MK-9 1053:1056 MK-9 1053:1056 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 50 theme system 1125:1130 arg1 MK-8 1069:1072 MK-8 1069:1072 MK-8 1069:1072 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 50 theme system 1125:1130 arg1 components 1095:1104 the major components 1085:1104 the major components of the menaquinone system 1085:1130 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 8 50 theme system 1125:1130 arg1 0 1151:1151 0 1151:1151 0 1151:1151 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 5 51 theme w/v 706:708 arg1 NaCl 711:714 0-12 % (w/v) NaCl 698:714 0-12 % (w/v) NaCl 698:714 The organism grew at 4-50 °C, at pH 7.0-12.0 and in the presence of 0-12 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth occurring at 40 °C, at pH 9.0 and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. 25389152 3 52 theme genus 385:389 arg1 Nesterenkonia 391:403 the genus Nesterenkonia 381:403 the genus Nesterenkonia 381:403 Phylogenetic and phenotypic properties of the organism supported that it belonged to the genus Nesterenkonia. 25389152 4 53 theme aethiopica 498:507 arg1 DSM 509:511 Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733 484:517 Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T) 484:520 Strain F10(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % with Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T), followed by Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (96.7 %) and Nesterenkonia alba CAAS 252(T) (96.6 %). 25389152 4 53 theme aethiopica 498:507 arg1 T 519:519 T 519:519 T 519:519 Strain F10(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % with Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T), followed by Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (96.7 %) and Nesterenkonia alba CAAS 252(T) (96.6 %). 25389152 4 54 theme 16S 435:437 arg1 similarity 458:467 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 427:467 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % 427:477 Strain F10(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % with Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T), followed by Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (96.7 %) and Nesterenkonia alba CAAS 252(T) (96.6 %). 25389152 10 55 theme strain 1348:1353 arg1 T 1359:1359 T 1359:1359 T 1359:1359 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain F10(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp. 25389152 10 55 theme strain 1348:1353 arg1 F10 1355:1357 strain F10 1348:1357 strain F10(T) 1348:1360 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain F10(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp. 25389152 3 56 theme Phylogenetic 296:307 arg1 properties 324:333 Phylogenetic and phenotypic properties 296:333 Phylogenetic and phenotypic properties of the organism 296:349 Phylogenetic and phenotypic properties of the organism supported that it belonged to the genus Nesterenkonia. 25389152 2 57 theme non-spore-forming 168:184 arg1 actinobacteria 186:199 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria 122:199 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria 122:199 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria, designated strain F10(T), was isolated from a deep-sea sediment of the western Pacific Ocean. 25389152 9 58 theme mol 1284:1286 arg1 content 1231:1237 The G+C content 1223:1237 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain F10(T) 1223:1273 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain F10(T) was 66.2 mol%. 25389152 9 58 theme mol 1284:1286 arg1 % 1287:1287 66.2 mol% 1279:1287 66.2 mol% 1279:1287 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain F10(T) was 66.2 mol%. 25389152 5 59 theme % 792:792 arg1 NaCl 800:803 1 % (w/v) NaCl 790:803 1 % (w/v) NaCl 790:803 The organism grew at 4-50 °C, at pH 7.0-12.0 and in the presence of 0-12 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth occurring at 40 °C, at pH 9.0 and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. 25389152 2 60 theme deep-sea 248:255 arg1 sediment 257:264 a deep-sea sediment 246:264 a deep-sea sediment of the western Pacific Ocean 246:293 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria, designated strain F10(T), was isolated from a deep-sea sediment of the western Pacific Ocean. 25389152 9 61 theme F10 1268:1270 arg1 DNA 1254:1256 the genomic DNA 1242:1256 the genomic DNA of strain F10(T) 1242:1273 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain F10(T) was 66.2 mol%. 25389152 1 62 theme western 99:105 arg1 Ocean 115:119 the western Pacific Ocean 95:119 the western Pacific Ocean 95:119 nov., an alkaliphilic, halotolerant actinobacteria isolated from the western Pacific Ocean. 25389152 6 63 theme peptidoglycan 810:822 arg1 A4 833:834 A4 833:834 A4(alpha) 833:841 The peptidoglycan type was A4(alpha), l-Lys-Gly-l-Glu. 25389152 6 63 theme peptidoglycan 810:822 arg1 type 824:827 The peptidoglycan type 806:827 The peptidoglycan type 806:827 The peptidoglycan type was A4(alpha), l-Lys-Gly-l-Glu. 25389152 5 64 with NaCl 711:714 arg1 growth 730:735 optimal growth 722:735 optimal growth occurring at 40 °C, at pH 9.0 and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl 722:803 The organism grew at 4-50 °C, at pH 7.0-12.0 and in the presence of 0-12 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth occurring at 40 °C, at pH 9.0 and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. 25389152 2 65 theme strain 213:218 arg1 T 224:224 T 224:224 T 224:224 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria, designated strain F10(T), was isolated from a deep-sea sediment of the western Pacific Ocean. 25389152 2 65 theme strain 213:218 arg1 F10 220:222 strain F10 213:222 strain F10(T) 213:225 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria, designated strain F10(T), was isolated from a deep-sea sediment of the western Pacific Ocean. 25389152 10 66 theme phylogenetic 1325:1336 arg1 analyses 1338:1345 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses 1299:1345 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses 1299:1345 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain F10(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp. 25389152 12 67 theme T 1557:1557 arg1 MCCC 1562:1565  = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946 1510:1573  = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T) 1510:1576 The type strain is F10(T) ( = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T)). 25389152 12 67 theme T 1557:1557 arg1 T 1575:1575 T 1575:1575 T 1575:1575 The type strain is F10(T) ( = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T)). 25389152 8 68 theme menaquinone 1113:1123 arg1 system 1125:1130 the menaquinone system 1109:1130 the menaquinone system 1109:1130 The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. 25389152 4 69 dep Nesterenkonia 589:601 arg1 CAAS 608:611 Nesterenkonia alba CAAS 589:611 Nesterenkonia alba CAAS 589:611 Strain F10(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % with Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733(T), followed by Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097(T) (96.7 %) and Nesterenkonia alba CAAS 252(T) (96.6 %). 25389152 5 70 theme optimal 722:728 arg1 growth 730:735 optimal growth 722:735 optimal growth occurring at 40 °C, at pH 9.0 and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl 722:803 The organism grew at 4-50 °C, at pH 7.0-12.0 and in the presence of 0-12 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth occurring at 40 °C, at pH 9.0 and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. 25389152 2 71 attach isolated 232:239 arg1 sediment 257:264 a deep-sea sediment 246:264 a deep-sea sediment of the western Pacific Ocean 246:293 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria, designated strain F10(T), was isolated from a deep-sea sediment of the western Pacific Ocean. 25389152 2 71 attach isolated 232:239 arg2 actinobacteria 186:199 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria 122:199 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria 122:199 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria, designated strain F10(T), was isolated from a deep-sea sediment of the western Pacific Ocean. 25389152 12 72 theme JCM 1547:1549 arg1 MCCC 1562:1565  = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946 1510:1573  = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T) 1510:1576 The type strain is F10(T) ( = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T)). 25389152 12 72 theme JCM 1547:1549 arg1 T 1575:1575 T 1575:1575 T 1575:1575 The type strain is F10(T) ( = LMG 28112(T) = CGMCC 1.12781(T) = JCM 19766(T) = MCCC 1A09946(T)). 25389152 2 73 theme Gram-staining-positive 124:145 arg1 actinobacteria 186:199 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria 122:199 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria 122:199 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria, designated strain F10(T), was isolated from a deep-sea sediment of the western Pacific Ocean. 25389152 1 74 theme alkaliphilic 39:50 arg1 actinobacteria 66:79 an alkaliphilic, halotolerant actinobacteria 36:79 actinobacteria 66:79 nov., an alkaliphilic, halotolerant actinobacteria isolated from the western Pacific Ocean. 25389152 1 74 theme alkaliphilic 39:50 arg1 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov., an alkaliphilic, halotolerant actinobacteria isolated from the western Pacific Ocean. 25389152 10 75 theme name 1430:1433 arg1 sp 1461:1462 the name Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp 1426:1462 the name Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp 1426:1462 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain F10(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp. 25389152 9 76 theme G+C 1227:1229 arg1 content 1231:1237 The G+C content 1223:1237 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain F10(T) 1223:1273 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain F10(T) was 66.2 mol%. 25389152 9 76 theme G+C 1227:1229 arg1 % 1287:1287 66.2 mol% 1279:1287 66.2 mol% 1279:1287 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain F10(T) was 66.2 mol%. 27982124 0 0 theme anti-inflammatory 102:118 arg1 properties 120:129 anti-inflammatory properties 102:129 anti-inflammatory properties 102:129 The human intestinal microbiota of constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. 27982124 5 1 contain had 971:973 arg1 Animals 934:940 Animals 934:940 Animals harboring a C-IBS microbiota 934:969 Animals harboring a C-IBS microbiota had reduced DSS colitis with a decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses. 27982124 5 1 contain had 971:973 arg2 colitis 987:993 reduced DSS colitis 975:993 reduced DSS colitis 975:993 Animals harboring a C-IBS microbiota had reduced DSS colitis with a decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses. 27982124 1 2 theme bowel 209:213 arg1 C-IBS 225:229 C-IBS 225:229 C-IBS 225:229 The intestinal microbiota of patients with constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS) displays chronic dysbiosis. 27982124 1 2 theme bowel 209:213 arg1 syndrome 215:222 constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome 175:222 constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS) 175:230 The intestinal microbiota of patients with constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS) displays chronic dysbiosis. 27982124 6 3 with exposure 1204:1211 arg1 muciniphila 1154:1164 A. muciniphila 1151:1164 A. muciniphila 1151:1164 The pre-treatment of conventional C57BL/6 mice or HMAR with A. muciniphila, but not with Escherichia coli, prior exposure to DSS also resulted in a reduction of colitis severity, highlighting that the anti-inflammatory effect of the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients is mediated, in part, by A. muciniphila. 27982124 6 4 theme patients 1348:1355 arg1 effect 1310:1315 the anti-inflammatory effect 1288:1315 the anti-inflammatory effect of the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients 1288:1355 The pre-treatment of conventional C57BL/6 mice or HMAR with A. muciniphila, but not with Escherichia coli, prior exposure to DSS also resulted in a reduction of colitis severity, highlighting that the anti-inflammatory effect of the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients is mediated, in part, by A. muciniphila. 27982124 5 5 theme DSS 983:985 arg1 colitis 987:993 reduced DSS colitis 975:993 reduced DSS colitis 975:993 Animals harboring a C-IBS microbiota had reduced DSS colitis with a decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses. 27982124 4 6 theme healthy 858:864 arg1 individuals 866:876 healthy individuals 858:876 healthy individuals 858:876 The bacterial diversity of the gut microbiota of healthy individuals or C-IBS patients was maintained in corresponding HMAR. 27982124 3 7 theme Enterobacteriaceae 684:701 arg1 increase 672:679 an increase 669:679 an increase of Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio sp., and mainly Akkermansia muciniphila 669:756 The analysis of the microbiota composition revealed a decrease of the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium and an increase of Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio sp., and mainly Akkermansia muciniphila in C-IBS patients compared to healthy individuals. 27982124 3 7 theme Enterobacteriaceae 684:701 arg1 decrease 564:571 a decrease 562:571 a decrease of the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium 562:663 The analysis of the microbiota composition revealed a decrease of the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium and an increase of Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio sp., and mainly Akkermansia muciniphila in C-IBS patients compared to healthy individuals. 27982124 6 8 theme C-IBS 1342:1346 arg1 patients 1348:1355 C-IBS patients 1342:1355 C-IBS patients 1342:1355 The pre-treatment of conventional C57BL/6 mice or HMAR with A. muciniphila, but not with Escherichia coli, prior exposure to DSS also resulted in a reduction of colitis severity, highlighting that the anti-inflammatory effect of the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients is mediated, in part, by A. muciniphila. 27982124 3 9 theme relative 580:587 arg1 abundance 589:597 the relative abundance 576:597 the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium 576:663 The analysis of the microbiota composition revealed a decrease of the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium and an increase of Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio sp., and mainly Akkermansia muciniphila in C-IBS patients compared to healthy individuals. 27982124 2 10 theme host 349:352 arg1 response 380:387 the host intestinal mucosal immune response 345:387 the host intestinal mucosal immune response 345:387 Our aim was to determine whether this microbial imbalance instigates perturbation of the host intestinal mucosal immune response, using a model of human microbiota-associated rats (HMAR) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. 27982124 4 11 theme bacterial 813:821 arg1 diversity 823:831 The bacterial diversity 809:831 The bacterial diversity of the gut microbiota of healthy individuals or C-IBS patients 809:894 The bacterial diversity of the gut microbiota of healthy individuals or C-IBS patients was maintained in corresponding HMAR. 27982124 7 12 theme host 1500:1503 arg1 homeostasis 1516:1526 host intestinal homeostasis 1500:1526 host intestinal homeostasis 1500:1526 This work highlights a novel aspect of the crosstalk between the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients and host intestinal homeostasis. 27982124 7 13 theme C-IBS 1481:1485 arg1 patients 1487:1494 C-IBS patients 1481:1494 C-IBS patients 1481:1494 This work highlights a novel aspect of the crosstalk between the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients and host intestinal homeostasis. 27982124 3 14 theme abundance 589:597 arg1 increase 672:679 an increase 669:679 an increase of Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio sp., and mainly Akkermansia muciniphila 669:756 The analysis of the microbiota composition revealed a decrease of the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium and an increase of Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio sp., and mainly Akkermansia muciniphila in C-IBS patients compared to healthy individuals. 27982124 3 14 theme abundance 589:597 arg1 decrease 564:571 a decrease 562:571 a decrease of the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium 562:663 The analysis of the microbiota composition revealed a decrease of the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium and an increase of Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio sp., and mainly Akkermansia muciniphila in C-IBS patients compared to healthy individuals. 27982124 5 15 from responses 1080:1088 arg1 cytokines 1043:1051 pro-inflammatory cytokines 1026:1051 pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses 1026:1088 Animals harboring a C-IBS microbiota had reduced DSS colitis with a decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses. 27982124 5 15 from responses 1080:1088 arg1 expression 1012:1021 a decreased expression 1000:1021 a decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses 1000:1088 Animals harboring a C-IBS microbiota had reduced DSS colitis with a decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses. 27982124 5 16 theme Th17 1075:1078 arg1 responses 1080:1088 innate, Th1, and Th17 responses 1058:1088 responses 1080:1088 Animals harboring a C-IBS microbiota had reduced DSS colitis with a decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses. 27982124 1 17 with patients 161:168 arg1 C-IBS 225:229 C-IBS 225:229 C-IBS 225:229 The intestinal microbiota of patients with constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS) displays chronic dysbiosis. 27982124 1 17 with patients 161:168 arg1 syndrome 215:222 constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome 175:222 constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS) 175:230 The intestinal microbiota of patients with constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS) displays chronic dysbiosis. 27982124 7 18 theme gut 1463:1465 arg1 microbiota 1467:1476 the gut microbiota 1459:1476 the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients 1459:1494 This work highlights a novel aspect of the crosstalk between the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients and host intestinal homeostasis. 27982124 5 19 theme C-IBS 954:958 arg1 microbiota 960:969 a C-IBS microbiota 952:969 a C-IBS microbiota 952:969 Animals harboring a C-IBS microbiota had reduced DSS colitis with a decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses. 27982124 2 20 theme experimental 488:499 arg1 colitis 501:507 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis 451:507 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis 451:507 Our aim was to determine whether this microbial imbalance instigates perturbation of the host intestinal mucosal immune response, using a model of human microbiota-associated rats (HMAR) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. 27982124 7 21 theme patients 1487:1494 arg1 microbiota 1467:1476 the gut microbiota 1459:1476 the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients 1459:1494 This work highlights a novel aspect of the crosstalk between the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients and host intestinal homeostasis. 27982124 7 21 theme patients 1487:1494 arg1 homeostasis 1516:1526 host intestinal homeostasis 1500:1526 host intestinal homeostasis 1500:1526 This work highlights a novel aspect of the crosstalk between the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients and host intestinal homeostasis. 27982124 4 22 theme corresponding 914:926 arg1 HMAR 928:931 corresponding HMAR 914:931 corresponding HMAR 914:931 The bacterial diversity of the gut microbiota of healthy individuals or C-IBS patients was maintained in corresponding HMAR. 27982124 2 23 theme -induced 479:486 arg1 colitis 501:507 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis 451:507 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis 451:507 Our aim was to determine whether this microbial imbalance instigates perturbation of the host intestinal mucosal immune response, using a model of human microbiota-associated rats (HMAR) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. 27982124 0 24 theme human 4:8 arg1 microbiota 21:30 The human intestinal microbiota 0:30 The human intestinal microbiota of constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients 0:91 The human intestinal microbiota of constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. 27982124 3 25 theme healthy 788:794 arg1 individuals 796:806 healthy individuals 788:806 healthy individuals 788:806 The analysis of the microbiota composition revealed a decrease of the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium and an increase of Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio sp., and mainly Akkermansia muciniphila in C-IBS patients compared to healthy individuals. 27982124 5 26 from expression 1012:1021 arg1 responses 1080:1088 innate, Th1, and Th17 responses 1058:1088 responses 1080:1088 Animals harboring a C-IBS microbiota had reduced DSS colitis with a decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses. 27982124 5 26 from expression 1012:1021 arg1 Th1 1066:1068 innate, Th1, and Th17 responses 1058:1088 Th1 1066:1068 Animals harboring a C-IBS microbiota had reduced DSS colitis with a decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses. 27982124 2 27 theme immune 373:378 arg1 response 380:387 the host intestinal mucosal immune response 345:387 the host intestinal mucosal immune response 345:387 Our aim was to determine whether this microbial imbalance instigates perturbation of the host intestinal mucosal immune response, using a model of human microbiota-associated rats (HMAR) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. 27982124 7 28 theme intestinal 1505:1514 arg1 homeostasis 1516:1526 host intestinal homeostasis 1500:1526 host intestinal homeostasis 1500:1526 This work highlights a novel aspect of the crosstalk between the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients and host intestinal homeostasis. 27982124 3 29 theme C-IBS 761:765 arg1 patients 767:774 C-IBS patients 761:774 C-IBS patients 761:774 The analysis of the microbiota composition revealed a decrease of the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium and an increase of Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio sp., and mainly Akkermansia muciniphila in C-IBS patients compared to healthy individuals. 27982124 6 30 theme severity 1260:1267 arg1 reduction 1239:1247 a reduction 1237:1247 a reduction of colitis severity 1237:1267 The pre-treatment of conventional C57BL/6 mice or HMAR with A. muciniphila, but not with Escherichia coli, prior exposure to DSS also resulted in a reduction of colitis severity, highlighting that the anti-inflammatory effect of the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients is mediated, in part, by A. muciniphila. 27982124 6 31 theme microbiota 1328:1337 arg1 effect 1310:1315 the anti-inflammatory effect 1288:1315 the anti-inflammatory effect of the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients 1288:1355 The pre-treatment of conventional C57BL/6 mice or HMAR with A. muciniphila, but not with Escherichia coli, prior exposure to DSS also resulted in a reduction of colitis severity, highlighting that the anti-inflammatory effect of the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients is mediated, in part, by A. muciniphila. 27982124 2 32 theme mucosal 365:371 arg1 response 380:387 the host intestinal mucosal immune response 345:387 the host intestinal mucosal immune response 345:387 Our aim was to determine whether this microbial imbalance instigates perturbation of the host intestinal mucosal immune response, using a model of human microbiota-associated rats (HMAR) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. 27982124 4 33 theme gut 840:842 arg1 microbiota 844:853 the gut microbiota 836:853 the gut microbiota of healthy individuals or C-IBS patients 836:894 The bacterial diversity of the gut microbiota of healthy individuals or C-IBS patients was maintained in corresponding HMAR. 27982124 2 34 theme rats 435:438 arg1 colitis 501:507 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis 451:507 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis 451:507 Our aim was to determine whether this microbial imbalance instigates perturbation of the host intestinal mucosal immune response, using a model of human microbiota-associated rats (HMAR) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. 27982124 2 34 theme rats 435:438 arg1 model 398:402 a model 396:402 a model of human microbiota-associated rats (HMAR) 396:445 Our aim was to determine whether this microbial imbalance instigates perturbation of the host intestinal mucosal immune response, using a model of human microbiota-associated rats (HMAR) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. 27982124 2 35 theme human 407:411 arg1 HMAR 441:444 HMAR 441:444 HMAR 441:444 Our aim was to determine whether this microbial imbalance instigates perturbation of the host intestinal mucosal immune response, using a model of human microbiota-associated rats (HMAR) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. 27982124 2 35 theme human 407:411 arg1 rats 435:438 human microbiota-associated rats 407:438 human microbiota-associated rats (HMAR) 407:445 Our aim was to determine whether this microbial imbalance instigates perturbation of the host intestinal mucosal immune response, using a model of human microbiota-associated rats (HMAR) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. 27982124 7 36 theme novel 1421:1425 arg1 aspect 1427:1432 a novel aspect 1419:1432 a novel aspect of the crosstalk between the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients and host intestinal homeostasis 1419:1526 This work highlights a novel aspect of the crosstalk between the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients and host intestinal homeostasis. 27982124 2 37 theme intestinal 354:363 arg1 response 380:387 the host intestinal mucosal immune response 345:387 the host intestinal mucosal immune response 345:387 Our aim was to determine whether this microbial imbalance instigates perturbation of the host intestinal mucosal immune response, using a model of human microbiota-associated rats (HMAR) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. 27982124 1 38 theme chronic 241:247 arg1 dysbiosis 249:257 chronic dysbiosis 241:257 chronic dysbiosis 241:257 The intestinal microbiota of patients with constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS) displays chronic dysbiosis. 27982124 0 39 theme intestinal 10:19 arg1 microbiota 21:30 The human intestinal microbiota 0:30 The human intestinal microbiota of constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients 0:91 The human intestinal microbiota of constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. 27982124 5 40 theme pro-inflammatory 1026:1041 arg1 cytokines 1043:1051 pro-inflammatory cytokines 1026:1051 pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses 1026:1088 Animals harboring a C-IBS microbiota had reduced DSS colitis with a decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses. 27982124 1 41 theme intestinal 136:145 arg1 microbiota 147:156 The intestinal microbiota 132:156 The intestinal microbiota of patients with constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS) 132:230 The intestinal microbiota of patients with constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS) displays chronic dysbiosis. 27982124 2 42 theme microbiota-associated 413:433 arg1 HMAR 441:444 HMAR 441:444 HMAR 441:444 Our aim was to determine whether this microbial imbalance instigates perturbation of the host intestinal mucosal immune response, using a model of human microbiota-associated rats (HMAR) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. 27982124 2 42 theme microbiota-associated 413:433 arg1 rats 435:438 human microbiota-associated rats 407:438 human microbiota-associated rats (HMAR) 407:445 Our aim was to determine whether this microbial imbalance instigates perturbation of the host intestinal mucosal immune response, using a model of human microbiota-associated rats (HMAR) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. 27982124 0 43 theme constipated-predominant 35:57 arg1 syndrome 75:82 constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome 35:82 constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients 35:91 The human intestinal microbiota of constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. 27982124 5 44 theme innate 1058:1063 arg1 Th1 1066:1068 innate, Th1, and Th17 responses 1058:1088 Th1 1066:1068 Animals harboring a C-IBS microbiota had reduced DSS colitis with a decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses. 27982124 6 45 theme prior 1198:1202 arg1 exposure 1204:1211 prior exposure 1198:1211 prior exposure to DSS 1198:1218 The pre-treatment of conventional C57BL/6 mice or HMAR with A. muciniphila, but not with Escherichia coli, prior exposure to DSS also resulted in a reduction of colitis severity, highlighting that the anti-inflammatory effect of the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients is mediated, in part, by A. muciniphila. 27982124 3 46 theme Bifidobacterium 649:663 arg1 abundance 589:597 the relative abundance 576:597 the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium 576:663 The analysis of the microbiota composition revealed a decrease of the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium and an increase of Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio sp., and mainly Akkermansia muciniphila in C-IBS patients compared to healthy individuals. 27982124 6 47 theme mice 1133:1136 arg1 pre-treatment 1095:1107 The pre-treatment 1091:1107 The pre-treatment of conventional C57BL/6 mice or HMAR with A. muciniphila, but not with Escherichia coli, prior exposure to DSS 1091:1218 The pre-treatment of conventional C57BL/6 mice or HMAR with A. muciniphila, but not with Escherichia coli, prior exposure to DSS also resulted in a reduction of colitis severity, highlighting that the anti-inflammatory effect of the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients is mediated, in part, by A. muciniphila. 27982124 4 48 theme patients 887:894 arg1 microbiota 844:853 the gut microbiota 836:853 the gut microbiota of healthy individuals or C-IBS patients 836:894 The bacterial diversity of the gut microbiota of healthy individuals or C-IBS patients was maintained in corresponding HMAR. 27982124 6 49 theme C57BL/6 1125:1131 arg1 mice 1133:1136 conventional C57BL/6 mice 1112:1136 conventional C57BL/6 mice 1112:1136 The pre-treatment of conventional C57BL/6 mice or HMAR with A. muciniphila, but not with Escherichia coli, prior exposure to DSS also resulted in a reduction of colitis severity, highlighting that the anti-inflammatory effect of the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients is mediated, in part, by A. muciniphila. 27982124 0 50 theme bowel 69:73 arg1 syndrome 75:82 constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome 35:82 constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients 35:91 The human intestinal microbiota of constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. 27982124 3 51 theme composition 541:551 arg1 analysis 514:521 The analysis 510:521 The analysis of the microbiota composition 510:551 The analysis of the microbiota composition revealed a decrease of the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium and an increase of Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio sp., and mainly Akkermansia muciniphila in C-IBS patients compared to healthy individuals. 27982124 3 52 theme Desulfovibrio 704:716 arg1 increase 672:679 an increase 669:679 an increase of Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio sp., and mainly Akkermansia muciniphila 669:756 The analysis of the microbiota composition revealed a decrease of the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium and an increase of Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio sp., and mainly Akkermansia muciniphila in C-IBS patients compared to healthy individuals. 27982124 3 52 theme Desulfovibrio 704:716 arg1 decrease 564:571 a decrease 562:571 a decrease of the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium 562:663 The analysis of the microbiota composition revealed a decrease of the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium and an increase of Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio sp., and mainly Akkermansia muciniphila in C-IBS patients compared to healthy individuals. 27982124 3 53 theme rectale 637:643 arg1 abundance 589:597 the relative abundance 576:597 the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium 576:663 The analysis of the microbiota composition revealed a decrease of the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium and an increase of Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio sp., and mainly Akkermansia muciniphila in C-IBS patients compared to healthy individuals. 27982124 0 54 theme irritable 59:67 arg1 syndrome 75:82 constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome 35:82 constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients 35:91 The human intestinal microbiota of constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. 27982124 3 55 theme Akkermansia 734:744 arg1 muciniphila 746:756 Akkermansia muciniphila 734:756 Akkermansia muciniphila 734:756 The analysis of the microbiota composition revealed a decrease of the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium and an increase of Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio sp., and mainly Akkermansia muciniphila in C-IBS patients compared to healthy individuals. 27982124 6 56 theme gut 1324:1326 arg1 microbiota 1328:1337 the gut microbiota 1320:1337 the gut microbiota 1320:1337 The pre-treatment of conventional C57BL/6 mice or HMAR with A. muciniphila, but not with Escherichia coli, prior exposure to DSS also resulted in a reduction of colitis severity, highlighting that the anti-inflammatory effect of the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients is mediated, in part, by A. muciniphila. 27982124 3 57 theme microbiota 530:539 arg1 composition 541:551 the microbiota composition 526:551 the microbiota composition 526:551 The analysis of the microbiota composition revealed a decrease of the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium and an increase of Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio sp., and mainly Akkermansia muciniphila in C-IBS patients compared to healthy individuals. 27982124 3 58 theme muciniphila 746:756 arg1 increase 672:679 an increase 669:679 an increase of Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio sp., and mainly Akkermansia muciniphila 669:756 The analysis of the microbiota composition revealed a decrease of the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium and an increase of Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio sp., and mainly Akkermansia muciniphila in C-IBS patients compared to healthy individuals. 27982124 3 58 theme muciniphila 746:756 arg1 decrease 564:571 a decrease 562:571 a decrease of the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium 562:663 The analysis of the microbiota composition revealed a decrease of the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium and an increase of Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio sp., and mainly Akkermansia muciniphila in C-IBS patients compared to healthy individuals. 27982124 4 59 theme individuals 866:876 arg1 microbiota 844:853 the gut microbiota 836:853 the gut microbiota of healthy individuals or C-IBS patients 836:894 The bacterial diversity of the gut microbiota of healthy individuals or C-IBS patients was maintained in corresponding HMAR. 27982124 6 60 theme anti-inflammatory 1292:1308 arg1 effect 1310:1315 the anti-inflammatory effect 1288:1315 the anti-inflammatory effect of the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients 1288:1355 The pre-treatment of conventional C57BL/6 mice or HMAR with A. muciniphila, but not with Escherichia coli, prior exposure to DSS also resulted in a reduction of colitis severity, highlighting that the anti-inflammatory effect of the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients is mediated, in part, by A. muciniphila. 27982124 1 61 theme patients 161:168 arg1 microbiota 147:156 The intestinal microbiota 132:156 The intestinal microbiota of patients with constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS) 132:230 The intestinal microbiota of patients with constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS) displays chronic dysbiosis. 27982124 5 62 theme cytokines 1043:1051 arg1 expression 1012:1021 a decreased expression 1000:1021 a decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses 1000:1088 Animals harboring a C-IBS microbiota had reduced DSS colitis with a decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses. 27982124 6 63 theme conventional 1112:1123 arg1 mice 1133:1136 conventional C57BL/6 mice 1112:1136 conventional C57BL/6 mice 1112:1136 The pre-treatment of conventional C57BL/6 mice or HMAR with A. muciniphila, but not with Escherichia coli, prior exposure to DSS also resulted in a reduction of colitis severity, highlighting that the anti-inflammatory effect of the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients is mediated, in part, by A. muciniphila. 27982124 4 64 theme microbiota 844:853 arg1 diversity 823:831 The bacterial diversity 809:831 The bacterial diversity of the gut microbiota of healthy individuals or C-IBS patients 809:894 The bacterial diversity of the gut microbiota of healthy individuals or C-IBS patients was maintained in corresponding HMAR. 27982124 2 65 theme microbial 298:306 arg1 imbalance 308:316 this microbial imbalance 293:316 this microbial imbalance 293:316 Our aim was to determine whether this microbial imbalance instigates perturbation of the host intestinal mucosal immune response, using a model of human microbiota-associated rats (HMAR) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. 27982124 2 66 theme response 380:387 arg1 perturbation 329:340 perturbation 329:340 perturbation of the host intestinal mucosal immune response 329:387 Our aim was to determine whether this microbial imbalance instigates perturbation of the host intestinal mucosal immune response, using a model of human microbiota-associated rats (HMAR) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. 27982124 7 67 theme crosstalk 1441:1449 arg1 aspect 1427:1432 a novel aspect 1419:1432 a novel aspect of the crosstalk between the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients and host intestinal homeostasis 1419:1526 This work highlights a novel aspect of the crosstalk between the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients and host intestinal homeostasis. 27982124 5 68 theme decreased 1002:1010 arg1 expression 1012:1021 a decreased expression 1000:1021 a decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses 1000:1088 Animals harboring a C-IBS microbiota had reduced DSS colitis with a decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses. 27982124 0 69 theme patients 84:91 arg1 microbiota 21:30 The human intestinal microbiota 0:30 The human intestinal microbiota of constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients 0:91 The human intestinal microbiota of constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. 27982124 5 70 theme reduced 975:981 arg1 colitis 987:993 reduced DSS colitis 975:993 reduced DSS colitis 975:993 Animals harboring a C-IBS microbiota had reduced DSS colitis with a decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses. 27982124 4 71 theme C-IBS 881:885 arg1 patients 887:894 C-IBS patients 881:894 C-IBS patients 881:894 The bacterial diversity of the gut microbiota of healthy individuals or C-IBS patients was maintained in corresponding HMAR. 27982124 6 72 theme HMAR 1141:1144 arg1 pre-treatment 1095:1107 The pre-treatment 1091:1107 The pre-treatment of conventional C57BL/6 mice or HMAR with A. muciniphila, but not with Escherichia coli, prior exposure to DSS 1091:1218 The pre-treatment of conventional C57BL/6 mice or HMAR with A. muciniphila, but not with Escherichia coli, prior exposure to DSS also resulted in a reduction of colitis severity, highlighting that the anti-inflammatory effect of the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients is mediated, in part, by A. muciniphila. 27982124 1 73 theme constipated-predominant 175:197 arg1 C-IBS 225:229 C-IBS 225:229 C-IBS 225:229 The intestinal microbiota of patients with constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS) displays chronic dysbiosis. 27982124 1 73 theme constipated-predominant 175:197 arg1 syndrome 215:222 constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome 175:222 constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS) 175:230 The intestinal microbiota of patients with constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS) displays chronic dysbiosis. 27982124 0 74 theme syndrome 75:82 arg1 patients 84:91 constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients 35:91 constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients 35:91 The human intestinal microbiota of constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. 27982124 6 75 theme colitis 1252:1258 arg1 severity 1260:1267 colitis severity 1252:1267 colitis severity 1252:1267 The pre-treatment of conventional C57BL/6 mice or HMAR with A. muciniphila, but not with Escherichia coli, prior exposure to DSS also resulted in a reduction of colitis severity, highlighting that the anti-inflammatory effect of the gut microbiota of C-IBS patients is mediated, in part, by A. muciniphila. 27982124 1 76 theme irritable 199:207 arg1 C-IBS 225:229 C-IBS 225:229 C-IBS 225:229 The intestinal microbiota of patients with constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS) displays chronic dysbiosis. 27982124 1 76 theme irritable 199:207 arg1 syndrome 215:222 constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome 175:222 constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS) 175:230 The intestinal microbiota of patients with constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS) displays chronic dysbiosis. 27982124 5 77 from Th1 1066:1068 arg1 cytokines 1043:1051 pro-inflammatory cytokines 1026:1051 pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses 1026:1088 Animals harboring a C-IBS microbiota had reduced DSS colitis with a decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses. 27982124 5 77 from Th1 1066:1068 arg1 expression 1012:1021 a decreased expression 1000:1021 a decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses 1000:1088 Animals harboring a C-IBS microbiota had reduced DSS colitis with a decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines from innate, Th1, and Th17 responses. 27039212 6 0 theme higher 892:897 arg1 levels 899:904 much higher levels 887:904 much higher levels of antibody 887:916 Glucopyranosyl lipid A in a stable oil-in-water emulsion (GLA-SE) produced much higher levels of antibody in response to immunization compared with Alhydrogel; immunization with GLA-SE also produced antibodies with higher affinities for methamphetamine. 27039212 7 1 theme vaccines 1107:1114 arg1 studies 1096:1102 human studies 1090:1102 human studies of vaccines for influenza among others 1090:1141 GLA-SE has been used in human studies of vaccines for influenza among others and like some other clinical TLR4 agonists, it is safe and elicits a strong immune response. 27039212 9 2 theme antibody 1536:1543 arg1 levels 1526:1531 much higher levels 1514:1531 much higher levels of antibody than substance abuse vaccines that have unsuccessfully used aluminum-based adjuvants 1514:1628 Clinical studies of the ICKLH-SMO9 methamphetamine vaccine adjuvanted with GLA-SE have the potential for demonstrating efficacy by generating much higher levels of antibody than substance abuse vaccines that have unsuccessfully used aluminum-based adjuvants. 27039212 5 3 theme hapten 732:737 arg1 density 739:745 methamphetamine hapten density 716:745 methamphetamine hapten density 716:745 While methamphetamine hapten density did not strongly affect the antibody response, the adjuvant did. 27039212 4 4 theme hapten 576:581 arg1 densities 591:599 hapten epitope densities 576:599 hapten epitope densities 576:599 A range of hapten epitope densities were compared, as were the adjuvants Alhydrogel and a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE. 27039212 8 5 theme intramuscular 1293:1305 arg1 injection 1307:1315 intramuscular injection 1293:1315 intramuscular injection 1293:1315 GLA-SE adjuvanted vaccines are typically administered by intramuscular injection and this also proved effective in these mouse studies. 27039212 9 6 contain have 1454:1457 arg1 studies 1381:1387 Clinical studies 1372:1387 Clinical studies of the ICKLH-SMO9 methamphetamine vaccine adjuvanted with GLA-SE 1372:1452 Clinical studies of the ICKLH-SMO9 methamphetamine vaccine adjuvanted with GLA-SE have the potential for demonstrating efficacy by generating much higher levels of antibody than substance abuse vaccines that have unsuccessfully used aluminum-based adjuvants. 27039212 9 6 contain have 1454:1457 arg2 potential 1463:1471 the potential 1459:1471 the potential for demonstrating efficacy by generating much higher levels of antibody than substance abuse vaccines that have unsuccessfully used aluminum-based adjuvants 1459:1628 Clinical studies of the ICKLH-SMO9 methamphetamine vaccine adjuvanted with GLA-SE have the potential for demonstrating efficacy by generating much higher levels of antibody than substance abuse vaccines that have unsuccessfully used aluminum-based adjuvants. 27039212 7 7 theme strong 1212:1217 arg1 response 1226:1233 a strong immune response 1210:1233 a strong immune response 1210:1233 GLA-SE has been used in human studies of vaccines for influenza among others and like some other clinical TLR4 agonists, it is safe and elicits a strong immune response. 27039212 9 8 theme methamphetamine 1407:1421 arg1 vaccine 1423:1429 the ICKLH-SMO9 methamphetamine vaccine 1392:1429 the ICKLH-SMO9 methamphetamine vaccine adjuvanted with GLA-SE 1392:1452 Clinical studies of the ICKLH-SMO9 methamphetamine vaccine adjuvanted with GLA-SE have the potential for demonstrating efficacy by generating much higher levels of antibody than substance abuse vaccines that have unsuccessfully used aluminum-based adjuvants. 27039212 7 9 used used 1082:1085 arg2 GLA-SE 1066:1071 GLA-SE 1066:1071 GLA-SE 1066:1071 GLA-SE has been used in human studies of vaccines for influenza among others and like some other clinical TLR4 agonists, it is safe and elicits a strong immune response. 27039212 3 10 from route 415:419 arg1 mice 494:497 mice 494:497 mice with the goal of generating significantly higher antibody levels 494:562 The current studies aimed to optimize the composition, adjuvant and route of administration of a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine, ICKLH-SMO9, in mice with the goal of generating significantly higher antibody levels. 27039212 9 11 used used 1600:1603 arg2 vaccines 1566:1573 substance abuse vaccines 1550:1573 substance abuse vaccines that have unsuccessfully used aluminum-based adjuvants 1550:1628 Clinical studies of the ICKLH-SMO9 methamphetamine vaccine adjuvanted with GLA-SE have the potential for demonstrating efficacy by generating much higher levels of antibody than substance abuse vaccines that have unsuccessfully used aluminum-based adjuvants. 27039212 3 12 theme higher 541:546 arg1 levels 557:562 significantly higher antibody levels 527:562 significantly higher antibody levels 527:562 The current studies aimed to optimize the composition, adjuvant and route of administration of a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine, ICKLH-SMO9, in mice with the goal of generating significantly higher antibody levels. 27039212 4 13 theme densities 591:599 arg1 range 567:571 A range 565:571 A range of hapten epitope densities 565:599 A range of hapten epitope densities were compared, as were the adjuvants Alhydrogel and a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE. 27039212 8 14 theme mouse 1357:1361 arg1 studies 1363:1369 these mouse studies 1351:1369 these mouse studies 1351:1369 GLA-SE adjuvanted vaccines are typically administered by intramuscular injection and this also proved effective in these mouse studies. 27039212 9 15 theme abuse 1560:1564 arg1 vaccines 1566:1573 substance abuse vaccines 1550:1573 substance abuse vaccines that have unsuccessfully used aluminum-based adjuvants 1550:1628 Clinical studies of the ICKLH-SMO9 methamphetamine vaccine adjuvanted with GLA-SE have the potential for demonstrating efficacy by generating much higher levels of antibody than substance abuse vaccines that have unsuccessfully used aluminum-based adjuvants. 27039212 3 16 theme antibody 548:555 arg1 levels 557:562 significantly higher antibody levels 527:562 significantly higher antibody levels 527:562 The current studies aimed to optimize the composition, adjuvant and route of administration of a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine, ICKLH-SMO9, in mice with the goal of generating significantly higher antibody levels. 27039212 4 17 theme epitope 583:589 arg1 densities 591:599 hapten epitope densities 576:599 hapten epitope densities 576:599 A range of hapten epitope densities were compared, as were the adjuvants Alhydrogel and a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE. 27039212 5 18 theme methamphetamine 716:730 arg1 density 739:745 methamphetamine hapten density 716:745 methamphetamine hapten density 716:745 While methamphetamine hapten density did not strongly affect the antibody response, the adjuvant did. 27039212 8 19 from studies 1363:1369 arg1 effective 1338:1346 effective 1338:1346 effective 1338:1346 GLA-SE adjuvanted vaccines are typically administered by intramuscular injection and this also proved effective in these mouse studies. 27039212 3 20 theme current 351:357 arg1 studies 359:365 The current studies 347:365 The current studies 347:365 The current studies aimed to optimize the composition, adjuvant and route of administration of a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine, ICKLH-SMO9, in mice with the goal of generating significantly higher antibody levels. 27039212 7 21 theme human 1090:1094 arg1 studies 1096:1102 human studies 1090:1102 human studies of vaccines for influenza among others 1090:1141 GLA-SE has been used in human studies of vaccines for influenza among others and like some other clinical TLR4 agonists, it is safe and elicits a strong immune response. 27039212 7 22 theme TLR4 1172:1175 arg1 agonists 1177:1184 some other clinical TLR4 agonists 1152:1184 some other clinical TLR4 agonists 1152:1184 GLA-SE has been used in human studies of vaccines for influenza among others and like some other clinical TLR4 agonists, it is safe and elicits a strong immune response. 27039212 7 23 theme other 1157:1161 arg1 agonists 1177:1184 some other clinical TLR4 agonists 1152:1184 some other clinical TLR4 agonists 1152:1184 GLA-SE has been used in human studies of vaccines for influenza among others and like some other clinical TLR4 agonists, it is safe and elicits a strong immune response. 27039212 3 24 from composition 389:399 arg1 mice 494:497 mice 494:497 mice with the goal of generating significantly higher antibody levels 494:562 The current studies aimed to optimize the composition, adjuvant and route of administration of a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine, ICKLH-SMO9, in mice with the goal of generating significantly higher antibody levels. 27039212 2 25 theme inadequate 305:314 arg1 production 335:344 inadequate anti-drug antibody production 305:344 inadequate anti-drug antibody production 305:344 Active vaccines for treating abuse of nicotine and cocaine are in clinical studies, but have not proven effective seemingly due to inadequate anti-drug antibody production. 27039212 4 26 theme Toll-like 659:667 arg1 receptor 669:676 Toll-like receptor 4 659:678 a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE 653:707 A range of hapten epitope densities were compared, as were the adjuvants Alhydrogel and a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE. 27039212 4 26 theme Toll-like 659:667 arg1 TLR4 681:684 TLR4 681:684 TLR4 681:684 A range of hapten epitope densities were compared, as were the adjuvants Alhydrogel and a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE. 27039212 7 27 theme clinical 1163:1170 arg1 agonists 1177:1184 some other clinical TLR4 agonists 1152:1184 some other clinical TLR4 agonists 1152:1184 GLA-SE has been used in human studies of vaccines for influenza among others and like some other clinical TLR4 agonists, it is safe and elicits a strong immune response. 27039212 3 28 with mice 494:497 arg1 goal 508:511 the goal 504:511 the goal of generating significantly higher antibody levels 504:562 The current studies aimed to optimize the composition, adjuvant and route of administration of a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine, ICKLH-SMO9, in mice with the goal of generating significantly higher antibody levels. 27039212 9 29 theme vaccine 1423:1429 arg1 studies 1381:1387 Clinical studies 1372:1387 Clinical studies of the ICKLH-SMO9 methamphetamine vaccine adjuvanted with GLA-SE 1372:1452 Clinical studies of the ICKLH-SMO9 methamphetamine vaccine adjuvanted with GLA-SE have the potential for demonstrating efficacy by generating much higher levels of antibody than substance abuse vaccines that have unsuccessfully used aluminum-based adjuvants. 27039212 6 30 dep immunization 933:944 arg1 response 921:928 response 921:928 response 921:928 Glucopyranosyl lipid A in a stable oil-in-water emulsion (GLA-SE) produced much higher levels of antibody in response to immunization compared with Alhydrogel; immunization with GLA-SE also produced antibodies with higher affinities for methamphetamine. 27039212 3 31 theme administration 424:437 arg1 composition 389:399 the composition 385:399 the composition 385:399 The current studies aimed to optimize the composition, adjuvant and route of administration of a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine, ICKLH-SMO9, in mice with the goal of generating significantly higher antibody levels. 27039212 3 31 theme administration 424:437 arg1 route 415:419 route 415:419 route 415:419 The current studies aimed to optimize the composition, adjuvant and route of administration of a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine, ICKLH-SMO9, in mice with the goal of generating significantly higher antibody levels. 27039212 0 32 theme methamphetamine 18:32 arg1 vaccine 44:50 a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine 16:50 a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine 16:50 Optimization of a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine for antibody production in mice. 27039212 3 33 theme vaccine 470:476 arg1 administration 424:437 administration 424:437 administration of a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine, ICKLH-SMO9, 424:489 The current studies aimed to optimize the composition, adjuvant and route of administration of a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine, ICKLH-SMO9, in mice with the goal of generating significantly higher antibody levels. 27039212 6 34 theme oil-in-water 847:858 arg1 GLA-SE 870:875 GLA-SE 870:875 GLA-SE 870:875 Glucopyranosyl lipid A in a stable oil-in-water emulsion (GLA-SE) produced much higher levels of antibody in response to immunization compared with Alhydrogel; immunization with GLA-SE also produced antibodies with higher affinities for methamphetamine. 27039212 6 34 theme oil-in-water 847:858 arg1 emulsion 860:867 a stable oil-in-water emulsion 838:867 a stable oil-in-water emulsion (GLA-SE) 838:876 Glucopyranosyl lipid A in a stable oil-in-water emulsion (GLA-SE) produced much higher levels of antibody in response to immunization compared with Alhydrogel; immunization with GLA-SE also produced antibodies with higher affinities for methamphetamine. 27039212 9 35 theme aluminum-based 1605:1618 arg1 adjuvants 1620:1628 aluminum-based adjuvants 1605:1628 aluminum-based adjuvants 1605:1628 Clinical studies of the ICKLH-SMO9 methamphetamine vaccine adjuvanted with GLA-SE have the potential for demonstrating efficacy by generating much higher levels of antibody than substance abuse vaccines that have unsuccessfully used aluminum-based adjuvants. 27039212 0 36 theme vaccine 44:50 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine for antibody production in mice 0:82 Optimization of a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine for antibody production in mice. 27039212 6 37 theme higher 1027:1032 arg1 affinities 1034:1043 higher affinities 1027:1043 higher affinities for methamphetamine 1027:1063 Glucopyranosyl lipid A in a stable oil-in-water emulsion (GLA-SE) produced much higher levels of antibody in response to immunization compared with Alhydrogel; immunization with GLA-SE also produced antibodies with higher affinities for methamphetamine. 27039212 4 38 theme new 655:657 arg1 adjuvants 628:636 the adjuvants Alhydrogel and a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE 624:707 the adjuvants Alhydrogel and a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE 624:707 A range of hapten epitope densities were compared, as were the adjuvants Alhydrogel and a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE. 27039212 4 38 theme new 655:657 arg1 agonist 687:693 a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist 653:693 a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE 653:707 A range of hapten epitope densities were compared, as were the adjuvants Alhydrogel and a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE. 27039212 3 39 theme methamphetamine 444:458 arg1 ICKLH-SMO9 479:488 ICKLH-SMO9 479:488 ICKLH-SMO9 479:488 The current studies aimed to optimize the composition, adjuvant and route of administration of a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine, ICKLH-SMO9, in mice with the goal of generating significantly higher antibody levels. 27039212 3 39 theme methamphetamine 444:458 arg1 vaccine 470:476 a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine 442:476 a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine 442:476 The current studies aimed to optimize the composition, adjuvant and route of administration of a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine, ICKLH-SMO9, in mice with the goal of generating significantly higher antibody levels. 27039212 0 40 theme conjugate 34:42 arg1 vaccine 44:50 a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine 16:50 a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine 16:50 Optimization of a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine for antibody production in mice. 27039212 2 41 theme Active 174:179 arg1 vaccines 181:188 Active vaccines 174:188 Active vaccines for treating abuse of nicotine and cocaine 174:231 Active vaccines for treating abuse of nicotine and cocaine are in clinical studies, but have not proven effective seemingly due to inadequate anti-drug antibody production. 27039212 4 42 dep adjuvants 628:636 arg1 adjuvants 628:636 the adjuvants Alhydrogel and a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE 624:707 the adjuvants Alhydrogel and a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE 624:707 A range of hapten epitope densities were compared, as were the adjuvants Alhydrogel and a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE. 27039212 4 42 dep adjuvants 628:636 arg1 agonist 687:693 a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist 653:693 a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE 653:707 A range of hapten epitope densities were compared, as were the adjuvants Alhydrogel and a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE. 27039212 4 42 dep adjuvants 628:636 arg1 were 619:622 were 619:622 were 619:622 A range of hapten epitope densities were compared, as were the adjuvants Alhydrogel and a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE. 27039212 4 42 dep adjuvants 628:636 arg1 Alhydrogel 638:647 Alhydrogel 638:647 Alhydrogel 638:647 A range of hapten epitope densities were compared, as were the adjuvants Alhydrogel and a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE. 27039212 4 42 dep adjuvants 628:636 arg1 as 616:617 as 616:617 as 616:617 A range of hapten epitope densities were compared, as were the adjuvants Alhydrogel and a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE. 27039212 9 43 theme ICKLH-SMO9 1396:1405 arg1 vaccine 1423:1429 the ICKLH-SMO9 methamphetamine vaccine 1392:1429 the ICKLH-SMO9 methamphetamine vaccine adjuvanted with GLA-SE 1392:1452 Clinical studies of the ICKLH-SMO9 methamphetamine vaccine adjuvanted with GLA-SE have the potential for demonstrating efficacy by generating much higher levels of antibody than substance abuse vaccines that have unsuccessfully used aluminum-based adjuvants. 27039212 3 44 theme conjugate 460:468 arg1 ICKLH-SMO9 479:488 ICKLH-SMO9 479:488 ICKLH-SMO9 479:488 The current studies aimed to optimize the composition, adjuvant and route of administration of a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine, ICKLH-SMO9, in mice with the goal of generating significantly higher antibody levels. 27039212 3 44 theme conjugate 460:468 arg1 vaccine 470:476 a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine 442:476 a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine 442:476 The current studies aimed to optimize the composition, adjuvant and route of administration of a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine, ICKLH-SMO9, in mice with the goal of generating significantly higher antibody levels. 27039212 0 45 theme antibody 56:63 arg1 production 65:74 antibody production 56:74 antibody production in mice 56:82 Optimization of a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine for antibody production in mice. 27039212 0 46 from production 65:74 arg1 mice 79:82 mice 79:82 mice 79:82 Optimization of a methamphetamine conjugate vaccine for antibody production in mice. 27039212 2 47 theme cocaine 225:231 arg1 abuse 203:207 abuse 203:207 abuse of nicotine and cocaine 203:231 Active vaccines for treating abuse of nicotine and cocaine are in clinical studies, but have not proven effective seemingly due to inadequate anti-drug antibody production. 27039212 1 48 theme approved 104:111 arg1 medications 113:123 no approved medications 101:123 no approved medications for treating patients who abuse methamphetamine 101:171 There are still no approved medications for treating patients who abuse methamphetamine. 27039212 9 49 theme higher 1519:1524 arg1 levels 1526:1531 much higher levels 1514:1531 much higher levels of antibody than substance abuse vaccines that have unsuccessfully used aluminum-based adjuvants 1514:1628 Clinical studies of the ICKLH-SMO9 methamphetamine vaccine adjuvanted with GLA-SE have the potential for demonstrating efficacy by generating much higher levels of antibody than substance abuse vaccines that have unsuccessfully used aluminum-based adjuvants. 27039212 6 50 theme antibody 909:916 arg1 levels 899:904 much higher levels 887:904 much higher levels of antibody 887:916 Glucopyranosyl lipid A in a stable oil-in-water emulsion (GLA-SE) produced much higher levels of antibody in response to immunization compared with Alhydrogel; immunization with GLA-SE also produced antibodies with higher affinities for methamphetamine. 27039212 2 51 theme nicotine 212:219 arg1 abuse 203:207 abuse 203:207 abuse of nicotine and cocaine 203:231 Active vaccines for treating abuse of nicotine and cocaine are in clinical studies, but have not proven effective seemingly due to inadequate anti-drug antibody production. 27039212 6 52 with immunization 972:983 arg1 GLA-SE 990:995 GLA-SE 990:995 GLA-SE 990:995 Glucopyranosyl lipid A in a stable oil-in-water emulsion (GLA-SE) produced much higher levels of antibody in response to immunization compared with Alhydrogel; immunization with GLA-SE also produced antibodies with higher affinities for methamphetamine. 27039212 6 53 from A 833:833 arg1 GLA-SE 870:875 GLA-SE 870:875 GLA-SE 870:875 Glucopyranosyl lipid A in a stable oil-in-water emulsion (GLA-SE) produced much higher levels of antibody in response to immunization compared with Alhydrogel; immunization with GLA-SE also produced antibodies with higher affinities for methamphetamine. 27039212 6 53 from A 833:833 arg1 emulsion 860:867 a stable oil-in-water emulsion 838:867 a stable oil-in-water emulsion (GLA-SE) 838:876 Glucopyranosyl lipid A in a stable oil-in-water emulsion (GLA-SE) produced much higher levels of antibody in response to immunization compared with Alhydrogel; immunization with GLA-SE also produced antibodies with higher affinities for methamphetamine. 27039212 6 54 theme lipid 827:831 arg1 A 833:833 Glucopyranosyl lipid A 812:833 Glucopyranosyl lipid A in a stable oil-in-water emulsion (GLA-SE) 812:876 Glucopyranosyl lipid A in a stable oil-in-water emulsion (GLA-SE) produced much higher levels of antibody in response to immunization compared with Alhydrogel; immunization with GLA-SE also produced antibodies with higher affinities for methamphetamine. 27039212 2 55 theme antibody 326:333 arg1 production 335:344 inadequate anti-drug antibody production 305:344 inadequate anti-drug antibody production 305:344 Active vaccines for treating abuse of nicotine and cocaine are in clinical studies, but have not proven effective seemingly due to inadequate anti-drug antibody production. 27039212 8 56 from effective 1338:1346 arg1 studies 1363:1369 these mouse studies 1351:1369 these mouse studies 1351:1369 GLA-SE adjuvanted vaccines are typically administered by intramuscular injection and this also proved effective in these mouse studies. 27039212 9 57 theme Clinical 1372:1379 arg1 studies 1381:1387 Clinical studies 1372:1387 Clinical studies of the ICKLH-SMO9 methamphetamine vaccine adjuvanted with GLA-SE 1372:1452 Clinical studies of the ICKLH-SMO9 methamphetamine vaccine adjuvanted with GLA-SE have the potential for demonstrating efficacy by generating much higher levels of antibody than substance abuse vaccines that have unsuccessfully used aluminum-based adjuvants. 27039212 6 58 theme Glucopyranosyl 812:825 arg1 A 833:833 Glucopyranosyl lipid A 812:833 Glucopyranosyl lipid A in a stable oil-in-water emulsion (GLA-SE) 812:876 Glucopyranosyl lipid A in a stable oil-in-water emulsion (GLA-SE) produced much higher levels of antibody in response to immunization compared with Alhydrogel; immunization with GLA-SE also produced antibodies with higher affinities for methamphetamine. 27039212 9 59 theme substance 1550:1558 arg1 abuse 1560:1564 substance abuse 1550:1564 substance abuse vaccines that have unsuccessfully used aluminum-based adjuvants 1550:1628 Clinical studies of the ICKLH-SMO9 methamphetamine vaccine adjuvanted with GLA-SE have the potential for demonstrating efficacy by generating much higher levels of antibody than substance abuse vaccines that have unsuccessfully used aluminum-based adjuvants. 27039212 2 60 theme anti-drug 316:324 arg1 production 335:344 inadequate anti-drug antibody production 305:344 inadequate anti-drug antibody production 305:344 Active vaccines for treating abuse of nicotine and cocaine are in clinical studies, but have not proven effective seemingly due to inadequate anti-drug antibody production. 27039212 6 61 theme stable 840:845 arg1 GLA-SE 870:875 GLA-SE 870:875 GLA-SE 870:875 Glucopyranosyl lipid A in a stable oil-in-water emulsion (GLA-SE) produced much higher levels of antibody in response to immunization compared with Alhydrogel; immunization with GLA-SE also produced antibodies with higher affinities for methamphetamine. 27039212 6 61 theme stable 840:845 arg1 emulsion 860:867 a stable oil-in-water emulsion 838:867 a stable oil-in-water emulsion (GLA-SE) 838:876 Glucopyranosyl lipid A in a stable oil-in-water emulsion (GLA-SE) produced much higher levels of antibody in response to immunization compared with Alhydrogel; immunization with GLA-SE also produced antibodies with higher affinities for methamphetamine. 27039212 8 62 theme adjuvanted 1243:1252 arg1 vaccines 1254:1261 GLA-SE adjuvanted vaccines 1236:1261 GLA-SE adjuvanted vaccines 1236:1261 GLA-SE adjuvanted vaccines are typically administered by intramuscular injection and this also proved effective in these mouse studies. 27039212 8 63 theme GLA-SE 1236:1241 arg1 vaccines 1254:1261 GLA-SE adjuvanted vaccines 1236:1261 GLA-SE adjuvanted vaccines 1236:1261 GLA-SE adjuvanted vaccines are typically administered by intramuscular injection and this also proved effective in these mouse studies. 27039212 7 64 theme immune 1219:1224 arg1 response 1226:1233 a strong immune response 1210:1233 a strong immune response 1210:1233 GLA-SE has been used in human studies of vaccines for influenza among others and like some other clinical TLR4 agonists, it is safe and elicits a strong immune response. 27039212 5 65 theme antibody 775:782 arg1 response 784:791 the antibody response 771:791 the antibody response 771:791 While methamphetamine hapten density did not strongly affect the antibody response, the adjuvant did. 27039212 2 66 theme clinical 240:247 arg1 studies 249:255 clinical studies 240:255 clinical studies 240:255 Active vaccines for treating abuse of nicotine and cocaine are in clinical studies, but have not proven effective seemingly due to inadequate anti-drug antibody production. 27039212 4 67 theme receptor 669:676 arg1 adjuvants 628:636 the adjuvants Alhydrogel and a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE 624:707 the adjuvants Alhydrogel and a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE 624:707 A range of hapten epitope densities were compared, as were the adjuvants Alhydrogel and a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE. 27039212 4 67 theme receptor 669:676 arg1 agonist 687:693 a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist 653:693 a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE 653:707 A range of hapten epitope densities were compared, as were the adjuvants Alhydrogel and a new Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist called GLA-SE. 24518200 5 0 theme osteoblast 804:813 arg1 activities 815:824 The osteoblast activities 800:824 The osteoblast activities on all scaffolds 800:841 The osteoblast activities on all scaffolds were assessed by cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition in vitro. 24518200 1 1 theme bone 328:331 arg1 BMP-2 356:360 BMP-2 356:360 BMP-2 356:360 The aim of this study was to develop novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds with a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate for controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) to enhance osteoblast activity in vitro and also bone formation in vivo. 24518200 1 1 theme bone 328:331 arg1 protein-2 345:353 bone morphogenic protein-2 328:353 bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) 328:361 The aim of this study was to develop novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds with a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate for controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) to enhance osteoblast activity in vitro and also bone formation in vivo. 24518200 0 2 theme solid 56:60 arg1 freeform 62:69 solid freeform 56:69 solid freeform 56:69 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of bone formation using solid freeform fabrication-based bone morphogenic protein-2 releasing PCL/PLGA scaffolds. 24518200 1 3 theme morphogenic 333:343 arg1 BMP-2 356:360 BMP-2 356:360 BMP-2 356:360 The aim of this study was to develop novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds with a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate for controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) to enhance osteoblast activity in vitro and also bone formation in vivo. 24518200 1 3 theme morphogenic 333:343 arg1 protein-2 345:353 bone morphogenic protein-2 328:353 bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) 328:361 The aim of this study was to develop novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds with a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate for controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) to enhance osteoblast activity in vitro and also bone formation in vivo. 24518200 8 4 dep in 1304:1305 arg1 vitro 1307:1311 vitro 1307:1311 vitro 1307:1311 The in vitro results showed that osteoblast-like cells (MG-63 cells) grown on BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA had significantly enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposition compared with those on BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA. 24518200 8 5 theme enhanced 1420:1427 arg1 activity 1433:1440 significantly enhanced ALP activity 1406:1440 significantly enhanced ALP activity 1406:1440 The in vitro results showed that osteoblast-like cells (MG-63 cells) grown on BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA had significantly enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposition compared with those on BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA. 24518200 7 6 contain had 1175:1177 arg1 Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA 1157:1173 Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA 1157:1173 Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA 1157:1173 Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA had more controlled release of BMP-2, which was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, compared with Hep/PCL/PLGA. 24518200 7 6 contain had 1175:1177 arg2 release 1195:1201 more controlled release 1179:1201 more controlled release 1179:1201 Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA had more controlled release of BMP-2, which was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, compared with Hep/PCL/PLGA. 24518200 2 7 theme fabrication 489:499 arg1 method 501:506 a solid freeform fabrication method 472:506 a solid freeform fabrication method 472:506 PCL/PLGA scaffolds were prepared by a solid freeform fabrication method. 24518200 0 8 theme bone 89:92 arg1 protein-2 106:114 bone morphogenic protein-2 89:114 bone morphogenic protein-2 releasing PCL/PLGA scaffolds 89:143 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of bone formation using solid freeform fabrication-based bone morphogenic protein-2 releasing PCL/PLGA scaffolds. 24518200 1 9 theme protein-2 345:353 arg1 release 317:323 controlled release 306:323 controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) 306:361 The aim of this study was to develop novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds with a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate for controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) to enhance osteoblast activity in vitro and also bone formation in vivo. 24518200 6 10 from implantation 1104:1115 arg1 defect 1149:1154 a rat femur defect 1137:1154 a rat femur defect 1137:1154 To demonstrate bone formation in vivo, plain radiograph, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) evaluation and histological studies were performed after the implantation of all scaffolds on a rat femur defect. 24518200 9 11 theme implanted 1623:1631 arg1 BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA 1633:1655 the implanted BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA 1619:1655 the implanted BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA on rat femur 1619:1668 In addition, the plain radiograph, micro-CT evaluation and histological studies demonstrated that the implanted BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA on rat femur had more bone formation than BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA in vivo. 24518200 9 12 theme bone 1679:1682 arg1 formation 1684:1692 more bone formation 1674:1692 more bone formation 1674:1692 In addition, the plain radiograph, micro-CT evaluation and histological studies demonstrated that the implanted BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA on rat femur had more bone formation than BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA in vivo. 24518200 7 13 theme immunosorbent 1251:1263 arg1 assay 1265:1269 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1237:1269 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1237:1269 Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA had more controlled release of BMP-2, which was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, compared with Hep/PCL/PLGA. 24518200 6 14 from defect 1149:1154 arg1 implantation 1104:1115 the implantation 1100:1115 the implantation of all scaffolds on a rat femur defect 1100:1154 To demonstrate bone formation in vivo, plain radiograph, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) evaluation and histological studies were performed after the implantation of all scaffolds on a rat femur defect. 24518200 6 15 from scaffolds 1124:1132 arg1 defect 1149:1154 a rat femur defect 1137:1154 a rat femur defect 1137:1154 To demonstrate bone formation in vivo, plain radiograph, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) evaluation and histological studies were performed after the implantation of all scaffolds on a rat femur defect. 24518200 9 16 theme histological 1580:1591 arg1 studies 1593:1599 histological studies 1580:1599 histological studies 1580:1599 In addition, the plain radiograph, micro-CT evaluation and histological studies demonstrated that the implanted BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA on rat femur had more bone formation than BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA in vivo. 24518200 9 17 contain had 1670:1672 arg2 formation 1684:1692 more bone formation 1674:1692 more bone formation 1674:1692 In addition, the plain radiograph, micro-CT evaluation and histological studies demonstrated that the implanted BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA on rat femur had more bone formation than BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA in vivo. 24518200 9 17 contain had 1670:1672 arg1 BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA 1633:1655 the implanted BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA 1619:1655 the implanted BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA on rat femur 1619:1668 In addition, the plain radiograph, micro-CT evaluation and histological studies demonstrated that the implanted BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA on rat femur had more bone formation than BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA in vivo. 24518200 9 18 theme micro-CT 1556:1563 arg1 evaluation 1565:1574 micro-CT evaluation 1556:1574 micro-CT evaluation 1556:1574 In addition, the plain radiograph, micro-CT evaluation and histological studies demonstrated that the implanted BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA on rat femur had more bone formation than BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA in vivo. 24518200 5 19 theme alkaline 880:887 arg1 phosphatase 889:899 alkaline phosphatase 880:899 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 880:914 The osteoblast activities on all scaffolds were assessed by cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition in vitro. 24518200 5 19 theme alkaline 880:887 arg1 ALP 902:904 ALP 902:904 ALP 902:904 The osteoblast activities on all scaffolds were assessed by cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition in vitro. 24518200 3 20 theme PCL/PLGA 513:520 arg1 scaffolds 522:530 The PCL/PLGA scaffolds 509:530 The PCL/PLGA scaffolds 509:530 The PCL/PLGA scaffolds were functionalized with Hep-DOPA and then BMP-2 was sequentially coated onto the Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA scaffolds. 24518200 1 21 theme study 162:166 arg1 aim 150:152 The aim 146:152 The aim of this study 146:166 The aim of this study was to develop novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds with a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate for controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) to enhance osteoblast activity in vitro and also bone formation in vivo. 24518200 0 22 theme morphogenic 94:104 arg1 protein-2 106:114 bone morphogenic protein-2 89:114 bone morphogenic protein-2 releasing PCL/PLGA scaffolds 89:143 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of bone formation using solid freeform fabrication-based bone morphogenic protein-2 releasing PCL/PLGA scaffolds. 24518200 9 23 theme rat 1660:1662 arg1 femur 1664:1668 rat femur 1660:1668 rat femur 1660:1668 In addition, the plain radiograph, micro-CT evaluation and histological studies demonstrated that the implanted BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA on rat femur had more bone formation than BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA in vivo. 24518200 6 24 dep tomography 1021:1030 arg1 evaluation 1043:1052 evaluation 1043:1052 micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) evaluation 1006:1052 To demonstrate bone formation in vivo, plain radiograph, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) evaluation and histological studies were performed after the implantation of all scaffolds on a rat femur defect. 24518200 4 25 theme surface 668:674 arg1 composition 686:696 surface elemental composition 668:696 surface elemental composition 668:696 The characterization and surface elemental composition of all scaffolds were evaluated by scanning electron microscope and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 24518200 6 26 theme scaffolds 1124:1132 arg1 implantation 1104:1115 the implantation 1100:1115 the implantation of all scaffolds on a rat femur defect 1100:1154 To demonstrate bone formation in vivo, plain radiograph, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) evaluation and histological studies were performed after the implantation of all scaffolds on a rat femur defect. 24518200 6 27 theme micro-computed 1006:1019 arg1 micro-CT 1033:1040 micro-CT 1033:1040 micro-CT 1033:1040 To demonstrate bone formation in vivo, plain radiograph, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) evaluation and histological studies were performed after the implantation of all scaffolds on a rat femur defect. 24518200 6 27 theme micro-computed 1006:1019 arg1 tomography 1021:1030 micro-computed tomography 1006:1030 micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) evaluation 1006:1052 To demonstrate bone formation in vivo, plain radiograph, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) evaluation and histological studies were performed after the implantation of all scaffolds on a rat femur defect. 24518200 4 28 theme x-ray 766:770 arg1 spectroscopy 786:797 x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 766:797 x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 766:797 The characterization and surface elemental composition of all scaffolds were evaluated by scanning electron microscope and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 24518200 8 29 theme in 1304:1305 arg1 results 1313:1319 The in vitro results 1300:1319 The in vitro results 1300:1319 The in vitro results showed that osteoblast-like cells (MG-63 cells) grown on BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA had significantly enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposition compared with those on BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA. 24518200 0 30 theme In 0:1 arg1 evaluation 21:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation 0:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of bone formation using solid freeform 0:69 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of bone formation using solid freeform fabrication-based bone morphogenic protein-2 releasing PCL/PLGA scaffolds. 24518200 1 31 theme heparin-dopamine 264:279 arg1 conjugate 292:300 a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate 262:300 a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate 262:300 The aim of this study was to develop novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds with a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate for controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) to enhance osteoblast activity in vitro and also bone formation in vivo. 24518200 8 32 theme ALP 1429:1431 arg1 activity 1433:1440 significantly enhanced ALP activity 1406:1440 significantly enhanced ALP activity 1406:1440 The in vitro results showed that osteoblast-like cells (MG-63 cells) grown on BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA had significantly enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposition compared with those on BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA. 24518200 9 33 from BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA 1633:1655 arg1 femur 1664:1668 rat femur 1660:1668 rat femur 1660:1668 In addition, the plain radiograph, micro-CT evaluation and histological studies demonstrated that the implanted BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA on rat femur had more bone formation than BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA in vivo. 24518200 0 34 theme in 13:14 arg1 evaluation 21:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation 0:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of bone formation using solid freeform 0:69 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of bone formation using solid freeform fabrication-based bone morphogenic protein-2 releasing PCL/PLGA scaffolds. 24518200 0 35 theme PCL/PLGA 126:133 arg1 scaffolds 135:143 PCL/PLGA scaffolds 126:143 PCL/PLGA scaffolds 126:143 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of bone formation using solid freeform fabrication-based bone morphogenic protein-2 releasing PCL/PLGA scaffolds. 24518200 8 36 theme calcium 1446:1452 arg1 deposition 1454:1463 calcium deposition 1446:1463 calcium deposition 1446:1463 The in vitro results showed that osteoblast-like cells (MG-63 cells) grown on BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA had significantly enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposition compared with those on BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA. 24518200 1 37 theme novel 183:187 arg1 polycaprolactone/poly 189:209 novel polycaprolactone/poly 183:209 novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds with a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate for controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) 183:361 The aim of this study was to develop novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds with a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate for controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) to enhance osteoblast activity in vitro and also bone formation in vivo. 24518200 1 37 theme novel 183:187 arg1 acid 230:233 lactic-co-glycolic acid 211:233 lactic-co-glycolic acid 211:233 The aim of this study was to develop novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds with a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate for controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) to enhance osteoblast activity in vitro and also bone formation in vivo. 24518200 1 37 theme novel 183:187 arg1 PCL/PLGA 237:244 PCL/PLGA 237:244 PCL/PLGA 237:244 The aim of this study was to develop novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds with a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate for controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) to enhance osteoblast activity in vitro and also bone formation in vivo. 24518200 1 38 theme Hep-DOPA 282:289 arg1 conjugate 292:300 a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate 262:300 a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate 262:300 The aim of this study was to develop novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds with a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate for controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) to enhance osteoblast activity in vitro and also bone formation in vivo. 24518200 7 39 link enzyme-linked 1237:1249 arg1 assay 1265:1269 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1237:1269 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1237:1269 Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA had more controlled release of BMP-2, which was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, compared with Hep/PCL/PLGA. 24518200 4 40 theme photoelectron 772:784 arg1 spectroscopy 786:797 x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 766:797 x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 766:797 The characterization and surface elemental composition of all scaffolds were evaluated by scanning electron microscope and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 24518200 1 41 theme polycaprolactone/poly 189:209 arg1 scaffolds 247:255 novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds 183:255 novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds with a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate for controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) 183:361 The aim of this study was to develop novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds with a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate for controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) to enhance osteoblast activity in vitro and also bone formation in vivo. 24518200 7 42 theme enzyme-linked 1237:1249 arg1 assay 1265:1269 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1237:1269 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1237:1269 Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA had more controlled release of BMP-2, which was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, compared with Hep/PCL/PLGA. 24518200 6 43 theme plain 988:992 arg1 radiograph 994:1003 plain radiograph 988:1003 plain radiograph 988:1003 To demonstrate bone formation in vivo, plain radiograph, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) evaluation and histological studies were performed after the implantation of all scaffolds on a rat femur defect. 24518200 1 44 theme osteoblast 374:383 arg1 activity 385:392 osteoblast activity 374:392 osteoblast activity in vitro 374:401 The aim of this study was to develop novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds with a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate for controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) to enhance osteoblast activity in vitro and also bone formation in vivo. 24518200 5 45 theme phosphatase 889:899 arg1 activity 907:914 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 880:914 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 880:914 The osteoblast activities on all scaffolds were assessed by cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition in vitro. 24518200 4 46 theme elemental 676:684 arg1 composition 686:696 surface elemental composition 668:696 surface elemental composition 668:696 The characterization and surface elemental composition of all scaffolds were evaluated by scanning electron microscope and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 24518200 4 47 dep characterization 647:662 arg1 The 643:645 The 643:645 The 643:645 The characterization and surface elemental composition of all scaffolds were evaluated by scanning electron microscope and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 24518200 1 48 theme lactic-co-glycolic 211:228 arg1 polycaprolactone/poly 189:209 novel polycaprolactone/poly 183:209 novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds with a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate for controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) 183:361 The aim of this study was to develop novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds with a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate for controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) to enhance osteoblast activity in vitro and also bone formation in vivo. 24518200 1 48 theme lactic-co-glycolic 211:228 arg1 acid 230:233 lactic-co-glycolic acid 211:233 lactic-co-glycolic acid 211:233 The aim of this study was to develop novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds with a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate for controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) to enhance osteoblast activity in vitro and also bone formation in vivo. 24518200 0 49 theme bone 35:38 arg1 formation 40:48 bone formation 35:48 bone formation 35:48 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of bone formation using solid freeform fabrication-based bone morphogenic protein-2 releasing PCL/PLGA scaffolds. 24518200 5 50 theme calcium 920:926 arg1 deposition 928:937 calcium deposition 920:937 calcium deposition 920:937 The osteoblast activities on all scaffolds were assessed by cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition in vitro. 24518200 2 51 theme solid 474:478 arg1 method 501:506 a solid freeform fabrication method 472:506 a solid freeform fabrication method 472:506 PCL/PLGA scaffolds were prepared by a solid freeform fabrication method. 24518200 6 52 theme femur 1143:1147 arg1 defect 1149:1154 a rat femur defect 1137:1154 a rat femur defect 1137:1154 To demonstrate bone formation in vivo, plain radiograph, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) evaluation and histological studies were performed after the implantation of all scaffolds on a rat femur defect. 24518200 4 53 theme scanning 733:740 arg1 microscope 751:760 scanning electron microscope 733:760 scanning electron microscope 733:760 The characterization and surface elemental composition of all scaffolds were evaluated by scanning electron microscope and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 24518200 2 54 theme PCL/PLGA 436:443 arg1 scaffolds 445:453 PCL/PLGA scaffolds 436:453 PCL/PLGA scaffolds 436:453 PCL/PLGA scaffolds were prepared by a solid freeform fabrication method. 24518200 1 55 theme controlled 306:315 arg1 release 317:323 controlled release 306:323 controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) 306:361 The aim of this study was to develop novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds with a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate for controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) to enhance osteoblast activity in vitro and also bone formation in vivo. 24518200 8 56 contain had 1402:1404 arg2 deposition 1454:1463 calcium deposition 1446:1463 calcium deposition 1446:1463 The in vitro results showed that osteoblast-like cells (MG-63 cells) grown on BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA had significantly enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposition compared with those on BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA. 24518200 8 56 contain had 1402:1404 arg2 activity 1433:1440 significantly enhanced ALP activity 1406:1440 significantly enhanced ALP activity 1406:1440 The in vitro results showed that osteoblast-like cells (MG-63 cells) grown on BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA had significantly enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposition compared with those on BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA. 24518200 8 56 contain had 1402:1404 arg1 cells 1349:1353 osteoblast-like cells 1333:1353 osteoblast-like cells (MG-63 cells) grown on BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA 1333:1400 The in vitro results showed that osteoblast-like cells (MG-63 cells) grown on BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA had significantly enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposition compared with those on BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA. 24518200 8 56 contain had 1402:1404 arg1 cells 1362:1366 MG-63 cells 1356:1366 MG-63 cells 1356:1366 The in vitro results showed that osteoblast-like cells (MG-63 cells) grown on BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA had significantly enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposition compared with those on BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA. 24518200 5 57 theme cell 860:863 arg1 proliferation 865:877 cell proliferation 860:877 cell proliferation 860:877 The osteoblast activities on all scaffolds were assessed by cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition in vitro. 24518200 9 58 theme plain 1538:1542 arg1 radiograph 1544:1553 the plain radiograph 1534:1553 the plain radiograph 1534:1553 In addition, the plain radiograph, micro-CT evaluation and histological studies demonstrated that the implanted BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA on rat femur had more bone formation than BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA in vivo. 24518200 8 59 theme osteoblast-like 1333:1347 arg1 cells 1349:1353 osteoblast-like cells 1333:1353 osteoblast-like cells (MG-63 cells) grown on BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA 1333:1400 The in vitro results showed that osteoblast-like cells (MG-63 cells) grown on BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA had significantly enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposition compared with those on BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA. 24518200 8 59 theme osteoblast-like 1333:1347 arg1 cells 1362:1366 MG-63 cells 1356:1366 MG-63 cells 1356:1366 The in vitro results showed that osteoblast-like cells (MG-63 cells) grown on BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA had significantly enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposition compared with those on BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA. 24518200 7 60 theme BMP-2 1206:1210 arg1 release 1195:1201 more controlled release 1179:1201 more controlled release 1179:1201 Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA had more controlled release of BMP-2, which was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, compared with Hep/PCL/PLGA. 24518200 7 61 theme controlled 1184:1193 arg1 release 1195:1201 more controlled release 1179:1201 more controlled release 1179:1201 Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA had more controlled release of BMP-2, which was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, compared with Hep/PCL/PLGA. 24518200 3 62 theme Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA 614:630 arg1 scaffolds 632:640 the Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA scaffolds 610:640 the Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA scaffolds 610:640 The PCL/PLGA scaffolds were functionalized with Hep-DOPA and then BMP-2 was sequentially coated onto the Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA scaffolds. 24518200 0 63 dep in 13:14 arg1 vivo 16:19 vivo 16:19 vivo 16:19 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of bone formation using solid freeform fabrication-based bone morphogenic protein-2 releasing PCL/PLGA scaffolds. 24518200 1 64 with scaffolds 247:255 arg1 conjugate 292:300 a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate 262:300 a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate 262:300 The aim of this study was to develop novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds with a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate for controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) to enhance osteoblast activity in vitro and also bone formation in vivo. 24518200 8 65 theme MG-63 1356:1360 arg1 cells 1349:1353 osteoblast-like cells 1333:1353 osteoblast-like cells (MG-63 cells) grown on BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA 1333:1400 The in vitro results showed that osteoblast-like cells (MG-63 cells) grown on BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA had significantly enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposition compared with those on BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA. 24518200 8 65 theme MG-63 1356:1360 arg1 cells 1362:1366 MG-63 cells 1356:1366 MG-63 cells 1356:1366 The in vitro results showed that osteoblast-like cells (MG-63 cells) grown on BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA had significantly enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposition compared with those on BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA. 24518200 9 66 theme more 1674:1677 arg1 formation 1684:1692 more bone formation 1674:1692 more bone formation 1674:1692 In addition, the plain radiograph, micro-CT evaluation and histological studies demonstrated that the implanted BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA on rat femur had more bone formation than BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA in vivo. 24518200 4 67 theme electron 742:749 arg1 microscope 751:760 scanning electron microscope 733:760 scanning electron microscope 733:760 The characterization and surface elemental composition of all scaffolds were evaluated by scanning electron microscope and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 24518200 6 68 theme histological 1058:1069 arg1 studies 1071:1077 histological studies 1058:1077 histological studies 1058:1077 To demonstrate bone formation in vivo, plain radiograph, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) evaluation and histological studies were performed after the implantation of all scaffolds on a rat femur defect. 24518200 2 69 theme freeform 480:487 arg1 method 501:506 a solid freeform fabrication method 472:506 a solid freeform fabrication method 472:506 PCL/PLGA scaffolds were prepared by a solid freeform fabrication method. 24518200 1 70 theme bone 412:415 arg1 formation 417:425 bone formation 412:425 bone formation 412:425 The aim of this study was to develop novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds with a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate for controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) to enhance osteoblast activity in vitro and also bone formation in vivo. 24518200 4 71 theme scaffolds 705:713 arg1 characterization 647:662 characterization 647:662 characterization 647:662 The characterization and surface elemental composition of all scaffolds were evaluated by scanning electron microscope and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 24518200 4 71 theme scaffolds 705:713 arg1 composition 686:696 surface elemental composition 668:696 surface elemental composition 668:696 The characterization and surface elemental composition of all scaffolds were evaluated by scanning electron microscope and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 24518200 5 72 from activities 815:824 arg1 scaffolds 833:841 all scaffolds 829:841 all scaffolds 829:841 The osteoblast activities on all scaffolds were assessed by cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition in vitro. 24518200 0 73 theme formation 40:48 arg1 evaluation 21:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation 0:30 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of bone formation using solid freeform 0:69 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of bone formation using solid freeform fabrication-based bone morphogenic protein-2 releasing PCL/PLGA scaffolds. 24518200 6 74 theme bone 964:967 arg1 formation 969:977 bone formation 964:977 bone formation 964:977 To demonstrate bone formation in vivo, plain radiograph, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) evaluation and histological studies were performed after the implantation of all scaffolds on a rat femur defect. 24518200 0 75 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of bone formation using solid freeform fabrication-based bone morphogenic protein-2 releasing PCL/PLGA scaffolds. 24518200 6 76 theme rat 1139:1141 arg1 defect 1149:1154 a rat femur defect 1137:1154 a rat femur defect 1137:1154 To demonstrate bone formation in vivo, plain radiograph, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) evaluation and histological studies were performed after the implantation of all scaffolds on a rat femur defect. 24229620 8 0 theme DHA 1436:1438 arg1 incorporation 1419:1431 incorporation 1419:1431 incorporation of DHA into skeletal muscle membranes 1419:1469 These results further support that incorporation of DHA into skeletal muscle membranes increases the efficiency of oxygen use over a range of contractile force and this is expressed as a higher sustained force and prolonged time to fatigue. 24229620 7 1 with concentrations 1284:1297 arg1 difference 1307:1316 no difference 1304:1316 no difference in glycogen utilisation 1304:1340 The n-3 PUFA group used less oxygen for tension developed and produced higher venous lactate concentrations with no difference in glycogen utilisation compared with the SF and n-6 PUFA groups. 24229620 7 2 theme lactate 1276:1282 arg1 concentrations 1284:1297 higher venous lactate concentrations 1262:1297 higher venous lactate concentrations with no difference in glycogen utilisation 1262:1340 The n-3 PUFA group used less oxygen for tension developed and produced higher venous lactate concentrations with no difference in glycogen utilisation compared with the SF and n-6 PUFA groups. 24229620 4 3 theme Wistar 531:536 arg1 rats 538:541 male Wistar rats 526:541 male Wistar rats 526:541 For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (SF), a diet rich in n-6 PUFA or a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil. 24229620 3 4 theme hindlimb 497:504 arg1 model 506:510 the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model 461:510 the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model 461:510 Therefore, in the present study, we tested the effects of a fish-oil diet on skeletal muscle fatigue under the stress of contraction using the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model. 24229620 7 5 theme higher 1262:1267 arg1 concentrations 1284:1297 higher venous lactate concentrations 1262:1297 higher venous lactate concentrations with no difference in glycogen utilisation 1262:1340 The n-3 PUFA group used less oxygen for tension developed and produced higher venous lactate concentrations with no difference in glycogen utilisation compared with the SF and n-6 PUFA groups. 24229620 6 6 theme twitch 1074:1079 arg1 tension 1081:1087 sustained twitch tension 1064:1087 sustained twitch tension 1064:1087 Rats fed the n-3 PUFA diet developed higher maximum twitch tension than those fed the SF and n-6 PUFA diets (P< 0·05) and sustained twitch tension through more repetitions before the tension declined to 50 % of the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05). 24229620 3 7 theme autologous 477:486 arg1 model 506:510 the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model 461:510 the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model 461:510 Therefore, in the present study, we tested the effects of a fish-oil diet on skeletal muscle fatigue under the stress of contraction using the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model. 24229620 1 8 theme fatty 151:155 arg1 composition 162:172 skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition 126:172 skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition 126:172 Dietary fish oil modifies skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition and oxygen efficiency similar to changes in the myocardium. 24229620 2 9 theme force 286:290 arg1 determinant 261:271 a key determinant 255:271 a key determinant of sustained force in mammalian skeletal muscle 255:319 Oxygen efficiency is a key determinant of sustained force in mammalian skeletal muscle. 24229620 2 9 theme force 286:290 arg1 efficiency 241:250 Oxygen efficiency 234:250 Oxygen efficiency 234:250 Oxygen efficiency is a key determinant of sustained force in mammalian skeletal muscle. 24229620 8 10 theme force 1538:1542 arg1 range 1517:1521 a range 1515:1521 a range of contractile force 1515:1542 These results further support that incorporation of DHA into skeletal muscle membranes increases the efficiency of oxygen use over a range of contractile force and this is expressed as a higher sustained force and prolonged time to fatigue. 24229620 7 11 theme n-3 1195:1197 arg1 group 1204:1208 The n-3 PUFA group 1191:1208 The n-3 PUFA group 1191:1208 The n-3 PUFA group used less oxygen for tension developed and produced higher venous lactate concentrations with no difference in glycogen utilisation compared with the SF and n-6 PUFA groups. 24229620 4 12 theme rich 559:562 arg1 diet 554:557 a diet 552:557 a diet rich in saturated fat (SF) 552:584 For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (SF), a diet rich in n-6 PUFA or a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil. 24229620 4 13 from rich 559:562 arg1 SF 582:583 SF 582:583 SF 582:583 For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (SF), a diet rich in n-6 PUFA or a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil. 24229620 4 13 from rich 559:562 arg1 fat 577:579 saturated fat 567:579 saturated fat (SF) 567:584 For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (SF), a diet rich in n-6 PUFA or a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil. 24229620 5 14 theme anaesthetised 684:696 arg1 rats 723:726 anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated rats 684:726 anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated rats 684:726 In anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated rats, with their hindlimbs perfused with arterial blood at a constant flow, the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle bundle was stimulated via sciatic nerve (2 Hz, 6-12 V, 0·05 ms) to contract repetitively for 30 min. 24229620 8 15 theme use 1506:1508 arg1 efficiency 1485:1494 the efficiency 1481:1494 the efficiency of oxygen use 1481:1508 These results further support that incorporation of DHA into skeletal muscle membranes increases the efficiency of oxygen use over a range of contractile force and this is expressed as a higher sustained force and prolonged time to fatigue. 24229620 7 16 used used 1210:1213 arg2 group 1204:1208 The n-3 PUFA group 1191:1208 The n-3 PUFA group 1191:1208 The n-3 PUFA group used less oxygen for tension developed and produced higher venous lactate concentrations with no difference in glycogen utilisation compared with the SF and n-6 PUFA groups. 24229620 1 17 theme similar 196:202 arg1 composition 162:172 skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition 126:172 skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition 126:172 Dietary fish oil modifies skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition and oxygen efficiency similar to changes in the myocardium. 24229620 4 18 theme n-6 602:604 arg1 PUFA 606:609 n-6 PUFA 602:609 n-6 PUFA 602:609 For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (SF), a diet rich in n-6 PUFA or a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil. 24229620 6 19 theme PUFA 1039:1042 arg1 diets 1044:1048 the SF and n-6 PUFA diets 1024:1048 diets 1044:1048 Rats fed the n-3 PUFA diet developed higher maximum twitch tension than those fed the SF and n-6 PUFA diets (P< 0·05) and sustained twitch tension through more repetitions before the tension declined to 50 % of the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05). 24229620 1 20 from changes 207:213 arg1 myocardium 222:231 the myocardium 218:231 the myocardium 218:231 Dietary fish oil modifies skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition and oxygen efficiency similar to changes in the myocardium. 24229620 2 21 theme Oxygen 234:239 arg1 determinant 261:271 a key determinant 255:271 a key determinant of sustained force in mammalian skeletal muscle 255:319 Oxygen efficiency is a key determinant of sustained force in mammalian skeletal muscle. 24229620 2 21 theme Oxygen 234:239 arg1 efficiency 241:250 Oxygen efficiency 234:250 Oxygen efficiency 234:250 Oxygen efficiency is a key determinant of sustained force in mammalian skeletal muscle. 24229620 8 22 theme sustained 1578:1586 arg1 force 1588:1592 a higher sustained force 1569:1592 a higher sustained force 1569:1592 These results further support that incorporation of DHA into skeletal muscle membranes increases the efficiency of oxygen use over a range of contractile force and this is expressed as a higher sustained force and prolonged time to fatigue. 24229620 8 22 theme sustained 1578:1586 arg1 this 1548:1551 this 1548:1551 this 1548:1551 These results further support that incorporation of DHA into skeletal muscle membranes increases the efficiency of oxygen use over a range of contractile force and this is expressed as a higher sustained force and prolonged time to fatigue. 24229620 1 23 theme fish 108:111 arg1 oil 113:115 Dietary fish oil 100:115 Dietary fish oil 100:115 Dietary fish oil modifies skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition and oxygen efficiency similar to changes in the myocardium. 24229620 2 24 from determinant 261:271 arg1 muscle 314:319 mammalian skeletal muscle 295:319 mammalian skeletal muscle 295:319 Oxygen efficiency is a key determinant of sustained force in mammalian skeletal muscle. 24229620 0 25 theme muscle 50:55 arg1 fatigue 57:63 skeletal muscle fatigue 41:63 skeletal muscle fatigue 41:63 Long-chain n-3 DHA reduces the extent of skeletal muscle fatigue in the rat in vivo hindlimb model. 24229620 8 26 theme skeletal 1445:1452 arg1 membranes 1461:1469 skeletal muscle membranes 1445:1469 skeletal muscle membranes 1445:1469 These results further support that incorporation of DHA into skeletal muscle membranes increases the efficiency of oxygen use over a range of contractile force and this is expressed as a higher sustained force and prolonged time to fatigue. 24229620 4 27 theme rich 594:597 arg1 diet 589:592 a diet 587:592 a diet rich in n-6 PUFA 587:609 For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (SF), a diet rich in n-6 PUFA or a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil. 24229620 3 28 from effects 369:375 arg1 fatigue 415:421 skeletal muscle fatigue 399:421 skeletal muscle fatigue 399:421 Therefore, in the present study, we tested the effects of a fish-oil diet on skeletal muscle fatigue under the stress of contraction using the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model. 24229620 1 29 theme muscle 135:140 arg1 composition 162:172 skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition 126:172 skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition 126:172 Dietary fish oil modifies skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition and oxygen efficiency similar to changes in the myocardium. 24229620 7 30 theme PUFA 1371:1374 arg1 groups 1376:1381 the SF and n-6 PUFA groups 1356:1381 groups 1376:1381 The n-3 PUFA group used less oxygen for tension developed and produced higher venous lactate concentrations with no difference in glycogen utilisation compared with the SF and n-6 PUFA groups. 24229620 0 31 theme rat 72:74 arg1 model 93:97 the rat in vivo hindlimb model 68:97 the rat in vivo hindlimb model 68:97 Long-chain n-3 DHA reduces the extent of skeletal muscle fatigue in the rat in vivo hindlimb model. 24229620 2 32 theme key 257:259 arg1 determinant 261:271 a key determinant 255:271 a key determinant of sustained force in mammalian skeletal muscle 255:319 Oxygen efficiency is a key determinant of sustained force in mammalian skeletal muscle. 24229620 2 32 theme key 257:259 arg1 efficiency 241:250 Oxygen efficiency 234:250 Oxygen efficiency 234:250 Oxygen efficiency is a key determinant of sustained force in mammalian skeletal muscle. 24229620 5 33 theme muscle 834:839 arg1 bundle 841:846 the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle bundle 799:846 the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle bundle 799:846 In anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated rats, with their hindlimbs perfused with arterial blood at a constant flow, the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle bundle was stimulated via sciatic nerve (2 Hz, 6-12 V, 0·05 ms) to contract repetitively for 30 min. 24229620 3 34 theme diet 391:394 arg1 effects 369:375 the effects 365:375 the effects of a fish-oil diet on skeletal muscle fatigue 365:421 Therefore, in the present study, we tested the effects of a fish-oil diet on skeletal muscle fatigue under the stress of contraction using the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model. 24229620 6 35 theme maximum 1157:1163 arg1 tension 1172:1178 the maximum twitch tension 1153:1178 the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05) 1153:1188 Rats fed the n-3 PUFA diet developed higher maximum twitch tension than those fed the SF and n-6 PUFA diets (P< 0·05) and sustained twitch tension through more repetitions before the tension declined to 50 % of the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05). 24229620 6 35 theme maximum 1157:1163 arg1 P< 0·05 1181:1187 P< 0·05 1181:1187 P< 0·05 1181:1187 Rats fed the n-3 PUFA diet developed higher maximum twitch tension than those fed the SF and n-6 PUFA diets (P< 0·05) and sustained twitch tension through more repetitions before the tension declined to 50 % of the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05). 24229620 0 36 theme Long-chain 0:9 arg1 DHA 15:17 Long-chain n-3 DHA 0:17 Long-chain n-3 DHA 0:17 Long-chain n-3 DHA reduces the extent of skeletal muscle fatigue in the rat in vivo hindlimb model. 24229620 3 37 theme present 340:346 arg1 study 348:352 the present study 336:352 the present study 336:352 Therefore, in the present study, we tested the effects of a fish-oil diet on skeletal muscle fatigue under the stress of contraction using the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model. 24229620 8 38 theme higher 1571:1576 arg1 force 1588:1592 a higher sustained force 1569:1592 a higher sustained force 1569:1592 These results further support that incorporation of DHA into skeletal muscle membranes increases the efficiency of oxygen use over a range of contractile force and this is expressed as a higher sustained force and prolonged time to fatigue. 24229620 8 38 theme higher 1571:1576 arg1 this 1548:1551 this 1548:1551 this 1548:1551 These results further support that incorporation of DHA into skeletal muscle membranes increases the efficiency of oxygen use over a range of contractile force and this is expressed as a higher sustained force and prolonged time to fatigue. 24229620 3 39 dep in 469:470 arg1 vivo 472:475 vivo 472:475 vivo 472:475 Therefore, in the present study, we tested the effects of a fish-oil diet on skeletal muscle fatigue under the stress of contraction using the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model. 24229620 4 40 theme fish 671:674 arg1 oil 676:678 fish oil 671:678 fish oil 671:678 For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (SF), a diet rich in n-6 PUFA or a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil. 24229620 3 41 theme skeletal 399:406 arg1 fatigue 415:421 skeletal muscle fatigue 399:421 skeletal muscle fatigue 399:421 Therefore, in the present study, we tested the effects of a fish-oil diet on skeletal muscle fatigue under the stress of contraction using the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model. 24229620 4 42 theme PUFA 649:652 arg1 DHA 654:656 long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA 629:656 long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil 629:678 For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (SF), a diet rich in n-6 PUFA or a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil. 24229620 2 43 theme skeletal 305:312 arg1 muscle 314:319 mammalian skeletal muscle 295:319 mammalian skeletal muscle 295:319 Oxygen efficiency is a key determinant of sustained force in mammalian skeletal muscle. 24229620 4 44 from PUFA 606:609 arg1 rich 594:597 rich 594:597 rich 594:597 For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (SF), a diet rich in n-6 PUFA or a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil. 24229620 6 45 theme n-3 955:957 arg1 PUFA 959:962 the n-3 PUFA 951:962 the n-3 PUFA diet 951:967 Rats fed the n-3 PUFA diet developed higher maximum twitch tension than those fed the SF and n-6 PUFA diets (P< 0·05) and sustained twitch tension through more repetitions before the tension declined to 50 % of the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05). 24229620 3 46 theme rat 465:467 arg1 model 506:510 the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model 461:510 the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model 461:510 Therefore, in the present study, we tested the effects of a fish-oil diet on skeletal muscle fatigue under the stress of contraction using the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model. 24229620 7 47 from difference 1307:1316 arg1 utilisation 1330:1340 glycogen utilisation 1321:1340 glycogen utilisation 1321:1340 The n-3 PUFA group used less oxygen for tension developed and produced higher venous lactate concentrations with no difference in glycogen utilisation compared with the SF and n-6 PUFA groups. 24229620 7 48 theme venous 1269:1274 arg1 concentrations 1284:1297 higher venous lactate concentrations 1262:1297 higher venous lactate concentrations with no difference in glycogen utilisation 1262:1340 The n-3 PUFA group used less oxygen for tension developed and produced higher venous lactate concentrations with no difference in glycogen utilisation compared with the SF and n-6 PUFA groups. 24229620 6 49 theme more 1097:1100 arg1 repetitions 1102:1112 more repetitions 1097:1112 more repetitions before the tension declined to 50 % of the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05) 1097:1188 Rats fed the n-3 PUFA diet developed higher maximum twitch tension than those fed the SF and n-6 PUFA diets (P< 0·05) and sustained twitch tension through more repetitions before the tension declined to 50 % of the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05). 24229620 3 50 theme perfused 488:495 arg1 model 506:510 the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model 461:510 the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model 461:510 Therefore, in the present study, we tested the effects of a fish-oil diet on skeletal muscle fatigue under the stress of contraction using the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model. 24229620 8 51 theme oxygen 1499:1504 arg1 use 1506:1508 oxygen use 1499:1508 oxygen use 1499:1508 These results further support that incorporation of DHA into skeletal muscle membranes increases the efficiency of oxygen use over a range of contractile force and this is expressed as a higher sustained force and prolonged time to fatigue. 24229620 4 52 theme male 526:529 arg1 rats 538:541 male Wistar rats 526:541 male Wistar rats 526:541 For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (SF), a diet rich in n-6 PUFA or a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil. 24229620 1 53 theme membrane 142:149 arg1 composition 162:172 skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition 126:172 skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition 126:172 Dietary fish oil modifies skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition and oxygen efficiency similar to changes in the myocardium. 24229620 6 54 theme sustained 1064:1072 arg1 tension 1081:1087 sustained twitch tension 1064:1087 sustained twitch tension 1064:1087 Rats fed the n-3 PUFA diet developed higher maximum twitch tension than those fed the SF and n-6 PUFA diets (P< 0·05) and sustained twitch tension through more repetitions before the tension declined to 50 % of the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05). 24229620 4 55 from fat 577:579 arg1 rich 559:562 rich 559:562 rich 559:562 For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (SF), a diet rich in n-6 PUFA or a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil. 24229620 1 56 theme acid 157:160 arg1 composition 162:172 skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition 126:172 skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition 126:172 Dietary fish oil modifies skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition and oxygen efficiency similar to changes in the myocardium. 24229620 6 57 theme twitch 994:999 arg1 tension 1001:1007 higher maximum twitch tension 979:1007 higher maximum twitch tension than those fed the SF and n-6 PUFA diets (P< 0·05) and sustained twitch tension through more repetitions before the tension declined to 50 % of the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05) 979:1188 Rats fed the n-3 PUFA diet developed higher maximum twitch tension than those fed the SF and n-6 PUFA diets (P< 0·05) and sustained twitch tension through more repetitions before the tension declined to 50 % of the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05). 24229620 2 58 theme sustained 276:284 arg1 force 286:290 sustained force 276:290 sustained force 276:290 Oxygen efficiency is a key determinant of sustained force in mammalian skeletal muscle. 24229620 8 59 theme contractile 1526:1536 arg1 force 1538:1542 contractile force 1526:1542 contractile force 1526:1542 These results further support that incorporation of DHA into skeletal muscle membranes increases the efficiency of oxygen use over a range of contractile force and this is expressed as a higher sustained force and prolonged time to fatigue. 24229620 7 60 theme PUFA 1199:1202 arg1 group 1204:1208 The n-3 PUFA group 1191:1208 The n-3 PUFA group 1191:1208 The n-3 PUFA group used less oxygen for tension developed and produced higher venous lactate concentrations with no difference in glycogen utilisation compared with the SF and n-6 PUFA groups. 24229620 5 61 dep nerve 875:879 arg1 2 Hz 882:885 2 Hz 882:885 2 Hz 882:885 In anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated rats, with their hindlimbs perfused with arterial blood at a constant flow, the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle bundle was stimulated via sciatic nerve (2 Hz, 6-12 V, 0·05 ms) to contract repetitively for 30 min. 24229620 5 61 dep nerve 875:879 arg1 0·05 ms 896:902 0·05 ms 896:902 0·05 ms 896:902 In anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated rats, with their hindlimbs perfused with arterial blood at a constant flow, the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle bundle was stimulated via sciatic nerve (2 Hz, 6-12 V, 0·05 ms) to contract repetitively for 30 min. 24229620 5 61 dep nerve 875:879 arg1 6-12 V 888:893 6-12 V 888:893 6-12 V 888:893 In anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated rats, with their hindlimbs perfused with arterial blood at a constant flow, the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle bundle was stimulated via sciatic nerve (2 Hz, 6-12 V, 0·05 ms) to contract repetitively for 30 min. 24229620 5 62 theme arterial 764:771 arg1 blood 773:777 arterial blood 764:777 arterial blood 764:777 In anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated rats, with their hindlimbs perfused with arterial blood at a constant flow, the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle bundle was stimulated via sciatic nerve (2 Hz, 6-12 V, 0·05 ms) to contract repetitively for 30 min. 24229620 1 63 theme Dietary 100:106 arg1 oil 113:115 Dietary fish oil 100:115 Dietary fish oil 100:115 Dietary fish oil modifies skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition and oxygen efficiency similar to changes in the myocardium. 24229620 6 64 theme maximum 986:992 arg1 tension 1001:1007 higher maximum twitch tension 979:1007 higher maximum twitch tension than those fed the SF and n-6 PUFA diets (P< 0·05) and sustained twitch tension through more repetitions before the tension declined to 50 % of the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05) 979:1188 Rats fed the n-3 PUFA diet developed higher maximum twitch tension than those fed the SF and n-6 PUFA diets (P< 0·05) and sustained twitch tension through more repetitions before the tension declined to 50 % of the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05). 24229620 0 65 theme fatigue 57:63 arg1 extent 31:36 the extent 27:36 the extent of skeletal muscle fatigue in the rat in vivo hindlimb model 27:97 Long-chain n-3 DHA reduces the extent of skeletal muscle fatigue in the rat in vivo hindlimb model. 24229620 4 66 from DHA 654:656 arg1 rich 621:624 rich 621:624 rich 621:624 For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (SF), a diet rich in n-6 PUFA or a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil. 24229620 8 67 theme muscle 1454:1459 arg1 membranes 1461:1469 skeletal muscle membranes 1445:1469 skeletal muscle membranes 1445:1469 These results further support that incorporation of DHA into skeletal muscle membranes increases the efficiency of oxygen use over a range of contractile force and this is expressed as a higher sustained force and prolonged time to fatigue. 24229620 6 68 theme tension 1172:1178 arg1 tension 1172:1178 the maximum twitch tension 1153:1178 the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05) 1153:1188 Rats fed the n-3 PUFA diet developed higher maximum twitch tension than those fed the SF and n-6 PUFA diets (P< 0·05) and sustained twitch tension through more repetitions before the tension declined to 50 % of the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05). 24229620 6 68 theme tension 1172:1178 arg1 % 1148:1148 50 % 1145:1148 50 % of the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05) 1145:1188 Rats fed the n-3 PUFA diet developed higher maximum twitch tension than those fed the SF and n-6 PUFA diets (P< 0·05) and sustained twitch tension through more repetitions before the tension declined to 50 % of the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05). 24229620 6 68 theme tension 1172:1178 arg1 P< 0·05 1181:1187 P< 0·05 1181:1187 P< 0·05 1181:1187 Rats fed the n-3 PUFA diet developed higher maximum twitch tension than those fed the SF and n-6 PUFA diets (P< 0·05) and sustained twitch tension through more repetitions before the tension declined to 50 % of the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05). 24229620 1 69 theme skeletal 126:133 arg1 composition 162:172 skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition 126:172 skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition 126:172 Dietary fish oil modifies skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition and oxygen efficiency similar to changes in the myocardium. 24229620 7 70 theme n-6 1367:1369 arg1 groups 1376:1381 the SF and n-6 PUFA groups 1356:1381 groups 1376:1381 The n-3 PUFA group used less oxygen for tension developed and produced higher venous lactate concentrations with no difference in glycogen utilisation compared with the SF and n-6 PUFA groups. 24229620 0 71 theme in 76:77 arg1 model 93:97 the rat in vivo hindlimb model 68:97 the rat in vivo hindlimb model 68:97 Long-chain n-3 DHA reduces the extent of skeletal muscle fatigue in the rat in vivo hindlimb model. 24229620 8 72 theme prolonged 1598:1606 arg1 time 1608:1611 prolonged time 1598:1611 prolonged time to fatigue 1598:1622 These results further support that incorporation of DHA into skeletal muscle membranes increases the efficiency of oxygen use over a range of contractile force and this is expressed as a higher sustained force and prolonged time to fatigue. 24229620 8 72 theme prolonged 1598:1606 arg1 this 1548:1551 this 1548:1551 this 1548:1551 These results further support that incorporation of DHA into skeletal muscle membranes increases the efficiency of oxygen use over a range of contractile force and this is expressed as a higher sustained force and prolonged time to fatigue. 24229620 5 73 theme gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus 803:832 arg1 bundle 841:846 the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle bundle 799:846 the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle bundle 799:846 In anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated rats, with their hindlimbs perfused with arterial blood at a constant flow, the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle bundle was stimulated via sciatic nerve (2 Hz, 6-12 V, 0·05 ms) to contract repetitively for 30 min. 24229620 6 74 theme higher 979:984 arg1 tension 1001:1007 higher maximum twitch tension 979:1007 higher maximum twitch tension than those fed the SF and n-6 PUFA diets (P< 0·05) and sustained twitch tension through more repetitions before the tension declined to 50 % of the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05) 979:1188 Rats fed the n-3 PUFA diet developed higher maximum twitch tension than those fed the SF and n-6 PUFA diets (P< 0·05) and sustained twitch tension through more repetitions before the tension declined to 50 % of the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05). 24229620 4 75 theme long-chain 629:638 arg1 DHA 654:656 long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA 629:656 long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil 629:678 For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (SF), a diet rich in n-6 PUFA or a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil. 24229620 4 76 attach derived 658:664 arg1 oil 676:678 fish oil 671:678 fish oil 671:678 For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (SF), a diet rich in n-6 PUFA or a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil. 24229620 4 76 attach derived 658:664 arg2 DHA 654:656 long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA 629:656 long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil 629:678 For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (SF), a diet rich in n-6 PUFA or a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil. 24229620 6 77 theme twitch 1165:1170 arg1 tension 1172:1178 the maximum twitch tension 1153:1178 the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05) 1153:1188 Rats fed the n-3 PUFA diet developed higher maximum twitch tension than those fed the SF and n-6 PUFA diets (P< 0·05) and sustained twitch tension through more repetitions before the tension declined to 50 % of the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05). 24229620 6 77 theme twitch 1165:1170 arg1 P< 0·05 1181:1187 P< 0·05 1181:1187 P< 0·05 1181:1187 Rats fed the n-3 PUFA diet developed higher maximum twitch tension than those fed the SF and n-6 PUFA diets (P< 0·05) and sustained twitch tension through more repetitions before the tension declined to 50 % of the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05). 24229620 1 78 theme oxygen 178:183 arg1 efficiency 185:194 oxygen efficiency 178:194 oxygen efficiency 178:194 Dietary fish oil modifies skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition and oxygen efficiency similar to changes in the myocardium. 24229620 0 79 dep in 76:77 arg1 vivo 79:82 vivo 79:82 vivo 79:82 Long-chain n-3 DHA reduces the extent of skeletal muscle fatigue in the rat in vivo hindlimb model. 24229620 0 80 from extent 31:36 arg1 model 93:97 the rat in vivo hindlimb model 68:97 the rat in vivo hindlimb model 68:97 Long-chain n-3 DHA reduces the extent of skeletal muscle fatigue in the rat in vivo hindlimb model. 24229620 4 81 theme LC 641:642 arg1 DHA 654:656 long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA 629:656 long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil 629:678 For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (SF), a diet rich in n-6 PUFA or a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil. 24229620 0 82 theme hindlimb 84:91 arg1 model 93:97 the rat in vivo hindlimb model 68:97 the rat in vivo hindlimb model 68:97 Long-chain n-3 DHA reduces the extent of skeletal muscle fatigue in the rat in vivo hindlimb model. 24229620 0 83 theme n-3 11:13 arg1 DHA 15:17 Long-chain n-3 DHA 0:17 Long-chain n-3 DHA 0:17 Long-chain n-3 DHA reduces the extent of skeletal muscle fatigue in the rat in vivo hindlimb model. 24229620 4 84 from rich 621:624 arg1 DHA 654:656 long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA 629:656 long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil 629:678 For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (SF), a diet rich in n-6 PUFA or a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil. 24229620 5 85 theme constant 784:791 arg1 flow 793:796 a constant flow 782:796 a constant flow 782:796 In anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated rats, with their hindlimbs perfused with arterial blood at a constant flow, the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle bundle was stimulated via sciatic nerve (2 Hz, 6-12 V, 0·05 ms) to contract repetitively for 30 min. 24229620 3 86 theme fish-oil 382:389 arg1 diet 391:394 a fish-oil diet 380:394 a fish-oil diet 380:394 Therefore, in the present study, we tested the effects of a fish-oil diet on skeletal muscle fatigue under the stress of contraction using the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model. 24229620 4 87 theme rich 621:624 arg1 diet 616:619 a diet 614:619 a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil 614:678 For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (SF), a diet rich in n-6 PUFA or a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil. 24229620 4 88 theme saturated 567:575 arg1 SF 582:583 SF 582:583 SF 582:583 For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (SF), a diet rich in n-6 PUFA or a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil. 24229620 4 88 theme saturated 567:575 arg1 fat 577:579 saturated fat 567:579 saturated fat (SF) 567:584 For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (SF), a diet rich in n-6 PUFA or a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil. 24229620 3 89 theme muscle 408:413 arg1 fatigue 415:421 skeletal muscle fatigue 399:421 skeletal muscle fatigue 399:421 Therefore, in the present study, we tested the effects of a fish-oil diet on skeletal muscle fatigue under the stress of contraction using the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model. 24229620 0 90 theme skeletal 41:48 arg1 fatigue 57:63 skeletal muscle fatigue 41:63 skeletal muscle fatigue 41:63 Long-chain n-3 DHA reduces the extent of skeletal muscle fatigue in the rat in vivo hindlimb model. 24229620 3 91 theme contraction 443:453 arg1 stress 433:438 the stress 429:438 the stress of contraction 429:453 Therefore, in the present study, we tested the effects of a fish-oil diet on skeletal muscle fatigue under the stress of contraction using the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model. 24229620 7 92 theme glycogen 1321:1328 arg1 utilisation 1330:1340 glycogen utilisation 1321:1340 glycogen utilisation 1321:1340 The n-3 PUFA group used less oxygen for tension developed and produced higher venous lactate concentrations with no difference in glycogen utilisation compared with the SF and n-6 PUFA groups. 24229620 6 93 theme PUFA 959:962 arg1 diet 964:967 the n-3 PUFA diet 951:967 the n-3 PUFA diet 951:967 Rats fed the n-3 PUFA diet developed higher maximum twitch tension than those fed the SF and n-6 PUFA diets (P< 0·05) and sustained twitch tension through more repetitions before the tension declined to 50 % of the maximum twitch tension (P< 0·05). 24229620 4 94 theme n-3 645:647 arg1 DHA 654:656 long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA 629:656 long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil 629:678 For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (SF), a diet rich in n-6 PUFA or a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil. 24229620 2 95 theme mammalian 295:303 arg1 muscle 314:319 mammalian skeletal muscle 295:319 mammalian skeletal muscle 295:319 Oxygen efficiency is a key determinant of sustained force in mammalian skeletal muscle. 24229620 5 96 theme sciatic 867:873 arg1 nerve 875:879 sciatic nerve 867:879 sciatic nerve (2 Hz, 6-12 V, 0·05 ms) 867:903 In anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated rats, with their hindlimbs perfused with arterial blood at a constant flow, the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle bundle was stimulated via sciatic nerve (2 Hz, 6-12 V, 0·05 ms) to contract repetitively for 30 min. 24229620 5 97 dep anaesthetised 684:696 arg1 ventilated 712:721 ventilated 712:721 ventilated 712:721 In anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated rats, with their hindlimbs perfused with arterial blood at a constant flow, the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle bundle was stimulated via sciatic nerve (2 Hz, 6-12 V, 0·05 ms) to contract repetitively for 30 min. 24229620 3 98 theme in 469:470 arg1 model 506:510 the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model 461:510 the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model 461:510 Therefore, in the present study, we tested the effects of a fish-oil diet on skeletal muscle fatigue under the stress of contraction using the rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb model. 24229620 4 99 from rich 594:597 arg1 PUFA 606:609 n-6 PUFA 602:609 n-6 PUFA 602:609 For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (SF), a diet rich in n-6 PUFA or a diet rich in long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA DHA derived from fish oil. 28024612 2 0 theme bone 643:646 arg1 engineering 655:665 bone tissue engineering 643:665 bone tissue engineering 643:665 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 7 1 with interaction 1162:1172 arg1 cells 1213:1217 human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells 1179:1217 human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs) 1179:1227 Moreover, the capability of given construct for bone regeneration has been evaluated in vitro in interaction with human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs). 28024612 7 1 with interaction 1162:1172 arg1 hBFPSCs 1220:1226 hBFPSCs 1220:1226 hBFPSCs 1220:1226 Moreover, the capability of given construct for bone regeneration has been evaluated in vitro in interaction with human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs). 28024612 3 2 theme perpendicular 750:762 arg1 canals 764:769 two perpendicular canals 746:769 two perpendicular canals 746:769 A highly porous 3-D β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds, inside of which two perpendicular canals were created, was fabricated using foam-casting technique. 28024612 7 3 theme buccal 1185:1190 arg1 cells 1213:1217 human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells 1179:1217 human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs) 1179:1227 Moreover, the capability of given construct for bone regeneration has been evaluated in vitro in interaction with human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs). 28024612 7 3 theme buccal 1185:1190 arg1 hBFPSCs 1220:1226 hBFPSCs 1220:1226 hBFPSCs 1220:1226 Moreover, the capability of given construct for bone regeneration has been evaluated in vitro in interaction with human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs). 28024612 2 4 theme degradation 541:551 arg1 rate 553:556 degradation rate 541:556 degradation rate 541:556 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 3 5 theme scaffolds 719:727 arg1 inside 730:735 inside 730:735 inside 730:735 A highly porous 3-D β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds, inside of which two perpendicular canals were created, was fabricated using foam-casting technique. 28024612 8 6 theme osteoblast 1527:1536 arg1 lineage 1538:1544 the osteoblast lineage 1523:1544 the osteoblast lineage 1523:1544 The results showed that gelatin-coated TCP scaffold with rhBMP2 delivery system not only could act as a mechanically and biologically compatible framework, but also act as an osteoinductive graft by sustained delivering of rhBMP2 in a therapeutic window for differentiation of hBFPSCs towards the osteoblast lineage. 28024612 8 7 theme gelatin-coated 1254:1267 arg1 scaffold 1273:1280 gelatin-coated TCP scaffold 1254:1280 gelatin-coated TCP scaffold with rhBMP2 delivery system 1254:1308 The results showed that gelatin-coated TCP scaffold with rhBMP2 delivery system not only could act as a mechanically and biologically compatible framework, but also act as an osteoinductive graft by sustained delivering of rhBMP2 in a therapeutic window for differentiation of hBFPSCs towards the osteoblast lineage. 28024612 8 7 theme gelatin-coated 1254:1267 arg1 graft 1420:1424 an osteoinductive graft 1402:1424 an osteoinductive graft by sustained delivering of rhBMP2 1402:1458 The results showed that gelatin-coated TCP scaffold with rhBMP2 delivery system not only could act as a mechanically and biologically compatible framework, but also act as an osteoinductive graft by sustained delivering of rhBMP2 in a therapeutic window for differentiation of hBFPSCs towards the osteoblast lineage. 28024612 8 7 theme gelatin-coated 1254:1267 arg1 framework 1375:1383 a mechanically and biologically compatible framework 1332:1383 a mechanically and biologically compatible framework 1332:1383 The results showed that gelatin-coated TCP scaffold with rhBMP2 delivery system not only could act as a mechanically and biologically compatible framework, but also act as an osteoinductive graft by sustained delivering of rhBMP2 in a therapeutic window for differentiation of hBFPSCs towards the osteoblast lineage. 28024612 8 8 theme compatible 1364:1373 arg1 scaffold 1273:1280 gelatin-coated TCP scaffold 1254:1280 gelatin-coated TCP scaffold with rhBMP2 delivery system 1254:1308 The results showed that gelatin-coated TCP scaffold with rhBMP2 delivery system not only could act as a mechanically and biologically compatible framework, but also act as an osteoinductive graft by sustained delivering of rhBMP2 in a therapeutic window for differentiation of hBFPSCs towards the osteoblast lineage. 28024612 8 8 theme compatible 1364:1373 arg1 framework 1375:1383 a mechanically and biologically compatible framework 1332:1383 a mechanically and biologically compatible framework 1332:1383 The results showed that gelatin-coated TCP scaffold with rhBMP2 delivery system not only could act as a mechanically and biologically compatible framework, but also act as an osteoinductive graft by sustained delivering of rhBMP2 in a therapeutic window for differentiation of hBFPSCs towards the osteoblast lineage. 28024612 1 9 theme sustained 298:306 arg1 release 308:314 sustained release 298:314 sustained release of growth factors 298:332 Fabrication of an ideal scaffold having proper composition, physical structure and able to have sustained release of growth factors still is challenging for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 0 10 theme morphogenetic 136:148 arg1 protein-2 150:158 bone morphogenetic protein-2 131:158 bone morphogenetic protein-2 131:158 Fabrication of a three-dimensional β-tricalcium-phosphate/gelatin containing chitosan-based nanoparticles for sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2: Implication for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 8 11 with scaffold 1273:1280 arg1 system 1303:1308 rhBMP2 delivery system 1287:1308 rhBMP2 delivery system 1287:1308 The results showed that gelatin-coated TCP scaffold with rhBMP2 delivery system not only could act as a mechanically and biologically compatible framework, but also act as an osteoinductive graft by sustained delivering of rhBMP2 in a therapeutic window for differentiation of hBFPSCs towards the osteoblast lineage. 28024612 3 12 theme 3-D 684:686 arg1 scaffolds 719:727 A highly porous 3-D β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds 668:727 A highly porous 3-D β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds 668:727 A highly porous 3-D β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds, inside of which two perpendicular canals were created, was fabricated using foam-casting technique. 28024612 8 13 theme osteoinductive 1405:1418 arg1 scaffold 1273:1280 gelatin-coated TCP scaffold 1254:1280 gelatin-coated TCP scaffold with rhBMP2 delivery system 1254:1308 The results showed that gelatin-coated TCP scaffold with rhBMP2 delivery system not only could act as a mechanically and biologically compatible framework, but also act as an osteoinductive graft by sustained delivering of rhBMP2 in a therapeutic window for differentiation of hBFPSCs towards the osteoblast lineage. 28024612 8 13 theme osteoinductive 1405:1418 arg1 graft 1420:1424 an osteoinductive graft 1402:1424 an osteoinductive graft by sustained delivering of rhBMP2 1402:1458 The results showed that gelatin-coated TCP scaffold with rhBMP2 delivery system not only could act as a mechanically and biologically compatible framework, but also act as an osteoinductive graft by sustained delivering of rhBMP2 in a therapeutic window for differentiation of hBFPSCs towards the osteoblast lineage. 28024612 6 14 theme fabricated 1027:1036 arg1 constructs 1038:1047 fabricated constructs 1027:1047 fabricated constructs 1027:1047 Physical characteristics of fabricated constructs were evaluated. 28024612 0 15 theme bone 131:134 arg1 protein-2 150:158 bone morphogenetic protein-2 131:158 bone morphogenetic protein-2 131:158 Fabrication of a three-dimensional β-tricalcium-phosphate/gelatin containing chitosan-based nanoparticles for sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2: Implication for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 2 16 with scaffold 453:460 arg1 able 573:576 able 573:576 able 573:576 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 2 16 with scaffold 453:460 arg1 porosity 559:566 porosity 559:566 porosity 559:566 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 2 16 with scaffold 453:460 arg1 strength 531:538 proper compressive strength 512:538 proper compressive strength 512:538 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 2 16 with scaffold 453:460 arg1 characteristics 485:499 suitable physical characteristics 467:499 suitable physical characteristics 467:499 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 2 16 with scaffold 453:460 arg1 rate 553:556 degradation rate 541:556 degradation rate 541:556 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 9 17 theme endothelial 1658:1668 arg1 VEGF 1685:1688 VEGF 1685:1688 VEGF 1685:1688 The proposed scaffold model can be suggested for delivering of cells and other growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alone or in combination, for future investigations. 28024612 9 17 theme endothelial 1658:1668 arg1 factor 1677:1682 vascular endothelial growth factor 1649:1682 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 1649:1689 The proposed scaffold model can be suggested for delivering of cells and other growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alone or in combination, for future investigations. 28024612 0 18 contain containing 66:75 arg2 nanoparticles 92:104 chitosan-based nanoparticles 77:104 chitosan-based nanoparticles 77:104 Fabrication of a three-dimensional β-tricalcium-phosphate/gelatin containing chitosan-based nanoparticles for sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2: Implication for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 0 18 contain containing 66:75 arg1 β-tricalcium-phosphate/gelatin 35:64 a three-dimensional β-tricalcium-phosphate/gelatin 15:64 a three-dimensional β-tricalcium-phosphate/gelatin containing chitosan-based nanoparticles for sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 15:158 Fabrication of a three-dimensional β-tricalcium-phosphate/gelatin containing chitosan-based nanoparticles for sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2: Implication for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 2 19 theme three-dimensional 429:445 arg1 scaffold 453:460 an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold 414:460 an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering 414:665 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 5 20 theme BMP2-loaded 884:894 arg1 chitosan 896:903 BMP2-loaded chitosan 884:903 BMP2-loaded chitosan (CS) nanoparticles 884:922 Next, BMP2-loaded chitosan (CS) nanoparticles were dispersed into collagen hydrogel and filled into the scaffold canals. 28024612 5 20 theme BMP2-loaded 884:894 arg1 CS 906:907 CS 906:907 CS 906:907 Next, BMP2-loaded chitosan (CS) nanoparticles were dispersed into collagen hydrogel and filled into the scaffold canals. 28024612 0 21 theme protein-2 150:158 arg1 release 120:126 sustained release 110:126 sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 110:158 Fabrication of a three-dimensional β-tricalcium-phosphate/gelatin containing chitosan-based nanoparticles for sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2: Implication for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 6 22 theme Physical 999:1006 arg1 characteristics 1008:1022 Physical characteristics 999:1022 Physical characteristics of fabricated constructs 999:1047 Physical characteristics of fabricated constructs were evaluated. 28024612 9 23 theme growth 1670:1675 arg1 VEGF 1685:1688 VEGF 1685:1688 VEGF 1685:1688 The proposed scaffold model can be suggested for delivering of cells and other growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alone or in combination, for future investigations. 28024612 9 23 theme growth 1670:1675 arg1 factor 1677:1682 vascular endothelial growth factor 1649:1682 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 1649:1689 The proposed scaffold model can be suggested for delivering of cells and other growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alone or in combination, for future investigations. 28024612 1 24 theme ideal 220:224 arg1 scaffold 226:233 an ideal scaffold 217:233 an ideal scaffold having proper composition, physical structure and able to have sustained release of growth factors 217:332 Fabrication of an ideal scaffold having proper composition, physical structure and able to have sustained release of growth factors still is challenging for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 7 25 theme given 1093:1097 arg1 construct 1099:1107 given construct 1093:1107 given construct 1093:1107 Moreover, the capability of given construct for bone regeneration has been evaluated in vitro in interaction with human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs). 28024612 1 26 theme scaffold 226:233 arg1 Fabrication 202:212 Fabrication 202:212 Fabrication of an ideal scaffold having proper composition, physical structure and able to have sustained release of growth factors 202:332 Fabrication of an ideal scaffold having proper composition, physical structure and able to have sustained release of growth factors still is challenging for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 7 27 theme construct 1099:1107 arg1 capability 1079:1088 the capability 1075:1088 the capability of given construct for bone regeneration 1075:1129 Moreover, the capability of given construct for bone regeneration has been evaluated in vitro in interaction with human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs). 28024612 1 28 theme growth 319:324 arg1 factors 326:332 growth factors 319:332 growth factors 319:332 Fabrication of an ideal scaffold having proper composition, physical structure and able to have sustained release of growth factors still is challenging for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 2 29 theme tissue 648:653 arg1 engineering 655:665 bone tissue engineering 643:665 bone tissue engineering 643:665 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 3 30 theme β-TCP 712:716 arg1 scaffolds 719:727 A highly porous 3-D β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds 668:727 A highly porous 3-D β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds 668:727 A highly porous 3-D β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds, inside of which two perpendicular canals were created, was fabricated using foam-casting technique. 28024612 2 31 theme appropriate 417:427 arg1 scaffold 453:460 an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold 414:460 an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering 414:665 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 0 32 theme three-dimensional 17:33 arg1 β-tricalcium-phosphate/gelatin 35:64 a three-dimensional β-tricalcium-phosphate/gelatin 15:64 a three-dimensional β-tricalcium-phosphate/gelatin containing chitosan-based nanoparticles for sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 15:158 Fabrication of a three-dimensional β-tricalcium-phosphate/gelatin containing chitosan-based nanoparticles for sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2: Implication for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 1 33 theme factors 326:332 arg1 release 308:314 sustained release 298:314 sustained release of growth factors 298:332 Fabrication of an ideal scaffold having proper composition, physical structure and able to have sustained release of growth factors still is challenging for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 2 34 theme bone 602:605 arg1 protein-2 621:629 bone morphogenetic protein-2 602:629 bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) 602:636 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 2 34 theme bone 602:605 arg1 BMP2 632:635 BMP2 632:635 BMP2 632:635 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 9 35 theme vascular 1649:1656 arg1 VEGF 1685:1688 VEGF 1685:1688 VEGF 1685:1688 The proposed scaffold model can be suggested for delivering of cells and other growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alone or in combination, for future investigations. 28024612 9 35 theme vascular 1649:1656 arg1 factor 1677:1682 vascular endothelial growth factor 1649:1682 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 1649:1689 The proposed scaffold model can be suggested for delivering of cells and other growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alone or in combination, for future investigations. 28024612 9 36 theme other 1620:1624 arg1 factors 1633:1639 other growth factors 1620:1639 other growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alone or in combination, for future investigations 1620:1741 The proposed scaffold model can be suggested for delivering of cells and other growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alone or in combination, for future investigations. 28024612 9 36 theme other 1620:1624 arg1 factor 1677:1682 vascular endothelial growth factor 1649:1682 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 1649:1689 The proposed scaffold model can be suggested for delivering of cells and other growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alone or in combination, for future investigations. 28024612 1 37 theme proper 242:247 arg1 composition 249:259 proper composition 242:259 proper composition 242:259 Fabrication of an ideal scaffold having proper composition, physical structure and able to have sustained release of growth factors still is challenging for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 2 38 theme physical 476:483 arg1 able 573:576 able 573:576 able 573:576 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 2 38 theme physical 476:483 arg1 porosity 559:566 porosity 559:566 porosity 559:566 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 2 38 theme physical 476:483 arg1 strength 531:538 proper compressive strength 512:538 proper compressive strength 512:538 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 2 38 theme physical 476:483 arg1 characteristics 485:499 suitable physical characteristics 467:499 suitable physical characteristics 467:499 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 2 38 theme physical 476:483 arg1 rate 553:556 degradation rate 541:556 degradation rate 541:556 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 9 39 theme future 1721:1726 arg1 investigations 1728:1741 future investigations 1721:1741 future investigations 1721:1741 The proposed scaffold model can be suggested for delivering of cells and other growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alone or in combination, for future investigations. 28024612 1 40 contain having 235:240 arg1 scaffold 226:233 an ideal scaffold 217:233 an ideal scaffold having proper composition, physical structure and able to have sustained release of growth factors 217:332 Fabrication of an ideal scaffold having proper composition, physical structure and able to have sustained release of growth factors still is challenging for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 1 40 contain having 235:240 arg2 structure 271:279 physical structure 262:279 physical structure 262:279 Fabrication of an ideal scaffold having proper composition, physical structure and able to have sustained release of growth factors still is challenging for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 1 40 contain having 235:240 arg2 composition 249:259 proper composition 242:259 proper composition 242:259 Fabrication of an ideal scaffold having proper composition, physical structure and able to have sustained release of growth factors still is challenging for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 1 40 contain having 235:240 arg2 able 285:288 able 285:288 able 285:288 Fabrication of an ideal scaffold having proper composition, physical structure and able to have sustained release of growth factors still is challenging for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 5 41 theme scaffold 982:989 arg1 canals 991:996 the scaffold canals 978:996 the scaffold canals 978:996 Next, BMP2-loaded chitosan (CS) nanoparticles were dispersed into collagen hydrogel and filled into the scaffold canals. 28024612 7 42 theme pad-derived 1196:1206 arg1 cells 1213:1217 human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells 1179:1217 human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs) 1179:1227 Moreover, the capability of given construct for bone regeneration has been evaluated in vitro in interaction with human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs). 28024612 7 42 theme pad-derived 1196:1206 arg1 hBFPSCs 1220:1226 hBFPSCs 1220:1226 hBFPSCs 1220:1226 Moreover, the capability of given construct for bone regeneration has been evaluated in vitro in interaction with human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs). 28024612 7 43 theme fat 1192:1194 arg1 cells 1213:1217 human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells 1179:1217 human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs) 1179:1227 Moreover, the capability of given construct for bone regeneration has been evaluated in vitro in interaction with human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs). 28024612 7 43 theme fat 1192:1194 arg1 hBFPSCs 1220:1226 hBFPSCs 1220:1226 hBFPSCs 1220:1226 Moreover, the capability of given construct for bone regeneration has been evaluated in vitro in interaction with human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs). 28024612 5 44 theme collagen 944:951 arg1 hydrogel 953:960 collagen hydrogel 944:960 collagen hydrogel 944:960 Next, BMP2-loaded chitosan (CS) nanoparticles were dispersed into collagen hydrogel and filled into the scaffold canals. 28024612 0 45 theme tissue 182:187 arg1 engineering 189:199 bone tissue engineering 177:199 bone tissue engineering 177:199 Fabrication of a three-dimensional β-tricalcium-phosphate/gelatin containing chitosan-based nanoparticles for sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2: Implication for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 3 46 theme β-tricalcium 688:699 arg1 scaffolds 719:727 A highly porous 3-D β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds 668:727 A highly porous 3-D β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds 668:727 A highly porous 3-D β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds, inside of which two perpendicular canals were created, was fabricated using foam-casting technique. 28024612 8 47 theme rhBMP2 1287:1292 arg1 system 1303:1308 rhBMP2 delivery system 1287:1308 rhBMP2 delivery system 1287:1308 The results showed that gelatin-coated TCP scaffold with rhBMP2 delivery system not only could act as a mechanically and biologically compatible framework, but also act as an osteoinductive graft by sustained delivering of rhBMP2 in a therapeutic window for differentiation of hBFPSCs towards the osteoblast lineage. 28024612 0 48 theme β-tricalcium-phosphate/gelatin 35:64 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication of a three-dimensional β-tricalcium-phosphate/gelatin containing chitosan-based nanoparticles for sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2: Implication for bone tissue engineering. 0:200 Fabrication of a three-dimensional β-tricalcium-phosphate/gelatin containing chitosan-based nanoparticles for sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2: Implication for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 3 49 theme foam-casting 806:817 arg1 technique 819:827 foam-casting technique 806:827 foam-casting technique 806:827 A highly porous 3-D β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds, inside of which two perpendicular canals were created, was fabricated using foam-casting technique. 28024612 0 50 theme bone 177:180 arg1 engineering 189:199 bone tissue engineering 177:199 bone tissue engineering 177:199 Fabrication of a three-dimensional β-tricalcium-phosphate/gelatin containing chitosan-based nanoparticles for sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2: Implication for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 6 51 theme constructs 1038:1047 arg1 characteristics 1008:1022 Physical characteristics 999:1022 Physical characteristics of fabricated constructs 999:1047 Physical characteristics of fabricated constructs were evaluated. 28024612 7 52 theme stem 1208:1211 arg1 cells 1213:1217 human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells 1179:1217 human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs) 1179:1227 Moreover, the capability of given construct for bone regeneration has been evaluated in vitro in interaction with human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs). 28024612 7 52 theme stem 1208:1211 arg1 hBFPSCs 1220:1226 hBFPSCs 1220:1226 hBFPSCs 1220:1226 Moreover, the capability of given construct for bone regeneration has been evaluated in vitro in interaction with human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs). 28024612 2 53 theme sustained 581:589 arg1 release 591:597 sustained release 581:597 sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) 581:636 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 1 54 theme physical 262:269 arg1 structure 271:279 physical structure 262:279 physical structure 262:279 Fabrication of an ideal scaffold having proper composition, physical structure and able to have sustained release of growth factors still is challenging for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 2 55 theme compressive 519:529 arg1 strength 531:538 proper compressive strength 512:538 proper compressive strength 512:538 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 3 56 theme porous 677:682 arg1 scaffolds 719:727 A highly porous 3-D β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds 668:727 A highly porous 3-D β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds 668:727 A highly porous 3-D β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds, inside of which two perpendicular canals were created, was fabricated using foam-casting technique. 28024612 4 57 theme gelatin 863:869 arg1 layer 871:875 gelatin layer 863:875 gelatin layer 863:875 Then, scaffolds were coated with gelatin layer. 28024612 0 58 theme chitosan-based 77:90 arg1 nanoparticles 92:104 chitosan-based nanoparticles 77:104 chitosan-based nanoparticles 77:104 Fabrication of a three-dimensional β-tricalcium-phosphate/gelatin containing chitosan-based nanoparticles for sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2: Implication for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 1 59 theme bone 359:362 arg1 engineering 371:381 bone tissue engineering 359:381 bone tissue engineering 359:381 Fabrication of an ideal scaffold having proper composition, physical structure and able to have sustained release of growth factors still is challenging for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 7 60 theme bone 1113:1116 arg1 regeneration 1118:1129 bone regeneration 1113:1129 bone regeneration 1113:1129 Moreover, the capability of given construct for bone regeneration has been evaluated in vitro in interaction with human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs). 28024612 2 61 theme proper 512:517 arg1 strength 531:538 proper compressive strength 512:538 proper compressive strength 512:538 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 7 62 link pad-derived 1196:1206 arg1 cells 1213:1217 human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells 1179:1217 human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs) 1179:1227 Moreover, the capability of given construct for bone regeneration has been evaluated in vitro in interaction with human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs). 28024612 7 62 link pad-derived 1196:1206 arg1 hBFPSCs 1220:1226 hBFPSCs 1220:1226 hBFPSCs 1220:1226 Moreover, the capability of given construct for bone regeneration has been evaluated in vitro in interaction with human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs). 28024612 2 63 theme Current 384:390 arg1 study 392:396 Current study 384:396 Current study 384:396 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 1 64 theme tissue 364:369 arg1 engineering 371:381 bone tissue engineering 359:381 bone tissue engineering 359:381 Fabrication of an ideal scaffold having proper composition, physical structure and able to have sustained release of growth factors still is challenging for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 2 65 theme protein-2 621:629 arg1 release 591:597 sustained release 581:597 sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) 581:636 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 8 66 theme hBFPSCs 1507:1513 arg1 differentiation 1488:1502 differentiation 1488:1502 differentiation of hBFPSCs towards the osteoblast lineage 1488:1544 The results showed that gelatin-coated TCP scaffold with rhBMP2 delivery system not only could act as a mechanically and biologically compatible framework, but also act as an osteoinductive graft by sustained delivering of rhBMP2 in a therapeutic window for differentiation of hBFPSCs towards the osteoblast lineage. 28024612 2 67 dep three-dimensional 429:445 arg1 3-D 448:450 3-D 448:450 3-D 448:450 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 8 68 theme delivery 1294:1301 arg1 system 1303:1308 rhBMP2 delivery system 1287:1308 rhBMP2 delivery system 1287:1308 The results showed that gelatin-coated TCP scaffold with rhBMP2 delivery system not only could act as a mechanically and biologically compatible framework, but also act as an osteoinductive graft by sustained delivering of rhBMP2 in a therapeutic window for differentiation of hBFPSCs towards the osteoblast lineage. 28024612 9 69 theme growth 1626:1631 arg1 factors 1633:1639 other growth factors 1620:1639 other growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alone or in combination, for future investigations 1620:1741 The proposed scaffold model can be suggested for delivering of cells and other growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alone or in combination, for future investigations. 28024612 9 69 theme growth 1626:1631 arg1 factor 1677:1682 vascular endothelial growth factor 1649:1682 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 1649:1689 The proposed scaffold model can be suggested for delivering of cells and other growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alone or in combination, for future investigations. 28024612 2 70 theme morphogenetic 607:619 arg1 protein-2 621:629 bone morphogenetic protein-2 602:629 bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) 602:636 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 2 70 theme morphogenetic 607:619 arg1 BMP2 632:635 BMP2 632:635 BMP2 632:635 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 3 71 theme phosphate 701:709 arg1 scaffolds 719:727 A highly porous 3-D β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds 668:727 A highly porous 3-D β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds 668:727 A highly porous 3-D β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds, inside of which two perpendicular canals were created, was fabricated using foam-casting technique. 28024612 8 72 theme rhBMP2 1453:1458 arg1 sustained 1429:1437 sustained 1429:1437 sustained 1429:1437 The results showed that gelatin-coated TCP scaffold with rhBMP2 delivery system not only could act as a mechanically and biologically compatible framework, but also act as an osteoinductive graft by sustained delivering of rhBMP2 in a therapeutic window for differentiation of hBFPSCs towards the osteoblast lineage. 28024612 9 73 theme proposed 1551:1558 arg1 model 1569:1573 The proposed scaffold model 1547:1573 The proposed scaffold model 1547:1573 The proposed scaffold model can be suggested for delivering of cells and other growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alone or in combination, for future investigations. 28024612 8 74 theme TCP 1269:1271 arg1 scaffold 1273:1280 gelatin-coated TCP scaffold 1254:1280 gelatin-coated TCP scaffold with rhBMP2 delivery system 1254:1308 The results showed that gelatin-coated TCP scaffold with rhBMP2 delivery system not only could act as a mechanically and biologically compatible framework, but also act as an osteoinductive graft by sustained delivering of rhBMP2 in a therapeutic window for differentiation of hBFPSCs towards the osteoblast lineage. 28024612 8 74 theme TCP 1269:1271 arg1 graft 1420:1424 an osteoinductive graft 1402:1424 an osteoinductive graft by sustained delivering of rhBMP2 1402:1458 The results showed that gelatin-coated TCP scaffold with rhBMP2 delivery system not only could act as a mechanically and biologically compatible framework, but also act as an osteoinductive graft by sustained delivering of rhBMP2 in a therapeutic window for differentiation of hBFPSCs towards the osteoblast lineage. 28024612 8 74 theme TCP 1269:1271 arg1 framework 1375:1383 a mechanically and biologically compatible framework 1332:1383 a mechanically and biologically compatible framework 1332:1383 The results showed that gelatin-coated TCP scaffold with rhBMP2 delivery system not only could act as a mechanically and biologically compatible framework, but also act as an osteoinductive graft by sustained delivering of rhBMP2 in a therapeutic window for differentiation of hBFPSCs towards the osteoblast lineage. 28024612 0 75 theme sustained 110:118 arg1 release 120:126 sustained release 110:126 sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 110:158 Fabrication of a three-dimensional β-tricalcium-phosphate/gelatin containing chitosan-based nanoparticles for sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2: Implication for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 8 76 theme therapeutic 1465:1475 arg1 window 1477:1482 a therapeutic window 1463:1482 a therapeutic window for differentiation of hBFPSCs towards the osteoblast lineage 1463:1544 The results showed that gelatin-coated TCP scaffold with rhBMP2 delivery system not only could act as a mechanically and biologically compatible framework, but also act as an osteoinductive graft by sustained delivering of rhBMP2 in a therapeutic window for differentiation of hBFPSCs towards the osteoblast lineage. 28024612 2 77 theme suitable 467:474 arg1 able 573:576 able 573:576 able 573:576 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 2 77 theme suitable 467:474 arg1 porosity 559:566 porosity 559:566 porosity 559:566 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 2 77 theme suitable 467:474 arg1 strength 531:538 proper compressive strength 512:538 proper compressive strength 512:538 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 2 77 theme suitable 467:474 arg1 characteristics 485:499 suitable physical characteristics 467:499 suitable physical characteristics 467:499 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 2 77 theme suitable 467:474 arg1 rate 553:556 degradation rate 541:556 degradation rate 541:556 Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. 28024612 9 78 theme scaffold 1560:1567 arg1 model 1569:1573 The proposed scaffold model 1547:1573 The proposed scaffold model 1547:1573 The proposed scaffold model can be suggested for delivering of cells and other growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alone or in combination, for future investigations. 28024612 5 79 theme chitosan 896:903 arg1 nanoparticles 910:922 BMP2-loaded chitosan (CS) nanoparticles 884:922 BMP2-loaded chitosan (CS) nanoparticles 884:922 Next, BMP2-loaded chitosan (CS) nanoparticles were dispersed into collagen hydrogel and filled into the scaffold canals. 28024612 7 80 theme human 1179:1183 arg1 cells 1213:1217 human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells 1179:1217 human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs) 1179:1227 Moreover, the capability of given construct for bone regeneration has been evaluated in vitro in interaction with human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs). 28024612 7 80 theme human 1179:1183 arg1 hBFPSCs 1220:1226 hBFPSCs 1220:1226 hBFPSCs 1220:1226 Moreover, the capability of given construct for bone regeneration has been evaluated in vitro in interaction with human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs). 28024612 0 81 dep Fabrication 0:10 arg1 Implication 161:171 Implication 161:171 Fabrication of a three-dimensional β-tricalcium-phosphate/gelatin containing chitosan-based nanoparticles for sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2: Implication for bone tissue engineering. 0:200 Fabrication of a three-dimensional β-tricalcium-phosphate/gelatin containing chitosan-based nanoparticles for sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2: Implication for bone tissue engineering. 27473643 3 0 theme Gram-stain-positive 301:319 arg1 rods 361:364 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods 292:364 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods 292:364 Cells of the strain were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods and grew on media containing methanol. 27473643 6 1 theme genomic 879:885 arg1 DNA 887:889 genomic DNA 879:889 genomic DNA 879:889 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to possess meso-diaminopimelic acid and the G+C content of genomic DNA was 52.1 mol %. 27473643 8 2 theme Paenibacillus 1253:1265 arg1 genus 1247:1251 the genus Paenibacillus 1243:1265 the genus Paenibacillus 1243:1265 Based on the molecular and chemotaxonomic markers and physiological properties, strain BL24T (=NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusmethanolicusis proposed. 27473643 5 3 theme related 685:691 arg1 11473T 643:648 P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T 620:648 P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T 620:648 DNA-DNA hybridization with P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T, phylogenetically the most closely related species, was 21.6 %; this value showed that strain BL24Tbelonged to a different species. 27473643 5 3 theme related 685:691 arg1 species 693:699 phylogenetically the most closely related species 651:699 phylogenetically the most closely related species 651:699 DNA-DNA hybridization with P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T, phylogenetically the most closely related species, was 21.6 %; this value showed that strain BL24Tbelonged to a different species. 27473643 5 4 theme different 763:771 arg1 species 773:779 a different species 761:779 a different species 761:779 DNA-DNA hybridization with P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T, phylogenetically the most closely related species, was 21.6 %; this value showed that strain BL24Tbelonged to a different species. 27473643 6 5 theme meso-diaminopimelic 831:849 arg1 acid 851:854 meso-diaminopimelic acid 831:854 meso-diaminopimelic acid 831:854 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to possess meso-diaminopimelic acid and the G+C content of genomic DNA was 52.1 mol %. 27473643 5 6 theme DNA-DNA 593:599 arg1 hybridization 601:613 DNA-DNA hybridization 593:613 DNA-DNA hybridization with P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T, phylogenetically the most closely related species, 593:700 DNA-DNA hybridization with P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T, phylogenetically the most closely related species, was 21.6 %; this value showed that strain BL24Tbelonged to a different species. 27473643 8 7 theme genus 1247:1251 arg1 species 1232:1238 a novel species 1224:1238 a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusmethanolicusis proposed 1224:1322 Based on the molecular and chemotaxonomic markers and physiological properties, strain BL24T (=NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusmethanolicusis proposed. 27473643 3 8 theme oxidase-positive 344:359 arg1 rods 361:364 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods 292:364 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods 292:364 Cells of the strain were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods and grew on media containing methanol. 27473643 4 9 theme phyllosphaeraeKACC 513:530 arg1 % 545:545 97.8 % 540:545 97.8 % 540:545 In 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BL24Tshowed the highest sequence similarities with Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) and Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 (95.1 %). 27473643 4 9 theme phyllosphaeraeKACC 513:530 arg1 11473T 532:537 Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T 499:537 Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) 499:546 In 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BL24Tshowed the highest sequence similarities with Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) and Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 (95.1 %). 27473643 8 10 theme chemotaxonomic 1104:1117 arg1 markers 1119:1125 the molecular and chemotaxonomic markers 1086:1125 markers 1119:1125 Based on the molecular and chemotaxonomic markers and physiological properties, strain BL24T (=NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusmethanolicusis proposed. 27473643 3 11 contain containing 384:393 arg2 methanol 395:402 methanol 395:402 methanol 395:402 Cells of the strain were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods and grew on media containing methanol. 27473643 3 11 contain containing 384:393 arg1 media 378:382 media 378:382 media containing methanol 378:402 Cells of the strain were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods and grew on media containing methanol. 27473643 6 12 theme 52.1 895:898 arg1 % 904:904 52.1 mol % 895:904 52.1 mol % 895:904 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to possess meso-diaminopimelic acid and the G+C content of genomic DNA was 52.1 mol %. 27473643 6 12 theme 52.1 895:898 arg1 content 868:874 the G+C content 860:874 the G+C content of genomic DNA 860:889 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to possess meso-diaminopimelic acid and the G+C content of genomic DNA was 52.1 mol %. 27473643 7 13 theme respiratory 958:968 arg1 quinone 970:976 the predominant respiratory quinone 942:976 the predominant respiratory quinone 942:976 It contained menaquinone (MK)-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27473643 7 13 theme respiratory 958:968 arg1 C16  1017:1020 C16  1017:1020 C16  1017:1020 It contained menaquinone (MK)-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27473643 4 14 theme highest 464:470 arg1 similarities 481:492 the highest sequence similarities 460:492 the highest sequence similarities with Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) and Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 (95.1 %) 460:590 In 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BL24Tshowed the highest sequence similarities with Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) and Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 (95.1 %). 27473643 3 15 theme catalase- 330:338 arg1 rods 361:364 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods 292:364 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods 292:364 Cells of the strain were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods and grew on media containing methanol. 27473643 2 16 theme Strain 145:150 arg1 BL24T 152:156 Strain BL24T 145:156 Strain BL24T 145:156 Strain BL24T, isolated from bamboo phyllosphere collected in Coimbatore, India, was studied for taxonomic classification. 27473643 5 17 theme phyllosphaerae 623:636 arg1 11473T 643:648 P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T 620:648 P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T 620:648 DNA-DNA hybridization with P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T, phylogenetically the most closely related species, was 21.6 %; this value showed that strain BL24Tbelonged to a different species. 27473643 5 17 theme phyllosphaerae 623:636 arg1 species 693:699 phylogenetically the most closely related species 651:699 phylogenetically the most closely related species 651:699 DNA-DNA hybridization with P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T, phylogenetically the most closely related species, was 21.6 %; this value showed that strain BL24Tbelonged to a different species. 27473643 5 18 theme P. 620:621 arg1 11473T 643:648 P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T 620:648 P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T 620:648 DNA-DNA hybridization with P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T, phylogenetically the most closely related species, was 21.6 %; this value showed that strain BL24Tbelonged to a different species. 27473643 5 18 theme P. 620:621 arg1 species 693:699 phylogenetically the most closely related species 651:699 phylogenetically the most closely related species 651:699 DNA-DNA hybridization with P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T, phylogenetically the most closely related species, was 21.6 %; this value showed that strain BL24Tbelonged to a different species. 27473643 8 19 theme =NRRL 1171:1175 arg1 7577T 1190:1194 =NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T 1171:1194 =NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T 1171:1194 Based on the molecular and chemotaxonomic markers and physiological properties, strain BL24T (=NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusmethanolicusis proposed. 27473643 8 19 theme =NRRL 1171:1175 arg1 BL24T 1164:1168 strain BL24T 1157:1168 strain BL24T (=NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T) 1157:1195 Based on the molecular and chemotaxonomic markers and physiological properties, strain BL24T (=NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusmethanolicusis proposed. 27473643 8 20 theme molecular 1090:1098 arg1 markers 1119:1125 the molecular and chemotaxonomic markers 1086:1125 markers 1119:1125 Based on the molecular and chemotaxonomic markers and physiological properties, strain BL24T (=NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusmethanolicusis proposed. 27473643 6 21 theme DNA 887:889 arg1 % 904:904 52.1 mol % 895:904 52.1 mol % 895:904 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to possess meso-diaminopimelic acid and the G+C content of genomic DNA was 52.1 mol %. 27473643 6 21 theme DNA 887:889 arg1 content 868:874 the G+C content 860:874 the G+C content of genomic DNA 860:889 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to possess meso-diaminopimelic acid and the G+C content of genomic DNA was 52.1 mol %. 27473643 5 22 theme KACC 638:641 arg1 11473T 643:648 P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T 620:648 P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T 620:648 DNA-DNA hybridization with P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T, phylogenetically the most closely related species, was 21.6 %; this value showed that strain BL24Tbelonged to a different species. 27473643 5 22 theme KACC 638:641 arg1 species 693:699 phylogenetically the most closely related species 651:699 phylogenetically the most closely related species 651:699 DNA-DNA hybridization with P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T, phylogenetically the most closely related species, was 21.6 %; this value showed that strain BL24Tbelonged to a different species. 27473643 6 23 theme cell-wall 786:794 arg1 peptidoglycan 796:808 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 782:808 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 782:808 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to possess meso-diaminopimelic acid and the G+C content of genomic DNA was 52.1 mol %. 27473643 7 24 contain contained 910:918 arg2 MK 933:934 MK 933:934 MK 933:934 It contained menaquinone (MK)-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27473643 7 24 contain contained 910:918 arg2 menaquinone 920:930 menaquinone (MK)-7 920:937 menaquinone (MK)-7 920:937 It contained menaquinone (MK)-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27473643 7 24 contain contained 910:918 arg1 It 907:908 It 907:908 It 907:908 It contained menaquinone (MK)-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27473643 7 25 dep C16  1017:1020 arg1 anteiso-C17  1060:1071 anteiso-C17  1060:1071 anteiso-C17  1060:1071 It contained menaquinone (MK)-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27473643 7 25 dep C16  1017:1020 arg1  0 1039:1040  0 1039:1040  0 1039:1040 It contained menaquinone (MK)-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27473643 7 25 dep C16  1017:1020 arg1  0 1073:1074  0 1073:1074  0 1073:1074 It contained menaquinone (MK)-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27473643 7 25 dep C16  1017:1020 arg1  0 1022:1023  0 1022:1023  0 1022:1023 It contained menaquinone (MK)-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27473643 7 25 dep C16  1017:1020 arg1 anteiso-C15  1026:1037 anteiso-C15  1026:1037 anteiso-C15  1026:1037 It contained menaquinone (MK)-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27473643 7 25 dep C16  1017:1020 arg1  0 1052:1053  0 1052:1053  0 1052:1053 It contained menaquinone (MK)-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27473643 0 26 theme methanolicus 14:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Paenibacillus methanolicus sp 0:28 Paenibacillus methanolicus sp. 0:29 Paenibacillus methanolicus sp. 27473643 4 27 theme sequence 472:479 arg1 similarities 481:492 the highest sequence similarities 460:492 the highest sequence similarities with Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) and Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 (95.1 %) 460:590 In 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BL24Tshowed the highest sequence similarities with Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) and Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 (95.1 %). 27473643 0 28 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 27:28 Paenibacillus methanolicus sp 0:28 Paenibacillus methanolicus sp. 0:29 Paenibacillus methanolicus sp. 27473643 4 29 theme Paenibacillus 552:564 arg1 sacheonensisSY01 566:581 Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 552:581 Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 (95.1 %) 552:590 In 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BL24Tshowed the highest sequence similarities with Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) and Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 (95.1 %). 27473643 4 29 theme Paenibacillus 552:564 arg1 % 589:589 95.1 % 584:589 95.1 % 584:589 In 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BL24Tshowed the highest sequence similarities with Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) and Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 (95.1 %). 27473643 8 30 theme name 1282:1285 arg1 Paenibacillusmethanolicusis 1287:1313 the name Paenibacillusmethanolicusis 1278:1313 the name Paenibacillusmethanolicusis 1278:1313 Based on the molecular and chemotaxonomic markers and physiological properties, strain BL24T (=NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusmethanolicusis proposed. 27473643 8 31 theme B-51698T=CCM 1177:1188 arg1 7577T 1190:1194 =NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T 1171:1194 =NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T 1171:1194 Based on the molecular and chemotaxonomic markers and physiological properties, strain BL24T (=NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusmethanolicusis proposed. 27473643 8 31 theme B-51698T=CCM 1177:1188 arg1 BL24T 1164:1168 strain BL24T 1157:1168 strain BL24T (=NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T) 1157:1195 Based on the molecular and chemotaxonomic markers and physiological properties, strain BL24T (=NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusmethanolicusis proposed. 27473643 8 32 theme physiological 1131:1143 arg1 properties 1145:1154 physiological properties 1131:1154 physiological properties 1131:1154 Based on the molecular and chemotaxonomic markers and physiological properties, strain BL24T (=NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusmethanolicusis proposed. 27473643 1 33 attach isolated 81:88 arg1 phyllosphere 99:110 the phyllosphere 95:110 the phyllosphere of bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica) 95:142 nov., a xylanolytic, methanol-utilizing bacterium isolated from the phyllosphere of bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica). 27473643 1 33 attach isolated 81:88 arg2 bacterium 71:79 a xylanolytic, methanol-utilizing bacterium 37:79 a xylanolytic, methanol-utilizing bacterium isolated from the phyllosphere of bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica) 37:142 nov., a xylanolytic, methanol-utilizing bacterium isolated from the phyllosphere of bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica). 27473643 2 34 theme bamboo 173:178 arg1 phyllosphere 180:191 bamboo phyllosphere 173:191 bamboo phyllosphere collected in Coimbatore, India 173:222 Strain BL24T, isolated from bamboo phyllosphere collected in Coimbatore, India, was studied for taxonomic classification. 27473643 1 35 dep xylanolytic 39:49 arg1 methanol-utilizing 52:69 methanol-utilizing 52:69 methanol-utilizing 52:69 nov., a xylanolytic, methanol-utilizing bacterium isolated from the phyllosphere of bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica). 27473643 6 36 contain possess 823:829 arg1 peptidoglycan 796:808 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 782:808 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 782:808 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to possess meso-diaminopimelic acid and the G+C content of genomic DNA was 52.1 mol %. 27473643 6 36 contain possess 823:829 arg2 acid 851:854 meso-diaminopimelic acid 831:854 meso-diaminopimelic acid 831:854 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to possess meso-diaminopimelic acid and the G+C content of genomic DNA was 52.1 mol %. 27473643 6 37 theme G+C 864:866 arg1 % 904:904 52.1 mol % 895:904 52.1 mol % 895:904 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to possess meso-diaminopimelic acid and the G+C content of genomic DNA was 52.1 mol %. 27473643 6 37 theme G+C 864:866 arg1 content 868:874 the G+C content 860:874 the G+C content of genomic DNA 860:889 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to possess meso-diaminopimelic acid and the G+C content of genomic DNA was 52.1 mol %. 27473643 7 38 theme cellular 992:999 arg1 C16  1017:1020 C16  1017:1020 C16  1017:1020 It contained menaquinone (MK)-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27473643 7 38 theme cellular 992:999 arg1 acids 1007:1011 the major cellular fatty acids 982:1011 the major cellular fatty acids 982:1011 It contained menaquinone (MK)-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27473643 2 39 attach isolated 159:166 arg2 BL24T 152:156 Strain BL24T 145:156 Strain BL24T 145:156 Strain BL24T, isolated from bamboo phyllosphere collected in Coimbatore, India, was studied for taxonomic classification. 27473643 2 39 attach isolated 159:166 arg1 phyllosphere 180:191 bamboo phyllosphere 173:191 bamboo phyllosphere collected in Coimbatore, India 173:222 Strain BL24T, isolated from bamboo phyllosphere collected in Coimbatore, India, was studied for taxonomic classification. 27473643 1 40 dep bacterium 71:79 arg1 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov., a xylanolytic, methanol-utilizing bacterium isolated from the phyllosphere of bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica). 27473643 3 41 theme aerobic 292:298 arg1 rods 361:364 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods 292:364 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods 292:364 Cells of the strain were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods and grew on media containing methanol. 27473643 7 42 theme fatty 1001:1005 arg1 C16  1017:1020 C16  1017:1020 C16  1017:1020 It contained menaquinone (MK)-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27473643 7 42 theme fatty 1001:1005 arg1 acids 1007:1011 the major cellular fatty acids 982:1011 the major cellular fatty acids 982:1011 It contained menaquinone (MK)-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27473643 1 43 theme bamboo 115:120 arg1 phyllosphere 99:110 the phyllosphere 95:110 the phyllosphere of bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica) 95:142 nov., a xylanolytic, methanol-utilizing bacterium isolated from the phyllosphere of bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica). 27473643 8 44 theme strain 1157:1162 arg1 7577T 1190:1194 =NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T 1171:1194 =NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T 1171:1194 Based on the molecular and chemotaxonomic markers and physiological properties, strain BL24T (=NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusmethanolicusis proposed. 27473643 8 44 theme strain 1157:1162 arg1 BL24T 1164:1168 strain BL24T 1157:1168 strain BL24T (=NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T) 1157:1195 Based on the molecular and chemotaxonomic markers and physiological properties, strain BL24T (=NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusmethanolicusis proposed. 27473643 4 45 theme rRNA 412:415 arg1 analysis 431:438 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 408:438 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 408:438 In 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BL24Tshowed the highest sequence similarities with Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) and Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 (95.1 %). 27473643 5 46 with hybridization 601:613 arg1 11473T 643:648 P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T 620:648 P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T 620:648 DNA-DNA hybridization with P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T, phylogenetically the most closely related species, was 21.6 %; this value showed that strain BL24Tbelonged to a different species. 27473643 5 46 with hybridization 601:613 arg1 species 693:699 phylogenetically the most closely related species 651:699 phylogenetically the most closely related species 651:699 DNA-DNA hybridization with P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T, phylogenetically the most closely related species, was 21.6 %; this value showed that strain BL24Tbelonged to a different species. 27473643 3 47 theme strain 280:285 arg1 Cells 267:271 Cells 267:271 Cells of the strain 267:285 Cells of the strain were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods and grew on media containing methanol. 27473643 4 48 theme 16S 408:410 arg1 analysis 431:438 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 408:438 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 408:438 In 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BL24Tshowed the highest sequence similarities with Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) and Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 (95.1 %). 27473643 7 49 theme major 986:990 arg1 C16  1017:1020 C16  1017:1020 C16  1017:1020 It contained menaquinone (MK)-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27473643 7 49 theme major 986:990 arg1 acids 1007:1011 the major cellular fatty acids 982:1011 the major cellular fatty acids 982:1011 It contained menaquinone (MK)-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27473643 1 50 theme Pseudosasa 123:132 arg1 bamboo 115:120 bamboo 115:120 bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica) 115:142 nov., a xylanolytic, methanol-utilizing bacterium isolated from the phyllosphere of bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica). 27473643 1 50 theme Pseudosasa 123:132 arg1 japonica 134:141 Pseudosasa japonica 123:141 Pseudosasa japonica 123:141 nov., a xylanolytic, methanol-utilizing bacterium isolated from the phyllosphere of bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica). 27473643 4 51 theme sequence 422:429 arg1 analysis 431:438 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 408:438 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 408:438 In 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BL24Tshowed the highest sequence similarities with Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) and Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 (95.1 %). 27473643 2 52 theme taxonomic 241:249 arg1 classification 251:264 taxonomic classification 241:264 taxonomic classification 241:264 Strain BL24T, isolated from bamboo phyllosphere collected in Coimbatore, India, was studied for taxonomic classification. 27473643 8 53 theme novel 1226:1230 arg1 species 1232:1238 a novel species 1224:1238 a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusmethanolicusis proposed 1224:1322 Based on the molecular and chemotaxonomic markers and physiological properties, strain BL24T (=NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusmethanolicusis proposed. 27473643 3 54 theme motile 322:327 arg1 rods 361:364 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods 292:364 aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods 292:364 Cells of the strain were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods and grew on media containing methanol. 27473643 4 55 theme gene 417:420 arg1 analysis 431:438 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 408:438 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 408:438 In 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BL24Tshowed the highest sequence similarities with Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) and Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 (95.1 %). 27473643 4 56 with similarities 481:492 arg1 % 545:545 97.8 % 540:545 97.8 % 540:545 In 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BL24Tshowed the highest sequence similarities with Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) and Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 (95.1 %). 27473643 4 56 with similarities 481:492 arg1 sacheonensisSY01 566:581 Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 552:581 Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 (95.1 %) 552:590 In 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BL24Tshowed the highest sequence similarities with Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) and Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 (95.1 %). 27473643 4 56 with similarities 481:492 arg1 % 589:589 95.1 % 584:589 95.1 % 584:589 In 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BL24Tshowed the highest sequence similarities with Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) and Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 (95.1 %). 27473643 4 56 with similarities 481:492 arg1 11473T 532:537 Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T 499:537 Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) 499:546 In 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BL24Tshowed the highest sequence similarities with Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) and Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 (95.1 %). 27473643 4 57 theme Paenibacillus 499:511 arg1 % 545:545 97.8 % 540:545 97.8 % 540:545 In 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BL24Tshowed the highest sequence similarities with Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) and Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 (95.1 %). 27473643 4 57 theme Paenibacillus 499:511 arg1 11473T 532:537 Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T 499:537 Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) 499:546 In 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BL24Tshowed the highest sequence similarities with Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) and Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 (95.1 %). 27473643 1 58 theme xylanolytic 39:49 arg1 bacterium 71:79 a xylanolytic, methanol-utilizing bacterium 37:79 a xylanolytic, methanol-utilizing bacterium isolated from the phyllosphere of bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica) 37:142 nov., a xylanolytic, methanol-utilizing bacterium isolated from the phyllosphere of bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica). 27473643 7 59 theme predominant 946:956 arg1 quinone 970:976 the predominant respiratory quinone 942:976 the predominant respiratory quinone 942:976 It contained menaquinone (MK)-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27473643 7 59 theme predominant 946:956 arg1 C16  1017:1020 C16  1017:1020 C16  1017:1020 It contained menaquinone (MK)-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0. 28694291 7 0 theme degranulation 1251:1263 arg1 inhibition 1215:1224 substantial inhibition 1203:1224 substantial inhibition of HDP-induced mast cell degranulation 1203:1263 PgLPS1690 caused substantial inhibition of HDP-induced mast cell degranulation, but PgLPS1435/1449 had no effect. 28694291 7 1 contain had 1285:1287 arg2 effect 1292:1297 no effect 1289:1297 no effect 1289:1297 PgLPS1690 caused substantial inhibition of HDP-induced mast cell degranulation, but PgLPS1435/1449 had no effect. 28694291 7 1 contain had 1285:1287 arg1 PgLPS1435/1449 1270:1283 PgLPS1435/1449 1270:1283 PgLPS1435/1449 1270:1283 PgLPS1690 caused substantial inhibition of HDP-induced mast cell degranulation, but PgLPS1435/1449 had no effect. 28694291 2 2 from penta-acylated 476:489 arg1 LPS 462:464 LPS 462:464 LPS 462:464 The virulence of P. gingivalis likely reflects an alteration in the lipid A composition of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the penta-acylated (PgLPS1690) to the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form. 28694291 2 2 from penta-acylated 476:489 arg1 composition 423:433 the lipid A composition 411:433 the lipid A composition of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the penta-acylated (PgLPS1690) to the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form 411:545 The virulence of P. gingivalis likely reflects an alteration in the lipid A composition of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the penta-acylated (PgLPS1690) to the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form. 28694291 2 2 from penta-acylated 476:489 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 442:459 its lipopolysaccharide 438:459 its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the penta-acylated (PgLPS1690) to the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form 438:545 The virulence of P. gingivalis likely reflects an alteration in the lipid A composition of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the penta-acylated (PgLPS1690) to the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form. 28694291 9 3 theme sustained 1592:1600 arg1 inflammation 1602:1613 sustained inflammation 1592:1613 sustained inflammation due to elevated levels of both HDPs and MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells 1592:1683 These findings suggest that low-level inflammation induced by HDP/MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell degranulation contributes to gingival homeostasis but that sustained inflammation due to elevated levels of both HDPs and MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells promotes periodontal disease. 28694291 9 4 theme periodontal 1694:1704 arg1 disease 1706:1712 periodontal disease 1694:1712 periodontal disease 1694:1712 These findings suggest that low-level inflammation induced by HDP/MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell degranulation contributes to gingival homeostasis but that sustained inflammation due to elevated levels of both HDPs and MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells promotes periodontal disease. 28694291 0 5 theme Degranulation 88:100 arg1 Regulation 13:22 Differential Regulation 0:22 Differential Regulation of Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation by Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptides and Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide. 0:188 Differential Regulation of Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation by Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptides and Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide. 28694291 10 6 theme cell 1772:1775 arg1 degranulation 1777:1789 HDP-induced mast cell degranulation 1755:1789 HDP-induced mast cell degranulation 1755:1789 Furthermore, differential regulation of HDP-induced mast cell degranulation by PgLPS1690 and PgLPS1435/1449 may contribute to the modulation of disease progression. 28694291 2 7 theme A 421:421 arg1 composition 423:433 the lipid A composition 411:433 the lipid A composition of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the penta-acylated (PgLPS1690) to the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form 411:545 The virulence of P. gingivalis likely reflects an alteration in the lipid A composition of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the penta-acylated (PgLPS1690) to the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form. 28694291 0 8 theme Host 119:122 arg1 Peptides 132:139 Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptides 105:139 Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptides 105:139 Differential Regulation of Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation by Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptides and Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide. 28694291 4 9 dep peptides 736:743 arg1 peptides 736:743 epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides 688:743 epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3) 688:781 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 4 9 dep peptides 736:743 arg1 LL-37 753:757 LL-37 753:757 LL-37 753:757 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 4 9 dep peptides 736:743 arg1 β-defensin-3 769:780 human β-defensin-3 763:780 human β-defensin-3 763:780 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 6 10 from degranulation 1077:1089 arg1 line 1112:1115 human mast cell line 1096:1115 a human mast cell line (LAD2) 1094:1122 Furthermore, HDPs stimulated degranulation in a human mast cell line (LAD2) and in RBL-2H3 cells stably expressing MRGPRX2 (RBL-MRGPRX2). 28694291 6 10 from degranulation 1077:1089 arg1 cells 1139:1143 RBL-2H3 cells 1131:1143 RBL-2H3 cells stably expressing MRGPRX2 (RBL-MRGPRX2) 1131:1183 Furthermore, HDPs stimulated degranulation in a human mast cell line (LAD2) and in RBL-2H3 cells stably expressing MRGPRX2 (RBL-MRGPRX2). 28694291 6 10 from degranulation 1077:1089 arg1 LAD2 1118:1121 LAD2 1118:1121 LAD2 1118:1121 Furthermore, HDPs stimulated degranulation in a human mast cell line (LAD2) and in RBL-2H3 cells stably expressing MRGPRX2 (RBL-MRGPRX2). 28694291 2 11 from alteration 397:406 arg1 composition 423:433 the lipid A composition 411:433 the lipid A composition of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the penta-acylated (PgLPS1690) to the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form 411:545 The virulence of P. gingivalis likely reflects an alteration in the lipid A composition of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the penta-acylated (PgLPS1690) to the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form. 28694291 2 12 theme P. 364:365 arg1 gingivalis 367:376 P. gingivalis 364:376 P. gingivalis 364:376 The virulence of P. gingivalis likely reflects an alteration in the lipid A composition of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the penta-acylated (PgLPS1690) to the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form. 28694291 9 13 theme cells 1679:1683 arg1 levels 1631:1636 elevated levels 1622:1636 elevated levels of both HDPs and MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells 1622:1683 These findings suggest that low-level inflammation induced by HDP/MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell degranulation contributes to gingival homeostasis but that sustained inflammation due to elevated levels of both HDPs and MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells promotes periodontal disease. 28694291 8 14 contain had 1425:1427 arg2 effect 1432:1437 no effect 1429:1437 no effect 1429:1437 A fluorescently labeled HDP (FAM-LL-37) bound to RBL-MRGPRX2 cells, and PgLPS1690 inhibited this binding, but PgLPS1435/1449 had no effect. 28694291 8 14 contain had 1425:1427 arg1 PgLPS1435/1449 1410:1423 PgLPS1435/1449 1410:1423 PgLPS1435/1449 1410:1423 A fluorescently labeled HDP (FAM-LL-37) bound to RBL-MRGPRX2 cells, and PgLPS1690 inhibited this binding, but PgLPS1435/1449 had no effect. 28694291 0 15 theme Antimicrobial 105:117 arg1 Peptides 132:139 Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptides 105:139 Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptides 105:139 Differential Regulation of Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation by Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptides and Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide. 28694291 10 16 theme disease 1859:1865 arg1 progression 1867:1877 disease progression 1859:1877 disease progression 1859:1877 Furthermore, differential regulation of HDP-induced mast cell degranulation by PgLPS1690 and PgLPS1435/1449 may contribute to the modulation of disease progression. 28694291 5 17 theme chronic 1025:1031 arg1 periodontitis 1033:1045 chronic periodontitis 1025:1045 chronic periodontitis 1025:1045 We found that MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells are present in normal gingiva and that their numbers are elevated in patients with chronic periodontitis. 28694291 9 18 theme HDP/MRGPRX2-mediated 1502:1521 arg1 degranulation 1533:1545 HDP/MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell degranulation 1502:1545 HDP/MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell degranulation 1502:1545 These findings suggest that low-level inflammation induced by HDP/MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell degranulation contributes to gingival homeostasis but that sustained inflammation due to elevated levels of both HDPs and MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells promotes periodontal disease. 28694291 3 19 theme Mast 548:551 arg1 cells 553:557 Mast cells 548:557 Mast cells 548:557 Mast cells play an important role in periodontitis, but the mechanisms of their activation and regulation remain unknown. 28694291 6 20 theme human 1096:1100 arg1 line 1112:1115 human mast cell line 1096:1115 a human mast cell line (LAD2) 1094:1122 Furthermore, HDPs stimulated degranulation in a human mast cell line (LAD2) and in RBL-2H3 cells stably expressing MRGPRX2 (RBL-MRGPRX2). 28694291 6 20 theme human 1096:1100 arg1 LAD2 1118:1121 LAD2 1118:1121 LAD2 1118:1121 Furthermore, HDPs stimulated degranulation in a human mast cell line (LAD2) and in RBL-2H3 cells stably expressing MRGPRX2 (RBL-MRGPRX2). 28694291 9 21 theme elevated 1622:1629 arg1 levels 1631:1636 elevated levels 1622:1636 elevated levels of both HDPs and MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells 1622:1683 These findings suggest that low-level inflammation induced by HDP/MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell degranulation contributes to gingival homeostasis but that sustained inflammation due to elevated levels of both HDPs and MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells promotes periodontal disease. 28694291 10 22 theme differential 1728:1739 arg1 regulation 1741:1750 differential regulation 1728:1750 differential regulation of HDP-induced mast cell degranulation by PgLPS1690 and PgLPS1435/1449 1728:1821 Furthermore, differential regulation of HDP-induced mast cell degranulation by PgLPS1690 and PgLPS1435/1449 may contribute to the modulation of disease progression. 28694291 4 23 theme defense 728:734 arg1 β-defensin-3 769:780 human β-defensin-3 763:780 human β-defensin-3 763:780 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 4 23 theme defense 728:734 arg1 HDPs 746:749 HDPs 746:749 HDPs 746:749 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 4 23 theme defense 728:734 arg1 LL-37 753:757 LL-37 753:757 LL-37 753:757 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 4 23 theme defense 728:734 arg1 peptides 736:743 epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides 688:743 epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3) 688:781 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 0 24 theme Defense 124:130 arg1 Peptides 132:139 Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptides 105:139 Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptides 105:139 Differential Regulation of Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation by Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptides and Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide. 28694291 5 25 attach present 946:952 arg1 gingiva 964:970 normal gingiva 957:970 normal gingiva 957:970 We found that MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells are present in normal gingiva and that their numbers are elevated in patients with chronic periodontitis. 28694291 5 25 attach present 946:952 arg2 cells 936:940 MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells 912:940 MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells 912:940 We found that MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells are present in normal gingiva and that their numbers are elevated in patients with chronic periodontitis. 28694291 5 26 with patients 1011:1018 arg1 periodontitis 1033:1045 chronic periodontitis 1025:1045 chronic periodontitis 1025:1045 We found that MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells are present in normal gingiva and that their numbers are elevated in patients with chronic periodontitis. 28694291 2 27 from composition 423:433 arg1 PgLPS1690 492:500 PgLPS1690 492:500 PgLPS1690 492:500 The virulence of P. gingivalis likely reflects an alteration in the lipid A composition of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the penta-acylated (PgLPS1690) to the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form. 28694291 2 27 from composition 423:433 arg1 penta-acylated 476:489 penta-acylated 476:489 penta-acylated 476:489 The virulence of P. gingivalis likely reflects an alteration in the lipid A composition of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the penta-acylated (PgLPS1690) to the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form. 28694291 4 28 theme Mas-related 814:824 arg1 X2 853:854 Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 814:854 Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) 814:864 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 4 28 theme Mas-related 814:824 arg1 MRGPRX2 857:863 MRGPRX2 857:863 MRGPRX2 857:863 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 1 29 theme keystone 220:227 arg1 pathogen 229:236 a keystone pathogen 218:236 a keystone pathogen that contributes to periodontal pathogenesis by disrupting host-microbe homeostasis and promoting dysbiosis 218:344 Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen that contributes to periodontal pathogenesis by disrupting host-microbe homeostasis and promoting dysbiosis. 28694291 1 29 theme keystone 220:227 arg1 gingivalis 204:213 Porphyromonas gingivalis 190:213 Porphyromonas gingivalis 190:213 Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen that contributes to periodontal pathogenesis by disrupting host-microbe homeostasis and promoting dysbiosis. 28694291 7 30 theme substantial 1203:1213 arg1 inhibition 1215:1224 substantial inhibition 1203:1224 substantial inhibition of HDP-induced mast cell degranulation 1203:1263 PgLPS1690 caused substantial inhibition of HDP-induced mast cell degranulation, but PgLPS1435/1449 had no effect. 28694291 9 31 theme mast 1523:1526 arg1 degranulation 1533:1545 HDP/MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell degranulation 1502:1545 HDP/MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell degranulation 1502:1545 These findings suggest that low-level inflammation induced by HDP/MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell degranulation contributes to gingival homeostasis but that sustained inflammation due to elevated levels of both HDPs and MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells promotes periodontal disease. 28694291 0 32 theme Differential 0:11 arg1 Regulation 13:22 Differential Regulation 0:22 Differential Regulation of Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation by Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptides and Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide. 0:188 Differential Regulation of Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation by Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptides and Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide. 28694291 8 33 theme RBL-MRGPRX2 1349:1359 arg1 cells 1361:1365 RBL-MRGPRX2 cells 1349:1365 RBL-MRGPRX2 cells 1349:1365 A fluorescently labeled HDP (FAM-LL-37) bound to RBL-MRGPRX2 cells, and PgLPS1690 inhibited this binding, but PgLPS1435/1449 had no effect. 28694291 2 34 theme lipopolysaccharide 442:459 arg1 composition 423:433 the lipid A composition 411:433 the lipid A composition of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the penta-acylated (PgLPS1690) to the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form 411:545 The virulence of P. gingivalis likely reflects an alteration in the lipid A composition of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the penta-acylated (PgLPS1690) to the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form. 28694291 0 35 theme Mas-Related 27:37 arg1 Degranulation 88:100 Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation 27:100 Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation 27:100 Differential Regulation of Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation by Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptides and Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide. 28694291 10 36 theme progression 1867:1877 arg1 modulation 1845:1854 the modulation 1841:1854 the modulation of disease progression 1841:1877 Furthermore, differential regulation of HDP-induced mast cell degranulation by PgLPS1690 and PgLPS1435/1449 may contribute to the modulation of disease progression. 28694291 0 37 theme Porphyromonas 145:157 arg1 Lipopolysaccharide 170:187 Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide 145:187 Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide 145:187 Differential Regulation of Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation by Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptides and Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide. 28694291 9 38 theme low-level 1468:1476 arg1 inflammation 1478:1489 low-level inflammation 1468:1489 low-level inflammation induced by HDP/MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell degranulation 1468:1545 These findings suggest that low-level inflammation induced by HDP/MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell degranulation contributes to gingival homeostasis but that sustained inflammation due to elevated levels of both HDPs and MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells promotes periodontal disease. 28694291 4 39 theme mast 799:802 arg1 cells 804:808 mast cells 799:808 mast cells 799:808 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 9 40 theme MRGPRX2-expressing 1655:1672 arg1 cells 1679:1683 MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells 1655:1683 MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells 1655:1683 These findings suggest that low-level inflammation induced by HDP/MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell degranulation contributes to gingival homeostasis but that sustained inflammation due to elevated levels of both HDPs and MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells promotes periodontal disease. 28694291 4 41 theme epithelium- 688:698 arg1 β-defensin-3 769:780 human β-defensin-3 763:780 human β-defensin-3 763:780 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 4 41 theme epithelium- 688:698 arg1 HDPs 746:749 HDPs 746:749 HDPs 746:749 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 4 41 theme epithelium- 688:698 arg1 LL-37 753:757 LL-37 753:757 LL-37 753:757 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 4 41 theme epithelium- 688:698 arg1 peptides 736:743 epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides 688:743 epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3) 688:781 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 9 42 theme cell 1528:1531 arg1 degranulation 1533:1545 HDP/MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell degranulation 1502:1545 HDP/MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell degranulation 1502:1545 These findings suggest that low-level inflammation induced by HDP/MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell degranulation contributes to gingival homeostasis but that sustained inflammation due to elevated levels of both HDPs and MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells promotes periodontal disease. 28694291 2 43 theme gingivalis 367:376 arg1 virulence 351:359 The virulence 347:359 The virulence of P. gingivalis 347:376 The virulence of P. gingivalis likely reflects an alteration in the lipid A composition of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the penta-acylated (PgLPS1690) to the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form. 28694291 5 44 theme mast 931:934 arg1 cells 936:940 MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells 912:940 MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells 912:940 We found that MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells are present in normal gingiva and that their numbers are elevated in patients with chronic periodontitis. 28694291 0 45 theme Protein-Coupled 41:55 arg1 Degranulation 88:100 Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation 27:100 Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation 27:100 Differential Regulation of Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation by Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptides and Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide. 28694291 6 46 theme RBL-2H3 1131:1137 arg1 cells 1139:1143 RBL-2H3 cells 1131:1143 RBL-2H3 cells stably expressing MRGPRX2 (RBL-MRGPRX2) 1131:1183 Furthermore, HDPs stimulated degranulation in a human mast cell line (LAD2) and in RBL-2H3 cells stably expressing MRGPRX2 (RBL-MRGPRX2). 28694291 10 47 theme degranulation 1777:1789 arg1 regulation 1741:1750 differential regulation 1728:1750 differential regulation of HDP-induced mast cell degranulation by PgLPS1690 and PgLPS1435/1449 1728:1821 Furthermore, differential regulation of HDP-induced mast cell degranulation by PgLPS1690 and PgLPS1435/1449 may contribute to the modulation of disease progression. 28694291 4 48 theme neutrophil-derived 704:721 arg1 defense 728:734 neutrophil-derived host defense 704:734 neutrophil-derived host defense 704:734 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 3 49 theme regulation 643:652 arg1 mechanisms 608:617 the mechanisms 604:617 the mechanisms of their activation and regulation 604:652 Mast cells play an important role in periodontitis, but the mechanisms of their activation and regulation remain unknown. 28694291 4 50 theme peptides 736:743 arg1 expression 674:683 The expression 670:683 The expression 670:683 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 1 51 theme periodontal 258:268 arg1 pathogenesis 270:281 periodontal pathogenesis 258:281 periodontal pathogenesis 258:281 Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen that contributes to periodontal pathogenesis by disrupting host-microbe homeostasis and promoting dysbiosis. 28694291 2 52 theme PgLPS1435/1449 526:539 arg1 form 542:545 the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form 506:545 the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form 506:545 The virulence of P. gingivalis likely reflects an alteration in the lipid A composition of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the penta-acylated (PgLPS1690) to the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form. 28694291 0 53 theme gingivalis 159:168 arg1 Lipopolysaccharide 170:187 Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide 145:187 Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide 145:187 Differential Regulation of Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation by Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptides and Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide. 28694291 9 54 theme mast 1674:1677 arg1 cells 1679:1683 MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells 1655:1683 MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells 1655:1683 These findings suggest that low-level inflammation induced by HDP/MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell degranulation contributes to gingival homeostasis but that sustained inflammation due to elevated levels of both HDPs and MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells promotes periodontal disease. 28694291 7 55 theme HDP-induced 1229:1239 arg1 degranulation 1251:1263 HDP-induced mast cell degranulation 1229:1263 HDP-induced mast cell degranulation 1229:1263 PgLPS1690 caused substantial inhibition of HDP-induced mast cell degranulation, but PgLPS1435/1449 had no effect. 28694291 0 56 theme X2-Mediated 66:76 arg1 Degranulation 88:100 Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation 27:100 Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation 27:100 Differential Regulation of Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation by Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptides and Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide. 28694291 7 57 theme mast 1241:1244 arg1 degranulation 1251:1263 HDP-induced mast cell degranulation 1229:1263 HDP-induced mast cell degranulation 1229:1263 PgLPS1690 caused substantial inhibition of HDP-induced mast cell degranulation, but PgLPS1435/1449 had no effect. 28694291 3 58 theme activation 628:637 arg1 mechanisms 608:617 the mechanisms 604:617 the mechanisms of their activation and regulation 604:652 Mast cells play an important role in periodontitis, but the mechanisms of their activation and regulation remain unknown. 28694291 5 59 located present 946:952 arg1 gingiva 964:970 normal gingiva 957:970 normal gingiva 957:970 We found that MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells are present in normal gingiva and that their numbers are elevated in patients with chronic periodontitis. 28694291 5 59 located present 946:952 arg2 cells 936:940 MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells 912:940 MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells 912:940 We found that MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells are present in normal gingiva and that their numbers are elevated in patients with chronic periodontitis. 28694291 2 60 theme lipid 415:419 arg1 composition 423:433 the lipid A composition 411:433 the lipid A composition of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the penta-acylated (PgLPS1690) to the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form 411:545 The virulence of P. gingivalis likely reflects an alteration in the lipid A composition of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the penta-acylated (PgLPS1690) to the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form. 28694291 0 61 theme Receptor 57:64 arg1 Degranulation 88:100 Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation 27:100 Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation 27:100 Differential Regulation of Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation by Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptides and Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide. 28694291 6 62 theme cell 1107:1110 arg1 line 1112:1115 human mast cell line 1096:1115 a human mast cell line (LAD2) 1094:1122 Furthermore, HDPs stimulated degranulation in a human mast cell line (LAD2) and in RBL-2H3 cells stably expressing MRGPRX2 (RBL-MRGPRX2). 28694291 6 62 theme cell 1107:1110 arg1 LAD2 1118:1121 LAD2 1118:1121 LAD2 1118:1121 Furthermore, HDPs stimulated degranulation in a human mast cell line (LAD2) and in RBL-2H3 cells stably expressing MRGPRX2 (RBL-MRGPRX2). 28694291 2 63 theme tetra-acylated 510:523 arg1 form 542:545 the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form 506:545 the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form 506:545 The virulence of P. gingivalis likely reflects an alteration in the lipid A composition of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the penta-acylated (PgLPS1690) to the tetra-acylated (PgLPS1435/1449) form. 28694291 5 64 theme normal 957:962 arg1 gingiva 964:970 normal gingiva 957:970 normal gingiva 957:970 We found that MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells are present in normal gingiva and that their numbers are elevated in patients with chronic periodontitis. 28694291 4 65 theme human 763:767 arg1 peptides 736:743 epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides 688:743 epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3) 688:781 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 4 65 theme human 763:767 arg1 β-defensin-3 769:780 human β-defensin-3 763:780 human β-defensin-3 763:780 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 4 66 theme receptor 844:851 arg1 X2 853:854 Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 814:854 Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) 814:864 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 4 66 theme receptor 844:851 arg1 MRGPRX2 857:863 MRGPRX2 857:863 MRGPRX2 857:863 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 4 67 link neutrophil-derived 704:721 arg1 defense 728:734 neutrophil-derived host defense 704:734 neutrophil-derived host defense 704:734 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 5 68 from present 946:952 arg1 gingiva 964:970 normal gingiva 957:970 normal gingiva 957:970 We found that MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells are present in normal gingiva and that their numbers are elevated in patients with chronic periodontitis. 28694291 9 69 theme gingival 1562:1569 arg1 homeostasis 1571:1581 gingival homeostasis 1562:1581 gingival homeostasis 1562:1581 These findings suggest that low-level inflammation induced by HDP/MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell degranulation contributes to gingival homeostasis but that sustained inflammation due to elevated levels of both HDPs and MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells promotes periodontal disease. 28694291 5 70 theme MRGPRX2-expressing 912:929 arg1 cells 936:940 MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells 912:940 MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells 912:940 We found that MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells are present in normal gingiva and that their numbers are elevated in patients with chronic periodontitis. 28694291 10 71 theme mast 1767:1770 arg1 degranulation 1777:1789 HDP-induced mast cell degranulation 1755:1789 HDP-induced mast cell degranulation 1755:1789 Furthermore, differential regulation of HDP-induced mast cell degranulation by PgLPS1690 and PgLPS1435/1449 may contribute to the modulation of disease progression. 28694291 4 72 theme protein-coupled 828:842 arg1 X2 853:854 Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 814:854 Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) 814:864 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 4 72 theme protein-coupled 828:842 arg1 MRGPRX2 857:863 MRGPRX2 857:863 MRGPRX2 857:863 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 10 73 theme HDP-induced 1755:1765 arg1 degranulation 1777:1789 HDP-induced mast cell degranulation 1755:1789 HDP-induced mast cell degranulation 1755:1789 Furthermore, differential regulation of HDP-induced mast cell degranulation by PgLPS1690 and PgLPS1435/1449 may contribute to the modulation of disease progression. 28694291 5 74 from gingiva 964:970 arg1 present 946:952 present 946:952 present 946:952 We found that MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells are present in normal gingiva and that their numbers are elevated in patients with chronic periodontitis. 28694291 0 75 theme Cell 83:86 arg1 Degranulation 88:100 Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation 27:100 Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation 27:100 Differential Regulation of Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation by Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptides and Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide. 28694291 8 76 theme labeled 1316:1322 arg1 FAM-LL-37 1329:1337 FAM-LL-37 1329:1337 FAM-LL-37 1329:1337 A fluorescently labeled HDP (FAM-LL-37) bound to RBL-MRGPRX2 cells, and PgLPS1690 inhibited this binding, but PgLPS1435/1449 had no effect. 28694291 8 76 theme labeled 1316:1322 arg1 HDP 1324:1326 A fluorescently labeled HDP 1300:1326 A fluorescently labeled HDP (FAM-LL-37) 1300:1338 A fluorescently labeled HDP (FAM-LL-37) bound to RBL-MRGPRX2 cells, and PgLPS1690 inhibited this binding, but PgLPS1435/1449 had no effect. 28694291 6 77 theme mast 1102:1105 arg1 line 1112:1115 human mast cell line 1096:1115 a human mast cell line (LAD2) 1094:1122 Furthermore, HDPs stimulated degranulation in a human mast cell line (LAD2) and in RBL-2H3 cells stably expressing MRGPRX2 (RBL-MRGPRX2). 28694291 6 77 theme mast 1102:1105 arg1 LAD2 1118:1121 LAD2 1118:1121 LAD2 1118:1121 Furthermore, HDPs stimulated degranulation in a human mast cell line (LAD2) and in RBL-2H3 cells stably expressing MRGPRX2 (RBL-MRGPRX2). 28694291 3 78 theme important 567:575 arg1 role 577:580 an important role 564:580 an important role 564:580 Mast cells play an important role in periodontitis, but the mechanisms of their activation and regulation remain unknown. 28694291 4 79 theme host 723:726 arg1 defense 728:734 neutrophil-derived host defense 704:734 neutrophil-derived host defense 704:734 The expression of epithelium- and neutrophil-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human β-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), is increased in periodontitis. 28694291 1 80 theme host-microbe 297:308 arg1 homeostasis 310:320 host-microbe homeostasis 297:320 host-microbe homeostasis 297:320 Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen that contributes to periodontal pathogenesis by disrupting host-microbe homeostasis and promoting dysbiosis. 28694291 0 81 theme Mast 78:81 arg1 Degranulation 88:100 Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation 27:100 Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation 27:100 Differential Regulation of Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation by Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptides and Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide. 28694291 9 82 theme HDPs 1646:1649 arg1 levels 1631:1636 elevated levels 1622:1636 elevated levels of both HDPs and MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells 1622:1683 These findings suggest that low-level inflammation induced by HDP/MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell degranulation contributes to gingival homeostasis but that sustained inflammation due to elevated levels of both HDPs and MRGPRX2-expressing mast cells promotes periodontal disease. 28694291 1 83 theme Porphyromonas 190:202 arg1 pathogen 229:236 a keystone pathogen 218:236 a keystone pathogen that contributes to periodontal pathogenesis by disrupting host-microbe homeostasis and promoting dysbiosis 218:344 Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen that contributes to periodontal pathogenesis by disrupting host-microbe homeostasis and promoting dysbiosis. 28694291 1 83 theme Porphyromonas 190:202 arg1 gingivalis 204:213 Porphyromonas gingivalis 190:213 Porphyromonas gingivalis 190:213 Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen that contributes to periodontal pathogenesis by disrupting host-microbe homeostasis and promoting dysbiosis. 28694291 7 84 theme cell 1246:1249 arg1 degranulation 1251:1263 HDP-induced mast cell degranulation 1229:1263 HDP-induced mast cell degranulation 1229:1263 PgLPS1690 caused substantial inhibition of HDP-induced mast cell degranulation, but PgLPS1435/1449 had no effect. 24627495 8 0 theme new 1486:1488 arg1 paradigm 1501:1508 a new functional paradigm 1484:1508 a new functional paradigm in which Golgi-localized MAN1B1 can play a mannosidase-independent gatekeeper role in the proteostasis network of higher eukaryotes 1484:1640 Together, these findings define a new functional paradigm in which Golgi-localized MAN1B1 can play a mannosidase-independent gatekeeper role in the proteostasis network of higher eukaryotes. 24627495 6 1 theme evidence 1077:1084 arg1 lines 1055:1059 Multiple lines 1046:1059 Multiple lines of experimental evidence 1046:1084 Multiple lines of experimental evidence support a model in which neither the mannosidase activity nor catalytic domain is essential for the retention or degradation of the misfolded ERAD substrate Null Hong Kong. 24627495 0 2 theme biosynthetic 88:99 arg1 control 109:115 protein biosynthetic quality control 80:115 protein biosynthetic quality control 80:115 A Golgi-localized mannosidase (MAN1B1) plays a non-enzymatic gatekeeper role in protein biosynthetic quality control. 24627495 4 3 theme subsequent 862:871 arg1 degradation 873:883 subsequent degradation 862:883 subsequent degradation 862:883 However, we recently discovered that MAN1B1 localizes to the Golgi complex in human cells and uncovered its participation in ERAD substrate retention, retrieval to the ER, and subsequent degradation from this organelle. 24627495 8 4 theme eukaryotes 1631:1640 arg1 network 1613:1619 the proteostasis network 1596:1619 the proteostasis network of higher eukaryotes 1596:1640 Together, these findings define a new functional paradigm in which Golgi-localized MAN1B1 can play a mannosidase-independent gatekeeper role in the proteostasis network of higher eukaryotes. 24627495 3 5 theme ortholog 564:571 arg1 Mns1p 573:577 the yeast ortholog Mns1p 554:577 the yeast ortholog Mns1p 554:577 The suspected role for the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1, also known as ER mannosidase I, is to function within the ER similar to the yeast ortholog Mns1p, which removes a terminal mannose unit to initiate a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal. 24627495 0 6 theme protein 80:86 arg1 control 109:115 protein biosynthetic quality control 80:115 protein biosynthetic quality control 80:115 A Golgi-localized mannosidase (MAN1B1) plays a non-enzymatic gatekeeper role in protein biosynthetic quality control. 24627495 8 7 theme Golgi-localized 1519:1533 arg1 MAN1B1 1535:1540 Golgi-localized MAN1B1 1519:1540 Golgi-localized MAN1B1 1519:1540 Together, these findings define a new functional paradigm in which Golgi-localized MAN1B1 can play a mannosidase-independent gatekeeper role in the proteostasis network of higher eukaryotes. 24627495 8 8 theme mannosidase-independent 1553:1575 arg1 role 1588:1591 a mannosidase-independent gatekeeper role 1551:1591 a mannosidase-independent gatekeeper role 1551:1591 Together, these findings define a new functional paradigm in which Golgi-localized MAN1B1 can play a mannosidase-independent gatekeeper role in the proteostasis network of higher eukaryotes. 24627495 6 9 dep retention 1186:1194 arg1 the 1182:1184 the 1182:1184 the 1182:1184 Multiple lines of experimental evidence support a model in which neither the mannosidase activity nor catalytic domain is essential for the retention or degradation of the misfolded ERAD substrate Null Hong Kong. 24627495 6 10 theme Kong 1253:1256 arg1 degradation 1199:1209 degradation 1199:1209 degradation 1199:1209 Multiple lines of experimental evidence support a model in which neither the mannosidase activity nor catalytic domain is essential for the retention or degradation of the misfolded ERAD substrate Null Hong Kong. 24627495 6 10 theme Kong 1253:1256 arg1 retention 1186:1194 retention 1186:1194 retention 1186:1194 Multiple lines of experimental evidence support a model in which neither the mannosidase activity nor catalytic domain is essential for the retention or degradation of the misfolded ERAD substrate Null Hong Kong. 24627495 1 11 theme structure 186:194 arg1 level 169:173 the level 165:173 the level of protein structure 165:194 Conformation-based disorders are manifested at the level of protein structure, necessitating an accurate understanding of how misfolded proteins are processed by the cellular proteostasis network. 24627495 6 12 theme experimental 1064:1075 arg1 evidence 1077:1084 experimental evidence 1064:1084 experimental evidence 1064:1084 Multiple lines of experimental evidence support a model in which neither the mannosidase activity nor catalytic domain is essential for the retention or degradation of the misfolded ERAD substrate Null Hong Kong. 24627495 0 13 theme quality 101:107 arg1 control 109:115 protein biosynthetic quality control 80:115 protein biosynthetic quality control 80:115 A Golgi-localized mannosidase (MAN1B1) plays a non-enzymatic gatekeeper role in protein biosynthetic quality control. 24627495 7 14 theme Kong 1446:1449 arg1 fate 1414:1417 the fate 1410:1417 the fate of overexpressed Null Hong Kong 1410:1449 Instead, a highly conserved, vertebrate-specific non-enzymatic decapeptide sequence in the luminal stem domain plays a significant role in controlling the fate of overexpressed Null Hong Kong. 24627495 3 15 theme similar 543:549 arg1 ER 540:541 the ER 536:541 the ER similar to the yeast ortholog Mns1p, which removes a terminal mannose unit to initiate a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal 536:683 The suspected role for the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1, also known as ER mannosidase I, is to function within the ER similar to the yeast ortholog Mns1p, which removes a terminal mannose unit to initiate a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal. 24627495 1 16 theme protein 178:184 arg1 structure 186:194 protein structure 178:194 protein structure 178:194 Conformation-based disorders are manifested at the level of protein structure, necessitating an accurate understanding of how misfolded proteins are processed by the cellular proteostasis network. 24627495 0 17 theme Golgi-localized 2:16 arg1 mannosidase 18:28 A Golgi-localized mannosidase 0:28 A Golgi-localized mannosidase (MAN1B1) 0:37 A Golgi-localized mannosidase (MAN1B1) plays a non-enzymatic gatekeeper role in protein biosynthetic quality control. 24627495 0 17 theme Golgi-localized 2:16 arg1 MAN1B1 31:36 MAN1B1 31:36 MAN1B1 31:36 A Golgi-localized mannosidase (MAN1B1) plays a non-enzymatic gatekeeper role in protein biosynthetic quality control. 24627495 6 18 theme catalytic 1148:1156 arg1 domain 1158:1163 catalytic domain 1148:1163 catalytic domain 1148:1163 Multiple lines of experimental evidence support a model in which neither the mannosidase activity nor catalytic domain is essential for the retention or degradation of the misfolded ERAD substrate Null Hong Kong. 24627495 5 19 theme MAN1B1 989:994 arg1 contribution 973:984 the contribution 969:984 the contribution of MAN1B1 969:994 The objective of the current study was to further characterize the contribution of MAN1B1 as part of a Golgi-based quality control network. 24627495 2 20 theme important 353:361 arg1 roles 363:367 important roles 353:367 important roles 353:367 Asparagine-linked glycosylation plays important roles for protein quality control within the secretory pathway. 24627495 6 21 from essential 1168:1176 arg1 model 1096:1100 a model 1094:1100 a model in which neither the mannosidase activity nor catalytic domain is essential for the retention or degradation of the misfolded ERAD substrate Null Hong Kong 1094:1256 Multiple lines of experimental evidence support a model in which neither the mannosidase activity nor catalytic domain is essential for the retention or degradation of the misfolded ERAD substrate Null Hong Kong. 24627495 3 22 theme gene 461:464 arg1 MAN1B1 474:479 the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1 450:479 the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1 450:479 The suspected role for the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1, also known as ER mannosidase I, is to function within the ER similar to the yeast ortholog Mns1p, which removes a terminal mannose unit to initiate a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal. 24627495 3 23 theme suspected 431:439 arg1 role 441:444 The suspected role 427:444 The suspected role 427:444 The suspected role for the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1, also known as ER mannosidase I, is to function within the ER similar to the yeast ortholog Mns1p, which removes a terminal mannose unit to initiate a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal. 24627495 1 24 theme cellular 284:291 arg1 network 306:312 the cellular proteostasis network 280:312 the cellular proteostasis network 280:312 Conformation-based disorders are manifested at the level of protein structure, necessitating an accurate understanding of how misfolded proteins are processed by the cellular proteostasis network. 24627495 5 25 theme quality 1021:1027 arg1 network 1037:1043 a Golgi-based quality control network 1007:1043 a Golgi-based quality control network 1007:1043 The objective of the current study was to further characterize the contribution of MAN1B1 as part of a Golgi-based quality control network. 24627495 3 26 theme product 466:472 arg1 MAN1B1 474:479 the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1 450:479 the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1 450:479 The suspected role for the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1, also known as ER mannosidase I, is to function within the ER similar to the yeast ortholog Mns1p, which removes a terminal mannose unit to initiate a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal. 24627495 1 27 theme proteostasis 293:304 arg1 network 306:312 the cellular proteostasis network 280:312 the cellular proteostasis network 280:312 Conformation-based disorders are manifested at the level of protein structure, necessitating an accurate understanding of how misfolded proteins are processed by the cellular proteostasis network. 24627495 5 28 theme Golgi-based 1009:1019 arg1 network 1037:1043 a Golgi-based quality control network 1007:1043 a Golgi-based quality control network 1007:1043 The objective of the current study was to further characterize the contribution of MAN1B1 as part of a Golgi-based quality control network. 24627495 3 29 theme yeast 558:562 arg1 Mns1p 573:577 the yeast ortholog Mns1p 554:577 the yeast ortholog Mns1p 554:577 The suspected role for the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1, also known as ER mannosidase I, is to function within the ER similar to the yeast ortholog Mns1p, which removes a terminal mannose unit to initiate a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal. 24627495 7 30 theme significant 1378:1388 arg1 role 1390:1393 a significant role 1376:1393 a significant role 1376:1393 Instead, a highly conserved, vertebrate-specific non-enzymatic decapeptide sequence in the luminal stem domain plays a significant role in controlling the fate of overexpressed Null Hong Kong. 24627495 5 31 theme current 927:933 arg1 study 935:939 the current study 923:939 the current study 923:939 The objective of the current study was to further characterize the contribution of MAN1B1 as part of a Golgi-based quality control network. 24627495 8 32 theme gatekeeper 1577:1586 arg1 role 1588:1591 a mannosidase-independent gatekeeper role 1551:1591 a mannosidase-independent gatekeeper role 1551:1591 Together, these findings define a new functional paradigm in which Golgi-localized MAN1B1 can play a mannosidase-independent gatekeeper role in the proteostasis network of higher eukaryotes. 24627495 3 33 theme ER-associated 645:657 arg1 ERAD 672:675 ERAD 672:675 ERAD 672:675 The suspected role for the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1, also known as ER mannosidase I, is to function within the ER similar to the yeast ortholog Mns1p, which removes a terminal mannose unit to initiate a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal. 24627495 3 33 theme ER-associated 645:657 arg1 degradation 659:669 a glycan-based ER-associated degradation 630:669 a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal 630:683 The suspected role for the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1, also known as ER mannosidase I, is to function within the ER similar to the yeast ortholog Mns1p, which removes a terminal mannose unit to initiate a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal. 24627495 2 34 theme Asparagine-linked 315:331 arg1 glycosylation 333:345 Asparagine-linked glycosylation 315:345 Asparagine-linked glycosylation 315:345 Asparagine-linked glycosylation plays important roles for protein quality control within the secretory pathway. 24627495 3 35 theme ER 496:497 arg1 mannosidase 499:509 ER mannosidase I 496:511 ER mannosidase I 496:511 The suspected role for the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1, also known as ER mannosidase I, is to function within the ER similar to the yeast ortholog Mns1p, which removes a terminal mannose unit to initiate a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal. 24627495 2 36 theme protein 373:379 arg1 control 389:395 protein quality control 373:395 protein quality control within the secretory pathway 373:424 Asparagine-linked glycosylation plays important roles for protein quality control within the secretory pathway. 24627495 3 37 theme degradation 659:669 arg1 signal 678:683 a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal 630:683 a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal 630:683 The suspected role for the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1, also known as ER mannosidase I, is to function within the ER similar to the yeast ortholog Mns1p, which removes a terminal mannose unit to initiate a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal. 24627495 4 38 theme ERAD 811:814 arg1 retention 826:834 ERAD substrate retention 811:834 ERAD substrate retention 811:834 However, we recently discovered that MAN1B1 localizes to the Golgi complex in human cells and uncovered its participation in ERAD substrate retention, retrieval to the ER, and subsequent degradation from this organelle. 24627495 6 39 theme Multiple 1046:1053 arg1 lines 1055:1059 Multiple lines 1046:1059 Multiple lines of experimental evidence 1046:1084 Multiple lines of experimental evidence support a model in which neither the mannosidase activity nor catalytic domain is essential for the retention or degradation of the misfolded ERAD substrate Null Hong Kong. 24627495 1 40 theme accurate 214:221 arg1 understanding 223:235 an accurate understanding 211:235 an accurate understanding of how misfolded proteins are processed by the cellular proteostasis network 211:312 Conformation-based disorders are manifested at the level of protein structure, necessitating an accurate understanding of how misfolded proteins are processed by the cellular proteostasis network. 24627495 3 41 theme MAN1B1 454:459 arg1 MAN1B1 474:479 the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1 450:479 the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1 450:479 The suspected role for the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1, also known as ER mannosidase I, is to function within the ER similar to the yeast ortholog Mns1p, which removes a terminal mannose unit to initiate a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal. 24627495 3 42 theme terminal 596:603 arg1 unit 613:616 a terminal mannose unit 594:616 a terminal mannose unit to initiate a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal 594:683 The suspected role for the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1, also known as ER mannosidase I, is to function within the ER similar to the yeast ortholog Mns1p, which removes a terminal mannose unit to initiate a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal. 24627495 7 43 theme conserved 1277:1285 arg1 sequence 1334:1341 a highly conserved, vertebrate-specific non-enzymatic decapeptide sequence 1268:1341 a highly conserved, vertebrate-specific non-enzymatic decapeptide sequence in the luminal stem domain 1268:1368 Instead, a highly conserved, vertebrate-specific non-enzymatic decapeptide sequence in the luminal stem domain plays a significant role in controlling the fate of overexpressed Null Hong Kong. 24627495 2 44 link Asparagine-linked 315:331 arg1 glycosylation 333:345 Asparagine-linked glycosylation 315:345 Asparagine-linked glycosylation 315:345 Asparagine-linked glycosylation plays important roles for protein quality control within the secretory pathway. 24627495 3 45 theme glycan-based 632:643 arg1 ERAD 672:675 ERAD 672:675 ERAD 672:675 The suspected role for the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1, also known as ER mannosidase I, is to function within the ER similar to the yeast ortholog Mns1p, which removes a terminal mannose unit to initiate a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal. 24627495 3 45 theme glycan-based 632:643 arg1 degradation 659:669 a glycan-based ER-associated degradation 630:669 a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal 630:683 The suspected role for the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1, also known as ER mannosidase I, is to function within the ER similar to the yeast ortholog Mns1p, which removes a terminal mannose unit to initiate a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal. 24627495 8 46 theme functional 1490:1499 arg1 paradigm 1501:1508 a new functional paradigm 1484:1508 a new functional paradigm in which Golgi-localized MAN1B1 can play a mannosidase-independent gatekeeper role in the proteostasis network of higher eukaryotes 1484:1640 Together, these findings define a new functional paradigm in which Golgi-localized MAN1B1 can play a mannosidase-independent gatekeeper role in the proteostasis network of higher eukaryotes. 24627495 2 47 theme quality 381:387 arg1 control 389:395 protein quality control 373:395 protein quality control within the secretory pathway 373:424 Asparagine-linked glycosylation plays important roles for protein quality control within the secretory pathway. 24627495 5 48 theme study 935:939 arg1 objective 910:918 The objective 906:918 The objective of the current study 906:939 The objective of the current study was to further characterize the contribution of MAN1B1 as part of a Golgi-based quality control network. 24627495 8 49 theme proteostasis 1600:1611 arg1 network 1613:1619 the proteostasis network 1596:1619 the proteostasis network of higher eukaryotes 1596:1640 Together, these findings define a new functional paradigm in which Golgi-localized MAN1B1 can play a mannosidase-independent gatekeeper role in the proteostasis network of higher eukaryotes. 24627495 7 50 theme decapeptide 1322:1332 arg1 sequence 1334:1341 a highly conserved, vertebrate-specific non-enzymatic decapeptide sequence 1268:1341 a highly conserved, vertebrate-specific non-enzymatic decapeptide sequence in the luminal stem domain 1268:1368 Instead, a highly conserved, vertebrate-specific non-enzymatic decapeptide sequence in the luminal stem domain plays a significant role in controlling the fate of overexpressed Null Hong Kong. 24627495 4 51 from organelle 895:903 arg1 participation 794:806 its participation 790:806 its participation in ERAD substrate retention, retrieval to the ER, and subsequent degradation from this organelle 790:903 However, we recently discovered that MAN1B1 localizes to the Golgi complex in human cells and uncovered its participation in ERAD substrate retention, retrieval to the ER, and subsequent degradation from this organelle. 24627495 4 52 theme substrate 816:824 arg1 retention 826:834 ERAD substrate retention 811:834 ERAD substrate retention 811:834 However, we recently discovered that MAN1B1 localizes to the Golgi complex in human cells and uncovered its participation in ERAD substrate retention, retrieval to the ER, and subsequent degradation from this organelle. 24627495 1 53 theme Conformation-based 118:135 arg1 disorders 137:145 Conformation-based disorders 118:145 Conformation-based disorders 118:145 Conformation-based disorders are manifested at the level of protein structure, necessitating an accurate understanding of how misfolded proteins are processed by the cellular proteostasis network. 24627495 5 54 theme control 1029:1035 arg1 network 1037:1043 a Golgi-based quality control network 1007:1043 a Golgi-based quality control network 1007:1043 The objective of the current study was to further characterize the contribution of MAN1B1 as part of a Golgi-based quality control network. 24627495 7 55 theme stem 1358:1361 arg1 domain 1363:1368 the luminal stem domain 1346:1368 the luminal stem domain 1346:1368 Instead, a highly conserved, vertebrate-specific non-enzymatic decapeptide sequence in the luminal stem domain plays a significant role in controlling the fate of overexpressed Null Hong Kong. 24627495 4 56 theme Golgi 747:751 arg1 complex 753:759 the Golgi complex 743:759 the Golgi complex 743:759 However, we recently discovered that MAN1B1 localizes to the Golgi complex in human cells and uncovered its participation in ERAD substrate retention, retrieval to the ER, and subsequent degradation from this organelle. 24627495 4 57 theme human 764:768 arg1 cells 770:774 human cells 764:774 human cells 764:774 However, we recently discovered that MAN1B1 localizes to the Golgi complex in human cells and uncovered its participation in ERAD substrate retention, retrieval to the ER, and subsequent degradation from this organelle. 24627495 5 58 theme network 1037:1043 arg1 part 999:1002 part 999:1002 part of a Golgi-based quality control network 999:1043 The objective of the current study was to further characterize the contribution of MAN1B1 as part of a Golgi-based quality control network. 24627495 7 59 dep conserved 1277:1285 arg1 vertebrate-specific 1288:1306 vertebrate-specific 1288:1306 vertebrate-specific 1288:1306 Instead, a highly conserved, vertebrate-specific non-enzymatic decapeptide sequence in the luminal stem domain plays a significant role in controlling the fate of overexpressed Null Hong Kong. 24627495 4 60 from participation 794:806 arg1 degradation 873:883 subsequent degradation 862:883 subsequent degradation 862:883 However, we recently discovered that MAN1B1 localizes to the Golgi complex in human cells and uncovered its participation in ERAD substrate retention, retrieval to the ER, and subsequent degradation from this organelle. 24627495 4 60 from participation 794:806 arg1 retrieval 837:845 retrieval 837:845 retrieval to the ER 837:855 However, we recently discovered that MAN1B1 localizes to the Golgi complex in human cells and uncovered its participation in ERAD substrate retention, retrieval to the ER, and subsequent degradation from this organelle. 24627495 4 60 from participation 794:806 arg1 retention 826:834 ERAD substrate retention 811:834 ERAD substrate retention 811:834 However, we recently discovered that MAN1B1 localizes to the Golgi complex in human cells and uncovered its participation in ERAD substrate retention, retrieval to the ER, and subsequent degradation from this organelle. 24627495 7 61 theme non-enzymatic 1308:1320 arg1 sequence 1334:1341 a highly conserved, vertebrate-specific non-enzymatic decapeptide sequence 1268:1341 a highly conserved, vertebrate-specific non-enzymatic decapeptide sequence in the luminal stem domain 1268:1368 Instead, a highly conserved, vertebrate-specific non-enzymatic decapeptide sequence in the luminal stem domain plays a significant role in controlling the fate of overexpressed Null Hong Kong. 24627495 0 62 theme gatekeeper 61:70 arg1 role 72:75 a non-enzymatic gatekeeper role 45:75 a non-enzymatic gatekeeper role 45:75 A Golgi-localized mannosidase (MAN1B1) plays a non-enzymatic gatekeeper role in protein biosynthetic quality control. 24627495 3 63 theme mannose 605:611 arg1 unit 613:616 a terminal mannose unit 594:616 a terminal mannose unit to initiate a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal 594:683 The suspected role for the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1, also known as ER mannosidase I, is to function within the ER similar to the yeast ortholog Mns1p, which removes a terminal mannose unit to initiate a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal. 24627495 7 64 from sequence 1334:1341 arg1 domain 1363:1368 the luminal stem domain 1346:1368 the luminal stem domain 1346:1368 Instead, a highly conserved, vertebrate-specific non-enzymatic decapeptide sequence in the luminal stem domain plays a significant role in controlling the fate of overexpressed Null Hong Kong. 24627495 2 65 theme secretory 408:416 arg1 pathway 418:424 the secretory pathway 404:424 the secretory pathway 404:424 Asparagine-linked glycosylation plays important roles for protein quality control within the secretory pathway. 24627495 1 66 theme misfolded 244:252 arg1 proteins 254:261 misfolded proteins 244:261 misfolded proteins 244:261 Conformation-based disorders are manifested at the level of protein structure, necessitating an accurate understanding of how misfolded proteins are processed by the cellular proteostasis network. 24627495 0 67 theme non-enzymatic 47:59 arg1 role 72:75 a non-enzymatic gatekeeper role 45:75 a non-enzymatic gatekeeper role 45:75 A Golgi-localized mannosidase (MAN1B1) plays a non-enzymatic gatekeeper role in protein biosynthetic quality control. 24627495 6 68 theme mannosidase 1123:1133 arg1 essential 1168:1176 essential 1168:1176 essential 1168:1176 Multiple lines of experimental evidence support a model in which neither the mannosidase activity nor catalytic domain is essential for the retention or degradation of the misfolded ERAD substrate Null Hong Kong. 24627495 6 68 theme mannosidase 1123:1133 arg1 activity 1135:1142 the mannosidase activity 1119:1142 the mannosidase activity 1119:1142 Multiple lines of experimental evidence support a model in which neither the mannosidase activity nor catalytic domain is essential for the retention or degradation of the misfolded ERAD substrate Null Hong Kong. 24627495 7 69 theme luminal 1350:1356 arg1 domain 1363:1368 the luminal stem domain 1346:1368 the luminal stem domain 1346:1368 Instead, a highly conserved, vertebrate-specific non-enzymatic decapeptide sequence in the luminal stem domain plays a significant role in controlling the fate of overexpressed Null Hong Kong. 24627495 6 70 from model 1096:1100 arg1 essential 1168:1176 essential 1168:1176 essential 1168:1176 Multiple lines of experimental evidence support a model in which neither the mannosidase activity nor catalytic domain is essential for the retention or degradation of the misfolded ERAD substrate Null Hong Kong. 24627495 6 70 from model 1096:1100 arg1 activity 1135:1142 the mannosidase activity 1119:1142 the mannosidase activity 1119:1142 Multiple lines of experimental evidence support a model in which neither the mannosidase activity nor catalytic domain is essential for the retention or degradation of the misfolded ERAD substrate Null Hong Kong. 24627495 8 71 theme higher 1624:1629 arg1 eukaryotes 1631:1640 higher eukaryotes 1624:1640 higher eukaryotes 1624:1640 Together, these findings define a new functional paradigm in which Golgi-localized MAN1B1 can play a mannosidase-independent gatekeeper role in the proteostasis network of higher eukaryotes. 27902310 7 0 theme phenotypic 1133:1142 arg1 data 1158:1161 the phenotypic and genotypic data 1129:1161 the phenotypic and genotypic data 1129:1161 Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data, it is proposed that the two isolates represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus silvae sp. 27902310 5 1 theme predominant 807:817 arg1 quinone 830:836 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 803:836 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 803:836 Strain DB13031T contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 27902310 5 1 theme predominant 807:817 arg1 menaquinone-7 779:791 menaquinone-7 779:791 menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 779:798 Strain DB13031T contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 27902310 7 2 theme genotypic 1148:1156 arg1 data 1158:1161 the phenotypic and genotypic data 1129:1161 the phenotypic and genotypic data 1129:1161 Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data, it is proposed that the two isolates represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus silvae sp. 27902310 2 3 dep China 267:271 arg1 PR 264:265 Hainan, PR China 256:271 PR 264:265 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 4 4 theme species 717:723 arg1 values 642:647 The DNA-DNA hybridization values 616:647 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain DB13031T 616:671 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain DB13031T and the type strains of its closest related species were 48.2, 38.1 and 43.5 %. 27902310 4 4 theme species 717:723 arg1 % 750:750 48.2, 38.1 and 43.5 % 730:750 48.2, 38.1 and 43.5 % 730:750 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain DB13031T and the type strains of its closest related species were 48.2, 38.1 and 43.5 %. 27902310 4 4 theme species 717:723 arg1 strains 686:692 the type strains 677:692 the type strains of its closest related species 677:723 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain DB13031T and the type strains of its closest related species were 48.2, 38.1 and 43.5 %. 27902310 9 5 theme =CGMCC 1346:1351 arg1 28013T 1366:1371 =CGMCC 1.12770T=DSM 28013T 1346:1371 =CGMCC 1.12770T=DSM 28013T 1346:1371 The type strain is DB13031T (=CGMCC 1.12770T=DSM 28013T). 27902310 9 5 theme =CGMCC 1346:1351 arg1 DB13031T 1336:1343 DB13031T 1336:1343 DB13031T (=CGMCC 1.12770T=DSM 28013T) 1336:1372 The type strain is DB13031T (=CGMCC 1.12770T=DSM 28013T). 27902310 6 6 theme lipid 986:990 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1006:1027 diphosphatidylglycerol 1006:1027 diphosphatidylglycerol 1006:1027 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the A1γ type and the major polar lipid profiles were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown aminophospholipids and four unknown phospholipids. 27902310 6 6 theme lipid 986:990 arg1 profiles 992:999 the major polar lipid profiles 970:999 the major polar lipid profiles 970:999 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the A1γ type and the major polar lipid profiles were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown aminophospholipids and four unknown phospholipids. 27902310 6 7 theme major 974:978 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1006:1027 diphosphatidylglycerol 1006:1027 diphosphatidylglycerol 1006:1027 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the A1γ type and the major polar lipid profiles were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown aminophospholipids and four unknown phospholipids. 27902310 6 7 theme major 974:978 arg1 profiles 992:999 the major polar lipid profiles 970:999 the major polar lipid profiles 970:999 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the A1γ type and the major polar lipid profiles were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown aminophospholipids and four unknown phospholipids. 27902310 6 8 theme polar 980:984 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1006:1027 diphosphatidylglycerol 1006:1027 diphosphatidylglycerol 1006:1027 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the A1γ type and the major polar lipid profiles were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown aminophospholipids and four unknown phospholipids. 27902310 6 8 theme polar 980:984 arg1 profiles 992:999 the major polar lipid profiles 970:999 the major polar lipid profiles 970:999 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the A1γ type and the major polar lipid profiles were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown aminophospholipids and four unknown phospholipids. 27902310 2 9 dep Gram-stain-positive 77:95 arg1 aerobic 112:118 aerobic 112:118 aerobic 112:118 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 4 10 theme related 709:715 arg1 species 717:723 its closest related species 697:723 its closest related species 697:723 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain DB13031T and the type strains of its closest related species were 48.2, 38.1 and 43.5 %. 27902310 5 11 theme major 890:894 arg1 acids 911:915 the major cellular fatty acids 886:915 the major cellular fatty acids 886:915 Strain DB13031T contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 27902310 9 12 theme type 1321:1324 arg1 DB13031T 1336:1343 DB13031T 1336:1343 DB13031T (=CGMCC 1.12770T=DSM 28013T) 1336:1372 The type strain is DB13031T (=CGMCC 1.12770T=DSM 28013T). 27902310 9 12 theme type 1321:1324 arg1 strain 1326:1331 The type strain 1317:1331 The type strain 1317:1331 The type strain is DB13031T (=CGMCC 1.12770T=DSM 28013T). 27902310 6 13 theme unknown 1061:1067 arg1 aminophospholipids 1069:1086 four unknown aminophospholipids 1056:1086 four unknown aminophospholipids 1056:1086 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the A1γ type and the major polar lipid profiles were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown aminophospholipids and four unknown phospholipids. 27902310 4 14 theme closest 701:707 arg1 species 717:723 its closest related species 697:723 its closest related species 697:723 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain DB13031T and the type strains of its closest related species were 48.2, 38.1 and 43.5 %. 27902310 1 15 theme tropical 47:54 arg1 soil 67:70 a tropical rainforest soil 45:70 a tropical rainforest soil 45:70 nov., isolated from a tropical rainforest soil. 27902310 2 16 from soil 220:223 arg1 China 267:271 Hainan, PR China 256:271 China 267:271 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 1 17 theme rainforest 56:65 arg1 soil 67:70 a tropical rainforest soil 45:70 a tropical rainforest soil 45:70 nov., isolated from a tropical rainforest soil. 27902310 2 18 attach isolated 202:209 arg2 bacteria 154:161 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria 73:161 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria 73:161 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 2 18 attach isolated 202:209 arg2 DB13311 188:194 DB13311 188:194 DB13311 188:194 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 2 18 attach isolated 202:209 arg1 soil 220:223 the soil 216:223 the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China 216:271 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 2 18 attach isolated 202:209 arg2 DB13031T 175:182 designated DB13031T 164:182 designated DB13031T 164:182 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 2 19 theme rod-shaped 143:152 arg1 DB13311 188:194 DB13311 188:194 DB13311 188:194 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 2 19 theme rod-shaped 143:152 arg1 bacteria 154:161 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria 73:161 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria 73:161 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 2 19 theme rod-shaped 143:152 arg1 DB13031T 175:182 designated DB13031T 164:182 designated DB13031T 164:182 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 2 20 theme Hainan 256:261 arg1 China 267:271 Hainan, PR China 256:271 China 267:271 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 3 21 theme Paenibacillus 414:426 arg1 AP-115T 436:442 Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T 414:442 Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively) 414:474 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 showed that they fell within the Paenibacillus cluster, with highest similarities to Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively), Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) and Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively). 27902310 0 22 theme silvae 14:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Paenibacillus silvae sp 0:22 Paenibacillus silvae sp. 0:23 Paenibacillus silvae sp. 27902310 5 23 theme cellular 896:903 arg1 acids 911:915 the major cellular fatty acids 886:915 the major cellular fatty acids 886:915 Strain DB13031T contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 27902310 3 24 theme highest 390:396 arg1 similarities 398:409 highest similarities 390:409 highest similarities to Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively), Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) and Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively) 390:613 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 showed that they fell within the Paenibacillus cluster, with highest similarities to Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively), Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) and Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively). 27902310 0 25 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 21:22 Paenibacillus silvae sp 0:22 Paenibacillus silvae sp. 0:23 Paenibacillus silvae sp. 27902310 3 26 dep AP-115T 436:442 arg1 % 459:459 98.4 and 98.3 % 445:459 98.4 and 98.3 % 445:459 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 showed that they fell within the Paenibacillus cluster, with highest similarities to Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively), Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) and Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively). 27902310 5 27 contain contained 769:777 arg1 DB13031T 760:767 Strain DB13031T 753:767 Strain DB13031T 753:767 Strain DB13031T contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 27902310 5 27 contain contained 769:777 arg2 quinone 830:836 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 803:836 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 803:836 Strain DB13031T contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 27902310 5 27 contain contained 769:777 arg2 MK-7 794:797 MK-7 794:797 MK-7 794:797 Strain DB13031T contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 27902310 5 27 contain contained 769:777 arg2 menaquinone-7 779:791 menaquinone-7 779:791 menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 779:798 Strain DB13031T contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 27902310 4 28 theme type 681:684 arg1 % 750:750 48.2, 38.1 and 43.5 % 730:750 48.2, 38.1 and 43.5 % 730:750 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain DB13031T and the type strains of its closest related species were 48.2, 38.1 and 43.5 %. 27902310 4 28 theme type 681:684 arg1 strains 686:692 the type strains 677:692 the type strains of its closest related species 677:723 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain DB13031T and the type strains of its closest related species were 48.2, 38.1 and 43.5 %. 27902310 6 29 theme A1γ 957:959 arg1 type 961:964 the A1γ type 953:964 the A1γ type 953:964 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the A1γ type and the major polar lipid profiles were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown aminophospholipids and four unknown phospholipids. 27902310 2 30 theme Nature 238:243 arg1 Reserve 245:251 the Jiaxi Nature Reserve 228:251 the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China 228:271 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 7 31 theme Paenibacillus 1274:1286 arg1 sp 1295:1296 the name Paenibacillus silvae sp 1265:1296 the name Paenibacillus silvae sp 1265:1296 Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data, it is proposed that the two isolates represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus silvae sp. 27902310 7 32 theme novel 1213:1217 arg1 species 1219:1225 a novel species 1211:1225 a novel species 1211:1225 Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data, it is proposed that the two isolates represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus silvae sp. 27902310 5 33 theme Strain 753:758 arg1 DB13031T 760:767 Strain DB13031T 753:767 Strain DB13031T 753:767 Strain DB13031T contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 27902310 3 34 theme barcinonensis 491:503 arg1 BP-23T 505:510 Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T 477:510 Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) 477:542 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 showed that they fell within the Paenibacillus cluster, with highest similarities to Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively), Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) and Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively). 27902310 3 35 dep L10T 578:581 arg1 % 598:598 97.7 and 97.7 % 584:598 97.7 and 97.7 % 584:598 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 showed that they fell within the Paenibacillus cluster, with highest similarities to Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively), Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) and Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively). 27902310 4 36 theme strain 657:662 arg1 DB13031T 664:671 strain DB13031T 657:671 strain DB13031T 657:671 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain DB13031T and the type strains of its closest related species were 48.2, 38.1 and 43.5 %. 27902310 3 37 dep strains 300:306 arg1 strains 300:306 strains DB13031T and DB13311 300:327 strains DB13031T and DB13311 300:327 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 showed that they fell within the Paenibacillus cluster, with highest similarities to Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively), Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) and Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively). 27902310 3 37 dep strains 300:306 arg1 DB13311 321:327 DB13311 321:327 DB13311 321:327 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 showed that they fell within the Paenibacillus cluster, with highest similarities to Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively), Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) and Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively). 27902310 3 37 dep strains 300:306 arg1 DB13031T 308:315 DB13031T 308:315 DB13031T 308:315 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 showed that they fell within the Paenibacillus cluster, with highest similarities to Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively), Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) and Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively). 27902310 7 38 theme silvae 1288:1293 arg1 sp 1295:1296 the name Paenibacillus silvae sp 1265:1296 the name Paenibacillus silvae sp 1265:1296 Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data, it is proposed that the two isolates represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus silvae sp. 27902310 2 39 from Reserve 245:251 arg1 China 267:271 Hainan, PR China 256:271 China 267:271 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 3 40 theme cucumis 428:434 arg1 AP-115T 436:442 Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T 414:442 Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively) 414:474 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 showed that they fell within the Paenibacillus cluster, with highest similarities to Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively), Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) and Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively). 27902310 7 41 theme genus 1234:1238 arg1 species 1219:1225 a novel species 1211:1225 a novel species 1211:1225 Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data, it is proposed that the two isolates represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus silvae sp. 27902310 3 42 theme Paenibacillus 548:560 arg1 L10T 578:581 Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T 548:581 Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively) 548:613 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 showed that they fell within the Paenibacillus cluster, with highest similarities to Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively), Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) and Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively). 27902310 3 43 theme Paenibacillus 362:374 arg1 cluster 376:382 the Paenibacillus cluster 358:382 the Paenibacillus cluster 358:382 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 showed that they fell within the Paenibacillus cluster, with highest similarities to Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively), Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) and Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively). 27902310 2 44 theme Gram-stain-positive 77:95 arg1 DB13311 188:194 DB13311 188:194 DB13311 188:194 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 2 44 theme Gram-stain-positive 77:95 arg1 bacteria 154:161 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria 73:161 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria 73:161 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 2 44 theme Gram-stain-positive 77:95 arg1 DB13031T 175:182 designated DB13031T 164:182 designated DB13031T 164:182 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 3 45 theme rRNA 278:281 arg1 analysis 288:295 16S rRNA gene analysis 274:295 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 274:327 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 showed that they fell within the Paenibacillus cluster, with highest similarities to Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively), Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) and Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively). 27902310 2 46 theme designated 164:173 arg1 bacteria 154:161 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria 73:161 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria 73:161 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 2 46 theme designated 164:173 arg1 DB13031T 175:182 designated DB13031T 164:182 designated DB13031T 164:182 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 7 47 theme name 1269:1272 arg1 sp 1295:1296 the name Paenibacillus silvae sp 1265:1296 the name Paenibacillus silvae sp 1265:1296 Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data, it is proposed that the two isolates represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus silvae sp. 27902310 6 48 theme unknown 1097:1103 arg1 phospholipids 1105:1117 four unknown phospholipids 1092:1117 four unknown phospholipids 1092:1117 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the A1γ type and the major polar lipid profiles were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown aminophospholipids and four unknown phospholipids. 27902310 3 49 theme gene 283:286 arg1 analysis 288:295 16S rRNA gene analysis 274:295 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 274:327 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 showed that they fell within the Paenibacillus cluster, with highest similarities to Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively), Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) and Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively). 27902310 5 50 dep contained 769:777 arg1  0 855:856  0 855:856  0 855:856 Strain DB13031T contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 27902310 3 51 dep BP-23T 505:510 arg1 % 527:527 98.3 and 98.2 % 513:527 98.3 and 98.2 % 513:527 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 showed that they fell within the Paenibacillus cluster, with highest similarities to Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively), Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) and Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively). 27902310 5 52 theme fatty 905:909 arg1 acids 911:915 the major cellular fatty acids 886:915 the major cellular fatty acids 886:915 Strain DB13031T contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 27902310 6 53 theme cell-wall 922:930 arg1 peptidoglycan 932:944 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 918:944 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 918:944 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the A1γ type and the major polar lipid profiles were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown aminophospholipids and four unknown phospholipids. 27902310 3 54 theme 16S 274:276 arg1 analysis 288:295 16S rRNA gene analysis 274:295 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 274:327 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 showed that they fell within the Paenibacillus cluster, with highest similarities to Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively), Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) and Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively). 27902310 5 55 dep  0 855:856 arg1  0 868:869  0 868:869  0 868:869 Strain DB13031T contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 27902310 5 55 dep  0 855:856 arg1  0 880:881  0 880:881  0 880:881 Strain DB13031T contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 27902310 5 55 dep  0 855:856 arg1 C16  875:878 C16  875:878 C16  875:878 Strain DB13031T contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 27902310 2 56 theme Reserve 245:251 arg1 soil 220:223 the soil 216:223 the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China 216:271 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 4 57 theme DNA-DNA 620:626 arg1 hybridization 628:640 DNA-DNA hybridization 620:640 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain DB13031T 616:671 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain DB13031T and the type strains of its closest related species were 48.2, 38.1 and 43.5 %. 27902310 2 58 from China 267:271 arg1 soil 220:223 the soil 216:223 the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China 216:271 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 3 59 theme strains 300:306 arg1 analysis 288:295 16S rRNA gene analysis 274:295 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 274:327 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 showed that they fell within the Paenibacillus cluster, with highest similarities to Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively), Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) and Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively). 27902310 5 60 theme isoprenoid 819:828 arg1 quinone 830:836 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 803:836 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 803:836 Strain DB13031T contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 27902310 5 60 theme isoprenoid 819:828 arg1 menaquinone-7 779:791 menaquinone-7 779:791 menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 779:798 Strain DB13031T contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. 27902310 3 61 theme oceanisediminis 562:576 arg1 L10T 578:581 Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T 548:581 Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively) 548:613 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 showed that they fell within the Paenibacillus cluster, with highest similarities to Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively), Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) and Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively). 27902310 9 62 theme 1.12770T=DSM 1353:1364 arg1 28013T 1366:1371 =CGMCC 1.12770T=DSM 28013T 1346:1371 =CGMCC 1.12770T=DSM 28013T 1346:1371 The type strain is DB13031T (=CGMCC 1.12770T=DSM 28013T). 27902310 9 62 theme 1.12770T=DSM 1353:1364 arg1 DB13031T 1336:1343 DB13031T 1336:1343 DB13031T (=CGMCC 1.12770T=DSM 28013T) 1336:1372 The type strain is DB13031T (=CGMCC 1.12770T=DSM 28013T). 27902310 4 63 theme hybridization 628:640 arg1 values 642:647 The DNA-DNA hybridization values 616:647 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain DB13031T 616:671 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain DB13031T and the type strains of its closest related species were 48.2, 38.1 and 43.5 %. 27902310 4 63 theme hybridization 628:640 arg1 % 750:750 48.2, 38.1 and 43.5 % 730:750 48.2, 38.1 and 43.5 % 730:750 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain DB13031T and the type strains of its closest related species were 48.2, 38.1 and 43.5 %. 27902310 7 64 theme Paenibacillus 1240:1252 arg1 genus 1234:1238 the genus Paenibacillus 1230:1252 the genus Paenibacillus 1230:1252 Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data, it is proposed that the two isolates represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus silvae sp. 27902310 2 65 theme endospore-forming 121:137 arg1 DB13311 188:194 DB13311 188:194 DB13311 188:194 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 2 65 theme endospore-forming 121:137 arg1 bacteria 154:161 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria 73:161 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria 73:161 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 2 65 theme endospore-forming 121:137 arg1 DB13031T 175:182 designated DB13031T 164:182 designated DB13031T 164:182 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 2 66 theme Jiaxi 232:236 arg1 Reserve 245:251 the Jiaxi Nature Reserve 228:251 the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China 228:271 Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 27902310 3 67 theme Paenibacillus 477:489 arg1 BP-23T 505:510 Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T 477:510 Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) 477:542 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 showed that they fell within the Paenibacillus cluster, with highest similarities to Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively), Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) and Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively). 25543669 10 0 theme psychological 1863:1875 arg1 stress 1877:1882 chronic composite psychological stress 1845:1882 chronic composite psychological stress 1845:1882 These results suggest that chronic composite psychological stress may promote the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, by inducing the aortic inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation. 25543669 8 1 theme chronic 1500:1506 arg1 HS 1540:1541 HS 1540:1541 HS 1540:1541 The levels of TG, TC, MDA and IL‑6 were significantly higher in the mice subjected to chronic composite psychological stress (HS), as compared with the mice treated with LBP alone (HL), or treated with LBP and subjected to stress (HLS). 25543669 8 1 theme chronic 1500:1506 arg1 stress 1532:1537 chronic composite psychological stress 1500:1537 chronic composite psychological stress (HS) 1500:1542 The levels of TG, TC, MDA and IL‑6 were significantly higher in the mice subjected to chronic composite psychological stress (HS), as compared with the mice treated with LBP alone (HL), or treated with LBP and subjected to stress (HLS). 25543669 2 2 theme atherosclerosis 375:389 arg1 cases 366:370 cases 366:370 cases of atherosclerosis 366:389 Approximately 40% of cases of atherosclerosis are associated with chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 7 3 theme aortic 1336:1341 arg1 response 1356:1363 the aortic inflammatory response 1332:1363 the aortic inflammatory response 1332:1363 The blood serum levels of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP‑70) were measured to evaluate the extent of the aortic inflammatory response, and to determine the protective effects of LBP. 25543669 10 4 theme chronic 1845:1851 arg1 stress 1877:1882 chronic composite psychological stress 1845:1882 chronic composite psychological stress 1845:1882 These results suggest that chronic composite psychological stress may promote the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, by inducing the aortic inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation. 25543669 8 5 theme psychological 1518:1530 arg1 HS 1540:1541 HS 1540:1541 HS 1540:1541 The levels of TG, TC, MDA and IL‑6 were significantly higher in the mice subjected to chronic composite psychological stress (HS), as compared with the mice treated with LBP alone (HL), or treated with LBP and subjected to stress (HLS). 25543669 8 5 theme psychological 1518:1530 arg1 stress 1532:1537 chronic composite psychological stress 1500:1537 chronic composite psychological stress (HS) 1500:1542 The levels of TG, TC, MDA and IL‑6 were significantly higher in the mice subjected to chronic composite psychological stress (HS), as compared with the mice treated with LBP alone (HL), or treated with LBP and subjected to stress (HLS). 25543669 9 6 theme expression 1700:1709 arg1 levels 1711:1716 the mRNA expression levels 1691:1716 the mRNA expression levels of CYP7A1 1691:1726 In addition, SOD and HSP‑70 levels, and the mRNA expression levels of CYP7A1 were significantly lower in the HS group, as compared with that in the HL and HLS groups. 25543669 9 6 theme expression 1700:1709 arg1 lower 1747:1751 lower 1747:1751 lower 1747:1751 In addition, SOD and HSP‑70 levels, and the mRNA expression levels of CYP7A1 were significantly lower in the HS group, as compared with that in the HL and HLS groups. 25543669 6 7 theme oxidative 1192:1200 arg1 stress 1202:1207 oxidative stress 1192:1207 oxidative stress 1192:1207 The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the liver to evaluate the effects of LBP on oxidative stress. 25543669 3 8 theme lipid 557:561 arg1 levels 563:568 blood lipid levels 551:568 blood lipid levels 551:568 The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on blood lipid levels and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice, following chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 6 9 theme LBP 1185:1187 arg1 effects 1174:1180 the effects 1170:1180 the effects of LBP on oxidative stress 1170:1207 The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the liver to evaluate the effects of LBP on oxidative stress. 25543669 3 10 theme hyperlipidemic 594:607 arg1 mice 609:612 hyperlipidemic mice 594:612 hyperlipidemic mice 594:612 The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on blood lipid levels and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice, following chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 1 11 theme factors 224:230 arg1 intervention 188:199 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention 149:199 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention 149:199 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention is the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water. 25543669 1 11 theme factors 224:230 arg1 accumulation 208:219 the accumulation 204:219 the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water 204:342 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention is the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water. 25543669 11 12 theme inflammatory 2104:2115 arg1 response 2117:2124 the aortic inflammatory response 2093:2124 the aortic inflammatory response 2093:2124 Furthermore, treatment with LBP significantly inhibited oxidative stress and the aortic inflammatory response. 25543669 4 13 theme hyperlipidemic 667:680 arg1 model 688:692 A hyperlipidemic mouse model 665:692 A hyperlipidemic mouse model 665:692 A hyperlipidemic mouse model was generated, and the mice were subjected to chronic composite psychological stress and treated with LBP for 30 days. 25543669 1 14 from deprivation 305:315 arg1 water 338:342 cold water 333:342 cold water 333:342 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention is the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water. 25543669 2 15 theme chronic 411:417 arg1 stress 443:448 chronic composite psychological stress 411:448 chronic composite psychological stress 411:448 Approximately 40% of cases of atherosclerosis are associated with chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 5 16 theme lipid 1046:1050 arg1 metabolism 1052:1061 lipid metabolism 1046:1061 lipid metabolism 1046:1061 After 30 days the triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were measured in the serum, and the mRNA expression levels of cholesterol 7α‑hydroxylase (CYP7A1) were determined in the liver, in order to observe any changes to lipid metabolism. 25543669 3 17 theme chronic 625:631 arg1 stress 657:662 chronic composite psychological stress 625:662 chronic composite psychological stress 625:662 The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on blood lipid levels and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice, following chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 5 18 theme cholesterol 859:869 arg1 levels 876:881 the triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels 827:881 the triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels 827:881 After 30 days the triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were measured in the serum, and the mRNA expression levels of cholesterol 7α‑hydroxylase (CYP7A1) were determined in the liver, in order to observe any changes to lipid metabolism. 25543669 4 19 theme chronic 740:746 arg1 stress 772:777 chronic composite psychological stress 740:777 chronic composite psychological stress 740:777 A hyperlipidemic mouse model was generated, and the mice were subjected to chronic composite psychological stress and treated with LBP for 30 days. 25543669 4 20 theme psychological 758:770 arg1 stress 772:777 chronic composite psychological stress 740:777 chronic composite psychological stress 740:777 A hyperlipidemic mouse model was generated, and the mice were subjected to chronic composite psychological stress and treated with LBP for 30 days. 25543669 3 21 from stress 584:589 arg1 mice 609:612 hyperlipidemic mice 594:612 hyperlipidemic mice 594:612 The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on blood lipid levels and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice, following chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 1 22 theme composite 157:165 arg1 intervention 188:199 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention 149:199 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention 149:199 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention is the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water. 25543669 1 22 theme composite 157:165 arg1 accumulation 208:219 the accumulation 204:219 the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water 204:342 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention is the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water. 25543669 7 23 theme shock 1266:1270 arg1 protein 1272:1278 heat shock protein 70 1261:1281 heat shock protein 70 (HSP‑70) 1261:1290 The blood serum levels of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP‑70) were measured to evaluate the extent of the aortic inflammatory response, and to determine the protective effects of LBP. 25543669 7 23 theme shock 1266:1270 arg1 HSP‑70 1284:1289 HSP‑70 1284:1289 HSP‑70 1284:1289 The blood serum levels of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP‑70) were measured to evaluate the extent of the aortic inflammatory response, and to determine the protective effects of LBP. 25543669 6 24 from effects 1174:1180 arg1 stress 1202:1207 oxidative stress 1192:1207 oxidative stress 1192:1207 The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the liver to evaluate the effects of LBP on oxidative stress. 25543669 3 25 theme psychological 643:655 arg1 stress 657:662 chronic composite psychological stress 625:662 chronic composite psychological stress 625:662 The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on blood lipid levels and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice, following chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 1 26 theme stress 181:186 arg1 intervention 188:199 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention 149:199 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention 149:199 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention is the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water. 25543669 1 26 theme stress 181:186 arg1 accumulation 208:219 the accumulation 204:219 the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water 204:342 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention is the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water. 25543669 10 27 theme aortic 1963:1968 arg1 response 1983:1990 the aortic inflammatory response 1959:1990 the aortic inflammatory response 1959:1990 These results suggest that chronic composite psychological stress may promote the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, by inducing the aortic inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation. 25543669 0 28 from Effects 0:6 arg1 stress 56:61 oxidative stress 46:61 oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice following chronic composite psychological stress intervention 46:146 Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice following chronic composite psychological stress intervention. 25543669 0 29 theme chronic 96:102 arg1 intervention 135:146 chronic composite psychological stress intervention 96:146 chronic composite psychological stress intervention 96:146 Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice following chronic composite psychological stress intervention. 25543669 5 30 theme 7α‑hydroxylase 957:970 arg1 levels 935:940 the mRNA expression levels 915:940 the mRNA expression levels of cholesterol 7α‑hydroxylase (CYP7A1) 915:979 After 30 days the triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were measured in the serum, and the mRNA expression levels of cholesterol 7α‑hydroxylase (CYP7A1) were determined in the liver, in order to observe any changes to lipid metabolism. 25543669 11 31 theme oxidative 2072:2080 arg1 stress 2082:2087 oxidative stress 2072:2087 oxidative stress 2072:2087 Furthermore, treatment with LBP significantly inhibited oxidative stress and the aortic inflammatory response. 25543669 9 32 theme HL 1799:1800 arg1 groups 1810:1815 the HL and HLS groups 1795:1815 groups 1810:1815 In addition, SOD and HSP‑70 levels, and the mRNA expression levels of CYP7A1 were significantly lower in the HS group, as compared with that in the HL and HLS groups. 25543669 3 33 theme study 474:478 arg1 aim 455:457 The aim 451:457 The aim of the present study 451:478 The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on blood lipid levels and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice, following chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 0 34 theme psychological 114:126 arg1 intervention 135:146 chronic composite psychological stress intervention 96:146 chronic composite psychological stress intervention 96:146 Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice following chronic composite psychological stress intervention. 25543669 7 35 theme heat 1261:1264 arg1 protein 1272:1278 heat shock protein 70 1261:1281 heat shock protein 70 (HSP‑70) 1261:1290 The blood serum levels of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP‑70) were measured to evaluate the extent of the aortic inflammatory response, and to determine the protective effects of LBP. 25543669 7 35 theme heat 1261:1264 arg1 HSP‑70 1284:1289 HSP‑70 1284:1289 HSP‑70 1284:1289 The blood serum levels of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP‑70) were measured to evaluate the extent of the aortic inflammatory response, and to determine the protective effects of LBP. 25543669 8 36 theme TG 1428:1429 arg1 levels 1418:1423 The levels 1414:1423 The levels of TG, TC, MDA and IL‑6 1414:1447 The levels of TG, TC, MDA and IL‑6 were significantly higher in the mice subjected to chronic composite psychological stress (HS), as compared with the mice treated with LBP alone (HL), or treated with LBP and subjected to stress (HLS). 25543669 8 36 theme TG 1428:1429 arg1 higher 1468:1473 higher 1468:1473 higher 1468:1473 The levels of TG, TC, MDA and IL‑6 were significantly higher in the mice subjected to chronic composite psychological stress (HS), as compared with the mice treated with LBP alone (HL), or treated with LBP and subjected to stress (HLS). 25543669 9 37 theme HLS 1806:1808 arg1 groups 1810:1815 the HL and HLS groups 1795:1815 groups 1810:1815 In addition, SOD and HSP‑70 levels, and the mRNA expression levels of CYP7A1 were significantly lower in the HS group, as compared with that in the HL and HLS groups. 25543669 2 38 theme composite 419:427 arg1 stress 443:448 chronic composite psychological stress 411:448 chronic composite psychological stress 411:448 Approximately 40% of cases of atherosclerosis are associated with chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 5 39 theme triglyceride 831:842 arg1 levels 876:881 the triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels 827:881 the triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels 827:881 After 30 days the triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were measured in the serum, and the mRNA expression levels of cholesterol 7α‑hydroxylase (CYP7A1) were determined in the liver, in order to observe any changes to lipid metabolism. 25543669 5 40 theme expression 924:933 arg1 levels 935:940 the mRNA expression levels 915:940 the mRNA expression levels of cholesterol 7α‑hydroxylase (CYP7A1) 915:979 After 30 days the triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were measured in the serum, and the mRNA expression levels of cholesterol 7α‑hydroxylase (CYP7A1) were determined in the liver, in order to observe any changes to lipid metabolism. 25543669 8 41 theme TC 1432:1433 arg1 levels 1418:1423 The levels 1414:1423 The levels of TG, TC, MDA and IL‑6 1414:1447 The levels of TG, TC, MDA and IL‑6 were significantly higher in the mice subjected to chronic composite psychological stress (HS), as compared with the mice treated with LBP alone (HL), or treated with LBP and subjected to stress (HLS). 25543669 8 41 theme TC 1432:1433 arg1 higher 1468:1473 higher 1468:1473 higher 1468:1473 The levels of TG, TC, MDA and IL‑6 were significantly higher in the mice subjected to chronic composite psychological stress (HS), as compared with the mice treated with LBP alone (HL), or treated with LBP and subjected to stress (HLS). 25543669 0 42 theme Lycium 11:16 arg1 polysaccharides 27:41 Lycium barbarum polysaccharides 11:41 Lycium barbarum polysaccharides 11:41 Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice following chronic composite psychological stress intervention. 25543669 8 43 theme MDA 1436:1438 arg1 levels 1418:1423 The levels 1414:1423 The levels of TG, TC, MDA and IL‑6 1414:1447 The levels of TG, TC, MDA and IL‑6 were significantly higher in the mice subjected to chronic composite psychological stress (HS), as compared with the mice treated with LBP alone (HL), or treated with LBP and subjected to stress (HLS). 25543669 8 43 theme MDA 1436:1438 arg1 higher 1468:1473 higher 1468:1473 higher 1468:1473 The levels of TG, TC, MDA and IL‑6 were significantly higher in the mice subjected to chronic composite psychological stress (HS), as compared with the mice treated with LBP alone (HL), or treated with LBP and subjected to stress (HLS). 25543669 0 44 theme polysaccharides 27:41 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice following chronic composite psychological stress intervention. 0:147 Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice following chronic composite psychological stress intervention. 25543669 8 45 theme IL‑6 1444:1447 arg1 levels 1418:1423 The levels 1414:1423 The levels of TG, TC, MDA and IL‑6 1414:1447 The levels of TG, TC, MDA and IL‑6 were significantly higher in the mice subjected to chronic composite psychological stress (HS), as compared with the mice treated with LBP alone (HL), or treated with LBP and subjected to stress (HLS). 25543669 8 45 theme IL‑6 1444:1447 arg1 higher 1468:1473 higher 1468:1473 higher 1468:1473 The levels of TG, TC, MDA and IL‑6 were significantly higher in the mice subjected to chronic composite psychological stress (HS), as compared with the mice treated with LBP alone (HL), or treated with LBP and subjected to stress (HLS). 25543669 0 46 theme oxidative 46:54 arg1 stress 56:61 oxidative stress 46:61 oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice following chronic composite psychological stress intervention 46:146 Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice following chronic composite psychological stress intervention. 25543669 7 47 theme serum 1220:1224 arg1 levels 1226:1231 The blood serum levels 1210:1231 The blood serum levels of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP‑70) 1210:1290 The blood serum levels of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP‑70) were measured to evaluate the extent of the aortic inflammatory response, and to determine the protective effects of LBP. 25543669 3 48 from effects 499:505 arg1 levels 563:568 blood lipid levels 551:568 blood lipid levels 551:568 The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on blood lipid levels and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice, following chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 3 48 from effects 499:505 arg1 stress 584:589 oxidative stress 574:589 oxidative stress 574:589 The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on blood lipid levels and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice, following chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 6 49 theme superoxide 1078:1087 arg1 dismutase 1089:1097 superoxide dismutase 1078:1097 superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1078:1103 The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the liver to evaluate the effects of LBP on oxidative stress. 25543669 6 49 theme superoxide 1078:1087 arg1 SOD 1100:1102 SOD 1100:1102 SOD 1100:1102 The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the liver to evaluate the effects of LBP on oxidative stress. 25543669 7 50 theme protective 1387:1396 arg1 effects 1398:1404 the protective effects 1383:1404 the protective effects of LBP 1383:1411 The blood serum levels of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP‑70) were measured to evaluate the extent of the aortic inflammatory response, and to determine the protective effects of LBP. 25543669 10 51 dep occurrence 1900:1909 arg1 the 1896:1898 the 1896:1898 the 1896:1898 These results suggest that chronic composite psychological stress may promote the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, by inducing the aortic inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation. 25543669 10 52 theme composite 1853:1861 arg1 stress 1877:1882 chronic composite psychological stress 1845:1882 chronic composite psychological stress 1845:1882 These results suggest that chronic composite psychological stress may promote the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, by inducing the aortic inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation. 25543669 1 53 theme water 299:303 arg1 deprivation 305:315 water deprivation 299:315 water deprivation 299:315 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention is the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water. 25543669 7 54 theme inflammatory 1343:1354 arg1 response 1356:1363 the aortic inflammatory response 1332:1363 the aortic inflammatory response 1332:1363 The blood serum levels of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP‑70) were measured to evaluate the extent of the aortic inflammatory response, and to determine the protective effects of LBP. 25543669 9 55 theme mRNA 1695:1698 arg1 levels 1711:1716 the mRNA expression levels 1691:1716 the mRNA expression levels of CYP7A1 1691:1726 In addition, SOD and HSP‑70 levels, and the mRNA expression levels of CYP7A1 were significantly lower in the HS group, as compared with that in the HL and HLS groups. 25543669 9 55 theme mRNA 1695:1698 arg1 lower 1747:1751 lower 1747:1751 lower 1747:1751 In addition, SOD and HSP‑70 levels, and the mRNA expression levels of CYP7A1 were significantly lower in the HS group, as compared with that in the HL and HLS groups. 25543669 8 56 theme composite 1508:1516 arg1 HS 1540:1541 HS 1540:1541 HS 1540:1541 The levels of TG, TC, MDA and IL‑6 were significantly higher in the mice subjected to chronic composite psychological stress (HS), as compared with the mice treated with LBP alone (HL), or treated with LBP and subjected to stress (HLS). 25543669 8 56 theme composite 1508:1516 arg1 stress 1532:1537 chronic composite psychological stress 1500:1537 chronic composite psychological stress (HS) 1500:1542 The levels of TG, TC, MDA and IL‑6 were significantly higher in the mice subjected to chronic composite psychological stress (HS), as compared with the mice treated with LBP alone (HL), or treated with LBP and subjected to stress (HLS). 25543669 3 57 theme blood 551:555 arg1 levels 563:568 blood lipid levels 551:568 blood lipid levels 551:568 The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on blood lipid levels and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice, following chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 11 58 theme aortic 2097:2102 arg1 response 2117:2124 the aortic inflammatory response 2093:2124 the aortic inflammatory response 2093:2124 Furthermore, treatment with LBP significantly inhibited oxidative stress and the aortic inflammatory response. 25543669 7 59 theme response 1356:1363 arg1 extent 1322:1327 the extent 1318:1327 the extent of the aortic inflammatory response 1318:1363 The blood serum levels of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP‑70) were measured to evaluate the extent of the aortic inflammatory response, and to determine the protective effects of LBP. 25543669 1 60 from swimming 321:328 arg1 water 338:342 cold water 333:342 cold water 333:342 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention is the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water. 25543669 6 61 theme malondialdehyde 1109:1123 arg1 levels 1068:1073 The levels 1064:1073 The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) 1064:1129 The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the liver to evaluate the effects of LBP on oxidative stress. 25543669 9 62 theme CYP7A1 1721:1726 arg1 levels 1711:1716 the mRNA expression levels 1691:1716 the mRNA expression levels of CYP7A1 1691:1726 In addition, SOD and HSP‑70 levels, and the mRNA expression levels of CYP7A1 were significantly lower in the HS group, as compared with that in the HL and HLS groups. 25543669 9 62 theme CYP7A1 1721:1726 arg1 levels 1679:1684 SOD and HSP‑70 levels 1664:1684 SOD and HSP‑70 levels 1664:1684 In addition, SOD and HSP‑70 levels, and the mRNA expression levels of CYP7A1 were significantly lower in the HS group, as compared with that in the HL and HLS groups. 25543669 9 62 theme CYP7A1 1721:1726 arg1 lower 1747:1751 lower 1747:1751 lower 1747:1751 In addition, SOD and HSP‑70 levels, and the mRNA expression levels of CYP7A1 were significantly lower in the HS group, as compared with that in the HL and HLS groups. 25543669 3 63 theme oxidative 574:582 arg1 stress 584:589 oxidative stress 574:589 oxidative stress 574:589 The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on blood lipid levels and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice, following chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 10 64 theme atherosclerosis 1930:1944 arg1 development 1915:1925 development 1915:1925 development 1915:1925 These results suggest that chronic composite psychological stress may promote the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, by inducing the aortic inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation. 25543669 10 64 theme atherosclerosis 1930:1944 arg1 occurrence 1900:1909 occurrence 1900:1909 occurrence 1900:1909 These results suggest that chronic composite psychological stress may promote the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, by inducing the aortic inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation. 25543669 2 65 theme cases 366:370 arg1 cases 366:370 cases 366:370 cases of atherosclerosis 366:389 Approximately 40% of cases of atherosclerosis are associated with chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 2 65 theme cases 366:370 arg1 % 361:361 Approximately 40% 345:361 Approximately 40% of cases of atherosclerosis 345:389 Approximately 40% of cases of atherosclerosis are associated with chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 1 66 from deprivation 286:296 arg1 water 338:342 cold water 333:342 cold water 333:342 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention is the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water. 25543669 5 67 theme total 853:857 arg1 TC 872:873 TC 872:873 TC 872:873 After 30 days the triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were measured in the serum, and the mRNA expression levels of cholesterol 7α‑hydroxylase (CYP7A1) were determined in the liver, in order to observe any changes to lipid metabolism. 25543669 5 67 theme total 853:857 arg1 cholesterol 859:869 total cholesterol 853:869 total cholesterol (TC) 853:874 After 30 days the triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were measured in the serum, and the mRNA expression levels of cholesterol 7α‑hydroxylase (CYP7A1) were determined in the liver, in order to observe any changes to lipid metabolism. 25543669 11 68 with treatment 2029:2037 arg1 LBP 2044:2046 LBP 2044:2046 LBP 2044:2046 Furthermore, treatment with LBP significantly inhibited oxidative stress and the aortic inflammatory response. 25543669 4 69 theme mouse 682:686 arg1 model 688:692 A hyperlipidemic mouse model 665:692 A hyperlipidemic mouse model 665:692 A hyperlipidemic mouse model was generated, and the mice were subjected to chronic composite psychological stress and treated with LBP for 30 days. 25543669 9 70 theme HS 1760:1761 arg1 group 1763:1767 the HS group 1756:1767 the HS group 1756:1767 In addition, SOD and HSP‑70 levels, and the mRNA expression levels of CYP7A1 were significantly lower in the HS group, as compared with that in the HL and HLS groups. 25543669 1 71 theme Chronic 149:155 arg1 intervention 188:199 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention 149:199 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention 149:199 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention is the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water. 25543669 1 71 theme Chronic 149:155 arg1 accumulation 208:219 the accumulation 204:219 the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water 204:342 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention is the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water. 25543669 4 72 theme composite 748:756 arg1 stress 772:777 chronic composite psychological stress 740:777 chronic composite psychological stress 740:777 A hyperlipidemic mouse model was generated, and the mice were subjected to chronic composite psychological stress and treated with LBP for 30 days. 25543669 0 73 theme hyperlipidemic 66:79 arg1 mice 81:84 hyperlipidemic mice 66:84 hyperlipidemic mice following chronic composite psychological stress intervention 66:146 Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice following chronic composite psychological stress intervention. 25543669 3 74 theme composite 633:641 arg1 stress 657:662 chronic composite psychological stress 625:662 chronic composite psychological stress 625:662 The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on blood lipid levels and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice, following chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 1 75 theme psychological 167:179 arg1 intervention 188:199 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention 149:199 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention 149:199 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention is the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water. 25543669 1 75 theme psychological 167:179 arg1 accumulation 208:219 the accumulation 204:219 the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water 204:342 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention is the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water. 25543669 7 76 theme protein 1272:1278 arg1 levels 1226:1231 The blood serum levels 1210:1231 The blood serum levels of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP‑70) 1210:1290 The blood serum levels of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP‑70) were measured to evaluate the extent of the aortic inflammatory response, and to determine the protective effects of LBP. 25543669 10 77 theme inflammatory 1970:1981 arg1 response 1983:1990 the aortic inflammatory response 1959:1990 the aortic inflammatory response 1959:1990 These results suggest that chronic composite psychological stress may promote the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, by inducing the aortic inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation. 25543669 3 78 from levels 563:568 arg1 mice 609:612 hyperlipidemic mice 594:612 hyperlipidemic mice 594:612 The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on blood lipid levels and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice, following chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 0 79 theme composite 104:112 arg1 intervention 135:146 chronic composite psychological stress intervention 96:146 chronic composite psychological stress intervention 96:146 Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice following chronic composite psychological stress intervention. 25543669 5 80 theme cholesterol 945:955 arg1 7α‑hydroxylase 957:970 cholesterol 7α‑hydroxylase 945:970 cholesterol 7α‑hydroxylase (CYP7A1) 945:979 After 30 days the triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were measured in the serum, and the mRNA expression levels of cholesterol 7α‑hydroxylase (CYP7A1) were determined in the liver, in order to observe any changes to lipid metabolism. 25543669 5 80 theme cholesterol 945:955 arg1 CYP7A1 973:978 CYP7A1 973:978 CYP7A1 973:978 After 30 days the triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were measured in the serum, and the mRNA expression levels of cholesterol 7α‑hydroxylase (CYP7A1) were determined in the liver, in order to observe any changes to lipid metabolism. 25543669 0 81 from stress 56:61 arg1 mice 81:84 hyperlipidemic mice 66:84 hyperlipidemic mice following chronic composite psychological stress intervention 66:146 Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice following chronic composite psychological stress intervention. 25543669 3 82 dep Lycium 510:515 arg1 barbarum 517:524 barbarum 517:524 barbarum 517:524 The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on blood lipid levels and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice, following chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 0 83 theme stress 128:133 arg1 intervention 135:146 chronic composite psychological stress intervention 96:146 chronic composite psychological stress intervention 96:146 Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice following chronic composite psychological stress intervention. 25543669 2 84 theme psychological 429:441 arg1 stress 443:448 chronic composite psychological stress 411:448 chronic composite psychological stress 411:448 Approximately 40% of cases of atherosclerosis are associated with chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 5 85 theme mRNA 919:922 arg1 levels 935:940 the mRNA expression levels 915:940 the mRNA expression levels of cholesterol 7α‑hydroxylase (CYP7A1) 915:979 After 30 days the triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were measured in the serum, and the mRNA expression levels of cholesterol 7α‑hydroxylase (CYP7A1) were determined in the liver, in order to observe any changes to lipid metabolism. 25543669 7 86 theme LBP 1409:1411 arg1 effects 1398:1404 the protective effects 1383:1404 the protective effects of LBP 1383:1411 The blood serum levels of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP‑70) were measured to evaluate the extent of the aortic inflammatory response, and to determine the protective effects of LBP. 25543669 8 87 dep mice 1566:1569 arg1 treated 1571:1577 treated 1571:1577 treated with LBP alone (HL) 1571:1597 The levels of TG, TC, MDA and IL‑6 were significantly higher in the mice subjected to chronic composite psychological stress (HS), as compared with the mice treated with LBP alone (HL), or treated with LBP and subjected to stress (HLS). 25543669 8 87 dep mice 1566:1569 arg1 treated 1603:1609 treated 1603:1609 treated with LBP 1603:1618 The levels of TG, TC, MDA and IL‑6 were significantly higher in the mice subjected to chronic composite psychological stress (HS), as compared with the mice treated with LBP alone (HL), or treated with LBP and subjected to stress (HLS). 25543669 8 87 dep mice 1566:1569 arg1 subjected 1624:1632 subjected 1624:1632 subjected to stress (HLS) 1624:1648 The levels of TG, TC, MDA and IL‑6 were significantly higher in the mice subjected to chronic composite psychological stress (HS), as compared with the mice treated with LBP alone (HL), or treated with LBP and subjected to stress (HLS). 25543669 3 88 theme present 466:472 arg1 study 474:478 the present study 462:478 the present study 462:478 The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on blood lipid levels and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice, following chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 0 89 theme barbarum 18:25 arg1 polysaccharides 27:41 Lycium barbarum polysaccharides 11:41 Lycium barbarum polysaccharides 11:41 Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice following chronic composite psychological stress intervention. 25543669 10 90 theme lipid 1996:2000 arg1 peroxidation 2002:2013 lipid peroxidation 1996:2013 lipid peroxidation 1996:2013 These results suggest that chronic composite psychological stress may promote the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, by inducing the aortic inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation. 25543669 7 91 theme interleukin‑6 1236:1248 arg1 levels 1226:1231 The blood serum levels 1210:1231 The blood serum levels of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP‑70) 1210:1290 The blood serum levels of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP‑70) were measured to evaluate the extent of the aortic inflammatory response, and to determine the protective effects of LBP. 25543669 1 92 theme cold 333:336 arg1 water 338:342 cold water 333:342 cold water 333:342 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention is the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water. 25543669 7 93 theme blood 1214:1218 arg1 levels 1226:1231 The blood serum levels 1210:1231 The blood serum levels of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP‑70) 1210:1290 The blood serum levels of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP‑70) were measured to evaluate the extent of the aortic inflammatory response, and to determine the protective effects of LBP. 25543669 3 94 theme polysaccharides 526:540 arg1 effects 499:505 the effects 495:505 the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on blood lipid levels and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice, following chronic composite psychological stress 495:662 The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on blood lipid levels and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice, following chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 6 95 theme dismutase 1089:1097 arg1 levels 1068:1073 The levels 1064:1073 The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) 1064:1129 The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the liver to evaluate the effects of LBP on oxidative stress. 25543669 9 96 theme SOD 1664:1666 arg1 levels 1679:1684 SOD and HSP‑70 levels 1664:1684 SOD and HSP‑70 levels 1664:1684 In addition, SOD and HSP‑70 levels, and the mRNA expression levels of CYP7A1 were significantly lower in the HS group, as compared with that in the HL and HLS groups. 25543669 3 97 theme Lycium 510:515 arg1 LBP 543:545 LBP 543:545 LBP 543:545 The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on blood lipid levels and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice, following chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 3 97 theme Lycium 510:515 arg1 polysaccharides 526:540 Lycium barbarum polysaccharides 510:540 Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) 510:546 The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on blood lipid levels and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice, following chronic composite psychological stress. 25543669 1 98 theme psychological 249:261 arg1 stress 263:268 psychological stress 249:268 psychological stress 249:268 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention is the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water. 25543669 9 99 theme HSP‑70 1672:1677 arg1 levels 1679:1684 SOD and HSP‑70 levels 1664:1684 SOD and HSP‑70 levels 1664:1684 In addition, SOD and HSP‑70 levels, and the mRNA expression levels of CYP7A1 were significantly lower in the HS group, as compared with that in the HL and HLS groups. 25543669 1 100 theme food 281:284 arg1 deprivation 286:296 food deprivation 281:296 food deprivation 281:296 Chronic composite psychological stress intervention is the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water. 24363295 5 0 theme mol 920:922 arg1 % 923:923 67.2 mol% 915:923 67.2 mol% 915:923 The G+C content of the DNA was 67.2 mol%. 24363295 5 0 theme mol 920:922 arg1 content 892:898 The G+C content 884:898 The G+C content of the DNA 884:909 The G+C content of the DNA was 67.2 mol%. 24363295 6 1 theme close 1073:1077 arg1 relatives 1092:1100 its close phylogenetic relatives 1069:1100 its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae 1069:1181 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. 24363295 6 2 theme phylogenetic 1079:1090 arg1 relatives 1092:1100 its close phylogenetic relatives 1069:1100 its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae 1069:1181 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. 24363295 9 3 theme flavus 1312:1317 arg1 strain 1284:1289 The type strain 1275:1289 The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus 1275:1317 The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus is YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)). 24363295 9 3 theme flavus 1312:1317 arg1 M13146 1326:1331 YIM M13146 1322:1331 YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)) 1322:1374 The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus is YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)). 24363295 4 4 theme glycine 709:715 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 789:807 alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine 700:807 alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine 700:807 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 3 5 theme tryptic 509:515 arg1 agar/broth 521:530 on/in tryptic soy agar/broth 503:530 on/in tryptic soy agar/broth 503:530 Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. 24363295 4 6 theme type 667:670 arg1 A3γ 672:674 peptidoglycan type A3γ 653:674 peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine 653:807 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 4 6 theme type 667:670 arg1 ll-DAP-Gly 677:686 ll-DAP-Gly 677:686 ll-DAP-Gly 677:686 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 2 7 dep Gram-staining-positive 132:153 arg1 aerobic 156:162 aerobic 156:162 aerobic 156:162 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus, designated strain YIM M13146(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 2439 m, and its taxonomic position was determined by a polyphasic approach. 24363295 2 7 dep Gram-staining-positive 132:153 arg1 irregular 177:185 irregular 177:185 irregular 177:185 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus, designated strain YIM M13146(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 2439 m, and its taxonomic position was determined by a polyphasic approach. 24363295 2 7 dep Gram-staining-positive 132:153 arg1 non-motile 165:174 non-motile 165:174 non-motile 165:174 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus, designated strain YIM M13146(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 2439 m, and its taxonomic position was determined by a polyphasic approach. 24363295 4 8 theme ll-diaminopimelic 736:752 arg1 acid 754:757 ll-diaminopimelic acid 736:757 ll-diaminopimelic acid 736:757 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 3 9 theme soy 517:519 arg1 agar/broth 521:530 on/in tryptic soy agar/broth 503:530 on/in tryptic soy agar/broth 503:530 Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. 24363295 3 10 theme range 441:445 arg1 °C 437:438 30 °C 434:438 30 °C (range 5-40 °C) 434:454 Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. 24363295 3 10 theme range 441:445 arg1 °C 452:453 range 5-40 °C 441:453 range 5-40 °C 441:453 Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. 24363295 4 11 theme several 863:869 arg1 glycolipids 871:881 several glycolipids 863:881 several glycolipids 863:881 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 6 12 theme family 1155:1160 arg1 Propionibacteriaceae 1162:1181 the family Propionibacteriaceae 1151:1181 the family Propionibacteriaceae 1151:1181 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. 24363295 4 13 theme major 562:566 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 588:600 the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0 558:600 the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0 558:600 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 3 14 theme 5-40 447:450 arg1 °C 437:438 30 °C 434:438 30 °C (range 5-40 °C) 434:454 Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. 24363295 3 14 theme 5-40 447:450 arg1 °C 452:453 range 5-40 °C 441:453 range 5-40 °C 441:453 Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. 24363295 3 15 dep °C 437:438 arg1 agar/broth 521:530 on/in tryptic soy agar/broth 503:530 on/in tryptic soy agar/broth 503:530 Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. 24363295 3 16 theme Optimal 389:395 arg1 growth 397:402 Optimal growth 389:402 Optimal growth of the strain 389:416 Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. 24363295 1 17 theme new 48:50 arg1 member 52:57 a new member 46:57 a new member of the family Propionibacteriaceae 46:92 nov., a new member of the family Propionibacteriaceae, isolated from a deep-sea sediment. 24363295 1 17 theme new 48:50 arg1 nov. 40:43 nov. 40:43 nov. 40:43 nov., a new member of the family Propionibacteriaceae, isolated from a deep-sea sediment. 24363295 5 18 theme DNA 907:909 arg1 % 923:923 67.2 mol% 915:923 67.2 mol% 915:923 The G+C content of the DNA was 67.2 mol%. 24363295 5 18 theme DNA 907:909 arg1 content 892:898 The G+C content 884:898 The G+C content of the DNA 884:909 The G+C content of the DNA was 67.2 mol%. 24363295 6 19 dep Propioniferax 1116:1128 arg1 the 1105:1107 the 1105:1107 the 1105:1107 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. 24363295 4 20 theme fatty 577:581 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 588:600 the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0 558:600 the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0 558:600 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 7 21 theme Mariniluteicoccus 1216:1232 arg1 nov. 1246:1249 Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov. 1216:1249 Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov. 1216:1249 Hence, a new genus and species, Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. 24363295 7 21 theme Mariniluteicoccus 1216:1232 arg1 genus 1197:1201 a new genus 1191:1201 a new genus 1191:1201 Hence, a new genus and species, Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. 24363295 2 22 theme m 318:318 arg1 depth 304:308 a depth 302:308 a depth of 2439 m 302:318 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus, designated strain YIM M13146(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 2439 m, and its taxonomic position was determined by a polyphasic approach. 24363295 0 23 theme flavus 18:23 arg1 sp 36:37 sp 36:37 sp 36:37 Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. 24363295 0 23 theme flavus 18:23 arg1 nov. 30:33 Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov. 0:33 Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov. 0:33 Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. 24363295 4 24 theme peptidoglycan 653:665 arg1 A3γ 672:674 peptidoglycan type A3γ 653:674 peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine 653:807 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 4 24 theme peptidoglycan 653:665 arg1 ll-DAP-Gly 677:686 ll-DAP-Gly 677:686 ll-DAP-Gly 677:686 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 6 25 theme YIM 1037:1039 arg1 T 1048:1048 T 1048:1048 T 1048:1048 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. 24363295 6 25 theme YIM 1037:1039 arg1 M13146 1041:1046 strain YIM M13146 1030:1046 strain YIM M13146(T) 1030:1049 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. 24363295 4 26 contain containing 689:698 arg1 A3γ 672:674 peptidoglycan type A3γ 653:674 peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine 653:807 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 4 26 contain containing 689:698 arg1 ll-DAP-Gly 677:686 ll-DAP-Gly 677:686 ll-DAP-Gly 677:686 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 4 26 contain containing 689:698 arg2 phosphatidylcholine 789:807 alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine 700:807 alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine 700:807 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 0 27 theme Mariniluteicoccus 0:16 arg1 sp 36:37 sp 36:37 sp 36:37 Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. 24363295 0 27 theme Mariniluteicoccus 0:16 arg1 nov. 30:33 Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov. 0:33 Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov. 0:33 Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. 24363295 4 28 contain had 554:556 arg2 A3γ 672:674 peptidoglycan type A3γ 653:674 peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine 653:807 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 4 28 contain had 554:556 arg2 MK-9 643:646 the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9 603:646 the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4) 603:650 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 4 28 contain had 554:556 arg1 M13146 544:549 Strain YIM M13146 533:549 Strain YIM M13146(T) 533:552 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 4 28 contain had 554:556 arg2 ll-DAP-Gly 677:686 ll-DAP-Gly 677:686 ll-DAP-Gly 677:686 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 4 28 contain had 554:556 arg2 anteiso-C15:0 588:600 the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0 558:600 the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0 558:600 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 4 28 contain had 554:556 arg1 T 551:551 T 551:551 T 551:551 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 4 28 contain had 554:556 arg2 H4 648:649 H4 648:649 H4 648:649 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 4 28 contain had 554:556 arg2 phospholipid 846:857 one unknown phospholipid 834:857 one unknown phospholipid 834:857 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 4 28 contain had 554:556 arg2 glycolipids 871:881 several glycolipids 863:881 several glycolipids 863:881 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 4 28 contain had 554:556 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 810:831 diphosphatidylglycerol 810:831 diphosphatidylglycerol 810:831 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 6 29 theme chemotaxonomic 941:954 arg1 characteristics 956:970 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 926:970 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 926:1016 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. 24363295 4 30 theme cellular 568:575 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 588:600 the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0 558:600 the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0 558:600 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 4 31 theme unknown 838:844 arg1 phospholipid 846:857 one unknown phospholipid 834:857 one unknown phospholipid 834:857 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 6 32 theme sequence 1000:1007 arg1 analyses 1009:1016 gene sequence analyses 995:1016 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 986:1016 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. 24363295 2 33 theme sediment 248:255 arg1 sample 257:262 a sediment sample 246:262 a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 2439 m 246:318 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus, designated strain YIM M13146(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 2439 m, and its taxonomic position was determined by a polyphasic approach. 24363295 4 34 theme menaquinone 631:641 arg1 H4 648:649 H4 648:649 H4 648:649 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 4 34 theme menaquinone 631:641 arg1 MK-9 643:646 the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9 603:646 the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4) 603:650 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 9 35 theme AB 1361:1362 arg1 2012055 1364:1370  = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055 1337:1370  = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T) 1337:1373 The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus is YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)). 24363295 9 35 theme AB 1361:1362 arg1 T 1372:1372 T 1372:1372 T 1372:1372 The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus is YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)). 24363295 0 36 theme gen. 25:28 arg1 sp 36:37 sp 36:37 sp 36:37 Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. 24363295 0 36 theme gen. 25:28 arg1 nov. 30:33 Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov. 0:33 Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov. 0:33 Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. 24363295 6 37 from relatives 1092:1100 arg1 Propioniferax 1116:1128 genera Propioniferax 1109:1128 genera Propioniferax 1109:1128 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. 24363295 6 37 from relatives 1092:1100 arg1 distinct 1055:1062 distinct 1055:1062 distinct 1055:1062 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. 24363295 6 37 from relatives 1092:1100 arg1 Granulicoccus 1134:1146 Granulicoccus 1134:1146 Granulicoccus 1134:1146 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. 24363295 4 38 theme acid 583:586 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 588:600 the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0 558:600 the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0 558:600 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 1 39 theme Propionibacteriaceae 73:92 arg1 member 52:57 a new member 46:57 a new member of the family Propionibacteriaceae 46:92 nov., a new member of the family Propionibacteriaceae, isolated from a deep-sea sediment. 24363295 1 39 theme Propionibacteriaceae 73:92 arg1 nov. 40:43 nov. 40:43 nov. 40:43 nov., a new member of the family Propionibacteriaceae, isolated from a deep-sea sediment. 24363295 2 40 theme taxonomic 329:337 arg1 position 339:346 its taxonomic position 325:346 its taxonomic position 325:346 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus, designated strain YIM M13146(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 2439 m, and its taxonomic position was determined by a polyphasic approach. 24363295 4 41 theme lipids 782:787 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 789:807 alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine 700:807 alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine 700:807 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 3 42 theme strain 411:416 arg1 growth 397:402 Optimal growth 389:402 Optimal growth of the strain 389:416 Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. 24363295 4 43 theme acid 727:730 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 789:807 alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine 700:807 alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine 700:807 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 2 44 theme YIM 213:215 arg1 T 224:224 T 224:224 T 224:224 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus, designated strain YIM M13146(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 2439 m, and its taxonomic position was determined by a polyphasic approach. 24363295 2 44 theme YIM 213:215 arg1 M13146 217:222 strain YIM M13146 206:222 strain YIM M13146(T) 206:225 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus, designated strain YIM M13146(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 2439 m, and its taxonomic position was determined by a polyphasic approach. 24363295 7 45 theme new 1193:1195 arg1 nov. 1246:1249 Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov. 1216:1249 Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov. 1216:1249 Hence, a new genus and species, Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. 24363295 7 45 theme new 1193:1195 arg1 genus 1197:1201 a new genus 1191:1201 a new genus 1191:1201 Hence, a new genus and species, Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. 24363295 6 46 dep rRNA 990:993 arg1 analyses 1009:1016 gene sequence analyses 995:1016 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 986:1016 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. 24363295 4 47 theme polar 776:780 arg1 lipids 782:787 the polar lipids 772:787 the polar lipids 772:787 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 2 48 attach isolated 232:239 arg2 coccus 187:192 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus 130:192 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus 130:192 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus, designated strain YIM M13146(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 2439 m, and its taxonomic position was determined by a polyphasic approach. 24363295 2 48 attach isolated 232:239 arg1 sample 257:262 a sediment sample 246:262 a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 2439 m 246:318 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus, designated strain YIM M13146(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 2439 m, and its taxonomic position was determined by a polyphasic approach. 24363295 4 49 theme glutamic 718:725 arg1 ll-DAP 760:765 ll-DAP 760:765 ll-DAP 760:765 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 4 49 theme glutamic 718:725 arg1 acid 727:730 glutamic acid 718:730 glutamic acid 718:730 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 5 50 theme G+C 888:890 arg1 % 923:923 67.2 mol% 915:923 67.2 mol% 915:923 The G+C content of the DNA was 67.2 mol%. 24363295 5 50 theme G+C 888:890 arg1 content 892:898 The G+C content 884:898 The G+C content of the DNA 884:909 The G+C content of the DNA was 67.2 mol%. 24363295 2 51 theme strain 206:211 arg1 T 224:224 T 224:224 T 224:224 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus, designated strain YIM M13146(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 2439 m, and its taxonomic position was determined by a polyphasic approach. 24363295 2 51 theme strain 206:211 arg1 M13146 217:222 strain YIM M13146 206:222 strain YIM M13146(T) 206:225 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus, designated strain YIM M13146(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 2439 m, and its taxonomic position was determined by a polyphasic approach. 24363295 9 52 theme  = DSM 1337:1342 arg1 2012055 1364:1370  = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055 1337:1370  = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T) 1337:1373 The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus is YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)). 24363295 9 52 theme  = DSM 1337:1342 arg1 T 1372:1372 T 1372:1372 T 1372:1372 The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus is YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)). 24363295 6 53 theme Propionibacteriaceae 1162:1181 arg1 Propioniferax 1116:1128 genera Propioniferax 1109:1128 genera Propioniferax 1109:1128 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. 24363295 6 53 theme Propionibacteriaceae 1162:1181 arg1 Granulicoccus 1134:1146 Granulicoccus 1134:1146 Granulicoccus 1134:1146 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. 24363295 9 54 theme T 1350:1350 arg1 2012055 1364:1370  = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055 1337:1370  = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T) 1337:1373 The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus is YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)). 24363295 9 54 theme T 1350:1350 arg1 T 1372:1372 T 1372:1372 T 1372:1372 The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus is YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)). 24363295 2 55 theme Gram-staining-positive 132:153 arg1 coccus 187:192 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus 130:192 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus 130:192 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus, designated strain YIM M13146(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 2439 m, and its taxonomic position was determined by a polyphasic approach. 24363295 6 56 theme strain 1030:1035 arg1 T 1048:1048 T 1048:1048 T 1048:1048 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. 24363295 6 56 theme strain 1030:1035 arg1 M13146 1041:1046 strain YIM M13146 1030:1046 strain YIM M13146(T) 1030:1049 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. 24363295 2 57 theme China 289:293 arg1 Sea 295:297 the South China Sea 279:297 the South China Sea 279:297 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus, designated strain YIM M13146(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 2439 m, and its taxonomic position was determined by a polyphasic approach. 24363295 2 58 theme polyphasic 368:377 arg1 approach 379:386 a polyphasic approach 366:386 a polyphasic approach 366:386 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus, designated strain YIM M13146(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 2439 m, and its taxonomic position was determined by a polyphasic approach. 24363295 6 59 theme 16S 986:988 arg1 rRNA 990:993 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 986:1016 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 986:1016 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. 24363295 9 60 theme YIM 1322:1324 arg1 T 1333:1333 T 1333:1333 T 1333:1333 The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus is YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)). 24363295 9 60 theme YIM 1322:1324 arg1 strain 1284:1289 The type strain 1275:1289 The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus 1275:1317 The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus is YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)). 24363295 9 60 theme YIM 1322:1324 arg1 M13146 1326:1331 YIM M13146 1322:1331 YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)) 1322:1374 The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus is YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)). 24363295 9 61 theme  = CCTCC 1352:1359 arg1 2012055 1364:1370  = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055 1337:1370  = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T) 1337:1373 The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus is YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)). 24363295 9 61 theme  = CCTCC 1352:1359 arg1 T 1372:1372 T 1372:1372 T 1372:1372 The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus is YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)). 24363295 3 62 located observed 422:429 arg1 pH 465:466 pH 6.0-9.0 465:474 pH 6.0-9.0 465:474 Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. 24363295 3 62 located observed 422:429 arg2 growth 397:402 Optimal growth 389:402 Optimal growth of the strain 389:416 Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. 24363295 3 62 located observed 422:429 arg1 NaCl 486:489 0-1% NaCl 481:489 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) 481:501 Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. 24363295 3 62 located observed 422:429 arg1 °C 452:453 range 5-40 °C 441:453 range 5-40 °C 441:453 Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. 24363295 3 62 located observed 422:429 arg1 pH 457:458 pH 7.0 457:462 pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) 457:475 Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. 24363295 3 62 located observed 422:429 arg1 °C 437:438 30 °C 434:438 30 °C (range 5-40 °C) 434:454 Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. 24363295 2 63 theme South 283:287 arg1 Sea 295:297 the South China Sea 279:297 the South China Sea 279:297 A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus, designated strain YIM M13146(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 2439 m, and its taxonomic position was determined by a polyphasic approach. 24363295 7 64 theme flavus 1234:1239 arg1 nov. 1246:1249 Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov. 1216:1249 Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov. 1216:1249 Hence, a new genus and species, Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. 24363295 7 64 theme flavus 1234:1239 arg1 genus 1197:1201 a new genus 1191:1201 a new genus 1191:1201 Hence, a new genus and species, Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. 24363295 4 65 theme YIM 540:542 arg1 T 551:551 T 551:551 T 551:551 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 4 65 theme YIM 540:542 arg1 M13146 544:549 Strain YIM M13146 533:549 Strain YIM M13146(T) 533:552 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 3 66 theme on/in 503:507 arg1 agar/broth 521:530 on/in tryptic soy agar/broth 503:530 on/in tryptic soy agar/broth 503:530 Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. 24363295 3 67 theme 0-1 481:483 arg1 NaCl 486:489 0-1% NaCl 481:489 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) 481:501 Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. 24363295 4 68 theme respiratory 619:629 arg1 H4 648:649 H4 648:649 H4 648:649 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 4 68 theme respiratory 619:629 arg1 MK-9 643:646 the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9 603:646 the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4) 603:650 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 6 69 theme genera 1109:1114 arg1 Propioniferax 1116:1128 genera Propioniferax 1109:1128 genera Propioniferax 1109:1128 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. 24363295 1 70 theme family 66:71 arg1 Propionibacteriaceae 73:92 the family Propionibacteriaceae 62:92 the family Propionibacteriaceae 62:92 nov., a new member of the family Propionibacteriaceae, isolated from a deep-sea sediment. 24363295 3 71 dep NaCl 486:489 arg1 w/v 498:500 w/v 498:500 w/v 498:500 Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. 24363295 3 71 dep NaCl 486:489 arg1 % 495:495 0-6% 492:495 0-6% 492:495 Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. 24363295 4 72 theme alanine 700:706 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 789:807 alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine 700:807 alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine 700:807 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 3 73 theme % 484:484 arg1 NaCl 486:489 0-1% NaCl 481:489 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) 481:501 Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. 24363295 9 74 dep M13146 1326:1331 arg1 2012055 1364:1370  = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055 1337:1370  = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T) 1337:1373 The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus is YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)). 24363295 9 74 dep M13146 1326:1331 arg1 T 1372:1372 T 1372:1372 T 1372:1372 The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus is YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)). 24363295 9 75 theme type 1279:1282 arg1 strain 1284:1289 The type strain 1275:1289 The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus 1275:1317 The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus is YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)). 24363295 9 75 theme type 1279:1282 arg1 M13146 1326:1331 YIM M13146 1322:1331 YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)) 1322:1374 The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus is YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)). 24363295 7 76 dep sp 1252:1253 arg1 nov. 1246:1249 Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov. 1216:1249 Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov. 1216:1249 Hence, a new genus and species, Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. 24363295 7 76 dep sp 1252:1253 arg1 species 1207:1213 species 1207:1213 species 1207:1213 Hence, a new genus and species, Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. 24363295 7 76 dep sp 1252:1253 arg1 genus 1197:1201 a new genus 1191:1201 a new genus 1191:1201 Hence, a new genus and species, Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. 24363295 7 77 theme gen. 1241:1244 arg1 nov. 1246:1249 Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov. 1216:1249 Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov. 1216:1249 Hence, a new genus and species, Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. 24363295 7 77 theme gen. 1241:1244 arg1 genus 1197:1201 a new genus 1191:1201 a new genus 1191:1201 Hence, a new genus and species, Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. 24363295 4 78 theme predominant 607:617 arg1 H4 648:649 H4 648:649 H4 648:649 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 4 78 theme predominant 607:617 arg1 MK-9 643:646 the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9 603:646 the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4) 603:650 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 1 79 theme deep-sea 111:118 arg1 sediment 120:127 a deep-sea sediment 109:127 a deep-sea sediment 109:127 nov., a new member of the family Propionibacteriaceae, isolated from a deep-sea sediment. 24363295 6 80 theme Phenotypic 926:935 arg1 characteristics 956:970 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 926:970 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 926:1016 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. 24363295 6 81 theme gene 995:998 arg1 analyses 1009:1016 gene sequence analyses 995:1016 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 986:1016 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. 24363295 4 82 theme Strain 533:538 arg1 T 551:551 T 551:551 T 551:551 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24363295 4 82 theme Strain 533:538 arg1 M13146 544:549 Strain YIM M13146 533:549 Strain YIM M13146(T) 533:552 Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. 24052627 8 0 theme cellular 779:786 arg1 acids 794:798 The major cellular fatty acids 769:798 The major cellular fatty acids 769:798 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). 24052627 8 0 theme cellular 779:786 arg1 acids 824:828 iso-branched fatty acids 805:828 iso-branched fatty acids 805:828 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). 24052627 10 1 theme Anoxybacillus 1123:1135 arg1 DSM 1147:1149 Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127 1123:1155 Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) 1123:1158 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 10 1 theme Anoxybacillus 1123:1135 arg1 T 1157:1157 T 1157:1157 T 1157:1157 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 3 2 theme optimum 432:438 arg1 pH 420:421 pH 6.5-9.0 420:429 pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum pH 8.0-8.5) 420:450 The isolate could grow at temperatures between 35 and 70 °C (optimum 55 °C), at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum pH 8.0-8.5) and with 0-2.5 % NaCl (optimum 0.5 %, w/v). 24052627 3 2 theme optimum 432:438 arg1 pH 440:441 optimum pH 8.0-8.5 432:449 optimum pH 8.0-8.5 432:449 The isolate could grow at temperatures between 35 and 70 °C (optimum 55 °C), at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum pH 8.0-8.5) and with 0-2.5 % NaCl (optimum 0.5 %, w/v). 24052627 6 3 theme diagnostic 676:685 arg1 acid 664:667 meso-diaminopimelic acid 644:667 meso-diaminopimelic acid 644:667 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24052627 6 3 theme diagnostic 676:685 arg1 acid 695:698 the diagnostic diamino acid 672:698 the diagnostic diamino acid 672:698 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24052627 3 4 theme 0-2.5  461:466 arg1 % 467:467 % 467:467 % 467:467 The isolate could grow at temperatures between 35 and 70 °C (optimum 55 °C), at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum pH 8.0-8.5) and with 0-2.5 % NaCl (optimum 0.5 %, w/v). 24052627 10 5 dep showed 1080:1085 arg1 both 1207:1210 both 1207:1210 both 1207:1210 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 8 6 theme iso-branched 805:816 arg1 acids 794:798 The major cellular fatty acids 769:798 The major cellular fatty acids 769:798 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). 24052627 8 6 theme iso-branched 805:816 arg1 acids 824:828 iso-branched fatty acids 805:828 iso-branched fatty acids 805:828 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). 24052627 8 7 dep  0 865:866 arg1 % 874:874 28.0 % 869:874 28.0 % 869:874 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). 24052627 2 8 from plant 322:326 arg1 Denizli 331:337 Denizli 331:337 Denizli 331:337 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain C161ab(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli. 24052627 1 9 attach isolated 57:64 arg2 bacterium 47:55 a thermophilic bacterium 32:55 a thermophilic bacterium isolated from soil near a thermal power plant 32:101 nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from soil near a thermal power plant. 24052627 1 9 attach isolated 57:64 arg1 soil 71:74 soil 71:74 soil 71:74 nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from soil near a thermal power plant. 24052627 6 10 theme meso-diaminopimelic 644:662 arg1 acid 664:667 meso-diaminopimelic acid 644:667 meso-diaminopimelic acid 644:667 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24052627 6 10 theme meso-diaminopimelic 644:662 arg1 acid 695:698 the diagnostic diamino acid 672:698 the diagnostic diamino acid 672:698 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24052627 3 11 theme optimum 475:481 arg1 w/v 490:492 w/v 490:492 w/v 490:492 The isolate could grow at temperatures between 35 and 70 °C (optimum 55 °C), at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum pH 8.0-8.5) and with 0-2.5 % NaCl (optimum 0.5 %, w/v). 24052627 3 11 theme optimum 475:481 arg1 % 487:487 optimum 0.5 % 475:487 optimum 0.5 % 475:487 The isolate could grow at temperatures between 35 and 70 °C (optimum 55 °C), at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum pH 8.0-8.5) and with 0-2.5 % NaCl (optimum 0.5 %, w/v). 24052627 4 12 theme cream-coloured 514:527 arg1 colonies 539:546 cream-coloured, circular colonies 514:546 cream-coloured, circular colonies 514:546 The strain formed cream-coloured, circular colonies and tolerated up to 70 mM boron. 24052627 9 13 theme rRNA 956:959 arg1 gene 961:964 the 16S rRNA gene 948:964 the 16S rRNA gene 948:964 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed 94.6-96.8 % sequence similarity with all recognized species of the genus Anoxybacillus. 24052627 2 14 theme soil 259:262 arg1 sample 264:269 a soil sample 257:269 a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli 257:337 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain C161ab(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli. 24052627 5 15 theme G+C 589:591 arg1 content 593:599 Its DNA G+C content 581:599 Its DNA G+C content 581:599 Its DNA G+C content was 37.8 mol%. 24052627 2 16 theme strain 221:226 arg1 T 235:235 T 235:235 T 235:235 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain C161ab(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli. 24052627 2 16 theme strain 221:226 arg1 bacterium 210:218 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium 104:218 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium 104:218 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain C161ab(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli. 24052627 2 16 theme strain 221:226 arg1 C161ab 228:233 strain C161ab 221:233 strain C161ab(T) 221:236 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain C161ab(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli. 24052627 12 17 theme Anoxybacillus 1673:1685 arg1 species 1664:1670 a novel species 1656:1670 a novel species 1656:1670 On the basis of the results obtained from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic fingerprinting, phylogenetic and hybridization analyses, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species, Anoxybacillus calidus sp. 24052627 12 17 theme Anoxybacillus 1673:1685 arg1 sp 1695:1696 Anoxybacillus calidus sp 1673:1696 Anoxybacillus calidus sp 1673:1696 On the basis of the results obtained from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic fingerprinting, phylogenetic and hybridization analyses, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species, Anoxybacillus calidus sp. 24052627 12 18 dep results 1504:1510 arg1 the 1487:1489 the 1487:1489 the 1487:1489 On the basis of the results obtained from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic fingerprinting, phylogenetic and hybridization analyses, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species, Anoxybacillus calidus sp. 24052627 12 18 dep results 1504:1510 arg1 basis 1491:1495 basis 1491:1495 basis 1491:1495 On the basis of the results obtained from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic fingerprinting, phylogenetic and hybridization analyses, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species, Anoxybacillus calidus sp. 24052627 9 19 theme % 985:985 arg1 similarity 996:1005 94.6-96.8 % sequence similarity 975:1005 94.6-96.8 % sequence similarity with all recognized species of the genus Anoxybacillus 975:1060 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed 94.6-96.8 % sequence similarity with all recognized species of the genus Anoxybacillus. 24052627 2 20 attach isolated 243:250 arg2 bacterium 210:218 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium 104:218 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium 104:218 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain C161ab(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli. 24052627 2 20 attach isolated 243:250 arg2 C161ab 228:233 strain C161ab 221:233 strain C161ab(T) 221:236 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain C161ab(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli. 24052627 2 20 attach isolated 243:250 arg1 sample 264:269 a soil sample 257:269 a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli 257:337 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain C161ab(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli. 24052627 1 21 dep bacterium 47:55 arg1 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from soil near a thermal power plant. 24052627 11 22 theme closest 1391:1397 arg1 relatives 1399:1407 the closest relatives 1387:1407 the closest relatives of strain C161ab(T), A. rupiensis (21.2 %) and A. voinovskiensis (16.5 %) 1387:1481 DNA-DNA hybridization revealed low levels of relatedness with the closest relatives of strain C161ab(T), A. rupiensis (21.2 %) and A. voinovskiensis (16.5 %). 24052627 3 23 dep NaCl 469:472 arg1 w/v 490:492 w/v 490:492 w/v 490:492 The isolate could grow at temperatures between 35 and 70 °C (optimum 55 °C), at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum pH 8.0-8.5) and with 0-2.5 % NaCl (optimum 0.5 %, w/v). 24052627 3 23 dep NaCl 469:472 arg1 % 487:487 optimum 0.5 % 475:487 optimum 0.5 % 475:487 The isolate could grow at temperatures between 35 and 70 °C (optimum 55 °C), at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum pH 8.0-8.5) and with 0-2.5 % NaCl (optimum 0.5 %, w/v). 24052627 10 24 theme Anoxybacillus 1164:1176 arg1 DSM 1193:1195 Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075 1164:1201 Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T) 1164:1204 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 10 24 theme Anoxybacillus 1164:1176 arg1 T 1203:1203 T 1203:1203 T 1203:1203 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 6 25 contain contained 634:642 arg2 acid 695:698 the diagnostic diamino acid 672:698 the diagnostic diamino acid 672:698 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24052627 6 25 contain contained 634:642 arg2 acid 664:667 meso-diaminopimelic acid 644:667 meso-diaminopimelic acid 644:667 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24052627 6 25 contain contained 634:642 arg1 peptidoglycan 620:632 The peptidoglycan 616:632 The peptidoglycan 616:632 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24052627 9 26 theme Phylogenetic 917:928 arg1 analysis 930:937 Phylogenetic analysis 917:937 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene 917:964 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed 94.6-96.8 % sequence similarity with all recognized species of the genus Anoxybacillus. 24052627 11 27 theme C161ab 1419:1424 arg1 relatives 1399:1407 the closest relatives 1387:1407 the closest relatives of strain C161ab(T), A. rupiensis (21.2 %) and A. voinovskiensis (16.5 %) 1387:1481 DNA-DNA hybridization revealed low levels of relatedness with the closest relatives of strain C161ab(T), A. rupiensis (21.2 %) and A. voinovskiensis (16.5 %). 24052627 4 28 dep mM 571:572 arg1 70 568:569 70 568:569 70 568:569 The strain formed cream-coloured, circular colonies and tolerated up to 70 mM boron. 24052627 8 29 dep iso-C15  831:838 arg1  0 865:866  0 865:866  0 865:866 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). 24052627 8 29 dep iso-C15  831:838 arg1 % 849:849 52.2 % 844:849 52.2 % 844:849 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). 24052627 8 29 dep iso-C15  831:838 arg1  0 840:841  0 840:841  0 840:841 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). 24052627 8 29 dep iso-C15  831:838 arg1  0 905:906  0 905:906  0 905:906 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). 24052627 8 29 dep iso-C15  831:838 arg1 % 913:913 7.4 % 909:913 7.4 % 909:913 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). 24052627 5 30 theme mol 610:612 arg1 % 613:613 37.8 mol% 605:613 37.8 mol% 605:613 Its DNA G+C content was 37.8 mol%. 24052627 9 31 theme Anoxybacillus 1048:1060 arg1 species 1027:1033 all recognized species 1012:1033 all recognized species of the genus Anoxybacillus 1012:1060 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed 94.6-96.8 % sequence similarity with all recognized species of the genus Anoxybacillus. 24052627 8 32 dep acids 824:828 arg1 iso-C15  831:838 iso-C15  831:838 iso-C15  831:838 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). 24052627 0 33 theme Anoxybacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 22:23 Anoxybacillus calidus sp 0:23 Anoxybacillus calidus sp. 0:24 Anoxybacillus calidus sp. 24052627 2 34 dep thermophilic 112:123 arg1 motile 191:196 motile 191:196 motile 191:196 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain C161ab(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli. 24052627 2 34 dep thermophilic 112:123 arg1 endospore-forming 172:188 endospore-forming 172:188 endospore-forming 172:188 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain C161ab(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli. 24052627 2 34 dep thermophilic 112:123 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 126:144 Gram-stain-positive 126:144 Gram-stain-positive 126:144 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain C161ab(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli. 24052627 2 34 dep thermophilic 112:123 arg1 anaerobic 161:169 anaerobic 161:169 anaerobic 161:169 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain C161ab(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli. 24052627 2 34 dep thermophilic 112:123 arg1 rod-shaped 199:208 rod-shaped 199:208 rod-shaped 199:208 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain C161ab(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli. 24052627 1 35 theme power 91:95 arg1 plant 97:101 a thermal power plant 81:101 a thermal power plant 81:101 nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from soil near a thermal power plant. 24052627 3 36 theme optimum 401:407 arg1 °C 397:398 35 and 70 °C 387:398 35 and 70 °C (optimum 55 °C) 387:414 The isolate could grow at temperatures between 35 and 70 °C (optimum 55 °C), at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum pH 8.0-8.5) and with 0-2.5 % NaCl (optimum 0.5 %, w/v). 24052627 3 36 theme optimum 401:407 arg1 °C 412:413 optimum 55 °C 401:413 optimum 55 °C 401:413 The isolate could grow at temperatures between 35 and 70 °C (optimum 55 °C), at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum pH 8.0-8.5) and with 0-2.5 % NaCl (optimum 0.5 %, w/v). 24052627 2 37 theme power 316:320 arg1 plant 322:326 Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant 286:326 plant 322:326 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain C161ab(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli. 24052627 10 38 theme 96.8  1216:1220 arg1 similarity 1223:1232 96.8 % similarity 1216:1232 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %) 1216:1322 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 10 39 theme Strain 1063:1068 arg1 T 1077:1077 T 1077:1077 T 1077:1077 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 10 39 theme Strain 1063:1068 arg1 C161ab 1070:1075 Strain C161ab 1063:1075 Strain C161ab(T) 1063:1078 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 8 40 theme major 773:777 arg1 acids 794:798 The major cellular fatty acids 769:798 The major cellular fatty acids 769:798 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). 24052627 8 40 theme major 773:777 arg1 acids 824:828 iso-branched fatty acids 805:828 iso-branched fatty acids 805:828 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). 24052627 11 41 theme relatedness 1370:1380 arg1 levels 1360:1365 low levels 1356:1365 low levels of relatedness with the closest relatives of strain C161ab(T), A. rupiensis (21.2 %) and A. voinovskiensis (16.5 %) 1356:1481 DNA-DNA hybridization revealed low levels of relatedness with the closest relatives of strain C161ab(T), A. rupiensis (21.2 %) and A. voinovskiensis (16.5 %). 24052627 1 42 theme thermophilic 34:45 arg1 bacterium 47:55 a thermophilic bacterium 32:55 a thermophilic bacterium isolated from soil near a thermal power plant 32:101 nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from soil near a thermal power plant. 24052627 8 43 theme fatty 788:792 arg1 acids 794:798 The major cellular fatty acids 769:798 The major cellular fatty acids 769:798 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). 24052627 8 43 theme fatty 788:792 arg1 acids 824:828 iso-branched fatty acids 805:828 iso-branched fatty acids 805:828 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). 24052627 10 44 theme strain 1237:1242 arg1 C161ab 1244:1249 strain C161ab 1237:1249 strain C161ab(T) 1237:1252 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 10 44 theme strain 1237:1242 arg1 T 1251:1251 T 1251:1251 T 1251:1251 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 8 45 theme C16  900:903 arg1 C16  900:903 C16  900:903 C16  900:903 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). 24052627 8 45 theme C16  900:903 arg1 amounts 889:895 small amounts 883:895 small amounts of C16  883:903 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). 24052627 6 46 theme diamino 687:693 arg1 acid 664:667 meso-diaminopimelic acid 644:667 meso-diaminopimelic acid 644:667 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24052627 6 46 theme diamino 687:693 arg1 acid 695:698 the diagnostic diamino acid 672:698 the diagnostic diamino acid 672:698 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24052627 12 47 theme hybridization 1595:1607 arg1 analyses 1609:1616 hybridization analyses 1595:1616 hybridization analyses 1595:1616 On the basis of the results obtained from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic fingerprinting, phylogenetic and hybridization analyses, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species, Anoxybacillus calidus sp. 24052627 8 48 theme fatty 818:822 arg1 acids 794:798 The major cellular fatty acids 769:798 The major cellular fatty acids 769:798 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). 24052627 8 48 theme fatty 818:822 arg1 acids 824:828 iso-branched fatty acids 805:828 iso-branched fatty acids 805:828 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). 24052627 11 49 theme DNA-DNA 1325:1331 arg1 hybridization 1333:1345 DNA-DNA hybridization 1325:1345 DNA-DNA hybridization 1325:1345 DNA-DNA hybridization revealed low levels of relatedness with the closest relatives of strain C161ab(T), A. rupiensis (21.2 %) and A. voinovskiensis (16.5 %). 24052627 10 50 theme sequence 1100:1107 arg1 similarity 1109:1118 the greatest sequence similarity 1087:1118 the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T) 1087:1204 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 11 51 with relatedness 1370:1380 arg1 relatives 1399:1407 the closest relatives 1387:1407 the closest relatives of strain C161ab(T), A. rupiensis (21.2 %) and A. voinovskiensis (16.5 %) 1387:1481 DNA-DNA hybridization revealed low levels of relatedness with the closest relatives of strain C161ab(T), A. rupiensis (21.2 %) and A. voinovskiensis (16.5 %). 24052627 10 52 theme Anoxybacillus 1269:1281 arg1 DSM 1302:1304 Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730 1269:1310 Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %) 1269:1322 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 10 52 theme Anoxybacillus 1269:1281 arg1 T 1312:1312 T 1312:1312 T 1312:1312 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 10 52 theme Anoxybacillus 1269:1281 arg1 % 1321:1321 96.6 % 1316:1321 96.6 % 1316:1321 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 2 53 theme thermophilic 112:123 arg1 bacterium 210:218 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium 104:218 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium 104:218 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain C161ab(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli. 24052627 2 53 theme thermophilic 112:123 arg1 C161ab 228:233 strain C161ab 221:233 strain C161ab(T) 221:236 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain C161ab(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli. 24052627 4 54 theme tolerated 552:560 arg1 boron 574:578 tolerated up to 70 mM boron 552:578 tolerated up to 70 mM boron 552:578 The strain formed cream-coloured, circular colonies and tolerated up to 70 mM boron. 24052627 9 55 theme 16S 952:954 arg1 gene 961:964 the 16S rRNA gene 948:964 the 16S rRNA gene 948:964 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed 94.6-96.8 % sequence similarity with all recognized species of the genus Anoxybacillus. 24052627 3 56 theme % 467:467 arg1 NaCl 469:472 0-2.5 % NaCl 461:472 0-2.5 % NaCl (optimum 0.5 %, w/v) 461:493 The isolate could grow at temperatures between 35 and 70 °C (optimum 55 °C), at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum pH 8.0-8.5) and with 0-2.5 % NaCl (optimum 0.5 %, w/v). 24052627 12 57 dep phenotypic 1526:1535 arg1 genomic 1554:1560 genomic 1554:1560 genomic 1554:1560 On the basis of the results obtained from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic fingerprinting, phylogenetic and hybridization analyses, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species, Anoxybacillus calidus sp. 24052627 12 57 dep phenotypic 1526:1535 arg1 chemotaxonomic 1538:1551 chemotaxonomic 1538:1551 chemotaxonomic 1538:1551 On the basis of the results obtained from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic fingerprinting, phylogenetic and hybridization analyses, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species, Anoxybacillus calidus sp. 24052627 5 58 theme DNA 585:587 arg1 content 593:599 Its DNA G+C content 581:599 Its DNA G+C content 581:599 Its DNA G+C content was 37.8 mol%. 24052627 7 59 theme Strain 701:706 arg1 C161ab 708:713 Strain C161ab 701:713 Strain C161ab(T) 701:716 Strain C161ab(T) contained menaquinones MK-7 (96 %) and MK-6 (4 %). 24052627 7 59 theme Strain 701:706 arg1 T 715:715 T 715:715 T 715:715 Strain C161ab(T) contained menaquinones MK-7 (96 %) and MK-6 (4 %). 24052627 9 60 theme 94.6-96.8  975:984 arg1 % 985:985 % 985:985 % 985:985 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed 94.6-96.8 % sequence similarity with all recognized species of the genus Anoxybacillus. 24052627 3 61 theme 0.5  483:486 arg1 w/v 490:492 w/v 490:492 w/v 490:492 The isolate could grow at temperatures between 35 and 70 °C (optimum 55 °C), at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum pH 8.0-8.5) and with 0-2.5 % NaCl (optimum 0.5 %, w/v). 24052627 3 61 theme 0.5  483:486 arg1 % 487:487 optimum 0.5 % 475:487 optimum 0.5 % 475:487 The isolate could grow at temperatures between 35 and 70 °C (optimum 55 °C), at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum pH 8.0-8.5) and with 0-2.5 % NaCl (optimum 0.5 %, w/v). 24052627 10 62 theme rupiensis 1137:1145 arg1 DSM 1147:1149 Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127 1123:1155 Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) 1123:1158 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 10 62 theme rupiensis 1137:1145 arg1 T 1157:1157 T 1157:1157 T 1157:1157 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 9 63 theme sequence 987:994 arg1 similarity 996:1005 94.6-96.8 % sequence similarity 975:1005 94.6-96.8 % sequence similarity with all recognized species of the genus Anoxybacillus 975:1060 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed 94.6-96.8 % sequence similarity with all recognized species of the genus Anoxybacillus. 24052627 12 64 theme calidus 1687:1693 arg1 species 1664:1670 a novel species 1656:1670 a novel species 1656:1670 On the basis of the results obtained from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic fingerprinting, phylogenetic and hybridization analyses, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species, Anoxybacillus calidus sp. 24052627 12 64 theme calidus 1687:1693 arg1 sp 1695:1696 Anoxybacillus calidus sp 1673:1696 Anoxybacillus calidus sp 1673:1696 On the basis of the results obtained from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic fingerprinting, phylogenetic and hybridization analyses, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species, Anoxybacillus calidus sp. 24052627 11 65 theme strain 1412:1417 arg1 rupiensis 1433:1441 A. rupiensis 1430:1441 A. rupiensis (21.2 %) 1430:1450 DNA-DNA hybridization revealed low levels of relatedness with the closest relatives of strain C161ab(T), A. rupiensis (21.2 %) and A. voinovskiensis (16.5 %). 24052627 11 65 theme strain 1412:1417 arg1 T 1426:1426 T 1426:1426 T 1426:1426 DNA-DNA hybridization revealed low levels of relatedness with the closest relatives of strain C161ab(T), A. rupiensis (21.2 %) and A. voinovskiensis (16.5 %). 24052627 11 65 theme strain 1412:1417 arg1 voinovskiensis 1459:1472 A. voinovskiensis 1456:1472 A. voinovskiensis (16.5 %) 1456:1481 DNA-DNA hybridization revealed low levels of relatedness with the closest relatives of strain C161ab(T), A. rupiensis (21.2 %) and A. voinovskiensis (16.5 %). 24052627 11 65 theme strain 1412:1417 arg1 C161ab 1419:1424 strain C161ab 1412:1424 strain C161ab(T) 1412:1427 DNA-DNA hybridization revealed low levels of relatedness with the closest relatives of strain C161ab(T), A. rupiensis (21.2 %) and A. voinovskiensis (16.5 %). 24052627 9 66 theme recognized 1016:1025 arg1 species 1027:1033 all recognized species 1012:1033 all recognized species of the genus Anoxybacillus 1012:1060 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed 94.6-96.8 % sequence similarity with all recognized species of the genus Anoxybacillus. 24052627 12 67 theme novel 1658:1662 arg1 species 1664:1670 a novel species 1656:1670 a novel species 1656:1670 On the basis of the results obtained from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic fingerprinting, phylogenetic and hybridization analyses, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species, Anoxybacillus calidus sp. 24052627 12 67 theme novel 1658:1662 arg1 sp 1695:1696 Anoxybacillus calidus sp 1673:1696 Anoxybacillus calidus sp 1673:1696 On the basis of the results obtained from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic fingerprinting, phylogenetic and hybridization analyses, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species, Anoxybacillus calidus sp. 24052627 12 68 theme phenotypic 1526:1535 arg1 fingerprinting 1562:1575 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic fingerprinting 1526:1575 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic fingerprinting 1526:1575 On the basis of the results obtained from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic fingerprinting, phylogenetic and hybridization analyses, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species, Anoxybacillus calidus sp. 24052627 4 69 dep boron 574:578 arg1 mM 571:572 mM 571:572 mM 571:572 The strain formed cream-coloured, circular colonies and tolerated up to 70 mM boron. 24052627 9 70 with similarity 996:1005 arg1 species 1027:1033 all recognized species 1012:1033 all recognized species of the genus Anoxybacillus 1012:1060 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed 94.6-96.8 % sequence similarity with all recognized species of the genus Anoxybacillus. 24052627 9 71 theme genus 1042:1046 arg1 Anoxybacillus 1048:1060 the genus Anoxybacillus 1038:1060 the genus Anoxybacillus 1038:1060 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed 94.6-96.8 % sequence similarity with all recognized species of the genus Anoxybacillus. 24052627 4 72 dep 70 568:569 arg1 to 565:566 to 565:566 to 565:566 The strain formed cream-coloured, circular colonies and tolerated up to 70 mM boron. 24052627 0 73 theme calidus 14:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Anoxybacillus calidus sp 0:23 Anoxybacillus calidus sp. 0:24 Anoxybacillus calidus sp. 24052627 10 74 theme caldiproteolyticus 1283:1300 arg1 DSM 1302:1304 Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730 1269:1310 Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %) 1269:1322 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 10 74 theme caldiproteolyticus 1283:1300 arg1 T 1312:1312 T 1312:1312 T 1312:1312 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 10 74 theme caldiproteolyticus 1283:1300 arg1 % 1321:1321 96.6 % 1316:1321 96.6 % 1316:1321 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 10 75 theme voinovskiensis 1178:1191 arg1 DSM 1193:1195 Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075 1164:1201 Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T) 1164:1204 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 10 75 theme voinovskiensis 1178:1191 arg1 T 1203:1203 T 1203:1203 T 1203:1203 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 1 76 theme thermal 83:89 arg1 plant 97:101 a thermal power plant 81:101 a thermal power plant 81:101 nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from soil near a thermal power plant. 24052627 11 77 theme low 1356:1358 arg1 levels 1360:1365 low levels 1356:1365 low levels of relatedness with the closest relatives of strain C161ab(T), A. rupiensis (21.2 %) and A. voinovskiensis (16.5 %) 1356:1481 DNA-DNA hybridization revealed low levels of relatedness with the closest relatives of strain C161ab(T), A. rupiensis (21.2 %) and A. voinovskiensis (16.5 %). 24052627 4 78 dep cream-coloured 514:527 arg1 circular 530:537 circular 530:537 circular 530:537 The strain formed cream-coloured, circular colonies and tolerated up to 70 mM boron. 24052627 10 79 theme % 1221:1221 arg1 similarity 1223:1232 96.8 % similarity 1216:1232 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %) 1216:1322 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 2 80 theme Saraykoy-Buharkent 297:314 arg1 plant 322:326 Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant 286:326 plant 322:326 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain C161ab(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli. 24052627 8 81 theme small 883:887 arg1 C16  900:903 C16  900:903 C16  900:903 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). 24052627 8 81 theme small 883:887 arg1 amounts 889:895 small amounts 883:895 small amounts of C16  883:903 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). 24052627 7 82 contain contained 718:726 arg2 MK-7 741:744 MK-7 741:744 MK-7 741:744 Strain C161ab(T) contained menaquinones MK-7 (96 %) and MK-6 (4 %). 24052627 7 82 contain contained 718:726 arg2 % 750:750 96 % 747:750 96 % 747:750 Strain C161ab(T) contained menaquinones MK-7 (96 %) and MK-6 (4 %). 24052627 7 82 contain contained 718:726 arg2 % 765:765 4 % 763:765 4 % 763:765 Strain C161ab(T) contained menaquinones MK-7 (96 %) and MK-6 (4 %). 24052627 7 82 contain contained 718:726 arg1 C161ab 708:713 Strain C161ab 701:713 Strain C161ab(T) 701:716 Strain C161ab(T) contained menaquinones MK-7 (96 %) and MK-6 (4 %). 24052627 7 82 contain contained 718:726 arg2 MK-6 757:760 MK-6 757:760 MK-6 757:760 Strain C161ab(T) contained menaquinones MK-7 (96 %) and MK-6 (4 %). 24052627 7 82 contain contained 718:726 arg1 T 715:715 T 715:715 T 715:715 Strain C161ab(T) contained menaquinones MK-7 (96 %) and MK-6 (4 %). 24052627 10 83 theme greatest 1091:1098 arg1 similarity 1109:1118 the greatest sequence similarity 1087:1118 the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T) 1087:1204 Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). 24052627 2 84 theme Kizildere 286:294 arg1 plant 322:326 Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant 286:326 plant 322:326 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain C161ab(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli. 24052627 2 85 theme novel 106:110 arg1 bacterium 210:218 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium 104:218 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium 104:218 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain C161ab(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli. 24052627 2 85 theme novel 106:110 arg1 C161ab 228:233 strain C161ab 221:233 strain C161ab(T) 221:236 A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain C161ab(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli. 24818131 0 0 theme cellular 71:78 arg1 proteins 89:96 cellular response proteins 71:96 cellular response proteins induced by biomaterials 71:120 Characterization of silk fibroin modified surface: a proteomic view of cellular response proteins induced by biomaterials. 24818131 6 1 from evaluation 989:998 arg1 biopolymer 1020:1029 biopolymer 1020:1029 biopolymer 1020:1029 Through this study, utilization of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in evaluation of cell adhesion on biopolymer was proposed. 24818131 1 2 theme study 143:147 arg1 purpose 127:133 The purpose 123:133 The purpose of this study 123:147 The purpose of this study was to develop the pathway of silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation. 24818131 1 3 theme induced 216:222 arg1 protein 238:244 silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein 179:244 silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation 179:255 The purpose of this study was to develop the pathway of silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation. 24818131 6 4 theme mass 951:954 arg1 proteomics 975:984 mass spectrometry-based proteomics 951:984 mass spectrometry-based proteomics 951:984 Through this study, utilization of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in evaluation of cell adhesion on biopolymer was proposed. 24818131 4 5 theme CNTs/SF 650:656 arg1 electrodes 658:667 CNTs/SF electrodes 650:667 CNTs/SF electrodes 650:667 The amount of adhered fibroblasts on CNTs/SF electrodes of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) greatly exceeded those on other surfaces. 24818131 1 6 theme cell 224:227 arg1 protein 238:244 silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein 179:244 silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation 179:255 The purpose of this study was to develop the pathway of silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation. 24818131 0 7 theme proteins 89:96 arg1 view 63:66 a proteomic view 51:66 surface: a proteomic view of cellular response proteins induced by biomaterials 42:120 Characterization of silk fibroin modified surface: a proteomic view of cellular response proteins induced by biomaterials. 24818131 1 8 theme membrane 229:236 arg1 protein 238:244 silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein 179:244 silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation 179:255 The purpose of this study was to develop the pathway of silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation. 24818131 0 9 theme response 80:87 arg1 proteins 89:96 cellular response proteins 71:96 cellular response proteins induced by biomaterials 71:120 Characterization of silk fibroin modified surface: a proteomic view of cellular response proteins induced by biomaterials. 24818131 3 10 theme surface 519:525 arg1 area 527:530 the surface area 515:530 the surface area 515:530 The surface was covered by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and SF to increase the surface area, enhance the adhesion of biopolymer, and promote the rate of cell proliferation. 24818131 1 11 theme protein 238:244 arg1 activation 246:255 silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation 179:255 silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation 179:255 The purpose of this study was to develop the pathway of silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation. 24818131 5 12 from expressions 789:799 arg1 surface 842:848 the biopolymer surface 827:848 the biopolymer surface by proteomic approaches 827:872 Moreover, analyzing differential protein expressions of adhered fibroblasts on the biopolymer surface by proteomic approaches indicated that CD44 may be a key protein. 24818131 5 13 theme adhered 804:810 arg1 fibroblasts 812:822 adhered fibroblasts 804:822 adhered fibroblasts 804:822 Moreover, analyzing differential protein expressions of adhered fibroblasts on the biopolymer surface by proteomic approaches indicated that CD44 may be a key protein. 24818131 4 14 theme other 732:736 arg1 surfaces 738:745 other surfaces 732:745 other surfaces 732:745 The amount of adhered fibroblasts on CNTs/SF electrodes of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) greatly exceeded those on other surfaces. 24818131 6 15 theme proteomics 975:984 arg1 utilization 936:946 utilization 936:946 utilization of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in evaluation of cell adhesion on biopolymer 936:1029 Through this study, utilization of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in evaluation of cell adhesion on biopolymer was proposed. 24818131 5 16 theme key 903:905 arg1 protein 907:913 a key protein 901:913 a key protein 901:913 Moreover, analyzing differential protein expressions of adhered fibroblasts on the biopolymer surface by proteomic approaches indicated that CD44 may be a key protein. 24818131 5 16 theme key 903:905 arg1 CD44 889:892 CD44 889:892 CD44 889:892 Moreover, analyzing differential protein expressions of adhered fibroblasts on the biopolymer surface by proteomic approaches indicated that CD44 may be a key protein. 24818131 4 17 from amount 617:622 arg1 electrodes 658:667 CNTs/SF electrodes 650:667 CNTs/SF electrodes 650:667 The amount of adhered fibroblasts on CNTs/SF electrodes of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) greatly exceeded those on other surfaces. 24818131 2 18 theme biopolymer 363:372 arg1 material 374:381 biopolymer material 363:381 biopolymer material 363:381 Fibroblasts were used as an experimental model to evaluate the responses of cellular proteins induced by biopolymer material using a mass spectrometry-based profiling system. 24818131 5 19 theme analyzing 758:766 arg1 expressions 789:799 analyzing differential protein expressions 758:799 analyzing differential protein expressions of adhered fibroblasts on the biopolymer surface by proteomic approaches 758:872 Moreover, analyzing differential protein expressions of adhered fibroblasts on the biopolymer surface by proteomic approaches indicated that CD44 may be a key protein. 24818131 2 20 theme experimental 286:297 arg1 Fibroblasts 258:268 Fibroblasts 258:268 Fibroblasts 258:268 Fibroblasts were used as an experimental model to evaluate the responses of cellular proteins induced by biopolymer material using a mass spectrometry-based profiling system. 24818131 2 20 theme experimental 286:297 arg1 model 299:303 an experimental model 283:303 an experimental model to evaluate the responses of cellular proteins induced by biopolymer material using a mass spectrometry-based profiling system 283:430 Fibroblasts were used as an experimental model to evaluate the responses of cellular proteins induced by biopolymer material using a mass spectrometry-based profiling system. 24818131 4 21 theme adhered 627:633 arg1 fibroblasts 635:645 adhered fibroblasts 627:645 adhered fibroblasts 627:645 The amount of adhered fibroblasts on CNTs/SF electrodes of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) greatly exceeded those on other surfaces. 24818131 5 22 theme differential 768:779 arg1 expressions 789:799 analyzing differential protein expressions 758:799 analyzing differential protein expressions of adhered fibroblasts on the biopolymer surface by proteomic approaches 758:872 Moreover, analyzing differential protein expressions of adhered fibroblasts on the biopolymer surface by proteomic approaches indicated that CD44 may be a key protein. 24818131 1 23 theme activation 246:255 arg1 pathway 168:174 the pathway 164:174 the pathway of silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation 164:255 The purpose of this study was to develop the pathway of silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation. 24818131 4 24 theme crystal 679:685 arg1 QCM 701:703 QCM 701:703 QCM 701:703 The amount of adhered fibroblasts on CNTs/SF electrodes of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) greatly exceeded those on other surfaces. 24818131 4 24 theme crystal 679:685 arg1 microbalance 687:698 quartz crystal microbalance 672:698 quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) 672:704 The amount of adhered fibroblasts on CNTs/SF electrodes of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) greatly exceeded those on other surfaces. 24818131 0 25 theme fibroin 25:31 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of silk fibroin 0:31 Characterization of silk fibroin modified surface: a proteomic view of cellular response proteins induced by biomaterials. 24818131 6 26 from biopolymer 1020:1029 arg1 utilization 936:946 utilization 936:946 utilization of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in evaluation of cell adhesion on biopolymer 936:1029 Through this study, utilization of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in evaluation of cell adhesion on biopolymer was proposed. 24818131 2 27 theme spectrometry-based 396:413 arg1 system 425:430 a mass spectrometry-based profiling system 389:430 a mass spectrometry-based profiling system 389:430 Fibroblasts were used as an experimental model to evaluate the responses of cellular proteins induced by biopolymer material using a mass spectrometry-based profiling system. 24818131 2 28 theme profiling 415:423 arg1 system 425:430 a mass spectrometry-based profiling system 389:430 a mass spectrometry-based profiling system 389:430 Fibroblasts were used as an experimental model to evaluate the responses of cellular proteins induced by biopolymer material using a mass spectrometry-based profiling system. 24818131 3 29 theme proliferation 598:610 arg1 rate 585:588 the rate 581:588 the rate of cell proliferation 581:610 The surface was covered by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and SF to increase the surface area, enhance the adhesion of biopolymer, and promote the rate of cell proliferation. 24818131 1 30 theme silk 179:182 arg1 protein 238:244 silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein 179:244 silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation 179:255 The purpose of this study was to develop the pathway of silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation. 24818131 6 31 from utilization 936:946 arg1 biopolymer 1020:1029 biopolymer 1020:1029 biopolymer 1020:1029 Through this study, utilization of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in evaluation of cell adhesion on biopolymer was proposed. 24818131 6 31 from utilization 936:946 arg1 evaluation 989:998 evaluation 989:998 evaluation of cell adhesion on biopolymer 989:1029 Through this study, utilization of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in evaluation of cell adhesion on biopolymer was proposed. 24818131 5 32 theme fibroblasts 812:822 arg1 expressions 789:799 analyzing differential protein expressions 758:799 analyzing differential protein expressions of adhered fibroblasts on the biopolymer surface by proteomic approaches 758:872 Moreover, analyzing differential protein expressions of adhered fibroblasts on the biopolymer surface by proteomic approaches indicated that CD44 may be a key protein. 24818131 3 33 theme biopolymer 557:566 arg1 adhesion 545:552 the adhesion 541:552 the adhesion of biopolymer 541:566 The surface was covered by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and SF to increase the surface area, enhance the adhesion of biopolymer, and promote the rate of cell proliferation. 24818131 1 34 theme fibroin 184:190 arg1 protein 238:244 silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein 179:244 silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation 179:255 The purpose of this study was to develop the pathway of silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation. 24818131 6 35 theme cell 1003:1006 arg1 adhesion 1008:1015 cell adhesion 1003:1015 cell adhesion 1003:1015 Through this study, utilization of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in evaluation of cell adhesion on biopolymer was proposed. 24818131 6 36 theme spectrometry-based 956:973 arg1 proteomics 975:984 mass spectrometry-based proteomics 951:984 mass spectrometry-based proteomics 951:984 Through this study, utilization of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in evaluation of cell adhesion on biopolymer was proposed. 24818131 5 37 theme protein 781:787 arg1 expressions 789:799 analyzing differential protein expressions 758:799 analyzing differential protein expressions of adhered fibroblasts on the biopolymer surface by proteomic approaches 758:872 Moreover, analyzing differential protein expressions of adhered fibroblasts on the biopolymer surface by proteomic approaches indicated that CD44 may be a key protein. 24818131 6 38 theme adhesion 1008:1015 arg1 evaluation 989:998 evaluation 989:998 evaluation of cell adhesion on biopolymer 989:1029 Through this study, utilization of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in evaluation of cell adhesion on biopolymer was proposed. 24818131 5 39 theme proteomic 853:861 arg1 approaches 863:872 proteomic approaches 853:872 proteomic approaches 853:872 Moreover, analyzing differential protein expressions of adhered fibroblasts on the biopolymer surface by proteomic approaches indicated that CD44 may be a key protein. 24818131 3 40 theme cell 593:596 arg1 proliferation 598:610 cell proliferation 593:610 cell proliferation 593:610 The surface was covered by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and SF to increase the surface area, enhance the adhesion of biopolymer, and promote the rate of cell proliferation. 24818131 0 41 dep surface 42:48 arg1 view 63:66 a proteomic view 51:66 surface: a proteomic view of cellular response proteins induced by biomaterials 42:120 Characterization of silk fibroin modified surface: a proteomic view of cellular response proteins induced by biomaterials. 24818131 4 42 theme quartz 672:677 arg1 QCM 701:703 QCM 701:703 QCM 701:703 The amount of adhered fibroblasts on CNTs/SF electrodes of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) greatly exceeded those on other surfaces. 24818131 4 42 theme quartz 672:677 arg1 microbalance 687:698 quartz crystal microbalance 672:698 quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) 672:704 The amount of adhered fibroblasts on CNTs/SF electrodes of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) greatly exceeded those on other surfaces. 24818131 2 43 used used 275:278 arg2 model 299:303 an experimental model 283:303 an experimental model to evaluate the responses of cellular proteins induced by biopolymer material using a mass spectrometry-based profiling system 283:430 Fibroblasts were used as an experimental model to evaluate the responses of cellular proteins induced by biopolymer material using a mass spectrometry-based profiling system. 24818131 2 43 used used 275:278 arg2 Fibroblasts 258:268 Fibroblasts 258:268 Fibroblasts 258:268 Fibroblasts were used as an experimental model to evaluate the responses of cellular proteins induced by biopolymer material using a mass spectrometry-based profiling system. 24818131 4 44 theme fibroblasts 635:645 arg1 amount 617:622 The amount 613:622 The amount of adhered fibroblasts on CNTs/SF electrodes of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) 613:704 The amount of adhered fibroblasts on CNTs/SF electrodes of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) greatly exceeded those on other surfaces. 24818131 4 44 theme fibroblasts 635:645 arg1 fibroblasts 635:645 adhered fibroblasts 627:645 adhered fibroblasts 627:645 The amount of adhered fibroblasts on CNTs/SF electrodes of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) greatly exceeded those on other surfaces. 24818131 4 44 theme fibroblasts 635:645 arg1 QCM 701:703 QCM 701:703 QCM 701:703 The amount of adhered fibroblasts on CNTs/SF electrodes of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) greatly exceeded those on other surfaces. 24818131 4 44 theme fibroblasts 635:645 arg1 microbalance 687:698 quartz crystal microbalance 672:698 quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) 672:704 The amount of adhered fibroblasts on CNTs/SF electrodes of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) greatly exceeded those on other surfaces. 24818131 3 45 theme multiwalled 460:470 arg1 nanotubes 479:487 multiwalled carbon nanotubes 460:487 multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 460:494 The surface was covered by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and SF to increase the surface area, enhance the adhesion of biopolymer, and promote the rate of cell proliferation. 24818131 3 45 theme multiwalled 460:470 arg1 CNTs 490:493 CNTs 490:493 CNTs 490:493 The surface was covered by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and SF to increase the surface area, enhance the adhesion of biopolymer, and promote the rate of cell proliferation. 24818131 1 46 theme SF 193:194 arg1 protein 238:244 silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein 179:244 silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation 179:255 The purpose of this study was to develop the pathway of silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation. 24818131 3 47 theme carbon 472:477 arg1 nanotubes 479:487 multiwalled carbon nanotubes 460:487 multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 460:494 The surface was covered by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and SF to increase the surface area, enhance the adhesion of biopolymer, and promote the rate of cell proliferation. 24818131 3 47 theme carbon 472:477 arg1 CNTs 490:493 CNTs 490:493 CNTs 490:493 The surface was covered by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and SF to increase the surface area, enhance the adhesion of biopolymer, and promote the rate of cell proliferation. 24818131 4 48 theme microbalance 687:698 arg1 amount 617:622 The amount 613:622 The amount of adhered fibroblasts on CNTs/SF electrodes of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) 613:704 The amount of adhered fibroblasts on CNTs/SF electrodes of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) greatly exceeded those on other surfaces. 24818131 4 48 theme microbalance 687:698 arg1 fibroblasts 635:645 adhered fibroblasts 627:645 adhered fibroblasts 627:645 The amount of adhered fibroblasts on CNTs/SF electrodes of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) greatly exceeded those on other surfaces. 24818131 4 48 theme microbalance 687:698 arg1 QCM 701:703 QCM 701:703 QCM 701:703 The amount of adhered fibroblasts on CNTs/SF electrodes of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) greatly exceeded those on other surfaces. 24818131 4 48 theme microbalance 687:698 arg1 microbalance 687:698 quartz crystal microbalance 672:698 quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) 672:704 The amount of adhered fibroblasts on CNTs/SF electrodes of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) greatly exceeded those on other surfaces. 24818131 2 49 theme proteins 343:350 arg1 responses 321:329 the responses 317:329 the responses of cellular proteins induced by biopolymer material 317:381 Fibroblasts were used as an experimental model to evaluate the responses of cellular proteins induced by biopolymer material using a mass spectrometry-based profiling system. 24818131 5 50 theme biopolymer 831:840 arg1 surface 842:848 the biopolymer surface 827:848 the biopolymer surface by proteomic approaches 827:872 Moreover, analyzing differential protein expressions of adhered fibroblasts on the biopolymer surface by proteomic approaches indicated that CD44 may be a key protein. 24818131 1 51 theme biopolymer 197:206 arg1 protein 238:244 silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein 179:244 silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation 179:255 The purpose of this study was to develop the pathway of silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation. 24818131 0 52 theme proteomic 53:61 arg1 view 63:66 a proteomic view 51:66 surface: a proteomic view of cellular response proteins induced by biomaterials 42:120 Characterization of silk fibroin modified surface: a proteomic view of cellular response proteins induced by biomaterials. 24818131 0 53 theme silk 20:23 arg1 fibroin 25:31 silk fibroin 20:31 silk fibroin 20:31 Characterization of silk fibroin modified surface: a proteomic view of cellular response proteins induced by biomaterials. 24818131 2 54 theme cellular 334:341 arg1 proteins 343:350 cellular proteins 334:350 cellular proteins induced by biopolymer material 334:381 Fibroblasts were used as an experimental model to evaluate the responses of cellular proteins induced by biopolymer material using a mass spectrometry-based profiling system. 24818131 1 55 theme surface 208:214 arg1 protein 238:244 silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein 179:244 silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation 179:255 The purpose of this study was to develop the pathway of silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation. 26922416 2 0 theme β-glucosidase 575:587 arg1 IU/mL 660:664 115.4 IU/mL 654:664 115.4 IU/mL 654:664 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 2 0 theme β-glucosidase 575:587 arg1 2.04 644:647 2.04 644:647 2.04 644:647 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 2 0 theme β-glucosidase 575:587 arg1 values 606:611 the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values 550:611 the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values 550:611 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 2 0 theme β-glucosidase 575:587 arg1 FPU/mL 636:641 2.68 FPU/mL 631:641 2.68 FPU/mL 631:641 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 7 1 theme identified 1728:1737 arg1 protein 1739:1745 the Cazy identified protein 1719:1745 the Cazy identified protein 1719:1745 Most of the Cazy identified protein was cellobiohydrolase (GH6 and GH7), endoglucanase (GH5), and endo-1,4-β-xylanase (GH10). 26922416 3 2 theme other 674:678 arg1 hand 680:683 the other hand 670:683 the other hand 670:683 On the other hand, proposed culture media to enhance β-glucosidase production composed of 10 g/L steam-exploded bagasse supplemented with soybean flour 5.0 g/L, yeast extract 1.0 g/L, and sucrose 10.0 g/L attained, respectively, 3.19 FPU/mL and 3.06 IU/mL while xylanase was maintained at the same level. 26922416 4 3 theme xylanase 1048:1055 arg1 production 1087:1096 enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production 1032:1096 enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production 1032:1096 The proteomes obtained from the optimized culture media for enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production were analyzed using mass spectrometry and a panel of GH enzyme activities against 16 different substrates. 26922416 1 4 theme bagasse 188:194 arg1 sugarcane 196:204 bagasse sugarcane 188:204 bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods 188:234 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 1 4 theme bagasse 188:194 arg1 components 176:185 components 176:185 several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) 154:289 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 2 5 theme maximum 598:604 arg1 IU/mL 660:664 115.4 IU/mL 654:664 115.4 IU/mL 654:664 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 2 5 theme maximum 598:604 arg1 2.04 644:647 2.04 644:647 2.04 644:647 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 2 5 theme maximum 598:604 arg1 values 606:611 the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values 550:611 the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values 550:611 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 2 5 theme maximum 598:604 arg1 FPU/mL 636:641 2.68 FPU/mL 631:641 2.68 FPU/mL 631:641 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 4 6 theme pectinase 1058:1066 arg1 production 1087:1096 enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production 1032:1096 enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production 1032:1096 The proteomes obtained from the optimized culture media for enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production were analyzed using mass spectrometry and a panel of GH enzyme activities against 16 different substrates. 26922416 3 7 theme culture 695:701 arg1 media 703:707 proposed culture media 686:707 proposed culture media 686:707 On the other hand, proposed culture media to enhance β-glucosidase production composed of 10 g/L steam-exploded bagasse supplemented with soybean flour 5.0 g/L, yeast extract 1.0 g/L, and sucrose 10.0 g/L attained, respectively, 3.19 FPU/mL and 3.06 IU/mL while xylanase was maintained at the same level. 26922416 3 8 theme same 960:963 arg1 level 965:969 the same level 956:969 the same level 956:969 On the other hand, proposed culture media to enhance β-glucosidase production composed of 10 g/L steam-exploded bagasse supplemented with soybean flour 5.0 g/L, yeast extract 1.0 g/L, and sucrose 10.0 g/L attained, respectively, 3.19 FPU/mL and 3.06 IU/mL while xylanase was maintained at the same level. 26922416 1 9 theme enzyme 362:367 arg1 activities 369:378 β-glucosidase enzyme activities 348:378 β-glucosidase enzyme activities 348:378 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 1 10 theme various 220:226 arg1 methods 228:234 various methods 220:234 various methods 220:234 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 4 11 theme FPase 1041:1045 arg1 production 1087:1096 enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production 1032:1096 enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production 1032:1096 The proteomes obtained from the optimized culture media for enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production were analyzed using mass spectrometry and a panel of GH enzyme activities against 16 different substrates. 26922416 3 12 theme β-glucosidase 720:732 arg1 production 734:743 β-glucosidase production 720:743 β-glucosidase production composed of 10 g/L steam-exploded bagasse supplemented with soybean flour 5.0 g/L, yeast extract 1.0 g/L, and sucrose 10.0 g/L attained, respectively, 3.19 FPU/mL and 3.06 IU/mL 720:921 On the other hand, proposed culture media to enhance β-glucosidase production composed of 10 g/L steam-exploded bagasse supplemented with soybean flour 5.0 g/L, yeast extract 1.0 g/L, and sucrose 10.0 g/L attained, respectively, 3.19 FPU/mL and 3.06 IU/mL while xylanase was maintained at the same level. 26922416 8 13 theme glucose 1968:1974 arg1 yield 1976:1980 51.4 % glucose yield 1961:1980 51.4 % glucose yield 1961:1980 Enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse performed with β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail achieved 51.4 % glucose yield with 10 % w/v insoluble solids at enzyme load of 15 FPU/g material. 26922416 6 14 theme enzymes 1609:1615 arg1 counts 1587:1592 spectral counts 1578:1592 spectral counts of Cazy family enzymes 1578:1615 Mass spectrometry analyses of secretome showed a consistent result and the greatest number of spectral counts of Cazy family enzymes was found in designed β-glucosidase culture medium, followed by FPase/pectinase and xylanase. 26922416 8 15 theme Enzymatic 1837:1845 arg1 hydrolysis 1847:1856 Enzymatic hydrolysis 1837:1856 Enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse performed with β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail 1837:1950 Enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse performed with β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail achieved 51.4 % glucose yield with 10 % w/v insoluble solids at enzyme load of 15 FPU/g material. 26922416 6 16 theme secretome 1514:1522 arg1 analyses 1502:1509 Mass spectrometry analyses 1484:1509 Mass spectrometry analyses of secretome 1484:1522 Mass spectrometry analyses of secretome showed a consistent result and the greatest number of spectral counts of Cazy family enzymes was found in designed β-glucosidase culture medium, followed by FPase/pectinase and xylanase. 26922416 6 17 dep found 1621:1625 arg1 followed 1669:1676 followed 1669:1676 followed by FPase/pectinase and xylanase 1669:1708 Mass spectrometry analyses of secretome showed a consistent result and the greatest number of spectral counts of Cazy family enzymes was found in designed β-glucosidase culture medium, followed by FPase/pectinase and xylanase. 26922416 6 18 theme Cazy 1597:1600 arg1 enzymes 1609:1615 Cazy family enzymes 1597:1615 Cazy family enzymes 1597:1615 Mass spectrometry analyses of secretome showed a consistent result and the greatest number of spectral counts of Cazy family enzymes was found in designed β-glucosidase culture medium, followed by FPase/pectinase and xylanase. 26922416 4 19 theme mass 1118:1121 arg1 spectrometry 1123:1134 mass spectrometry 1118:1134 mass spectrometry 1118:1134 The proteomes obtained from the optimized culture media for enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production were analyzed using mass spectrometry and a panel of GH enzyme activities against 16 different substrates. 26922416 3 20 theme 10 757:758 arg1 g/L 760:762 g/L 760:762 g/L 760:762 On the other hand, proposed culture media to enhance β-glucosidase production composed of 10 g/L steam-exploded bagasse supplemented with soybean flour 5.0 g/L, yeast extract 1.0 g/L, and sucrose 10.0 g/L attained, respectively, 3.19 FPU/mL and 3.06 IU/mL while xylanase was maintained at the same level. 26922416 3 21 theme soybean 805:811 arg1 g/L 823:825 soybean flour 5.0 g/L 805:825 soybean flour 5.0 g/L 805:825 On the other hand, proposed culture media to enhance β-glucosidase production composed of 10 g/L steam-exploded bagasse supplemented with soybean flour 5.0 g/L, yeast extract 1.0 g/L, and sucrose 10.0 g/L attained, respectively, 3.19 FPU/mL and 3.06 IU/mL while xylanase was maintained at the same level. 26922416 10 22 theme lignocellulosic 2325:2339 arg1 materials 2341:2349 lignocellulosic materials 2325:2349 lignocellulosic materials 2325:2349 The proposed strategy may contribute to increase enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials. 26922416 6 23 theme counts 1587:1592 arg1 number 1568:1573 the greatest number 1555:1573 the greatest number of spectral counts of Cazy family enzymes 1555:1615 Mass spectrometry analyses of secretome showed a consistent result and the greatest number of spectral counts of Cazy family enzymes was found in designed β-glucosidase culture medium, followed by FPase/pectinase and xylanase. 26922416 8 24 theme pretreated 1876:1885 arg1 bagasse 1897:1903 hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse 1861:1903 hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse performed with β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail 1861:1950 Enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse performed with β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail achieved 51.4 % glucose yield with 10 % w/v insoluble solids at enzyme load of 15 FPU/g material. 26922416 8 25 theme % 1966:1966 arg1 yield 1976:1980 51.4 % glucose yield 1961:1980 51.4 % glucose yield 1961:1980 Enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse performed with β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail achieved 51.4 % glucose yield with 10 % w/v insoluble solids at enzyme load of 15 FPU/g material. 26922416 6 26 theme Mass 1484:1487 arg1 analyses 1502:1509 Mass spectrometry analyses 1484:1509 Mass spectrometry analyses of secretome 1484:1522 Mass spectrometry analyses of secretome showed a consistent result and the greatest number of spectral counts of Cazy family enzymes was found in designed β-glucosidase culture medium, followed by FPase/pectinase and xylanase. 26922416 1 27 theme culture 162:168 arg1 media 170:174 several culture media 154:174 several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) 154:289 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 3 28 theme extract 834:840 arg1 g/L 846:848 yeast extract 1.0 g/L 828:848 yeast extract 1.0 g/L 828:848 On the other hand, proposed culture media to enhance β-glucosidase production composed of 10 g/L steam-exploded bagasse supplemented with soybean flour 5.0 g/L, yeast extract 1.0 g/L, and sucrose 10.0 g/L attained, respectively, 3.19 FPU/mL and 3.06 IU/mL while xylanase was maintained at the same level. 26922416 2 29 theme bagasse 466:472 arg1 methods 487:493 the various bagasse pretreatment methods 454:493 the various bagasse pretreatment methods 454:493 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 9 30 theme complex 2165:2171 arg1 activity 2139:2146 the GH activity 2132:2146 the GH activity of the enzymatic complex secreted by P. echinulatum using adjustment of the culture medium composition 2132:2249 Collectively the results demonstrated that it was possible to rationally modulate the GH activity of the enzymatic complex secreted by P. echinulatum using adjustment of the culture medium composition. 26922416 8 31 theme bagasse 1897:1903 arg1 hydrolysis 1847:1856 Enzymatic hydrolysis 1837:1856 Enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse performed with β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail 1837:1950 Enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse performed with β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail achieved 51.4 % glucose yield with 10 % w/v insoluble solids at enzyme load of 15 FPU/g material. 26922416 6 32 theme spectral 1578:1585 arg1 counts 1587:1592 spectral counts 1578:1592 spectral counts of Cazy family enzymes 1578:1615 Mass spectrometry analyses of secretome showed a consistent result and the greatest number of spectral counts of Cazy family enzymes was found in designed β-glucosidase culture medium, followed by FPase/pectinase and xylanase. 26922416 5 33 theme measured 1423:1430 arg1 xylanase 1411:1418 xylanase 1411:1418 xylanase (7 measured activities) 1411:1442 Culture medium designed to enhance β-glucosidase activity achieved higher enzymatic activities values (13 measured activities), compared to the culture media for FPase/pectinase (9 measured activities) and xylanase (7 measured activities), when tested against the 16 substrates. 26922416 5 33 theme measured 1423:1430 arg1 activities 1432:1441 7 measured activities 1421:1441 7 measured activities 1421:1441 Culture medium designed to enhance β-glucosidase activity achieved higher enzymatic activities values (13 measured activities), compared to the culture media for FPase/pectinase (9 measured activities) and xylanase (7 measured activities), when tested against the 16 substrates. 26922416 4 34 theme GH 1151:1152 arg1 activities 1161:1170 GH enzyme activities 1151:1170 GH enzyme activities against 16 different substrates 1151:1202 The proteomes obtained from the optimized culture media for enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production were analyzed using mass spectrometry and a panel of GH enzyme activities against 16 different substrates. 26922416 3 35 theme steam-exploded 764:777 arg1 bagasse 779:785 10 g/L steam-exploded bagasse 757:785 10 g/L steam-exploded bagasse supplemented with soybean flour 5.0 g/L, yeast extract 1.0 g/L, and sucrose 10.0 g/L attained, respectively 757:893 On the other hand, proposed culture media to enhance β-glucosidase production composed of 10 g/L steam-exploded bagasse supplemented with soybean flour 5.0 g/L, yeast extract 1.0 g/L, and sucrose 10.0 g/L attained, respectively, 3.19 FPU/mL and 3.06 IU/mL while xylanase was maintained at the same level. 26922416 3 35 theme steam-exploded 764:777 arg1 IU/mL 917:921 3.19 FPU/mL and 3.06 IU/mL 896:921 3.19 FPU/mL and 3.06 IU/mL 896:921 On the other hand, proposed culture media to enhance β-glucosidase production composed of 10 g/L steam-exploded bagasse supplemented with soybean flour 5.0 g/L, yeast extract 1.0 g/L, and sucrose 10.0 g/L attained, respectively, 3.19 FPU/mL and 3.06 IU/mL while xylanase was maintained at the same level. 26922416 6 36 theme culture 1653:1659 arg1 medium 1661:1666 designed β-glucosidase culture medium 1630:1666 designed β-glucosidase culture medium 1630:1666 Mass spectrometry analyses of secretome showed a consistent result and the greatest number of spectral counts of Cazy family enzymes was found in designed β-glucosidase culture medium, followed by FPase/pectinase and xylanase. 26922416 4 37 theme activities 1161:1170 arg1 panel 1142:1146 a panel 1140:1146 a panel of GH enzyme activities against 16 different substrates 1140:1202 The proteomes obtained from the optimized culture media for enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production were analyzed using mass spectrometry and a panel of GH enzyme activities against 16 different substrates. 26922416 4 37 theme activities 1161:1170 arg1 spectrometry 1123:1134 mass spectrometry 1118:1134 mass spectrometry 1118:1134 The proteomes obtained from the optimized culture media for enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production were analyzed using mass spectrometry and a panel of GH enzyme activities against 16 different substrates. 26922416 5 38 theme enzymatic 1279:1287 arg1 activities 1289:1298 enzymatic activities 1279:1298 enzymatic activities 1279:1298 Culture medium designed to enhance β-glucosidase activity achieved higher enzymatic activities values (13 measured activities), compared to the culture media for FPase/pectinase (9 measured activities) and xylanase (7 measured activities), when tested against the 16 substrates. 26922416 8 39 theme enhanced 1934:1941 arg1 cocktail 1943:1950 β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail 1920:1950 β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail 1920:1950 Enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse performed with β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail achieved 51.4 % glucose yield with 10 % w/v insoluble solids at enzyme load of 15 FPU/g material. 26922416 8 40 theme w/v 1992:1994 arg1 solids 2006:2011 10 % w/v insoluble solids 1987:2011 10 % w/v insoluble solids 1987:2011 Enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse performed with β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail achieved 51.4 % glucose yield with 10 % w/v insoluble solids at enzyme load of 15 FPU/g material. 26922416 6 41 theme designed 1630:1637 arg1 medium 1661:1666 designed β-glucosidase culture medium 1630:1666 designed β-glucosidase culture medium 1630:1666 Mass spectrometry analyses of secretome showed a consistent result and the greatest number of spectral counts of Cazy family enzymes was found in designed β-glucosidase culture medium, followed by FPase/pectinase and xylanase. 26922416 1 42 dep media 170:174 arg1 sugarcane 196:204 bagasse sugarcane 188:204 bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods 188:234 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 1 42 dep media 170:174 arg1 meal 245:248 soybean meal 237:248 soybean meal 237:248 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 1 42 dep media 170:174 arg1 components 176:185 components 176:185 several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) 154:289 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 1 42 dep media 170:174 arg1 extract 282:288 yeast extract 276:288 yeast extract 276:288 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 1 42 dep media 170:174 arg1 bran 257:260 wheat bran 251:260 wheat bran 251:260 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 1 42 dep media 170:174 arg1 sucrose 263:269 sucrose 263:269 sucrose 263:269 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 1 43 theme complex 101:107 arg1 enhancement 79:89 The enhancement 75:89 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) 75:289 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 5 44 theme β-glucosidase 1240:1252 arg1 activity 1254:1261 β-glucosidase activity 1240:1261 β-glucosidase activity achieved higher enzymatic activities values (13 measured activities), compared to the culture media for FPase/pectinase (9 measured activities) and xylanase (7 measured activities) 1240:1442 Culture medium designed to enhance β-glucosidase activity achieved higher enzymatic activities values (13 measured activities), compared to the culture media for FPase/pectinase (9 measured activities) and xylanase (7 measured activities), when tested against the 16 substrates. 26922416 0 45 theme Penicillium 15:25 arg1 complex 66:72 Penicillium echinulatum glycoside hydrolase enzyme complex 15:72 Penicillium echinulatum glycoside hydrolase enzyme complex 15:72 Enhancement of Penicillium echinulatum glycoside hydrolase enzyme complex. 26922416 8 46 theme enzyme 2016:2021 arg1 load 2023:2026 enzyme load 2016:2026 enzyme load of 15 FPU/g material 2016:2047 Enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse performed with β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail achieved 51.4 % glucose yield with 10 % w/v insoluble solids at enzyme load of 15 FPU/g material. 26922416 9 47 theme medium 2232:2237 arg1 composition 2239:2249 the culture medium composition 2220:2249 the culture medium composition 2220:2249 Collectively the results demonstrated that it was possible to rationally modulate the GH activity of the enzymatic complex secreted by P. echinulatum using adjustment of the culture medium composition. 26922416 0 48 theme glycoside 39:47 arg1 complex 66:72 Penicillium echinulatum glycoside hydrolase enzyme complex 15:72 Penicillium echinulatum glycoside hydrolase enzyme complex 15:72 Enhancement of Penicillium echinulatum glycoside hydrolase enzyme complex. 26922416 0 49 theme enzyme 59:64 arg1 complex 66:72 Penicillium echinulatum glycoside hydrolase enzyme complex 15:72 Penicillium echinulatum glycoside hydrolase enzyme complex 15:72 Enhancement of Penicillium echinulatum glycoside hydrolase enzyme complex. 26922416 5 50 dep higher 1272:1277 arg1 activities 1289:1298 enzymatic activities 1279:1298 enzymatic activities 1279:1298 Culture medium designed to enhance β-glucosidase activity achieved higher enzymatic activities values (13 measured activities), compared to the culture media for FPase/pectinase (9 measured activities) and xylanase (7 measured activities), when tested against the 16 substrates. 26922416 8 51 theme FPU/g 2034:2038 arg1 material 2040:2047 15 FPU/g material 2031:2047 15 FPU/g material 2031:2047 Enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse performed with β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail achieved 51.4 % glucose yield with 10 % w/v insoluble solids at enzyme load of 15 FPU/g material. 26922416 4 52 theme optimized 1004:1012 arg1 media 1022:1026 the optimized culture media 1000:1026 the optimized culture media for enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production 1000:1096 The proteomes obtained from the optimized culture media for enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production were analyzed using mass spectrometry and a panel of GH enzyme activities against 16 different substrates. 26922416 1 53 theme soybean 237:243 arg1 meal 245:248 soybean meal 237:248 soybean meal 237:248 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 1 53 theme soybean 237:243 arg1 components 176:185 components 176:185 several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) 154:289 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 9 54 theme composition 2239:2249 arg1 adjustment 2206:2215 adjustment 2206:2215 adjustment of the culture medium composition 2206:2249 Collectively the results demonstrated that it was possible to rationally modulate the GH activity of the enzymatic complex secreted by P. echinulatum using adjustment of the culture medium composition. 26922416 8 55 theme % 1990:1990 arg1 solids 2006:2011 10 % w/v insoluble solids 1987:2011 10 % w/v insoluble solids 1987:2011 Enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse performed with β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail achieved 51.4 % glucose yield with 10 % w/v insoluble solids at enzyme load of 15 FPU/g material. 26922416 2 56 theme xylanase 561:568 arg1 IU/mL 660:664 115.4 IU/mL 654:664 115.4 IU/mL 654:664 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 2 56 theme xylanase 561:568 arg1 2.04 644:647 2.04 644:647 2.04 644:647 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 2 56 theme xylanase 561:568 arg1 values 606:611 the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values 550:611 the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values 550:611 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 2 56 theme xylanase 561:568 arg1 FPU/mL 636:641 2.68 FPU/mL 631:641 2.68 FPU/mL 631:641 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 5 57 theme measured 1386:1393 arg1 activities 1395:1404 9 measured activities 1384:1404 9 measured activities 1384:1404 Culture medium designed to enhance β-glucosidase activity achieved higher enzymatic activities values (13 measured activities), compared to the culture media for FPase/pectinase (9 measured activities) and xylanase (7 measured activities), when tested against the 16 substrates. 26922416 5 57 theme measured 1386:1393 arg1 FPase/pectinase 1367:1381 FPase/pectinase 1367:1381 FPase/pectinase (9 measured activities) 1367:1405 Culture medium designed to enhance β-glucosidase activity achieved higher enzymatic activities values (13 measured activities), compared to the culture media for FPase/pectinase (9 measured activities) and xylanase (7 measured activities), when tested against the 16 substrates. 26922416 8 58 theme 10 1987:1988 arg1 % 1990:1990 % 1990:1990 % 1990:1990 Enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse performed with β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail achieved 51.4 % glucose yield with 10 % w/v insoluble solids at enzyme load of 15 FPU/g material. 26922416 10 59 theme enzymatic 2301:2309 arg1 hydrolysis 2311:2320 enzymatic hydrolysis 2301:2320 enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials 2301:2349 The proposed strategy may contribute to increase enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials. 26922416 5 60 theme culture 1349:1355 arg1 media 1357:1361 the culture media 1345:1361 the culture media for FPase/pectinase (9 measured activities) and xylanase (7 measured activities) 1345:1442 Culture medium designed to enhance β-glucosidase activity achieved higher enzymatic activities values (13 measured activities), compared to the culture media for FPase/pectinase (9 measured activities) and xylanase (7 measured activities), when tested against the 16 substrates. 26922416 2 61 theme attained 589:596 arg1 IU/mL 660:664 115.4 IU/mL 654:664 115.4 IU/mL 654:664 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 2 61 theme attained 589:596 arg1 2.04 644:647 2.04 644:647 2.04 644:647 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 2 61 theme attained 589:596 arg1 values 606:611 the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values 550:611 the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values 550:611 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 2 61 theme attained 589:596 arg1 FPU/mL 636:641 2.68 FPU/mL 631:641 2.68 FPU/mL 631:641 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 4 62 theme enhanced 1032:1039 arg1 production 1087:1096 enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production 1032:1096 enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production 1032:1096 The proteomes obtained from the optimized culture media for enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production were analyzed using mass spectrometry and a panel of GH enzyme activities against 16 different substrates. 26922416 10 63 theme proposed 2256:2263 arg1 strategy 2265:2272 The proposed strategy 2252:2272 The proposed strategy 2252:2272 The proposed strategy may contribute to increase enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials. 26922416 7 64 dep cellobiohydrolase 1751:1767 arg1 GH7 1778:1780 GH7 1778:1780 GH7 1778:1780 Most of the Cazy identified protein was cellobiohydrolase (GH6 and GH7), endoglucanase (GH5), and endo-1,4-β-xylanase (GH10). 26922416 7 64 dep cellobiohydrolase 1751:1767 arg1 GH6 1770:1772 GH6 1770:1772 GH6 1770:1772 Most of the Cazy identified protein was cellobiohydrolase (GH6 and GH7), endoglucanase (GH5), and endo-1,4-β-xylanase (GH10). 26922416 3 65 theme proposed 686:693 arg1 media 703:707 proposed culture media 686:707 proposed culture media 686:707 On the other hand, proposed culture media to enhance β-glucosidase production composed of 10 g/L steam-exploded bagasse supplemented with soybean flour 5.0 g/L, yeast extract 1.0 g/L, and sucrose 10.0 g/L attained, respectively, 3.19 FPU/mL and 3.06 IU/mL while xylanase was maintained at the same level. 26922416 2 66 theme substantial 512:522 arg1 influence 524:532 any substantial influence 508:532 any substantial influence 508:532 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 2 67 theme FPase 554:558 arg1 IU/mL 660:664 115.4 IU/mL 654:664 115.4 IU/mL 654:664 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 2 67 theme FPase 554:558 arg1 2.04 644:647 2.04 644:647 2.04 644:647 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 2 67 theme FPase 554:558 arg1 values 606:611 the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values 550:611 the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values 550:611 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 2 67 theme FPase 554:558 arg1 FPU/mL 636:641 2.68 FPU/mL 631:641 2.68 FPU/mL 631:641 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 6 68 theme family 1602:1607 arg1 enzymes 1609:1615 Cazy family enzymes 1597:1615 Cazy family enzymes 1597:1615 Mass spectrometry analyses of secretome showed a consistent result and the greatest number of spectral counts of Cazy family enzymes was found in designed β-glucosidase culture medium, followed by FPase/pectinase and xylanase. 26922416 5 69 theme Culture 1205:1211 arg1 medium 1213:1218 Culture medium 1205:1218 Culture medium 1205:1218 Culture medium designed to enhance β-glucosidase activity achieved higher enzymatic activities values (13 measured activities), compared to the culture media for FPase/pectinase (9 measured activities) and xylanase (7 measured activities), when tested against the 16 substrates. 26922416 9 70 theme GH 2136:2137 arg1 activity 2139:2146 the GH activity 2132:2146 the GH activity of the enzymatic complex secreted by P. echinulatum using adjustment of the culture medium composition 2132:2249 Collectively the results demonstrated that it was possible to rationally modulate the GH activity of the enzymatic complex secreted by P. echinulatum using adjustment of the culture medium composition. 26922416 4 71 theme β-glucosidase 1073:1085 arg1 production 1087:1096 enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production 1032:1096 enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production 1032:1096 The proteomes obtained from the optimized culture media for enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production were analyzed using mass spectrometry and a panel of GH enzyme activities against 16 different substrates. 26922416 3 72 theme g/L 760:762 arg1 bagasse 779:785 10 g/L steam-exploded bagasse 757:785 10 g/L steam-exploded bagasse supplemented with soybean flour 5.0 g/L, yeast extract 1.0 g/L, and sucrose 10.0 g/L attained, respectively 757:893 On the other hand, proposed culture media to enhance β-glucosidase production composed of 10 g/L steam-exploded bagasse supplemented with soybean flour 5.0 g/L, yeast extract 1.0 g/L, and sucrose 10.0 g/L attained, respectively, 3.19 FPU/mL and 3.06 IU/mL while xylanase was maintained at the same level. 26922416 3 72 theme g/L 760:762 arg1 IU/mL 917:921 3.19 FPU/mL and 3.06 IU/mL 896:921 3.19 FPU/mL and 3.06 IU/mL 896:921 On the other hand, proposed culture media to enhance β-glucosidase production composed of 10 g/L steam-exploded bagasse supplemented with soybean flour 5.0 g/L, yeast extract 1.0 g/L, and sucrose 10.0 g/L attained, respectively, 3.19 FPU/mL and 3.06 IU/mL while xylanase was maintained at the same level. 26922416 8 73 theme sugarcane 1887:1895 arg1 bagasse 1897:1903 hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse 1861:1903 hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse performed with β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail 1861:1950 Enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse performed with β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail achieved 51.4 % glucose yield with 10 % w/v insoluble solids at enzyme load of 15 FPU/g material. 26922416 6 74 theme spectrometry 1489:1500 arg1 analyses 1502:1509 Mass spectrometry analyses 1484:1509 Mass spectrometry analyses of secretome 1484:1522 Mass spectrometry analyses of secretome showed a consistent result and the greatest number of spectral counts of Cazy family enzymes was found in designed β-glucosidase culture medium, followed by FPase/pectinase and xylanase. 26922416 1 75 theme several 154:160 arg1 media 170:174 several culture media 154:174 several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) 154:289 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 3 76 theme flour 813:817 arg1 g/L 823:825 soybean flour 5.0 g/L 805:825 soybean flour 5.0 g/L 805:825 On the other hand, proposed culture media to enhance β-glucosidase production composed of 10 g/L steam-exploded bagasse supplemented with soybean flour 5.0 g/L, yeast extract 1.0 g/L, and sucrose 10.0 g/L attained, respectively, 3.19 FPU/mL and 3.06 IU/mL while xylanase was maintained at the same level. 26922416 2 77 theme pretreatment 474:485 arg1 methods 487:493 the various bagasse pretreatment methods 454:493 the various bagasse pretreatment methods 454:493 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 9 78 theme enzymatic 2155:2163 arg1 complex 2165:2171 the enzymatic complex 2151:2171 the enzymatic complex secreted by P. echinulatum using adjustment of the culture medium composition 2151:2249 Collectively the results demonstrated that it was possible to rationally modulate the GH activity of the enzymatic complex secreted by P. echinulatum using adjustment of the culture medium composition. 26922416 2 79 theme various 458:464 arg1 methods 487:493 the various bagasse pretreatment methods 454:493 the various bagasse pretreatment methods 454:493 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 4 80 theme enzyme 1154:1159 arg1 activities 1161:1170 GH enzyme activities 1151:1170 GH enzyme activities against 16 different substrates 1151:1202 The proteomes obtained from the optimized culture media for enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production were analyzed using mass spectrometry and a panel of GH enzyme activities against 16 different substrates. 26922416 8 81 theme β-glucosidase 1920:1932 arg1 cocktail 1943:1950 β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail 1920:1950 β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail 1920:1950 Enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse performed with β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail achieved 51.4 % glucose yield with 10 % w/v insoluble solids at enzyme load of 15 FPU/g material. 26922416 3 82 theme yeast 828:832 arg1 g/L 846:848 yeast extract 1.0 g/L 828:848 yeast extract 1.0 g/L 828:848 On the other hand, proposed culture media to enhance β-glucosidase production composed of 10 g/L steam-exploded bagasse supplemented with soybean flour 5.0 g/L, yeast extract 1.0 g/L, and sucrose 10.0 g/L attained, respectively, 3.19 FPU/mL and 3.06 IU/mL while xylanase was maintained at the same level. 26922416 5 83 theme higher 1272:1277 arg1 activities 1320:1329 13 measured activities 1308:1329 13 measured activities 1308:1329 Culture medium designed to enhance β-glucosidase activity achieved higher enzymatic activities values (13 measured activities), compared to the culture media for FPase/pectinase (9 measured activities) and xylanase (7 measured activities), when tested against the 16 substrates. 26922416 5 83 theme higher 1272:1277 arg1 values 1300:1305 higher enzymatic activities values 1272:1305 higher enzymatic activities values (13 measured activities) 1272:1330 Culture medium designed to enhance β-glucosidase activity achieved higher enzymatic activities values (13 measured activities), compared to the culture media for FPase/pectinase (9 measured activities) and xylanase (7 measured activities), when tested against the 16 substrates. 26922416 6 84 theme greatest 1559:1566 arg1 number 1568:1573 the greatest number 1555:1573 the greatest number of spectral counts of Cazy family enzymes 1555:1615 Mass spectrometry analyses of secretome showed a consistent result and the greatest number of spectral counts of Cazy family enzymes was found in designed β-glucosidase culture medium, followed by FPase/pectinase and xylanase. 26922416 3 85 theme sucrose 855:861 arg1 g/L 868:870 sucrose 10.0 g/L 855:870 sucrose 10.0 g/L attained 855:879 On the other hand, proposed culture media to enhance β-glucosidase production composed of 10 g/L steam-exploded bagasse supplemented with soybean flour 5.0 g/L, yeast extract 1.0 g/L, and sucrose 10.0 g/L attained, respectively, 3.19 FPU/mL and 3.06 IU/mL while xylanase was maintained at the same level. 26922416 8 86 theme insoluble 1996:2004 arg1 solids 2006:2011 10 % w/v insoluble solids 1987:2011 10 % w/v insoluble solids 1987:2011 Enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse performed with β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail achieved 51.4 % glucose yield with 10 % w/v insoluble solids at enzyme load of 15 FPU/g material. 26922416 10 87 theme materials 2341:2349 arg1 hydrolysis 2311:2320 enzymatic hydrolysis 2301:2320 enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials 2301:2349 The proposed strategy may contribute to increase enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials. 26922416 6 88 theme β-glucosidase 1639:1651 arg1 medium 1661:1666 designed β-glucosidase culture medium 1630:1666 designed β-glucosidase culture medium 1630:1666 Mass spectrometry analyses of secretome showed a consistent result and the greatest number of spectral counts of Cazy family enzymes was found in designed β-glucosidase culture medium, followed by FPase/pectinase and xylanase. 26922416 8 89 theme 51.4 1961:1964 arg1 % 1966:1966 % 1966:1966 % 1966:1966 Enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse performed with β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail achieved 51.4 % glucose yield with 10 % w/v insoluble solids at enzyme load of 15 FPU/g material. 26922416 1 90 theme β-glucosidase 348:360 arg1 activities 369:378 β-glucosidase enzyme activities 348:378 β-glucosidase enzyme activities 348:378 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 1 91 theme enzyme 94:99 arg1 complex 101:107 enzyme complex 94:107 enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) 94:289 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 1 92 dep components 176:185 arg1 sugarcane 196:204 bagasse sugarcane 188:204 bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods 188:234 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 1 92 dep components 176:185 arg1 meal 245:248 soybean meal 237:248 soybean meal 237:248 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 1 92 dep components 176:185 arg1 components 176:185 components 176:185 several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) 154:289 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 1 92 dep components 176:185 arg1 extract 282:288 yeast extract 276:288 yeast extract 276:288 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 1 92 dep components 176:185 arg1 bran 257:260 wheat bran 251:260 wheat bran 251:260 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 1 92 dep components 176:185 arg1 sucrose 263:269 sucrose 263:269 sucrose 263:269 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 0 93 theme echinulatum 27:37 arg1 complex 66:72 Penicillium echinulatum glycoside hydrolase enzyme complex 15:72 Penicillium echinulatum glycoside hydrolase enzyme complex 15:72 Enhancement of Penicillium echinulatum glycoside hydrolase enzyme complex. 26922416 1 94 theme yeast 276:280 arg1 extract 282:288 yeast extract 276:288 yeast extract 276:288 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 1 94 theme yeast 276:280 arg1 components 176:185 components 176:185 several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) 154:289 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 6 95 theme consistent 1533:1542 arg1 result 1544:1549 a consistent result 1531:1549 a consistent result 1531:1549 Mass spectrometry analyses of secretome showed a consistent result and the greatest number of spectral counts of Cazy family enzymes was found in designed β-glucosidase culture medium, followed by FPase/pectinase and xylanase. 26922416 2 96 theme culture 416:422 arg1 media 424:428 culture media 416:428 culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods 416:493 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 9 97 theme culture 2224:2230 arg1 composition 2239:2249 the culture medium composition 2220:2249 the culture medium composition 2220:2249 Collectively the results demonstrated that it was possible to rationally modulate the GH activity of the enzymatic complex secreted by P. echinulatum using adjustment of the culture medium composition. 26922416 0 98 theme hydrolase 49:57 arg1 complex 66:72 Penicillium echinulatum glycoside hydrolase enzyme complex 15:72 Penicillium echinulatum glycoside hydrolase enzyme complex 15:72 Enhancement of Penicillium echinulatum glycoside hydrolase enzyme complex. 26922416 4 99 theme culture 1014:1020 arg1 media 1022:1026 the optimized culture media 1000:1026 the optimized culture media for enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production 1000:1096 The proteomes obtained from the optimized culture media for enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production were analyzed using mass spectrometry and a panel of GH enzyme activities against 16 different substrates. 26922416 8 100 theme 15 2031:2032 arg1 FPU/g 2034:2038 FPU/g 2034:2038 FPU/g 2034:2038 Enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse performed with β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail achieved 51.4 % glucose yield with 10 % w/v insoluble solids at enzyme load of 15 FPU/g material. 26922416 2 101 theme present 385:391 arg1 results 393:399 The present results 381:399 The present results 381:399 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 0 102 theme complex 66:72 arg1 Enhancement 0:10 Enhancement 0:10 Enhancement of Penicillium echinulatum glycoside hydrolase enzyme complex 0:72 Enhancement of Penicillium echinulatum glycoside hydrolase enzyme complex. 26922416 8 103 theme material 2040:2047 arg1 load 2023:2026 enzyme load 2016:2026 enzyme load of 15 FPU/g material 2016:2047 Enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse performed with β-glucosidase enhanced cocktail achieved 51.4 % glucose yield with 10 % w/v insoluble solids at enzyme load of 15 FPU/g material. 26922416 4 104 theme different 1183:1191 arg1 substrates 1193:1202 16 different substrates 1180:1202 16 different substrates 1180:1202 The proteomes obtained from the optimized culture media for enhanced FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase production were analyzed using mass spectrometry and a panel of GH enzyme activities against 16 different substrates. 26922416 1 105 theme increment 306:314 arg1 FPase 316:320 increment FPase 306:320 increment FPase 306:320 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 2 106 contain have 503:506 arg1 media 424:428 culture media 416:428 culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods 416:493 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 2 106 contain have 503:506 arg2 influence 524:532 any substantial influence 508:532 any substantial influence 508:532 The present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/L of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the FPase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase attained maximum values of, respectively, 2.68 FPU/mL, 2.04, and 115.4 IU/mL. 26922416 6 107 located found 1621:1625 arg2 number 1568:1573 the greatest number 1555:1573 the greatest number of spectral counts of Cazy family enzymes 1555:1615 Mass spectrometry analyses of secretome showed a consistent result and the greatest number of spectral counts of Cazy family enzymes was found in designed β-glucosidase culture medium, followed by FPase/pectinase and xylanase. 26922416 6 107 located found 1621:1625 arg1 medium 1661:1666 designed β-glucosidase culture medium 1630:1666 designed β-glucosidase culture medium 1630:1666 Mass spectrometry analyses of secretome showed a consistent result and the greatest number of spectral counts of Cazy family enzymes was found in designed β-glucosidase culture medium, followed by FPase/pectinase and xylanase. 26922416 7 108 dep identified 1728:1737 arg1 Cazy 1723:1726 Cazy 1723:1726 Cazy 1723:1726 Most of the Cazy identified protein was cellobiohydrolase (GH6 and GH7), endoglucanase (GH5), and endo-1,4-β-xylanase (GH10). 26922416 5 109 theme measured 1311:1318 arg1 activities 1320:1329 13 measured activities 1308:1329 13 measured activities 1308:1329 Culture medium designed to enhance β-glucosidase activity achieved higher enzymatic activities values (13 measured activities), compared to the culture media for FPase/pectinase (9 measured activities) and xylanase (7 measured activities), when tested against the 16 substrates. 26922416 5 109 theme measured 1311:1318 arg1 values 1300:1305 higher enzymatic activities values 1272:1305 higher enzymatic activities values (13 measured activities) 1272:1330 Culture medium designed to enhance β-glucosidase activity achieved higher enzymatic activities values (13 measured activities), compared to the culture media for FPase/pectinase (9 measured activities) and xylanase (7 measured activities), when tested against the 16 substrates. 26922416 1 110 theme wheat 251:255 arg1 bran 257:260 wheat bran 251:260 wheat bran 251:260 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 26922416 1 110 theme wheat 251:255 arg1 components 176:185 components 176:185 several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) 154:289 The enhancement of enzyme complex produced by Penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment FPase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. 25994902 0 0 theme Polarization 91:102 arg1 Induction 67:75 the Induction 63:75 the Induction of Macrophage Polarization in PMA-Treated U937 Cells 63:128 Essential Role of Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3 in the Induction of Macrophage Polarization in PMA-Treated U937 Cells. 25994902 0 1 theme Macrophage 80:89 arg1 Polarization 91:102 Macrophage Polarization 80:102 Macrophage Polarization 80:102 Essential Role of Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3 in the Induction of Macrophage Polarization in PMA-Treated U937 Cells. 25994902 0 2 from Role 10:13 arg1 Induction 67:75 the Induction 63:75 the Induction of Macrophage Polarization in PMA-Treated U937 Cells 63:128 Essential Role of Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3 in the Induction of Macrophage Polarization in PMA-Treated U937 Cells. 25994902 8 3 theme enzymatic 1311:1319 arg1 activity 1321:1328 its enzymatic activity 1307:1328 its enzymatic activity toward linoleoyl-CoA and arachidonoyl-CoA in PMA-treated U937 cells 1307:1396 LPS significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of LPCAT3, one of four LPCAT isoforms, and suppressed its enzymatic activity toward linoleoyl-CoA and arachidonoyl-CoA in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 9 4 theme spindle-shaped 1426:1439 arg1 morphology 1441:1450 a spindle-shaped morphology 1424:1450 a spindle-shaped morphology typical of M1-polarized macrophages 1424:1486 LPCAT3 knockdown induced a spindle-shaped morphology typical of M1-polarized macrophages, and increased the secretion of CXCL10 and decreased the levels of CD206 in IL-4-activated U937 cells. 25994902 0 5 theme PMA-Treated 107:117 arg1 Cells 124:128 PMA-Treated U937 Cells 107:128 PMA-Treated U937 Cells 107:128 Essential Role of Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3 in the Induction of Macrophage Polarization in PMA-Treated U937 Cells. 25994902 6 6 dep markers 994:1000 arg1 markers 994:1000 the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β 976:1025 the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β 976:1025 IL-4 had no effect on the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells and upregulated the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 6 6 dep markers 994:1000 arg1 IL-1ra 1009:1014 IL-1ra 1009:1014 IL-1ra 1009:1014 IL-4 had no effect on the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells and upregulated the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 6 6 dep markers 994:1000 arg1 TGF-β 1021:1025 TGF-β 1021:1025 TGF-β 1021:1025 IL-4 had no effect on the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells and upregulated the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 6 6 dep markers 994:1000 arg1 CD206 1002:1006 CD206 1002:1006 CD206 1002:1006 IL-4 had no effect on the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells and upregulated the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 9 7 theme M1-polarized 1463:1474 arg1 macrophages 1476:1486 M1-polarized macrophages 1463:1486 M1-polarized macrophages 1463:1486 LPCAT3 knockdown induced a spindle-shaped morphology typical of M1-polarized macrophages, and increased the secretion of CXCL10 and decreased the levels of CD206 in IL-4-activated U937 cells. 25994902 4 8 theme present 626:632 arg1 study 634:638 the present study 622:638 the present study 622:638 In the present study, we showed that LPCATs play an important role in M1/M2-macrophage polarization. 25994902 5 9 theme cells 762:766 arg1 shape 736:740 the shape 732:740 the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells 732:766 LPS changed the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells from rounded to spindle shaped and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β. 25994902 9 10 theme IL-4-activated 1564:1577 arg1 cells 1584:1588 IL-4-activated U937 cells 1564:1588 IL-4-activated U937 cells 1564:1588 LPCAT3 knockdown induced a spindle-shaped morphology typical of M1-polarized macrophages, and increased the secretion of CXCL10 and decreased the levels of CD206 in IL-4-activated U937 cells. 25994902 10 11 theme cells 1678:1682 arg1 differentiation 1642:1656 the differentiation 1638:1656 the differentiation of PMA-treated U937 cells to M1-polarized macrophages 1638:1710 This indicates that knockdown of LPCAT3 shifts the differentiation of PMA-treated U937 cells to M1-polarized macrophages. 25994902 2 12 theme LPLATs 323:328 arg1 acyltransferases 278:293 Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases 254:293 Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (LPCATs) 254:302 Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (LPCATs) are members of the LPLATs that play a role in inflammatory responses. 25994902 2 12 theme LPLATs 323:328 arg1 members 308:314 members 308:314 members of the LPLATs that play a role in inflammatory responses 308:371 Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (LPCATs) are members of the LPLATs that play a role in inflammatory responses. 25994902 9 13 theme typical 1452:1458 arg1 morphology 1441:1450 a spindle-shaped morphology 1424:1450 a spindle-shaped morphology typical of M1-polarized macrophages 1424:1486 LPCAT3 knockdown induced a spindle-shaped morphology typical of M1-polarized macrophages, and increased the secretion of CXCL10 and decreased the levels of CD206 in IL-4-activated U937 cells. 25994902 6 14 theme M2 980:981 arg1 markers 994:1000 the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β 976:1025 the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β 976:1025 IL-4 had no effect on the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells and upregulated the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 6 14 theme M2 980:981 arg1 IL-1ra 1009:1014 IL-1ra 1009:1014 IL-1ra 1009:1014 IL-4 had no effect on the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells and upregulated the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 6 14 theme M2 980:981 arg1 TGF-β 1021:1025 TGF-β 1021:1025 TGF-β 1021:1025 IL-4 had no effect on the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells and upregulated the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 6 14 theme M2 980:981 arg1 CD206 1002:1006 CD206 1002:1006 CD206 1002:1006 IL-4 had no effect on the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells and upregulated the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 6 15 theme PMA-treated 1030:1040 arg1 cells 1047:1051 PMA-treated U937 cells 1030:1051 PMA-treated U937 cells 1030:1051 IL-4 had no effect on the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells and upregulated the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 3 16 dep interleukin-4 528:540 arg1 response 516:523 response 516:523 response 516:523 M1 macrophages differentiate in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and are pro-inflammatory, whereas M2 macrophages, which differentiate in response to interleukin-4 (IL-4), are anti-inflammatory and involved in homeostasis and wound healing. 25994902 4 17 theme M1/M2-macrophage 689:704 arg1 polarization 706:717 M1/M2-macrophage polarization 689:717 M1/M2-macrophage polarization 689:717 In the present study, we showed that LPCATs play an important role in M1/M2-macrophage polarization. 25994902 3 18 theme M2 477:478 arg1 macrophages 480:490 M2 macrophages 477:490 M2 macrophages 477:490 M1 macrophages differentiate in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and are pro-inflammatory, whereas M2 macrophages, which differentiate in response to interleukin-4 (IL-4), are anti-inflammatory and involved in homeostasis and wound healing. 25994902 0 19 theme U937 119:122 arg1 Cells 124:128 PMA-Treated U937 Cells 107:128 PMA-Treated U937 Cells 107:128 Essential Role of Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3 in the Induction of Macrophage Polarization in PMA-Treated U937 Cells. 25994902 10 20 theme PMA-treated 1661:1671 arg1 cells 1678:1682 PMA-treated U937 cells 1661:1682 PMA-treated U937 cells 1661:1682 This indicates that knockdown of LPCAT3 shifts the differentiation of PMA-treated U937 cells to M1-polarized macrophages. 25994902 8 21 from activity 1321:1328 arg1 cells 1392:1396 PMA-treated U937 cells 1375:1396 PMA-treated U937 cells 1375:1396 LPS significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of LPCAT3, one of four LPCAT isoforms, and suppressed its enzymatic activity toward linoleoyl-CoA and arachidonoyl-CoA in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 7 22 theme M2-polarized 1161:1172 arg1 macrophages 1174:1184 M2-polarized macrophages 1161:1184 M2-polarized macrophages 1161:1184 These results suggest that LPS and IL-4 promote the differentiation of PMA-treated U937 cells into M1- and M2-polarized macrophages, respectively. 25994902 4 23 theme important 671:679 arg1 role 681:684 an important role 668:684 an important role 668:684 In the present study, we showed that LPCATs play an important role in M1/M2-macrophage polarization. 25994902 5 24 theme protein 828:834 arg1 expression 836:845 the mRNA and protein expression 815:845 the mRNA and protein expression of the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β 815:899 LPS changed the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells from rounded to spindle shaped and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β. 25994902 10 25 theme LPCAT3 1624:1629 arg1 knockdown 1611:1619 knockdown 1611:1619 knockdown of LPCAT3 1611:1629 This indicates that knockdown of LPCAT3 shifts the differentiation of PMA-treated U937 cells to M1-polarized macrophages. 25994902 3 26 theme wound 604:608 arg1 healing 610:616 wound healing 604:616 wound healing 604:616 M1 macrophages differentiate in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and are pro-inflammatory, whereas M2 macrophages, which differentiate in response to interleukin-4 (IL-4), are anti-inflammatory and involved in homeostasis and wound healing. 25994902 1 27 theme fatty 206:210 arg1 composition 217:227 fatty acid composition 206:227 fatty acid composition 206:227 Lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) regulate the diversification of fatty acid composition in biological membranes. 25994902 0 28 theme Essential 0:8 arg1 Role 10:13 Essential Role 0:13 Essential Role of Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3 in the Induction of Macrophage Polarization in PMA-Treated U937 Cells. 0:129 Essential Role of Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3 in the Induction of Macrophage Polarization in PMA-Treated U937 Cells. 25994902 7 29 theme cells 1142:1146 arg1 differentiation 1106:1120 the differentiation 1102:1120 the differentiation of PMA-treated U937 cells into M1- and M2-polarized macrophages 1102:1184 These results suggest that LPS and IL-4 promote the differentiation of PMA-treated U937 cells into M1- and M2-polarized macrophages, respectively. 25994902 1 30 theme acid 212:215 arg1 composition 217:227 fatty acid composition 206:227 fatty acid composition 206:227 Lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) regulate the diversification of fatty acid composition in biological membranes. 25994902 0 31 theme Lysophosphatidylcholine 18:40 arg1 Acyltransferase 42:56 Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3 18:58 Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3 18:58 Essential Role of Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3 in the Induction of Macrophage Polarization in PMA-Treated U937 Cells. 25994902 9 32 from levels 1545:1550 arg1 cells 1584:1588 IL-4-activated U937 cells 1564:1588 IL-4-activated U937 cells 1564:1588 LPCAT3 knockdown induced a spindle-shaped morphology typical of M1-polarized macrophages, and increased the secretion of CXCL10 and decreased the levels of CD206 in IL-4-activated U937 cells. 25994902 11 33 theme inflammatory 1883:1894 arg1 disorders 1896:1904 immune and inflammatory disorders 1872:1904 immune and inflammatory disorders 1872:1904 Our findings suggest that LPCAT3 plays an important role in M1/M2-macrophage polarization, providing novel potential therapeutic targets for the regulation of immune and inflammatory disorders. 25994902 1 34 theme composition 217:227 arg1 diversification 187:201 the diversification 183:201 the diversification of fatty acid composition in biological membranes 183:251 Lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) regulate the diversification of fatty acid composition in biological membranes. 25994902 8 35 theme PMA-treated 1375:1385 arg1 cells 1392:1396 PMA-treated U937 cells 1375:1396 PMA-treated U937 cells 1375:1396 LPS significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of LPCAT3, one of four LPCAT isoforms, and suppressed its enzymatic activity toward linoleoyl-CoA and arachidonoyl-CoA in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 9 36 theme U937 1579:1582 arg1 cells 1584:1588 IL-4-activated U937 cells 1564:1588 IL-4-activated U937 cells 1564:1588 LPCAT3 knockdown induced a spindle-shaped morphology typical of M1-polarized macrophages, and increased the secretion of CXCL10 and decreased the levels of CD206 in IL-4-activated U937 cells. 25994902 11 37 theme novel 1814:1818 arg1 targets 1842:1848 novel potential therapeutic targets 1814:1848 novel potential therapeutic targets 1814:1848 Our findings suggest that LPCAT3 plays an important role in M1/M2-macrophage polarization, providing novel potential therapeutic targets for the regulation of immune and inflammatory disorders. 25994902 8 38 theme U937 1387:1390 arg1 cells 1392:1396 PMA-treated U937 cells 1375:1396 PMA-treated U937 cells 1375:1396 LPS significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of LPCAT3, one of four LPCAT isoforms, and suppressed its enzymatic activity toward linoleoyl-CoA and arachidonoyl-CoA in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 9 39 theme CD206 1555:1559 arg1 levels 1545:1550 the levels 1541:1550 the levels of CD206 in IL-4-activated U937 cells 1541:1588 LPCAT3 knockdown induced a spindle-shaped morphology typical of M1-polarized macrophages, and increased the secretion of CXCL10 and decreased the levels of CD206 in IL-4-activated U937 cells. 25994902 5 40 theme macrophage 857:866 arg1 markers 868:874 the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β 850:899 the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β 850:899 LPS changed the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells from rounded to spindle shaped and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β. 25994902 5 40 theme macrophage 857:866 arg1 TNF-α 884:888 TNF-α 884:888 TNF-α 884:888 LPS changed the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells from rounded to spindle shaped and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β. 25994902 5 40 theme macrophage 857:866 arg1 IL-1β 895:899 IL-1β 895:899 IL-1β 895:899 LPS changed the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells from rounded to spindle shaped and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β. 25994902 5 40 theme macrophage 857:866 arg1 CXCL10 876:881 CXCL10 876:881 CXCL10 876:881 LPS changed the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells from rounded to spindle shaped and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β. 25994902 7 41 theme U937 1137:1140 arg1 cells 1142:1146 PMA-treated U937 cells 1125:1146 PMA-treated U937 cells 1125:1146 These results suggest that LPS and IL-4 promote the differentiation of PMA-treated U937 cells into M1- and M2-polarized macrophages, respectively. 25994902 6 42 theme cells 954:958 arg1 shape 928:932 the shape 924:932 the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells 924:958 IL-4 had no effect on the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells and upregulated the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 5 43 theme markers 868:874 arg1 expression 836:845 the mRNA and protein expression 815:845 the mRNA and protein expression of the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β 815:899 LPS changed the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells from rounded to spindle shaped and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β. 25994902 10 44 theme U937 1673:1676 arg1 cells 1678:1682 PMA-treated U937 cells 1661:1682 PMA-treated U937 cells 1661:1682 This indicates that knockdown of LPCAT3 shifts the differentiation of PMA-treated U937 cells to M1-polarized macrophages. 25994902 1 45 theme biological 232:241 arg1 membranes 243:251 biological membranes 232:251 biological membranes 232:251 Lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) regulate the diversification of fatty acid composition in biological membranes. 25994902 0 46 theme Acyltransferase 42:56 arg1 Role 10:13 Essential Role 0:13 Essential Role of Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3 in the Induction of Macrophage Polarization in PMA-Treated U937 Cells. 0:129 Essential Role of Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3 in the Induction of Macrophage Polarization in PMA-Treated U937 Cells. 25994902 6 47 theme U937 949:952 arg1 cells 954:958 PMA-treated U937 cells 937:958 PMA-treated U937 cells 937:958 IL-4 had no effect on the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells and upregulated the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 5 48 theme PMA-treated 745:755 arg1 cells 762:766 PMA-treated U937 cells 745:766 PMA-treated U937 cells 745:766 LPS changed the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells from rounded to spindle shaped and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β. 25994902 11 49 theme M1/M2-macrophage 1773:1788 arg1 polarization 1790:1801 M1/M2-macrophage polarization 1773:1801 M1/M2-macrophage polarization 1773:1801 Our findings suggest that LPCAT3 plays an important role in M1/M2-macrophage polarization, providing novel potential therapeutic targets for the regulation of immune and inflammatory disorders. 25994902 6 50 contain had 907:909 arg1 IL-4 902:905 IL-4 902:905 IL-4 902:905 IL-4 had no effect on the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells and upregulated the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 6 50 contain had 907:909 arg2 effect 914:919 no effect 911:919 no effect 911:919 IL-4 had no effect on the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells and upregulated the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 5 51 theme mRNA 819:822 arg1 expression 836:845 the mRNA and protein expression 815:845 the mRNA and protein expression of the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β 815:899 LPS changed the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells from rounded to spindle shaped and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β. 25994902 5 52 theme U937 757:760 arg1 cells 762:766 PMA-treated U937 cells 745:766 PMA-treated U937 cells 745:766 LPS changed the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells from rounded to spindle shaped and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β. 25994902 11 53 theme disorders 1896:1904 arg1 regulation 1858:1867 the regulation 1854:1867 the regulation of immune and inflammatory disorders 1854:1904 Our findings suggest that LPCAT3 plays an important role in M1/M2-macrophage polarization, providing novel potential therapeutic targets for the regulation of immune and inflammatory disorders. 25994902 0 54 from Induction 67:75 arg1 Cells 124:128 PMA-Treated U937 Cells 107:128 PMA-Treated U937 Cells 107:128 Essential Role of Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3 in the Induction of Macrophage Polarization in PMA-Treated U937 Cells. 25994902 2 55 theme Lysophosphatidylcholine 254:276 arg1 acyltransferases 278:293 Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases 254:293 Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (LPCATs) 254:302 Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (LPCATs) are members of the LPLATs that play a role in inflammatory responses. 25994902 2 55 theme Lysophosphatidylcholine 254:276 arg1 LPCATs 296:301 LPCATs 296:301 LPCATs 296:301 Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (LPCATs) are members of the LPLATs that play a role in inflammatory responses. 25994902 2 55 theme Lysophosphatidylcholine 254:276 arg1 members 308:314 members 308:314 members of the LPLATs that play a role in inflammatory responses 308:371 Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (LPCATs) are members of the LPLATs that play a role in inflammatory responses. 25994902 8 56 theme isoforms 1282:1289 arg1 one 1264:1266 one 1264:1266 one 1264:1266 LPS significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of LPCAT3, one of four LPCAT isoforms, and suppressed its enzymatic activity toward linoleoyl-CoA and arachidonoyl-CoA in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 8 56 theme isoforms 1282:1289 arg1 LPCAT3 1256:1261 LPCAT3 1256:1261 LPCAT3 1256:1261 LPS significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of LPCAT3, one of four LPCAT isoforms, and suppressed its enzymatic activity toward linoleoyl-CoA and arachidonoyl-CoA in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 8 56 theme isoforms 1282:1289 arg1 isoforms 1282:1289 four LPCAT isoforms 1271:1289 four LPCAT isoforms 1271:1289 LPS significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of LPCAT3, one of four LPCAT isoforms, and suppressed its enzymatic activity toward linoleoyl-CoA and arachidonoyl-CoA in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 7 57 theme PMA-treated 1125:1135 arg1 cells 1142:1146 PMA-treated U937 cells 1125:1146 PMA-treated U937 cells 1125:1146 These results suggest that LPS and IL-4 promote the differentiation of PMA-treated U937 cells into M1- and M2-polarized macrophages, respectively. 25994902 11 58 theme immune 1872:1877 arg1 disorders 1896:1904 immune and inflammatory disorders 1872:1904 immune and inflammatory disorders 1872:1904 Our findings suggest that LPCAT3 plays an important role in M1/M2-macrophage polarization, providing novel potential therapeutic targets for the regulation of immune and inflammatory disorders. 25994902 3 59 dep differentiate 389:401 arg1 whereas 469:475 whereas 469:475 whereas 469:475 M1 macrophages differentiate in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and are pro-inflammatory, whereas M2 macrophages, which differentiate in response to interleukin-4 (IL-4), are anti-inflammatory and involved in homeostasis and wound healing. 25994902 1 60 theme Lysophospholipid 131:146 arg1 acyltransferases 148:163 Lysophospholipid acyltransferases 131:163 Lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) 131:172 Lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) regulate the diversification of fatty acid composition in biological membranes. 25994902 1 60 theme Lysophospholipid 131:146 arg1 LPLATs 166:171 LPLATs 166:171 LPLATs 166:171 Lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) regulate the diversification of fatty acid composition in biological membranes. 25994902 11 61 dep potential 1820:1828 arg1 therapeutic 1830:1840 therapeutic 1830:1840 therapeutic 1830:1840 Our findings suggest that LPCAT3 plays an important role in M1/M2-macrophage polarization, providing novel potential therapeutic targets for the regulation of immune and inflammatory disorders. 25994902 5 62 dep markers 868:874 arg1 markers 868:874 the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β 850:899 the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β 850:899 LPS changed the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells from rounded to spindle shaped and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β. 25994902 5 62 dep markers 868:874 arg1 TNF-α 884:888 TNF-α 884:888 TNF-α 884:888 LPS changed the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells from rounded to spindle shaped and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β. 25994902 5 62 dep markers 868:874 arg1 IL-1β 895:899 IL-1β 895:899 IL-1β 895:899 LPS changed the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells from rounded to spindle shaped and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β. 25994902 5 62 dep markers 868:874 arg1 CXCL10 876:881 CXCL10 876:881 CXCL10 876:881 LPS changed the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells from rounded to spindle shaped and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β. 25994902 8 63 theme LPCAT3 1256:1261 arg1 expression 1242:1251 the mRNA expression 1233:1251 the mRNA expression of LPCAT3, one of four LPCAT isoforms, 1233:1290 LPS significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of LPCAT3, one of four LPCAT isoforms, and suppressed its enzymatic activity toward linoleoyl-CoA and arachidonoyl-CoA in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 6 64 theme macrophage 983:992 arg1 markers 994:1000 the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β 976:1025 the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β 976:1025 IL-4 had no effect on the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells and upregulated the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 6 64 theme macrophage 983:992 arg1 IL-1ra 1009:1014 IL-1ra 1009:1014 IL-1ra 1009:1014 IL-4 had no effect on the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells and upregulated the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 6 64 theme macrophage 983:992 arg1 TGF-β 1021:1025 TGF-β 1021:1025 TGF-β 1021:1025 IL-4 had no effect on the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells and upregulated the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 6 64 theme macrophage 983:992 arg1 CD206 1002:1006 CD206 1002:1006 CD206 1002:1006 IL-4 had no effect on the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells and upregulated the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 11 65 theme potential 1820:1828 arg1 targets 1842:1848 novel potential therapeutic targets 1814:1848 novel potential therapeutic targets 1814:1848 Our findings suggest that LPCAT3 plays an important role in M1/M2-macrophage polarization, providing novel potential therapeutic targets for the regulation of immune and inflammatory disorders. 25994902 6 66 theme U937 1042:1045 arg1 cells 1047:1051 PMA-treated U937 cells 1030:1051 PMA-treated U937 cells 1030:1051 IL-4 had no effect on the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells and upregulated the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 2 67 theme inflammatory 350:361 arg1 responses 363:371 inflammatory responses 350:371 inflammatory responses 350:371 Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (LPCATs) are members of the LPLATs that play a role in inflammatory responses. 25994902 9 68 theme LPCAT3 1399:1404 arg1 knockdown 1406:1414 LPCAT3 knockdown 1399:1414 LPCAT3 knockdown 1399:1414 LPCAT3 knockdown induced a spindle-shaped morphology typical of M1-polarized macrophages, and increased the secretion of CXCL10 and decreased the levels of CD206 in IL-4-activated U937 cells. 25994902 11 69 theme important 1755:1763 arg1 role 1765:1768 an important role 1752:1768 an important role 1752:1768 Our findings suggest that LPCAT3 plays an important role in M1/M2-macrophage polarization, providing novel potential therapeutic targets for the regulation of immune and inflammatory disorders. 25994902 5 70 theme M1 854:855 arg1 markers 868:874 the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β 850:899 the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β 850:899 LPS changed the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells from rounded to spindle shaped and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β. 25994902 5 70 theme M1 854:855 arg1 TNF-α 884:888 TNF-α 884:888 TNF-α 884:888 LPS changed the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells from rounded to spindle shaped and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β. 25994902 5 70 theme M1 854:855 arg1 IL-1β 895:899 IL-1β 895:899 IL-1β 895:899 LPS changed the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells from rounded to spindle shaped and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β. 25994902 5 70 theme M1 854:855 arg1 CXCL10 876:881 CXCL10 876:881 CXCL10 876:881 LPS changed the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells from rounded to spindle shaped and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-1β. 25994902 9 71 theme CXCL10 1520:1525 arg1 secretion 1507:1515 the secretion 1503:1515 the secretion of CXCL10 1503:1525 LPCAT3 knockdown induced a spindle-shaped morphology typical of M1-polarized macrophages, and increased the secretion of CXCL10 and decreased the levels of CD206 in IL-4-activated U937 cells. 25994902 8 72 theme mRNA 1237:1240 arg1 expression 1242:1251 the mRNA expression 1233:1251 the mRNA expression of LPCAT3, one of four LPCAT isoforms, 1233:1290 LPS significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of LPCAT3, one of four LPCAT isoforms, and suppressed its enzymatic activity toward linoleoyl-CoA and arachidonoyl-CoA in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 10 73 theme M1-polarized 1687:1698 arg1 macrophages 1700:1710 M1-polarized macrophages 1687:1710 M1-polarized macrophages 1687:1710 This indicates that knockdown of LPCAT3 shifts the differentiation of PMA-treated U937 cells to M1-polarized macrophages. 25994902 3 74 theme M1 374:375 arg1 macrophages 377:387 M1 macrophages 374:387 M1 macrophages 374:387 M1 macrophages differentiate in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and are pro-inflammatory, whereas M2 macrophages, which differentiate in response to interleukin-4 (IL-4), are anti-inflammatory and involved in homeostasis and wound healing. 25994902 9 75 theme macrophages 1476:1486 arg1 typical 1452:1458 typical 1452:1458 typical 1452:1458 LPCAT3 knockdown induced a spindle-shaped morphology typical of M1-polarized macrophages, and increased the secretion of CXCL10 and decreased the levels of CD206 in IL-4-activated U937 cells. 25994902 1 76 from diversification 187:201 arg1 membranes 243:251 biological membranes 232:251 biological membranes 232:251 Lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) regulate the diversification of fatty acid composition in biological membranes. 25994902 8 77 theme LPCAT 1276:1280 arg1 isoforms 1282:1289 four LPCAT isoforms 1271:1289 four LPCAT isoforms 1271:1289 LPS significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of LPCAT3, one of four LPCAT isoforms, and suppressed its enzymatic activity toward linoleoyl-CoA and arachidonoyl-CoA in PMA-treated U937 cells. 25994902 6 78 theme PMA-treated 937:947 arg1 cells 954:958 PMA-treated U937 cells 937:958 PMA-treated U937 cells 937:958 IL-4 had no effect on the shape of PMA-treated U937 cells and upregulated the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL-1ra, and TGF-β in PMA-treated U937 cells. 27959785 9 0 theme Paenibacillus 1241:1253 arg1 sp 1265:1266 Paenibacillus eucommiae sp 1241:1266 Paenibacillus eucommiae sp 1241:1266 The name proposed for this taxon is Paenibacillus eucommiae sp. 27959785 9 0 theme Paenibacillus 1241:1253 arg1 name 1209:1212 The name 1205:1212 The name proposed for this taxon 1205:1236 The name proposed for this taxon is Paenibacillus eucommiae sp. 27959785 3 1 from colonies 369:376 arg1 agar 393:396 tryptic soy agar 381:396 tryptic soy agar 381:396 The aerobic isolate formed pale white colonies on tryptic soy agar. 27959785 6 2 theme 95.1  1002:1006 arg1 % 1007:1007 % 1007:1007 % 1007:1007 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was closely related to Paenibacillus aestuarii DSM 23861T with 95.1 % similarity. 27959785 9 3 theme eucommiae 1255:1263 arg1 sp 1265:1266 Paenibacillus eucommiae sp 1241:1266 Paenibacillus eucommiae sp 1241:1266 The name proposed for this taxon is Paenibacillus eucommiae sp. 27959785 9 3 theme eucommiae 1255:1263 arg1 name 1209:1212 The name 1205:1212 The name proposed for this taxon 1205:1236 The name proposed for this taxon is Paenibacillus eucommiae sp. 27959785 5 4 theme predominant 597:607 arg1 menaquinone 609:619 the predominant menaquinone 593:619 the predominant menaquinone 593:619 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 6 5 theme Phylogenetic 855:866 arg1 analysis 868:875 Phylogenetic analysis 855:875 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 855:911 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was closely related to Paenibacillus aestuarii DSM 23861T with 95.1 % similarity. 27959785 3 6 theme aerobic 335:341 arg1 isolate 343:349 The aerobic isolate 331:349 The aerobic isolate 331:349 The aerobic isolate formed pale white colonies on tryptic soy agar. 27959785 6 7 theme gene 899:902 arg1 sequence 904:911 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 886:911 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 886:911 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was closely related to Paenibacillus aestuarii DSM 23861T with 95.1 % similarity. 27959785 5 8 dep MK-7 585:588 arg1  0 673:674  0 673:674  0 673:674 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 5 8 dep MK-7 585:588 arg1 iso-C15  639:646 iso-C15  639:646 iso-C15  639:646 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 5 8 dep MK-7 585:588 arg1 C16  668:671 C16  668:671 C16  668:671 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 5 8 dep MK-7 585:588 arg1  0 635:636  0 635:636  0 635:636 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 5 8 dep MK-7 585:588 arg1  0 661:662  0 661:662  0 661:662 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 2 9 attach isolated 195:202 arg1 Oliver 273:278 Oliver 273:278 Oliver 273:278 The taxonomic status of a novel bacterium, designated strain CPCC 100226T, isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 27959785 2 9 attach isolated 195:202 arg2 bacterium 152:160 a novel bacterium 144:160 a novel bacterium 144:160 The taxonomic status of a novel bacterium, designated strain CPCC 100226T, isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 27959785 2 9 attach isolated 195:202 arg1 plant 248:252 a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant 209:252 a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant 209:252 The taxonomic status of a novel bacterium, designated strain CPCC 100226T, isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 27959785 5 10 theme fatty 689:693 arg1 acids 695:699 the major fatty acids 679:699 the major fatty acids 679:699 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 5 10 theme fatty 689:693 arg1 presence 516:523 the presence 512:523 the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid 512:551 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 6 11 theme rRNA 894:897 arg1 sequence 904:911 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 886:911 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 886:911 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was closely related to Paenibacillus aestuarii DSM 23861T with 95.1 % similarity. 27959785 10 12 theme =DSM 1293:1296 arg1 33054T 1310:1315 =DSM 26048T=KCTC 33054T 1293:1315 =DSM 26048T=KCTC 33054T 1293:1315 nov. with CPCC 100226T (=DSM 26048T=KCTC 33054T) as the type strain. 27959785 1 13 theme traditional 50:60 arg1 plant 87:91 a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant 48:91 a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant 48:91 nov., isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. 27959785 1 14 attach isolated 34:41 arg1 plant 87:91 a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant 48:91 a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant 48:91 nov., isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. 27959785 1 14 attach isolated 34:41 arg2 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. 27959785 6 15 theme 16S 890:892 arg1 rRNA 894:897 the 16S rRNA 886:897 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 886:911 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was closely related to Paenibacillus aestuarii DSM 23861T with 95.1 % similarity. 27959785 10 16 with nov. 1269:1272 arg1 CPCC 1279:1282 CPCC 1279:1282 CPCC 1279:1282 nov. with CPCC 100226T (=DSM 26048T=KCTC 33054T) as the type strain. 27959785 5 17 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 747:770 arg1 pattern 736:742 a phospholipid pattern 721:742 a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids 721:852 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 1 18 theme Chinese 62:68 arg1 plant 87:91 a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant 48:91 a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant 48:91 nov., isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. 27959785 6 19 theme DSM 986:988 arg1 23861T 990:995 Paenibacillus aestuarii DSM 23861T 962:995 Paenibacillus aestuarii DSM 23861T with 95.1 % similarity 962:1018 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was closely related to Paenibacillus aestuarii DSM 23861T with 95.1 % similarity. 27959785 8 20 dep data 1116:1119 arg1 the 1074:1076 the 1074:1076 the 1074:1076 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus. 27959785 8 20 dep data 1116:1119 arg1 basis 1078:1082 basis 1078:1082 basis 1078:1082 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus. 27959785 1 21 theme medicinal 70:78 arg1 plant 87:91 a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant 48:91 a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant 48:91 nov., isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. 27959785 8 22 theme Paenibacillus 1190:1202 arg1 genus 1184:1188 the genus Paenibacillus 1180:1202 the genus Paenibacillus 1180:1202 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus. 27959785 0 23 theme eucommiae 14:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Paenibacillus eucommiae sp 0:25 Paenibacillus eucommiae sp. 0:26 Paenibacillus eucommiae sp. 27959785 2 24 theme taxonomic 124:132 arg1 status 134:139 The taxonomic status 120:139 The taxonomic status of a novel bacterium, designated strain CPCC 100226T, isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, 120:279 The taxonomic status of a novel bacterium, designated strain CPCC 100226T, isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 27959785 1 25 theme herbal 80:85 arg1 plant 87:91 a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant 48:91 a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant 48:91 nov., isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. 27959785 0 26 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 24:25 Paenibacillus eucommiae sp 0:25 Paenibacillus eucommiae sp. 0:26 Paenibacillus eucommiae sp. 27959785 6 27 theme aestuarii 976:984 arg1 23861T 990:995 Paenibacillus aestuarii DSM 23861T 962:995 Paenibacillus aestuarii DSM 23861T with 95.1 % similarity 962:1018 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was closely related to Paenibacillus aestuarii DSM 23861T with 95.1 % similarity. 27959785 5 28 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 773:794 arg1 pattern 736:742 a phospholipid pattern 721:742 a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids 721:852 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 6 29 theme Paenibacillus 962:974 arg1 23861T 990:995 Paenibacillus aestuarii DSM 23861T 962:995 Paenibacillus aestuarii DSM 23861T with 95.1 % similarity 962:1018 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was closely related to Paenibacillus aestuarii DSM 23861T with 95.1 % similarity. 27959785 10 30 theme type 1325:1328 arg1 strain 1330:1335 the type strain 1321:1335 the type strain 1321:1335 nov. with CPCC 100226T (=DSM 26048T=KCTC 33054T) as the type strain. 27959785 10 31 dep 100226T 1284:1290 arg1 33054T 1310:1315 =DSM 26048T=KCTC 33054T 1293:1315 =DSM 26048T=KCTC 33054T 1293:1315 nov. with CPCC 100226T (=DSM 26048T=KCTC 33054T) as the type strain. 27959785 5 32 theme phosphatidylglycerol 797:816 arg1 pattern 736:742 a phospholipid pattern 721:742 a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids 721:852 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 3 33 theme pale 358:361 arg1 colonies 369:376 pale white colonies 358:376 pale white colonies on tryptic soy agar 358:396 The aerobic isolate formed pale white colonies on tryptic soy agar. 27959785 7 34 theme 47.9 mol 1060:1067 arg1 % 1068:1068 47.9 mol% 1060:1068 47.9 mol% 1060:1068 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.9 mol%. 27959785 7 34 theme 47.9 mol 1060:1067 arg1 content 1029:1035 The G+C content 1021:1035 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1021:1054 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.9 mol%. 27959785 3 35 theme soy 389:391 arg1 agar 393:396 tryptic soy agar 381:396 tryptic soy agar 381:396 The aerobic isolate formed pale white colonies on tryptic soy agar. 27959785 7 36 theme genomic 1044:1050 arg1 DNA 1052:1054 the genomic DNA 1040:1054 the genomic DNA 1040:1054 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.9 mol%. 27959785 2 37 theme traditional 211:221 arg1 Oliver 273:278 Oliver 273:278 Oliver 273:278 The taxonomic status of a novel bacterium, designated strain CPCC 100226T, isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 27959785 2 37 theme traditional 211:221 arg1 plant 248:252 a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant 209:252 a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant 209:252 The taxonomic status of a novel bacterium, designated strain CPCC 100226T, isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 27959785 5 38 theme Chemotaxonomic 473:486 arg1 investigations 488:501 Chemotaxonomic investigations 473:501 Chemotaxonomic investigations 473:501 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 5 39 theme unidentified 822:833 arg1 aminophospholipids 835:852 unidentified aminophospholipids 822:852 unidentified aminophospholipids 822:852 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 5 40 theme phospholipid 723:734 arg1 pattern 736:742 a phospholipid pattern 721:742 a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids 721:852 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 5 41 dep iso-C15  639:646 arg1  0 648:649  0 648:649  0 648:649 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 2 42 theme bacterium 152:160 arg1 status 134:139 The taxonomic status 120:139 The taxonomic status of a novel bacterium, designated strain CPCC 100226T, isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, 120:279 The taxonomic status of a novel bacterium, designated strain CPCC 100226T, isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 27959785 8 43 theme novel 1163:1167 arg1 species 1169:1175 a novel species 1161:1175 a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus 1161:1202 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus. 27959785 10 44 theme 26048T=KCTC 1298:1308 arg1 33054T 1310:1315 =DSM 26048T=KCTC 33054T 1293:1315 =DSM 26048T=KCTC 33054T 1293:1315 nov. with CPCC 100226T (=DSM 26048T=KCTC 33054T) as the type strain. 27959785 5 45 theme aminophospholipids 835:852 arg1 pattern 736:742 a phospholipid pattern 721:742 a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids 721:852 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 8 46 theme genus 1184:1188 arg1 species 1169:1175 a novel species 1161:1175 a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus 1161:1202 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus. 27959785 5 47 theme major 683:687 arg1 acids 695:699 the major fatty acids 679:699 the major fatty acids 679:699 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 5 47 theme major 683:687 arg1 presence 516:523 the presence 512:523 the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid 512:551 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 2 48 theme novel 146:150 arg1 bacterium 152:160 a novel bacterium 144:160 a novel bacterium 144:160 The taxonomic status of a novel bacterium, designated strain CPCC 100226T, isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 27959785 5 49 theme diagnostic 560:569 arg1 presence 516:523 the presence 512:523 the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid 512:551 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 5 49 theme diagnostic 560:569 arg1 MK-7 585:588 MK-7 585:588 MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone 585:619 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 5 49 theme diagnostic 560:569 arg1 acid 579:582 the diagnostic diamino acid 556:582 the diagnostic diamino acid 556:582 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 7 50 theme DNA 1052:1054 arg1 % 1068:1068 47.9 mol% 1060:1068 47.9 mol% 1060:1068 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.9 mol%. 27959785 7 50 theme DNA 1052:1054 arg1 content 1029:1035 The G+C content 1021:1035 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1021:1054 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.9 mol%. 27959785 3 51 theme tryptic 381:387 arg1 agar 393:396 tryptic soy agar 381:396 tryptic soy agar 381:396 The aerobic isolate formed pale white colonies on tryptic soy agar. 27959785 5 52 theme diamino 571:577 arg1 presence 516:523 the presence 512:523 the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid 512:551 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 5 52 theme diamino 571:577 arg1 MK-7 585:588 MK-7 585:588 MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone 585:619 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 5 52 theme diamino 571:577 arg1 acid 579:582 the diagnostic diamino acid 556:582 the diagnostic diamino acid 556:582 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 2 53 theme polyphasic 310:319 arg1 approach 321:328 a polyphasic approach 308:328 a polyphasic approach 308:328 The taxonomic status of a novel bacterium, designated strain CPCC 100226T, isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 27959785 7 54 theme G+C 1025:1027 arg1 % 1068:1068 47.9 mol% 1060:1068 47.9 mol% 1060:1068 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.9 mol%. 27959785 7 54 theme G+C 1025:1027 arg1 content 1029:1035 The G+C content 1021:1035 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1021:1054 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.9 mol%. 27959785 6 55 with 23861T 990:995 arg1 similarity 1009:1018 95.1 % similarity 1002:1018 95.1 % similarity 1002:1018 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was closely related to Paenibacillus aestuarii DSM 23861T with 95.1 % similarity. 27959785 1 56 dep Oliver 112:117 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. 27959785 2 57 theme CPCC 181:184 arg1 100226T 186:192 strain CPCC 100226T 174:192 strain CPCC 100226T 174:192 The taxonomic status of a novel bacterium, designated strain CPCC 100226T, isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 27959785 2 58 theme herbal 241:246 arg1 Oliver 273:278 Oliver 273:278 Oliver 273:278 The taxonomic status of a novel bacterium, designated strain CPCC 100226T, isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 27959785 2 58 theme herbal 241:246 arg1 plant 248:252 a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant 209:252 a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant 209:252 The taxonomic status of a novel bacterium, designated strain CPCC 100226T, isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 27959785 8 59 theme genotypic 1091:1099 arg1 data 1116:1119 the genotypic and phenotypic data 1087:1119 the genotypic and phenotypic data 1087:1119 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus. 27959785 8 60 theme phenotypic 1105:1114 arg1 data 1116:1119 the genotypic and phenotypic data 1087:1119 the genotypic and phenotypic data 1087:1119 On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus. 27959785 2 61 theme strain 174:179 arg1 100226T 186:192 strain CPCC 100226T 174:192 strain CPCC 100226T 174:192 The taxonomic status of a novel bacterium, designated strain CPCC 100226T, isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 27959785 2 62 theme medicinal 231:239 arg1 Oliver 273:278 Oliver 273:278 Oliver 273:278 The taxonomic status of a novel bacterium, designated strain CPCC 100226T, isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 27959785 2 62 theme medicinal 231:239 arg1 plant 248:252 a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant 209:252 a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant 209:252 The taxonomic status of a novel bacterium, designated strain CPCC 100226T, isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 27959785 5 63 theme meso-diaminopimelic 528:546 arg1 acid 548:551 meso-diaminopimelic acid 528:551 meso-diaminopimelic acid 528:551 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 5 64 contain had 717:719 arg1 strain 710:715 the strain 706:715 the strain 706:715 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 5 64 contain had 717:719 arg2 pattern 736:742 a phospholipid pattern 721:742 a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids 721:852 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 2 65 theme Chinese 223:229 arg1 Oliver 273:278 Oliver 273:278 Oliver 273:278 The taxonomic status of a novel bacterium, designated strain CPCC 100226T, isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 27959785 2 65 theme Chinese 223:229 arg1 plant 248:252 a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant 209:252 a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant 209:252 The taxonomic status of a novel bacterium, designated strain CPCC 100226T, isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 27959785 5 66 theme acid 548:551 arg1 acids 695:699 the major fatty acids 679:699 the major fatty acids 679:699 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 5 66 theme acid 548:551 arg1 acid 579:582 the diagnostic diamino acid 556:582 the diagnostic diamino acid 556:582 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 5 66 theme acid 548:551 arg1 presence 516:523 the presence 512:523 the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid 512:551 Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and the strain had a phospholipid pattern of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified aminophospholipids. 27959785 3 67 theme white 363:367 arg1 colonies 369:376 pale white colonies 358:376 pale white colonies on tryptic soy agar 358:396 The aerobic isolate formed pale white colonies on tryptic soy agar. 27959785 6 68 theme % 1007:1007 arg1 similarity 1009:1018 95.1 % similarity 1002:1018 95.1 % similarity 1002:1018 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was closely related to Paenibacillus aestuarii DSM 23861T with 95.1 % similarity. 27373748 4 0 from acid 466:469 arg1 peptidoglycan 478:490 the peptidoglycan 474:490 the peptidoglycan 474:490 MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was a diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27373748 8 1 theme Paenibacillus 1000:1012 arg1 profundus 1014:1022 Paenibacillus profundus 1000:1022 Paenibacillus profundus 1000:1022 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NC2-42T showed the highest similarity (92.32 %) to Paenibacillus profundus within the family Paenibacillaceae. 27373748 9 2 theme new 1187:1189 arg1 genus 1191:1195 a new genus 1185:1195 a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae 1185:1230 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov., sp. 27373748 8 3 theme family 1035:1040 arg1 Paenibacillaceae 1042:1057 the family Paenibacillaceae 1031:1057 the family Paenibacillaceae 1031:1057 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NC2-42T showed the highest similarity (92.32 %) to Paenibacillus profundus within the family Paenibacillaceae. 27373748 2 4 dep Gram-stain-variable 81:99 arg1 bent 102:105 bent 102:105 bent 102:105 Novel Gram-stain-variable, bent rods or long filaments that were endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase- and catalase-negative, and designated strain NC2-42T, were isolated from sediment on the coast of Weihai, China. 27373748 9 5 theme polyphasic 1108:1117 arg1 approach 1119:1126 a polyphasic approach 1106:1126 a polyphasic approach 1106:1126 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov., sp. 27373748 8 6 theme Phylogenetic 873:884 arg1 analysis 886:893 Phylogenetic analysis 873:893 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 873:926 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NC2-42T showed the highest similarity (92.32 %) to Paenibacillus profundus within the family Paenibacillaceae. 27373748 7 7 theme G+C 801:803 arg1 content 805:811 The G+C content 797:811 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain NC2-42T 797:848 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain NC2-42T was 58.11 mol% (HPLC). 27373748 7 7 theme G+C 801:803 arg1 % 863:863 58.11 mol% 854:863 58.11 mol% (HPLC) 854:870 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain NC2-42T was 58.11 mol% (HPLC). 27373748 4 8 theme diamino 458:464 arg1 acid 436:439 meso-diaminopimelic acid 416:439 meso-diaminopimelic acid 416:439 MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was a diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27373748 4 8 theme diamino 458:464 arg1 acid 466:469 a diagnostic diamino acid 445:469 a diagnostic diamino acid 445:469 MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was a diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27373748 8 9 theme strain 942:947 arg1 NC2-42T 949:955 strain NC2-42T 942:955 strain NC2-42T 942:955 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NC2-42T showed the highest similarity (92.32 %) to Paenibacillus profundus within the family Paenibacillaceae. 27373748 4 10 theme meso-diaminopimelic 416:434 arg1 acid 436:439 meso-diaminopimelic acid 416:439 meso-diaminopimelic acid 416:439 MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was a diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27373748 4 10 theme meso-diaminopimelic 416:434 arg1 acid 466:469 a diagnostic diamino acid 445:469 a diagnostic diamino acid 445:469 MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was a diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27373748 5 11 theme unknown 628:634 arg1 phosphoaminolipid 636:652 an unknown phosphoaminolipid 625:652 an unknown phosphoaminolipid 625:652 The polar lipid profile of this novel isolate consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown phosphoaminolipid, two unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 27373748 9 12 theme taxonomic 1084:1092 arg1 study 1094:1098 this taxonomic study 1079:1098 this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach 1079:1126 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov., sp. 27373748 0 13 theme Marinicrinis 0:11 arg1 nov. 28:31 Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov. 0:31 Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov. 0:31 Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov., sp. 27373748 6 14 from acids 726:730 arg1 NC2-42T 742:748 strain NC2-42T 735:748 strain NC2-42T 735:748 The major cellular fatty acids in strain NC2-42T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373748 9 15 theme genus 1191:1195 arg1 species 1174:1180 a novel species 1166:1180 a novel species of a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae 1166:1230 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov., sp. 27373748 3 16 dep % 360:360 arg1 w/v 363:365 w/v 363:365 w/v 363:365 Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 7.5 and with 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 27373748 8 17 theme 16S 904:906 arg1 sequences 918:926 16S rRNA gene sequences 904:926 16S rRNA gene sequences 904:926 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NC2-42T showed the highest similarity (92.32 %) to Paenibacillus profundus within the family Paenibacillaceae. 27373748 1 18 theme marine 58:63 arg1 sediment 65:72 marine sediment 58:72 marine sediment 58:72 nov., isolated from marine sediment. 27373748 6 19 dep anteiso-C15  755:766 arg1  0 768:769  0 768:769  0 768:769 The major cellular fatty acids in strain NC2-42T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373748 6 19 dep anteiso-C15  755:766 arg1 anteiso-C15  755:766 anteiso-C15  755:766 anteiso-C15  755:766 The major cellular fatty acids in strain NC2-42T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373748 6 19 dep anteiso-C15  755:766 arg1 acids 726:730 The major cellular fatty acids 701:730 The major cellular fatty acids in strain NC2-42T 701:748 The major cellular fatty acids in strain NC2-42T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373748 0 20 theme sediminis 13:21 arg1 nov. 28:31 Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov. 0:31 Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov. 0:31 Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov., sp. 27373748 2 21 theme long 115:118 arg1 filaments 120:128 long filaments 115:128 long filaments 115:128 Novel Gram-stain-variable, bent rods or long filaments that were endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase- and catalase-negative, and designated strain NC2-42T, were isolated from sediment on the coast of Weihai, China. 27373748 8 22 theme highest 968:974 arg1 similarity 976:985 the highest similarity 964:985 the highest similarity (92.32 %) to Paenibacillus profundus 964:1022 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NC2-42T showed the highest similarity (92.32 %) to Paenibacillus profundus within the family Paenibacillaceae. 27373748 8 22 theme highest 968:974 arg1 % 994:994 92.32 % 988:994 92.32 % 988:994 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NC2-42T showed the highest similarity (92.32 %) to Paenibacillus profundus within the family Paenibacillaceae. 27373748 7 23 theme mol 860:862 arg1 HPLC 866:869 HPLC 866:869 HPLC 866:869 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain NC2-42T was 58.11 mol% (HPLC). 27373748 7 23 theme mol 860:862 arg1 content 805:811 The G+C content 797:811 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain NC2-42T 797:848 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain NC2-42T was 58.11 mol% (HPLC). 27373748 7 23 theme mol 860:862 arg1 % 863:863 58.11 mol% 854:863 58.11 mol% (HPLC) 854:870 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain NC2-42T was 58.11 mol% (HPLC). 27373748 3 24 theme 2-3  356:359 arg1 % 360:360 % 360:360 % 360:360 Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 7.5 and with 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 27373748 9 25 theme family 1208:1213 arg1 Paenibacillaceae 1215:1230 the family Paenibacillaceae 1204:1230 the family Paenibacillaceae 1204:1230 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov., sp. 27373748 5 26 theme unknown 603:609 arg1 phospholipid 611:622 an unknown phospholipid 600:622 an unknown phospholipid 600:622 The polar lipid profile of this novel isolate consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown phosphoaminolipid, two unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 27373748 5 27 theme novel 525:529 arg1 isolate 531:537 this novel isolate 520:537 this novel isolate 520:537 The polar lipid profile of this novel isolate consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown phosphoaminolipid, two unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 27373748 6 28 dep  0 768:769 arg1  0 793:794  0 793:794  0 793:794 The major cellular fatty acids in strain NC2-42T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373748 6 28 dep  0 768:769 arg1 C16  788:791 C16  788:791 C16  788:791 The major cellular fatty acids in strain NC2-42T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373748 6 28 dep  0 768:769 arg1  0 781:782  0 781:782  0 781:782 The major cellular fatty acids in strain NC2-42T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373748 8 29 theme gene 913:916 arg1 sequences 918:926 16S rRNA gene sequences 904:926 16S rRNA gene sequences 904:926 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NC2-42T showed the highest similarity (92.32 %) to Paenibacillus profundus within the family Paenibacillaceae. 27373748 7 30 theme NC2-42T 842:848 arg1 DNA 828:830 the genomic DNA 816:830 the genomic DNA of strain NC2-42T 816:848 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain NC2-42T was 58.11 mol% (HPLC). 27373748 4 31 from quinone 404:410 arg1 peptidoglycan 478:490 the peptidoglycan 474:490 the peptidoglycan 474:490 MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was a diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27373748 5 32 theme isolate 531:537 arg1 profile 509:515 The polar lipid profile 493:515 The polar lipid profile of this novel isolate 493:537 The polar lipid profile of this novel isolate consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown phosphoaminolipid, two unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 27373748 8 33 theme rRNA 908:911 arg1 sequences 918:926 16S rRNA gene sequences 904:926 16S rRNA gene sequences 904:926 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NC2-42T showed the highest similarity (92.32 %) to Paenibacillus profundus within the family Paenibacillaceae. 27373748 0 34 theme gen. 23:26 arg1 nov. 28:31 Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov. 0:31 Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov. 0:31 Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov., sp. 27373748 6 35 theme fatty 720:724 arg1  0 768:769  0 768:769  0 768:769 The major cellular fatty acids in strain NC2-42T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373748 6 35 theme fatty 720:724 arg1 anteiso-C15  755:766 anteiso-C15  755:766 anteiso-C15  755:766 The major cellular fatty acids in strain NC2-42T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373748 6 35 theme fatty 720:724 arg1 acids 726:730 The major cellular fatty acids 701:730 The major cellular fatty acids in strain NC2-42T 701:748 The major cellular fatty acids in strain NC2-42T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373748 4 36 theme sole 387:390 arg1 MK-7 374:377 MK-7 374:377 MK-7 374:377 MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was a diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27373748 4 36 theme sole 387:390 arg1 quinone 404:410 the sole respiratory quinone 383:410 the sole respiratory quinone 383:410 MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was a diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27373748 11 37 theme type 1294:1297 arg1 strain 1299:1304 The type strain 1290:1304 The type strain of the type species 1290:1324 The type strain of the type species is NC2-42T (=KCTC 33676T=MCCC 1K01238T). 27373748 11 37 theme type 1294:1297 arg1 NC2-42T 1329:1335 NC2-42T 1329:1335 NC2-42T (=KCTC 33676T=MCCC 1K01238T) 1329:1364 The type strain of the type species is NC2-42T (=KCTC 33676T=MCCC 1K01238T). 27373748 11 38 theme type 1313:1316 arg1 species 1318:1324 the type species 1309:1324 the type species 1309:1324 The type strain of the type species is NC2-42T (=KCTC 33676T=MCCC 1K01238T). 27373748 11 39 theme species 1318:1324 arg1 strain 1299:1304 The type strain 1290:1304 The type strain of the type species 1290:1324 The type strain of the type species is NC2-42T (=KCTC 33676T=MCCC 1K01238T). 27373748 11 39 theme species 1318:1324 arg1 NC2-42T 1329:1335 NC2-42T 1329:1335 NC2-42T (=KCTC 33676T=MCCC 1K01238T) 1329:1364 The type strain of the type species is NC2-42T (=KCTC 33676T=MCCC 1K01238T). 27373748 2 40 theme strain 231:236 arg1 NC2-42T 238:244 designated strain NC2-42T 220:244 designated strain NC2-42T 220:244 Novel Gram-stain-variable, bent rods or long filaments that were endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase- and catalase-negative, and designated strain NC2-42T, were isolated from sediment on the coast of Weihai, China. 27373748 11 41 theme =KCTC 1338:1342 arg1 1K01238T 1356:1363 =KCTC 33676T=MCCC 1K01238T 1338:1363 =KCTC 33676T=MCCC 1K01238T 1338:1363 The type strain of the type species is NC2-42T (=KCTC 33676T=MCCC 1K01238T). 27373748 11 41 theme =KCTC 1338:1342 arg1 NC2-42T 1329:1335 NC2-42T 1329:1335 NC2-42T (=KCTC 33676T=MCCC 1K01238T) 1329:1364 The type strain of the type species is NC2-42T (=KCTC 33676T=MCCC 1K01238T). 27373748 2 42 theme Gram-stain-variable 81:99 arg1 rods 107:110 Novel Gram-stain-variable, bent rods 75:110 Novel Gram-stain-variable, bent rods 75:110 Novel Gram-stain-variable, bent rods or long filaments that were endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase- and catalase-negative, and designated strain NC2-42T, were isolated from sediment on the coast of Weihai, China. 27373748 5 43 theme unknown 686:692 arg1 lipid 694:698 an unknown lipid 683:698 an unknown lipid 683:698 The polar lipid profile of this novel isolate consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown phosphoaminolipid, two unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 27373748 2 44 theme designated 220:229 arg1 NC2-42T 238:244 designated strain NC2-42T 220:244 designated strain NC2-42T 220:244 Novel Gram-stain-variable, bent rods or long filaments that were endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase- and catalase-negative, and designated strain NC2-42T, were isolated from sediment on the coast of Weihai, China. 27373748 9 45 theme sediminis 1260:1268 arg1 sp 1281:1282 sp 1281:1282 sp 1281:1282 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov., sp. 27373748 9 45 theme sediminis 1260:1268 arg1 nov. 1275:1278 the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov. 1238:1278 the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov. 1238:1278 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov., sp. 27373748 3 46 theme % 360:360 arg1 NaCl 368:371 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl 356:371 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl 356:371 Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 7.5 and with 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 27373748 2 47 theme Novel 75:79 arg1 rods 107:110 Novel Gram-stain-variable, bent rods 75:110 Novel Gram-stain-variable, bent rods 75:110 Novel Gram-stain-variable, bent rods or long filaments that were endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase- and catalase-negative, and designated strain NC2-42T, were isolated from sediment on the coast of Weihai, China. 27373748 4 48 theme respiratory 392:402 arg1 MK-7 374:377 MK-7 374:377 MK-7 374:377 MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was a diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27373748 4 48 theme respiratory 392:402 arg1 quinone 404:410 the sole respiratory quinone 383:410 the sole respiratory quinone 383:410 MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was a diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27373748 0 49 dep sp 34:35 arg1 nov. 28:31 Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov. 0:31 Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov. 0:31 Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov., sp. 27373748 5 50 theme polar 497:501 arg1 profile 509:515 The polar lipid profile 493:515 The polar lipid profile of this novel isolate 493:537 The polar lipid profile of this novel isolate consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown phosphoaminolipid, two unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 27373748 9 51 theme Marinicrinis 1247:1258 arg1 sp 1281:1282 sp 1281:1282 sp 1281:1282 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov., sp. 27373748 9 51 theme Marinicrinis 1247:1258 arg1 nov. 1275:1278 the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov. 1238:1278 the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov. 1238:1278 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov., sp. 27373748 9 52 theme novel 1168:1172 arg1 species 1174:1180 a novel species 1166:1180 a novel species of a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae 1166:1230 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov., sp. 27373748 5 53 theme lipid 503:507 arg1 profile 509:515 The polar lipid profile 493:515 The polar lipid profile of this novel isolate 493:537 The polar lipid profile of this novel isolate consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown phosphoaminolipid, two unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 27373748 11 54 theme 33676T=MCCC 1344:1354 arg1 1K01238T 1356:1363 =KCTC 33676T=MCCC 1K01238T 1338:1363 =KCTC 33676T=MCCC 1K01238T 1338:1363 The type strain of the type species is NC2-42T (=KCTC 33676T=MCCC 1K01238T). 27373748 11 54 theme 33676T=MCCC 1344:1354 arg1 NC2-42T 1329:1335 NC2-42T 1329:1335 NC2-42T (=KCTC 33676T=MCCC 1K01238T) 1329:1364 The type strain of the type species is NC2-42T (=KCTC 33676T=MCCC 1K01238T). 27373748 6 55 theme strain 735:740 arg1 NC2-42T 742:748 strain NC2-42T 735:748 strain NC2-42T 735:748 The major cellular fatty acids in strain NC2-42T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373748 6 56 theme cellular 711:718 arg1  0 768:769  0 768:769  0 768:769 The major cellular fatty acids in strain NC2-42T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373748 6 56 theme cellular 711:718 arg1 anteiso-C15  755:766 anteiso-C15  755:766 anteiso-C15  755:766 The major cellular fatty acids in strain NC2-42T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373748 6 56 theme cellular 711:718 arg1 acids 726:730 The major cellular fatty acids 701:730 The major cellular fatty acids in strain NC2-42T 701:748 The major cellular fatty acids in strain NC2-42T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373748 7 57 theme strain 835:840 arg1 NC2-42T 842:848 strain NC2-42T 835:848 strain NC2-42T 835:848 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain NC2-42T was 58.11 mol% (HPLC). 27373748 9 58 theme gen. 1270:1273 arg1 sp 1281:1282 sp 1281:1282 sp 1281:1282 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov., sp. 27373748 9 58 theme gen. 1270:1273 arg1 nov. 1275:1278 the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov. 1238:1278 the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov. 1238:1278 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov., sp. 27373748 5 59 theme unknown 659:665 arg1 glycolipids 667:677 two unknown glycolipids 655:677 two unknown glycolipids 655:677 The polar lipid profile of this novel isolate consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown phosphoaminolipid, two unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 27373748 6 60 theme major 705:709 arg1  0 768:769  0 768:769  0 768:769 The major cellular fatty acids in strain NC2-42T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373748 6 60 theme major 705:709 arg1 anteiso-C15  755:766 anteiso-C15  755:766 anteiso-C15  755:766 The major cellular fatty acids in strain NC2-42T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373748 6 60 theme major 705:709 arg1 acids 726:730 The major cellular fatty acids 701:730 The major cellular fatty acids in strain NC2-42T 701:748 The major cellular fatty acids in strain NC2-42T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 27373748 2 61 theme China 299:303 arg1 coast 282:286 the coast 278:286 the coast of Weihai, China 278:303 Novel Gram-stain-variable, bent rods or long filaments that were endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase- and catalase-negative, and designated strain NC2-42T, were isolated from sediment on the coast of Weihai, China. 27373748 7 62 theme genomic 820:826 arg1 DNA 828:830 the genomic DNA 816:830 the genomic DNA of strain NC2-42T 816:848 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain NC2-42T was 58.11 mol% (HPLC). 27373748 2 63 attach isolated 252:259 arg2 filaments 120:128 long filaments 115:128 long filaments 115:128 Novel Gram-stain-variable, bent rods or long filaments that were endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase- and catalase-negative, and designated strain NC2-42T, were isolated from sediment on the coast of Weihai, China. 27373748 2 63 attach isolated 252:259 arg2 NC2-42T 238:244 designated strain NC2-42T 220:244 designated strain NC2-42T 220:244 Novel Gram-stain-variable, bent rods or long filaments that were endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase- and catalase-negative, and designated strain NC2-42T, were isolated from sediment on the coast of Weihai, China. 27373748 2 63 attach isolated 252:259 arg1 sediment 266:273 sediment 266:273 sediment 266:273 Novel Gram-stain-variable, bent rods or long filaments that were endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase- and catalase-negative, and designated strain NC2-42T, were isolated from sediment on the coast of Weihai, China. 27373748 2 63 attach isolated 252:259 arg2 rods 107:110 Novel Gram-stain-variable, bent rods 75:110 Novel Gram-stain-variable, bent rods 75:110 Novel Gram-stain-variable, bent rods or long filaments that were endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase- and catalase-negative, and designated strain NC2-42T, were isolated from sediment on the coast of Weihai, China. 27373748 3 64 theme Optimal 306:312 arg1 growth 314:319 Optimal growth 306:319 Optimal growth 306:319 Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 7.5 and with 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. 27373748 7 65 theme DNA 828:830 arg1 content 805:811 The G+C content 797:811 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain NC2-42T 797:848 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain NC2-42T was 58.11 mol% (HPLC). 27373748 7 65 theme DNA 828:830 arg1 % 863:863 58.11 mol% 854:863 58.11 mol% (HPLC) 854:870 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain NC2-42T was 58.11 mol% (HPLC). 27373748 4 66 theme diagnostic 447:456 arg1 acid 436:439 meso-diaminopimelic acid 416:439 meso-diaminopimelic acid 416:439 MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was a diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27373748 4 66 theme diagnostic 447:456 arg1 acid 466:469 a diagnostic diamino acid 445:469 a diagnostic diamino acid 445:469 MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was a diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 27373748 9 67 from study 1094:1098 arg1 data 1069:1072 data 1069:1072 data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach 1069:1126 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov., sp. 27373748 9 68 theme name 1242:1245 arg1 sp 1281:1282 sp 1281:1282 sp 1281:1282 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov., sp. 27373748 9 68 theme name 1242:1245 arg1 nov. 1275:1278 the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov. 1238:1278 the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov. 1238:1278 Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the name Marinicrinis sediminis gen. nov., sp. 26911736 6 0 theme constitution 529:540 arg1 analysis 542:549 gene constitution analysis 524:549 gene constitution analysis 524:549 Protein homology, gene arrangement and gene constitution analysis indicated that bcsIII had high identity to the bcsI operon of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 7 1 theme flanking 760:767 arg1 sequences 769:777 the flanking sequences 756:777 the flanking sequences 756:777 638; however, its arrangement and composition were same as those of BC synthesizing operon of G. xylinum ATCC53582 except for the flanking sequences. 26911736 9 2 from genes 1165:1169 arg1 gluconeogenesis 1200:1214 gluconeogenesis 1200:1214 gluconeogenesis 1200:1214 Comparative transcriptome and metabolite quantitative analysis demonstrated that under anaerobic conditions genes involved in the TCA cycle were downregulated, however, genes in the nitrate reduction and gluconeogenesis pathways were upregulated, especially, genes in three pyruvate metabolism pathways. 26911736 9 2 from genes 1165:1169 arg1 reduction 1186:1194 the nitrate reduction 1174:1194 the nitrate reduction 1174:1194 Comparative transcriptome and metabolite quantitative analysis demonstrated that under anaerobic conditions genes involved in the TCA cycle were downregulated, however, genes in the nitrate reduction and gluconeogenesis pathways were upregulated, especially, genes in three pyruvate metabolism pathways. 26911736 4 3 theme synthesis 207:215 arg1 clusters 222:229 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters 188:229 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 188:274 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 4 3 theme synthesis 207:215 arg1 bcsIII 248:253 bcsIII 248:253 bcsIII 248:253 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 4 3 theme synthesis 207:215 arg1 bcsII 238:242 bcsII 238:242 bcsII 238:242 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 4 3 theme synthesis 207:215 arg1 bcsI 232:235 bcsI 232:235 bcsI 232:235 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 7 4 theme BC 698:699 arg1 operon 714:719 BC synthesizing operon 698:719 BC synthesizing operon of G. xylinum ATCC53582 698:743 638; however, its arrangement and composition were same as those of BC synthesizing operon of G. xylinum ATCC53582 except for the flanking sequences. 26911736 6 5 theme gene 524:527 arg1 analysis 542:549 gene constitution analysis 524:549 gene constitution analysis 524:549 Protein homology, gene arrangement and gene constitution analysis indicated that bcsIII had high identity to the bcsI operon of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 3 6 theme anaerobic 166:174 arg1 conditions 176:185 aerobic and anaerobic conditions 154:185 aerobic and anaerobic conditions 154:185 FY-07 can produce bacterial cellulose (BC) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. 26911736 9 7 theme quantitative 1037:1048 arg1 analysis 1050:1057 Comparative transcriptome and metabolite quantitative analysis 996:1057 analysis 1050:1057 Comparative transcriptome and metabolite quantitative analysis demonstrated that under anaerobic conditions genes involved in the TCA cycle were downregulated, however, genes in the nitrate reduction and gluconeogenesis pathways were upregulated, especially, genes in three pyruvate metabolism pathways. 26911736 7 8 theme synthesizing 701:712 arg1 operon 714:719 BC synthesizing operon 698:719 BC synthesizing operon of G. xylinum ATCC53582 698:743 638; however, its arrangement and composition were same as those of BC synthesizing operon of G. xylinum ATCC53582 except for the flanking sequences. 26911736 4 9 dep clusters 222:229 arg1 clusters 222:229 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters 188:229 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 188:274 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 4 9 dep clusters 222:229 arg1 bcsIII 248:253 bcsIII 248:253 bcsIII 248:253 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 4 9 dep clusters 222:229 arg1 bcsII 238:242 bcsII 238:242 bcsII 238:242 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 4 9 dep clusters 222:229 arg1 bcsI 232:235 bcsI 232:235 bcsI 232:235 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 8 10 theme BC 877:878 arg1 synthesis 880:888 BC synthesis 877:888 BC synthesis 877:888 According to the BC biosynthesizing process, oxygen is not directly involved in the reactions of BC synthesis, however, energy is required to activate intermediate metabolites and synthesize the activator, c-di-GMP. 26911736 9 11 theme TCA 1126:1128 arg1 cycle 1130:1134 the TCA cycle 1122:1134 the TCA cycle 1122:1134 Comparative transcriptome and metabolite quantitative analysis demonstrated that under anaerobic conditions genes involved in the TCA cycle were downregulated, however, genes in the nitrate reduction and gluconeogenesis pathways were upregulated, especially, genes in three pyruvate metabolism pathways. 26911736 3 12 theme aerobic 154:160 arg1 conditions 176:185 aerobic and anaerobic conditions 154:185 aerobic and anaerobic conditions 154:185 FY-07 can produce bacterial cellulose (BC) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. 26911736 5 13 theme functional 450:459 arg1 methods 476:482 gene knockout and functional reconstitution methods 432:482 gene knockout and functional reconstitution methods 432:482 FY-07 have been predicted using genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis, in which bcsIII was confirmed as the main contributor to BC synthesis by gene knockout and functional reconstitution methods. 26911736 11 14 theme biosynthesis 1442:1453 arg1 requirement 1424:1434 the requirement 1420:1434 the requirement of BC biosynthesis 1420:1453 FY-07 could produce energy efficiently under anaerobic conditions to meet the requirement of BC biosynthesis. 26911736 6 15 theme gene 503:506 arg1 arrangement 508:518 gene arrangement 503:518 gene arrangement 503:518 Protein homology, gene arrangement and gene constitution analysis indicated that bcsIII had high identity to the bcsI operon of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 5 16 theme main 396:399 arg1 contributor 401:411 the main contributor 392:411 the main contributor to BC synthesis 392:427 FY-07 have been predicted using genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis, in which bcsIII was confirmed as the main contributor to BC synthesis by gene knockout and functional reconstitution methods. 26911736 5 16 theme main 396:399 arg1 bcsIII 368:373 bcsIII 368:373 bcsIII 368:373 FY-07 have been predicted using genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis, in which bcsIII was confirmed as the main contributor to BC synthesis by gene knockout and functional reconstitution methods. 26911736 4 17 theme sp 272:273 arg1 clusters 222:229 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters 188:229 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 188:274 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 4 17 theme sp 272:273 arg1 bcsIII 248:253 bcsIII 248:253 bcsIII 248:253 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 4 17 theme sp 272:273 arg1 bcsII 238:242 bcsII 238:242 bcsII 238:242 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 4 17 theme sp 272:273 arg1 bcsI 232:235 bcsI 232:235 bcsI 232:235 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 6 18 theme high 577:580 arg1 identity 582:589 high identity 577:589 high identity to the bcsI operon of Enterobacter sp 577:627 Protein homology, gene arrangement and gene constitution analysis indicated that bcsIII had high identity to the bcsI operon of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 11 19 theme BC 1439:1440 arg1 biosynthesis 1442:1453 BC biosynthesis 1439:1453 BC biosynthesis 1439:1453 FY-07 could produce energy efficiently under anaerobic conditions to meet the requirement of BC biosynthesis. 26911736 0 20 theme cellulose 10:18 arg1 mechanism 30:38 Bacterial cellulose synthesis mechanism 0:38 Bacterial cellulose synthesis mechanism of facultative anaerobe Enterobacter sp. 0:79 Bacterial cellulose synthesis mechanism of facultative anaerobe Enterobacter sp. 26911736 9 21 from genes 1255:1259 arg1 pathways 1290:1297 three pyruvate metabolism pathways 1264:1297 three pyruvate metabolism pathways 1264:1297 Comparative transcriptome and metabolite quantitative analysis demonstrated that under anaerobic conditions genes involved in the TCA cycle were downregulated, however, genes in the nitrate reduction and gluconeogenesis pathways were upregulated, especially, genes in three pyruvate metabolism pathways. 26911736 9 22 theme anaerobic 1083:1091 arg1 conditions 1093:1102 anaerobic conditions 1083:1102 anaerobic conditions 1083:1102 Comparative transcriptome and metabolite quantitative analysis demonstrated that under anaerobic conditions genes involved in the TCA cycle were downregulated, however, genes in the nitrate reduction and gluconeogenesis pathways were upregulated, especially, genes in three pyruvate metabolism pathways. 26911736 6 23 theme Enterobacter 613:624 arg1 sp 626:627 Enterobacter sp 613:627 Enterobacter sp 613:627 Protein homology, gene arrangement and gene constitution analysis indicated that bcsIII had high identity to the bcsI operon of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 0 24 theme Bacterial 0:8 arg1 mechanism 30:38 Bacterial cellulose synthesis mechanism 0:38 Bacterial cellulose synthesis mechanism of facultative anaerobe Enterobacter sp. 0:79 Bacterial cellulose synthesis mechanism of facultative anaerobe Enterobacter sp. 26911736 5 25 theme knockout 437:444 arg1 methods 476:482 gene knockout and functional reconstitution methods 432:482 gene knockout and functional reconstitution methods 432:482 FY-07 have been predicted using genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis, in which bcsIII was confirmed as the main contributor to BC synthesis by gene knockout and functional reconstitution methods. 26911736 4 26 theme BC 204:205 arg1 clusters 222:229 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters 188:229 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 188:274 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 4 26 theme BC 204:205 arg1 bcsIII 248:253 bcsIII 248:253 bcsIII 248:253 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 4 26 theme BC 204:205 arg1 bcsII 238:242 bcsII 238:242 bcsII 238:242 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 4 26 theme BC 204:205 arg1 bcsI 232:235 bcsI 232:235 bcsI 232:235 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 7 27 dep 638 630:632 arg1 same 681:684 same 681:684 same 681:684 638; however, its arrangement and composition were same as those of BC synthesizing operon of G. xylinum ATCC53582 except for the flanking sequences. 26911736 9 28 theme nitrate 1178:1184 arg1 reduction 1186:1194 the nitrate reduction 1174:1194 the nitrate reduction 1174:1194 Comparative transcriptome and metabolite quantitative analysis demonstrated that under anaerobic conditions genes involved in the TCA cycle were downregulated, however, genes in the nitrate reduction and gluconeogenesis pathways were upregulated, especially, genes in three pyruvate metabolism pathways. 26911736 8 29 theme intermediate 931:942 arg1 metabolites 944:954 intermediate metabolites 931:954 intermediate metabolites 931:954 According to the BC biosynthesizing process, oxygen is not directly involved in the reactions of BC synthesis, however, energy is required to activate intermediate metabolites and synthesize the activator, c-di-GMP. 26911736 4 30 theme potential 194:202 arg1 clusters 222:229 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters 188:229 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 188:274 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 4 30 theme potential 194:202 arg1 bcsIII 248:253 bcsIII 248:253 bcsIII 248:253 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 4 30 theme potential 194:202 arg1 bcsII 238:242 bcsII 238:242 bcsII 238:242 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 4 30 theme potential 194:202 arg1 bcsI 232:235 bcsI 232:235 bcsI 232:235 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 5 31 theme comparative 330:340 arg1 analysis 349:356 comparative genome analysis 330:356 comparative genome analysis 330:356 FY-07 have been predicted using genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis, in which bcsIII was confirmed as the main contributor to BC synthesis by gene knockout and functional reconstitution methods. 26911736 6 32 theme Protein 485:491 arg1 homology 493:500 Protein homology 485:500 Protein homology 485:500 Protein homology, gene arrangement and gene constitution analysis indicated that bcsIII had high identity to the bcsI operon of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 4 33 theme Enterobacter 259:270 arg1 sp 272:273 Enterobacter sp 259:273 Enterobacter sp 259:273 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 0 34 theme facultative 43:53 arg1 sp 77:78 facultative anaerobe Enterobacter sp 43:78 facultative anaerobe Enterobacter sp 43:78 Bacterial cellulose synthesis mechanism of facultative anaerobe Enterobacter sp. 26911736 5 35 theme genome 342:347 arg1 analysis 349:356 comparative genome analysis 330:356 comparative genome analysis 330:356 FY-07 have been predicted using genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis, in which bcsIII was confirmed as the main contributor to BC synthesis by gene knockout and functional reconstitution methods. 26911736 9 36 dep reduction 1186:1194 arg1 pathways 1216:1223 pathways 1216:1223 pathways 1216:1223 Comparative transcriptome and metabolite quantitative analysis demonstrated that under anaerobic conditions genes involved in the TCA cycle were downregulated, however, genes in the nitrate reduction and gluconeogenesis pathways were upregulated, especially, genes in three pyruvate metabolism pathways. 26911736 5 37 theme reconstitution 461:474 arg1 methods 476:482 gene knockout and functional reconstitution methods 432:482 gene knockout and functional reconstitution methods 432:482 FY-07 have been predicted using genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis, in which bcsIII was confirmed as the main contributor to BC synthesis by gene knockout and functional reconstitution methods. 26911736 3 38 theme bacterial 123:131 arg1 BC 144:145 BC 144:145 BC 144:145 FY-07 can produce bacterial cellulose (BC) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. 26911736 3 38 theme bacterial 123:131 arg1 cellulose 133:141 bacterial cellulose 123:141 bacterial cellulose (BC) 123:146 FY-07 can produce bacterial cellulose (BC) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. 26911736 5 39 theme genome 308:313 arg1 sequencing 315:324 genome sequencing 308:324 genome sequencing 308:324 FY-07 have been predicted using genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis, in which bcsIII was confirmed as the main contributor to BC synthesis by gene knockout and functional reconstitution methods. 26911736 0 40 theme Enterobacter 64:75 arg1 sp 77:78 facultative anaerobe Enterobacter sp 43:78 facultative anaerobe Enterobacter sp 43:78 Bacterial cellulose synthesis mechanism of facultative anaerobe Enterobacter sp. 26911736 8 41 theme synthesis 880:888 arg1 reactions 864:872 the reactions 860:872 the reactions of BC synthesis 860:888 According to the BC biosynthesizing process, oxygen is not directly involved in the reactions of BC synthesis, however, energy is required to activate intermediate metabolites and synthesize the activator, c-di-GMP. 26911736 0 42 theme anaerobe 55:62 arg1 sp 77:78 facultative anaerobe Enterobacter sp 43:78 facultative anaerobe Enterobacter sp 43:78 Bacterial cellulose synthesis mechanism of facultative anaerobe Enterobacter sp. 26911736 9 43 theme metabolism 1279:1288 arg1 pathways 1290:1297 three pyruvate metabolism pathways 1264:1297 three pyruvate metabolism pathways 1264:1297 Comparative transcriptome and metabolite quantitative analysis demonstrated that under anaerobic conditions genes involved in the TCA cycle were downregulated, however, genes in the nitrate reduction and gluconeogenesis pathways were upregulated, especially, genes in three pyruvate metabolism pathways. 26911736 9 44 theme Comparative 996:1006 arg1 transcriptome 1008:1020 Comparative transcriptome and metabolite quantitative analysis 996:1057 transcriptome 1008:1020 Comparative transcriptome and metabolite quantitative analysis demonstrated that under anaerobic conditions genes involved in the TCA cycle were downregulated, however, genes in the nitrate reduction and gluconeogenesis pathways were upregulated, especially, genes in three pyruvate metabolism pathways. 26911736 5 45 theme BC 416:417 arg1 synthesis 419:427 BC synthesis 416:427 BC synthesis 416:427 FY-07 have been predicted using genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis, in which bcsIII was confirmed as the main contributor to BC synthesis by gene knockout and functional reconstitution methods. 26911736 2 46 theme Enterobacter 88:99 arg1 sp 101:102 Enterobacter sp 88:102 Enterobacter sp. 88:103 Enterobacter sp. 26911736 10 47 theme Enterobacter 1329:1340 arg1 sp 1342:1343 Enterobacter sp 1329:1343 Enterobacter sp 1329:1343 These results suggested that Enterobacter sp. 26911736 11 48 theme anaerobic 1391:1399 arg1 conditions 1401:1410 anaerobic conditions 1391:1410 anaerobic conditions 1391:1410 FY-07 could produce energy efficiently under anaerobic conditions to meet the requirement of BC biosynthesis. 26911736 10 49 dep suggested 1314:1322 arg1 sp 1342:1343 Enterobacter sp 1329:1343 Enterobacter sp 1329:1343 These results suggested that Enterobacter sp. 26911736 8 50 theme biosynthesizing 800:814 arg1 process 816:822 the BC biosynthesizing process 793:822 the BC biosynthesizing process 793:822 According to the BC biosynthesizing process, oxygen is not directly involved in the reactions of BC synthesis, however, energy is required to activate intermediate metabolites and synthesize the activator, c-di-GMP. 26911736 7 51 theme xylinum 727:733 arg1 operon 714:719 BC synthesizing operon 698:719 BC synthesizing operon of G. xylinum ATCC53582 698:743 638; however, its arrangement and composition were same as those of BC synthesizing operon of G. xylinum ATCC53582 except for the flanking sequences. 26911736 6 52 theme sp 626:627 arg1 operon 603:608 the bcsI operon 594:608 the bcsI operon of Enterobacter sp 594:627 Protein homology, gene arrangement and gene constitution analysis indicated that bcsIII had high identity to the bcsI operon of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 8 53 theme BC 797:798 arg1 process 816:822 the BC biosynthesizing process 793:822 the BC biosynthesizing process 793:822 According to the BC biosynthesizing process, oxygen is not directly involved in the reactions of BC synthesis, however, energy is required to activate intermediate metabolites and synthesize the activator, c-di-GMP. 26911736 9 54 theme metabolite 1026:1035 arg1 analysis 1050:1057 Comparative transcriptome and metabolite quantitative analysis 996:1057 analysis 1050:1057 Comparative transcriptome and metabolite quantitative analysis demonstrated that under anaerobic conditions genes involved in the TCA cycle were downregulated, however, genes in the nitrate reduction and gluconeogenesis pathways were upregulated, especially, genes in three pyruvate metabolism pathways. 26911736 0 55 theme sp 77:78 arg1 mechanism 30:38 Bacterial cellulose synthesis mechanism 0:38 Bacterial cellulose synthesis mechanism of facultative anaerobe Enterobacter sp. 0:79 Bacterial cellulose synthesis mechanism of facultative anaerobe Enterobacter sp. 26911736 9 56 theme pyruvate 1270:1277 arg1 pathways 1290:1297 three pyruvate metabolism pathways 1264:1297 three pyruvate metabolism pathways 1264:1297 Comparative transcriptome and metabolite quantitative analysis demonstrated that under anaerobic conditions genes involved in the TCA cycle were downregulated, however, genes in the nitrate reduction and gluconeogenesis pathways were upregulated, especially, genes in three pyruvate metabolism pathways. 26911736 0 57 theme synthesis 20:28 arg1 mechanism 30:38 Bacterial cellulose synthesis mechanism 0:38 Bacterial cellulose synthesis mechanism of facultative anaerobe Enterobacter sp. 0:79 Bacterial cellulose synthesis mechanism of facultative anaerobe Enterobacter sp. 26911736 6 58 contain had 573:575 arg1 bcsIII 566:571 bcsIII 566:571 bcsIII 566:571 Protein homology, gene arrangement and gene constitution analysis indicated that bcsIII had high identity to the bcsI operon of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 6 58 contain had 573:575 arg2 identity 582:589 high identity 577:589 high identity to the bcsI operon of Enterobacter sp 577:627 Protein homology, gene arrangement and gene constitution analysis indicated that bcsIII had high identity to the bcsI operon of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 6 59 theme bcsI 598:601 arg1 operon 603:608 the bcsI operon 594:608 the bcsI operon of Enterobacter sp 594:627 Protein homology, gene arrangement and gene constitution analysis indicated that bcsIII had high identity to the bcsI operon of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 4 60 theme gene 217:220 arg1 clusters 222:229 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters 188:229 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 188:274 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 4 60 theme gene 217:220 arg1 bcsIII 248:253 bcsIII 248:253 bcsIII 248:253 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 4 60 theme gene 217:220 arg1 bcsII 238:242 bcsII 238:242 bcsII 238:242 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26911736 4 60 theme gene 217:220 arg1 bcsI 232:235 bcsI 232:235 bcsI 232:235 Three potential BC synthesis gene clusters (bcsI, bcsII and bcsIII) of Enterobacter sp. 26493172 9 0 theme DNA-DNA 865:871 arg1 values 885:890 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values 857:890 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties 857:1002 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain D33T as representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp. 26493172 2 1 dep Gram-stain-positive 61:79 arg1 motile 113:118 motile 113:118 motile 113:118 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, motile bacterium, designated D33T, was isolated from a forest soil sample. 26493172 2 1 dep Gram-stain-positive 61:79 arg1 endospore-forming 94:110 endospore-forming 94:110 endospore-forming 94:110 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, motile bacterium, designated D33T, was isolated from a forest soil sample. 26493172 2 1 dep Gram-stain-positive 61:79 arg1 rod-shaped 82:91 rod-shaped 82:91 rod-shaped 82:91 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, motile bacterium, designated D33T, was isolated from a forest soil sample. 26493172 11 2 theme 100035T = CCTCC 1222:1236 arg1 D33T 1195:1198 D33T 1195:1198 D33T ( = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T) 1195:1249 The type strain is D33T ( = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T). 26493172 11 2 theme 100035T = CCTCC 1222:1236 arg1 2015273T 1241:1248  = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T 1201:1248  = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T 1201:1248 The type strain is D33T ( = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T). 26493172 4 3 theme 16S 263:265 arg1 rRNA 267:270 The 16S rRNA 259:270 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate 259:299 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Paenibacillus. 26493172 6 4 theme cellular 558:565 arg1 anteiso-C15  582:593 anteiso-C15  582:593 anteiso-C15  582:593 The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0, and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the only respiratory quinone. 26493172 6 4 theme cellular 558:565 arg1 acid 573:576 The major cellular fatty acid 548:576 The major cellular fatty acid 548:576 The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0, and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the only respiratory quinone. 26493172 3 5 dep % 245:245 arg1 w/v 248:250 w/v 248:250 w/v 248:250 The strain grew optimally at 30-37 °C, pH 8.0 and with 1 % (w/v) NaCl. 26493172 11 6 theme AB 1238:1239 arg1 D33T 1195:1198 D33T 1195:1198 D33T ( = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T) 1195:1249 The type strain is D33T ( = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T). 26493172 11 6 theme AB 1238:1239 arg1 2015273T 1241:1248  = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T 1201:1248  = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T 1201:1248 The type strain is D33T ( = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T). 26493172 11 7 theme 18491T = DSM 1209:1220 arg1 D33T 1195:1198 D33T 1195:1198 D33T ( = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T) 1195:1249 The type strain is D33T ( = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T). 26493172 11 7 theme 18491T = DSM 1209:1220 arg1 2015273T 1241:1248  = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T 1201:1248  = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T 1201:1248 The type strain is D33T ( = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T). 26493172 6 8 theme major 552:556 arg1 anteiso-C15  582:593 anteiso-C15  582:593 anteiso-C15  582:593 The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0, and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the only respiratory quinone. 26493172 6 8 theme major 552:556 arg1 acid 573:576 The major cellular fatty acid 548:576 The major cellular fatty acid 548:576 The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0, and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the only respiratory quinone. 26493172 11 9 theme  = KACC 1201:1207 arg1 D33T 1195:1198 D33T 1195:1198 D33T ( = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T) 1195:1249 The type strain is D33T ( = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T). 26493172 11 9 theme  = KACC 1201:1207 arg1 2015273T 1241:1248  = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T 1201:1248  = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T 1201:1248 The type strain is D33T ( = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T). 26493172 5 10 theme whole-cell 529:538 arg1 galactose 512:520 galactose 512:520 galactose 512:520 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 10 theme whole-cell 529:538 arg1 amounts 489:495 lower amounts 483:495 lower amounts of glucose and galactose 483:520 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 10 theme whole-cell 529:538 arg1 sugars 540:545 the whole-cell sugars 525:545 the whole-cell sugars 525:545 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 10 theme whole-cell 529:538 arg1 glucose 500:506 glucose 500:506 glucose 500:506 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 10 theme whole-cell 529:538 arg1 ribose 472:477 ribose 472:477 ribose 472:477 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 10 theme whole-cell 529:538 arg1 acid 431:434 meso-diaminopimelic acid 411:434 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 411:465 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 1 11 theme forest 46:51 arg1 soil 53:56 forest soil 46:56 forest soil 46:56 nov., isolated from forest soil. 26493172 5 12 theme lower 483:487 arg1 galactose 512:520 galactose 512:520 galactose 512:520 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 12 theme lower 483:487 arg1 amounts 489:495 lower amounts 483:495 lower amounts of glucose and galactose 483:520 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 12 theme lower 483:487 arg1 sugars 540:545 the whole-cell sugars 525:545 the whole-cell sugars 525:545 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 12 theme lower 483:487 arg1 glucose 500:506 glucose 500:506 glucose 500:506 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 12 theme lower 483:487 arg1 ribose 472:477 ribose 472:477 ribose 472:477 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 12 theme lower 483:487 arg1 acid 431:434 meso-diaminopimelic acid 411:434 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 411:465 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 9 13 theme Paenibacillus 1132:1144 arg1 sp 1154:1155 the name Paenibacillus terreus sp 1123:1155 the name Paenibacillus terreus sp 1123:1155 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain D33T as representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp. 26493172 8 14 theme DNA 826:828 arg1 content 834:840 The DNA G+C content 822:840 The DNA G+C content 822:840 The DNA G+C content was 51.1 mol%. 26493172 8 14 theme DNA 826:828 arg1 % 854:854 51.1 mol% 846:854 51.1 mol% 846:854 The DNA G+C content was 51.1 mol%. 26493172 7 15 theme unknown 807:813 arg1 lipid 815:819 an unknown lipid 804:819 an unknown lipid 804:819 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, two glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 26493172 9 16 theme strain 900:905 arg1 D33T 907:910 strain D33T 900:910 strain D33T 900:910 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain D33T as representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp. 26493172 9 17 theme terreus 1146:1152 arg1 sp 1154:1155 the name Paenibacillus terreus sp 1123:1155 the name Paenibacillus terreus sp 1123:1155 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain D33T as representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp. 26493172 9 18 theme strain 1036:1041 arg1 D33T 1043:1046 strain D33T 1036:1046 strain D33T 1036:1046 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain D33T as representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp. 26493172 5 19 theme glucose 500:506 arg1 galactose 512:520 galactose 512:520 galactose 512:520 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 19 theme glucose 500:506 arg1 amounts 489:495 lower amounts 483:495 lower amounts of glucose and galactose 483:520 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 19 theme glucose 500:506 arg1 sugars 540:545 the whole-cell sugars 525:545 the whole-cell sugars 525:545 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 19 theme glucose 500:506 arg1 glucose 500:506 glucose 500:506 glucose 500:506 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 19 theme glucose 500:506 arg1 ribose 472:477 ribose 472:477 ribose 472:477 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 19 theme glucose 500:506 arg1 acid 431:434 meso-diaminopimelic acid 411:434 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 411:465 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 9 20 theme recognized 916:925 arg1 species 927:933 recognized species 916:933 recognized species 916:933 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain D33T as representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp. 26493172 8 21 theme G+C 830:832 arg1 content 834:840 The DNA G+C content 822:840 The DNA G+C content 822:840 The DNA G+C content was 51.1 mol%. 26493172 8 21 theme G+C 830:832 arg1 % 854:854 51.1 mol% 846:854 51.1 mol% 846:854 The DNA G+C content was 51.1 mol%. 26493172 5 22 from ribose 472:477 arg1 peptidoglycan 453:465 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 439:465 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 439:465 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 0 23 theme terreus 14:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Paenibacillus terreus sp 0:23 Paenibacillus terreus sp. 0:24 Paenibacillus terreus sp. 26493172 9 24 theme relatedness 873:883 arg1 values 885:890 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values 857:890 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties 857:1002 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain D33T as representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp. 26493172 4 25 theme isolate 293:299 arg1 sequence 277:284 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 259:284 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate 259:299 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Paenibacillus. 26493172 5 26 theme cell-wall 443:451 arg1 peptidoglycan 453:465 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 439:465 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 439:465 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 0 27 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 22:23 Paenibacillus terreus sp 0:23 Paenibacillus terreus sp. 0:24 Paenibacillus terreus sp. 26493172 4 28 theme lower 321:325 arg1 similarities 308:319 similarities 308:319 similarities lower than 97 % 308:335 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Paenibacillus. 26493172 5 29 contain contained 401:409 arg2 sugars 540:545 the whole-cell sugars 525:545 the whole-cell sugars 525:545 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 29 contain contained 401:409 arg2 ribose 472:477 ribose 472:477 ribose 472:477 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 29 contain contained 401:409 arg1 D33T 396:399 Strain D33T 389:399 Strain D33T 389:399 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 29 contain contained 401:409 arg2 acid 431:434 meso-diaminopimelic acid 411:434 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 411:465 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 29 contain contained 401:409 arg2 glucose 500:506 glucose 500:506 glucose 500:506 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 29 contain contained 401:409 arg2 galactose 512:520 galactose 512:520 galactose 512:520 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 29 contain contained 401:409 arg2 amounts 489:495 lower amounts 483:495 lower amounts of glucose and galactose 483:520 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 30 theme Strain 389:394 arg1 D33T 396:399 Strain D33T 389:399 Strain D33T 389:399 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 31 theme galactose 512:520 arg1 galactose 512:520 galactose 512:520 galactose 512:520 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 31 theme galactose 512:520 arg1 amounts 489:495 lower amounts 483:495 lower amounts of glucose and galactose 483:520 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 31 theme galactose 512:520 arg1 sugars 540:545 the whole-cell sugars 525:545 the whole-cell sugars 525:545 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 31 theme galactose 512:520 arg1 glucose 500:506 glucose 500:506 glucose 500:506 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 31 theme galactose 512:520 arg1 ribose 472:477 ribose 472:477 ribose 472:477 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 31 theme galactose 512:520 arg1 acid 431:434 meso-diaminopimelic acid 411:434 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 411:465 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 3 32 theme 1  243:244 arg1 % 245:245 % 245:245 % 245:245 The strain grew optimally at 30-37 °C, pH 8.0 and with 1 % (w/v) NaCl. 26493172 5 33 from amounts 489:495 arg1 peptidoglycan 453:465 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 439:465 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 439:465 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 3 34 theme % 245:245 arg1 NaCl 253:256 1 % (w/v) NaCl 243:256 1 % (w/v) NaCl 243:256 The strain grew optimally at 30-37 °C, pH 8.0 and with 1 % (w/v) NaCl. 26493172 4 35 theme genus 368:372 arg1 species 353:359 species 353:359 species of the genus Paenibacillus 353:386 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Paenibacillus. 26493172 9 36 theme novel 1071:1075 arg1 species 1077:1083 a novel species 1069:1083 a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp 1069:1155 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain D33T as representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp. 26493172 8 37 theme 51.1 mol 846:853 arg1 content 834:840 The DNA G+C content 822:840 The DNA G+C content 822:840 The DNA G+C content was 51.1 mol%. 26493172 8 37 theme 51.1 mol 846:853 arg1 % 854:854 51.1 mol% 846:854 51.1 mol% 846:854 The DNA G+C content was 51.1 mol%. 26493172 5 38 theme meso-diaminopimelic 411:429 arg1 galactose 512:520 galactose 512:520 galactose 512:520 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 38 theme meso-diaminopimelic 411:429 arg1 amounts 489:495 lower amounts 483:495 lower amounts of glucose and galactose 483:520 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 38 theme meso-diaminopimelic 411:429 arg1 sugars 540:545 the whole-cell sugars 525:545 the whole-cell sugars 525:545 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 38 theme meso-diaminopimelic 411:429 arg1 glucose 500:506 glucose 500:506 glucose 500:506 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 38 theme meso-diaminopimelic 411:429 arg1 ribose 472:477 ribose 472:477 ribose 472:477 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 5 38 theme meso-diaminopimelic 411:429 arg1 acid 431:434 meso-diaminopimelic acid 411:434 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 411:465 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 9 39 theme genus 942:946 arg1 species 927:933 recognized species 916:933 recognized species 916:933 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain D33T as representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp. 26493172 9 39 theme genus 942:946 arg1 D33T 907:910 strain D33T 900:910 strain D33T 900:910 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain D33T as representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp. 26493172 9 40 theme species 1077:1083 arg1 representative 1051:1064 representative 1051:1064 representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp 1051:1155 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain D33T as representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp. 26493172 2 41 attach isolated 152:159 arg1 sample 180:185 a forest soil sample 166:185 a forest soil sample 166:185 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, motile bacterium, designated D33T, was isolated from a forest soil sample. 26493172 2 41 attach isolated 152:159 arg2 bacterium 120:128 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, motile bacterium 59:128 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, motile bacterium 59:128 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, motile bacterium, designated D33T, was isolated from a forest soil sample. 26493172 9 42 theme Paenibacillus 948:960 arg1 genus 942:946 the genus Paenibacillus 938:960 the genus Paenibacillus 938:960 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain D33T as representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp. 26493172 4 43 theme Paenibacillus 374:386 arg1 genus 368:372 the genus Paenibacillus 364:386 the genus Paenibacillus 364:386 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Paenibacillus. 26493172 4 44 theme gene 272:275 arg1 sequence 277:284 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 259:284 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate 259:299 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Paenibacillus. 26493172 11 45 theme type 1180:1183 arg1 D33T 1195:1198 D33T 1195:1198 D33T ( = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T) 1195:1249 The type strain is D33T ( = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T). 26493172 11 45 theme type 1180:1183 arg1 strain 1185:1190 The type strain 1176:1190 The type strain 1176:1190 The type strain is D33T ( = KACC 18491T = DSM 100035T = CCTCC AB 2015273T). 26493172 2 46 theme Gram-stain-positive 61:79 arg1 bacterium 120:128 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, motile bacterium 59:128 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, motile bacterium 59:128 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, motile bacterium, designated D33T, was isolated from a forest soil sample. 26493172 9 47 theme name 1127:1130 arg1 sp 1154:1155 the name Paenibacillus terreus sp 1123:1155 the name Paenibacillus terreus sp 1123:1155 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain D33T as representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp. 26493172 6 48 theme only 632:635 arg1  0 595:596  0 595:596  0 595:596 The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0, and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the only respiratory quinone. 26493172 6 48 theme only 632:635 arg1 quinone 649:655 the only respiratory quinone 628:655 the only respiratory quinone 628:655 The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0, and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the only respiratory quinone. 26493172 6 48 theme only 632:635 arg1 menaquinone-7 603:615 menaquinone-7 603:615 menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 603:622 The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0, and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the only respiratory quinone. 26493172 7 49 theme polar 662:666 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 680:701 diphosphatidylglycerol 680:701 diphosphatidylglycerol 680:701 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, two glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 26493172 7 49 theme polar 662:666 arg1 lipids 668:673 The polar lipids 658:673 The polar lipids 658:673 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, two glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 26493172 9 50 theme genus 1092:1096 arg1 species 1077:1083 a novel species 1069:1083 a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp 1069:1155 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain D33T as representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp. 26493172 2 51 theme soil 175:178 arg1 sample 180:185 a forest soil sample 166:185 a forest soil sample 166:185 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, motile bacterium, designated D33T, was isolated from a forest soil sample. 26493172 9 52 theme Paenibacillus 1098:1110 arg1 genus 1092:1096 the genus Paenibacillus 1088:1110 the genus Paenibacillus 1088:1110 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain D33T as representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp. 26493172 9 53 theme many 977:980 arg1 properties 993:1002 many phenotypic properties 977:1002 many phenotypic properties 977:1002 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain D33T as representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp. 26493172 9 54 theme D33T 1043:1046 arg1 classification 1018:1031 the classification 1014:1031 the classification of strain D33T as representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp 1014:1155 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain D33T as representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp. 26493172 2 55 theme forest 168:173 arg1 sample 180:185 a forest soil sample 166:185 a forest soil sample 166:185 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, motile bacterium, designated D33T, was isolated from a forest soil sample. 26493172 5 56 from acid 431:434 arg1 peptidoglycan 453:465 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 439:465 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 439:465 Strain D33T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and ribose and lower amounts of glucose and galactose as the whole-cell sugars. 26493172 6 57 theme respiratory 637:647 arg1  0 595:596  0 595:596  0 595:596 The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0, and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the only respiratory quinone. 26493172 6 57 theme respiratory 637:647 arg1 quinone 649:655 the only respiratory quinone 628:655 the only respiratory quinone 628:655 The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0, and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the only respiratory quinone. 26493172 6 57 theme respiratory 637:647 arg1 menaquinone-7 603:615 menaquinone-7 603:615 menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 603:622 The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0, and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the only respiratory quinone. 26493172 9 58 theme phenotypic 982:991 arg1 properties 993:1002 many phenotypic properties 977:1002 many phenotypic properties 977:1002 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain D33T as representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp. 26493172 9 59 theme low 861:863 arg1 values 885:890 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values 857:890 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties 857:1002 The low DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain D33T and recognized species of the genus Paenibacillus, together with many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain D33T as representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus terreus sp. 26493172 4 60 theme rRNA 267:270 arg1 sequence 277:284 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 259:284 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate 259:299 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Paenibacillus. 26493172 6 61 theme fatty 567:571 arg1 anteiso-C15  582:593 anteiso-C15  582:593 anteiso-C15  582:593 The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0, and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the only respiratory quinone. 26493172 6 61 theme fatty 567:571 arg1 acid 573:576 The major cellular fatty acid 548:576 The major cellular fatty acid 548:576 The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0, and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the only respiratory quinone. 26857207 0 0 theme high-speed 72:81 arg1 chromatography 98:111 high-speed countercurrent chromatography 72:111 high-speed countercurrent chromatography 72:111 Rapid separation of polysaccharides using a novel spiral coil column by high-speed countercurrent chromatography. 26857207 5 1 theme mobile 616:621 arg1 phase 623:627 The mobile phase 612:627 The mobile phase 612:627 The mobile phase was pumped from the inner terminal in a ''head-to-tail'' elution mode. 26857207 8 2 theme monosaccharide 1030:1043 arg1 composition 1045:1055 The monosaccharide composition 1026:1055 The monosaccharide composition 1026:1055 The monosaccharide composition consists of the molar ratio of glucose, galactose, and arabinose of 1.3:3.5:1. 26857207 4 3 theme rpm 571:573 arg1 temperature 536:546 temperature 536:546 temperature 536:546 Optimal performance was achieved at a column rotational speed, temperature, and flow rate of 1200 rpm, 45°C, and 3.0 mL/min, respectively. 26857207 4 3 theme rpm 571:573 arg1 speed 529:533 a column rotational speed 509:533 a column rotational speed 509:533 Optimal performance was achieved at a column rotational speed, temperature, and flow rate of 1200 rpm, 45°C, and 3.0 mL/min, respectively. 26857207 4 3 theme rpm 571:573 arg1 rate 558:561 flow rate 553:561 flow rate 553:561 Optimal performance was achieved at a column rotational speed, temperature, and flow rate of 1200 rpm, 45°C, and 3.0 mL/min, respectively. 26857207 4 4 theme rotational 518:527 arg1 speed 529:533 a column rotational speed 509:533 a column rotational speed 509:533 Optimal performance was achieved at a column rotational speed, temperature, and flow rate of 1200 rpm, 45°C, and 3.0 mL/min, respectively. 26857207 8 5 theme galactose 1097:1105 arg1 ratio 1079:1083 the molar ratio 1069:1083 the molar ratio of glucose, galactose, and arabinose of 1.3:3.5:1 1069:1133 The monosaccharide composition consists of the molar ratio of glucose, galactose, and arabinose of 1.3:3.5:1. 26857207 4 6 theme 1200 566:569 arg1 rpm 571:573 1200 rpm 566:573 1200 rpm 566:573 Optimal performance was achieved at a column rotational speed, temperature, and flow rate of 1200 rpm, 45°C, and 3.0 mL/min, respectively. 26857207 3 7 theme /KH2 382:385 arg1 system 391:396 an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system 355:396 an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system 355:396 The optimal composition of an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system was found to be 14:16:14 w/w/w where the lower phase was the mobile phase. 26857207 4 8 theme column 511:516 arg1 speed 529:533 a column rotational speed 509:533 a column rotational speed 509:533 Optimal performance was achieved at a column rotational speed, temperature, and flow rate of 1200 rpm, 45°C, and 3.0 mL/min, respectively. 26857207 6 9 theme high 760:763 arg1 purity 765:770 high purity 760:770 high purity 760:770 Polysaccharide LCP-1 (10.7 mg) was successfully obtained in high purity in one step from 50.0 mg of a crude polysaccharide extracted from the lychee fruit (Litchi chinensis) within 100 min. 26857207 4 10 theme 45°C 576:579 arg1 temperature 536:546 temperature 536:546 temperature 536:546 Optimal performance was achieved at a column rotational speed, temperature, and flow rate of 1200 rpm, 45°C, and 3.0 mL/min, respectively. 26857207 4 10 theme 45°C 576:579 arg1 speed 529:533 a column rotational speed 509:533 a column rotational speed 509:533 Optimal performance was achieved at a column rotational speed, temperature, and flow rate of 1200 rpm, 45°C, and 3.0 mL/min, respectively. 26857207 4 10 theme 45°C 576:579 arg1 rate 558:561 flow rate 553:561 flow rate 553:561 Optimal performance was achieved at a column rotational speed, temperature, and flow rate of 1200 rpm, 45°C, and 3.0 mL/min, respectively. 26857207 0 11 theme countercurrent 83:96 arg1 chromatography 98:111 high-speed countercurrent chromatography 72:111 high-speed countercurrent chromatography 72:111 Rapid separation of polysaccharides using a novel spiral coil column by high-speed countercurrent chromatography. 26857207 7 12 theme molecular 957:965 arg1 weight 967:972 weight-average molecular weight 942:972 weight-average molecular weight 942:972 LCP-1 possess a number-average molecular weight and weight-average molecular weight of 1.05 × 10(5) and 1.59 × 10(5) kDa, respectively. 26857207 3 13 theme PEG1000/K2 366:375 arg1 system 391:396 an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system 355:396 an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system 355:396 The optimal composition of an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system was found to be 14:16:14 w/w/w where the lower phase was the mobile phase. 26857207 4 14 theme Optimal 473:479 arg1 performance 481:491 Optimal performance 473:491 Optimal performance 473:491 Optimal performance was achieved at a column rotational speed, temperature, and flow rate of 1200 rpm, 45°C, and 3.0 mL/min, respectively. 26857207 7 15 theme × 999:999 arg1 weight 967:972 weight-average molecular weight 942:972 weight-average molecular weight 942:972 LCP-1 possess a number-average molecular weight and weight-average molecular weight of 1.05 × 10(5) and 1.59 × 10(5) kDa, respectively. 26857207 7 15 theme × 999:999 arg1 weight 931:936 a number-average molecular weight 904:936 a number-average molecular weight 904:936 LCP-1 possess a number-average molecular weight and weight-average molecular weight of 1.05 × 10(5) and 1.59 × 10(5) kDa, respectively. 26857207 2 16 theme rapid 291:295 arg1 separation 297:306 the rapid separation 287:306 the rapid separation of polysaccharides 287:325 We developed and optimized a type-J counter-current chromatography system with a novel tri-rotor spiral coil column for the rapid separation of polysaccharides. 26857207 8 17 theme arabinose 1112:1120 arg1 ratio 1079:1083 the molar ratio 1069:1083 the molar ratio of glucose, galactose, and arabinose of 1.3:3.5:1 1069:1133 The monosaccharide composition consists of the molar ratio of glucose, galactose, and arabinose of 1.3:3.5:1. 26857207 0 18 theme novel 44:48 arg1 column 62:67 a novel spiral coil column 42:67 a novel spiral coil column by high-speed countercurrent chromatography 42:111 Rapid separation of polysaccharides using a novel spiral coil column by high-speed countercurrent chromatography. 26857207 6 19 theme polysaccharide 808:821 arg1 mg 794:795 50.0 mg 789:795 50.0 mg of a crude polysaccharide extracted from the lychee fruit (Litchi chinensis) within 100 min 789:887 Polysaccharide LCP-1 (10.7 mg) was successfully obtained in high purity in one step from 50.0 mg of a crude polysaccharide extracted from the lychee fruit (Litchi chinensis) within 100 min. 26857207 6 20 from mg 794:795 arg1 step 779:782 one step 775:782 one step from 50.0 mg of a crude polysaccharide extracted from the lychee fruit (Litchi chinensis) within 100 min 775:887 Polysaccharide LCP-1 (10.7 mg) was successfully obtained in high purity in one step from 50.0 mg of a crude polysaccharide extracted from the lychee fruit (Litchi chinensis) within 100 min. 26857207 6 21 theme crude 802:806 arg1 polysaccharide 808:821 a crude polysaccharide 800:821 a crude polysaccharide extracted from the lychee fruit (Litchi chinensis) within 100 min 800:887 Polysaccharide LCP-1 (10.7 mg) was successfully obtained in high purity in one step from 50.0 mg of a crude polysaccharide extracted from the lychee fruit (Litchi chinensis) within 100 min. 26857207 7 22 theme × 982:982 arg1 weight 967:972 weight-average molecular weight 942:972 weight-average molecular weight 942:972 LCP-1 possess a number-average molecular weight and weight-average molecular weight of 1.05 × 10(5) and 1.59 × 10(5) kDa, respectively. 26857207 7 22 theme × 982:982 arg1 weight 931:936 a number-average molecular weight 904:936 a number-average molecular weight 904:936 LCP-1 possess a number-average molecular weight and weight-average molecular weight of 1.05 × 10(5) and 1.59 × 10(5) kDa, respectively. 26857207 8 23 theme 1.3:3.5:1 1125:1133 arg1 galactose 1097:1105 galactose 1097:1105 galactose 1097:1105 The monosaccharide composition consists of the molar ratio of glucose, galactose, and arabinose of 1.3:3.5:1. 26857207 8 23 theme 1.3:3.5:1 1125:1133 arg1 arabinose 1112:1120 arabinose 1112:1120 arabinose 1112:1120 The monosaccharide composition consists of the molar ratio of glucose, galactose, and arabinose of 1.3:3.5:1. 26857207 8 23 theme 1.3:3.5:1 1125:1133 arg1 glucose 1088:1094 glucose 1088:1094 glucose 1088:1094 The monosaccharide composition consists of the molar ratio of glucose, galactose, and arabinose of 1.3:3.5:1. 26857207 0 24 theme Rapid 0:4 arg1 separation 6:15 Rapid separation 0:15 Rapid separation of polysaccharides 0:34 Rapid separation of polysaccharides using a novel spiral coil column by high-speed countercurrent chromatography. 26857207 4 25 theme flow 553:556 arg1 rate 558:561 flow rate 553:561 flow rate 553:561 Optimal performance was achieved at a column rotational speed, temperature, and flow rate of 1200 rpm, 45°C, and 3.0 mL/min, respectively. 26857207 0 26 theme polysaccharides 20:34 arg1 separation 6:15 Rapid separation 0:15 Rapid separation of polysaccharides 0:34 Rapid separation of polysaccharides using a novel spiral coil column by high-speed countercurrent chromatography. 26857207 3 27 theme lower 439:443 arg1 phase 445:449 the lower phase 435:449 the lower phase 435:449 The optimal composition of an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system was found to be 14:16:14 w/w/w where the lower phase was the mobile phase. 26857207 3 27 theme lower 439:443 arg1 phase 466:470 the mobile phase 455:470 the mobile phase 455:470 The optimal composition of an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system was found to be 14:16:14 w/w/w where the lower phase was the mobile phase. 26857207 3 28 theme system 391:396 arg1 composition 340:350 The optimal composition 328:350 The optimal composition of an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system 328:396 The optimal composition of an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system was found to be 14:16:14 w/w/w where the lower phase was the mobile phase. 26857207 3 28 theme system 391:396 arg1 w/w/w 423:427 14:16:14 w/w/w 414:427 14:16:14 w/w/w where the lower phase was the mobile phase 414:470 The optimal composition of an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system was found to be 14:16:14 w/w/w where the lower phase was the mobile phase. 26857207 2 29 theme polysaccharides 311:325 arg1 separation 297:306 the rapid separation 287:306 the rapid separation of polysaccharides 287:325 We developed and optimized a type-J counter-current chromatography system with a novel tri-rotor spiral coil column for the rapid separation of polysaccharides. 26857207 7 30 contain possess 896:902 arg2 weight 967:972 weight-average molecular weight 942:972 weight-average molecular weight 942:972 LCP-1 possess a number-average molecular weight and weight-average molecular weight of 1.05 × 10(5) and 1.59 × 10(5) kDa, respectively. 26857207 7 30 contain possess 896:902 arg2 weight 931:936 a number-average molecular weight 904:936 a number-average molecular weight 904:936 LCP-1 possess a number-average molecular weight and weight-average molecular weight of 1.05 × 10(5) and 1.59 × 10(5) kDa, respectively. 26857207 7 30 contain possess 896:902 arg1 LCP-1 890:894 LCP-1 890:894 LCP-1 890:894 LCP-1 possess a number-average molecular weight and weight-average molecular weight of 1.05 × 10(5) and 1.59 × 10(5) kDa, respectively. 26857207 5 31 theme " -1:-1 arg1 mode 694:697 a ''head-to-tail'' elution mode 667:697 a ''head-to-tail'' elution mode 667:697 The mobile phase was pumped from the inner terminal in a ''head-to-tail'' elution mode. 26857207 2 32 theme tri-rotor 254:262 arg1 column 276:281 a novel tri-rotor spiral coil column 246:281 a novel tri-rotor spiral coil column for the rapid separation of polysaccharides 246:325 We developed and optimized a type-J counter-current chromatography system with a novel tri-rotor spiral coil column for the rapid separation of polysaccharides. 26857207 8 33 theme glucose 1088:1094 arg1 ratio 1079:1083 the molar ratio 1069:1083 the molar ratio of glucose, galactose, and arabinose of 1.3:3.5:1 1069:1133 The monosaccharide composition consists of the molar ratio of glucose, galactose, and arabinose of 1.3:3.5:1. 26857207 5 34 theme head-to-tail 671:682 arg1 mode 694:697 a ''head-to-tail'' elution mode 667:697 a ''head-to-tail'' elution mode 667:697 The mobile phase was pumped from the inner terminal in a ''head-to-tail'' elution mode. 26857207 2 35 theme novel 248:252 arg1 column 276:281 a novel tri-rotor spiral coil column 246:281 a novel tri-rotor spiral coil column for the rapid separation of polysaccharides 246:325 We developed and optimized a type-J counter-current chromatography system with a novel tri-rotor spiral coil column for the rapid separation of polysaccharides. 26857207 7 36 theme weight-average 942:955 arg1 weight 967:972 weight-average molecular weight 942:972 weight-average molecular weight 942:972 LCP-1 possess a number-average molecular weight and weight-average molecular weight of 1.05 × 10(5) and 1.59 × 10(5) kDa, respectively. 26857207 3 37 theme HPO4 377:380 arg1 system 391:396 an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system 355:396 an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system 355:396 The optimal composition of an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system was found to be 14:16:14 w/w/w where the lower phase was the mobile phase. 26857207 0 38 theme spiral 50:55 arg1 column 62:67 a novel spiral coil column 42:67 a novel spiral coil column by high-speed countercurrent chromatography 42:111 Rapid separation of polysaccharides using a novel spiral coil column by high-speed countercurrent chromatography. 26857207 5 39 theme " -1:-1 arg1 mode 694:697 a ''head-to-tail'' elution mode 667:697 a ''head-to-tail'' elution mode 667:697 The mobile phase was pumped from the inner terminal in a ''head-to-tail'' elution mode. 26857207 3 40 theme aqueous 358:364 arg1 system 391:396 an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system 355:396 an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system 355:396 The optimal composition of an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system was found to be 14:16:14 w/w/w where the lower phase was the mobile phase. 26857207 3 41 theme mobile 459:464 arg1 phase 445:449 the lower phase 435:449 the lower phase 435:449 The optimal composition of an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system was found to be 14:16:14 w/w/w where the lower phase was the mobile phase. 26857207 3 41 theme mobile 459:464 arg1 phase 466:470 the mobile phase 455:470 the mobile phase 455:470 The optimal composition of an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system was found to be 14:16:14 w/w/w where the lower phase was the mobile phase. 26857207 3 42 theme 14:16:14 414:421 arg1 composition 340:350 The optimal composition 328:350 The optimal composition of an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system 328:396 The optimal composition of an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system was found to be 14:16:14 w/w/w where the lower phase was the mobile phase. 26857207 3 42 theme 14:16:14 414:421 arg1 w/w/w 423:427 14:16:14 w/w/w 414:427 14:16:14 w/w/w where the lower phase was the mobile phase 414:470 The optimal composition of an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system was found to be 14:16:14 w/w/w where the lower phase was the mobile phase. 26857207 3 43 theme optimal 332:338 arg1 composition 340:350 The optimal composition 328:350 The optimal composition of an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system 328:396 The optimal composition of an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system was found to be 14:16:14 w/w/w where the lower phase was the mobile phase. 26857207 3 43 theme optimal 332:338 arg1 w/w/w 423:427 14:16:14 w/w/w 414:427 14:16:14 w/w/w where the lower phase was the mobile phase 414:470 The optimal composition of an aqueous PEG1000/K2 HPO4 /KH2 PO4 system was found to be 14:16:14 w/w/w where the lower phase was the mobile phase. 26857207 6 44 theme lychee 842:847 arg1 fruit 849:853 the lychee fruit 838:853 the lychee fruit (Litchi chinensis) 838:872 Polysaccharide LCP-1 (10.7 mg) was successfully obtained in high purity in one step from 50.0 mg of a crude polysaccharide extracted from the lychee fruit (Litchi chinensis) within 100 min. 26857207 6 44 theme lychee 842:847 arg1 chinensis 863:871 Litchi chinensis 856:871 Litchi chinensis 856:871 Polysaccharide LCP-1 (10.7 mg) was successfully obtained in high purity in one step from 50.0 mg of a crude polysaccharide extracted from the lychee fruit (Litchi chinensis) within 100 min. 26857207 6 45 theme Litchi 856:861 arg1 fruit 849:853 the lychee fruit 838:853 the lychee fruit (Litchi chinensis) 838:872 Polysaccharide LCP-1 (10.7 mg) was successfully obtained in high purity in one step from 50.0 mg of a crude polysaccharide extracted from the lychee fruit (Litchi chinensis) within 100 min. 26857207 6 45 theme Litchi 856:861 arg1 chinensis 863:871 Litchi chinensis 856:871 Litchi chinensis 856:871 Polysaccharide LCP-1 (10.7 mg) was successfully obtained in high purity in one step from 50.0 mg of a crude polysaccharide extracted from the lychee fruit (Litchi chinensis) within 100 min. 26857207 5 46 theme inner 649:653 arg1 terminal 655:662 the inner terminal 645:662 the inner terminal 645:662 The mobile phase was pumped from the inner terminal in a ''head-to-tail'' elution mode. 26857207 2 47 theme chromatography 219:232 arg1 system 234:239 a type-J counter-current chromatography system 194:239 a type-J counter-current chromatography system 194:239 We developed and optimized a type-J counter-current chromatography system with a novel tri-rotor spiral coil column for the rapid separation of polysaccharides. 26857207 6 48 theme Polysaccharide 700:713 arg1 LCP-1 715:719 Polysaccharide LCP-1 700:719 Polysaccharide LCP-1 (10.7 mg) 700:729 Polysaccharide LCP-1 (10.7 mg) was successfully obtained in high purity in one step from 50.0 mg of a crude polysaccharide extracted from the lychee fruit (Litchi chinensis) within 100 min. 26857207 6 48 theme Polysaccharide 700:713 arg1 mg 727:728 10.7 mg 722:728 10.7 mg 722:728 Polysaccharide LCP-1 (10.7 mg) was successfully obtained in high purity in one step from 50.0 mg of a crude polysaccharide extracted from the lychee fruit (Litchi chinensis) within 100 min. 26857207 1 49 theme polysaccharides 132:146 arg1 consuming 156:164 consuming 156:164 consuming 156:164 The separation of polysaccharides is time consuming. 26857207 1 49 theme polysaccharides 132:146 arg1 separation 118:127 The separation 114:127 The separation of polysaccharides 114:146 The separation of polysaccharides is time consuming. 26857207 2 50 theme counter-current 203:217 arg1 system 234:239 a type-J counter-current chromatography system 194:239 a type-J counter-current chromatography system 194:239 We developed and optimized a type-J counter-current chromatography system with a novel tri-rotor spiral coil column for the rapid separation of polysaccharides. 26857207 7 51 theme number-average 906:919 arg1 weight 931:936 a number-average molecular weight 904:936 a number-average molecular weight 904:936 LCP-1 possess a number-average molecular weight and weight-average molecular weight of 1.05 × 10(5) and 1.59 × 10(5) kDa, respectively. 26857207 7 52 dep × 982:982 arg1 kDa 1007:1009 kDa 1007:1009 kDa 1007:1009 LCP-1 possess a number-average molecular weight and weight-average molecular weight of 1.05 × 10(5) and 1.59 × 10(5) kDa, respectively. 26857207 2 53 theme type-J 196:201 arg1 system 234:239 a type-J counter-current chromatography system 194:239 a type-J counter-current chromatography system 194:239 We developed and optimized a type-J counter-current chromatography system with a novel tri-rotor spiral coil column for the rapid separation of polysaccharides. 26857207 2 54 theme coil 271:274 arg1 column 276:281 a novel tri-rotor spiral coil column 246:281 a novel tri-rotor spiral coil column for the rapid separation of polysaccharides 246:325 We developed and optimized a type-J counter-current chromatography system with a novel tri-rotor spiral coil column for the rapid separation of polysaccharides. 26857207 7 55 theme molecular 921:929 arg1 weight 931:936 a number-average molecular weight 904:936 a number-average molecular weight 904:936 LCP-1 possess a number-average molecular weight and weight-average molecular weight of 1.05 × 10(5) and 1.59 × 10(5) kDa, respectively. 26857207 4 56 theme mL/min 590:595 arg1 temperature 536:546 temperature 536:546 temperature 536:546 Optimal performance was achieved at a column rotational speed, temperature, and flow rate of 1200 rpm, 45°C, and 3.0 mL/min, respectively. 26857207 4 56 theme mL/min 590:595 arg1 speed 529:533 a column rotational speed 509:533 a column rotational speed 509:533 Optimal performance was achieved at a column rotational speed, temperature, and flow rate of 1200 rpm, 45°C, and 3.0 mL/min, respectively. 26857207 4 56 theme mL/min 590:595 arg1 rate 558:561 flow rate 553:561 flow rate 553:561 Optimal performance was achieved at a column rotational speed, temperature, and flow rate of 1200 rpm, 45°C, and 3.0 mL/min, respectively. 26857207 0 57 theme coil 57:60 arg1 column 62:67 a novel spiral coil column 42:67 a novel spiral coil column by high-speed countercurrent chromatography 42:111 Rapid separation of polysaccharides using a novel spiral coil column by high-speed countercurrent chromatography. 26857207 2 58 theme spiral 264:269 arg1 column 276:281 a novel tri-rotor spiral coil column 246:281 a novel tri-rotor spiral coil column for the rapid separation of polysaccharides 246:325 We developed and optimized a type-J counter-current chromatography system with a novel tri-rotor spiral coil column for the rapid separation of polysaccharides. 26857207 8 59 theme molar 1073:1077 arg1 ratio 1079:1083 the molar ratio 1069:1083 the molar ratio of glucose, galactose, and arabinose of 1.3:3.5:1 1069:1133 The monosaccharide composition consists of the molar ratio of glucose, galactose, and arabinose of 1.3:3.5:1. 26857207 5 60 theme elution 686:692 arg1 mode 694:697 a ''head-to-tail'' elution mode 667:697 a ''head-to-tail'' elution mode 667:697 The mobile phase was pumped from the inner terminal in a ''head-to-tail'' elution mode. 25387269 10 0 theme novel 2017:2021 arg1 role 2037:2040 a novel physiological role 2015:2040 a novel physiological role for OPC in regulating information processing at neuronal synapses 2015:2106 These results demonstrate for the first time a bidirectional cross-talk between OPC and the surrounding neuronal network and demonstrate a novel physiological role for OPC in regulating information processing at neuronal synapses. 25387269 5 1 attach present 832:838 arg1 fragment 885:892 a C-terminal fragment 872:892 a C-terminal fragment that is subsequently further processed by the γ-secretase to release an intracellular domain 872:985 NG2 cleavage by the α-secretase ADAM10 yields an ectodomain present in the extracellular matrix and a C-terminal fragment that is subsequently further processed by the γ-secretase to release an intracellular domain. 25387269 5 1 attach present 832:838 arg2 ectodomain 821:830 an ectodomain 818:830 an ectodomain present in the extracellular matrix and a C-terminal fragment that is subsequently further processed by the γ-secretase to release an intracellular domain 818:985 NG2 cleavage by the α-secretase ADAM10 yields an ectodomain present in the extracellular matrix and a C-terminal fragment that is subsequently further processed by the γ-secretase to release an intracellular domain. 25387269 5 1 attach present 832:838 arg1 matrix 861:866 the extracellular matrix 843:866 the extracellular matrix 843:866 NG2 cleavage by the α-secretase ADAM10 yields an ectodomain present in the extracellular matrix and a C-terminal fragment that is subsequently further processed by the γ-secretase to release an intracellular domain. 25387269 2 2 theme synaptic 361:368 arg1 input 370:374 synaptic input 361:374 synaptic input from neurons 361:387 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) characteristically express the transmembrane proteoglycan nerve-glia antigen 2 (NG2) and are unique glial cells receiving synaptic input from neurons. 25387269 7 3 theme receptors 1542:1550 arg1 composition 1461:1471 the subunit composition 1449:1471 the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors 1449:1550 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 1 4 theme glia 130:133 arg1 role 122:125 The role 118:125 The role of glia in modulating neuronal network activity 118:173 The role of glia in modulating neuronal network activity is an important question. 25387269 1 4 theme glia 130:133 arg1 question 191:198 an important question 178:198 an important question 178:198 The role of glia in modulating neuronal network activity is an important question. 25387269 8 5 theme conserved 1727:1735 arg1 domains 1749:1755 conserved LNS protein domains 1727:1755 conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain 1727:1777 In NG2-knockout mice these neurons exhibit diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes; strikingly AMPA receptor currents can be rescued by application of conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain. 25387269 8 5 theme conserved 1727:1735 arg1 ectodomain 1768:1777 the NG2 ectodomain 1760:1777 the NG2 ectodomain 1760:1777 In NG2-knockout mice these neurons exhibit diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes; strikingly AMPA receptor currents can be rescued by application of conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain. 25387269 7 6 theme NG2 1152:1154 arg1 expression 1156:1165 NG2 expression 1152:1165 NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice) 1152:1192 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 7 theme AMPA 1536:1539 arg1 receptors 1542:1550 their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors 1476:1550 their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors 1476:1550 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 8 theme subunit 1453:1459 arg1 composition 1461:1471 the subunit composition 1449:1471 the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors 1449:1550 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 3 9 from retention 483:491 arg1 brain 551:555 the adult brain 541:555 the adult brain 541:555 The development of NG2+ OPC into myelinating oligodendrocytes has been well studied, yet the retention of a large population of synapse-bearing OPC in the adult brain poses the question as to additional functional roles of OPC in the neuronal network. 25387269 2 10 theme nerve-glia 297:306 arg1 antigen 308:314 the transmembrane proteoglycan nerve-glia antigen 2 266:316 the transmembrane proteoglycan nerve-glia antigen 2 (NG2) 266:322 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) characteristically express the transmembrane proteoglycan nerve-glia antigen 2 (NG2) and are unique glial cells receiving synaptic input from neurons. 25387269 2 10 theme nerve-glia 297:306 arg1 NG2 319:321 NG2 319:321 NG2 319:321 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) characteristically express the transmembrane proteoglycan nerve-glia antigen 2 (NG2) and are unique glial cells receiving synaptic input from neurons. 25387269 7 11 theme opionicacid 1523:1533 arg1 receptors 1542:1550 their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors 1476:1550 their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors 1476:1550 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 12 from reduction 1292:1300 arg1 neurons 1394:1400 pyramidal neurons 1384:1400 pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex 1384:1428 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 12 from reduction 1292:1300 arg1 alterations 1434:1444 alterations 1434:1444 alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors 1434:1550 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 4 13 theme activity-dependent 662:679 arg1 processing 681:690 activity-dependent processing 662:690 activity-dependent processing of NG2 by OPC-expressed secretases 662:725 Here we report that activity-dependent processing of NG2 by OPC-expressed secretases functionally regulates the neuronal network. 25387269 10 14 theme neuronal 2090:2097 arg1 synapses 2099:2106 neuronal synapses 2090:2106 neuronal synapses 2090:2106 These results demonstrate for the first time a bidirectional cross-talk between OPC and the surrounding neuronal network and demonstrate a novel physiological role for OPC in regulating information processing at neuronal synapses. 25387269 6 15 theme ectodomain 1009:1018 arg1 shedding 1042:1049 shedding 1042:1049 shedding 1042:1049 ADAM10-dependent NG2 ectodomain cleavage and release (shedding) in acute brain slices or isolated OPC is increased by distinct activity-increasing stimuli. 25387269 6 15 theme ectodomain 1009:1018 arg1 cleavage 1020:1027 ADAM10-dependent NG2 ectodomain cleavage 988:1027 ADAM10-dependent NG2 ectodomain cleavage 988:1027 ADAM10-dependent NG2 ectodomain cleavage and release (shedding) in acute brain slices or isolated OPC is increased by distinct activity-increasing stimuli. 25387269 6 16 theme ADAM10-dependent 988:1003 arg1 shedding 1042:1049 shedding 1042:1049 shedding 1042:1049 ADAM10-dependent NG2 ectodomain cleavage and release (shedding) in acute brain slices or isolated OPC is increased by distinct activity-increasing stimuli. 25387269 6 16 theme ADAM10-dependent 988:1003 arg1 cleavage 1020:1027 ADAM10-dependent NG2 ectodomain cleavage 988:1027 ADAM10-dependent NG2 ectodomain cleavage 988:1027 ADAM10-dependent NG2 ectodomain cleavage and release (shedding) in acute brain slices or isolated OPC is increased by distinct activity-increasing stimuli. 25387269 9 17 theme NG2-knockout 1793:1804 arg1 mice 1806:1809 NG2-knockout mice 1793:1809 NG2-knockout mice 1793:1809 Furthermore, NG2-knockout mice exhibit altered behavior in tests measuring sensorimotor function. 25387269 7 18 theme somatosensory 1409:1421 arg1 cortex 1423:1428 the somatosensory cortex 1405:1428 the somatosensory cortex 1405:1428 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 10 19 theme first 1912:1916 arg1 time 1918:1921 the first time 1908:1921 the first time 1908:1921 These results demonstrate for the first time a bidirectional cross-talk between OPC and the surrounding neuronal network and demonstrate a novel physiological role for OPC in regulating information processing at neuronal synapses. 25387269 3 20 theme additional 582:591 arg1 roles 604:608 additional functional roles 582:608 additional functional roles of OPC in the neuronal network 582:639 The development of NG2+ OPC into myelinating oligodendrocytes has been well studied, yet the retention of a large population of synapse-bearing OPC in the adult brain poses the question as to additional functional roles of OPC in the neuronal network. 25387269 7 21 theme pyramidal 1384:1392 arg1 neurons 1394:1400 pyramidal neurons 1384:1400 pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex 1384:1428 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 2 22 theme transmembrane 270:282 arg1 antigen 308:314 the transmembrane proteoglycan nerve-glia antigen 2 266:316 the transmembrane proteoglycan nerve-glia antigen 2 (NG2) 266:322 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) characteristically express the transmembrane proteoglycan nerve-glia antigen 2 (NG2) and are unique glial cells receiving synaptic input from neurons. 25387269 2 22 theme transmembrane 270:282 arg1 NG2 319:321 NG2 319:321 NG2 319:321 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) characteristically express the transmembrane proteoglycan nerve-glia antigen 2 (NG2) and are unique glial cells receiving synaptic input from neurons. 25387269 6 23 theme acute 1055:1059 arg1 slices 1067:1072 acute brain slices 1055:1072 acute brain slices 1055:1072 ADAM10-dependent NG2 ectodomain cleavage and release (shedding) in acute brain slices or isolated OPC is increased by distinct activity-increasing stimuli. 25387269 7 24 from OPC 1265:1267 arg1 inhibition 1214:1223 pharmacological inhibition 1198:1223 pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC 1198:1267 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 24 from OPC 1265:1267 arg1 Lack 1144:1147 Lack 1144:1147 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice) 1144:1192 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 0 25 theme activity-dependent 65:82 arg1 cleavage 95:102 activity-dependent ectodomain cleavage 65:102 activity-dependent ectodomain cleavage of glial NG2 65:115 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells modulate the neuronal network by activity-dependent ectodomain cleavage of glial NG2. 25387269 3 26 theme OPC 613:615 arg1 roles 604:608 additional functional roles 582:608 additional functional roles of OPC in the neuronal network 582:639 The development of NG2+ OPC into myelinating oligodendrocytes has been well studied, yet the retention of a large population of synapse-bearing OPC in the adult brain poses the question as to additional functional roles of OPC in the neuronal network. 25387269 1 27 theme neuronal 149:156 arg1 activity 166:173 neuronal network activity 149:173 neuronal network activity 149:173 The role of glia in modulating neuronal network activity is an important question. 25387269 9 28 theme sensorimotor 1855:1866 arg1 function 1868:1875 sensorimotor function 1855:1875 sensorimotor function 1855:1875 Furthermore, NG2-knockout mice exhibit altered behavior in tests measuring sensorimotor function. 25387269 8 29 theme NG2-knockout 1556:1567 arg1 mice 1569:1572 NG2-knockout mice 1556:1572 NG2-knockout mice 1556:1572 In NG2-knockout mice these neurons exhibit diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes; strikingly AMPA receptor currents can be rescued by application of conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain. 25387269 0 30 theme glial 107:111 arg1 NG2 113:115 glial NG2 107:115 glial NG2 107:115 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells modulate the neuronal network by activity-dependent ectodomain cleavage of glial NG2. 25387269 6 31 from release 1033:1039 arg1 slices 1067:1072 acute brain slices 1055:1072 acute brain slices 1055:1072 ADAM10-dependent NG2 ectodomain cleavage and release (shedding) in acute brain slices or isolated OPC is increased by distinct activity-increasing stimuli. 25387269 6 31 from release 1033:1039 arg1 OPC 1086:1088 isolated OPC 1077:1088 isolated OPC 1077:1088 ADAM10-dependent NG2 ectodomain cleavage and release (shedding) in acute brain slices or isolated OPC is increased by distinct activity-increasing stimuli. 25387269 7 32 theme receptor-dependent 1333:1350 arg1 potentiation 1362:1373 N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation 1305:1373 N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) 1305:1379 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 32 theme receptor-dependent 1333:1350 arg1 LTP 1376:1378 LTP 1376:1378 LTP 1376:1378 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 5 33 theme α-secretase 792:802 arg1 ADAM10 804:809 the α-secretase ADAM10 788:809 the α-secretase ADAM10 788:809 NG2 cleavage by the α-secretase ADAM10 yields an ectodomain present in the extracellular matrix and a C-terminal fragment that is subsequently further processed by the γ-secretase to release an intracellular domain. 25387269 8 34 theme AMPA 1607:1610 arg1 amplitudes 1648:1657 diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes 1596:1657 diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes 1596:1657 In NG2-knockout mice these neurons exhibit diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes; strikingly AMPA receptor currents can be rescued by application of conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain. 25387269 7 35 theme wild-type 1255:1263 arg1 OPC 1265:1267 wild-type OPC 1255:1267 wild-type OPC 1255:1267 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 4 36 theme neuronal 754:761 arg1 network 763:769 the neuronal network 750:769 the neuronal network 750:769 Here we report that activity-dependent processing of NG2 by OPC-expressed secretases functionally regulates the neuronal network. 25387269 7 37 theme pharmacological 1198:1212 arg1 inhibition 1214:1223 pharmacological inhibition 1198:1223 pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC 1198:1267 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 5 38 theme intracellular 966:978 arg1 domain 980:985 an intracellular domain 963:985 an intracellular domain 963:985 NG2 cleavage by the α-secretase ADAM10 yields an ectodomain present in the extracellular matrix and a C-terminal fragment that is subsequently further processed by the γ-secretase to release an intracellular domain. 25387269 7 39 theme potentiation 1362:1373 arg1 reduction 1292:1300 a striking reduction 1281:1300 a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors 1281:1550 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 8 40 theme NMDA 1616:1619 arg1 amplitudes 1648:1657 diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes 1596:1657 diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes 1596:1657 In NG2-knockout mice these neurons exhibit diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes; strikingly AMPA receptor currents can be rescued by application of conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain. 25387269 6 41 theme isolated 1077:1084 arg1 OPC 1086:1088 isolated OPC 1077:1088 isolated OPC 1077:1088 ADAM10-dependent NG2 ectodomain cleavage and release (shedding) in acute brain slices or isolated OPC is increased by distinct activity-increasing stimuli. 25387269 7 42 from Lack 1144:1147 arg1 OPC 1170:1172 OPC 1170:1172 OPC (NG2-knockout mice) 1170:1192 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 42 from Lack 1144:1147 arg1 mice 1188:1191 NG2-knockout mice 1175:1191 NG2-knockout mice 1175:1191 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 42 from Lack 1144:1147 arg1 OPC 1265:1267 wild-type OPC 1255:1267 wild-type OPC 1255:1267 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 6 43 from cleavage 1020:1027 arg1 slices 1067:1072 acute brain slices 1055:1072 acute brain slices 1055:1072 ADAM10-dependent NG2 ectodomain cleavage and release (shedding) in acute brain slices or isolated OPC is increased by distinct activity-increasing stimuli. 25387269 6 43 from cleavage 1020:1027 arg1 OPC 1086:1088 isolated OPC 1077:1088 isolated OPC 1077:1088 ADAM10-dependent NG2 ectodomain cleavage and release (shedding) in acute brain slices or isolated OPC is increased by distinct activity-increasing stimuli. 25387269 3 44 from roles 604:608 arg1 network 633:639 the neuronal network 620:639 the neuronal network 620:639 The development of NG2+ OPC into myelinating oligodendrocytes has been well studied, yet the retention of a large population of synapse-bearing OPC in the adult brain poses the question as to additional functional roles of OPC in the neuronal network. 25387269 7 45 theme NMDA 1327:1330 arg1 potentiation 1362:1373 N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation 1305:1373 N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) 1305:1379 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 45 theme NMDA 1327:1330 arg1 LTP 1376:1378 LTP 1376:1378 LTP 1376:1378 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 3 46 theme NG2+ 409:412 arg1 OPC 414:416 NG2+ OPC 409:416 NG2+ OPC 409:416 The development of NG2+ OPC into myelinating oligodendrocytes has been well studied, yet the retention of a large population of synapse-bearing OPC in the adult brain poses the question as to additional functional roles of OPC in the neuronal network. 25387269 7 47 theme N-methyl-D-aspartate 1305:1324 arg1 potentiation 1362:1373 N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation 1305:1373 N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) 1305:1379 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 47 theme N-methyl-D-aspartate 1305:1324 arg1 LTP 1376:1378 LTP 1376:1378 LTP 1376:1378 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 8 48 theme AMPA 1671:1674 arg1 currents 1685:1692 AMPA receptor currents 1671:1692 AMPA receptor currents 1671:1692 In NG2-knockout mice these neurons exhibit diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes; strikingly AMPA receptor currents can be rescued by application of conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain. 25387269 2 49 theme precursor 217:225 arg1 OPC 234:236 OPC 234:236 OPC 234:236 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) characteristically express the transmembrane proteoglycan nerve-glia antigen 2 (NG2) and are unique glial cells receiving synaptic input from neurons. 25387269 2 49 theme precursor 217:225 arg1 cells 227:231 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells 201:231 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) 201:237 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) characteristically express the transmembrane proteoglycan nerve-glia antigen 2 (NG2) and are unique glial cells receiving synaptic input from neurons. 25387269 2 50 theme glial 339:343 arg1 cells 345:349 unique glial cells 332:349 unique glial cells receiving synaptic input from neurons 332:387 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) characteristically express the transmembrane proteoglycan nerve-glia antigen 2 (NG2) and are unique glial cells receiving synaptic input from neurons. 25387269 8 51 theme LNS 1737:1739 arg1 domains 1749:1755 conserved LNS protein domains 1727:1755 conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain 1727:1777 In NG2-knockout mice these neurons exhibit diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes; strikingly AMPA receptor currents can be rescued by application of conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain. 25387269 8 51 theme LNS 1737:1739 arg1 ectodomain 1768:1777 the NG2 ectodomain 1760:1777 the NG2 ectodomain 1760:1777 In NG2-knockout mice these neurons exhibit diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes; strikingly AMPA receptor currents can be rescued by application of conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain. 25387269 10 52 theme neuronal 1982:1989 arg1 network 1991:1997 the surrounding neuronal network 1966:1997 the surrounding neuronal network 1966:1997 These results demonstrate for the first time a bidirectional cross-talk between OPC and the surrounding neuronal network and demonstrate a novel physiological role for OPC in regulating information processing at neuronal synapses. 25387269 3 53 theme synapse-bearing 518:532 arg1 OPC 534:536 synapse-bearing OPC 518:536 synapse-bearing OPC 518:536 The development of NG2+ OPC into myelinating oligodendrocytes has been well studied, yet the retention of a large population of synapse-bearing OPC in the adult brain poses the question as to additional functional roles of OPC in the neuronal network. 25387269 8 54 theme domains 1749:1755 arg1 application 1712:1722 application 1712:1722 application of conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain 1712:1777 In NG2-knockout mice these neurons exhibit diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes; strikingly AMPA receptor currents can be rescued by application of conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain. 25387269 10 55 theme physiological 2023:2035 arg1 role 2037:2040 a novel physiological role 2015:2040 a novel physiological role for OPC in regulating information processing at neuronal synapses 2015:2106 These results demonstrate for the first time a bidirectional cross-talk between OPC and the surrounding neuronal network and demonstrate a novel physiological role for OPC in regulating information processing at neuronal synapses. 25387269 7 56 theme expression 1156:1165 arg1 inhibition 1214:1223 pharmacological inhibition 1198:1223 pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC 1198:1267 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 56 theme expression 1156:1165 arg1 Lack 1144:1147 Lack 1144:1147 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice) 1144:1192 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 3 57 theme population 504:513 arg1 retention 483:491 the retention 479:491 the retention of a large population of synapse-bearing OPC in the adult brain 479:555 The development of NG2+ OPC into myelinating oligodendrocytes has been well studied, yet the retention of a large population of synapse-bearing OPC in the adult brain poses the question as to additional functional roles of OPC in the neuronal network. 25387269 6 58 theme activity-increasing 1115:1133 arg1 stimuli 1135:1141 distinct activity-increasing stimuli 1106:1141 distinct activity-increasing stimuli 1106:1141 ADAM10-dependent NG2 ectodomain cleavage and release (shedding) in acute brain slices or isolated OPC is increased by distinct activity-increasing stimuli. 25387269 3 59 theme adult 545:549 arg1 brain 551:555 the adult brain 541:555 the adult brain 541:555 The development of NG2+ OPC into myelinating oligodendrocytes has been well studied, yet the retention of a large population of synapse-bearing OPC in the adult brain poses the question as to additional functional roles of OPC in the neuronal network. 25387269 8 60 theme ectodomain 1768:1777 arg1 domains 1749:1755 conserved LNS protein domains 1727:1755 conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain 1727:1777 In NG2-knockout mice these neurons exhibit diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes; strikingly AMPA receptor currents can be rescued by application of conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain. 25387269 8 60 theme ectodomain 1768:1777 arg1 ectodomain 1768:1777 the NG2 ectodomain 1760:1777 the NG2 ectodomain 1760:1777 In NG2-knockout mice these neurons exhibit diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes; strikingly AMPA receptor currents can be rescued by application of conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain. 25387269 5 61 theme C-terminal 874:883 arg1 fragment 885:892 a C-terminal fragment 872:892 a C-terminal fragment that is subsequently further processed by the γ-secretase to release an intracellular domain 872:985 NG2 cleavage by the α-secretase ADAM10 yields an ectodomain present in the extracellular matrix and a C-terminal fragment that is subsequently further processed by the γ-secretase to release an intracellular domain. 25387269 7 62 theme α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr 1482:1521 arg1 receptors 1542:1550 their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors 1476:1550 their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors 1476:1550 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 8 63 theme receptor 1676:1683 arg1 currents 1685:1692 AMPA receptor currents 1671:1692 AMPA receptor currents 1671:1692 In NG2-knockout mice these neurons exhibit diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes; strikingly AMPA receptor currents can be rescued by application of conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain. 25387269 1 64 theme important 181:189 arg1 role 122:125 The role 118:125 The role of glia in modulating neuronal network activity 118:173 The role of glia in modulating neuronal network activity is an important question. 25387269 1 64 theme important 181:189 arg1 question 191:198 an important question 178:198 an important question 178:198 The role of glia in modulating neuronal network activity is an important question. 25387269 2 65 from neurons 381:387 arg1 input 370:374 synaptic input 361:374 synaptic input from neurons 361:387 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) characteristically express the transmembrane proteoglycan nerve-glia antigen 2 (NG2) and are unique glial cells receiving synaptic input from neurons. 25387269 5 66 theme extracellular 847:859 arg1 matrix 861:866 the extracellular matrix 843:866 the extracellular matrix 843:866 NG2 cleavage by the α-secretase ADAM10 yields an ectodomain present in the extracellular matrix and a C-terminal fragment that is subsequently further processed by the γ-secretase to release an intracellular domain. 25387269 6 67 theme NG2 1005:1007 arg1 shedding 1042:1049 shedding 1042:1049 shedding 1042:1049 ADAM10-dependent NG2 ectodomain cleavage and release (shedding) in acute brain slices or isolated OPC is increased by distinct activity-increasing stimuli. 25387269 6 67 theme NG2 1005:1007 arg1 cleavage 1020:1027 ADAM10-dependent NG2 ectodomain cleavage 988:1027 ADAM10-dependent NG2 ectodomain cleavage 988:1027 ADAM10-dependent NG2 ectodomain cleavage and release (shedding) in acute brain slices or isolated OPC is increased by distinct activity-increasing stimuli. 25387269 7 68 from inhibition 1214:1223 arg1 OPC 1170:1172 OPC 1170:1172 OPC (NG2-knockout mice) 1170:1192 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 68 from inhibition 1214:1223 arg1 mice 1188:1191 NG2-knockout mice 1175:1191 NG2-knockout mice 1175:1191 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 68 from inhibition 1214:1223 arg1 OPC 1265:1267 wild-type OPC 1255:1267 wild-type OPC 1255:1267 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 10 69 theme information 2064:2074 arg1 processing 2076:2085 information processing 2064:2085 information processing 2064:2085 These results demonstrate for the first time a bidirectional cross-talk between OPC and the surrounding neuronal network and demonstrate a novel physiological role for OPC in regulating information processing at neuronal synapses. 25387269 0 70 theme ectodomain 84:93 arg1 cleavage 95:102 activity-dependent ectodomain cleavage 65:102 activity-dependent ectodomain cleavage of glial NG2 65:115 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells modulate the neuronal network by activity-dependent ectodomain cleavage of glial NG2. 25387269 3 71 theme functional 593:602 arg1 roles 604:608 additional functional roles 582:608 additional functional roles of OPC in the neuronal network 582:639 The development of NG2+ OPC into myelinating oligodendrocytes has been well studied, yet the retention of a large population of synapse-bearing OPC in the adult brain poses the question as to additional functional roles of OPC in the neuronal network. 25387269 7 72 theme cortex 1423:1428 arg1 neurons 1394:1400 pyramidal neurons 1384:1400 pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex 1384:1428 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 72 theme cortex 1423:1428 arg1 alterations 1434:1444 alterations 1434:1444 alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors 1434:1550 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 73 theme NG2 1228:1230 arg1 shedding 1243:1250 NG2 ectodomain shedding 1228:1250 NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC 1228:1267 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 9 74 theme altered 1819:1825 arg1 behavior 1827:1834 altered behavior 1819:1834 altered behavior 1819:1834 Furthermore, NG2-knockout mice exhibit altered behavior in tests measuring sensorimotor function. 25387269 7 75 from shedding 1243:1250 arg1 OPC 1265:1267 wild-type OPC 1255:1267 wild-type OPC 1255:1267 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 4 76 theme OPC-expressed 702:714 arg1 secretases 716:725 OPC-expressed secretases 702:725 OPC-expressed secretases 702:725 Here we report that activity-dependent processing of NG2 by OPC-expressed secretases functionally regulates the neuronal network. 25387269 2 77 theme proteoglycan 284:295 arg1 antigen 308:314 the transmembrane proteoglycan nerve-glia antigen 2 266:316 the transmembrane proteoglycan nerve-glia antigen 2 (NG2) 266:322 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) characteristically express the transmembrane proteoglycan nerve-glia antigen 2 (NG2) and are unique glial cells receiving synaptic input from neurons. 25387269 2 77 theme proteoglycan 284:295 arg1 NG2 319:321 NG2 319:321 NG2 319:321 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) characteristically express the transmembrane proteoglycan nerve-glia antigen 2 (NG2) and are unique glial cells receiving synaptic input from neurons. 25387269 5 78 from matrix 861:866 arg1 present 832:838 present 832:838 present 832:838 NG2 cleavage by the α-secretase ADAM10 yields an ectodomain present in the extracellular matrix and a C-terminal fragment that is subsequently further processed by the γ-secretase to release an intracellular domain. 25387269 0 79 theme neuronal 45:52 arg1 network 54:60 the neuronal network 41:60 the neuronal network 41:60 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells modulate the neuronal network by activity-dependent ectodomain cleavage of glial NG2. 25387269 7 80 from alterations 1434:1444 arg1 composition 1461:1471 the subunit composition 1449:1471 the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors 1449:1550 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 6 81 theme brain 1061:1065 arg1 slices 1067:1072 acute brain slices 1055:1072 acute brain slices 1055:1072 ADAM10-dependent NG2 ectodomain cleavage and release (shedding) in acute brain slices or isolated OPC is increased by distinct activity-increasing stimuli. 25387269 5 82 theme NG2 772:774 arg1 cleavage 776:783 NG2 cleavage 772:783 NG2 cleavage by the α-secretase ADAM10 772:809 NG2 cleavage by the α-secretase ADAM10 yields an ectodomain present in the extracellular matrix and a C-terminal fragment that is subsequently further processed by the γ-secretase to release an intracellular domain. 25387269 10 83 theme bidirectional 1925:1937 arg1 cross-talk 1939:1948 a bidirectional cross-talk 1923:1948 a bidirectional cross-talk between OPC and the surrounding neuronal network 1923:1997 These results demonstrate for the first time a bidirectional cross-talk between OPC and the surrounding neuronal network and demonstrate a novel physiological role for OPC in regulating information processing at neuronal synapses. 25387269 7 84 from OPC 1170:1172 arg1 inhibition 1214:1223 pharmacological inhibition 1198:1223 pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC 1198:1267 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 84 from OPC 1170:1172 arg1 Lack 1144:1147 Lack 1144:1147 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice) 1144:1192 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 85 theme ectodomain 1232:1241 arg1 shedding 1243:1250 NG2 ectodomain shedding 1228:1250 NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC 1228:1267 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 86 theme shedding 1243:1250 arg1 inhibition 1214:1223 pharmacological inhibition 1198:1223 pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC 1198:1267 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 86 theme shedding 1243:1250 arg1 Lack 1144:1147 Lack 1144:1147 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice) 1144:1192 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 5 87 from fragment 885:892 arg1 present 832:838 present 832:838 present 832:838 NG2 cleavage by the α-secretase ADAM10 yields an ectodomain present in the extracellular matrix and a C-terminal fragment that is subsequently further processed by the γ-secretase to release an intracellular domain. 25387269 1 88 theme network 158:164 arg1 activity 166:173 neuronal network activity 149:173 neuronal network activity 149:173 The role of glia in modulating neuronal network activity is an important question. 25387269 4 89 theme NG2 695:697 arg1 processing 681:690 activity-dependent processing 662:690 activity-dependent processing of NG2 by OPC-expressed secretases 662:725 Here we report that activity-dependent processing of NG2 by OPC-expressed secretases functionally regulates the neuronal network. 25387269 0 90 theme NG2 113:115 arg1 cleavage 95:102 activity-dependent ectodomain cleavage 65:102 activity-dependent ectodomain cleavage of glial NG2 65:115 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells modulate the neuronal network by activity-dependent ectodomain cleavage of glial NG2. 25387269 8 91 theme diminished 1596:1605 arg1 amplitudes 1648:1657 diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes 1596:1657 diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes 1596:1657 In NG2-knockout mice these neurons exhibit diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes; strikingly AMPA receptor currents can be rescued by application of conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain. 25387269 0 92 theme Oligodendrocyte 0:14 arg1 cells 26:30 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells 0:30 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells 0:30 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells modulate the neuronal network by activity-dependent ectodomain cleavage of glial NG2. 25387269 6 93 theme distinct 1106:1113 arg1 stimuli 1135:1141 distinct activity-increasing stimuli 1106:1141 distinct activity-increasing stimuli 1106:1141 ADAM10-dependent NG2 ectodomain cleavage and release (shedding) in acute brain slices or isolated OPC is increased by distinct activity-increasing stimuli. 25387269 0 94 theme precursor 16:24 arg1 cells 26:30 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells 0:30 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells 0:30 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells modulate the neuronal network by activity-dependent ectodomain cleavage of glial NG2. 25387269 5 95 from present 832:838 arg1 fragment 885:892 a C-terminal fragment 872:892 a C-terminal fragment that is subsequently further processed by the γ-secretase to release an intracellular domain 872:985 NG2 cleavage by the α-secretase ADAM10 yields an ectodomain present in the extracellular matrix and a C-terminal fragment that is subsequently further processed by the γ-secretase to release an intracellular domain. 25387269 5 95 from present 832:838 arg1 matrix 861:866 the extracellular matrix 843:866 the extracellular matrix 843:866 NG2 cleavage by the α-secretase ADAM10 yields an ectodomain present in the extracellular matrix and a C-terminal fragment that is subsequently further processed by the γ-secretase to release an intracellular domain. 25387269 7 96 from neurons 1394:1400 arg1 composition 1461:1471 the subunit composition 1449:1471 the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors 1449:1550 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 97 theme long-term 1352:1360 arg1 potentiation 1362:1373 N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation 1305:1373 N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) 1305:1379 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 97 theme long-term 1352:1360 arg1 LTP 1376:1378 LTP 1376:1378 LTP 1376:1378 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 8 98 theme receptor-dependent 1621:1638 arg1 amplitudes 1648:1657 diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes 1596:1657 diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes 1596:1657 In NG2-knockout mice these neurons exhibit diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes; strikingly AMPA receptor currents can be rescued by application of conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain. 25387269 5 99 theme present 832:838 arg1 ectodomain 821:830 an ectodomain 818:830 an ectodomain present in the extracellular matrix and a C-terminal fragment that is subsequently further processed by the γ-secretase to release an intracellular domain 818:985 NG2 cleavage by the α-secretase ADAM10 yields an ectodomain present in the extracellular matrix and a C-terminal fragment that is subsequently further processed by the γ-secretase to release an intracellular domain. 25387269 10 100 theme surrounding 1970:1980 arg1 network 1991:1997 the surrounding neuronal network 1966:1997 the surrounding neuronal network 1966:1997 These results demonstrate for the first time a bidirectional cross-talk between OPC and the surrounding neuronal network and demonstrate a novel physiological role for OPC in regulating information processing at neuronal synapses. 25387269 7 101 theme NG2-knockout 1175:1186 arg1 OPC 1170:1172 OPC 1170:1172 OPC (NG2-knockout mice) 1170:1192 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 101 theme NG2-knockout 1175:1186 arg1 mice 1188:1191 NG2-knockout mice 1175:1191 NG2-knockout mice 1175:1191 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 3 102 theme myelinating 423:433 arg1 oligodendrocytes 435:450 myelinating oligodendrocytes 423:450 myelinating oligodendrocytes 423:450 The development of NG2+ OPC into myelinating oligodendrocytes has been well studied, yet the retention of a large population of synapse-bearing OPC in the adult brain poses the question as to additional functional roles of OPC in the neuronal network. 25387269 3 103 theme neuronal 624:631 arg1 network 633:639 the neuronal network 620:639 the neuronal network 620:639 The development of NG2+ OPC into myelinating oligodendrocytes has been well studied, yet the retention of a large population of synapse-bearing OPC in the adult brain poses the question as to additional functional roles of OPC in the neuronal network. 25387269 3 104 theme OPC 414:416 arg1 development 394:404 The development 390:404 The development of NG2+ OPC into myelinating oligodendrocytes 390:450 The development of NG2+ OPC into myelinating oligodendrocytes has been well studied, yet the retention of a large population of synapse-bearing OPC in the adult brain poses the question as to additional functional roles of OPC in the neuronal network. 25387269 7 105 from expression 1156:1165 arg1 OPC 1170:1172 OPC 1170:1172 OPC (NG2-knockout mice) 1170:1192 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 7 105 from expression 1156:1165 arg1 mice 1188:1191 NG2-knockout mice 1175:1191 NG2-knockout mice 1175:1191 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 8 106 theme current 1640:1646 arg1 amplitudes 1648:1657 diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes 1596:1657 diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes 1596:1657 In NG2-knockout mice these neurons exhibit diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes; strikingly AMPA receptor currents can be rescued by application of conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain. 25387269 3 107 theme large 498:502 arg1 population 504:513 a large population 496:513 a large population of synapse-bearing OPC 496:536 The development of NG2+ OPC into myelinating oligodendrocytes has been well studied, yet the retention of a large population of synapse-bearing OPC in the adult brain poses the question as to additional functional roles of OPC in the neuronal network. 25387269 8 108 theme protein 1741:1747 arg1 domains 1749:1755 conserved LNS protein domains 1727:1755 conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain 1727:1777 In NG2-knockout mice these neurons exhibit diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes; strikingly AMPA receptor currents can be rescued by application of conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain. 25387269 8 108 theme protein 1741:1747 arg1 ectodomain 1768:1777 the NG2 ectodomain 1760:1777 the NG2 ectodomain 1760:1777 In NG2-knockout mice these neurons exhibit diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes; strikingly AMPA receptor currents can be rescued by application of conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain. 25387269 7 109 theme striking 1283:1290 arg1 reduction 1292:1300 a striking reduction 1281:1300 a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors 1281:1550 Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. 25387269 2 110 theme Oligodendrocyte 201:215 arg1 OPC 234:236 OPC 234:236 OPC 234:236 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) characteristically express the transmembrane proteoglycan nerve-glia antigen 2 (NG2) and are unique glial cells receiving synaptic input from neurons. 25387269 2 110 theme Oligodendrocyte 201:215 arg1 cells 227:231 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells 201:231 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) 201:237 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) characteristically express the transmembrane proteoglycan nerve-glia antigen 2 (NG2) and are unique glial cells receiving synaptic input from neurons. 25387269 2 111 theme unique 332:337 arg1 cells 345:349 unique glial cells 332:349 unique glial cells receiving synaptic input from neurons 332:387 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) characteristically express the transmembrane proteoglycan nerve-glia antigen 2 (NG2) and are unique glial cells receiving synaptic input from neurons. 25387269 3 112 theme OPC 534:536 arg1 population 504:513 a large population 496:513 a large population of synapse-bearing OPC 496:536 The development of NG2+ OPC into myelinating oligodendrocytes has been well studied, yet the retention of a large population of synapse-bearing OPC in the adult brain poses the question as to additional functional roles of OPC in the neuronal network. 25387269 8 113 theme NG2 1764:1766 arg1 ectodomain 1768:1777 the NG2 ectodomain 1760:1777 the NG2 ectodomain 1760:1777 In NG2-knockout mice these neurons exhibit diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes; strikingly AMPA receptor currents can be rescued by application of conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain. 28183598 0 0 theme stainless 107:115 arg1 surface 123:129 austenitic stainless steel surface 96:129 austenitic stainless steel surface 96:129 Immobilization of heparin/poly-l-lysine microspheres on medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel surface to improve the biocompatibility and suppress thrombosis. 28183598 2 1 theme vascular 407:414 arg1 behavior 421:428 vascular cell behavior 407:428 vascular cell behavior 407:428 To improve the hemocompatibility of cardiovascular implants and to selectively direct vascular cell behavior, a novel heparin/poly-l-lysine microsphere was developed and immobilized on a dopamine-coated surface. 28183598 0 2 theme austenitic 96:105 arg1 surface 123:129 austenitic stainless steel surface 96:129 austenitic stainless steel surface 96:129 Immobilization of heparin/poly-l-lysine microspheres on medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel surface to improve the biocompatibility and suppress thrombosis. 28183598 6 3 theme thrombin 937:944 arg1 time 946:949 thrombin time 937:949 thrombin time 937:949 Furthermore, for plasma coagulation tests, the activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time were prolonged and depended on the heparinfunction. 28183598 3 4 theme austenitic 582:591 arg1 material 622:629 the stent material 612:629 the stent material 612:629 We chose medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel as the stent material since it has better biocompatibility. 28183598 3 4 theme austenitic 582:591 arg1 steel 603:607 medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel 542:607 medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel 542:607 We chose medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel as the stent material since it has better biocompatibility. 28183598 1 5 theme coronary 290:297 arg1 therapy 312:318 coronary artery stent therapy 290:318 coronary artery stent therapy 290:318 Thrombosis formation, restenosis, and delayed endothelium regeneration continue to be a challenge for coronary artery stent therapy. 28183598 0 6 from Immobilization 0:13 arg1 nitrogen 75:82 medical grade high nitrogen 56:82 medical grade high nitrogen 56:82 Immobilization of heparin/poly-l-lysine microspheres on medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel surface to improve the biocompatibility and suppress thrombosis. 28183598 8 7 theme artery 1205:1210 arg1 surfaces 1218:1225 coronary artery stent surfaces 1196:1225 coronary artery stent surfaces tailored for vascular cell behavior 1196:1261 This work has potential application for the design of coronary artery stent surfaces tailored for vascular cell behavior. 28183598 3 8 theme stent 616:620 arg1 material 622:629 the stent material 612:629 the stent material 612:629 We chose medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel as the stent material since it has better biocompatibility. 28183598 3 8 theme stent 616:620 arg1 steel 603:607 medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel 542:607 medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel 542:607 We chose medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel as the stent material since it has better biocompatibility. 28183598 1 9 theme artery 299:304 arg1 therapy 312:318 coronary artery stent therapy 290:318 coronary artery stent therapy 290:318 Thrombosis formation, restenosis, and delayed endothelium regeneration continue to be a challenge for coronary artery stent therapy. 28183598 2 10 theme cardiovascular 357:370 arg1 implants 372:379 cardiovascular implants 357:379 cardiovascular implants 357:379 To improve the hemocompatibility of cardiovascular implants and to selectively direct vascular cell behavior, a novel heparin/poly-l-lysine microsphere was developed and immobilized on a dopamine-coated surface. 28183598 8 11 theme coronary 1196:1203 arg1 surfaces 1218:1225 coronary artery stent surfaces 1196:1225 coronary artery stent surfaces tailored for vascular cell behavior 1196:1261 This work has potential application for the design of coronary artery stent surfaces tailored for vascular cell behavior. 28183598 3 12 theme nickel-free 570:580 arg1 material 622:629 the stent material 612:629 the stent material 612:629 We chose medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel as the stent material since it has better biocompatibility. 28183598 3 12 theme nickel-free 570:580 arg1 steel 603:607 medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel 542:607 medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel 542:607 We chose medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel as the stent material since it has better biocompatibility. 28183598 1 13 theme stent 306:310 arg1 therapy 312:318 coronary artery stent therapy 290:318 coronary artery stent therapy 290:318 Thrombosis formation, restenosis, and delayed endothelium regeneration continue to be a challenge for coronary artery stent therapy. 28183598 8 14 theme potential 1156:1164 arg1 application 1166:1176 potential application 1156:1176 potential application for the design of coronary artery stent surfaces tailored for vascular cell behavior 1156:1261 This work has potential application for the design of coronary artery stent surfaces tailored for vascular cell behavior. 28183598 8 15 theme surfaces 1218:1225 arg1 design 1186:1191 the design 1182:1191 the design of coronary artery stent surfaces tailored for vascular cell behavior 1182:1261 This work has potential application for the design of coronary artery stent surfaces tailored for vascular cell behavior. 28183598 6 16 theme thromboplastin 913:926 arg1 prolonged 956:964 prolonged 956:964 prolonged 956:964 Furthermore, for plasma coagulation tests, the activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time were prolonged and depended on the heparinfunction. 28183598 6 16 theme thromboplastin 913:926 arg1 time 928:931 the activated partial thromboplastin time 891:931 the activated partial thromboplastin time 891:931 Furthermore, for plasma coagulation tests, the activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time were prolonged and depended on the heparinfunction. 28183598 2 17 theme heparin/poly-l-lysine 439:459 arg1 microsphere 461:471 a novel heparin/poly-l-lysine microsphere 431:471 a novel heparin/poly-l-lysine microsphere 431:471 To improve the hemocompatibility of cardiovascular implants and to selectively direct vascular cell behavior, a novel heparin/poly-l-lysine microsphere was developed and immobilized on a dopamine-coated surface. 28183598 8 18 theme stent 1212:1216 arg1 surfaces 1218:1225 coronary artery stent surfaces 1196:1225 coronary artery stent surfaces tailored for vascular cell behavior 1196:1261 This work has potential application for the design of coronary artery stent surfaces tailored for vascular cell behavior. 28183598 6 19 theme partial 905:911 arg1 prolonged 956:964 prolonged 956:964 prolonged 956:964 Furthermore, for plasma coagulation tests, the activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time were prolonged and depended on the heparinfunction. 28183598 6 19 theme partial 905:911 arg1 time 928:931 the activated partial thromboplastin time 891:931 the activated partial thromboplastin time 891:931 Furthermore, for plasma coagulation tests, the activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time were prolonged and depended on the heparinfunction. 28183598 2 20 theme novel 433:437 arg1 microsphere 461:471 a novel heparin/poly-l-lysine microsphere 431:471 a novel heparin/poly-l-lysine microsphere 431:471 To improve the hemocompatibility of cardiovascular implants and to selectively direct vascular cell behavior, a novel heparin/poly-l-lysine microsphere was developed and immobilized on a dopamine-coated surface. 28183598 2 21 theme dopamine-coated 508:522 arg1 surface 524:530 a dopamine-coated surface 506:530 a dopamine-coated surface 506:530 To improve the hemocompatibility of cardiovascular implants and to selectively direct vascular cell behavior, a novel heparin/poly-l-lysine microsphere was developed and immobilized on a dopamine-coated surface. 28183598 6 22 theme activated 895:903 arg1 prolonged 956:964 prolonged 956:964 prolonged 956:964 Furthermore, for plasma coagulation tests, the activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time were prolonged and depended on the heparinfunction. 28183598 6 22 theme activated 895:903 arg1 time 928:931 the activated partial thromboplastin time 891:931 the activated partial thromboplastin time 891:931 Furthermore, for plasma coagulation tests, the activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time were prolonged and depended on the heparinfunction. 28183598 1 23 dep Thrombosis 188:197 arg1 formation 199:207 formation 199:207 formation 199:207 Thrombosis formation, restenosis, and delayed endothelium regeneration continue to be a challenge for coronary artery stent therapy. 28183598 4 24 theme poly-l-lysine 760:772 arg1 ratio 788:792 the heparin: poly-l-lysine concentration ratio 747:792 the heparin: poly-l-lysine concentration ratio 747:792 The stability and structural characteristics of the microspheres changed with the heparin: poly-l-lysine concentration ratio. 28183598 3 25 theme better 644:649 arg1 biocompatibility 651:666 better biocompatibility 644:666 better biocompatibility 644:666 We chose medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel as the stent material since it has better biocompatibility. 28183598 0 26 theme microspheres 40:51 arg1 Immobilization 0:13 Immobilization 0:13 Immobilization of heparin/poly-l-lysine microspheres on medical grade high nitrogen 0:82 Immobilization of heparin/poly-l-lysine microspheres on medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel surface to improve the biocompatibility and suppress thrombosis. 28183598 8 27 theme cell 1249:1252 arg1 behavior 1254:1261 vascular cell behavior 1240:1261 vascular cell behavior 1240:1261 This work has potential application for the design of coronary artery stent surfaces tailored for vascular cell behavior. 28183598 1 28 theme delayed 226:232 arg1 Thrombosis 188:197 Thrombosis 188:197 Thrombosis 188:197 Thrombosis formation, restenosis, and delayed endothelium regeneration continue to be a challenge for coronary artery stent therapy. 28183598 1 28 theme delayed 226:232 arg1 challenge 276:284 a challenge 274:284 a challenge for coronary artery stent therapy 274:318 Thrombosis formation, restenosis, and delayed endothelium regeneration continue to be a challenge for coronary artery stent therapy. 28183598 1 28 theme delayed 226:232 arg1 regeneration 246:257 delayed endothelium regeneration 226:257 delayed endothelium regeneration 226:257 Thrombosis formation, restenosis, and delayed endothelium regeneration continue to be a challenge for coronary artery stent therapy. 28183598 1 28 theme delayed 226:232 arg1 restenosis 210:219 restenosis 210:219 restenosis 210:219 Thrombosis formation, restenosis, and delayed endothelium regeneration continue to be a challenge for coronary artery stent therapy. 28183598 0 29 theme heparin/poly-l-lysine 18:38 arg1 microspheres 40:51 heparin/poly-l-lysine microspheres 18:51 heparin/poly-l-lysine microspheres 18:51 Immobilization of heparin/poly-l-lysine microspheres on medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel surface to improve the biocompatibility and suppress thrombosis. 28183598 8 30 theme vascular 1240:1247 arg1 behavior 1254:1261 vascular cell behavior 1240:1261 vascular cell behavior 1240:1261 This work has potential application for the design of coronary artery stent surfaces tailored for vascular cell behavior. 28183598 4 31 dep stability 673:681 arg1 The 669:671 The 669:671 The 669:671 The stability and structural characteristics of the microspheres changed with the heparin: poly-l-lysine concentration ratio. 28183598 1 32 theme endothelium 234:244 arg1 Thrombosis 188:197 Thrombosis 188:197 Thrombosis 188:197 Thrombosis formation, restenosis, and delayed endothelium regeneration continue to be a challenge for coronary artery stent therapy. 28183598 1 32 theme endothelium 234:244 arg1 challenge 276:284 a challenge 274:284 a challenge for coronary artery stent therapy 274:318 Thrombosis formation, restenosis, and delayed endothelium regeneration continue to be a challenge for coronary artery stent therapy. 28183598 1 32 theme endothelium 234:244 arg1 regeneration 246:257 delayed endothelium regeneration 226:257 delayed endothelium regeneration 226:257 Thrombosis formation, restenosis, and delayed endothelium regeneration continue to be a challenge for coronary artery stent therapy. 28183598 1 32 theme endothelium 234:244 arg1 restenosis 210:219 restenosis 210:219 restenosis 210:219 Thrombosis formation, restenosis, and delayed endothelium regeneration continue to be a challenge for coronary artery stent therapy. 28183598 0 33 theme medical 56:62 arg1 nitrogen 75:82 medical grade high nitrogen 56:82 medical grade high nitrogen 56:82 Immobilization of heparin/poly-l-lysine microspheres on medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel surface to improve the biocompatibility and suppress thrombosis. 28183598 3 34 contain has 640:642 arg1 it 637:638 it 637:638 it 637:638 We chose medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel as the stent material since it has better biocompatibility. 28183598 3 34 contain has 640:642 arg2 biocompatibility 651:666 better biocompatibility 644:666 better biocompatibility 644:666 We chose medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel as the stent material since it has better biocompatibility. 28183598 4 35 theme heparin 751:757 arg1 ratio 788:792 the heparin: poly-l-lysine concentration ratio 747:792 the heparin: poly-l-lysine concentration ratio 747:792 The stability and structural characteristics of the microspheres changed with the heparin: poly-l-lysine concentration ratio. 28183598 8 36 contain has 1152:1154 arg1 work 1147:1150 This work 1142:1150 This work 1142:1150 This work has potential application for the design of coronary artery stent surfaces tailored for vascular cell behavior. 28183598 8 36 contain has 1152:1154 arg2 application 1166:1176 potential application 1156:1176 potential application for the design of coronary artery stent surfaces tailored for vascular cell behavior 1156:1261 This work has potential application for the design of coronary artery stent surfaces tailored for vascular cell behavior. 28183598 0 37 theme high 70:73 arg1 nitrogen 75:82 medical grade high nitrogen 56:82 medical grade high nitrogen 56:82 Immobilization of heparin/poly-l-lysine microspheres on medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel surface to improve the biocompatibility and suppress thrombosis. 28183598 6 38 theme coagulation 872:882 arg1 tests 884:888 plasma coagulation tests 865:888 plasma coagulation tests 865:888 Furthermore, for plasma coagulation tests, the activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time were prolonged and depended on the heparinfunction. 28183598 3 39 theme high 556:559 arg1 material 622:629 the stent material 612:629 the stent material 612:629 We chose medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel as the stent material since it has better biocompatibility. 28183598 3 39 theme high 556:559 arg1 steel 603:607 medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel 542:607 medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel 542:607 We chose medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel as the stent material since it has better biocompatibility. 28183598 0 40 theme grade 64:68 arg1 nitrogen 75:82 medical grade high nitrogen 56:82 medical grade high nitrogen 56:82 Immobilization of heparin/poly-l-lysine microspheres on medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel surface to improve the biocompatibility and suppress thrombosis. 28183598 6 41 theme plasma 865:870 arg1 tests 884:888 plasma coagulation tests 865:888 plasma coagulation tests 865:888 Furthermore, for plasma coagulation tests, the activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time were prolonged and depended on the heparinfunction. 28183598 3 42 theme nitrogen 561:568 arg1 material 622:629 the stent material 612:629 the stent material 612:629 We chose medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel as the stent material since it has better biocompatibility. 28183598 3 42 theme nitrogen 561:568 arg1 steel 603:607 medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel 542:607 medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel 542:607 We chose medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel as the stent material since it has better biocompatibility. 28183598 4 43 theme concentration 774:786 arg1 ratio 788:792 the heparin: poly-l-lysine concentration ratio 747:792 the heparin: poly-l-lysine concentration ratio 747:792 The stability and structural characteristics of the microspheres changed with the heparin: poly-l-lysine concentration ratio. 28183598 3 44 theme medical 542:548 arg1 material 622:629 the stent material 612:629 the stent material 612:629 We chose medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel as the stent material since it has better biocompatibility. 28183598 3 44 theme medical 542:548 arg1 steel 603:607 medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel 542:607 medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel 542:607 We chose medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel as the stent material since it has better biocompatibility. 28183598 7 45 theme anticoagulant 1050:1062 arg1 activity 1064:1071 anticoagulant activity 1050:1071 anticoagulant activity 1050:1071 The modified exhibited excellent stability and anticoagulant activity, and efficiently accelerated endothelialization and anticoagulation. 28183598 4 46 theme structural 687:696 arg1 characteristics 698:712 structural characteristics 687:712 structural characteristics 687:712 The stability and structural characteristics of the microspheres changed with the heparin: poly-l-lysine concentration ratio. 28183598 5 47 theme Antithrombin 795:806 arg1 binding 812:818 Antithrombin III binding 795:818 Antithrombin III binding 795:818 Antithrombin III binding was significantly enhanced. 28183598 2 48 theme implants 372:379 arg1 hemocompatibility 336:352 the hemocompatibility 332:352 the hemocompatibility of cardiovascular implants 332:379 To improve the hemocompatibility of cardiovascular implants and to selectively direct vascular cell behavior, a novel heparin/poly-l-lysine microsphere was developed and immobilized on a dopamine-coated surface. 28183598 7 49 theme excellent 1026:1034 arg1 stability 1036:1044 excellent stability 1026:1044 excellent stability 1026:1044 The modified exhibited excellent stability and anticoagulant activity, and efficiently accelerated endothelialization and anticoagulation. 28183598 4 50 theme microspheres 721:732 arg1 stability 673:681 stability 673:681 stability 673:681 The stability and structural characteristics of the microspheres changed with the heparin: poly-l-lysine concentration ratio. 28183598 4 50 theme microspheres 721:732 arg1 characteristics 698:712 structural characteristics 687:712 structural characteristics 687:712 The stability and structural characteristics of the microspheres changed with the heparin: poly-l-lysine concentration ratio. 28183598 3 51 theme stainless 593:601 arg1 material 622:629 the stent material 612:629 the stent material 612:629 We chose medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel as the stent material since it has better biocompatibility. 28183598 3 51 theme stainless 593:601 arg1 steel 603:607 medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel 542:607 medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel 542:607 We chose medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel as the stent material since it has better biocompatibility. 28183598 3 52 theme grade 550:554 arg1 material 622:629 the stent material 612:629 the stent material 612:629 We chose medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel as the stent material since it has better biocompatibility. 28183598 3 52 theme grade 550:554 arg1 steel 603:607 medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel 542:607 medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel 542:607 We chose medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel as the stent material since it has better biocompatibility. 28183598 2 53 theme cell 416:419 arg1 behavior 421:428 vascular cell behavior 407:428 vascular cell behavior 407:428 To improve the hemocompatibility of cardiovascular implants and to selectively direct vascular cell behavior, a novel heparin/poly-l-lysine microsphere was developed and immobilized on a dopamine-coated surface. 28183598 0 54 theme steel 117:121 arg1 surface 123:129 austenitic stainless steel surface 96:129 austenitic stainless steel surface 96:129 Immobilization of heparin/poly-l-lysine microspheres on medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel surface to improve the biocompatibility and suppress thrombosis. 25572507 6 0 dep RESULTS 1324:1330 arg1 total 1334:1338 A total 1332:1338 RESULTS A total of 5,800 patients 1324:1356 RESULTS A total of 5,800 patients were randomized to bivalirudin (n = 2,889) or heparin ± GPI (n = 2,911). 25572507 8 1 dep 0.71 1831:1834 arg1 to 1828:1829 to 1828:1829 to 1828:1829 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 3 2 theme study 1020:1024 arg1 goal 1007:1010 The goal 1003:1010 The goal of this study 1003:1024 OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to examine the outcomes of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI for primary PCI, given the evolution in primary PCI. 25572507 8 3 theme heparin 1608:1614 arg1 GPI 1618:1620 heparin ± GPI 1608:1620 heparin ± GPI 1608:1620 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 0 4 theme HORIZONS-AMI 193:204 arg1 trials 218:223 the HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX trials 189:223 trials 218:223 Bivalirudin versus heparin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: pooled patient-level analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX trials. 25572507 8 5 theme bleeding 1664:1671 arg1 thrombocytopenia 1772:1787 thrombocytopenia 1772:1787 thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002) 1772:1847 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 5 theme bleeding 1664:1671 arg1 rates 1649:1653 reduced 30-day rates 1634:1653 reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality 1634:2051 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 5 theme bleeding 1664:1671 arg1 mortality 1862:1870 cardiac mortality 1854:1870 cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03) 1854:1928 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 4 6 theme patient-level 1239:1251 arg1 analysis 1253:1260 patient-level analysis 1239:1260 patient-level analysis 1239:1260 METHODS Databases from HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX were pooled for patient-level analysis. 25572507 2 7 theme Coronary 868:875 arg1 trial 899:903 the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial 830:903 the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial 830:903 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 2 7 theme Coronary 868:875 arg1 Angiography 886:896 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography 843:896 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography 843:896 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 0 8 theme EUROMAX 210:216 arg1 trials 218:223 the HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX trials 189:223 trials 218:223 Bivalirudin versus heparin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: pooled patient-level analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX trials. 25572507 9 9 theme thrombosis 2108:2117 arg1 rates 2119:2123 increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates 2078:2123 increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001) 2078:2184 Bivalirudin resulted in increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001), with nonsignificantly different rates of subacute stent thrombosis. 25572507 9 9 theme thrombosis 2108:2117 arg1 h 2099:2099 <24 h 2095:2099 <24 h 2095:2099 Bivalirudin resulted in increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001), with nonsignificantly different rates of subacute stent thrombosis. 25572507 3 10 dep OBJECTIVES 992:1001 arg1 was 1026:1028 was 1026:1028 was to examine the outcomes of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI for primary PCI, given the evolution in primary PCI 1026:1172 OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to examine the outcomes of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI for primary PCI, given the evolution in primary PCI. 25572507 7 11 theme patients 1472:1479 arg1 patients 1472:1479 patients 1472:1479 patients 1472:1479 The radial approach was used in 21.3% of patients, prasugrel/ticagrelor was used in 18.1% of patients, and GPI was used in 84.8% of the control group. 25572507 7 11 theme patients 1472:1479 arg1 % 1467:1467 21.3% 1463:1467 21.3% of patients 1463:1479 The radial approach was used in 21.3% of patients, prasugrel/ticagrelor was used in 18.1% of patients, and GPI was used in 84.8% of the control group. 25572507 2 12 theme primary 674:680 arg1 PCI 682:684 primary PCI 674:684 primary PCI 674:684 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 13 13 theme Myocardial 2895:2904 arg1 Infarction 2906:2915 Acute Myocardial Infarction 2889:2915 Acute Myocardial Infarction 2889:2915 (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723). 25572507 2 14 theme medication 780:789 arg1 administration 791:804 pre-hospital medication administration 767:804 pre-hospital medication administration 767:804 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 12 15 from evolution 2782:2790 arg1 pharmacotherapy 2813:2827 pharmacotherapy 2813:2827 pharmacotherapy 2813:2827 CONCLUSIONS Despite increased acute stent thrombosis, primary PCI with bivalirudin improved 30-day net clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and transfusions compared with heparin ± GPI, results that were consistent with evolution in PCI technique and pharmacotherapy. 25572507 12 15 from evolution 2782:2790 arg1 technique 2799:2807 PCI technique 2795:2807 PCI technique 2795:2807 CONCLUSIONS Despite increased acute stent thrombosis, primary PCI with bivalirudin improved 30-day net clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and transfusions compared with heparin ± GPI, results that were consistent with evolution in PCI technique and pharmacotherapy. 25572507 10 16 dep 0.86 2364:2367 arg1 to 2361:2362 to 2361:2362 to 2361:2362 Composite net adverse clinical events were lower with bivalirudin (8.8% vs. 11.9%; RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.86; p < 0.0001). 25572507 13 17 theme Angiography 2990:3000 arg1 NCT00433966 2933:2943 NCT00433966 2933:2943 NCT00433966 2933:2943 (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723). 25572507 13 17 theme Angiography 2990:3000 arg1 [EUROMAX 3002:3009 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX 2947:3009 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX 2947:3009 (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723). 25572507 1 18 theme myocardial 452:461 arg1 infarction 463:472 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 431:472 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin 431:505 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 1 18 theme myocardial 452:461 arg1 STEMI 475:479 STEMI 475:479 STEMI 475:479 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 8 19 dep mortality 1862:1870 arg1 % 1876:1876 2.0% vs. 2.9% 1873:1885 % 1876:1876 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 19 dep mortality 1862:1870 arg1 % 1885:1885 2.0% vs. 2.9% 1873:1885 % 1885:1885 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 3 20 theme anticoagulation 1068:1082 arg1 outcomes 1045:1052 the outcomes 1041:1052 the outcomes of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI for primary PCI 1041:1136 OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to examine the outcomes of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI for primary PCI, given the evolution in primary PCI. 25572507 0 21 theme coronary 131:138 arg1 intervention 140:151 primary percutaneous coronary intervention 110:151 primary percutaneous coronary intervention 110:151 Bivalirudin versus heparin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: pooled patient-level analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX trials. 25572507 12 22 theme significant 2642:2652 arg1 reductions 2654:2663 significant reductions 2642:2663 significant reductions in major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and transfusions compared with heparin ± GPI 2642:2745 CONCLUSIONS Despite increased acute stent thrombosis, primary PCI with bivalirudin improved 30-day net clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and transfusions compared with heparin ± GPI, results that were consistent with evolution in PCI technique and pharmacotherapy. 25572507 8 23 theme relative 1689:1696 arg1 [RR 1703:1705 relative risk [RR]: 0.53 1689:1712 4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI 1674:1741 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 24 theme different 1953:1961 arg1 rates 1963:1967 nonsignificantly different rates 1936:1967 nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality 1936:2051 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 1 25 theme ST-segment 431:440 arg1 infarction 463:472 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 431:472 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin 431:505 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 1 25 theme ST-segment 431:440 arg1 STEMI 475:479 STEMI 475:479 STEMI 475:479 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 12 26 theme 30-day 2607:2612 arg1 outcomes 2627:2634 30-day net clinical outcomes 2607:2634 30-day net clinical outcomes 2607:2634 CONCLUSIONS Despite increased acute stent thrombosis, primary PCI with bivalirudin improved 30-day net clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and transfusions compared with heparin ± GPI, results that were consistent with evolution in PCI technique and pharmacotherapy. 25572507 1 27 theme Acute 316:320 arg1 Infarction 333:342 Acute Myocardial Infarction 316:342 Acute Myocardial Infarction 316:342 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 13 28 theme Harmonizing 2831:2841 arg1 Outcomes 2843:2850 Harmonizing Outcomes 2831:2850 Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723 2831:3023 (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723). 25572507 2 29 theme frequent 733:740 arg1 intervention 749:760 frequent radial intervention 733:760 frequent radial intervention 733:760 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 1 30 from Outcomes 270:277 arg1 Infarction 333:342 Acute Myocardial Infarction 316:342 Acute Myocardial Infarction 316:342 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 0 31 theme patient-level 161:173 arg1 analysis 175:182 pooled patient-level analysis 154:182 Bivalirudin versus heparin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: pooled patient-level analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX trials. 0:224 Bivalirudin versus heparin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: pooled patient-level analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX trials. 25572507 12 32 theme clinical 2618:2625 arg1 outcomes 2627:2634 30-day net clinical outcomes 2607:2634 30-day net clinical outcomes 2607:2634 CONCLUSIONS Despite increased acute stent thrombosis, primary PCI with bivalirudin improved 30-day net clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and transfusions compared with heparin ± GPI, results that were consistent with evolution in PCI technique and pharmacotherapy. 25572507 2 33 theme inhibitors 721:730 arg1 intervention 749:760 frequent radial intervention 733:760 frequent radial intervention 733:760 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 2 33 theme inhibitors 721:730 arg1 use 701:703 the use 697:703 the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors 697:730 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 2 33 theme inhibitors 721:730 arg1 administration 791:804 pre-hospital medication administration 767:804 pre-hospital medication administration 767:804 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 6 34 theme patients 1349:1356 arg1 total 1334:1338 A total 1332:1338 RESULTS A total of 5,800 patients 1324:1356 RESULTS A total of 5,800 patients were randomized to bivalirudin (n = 2,889) or heparin ± GPI (n = 2,911). 25572507 9 35 theme stent 2102:2106 arg1 rates 2119:2123 increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates 2078:2123 increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001) 2078:2184 Bivalirudin resulted in increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001), with nonsignificantly different rates of subacute stent thrombosis. 25572507 9 35 theme stent 2102:2106 arg1 h 2099:2099 <24 h 2095:2099 <24 h 2095:2099 Bivalirudin resulted in increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001), with nonsignificantly different rates of subacute stent thrombosis. 25572507 7 36 theme control 1567:1573 arg1 group 1575:1579 the control group 1563:1579 the control group 1563:1579 The radial approach was used in 21.3% of patients, prasugrel/ticagrelor was used in 18.1% of patients, and GPI was used in 84.8% of the control group. 25572507 8 37 theme revascularization 2002:2018 arg1 rates 1963:1967 nonsignificantly different rates 1936:1967 nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality 1936:2051 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 38 theme % 1717:1717 arg1 [CI 1739:1741 95% confidence interval [CI 1715:1741 4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI 1674:1741 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 1 39 dep bleeding 517:524 arg1 lower 511:515 lower 511:515 lower 511:515 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 8 40 theme % 1817:1817 arg1 CI 1819:1820 95% CI 1815:1820 RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71 1805:1834 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 1 41 theme primary 378:384 arg1 intervention 408:419 primary percutaneous coronary intervention 378:419 primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) 378:425 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 1 41 theme primary 378:384 arg1 PCI 422:424 PCI 422:424 PCI 422:424 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 8 42 theme interval 1730:1737 arg1 [CI 1739:1741 95% confidence interval [CI 1715:1741 4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI 1674:1741 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 0 43 from Bivalirudin 0:10 arg1 patients 79:86 patients 79:86 patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention 79:151 Bivalirudin versus heparin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: pooled patient-level analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX trials. 25572507 10 44 theme Composite 2255:2263 arg1 events 2286:2291 Composite net adverse clinical events 2255:2291 Composite net adverse clinical events 2255:2291 Composite net adverse clinical events were lower with bivalirudin (8.8% vs. 11.9%; RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.86; p < 0.0001). 25572507 10 45 dep RR 2338:2339 arg1 0.74 2342:2345 0.74 2342:2345 0.74 2342:2345 Composite net adverse clinical events were lower with bivalirudin (8.8% vs. 11.9%; RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.86; p < 0.0001). 25572507 10 45 dep RR 2338:2339 arg1 CI 2352:2353 95% CI 2348:2353 RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.86 2338:2367 Composite net adverse clinical events were lower with bivalirudin (8.8% vs. 11.9%; RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.86; p < 0.0001). 25572507 10 45 dep RR 2338:2339 arg1 0.86 2364:2367 0.86 2364:2367 0.86 2364:2367 Composite net adverse clinical events were lower with bivalirudin (8.8% vs. 11.9%; RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.86; p < 0.0001). 25572507 6 46 theme heparin 1404:1410 arg1 GPI 1414:1416 heparin ± GPI 1404:1416 heparin ± GPI (n = 2,911) 1404:1428 RESULTS A total of 5,800 patients were randomized to bivalirudin (n = 2,889) or heparin ± GPI (n = 2,911). 25572507 6 46 theme heparin 1404:1410 arg1 2,911 1423:1427 n = 2,911 1419:1427 n = 2,911 1419:1427 RESULTS A total of 5,800 patients were randomized to bivalirudin (n = 2,889) or heparin ± GPI (n = 2,911). 25572507 1 47 theme coronary 399:406 arg1 intervention 408:419 primary percutaneous coronary intervention 378:419 primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) 378:425 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 1 47 theme coronary 399:406 arg1 PCI 422:424 PCI 422:424 PCI 422:424 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 0 48 theme primary 110:116 arg1 intervention 140:151 primary percutaneous coronary intervention 110:151 primary percutaneous coronary intervention 110:151 Bivalirudin versus heparin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: pooled patient-level analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX trials. 25572507 13 49 theme Coronary 2972:2979 arg1 NCT00433966 2933:2943 NCT00433966 2933:2943 NCT00433966 2933:2943 (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723). 25572507 13 49 theme Coronary 2972:2979 arg1 [EUROMAX 3002:3009 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX 2947:3009 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX 2947:3009 (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723). 25572507 2 50 theme potent 708:713 arg1 inhibitors 721:730 potent P2Y12 inhibitors 708:730 potent P2Y12 inhibitors 708:730 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 12 51 theme primary 2569:2575 arg1 PCI 2577:2579 primary PCI 2569:2579 primary PCI with bivalirudin 2569:2596 CONCLUSIONS Despite increased acute stent thrombosis, primary PCI with bivalirudin improved 30-day net clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and transfusions compared with heparin ± GPI, results that were consistent with evolution in PCI technique and pharmacotherapy. 25572507 3 52 theme primary 1126:1132 arg1 PCI 1134:1136 primary PCI 1126:1136 primary PCI 1126:1136 OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to examine the outcomes of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI for primary PCI, given the evolution in primary PCI. 25572507 8 53 dep RR 1805:1806 arg1 0.71 1831:1834 0.71 1831:1834 0.71 1831:1834 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 53 dep RR 1805:1806 arg1 CI 1819:1820 95% CI 1815:1820 RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71 1805:1834 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 53 dep RR 1805:1806 arg1 0.48 1809:1812 0.48 1809:1812 0.48 1809:1812 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 2 54 theme ± 966:966 arg1 GPI 968:970 heparin ± GPI 958:970 heparin ± GPI 958:970 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 10 55 theme adverse 2269:2275 arg1 events 2286:2291 Composite net adverse clinical events 2255:2291 Composite net adverse clinical events 2255:2291 Composite net adverse clinical events were lower with bivalirudin (8.8% vs. 11.9%; RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.86; p < 0.0001). 25572507 1 56 theme glycoprotein 613:624 arg1 inhibitor 635:643 a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor 611:643 heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI) 601:649 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 10 57 dep lower 2298:2302 arg1 % 2325:2325 8.8% 2322:2325 8.8% 2322:2325 Composite net adverse clinical events were lower with bivalirudin (8.8% vs. 11.9%; RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.86; p < 0.0001). 25572507 10 57 dep lower 2298:2302 arg1 % 2335:2335 11.9% 2331:2335 11.9% 2331:2335 Composite net adverse clinical events were lower with bivalirudin (8.8% vs. 11.9%; RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.86; p < 0.0001). 25572507 1 58 theme Myocardial 322:331 arg1 Infarction 333:342 Acute Myocardial Infarction 316:342 Acute Myocardial Infarction 316:342 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 8 59 theme stroke 2021:2026 arg1 rates 1963:1967 nonsignificantly different rates 1936:1967 nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality 1936:2051 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 12 60 theme acute 2545:2549 arg1 thrombosis 2557:2566 increased acute stent thrombosis 2535:2566 increased acute stent thrombosis 2535:2566 CONCLUSIONS Despite increased acute stent thrombosis, primary PCI with bivalirudin improved 30-day net clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and transfusions compared with heparin ± GPI, results that were consistent with evolution in PCI technique and pharmacotherapy. 25572507 8 61 dep 0.97 1914:1917 arg1 to 1911:1912 to 1911:1912 to 1911:1912 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 13 62 theme Ambulance 2956:2964 arg1 NCT00433966 2933:2943 NCT00433966 2933:2943 NCT00433966 2933:2943 (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723). 25572507 13 62 theme Ambulance 2956:2964 arg1 [EUROMAX 3002:3009 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX 2947:3009 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX 2947:3009 (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723). 25572507 7 63 theme patients 1524:1531 arg1 % 1519:1519 18.1% 1515:1519 18.1% of patients 1515:1531 The radial approach was used in 21.3% of patients, prasugrel/ticagrelor was used in 18.1% of patients, and GPI was used in 84.8% of the control group. 25572507 7 63 theme patients 1524:1531 arg1 patients 1524:1531 patients 1524:1531 patients 1524:1531 The radial approach was used in 21.3% of patients, prasugrel/ticagrelor was used in 18.1% of patients, and GPI was used in 84.8% of the control group. 25572507 0 64 theme glycoprotein 43:54 arg1 inhibitors 65:74 glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors 43:74 glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors 43:74 Bivalirudin versus heparin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: pooled patient-level analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX trials. 25572507 8 65 theme mortality 2043:2051 arg1 rates 1963:1967 nonsignificantly different rates 1936:1967 nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality 1936:2051 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 4 66 from EUROMAX 1215:1221 arg1 Databases 1183:1191 METHODS Databases 1175:1191 METHODS Databases from HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX 1175:1221 METHODS Databases from HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX were pooled for patient-level analysis. 25572507 2 67 theme Acute 862:866 arg1 trial 899:903 the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial 830:903 the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial 830:903 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 2 67 theme Acute 862:866 arg1 Angiography 886:896 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography 843:896 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography 843:896 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 8 68 dep rates 1649:1653 arg1 p < 1759:1761 p < 0.0001 1759:1768 reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality 1634:2051 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 68 dep rates 1649:1653 arg1 % 1793:1793 1.4% vs. 2.9% 1790:1802 % 1793:1793 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 68 dep rates 1649:1653 arg1 % 1802:1802 1.4% vs. 2.9% 1790:1802 % 1802:1802 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 68 dep rates 1649:1653 arg1 rates 1649:1653 reduced 30-day rates 1634:1653 reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality 1634:2051 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 68 dep rates 1649:1653 arg1 mortality 1862:1870 cardiac mortality 1854:1870 cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03) 1854:1928 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 68 dep rates 1649:1653 arg1 thrombocytopenia 1772:1787 thrombocytopenia 1772:1787 thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002) 1772:1847 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 9 69 theme increased 2078:2086 arg1 rates 2119:2123 increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates 2078:2123 increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001) 2078:2184 Bivalirudin resulted in increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001), with nonsignificantly different rates of subacute stent thrombosis. 25572507 9 69 theme increased 2078:2086 arg1 h 2099:2099 <24 h 2095:2099 <24 h 2095:2099 Bivalirudin resulted in increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001), with nonsignificantly different rates of subacute stent thrombosis. 25572507 13 70 from Stents 2879:2884 arg1 Infarction 2906:2915 Acute Myocardial Infarction 2889:2915 Acute Myocardial Infarction 2889:2915 (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723). 25572507 1 71 theme HORIZONS-AMI 244:255 arg1 trial 345:349 the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial 240:349 the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial 240:349 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 9 72 theme subacute 2228:2235 arg1 thrombosis 2243:2252 subacute stent thrombosis 2228:2252 subacute stent thrombosis 2228:2252 Bivalirudin resulted in increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001), with nonsignificantly different rates of subacute stent thrombosis. 25572507 4 73 from HORIZONS-AMI 1198:1209 arg1 Databases 1183:1191 METHODS Databases 1175:1191 METHODS Databases from HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX 1175:1221 METHODS Databases from HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX were pooled for patient-level analysis. 25572507 2 74 theme European 843:850 arg1 trial 899:903 the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial 830:903 the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial 830:903 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 2 74 theme European 843:850 arg1 Angiography 886:896 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography 843:896 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography 843:896 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 1 75 theme acute 558:562 arg1 thrombosis 570:579 higher acute stent thrombosis 551:579 higher acute stent thrombosis rates 551:585 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 8 76 theme reduced 1634:1640 arg1 thrombocytopenia 1772:1787 thrombocytopenia 1772:1787 thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002) 1772:1847 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 76 theme reduced 1634:1640 arg1 rates 1649:1653 reduced 30-day rates 1634:1653 reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality 1634:2051 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 76 theme reduced 1634:1640 arg1 mortality 1862:1870 cardiac mortality 1854:1870 cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03) 1854:1928 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 1 77 theme Harmonizing 258:268 arg1 Outcomes 270:277 Harmonizing Outcomes 258:277 Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction 258:342 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 9 78 theme thrombosis 2243:2252 arg1 rates 2219:2223 nonsignificantly different rates 2192:2223 nonsignificantly different rates of subacute stent thrombosis 2192:2252 Bivalirudin resulted in increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001), with nonsignificantly different rates of subacute stent thrombosis. 25572507 0 79 dep Bivalirudin 0:10 arg1 analysis 175:182 pooled patient-level analysis 154:182 Bivalirudin versus heparin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: pooled patient-level analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX trials. 0:224 Bivalirudin versus heparin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: pooled patient-level analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX trials. 25572507 12 80 dep bleeding 2674:2681 arg1 GPI 2743:2745 compared with heparin ± GPI 2719:2745 compared with heparin ± GPI 2719:2745 CONCLUSIONS Despite increased acute stent thrombosis, primary PCI with bivalirudin improved 30-day net clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and transfusions compared with heparin ± GPI, results that were consistent with evolution in PCI technique and pharmacotherapy. 25572507 12 81 theme compared with 2719:2731 arg1 GPI 2743:2745 compared with heparin ± GPI 2719:2745 compared with heparin ± GPI 2719:2745 CONCLUSIONS Despite increased acute stent thrombosis, primary PCI with bivalirudin improved 30-day net clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and transfusions compared with heparin ± GPI, results that were consistent with evolution in PCI technique and pharmacotherapy. 25572507 1 82 theme thrombosis 570:579 arg1 rates 581:585 higher acute stent thrombosis rates 551:585 higher acute stent thrombosis rates 551:585 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 9 83 dep % 2129:2129 arg1 RR 2141:2142 RR 2141:2142 1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001 2126:2183 Bivalirudin resulted in increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001), with nonsignificantly different rates of subacute stent thrombosis. 25572507 9 83 dep % 2129:2129 arg1 p < 2174:2176 p < 0.0001 2174:2183 1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001 2126:2183 Bivalirudin resulted in increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001), with nonsignificantly different rates of subacute stent thrombosis. 25572507 9 83 dep % 2129:2129 arg1 14.31 2167:2171 14.31 2167:2171 14.31 2167:2171 Bivalirudin resulted in increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001), with nonsignificantly different rates of subacute stent thrombosis. 25572507 9 83 dep % 2129:2129 arg1 6.04 2145:2148 6.04 2145:2148 6.04 2145:2148 Bivalirudin resulted in increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001), with nonsignificantly different rates of subacute stent thrombosis. 25572507 9 83 dep % 2129:2129 arg1 % 2153:2153 95% CI 2151:2156 1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001 2126:2183 Bivalirudin resulted in increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001), with nonsignificantly different rates of subacute stent thrombosis. 25572507 2 84 theme Syndrome 877:884 arg1 trial 899:903 the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial 830:903 the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial 830:903 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 2 84 theme Syndrome 877:884 arg1 Angiography 886:896 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography 843:896 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography 843:896 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 12 85 theme ± 2741:2741 arg1 GPI 2743:2745 compared with heparin ± GPI 2719:2745 compared with heparin ± GPI 2719:2745 CONCLUSIONS Despite increased acute stent thrombosis, primary PCI with bivalirudin improved 30-day net clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and transfusions compared with heparin ± GPI, results that were consistent with evolution in PCI technique and pharmacotherapy. 25572507 0 86 with patients 79:86 arg1 STEMI 93:97 STEMI 93:97 STEMI 93:97 Bivalirudin versus heparin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: pooled patient-level analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX trials. 25572507 8 87 dep RR 1888:1889 arg1 p = 1920:1922 p = 0.03 1920:1927 RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03 1888:1927 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 87 dep RR 1888:1889 arg1 0.70 1892:1895 0.70 1892:1895 0.70 1892:1895 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 87 dep RR 1888:1889 arg1 % 1900:1900 95% CI 1898:1903 RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03 1888:1927 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 87 dep RR 1888:1889 arg1 0.97 1914:1917 0.97 1914:1917 0.97 1914:1917 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 3 88 dep bivalirudin 1089:1099 arg1 GPI 1118:1120 ± GPI 1116:1120 ± GPI 1116:1120 OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to examine the outcomes of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI for primary PCI, given the evolution in primary PCI. 25572507 1 89 gly glycoprotein 613:624 arg1 glycoprotein 613:624 a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor 611:643 heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI) 601:649 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 13 90 theme Acute 2889:2893 arg1 Infarction 2906:2915 Acute Myocardial Infarction 2889:2915 Acute Myocardial Infarction 2889:2915 (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723). 25572507 8 91 dep 0.66 1753:1756 arg1 to 1750:1751 to 1750:1751 to 1750:1751 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 92 theme ± 1616:1616 arg1 GPI 1618:1620 heparin ± GPI 1608:1620 heparin ± GPI 1608:1620 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 93 theme cardiac 1854:1860 arg1 rates 1649:1653 reduced 30-day rates 1634:1653 reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality 1634:2051 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 93 theme cardiac 1854:1860 arg1 mortality 1862:1870 cardiac mortality 1854:1870 cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03) 1854:1928 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 4 94 theme METHODS 1175:1181 arg1 Databases 1183:1191 METHODS Databases 1175:1191 METHODS Databases from HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX 1175:1221 METHODS Databases from HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX were pooled for patient-level analysis. 25572507 12 95 with consistent 2766:2775 arg1 evolution 2782:2790 evolution 2782:2790 evolution in PCI technique and pharmacotherapy 2782:2827 CONCLUSIONS Despite increased acute stent thrombosis, primary PCI with bivalirudin improved 30-day net clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and transfusions compared with heparin ± GPI, results that were consistent with evolution in PCI technique and pharmacotherapy. 25572507 2 96 theme Subsequent 652:661 arg1 changes 663:669 Subsequent changes 652:669 Subsequent changes 652:669 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 2 96 theme Subsequent 652:661 arg1 use 701:703 the use 697:703 the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors 697:730 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 2 96 theme Subsequent 652:661 arg1 administration 791:804 pre-hospital medication administration 767:804 pre-hospital medication administration 767:804 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 2 96 theme Subsequent 652:661 arg1 intervention 749:760 frequent radial intervention 733:760 frequent radial intervention 733:760 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 3 97 theme procedural 1057:1066 arg1 anticoagulation 1068:1082 procedural anticoagulation 1057:1082 procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI 1057:1120 OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to examine the outcomes of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI for primary PCI, given the evolution in primary PCI. 25572507 7 98 theme radial 1435:1440 arg1 approach 1442:1449 The radial approach 1431:1449 The radial approach 1431:1449 The radial approach was used in 21.3% of patients, prasugrel/ticagrelor was used in 18.1% of patients, and GPI was used in 84.8% of the control group. 25572507 2 99 theme EUROMAX 834:840 arg1 trial 899:903 the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial 830:903 the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial 830:903 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 2 99 theme EUROMAX 834:840 arg1 Angiography 886:896 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography 843:896 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography 843:896 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 7 100 used used 1455:1458 arg2 approach 1442:1449 The radial approach 1431:1449 The radial approach 1431:1449 The radial approach was used in 21.3% of patients, prasugrel/ticagrelor was used in 18.1% of patients, and GPI was used in 84.8% of the control group. 25572507 8 101 dep % 1876:1876 arg1 RR 1888:1889 RR 1888:1889 RR 1888:1889 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 0 102 theme pooled 154:159 arg1 analysis 175:182 pooled patient-level analysis 154:182 Bivalirudin versus heparin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: pooled patient-level analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX trials. 0:224 Bivalirudin versus heparin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: pooled patient-level analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX trials. 25572507 12 103 theme net 2614:2616 arg1 outcomes 2627:2634 30-day net clinical outcomes 2607:2634 30-day net clinical outcomes 2607:2634 CONCLUSIONS Despite increased acute stent thrombosis, primary PCI with bivalirudin improved 30-day net clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and transfusions compared with heparin ± GPI, results that were consistent with evolution in PCI technique and pharmacotherapy. 25572507 12 104 with PCI 2577:2579 arg1 bivalirudin 2586:2596 bivalirudin 2586:2596 bivalirudin 2586:2596 CONCLUSIONS Despite increased acute stent thrombosis, primary PCI with bivalirudin improved 30-day net clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and transfusions compared with heparin ± GPI, results that were consistent with evolution in PCI technique and pharmacotherapy. 25572507 1 105 dep HORIZONS-AMI 244:255 arg1 Outcomes 270:277 Harmonizing Outcomes 258:277 Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction 258:342 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 2 106 theme radial 742:747 arg1 intervention 749:760 frequent radial intervention 733:760 frequent radial intervention 733:760 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 9 107 dep 14.31 2167:2171 arg1 to 2164:2165 to 2164:2165 to 2164:2165 Bivalirudin resulted in increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001), with nonsignificantly different rates of subacute stent thrombosis. 25572507 1 108 theme elevation 442:450 arg1 infarction 463:472 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 431:472 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin 431:505 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 1 108 theme elevation 442:450 arg1 STEMI 475:479 STEMI 475:479 STEMI 475:479 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 8 109 theme risk 1698:1701 arg1 [RR 1703:1705 relative risk [RR]: 0.53 1689:1712 4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI 1674:1741 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 10 110 theme % 2350:2350 arg1 CI 2352:2353 95% CI 2348:2353 RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.86 2338:2367 Composite net adverse clinical events were lower with bivalirudin (8.8% vs. 11.9%; RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.86; p < 0.0001). 25572507 7 111 theme group 1575:1579 arg1 group 1575:1579 the control group 1563:1579 the control group 1563:1579 The radial approach was used in 21.3% of patients, prasugrel/ticagrelor was used in 18.1% of patients, and GPI was used in 84.8% of the control group. 25572507 7 111 theme group 1575:1579 arg1 % 1558:1558 84.8% 1554:1558 84.8% of the control group 1554:1579 The radial approach was used in 21.3% of patients, prasugrel/ticagrelor was used in 18.1% of patients, and GPI was used in 84.8% of the control group. 25572507 10 112 theme 95 2348:2349 arg1 % 2350:2350 % 2350:2350 % 2350:2350 Composite net adverse clinical events were lower with bivalirudin (8.8% vs. 11.9%; RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.86; p < 0.0001). 25572507 12 113 dep CONCLUSIONS 2515:2525 arg1 improved 2598:2605 improved 2598:2605 improved 2598:2605 CONCLUSIONS Despite increased acute stent thrombosis, primary PCI with bivalirudin improved 30-day net clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and transfusions compared with heparin ± GPI, results that were consistent with evolution in PCI technique and pharmacotherapy. 25572507 11 114 theme significant 2396:2406 arg1 heterogeneity 2408:2420 no significant heterogeneity 2393:2420 no significant heterogeneity between the 2 trials for these outcomes 2393:2460 There was no significant heterogeneity between the 2 trials for these outcomes, and results were consistent across major subgroups. 25572507 8 115 theme reinfarction 1972:1983 arg1 rates 1963:1967 nonsignificantly different rates 1936:1967 nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality 1936:2051 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 2 116 theme pre-hospital 767:778 arg1 administration 791:804 pre-hospital medication administration 767:804 pre-hospital medication administration 767:804 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 8 117 theme ischemia-driven 1986:2000 arg1 revascularization 2002:2018 ischemia-driven revascularization 1986:2018 ischemia-driven revascularization 1986:2018 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 5 118 theme Breslow-Day 1267:1277 arg1 test 1279:1282 The Breslow-Day test 1263:1282 The Breslow-Day test 1263:1282 The Breslow-Day test evaluated heterogeneity between trials. 25572507 3 119 theme ± 1116:1116 arg1 GPI 1118:1120 ± GPI 1116:1120 ± GPI 1116:1120 OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to examine the outcomes of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI for primary PCI, given the evolution in primary PCI. 25572507 11 120 theme major 2498:2502 arg1 subgroups 2504:2512 major subgroups 2498:2512 major subgroups 2498:2512 There was no significant heterogeneity between the 2 trials for these outcomes, and results were consistent across major subgroups. 25572507 8 121 dep % 1793:1793 arg1 0.0002 1841:1846 p = 0.0002 1837:1846 p = 0.0002 1837:1846 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 121 dep % 1793:1793 arg1 RR 1805:1806 RR 1805:1806 RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71 1805:1834 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 12 122 theme PCI 2795:2797 arg1 technique 2799:2807 PCI technique 2795:2807 PCI technique 2795:2807 CONCLUSIONS Despite increased acute stent thrombosis, primary PCI with bivalirudin improved 30-day net clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and transfusions compared with heparin ± GPI, results that were consistent with evolution in PCI technique and pharmacotherapy. 25572507 6 123 theme ± 1412:1412 arg1 GPI 1414:1416 heparin ± GPI 1404:1416 heparin ± GPI (n = 2,911) 1404:1428 RESULTS A total of 5,800 patients were randomized to bivalirudin (n = 2,889) or heparin ± GPI (n = 2,911). 25572507 6 123 theme ± 1412:1412 arg1 2,911 1423:1427 n = 2,911 1419:1427 n = 2,911 1419:1427 RESULTS A total of 5,800 patients were randomized to bivalirudin (n = 2,889) or heparin ± GPI (n = 2,911). 25572507 1 124 theme percutaneous 386:397 arg1 intervention 408:419 primary percutaneous coronary intervention 378:419 primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) 378:425 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 1 124 theme percutaneous 386:397 arg1 PCI 422:424 PCI 422:424 PCI 422:424 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 8 125 theme confidence 1719:1728 arg1 [CI 1739:1741 95% confidence interval [CI 1715:1741 4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI 1674:1741 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 3 126 from evolution 1149:1157 arg1 PCI 1170:1172 primary PCI 1162:1172 primary PCI 1162:1172 OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to examine the outcomes of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI for primary PCI, given the evolution in primary PCI. 25572507 13 127 with Outcomes 2843:2850 arg1 Stents 2879:2884 Stents 2879:2884 Stents 2879:2884 (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723). 25572507 13 127 with Outcomes 2843:2850 arg1 RevasculariZatiON 2857:2873 RevasculariZatiON 2857:2873 RevasculariZatiON 2857:2873 (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723). 25572507 7 128 used used 1546:1549 arg2 GPI 1538:1540 GPI 1538:1540 GPI 1538:1540 The radial approach was used in 21.3% of patients, prasugrel/ticagrelor was used in 18.1% of patients, and GPI was used in 84.8% of the control group. 25572507 0 129 theme percutaneous 118:129 arg1 intervention 140:151 primary percutaneous coronary intervention 110:151 primary percutaneous coronary intervention 110:151 Bivalirudin versus heparin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: pooled patient-level analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX trials. 25572507 13 130 theme Acute 2966:2970 arg1 NCT00433966 2933:2943 NCT00433966 2933:2943 NCT00433966 2933:2943 (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723). 25572507 13 130 theme Acute 2966:2970 arg1 [EUROMAX 3002:3009 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX 2947:3009 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX 2947:3009 (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723). 25572507 2 131 theme P2Y12 715:719 arg1 inhibitors 721:730 potent P2Y12 inhibitors 708:730 potent P2Y12 inhibitors 708:730 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 12 132 theme stent 2551:2555 arg1 thrombosis 2557:2566 increased acute stent thrombosis 2535:2566 increased acute stent thrombosis 2535:2566 CONCLUSIONS Despite increased acute stent thrombosis, primary PCI with bivalirudin improved 30-day net clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and transfusions compared with heparin ± GPI, results that were consistent with evolution in PCI technique and pharmacotherapy. 25572507 13 133 theme Syndrome 2981:2988 arg1 NCT00433966 2933:2943 NCT00433966 2933:2943 NCT00433966 2933:2943 (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723). 25572507 13 133 theme Syndrome 2981:2988 arg1 [EUROMAX 3002:3009 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX 2947:3009 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX 2947:3009 (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723). 25572507 0 134 from trials 218:223 arg1 analysis 175:182 pooled patient-level analysis 154:182 Bivalirudin versus heparin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: pooled patient-level analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX trials. 0:224 Bivalirudin versus heparin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: pooled patient-level analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX trials. 25572507 10 135 theme clinical 2277:2284 arg1 events 2286:2291 Composite net adverse clinical events 2255:2291 Composite net adverse clinical events 2255:2291 Composite net adverse clinical events were lower with bivalirudin (8.8% vs. 11.9%; RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.86; p < 0.0001). 25572507 12 136 from reductions 2654:2663 arg1 thrombocytopenia 2684:2699 thrombocytopenia 2684:2699 thrombocytopenia 2684:2699 CONCLUSIONS Despite increased acute stent thrombosis, primary PCI with bivalirudin improved 30-day net clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and transfusions compared with heparin ± GPI, results that were consistent with evolution in PCI technique and pharmacotherapy. 25572507 12 136 from reductions 2654:2663 arg1 transfusions 2706:2717 transfusions 2706:2717 transfusions 2706:2717 CONCLUSIONS Despite increased acute stent thrombosis, primary PCI with bivalirudin improved 30-day net clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and transfusions compared with heparin ± GPI, results that were consistent with evolution in PCI technique and pharmacotherapy. 25572507 12 136 from reductions 2654:2663 arg1 bleeding 2674:2681 bleeding 2674:2681 bleeding 2674:2681 CONCLUSIONS Despite increased acute stent thrombosis, primary PCI with bivalirudin improved 30-day net clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and transfusions compared with heparin ± GPI, results that were consistent with evolution in PCI technique and pharmacotherapy. 25572507 10 137 dep % 2325:2325 arg1 RR 2338:2339 RR 2338:2339 RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.86 2338:2367 Composite net adverse clinical events were lower with bivalirudin (8.8% vs. 11.9%; RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.86; p < 0.0001). 25572507 10 137 dep % 2325:2325 arg1 p < 2370:2372 p < 0.0001 2370:2379 p < 0.0001 2370:2379 Composite net adverse clinical events were lower with bivalirudin (8.8% vs. 11.9%; RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.86; p < 0.0001). 25572507 3 138 with anticoagulation 1068:1082 arg1 heparin 1108:1114 heparin 1108:1114 heparin 1108:1114 OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to examine the outcomes of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI for primary PCI, given the evolution in primary PCI. 25572507 3 138 with anticoagulation 1068:1082 arg1 bivalirudin 1089:1099 bivalirudin 1089:1099 bivalirudin 1089:1099 OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to examine the outcomes of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI for primary PCI, given the evolution in primary PCI. 25572507 2 139 theme heparin 958:964 arg1 GPI 968:970 heparin ± GPI 958:970 heparin ± GPI 958:970 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 10 140 theme net 2265:2267 arg1 events 2286:2291 Composite net adverse clinical events 2255:2291 Composite net adverse clinical events 2255:2291 Composite net adverse clinical events were lower with bivalirudin (8.8% vs. 11.9%; RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.86; p < 0.0001). 25572507 1 141 theme IIb/IIIa 626:633 arg1 inhibitor 635:643 a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor 611:643 heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI) 601:649 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 13 142 theme European 2947:2954 arg1 NCT00433966 2933:2943 NCT00433966 2933:2943 NCT00433966 2933:2943 (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723). 25572507 13 142 theme European 2947:2954 arg1 [EUROMAX 3002:3009 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX 2947:3009 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX 2947:3009 (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723). 25572507 13 143 from RevasculariZatiON 2857:2873 arg1 Infarction 2906:2915 Acute Myocardial Infarction 2889:2915 Acute Myocardial Infarction 2889:2915 (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723). 25572507 2 144 from changes 663:669 arg1 PCI 682:684 primary PCI 674:684 primary PCI 674:684 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 1 145 theme mortality 530:538 arg1 rates 540:544 lower bleeding and mortality rates 511:544 rates 540:544 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 12 146 theme increased 2535:2543 arg1 thrombosis 2557:2566 increased acute stent thrombosis 2535:2566 increased acute stent thrombosis 2535:2566 CONCLUSIONS Despite increased acute stent thrombosis, primary PCI with bivalirudin improved 30-day net clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and transfusions compared with heparin ± GPI, results that were consistent with evolution in PCI technique and pharmacotherapy. 25572507 0 147 theme IIb/IIIa 56:63 arg1 inhibitors 65:74 glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors 43:74 glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors 43:74 Bivalirudin versus heparin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: pooled patient-level analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX trials. 25572507 9 148 theme different 2209:2217 arg1 rates 2219:2223 nonsignificantly different rates 2192:2223 nonsignificantly different rates of subacute stent thrombosis 2192:2252 Bivalirudin resulted in increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001), with nonsignificantly different rates of subacute stent thrombosis. 25572507 1 149 dep heparin + 601:609 arg1 inhibitor 635:643 a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor 611:643 heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI) 601:649 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 9 150 dep rates 2119:2123 arg1 % 2129:2129 1.2% vs. 0.2% 2126:2138 % 2129:2129 Bivalirudin resulted in increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001), with nonsignificantly different rates of subacute stent thrombosis. 25572507 9 150 dep rates 2119:2123 arg1 % 2138:2138 1.2% vs. 0.2% 2126:2138 % 2138:2138 Bivalirudin resulted in increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001), with nonsignificantly different rates of subacute stent thrombosis. 25572507 1 151 contain had 507:509 arg1 patients 358:365 3,602 patients 352:365 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin 352:505 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 1 151 contain had 507:509 arg2 bleeding 517:524 bleeding 517:524 bleeding 517:524 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 1 151 contain had 507:509 arg2 rates 540:544 lower bleeding and mortality rates 511:544 rates 540:544 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 2 152 theme primary 979:985 arg1 PCI 987:989 primary PCI 979:989 primary PCI 979:989 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 8 153 dep % 1677:1677 arg1 [CI 1739:1741 95% confidence interval [CI 1715:1741 4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI 1674:1741 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 153 dep % 1677:1677 arg1 [RR 1703:1705 relative risk [RR]: 0.53 1689:1712 4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI 1674:1741 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 3 154 theme primary 1162:1168 arg1 PCI 1170:1172 primary PCI 1162:1172 primary PCI 1162:1172 OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to examine the outcomes of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI for primary PCI, given the evolution in primary PCI. 25572507 8 155 theme all-cause 2033:2041 arg1 mortality 2043:2051 all-cause mortality 2033:2051 all-cause mortality 2033:2051 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 2 156 theme Ambulance 852:860 arg1 trial 899:903 the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial 830:903 the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial 830:903 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 2 156 theme Ambulance 852:860 arg1 Angiography 886:896 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography 843:896 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography 843:896 Subsequent changes in primary PCI, including the use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors, frequent radial intervention, and pre-hospital medication administration, were incorporated into the EUROMAX (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography) trial, which assigned 2,218 patients to bivalirudin versus heparin ± GPI before primary PCI. 25572507 8 157 with rates 1649:1653 arg1 rates 1963:1967 nonsignificantly different rates 1936:1967 nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality 1936:2051 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 158 dep bleeding 1664:1671 arg1 % 1677:1677 4.2% vs. 7.8% 1674:1686 % 1677:1677 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 158 dep bleeding 1664:1671 arg1 % 1686:1686 4.2% vs. 7.8% 1674:1686 % 1686:1686 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 158 dep bleeding 1664:1671 arg1 0.66 1753:1756 0.66 1753:1756 0.66 1753:1756 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 1 159 theme higher 551:556 arg1 thrombosis 570:579 higher acute stent thrombosis 551:579 higher acute stent thrombosis rates 551:585 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 9 160 theme acute 2088:2092 arg1 rates 2119:2123 increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates 2078:2123 increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001) 2078:2184 Bivalirudin resulted in increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001), with nonsignificantly different rates of subacute stent thrombosis. 25572507 9 160 theme acute 2088:2092 arg1 h 2099:2099 <24 h 2095:2099 <24 h 2095:2099 Bivalirudin resulted in increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001), with nonsignificantly different rates of subacute stent thrombosis. 25572507 8 161 theme 30-day 1642:1647 arg1 thrombocytopenia 1772:1787 thrombocytopenia 1772:1787 thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002) 1772:1847 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 161 theme 30-day 1642:1647 arg1 rates 1649:1653 reduced 30-day rates 1634:1653 reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality 1634:2051 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 8 161 theme 30-day 1642:1647 arg1 mortality 1862:1870 cardiac mortality 1854:1870 cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03) 1854:1928 Bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI resulted in reduced 30-day rates of major bleeding (4.2% vs. 7.8%; relative risk [RR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia (1.4% vs. 2.9%, RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.71; p = 0.0002), and cardiac mortality (2.0% vs. 2.9%; RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.97; p = 0.03), with nonsignificantly different rates of reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stroke, and all-cause mortality. 25572507 9 162 theme stent 2237:2241 arg1 thrombosis 2243:2252 subacute stent thrombosis 2228:2252 subacute stent thrombosis 2228:2252 Bivalirudin resulted in increased acute (<24 h) stent thrombosis rates (1.2% vs. 0.2%; RR: 6.04; 95% CI: 2.55 to 14.31; p < 0.0001), with nonsignificantly different rates of subacute stent thrombosis. 25572507 0 163 gly glycoprotein 43:54 arg1 glycoprotein 43:54 glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors 43:74 glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors 43:74 Bivalirudin versus heparin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: pooled patient-level analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX trials. 25572507 1 164 with Outcomes 270:277 arg1 RevasculariZatiON 284:300 RevasculariZatiON 284:300 RevasculariZatiON 284:300 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 1 164 with Outcomes 270:277 arg1 Stents 306:311 Stents 306:311 Stents 306:311 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 13 165 dep Outcomes 2843:2850 arg1 NCT00433966 2933:2943 NCT00433966 2933:2943 NCT00433966 2933:2943 (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723). 25572507 13 165 dep Outcomes 2843:2850 arg1 [EUROMAX 3002:3009 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX 2947:3009 European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX 2947:3009 (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723). 25572507 13 165 dep Outcomes 2843:2850 arg1 NCT01087723 3013:3023 NCT01087723 3013:3023 NCT01087723 3013:3023 (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction [HORIZONS-AMI]; NCT00433966) (European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography [EUROMAX]; NCT01087723). 25572507 7 166 used used 1507:1510 arg2 prasugrel/ticagrelor 1482:1501 prasugrel/ticagrelor 1482:1501 prasugrel/ticagrelor 1482:1501 The radial approach was used in 21.3% of patients, prasugrel/ticagrelor was used in 18.1% of patients, and GPI was used in 84.8% of the control group. 25572507 12 167 theme heparin 2733:2739 arg1 GPI 2743:2745 compared with heparin ± GPI 2719:2745 compared with heparin ± GPI 2719:2745 CONCLUSIONS Despite increased acute stent thrombosis, primary PCI with bivalirudin improved 30-day net clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and transfusions compared with heparin ± GPI, results that were consistent with evolution in PCI technique and pharmacotherapy. 25572507 1 168 dep BACKGROUND 226:235 arg1 trial 345:349 the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial 240:349 the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial 240:349 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 25572507 1 169 theme stent 564:568 arg1 thrombosis 570:579 higher acute stent thrombosis 551:579 higher acute stent thrombosis rates 551:585 BACKGROUND In the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, 3,602 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with bivalirudin had lower bleeding and mortality rates, but higher acute stent thrombosis rates compared with heparin + a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 28982051 5 0 theme antibody 851:858 arg1 response 860:867 the anti-TNF antibody response 838:867 the anti-TNF antibody response 838:867 The strength of the anti-TNF antibody response could be tuned by adjusting the epitope content in the nanofibers, and the T-cell response was focused on exogenous and non-autoreactive T-cell epitopes. 28982051 2 1 theme T 415:415 arg1 responses 422:430 strong T cell responses 408:430 strong T cell responses that could lead to autoimmune reactions 408:470 The challenge in such an approach is generating protective and adjustable levels of therapeutic antibodies while at the same time avoiding strong T cell responses that could lead to autoimmune reactions. 28982051 4 2 from responses 780:788 arg1 mice 816:819 mice 816:819 mice 816:819 Immunization with these materials, without additional adjuvants, was able to break B cell tolerance and raise protective antibody responses against autologous TNF in mice. 28982051 5 3 theme response 860:867 arg1 strength 826:833 The strength 822:833 The strength of the anti-TNF antibody response 822:867 The strength of the anti-TNF antibody response could be tuned by adjusting the epitope content in the nanofibers, and the T-cell response was focused on exogenous and non-autoreactive T-cell epitopes. 28982051 2 4 theme strong 408:413 arg1 responses 422:430 strong T cell responses 408:430 strong T cell responses that could lead to autoimmune reactions 408:470 The challenge in such an approach is generating protective and adjustable levels of therapeutic antibodies while at the same time avoiding strong T cell responses that could lead to autoimmune reactions. 28982051 6 5 theme lethal 1094:1099 arg1 model 1101:1105 a lethal model 1092:1105 a lethal model of acute inflammation induced by intraperitoneally delivered lipopolysaccharide 1092:1185 Immunization with unadjuvanted peptide nanofibers was therapeutic in a lethal model of acute inflammation induced by intraperitoneally delivered lipopolysaccharide, whereas formulations adjuvanted with CpG showed comparatively poorer protection that correlated with a more Th1-polarized response. 28982051 7 6 theme peptide 1352:1358 arg1 nanofibers 1360:1369 peptide nanofibers 1352:1369 peptide nanofibers 1352:1369 Additionally, immunization with peptide nanofibers did not diminish the ability of mice to clear infections of Listeria monocytogenes. 28982051 3 7 theme supramolecular 615:628 arg1 nanofibers 638:647 supramolecular peptide nanofibers 615:647 supramolecular peptide nanofibers 615:647 Here we demonstrate the design of an active immunotherapy against TNF-mediated inflammation using short synthetic peptides that assemble into supramolecular peptide nanofibers. 28982051 6 8 with Immunization 1023:1034 arg1 nanofibers 1062:1071 unadjuvanted peptide nanofibers 1041:1071 unadjuvanted peptide nanofibers 1041:1071 Immunization with unadjuvanted peptide nanofibers was therapeutic in a lethal model of acute inflammation induced by intraperitoneally delivered lipopolysaccharide, whereas formulations adjuvanted with CpG showed comparatively poorer protection that correlated with a more Th1-polarized response. 28982051 4 9 with Immunization 650:661 arg1 materials 674:682 these materials 668:682 these materials 668:682 Immunization with these materials, without additional adjuvants, was able to break B cell tolerance and raise protective antibody responses against autologous TNF in mice. 28982051 8 10 theme self-assembled 1502:1515 arg1 peptides 1517:1524 synthetic self-assembled peptides 1492:1524 synthetic self-assembled peptides 1492:1524 Collectively this work suggests that synthetic self-assembled peptides can be attractive platforms for active immunotherapies against autologous targets. 28982051 3 11 theme peptide 630:636 arg1 nanofibers 638:647 supramolecular peptide nanofibers 615:647 supramolecular peptide nanofibers 615:647 Here we demonstrate the design of an active immunotherapy against TNF-mediated inflammation using short synthetic peptides that assemble into supramolecular peptide nanofibers. 28982051 6 12 theme poorer 1250:1255 arg1 protection 1257:1266 comparatively poorer protection 1236:1266 comparatively poorer protection that correlated with a more Th1-polarized response 1236:1317 Immunization with unadjuvanted peptide nanofibers was therapeutic in a lethal model of acute inflammation induced by intraperitoneally delivered lipopolysaccharide, whereas formulations adjuvanted with CpG showed comparatively poorer protection that correlated with a more Th1-polarized response. 28982051 5 13 from content 909:915 arg1 nanofibers 924:933 the nanofibers 920:933 the nanofibers 920:933 The strength of the anti-TNF antibody response could be tuned by adjusting the epitope content in the nanofibers, and the T-cell response was focused on exogenous and non-autoreactive T-cell epitopes. 28982051 3 14 theme immunotherapy 517:529 arg1 design 497:502 the design 493:502 the design of an active immunotherapy against TNF-mediated inflammation using short synthetic peptides that assemble into supramolecular peptide nanofibers 493:647 Here we demonstrate the design of an active immunotherapy against TNF-mediated inflammation using short synthetic peptides that assemble into supramolecular peptide nanofibers. 28982051 1 15 theme Active 92:97 arg1 immunotherapies 99:113 Active immunotherapies 92:113 Active immunotherapies raising antibody responses against autologous targets 92:167 Active immunotherapies raising antibody responses against autologous targets are receiving increasing interest as alternatives to the administration of manufactured antibodies. 28982051 2 16 from challenge 273:281 arg1 approach 294:301 such an approach 286:301 such an approach 286:301 The challenge in such an approach is generating protective and adjustable levels of therapeutic antibodies while at the same time avoiding strong T cell responses that could lead to autoimmune reactions. 28982051 6 17 theme delivered 1158:1166 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 1168:1185 intraperitoneally delivered lipopolysaccharide 1140:1185 intraperitoneally delivered lipopolysaccharide 1140:1185 Immunization with unadjuvanted peptide nanofibers was therapeutic in a lethal model of acute inflammation induced by intraperitoneally delivered lipopolysaccharide, whereas formulations adjuvanted with CpG showed comparatively poorer protection that correlated with a more Th1-polarized response. 28982051 5 18 theme exogenous 975:983 arg1 epitopes 1013:1020 exogenous and non-autoreactive T-cell epitopes 975:1020 exogenous and non-autoreactive T-cell epitopes 975:1020 The strength of the anti-TNF antibody response could be tuned by adjusting the epitope content in the nanofibers, and the T-cell response was focused on exogenous and non-autoreactive T-cell epitopes. 28982051 6 19 theme inflammation 1116:1127 arg1 model 1101:1105 a lethal model 1092:1105 a lethal model of acute inflammation induced by intraperitoneally delivered lipopolysaccharide 1092:1185 Immunization with unadjuvanted peptide nanofibers was therapeutic in a lethal model of acute inflammation induced by intraperitoneally delivered lipopolysaccharide, whereas formulations adjuvanted with CpG showed comparatively poorer protection that correlated with a more Th1-polarized response. 28982051 4 20 theme cell 735:738 arg1 tolerance 740:748 B cell tolerance 733:748 B cell tolerance 733:748 Immunization with these materials, without additional adjuvants, was able to break B cell tolerance and raise protective antibody responses against autologous TNF in mice. 28982051 6 21 theme peptide 1054:1060 arg1 nanofibers 1062:1071 unadjuvanted peptide nanofibers 1041:1071 unadjuvanted peptide nanofibers 1041:1071 Immunization with unadjuvanted peptide nanofibers was therapeutic in a lethal model of acute inflammation induced by intraperitoneally delivered lipopolysaccharide, whereas formulations adjuvanted with CpG showed comparatively poorer protection that correlated with a more Th1-polarized response. 28982051 6 22 from model 1101:1105 arg1 therapeutic 1077:1087 therapeutic 1077:1087 therapeutic 1077:1087 Immunization with unadjuvanted peptide nanofibers was therapeutic in a lethal model of acute inflammation induced by intraperitoneally delivered lipopolysaccharide, whereas formulations adjuvanted with CpG showed comparatively poorer protection that correlated with a more Th1-polarized response. 28982051 6 23 theme Th1-polarized 1296:1308 arg1 response 1310:1317 a more Th1-polarized response 1289:1317 a more Th1-polarized response 1289:1317 Immunization with unadjuvanted peptide nanofibers was therapeutic in a lethal model of acute inflammation induced by intraperitoneally delivered lipopolysaccharide, whereas formulations adjuvanted with CpG showed comparatively poorer protection that correlated with a more Th1-polarized response. 28982051 5 24 theme T-cell 944:949 arg1 response 951:958 the T-cell response 940:958 the T-cell response 940:958 The strength of the anti-TNF antibody response could be tuned by adjusting the epitope content in the nanofibers, and the T-cell response was focused on exogenous and non-autoreactive T-cell epitopes. 28982051 0 25 theme Active 0:5 arg1 immunotherapy 7:19 Active immunotherapy 0:19 Active immunotherapy for TNF-mediated inflammation 0:49 Active immunotherapy for TNF-mediated inflammation using self-assembled peptide nanofibers. 28982051 1 26 theme antibody 123:130 arg1 responses 132:140 antibody responses 123:140 antibody responses 123:140 Active immunotherapies raising antibody responses against autologous targets are receiving increasing interest as alternatives to the administration of manufactured antibodies. 28982051 7 27 theme monocytogenes 1440:1452 arg1 infections 1417:1426 clear infections 1411:1426 clear infections of Listeria monocytogenes 1411:1452 Additionally, immunization with peptide nanofibers did not diminish the ability of mice to clear infections of Listeria monocytogenes. 28982051 0 28 theme TNF-mediated 25:36 arg1 inflammation 38:49 TNF-mediated inflammation 25:49 TNF-mediated inflammation 25:49 Active immunotherapy for TNF-mediated inflammation using self-assembled peptide nanofibers. 28982051 2 29 theme antibodies 365:374 arg1 levels 343:348 generating protective and adjustable levels 306:348 generating protective and adjustable levels of therapeutic antibodies 306:374 The challenge in such an approach is generating protective and adjustable levels of therapeutic antibodies while at the same time avoiding strong T cell responses that could lead to autoimmune reactions. 28982051 2 29 theme antibodies 365:374 arg1 challenge 273:281 The challenge 269:281 The challenge in such an approach 269:301 The challenge in such an approach is generating protective and adjustable levels of therapeutic antibodies while at the same time avoiding strong T cell responses that could lead to autoimmune reactions. 28982051 1 30 theme manufactured 244:255 arg1 antibodies 257:266 manufactured antibodies 244:266 manufactured antibodies 244:266 Active immunotherapies raising antibody responses against autologous targets are receiving increasing interest as alternatives to the administration of manufactured antibodies. 28982051 8 31 theme attractive 1533:1542 arg1 platforms 1544:1552 attractive platforms 1533:1552 attractive platforms for active immunotherapies against autologous targets 1533:1606 Collectively this work suggests that synthetic self-assembled peptides can be attractive platforms for active immunotherapies against autologous targets. 28982051 2 32 theme adjustable 332:341 arg1 levels 343:348 generating protective and adjustable levels 306:348 generating protective and adjustable levels of therapeutic antibodies 306:374 The challenge in such an approach is generating protective and adjustable levels of therapeutic antibodies while at the same time avoiding strong T cell responses that could lead to autoimmune reactions. 28982051 2 32 theme adjustable 332:341 arg1 challenge 273:281 The challenge 269:281 The challenge in such an approach 269:301 The challenge in such an approach is generating protective and adjustable levels of therapeutic antibodies while at the same time avoiding strong T cell responses that could lead to autoimmune reactions. 28982051 2 33 theme therapeutic 353:363 arg1 antibodies 365:374 therapeutic antibodies 353:374 therapeutic antibodies 353:374 The challenge in such an approach is generating protective and adjustable levels of therapeutic antibodies while at the same time avoiding strong T cell responses that could lead to autoimmune reactions. 28982051 1 34 theme antibodies 257:266 arg1 administration 226:239 the administration 222:239 the administration of manufactured antibodies 222:266 Active immunotherapies raising antibody responses against autologous targets are receiving increasing interest as alternatives to the administration of manufactured antibodies. 28982051 3 35 theme short 571:575 arg1 peptides 587:594 short synthetic peptides 571:594 short synthetic peptides that assemble into supramolecular peptide nanofibers 571:647 Here we demonstrate the design of an active immunotherapy against TNF-mediated inflammation using short synthetic peptides that assemble into supramolecular peptide nanofibers. 28982051 5 36 theme non-autoreactive 989:1004 arg1 epitopes 1013:1020 exogenous and non-autoreactive T-cell epitopes 975:1020 exogenous and non-autoreactive T-cell epitopes 975:1020 The strength of the anti-TNF antibody response could be tuned by adjusting the epitope content in the nanofibers, and the T-cell response was focused on exogenous and non-autoreactive T-cell epitopes. 28982051 6 37 from therapeutic 1077:1087 arg1 model 1101:1105 a lethal model 1092:1105 a lethal model of acute inflammation induced by intraperitoneally delivered lipopolysaccharide 1092:1185 Immunization with unadjuvanted peptide nanofibers was therapeutic in a lethal model of acute inflammation induced by intraperitoneally delivered lipopolysaccharide, whereas formulations adjuvanted with CpG showed comparatively poorer protection that correlated with a more Th1-polarized response. 28982051 7 38 theme mice 1403:1406 arg1 ability 1392:1398 the ability 1388:1398 the ability of mice to clear infections of Listeria monocytogenes 1388:1452 Additionally, immunization with peptide nanofibers did not diminish the ability of mice to clear infections of Listeria monocytogenes. 28982051 7 39 with immunization 1334:1345 arg1 nanofibers 1360:1369 peptide nanofibers 1352:1369 peptide nanofibers 1352:1369 Additionally, immunization with peptide nanofibers did not diminish the ability of mice to clear infections of Listeria monocytogenes. 28982051 4 40 theme B 733:733 arg1 tolerance 740:748 B cell tolerance 733:748 B cell tolerance 733:748 Immunization with these materials, without additional adjuvants, was able to break B cell tolerance and raise protective antibody responses against autologous TNF in mice. 28982051 4 41 theme antibody 771:778 arg1 responses 780:788 protective antibody responses 760:788 protective antibody responses against autologous TNF in mice 760:819 Immunization with these materials, without additional adjuvants, was able to break B cell tolerance and raise protective antibody responses against autologous TNF in mice. 28982051 6 42 theme unadjuvanted 1041:1052 arg1 nanofibers 1062:1071 unadjuvanted peptide nanofibers 1041:1071 unadjuvanted peptide nanofibers 1041:1071 Immunization with unadjuvanted peptide nanofibers was therapeutic in a lethal model of acute inflammation induced by intraperitoneally delivered lipopolysaccharide, whereas formulations adjuvanted with CpG showed comparatively poorer protection that correlated with a more Th1-polarized response. 28982051 5 43 theme epitope 901:907 arg1 content 909:915 the epitope content 897:915 the epitope content in the nanofibers 897:933 The strength of the anti-TNF antibody response could be tuned by adjusting the epitope content in the nanofibers, and the T-cell response was focused on exogenous and non-autoreactive T-cell epitopes. 28982051 2 44 theme autoimmune 451:460 arg1 reactions 462:470 autoimmune reactions 451:470 autoimmune reactions 451:470 The challenge in such an approach is generating protective and adjustable levels of therapeutic antibodies while at the same time avoiding strong T cell responses that could lead to autoimmune reactions. 28982051 0 45 theme peptide 72:78 arg1 nanofibers 80:89 self-assembled peptide nanofibers 57:89 self-assembled peptide nanofibers 57:89 Active immunotherapy for TNF-mediated inflammation using self-assembled peptide nanofibers. 28982051 1 46 theme autologous 150:159 arg1 targets 161:167 autologous targets 150:167 autologous targets 150:167 Active immunotherapies raising antibody responses against autologous targets are receiving increasing interest as alternatives to the administration of manufactured antibodies. 28982051 0 47 theme self-assembled 57:70 arg1 nanofibers 80:89 self-assembled peptide nanofibers 57:89 self-assembled peptide nanofibers 57:89 Active immunotherapy for TNF-mediated inflammation using self-assembled peptide nanofibers. 28982051 8 48 theme autologous 1589:1598 arg1 targets 1600:1606 autologous targets 1589:1606 autologous targets 1589:1606 Collectively this work suggests that synthetic self-assembled peptides can be attractive platforms for active immunotherapies against autologous targets. 28982051 3 49 theme synthetic 577:585 arg1 peptides 587:594 short synthetic peptides 571:594 short synthetic peptides that assemble into supramolecular peptide nanofibers 571:647 Here we demonstrate the design of an active immunotherapy against TNF-mediated inflammation using short synthetic peptides that assemble into supramolecular peptide nanofibers. 28982051 4 50 theme autologous 798:807 arg1 TNF 809:811 autologous TNF 798:811 autologous TNF 798:811 Immunization with these materials, without additional adjuvants, was able to break B cell tolerance and raise protective antibody responses against autologous TNF in mice. 28982051 2 51 theme protective 317:326 arg1 levels 343:348 generating protective and adjustable levels 306:348 generating protective and adjustable levels of therapeutic antibodies 306:374 The challenge in such an approach is generating protective and adjustable levels of therapeutic antibodies while at the same time avoiding strong T cell responses that could lead to autoimmune reactions. 28982051 2 51 theme protective 317:326 arg1 challenge 273:281 The challenge 269:281 The challenge in such an approach 269:301 The challenge in such an approach is generating protective and adjustable levels of therapeutic antibodies while at the same time avoiding strong T cell responses that could lead to autoimmune reactions. 28982051 4 52 theme protective 760:769 arg1 responses 780:788 protective antibody responses 760:788 protective antibody responses against autologous TNF in mice 760:819 Immunization with these materials, without additional adjuvants, was able to break B cell tolerance and raise protective antibody responses against autologous TNF in mice. 28982051 2 53 theme same 389:392 arg1 time 394:397 the same time 385:397 the same time 385:397 The challenge in such an approach is generating protective and adjustable levels of therapeutic antibodies while at the same time avoiding strong T cell responses that could lead to autoimmune reactions. 28982051 8 54 theme active 1558:1563 arg1 immunotherapies 1565:1579 active immunotherapies 1558:1579 active immunotherapies against autologous targets 1558:1606 Collectively this work suggests that synthetic self-assembled peptides can be attractive platforms for active immunotherapies against autologous targets. 28982051 5 55 theme T-cell 1006:1011 arg1 epitopes 1013:1020 exogenous and non-autoreactive T-cell epitopes 975:1020 exogenous and non-autoreactive T-cell epitopes 975:1020 The strength of the anti-TNF antibody response could be tuned by adjusting the epitope content in the nanofibers, and the T-cell response was focused on exogenous and non-autoreactive T-cell epitopes. 28982051 2 56 theme generating 306:315 arg1 levels 343:348 generating protective and adjustable levels 306:348 generating protective and adjustable levels of therapeutic antibodies 306:374 The challenge in such an approach is generating protective and adjustable levels of therapeutic antibodies while at the same time avoiding strong T cell responses that could lead to autoimmune reactions. 28982051 2 56 theme generating 306:315 arg1 challenge 273:281 The challenge 269:281 The challenge in such an approach 269:301 The challenge in such an approach is generating protective and adjustable levels of therapeutic antibodies while at the same time avoiding strong T cell responses that could lead to autoimmune reactions. 28982051 3 57 theme TNF-mediated 539:550 arg1 inflammation 552:563 TNF-mediated inflammation 539:563 TNF-mediated inflammation using short synthetic peptides that assemble into supramolecular peptide nanofibers 539:647 Here we demonstrate the design of an active immunotherapy against TNF-mediated inflammation using short synthetic peptides that assemble into supramolecular peptide nanofibers. 28982051 8 58 theme synthetic 1492:1500 arg1 peptides 1517:1524 synthetic self-assembled peptides 1492:1524 synthetic self-assembled peptides 1492:1524 Collectively this work suggests that synthetic self-assembled peptides can be attractive platforms for active immunotherapies against autologous targets. 28982051 4 59 theme additional 693:702 arg1 adjuvants 704:712 additional adjuvants 693:712 additional adjuvants 693:712 Immunization with these materials, without additional adjuvants, was able to break B cell tolerance and raise protective antibody responses against autologous TNF in mice. 28982051 3 60 theme active 510:515 arg1 immunotherapy 517:529 an active immunotherapy 507:529 an active immunotherapy against TNF-mediated inflammation using short synthetic peptides that assemble into supramolecular peptide nanofibers 507:647 Here we demonstrate the design of an active immunotherapy against TNF-mediated inflammation using short synthetic peptides that assemble into supramolecular peptide nanofibers. 28982051 1 61 theme increasing 183:192 arg1 interest 194:201 increasing interest 183:201 increasing interest 183:201 Active immunotherapies raising antibody responses against autologous targets are receiving increasing interest as alternatives to the administration of manufactured antibodies. 28982051 1 61 theme increasing 183:192 arg1 alternatives 206:217 alternatives 206:217 alternatives to the administration of manufactured antibodies 206:266 Active immunotherapies raising antibody responses against autologous targets are receiving increasing interest as alternatives to the administration of manufactured antibodies. 28982051 6 62 theme acute 1110:1114 arg1 inflammation 1116:1127 acute inflammation 1110:1127 acute inflammation induced by intraperitoneally delivered lipopolysaccharide 1110:1185 Immunization with unadjuvanted peptide nanofibers was therapeutic in a lethal model of acute inflammation induced by intraperitoneally delivered lipopolysaccharide, whereas formulations adjuvanted with CpG showed comparatively poorer protection that correlated with a more Th1-polarized response. 28982051 5 63 theme anti-TNF 842:849 arg1 response 860:867 the anti-TNF antibody response 838:867 the anti-TNF antibody response 838:867 The strength of the anti-TNF antibody response could be tuned by adjusting the epitope content in the nanofibers, and the T-cell response was focused on exogenous and non-autoreactive T-cell epitopes. 28982051 7 64 theme Listeria 1431:1438 arg1 monocytogenes 1440:1452 Listeria monocytogenes 1431:1452 Listeria monocytogenes 1431:1452 Additionally, immunization with peptide nanofibers did not diminish the ability of mice to clear infections of Listeria monocytogenes. 28982051 7 65 theme clear 1411:1415 arg1 infections 1417:1426 clear infections 1411:1426 clear infections of Listeria monocytogenes 1411:1452 Additionally, immunization with peptide nanofibers did not diminish the ability of mice to clear infections of Listeria monocytogenes. 28982051 2 66 theme cell 417:420 arg1 responses 422:430 strong T cell responses 408:430 strong T cell responses that could lead to autoimmune reactions 408:470 The challenge in such an approach is generating protective and adjustable levels of therapeutic antibodies while at the same time avoiding strong T cell responses that could lead to autoimmune reactions. 27413214 2 0 theme crude 363:367 arg1 fractions 389:397 three water soluble crude polysaccharide rich fractions 343:397 three water soluble crude polysaccharide rich fractions 343:397 In this context, three water soluble crude polysaccharide rich fractions viz. 27413214 3 1 theme extracted 508:516 arg1 polysaccharide 518:531 hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide 495:531 hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide 495:531 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 4 2 theme small 891:895 arg1 protein 907:913 protein 907:913 protein 907:913 Physico-chemical investigation revealed that the fractions were mainly composed of β-configuration in pyranose form of sugars conjugated with small amount of protein. 27413214 4 2 theme small 891:895 arg1 amount 897:902 small amount 891:902 small amount of protein 891:913 Physico-chemical investigation revealed that the fractions were mainly composed of β-configuration in pyranose form of sugars conjugated with small amount of protein. 27413214 10 3 theme nutraceuticals 1756:1769 arg1 compound 1691:1698 active compound 1684:1698 active compound which might be used as ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals 1684:1789 Thus it can be inferred that HWP may foster further studies for searching active compound which might be used as ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. 27413214 10 3 theme nutraceuticals 1756:1769 arg1 ingredients 1723:1733 ingredients 1723:1733 ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals 1723:1789 Thus it can be inferred that HWP may foster further studies for searching active compound which might be used as ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. 27413214 0 4 theme gigantea 139:146 arg1 Lodge 166:170 Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge 129:170 Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge 129:170 Influence of extraction parameters on physico-chemical characters and antioxidant activity of water soluble polysaccharides from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge. 27413214 3 5 theme varying 564:570 arg1 mushroom 639:646 a well-known edible mushroom 619:646 a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region 619:746 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 3 5 theme varying 564:570 arg1 parameters 583:592 varying extraction parameters 564:592 varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea 564:616 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 1 6 theme active 220:225 arg1 Polysaccharides 173:187 Polysaccharides 173:187 Polysaccharides from mushrooms 173:202 Polysaccharides from mushrooms are potentially active pharmaceutical ingredients and their action is dependent upon conformation, composition, size etc. 27413214 1 6 theme active 220:225 arg1 ingredients 242:252 active pharmaceutical ingredients 220:252 active pharmaceutical ingredients 220:252 Polysaccharides from mushrooms are potentially active pharmaceutical ingredients and their action is dependent upon conformation, composition, size etc. 27413214 11 7 from gigantea 1948:1955 arg1 polysaccharides 1924:1938 different crude polysaccharides 1908:1938 different crude polysaccharides from M. gigantea 1908:1955 Moreover, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of different crude polysaccharides from M. gigantea. 27413214 11 7 from gigantea 1948:1955 arg1 composition 1868:1878 chemical composition 1859:1878 chemical composition 1859:1878 Moreover, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of different crude polysaccharides from M. gigantea. 27413214 11 7 from gigantea 1948:1955 arg1 activity 1896:1903 antioxidant activity 1884:1903 antioxidant activity 1884:1903 Moreover, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of different crude polysaccharides from M. gigantea. 27413214 3 8 dep mushroom 639:646 arg1 collected 648:656 collected 648:656 collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal 648:691 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 3 8 dep mushroom 639:646 arg1 authenticated 697:709 authenticated 697:709 authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region 697:746 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 0 9 theme Pegler 157:162 arg1 Lodge 166:170 Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge 129:170 Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge 129:170 Influence of extraction parameters on physico-chemical characters and antioxidant activity of water soluble polysaccharides from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge. 27413214 10 10 theme pharmaceuticals 1775:1789 arg1 compound 1691:1698 active compound 1684:1698 active compound which might be used as ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals 1684:1789 Thus it can be inferred that HWP may foster further studies for searching active compound which might be used as ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. 27413214 10 10 theme pharmaceuticals 1775:1789 arg1 ingredients 1723:1733 ingredients 1723:1733 ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals 1723:1789 Thus it can be inferred that HWP may foster further studies for searching active compound which might be used as ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. 27413214 4 11 from β-configuration 832:846 arg1 form 860:863 pyranose form 851:863 pyranose form of sugars conjugated with small amount of protein 851:913 Physico-chemical investigation revealed that the fractions were mainly composed of β-configuration in pyranose form of sugars conjugated with small amount of protein. 27413214 6 12 from amount 1153:1158 arg1 CAP 1163:1165 CAP 1163:1165 CAP 1163:1165 However, D-glucose as well as β-glucan were found to be in the highest amount in CAP. 27413214 11 13 from composition 1868:1878 arg1 gigantea 1948:1955 M. gigantea 1945:1955 M. gigantea 1945:1955 Moreover, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of different crude polysaccharides from M. gigantea. 27413214 0 14 theme antioxidant 70:80 arg1 activity 82:89 antioxidant activity 70:89 antioxidant activity 70:89 Influence of extraction parameters on physico-chemical characters and antioxidant activity of water soluble polysaccharides from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge. 27413214 0 15 theme extraction 13:22 arg1 parameters 24:33 extraction parameters 13:33 extraction parameters 13:33 Influence of extraction parameters on physico-chemical characters and antioxidant activity of water soluble polysaccharides from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge. 27413214 8 16 theme structural 1349:1358 arg1 features 1360:1367 These diverse structural features 1335:1367 These diverse structural features 1335:1367 These diverse structural features may have imparted effect on free radical scavenging activity of polysaccharides where HWP was the most active in all assays. 27413214 9 17 theme free 1535:1538 arg1 radicals 1540:1547 free radicals 1535:1547 free radicals 1535:1547 HWP was proved to be a good scavenger of free radicals, strong chelator of ferrous ion and had high reducing power. 27413214 0 18 from Influence 0:8 arg1 characters 55:64 physico-chemical characters 38:64 physico-chemical characters 38:64 Influence of extraction parameters on physico-chemical characters and antioxidant activity of water soluble polysaccharides from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge. 27413214 0 18 from Influence 0:8 arg1 activity 82:89 antioxidant activity 70:89 antioxidant activity 70:89 Influence of extraction parameters on physico-chemical characters and antioxidant activity of water soluble polysaccharides from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge. 27413214 0 19 theme soluble 100:106 arg1 polysaccharides 108:122 water soluble polysaccharides 94:122 water soluble polysaccharides from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge 94:170 Influence of extraction parameters on physico-chemical characters and antioxidant activity of water soluble polysaccharides from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge. 27413214 0 20 from characters 55:64 arg1 Lodge 166:170 Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge 129:170 Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge 129:170 Influence of extraction parameters on physico-chemical characters and antioxidant activity of water soluble polysaccharides from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge. 27413214 11 21 theme crude 1918:1922 arg1 polysaccharides 1924:1938 different crude polysaccharides 1908:1938 different crude polysaccharides from M. gigantea 1908:1955 Moreover, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of different crude polysaccharides from M. gigantea. 27413214 3 22 theme cold 446:449 arg1 polysaccharide 470:483 cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide 446:483 cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) 446:489 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 3 22 theme cold 446:449 arg1 CAP 486:488 CAP 486:488 CAP 486:488 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 8 23 from assays 1486:1491 arg1 HWP 1455:1457 HWP 1455:1457 HWP 1455:1457 These diverse structural features may have imparted effect on free radical scavenging activity of polysaccharides where HWP was the most active in all assays. 27413214 8 23 from assays 1486:1491 arg1 active 1472:1477 active 1472:1477 active 1472:1477 These diverse structural features may have imparted effect on free radical scavenging activity of polysaccharides where HWP was the most active in all assays. 27413214 5 24 theme ratio 1026:1030 arg1 order 1017:1021 similar order 1009:1021 similar order of ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose) 1009:1079 Further analysis presented that polysaccharides were composed of same monosaccharide even in similar order of ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose). 27413214 3 25 theme hot 404:406 arg1 water 408:412 hot water 404:412 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) 404:537 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 4 26 theme Physico-chemical 749:764 arg1 investigation 766:778 Physico-chemical investigation 749:778 Physico-chemical investigation 749:778 Physico-chemical investigation revealed that the fractions were mainly composed of β-configuration in pyranose form of sugars conjugated with small amount of protein. 27413214 11 27 theme chemical 1859:1866 arg1 composition 1868:1878 chemical composition 1859:1878 chemical composition 1859:1878 Moreover, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of different crude polysaccharides from M. gigantea. 27413214 9 28 theme ferrous 1569:1575 arg1 ion 1577:1579 ferrous ion 1569:1579 ferrous ion 1569:1579 HWP was proved to be a good scavenger of free radicals, strong chelator of ferrous ion and had high reducing power. 27413214 8 29 theme radical 1402:1408 arg1 scavenging 1410:1419 free radical scavenging 1397:1419 free radical scavenging activity 1397:1428 These diverse structural features may have imparted effect on free radical scavenging activity of polysaccharides where HWP was the most active in all assays. 27413214 5 30 theme > 1057:1057 arg1 ratio 1026:1030 ratio 1026:1030 ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose) 1026:1079 Further analysis presented that polysaccharides were composed of same monosaccharide even in similar order of ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose). 27413214 5 30 theme > 1057:1057 arg1 D-xylose 1071:1078 D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose 1033:1078 D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose 1033:1078 Further analysis presented that polysaccharides were composed of same monosaccharide even in similar order of ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose). 27413214 11 31 theme different 1908:1916 arg1 polysaccharides 1924:1938 different crude polysaccharides 1908:1938 different crude polysaccharides from M. gigantea 1908:1955 Moreover, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of different crude polysaccharides from M. gigantea. 27413214 7 32 theme helical 1172:1178 arg1 structure 1180:1188 The helical structure 1168:1188 The helical structure 1168:1188 The helical structure was determined by Congo red assay which indicated that polysaccharides were in aggregate forms except HWP which consisted of tertiary structure. 27413214 1 33 theme size 316:319 arg1 etc 321:323 size etc 316:323 size etc 316:323 Polysaccharides from mushrooms are potentially active pharmaceutical ingredients and their action is dependent upon conformation, composition, size etc. 27413214 1 33 theme size 316:319 arg1 conformation 289:300 conformation 289:300 conformation 289:300 Polysaccharides from mushrooms are potentially active pharmaceutical ingredients and their action is dependent upon conformation, composition, size etc. 27413214 5 34 theme Further 916:922 arg1 analysis 924:931 Further analysis 916:931 Further analysis 916:931 Further analysis presented that polysaccharides were composed of same monosaccharide even in similar order of ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose). 27413214 4 35 theme pyranose 851:858 arg1 form 860:863 pyranose form 851:863 pyranose form of sugars conjugated with small amount of protein 851:913 Physico-chemical investigation revealed that the fractions were mainly composed of β-configuration in pyranose form of sugars conjugated with small amount of protein. 27413214 3 36 theme extracted 460:468 arg1 polysaccharide 470:483 cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide 446:483 cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) 446:489 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 3 36 theme extracted 460:468 arg1 CAP 486:488 CAP 486:488 CAP 486:488 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 9 37 theme high 1589:1592 arg1 power 1603:1607 had high reducing power 1585:1607 had high reducing power 1585:1607 HWP was proved to be a good scavenger of free radicals, strong chelator of ferrous ion and had high reducing power. 27413214 8 38 theme polysaccharides 1433:1447 arg1 effect 1387:1392 effect 1387:1392 effect on free radical scavenging activity of polysaccharides where HWP was the most active in all assays 1387:1491 These diverse structural features may have imparted effect on free radical scavenging activity of polysaccharides where HWP was the most active in all assays. 27413214 3 39 theme hot 495:497 arg1 polysaccharide 518:531 hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide 495:531 hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide 495:531 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 10 40 used used 1715:1718 arg2 compound 1691:1698 active compound 1684:1698 active compound which might be used as ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals 1684:1789 Thus it can be inferred that HWP may foster further studies for searching active compound which might be used as ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. 27413214 10 40 used used 1715:1718 arg2 ingredients 1723:1733 ingredients 1723:1733 ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals 1723:1789 Thus it can be inferred that HWP may foster further studies for searching active compound which might be used as ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. 27413214 3 41 theme well-known 621:630 arg1 parameters 583:592 varying extraction parameters 564:592 varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea 564:616 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 3 41 theme well-known 621:630 arg1 mushroom 639:646 a well-known edible mushroom 619:646 a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region 619:746 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 5 42 theme D-mannose 1059:1067 arg1 ratio 1026:1030 ratio 1026:1030 ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose) 1026:1079 Further analysis presented that polysaccharides were composed of same monosaccharide even in similar order of ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose). 27413214 5 42 theme D-mannose 1059:1067 arg1 D-xylose 1071:1078 D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose 1033:1078 D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose 1033:1078 Further analysis presented that polysaccharides were composed of same monosaccharide even in similar order of ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose). 27413214 5 43 theme D-glucose 1033:1041 arg1 ratio 1026:1030 ratio 1026:1030 ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose) 1026:1079 Further analysis presented that polysaccharides were composed of same monosaccharide even in similar order of ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose). 27413214 5 43 theme D-glucose 1033:1041 arg1 D-xylose 1071:1078 D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose 1033:1078 D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose 1033:1078 Further analysis presented that polysaccharides were composed of same monosaccharide even in similar order of ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose). 27413214 3 44 theme West 681:684 arg1 Bengal 686:691 West Bengal 681:691 West Bengal 681:691 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 5 45 theme D-galactose 1045:1055 arg1 ratio 1026:1030 ratio 1026:1030 ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose) 1026:1079 Further analysis presented that polysaccharides were composed of same monosaccharide even in similar order of ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose). 27413214 5 45 theme D-galactose 1045:1055 arg1 D-xylose 1071:1078 D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose 1033:1078 D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose 1033:1078 Further analysis presented that polysaccharides were composed of same monosaccharide even in similar order of ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose). 27413214 7 46 theme aggregate 1269:1277 arg1 forms 1279:1283 aggregate forms 1269:1283 aggregate forms 1269:1283 The helical structure was determined by Congo red assay which indicated that polysaccharides were in aggregate forms except HWP which consisted of tertiary structure. 27413214 8 47 from active 1472:1477 arg1 assays 1486:1491 all assays 1482:1491 all assays 1482:1491 These diverse structural features may have imparted effect on free radical scavenging activity of polysaccharides where HWP was the most active in all assays. 27413214 2 48 theme polysaccharide 369:382 arg1 fractions 389:397 three water soluble crude polysaccharide rich fractions 343:397 three water soluble crude polysaccharide rich fractions 343:397 In this context, three water soluble crude polysaccharide rich fractions viz. 27413214 0 49 from Lodge 166:170 arg1 polysaccharides 108:122 water soluble polysaccharides 94:122 water soluble polysaccharides from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge 94:170 Influence of extraction parameters on physico-chemical characters and antioxidant activity of water soluble polysaccharides from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge. 27413214 0 49 from Lodge 166:170 arg1 characters 55:64 physico-chemical characters 38:64 physico-chemical characters 38:64 Influence of extraction parameters on physico-chemical characters and antioxidant activity of water soluble polysaccharides from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge. 27413214 0 49 from Lodge 166:170 arg1 activity 82:89 antioxidant activity 70:89 antioxidant activity 70:89 Influence of extraction parameters on physico-chemical characters and antioxidant activity of water soluble polysaccharides from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge. 27413214 5 50 theme > 1069:1069 arg1 ratio 1026:1030 ratio 1026:1030 ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose) 1026:1079 Further analysis presented that polysaccharides were composed of same monosaccharide even in similar order of ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose). 27413214 5 50 theme > 1069:1069 arg1 D-xylose 1071:1078 D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose 1033:1078 D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose 1033:1078 Further analysis presented that polysaccharides were composed of same monosaccharide even in similar order of ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose). 27413214 10 51 theme functional 1738:1747 arg1 foods 1749:1753 functional foods 1738:1753 functional foods 1738:1753 Thus it can be inferred that HWP may foster further studies for searching active compound which might be used as ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. 27413214 8 52 from effect 1387:1392 arg1 activity 1421:1428 free radical scavenging activity 1397:1428 free radical scavenging activity 1397:1428 These diverse structural features may have imparted effect on free radical scavenging activity of polysaccharides where HWP was the most active in all assays. 27413214 4 53 theme protein 907:913 arg1 protein 907:913 protein 907:913 protein 907:913 Physico-chemical investigation revealed that the fractions were mainly composed of β-configuration in pyranose form of sugars conjugated with small amount of protein. 27413214 4 53 theme protein 907:913 arg1 amount 897:902 small amount 891:902 small amount of protein 891:913 Physico-chemical investigation revealed that the fractions were mainly composed of β-configuration in pyranose form of sugars conjugated with small amount of protein. 27413214 2 54 theme soluble 355:361 arg1 fractions 389:397 three water soluble crude polysaccharide rich fractions 343:397 three water soluble crude polysaccharide rich fractions 343:397 In this context, three water soluble crude polysaccharide rich fractions viz. 27413214 4 55 theme sugars 868:873 arg1 form 860:863 pyranose form 851:863 pyranose form of sugars conjugated with small amount of protein 851:913 Physico-chemical investigation revealed that the fractions were mainly composed of β-configuration in pyranose form of sugars conjugated with small amount of protein. 27413214 3 56 theme nrDNA 731:735 arg1 barcoding 718:726 DNA barcoding 714:726 DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region 714:746 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 3 57 theme extraction 572:581 arg1 mushroom 639:646 a well-known edible mushroom 619:646 a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region 619:746 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 3 57 theme extraction 572:581 arg1 parameters 583:592 varying extraction parameters 564:592 varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea 564:616 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 10 58 theme active 1684:1689 arg1 compound 1691:1698 active compound 1684:1698 active compound which might be used as ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals 1684:1789 Thus it can be inferred that HWP may foster further studies for searching active compound which might be used as ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. 27413214 10 58 theme active 1684:1689 arg1 ingredients 1723:1733 ingredients 1723:1733 ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals 1723:1789 Thus it can be inferred that HWP may foster further studies for searching active compound which might be used as ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. 27413214 1 59 theme pharmaceutical 227:240 arg1 Polysaccharides 173:187 Polysaccharides 173:187 Polysaccharides from mushrooms 173:202 Polysaccharides from mushrooms are potentially active pharmaceutical ingredients and their action is dependent upon conformation, composition, size etc. 27413214 1 59 theme pharmaceutical 227:240 arg1 ingredients 242:252 active pharmaceutical ingredients 220:252 active pharmaceutical ingredients 220:252 Polysaccharides from mushrooms are potentially active pharmaceutical ingredients and their action is dependent upon conformation, composition, size etc. 27413214 0 60 from activity 82:89 arg1 Lodge 166:170 Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge 129:170 Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge 129:170 Influence of extraction parameters on physico-chemical characters and antioxidant activity of water soluble polysaccharides from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge. 27413214 11 61 from activity 1896:1903 arg1 gigantea 1948:1955 M. gigantea 1945:1955 M. gigantea 1945:1955 Moreover, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of different crude polysaccharides from M. gigantea. 27413214 0 62 theme & 164:164 arg1 Lodge 166:170 Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge 129:170 Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge 129:170 Influence of extraction parameters on physico-chemical characters and antioxidant activity of water soluble polysaccharides from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge. 27413214 11 63 theme polysaccharides 1924:1938 arg1 composition 1868:1878 chemical composition 1859:1878 chemical composition 1859:1878 Moreover, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of different crude polysaccharides from M. gigantea. 27413214 11 63 theme polysaccharides 1924:1938 arg1 activity 1896:1903 antioxidant activity 1884:1903 antioxidant activity 1884:1903 Moreover, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of different crude polysaccharides from M. gigantea. 27413214 3 64 theme edible 632:637 arg1 parameters 583:592 varying extraction parameters 564:592 varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea 564:616 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 3 64 theme edible 632:637 arg1 mushroom 639:646 a well-known edible mushroom 619:646 a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region 619:746 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 9 65 theme radicals 1540:1547 arg1 scavenger 1522:1530 a good scavenger 1515:1530 a good scavenger of free radicals 1515:1547 HWP was proved to be a good scavenger of free radicals, strong chelator of ferrous ion and had high reducing power. 27413214 9 65 theme radicals 1540:1547 arg1 power 1603:1607 had high reducing power 1585:1607 had high reducing power 1585:1607 HWP was proved to be a good scavenger of free radicals, strong chelator of ferrous ion and had high reducing power. 27413214 9 65 theme radicals 1540:1547 arg1 chelator 1557:1564 strong chelator 1550:1564 strong chelator of ferrous ion 1550:1579 HWP was proved to be a good scavenger of free radicals, strong chelator of ferrous ion and had high reducing power. 27413214 9 65 theme radicals 1540:1547 arg1 HWP 1494:1496 HWP 1494:1496 HWP 1494:1496 HWP was proved to be a good scavenger of free radicals, strong chelator of ferrous ion and had high reducing power. 27413214 9 66 theme good 1517:1520 arg1 scavenger 1522:1530 a good scavenger 1515:1530 a good scavenger of free radicals 1515:1547 HWP was proved to be a good scavenger of free radicals, strong chelator of ferrous ion and had high reducing power. 27413214 9 66 theme good 1517:1520 arg1 HWP 1494:1496 HWP 1494:1496 HWP 1494:1496 HWP was proved to be a good scavenger of free radicals, strong chelator of ferrous ion and had high reducing power. 27413214 7 67 theme red 1214:1216 arg1 assay 1218:1222 Congo red assay 1208:1222 Congo red assay which indicated that polysaccharides were in aggregate forms except HWP which consisted of tertiary structure 1208:1332 The helical structure was determined by Congo red assay which indicated that polysaccharides were in aggregate forms except HWP which consisted of tertiary structure. 27413214 0 68 theme water 94:98 arg1 polysaccharides 108:122 water soluble polysaccharides 94:122 water soluble polysaccharides from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge 94:170 Influence of extraction parameters on physico-chemical characters and antioxidant activity of water soluble polysaccharides from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge. 27413214 11 69 theme first 1843:1847 arg1 this 1831:1834 this 1831:1834 this 1831:1834 Moreover, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of different crude polysaccharides from M. gigantea. 27413214 11 69 theme first 1843:1847 arg1 report 1849:1854 the first report 1839:1854 the first report on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of different crude polysaccharides from M. gigantea 1839:1955 Moreover, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of different crude polysaccharides from M. gigantea. 27413214 8 70 theme diverse 1341:1347 arg1 features 1360:1367 These diverse structural features 1335:1367 These diverse structural features 1335:1367 These diverse structural features may have imparted effect on free radical scavenging activity of polysaccharides where HWP was the most active in all assays. 27413214 0 71 theme polysaccharides 108:122 arg1 characters 55:64 physico-chemical characters 38:64 physico-chemical characters 38:64 Influence of extraction parameters on physico-chemical characters and antioxidant activity of water soluble polysaccharides from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge. 27413214 0 71 theme polysaccharides 108:122 arg1 activity 82:89 antioxidant activity 70:89 antioxidant activity 70:89 Influence of extraction parameters on physico-chemical characters and antioxidant activity of water soluble polysaccharides from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge. 27413214 5 72 theme similar 1009:1015 arg1 order 1017:1021 similar order 1009:1021 similar order of ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose) 1009:1079 Further analysis presented that polysaccharides were composed of same monosaccharide even in similar order of ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose). 27413214 10 73 theme foods 1749:1753 arg1 compound 1691:1698 active compound 1684:1698 active compound which might be used as ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals 1684:1789 Thus it can be inferred that HWP may foster further studies for searching active compound which might be used as ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. 27413214 10 73 theme foods 1749:1753 arg1 ingredients 1723:1733 ingredients 1723:1733 ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals 1723:1789 Thus it can be inferred that HWP may foster further studies for searching active compound which might be used as ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. 27413214 11 74 from report 1849:1854 arg1 composition 1868:1878 chemical composition 1859:1878 chemical composition 1859:1878 Moreover, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of different crude polysaccharides from M. gigantea. 27413214 11 74 from report 1849:1854 arg1 activity 1896:1903 antioxidant activity 1884:1903 antioxidant activity 1884:1903 Moreover, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of different crude polysaccharides from M. gigantea. 27413214 9 75 theme strong 1550:1555 arg1 chelator 1557:1564 strong chelator 1550:1564 strong chelator of ferrous ion 1550:1579 HWP was proved to be a good scavenger of free radicals, strong chelator of ferrous ion and had high reducing power. 27413214 3 76 theme alkaline 451:458 arg1 polysaccharide 470:483 cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide 446:483 cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) 446:489 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 3 76 theme alkaline 451:458 arg1 CAP 486:488 CAP 486:488 CAP 486:488 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 5 77 theme same 981:984 arg1 monosaccharide 986:999 same monosaccharide 981:999 same monosaccharide 981:999 Further analysis presented that polysaccharides were composed of same monosaccharide even in similar order of ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose). 27413214 0 78 theme parameters 24:33 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of extraction parameters on physico-chemical characters and antioxidant activity of water soluble polysaccharides from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge. 0:171 Influence of extraction parameters on physico-chemical characters and antioxidant activity of water soluble polysaccharides from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge. 27413214 9 79 theme ion 1577:1579 arg1 scavenger 1522:1530 a good scavenger 1515:1530 a good scavenger of free radicals 1515:1547 HWP was proved to be a good scavenger of free radicals, strong chelator of ferrous ion and had high reducing power. 27413214 9 79 theme ion 1577:1579 arg1 power 1603:1607 had high reducing power 1585:1607 had high reducing power 1585:1607 HWP was proved to be a good scavenger of free radicals, strong chelator of ferrous ion and had high reducing power. 27413214 9 79 theme ion 1577:1579 arg1 chelator 1557:1564 strong chelator 1550:1564 strong chelator of ferrous ion 1550:1579 HWP was proved to be a good scavenger of free radicals, strong chelator of ferrous ion and had high reducing power. 27413214 9 79 theme ion 1577:1579 arg1 HWP 1494:1496 HWP 1494:1496 HWP 1494:1496 HWP was proved to be a good scavenger of free radicals, strong chelator of ferrous ion and had high reducing power. 27413214 7 80 theme tertiary 1315:1322 arg1 structure 1324:1332 tertiary structure 1315:1332 tertiary structure 1315:1332 The helical structure was determined by Congo red assay which indicated that polysaccharides were in aggregate forms except HWP which consisted of tertiary structure. 27413214 3 81 theme Gangetic 663:670 arg1 plain 672:676 Gangetic plain 663:676 Gangetic plain of West Bengal 663:691 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 8 82 theme free 1397:1400 arg1 scavenging 1410:1419 free radical scavenging 1397:1419 free radical scavenging activity 1397:1428 These diverse structural features may have imparted effect on free radical scavenging activity of polysaccharides where HWP was the most active in all assays. 27413214 3 83 from gigantea 609:616 arg1 mushroom 639:646 a well-known edible mushroom 619:646 a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region 619:746 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 3 83 from gigantea 609:616 arg1 parameters 583:592 varying extraction parameters 564:592 varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea 564:616 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 10 84 theme further 1654:1660 arg1 studies 1662:1668 further studies 1654:1668 further studies for searching active compound which might be used as ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals 1654:1789 Thus it can be inferred that HWP may foster further studies for searching active compound which might be used as ingredients of functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. 27413214 0 85 theme physico-chemical 38:53 arg1 characters 55:64 physico-chemical characters 38:64 physico-chemical characters 38:64 Influence of extraction parameters on physico-chemical characters and antioxidant activity of water soluble polysaccharides from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge. 27413214 9 86 theme had 1585:1587 arg1 power 1603:1607 had high reducing power 1585:1607 had high reducing power 1585:1607 HWP was proved to be a good scavenger of free radicals, strong chelator of ferrous ion and had high reducing power. 27413214 8 87 theme scavenging 1410:1419 arg1 activity 1421:1428 free radical scavenging activity 1397:1428 free radical scavenging activity 1397:1428 These diverse structural features may have imparted effect on free radical scavenging activity of polysaccharides where HWP was the most active in all assays. 27413214 3 88 dep nrDNA 731:735 arg1 region 741:746 ITS region 737:746 nrDNA ITS region 731:746 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 9 89 theme reducing 1594:1601 arg1 power 1603:1607 had high reducing power 1585:1607 had high reducing power 1585:1607 HWP was proved to be a good scavenger of free radicals, strong chelator of ferrous ion and had high reducing power. 27413214 6 90 theme highest 1145:1151 arg1 amount 1153:1158 the highest amount 1141:1158 the highest amount in CAP 1141:1165 However, D-glucose as well as β-glucan were found to be in the highest amount in CAP. 27413214 1 91 from mushrooms 194:202 arg1 Polysaccharides 173:187 Polysaccharides 173:187 Polysaccharides from mushrooms 173:202 Polysaccharides from mushrooms are potentially active pharmaceutical ingredients and their action is dependent upon conformation, composition, size etc. 27413214 1 91 from mushrooms 194:202 arg1 ingredients 242:252 active pharmaceutical ingredients 220:252 active pharmaceutical ingredients 220:252 Polysaccharides from mushrooms are potentially active pharmaceutical ingredients and their action is dependent upon conformation, composition, size etc. 27413214 3 92 theme Bengal 686:691 arg1 plain 672:676 Gangetic plain 663:676 Gangetic plain of West Bengal 663:691 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 3 93 theme alkaline 499:506 arg1 polysaccharide 518:531 hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide 495:531 hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide 495:531 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 2 94 dep viz 399:401 arg1 fractions 389:397 three water soluble crude polysaccharide rich fractions 343:397 three water soluble crude polysaccharide rich fractions 343:397 In this context, three water soluble crude polysaccharide rich fractions viz. 27413214 2 94 dep viz 399:401 arg1 context 334:340 this context 329:340 this context 329:340 In this context, three water soluble crude polysaccharide rich fractions viz. 27413214 5 95 theme > 1043:1043 arg1 ratio 1026:1030 ratio 1026:1030 ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose) 1026:1079 Further analysis presented that polysaccharides were composed of same monosaccharide even in similar order of ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose). 27413214 5 95 theme > 1043:1043 arg1 D-xylose 1071:1078 D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose 1033:1078 D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose 1033:1078 Further analysis presented that polysaccharides were composed of same monosaccharide even in similar order of ratio (D-glucose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-xylose). 27413214 11 96 theme antioxidant 1884:1894 arg1 activity 1896:1903 antioxidant activity 1884:1903 antioxidant activity 1884:1903 Moreover, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of different crude polysaccharides from M. gigantea. 27413214 3 97 theme DNA 714:716 arg1 barcoding 718:726 DNA barcoding 714:726 DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region 714:746 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HWP), cold alkaline extracted polysaccharide (CAP) and hot alkaline extracted polysaccharide (HAP) have been isolated using varying extraction parameters from Macrocybe gigantea, a well-known edible mushroom collected from Gangetic plain of West Bengal and authenticated by DNA barcoding of nrDNA ITS region. 27413214 2 98 theme rich 384:387 arg1 fractions 389:397 three water soluble crude polysaccharide rich fractions 343:397 three water soluble crude polysaccharide rich fractions 343:397 In this context, three water soluble crude polysaccharide rich fractions viz. 27397563 8 0 theme endotoxin 1053:1061 arg1 assay 1063:1067 endotoxin assay 1053:1067 endotoxin assay 1053:1067 Plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels were measured by endotoxin assay. 27397563 12 1 theme plasma 1728:1733 arg1 levels 1739:1744 plasma LPS levels 1728:1744 plasma LPS levels 1728:1744 Moreover, the IH group showed a negative and significant correlation between the abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus and significant positive correlations between the abundance of Mucispirillum and Desulfovibrio and plasma LPS levels, respectively. 27397563 9 2 theme normoxic 1084:1091 arg1 recovery 1093:1100 normoxic recovery 1084:1100 normoxic recovery 1084:1100 RESULTS After normoxic recovery, the Chao and Shannon indices of each group suggested similar bacterial richness and diversity. 27397563 3 3 theme normoxic 557:564 arg1 period 566:571 a post-IH normoxic period 547:571 a post-IH normoxic period in a mouse model of OSA 547:595 The aim of this study was to investigate gut microbiota composition and circulating endotoxemia after a post-IH normoxic period in a mouse model of OSA. 27397563 4 4 used used 730:733 arg2 controls 738:745 controls 738:745 controls 738:745 METHODS Ten mice were subjected to IH (40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2) for 6 h/day for 6 w and 10 mice breathing normoxic air (NM) were used as controls. 27397563 4 4 used used 730:733 arg2 mice 692:695 10 mice 689:695 10 mice breathing normoxic air (NM) 689:723 METHODS Ten mice were subjected to IH (40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2) for 6 h/day for 6 w and 10 mice breathing normoxic air (NM) were used as controls. 27397563 12 5 theme Mucispirillum 1692:1704 arg1 abundance 1679:1687 the abundance 1675:1687 the abundance of Mucispirillum and Desulfovibrio 1675:1722 Moreover, the IH group showed a negative and significant correlation between the abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus and significant positive correlations between the abundance of Mucispirillum and Desulfovibrio and plasma LPS levels, respectively. 27397563 4 6 theme sec 640:642 arg1 IH 633:634 IH 633:634 IH (40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2) 633:663 METHODS Ten mice were subjected to IH (40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2) for 6 h/day for 6 w and 10 mice breathing normoxic air (NM) were used as controls. 27397563 4 6 theme sec 640:642 arg1 % 659:659 40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2 637:662 40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2 637:662 METHODS Ten mice were subjected to IH (40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2) for 6 h/day for 6 w and 10 mice breathing normoxic air (NM) were used as controls. 27397563 9 7 theme Chao 1107:1110 arg1 RESULTS 1070:1076 RESULTS 1070:1076 RESULTS After normoxic recovery 1070:1100 RESULTS After normoxic recovery, the Chao and Shannon indices of each group suggested similar bacterial richness and diversity. 27397563 9 7 theme Chao 1107:1110 arg1 indices 1124:1130 the Chao and Shannon indices 1103:1130 the Chao and Shannon indices of each group 1103:1144 RESULTS After normoxic recovery, the Chao and Shannon indices of each group suggested similar bacterial richness and diversity. 27397563 12 8 theme positive 1645:1652 arg1 correlations 1654:1665 significant positive correlations 1633:1665 significant positive correlations between the abundance of Mucispirillum and Desulfovibrio 1633:1722 Moreover, the IH group showed a negative and significant correlation between the abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus and significant positive correlations between the abundance of Mucispirillum and Desulfovibrio and plasma LPS levels, respectively. 27397563 4 9 theme % 646:646 arg1 IH 633:634 IH 633:634 IH (40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2) 633:663 METHODS Ten mice were subjected to IH (40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2) for 6 h/day for 6 w and 10 mice breathing normoxic air (NM) were used as controls. 27397563 4 9 theme % 646:646 arg1 % 659:659 40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2 637:662 40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2 637:662 METHODS Ten mice were subjected to IH (40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2) for 6 h/day for 6 w and 10 mice breathing normoxic air (NM) were used as controls. 27397563 9 10 theme Shannon 1116:1122 arg1 RESULTS 1070:1076 RESULTS 1070:1076 RESULTS After normoxic recovery 1070:1100 RESULTS After normoxic recovery, the Chao and Shannon indices of each group suggested similar bacterial richness and diversity. 27397563 9 10 theme Shannon 1116:1122 arg1 indices 1124:1130 the Chao and Shannon indices 1103:1130 the Chao and Shannon indices of each group 1103:1144 RESULTS After normoxic recovery, the Chao and Shannon indices of each group suggested similar bacterial richness and diversity. 27397563 2 11 theme gut 318:320 arg1 changes 333:339 these IH-induced gut microbiome changes 301:339 these IH-induced gut microbiome changes 301:339 However, whether these IH-induced gut microbiome changes are reversible after restoring normal oxygenation (the equivalent of effective OSA therapy) is unknown. 27397563 7 12 theme Microbial 978:986 arg1 Ecology 988:994 Microbial Ecology 978:994 Microbial Ecology 978:994 Bioinformatic analysis was performed by Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology. 27397563 1 13 theme sleep 219:223 arg1 OSA 232:234 OSA 232:234 OSA 232:234 STUDY OBJECTIVES Intermittent hypoxia (IH) mimicking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly modifies gut microbiota in mice. 27397563 1 13 theme sleep 219:223 arg1 apnea 225:229 obstructive sleep apnea 207:229 obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) 207:235 STUDY OBJECTIVES Intermittent hypoxia (IH) mimicking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly modifies gut microbiota in mice. 27397563 13 14 theme alternative 2044:2054 arg1 interventions 2056:2068 alternative interventions 2044:2068 alternative interventions 2044:2068 CONCLUSIONS Even after prolonged normoxic recovery after IH exposures, gut microbiota and circulating endotoxemia remain negatively altered, suggesting that potential benefits of OSA treatment for reversing OSA-induced changes in gut microbiota may either require a longer period or alternative interventions. 27397563 3 15 from period 566:571 arg1 model 584:588 a mouse model 576:588 a mouse model of OSA 576:595 The aim of this study was to investigate gut microbiota composition and circulating endotoxemia after a post-IH normoxic period in a mouse model of OSA. 27397563 1 16 from microbiota 264:273 arg1 mice 278:281 mice 278:281 mice 278:281 STUDY OBJECTIVES Intermittent hypoxia (IH) mimicking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly modifies gut microbiota in mice. 27397563 9 17 theme group 1140:1144 arg1 RESULTS 1070:1076 RESULTS 1070:1076 RESULTS After normoxic recovery 1070:1100 RESULTS After normoxic recovery, the Chao and Shannon indices of each group suggested similar bacterial richness and diversity. 27397563 9 17 theme group 1140:1144 arg1 indices 1124:1130 the Chao and Shannon indices 1103:1130 the Chao and Shannon indices of each group 1103:1144 RESULTS After normoxic recovery, the Chao and Shannon indices of each group suggested similar bacterial richness and diversity. 27397563 13 18 from changes 1980:1986 arg1 microbiota 1995:2004 gut microbiota 1991:2004 gut microbiota 1991:2004 CONCLUSIONS Even after prolonged normoxic recovery after IH exposures, gut microbiota and circulating endotoxemia remain negatively altered, suggesting that potential benefits of OSA treatment for reversing OSA-induced changes in gut microbiota may either require a longer period or alternative interventions. 27397563 6 19 theme fecal 838:842 arg1 samples 844:850 fecal samples 838:850 fecal samples 838:850 Microbiome composition of fecal samples was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) pyrosequencing. 27397563 9 20 theme similar 1156:1162 arg1 richness 1174:1181 similar bacterial richness 1156:1181 similar bacterial richness 1156:1181 RESULTS After normoxic recovery, the Chao and Shannon indices of each group suggested similar bacterial richness and diversity. 27397563 12 21 theme Ruminococcus 1616:1627 arg1 abundance 1585:1593 the abundance 1581:1593 the abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus 1581:1627 Moreover, the IH group showed a negative and significant correlation between the abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus and significant positive correlations between the abundance of Mucispirillum and Desulfovibrio and plasma LPS levels, respectively. 27397563 13 22 theme potential 1918:1926 arg1 benefits 1928:1935 potential benefits 1918:1935 potential benefits of OSA treatment for reversing OSA-induced changes in gut microbiota 1918:2004 CONCLUSIONS Even after prolonged normoxic recovery after IH exposures, gut microbiota and circulating endotoxemia remain negatively altered, suggesting that potential benefits of OSA treatment for reversing OSA-induced changes in gut microbiota may either require a longer period or alternative interventions. 27397563 13 23 theme circulating 1851:1861 arg1 endotoxemia 1863:1873 circulating endotoxemia 1851:1873 circulating endotoxemia 1851:1873 CONCLUSIONS Even after prolonged normoxic recovery after IH exposures, gut microbiota and circulating endotoxemia remain negatively altered, suggesting that potential benefits of OSA treatment for reversing OSA-induced changes in gut microbiota may either require a longer period or alternative interventions. 27397563 12 24 theme significant 1633:1643 arg1 correlations 1654:1665 significant positive correlations 1633:1665 significant positive correlations between the abundance of Mucispirillum and Desulfovibrio 1633:1722 Moreover, the IH group showed a negative and significant correlation between the abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus and significant positive correlations between the abundance of Mucispirillum and Desulfovibrio and plasma LPS levels, respectively. 27397563 4 25 theme sec 654:656 arg1 IH 633:634 IH 633:634 IH (40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2) 633:663 METHODS Ten mice were subjected to IH (40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2) for 6 h/day for 6 w and 10 mice breathing normoxic air (NM) were used as controls. 27397563 4 25 theme sec 654:656 arg1 % 659:659 40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2 637:662 40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2 637:662 METHODS Ten mice were subjected to IH (40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2) for 6 h/day for 6 w and 10 mice breathing normoxic air (NM) were used as controls. 27397563 0 26 theme Intermittent 70:81 arg1 Dysbiosis 109:117 Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Bacterial Dysbiosis 70:117 Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Bacterial Dysbiosis 70:117 Normoxic Recovery Mimicking Treatment of Sleep Apnea Does Not Reverse Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Bacterial Dysbiosis and Low-Grade Endotoxemia in Mice. 27397563 12 27 theme Lactobacillus 1598:1610 arg1 abundance 1585:1593 the abundance 1581:1593 the abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus 1581:1627 Moreover, the IH group showed a negative and significant correlation between the abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus and significant positive correlations between the abundance of Mucispirillum and Desulfovibrio and plasma LPS levels, respectively. 27397563 11 28 theme circulating 1432:1442 arg1 concentrations 1448:1461 circulating LPS concentrations 1432:1461 circulating LPS concentrations 1432:1461 After normoxic recovery, circulating LPS concentrations were higher in the IH group (P < 0.009). 27397563 0 29 theme Bacterial 99:107 arg1 Dysbiosis 109:117 Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Bacterial Dysbiosis 70:117 Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Bacterial Dysbiosis 70:117 Normoxic Recovery Mimicking Treatment of Sleep Apnea Does Not Reverse Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Bacterial Dysbiosis and Low-Grade Endotoxemia in Mice. 27397563 12 30 theme significant 1549:1559 arg1 correlation 1561:1571 a negative and significant correlation 1534:1571 a negative and significant correlation between the abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus 1534:1627 Moreover, the IH group showed a negative and significant correlation between the abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus and significant positive correlations between the abundance of Mucispirillum and Desulfovibrio and plasma LPS levels, respectively. 27397563 6 31 theme ribosomal 874:882 arg1 rRNA 889:892 rRNA 889:892 rRNA 889:892 Microbiome composition of fecal samples was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) pyrosequencing. 27397563 6 31 theme ribosomal 874:882 arg1 RNA 884:886 16S ribosomal RNA 870:886 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) pyrosequencing 870:908 Microbiome composition of fecal samples was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) pyrosequencing. 27397563 10 32 theme 16S 1198:1200 arg1 analysis 1222:1229 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis 1198:1229 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis 1198:1229 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis showed that IH-exposed mice had a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a significant increase of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres compared to the NM group. 27397563 2 33 theme effective 410:418 arg1 therapy 424:430 effective OSA therapy 410:430 effective OSA therapy 410:430 However, whether these IH-induced gut microbiome changes are reversible after restoring normal oxygenation (the equivalent of effective OSA therapy) is unknown. 27397563 13 34 theme IH 1818:1819 arg1 exposures 1821:1829 IH exposures 1818:1829 IH exposures 1818:1829 CONCLUSIONS Even after prolonged normoxic recovery after IH exposures, gut microbiota and circulating endotoxemia remain negatively altered, suggesting that potential benefits of OSA treatment for reversing OSA-induced changes in gut microbiota may either require a longer period or alternative interventions. 27397563 0 35 theme Normoxic 0:7 arg1 Recovery 9:16 Normoxic Recovery 0:16 Normoxic Recovery Mimicking Treatment of Sleep Apnea 0:51 Normoxic Recovery Mimicking Treatment of Sleep Apnea Does Not Reverse Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Bacterial Dysbiosis and Low-Grade Endotoxemia in Mice. 27397563 3 36 theme study 461:465 arg1 aim 449:451 The aim 445:451 The aim of this study 445:465 The aim of this study was to investigate gut microbiota composition and circulating endotoxemia after a post-IH normoxic period in a mouse model of OSA. 27397563 10 37 contain had 1259:1261 arg2 decrease 1277:1284 a significant decrease 1263:1284 a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes 1263:1318 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis showed that IH-exposed mice had a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a significant increase of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres compared to the NM group. 27397563 10 37 contain had 1259:1261 arg2 increase 1338:1345 a significant increase 1324:1345 a significant increase of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres 1324:1379 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis showed that IH-exposed mice had a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a significant increase of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres compared to the NM group. 27397563 10 37 contain had 1259:1261 arg1 mice 1254:1257 IH-exposed mice 1243:1257 IH-exposed mice 1243:1257 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis showed that IH-exposed mice had a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a significant increase of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres compared to the NM group. 27397563 13 38 theme prolonged 1784:1792 arg1 recovery 1803:1810 prolonged normoxic recovery 1784:1810 prolonged normoxic recovery after IH exposures, gut microbiota and circulating endotoxemia 1784:1873 CONCLUSIONS Even after prolonged normoxic recovery after IH exposures, gut microbiota and circulating endotoxemia remain negatively altered, suggesting that potential benefits of OSA treatment for reversing OSA-induced changes in gut microbiota may either require a longer period or alternative interventions. 27397563 12 39 theme negative 1536:1543 arg1 correlation 1561:1571 a negative and significant correlation 1534:1571 a negative and significant correlation between the abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus 1534:1627 Moreover, the IH group showed a negative and significant correlation between the abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus and significant positive correlations between the abundance of Mucispirillum and Desulfovibrio and plasma LPS levels, respectively. 27397563 10 40 theme pyrosequencing 1207:1220 arg1 analysis 1222:1229 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis 1198:1229 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis 1198:1229 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis showed that IH-exposed mice had a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a significant increase of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres compared to the NM group. 27397563 2 41 theme therapy 424:430 arg1 equivalent 396:405 the equivalent 392:405 the equivalent of effective OSA therapy 392:430 However, whether these IH-induced gut microbiome changes are reversible after restoring normal oxygenation (the equivalent of effective OSA therapy) is unknown. 27397563 8 42 theme Plasma 997:1002 arg1 LPS 1024:1026 LPS 1024:1026 LPS 1024:1026 Plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels were measured by endotoxin assay. 27397563 8 42 theme Plasma 997:1002 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 1004:1021 Plasma lipopolysaccharide 997:1021 Plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels 997:1034 Plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels were measured by endotoxin assay. 27397563 3 43 theme gut 486:488 arg1 composition 501:511 gut microbiota composition 486:511 gut microbiota composition 486:511 The aim of this study was to investigate gut microbiota composition and circulating endotoxemia after a post-IH normoxic period in a mouse model of OSA. 27397563 0 44 theme Apnea 47:51 arg1 Treatment 28:36 Treatment 28:36 Treatment of Sleep Apnea 28:51 Normoxic Recovery Mimicking Treatment of Sleep Apnea Does Not Reverse Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Bacterial Dysbiosis and Low-Grade Endotoxemia in Mice. 27397563 10 45 theme IH-exposed 1243:1252 arg1 mice 1254:1257 IH-exposed mice 1243:1257 IH-exposed mice 1243:1257 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis showed that IH-exposed mice had a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a significant increase of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres compared to the NM group. 27397563 4 46 theme METHODS 598:604 arg1 mice 610:613 METHODS Ten mice 598:613 METHODS Ten mice 598:613 METHODS Ten mice were subjected to IH (40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2) for 6 h/day for 6 w and 10 mice breathing normoxic air (NM) were used as controls. 27397563 13 47 theme treatment 1944:1952 arg1 benefits 1928:1935 potential benefits 1918:1935 potential benefits of OSA treatment for reversing OSA-induced changes in gut microbiota 1918:2004 CONCLUSIONS Even after prolonged normoxic recovery after IH exposures, gut microbiota and circulating endotoxemia remain negatively altered, suggesting that potential benefits of OSA treatment for reversing OSA-induced changes in gut microbiota may either require a longer period or alternative interventions. 27397563 3 48 theme circulating 517:527 arg1 endotoxemia 529:539 circulating endotoxemia 517:539 circulating endotoxemia 517:539 The aim of this study was to investigate gut microbiota composition and circulating endotoxemia after a post-IH normoxic period in a mouse model of OSA. 27397563 6 49 theme Microbiome 812:821 arg1 composition 823:833 Microbiome composition 812:833 Microbiome composition of fecal samples 812:850 Microbiome composition of fecal samples was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) pyrosequencing. 27397563 12 50 theme LPS 1735:1737 arg1 levels 1739:1744 plasma LPS levels 1728:1744 plasma LPS levels 1728:1744 Moreover, the IH group showed a negative and significant correlation between the abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus and significant positive correlations between the abundance of Mucispirillum and Desulfovibrio and plasma LPS levels, respectively. 27397563 0 51 from Endotoxemia 133:143 arg1 Mice 148:151 Mice 148:151 Mice 148:151 Normoxic Recovery Mimicking Treatment of Sleep Apnea Does Not Reverse Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Bacterial Dysbiosis and Low-Grade Endotoxemia in Mice. 27397563 10 52 theme significant 1265:1275 arg1 decrease 1277:1284 a significant decrease 1263:1284 a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes 1263:1318 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis showed that IH-exposed mice had a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a significant increase of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres compared to the NM group. 27397563 2 53 theme normal 372:377 arg1 oxygenation 379:389 normal oxygenation 372:389 normal oxygenation (the equivalent of effective OSA therapy) 372:431 However, whether these IH-induced gut microbiome changes are reversible after restoring normal oxygenation (the equivalent of effective OSA therapy) is unknown. 27397563 1 54 theme gut 260:262 arg1 microbiota 264:273 gut microbiota 260:273 gut microbiota in mice 260:281 STUDY OBJECTIVES Intermittent hypoxia (IH) mimicking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly modifies gut microbiota in mice. 27397563 10 55 from increase 1338:1345 arg1 abundance 1293:1301 the abundance 1289:1301 the abundance of Bacteroidetes 1289:1318 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis showed that IH-exposed mice had a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a significant increase of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres compared to the NM group. 27397563 10 56 theme Bacteroidetes 1306:1318 arg1 abundance 1293:1301 the abundance 1289:1301 the abundance of Bacteroidetes 1289:1318 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis showed that IH-exposed mice had a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a significant increase of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres compared to the NM group. 27397563 3 57 theme post-IH 549:555 arg1 period 566:571 a post-IH normoxic period 547:571 a post-IH normoxic period in a mouse model of OSA 547:595 The aim of this study was to investigate gut microbiota composition and circulating endotoxemia after a post-IH normoxic period in a mouse model of OSA. 27397563 11 58 theme P 1492:1492 arg1 group 1485:1489 the IH group 1478:1489 the IH group (P < 0.009) 1478:1501 After normoxic recovery, circulating LPS concentrations were higher in the IH group (P < 0.009). 27397563 11 58 theme P 1492:1492 arg1 < 1494:1494 P < 0.009 1492:1500 P < 0.009 1492:1500 After normoxic recovery, circulating LPS concentrations were higher in the IH group (P < 0.009). 27397563 2 59 theme microbiome 322:331 arg1 changes 333:339 these IH-induced gut microbiome changes 301:339 these IH-induced gut microbiome changes 301:339 However, whether these IH-induced gut microbiome changes are reversible after restoring normal oxygenation (the equivalent of effective OSA therapy) is unknown. 27397563 6 60 theme 16S 870:872 arg1 rRNA 889:892 rRNA 889:892 rRNA 889:892 Microbiome composition of fecal samples was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) pyrosequencing. 27397563 6 60 theme 16S 870:872 arg1 RNA 884:886 16S ribosomal RNA 870:886 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) pyrosequencing 870:908 Microbiome composition of fecal samples was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) pyrosequencing. 27397563 10 61 theme significant 1326:1336 arg1 increase 1338:1345 a significant increase 1324:1345 a significant increase of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres 1324:1379 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis showed that IH-exposed mice had a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a significant increase of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres compared to the NM group. 27397563 2 62 theme IH-induced 307:316 arg1 changes 333:339 these IH-induced gut microbiome changes 301:339 these IH-induced gut microbiome changes 301:339 However, whether these IH-induced gut microbiome changes are reversible after restoring normal oxygenation (the equivalent of effective OSA therapy) is unknown. 27397563 1 63 theme obstructive 207:217 arg1 OSA 232:234 OSA 232:234 OSA 232:234 STUDY OBJECTIVES Intermittent hypoxia (IH) mimicking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly modifies gut microbiota in mice. 27397563 1 63 theme obstructive 207:217 arg1 apnea 225:229 obstructive sleep apnea 207:229 obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) 207:235 STUDY OBJECTIVES Intermittent hypoxia (IH) mimicking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly modifies gut microbiota in mice. 27397563 3 64 theme mouse 578:582 arg1 model 584:588 a mouse model 576:588 a mouse model of OSA 576:595 The aim of this study was to investigate gut microbiota composition and circulating endotoxemia after a post-IH normoxic period in a mouse model of OSA. 27397563 12 65 theme IH 1518:1519 arg1 group 1521:1525 the IH group 1514:1525 the IH group 1514:1525 Moreover, the IH group showed a negative and significant correlation between the abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus and significant positive correlations between the abundance of Mucispirillum and Desulfovibrio and plasma LPS levels, respectively. 27397563 7 66 theme Quantitative 951:962 arg1 Insights 964:971 Quantitative Insights 951:971 Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology 951:994 Bioinformatic analysis was performed by Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology. 27397563 3 67 theme OSA 593:595 arg1 model 584:588 a mouse model 576:588 a mouse model of OSA 576:595 The aim of this study was to investigate gut microbiota composition and circulating endotoxemia after a post-IH normoxic period in a mouse model of OSA. 27397563 6 68 theme samples 844:850 arg1 composition 823:833 Microbiome composition 812:833 Microbiome composition of fecal samples 812:850 Microbiome composition of fecal samples was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) pyrosequencing. 27397563 11 69 theme IH 1482:1483 arg1 group 1485:1489 the IH group 1478:1489 the IH group (P < 0.009) 1478:1501 After normoxic recovery, circulating LPS concentrations were higher in the IH group (P < 0.009). 27397563 11 69 theme IH 1482:1483 arg1 < 1494:1494 P < 0.009 1492:1500 P < 0.009 1492:1500 After normoxic recovery, circulating LPS concentrations were higher in the IH group (P < 0.009). 27397563 7 70 theme Bioinformatic 911:923 arg1 analysis 925:932 Bioinformatic analysis 911:932 Bioinformatic analysis 911:932 Bioinformatic analysis was performed by Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology. 27397563 11 71 theme normoxic 1413:1420 arg1 recovery 1422:1429 normoxic recovery 1413:1429 normoxic recovery 1413:1429 After normoxic recovery, circulating LPS concentrations were higher in the IH group (P < 0.009). 27397563 9 72 theme bacterial 1164:1172 arg1 richness 1174:1181 similar bacterial richness 1156:1181 similar bacterial richness 1156:1181 RESULTS After normoxic recovery, the Chao and Shannon indices of each group suggested similar bacterial richness and diversity. 27397563 13 73 theme gut 1991:1993 arg1 microbiota 1995:2004 gut microbiota 1991:2004 gut microbiota 1991:2004 CONCLUSIONS Even after prolonged normoxic recovery after IH exposures, gut microbiota and circulating endotoxemia remain negatively altered, suggesting that potential benefits of OSA treatment for reversing OSA-induced changes in gut microbiota may either require a longer period or alternative interventions. 27397563 0 74 from Dysbiosis 109:117 arg1 Mice 148:151 Mice 148:151 Mice 148:151 Normoxic Recovery Mimicking Treatment of Sleep Apnea Does Not Reverse Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Bacterial Dysbiosis and Low-Grade Endotoxemia in Mice. 27397563 1 75 theme STUDY 154:158 arg1 OBJECTIVES 160:169 STUDY OBJECTIVES 154:169 STUDY OBJECTIVES Intermittent hypoxia (IH) mimicking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly modifies gut microbiota in mice. 154:282 STUDY OBJECTIVES Intermittent hypoxia (IH) mimicking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly modifies gut microbiota in mice. 27397563 4 76 theme O2-20 648:652 arg1 IH 633:634 IH 633:634 IH (40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2) 633:663 METHODS Ten mice were subjected to IH (40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2) for 6 h/day for 6 w and 10 mice breathing normoxic air (NM) were used as controls. 27397563 4 76 theme O2-20 648:652 arg1 % 659:659 40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2 637:662 40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2 637:662 METHODS Ten mice were subjected to IH (40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2) for 6 h/day for 6 w and 10 mice breathing normoxic air (NM) were used as controls. 27397563 11 77 theme LPS 1444:1446 arg1 concentrations 1448:1461 circulating LPS concentrations 1432:1461 circulating LPS concentrations 1432:1461 After normoxic recovery, circulating LPS concentrations were higher in the IH group (P < 0.009). 27397563 0 78 theme Hypoxia-Induced 83:97 arg1 Dysbiosis 109:117 Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Bacterial Dysbiosis 70:117 Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Bacterial Dysbiosis 70:117 Normoxic Recovery Mimicking Treatment of Sleep Apnea Does Not Reverse Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Bacterial Dysbiosis and Low-Grade Endotoxemia in Mice. 27397563 13 79 theme longer 2027:2032 arg1 period 2034:2039 a longer period 2025:2039 a longer period 2025:2039 CONCLUSIONS Even after prolonged normoxic recovery after IH exposures, gut microbiota and circulating endotoxemia remain negatively altered, suggesting that potential benefits of OSA treatment for reversing OSA-induced changes in gut microbiota may either require a longer period or alternative interventions. 27397563 1 80 theme Intermittent 171:182 arg1 IH 193:194 IH 193:194 IH 193:194 STUDY OBJECTIVES Intermittent hypoxia (IH) mimicking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly modifies gut microbiota in mice. 27397563 1 80 theme Intermittent 171:182 arg1 hypoxia 184:190 Intermittent hypoxia 171:190 Intermittent hypoxia (IH) mimicking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) 171:235 STUDY OBJECTIVES Intermittent hypoxia (IH) mimicking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly modifies gut microbiota in mice. 27397563 10 81 theme Deferribacteres 1365:1379 arg1 decrease 1277:1284 a significant decrease 1263:1284 a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes 1263:1318 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis showed that IH-exposed mice had a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a significant increase of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres compared to the NM group. 27397563 10 81 theme Deferribacteres 1365:1379 arg1 increase 1338:1345 a significant increase 1324:1345 a significant increase of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres 1324:1379 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis showed that IH-exposed mice had a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a significant increase of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres compared to the NM group. 27397563 13 82 theme gut 1832:1834 arg1 microbiota 1836:1845 gut microbiota 1832:1845 gut microbiota 1832:1845 CONCLUSIONS Even after prolonged normoxic recovery after IH exposures, gut microbiota and circulating endotoxemia remain negatively altered, suggesting that potential benefits of OSA treatment for reversing OSA-induced changes in gut microbiota may either require a longer period or alternative interventions. 27397563 6 83 theme RNA 884:886 arg1 pyrosequencing 895:908 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) pyrosequencing 870:908 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) pyrosequencing 870:908 Microbiome composition of fecal samples was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) pyrosequencing. 27397563 10 84 theme Firmicutes 1350:1359 arg1 decrease 1277:1284 a significant decrease 1263:1284 a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes 1263:1318 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis showed that IH-exposed mice had a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a significant increase of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres compared to the NM group. 27397563 10 84 theme Firmicutes 1350:1359 arg1 increase 1338:1345 a significant increase 1324:1345 a significant increase of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres 1324:1379 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis showed that IH-exposed mice had a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a significant increase of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres compared to the NM group. 27397563 10 85 theme rRNA 1202:1205 arg1 analysis 1222:1229 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis 1198:1229 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis 1198:1229 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis showed that IH-exposed mice had a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a significant increase of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres compared to the NM group. 27397563 0 86 theme Low-Grade 123:131 arg1 Endotoxemia 133:143 Low-Grade Endotoxemia 123:143 Low-Grade Endotoxemia 123:143 Normoxic Recovery Mimicking Treatment of Sleep Apnea Does Not Reverse Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Bacterial Dysbiosis and Low-Grade Endotoxemia in Mice. 27397563 13 87 theme normoxic 1794:1801 arg1 recovery 1803:1810 prolonged normoxic recovery 1784:1810 prolonged normoxic recovery after IH exposures, gut microbiota and circulating endotoxemia 1784:1873 CONCLUSIONS Even after prolonged normoxic recovery after IH exposures, gut microbiota and circulating endotoxemia remain negatively altered, suggesting that potential benefits of OSA treatment for reversing OSA-induced changes in gut microbiota may either require a longer period or alternative interventions. 27397563 10 88 theme NM 1397:1398 arg1 group 1400:1404 the NM group 1393:1404 the NM group 1393:1404 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis showed that IH-exposed mice had a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a significant increase of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres compared to the NM group. 27397563 2 89 dep oxygenation 379:389 arg1 equivalent 396:405 the equivalent 392:405 the equivalent of effective OSA therapy 392:430 However, whether these IH-induced gut microbiome changes are reversible after restoring normal oxygenation (the equivalent of effective OSA therapy) is unknown. 27397563 10 90 from decrease 1277:1284 arg1 abundance 1293:1301 the abundance 1289:1301 the abundance of Bacteroidetes 1289:1318 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis showed that IH-exposed mice had a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a significant increase of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres compared to the NM group. 27397563 1 91 dep OBJECTIVES 160:169 arg1 modifies 251:258 modifies 251:258 modifies gut microbiota in mice 251:281 STUDY OBJECTIVES Intermittent hypoxia (IH) mimicking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly modifies gut microbiota in mice. 27397563 0 92 theme Sleep 41:45 arg1 Apnea 47:51 Sleep Apnea 41:51 Sleep Apnea 41:51 Normoxic Recovery Mimicking Treatment of Sleep Apnea Does Not Reverse Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Bacterial Dysbiosis and Low-Grade Endotoxemia in Mice. 27397563 8 93 theme lipopolysaccharide 1004:1021 arg1 levels 1029:1034 Plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels 997:1034 Plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels 997:1034 Plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels were measured by endotoxin assay. 27397563 13 94 theme OSA-induced 1968:1978 arg1 changes 1980:1986 OSA-induced changes 1968:1986 OSA-induced changes in gut microbiota 1968:2004 CONCLUSIONS Even after prolonged normoxic recovery after IH exposures, gut microbiota and circulating endotoxemia remain negatively altered, suggesting that potential benefits of OSA treatment for reversing OSA-induced changes in gut microbiota may either require a longer period or alternative interventions. 27397563 2 95 theme OSA 420:422 arg1 therapy 424:430 effective OSA therapy 410:430 effective OSA therapy 410:430 However, whether these IH-induced gut microbiome changes are reversible after restoring normal oxygenation (the equivalent of effective OSA therapy) is unknown. 27397563 3 96 theme microbiota 490:499 arg1 composition 501:511 gut microbiota composition 486:511 gut microbiota composition 486:511 The aim of this study was to investigate gut microbiota composition and circulating endotoxemia after a post-IH normoxic period in a mouse model of OSA. 27397563 4 97 theme normoxic 707:714 arg1 NM 721:722 NM 721:722 NM 721:722 METHODS Ten mice were subjected to IH (40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2) for 6 h/day for 6 w and 10 mice breathing normoxic air (NM) were used as controls. 27397563 4 97 theme normoxic 707:714 arg1 air 716:718 normoxic air 707:718 normoxic air (NM) 707:723 METHODS Ten mice were subjected to IH (40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2) for 6 h/day for 6 w and 10 mice breathing normoxic air (NM) were used as controls. 27397563 13 98 theme OSA 1940:1942 arg1 treatment 1944:1952 OSA treatment 1940:1952 OSA treatment 1940:1952 CONCLUSIONS Even after prolonged normoxic recovery after IH exposures, gut microbiota and circulating endotoxemia remain negatively altered, suggesting that potential benefits of OSA treatment for reversing OSA-induced changes in gut microbiota may either require a longer period or alternative interventions. 27397563 12 99 theme Desulfovibrio 1710:1722 arg1 abundance 1679:1687 the abundance 1675:1687 the abundance of Mucispirillum and Desulfovibrio 1675:1722 Moreover, the IH group showed a negative and significant correlation between the abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus and significant positive correlations between the abundance of Mucispirillum and Desulfovibrio and plasma LPS levels, respectively. 24915829 0 0 theme Crevost 82:88 arg1 fruits 58:63 the fruits 54:63 the fruits of Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire, a Chinese spice 54:116 Bioactivity evaluation of ingredients identified from the fruits of Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire, a Chinese spice. 24915829 6 1 theme μg 1292:1293 arg1 -1 1298:1299 -1 1298:1299 -1 1298:1299 Quercetin also exhibited excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%), which was very close to Vc at the same concentration. 24915829 6 1 theme μg 1292:1293 arg1 mL 1295:1296 100 μg mL 1288:1296 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%) 1288:1337 Quercetin also exhibited excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%), which was very close to Vc at the same concentration. 24915829 6 1 theme μg 1292:1293 arg1 % 1336:1336 DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80% 1303:1336 DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80% 1303:1336 Quercetin also exhibited excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%), which was very close to Vc at the same concentration. 24915829 3 2 from production 729:738 arg1 cells 779:783 LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells 743:783 LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells 743:783 Their bioactivities were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. 24915829 5 3 theme strongest 1058:1066 arg1 effect 1084:1089 the strongest neuroprotective effect 1054:1089 the strongest neuroprotective effect of PC-12 cells induced by H2O2 1054:1120 In addition, quercetin showed the strongest neuroprotective effect of PC-12 cells induced by H2O2, and the cell viability was up to 78.9% at a concentration of 50 μg mL(-1). 24915829 3 4 theme DPPH 857:860 arg1 assay 881:885 the DPPH radical scavenging assay 853:885 the DPPH radical scavenging assay 853:885 Their bioactivities were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. 24915829 1 5 theme traditional 216:226 arg1 spice 236:240 a traditional Chinese spice 214:240 a traditional Chinese spice 214:240 In this work, a phytochemical investigation was conducted on Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire, a traditional Chinese spice. 24915829 1 5 theme traditional 216:226 arg1 Crevost 194:200 Crevost 194:200 Crevost 194:200 In this work, a phytochemical investigation was conducted on Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire, a traditional Chinese spice. 24915829 6 6 theme radical-scavenging 1238:1255 arg1 activity 1257:1264 excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity 1223:1264 excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity 1223:1264 Quercetin also exhibited excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%), which was very close to Vc at the same concentration. 24915829 3 7 theme cells 843:847 arg1 assay 881:885 the DPPH radical scavenging assay 853:885 the DPPH radical scavenging assay 853:885 Their bioactivities were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. 24915829 3 7 theme cells 843:847 arg1 effect 801:806 the protective effect 786:806 the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells 786:847 Their bioactivities were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. 24915829 3 7 theme cells 843:847 arg1 effect 716:721 the inhibitory effect 701:721 the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells 701:783 Their bioactivities were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. 24915829 1 8 theme Chinese 228:234 arg1 spice 236:240 a traditional Chinese spice 214:240 a traditional Chinese spice 214:240 In this work, a phytochemical investigation was conducted on Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire, a traditional Chinese spice. 24915829 1 8 theme Chinese 228:234 arg1 Crevost 194:200 Crevost 194:200 Crevost 194:200 In this work, a phytochemical investigation was conducted on Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire, a traditional Chinese spice. 24915829 5 9 theme PC-12 1094:1098 arg1 cells 1100:1104 PC-12 cells 1094:1104 PC-12 cells induced by H2O2 1094:1120 In addition, quercetin showed the strongest neuroprotective effect of PC-12 cells induced by H2O2, and the cell viability was up to 78.9% at a concentration of 50 μg mL(-1). 24915829 6 10 from concentration 1379:1391 arg1 concentration 1271:1283 a concentration 1269:1283 a concentration 1269:1283 Quercetin also exhibited excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%), which was very close to Vc at the same concentration. 24915829 6 10 from concentration 1379:1391 arg1 Vc 1364:1365 Vc 1364:1365 Vc 1364:1365 Quercetin also exhibited excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%), which was very close to Vc at the same concentration. 24915829 5 11 theme μg 1187:1188 arg1 -1 1193:1194 -1 1193:1194 -1 1193:1194 In addition, quercetin showed the strongest neuroprotective effect of PC-12 cells induced by H2O2, and the cell viability was up to 78.9% at a concentration of 50 μg mL(-1). 24915829 5 11 theme μg 1187:1188 arg1 mL 1190:1191 50 μg mL 1184:1191 50 μg mL(-1) 1184:1195 In addition, quercetin showed the strongest neuroprotective effect of PC-12 cells induced by H2O2, and the cell viability was up to 78.9% at a concentration of 50 μg mL(-1). 24915829 4 12 dep 63.65 980:984 arg1 to 977:978 to 977:978 to 977:978 Epicatechin exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory properties; its inhibition rate was up to 63.65% at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1). 24915829 2 13 theme spectroscopic 252:264 arg1 MS 284:285 MS 284:285 MS 284:285 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 24915829 2 13 theme spectroscopic 252:264 arg1 methods 266:272 spectroscopic methods 252:272 spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol 252:505 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 24915829 2 13 theme spectroscopic 252:264 arg1 sitosterol 374:383 sitosterol 374:383 sitosterol 374:383 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 24915829 2 13 theme spectroscopic 252:264 arg1 compositions 360:371 eight main chemical compositions 340:371 eight main chemical compositions 340:371 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 24915829 2 13 theme spectroscopic 252:264 arg1 quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside 440:464 quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside 440:464 quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside 440:464 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 24915829 2 13 theme spectroscopic 252:264 arg1 quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside 467:491 quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside 467:491 quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside 467:491 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 24915829 2 13 theme spectroscopic 252:264 arg1 quercetin 416:424 quercetin 416:424 quercetin 416:424 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 24915829 2 13 theme spectroscopic 252:264 arg1 spectroscopy 326:337 HMQC spectroscopy 321:337 HMQC spectroscopy 321:337 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 24915829 2 13 theme spectroscopic 252:264 arg1 C-NMR 302:306 (13)C-NMR 298:306 (13)C-NMR 298:306 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 24915829 2 13 theme spectroscopic 252:264 arg1 catechol 498:505 catechol 498:505 catechol 498:505 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 24915829 2 13 theme spectroscopic 252:264 arg1 epicatechin 427:437 epicatechin 427:437 epicatechin 427:437 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 24915829 2 13 theme spectroscopic 252:264 arg1 H-NMR 291:295 (1)H-NMR 288:295 (1)H-NMR 288:295 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 24915829 2 13 theme spectroscopic 252:264 arg1 daucosterol 386:396 daucosterol 386:396 daucosterol 386:396 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 24915829 2 13 theme spectroscopic 252:264 arg1 DEPT135 309:315 DEPT135 309:315 DEPT135 309:315 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 24915829 2 13 theme spectroscopic 252:264 arg1 meso-hannokinol 399:413 meso-hannokinol 399:413 meso-hannokinol 399:413 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 24915829 3 14 theme protective 790:799 arg1 effect 801:806 the protective effect 786:806 the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells 786:847 Their bioactivities were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. 24915829 4 15 theme inhibition 954:963 arg1 rate 965:968 its inhibition rate 950:968 its inhibition rate 950:968 Epicatechin exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory properties; its inhibition rate was up to 63.65% at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1). 24915829 4 16 theme mL 1016:1017 arg1 concentration 992:1004 a concentration 990:1004 a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1) 990:1021 Epicatechin exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory properties; its inhibition rate was up to 63.65% at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1). 24915829 5 17 from concentration 1167:1179 arg1 % 1160:1160 up to 78.9% 1150:1160 up to 78.9% 1150:1160 In addition, quercetin showed the strongest neuroprotective effect of PC-12 cells induced by H2O2, and the cell viability was up to 78.9% at a concentration of 50 μg mL(-1). 24915829 5 17 from concentration 1167:1179 arg1 viability 1136:1144 the cell viability 1127:1144 the cell viability 1127:1144 In addition, quercetin showed the strongest neuroprotective effect of PC-12 cells induced by H2O2, and the cell viability was up to 78.9% at a concentration of 50 μg mL(-1). 24915829 1 18 theme phytochemical 135:147 arg1 investigation 149:161 a phytochemical investigation 133:161 a phytochemical investigation 133:161 In this work, a phytochemical investigation was conducted on Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire, a traditional Chinese spice. 24915829 3 19 from effect 716:721 arg1 apoptosis 824:832 H2O2-induced apoptosis 811:832 H2O2-induced apoptosis 811:832 Their bioactivities were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. 24915829 3 19 from effect 716:721 arg1 production 729:738 NO production 726:738 NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells 726:783 Their bioactivities were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. 24915829 6 20 theme rate 1327:1330 arg1 mL 1295:1296 100 μg mL 1288:1296 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%) 1288:1337 Quercetin also exhibited excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%), which was very close to Vc at the same concentration. 24915829 6 20 theme rate 1327:1330 arg1 % 1336:1336 DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80% 1303:1336 DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80% 1303:1336 Quercetin also exhibited excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%), which was very close to Vc at the same concentration. 24915829 3 21 theme radical 862:868 arg1 assay 881:885 the DPPH radical scavenging assay 853:885 the DPPH radical scavenging assay 853:885 Their bioactivities were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. 24915829 6 22 theme > 1332:1332 arg1 mL 1295:1296 100 μg mL 1288:1296 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%) 1288:1337 Quercetin also exhibited excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%), which was very close to Vc at the same concentration. 24915829 6 22 theme > 1332:1332 arg1 % 1336:1336 DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80% 1303:1336 DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80% 1303:1336 Quercetin also exhibited excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%), which was very close to Vc at the same concentration. 24915829 5 23 theme cell 1131:1134 arg1 % 1160:1160 up to 78.9% 1150:1160 up to 78.9% 1150:1160 In addition, quercetin showed the strongest neuroprotective effect of PC-12 cells induced by H2O2, and the cell viability was up to 78.9% at a concentration of 50 μg mL(-1). 24915829 5 23 theme cell 1131:1134 arg1 viability 1136:1144 the cell viability 1127:1144 the cell viability 1127:1144 In addition, quercetin showed the strongest neuroprotective effect of PC-12 cells induced by H2O2, and the cell viability was up to 78.9% at a concentration of 50 μg mL(-1). 24915829 0 24 dep Crevost 82:88 arg1 Lemaire 93:99 Lemaire 93:99 Lemaire 93:99 Bioactivity evaluation of ingredients identified from the fruits of Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire, a Chinese spice. 24915829 0 24 dep Crevost 82:88 arg1 et 90:91 Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire 68:99 Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire 68:99 Bioactivity evaluation of ingredients identified from the fruits of Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire, a Chinese spice. 24915829 3 25 theme scavenging 870:879 arg1 assay 881:885 the DPPH radical scavenging assay 853:885 the DPPH radical scavenging assay 853:885 Their bioactivities were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. 24915829 6 26 theme same 1374:1377 arg1 concentration 1379:1391 the same concentration 1370:1391 the same concentration 1370:1391 Quercetin also exhibited excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%), which was very close to Vc at the same concentration. 24915829 0 27 theme Bioactivity 0:10 arg1 evaluation 12:21 Bioactivity evaluation 0:21 Bioactivity evaluation of ingredients identified from the fruits of Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire, a Chinese spice. 0:117 Bioactivity evaluation of ingredients identified from the fruits of Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire, a Chinese spice. 24915829 4 28 theme anti-inflammatory 920:936 arg1 properties 938:947 excellent anti-inflammatory properties 910:947 excellent anti-inflammatory properties 910:947 Epicatechin exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory properties; its inhibition rate was up to 63.65% at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1). 24915829 0 29 theme ingredients 26:36 arg1 evaluation 12:21 Bioactivity evaluation 0:21 Bioactivity evaluation of ingredients identified from the fruits of Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire, a Chinese spice. 0:117 Bioactivity evaluation of ingredients identified from the fruits of Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire, a Chinese spice. 24915829 3 30 theme NO 726:727 arg1 production 729:738 NO production 726:738 NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells 726:783 Their bioactivities were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. 24915829 7 31 theme health 1467:1472 arg1 functions 1474:1482 their own health functions 1457:1482 their own health functions 1457:1482 It is concluded that, in A. tsaoko, different ingredients have their own health functions. 24915829 2 32 theme main 346:349 arg1 compositions 360:371 eight main chemical compositions 340:371 eight main chemical compositions 340:371 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 24915829 2 33 theme chemical 351:358 arg1 compositions 360:371 eight main chemical compositions 340:371 eight main chemical compositions 340:371 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 24915829 3 34 theme inhibitory 705:714 arg1 effect 716:721 the inhibitory effect 701:721 the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells 701:783 Their bioactivities were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. 24915829 0 35 theme Chinese 104:110 arg1 Crevost 82:88 Crevost 82:88 Crevost 82:88 Bioactivity evaluation of ingredients identified from the fruits of Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire, a Chinese spice. 24915829 0 35 theme Chinese 104:110 arg1 spice 112:116 a Chinese spice 102:116 a Chinese spice 102:116 Bioactivity evaluation of ingredients identified from the fruits of Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire, a Chinese spice. 24915829 2 36 dep H-NMR 291:295 arg1 1 289:289 1 289:289 1 289:289 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 24915829 6 37 theme DPPH 1303:1306 arg1 mL 1295:1296 100 μg mL 1288:1296 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%) 1288:1337 Quercetin also exhibited excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%), which was very close to Vc at the same concentration. 24915829 6 37 theme DPPH 1303:1306 arg1 % 1336:1336 DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80% 1303:1336 DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80% 1303:1336 Quercetin also exhibited excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%), which was very close to Vc at the same concentration. 24915829 4 38 from concentration 992:1004 arg1 % 985:985 up to 63.65% 974:985 up to 63.65% 974:985 Epicatechin exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory properties; its inhibition rate was up to 63.65% at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1). 24915829 3 39 from effect 801:806 arg1 apoptosis 824:832 H2O2-induced apoptosis 811:832 H2O2-induced apoptosis 811:832 Their bioactivities were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. 24915829 3 39 from effect 801:806 arg1 production 729:738 NO production 726:738 NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells 726:783 Their bioactivities were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. 24915829 2 40 theme HMQC 321:324 arg1 spectroscopy 326:337 HMQC spectroscopy 321:337 HMQC spectroscopy 321:337 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 24915829 3 41 theme LPS-stimulated 743:756 arg1 cells 779:783 LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells 743:783 LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells 743:783 Their bioactivities were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. 24915829 4 42 theme excellent 910:918 arg1 properties 938:947 excellent anti-inflammatory properties 910:947 excellent anti-inflammatory properties 910:947 Epicatechin exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory properties; its inhibition rate was up to 63.65% at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1). 24915829 5 43 dep 78.9 1156:1159 arg1 to 1153:1154 to 1153:1154 to 1153:1154 In addition, quercetin showed the strongest neuroprotective effect of PC-12 cells induced by H2O2, and the cell viability was up to 78.9% at a concentration of 50 μg mL(-1). 24915829 4 44 theme μg 1013:1014 arg1 -1 1019:1020 -1 1019:1020 -1 1019:1020 Epicatechin exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory properties; its inhibition rate was up to 63.65% at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1). 24915829 4 44 theme μg 1013:1014 arg1 mL 1016:1017 100 μg mL 1009:1017 100 μg mL(-1) 1009:1021 Epicatechin exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory properties; its inhibition rate was up to 63.65% at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1). 24915829 3 45 theme macrophage 758:767 arg1 cells 779:783 LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells 743:783 LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells 743:783 Their bioactivities were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. 24915829 6 46 theme DPPH 1233:1236 arg1 activity 1257:1264 excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity 1223:1264 excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity 1223:1264 Quercetin also exhibited excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%), which was very close to Vc at the same concentration. 24915829 6 47 theme excellent 1223:1231 arg1 activity 1257:1264 excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity 1223:1264 excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity 1223:1264 Quercetin also exhibited excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%), which was very close to Vc at the same concentration. 24915829 7 48 theme different 1430:1438 arg1 ingredients 1440:1450 different ingredients 1430:1450 different ingredients 1430:1450 It is concluded that, in A. tsaoko, different ingredients have their own health functions. 24915829 7 49 theme own 1463:1465 arg1 functions 1474:1482 their own health functions 1457:1482 their own health functions 1457:1482 It is concluded that, in A. tsaoko, different ingredients have their own health functions. 24915829 5 50 theme cells 1100:1104 arg1 effect 1084:1089 the strongest neuroprotective effect 1054:1089 the strongest neuroprotective effect of PC-12 cells induced by H2O2 1054:1120 In addition, quercetin showed the strongest neuroprotective effect of PC-12 cells induced by H2O2, and the cell viability was up to 78.9% at a concentration of 50 μg mL(-1). 24915829 5 51 theme mL 1190:1191 arg1 concentration 1167:1179 a concentration 1165:1179 a concentration of 50 μg mL(-1) 1165:1195 In addition, quercetin showed the strongest neuroprotective effect of PC-12 cells induced by H2O2, and the cell viability was up to 78.9% at a concentration of 50 μg mL(-1). 24915829 3 52 theme PC-12 837:841 arg1 cells 843:847 PC-12 cells 837:847 PC-12 cells 837:847 Their bioactivities were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. 24915829 7 53 contain have 1452:1455 arg2 functions 1474:1482 their own health functions 1457:1482 their own health functions 1457:1482 It is concluded that, in A. tsaoko, different ingredients have their own health functions. 24915829 7 53 contain have 1452:1455 arg1 ingredients 1440:1450 different ingredients 1430:1450 different ingredients 1430:1450 It is concluded that, in A. tsaoko, different ingredients have their own health functions. 24915829 1 54 dep Crevost 194:200 arg1 et 202:203 Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire 180:211 Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire 180:211 In this work, a phytochemical investigation was conducted on Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire, a traditional Chinese spice. 24915829 1 54 dep Crevost 194:200 arg1 Lemaire 205:211 Lemaire 205:211 Lemaire 205:211 In this work, a phytochemical investigation was conducted on Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire, a traditional Chinese spice. 24915829 3 55 theme H2O2-induced 811:822 arg1 apoptosis 824:832 H2O2-induced apoptosis 811:832 H2O2-induced apoptosis 811:832 Their bioactivities were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. 24915829 6 56 theme radical 1308:1314 arg1 mL 1295:1296 100 μg mL 1288:1296 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%) 1288:1337 Quercetin also exhibited excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%), which was very close to Vc at the same concentration. 24915829 6 56 theme radical 1308:1314 arg1 % 1336:1336 DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80% 1303:1336 DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80% 1303:1336 Quercetin also exhibited excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%), which was very close to Vc at the same concentration. 24915829 6 57 theme inhibition 1316:1325 arg1 mL 1295:1296 100 μg mL 1288:1296 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%) 1288:1337 Quercetin also exhibited excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%), which was very close to Vc at the same concentration. 24915829 6 57 theme inhibition 1316:1325 arg1 % 1336:1336 DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80% 1303:1336 DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80% 1303:1336 Quercetin also exhibited excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%), which was very close to Vc at the same concentration. 24915829 3 58 from assay 881:885 arg1 apoptosis 824:832 H2O2-induced apoptosis 811:832 H2O2-induced apoptosis 811:832 Their bioactivities were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. 24915829 3 58 from assay 881:885 arg1 production 729:738 NO production 726:738 NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells 726:783 Their bioactivities were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. 24915829 3 59 theme RAW 769:771 arg1 cells 779:783 LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells 743:783 LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells 743:783 Their bioactivities were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. 24915829 6 60 theme mL 1295:1296 arg1 concentration 1271:1283 a concentration 1269:1283 a concentration 1269:1283 Quercetin also exhibited excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%), which was very close to Vc at the same concentration. 24915829 6 60 theme mL 1295:1296 arg1 Vc 1364:1365 Vc 1364:1365 Vc 1364:1365 Quercetin also exhibited excellent DPPH radical-scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg mL(-1) (DPPH radical inhibition rate > 80%), which was very close to Vc at the same concentration. 24915829 5 61 theme neuroprotective 1068:1082 arg1 effect 1084:1089 the strongest neuroprotective effect 1054:1089 the strongest neuroprotective effect of PC-12 cells induced by H2O2 1054:1120 In addition, quercetin showed the strongest neuroprotective effect of PC-12 cells induced by H2O2, and the cell viability was up to 78.9% at a concentration of 50 μg mL(-1). 24915829 2 62 located found 643:647 arg2 quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside 576:600 quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside 576:600 quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside 576:600 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 24915829 2 62 located found 643:647 arg1 tsaoko 655:660 tsaoko 655:660 tsaoko 655:660 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 24915829 2 62 located found 643:647 arg2 quercetin 565:573 quercetin 565:573 quercetin 565:573 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 24915829 2 62 located found 643:647 arg2 quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside 606:630 quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside 606:630 quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside 606:630 Based on spectroscopic methods including MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, DEPT135 and HMQC spectroscopy, eight main chemical compositions, sitosterol, daucosterol, meso-hannokinol, quercetin, epicatechin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and catechol, were isolated and identified from A. tsaoko, among which quercetin, quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside were first found in A. tsaoko. 27089462 3 0 theme strain 285:290 arg1 AP-115T 292:298 strain AP-115T 285:298 strain AP-115T 285:298 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain AP-115T was grouped into the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to Paenibacillus amylolyticus (98.8 %), Paenibacillus tundrae and Paenibacillus barcinonensis (both 98.4 %). 27089462 2 1 theme bacterial 117:125 arg1 strain 127:132 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain 64:132 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain 64:132 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem of a cucumber plant, was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. 27089462 8 2 theme anteiso-branched 1046:1061 arg1 acids 1026:1030 The major fatty acids 1010:1030 The major fatty acids 1010:1030 The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 27089462 8 2 theme anteiso-branched 1046:1061 arg1 acids 1069:1073 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 1037:1073 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 1037:1073 The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 27089462 10 3 theme name 1293:1296 arg1 sp 1320:1321 the name Paenibacillus cucumis sp 1289:1321 the name Paenibacillus cucumis sp 1289:1321 Thus, AP-115T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus cucumis sp. 27089462 8 4 theme fatty 1063:1067 arg1 acids 1026:1030 The major fatty acids 1010:1030 The major fatty acids 1010:1030 The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 27089462 8 4 theme fatty 1063:1067 arg1 acids 1069:1073 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 1037:1073 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 1037:1073 The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 27089462 8 5 theme fatty 1020:1024 arg1 acids 1026:1030 The major fatty acids 1010:1030 The major fatty acids 1010:1030 The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 27089462 8 5 theme fatty 1020:1024 arg1 acids 1069:1073 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 1037:1073 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 1037:1073 The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 27089462 5 6 theme strain 627:632 arg1 allocation 609:618 allocation 609:618 allocation of the strain to the genus Paenibacillus 609:659 Chemotaxonomic characterization supported allocation of the strain to the genus Paenibacillus. 27089462 7 7 theme meso-diaminopimelic 984:1002 arg1 acid 954:957 the diagnostic diamino acid 931:957 the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 931:978 The major component in the polyamine pattern was spermidine, and the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27089462 7 7 theme meso-diaminopimelic 984:1002 arg1 acid 1004:1007 meso-diaminopimelic acid 984:1007 meso-diaminopimelic acid 984:1007 The major component in the polyamine pattern was spermidine, and the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27089462 7 8 theme polyamine 893:901 arg1 pattern 903:909 the polyamine pattern 889:909 the polyamine pattern 889:909 The major component in the polyamine pattern was spermidine, and the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27089462 4 9 theme Paenibacillus 540:552 arg1 species 519:525 other species 513:525 other species of the genus Paenibacillus 513:552 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other species of the genus Paenibacillus was ≤98.4 %. 27089462 6 10 contain contained 681:689 arg1 system 674:679 The quinone system 662:679 The quinone system 662:679 The quinone system contained exclusively menaquinone MK-7, and in the polar lipid profile diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine were predominating. 27089462 6 10 contain contained 681:689 arg2 MK-7 715:718 menaquinone MK-7 703:718 menaquinone MK-7 703:718 The quinone system contained exclusively menaquinone MK-7, and in the polar lipid profile diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine were predominating. 27089462 8 11 theme major 1014:1018 arg1 acids 1026:1030 The major fatty acids 1010:1030 The major fatty acids 1010:1030 The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 27089462 8 11 theme major 1014:1018 arg1 acids 1069:1073 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 1037:1073 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 1037:1073 The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 27089462 1 12 theme cucumber 48:55 arg1 plant 57:61 a cucumber plant 46:61 a cucumber plant 46:61 nov., isolated from a cucumber plant. 27089462 9 13 theme physiological 1091:1103 arg1 tests 1121:1125 physiological and biochemical tests 1091:1125 physiological and biochemical tests 1091:1125 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-115T from closely related species. 27089462 9 14 theme tests 1121:1125 arg1 results 1080:1086 The results 1076:1086 The results of physiological and biochemical tests 1076:1125 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-115T from closely related species. 27089462 5 15 theme Chemotaxonomic 567:580 arg1 characterization 582:597 Chemotaxonomic characterization 567:597 Chemotaxonomic characterization 567:597 Chemotaxonomic characterization supported allocation of the strain to the genus Paenibacillus. 27089462 7 16 theme peptidoglycan 966:978 arg1 acid 954:957 the diagnostic diamino acid 931:957 the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 931:978 The major component in the polyamine pattern was spermidine, and the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27089462 7 16 theme peptidoglycan 966:978 arg1 acid 1004:1007 meso-diaminopimelic acid 984:1007 meso-diaminopimelic acid 984:1007 The major component in the polyamine pattern was spermidine, and the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27089462 10 17 theme novel 1237:1241 arg1 species 1243:1249 a novel species 1235:1249 a novel species 1235:1249 Thus, AP-115T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus cucumis sp. 27089462 11 18 theme type 1386:1389 arg1 strain 1391:1396 the type strain 1382:1396 the type strain 1382:1396 nov. is proposed, with AP-115T (=LMG 29222T=CCM 8653T) as the type strain. 27089462 11 19 theme 29222T=CCM 1361:1370 arg1 AP-115T 1347:1353 AP-115T 1347:1353 AP-115T (=LMG 29222T=CCM 8653T) as the type strain 1347:1396 nov. is proposed, with AP-115T (=LMG 29222T=CCM 8653T) as the type strain. 27089462 11 19 theme 29222T=CCM 1361:1370 arg1 8653T 1372:1376 =LMG 29222T=CCM 8653T 1356:1376 =LMG 29222T=CCM 8653T 1356:1376 nov. is proposed, with AP-115T (=LMG 29222T=CCM 8653T) as the type strain. 27089462 6 20 theme quinone 666:672 arg1 system 674:679 The quinone system 662:679 The quinone system 662:679 The quinone system contained exclusively menaquinone MK-7, and in the polar lipid profile diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine were predominating. 27089462 4 21 theme sequence 490:497 arg1 % 564:564 ≤98.4 % 558:564 ≤98.4 % 558:564 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other species of the genus Paenibacillus was ≤98.4 %. 27089462 4 21 theme sequence 490:497 arg1 similarity 499:508 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 472:508 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other species of the genus Paenibacillus 472:552 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other species of the genus Paenibacillus was ≤98.4 %. 27089462 0 22 theme cucumis 14:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Paenibacillus cucumis sp 0:23 Paenibacillus cucumis sp. 0:24 Paenibacillus cucumis sp. 27089462 7 23 theme diamino 946:952 arg1 acid 954:957 the diagnostic diamino acid 931:957 the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 931:978 The major component in the polyamine pattern was spermidine, and the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27089462 7 23 theme diamino 946:952 arg1 acid 1004:1007 meso-diaminopimelic acid 984:1007 meso-diaminopimelic acid 984:1007 The major component in the polyamine pattern was spermidine, and the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27089462 3 24 dep % 468:468 arg1 both 458:461 both 458:461 both 458:461 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain AP-115T was grouped into the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to Paenibacillus amylolyticus (98.8 %), Paenibacillus tundrae and Paenibacillus barcinonensis (both 98.4 %). 27089462 7 25 theme major 870:874 arg1 component 876:884 The major component 866:884 The major component in the polyamine pattern 866:909 The major component in the polyamine pattern was spermidine, and the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27089462 7 25 theme major 870:874 arg1 spermidine 915:924 spermidine 915:924 spermidine 915:924 The major component in the polyamine pattern was spermidine, and the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27089462 0 26 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 22:23 Paenibacillus cucumis sp 0:23 Paenibacillus cucumis sp. 0:24 Paenibacillus cucumis sp. 27089462 7 27 theme diagnostic 935:944 arg1 acid 954:957 the diagnostic diamino acid 931:957 the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 931:978 The major component in the polyamine pattern was spermidine, and the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27089462 7 27 theme diagnostic 935:944 arg1 acid 1004:1007 meso-diaminopimelic acid 984:1007 meso-diaminopimelic acid 984:1007 The major component in the polyamine pattern was spermidine, and the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27089462 9 28 from species 1201:1207 arg1 differentiation 1146:1160 phenotypic differentiation 1135:1160 phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-115T from closely related species 1135:1207 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-115T from closely related species. 27089462 8 29 theme iso- 1037:1040 arg1 acids 1026:1030 The major fatty acids 1010:1030 The major fatty acids 1010:1030 The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 27089462 8 29 theme iso- 1037:1040 arg1 acids 1069:1073 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 1037:1073 iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 1037:1073 The major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. 27089462 3 30 theme rRNA 242:245 arg1 comparisons 272:282 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 238:282 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 238:282 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain AP-115T was grouped into the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to Paenibacillus amylolyticus (98.8 %), Paenibacillus tundrae and Paenibacillus barcinonensis (both 98.4 %). 27089462 6 31 theme lipid 738:742 arg1 profile 744:750 the polar lipid profile 728:750 the polar lipid profile 728:750 The quinone system contained exclusively menaquinone MK-7, and in the polar lipid profile diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine were predominating. 27089462 9 32 theme phenotypic 1135:1144 arg1 differentiation 1146:1160 phenotypic differentiation 1135:1160 phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-115T from closely related species 1135:1207 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-115T from closely related species. 27089462 3 33 theme gene 247:250 arg1 comparisons 272:282 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 238:282 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 238:282 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain AP-115T was grouped into the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to Paenibacillus amylolyticus (98.8 %), Paenibacillus tundrae and Paenibacillus barcinonensis (both 98.4 %). 27089462 2 34 theme cucumber 163:170 arg1 plant 172:176 a cucumber plant 161:176 a cucumber plant 161:176 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem of a cucumber plant, was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. 27089462 3 35 theme Paenibacillus 429:441 arg1 barcinonensis 443:455 Paenibacillus barcinonensis 429:455 Paenibacillus barcinonensis 429:455 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain AP-115T was grouped into the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to Paenibacillus amylolyticus (98.8 %), Paenibacillus tundrae and Paenibacillus barcinonensis (both 98.4 %). 27089462 3 35 theme Paenibacillus 429:441 arg1 amylolyticus 380:391 Paenibacillus amylolyticus 366:391 Paenibacillus amylolyticus (98.8 %) 366:400 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain AP-115T was grouped into the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to Paenibacillus amylolyticus (98.8 %), Paenibacillus tundrae and Paenibacillus barcinonensis (both 98.4 %). 27089462 4 36 theme other 513:517 arg1 species 519:525 other species 513:525 other species of the genus Paenibacillus 513:552 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other species of the genus Paenibacillus was ≤98.4 %. 27089462 3 37 theme Paenibacillus 403:415 arg1 tundrae 417:423 Paenibacillus tundrae 403:423 Paenibacillus tundrae 403:423 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain AP-115T was grouped into the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to Paenibacillus amylolyticus (98.8 %), Paenibacillus tundrae and Paenibacillus barcinonensis (both 98.4 %). 27089462 3 37 theme Paenibacillus 403:415 arg1 amylolyticus 380:391 Paenibacillus amylolyticus 366:391 Paenibacillus amylolyticus (98.8 %) 366:400 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain AP-115T was grouped into the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to Paenibacillus amylolyticus (98.8 %), Paenibacillus tundrae and Paenibacillus barcinonensis (both 98.4 %). 27089462 3 37 theme Paenibacillus 403:415 arg1 % 468:468 98.4 % 463:468 98.4 % 463:468 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain AP-115T was grouped into the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to Paenibacillus amylolyticus (98.8 %), Paenibacillus tundrae and Paenibacillus barcinonensis (both 98.4 %). 27089462 4 38 theme rRNA 480:483 arg1 % 564:564 ≤98.4 % 558:564 ≤98.4 % 558:564 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other species of the genus Paenibacillus was ≤98.4 %. 27089462 4 38 theme rRNA 480:483 arg1 similarity 499:508 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 472:508 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other species of the genus Paenibacillus 472:552 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other species of the genus Paenibacillus was ≤98.4 %. 27089462 3 39 theme 16S 238:240 arg1 comparisons 272:282 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 238:282 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 238:282 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain AP-115T was grouped into the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to Paenibacillus amylolyticus (98.8 %), Paenibacillus tundrae and Paenibacillus barcinonensis (both 98.4 %). 27089462 6 40 theme polar 732:736 arg1 profile 744:750 the polar lipid profile 728:750 the polar lipid profile 728:750 The quinone system contained exclusively menaquinone MK-7, and in the polar lipid profile diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine were predominating. 27089462 4 41 theme 16S 476:478 arg1 % 564:564 ≤98.4 % 558:564 ≤98.4 % 558:564 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other species of the genus Paenibacillus was ≤98.4 %. 27089462 4 41 theme 16S 476:478 arg1 similarity 499:508 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 472:508 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other species of the genus Paenibacillus 472:552 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other species of the genus Paenibacillus was ≤98.4 %. 27089462 5 42 theme Paenibacillus 647:659 arg1 genus 641:645 the genus Paenibacillus 637:659 the genus Paenibacillus 637:659 Chemotaxonomic characterization supported allocation of the strain to the genus Paenibacillus. 27089462 3 43 theme Paenibacillus 366:378 arg1 tundrae 417:423 Paenibacillus tundrae 403:423 Paenibacillus tundrae 403:423 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain AP-115T was grouped into the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to Paenibacillus amylolyticus (98.8 %), Paenibacillus tundrae and Paenibacillus barcinonensis (both 98.4 %). 27089462 3 43 theme Paenibacillus 366:378 arg1 barcinonensis 443:455 Paenibacillus barcinonensis 429:455 Paenibacillus barcinonensis 429:455 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain AP-115T was grouped into the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to Paenibacillus amylolyticus (98.8 %), Paenibacillus tundrae and Paenibacillus barcinonensis (both 98.4 %). 27089462 3 43 theme Paenibacillus 366:378 arg1 amylolyticus 380:391 Paenibacillus amylolyticus 366:391 Paenibacillus amylolyticus (98.8 %) 366:400 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain AP-115T was grouped into the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to Paenibacillus amylolyticus (98.8 %), Paenibacillus tundrae and Paenibacillus barcinonensis (both 98.4 %). 27089462 3 43 theme Paenibacillus 366:378 arg1 % 399:399 98.8 % 394:399 98.8 % 394:399 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain AP-115T was grouped into the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to Paenibacillus amylolyticus (98.8 %), Paenibacillus tundrae and Paenibacillus barcinonensis (both 98.4 %). 27089462 2 44 theme Gram-positive-staining 66:87 arg1 strain 127:132 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain 64:132 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain 64:132 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem of a cucumber plant, was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. 27089462 4 45 theme gene 485:488 arg1 % 564:564 ≤98.4 % 558:564 ≤98.4 % 558:564 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other species of the genus Paenibacillus was ≤98.4 %. 27089462 4 45 theme gene 485:488 arg1 similarity 499:508 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 472:508 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other species of the genus Paenibacillus 472:552 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other species of the genus Paenibacillus was ≤98.4 %. 27089462 3 46 theme sequence 252:259 arg1 comparisons 272:282 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 238:282 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 238:282 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain AP-115T was grouped into the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to Paenibacillus amylolyticus (98.8 %), Paenibacillus tundrae and Paenibacillus barcinonensis (both 98.4 %). 27089462 10 47 theme cucumis 1312:1318 arg1 sp 1320:1321 the name Paenibacillus cucumis sp 1289:1321 the name Paenibacillus cucumis sp 1289:1321 Thus, AP-115T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus cucumis sp. 27089462 9 48 theme AP-115T 1172:1178 arg1 differentiation 1146:1160 phenotypic differentiation 1135:1160 phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-115T from closely related species 1135:1207 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-115T from closely related species. 27089462 3 49 theme similarity 261:270 arg1 comparisons 272:282 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 238:282 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 238:282 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain AP-115T was grouped into the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to Paenibacillus amylolyticus (98.8 %), Paenibacillus tundrae and Paenibacillus barcinonensis (both 98.4 %). 27089462 9 50 theme strain 1165:1170 arg1 AP-115T 1172:1178 strain AP-115T 1165:1178 strain AP-115T 1165:1178 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-115T from closely related species. 27089462 9 51 theme related 1193:1199 arg1 species 1201:1207 closely related species 1185:1207 closely related species 1185:1207 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-115T from closely related species. 27089462 2 52 attach isolated 135:142 arg1 stem 153:156 the stem 149:156 the stem of a cucumber plant 149:176 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem of a cucumber plant, was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. 27089462 2 52 attach isolated 135:142 arg2 strain 127:132 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain 64:132 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain 64:132 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem of a cucumber plant, was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. 27089462 10 53 theme Paenibacillus 1264:1276 arg1 genus 1258:1262 the genus Paenibacillus 1254:1276 the genus Paenibacillus 1254:1276 Thus, AP-115T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus cucumis sp. 27089462 9 54 theme biochemical 1109:1119 arg1 tests 1121:1125 physiological and biochemical tests 1091:1125 physiological and biochemical tests 1091:1125 The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain AP-115T from closely related species. 27089462 2 55 theme plant 172:176 arg1 stem 153:156 the stem 149:156 the stem of a cucumber plant 149:176 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem of a cucumber plant, was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. 27089462 7 56 from component 876:884 arg1 pattern 903:909 the polyamine pattern 889:909 the polyamine pattern 889:909 The major component in the polyamine pattern was spermidine, and the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27089462 10 57 theme genus 1258:1262 arg1 species 1243:1249 a novel species 1235:1249 a novel species 1235:1249 Thus, AP-115T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus cucumis sp. 27089462 2 58 dep Gram-positive-staining 66:87 arg1 endospore-forming 99:115 endospore-forming 99:115 endospore-forming 99:115 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem of a cucumber plant, was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. 27089462 2 58 dep Gram-positive-staining 66:87 arg1 aerobic 90:96 aerobic 90:96 aerobic 90:96 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem of a cucumber plant, was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. 27089462 2 59 theme taxonomic 209:217 arg1 position 219:226 its taxonomic position 205:226 its taxonomic position 205:226 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the stem of a cucumber plant, was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. 27089462 6 60 theme menaquinone 703:713 arg1 MK-7 715:718 menaquinone MK-7 703:718 menaquinone MK-7 703:718 The quinone system contained exclusively menaquinone MK-7, and in the polar lipid profile diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine were predominating. 27089462 11 61 theme =LMG 1356:1359 arg1 AP-115T 1347:1353 AP-115T 1347:1353 AP-115T (=LMG 29222T=CCM 8653T) as the type strain 1347:1396 nov. is proposed, with AP-115T (=LMG 29222T=CCM 8653T) as the type strain. 27089462 11 61 theme =LMG 1356:1359 arg1 8653T 1372:1376 =LMG 29222T=CCM 8653T 1356:1376 =LMG 29222T=CCM 8653T 1356:1376 nov. is proposed, with AP-115T (=LMG 29222T=CCM 8653T) as the type strain. 27089462 10 62 theme Paenibacillus 1298:1310 arg1 sp 1320:1321 the name Paenibacillus cucumis sp 1289:1321 the name Paenibacillus cucumis sp 1289:1321 Thus, AP-115T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus cucumis sp. 26510888 3 0 theme genus 259:263 arg1 Streptomyces 265:276 the genus Streptomyces 255:276 the genus Streptomyces 255:276 Using a polyphasic approach, the strain was classified in the genus Streptomyces. 26510888 10 1 theme polyphasic 1063:1072 arg1 approach 1074:1081 the polyphasic approach 1059:1081 the polyphasic approach 1059:1081 According to the polyphasic approach as well as DNA-DNA relatedness, the strain could be clearly differentiated from closely related species and represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces actinomycinicus sp. 26510888 9 2 theme gene 854:857 arg1 sequences 859:867 16S rRNA gene sequences 845:867 16S rRNA gene sequences 845:867 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 9 3 theme 98.78  1002:1007 arg1 % 1008:1008 % 1008:1008 % 1008:1008 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 8 4 theme phosphatidylglycerol 710:729 arg1 mannoside 756:764 phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside 688:764 phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside 688:764 The polar lipids profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 26510888 5 5 theme whole-cell 385:394 arg1 hydrolysates 396:407 whole-cell hydrolysates 385:407 whole-cell hydrolysates 385:407 No diagnostic sugars were detected in whole-cell hydrolysates and there was a lack of mycolic acids. 26510888 2 6 theme novel 84:88 arg1 actinomycete 90:101 A novel actinomycete 82:101 A novel actinomycete 82:101 A novel actinomycete, strain RCU-197T, was isolated from soil of a peat swamp forest in Rayong Province, Thailand. 26510888 2 6 theme novel 84:88 arg1 RCU-197T 111:118 strain RCU-197T 104:118 strain RCU-197T 104:118 A novel actinomycete, strain RCU-197T, was isolated from soil of a peat swamp forest in Rayong Province, Thailand. 26510888 7 7 theme fatty 524:528 arg1 iso-C14  541:548 iso-C14  541:548 iso-C14  541:548 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26510888 7 7 theme fatty 524:528 arg1 acids 530:534 The predominant cellular fatty acids 499:534 The predominant cellular fatty acids 499:534 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26510888 9 8 theme 16S 1010:1012 arg1 similarity 1033:1042 98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1002:1042 98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1002:1042 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 9 8 theme 16S 1010:1012 arg1 12763T 994:999 Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T 966:999 Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 966:1043 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 8 9 theme phosphatidylinositol 735:754 arg1 mannoside 756:764 phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside 688:764 phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside 688:764 The polar lipids profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 26510888 9 10 theme distinct 894:901 arg1 clade 903:907 distinct clade 894:907 distinct clade 894:907 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 12 11 theme 2208T = PCU 1366:1376 arg1 342T 1378:1381  = JCM 30864T = TISTR 2208T = PCU 342T 1344:1381  = JCM 30864T = TISTR 2208T = PCU 342T 1344:1381 The type strain is RCU-197T ( = JCM 30864T = TISTR 2208T = PCU 342T). 26510888 12 11 theme 2208T = PCU 1366:1376 arg1 RCU-197T 1334:1341 RCU-197T 1334:1341 RCU-197T ( = JCM 30864T = TISTR 2208T = PCU 342T) 1334:1382 The type strain is RCU-197T ( = JCM 30864T = TISTR 2208T = PCU 342T). 26510888 9 12 dep Streptomyces 966:977 arg1 echinatus 979:987 echinatus 979:987 echinatus 979:987 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 9 13 theme gene 1019:1022 arg1 similarity 1033:1042 98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1002:1042 98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1002:1042 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 9 13 theme gene 1019:1022 arg1 12763T 994:999 Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T 966:999 Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 966:1043 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 9 14 theme rRNA 1014:1017 arg1 similarity 1033:1042 98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1002:1042 98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1002:1042 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 9 14 theme rRNA 1014:1017 arg1 12763T 994:999 Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T 966:999 Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 966:1043 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 4 15 contain contained 282:290 arg1 It 279:280 It 279:280 It 279:280 It contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26510888 4 15 contain contained 282:290 arg2 acid 310:313 ll-diaminopimelic acid 292:313 ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 292:344 It contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26510888 10 16 theme Streptomyces 1231:1242 arg1 species 1210:1216 a novel species 1202:1216 a novel species 1202:1216 According to the polyphasic approach as well as DNA-DNA relatedness, the strain could be clearly differentiated from closely related species and represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces actinomycinicus sp. 26510888 10 17 theme novel 1204:1208 arg1 species 1210:1216 a novel species 1202:1216 a novel species 1202:1216 According to the polyphasic approach as well as DNA-DNA relatedness, the strain could be clearly differentiated from closely related species and represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces actinomycinicus sp. 26510888 7 18 theme predominant 503:513 arg1 iso-C14  541:548 iso-C14  541:548 iso-C14  541:548 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26510888 7 18 theme predominant 503:513 arg1 acids 530:534 The predominant cellular fatty acids 499:534 The predominant cellular fatty acids 499:534 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26510888 9 19 theme NBRC 989:992 arg1 12763T 994:999 Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T 966:999 Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 966:1043 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 9 19 theme NBRC 989:992 arg1 similarity 1033:1042 98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1002:1042 98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1002:1042 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 2 20 from forest 160:165 arg1 Thailand 187:194 Thailand 187:194 Thailand 187:194 A novel actinomycete, strain RCU-197T, was isolated from soil of a peat swamp forest in Rayong Province, Thailand. 26510888 5 21 located detected 373:380 arg1 hydrolysates 396:407 whole-cell hydrolysates 385:407 whole-cell hydrolysates 385:407 No diagnostic sugars were detected in whole-cell hydrolysates and there was a lack of mycolic acids. 26510888 5 21 located detected 373:380 arg2 sugars 361:366 No diagnostic sugars 347:366 No diagnostic sugars 347:366 No diagnostic sugars were detected in whole-cell hydrolysates and there was a lack of mycolic acids. 26510888 4 22 theme cell-wall 322:330 arg1 peptidoglycan 332:344 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 318:344 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 318:344 It contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26510888 1 23 theme peat 63:66 arg1 forest 74:79 a peat swamp forest 61:79 a peat swamp forest 61:79 nov., isolated from soil of a peat swamp forest. 26510888 2 24 from Thailand 187:194 arg1 soil 139:142 soil 139:142 soil of a peat swamp forest in Rayong Province, Thailand 139:194 A novel actinomycete, strain RCU-197T, was isolated from soil of a peat swamp forest in Rayong Province, Thailand. 26510888 0 25 theme actinomycinicus 13:27 arg1 sp 29:30 Streptomyces actinomycinicus sp 0:30 Streptomyces actinomycinicus sp. 0:31 Streptomyces actinomycinicus sp. 26510888 9 26 theme sequences 859:867 arg1 analysis 833:840 Phylogenetic analysis 820:840 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 820:867 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 1 27 theme swamp 68:72 arg1 forest 74:79 a peat swamp forest 61:79 a peat swamp forest 61:79 nov., isolated from soil of a peat swamp forest. 26510888 12 28 theme 30864T = TISTR 1351:1364 arg1 342T 1378:1381  = JCM 30864T = TISTR 2208T = PCU 342T 1344:1381  = JCM 30864T = TISTR 2208T = PCU 342T 1344:1381 The type strain is RCU-197T ( = JCM 30864T = TISTR 2208T = PCU 342T). 26510888 12 28 theme 30864T = TISTR 1351:1364 arg1 RCU-197T 1334:1341 RCU-197T 1334:1341 RCU-197T ( = JCM 30864T = TISTR 2208T = PCU 342T) 1334:1382 The type strain is RCU-197T ( = JCM 30864T = TISTR 2208T = PCU 342T). 26510888 0 29 theme Streptomyces 0:11 arg1 sp 29:30 Streptomyces actinomycinicus sp 0:30 Streptomyces actinomycinicus sp. 0:31 Streptomyces actinomycinicus sp. 26510888 9 30 theme sequence 1024:1031 arg1 similarity 1033:1042 98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1002:1042 98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1002:1042 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 9 30 theme sequence 1024:1031 arg1 12763T 994:999 Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T 966:999 Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 966:1043 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 1 31 theme forest 74:79 arg1 soil 53:56 soil 53:56 soil of a peat swamp forest 53:79 nov., isolated from soil of a peat swamp forest. 26510888 10 32 theme genus 1225:1229 arg1 Streptomyces 1231:1242 the genus Streptomyces 1221:1242 the genus Streptomyces 1221:1242 According to the polyphasic approach as well as DNA-DNA relatedness, the strain could be clearly differentiated from closely related species and represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces actinomycinicus sp. 26510888 8 33 theme lipids 610:615 arg1 profile 617:623 The polar lipids profile 600:623 The polar lipids profile 600:623 The polar lipids profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 26510888 6 34 theme major 452:456 arg1 MK-9 476:479 MK-9 476:479 MK-9 476:479 The major menaquinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). 26510888 6 34 theme major 452:456 arg1 menaquinones 458:469 The major menaquinones 448:469 The major menaquinones 448:469 The major menaquinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). 26510888 12 35 theme type 1319:1322 arg1 RCU-197T 1334:1341 RCU-197T 1334:1341 RCU-197T ( = JCM 30864T = TISTR 2208T = PCU 342T) 1334:1382 The type strain is RCU-197T ( = JCM 30864T = TISTR 2208T = PCU 342T). 26510888 12 35 theme type 1319:1322 arg1 strain 1324:1329 The type strain 1315:1329 The type strain 1315:1329 The type strain is RCU-197T ( = JCM 30864T = TISTR 2208T = PCU 342T). 26510888 5 36 theme mycolic 433:439 arg1 acids 441:445 mycolic acids 433:445 mycolic acids 433:445 No diagnostic sugars were detected in whole-cell hydrolysates and there was a lack of mycolic acids. 26510888 12 37 theme  = JCM 1344:1349 arg1 342T 1378:1381  = JCM 30864T = TISTR 2208T = PCU 342T 1344:1381  = JCM 30864T = TISTR 2208T = PCU 342T 1344:1381 The type strain is RCU-197T ( = JCM 30864T = TISTR 2208T = PCU 342T). 26510888 12 37 theme  = JCM 1344:1349 arg1 RCU-197T 1334:1341 RCU-197T 1334:1341 RCU-197T ( = JCM 30864T = TISTR 2208T = PCU 342T) 1334:1382 The type strain is RCU-197T ( = JCM 30864T = TISTR 2208T = PCU 342T). 26510888 8 38 theme polar 604:608 arg1 profile 617:623 The polar lipids profile 600:623 The polar lipids profile 600:623 The polar lipids profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 26510888 9 39 theme Phylogenetic 820:831 arg1 analysis 833:840 Phylogenetic analysis 820:840 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 820:867 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 8 40 theme unknown 797:803 arg1 phospholipids 805:817 two unknown phospholipids 793:817 two unknown phospholipids 793:817 The polar lipids profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 26510888 9 41 theme % 1008:1008 arg1 similarity 1033:1042 98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1002:1042 98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1002:1042 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 9 41 theme % 1008:1008 arg1 12763T 994:999 Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T 966:999 Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 966:1043 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 5 42 theme acids 441:445 arg1 lack 425:428 a lack 423:428 a lack of mycolic acids 423:445 No diagnostic sugars were detected in whole-cell hydrolysates and there was a lack of mycolic acids. 26510888 9 43 dep showed 869:874 arg1 related 955:961 related 955:961 related 955:961 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 9 43 dep showed 869:874 arg1 formed 887:892 formed 887:892 formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces 887:937 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 4 44 from acid 310:313 arg1 peptidoglycan 332:344 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 318:344 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 318:344 It contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26510888 4 45 theme ll-diaminopimelic 292:308 arg1 acid 310:313 ll-diaminopimelic acid 292:313 ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 292:344 It contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26510888 7 46 dep iso-C14  541:548 arg1  0 563:564  0 563:564  0 563:564 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26510888 7 46 dep iso-C14  541:548 arg1 iso-C16  587:594 iso-C16  587:594 iso-C16  587:594 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26510888 7 46 dep iso-C14  541:548 arg1  0 580:581  0 580:581  0 580:581 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26510888 7 46 dep iso-C14  541:548 arg1  0 550:551  0 550:551  0 550:551 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26510888 7 46 dep iso-C14  541:548 arg1  0 596:597  0 596:597  0 596:597 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26510888 10 47 theme actinomycinicus 1277:1291 arg1 sp 1293:1294 the name Streptomyces actinomycinicus sp 1255:1294 the name Streptomyces actinomycinicus sp 1255:1294 According to the polyphasic approach as well as DNA-DNA relatedness, the strain could be clearly differentiated from closely related species and represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces actinomycinicus sp. 26510888 10 48 theme related 1171:1177 arg1 species 1179:1185 closely related species 1163:1185 closely related species 1163:1185 According to the polyphasic approach as well as DNA-DNA relatedness, the strain could be clearly differentiated from closely related species and represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces actinomycinicus sp. 26510888 9 49 theme 16S 845:847 arg1 sequences 859:867 16S rRNA gene sequences 845:867 16S rRNA gene sequences 845:867 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 3 50 theme polyphasic 205:214 arg1 approach 216:223 a polyphasic approach 203:223 a polyphasic approach 203:223 Using a polyphasic approach, the strain was classified in the genus Streptomyces. 26510888 10 51 theme Streptomyces 1264:1275 arg1 sp 1293:1294 the name Streptomyces actinomycinicus sp 1255:1294 the name Streptomyces actinomycinicus sp 1255:1294 According to the polyphasic approach as well as DNA-DNA relatedness, the strain could be clearly differentiated from closely related species and represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces actinomycinicus sp. 26510888 2 52 attach isolated 125:132 arg1 soil 139:142 soil 139:142 soil of a peat swamp forest in Rayong Province, Thailand 139:194 A novel actinomycete, strain RCU-197T, was isolated from soil of a peat swamp forest in Rayong Province, Thailand. 26510888 2 52 attach isolated 125:132 arg2 actinomycete 90:101 A novel actinomycete 82:101 A novel actinomycete 82:101 A novel actinomycete, strain RCU-197T, was isolated from soil of a peat swamp forest in Rayong Province, Thailand. 26510888 2 52 attach isolated 125:132 arg2 RCU-197T 111:118 strain RCU-197T 104:118 strain RCU-197T 104:118 A novel actinomycete, strain RCU-197T, was isolated from soil of a peat swamp forest in Rayong Province, Thailand. 26510888 9 53 theme Streptomyces 966:977 arg1 12763T 994:999 Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T 966:999 Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 966:1043 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 9 53 theme Streptomyces 966:977 arg1 similarity 1033:1042 98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1002:1042 98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1002:1042 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 9 54 theme rRNA 849:852 arg1 sequences 859:867 16S rRNA gene sequences 845:867 16S rRNA gene sequences 845:867 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 2 55 theme forest 160:165 arg1 soil 139:142 soil 139:142 soil of a peat swamp forest in Rayong Province, Thailand 139:194 A novel actinomycete, strain RCU-197T, was isolated from soil of a peat swamp forest in Rayong Province, Thailand. 26510888 10 56 theme name 1259:1262 arg1 sp 1293:1294 the name Streptomyces actinomycinicus sp 1255:1294 the name Streptomyces actinomycinicus sp 1255:1294 According to the polyphasic approach as well as DNA-DNA relatedness, the strain could be clearly differentiated from closely related species and represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces actinomycinicus sp. 26510888 7 57 theme cellular 515:522 arg1 iso-C14  541:548 iso-C14  541:548 iso-C14  541:548 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26510888 7 57 theme cellular 515:522 arg1 acids 530:534 The predominant cellular fatty acids 499:534 The predominant cellular fatty acids 499:534 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26510888 2 58 theme swamp 154:158 arg1 forest 160:165 a peat swamp forest 147:165 a peat swamp forest in Rayong Province, Thailand 147:194 A novel actinomycete, strain RCU-197T, was isolated from soil of a peat swamp forest in Rayong Province, Thailand. 26510888 8 59 theme unknown 770:776 arg1 aminolipid 778:787 an unknown aminolipid 767:787 an unknown aminolipid 767:787 The polar lipids profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 26510888 5 60 theme diagnostic 350:359 arg1 sugars 361:366 No diagnostic sugars 347:366 No diagnostic sugars 347:366 No diagnostic sugars were detected in whole-cell hydrolysates and there was a lack of mycolic acids. 26510888 2 61 from soil 139:142 arg1 Thailand 187:194 Thailand 187:194 Thailand 187:194 A novel actinomycete, strain RCU-197T, was isolated from soil of a peat swamp forest in Rayong Province, Thailand. 26510888 2 62 theme peat 149:152 arg1 forest 160:165 a peat swamp forest 147:165 a peat swamp forest in Rayong Province, Thailand 147:194 A novel actinomycete, strain RCU-197T, was isolated from soil of a peat swamp forest in Rayong Province, Thailand. 26510888 9 63 theme genus 920:924 arg1 Streptomyces 926:937 the genus Streptomyces 916:937 the genus Streptomyces 916:937 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed distinct clade within the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces echinatus NBRC 12763T (98.78 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 26510888 8 64 theme phosphatidylinositol 688:707 arg1 mannoside 756:764 phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside 688:764 phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside 688:764 The polar lipids profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unknown aminolipid and two unknown phospholipids. 26510888 2 65 theme strain 104:109 arg1 actinomycete 90:101 A novel actinomycete 82:101 A novel actinomycete 82:101 A novel actinomycete, strain RCU-197T, was isolated from soil of a peat swamp forest in Rayong Province, Thailand. 26510888 2 65 theme strain 104:109 arg1 RCU-197T 111:118 strain RCU-197T 104:118 strain RCU-197T 104:118 A novel actinomycete, strain RCU-197T, was isolated from soil of a peat swamp forest in Rayong Province, Thailand. 26510888 10 66 theme DNA-DNA 1094:1100 arg1 relatedness 1102:1112 DNA-DNA relatedness 1094:1112 DNA-DNA relatedness 1094:1112 According to the polyphasic approach as well as DNA-DNA relatedness, the strain could be clearly differentiated from closely related species and represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces actinomycinicus sp. 26373875 4 0 theme cellular 414:421 arg1 acids 429:433 major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids 401:433 major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids 401:433 Strain JC267T contains anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids. 26373875 4 0 theme cellular 414:421 arg1 anteiso-C15  314:325 anteiso-C15  314:325 anteiso-C15  314:325 Strain JC267T contains anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids. 26373875 6 1 theme small 641:645 arg1 amount 647:652 a small amount 639:652 a small amount of d-glutamic acid 639:671 Cell-wall amino acids are composed of diagnostic meso-diaminopimelic acid, dl-alanine and a small amount of d-glutamic acid. 26373875 6 1 theme small 641:645 arg1 acid 668:671 d-glutamic acid 657:671 d-glutamic acid 657:671 Cell-wall amino acids are composed of diagnostic meso-diaminopimelic acid, dl-alanine and a small amount of d-glutamic acid. 26373875 8 2 theme rRNA 741:744 arg1 sequence 751:758 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 733:758 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JC267T 733:775 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JC267T showed highest sequence similarities of < 98.41 % with all species of the genus Bacillus when subjected to EzTaxon-e blast analysis. 26373875 9 3 theme Bacillus 1034:1041 arg1 16399T 1057:1062 Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T 1034:1062 Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T 1034:1062 The reassociation values based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC267T with Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T and Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T were 26 ± 1 % and 34 ± 3 %, respectively. 26373875 12 4 theme 10914T = KCTC 1332:1344 arg1 33579T 1346:1351  = IBRC-M 10914T = KCTC 33579T 1322:1351  = IBRC-M 10914T = KCTC 33579T 1322:1351 The type strain is JC267T ( = IBRC-M 10914T = KCTC 33579T). 26373875 12 4 theme 10914T = KCTC 1332:1344 arg1 JC267T 1314:1319 JC267T 1314:1319 JC267T ( = IBRC-M 10914T = KCTC 33579T) 1314:1352 The type strain is JC267T ( = IBRC-M 10914T = KCTC 33579T). 26373875 3 5 theme sub-terminal 225:236 arg1 endospores 238:247 sub-terminal endospores 225:247 sub-terminal endospores 225:247 Cells are Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile rods forming sub-terminal endospores in swollen ellipsoidal to oval sporangia. 26373875 10 6 theme taxonomic 1115:1123 arg1 data 1125:1128 taxonomic data 1115:1128 taxonomic data obtained using a polyphasic approach 1115:1165 Based on taxonomic data obtained using a polyphasic approach, strain JC267T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus endolithicus sp. 26373875 9 7 with hybridization 952:964 arg1 16399T 1057:1062 Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T 1034:1062 Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T 1034:1062 The reassociation values based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC267T with Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T and Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T were 26 ± 1 % and 34 ± 3 %, respectively. 26373875 9 7 with hybridization 952:964 arg1 10095T 1023:1028 Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T 988:1028 Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T 988:1028 The reassociation values based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC267T with Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T and Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T were 26 ± 1 % and 34 ± 3 %, respectively. 26373875 3 8 theme Gram-stain-positive 155:173 arg1 rods 212:215 Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile rods 155:215 Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile rods forming sub-terminal endospores in swollen ellipsoidal to oval sporangia 155:288 Cells are Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile rods forming sub-terminal endospores in swollen ellipsoidal to oval sporangia. 26373875 3 8 theme Gram-stain-positive 155:173 arg1 Cells 145:149 Cells 145:149 Cells 145:149 Cells are Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile rods forming sub-terminal endospores in swollen ellipsoidal to oval sporangia. 26373875 9 9 theme strain 969:974 arg1 JC267T 976:981 strain JC267T 969:981 strain JC267T 969:981 The reassociation values based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC267T with Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T and Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T were 26 ± 1 % and 34 ± 3 %, respectively. 26373875 5 10 theme Polar 436:440 arg1 lipids 442:447 Polar lipids 436:447 Polar lipids 436:447 Polar lipids include phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipids (PL1-3), glycolipids (GL1-2) and an unidentified lipid. 26373875 9 11 theme JCM 1053:1055 arg1 16399T 1057:1062 Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T 1034:1062 Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T 1034:1062 The reassociation values based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC267T with Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T and Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T were 26 ± 1 % and 34 ± 3 %, respectively. 26373875 8 12 theme EzTaxon-e 884:892 arg1 analysis 900:907 EzTaxon-e blast analysis 884:907 EzTaxon-e blast analysis 884:907 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JC267T showed highest sequence similarities of < 98.41 % with all species of the genus Bacillus when subjected to EzTaxon-e blast analysis. 26373875 8 13 theme JC267T 770:775 arg1 sequence 751:758 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 733:758 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JC267T 733:775 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JC267T showed highest sequence similarities of < 98.41 % with all species of the genus Bacillus when subjected to EzTaxon-e blast analysis. 26373875 9 14 theme DNA-DNA 944:950 arg1 hybridization 952:964 DNA-DNA hybridization 944:964 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC267T with Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T and Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T 944:1062 The reassociation values based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC267T with Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T and Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T were 26 ± 1 % and 34 ± 3 %, respectively. 26373875 9 15 theme JC267T 976:981 arg1 hybridization 952:964 DNA-DNA hybridization 944:964 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC267T with Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T and Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T 944:1062 The reassociation values based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC267T with Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T and Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T were 26 ± 1 % and 34 ± 3 %, respectively. 26373875 5 16 theme unidentified 529:540 arg1 lipid 542:546 an unidentified lipid 526:546 an unidentified lipid 526:546 Polar lipids include phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipids (PL1-3), glycolipids (GL1-2) and an unidentified lipid. 26373875 10 17 theme strain 1168:1173 arg1 JC267T 1175:1180 strain JC267T 1168:1180 strain JC267T 1168:1180 Based on taxonomic data obtained using a polyphasic approach, strain JC267T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus endolithicus sp. 26373875 4 18 theme Strain 291:296 arg1 JC267T 298:303 Strain JC267T 291:303 Strain JC267T 291:303 Strain JC267T contains anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids. 26373875 12 19 theme  = IBRC-M 1322:1330 arg1 33579T 1346:1351  = IBRC-M 10914T = KCTC 33579T 1322:1351  = IBRC-M 10914T = KCTC 33579T 1322:1351 The type strain is JC267T ( = IBRC-M 10914T = KCTC 33579T). 26373875 12 19 theme  = IBRC-M 1322:1330 arg1 JC267T 1314:1319 JC267T 1314:1319 JC267T ( = IBRC-M 10914T = KCTC 33579T) 1314:1352 The type strain is JC267T ( = IBRC-M 10914T = KCTC 33579T). 26373875 2 20 attach isolated 73:80 arg2 JC267T 62:67 Strain JC267T 55:67 Strain JC267T 55:67 Strain JC267T was isolated from pebbles collected from Pingleshwar beach, Gujarat, India. 26373875 2 20 attach isolated 73:80 arg1 pebbles 87:93 pebbles 87:93 pebbles collected from Pingleshwar beach, Gujarat, India 87:142 Strain JC267T was isolated from pebbles collected from Pingleshwar beach, Gujarat, India. 26373875 8 21 theme highest 784:790 arg1 similarities 801:812 highest sequence similarities 784:812 highest sequence similarities of < 98.41 % with all species of the genus Bacillus 784:864 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JC267T showed highest sequence similarities of < 98.41 % with all species of the genus Bacillus when subjected to EzTaxon-e blast analysis. 26373875 7 22 theme DNA 686:688 arg1 content 694:700 The genomic DNA G+C content 674:700 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JC267T 674:717 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JC267T is 45.5 mol%. 26373875 7 22 theme DNA 686:688 arg1 % 730:730 45.5 mol% 722:730 45.5 mol% 722:730 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JC267T is 45.5 mol%. 26373875 0 23 theme endolithicus 9:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Bacillus endolithicus sp 0:23 Bacillus endolithicus sp. 0:24 Bacillus endolithicus sp. 26373875 8 24 with similarities 801:812 arg1 species 836:842 all species 832:842 all species of the genus Bacillus 832:864 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JC267T showed highest sequence similarities of < 98.41 % with all species of the genus Bacillus when subjected to EzTaxon-e blast analysis. 26373875 8 25 theme blast 894:898 arg1 analysis 900:907 EzTaxon-e blast analysis 884:907 EzTaxon-e blast analysis 884:907 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JC267T showed highest sequence similarities of < 98.41 % with all species of the genus Bacillus when subjected to EzTaxon-e blast analysis. 26373875 0 26 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 22:23 Bacillus endolithicus sp 0:23 Bacillus endolithicus sp. 0:24 Bacillus endolithicus sp. 26373875 9 27 theme Bacillus 988:995 arg1 10095T 1023:1028 Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T 988:1028 Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T 988:1028 The reassociation values based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC267T with Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T and Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T were 26 ± 1 % and 34 ± 3 %, respectively. 26373875 9 28 theme IBRC-M 1016:1021 arg1 10095T 1023:1028 Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T 988:1028 Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T 988:1028 The reassociation values based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC267T with Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T and Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T were 26 ± 1 % and 34 ± 3 %, respectively. 26373875 2 29 theme Strain 55:60 arg1 JC267T 62:67 Strain JC267T 55:67 Strain JC267T 55:67 Strain JC267T was isolated from pebbles collected from Pingleshwar beach, Gujarat, India. 26373875 6 30 theme meso-diaminopimelic 598:616 arg1 acid 618:621 diagnostic meso-diaminopimelic acid 587:621 diagnostic meso-diaminopimelic acid 587:621 Cell-wall amino acids are composed of diagnostic meso-diaminopimelic acid, dl-alanine and a small amount of d-glutamic acid. 26373875 9 31 dep Bacillus 1034:1041 arg1 niabensis 1043:1051 niabensis 1043:1051 niabensis 1043:1051 The reassociation values based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC267T with Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T and Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T were 26 ± 1 % and 34 ± 3 %, respectively. 26373875 7 32 theme strain 705:710 arg1 JC267T 712:717 strain JC267T 705:717 strain JC267T 705:717 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JC267T is 45.5 mol%. 26373875 8 33 theme strain 763:768 arg1 JC267T 770:775 strain JC267T 763:775 strain JC267T 763:775 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JC267T showed highest sequence similarities of < 98.41 % with all species of the genus Bacillus when subjected to EzTaxon-e blast analysis. 26373875 6 34 theme diagnostic 587:596 arg1 acid 618:621 diagnostic meso-diaminopimelic acid 587:621 diagnostic meso-diaminopimelic acid 587:621 Cell-wall amino acids are composed of diagnostic meso-diaminopimelic acid, dl-alanine and a small amount of d-glutamic acid. 26373875 10 35 theme Bacillus 1222:1229 arg1 species 1201:1207 a novel species 1193:1207 a novel species 1193:1207 Based on taxonomic data obtained using a polyphasic approach, strain JC267T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus endolithicus sp. 26373875 7 36 theme JC267T 712:717 arg1 content 694:700 The genomic DNA G+C content 674:700 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JC267T 674:717 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JC267T is 45.5 mol%. 26373875 7 36 theme JC267T 712:717 arg1 % 730:730 45.5 mol% 722:730 45.5 mol% 722:730 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JC267T is 45.5 mol%. 26373875 6 37 theme amino 559:563 arg1 acids 565:569 Cell-wall amino acids 549:569 Cell-wall amino acids 549:569 Cell-wall amino acids are composed of diagnostic meso-diaminopimelic acid, dl-alanine and a small amount of d-glutamic acid. 26373875 10 38 theme polyphasic 1147:1156 arg1 approach 1158:1165 a polyphasic approach 1145:1165 a polyphasic approach 1145:1165 Based on taxonomic data obtained using a polyphasic approach, strain JC267T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus endolithicus sp. 26373875 3 39 theme oval 275:278 arg1 sporangia 280:288 oval sporangia 275:288 oval sporangia 275:288 Cells are Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile rods forming sub-terminal endospores in swollen ellipsoidal to oval sporangia. 26373875 4 40 theme major 401:405 arg1 acids 429:433 major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids 401:433 major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids 401:433 Strain JC267T contains anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids. 26373875 4 40 theme major 401:405 arg1 anteiso-C15  314:325 anteiso-C15  314:325 anteiso-C15  314:325 Strain JC267T contains anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids. 26373875 10 41 dep name 1246:1249 arg1 sp 1273:1274 Bacillus endolithicus sp 1251:1274 the name Bacillus endolithicus sp 1242:1274 Based on taxonomic data obtained using a polyphasic approach, strain JC267T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus endolithicus sp. 26373875 9 42 dep Bacillus 988:995 arg1 halosaccharovorans 997:1014 halosaccharovorans 997:1014 halosaccharovorans 997:1014 The reassociation values based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC267T with Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T and Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T were 26 ± 1 % and 34 ± 3 %, respectively. 26373875 4 43 contain contains 305:312 arg2 anteiso-C15  314:325 anteiso-C15  314:325 anteiso-C15  314:325 Strain JC267T contains anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids. 26373875 4 43 contain contains 305:312 arg1 JC267T 298:303 Strain JC267T 291:303 Strain JC267T 291:303 Strain JC267T contains anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids. 26373875 4 43 contain contains 305:312 arg2 acids 429:433 major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids 401:433 major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids 401:433 Strain JC267T contains anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids. 26373875 7 44 theme 45.5 mol 722:729 arg1 content 694:700 The genomic DNA G+C content 674:700 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JC267T 674:717 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JC267T is 45.5 mol%. 26373875 7 44 theme 45.5 mol 722:729 arg1 % 730:730 45.5 mol% 722:730 45.5 mol% 722:730 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JC267T is 45.5 mol%. 26373875 8 45 theme % 825:825 arg1 similarities 801:812 highest sequence similarities 784:812 highest sequence similarities of < 98.41 % with all species of the genus Bacillus 784:864 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JC267T showed highest sequence similarities of < 98.41 % with all species of the genus Bacillus when subjected to EzTaxon-e blast analysis. 26373875 6 46 theme d-glutamic 657:666 arg1 acid 668:671 d-glutamic acid 657:671 d-glutamic acid 657:671 Cell-wall amino acids are composed of diagnostic meso-diaminopimelic acid, dl-alanine and a small amount of d-glutamic acid. 26373875 10 47 theme novel 1195:1199 arg1 species 1201:1207 a novel species 1193:1207 a novel species 1193:1207 Based on taxonomic data obtained using a polyphasic approach, strain JC267T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus endolithicus sp. 26373875 9 48 theme reassociation 914:926 arg1 % 1076:1076 26 ± 1 % 1069:1076 26 ± 1 % 1069:1076 The reassociation values based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC267T with Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T and Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T were 26 ± 1 % and 34 ± 3 %, respectively. 26373875 9 48 theme reassociation 914:926 arg1 values 928:933 The reassociation values 910:933 The reassociation values based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC267T with Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T and Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T 910:1062 The reassociation values based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC267T with Bacillus halosaccharovorans IBRC-M 10095T and Bacillus niabensis JCM 16399T were 26 ± 1 % and 34 ± 3 %, respectively. 26373875 7 49 theme G+C 690:692 arg1 content 694:700 The genomic DNA G+C content 674:700 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JC267T 674:717 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JC267T is 45.5 mol%. 26373875 7 49 theme G+C 690:692 arg1 % 730:730 45.5 mol% 722:730 45.5 mol% 722:730 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JC267T is 45.5 mol%. 26373875 6 50 theme acid 668:671 arg1 dl-alanine 624:633 dl-alanine 624:633 dl-alanine 624:633 Cell-wall amino acids are composed of diagnostic meso-diaminopimelic acid, dl-alanine and a small amount of d-glutamic acid. 26373875 6 50 theme acid 668:671 arg1 acid 618:621 diagnostic meso-diaminopimelic acid 587:621 diagnostic meso-diaminopimelic acid 587:621 Cell-wall amino acids are composed of diagnostic meso-diaminopimelic acid, dl-alanine and a small amount of d-glutamic acid. 26373875 6 50 theme acid 668:671 arg1 amount 647:652 a small amount 639:652 a small amount of d-glutamic acid 639:671 Cell-wall amino acids are composed of diagnostic meso-diaminopimelic acid, dl-alanine and a small amount of d-glutamic acid. 26373875 6 50 theme acid 668:671 arg1 acid 668:671 d-glutamic acid 657:671 d-glutamic acid 657:671 Cell-wall amino acids are composed of diagnostic meso-diaminopimelic acid, dl-alanine and a small amount of d-glutamic acid. 26373875 10 51 theme Bacillus 1251:1258 arg1 sp 1273:1274 Bacillus endolithicus sp 1251:1274 the name Bacillus endolithicus sp 1242:1274 Based on taxonomic data obtained using a polyphasic approach, strain JC267T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus endolithicus sp. 26373875 12 52 theme type 1299:1302 arg1 JC267T 1314:1319 JC267T 1314:1319 JC267T ( = IBRC-M 10914T = KCTC 33579T) 1314:1352 The type strain is JC267T ( = IBRC-M 10914T = KCTC 33579T). 26373875 12 52 theme type 1299:1302 arg1 strain 1304:1309 The type strain 1295:1309 The type strain 1295:1309 The type strain is JC267T ( = IBRC-M 10914T = KCTC 33579T). 26373875 4 53 dep anteiso-C15  314:325 arg1  0 375:376  0 375:376  0 375:376 Strain JC267T contains anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids. 26373875 4 53 dep anteiso-C15  314:325 arg1  0 340:341  0 340:341  0 340:341 Strain JC267T contains anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids. 26373875 4 53 dep anteiso-C15  314:325 arg1 anteiso-C17  382:393 anteiso-C17  382:393 anteiso-C17  382:393 Strain JC267T contains anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids. 26373875 4 53 dep anteiso-C15  314:325 arg1  0 366:367  0 366:367  0 366:367 Strain JC267T contains anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids. 26373875 4 53 dep anteiso-C15  314:325 arg1  0 327:328  0 327:328  0 327:328 Strain JC267T contains anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids. 26373875 4 53 dep anteiso-C15  314:325 arg1 C16  370:373 C16  370:373 C16  370:373 Strain JC267T contains anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids. 26373875 4 53 dep anteiso-C15  314:325 arg1  0 395:396  0 395:396  0 395:396 Strain JC267T contains anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids. 26373875 4 53 dep anteiso-C15  314:325 arg1  0 353:354  0 353:354  0 353:354 Strain JC267T contains anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids. 26373875 8 54 theme sequence 792:799 arg1 similarities 801:812 highest sequence similarities 784:812 highest sequence similarities of < 98.41 % with all species of the genus Bacillus 784:864 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JC267T showed highest sequence similarities of < 98.41 % with all species of the genus Bacillus when subjected to EzTaxon-e blast analysis. 26373875 8 55 theme 16S 737:739 arg1 rRNA 741:744 16S rRNA 737:744 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JC267T 733:775 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JC267T showed highest sequence similarities of < 98.41 % with all species of the genus Bacillus when subjected to EzTaxon-e blast analysis. 26373875 7 56 theme genomic 678:684 arg1 content 694:700 The genomic DNA G+C content 674:700 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JC267T 674:717 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JC267T is 45.5 mol%. 26373875 7 56 theme genomic 678:684 arg1 % 730:730 45.5 mol% 722:730 45.5 mol% 722:730 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JC267T is 45.5 mol%. 26373875 10 57 theme endolithicus 1260:1271 arg1 sp 1273:1274 Bacillus endolithicus sp 1251:1274 the name Bacillus endolithicus sp 1242:1274 Based on taxonomic data obtained using a polyphasic approach, strain JC267T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus endolithicus sp. 26373875 8 58 theme gene 746:749 arg1 sequence 751:758 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 733:758 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JC267T 733:775 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JC267T showed highest sequence similarities of < 98.41 % with all species of the genus Bacillus when subjected to EzTaxon-e blast analysis. 26373875 3 59 dep Gram-stain-positive 155:173 arg1 non-motile 201:210 non-motile 201:210 non-motile 201:210 Cells are Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile rods forming sub-terminal endospores in swollen ellipsoidal to oval sporangia. 26373875 3 59 dep Gram-stain-positive 155:173 arg1 anaerobic 190:198 anaerobic 190:198 anaerobic 190:198 Cells are Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile rods forming sub-terminal endospores in swollen ellipsoidal to oval sporangia. 26373875 4 60 theme fatty 423:427 arg1 acids 429:433 major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids 401:433 major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids 401:433 Strain JC267T contains anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids. 26373875 4 60 theme fatty 423:427 arg1 anteiso-C15  314:325 anteiso-C15  314:325 anteiso-C15  314:325 Strain JC267T contains anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major (>5 %) cellular fatty acids. 26373875 8 61 theme Bacillus 857:864 arg1 species 836:842 all species 832:842 all species of the genus Bacillus 832:864 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JC267T showed highest sequence similarities of < 98.41 % with all species of the genus Bacillus when subjected to EzTaxon-e blast analysis. 26373875 6 62 theme Cell-wall 549:557 arg1 acids 565:569 Cell-wall amino acids 549:569 Cell-wall amino acids 549:569 Cell-wall amino acids are composed of diagnostic meso-diaminopimelic acid, dl-alanine and a small amount of d-glutamic acid. 27055557 11 0 theme  = JCM 1475:1480 arg1 T 1488:1488 T 1488:1488 T 1488:1488 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 11 0 theme  = JCM 1475:1480 arg1 19841 1482:1486 =ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841 1461:1486 =ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T) 1461:1489 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 10 1 theme wall 1295:1298 arg1 peptidoglycan 1300:1312 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1286:1312 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1286:1312 The diagnostic amino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan was determined to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27055557 9 2 theme unidentified 1231:1242 arg1 glycolipids 1244:1254 four unidentified glycolipids 1226:1254 four unidentified glycolipids 1226:1254 The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid and four unidentified glycolipids. 27055557 4 3 dep Bacillus 631:638 arg1 oleronius 640:648 oleronius 640:648 oleronius 640:648 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) and Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T), with 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27055557 7 4 theme major 935:939 arg1 iso-C15:0 975:983 iso-C15:0 975:983 iso-C15:0 975:983 The major fatty acids were determined to be iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 27055557 7 4 theme major 935:939 arg1 acids 947:951 The major fatty acids 931:951 The major fatty acids 931:951 The major fatty acids were determined to be iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 27055557 11 5 dep characteristics 1425:1439 arg1 the 1364:1366 the 1364:1366 the 1364:1366 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 11 5 dep characteristics 1425:1439 arg1 basis 1368:1372 basis 1368:1372 basis 1368:1372 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 10 6 theme cell 1290:1293 arg1 peptidoglycan 1300:1312 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1286:1312 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1286:1312 The diagnostic amino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan was determined to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27055557 2 7 dep aerobic 75:81 arg1 sporogenous 105:115 sporogenous 105:115 sporogenous 105:115 A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated LAM0415(T), was isolated from an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample collected from Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China. 27055557 2 7 dep aerobic 75:81 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 84:102 Gram-stain-positive 84:102 Gram-stain-positive 84:102 A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated LAM0415(T), was isolated from an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample collected from Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China. 27055557 2 7 dep aerobic 75:81 arg1 rod-shaped 118:127 rod-shaped 118:127 rod-shaped 118:127 A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated LAM0415(T), was isolated from an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample collected from Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China. 27055557 2 8 theme alcohol 184:190 arg1 sample 213:218 an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample 181:218 an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample collected from Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China 181:283 A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated LAM0415(T), was isolated from an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample collected from Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China. 27055557 1 9 theme fermentation 45:56 arg1 mud 62:64 alcohol fermentation pit mud 37:64 alcohol fermentation pit mud 37:64 nov. isolated from alcohol fermentation pit mud. 27055557 4 10 dep % 682:682 arg1 97.2  677:681 97.2  677:681 97.2  677:681 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) and Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T), with 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27055557 4 10 dep % 682:682 arg1 98.4 668:671 98.4 668:671 98.4 668:671 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) and Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T), with 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27055557 4 11 theme rRNA 478:481 arg1 sequences 488:496 16S rRNA gene sequences 474:496 16S rRNA gene sequences 474:496 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) and Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T), with 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27055557 4 12 with related 576:582 arg1 similarity 693:702 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity 668:702 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity 668:702 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) and Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T), with 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27055557 1 13 theme pit 58:60 arg1 mud 62:64 alcohol fermentation pit mud 37:64 alcohol fermentation pit mud 37:64 nov. isolated from alcohol fermentation pit mud. 27055557 2 14 theme liquor 258:263 arg1 enterprise 265:274 Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise 235:274 Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China 235:283 A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated LAM0415(T), was isolated from an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample collected from Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China. 27055557 4 15 theme 16S 474:476 arg1 sequences 488:496 16S rRNA gene sequences 474:496 16S rRNA gene sequences 474:496 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) and Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T), with 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27055557 11 16 theme name 1575:1578 arg1 sp 1594:1595 the name Bacillus vini sp 1571:1595 the name Bacillus vini sp 1571:1595 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 11 17 theme phenotypic 1381:1390 arg1 characteristics 1425:1439 its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1377:1439 its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1377:1439 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 2 18 theme Luzhou-flavour 243:256 arg1 enterprise 265:274 Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise 235:274 Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China 235:283 A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated LAM0415(T), was isolated from an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample collected from Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China. 27055557 11 19 dep LAM0415 1449:1455 arg1 T 1488:1488 T 1488:1488 T 1488:1488 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 11 19 dep LAM0415 1449:1455 arg1 19841 1482:1486 =ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841 1461:1486 =ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T) 1461:1489 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 2 20 attach isolated 167:174 arg1 sample 213:218 an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample 181:218 an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample collected from Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China 181:283 A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated LAM0415(T), was isolated from an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample collected from Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China. 27055557 2 20 attach isolated 167:174 arg2 bacterium 129:137 A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterium 67:137 A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterium 67:137 A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated LAM0415(T), was isolated from an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample collected from Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China. 27055557 2 21 theme Sichuan 235:241 arg1 enterprise 265:274 Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise 235:274 Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China 235:283 A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated LAM0415(T), was isolated from an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample collected from Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China. 27055557 0 22 theme vini 9:12 arg1 sp 14:15 Bacillus vini sp 0:15 Bacillus vini sp. 0:16 Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 9 23 theme major 1084:1088 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1120:1141 diphosphatidylglycerol 1120:1141 diphosphatidylglycerol 1120:1141 The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid and four unidentified glycolipids. 27055557 9 23 theme major 1084:1088 arg1 lipids 1096:1101 The major polar lipids 1080:1101 The major polar lipids 1080:1101 The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid and four unidentified glycolipids. 27055557 10 24 theme amino 1272:1276 arg1 acid 1355:1358 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1335:1358 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1335:1358 The diagnostic amino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan was determined to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27055557 10 24 theme amino 1272:1276 arg1 acid 1278:1281 The diagnostic amino acid 1257:1281 The diagnostic amino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan 1257:1312 The diagnostic amino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan was determined to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27055557 0 25 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 14:15 Bacillus vini sp 0:15 Bacillus vini sp. 0:16 Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 11 26 theme Bacillus 1580:1587 arg1 sp 1594:1595 the name Bacillus vini sp 1571:1595 the name Bacillus vini sp 1571:1595 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 4 27 theme sequence 684:691 arg1 similarity 693:702 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity 668:702 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity 668:702 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) and Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T), with 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27055557 10 28 theme diagnostic 1261:1270 arg1 acid 1355:1358 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1335:1358 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1335:1358 The diagnostic amino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan was determined to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27055557 10 28 theme diagnostic 1261:1270 arg1 acid 1278:1281 The diagnostic amino acid 1257:1281 The diagnostic amino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan 1257:1312 The diagnostic amino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan was determined to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27055557 6 29 theme 35.2 mol 888:895 arg1 content 876:882 The genomic DNA G+C content 856:882 The genomic DNA G+C content 856:882 The genomic DNA G+C content was 35.2 mol% as determined by the T m method. 27055557 6 29 theme 35.2 mol 888:895 arg1 % 896:896 35.2 mol% 888:896 35.2 mol% 888:896 The genomic DNA G+C content was 35.2 mol% as determined by the T m method. 27055557 4 30 theme gene 483:486 arg1 sequences 488:496 16S rRNA gene sequences 474:496 16S rRNA gene sequences 474:496 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) and Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T), with 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27055557 11 31 theme vini 1589:1592 arg1 sp 1594:1595 the name Bacillus vini sp 1571:1595 the name Bacillus vini sp 1571:1595 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 11 32 theme chemotaxonomic 1410:1423 arg1 characteristics 1425:1439 its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1377:1439 its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1377:1439 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 4 33 dep Bacillus 587:594 arg1 sporothermodurans 596:612 sporothermodurans 596:612 sporothermodurans 596:612 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) and Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T), with 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27055557 10 34 theme peptidoglycan 1300:1312 arg1 acid 1355:1358 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1335:1358 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1335:1358 The diagnostic amino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan was determined to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27055557 10 34 theme peptidoglycan 1300:1312 arg1 acid 1278:1281 The diagnostic amino acid 1257:1281 The diagnostic amino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan 1257:1312 The diagnostic amino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan was determined to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27055557 4 35 theme new 517:519 arg1 isolate 521:527 the new isolate 513:527 the new isolate 513:527 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) and Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T), with 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27055557 4 35 theme new 517:519 arg1 related 576:582 related 576:582 related 576:582 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) and Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T), with 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27055557 3 36 theme NaCl 330:333 arg1 concentrations 335:348 NaCl concentrations 330:348 NaCl concentrations of 0-10 % (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %), 10-50 °C (optimum: 30-35 °C) and pH 3.0-10.0 (optimum: 7.0-8.0) 330:446 The isolate was found to be able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0-10 % (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %), 10-50 °C (optimum: 30-35 °C) and pH 3.0-10.0 (optimum: 7.0-8.0). 27055557 4 37 theme Phylogenetic 449:460 arg1 analysis 462:469 Phylogenetic analysis 449:469 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 449:496 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) and Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T), with 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27055557 3 38 dep optimum 394:400 arg1 30-35 °C 403:410 30-35 °C 403:410 30-35 °C 403:410 The isolate was found to be able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0-10 % (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %), 10-50 °C (optimum: 30-35 °C) and pH 3.0-10.0 (optimum: 7.0-8.0). 27055557 6 39 theme m 921:921 arg1 method 923:928 the T m method 915:928 the T m method 915:928 The genomic DNA G+C content was 35.2 mol% as determined by the T m method. 27055557 8 40 theme predominant 1023:1033 arg1 MK7 1067:1069 MK7 1067:1069 MK7 1067:1069 The predominant menaquinones were identified as MK7 and MK8. 27055557 8 40 theme predominant 1023:1033 arg1 menaquinones 1035:1046 The predominant menaquinones 1019:1046 The predominant menaquinones 1019:1046 The predominant menaquinones were identified as MK7 and MK8. 27055557 8 40 theme predominant 1023:1033 arg1 MK8 1075:1077 MK8 1075:1077 MK8 1075:1077 The predominant menaquinones were identified as MK7 and MK8. 27055557 5 41 theme reference 790:798 arg1 strains 800:806 the two reference strains 782:806 the two reference strains 782:806 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM0415(T) and the two reference strains were 33.3 ± 1.2 and 42.8 ± 0.8 %, respectively. 27055557 10 42 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1335:1353 arg1 acid 1355:1358 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1335:1358 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1335:1358 The diagnostic amino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan was determined to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27055557 10 42 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1335:1353 arg1 acid 1278:1281 The diagnostic amino acid 1257:1281 The diagnostic amino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan 1257:1312 The diagnostic amino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan was determined to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27055557 11 43 theme type 1507:1510 arg1 strain 1512:1517 the type strain 1503:1517 the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp 1503:1595 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 2 44 theme pit 205:207 arg1 sample 213:218 an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample 181:218 an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample collected from Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China 181:283 A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated LAM0415(T), was isolated from an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample collected from Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China. 27055557 6 45 theme G+C 872:874 arg1 content 876:882 The genomic DNA G+C content 856:882 The genomic DNA G+C content 856:882 The genomic DNA G+C content was 35.2 mol% as determined by the T m method. 27055557 6 45 theme G+C 872:874 arg1 % 896:896 35.2 mol% 888:896 35.2 mol% 888:896 The genomic DNA G+C content was 35.2 mol% as determined by the T m method. 27055557 6 46 theme genomic 860:866 arg1 content 876:882 The genomic DNA G+C content 856:882 The genomic DNA G+C content 856:882 The genomic DNA G+C content was 35.2 mol% as determined by the T m method. 27055557 6 46 theme genomic 860:866 arg1 % 896:896 35.2 mol% 888:896 35.2 mol% 888:896 The genomic DNA G+C content was 35.2 mol% as determined by the T m method. 27055557 11 47 theme T 1473:1473 arg1 T 1488:1488 T 1488:1488 T 1488:1488 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 11 47 theme T 1473:1473 arg1 19841 1482:1486 =ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841 1461:1486 =ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T) 1461:1489 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 2 48 theme fermentation 192:203 arg1 sample 213:218 an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample 181:218 an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample collected from Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China 181:283 A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated LAM0415(T), was isolated from an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample collected from Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China. 27055557 6 49 theme DNA 868:870 arg1 content 876:882 The genomic DNA G+C content 856:882 The genomic DNA G+C content 856:882 The genomic DNA G+C content was 35.2 mol% as determined by the T m method. 27055557 6 49 theme DNA 868:870 arg1 % 896:896 35.2 mol% 888:896 35.2 mol% 888:896 The genomic DNA G+C content was 35.2 mol% as determined by the T m method. 27055557 7 50 theme fatty 941:945 arg1 iso-C15:0 975:983 iso-C15:0 975:983 iso-C15:0 975:983 The major fatty acids were determined to be iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 27055557 7 50 theme fatty 941:945 arg1 acids 947:951 The major fatty acids 931:951 The major fatty acids 931:951 The major fatty acids were determined to be iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 27055557 2 51 theme aerobic 75:81 arg1 bacterium 129:137 A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterium 67:137 A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterium 67:137 A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated LAM0415(T), was isolated from an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample collected from Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China. 27055557 3 52 dep optimum 367:373 arg1 % 380:380 1.0 % 376:380 1.0 % 376:380 The isolate was found to be able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0-10 % (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %), 10-50 °C (optimum: 30-35 °C) and pH 3.0-10.0 (optimum: 7.0-8.0). 27055557 4 53 theme Bacillus 587:594 arg1 T 624:624 T 624:624 T 624:624 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) and Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T), with 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27055557 4 53 theme Bacillus 587:594 arg1 10599 618:622 Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599 587:622 Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) 587:625 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) and Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T), with 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27055557 3 54 theme % 358:358 arg1 concentrations 335:348 NaCl concentrations 330:348 NaCl concentrations of 0-10 % (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %), 10-50 °C (optimum: 30-35 °C) and pH 3.0-10.0 (optimum: 7.0-8.0) 330:446 The isolate was found to be able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0-10 % (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %), 10-50 °C (optimum: 30-35 °C) and pH 3.0-10.0 (optimum: 7.0-8.0). 27055557 2 55 theme novel 69:73 arg1 bacterium 129:137 A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterium 67:137 A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterium 67:137 A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated LAM0415(T), was isolated from an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample collected from Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China. 27055557 4 56 dep similarity 693:702 arg1 % 682:682 % 682:682 % 682:682 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) and Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T), with 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27055557 11 57 theme strain 1442:1447 arg1 T 1457:1457 T 1457:1457 T 1457:1457 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 11 57 theme strain 1442:1447 arg1 LAM0415 1449:1455 strain LAM0415 1442:1455 strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) 1442:1490 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 4 58 theme DSM 614:616 arg1 T 624:624 T 624:624 T 624:624 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) and Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T), with 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27055557 4 58 theme DSM 614:616 arg1 10599 618:622 Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599 587:622 Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) 587:625 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) and Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T), with 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27055557 1 59 theme alcohol 37:43 arg1 mud 62:64 alcohol fermentation pit mud 37:64 alcohol fermentation pit mud 37:64 nov. isolated from alcohol fermentation pit mud. 27055557 11 60 theme novel 1524:1528 arg1 species 1530:1536 a novel species 1522:1536 a novel species 1522:1536 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 11 61 theme phylogenetic 1393:1404 arg1 characteristics 1425:1439 its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1377:1439 its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1377:1439 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 3 62 theme 10-50 °C 384:391 arg1 concentrations 335:348 NaCl concentrations 330:348 NaCl concentrations of 0-10 % (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %), 10-50 °C (optimum: 30-35 °C) and pH 3.0-10.0 (optimum: 7.0-8.0) 330:446 The isolate was found to be able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0-10 % (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %), 10-50 °C (optimum: 30-35 °C) and pH 3.0-10.0 (optimum: 7.0-8.0). 27055557 4 63 theme sequences 488:496 arg1 analysis 462:469 Phylogenetic analysis 449:469 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 449:496 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) and Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T), with 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27055557 4 64 theme DSM 650:652 arg1 T 659:659 T 659:659 T 659:659 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) and Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T), with 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27055557 4 64 theme DSM 650:652 arg1 9356 654:657 Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356 631:657 Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T) 631:660 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) and Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T), with 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27055557 4 65 theme Bacillus 631:638 arg1 T 659:659 T 659:659 T 659:659 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) and Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T), with 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27055557 4 65 theme Bacillus 631:638 arg1 9356 654:657 Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356 631:657 Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T) 631:660 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM 10599(T) and Bacillus oleronius DSM 9356(T), with 98.4 and 97.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27055557 11 66 theme =ACCC 1461:1465 arg1 T 1488:1488 T 1488:1488 T 1488:1488 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 11 66 theme =ACCC 1461:1465 arg1 19841 1482:1486 =ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841 1461:1486 =ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T) 1461:1489 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 5 67 theme hybridization 731:743 arg1 values 745:750 The DNA-DNA hybridization values 719:750 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM0415(T) and the two reference strains 719:806 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM0415(T) and the two reference strains were 33.3 ± 1.2 and 42.8 ± 0.8 %, respectively. 27055557 5 67 theme hybridization 731:743 arg1 % 839:839 33.3 ± 1.2 and 42.8 ± 0.8 % 813:839 33.3 ± 1.2 and 42.8 ± 0.8 % 813:839 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM0415(T) and the two reference strains were 33.3 ± 1.2 and 42.8 ± 0.8 %, respectively. 27055557 2 68 from enterprise 265:274 arg1 China 279:283 China 279:283 China 279:283 A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated LAM0415(T), was isolated from an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample collected from Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China. 27055557 3 69 dep optimum 430:436 arg1 7.0-8.0 439:445 7.0-8.0 439:445 7.0-8.0 439:445 The isolate was found to be able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0-10 % (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %), 10-50 °C (optimum: 30-35 °C) and pH 3.0-10.0 (optimum: 7.0-8.0). 27055557 6 70 theme T 919:919 arg1 method 923:928 the T m method 915:928 the T m method 915:928 The genomic DNA G+C content was 35.2 mol% as determined by the T m method. 27055557 11 71 theme 06413 1467:1471 arg1 T 1488:1488 T 1488:1488 T 1488:1488 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 11 71 theme 06413 1467:1471 arg1 19841 1482:1486 =ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841 1461:1486 =ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T) 1461:1489 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 5 72 theme DNA-DNA 723:729 arg1 values 745:750 The DNA-DNA hybridization values 719:750 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM0415(T) and the two reference strains 719:806 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM0415(T) and the two reference strains were 33.3 ± 1.2 and 42.8 ± 0.8 %, respectively. 27055557 5 72 theme DNA-DNA 723:729 arg1 % 839:839 33.3 ± 1.2 and 42.8 ± 0.8 % 813:839 33.3 ± 1.2 and 42.8 ± 0.8 % 813:839 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM0415(T) and the two reference strains were 33.3 ± 1.2 and 42.8 ± 0.8 %, respectively. 27055557 11 73 theme species 1530:1536 arg1 strain 1512:1517 the type strain 1503:1517 the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp 1503:1595 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 11 74 theme Bacillus 1551:1558 arg1 species 1530:1536 a novel species 1522:1536 a novel species 1522:1536 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0415(T) (=ACCC 06413(T) = JCM 19841(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus vini sp. 27055557 9 75 theme polar 1090:1094 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1120:1141 diphosphatidylglycerol 1120:1141 diphosphatidylglycerol 1120:1141 The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid and four unidentified glycolipids. 27055557 9 75 theme polar 1090:1094 arg1 lipids 1096:1101 The major polar lipids 1080:1101 The major polar lipids 1080:1101 The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid and four unidentified glycolipids. 27055557 2 76 theme mud 209:211 arg1 sample 213:218 an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample 181:218 an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample collected from Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China 181:283 A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated LAM0415(T), was isolated from an alcohol fermentation pit mud sample collected from Sichuan Luzhou-flavour liquor enterprise in China. 27055557 3 77 theme pH 417:418 arg1 concentrations 335:348 NaCl concentrations 330:348 NaCl concentrations of 0-10 % (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %), 10-50 °C (optimum: 30-35 °C) and pH 3.0-10.0 (optimum: 7.0-8.0) 330:446 The isolate was found to be able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0-10 % (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %), 10-50 °C (optimum: 30-35 °C) and pH 3.0-10.0 (optimum: 7.0-8.0). 27055557 9 78 theme unidentified 1196:1207 arg1 phospholipid 1209:1220 one unidentified phospholipid 1192:1220 one unidentified phospholipid 1192:1220 The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid and four unidentified glycolipids. 26510781 5 0 theme Gram-stain-positive 418:436 arg1 rods 476:479 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming rods 418:479 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming rods 418:479 Cells of strain EGI 80759T were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming rods. 26510781 7 1 theme Cell-wall 707:715 arg1 hydrolysates 717:728 Cell-wall hydrolysates 707:728 Cell-wall hydrolysates of the isolate 707:743 Cell-wall hydrolysates of the isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (peptidoglycan type A1γ), with glucose, glucosamine, ribose and mannose as the major sugars. 26510781 15 2 theme class 1669:1673 arg1 Nitriliruptoria 1675:1689 the class Nitriliruptoria 1665:1689 the class Nitriliruptoria 1665:1689 nov., within the class Nitriliruptoria. 26510781 6 3 dep NaCl 569:572 arg1 w/v 602:604 w/v 602:604 w/v 602:604 Strain EGI 80759T showed obligately halophilic growth with a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) and facultatively alkaliphilic growth within the pH range 7.0-11.0 (optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0). 26510781 6 3 dep NaCl 569:572 arg1 % 599:599 optimum growth at 10-12 % 575:599 optimum growth at 10-12 % 575:599 Strain EGI 80759T showed obligately halophilic growth with a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) and facultatively alkaliphilic growth within the pH range 7.0-11.0 (optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0). 26510781 6 4 theme growth 583:588 arg1 w/v 602:604 w/v 602:604 w/v 602:604 Strain EGI 80759T showed obligately halophilic growth with a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) and facultatively alkaliphilic growth within the pH range 7.0-11.0 (optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0). 26510781 6 4 theme growth 583:588 arg1 % 599:599 optimum growth at 10-12 % 575:599 optimum growth at 10-12 % 575:599 Strain EGI 80759T showed obligately halophilic growth with a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) and facultatively alkaliphilic growth within the pH range 7.0-11.0 (optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0). 26510781 16 5 theme species 1720:1726 arg1 strain 1701:1706 The type strain 1692:1706 The type strain of the type species 1692:1726 The type strain of the type species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae, is EGI 80759T ( = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T). 26510781 16 5 theme species 1720:1726 arg1 80759T 1761:1766 EGI 80759T 1757:1766 EGI 80759T ( = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T) 1757:1800 The type strain of the type species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae, is EGI 80759T ( = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T). 26510781 16 5 theme species 1720:1726 arg1 rhizosphaerae 1739:1751 rhizosphaerae 1739:1751 rhizosphaerae 1739:1751 The type strain of the type species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae, is EGI 80759T ( = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T). 26510781 12 6 theme novel 1490:1494 arg1 genus 1496:1500 a novel genus 1488:1500 a novel genus 1488:1500 On the basis of the data obtained from phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies and the phylogenetic analysis, the isolate is proposed to be a representative of a novel genus and a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 13 7 theme novel 1582:1586 arg1 family 1588:1593 a proposed novel family 1571:1593 a proposed novel family 1571:1593 nov., of a proposed novel family, Egibacteraceae fam. 26510781 9 8 theme predominant 958:968 arg1 menaquinone 970:980 The predominant menaquinone 954:980 The predominant menaquinone 954:980 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). 26510781 9 8 theme predominant 958:968 arg1 MK-9 986:989 MK-9 986:989 MK-9(H4) 986:993 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). 26510781 1 9 theme Egibaceraceae 130:142 arg1 fam 144:146 Egibaceraceae fam 130:146 Egibaceraceae fam 130:146 nov., an obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium and proposal of Egibaceraceae fam. 26510781 4 10 theme EGI 268:270 arg1 80759T 272:277 EGI 80759T 268:277 EGI 80759T 268:277 A novel obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium, designated EGI 80759T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Tamarix hispida Willd, Karamay, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 26510781 8 11 dep 10-methyl-C17  911:924 arg1 C17  930:933 C17  930:933 C17  930:933 The major fatty acids identified were 10-methyl-C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 26510781 8 11 dep 10-methyl-C17  911:924 arg1  0 926:927  0 926:927  0 926:927 The major fatty acids identified were 10-methyl-C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 26510781 8 11 dep 10-methyl-C17  911:924 arg1 C17  945:948 C17  945:948 C17  945:948 The major fatty acids identified were 10-methyl-C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 26510781 5 12 theme EGI 402:404 arg1 80759T 406:411 strain EGI 80759T 395:411 strain EGI 80759T 395:411 Cells of strain EGI 80759T were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming rods. 26510781 7 13 theme peptidoglycan 781:793 arg1 acid 775:778 meso-diaminopimelic acid 755:778 meso-diaminopimelic acid (peptidoglycan type A1γ) 755:803 Cell-wall hydrolysates of the isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (peptidoglycan type A1γ), with glucose, glucosamine, ribose and mannose as the major sugars. 26510781 7 13 theme peptidoglycan 781:793 arg1 A1γ 800:802 peptidoglycan type A1γ 781:802 peptidoglycan type A1γ 781:802 Cell-wall hydrolysates of the isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (peptidoglycan type A1γ), with glucose, glucosamine, ribose and mannose as the major sugars. 26510781 11 14 theme class 1165:1169 arg1 Nitriliruptoria 1171:1185 the class Nitriliruptoria 1161:1185 the class Nitriliruptoria 1161:1185 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain EGI 80759T clustered with members of the class Nitriliruptoria and showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Euzebya tangerina F10T (90.3 %) and Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T (88.1 %). 26510781 10 15 theme DNA 1027:1029 arg1 % 1043:1043 72.1 mol% 1035:1043 72.1 mol% 1035:1043 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.1 mol%. 26510781 10 15 theme DNA 1027:1029 arg1 content 1004:1010 The G+C content 996:1010 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 996:1029 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.1 mol%. 26510781 13 16 dep fam 1611:1613 arg1 nov. 1562:1565 nov. 1562:1565 nov. 1562:1565 nov., of a proposed novel family, Egibacteraceae fam. 26510781 11 17 theme gene 1087:1090 arg1 sequences 1092:1100 16S rRNA gene sequences 1078:1100 16S rRNA gene sequences 1078:1100 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain EGI 80759T clustered with members of the class Nitriliruptoria and showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Euzebya tangerina F10T (90.3 %) and Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T (88.1 %). 26510781 12 18 theme Egibacter 1523:1531 arg1 nov. 1552:1555 Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 1523:1555 Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 1523:1555 On the basis of the data obtained from phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies and the phylogenetic analysis, the isolate is proposed to be a representative of a novel genus and a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 12 18 theme Egibacter 1523:1531 arg1 species 1514:1520 a novel species 1506:1520 a novel species 1506:1520 On the basis of the data obtained from phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies and the phylogenetic analysis, the isolate is proposed to be a representative of a novel genus and a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 11 19 theme rRNA 1210:1213 arg1 similarities 1229:1240 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1198:1240 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1198:1240 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain EGI 80759T clustered with members of the class Nitriliruptoria and showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Euzebya tangerina F10T (90.3 %) and Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T (88.1 %). 26510781 1 20 theme halophilic 59:68 arg1 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov., an obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium and proposal of Egibaceraceae fam. 26510781 1 20 theme halophilic 59:68 arg1 actinobacterium 98:112 actinobacterium 98:112 actinobacterium 98:112 nov., an obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium and proposal of Egibaceraceae fam. 26510781 12 21 theme gen. 1547:1550 arg1 nov. 1552:1555 Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 1523:1555 Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 1523:1555 On the basis of the data obtained from phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies and the phylogenetic analysis, the isolate is proposed to be a representative of a novel genus and a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 12 21 theme gen. 1547:1550 arg1 species 1514:1520 a novel species 1506:1520 a novel species 1506:1520 On the basis of the data obtained from phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies and the phylogenetic analysis, the isolate is proposed to be a representative of a novel genus and a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 11 22 theme highest 1198:1204 arg1 similarities 1229:1240 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1198:1240 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1198:1240 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain EGI 80759T clustered with members of the class Nitriliruptoria and showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Euzebya tangerina F10T (90.3 %) and Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T (88.1 %). 26510781 0 23 theme Egibacter 0:8 arg1 nov. 29:32 Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 0:32 Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 0:32 Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 0 24 theme gen. 24:27 arg1 nov. 29:32 Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 0:32 Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 0:32 Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 10 25 theme 72.1 mol 1035:1042 arg1 % 1043:1043 72.1 mol% 1035:1043 72.1 mol% 1035:1043 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.1 mol%. 26510781 10 25 theme 72.1 mol 1035:1042 arg1 content 1004:1010 The G+C content 996:1010 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 996:1029 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.1 mol%. 26510781 12 26 theme chemotaxonomic 1384:1397 arg1 studies 1399:1405 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies 1369:1405 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies 1369:1405 On the basis of the data obtained from phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies and the phylogenetic analysis, the isolate is proposed to be a representative of a novel genus and a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 8 27 theme major 877:881 arg1 acids 889:893 The major fatty acids 873:893 The major fatty acids identified 873:904 The major fatty acids identified were 10-methyl-C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 26510781 8 27 theme major 877:881 arg1 10-methyl-C17  911:924 10-methyl-C17  911:924 10-methyl-C17  911:924 The major fatty acids identified were 10-methyl-C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 26510781 11 28 theme strain 1117:1122 arg1 80759T 1128:1133 strain EGI 80759T 1117:1133 strain EGI 80759T 1117:1133 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain EGI 80759T clustered with members of the class Nitriliruptoria and showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Euzebya tangerina F10T (90.3 %) and Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T (88.1 %). 26510781 16 29 theme EGI 1757:1759 arg1 strain 1701:1706 The type strain 1692:1706 The type strain of the type species 1692:1726 The type strain of the type species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae, is EGI 80759T ( = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T). 26510781 16 29 theme EGI 1757:1759 arg1 80759T 1761:1766 EGI 80759T 1757:1766 EGI 80759T ( = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T) 1757:1800 The type strain of the type species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae, is EGI 80759T ( = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T). 26510781 16 29 theme EGI 1757:1759 arg1 39588T 1794:1799  = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T 1769:1799  = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T 1769:1799 The type strain of the type species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae, is EGI 80759T ( = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T). 26510781 4 30 theme province 358:365 arg1 rhizosphere 302:312 the rhizosphere 298:312 the rhizosphere of Tamarix hispida Willd, Karamay, Xinjiang province, north-west China 298:383 A novel obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium, designated EGI 80759T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Tamarix hispida Willd, Karamay, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 26510781 6 31 theme Strain 482:487 arg1 80759T 493:498 Strain EGI 80759T 482:498 Strain EGI 80759T 482:498 Strain EGI 80759T showed obligately halophilic growth with a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) and facultatively alkaliphilic growth within the pH range 7.0-11.0 (optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0). 26510781 12 32 theme phenotypic 1369:1378 arg1 studies 1399:1405 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies 1369:1405 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies 1369:1405 On the basis of the data obtained from phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies and the phylogenetic analysis, the isolate is proposed to be a representative of a novel genus and a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 6 33 theme w/v 564:566 arg1 NaCl 569:572 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl 556:572 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) 556:605 Strain EGI 80759T showed obligately halophilic growth with a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) and facultatively alkaliphilic growth within the pH range 7.0-11.0 (optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0). 26510781 16 34 theme 1.14997T = KCTC 1778:1792 arg1 80759T 1761:1766 EGI 80759T 1757:1766 EGI 80759T ( = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T) 1757:1800 The type strain of the type species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae, is EGI 80759T ( = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T). 26510781 16 34 theme 1.14997T = KCTC 1778:1792 arg1 39588T 1794:1799  = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T 1769:1799  = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T 1769:1799 The type strain of the type species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae, is EGI 80759T ( = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T). 26510781 6 35 from pH 9.0-10.0 693:703 arg1 growth 683:688 optimum growth 675:688 optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0 675:703 Strain EGI 80759T showed obligately halophilic growth with a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) and facultatively alkaliphilic growth within the pH range 7.0-11.0 (optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0). 26510781 6 36 theme % 561:561 arg1 NaCl 569:572 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl 556:572 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) 556:605 Strain EGI 80759T showed obligately halophilic growth with a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) and facultatively alkaliphilic growth within the pH range 7.0-11.0 (optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0). 26510781 7 37 theme major 859:863 arg1 sugars 865:870 the major sugars 855:870 the major sugars 855:870 Cell-wall hydrolysates of the isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (peptidoglycan type A1γ), with glucose, glucosamine, ribose and mannose as the major sugars. 26510781 7 38 contain contained 745:753 arg2 A1γ 800:802 peptidoglycan type A1γ 781:802 peptidoglycan type A1γ 781:802 Cell-wall hydrolysates of the isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (peptidoglycan type A1γ), with glucose, glucosamine, ribose and mannose as the major sugars. 26510781 7 38 contain contained 745:753 arg1 hydrolysates 717:728 Cell-wall hydrolysates 707:728 Cell-wall hydrolysates of the isolate 707:743 Cell-wall hydrolysates of the isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (peptidoglycan type A1γ), with glucose, glucosamine, ribose and mannose as the major sugars. 26510781 7 38 contain contained 745:753 arg2 acid 775:778 meso-diaminopimelic acid 755:778 meso-diaminopimelic acid (peptidoglycan type A1γ) 755:803 Cell-wall hydrolysates of the isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (peptidoglycan type A1γ), with glucose, glucosamine, ribose and mannose as the major sugars. 26510781 4 39 dep halophilic 201:210 arg1 alkaliphilic 227:238 alkaliphilic 227:238 alkaliphilic 227:238 A novel obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium, designated EGI 80759T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Tamarix hispida Willd, Karamay, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 26510781 4 40 theme north-west 368:377 arg1 China 379:383 north-west China 368:383 north-west China 368:383 A novel obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium, designated EGI 80759T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Tamarix hispida Willd, Karamay, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 26510781 4 40 theme north-west 368:377 arg1 province 358:365 Tamarix hispida Willd, Karamay, Xinjiang province 317:365 Tamarix hispida Willd, Karamay, Xinjiang province 317:365 A novel obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium, designated EGI 80759T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Tamarix hispida Willd, Karamay, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 26510781 13 41 theme Egibacteraceae 1596:1609 arg1 fam 1611:1613 Egibacteraceae fam 1596:1613 Egibacteraceae fam 1596:1613 nov., of a proposed novel family, Egibacteraceae fam. 26510781 16 42 theme type 1715:1718 arg1 species 1720:1726 the type species 1711:1726 the type species 1711:1726 The type strain of the type species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae, is EGI 80759T ( = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T). 26510781 6 43 theme at 590:591 arg1 w/v 602:604 w/v 602:604 w/v 602:604 Strain EGI 80759T showed obligately halophilic growth with a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) and facultatively alkaliphilic growth within the pH range 7.0-11.0 (optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0). 26510781 6 43 theme at 590:591 arg1 % 599:599 optimum growth at 10-12 % 575:599 optimum growth at 10-12 % 575:599 Strain EGI 80759T showed obligately halophilic growth with a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) and facultatively alkaliphilic growth within the pH range 7.0-11.0 (optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0). 26510781 4 44 theme novel 184:188 arg1 actinobacterium 240:254 A novel obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium 182:254 A novel obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium 182:254 A novel obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium, designated EGI 80759T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Tamarix hispida Willd, Karamay, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 26510781 12 45 theme genus 1496:1500 arg1 isolate 1442:1448 the isolate 1438:1448 the isolate 1438:1448 On the basis of the data obtained from phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies and the phylogenetic analysis, the isolate is proposed to be a representative of a novel genus and a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 12 45 theme genus 1496:1500 arg1 representative 1470:1483 a representative 1468:1483 a representative of a novel genus and a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp 1468:1559 On the basis of the data obtained from phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies and the phylogenetic analysis, the isolate is proposed to be a representative of a novel genus and a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 6 46 theme optimum 575:581 arg1 w/v 602:604 w/v 602:604 w/v 602:604 Strain EGI 80759T showed obligately halophilic growth with a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) and facultatively alkaliphilic growth within the pH range 7.0-11.0 (optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0). 26510781 6 46 theme optimum 575:581 arg1 % 599:599 optimum growth at 10-12 % 575:599 optimum growth at 10-12 % 575:599 Strain EGI 80759T showed obligately halophilic growth with a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) and facultatively alkaliphilic growth within the pH range 7.0-11.0 (optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0). 26510781 13 47 theme proposed 1573:1580 arg1 family 1588:1593 a proposed novel family 1571:1593 a proposed novel family 1571:1593 nov., of a proposed novel family, Egibacteraceae fam. 26510781 11 48 theme sequence 1220:1227 arg1 similarities 1229:1240 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1198:1240 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1198:1240 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain EGI 80759T clustered with members of the class Nitriliruptoria and showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Euzebya tangerina F10T (90.3 %) and Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T (88.1 %). 26510781 13 49 theme family 1588:1593 arg1 nov. 1562:1565 nov. 1562:1565 nov. 1562:1565 nov., of a proposed novel family, Egibacteraceae fam. 26510781 1 50 dep halophilic 59:68 arg1 alkaliphilic 85:96 alkaliphilic 85:96 alkaliphilic 85:96 nov., an obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium and proposal of Egibaceraceae fam. 26510781 15 51 dep nov. 1652:1655 arg1 Nitriliruptoria 1675:1689 the class Nitriliruptoria 1665:1689 the class Nitriliruptoria 1665:1689 nov., within the class Nitriliruptoria. 26510781 4 52 attach isolated 284:291 arg1 rhizosphere 302:312 the rhizosphere 298:312 the rhizosphere of Tamarix hispida Willd, Karamay, Xinjiang province, north-west China 298:383 A novel obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium, designated EGI 80759T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Tamarix hispida Willd, Karamay, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 26510781 4 52 attach isolated 284:291 arg2 actinobacterium 240:254 A novel obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium 182:254 A novel obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium 182:254 A novel obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium, designated EGI 80759T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Tamarix hispida Willd, Karamay, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 26510781 6 53 theme alkaliphilic 625:636 arg1 growth 638:643 facultatively alkaliphilic growth 611:643 facultatively alkaliphilic growth 611:643 Strain EGI 80759T showed obligately halophilic growth with a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) and facultatively alkaliphilic growth within the pH range 7.0-11.0 (optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0). 26510781 1 54 theme fam 144:146 arg1 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov., an obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium and proposal of Egibaceraceae fam. 26510781 1 54 theme fam 144:146 arg1 proposal 118:125 proposal 118:125 proposal 118:125 nov., an obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium and proposal of Egibaceraceae fam. 26510781 1 54 theme fam 144:146 arg1 actinobacterium 98:112 actinobacterium 98:112 actinobacterium 98:112 nov., an obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium and proposal of Egibaceraceae fam. 26510781 5 55 theme strain 395:400 arg1 80759T 406:411 strain EGI 80759T 395:411 strain EGI 80759T 395:411 Cells of strain EGI 80759T were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming rods. 26510781 12 56 dep data 1350:1353 arg1 basis 1337:1341 basis 1337:1341 basis 1337:1341 On the basis of the data obtained from phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies and the phylogenetic analysis, the isolate is proposed to be a representative of a novel genus and a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 12 56 dep data 1350:1353 arg1 the 1333:1335 the 1333:1335 the 1333:1335 On the basis of the data obtained from phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies and the phylogenetic analysis, the isolate is proposed to be a representative of a novel genus and a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 10 57 theme G+C 1000:1002 arg1 % 1043:1043 72.1 mol% 1035:1043 72.1 mol% 1035:1043 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.1 mol%. 26510781 10 57 theme G+C 1000:1002 arg1 content 1004:1010 The G+C content 996:1010 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 996:1029 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.1 mol%. 26510781 16 58 theme type 1696:1699 arg1 strain 1701:1706 The type strain 1692:1706 The type strain of the type species 1692:1726 The type strain of the type species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae, is EGI 80759T ( = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T). 26510781 16 58 theme type 1696:1699 arg1 80759T 1761:1766 EGI 80759T 1757:1766 EGI 80759T ( = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T) 1757:1800 The type strain of the type species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae, is EGI 80759T ( = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T). 26510781 16 58 theme type 1696:1699 arg1 rhizosphaerae 1739:1751 rhizosphaerae 1739:1751 rhizosphaerae 1739:1751 The type strain of the type species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae, is EGI 80759T ( = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T). 26510781 4 59 theme halophilic 201:210 arg1 actinobacterium 240:254 A novel obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium 182:254 A novel obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium 182:254 A novel obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium, designated EGI 80759T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Tamarix hispida Willd, Karamay, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 26510781 12 60 theme phylogenetic 1415:1426 arg1 analysis 1428:1435 the phylogenetic analysis 1411:1435 the phylogenetic analysis 1411:1435 On the basis of the data obtained from phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies and the phylogenetic analysis, the isolate is proposed to be a representative of a novel genus and a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 6 61 with growth 638:643 arg1 tolerance 543:551 a tolerance 541:551 a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) 541:605 Strain EGI 80759T showed obligately halophilic growth with a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) and facultatively alkaliphilic growth within the pH range 7.0-11.0 (optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0). 26510781 11 62 theme rRNA 1082:1085 arg1 sequences 1092:1100 16S rRNA gene sequences 1078:1100 16S rRNA gene sequences 1078:1100 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain EGI 80759T clustered with members of the class Nitriliruptoria and showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Euzebya tangerina F10T (90.3 %) and Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T (88.1 %). 26510781 12 63 theme sp 1558:1559 arg1 isolate 1442:1448 the isolate 1438:1448 the isolate 1438:1448 On the basis of the data obtained from phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies and the phylogenetic analysis, the isolate is proposed to be a representative of a novel genus and a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 12 63 theme sp 1558:1559 arg1 representative 1470:1483 a representative 1468:1483 a representative of a novel genus and a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp 1468:1559 On the basis of the data obtained from phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies and the phylogenetic analysis, the isolate is proposed to be a representative of a novel genus and a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 11 64 theme Nitriliruptoria 1171:1185 arg1 members 1150:1156 members 1150:1156 members of the class Nitriliruptoria 1150:1185 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain EGI 80759T clustered with members of the class Nitriliruptoria and showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Euzebya tangerina F10T (90.3 %) and Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T (88.1 %). 26510781 10 65 theme genomic 1019:1025 arg1 DNA 1027:1029 the genomic DNA 1015:1029 the genomic DNA 1015:1029 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.1 mol%. 26510781 11 66 theme gene 1215:1218 arg1 similarities 1229:1240 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1198:1240 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1198:1240 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain EGI 80759T clustered with members of the class Nitriliruptoria and showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Euzebya tangerina F10T (90.3 %) and Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T (88.1 %). 26510781 7 67 theme isolate 737:743 arg1 hydrolysates 717:728 Cell-wall hydrolysates 707:728 Cell-wall hydrolysates of the isolate 707:743 Cell-wall hydrolysates of the isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (peptidoglycan type A1γ), with glucose, glucosamine, ribose and mannose as the major sugars. 26510781 6 68 theme optimum 675:681 arg1 growth 683:688 optimum growth 675:688 optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0 675:703 Strain EGI 80759T showed obligately halophilic growth with a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) and facultatively alkaliphilic growth within the pH range 7.0-11.0 (optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0). 26510781 0 69 theme rhizosphaerae 10:22 arg1 nov. 29:32 Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 0:32 Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 0:32 Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 12 70 theme rhizosphaerae 1533:1545 arg1 nov. 1552:1555 Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 1523:1555 Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 1523:1555 On the basis of the data obtained from phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies and the phylogenetic analysis, the isolate is proposed to be a representative of a novel genus and a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 12 70 theme rhizosphaerae 1533:1545 arg1 species 1514:1520 a novel species 1506:1520 a novel species 1506:1520 On the basis of the data obtained from phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies and the phylogenetic analysis, the isolate is proposed to be a representative of a novel genus and a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 11 71 theme 16S 1206:1208 arg1 similarities 1229:1240 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1198:1240 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1198:1240 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain EGI 80759T clustered with members of the class Nitriliruptoria and showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Euzebya tangerina F10T (90.3 %) and Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T (88.1 %). 26510781 11 72 dep showed 1191:1196 arg1 % 1326:1326 88.1 % 1321:1326 88.1 % 1321:1326 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain EGI 80759T clustered with members of the class Nitriliruptoria and showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Euzebya tangerina F10T (90.3 %) and Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T (88.1 %). 26510781 6 73 theme halophilic 518:527 arg1 growth 529:534 obligately halophilic growth 507:534 obligately halophilic growth with a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) 507:605 Strain EGI 80759T showed obligately halophilic growth with a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) and facultatively alkaliphilic growth within the pH range 7.0-11.0 (optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0). 26510781 6 74 theme pH 656:657 arg1 range 659:663 the pH range 7.0-11.0 652:672 the pH range 7.0-11.0 652:672 Strain EGI 80759T showed obligately halophilic growth with a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) and facultatively alkaliphilic growth within the pH range 7.0-11.0 (optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0). 26510781 7 75 theme type 795:798 arg1 acid 775:778 meso-diaminopimelic acid 755:778 meso-diaminopimelic acid (peptidoglycan type A1γ) 755:803 Cell-wall hydrolysates of the isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (peptidoglycan type A1γ), with glucose, glucosamine, ribose and mannose as the major sugars. 26510781 7 75 theme type 795:798 arg1 A1γ 800:802 peptidoglycan type A1γ 781:802 peptidoglycan type A1γ 781:802 Cell-wall hydrolysates of the isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (peptidoglycan type A1γ), with glucose, glucosamine, ribose and mannose as the major sugars. 26510781 12 76 theme novel 1508:1512 arg1 nov. 1552:1555 Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 1523:1555 Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 1523:1555 On the basis of the data obtained from phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies and the phylogenetic analysis, the isolate is proposed to be a representative of a novel genus and a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 12 76 theme novel 1508:1512 arg1 species 1514:1520 a novel species 1506:1520 a novel species 1506:1520 On the basis of the data obtained from phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies and the phylogenetic analysis, the isolate is proposed to be a representative of a novel genus and a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 6 77 dep showed 500:505 arg1 growth 683:688 optimum growth 675:688 optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0 675:703 Strain EGI 80759T showed obligately halophilic growth with a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) and facultatively alkaliphilic growth within the pH range 7.0-11.0 (optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0). 26510781 11 78 theme EGI 1124:1126 arg1 80759T 1128:1133 strain EGI 80759T 1117:1133 strain EGI 80759T 1117:1133 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain EGI 80759T clustered with members of the class Nitriliruptoria and showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Euzebya tangerina F10T (90.3 %) and Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T (88.1 %). 26510781 12 79 theme species 1514:1520 arg1 sp 1558:1559 a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp 1506:1559 a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp 1506:1559 On the basis of the data obtained from phenotypic and chemotaxonomic studies and the phylogenetic analysis, the isolate is proposed to be a representative of a novel genus and a novel species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 0 80 dep sp 35:36 arg1 nov. 29:32 Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 0:32 Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov. 0:32 Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. 26510781 8 81 theme fatty 883:887 arg1 acids 889:893 The major fatty acids 873:893 The major fatty acids identified 873:904 The major fatty acids identified were 10-methyl-C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 26510781 8 81 theme fatty 883:887 arg1 10-methyl-C17  911:924 10-methyl-C17  911:924 10-methyl-C17  911:924 The major fatty acids identified were 10-methyl-C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 26510781 6 82 theme EGI 489:491 arg1 80759T 493:498 Strain EGI 80759T 482:498 Strain EGI 80759T 482:498 Strain EGI 80759T showed obligately halophilic growth with a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) and facultatively alkaliphilic growth within the pH range 7.0-11.0 (optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0). 26510781 5 83 theme non-motile 439:448 arg1 rods 476:479 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming rods 418:479 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming rods 418:479 Cells of strain EGI 80759T were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming rods. 26510781 7 84 theme meso-diaminopimelic 755:773 arg1 acid 775:778 meso-diaminopimelic acid 755:778 meso-diaminopimelic acid (peptidoglycan type A1γ) 755:803 Cell-wall hydrolysates of the isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (peptidoglycan type A1γ), with glucose, glucosamine, ribose and mannose as the major sugars. 26510781 7 84 theme meso-diaminopimelic 755:773 arg1 A1γ 800:802 peptidoglycan type A1γ 781:802 peptidoglycan type A1γ 781:802 Cell-wall hydrolysates of the isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (peptidoglycan type A1γ), with glucose, glucosamine, ribose and mannose as the major sugars. 26510781 16 85 theme  = CGMCC 1769:1776 arg1 80759T 1761:1766 EGI 80759T 1757:1766 EGI 80759T ( = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T) 1757:1800 The type strain of the type species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae, is EGI 80759T ( = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T). 26510781 16 85 theme  = CGMCC 1769:1776 arg1 39588T 1794:1799  = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T 1769:1799  = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T 1769:1799 The type strain of the type species, Egibacter rhizosphaerae, is EGI 80759T ( = CGMCC 1.14997T = KCTC 39588T). 26510781 4 86 theme Xinjiang 349:356 arg1 China 379:383 north-west China 368:383 north-west China 368:383 A novel obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium, designated EGI 80759T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Tamarix hispida Willd, Karamay, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 26510781 4 86 theme Xinjiang 349:356 arg1 province 358:365 Tamarix hispida Willd, Karamay, Xinjiang province 317:365 Tamarix hispida Willd, Karamay, Xinjiang province 317:365 A novel obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium, designated EGI 80759T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Tamarix hispida Willd, Karamay, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 26510781 11 87 theme 16S 1078:1080 arg1 sequences 1092:1100 16S rRNA gene sequences 1078:1100 16S rRNA gene sequences 1078:1100 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain EGI 80759T clustered with members of the class Nitriliruptoria and showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Euzebya tangerina F10T (90.3 %) and Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T (88.1 %). 26510781 5 88 theme non-endospore-forming 454:474 arg1 rods 476:479 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming rods 418:479 Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming rods 418:479 Cells of strain EGI 80759T were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming rods. 26510781 6 89 with growth 529:534 arg1 tolerance 543:551 a tolerance 541:551 a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) 541:605 Strain EGI 80759T showed obligately halophilic growth with a tolerance to 8-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 10-12 %, w/v) and facultatively alkaliphilic growth within the pH range 7.0-11.0 (optimum growth at pH 9.0-10.0). 26510781 11 90 theme Phylogenetic 1046:1057 arg1 analysis 1059:1066 Phylogenetic analysis 1046:1066 Phylogenetic analysis 1046:1066 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain EGI 80759T clustered with members of the class Nitriliruptoria and showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Euzebya tangerina F10T (90.3 %) and Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T (88.1 %). 26510781 5 91 theme 80759T 406:411 arg1 Cells 386:390 Cells 386:390 Cells of strain EGI 80759T 386:411 Cells of strain EGI 80759T were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming rods. 25260421 6 0 theme low 1036:1038 arg1 dosage 1040:1045 a low dosage 1034:1045 a low dosage of rhBMP-2 (ca. 80 μg) 1034:1068 At a low dosage of rhBMP-2 (ca. 80 μg), the scaffolds released rhBMP-2 protein efficiently at a relatively slow rate, even after 27 d. 25260421 4 1 theme bactericidal 820:831 arg1 efficacy 833:840 the bactericidal efficacy 816:840 the bactericidal efficacy 816:840 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to quantitatively measure the bactericidal efficacy with respect to bacterial adhesion. 25260421 7 2 theme ECM 1186:1188 arg1 mineralization 1190:1203 ECM mineralization 1186:1203 ECM mineralization 1186:1203 An ALP activity and ECM mineralization assay showed that the zein-HACC-S20 scaffolds exhibited significant early osteogenic differentiation by generating enhanced ALP product on day 14 and ECM mineralization on day 21. 25260421 2 3 theme macroporous 316:326 arg1 structure 328:336 a macroporous structure 314:336 a macroporous structure 314:336 In the present study, biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure were synthesized, and SBA-15 nanoparticles and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) were incorporated into the scaffolds to produce an anti-infective composite scaffold for delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects. 25260421 7 4 theme activity 1173:1180 arg1 assay 1205:1209 An ALP activity and ECM mineralization assay 1166:1209 An ALP activity and ECM mineralization assay 1166:1209 An ALP activity and ECM mineralization assay showed that the zein-HACC-S20 scaffolds exhibited significant early osteogenic differentiation by generating enhanced ALP product on day 14 and ECM mineralization on day 21. 25260421 4 5 theme laser 748:752 arg1 CLSM 775:778 CLSM 775:778 CLSM 775:778 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to quantitatively measure the bactericidal efficacy with respect to bacterial adhesion. 25260421 4 5 theme laser 748:752 arg1 microscopy 763:772 Confocal laser scanning microscopy 739:772 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) 739:779 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to quantitatively measure the bactericidal efficacy with respect to bacterial adhesion. 25260421 9 6 theme bone 1765:1768 arg1 marrow 1770:1775 bone marrow 1765:1775 bone marrow cavity recanalization 1765:1797 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 7 7 dep activity 1173:1180 arg1 An 1166:1167 An 1166:1167 An 1166:1167 An ALP activity and ECM mineralization assay showed that the zein-HACC-S20 scaffolds exhibited significant early osteogenic differentiation by generating enhanced ALP product on day 14 and ECM mineralization on day 21. 25260421 2 8 theme rhBMP-2 273:279 arg1 scaffolds 299:307 biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds 259:307 biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure 259:336 In the present study, biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure were synthesized, and SBA-15 nanoparticles and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) were incorporated into the scaffolds to produce an anti-infective composite scaffold for delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects. 25260421 9 9 theme cavity 1777:1782 arg1 recanalization 1784:1797 bone marrow cavity recanalization 1765:1797 bone marrow cavity recanalization 1765:1797 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 8 10 theme silica 1556:1561 arg1 groups 1568:1573 silica free groups 1556:1573 silica free groups 1556:1573 In a mouse model of thigh muscle pouches, zein-S20 and zein-HACC-S20 groups resulted in obvious bone formation and gave more extensive mineralization to the implants than silica free groups, indicating effective bone induction in vivo. 25260421 8 11 theme mouse 1390:1394 arg1 model 1396:1400 a mouse model 1388:1400 a mouse model of thigh muscle pouches 1388:1424 In a mouse model of thigh muscle pouches, zein-S20 and zein-HACC-S20 groups resulted in obvious bone formation and gave more extensive mineralization to the implants than silica free groups, indicating effective bone induction in vivo. 25260421 11 12 theme tissue 2024:2029 arg1 engineering 2031:2041 tissue engineering 2024:2041 tissue engineering 2024:2041 They also demonstrated considerable promise for tissue engineering. 25260421 12 13 theme biomedical 2191:2200 arg1 applications 2202:2213 other biomedical applications 2185:2213 other biomedical applications 2185:2213 Silica/HACC/zein scaffolds with both antibacterial activity and the ability to induce osteogenesis have immense potential in orthopedics and other biomedical applications. 25260421 8 14 theme bone 1481:1484 arg1 formation 1486:1494 obvious bone formation 1473:1494 obvious bone formation 1473:1494 In a mouse model of thigh muscle pouches, zein-S20 and zein-HACC-S20 groups resulted in obvious bone formation and gave more extensive mineralization to the implants than silica free groups, indicating effective bone induction in vivo. 25260421 2 15 theme functional 582:591 arg1 repair 593:598 the functional repair 578:598 the functional repair of bone defects 578:614 In the present study, biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure were synthesized, and SBA-15 nanoparticles and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) were incorporated into the scaffolds to produce an anti-infective composite scaffold for delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects. 25260421 8 16 theme muscle 1411:1416 arg1 pouches 1418:1424 thigh muscle pouches 1405:1424 thigh muscle pouches 1405:1424 In a mouse model of thigh muscle pouches, zein-S20 and zein-HACC-S20 groups resulted in obvious bone formation and gave more extensive mineralization to the implants than silica free groups, indicating effective bone induction in vivo. 25260421 0 17 theme silica-HACC-zein 70:85 arg1 scaffolds 97:105 antibacterial and osteoinductive silica-HACC-zein composite scaffolds 37:105 antibacterial and osteoinductive silica-HACC-zein composite scaffolds loaded with rhBMP-2 37:125 Enhanced bone tissue regeneration by antibacterial and osteoinductive silica-HACC-zein composite scaffolds loaded with rhBMP-2. 25260421 0 18 theme tissue 14:19 arg1 regeneration 21:32 bone tissue regeneration 9:32 bone tissue regeneration 9:32 Enhanced bone tissue regeneration by antibacterial and osteoinductive silica-HACC-zein composite scaffolds loaded with rhBMP-2. 25260421 9 19 theme micro-CT 1820:1827 arg1 technique 1829:1837 3D micro-CT technique 1817:1837 3D micro-CT technique 1817:1837 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 8 20 theme bone 1597:1600 arg1 induction 1602:1610 effective bone induction 1587:1610 effective bone induction 1587:1610 In a mouse model of thigh muscle pouches, zein-S20 and zein-HACC-S20 groups resulted in obvious bone formation and gave more extensive mineralization to the implants than silica free groups, indicating effective bone induction in vivo. 25260421 12 21 with scaffolds 2061:2069 arg1 activity 2095:2102 antibacterial activity 2081:2102 antibacterial activity 2081:2102 Silica/HACC/zein scaffolds with both antibacterial activity and the ability to induce osteogenesis have immense potential in orthopedics and other biomedical applications. 25260421 12 21 with scaffolds 2061:2069 arg1 ability 2112:2118 the ability to induce osteogenesis 2108:2141 the ability to induce osteogenesis 2108:2141 Silica/HACC/zein scaffolds with both antibacterial activity and the ability to induce osteogenesis have immense potential in orthopedics and other biomedical applications. 25260421 9 22 theme rabbit 1626:1631 arg1 model 1633:1637 a rabbit model 1624:1637 a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter) 1624:1714 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 2 23 theme defects 608:614 arg1 repair 593:598 the functional repair 578:598 the functional repair of bone defects 578:614 In the present study, biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure were synthesized, and SBA-15 nanoparticles and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) were incorporated into the scaffolds to produce an anti-infective composite scaffold for delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects. 25260421 4 24 theme bacterial 858:866 arg1 adhesion 868:875 bacterial adhesion 858:875 bacterial adhesion 858:875 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to quantitatively measure the bactericidal efficacy with respect to bacterial adhesion. 25260421 7 25 theme ALP 1329:1331 arg1 product 1333:1339 enhanced ALP product 1320:1339 enhanced ALP product 1320:1339 An ALP activity and ECM mineralization assay showed that the zein-HACC-S20 scaffolds exhibited significant early osteogenic differentiation by generating enhanced ALP product on day 14 and ECM mineralization on day 21. 25260421 9 26 theme radius 1657:1662 arg1 defects 1669:1675 critical-sized radius bone defects 1642:1675 critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter) 1642:1714 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 9 26 theme radius 1657:1662 arg1 mm 1681:1682 20 mm 1678:1682 20 mm in length 1678:1692 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 9 26 theme radius 1657:1662 arg1 mm 1700:1701 5 mm 1698:1701 5 mm in diameter 1698:1713 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 5 27 theme antibacterial 946:958 arg1 activity 960:967 long-lasting antibacterial activity 933:967 long-lasting antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus up to 5 d 933:1028 Results showed that the sample zein-HACC-S20 exhibited long-lasting antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus up to 5 d. 25260421 1 28 with implants 155:162 arg1 osteoinductivity 174:189 osteoinductivity 174:189 osteoinductivity 174:189 Next-generation orthopedic implants with both osteoinductivity and antibacterial ability are greatly needed. 25260421 1 28 with implants 155:162 arg1 ability 209:215 antibacterial ability 195:215 antibacterial ability 195:215 Next-generation orthopedic implants with both osteoinductivity and antibacterial ability are greatly needed. 25260421 4 29 used used 785:788 arg2 CLSM 775:778 CLSM 775:778 CLSM 775:778 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to quantitatively measure the bactericidal efficacy with respect to bacterial adhesion. 25260421 4 29 used used 785:788 arg2 microscopy 763:772 Confocal laser scanning microscopy 739:772 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) 739:779 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to quantitatively measure the bactericidal efficacy with respect to bacterial adhesion. 25260421 9 30 theme defects 1669:1675 arg1 model 1633:1637 a rabbit model 1624:1637 a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter) 1624:1714 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 2 31 theme composite 508:516 arg1 scaffold 518:525 an anti-infective composite scaffold 490:525 an anti-infective composite scaffold for delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects 490:614 In the present study, biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure were synthesized, and SBA-15 nanoparticles and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) were incorporated into the scaffolds to produce an anti-infective composite scaffold for delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects. 25260421 5 32 dep d 1028:1028 arg1 up 1020:1021 up 1020:1021 up 1020:1021 Results showed that the sample zein-HACC-S20 exhibited long-lasting antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus up to 5 d. 25260421 11 33 theme considerable 1999:2010 arg1 promise 2012:2018 considerable promise 1999:2018 considerable promise for tissue engineering 1999:2041 They also demonstrated considerable promise for tissue engineering. 25260421 7 34 theme early 1273:1277 arg1 differentiation 1290:1304 significant early osteogenic differentiation 1261:1304 significant early osteogenic differentiation by generating enhanced ALP product on day 14 1261:1349 An ALP activity and ECM mineralization assay showed that the zein-HACC-S20 scaffolds exhibited significant early osteogenic differentiation by generating enhanced ALP product on day 14 and ECM mineralization on day 21. 25260421 1 35 theme Next-generation 128:142 arg1 implants 155:162 Next-generation orthopedic implants 128:162 Next-generation orthopedic implants with both osteoinductivity and antibacterial ability 128:215 Next-generation orthopedic implants with both osteoinductivity and antibacterial ability are greatly needed. 25260421 9 36 from mm 1681:1682 arg1 length 1687:1692 length 1687:1692 length 1687:1692 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 9 36 from mm 1681:1682 arg1 diameter 1706:1713 diameter 1706:1713 diameter 1706:1713 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 12 37 theme immense 2148:2154 arg1 potential 2156:2164 immense potential 2148:2164 immense potential 2148:2164 Silica/HACC/zein scaffolds with both antibacterial activity and the ability to induce osteogenesis have immense potential in orthopedics and other biomedical applications. 25260421 2 38 theme factors 554:560 arg1 delivery 531:538 delivery 531:538 delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects 531:614 In the present study, biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure were synthesized, and SBA-15 nanoparticles and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) were incorporated into the scaffolds to produce an anti-infective composite scaffold for delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects. 25260421 5 39 theme sample 902:907 arg1 zein-HACC-S20 909:921 the sample zein-HACC-S20 898:921 the sample zein-HACC-S20 898:921 Results showed that the sample zein-HACC-S20 exhibited long-lasting antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus up to 5 d. 25260421 2 40 theme chloride 417:424 arg1 HACC 436:439 HACC 436:439 HACC 436:439 In the present study, biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure were synthesized, and SBA-15 nanoparticles and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) were incorporated into the scaffolds to produce an anti-infective composite scaffold for delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects. 25260421 2 40 theme chloride 417:424 arg1 chitosan 426:433 hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan 385:433 hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) 385:440 In the present study, biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure were synthesized, and SBA-15 nanoparticles and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) were incorporated into the scaffolds to produce an anti-infective composite scaffold for delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects. 25260421 3 41 theme antibacterial 715:727 arg1 activity 729:736 effective antibacterial activity 705:736 effective antibacterial activity 705:736 The silica/HACC/zein scaffolds developed here showed bioactivity, biocompatibility, and effective antibacterial activity. 25260421 2 42 theme present 244:250 arg1 study 252:256 the present study 240:256 the present study 240:256 In the present study, biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure were synthesized, and SBA-15 nanoparticles and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) were incorporated into the scaffolds to produce an anti-infective composite scaffold for delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects. 25260421 2 43 theme hydroxypropyltrimethyl 385:406 arg1 HACC 436:439 HACC 436:439 HACC 436:439 In the present study, biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure were synthesized, and SBA-15 nanoparticles and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) were incorporated into the scaffolds to produce an anti-infective composite scaffold for delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects. 25260421 2 43 theme hydroxypropyltrimethyl 385:406 arg1 chitosan 426:433 hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan 385:433 hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) 385:440 In the present study, biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure were synthesized, and SBA-15 nanoparticles and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) were incorporated into the scaffolds to produce an anti-infective composite scaffold for delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects. 25260421 2 44 theme zein-based 288:297 arg1 scaffolds 299:307 biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds 259:307 biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure 259:336 In the present study, biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure were synthesized, and SBA-15 nanoparticles and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) were incorporated into the scaffolds to produce an anti-infective composite scaffold for delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects. 25260421 6 45 theme rhBMP-2 1050:1056 arg1 dosage 1040:1045 a low dosage 1034:1045 a low dosage of rhBMP-2 (ca. 80 μg) 1034:1068 At a low dosage of rhBMP-2 (ca. 80 μg), the scaffolds released rhBMP-2 protein efficiently at a relatively slow rate, even after 27 d. 25260421 7 46 theme ECM 1355:1357 arg1 mineralization 1359:1372 ECM mineralization 1355:1372 ECM mineralization 1355:1372 An ALP activity and ECM mineralization assay showed that the zein-HACC-S20 scaffolds exhibited significant early osteogenic differentiation by generating enhanced ALP product on day 14 and ECM mineralization on day 21. 25260421 10 47 theme bone 1963:1966 arg1 repair 1968:1973 the bone repair 1959:1973 the bone repair 1959:1973 In this way, the zein-HACC-S20 scaffolds were proven to significantly promote the bone repair. 25260421 7 48 theme mineralization 1190:1203 arg1 assay 1205:1209 An ALP activity and ECM mineralization assay 1166:1209 An ALP activity and ECM mineralization assay 1166:1209 An ALP activity and ECM mineralization assay showed that the zein-HACC-S20 scaffolds exhibited significant early osteogenic differentiation by generating enhanced ALP product on day 14 and ECM mineralization on day 21. 25260421 3 49 theme silica/HACC/zein 621:636 arg1 scaffolds 638:646 The silica/HACC/zein scaffolds 617:646 The silica/HACC/zein scaffolds developed here 617:661 The silica/HACC/zein scaffolds developed here showed bioactivity, biocompatibility, and effective antibacterial activity. 25260421 12 50 theme antibacterial 2081:2093 arg1 activity 2095:2102 antibacterial activity 2081:2102 antibacterial activity 2081:2102 Silica/HACC/zein scaffolds with both antibacterial activity and the ability to induce osteogenesis have immense potential in orthopedics and other biomedical applications. 25260421 9 51 theme bone 1721:1724 arg1 defects 1726:1732 the bone defects 1717:1732 the bone defects 1717:1732 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 5 52 theme long-lasting 933:944 arg1 activity 960:967 long-lasting antibacterial activity 933:967 long-lasting antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus up to 5 d 933:1028 Results showed that the sample zein-HACC-S20 exhibited long-lasting antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus up to 5 d. 25260421 7 53 theme ALP 1169:1171 arg1 activity 1173:1180 ALP activity 1169:1180 ALP activity 1169:1180 An ALP activity and ECM mineralization assay showed that the zein-HACC-S20 scaffolds exhibited significant early osteogenic differentiation by generating enhanced ALP product on day 14 and ECM mineralization on day 21. 25260421 12 54 theme Silica/HACC/zein 2044:2059 arg1 scaffolds 2061:2069 Silica/HACC/zein scaffolds 2044:2069 Silica/HACC/zein scaffolds with both antibacterial activity and the ability to induce osteogenesis 2044:2141 Silica/HACC/zein scaffolds with both antibacterial activity and the ability to induce osteogenesis have immense potential in orthopedics and other biomedical applications. 25260421 8 55 theme pouches 1418:1424 arg1 model 1396:1400 a mouse model 1388:1400 a mouse model of thigh muscle pouches 1388:1424 In a mouse model of thigh muscle pouches, zein-S20 and zein-HACC-S20 groups resulted in obvious bone formation and gave more extensive mineralization to the implants than silica free groups, indicating effective bone induction in vivo. 25260421 4 56 theme Confocal 739:746 arg1 CLSM 775:778 CLSM 775:778 CLSM 775:778 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to quantitatively measure the bactericidal efficacy with respect to bacterial adhesion. 25260421 4 56 theme Confocal 739:746 arg1 microscopy 763:772 Confocal laser scanning microscopy 739:772 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) 739:779 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to quantitatively measure the bactericidal efficacy with respect to bacterial adhesion. 25260421 2 57 theme ammonium 408:415 arg1 HACC 436:439 HACC 436:439 HACC 436:439 In the present study, biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure were synthesized, and SBA-15 nanoparticles and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) were incorporated into the scaffolds to produce an anti-infective composite scaffold for delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects. 25260421 2 57 theme ammonium 408:415 arg1 chitosan 426:433 hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan 385:433 hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) 385:440 In the present study, biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure were synthesized, and SBA-15 nanoparticles and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) were incorporated into the scaffolds to produce an anti-infective composite scaffold for delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects. 25260421 2 58 theme loaded 281:286 arg1 scaffolds 299:307 biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds 259:307 biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure 259:336 In the present study, biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure were synthesized, and SBA-15 nanoparticles and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) were incorporated into the scaffolds to produce an anti-infective composite scaffold for delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects. 25260421 2 59 with scaffolds 299:307 arg1 structure 328:336 a macroporous structure 314:336 a macroporous structure 314:336 In the present study, biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure were synthesized, and SBA-15 nanoparticles and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) were incorporated into the scaffolds to produce an anti-infective composite scaffold for delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects. 25260421 9 60 theme marrow 1770:1775 arg1 recanalization 1784:1797 bone marrow cavity recanalization 1765:1797 bone marrow cavity recanalization 1765:1797 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 8 61 theme free 1563:1566 arg1 groups 1568:1573 silica free groups 1556:1573 silica free groups 1556:1573 In a mouse model of thigh muscle pouches, zein-S20 and zein-HACC-S20 groups resulted in obvious bone formation and gave more extensive mineralization to the implants than silica free groups, indicating effective bone induction in vivo. 25260421 4 62 theme scanning 754:761 arg1 CLSM 775:778 CLSM 775:778 CLSM 775:778 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to quantitatively measure the bactericidal efficacy with respect to bacterial adhesion. 25260421 4 62 theme scanning 754:761 arg1 microscopy 763:772 Confocal laser scanning microscopy 739:772 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) 739:779 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to quantitatively measure the bactericidal efficacy with respect to bacterial adhesion. 25260421 2 63 theme biodegradable 259:271 arg1 scaffolds 299:307 biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds 259:307 biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure 259:336 In the present study, biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure were synthesized, and SBA-15 nanoparticles and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) were incorporated into the scaffolds to produce an anti-infective composite scaffold for delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects. 25260421 1 64 theme orthopedic 144:153 arg1 implants 155:162 Next-generation orthopedic implants 128:162 Next-generation orthopedic implants with both osteoinductivity and antibacterial ability 128:215 Next-generation orthopedic implants with both osteoinductivity and antibacterial ability are greatly needed. 25260421 6 65 theme slow 1138:1141 arg1 rate 1143:1146 a relatively slow rate 1125:1146 a relatively slow rate 1125:1146 At a low dosage of rhBMP-2 (ca. 80 μg), the scaffolds released rhBMP-2 protein efficiently at a relatively slow rate, even after 27 d. 25260421 8 66 theme effective 1587:1595 arg1 induction 1602:1610 effective bone induction 1587:1610 effective bone induction 1587:1610 In a mouse model of thigh muscle pouches, zein-S20 and zein-HACC-S20 groups resulted in obvious bone formation and gave more extensive mineralization to the implants than silica free groups, indicating effective bone induction in vivo. 25260421 12 67 theme other 2185:2189 arg1 applications 2202:2213 other biomedical applications 2185:2213 other biomedical applications 2185:2213 Silica/HACC/zein scaffolds with both antibacterial activity and the ability to induce osteogenesis have immense potential in orthopedics and other biomedical applications. 25260421 0 68 theme composite 87:95 arg1 scaffolds 97:105 antibacterial and osteoinductive silica-HACC-zein composite scaffolds 37:105 antibacterial and osteoinductive silica-HACC-zein composite scaffolds loaded with rhBMP-2 37:125 Enhanced bone tissue regeneration by antibacterial and osteoinductive silica-HACC-zein composite scaffolds loaded with rhBMP-2. 25260421 3 69 theme effective 705:713 arg1 activity 729:736 effective antibacterial activity 705:736 effective antibacterial activity 705:736 The silica/HACC/zein scaffolds developed here showed bioactivity, biocompatibility, and effective antibacterial activity. 25260421 9 70 theme 3D 1817:1818 arg1 technique 1829:1837 3D micro-CT technique 1817:1837 3D micro-CT technique 1817:1837 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 8 71 theme thigh 1405:1409 arg1 pouches 1418:1424 thigh muscle pouches 1405:1424 thigh muscle pouches 1405:1424 In a mouse model of thigh muscle pouches, zein-S20 and zein-HACC-S20 groups resulted in obvious bone formation and gave more extensive mineralization to the implants than silica free groups, indicating effective bone induction in vivo. 25260421 9 72 theme histological 1843:1854 arg1 analysis 1856:1863 histological analysis 1843:1863 histological analysis 1843:1863 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 1 73 theme antibacterial 195:207 arg1 ability 209:215 antibacterial ability 195:215 antibacterial ability 195:215 Next-generation orthopedic implants with both osteoinductivity and antibacterial ability are greatly needed. 25260421 9 74 dep defects 1669:1675 arg1 mm 1700:1701 5 mm 1698:1701 5 mm in diameter 1698:1713 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 9 74 dep defects 1669:1675 arg1 mm 1681:1682 20 mm 1678:1682 20 mm in length 1678:1692 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 9 74 dep defects 1669:1675 arg1 defects 1669:1675 critical-sized radius bone defects 1642:1675 critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter) 1642:1714 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 7 75 theme enhanced 1320:1327 arg1 product 1333:1339 enhanced ALP product 1320:1339 enhanced ALP product 1320:1339 An ALP activity and ECM mineralization assay showed that the zein-HACC-S20 scaffolds exhibited significant early osteogenic differentiation by generating enhanced ALP product on day 14 and ECM mineralization on day 21. 25260421 6 76 theme rhBMP-2 1094:1100 arg1 protein 1102:1108 rhBMP-2 protein 1094:1108 rhBMP-2 protein 1094:1108 At a low dosage of rhBMP-2 (ca. 80 μg), the scaffolds released rhBMP-2 protein efficiently at a relatively slow rate, even after 27 d. 25260421 2 77 theme bone 603:606 arg1 defects 608:614 bone defects 603:614 bone defects 603:614 In the present study, biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure were synthesized, and SBA-15 nanoparticles and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) were incorporated into the scaffolds to produce an anti-infective composite scaffold for delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects. 25260421 9 78 theme critical-sized 1642:1655 arg1 defects 1669:1675 critical-sized radius bone defects 1642:1675 critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter) 1642:1714 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 9 78 theme critical-sized 1642:1655 arg1 mm 1681:1682 20 mm 1678:1682 20 mm in length 1678:1692 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 9 78 theme critical-sized 1642:1655 arg1 mm 1700:1701 5 mm 1698:1701 5 mm in diameter 1698:1713 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 8 79 theme zein-HACC-S20 1440:1452 arg1 groups 1454:1459 zein-HACC-S20 groups 1440:1459 zein-HACC-S20 groups 1440:1459 In a mouse model of thigh muscle pouches, zein-S20 and zein-HACC-S20 groups resulted in obvious bone formation and gave more extensive mineralization to the implants than silica free groups, indicating effective bone induction in vivo. 25260421 0 80 theme bone 9:12 arg1 regeneration 21:32 bone tissue regeneration 9:32 bone tissue regeneration 9:32 Enhanced bone tissue regeneration by antibacterial and osteoinductive silica-HACC-zein composite scaffolds loaded with rhBMP-2. 25260421 9 81 theme bone 1664:1667 arg1 defects 1669:1675 critical-sized radius bone defects 1642:1675 critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter) 1642:1714 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 9 81 theme bone 1664:1667 arg1 mm 1681:1682 20 mm 1678:1682 20 mm in length 1678:1692 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 9 81 theme bone 1664:1667 arg1 mm 1700:1701 5 mm 1698:1701 5 mm in diameter 1698:1713 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 9 82 from mm 1700:1701 arg1 length 1687:1692 length 1687:1692 length 1687:1692 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 9 82 from mm 1700:1701 arg1 diameter 1706:1713 diameter 1706:1713 diameter 1706:1713 In a rabbit model of critical-sized radius bone defects (20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter), the bone defects were almost fully repaired and bone marrow cavity recanalization was detectable by 3D micro-CT technique and histological analysis after 12 weeks. 25260421 12 83 contain have 2143:2146 arg1 scaffolds 2061:2069 Silica/HACC/zein scaffolds 2044:2069 Silica/HACC/zein scaffolds with both antibacterial activity and the ability to induce osteogenesis 2044:2141 Silica/HACC/zein scaffolds with both antibacterial activity and the ability to induce osteogenesis have immense potential in orthopedics and other biomedical applications. 25260421 12 83 contain have 2143:2146 arg2 potential 2156:2164 immense potential 2148:2164 immense potential 2148:2164 Silica/HACC/zein scaffolds with both antibacterial activity and the ability to induce osteogenesis have immense potential in orthopedics and other biomedical applications. 25260421 7 84 theme significant 1261:1271 arg1 differentiation 1290:1304 significant early osteogenic differentiation 1261:1304 significant early osteogenic differentiation by generating enhanced ALP product on day 14 1261:1349 An ALP activity and ECM mineralization assay showed that the zein-HACC-S20 scaffolds exhibited significant early osteogenic differentiation by generating enhanced ALP product on day 14 and ECM mineralization on day 21. 25260421 2 85 theme anti-infective 493:506 arg1 scaffold 518:525 an anti-infective composite scaffold 490:525 an anti-infective composite scaffold for delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects 490:614 In the present study, biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure were synthesized, and SBA-15 nanoparticles and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) were incorporated into the scaffolds to produce an anti-infective composite scaffold for delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects. 25260421 8 86 theme obvious 1473:1479 arg1 formation 1486:1494 obvious bone formation 1473:1494 obvious bone formation 1473:1494 In a mouse model of thigh muscle pouches, zein-S20 and zein-HACC-S20 groups resulted in obvious bone formation and gave more extensive mineralization to the implants than silica free groups, indicating effective bone induction in vivo. 25260421 0 87 theme antibacterial 37:49 arg1 scaffolds 97:105 antibacterial and osteoinductive silica-HACC-zein composite scaffolds 37:105 antibacterial and osteoinductive silica-HACC-zein composite scaffolds loaded with rhBMP-2 37:125 Enhanced bone tissue regeneration by antibacterial and osteoinductive silica-HACC-zein composite scaffolds loaded with rhBMP-2. 25260421 2 88 theme osteogenic 543:552 arg1 factors 554:560 osteogenic factors 543:560 osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects 543:614 In the present study, biodegradable rhBMP-2 loaded zein-based scaffolds with a macroporous structure were synthesized, and SBA-15 nanoparticles and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) were incorporated into the scaffolds to produce an anti-infective composite scaffold for delivery of osteogenic factors that facilitate the functional repair of bone defects. 25260421 0 89 theme osteoinductive 55:68 arg1 scaffolds 97:105 antibacterial and osteoinductive silica-HACC-zein composite scaffolds 37:105 antibacterial and osteoinductive silica-HACC-zein composite scaffolds loaded with rhBMP-2 37:125 Enhanced bone tissue regeneration by antibacterial and osteoinductive silica-HACC-zein composite scaffolds loaded with rhBMP-2. 25260421 6 90 dep μg 1066:1067 arg1 ca. 1059:1061 ca. 1059:1061 ca. 1059:1061 At a low dosage of rhBMP-2 (ca. 80 μg), the scaffolds released rhBMP-2 protein efficiently at a relatively slow rate, even after 27 d. 25260421 8 91 theme extensive 1510:1518 arg1 mineralization 1520:1533 more extensive mineralization 1505:1533 more extensive mineralization 1505:1533 In a mouse model of thigh muscle pouches, zein-S20 and zein-HACC-S20 groups resulted in obvious bone formation and gave more extensive mineralization to the implants than silica free groups, indicating effective bone induction in vivo. 25260421 7 92 theme osteogenic 1279:1288 arg1 differentiation 1290:1304 significant early osteogenic differentiation 1261:1304 significant early osteogenic differentiation by generating enhanced ALP product on day 14 1261:1349 An ALP activity and ECM mineralization assay showed that the zein-HACC-S20 scaffolds exhibited significant early osteogenic differentiation by generating enhanced ALP product on day 14 and ECM mineralization on day 21. 28857021 6 0 dep P. 883:884 arg1 coralliicola 886:897 coralliicola 886:897 coralliicola 886:897 DNA-DNA relatedness values between the novel strain and P. coralliicola DSM 45821T, P. endophytica DSM 46655T and P. marina DSM 45268T were 28 , 19 and 23 %, respectively. 28857021 5 1 theme sequence 563:570 arg1 analysis 584:591 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis 549:591 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis 549:591 The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis indicated that RIPIT represents a member of the genus Prauserella, with high phylogenetic similarity to Prauserella coralliicola SCSIO 11529T (97.5 %), Prauserella endophytica SP28S-3T (97.5 %) and Prauserella marina MS498T (97.2 %). 28857021 4 2 theme 3-5  462:465 arg1 % 466:466 optimum 3-5 % 454:466 optimum 3-5 % 454:466 The strain grew with 0-12.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3-5 %), at 25-55 °C (optimum 45 °C) and at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0). 28857021 4 2 theme 3-5  462:465 arg1 NaCl 448:451 0-12.5 % (w/v) NaCl 433:451 0-12.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3-5 %) 433:467 The strain grew with 0-12.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3-5 %), at 25-55 °C (optimum 45 °C) and at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0). 28857021 2 3 theme actinobacterial 187:201 arg1 RIPIT 211:215 RIPIT 211:215 RIPIT 211:215 A crude-oil-degrading, Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain, RIPIT, was isolated from a soil sample collected from an oil-contaminated mud pit in Khangiran oil and gas field, in the north-east of Iran. 28857021 2 3 theme actinobacterial 187:201 arg1 strain 203:208 A crude-oil-degrading, Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain 144:208 A crude-oil-degrading, Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain 144:208 A crude-oil-degrading, Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain, RIPIT, was isolated from a soil sample collected from an oil-contaminated mud pit in Khangiran oil and gas field, in the north-east of Iran. 28857021 4 4 theme optimum 517:523 arg1 pH 525:526 optimum pH 7.0 517:530 optimum pH 7.0 517:530 The strain grew with 0-12.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3-5 %), at 25-55 °C (optimum 45 °C) and at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0). 28857021 4 4 theme optimum 517:523 arg1 pH 505:506 pH 6.0-9.5 505:514 pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0) 505:531 The strain grew with 0-12.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3-5 %), at 25-55 °C (optimum 45 °C) and at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0). 28857021 10 5 theme DNA 1491:1493 arg1 % 1505:1505 69 mol% 1499:1505 69 mol% 1499:1505 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69 mol%. 28857021 10 5 theme DNA 1491:1493 arg1 content 1468:1474 The G+C content 1460:1474 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1460:1493 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69 mol%. 28857021 5 6 theme comparative 572:582 arg1 analysis 584:591 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis 549:591 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis 549:591 The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis indicated that RIPIT represents a member of the genus Prauserella, with high phylogenetic similarity to Prauserella coralliicola SCSIO 11529T (97.5 %), Prauserella endophytica SP28S-3T (97.5 %) and Prauserella marina MS498T (97.2 %). 28857021 6 7 theme DSM 899:901 arg1 45821T 903:908 P. coralliicola DSM 45821T 883:908 P. coralliicola DSM 45821T 883:908 DNA-DNA relatedness values between the novel strain and P. coralliicola DSM 45821T, P. endophytica DSM 46655T and P. marina DSM 45268T were 28 , 19 and 23 %, respectively. 28857021 5 8 theme Prauserella 647:657 arg1 member 627:632 a member 625:632 a member of the genus Prauserella 625:657 The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis indicated that RIPIT represents a member of the genus Prauserella, with high phylogenetic similarity to Prauserella coralliicola SCSIO 11529T (97.5 %), Prauserella endophytica SP28S-3T (97.5 %) and Prauserella marina MS498T (97.2 %). 28857021 5 9 theme analysis 584:591 arg1 results 538:544 The results 534:544 The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis 534:591 The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis indicated that RIPIT represents a member of the genus Prauserella, with high phylogenetic similarity to Prauserella coralliicola SCSIO 11529T (97.5 %), Prauserella endophytica SP28S-3T (97.5 %) and Prauserella marina MS498T (97.2 %). 28857021 2 10 theme gas 314:316 arg1 field 318:322 gas field 314:322 gas field 314:322 A crude-oil-degrading, Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain, RIPIT, was isolated from a soil sample collected from an oil-contaminated mud pit in Khangiran oil and gas field, in the north-east of Iran. 28857021 11 11 dep data 1545:1548 arg1 basis 1515:1519 basis 1515:1519 basis 1515:1519 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic data we propose that RIPIT represents a novel species of the genus Prauserella, for which the name Prauserella oleivorans sp. 28857021 11 11 dep data 1545:1548 arg1 the 1511:1513 the 1511:1513 the 1511:1513 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic data we propose that RIPIT represents a novel species of the genus Prauserella, for which the name Prauserella oleivorans sp. 28857021 7 12 theme diamino 1078:1084 arg1 galactose 1121:1129 galactose 1121:1129 galactose 1121:1129 The cell wall peptidoglycan of RIPIT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and the whole-cell sugars are galactose and arabinose. 28857021 7 12 theme diamino 1078:1084 arg1 sugars 1110:1115 the whole-cell sugars 1095:1115 the whole-cell sugars 1095:1115 The cell wall peptidoglycan of RIPIT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and the whole-cell sugars are galactose and arabinose. 28857021 7 12 theme diamino 1078:1084 arg1 acid 1086:1089 the diamino acid 1074:1089 the diamino acid 1074:1089 The cell wall peptidoglycan of RIPIT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and the whole-cell sugars are galactose and arabinose. 28857021 4 13 theme optimum 454:460 arg1 % 466:466 optimum 3-5 % 454:466 optimum 3-5 % 454:466 The strain grew with 0-12.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3-5 %), at 25-55 °C (optimum 45 °C) and at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0). 28857021 4 13 theme optimum 454:460 arg1 NaCl 448:451 0-12.5 % (w/v) NaCl 433:451 0-12.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3-5 %) 433:467 The strain grew with 0-12.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3-5 %), at 25-55 °C (optimum 45 °C) and at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0). 28857021 1 14 theme thermotolerant 50:63 arg1 actinobacterium 85:99 a halophilic and thermotolerant crude-oil-degrading actinobacterium 33:99 a halophilic and thermotolerant crude-oil-degrading actinobacterium 33:99 nov., a halophilic and thermotolerant crude-oil-degrading actinobacterium isolated from an oil-contaminated mud pit. 28857021 1 14 theme thermotolerant 50:63 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., a halophilic and thermotolerant crude-oil-degrading actinobacterium isolated from an oil-contaminated mud pit. 28857021 6 15 theme P. 883:884 arg1 45821T 903:908 P. coralliicola DSM 45821T 883:908 P. coralliicola DSM 45821T 883:908 DNA-DNA relatedness values between the novel strain and P. coralliicola DSM 45821T, P. endophytica DSM 46655T and P. marina DSM 45268T were 28 , 19 and 23 %, respectively. 28857021 2 16 theme Iran 346:349 arg1 north-east 332:341 north-east 332:341 north-east 332:341 A crude-oil-degrading, Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain, RIPIT, was isolated from a soil sample collected from an oil-contaminated mud pit in Khangiran oil and gas field, in the north-east of Iran. 28857021 13 17 theme type 1693:1696 arg1 strain 1698:1703 The type strain 1689:1703 The type strain of Prauserellaoleivorans 1689:1728 The type strain of Prauserellaoleivorans is RIPIT (=IBRC-M 10906T=LMG 28389T). 28857021 13 17 theme type 1693:1696 arg1 RIPIT 1733:1737 RIPIT 1733:1737 RIPIT (=IBRC-M 10906T=LMG 28389T) 1733:1765 The type strain of Prauserellaoleivorans is RIPIT (=IBRC-M 10906T=LMG 28389T). 28857021 1 18 theme crude-oil-degrading 65:83 arg1 actinobacterium 85:99 a halophilic and thermotolerant crude-oil-degrading actinobacterium 33:99 a halophilic and thermotolerant crude-oil-degrading actinobacterium 33:99 nov., a halophilic and thermotolerant crude-oil-degrading actinobacterium isolated from an oil-contaminated mud pit. 28857021 1 18 theme crude-oil-degrading 65:83 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., a halophilic and thermotolerant crude-oil-degrading actinobacterium isolated from an oil-contaminated mud pit. 28857021 6 19 theme 28  967:969 arg1 % 982:982 28 , 19 and 23 % 967:982 % 982:982 DNA-DNA relatedness values between the novel strain and P. coralliicola DSM 45821T, P. endophytica DSM 46655T and P. marina DSM 45268T were 28 , 19 and 23 %, respectively. 28857021 5 20 theme high 665:668 arg1 similarity 683:692 high phylogenetic similarity 665:692 high phylogenetic similarity to Prauserella coralliicola SCSIO 11529T (97.5 %), Prauserella endophytica SP28S-3T (97.5 %) and Prauserella marina MS498T (97.2 %) 665:824 The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis indicated that RIPIT represents a member of the genus Prauserella, with high phylogenetic similarity to Prauserella coralliicola SCSIO 11529T (97.5 %), Prauserella endophytica SP28S-3T (97.5 %) and Prauserella marina MS498T (97.2 %). 28857021 5 21 theme 16S 549:551 arg1 rRNA 553:556 16S rRNA 549:556 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis 549:591 The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis indicated that RIPIT represents a member of the genus Prauserella, with high phylogenetic similarity to Prauserella coralliicola SCSIO 11529T (97.5 %), Prauserella endophytica SP28S-3T (97.5 %) and Prauserella marina MS498T (97.2 %). 28857021 13 22 theme =IBRC-M 1740:1746 arg1 28389T 1759:1764 =IBRC-M 10906T=LMG 28389T 1740:1764 =IBRC-M 10906T=LMG 28389T 1740:1764 The type strain of Prauserellaoleivorans is RIPIT (=IBRC-M 10906T=LMG 28389T). 28857021 13 22 theme =IBRC-M 1740:1746 arg1 RIPIT 1733:1737 RIPIT 1733:1737 RIPIT (=IBRC-M 10906T=LMG 28389T) 1733:1765 The type strain of Prauserellaoleivorans is RIPIT (=IBRC-M 10906T=LMG 28389T). 28857021 6 23 dep P. 941:942 arg1 marina 944:949 marina 944:949 marina 944:949 DNA-DNA relatedness values between the novel strain and P. coralliicola DSM 45821T, P. endophytica DSM 46655T and P. marina DSM 45268T were 28 , 19 and 23 %, respectively. 28857021 9 24 theme cellular 1287:1294 arg1 acids 1302:1306 Its cellular fatty acids 1283:1306 Its cellular fatty acids pattern 1283:1314 Its cellular fatty acids pattern consisted of C17 : 1ω6c, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), and the major respiratory quinone was MK-9(H4). 28857021 2 25 theme crude-oil-degrading 146:164 arg1 RIPIT 211:215 RIPIT 211:215 RIPIT 211:215 A crude-oil-degrading, Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain, RIPIT, was isolated from a soil sample collected from an oil-contaminated mud pit in Khangiran oil and gas field, in the north-east of Iran. 28857021 2 25 theme crude-oil-degrading 146:164 arg1 strain 203:208 A crude-oil-degrading, Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain 144:208 A crude-oil-degrading, Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain 144:208 A crude-oil-degrading, Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain, RIPIT, was isolated from a soil sample collected from an oil-contaminated mud pit in Khangiran oil and gas field, in the north-east of Iran. 28857021 5 26 theme rRNA 553:556 arg1 analysis 584:591 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis 549:591 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis 549:591 The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis indicated that RIPIT represents a member of the genus Prauserella, with high phylogenetic similarity to Prauserella coralliicola SCSIO 11529T (97.5 %), Prauserella endophytica SP28S-3T (97.5 %) and Prauserella marina MS498T (97.2 %). 28857021 13 27 theme 10906T=LMG 1748:1757 arg1 28389T 1759:1764 =IBRC-M 10906T=LMG 28389T 1740:1764 =IBRC-M 10906T=LMG 28389T 1740:1764 The type strain of Prauserellaoleivorans is RIPIT (=IBRC-M 10906T=LMG 28389T). 28857021 13 27 theme 10906T=LMG 1748:1757 arg1 RIPIT 1733:1737 RIPIT 1733:1737 RIPIT (=IBRC-M 10906T=LMG 28389T) 1733:1765 The type strain of Prauserellaoleivorans is RIPIT (=IBRC-M 10906T=LMG 28389T). 28857021 9 28 theme major 1420:1424 arg1 MK-9 1450:1453 MK-9 1450:1453 MK-9 1450:1453 Its cellular fatty acids pattern consisted of C17 : 1ω6c, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), and the major respiratory quinone was MK-9(H4). 28857021 9 28 theme major 1420:1424 arg1 quinone 1438:1444 the major respiratory quinone 1416:1444 the major respiratory quinone 1416:1444 Its cellular fatty acids pattern consisted of C17 : 1ω6c, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), and the major respiratory quinone was MK-9(H4). 28857021 7 29 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1046:1064 arg1 acid 1066:1069 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1046:1069 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1046:1069 The cell wall peptidoglycan of RIPIT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and the whole-cell sugars are galactose and arabinose. 28857021 11 30 theme Prauserella 1612:1622 arg1 species 1591:1597 a novel species 1583:1597 a novel species 1583:1597 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic data we propose that RIPIT represents a novel species of the genus Prauserella, for which the name Prauserella oleivorans sp. 28857021 5 31 theme gene 558:561 arg1 analysis 584:591 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis 549:591 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis 549:591 The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis indicated that RIPIT represents a member of the genus Prauserella, with high phylogenetic similarity to Prauserella coralliicola SCSIO 11529T (97.5 %), Prauserella endophytica SP28S-3T (97.5 %) and Prauserella marina MS498T (97.2 %). 28857021 9 32 theme respiratory 1426:1436 arg1 MK-9 1450:1453 MK-9 1450:1453 MK-9 1450:1453 Its cellular fatty acids pattern consisted of C17 : 1ω6c, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), and the major respiratory quinone was MK-9(H4). 28857021 9 32 theme respiratory 1426:1436 arg1 quinone 1438:1444 the major respiratory quinone 1416:1444 the major respiratory quinone 1416:1444 Its cellular fatty acids pattern consisted of C17 : 1ω6c, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), and the major respiratory quinone was MK-9(H4). 28857021 2 33 attach isolated 222:229 arg2 strain 203:208 A crude-oil-degrading, Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain 144:208 A crude-oil-degrading, Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain 144:208 A crude-oil-degrading, Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain, RIPIT, was isolated from a soil sample collected from an oil-contaminated mud pit in Khangiran oil and gas field, in the north-east of Iran. 28857021 2 33 attach isolated 222:229 arg1 sample 243:248 a soil sample 236:248 a soil sample collected from an oil-contaminated mud pit in Khangiran oil and gas field 236:322 A crude-oil-degrading, Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain, RIPIT, was isolated from a soil sample collected from an oil-contaminated mud pit in Khangiran oil and gas field, in the north-east of Iran. 28857021 2 33 attach isolated 222:229 arg2 RIPIT 211:215 RIPIT 211:215 RIPIT 211:215 A crude-oil-degrading, Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain, RIPIT, was isolated from a soil sample collected from an oil-contaminated mud pit in Khangiran oil and gas field, in the north-east of Iran. 28857021 2 34 dep crude-oil-degrading 146:164 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 167:185 Gram-stain-positive 167:185 Gram-stain-positive 167:185 A crude-oil-degrading, Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain, RIPIT, was isolated from a soil sample collected from an oil-contaminated mud pit in Khangiran oil and gas field, in the north-east of Iran. 28857021 11 35 theme polyphasic 1524:1533 arg1 data 1545:1548 polyphasic taxonomic data 1524:1548 polyphasic taxonomic data 1524:1548 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic data we propose that RIPIT represents a novel species of the genus Prauserella, for which the name Prauserella oleivorans sp. 28857021 7 36 contain contained 1036:1044 arg2 acid 1066:1069 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1046:1069 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1046:1069 The cell wall peptidoglycan of RIPIT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and the whole-cell sugars are galactose and arabinose. 28857021 7 36 contain contained 1036:1044 arg1 peptidoglycan 1013:1025 The cell wall peptidoglycan 999:1025 The cell wall peptidoglycan of RIPIT 999:1034 The cell wall peptidoglycan of RIPIT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and the whole-cell sugars are galactose and arabinose. 28857021 11 37 theme novel 1585:1589 arg1 species 1591:1597 a novel species 1583:1597 a novel species 1583:1597 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic data we propose that RIPIT represents a novel species of the genus Prauserella, for which the name Prauserella oleivorans sp. 28857021 9 38 theme summed 1357:1362 arg1 feature 1364:1370 summed feature 3 1357:1372 summed feature 3 1357:1372 Its cellular fatty acids pattern consisted of C17 : 1ω6c, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), and the major respiratory quinone was MK-9(H4). 28857021 7 39 theme RIPIT 1030:1034 arg1 peptidoglycan 1013:1025 The cell wall peptidoglycan 999:1025 The cell wall peptidoglycan of RIPIT 999:1034 The cell wall peptidoglycan of RIPIT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and the whole-cell sugars are galactose and arabinose. 28857021 6 40 theme novel 866:870 arg1 strain 872:877 the novel strain 862:877 the novel strain 862:877 DNA-DNA relatedness values between the novel strain and P. coralliicola DSM 45821T, P. endophytica DSM 46655T and P. marina DSM 45268T were 28 , 19 and 23 %, respectively. 28857021 2 41 theme Khangiran 296:304 arg1 oil 306:308 Khangiran oil 296:308 Khangiran oil 296:308 A crude-oil-degrading, Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain, RIPIT, was isolated from a soil sample collected from an oil-contaminated mud pit in Khangiran oil and gas field, in the north-east of Iran. 28857021 4 42 theme w/v 443:445 arg1 % 466:466 optimum 3-5 % 454:466 optimum 3-5 % 454:466 The strain grew with 0-12.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3-5 %), at 25-55 °C (optimum 45 °C) and at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0). 28857021 4 42 theme w/v 443:445 arg1 NaCl 448:451 0-12.5 % (w/v) NaCl 433:451 0-12.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3-5 %) 433:467 The strain grew with 0-12.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3-5 %), at 25-55 °C (optimum 45 °C) and at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0). 28857021 1 43 theme oil-contaminated 118:133 arg1 pit 139:141 an oil-contaminated mud pit 115:141 an oil-contaminated mud pit 115:141 nov., a halophilic and thermotolerant crude-oil-degrading actinobacterium isolated from an oil-contaminated mud pit. 28857021 2 44 from pit 289:291 arg1 oil 306:308 Khangiran oil 296:308 Khangiran oil 296:308 A crude-oil-degrading, Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain, RIPIT, was isolated from a soil sample collected from an oil-contaminated mud pit in Khangiran oil and gas field, in the north-east of Iran. 28857021 2 44 from pit 289:291 arg1 field 318:322 gas field 314:322 gas field 314:322 A crude-oil-degrading, Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain, RIPIT, was isolated from a soil sample collected from an oil-contaminated mud pit in Khangiran oil and gas field, in the north-east of Iran. 28857021 6 45 theme P. 941:942 arg1 45268T 955:960 P. marina DSM 45268T 941:960 P. marina DSM 45268T 941:960 DNA-DNA relatedness values between the novel strain and P. coralliicola DSM 45821T, P. endophytica DSM 46655T and P. marina DSM 45268T were 28 , 19 and 23 %, respectively. 28857021 7 46 theme wall 1008:1011 arg1 peptidoglycan 1013:1025 The cell wall peptidoglycan 999:1025 The cell wall peptidoglycan of RIPIT 999:1034 The cell wall peptidoglycan of RIPIT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and the whole-cell sugars are galactose and arabinose. 28857021 11 47 theme genus 1606:1610 arg1 Prauserella 1612:1622 the genus Prauserella 1602:1622 the genus Prauserella 1602:1622 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic data we propose that RIPIT represents a novel species of the genus Prauserella, for which the name Prauserella oleivorans sp. 28857021 10 48 theme 69 mol 1499:1504 arg1 % 1505:1505 69 mol% 1499:1505 69 mol% 1499:1505 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69 mol%. 28857021 10 48 theme 69 mol 1499:1504 arg1 content 1468:1474 The G+C content 1460:1474 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1460:1493 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69 mol%. 28857021 6 49 theme DSM 951:953 arg1 45268T 955:960 P. marina DSM 45268T 941:960 P. marina DSM 45268T 941:960 DNA-DNA relatedness values between the novel strain and P. coralliicola DSM 45821T, P. endophytica DSM 46655T and P. marina DSM 45268T were 28 , 19 and 23 %, respectively. 28857021 8 50 theme polar 1150:1154 arg1 pattern 1163:1169 The polar lipids pattern 1146:1169 The polar lipids pattern 1146:1169 The polar lipids pattern contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown phospholipids. 28857021 10 51 theme G+C 1464:1466 arg1 % 1505:1505 69 mol% 1499:1505 69 mol% 1499:1505 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69 mol%. 28857021 10 51 theme G+C 1464:1466 arg1 content 1468:1474 The G+C content 1460:1474 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1460:1493 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69 mol%. 28857021 4 52 theme optimum 483:489 arg1 45 °C 491:495 optimum 45 °C 483:495 optimum 45 °C 483:495 The strain grew with 0-12.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3-5 %), at 25-55 °C (optimum 45 °C) and at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0). 28857021 4 52 theme optimum 483:489 arg1 25-55 °C 473:480 25-55 °C 473:480 25-55 °C (optimum 45 °C) 473:496 The strain grew with 0-12.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3-5 %), at 25-55 °C (optimum 45 °C) and at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0). 28857021 5 53 theme genus 641:645 arg1 Prauserella 647:657 the genus Prauserella 637:657 the genus Prauserella 637:657 The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis indicated that RIPIT represents a member of the genus Prauserella, with high phylogenetic similarity to Prauserella coralliicola SCSIO 11529T (97.5 %), Prauserella endophytica SP28S-3T (97.5 %) and Prauserella marina MS498T (97.2 %). 28857021 9 54 theme fatty 1296:1300 arg1 acids 1302:1306 Its cellular fatty acids 1283:1306 Its cellular fatty acids pattern 1283:1314 Its cellular fatty acids pattern consisted of C17 : 1ω6c, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), and the major respiratory quinone was MK-9(H4). 28857021 11 55 theme name 1639:1642 arg1 Prauserella 1644:1654 the name Prauserella 1635:1654 the name Prauserella 1635:1654 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic data we propose that RIPIT represents a novel species of the genus Prauserella, for which the name Prauserella oleivorans sp. 28857021 8 56 contain contained 1171:1179 arg2 phosphatidylinositol 1231:1250 phosphatidylinositol 1231:1250 phosphatidylinositol 1231:1250 The polar lipids pattern contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown phospholipids. 28857021 8 56 contain contained 1171:1179 arg2 phospholipids 1268:1280 two unknown phospholipids 1256:1280 two unknown phospholipids 1256:1280 The polar lipids pattern contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown phospholipids. 28857021 8 56 contain contained 1171:1179 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 1207:1228 diphosphatidylglycerol 1207:1228 diphosphatidylglycerol 1207:1228 The polar lipids pattern contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown phospholipids. 28857021 8 56 contain contained 1171:1179 arg2 phosphatidylethanolamine 1181:1204 phosphatidylethanolamine 1181:1204 phosphatidylethanolamine 1181:1204 The polar lipids pattern contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown phospholipids. 28857021 8 56 contain contained 1171:1179 arg1 pattern 1163:1169 The polar lipids pattern 1146:1169 The polar lipids pattern 1146:1169 The polar lipids pattern contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown phospholipids. 28857021 1 57 theme mud 135:137 arg1 pit 139:141 an oil-contaminated mud pit 115:141 an oil-contaminated mud pit 115:141 nov., a halophilic and thermotolerant crude-oil-degrading actinobacterium isolated from an oil-contaminated mud pit. 28857021 7 58 theme cell 1003:1006 arg1 peptidoglycan 1013:1025 The cell wall peptidoglycan 999:1025 The cell wall peptidoglycan of RIPIT 999:1034 The cell wall peptidoglycan of RIPIT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and the whole-cell sugars are galactose and arabinose. 28857021 6 59 theme relatedness 835:845 arg1 values 847:852 DNA-DNA relatedness values 827:852 DNA-DNA relatedness values between the novel strain and P. coralliicola DSM 45821T, P. endophytica DSM 46655T and P. marina DSM 45268T 827:960 DNA-DNA relatedness values between the novel strain and P. coralliicola DSM 45821T, P. endophytica DSM 46655T and P. marina DSM 45268T were 28 , 19 and 23 %, respectively. 28857021 9 60 dep C16  1375:1378 arg1  1ω7c 1380:1384  1ω7c 1380:1384  1ω7c 1380:1384 Its cellular fatty acids pattern consisted of C17 : 1ω6c, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), and the major respiratory quinone was MK-9(H4). 28857021 9 60 dep C16  1375:1378 arg1 iso-C15  1393:1400 iso-C15  1393:1400 iso-C15  1393:1400 Its cellular fatty acids pattern consisted of C17 : 1ω6c, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), and the major respiratory quinone was MK-9(H4). 28857021 9 60 dep C16  1375:1378 arg1 2-OH 1405:1408  0 2-OH 1402:1408  0 2-OH 1402:1408 Its cellular fatty acids pattern consisted of C17 : 1ω6c, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), and the major respiratory quinone was MK-9(H4). 28857021 9 61 dep  1ω6c 1334:1338 arg1  0 1350:1351  0 1350:1351  0 1350:1351 Its cellular fatty acids pattern consisted of C17 : 1ω6c, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), and the major respiratory quinone was MK-9(H4). 28857021 9 61 dep  1ω6c 1334:1338 arg1 feature 1364:1370 summed feature 3 1357:1372 summed feature 3 1357:1372 Its cellular fatty acids pattern consisted of C17 : 1ω6c, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), and the major respiratory quinone was MK-9(H4). 28857021 9 61 dep  1ω6c 1334:1338 arg1 C16  1375:1378 C16  1375:1378 C16  1375:1378 Its cellular fatty acids pattern consisted of C17 : 1ω6c, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), and the major respiratory quinone was MK-9(H4). 28857021 2 62 theme soil 238:241 arg1 sample 243:248 a soil sample 236:248 a soil sample collected from an oil-contaminated mud pit in Khangiran oil and gas field 236:322 A crude-oil-degrading, Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain, RIPIT, was isolated from a soil sample collected from an oil-contaminated mud pit in Khangiran oil and gas field, in the north-east of Iran. 28857021 9 63 dep C17  1329:1332 arg1 iso-C16  1341:1348 iso-C16  1341:1348 iso-C16  1341:1348 Its cellular fatty acids pattern consisted of C17 : 1ω6c, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), and the major respiratory quinone was MK-9(H4). 28857021 9 63 dep C17  1329:1332 arg1  1ω6c 1334:1338  1ω6c 1334:1338  1ω6c 1334:1338 Its cellular fatty acids pattern consisted of C17 : 1ω6c, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), and the major respiratory quinone was MK-9(H4). 28857021 8 64 theme lipids 1156:1161 arg1 pattern 1163:1169 The polar lipids pattern 1146:1169 The polar lipids pattern 1146:1169 The polar lipids pattern contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown phospholipids. 28857021 13 65 theme Prauserellaoleivorans 1708:1728 arg1 strain 1698:1703 The type strain 1689:1703 The type strain of Prauserellaoleivorans 1689:1728 The type strain of Prauserellaoleivorans is RIPIT (=IBRC-M 10906T=LMG 28389T). 28857021 13 65 theme Prauserellaoleivorans 1708:1728 arg1 RIPIT 1733:1737 RIPIT 1733:1737 RIPIT (=IBRC-M 10906T=LMG 28389T) 1733:1765 The type strain of Prauserellaoleivorans is RIPIT (=IBRC-M 10906T=LMG 28389T). 28857021 6 66 theme DNA-DNA 827:833 arg1 values 847:852 DNA-DNA relatedness values 827:852 DNA-DNA relatedness values between the novel strain and P. coralliicola DSM 45821T, P. endophytica DSM 46655T and P. marina DSM 45268T 827:960 DNA-DNA relatedness values between the novel strain and P. coralliicola DSM 45821T, P. endophytica DSM 46655T and P. marina DSM 45268T were 28 , 19 and 23 %, respectively. 28857021 9 67 theme acids 1302:1306 arg1 pattern 1308:1314 Its cellular fatty acids pattern 1283:1314 Its cellular fatty acids pattern 1283:1314 Its cellular fatty acids pattern consisted of C17 : 1ω6c, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), and the major respiratory quinone was MK-9(H4). 28857021 6 68 theme DSM 926:928 arg1 46655T 930:935 P. endophytica DSM 46655T 911:935 P. endophytica DSM 46655T 911:935 DNA-DNA relatedness values between the novel strain and P. coralliicola DSM 45821T, P. endophytica DSM 46655T and P. marina DSM 45268T were 28 , 19 and 23 %, respectively. 28857021 8 69 theme unknown 1260:1266 arg1 phospholipids 1268:1280 two unknown phospholipids 1256:1280 two unknown phospholipids 1256:1280 The polar lipids pattern contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown phospholipids. 28857021 4 70 theme % 440:440 arg1 % 466:466 optimum 3-5 % 454:466 optimum 3-5 % 454:466 The strain grew with 0-12.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3-5 %), at 25-55 °C (optimum 45 °C) and at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0). 28857021 4 70 theme % 440:440 arg1 NaCl 448:451 0-12.5 % (w/v) NaCl 433:451 0-12.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3-5 %) 433:467 The strain grew with 0-12.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3-5 %), at 25-55 °C (optimum 45 °C) and at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0). 28857021 2 71 theme mud 285:287 arg1 pit 289:291 an oil-contaminated mud pit 265:291 an oil-contaminated mud pit in Khangiran oil and gas field 265:322 A crude-oil-degrading, Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain, RIPIT, was isolated from a soil sample collected from an oil-contaminated mud pit in Khangiran oil and gas field, in the north-east of Iran. 28857021 5 72 theme phylogenetic 670:681 arg1 similarity 683:692 high phylogenetic similarity 665:692 high phylogenetic similarity to Prauserella coralliicola SCSIO 11529T (97.5 %), Prauserella endophytica SP28S-3T (97.5 %) and Prauserella marina MS498T (97.2 %) 665:824 The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis indicated that RIPIT represents a member of the genus Prauserella, with high phylogenetic similarity to Prauserella coralliicola SCSIO 11529T (97.5 %), Prauserella endophytica SP28S-3T (97.5 %) and Prauserella marina MS498T (97.2 %). 28857021 11 73 theme taxonomic 1535:1543 arg1 data 1545:1548 polyphasic taxonomic data 1524:1548 polyphasic taxonomic data 1524:1548 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic data we propose that RIPIT represents a novel species of the genus Prauserella, for which the name Prauserella oleivorans sp. 28857021 2 74 theme oil-contaminated 268:283 arg1 pit 289:291 an oil-contaminated mud pit 265:291 an oil-contaminated mud pit in Khangiran oil and gas field 265:322 A crude-oil-degrading, Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain, RIPIT, was isolated from a soil sample collected from an oil-contaminated mud pit in Khangiran oil and gas field, in the north-east of Iran. 28857021 6 75 theme 23  979:981 arg1 % 982:982 28 , 19 and 23 % 967:982 % 982:982 DNA-DNA relatedness values between the novel strain and P. coralliicola DSM 45821T, P. endophytica DSM 46655T and P. marina DSM 45268T were 28 , 19 and 23 %, respectively. 28857021 10 76 theme genomic 1483:1489 arg1 DNA 1491:1493 the genomic DNA 1479:1493 the genomic DNA 1479:1493 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69 mol%. 28857021 6 77 theme P. 911:912 arg1 46655T 930:935 P. endophytica DSM 46655T 911:935 P. endophytica DSM 46655T 911:935 DNA-DNA relatedness values between the novel strain and P. coralliicola DSM 45821T, P. endophytica DSM 46655T and P. marina DSM 45268T were 28 , 19 and 23 %, respectively. 28857021 7 78 theme whole-cell 1099:1108 arg1 galactose 1121:1129 galactose 1121:1129 galactose 1121:1129 The cell wall peptidoglycan of RIPIT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and the whole-cell sugars are galactose and arabinose. 28857021 7 78 theme whole-cell 1099:1108 arg1 sugars 1110:1115 the whole-cell sugars 1095:1115 the whole-cell sugars 1095:1115 The cell wall peptidoglycan of RIPIT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and the whole-cell sugars are galactose and arabinose. 28857021 7 78 theme whole-cell 1099:1108 arg1 acid 1086:1089 the diamino acid 1074:1089 the diamino acid 1074:1089 The cell wall peptidoglycan of RIPIT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and the whole-cell sugars are galactose and arabinose. 28857021 1 79 theme halophilic 35:44 arg1 actinobacterium 85:99 a halophilic and thermotolerant crude-oil-degrading actinobacterium 33:99 a halophilic and thermotolerant crude-oil-degrading actinobacterium 33:99 nov., a halophilic and thermotolerant crude-oil-degrading actinobacterium isolated from an oil-contaminated mud pit. 28857021 1 79 theme halophilic 35:44 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., a halophilic and thermotolerant crude-oil-degrading actinobacterium isolated from an oil-contaminated mud pit. 28857021 6 80 dep P. 911:912 arg1 endophytica 914:924 endophytica 914:924 endophytica 914:924 DNA-DNA relatedness values between the novel strain and P. coralliicola DSM 45821T, P. endophytica DSM 46655T and P. marina DSM 45268T were 28 , 19 and 23 %, respectively. 25404482 18 0 theme characteristics 1756:1770 arg1 basis 1724:1728 the basis 1720:1728 the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics 1720:1770 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 9 1 theme temperature 1109:1119 arg1 range 1121:1125 the temperature range 1105:1125 the temperature range of 50-65 °C 1105:1137 The bacterium grew in the temperature range of 50-65 °C and in media with pH 7.5 to 9.0. 25404482 16 2 from acid 1591:1594 arg1 wall 1608:1611 the cell wall 1599:1611 the cell wall 1599:1611 The diamino acid in the cell wall was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25404482 2 3 theme agar-degrading 132:145 arg1 bacterium 147:155 A thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium 116:155 bacterium 147:155 A thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium, strain FAB2(T), was isolated from sewage sludge compost. 25404482 2 3 theme agar-degrading 132:145 arg1 FAB2 165:168 strain FAB2 158:168 strain FAB2(T) 158:171 A thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium, strain FAB2(T), was isolated from sewage sludge compost. 25404482 17 4 from % 1690:1690 arg1 study 1710:1714 a nucleic acid study 1695:1714 a nucleic acid study 1695:1714 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.5 mol% in a nucleic acid study. 25404482 18 5 theme suitable 1847:1854 arg1 characteristics 1831:1845 characteristics 1831:1845 characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp 1831:2022 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 9 6 theme °C 1136:1137 arg1 range 1121:1125 the temperature range 1105:1125 the temperature range of 50-65 °C 1105:1137 The bacterium grew in the temperature range of 50-65 °C and in media with pH 7.5 to 9.0. 25404482 7 7 used utilized 992:999 arg2 nitrite 955:961 nitrite 955:961 nitrite 955:961 Ammonium was required as a nitrogen source while nitrate, nitrite, urea and glutamate were not utilized. 25404482 7 7 used utilized 992:999 arg2 nitrate 946:952 nitrate 946:952 nitrate 946:952 Ammonium was required as a nitrogen source while nitrate, nitrite, urea and glutamate were not utilized. 25404482 7 7 used utilized 992:999 arg2 glutamate 973:981 glutamate 973:981 glutamate 973:981 Ammonium was required as a nitrogen source while nitrate, nitrite, urea and glutamate were not utilized. 25404482 7 7 used utilized 992:999 arg2 urea 964:967 urea 964:967 urea 964:967 Ammonium was required as a nitrogen source while nitrate, nitrite, urea and glutamate were not utilized. 25404482 5 8 theme related 514:520 arg1 organisms 522:530 related organisms 514:530 related organisms 514:530 The percentages of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with related organisms were 90.4 % for Thermobacillus xylanilyticus, 91.8 % for Paenibacillus barengoltzii, 89.4 % for Cohnella lupini, 90.1 % for Fontibacillus aquaticus, and 89.0 % for Saccharibacillus sacchari. 25404482 18 9 theme T 1804:1804 arg1 33130 1814:1818  = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130 1789:1818  = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T) 1789:1821 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 18 9 theme T 1804:1804 arg1 FAB2 1780:1783 strain FAB2 1773:1783 strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) 1773:1822 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 18 9 theme T 1804:1804 arg1 T 1820:1820 T 1820:1820 T 1820:1820 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 18 10 from genus 1922:1926 arg1 Paenibacillaceae 1942:1957 the family Paenibacillaceae 1931:1957 the family Paenibacillaceae 1931:1957 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 16 11 theme diamino 1583:1589 arg1 acid 1637:1640 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1617:1640 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1617:1640 The diamino acid in the cell wall was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25404482 16 11 theme diamino 1583:1589 arg1 acid 1591:1594 The diamino acid 1579:1594 The diamino acid in the cell wall 1579:1611 The diamino acid in the cell wall was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25404482 2 12 theme sludge 199:204 arg1 compost 206:212 sewage sludge compost 192:212 sewage sludge compost 192:212 A thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium, strain FAB2(T), was isolated from sewage sludge compost. 25404482 18 13 theme  = 1806:1807 arg1 33130 1814:1818  = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130 1789:1818  = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T) 1789:1821 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 18 13 theme  = 1806:1807 arg1 FAB2 1780:1783 strain FAB2 1773:1783 strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) 1773:1822 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 18 13 theme  = 1806:1807 arg1 T 1820:1820 T 1820:1820 T 1820:1820 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 18 14 theme gen. 2010:2013 arg1 sp 2021:2022 sp 2021:2022 sp 2021:2022 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 18 14 theme gen. 2010:2013 arg1 nov. 2015:2018 gen. nov. 2010:2018 gen. nov. 2010:2018 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 5 15 theme gene 484:487 arg1 similarity 498:507 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:507 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with related organisms 475:530 The percentages of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with related organisms were 90.4 % for Thermobacillus xylanilyticus, 91.8 % for Paenibacillus barengoltzii, 89.4 % for Cohnella lupini, 90.1 % for Fontibacillus aquaticus, and 89.0 % for Saccharibacillus sacchari. 25404482 6 16 theme oval 859:862 arg1 endospores 864:873 oval endospores 859:873 oval endospores 859:873 Morphological and physiological analyses revealed that the strain was motile, rod-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and able to form oval endospores in swollen sporangia. 25404482 3 17 theme rRNA 263:266 arg1 sequences 273:281 16S rRNA gene sequences 259:281 16S rRNA gene sequences 259:281 According to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain FAB2(T) belonged to the family Paenibacillaceae within the phylum Firmicutes. 25404482 18 18 from Paenibacillaceae 1942:1957 arg1 species 1905:1911 a novel species 1897:1911 a novel species 1897:1911 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 16 19 theme cell 1603:1606 arg1 wall 1608:1611 the cell wall 1599:1611 the cell wall 1599:1611 The diamino acid in the cell wall was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25404482 18 20 theme genus 1922:1926 arg1 species 1905:1911 a novel species 1897:1911 a novel species 1897:1911 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 3 21 theme strain 284:289 arg1 T 296:296 T 296:296 T 296:296 According to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain FAB2(T) belonged to the family Paenibacillaceae within the phylum Firmicutes. 25404482 3 21 theme strain 284:289 arg1 FAB2 291:294 strain FAB2 284:294 strain FAB2(T) 284:297 According to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain FAB2(T) belonged to the family Paenibacillaceae within the phylum Firmicutes. 25404482 14 22 theme Dominant 1423:1430 arg1 lipids 1438:1443 Dominant polar lipids 1423:1443 Dominant polar lipids 1423:1443 Dominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 25404482 4 23 theme related 439:445 arg1 species 447:453 closely related species 431:453 closely related species 431:453 However, FAB2(T) was different enough at the genus level from closely related species. 25404482 13 24 theme Major 1375:1379 arg1 acids 1387:1391 Major fatty acids 1375:1391 Major fatty acids 1375:1391 Major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25404482 15 25 located present 1549:1555 arg1 amount 1571:1576 a moderate amount 1560:1576 a moderate amount 1560:1576 Phosphatidylcholine was present in a moderate amount. 25404482 15 25 located present 1549:1555 arg2 Phosphatidylcholine 1525:1543 Phosphatidylcholine 1525:1543 Phosphatidylcholine 1525:1543 Phosphatidylcholine was present in a moderate amount. 25404482 5 26 theme similarity 498:507 arg1 percentages 460:470 The percentages 456:470 The percentages of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with related organisms 456:530 The percentages of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with related organisms were 90.4 % for Thermobacillus xylanilyticus, 91.8 % for Paenibacillus barengoltzii, 89.4 % for Cohnella lupini, 90.1 % for Fontibacillus aquaticus, and 89.0 % for Saccharibacillus sacchari. 25404482 5 26 theme similarity 498:507 arg1 % 542:542 90.4 % 537:542 90.4 % for Thermobacillus xylanilyticus 537:575 The percentages of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with related organisms were 90.4 % for Thermobacillus xylanilyticus, 91.8 % for Paenibacillus barengoltzii, 89.4 % for Cohnella lupini, 90.1 % for Fontibacillus aquaticus, and 89.0 % for Saccharibacillus sacchari. 25404482 2 27 attach isolated 178:185 arg2 bacterium 147:155 A thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium 116:155 bacterium 147:155 A thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium, strain FAB2(T), was isolated from sewage sludge compost. 25404482 2 27 attach isolated 178:185 arg2 FAB2 165:168 strain FAB2 158:168 strain FAB2(T) 158:171 A thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium, strain FAB2(T), was isolated from sewage sludge compost. 25404482 2 27 attach isolated 178:185 arg1 compost 206:212 sewage sludge compost 192:212 sewage sludge compost 192:212 A thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium, strain FAB2(T), was isolated from sewage sludge compost. 25404482 4 28 theme genus 414:418 arg1 level 420:424 the genus level 410:424 the genus level 410:424 However, FAB2(T) was different enough at the genus level from closely related species. 25404482 10 29 theme Optimal 1172:1178 arg1 growth 1180:1185 Optimal growth 1172:1185 Optimal growth 1172:1185 Optimal growth occurred at 60 °C and pH 8.0-8.6. 25404482 8 30 theme oxidase 1015:1021 arg1 activities 1023:1032 Catalase and oxidase activities 1002:1032 Catalase and oxidase activities 1002:1032 Catalase and oxidase activities were weakly positive and positive, respectively. 25404482 18 31 theme  = 1789:1790 arg1 33130 1814:1818  = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130 1789:1818  = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T) 1789:1821 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 18 31 theme  = 1789:1790 arg1 FAB2 1780:1783 strain FAB2 1773:1783 strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) 1773:1822 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 18 31 theme  = 1789:1790 arg1 T 1820:1820 T 1820:1820 T 1820:1820 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 3 32 theme family 315:320 arg1 Paenibacillaceae 322:337 the family Paenibacillaceae 311:337 the family Paenibacillaceae within the phylum Firmicutes 311:366 According to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain FAB2(T) belonged to the family Paenibacillaceae within the phylum Firmicutes. 25404482 15 33 from present 1549:1555 arg1 amount 1571:1576 a moderate amount 1560:1576 a moderate amount 1560:1576 Phosphatidylcholine was present in a moderate amount. 25404482 0 34 theme gen. 31:34 arg1 sp 42:43 sp 42:43 sp 42:43 Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 0 34 theme gen. 31:34 arg1 nov. 36:39 gen. nov. 31:39 gen. nov. 31:39 Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 9 35 with media 1146:1150 arg1 pH 1157:1158 pH 7.5 to 9.0 1157:1169 pH 7.5 to 9.0 1157:1169 The bacterium grew in the temperature range of 50-65 °C and in media with pH 7.5 to 9.0. 25404482 17 36 theme acid 1705:1708 arg1 study 1710:1714 a nucleic acid study 1695:1714 a nucleic acid study 1695:1714 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.5 mol% in a nucleic acid study. 25404482 18 37 theme type 1882:1885 arg1 strain 1887:1892 the type strain 1878:1892 the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp 1878:2022 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 3 38 theme phylum 350:355 arg1 Firmicutes 357:366 the phylum Firmicutes 346:366 the phylum Firmicutes 346:366 According to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain FAB2(T) belonged to the family Paenibacillaceae within the phylum Firmicutes. 25404482 2 39 theme strain 158:163 arg1 T 170:170 T 170:170 T 170:170 A thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium, strain FAB2(T), was isolated from sewage sludge compost. 25404482 2 39 theme strain 158:163 arg1 bacterium 147:155 A thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium 116:155 bacterium 147:155 A thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium, strain FAB2(T), was isolated from sewage sludge compost. 25404482 2 39 theme strain 158:163 arg1 FAB2 165:168 strain FAB2 158:168 strain FAB2(T) 158:171 A thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium, strain FAB2(T), was isolated from sewage sludge compost. 25404482 15 40 theme moderate 1562:1569 arg1 amount 1571:1576 a moderate amount 1560:1576 a moderate amount 1560:1576 Phosphatidylcholine was present in a moderate amount. 25404482 15 41 from amount 1571:1576 arg1 present 1549:1555 present 1549:1555 present 1549:1555 Phosphatidylcholine was present in a moderate amount. 25404482 12 42 theme dominant 1353:1360 arg1 menaquinone 1362:1372 the dominant menaquinone 1349:1372 the dominant menaquinone 1349:1372 In chemotaxonomic characterization, MK-7 was identified as the dominant menaquinone. 25404482 12 42 theme dominant 1353:1360 arg1 MK-7 1326:1329 MK-7 1326:1329 MK-7 1326:1329 In chemotaxonomic characterization, MK-7 was identified as the dominant menaquinone. 25404482 17 43 theme genomic 1666:1672 arg1 DNA 1674:1676 the genomic DNA 1662:1676 the genomic DNA 1662:1676 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.5 mol% in a nucleic acid study. 25404482 18 44 theme genetic 1733:1739 arg1 characteristics 1756:1770 genetic and phenotypic characteristics 1733:1770 genetic and phenotypic characteristics 1733:1770 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 18 45 theme novel 1899:1903 arg1 species 1905:1911 a novel species 1897:1911 a novel species 1897:1911 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 9 46 dep pH 1157:1158 arg1 to 1164:1165 to 1164:1165 to 1164:1165 The bacterium grew in the temperature range of 50-65 °C and in media with pH 7.5 to 9.0. 25404482 11 47 theme ≥2.5 1276:1279 arg1 % 1281:1281 % 1281:1281 % 1281:1281 Growth was inhibited at pH≤7.0 and NaCl concentrations ≥2.5 % (w/v). 25404482 11 48 theme NaCl 1256:1259 arg1 concentrations 1261:1274 pH≤7.0 and NaCl concentrations 1245:1274 pH≤7.0 and NaCl concentrations ≥2.5 % (w/v) 1245:1287 Growth was inhibited at pH≤7.0 and NaCl concentrations ≥2.5 % (w/v). 25404482 4 49 from species 447:453 arg1 different 390:398 different 390:398 different 390:398 However, FAB2(T) was different enough at the genus level from closely related species. 25404482 5 50 theme Paenibacillus 589:601 arg1 barengoltzii 603:614 Paenibacillus barengoltzii 589:614 Paenibacillus barengoltzii 589:614 The percentages of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with related organisms were 90.4 % for Thermobacillus xylanilyticus, 91.8 % for Paenibacillus barengoltzii, 89.4 % for Cohnella lupini, 90.1 % for Fontibacillus aquaticus, and 89.0 % for Saccharibacillus sacchari. 25404482 6 51 theme physiological 741:753 arg1 analyses 755:762 Morphological and physiological analyses 723:762 Morphological and physiological analyses 723:762 Morphological and physiological analyses revealed that the strain was motile, rod-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and able to form oval endospores in swollen sporangia. 25404482 18 52 theme phenotypic 1745:1754 arg1 characteristics 1756:1770 genetic and phenotypic characteristics 1733:1770 genetic and phenotypic characteristics 1733:1770 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 12 53 theme chemotaxonomic 1293:1306 arg1 characterization 1308:1323 chemotaxonomic characterization 1293:1323 chemotaxonomic characterization 1293:1323 In chemotaxonomic characterization, MK-7 was identified as the dominant menaquinone. 25404482 4 54 from level 420:424 arg1 different 390:398 different 390:398 different 390:398 However, FAB2(T) was different enough at the genus level from closely related species. 25404482 6 55 theme Morphological 723:735 arg1 analyses 755:762 Morphological and physiological analyses 723:762 Morphological and physiological analyses 723:762 Morphological and physiological analyses revealed that the strain was motile, rod-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and able to form oval endospores in swollen sporangia. 25404482 15 56 attach present 1549:1555 arg1 amount 1571:1576 a moderate amount 1560:1576 a moderate amount 1560:1576 Phosphatidylcholine was present in a moderate amount. 25404482 15 56 attach present 1549:1555 arg2 Phosphatidylcholine 1525:1543 Phosphatidylcholine 1525:1543 Phosphatidylcholine 1525:1543 Phosphatidylcholine was present in a moderate amount. 25404482 3 57 theme phylogenetic 228:239 arg1 analysis 241:248 phylogenetic analysis 228:248 phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 228:281 According to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain FAB2(T) belonged to the family Paenibacillaceae within the phylum Firmicutes. 25404482 18 58 theme name 1974:1977 arg1 Ammoniibacillus 1979:1993 the name Ammoniibacillus 1970:1993 the name Ammoniibacillus 1970:1993 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 17 59 theme G+C 1647:1649 arg1 % 1690:1690 49.5 mol% 1682:1690 49.5 mol% 1682:1690 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.5 mol% in a nucleic acid study. 25404482 17 59 theme G+C 1647:1649 arg1 content 1651:1657 The G+C content 1643:1657 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1643:1676 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.5 mol% in a nucleic acid study. 25404482 5 60 with similarity 498:507 arg1 organisms 522:530 related organisms 514:530 related organisms 514:530 The percentages of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with related organisms were 90.4 % for Thermobacillus xylanilyticus, 91.8 % for Paenibacillus barengoltzii, 89.4 % for Cohnella lupini, 90.1 % for Fontibacillus aquaticus, and 89.0 % for Saccharibacillus sacchari. 25404482 3 61 theme 16S 259:261 arg1 sequences 273:281 16S rRNA gene sequences 259:281 16S rRNA gene sequences 259:281 According to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain FAB2(T) belonged to the family Paenibacillaceae within the phylum Firmicutes. 25404482 11 62 theme pH≤7.0 1245:1250 arg1 concentrations 1261:1274 pH≤7.0 and NaCl concentrations 1245:1274 pH≤7.0 and NaCl concentrations ≥2.5 % (w/v) 1245:1287 Growth was inhibited at pH≤7.0 and NaCl concentrations ≥2.5 % (w/v). 25404482 6 63 theme swollen 878:884 arg1 sporangia 886:894 swollen sporangia 878:894 swollen sporangia 878:894 Morphological and physiological analyses revealed that the strain was motile, rod-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and able to form oval endospores in swollen sporangia. 25404482 11 64 dep % 1281:1281 arg1 w/v 1284:1286 w/v 1284:1286 w/v 1284:1286 Growth was inhibited at pH≤7.0 and NaCl concentrations ≥2.5 % (w/v). 25404482 2 65 theme sewage 192:197 arg1 compost 206:212 sewage sludge compost 192:212 sewage sludge compost 192:212 A thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium, strain FAB2(T), was isolated from sewage sludge compost. 25404482 5 66 theme rRNA 479:482 arg1 similarity 498:507 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:507 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with related organisms 475:530 The percentages of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with related organisms were 90.4 % for Thermobacillus xylanilyticus, 91.8 % for Paenibacillus barengoltzii, 89.4 % for Cohnella lupini, 90.1 % for Fontibacillus aquaticus, and 89.0 % for Saccharibacillus sacchari. 25404482 18 67 theme 109510 1797:1802 arg1 33130 1814:1818  = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130 1789:1818  = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T) 1789:1821 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 18 67 theme 109510 1797:1802 arg1 FAB2 1780:1783 strain FAB2 1773:1783 strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) 1773:1822 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 18 67 theme 109510 1797:1802 arg1 T 1820:1820 T 1820:1820 T 1820:1820 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 5 68 theme sequence 489:496 arg1 similarity 498:507 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:507 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with related organisms 475:530 The percentages of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with related organisms were 90.4 % for Thermobacillus xylanilyticus, 91.8 % for Paenibacillus barengoltzii, 89.4 % for Cohnella lupini, 90.1 % for Fontibacillus aquaticus, and 89.0 % for Saccharibacillus sacchari. 25404482 3 69 theme gene 268:271 arg1 sequences 273:281 16S rRNA gene sequences 259:281 16S rRNA gene sequences 259:281 According to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain FAB2(T) belonged to the family Paenibacillaceae within the phylum Firmicutes. 25404482 7 70 theme nitrogen 924:931 arg1 Ammonium 897:904 Ammonium 897:904 Ammonium 897:904 Ammonium was required as a nitrogen source while nitrate, nitrite, urea and glutamate were not utilized. 25404482 7 70 theme nitrogen 924:931 arg1 source 933:938 a nitrogen source 922:938 a nitrogen source 922:938 Ammonium was required as a nitrogen source while nitrate, nitrite, urea and glutamate were not utilized. 25404482 18 71 theme new 1918:1920 arg1 genus 1922:1926 a new genus 1916:1926 a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae 1916:1957 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 14 72 theme polar 1432:1436 arg1 lipids 1438:1443 Dominant polar lipids 1423:1443 Dominant polar lipids 1423:1443 Dominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 25404482 18 73 theme KCTC 1809:1812 arg1 33130 1814:1818  = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130 1789:1818  = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T) 1789:1821 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 18 73 theme KCTC 1809:1812 arg1 FAB2 1780:1783 strain FAB2 1773:1783 strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) 1773:1822 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 18 73 theme KCTC 1809:1812 arg1 T 1820:1820 T 1820:1820 T 1820:1820 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 18 74 theme family 1935:1940 arg1 Paenibacillaceae 1942:1957 the family Paenibacillaceae 1931:1957 the family Paenibacillaceae 1931:1957 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 1 75 theme thermophilic 54:65 arg1 bacterium 83:91 a thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium 52:91 bacterium 83:91 nov., a thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium isolated from compost. 25404482 1 75 theme thermophilic 54:65 arg1 nov. 46:49 nov. 46:49 nov. 46:49 nov., a thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium isolated from compost. 25404482 13 76 theme fatty 1381:1385 arg1 acids 1387:1391 Major fatty acids 1375:1391 Major fatty acids 1375:1391 Major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25404482 18 77 theme NBRC 1792:1795 arg1 33130 1814:1818  = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130 1789:1818  = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T) 1789:1821 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 18 77 theme NBRC 1792:1795 arg1 FAB2 1780:1783 strain FAB2 1773:1783 strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) 1773:1822 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 18 77 theme NBRC 1792:1795 arg1 T 1820:1820 T 1820:1820 T 1820:1820 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 1 78 theme agar-degrading 68:81 arg1 bacterium 83:91 a thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium 52:91 bacterium 83:91 nov., a thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium isolated from compost. 25404482 1 78 theme agar-degrading 68:81 arg1 nov. 46:49 nov. 46:49 nov. 46:49 nov., a thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium isolated from compost. 25404482 8 79 theme Catalase 1002:1009 arg1 activities 1023:1032 Catalase and oxidase activities 1002:1032 Catalase and oxidase activities 1002:1032 Catalase and oxidase activities were weakly positive and positive, respectively. 25404482 17 80 theme nucleic 1697:1703 arg1 study 1710:1714 a nucleic acid study 1695:1714 a nucleic acid study 1695:1714 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.5 mol% in a nucleic acid study. 25404482 18 81 from species 1905:1911 arg1 Paenibacillaceae 1942:1957 the family Paenibacillaceae 1931:1957 the family Paenibacillaceae 1931:1957 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 18 82 theme species 1905:1911 arg1 strain 1887:1892 the type strain 1878:1892 the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp 1878:2022 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 17 83 theme DNA 1674:1676 arg1 % 1690:1690 49.5 mol% 1682:1690 49.5 mol% 1682:1690 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.5 mol% in a nucleic acid study. 25404482 17 83 theme DNA 1674:1676 arg1 content 1651:1657 The G+C content 1643:1657 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1643:1676 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.5 mol% in a nucleic acid study. 25404482 5 84 theme 16S 475:477 arg1 similarity 498:507 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:507 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with related organisms 475:530 The percentages of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with related organisms were 90.4 % for Thermobacillus xylanilyticus, 91.8 % for Paenibacillus barengoltzii, 89.4 % for Cohnella lupini, 90.1 % for Fontibacillus aquaticus, and 89.0 % for Saccharibacillus sacchari. 25404482 17 85 theme 49.5 1682:1685 arg1 mol 1687:1689 mol 1687:1689 mol 1687:1689 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.5 mol% in a nucleic acid study. 25404482 11 86 theme % 1281:1281 arg1 concentrations 1261:1274 pH≤7.0 and NaCl concentrations 1245:1274 pH≤7.0 and NaCl concentrations ≥2.5 % (w/v) 1245:1287 Growth was inhibited at pH≤7.0 and NaCl concentrations ≥2.5 % (w/v). 25404482 2 87 theme thermophilic 118:129 arg1 bacterium 147:155 A thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium 116:155 bacterium 147:155 A thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium, strain FAB2(T), was isolated from sewage sludge compost. 25404482 2 87 theme thermophilic 118:129 arg1 FAB2 165:168 strain FAB2 158:168 strain FAB2(T) 158:171 A thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium, strain FAB2(T), was isolated from sewage sludge compost. 25404482 18 88 theme strain 1773:1778 arg1 T 1785:1785 T 1785:1785 T 1785:1785 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 18 88 theme strain 1773:1778 arg1 33130 1814:1818  = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130 1789:1818  = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T) 1789:1821 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 18 88 theme strain 1773:1778 arg1 FAB2 1780:1783 strain FAB2 1773:1783 strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) 1773:1822 On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. 25404482 16 89 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1617:1635 arg1 acid 1637:1640 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1617:1640 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1617:1640 The diamino acid in the cell wall was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25404482 16 89 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1617:1635 arg1 acid 1591:1594 The diamino acid 1579:1594 The diamino acid in the cell wall 1579:1611 The diamino acid in the cell wall was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27956366 14 0 theme scaffolds 2632:2640 arg1 potential 2613:2621 the substantial therapeutic potential 2585:2621 the substantial therapeutic potential 2585:2621 We clearly demonstrate the substantial therapeutic potential of these scaffolds, which not only preserved heart functions but also alleviated MI damage, even after the formation of a mature scar tissue. 27956366 6 1 theme mesenchymal 1162:1172 arg1 cells 1179:1183 mesenchymal stem cells 1162:1183 mesenchymal stem cells 1162:1183 We demonstrate that these new biohybrid materials are naturally remodeled by mesenchymal stem cells, while supporting high viabilities and affecting cell morphology and organization. 27956366 4 2 theme mechanical 632:641 arg1 strength 643:650 limited mechanical strength 624:650 limited mechanical strength 624:650 Nonetheless, natural biomaterial-based gels may suffer from limited mechanical strength, which often fail to provide the long-term support required by the heart for contraction and relaxation. 27956366 14 3 theme therapeutic 2601:2611 arg1 potential 2613:2621 the substantial therapeutic potential 2585:2621 the substantial therapeutic potential 2585:2621 We clearly demonstrate the substantial therapeutic potential of these scaffolds, which not only preserved heart functions but also alleviated MI damage, even after the formation of a mature scar tissue. 27956366 11 4 theme cardiac 1999:2005 arg1 matrix 2021:2026 porcine cardiac extracellular matrix 1991:2026 porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) 1991:2032 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. 27956366 11 4 theme cardiac 1999:2005 arg1 ECM 2029:2031 ECM 2029:2031 ECM 2029:2031 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. 27956366 0 5 theme Biohybrid 0:8 arg1 hydrogels 28:36 Biohybrid cardiac ECM-based hydrogels 0:36 Biohybrid cardiac ECM-based hydrogels 0:36 Biohybrid cardiac ECM-based hydrogels improve long term cardiac function post myocardial infarction. 27956366 1 6 theme progressive 195:205 arg1 failure 213:219 progressive heart failure 195:219 progressive heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI) 195:256 Injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration are a promising therapeutic approach for progressive heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). 27956366 6 7 theme cell 1234:1237 arg1 morphology 1239:1248 cell morphology 1234:1248 cell morphology 1234:1248 We demonstrate that these new biohybrid materials are naturally remodeled by mesenchymal stem cells, while supporting high viabilities and affecting cell morphology and organization. 27956366 12 8 theme mechanical 2232:2241 arg1 strength 2243:2250 its limited mechanical strength 2220:2250 its limited mechanical strength 2220:2250 The design of such scaffolds aims at leveraging the natural bioactivity and unique structure of cardiac ECM, while overcoming its limited mechanical strength, which may fail to provide the long-term support required for heart contraction and relaxation. 27956366 13 9 theme cardiac 2464:2470 arg1 function 2472:2479 cardiac function 2464:2479 cardiac function 2464:2479 Here, we present a biocompatible gel-platform with custom-tailored mechanical properties that significantly improve cardiac function when injected into rat hearts following acute and chronic myocardial infarction. 27956366 12 10 theme ECM 2198:2200 arg1 bioactivity 2154:2164 natural bioactivity 2146:2164 natural bioactivity 2146:2164 The design of such scaffolds aims at leveraging the natural bioactivity and unique structure of cardiac ECM, while overcoming its limited mechanical strength, which may fail to provide the long-term support required for heart contraction and relaxation. 27956366 12 10 theme ECM 2198:2200 arg1 structure 2177:2185 unique structure 2170:2185 unique structure 2170:2185 The design of such scaffolds aims at leveraging the natural bioactivity and unique structure of cardiac ECM, while overcoming its limited mechanical strength, which may fail to provide the long-term support required for heart contraction and relaxation. 27956366 13 11 theme chronic 2531:2537 arg1 infarction 2550:2559 acute and chronic myocardial infarction 2521:2559 acute and chronic myocardial infarction 2521:2559 Here, we present a biocompatible gel-platform with custom-tailored mechanical properties that significantly improve cardiac function when injected into rat hearts following acute and chronic myocardial infarction. 27956366 1 12 theme myocardial 231:240 arg1 MI 254:255 MI 254:255 MI 254:255 Injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration are a promising therapeutic approach for progressive heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). 27956366 1 12 theme myocardial 231:240 arg1 infarction 242:251 myocardial infarction 231:251 myocardial infarction (MI) 231:256 Injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration are a promising therapeutic approach for progressive heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). 27956366 1 13 theme tissue 134:139 arg1 regeneration 141:152 cardiac tissue regeneration 126:152 cardiac tissue regeneration 126:152 Injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration are a promising therapeutic approach for progressive heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). 27956366 14 14 theme mature 2745:2750 arg1 scar 2752:2755 a mature scar 2743:2755 a mature scar tissue 2743:2762 We clearly demonstrate the substantial therapeutic potential of these scaffolds, which not only preserved heart functions but also alleviated MI damage, even after the formation of a mature scar tissue. 27956366 12 15 theme unique 2170:2175 arg1 structure 2177:2185 unique structure 2170:2185 unique structure 2170:2185 The design of such scaffolds aims at leveraging the natural bioactivity and unique structure of cardiac ECM, while overcoming its limited mechanical strength, which may fail to provide the long-term support required for heart contraction and relaxation. 27956366 11 16 theme injectable 1908:1917 arg1 scaffolds 1919:1927 new injectable scaffolds 1904:1927 new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan 1904:2091 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. 27956366 11 16 theme injectable 1908:1917 arg1 genipin 2071:2077 genipin 2071:2077 genipin 2071:2077 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. 27956366 11 16 theme injectable 1908:1917 arg1 chitosan 2084:2091 chitosan 2084:2091 chitosan 2084:2091 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. 27956366 11 17 theme natural 2049:2055 arg1 biomaterials 2057:2068 natural biomaterials 2049:2068 natural biomaterials 2049:2068 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. 27956366 5 18 theme chitosan 974:981 arg1 chitosan 974:981 chitosan 974:981 chitosan 974:981 Here we present newly-developed injectable scaffolds, which are based on solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity. 27956366 5 18 theme chitosan 974:981 arg1 amounts 963:969 different amounts 953:969 different amounts of chitosan 953:981 Here we present newly-developed injectable scaffolds, which are based on solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity. 27956366 8 19 theme long 1384:1387 arg1 term 1389:1392 long term 1384:1392 long term 1384:1392 Most importantly, their application in treating acute and long term chronic MI in rat models clearly demonstrates the significant therapeutic potential of these gels in the long-term (12weeks post MI). 27956366 10 20 theme ECM-based 1819:1827 arg1 platform 1829:1836 the ECM-based platform 1815:1836 the ECM-based platform 1815:1836 Infiltration of progenitor cells into the gels highlights the possible biological remodeling properties of the ECM-based platform. 27956366 13 21 theme biocompatible 2367:2379 arg1 gel-platform 2381:2392 a biocompatible gel-platform 2365:2392 a biocompatible gel-platform with custom-tailored mechanical properties that significantly improve cardiac function when injected into rat hearts following acute and chronic myocardial infarction 2365:2559 Here, we present a biocompatible gel-platform with custom-tailored mechanical properties that significantly improve cardiac function when injected into rat hearts following acute and chronic myocardial infarction. 27956366 8 22 theme chronic 1394:1400 arg1 MI 1402:1403 chronic MI 1394:1403 chronic MI 1394:1403 Most importantly, their application in treating acute and long term chronic MI in rat models clearly demonstrates the significant therapeutic potential of these gels in the long-term (12weeks post MI). 27956366 13 23 theme custom-tailored 2399:2413 arg1 properties 2426:2435 custom-tailored mechanical properties 2399:2435 custom-tailored mechanical properties that significantly improve cardiac function when injected into rat hearts following acute and chronic myocardial infarction 2399:2559 Here, we present a biocompatible gel-platform with custom-tailored mechanical properties that significantly improve cardiac function when injected into rat hearts following acute and chronic myocardial infarction. 27956366 2 24 theme major 265:269 arg1 advantage 271:279 Their major advantage 259:279 Their major advantage 259:279 Their major advantage lies in their delivery modality that is considered minimally invasive due to their direct injection into the myocardium. 27956366 1 25 theme promising 160:168 arg1 scaffolds 112:120 Injectable scaffolds 101:120 Injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration 101:152 Injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration are a promising therapeutic approach for progressive heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). 27956366 1 25 theme promising 160:168 arg1 approach 182:189 a promising therapeutic approach 158:189 a promising therapeutic approach for progressive heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI) 158:256 Injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration are a promising therapeutic approach for progressive heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). 27956366 12 26 dep bioactivity 2154:2164 arg1 the 2142:2144 the 2142:2144 the 2142:2144 The design of such scaffolds aims at leveraging the natural bioactivity and unique structure of cardiac ECM, while overcoming its limited mechanical strength, which may fail to provide the long-term support required for heart contraction and relaxation. 27956366 0 27 theme myocardial 78:87 arg1 infarction 89:98 myocardial infarction 78:98 myocardial infarction 78:98 Biohybrid cardiac ECM-based hydrogels improve long term cardiac function post myocardial infarction. 27956366 9 28 dep preservation 1565:1576 arg1 weeks 1626:1630 eight weeks 1620:1630 eight weeks post treatment 1620:1645 The pcECM-based gels enable not only preservation, but also improvement in cardiac function eight weeks post treatment, as measured using echocardiography as well as hemodynamics. 27956366 11 29 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1852:1863 arg1 STATEMENT 1839:1847 STATEMENT 1839:1847 STATEMENT 1839:1847 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. 27956366 7 30 theme in 1289:1290 arg1 immunogenicity 1310:1323 neither in vitro nor in vivo immunogenicity 1281:1323 neither in vitro nor in vivo immunogenicity 1281:1323 They exhibit neither in vitro nor in vivo immunogenicity. 27956366 10 31 theme cells 1735:1739 arg1 Infiltration 1708:1719 Infiltration 1708:1719 Infiltration of progenitor cells into the gels 1708:1753 Infiltration of progenitor cells into the gels highlights the possible biological remodeling properties of the ECM-based platform. 27956366 5 32 theme injectable 789:798 arg1 scaffolds 800:808 newly-developed injectable scaffolds 773:808 newly-developed injectable scaffolds 773:808 Here we present newly-developed injectable scaffolds, which are based on solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity. 27956366 13 33 with gel-platform 2381:2392 arg1 properties 2426:2435 custom-tailored mechanical properties 2399:2435 custom-tailored mechanical properties that significantly improve cardiac function when injected into rat hearts following acute and chronic myocardial infarction 2399:2559 Here, we present a biocompatible gel-platform with custom-tailored mechanical properties that significantly improve cardiac function when injected into rat hearts following acute and chronic myocardial infarction. 27956366 8 34 theme significant 1444:1454 arg1 potential 1468:1476 the significant therapeutic potential 1440:1476 the significant therapeutic potential of these gels 1440:1490 Most importantly, their application in treating acute and long term chronic MI in rat models clearly demonstrates the significant therapeutic potential of these gels in the long-term (12weeks post MI). 27956366 3 35 theme cardiac 458:464 arg1 tissue 466:471 the cardiac tissue 454:471 the cardiac tissue in terms of composition, structure, mechanical support, and most importantly, bioactivity 454:561 Biomaterials comprising such scaffolds should mimic the cardiac tissue in terms of composition, structure, mechanical support, and most importantly, bioactivity. 27956366 5 36 theme cardiac 865:871 arg1 pcECM 895:899 pcECM 895:899 pcECM 895:899 Here we present newly-developed injectable scaffolds, which are based on solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity. 27956366 5 36 theme cardiac 865:871 arg1 matrix 887:892 solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix 830:892 solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity 830:1082 Here we present newly-developed injectable scaffolds, which are based on solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity. 27956366 1 37 theme Injectable 101:110 arg1 scaffolds 112:120 Injectable scaffolds 101:120 Injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration 101:152 Injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration are a promising therapeutic approach for progressive heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). 27956366 1 37 theme Injectable 101:110 arg1 approach 182:189 a promising therapeutic approach 158:189 a promising therapeutic approach for progressive heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI) 158:256 Injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration are a promising therapeutic approach for progressive heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). 27956366 4 38 theme natural 577:583 arg1 gels 603:606 natural biomaterial-based gels 577:606 natural biomaterial-based gels 577:606 Nonetheless, natural biomaterial-based gels may suffer from limited mechanical strength, which often fail to provide the long-term support required by the heart for contraction and relaxation. 27956366 0 39 theme ECM-based 18:26 arg1 hydrogels 28:36 Biohybrid cardiac ECM-based hydrogels 0:36 Biohybrid cardiac ECM-based hydrogels 0:36 Biohybrid cardiac ECM-based hydrogels improve long term cardiac function post myocardial infarction. 27956366 3 40 theme bioactivity 551:561 arg1 terms 476:480 terms 476:480 terms of composition, structure, mechanical support, and most importantly, bioactivity 476:561 Biomaterials comprising such scaffolds should mimic the cardiac tissue in terms of composition, structure, mechanical support, and most importantly, bioactivity. 27956366 6 41 theme new 1111:1113 arg1 materials 1125:1133 these new biohybrid materials 1105:1133 these new biohybrid materials 1105:1133 We demonstrate that these new biohybrid materials are naturally remodeled by mesenchymal stem cells, while supporting high viabilities and affecting cell morphology and organization. 27956366 7 42 dep in 1302:1303 arg1 vivo 1305:1308 vivo 1305:1308 vivo 1305:1308 They exhibit neither in vitro nor in vivo immunogenicity. 27956366 0 43 dep term 51:54 arg1 long 46:49 long 46:49 long 46:49 Biohybrid cardiac ECM-based hydrogels improve long term cardiac function post myocardial infarction. 27956366 2 44 theme direct 364:369 arg1 injection 371:379 their direct injection 358:379 their direct injection into the myocardium 358:399 Their major advantage lies in their delivery modality that is considered minimally invasive due to their direct injection into the myocardium. 27956366 5 45 theme decellularized 842:855 arg1 pcECM 895:899 pcECM 895:899 pcECM 895:899 Here we present newly-developed injectable scaffolds, which are based on solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity. 27956366 5 45 theme decellularized 842:855 arg1 matrix 887:892 solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix 830:892 solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity 830:1082 Here we present newly-developed injectable scaffolds, which are based on solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity. 27956366 13 46 theme acute 2521:2525 arg1 infarction 2550:2559 acute and chronic myocardial infarction 2521:2559 acute and chronic myocardial infarction 2521:2559 Here, we present a biocompatible gel-platform with custom-tailored mechanical properties that significantly improve cardiac function when injected into rat hearts following acute and chronic myocardial infarction. 27956366 10 47 theme possible 1770:1777 arg1 properties 1801:1810 the possible biological remodeling properties 1766:1810 the possible biological remodeling properties of the ECM-based platform 1766:1836 Infiltration of progenitor cells into the gels highlights the possible biological remodeling properties of the ECM-based platform. 27956366 10 48 theme platform 1829:1836 arg1 properties 1801:1810 the possible biological remodeling properties 1766:1810 the possible biological remodeling properties of the ECM-based platform 1766:1836 Infiltration of progenitor cells into the gels highlights the possible biological remodeling properties of the ECM-based platform. 27956366 3 49 from tissue 466:471 arg1 terms 476:480 terms 476:480 terms of composition, structure, mechanical support, and most importantly, bioactivity 476:561 Biomaterials comprising such scaffolds should mimic the cardiac tissue in terms of composition, structure, mechanical support, and most importantly, bioactivity. 27956366 11 50 theme solubilized 1979:1989 arg1 matrix 2021:2026 porcine cardiac extracellular matrix 1991:2026 porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) 1991:2032 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. 27956366 11 50 theme solubilized 1979:1989 arg1 ECM 2029:2031 ECM 2029:2031 ECM 2029:2031 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. 27956366 5 51 theme solubilized 830:840 arg1 pcECM 895:899 pcECM 895:899 pcECM 895:899 Here we present newly-developed injectable scaffolds, which are based on solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity. 27956366 5 51 theme solubilized 830:840 arg1 matrix 887:892 solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix 830:892 solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity 830:1082 Here we present newly-developed injectable scaffolds, which are based on solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity. 27956366 5 52 theme biological 1064:1073 arg1 activity 1075:1082 the ECM biological activity 1056:1082 the ECM biological activity 1056:1082 Here we present newly-developed injectable scaffolds, which are based on solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity. 27956366 6 53 theme stem 1174:1177 arg1 cells 1179:1183 mesenchymal stem cells 1162:1183 mesenchymal stem cells 1162:1183 We demonstrate that these new biohybrid materials are naturally remodeled by mesenchymal stem cells, while supporting high viabilities and affecting cell morphology and organization. 27956366 9 54 from improvement 1588:1598 arg1 function 1611:1618 cardiac function 1603:1618 cardiac function 1603:1618 The pcECM-based gels enable not only preservation, but also improvement in cardiac function eight weeks post treatment, as measured using echocardiography as well as hemodynamics. 27956366 14 55 theme heart 2668:2672 arg1 functions 2674:2682 heart functions 2668:2682 heart functions 2668:2682 We clearly demonstrate the substantial therapeutic potential of these scaffolds, which not only preserved heart functions but also alleviated MI damage, even after the formation of a mature scar tissue. 27956366 5 56 theme different 953:961 arg1 chitosan 974:981 chitosan 974:981 chitosan 974:981 Here we present newly-developed injectable scaffolds, which are based on solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity. 27956366 5 56 theme different 953:961 arg1 amounts 963:969 different amounts 953:969 different amounts of chitosan 953:981 Here we present newly-developed injectable scaffolds, which are based on solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity. 27956366 4 57 theme limited 624:630 arg1 strength 643:650 limited mechanical strength 624:650 limited mechanical strength 624:650 Nonetheless, natural biomaterial-based gels may suffer from limited mechanical strength, which often fail to provide the long-term support required by the heart for contraction and relaxation. 27956366 10 58 theme remodeling 1790:1799 arg1 properties 1801:1810 the possible biological remodeling properties 1766:1810 the possible biological remodeling properties of the ECM-based platform 1766:1836 Infiltration of progenitor cells into the gels highlights the possible biological remodeling properties of the ECM-based platform. 27956366 2 59 theme delivery 295:302 arg1 modality 304:311 their delivery modality 289:311 their delivery modality that is considered minimally invasive due to their direct injection into the myocardium 289:399 Their major advantage lies in their delivery modality that is considered minimally invasive due to their direct injection into the myocardium. 27956366 0 60 theme term 51:54 arg1 function 64:71 long term cardiac function 46:71 long term cardiac function 46:71 Biohybrid cardiac ECM-based hydrogels improve long term cardiac function post myocardial infarction. 27956366 14 61 theme substantial 2589:2599 arg1 potential 2613:2621 the substantial therapeutic potential 2585:2621 the substantial therapeutic potential 2585:2621 We clearly demonstrate the substantial therapeutic potential of these scaffolds, which not only preserved heart functions but also alleviated MI damage, even after the formation of a mature scar tissue. 27956366 9 62 from preservation 1565:1576 arg1 function 1611:1618 cardiac function 1603:1618 cardiac function 1603:1618 The pcECM-based gels enable not only preservation, but also improvement in cardiac function eight weeks post treatment, as measured using echocardiography as well as hemodynamics. 27956366 4 63 theme long-term 685:693 arg1 support 695:701 the long-term support 681:701 the long-term support required by the heart for contraction and relaxation 681:754 Nonetheless, natural biomaterial-based gels may suffer from limited mechanical strength, which often fail to provide the long-term support required by the heart for contraction and relaxation. 27956366 1 64 theme heart 207:211 arg1 failure 213:219 progressive heart failure 195:219 progressive heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI) 195:256 Injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration are a promising therapeutic approach for progressive heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). 27956366 12 65 theme limited 2224:2230 arg1 strength 2243:2250 its limited mechanical strength 2220:2250 its limited mechanical strength 2220:2250 The design of such scaffolds aims at leveraging the natural bioactivity and unique structure of cardiac ECM, while overcoming its limited mechanical strength, which may fail to provide the long-term support required for heart contraction and relaxation. 27956366 11 66 theme new 1904:1906 arg1 scaffolds 1919:1927 new injectable scaffolds 1904:1927 new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan 1904:2091 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. 27956366 11 66 theme new 1904:1906 arg1 genipin 2071:2077 genipin 2071:2077 genipin 2071:2077 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. 27956366 11 66 theme new 1904:1906 arg1 chitosan 2084:2091 chitosan 2084:2091 chitosan 2084:2091 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. 27956366 12 67 theme cardiac 2190:2196 arg1 ECM 2198:2200 cardiac ECM 2190:2200 cardiac ECM 2190:2200 The design of such scaffolds aims at leveraging the natural bioactivity and unique structure of cardiac ECM, while overcoming its limited mechanical strength, which may fail to provide the long-term support required for heart contraction and relaxation. 27956366 13 68 theme mechanical 2415:2424 arg1 properties 2426:2435 custom-tailored mechanical properties 2399:2435 custom-tailored mechanical properties that significantly improve cardiac function when injected into rat hearts following acute and chronic myocardial infarction 2399:2559 Here, we present a biocompatible gel-platform with custom-tailored mechanical properties that significantly improve cardiac function when injected into rat hearts following acute and chronic myocardial infarction. 27956366 14 69 theme scar 2752:2755 arg1 tissue 2757:2762 a mature scar tissue 2743:2762 a mature scar tissue 2743:2762 We clearly demonstrate the substantial therapeutic potential of these scaffolds, which not only preserved heart functions but also alleviated MI damage, even after the formation of a mature scar tissue. 27956366 11 70 theme cardiac 1933:1939 arg1 regeneration 1948:1959 cardiac tissue regeneration 1933:1959 cardiac tissue regeneration 1933:1959 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. 27956366 1 71 theme cardiac 126:132 arg1 regeneration 141:152 cardiac tissue regeneration 126:152 cardiac tissue regeneration 126:152 Injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration are a promising therapeutic approach for progressive heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). 27956366 11 72 theme scaffolds 1919:1927 arg1 development 1889:1899 the development 1885:1899 the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan 1885:2091 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. 27956366 8 73 dep long-term 1499:1507 arg1 12weeks 1510:1516 12weeks 1510:1516 12weeks post MI 1510:1524 Most importantly, their application in treating acute and long term chronic MI in rat models clearly demonstrates the significant therapeutic potential of these gels in the long-term (12weeks post MI). 27956366 9 74 theme cardiac 1603:1609 arg1 function 1611:1618 cardiac function 1603:1618 cardiac function 1603:1618 The pcECM-based gels enable not only preservation, but also improvement in cardiac function eight weeks post treatment, as measured using echocardiography as well as hemodynamics. 27956366 11 75 theme tissue 1941:1946 arg1 regeneration 1948:1959 cardiac tissue regeneration 1933:1959 cardiac tissue regeneration 1933:1959 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. 27956366 7 76 theme in 1302:1303 arg1 immunogenicity 1310:1323 neither in vitro nor in vivo immunogenicity 1281:1323 neither in vitro nor in vivo immunogenicity 1281:1323 They exhibit neither in vitro nor in vivo immunogenicity. 27956366 1 77 theme therapeutic 170:180 arg1 scaffolds 112:120 Injectable scaffolds 101:120 Injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration 101:152 Injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration are a promising therapeutic approach for progressive heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). 27956366 1 77 theme therapeutic 170:180 arg1 approach 182:189 a promising therapeutic approach 158:189 a promising therapeutic approach for progressive heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI) 158:256 Injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration are a promising therapeutic approach for progressive heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). 27956366 12 78 theme natural 2146:2152 arg1 bioactivity 2154:2164 natural bioactivity 2146:2164 natural bioactivity 2146:2164 The design of such scaffolds aims at leveraging the natural bioactivity and unique structure of cardiac ECM, while overcoming its limited mechanical strength, which may fail to provide the long-term support required for heart contraction and relaxation. 27956366 5 79 theme mechanical 1011:1020 arg1 properties 1022:1031 the gel's mechanical properties 1001:1031 the gel's mechanical properties 1001:1031 Here we present newly-developed injectable scaffolds, which are based on solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity. 27956366 14 80 theme MI 2704:2705 arg1 damage 2707:2712 MI damage 2704:2712 MI damage 2704:2712 We clearly demonstrate the substantial therapeutic potential of these scaffolds, which not only preserved heart functions but also alleviated MI damage, even after the formation of a mature scar tissue. 27956366 8 81 theme rat 1408:1410 arg1 models 1412:1417 rat models 1408:1417 rat models 1408:1417 Most importantly, their application in treating acute and long term chronic MI in rat models clearly demonstrates the significant therapeutic potential of these gels in the long-term (12weeks post MI). 27956366 12 82 theme heart 2314:2318 arg1 contraction 2320:2330 heart contraction 2314:2330 heart contraction 2314:2330 The design of such scaffolds aims at leveraging the natural bioactivity and unique structure of cardiac ECM, while overcoming its limited mechanical strength, which may fail to provide the long-term support required for heart contraction and relaxation. 27956366 3 83 theme mechanical 509:518 arg1 support 520:526 mechanical support 509:526 mechanical support 509:526 Biomaterials comprising such scaffolds should mimic the cardiac tissue in terms of composition, structure, mechanical support, and most importantly, bioactivity. 27956366 5 84 theme newly-developed 773:787 arg1 scaffolds 800:808 newly-developed injectable scaffolds 773:808 newly-developed injectable scaffolds 773:808 Here we present newly-developed injectable scaffolds, which are based on solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity. 27956366 11 85 dep scaffolds 1919:1927 arg1 scaffolds 1919:1927 new injectable scaffolds 1904:1927 new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan 1904:2091 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. 27956366 11 85 dep scaffolds 1919:1927 arg1 genipin 2071:2077 genipin 2071:2077 genipin 2071:2077 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. 27956366 11 85 dep scaffolds 1919:1927 arg1 chitosan 2084:2091 chitosan 2084:2091 chitosan 2084:2091 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. 27956366 9 86 theme pcECM-based 1532:1542 arg1 gels 1544:1547 The pcECM-based gels 1528:1547 The pcECM-based gels 1528:1547 The pcECM-based gels enable not only preservation, but also improvement in cardiac function eight weeks post treatment, as measured using echocardiography as well as hemodynamics. 27956366 3 87 theme support 520:526 arg1 terms 476:480 terms 476:480 terms of composition, structure, mechanical support, and most importantly, bioactivity 476:561 Biomaterials comprising such scaffolds should mimic the cardiac tissue in terms of composition, structure, mechanical support, and most importantly, bioactivity. 27956366 10 88 theme progenitor 1724:1733 arg1 cells 1735:1739 progenitor cells 1724:1739 progenitor cells 1724:1739 Infiltration of progenitor cells into the gels highlights the possible biological remodeling properties of the ECM-based platform. 27956366 5 89 theme porcine 857:863 arg1 pcECM 895:899 pcECM 895:899 pcECM 895:899 Here we present newly-developed injectable scaffolds, which are based on solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity. 27956366 5 89 theme porcine 857:863 arg1 matrix 887:892 solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix 830:892 solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity 830:1082 Here we present newly-developed injectable scaffolds, which are based on solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity. 27956366 14 90 theme tissue 2757:2762 arg1 formation 2730:2738 the formation 2726:2738 the formation of a mature scar tissue 2726:2762 We clearly demonstrate the substantial therapeutic potential of these scaffolds, which not only preserved heart functions but also alleviated MI damage, even after the formation of a mature scar tissue. 27956366 3 91 theme such 426:429 arg1 scaffolds 431:439 such scaffolds 426:439 such scaffolds 426:439 Biomaterials comprising such scaffolds should mimic the cardiac tissue in terms of composition, structure, mechanical support, and most importantly, bioactivity. 27956366 4 92 theme biomaterial-based 585:601 arg1 gels 603:606 natural biomaterial-based gels 577:606 natural biomaterial-based gels 577:606 Nonetheless, natural biomaterial-based gels may suffer from limited mechanical strength, which often fail to provide the long-term support required by the heart for contraction and relaxation. 27956366 12 93 theme long-term 2283:2291 arg1 support 2293:2299 the long-term support 2279:2299 the long-term support required for heart contraction and relaxation 2279:2345 The design of such scaffolds aims at leveraging the natural bioactivity and unique structure of cardiac ECM, while overcoming its limited mechanical strength, which may fail to provide the long-term support required for heart contraction and relaxation. 27956366 11 94 theme extracellular 2007:2019 arg1 matrix 2021:2026 porcine cardiac extracellular matrix 1991:2026 porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) 1991:2032 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. 27956366 11 94 theme extracellular 2007:2019 arg1 ECM 2029:2031 ECM 2029:2031 ECM 2029:2031 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. 27956366 5 95 theme extracellular 873:885 arg1 pcECM 895:899 pcECM 895:899 pcECM 895:899 Here we present newly-developed injectable scaffolds, which are based on solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity. 27956366 5 95 theme extracellular 873:885 arg1 matrix 887:892 solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix 830:892 solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity 830:1082 Here we present newly-developed injectable scaffolds, which are based on solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity. 27956366 5 96 theme ECM 1060:1062 arg1 activity 1075:1082 the ECM biological activity 1056:1082 the ECM biological activity 1056:1082 Here we present newly-developed injectable scaffolds, which are based on solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity. 27956366 13 97 theme myocardial 2539:2548 arg1 infarction 2550:2559 acute and chronic myocardial infarction 2521:2559 acute and chronic myocardial infarction 2521:2559 Here, we present a biocompatible gel-platform with custom-tailored mechanical properties that significantly improve cardiac function when injected into rat hearts following acute and chronic myocardial infarction. 27956366 6 98 theme biohybrid 1115:1123 arg1 materials 1125:1133 these new biohybrid materials 1105:1133 these new biohybrid materials 1105:1133 We demonstrate that these new biohybrid materials are naturally remodeled by mesenchymal stem cells, while supporting high viabilities and affecting cell morphology and organization. 27956366 8 99 theme therapeutic 1456:1466 arg1 potential 1468:1476 the significant therapeutic potential 1440:1476 the significant therapeutic potential of these gels 1440:1490 Most importantly, their application in treating acute and long term chronic MI in rat models clearly demonstrates the significant therapeutic potential of these gels in the long-term (12weeks post MI). 27956366 3 100 theme structure 498:506 arg1 terms 476:480 terms 476:480 terms of composition, structure, mechanical support, and most importantly, bioactivity 476:561 Biomaterials comprising such scaffolds should mimic the cardiac tissue in terms of composition, structure, mechanical support, and most importantly, bioactivity. 27956366 13 101 theme rat 2500:2502 arg1 hearts 2504:2509 rat hearts 2500:2509 rat hearts 2500:2509 Here, we present a biocompatible gel-platform with custom-tailored mechanical properties that significantly improve cardiac function when injected into rat hearts following acute and chronic myocardial infarction. 27956366 3 102 theme composition 485:495 arg1 terms 476:480 terms 476:480 terms of composition, structure, mechanical support, and most importantly, bioactivity 476:561 Biomaterials comprising such scaffolds should mimic the cardiac tissue in terms of composition, structure, mechanical support, and most importantly, bioactivity. 27956366 0 103 theme cardiac 56:62 arg1 function 64:71 long term cardiac function 46:71 long term cardiac function 46:71 Biohybrid cardiac ECM-based hydrogels improve long term cardiac function post myocardial infarction. 27956366 12 104 theme such 2108:2111 arg1 scaffolds 2113:2121 such scaffolds 2108:2121 such scaffolds 2108:2121 The design of such scaffolds aims at leveraging the natural bioactivity and unique structure of cardiac ECM, while overcoming its limited mechanical strength, which may fail to provide the long-term support required for heart contraction and relaxation. 27956366 6 105 theme high 1203:1206 arg1 viabilities 1208:1218 high viabilities 1203:1218 high viabilities 1203:1218 We demonstrate that these new biohybrid materials are naturally remodeled by mesenchymal stem cells, while supporting high viabilities and affecting cell morphology and organization. 27956366 8 106 theme gels 1487:1490 arg1 potential 1468:1476 the significant therapeutic potential 1440:1476 the significant therapeutic potential of these gels 1440:1490 Most importantly, their application in treating acute and long term chronic MI in rat models clearly demonstrates the significant therapeutic potential of these gels in the long-term (12weeks post MI). 27956366 10 107 theme biological 1779:1788 arg1 properties 1801:1810 the possible biological remodeling properties 1766:1810 the possible biological remodeling properties of the ECM-based platform 1766:1836 Infiltration of progenitor cells into the gels highlights the possible biological remodeling properties of the ECM-based platform. 27956366 7 108 dep in 1289:1290 arg1 vitro 1292:1296 vitro 1292:1296 vitro 1292:1296 They exhibit neither in vitro nor in vivo immunogenicity. 27956366 11 109 theme porcine 1991:1997 arg1 matrix 2021:2026 porcine cardiac extracellular matrix 1991:2026 porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) 1991:2032 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. 27956366 11 109 theme porcine 1991:1997 arg1 ECM 2029:2031 ECM 2029:2031 ECM 2029:2031 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. 27956366 12 110 theme scaffolds 2113:2121 arg1 design 2098:2103 The design 2094:2103 The design of such scaffolds 2094:2121 The design of such scaffolds aims at leveraging the natural bioactivity and unique structure of cardiac ECM, while overcoming its limited mechanical strength, which may fail to provide the long-term support required for heart contraction and relaxation. 27956366 8 111 dep acute 1374:1378 arg1 MI 1402:1403 chronic MI 1394:1403 chronic MI 1394:1403 Most importantly, their application in treating acute and long term chronic MI in rat models clearly demonstrates the significant therapeutic potential of these gels in the long-term (12weeks post MI). 27956366 0 112 theme cardiac 10:16 arg1 hydrogels 28:36 Biohybrid cardiac ECM-based hydrogels 0:36 Biohybrid cardiac ECM-based hydrogels 0:36 Biohybrid cardiac ECM-based hydrogels improve long term cardiac function post myocardial infarction. 24269927 10 0 theme mutated 1553:1559 arg1 LPS 1561:1563 mutated LPS 1553:1563 mutated LPS 1553:1563 Administration of Escherichia coli JM83 (wild-type LPS) to the mice exacerbated colitis, and Escherichia coli JM83 + htrBPG (mutated LPS, with lower endotoxicity, similar to that of Bacteroidetes) prevented development of colitis after transfer of the T cells to mice. 24269927 7 1 theme T 814:814 arg1 cells 816:820 T cells 814:820 T cells 814:820 Activation of lamina propria dendritic cells and T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. 24269927 9 2 theme hi 1270:1271 arg1 microbiota 1274:1283 Endo(hi) microbiota 1265:1283 Endo(hi) microbiota 1265:1283 To determine whether the effects of Endo(hi) microbiota were related to the higher endotoxic activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we compared LPS from Enterobacteriaceae with that of Bacteroidetes. 24269927 8 3 theme CD62L 886:890 arg1 cells 897:901 CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells 880:901 CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells 880:901 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 11 4 theme CD4 1838:1840 arg1 cells 1855:1859 CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells 1838:1859 CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells 1838:1859 CONCLUSIONS The endotoxicity of LPS produced by the intestinal microbiota is a determinant of whether mice develop colitis after transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells. 24269927 7 5 theme cells 804:808 arg1 Activation 765:774 Activation 765:774 Activation of lamina propria dendritic cells and T cells 765:820 Activation of lamina propria dendritic cells and T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. 24269927 2 6 contain has 267:269 arg1 system 260:265 the mucosal immune system 241:265 the mucosal immune system 241:265 In patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, the mucosal immune system has inappropriate interactions with the intestinal microbiota. 24269927 2 6 contain has 267:269 arg2 interactions 285:296 inappropriate interactions 271:296 inappropriate interactions with the intestinal microbiota 271:327 In patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, the mucosal immune system has inappropriate interactions with the intestinal microbiota. 24269927 8 7 theme Endo 1112:1115 arg1 microbiota 1121:1130 highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota 1095:1130 highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) 1095:1208 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 6 8 used used 716:719 arg2 tissues 689:695 Colonic tissues 681:695 Colonic tissues 681:695 Colonic tissues were collected and used for histologic analysis and cell isolation. 24269927 6 9 theme histologic 725:734 arg1 analysis 736:743 histologic analysis 725:743 histologic analysis 725:743 Colonic tissues were collected and used for histologic analysis and cell isolation. 24269927 2 10 theme inappropriate 271:283 arg1 interactions 285:296 inappropriate interactions 271:296 inappropriate interactions with the intestinal microbiota 271:327 In patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, the mucosal immune system has inappropriate interactions with the intestinal microbiota. 24269927 7 11 theme propria 786:792 arg1 cells 804:808 lamina propria dendritic cells 779:808 lamina propria dendritic cells 779:808 Activation of lamina propria dendritic cells and T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. 24269927 1 12 theme mucosal 177:183 arg1 response 185:192 the mucosal response 173:192 the mucosal response 173:192 BACKGROUND & AIMS The intestinal microbiota is an important determinant of the mucosal response. 24269927 8 13 theme immune 1061:1066 arg1 homeostasis 1068:1078 mucosal immune homeostasis 1053:1078 mucosal immune homeostasis 1053:1078 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 8 14 theme T 895:895 arg1 cells 897:901 CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells 880:901 CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells 880:901 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 8 15 theme hi 1117:1118 arg1 microbiota 1121:1130 highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota 1095:1130 highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) 1095:1208 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 11 16 theme CD62L 1844:1848 arg1 cells 1855:1859 CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells 1838:1859 CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells 1838:1859 CONCLUSIONS The endotoxicity of LPS produced by the intestinal microbiota is a determinant of whether mice develop colitis after transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells. 24269927 5 17 from mice 675:678 arg1 transfer 626:633 transfer 626:633 transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells from C57BL/6J mice 626:678 Colitis was induced in Rag1(-/-) mice by transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells from C57BL/6J mice. 24269927 2 18 theme intestinal 307:316 arg1 microbiota 318:327 the intestinal microbiota 303:327 the intestinal microbiota 303:327 In patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, the mucosal immune system has inappropriate interactions with the intestinal microbiota. 24269927 9 19 theme endotoxic 1312:1320 arg1 activity 1322:1329 the higher endotoxic activity 1301:1329 the higher endotoxic activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 1301:1357 To determine whether the effects of Endo(hi) microbiota were related to the higher endotoxic activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we compared LPS from Enterobacteriaceae with that of Bacteroidetes. 24269927 4 20 theme C57BL/6J-Rag 474:485 arg1 mice 508:511 METHODS Germ-free C57BL/6J-Rag(1tm1Mom) (Rag1(-/-)) mice 456:511 METHODS Germ-free C57BL/6J-Rag(1tm1Mom) (Rag1(-/-)) mice 456:511 METHODS Germ-free C57BL/6J-Rag(1tm1Mom) (Rag1(-/-)) mice were colonized with 2 different types of complex intestinal microbiota. 24269927 5 21 theme cells 655:659 arg1 transfer 626:633 transfer 626:633 transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells from C57BL/6J mice 626:678 Colitis was induced in Rag1(-/-) mice by transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells from C57BL/6J mice. 24269927 2 22 theme bowel 225:229 arg1 diseases 231:238 inflammatory bowel diseases 212:238 inflammatory bowel diseases 212:238 In patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, the mucosal immune system has inappropriate interactions with the intestinal microbiota. 24269927 1 23 theme intestinal 120:129 arg1 microbiota 131:140 The intestinal microbiota 116:140 The intestinal microbiota 116:140 BACKGROUND & AIMS The intestinal microbiota is an important determinant of the mucosal response. 24269927 1 23 theme intestinal 120:129 arg1 determinant 158:168 an important determinant 145:168 an important determinant of the mucosal response 145:192 BACKGROUND & AIMS The intestinal microbiota is an important determinant of the mucosal response. 24269927 11 24 theme cells 1855:1859 arg1 transfer 1826:1833 transfer 1826:1833 transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells 1826:1859 CONCLUSIONS The endotoxicity of LPS produced by the intestinal microbiota is a determinant of whether mice develop colitis after transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells. 24269927 8 25 theme Enterobacteriaceae 1154:1171 arg1 proportion 1181:1190 low proportion 1177:1190 low proportion 1177:1190 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 8 25 theme Enterobacteriaceae 1154:1171 arg1 proportion 1140:1149 a high proportion 1133:1149 a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae 1133:1171 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 4 26 theme METHODS 456:462 arg1 1tm1Mom 487:493 1tm1Mom 487:493 1tm1Mom 487:493 METHODS Germ-free C57BL/6J-Rag(1tm1Mom) (Rag1(-/-)) mice were colonized with 2 different types of complex intestinal microbiota. 24269927 4 26 theme METHODS 456:462 arg1 C57BL/6J-Rag 474:485 METHODS Germ-free C57BL/6J-Rag 456:485 METHODS Germ-free C57BL/6J-Rag(1tm1Mom) (Rag1(-/-)) mice 456:511 METHODS Germ-free C57BL/6J-Rag(1tm1Mom) (Rag1(-/-)) mice were colonized with 2 different types of complex intestinal microbiota. 24269927 11 27 theme intestinal 1749:1758 arg1 microbiota 1760:1769 the intestinal microbiota 1745:1769 the intestinal microbiota 1745:1769 CONCLUSIONS The endotoxicity of LPS produced by the intestinal microbiota is a determinant of whether mice develop colitis after transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells. 24269927 8 28 theme low 1177:1179 arg1 proportion 1181:1190 low proportion 1177:1190 low proportion 1177:1190 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 0 29 theme colitis 71:77 arg1 induction 79:87 T-cell-mediated colitis induction 55:87 T-cell-mediated colitis induction in mice 55:95 Endotoxicity of lipopolysaccharide as a determinant of T-cell-mediated colitis induction in mice. 24269927 3 30 from development 424:434 arg1 mice 450:453 mice 450:453 mice 450:453 We investigated how the composition of the intestinal microbiota affects its endotoxicity and development of colitis in mice. 24269927 2 31 theme mucosal 245:251 arg1 system 260:265 the mucosal immune system 241:265 the mucosal immune system 241:265 In patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, the mucosal immune system has inappropriate interactions with the intestinal microbiota. 24269927 1 32 theme important 148:156 arg1 microbiota 131:140 The intestinal microbiota 116:140 The intestinal microbiota 116:140 BACKGROUND & AIMS The intestinal microbiota is an important determinant of the mucosal response. 24269927 1 32 theme important 148:156 arg1 determinant 158:168 an important determinant 145:168 an important determinant of the mucosal response 145:192 BACKGROUND & AIMS The intestinal microbiota is an important determinant of the mucosal response. 24269927 3 33 theme intestinal 373:382 arg1 microbiota 384:393 the intestinal microbiota 369:393 the intestinal microbiota 369:393 We investigated how the composition of the intestinal microbiota affects its endotoxicity and development of colitis in mice. 24269927 5 34 theme C57BL/6J 666:673 arg1 mice 675:678 C57BL/6J mice 666:678 C57BL/6J mice 666:678 Colitis was induced in Rag1(-/-) mice by transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells from C57BL/6J mice. 24269927 8 35 theme Endo 925:928 arg1 microbiota 934:943 intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota 914:943 intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) 914:1040 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 5 36 theme Rag1 608:611 arg1 mice 618:621 Rag1(-/-) mice 608:621 Rag1(-/-) mice 608:621 Colitis was induced in Rag1(-/-) mice by transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells from C57BL/6J mice. 24269927 11 37 theme LPS 1729:1731 arg1 determinant 1776:1786 a determinant 1774:1786 a determinant of whether mice develop colitis after transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells 1774:1859 CONCLUSIONS The endotoxicity of LPS produced by the intestinal microbiota is a determinant of whether mice develop colitis after transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells. 24269927 11 37 theme LPS 1729:1731 arg1 endotoxicity 1713:1724 The endotoxicity 1709:1724 The endotoxicity of LPS produced by the intestinal microbiota 1709:1769 CONCLUSIONS The endotoxicity of LPS produced by the intestinal microbiota is a determinant of whether mice develop colitis after transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells. 24269927 4 38 dep C57BL/6J-Rag 474:485 arg1 Rag1 497:500 Rag1 497:500 Rag1(-/-) 497:505 METHODS Germ-free C57BL/6J-Rag(1tm1Mom) (Rag1(-/-)) mice were colonized with 2 different types of complex intestinal microbiota. 24269927 3 39 from endotoxicity 407:418 arg1 mice 450:453 mice 450:453 mice 450:453 We investigated how the composition of the intestinal microbiota affects its endotoxicity and development of colitis in mice. 24269927 8 40 theme lo 930:931 arg1 microbiota 934:943 intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota 914:943 intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) 914:1040 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 1 41 theme BACKGROUND 98:107 arg1 & 109:109 BACKGROUND & 98:109 BACKGROUND & 98:109 BACKGROUND & AIMS The intestinal microbiota is an important determinant of the mucosal response. 24269927 10 42 theme Escherichia 1521:1531 arg1 htrBPG 1545:1550 Escherichia coli JM83 + htrBPG 1521:1550 Escherichia coli JM83 + htrBPG (mutated LPS, with lower endotoxicity, similar to that of Bacteroidetes) 1521:1623 Administration of Escherichia coli JM83 (wild-type LPS) to the mice exacerbated colitis, and Escherichia coli JM83 + htrBPG (mutated LPS, with lower endotoxicity, similar to that of Bacteroidetes) prevented development of colitis after transfer of the T cells to mice. 24269927 0 43 theme lipopolysaccharide 16:33 arg1 Endotoxicity 0:11 Endotoxicity 0:11 Endotoxicity of lipopolysaccharide as a determinant of T-cell-mediated colitis induction in mice. 0:96 Endotoxicity of lipopolysaccharide as a determinant of T-cell-mediated colitis induction in mice. 24269927 4 44 dep Rag1 497:500 arg1 -/- 502:504 -/- 502:504 -/- 502:504 METHODS Germ-free C57BL/6J-Rag(1tm1Mom) (Rag1(-/-)) mice were colonized with 2 different types of complex intestinal microbiota. 24269927 9 45 theme microbiota 1274:1283 arg1 effects 1254:1260 the effects 1250:1260 the effects of Endo(hi) microbiota 1250:1283 To determine whether the effects of Endo(hi) microbiota were related to the higher endotoxic activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we compared LPS from Enterobacteriaceae with that of Bacteroidetes. 24269927 9 45 theme microbiota 1274:1283 arg1 related 1290:1296 related 1290:1296 related 1290:1296 To determine whether the effects of Endo(hi) microbiota were related to the higher endotoxic activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we compared LPS from Enterobacteriaceae with that of Bacteroidetes. 24269927 3 46 theme colitis 439:445 arg1 endotoxicity 407:418 endotoxicity 407:418 endotoxicity 407:418 We investigated how the composition of the intestinal microbiota affects its endotoxicity and development of colitis in mice. 24269927 3 46 theme colitis 439:445 arg1 development 424:434 development 424:434 development 424:434 We investigated how the composition of the intestinal microbiota affects its endotoxicity and development of colitis in mice. 24269927 4 47 theme complex 554:560 arg1 microbiota 573:582 complex intestinal microbiota 554:582 complex intestinal microbiota 554:582 METHODS Germ-free C57BL/6J-Rag(1tm1Mom) (Rag1(-/-)) mice were colonized with 2 different types of complex intestinal microbiota. 24269927 10 48 theme cells 1682:1686 arg1 transfer 1664:1671 transfer 1664:1671 transfer of the T cells to mice 1664:1694 Administration of Escherichia coli JM83 (wild-type LPS) to the mice exacerbated colitis, and Escherichia coli JM83 + htrBPG (mutated LPS, with lower endotoxicity, similar to that of Bacteroidetes) prevented development of colitis after transfer of the T cells to mice. 24269927 12 49 theme novel 1899:1903 arg1 biologics 1905:1913 novel biologics 1899:1913 novel biologics 1899:1913 This finding might aid the design of novel biologics or probiotics to treat inflammatory bowel disease. 24269927 10 50 dep Escherichia 1521:1531 arg1 coli 1533:1536 coli 1533:1536 coli 1533:1536 Administration of Escherichia coli JM83 (wild-type LPS) to the mice exacerbated colitis, and Escherichia coli JM83 + htrBPG (mutated LPS, with lower endotoxicity, similar to that of Bacteroidetes) prevented development of colitis after transfer of the T cells to mice. 24269927 8 51 theme Enterobacteriaceae 966:983 arg1 proportion 952:961 a low proportion 946:961 a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae 946:983 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 8 51 theme Enterobacteriaceae 966:983 arg1 endotoxicity 1028:1039 low endotoxicity 1024:1039 low endotoxicity 1024:1039 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 8 51 theme Enterobacteriaceae 966:983 arg1 proportion 991:1000 high proportion 986:1000 high proportion of Bacteroidetes 986:1017 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 10 52 with LPS 1561:1563 arg1 endotoxicity 1577:1588 lower endotoxicity 1571:1588 lower endotoxicity 1571:1588 Administration of Escherichia coli JM83 (wild-type LPS) to the mice exacerbated colitis, and Escherichia coli JM83 + htrBPG (mutated LPS, with lower endotoxicity, similar to that of Bacteroidetes) prevented development of colitis after transfer of the T cells to mice. 24269927 10 53 theme colitis 1650:1656 arg1 development 1635:1645 development 1635:1645 development of colitis 1635:1656 Administration of Escherichia coli JM83 (wild-type LPS) to the mice exacerbated colitis, and Escherichia coli JM83 + htrBPG (mutated LPS, with lower endotoxicity, similar to that of Bacteroidetes) prevented development of colitis after transfer of the T cells to mice. 24269927 6 54 theme Colonic 681:687 arg1 tissues 689:695 Colonic tissues 681:695 Colonic tissues 681:695 Colonic tissues were collected and used for histologic analysis and cell isolation. 24269927 10 55 theme JM83 + 1538:1543 arg1 htrBPG 1545:1550 Escherichia coli JM83 + htrBPG 1521:1550 Escherichia coli JM83 + htrBPG (mutated LPS, with lower endotoxicity, similar to that of Bacteroidetes) 1521:1623 Administration of Escherichia coli JM83 (wild-type LPS) to the mice exacerbated colitis, and Escherichia coli JM83 + htrBPG (mutated LPS, with lower endotoxicity, similar to that of Bacteroidetes) prevented development of colitis after transfer of the T cells to mice. 24269927 8 56 theme high 986:989 arg1 proportion 991:1000 high proportion 986:1000 high proportion of Bacteroidetes 986:1017 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 12 57 theme inflammatory 1938:1949 arg1 disease 1957:1963 inflammatory bowel disease 1938:1963 inflammatory bowel disease 1938:1963 This finding might aid the design of novel biologics or probiotics to treat inflammatory bowel disease. 24269927 7 58 theme flow 838:841 arg1 cytometry 843:851 flow cytometry 838:851 flow cytometry 838:851 Activation of lamina propria dendritic cells and T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. 24269927 10 59 theme lower 1571:1575 arg1 endotoxicity 1577:1588 lower endotoxicity 1571:1588 lower endotoxicity 1571:1588 Administration of Escherichia coli JM83 (wild-type LPS) to the mice exacerbated colitis, and Escherichia coli JM83 + htrBPG (mutated LPS, with lower endotoxicity, similar to that of Bacteroidetes) prevented development of colitis after transfer of the T cells to mice. 24269927 4 60 theme microbiota 573:582 arg1 types 545:549 2 different types 533:549 2 different types of complex intestinal microbiota 533:582 METHODS Germ-free C57BL/6J-Rag(1tm1Mom) (Rag1(-/-)) mice were colonized with 2 different types of complex intestinal microbiota. 24269927 5 61 theme CD4 638:640 arg1 cells 655:659 CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells 638:659 CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells 638:659 Colitis was induced in Rag1(-/-) mice by transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells from C57BL/6J mice. 24269927 6 62 theme cell 749:752 arg1 isolation 754:762 cell isolation 749:762 cell isolation 749:762 Colonic tissues were collected and used for histologic analysis and cell isolation. 24269927 10 63 theme similar 1591:1597 arg1 endotoxicity 1577:1588 lower endotoxicity 1571:1588 lower endotoxicity 1571:1588 Administration of Escherichia coli JM83 (wild-type LPS) to the mice exacerbated colitis, and Escherichia coli JM83 + htrBPG (mutated LPS, with lower endotoxicity, similar to that of Bacteroidetes) prevented development of colitis after transfer of the T cells to mice. 24269927 7 64 theme cells 816:820 arg1 Activation 765:774 Activation 765:774 Activation of lamina propria dendritic cells and T cells 765:820 Activation of lamina propria dendritic cells and T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. 24269927 8 65 theme low 1024:1026 arg1 endotoxicity 1028:1039 low endotoxicity 1024:1039 low endotoxicity 1024:1039 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 10 66 dep Escherichia 1446:1456 arg1 coli 1458:1461 coli 1458:1461 coli 1458:1461 Administration of Escherichia coli JM83 (wild-type LPS) to the mice exacerbated colitis, and Escherichia coli JM83 + htrBPG (mutated LPS, with lower endotoxicity, similar to that of Bacteroidetes) prevented development of colitis after transfer of the T cells to mice. 24269927 8 67 theme cells 897:901 arg1 transfer 868:875 transfer 868:875 transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells 868:901 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 8 67 theme cells 897:901 arg1 mice 904:907 mice 904:907 mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) 904:1040 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 8 68 theme endotoxic 1102:1110 arg1 microbiota 1121:1130 highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota 1095:1130 highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) 1095:1208 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 10 69 theme JM83 1463:1466 arg1 Administration 1428:1441 Administration 1428:1441 Administration of Escherichia coli JM83 (wild-type LPS) to the mice 1428:1494 Administration of Escherichia coli JM83 (wild-type LPS) to the mice exacerbated colitis, and Escherichia coli JM83 + htrBPG (mutated LPS, with lower endotoxicity, similar to that of Bacteroidetes) prevented development of colitis after transfer of the T cells to mice. 24269927 7 70 theme dendritic 794:802 arg1 cells 804:808 lamina propria dendritic cells 779:808 lamina propria dendritic cells 779:808 Activation of lamina propria dendritic cells and T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. 24269927 1 71 theme response 185:192 arg1 microbiota 131:140 The intestinal microbiota 116:140 The intestinal microbiota 116:140 BACKGROUND & AIMS The intestinal microbiota is an important determinant of the mucosal response. 24269927 1 71 theme response 185:192 arg1 determinant 158:168 an important determinant 145:168 an important determinant of the mucosal response 145:192 BACKGROUND & AIMS The intestinal microbiota is an important determinant of the mucosal response. 24269927 8 72 theme mucosal 1053:1059 arg1 homeostasis 1068:1078 mucosal immune homeostasis 1053:1078 mucosal immune homeostasis 1053:1078 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 12 73 theme biologics 1905:1913 arg1 design 1889:1894 the design 1885:1894 the design of novel biologics or probiotics to treat inflammatory bowel disease 1885:1963 This finding might aid the design of novel biologics or probiotics to treat inflammatory bowel disease. 24269927 10 74 theme Escherichia 1446:1456 arg1 JM83 1463:1466 Escherichia coli JM83 1446:1466 Escherichia coli JM83 (wild-type LPS) 1446:1482 Administration of Escherichia coli JM83 (wild-type LPS) to the mice exacerbated colitis, and Escherichia coli JM83 + htrBPG (mutated LPS, with lower endotoxicity, similar to that of Bacteroidetes) prevented development of colitis after transfer of the T cells to mice. 24269927 10 74 theme Escherichia 1446:1456 arg1 LPS 1479:1481 wild-type LPS 1469:1481 wild-type LPS 1469:1481 Administration of Escherichia coli JM83 (wild-type LPS) to the mice exacerbated colitis, and Escherichia coli JM83 + htrBPG (mutated LPS, with lower endotoxicity, similar to that of Bacteroidetes) prevented development of colitis after transfer of the T cells to mice. 24269927 7 75 theme lamina 779:784 arg1 cells 804:808 lamina propria dendritic cells 779:808 lamina propria dendritic cells 779:808 Activation of lamina propria dendritic cells and T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. 24269927 9 76 theme higher 1305:1310 arg1 activity 1322:1329 the higher endotoxic activity 1301:1329 the higher endotoxic activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 1301:1357 To determine whether the effects of Endo(hi) microbiota were related to the higher endotoxic activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we compared LPS from Enterobacteriaceae with that of Bacteroidetes. 24269927 11 77 theme T 1853:1853 arg1 cells 1855:1859 CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells 1838:1859 CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells 1838:1859 CONCLUSIONS The endotoxicity of LPS produced by the intestinal microbiota is a determinant of whether mice develop colitis after transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells. 24269927 0 78 from mice 92:95 arg1 determinant 40:50 a determinant 38:50 a determinant of T-cell-mediated colitis induction in mice 38:95 Endotoxicity of lipopolysaccharide as a determinant of T-cell-mediated colitis induction in mice. 24269927 5 79 theme T 653:653 arg1 cells 655:659 CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells 638:659 CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells 638:659 Colitis was induced in Rag1(-/-) mice by transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells from C57BL/6J mice. 24269927 0 80 from induction 79:87 arg1 mice 92:95 mice 92:95 mice 92:95 Endotoxicity of lipopolysaccharide as a determinant of T-cell-mediated colitis induction in mice. 24269927 10 81 theme wild-type 1469:1477 arg1 JM83 1463:1466 Escherichia coli JM83 1446:1466 Escherichia coli JM83 (wild-type LPS) 1446:1482 Administration of Escherichia coli JM83 (wild-type LPS) to the mice exacerbated colitis, and Escherichia coli JM83 + htrBPG (mutated LPS, with lower endotoxicity, similar to that of Bacteroidetes) prevented development of colitis after transfer of the T cells to mice. 24269927 10 81 theme wild-type 1469:1477 arg1 LPS 1479:1481 wild-type LPS 1469:1481 wild-type LPS 1469:1481 Administration of Escherichia coli JM83 (wild-type LPS) to the mice exacerbated colitis, and Escherichia coli JM83 + htrBPG (mutated LPS, with lower endotoxicity, similar to that of Bacteroidetes) prevented development of colitis after transfer of the T cells to mice. 24269927 8 82 with mice 904:907 arg1 microbiota 934:943 intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota 914:943 intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) 914:1040 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 9 83 theme lipopolysaccharide 1334:1351 arg1 activity 1322:1329 the higher endotoxic activity 1301:1329 the higher endotoxic activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 1301:1357 To determine whether the effects of Endo(hi) microbiota were related to the higher endotoxic activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we compared LPS from Enterobacteriaceae with that of Bacteroidetes. 24269927 8 84 theme high 1135:1138 arg1 proportion 1140:1149 a high proportion 1133:1149 a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae 1133:1171 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 5 85 theme CD62L 644:648 arg1 cells 655:659 CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells 638:659 CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells 638:659 Colitis was induced in Rag1(-/-) mice by transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells from C57BL/6J mice. 24269927 2 86 with interactions 285:296 arg1 microbiota 318:327 the intestinal microbiota 303:327 the intestinal microbiota 303:327 In patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, the mucosal immune system has inappropriate interactions with the intestinal microbiota. 24269927 4 87 theme Germ-free 464:472 arg1 1tm1Mom 487:493 1tm1Mom 487:493 1tm1Mom 487:493 METHODS Germ-free C57BL/6J-Rag(1tm1Mom) (Rag1(-/-)) mice were colonized with 2 different types of complex intestinal microbiota. 24269927 4 87 theme Germ-free 464:472 arg1 C57BL/6J-Rag 474:485 METHODS Germ-free C57BL/6J-Rag 456:485 METHODS Germ-free C57BL/6J-Rag(1tm1Mom) (Rag1(-/-)) mice 456:511 METHODS Germ-free C57BL/6J-Rag(1tm1Mom) (Rag1(-/-)) mice were colonized with 2 different types of complex intestinal microbiota. 24269927 0 88 theme induction 79:87 arg1 determinant 40:50 a determinant 38:50 a determinant of T-cell-mediated colitis induction in mice 38:95 Endotoxicity of lipopolysaccharide as a determinant of T-cell-mediated colitis induction in mice. 24269927 2 89 theme immune 253:258 arg1 system 260:265 the mucosal immune system 241:265 the mucosal immune system 241:265 In patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, the mucosal immune system has inappropriate interactions with the intestinal microbiota. 24269927 8 90 with mice 1085:1088 arg1 microbiota 1121:1130 highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota 1095:1130 highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) 1095:1208 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 8 91 theme intestinal 914:923 arg1 microbiota 934:943 intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota 914:943 intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) 914:1040 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 9 92 from Enterobacteriaceae 1381:1398 arg1 LPS 1372:1374 LPS 1372:1374 LPS from Enterobacteriaceae 1372:1398 To determine whether the effects of Endo(hi) microbiota were related to the higher endotoxic activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we compared LPS from Enterobacteriaceae with that of Bacteroidetes. 24269927 3 93 theme microbiota 384:393 arg1 composition 354:364 the composition 350:364 the composition of the intestinal microbiota 350:393 We investigated how the composition of the intestinal microbiota affects its endotoxicity and development of colitis in mice. 24269927 8 94 theme Bacteroidetes 1195:1207 arg1 proportion 1181:1190 low proportion 1177:1190 low proportion 1177:1190 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 8 94 theme Bacteroidetes 1195:1207 arg1 proportion 1140:1149 a high proportion 1133:1149 a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae 1133:1171 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 8 95 dep microbiota 1121:1130 arg1 proportion 1181:1190 low proportion 1177:1190 low proportion 1177:1190 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 8 95 dep microbiota 1121:1130 arg1 proportion 1140:1149 a high proportion 1133:1149 a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae 1133:1171 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 0 96 from determinant 40:50 arg1 mice 92:95 mice 92:95 mice 92:95 Endotoxicity of lipopolysaccharide as a determinant of T-cell-mediated colitis induction in mice. 24269927 8 97 theme low 948:950 arg1 proportion 952:961 a low proportion 946:961 a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae 946:983 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 11 98 dep CONCLUSIONS 1697:1707 arg1 determinant 1776:1786 a determinant 1774:1786 a determinant of whether mice develop colitis after transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells 1774:1859 CONCLUSIONS The endotoxicity of LPS produced by the intestinal microbiota is a determinant of whether mice develop colitis after transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells. 24269927 11 98 dep CONCLUSIONS 1697:1707 arg1 endotoxicity 1713:1724 The endotoxicity 1709:1724 The endotoxicity of LPS produced by the intestinal microbiota 1709:1769 CONCLUSIONS The endotoxicity of LPS produced by the intestinal microbiota is a determinant of whether mice develop colitis after transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells. 24269927 4 99 theme intestinal 562:571 arg1 microbiota 573:582 complex intestinal microbiota 554:582 complex intestinal microbiota 554:582 METHODS Germ-free C57BL/6J-Rag(1tm1Mom) (Rag1(-/-)) mice were colonized with 2 different types of complex intestinal microbiota. 24269927 10 100 dep htrBPG 1545:1550 arg1 LPS 1561:1563 mutated LPS 1553:1563 mutated LPS 1553:1563 Administration of Escherichia coli JM83 (wild-type LPS) to the mice exacerbated colitis, and Escherichia coli JM83 + htrBPG (mutated LPS, with lower endotoxicity, similar to that of Bacteroidetes) prevented development of colitis after transfer of the T cells to mice. 24269927 10 101 theme T 1680:1680 arg1 cells 1682:1686 the T cells 1676:1686 the T cells 1676:1686 Administration of Escherichia coli JM83 (wild-type LPS) to the mice exacerbated colitis, and Escherichia coli JM83 + htrBPG (mutated LPS, with lower endotoxicity, similar to that of Bacteroidetes) prevented development of colitis after transfer of the T cells to mice. 24269927 12 102 theme bowel 1951:1955 arg1 disease 1957:1963 inflammatory bowel disease 1938:1963 inflammatory bowel disease 1938:1963 This finding might aid the design of novel biologics or probiotics to treat inflammatory bowel disease. 24269927 0 103 theme T-cell-mediated 55:69 arg1 induction 79:87 T-cell-mediated colitis induction 55:87 T-cell-mediated colitis induction in mice 55:95 Endotoxicity of lipopolysaccharide as a determinant of T-cell-mediated colitis induction in mice. 24269927 4 104 theme different 535:543 arg1 types 545:549 2 different types 533:549 2 different types of complex intestinal microbiota 533:582 METHODS Germ-free C57BL/6J-Rag(1tm1Mom) (Rag1(-/-)) mice were colonized with 2 different types of complex intestinal microbiota. 24269927 2 105 theme inflammatory 212:223 arg1 diseases 231:238 inflammatory bowel diseases 212:238 inflammatory bowel diseases 212:238 In patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, the mucosal immune system has inappropriate interactions with the intestinal microbiota. 24269927 12 106 theme probiotics 1918:1927 arg1 design 1889:1894 the design 1885:1894 the design of novel biologics or probiotics to treat inflammatory bowel disease 1885:1963 This finding might aid the design of novel biologics or probiotics to treat inflammatory bowel disease. 24269927 8 107 theme Bacteroidetes 1005:1017 arg1 proportion 952:961 a low proportion 946:961 a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae 946:983 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 8 107 theme Bacteroidetes 1005:1017 arg1 endotoxicity 1028:1039 low endotoxicity 1024:1039 low endotoxicity 1024:1039 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 8 107 theme Bacteroidetes 1005:1017 arg1 proportion 991:1000 high proportion 986:1000 high proportion of Bacteroidetes 986:1017 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 8 108 theme CD4 880:882 arg1 cells 897:901 CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells 880:901 CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells 880:901 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 2 109 with patients 198:205 arg1 diseases 231:238 inflammatory bowel diseases 212:238 inflammatory bowel diseases 212:238 In patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, the mucosal immune system has inappropriate interactions with the intestinal microbiota. 24269927 8 110 dep microbiota 934:943 arg1 proportion 952:961 a low proportion 946:961 a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae 946:983 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 8 110 dep microbiota 934:943 arg1 endotoxicity 1028:1039 low endotoxicity 1024:1039 low endotoxicity 1024:1039 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 8 110 dep microbiota 934:943 arg1 proportion 991:1000 high proportion 986:1000 high proportion of Bacteroidetes 986:1017 RESULTS After transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells, mice with intestinal Endo(lo) microbiota (a low proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, high proportion of Bacteroidetes, and low endotoxicity) maintained mucosal immune homeostasis, and mice with highly endotoxic Endo(hi) microbiota (a high proportion of Enterobacteriaceae and low proportion of Bacteroidetes) developed colitis. 24269927 9 111 theme Endo 1265:1268 arg1 microbiota 1274:1283 Endo(hi) microbiota 1265:1283 Endo(hi) microbiota 1265:1283 To determine whether the effects of Endo(hi) microbiota were related to the higher endotoxic activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we compared LPS from Enterobacteriaceae with that of Bacteroidetes. 24026681 6 0 theme ganglioside 936:946 arg1 glycosophingolipid 955:972 a glycosophingolipid 953:972 a glycosophingolipid enriched in neural tissue 953:998 The ST3GAL5 enzyme synthesizes ganglioside GM3, a glycosophingolipid enriched in neural tissue, by adding sialic acid to lactosylceramide. 24026681 6 0 theme ganglioside 936:946 arg1 GM3 948:950 ganglioside GM3 936:950 ganglioside GM3 936:950 The ST3GAL5 enzyme synthesizes ganglioside GM3, a glycosophingolipid enriched in neural tissue, by adding sialic acid to lactosylceramide. 24026681 9 1 theme antisense 1734:1742 arg1 morpholinos 1744:1754 antisense morpholinos 1734:1754 antisense morpholinos that targeted zebrafish st3gal5 expression 1734:1797 Comprehensive glycomic analysis of N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans revealed collateral alterations in response to loss of complex gangliosides in patient fibroblasts and in zebrafish embryos injected with antisense morpholinos that targeted zebrafish st3gal5 expression. 24026681 0 2 theme altered 124:130 arg1 glycolipid 132:141 altered glycolipid 124:141 altered glycolipid 124:141 A mutation in a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, ST3GAL5, results in salt & pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation. 24026681 0 3 theme glycoprotein 147:158 arg1 glycosylation 160:172 glycoprotein glycosylation 147:172 glycoprotein glycosylation 147:172 A mutation in a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, ST3GAL5, results in salt & pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation. 24026681 10 4 theme multiple 1876:1883 arg1 regions 1891:1897 multiple brain regions 1876:1897 multiple brain regions 1876:1897 Morphant zebrafish embryos also exhibited increased apoptotic cell death in multiple brain regions, emphasizing the importance of GSL expression in normal neural development and function. 24026681 8 5 theme Glycolipid 1209:1218 arg1 analysis 1220:1227 Glycolipid analysis 1209:1227 Glycolipid analysis 1209:1227 Glycolipid analysis confirmed a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside in patient fibroblasts, while microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs detected modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 and greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways. 24026681 9 6 theme zebrafish 1770:1778 arg1 expression 1788:1797 zebrafish st3gal5 expression 1770:1797 zebrafish st3gal5 expression 1770:1797 Comprehensive glycomic analysis of N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans revealed collateral alterations in response to loss of complex gangliosides in patient fibroblasts and in zebrafish embryos injected with antisense morpholinos that targeted zebrafish st3gal5 expression. 24026681 8 7 theme patient 1277:1283 arg1 fibroblasts 1285:1295 patient fibroblasts 1277:1295 patient fibroblasts 1277:1295 Glycolipid analysis confirmed a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside in patient fibroblasts, while microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs detected modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 and greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways. 24026681 8 8 from downstream 1464:1473 arg1 pathways 1516:1523 other GSL biosynthetic pathways 1493:1523 other GSL biosynthetic pathways 1493:1523 Glycolipid analysis confirmed a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside in patient fibroblasts, while microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs detected modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 and greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways. 24026681 0 9 gly glycosylation 160:172 arg1 disorder 110:117 a neurocutaneous disorder 93:117 a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation 93:172 A mutation in a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, ST3GAL5, results in salt & pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation. 24026681 0 9 gly glycosylation 160:172 arg1 syndrome 83:90 salt & pepper syndrome 69:90 salt & pepper syndrome 69:90 A mutation in a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, ST3GAL5, results in salt & pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation. 24026681 9 10 theme Comprehensive 1526:1538 arg1 analysis 1549:1556 Comprehensive glycomic analysis 1526:1556 Comprehensive glycomic analysis of N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans 1526:1594 Comprehensive glycomic analysis of N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans revealed collateral alterations in response to loss of complex gangliosides in patient fibroblasts and in zebrafish embryos injected with antisense morpholinos that targeted zebrafish st3gal5 expression. 24026681 8 11 theme complete 1241:1248 arg1 lack 1250:1253 a complete lack 1239:1253 a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside 1239:1272 Glycolipid analysis confirmed a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside in patient fibroblasts, while microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs detected modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 and greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways. 24026681 8 12 theme microarray 1304:1313 arg1 analysis 1315:1322 microarray analysis 1304:1322 microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs 1304:1351 Glycolipid analysis confirmed a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside in patient fibroblasts, while microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs detected modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 and greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways. 24026681 1 13 theme & 181:181 arg1 condition 226:234 an autosomal recessive condition 203:234 an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, scoliosis, choreoathetosis, dysmorphic facial features and altered dermal pigmentation 203:380 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, scoliosis, choreoathetosis, dysmorphic facial features and altered dermal pigmentation. 24026681 1 13 theme & 181:181 arg1 syndrome 191:198 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome 175:198 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome 175:198 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, scoliosis, choreoathetosis, dysmorphic facial features and altered dermal pigmentation. 24026681 9 14 dep loss 1643:1646 arg1 response 1631:1638 response 1631:1638 response 1631:1638 Comprehensive glycomic analysis of N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans revealed collateral alterations in response to loss of complex gangliosides in patient fibroblasts and in zebrafish embryos injected with antisense morpholinos that targeted zebrafish st3gal5 expression. 24026681 8 15 theme biosynthetic 1503:1514 arg1 pathways 1516:1523 other GSL biosynthetic pathways 1493:1523 other GSL biosynthetic pathways 1493:1523 Glycolipid analysis confirmed a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside in patient fibroblasts, while microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs detected modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 and greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways. 24026681 0 16 theme neurocutaneous 95:108 arg1 disorder 110:117 a neurocutaneous disorder 93:117 a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation 93:172 A mutation in a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, ST3GAL5, results in salt & pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation. 24026681 0 16 theme neurocutaneous 95:108 arg1 syndrome 83:90 salt & pepper syndrome 69:90 salt & pepper syndrome 69:90 A mutation in a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, ST3GAL5, results in salt & pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation. 24026681 10 17 theme GSL 1930:1932 arg1 expression 1934:1943 GSL expression 1930:1943 GSL expression 1930:1943 Morphant zebrafish embryos also exhibited increased apoptotic cell death in multiple brain regions, emphasizing the importance of GSL expression in normal neural development and function. 24026681 9 18 theme N-linked 1561:1568 arg1 glycans 1588:1594 N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans 1561:1594 N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans 1561:1594 Comprehensive glycomic analysis of N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans revealed collateral alterations in response to loss of complex gangliosides in patient fibroblasts and in zebrafish embryos injected with antisense morpholinos that targeted zebrafish st3gal5 expression. 24026681 8 19 theme ganglioside 1262:1272 arg1 lack 1250:1253 a complete lack 1239:1253 a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside 1239:1272 Glycolipid analysis confirmed a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside in patient fibroblasts, while microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs detected modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 and greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways. 24026681 8 20 theme mRNAs 1347:1351 arg1 analysis 1315:1322 microarray analysis 1304:1322 microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs 1304:1351 Glycolipid analysis confirmed a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside in patient fibroblasts, while microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs detected modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 and greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways. 24026681 9 21 theme O-linked 1571:1578 arg1 glycans 1588:1594 N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans 1561:1594 N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans 1561:1594 Comprehensive glycomic analysis of N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans revealed collateral alterations in response to loss of complex gangliosides in patient fibroblasts and in zebrafish embryos injected with antisense morpholinos that targeted zebrafish st3gal5 expression. 24026681 10 22 theme brain 1885:1889 arg1 regions 1891:1897 multiple brain regions 1876:1897 multiple brain regions 1876:1897 Morphant zebrafish embryos also exhibited increased apoptotic cell death in multiple brain regions, emphasizing the importance of GSL expression in normal neural development and function. 24026681 9 23 theme GSL 1584:1586 arg1 glycans 1588:1594 N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans 1561:1594 N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans 1561:1594 Comprehensive glycomic analysis of N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans revealed collateral alterations in response to loss of complex gangliosides in patient fibroblasts and in zebrafish embryos injected with antisense morpholinos that targeted zebrafish st3gal5 expression. 24026681 2 24 theme loss 504:507 arg1 regions 493:499 four shared regions 481:499 four shared regions of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) 481:531 High-density SNP array analysis performed on siblings first described with this syndrome detected four shared regions of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). 24026681 5 25 from syndromes 873:881 arg1 cohorts 896:902 two other cohorts 886:902 two other cohorts 886:902 A different homozygous mutation of this gene has been previously associated with infantile-onset epilepsy syndromes in two other cohorts. 24026681 8 26 theme ST3GAL5 1395:1401 arg1 changes 1415:1421 greater changes 1407:1421 greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways 1407:1523 Glycolipid analysis confirmed a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside in patient fibroblasts, while microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs detected modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 and greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways. 24026681 8 26 theme ST3GAL5 1395:1401 arg1 expression 1381:1390 modestly increased expression 1362:1390 modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 1362:1401 Glycolipid analysis confirmed a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside in patient fibroblasts, while microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs detected modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 and greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways. 24026681 5 27 theme different 769:777 arg1 mutation 790:797 A different homozygous mutation 767:797 A different homozygous mutation of this gene 767:810 A different homozygous mutation of this gene has been previously associated with infantile-onset epilepsy syndromes in two other cohorts. 24026681 1 28 theme dysmorphic 323:332 arg1 features 341:348 dysmorphic facial features 323:348 dysmorphic facial features 323:348 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, scoliosis, choreoathetosis, dysmorphic facial features and altered dermal pigmentation. 24026681 9 29 link N-linked 1561:1568 arg1 glycans 1588:1594 N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans 1561:1594 N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans 1561:1594 Comprehensive glycomic analysis of N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans revealed collateral alterations in response to loss of complex gangliosides in patient fibroblasts and in zebrafish embryos injected with antisense morpholinos that targeted zebrafish st3gal5 expression. 24026681 6 30 theme sialic 1011:1016 arg1 acid 1018:1021 sialic acid 1011:1021 sialic acid 1011:1021 The ST3GAL5 enzyme synthesizes ganglioside GM3, a glycosophingolipid enriched in neural tissue, by adding sialic acid to lactosylceramide. 24026681 10 31 theme neural 1955:1960 arg1 development 1962:1972 normal neural development 1948:1972 normal neural development 1948:1972 Morphant zebrafish embryos also exhibited increased apoptotic cell death in multiple brain regions, emphasizing the importance of GSL expression in normal neural development and function. 24026681 8 32 theme greater 1407:1413 arg1 changes 1415:1421 greater changes 1407:1421 greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways 1407:1523 Glycolipid analysis confirmed a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside in patient fibroblasts, while microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs detected modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 and greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways. 24026681 0 33 theme salt 69:72 arg1 disorder 110:117 a neurocutaneous disorder 93:117 a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation 93:172 A mutation in a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, ST3GAL5, results in salt & pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation. 24026681 0 33 theme salt 69:72 arg1 syndrome 83:90 salt & pepper syndrome 69:90 salt & pepper syndrome 69:90 A mutation in a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, ST3GAL5, results in salt & pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation. 24026681 2 34 theme heterozygosity 512:525 arg1 loss 504:507 loss 504:507 loss of heterozygosity (LOH) 504:531 High-density SNP array analysis performed on siblings first described with this syndrome detected four shared regions of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). 24026681 2 35 theme SNP 396:398 arg1 analysis 406:413 High-density SNP array analysis 383:413 High-density SNP array analysis performed on siblings first described with this syndrome 383:470 High-density SNP array analysis performed on siblings first described with this syndrome detected four shared regions of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). 24026681 0 36 theme pepper 76:81 arg1 disorder 110:117 a neurocutaneous disorder 93:117 a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation 93:172 A mutation in a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, ST3GAL5, results in salt & pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation. 24026681 0 36 theme pepper 76:81 arg1 syndrome 83:90 salt & pepper syndrome 69:90 salt & pepper syndrome 69:90 A mutation in a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, ST3GAL5, results in salt & pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation. 24026681 1 37 theme altered 354:360 arg1 pigmentation 369:380 altered dermal pigmentation 354:380 altered dermal pigmentation 354:380 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, scoliosis, choreoathetosis, dysmorphic facial features and altered dermal pigmentation. 24026681 0 38 theme biosynthetic 28:39 arg1 enzyme 41:46 a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme 14:46 a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme 14:46 A mutation in a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, ST3GAL5, results in salt & pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation. 24026681 1 39 theme severe 253:258 arg1 disability 273:282 severe intellectual disability 253:282 severe intellectual disability 253:282 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, scoliosis, choreoathetosis, dysmorphic facial features and altered dermal pigmentation. 24026681 8 40 from expression 1381:1390 arg1 transcripts 1426:1436 transcripts 1426:1436 transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways 1426:1523 Glycolipid analysis confirmed a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside in patient fibroblasts, while microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs detected modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 and greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways. 24026681 9 41 theme complex 1651:1657 arg1 gangliosides 1659:1670 complex gangliosides 1651:1670 complex gangliosides 1651:1670 Comprehensive glycomic analysis of N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans revealed collateral alterations in response to loss of complex gangliosides in patient fibroblasts and in zebrafish embryos injected with antisense morpholinos that targeted zebrafish st3gal5 expression. 24026681 4 42 theme GM3 753:755 arg1 synthase 757:764 GM3 synthase 753:764 GM3 synthase 753:764 Sanger sequencing confirmed a homozygous c.994G>A transition (p.E332K) in the ST3GAL5 gene, which encodes for a sialyltransferase also known as GM3 synthase. 24026681 7 43 theme biosynthesis 1195:1206 arg1 consequences 1167:1178 the molecular and pathophysiologic consequences 1132:1178 the molecular and pathophysiologic consequences of altered GSL biosynthesis 1132:1206 Unlike disorders of glycosphingolipid (GSL) degradation, very little is known regarding the molecular and pathophysiologic consequences of altered GSL biosynthesis. 24026681 7 44 theme altered 1183:1189 arg1 biosynthesis 1195:1206 altered GSL biosynthesis 1183:1206 altered GSL biosynthesis 1183:1206 Unlike disorders of glycosphingolipid (GSL) degradation, very little is known regarding the molecular and pathophysiologic consequences of altered GSL biosynthesis. 24026681 0 45 theme ganglioside 16:26 arg1 enzyme 41:46 a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme 14:46 a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme 14:46 A mutation in a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, ST3GAL5, results in salt & pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation. 24026681 8 46 theme ST3GAL5 1478:1484 arg1 downstream 1464:1473 downstream 1464:1473 downstream 1464:1473 Glycolipid analysis confirmed a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside in patient fibroblasts, while microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs detected modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 and greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways. 24026681 10 47 theme zebrafish 1809:1817 arg1 embryos 1819:1825 Morphant zebrafish embryos 1800:1825 Morphant zebrafish embryos 1800:1825 Morphant zebrafish embryos also exhibited increased apoptotic cell death in multiple brain regions, emphasizing the importance of GSL expression in normal neural development and function. 24026681 8 48 from changes 1415:1421 arg1 transcripts 1426:1436 transcripts 1426:1436 transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways 1426:1523 Glycolipid analysis confirmed a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside in patient fibroblasts, while microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs detected modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 and greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways. 24026681 9 49 link O-linked 1571:1578 arg1 glycans 1588:1594 N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans 1561:1594 N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans 1561:1594 Comprehensive glycomic analysis of N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans revealed collateral alterations in response to loss of complex gangliosides in patient fibroblasts and in zebrafish embryos injected with antisense morpholinos that targeted zebrafish st3gal5 expression. 24026681 4 50 theme ST3GAL5 687:693 arg1 gene 695:698 the ST3GAL5 gene 683:698 the ST3GAL5 gene 683:698 Sanger sequencing confirmed a homozygous c.994G>A transition (p.E332K) in the ST3GAL5 gene, which encodes for a sialyltransferase also known as GM3 synthase. 24026681 4 51 theme Sanger 609:614 arg1 sequencing 616:625 Sanger sequencing 609:625 Sanger sequencing 609:625 Sanger sequencing confirmed a homozygous c.994G>A transition (p.E332K) in the ST3GAL5 gene, which encodes for a sialyltransferase also known as GM3 synthase. 24026681 8 52 theme GSL 1499:1501 arg1 pathways 1516:1523 other GSL biosynthetic pathways 1493:1523 other GSL biosynthetic pathways 1493:1523 Glycolipid analysis confirmed a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside in patient fibroblasts, while microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs detected modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 and greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways. 24026681 10 53 theme cell 1862:1865 arg1 death 1867:1871 increased apoptotic cell death 1842:1871 increased apoptotic cell death 1842:1871 Morphant zebrafish embryos also exhibited increased apoptotic cell death in multiple brain regions, emphasizing the importance of GSL expression in normal neural development and function. 24026681 4 54 theme c.994G>A 650:657 arg1 transition 659:668 a homozygous c.994G>A transition 637:668 a homozygous c.994G>A transition (p.E332K) 637:678 Sanger sequencing confirmed a homozygous c.994G>A transition (p.E332K) in the ST3GAL5 gene, which encodes for a sialyltransferase also known as GM3 synthase. 24026681 4 54 theme c.994G>A 650:657 arg1 p.E332K 671:677 p.E332K 671:677 p.E332K 671:677 Sanger sequencing confirmed a homozygous c.994G>A transition (p.E332K) in the ST3GAL5 gene, which encodes for a sialyltransferase also known as GM3 synthase. 24026681 7 55 theme molecular 1136:1144 arg1 consequences 1167:1178 the molecular and pathophysiologic consequences 1132:1178 the molecular and pathophysiologic consequences of altered GSL biosynthesis 1132:1206 Unlike disorders of glycosphingolipid (GSL) degradation, very little is known regarding the molecular and pathophysiologic consequences of altered GSL biosynthesis. 24026681 10 56 theme increased 1842:1850 arg1 death 1867:1871 increased apoptotic cell death 1842:1871 increased apoptotic cell death 1842:1871 Morphant zebrafish embryos also exhibited increased apoptotic cell death in multiple brain regions, emphasizing the importance of GSL expression in normal neural development and function. 24026681 1 57 theme recessive 216:224 arg1 condition 226:234 an autosomal recessive condition 203:234 an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, scoliosis, choreoathetosis, dysmorphic facial features and altered dermal pigmentation 203:380 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, scoliosis, choreoathetosis, dysmorphic facial features and altered dermal pigmentation. 24026681 1 57 theme recessive 216:224 arg1 syndrome 191:198 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome 175:198 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome 175:198 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, scoliosis, choreoathetosis, dysmorphic facial features and altered dermal pigmentation. 24026681 3 58 theme Whole-exome 534:544 arg1 sequencing 546:555 Whole-exome sequencing 534:555 Whole-exome sequencing 534:555 Whole-exome sequencing narrowed the candidate region to chromosome 2p11.2. 24026681 6 59 theme ST3GAL5 909:915 arg1 enzyme 917:922 The ST3GAL5 enzyme 905:922 The ST3GAL5 enzyme 905:922 The ST3GAL5 enzyme synthesizes ganglioside GM3, a glycosophingolipid enriched in neural tissue, by adding sialic acid to lactosylceramide. 24026681 0 60 gly glycoprotein 147:158 arg1 glycoprotein 147:158 glycoprotein glycosylation 147:172 glycoprotein glycosylation 147:172 A mutation in a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, ST3GAL5, results in salt & pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation. 24026681 9 61 theme st3gal5 1780:1786 arg1 expression 1788:1797 zebrafish st3gal5 expression 1770:1797 zebrafish st3gal5 expression 1770:1797 Comprehensive glycomic analysis of N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans revealed collateral alterations in response to loss of complex gangliosides in patient fibroblasts and in zebrafish embryos injected with antisense morpholinos that targeted zebrafish st3gal5 expression. 24026681 3 62 theme candidate 570:578 arg1 region 580:585 the candidate region 566:585 the candidate region 566:585 Whole-exome sequencing narrowed the candidate region to chromosome 2p11.2. 24026681 7 63 theme degradation 1088:1098 arg1 disorders 1051:1059 disorders 1051:1059 disorders of glycosphingolipid (GSL) degradation 1051:1098 Unlike disorders of glycosphingolipid (GSL) degradation, very little is known regarding the molecular and pathophysiologic consequences of altered GSL biosynthesis. 24026681 9 64 theme glycomic 1540:1547 arg1 analysis 1549:1556 Comprehensive glycomic analysis 1526:1556 Comprehensive glycomic analysis of N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans 1526:1594 Comprehensive glycomic analysis of N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans revealed collateral alterations in response to loss of complex gangliosides in patient fibroblasts and in zebrafish embryos injected with antisense morpholinos that targeted zebrafish st3gal5 expression. 24026681 6 65 theme neural 986:991 arg1 tissue 993:998 neural tissue 986:998 neural tissue 986:998 The ST3GAL5 enzyme synthesizes ganglioside GM3, a glycosophingolipid enriched in neural tissue, by adding sialic acid to lactosylceramide. 24026681 4 66 theme homozygous 639:648 arg1 transition 659:668 a homozygous c.994G>A transition 637:668 a homozygous c.994G>A transition (p.E332K) 637:678 Sanger sequencing confirmed a homozygous c.994G>A transition (p.E332K) in the ST3GAL5 gene, which encodes for a sialyltransferase also known as GM3 synthase. 24026681 4 66 theme homozygous 639:648 arg1 p.E332K 671:677 p.E332K 671:677 p.E332K 671:677 Sanger sequencing confirmed a homozygous c.994G>A transition (p.E332K) in the ST3GAL5 gene, which encodes for a sialyltransferase also known as GM3 synthase. 24026681 7 67 theme GSL 1083:1085 arg1 degradation 1088:1098 glycosphingolipid (GSL) degradation 1064:1098 glycosphingolipid (GSL) degradation 1064:1098 Unlike disorders of glycosphingolipid (GSL) degradation, very little is known regarding the molecular and pathophysiologic consequences of altered GSL biosynthesis. 24026681 10 68 theme expression 1934:1943 arg1 importance 1916:1925 the importance 1912:1925 the importance of GSL expression in normal neural development and function 1912:1985 Morphant zebrafish embryos also exhibited increased apoptotic cell death in multiple brain regions, emphasizing the importance of GSL expression in normal neural development and function. 24026681 5 69 theme other 890:894 arg1 cohorts 896:902 two other cohorts 886:902 two other cohorts 886:902 A different homozygous mutation of this gene has been previously associated with infantile-onset epilepsy syndromes in two other cohorts. 24026681 5 70 theme infantile-onset 848:862 arg1 syndromes 873:881 infantile-onset epilepsy syndromes 848:881 infantile-onset epilepsy syndromes in two other cohorts 848:902 A different homozygous mutation of this gene has been previously associated with infantile-onset epilepsy syndromes in two other cohorts. 24026681 7 71 theme glycosphingolipid 1064:1080 arg1 degradation 1088:1098 glycosphingolipid (GSL) degradation 1064:1098 glycosphingolipid (GSL) degradation 1064:1098 Unlike disorders of glycosphingolipid (GSL) degradation, very little is known regarding the molecular and pathophysiologic consequences of altered GSL biosynthesis. 24026681 8 72 theme GM3 1258:1260 arg1 ganglioside 1262:1272 GM3 ganglioside 1258:1272 GM3 ganglioside 1258:1272 Glycolipid analysis confirmed a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside in patient fibroblasts, while microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs detected modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 and greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways. 24026681 8 73 theme glycosyltransferase 1327:1345 arg1 mRNAs 1347:1351 glycosyltransferase mRNAs 1327:1351 glycosyltransferase mRNAs 1327:1351 Glycolipid analysis confirmed a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside in patient fibroblasts, while microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs detected modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 and greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways. 24026681 0 74 with disorder 110:117 arg1 glycolipid 132:141 altered glycolipid 124:141 altered glycolipid 124:141 A mutation in a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, ST3GAL5, results in salt & pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation. 24026681 0 74 with disorder 110:117 arg1 glycosylation 160:172 glycoprotein glycosylation 147:172 glycoprotein glycosylation 147:172 A mutation in a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, ST3GAL5, results in salt & pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation. 24026681 10 75 theme normal 1948:1953 arg1 development 1962:1972 normal neural development 1948:1972 normal neural development 1948:1972 Morphant zebrafish embryos also exhibited increased apoptotic cell death in multiple brain regions, emphasizing the importance of GSL expression in normal neural development and function. 24026681 1 76 theme Salt 176:179 arg1 condition 226:234 an autosomal recessive condition 203:234 an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, scoliosis, choreoathetosis, dysmorphic facial features and altered dermal pigmentation 203:380 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, scoliosis, choreoathetosis, dysmorphic facial features and altered dermal pigmentation. 24026681 1 76 theme Salt 176:179 arg1 syndrome 191:198 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome 175:198 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome 175:198 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, scoliosis, choreoathetosis, dysmorphic facial features and altered dermal pigmentation. 24026681 9 77 theme glycans 1588:1594 arg1 analysis 1549:1556 Comprehensive glycomic analysis 1526:1556 Comprehensive glycomic analysis of N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans 1526:1594 Comprehensive glycomic analysis of N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans revealed collateral alterations in response to loss of complex gangliosides in patient fibroblasts and in zebrafish embryos injected with antisense morpholinos that targeted zebrafish st3gal5 expression. 24026681 8 78 theme increased 1371:1379 arg1 expression 1381:1390 modestly increased expression 1362:1390 modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 1362:1401 Glycolipid analysis confirmed a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside in patient fibroblasts, while microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs detected modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 and greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways. 24026681 8 79 from pathways 1516:1523 arg1 downstream 1464:1473 downstream 1464:1473 downstream 1464:1473 Glycolipid analysis confirmed a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside in patient fibroblasts, while microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs detected modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 and greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways. 24026681 9 80 theme collateral 1605:1614 arg1 alterations 1616:1626 collateral alterations 1605:1626 collateral alterations 1605:1626 Comprehensive glycomic analysis of N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans revealed collateral alterations in response to loss of complex gangliosides in patient fibroblasts and in zebrafish embryos injected with antisense morpholinos that targeted zebrafish st3gal5 expression. 24026681 2 81 theme shared 486:491 arg1 regions 493:499 four shared regions 481:499 four shared regions of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) 481:531 High-density SNP array analysis performed on siblings first described with this syndrome detected four shared regions of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). 24026681 0 82 from mutation 2:9 arg1 enzyme 41:46 a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme 14:46 a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme 14:46 A mutation in a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, ST3GAL5, results in salt & pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation. 24026681 0 83 theme & 74:74 arg1 disorder 110:117 a neurocutaneous disorder 93:117 a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation 93:172 A mutation in a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, ST3GAL5, results in salt & pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation. 24026681 0 83 theme & 74:74 arg1 syndrome 83:90 salt & pepper syndrome 69:90 salt & pepper syndrome 69:90 A mutation in a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, ST3GAL5, results in salt & pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation. 24026681 1 84 theme facial 334:339 arg1 features 341:348 dysmorphic facial features 323:348 dysmorphic facial features 323:348 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, scoliosis, choreoathetosis, dysmorphic facial features and altered dermal pigmentation. 24026681 10 85 from importance 1916:1925 arg1 function 1978:1985 function 1978:1985 function 1978:1985 Morphant zebrafish embryos also exhibited increased apoptotic cell death in multiple brain regions, emphasizing the importance of GSL expression in normal neural development and function. 24026681 10 85 from importance 1916:1925 arg1 development 1962:1972 normal neural development 1948:1972 normal neural development 1948:1972 Morphant zebrafish embryos also exhibited increased apoptotic cell death in multiple brain regions, emphasizing the importance of GSL expression in normal neural development and function. 24026681 2 86 theme High-density 383:394 arg1 analysis 406:413 High-density SNP array analysis 383:413 High-density SNP array analysis performed on siblings first described with this syndrome 383:470 High-density SNP array analysis performed on siblings first described with this syndrome detected four shared regions of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). 24026681 5 87 theme gene 807:810 arg1 mutation 790:797 A different homozygous mutation 767:797 A different homozygous mutation of this gene 767:810 A different homozygous mutation of this gene has been previously associated with infantile-onset epilepsy syndromes in two other cohorts. 24026681 1 88 theme dermal 362:367 arg1 pigmentation 369:380 altered dermal pigmentation 354:380 altered dermal pigmentation 354:380 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, scoliosis, choreoathetosis, dysmorphic facial features and altered dermal pigmentation. 24026681 7 89 theme GSL 1191:1193 arg1 biosynthesis 1195:1206 altered GSL biosynthesis 1183:1206 altered GSL biosynthesis 1183:1206 Unlike disorders of glycosphingolipid (GSL) degradation, very little is known regarding the molecular and pathophysiologic consequences of altered GSL biosynthesis. 24026681 1 90 theme intellectual 260:271 arg1 disability 273:282 severe intellectual disability 253:282 severe intellectual disability 253:282 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, scoliosis, choreoathetosis, dysmorphic facial features and altered dermal pigmentation. 24026681 9 91 theme gangliosides 1659:1670 arg1 loss 1643:1646 loss 1643:1646 loss of complex gangliosides 1643:1670 Comprehensive glycomic analysis of N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans revealed collateral alterations in response to loss of complex gangliosides in patient fibroblasts and in zebrafish embryos injected with antisense morpholinos that targeted zebrafish st3gal5 expression. 24026681 5 92 theme homozygous 779:788 arg1 mutation 790:797 A different homozygous mutation 767:797 A different homozygous mutation of this gene 767:810 A different homozygous mutation of this gene has been previously associated with infantile-onset epilepsy syndromes in two other cohorts. 24026681 1 93 theme Pepper 183:188 arg1 condition 226:234 an autosomal recessive condition 203:234 an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, scoliosis, choreoathetosis, dysmorphic facial features and altered dermal pigmentation 203:380 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, scoliosis, choreoathetosis, dysmorphic facial features and altered dermal pigmentation. 24026681 1 93 theme Pepper 183:188 arg1 syndrome 191:198 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome 175:198 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome 175:198 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, scoliosis, choreoathetosis, dysmorphic facial features and altered dermal pigmentation. 24026681 9 94 theme patient 1675:1681 arg1 fibroblasts 1683:1693 patient fibroblasts 1675:1693 patient fibroblasts 1675:1693 Comprehensive glycomic analysis of N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans revealed collateral alterations in response to loss of complex gangliosides in patient fibroblasts and in zebrafish embryos injected with antisense morpholinos that targeted zebrafish st3gal5 expression. 24026681 2 95 theme array 400:404 arg1 analysis 406:413 High-density SNP array analysis 383:413 High-density SNP array analysis performed on siblings first described with this syndrome 383:470 High-density SNP array analysis performed on siblings first described with this syndrome detected four shared regions of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). 24026681 7 96 theme pathophysiologic 1150:1165 arg1 consequences 1167:1178 the molecular and pathophysiologic consequences 1132:1178 the molecular and pathophysiologic consequences of altered GSL biosynthesis 1132:1206 Unlike disorders of glycosphingolipid (GSL) degradation, very little is known regarding the molecular and pathophysiologic consequences of altered GSL biosynthesis. 24026681 9 97 theme zebrafish 1702:1710 arg1 embryos 1712:1718 zebrafish embryos 1702:1718 zebrafish embryos injected with antisense morpholinos that targeted zebrafish st3gal5 expression 1702:1797 Comprehensive glycomic analysis of N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans revealed collateral alterations in response to loss of complex gangliosides in patient fibroblasts and in zebrafish embryos injected with antisense morpholinos that targeted zebrafish st3gal5 expression. 24026681 10 98 theme Morphant 1800:1807 arg1 embryos 1819:1825 Morphant zebrafish embryos 1800:1825 Morphant zebrafish embryos 1800:1825 Morphant zebrafish embryos also exhibited increased apoptotic cell death in multiple brain regions, emphasizing the importance of GSL expression in normal neural development and function. 24026681 5 99 theme epilepsy 864:871 arg1 syndromes 873:881 infantile-onset epilepsy syndromes 848:881 infantile-onset epilepsy syndromes in two other cohorts 848:902 A different homozygous mutation of this gene has been previously associated with infantile-onset epilepsy syndromes in two other cohorts. 24026681 8 100 theme other 1493:1497 arg1 pathways 1516:1523 other GSL biosynthetic pathways 1493:1523 other GSL biosynthetic pathways 1493:1523 Glycolipid analysis confirmed a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside in patient fibroblasts, while microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs detected modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 and greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways. 24026681 10 101 theme apoptotic 1852:1860 arg1 death 1867:1871 increased apoptotic cell death 1842:1871 increased apoptotic cell death 1842:1871 Morphant zebrafish embryos also exhibited increased apoptotic cell death in multiple brain regions, emphasizing the importance of GSL expression in normal neural development and function. 24026681 1 102 theme autosomal 206:214 arg1 condition 226:234 an autosomal recessive condition 203:234 an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, scoliosis, choreoathetosis, dysmorphic facial features and altered dermal pigmentation 203:380 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, scoliosis, choreoathetosis, dysmorphic facial features and altered dermal pigmentation. 24026681 1 102 theme autosomal 206:214 arg1 syndrome 191:198 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome 175:198 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome 175:198 'Salt & Pepper' syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, scoliosis, choreoathetosis, dysmorphic facial features and altered dermal pigmentation. 24132417 0 0 theme walls 75:79 arg1 Resin 0:4 Resin 0:4 Resin 0:4 Resin embedding, sectioning, and immunocytochemical analyses of plant cell walls in hard tissues. 24132417 0 0 theme walls 75:79 arg1 sectioning 17:26 sectioning 17:26 sectioning 17:26 Resin embedding, sectioning, and immunocytochemical analyses of plant cell walls in hard tissues. 24132417 0 0 theme walls 75:79 arg1 analyses 52:59 immunocytochemical analyses 33:59 immunocytochemical analyses of plant cell walls in hard tissues 33:95 Resin embedding, sectioning, and immunocytochemical analyses of plant cell walls in hard tissues. 24132417 3 1 from tissues 662:668 arg1 complexity 607:616 the complexity 603:616 the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds 603:678 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 1 2 theme macromolecular 140:153 arg1 walls 109:113 Plant cell walls 98:113 Plant cell walls 98:113 Plant cell walls are structurally diverse macromolecular composites. 24132417 1 2 theme macromolecular 140:153 arg1 composites 155:164 structurally diverse macromolecular composites 119:164 structurally diverse macromolecular composites 119:164 Plant cell walls are structurally diverse macromolecular composites. 24132417 0 3 theme cell 70:73 arg1 walls 75:79 plant cell walls 64:79 plant cell walls 64:79 Resin embedding, sectioning, and immunocytochemical analyses of plant cell walls in hard tissues. 24132417 2 4 theme carbohydrate-binding 336:355 arg1 module 357:362 carbohydrate-binding module 336:362 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) 336:368 One of our best methodologies to determine the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development are monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes and their detection by immunofluorescence microscopy. 24132417 2 4 theme carbohydrate-binding 336:355 arg1 CBM 365:367 CBM 365:367 CBM 365:367 One of our best methodologies to determine the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development are monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes and their detection by immunofluorescence microscopy. 24132417 0 5 theme hard 84:87 arg1 tissues 89:95 hard tissues 84:95 hard tissues 84:95 Resin embedding, sectioning, and immunocytochemical analyses of plant cell walls in hard tissues. 24132417 0 6 from Resin 0:4 arg1 tissues 89:95 hard tissues 84:95 hard tissues 84:95 Resin embedding, sectioning, and immunocytochemical analyses of plant cell walls in hard tissues. 24132417 3 7 theme immunocytochemical 553:570 arg1 analyses 572:579 immunocytochemical analyses 553:579 immunocytochemical analyses 553:579 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 0 8 from analyses 52:59 arg1 tissues 89:95 hard tissues 84:95 hard tissues 84:95 Resin embedding, sectioning, and immunocytochemical analyses of plant cell walls in hard tissues. 24132417 2 9 theme module 357:362 arg1 methodologies 183:195 our best methodologies 174:195 our best methodologies 174:195 One of our best methodologies to determine the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development are monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes and their detection by immunofluorescence microscopy. 24132417 2 9 theme module 357:362 arg1 probes 370:375 monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes 306:375 monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes 306:375 One of our best methodologies to determine the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development are monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes and their detection by immunofluorescence microscopy. 24132417 2 9 theme module 357:362 arg1 One 167:169 One 167:169 One 167:169 One of our best methodologies to determine the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development are monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes and their detection by immunofluorescence microscopy. 24132417 3 10 theme in 481:482 arg1 disassembly 522:532 in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly 481:532 in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly 481:532 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 3 11 theme wall 517:520 arg1 disassembly 522:532 in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly 481:532 in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly 481:532 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 3 12 from architecture 641:652 arg1 seeds 674:678 seeds 674:678 seeds 674:678 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 3 12 from architecture 641:652 arg1 tissues 662:668 hard tissues 657:668 hard tissues 657:668 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 3 13 from seeds 674:678 arg1 complexity 607:616 the complexity 603:616 the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds 603:678 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 2 14 theme polysaccharides 259:273 arg1 regulation 235:244 the temporal and spatial regulation 210:244 the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development 210:300 One of our best methodologies to determine the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development are monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes and their detection by immunofluorescence microscopy. 24132417 3 15 from complexity 607:616 arg1 seeds 674:678 seeds 674:678 seeds 674:678 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 3 15 from complexity 607:616 arg1 tissues 662:668 hard tissues 657:668 hard tissues 657:668 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 3 16 with use 544:546 arg1 analyses 572:579 immunocytochemical analyses 553:579 immunocytochemical analyses 553:579 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 2 17 theme antibody 317:324 arg1 methodologies 183:195 our best methodologies 174:195 our best methodologies 174:195 One of our best methodologies to determine the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development are monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes and their detection by immunofluorescence microscopy. 24132417 2 17 theme antibody 317:324 arg1 probes 370:375 monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes 306:375 monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes 306:375 One of our best methodologies to determine the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development are monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes and their detection by immunofluorescence microscopy. 24132417 2 17 theme antibody 317:324 arg1 One 167:169 One 167:169 One 167:169 One of our best methodologies to determine the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development are monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes and their detection by immunofluorescence microscopy. 24132417 3 18 theme hard 657:660 arg1 tissues 662:668 hard tissues 657:668 hard tissues 657:668 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 2 19 theme monoclonal 306:315 arg1 MAB 327:329 MAB 327:329 MAB 327:329 One of our best methodologies to determine the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development are monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes and their detection by immunofluorescence microscopy. 24132417 2 19 theme monoclonal 306:315 arg1 antibody 317:324 monoclonal antibody 306:324 monoclonal antibody (MAB) 306:330 One of our best methodologies to determine the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development are monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes and their detection by immunofluorescence microscopy. 24132417 3 20 with resin 448:452 arg1 analyses 572:579 immunocytochemical analyses 553:579 immunocytochemical analyses 553:579 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 2 21 from regulation 235:244 arg1 relation 278:285 relation 278:285 relation to development 278:300 One of our best methodologies to determine the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development are monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes and their detection by immunofluorescence microscopy. 24132417 3 22 dep in 481:482 arg1 situ 484:487 situ 484:487 situ 484:487 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 3 23 theme molecular 631:639 arg1 architecture 641:652 cell wall molecular architecture 621:652 cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds 621:678 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 2 24 theme immunofluorescence 400:417 arg1 microscopy 419:428 immunofluorescence microscopy 400:428 immunofluorescence microscopy 400:428 One of our best methodologies to determine the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development are monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes and their detection by immunofluorescence microscopy. 24132417 3 25 theme chemical 489:496 arg1 disassembly 522:532 in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly 481:532 in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly 481:532 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 3 26 theme architecture 641:652 arg1 complexity 607:616 the complexity 603:616 the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds 603:678 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 2 27 theme spatial 227:233 arg1 regulation 235:244 the temporal and spatial regulation 210:244 the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development 210:300 One of our best methodologies to determine the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development are monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes and their detection by immunofluorescence microscopy. 24132417 3 28 theme cell 621:624 arg1 architecture 641:652 cell wall molecular architecture 621:652 cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds 621:678 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 3 29 theme wall 626:629 arg1 architecture 641:652 cell wall molecular architecture 621:652 cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds 621:678 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 2 30 theme temporal 214:221 arg1 regulation 235:244 the temporal and spatial regulation 210:244 the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development 210:300 One of our best methodologies to determine the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development are monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes and their detection by immunofluorescence microscopy. 24132417 1 31 theme Plant 98:102 arg1 walls 109:113 Plant cell walls 98:113 Plant cell walls 98:113 Plant cell walls are structurally diverse macromolecular composites. 24132417 1 31 theme Plant 98:102 arg1 composites 155:164 structurally diverse macromolecular composites 119:164 structurally diverse macromolecular composites 119:164 Plant cell walls are structurally diverse macromolecular composites. 24132417 0 32 theme immunocytochemical 33:50 arg1 analyses 52:59 immunocytochemical analyses 33:59 immunocytochemical analyses of plant cell walls in hard tissues 33:95 Resin embedding, sectioning, and immunocytochemical analyses of plant cell walls in hard tissues. 24132417 1 33 theme cell 104:107 arg1 walls 109:113 Plant cell walls 98:113 Plant cell walls 98:113 Plant cell walls are structurally diverse macromolecular composites. 24132417 1 33 theme cell 104:107 arg1 composites 155:164 structurally diverse macromolecular composites 119:164 structurally diverse macromolecular composites 119:164 Plant cell walls are structurally diverse macromolecular composites. 24132417 3 34 dep resin 448:452 arg1 embedding 454:462 embedding 454:462 embedding 454:462 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 3 34 dep resin 448:452 arg1 disassembly 522:532 in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly 481:532 in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly 481:532 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 3 34 dep resin 448:452 arg1 sectioning 465:474 sectioning 465:474 sectioning 465:474 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 2 35 theme wall 254:257 arg1 polysaccharides 259:273 cell wall polysaccharides 249:273 cell wall polysaccharides 249:273 One of our best methodologies to determine the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development are monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes and their detection by immunofluorescence microscopy. 24132417 2 36 theme methodologies 183:195 arg1 methodologies 183:195 our best methodologies 174:195 our best methodologies 174:195 One of our best methodologies to determine the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development are monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes and their detection by immunofluorescence microscopy. 24132417 2 36 theme methodologies 183:195 arg1 One 167:169 One 167:169 One 167:169 One of our best methodologies to determine the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development are monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes and their detection by immunofluorescence microscopy. 24132417 2 36 theme methodologies 183:195 arg1 probes 370:375 monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes 306:375 monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes 306:375 One of our best methodologies to determine the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development are monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes and their detection by immunofluorescence microscopy. 24132417 2 37 theme cell 249:252 arg1 polysaccharides 259:273 cell wall polysaccharides 249:273 cell wall polysaccharides 249:273 One of our best methodologies to determine the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development are monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes and their detection by immunofluorescence microscopy. 24132417 3 38 theme cell 512:515 arg1 disassembly 522:532 in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly 481:532 in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly 481:532 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 0 39 theme plant 64:68 arg1 walls 75:79 plant cell walls 64:79 plant cell walls 64:79 Resin embedding, sectioning, and immunocytochemical analyses of plant cell walls in hard tissues. 24132417 2 40 theme best 178:181 arg1 methodologies 183:195 our best methodologies 174:195 our best methodologies 174:195 One of our best methodologies to determine the temporal and spatial regulation of cell wall polysaccharides in relation to development are monoclonal antibody (MAB) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) probes and their detection by immunofluorescence microscopy. 24132417 3 41 theme enzymatic 502:510 arg1 disassembly 522:532 in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly 481:532 in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly 481:532 Here we describe resin embedding, sectioning, and in situ chemical and enzymatic cell wall disassembly and their use with immunocytochemical analyses as a means to unravel the complexity of cell wall molecular architecture in hard tissues and seeds. 24132417 0 42 from sectioning 17:26 arg1 tissues 89:95 hard tissues 84:95 hard tissues 84:95 Resin embedding, sectioning, and immunocytochemical analyses of plant cell walls in hard tissues. 24132417 0 43 dep Resin 0:4 arg1 embedding 6:14 embedding 6:14 embedding 6:14 Resin embedding, sectioning, and immunocytochemical analyses of plant cell walls in hard tissues. 24132417 1 44 theme diverse 132:138 arg1 walls 109:113 Plant cell walls 98:113 Plant cell walls 98:113 Plant cell walls are structurally diverse macromolecular composites. 24132417 1 44 theme diverse 132:138 arg1 composites 155:164 structurally diverse macromolecular composites 119:164 structurally diverse macromolecular composites 119:164 Plant cell walls are structurally diverse macromolecular composites. 25320181 4 0 theme gut 1071:1073 arg1 microbiota 1075:1084 the gut microbiota 1067:1084 the gut microbiota 1067:1084 Second, we examined the effects on the gut microbiota of dietary administration of DPC 6426 compared with placebo. 25320181 2 1 theme probiotic 386:394 arg1 cultures 410:417 exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures 358:417 exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures 358:417 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary administration of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice. 25320181 3 2 theme recombinant 589:599 arg1 338 686:688 recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 589:688 recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF) 589:770 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 7 3 theme triglyceride 1645:1656 arg1 concentrations 1658:1671 serum triglyceride concentrations 1639:1671 serum triglyceride concentrations 1639:1671 RESULTS Total cholesterol was reduced in serum (P < 0.001; ∼33-50%) and liver (P < 0.05; ∼30%) and serum triglyceride concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05; ∼15-25%) in mice supplemented with GTF or DPC 6426 compared with the PNZ or placebo group, respectively. 25320181 5 4 from units/d 1207:1213 arg1 strains 1171:1177 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains 1147:1177 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains at 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal 1147:1224 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains at 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal were administered to apoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk. 25320181 8 5 with intervention 1823:1834 arg1 GTF 1841:1843 GTF 1841:1843 GTF 1841:1843 In addition, dietary intervention with GTF led to increased amounts of fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) compared with all other groups. 25320181 6 6 theme aortic 1356:1361 arg1 development 1370:1380 aortic plaque development 1356:1380 aortic plaque development 1356:1380 At the end of the study, aortic plaque development and serum, liver, and fecal variables involved in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and culture-independent microbial analyses of cecal content were performed. 25320181 3 7 dep wt 1013:1014 arg1 trehalose 1020:1028 vol trehalose 1016:1028 vol trehalose 1016:1028 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 1 8 theme disease 216:222 arg1 risk 224:227 cardiovascular disease risk 201:227 cardiovascular disease risk 201:227 BACKGROUND Probiotic bacteria have been associated with a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk, a leading cause of death and disability. 25320181 1 8 theme disease 216:222 arg1 cause 240:244 a leading cause 230:244 a leading cause of death and disability 230:268 BACKGROUND Probiotic bacteria have been associated with a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk, a leading cause of death and disability. 25320181 3 9 theme mucosae 829:835 arg1 6426 876:879 naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 777:879 naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) 777:890 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 9 theme mucosae 829:835 arg1 DPC 882:884 DPC 6426 882:889 DPC 6426 882:889 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 10 theme National 644:651 arg1 338 686:688 recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 589:688 recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF) 589:770 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 6 11 theme lipid 1432:1436 arg1 metabolism 1438:1447 lipid metabolism 1432:1447 lipid metabolism 1432:1447 At the end of the study, aortic plaque development and serum, liver, and fecal variables involved in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and culture-independent microbial analyses of cecal content were performed. 25320181 3 12 theme exopolysaccharide-producing 787:813 arg1 6426 876:879 naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 777:879 naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) 777:890 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 12 theme exopolysaccharide-producing 787:813 arg1 DPC 882:884 DPC 6426 882:889 DPC 6426 882:889 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 13 theme Lactobacillus 620:632 arg1 338 686:688 recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 589:688 recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF) 589:770 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 1 14 theme leading 232:238 arg1 risk 224:227 cardiovascular disease risk 201:227 cardiovascular disease risk 201:227 BACKGROUND Probiotic bacteria have been associated with a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk, a leading cause of death and disability. 25320181 1 14 theme leading 232:238 arg1 cause 240:244 a leading cause 230:244 a leading cause of death and disability 230:268 BACKGROUND Probiotic bacteria have been associated with a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk, a leading cause of death and disability. 25320181 7 15 dep < 1689:1689 arg1 % 1703:1703 ∼15-25% 1697:1703 P < 0.05; ∼15-25% 1687:1703 RESULTS Total cholesterol was reduced in serum (P < 0.001; ∼33-50%) and liver (P < 0.05; ∼30%) and serum triglyceride concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05; ∼15-25%) in mice supplemented with GTF or DPC 6426 compared with the PNZ or placebo group, respectively. 25320181 3 16 theme Collection 859:868 arg1 6426 876:879 naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 777:879 naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) 777:890 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 16 theme Collection 859:868 arg1 DPC 882:884 DPC 6426 882:889 DPC 6426 882:889 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 7 17 theme Total 1548:1552 arg1 cholesterol 1554:1564 Total cholesterol 1548:1564 Total cholesterol 1548:1564 RESULTS Total cholesterol was reduced in serum (P < 0.001; ∼33-50%) and liver (P < 0.05; ∼30%) and serum triglyceride concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05; ∼15-25%) in mice supplemented with GTF or DPC 6426 compared with the PNZ or placebo group, respectively. 25320181 3 18 theme Product 843:849 arg1 6426 876:879 naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 777:879 naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) 777:890 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 18 theme Product 843:849 arg1 DPC 882:884 DPC 6426 882:889 DPC 6426 882:889 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 19 theme Biotechnology 658:670 arg1 338 686:688 recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 589:688 recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF) 589:770 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 6 20 theme cecal 1510:1514 arg1 content 1516:1522 cecal content 1510:1522 cecal content 1510:1522 At the end of the study, aortic plaque development and serum, liver, and fecal variables involved in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and culture-independent microbial analyses of cecal content were performed. 25320181 3 21 dep supplementation 568:582 arg1 response 548:555 response 548:555 response 548:555 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 22 theme non-β-glucan-producing 910:931 arg1 strain 950:955 the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose) 906:1029 the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose) 906:1029 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 10 23 theme CONCLUSION 2254:2263 arg1 Ingestion 2265:2273 CONCLUSION Ingestion 2254:2273 CONCLUSION Ingestion of exopolysaccharide-producing lactobacilli 2254:2317 CONCLUSION Ingestion of exopolysaccharide-producing lactobacilli resulted in seemingly favorable improvements in lipid metabolism, which were associated with changes in the gut microbiota of mice. 25320181 9 24 theme Porphyromonadaceae 2024:2041 arg1 prevalence 2010:2019 a greater prevalence 2000:2019 a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group 2000:2106 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 9 24 theme Porphyromonadaceae 2024:2041 arg1 proportions 2118:2128 lower proportions 2112:2128 lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) 2112:2219 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 9 25 theme Staphylococcaceae 2192:2208 arg1 prevalence 2010:2019 a greater prevalence 2000:2019 a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group 2000:2106 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 9 25 theme Staphylococcaceae 2192:2208 arg1 proportions 2118:2128 lower proportions 2112:2128 lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) 2112:2219 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 7 26 theme P 1619:1619 arg1 liver 1612:1616 liver 1612:1616 liver (P < 0.05; ∼30%) 1612:1633 RESULTS Total cholesterol was reduced in serum (P < 0.001; ∼33-50%) and liver (P < 0.05; ∼30%) and serum triglyceride concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05; ∼15-25%) in mice supplemented with GTF or DPC 6426 compared with the PNZ or placebo group, respectively. 25320181 7 26 theme P 1619:1619 arg1 < 1621:1621 P < 0.05 1619:1626 P < 0.05 1619:1626 RESULTS Total cholesterol was reduced in serum (P < 0.001; ∼33-50%) and liver (P < 0.05; ∼30%) and serum triglyceride concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05; ∼15-25%) in mice supplemented with GTF or DPC 6426 compared with the PNZ or placebo group, respectively. 25320181 8 27 theme increased 1852:1860 arg1 amounts 1862:1868 increased amounts 1852:1868 increased amounts of fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) 1852:1910 In addition, dietary intervention with GTF led to increased amounts of fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) compared with all other groups. 25320181 8 27 theme increased 1852:1860 arg1 excretion 1891:1899 fecal cholesterol excretion 1873:1899 fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) 1873:1910 In addition, dietary intervention with GTF led to increased amounts of fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) compared with all other groups. 25320181 8 27 theme increased 1852:1860 arg1 < 1904:1904 P < 0.05 1902:1909 P < 0.05 1902:1909 In addition, dietary intervention with GTF led to increased amounts of fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) compared with all other groups. 25320181 3 28 theme DPC 871:873 arg1 6426 876:879 naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 777:879 naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) 777:890 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 28 theme DPC 871:873 arg1 DPC 882:884 DPC 6426 882:889 DPC 6426 882:889 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 0 29 theme enteric 87:93 arg1 microbiota 95:104 enteric microbiota 87:104 enteric microbiota in ApoE-deficient mice 87:127 Exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacilli reduce serum cholesterol and modify enteric microbiota in ApoE-deficient mice. 25320181 5 30 theme Probiotic 1147:1155 arg1 strains 1171:1177 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains 1147:1177 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains at 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal 1147:1224 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains at 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal were administered to apoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk. 25320181 9 31 theme P 2211:2211 arg1 Staphylococcaceae 2192:2208 Staphylococcaceae 2192:2208 Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) 2192:2219 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 9 31 theme P 2211:2211 arg1 < 2213:2213 P < 0.01 2211:2218 P < 0.01 2211:2218 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 6 32 theme culture-independent 1468:1486 arg1 analyses 1498:1505 culture-independent microbial analyses 1468:1505 culture-independent microbial analyses of cecal content 1468:1522 At the end of the study, aortic plaque development and serum, liver, and fecal variables involved in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and culture-independent microbial analyses of cecal content were performed. 25320181 3 33 theme Lactobacillus 957:969 arg1 NFBC 981:984 Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 957:988 Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) 957:994 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 33 theme Lactobacillus 957:969 arg1 PNZ 991:993 PNZ 991:993 PNZ 991:993 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 5 34 theme colony-forming 1192:1205 arg1 units/d 1207:1213 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d 1182:1213 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal 1182:1224 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains at 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal were administered to apoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk. 25320181 7 35 dep < 1590:1590 arg1 % 1605:1605 ∼33-50% 1599:1605 ∼33-50% 1599:1605 RESULTS Total cholesterol was reduced in serum (P < 0.001; ∼33-50%) and liver (P < 0.05; ∼30%) and serum triglyceride concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05; ∼15-25%) in mice supplemented with GTF or DPC 6426 compared with the PNZ or placebo group, respectively. 25320181 10 36 theme lactobacilli 2306:2317 arg1 Ingestion 2265:2273 CONCLUSION Ingestion 2254:2273 CONCLUSION Ingestion of exopolysaccharide-producing lactobacilli 2254:2317 CONCLUSION Ingestion of exopolysaccharide-producing lactobacilli resulted in seemingly favorable improvements in lipid metabolism, which were associated with changes in the gut microbiota of mice. 25320181 1 37 from reduction 188:196 arg1 risk 224:227 cardiovascular disease risk 201:227 cardiovascular disease risk 201:227 BACKGROUND Probiotic bacteria have been associated with a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk, a leading cause of death and disability. 25320181 1 37 from reduction 188:196 arg1 cause 240:244 a leading cause 230:244 a leading cause of death and disability 230:268 BACKGROUND Probiotic bacteria have been associated with a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk, a leading cause of death and disability. 25320181 3 38 theme control 942:948 arg1 strain 950:955 the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose) 906:1029 the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose) 906:1029 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 10 39 theme mice 2445:2448 arg1 microbiota 2431:2440 the gut microbiota 2423:2440 the gut microbiota of mice 2423:2448 CONCLUSION Ingestion of exopolysaccharide-producing lactobacilli resulted in seemingly favorable improvements in lipid metabolism, which were associated with changes in the gut microbiota of mice. 25320181 7 40 theme serum 1639:1643 arg1 concentrations 1658:1671 serum triglyceride concentrations 1639:1671 serum triglyceride concentrations 1639:1671 RESULTS Total cholesterol was reduced in serum (P < 0.001; ∼33-50%) and liver (P < 0.05; ∼30%) and serum triglyceride concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05; ∼15-25%) in mice supplemented with GTF or DPC 6426 compared with the PNZ or placebo group, respectively. 25320181 9 41 from proportions 2118:2128 arg1 group 2102:2106 the DPC 6426 group 2089:2106 the DPC 6426 group 2089:2106 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 10 42 theme favorable 2341:2349 arg1 improvements 2351:2362 seemingly favorable improvements 2331:2362 seemingly favorable improvements in lipid metabolism, which were associated with changes in the gut microbiota of mice 2331:2448 CONCLUSION Ingestion of exopolysaccharide-producing lactobacilli resulted in seemingly favorable improvements in lipid metabolism, which were associated with changes in the gut microbiota of mice. 25320181 5 43 theme % 1306:1306 arg1 diet 1315:1318 a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet 1266:1318 a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk 1266:1328 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains at 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal were administered to apoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk. 25320181 5 43 theme % 1306:1306 arg1 wt 1311:1312 2% wt:wt 1305:1312 2% wt:wt 1305:1312 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains at 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal were administered to apoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk. 25320181 2 44 theme gut 443:445 arg1 microbiota 447:456 gut microbiota 443:456 gut microbiota 443:456 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary administration of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice. 25320181 8 45 theme dietary 1815:1821 arg1 intervention 1823:1834 dietary intervention 1815:1834 dietary intervention with GTF 1815:1843 In addition, dietary intervention with GTF led to increased amounts of fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) compared with all other groups. 25320181 7 46 dep RESULTS 1540:1546 arg1 reduced 1678:1684 reduced 1678:1684 reduced 1678:1684 RESULTS Total cholesterol was reduced in serum (P < 0.001; ∼33-50%) and liver (P < 0.05; ∼30%) and serum triglyceride concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05; ∼15-25%) in mice supplemented with GTF or DPC 6426 compared with the PNZ or placebo group, respectively. 25320181 7 46 dep RESULTS 1540:1546 arg1 reduced 1570:1576 reduced 1570:1576 was reduced in serum (P < 0.001; ∼33-50%) and liver (P < 0.05; ∼30%) 1566:1633 RESULTS Total cholesterol was reduced in serum (P < 0.001; ∼33-50%) and liver (P < 0.05; ∼30%) and serum triglyceride concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05; ∼15-25%) in mice supplemented with GTF or DPC 6426 compared with the PNZ or placebo group, respectively. 25320181 8 47 theme cholesterol 1879:1889 arg1 excretion 1891:1899 fecal cholesterol excretion 1873:1899 fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) 1873:1910 In addition, dietary intervention with GTF led to increased amounts of fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) compared with all other groups. 25320181 8 47 theme cholesterol 1879:1889 arg1 < 1904:1904 P < 0.05 1902:1909 P < 0.05 1902:1909 In addition, dietary intervention with GTF led to increased amounts of fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) compared with all other groups. 25320181 2 48 theme -deficient 484:493 arg1 mice 495:498 apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice 461:498 apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice 461:498 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary administration of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice. 25320181 9 49 theme Compositional 1944:1956 arg1 sequencing 1958:1967 Compositional sequencing 1944:1967 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota 1944:1989 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 9 50 theme = 2077:2077 arg1 P 2075:2075 P = 0.001 2075:2083 P = 0.001 2075:2083 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 9 50 theme = 2077:2077 arg1 Prevotellaceae 2059:2072 Prevotellaceae 2059:2072 Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) 2059:2084 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 0 51 theme Exopolysaccharide-producing 0:26 arg1 Lactobacilli 38:49 Exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacilli 0:49 Exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacilli 0:49 Exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacilli reduce serum cholesterol and modify enteric microbiota in ApoE-deficient mice. 25320181 7 52 theme P 1588:1588 arg1 serum 1581:1585 serum 1581:1585 serum (P < 0.001; ∼33-50%) 1581:1606 RESULTS Total cholesterol was reduced in serum (P < 0.001; ∼33-50%) and liver (P < 0.05; ∼30%) and serum triglyceride concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05; ∼15-25%) in mice supplemented with GTF or DPC 6426 compared with the PNZ or placebo group, respectively. 25320181 7 52 theme P 1588:1588 arg1 < 1590:1590 P < 0.001 1588:1596 P < 0.001 1588:1596 RESULTS Total cholesterol was reduced in serum (P < 0.001; ∼33-50%) and liver (P < 0.05; ∼30%) and serum triglyceride concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05; ∼15-25%) in mice supplemented with GTF or DPC 6426 compared with the PNZ or placebo group, respectively. 25320181 6 53 theme study 1349:1353 arg1 end 1338:1340 the end 1334:1340 the end of the study 1334:1353 At the end of the study, aortic plaque development and serum, liver, and fecal variables involved in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and culture-independent microbial analyses of cecal content were performed. 25320181 4 54 from effects 1056:1062 arg1 microbiota 1075:1084 the gut microbiota 1067:1084 the gut microbiota 1067:1084 Second, we examined the effects on the gut microbiota of dietary administration of DPC 6426 compared with placebo. 25320181 3 55 theme dietary 560:566 arg1 supplementation 568:582 dietary supplementation 560:582 dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF) 560:770 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 1 56 theme Probiotic 141:149 arg1 bacteria 151:158 BACKGROUND Probiotic bacteria 130:158 BACKGROUND Probiotic bacteria 130:158 BACKGROUND Probiotic bacteria have been associated with a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk, a leading cause of death and disability. 25320181 3 57 theme Gtf 726:728 arg1 gene 731:734 the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene 701:734 the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene 701:734 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 58 with supplementation 568:582 arg1 338 686:688 recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 589:688 recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF) 589:770 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 0 59 theme serum 58:62 arg1 cholesterol 64:74 serum cholesterol 58:74 serum cholesterol 58:74 Exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacilli reduce serum cholesterol and modify enteric microbiota in ApoE-deficient mice. 25320181 2 60 from metabolism 428:437 arg1 mice 495:498 apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice 461:498 apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice 461:498 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary administration of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice. 25320181 3 61 theme glycosyltransferase 705:723 arg1 gene 731:734 the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene 701:734 the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene 701:734 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 2 62 theme exopolysaccharide-producing 358:384 arg1 cultures 410:417 exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures 358:417 exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures 358:417 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary administration of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice. 25320181 3 63 theme Pediococcus 741:751 arg1 parvulus 753:760 Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 741:764 Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF) 741:770 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 63 theme Pediococcus 741:751 arg1 GTF 767:769 GTF 767:769 GTF 767:769 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 2 64 theme administration 340:353 arg1 impact 322:327 the impact 318:327 the impact of dietary administration of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice 318:498 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary administration of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice. 25320181 1 65 theme death 249:253 arg1 risk 224:227 cardiovascular disease risk 201:227 cardiovascular disease risk 201:227 BACKGROUND Probiotic bacteria have been associated with a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk, a leading cause of death and disability. 25320181 1 65 theme death 249:253 arg1 cause 240:244 a leading cause 230:244 a leading cause of death and disability 230:268 BACKGROUND Probiotic bacteria have been associated with a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk, a leading cause of death and disability. 25320181 7 66 theme P 1687:1687 arg1 < 1689:1689 P < 0.05 1687:1694 P < 0.05; ∼15-25% 1687:1703 RESULTS Total cholesterol was reduced in serum (P < 0.001; ∼33-50%) and liver (P < 0.05; ∼30%) and serum triglyceride concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05; ∼15-25%) in mice supplemented with GTF or DPC 6426 compared with the PNZ or placebo group, respectively. 25320181 8 67 theme other 1930:1934 arg1 groups 1936:1941 all other groups 1926:1941 all other groups 1926:1941 In addition, dietary intervention with GTF led to increased amounts of fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) compared with all other groups. 25320181 1 68 theme disability 259:268 arg1 risk 224:227 cardiovascular disease risk 201:227 cardiovascular disease risk 201:227 BACKGROUND Probiotic bacteria have been associated with a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk, a leading cause of death and disability. 25320181 1 68 theme disability 259:268 arg1 cause 240:244 a leading cause 230:244 a leading cause of death and disability 230:268 BACKGROUND Probiotic bacteria have been associated with a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk, a leading cause of death and disability. 25320181 3 69 theme vol 1016:1018 arg1 trehalose 1020:1028 vol trehalose 1016:1028 vol trehalose 1016:1028 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 9 70 from prevalence 2010:2019 arg1 group 2102:2106 the DPC 6426 group 2089:2106 the DPC 6426 group 2089:2106 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 2 71 theme Lactobacillus 396:408 arg1 cultures 410:417 exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures 358:417 exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures 358:417 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary administration of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice. 25320181 4 72 theme dietary 1089:1095 arg1 administration 1097:1110 dietary administration 1089:1110 dietary administration of DPC 6426 1089:1122 Second, we examined the effects on the gut microbiota of dietary administration of DPC 6426 compared with placebo. 25320181 9 73 theme P 2149:2149 arg1 Clostridiaceae 2133:2146 Clostridiaceae 2133:2146 Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05) 2133:2157 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 9 73 theme P 2149:2149 arg1 < 2151:2151 P < 0.05 2149:2156 P < 0.05 2149:2156 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 5 74 dep high-fat 1268:1275 arg1 % 1280:1280 60% fat 1278:1284 60% fat 1278:1284 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains at 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal were administered to apoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk. 25320181 9 75 theme 6426 2097:2100 arg1 group 2102:2106 the DPC 6426 group 2089:2106 the DPC 6426 group 2089:2106 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 2 76 theme study 298:302 arg1 aim 286:288 The aim 282:288 The aim of this study 282:302 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary administration of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice. 25320181 1 77 theme cardiovascular 201:214 arg1 risk 224:227 cardiovascular disease risk 201:227 cardiovascular disease risk 201:227 BACKGROUND Probiotic bacteria have been associated with a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk, a leading cause of death and disability. 25320181 1 77 theme cardiovascular 201:214 arg1 cause 240:244 a leading cause 230:244 a leading cause of death and disability 230:268 BACKGROUND Probiotic bacteria have been associated with a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk, a leading cause of death and disability. 25320181 10 78 from changes 2412:2418 arg1 microbiota 2431:2440 the gut microbiota 2423:2440 the gut microbiota of mice 2423:2448 CONCLUSION Ingestion of exopolysaccharide-producing lactobacilli resulted in seemingly favorable improvements in lipid metabolism, which were associated with changes in the gut microbiota of mice. 25320181 2 79 dep OBJECTIVES 271:280 arg1 was 304:306 was 304:306 was to assess the impact of dietary administration of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice 304:498 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary administration of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice. 25320181 3 80 theme paracasei 634:642 arg1 338 686:688 recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 589:688 recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF) 589:770 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 7 81 dep reduced 1678:1684 arg1 < 1689:1689 P < 0.05 1687:1694 P < 0.05; ∼15-25% 1687:1703 RESULTS Total cholesterol was reduced in serum (P < 0.001; ∼33-50%) and liver (P < 0.05; ∼30%) and serum triglyceride concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05; ∼15-25%) in mice supplemented with GTF or DPC 6426 compared with the PNZ or placebo group, respectively. 25320181 3 82 theme Dairy 837:841 arg1 6426 876:879 naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 777:879 naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) 777:890 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 82 theme Dairy 837:841 arg1 DPC 882:884 DPC 6426 882:889 DPC 6426 882:889 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 83 theme β-glucan-producing 601:618 arg1 338 686:688 recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 589:688 recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF) 589:770 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 9 84 theme Peptococcaceae 2160:2173 arg1 prevalence 2010:2019 a greater prevalence 2000:2019 a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group 2000:2106 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 9 84 theme Peptococcaceae 2160:2173 arg1 proportions 2118:2128 lower proportions 2112:2128 lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) 2112:2219 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 3 85 theme Lactobacillus 815:827 arg1 6426 876:879 naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 777:879 naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) 777:890 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 85 theme Lactobacillus 815:827 arg1 DPC 882:884 DPC 6426 882:889 DPC 6426 882:889 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 86 theme Centre 672:677 arg1 338 686:688 recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 589:688 recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF) 589:770 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 0 87 from microbiota 95:104 arg1 mice 124:127 ApoE-deficient mice 109:127 ApoE-deficient mice 109:127 Exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacilli reduce serum cholesterol and modify enteric microbiota in ApoE-deficient mice. 25320181 9 88 theme greater 2002:2008 arg1 prevalence 2010:2019 a greater prevalence 2000:2019 a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group 2000:2106 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 9 89 theme Clostridiaceae 2133:2146 arg1 prevalence 2010:2019 a greater prevalence 2000:2019 a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group 2000:2106 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 9 89 theme Clostridiaceae 2133:2146 arg1 proportions 2118:2128 lower proportions 2112:2128 lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) 2112:2219 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 9 90 theme gut 1976:1978 arg1 microbiota 1980:1989 the gut microbiota 1972:1989 the gut microbiota 1972:1989 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 3 91 theme Food 653:656 arg1 338 686:688 recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 589:688 recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF) 589:770 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 6 92 theme content 1516:1522 arg1 analyses 1498:1505 culture-independent microbial analyses 1468:1505 culture-independent microbial analyses of cecal content 1468:1522 At the end of the study, aortic plaque development and serum, liver, and fecal variables involved in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and culture-independent microbial analyses of cecal content were performed. 25320181 9 93 theme microbiota 1980:1989 arg1 sequencing 1958:1967 Compositional sequencing 1944:1967 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota 1944:1989 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 5 94 theme high-fat 1268:1275 arg1 diet 1315:1318 a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet 1266:1318 a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk 1266:1328 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains at 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal were administered to apoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk. 25320181 5 94 theme high-fat 1268:1275 arg1 wt 1311:1312 2% wt:wt 1305:1312 2% wt:wt 1305:1312 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains at 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal were administered to apoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk. 25320181 3 95 theme Culture 851:857 arg1 6426 876:879 naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 777:879 naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) 777:890 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 95 theme Culture 851:857 arg1 DPC 882:884 DPC 6426 882:889 DPC 6426 882:889 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 7 96 dep < 1621:1621 arg1 % 1632:1632 ∼30% 1629:1632 ∼30% 1629:1632 RESULTS Total cholesterol was reduced in serum (P < 0.001; ∼33-50%) and liver (P < 0.05; ∼30%) and serum triglyceride concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05; ∼15-25%) in mice supplemented with GTF or DPC 6426 compared with the PNZ or placebo group, respectively. 25320181 3 97 theme isogenic 933:940 arg1 strain 950:955 the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose) 906:1029 the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose) 906:1029 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 98 theme NFBC 680:683 arg1 338 686:688 recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 589:688 recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF) 589:770 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 6 99 theme microbial 1488:1496 arg1 analyses 1498:1505 culture-independent microbial analyses 1468:1505 culture-independent microbial analyses of cecal content 1468:1522 At the end of the study, aortic plaque development and serum, liver, and fecal variables involved in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and culture-independent microbial analyses of cecal content were performed. 25320181 9 100 theme = 2046:2046 arg1 P 2044:2044 P = 0.001 2044:2052 P = 0.001 2044:2052 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 9 100 theme = 2046:2046 arg1 Porphyromonadaceae 2024:2041 Porphyromonadaceae 2024:2041 Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) 2024:2053 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 0 101 theme ApoE-deficient 109:122 arg1 mice 124:127 ApoE-deficient mice 109:127 ApoE-deficient mice 109:127 Exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacilli reduce serum cholesterol and modify enteric microbiota in ApoE-deficient mice. 25320181 5 102 theme Lactobacillus 1157:1169 arg1 strains 1171:1177 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains 1147:1177 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains at 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal 1147:1224 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains at 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal were administered to apoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk. 25320181 7 103 theme placebo 1773:1779 arg1 group 1781:1785 the PNZ or placebo group 1762:1785 group 1781:1785 RESULTS Total cholesterol was reduced in serum (P < 0.001; ∼33-50%) and liver (P < 0.05; ∼30%) and serum triglyceride concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05; ∼15-25%) in mice supplemented with GTF or DPC 6426 compared with the PNZ or placebo group, respectively. 25320181 3 104 theme paracasei 971:979 arg1 NFBC 981:984 Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 957:988 Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) 957:994 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 104 theme paracasei 971:979 arg1 PNZ 991:993 PNZ 991:993 PNZ 991:993 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 9 105 theme lower 2112:2116 arg1 proportions 2118:2128 lower proportions 2112:2128 lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) 2112:2219 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 10 106 theme exopolysaccharide-producing 2278:2304 arg1 lactobacilli 2306:2317 exopolysaccharide-producing lactobacilli 2278:2317 exopolysaccharide-producing lactobacilli 2278:2317 CONCLUSION Ingestion of exopolysaccharide-producing lactobacilli resulted in seemingly favorable improvements in lipid metabolism, which were associated with changes in the gut microbiota of mice. 25320181 7 107 theme PNZ 1766:1768 arg1 group 1781:1785 the PNZ or placebo group 1762:1785 group 1781:1785 RESULTS Total cholesterol was reduced in serum (P < 0.001; ∼33-50%) and liver (P < 0.05; ∼30%) and serum triglyceride concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05; ∼15-25%) in mice supplemented with GTF or DPC 6426 compared with the PNZ or placebo group, respectively. 25320181 2 108 from impact 322:327 arg1 metabolism 428:437 lipid metabolism 422:437 lipid metabolism 422:437 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary administration of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice. 25320181 2 108 from impact 322:327 arg1 microbiota 447:456 gut microbiota 443:456 gut microbiota 443:456 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary administration of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice. 25320181 9 109 theme Prevotellaceae 2059:2072 arg1 prevalence 2010:2019 a greater prevalence 2000:2019 a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group 2000:2106 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 9 109 theme Prevotellaceae 2059:2072 arg1 proportions 2118:2128 lower proportions 2112:2128 lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) 2112:2219 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 8 110 theme excretion 1891:1899 arg1 amounts 1862:1868 increased amounts 1852:1868 increased amounts of fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) 1852:1910 In addition, dietary intervention with GTF led to increased amounts of fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) compared with all other groups. 25320181 8 110 theme excretion 1891:1899 arg1 excretion 1891:1899 fecal cholesterol excretion 1873:1899 fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) 1873:1910 In addition, dietary intervention with GTF led to increased amounts of fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) compared with all other groups. 25320181 8 110 theme excretion 1891:1899 arg1 < 1904:1904 P < 0.05 1902:1909 P < 0.05 1902:1909 In addition, dietary intervention with GTF led to increased amounts of fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) compared with all other groups. 25320181 5 111 theme wt 1308:1309 arg1 diet 1315:1318 a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet 1266:1318 a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk 1266:1328 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains at 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal were administered to apoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk. 25320181 5 111 theme wt 1308:1309 arg1 wt 1311:1312 2% wt:wt 1305:1312 2% wt:wt 1305:1312 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains at 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal were administered to apoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk. 25320181 0 112 theme probiotic 28:36 arg1 Lactobacilli 38:49 Exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacilli 0:49 Exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacilli 0:49 Exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacilli reduce serum cholesterol and modify enteric microbiota in ApoE-deficient mice. 25320181 9 113 theme placebo 2239:2245 arg1 group 2247:2251 the placebo group 2235:2251 the placebo group 2235:2251 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 3 114 dep strain 950:955 arg1 wt 1013:1014 15% wt 1009:1014 15% wt 1009:1014 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 114 dep strain 950:955 arg1 NFBC 981:984 Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 957:988 Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) 957:994 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 114 dep strain 950:955 arg1 PNZ 991:993 PNZ 991:993 PNZ 991:993 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 114 dep strain 950:955 arg1 placebo 1000:1006 placebo 1000:1006 placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose) 1000:1029 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 8 115 theme P 1902:1902 arg1 excretion 1891:1899 fecal cholesterol excretion 1873:1899 fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) 1873:1910 In addition, dietary intervention with GTF led to increased amounts of fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) compared with all other groups. 25320181 8 115 theme P 1902:1902 arg1 < 1904:1904 P < 0.05 1902:1909 P < 0.05 1902:1909 In addition, dietary intervention with GTF led to increased amounts of fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) compared with all other groups. 25320181 5 116 theme fat 1282:1284 arg1 % 1280:1280 60% fat 1278:1284 60% fat 1278:1284 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains at 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal were administered to apoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk. 25320181 2 117 theme lipid 422:426 arg1 metabolism 428:437 lipid metabolism 422:437 lipid metabolism 422:437 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary administration of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice. 25320181 1 118 theme BACKGROUND 130:139 arg1 bacteria 151:158 BACKGROUND Probiotic bacteria 130:158 BACKGROUND Probiotic bacteria 130:158 BACKGROUND Probiotic bacteria have been associated with a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk, a leading cause of death and disability. 25320181 9 119 theme < 2178:2178 arg1 Peptococcaceae 2160:2173 Peptococcaceae 2160:2173 Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001) 2160:2185 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 9 119 theme < 2178:2178 arg1 P 2176:2176 P < 0.001 2176:2184 P < 0.001 2176:2184 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 10 120 theme lipid 2367:2371 arg1 metabolism 2373:2382 lipid metabolism 2367:2382 lipid metabolism 2367:2382 CONCLUSION Ingestion of exopolysaccharide-producing lactobacilli resulted in seemingly favorable improvements in lipid metabolism, which were associated with changes in the gut microbiota of mice. 25320181 5 121 theme /high-cholesterol 1286:1302 arg1 diet 1315:1318 a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet 1266:1318 a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk 1266:1328 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains at 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal were administered to apoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk. 25320181 5 121 theme /high-cholesterol 1286:1302 arg1 wt 1311:1312 2% wt:wt 1305:1312 2% wt:wt 1305:1312 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains at 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal were administered to apoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk. 25320181 10 122 from improvements 2351:2362 arg1 metabolism 2373:2382 lipid metabolism 2367:2382 lipid metabolism 2367:2382 CONCLUSION Ingestion of exopolysaccharide-producing lactobacilli resulted in seemingly favorable improvements in lipid metabolism, which were associated with changes in the gut microbiota of mice. 25320181 9 123 theme DPC 2093:2095 arg1 group 2102:2106 the DPC 6426 group 2089:2106 the DPC 6426 group 2089:2106 Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. 25320181 8 124 theme fecal 1873:1877 arg1 excretion 1891:1899 fecal cholesterol excretion 1873:1899 fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) 1873:1910 In addition, dietary intervention with GTF led to increased amounts of fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) compared with all other groups. 25320181 8 124 theme fecal 1873:1877 arg1 < 1904:1904 P < 0.05 1902:1909 P < 0.05 1902:1909 In addition, dietary intervention with GTF led to increased amounts of fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) compared with all other groups. 25320181 5 125 theme × 1184:1184 arg1 units/d 1207:1213 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d 1182:1213 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal 1182:1224 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains at 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal were administered to apoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk. 25320181 2 126 theme cultures 410:417 arg1 administration 340:353 dietary administration 332:353 dietary administration of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures 332:417 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary administration of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice. 25320181 3 127 theme lipid 528:532 arg1 metabolism 534:543 lipid metabolism 528:543 lipid metabolism 528:543 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 6 128 theme fecal 1404:1408 arg1 variables 1410:1418 fecal variables 1404:1418 fecal variables 1404:1418 At the end of the study, aortic plaque development and serum, liver, and fecal variables involved in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and culture-independent microbial analyses of cecal content were performed. 25320181 3 129 theme % 1011:1011 arg1 wt 1013:1014 15% wt 1009:1014 15% wt 1009:1014 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 3 129 theme % 1011:1011 arg1 placebo 1000:1006 placebo 1000:1006 placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose) 1000:1029 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 4 130 theme administration 1097:1110 arg1 effects 1056:1062 the effects 1052:1062 the effects on the gut microbiota of dietary administration of DPC 6426 1052:1122 Second, we examined the effects on the gut microbiota of dietary administration of DPC 6426 compared with placebo. 25320181 10 131 theme gut 2427:2429 arg1 microbiota 2431:2440 the gut microbiota 2423:2440 the gut microbiota of mice 2423:2448 CONCLUSION Ingestion of exopolysaccharide-producing lactobacilli resulted in seemingly favorable improvements in lipid metabolism, which were associated with changes in the gut microbiota of mice. 25320181 2 132 theme dietary 332:338 arg1 administration 340:353 dietary administration 332:353 dietary administration of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures 332:417 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary administration of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice. 25320181 5 133 theme apoE 1247:1250 arg1 mice 1257:1260 apoE(-/-) mice 1247:1260 apoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk 1247:1328 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains at 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal were administered to apoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk. 25320181 3 134 dep METHODS 501:507 arg1 examined 519:526 examined 519:526 examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF) 519:770 METHODS First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). 25320181 2 135 from microbiota 447:456 arg1 mice 495:498 apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice 461:498 apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice 461:498 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary administration of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice. 25320181 4 136 theme DPC 1115:1117 arg1 administration 1097:1110 dietary administration 1089:1110 dietary administration of DPC 6426 1089:1122 Second, we examined the effects on the gut microbiota of dietary administration of DPC 6426 compared with placebo. 25320181 6 137 theme plaque 1363:1368 arg1 development 1370:1380 aortic plaque development 1356:1380 aortic plaque development 1356:1380 At the end of the study, aortic plaque development and serum, liver, and fecal variables involved in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and culture-independent microbial analyses of cecal content were performed. 25320181 5 138 theme -/- 1252:1254 arg1 mice 1257:1260 apoE(-/-) mice 1247:1260 apoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk 1247:1328 Probiotic Lactobacillus strains at 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal were administered to apoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk. 29058684 1 0 theme low 190:192 arg1 efficacy 194:201 the low efficacy 186:201 the low efficacy to fight bacteria attacks 186:227 The main limitation of conventional antibiotic therapies concerns the low efficacy to fight bacteria attacks during long treatment times. 29058684 0 1 theme antibacterial 94:106 arg1 treatments 108:117 antibacterial treatments 94:117 antibacterial treatments 94:117 Electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibres decorated by drug loaded chitosan nano-reservoirs for antibacterial treatments. 29058684 4 2 theme Trihydrate 989:998 arg1 administration 959:972 the administration 955:972 the administration of Amoxicillin Trihydrate 955:998 Herein, we will investigate EFDs processing modes and conditions to decorate polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces by chitosan nano-reservoirs for the administration of Amoxicillin Trihydrate as an innovative antibacterial treatment of the periodontal pocket. 29058684 2 3 from biofilms 508:515 arg1 sites 533:537 oral implant sites 520:537 oral implant sites 520:537 In this context, the integrated use of electrofluidodynamics (EFDs)-basically electrospinning and electrospraying-may represent an interesting route for designing nanostructured platforms with controlled release to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms in oral implant sites. 29058684 4 4 theme periodontal 1048:1058 arg1 pocket 1060:1065 the periodontal pocket 1044:1065 the periodontal pocket 1044:1065 Herein, we will investigate EFDs processing modes and conditions to decorate polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces by chitosan nano-reservoirs for the administration of Amoxicillin Trihydrate as an innovative antibacterial treatment of the periodontal pocket. 29058684 2 5 theme integrated 279:288 arg1 use 290:292 the integrated use 275:292 the integrated use of electrofluidodynamics (EFDs)-basically electrospinning and electrospraying-may 275:374 In this context, the integrated use of electrofluidodynamics (EFDs)-basically electrospinning and electrospraying-may represent an interesting route for designing nanostructured platforms with controlled release to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms in oral implant sites. 29058684 4 6 theme innovative 1006:1015 arg1 surfaces 914:921 polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces 886:921 polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces 886:921 Herein, we will investigate EFDs processing modes and conditions to decorate polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces by chitosan nano-reservoirs for the administration of Amoxicillin Trihydrate as an innovative antibacterial treatment of the periodontal pocket. 29058684 4 6 theme innovative 1006:1015 arg1 treatment 1031:1039 an innovative antibacterial treatment 1003:1039 an innovative antibacterial treatment of the periodontal pocket 1003:1065 Herein, we will investigate EFDs processing modes and conditions to decorate polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces by chitosan nano-reservoirs for the administration of Amoxicillin Trihydrate as an innovative antibacterial treatment of the periodontal pocket. 29058684 3 7 theme nanofibres 573:582 arg1 deposition 559:568 the deposition 555:568 the deposition of nanofibres and nanoparticles by different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for 555:653 They allow for the deposition of nanofibres and nanoparticles by different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for the fabrication of more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection, pharmacokinetic control and drug distribution to the surrounding tissues. 29058684 3 8 theme different 605:613 arg1 modes-i.e. 615:624 different modes-i.e. 605:624 different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for 605:653 They allow for the deposition of nanofibres and nanoparticles by different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for the fabrication of more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection, pharmacokinetic control and drug distribution to the surrounding tissues. 29058684 3 9 from systems 691:697 arg1 terms 702:706 terms 702:706 terms of degradation protection 702:732 They allow for the deposition of nanofibres and nanoparticles by different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for the fabrication of more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection, pharmacokinetic control and drug distribution to the surrounding tissues. 29058684 2 10 theme electrospraying-may 356:374 arg1 EFDs 320:323 EFDs 320:323 EFDs 320:323 In this context, the integrated use of electrofluidodynamics (EFDs)-basically electrospinning and electrospraying-may represent an interesting route for designing nanostructured platforms with controlled release to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms in oral implant sites. 29058684 2 10 theme electrospraying-may 356:374 arg1 electrofluidodynamics 297:317 electrofluidodynamics 297:317 electrofluidodynamics (EFDs)-basically electrospinning and electrospraying-may 297:374 In this context, the integrated use of electrofluidodynamics (EFDs)-basically electrospinning and electrospraying-may represent an interesting route for designing nanostructured platforms with controlled release to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms in oral implant sites. 29058684 2 11 theme electrofluidodynamics 297:317 arg1 use 290:292 the integrated use 275:292 the integrated use of electrofluidodynamics (EFDs)-basically electrospinning and electrospraying-may 275:374 In this context, the integrated use of electrofluidodynamics (EFDs)-basically electrospinning and electrospraying-may represent an interesting route for designing nanostructured platforms with controlled release to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms in oral implant sites. 29058684 0 12 theme loaded 58:63 arg1 nano-reservoirs 74:88 drug loaded chitosan nano-reservoirs 53:88 drug loaded chitosan nano-reservoirs for antibacterial treatments 53:117 Electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibres decorated by drug loaded chitosan nano-reservoirs for antibacterial treatments. 29058684 2 13 theme biofilms 508:515 arg1 formation 485:493 the formation 481:493 the formation of bacterial biofilms in oral implant sites 481:537 In this context, the integrated use of electrofluidodynamics (EFDs)-basically electrospinning and electrospraying-may represent an interesting route for designing nanostructured platforms with controlled release to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms in oral implant sites. 29058684 3 14 from terms 702:706 arg1 fabrication 659:669 the fabrication 655:669 the fabrication of more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection, pharmacokinetic control and drug distribution to the surrounding tissues 655:806 They allow for the deposition of nanofibres and nanoparticles by different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for the fabrication of more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection, pharmacokinetic control and drug distribution to the surrounding tissues. 29058684 1 15 theme fight 206:210 arg1 attacks 221:227 fight bacteria attacks 206:227 fight bacteria attacks 206:227 The main limitation of conventional antibiotic therapies concerns the low efficacy to fight bacteria attacks during long treatment times. 29058684 2 16 from sites 533:537 arg1 formation 485:493 the formation 481:493 the formation of bacterial biofilms in oral implant sites 481:537 In this context, the integrated use of electrofluidodynamics (EFDs)-basically electrospinning and electrospraying-may represent an interesting route for designing nanostructured platforms with controlled release to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms in oral implant sites. 29058684 4 17 theme Amoxicillin 977:987 arg1 Trihydrate 989:998 Amoxicillin Trihydrate 977:998 Amoxicillin Trihydrate 977:998 Herein, we will investigate EFDs processing modes and conditions to decorate polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces by chitosan nano-reservoirs for the administration of Amoxicillin Trihydrate as an innovative antibacterial treatment of the periodontal pocket. 29058684 1 18 theme bacteria 212:219 arg1 attacks 221:227 fight bacteria attacks 206:227 fight bacteria attacks 206:227 The main limitation of conventional antibiotic therapies concerns the low efficacy to fight bacteria attacks during long treatment times. 29058684 0 19 theme Electrospun 0:10 arg1 polycaprolactone 12:27 Electrospun polycaprolactone 0:27 Electrospun polycaprolactone 0:27 Electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibres decorated by drug loaded chitosan nano-reservoirs for antibacterial treatments. 29058684 2 20 theme electrospinning 336:350 arg1 EFDs 320:323 EFDs 320:323 EFDs 320:323 In this context, the integrated use of electrofluidodynamics (EFDs)-basically electrospinning and electrospraying-may represent an interesting route for designing nanostructured platforms with controlled release to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms in oral implant sites. 29058684 2 20 theme electrospinning 336:350 arg1 electrofluidodynamics 297:317 electrofluidodynamics 297:317 electrofluidodynamics (EFDs)-basically electrospinning and electrospraying-may 297:374 In this context, the integrated use of electrofluidodynamics (EFDs)-basically electrospinning and electrospraying-may represent an interesting route for designing nanostructured platforms with controlled release to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms in oral implant sites. 29058684 3 21 from fabrication 659:669 arg1 terms 702:706 terms 702:706 terms of degradation protection 702:732 They allow for the deposition of nanofibres and nanoparticles by different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for the fabrication of more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection, pharmacokinetic control and drug distribution to the surrounding tissues. 29058684 2 22 theme bacterial 498:506 arg1 biofilms 508:515 bacterial biofilms 498:515 bacterial biofilms in oral implant sites 498:537 In this context, the integrated use of electrofluidodynamics (EFDs)-basically electrospinning and electrospraying-may represent an interesting route for designing nanostructured platforms with controlled release to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms in oral implant sites. 29058684 4 23 theme pocket 1060:1065 arg1 surfaces 914:921 polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces 886:921 polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces 886:921 Herein, we will investigate EFDs processing modes and conditions to decorate polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces by chitosan nano-reservoirs for the administration of Amoxicillin Trihydrate as an innovative antibacterial treatment of the periodontal pocket. 29058684 4 23 theme pocket 1060:1065 arg1 treatment 1031:1039 an innovative antibacterial treatment 1003:1039 an innovative antibacterial treatment of the periodontal pocket 1003:1065 Herein, we will investigate EFDs processing modes and conditions to decorate polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces by chitosan nano-reservoirs for the administration of Amoxicillin Trihydrate as an innovative antibacterial treatment of the periodontal pocket. 29058684 1 24 theme main 124:127 arg1 limitation 129:138 The main limitation 120:138 The main limitation of conventional antibiotic therapies 120:175 The main limitation of conventional antibiotic therapies concerns the low efficacy to fight bacteria attacks during long treatment times. 29058684 3 25 theme nanoparticles 588:600 arg1 deposition 559:568 the deposition 555:568 the deposition of nanofibres and nanoparticles by different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for 555:653 They allow for the deposition of nanofibres and nanoparticles by different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for the fabrication of more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection, pharmacokinetic control and drug distribution to the surrounding tissues. 29058684 4 26 theme EFDs 837:840 arg1 modes 853:857 EFDs processing modes 837:857 EFDs processing modes 837:857 Herein, we will investigate EFDs processing modes and conditions to decorate polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces by chitosan nano-reservoirs for the administration of Amoxicillin Trihydrate as an innovative antibacterial treatment of the periodontal pocket. 29058684 1 27 theme long 236:239 arg1 times 251:255 long treatment times 236:255 long treatment times 236:255 The main limitation of conventional antibiotic therapies concerns the low efficacy to fight bacteria attacks during long treatment times. 29058684 0 28 theme drug 53:56 arg1 nano-reservoirs 74:88 drug loaded chitosan nano-reservoirs 53:88 drug loaded chitosan nano-reservoirs for antibacterial treatments 53:117 Electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibres decorated by drug loaded chitosan nano-reservoirs for antibacterial treatments. 29058684 3 29 theme pharmacokinetic 735:749 arg1 systems 691:697 more efficacious systems 674:697 more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection 674:732 They allow for the deposition of nanofibres and nanoparticles by different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for the fabrication of more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection, pharmacokinetic control and drug distribution to the surrounding tissues. 29058684 3 29 theme pharmacokinetic 735:749 arg1 control 751:757 pharmacokinetic control 735:757 pharmacokinetic control 735:757 They allow for the deposition of nanofibres and nanoparticles by different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for the fabrication of more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection, pharmacokinetic control and drug distribution to the surrounding tissues. 29058684 4 30 theme chitosan 926:933 arg1 nano-reservoirs 935:949 chitosan nano-reservoirs 926:949 chitosan nano-reservoirs for the administration of Amoxicillin Trihydrate 926:998 Herein, we will investigate EFDs processing modes and conditions to decorate polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces by chitosan nano-reservoirs for the administration of Amoxicillin Trihydrate as an innovative antibacterial treatment of the periodontal pocket. 29058684 1 31 theme treatment 241:249 arg1 times 251:255 long treatment times 236:255 long treatment times 236:255 The main limitation of conventional antibiotic therapies concerns the low efficacy to fight bacteria attacks during long treatment times. 29058684 3 32 theme degradation 711:721 arg1 protection 723:732 degradation protection 711:732 degradation protection 711:732 They allow for the deposition of nanofibres and nanoparticles by different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for the fabrication of more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection, pharmacokinetic control and drug distribution to the surrounding tissues. 29058684 3 33 theme efficacious 679:689 arg1 control 751:757 pharmacokinetic control 735:757 pharmacokinetic control 735:757 They allow for the deposition of nanofibres and nanoparticles by different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for the fabrication of more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection, pharmacokinetic control and drug distribution to the surrounding tissues. 29058684 3 33 theme efficacious 679:689 arg1 systems 691:697 more efficacious systems 674:697 more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection 674:732 They allow for the deposition of nanofibres and nanoparticles by different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for the fabrication of more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection, pharmacokinetic control and drug distribution to the surrounding tissues. 29058684 3 33 theme efficacious 679:689 arg1 distribution 768:779 drug distribution 763:779 drug distribution 763:779 They allow for the deposition of nanofibres and nanoparticles by different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for the fabrication of more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection, pharmacokinetic control and drug distribution to the surrounding tissues. 29058684 4 34 theme processing 842:851 arg1 modes 853:857 EFDs processing modes 837:857 EFDs processing modes 837:857 Herein, we will investigate EFDs processing modes and conditions to decorate polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces by chitosan nano-reservoirs for the administration of Amoxicillin Trihydrate as an innovative antibacterial treatment of the periodontal pocket. 29058684 0 35 theme chitosan 65:72 arg1 nano-reservoirs 74:88 drug loaded chitosan nano-reservoirs 53:88 drug loaded chitosan nano-reservoirs for antibacterial treatments 53:117 Electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibres decorated by drug loaded chitosan nano-reservoirs for antibacterial treatments. 29058684 3 36 theme protection 723:732 arg1 terms 702:706 terms 702:706 terms of degradation protection 702:732 They allow for the deposition of nanofibres and nanoparticles by different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for the fabrication of more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection, pharmacokinetic control and drug distribution to the surrounding tissues. 29058684 2 37 theme interesting 389:399 arg1 route 401:405 an interesting route 386:405 an interesting route for designing nanostructured platforms with controlled release to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms in oral implant sites 386:537 In this context, the integrated use of electrofluidodynamics (EFDs)-basically electrospinning and electrospraying-may represent an interesting route for designing nanostructured platforms with controlled release to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms in oral implant sites. 29058684 2 38 theme oral 520:523 arg1 sites 533:537 oral implant sites 520:537 oral implant sites 520:537 In this context, the integrated use of electrofluidodynamics (EFDs)-basically electrospinning and electrospraying-may represent an interesting route for designing nanostructured platforms with controlled release to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms in oral implant sites. 29058684 4 39 theme antibacterial 1017:1029 arg1 surfaces 914:921 polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces 886:921 polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces 886:921 Herein, we will investigate EFDs processing modes and conditions to decorate polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces by chitosan nano-reservoirs for the administration of Amoxicillin Trihydrate as an innovative antibacterial treatment of the periodontal pocket. 29058684 4 39 theme antibacterial 1017:1029 arg1 treatment 1031:1039 an innovative antibacterial treatment 1003:1039 an innovative antibacterial treatment of the periodontal pocket 1003:1065 Herein, we will investigate EFDs processing modes and conditions to decorate polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces by chitosan nano-reservoirs for the administration of Amoxicillin Trihydrate as an innovative antibacterial treatment of the periodontal pocket. 29058684 3 40 theme drug 763:766 arg1 systems 691:697 more efficacious systems 674:697 more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection 674:732 They allow for the deposition of nanofibres and nanoparticles by different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for the fabrication of more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection, pharmacokinetic control and drug distribution to the surrounding tissues. 29058684 3 40 theme drug 763:766 arg1 distribution 768:779 drug distribution 763:779 drug distribution 763:779 They allow for the deposition of nanofibres and nanoparticles by different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for the fabrication of more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection, pharmacokinetic control and drug distribution to the surrounding tissues. 29058684 1 41 theme conventional 143:154 arg1 therapies 167:175 conventional antibiotic therapies 143:175 conventional antibiotic therapies 143:175 The main limitation of conventional antibiotic therapies concerns the low efficacy to fight bacteria attacks during long treatment times. 29058684 4 42 theme polycaprolactone 886:901 arg1 surfaces 914:921 polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces 886:921 polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces 886:921 Herein, we will investigate EFDs processing modes and conditions to decorate polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces by chitosan nano-reservoirs for the administration of Amoxicillin Trihydrate as an innovative antibacterial treatment of the periodontal pocket. 29058684 4 42 theme polycaprolactone 886:901 arg1 treatment 1031:1039 an innovative antibacterial treatment 1003:1039 an innovative antibacterial treatment of the periodontal pocket 1003:1065 Herein, we will investigate EFDs processing modes and conditions to decorate polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces by chitosan nano-reservoirs for the administration of Amoxicillin Trihydrate as an innovative antibacterial treatment of the periodontal pocket. 29058684 1 43 theme antibiotic 156:165 arg1 therapies 167:175 conventional antibiotic therapies 143:175 conventional antibiotic therapies 143:175 The main limitation of conventional antibiotic therapies concerns the low efficacy to fight bacteria attacks during long treatment times. 29058684 3 44 theme sequential 626:635 arg1 modes-i.e. 615:624 different modes-i.e. 605:624 different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for 605:653 They allow for the deposition of nanofibres and nanoparticles by different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for the fabrication of more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection, pharmacokinetic control and drug distribution to the surrounding tissues. 29058684 0 45 dep nanofibres 29:38 arg1 decorated 40:48 decorated 40:48 nanofibres decorated by drug loaded chitosan nano-reservoirs for antibacterial treatments 29:117 Electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibres decorated by drug loaded chitosan nano-reservoirs for antibacterial treatments. 29058684 1 46 theme therapies 167:175 arg1 limitation 129:138 The main limitation 120:138 The main limitation of conventional antibiotic therapies 120:175 The main limitation of conventional antibiotic therapies concerns the low efficacy to fight bacteria attacks during long treatment times. 29058684 4 47 dep investigate 825:835 arg1 will 820:823 will 820:823 will 820:823 Herein, we will investigate EFDs processing modes and conditions to decorate polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces by chitosan nano-reservoirs for the administration of Amoxicillin Trihydrate as an innovative antibacterial treatment of the periodontal pocket. 29058684 3 48 theme systems 691:697 arg1 fabrication 659:669 the fabrication 655:669 the fabrication of more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection, pharmacokinetic control and drug distribution to the surrounding tissues 655:806 They allow for the deposition of nanofibres and nanoparticles by different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for the fabrication of more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection, pharmacokinetic control and drug distribution to the surrounding tissues. 29058684 3 49 dep sequential 626:635 arg1 simultaneous-for 638:653 simultaneous-for 638:653 simultaneous-for 638:653 They allow for the deposition of nanofibres and nanoparticles by different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for the fabrication of more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection, pharmacokinetic control and drug distribution to the surrounding tissues. 29058684 2 50 theme nanostructured 421:434 arg1 platforms 436:444 nanostructured platforms 421:444 nanostructured platforms 421:444 In this context, the integrated use of electrofluidodynamics (EFDs)-basically electrospinning and electrospraying-may represent an interesting route for designing nanostructured platforms with controlled release to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms in oral implant sites. 29058684 2 51 theme controlled 451:460 arg1 release 462:468 controlled release 451:468 controlled release to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms in oral implant sites 451:537 In this context, the integrated use of electrofluidodynamics (EFDs)-basically electrospinning and electrospraying-may represent an interesting route for designing nanostructured platforms with controlled release to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms in oral implant sites. 29058684 2 52 theme implant 525:531 arg1 sites 533:537 oral implant sites 520:537 oral implant sites 520:537 In this context, the integrated use of electrofluidodynamics (EFDs)-basically electrospinning and electrospraying-may represent an interesting route for designing nanostructured platforms with controlled release to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms in oral implant sites. 29058684 3 53 theme surrounding 788:798 arg1 tissues 800:806 the surrounding tissues 784:806 the surrounding tissues 784:806 They allow for the deposition of nanofibres and nanoparticles by different modes-i.e. sequential, simultaneous-for the fabrication of more efficacious systems in terms of degradation protection, pharmacokinetic control and drug distribution to the surrounding tissues. 29058684 4 54 theme nanofibres 903:912 arg1 surfaces 914:921 polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces 886:921 polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces 886:921 Herein, we will investigate EFDs processing modes and conditions to decorate polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces by chitosan nano-reservoirs for the administration of Amoxicillin Trihydrate as an innovative antibacterial treatment of the periodontal pocket. 29058684 4 54 theme nanofibres 903:912 arg1 treatment 1031:1039 an innovative antibacterial treatment 1003:1039 an innovative antibacterial treatment of the periodontal pocket 1003:1065 Herein, we will investigate EFDs processing modes and conditions to decorate polycaprolactone nanofibres surfaces by chitosan nano-reservoirs for the administration of Amoxicillin Trihydrate as an innovative antibacterial treatment of the periodontal pocket. 29058684 2 55 from formation 485:493 arg1 sites 533:537 oral implant sites 520:537 oral implant sites 520:537 In this context, the integrated use of electrofluidodynamics (EFDs)-basically electrospinning and electrospraying-may represent an interesting route for designing nanostructured platforms with controlled release to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms in oral implant sites. 25944824 0 0 theme Central 36:42 arg1 Metabolism 44:53 Central Metabolism 36:53 Central Metabolism 36:53 Quantitative Multilevel Analysis of Central Metabolism in Developing Oilseeds of Oilseed Rape during in Vitro Culture. 25944824 9 1 theme lipid/starch 1418:1429 arg1 tradeoff 1431:1438 the lipid/starch tradeoff 1414:1438 the lipid/starch tradeoff 1414:1438 Enzyme activity/flux and metabolite/flux correlations suggest that plastidic pyruvate kinase exerts flux control and that the lipid/starch tradeoff is most likely mediated by allosteric feedback regulation of phosphofructokinase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. 25944824 10 2 theme mass 1610:1613 arg1 ratios 1622:1627 in vivo mass action ratios 1602:1627 in vivo mass action ratios 1602:1627 Quantitative data were also used to calculate in vivo mass action ratios, reaction equilibria, and metabolite turnover times. 25944824 7 3 theme glycolytic 1071:1080 arg1 flux 1082:1085 glycolytic flux 1071:1085 glycolytic flux 1071:1085 With increasing lipid content over the spectrum of genotypes, plastidic fatty acid synthesis and glycolytic flux increased concomitantly, while glycolytic intermediates decreased. 25944824 10 4 theme in 1602:1603 arg1 ratios 1622:1627 in vivo mass action ratios 1602:1627 in vivo mass action ratios 1602:1627 Quantitative data were also used to calculate in vivo mass action ratios, reaction equilibria, and metabolite turnover times. 25944824 4 5 theme rape 662:665 arg1 embryos 643:649 in vitro cultured developing embryos 614:649 in vitro cultured developing embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) 614:682 In an attempt to highlight metabolic control, we explore genotypic differences in carbon partitioning for in vitro cultured developing embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). 25944824 10 6 theme reaction 1630:1637 arg1 equilibria 1639:1648 reaction equilibria 1630:1648 reaction equilibria 1630:1648 Quantitative data were also used to calculate in vivo mass action ratios, reaction equilibria, and metabolite turnover times. 25944824 7 7 theme fatty 1046:1050 arg1 synthesis 1057:1065 plastidic fatty acid synthesis 1036:1065 plastidic fatty acid synthesis 1036:1065 With increasing lipid content over the spectrum of genotypes, plastidic fatty acid synthesis and glycolytic flux increased concomitantly, while glycolytic intermediates decreased. 25944824 6 8 theme biomass 925:931 arg1 fractions 943:951 the biomass component fractions 921:951 the biomass component fractions of lipid and starch 921:971 Overall, we observed a tradeoff between the biomass component fractions of lipid and starch. 25944824 11 9 theme control 1823:1829 arg1 mechanisms 1799:1808 so far unknown mechanisms 1784:1808 so far unknown mechanisms of metabolic control 1784:1829 Compounds like cyclic 3',5'-AMP and sucrose-6-phosphate were identified to potentially be involved in so far unknown mechanisms of metabolic control. 25944824 10 10 dep in 1602:1603 arg1 vivo 1605:1608 vivo 1605:1608 vivo 1605:1608 Quantitative data were also used to calculate in vivo mass action ratios, reaction equilibria, and metabolite turnover times. 25944824 9 11 theme feedback 1478:1485 arg1 regulation 1487:1496 allosteric feedback regulation 1467:1496 allosteric feedback regulation of phosphofructokinase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 1467:1553 Enzyme activity/flux and metabolite/flux correlations suggest that plastidic pyruvate kinase exerts flux control and that the lipid/starch tradeoff is most likely mediated by allosteric feedback regulation of phosphofructokinase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. 25944824 4 12 theme developing 632:641 arg1 embryos 643:649 in vitro cultured developing embryos 614:649 in vitro cultured developing embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) 614:682 In an attempt to highlight metabolic control, we explore genotypic differences in carbon partitioning for in vitro cultured developing embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). 25944824 10 13 theme metabolite 1655:1664 arg1 times 1675:1679 metabolite turnover times 1655:1679 metabolite turnover times 1655:1679 Quantitative data were also used to calculate in vivo mass action ratios, reaction equilibria, and metabolite turnover times. 25944824 5 14 theme biomass 699:705 arg1 composition 707:717 biomass composition 699:717 biomass composition as well as 79 net fluxes, the levels of 77 metabolites, and 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions 699:878 We determined biomass composition as well as 79 net fluxes, the levels of 77 metabolites, and 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions. 25944824 2 15 theme seed 206:209 arg1 yield 211:215 seed yield 206:215 seed yield 206:215 Continued increases in seed yield, composition, and quality require an improved understanding of how the developing seed converts carbon and nitrogen supplies into storage. 25944824 5 16 theme specific 805:812 arg1 focus 814:818 specific focus 805:818 specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions 805:878 We determined biomass composition as well as 79 net fluxes, the levels of 77 metabolites, and 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions. 25944824 8 17 theme proteome 1205:1212 arg1 level 1214:1218 the proteome level 1201:1218 the proteome level 1201:1218 The lipid/starch tradeoff was not reflected at the proteome level, pointing to the significance of (posttranslational) metabolic control. 25944824 8 18 theme control 1283:1289 arg1 significance 1237:1248 the significance 1233:1248 the significance of (posttranslational) metabolic control 1233:1289 The lipid/starch tradeoff was not reflected at the proteome level, pointing to the significance of (posttranslational) metabolic control. 25944824 9 19 theme pyrophosphorylase 1537:1553 arg1 regulation 1487:1496 allosteric feedback regulation 1467:1496 allosteric feedback regulation of phosphofructokinase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 1467:1553 Enzyme activity/flux and metabolite/flux correlations suggest that plastidic pyruvate kinase exerts flux control and that the lipid/starch tradeoff is most likely mediated by allosteric feedback regulation of phosphofructokinase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. 25944824 1 20 theme fuel 168:171 arg1 products 173:180 fuel products 168:180 fuel products 168:180 Seeds provide the basis for many food, feed, and fuel products. 25944824 5 21 theme net 733:735 arg1 fluxes 737:742 79 net fluxes 730:742 79 net fluxes 730:742 We determined biomass composition as well as 79 net fluxes, the levels of 77 metabolites, and 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions. 25944824 5 21 theme net 733:735 arg1 activities 789:798 26 enzyme activities 779:798 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions 779:878 We determined biomass composition as well as 79 net fluxes, the levels of 77 metabolites, and 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions. 25944824 5 21 theme net 733:735 arg1 levels 749:754 the levels 745:754 the levels of 77 metabolites 745:772 We determined biomass composition as well as 79 net fluxes, the levels of 77 metabolites, and 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions. 25944824 5 22 from focus 814:818 arg1 metabolism 831:840 central metabolism 823:840 central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions 823:878 We determined biomass composition as well as 79 net fluxes, the levels of 77 metabolites, and 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions. 25944824 6 23 theme starch 966:971 arg1 fractions 943:951 the biomass component fractions 921:951 the biomass component fractions of lipid and starch 921:971 Overall, we observed a tradeoff between the biomass component fractions of lipid and starch. 25944824 0 24 theme Oilseed 81:87 arg1 Rape 89:92 Oilseed Rape 81:92 Oilseed Rape 81:92 Quantitative Multilevel Analysis of Central Metabolism in Developing Oilseeds of Oilseed Rape during in Vitro Culture. 25944824 5 25 theme germplasm 859:867 arg1 accessions 869:878 nine selected germplasm accessions 845:878 nine selected germplasm accessions 845:878 We determined biomass composition as well as 79 net fluxes, the levels of 77 metabolites, and 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions. 25944824 6 26 theme lipid 956:960 arg1 fractions 943:951 the biomass component fractions 921:951 the biomass component fractions of lipid and starch 921:971 Overall, we observed a tradeoff between the biomass component fractions of lipid and starch. 25944824 11 27 theme unknown 1791:1797 arg1 mechanisms 1799:1808 so far unknown mechanisms 1784:1808 so far unknown mechanisms of metabolic control 1784:1829 Compounds like cyclic 3',5'-AMP and sucrose-6-phosphate were identified to potentially be involved in so far unknown mechanisms of metabolic control. 25944824 3 28 theme Current 356:362 arg1 knowledge 364:372 Current knowledge 356:372 Current knowledge of this process 356:388 Current knowledge of this process is often based on the premise that transcriptional regulation directly translates via enzyme concentration into flux. 25944824 0 29 theme Quantitative 0:11 arg1 Analysis 24:31 Quantitative Multilevel Analysis 0:31 Quantitative Multilevel Analysis of Central Metabolism in Developing Oilseeds of Oilseed Rape during in Vitro Culture. 0:117 Quantitative Multilevel Analysis of Central Metabolism in Developing Oilseeds of Oilseed Rape during in Vitro Culture. 25944824 9 30 theme metabolite/flux 1317:1331 arg1 correlations 1333:1344 Enzyme activity/flux and metabolite/flux correlations 1292:1344 correlations 1333:1344 Enzyme activity/flux and metabolite/flux correlations suggest that plastidic pyruvate kinase exerts flux control and that the lipid/starch tradeoff is most likely mediated by allosteric feedback regulation of phosphofructokinase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. 25944824 3 31 theme transcriptional 425:439 arg1 regulation 441:450 transcriptional regulation 425:450 transcriptional regulation 425:450 Current knowledge of this process is often based on the premise that transcriptional regulation directly translates via enzyme concentration into flux. 25944824 5 32 from metabolism 831:840 arg1 accessions 869:878 nine selected germplasm accessions 845:878 nine selected germplasm accessions 845:878 We determined biomass composition as well as 79 net fluxes, the levels of 77 metabolites, and 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions. 25944824 3 33 theme process 382:388 arg1 knowledge 364:372 Current knowledge 356:372 Current knowledge of this process 356:388 Current knowledge of this process is often based on the premise that transcriptional regulation directly translates via enzyme concentration into flux. 25944824 7 34 theme glycolytic 1118:1127 arg1 intermediates 1129:1141 glycolytic intermediates 1118:1141 glycolytic intermediates 1118:1141 With increasing lipid content over the spectrum of genotypes, plastidic fatty acid synthesis and glycolytic flux increased concomitantly, while glycolytic intermediates decreased. 25944824 9 35 theme plastidic 1359:1367 arg1 kinase 1378:1383 plastidic pyruvate kinase 1359:1383 plastidic pyruvate kinase 1359:1383 Enzyme activity/flux and metabolite/flux correlations suggest that plastidic pyruvate kinase exerts flux control and that the lipid/starch tradeoff is most likely mediated by allosteric feedback regulation of phosphofructokinase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. 25944824 12 36 theme central 1906:1912 arg1 metabolism 1914:1923 central metabolism 1906:1923 central metabolism 1906:1923 This study provides a rich source of quantitative data for those studying central metabolism. 25944824 2 37 theme carbon 313:318 arg1 supplies 333:340 carbon and nitrogen supplies 313:340 carbon and nitrogen supplies 313:340 Continued increases in seed yield, composition, and quality require an improved understanding of how the developing seed converts carbon and nitrogen supplies into storage. 25944824 5 38 theme 77 759:760 arg1 metabolites 762:772 77 metabolites 759:772 77 metabolites 759:772 We determined biomass composition as well as 79 net fluxes, the levels of 77 metabolites, and 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions. 25944824 10 39 theme Quantitative 1556:1567 arg1 data 1569:1572 Quantitative data 1556:1572 Quantitative data 1556:1572 Quantitative data were also used to calculate in vivo mass action ratios, reaction equilibria, and metabolite turnover times. 25944824 9 40 theme flux 1392:1395 arg1 control 1397:1403 flux control 1392:1403 flux control 1392:1403 Enzyme activity/flux and metabolite/flux correlations suggest that plastidic pyruvate kinase exerts flux control and that the lipid/starch tradeoff is most likely mediated by allosteric feedback regulation of phosphofructokinase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. 25944824 12 41 theme data 1882:1885 arg1 source 1859:1864 a rich source 1852:1864 a rich source of quantitative data for those studying central metabolism 1852:1923 This study provides a rich source of quantitative data for those studying central metabolism. 25944824 2 42 theme nitrogen 324:331 arg1 supplies 333:340 carbon and nitrogen supplies 313:340 carbon and nitrogen supplies 313:340 Continued increases in seed yield, composition, and quality require an improved understanding of how the developing seed converts carbon and nitrogen supplies into storage. 25944824 10 43 theme action 1615:1620 arg1 ratios 1622:1627 in vivo mass action ratios 1602:1627 in vivo mass action ratios 1602:1627 Quantitative data were also used to calculate in vivo mass action ratios, reaction equilibria, and metabolite turnover times. 25944824 2 44 theme improved 254:261 arg1 understanding 263:275 an improved understanding 251:275 an improved understanding of how the developing seed converts carbon and nitrogen supplies into storage 251:353 Continued increases in seed yield, composition, and quality require an improved understanding of how the developing seed converts carbon and nitrogen supplies into storage. 25944824 5 45 theme selected 850:857 arg1 accessions 869:878 nine selected germplasm accessions 845:878 nine selected germplasm accessions 845:878 We determined biomass composition as well as 79 net fluxes, the levels of 77 metabolites, and 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions. 25944824 4 46 theme genotypic 565:573 arg1 differences 575:585 genotypic differences 565:585 genotypic differences in carbon partitioning for in vitro cultured developing embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) 565:682 In an attempt to highlight metabolic control, we explore genotypic differences in carbon partitioning for in vitro cultured developing embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). 25944824 7 47 theme acid 1052:1055 arg1 synthesis 1057:1065 plastidic fatty acid synthesis 1036:1065 plastidic fatty acid synthesis 1036:1065 With increasing lipid content over the spectrum of genotypes, plastidic fatty acid synthesis and glycolytic flux increased concomitantly, while glycolytic intermediates decreased. 25944824 10 48 used used 1584:1587 arg2 data 1569:1572 Quantitative data 1556:1572 Quantitative data 1556:1572 Quantitative data were also used to calculate in vivo mass action ratios, reaction equilibria, and metabolite turnover times. 25944824 5 49 with levels 749:754 arg1 focus 814:818 specific focus 805:818 specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions 805:878 We determined biomass composition as well as 79 net fluxes, the levels of 77 metabolites, and 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions. 25944824 7 50 theme plastidic 1036:1044 arg1 synthesis 1057:1065 plastidic fatty acid synthesis 1036:1065 plastidic fatty acid synthesis 1036:1065 With increasing lipid content over the spectrum of genotypes, plastidic fatty acid synthesis and glycolytic flux increased concomitantly, while glycolytic intermediates decreased. 25944824 5 51 theme central 823:829 arg1 metabolism 831:840 central metabolism 823:840 central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions 823:878 We determined biomass composition as well as 79 net fluxes, the levels of 77 metabolites, and 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions. 25944824 8 52 theme lipid/starch 1158:1169 arg1 tradeoff 1171:1178 The lipid/starch tradeoff 1154:1178 The lipid/starch tradeoff 1154:1178 The lipid/starch tradeoff was not reflected at the proteome level, pointing to the significance of (posttranslational) metabolic control. 25944824 6 53 theme component 933:941 arg1 fractions 943:951 the biomass component fractions 921:951 the biomass component fractions of lipid and starch 921:971 Overall, we observed a tradeoff between the biomass component fractions of lipid and starch. 25944824 4 54 theme oilseed 654:660 arg1 Brassica 668:675 Brassica 668:675 Brassica 668:675 In an attempt to highlight metabolic control, we explore genotypic differences in carbon partitioning for in vitro cultured developing embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). 25944824 4 54 theme oilseed 654:660 arg1 rape 662:665 oilseed rape 654:665 oilseed rape (Brassica napus) 654:682 In an attempt to highlight metabolic control, we explore genotypic differences in carbon partitioning for in vitro cultured developing embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). 25944824 7 55 theme genotypes 1025:1033 arg1 spectrum 1013:1020 the spectrum 1009:1020 the spectrum of genotypes 1009:1033 With increasing lipid content over the spectrum of genotypes, plastidic fatty acid synthesis and glycolytic flux increased concomitantly, while glycolytic intermediates decreased. 25944824 5 56 theme enzyme 782:787 arg1 fluxes 737:742 79 net fluxes 730:742 79 net fluxes 730:742 We determined biomass composition as well as 79 net fluxes, the levels of 77 metabolites, and 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions. 25944824 5 56 theme enzyme 782:787 arg1 activities 789:798 26 enzyme activities 779:798 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions 779:878 We determined biomass composition as well as 79 net fluxes, the levels of 77 metabolites, and 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions. 25944824 10 57 theme turnover 1666:1673 arg1 times 1675:1679 metabolite turnover times 1655:1679 metabolite turnover times 1655:1679 Quantitative data were also used to calculate in vivo mass action ratios, reaction equilibria, and metabolite turnover times. 25944824 4 58 theme cultured 623:630 arg1 embryos 643:649 in vitro cultured developing embryos 614:649 in vitro cultured developing embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) 614:682 In an attempt to highlight metabolic control, we explore genotypic differences in carbon partitioning for in vitro cultured developing embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). 25944824 4 59 from differences 575:585 arg1 partitioning 597:608 carbon partitioning 590:608 carbon partitioning 590:608 In an attempt to highlight metabolic control, we explore genotypic differences in carbon partitioning for in vitro cultured developing embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). 25944824 9 60 theme phosphofructokinase 1501:1519 arg1 regulation 1487:1496 allosteric feedback regulation 1467:1496 allosteric feedback regulation of phosphofructokinase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 1467:1553 Enzyme activity/flux and metabolite/flux correlations suggest that plastidic pyruvate kinase exerts flux control and that the lipid/starch tradeoff is most likely mediated by allosteric feedback regulation of phosphofructokinase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. 25944824 8 61 theme posttranslational 1254:1270 arg1 control 1283:1289 (posttranslational) metabolic control 1253:1289 (posttranslational) metabolic control 1253:1289 The lipid/starch tradeoff was not reflected at the proteome level, pointing to the significance of (posttranslational) metabolic control. 25944824 7 62 theme lipid 990:994 arg1 content 996:1002 lipid content 990:1002 lipid content 990:1002 With increasing lipid content over the spectrum of genotypes, plastidic fatty acid synthesis and glycolytic flux increased concomitantly, while glycolytic intermediates decreased. 25944824 9 63 theme ADP-glucose 1525:1535 arg1 pyrophosphorylase 1537:1553 ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 1525:1553 ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 1525:1553 Enzyme activity/flux and metabolite/flux correlations suggest that plastidic pyruvate kinase exerts flux control and that the lipid/starch tradeoff is most likely mediated by allosteric feedback regulation of phosphofructokinase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. 25944824 8 64 theme metabolic 1273:1281 arg1 control 1283:1289 (posttranslational) metabolic control 1253:1289 (posttranslational) metabolic control 1253:1289 The lipid/starch tradeoff was not reflected at the proteome level, pointing to the significance of (posttranslational) metabolic control. 25944824 9 65 theme allosteric 1467:1476 arg1 regulation 1487:1496 allosteric feedback regulation 1467:1496 allosteric feedback regulation of phosphofructokinase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 1467:1553 Enzyme activity/flux and metabolite/flux correlations suggest that plastidic pyruvate kinase exerts flux control and that the lipid/starch tradeoff is most likely mediated by allosteric feedback regulation of phosphofructokinase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. 25944824 0 66 theme Rape 89:92 arg1 Oilseeds 69:76 Oilseeds 69:76 Oilseeds of Oilseed Rape 69:92 Quantitative Multilevel Analysis of Central Metabolism in Developing Oilseeds of Oilseed Rape during in Vitro Culture. 25944824 1 67 theme many 147:150 arg1 food 152:155 many food 147:155 many food 147:155 Seeds provide the basis for many food, feed, and fuel products. 25944824 11 68 theme metabolic 1813:1821 arg1 control 1823:1829 metabolic control 1813:1829 metabolic control 1813:1829 Compounds like cyclic 3',5'-AMP and sucrose-6-phosphate were identified to potentially be involved in so far unknown mechanisms of metabolic control. 25944824 0 69 theme in 101:102 arg1 Culture 110:116 in Vitro Culture 101:116 in Vitro Culture 101:116 Quantitative Multilevel Analysis of Central Metabolism in Developing Oilseeds of Oilseed Rape during in Vitro Culture. 25944824 9 70 theme Enzyme 1292:1297 arg1 activity/flux 1299:1311 Enzyme activity/flux and metabolite/flux correlations 1292:1344 activity/flux 1299:1311 Enzyme activity/flux and metabolite/flux correlations suggest that plastidic pyruvate kinase exerts flux control and that the lipid/starch tradeoff is most likely mediated by allosteric feedback regulation of phosphofructokinase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. 25944824 0 71 dep in 101:102 arg1 Vitro 104:108 Vitro 104:108 Vitro 104:108 Quantitative Multilevel Analysis of Central Metabolism in Developing Oilseeds of Oilseed Rape during in Vitro Culture. 25944824 2 72 from increases 193:201 arg1 composition 218:228 composition 218:228 composition 218:228 Continued increases in seed yield, composition, and quality require an improved understanding of how the developing seed converts carbon and nitrogen supplies into storage. 25944824 2 72 from increases 193:201 arg1 quality 235:241 quality 235:241 quality 235:241 Continued increases in seed yield, composition, and quality require an improved understanding of how the developing seed converts carbon and nitrogen supplies into storage. 25944824 2 72 from increases 193:201 arg1 yield 211:215 seed yield 206:215 seed yield 206:215 Continued increases in seed yield, composition, and quality require an improved understanding of how the developing seed converts carbon and nitrogen supplies into storage. 25944824 5 73 theme metabolites 762:772 arg1 fluxes 737:742 79 net fluxes 730:742 79 net fluxes 730:742 We determined biomass composition as well as 79 net fluxes, the levels of 77 metabolites, and 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions. 25944824 5 73 theme metabolites 762:772 arg1 levels 749:754 the levels 745:754 the levels of 77 metabolites 745:772 We determined biomass composition as well as 79 net fluxes, the levels of 77 metabolites, and 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions. 25944824 5 73 theme metabolites 762:772 arg1 activities 789:798 26 enzyme activities 779:798 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions 779:878 We determined biomass composition as well as 79 net fluxes, the levels of 77 metabolites, and 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions. 25944824 4 74 theme metabolic 535:543 arg1 control 545:551 metabolic control 535:551 metabolic control 535:551 In an attempt to highlight metabolic control, we explore genotypic differences in carbon partitioning for in vitro cultured developing embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). 25944824 4 75 dep Brassica 668:675 arg1 napus 677:681 Brassica napus 668:681 Brassica napus 668:681 In an attempt to highlight metabolic control, we explore genotypic differences in carbon partitioning for in vitro cultured developing embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). 25944824 0 76 theme Metabolism 44:53 arg1 Analysis 24:31 Quantitative Multilevel Analysis 0:31 Quantitative Multilevel Analysis of Central Metabolism in Developing Oilseeds of Oilseed Rape during in Vitro Culture. 0:117 Quantitative Multilevel Analysis of Central Metabolism in Developing Oilseeds of Oilseed Rape during in Vitro Culture. 25944824 5 77 with activities 789:798 arg1 focus 814:818 specific focus 805:818 specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions 805:878 We determined biomass composition as well as 79 net fluxes, the levels of 77 metabolites, and 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions. 25944824 9 78 theme pyruvate 1369:1376 arg1 kinase 1378:1383 plastidic pyruvate kinase 1359:1383 plastidic pyruvate kinase 1359:1383 Enzyme activity/flux and metabolite/flux correlations suggest that plastidic pyruvate kinase exerts flux control and that the lipid/starch tradeoff is most likely mediated by allosteric feedback regulation of phosphofructokinase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. 25944824 12 79 theme quantitative 1869:1880 arg1 data 1882:1885 quantitative data 1869:1885 quantitative data 1869:1885 This study provides a rich source of quantitative data for those studying central metabolism. 25944824 2 80 theme Continued 183:191 arg1 increases 193:201 Continued increases 183:201 Continued increases in seed yield, composition, and quality 183:241 Continued increases in seed yield, composition, and quality require an improved understanding of how the developing seed converts carbon and nitrogen supplies into storage. 25944824 3 81 theme enzyme 476:481 arg1 concentration 483:495 enzyme concentration 476:495 enzyme concentration 476:495 Current knowledge of this process is often based on the premise that transcriptional regulation directly translates via enzyme concentration into flux. 25944824 12 82 theme rich 1854:1857 arg1 source 1859:1864 a rich source 1852:1864 a rich source of quantitative data for those studying central metabolism 1852:1923 This study provides a rich source of quantitative data for those studying central metabolism. 25944824 4 83 theme carbon 590:595 arg1 partitioning 597:608 carbon partitioning 590:608 carbon partitioning 590:608 In an attempt to highlight metabolic control, we explore genotypic differences in carbon partitioning for in vitro cultured developing embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). 25944824 2 84 theme developing 288:297 arg1 seed 299:302 the developing seed 284:302 the developing seed 284:302 Continued increases in seed yield, composition, and quality require an improved understanding of how the developing seed converts carbon and nitrogen supplies into storage. 25944824 0 85 theme Multilevel 13:22 arg1 Analysis 24:31 Quantitative Multilevel Analysis 0:31 Quantitative Multilevel Analysis of Central Metabolism in Developing Oilseeds of Oilseed Rape during in Vitro Culture. 0:117 Quantitative Multilevel Analysis of Central Metabolism in Developing Oilseeds of Oilseed Rape during in Vitro Culture. 27814685 8 0 theme taxonomic 1047:1055 arg1 OTUs 1064:1067 OTUs 1064:1067 OTUs 1064:1067 It was found that 34 special operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in OD groups and 4 special OTUs in ID groups. 27814685 8 0 theme taxonomic 1047:1055 arg1 units 1057:1061 34 special operational taxonomic units 1024:1061 34 special operational taxonomic units (OTUs) 1024:1068 It was found that 34 special operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in OD groups and 4 special OTUs in ID groups. 27814685 8 1 from groups 1076:1081 arg1 groups 1108:1113 ID groups 1105:1113 ID groups 1105:1113 It was found that 34 special operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in OD groups and 4 special OTUs in ID groups. 27814685 12 2 theme glycan 1579:1584 arg1 pathway 1596:1602 glycan metabolic pathway 1579:1602 glycan metabolic pathway 1579:1602 Cecal microbiota in the OD groups have higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway. 27814685 11 3 dep old 1403:1405 arg1 0.42 1408:1411 0.42 1408:1411 0.42 1408:1411 The OD groups showed a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes (>50 %) in cecum, but a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in both 12-w old (0.42, 0.62) and 18-w old groups (0.37, 0.49) compared with the ID groups. 27814685 6 4 theme 12-w 741:744 arg1 groups 724:729 4 groups 722:729 4 groups (12-w OD, 12-w ID, 18-w OD, and 18-w ID) 722:770 RESULTS Cecal samples were collected from 24 chickens across 4 groups (12-w OD, 12-w ID, 18-w OD, and 18-w ID). 27814685 6 4 theme 12-w 741:744 arg1 ID 746:747 12-w ID 741:747 12-w ID 741:747 RESULTS Cecal samples were collected from 24 chickens across 4 groups (12-w OD, 12-w ID, 18-w OD, and 18-w ID). 27814685 4 5 theme gut 433:435 arg1 microbiota 437:446 An optimal gut microbiota 422:446 An optimal gut microbiota 422:446 An optimal gut microbiota can increase agricultural productivity. 27814685 12 6 theme functions 1541:1549 arg1 abundance 1528:1536 higher abundance 1521:1536 higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway 1521:1602 Cecal microbiota in the OD groups have higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway. 27814685 11 7 theme old 1429:1431 arg1 groups 1433:1438 both 12-w old (0.42, 0.62) and 18-w old groups 1393:1438 both 12-w old (0.42, 0.62) and 18-w old groups 1393:1438 The OD groups showed a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes (>50 %) in cecum, but a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in both 12-w old (0.42, 0.62) and 18-w old groups (0.37, 0.49) compared with the ID groups. 27814685 11 8 theme Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes 1359:1382 arg1 ratio 1384:1388 a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio 1351:1388 a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio 1351:1388 The OD groups showed a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes (>50 %) in cecum, but a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in both 12-w old (0.42, 0.62) and 18-w old groups (0.37, 0.49) compared with the ID groups. 27814685 13 9 theme Dagu 1668:1671 arg1 chicken 1673:1679 Dagu chicken 1668:1679 Dagu chicken 1668:1679 CONCLUSION The composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken under two feeding modes, free-range and cage raising are different. 27814685 8 10 from OTUs 1097:1100 arg1 groups 1108:1113 ID groups 1105:1113 ID groups 1105:1113 It was found that 34 special operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in OD groups and 4 special OTUs in ID groups. 27814685 1 11 theme complicated 172:182 arg1 ecosystem 184:192 an important and complicated ecosystem 155:192 an important and complicated ecosystem for the host 155:205 BACKGROUND The chicken gut microbiota is an important and complicated ecosystem for the host. 27814685 1 11 theme complicated 172:182 arg1 microbiota 141:150 The chicken gut microbiota 125:150 The chicken gut microbiota 125:150 BACKGROUND The chicken gut microbiota is an important and complicated ecosystem for the host. 27814685 10 12 with phylum 1192:1197 arg1 proportion 1216:1225 the largest proportion 1204:1225 the largest proportion 1204:1225 Bacteroidetes was the most abundant phylum with the largest proportion, followed by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. 27814685 6 13 dep groups 724:729 arg1 groups 724:729 4 groups 722:729 4 groups (12-w OD, 12-w ID, 18-w OD, and 18-w ID) 722:770 RESULTS Cecal samples were collected from 24 chickens across 4 groups (12-w OD, 12-w ID, 18-w OD, and 18-w ID). 27814685 6 13 dep groups 724:729 arg1 OD 737:738 12-w OD 732:738 12-w OD 732:738 RESULTS Cecal samples were collected from 24 chickens across 4 groups (12-w OD, 12-w ID, 18-w OD, and 18-w ID). 27814685 6 13 dep groups 724:729 arg1 ID 746:747 12-w ID 741:747 12-w ID 741:747 RESULTS Cecal samples were collected from 24 chickens across 4 groups (12-w OD, 12-w ID, 18-w OD, and 18-w ID). 27814685 6 13 dep groups 724:729 arg1 OD 755:756 18-w OD 750:756 18-w OD 750:756 RESULTS Cecal samples were collected from 24 chickens across 4 groups (12-w OD, 12-w ID, 18-w OD, and 18-w ID). 27814685 6 13 dep groups 724:729 arg1 ID 768:769 18-w ID 763:769 18-w ID 763:769 RESULTS Cecal samples were collected from 24 chickens across 4 groups (12-w OD, 12-w ID, 18-w OD, and 18-w ID). 27814685 7 14 theme raising 988:994 arg1 chickens 996:1003 free-range and cage raising chickens 968:1003 free-range and cage raising chickens 968:1003 We performed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes V4 hypervariable regions to characterize the cecal microbiota of Dagu chicken and compare the difference of cecal microbiota between free-range and cage raising chickens. 27814685 11 15 theme 12-w 1398:1401 arg1 groups 1433:1438 both 12-w old (0.42, 0.62) and 18-w old groups 1393:1438 both 12-w old (0.42, 0.62) and 18-w old groups 1393:1438 The OD groups showed a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes (>50 %) in cecum, but a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in both 12-w old (0.42, 0.62) and 18-w old groups (0.37, 0.49) compared with the ID groups. 27814685 15 16 theme functions 1960:1968 arg1 abundance 1947:1955 higher abundance 1940:1955 higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway 1940:2021 Cecal microbiota in free-range mode have higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway. 27814685 7 17 theme 16S 820:822 arg1 genes 829:833 the 16S rRNA genes 816:833 the 16S rRNA genes 816:833 We performed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes V4 hypervariable regions to characterize the cecal microbiota of Dagu chicken and compare the difference of cecal microbiota between free-range and cage raising chickens. 27814685 5 18 dep composition 519:529 arg1 the 515:517 the 515:517 the 515:517 This study aims to explore the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken under two feeding modes, free-range (outdoor, OD) and cage (indoor, ID) raising. 27814685 8 19 theme special 1089:1095 arg1 OTUs 1097:1100 4 special OTUs 1087:1100 4 special OTUs in ID groups 1087:1113 It was found that 34 special operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in OD groups and 4 special OTUs in ID groups. 27814685 2 20 theme important 221:229 arg1 role 231:234 an important role 218:234 an important role 218:234 They play an important role in converting food into nutrient and energy. 27814685 5 21 from function 535:542 arg1 chicken 572:578 Dagu chicken 567:578 Dagu chicken 567:578 This study aims to explore the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken under two feeding modes, free-range (outdoor, OD) and cage (indoor, ID) raising. 27814685 0 22 from function 68:75 arg1 chicken 105:111 Dagu chicken 100:111 Dagu chicken 100:111 High-throughput sequencing technology to reveal the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken. 27814685 7 23 theme cecal 943:947 arg1 microbiota 949:958 cecal microbiota 943:958 cecal microbiota 943:958 We performed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes V4 hypervariable regions to characterize the cecal microbiota of Dagu chicken and compare the difference of cecal microbiota between free-range and cage raising chickens. 27814685 7 24 theme Dagu 900:903 arg1 chicken 905:911 Dagu chicken 900:911 Dagu chicken 900:911 We performed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes V4 hypervariable regions to characterize the cecal microbiota of Dagu chicken and compare the difference of cecal microbiota between free-range and cage raising chickens. 27814685 0 25 from chicken 105:111 arg1 function 68:75 function 68:75 function 68:75 High-throughput sequencing technology to reveal the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken. 27814685 0 25 from chicken 105:111 arg1 composition 52:62 composition 52:62 composition 52:62 High-throughput sequencing technology to reveal the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken. 27814685 12 26 from microbiota 1488:1497 arg1 groups 1509:1514 the OD groups 1502:1514 the OD groups 1502:1514 Cecal microbiota in the OD groups have higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway. 27814685 7 27 theme chicken 905:911 arg1 microbiota 886:895 the cecal microbiota 876:895 the cecal microbiota of Dagu chicken 876:911 We performed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes V4 hypervariable regions to characterize the cecal microbiota of Dagu chicken and compare the difference of cecal microbiota between free-range and cage raising chickens. 27814685 1 28 theme gut 137:139 arg1 ecosystem 184:192 an important and complicated ecosystem 155:192 an important and complicated ecosystem for the host 155:205 BACKGROUND The chicken gut microbiota is an important and complicated ecosystem for the host. 27814685 1 28 theme gut 137:139 arg1 microbiota 141:150 The chicken gut microbiota 125:150 The chicken gut microbiota 125:150 BACKGROUND The chicken gut microbiota is an important and complicated ecosystem for the host. 27814685 15 29 theme metabolic 2005:2013 arg1 pathway 2015:2021 glycan metabolic pathway 1998:2021 glycan metabolic pathway 1998:2021 Cecal microbiota in free-range mode have higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway. 27814685 13 30 dep composition 1620:1630 arg1 The 1616:1618 The 1616:1618 The 1616:1618 CONCLUSION The composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken under two feeding modes, free-range and cage raising are different. 27814685 12 31 contain have 1516:1519 arg1 microbiota 1488:1497 Cecal microbiota 1482:1497 Cecal microbiota in the OD groups 1482:1514 Cecal microbiota in the OD groups have higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway. 27814685 12 31 contain have 1516:1519 arg2 abundance 1528:1536 higher abundance 1521:1536 higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway 1521:1602 Cecal microbiota in the OD groups have higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway. 27814685 15 32 theme glycan 1998:2003 arg1 pathway 2015:2021 glycan metabolic pathway 1998:2021 glycan metabolic pathway 1998:2021 Cecal microbiota in free-range mode have higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway. 27814685 3 33 theme microbiome 304:313 arg1 capacity 292:299 The coding capacity 281:299 The coding capacity of microbiome 281:313 The coding capacity of microbiome vastly surpasses that of the host's genome, encoding biochemical pathways that the host has not developed. 27814685 8 34 located found 1013:1017 arg1 groups 1076:1081 OD groups 1073:1081 OD groups 1073:1081 It was found that 34 special operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in OD groups and 4 special OTUs in ID groups. 27814685 8 34 located found 1013:1017 arg1 OTUs 1097:1100 4 special OTUs 1087:1100 4 special OTUs in ID groups 1087:1113 It was found that 34 special operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in OD groups and 4 special OTUs in ID groups. 27814685 8 34 located found 1013:1017 arg2 It 1006:1007 It 1006:1007 It 1006:1007 It was found that 34 special operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in OD groups and 4 special OTUs in ID groups. 27814685 11 35 theme lower 1353:1357 arg1 ratio 1384:1388 a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio 1351:1388 a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio 1351:1388 The OD groups showed a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes (>50 %) in cecum, but a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in both 12-w old (0.42, 0.62) and 18-w old groups (0.37, 0.49) compared with the ID groups. 27814685 0 36 theme cecal 80:84 arg1 microbiota 86:95 cecal microbiota 80:95 cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken 80:111 High-throughput sequencing technology to reveal the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken. 27814685 1 37 theme important 158:166 arg1 ecosystem 184:192 an important and complicated ecosystem 155:192 an important and complicated ecosystem for the host 155:205 BACKGROUND The chicken gut microbiota is an important and complicated ecosystem for the host. 27814685 1 37 theme important 158:166 arg1 microbiota 141:150 The chicken gut microbiota 125:150 The chicken gut microbiota 125:150 BACKGROUND The chicken gut microbiota is an important and complicated ecosystem for the host. 27814685 13 38 theme feeding 1691:1697 arg1 modes 1699:1703 two feeding modes 1687:1703 two feeding modes 1687:1703 CONCLUSION The composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken under two feeding modes, free-range and cage raising are different. 27814685 7 39 theme hypervariable 838:850 arg1 regions 852:858 V4 hypervariable regions 835:858 V4 hypervariable regions 835:858 We performed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes V4 hypervariable regions to characterize the cecal microbiota of Dagu chicken and compare the difference of cecal microbiota between free-range and cage raising chickens. 27814685 14 40 theme Bacteroidetes 1800:1812 arg1 cecum 1817:1821 Bacteroidetes in cecum 1800:1821 Bacteroidetes in cecum 1800:1821 The cage raising mode showed a lower proportion of Bacteroidetes in cecum, but a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared with free-range mode. 27814685 5 41 dep cage 634:637 arg1 indoor 640:645 indoor 640:645 indoor 640:645 This study aims to explore the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken under two feeding modes, free-range (outdoor, OD) and cage (indoor, ID) raising. 27814685 5 41 dep cage 634:637 arg1 ID 648:649 ID 648:649 ID 648:649 This study aims to explore the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken under two feeding modes, free-range (outdoor, OD) and cage (indoor, ID) raising. 27814685 0 42 from composition 52:62 arg1 chicken 105:111 Dagu chicken 100:111 Dagu chicken 100:111 High-throughput sequencing technology to reveal the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken. 27814685 1 43 dep BACKGROUND 114:123 arg1 ecosystem 184:192 an important and complicated ecosystem 155:192 an important and complicated ecosystem for the host 155:205 BACKGROUND The chicken gut microbiota is an important and complicated ecosystem for the host. 27814685 1 43 dep BACKGROUND 114:123 arg1 microbiota 141:150 The chicken gut microbiota 125:150 The chicken gut microbiota 125:150 BACKGROUND The chicken gut microbiota is an important and complicated ecosystem for the host. 27814685 13 44 theme microbiota 1654:1663 arg1 function 1636:1643 function 1636:1643 function 1636:1643 CONCLUSION The composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken under two feeding modes, free-range and cage raising are different. 27814685 13 44 theme microbiota 1654:1663 arg1 composition 1620:1630 composition 1620:1630 composition 1620:1630 CONCLUSION The composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken under two feeding modes, free-range and cage raising are different. 27814685 5 45 theme microbiota 553:562 arg1 function 535:542 function 535:542 function 535:542 This study aims to explore the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken under two feeding modes, free-range (outdoor, OD) and cage (indoor, ID) raising. 27814685 5 45 theme microbiota 553:562 arg1 composition 519:529 composition 519:529 composition 519:529 This study aims to explore the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken under two feeding modes, free-range (outdoor, OD) and cage (indoor, ID) raising. 27814685 4 46 theme agricultural 461:472 arg1 productivity 474:485 agricultural productivity 461:485 agricultural productivity 461:485 An optimal gut microbiota can increase agricultural productivity. 27814685 14 47 theme free-range 1882:1891 arg1 mode 1893:1896 free-range mode 1882:1896 free-range mode 1882:1896 The cage raising mode showed a lower proportion of Bacteroidetes in cecum, but a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared with free-range mode. 27814685 11 48 theme 0.62 1414:1417 arg1 0.42 1408:1411 0.42 1408:1411 0.42 1408:1411 The OD groups showed a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes (>50 %) in cecum, but a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in both 12-w old (0.42, 0.62) and 18-w old groups (0.37, 0.49) compared with the ID groups. 27814685 0 49 theme High-throughput 0:14 arg1 technology 27:36 High-throughput sequencing technology 0:36 High-throughput sequencing technology 0:36 High-throughput sequencing technology to reveal the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken. 27814685 11 50 dep 0.37 1441:1444 arg1 0.49 1447:1450 0.49 1447:1450 0.49 1447:1450 The OD groups showed a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes (>50 %) in cecum, but a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in both 12-w old (0.42, 0.62) and 18-w old groups (0.37, 0.49) compared with the ID groups. 27814685 5 51 theme Dagu 567:570 arg1 chicken 572:578 Dagu chicken 567:578 Dagu chicken 567:578 This study aims to explore the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken under two feeding modes, free-range (outdoor, OD) and cage (indoor, ID) raising. 27814685 14 52 theme raising 1758:1764 arg1 mode 1766:1769 The cage raising mode 1749:1769 The cage raising mode 1749:1769 The cage raising mode showed a lower proportion of Bacteroidetes in cecum, but a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared with free-range mode. 27814685 15 53 contain have 1935:1938 arg1 microbiota 1905:1914 Cecal microbiota 1899:1914 Cecal microbiota in free-range mode 1899:1933 Cecal microbiota in free-range mode have higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway. 27814685 15 53 contain have 1935:1938 arg2 abundance 1947:1955 higher abundance 1940:1955 higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway 1940:2021 Cecal microbiota in free-range mode have higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway. 27814685 14 54 theme Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes 1837:1860 arg1 ratio 1862:1866 a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio 1828:1866 a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio 1828:1866 The cage raising mode showed a lower proportion of Bacteroidetes in cecum, but a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared with free-range mode. 27814685 11 55 theme Bacteroidetes 1315:1327 arg1 proportion 1301:1310 a higher proportion 1292:1310 a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes (>50 %) in cecum 1292:1344 The OD groups showed a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes (>50 %) in cecum, but a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in both 12-w old (0.42, 0.62) and 18-w old groups (0.37, 0.49) compared with the ID groups. 27814685 0 56 dep composition 52:62 arg1 the 48:50 the 48:50 the 48:50 High-throughput sequencing technology to reveal the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken. 27814685 10 57 theme abundant 1183:1190 arg1 phylum 1192:1197 the most abundant phylum 1174:1197 the most abundant phylum with the largest proportion, followed by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria 1174:1268 Bacteroidetes was the most abundant phylum with the largest proportion, followed by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. 27814685 10 57 theme abundant 1183:1190 arg1 Bacteroidetes 1156:1168 Bacteroidetes 1156:1168 Bacteroidetes 1156:1168 Bacteroidetes was the most abundant phylum with the largest proportion, followed by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. 27814685 5 58 from composition 519:529 arg1 chicken 572:578 Dagu chicken 567:578 Dagu chicken 567:578 This study aims to explore the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken under two feeding modes, free-range (outdoor, OD) and cage (indoor, ID) raising. 27814685 8 59 theme 34 1024:1025 arg1 OTUs 1064:1067 OTUs 1064:1067 OTUs 1064:1067 It was found that 34 special operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in OD groups and 4 special OTUs in ID groups. 27814685 8 59 theme 34 1024:1025 arg1 units 1057:1061 34 special operational taxonomic units 1024:1061 34 special operational taxonomic units (OTUs) 1024:1068 It was found that 34 special operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in OD groups and 4 special OTUs in ID groups. 27814685 11 60 from proportion 1301:1310 arg1 cecum 1340:1344 cecum 1340:1344 cecum 1340:1344 The OD groups showed a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes (>50 %) in cecum, but a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in both 12-w old (0.42, 0.62) and 18-w old groups (0.37, 0.49) compared with the ID groups. 27814685 12 61 theme metabolic 1586:1594 arg1 pathway 1596:1602 glycan metabolic pathway 1579:1602 glycan metabolic pathway 1579:1602 Cecal microbiota in the OD groups have higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway. 27814685 8 62 theme OD 1073:1074 arg1 groups 1076:1081 OD groups 1073:1081 OD groups 1073:1081 It was found that 34 special operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in OD groups and 4 special OTUs in ID groups. 27814685 10 63 theme largest 1208:1214 arg1 proportion 1216:1225 the largest proportion 1204:1225 the largest proportion 1204:1225 Bacteroidetes was the most abundant phylum with the largest proportion, followed by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. 27814685 8 64 theme operational 1035:1045 arg1 OTUs 1064:1067 OTUs 1064:1067 OTUs 1064:1067 It was found that 34 special operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in OD groups and 4 special OTUs in ID groups. 27814685 8 64 theme operational 1035:1045 arg1 units 1057:1061 34 special operational taxonomic units 1024:1061 34 special operational taxonomic units (OTUs) 1024:1068 It was found that 34 special operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in OD groups and 4 special OTUs in ID groups. 27814685 15 65 theme Cecal 1899:1903 arg1 microbiota 1905:1914 Cecal microbiota 1899:1914 Cecal microbiota in free-range mode 1899:1933 Cecal microbiota in free-range mode have higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway. 27814685 12 66 theme amino 1563:1567 arg1 acids 1569:1573 amino acids 1563:1573 amino acids 1563:1573 Cecal microbiota in the OD groups have higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway. 27814685 11 67 theme ID 1471:1472 arg1 groups 1474:1479 the ID groups 1467:1479 the ID groups 1467:1479 The OD groups showed a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes (>50 %) in cecum, but a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in both 12-w old (0.42, 0.62) and 18-w old groups (0.37, 0.49) compared with the ID groups. 27814685 6 68 theme 12-w 732:735 arg1 groups 724:729 4 groups 722:729 4 groups (12-w OD, 12-w ID, 18-w OD, and 18-w ID) 722:770 RESULTS Cecal samples were collected from 24 chickens across 4 groups (12-w OD, 12-w ID, 18-w OD, and 18-w ID). 27814685 6 68 theme 12-w 732:735 arg1 OD 737:738 12-w OD 732:738 12-w OD 732:738 RESULTS Cecal samples were collected from 24 chickens across 4 groups (12-w OD, 12-w ID, 18-w OD, and 18-w ID). 27814685 12 69 theme higher 1521:1526 arg1 abundance 1528:1536 higher abundance 1521:1536 higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway 1521:1602 Cecal microbiota in the OD groups have higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway. 27814685 8 70 theme ID 1105:1106 arg1 groups 1108:1113 ID groups 1105:1113 ID groups 1105:1113 It was found that 34 special operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in OD groups and 4 special OTUs in ID groups. 27814685 7 71 theme cage 983:986 arg1 chickens 996:1003 free-range and cage raising chickens 968:1003 free-range and cage raising chickens 968:1003 We performed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes V4 hypervariable regions to characterize the cecal microbiota of Dagu chicken and compare the difference of cecal microbiota between free-range and cage raising chickens. 27814685 7 72 theme free-range 968:977 arg1 chickens 996:1003 free-range and cage raising chickens 968:1003 free-range and cage raising chickens 968:1003 We performed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes V4 hypervariable regions to characterize the cecal microbiota of Dagu chicken and compare the difference of cecal microbiota between free-range and cage raising chickens. 27814685 11 73 theme old 1403:1405 arg1 groups 1433:1438 both 12-w old (0.42, 0.62) and 18-w old groups 1393:1438 both 12-w old (0.42, 0.62) and 18-w old groups 1393:1438 The OD groups showed a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes (>50 %) in cecum, but a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in both 12-w old (0.42, 0.62) and 18-w old groups (0.37, 0.49) compared with the ID groups. 27814685 15 74 theme higher 1940:1945 arg1 abundance 1947:1955 higher abundance 1940:1955 higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway 1940:2021 Cecal microbiota in free-range mode have higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway. 27814685 4 75 theme optimal 425:431 arg1 microbiota 437:446 An optimal gut microbiota 422:446 An optimal gut microbiota 422:446 An optimal gut microbiota can increase agricultural productivity. 27814685 7 76 theme microbiota 949:958 arg1 difference 929:938 the difference 925:938 the difference of cecal microbiota between free-range and cage raising chickens 925:1003 We performed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes V4 hypervariable regions to characterize the cecal microbiota of Dagu chicken and compare the difference of cecal microbiota between free-range and cage raising chickens. 27814685 11 77 dep showed 1285:1290 arg1 0.37 1441:1444 0.37 1441:1444 0.37 1441:1444 The OD groups showed a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes (>50 %) in cecum, but a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in both 12-w old (0.42, 0.62) and 18-w old groups (0.37, 0.49) compared with the ID groups. 27814685 6 78 theme 18-w 750:753 arg1 groups 724:729 4 groups 722:729 4 groups (12-w OD, 12-w ID, 18-w OD, and 18-w ID) 722:770 RESULTS Cecal samples were collected from 24 chickens across 4 groups (12-w OD, 12-w ID, 18-w OD, and 18-w ID). 27814685 6 78 theme 18-w 750:753 arg1 OD 755:756 18-w OD 750:756 18-w OD 750:756 RESULTS Cecal samples were collected from 24 chickens across 4 groups (12-w OD, 12-w ID, 18-w OD, and 18-w ID). 27814685 15 79 theme free-range 1919:1928 arg1 mode 1930:1933 free-range mode 1919:1933 free-range mode 1919:1933 Cecal microbiota in free-range mode have higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway. 27814685 5 80 theme cecal 547:551 arg1 microbiota 553:562 cecal microbiota 547:562 cecal microbiota 547:562 This study aims to explore the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken under two feeding modes, free-range (outdoor, OD) and cage (indoor, ID) raising. 27814685 1 81 theme chicken 129:135 arg1 ecosystem 184:192 an important and complicated ecosystem 155:192 an important and complicated ecosystem for the host 155:205 BACKGROUND The chicken gut microbiota is an important and complicated ecosystem for the host. 27814685 1 81 theme chicken 129:135 arg1 microbiota 141:150 The chicken gut microbiota 125:150 The chicken gut microbiota 125:150 BACKGROUND The chicken gut microbiota is an important and complicated ecosystem for the host. 27814685 3 82 theme coding 285:290 arg1 capacity 292:299 The coding capacity 281:299 The coding capacity of microbiome 281:313 The coding capacity of microbiome vastly surpasses that of the host's genome, encoding biochemical pathways that the host has not developed. 27814685 15 83 from microbiota 1905:1914 arg1 mode 1930:1933 free-range mode 1919:1933 free-range mode 1919:1933 Cecal microbiota in free-range mode have higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway. 27814685 14 84 theme cage 1753:1756 arg1 mode 1766:1769 The cage raising mode 1749:1769 The cage raising mode 1749:1769 The cage raising mode showed a lower proportion of Bacteroidetes in cecum, but a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared with free-range mode. 27814685 0 85 theme microbiota 86:95 arg1 function 68:75 function 68:75 function 68:75 High-throughput sequencing technology to reveal the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken. 27814685 0 85 theme microbiota 86:95 arg1 composition 52:62 composition 52:62 composition 52:62 High-throughput sequencing technology to reveal the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken. 27814685 7 86 theme cecal 880:884 arg1 microbiota 886:895 the cecal microbiota 876:895 the cecal microbiota of Dagu chicken 876:911 We performed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes V4 hypervariable regions to characterize the cecal microbiota of Dagu chicken and compare the difference of cecal microbiota between free-range and cage raising chickens. 27814685 15 87 theme amino 1982:1986 arg1 acids 1988:1992 amino acids 1982:1992 amino acids 1982:1992 Cecal microbiota in free-range mode have higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway. 27814685 0 88 from microbiota 86:95 arg1 chicken 105:111 Dagu chicken 100:111 Dagu chicken 100:111 High-throughput sequencing technology to reveal the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken. 27814685 0 89 theme Dagu 100:103 arg1 chicken 105:111 Dagu chicken 100:111 Dagu chicken 100:111 High-throughput sequencing technology to reveal the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken. 27814685 5 90 theme feeding 590:596 arg1 cage 634:637 cage 634:637 cage 634:637 This study aims to explore the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken under two feeding modes, free-range (outdoor, OD) and cage (indoor, ID) raising. 27814685 5 90 theme feeding 590:596 arg1 free-range 605:614 free-range 605:614 free-range 605:614 This study aims to explore the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken under two feeding modes, free-range (outdoor, OD) and cage (indoor, ID) raising. 27814685 5 90 theme feeding 590:596 arg1 modes 598:602 two feeding modes 586:602 two feeding modes 586:602 This study aims to explore the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken under two feeding modes, free-range (outdoor, OD) and cage (indoor, ID) raising. 27814685 14 91 theme in 1814:1815 arg1 cecum 1817:1821 Bacteroidetes in cecum 1800:1821 Bacteroidetes in cecum 1800:1821 The cage raising mode showed a lower proportion of Bacteroidetes in cecum, but a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared with free-range mode. 27814685 12 92 theme Cecal 1482:1486 arg1 microbiota 1488:1497 Cecal microbiota 1482:1497 Cecal microbiota in the OD groups 1482:1514 Cecal microbiota in the OD groups have higher abundance of functions involved in amino acids and glycan metabolic pathway. 27814685 11 93 theme higher 1294:1299 arg1 proportion 1301:1310 a higher proportion 1292:1310 a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes (>50 %) in cecum 1292:1344 The OD groups showed a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes (>50 %) in cecum, but a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in both 12-w old (0.42, 0.62) and 18-w old groups (0.37, 0.49) compared with the ID groups. 27814685 13 94 theme cecal 1648:1652 arg1 microbiota 1654:1663 cecal microbiota 1648:1663 cecal microbiota 1648:1663 CONCLUSION The composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken under two feeding modes, free-range and cage raising are different. 27814685 0 95 theme sequencing 16:25 arg1 technology 27:36 High-throughput sequencing technology 0:36 High-throughput sequencing technology 0:36 High-throughput sequencing technology to reveal the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken. 27814685 7 96 theme V4 835:836 arg1 regions 852:858 V4 hypervariable regions 835:858 V4 hypervariable regions 835:858 We performed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes V4 hypervariable regions to characterize the cecal microbiota of Dagu chicken and compare the difference of cecal microbiota between free-range and cage raising chickens. 27814685 14 97 theme lower 1780:1784 arg1 proportion 1786:1795 a lower proportion 1778:1795 a lower proportion of Bacteroidetes in cecum 1778:1821 The cage raising mode showed a lower proportion of Bacteroidetes in cecum, but a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared with free-range mode. 27814685 3 98 theme biochemical 368:378 arg1 pathways 380:387 biochemical pathways 368:387 biochemical pathways that the host has not developed 368:419 The coding capacity of microbiome vastly surpasses that of the host's genome, encoding biochemical pathways that the host has not developed. 27814685 7 99 theme rRNA 824:827 arg1 genes 829:833 the 16S rRNA genes 816:833 the 16S rRNA genes 816:833 We performed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes V4 hypervariable regions to characterize the cecal microbiota of Dagu chicken and compare the difference of cecal microbiota between free-range and cage raising chickens. 27814685 6 100 theme 18-w 763:766 arg1 groups 724:729 4 groups 722:729 4 groups (12-w OD, 12-w ID, 18-w OD, and 18-w ID) 722:770 RESULTS Cecal samples were collected from 24 chickens across 4 groups (12-w OD, 12-w ID, 18-w OD, and 18-w ID). 27814685 6 100 theme 18-w 763:766 arg1 ID 768:769 18-w ID 763:769 18-w ID 763:769 RESULTS Cecal samples were collected from 24 chickens across 4 groups (12-w OD, 12-w ID, 18-w OD, and 18-w ID). 27814685 13 101 from function 1636:1643 arg1 chicken 1673:1679 Dagu chicken 1668:1679 Dagu chicken 1668:1679 CONCLUSION The composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken under two feeding modes, free-range and cage raising are different. 27814685 5 102 dep outdoor 617:623 arg1 OD 626:627 OD 626:627 OD 626:627 This study aims to explore the composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken under two feeding modes, free-range (outdoor, OD) and cage (indoor, ID) raising. 27814685 14 103 theme higher 1830:1835 arg1 ratio 1862:1866 a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio 1828:1866 a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio 1828:1866 The cage raising mode showed a lower proportion of Bacteroidetes in cecum, but a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared with free-range mode. 27814685 13 104 from composition 1620:1630 arg1 chicken 1673:1679 Dagu chicken 1668:1679 Dagu chicken 1668:1679 CONCLUSION The composition and function of cecal microbiota in Dagu chicken under two feeding modes, free-range and cage raising are different. 27814685 7 105 theme genes 829:833 arg1 sequencing 802:811 high-throughput sequencing 786:811 high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes 786:833 We performed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes V4 hypervariable regions to characterize the cecal microbiota of Dagu chicken and compare the difference of cecal microbiota between free-range and cage raising chickens. 27814685 6 106 dep RESULTS 661:667 arg1 collected 688:696 collected 688:696 were collected from 24 chickens across 4 groups (12-w OD, 12-w ID, 18-w OD, and 18-w ID) 683:770 RESULTS Cecal samples were collected from 24 chickens across 4 groups (12-w OD, 12-w ID, 18-w OD, and 18-w ID). 27814685 14 107 theme cecum 1817:1821 arg1 proportion 1786:1795 a lower proportion 1778:1795 a lower proportion of Bacteroidetes in cecum 1778:1821 The cage raising mode showed a lower proportion of Bacteroidetes in cecum, but a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared with free-range mode. 27814685 7 108 theme high-throughput 786:800 arg1 sequencing 802:811 high-throughput sequencing 786:811 high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes 786:833 We performed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes V4 hypervariable regions to characterize the cecal microbiota of Dagu chicken and compare the difference of cecal microbiota between free-range and cage raising chickens. 27814685 8 109 theme special 1027:1033 arg1 OTUs 1064:1067 OTUs 1064:1067 OTUs 1064:1067 It was found that 34 special operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in OD groups and 4 special OTUs in ID groups. 27814685 8 109 theme special 1027:1033 arg1 units 1057:1061 34 special operational taxonomic units 1024:1061 34 special operational taxonomic units (OTUs) 1024:1068 It was found that 34 special operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in OD groups and 4 special OTUs in ID groups. 27814685 6 110 theme Cecal 669:673 arg1 samples 675:681 Cecal samples 669:681 Cecal samples 669:681 RESULTS Cecal samples were collected from 24 chickens across 4 groups (12-w OD, 12-w ID, 18-w OD, and 18-w ID). 29043951 6 0 theme gene 441:444 arg1 sequence 446:453 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 428:453 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 428:453 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 7972T belonged to the genus Verrucosispora and shared the highest sequence similarity with V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) and V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %). 29043951 11 1 theme fatty 993:997 arg1 acids 999:1003 branched fatty acids iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 984:1031 branched fatty acids iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 984:1031 The predominant fatty acids were branched fatty acids iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29043951 11 1 theme fatty 993:997 arg1 acids 973:977 The predominant fatty acids 951:977 The predominant fatty acids 951:977 The predominant fatty acids were branched fatty acids iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29043951 5 2 theme polyphasic 407:416 arg1 approach 418:425 a polyphasic approach 405:425 a polyphasic approach 405:425 The taxonomic position was described using a polyphasic approach. 29043951 7 3 theme DNA-DNA 682:688 arg1 relatedness 690:700 DNA-DNA relatedness 682:700 DNA-DNA relatedness that distinguished this novel strain from its closest species 682:762 The values of DNA-DNA relatedness that distinguished this novel strain from its closest species were below 70 %. 29043951 6 4 theme genus 529:533 arg1 Verrucosispora 535:548 the genus Verrucosispora 525:548 the genus Verrucosispora 525:548 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 7972T belonged to the genus Verrucosispora and shared the highest sequence similarity with V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) and V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %). 29043951 14 5 theme new 1317:1319 arg1 112512T 1368:1374 =BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T 1340:1374 =BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T 1340:1374 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 14 5 theme new 1317:1319 arg1 7972T 1333:1337 the new isolate A-T 7972T 1313:1337 the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) 1313:1375 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 14 5 theme new 1317:1319 arg1 strain 1404:1409 the type strain 1395:1409 the type strain of novel species 1395:1426 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 6 6 theme rRNA 436:439 arg1 sequence 446:453 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 428:453 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 428:453 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 7972T belonged to the genus Verrucosispora and shared the highest sequence similarity with V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) and V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %). 29043951 8 7 contain contained 809:817 arg2 acid 839:842 meso-diaminopimelic acid 819:842 meso-diaminopimelic acid 819:842 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 29043951 8 7 contain contained 809:817 arg1 peptidoglycan 795:807 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 781:807 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 781:807 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 29043951 14 8 theme novel 1414:1418 arg1 species 1420:1426 novel species 1414:1426 novel species 1414:1426 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 7 9 theme relatedness 690:700 arg1 values 672:677 The values 668:677 The values of DNA-DNA relatedness that distinguished this novel strain from its closest species 668:762 The values of DNA-DNA relatedness that distinguished this novel strain from its closest species were below 70 %. 29043951 6 10 theme 16S 432:434 arg1 rRNA 436:439 The 16S rRNA 428:439 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 428:453 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 7972T belonged to the genus Verrucosispora and shared the highest sequence similarity with V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) and V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %). 29043951 4 11 from surface 332:338 arg1 mycelia 353:359 substrate mycelia 343:359 substrate mycelia 343:359 The bacterium developed single non-motile spores with warty surface on substrate mycelia. 29043951 8 12 theme meso-diaminopimelic 819:837 arg1 acid 839:842 meso-diaminopimelic acid 819:842 meso-diaminopimelic acid 819:842 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 29043951 2 13 theme endophytic 127:136 arg1 7972T 171:175 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T 119:175 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T 119:175 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T, was isolated from wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 29043951 14 14 theme chemotaxonomic 1267:1280 arg1 characteristics 1296:1310 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1251:1310 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1251:1310 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 14 15 theme Verrucosispora 1429:1442 arg1 strain 1404:1409 the type strain 1395:1409 the type strain of novel species 1395:1426 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 14 15 theme Verrucosispora 1429:1442 arg1 sp 1456:1457 Verrucosispora endophytica sp 1429:1457 Verrucosispora endophytica sp 1429:1457 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 1 16 attach isolated 37:44 arg2 appendiculata 87:99 appendiculata 87:99 appendiculata 87:99 nov., isolated from the root of wild orchid (Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f.) 29043951 1 16 attach isolated 37:44 arg2 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov., isolated from the root of wild orchid (Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f.) 29043951 1 16 attach isolated 37:44 arg1 root 55:58 the root 51:58 the root of wild orchid 51:73 nov., isolated from the root of wild orchid (Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f.) 29043951 14 17 theme 6031T=NBRC 1357:1366 arg1 112512T 1368:1374 =BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T 1340:1374 =BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T 1340:1374 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 14 17 theme 6031T=NBRC 1357:1366 arg1 7972T 1333:1337 the new isolate A-T 7972T 1313:1337 the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) 1313:1375 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 2 18 theme novel 121:125 arg1 7972T 171:175 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T 119:175 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T 119:175 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T, was isolated from wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 29043951 14 19 theme 50981T=TBRC 1345:1355 arg1 112512T 1368:1374 =BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T 1340:1374 =BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T 1340:1374 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 14 19 theme 50981T=TBRC 1345:1355 arg1 7972T 1333:1337 the new isolate A-T 7972T 1313:1337 the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) 1313:1375 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 5 20 theme taxonomic 366:374 arg1 position 376:383 The taxonomic position 362:383 The taxonomic position 362:383 The taxonomic position was described using a polyphasic approach. 29043951 13 21 theme DNA 1223:1225 arg1 % 1239:1239 70.5 mol% 1231:1239 70.5 mol% 1231:1239 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.5 mol%. 29043951 13 21 theme DNA 1223:1225 arg1 G+C content 1196:1206 The G+C content 1192:1206 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1192:1225 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.5 mol%. 29043951 14 22 theme phenotypic 1255:1264 arg1 characteristics 1296:1310 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1251:1310 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1251:1310 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 1 23 theme wild 63:66 arg1 orchid 68:73 wild orchid 63:73 wild orchid 63:73 nov., isolated from the root of wild orchid (Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f.) 29043951 14 24 theme species 1420:1426 arg1 strain 1404:1409 the type strain 1395:1409 the type strain of novel species 1395:1426 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 14 24 theme species 1420:1426 arg1 7972T 1333:1337 the new isolate A-T 7972T 1313:1337 the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) 1313:1375 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 14 24 theme species 1420:1426 arg1 sp 1456:1457 Verrucosispora endophytica sp 1429:1457 Verrucosispora endophytica sp 1429:1457 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 2 25 attach isolated 182:189 arg1 Rchb.f. 241:247 wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 196:247 wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 196:247 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T, was isolated from wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 29043951 2 25 attach isolated 182:189 arg2 7972T 171:175 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T 119:175 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T 119:175 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T, was isolated from wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 29043951 0 26 theme endophytica 15:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Verrucosispora endophytica sp 0:28 Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 0:29 Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 12 27 theme diagnostic 1038:1047 arg1 profile 1063:1069 The diagnostic phospholipids profile 1034:1069 The diagnostic phospholipids profile 1034:1069 The diagnostic phospholipids profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 29043951 14 28 theme A-T 1329:1331 arg1 112512T 1368:1374 =BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T 1340:1374 =BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T 1340:1374 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 14 28 theme A-T 1329:1331 arg1 7972T 1333:1337 the new isolate A-T 7972T 1313:1337 the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) 1313:1375 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 14 28 theme A-T 1329:1331 arg1 strain 1404:1409 the type strain 1395:1409 the type strain of novel species 1395:1426 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 6 29 theme lutea 601:605 arg1 013T 611:614 V. lutea YIM 013T 598:614 V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) 598:624 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 7972T belonged to the genus Verrucosispora and shared the highest sequence similarity with V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) and V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %). 29043951 6 29 theme lutea 601:605 arg1 % 623:623 98.71 % 617:623 98.71 % 617:623 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 7972T belonged to the genus Verrucosispora and shared the highest sequence similarity with V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) and V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %). 29043951 1 30 theme orchid 68:73 arg1 root 55:58 the root 51:58 the root of wild orchid 51:73 nov., isolated from the root of wild orchid (Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f.) 29043951 13 31 theme genomic 1215:1221 arg1 DNA 1223:1225 the genomic DNA 1211:1225 the genomic DNA 1211:1225 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.5 mol%. 29043951 0 32 theme Verrucosispora 0:13 arg1 sp 27:28 Verrucosispora endophytica sp 0:28 Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 0:29 Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 10 33 theme predominant 913:923 arg1 MK-9 941:944 MK-9 941:944 MK-9(H4) 941:948 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). 29043951 10 33 theme predominant 913:923 arg1 menaquinone 925:935 The predominant menaquinone 909:935 The predominant menaquinone 909:935 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). 29043951 14 34 theme =BCC 1340:1343 arg1 112512T 1368:1374 =BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T 1340:1374 =BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T 1340:1374 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 14 34 theme =BCC 1340:1343 arg1 7972T 1333:1337 the new isolate A-T 7972T 1313:1337 the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) 1313:1375 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 6 35 theme V. 598:599 arg1 013T 611:614 V. lutea YIM 013T 598:614 V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) 598:624 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 7972T belonged to the genus Verrucosispora and shared the highest sequence similarity with V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) and V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %). 29043951 6 35 theme V. 598:599 arg1 % 623:623 98.71 % 617:623 98.71 % 617:623 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 7972T belonged to the genus Verrucosispora and shared the highest sequence similarity with V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) and V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %). 29043951 6 36 theme A-T 503:505 arg1 7972T 507:511 strain A-T 7972T 496:511 strain A-T 7972T 496:511 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 7972T belonged to the genus Verrucosispora and shared the highest sequence similarity with V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) and V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %). 29043951 1 37 dep isolated 37:44 arg1 Rchb.f. 109:115 Rchb.f. 109:115 Rchb.f. 109:115 nov., isolated from the root of wild orchid (Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f.) 29043951 1 37 dep isolated 37:44 arg1 Blume 102:106 Blume 102:106 Blume 102:106 nov., isolated from the root of wild orchid (Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f.) 29043951 1 37 dep isolated 37:44 arg1 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov., isolated from the root of wild orchid (Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f.) 29043951 1 37 dep isolated 37:44 arg1 appendiculata 87:99 appendiculata 87:99 appendiculata 87:99 nov., isolated from the root of wild orchid (Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f.) 29043951 11 38 dep acids 999:1003 arg1  0 1014:1015  0 1014:1015  0 1014:1015 The predominant fatty acids were branched fatty acids iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29043951 11 38 dep acids 999:1003 arg1  0 1030:1031  0 1030:1031  0 1030:1031 The predominant fatty acids were branched fatty acids iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29043951 6 39 theme strain 496:501 arg1 7972T 507:511 strain A-T 7972T 496:511 strain A-T 7972T 496:511 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 7972T belonged to the genus Verrucosispora and shared the highest sequence similarity with V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) and V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %). 29043951 2 40 theme A-T 167:169 arg1 7972T 171:175 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T 119:175 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T 119:175 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T, was isolated from wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 29043951 14 41 theme type 1399:1402 arg1 strain 1404:1409 the type strain 1395:1409 the type strain of novel species 1395:1426 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 14 41 theme type 1399:1402 arg1 7972T 1333:1337 the new isolate A-T 7972T 1313:1337 the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) 1313:1375 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 14 41 theme type 1399:1402 arg1 sp 1456:1457 Verrucosispora endophytica sp 1429:1457 Verrucosispora endophytica sp 1429:1457 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 14 42 theme isolate 1321:1327 arg1 112512T 1368:1374 =BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T 1340:1374 =BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T 1340:1374 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 14 42 theme isolate 1321:1327 arg1 7972T 1333:1337 the new isolate A-T 7972T 1313:1337 the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) 1313:1375 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 14 42 theme isolate 1321:1327 arg1 strain 1404:1409 the type strain 1395:1409 the type strain of novel species 1395:1426 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 9 43 theme whole-cell 849:858 arg1 mannose 872:878 mannose 872:878 mannose 872:878 The whole-cell sugars were mannose, ribose, glucose and xylose. 29043951 9 43 theme whole-cell 849:858 arg1 sugars 860:865 The whole-cell sugars 845:865 The whole-cell sugars 845:865 The whole-cell sugars were mannose, ribose, glucose and xylose. 29043951 2 44 theme strain 160:165 arg1 7972T 171:175 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T 119:175 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T 119:175 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T, was isolated from wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 29043951 2 45 theme Grosourdya 208:217 arg1 Rchb.f. 241:247 wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 196:247 wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 196:247 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T, was isolated from wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 29043951 6 46 theme DSM 646:648 arg1 44337T 650:655 V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T 630:655 V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %) 630:665 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 7972T belonged to the genus Verrucosispora and shared the highest sequence similarity with V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) and V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %). 29043951 6 46 theme DSM 646:648 arg1 % 664:664 98.53 % 658:664 98.53 % 658:664 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 7972T belonged to the genus Verrucosispora and shared the highest sequence similarity with V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) and V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %). 29043951 6 47 theme sequence 573:580 arg1 similarity 582:591 the highest sequence similarity 561:591 the highest sequence similarity 561:591 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 7972T belonged to the genus Verrucosispora and shared the highest sequence similarity with V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) and V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %). 29043951 12 48 theme phospholipids 1049:1061 arg1 profile 1063:1069 The diagnostic phospholipids profile 1034:1069 The diagnostic phospholipids profile 1034:1069 The diagnostic phospholipids profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 29043951 2 49 theme bacterium 150:158 arg1 7972T 171:175 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T 119:175 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T 119:175 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T, was isolated from wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 29043951 2 50 theme orchid 201:206 arg1 Rchb.f. 241:247 wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 196:247 wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 196:247 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T, was isolated from wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 29043951 12 51 theme phosphatidylinositol 1159:1178 arg1 mannosides 1180:1189 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 1159:1189 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 1159:1189 The diagnostic phospholipids profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 29043951 6 52 theme highest 565:571 arg1 similarity 582:591 the highest sequence similarity 561:591 the highest sequence similarity 561:591 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 7972T belonged to the genus Verrucosispora and shared the highest sequence similarity with V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) and V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %). 29043951 7 53 theme closest 748:754 arg1 species 756:762 its closest species 744:762 its closest species 744:762 The values of DNA-DNA relatedness that distinguished this novel strain from its closest species were below 70 %. 29043951 2 54 theme filamentous 138:148 arg1 7972T 171:175 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T 119:175 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T 119:175 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T, was isolated from wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 29043951 2 55 theme wild 196:199 arg1 Rchb.f. 241:247 wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 196:247 wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 196:247 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T, was isolated from wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 29043951 4 56 theme warty 326:330 arg1 surface 332:338 warty surface 326:338 warty surface on substrate mycelia 326:359 The bacterium developed single non-motile spores with warty surface on substrate mycelia. 29043951 14 57 theme genotypic 1286:1294 arg1 characteristics 1296:1310 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1251:1310 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1251:1310 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 6 58 theme phylogenetic 459:470 arg1 analysis 472:479 phylogenetic analysis 459:479 phylogenetic analysis 459:479 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 7972T belonged to the genus Verrucosispora and shared the highest sequence similarity with V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) and V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %). 29043951 4 59 theme substrate 343:351 arg1 mycelia 353:359 substrate mycelia 343:359 substrate mycelia 343:359 The bacterium developed single non-motile spores with warty surface on substrate mycelia. 29043951 11 60 theme branched 984:991 arg1 acids 999:1003 branched fatty acids iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 984:1031 branched fatty acids iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 984:1031 The predominant fatty acids were branched fatty acids iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29043951 11 60 theme branched 984:991 arg1 acids 973:977 The predominant fatty acids 951:977 The predominant fatty acids 951:977 The predominant fatty acids were branched fatty acids iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29043951 6 61 theme gifhornensis 633:644 arg1 44337T 650:655 V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T 630:655 V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %) 630:665 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 7972T belonged to the genus Verrucosispora and shared the highest sequence similarity with V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) and V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %). 29043951 6 61 theme gifhornensis 633:644 arg1 % 664:664 98.53 % 658:664 98.53 % 658:664 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 7972T belonged to the genus Verrucosispora and shared the highest sequence similarity with V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) and V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %). 29043951 11 62 theme fatty 967:971 arg1 acids 999:1003 branched fatty acids iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 984:1031 branched fatty acids iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 984:1031 The predominant fatty acids were branched fatty acids iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29043951 11 62 theme fatty 967:971 arg1 acids 973:977 The predominant fatty acids 951:977 The predominant fatty acids 951:977 The predominant fatty acids were branched fatty acids iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29043951 6 63 theme V. 630:631 arg1 44337T 650:655 V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T 630:655 V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %) 630:665 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 7972T belonged to the genus Verrucosispora and shared the highest sequence similarity with V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) and V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %). 29043951 6 63 theme V. 630:631 arg1 % 664:664 98.53 % 658:664 98.53 % 658:664 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 7972T belonged to the genus Verrucosispora and shared the highest sequence similarity with V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) and V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %). 29043951 2 64 theme Blume 234:238 arg1 Rchb.f. 241:247 wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 196:247 wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 196:247 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T, was isolated from wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 29043951 4 65 theme non-motile 303:312 arg1 spores 314:319 single non-motile spores 296:319 single non-motile spores 296:319 The bacterium developed single non-motile spores with warty surface on substrate mycelia. 29043951 8 66 theme cell-wall 785:793 arg1 peptidoglycan 795:807 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 781:807 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 781:807 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 29043951 7 67 theme novel 726:730 arg1 strain 732:737 this novel strain 721:737 this novel strain 721:737 The values of DNA-DNA relatedness that distinguished this novel strain from its closest species were below 70 %. 29043951 14 68 theme endophytica 1444:1454 arg1 strain 1404:1409 the type strain 1395:1409 the type strain of novel species 1395:1426 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 14 68 theme endophytica 1444:1454 arg1 sp 1456:1457 Verrucosispora endophytica sp 1429:1457 Verrucosispora endophytica sp 1429:1457 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate A-T 7972T (=BCC 50981T=TBRC 6031T=NBRC 112512T) is proposed to be the type strain of novel species, Verrucosispora endophytica sp. 29043951 4 69 theme single 296:301 arg1 spores 314:319 single non-motile spores 296:319 single non-motile spores 296:319 The bacterium developed single non-motile spores with warty surface on substrate mycelia. 29043951 13 70 theme 70.5 mol 1231:1238 arg1 % 1239:1239 70.5 mol% 1231:1239 70.5 mol% 1231:1239 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.5 mol%. 29043951 13 70 theme 70.5 mol 1231:1238 arg1 G+C content 1196:1206 The G+C content 1192:1206 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1192:1225 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.5 mol%. 29043951 2 71 theme appendiculata 219:231 arg1 Rchb.f. 241:247 wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 196:247 wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 196:247 A novel endophytic filamentous bacterium strain A-T 7972T, was isolated from wild orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb.f. 29043951 6 72 theme YIM 607:609 arg1 013T 611:614 V. lutea YIM 013T 598:614 V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) 598:624 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 7972T belonged to the genus Verrucosispora and shared the highest sequence similarity with V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) and V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %). 29043951 6 72 theme YIM 607:609 arg1 % 623:623 98.71 % 617:623 98.71 % 617:623 The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 7972T belonged to the genus Verrucosispora and shared the highest sequence similarity with V. lutea YIM 013T (98.71 %) and V. gifhornensis DSM 44337T (98.53 %). 29043951 11 73 theme predominant 955:965 arg1 acids 999:1003 branched fatty acids iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 984:1031 branched fatty acids iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 984:1031 The predominant fatty acids were branched fatty acids iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 29043951 11 73 theme predominant 955:965 arg1 acids 973:977 The predominant fatty acids 951:977 The predominant fatty acids 951:977 The predominant fatty acids were branched fatty acids iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 25844691 5 0 theme lung 991:994 arg1 regions 996:1002 the ventral lung regions 979:1002 the ventral lung regions 979:1002 PEEP decreased ECM injury mainly in the ventral lung regions, although it did not prevent matrix fragmentation and washout at high V(T). 25844691 2 1 from hours 419:423 arg1 air 428:430 air 428:430 air 428:430 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 1 2 theme fluid 164:168 arg1 overload 170:177 fluid overload 164:177 fluid overload 164:177 PURPOSE To investigate the regional gravity-dependent impact of mechanical ventilation and fluid overload on lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in healthy lungs. 25844691 4 3 theme structure 834:842 arg1 changes 844:850 significant tissue structure changes 815:850 significant tissue structure changes in both ventral and dorsal lung regions 815:890 Low V(T) ventilation was associated with significant tissue structure changes in both ventral and dorsal lung regions, while high VT mainly affected the dependent ones. 25844691 2 4 dep V 493:493 arg1 T 495:495 T 495:495 T 495:495 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 4 5 from changes 844:850 arg1 dorsal 872:877 dorsal 872:877 dorsal 872:877 Low V(T) ventilation was associated with significant tissue structure changes in both ventral and dorsal lung regions, while high VT mainly affected the dependent ones. 25844691 4 5 from changes 844:850 arg1 ventral 860:866 ventral 860:866 ventral 860:866 Low V(T) ventilation was associated with significant tissue structure changes in both ventral and dorsal lung regions, while high VT mainly affected the dependent ones. 25844691 1 6 theme overload 170:177 arg1 impact 127:132 the regional gravity-dependent impact 96:132 the regional gravity-dependent impact of mechanical ventilation and fluid overload on lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in healthy lungs 96:229 PURPOSE To investigate the regional gravity-dependent impact of mechanical ventilation and fluid overload on lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in healthy lungs. 25844691 4 7 theme dependent 927:935 arg1 ones 937:940 the dependent ones 923:940 the dependent ones 923:940 Low V(T) ventilation was associated with significant tissue structure changes in both ventral and dorsal lung regions, while high VT mainly affected the dependent ones. 25844691 2 8 dep mL 618:619 arg1 infusion 648:655 (kg·h) intravenous saline infusion 622:655 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion 616:655 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 3 9 theme RESULTS 658:664 arg1 ventilation 677:687 RESULTS Mechanical ventilation 658:687 RESULTS Mechanical ventilation 658:687 RESULTS Mechanical ventilation degraded lung ECM, with alveolar septa thinning and structural GAGs disorganization. 25844691 5 10 theme ventral 983:989 arg1 regions 996:1002 the ventral lung regions 979:1002 the ventral lung regions 979:1002 PEEP decreased ECM injury mainly in the ventral lung regions, although it did not prevent matrix fragmentation and washout at high V(T). 25844691 2 11 theme ∼ 466:466 arg1 /kg 474:476 ∼ 23 mL /kg 466:476 ∼ 23 mL /kg 466:476 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 2 12 dep low 440:442 arg1 mL/kg 450:454 ∼7.5 mL/kg 445:454 ∼7.5 mL/kg 445:454 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 2 13 dep determined 342:351 arg1 a 434:434 a 434:434 a 434:434 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 2 13 dep determined 342:351 arg1 b 553:553 b 553:553 b 553:553 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 4 14 theme T 780:780 arg1 ventilation 783:793 Low V(T) ventilation 774:793 Low V(T) ventilation 774:793 Low V(T) ventilation was associated with significant tissue structure changes in both ventral and dorsal lung regions, while high VT mainly affected the dependent ones. 25844691 2 15 theme dorsal 315:320 arg1 parenchyma 327:336 the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma 299:336 parenchyma 327:336 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 7 16 theme additive 1227:1234 arg1 injuries 1236:1243 additive injuries 1227:1243 additive injuries in healthy lungs 1227:1260 CONCLUSION Mechanical ventilation and fluid load may cause additive injuries in healthy lungs, mainly in ventral regions. 25844691 2 17 theme end-expiratory 520:533 arg1 pressure 535:542 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure 503:542 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure 503:542 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 7 18 theme Mechanical 1179:1188 arg1 ventilation 1190:1200 Mechanical ventilation 1179:1200 Mechanical ventilation 1179:1200 CONCLUSION Mechanical ventilation and fluid load may cause additive injuries in healthy lungs, mainly in ventral regions. 25844691 2 19 theme cmH2O 581:585 arg1 PEEP 587:590 5 cmH2O PEEP 579:590 5 cmH2O PEEP 579:590 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 7 20 theme fluid 1206:1210 arg1 load 1212:1215 fluid load 1206:1215 fluid load 1206:1215 CONCLUSION Mechanical ventilation and fluid load may cause additive injuries in healthy lungs, mainly in ventral regions. 25844691 2 21 theme high 460:463 arg1 PEEP 545:548 PEEP 545:548 PEEP 545:548 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 2 21 theme high 460:463 arg1 volume 485:490 low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume 440:490 low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) 440:497 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 2 22 theme positive 511:518 arg1 pressure 535:542 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure 503:542 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure 503:542 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 1 23 theme lung 182:185 arg1 ECM 209:211 ECM 209:211 ECM 209:211 PURPOSE To investigate the regional gravity-dependent impact of mechanical ventilation and fluid overload on lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in healthy lungs. 25844691 1 23 theme lung 182:185 arg1 matrix 201:206 lung extracellular matrix 182:206 lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in healthy lungs 182:229 PURPOSE To investigate the regional gravity-dependent impact of mechanical ventilation and fluid overload on lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in healthy lungs. 25844691 0 24 theme lung 9:12 arg1 tissue 14:19 Regional lung tissue 0:19 Regional lung tissue 0:19 Regional lung tissue changes with mechanical ventilation and fluid load. 25844691 4 25 theme V 778:778 arg1 ventilation 783:793 Low V(T) ventilation 774:793 Low V(T) ventilation 774:793 Low V(T) ventilation was associated with significant tissue structure changes in both ventral and dorsal lung regions, while high VT mainly affected the dependent ones. 25844691 2 26 theme cmH2O 505:509 arg1 pressure 535:542 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure 503:542 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure 503:542 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 6 27 theme ventral 1146:1152 arg1 regions 1159:1165 the ventral lung regions 1142:1165 the ventral lung regions 1142:1165 Intravascular fluid load increased lung damage prevalently in the ventral lung regions. 25844691 3 28 theme lung 698:701 arg1 ECM 703:705 lung ECM 698:705 lung ECM 698:705 RESULTS Mechanical ventilation degraded lung ECM, with alveolar septa thinning and structural GAGs disorganization. 25844691 1 29 theme extracellular 187:199 arg1 ECM 209:211 ECM 209:211 ECM 209:211 PURPOSE To investigate the regional gravity-dependent impact of mechanical ventilation and fluid overload on lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in healthy lungs. 25844691 1 29 theme extracellular 187:199 arg1 matrix 201:206 lung extracellular matrix 182:206 lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in healthy lungs 182:229 PURPOSE To investigate the regional gravity-dependent impact of mechanical ventilation and fluid overload on lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in healthy lungs. 25844691 0 30 theme Regional 0:7 arg1 tissue 14:19 Regional lung tissue 0:19 Regional lung tissue 0:19 Regional lung tissue changes with mechanical ventilation and fluid load. 25844691 2 31 theme ventral 303:309 arg1 composition 284:294 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition 232:294 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma 232:336 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 5 32 theme high 1069:1072 arg1 T 1076:1076 T 1076:1076 T 1076:1076 PEEP decreased ECM injury mainly in the ventral lung regions, although it did not prevent matrix fragmentation and washout at high V(T). 25844691 5 32 theme high 1069:1072 arg1 V 1074:1074 high V 1069:1074 high V(T) 1069:1077 PEEP decreased ECM injury mainly in the ventral lung regions, although it did not prevent matrix fragmentation and washout at high V(T). 25844691 2 33 theme healthy 376:382 arg1 rats 384:387 anesthetized supine healthy rats 356:387 anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air 356:430 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 4 34 theme tissue 827:832 arg1 changes 844:850 significant tissue structure changes 815:850 significant tissue structure changes in both ventral and dorsal lung regions 815:890 Low V(T) ventilation was associated with significant tissue structure changes in both ventral and dorsal lung regions, while high VT mainly affected the dependent ones. 25844691 5 35 theme ECM 958:960 arg1 injury 962:967 ECM injury 958:967 ECM injury 958:967 PEEP decreased ECM injury mainly in the ventral lung regions, although it did not prevent matrix fragmentation and washout at high V(T). 25844691 2 36 theme tidal 479:483 arg1 PEEP 545:548 PEEP 545:548 PEEP 545:548 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 2 36 theme tidal 479:483 arg1 volume 485:490 low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume 440:490 low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) 440:497 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 1 37 from impact 127:132 arg1 ECM 209:211 ECM 209:211 ECM 209:211 PURPOSE To investigate the regional gravity-dependent impact of mechanical ventilation and fluid overload on lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in healthy lungs. 25844691 1 37 from impact 127:132 arg1 matrix 201:206 lung extracellular matrix 182:206 lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in healthy lungs 182:229 PURPOSE To investigate the regional gravity-dependent impact of mechanical ventilation and fluid overload on lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in healthy lungs. 25844691 4 38 theme significant 815:825 arg1 changes 844:850 significant tissue structure changes 815:850 significant tissue structure changes in both ventral and dorsal lung regions 815:890 Low V(T) ventilation was associated with significant tissue structure changes in both ventral and dorsal lung regions, while high VT mainly affected the dependent ones. 25844691 2 39 dep high 460:463 arg1 /kg 474:476 ∼ 23 mL /kg 466:476 ∼ 23 mL /kg 466:476 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 1 40 theme regional 100:107 arg1 impact 127:132 the regional gravity-dependent impact 96:132 the regional gravity-dependent impact of mechanical ventilation and fluid overload on lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in healthy lungs 96:229 PURPOSE To investigate the regional gravity-dependent impact of mechanical ventilation and fluid overload on lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in healthy lungs. 25844691 4 41 theme high 899:902 arg1 VT 904:905 high VT 899:905 high VT 899:905 Low V(T) ventilation was associated with significant tissue structure changes in both ventral and dorsal lung regions, while high VT mainly affected the dependent ones. 25844691 1 42 theme ventilation 148:158 arg1 impact 127:132 the regional gravity-dependent impact 96:132 the regional gravity-dependent impact of mechanical ventilation and fluid overload on lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in healthy lungs 96:229 PURPOSE To investigate the regional gravity-dependent impact of mechanical ventilation and fluid overload on lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in healthy lungs. 25844691 0 43 theme mechanical 34:43 arg1 ventilation 45:55 mechanical ventilation 34:55 mechanical ventilation 34:55 Regional lung tissue changes with mechanical ventilation and fluid load. 25844691 6 44 theme Intravascular 1080:1092 arg1 load 1100:1103 Intravascular fluid load 1080:1103 Intravascular fluid load 1080:1103 Intravascular fluid load increased lung damage prevalently in the ventral lung regions. 25844691 2 45 theme MATERIALS 232:240 arg1 composition 284:294 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition 232:294 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma 232:336 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 3 46 theme alveolar 713:720 arg1 disorganization 757:771 structural GAGs disorganization 741:771 structural GAGs disorganization 741:771 RESULTS Mechanical ventilation degraded lung ECM, with alveolar septa thinning and structural GAGs disorganization. 25844691 3 46 theme alveolar 713:720 arg1 septa 722:726 alveolar septa thinning and structural GAGs disorganization 713:771 alveolar septa thinning and structural GAGs disorganization 713:771 RESULTS Mechanical ventilation degraded lung ECM, with alveolar septa thinning and structural GAGs disorganization. 25844691 3 46 theme alveolar 713:720 arg1 thinning 728:735 thinning 728:735 thinning 728:735 RESULTS Mechanical ventilation degraded lung ECM, with alveolar septa thinning and structural GAGs disorganization. 25844691 2 47 dep MATERIALS 232:240 arg1 GAGs 278:281 GAGs 278:281 GAGs 278:281 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 2 47 dep MATERIALS 232:240 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 258:275 The glycosaminoglycans 254:275 The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 254:282 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 2 48 theme low 440:442 arg1 PEEP 545:548 PEEP 545:548 PEEP 545:548 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 2 48 theme low 440:442 arg1 volume 485:490 low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume 440:490 low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) 440:497 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 2 49 theme mL 471:472 arg1 /kg 474:476 ∼ 23 mL /kg 466:476 ∼ 23 mL /kg 466:476 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 2 50 theme high 566:569 arg1 T 573:573 T 573:573 T 573:573 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 2 50 theme high 566:569 arg1 V 571:571 low or high V 559:571 low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP 559:590 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 2 51 dep volume 485:490 arg1 V 493:493 V 493:493 V 493:493 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 2 52 from PEEP 587:590 arg1 T 573:573 T 573:573 T 573:573 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 2 52 from PEEP 587:590 arg1 V 571:571 low or high V 559:571 low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP 559:590 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 7 53 from injuries 1236:1243 arg1 lungs 1256:1260 healthy lungs 1248:1260 healthy lungs 1248:1260 CONCLUSION Mechanical ventilation and fluid load may cause additive injuries in healthy lungs, mainly in ventral regions. 25844691 1 54 theme gravity-dependent 109:125 arg1 impact 127:132 the regional gravity-dependent impact 96:132 the regional gravity-dependent impact of mechanical ventilation and fluid overload on lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in healthy lungs 96:229 PURPOSE To investigate the regional gravity-dependent impact of mechanical ventilation and fluid overload on lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in healthy lungs. 25844691 6 55 theme lung 1154:1157 arg1 regions 1159:1165 the ventral lung regions 1142:1165 the ventral lung regions 1142:1165 Intravascular fluid load increased lung damage prevalently in the ventral lung regions. 25844691 6 56 theme fluid 1094:1098 arg1 load 1100:1103 Intravascular fluid load 1080:1103 Intravascular fluid load 1080:1103 Intravascular fluid load increased lung damage prevalently in the ventral lung regions. 25844691 2 57 theme low 559:561 arg1 T 573:573 T 573:573 T 573:573 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 2 57 theme low 559:561 arg1 V 571:571 low or high V 559:571 low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP 559:590 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 2 58 theme parenchyma 327:336 arg1 composition 284:294 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition 232:294 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma 232:336 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 4 59 dep ventral 860:866 arg1 regions 884:890 lung regions 879:890 lung regions 879:890 Low V(T) ventilation was associated with significant tissue structure changes in both ventral and dorsal lung regions, while high VT mainly affected the dependent ones. 25844691 7 60 theme ventral 1273:1279 arg1 regions 1281:1287 ventral regions 1273:1287 ventral regions 1273:1287 CONCLUSION Mechanical ventilation and fluid load may cause additive injuries in healthy lungs, mainly in ventral regions. 25844691 7 61 dep CONCLUSION 1168:1177 arg1 ventilation 1190:1200 Mechanical ventilation 1179:1200 Mechanical ventilation 1179:1200 CONCLUSION Mechanical ventilation and fluid load may cause additive injuries in healthy lungs, mainly in ventral regions. 25844691 7 61 dep CONCLUSION 1168:1177 arg1 load 1212:1215 fluid load 1206:1215 fluid load 1206:1215 CONCLUSION Mechanical ventilation and fluid load may cause additive injuries in healthy lungs, mainly in ventral regions. 25844691 3 62 theme structural 741:750 arg1 disorganization 757:771 structural GAGs disorganization 741:771 structural GAGs disorganization 741:771 RESULTS Mechanical ventilation degraded lung ECM, with alveolar septa thinning and structural GAGs disorganization. 25844691 3 62 theme structural 741:750 arg1 septa 722:726 alveolar septa thinning and structural GAGs disorganization 713:771 alveolar septa thinning and structural GAGs disorganization 713:771 RESULTS Mechanical ventilation degraded lung ECM, with alveolar septa thinning and structural GAGs disorganization. 25844691 2 63 theme lung 322:325 arg1 parenchyma 327:336 the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma 299:336 parenchyma 327:336 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 1 64 theme healthy 217:223 arg1 lungs 225:229 healthy lungs 217:229 healthy lungs 217:229 PURPOSE To investigate the regional gravity-dependent impact of mechanical ventilation and fluid overload on lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in healthy lungs. 25844691 2 65 dep infusion 648:655 arg1 kg·h 623:626 kg·h 623:626 kg·h 623:626 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 3 66 theme GAGs 752:755 arg1 disorganization 757:771 structural GAGs disorganization 741:771 structural GAGs disorganization 741:771 RESULTS Mechanical ventilation degraded lung ECM, with alveolar septa thinning and structural GAGs disorganization. 25844691 3 66 theme GAGs 752:755 arg1 septa 722:726 alveolar septa thinning and structural GAGs disorganization 713:771 alveolar septa thinning and structural GAGs disorganization 713:771 RESULTS Mechanical ventilation degraded lung ECM, with alveolar septa thinning and structural GAGs disorganization. 25844691 1 67 theme mechanical 137:146 arg1 ventilation 148:158 mechanical ventilation 137:158 mechanical ventilation 137:158 PURPOSE To investigate the regional gravity-dependent impact of mechanical ventilation and fluid overload on lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in healthy lungs. 25844691 4 68 theme lung 879:882 arg1 regions 884:890 lung regions 879:890 lung regions 879:890 Low V(T) ventilation was associated with significant tissue structure changes in both ventral and dorsal lung regions, while high VT mainly affected the dependent ones. 25844691 2 69 theme saline 641:646 arg1 infusion 648:655 (kg·h) intravenous saline infusion 622:655 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion 616:655 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 4 70 theme Low 774:776 arg1 ventilation 783:793 Low V(T) ventilation 774:793 Low V(T) ventilation 774:793 Low V(T) ventilation was associated with significant tissue structure changes in both ventral and dorsal lung regions, while high VT mainly affected the dependent ones. 25844691 5 71 theme matrix 1033:1038 arg1 fragmentation 1040:1052 matrix fragmentation 1033:1052 matrix fragmentation 1033:1052 PEEP decreased ECM injury mainly in the ventral lung regions, although it did not prevent matrix fragmentation and washout at high V(T). 25844691 2 72 theme METHODS 246:252 arg1 composition 284:294 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition 232:294 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma 232:336 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 1 73 from matrix 201:206 arg1 lungs 225:229 healthy lungs 217:229 healthy lungs 217:229 PURPOSE To investigate the regional gravity-dependent impact of mechanical ventilation and fluid overload on lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in healthy lungs. 25844691 2 74 theme supine 369:374 arg1 rats 384:387 anesthetized supine healthy rats 356:387 anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air 356:430 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 2 75 theme intravenous 629:639 arg1 infusion 648:655 (kg·h) intravenous saline infusion 622:655 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion 616:655 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 0 76 theme fluid 61:65 arg1 load 67:70 fluid load 61:70 fluid load 61:70 Regional lung tissue changes with mechanical ventilation and fluid load. 25844691 7 77 theme healthy 1248:1254 arg1 lungs 1256:1260 healthy lungs 1248:1260 healthy lungs 1248:1260 CONCLUSION Mechanical ventilation and fluid load may cause additive injuries in healthy lungs, mainly in ventral regions. 25844691 3 78 dep septa 722:726 arg1 disorganization 757:771 structural GAGs disorganization 741:771 structural GAGs disorganization 741:771 RESULTS Mechanical ventilation degraded lung ECM, with alveolar septa thinning and structural GAGs disorganization. 25844691 3 78 dep septa 722:726 arg1 septa 722:726 alveolar septa thinning and structural GAGs disorganization 713:771 alveolar septa thinning and structural GAGs disorganization 713:771 RESULTS Mechanical ventilation degraded lung ECM, with alveolar septa thinning and structural GAGs disorganization. 25844691 3 78 dep septa 722:726 arg1 thinning 728:735 thinning 728:735 thinning 728:735 RESULTS Mechanical ventilation degraded lung ECM, with alveolar septa thinning and structural GAGs disorganization. 25844691 2 79 theme anesthetized 356:367 arg1 rats 384:387 anesthetized supine healthy rats 356:387 anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air 356:430 MATERIALS AND METHODS The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the ventral and dorsal lung parenchyma was determined in anesthetized supine healthy rats mechanically ventilated for 4 hours in air: (a) at low (∼7.5 mL/kg) or high (∼ 23 mL /kg) tidal volume (V(T)) and 0 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); (b) at low or high V(T) at 5 cmH2O PEEP and (c) with or without 7 mL /(kg·h) intravenous saline infusion. 25844691 3 80 theme Mechanical 666:675 arg1 ventilation 677:687 RESULTS Mechanical ventilation 658:687 RESULTS Mechanical ventilation 658:687 RESULTS Mechanical ventilation degraded lung ECM, with alveolar septa thinning and structural GAGs disorganization. 25844691 6 81 theme lung 1115:1118 arg1 damage 1120:1125 lung damage 1115:1125 lung damage 1115:1125 Intravascular fluid load increased lung damage prevalently in the ventral lung regions. 29080938 2 0 theme bacterial 94:102 arg1 strain 104:109 A bacterial strain 92:109 A bacterial strain designated PtRA-8T 92:128 A bacterial strain designated PtRA-8T was isolated from the trunk surface of a Japanese aspen tree (Populus tremula var. 29080938 11 1 theme G + C 1103:1107 arg1 content 1109:1115 The DNA G + C content 1095:1115 The DNA G + C content of strain PtRA-8T 1095:1133 The DNA G + C content of strain PtRA-8T was 68.2 mol%. 29080938 11 1 theme G + C 1103:1107 arg1 % 1147:1147 68.2 mol% 1139:1147 68.2 mol% 1139:1147 The DNA G + C content of strain PtRA-8T was 68.2 mol%. 29080938 5 2 theme pH 371:372 arg1 range 374:378 The pH range 367:378 The pH range for growth 367:389 The pH range for growth was between 5.5 and 7.5, with an optimum at 6.5. 29080938 7 3 theme respiratory 632:642 arg1 quinone 644:650 The respiratory quinone 628:650 The respiratory quinone 628:650 The respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-8. 29080938 7 3 theme respiratory 632:642 arg1 MK-8 668:671 menaquinone MK-8 656:671 menaquinone MK-8 656:671 The respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-8. 29080938 12 4 theme Deinococcus 1256:1266 arg1 % 1293:1293 97.4% 1289:1293 97.4% 1289:1293 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PtRA-8T was closely related to "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%), Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%), and Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%). 29080938 12 4 theme Deinococcus 1256:1266 arg1 8AT 1284:1286 "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT 1255:1286 "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%) 1255:1294 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PtRA-8T was closely related to "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%), Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%), and Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%). 29080938 12 5 theme rRNA 1185:1188 arg1 sequences 1195:1203 16S rRNA gene sequences 1181:1203 16S rRNA gene sequences 1181:1203 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PtRA-8T was closely related to "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%), Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%), and Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%). 29080938 6 6 theme 25‒30 °C. 525:533 arg1 PtRA-8T 542:548 25‒30 °C. Strain PtRA-8T 525:548 25‒30 °C. Strain PtRA-8T 525:548 The temperature range for growth was between 10 and 37 °C, with an optimum at around 25‒30 °C. Strain PtRA-8T was highly resistant to UV irradiation, similar to its Deinococcus relatives. 29080938 10 7 theme glutamic 1047:1054 arg1 acid 1056:1059 glutamic acid 1047:1059 glutamic acid 1047:1059 The peptidoglycan was A3β-type containing glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, and ornithine. 29080938 8 8 dep acids 699:703 arg1 content 736:742 the total fatty acid content 715:742 the total fatty acid content 715:742 The major cellular fatty acids (> 10% of the total fatty acid content) were iso-C15:0 (17.8%), C16:0 (15.0%), iso-C17:0 (10.4%), and iso-C17:1 ω9c/C16:010-methyl (22.2%). 29080938 8 8 dep acids 699:703 arg1 % 710:710 > 10% 706:710 > 10% of the total fatty acid content 706:742 The major cellular fatty acids (> 10% of the total fatty acid content) were iso-C15:0 (17.8%), C16:0 (15.0%), iso-C17:0 (10.4%), and iso-C17:1 ω9c/C16:010-methyl (22.2%). 29080938 12 9 theme strain 1217:1222 arg1 PtRA-8T 1224:1230 strain PtRA-8T 1217:1230 strain PtRA-8T 1217:1230 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PtRA-8T was closely related to "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%), Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%), and Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%). 29080938 6 10 theme temperature 444:454 arg1 range 456:460 The temperature range 440:460 The temperature range for growth 440:471 The temperature range for growth was between 10 and 37 °C, with an optimum at around 25‒30 °C. Strain PtRA-8T was highly resistant to UV irradiation, similar to its Deinococcus relatives. 29080938 13 11 theme relatedness 1470:1480 arg1 values 1482:1487 relatedness values 1470:1487 relatedness values below 70% 1470:1497 The DNA-DNA hybridization experiments between strain PtRA-8T and its relatives yielded relatedness values below 70%. 29080938 11 12 theme DNA 1099:1101 arg1 content 1109:1115 The DNA G + C content 1095:1115 The DNA G + C content of strain PtRA-8T 1095:1133 The DNA G + C content of strain PtRA-8T was 68.2 mol%. 29080938 11 12 theme DNA 1099:1101 arg1 % 1147:1147 68.2 mol% 1139:1147 68.2 mol% 1139:1147 The DNA G + C content of strain PtRA-8T was 68.2 mol%. 29080938 8 13 theme iso-C17:1 807:815 arg1 ω9c/C16:010-methyl 817:834 iso-C17:1 ω9c/C16:010-methyl 807:834 iso-C17:1 ω9c/C16:010-methyl (22.2%) 807:842 The major cellular fatty acids (> 10% of the total fatty acid content) were iso-C15:0 (17.8%), C16:0 (15.0%), iso-C17:0 (10.4%), and iso-C17:1 ω9c/C16:010-methyl (22.2%). 29080938 8 13 theme iso-C17:1 807:815 arg1 % 841:841 22.2% 837:841 22.2% 837:841 The major cellular fatty acids (> 10% of the total fatty acid content) were iso-C15:0 (17.8%), C16:0 (15.0%), iso-C17:0 (10.4%), and iso-C17:1 ω9c/C16:010-methyl (22.2%). 29080938 1 14 theme trunk 52:56 arg1 surface 58:64 the trunk surface 48:64 the trunk surface of a Japanese aspen tree 48:89 nov. from the trunk surface of a Japanese aspen tree. 29080938 9 15 theme unidentified 880:891 arg1 glycolipids 893:903 four unidentified glycolipids 875:903 four unidentified glycolipids 875:903 The polar lipids consisted of four unidentified glycolipids, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified phospholipids, and three unidentified polar lipids. 29080938 15 16 dep 110763T 1735:1741 arg1 TaxonNumber 1748:1758 DPD TaxonNumber TA00271 1744:1766 = DSM 29820T= NBRC 110763T; DPD TaxonNumber TA00271 1716:1766 The type strain of D. populi is PtRA-8T (= DSM 29820T= NBRC 110763T; DPD TaxonNumber TA00271). 29080938 12 17 dep Deinococcus 1341:1351 arg1 yunweiensis 1353:1363 yunweiensis 1353:1363 yunweiensis 1353:1363 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PtRA-8T was closely related to "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%), Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%), and Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%). 29080938 11 18 theme PtRA-8T 1127:1133 arg1 content 1109:1115 The DNA G + C content 1095:1115 The DNA G + C content of strain PtRA-8T 1095:1133 The DNA G + C content of strain PtRA-8T was 68.2 mol%. 29080938 11 18 theme PtRA-8T 1127:1133 arg1 % 1147:1147 68.2 mol% 1139:1147 68.2 mol% 1139:1147 The DNA G + C content of strain PtRA-8T was 68.2 mol%. 29080938 6 19 theme Strain 535:540 arg1 PtRA-8T 542:548 25‒30 °C. Strain PtRA-8T 525:548 25‒30 °C. Strain PtRA-8T 525:548 The temperature range for growth was between 10 and 37 °C, with an optimum at around 25‒30 °C. Strain PtRA-8T was highly resistant to UV irradiation, similar to its Deinococcus relatives. 29080938 4 20 theme PtRA-8T 241:247 arg1 Cells 225:229 Cells 225:229 Cells of strain PtRA-8T 225:247 Cells of strain PtRA-8T were aerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, Gram-stain-negative rods, 1.0‒2.0 µm in width and 3.0‒10.0 µm in length. 29080938 15 21 theme populi 1697:1702 arg1 PtRA-8T 1707:1713 PtRA-8T 1707:1713 PtRA-8T (= DSM 29820T= NBRC 110763T; DPD TaxonNumber TA00271) 1707:1767 The type strain of D. populi is PtRA-8T (= DSM 29820T= NBRC 110763T; DPD TaxonNumber TA00271). 29080938 15 21 theme populi 1697:1702 arg1 strain 1684:1689 The type strain 1675:1689 The type strain of D. populi 1675:1702 The type strain of D. populi is PtRA-8T (= DSM 29820T= NBRC 110763T; DPD TaxonNumber TA00271). 29080938 15 22 dep PtRA-8T 1707:1713 arg1 110763T 1735:1741 = DSM 29820T= NBRC 110763T 1716:1741 = DSM 29820T= NBRC 110763T; DPD TaxonNumber TA00271 1716:1766 The type strain of D. populi is PtRA-8T (= DSM 29820T= NBRC 110763T; DPD TaxonNumber TA00271). 29080938 8 23 theme acid 731:734 arg1 content 736:742 the total fatty acid content 715:742 the total fatty acid content 715:742 The major cellular fatty acids (> 10% of the total fatty acid content) were iso-C15:0 (17.8%), C16:0 (15.0%), iso-C17:0 (10.4%), and iso-C17:1 ω9c/C16:010-methyl (22.2%). 29080938 4 24 from aerobic 254:260 arg1 width 334:338 width 334:338 width 334:338 Cells of strain PtRA-8T were aerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, Gram-stain-negative rods, 1.0‒2.0 µm in width and 3.0‒10.0 µm in length. 29080938 4 24 from aerobic 254:260 arg1 length 359:364 length 359:364 length 359:364 Cells of strain PtRA-8T were aerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, Gram-stain-negative rods, 1.0‒2.0 µm in width and 3.0‒10.0 µm in length. 29080938 4 24 from aerobic 254:260 arg1 3.0‒10.0 µm 344:354 3.0‒10.0 µm 344:354 3.0‒10.0 µm 344:354 Cells of strain PtRA-8T were aerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, Gram-stain-negative rods, 1.0‒2.0 µm in width and 3.0‒10.0 µm in length. 29080938 10 25 contain containing 1036:1045 arg2 acid 1056:1059 glutamic acid 1047:1059 glutamic acid 1047:1059 The peptidoglycan was A3β-type containing glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, and ornithine. 29080938 10 25 contain containing 1036:1045 arg1 peptidoglycan 1009:1021 The peptidoglycan 1005:1021 The peptidoglycan 1005:1021 The peptidoglycan was A3β-type containing glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, and ornithine. 29080938 10 25 contain containing 1036:1045 arg2 ornithine 1084:1092 ornithine 1084:1092 ornithine 1084:1092 The peptidoglycan was A3β-type containing glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, and ornithine. 29080938 10 25 contain containing 1036:1045 arg1 A3β-type 1027:1034 A3β-type 1027:1034 A3β-type containing glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, and ornithine 1027:1092 The peptidoglycan was A3β-type containing glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, and ornithine. 29080938 10 25 contain containing 1036:1045 arg2 glycine 1062:1068 glycine 1062:1068 glycine 1062:1068 The peptidoglycan was A3β-type containing glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, and ornithine. 29080938 10 25 contain containing 1036:1045 arg2 alanine 1071:1077 alanine 1071:1077 alanine 1071:1077 The peptidoglycan was A3β-type containing glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, and ornithine. 29080938 12 26 theme gene 1190:1193 arg1 sequences 1195:1203 16S rRNA gene sequences 1181:1203 16S rRNA gene sequences 1181:1203 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PtRA-8T was closely related to "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%), Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%), and Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%). 29080938 15 27 theme type 1679:1682 arg1 PtRA-8T 1707:1713 PtRA-8T 1707:1713 PtRA-8T (= DSM 29820T= NBRC 110763T; DPD TaxonNumber TA00271) 1707:1767 The type strain of D. populi is PtRA-8T (= DSM 29820T= NBRC 110763T; DPD TaxonNumber TA00271). 29080938 15 27 theme type 1679:1682 arg1 strain 1684:1689 The type strain 1675:1689 The type strain of D. populi 1675:1702 The type strain of D. populi is PtRA-8T (= DSM 29820T= NBRC 110763T; DPD TaxonNumber TA00271). 29080938 11 28 theme strain 1120:1125 arg1 PtRA-8T 1127:1133 strain PtRA-8T 1120:1133 strain PtRA-8T 1120:1133 The DNA G + C content of strain PtRA-8T was 68.2 mol%. 29080938 9 29 theme polar 849:853 arg1 lipids 855:860 The polar lipids 845:860 The polar lipids 845:860 The polar lipids consisted of four unidentified glycolipids, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified phospholipids, and three unidentified polar lipids. 29080938 1 30 theme Japanese 71:78 arg1 tree 86:89 a Japanese aspen tree 69:89 a Japanese aspen tree 69:89 nov. from the trunk surface of a Japanese aspen tree. 29080938 6 31 theme similar 590:596 arg1 irradiation 577:587 UV irradiation 574:587 UV irradiation 574:587 The temperature range for growth was between 10 and 37 °C, with an optimum at around 25‒30 °C. Strain PtRA-8T was highly resistant to UV irradiation, similar to its Deinococcus relatives. 29080938 15 32 theme = DSM 1716:1720 arg1 110763T 1735:1741 = DSM 29820T= NBRC 110763T 1716:1741 = DSM 29820T= NBRC 110763T; DPD TaxonNumber TA00271 1716:1766 The type strain of D. populi is PtRA-8T (= DSM 29820T= NBRC 110763T; DPD TaxonNumber TA00271). 29080938 0 33 theme populi 27:32 arg1 sp 34:35 Deinococcus populi sp 15:35 Deinococcus populi sp 15:35 Description of Deinococcus populi sp. 29080938 14 34 theme novel 1580:1584 arg1 species 1586:1592 a novel species 1578:1592 a novel species 1578:1592 Based on the polyphasic evidence, we concluded that strain PtRA-8T represents a novel species within the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus populi is proposed. 29080938 1 35 theme aspen 80:84 arg1 tree 86:89 a Japanese aspen tree 69:89 a Japanese aspen tree 69:89 nov. from the trunk surface of a Japanese aspen tree. 29080938 1 36 dep nov. 38:41 arg1 surface 58:64 the trunk surface 48:64 the trunk surface of a Japanese aspen tree 48:89 nov. from the trunk surface of a Japanese aspen tree. 29080938 0 37 theme Deinococcus 15:25 arg1 sp 34:35 Deinococcus populi sp 15:35 Deinococcus populi sp 15:35 Description of Deinococcus populi sp. 29080938 2 38 dep isolated 134:141 arg1 var 208:210 var 208:210 var 208:210 A bacterial strain designated PtRA-8T was isolated from the trunk surface of a Japanese aspen tree (Populus tremula var. 29080938 13 39 theme strain 1429:1434 arg1 PtRA-8T 1436:1442 strain PtRA-8T 1429:1442 strain PtRA-8T 1429:1442 The DNA-DNA hybridization experiments between strain PtRA-8T and its relatives yielded relatedness values below 70%. 29080938 12 40 theme Deinococcus 1297:1307 arg1 27521T 1321:1326 Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T 1297:1326 Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%) 1297:1334 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PtRA-8T was closely related to "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%), Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%), and Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%). 29080938 12 40 theme Deinococcus 1297:1307 arg1 % 1333:1333 95.7% 1329:1333 95.7% 1329:1333 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PtRA-8T was closely related to "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%), Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%), and Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%). 29080938 1 41 theme tree 86:89 arg1 surface 58:64 the trunk surface 48:64 the trunk surface of a Japanese aspen tree 48:89 nov. from the trunk surface of a Japanese aspen tree. 29080938 4 42 theme strain 234:239 arg1 PtRA-8T 241:247 strain PtRA-8T 234:247 strain PtRA-8T 234:247 Cells of strain PtRA-8T were aerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, Gram-stain-negative rods, 1.0‒2.0 µm in width and 3.0‒10.0 µm in length. 29080938 9 43 theme unidentified 910:921 arg1 aminolipids 923:933 two unidentified aminolipids 906:933 two unidentified aminolipids 906:933 The polar lipids consisted of four unidentified glycolipids, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified phospholipids, and three unidentified polar lipids. 29080938 6 44 theme Deinococcus 605:615 arg1 relatives 617:625 its Deinococcus relatives 601:625 its Deinococcus relatives 601:625 The temperature range for growth was between 10 and 37 °C, with an optimum at around 25‒30 °C. Strain PtRA-8T was highly resistant to UV irradiation, similar to its Deinococcus relatives. 29080938 15 45 theme DPD 1744:1746 arg1 TaxonNumber 1748:1758 DPD TaxonNumber TA00271 1744:1766 = DSM 29820T= NBRC 110763T; DPD TaxonNumber TA00271 1716:1766 The type strain of D. populi is PtRA-8T (= DSM 29820T= NBRC 110763T; DPD TaxonNumber TA00271). 29080938 2 46 theme trunk 152:156 arg1 surface 158:164 the trunk surface 148:164 the trunk surface of a Japanese aspen tree 148:189 A bacterial strain designated PtRA-8T was isolated from the trunk surface of a Japanese aspen tree (Populus tremula var. 29080938 6 47 theme UV 574:575 arg1 irradiation 577:587 UV irradiation 574:587 UV irradiation 574:587 The temperature range for growth was between 10 and 37 °C, with an optimum at around 25‒30 °C. Strain PtRA-8T was highly resistant to UV irradiation, similar to its Deinococcus relatives. 29080938 14 48 theme Deinococcus 1643:1653 arg1 populi 1655:1660 the name Deinococcus populi 1634:1660 the name Deinococcus populi 1634:1660 Based on the polyphasic evidence, we concluded that strain PtRA-8T represents a novel species within the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus populi is proposed. 29080938 0 49 theme sp 34:35 arg1 Description 0:10 Description 0:10 Description of Deinococcus populi sp. 0:36 Description of Deinococcus populi sp. 29080938 12 50 theme YIM 1365:1367 arg1 007T 1369:1372 Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T 1341:1372 Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%) 1341:1380 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PtRA-8T was closely related to "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%), Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%), and Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%). 29080938 12 50 theme YIM 1365:1367 arg1 % 1379:1379 94.5% 1375:1379 94.5% 1375:1379 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PtRA-8T was closely related to "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%), Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%), and Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%). 29080938 9 51 theme unidentified 940:951 arg1 phospholipids 953:965 two unidentified phospholipids 936:965 two unidentified phospholipids 936:965 The polar lipids consisted of four unidentified glycolipids, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified phospholipids, and three unidentified polar lipids. 29080938 11 52 theme 68.2 mol 1139:1146 arg1 content 1109:1115 The DNA G + C content 1095:1115 The DNA G + C content of strain PtRA-8T 1095:1133 The DNA G + C content of strain PtRA-8T was 68.2 mol%. 29080938 11 52 theme 68.2 mol 1139:1146 arg1 % 1147:1147 68.2 mol% 1139:1147 68.2 mol% 1139:1147 The DNA G + C content of strain PtRA-8T was 68.2 mol%. 29080938 4 53 theme Gram-stain-negative 294:312 arg1 aerobic 254:260 aerobic 254:260 aerobic 254:260 Cells of strain PtRA-8T were aerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, Gram-stain-negative rods, 1.0‒2.0 µm in width and 3.0‒10.0 µm in length. 29080938 4 53 theme Gram-stain-negative 294:312 arg1 rods 314:317 Gram-stain-negative rods 294:317 Gram-stain-negative rods 294:317 Cells of strain PtRA-8T were aerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, Gram-stain-negative rods, 1.0‒2.0 µm in width and 3.0‒10.0 µm in length. 29080938 14 54 theme name 1638:1641 arg1 populi 1655:1660 the name Deinococcus populi 1634:1660 the name Deinococcus populi 1634:1660 Based on the polyphasic evidence, we concluded that strain PtRA-8T represents a novel species within the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus populi is proposed. 29080938 14 55 theme strain 1552:1557 arg1 PtRA-8T 1559:1565 strain PtRA-8T 1552:1565 strain PtRA-8T 1552:1565 Based on the polyphasic evidence, we concluded that strain PtRA-8T represents a novel species within the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus populi is proposed. 29080938 12 56 theme metalli 1309:1315 arg1 27521T 1321:1326 Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T 1297:1326 Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%) 1297:1334 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PtRA-8T was closely related to "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%), Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%), and Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%). 29080938 12 56 theme metalli 1309:1315 arg1 % 1333:1333 95.7% 1329:1333 95.7% 1329:1333 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PtRA-8T was closely related to "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%), Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%), and Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%). 29080938 12 57 theme 16S 1181:1183 arg1 sequences 1195:1203 16S rRNA gene sequences 1181:1203 16S rRNA gene sequences 1181:1203 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PtRA-8T was closely related to "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%), Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%), and Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%). 29080938 15 58 theme 29820T= 1722:1728 arg1 110763T 1735:1741 = DSM 29820T= NBRC 110763T 1716:1741 = DSM 29820T= NBRC 110763T; DPD TaxonNumber TA00271 1716:1766 The type strain of D. populi is PtRA-8T (= DSM 29820T= NBRC 110763T; DPD TaxonNumber TA00271). 29080938 12 59 theme DSM 1317:1319 arg1 27521T 1321:1326 Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T 1297:1326 Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%) 1297:1334 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PtRA-8T was closely related to "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%), Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%), and Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%). 29080938 12 59 theme DSM 1317:1319 arg1 % 1333:1333 95.7% 1329:1333 95.7% 1329:1333 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PtRA-8T was closely related to "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%), Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%), and Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%). 29080938 12 60 theme " 1282:1282 arg1 % 1293:1293 97.4% 1289:1293 97.4% 1289:1293 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PtRA-8T was closely related to "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%), Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%), and Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%). 29080938 12 60 theme " 1282:1282 arg1 8AT 1284:1286 "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT 1255:1286 "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%) 1255:1294 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PtRA-8T was closely related to "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%), Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%), and Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%). 29080938 13 61 theme DNA-DNA 1387:1393 arg1 hybridization 1395:1407 DNA-DNA hybridization 1387:1407 The DNA-DNA hybridization experiments between strain PtRA-8T and its relatives 1383:1460 The DNA-DNA hybridization experiments between strain PtRA-8T and its relatives yielded relatedness values below 70%. 29080938 2 62 theme aspen 180:184 arg1 tree 186:189 a Japanese aspen tree 169:189 a Japanese aspen tree 169:189 A bacterial strain designated PtRA-8T was isolated from the trunk surface of a Japanese aspen tree (Populus tremula var. 29080938 2 63 theme tree 186:189 arg1 surface 158:164 the trunk surface 148:164 the trunk surface of a Japanese aspen tree 148:189 A bacterial strain designated PtRA-8T was isolated from the trunk surface of a Japanese aspen tree (Populus tremula var. 29080938 2 64 attach isolated 134:141 arg1 surface 158:164 the trunk surface 148:164 the trunk surface of a Japanese aspen tree 148:189 A bacterial strain designated PtRA-8T was isolated from the trunk surface of a Japanese aspen tree (Populus tremula var. 29080938 2 64 attach isolated 134:141 arg2 strain 104:109 A bacterial strain 92:109 A bacterial strain designated PtRA-8T 92:128 A bacterial strain designated PtRA-8T was isolated from the trunk surface of a Japanese aspen tree (Populus tremula var. 29080938 12 65 dep Deinococcus 1256:1266 arg1 radioresistens 1268:1281 radioresistens 1268:1281 radioresistens 1268:1281 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PtRA-8T was closely related to "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%), Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%), and Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%). 29080938 13 66 theme hybridization 1395:1407 arg1 experiments 1409:1419 The DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1383:1419 The DNA-DNA hybridization experiments between strain PtRA-8T and its relatives 1383:1460 The DNA-DNA hybridization experiments between strain PtRA-8T and its relatives yielded relatedness values below 70%. 29080938 2 67 theme Japanese 171:178 arg1 tree 186:189 a Japanese aspen tree 169:189 a Japanese aspen tree 169:189 A bacterial strain designated PtRA-8T was isolated from the trunk surface of a Japanese aspen tree (Populus tremula var. 29080938 14 68 theme polyphasic 1513:1522 arg1 evidence 1524:1531 the polyphasic evidence 1509:1531 the polyphasic evidence 1509:1531 Based on the polyphasic evidence, we concluded that strain PtRA-8T represents a novel species within the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus populi is proposed. 29080938 9 69 theme polar 991:995 arg1 lipids 997:1002 three unidentified polar lipids 972:1002 three unidentified polar lipids 972:1002 The polar lipids consisted of four unidentified glycolipids, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified phospholipids, and three unidentified polar lipids. 29080938 8 70 theme major 678:682 arg1 iso-C15:0 750:758 iso-C15:0 750:758 iso-C15:0 (17.8%) 750:766 The major cellular fatty acids (> 10% of the total fatty acid content) were iso-C15:0 (17.8%), C16:0 (15.0%), iso-C17:0 (10.4%), and iso-C17:1 ω9c/C16:010-methyl (22.2%). 29080938 8 70 theme major 678:682 arg1 acids 699:703 The major cellular fatty acids 674:703 The major cellular fatty acids (> 10% of the total fatty acid content) 674:743 The major cellular fatty acids (> 10% of the total fatty acid content) were iso-C15:0 (17.8%), C16:0 (15.0%), iso-C17:0 (10.4%), and iso-C17:1 ω9c/C16:010-methyl (22.2%). 29080938 15 71 theme NBRC 1730:1733 arg1 110763T 1735:1741 = DSM 29820T= NBRC 110763T 1716:1741 = DSM 29820T= NBRC 110763T; DPD TaxonNumber TA00271 1716:1766 The type strain of D. populi is PtRA-8T (= DSM 29820T= NBRC 110763T; DPD TaxonNumber TA00271). 29080938 5 72 from 6.5 435:437 arg1 optimum 424:430 an optimum 421:430 an optimum at 6.5 421:437 The pH range for growth was between 5.5 and 7.5, with an optimum at 6.5. 29080938 8 73 theme fatty 725:729 arg1 content 736:742 the total fatty acid content 715:742 the total fatty acid content 715:742 The major cellular fatty acids (> 10% of the total fatty acid content) were iso-C15:0 (17.8%), C16:0 (15.0%), iso-C17:0 (10.4%), and iso-C17:1 ω9c/C16:010-methyl (22.2%). 29080938 12 74 theme Deinococcus 1341:1351 arg1 007T 1369:1372 Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T 1341:1372 Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%) 1341:1380 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PtRA-8T was closely related to "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%), Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%), and Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%). 29080938 12 74 theme Deinococcus 1341:1351 arg1 % 1379:1379 94.5% 1375:1379 94.5% 1375:1379 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PtRA-8T was closely related to "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%), Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%), and Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%). 29080938 12 75 theme Phylogenetic 1150:1161 arg1 analysis 1163:1170 Phylogenetic analysis 1150:1170 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 1150:1203 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PtRA-8T was closely related to "Deinococcus radioresistens" 8AT (97.4%), Deinococcus metalli DSM 27521T (95.7%), and Deinococcus yunweiensis YIM 007T (94.5%). 29080938 9 76 theme unidentified 978:989 arg1 lipids 997:1002 three unidentified polar lipids 972:1002 three unidentified polar lipids 972:1002 The polar lipids consisted of four unidentified glycolipids, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified phospholipids, and three unidentified polar lipids. 29080938 8 77 theme total 719:723 arg1 content 736:742 the total fatty acid content 715:742 the total fatty acid content 715:742 The major cellular fatty acids (> 10% of the total fatty acid content) were iso-C15:0 (17.8%), C16:0 (15.0%), iso-C17:0 (10.4%), and iso-C17:1 ω9c/C16:010-methyl (22.2%). 29080938 8 78 theme fatty 693:697 arg1 iso-C15:0 750:758 iso-C15:0 750:758 iso-C15:0 (17.8%) 750:766 The major cellular fatty acids (> 10% of the total fatty acid content) were iso-C15:0 (17.8%), C16:0 (15.0%), iso-C17:0 (10.4%), and iso-C17:1 ω9c/C16:010-methyl (22.2%). 29080938 8 78 theme fatty 693:697 arg1 acids 699:703 The major cellular fatty acids 674:703 The major cellular fatty acids (> 10% of the total fatty acid content) 674:743 The major cellular fatty acids (> 10% of the total fatty acid content) were iso-C15:0 (17.8%), C16:0 (15.0%), iso-C17:0 (10.4%), and iso-C17:1 ω9c/C16:010-methyl (22.2%). 29080938 8 79 theme cellular 684:691 arg1 iso-C15:0 750:758 iso-C15:0 750:758 iso-C15:0 (17.8%) 750:766 The major cellular fatty acids (> 10% of the total fatty acid content) were iso-C15:0 (17.8%), C16:0 (15.0%), iso-C17:0 (10.4%), and iso-C17:1 ω9c/C16:010-methyl (22.2%). 29080938 8 79 theme cellular 684:691 arg1 acids 699:703 The major cellular fatty acids 674:703 The major cellular fatty acids (> 10% of the total fatty acid content) 674:743 The major cellular fatty acids (> 10% of the total fatty acid content) were iso-C15:0 (17.8%), C16:0 (15.0%), iso-C17:0 (10.4%), and iso-C17:1 ω9c/C16:010-methyl (22.2%). 29080938 4 80 theme forming 285:291 arg1 non-spore 275:283 non-spore forming 275:291 non-spore forming 275:291 Cells of strain PtRA-8T were aerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, Gram-stain-negative rods, 1.0‒2.0 µm in width and 3.0‒10.0 µm in length. 29080938 4 80 theme forming 285:291 arg1 aerobic 254:260 aerobic 254:260 aerobic 254:260 Cells of strain PtRA-8T were aerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, Gram-stain-negative rods, 1.0‒2.0 µm in width and 3.0‒10.0 µm in length. 29080938 14 81 theme genus 1605:1609 arg1 Deinococcus 1611:1621 the genus Deinococcus 1601:1621 the genus Deinococcus 1601:1621 Based on the polyphasic evidence, we concluded that strain PtRA-8T represents a novel species within the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus populi is proposed. 29080938 8 82 theme content 736:742 arg1 content 736:742 the total fatty acid content 715:742 the total fatty acid content 715:742 The major cellular fatty acids (> 10% of the total fatty acid content) were iso-C15:0 (17.8%), C16:0 (15.0%), iso-C17:0 (10.4%), and iso-C17:1 ω9c/C16:010-methyl (22.2%). 29080938 8 82 theme content 736:742 arg1 % 710:710 > 10% 706:710 > 10% of the total fatty acid content 706:742 The major cellular fatty acids (> 10% of the total fatty acid content) were iso-C15:0 (17.8%), C16:0 (15.0%), iso-C17:0 (10.4%), and iso-C17:1 ω9c/C16:010-methyl (22.2%). 29080938 7 83 theme menaquinone 656:666 arg1 quinone 644:650 The respiratory quinone 628:650 The respiratory quinone 628:650 The respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-8. 29080938 7 83 theme menaquinone 656:666 arg1 MK-8 668:671 menaquinone MK-8 656:671 menaquinone MK-8 656:671 The respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-8. 27912750 9 0 from increase 1701:1708 arg1 tissues 1754:1760 colonic tissues 1746:1760 colonic tissues 1746:1760 Moreover, BS prevented epithelial barrier dysfunction, inducing an increase of tight junction protein levels in colonic tissues, BS also inhibited FITC-dextran permeability, and suppressed bacterial translocation to MLNs. 27912750 0 1 theme mouse 127:131 arg1 model 133:137 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model 82:137 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model 82:137 Fermented barley and soybean (BS) mixture enhances intestinal barrier function in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. 27912750 6 2 theme barrier 1144:1150 arg1 function 1152:1159 intestinal barrier function 1133:1159 intestinal barrier function 1133:1159 We also measured intestinal barrier function in vitro using DSS-treated Caco-2 cells by assessing ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting and in vivo by measuring serum level of FITC-Dextran and by performing bacteria culture from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract. 27912750 2 3 theme efficacy 325:332 arg1 lack 306:309 The lack 302:309 The lack of safety and efficacy of standard therapies, the use of food supplements for managing IBD 302:400 The lack of safety and efficacy of standard therapies, the use of food supplements for managing IBD is increasing, and many studies have reported that various food supplements provide many beneficial effects for the IBD. 27912750 8 4 theme colitis 1542:1548 arg1 model 1556:1560 a DSS-induced colitis mouse model 1528:1560 a DSS-induced colitis mouse model 1528:1560 RESULTS We found that BS alleviated the severity of colitis in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model, and suppressed levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colonic tissue. 27912750 1 5 theme immune 225:230 arg1 system 232:237 immune system 225:237 chronic or relapsing immune system activation 204:248 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic or relapsing immune system activation and inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. 27912750 10 6 theme anti-inflammatory 1937:1953 arg1 properties 1955:1964 anti-inflammatory properties 1937:1964 anti-inflammatory properties 1937:1964 In addition, BS increased the levels of Lactobacilli and Bacteroides, which have anti-inflammatory properties. 27912750 5 7 theme H 1089:1089 arg1 staining 1095:1102 H & E staining 1089:1102 H & E staining 1089:1102 Mice body weight was measured every two days and disease activity index (DAI) score was determined on Day 15; mice were sacrificed and colons were analyzed by H & E staining and RT-PCR. 27912750 11 8 theme protective 2009:2018 arg1 roles 2020:2024 protective roles 2009:2024 protective roles 2009:2024 CONCLUSION Our study suggests that BS has protective roles against inflammatory bowel disease through changes in inflammatory activity, tight junction protein expression, and gut microbiota composition in DSS-induced colitis. 27912750 11 9 contain has 2005:2007 arg2 roles 2020:2024 protective roles 2009:2024 protective roles 2009:2024 CONCLUSION Our study suggests that BS has protective roles against inflammatory bowel disease through changes in inflammatory activity, tight junction protein expression, and gut microbiota composition in DSS-induced colitis. 27912750 11 9 contain has 2005:2007 arg1 BS 2002:2003 BS 2002:2003 BS 2002:2003 CONCLUSION Our study suggests that BS has protective roles against inflammatory bowel disease through changes in inflammatory activity, tight junction protein expression, and gut microbiota composition in DSS-induced colitis. 27912750 11 10 dep CONCLUSION 1967:1976 arg1 suggests 1988:1995 suggests 1988:1995 suggests that BS has protective roles against inflammatory bowel disease through changes in inflammatory activity, tight junction protein expression, and gut microbiota composition in DSS-induced colitis 1988:2190 CONCLUSION Our study suggests that BS has protective roles against inflammatory bowel disease through changes in inflammatory activity, tight junction protein expression, and gut microbiota composition in DSS-induced colitis. 27912750 3 11 theme intestinal 664:673 arg1 inflammation 675:686 intestinal inflammation 664:686 intestinal inflammation 664:686 METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the anti-colitis effects of dietary supplementation with a fermented barley and soybean mixture (BS) on intestinal inflammation using a murine model of IBD. 27912750 6 12 theme FITC-Dextran 1308:1319 arg1 level 1299:1303 serum level 1293:1303 serum level of FITC-Dextran 1293:1319 We also measured intestinal barrier function in vitro using DSS-treated Caco-2 cells by assessing ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting and in vivo by measuring serum level of FITC-Dextran and by performing bacteria culture from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract. 27912750 1 13 theme Inflammatory 151:162 arg1 IBD 179:181 IBD 179:181 IBD 179:181 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic or relapsing immune system activation and inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. 27912750 1 13 theme Inflammatory 151:162 arg1 disease 170:176 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease 140:176 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 140:182 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic or relapsing immune system activation and inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. 27912750 4 14 theme vehicle 797:803 arg1 PBS 806:808 PBS 806:808 PBS 806:808 Female C57BL/6 mice were administered with either BS (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (PBS) control through oral gavages for 3 days and received 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water to induce colitis. 27912750 4 14 theme vehicle 797:803 arg1 control 811:817 either BS (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (PBS) control 760:817 control 811:817 Female C57BL/6 mice were administered with either BS (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (PBS) control through oral gavages for 3 days and received 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water to induce colitis. 27912750 11 15 theme microbiota 2146:2155 arg1 composition 2157:2167 gut microbiota composition 2142:2167 gut microbiota composition 2142:2167 CONCLUSION Our study suggests that BS has protective roles against inflammatory bowel disease through changes in inflammatory activity, tight junction protein expression, and gut microbiota composition in DSS-induced colitis. 27912750 3 16 with supplementation 596:610 arg1 BS 657:658 BS 657:658 BS 657:658 METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the anti-colitis effects of dietary supplementation with a fermented barley and soybean mixture (BS) on intestinal inflammation using a murine model of IBD. 27912750 3 16 with supplementation 596:610 arg1 barley 629:634 a fermented barley 617:634 a fermented barley 617:634 METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the anti-colitis effects of dietary supplementation with a fermented barley and soybean mixture (BS) on intestinal inflammation using a murine model of IBD. 27912750 3 16 with supplementation 596:610 arg1 mixture 648:654 soybean mixture 640:654 soybean mixture (BS) 640:659 METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the anti-colitis effects of dietary supplementation with a fermented barley and soybean mixture (BS) on intestinal inflammation using a murine model of IBD. 27912750 3 17 theme murine 696:701 arg1 model 703:707 a murine model 694:707 a murine model of IBD 694:714 METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the anti-colitis effects of dietary supplementation with a fermented barley and soybean mixture (BS) on intestinal inflammation using a murine model of IBD. 27912750 8 18 theme pro-inflammatory 1588:1603 arg1 cytokines 1605:1613 pro-inflammatory cytokines 1588:1613 pro-inflammatory cytokines 1588:1613 RESULTS We found that BS alleviated the severity of colitis in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model, and suppressed levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colonic tissue. 27912750 4 19 theme 5 864:864 arg1 % 865:865 % 865:865 % 865:865 Female C57BL/6 mice were administered with either BS (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (PBS) control through oral gavages for 3 days and received 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water to induce colitis. 27912750 6 20 theme Caco-2 1188:1193 arg1 cells 1195:1199 DSS-treated Caco-2 cells 1176:1199 DSS-treated Caco-2 cells 1176:1199 We also measured intestinal barrier function in vitro using DSS-treated Caco-2 cells by assessing ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting and in vivo by measuring serum level of FITC-Dextran and by performing bacteria culture from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract. 27912750 5 21 theme disease 979:985 arg1 DAI 1003:1005 DAI 1003:1005 DAI 1003:1005 Mice body weight was measured every two days and disease activity index (DAI) score was determined on Day 15; mice were sacrificed and colons were analyzed by H & E staining and RT-PCR. 27912750 5 21 theme disease 979:985 arg1 index 996:1000 disease activity index 979:1000 disease activity index (DAI) score 979:1012 Mice body weight was measured every two days and disease activity index (DAI) score was determined on Day 15; mice were sacrificed and colons were analyzed by H & E staining and RT-PCR. 27912750 6 22 dep assessing 1204:1212 arg1 measuring 1283:1291 measuring 1283:1291 measuring serum level of FITC-Dextran 1283:1319 We also measured intestinal barrier function in vitro using DSS-treated Caco-2 cells by assessing ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting and in vivo by measuring serum level of FITC-Dextran and by performing bacteria culture from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract. 27912750 6 22 dep assessing 1204:1212 arg1 performing 1328:1337 performing 1328:1337 performing bacteria culture from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract 1328:1396 We also measured intestinal barrier function in vitro using DSS-treated Caco-2 cells by assessing ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting and in vivo by measuring serum level of FITC-Dextran and by performing bacteria culture from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract. 27912750 4 23 theme oral 827:830 arg1 gavages 832:838 oral gavages 827:838 oral gavages for 3 days 827:849 Female C57BL/6 mice were administered with either BS (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (PBS) control through oral gavages for 3 days and received 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water to induce colitis. 27912750 9 24 theme bacterial 1823:1831 arg1 translocation 1833:1845 bacterial translocation 1823:1845 bacterial translocation to MLNs 1823:1853 Moreover, BS prevented epithelial barrier dysfunction, inducing an increase of tight junction protein levels in colonic tissues, BS also inhibited FITC-dextran permeability, and suppressed bacterial translocation to MLNs. 27912750 0 25 theme colitis 119:125 arg1 model 133:137 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model 82:137 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model 82:137 Fermented barley and soybean (BS) mixture enhances intestinal barrier function in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. 27912750 3 26 theme dietary 588:594 arg1 supplementation 596:610 dietary supplementation 588:610 dietary supplementation with a fermented barley and soybean mixture (BS) 588:659 METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the anti-colitis effects of dietary supplementation with a fermented barley and soybean mixture (BS) on intestinal inflammation using a murine model of IBD. 27912750 7 27 theme fecal 1454:1458 arg1 DNA 1460:1462 fecal DNA 1454:1462 fecal DNA 1454:1462 The gut microbiota was examined by real time PCR using fecal DNA. 27912750 2 28 theme food 461:464 arg1 supplements 466:476 various food supplements 453:476 various food supplements 453:476 The lack of safety and efficacy of standard therapies, the use of food supplements for managing IBD is increasing, and many studies have reported that various food supplements provide many beneficial effects for the IBD. 27912750 3 29 dep METHODS 523:529 arg1 aimed 542:546 aimed 542:546 aimed to evaluate the anti-colitis effects of dietary supplementation with a fermented barley and soybean mixture (BS) on intestinal inflammation using a murine model of IBD 542:714 METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the anti-colitis effects of dietary supplementation with a fermented barley and soybean mixture (BS) on intestinal inflammation using a murine model of IBD. 27912750 4 30 theme drinking 896:903 arg1 water 905:909 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water 864:909 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water 864:909 Female C57BL/6 mice were administered with either BS (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (PBS) control through oral gavages for 3 days and received 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water to induce colitis. 27912750 0 31 theme barrier 62:68 arg1 function 70:77 intestinal barrier function 51:77 intestinal barrier function 51:77 Fermented barley and soybean (BS) mixture enhances intestinal barrier function in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. 27912750 7 32 theme real 1434:1437 arg1 PCR 1444:1446 real time PCR 1434:1446 real time PCR using fecal DNA 1434:1462 The gut microbiota was examined by real time PCR using fecal DNA. 27912750 2 33 theme beneficial 491:500 arg1 effects 502:508 many beneficial effects 486:508 many beneficial effects for the IBD 486:520 The lack of safety and efficacy of standard therapies, the use of food supplements for managing IBD is increasing, and many studies have reported that various food supplements provide many beneficial effects for the IBD. 27912750 4 34 theme Female 717:722 arg1 mice 732:735 Female C57BL/6 mice 717:735 Female C57BL/6 mice 717:735 Female C57BL/6 mice were administered with either BS (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (PBS) control through oral gavages for 3 days and received 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water to induce colitis. 27912750 5 35 theme index 996:1000 arg1 score 1008:1012 disease activity index (DAI) score 979:1012 disease activity index (DAI) score 979:1012 Mice body weight was measured every two days and disease activity index (DAI) score was determined on Day 15; mice were sacrificed and colons were analyzed by H & E staining and RT-PCR. 27912750 4 36 theme sodium 883:888 arg1 water 905:909 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water 864:909 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water 864:909 Female C57BL/6 mice were administered with either BS (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (PBS) control through oral gavages for 3 days and received 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water to induce colitis. 27912750 3 37 from effects 577:583 arg1 inflammation 675:686 intestinal inflammation 664:686 intestinal inflammation 664:686 METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the anti-colitis effects of dietary supplementation with a fermented barley and soybean mixture (BS) on intestinal inflammation using a murine model of IBD. 27912750 6 38 theme ZO-1 1214:1217 arg1 staining 1238:1245 ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining 1214:1245 ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining 1214:1245 We also measured intestinal barrier function in vitro using DSS-treated Caco-2 cells by assessing ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting and in vivo by measuring serum level of FITC-Dextran and by performing bacteria culture from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract. 27912750 11 39 theme bowel 2047:2051 arg1 disease 2053:2059 inflammatory bowel disease 2034:2059 inflammatory bowel disease 2034:2059 CONCLUSION Our study suggests that BS has protective roles against inflammatory bowel disease through changes in inflammatory activity, tight junction protein expression, and gut microbiota composition in DSS-induced colitis. 27912750 11 40 theme tight 2103:2107 arg1 expression 2126:2135 tight junction protein expression 2103:2135 tight junction protein expression 2103:2135 CONCLUSION Our study suggests that BS has protective roles against inflammatory bowel disease through changes in inflammatory activity, tight junction protein expression, and gut microbiota composition in DSS-induced colitis. 27912750 0 41 theme Fermented 0:8 arg1 barley 10:15 Fermented barley and soybean (BS) mixture 0:40 barley 10:15 Fermented barley and soybean (BS) mixture enhances intestinal barrier function in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. 27912750 11 42 from expression 2126:2135 arg1 colitis 2184:2190 DSS-induced colitis 2172:2190 DSS-induced colitis 2172:2190 CONCLUSION Our study suggests that BS has protective roles against inflammatory bowel disease through changes in inflammatory activity, tight junction protein expression, and gut microbiota composition in DSS-induced colitis. 27912750 9 43 theme barrier 1668:1674 arg1 dysfunction 1676:1686 epithelial barrier dysfunction 1657:1686 epithelial barrier dysfunction 1657:1686 Moreover, BS prevented epithelial barrier dysfunction, inducing an increase of tight junction protein levels in colonic tissues, BS also inhibited FITC-dextran permeability, and suppressed bacterial translocation to MLNs. 27912750 11 44 from composition 2157:2167 arg1 colitis 2184:2190 DSS-induced colitis 2172:2190 DSS-induced colitis 2172:2190 CONCLUSION Our study suggests that BS has protective roles against inflammatory bowel disease through changes in inflammatory activity, tight junction protein expression, and gut microbiota composition in DSS-induced colitis. 27912750 7 45 theme gut 1403:1405 arg1 microbiota 1407:1416 The gut microbiota 1399:1416 The gut microbiota 1399:1416 The gut microbiota was examined by real time PCR using fecal DNA. 27912750 3 46 theme fermented 619:627 arg1 barley 629:634 a fermented barley 617:634 a fermented barley 617:634 METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the anti-colitis effects of dietary supplementation with a fermented barley and soybean mixture (BS) on intestinal inflammation using a murine model of IBD. 27912750 2 47 theme supplements 373:383 arg1 use 361:363 the use 357:363 the use of food supplements for managing IBD 357:400 The lack of safety and efficacy of standard therapies, the use of food supplements for managing IBD is increasing, and many studies have reported that various food supplements provide many beneficial effects for the IBD. 27912750 2 47 theme supplements 373:383 arg1 safety 314:319 safety 314:319 safety 314:319 The lack of safety and efficacy of standard therapies, the use of food supplements for managing IBD is increasing, and many studies have reported that various food supplements provide many beneficial effects for the IBD. 27912750 1 48 theme gastrointestinal 278:293 arg1 tract 295:299 the gastrointestinal tract 274:299 the gastrointestinal tract 274:299 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic or relapsing immune system activation and inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. 27912750 5 49 theme Mice 930:933 arg1 weight 940:945 Mice body weight 930:945 Mice body weight 930:945 Mice body weight was measured every two days and disease activity index (DAI) score was determined on Day 15; mice were sacrificed and colons were analyzed by H & E staining and RT-PCR. 27912750 2 50 theme many 421:424 arg1 studies 426:432 many studies 421:432 many studies 421:432 The lack of safety and efficacy of standard therapies, the use of food supplements for managing IBD is increasing, and many studies have reported that various food supplements provide many beneficial effects for the IBD. 27912750 10 51 contain have 1932:1935 arg2 properties 1955:1964 anti-inflammatory properties 1937:1964 anti-inflammatory properties 1937:1964 In addition, BS increased the levels of Lactobacilli and Bacteroides, which have anti-inflammatory properties. 27912750 10 51 contain have 1932:1935 arg1 Lactobacilli 1896:1907 Lactobacilli 1896:1907 Lactobacilli 1896:1907 In addition, BS increased the levels of Lactobacilli and Bacteroides, which have anti-inflammatory properties. 27912750 10 51 contain have 1932:1935 arg1 Bacteroides 1913:1923 Bacteroides 1913:1923 Bacteroides 1913:1923 In addition, BS increased the levels of Lactobacilli and Bacteroides, which have anti-inflammatory properties. 27912750 11 52 theme junction 2109:2116 arg1 expression 2126:2135 tight junction protein expression 2103:2135 tight junction protein expression 2103:2135 CONCLUSION Our study suggests that BS has protective roles against inflammatory bowel disease through changes in inflammatory activity, tight junction protein expression, and gut microbiota composition in DSS-induced colitis. 27912750 6 53 dep culture 1348:1354 arg1 extract 1390:1396 mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract 1361:1396 mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract 1361:1396 We also measured intestinal barrier function in vitro using DSS-treated Caco-2 cells by assessing ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting and in vivo by measuring serum level of FITC-Dextran and by performing bacteria culture from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract. 27912750 6 54 theme lymph 1372:1376 arg1 MLN 1385:1387 MLN 1385:1387 MLN 1385:1387 We also measured intestinal barrier function in vitro using DSS-treated Caco-2 cells by assessing ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting and in vivo by measuring serum level of FITC-Dextran and by performing bacteria culture from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract. 27912750 6 54 theme lymph 1372:1376 arg1 nodes 1378:1382 mesenteric lymph nodes 1361:1382 mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract 1361:1396 We also measured intestinal barrier function in vitro using DSS-treated Caco-2 cells by assessing ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting and in vivo by measuring serum level of FITC-Dextran and by performing bacteria culture from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract. 27912750 5 55 theme & 1091:1091 arg1 staining 1095:1102 H & E staining 1089:1102 H & E staining 1089:1102 Mice body weight was measured every two days and disease activity index (DAI) score was determined on Day 15; mice were sacrificed and colons were analyzed by H & E staining and RT-PCR. 27912750 9 56 theme junction 1719:1726 arg1 levels 1736:1741 tight junction protein levels 1713:1741 tight junction protein levels 1713:1741 Moreover, BS prevented epithelial barrier dysfunction, inducing an increase of tight junction protein levels in colonic tissues, BS also inhibited FITC-dextran permeability, and suppressed bacterial translocation to MLNs. 27912750 2 57 theme therapies 346:354 arg1 safety 314:319 safety 314:319 safety 314:319 The lack of safety and efficacy of standard therapies, the use of food supplements for managing IBD is increasing, and many studies have reported that various food supplements provide many beneficial effects for the IBD. 27912750 2 57 theme therapies 346:354 arg1 use 361:363 the use 357:363 the use of food supplements for managing IBD 357:400 The lack of safety and efficacy of standard therapies, the use of food supplements for managing IBD is increasing, and many studies have reported that various food supplements provide many beneficial effects for the IBD. 27912750 2 57 theme therapies 346:354 arg1 efficacy 325:332 efficacy 325:332 efficacy 325:332 The lack of safety and efficacy of standard therapies, the use of food supplements for managing IBD is increasing, and many studies have reported that various food supplements provide many beneficial effects for the IBD. 27912750 1 58 theme chronic 204:210 arg1 activation 239:248 chronic or relapsing immune system activation 204:248 chronic or relapsing immune system activation 204:248 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic or relapsing immune system activation and inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. 27912750 9 59 theme levels 1736:1741 arg1 increase 1701:1708 an increase 1698:1708 an increase of tight junction protein levels in colonic tissues 1698:1760 Moreover, BS prevented epithelial barrier dysfunction, inducing an increase of tight junction protein levels in colonic tissues, BS also inhibited FITC-dextran permeability, and suppressed bacterial translocation to MLNs. 27912750 11 60 from changes 2069:2075 arg1 composition 2157:2167 gut microbiota composition 2142:2167 gut microbiota composition 2142:2167 CONCLUSION Our study suggests that BS has protective roles against inflammatory bowel disease through changes in inflammatory activity, tight junction protein expression, and gut microbiota composition in DSS-induced colitis. 27912750 11 60 from changes 2069:2075 arg1 expression 2126:2135 tight junction protein expression 2103:2135 tight junction protein expression 2103:2135 CONCLUSION Our study suggests that BS has protective roles against inflammatory bowel disease through changes in inflammatory activity, tight junction protein expression, and gut microbiota composition in DSS-induced colitis. 27912750 11 60 from changes 2069:2075 arg1 activity 2093:2100 inflammatory activity 2080:2100 inflammatory activity 2080:2100 CONCLUSION Our study suggests that BS has protective roles against inflammatory bowel disease through changes in inflammatory activity, tight junction protein expression, and gut microbiota composition in DSS-induced colitis. 27912750 1 61 theme relapsing 215:223 arg1 activation 239:248 chronic or relapsing immune system activation 204:248 chronic or relapsing immune system activation 204:248 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic or relapsing immune system activation and inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. 27912750 9 62 theme colonic 1746:1752 arg1 tissues 1754:1760 colonic tissues 1746:1760 colonic tissues 1746:1760 Moreover, BS prevented epithelial barrier dysfunction, inducing an increase of tight junction protein levels in colonic tissues, BS also inhibited FITC-dextran permeability, and suppressed bacterial translocation to MLNs. 27912750 6 63 theme intestinal 1133:1142 arg1 function 1152:1159 intestinal barrier function 1133:1159 intestinal barrier function 1133:1159 We also measured intestinal barrier function in vitro using DSS-treated Caco-2 cells by assessing ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting and in vivo by measuring serum level of FITC-Dextran and by performing bacteria culture from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract. 27912750 8 64 theme DSS-induced 1530:1540 arg1 model 1556:1560 a DSS-induced colitis mouse model 1528:1560 a DSS-induced colitis mouse model 1528:1560 RESULTS We found that BS alleviated the severity of colitis in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model, and suppressed levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colonic tissue. 27912750 1 65 theme system 232:237 arg1 activation 239:248 chronic or relapsing immune system activation 204:248 chronic or relapsing immune system activation 204:248 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic or relapsing immune system activation and inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. 27912750 5 66 dep measured 951:958 arg1 sacrificed 1050:1059 sacrificed 1050:1059 were sacrificed 1045:1059 Mice body weight was measured every two days and disease activity index (DAI) score was determined on Day 15; mice were sacrificed and colons were analyzed by H & E staining and RT-PCR. 27912750 5 66 dep measured 951:958 arg1 analyzed 1077:1084 analyzed 1077:1084 were analyzed by H & E staining and RT-PCR 1072:1113 Mice body weight was measured every two days and disease activity index (DAI) score was determined on Day 15; mice were sacrificed and colons were analyzed by H & E staining and RT-PCR. 27912750 8 67 theme mouse 1550:1554 arg1 model 1556:1560 a DSS-induced colitis mouse model 1528:1560 a DSS-induced colitis mouse model 1528:1560 RESULTS We found that BS alleviated the severity of colitis in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model, and suppressed levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colonic tissue. 27912750 1 68 theme BACKGROUND 140:149 arg1 IBD 179:181 IBD 179:181 IBD 179:181 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic or relapsing immune system activation and inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. 27912750 1 68 theme BACKGROUND 140:149 arg1 disease 170:176 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease 140:176 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 140:182 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic or relapsing immune system activation and inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. 27912750 11 69 theme gut 2142:2144 arg1 composition 2157:2167 gut microbiota composition 2142:2167 gut microbiota composition 2142:2167 CONCLUSION Our study suggests that BS has protective roles against inflammatory bowel disease through changes in inflammatory activity, tight junction protein expression, and gut microbiota composition in DSS-induced colitis. 27912750 6 70 theme Western 1251:1257 arg1 blotting 1259:1266 Western blotting 1251:1266 Western blotting 1251:1266 We also measured intestinal barrier function in vitro using DSS-treated Caco-2 cells by assessing ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting and in vivo by measuring serum level of FITC-Dextran and by performing bacteria culture from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract. 27912750 1 71 theme bowel 164:168 arg1 IBD 179:181 IBD 179:181 IBD 179:181 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic or relapsing immune system activation and inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. 27912750 1 71 theme bowel 164:168 arg1 disease 170:176 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease 140:176 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 140:182 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic or relapsing immune system activation and inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. 27912750 11 72 from activity 2093:2100 arg1 colitis 2184:2190 DSS-induced colitis 2172:2190 DSS-induced colitis 2172:2190 CONCLUSION Our study suggests that BS has protective roles against inflammatory bowel disease through changes in inflammatory activity, tight junction protein expression, and gut microbiota composition in DSS-induced colitis. 27912750 9 73 theme FITC-dextran 1781:1792 arg1 permeability 1794:1805 FITC-dextran permeability 1781:1805 FITC-dextran permeability 1781:1805 Moreover, BS prevented epithelial barrier dysfunction, inducing an increase of tight junction protein levels in colonic tissues, BS also inhibited FITC-dextran permeability, and suppressed bacterial translocation to MLNs. 27912750 3 74 theme IBD 712:714 arg1 model 703:707 a murine model 694:707 a murine model of IBD 694:714 METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the anti-colitis effects of dietary supplementation with a fermented barley and soybean mixture (BS) on intestinal inflammation using a murine model of IBD. 27912750 11 75 theme DSS-induced 2172:2182 arg1 colitis 2184:2190 DSS-induced colitis 2172:2190 DSS-induced colitis 2172:2190 CONCLUSION Our study suggests that BS has protective roles against inflammatory bowel disease through changes in inflammatory activity, tight junction protein expression, and gut microbiota composition in DSS-induced colitis. 27912750 0 76 theme -induced 110:117 arg1 model 133:137 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model 82:137 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model 82:137 Fermented barley and soybean (BS) mixture enhances intestinal barrier function in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. 27912750 4 77 theme dextran 867:873 arg1 DSS 891:893 DSS 891:893 DSS 891:893 Female C57BL/6 mice were administered with either BS (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (PBS) control through oral gavages for 3 days and received 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water to induce colitis. 27912750 4 77 theme dextran 867:873 arg1 sodium 883:888 dextran sulfate sodium 867:888 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water 864:909 Female C57BL/6 mice were administered with either BS (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (PBS) control through oral gavages for 3 days and received 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water to induce colitis. 27912750 6 78 theme DSS-treated 1176:1186 arg1 cells 1195:1199 DSS-treated Caco-2 cells 1176:1199 DSS-treated Caco-2 cells 1176:1199 We also measured intestinal barrier function in vitro using DSS-treated Caco-2 cells by assessing ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting and in vivo by measuring serum level of FITC-Dextran and by performing bacteria culture from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract. 27912750 5 79 theme activity 987:994 arg1 DAI 1003:1005 DAI 1003:1005 DAI 1003:1005 Mice body weight was measured every two days and disease activity index (DAI) score was determined on Day 15; mice were sacrificed and colons were analyzed by H & E staining and RT-PCR. 27912750 5 79 theme activity 987:994 arg1 index 996:1000 disease activity index 979:1000 disease activity index (DAI) score 979:1012 Mice body weight was measured every two days and disease activity index (DAI) score was determined on Day 15; mice were sacrificed and colons were analyzed by H & E staining and RT-PCR. 27912750 8 80 theme cytokines 1605:1613 arg1 levels 1578:1583 levels 1578:1583 levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines 1578:1613 RESULTS We found that BS alleviated the severity of colitis in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model, and suppressed levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colonic tissue. 27912750 8 81 theme colonic 1618:1624 arg1 tissue 1626:1631 colonic tissue 1618:1631 colonic tissue 1618:1631 RESULTS We found that BS alleviated the severity of colitis in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model, and suppressed levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colonic tissue. 27912750 0 82 theme intestinal 51:60 arg1 function 70:77 intestinal barrier function 51:77 intestinal barrier function 51:77 Fermented barley and soybean (BS) mixture enhances intestinal barrier function in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. 27912750 3 83 theme anti-colitis 564:575 arg1 effects 577:583 the anti-colitis effects 560:583 the anti-colitis effects of dietary supplementation with a fermented barley and soybean mixture (BS) on intestinal inflammation 560:686 METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the anti-colitis effects of dietary supplementation with a fermented barley and soybean mixture (BS) on intestinal inflammation using a murine model of IBD. 27912750 7 84 theme time 1439:1442 arg1 PCR 1444:1446 real time PCR 1434:1446 real time PCR using fecal DNA 1434:1462 The gut microbiota was examined by real time PCR using fecal DNA. 27912750 2 85 theme various 453:459 arg1 supplements 466:476 various food supplements 453:476 various food supplements 453:476 The lack of safety and efficacy of standard therapies, the use of food supplements for managing IBD is increasing, and many studies have reported that various food supplements provide many beneficial effects for the IBD. 27912750 4 86 theme % 865:865 arg1 water 905:909 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water 864:909 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water 864:909 Female C57BL/6 mice were administered with either BS (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (PBS) control through oral gavages for 3 days and received 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water to induce colitis. 27912750 10 87 theme Lactobacilli 1896:1907 arg1 levels 1886:1891 the levels 1882:1891 the levels of Lactobacilli and Bacteroides, which have anti-inflammatory properties 1882:1964 In addition, BS increased the levels of Lactobacilli and Bacteroides, which have anti-inflammatory properties. 27912750 2 88 theme many 486:489 arg1 effects 502:508 many beneficial effects 486:508 many beneficial effects for the IBD 486:520 The lack of safety and efficacy of standard therapies, the use of food supplements for managing IBD is increasing, and many studies have reported that various food supplements provide many beneficial effects for the IBD. 27912750 6 89 theme immunofluorescence 1219:1236 arg1 staining 1238:1245 ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining 1214:1245 ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining 1214:1245 We also measured intestinal barrier function in vitro using DSS-treated Caco-2 cells by assessing ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting and in vivo by measuring serum level of FITC-Dextran and by performing bacteria culture from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract. 27912750 8 90 dep RESULTS 1465:1471 arg1 found 1476:1480 found 1476:1480 found that BS alleviated the severity of colitis in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model, and suppressed levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colonic tissue 1476:1631 RESULTS We found that BS alleviated the severity of colitis in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model, and suppressed levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colonic tissue. 27912750 8 91 theme colitis 1517:1523 arg1 severity 1505:1512 the severity 1501:1512 the severity of colitis 1501:1523 RESULTS We found that BS alleviated the severity of colitis in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model, and suppressed levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colonic tissue. 27912750 4 92 theme sulfate 875:881 arg1 DSS 891:893 DSS 891:893 DSS 891:893 Female C57BL/6 mice were administered with either BS (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (PBS) control through oral gavages for 3 days and received 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water to induce colitis. 27912750 4 92 theme sulfate 875:881 arg1 sodium 883:888 dextran sulfate sodium 867:888 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water 864:909 Female C57BL/6 mice were administered with either BS (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (PBS) control through oral gavages for 3 days and received 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water to induce colitis. 27912750 4 93 theme C57BL/6 724:730 arg1 mice 732:735 Female C57BL/6 mice 717:735 Female C57BL/6 mice 717:735 Female C57BL/6 mice were administered with either BS (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (PBS) control through oral gavages for 3 days and received 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water to induce colitis. 27912750 11 94 theme protein 2118:2124 arg1 expression 2126:2135 tight junction protein expression 2103:2135 tight junction protein expression 2103:2135 CONCLUSION Our study suggests that BS has protective roles against inflammatory bowel disease through changes in inflammatory activity, tight junction protein expression, and gut microbiota composition in DSS-induced colitis. 27912750 9 95 theme epithelial 1657:1666 arg1 dysfunction 1676:1686 epithelial barrier dysfunction 1657:1686 epithelial barrier dysfunction 1657:1686 Moreover, BS prevented epithelial barrier dysfunction, inducing an increase of tight junction protein levels in colonic tissues, BS also inhibited FITC-dextran permeability, and suppressed bacterial translocation to MLNs. 27912750 0 96 theme soybean 21:27 arg1 BS 30:31 BS 30:31 BS 30:31 Fermented barley and soybean (BS) mixture enhances intestinal barrier function in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. 27912750 0 96 theme soybean 21:27 arg1 mixture 34:40 Fermented barley and soybean (BS) mixture 0:40 mixture 34:40 Fermented barley and soybean (BS) mixture enhances intestinal barrier function in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. 27912750 11 97 theme inflammatory 2034:2045 arg1 disease 2053:2059 inflammatory bowel disease 2034:2059 inflammatory bowel disease 2034:2059 CONCLUSION Our study suggests that BS has protective roles against inflammatory bowel disease through changes in inflammatory activity, tight junction protein expression, and gut microbiota composition in DSS-induced colitis. 27912750 6 98 theme serum 1293:1297 arg1 level 1299:1303 serum level 1293:1303 serum level of FITC-Dextran 1293:1319 We also measured intestinal barrier function in vitro using DSS-treated Caco-2 cells by assessing ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting and in vivo by measuring serum level of FITC-Dextran and by performing bacteria culture from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract. 27912750 10 99 theme Bacteroides 1913:1923 arg1 levels 1886:1891 the levels 1882:1891 the levels of Lactobacilli and Bacteroides, which have anti-inflammatory properties 1882:1964 In addition, BS increased the levels of Lactobacilli and Bacteroides, which have anti-inflammatory properties. 27912750 11 100 theme inflammatory 2080:2091 arg1 activity 2093:2100 inflammatory activity 2080:2100 inflammatory activity 2080:2100 CONCLUSION Our study suggests that BS has protective roles against inflammatory bowel disease through changes in inflammatory activity, tight junction protein expression, and gut microbiota composition in DSS-induced colitis. 27912750 3 101 theme supplementation 596:610 arg1 effects 577:583 the anti-colitis effects 560:583 the anti-colitis effects of dietary supplementation with a fermented barley and soybean mixture (BS) on intestinal inflammation 560:686 METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the anti-colitis effects of dietary supplementation with a fermented barley and soybean mixture (BS) on intestinal inflammation using a murine model of IBD. 27912750 2 102 theme food 368:371 arg1 supplements 373:383 food supplements 368:383 food supplements 368:383 The lack of safety and efficacy of standard therapies, the use of food supplements for managing IBD is increasing, and many studies have reported that various food supplements provide many beneficial effects for the IBD. 27912750 5 103 theme body 935:938 arg1 weight 940:945 Mice body weight 930:945 Mice body weight 930:945 Mice body weight was measured every two days and disease activity index (DAI) score was determined on Day 15; mice were sacrificed and colons were analyzed by H & E staining and RT-PCR. 27912750 3 104 theme soybean 640:646 arg1 BS 657:658 BS 657:658 BS 657:658 METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the anti-colitis effects of dietary supplementation with a fermented barley and soybean mixture (BS) on intestinal inflammation using a murine model of IBD. 27912750 3 104 theme soybean 640:646 arg1 mixture 648:654 soybean mixture 640:654 soybean mixture (BS) 640:659 METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the anti-colitis effects of dietary supplementation with a fermented barley and soybean mixture (BS) on intestinal inflammation using a murine model of IBD. 27912750 2 105 theme safety 314:319 arg1 lack 306:309 The lack 302:309 The lack of safety and efficacy of standard therapies, the use of food supplements for managing IBD 302:400 The lack of safety and efficacy of standard therapies, the use of food supplements for managing IBD is increasing, and many studies have reported that various food supplements provide many beneficial effects for the IBD. 27912750 6 106 theme nodes 1378:1382 arg1 extract 1390:1396 mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract 1361:1396 mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract 1361:1396 We also measured intestinal barrier function in vitro using DSS-treated Caco-2 cells by assessing ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting and in vivo by measuring serum level of FITC-Dextran and by performing bacteria culture from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract. 27912750 9 107 theme tight 1713:1717 arg1 levels 1736:1741 tight junction protein levels 1713:1741 tight junction protein levels 1713:1741 Moreover, BS prevented epithelial barrier dysfunction, inducing an increase of tight junction protein levels in colonic tissues, BS also inhibited FITC-dextran permeability, and suppressed bacterial translocation to MLNs. 27912750 6 108 theme mesenteric 1361:1370 arg1 MLN 1385:1387 MLN 1385:1387 MLN 1385:1387 We also measured intestinal barrier function in vitro using DSS-treated Caco-2 cells by assessing ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting and in vivo by measuring serum level of FITC-Dextran and by performing bacteria culture from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract. 27912750 6 108 theme mesenteric 1361:1370 arg1 nodes 1378:1382 mesenteric lymph nodes 1361:1382 mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract 1361:1396 We also measured intestinal barrier function in vitro using DSS-treated Caco-2 cells by assessing ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting and in vivo by measuring serum level of FITC-Dextran and by performing bacteria culture from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract. 27912750 5 109 theme E 1093:1093 arg1 staining 1095:1102 H & E staining 1089:1102 H & E staining 1089:1102 Mice body weight was measured every two days and disease activity index (DAI) score was determined on Day 15; mice were sacrificed and colons were analyzed by H & E staining and RT-PCR. 27912750 6 110 from culture 1348:1354 arg1 bacteria 1339:1346 bacteria 1339:1346 bacteria culture from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract 1339:1396 We also measured intestinal barrier function in vitro using DSS-treated Caco-2 cells by assessing ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting and in vivo by measuring serum level of FITC-Dextran and by performing bacteria culture from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) extract. 27912750 9 111 theme protein 1728:1734 arg1 levels 1736:1741 tight junction protein levels 1713:1741 tight junction protein levels 1713:1741 Moreover, BS prevented epithelial barrier dysfunction, inducing an increase of tight junction protein levels in colonic tissues, BS also inhibited FITC-dextran permeability, and suppressed bacterial translocation to MLNs. 27912750 2 112 theme standard 337:344 arg1 therapies 346:354 standard therapies 337:354 standard therapies 337:354 The lack of safety and efficacy of standard therapies, the use of food supplements for managing IBD is increasing, and many studies have reported that various food supplements provide many beneficial effects for the IBD. 26892181 2 0 theme non-motile 101:110 arg1 strain 137:142 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain 71:142 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain 71:142 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain, designated YIM Y47(T), was isolated from soils collected from Turpan desert, China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 26892181 7 1 theme diamino 885:891 arg1 acid 862:865 LL-diaminopimelic acid 844:865 LL-diaminopimelic acid 844:865 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM Y47(T) contained LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26892181 7 1 theme diamino 885:891 arg1 acid 893:896 the diagnostic diamino acid 870:896 the diagnostic diamino acid 870:896 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM Y47(T) contained LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26892181 2 2 theme rod-shaped 113:122 arg1 strain 137:142 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain 71:142 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain 71:142 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain, designated YIM Y47(T), was isolated from soils collected from Turpan desert, China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 26892181 6 3 theme predominant 697:707 arg1 features 655:662 chemotaxonomic features 640:662 chemotaxonomic features with menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 640:688 The strain YIM Y47(T) exhibits chemotaxonomic features with menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant quinone, C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0 (>10 %) as major fatty acids. 26892181 6 3 theme predominant 697:707 arg1 quinone 709:715 the predominant quinone 693:715 the predominant quinone 693:715 The strain YIM Y47(T) exhibits chemotaxonomic features with menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant quinone, C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0 (>10 %) as major fatty acids. 26892181 6 4 theme fatty 772:776 arg1 acids 778:782 major fatty acids 766:782 major fatty acids 766:782 The strain YIM Y47(T) exhibits chemotaxonomic features with menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant quinone, C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0 (>10 %) as major fatty acids. 26892181 4 5 theme sequence 408:415 arg1 similarities 417:428 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 386:428 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 386:428 YIM Y47(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Aeromicrobium massiliense JC14(T) (96.47 %). 26892181 4 6 theme Aeromicrobium 435:447 arg1 T 466:466 T 466:466 T 466:466 YIM Y47(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Aeromicrobium massiliense JC14(T) (96.47 %). 26892181 4 6 theme Aeromicrobium 435:447 arg1 JC14 461:464 Aeromicrobium massiliense JC14 435:464 Aeromicrobium massiliense JC14(T) (96.47 %) 435:477 YIM Y47(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Aeromicrobium massiliense JC14(T) (96.47 %). 26892181 4 6 theme Aeromicrobium 435:447 arg1 % 476:476 96.47 % 470:476 96.47 % 470:476 YIM Y47(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Aeromicrobium massiliense JC14(T) (96.47 %). 26892181 12 7 theme 39113 1384:1388 arg1 T 1433:1433 T 1433:1433 T 1433:1433 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 12 7 theme 39113 1384:1388 arg1 30627 1427:1431 =KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627 1378:1431 =KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T) 1378:1434 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 7 8 theme diagnostic 874:883 arg1 acid 862:865 LL-diaminopimelic acid 844:865 LL-diaminopimelic acid 844:865 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM Y47(T) contained LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26892181 7 8 theme diagnostic 874:883 arg1 acid 893:896 the diagnostic diamino acid 870:896 the diagnostic diamino acid 870:896 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM Y47(T) contained LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26892181 6 9 theme major 766:770 arg1 acids 778:782 major fatty acids 766:782 major fatty acids 766:782 The strain YIM Y47(T) exhibits chemotaxonomic features with menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant quinone, C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0 (>10 %) as major fatty acids. 26892181 3 10 theme strain 313:318 arg1 T 328:328 T 328:328 T 328:328 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain YIM Y47(T) belonged to the genus Aeromicrobium. 26892181 3 10 theme strain 313:318 arg1 Y47 324:326 strain YIM Y47 313:326 strain YIM Y47(T) 313:329 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain YIM Y47(T) belonged to the genus Aeromicrobium. 26892181 9 11 theme strain 1074:1079 arg1 Y47 1085:1087 strain YIM Y47 1074:1087 strain YIM Y47(T) 1074:1090 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain YIM Y47(T) was found to be 44.7 mol%. 26892181 9 11 theme strain 1074:1079 arg1 T 1089:1089 T 1089:1089 T 1089:1089 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain YIM Y47(T) was found to be 44.7 mol%. 26892181 12 12 theme T 1407:1407 arg1 T 1433:1433 T 1433:1433 T 1433:1433 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 12 12 theme T 1407:1407 arg1 30627 1427:1431 =KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627 1378:1431 =KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T) 1378:1434 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 1 13 theme desert 51:56 arg1 sample 63:68 desert soil sample 51:68 desert soil sample 51:68 nov., isolated from desert soil sample. 26892181 2 14 attach isolated 172:179 arg1 soils 186:190 soils 186:190 soils collected from Turpan desert, China 186:226 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain, designated YIM Y47(T), was isolated from soils collected from Turpan desert, China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 26892181 2 14 attach isolated 172:179 arg2 strain 137:142 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain 71:142 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain 71:142 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain, designated YIM Y47(T), was isolated from soils collected from Turpan desert, China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 26892181 3 15 theme YIM 320:322 arg1 T 328:328 T 328:328 T 328:328 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain YIM Y47(T) belonged to the genus Aeromicrobium. 26892181 3 15 theme YIM 320:322 arg1 Y47 324:326 strain YIM Y47 313:326 strain YIM Y47(T) 313:329 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain YIM Y47(T) belonged to the genus Aeromicrobium. 26892181 4 16 theme 16S 394:396 arg1 rRNA 398:401 16S rRNA 394:401 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 386:428 YIM Y47(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Aeromicrobium massiliense JC14(T) (96.47 %). 26892181 5 17 theme optimum 538:544 arg1 pH 549:550 optimum at pH 7.0 538:554 optimum at pH 7.0 538:554 Growth occurs at 20-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0), and salinities of 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum at 4.0 %). 26892181 5 17 theme optimum 538:544 arg1 pH 526:527 pH 6.0-8.0 526:535 pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) 526:555 Growth occurs at 20-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0), and salinities of 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum at 4.0 %). 26892181 9 18 theme YIM 1081:1083 arg1 Y47 1085:1087 strain YIM Y47 1074:1087 strain YIM Y47(T) 1074:1090 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain YIM Y47(T) was found to be 44.7 mol%. 26892181 9 18 theme YIM 1081:1083 arg1 T 1089:1089 T 1089:1089 T 1089:1089 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain YIM Y47(T) was found to be 44.7 mol%. 26892181 1 19 theme soil 58:61 arg1 sample 63:68 desert soil sample 51:68 desert soil sample 51:68 nov., isolated from desert soil sample. 26892181 9 20 theme 44.7 mol 1108:1115 arg1 content 1044:1050 The G+C content 1036:1050 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain YIM Y47(T) 1036:1090 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain YIM Y47(T) was found to be 44.7 mol%. 26892181 9 20 theme 44.7 mol 1108:1115 arg1 % 1116:1116 44.7 mol% 1108:1116 44.7 mol% 1108:1116 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain YIM Y47(T) was found to be 44.7 mol%. 26892181 7 21 theme strain 816:821 arg1 T 831:831 T 831:831 T 831:831 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM Y47(T) contained LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26892181 7 21 theme strain 816:821 arg1 Y47 827:829 strain YIM Y47 816:829 strain YIM Y47(T) 816:832 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM Y47(T) contained LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26892181 5 22 theme NaCl 584:587 arg1 salinities 562:571 salinities 562:571 salinities of 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum at 4.0 %) 562:606 Growth occurs at 20-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0), and salinities of 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum at 4.0 %). 26892181 5 22 theme NaCl 584:587 arg1 30 °C 518:522 optimum at 30 °C 507:522 optimum at 30 °C 507:522 Growth occurs at 20-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0), and salinities of 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum at 4.0 %). 26892181 5 22 theme NaCl 584:587 arg1 pH 549:550 optimum at pH 7.0 538:554 optimum at pH 7.0 538:554 Growth occurs at 20-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0), and salinities of 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum at 4.0 %). 26892181 5 22 theme NaCl 584:587 arg1 % 605:605 optimum at 4.0 % 590:605 optimum at 4.0 % 590:605 Growth occurs at 20-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0), and salinities of 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum at 4.0 %). 26892181 5 22 theme NaCl 584:587 arg1 20-45 °C 497:504 20-45 °C 497:504 20-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C) 497:523 Growth occurs at 20-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0), and salinities of 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum at 4.0 %). 26892181 5 22 theme NaCl 584:587 arg1 pH 526:527 pH 6.0-8.0 526:535 pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) 526:555 Growth occurs at 20-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0), and salinities of 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum at 4.0 %). 26892181 4 23 theme highest 386:392 arg1 similarities 417:428 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 386:428 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 386:428 YIM Y47(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Aeromicrobium massiliense JC14(T) (96.47 %). 26892181 5 24 theme at 515:516 arg1 20-45 °C 497:504 20-45 °C 497:504 20-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C) 497:523 Growth occurs at 20-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0), and salinities of 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum at 4.0 %). 26892181 5 24 theme at 515:516 arg1 30 °C 518:522 optimum at 30 °C 507:522 optimum at 30 °C 507:522 Growth occurs at 20-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0), and salinities of 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum at 4.0 %). 26892181 5 25 theme optimum 507:513 arg1 20-45 °C 497:504 20-45 °C 497:504 20-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C) 497:523 Growth occurs at 20-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0), and salinities of 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum at 4.0 %). 26892181 5 25 theme optimum 507:513 arg1 30 °C 518:522 optimum at 30 °C 507:522 optimum at 30 °C 507:522 Growth occurs at 20-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0), and salinities of 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum at 4.0 %). 26892181 12 26 theme 29939 1414:1418 arg1 T 1433:1433 T 1433:1433 T 1433:1433 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 12 26 theme 29939 1414:1418 arg1 30627 1427:1431 =KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627 1378:1431 =KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T) 1378:1434 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 10 27 theme Aeromicrobium 1282:1294 arg1 species 1261:1267 a novel species 1253:1267 a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium 1253:1294 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain YIM Y47(T) should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, with the name Aeromicrobium halotolerans sp. 26892181 2 28 theme actinomycete 124:135 arg1 strain 137:142 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain 71:142 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain 71:142 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain, designated YIM Y47(T), was isolated from soils collected from Turpan desert, China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 26892181 10 29 theme strain 1198:1203 arg1 T 1213:1213 T 1213:1213 T 1213:1213 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain YIM Y47(T) should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, with the name Aeromicrobium halotolerans sp. 26892181 10 29 theme strain 1198:1203 arg1 Y47 1209:1211 strain YIM Y47 1198:1211 strain YIM Y47(T) 1198:1214 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain YIM Y47(T) should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, with the name Aeromicrobium halotolerans sp. 26892181 6 30 theme strain 613:618 arg1 Y47 624:626 The strain YIM Y47 609:626 The strain YIM Y47(T) 609:629 The strain YIM Y47(T) exhibits chemotaxonomic features with menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant quinone, C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0 (>10 %) as major fatty acids. 26892181 6 30 theme strain 613:618 arg1 T 628:628 T 628:628 T 628:628 The strain YIM Y47(T) exhibits chemotaxonomic features with menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant quinone, C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0 (>10 %) as major fatty acids. 26892181 10 31 theme phenotypic 1161:1170 arg1 data 1172:1175 phenotypic data 1161:1175 phenotypic data 1161:1175 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain YIM Y47(T) should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, with the name Aeromicrobium halotolerans sp. 26892181 12 32 theme =DSM 1409:1412 arg1 T 1433:1433 T 1433:1433 T 1433:1433 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 12 32 theme =DSM 1409:1412 arg1 30627 1427:1431 =KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627 1378:1431 =KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T) 1378:1434 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 8 33 theme unknown 1013:1019 arg1 phospholipids 1021:1033 unknown phospholipids 1013:1033 unknown phospholipids 1013:1033 The polar lipids were found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and unknown phospholipids. 26892181 10 34 theme name 1306:1309 arg1 sp 1338:1339 the name Aeromicrobium halotolerans sp 1302:1339 the name Aeromicrobium halotolerans sp 1302:1339 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain YIM Y47(T) should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, with the name Aeromicrobium halotolerans sp. 26892181 4 35 theme rRNA 398:401 arg1 similarities 417:428 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 386:428 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 386:428 YIM Y47(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Aeromicrobium massiliense JC14(T) (96.47 %). 26892181 10 36 theme genus 1276:1280 arg1 Aeromicrobium 1282:1294 the genus Aeromicrobium 1272:1294 the genus Aeromicrobium 1272:1294 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain YIM Y47(T) should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, with the name Aeromicrobium halotolerans sp. 26892181 2 37 theme taxonomic 259:267 arg1 study 269:273 a polyphasic taxonomic study 246:273 a polyphasic taxonomic study 246:273 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain, designated YIM Y47(T), was isolated from soils collected from Turpan desert, China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 26892181 9 38 theme Y47 1085:1087 arg1 DNA 1067:1069 the genomic DNA 1055:1069 the genomic DNA of strain YIM Y47(T) 1055:1090 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain YIM Y47(T) was found to be 44.7 mol%. 26892181 7 39 theme LL-diaminopimelic 844:860 arg1 acid 862:865 LL-diaminopimelic acid 844:865 LL-diaminopimelic acid 844:865 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM Y47(T) contained LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26892181 7 39 theme LL-diaminopimelic 844:860 arg1 acid 893:896 the diagnostic diamino acid 870:896 the diagnostic diamino acid 870:896 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM Y47(T) contained LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26892181 2 40 theme polyphasic 248:257 arg1 study 269:273 a polyphasic taxonomic study 246:273 a polyphasic taxonomic study 246:273 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain, designated YIM Y47(T), was isolated from soils collected from Turpan desert, China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 26892181 5 41 theme 0-7.0  576:581 arg1 % 582:582 % 582:582 % 582:582 Growth occurs at 20-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0), and salinities of 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum at 4.0 %). 26892181 6 42 theme YIM 620:622 arg1 Y47 624:626 The strain YIM Y47 609:626 The strain YIM Y47(T) 609:629 The strain YIM Y47(T) exhibits chemotaxonomic features with menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant quinone, C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0 (>10 %) as major fatty acids. 26892181 6 42 theme YIM 620:622 arg1 T 628:628 T 628:628 T 628:628 The strain YIM Y47(T) exhibits chemotaxonomic features with menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant quinone, C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0 (>10 %) as major fatty acids. 26892181 12 43 dep Y47 1370:1372 arg1 T 1433:1433 T 1433:1433 T 1433:1433 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 12 43 dep Y47 1370:1372 arg1 30627 1427:1431 =KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627 1378:1431 =KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T) 1378:1434 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 7 44 theme cell-wall 789:797 arg1 peptidoglycan 799:811 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 785:811 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM Y47(T) 785:832 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM Y47(T) contained LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26892181 12 45 theme =CGMCC 1392:1397 arg1 T 1433:1433 T 1433:1433 T 1433:1433 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 12 45 theme =CGMCC 1392:1397 arg1 30627 1427:1431 =KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627 1378:1431 =KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T) 1378:1434 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 8 46 theme polar 903:907 arg1 lipids 909:914 The polar lipids 899:914 The polar lipids 899:914 The polar lipids were found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and unknown phospholipids. 26892181 12 47 theme YIM 1366:1368 arg1 T 1374:1374 T 1374:1374 T 1374:1374 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 12 47 theme YIM 1366:1368 arg1 strain 1356:1361 The type strain 1347:1361 The type strain 1347:1361 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 12 47 theme YIM 1366:1368 arg1 Y47 1370:1372 YIM Y47 1366:1372 YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)) 1366:1435 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 5 48 from 30 °C 518:522 arg1 at 515:516 optimum at 30 °C 507:522 optimum at 30 °C 507:522 Growth occurs at 20-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0), and salinities of 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum at 4.0 %). 26892181 7 49 theme Y47 827:829 arg1 peptidoglycan 799:811 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 785:811 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM Y47(T) 785:832 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM Y47(T) contained LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26892181 12 50 theme type 1351:1354 arg1 strain 1356:1361 The type strain 1347:1361 The type strain 1347:1361 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 12 50 theme type 1351:1354 arg1 Y47 1370:1372 YIM Y47 1366:1372 YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)) 1366:1435 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 6 51 with features 655:662 arg1 menaquinone-7 669:681 menaquinone-7 669:681 menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 669:688 The strain YIM Y47(T) exhibits chemotaxonomic features with menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant quinone, C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0 (>10 %) as major fatty acids. 26892181 6 51 with features 655:662 arg1 MK-7 684:687 MK-7 684:687 MK-7 684:687 The strain YIM Y47(T) exhibits chemotaxonomic features with menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant quinone, C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0 (>10 %) as major fatty acids. 26892181 3 52 theme genus 347:351 arg1 Aeromicrobium 353:365 the genus Aeromicrobium 343:365 the genus Aeromicrobium 343:365 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain YIM Y47(T) belonged to the genus Aeromicrobium. 26892181 2 53 theme aerobic 88:94 arg1 strain 137:142 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain 71:142 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain 71:142 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain, designated YIM Y47(T), was isolated from soils collected from Turpan desert, China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 26892181 2 54 theme YIM 156:158 arg1 Y47 160:162 YIM Y47 156:162 YIM Y47(T) 156:165 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain, designated YIM Y47(T), was isolated from soils collected from Turpan desert, China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 26892181 2 54 theme YIM 156:158 arg1 T 164:164 T 164:164 T 164:164 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain, designated YIM Y47(T), was isolated from soils collected from Turpan desert, China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 26892181 10 55 theme halotolerans 1325:1336 arg1 sp 1338:1339 the name Aeromicrobium halotolerans sp 1302:1339 the name Aeromicrobium halotolerans sp 1302:1339 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain YIM Y47(T) should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, with the name Aeromicrobium halotolerans sp. 26892181 4 56 theme massiliense 449:459 arg1 T 466:466 T 466:466 T 466:466 YIM Y47(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Aeromicrobium massiliense JC14(T) (96.47 %). 26892181 4 56 theme massiliense 449:459 arg1 JC14 461:464 Aeromicrobium massiliense JC14 435:464 Aeromicrobium massiliense JC14(T) (96.47 %) 435:477 YIM Y47(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Aeromicrobium massiliense JC14(T) (96.47 %). 26892181 4 56 theme massiliense 449:459 arg1 % 476:476 96.47 % 470:476 96.47 % 470:476 YIM Y47(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Aeromicrobium massiliense JC14(T) (96.47 %). 26892181 5 57 theme at 546:547 arg1 pH 549:550 optimum at pH 7.0 538:554 optimum at pH 7.0 538:554 Growth occurs at 20-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0), and salinities of 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum at 4.0 %). 26892181 5 57 theme at 546:547 arg1 pH 526:527 pH 6.0-8.0 526:535 pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) 526:555 Growth occurs at 20-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0), and salinities of 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum at 4.0 %). 26892181 4 58 theme gene 403:406 arg1 similarities 417:428 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 386:428 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 386:428 YIM Y47(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Aeromicrobium massiliense JC14(T) (96.47 %). 26892181 10 59 theme Aeromicrobium 1311:1323 arg1 sp 1338:1339 the name Aeromicrobium halotolerans sp 1302:1339 the name Aeromicrobium halotolerans sp 1302:1339 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain YIM Y47(T) should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, with the name Aeromicrobium halotolerans sp. 26892181 2 60 theme Gram-positive 73:85 arg1 strain 137:142 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain 71:142 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain 71:142 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain, designated YIM Y47(T), was isolated from soils collected from Turpan desert, China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 26892181 7 61 theme YIM 823:825 arg1 T 831:831 T 831:831 T 831:831 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM Y47(T) contained LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26892181 7 61 theme YIM 823:825 arg1 Y47 827:829 strain YIM Y47 816:829 strain YIM Y47(T) 816:832 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM Y47(T) contained LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26892181 9 62 theme G+C 1040:1042 arg1 content 1044:1050 The G+C content 1036:1050 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain YIM Y47(T) 1036:1090 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain YIM Y47(T) was found to be 44.7 mol%. 26892181 9 62 theme G+C 1040:1042 arg1 % 1116:1116 44.7 mol% 1108:1116 44.7 mol% 1108:1116 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain YIM Y47(T) was found to be 44.7 mol%. 26892181 9 63 theme DNA 1067:1069 arg1 content 1044:1050 The G+C content 1036:1050 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain YIM Y47(T) 1036:1090 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain YIM Y47(T) was found to be 44.7 mol%. 26892181 9 63 theme DNA 1067:1069 arg1 % 1116:1116 44.7 mol% 1108:1116 44.7 mol% 1108:1116 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain YIM Y47(T) was found to be 44.7 mol%. 26892181 10 64 dep analyses 1148:1155 arg1 basis 1126:1130 basis 1126:1130 basis 1126:1130 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain YIM Y47(T) should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, with the name Aeromicrobium halotolerans sp. 26892181 10 64 dep analyses 1148:1155 arg1 the 1122:1124 the 1122:1124 the 1122:1124 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain YIM Y47(T) should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, with the name Aeromicrobium halotolerans sp. 26892181 10 65 theme phylogenetic 1135:1146 arg1 analyses 1148:1155 phylogenetic analyses 1135:1155 phylogenetic analyses 1135:1155 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain YIM Y47(T) should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, with the name Aeromicrobium halotolerans sp. 26892181 6 66 theme 10-methyl 739:747 arg1 C18:0 749:753 10-methyl C18:0 739:753 10-methyl C18:0 (>10 %) 739:761 The strain YIM Y47(T) exhibits chemotaxonomic features with menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant quinone, C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0 (>10 %) as major fatty acids. 26892181 6 66 theme 10-methyl 739:747 arg1 % 760:760 >10 % 756:760 >10 % 756:760 The strain YIM Y47(T) exhibits chemotaxonomic features with menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant quinone, C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0 (>10 %) as major fatty acids. 26892181 6 67 theme chemotaxonomic 640:653 arg1 features 655:662 chemotaxonomic features 640:662 chemotaxonomic features with menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 640:688 The strain YIM Y47(T) exhibits chemotaxonomic features with menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant quinone, C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0 (>10 %) as major fatty acids. 26892181 6 67 theme chemotaxonomic 640:653 arg1 quinone 709:715 the predominant quinone 693:715 the predominant quinone 693:715 The strain YIM Y47(T) exhibits chemotaxonomic features with menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant quinone, C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0 (>10 %) as major fatty acids. 26892181 7 68 contain contained 834:842 arg2 acid 893:896 the diagnostic diamino acid 870:896 the diagnostic diamino acid 870:896 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM Y47(T) contained LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26892181 7 68 contain contained 834:842 arg1 peptidoglycan 799:811 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 785:811 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM Y47(T) 785:832 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM Y47(T) contained LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26892181 7 68 contain contained 834:842 arg2 acid 862:865 LL-diaminopimelic acid 844:865 LL-diaminopimelic acid 844:865 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM Y47(T) contained LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26892181 10 69 theme YIM 1205:1207 arg1 T 1213:1213 T 1213:1213 T 1213:1213 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain YIM Y47(T) should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, with the name Aeromicrobium halotolerans sp. 26892181 10 69 theme YIM 1205:1207 arg1 Y47 1209:1211 strain YIM Y47 1198:1211 strain YIM Y47(T) 1198:1214 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain YIM Y47(T) should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, with the name Aeromicrobium halotolerans sp. 26892181 12 70 theme T 1390:1390 arg1 T 1433:1433 T 1433:1433 T 1433:1433 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 12 70 theme T 1390:1390 arg1 30627 1427:1431 =KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627 1378:1431 =KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T) 1378:1434 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 12 71 theme T 1420:1420 arg1 T 1433:1433 T 1433:1433 T 1433:1433 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 12 71 theme T 1420:1420 arg1 30627 1427:1431 =KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627 1378:1431 =KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T) 1378:1434 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 3 72 theme Phylogenetic 276:287 arg1 analysis 289:296 Phylogenetic analysis 276:296 Phylogenetic analysis 276:296 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain YIM Y47(T) belonged to the genus Aeromicrobium. 26892181 4 73 theme YIM 368:370 arg1 T 376:376 T 376:376 T 376:376 YIM Y47(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Aeromicrobium massiliense JC14(T) (96.47 %). 26892181 4 73 theme YIM 368:370 arg1 Y47 372:374 YIM Y47 368:374 YIM Y47(T) 368:377 YIM Y47(T) shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Aeromicrobium massiliense JC14(T) (96.47 %). 26892181 2 74 theme Turpan 207:212 arg1 China 222:226 China 222:226 China 222:226 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain, designated YIM Y47(T), was isolated from soils collected from Turpan desert, China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 26892181 2 74 theme Turpan 207:212 arg1 desert 214:219 Turpan desert 207:219 Turpan desert 207:219 A Gram-positive, aerobic, and non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete strain, designated YIM Y47(T), was isolated from soils collected from Turpan desert, China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 26892181 12 75 theme =KCTC 1378:1382 arg1 T 1433:1433 T 1433:1433 T 1433:1433 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 12 75 theme =KCTC 1378:1382 arg1 30627 1427:1431 =KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627 1378:1431 =KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T) 1378:1434 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 10 76 theme novel 1255:1259 arg1 species 1261:1267 a novel species 1253:1267 a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium 1253:1294 On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain YIM Y47(T) should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, with the name Aeromicrobium halotolerans sp. 26892181 9 77 theme genomic 1059:1065 arg1 DNA 1067:1069 the genomic DNA 1055:1069 the genomic DNA of strain YIM Y47(T) 1055:1090 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain YIM Y47(T) was found to be 44.7 mol%. 26892181 5 78 from pH 549:550 arg1 at 546:547 optimum at pH 7.0 538:554 optimum at pH 7.0 538:554 Growth occurs at 20-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0), and salinities of 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum at 4.0 %). 26892181 12 79 theme =JCM 1422:1425 arg1 T 1433:1433 T 1433:1433 T 1433:1433 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 12 79 theme =JCM 1422:1425 arg1 30627 1427:1431 =KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627 1378:1431 =KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T) 1378:1434 The type strain is YIM Y47(T) (=KCTC 39113(T)=CGMCC 1.15063(T)=DSM 29939(T)=JCM 30627(T)). 26892181 5 80 theme % 582:582 arg1 NaCl 584:587 0-7.0 % NaCl 576:587 0-7.0 % NaCl 576:587 Growth occurs at 20-45 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0), and salinities of 0-7.0 % NaCl (optimum at 4.0 %). 24814335 7 0 theme L. 857:858 arg1 % 889:889 96.5% 885:889 96.5% 885:889 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 7 0 theme L. 857:858 arg1 T 881:881 T 881:881 T 881:881 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 7 0 theme L. 857:858 arg1 26584 875:879 L. manganicus DSM 26584 857:879 L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%) 857:890 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 12 1 theme strain 1506:1511 arg1 T 1520:1520 T 1520:1520 T 1520:1520 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization results and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM612(T) could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinibacillus, and was suggested to represent a novel species of this genus, for which the name Lysinibacillus halotolerans sp. 24814335 12 1 theme strain 1506:1511 arg1 LAM612 1513:1518 strain LAM612 1506:1518 strain LAM612(T) 1506:1521 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization results and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM612(T) could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinibacillus, and was suggested to represent a novel species of this genus, for which the name Lysinibacillus halotolerans sp. 24814335 8 2 dep % 993:993 arg1 to 995:996 to 995:996 to 995:996 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM612(T) and its closest relatives ranged from 20.6% to 41.9%. 24814335 14 3 dep LAM612 1753:1758 arg1 T 1793:1793 T 1793:1793 T 1793:1793 The type strain is LAM612(T) ( = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611(T)). 24814335 14 3 dep LAM612 1753:1758 arg1 19611 1787:1791  = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611 1764:1791  = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611(T) 1764:1794 The type strain is LAM612(T) ( = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611(T)). 24814335 7 4 theme 16S 581:583 arg1 sequences 595:603 16S rRNA gene sequences 581:603 16S rRNA gene sequences 581:603 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 7 5 theme manganicus 860:869 arg1 % 889:889 96.5% 885:889 96.5% 885:889 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 7 5 theme manganicus 860:869 arg1 T 881:881 T 881:881 T 881:881 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 7 5 theme manganicus 860:869 arg1 26584 875:879 L. manganicus DSM 26584 857:879 L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%) 857:890 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 12 6 theme genus 1581:1585 arg1 Lysinibacillus 1587:1600 the genus Lysinibacillus 1577:1600 the genus Lysinibacillus 1577:1600 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization results and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM612(T) could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinibacillus, and was suggested to represent a novel species of this genus, for which the name Lysinibacillus halotolerans sp. 24814335 7 7 theme KACC 799:802 arg1 LAM612 619:624 LAM612 619:624 LAM612 619:624 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 7 7 theme KACC 799:802 arg1 15113 804:808 L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113 782:808 L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113 782:808 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 14 8 theme type 1738:1741 arg1 strain 1743:1748 The type strain 1734:1748 The type strain 1734:1748 The type strain is LAM612(T) ( = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611(T)). 24814335 14 8 theme type 1738:1741 arg1 LAM612 1753:1758 LAM612 1753:1758 LAM612(T) ( = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611(T)) 1753:1795 The type strain is LAM612(T) ( = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611(T)). 24814335 7 9 theme rRNA 585:588 arg1 sequences 595:603 16S rRNA gene sequences 581:603 16S rRNA gene sequences 581:603 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 12 10 theme Lysinibacillus 1587:1600 arg1 species 1566:1572 the recognized species 1551:1572 the recognized species of the genus Lysinibacillus 1551:1600 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization results and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM612(T) could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinibacillus, and was suggested to represent a novel species of this genus, for which the name Lysinibacillus halotolerans sp. 24814335 14 11 theme  = JCM 1780:1785 arg1 T 1793:1793 T 1793:1793 T 1793:1793 The type strain is LAM612(T) ( = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611(T)). 24814335 14 11 theme  = JCM 1780:1785 arg1 19611 1787:1791  = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611 1764:1791  = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611(T) 1764:1794 The type strain is LAM612(T) ( = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611(T)). 24814335 1 12 theme saline-alkaline 52:66 arg1 soil 68:71 saline-alkaline soil 52:71 saline-alkaline soil 52:71 nov., isolated from saline-alkaline soil. 24814335 12 13 theme genus 1658:1662 arg1 species 1642:1648 a novel species 1634:1648 a novel species 1634:1648 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization results and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM612(T) could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinibacillus, and was suggested to represent a novel species of this genus, for which the name Lysinibacillus halotolerans sp. 24814335 7 14 dep Lysinibacillus 652:665 arg1 sinduriensis 667:678 sinduriensis 667:678 sinduriensis 667:678 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 7 15 dep L. 743:744 arg1 T 770:770 T 770:770 T 770:770 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 7 15 dep L. 743:744 arg1 13178 764:768 KCTC 13178 759:768 L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) 743:771 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 7 15 dep L. 743:744 arg1 massiliensis 746:757 L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) 743:771 L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) 743:771 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 7 16 theme Lysinibacillus 652:665 arg1 16611 685:689 Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611 652:689 Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611 652:689 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 5 17 dep % 470:470 arg1 10 468:469 10 468:469 10 468:469 Strain LAM612(T) could grow in the presence of up to 10% (w/v) NaCl. 24814335 5 17 dep % 470:470 arg1 w/v 473:475 w/v 473:475 w/v 473:475 Strain LAM612(T) could grow in the presence of up to 10% (w/v) NaCl. 24814335 9 18 theme major 1009:1013 arg1 acids 1021:1025 The major fatty acids 1005:1025 The major fatty acids of strain LAM612(T) 1005:1045 The major fatty acids of strain LAM612(T) were iso-C(15 : 0) (40.8%), iso-C(16 : 0) (15.2%) and anteiso-C(15 : 0) (10.8%). 24814335 9 18 theme major 1009:1013 arg1 iso-C 1052:1056 iso-C 1052:1056 iso-C 1052:1056 The major fatty acids of strain LAM612(T) were iso-C(15 : 0) (40.8%), iso-C(16 : 0) (15.2%) and anteiso-C(15 : 0) (10.8%). 24814335 10 19 theme cell-wall 1132:1140 arg1 content 1156:1162 The cell-wall peptidoglycan content 1128:1162 The cell-wall peptidoglycan content 1128:1162 The cell-wall peptidoglycan content was A4α (L-Lys-D-Asp). 24814335 10 19 theme cell-wall 1132:1140 arg1 A4α 1168:1170 A4α 1168:1170 A4α (L-Lys-D-Asp) 1168:1184 The cell-wall peptidoglycan content was A4α (L-Lys-D-Asp). 24814335 14 20 theme T 1778:1778 arg1 T 1793:1793 T 1793:1793 T 1793:1793 The type strain is LAM612(T) ( = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611(T)). 24814335 14 20 theme T 1778:1778 arg1 19611 1787:1791  = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611 1764:1791  = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611(T) 1764:1794 The type strain is LAM612(T) ( = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611(T)). 24814335 12 21 theme name 1679:1682 arg1 Lysinibacillus 1684:1697 the name Lysinibacillus 1675:1697 the name Lysinibacillus 1675:1697 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization results and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM612(T) could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinibacillus, and was suggested to represent a novel species of this genus, for which the name Lysinibacillus halotolerans sp. 24814335 9 22 theme fatty 1015:1019 arg1 acids 1021:1025 The major fatty acids 1005:1025 The major fatty acids of strain LAM612(T) 1005:1045 The major fatty acids of strain LAM612(T) were iso-C(15 : 0) (40.8%), iso-C(16 : 0) (15.2%) and anteiso-C(15 : 0) (10.8%). 24814335 9 22 theme fatty 1015:1019 arg1 iso-C 1052:1056 iso-C 1052:1056 iso-C 1052:1056 The major fatty acids of strain LAM612(T) were iso-C(15 : 0) (40.8%), iso-C(16 : 0) (15.2%) and anteiso-C(15 : 0) (10.8%). 24814335 9 23 theme LAM612 1037:1042 arg1 acids 1021:1025 The major fatty acids 1005:1025 The major fatty acids of strain LAM612(T) 1005:1045 The major fatty acids of strain LAM612(T) were iso-C(15 : 0) (40.8%), iso-C(16 : 0) (15.2%) and anteiso-C(15 : 0) (10.8%). 24814335 9 23 theme LAM612 1037:1042 arg1 iso-C 1052:1056 iso-C 1052:1056 iso-C 1052:1056 The major fatty acids of strain LAM612(T) were iso-C(15 : 0) (40.8%), iso-C(16 : 0) (15.2%) and anteiso-C(15 : 0) (10.8%). 24814335 4 24 theme optimal 340:346 arg1 temperature 348:358 The optimal temperature 336:358 The optimal temperature 336:358 The optimal temperature and pH for growth were 35 °C and pH 6.0, respectively. 24814335 4 24 theme optimal 340:346 arg1 °C 386:387 35 °C 383:387 35 °C 383:387 The optimal temperature and pH for growth were 35 °C and pH 6.0, respectively. 24814335 12 25 theme DNA-DNA 1416:1422 arg1 hybridization 1424:1436 DNA-DNA hybridization 1416:1436 the DNA-DNA hybridization results 1412:1444 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization results and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM612(T) could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinibacillus, and was suggested to represent a novel species of this genus, for which the name Lysinibacillus halotolerans sp. 24814335 11 26 theme polar 1237:1241 arg1 lipids 1243:1248 the main polar lipids 1228:1248 the main polar lipids 1228:1248 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown phospholipids, five unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 24814335 11 26 theme polar 1237:1241 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1255:1276 diphosphatidylglycerol 1255:1276 diphosphatidylglycerol 1255:1276 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown phospholipids, five unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 24814335 6 27 theme G+C 500:502 arg1 conten 504:509 The genomic DNA G+C conten 484:509 The genomic DNA G+C conten 484:509 The genomic DNA G+C conten was 36.4 mol% as detected by the T(m) method. 24814335 6 27 theme G+C 500:502 arg1 % 523:523 36.4 mol% 515:523 36.4 mol% 515:523 The genomic DNA G+C conten was 36.4 mol% as detected by the T(m) method. 24814335 14 28 theme 00718 1772:1776 arg1 T 1793:1793 T 1793:1793 T 1793:1793 The type strain is LAM612(T) ( = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611(T)). 24814335 14 28 theme 00718 1772:1776 arg1 19611 1787:1791  = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611 1764:1791  = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611(T) 1764:1794 The type strain is LAM612(T) ( = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611(T)). 24814335 5 29 dep 10 468:469 arg1 to 465:466 to 465:466 to 465:466 Strain LAM612(T) could grow in the presence of up to 10% (w/v) NaCl. 24814335 6 30 theme DNA 496:498 arg1 conten 504:509 The genomic DNA G+C conten 484:509 The genomic DNA G+C conten 484:509 The genomic DNA G+C conten was 36.4 mol% as detected by the T(m) method. 24814335 6 30 theme DNA 496:498 arg1 % 523:523 36.4 mol% 515:523 36.4 mol% 515:523 The genomic DNA G+C conten was 36.4 mol% as detected by the T(m) method. 24814335 5 31 theme NaCl 478:481 arg1 presence 450:457 the presence 446:457 the presence of up to 10% (w/v) NaCl 446:481 Strain LAM612(T) could grow in the presence of up to 10% (w/v) NaCl. 24814335 8 32 theme closest 959:965 arg1 relatives 967:975 its closest relatives 955:975 its closest relatives 955:975 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM612(T) and its closest relatives ranged from 20.6% to 41.9%. 24814335 5 33 theme Strain 415:420 arg1 T 429:429 T 429:429 T 429:429 Strain LAM612(T) could grow in the presence of up to 10% (w/v) NaCl. 24814335 5 33 theme Strain 415:420 arg1 LAM612 422:427 Strain LAM612 415:427 Strain LAM612(T) 415:430 Strain LAM612(T) could grow in the presence of up to 10% (w/v) NaCl. 24814335 9 34 theme strain 1030:1035 arg1 T 1044:1044 T 1044:1044 T 1044:1044 The major fatty acids of strain LAM612(T) were iso-C(15 : 0) (40.8%), iso-C(16 : 0) (15.2%) and anteiso-C(15 : 0) (10.8%). 24814335 9 34 theme strain 1030:1035 arg1 LAM612 1037:1042 strain LAM612 1030:1042 strain LAM612(T) 1030:1045 The major fatty acids of strain LAM612(T) were iso-C(15 : 0) (40.8%), iso-C(16 : 0) (15.2%) and anteiso-C(15 : 0) (10.8%). 24814335 6 35 theme genomic 488:494 arg1 conten 504:509 The genomic DNA G+C conten 484:509 The genomic DNA G+C conten 484:509 The genomic DNA G+C conten was 36.4 mol% as detected by the T(m) method. 24814335 6 35 theme genomic 488:494 arg1 % 523:523 36.4 mol% 515:523 36.4 mol% 515:523 The genomic DNA G+C conten was 36.4 mol% as detected by the T(m) method. 24814335 11 36 theme main 1232:1235 arg1 lipids 1243:1248 the main polar lipids 1228:1248 the main polar lipids 1228:1248 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown phospholipids, five unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 24814335 11 36 theme main 1232:1235 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1255:1276 diphosphatidylglycerol 1255:1276 diphosphatidylglycerol 1255:1276 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown phospholipids, five unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 24814335 3 37 theme strain 248:253 arg1 T 262:262 T 262:262 T 262:262 Cells of strain LAM612(T) were Gram-reaction-positive, endospore-forming, motile and rod-shaped. 24814335 3 37 theme strain 248:253 arg1 LAM612 255:260 strain LAM612 248:260 strain LAM612(T) 248:263 Cells of strain LAM612(T) were Gram-reaction-positive, endospore-forming, motile and rod-shaped. 24814335 12 38 theme novel 1636:1640 arg1 species 1642:1648 a novel species 1634:1648 a novel species 1634:1648 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization results and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM612(T) could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinibacillus, and was suggested to represent a novel species of this genus, for which the name Lysinibacillus halotolerans sp. 24814335 2 39 attach isolated 148:155 arg2 bacterium 104:112 A novel aerobic, halotolerant bacterium 74:112 A novel aerobic, halotolerant bacterium 74:112 A novel aerobic, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain LAM612(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil samples from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, China. 24814335 2 39 attach isolated 148:155 arg1 samples 183:189 saline-alkaline soil samples 162:189 saline-alkaline soil samples from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, China 162:236 A novel aerobic, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain LAM612(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil samples from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, China. 24814335 3 40 theme LAM612 255:260 arg1 Cells 239:243 Cells 239:243 Cells of strain LAM612(T) 239:263 Cells of strain LAM612(T) were Gram-reaction-positive, endospore-forming, motile and rod-shaped. 24814335 10 41 theme peptidoglycan 1142:1154 arg1 content 1156:1162 The cell-wall peptidoglycan content 1128:1162 The cell-wall peptidoglycan content 1128:1162 The cell-wall peptidoglycan content was A4α (L-Lys-D-Asp). 24814335 10 41 theme peptidoglycan 1142:1154 arg1 A4α 1168:1170 A4α 1168:1170 A4α (L-Lys-D-Asp) 1168:1184 The cell-wall peptidoglycan content was A4α (L-Lys-D-Asp). 24814335 6 42 theme T 544:544 arg1 method 549:554 the T(m) method 540:554 the T(m) method 540:554 The genomic DNA G+C conten was 36.4 mol% as detected by the T(m) method. 24814335 7 43 theme KACC 680:683 arg1 16611 685:689 Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611 652:689 Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611 652:689 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 12 44 theme phenotypic 1450:1459 arg1 properties 1494:1503 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties 1450:1503 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties 1450:1503 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization results and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM612(T) could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinibacillus, and was suggested to represent a novel species of this genus, for which the name Lysinibacillus halotolerans sp. 24814335 7 45 theme L. 782:783 arg1 LAM612 619:624 LAM612 619:624 LAM612 619:624 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 7 45 theme L. 782:783 arg1 15113 804:808 L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113 782:808 L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113 782:808 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 7 46 theme Comparative 557:567 arg1 analysis 569:576 Comparative analysis 557:576 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 557:603 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 14 47 theme  = ACCC 1764:1770 arg1 T 1793:1793 T 1793:1793 T 1793:1793 The type strain is LAM612(T) ( = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611(T)). 24814335 14 47 theme  = ACCC 1764:1770 arg1 19611 1787:1791  = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611 1764:1791  = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611(T) 1764:1794 The type strain is LAM612(T) ( = ACCC 00718(T) = JCM 19611(T)). 24814335 2 48 from China 232:236 arg1 samples 183:189 saline-alkaline soil samples 162:189 saline-alkaline soil samples from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, China 162:236 A novel aerobic, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain LAM612(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil samples from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, China. 24814335 11 49 theme unknown 1333:1339 arg1 phospholipids 1341:1353 three unknown phospholipids 1327:1353 three unknown phospholipids 1327:1353 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown phospholipids, five unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 24814335 11 50 theme unknown 1361:1367 arg1 glycolipids 1369:1379 five unknown glycolipids 1356:1379 five unknown glycolipids 1356:1379 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown phospholipids, five unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 24814335 7 51 theme xylanilyticus 785:797 arg1 LAM612 619:624 LAM612 619:624 LAM612 619:624 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 7 51 theme xylanilyticus 785:797 arg1 15113 804:808 L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113 782:808 L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113 782:808 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 8 52 theme 20.6 989:992 arg1 % 993:993 % 993:993 % 993:993 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM612(T) and its closest relatives ranged from 20.6% to 41.9%. 24814335 12 53 theme phylogenetic 1462:1473 arg1 properties 1494:1503 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties 1450:1503 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties 1450:1503 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization results and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM612(T) could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinibacillus, and was suggested to represent a novel species of this genus, for which the name Lysinibacillus halotolerans sp. 24814335 8 54 theme 41.9 998:1001 arg1 % 993:993 % 993:993 % 993:993 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM612(T) and its closest relatives ranged from 20.6% to 41.9%. 24814335 8 55 theme DNA-DNA 897:903 arg1 hybridization 905:917 DNA-DNA hybridization 897:917 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM612(T) and its closest relatives 893:975 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM612(T) and its closest relatives ranged from 20.6% to 41.9%. 24814335 12 56 theme recognized 1555:1564 arg1 species 1566:1572 the recognized species 1551:1572 the recognized species of the genus Lysinibacillus 1551:1600 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization results and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM612(T) could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinibacillus, and was suggested to represent a novel species of this genus, for which the name Lysinibacillus halotolerans sp. 24814335 2 57 theme aerobic 82:88 arg1 bacterium 104:112 A novel aerobic, halotolerant bacterium 74:112 A novel aerobic, halotolerant bacterium 74:112 A novel aerobic, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain LAM612(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil samples from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, China. 24814335 2 58 dep aerobic 82:88 arg1 halotolerant 91:102 halotolerant 91:102 halotolerant 91:102 A novel aerobic, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain LAM612(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil samples from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, China. 24814335 11 59 theme unknown 1388:1394 arg1 lipid 1396:1400 an unknown lipid 1385:1400 an unknown lipid 1385:1400 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown phospholipids, five unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 24814335 2 60 theme novel 76:80 arg1 bacterium 104:112 A novel aerobic, halotolerant bacterium 74:112 A novel aerobic, halotolerant bacterium 74:112 A novel aerobic, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain LAM612(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil samples from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, China. 24814335 11 61 theme predominant 1191:1201 arg1 MK-7 1219:1222 MK-7 1219:1222 MK-7 1219:1222 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown phospholipids, five unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 24814335 11 61 theme predominant 1191:1201 arg1 menaquinone 1203:1213 The predominant menaquinone 1187:1213 The predominant menaquinone 1187:1213 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown phospholipids, five unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. 24814335 2 62 theme soil 178:181 arg1 samples 183:189 saline-alkaline soil samples 162:189 saline-alkaline soil samples from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, China 162:236 A novel aerobic, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain LAM612(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil samples from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, China. 24814335 7 63 theme KCTC 759:762 arg1 T 770:770 T 770:770 T 770:770 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 7 63 theme KCTC 759:762 arg1 13178 764:768 KCTC 13178 759:768 L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) 743:771 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 8 64 theme hybridization 905:917 arg1 values 919:924 The DNA-DNA hybridization values 893:924 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM612(T) and its closest relatives 893:975 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM612(T) and its closest relatives ranged from 20.6% to 41.9%. 24814335 7 65 theme DSM 871:873 arg1 % 889:889 96.5% 885:889 96.5% 885:889 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 7 65 theme DSM 871:873 arg1 T 881:881 T 881:881 T 881:881 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 7 65 theme DSM 871:873 arg1 26584 875:879 L. manganicus DSM 26584 857:879 L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%) 857:890 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 2 66 theme saline-alkaline 162:176 arg1 samples 183:189 saline-alkaline soil samples 162:189 saline-alkaline soil samples from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, China 162:236 A novel aerobic, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain LAM612(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil samples from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, China. 24814335 5 67 dep NaCl 478:481 arg1 % 470:470 % 470:470 % 470:470 Strain LAM612(T) could grow in the presence of up to 10% (w/v) NaCl. 24814335 8 68 theme strain 934:939 arg1 T 948:948 T 948:948 T 948:948 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM612(T) and its closest relatives ranged from 20.6% to 41.9%. 24814335 8 68 theme strain 934:939 arg1 LAM612 941:946 strain LAM612 934:946 strain LAM612(T) 934:949 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain LAM612(T) and its closest relatives ranged from 20.6% to 41.9%. 24814335 7 69 theme gene 590:593 arg1 sequences 595:603 16S rRNA gene sequences 581:603 16S rRNA gene sequences 581:603 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 24814335 12 70 theme chemotaxonomic 1479:1492 arg1 properties 1494:1503 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties 1450:1503 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties 1450:1503 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization results and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM612(T) could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinibacillus, and was suggested to represent a novel species of this genus, for which the name Lysinibacillus halotolerans sp. 24814335 2 71 theme strain 126:131 arg1 T 140:140 T 140:140 T 140:140 A novel aerobic, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain LAM612(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil samples from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, China. 24814335 2 71 theme strain 126:131 arg1 LAM612 133:138 strain LAM612 126:138 strain LAM612(T) 126:141 A novel aerobic, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain LAM612(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil samples from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, China. 24814335 12 72 theme hybridization 1424:1436 arg1 results 1438:1444 the DNA-DNA hybridization results 1412:1444 the DNA-DNA hybridization results 1412:1444 Based on the DNA-DNA hybridization results and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM612(T) could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinibacillus, and was suggested to represent a novel species of this genus, for which the name Lysinibacillus halotolerans sp. 24814335 6 73 theme mol 520:522 arg1 conten 504:509 The genomic DNA G+C conten 484:509 The genomic DNA G+C conten 484:509 The genomic DNA G+C conten was 36.4 mol% as detected by the T(m) method. 24814335 6 73 theme mol 520:522 arg1 % 523:523 36.4 mol% 515:523 36.4 mol% 515:523 The genomic DNA G+C conten was 36.4 mol% as detected by the T(m) method. 24814335 7 74 theme sequences 595:603 arg1 analysis 569:576 Comparative analysis 557:576 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 557:603 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612(T) was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611(T) (98.0%), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626(T) (97.5%), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178(T) (97.4%), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113(T) (97.2%), L. macroides DSM 54(T) (97.0%) and L. manganicus DSM 26584(T) (96.5%). 28417608 1 0 theme myocardial 292:301 arg1 STEMI 315:319 STEMI 315:319 STEMI 315:319 BACKGROUND The optimal antithrombotic regimen for urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) is currently unknown. 28417608 1 0 theme myocardial 292:301 arg1 infarction 303:312 ST segment myocardial infarction 281:312 ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) 281:320 BACKGROUND The optimal antithrombotic regimen for urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) is currently unknown. 28417608 10 1 theme bleeding 1762:1769 arg1 complications 1771:1783 reduced bleeding complications 1754:1783 reduced bleeding complications as compared to heparin alone or heparin plus GPI 1754:1832 CONCLUSION In STEMI patients undergoing PCI within 24 hr after thrombolytic therapy, bivalirudin was associated with a strong trend toward reduced bleeding complications as compared to heparin alone or heparin plus GPI. 28417608 1 2 theme percutaneous 204:215 arg1 PCI 241:243 PCI 241:243 PCI 241:243 BACKGROUND The optimal antithrombotic regimen for urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) is currently unknown. 28417608 1 2 theme percutaneous 204:215 arg1 interventions 226:238 urgent percutaneous coronary interventions 197:238 urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) 197:244 BACKGROUND The optimal antithrombotic regimen for urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) is currently unknown. 28417608 4 3 theme stroke 863:868 arg1 stroke 863:868 stroke 863:868 stroke 863:868 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 3 theme stroke 863:868 arg1 composite 802:810 a composite 800:810 a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke 800:868 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 3 theme stroke 863:868 arg1 point 733:737 The primary end point 717:737 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) 717:783 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 3 theme stroke 863:868 arg1 infarction 843:852 myocardial infarction 832:852 myocardial infarction (MI) 832:857 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 3 theme stroke 863:868 arg1 death 825:829 inpatient death 815:829 inpatient death 815:829 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 12 4 theme bivalirudin 1974:1984 arg1 use 1967:1969 use 1967:1969 use of bivalirudin during PCI following thrombolytic therapy 1967:2026 Our study demonstrated that use of bivalirudin during PCI following thrombolytic therapy is associated with a trend toward reduced bleeding complications compared to heparin alone or heparin plus GPI. 28417608 6 5 used used 1044:1047 arg2 Univariable 979:989 Univariable 979:989 Univariable 979:989 Univariable, multivariable and propensity-weighted modeling were used to compare MACE and NACE between the three treatment groups. 28417608 6 5 used used 1044:1047 arg2 modeling 1030:1037 propensity-weighted modeling 1010:1037 propensity-weighted modeling 1010:1037 Univariable, multivariable and propensity-weighted modeling were used to compare MACE and NACE between the three treatment groups. 28417608 6 5 used used 1044:1047 arg2 multivariable 992:1004 multivariable 992:1004 multivariable 992:1004 Univariable, multivariable and propensity-weighted modeling were used to compare MACE and NACE between the three treatment groups. 28417608 3 6 theme anticoagulation 599:613 arg1 strategy 615:622 the anticoagulation strategy 595:622 the anticoagulation strategy 595:622 The patients were divided into three cohorts based on the anticoagulation strategy during PCI-bivalirudin, heparin alone or heparin plus Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 28417608 9 7 theme regression 1402:1411 arg1 model 1413:1417 the reduced logistic regression model 1381:1417 the reduced logistic regression model 1381:1417 In the reduced logistic regression model, compared to bivalirudin, the odds of NACE was significantly higher with heparin alone (OR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.21, 10.54, P = 0.02) or with heparin plus GPI (OR: 9.0, 95% CI: 2.83, 28.64, P <0.001). 28417608 11 8 theme antithrombotic 1847:1860 arg1 regiment 1862:1869 The optimal antithrombotic regiment 1835:1869 The optimal antithrombotic regiment for urgent PCI following thrombolytic therapy 1835:1915 The optimal antithrombotic regiment for urgent PCI following thrombolytic therapy is currently unknown. 28417608 11 8 theme antithrombotic 1847:1860 arg1 unknown 1930:1936 unknown 1930:1936 unknown 1930:1936 The optimal antithrombotic regiment for urgent PCI following thrombolytic therapy is currently unknown. 28417608 11 9 theme urgent 1875:1880 arg1 PCI 1882:1884 urgent PCI 1875:1884 urgent PCI following thrombolytic therapy 1875:1915 The optimal antithrombotic regiment for urgent PCI following thrombolytic therapy is currently unknown. 28417608 13 10 theme adjunctive 2167:2176 arg1 anticoagulation 2178:2192 adjunctive anticoagulation 2167:2192 adjunctive anticoagulation during PCI 2167:2203 Large randomized trials of adjunctive anticoagulation during PCI in this complex post-thrombolytic population are warranted. 28417608 4 11 theme major 742:746 arg1 MACE 779:782 MACE 779:782 MACE 779:782 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 11 theme major 742:746 arg1 events 771:776 major adverse cardiovascular events 742:776 major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) 742:783 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 7 12 dep RESULTS 1110:1116 arg1 total 1120:1124 A total 1118:1124 RESULTS A total of 695 patients 1110:1140 RESULTS A total of 695 patients met the inclusion criteria during the study period. 28417608 4 13 theme cardiovascular 756:769 arg1 MACE 779:782 MACE 779:782 MACE 779:782 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 13 theme cardiovascular 756:769 arg1 events 771:776 major adverse cardiovascular events 742:776 major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) 742:783 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 13 14 theme Large 2140:2144 arg1 trials 2157:2162 Large randomized trials 2140:2162 Large randomized trials of adjunctive anticoagulation during PCI in this complex post-thrombolytic population 2140:2248 Large randomized trials of adjunctive anticoagulation during PCI in this complex post-thrombolytic population are warranted. 28417608 4 15 theme primary 721:727 arg1 stroke 863:868 stroke 863:868 stroke 863:868 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 15 theme primary 721:727 arg1 composite 802:810 a composite 800:810 a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke 800:868 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 15 theme primary 721:727 arg1 point 733:737 The primary end point 717:737 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) 717:783 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 15 theme primary 721:727 arg1 infarction 843:852 myocardial infarction 832:852 myocardial infarction (MI) 832:857 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 15 theme primary 721:727 arg1 death 825:829 inpatient death 815:829 inpatient death 815:829 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 9 16 theme logistic 1393:1400 arg1 model 1413:1417 the reduced logistic regression model 1381:1417 the reduced logistic regression model 1381:1417 In the reduced logistic regression model, compared to bivalirudin, the odds of NACE was significantly higher with heparin alone (OR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.21, 10.54, P = 0.02) or with heparin plus GPI (OR: 9.0, 95% CI: 2.83, 28.64, P <0.001). 28417608 9 17 theme NACE 1457:1460 arg1 higher 1480:1485 higher 1480:1485 higher 1480:1485 In the reduced logistic regression model, compared to bivalirudin, the odds of NACE was significantly higher with heparin alone (OR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.21, 10.54, P = 0.02) or with heparin plus GPI (OR: 9.0, 95% CI: 2.83, 28.64, P <0.001). 28417608 9 17 theme NACE 1457:1460 arg1 odds 1449:1452 the odds 1445:1452 the odds of NACE 1445:1460 In the reduced logistic regression model, compared to bivalirudin, the odds of NACE was significantly higher with heparin alone (OR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.21, 10.54, P = 0.02) or with heparin plus GPI (OR: 9.0, 95% CI: 2.83, 28.64, P <0.001). 28417608 6 18 theme propensity-weighted 1010:1028 arg1 modeling 1030:1037 propensity-weighted modeling 1010:1037 propensity-weighted modeling 1010:1037 Univariable, multivariable and propensity-weighted modeling were used to compare MACE and NACE between the three treatment groups. 28417608 0 19 theme thrombolytic 95:106 arg1 therapy 108:114 thrombolytic therapy 95:114 thrombolytic therapy 95:114 Comparison of antithrombotic agents during urgent percutaneous coronary intervention following thrombolytic therapy: A retrospective cohort study. 28417608 3 20 theme IIb/IIIa 691:698 arg1 GPI 711:713 GPI 711:713 GPI 711:713 The patients were divided into three cohorts based on the anticoagulation strategy during PCI-bivalirudin, heparin alone or heparin plus Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 28417608 3 20 theme IIb/IIIa 691:698 arg1 inhibitor 700:708 Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor 678:708 Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI) 678:714 The patients were divided into three cohorts based on the anticoagulation strategy during PCI-bivalirudin, heparin alone or heparin plus Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 28417608 1 21 dep BACKGROUND 147:156 arg1 regimen 185:191 The optimal antithrombotic regimen 158:191 The optimal antithrombotic regimen for urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) 158:320 BACKGROUND The optimal antithrombotic regimen for urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) is currently unknown. 28417608 1 21 dep BACKGROUND 147:156 arg1 unknown 335:341 unknown 335:341 unknown 335:341 BACKGROUND The optimal antithrombotic regimen for urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) is currently unknown. 28417608 5 22 theme bleeding 955:962 arg1 complications 964:976 major bleeding complications 949:976 major bleeding complications 949:976 Net adverse clinical events (NACE) were defined as a combination of MACE plus major bleeding complications. 28417608 10 23 from CONCLUSION 1615:1624 arg1 patients 1635:1642 STEMI patients 1629:1642 STEMI patients undergoing PCI within 24 hr after thrombolytic therapy, bivalirudin 1629:1710 CONCLUSION In STEMI patients undergoing PCI within 24 hr after thrombolytic therapy, bivalirudin was associated with a strong trend toward reduced bleeding complications as compared to heparin alone or heparin plus GPI. 28417608 4 24 theme adverse 748:754 arg1 MACE 779:782 MACE 779:782 MACE 779:782 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 24 theme adverse 748:754 arg1 events 771:776 major adverse cardiovascular events 742:776 major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) 742:783 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 10 25 dep complications 1771:1783 arg1 compared 1788:1795 compared 1788:1795 compared to heparin alone or heparin plus GPI 1788:1832 CONCLUSION In STEMI patients undergoing PCI within 24 hr after thrombolytic therapy, bivalirudin was associated with a strong trend toward reduced bleeding complications as compared to heparin alone or heparin plus GPI. 28417608 0 26 theme retrospective 119:131 arg1 study 140:144 A retrospective cohort study 117:144 Comparison of antithrombotic agents during urgent percutaneous coronary intervention following thrombolytic therapy: A retrospective cohort study. 0:145 Comparison of antithrombotic agents during urgent percutaneous coronary intervention following thrombolytic therapy: A retrospective cohort study. 28417608 2 27 theme urgent 479:484 arg1 PCI 486:488 urgent PCI 479:488 urgent PCI 479:488 METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients referred to our institution from January 2005 to July 2014 who underwent urgent PCI within 24 hr after receiving thrombolytic therapy. 28417608 7 28 theme study 1180:1184 arg1 period 1186:1191 the study period 1176:1191 the study period 1176:1191 RESULTS A total of 695 patients met the inclusion criteria during the study period. 28417608 12 29 theme reduced 2062:2068 arg1 complications 2079:2091 reduced bleeding complications 2062:2091 reduced bleeding complications compared to heparin alone or heparin plus GPI 2062:2137 Our study demonstrated that use of bivalirudin during PCI following thrombolytic therapy is associated with a trend toward reduced bleeding complications compared to heparin alone or heparin plus GPI. 28417608 0 30 theme antithrombotic 14:27 arg1 agents 29:34 antithrombotic agents 14:34 antithrombotic agents 14:34 Comparison of antithrombotic agents during urgent percutaneous coronary intervention following thrombolytic therapy: A retrospective cohort study. 28417608 4 31 theme myocardial 832:841 arg1 MI 855:856 MI 855:856 MI 855:856 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 31 theme myocardial 832:841 arg1 infarction 843:852 myocardial infarction 832:852 myocardial infarction (MI) 832:857 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 13 32 theme anticoagulation 2178:2192 arg1 trials 2157:2162 Large randomized trials 2140:2162 Large randomized trials of adjunctive anticoagulation during PCI in this complex post-thrombolytic population 2140:2248 Large randomized trials of adjunctive anticoagulation during PCI in this complex post-thrombolytic population are warranted. 28417608 7 33 theme inclusion 1150:1158 arg1 criteria 1160:1167 the inclusion criteria 1146:1167 the inclusion criteria 1146:1167 RESULTS A total of 695 patients met the inclusion criteria during the study period. 28417608 3 34 theme Glycoprotein 678:689 arg1 GPI 711:713 GPI 711:713 GPI 711:713 The patients were divided into three cohorts based on the anticoagulation strategy during PCI-bivalirudin, heparin alone or heparin plus Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 28417608 3 34 theme Glycoprotein 678:689 arg1 inhibitor 700:708 Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor 678:708 Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI) 678:714 The patients were divided into three cohorts based on the anticoagulation strategy during PCI-bivalirudin, heparin alone or heparin plus Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI). 28417608 0 35 theme percutaneous 50:61 arg1 intervention 72:83 urgent percutaneous coronary intervention 43:83 urgent percutaneous coronary intervention following thrombolytic therapy 43:114 Comparison of antithrombotic agents during urgent percutaneous coronary intervention following thrombolytic therapy: A retrospective cohort study. 28417608 12 36 theme PCI 1993:1995 arg1 therapy 2020:2026 PCI following thrombolytic therapy 1993:2026 PCI following thrombolytic therapy 1993:2026 Our study demonstrated that use of bivalirudin during PCI following thrombolytic therapy is associated with a trend toward reduced bleeding complications compared to heparin alone or heparin plus GPI. 28417608 8 37 theme difference 1248:1257 arg1 treatment 1259:1267 no significant difference treatment 1233:1267 no significant difference treatment 1233:1267 In the univariable analysis, there was no significant difference treatment in MACE between the three groups (Bivalirudin: 1.2% vs. Heparin + GPI: 4.4%; Heparin alone: 2.7%, P = 0.11). 28417608 1 38 theme thrombolytic 256:267 arg1 therapy 269:275 thrombolytic therapy 256:275 thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) 256:320 BACKGROUND The optimal antithrombotic regimen for urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) is currently unknown. 28417608 8 39 dep groups 1295:1300 arg1 Heparin + GPI 1325:1337 Heparin + GPI 1325:1337 Heparin + GPI 1325:1337 In the univariable analysis, there was no significant difference treatment in MACE between the three groups (Bivalirudin: 1.2% vs. Heparin + GPI: 4.4%; Heparin alone: 2.7%, P = 0.11). 28417608 8 39 dep groups 1295:1300 arg1 P = 0.11 1367:1374 P = 0.11 1367:1374 P = 0.11 1367:1374 In the univariable analysis, there was no significant difference treatment in MACE between the three groups (Bivalirudin: 1.2% vs. Heparin + GPI: 4.4%; Heparin alone: 2.7%, P = 0.11). 28417608 8 39 dep groups 1295:1300 arg1 % 1319:1319 Bivalirudin: 1.2% 1303:1319 Bivalirudin: 1.2% 1303:1319 In the univariable analysis, there was no significant difference treatment in MACE between the three groups (Bivalirudin: 1.2% vs. Heparin + GPI: 4.4%; Heparin alone: 2.7%, P = 0.11). 28417608 1 40 theme antithrombotic 170:183 arg1 regimen 185:191 The optimal antithrombotic regimen 158:191 The optimal antithrombotic regimen for urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) 158:320 BACKGROUND The optimal antithrombotic regimen for urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) is currently unknown. 28417608 1 40 theme antithrombotic 170:183 arg1 unknown 335:341 unknown 335:341 unknown 335:341 BACKGROUND The optimal antithrombotic regimen for urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) is currently unknown. 28417608 12 41 theme thrombolytic 2007:2018 arg1 therapy 2020:2026 PCI following thrombolytic therapy 1993:2026 PCI following thrombolytic therapy 1993:2026 Our study demonstrated that use of bivalirudin during PCI following thrombolytic therapy is associated with a trend toward reduced bleeding complications compared to heparin alone or heparin plus GPI. 28417608 9 42 theme reduced 1385:1391 arg1 model 1413:1417 the reduced logistic regression model 1381:1417 the reduced logistic regression model 1381:1417 In the reduced logistic regression model, compared to bivalirudin, the odds of NACE was significantly higher with heparin alone (OR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.21, 10.54, P = 0.02) or with heparin plus GPI (OR: 9.0, 95% CI: 2.83, 28.64, P <0.001). 28417608 0 43 theme coronary 63:70 arg1 intervention 72:83 urgent percutaneous coronary intervention 43:83 urgent percutaneous coronary intervention following thrombolytic therapy 43:114 Comparison of antithrombotic agents during urgent percutaneous coronary intervention following thrombolytic therapy: A retrospective cohort study. 28417608 0 44 dep Comparison 0:9 arg1 study 140:144 A retrospective cohort study 117:144 Comparison of antithrombotic agents during urgent percutaneous coronary intervention following thrombolytic therapy: A retrospective cohort study. 0:145 Comparison of antithrombotic agents during urgent percutaneous coronary intervention following thrombolytic therapy: A retrospective cohort study. 28417608 1 45 theme segment 284:290 arg1 STEMI 315:319 STEMI 315:319 STEMI 315:319 BACKGROUND The optimal antithrombotic regimen for urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) is currently unknown. 28417608 1 45 theme segment 284:290 arg1 infarction 303:312 ST segment myocardial infarction 281:312 ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) 281:320 BACKGROUND The optimal antithrombotic regimen for urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) is currently unknown. 28417608 6 46 theme treatment 1092:1100 arg1 groups 1102:1107 the three treatment groups 1082:1107 the three treatment groups 1082:1107 Univariable, multivariable and propensity-weighted modeling were used to compare MACE and NACE between the three treatment groups. 28417608 10 47 theme reduced 1754:1760 arg1 complications 1771:1783 reduced bleeding complications 1754:1783 reduced bleeding complications as compared to heparin alone or heparin plus GPI 1754:1832 CONCLUSION In STEMI patients undergoing PCI within 24 hr after thrombolytic therapy, bivalirudin was associated with a strong trend toward reduced bleeding complications as compared to heparin alone or heparin plus GPI. 28417608 1 48 theme coronary 217:224 arg1 PCI 241:243 PCI 241:243 PCI 241:243 BACKGROUND The optimal antithrombotic regimen for urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) is currently unknown. 28417608 1 48 theme coronary 217:224 arg1 interventions 226:238 urgent percutaneous coronary interventions 197:238 urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) 197:244 BACKGROUND The optimal antithrombotic regimen for urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) is currently unknown. 28417608 1 49 theme urgent 197:202 arg1 PCI 241:243 PCI 241:243 PCI 241:243 BACKGROUND The optimal antithrombotic regimen for urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) is currently unknown. 28417608 1 49 theme urgent 197:202 arg1 interventions 226:238 urgent percutaneous coronary interventions 197:238 urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) 197:244 BACKGROUND The optimal antithrombotic regimen for urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) is currently unknown. 28417608 5 50 theme adverse 875:881 arg1 NACE 900:903 NACE 900:903 NACE 900:903 Net adverse clinical events (NACE) were defined as a combination of MACE plus major bleeding complications. 28417608 5 50 theme adverse 875:881 arg1 events 892:897 Net adverse clinical events 871:897 Net adverse clinical events (NACE) 871:904 Net adverse clinical events (NACE) were defined as a combination of MACE plus major bleeding complications. 28417608 5 50 theme adverse 875:881 arg1 combination 924:934 a combination 922:934 a combination of MACE plus major bleeding complications 922:976 Net adverse clinical events (NACE) were defined as a combination of MACE plus major bleeding complications. 28417608 8 51 theme significant 1236:1246 arg1 difference 1248:1257 no significant difference 1233:1257 no significant difference treatment 1233:1267 In the univariable analysis, there was no significant difference treatment in MACE between the three groups (Bivalirudin: 1.2% vs. Heparin + GPI: 4.4%; Heparin alone: 2.7%, P = 0.11). 28417608 11 52 theme optimal 1839:1845 arg1 regiment 1862:1869 The optimal antithrombotic regiment 1835:1869 The optimal antithrombotic regiment for urgent PCI following thrombolytic therapy 1835:1915 The optimal antithrombotic regiment for urgent PCI following thrombolytic therapy is currently unknown. 28417608 11 52 theme optimal 1839:1845 arg1 unknown 1930:1936 unknown 1930:1936 unknown 1930:1936 The optimal antithrombotic regiment for urgent PCI following thrombolytic therapy is currently unknown. 28417608 13 53 theme randomized 2146:2155 arg1 trials 2157:2162 Large randomized trials 2140:2162 Large randomized trials of adjunctive anticoagulation during PCI in this complex post-thrombolytic population 2140:2248 Large randomized trials of adjunctive anticoagulation during PCI in this complex post-thrombolytic population are warranted. 28417608 11 54 theme thrombolytic 1896:1907 arg1 therapy 1909:1915 thrombolytic therapy 1896:1915 thrombolytic therapy 1896:1915 The optimal antithrombotic regiment for urgent PCI following thrombolytic therapy is currently unknown. 28417608 9 55 dep OR 1507:1508 arg1 % 1519:1519 95% CI: 1.21, 10.54 1517:1535 % 1519:1519 In the reduced logistic regression model, compared to bivalirudin, the odds of NACE was significantly higher with heparin alone (OR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.21, 10.54, P = 0.02) or with heparin plus GPI (OR: 9.0, 95% CI: 2.83, 28.64, P <0.001). 28417608 9 55 dep OR 1507:1508 arg1 P = 0.02 1538:1545 P = 0.02 1538:1545 P = 0.02 1538:1545 In the reduced logistic regression model, compared to bivalirudin, the odds of NACE was significantly higher with heparin alone (OR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.21, 10.54, P = 0.02) or with heparin plus GPI (OR: 9.0, 95% CI: 2.83, 28.64, P <0.001). 28417608 9 55 dep OR 1507:1508 arg1 3.58 1511:1514 3.58 1511:1514 3.58 1511:1514 In the reduced logistic regression model, compared to bivalirudin, the odds of NACE was significantly higher with heparin alone (OR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.21, 10.54, P = 0.02) or with heparin plus GPI (OR: 9.0, 95% CI: 2.83, 28.64, P <0.001). 28417608 10 56 theme STEMI 1629:1633 arg1 patients 1635:1642 STEMI patients 1629:1642 STEMI patients undergoing PCI within 24 hr after thrombolytic therapy, bivalirudin 1629:1710 CONCLUSION In STEMI patients undergoing PCI within 24 hr after thrombolytic therapy, bivalirudin was associated with a strong trend toward reduced bleeding complications as compared to heparin alone or heparin plus GPI. 28417608 5 57 theme clinical 883:890 arg1 NACE 900:903 NACE 900:903 NACE 900:903 Net adverse clinical events (NACE) were defined as a combination of MACE plus major bleeding complications. 28417608 5 57 theme clinical 883:890 arg1 events 892:897 Net adverse clinical events 871:897 Net adverse clinical events (NACE) 871:904 Net adverse clinical events (NACE) were defined as a combination of MACE plus major bleeding complications. 28417608 5 57 theme clinical 883:890 arg1 combination 924:934 a combination 922:934 a combination of MACE plus major bleeding complications 922:976 Net adverse clinical events (NACE) were defined as a combination of MACE plus major bleeding complications. 28417608 8 58 theme univariable 1201:1211 arg1 analysis 1213:1220 the univariable analysis 1197:1220 the univariable analysis 1197:1220 In the univariable analysis, there was no significant difference treatment in MACE between the three groups (Bivalirudin: 1.2% vs. Heparin + GPI: 4.4%; Heparin alone: 2.7%, P = 0.11). 28417608 13 59 from trials 2157:2162 arg1 population 2239:2248 this complex post-thrombolytic population 2208:2248 this complex post-thrombolytic population 2208:2248 Large randomized trials of adjunctive anticoagulation during PCI in this complex post-thrombolytic population are warranted. 28417608 2 60 dep METHODS 344:350 arg1 performed 355:363 performed 355:363 performed a retrospective analysis of all patients referred to our institution from January 2005 to July 2014 who underwent urgent PCI within 24 hr after receiving thrombolytic therapy 355:538 METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients referred to our institution from January 2005 to July 2014 who underwent urgent PCI within 24 hr after receiving thrombolytic therapy. 28417608 1 61 theme optimal 162:168 arg1 regimen 185:191 The optimal antithrombotic regimen 158:191 The optimal antithrombotic regimen for urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) 158:320 BACKGROUND The optimal antithrombotic regimen for urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) is currently unknown. 28417608 1 61 theme optimal 162:168 arg1 unknown 335:341 unknown 335:341 unknown 335:341 BACKGROUND The optimal antithrombotic regimen for urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) is currently unknown. 28417608 2 62 theme thrombolytic 519:530 arg1 therapy 532:538 thrombolytic therapy 519:538 thrombolytic therapy 519:538 METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients referred to our institution from January 2005 to July 2014 who underwent urgent PCI within 24 hr after receiving thrombolytic therapy. 28417608 8 63 theme Bivalirudin 1303:1313 arg1 P = 0.11 1367:1374 P = 0.11 1367:1374 P = 0.11 1367:1374 In the univariable analysis, there was no significant difference treatment in MACE between the three groups (Bivalirudin: 1.2% vs. Heparin + GPI: 4.4%; Heparin alone: 2.7%, P = 0.11). 28417608 8 63 theme Bivalirudin 1303:1313 arg1 % 1319:1319 Bivalirudin: 1.2% 1303:1319 Bivalirudin: 1.2% 1303:1319 In the univariable analysis, there was no significant difference treatment in MACE between the three groups (Bivalirudin: 1.2% vs. Heparin + GPI: 4.4%; Heparin alone: 2.7%, P = 0.11). 28417608 4 64 theme end 729:731 arg1 stroke 863:868 stroke 863:868 stroke 863:868 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 64 theme end 729:731 arg1 composite 802:810 a composite 800:810 a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke 800:868 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 64 theme end 729:731 arg1 point 733:737 The primary end point 717:737 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) 717:783 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 64 theme end 729:731 arg1 infarction 843:852 myocardial infarction 832:852 myocardial infarction (MI) 832:857 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 64 theme end 729:731 arg1 death 825:829 inpatient death 815:829 inpatient death 815:829 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 9 65 dep % 1585:1585 arg1 <0.001 1606:1611 P <0.001 1604:1611 P <0.001 1604:1611 In the reduced logistic regression model, compared to bivalirudin, the odds of NACE was significantly higher with heparin alone (OR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.21, 10.54, P = 0.02) or with heparin plus GPI (OR: 9.0, 95% CI: 2.83, 28.64, P <0.001). 28417608 13 66 theme complex 2213:2219 arg1 population 2239:2248 this complex post-thrombolytic population 2208:2248 this complex post-thrombolytic population 2208:2248 Large randomized trials of adjunctive anticoagulation during PCI in this complex post-thrombolytic population are warranted. 28417608 5 67 theme major 949:953 arg1 complications 964:976 major bleeding complications 949:976 major bleeding complications 949:976 Net adverse clinical events (NACE) were defined as a combination of MACE plus major bleeding complications. 28417608 9 68 theme P 1604:1604 arg1 <0.001 1606:1611 P <0.001 1604:1611 P <0.001 1604:1611 In the reduced logistic regression model, compared to bivalirudin, the odds of NACE was significantly higher with heparin alone (OR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.21, 10.54, P = 0.02) or with heparin plus GPI (OR: 9.0, 95% CI: 2.83, 28.64, P <0.001). 28417608 12 69 theme bleeding 2070:2077 arg1 complications 2079:2091 reduced bleeding complications 2062:2091 reduced bleeding complications compared to heparin alone or heparin plus GPI 2062:2137 Our study demonstrated that use of bivalirudin during PCI following thrombolytic therapy is associated with a trend toward reduced bleeding complications compared to heparin alone or heparin plus GPI. 28417608 0 70 theme cohort 133:138 arg1 study 140:144 A retrospective cohort study 117:144 Comparison of antithrombotic agents during urgent percutaneous coronary intervention following thrombolytic therapy: A retrospective cohort study. 0:145 Comparison of antithrombotic agents during urgent percutaneous coronary intervention following thrombolytic therapy: A retrospective cohort study. 28417608 5 71 theme complications 964:976 arg1 combination 924:934 a combination 922:934 a combination of MACE plus major bleeding complications 922:976 Net adverse clinical events (NACE) were defined as a combination of MACE plus major bleeding complications. 28417608 5 71 theme complications 964:976 arg1 events 892:897 Net adverse clinical events 871:897 Net adverse clinical events (NACE) 871:904 Net adverse clinical events (NACE) were defined as a combination of MACE plus major bleeding complications. 28417608 14 72 dep © 2265:2265 arg1 Inc. 2291:2294 Inc. 2291:2294 Inc. 2291:2294 © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 28417608 4 73 theme events 771:776 arg1 stroke 863:868 stroke 863:868 stroke 863:868 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 73 theme events 771:776 arg1 composite 802:810 a composite 800:810 a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke 800:868 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 73 theme events 771:776 arg1 point 733:737 The primary end point 717:737 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) 717:783 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 73 theme events 771:776 arg1 infarction 843:852 myocardial infarction 832:852 myocardial infarction (MI) 832:857 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 73 theme events 771:776 arg1 death 825:829 inpatient death 815:829 inpatient death 815:829 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 0 74 theme agents 29:34 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of antithrombotic agents during urgent percutaneous coronary intervention following thrombolytic therapy: A retrospective cohort study. 0:145 Comparison of antithrombotic agents during urgent percutaneous coronary intervention following thrombolytic therapy: A retrospective cohort study. 28417608 4 75 theme death 825:829 arg1 stroke 863:868 stroke 863:868 stroke 863:868 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 75 theme death 825:829 arg1 composite 802:810 a composite 800:810 a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke 800:868 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 75 theme death 825:829 arg1 point 733:737 The primary end point 717:737 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) 717:783 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 75 theme death 825:829 arg1 infarction 843:852 myocardial infarction 832:852 myocardial infarction (MI) 832:857 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 75 theme death 825:829 arg1 death 825:829 inpatient death 815:829 inpatient death 815:829 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 5 76 theme MACE 939:942 arg1 combination 924:934 a combination 922:934 a combination of MACE plus major bleeding complications 922:976 Net adverse clinical events (NACE) were defined as a combination of MACE plus major bleeding complications. 28417608 5 76 theme MACE 939:942 arg1 events 892:897 Net adverse clinical events 871:897 Net adverse clinical events (NACE) 871:904 Net adverse clinical events (NACE) were defined as a combination of MACE plus major bleeding complications. 28417608 10 77 theme thrombolytic 1678:1689 arg1 therapy 1691:1697 thrombolytic therapy 1678:1697 thrombolytic therapy 1678:1697 CONCLUSION In STEMI patients undergoing PCI within 24 hr after thrombolytic therapy, bivalirudin was associated with a strong trend toward reduced bleeding complications as compared to heparin alone or heparin plus GPI. 28417608 5 78 theme Net 871:873 arg1 NACE 900:903 NACE 900:903 NACE 900:903 Net adverse clinical events (NACE) were defined as a combination of MACE plus major bleeding complications. 28417608 5 78 theme Net 871:873 arg1 events 892:897 Net adverse clinical events 871:897 Net adverse clinical events (NACE) 871:904 Net adverse clinical events (NACE) were defined as a combination of MACE plus major bleeding complications. 28417608 5 78 theme Net 871:873 arg1 combination 924:934 a combination 922:934 a combination of MACE plus major bleeding complications 922:976 Net adverse clinical events (NACE) were defined as a combination of MACE plus major bleeding complications. 28417608 0 79 theme urgent 43:48 arg1 intervention 72:83 urgent percutaneous coronary intervention 43:83 urgent percutaneous coronary intervention following thrombolytic therapy 43:114 Comparison of antithrombotic agents during urgent percutaneous coronary intervention following thrombolytic therapy: A retrospective cohort study. 28417608 8 80 dep % 1319:1319 arg1 % 1364:1364 2.7% 1361:1364 2.7% 1361:1364 In the univariable analysis, there was no significant difference treatment in MACE between the three groups (Bivalirudin: 1.2% vs. Heparin + GPI: 4.4%; Heparin alone: 2.7%, P = 0.11). 28417608 8 80 dep % 1319:1319 arg1 Heparin 1346:1352 Heparin 1346:1352 Heparin alone 1346:1358 In the univariable analysis, there was no significant difference treatment in MACE between the three groups (Bivalirudin: 1.2% vs. Heparin + GPI: 4.4%; Heparin alone: 2.7%, P = 0.11). 28417608 8 80 dep % 1319:1319 arg1 % 1343:1343 4.4% 1340:1343 4.4% 1340:1343 In the univariable analysis, there was no significant difference treatment in MACE between the three groups (Bivalirudin: 1.2% vs. Heparin + GPI: 4.4%; Heparin alone: 2.7%, P = 0.11). 28417608 2 81 dep January 439:445 arg1 to 452:453 to 452:453 to 452:453 METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients referred to our institution from January 2005 to July 2014 who underwent urgent PCI within 24 hr after receiving thrombolytic therapy. 28417608 2 81 dep January 439:445 arg1 July 455:458 July 455:458 July 455:458 METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients referred to our institution from January 2005 to July 2014 who underwent urgent PCI within 24 hr after receiving thrombolytic therapy. 28417608 7 82 theme patients 1133:1140 arg1 total 1120:1124 A total 1118:1124 RESULTS A total of 695 patients 1110:1140 RESULTS A total of 695 patients met the inclusion criteria during the study period. 28417608 4 83 theme infarction 843:852 arg1 stroke 863:868 stroke 863:868 stroke 863:868 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 83 theme infarction 843:852 arg1 composite 802:810 a composite 800:810 a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke 800:868 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 83 theme infarction 843:852 arg1 point 733:737 The primary end point 717:737 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) 717:783 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 83 theme infarction 843:852 arg1 infarction 843:852 myocardial infarction 832:852 myocardial infarction (MI) 832:857 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 4 83 theme infarction 843:852 arg1 death 825:829 inpatient death 815:829 inpatient death 815:829 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 2 84 theme retrospective 367:379 arg1 analysis 381:388 a retrospective analysis 365:388 a retrospective analysis of all patients referred to our institution from January 2005 to July 2014 who underwent urgent PCI within 24 hr after receiving thrombolytic therapy 365:538 METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients referred to our institution from January 2005 to July 2014 who underwent urgent PCI within 24 hr after receiving thrombolytic therapy. 28417608 4 85 theme inpatient 815:823 arg1 death 825:829 inpatient death 815:829 inpatient death 815:829 The primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of inpatient death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. 28417608 13 86 theme post-thrombolytic 2221:2237 arg1 population 2239:2248 this complex post-thrombolytic population 2208:2248 this complex post-thrombolytic population 2208:2248 Large randomized trials of adjunctive anticoagulation during PCI in this complex post-thrombolytic population are warranted. 28417608 10 87 theme strong 1734:1739 arg1 trend 1741:1745 a strong trend 1732:1745 a strong trend toward reduced bleeding complications as compared to heparin alone or heparin plus GPI 1732:1832 CONCLUSION In STEMI patients undergoing PCI within 24 hr after thrombolytic therapy, bivalirudin was associated with a strong trend toward reduced bleeding complications as compared to heparin alone or heparin plus GPI. 28417608 12 88 theme following 1997:2005 arg1 therapy 2020:2026 PCI following thrombolytic therapy 1993:2026 PCI following thrombolytic therapy 1993:2026 Our study demonstrated that use of bivalirudin during PCI following thrombolytic therapy is associated with a trend toward reduced bleeding complications compared to heparin alone or heparin plus GPI. 28417608 2 89 theme patients 397:404 arg1 analysis 381:388 a retrospective analysis 365:388 a retrospective analysis of all patients referred to our institution from January 2005 to July 2014 who underwent urgent PCI within 24 hr after receiving thrombolytic therapy 365:538 METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients referred to our institution from January 2005 to July 2014 who underwent urgent PCI within 24 hr after receiving thrombolytic therapy. 28417608 1 90 theme ST 281:282 arg1 STEMI 315:319 STEMI 315:319 STEMI 315:319 BACKGROUND The optimal antithrombotic regimen for urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) is currently unknown. 28417608 1 90 theme ST 281:282 arg1 infarction 303:312 ST segment myocardial infarction 281:312 ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) 281:320 BACKGROUND The optimal antithrombotic regimen for urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) following thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) is currently unknown. 24507383 9 0 theme dose-dependent 1397:1410 arg1 manner 1412:1417 an ARA dose-dependent manner 1390:1417 an ARA dose-dependent manner 1390:1417 PGE₂ contents in the colon were unchanged by dietary ARA, while LXA₄ contents increased in an ARA dose-dependent manner. 24507383 0 1 from content 154:160 arg1 model 180:184 murine colitis model 165:184 murine colitis model 165:184 Dietary supplementation of arachidonic acid increases arachidonic acid and lipoxin A₄ contents in colon, but does not affect severity or prostaglandin E₂ content in murine colitis model. 24507383 2 2 theme lipid 318:322 arg1 E₂ 357:358 prostaglandin E₂ 343:358 prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) 343:365 It is converted into various lipid mediators, such as prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and lipoxin A₄ (LXA₄). 24507383 2 2 theme lipid 318:322 arg1 mediators 324:332 various lipid mediators 310:332 various lipid mediators 310:332 It is converted into various lipid mediators, such as prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and lipoxin A₄ (LXA₄). 24507383 2 2 theme lipid 318:322 arg1 A₄ 379:380 lipoxin A₄ 371:380 lipoxin A₄ (LXA₄) 371:387 It is converted into various lipid mediators, such as prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and lipoxin A₄ (LXA₄). 24507383 1 3 theme essential 227:235 arg1 acid 210:213 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid 187:213 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (ARA) 187:219 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. 24507383 1 3 theme essential 227:235 arg1 acid 243:246 an essential fatty acid 224:246 an essential fatty acid 224:246 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. 24507383 9 4 from contents 1304:1311 arg1 colon 1320:1324 the colon 1316:1324 the colon 1316:1324 PGE₂ contents in the colon were unchanged by dietary ARA, while LXA₄ contents increased in an ARA dose-dependent manner. 24507383 3 5 contain has 529:531 arg1 LXA₄ 524:527 LXA₄ 524:527 LXA₄ 524:527 The effects of dietary ARA on colon maintenance are unclear because PGE₂ has both mucosal protective and proinflammatory effects, and LXA₄ has an anti-inflammatory role. 24507383 3 5 contain has 529:531 arg2 role 554:557 an anti-inflammatory role 533:557 an anti-inflammatory role 533:557 The effects of dietary ARA on colon maintenance are unclear because PGE₂ has both mucosal protective and proinflammatory effects, and LXA₄ has an anti-inflammatory role. 24507383 0 6 theme colitis 172:178 arg1 model 180:184 murine colitis model 165:184 murine colitis model 165:184 Dietary supplementation of arachidonic acid increases arachidonic acid and lipoxin A₄ contents in colon, but does not affect severity or prostaglandin E₂ content in murine colitis model. 24507383 3 7 theme mucosal 472:478 arg1 effects 511:517 both mucosal protective and proinflammatory effects 467:517 both mucosal protective and proinflammatory effects 467:517 The effects of dietary ARA on colon maintenance are unclear because PGE₂ has both mucosal protective and proinflammatory effects, and LXA₄ has an anti-inflammatory role. 24507383 12 8 from ARA 1756:1758 arg1 colon 1781:1785 colon 1781:1785 colon 1781:1785 CONCLUSION These results suggest that dietary ARA increases ARA and LXA₄ contents in colon, but that it has no effect on severity and PGE₂ content in a DSS-induced murine colitis model. 24507383 5 9 dep diet 705:708 arg1 % 716:716 0.075% 711:716 0.075% 711:716 METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet for 6 weeks, and were then administered dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. 24507383 5 9 dep diet 705:708 arg1 % 723:723 0.15% 719:723 0.15% 719:723 METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet for 6 weeks, and were then administered dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. 24507383 5 9 dep diet 705:708 arg1 % 733:733 0.305% 728:733 0.305% 728:733 METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet for 6 weeks, and were then administered dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. 24507383 11 10 theme PGE₂ 1633:1636 arg1 contents 1638:1645 PGE₂ contents 1633:1645 PGE₂ contents 1633:1645 ARA composition did not correlate with neither colon length nor PGE₂ contents, but significantly correlated with LXA₄ content. 24507383 12 11 theme murine 1860:1865 arg1 model 1875:1879 a DSS-induced murine colitis model 1846:1879 a DSS-induced murine colitis model 1846:1879 CONCLUSION These results suggest that dietary ARA increases ARA and LXA₄ contents in colon, but that it has no effect on severity and PGE₂ content in a DSS-induced murine colitis model. 24507383 12 12 theme dietary 1734:1740 arg1 ARA 1742:1744 dietary ARA 1734:1744 dietary ARA 1734:1744 CONCLUSION These results suggest that dietary ARA increases ARA and LXA₄ contents in colon, but that it has no effect on severity and PGE₂ content in a DSS-induced murine colitis model. 24507383 6 13 theme mediator 939:946 arg1 contents 948:955 fatty acid and lipid mediator contents 918:955 fatty acid and lipid mediator contents in colonic tissue 918:973 We evaluated colitis severity, fatty acid and lipid mediator contents in colonic tissue, and the expression of genes related to lipid mediator formation. 24507383 10 14 theme COX-2 1466:1470 arg1 expression 1425:1434 Gene expression 1420:1434 Gene expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 1420:1470 Gene expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 was unchanged, while that of 12/15-lipoxgenase (LOX) was significantly increased by dietary ARA. 24507383 1 15 theme BACKGROUND 187:196 arg1 acid 243:246 an essential fatty acid 224:246 an essential fatty acid 224:246 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. 24507383 1 15 theme BACKGROUND 187:196 arg1 ARA 216:218 ARA 216:218 ARA 216:218 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. 24507383 1 15 theme BACKGROUND 187:196 arg1 acid 210:213 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid 187:213 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (ARA) 187:219 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. 24507383 6 16 theme mediator 1021:1028 arg1 formation 1030:1038 lipid mediator formation 1015:1038 lipid mediator formation 1015:1038 We evaluated colitis severity, fatty acid and lipid mediator contents in colonic tissue, and the expression of genes related to lipid mediator formation. 24507383 11 17 theme ARA 1569:1571 arg1 composition 1573:1583 ARA composition 1569:1583 ARA composition 1569:1583 ARA composition did not correlate with neither colon length nor PGE₂ contents, but significantly correlated with LXA₄ content. 24507383 8 18 theme colon 1220:1224 arg1 shortening 1226:1235 colon shortening 1220:1235 colon shortening 1220:1235 ARA, as well as DHA, did not affect colitis severity (body weight loss, colon shortening, diarrhea and hemoccult phenomena) and histological features. 24507383 4 19 theme murine 634:639 arg1 model 649:653 an experimental murine colitis model 618:653 an experimental murine colitis model 618:653 Our objective is to clarify the effects of dietary ARA on an experimental murine colitis model. 24507383 5 20 theme % 764:764 arg1 diet 753:756 DHA diet 749:756 DHA diet (0.315% DHA) 749:769 METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet for 6 weeks, and were then administered dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. 24507383 5 20 theme % 764:764 arg1 DHA 766:768 0.315% DHA 759:768 0.315% DHA 759:768 METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet for 6 weeks, and were then administered dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. 24507383 12 21 contain has 1800:1802 arg1 it 1797:1798 it 1797:1798 it 1797:1798 CONCLUSION These results suggest that dietary ARA increases ARA and LXA₄ contents in colon, but that it has no effect on severity and PGE₂ content in a DSS-induced murine colitis model. 24507383 12 21 contain has 1800:1802 arg2 effect 1807:1812 no effect 1804:1812 no effect on severity and PGE₂ content 1804:1841 CONCLUSION These results suggest that dietary ARA increases ARA and LXA₄ contents in colon, but that it has no effect on severity and PGE₂ content in a DSS-induced murine colitis model. 24507383 6 22 theme genes 998:1002 arg1 contents 948:955 fatty acid and lipid mediator contents 918:955 fatty acid and lipid mediator contents in colonic tissue 918:973 We evaluated colitis severity, fatty acid and lipid mediator contents in colonic tissue, and the expression of genes related to lipid mediator formation. 24507383 6 22 theme genes 998:1002 arg1 severity 908:915 colitis severity 900:915 colitis severity 900:915 We evaluated colitis severity, fatty acid and lipid mediator contents in colonic tissue, and the expression of genes related to lipid mediator formation. 24507383 6 22 theme genes 998:1002 arg1 expression 984:993 the expression 980:993 the expression of genes related to lipid mediator formation 980:1038 We evaluated colitis severity, fatty acid and lipid mediator contents in colonic tissue, and the expression of genes related to lipid mediator formation. 24507383 9 23 theme dietary 1344:1350 arg1 ARA 1352:1354 dietary ARA 1344:1354 dietary ARA 1344:1354 PGE₂ contents in the colon were unchanged by dietary ARA, while LXA₄ contents increased in an ARA dose-dependent manner. 24507383 0 24 theme E₂ 151:152 arg1 content 154:160 prostaglandin E₂ content 137:160 prostaglandin E₂ content 137:160 Dietary supplementation of arachidonic acid increases arachidonic acid and lipoxin A₄ contents in colon, but does not affect severity or prostaglandin E₂ content in murine colitis model. 24507383 5 25 from diet 742:745 arg1 ARA 735:737 ARA 735:737 ARA 735:737 METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet for 6 weeks, and were then administered dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. 24507383 8 26 dep severity 1192:1199 arg1 diarrhea 1238:1245 diarrhea 1238:1245 diarrhea 1238:1245 ARA, as well as DHA, did not affect colitis severity (body weight loss, colon shortening, diarrhea and hemoccult phenomena) and histological features. 24507383 8 26 dep severity 1192:1199 arg1 loss 1214:1217 body weight loss 1202:1217 body weight loss 1202:1217 ARA, as well as DHA, did not affect colitis severity (body weight loss, colon shortening, diarrhea and hemoccult phenomena) and histological features. 24507383 8 26 dep severity 1192:1199 arg1 shortening 1226:1235 colon shortening 1220:1235 colon shortening 1220:1235 ARA, as well as DHA, did not affect colitis severity (body weight loss, colon shortening, diarrhea and hemoccult phenomena) and histological features. 24507383 8 26 dep severity 1192:1199 arg1 hemoccult 1251:1259 hemoccult 1251:1259 hemoccult 1251:1259 ARA, as well as DHA, did not affect colitis severity (body weight loss, colon shortening, diarrhea and hemoccult phenomena) and histological features. 24507383 4 27 theme ARA 611:613 arg1 effects 592:598 the effects 588:598 the effects of dietary ARA on an experimental murine colitis model 588:653 Our objective is to clarify the effects of dietary ARA on an experimental murine colitis model. 24507383 3 28 theme anti-inflammatory 536:552 arg1 role 554:557 an anti-inflammatory role 533:557 an anti-inflammatory role 533:557 The effects of dietary ARA on colon maintenance are unclear because PGE₂ has both mucosal protective and proinflammatory effects, and LXA₄ has an anti-inflammatory role. 24507383 5 29 from ARA 735:737 arg1 diet 742:745 diet 742:745 diet 742:745 METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet for 6 weeks, and were then administered dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. 24507383 5 30 theme DHA 749:751 arg1 diet 753:756 DHA diet 749:756 DHA diet (0.315% DHA) 749:769 METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet for 6 weeks, and were then administered dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. 24507383 5 30 theme DHA 749:751 arg1 DHA 766:768 0.315% DHA 759:768 0.315% DHA 759:768 METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet for 6 weeks, and were then administered dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. 24507383 0 31 theme A₄ 83:84 arg1 contents 86:93 lipoxin A₄ contents 75:93 lipoxin A₄ contents 75:93 Dietary supplementation of arachidonic acid increases arachidonic acid and lipoxin A₄ contents in colon, but does not affect severity or prostaglandin E₂ content in murine colitis model. 24507383 5 32 theme METHODS 656:662 arg1 mice 672:675 METHODS C57BL/6 mice 656:675 METHODS C57BL/6 mice 656:675 METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet for 6 weeks, and were then administered dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. 24507383 11 33 theme LXA₄ 1682:1685 arg1 content 1687:1693 LXA₄ content 1682:1693 LXA₄ content 1682:1693 ARA composition did not correlate with neither colon length nor PGE₂ contents, but significantly correlated with LXA₄ content. 24507383 10 34 theme Gene 1420:1423 arg1 expression 1425:1434 Gene expression 1420:1434 Gene expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 1420:1470 Gene expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 was unchanged, while that of 12/15-lipoxgenase (LOX) was significantly increased by dietary ARA. 24507383 2 35 theme prostaglandin 343:355 arg1 E₂ 357:358 prostaglandin E₂ 343:358 prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) 343:365 It is converted into various lipid mediators, such as prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and lipoxin A₄ (LXA₄). 24507383 2 35 theme prostaglandin 343:355 arg1 PGE₂ 361:364 PGE₂ 361:364 PGE₂ 361:364 It is converted into various lipid mediators, such as prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and lipoxin A₄ (LXA₄). 24507383 0 36 theme Dietary 0:6 arg1 supplementation 8:22 Dietary supplementation 0:22 Dietary supplementation of arachidonic acid 0:42 Dietary supplementation of arachidonic acid increases arachidonic acid and lipoxin A₄ contents in colon, but does not affect severity or prostaglandin E₂ content in murine colitis model. 24507383 5 37 theme control 774:780 arg1 diet 782:785 control diet 774:785 control diet 774:785 METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet for 6 weeks, and were then administered dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. 24507383 7 38 theme ARA 1121:1123 arg1 manner 1140:1145 an ARA dose-dependent manner 1118:1145 an ARA dose-dependent manner 1118:1145 RESULTS ARA composition of colon phospholipids was significantly elevated in an ARA dose-dependent manner. 24507383 2 39 theme lipoxin 371:377 arg1 LXA₄ 383:386 LXA₄ 383:386 LXA₄ 383:386 It is converted into various lipid mediators, such as prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and lipoxin A₄ (LXA₄). 24507383 2 39 theme lipoxin 371:377 arg1 A₄ 379:380 lipoxin A₄ 371:380 lipoxin A₄ (LXA₄) 371:387 It is converted into various lipid mediators, such as prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and lipoxin A₄ (LXA₄). 24507383 1 40 theme major 254:258 arg1 constituent 260:270 a major constituent 252:270 a major constituent of biomembranes 252:286 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. 24507383 6 41 from contents 948:955 arg1 tissue 968:973 colonic tissue 960:973 colonic tissue 960:973 We evaluated colitis severity, fatty acid and lipid mediator contents in colonic tissue, and the expression of genes related to lipid mediator formation. 24507383 0 42 theme acid 39:42 arg1 supplementation 8:22 Dietary supplementation 0:22 Dietary supplementation of arachidonic acid 0:42 Dietary supplementation of arachidonic acid increases arachidonic acid and lipoxin A₄ contents in colon, but does not affect severity or prostaglandin E₂ content in murine colitis model. 24507383 5 43 theme ARA 701:703 arg1 diet 705:708 ARA diet 701:708 ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet) 701:746 METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet for 6 weeks, and were then administered dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. 24507383 5 44 theme sulphate 842:849 arg1 DSS 852:854 dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) 827:855 dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis 827:884 METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet for 6 weeks, and were then administered dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. 24507383 8 45 theme colitis 1184:1190 arg1 severity 1192:1199 colitis severity 1184:1199 colitis severity (body weight loss, colon shortening, diarrhea and hemoccult phenomena) 1184:1270 ARA, as well as DHA, did not affect colitis severity (body weight loss, colon shortening, diarrhea and hemoccult phenomena) and histological features. 24507383 2 46 theme various 310:316 arg1 E₂ 357:358 prostaglandin E₂ 343:358 prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) 343:365 It is converted into various lipid mediators, such as prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and lipoxin A₄ (LXA₄). 24507383 2 46 theme various 310:316 arg1 mediators 324:332 various lipid mediators 310:332 various lipid mediators 310:332 It is converted into various lipid mediators, such as prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and lipoxin A₄ (LXA₄). 24507383 2 46 theme various 310:316 arg1 A₄ 379:380 lipoxin A₄ 371:380 lipoxin A₄ (LXA₄) 371:387 It is converted into various lipid mediators, such as prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and lipoxin A₄ (LXA₄). 24507383 0 47 theme arachidonic 54:64 arg1 acid 66:69 arachidonic acid 54:69 arachidonic acid 54:69 Dietary supplementation of arachidonic acid increases arachidonic acid and lipoxin A₄ contents in colon, but does not affect severity or prostaglandin E₂ content in murine colitis model. 24507383 7 48 theme phospholipids 1074:1086 arg1 composition 1053:1063 RESULTS ARA composition 1041:1063 RESULTS ARA composition of colon phospholipids 1041:1086 RESULTS ARA composition of colon phospholipids was significantly elevated in an ARA dose-dependent manner. 24507383 9 49 theme ARA 1393:1395 arg1 manner 1412:1417 an ARA dose-dependent manner 1390:1417 an ARA dose-dependent manner 1390:1417 PGE₂ contents in the colon were unchanged by dietary ARA, while LXA₄ contents increased in an ARA dose-dependent manner. 24507383 3 50 theme dietary 405:411 arg1 ARA 413:415 dietary ARA 405:415 dietary ARA 405:415 The effects of dietary ARA on colon maintenance are unclear because PGE₂ has both mucosal protective and proinflammatory effects, and LXA₄ has an anti-inflammatory role. 24507383 6 51 theme colitis 900:906 arg1 severity 908:915 colitis severity 900:915 colitis severity 900:915 We evaluated colitis severity, fatty acid and lipid mediator contents in colonic tissue, and the expression of genes related to lipid mediator formation. 24507383 8 52 theme weight 1207:1212 arg1 loss 1214:1217 body weight loss 1202:1217 body weight loss 1202:1217 ARA, as well as DHA, did not affect colitis severity (body weight loss, colon shortening, diarrhea and hemoccult phenomena) and histological features. 24507383 12 53 theme LXA₄ 1764:1767 arg1 contents 1769:1776 LXA₄ contents 1764:1776 LXA₄ contents 1764:1776 CONCLUSION These results suggest that dietary ARA increases ARA and LXA₄ contents in colon, but that it has no effect on severity and PGE₂ content in a DSS-induced murine colitis model. 24507383 5 54 theme dextran 827:833 arg1 DSS 852:854 dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) 827:855 dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis 827:884 METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet for 6 weeks, and were then administered dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. 24507383 7 55 theme ARA 1049:1051 arg1 composition 1053:1063 RESULTS ARA composition 1041:1063 RESULTS ARA composition of colon phospholipids 1041:1086 RESULTS ARA composition of colon phospholipids was significantly elevated in an ARA dose-dependent manner. 24507383 0 56 theme murine 165:170 arg1 model 180:184 murine colitis model 165:184 murine colitis model 165:184 Dietary supplementation of arachidonic acid increases arachidonic acid and lipoxin A₄ contents in colon, but does not affect severity or prostaglandin E₂ content in murine colitis model. 24507383 12 57 from contents 1769:1776 arg1 colon 1781:1785 colon 1781:1785 colon 1781:1785 CONCLUSION These results suggest that dietary ARA increases ARA and LXA₄ contents in colon, but that it has no effect on severity and PGE₂ content in a DSS-induced murine colitis model. 24507383 1 58 theme fatty 237:241 arg1 acid 210:213 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid 187:213 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (ARA) 187:219 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. 24507383 1 58 theme fatty 237:241 arg1 acid 243:246 an essential fatty acid 224:246 an essential fatty acid 224:246 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. 24507383 9 59 theme PGE₂ 1299:1302 arg1 contents 1304:1311 PGE₂ contents 1299:1311 PGE₂ contents in the colon 1299:1324 PGE₂ contents in the colon were unchanged by dietary ARA, while LXA₄ contents increased in an ARA dose-dependent manner. 24507383 4 60 from effects 592:598 arg1 model 649:653 an experimental murine colitis model 618:653 an experimental murine colitis model 618:653 Our objective is to clarify the effects of dietary ARA on an experimental murine colitis model. 24507383 5 61 theme ARA 735:737 arg1 % 716:716 0.075% 711:716 0.075% 711:716 METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet for 6 weeks, and were then administered dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. 24507383 6 62 theme colonic 960:966 arg1 tissue 968:973 colonic tissue 960:973 colonic tissue 960:973 We evaluated colitis severity, fatty acid and lipid mediator contents in colonic tissue, and the expression of genes related to lipid mediator formation. 24507383 3 63 theme proinflammatory 495:509 arg1 effects 511:517 both mucosal protective and proinflammatory effects 467:517 both mucosal protective and proinflammatory effects 467:517 The effects of dietary ARA on colon maintenance are unclear because PGE₂ has both mucosal protective and proinflammatory effects, and LXA₄ has an anti-inflammatory role. 24507383 12 64 theme DSS-induced 1848:1858 arg1 model 1875:1879 a DSS-induced murine colitis model 1846:1879 a DSS-induced murine colitis model 1846:1879 CONCLUSION These results suggest that dietary ARA increases ARA and LXA₄ contents in colon, but that it has no effect on severity and PGE₂ content in a DSS-induced murine colitis model. 24507383 3 65 theme protective 480:489 arg1 effects 511:517 both mucosal protective and proinflammatory effects 467:517 both mucosal protective and proinflammatory effects 467:517 The effects of dietary ARA on colon maintenance are unclear because PGE₂ has both mucosal protective and proinflammatory effects, and LXA₄ has an anti-inflammatory role. 24507383 0 66 from contents 86:93 arg1 colon 98:102 colon 98:102 colon 98:102 Dietary supplementation of arachidonic acid increases arachidonic acid and lipoxin A₄ contents in colon, but does not affect severity or prostaglandin E₂ content in murine colitis model. 24507383 6 67 theme lipid 933:937 arg1 mediator 939:946 lipid mediator 933:946 lipid mediator 933:946 We evaluated colitis severity, fatty acid and lipid mediator contents in colonic tissue, and the expression of genes related to lipid mediator formation. 24507383 6 68 theme acid 924:927 arg1 contents 948:955 fatty acid and lipid mediator contents 918:955 fatty acid and lipid mediator contents in colonic tissue 918:973 We evaluated colitis severity, fatty acid and lipid mediator contents in colonic tissue, and the expression of genes related to lipid mediator formation. 24507383 10 69 theme dietary 1556:1562 arg1 ARA 1564:1566 dietary ARA 1556:1566 dietary ARA 1556:1566 Gene expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 was unchanged, while that of 12/15-lipoxgenase (LOX) was significantly increased by dietary ARA. 24507383 1 70 theme Arachidonic 198:208 arg1 acid 243:246 an essential fatty acid 224:246 an essential fatty acid 224:246 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. 24507383 1 70 theme Arachidonic 198:208 arg1 ARA 216:218 ARA 216:218 ARA 216:218 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. 24507383 1 70 theme Arachidonic 198:208 arg1 acid 210:213 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid 187:213 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (ARA) 187:219 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. 24507383 6 71 theme lipid 1015:1019 arg1 formation 1030:1038 lipid mediator formation 1015:1038 lipid mediator formation 1015:1038 We evaluated colitis severity, fatty acid and lipid mediator contents in colonic tissue, and the expression of genes related to lipid mediator formation. 24507383 12 72 theme PGE₂ 1830:1833 arg1 content 1835:1841 PGE₂ content 1830:1841 PGE₂ content 1830:1841 CONCLUSION These results suggest that dietary ARA increases ARA and LXA₄ contents in colon, but that it has no effect on severity and PGE₂ content in a DSS-induced murine colitis model. 24507383 0 73 theme prostaglandin 137:149 arg1 content 154:160 prostaglandin E₂ content 137:160 prostaglandin E₂ content 137:160 Dietary supplementation of arachidonic acid increases arachidonic acid and lipoxin A₄ contents in colon, but does not affect severity or prostaglandin E₂ content in murine colitis model. 24507383 12 74 from effect 1807:1812 arg1 severity 1817:1824 severity 1817:1824 severity 1817:1824 CONCLUSION These results suggest that dietary ARA increases ARA and LXA₄ contents in colon, but that it has no effect on severity and PGE₂ content in a DSS-induced murine colitis model. 24507383 12 74 from effect 1807:1812 arg1 content 1835:1841 PGE₂ content 1830:1841 PGE₂ content 1830:1841 CONCLUSION These results suggest that dietary ARA increases ARA and LXA₄ contents in colon, but that it has no effect on severity and PGE₂ content in a DSS-induced murine colitis model. 24507383 5 75 theme 0.315 759:763 arg1 % 764:764 % 764:764 % 764:764 METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet for 6 weeks, and were then administered dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. 24507383 6 76 theme related 1004:1010 arg1 genes 998:1002 genes 998:1002 genes related to lipid mediator formation 998:1038 We evaluated colitis severity, fatty acid and lipid mediator contents in colonic tissue, and the expression of genes related to lipid mediator formation. 24507383 4 77 theme experimental 621:632 arg1 model 649:653 an experimental murine colitis model 618:653 an experimental murine colitis model 618:653 Our objective is to clarify the effects of dietary ARA on an experimental murine colitis model. 24507383 4 78 theme colitis 641:647 arg1 model 649:653 an experimental murine colitis model 618:653 an experimental murine colitis model 618:653 Our objective is to clarify the effects of dietary ARA on an experimental murine colitis model. 24507383 0 79 theme lipoxin 75:81 arg1 contents 86:93 lipoxin A₄ contents 75:93 lipoxin A₄ contents 75:93 Dietary supplementation of arachidonic acid increases arachidonic acid and lipoxin A₄ contents in colon, but does not affect severity or prostaglandin E₂ content in murine colitis model. 24507383 4 80 theme dietary 603:609 arg1 ARA 611:613 dietary ARA 603:613 dietary ARA 603:613 Our objective is to clarify the effects of dietary ARA on an experimental murine colitis model. 24507383 6 81 from expression 984:993 arg1 tissue 968:973 colonic tissue 960:973 colonic tissue 960:973 We evaluated colitis severity, fatty acid and lipid mediator contents in colonic tissue, and the expression of genes related to lipid mediator formation. 24507383 11 82 theme colon 1616:1620 arg1 length 1622:1627 colon length 1616:1627 colon length 1616:1627 ARA composition did not correlate with neither colon length nor PGE₂ contents, but significantly correlated with LXA₄ content. 24507383 5 83 theme diet 753:756 arg1 types 692:696 three types 686:696 three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet 686:785 METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet for 6 weeks, and were then administered dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. 24507383 8 84 theme histological 1276:1287 arg1 features 1289:1296 histological features 1276:1296 histological features 1276:1296 ARA, as well as DHA, did not affect colitis severity (body weight loss, colon shortening, diarrhea and hemoccult phenomena) and histological features. 24507383 12 85 dep CONCLUSION 1696:1705 arg1 suggest 1721:1727 suggest 1721:1727 suggest that dietary ARA increases ARA and LXA₄ contents in colon, but that it has no effect on severity and PGE₂ content in a DSS-induced murine colitis model 1721:1879 CONCLUSION These results suggest that dietary ARA increases ARA and LXA₄ contents in colon, but that it has no effect on severity and PGE₂ content in a DSS-induced murine colitis model. 24507383 0 86 from acid 66:69 arg1 colon 98:102 colon 98:102 colon 98:102 Dietary supplementation of arachidonic acid increases arachidonic acid and lipoxin A₄ contents in colon, but does not affect severity or prostaglandin E₂ content in murine colitis model. 24507383 10 87 theme COX 1455:1457 arg1 expression 1425:1434 Gene expression 1420:1434 Gene expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 1420:1470 Gene expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 was unchanged, while that of 12/15-lipoxgenase (LOX) was significantly increased by dietary ARA. 24507383 5 88 theme C57BL/6 664:670 arg1 mice 672:675 METHODS C57BL/6 mice 656:675 METHODS C57BL/6 mice 656:675 METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet for 6 weeks, and were then administered dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. 24507383 7 89 theme dose-dependent 1125:1138 arg1 manner 1140:1145 an ARA dose-dependent manner 1118:1145 an ARA dose-dependent manner 1118:1145 RESULTS ARA composition of colon phospholipids was significantly elevated in an ARA dose-dependent manner. 24507383 0 90 theme arachidonic 27:37 arg1 acid 39:42 arachidonic acid 27:42 arachidonic acid 27:42 Dietary supplementation of arachidonic acid increases arachidonic acid and lipoxin A₄ contents in colon, but does not affect severity or prostaglandin E₂ content in murine colitis model. 24507383 5 91 theme diet 782:785 arg1 types 692:696 three types 686:696 three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet 686:785 METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet for 6 weeks, and were then administered dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. 24507383 10 92 theme cyclooxygenase 1439:1452 arg1 COX 1455:1457 cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 1439:1460 cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 1439:1460 Gene expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 was unchanged, while that of 12/15-lipoxgenase (LOX) was significantly increased by dietary ARA. 24507383 5 93 theme sodium 835:840 arg1 DSS 852:854 dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) 827:855 dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis 827:884 METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet for 6 weeks, and were then administered dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. 24507383 3 94 contain has 463:465 arg2 effects 511:517 both mucosal protective and proinflammatory effects 467:517 both mucosal protective and proinflammatory effects 467:517 The effects of dietary ARA on colon maintenance are unclear because PGE₂ has both mucosal protective and proinflammatory effects, and LXA₄ has an anti-inflammatory role. 24507383 3 94 contain has 463:465 arg1 PGE₂ 458:461 PGE₂ 458:461 PGE₂ 458:461 The effects of dietary ARA on colon maintenance are unclear because PGE₂ has both mucosal protective and proinflammatory effects, and LXA₄ has an anti-inflammatory role. 24507383 5 95 theme diet 705:708 arg1 types 692:696 three types 686:696 three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet 686:785 METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed three types of ARA diet (0.075%, 0.15% or 0.305% ARA in diet), DHA diet (0.315% DHA) or control diet for 6 weeks, and were then administered dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. 24507383 1 96 theme biomembranes 275:286 arg1 acid 210:213 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid 187:213 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (ARA) 187:219 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. 24507383 1 96 theme biomembranes 275:286 arg1 constituent 260:270 a major constituent 252:270 a major constituent of biomembranes 252:286 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. 24507383 1 96 theme biomembranes 275:286 arg1 acid 243:246 an essential fatty acid 224:246 an essential fatty acid 224:246 BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. 24507383 9 97 theme LXA₄ 1363:1366 arg1 contents 1368:1375 LXA₄ contents 1363:1375 LXA₄ contents 1363:1375 PGE₂ contents in the colon were unchanged by dietary ARA, while LXA₄ contents increased in an ARA dose-dependent manner. 24507383 7 98 theme colon 1068:1072 arg1 phospholipids 1074:1086 colon phospholipids 1068:1086 colon phospholipids 1068:1086 RESULTS ARA composition of colon phospholipids was significantly elevated in an ARA dose-dependent manner. 24507383 3 99 from effects 394:400 arg1 maintenance 426:436 colon maintenance 420:436 colon maintenance 420:436 The effects of dietary ARA on colon maintenance are unclear because PGE₂ has both mucosal protective and proinflammatory effects, and LXA₄ has an anti-inflammatory role. 24507383 3 100 theme colon 420:424 arg1 maintenance 426:436 colon maintenance 420:436 colon maintenance 420:436 The effects of dietary ARA on colon maintenance are unclear because PGE₂ has both mucosal protective and proinflammatory effects, and LXA₄ has an anti-inflammatory role. 24507383 8 101 dep loss 1214:1217 arg1 phenomena 1261:1269 phenomena 1261:1269 phenomena 1261:1269 ARA, as well as DHA, did not affect colitis severity (body weight loss, colon shortening, diarrhea and hemoccult phenomena) and histological features. 24507383 6 102 theme fatty 918:922 arg1 acid 924:927 fatty acid 918:927 fatty acid 918:927 We evaluated colitis severity, fatty acid and lipid mediator contents in colonic tissue, and the expression of genes related to lipid mediator formation. 24507383 0 103 from severity 125:132 arg1 model 180:184 murine colitis model 165:184 murine colitis model 165:184 Dietary supplementation of arachidonic acid increases arachidonic acid and lipoxin A₄ contents in colon, but does not affect severity or prostaglandin E₂ content in murine colitis model. 24507383 12 104 theme colitis 1867:1873 arg1 model 1875:1879 a DSS-induced murine colitis model 1846:1879 a DSS-induced murine colitis model 1846:1879 CONCLUSION These results suggest that dietary ARA increases ARA and LXA₄ contents in colon, but that it has no effect on severity and PGE₂ content in a DSS-induced murine colitis model. 24507383 3 105 theme ARA 413:415 arg1 unclear 442:448 unclear 442:448 unclear 442:448 The effects of dietary ARA on colon maintenance are unclear because PGE₂ has both mucosal protective and proinflammatory effects, and LXA₄ has an anti-inflammatory role. 24507383 3 105 theme ARA 413:415 arg1 effects 394:400 The effects 390:400 The effects of dietary ARA on colon maintenance 390:436 The effects of dietary ARA on colon maintenance are unclear because PGE₂ has both mucosal protective and proinflammatory effects, and LXA₄ has an anti-inflammatory role. 24507383 7 106 theme RESULTS 1041:1047 arg1 composition 1053:1063 RESULTS ARA composition 1041:1063 RESULTS ARA composition of colon phospholipids 1041:1086 RESULTS ARA composition of colon phospholipids was significantly elevated in an ARA dose-dependent manner. 24507383 8 107 theme body 1202:1205 arg1 loss 1214:1217 body weight loss 1202:1217 body weight loss 1202:1217 ARA, as well as DHA, did not affect colitis severity (body weight loss, colon shortening, diarrhea and hemoccult phenomena) and histological features. 24507383 6 108 from severity 908:915 arg1 tissue 968:973 colonic tissue 960:973 colonic tissue 960:973 We evaluated colitis severity, fatty acid and lipid mediator contents in colonic tissue, and the expression of genes related to lipid mediator formation. 25368138 8 0 located present 1237:1243 arg2 acid 1228:1231 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1208:1231 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1208:1231 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25368138 8 0 located present 1237:1243 arg1 peptidoglycan 1262:1274 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1248:1274 the cell-wall peptidoglycan as the diagnostic diamino acid 1248:1305 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25368138 4 1 theme 1-20 470:473 arg1 % 475:475 % 475:475 % 475:475 Strain BH043(T) was strictly aerobic, grew at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.5), at 10-55 °C (optimal growth at 30 °C) and at salinities of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl, growing optimally with 7 % (w/v) NaCl. 25368138 10 2 theme KCTC 1546:1549 arg1 3917 1551:1554 P. marinus KCTC 3917 1535:1554 P. marinus KCTC 3917 1535:1554 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 10 2 theme KCTC 1546:1549 arg1 strains 1444:1450 the type strains 1435:1450 the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus 1435:1494 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 5 3 theme JSM 959:961 arg1 072002 963:968 Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002 935:968 Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) 935:980 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 5 3 theme JSM 959:961 arg1 % 979:979 96.4 % 974:979 96.4 % 974:979 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 5 3 theme JSM 959:961 arg1 T 970:970 T 970:970 T 970:970 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 7 4 theme DNA 1135:1137 arg1 % 1163:1163 42.5 mol% 1155:1163 42.5 mol% 1155:1163 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.5 mol%. 25368138 7 4 theme DNA 1135:1137 arg1 content 1143:1149 The genomic DNA G+C content 1123:1149 The genomic DNA G+C content 1123:1149 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.5 mol%. 25368138 8 5 theme diamino 1294:1300 arg1 acid 1302:1305 the diagnostic diamino acid 1279:1305 the diagnostic diamino acid 1279:1305 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25368138 10 6 theme P. 1563:1564 arg1 3890 1584:1587 P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890 1563:1587 P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T) 1563:1590 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 10 6 theme P. 1563:1564 arg1 strains 1444:1450 the type strains 1435:1450 the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus 1435:1494 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 10 6 theme P. 1563:1564 arg1 T 1589:1589 T 1589:1589 T 1589:1589 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 9 7 theme polar 1318:1322 arg1 lipids 1324:1329 The major polar lipids 1308:1329 The major polar lipids 1308:1329 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. 25368138 9 7 theme polar 1318:1322 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1336:1359 phosphatidylethanolamine 1336:1359 phosphatidylethanolamine 1336:1359 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. 25368138 5 8 theme type 683:686 arg1 strains 688:694 the type strains 679:694 the type strains 679:694 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 5 9 dep Pontibacillus 986:998 arg1 halophilus 1000:1009 halophilus 1000:1009 halophilus 1000:1009 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 10 10 theme KCTC 1579:1582 arg1 3890 1584:1587 P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890 1563:1587 P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T) 1563:1590 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 10 10 theme KCTC 1579:1582 arg1 strains 1444:1450 the type strains 1435:1450 the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus 1435:1494 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 10 10 theme KCTC 1579:1582 arg1 T 1589:1589 T 1589:1589 T 1589:1589 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 3 11 theme motile 234:239 arg1 rods 241:244 motile rods 234:244 motile rods 234:244 Cells were motile rods, producing ellipsoidal endospores at a terminal position in swollen sporangia. 25368138 4 12 theme optimal 384:390 arg1 growth 392:397 optimal growth 384:397 optimal growth at pH 7.5 384:407 Strain BH043(T) was strictly aerobic, grew at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.5), at 10-55 °C (optimal growth at 30 °C) and at salinities of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl, growing optimally with 7 % (w/v) NaCl. 25368138 4 13 theme 7 512:512 arg1 % 514:514 % 514:514 % 514:514 Strain BH043(T) was strictly aerobic, grew at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.5), at 10-55 °C (optimal growth at 30 °C) and at salinities of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl, growing optimally with 7 % (w/v) NaCl. 25368138 5 14 theme rRNA 563:566 arg1 sequence 573:580 16S rRNA gene sequence 559:580 16S rRNA gene sequence 559:580 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 2 15 theme Gomso 207:211 arg1 soil 199:202 saltern soil 191:202 saltern soil of Gomso in Korea 191:220 A Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated BH043(T), was isolated from saltern soil of Gomso in Korea. 25368138 10 16 theme other 1455:1459 arg1 species 1461:1467 other species 1455:1467 other species of the genus Pontibacillus 1455:1494 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 13 17 theme type 1820:1823 arg1 BH043 1835:1839 BH043 1835:1839 BH043 1835:1839 The type strain is BH043(T) ( = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T)). 25368138 13 17 theme type 1820:1823 arg1 strain 1825:1830 The type strain 1816:1830 The type strain 1816:1830 The type strain is BH043(T) ( = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T)). 25368138 3 18 theme ellipsoidal 257:267 arg1 endospores 269:278 ellipsoidal endospores 257:278 ellipsoidal endospores 257:278 Cells were motile rods, producing ellipsoidal endospores at a terminal position in swollen sporangia. 25368138 5 19 theme JSM 1011:1013 arg1 T 1022:1022 T 1022:1022 T 1022:1022 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 5 19 theme JSM 1011:1013 arg1 076056 1015:1020 Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056 986:1020 Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %) 986:1032 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 5 19 theme JSM 1011:1013 arg1 % 1031:1031 96.2 % 1026:1031 96.2 % 1026:1031 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 13 20 theme NCAIM 1881:1885 arg1 T 1895:1895 T 1895:1895 T 1895:1895 The type strain is BH043(T) ( = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T)). 25368138 13 20 theme NCAIM 1881:1885 arg1 B.02529 1887:1893  = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529 1845:1893  = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T) 1845:1896 The type strain is BH043(T) ( = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T)). 25368138 5 21 theme Pontibacillus 740:752 arg1 species 719:725 the five recognized species 699:725 the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus 699:752 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 6 22 theme BH043 1076:1080 arg1 acids 1060:1064 The major cellular fatty acids 1035:1064 The major cellular fatty acids of strain BH043(T) 1035:1083 The major cellular fatty acids of strain BH043(T) were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25368138 6 22 theme BH043 1076:1080 arg1 iso-C15 1090:1096 iso-C15 1090:1096 iso-C15 1090:1096 The major cellular fatty acids of strain BH043(T) were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25368138 10 23 theme genus 1476:1480 arg1 Pontibacillus 1482:1494 the genus Pontibacillus 1472:1494 the genus Pontibacillus 1472:1494 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 3 24 theme terminal 285:292 arg1 position 294:301 a terminal position 283:301 a terminal position in swollen sporangia 283:322 Cells were motile rods, producing ellipsoidal endospores at a terminal position in swollen sporangia. 25368138 5 25 dep Pontibacillus 935:947 arg1 litoralis 949:957 litoralis 949:957 litoralis 949:957 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 5 26 theme species 719:725 arg1 strains 688:694 the type strains 679:694 the type strains 679:694 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 5 27 theme Pontibacillus 986:998 arg1 T 1022:1022 T 1022:1022 T 1022:1022 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 5 27 theme Pontibacillus 986:998 arg1 076056 1015:1020 Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056 986:1020 Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %) 986:1032 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 5 27 theme Pontibacillus 986:998 arg1 % 1031:1031 96.2 % 1026:1031 96.2 % 1026:1031 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 6 28 theme fatty 1054:1058 arg1 acids 1060:1064 The major cellular fatty acids 1035:1064 The major cellular fatty acids of strain BH043(T) 1035:1083 The major cellular fatty acids of strain BH043(T) were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25368138 6 28 theme fatty 1054:1058 arg1 iso-C15 1090:1096 iso-C15 1090:1096 iso-C15 1090:1096 The major cellular fatty acids of strain BH043(T) were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25368138 5 29 dep Pontibacillus 842:854 arg1 marinus 856:862 marinus 856:862 marinus 856:862 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 5 30 theme Pontibacillus 786:798 arg1 similarity 829:838 97.5 % similarity 822:838 97.5 % similarity 822:838 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 5 30 theme Pontibacillus 786:798 arg1 T 818:818 T 818:818 T 818:818 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 5 30 theme Pontibacillus 786:798 arg1 Y32 814:816 Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32 786:816 Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity) 786:839 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 11 31 theme Pontibacillus 1770:1782 arg1 sp 1794:1795 the name Pontibacillus salicampi sp 1761:1795 the name Pontibacillus salicampi sp 1761:1795 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain BH043(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacillus for which the name Pontibacillus salicampi sp. 25368138 4 32 theme % 475:475 arg1 NaCl 483:486 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl 470:486 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl 470:486 Strain BH043(T) was strictly aerobic, grew at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.5), at 10-55 °C (optimal growth at 30 °C) and at salinities of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl, growing optimally with 7 % (w/v) NaCl. 25368138 11 33 theme novel 1710:1714 arg1 species 1716:1722 a novel species 1708:1722 a novel species of the genus Pontibacillus for which the name Pontibacillus salicampi sp 1708:1795 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain BH043(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacillus for which the name Pontibacillus salicampi sp. 25368138 8 34 theme major 1170:1174 arg1 MK-7 1199:1202 MK-7 1199:1202 MK-7 1199:1202 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25368138 8 34 theme major 1170:1174 arg1 quinone 1187:1193 The major isoprenoid quinone 1166:1193 The major isoprenoid quinone 1166:1193 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25368138 0 35 theme Pontibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 24:25 Pontibacillus salicampi sp 0:25 Pontibacillus salicampi sp. 0:26 Pontibacillus salicampi sp. 25368138 13 36 theme  = 1878:1879 arg1 T 1895:1895 T 1895:1895 T 1895:1895 The type strain is BH043(T) ( = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T)). 25368138 13 36 theme  = 1878:1879 arg1 B.02529 1887:1893  = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529 1845:1893  = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T) 1845:1896 The type strain is BH043(T) ( = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T)). 25368138 2 37 attach isolated 177:184 arg1 soil 199:202 saltern soil 191:202 saltern soil of Gomso in Korea 191:220 A Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated BH043(T), was isolated from saltern soil of Gomso in Korea. 25368138 2 37 attach isolated 177:184 arg2 bacterium 141:149 A Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium 96:149 A Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium 96:149 A Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated BH043(T), was isolated from saltern soil of Gomso in Korea. 25368138 11 38 theme genus 1731:1735 arg1 Pontibacillus 1737:1749 the genus Pontibacillus 1727:1749 the genus Pontibacillus 1727:1749 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain BH043(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacillus for which the name Pontibacillus salicampi sp. 25368138 5 39 theme % 827:827 arg1 similarity 829:838 97.5 % similarity 822:838 97.5 % similarity 822:838 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 5 39 theme % 827:827 arg1 Y32 814:816 Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32 786:816 Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity) 786:839 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 8 40 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1208:1226 arg1 acid 1228:1231 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1208:1231 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1208:1231 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25368138 10 41 theme yanchengensis 1500:1512 arg1 strains 1444:1450 the type strains 1435:1450 the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus 1435:1494 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 10 41 theme yanchengensis 1500:1512 arg1 CGMCC 1514:1518 P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680 1497:1526 P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) 1497:1529 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 10 41 theme yanchengensis 1500:1512 arg1 T 1556:1556 T 1556:1556 T 1556:1556 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 10 41 theme yanchengensis 1500:1512 arg1 T 1528:1528 T 1528:1528 T 1528:1528 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 10 42 theme DNA-DNA 1387:1393 arg1 relatedness 1395:1405 DNA-DNA relatedness 1387:1405 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), 1387:1591 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 4 43 dep °C 420:421 arg1 growth 432:437 optimal growth 424:437 optimal growth 424:437 Strain BH043(T) was strictly aerobic, grew at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.5), at 10-55 °C (optimal growth at 30 °C) and at salinities of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl, growing optimally with 7 % (w/v) NaCl. 25368138 7 44 theme mol 1160:1162 arg1 % 1163:1163 42.5 mol% 1155:1163 42.5 mol% 1155:1163 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.5 mol%. 25368138 7 44 theme mol 1160:1162 arg1 content 1143:1149 The genomic DNA G+C content 1123:1149 The genomic DNA G+C content 1123:1149 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.5 mol%. 25368138 11 45 theme name 1765:1768 arg1 sp 1794:1795 the name Pontibacillus salicampi sp 1761:1795 the name Pontibacillus salicampi sp 1761:1795 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain BH043(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacillus for which the name Pontibacillus salicampi sp. 25368138 5 46 dep related 668:674 arg1 Pontibacillus 842:854 Pontibacillus 842:854 Pontibacillus 842:854 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 13 47 theme 109831 1869:1874 arg1 T 1895:1895 T 1895:1895 T 1895:1895 The type strain is BH043(T) ( = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T)). 25368138 13 47 theme 109831 1869:1874 arg1 B.02529 1887:1893  = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529 1845:1893  = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T) 1845:1896 The type strain is BH043(T) ( = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T)). 25368138 13 48 theme T 1859:1859 arg1 T 1895:1895 T 1895:1895 T 1895:1895 The type strain is BH043(T) ( = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T)). 25368138 13 48 theme T 1859:1859 arg1 B.02529 1887:1893  = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529 1845:1893  = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T) 1845:1896 The type strain is BH043(T) ( = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T)). 25368138 13 49 dep BH043 1835:1839 arg1 T 1895:1895 T 1895:1895 T 1895:1895 The type strain is BH043(T) ( = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T)). 25368138 13 49 dep BH043 1835:1839 arg1 B.02529 1887:1893  = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529 1845:1893  = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T) 1845:1896 The type strain is BH043(T) ( = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T)). 25368138 7 50 theme G+C 1139:1141 arg1 % 1163:1163 42.5 mol% 1155:1163 42.5 mol% 1155:1163 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.5 mol%. 25368138 7 50 theme G+C 1139:1141 arg1 content 1143:1149 The genomic DNA G+C content 1123:1149 The genomic DNA G+C content 1123:1149 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.5 mol%. 25368138 4 51 dep % 514:514 arg1 w/v 517:519 w/v 517:519 w/v 517:519 Strain BH043(T) was strictly aerobic, grew at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.5), at 10-55 °C (optimal growth at 30 °C) and at salinities of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl, growing optimally with 7 % (w/v) NaCl. 25368138 8 52 theme cell-wall 1252:1260 arg1 peptidoglycan 1262:1274 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1248:1274 the cell-wall peptidoglycan as the diagnostic diamino acid 1248:1305 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25368138 7 53 theme genomic 1127:1133 arg1 % 1163:1163 42.5 mol% 1155:1163 42.5 mol% 1155:1163 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.5 mol%. 25368138 7 53 theme genomic 1127:1133 arg1 content 1143:1149 The genomic DNA G+C content 1123:1149 The genomic DNA G+C content 1123:1149 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.5 mol%. 25368138 11 54 theme strain 1681:1686 arg1 T 1694:1694 T 1694:1694 T 1694:1694 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain BH043(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacillus for which the name Pontibacillus salicampi sp. 25368138 11 54 theme strain 1681:1686 arg1 BH043 1688:1692 strain BH043 1681:1692 strain BH043(T) 1681:1695 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain BH043(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacillus for which the name Pontibacillus salicampi sp. 25368138 2 55 theme Gram-stain-positive 98:116 arg1 bacterium 141:149 A Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium 96:149 A Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium 96:149 A Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated BH043(T), was isolated from saltern soil of Gomso in Korea. 25368138 9 56 theme major 1312:1316 arg1 lipids 1324:1329 The major polar lipids 1308:1329 The major polar lipids 1308:1329 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. 25368138 9 56 theme major 1312:1316 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1336:1359 phosphatidylethanolamine 1336:1359 phosphatidylethanolamine 1336:1359 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. 25368138 8 57 theme diagnostic 1283:1292 arg1 acid 1302:1305 the diagnostic diamino acid 1279:1305 the diagnostic diamino acid 1279:1305 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25368138 11 58 dep analysis 1655:1662 arg1 the 1631:1633 the 1631:1633 the 1631:1633 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain BH043(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacillus for which the name Pontibacillus salicampi sp. 25368138 11 58 dep analysis 1655:1662 arg1 basis 1635:1639 basis 1635:1639 basis 1635:1639 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain BH043(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacillus for which the name Pontibacillus salicampi sp. 25368138 8 59 from present 1237:1243 arg1 peptidoglycan 1262:1274 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1248:1274 the cell-wall peptidoglycan as the diagnostic diamino acid 1248:1305 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25368138 4 60 theme % 514:514 arg1 NaCl 522:525 7 % (w/v) NaCl 512:525 7 % (w/v) NaCl 512:525 Strain BH043(T) was strictly aerobic, grew at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.5), at 10-55 °C (optimal growth at 30 °C) and at salinities of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl, growing optimally with 7 % (w/v) NaCl. 25368138 13 61 theme KACC 1848:1851 arg1 T 1895:1895 T 1895:1895 T 1895:1895 The type strain is BH043(T) ( = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T)). 25368138 13 61 theme KACC 1848:1851 arg1 B.02529 1887:1893  = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529 1845:1893  = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T) 1845:1896 The type strain is BH043(T) ( = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T)). 25368138 10 62 theme P. 1535:1536 arg1 3917 1551:1554 P. marinus KCTC 3917 1535:1554 P. marinus KCTC 3917 1535:1554 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 10 62 theme P. 1535:1536 arg1 strains 1444:1450 the type strains 1435:1450 the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus 1435:1494 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 4 63 from pH 402:403 arg1 growth 392:397 optimal growth 384:397 optimal growth at pH 7.5 384:407 Strain BH043(T) was strictly aerobic, grew at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.5), at 10-55 °C (optimal growth at 30 °C) and at salinities of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl, growing optimally with 7 % (w/v) NaCl. 25368138 13 64 theme T 1876:1876 arg1 T 1895:1895 T 1895:1895 T 1895:1895 The type strain is BH043(T) ( = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T)). 25368138 13 64 theme T 1876:1876 arg1 B.02529 1887:1893  = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529 1845:1893  = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T) 1845:1896 The type strain is BH043(T) ( = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T)). 25368138 10 65 theme type 1439:1442 arg1 3917 1551:1554 P. marinus KCTC 3917 1535:1554 P. marinus KCTC 3917 1535:1554 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 10 65 theme type 1439:1442 arg1 3890 1584:1587 P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890 1563:1587 P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T) 1563:1590 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 10 65 theme type 1439:1442 arg1 strains 1444:1450 the type strains 1435:1450 the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus 1435:1494 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 10 65 theme type 1439:1442 arg1 CGMCC 1514:1518 P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680 1497:1526 P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) 1497:1529 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 5 66 theme 16S 559:561 arg1 sequence 573:580 16S rRNA gene sequence 559:580 16S rRNA gene sequence 559:580 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 4 67 dep % 475:475 arg1 w/v 478:480 w/v 478:480 w/v 478:480 Strain BH043(T) was strictly aerobic, grew at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.5), at 10-55 °C (optimal growth at 30 °C) and at salinities of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl, growing optimally with 7 % (w/v) NaCl. 25368138 5 68 theme related 668:674 arg1 T 873:873 T 873:873 T 873:873 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 5 68 theme related 668:674 arg1 BH030004 864:871 most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004 655:871 most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %) 655:883 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 5 68 theme related 668:674 arg1 % 882:882 97.4 % 877:882 97.4 % 877:882 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 11 69 from study 1674:1678 arg1 analysis 1655:1662 polyphasic analysis 1644:1662 polyphasic analysis from this study 1644:1678 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain BH043(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacillus for which the name Pontibacillus salicampi sp. 25368138 10 70 theme species 1461:1467 arg1 strain 1415:1420 strain BH043 1415:1426 strain BH043(T) 1415:1429 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 10 70 theme species 1461:1467 arg1 CGMCC 1514:1518 P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680 1497:1526 P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) 1497:1529 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 10 70 theme species 1461:1467 arg1 strains 1444:1450 the type strains 1435:1450 the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus 1435:1494 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 10 70 theme species 1461:1467 arg1 3917 1551:1554 P. marinus KCTC 3917 1535:1554 P. marinus KCTC 3917 1535:1554 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 10 70 theme species 1461:1467 arg1 T 1428:1428 T 1428:1428 T 1428:1428 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 10 70 theme species 1461:1467 arg1 3890 1584:1587 P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890 1563:1587 P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T) 1563:1590 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 8 71 from peptidoglycan 1262:1274 arg1 present 1237:1243 present 1237:1243 present 1237:1243 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25368138 5 72 theme Phylogenetic 528:539 arg1 analysis 541:548 Phylogenetic analysis 528:548 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence 528:580 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 3 73 from position 294:301 arg1 sporangia 314:322 swollen sporangia 306:322 swollen sporangia 306:322 Cells were motile rods, producing ellipsoidal endospores at a terminal position in swollen sporangia. 25368138 10 74 theme P. 1497:1498 arg1 strains 1444:1450 the type strains 1435:1450 the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus 1435:1494 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 10 74 theme P. 1497:1498 arg1 CGMCC 1514:1518 P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680 1497:1526 P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) 1497:1529 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 10 74 theme P. 1497:1498 arg1 T 1556:1556 T 1556:1556 T 1556:1556 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 10 74 theme P. 1497:1498 arg1 T 1528:1528 T 1528:1528 T 1528:1528 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 5 75 theme genus 734:738 arg1 Pontibacillus 740:752 the genus Pontibacillus 730:752 the genus Pontibacillus 730:752 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 11 76 theme polyphasic 1644:1653 arg1 analysis 1655:1662 polyphasic analysis 1644:1662 polyphasic analysis from this study 1644:1678 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain BH043(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacillus for which the name Pontibacillus salicampi sp. 25368138 5 77 dep Pontibacillus 786:798 arg1 yanchengensis 800:812 yanchengensis 800:812 yanchengensis 800:812 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 5 78 theme strain 597:602 arg1 BH043 604:608 strain BH043 597:608 strain BH043(T) 597:611 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 5 78 theme strain 597:602 arg1 T 610:610 T 610:610 T 610:610 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 10 79 theme Pontibacillus 1482:1494 arg1 species 1461:1467 other species 1455:1467 other species of the genus Pontibacillus 1455:1494 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 3 80 theme swollen 306:312 arg1 sporangia 314:322 swollen sporangia 306:322 swollen sporangia 306:322 Cells were motile rods, producing ellipsoidal endospores at a terminal position in swollen sporangia. 25368138 6 81 theme strain 1069:1074 arg1 T 1082:1082 T 1082:1082 T 1082:1082 The major cellular fatty acids of strain BH043(T) were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25368138 6 81 theme strain 1069:1074 arg1 BH043 1076:1080 strain BH043 1069:1080 strain BH043(T) 1069:1083 The major cellular fatty acids of strain BH043(T) were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25368138 2 82 dep Gram-stain-positive 98:116 arg1 halophilic 130:139 halophilic 130:139 halophilic 130:139 A Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated BH043(T), was isolated from saltern soil of Gomso in Korea. 25368138 8 83 attach present 1237:1243 arg2 acid 1228:1231 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1208:1231 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1208:1231 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25368138 8 83 attach present 1237:1243 arg1 peptidoglycan 1262:1274 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1248:1274 the cell-wall peptidoglycan as the diagnostic diamino acid 1248:1305 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25368138 5 84 theme recognized 708:717 arg1 species 719:725 the five recognized species 699:725 the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus 699:752 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 4 85 theme optimal 424:430 arg1 growth 432:437 optimal growth 424:437 optimal growth 424:437 Strain BH043(T) was strictly aerobic, grew at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.5), at 10-55 °C (optimal growth at 30 °C) and at salinities of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl, growing optimally with 7 % (w/v) NaCl. 25368138 4 86 dep aerobic 354:360 arg1 grew 363:366 grew 363:366 grew 363:366 Strain BH043(T) was strictly aerobic, grew at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.5), at 10-55 °C (optimal growth at 30 °C) and at salinities of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl, growing optimally with 7 % (w/v) NaCl. 25368138 5 87 theme gene 568:571 arg1 sequence 573:580 16S rRNA gene sequence 559:580 16S rRNA gene sequence 559:580 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 1 88 theme halophilic 47:56 arg1 bacterium 58:66 a moderately halophilic bacterium 34:66 a moderately halophilic bacterium 34:66 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from saltern soil. 25368138 1 88 theme halophilic 47:56 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from saltern soil. 25368138 6 89 theme cellular 1045:1052 arg1 acids 1060:1064 The major cellular fatty acids 1035:1064 The major cellular fatty acids of strain BH043(T) 1035:1083 The major cellular fatty acids of strain BH043(T) were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25368138 6 89 theme cellular 1045:1052 arg1 iso-C15 1090:1096 iso-C15 1090:1096 iso-C15 1090:1096 The major cellular fatty acids of strain BH043(T) were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25368138 2 90 from soil 199:202 arg1 Korea 216:220 Korea 216:220 Korea 216:220 A Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated BH043(T), was isolated from saltern soil of Gomso in Korea. 25368138 11 91 theme salicampi 1784:1792 arg1 sp 1794:1795 the name Pontibacillus salicampi sp 1761:1795 the name Pontibacillus salicampi sp 1761:1795 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain BH043(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacillus for which the name Pontibacillus salicampi sp. 25368138 8 92 theme isoprenoid 1176:1185 arg1 MK-7 1199:1202 MK-7 1199:1202 MK-7 1199:1202 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25368138 8 92 theme isoprenoid 1176:1185 arg1 quinone 1187:1193 The major isoprenoid quinone 1166:1193 The major isoprenoid quinone 1166:1193 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25368138 0 93 theme salicampi 14:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Pontibacillus salicampi sp 0:25 Pontibacillus salicampi sp. 0:26 Pontibacillus salicampi sp. 25368138 1 94 theme saltern 82:88 arg1 soil 90:93 saltern soil 82:93 saltern soil 82:93 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from saltern soil. 25368138 5 95 theme sequence 763:770 arg1 similarity 772:781 sequence similarity 763:781 sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity) 763:839 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 2 96 from Korea 216:220 arg1 soil 199:202 saltern soil 191:202 saltern soil of Gomso in Korea 191:220 A Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated BH043(T), was isolated from saltern soil of Gomso in Korea. 25368138 10 97 dep P. 1563:1564 arg1 chungwhensis 1566:1577 chungwhensis 1566:1577 chungwhensis 1566:1577 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 4 98 from °C 445:446 arg1 growth 432:437 optimal growth 424:437 optimal growth 424:437 Strain BH043(T) was strictly aerobic, grew at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.5), at 10-55 °C (optimal growth at 30 °C) and at salinities of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl, growing optimally with 7 % (w/v) NaCl. 25368138 5 99 theme Pontibacillus 935:947 arg1 072002 963:968 Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002 935:968 Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) 935:980 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 5 99 theme Pontibacillus 935:947 arg1 % 979:979 96.4 % 974:979 96.4 % 974:979 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 5 99 theme Pontibacillus 935:947 arg1 T 970:970 T 970:970 T 970:970 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 25368138 6 100 dep iso-C15 1090:1096 arg1 0 1100:1100 0 1100:1100 0 1100:1100 The major cellular fatty acids of strain BH043(T) were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25368138 6 100 dep iso-C15 1090:1096 arg1 0 1120:1120 0 1120:1120 0 1120:1120 The major cellular fatty acids of strain BH043(T) were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25368138 6 100 dep iso-C15 1090:1096 arg1 anteiso-C15 1106:1116 anteiso-C15 1106:1116 anteiso-C15 1106:1116 The major cellular fatty acids of strain BH043(T) were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25368138 13 101 theme NBRC 1864:1867 arg1 T 1895:1895 T 1895:1895 T 1895:1895 The type strain is BH043(T) ( = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T)). 25368138 13 101 theme NBRC 1864:1867 arg1 B.02529 1887:1893  = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529 1845:1893  = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T) 1845:1896 The type strain is BH043(T) ( = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T)). 25368138 11 102 theme Pontibacillus 1737:1749 arg1 species 1716:1722 a novel species 1708:1722 a novel species of the genus Pontibacillus for which the name Pontibacillus salicampi sp 1708:1795 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain BH043(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacillus for which the name Pontibacillus salicampi sp. 25368138 6 103 theme major 1039:1043 arg1 acids 1060:1064 The major cellular fatty acids 1035:1064 The major cellular fatty acids of strain BH043(T) 1035:1083 The major cellular fatty acids of strain BH043(T) were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25368138 6 103 theme major 1039:1043 arg1 iso-C15 1090:1096 iso-C15 1090:1096 iso-C15 1090:1096 The major cellular fatty acids of strain BH043(T) were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 25368138 2 104 theme saltern 191:197 arg1 soil 199:202 saltern soil 191:202 saltern soil of Gomso in Korea 191:220 A Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated BH043(T), was isolated from saltern soil of Gomso in Korea. 25368138 13 105 theme  = 1861:1862 arg1 T 1895:1895 T 1895:1895 T 1895:1895 The type strain is BH043(T) ( = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T)). 25368138 13 105 theme  = 1861:1862 arg1 B.02529 1887:1893  = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529 1845:1893  = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T) 1845:1896 The type strain is BH043(T) ( = KACC 17607(T) = NBRC 109831(T) = NCAIM B.02529(T)). 25368138 4 106 theme Strain 325:330 arg1 T 338:338 T 338:338 T 338:338 Strain BH043(T) was strictly aerobic, grew at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.5), at 10-55 °C (optimal growth at 30 °C) and at salinities of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl, growing optimally with 7 % (w/v) NaCl. 25368138 4 106 theme Strain 325:330 arg1 BH043 332:336 Strain BH043 325:336 Strain BH043(T) 325:339 Strain BH043(T) was strictly aerobic, grew at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.5), at 10-55 °C (optimal growth at 30 °C) and at salinities of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl, growing optimally with 7 % (w/v) NaCl. 25368138 10 107 dep P. 1535:1536 arg1 marinus 1538:1544 marinus 1538:1544 marinus 1538:1544 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BH043(T) and the type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacillus, P. yanchengensis CGMCC 1.10680(T) and P. marinus KCTC 3917(T) and P. chungwhensis KCTC 3890(T), was 35, 24 and 18 %, respectively. 25368138 4 108 theme NaCl 483:486 arg1 salinities 456:465 salinities 456:465 salinities of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl 456:486 Strain BH043(T) was strictly aerobic, grew at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.5), at 10-55 °C (optimal growth at 30 °C) and at salinities of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl, growing optimally with 7 % (w/v) NaCl. 25368138 5 109 theme family 628:633 arg1 Bacillaceae 635:645 the family Bacillaceae 624:645 the family Bacillaceae 624:645 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BH043(T) belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of the five recognized species of the genus Pontibacillus, showing sequence similarity to Pontibacillus yanchengensis Y32(T) (97.5 % similarity), Pontibacillus marinus BH030004(T) (97.4 %), Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062(T) (97.0 %), Pontibacillus litoralis JSM 072002(T) (96.4 %) and Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056(T) (96.2 %). 28877641 7 0 theme scaffold 1741:1748 arg1 Effects 1730:1736 Effects 1730:1736 Effects of scaffold, medium, or culture duration on cell viability 1730:1795 Effects of scaffold, medium, or culture duration on cell viability were minimal. 28877641 10 1 theme identical 2345:2353 arg1 isolates 2360:2367 identical cell isolates 2345:2367 identical cell isolates 2345:2367 Higher CNR1 expression in C versus higher TNFRSF11B/TNFSF11 expression in HT constructs throughout the study support stimulation of unique osteogenic signaling pathways by identical cell isolates. 28877641 6 2 theme scanning 1700:1707 arg1 microscopy 1718:1727 scanning electron microscopy 1700:1727 scanning electron microscopy 1700:1727 Matrix organization was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. 28877641 2 3 theme multipotent 273:283 arg1 ASC 299:301 adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) 257:302 adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) 257:302 This investigation was designed to identify adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) and bone graft scaffold combinations for local, targeted restoration of gene expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. 28877641 4 4 theme available 1001:1009 arg1 collagen 1184:1191 β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen 1145:1191 β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) 1145:1196 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 4 theme available 1001:1009 arg1 collagen 1056:1063 type I bovine collagen 1042:1063 type I bovine collagen (C) 1042:1067 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 4 theme available 1001:1009 arg1 materials 1031:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 4 theme available 1001:1009 arg1 collagen 1126:1133 hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen 1070:1133 hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT) 1070:1138 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 10 5 theme Higher 2173:2178 arg1 expression 2185:2194 Higher CNR1 expression 2173:2194 Higher CNR1 expression in C 2173:2199 Higher CNR1 expression in C versus higher TNFRSF11B/TNFSF11 expression in HT constructs throughout the study support stimulation of unique osteogenic signaling pathways by identical cell isolates. 28877641 2 6 theme scaffold 319:326 arg1 combinations 328:339 bone graft scaffold combinations 308:339 bone graft scaffold combinations 308:339 This investigation was designed to identify adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) and bone graft scaffold combinations for local, targeted restoration of gene expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. 28877641 11 7 theme bone 2397:2400 arg1 composition 2411:2421 bone scaffold composition 2397:2421 bone scaffold composition 2397:2421 These results suggest that bone scaffold composition may be used to selectively target specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways in ASC constructs to stimulate ECM deposition based on therapeutic needs. 28877641 9 8 theme C 2147:2147 arg1 constructs 2149:2158 C constructs 2147:2158 C constructs in O medium 2147:2170 There was a similar, although delayed, pattern of gene expression and greater ECM collagen with less organization in C constructs in O medium. 28877641 3 9 theme graft 679:683 arg1 scaffolds 685:693 distinct bone graft scaffolds 665:693 distinct bone graft scaffolds 665:693 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 2 10 theme bone 308:311 arg1 combinations 328:339 bone graft scaffold combinations 308:339 bone graft scaffold combinations 308:339 This investigation was designed to identify adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) and bone graft scaffold combinations for local, targeted restoration of gene expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. 28877641 3 11 dep medium 590:595 arg1 test 605:608 test 605:608 to test the two-part hypothesis 602:632 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 11 12 theme ECM 2532:2534 arg1 deposition 2536:2545 ECM deposition 2532:2545 ECM deposition based on therapeutic needs 2532:2572 These results suggest that bone scaffold composition may be used to selectively target specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways in ASC constructs to stimulate ECM deposition based on therapeutic needs. 28877641 8 13 theme most 1967:1970 arg1 components 1985:1994 the most abundant ECM components 1963:1994 the most abundant ECM components 1963:1994 Significantly higher initial ALPL expression decreased with time, while BGLAP expression increased in HT constructs in O medium, and the constructs had the most abundant ECM components and ultrastructural organization. 28877641 3 14 theme OS 971:972 arg1 medium 974:979 OS medium 971:979 OS medium 971:979 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 4 15 theme type 1042:1045 arg1 C 1066:1066 C 1066:1066 C 1066:1066 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 15 theme type 1042:1045 arg1 collagen 1056:1063 type I bovine collagen 1042:1063 type I bovine collagen (C) 1042:1067 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 15 theme type 1042:1045 arg1 materials 1031:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 8 16 theme ECM 1981:1983 arg1 components 1985:1994 the most abundant ECM components 1963:1994 the most abundant ECM components 1963:1994 Significantly higher initial ALPL expression decreased with time, while BGLAP expression increased in HT constructs in O medium, and the constructs had the most abundant ECM components and ultrastructural organization. 28877641 4 17 theme bovine 1049:1054 arg1 C 1066:1066 C 1066:1066 C 1066:1066 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 17 theme bovine 1049:1054 arg1 collagen 1056:1063 type I bovine collagen 1042:1063 type I bovine collagen (C) 1042:1067 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 17 theme bovine 1049:1054 arg1 materials 1031:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 2 18 theme stromal 285:291 arg1 ASC 299:301 adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) 257:302 adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) 257:302 This investigation was designed to identify adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) and bone graft scaffold combinations for local, targeted restoration of gene expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. 28877641 9 19 theme expression 2085:2094 arg1 pattern 2069:2075 a similar, although delayed, pattern 2040:2075 a similar, although delayed, pattern of gene expression and greater ECM collagen 2040:2119 There was a similar, although delayed, pattern of gene expression and greater ECM collagen with less organization in C constructs in O medium. 28877641 3 20 theme ECM 742:744 arg1 production 746:755 ECM production 742:755 ECM production 742:755 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 2 21 theme adipose-derived 257:271 arg1 ASC 299:301 adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) 257:302 adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) 257:302 This investigation was designed to identify adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) and bone graft scaffold combinations for local, targeted restoration of gene expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. 28877641 1 22 theme cell 151:154 arg1 disruption 174:183 Osteogenic cell signaling pathway disruption 140:183 Osteogenic cell signaling pathway disruption 140:183 Osteogenic cell signaling pathway disruption varies among bone diseases. 28877641 9 23 from constructs 2149:2158 arg1 medium 2165:2170 O medium 2163:2170 O medium 2163:2170 There was a similar, although delayed, pattern of gene expression and greater ECM collagen with less organization in C constructs in O medium. 28877641 5 24 theme Passage 1214:1220 arg1 ASCs 1224:1227 Passage 3 ASCs 1214:1227 Passage 3 ASCs 1214:1227 Passage 3 ASCs were loaded onto scaffold blocks with a spinner flask bioreactor, and constructs were cultured up to 28 days. 28877641 5 25 with blocks 1255:1260 arg1 bioreactor 1283:1292 a spinner flask bioreactor 1267:1292 a spinner flask bioreactor 1267:1292 Passage 3 ASCs were loaded onto scaffold blocks with a spinner flask bioreactor, and constructs were cultured up to 28 days. 28877641 1 26 theme pathway 166:172 arg1 disruption 174:183 Osteogenic cell signaling pathway disruption 140:183 Osteogenic cell signaling pathway disruption 140:183 Osteogenic cell signaling pathway disruption varies among bone diseases. 28877641 11 27 theme signaling 2482:2490 arg1 pathways 2492:2499 specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways 2457:2499 specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways in ASC constructs to stimulate ECM deposition based on therapeutic needs 2457:2572 These results suggest that bone scaffold composition may be used to selectively target specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways in ASC constructs to stimulate ECM deposition based on therapeutic needs. 28877641 10 28 theme pathways 2333:2340 arg1 stimulation 2290:2300 stimulation 2290:2300 stimulation of unique osteogenic signaling pathways by identical cell isolates 2290:2367 Higher CNR1 expression in C versus higher TNFRSF11B/TNFSF11 expression in HT constructs throughout the study support stimulation of unique osteogenic signaling pathways by identical cell isolates. 28877641 4 29 theme hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium 1070:1098 arg1 materials 1031:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 29 theme hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium 1070:1098 arg1 HT 1136:1137 HT 1136:1137 HT 1136:1137 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 29 theme hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium 1070:1098 arg1 collagen 1126:1133 hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen 1070:1133 hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT) 1070:1138 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 3 30 theme gene 762:765 arg1 expression 767:776 gene expression 762:776 gene expression 762:776 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 6 31 theme Matrix 1661:1666 arg1 organization 1668:1679 Matrix organization 1661:1679 Matrix organization 1661:1679 Matrix organization was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. 28877641 5 32 dep days 1333:1336 arg1 up 1324:1325 up 1324:1325 up 1324:1325 Passage 3 ASCs were loaded onto scaffold blocks with a spinner flask bioreactor, and constructs were cultured up to 28 days. 28877641 11 33 theme osteogenic 2466:2475 arg1 pathways 2492:2499 specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways 2457:2499 specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways in ASC constructs to stimulate ECM deposition based on therapeutic needs 2457:2572 These results suggest that bone scaffold composition may be used to selectively target specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways in ASC constructs to stimulate ECM deposition based on therapeutic needs. 28877641 4 34 theme I 1117:1117 arg1 materials 1031:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 34 theme I 1117:1117 arg1 HT 1136:1137 HT 1136:1137 HT 1136:1137 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 34 theme I 1117:1117 arg1 collagen 1126:1133 hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen 1070:1133 hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT) 1070:1138 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 0 35 theme Adult 91:95 arg1 Cells 133:137 Adult Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells 91:137 Adult Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells 91:137 Collagen and Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Activate Distinct Osteogenesis Signaling Pathways in Adult Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells. 28877641 3 36 from osteogenesis 445:456 arg1 materials 472:480 bone graft materials 461:480 bone graft materials 461:480 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 1 37 theme bone 198:201 arg1 diseases 203:210 bone diseases 198:210 bone diseases 198:210 Osteogenic cell signaling pathway disruption varies among bone diseases. 28877641 3 38 theme ASC-bone 824:831 arg1 combinations 848:859 (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations 810:859 (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations 810:859 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 4 39 theme I 1175:1175 arg1 materials 1031:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 39 theme I 1175:1175 arg1 CT 1194:1195 CT 1194:1195 CT 1194:1195 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 39 theme I 1175:1175 arg1 collagen 1184:1191 β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen 1145:1191 β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) 1145:1196 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 8 40 from constructs 1916:1925 arg1 medium 1932:1937 O medium 1930:1937 O medium 1930:1937 Significantly higher initial ALPL expression decreased with time, while BGLAP expression increased in HT constructs in O medium, and the constructs had the most abundant ECM components and ultrastructural organization. 28877641 3 41 theme same 785:788 arg1 conditions 798:807 the same culture conditions 781:807 the same culture conditions 781:807 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 0 42 theme Multipotent 113:123 arg1 Cells 133:137 Adult Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells 91:137 Adult Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells 91:137 Collagen and Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Activate Distinct Osteogenesis Signaling Pathways in Adult Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells. 28877641 3 43 theme cell 876:879 arg1 viability 881:889 different cell viability 866:889 different cell viability 866:889 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 9 44 theme similar 2042:2048 arg1 pattern 2069:2075 a similar, although delayed, pattern 2040:2075 a similar, although delayed, pattern of gene expression and greater ECM collagen 2040:2119 There was a similar, although delayed, pattern of gene expression and greater ECM collagen with less organization in C constructs in O medium. 28877641 5 45 theme spinner 1269:1275 arg1 bioreactor 1283:1292 a spinner flask bioreactor 1267:1292 a spinner flask bioreactor 1267:1292 Passage 3 ASCs were loaded onto scaffold blocks with a spinner flask bioreactor, and constructs were cultured up to 28 days. 28877641 3 46 theme bone 461:464 arg1 materials 472:480 bone graft materials 461:480 bone graft materials 461:480 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 0 47 theme Collagen 0:7 arg1 Scaffolds 28:36 Collagen and Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds 0:36 Collagen and Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds 0:36 Collagen and Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Activate Distinct Osteogenesis Signaling Pathways in Adult Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells. 28877641 3 48 dep isolates 653:660 arg1 1 636:636 1 636:636 1 636:636 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 3 49 dep osteogenic 531:540 arg1 O 543:543 O 543:543 O 543:543 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 4 50 theme β-tricalcium 1145:1156 arg1 materials 1031:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 50 theme β-tricalcium 1145:1156 arg1 CT 1194:1195 CT 1194:1195 CT 1194:1195 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 50 theme β-tricalcium 1145:1156 arg1 collagen 1184:1191 β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen 1145:1191 β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) 1145:1196 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 0 51 theme Hydroxyapatite 13:26 arg1 Scaffolds 28:36 Collagen and Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds 0:36 Collagen and Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds 0:36 Collagen and Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Activate Distinct Osteogenesis Signaling Pathways in Adult Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells. 28877641 5 52 theme scaffold 1246:1253 arg1 blocks 1255:1260 scaffold blocks 1246:1260 scaffold blocks with a spinner flask bioreactor 1246:1292 Passage 3 ASCs were loaded onto scaffold blocks with a spinner flask bioreactor, and constructs were cultured up to 28 days. 28877641 7 53 theme culture 1762:1768 arg1 duration 1770:1777 culture duration 1762:1777 culture duration 1762:1777 Effects of scaffold, medium, or culture duration on cell viability were minimal. 28877641 10 54 theme HT 2247:2248 arg1 constructs 2250:2259 HT constructs 2247:2259 HT constructs throughout the study 2247:2280 Higher CNR1 expression in C versus higher TNFRSF11B/TNFSF11 expression in HT constructs throughout the study support stimulation of unique osteogenic signaling pathways by identical cell isolates. 28877641 3 55 theme Human 435:439 arg1 osteogenesis 445:456 Human ASC osteogenesis 435:456 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials 435:480 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 2 56 theme expression 381:390 arg1 restoration 361:371 local, targeted restoration 345:371 restoration 361:371 This investigation was designed to identify adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) and bone graft scaffold combinations for local, targeted restoration of gene expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. 28877641 0 57 theme Osteogenesis 56:67 arg1 Pathways 79:86 Distinct Osteogenesis Signaling Pathways 47:86 Distinct Osteogenesis Signaling Pathways 47:86 Collagen and Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Activate Distinct Osteogenesis Signaling Pathways in Adult Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells. 28877641 4 58 theme scaffold 1022:1029 arg1 collagen 1184:1191 β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen 1145:1191 β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) 1145:1196 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 58 theme scaffold 1022:1029 arg1 collagen 1056:1063 type I bovine collagen 1042:1063 type I bovine collagen (C) 1042:1067 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 58 theme scaffold 1022:1029 arg1 materials 1031:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 58 theme scaffold 1022:1029 arg1 collagen 1126:1133 hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen 1070:1133 hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT) 1070:1138 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 8 59 theme initial 1832:1838 arg1 expression 1845:1854 Significantly higher initial ALPL expression 1811:1854 Significantly higher initial ALPL expression 1811:1854 Significantly higher initial ALPL expression decreased with time, while BGLAP expression increased in HT constructs in O medium, and the constructs had the most abundant ECM components and ultrastructural organization. 28877641 11 60 dep constructs 2508:2517 arg1 stimulate 2522:2530 stimulate 2522:2530 to stimulate ECM deposition based on therapeutic needs 2519:2572 These results suggest that bone scaffold composition may be used to selectively target specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways in ASC constructs to stimulate ECM deposition based on therapeutic needs. 28877641 3 61 theme ASC 649:651 arg1 isolates 653:660 (1) identical ASC isolates 635:660 (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds 635:693 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 9 62 theme greater 2100:2106 arg1 collagen 2112:2119 greater ECM collagen 2100:2119 greater ECM collagen 2100:2119 There was a similar, although delayed, pattern of gene expression and greater ECM collagen with less organization in C constructs in O medium. 28877641 11 63 from pathways 2492:2499 arg1 constructs 2508:2517 ASC constructs 2504:2517 ASC constructs to stimulate ECM deposition based on therapeutic needs 2504:2572 These results suggest that bone scaffold composition may be used to selectively target specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways in ASC constructs to stimulate ECM deposition based on therapeutic needs. 28877641 3 64 theme scaffold 839:846 arg1 combinations 848:859 (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations 810:859 (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations 810:859 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 8 65 theme HT 1913:1914 arg1 constructs 1916:1925 HT constructs 1913:1925 HT constructs in O medium 1913:1937 Significantly higher initial ALPL expression decreased with time, while BGLAP expression increased in HT constructs in O medium, and the constructs had the most abundant ECM components and ultrastructural organization. 28877641 10 66 theme signaling 2323:2331 arg1 pathways 2333:2340 unique osteogenic signaling pathways 2305:2340 unique osteogenic signaling pathways 2305:2340 Higher CNR1 expression in C versus higher TNFRSF11B/TNFSF11 expression in HT constructs throughout the study support stimulation of unique osteogenic signaling pathways by identical cell isolates. 28877641 10 67 theme higher 2208:2213 arg1 expression 2233:2242 higher TNFRSF11B/TNFSF11 expression 2208:2242 higher TNFRSF11B/TNFSF11 expression in HT constructs throughout the study 2208:2280 Higher CNR1 expression in C versus higher TNFRSF11B/TNFSF11 expression in HT constructs throughout the study support stimulation of unique osteogenic signaling pathways by identical cell isolates. 28877641 9 68 theme collagen 2112:2119 arg1 pattern 2069:2075 a similar, although delayed, pattern 2040:2075 a similar, although delayed, pattern of gene expression and greater ECM collagen 2040:2119 There was a similar, although delayed, pattern of gene expression and greater ECM collagen with less organization in C constructs in O medium. 28877641 3 69 theme bone 674:677 arg1 scaffolds 685:693 distinct bone graft scaffolds 665:693 distinct bone graft scaffolds 665:693 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 2 70 theme extracellular 396:408 arg1 ECM 418:420 ECM 418:420 ECM 418:420 This investigation was designed to identify adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) and bone graft scaffold combinations for local, targeted restoration of gene expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. 28877641 2 70 theme extracellular 396:408 arg1 matrix 410:415 extracellular matrix 396:415 extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition 396:432 This investigation was designed to identify adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) and bone graft scaffold combinations for local, targeted restoration of gene expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. 28877641 6 71 theme electron 1709:1716 arg1 microscopy 1718:1727 scanning electron microscopy 1700:1727 scanning electron microscopy 1700:1727 Matrix organization was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. 28877641 4 72 theme bone 1011:1014 arg1 collagen 1184:1191 β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen 1145:1191 β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) 1145:1196 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 72 theme bone 1011:1014 arg1 collagen 1056:1063 type I bovine collagen 1042:1063 type I bovine collagen (C) 1042:1067 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 72 theme bone 1011:1014 arg1 materials 1031:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 72 theme bone 1011:1014 arg1 collagen 1126:1133 hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen 1070:1133 hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT) 1070:1138 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 9 73 dep similar 2042:2048 arg1 although 2051:2058 although 2051:2058 although 2051:2058 There was a similar, although delayed, pattern of gene expression and greater ECM collagen with less organization in C constructs in O medium. 28877641 9 73 dep similar 2042:2048 arg1 delayed 2060:2066 delayed 2060:2066 delayed 2060:2066 There was a similar, although delayed, pattern of gene expression and greater ECM collagen with less organization in C constructs in O medium. 28877641 9 74 from organization 2131:2142 arg1 constructs 2149:2158 C constructs 2147:2158 C constructs in O medium 2147:2170 There was a similar, although delayed, pattern of gene expression and greater ECM collagen with less organization in C constructs in O medium. 28877641 8 75 theme BGLAP 1883:1887 arg1 expression 1889:1898 BGLAP expression 1883:1898 BGLAP expression 1883:1898 Significantly higher initial ALPL expression decreased with time, while BGLAP expression increased in HT constructs in O medium, and the constructs had the most abundant ECM components and ultrastructural organization. 28877641 3 76 theme unique 707:712 arg1 viability 714:722 unique viability 707:722 unique viability 707:722 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 2 77 theme graft 313:317 arg1 combinations 328:339 bone graft scaffold combinations 308:339 bone graft scaffold combinations 308:339 This investigation was designed to identify adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) and bone graft scaffold combinations for local, targeted restoration of gene expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. 28877641 9 78 theme gene 2080:2083 arg1 expression 2085:2094 gene expression 2080:2094 gene expression 2080:2094 There was a similar, although delayed, pattern of gene expression and greater ECM collagen with less organization in C constructs in O medium. 28877641 11 79 theme scaffold 2402:2409 arg1 composition 2411:2421 bone scaffold composition 2397:2421 bone scaffold composition 2397:2421 These results suggest that bone scaffold composition may be used to selectively target specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways in ASC constructs to stimulate ECM deposition based on therapeutic needs. 28877641 2 80 theme targeted 352:359 arg1 restoration 361:371 local, targeted restoration 345:371 restoration 361:371 This investigation was designed to identify adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) and bone graft scaffold combinations for local, targeted restoration of gene expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. 28877641 4 81 theme I 1047:1047 arg1 C 1066:1066 C 1066:1066 C 1066:1066 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 81 theme I 1047:1047 arg1 collagen 1056:1063 type I bovine collagen 1042:1063 type I bovine collagen (C) 1042:1067 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 81 theme I 1047:1047 arg1 materials 1031:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 2 82 theme local 345:349 arg1 restoration 361:371 local, targeted restoration 345:371 restoration 361:371 This investigation was designed to identify adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) and bone graft scaffold combinations for local, targeted restoration of gene expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. 28877641 9 83 theme O 2163:2163 arg1 medium 2165:2170 O medium 2163:2170 O medium 2163:2170 There was a similar, although delayed, pattern of gene expression and greater ECM collagen with less organization in C constructs in O medium. 28877641 3 84 from isolates 653:660 arg1 scaffolds 685:693 distinct bone graft scaffolds 665:693 distinct bone graft scaffolds 665:693 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 10 85 theme CNR1 2180:2183 arg1 expression 2185:2194 Higher CNR1 expression 2173:2194 Higher CNR1 expression in C 2173:2199 Higher CNR1 expression in C versus higher TNFRSF11B/TNFSF11 expression in HT constructs throughout the study support stimulation of unique osteogenic signaling pathways by identical cell isolates. 28877641 2 86 theme cell 293:296 arg1 ASC 299:301 adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) 257:302 adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) 257:302 This investigation was designed to identify adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) and bone graft scaffold combinations for local, targeted restoration of gene expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. 28877641 8 87 theme abundant 1972:1979 arg1 components 1985:1994 the most abundant ECM components 1963:1994 the most abundant ECM components 1963:1994 Significantly higher initial ALPL expression decreased with time, while BGLAP expression increased in HT constructs in O medium, and the constructs had the most abundant ECM components and ultrastructural organization. 28877641 7 88 from Effects 1730:1736 arg1 viability 1787:1795 cell viability 1782:1795 cell viability 1782:1795 Effects of scaffold, medium, or culture duration on cell viability were minimal. 28877641 10 89 theme TNFRSF11B/TNFSF11 2215:2231 arg1 expression 2233:2242 higher TNFRSF11B/TNFSF11 expression 2208:2242 higher TNFRSF11B/TNFSF11 expression in HT constructs throughout the study 2208:2280 Higher CNR1 expression in C versus higher TNFRSF11B/TNFSF11 expression in HT constructs throughout the study support stimulation of unique osteogenic signaling pathways by identical cell isolates. 28877641 3 90 theme stromal 582:588 arg1 OS 598:599 OS 598:599 OS 598:599 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 3 90 theme stromal 582:588 arg1 medium 590:595 stromal medium 582:595 stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis 582:632 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 1 91 theme Osteogenic 140:149 arg1 disruption 174:183 Osteogenic cell signaling pathway disruption 140:183 Osteogenic cell signaling pathway disruption 140:183 Osteogenic cell signaling pathway disruption varies among bone diseases. 28877641 3 92 contain have 861:864 arg2 production 913:922 ECM production 909:922 ECM production 909:922 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 3 92 contain have 861:864 arg2 differentiation 892:906 differentiation 892:906 differentiation 892:906 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 3 92 contain have 861:864 arg2 viability 881:889 different cell viability 866:889 different cell viability 866:889 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 3 92 contain have 861:864 arg2 expression 934:943 gene expression 929:943 gene expression 929:943 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 3 92 contain have 861:864 arg1 combinations 848:859 (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations 810:859 (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations 810:859 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 8 93 theme ultrastructural 2000:2014 arg1 organization 2016:2027 ultrastructural organization 2000:2027 ultrastructural organization 2000:2027 Significantly higher initial ALPL expression decreased with time, while BGLAP expression increased in HT constructs in O medium, and the constructs had the most abundant ECM components and ultrastructural organization. 28877641 1 94 theme signaling 156:164 arg1 disruption 174:183 Osteogenic cell signaling pathway disruption 140:183 Osteogenic cell signaling pathway disruption 140:183 Osteogenic cell signaling pathway disruption varies among bone diseases. 28877641 3 95 theme identical 814:822 arg1 combinations 848:859 (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations 810:859 (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations 810:859 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 4 96 theme phosphate + type 1100:1115 arg1 materials 1031:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 96 theme phosphate + type 1100:1115 arg1 HT 1136:1137 HT 1136:1137 HT 1136:1137 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 96 theme phosphate + type 1100:1115 arg1 collagen 1126:1133 hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen 1070:1133 hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT) 1070:1138 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 2 97 link adipose-derived 257:271 arg1 ASC 299:301 adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) 257:302 adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) 257:302 This investigation was designed to identify adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) and bone graft scaffold combinations for local, targeted restoration of gene expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. 28877641 10 98 theme osteogenic 2312:2321 arg1 pathways 2333:2340 unique osteogenic signaling pathways 2305:2340 unique osteogenic signaling pathways 2305:2340 Higher CNR1 expression in C versus higher TNFRSF11B/TNFSF11 expression in HT constructs throughout the study support stimulation of unique osteogenic signaling pathways by identical cell isolates. 28877641 4 99 theme bovine 1119:1124 arg1 materials 1031:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 99 theme bovine 1119:1124 arg1 HT 1136:1137 HT 1136:1137 HT 1136:1137 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 99 theme bovine 1119:1124 arg1 collagen 1126:1133 hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen 1070:1133 hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT) 1070:1138 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 0 100 theme Adipose-Derived 97:111 arg1 Cells 133:137 Adult Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells 91:137 Adult Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells 91:137 Collagen and Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Activate Distinct Osteogenesis Signaling Pathways in Adult Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells. 28877641 10 101 from expression 2185:2194 arg1 C 2199:2199 C 2199:2199 C 2199:2199 Higher CNR1 expression in C versus higher TNFRSF11B/TNFSF11 expression in HT constructs throughout the study support stimulation of unique osteogenic signaling pathways by identical cell isolates. 28877641 11 102 theme cell 2477:2480 arg1 pathways 2492:2499 specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways 2457:2499 specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways in ASC constructs to stimulate ECM deposition based on therapeutic needs 2457:2572 These results suggest that bone scaffold composition may be used to selectively target specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways in ASC constructs to stimulate ECM deposition based on therapeutic needs. 28877641 11 103 used used 2430:2433 arg2 composition 2411:2421 bone scaffold composition 2397:2421 bone scaffold composition 2397:2421 These results suggest that bone scaffold composition may be used to selectively target specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways in ASC constructs to stimulate ECM deposition based on therapeutic needs. 28877641 4 104 theme bovine 1177:1182 arg1 materials 1031:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 104 theme bovine 1177:1182 arg1 CT 1194:1195 CT 1194:1195 CT 1194:1195 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 104 theme bovine 1177:1182 arg1 collagen 1184:1191 β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen 1145:1191 β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) 1145:1196 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 0 105 theme Stromal 125:131 arg1 Cells 133:137 Adult Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells 91:137 Adult Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells 91:137 Collagen and Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Activate Distinct Osteogenesis Signaling Pathways in Adult Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells. 28877641 3 106 dep stromal 518:524 arg1 S 527:527 S 527:527 S 527:527 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 3 107 theme graft 833:837 arg1 combinations 848:859 (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations 810:859 (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations 810:859 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 3 108 theme culture 790:796 arg1 conditions 798:807 the same culture conditions 781:807 the same culture conditions 781:807 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 8 109 contain had 1959:1961 arg1 constructs 1948:1957 the constructs 1944:1957 the constructs 1944:1957 Significantly higher initial ALPL expression decreased with time, while BGLAP expression increased in HT constructs in O medium, and the constructs had the most abundant ECM components and ultrastructural organization. 28877641 8 109 contain had 1959:1961 arg2 components 1985:1994 the most abundant ECM components 1963:1994 the most abundant ECM components 1963:1994 Significantly higher initial ALPL expression decreased with time, while BGLAP expression increased in HT constructs in O medium, and the constructs had the most abundant ECM components and ultrastructural organization. 28877641 8 109 contain had 1959:1961 arg2 organization 2016:2027 ultrastructural organization 2000:2027 ultrastructural organization 2000:2027 Significantly higher initial ALPL expression decreased with time, while BGLAP expression increased in HT constructs in O medium, and the constructs had the most abundant ECM components and ultrastructural organization. 28877641 10 110 theme unique 2305:2310 arg1 pathways 2333:2340 unique osteogenic signaling pathways 2305:2340 unique osteogenic signaling pathways 2305:2340 Higher CNR1 expression in C versus higher TNFRSF11B/TNFSF11 expression in HT constructs throughout the study support stimulation of unique osteogenic signaling pathways by identical cell isolates. 28877641 11 111 theme ASC 2504:2506 arg1 constructs 2508:2517 ASC constructs 2504:2517 ASC constructs to stimulate ECM deposition based on therapeutic needs 2504:2572 These results suggest that bone scaffold composition may be used to selectively target specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways in ASC constructs to stimulate ECM deposition based on therapeutic needs. 28877641 2 112 theme deposition 423:432 arg1 restoration 361:371 local, targeted restoration 345:371 restoration 361:371 This investigation was designed to identify adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) and bone graft scaffold combinations for local, targeted restoration of gene expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. 28877641 10 113 from expression 2233:2242 arg1 constructs 2250:2259 HT constructs 2247:2259 HT constructs throughout the study 2247:2280 Higher CNR1 expression in C versus higher TNFRSF11B/TNFSF11 expression in HT constructs throughout the study support stimulation of unique osteogenic signaling pathways by identical cell isolates. 28877641 3 114 theme different 866:874 arg1 viability 881:889 different cell viability 866:889 different cell viability 866:889 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 4 115 theme phosphate + type 1158:1173 arg1 materials 1031:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 115 theme phosphate + type 1158:1173 arg1 CT 1194:1195 CT 1194:1195 CT 1194:1195 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 115 theme phosphate + type 1158:1173 arg1 collagen 1184:1191 β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen 1145:1191 β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) 1145:1196 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 3 116 theme graft 466:470 arg1 materials 472:480 bone graft materials 461:480 bone graft materials 461:480 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 3 117 dep combinations 848:859 arg1 2 811:811 2 811:811 2 811:811 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 3 118 theme ECM 909:911 arg1 production 913:922 ECM production 909:922 ECM production 909:922 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 11 119 dep therapeutic 2556:2566 arg1 needs 2568:2572 needs 2568:2572 needs 2568:2572 These results suggest that bone scaffold composition may be used to selectively target specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways in ASC constructs to stimulate ECM deposition based on therapeutic needs. 28877641 0 120 theme Distinct 47:54 arg1 Pathways 79:86 Distinct Osteogenesis Signaling Pathways 47:86 Distinct Osteogenesis Signaling Pathways 47:86 Collagen and Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Activate Distinct Osteogenesis Signaling Pathways in Adult Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells. 28877641 7 121 theme cell 1782:1785 arg1 viability 1787:1795 cell viability 1782:1795 cell viability 1782:1795 Effects of scaffold, medium, or culture duration on cell viability were minimal. 28877641 11 122 theme specific 2457:2464 arg1 pathways 2492:2499 specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways 2457:2499 specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways in ASC constructs to stimulate ECM deposition based on therapeutic needs 2457:2572 These results suggest that bone scaffold composition may be used to selectively target specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways in ASC constructs to stimulate ECM deposition based on therapeutic needs. 28877641 8 123 theme higher 1825:1830 arg1 expression 1845:1854 Significantly higher initial ALPL expression 1811:1854 Significantly higher initial ALPL expression 1811:1854 Significantly higher initial ALPL expression decreased with time, while BGLAP expression increased in HT constructs in O medium, and the constructs had the most abundant ECM components and ultrastructural organization. 28877641 3 124 theme two-part 614:621 arg1 hypothesis 623:632 the two-part hypothesis 610:632 the two-part hypothesis 610:632 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 0 125 theme Signaling 69:77 arg1 Pathways 79:86 Distinct Osteogenesis Signaling Pathways 47:86 Distinct Osteogenesis Signaling Pathways 47:86 Collagen and Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Activate Distinct Osteogenesis Signaling Pathways in Adult Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells. 28877641 7 126 theme duration 1770:1777 arg1 Effects 1730:1736 Effects 1730:1736 Effects of scaffold, medium, or culture duration on cell viability 1730:1795 Effects of scaffold, medium, or culture duration on cell viability were minimal. 28877641 3 127 theme gene 929:932 arg1 expression 934:943 gene expression 929:943 gene expression 929:943 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 3 128 theme ASC 441:443 arg1 osteogenesis 445:456 Human ASC osteogenesis 435:456 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials 435:480 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 8 129 theme ALPL 1840:1843 arg1 expression 1845:1854 Significantly higher initial ALPL expression 1811:1854 Significantly higher initial ALPL expression 1811:1854 Significantly higher initial ALPL expression decreased with time, while BGLAP expression increased in HT constructs in O medium, and the constructs had the most abundant ECM components and ultrastructural organization. 28877641 3 130 theme identical 639:647 arg1 isolates 653:660 (1) identical ASC isolates 635:660 (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds 635:693 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 2 131 theme gene 376:379 arg1 expression 381:390 gene expression 376:390 gene expression 376:390 This investigation was designed to identify adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) and bone graft scaffold combinations for local, targeted restoration of gene expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. 28877641 4 132 theme graft 1016:1020 arg1 collagen 1184:1191 β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen 1145:1191 β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) 1145:1196 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 132 theme graft 1016:1020 arg1 collagen 1056:1063 type I bovine collagen 1042:1063 type I bovine collagen (C) 1042:1067 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 132 theme graft 1016:1020 arg1 materials 1031:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials 982:1039 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 4 132 theme graft 1016:1020 arg1 collagen 1126:1133 hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen 1070:1133 hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT) 1070:1138 Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. 28877641 5 133 theme flask 1277:1281 arg1 bioreactor 1283:1292 a spinner flask bioreactor 1267:1292 a spinner flask bioreactor 1267:1292 Passage 3 ASCs were loaded onto scaffold blocks with a spinner flask bioreactor, and constructs were cultured up to 28 days. 28877641 7 134 theme medium 1751:1756 arg1 Effects 1730:1736 Effects 1730:1736 Effects of scaffold, medium, or culture duration on cell viability 1730:1795 Effects of scaffold, medium, or culture duration on cell viability were minimal. 28877641 10 135 theme cell 2355:2358 arg1 isolates 2360:2367 identical cell isolates 2345:2367 identical cell isolates 2345:2367 Higher CNR1 expression in C versus higher TNFRSF11B/TNFSF11 expression in HT constructs throughout the study support stimulation of unique osteogenic signaling pathways by identical cell isolates. 28877641 9 136 theme ECM 2108:2110 arg1 collagen 2112:2119 greater ECM collagen 2100:2119 greater ECM collagen 2100:2119 There was a similar, although delayed, pattern of gene expression and greater ECM collagen with less organization in C constructs in O medium. 28877641 3 137 theme distinct 665:672 arg1 scaffolds 685:693 distinct bone graft scaffolds 665:693 distinct bone graft scaffolds 665:693 Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. 28877641 2 138 theme matrix 410:415 arg1 deposition 423:432 extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition 396:432 extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition 396:432 This investigation was designed to identify adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) and bone graft scaffold combinations for local, targeted restoration of gene expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. 28877641 8 139 theme O 1930:1930 arg1 medium 1932:1937 O medium 1930:1937 O medium 1930:1937 Significantly higher initial ALPL expression decreased with time, while BGLAP expression increased in HT constructs in O medium, and the constructs had the most abundant ECM components and ultrastructural organization. 28164729 7 0 theme isoimperatorin 1091:1104 arg1 contents 1029:1036 the contents 1025:1036 the contents of quercetin, isopsoralen, icarisideII, osthole, and isoimperatorin 1025:1104 Within BSHXD the contents of quercetin, isopsoralen, icarisideII, osthole, and isoimperatorin increased remarkably compared with those in single herb which make up BSHXD, the contents were 0.1999, 0.4634, 0.0928, 0.5364, and 0.1487 mg/g. 28164729 1 1 theme Chinese 154:160 arg1 prescription 171:182 a Chinese medicine prescription 152:182 a Chinese medicine prescription 152:182 CONTEXT BushenHuoxue decoction (BSHXD) is a Chinese medicine prescription, which is composed of nine Chinese medical materials, used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). 28164729 1 1 theme Chinese 154:160 arg1 decoction 131:139 CONTEXT BushenHuoxue decoction 110:139 CONTEXT BushenHuoxue decoction (BSHXD) 110:147 CONTEXT BushenHuoxue decoction (BSHXD) is a Chinese medicine prescription, which is composed of nine Chinese medical materials, used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). 28164729 8 2 theme % 1509:1509 arg1 rates 1431:1435 maximum inhibition rates 1412:1435 maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively 1412:1547 ELISA data displayed that BSHXD and the five compounds mentioned inhibited the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell, with maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively. 28164729 9 3 theme single 1621:1626 arg1 herbs 1628:1632 single herbs 1621:1632 single herbs 1621:1632 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Content changes of 12 compounds in BSHXD and single herbs which comprise the prescription were measured and analyzed. 28164729 1 4 theme medicine 162:169 arg1 prescription 171:182 a Chinese medicine prescription 152:182 a Chinese medicine prescription 152:182 CONTEXT BushenHuoxue decoction (BSHXD) is a Chinese medicine prescription, which is composed of nine Chinese medical materials, used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). 28164729 1 4 theme medicine 162:169 arg1 decoction 131:139 CONTEXT BushenHuoxue decoction 110:139 CONTEXT BushenHuoxue decoction (BSHXD) 110:147 CONTEXT BushenHuoxue decoction (BSHXD) is a Chinese medicine prescription, which is composed of nine Chinese medical materials, used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). 28164729 8 5 theme % 1446:1446 arg1 rates 1431:1435 maximum inhibition rates 1412:1435 maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively 1412:1547 ELISA data displayed that BSHXD and the five compounds mentioned inhibited the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell, with maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively. 28164729 3 6 dep MATERIALS 441:449 arg1 qualitative 517:527 qualitative 517:527 qualitative 517:527 MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). 28164729 3 6 dep MATERIALS 441:449 arg1 composition 476:486 The chemical composition 463:486 The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract 463:511 MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). 28164729 3 7 theme electrospray 593:604 arg1 spectrometry 648:659 electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry 593:659 electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) 593:679 MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). 28164729 3 7 theme electrospray 593:604 arg1 HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS 662:678 HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS 662:678 HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS 662:678 MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). 28164729 3 8 theme ionization 606:615 arg1 spectrometry 648:659 electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry 593:659 electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) 593:679 MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). 28164729 3 8 theme ionization 606:615 arg1 HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS 662:678 HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS 662:678 HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS 662:678 MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). 28164729 0 9 from activity 58:65 arg1 decoction 99:107 decoction 99:107 decoction 99:107 LC-MS/MS analysis and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of components from BushenHuoxue decoction. 28164729 5 10 theme Anti-inflammatory 742:758 arg1 activities 760:769 Anti-inflammatory activities 742:769 Anti-inflammatory activities of target components 742:790 Anti-inflammatory activities of target components were assessed by ELISA at 20 and 100 μg/mL. 28164729 2 11 dep OBJECTIVE 273:281 arg1 develops 294:301 develops 294:301 develops sensitive and convenient LC-MS/MS methods to analyze chemical components from BSHXD, and assess the anti-inflammatory activities thereof 294:438 OBJECTIVE This study develops sensitive and convenient LC-MS/MS methods to analyze chemical components from BSHXD, and assess the anti-inflammatory activities thereof. 28164729 8 12 dep % 1446:1446 arg1 100 μg/mL 1458:1466 100 μg/mL 1458:1466 100 μg/mL 1458:1466 ELISA data displayed that BSHXD and the five compounds mentioned inhibited the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell, with maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively. 28164729 8 12 dep % 1446:1446 arg1 osthole 1449:1455 osthole 1449:1455 osthole 1449:1455 ELISA data displayed that BSHXD and the five compounds mentioned inhibited the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell, with maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively. 28164729 6 13 theme treating 955:962 arg1 OA 964:965 treating OA 955:965 treating OA according to the literature 955:993 RESULTS It is the first time that 88 compounds were qualitatively identified from BSHXD, of which 12 with potential in treating OA according to the literature were quantified. 28164729 4 14 theme reference 689:697 arg1 compounds 699:707 Twelve reference compounds 682:707 Twelve reference compounds 682:707 Twelve reference compounds were analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. 28164729 3 15 theme high-performance 541:556 arg1 chromatography 565:578 high-performance liquid chromatography 541:578 high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) 541:679 MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). 28164729 8 16 theme NO 1360:1361 arg1 expressions 1329:1339 the expressions 1325:1339 the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell 1325:1404 ELISA data displayed that BSHXD and the five compounds mentioned inhibited the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell, with maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively. 28164729 11 17 theme factors 1921:1927 arg1 expression 1890:1899 expression 1890:1899 expression of the inflammatory factors 1890:1927 ELISA results reported that the increased contents of the five compounds could inhibit expression of the inflammatory factors. 28164729 8 18 theme LPS-stimulated 1377:1390 arg1 cell 1401:1404 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell 1377:1404 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell 1377:1404 ELISA data displayed that BSHXD and the five compounds mentioned inhibited the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell, with maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively. 28164729 3 19 theme liquid 558:563 arg1 chromatography 565:578 high-performance liquid chromatography 541:578 high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) 541:679 MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). 28164729 11 20 theme increased 1835:1843 arg1 contents 1845:1852 the increased contents 1831:1852 the increased contents of the five compounds 1831:1874 ELISA results reported that the increased contents of the five compounds could inhibit expression of the inflammatory factors. 28164729 7 21 theme single 1150:1155 arg1 herb 1157:1160 single herb 1150:1160 single herb which make up BSHXD, the contents were 0.1999, 0.4634, 0.0928, 0.5364, and 0.1487 mg/g 1150:1247 Within BSHXD the contents of quercetin, isopsoralen, icarisideII, osthole, and isoimperatorin increased remarkably compared with those in single herb which make up BSHXD, the contents were 0.1999, 0.4634, 0.0928, 0.5364, and 0.1487 mg/g. 28164729 8 22 attach released 1363:1370 arg2 TNF-α 1344:1348 TNF-α 1344:1348 TNF-α 1344:1348 ELISA data displayed that BSHXD and the five compounds mentioned inhibited the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell, with maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively. 28164729 8 22 attach released 1363:1370 arg1 cell 1401:1404 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell 1377:1404 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell 1377:1404 ELISA data displayed that BSHXD and the five compounds mentioned inhibited the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell, with maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively. 28164729 2 23 theme sensitive 303:311 arg1 methods 337:343 sensitive and convenient LC-MS/MS methods 303:343 sensitive and convenient LC-MS/MS methods 303:343 OBJECTIVE This study develops sensitive and convenient LC-MS/MS methods to analyze chemical components from BSHXD, and assess the anti-inflammatory activities thereof. 28164729 6 24 dep time 860:863 arg1 identified 902:911 identified 902:911 identified 902:911 RESULTS It is the first time that 88 compounds were qualitatively identified from BSHXD, of which 12 with potential in treating OA according to the literature were quantified. 28164729 10 25 theme chemical 1784:1791 arg1 reaction 1793:1800 chemical reaction 1784:1800 chemical reaction 1784:1800 Contents of five compounds increased may be explained by solubilization between drugs and chemical reaction. 28164729 0 26 theme LC-MS/MS 0:7 arg1 analysis 9:16 LC-MS/MS analysis 0:16 LC-MS/MS analysis 0:16 LC-MS/MS analysis and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of components from BushenHuoxue decoction. 28164729 9 27 theme compounds 1598:1606 arg1 changes 1584:1590 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Content changes 1550:1590 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Content changes of 12 compounds in BSHXD and single herbs which comprise the prescription 1550:1664 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Content changes of 12 compounds in BSHXD and single herbs which comprise the prescription were measured and analyzed. 28164729 6 28 theme first 854:858 arg1 time 860:863 the first time 850:863 the first time that 88 compounds were qualitatively identified from BSHXD, of which 12 with potential in treating OA according to the literature were quantified 850:1009 RESULTS It is the first time that 88 compounds were qualitatively identified from BSHXD, of which 12 with potential in treating OA according to the literature were quantified. 28164729 6 28 theme first 854:858 arg1 It 844:845 It 844:845 It 844:845 RESULTS It is the first time that 88 compounds were qualitatively identified from BSHXD, of which 12 with potential in treating OA according to the literature were quantified. 28164729 3 29 theme quadrupole 617:626 arg1 spectrometry 648:659 electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry 593:659 electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) 593:679 MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). 28164729 3 29 theme quadrupole 617:626 arg1 HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS 662:678 HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS 662:678 HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS 662:678 MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). 28164729 9 30 from changes 1584:1590 arg1 herbs 1628:1632 single herbs 1621:1632 single herbs 1621:1632 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Content changes of 12 compounds in BSHXD and single herbs which comprise the prescription were measured and analyzed. 28164729 9 30 from changes 1584:1590 arg1 BSHXD 1611:1615 BSHXD 1611:1615 BSHXD 1611:1615 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Content changes of 12 compounds in BSHXD and single herbs which comprise the prescription were measured and analyzed. 28164729 3 31 from extract 505:511 arg1 qualitative 517:527 qualitative 517:527 qualitative 517:527 MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). 28164729 3 31 from extract 505:511 arg1 composition 476:486 The chemical composition 463:486 The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract 463:511 MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). 28164729 1 32 theme CONTEXT 110:116 arg1 BSHXD 142:146 BSHXD 142:146 BSHXD 142:146 CONTEXT BushenHuoxue decoction (BSHXD) is a Chinese medicine prescription, which is composed of nine Chinese medical materials, used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). 28164729 1 32 theme CONTEXT 110:116 arg1 decoction 131:139 CONTEXT BushenHuoxue decoction 110:139 CONTEXT BushenHuoxue decoction (BSHXD) 110:147 CONTEXT BushenHuoxue decoction (BSHXD) is a Chinese medicine prescription, which is composed of nine Chinese medical materials, used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). 28164729 1 32 theme CONTEXT 110:116 arg1 prescription 171:182 a Chinese medicine prescription 152:182 a Chinese medicine prescription 152:182 CONTEXT BushenHuoxue decoction (BSHXD) is a Chinese medicine prescription, which is composed of nine Chinese medical materials, used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). 28164729 3 33 theme chemical 467:474 arg1 qualitative 517:527 qualitative 517:527 qualitative 517:527 MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). 28164729 3 33 theme chemical 467:474 arg1 composition 476:486 The chemical composition 463:486 The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract 463:511 MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). 28164729 8 34 theme RAW264.7 1392:1399 arg1 cell 1401:1404 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell 1377:1404 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell 1377:1404 ELISA data displayed that BSHXD and the five compounds mentioned inhibited the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell, with maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively. 28164729 1 35 theme BushenHuoxue 118:129 arg1 BSHXD 142:146 BSHXD 142:146 BSHXD 142:146 CONTEXT BushenHuoxue decoction (BSHXD) is a Chinese medicine prescription, which is composed of nine Chinese medical materials, used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). 28164729 1 35 theme BushenHuoxue 118:129 arg1 decoction 131:139 CONTEXT BushenHuoxue decoction 110:139 CONTEXT BushenHuoxue decoction (BSHXD) 110:147 CONTEXT BushenHuoxue decoction (BSHXD) is a Chinese medicine prescription, which is composed of nine Chinese medical materials, used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). 28164729 1 35 theme BushenHuoxue 118:129 arg1 prescription 171:182 a Chinese medicine prescription 152:182 a Chinese medicine prescription 152:182 CONTEXT BushenHuoxue decoction (BSHXD) is a Chinese medicine prescription, which is composed of nine Chinese medical materials, used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). 28164729 2 36 theme anti-inflammatory 403:419 arg1 activities 421:430 the anti-inflammatory activities 399:430 the anti-inflammatory activities thereof 399:438 OBJECTIVE This study develops sensitive and convenient LC-MS/MS methods to analyze chemical components from BSHXD, and assess the anti-inflammatory activities thereof. 28164729 8 37 theme ELISA 1250:1254 arg1 data 1256:1259 ELISA data 1250:1259 ELISA data 1250:1259 ELISA data displayed that BSHXD and the five compounds mentioned inhibited the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell, with maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively. 28164729 8 38 dep % 1476:1476 arg1 100 μg/mL 1488:1496 100 μg/mL 1488:1496 100 μg/mL 1488:1496 ELISA data displayed that BSHXD and the five compounds mentioned inhibited the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell, with maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively. 28164729 8 38 dep % 1476:1476 arg1 osthole 1479:1485 osthole 1479:1485 osthole 1479:1485 ELISA data displayed that BSHXD and the five compounds mentioned inhibited the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell, with maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively. 28164729 11 39 theme inflammatory 1908:1919 arg1 factors 1921:1927 the inflammatory factors 1904:1927 the inflammatory factors 1904:1927 ELISA results reported that the increased contents of the five compounds could inhibit expression of the inflammatory factors. 28164729 9 40 theme CONCLUSION 1565:1574 arg1 Content 1576:1582 CONCLUSION Content 1565:1582 CONCLUSION Content 1565:1582 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Content changes of 12 compounds in BSHXD and single herbs which comprise the prescription were measured and analyzed. 28164729 11 41 theme compounds 1866:1874 arg1 contents 1845:1852 the increased contents 1831:1852 the increased contents of the five compounds 1831:1874 ELISA results reported that the increased contents of the five compounds could inhibit expression of the inflammatory factors. 28164729 8 42 theme inhibition 1420:1429 arg1 rates 1431:1435 maximum inhibition rates 1412:1435 maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively 1412:1547 ELISA data displayed that BSHXD and the five compounds mentioned inhibited the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell, with maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively. 28164729 2 43 from BSHXD 381:385 arg1 components 365:374 chemical components 356:374 chemical components from BSHXD 356:385 OBJECTIVE This study develops sensitive and convenient LC-MS/MS methods to analyze chemical components from BSHXD, and assess the anti-inflammatory activities thereof. 28164729 1 44 theme Chinese 211:217 arg1 materials 227:235 nine Chinese medical materials 206:235 nine Chinese medical materials 206:235 CONTEXT BushenHuoxue decoction (BSHXD) is a Chinese medicine prescription, which is composed of nine Chinese medical materials, used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). 28164729 0 45 theme activity 58:65 arg1 evaluation 22:31 evaluation 22:31 evaluation 22:31 LC-MS/MS analysis and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of components from BushenHuoxue decoction. 28164729 0 45 theme activity 58:65 arg1 analysis 9:16 LC-MS/MS analysis 0:16 LC-MS/MS analysis 0:16 LC-MS/MS analysis and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of components from BushenHuoxue decoction. 28164729 3 46 theme time-of-flight 628:641 arg1 spectrometry 648:659 electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry 593:659 electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) 593:679 MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). 28164729 3 46 theme time-of-flight 628:641 arg1 HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS 662:678 HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS 662:678 HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS 662:678 MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). 28164729 3 47 theme water 499:503 arg1 extract 505:511 BSHXD water extract 493:511 BSHXD water extract 493:511 MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). 28164729 0 48 theme anti-inflammatory 40:56 arg1 activity 58:65 the anti-inflammatory activity 36:65 the anti-inflammatory activity of components from BushenHuoxue decoction 36:107 LC-MS/MS analysis and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of components from BushenHuoxue decoction. 28164729 11 49 theme ELISA 1803:1807 arg1 results 1809:1815 ELISA results 1803:1815 ELISA results 1803:1815 ELISA results reported that the increased contents of the five compounds could inhibit expression of the inflammatory factors. 28164729 3 50 theme mass 643:646 arg1 spectrometry 648:659 electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry 593:659 electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) 593:679 MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). 28164729 3 50 theme mass 643:646 arg1 HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS 662:678 HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS 662:678 HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS 662:678 MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). 28164729 7 51 theme icarisideII 1065:1075 arg1 contents 1029:1036 the contents 1025:1036 the contents of quercetin, isopsoralen, icarisideII, osthole, and isoimperatorin 1025:1104 Within BSHXD the contents of quercetin, isopsoralen, icarisideII, osthole, and isoimperatorin increased remarkably compared with those in single herb which make up BSHXD, the contents were 0.1999, 0.4634, 0.0928, 0.5364, and 0.1487 mg/g. 28164729 2 52 theme LC-MS/MS 328:335 arg1 methods 337:343 sensitive and convenient LC-MS/MS methods 303:343 sensitive and convenient LC-MS/MS methods 303:343 OBJECTIVE This study develops sensitive and convenient LC-MS/MS methods to analyze chemical components from BSHXD, and assess the anti-inflammatory activities thereof. 28164729 5 53 theme target 774:779 arg1 components 781:790 target components 774:790 target components 774:790 Anti-inflammatory activities of target components were assessed by ELISA at 20 and 100 μg/mL. 28164729 8 54 theme % 1476:1476 arg1 rates 1431:1435 maximum inhibition rates 1412:1435 maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively 1412:1547 ELISA data displayed that BSHXD and the five compounds mentioned inhibited the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell, with maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively. 28164729 9 55 theme Content 1576:1582 arg1 changes 1584:1590 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Content changes 1550:1590 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Content changes of 12 compounds in BSHXD and single herbs which comprise the prescription 1550:1664 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Content changes of 12 compounds in BSHXD and single herbs which comprise the prescription were measured and analyzed. 28164729 2 56 theme convenient 317:326 arg1 methods 337:343 sensitive and convenient LC-MS/MS methods 303:343 sensitive and convenient LC-MS/MS methods 303:343 OBJECTIVE This study develops sensitive and convenient LC-MS/MS methods to analyze chemical components from BSHXD, and assess the anti-inflammatory activities thereof. 28164729 8 57 theme maximum 1412:1418 arg1 rates 1431:1435 maximum inhibition rates 1412:1435 maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively 1412:1547 ELISA data displayed that BSHXD and the five compounds mentioned inhibited the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell, with maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively. 28164729 1 58 theme medical 219:225 arg1 materials 227:235 nine Chinese medical materials 206:235 nine Chinese medical materials 206:235 CONTEXT BushenHuoxue decoction (BSHXD) is a Chinese medicine prescription, which is composed of nine Chinese medical materials, used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). 28164729 5 59 theme components 781:790 arg1 activities 760:769 Anti-inflammatory activities 742:769 Anti-inflammatory activities of target components 742:790 Anti-inflammatory activities of target components were assessed by ELISA at 20 and 100 μg/mL. 28164729 10 60 theme compounds 1711:1719 arg1 Contents 1694:1701 Contents 1694:1701 Contents of five compounds increased 1694:1729 Contents of five compounds increased may be explained by solubilization between drugs and chemical reaction. 28164729 7 61 theme osthole 1078:1084 arg1 contents 1029:1036 the contents 1025:1036 the contents of quercetin, isopsoralen, icarisideII, osthole, and isoimperatorin 1025:1104 Within BSHXD the contents of quercetin, isopsoralen, icarisideII, osthole, and isoimperatorin increased remarkably compared with those in single herb which make up BSHXD, the contents were 0.1999, 0.4634, 0.0928, 0.5364, and 0.1487 mg/g. 28164729 7 62 theme isopsoralen 1052:1062 arg1 contents 1029:1036 the contents 1025:1036 the contents of quercetin, isopsoralen, icarisideII, osthole, and isoimperatorin 1025:1104 Within BSHXD the contents of quercetin, isopsoralen, icarisideII, osthole, and isoimperatorin increased remarkably compared with those in single herb which make up BSHXD, the contents were 0.1999, 0.4634, 0.0928, 0.5364, and 0.1487 mg/g. 28164729 3 63 theme BSHXD 493:497 arg1 extract 505:511 BSHXD water extract 493:511 BSHXD water extract 493:511 MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition from BSHXD water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). 28164729 8 64 theme TNF-α 1344:1348 arg1 expressions 1329:1339 the expressions 1325:1339 the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell 1325:1404 ELISA data displayed that BSHXD and the five compounds mentioned inhibited the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell, with maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively. 28164729 0 65 theme components 70:79 arg1 activity 58:65 the anti-inflammatory activity 36:65 the anti-inflammatory activity of components from BushenHuoxue decoction 36:107 LC-MS/MS analysis and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of components from BushenHuoxue decoction. 28164729 0 66 from decoction 99:107 arg1 components 70:79 components 70:79 components from BushenHuoxue decoction 70:107 LC-MS/MS analysis and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of components from BushenHuoxue decoction. 28164729 0 66 from decoction 99:107 arg1 activity 58:65 the anti-inflammatory activity 36:65 the anti-inflammatory activity of components from BushenHuoxue decoction 36:107 LC-MS/MS analysis and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of components from BushenHuoxue decoction. 28164729 8 67 theme IL-6 1351:1354 arg1 expressions 1329:1339 the expressions 1325:1339 the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell 1325:1404 ELISA data displayed that BSHXD and the five compounds mentioned inhibited the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell, with maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively. 28164729 8 68 dep isopsoralen 1512:1522 arg1 20 μg/mL 1525:1532 20 μg/mL 1525:1532 20 μg/mL 1525:1532 ELISA data displayed that BSHXD and the five compounds mentioned inhibited the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell, with maximum inhibition rates of 104.05% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), 100.03% (osthole, 100 μg/mL), and 93.46% (isopsoralen, 20 μg/mL), respectively. 28164729 9 69 theme DISCUSSION 1550:1559 arg1 changes 1584:1590 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Content changes 1550:1590 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Content changes of 12 compounds in BSHXD and single herbs which comprise the prescription 1550:1664 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Content changes of 12 compounds in BSHXD and single herbs which comprise the prescription were measured and analyzed. 28164729 7 70 theme quercetin 1041:1049 arg1 contents 1029:1036 the contents 1025:1036 the contents of quercetin, isopsoralen, icarisideII, osthole, and isoimperatorin 1025:1104 Within BSHXD the contents of quercetin, isopsoralen, icarisideII, osthole, and isoimperatorin increased remarkably compared with those in single herb which make up BSHXD, the contents were 0.1999, 0.4634, 0.0928, 0.5364, and 0.1487 mg/g. 28164729 2 71 theme chemical 356:363 arg1 components 365:374 chemical components 356:374 chemical components from BSHXD 356:385 OBJECTIVE This study develops sensitive and convenient LC-MS/MS methods to analyze chemical components from BSHXD, and assess the anti-inflammatory activities thereof. 28164729 6 72 dep RESULTS 836:842 arg1 time 860:863 the first time 850:863 the first time that 88 compounds were qualitatively identified from BSHXD, of which 12 with potential in treating OA according to the literature were quantified 850:1009 RESULTS It is the first time that 88 compounds were qualitatively identified from BSHXD, of which 12 with potential in treating OA according to the literature were quantified. 28164729 6 72 dep RESULTS 836:842 arg1 It 844:845 It 844:845 It 844:845 RESULTS It is the first time that 88 compounds were qualitatively identified from BSHXD, of which 12 with potential in treating OA according to the literature were quantified. 28164729 6 73 from potential 942:950 arg1 OA 964:965 treating OA 955:965 treating OA according to the literature 955:993 RESULTS It is the first time that 88 compounds were qualitatively identified from BSHXD, of which 12 with potential in treating OA according to the literature were quantified. 24944333 4 0 theme NaCl 651:654 arg1 presence 631:638 the presence 627:638 the presence of 0-7.0 % NaCl 627:654 Colonies were circular, entire, low-convex, opaque and 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter after growth for 2 days on TSA at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 4-34 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 0-7.0 % NaCl. 24944333 10 1 theme fatty 1328:1332 arg1 acids 1334:1338 The major cellular fatty acids 1309:1338 The major cellular fatty acids 1309:1338 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (69.1 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.2 %). 24944333 4 2 from Growth 538:543 arg1 growth 503:508 growth 503:508 growth for 2 days on TSA at 30 °C. Growth 503:543 Colonies were circular, entire, low-convex, opaque and 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter after growth for 2 days on TSA at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 4-34 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 0-7.0 % NaCl. 24944333 12 3 theme genotypic 1587:1595 arg1 analyses 1597:1604 our phenotypic and genotypic analyses 1568:1604 our phenotypic and genotypic analyses 1568:1604 On the basis of our phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain DCY80(T) represents a novel species of the genus Brachybacterium, for which the name Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp. 24944333 1 4 theme field 71:75 arg1 soil 53:56 soil 53:56 soil of a ginseng field 53:75 nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field. 24944333 12 5 theme name 1694:1697 arg1 sp 1728:1729 the name Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp 1690:1729 the name Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp 1690:1729 On the basis of our phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain DCY80(T) represents a novel species of the genus Brachybacterium, for which the name Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp. 24944333 7 6 theme strain 933:938 arg1 T 946:946 strain DCY80(T) 933:947 strain DCY80(T) 933:947 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 7 6 theme strain 933:938 arg1 T 1073:1073 T 1073:1073 T 1073:1073 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 7 6 theme strain 933:938 arg1 B. 1012:1013 B. 1012:1013 B. 1012:1013 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 7 6 theme strain 933:938 arg1 T 973:973 T 973:973 T 973:973 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 7 6 theme strain 933:938 arg1 9916 1003:1006 B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916 977:1006 B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T) 977:1009 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 7 6 theme strain 933:938 arg1 T 1039:1039 T 1039:1039 T 1039:1039 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 7 7 dep B. 1046:1047 arg1 conglomeratum 1049:1061 conglomeratum 1049:1061 conglomeratum 1049:1061 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 4 8 theme 0-7.0  643:648 arg1 % 649:649 % 649:649 % 649:649 Colonies were circular, entire, low-convex, opaque and 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter after growth for 2 days on TSA at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 4-34 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 0-7.0 % NaCl. 24944333 4 9 theme 30 531:532 arg1 °C. 534:536 °C. 534:536 °C. 534:536 Colonies were circular, entire, low-convex, opaque and 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter after growth for 2 days on TSA at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 4-34 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 0-7.0 % NaCl. 24944333 4 10 from days 516:519 arg1 TSA 524:526 TSA 524:526 TSA 524:526 Colonies were circular, entire, low-convex, opaque and 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter after growth for 2 days on TSA at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 4-34 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 0-7.0 % NaCl. 24944333 5 11 theme Strain 657:662 arg1 T 670:670 T 670:670 T 670:670 Strain DCY80(T) produced siderophores and was sensitive to penicillin G, erythromycin, cefazolin, oleandomycin, ceftazidime, vancomycin, tetracycline, novobiocin, carbamicillin, rifampicin and neomycin. 24944333 5 11 theme Strain 657:662 arg1 DCY80 664:668 Strain DCY80 657:668 Strain DCY80(T) 657:671 Strain DCY80(T) produced siderophores and was sensitive to penicillin G, erythromycin, cefazolin, oleandomycin, ceftazidime, vancomycin, tetracycline, novobiocin, carbamicillin, rifampicin and neomycin. 24944333 12 12 theme phenotypic 1572:1581 arg1 analyses 1597:1604 our phenotypic and genotypic analyses 1568:1604 our phenotypic and genotypic analyses 1568:1604 On the basis of our phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain DCY80(T) represents a novel species of the genus Brachybacterium, for which the name Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp. 24944333 3 13 theme rRNA 220:223 arg1 analysis 239:246 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 216:246 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 216:246 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY80(T) belonged to the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) and was most closely related to Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %). 24944333 2 14 theme novel 80:84 arg1 bacterium 118:126 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic bacterium 78:126 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic bacterium 78:126 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic bacterium, designed DCY80(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 24944333 2 15 theme field 184:188 arg1 soil 166:169 soil 166:169 soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea 166:213 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic bacterium, designed DCY80(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 24944333 3 16 theme sequence 230:237 arg1 analysis 239:246 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 216:246 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 216:246 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY80(T) belonged to the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) and was most closely related to Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %). 24944333 12 17 theme genus 1657:1661 arg1 Brachybacterium 1663:1677 the genus Brachybacterium 1653:1677 the genus Brachybacterium 1653:1677 On the basis of our phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain DCY80(T) represents a novel species of the genus Brachybacterium, for which the name Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp. 24944333 12 18 dep analyses 1597:1604 arg1 the 1555:1557 the 1555:1557 the 1555:1557 On the basis of our phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain DCY80(T) represents a novel species of the genus Brachybacterium, for which the name Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp. 24944333 12 18 dep analyses 1597:1604 arg1 basis 1559:1563 basis 1559:1563 basis 1559:1563 On the basis of our phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain DCY80(T) represents a novel species of the genus Brachybacterium, for which the name Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp. 24944333 7 19 theme DSM 964:966 arg1 4810 968:971 B. faecium DSM 4810 953:971 B. faecium DSM 4810 953:971 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 13 20 theme  = JCM 1786:1791 arg1 19356 1793:1797 type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356 1750:1797 type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T) 1750:1800 nov. is proposed (type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T)). 24944333 13 20 theme  = JCM 1786:1791 arg1 T 1799:1799 T 1799:1799 T 1799:1799 nov. is proposed (type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T)). 24944333 3 21 theme strain 262:267 arg1 T 275:275 T 275:275 T 275:275 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY80(T) belonged to the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) and was most closely related to Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %). 24944333 3 21 theme strain 262:267 arg1 DCY80 269:273 strain DCY80 262:273 strain DCY80(T) 262:276 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY80(T) belonged to the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) and was most closely related to Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %). 24944333 8 22 contain contained 1187:1195 arg1 peptidoglycan 1154:1166 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1140:1166 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY80(T) 1140:1185 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY80(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24944333 8 22 contain contained 1187:1195 arg2 acid 1248:1251 the diagnostic diamino acid 1225:1251 the diagnostic diamino acid 1225:1251 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY80(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24944333 8 22 contain contained 1187:1195 arg2 acid 1217:1220 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1197:1220 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1197:1220 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY80(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24944333 12 23 theme novel 1636:1640 arg1 species 1642:1648 a novel species 1634:1648 a novel species 1634:1648 On the basis of our phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain DCY80(T) represents a novel species of the genus Brachybacterium, for which the name Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp. 24944333 7 24 theme B. 953:954 arg1 4810 968:971 B. faecium DSM 4810 953:971 B. faecium DSM 4810 953:971 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 7 25 dep B. 977:978 arg1 paraconglomeratum 980:996 paraconglomeratum 980:996 paraconglomeratum 980:996 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 8 26 theme strain 1171:1176 arg1 DCY80 1178:1182 strain DCY80 1171:1182 strain DCY80(T) 1171:1185 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY80(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24944333 8 26 theme strain 1171:1176 arg1 T 1184:1184 T 1184:1184 T 1184:1184 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY80(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24944333 1 27 theme ginseng 63:69 arg1 field 71:75 a ginseng field 61:75 a ginseng field 61:75 nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field. 24944333 7 28 theme DSM 1029:1031 arg1 23186 1033:1037 saurashtrense DSM 23186 1015:1037 saurashtrense DSM 23186 1015:1037 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 11 29 theme unidentified 1478:1489 arg1 phospholipids 1491:1503 two unidentified phospholipids 1474:1503 two unidentified phospholipids 1474:1503 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified polar lipids were found. 24944333 0 30 theme Brachybacterium 0:14 arg1 ginsengisoli 16:27 Brachybacterium ginsengisoli 0:27 Brachybacterium ginsengisoli 0:27 Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp. 24944333 13 31 theme  = KCTC 1770:1776 arg1 19356 1793:1797 type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356 1750:1797 type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T) 1750:1800 nov. is proposed (type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T)). 24944333 13 31 theme  = KCTC 1770:1776 arg1 T 1799:1799 T 1799:1799 T 1799:1799 nov. is proposed (type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T)). 24944333 2 32 from Republic 197:204 arg1 soil 166:169 soil 166:169 soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea 166:213 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic bacterium, designed DCY80(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 24944333 3 33 theme genus 294:298 arg1 similarity 329:338 95.8-98.2 % similarity 317:338 95.8-98.2 % similarity 317:338 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY80(T) belonged to the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) and was most closely related to Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %). 24944333 3 33 theme genus 294:298 arg1 Brachybacterium 300:314 the genus Brachybacterium 290:314 the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) 290:339 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY80(T) belonged to the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) and was most closely related to Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %). 24944333 7 34 theme relatedness 913:923 arg1 Levels 895:900 Levels 895:900 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) 895:1074 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 8 35 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1197:1215 arg1 acid 1248:1251 the diagnostic diamino acid 1225:1251 the diagnostic diamino acid 1225:1251 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY80(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24944333 8 35 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1197:1215 arg1 acid 1217:1220 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1197:1220 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1197:1220 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY80(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24944333 11 36 theme unidentified 1514:1525 arg1 lipids 1533:1538 five unidentified polar lipids 1509:1538 five unidentified polar lipids 1509:1538 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified polar lipids were found. 24944333 13 37 theme DCY80 1762:1766 arg1 19356 1793:1797 type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356 1750:1797 type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T) 1750:1800 nov. is proposed (type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T)). 24944333 13 37 theme DCY80 1762:1766 arg1 T 1799:1799 T 1799:1799 T 1799:1799 nov. is proposed (type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T)). 24944333 3 38 theme % 327:327 arg1 similarity 329:338 95.8-98.2 % similarity 317:338 95.8-98.2 % similarity 317:338 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY80(T) belonged to the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) and was most closely related to Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %). 24944333 3 38 theme % 327:327 arg1 Brachybacterium 300:314 the genus Brachybacterium 290:314 the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) 290:339 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY80(T) belonged to the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) and was most closely related to Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %). 24944333 2 39 dep Gram-staining-positive 86:107 arg1 aerobic 110:116 aerobic 110:116 aerobic 110:116 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic bacterium, designed DCY80(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 24944333 4 40 from diameter 488:495 arg1 circular 433:440 circular 433:440 circular 433:440 Colonies were circular, entire, low-convex, opaque and 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter after growth for 2 days on TSA at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 4-34 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 0-7.0 % NaCl. 24944333 10 41 theme cellular 1319:1326 arg1 acids 1334:1338 The major cellular fatty acids 1309:1338 The major cellular fatty acids 1309:1338 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (69.1 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.2 %). 24944333 13 42 theme T 1768:1768 arg1 19356 1793:1797 type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356 1750:1797 type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T) 1750:1800 nov. is proposed (type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T)). 24944333 13 42 theme T 1768:1768 arg1 T 1799:1799 T 1799:1799 T 1799:1799 nov. is proposed (type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T)). 24944333 7 43 theme KCTC 998:1001 arg1 T 1008:1008 T 1008:1008 T 1008:1008 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 7 43 theme KCTC 998:1001 arg1 T 946:946 strain DCY80(T) 933:947 strain DCY80(T) 933:947 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 7 43 theme KCTC 998:1001 arg1 9916 1003:1006 B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916 977:1006 B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T) 977:1009 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 8 44 theme diagnostic 1229:1238 arg1 acid 1248:1251 the diagnostic diamino acid 1225:1251 the diagnostic diamino acid 1225:1251 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY80(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24944333 8 44 theme diagnostic 1229:1238 arg1 acid 1217:1220 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1197:1220 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1197:1220 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY80(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24944333 7 45 dep T 946:946 arg1 23186 1033:1037 saurashtrense DSM 23186 1015:1037 saurashtrense DSM 23186 1015:1037 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 3 46 dep Brachybacterium 373:387 arg1 faecium 389:395 faecium 389:395 faecium 389:395 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY80(T) belonged to the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) and was most closely related to Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %). 24944333 7 47 theme B. 977:978 arg1 T 1008:1008 T 1008:1008 T 1008:1008 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 7 47 theme B. 977:978 arg1 T 946:946 strain DCY80(T) 933:947 strain DCY80(T) 933:947 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 7 47 theme B. 977:978 arg1 9916 1003:1006 B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916 977:1006 B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T) 977:1009 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 11 48 theme polar 1527:1531 arg1 lipids 1533:1538 five unidentified polar lipids 1509:1538 five unidentified polar lipids 1509:1538 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified polar lipids were found. 24944333 13 49 theme type 1750:1753 arg1 19356 1793:1797 type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356 1750:1797 type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T) 1750:1800 nov. is proposed (type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T)). 24944333 13 49 theme type 1750:1753 arg1 T 1799:1799 T 1799:1799 T 1799:1799 nov. is proposed (type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T)). 24944333 12 50 theme strain 1607:1612 arg1 DCY80 1614:1618 strain DCY80 1607:1618 strain DCY80(T) 1607:1621 On the basis of our phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain DCY80(T) represents a novel species of the genus Brachybacterium, for which the name Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp. 24944333 12 50 theme strain 1607:1612 arg1 T 1620:1620 T 1620:1620 T 1620:1620 On the basis of our phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain DCY80(T) represents a novel species of the genus Brachybacterium, for which the name Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp. 24944333 6 51 theme DNA 864:866 arg1 % 892:892 71.0 mol% 884:892 71.0 mol% 884:892 The DNA G+C content was 71.0 mol%. 24944333 6 51 theme DNA 864:866 arg1 content 872:878 The DNA G+C content 860:878 The DNA G+C content 860:878 The DNA G+C content was 71.0 mol%. 24944333 11 52 theme unidentified 1449:1460 arg1 glycolipid 1462:1471 an unidentified glycolipid 1446:1471 an unidentified glycolipid 1446:1471 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified polar lipids were found. 24944333 4 53 theme % 649:649 arg1 NaCl 651:654 0-7.0 % NaCl 643:654 0-7.0 % NaCl 643:654 Colonies were circular, entire, low-convex, opaque and 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter after growth for 2 days on TSA at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 4-34 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 0-7.0 % NaCl. 24944333 2 54 theme Gram-staining-positive 86:107 arg1 bacterium 118:126 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic bacterium 78:126 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic bacterium 78:126 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic bacterium, designed DCY80(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 24944333 12 55 theme ginsengisoli 1715:1726 arg1 sp 1728:1729 the name Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp 1690:1729 the name Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp 1690:1729 On the basis of our phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain DCY80(T) represents a novel species of the genus Brachybacterium, for which the name Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp. 24944333 2 56 from soil 166:169 arg1 Republic 197:204 the Republic 193:204 the Republic of Korea 193:213 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic bacterium, designed DCY80(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 24944333 4 57 dep optimum 599:605 arg1 pH 608:609 pH 6.5-7.0 608:617 pH 6.5-7.0 608:617 Colonies were circular, entire, low-convex, opaque and 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter after growth for 2 days on TSA at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 4-34 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 0-7.0 % NaCl. 24944333 12 58 theme Brachybacterium 1699:1713 arg1 sp 1728:1729 the name Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp 1690:1729 the name Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp 1690:1729 On the basis of our phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain DCY80(T) represents a novel species of the genus Brachybacterium, for which the name Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp. 24944333 3 59 theme gene 225:228 arg1 analysis 239:246 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 216:246 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 216:246 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY80(T) belonged to the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) and was most closely related to Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %). 24944333 12 60 theme Brachybacterium 1663:1677 arg1 species 1642:1648 a novel species 1634:1648 a novel species 1634:1648 On the basis of our phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain DCY80(T) represents a novel species of the genus Brachybacterium, for which the name Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp. 24944333 3 61 theme 16S 216:218 arg1 rRNA 220:223 16S rRNA 216:223 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 216:246 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY80(T) belonged to the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) and was most closely related to Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %). 24944333 13 62 dep proposed 1740:1747 arg1 19356 1793:1797 type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356 1750:1797 type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T) 1750:1800 nov. is proposed (type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T)). 24944333 13 62 dep proposed 1740:1747 arg1 T 1799:1799 T 1799:1799 T 1799:1799 nov. is proposed (type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T)). 24944333 7 63 theme KCTC 1063:1066 arg1 9915 1068:1071 B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915 1046:1071 B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915 1046:1071 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 2 64 theme ginseng 176:182 arg1 field 184:188 a ginseng field 174:188 a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea 174:213 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic bacterium, designed DCY80(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 24944333 7 65 theme B. 1046:1047 arg1 9915 1068:1071 B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915 1046:1071 B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915 1046:1071 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 2 66 theme Korea 209:213 arg1 Republic 197:204 the Republic 193:204 the Republic of Korea 193:213 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic bacterium, designed DCY80(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 24944333 8 67 theme cell-wall 1144:1152 arg1 peptidoglycan 1154:1166 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1140:1166 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY80(T) 1140:1185 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY80(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24944333 4 68 theme °C. 534:536 arg1 Growth 538:543 30 °C. Growth 531:543 30 °C. Growth 531:543 Colonies were circular, entire, low-convex, opaque and 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter after growth for 2 days on TSA at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 4-34 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 0-7.0 % NaCl. 24944333 0 69 dep sp 29:30 arg1 ginsengisoli 16:27 Brachybacterium ginsengisoli 0:27 Brachybacterium ginsengisoli 0:27 Brachybacterium ginsengisoli sp. 24944333 8 70 theme DCY80 1178:1182 arg1 peptidoglycan 1154:1166 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1140:1166 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY80(T) 1140:1185 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY80(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24944333 7 71 theme saurashtrense 1015:1027 arg1 23186 1033:1037 saurashtrense DSM 23186 1015:1037 saurashtrense DSM 23186 1015:1037 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 4 72 dep optimum 566:572 arg1 °C 578:579 25 °C 575:579 25 °C 575:579 Colonies were circular, entire, low-convex, opaque and 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter after growth for 2 days on TSA at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 4-34 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 0-7.0 % NaCl. 24944333 2 73 from field 184:188 arg1 Republic 197:204 the Republic 193:204 the Republic of Korea 193:213 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic bacterium, designed DCY80(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 24944333 2 74 attach isolated 152:159 arg1 soil 166:169 soil 166:169 soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea 166:213 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic bacterium, designed DCY80(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 24944333 2 74 attach isolated 152:159 arg2 bacterium 118:126 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic bacterium 78:126 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic bacterium 78:126 A novel Gram-staining-positive, aerobic bacterium, designed DCY80(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea. 24944333 3 75 theme 95.8-98.2  317:326 arg1 similarity 329:338 95.8-98.2 % similarity 317:338 95.8-98.2 % similarity 317:338 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY80(T) belonged to the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) and was most closely related to Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %). 24944333 3 75 theme 95.8-98.2  317:326 arg1 Brachybacterium 300:314 the genus Brachybacterium 290:314 the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) 290:339 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY80(T) belonged to the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) and was most closely related to Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %). 24944333 7 76 theme DNA-DNA 905:911 arg1 relatedness 913:923 DNA-DNA relatedness 905:923 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) 905:1074 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 5 77 theme penicillin 716:725 arg1 G 727:727 penicillin G 716:727 penicillin G 716:727 Strain DCY80(T) produced siderophores and was sensitive to penicillin G, erythromycin, cefazolin, oleandomycin, ceftazidime, vancomycin, tetracycline, novobiocin, carbamicillin, rifampicin and neomycin. 24944333 7 78 dep B. 953:954 arg1 faecium 956:962 faecium 956:962 faecium 956:962 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY80(T) and B. faecium DSM 4810(T), B. paraconglomeratum KCTC 9916(T), B. saurashtrense DSM 23186(T) and B. conglomeratum KCTC 9915(T) were 46.9±0.5, 28.9±0.6, 20.4±0.9 and 17.3±0.4 %, respectively. 24944333 3 79 theme DSM 397:399 arg1 T 406:406 T 406:406 T 406:406 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY80(T) belonged to the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) and was most closely related to Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %). 24944333 3 79 theme DSM 397:399 arg1 4810 401:404 Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810 373:404 Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %) 373:416 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY80(T) belonged to the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) and was most closely related to Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %). 24944333 3 79 theme DSM 397:399 arg1 % 415:415 98.2 % 410:415 98.2 % 410:415 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY80(T) belonged to the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) and was most closely related to Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %). 24944333 4 80 from circular 433:440 arg1 diameter 488:495 diameter 488:495 diameter 488:495 Colonies were circular, entire, low-convex, opaque and 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter after growth for 2 days on TSA at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 4-34 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and in the presence of 0-7.0 % NaCl. 24944333 13 81 theme T 1784:1784 arg1 19356 1793:1797 type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356 1750:1797 type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T) 1750:1800 nov. is proposed (type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T)). 24944333 13 81 theme T 1784:1784 arg1 T 1799:1799 T 1799:1799 T 1799:1799 nov. is proposed (type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T)). 24944333 3 82 theme Brachybacterium 373:387 arg1 T 406:406 T 406:406 T 406:406 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY80(T) belonged to the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) and was most closely related to Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %). 24944333 3 82 theme Brachybacterium 373:387 arg1 4810 401:404 Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810 373:404 Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %) 373:416 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY80(T) belonged to the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) and was most closely related to Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %). 24944333 3 82 theme Brachybacterium 373:387 arg1 % 415:415 98.2 % 410:415 98.2 % 410:415 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY80(T) belonged to the genus Brachybacterium (95.8-98.2 % similarity) and was most closely related to Brachybacterium faecium DSM 4810(T) (98.2 %). 24944333 6 83 theme mol 889:891 arg1 % 892:892 71.0 mol% 884:892 71.0 mol% 884:892 The DNA G+C content was 71.0 mol%. 24944333 6 83 theme mol 889:891 arg1 content 872:878 The DNA G+C content 860:878 The DNA G+C content 860:878 The DNA G+C content was 71.0 mol%. 24944333 8 84 theme diamino 1240:1246 arg1 acid 1248:1251 the diagnostic diamino acid 1225:1251 the diagnostic diamino acid 1225:1251 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY80(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24944333 8 84 theme diamino 1240:1246 arg1 acid 1217:1220 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1197:1220 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1197:1220 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY80(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24944333 10 85 theme major 1313:1317 arg1 acids 1334:1338 The major cellular fatty acids 1309:1338 The major cellular fatty acids 1309:1338 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (69.1 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12.2 %). 24944333 6 86 theme G+C 868:870 arg1 % 892:892 71.0 mol% 884:892 71.0 mol% 884:892 The DNA G+C content was 71.0 mol%. 24944333 6 86 theme G+C 868:870 arg1 content 872:878 The DNA G+C content 860:878 The DNA G+C content 860:878 The DNA G+C content was 71.0 mol%. 24944333 13 87 theme strain 1755:1760 arg1 19356 1793:1797 type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356 1750:1797 type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T) 1750:1800 nov. is proposed (type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T)). 24944333 13 87 theme strain 1755:1760 arg1 T 1799:1799 T 1799:1799 T 1799:1799 nov. is proposed (type strain DCY80(T) = KCTC 29226(T) = JCM 19356(T)). 25813363 10 0 dep neighbours 1175:1184 arg1 similarity 1203:1212 96.5 and 96.2 % similarity 1187:1212 96.5 and 96.2 % similarity 1187:1212 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 7 1 theme G+C 647:649 arg1 content 651:657 The DNA G+C content 639:657 The DNA G+C content 639:657 The DNA G+C content was 40.5 mol%. 25813363 7 1 theme G+C 647:649 arg1 % 671:671 40.5 mol% 663:671 40.5 mol% 663:671 The DNA G+C content was 40.5 mol%. 25813363 10 2 dep similarity 1203:1212 arg1 % 1201:1201 % 1201:1201 % 1201:1201 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 6 3 dep 12 622:623 arg1 to 619:620 to 619:620 to 619:620 The isolate grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.5, and could grow with up to 12 % (w/v) NaCl. 25813363 11 4 theme subseafloor 1282:1292 arg1 crust 1303:1307 deep subseafloor basaltic crust 1277:1307 deep subseafloor basaltic crust 1277:1307 This is the first novel species described from deep subseafloor basaltic crust. 25813363 8 5 theme fatty 693:697 arg1 acids 699:703 The major cellular fatty acids 674:703 The major cellular fatty acids 674:703 The major cellular fatty acids were C16:1ω11c (26.5 %), anteiso-C15:0 (19.5 %), C16:0 (18.7 %) and iso-C15:0 (10.4 %), and the cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25813363 8 5 theme fatty 693:697 arg1 C16:1ω11c 710:718 C16:1ω11c 710:718 C16:1ω11c (26.5 %) 710:727 The major cellular fatty acids were C16:1ω11c (26.5 %), anteiso-C15:0 (19.5 %), C16:0 (18.7 %) and iso-C15:0 (10.4 %), and the cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25813363 11 6 theme novel 1248:1252 arg1 species 1254:1260 the first novel species 1238:1260 the first novel species described from deep subseafloor basaltic crust 1238:1307 This is the first novel species described from deep subseafloor basaltic crust. 25813363 11 6 theme novel 1248:1252 arg1 This 1230:1233 This 1230:1233 This 1230:1233 This is the first novel species described from deep subseafloor basaltic crust. 25813363 2 7 theme seafloor 290:297 arg1 drilling 299:306 seafloor drilling 290:306 seafloor drilling of Rigil Guyot during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 330 290:377 A facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain 1MBB1T, was isolated from basaltic breccia collected from 341 m below the seafloor by seafloor drilling of Rigil Guyot during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 330. 25813363 11 8 theme basaltic 1294:1301 arg1 crust 1303:1307 deep subseafloor basaltic crust 1277:1307 deep subseafloor basaltic crust 1277:1307 This is the first novel species described from deep subseafloor basaltic crust. 25813363 10 9 theme rRNA 1003:1006 arg1 gene 1008:1011 the 16S rRNA gene 995:1011 the 16S rRNA gene 995:1011 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 2 10 theme anaerobic 165:173 arg1 bacterium 175:183 A facultatively anaerobic bacterium 149:183 A facultatively anaerobic bacterium 149:183 A facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain 1MBB1T, was isolated from basaltic breccia collected from 341 m below the seafloor by seafloor drilling of Rigil Guyot during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 330. 25813363 10 11 dep Bacillus 1087:1094 arg1 foraminis 1096:1104 foraminis 1096:1104 foraminis 1096:1104 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 12 12 theme Bacillus 1462:1469 arg1 sp 1486:1487 Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp 1462:1487 the name Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp 1453:1487 On the basis of our polyphasic analysis, we conclude that strain 1MBB1T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp. 25813363 7 13 theme DNA 643:645 arg1 content 651:657 The DNA G+C content 639:657 The DNA G+C content 639:657 The DNA G+C content was 40.5 mol%. 25813363 7 13 theme DNA 643:645 arg1 % 671:671 40.5 mol% 663:671 40.5 mol% 663:671 The DNA G+C content was 40.5 mol%. 25813363 2 14 theme Drilling 347:354 arg1 Program 356:362 Integrated Ocean Drilling Program 330:362 Integrated Ocean Drilling Program 330:362 A facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain 1MBB1T, was isolated from basaltic breccia collected from 341 m below the seafloor by seafloor drilling of Rigil Guyot during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 330. 25813363 6 15 dep % 625:625 arg1 12 622:623 12 622:623 12 622:623 The isolate grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.5, and could grow with up to 12 % (w/v) NaCl. 25813363 6 15 dep % 625:625 arg1 w/v 628:630 w/v 628:630 w/v 628:630 The isolate grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.5, and could grow with up to 12 % (w/v) NaCl. 25813363 10 16 theme strain 1028:1033 arg1 1MBB1T 1035:1040 strain 1MBB1T 1028:1040 strain 1MBB1T 1028:1040 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 10 16 theme strain 1028:1033 arg1 member 1048:1053 a member 1046:1053 a member of the family Bacillaceae 1046:1079 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 10 17 theme 16S 999:1001 arg1 gene 1008:1011 the 16S rRNA gene 995:1011 the 16S rRNA gene 995:1011 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 14 18 theme type 1499:1502 arg1 1MBB1T 1514:1519 1MBB1T 1514:1519 1MBB1T ( = NCMA B78T = LMG 28275T) 1514:1547 The type strain is 1MBB1T ( = NCMA B78T = LMG 28275T). 25813363 14 18 theme type 1499:1502 arg1 strain 1504:1509 The type strain 1495:1509 The type strain 1495:1509 The type strain is 1MBB1T ( = NCMA B78T = LMG 28275T). 25813363 8 19 theme meso-diaminopimelic 828:846 arg1 acid 819:822 the cell-wall diamino acid 797:822 the cell-wall diamino acid 797:822 The major cellular fatty acids were C16:1ω11c (26.5 %), anteiso-C15:0 (19.5 %), C16:0 (18.7 %) and iso-C15:0 (10.4 %), and the cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25813363 8 19 theme meso-diaminopimelic 828:846 arg1 acid 848:851 meso-diaminopimelic acid 828:851 meso-diaminopimelic acid 828:851 The major cellular fatty acids were C16:1ω11c (26.5 %), anteiso-C15:0 (19.5 %), C16:0 (18.7 %) and iso-C15:0 (10.4 %), and the cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25813363 0 20 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 24:25 Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp 0:25 Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp. 0:26 Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp. 25813363 10 21 theme Bacillaceae 1069:1079 arg1 1MBB1T 1035:1040 strain 1MBB1T 1028:1040 strain 1MBB1T 1028:1040 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 10 21 theme Bacillaceae 1069:1079 arg1 member 1048:1053 a member 1046:1053 a member of the family Bacillaceae 1046:1079 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 2 22 attach isolated 216:223 arg1 breccia 239:245 basaltic breccia 230:245 basaltic breccia collected from 341 m below the seafloor by seafloor drilling of Rigil Guyot during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 330 230:377 A facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain 1MBB1T, was isolated from basaltic breccia collected from 341 m below the seafloor by seafloor drilling of Rigil Guyot during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 330. 25813363 2 22 attach isolated 216:223 arg2 bacterium 175:183 A facultatively anaerobic bacterium 149:183 A facultatively anaerobic bacterium 149:183 A facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain 1MBB1T, was isolated from basaltic breccia collected from 341 m below the seafloor by seafloor drilling of Rigil Guyot during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 330. 25813363 0 23 theme rigiliprofundi 9:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp 0:25 Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp. 0:26 Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp. 25813363 2 24 theme Guyot 317:321 arg1 drilling 299:306 seafloor drilling 290:306 seafloor drilling of Rigil Guyot during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 330 290:377 A facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain 1MBB1T, was isolated from basaltic breccia collected from 341 m below the seafloor by seafloor drilling of Rigil Guyot during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 330. 25813363 10 25 theme family 1062:1067 arg1 Bacillaceae 1069:1079 the family Bacillaceae 1058:1079 the family Bacillaceae 1058:1079 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 3 26 theme wide 417:420 arg1 cells 384:388 The cells 380:388 The cells 380:388 The cells were straight rods, 0.5 μm wide and 1-3 μm long, that occurred singly and in chains. 25813363 3 26 theme wide 417:420 arg1 rods 404:407 straight rods 395:407 straight rods 395:407 The cells were straight rods, 0.5 μm wide and 1-3 μm long, that occurred singly and in chains. 25813363 3 27 theme straight 395:402 arg1 cells 384:388 The cells 380:388 The cells 380:388 The cells were straight rods, 0.5 μm wide and 1-3 μm long, that occurred singly and in chains. 25813363 3 27 theme straight 395:402 arg1 rods 404:407 straight rods 395:407 straight rods 395:407 The cells were straight rods, 0.5 μm wide and 1-3 μm long, that occurred singly and in chains. 25813363 11 28 theme first 1242:1246 arg1 species 1254:1260 the first novel species 1238:1260 the first novel species described from deep subseafloor basaltic crust 1238:1307 This is the first novel species described from deep subseafloor basaltic crust. 25813363 11 28 theme first 1242:1246 arg1 This 1230:1233 This 1230:1233 This 1230:1233 This is the first novel species described from deep subseafloor basaltic crust. 25813363 6 29 dep NaCl 633:636 arg1 % 625:625 % 625:625 % 625:625 The isolate grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.5, and could grow with up to 12 % (w/v) NaCl. 25813363 8 30 theme cell-wall 801:809 arg1 acid 819:822 the cell-wall diamino acid 797:822 the cell-wall diamino acid 797:822 The major cellular fatty acids were C16:1ω11c (26.5 %), anteiso-C15:0 (19.5 %), C16:0 (18.7 %) and iso-C15:0 (10.4 %), and the cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25813363 8 30 theme cell-wall 801:809 arg1 acid 848:851 meso-diaminopimelic acid 828:851 meso-diaminopimelic acid 828:851 The major cellular fatty acids were C16:1ω11c (26.5 %), anteiso-C15:0 (19.5 %), C16:0 (18.7 %) and iso-C15:0 (10.4 %), and the cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25813363 12 31 theme novel 1395:1399 arg1 species 1401:1407 a novel species 1393:1407 a novel species 1393:1407 On the basis of our polyphasic analysis, we conclude that strain 1MBB1T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp. 25813363 2 32 theme strain 197:202 arg1 1MBB1T 204:209 strain 1MBB1T 197:209 strain 1MBB1T 197:209 A facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain 1MBB1T, was isolated from basaltic breccia collected from 341 m below the seafloor by seafloor drilling of Rigil Guyot during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 330. 25813363 1 33 dep endospore-forming 37:53 arg1 Mn-oxidizing 56:67 Mn-oxidizing 56:67 Mn-oxidizing 56:67 nov., an endospore-forming, Mn-oxidizing, moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from deep subseafloor basaltic crust. 25813363 1 33 dep endospore-forming 37:53 arg1 halophilic 81:90 halophilic 81:90 halophilic 81:90 nov., an endospore-forming, Mn-oxidizing, moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from deep subseafloor basaltic crust. 25813363 12 34 theme Bacillus 1422:1429 arg1 species 1401:1407 a novel species 1393:1407 a novel species 1393:1407 On the basis of our polyphasic analysis, we conclude that strain 1MBB1T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp. 25813363 10 35 theme Bacillus 1087:1094 arg1 neighbours 1175:1184 the closest phylogenetic neighbours 1150:1184 the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively) 1150:1227 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 10 35 theme Bacillus 1087:1094 arg1 21837T 1137:1142 Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T 1116:1142 Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T 1116:1142 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 10 35 theme Bacillus 1087:1094 arg1 CV53T 1106:1110 Bacillus foraminis CV53T 1087:1110 Bacillus foraminis CV53T 1087:1110 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 3 36 theme long 433:436 arg1 cells 384:388 The cells 380:388 The cells 380:388 The cells were straight rods, 0.5 μm wide and 1-3 μm long, that occurred singly and in chains. 25813363 3 36 theme long 433:436 arg1 rods 404:407 straight rods 395:407 straight rods 395:407 The cells were straight rods, 0.5 μm wide and 1-3 μm long, that occurred singly and in chains. 25813363 12 37 theme rigiliprofundi 1471:1484 arg1 sp 1486:1487 Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp 1462:1487 the name Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp 1453:1487 On the basis of our polyphasic analysis, we conclude that strain 1MBB1T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp. 25813363 14 38 theme = LMG 1535:1539 arg1 1MBB1T 1514:1519 1MBB1T 1514:1519 1MBB1T ( = NCMA B78T = LMG 28275T) 1514:1547 The type strain is 1MBB1T ( = NCMA B78T = LMG 28275T). 25813363 14 38 theme = LMG 1535:1539 arg1 28275T 1541:1546  = NCMA B78T = LMG 28275T 1522:1546  = NCMA B78T = LMG 28275T 1522:1546 The type strain is 1MBB1T ( = NCMA B78T = LMG 28275T). 25813363 10 39 theme gene 1008:1011 arg1 analysis 983:990 Phylogenetic analysis 970:990 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene 970:1011 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 9 40 theme siderophore 913:923 arg1 production 925:934 siderophore production 913:934 siderophore production by vegetative cells 913:954 Endospores of strain 1MBB1T oxidized Mn(II) to Mn(IV), and siderophore production by vegetative cells was positive. 25813363 14 41 theme B78T 1530:1533 arg1 1MBB1T 1514:1519 1MBB1T 1514:1519 1MBB1T ( = NCMA B78T = LMG 28275T) 1514:1547 The type strain is 1MBB1T ( = NCMA B78T = LMG 28275T). 25813363 14 41 theme B78T 1530:1533 arg1 28275T 1541:1546  = NCMA B78T = LMG 28275T 1522:1546  = NCMA B78T = LMG 28275T 1522:1546 The type strain is 1MBB1T ( = NCMA B78T = LMG 28275T). 25813363 10 42 theme Phylogenetic 970:981 arg1 analysis 983:990 Phylogenetic analysis 970:990 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene 970:1011 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 2 43 theme basaltic 230:237 arg1 breccia 239:245 basaltic breccia 230:245 basaltic breccia collected from 341 m below the seafloor by seafloor drilling of Rigil Guyot during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 330 230:377 A facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain 1MBB1T, was isolated from basaltic breccia collected from 341 m below the seafloor by seafloor drilling of Rigil Guyot during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 330. 25813363 10 44 theme LMG 1133:1135 arg1 neighbours 1175:1184 the closest phylogenetic neighbours 1150:1184 the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively) 1150:1227 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 10 44 theme LMG 1133:1135 arg1 21837T 1137:1142 Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T 1116:1142 Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T 1116:1142 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 10 44 theme LMG 1133:1135 arg1 CV53T 1106:1110 Bacillus foraminis CV53T 1087:1110 Bacillus foraminis CV53T 1087:1110 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 1 45 theme deep 116:119 arg1 subseafloor 121:131 deep subseafloor 116:131 deep subseafloor 116:131 nov., an endospore-forming, Mn-oxidizing, moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from deep subseafloor basaltic crust. 25813363 12 46 theme strain 1368:1373 arg1 1MBB1T 1375:1380 strain 1MBB1T 1368:1380 strain 1MBB1T 1368:1380 On the basis of our polyphasic analysis, we conclude that strain 1MBB1T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp. 25813363 2 47 theme Ocean 341:345 arg1 Program 356:362 Integrated Ocean Drilling Program 330:362 Integrated Ocean Drilling Program 330:362 A facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain 1MBB1T, was isolated from basaltic breccia collected from 341 m below the seafloor by seafloor drilling of Rigil Guyot during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 330. 25813363 10 48 dep % 1201:1201 arg1 96.5 1187:1190 96.5 1187:1190 96.5 1187:1190 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 10 48 dep % 1201:1201 arg1 96.2 1196:1199 96.2 1196:1199 96.2 1196:1199 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 1 49 attach isolated 102:109 arg2 bacterium 92:100 an endospore-forming, Mn-oxidizing, moderately halophilic bacterium 34:100 an endospore-forming, Mn-oxidizing, moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from deep subseafloor 34:131 nov., an endospore-forming, Mn-oxidizing, moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from deep subseafloor basaltic crust. 25813363 1 49 attach isolated 102:109 arg1 subseafloor 121:131 deep subseafloor 116:131 deep subseafloor 116:131 nov., an endospore-forming, Mn-oxidizing, moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from deep subseafloor basaltic crust. 25813363 1 49 attach isolated 102:109 arg2 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., an endospore-forming, Mn-oxidizing, moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from deep subseafloor basaltic crust. 25813363 14 50 theme NCMA 1525:1528 arg1 1MBB1T 1514:1519 1MBB1T 1514:1519 1MBB1T ( = NCMA B78T = LMG 28275T) 1514:1547 The type strain is 1MBB1T ( = NCMA B78T = LMG 28275T). 25813363 14 50 theme NCMA 1525:1528 arg1 28275T 1541:1546  = NCMA B78T = LMG 28275T 1522:1546  = NCMA B78T = LMG 28275T 1522:1546 The type strain is 1MBB1T ( = NCMA B78T = LMG 28275T). 25813363 12 51 dep analysis 1341:1348 arg1 basis 1317:1321 basis 1317:1321 basis 1317:1321 On the basis of our polyphasic analysis, we conclude that strain 1MBB1T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp. 25813363 12 51 dep analysis 1341:1348 arg1 the 1313:1315 the 1313:1315 the 1313:1315 On the basis of our polyphasic analysis, we conclude that strain 1MBB1T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp. 25813363 9 52 theme vegetative 939:948 arg1 cells 950:954 vegetative cells 939:954 vegetative cells 939:954 Endospores of strain 1MBB1T oxidized Mn(II) to Mn(IV), and siderophore production by vegetative cells was positive. 25813363 2 53 theme Integrated 330:339 arg1 Program 356:362 Integrated Ocean Drilling Program 330:362 Integrated Ocean Drilling Program 330:362 A facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain 1MBB1T, was isolated from basaltic breccia collected from 341 m below the seafloor by seafloor drilling of Rigil Guyot during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 330. 25813363 11 54 theme deep 1277:1280 arg1 crust 1303:1307 deep subseafloor basaltic crust 1277:1307 deep subseafloor basaltic crust 1277:1307 This is the first novel species described from deep subseafloor basaltic crust. 25813363 7 55 theme mol 668:670 arg1 content 651:657 The DNA G+C content 639:657 The DNA G+C content 639:657 The DNA G+C content was 40.5 mol%. 25813363 7 55 theme mol 668:670 arg1 % 671:671 40.5 mol% 663:671 40.5 mol% 663:671 The DNA G+C content was 40.5 mol%. 25813363 10 56 theme Bacillus 1116:1123 arg1 neighbours 1175:1184 the closest phylogenetic neighbours 1150:1184 the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively) 1150:1227 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 10 56 theme Bacillus 1116:1123 arg1 21837T 1137:1142 Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T 1116:1142 Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T 1116:1142 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 10 56 theme Bacillus 1116:1123 arg1 CV53T 1106:1110 Bacillus foraminis CV53T 1087:1110 Bacillus foraminis CV53T 1087:1110 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 10 57 theme phylogenetic 1162:1173 arg1 neighbours 1175:1184 the closest phylogenetic neighbours 1150:1184 the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively) 1150:1227 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 10 57 theme phylogenetic 1162:1173 arg1 21837T 1137:1142 Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T 1116:1142 Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T 1116:1142 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 10 57 theme phylogenetic 1162:1173 arg1 CV53T 1106:1110 Bacillus foraminis CV53T 1087:1110 Bacillus foraminis CV53T 1087:1110 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 10 58 dep Bacillus 1116:1123 arg1 novalis 1125:1131 novalis 1125:1131 novalis 1125:1131 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 9 59 theme strain 868:873 arg1 Endospores 854:863 Endospores 854:863 Endospores of strain 1MBB1T 854:880 Endospores of strain 1MBB1T oxidized Mn(II) to Mn(IV), and siderophore production by vegetative cells was positive. 25813363 2 60 dep Guyot 317:321 arg1 Expedition 364:373 Expedition 364:373 Expedition 364:373 A facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain 1MBB1T, was isolated from basaltic breccia collected from 341 m below the seafloor by seafloor drilling of Rigil Guyot during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 330. 25813363 12 61 dep name 1457:1460 arg1 sp 1486:1487 Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp 1462:1487 the name Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp 1453:1487 On the basis of our polyphasic analysis, we conclude that strain 1MBB1T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp. 25813363 10 62 theme closest 1154:1160 arg1 neighbours 1175:1184 the closest phylogenetic neighbours 1150:1184 the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively) 1150:1227 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 10 62 theme closest 1154:1160 arg1 21837T 1137:1142 Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T 1116:1142 Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T 1116:1142 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 10 62 theme closest 1154:1160 arg1 CV53T 1106:1110 Bacillus foraminis CV53T 1087:1110 Bacillus foraminis CV53T 1087:1110 Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). 25813363 8 63 theme diamino 811:817 arg1 acid 819:822 the cell-wall diamino acid 797:822 the cell-wall diamino acid 797:822 The major cellular fatty acids were C16:1ω11c (26.5 %), anteiso-C15:0 (19.5 %), C16:0 (18.7 %) and iso-C15:0 (10.4 %), and the cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25813363 8 63 theme diamino 811:817 arg1 acid 848:851 meso-diaminopimelic acid 828:851 meso-diaminopimelic acid 828:851 The major cellular fatty acids were C16:1ω11c (26.5 %), anteiso-C15:0 (19.5 %), C16:0 (18.7 %) and iso-C15:0 (10.4 %), and the cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25813363 8 64 theme cellular 684:691 arg1 acids 699:703 The major cellular fatty acids 674:703 The major cellular fatty acids 674:703 The major cellular fatty acids were C16:1ω11c (26.5 %), anteiso-C15:0 (19.5 %), C16:0 (18.7 %) and iso-C15:0 (10.4 %), and the cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25813363 8 64 theme cellular 684:691 arg1 C16:1ω11c 710:718 C16:1ω11c 710:718 C16:1ω11c (26.5 %) 710:727 The major cellular fatty acids were C16:1ω11c (26.5 %), anteiso-C15:0 (19.5 %), C16:0 (18.7 %) and iso-C15:0 (10.4 %), and the cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25813363 1 65 theme endospore-forming 37:53 arg1 bacterium 92:100 an endospore-forming, Mn-oxidizing, moderately halophilic bacterium 34:100 an endospore-forming, Mn-oxidizing, moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from deep subseafloor 34:131 nov., an endospore-forming, Mn-oxidizing, moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from deep subseafloor basaltic crust. 25813363 1 65 theme endospore-forming 37:53 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., an endospore-forming, Mn-oxidizing, moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from deep subseafloor basaltic crust. 25813363 12 66 theme polyphasic 1330:1339 arg1 analysis 1341:1348 our polyphasic analysis 1326:1348 our polyphasic analysis 1326:1348 On the basis of our polyphasic analysis, we conclude that strain 1MBB1T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp. 25813363 8 67 theme major 678:682 arg1 acids 699:703 The major cellular fatty acids 674:703 The major cellular fatty acids 674:703 The major cellular fatty acids were C16:1ω11c (26.5 %), anteiso-C15:0 (19.5 %), C16:0 (18.7 %) and iso-C15:0 (10.4 %), and the cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25813363 8 67 theme major 678:682 arg1 C16:1ω11c 710:718 C16:1ω11c 710:718 C16:1ω11c (26.5 %) 710:727 The major cellular fatty acids were C16:1ω11c (26.5 %), anteiso-C15:0 (19.5 %), C16:0 (18.7 %) and iso-C15:0 (10.4 %), and the cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25307231 9 0 theme major 792:796 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 816:837 diphosphatidylglycerol 816:837 diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) 816:843 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), one unidentified phosphoglycolipid (PGL) and one unidentified phospholipid (PL1). 25307231 9 0 theme major 792:796 arg1 lipids 804:809 The major polar lipids 788:809 The major polar lipids 788:809 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), one unidentified phosphoglycolipid (PGL) and one unidentified phospholipid (PL1). 25307231 4 1 theme % 444:444 arg1 CF5-4 429:433 Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4 407:433 Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity) 407:470 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the new isolate was closely related to Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity). 25307231 4 1 theme % 444:444 arg1 similarity 460:469 95.8 % gene sequence similarity 439:469 95.8 % gene sequence similarity 439:469 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the new isolate was closely related to Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity). 25307231 5 2 theme peptidoglycan 477:489 arg1 A4β 523:525 A4β 523:525 A4β 523:525 The peptidoglycan type of strain EGI 60002(T) was A4β, containing L-Orn-D-Ser-D-Asp. 25307231 5 2 theme peptidoglycan 477:489 arg1 type 491:494 The peptidoglycan type 473:494 The peptidoglycan type of strain EGI 60002(T) 473:517 The peptidoglycan type of strain EGI 60002(T) was A4β, containing L-Orn-D-Ser-D-Asp. 25307231 1 3 from physophora 65:74 arg1 China 99:103 China 99:103 China 99:103 nov., isolated from the halophyte Suaeda physophora in Xinjiang, Northwest China. 25307231 9 4 theme polar 798:802 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 816:837 diphosphatidylglycerol 816:837 diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) 816:843 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), one unidentified phosphoglycolipid (PGL) and one unidentified phospholipid (PL1). 25307231 9 4 theme polar 798:802 arg1 lipids 804:809 The major polar lipids 788:809 The major polar lipids 788:809 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), one unidentified phosphoglycolipid (PGL) and one unidentified phospholipid (PL1). 25307231 13 5 theme EGI 1235:1237 arg1 strain 1225:1230 The type strain 1216:1230 The type strain 1216:1230 The type strain is EGI 60002T (=JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T)). 25307231 13 5 theme EGI 1235:1237 arg1 60002T 1239:1244 EGI 60002T 1235:1244 EGI 60002T (=JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T)) 1235:1292 The type strain is EGI 60002T (=JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T)). 25307231 4 6 theme sequence 451:458 arg1 CF5-4 429:433 Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4 407:433 Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity) 407:470 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the new isolate was closely related to Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity). 25307231 4 6 theme sequence 451:458 arg1 similarity 460:469 95.8 % gene sequence similarity 439:469 95.8 % gene sequence similarity 439:469 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the new isolate was closely related to Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity). 25307231 13 7 dep 60002T 1239:1244 arg1 T 1290:1290 T 1290:1290 T 1290:1290 The type strain is EGI 60002T (=JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T)). 25307231 13 7 dep 60002T 1239:1244 arg1 29256 1284:1288 =JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256 1247:1288 =JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T) 1247:1291 The type strain is EGI 60002T (=JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T)). 25307231 7 8 theme fatty 633:637 arg1 iso-C14:0 680:688 iso-C14:0 680:688 iso-C14:0 680:688 The major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain EGI 60002(T) were iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:1 A and anteiso-C15:0. 25307231 7 8 theme fatty 633:637 arg1 acids 639:643 The major fatty acids 623:643 The major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain EGI 60002(T) 623:673 The major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain EGI 60002(T) were iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:1 A and anteiso-C15:0. 25307231 7 8 theme fatty 633:637 arg1 % 649:649 >5 % 646:649 >5 % 646:649 The major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain EGI 60002(T) were iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:1 A and anteiso-C15:0. 25307231 10 9 theme 72.3 mol 960:967 arg1 content 948:954 The genomic DNA G+C content 928:954 The genomic DNA G+C content 928:954 The genomic DNA G+C content was 72.3 mol%. 25307231 10 9 theme 72.3 mol 960:967 arg1 % 968:968 72.3 mol% 960:968 72.3 mol% 960:968 The genomic DNA G+C content was 72.3 mol%. 25307231 1 10 theme halophyte 48:56 arg1 physophora 65:74 the halophyte Suaeda physophora 44:74 the halophyte Suaeda physophora in Xinjiang, Northwest China 44:103 nov., isolated from the halophyte Suaeda physophora in Xinjiang, Northwest China. 25307231 8 11 theme respiratory 753:763 arg1 quinone 765:771 The predominant respiratory quinone 737:771 The predominant respiratory quinone 737:771 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-10(H4). 25307231 8 11 theme respiratory 753:763 arg1 MK-10 777:781 MK-10 777:781 MK-10 777:781 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-10(H4). 25307231 11 12 dep data 1032:1035 arg1 the 974:976 the 974:976 the 974:976 On the basis of morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic data, and phylogenetic analysis, strain EGI 60002(T) should be classified as a novel species within the genus Actinotalea, for which the name Actinotalea suaedae sp. 25307231 11 12 dep data 1032:1035 arg1 basis 978:982 basis 978:982 basis 978:982 On the basis of morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic data, and phylogenetic analysis, strain EGI 60002(T) should be classified as a novel species within the genus Actinotalea, for which the name Actinotalea suaedae sp. 25307231 4 13 theme new 372:374 arg1 related 396:402 related 396:402 related 396:402 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the new isolate was closely related to Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity). 25307231 4 13 theme new 372:374 arg1 isolate 376:382 the new isolate 368:382 the new isolate 368:382 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the new isolate was closely related to Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity). 25307231 1 14 theme Suaeda 58:63 arg1 physophora 65:74 the halophyte Suaeda physophora 44:74 the halophyte Suaeda physophora in Xinjiang, Northwest China 44:103 nov., isolated from the halophyte Suaeda physophora in Xinjiang, Northwest China. 25307231 8 15 theme predominant 741:751 arg1 quinone 765:771 The predominant respiratory quinone 737:771 The predominant respiratory quinone 737:771 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-10(H4). 25307231 8 15 theme predominant 741:751 arg1 MK-10 777:781 MK-10 777:781 MK-10 777:781 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-10(H4). 25307231 5 16 contain containing 528:537 arg1 A4β 523:525 A4β 523:525 A4β 523:525 The peptidoglycan type of strain EGI 60002(T) was A4β, containing L-Orn-D-Ser-D-Asp. 25307231 5 16 contain containing 528:537 arg1 type 491:494 The peptidoglycan type 473:494 The peptidoglycan type of strain EGI 60002(T) 473:517 The peptidoglycan type of strain EGI 60002(T) was A4β, containing L-Orn-D-Ser-D-Asp. 25307231 5 16 contain containing 528:537 arg2 L-Orn-D-Ser-D-Asp 539:555 L-Orn-D-Ser-D-Asp 539:555 L-Orn-D-Ser-D-Asp 539:555 The peptidoglycan type of strain EGI 60002(T) was A4β, containing L-Orn-D-Ser-D-Asp. 25307231 4 17 theme 95.8  439:443 arg1 % 444:444 % 444:444 % 444:444 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the new isolate was closely related to Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity). 25307231 11 18 theme name 1169:1172 arg1 sp 1194:1195 the name Actinotalea suaedae sp 1165:1195 the name Actinotalea suaedae sp 1165:1195 On the basis of morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic data, and phylogenetic analysis, strain EGI 60002(T) should be classified as a novel species within the genus Actinotalea, for which the name Actinotalea suaedae sp. 25307231 4 19 theme gene 341:344 arg1 sequences 346:354 16S rRNA gene sequences 332:354 16S rRNA gene sequences 332:354 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the new isolate was closely related to Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity). 25307231 2 20 theme halophyte 226:234 arg1 physophora 243:252 the halophyte Suaeda physophora 222:252 the halophyte Suaeda physophora 222:252 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coryneform bacterium, designated strain EGI 60002(T), was isolated from the halophyte Suaeda physophora. 25307231 7 21 theme EGI 662:664 arg1 T 672:672 T 672:672 T 672:672 The major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain EGI 60002(T) were iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:1 A and anteiso-C15:0. 25307231 7 21 theme EGI 662:664 arg1 60002 666:670 strain EGI 60002 655:670 strain EGI 60002(T) 655:673 The major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain EGI 60002(T) were iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:1 A and anteiso-C15:0. 25307231 0 22 theme suaedae 12:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Actinotalea suaedae sp 0:21 Actinotalea suaedae sp. 0:22 Actinotalea suaedae sp. 25307231 10 23 theme G+C 944:946 arg1 content 948:954 The genomic DNA G+C content 928:954 The genomic DNA G+C content 928:954 The genomic DNA G+C content was 72.3 mol%. 25307231 10 23 theme G+C 944:946 arg1 % 968:968 72.3 mol% 960:968 72.3 mol% 960:968 The genomic DNA G+C content was 72.3 mol%. 25307231 11 24 theme novel 1111:1115 arg1 species 1117:1123 a novel species 1109:1123 a novel species 1109:1123 On the basis of morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic data, and phylogenetic analysis, strain EGI 60002(T) should be classified as a novel species within the genus Actinotalea, for which the name Actinotalea suaedae sp. 25307231 11 24 theme novel 1111:1115 arg1 60002 1076:1080 strain EGI 60002 1065:1080 strain EGI 60002(T) 1065:1083 On the basis of morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic data, and phylogenetic analysis, strain EGI 60002(T) should be classified as a novel species within the genus Actinotalea, for which the name Actinotalea suaedae sp. 25307231 4 25 theme rRNA 336:339 arg1 sequences 346:354 16S rRNA gene sequences 332:354 16S rRNA gene sequences 332:354 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the new isolate was closely related to Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity). 25307231 11 26 theme phylogenetic 1042:1053 arg1 analysis 1055:1062 phylogenetic analysis 1042:1062 phylogenetic analysis 1042:1062 On the basis of morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic data, and phylogenetic analysis, strain EGI 60002(T) should be classified as a novel species within the genus Actinotalea, for which the name Actinotalea suaedae sp. 25307231 13 27 theme T 1274:1274 arg1 T 1290:1290 T 1290:1290 T 1290:1290 The type strain is EGI 60002T (=JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T)). 25307231 13 27 theme T 1274:1274 arg1 29256 1284:1288 =JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256 1247:1288 =JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T) 1247:1291 The type strain is EGI 60002T (=JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T)). 25307231 0 28 theme Actinotalea 0:10 arg1 sp 20:21 Actinotalea suaedae sp 0:21 Actinotalea suaedae sp. 0:22 Actinotalea suaedae sp. 25307231 13 29 theme  = KCTC 1276:1282 arg1 T 1290:1290 T 1290:1290 T 1290:1290 The type strain is EGI 60002T (=JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T)). 25307231 13 29 theme  = KCTC 1276:1282 arg1 29256 1284:1288 =JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256 1247:1288 =JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T) 1247:1291 The type strain is EGI 60002T (=JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T)). 25307231 7 30 theme anteiso-C15:1 702:714 arg1 A 716:716 anteiso-C15:1 A 702:716 anteiso-C15:1 A 702:716 The major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain EGI 60002(T) were iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:1 A and anteiso-C15:0. 25307231 7 31 theme major 627:631 arg1 iso-C14:0 680:688 iso-C14:0 680:688 iso-C14:0 680:688 The major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain EGI 60002(T) were iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:1 A and anteiso-C15:0. 25307231 7 31 theme major 627:631 arg1 acids 639:643 The major fatty acids 623:643 The major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain EGI 60002(T) 623:673 The major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain EGI 60002(T) were iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:1 A and anteiso-C15:0. 25307231 7 31 theme major 627:631 arg1 % 649:649 >5 % 646:649 >5 % 646:649 The major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain EGI 60002(T) were iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:1 A and anteiso-C15:0. 25307231 11 32 theme genus 1136:1140 arg1 Actinotalea 1142:1152 the genus Actinotalea 1132:1152 the genus Actinotalea 1132:1152 On the basis of morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic data, and phylogenetic analysis, strain EGI 60002(T) should be classified as a novel species within the genus Actinotalea, for which the name Actinotalea suaedae sp. 25307231 11 33 theme EGI 1072:1074 arg1 T 1082:1082 T 1082:1082 T 1082:1082 On the basis of morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic data, and phylogenetic analysis, strain EGI 60002(T) should be classified as a novel species within the genus Actinotalea, for which the name Actinotalea suaedae sp. 25307231 11 33 theme EGI 1072:1074 arg1 60002 1076:1080 strain EGI 60002 1065:1080 strain EGI 60002(T) 1065:1083 On the basis of morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic data, and phylogenetic analysis, strain EGI 60002(T) should be classified as a novel species within the genus Actinotalea, for which the name Actinotalea suaedae sp. 25307231 11 33 theme EGI 1072:1074 arg1 species 1117:1123 a novel species 1109:1123 a novel species 1109:1123 On the basis of morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic data, and phylogenetic analysis, strain EGI 60002(T) should be classified as a novel species within the genus Actinotalea, for which the name Actinotalea suaedae sp. 25307231 2 34 theme Suaeda 236:241 arg1 physophora 243:252 the halophyte Suaeda physophora 222:252 the halophyte Suaeda physophora 222:252 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coryneform bacterium, designated strain EGI 60002(T), was isolated from the halophyte Suaeda physophora. 25307231 4 35 theme ferrariae 419:427 arg1 T 435:435 T 435:435 T 435:435 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the new isolate was closely related to Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity). 25307231 4 35 theme ferrariae 419:427 arg1 CF5-4 429:433 Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4 407:433 Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity) 407:470 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the new isolate was closely related to Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity). 25307231 4 35 theme ferrariae 419:427 arg1 similarity 460:469 95.8 % gene sequence similarity 439:469 95.8 % gene sequence similarity 439:469 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the new isolate was closely related to Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity). 25307231 13 36 theme T 1258:1258 arg1 T 1290:1290 T 1290:1290 T 1290:1290 The type strain is EGI 60002T (=JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T)). 25307231 13 36 theme T 1258:1258 arg1 29256 1284:1288 =JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256 1247:1288 =JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T) 1247:1291 The type strain is EGI 60002T (=JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T)). 25307231 9 37 theme unidentified 850:861 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 863:879 one unidentified phosphoglycolipid 846:879 one unidentified phosphoglycolipid (PGL) 846:885 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), one unidentified phosphoglycolipid (PGL) and one unidentified phospholipid (PL1). 25307231 9 37 theme unidentified 850:861 arg1 PGL 882:884 PGL 882:884 PGL 882:884 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), one unidentified phosphoglycolipid (PGL) and one unidentified phospholipid (PL1). 25307231 4 38 theme Actinotalea 407:417 arg1 T 435:435 T 435:435 T 435:435 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the new isolate was closely related to Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity). 25307231 4 38 theme Actinotalea 407:417 arg1 CF5-4 429:433 Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4 407:433 Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity) 407:470 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the new isolate was closely related to Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity). 25307231 4 38 theme Actinotalea 407:417 arg1 similarity 460:469 95.8 % gene sequence similarity 439:469 95.8 % gene sequence similarity 439:469 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the new isolate was closely related to Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity). 25307231 11 39 dep morphological 987:999 arg1 chemotaxonomic 1017:1030 chemotaxonomic 1017:1030 chemotaxonomic 1017:1030 On the basis of morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic data, and phylogenetic analysis, strain EGI 60002(T) should be classified as a novel species within the genus Actinotalea, for which the name Actinotalea suaedae sp. 25307231 11 39 dep morphological 987:999 arg1 physiological 1002:1014 physiological 1002:1014 physiological 1002:1014 On the basis of morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic data, and phylogenetic analysis, strain EGI 60002(T) should be classified as a novel species within the genus Actinotalea, for which the name Actinotalea suaedae sp. 25307231 11 40 theme Actinotalea 1174:1184 arg1 sp 1194:1195 the name Actinotalea suaedae sp 1165:1195 the name Actinotalea suaedae sp 1165:1195 On the basis of morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic data, and phylogenetic analysis, strain EGI 60002(T) should be classified as a novel species within the genus Actinotalea, for which the name Actinotalea suaedae sp. 25307231 11 41 theme suaedae 1186:1192 arg1 sp 1194:1195 the name Actinotalea suaedae sp 1165:1195 the name Actinotalea suaedae sp 1165:1195 On the basis of morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic data, and phylogenetic analysis, strain EGI 60002(T) should be classified as a novel species within the genus Actinotalea, for which the name Actinotalea suaedae sp. 25307231 5 42 theme 60002 510:514 arg1 A4β 523:525 A4β 523:525 A4β 523:525 The peptidoglycan type of strain EGI 60002(T) was A4β, containing L-Orn-D-Ser-D-Asp. 25307231 5 42 theme 60002 510:514 arg1 type 491:494 The peptidoglycan type 473:494 The peptidoglycan type of strain EGI 60002(T) 473:517 The peptidoglycan type of strain EGI 60002(T) was A4β, containing L-Orn-D-Ser-D-Asp. 25307231 13 43 theme  = KACC 1260:1266 arg1 T 1290:1290 T 1290:1290 T 1290:1290 The type strain is EGI 60002T (=JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T)). 25307231 13 43 theme  = KACC 1260:1266 arg1 29256 1284:1288 =JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256 1247:1288 =JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T) 1247:1291 The type strain is EGI 60002T (=JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T)). 25307231 13 44 theme 19624 1252:1256 arg1 T 1290:1290 T 1290:1290 T 1290:1290 The type strain is EGI 60002T (=JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T)). 25307231 13 44 theme 19624 1252:1256 arg1 29256 1284:1288 =JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256 1247:1288 =JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T) 1247:1291 The type strain is EGI 60002T (=JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T)). 25307231 10 45 theme DNA 940:942 arg1 content 948:954 The genomic DNA G+C content 928:954 The genomic DNA G+C content 928:954 The genomic DNA G+C content was 72.3 mol%. 25307231 10 45 theme DNA 940:942 arg1 % 968:968 72.3 mol% 960:968 72.3 mol% 960:968 The genomic DNA G+C content was 72.3 mol%. 25307231 11 46 theme strain 1065:1070 arg1 T 1082:1082 T 1082:1082 T 1082:1082 On the basis of morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic data, and phylogenetic analysis, strain EGI 60002(T) should be classified as a novel species within the genus Actinotalea, for which the name Actinotalea suaedae sp. 25307231 11 46 theme strain 1065:1070 arg1 60002 1076:1080 strain EGI 60002 1065:1080 strain EGI 60002(T) 1065:1083 On the basis of morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic data, and phylogenetic analysis, strain EGI 60002(T) should be classified as a novel species within the genus Actinotalea, for which the name Actinotalea suaedae sp. 25307231 11 46 theme strain 1065:1070 arg1 species 1117:1123 a novel species 1109:1123 a novel species 1109:1123 On the basis of morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic data, and phylogenetic analysis, strain EGI 60002(T) should be classified as a novel species within the genus Actinotalea, for which the name Actinotalea suaedae sp. 25307231 2 47 dep Gram-stain-positive 108:126 arg1 aerobic 129:135 aerobic 129:135 aerobic 129:135 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coryneform bacterium, designated strain EGI 60002(T), was isolated from the halophyte Suaeda physophora. 25307231 2 47 dep Gram-stain-positive 108:126 arg1 coryneform 150:159 coryneform 150:159 coryneform 150:159 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coryneform bacterium, designated strain EGI 60002(T), was isolated from the halophyte Suaeda physophora. 25307231 2 47 dep Gram-stain-positive 108:126 arg1 non-motile 138:147 non-motile 138:147 non-motile 138:147 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coryneform bacterium, designated strain EGI 60002(T), was isolated from the halophyte Suaeda physophora. 25307231 4 48 theme gene 446:449 arg1 CF5-4 429:433 Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4 407:433 Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity) 407:470 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the new isolate was closely related to Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity). 25307231 4 48 theme gene 446:449 arg1 similarity 460:469 95.8 % gene sequence similarity 439:469 95.8 % gene sequence similarity 439:469 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the new isolate was closely related to Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity). 25307231 4 49 theme 16S 332:334 arg1 sequences 346:354 16S rRNA gene sequences 332:354 16S rRNA gene sequences 332:354 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the new isolate was closely related to Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity). 25307231 7 50 theme 60002 666:670 arg1 iso-C14:0 680:688 iso-C14:0 680:688 iso-C14:0 680:688 The major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain EGI 60002(T) were iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:1 A and anteiso-C15:0. 25307231 7 50 theme 60002 666:670 arg1 acids 639:643 The major fatty acids 623:643 The major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain EGI 60002(T) 623:673 The major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain EGI 60002(T) were iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:1 A and anteiso-C15:0. 25307231 7 50 theme 60002 666:670 arg1 % 649:649 >5 % 646:649 >5 % 646:649 The major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain EGI 60002(T) were iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:1 A and anteiso-C15:0. 25307231 2 51 theme EGI 190:192 arg1 T 200:200 T 200:200 T 200:200 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coryneform bacterium, designated strain EGI 60002(T), was isolated from the halophyte Suaeda physophora. 25307231 2 51 theme EGI 190:192 arg1 60002 194:198 strain EGI 60002 183:198 strain EGI 60002(T) 183:201 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coryneform bacterium, designated strain EGI 60002(T), was isolated from the halophyte Suaeda physophora. 25307231 11 52 theme morphological 987:999 arg1 data 1032:1035 morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic data 987:1035 morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic data 987:1035 On the basis of morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic data, and phylogenetic analysis, strain EGI 60002(T) should be classified as a novel species within the genus Actinotalea, for which the name Actinotalea suaedae sp. 25307231 5 53 theme EGI 506:508 arg1 T 516:516 T 516:516 T 516:516 The peptidoglycan type of strain EGI 60002(T) was A4β, containing L-Orn-D-Ser-D-Asp. 25307231 5 53 theme EGI 506:508 arg1 60002 510:514 strain EGI 60002 499:514 strain EGI 60002(T) 499:517 The peptidoglycan type of strain EGI 60002(T) was A4β, containing L-Orn-D-Ser-D-Asp. 25307231 13 54 theme =JCM 1247:1250 arg1 T 1290:1290 T 1290:1290 T 1290:1290 The type strain is EGI 60002T (=JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T)). 25307231 13 54 theme =JCM 1247:1250 arg1 29256 1284:1288 =JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256 1247:1288 =JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T) 1247:1291 The type strain is EGI 60002T (=JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T)). 25307231 5 55 theme strain 499:504 arg1 T 516:516 T 516:516 T 516:516 The peptidoglycan type of strain EGI 60002(T) was A4β, containing L-Orn-D-Ser-D-Asp. 25307231 5 55 theme strain 499:504 arg1 60002 510:514 strain EGI 60002 499:514 strain EGI 60002(T) 499:517 The peptidoglycan type of strain EGI 60002(T) was A4β, containing L-Orn-D-Ser-D-Asp. 25307231 2 56 theme strain 183:188 arg1 T 200:200 T 200:200 T 200:200 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coryneform bacterium, designated strain EGI 60002(T), was isolated from the halophyte Suaeda physophora. 25307231 2 56 theme strain 183:188 arg1 60002 194:198 strain EGI 60002 183:198 strain EGI 60002(T) 183:201 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coryneform bacterium, designated strain EGI 60002(T), was isolated from the halophyte Suaeda physophora. 25307231 10 57 theme genomic 932:938 arg1 content 948:954 The genomic DNA G+C content 928:954 The genomic DNA G+C content 928:954 The genomic DNA G+C content was 72.3 mol%. 25307231 10 57 theme genomic 932:938 arg1 % 968:968 72.3 mol% 960:968 72.3 mol% 960:968 The genomic DNA G+C content was 72.3 mol%. 25307231 7 58 theme strain 655:660 arg1 T 672:672 T 672:672 T 672:672 The major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain EGI 60002(T) were iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:1 A and anteiso-C15:0. 25307231 7 58 theme strain 655:660 arg1 60002 666:670 strain EGI 60002 655:670 strain EGI 60002(T) 655:673 The major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain EGI 60002(T) were iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:1 A and anteiso-C15:0. 25307231 13 59 theme 17839 1268:1272 arg1 T 1290:1290 T 1290:1290 T 1290:1290 The type strain is EGI 60002T (=JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T)). 25307231 13 59 theme 17839 1268:1272 arg1 29256 1284:1288 =JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256 1247:1288 =JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T) 1247:1291 The type strain is EGI 60002T (=JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T)). 25307231 13 60 theme type 1220:1223 arg1 strain 1225:1230 The type strain 1216:1230 The type strain 1216:1230 The type strain is EGI 60002T (=JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T)). 25307231 13 60 theme type 1220:1223 arg1 60002T 1239:1244 EGI 60002T 1235:1244 EGI 60002T (=JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T)) 1235:1292 The type strain is EGI 60002T (=JCM 19624(T) = KACC 17839(T) = KCTC 29256(T)). 25307231 9 61 theme unidentified 895:906 arg1 PL1 922:924 PL1 922:924 PL1 922:924 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), one unidentified phosphoglycolipid (PGL) and one unidentified phospholipid (PL1). 25307231 9 61 theme unidentified 895:906 arg1 phospholipid 908:919 one unidentified phospholipid 891:919 one unidentified phospholipid (PL1) 891:925 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), one unidentified phosphoglycolipid (PGL) and one unidentified phospholipid (PL1). 25307231 2 62 theme Gram-stain-positive 108:126 arg1 bacterium 161:169 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coryneform bacterium 106:169 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coryneform bacterium 106:169 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coryneform bacterium, designated strain EGI 60002(T), was isolated from the halophyte Suaeda physophora. 25307231 4 63 theme Phylogenetic 301:312 arg1 analysis 314:321 Phylogenetic analysis 301:321 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 301:354 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the new isolate was closely related to Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4(T) (95.8 % gene sequence similarity). 25307231 6 64 theme cell-wall 562:570 arg1 mannose 584:590 mannose 584:590 mannose 584:590 The cell-wall sugars were mannose, ribose, rhamnose and glucose. 25307231 6 64 theme cell-wall 562:570 arg1 sugars 572:577 The cell-wall sugars 558:577 The cell-wall sugars 558:577 The cell-wall sugars were mannose, ribose, rhamnose and glucose. 25307231 2 65 attach isolated 208:215 arg1 physophora 243:252 the halophyte Suaeda physophora 222:252 the halophyte Suaeda physophora 222:252 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coryneform bacterium, designated strain EGI 60002(T), was isolated from the halophyte Suaeda physophora. 25307231 2 65 attach isolated 208:215 arg2 bacterium 161:169 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coryneform bacterium 106:169 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coryneform bacterium 106:169 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, coryneform bacterium, designated strain EGI 60002(T), was isolated from the halophyte Suaeda physophora. 25293962 8 0 theme guard 1262:1266 arg1 stroma 1273:1278 the guard cell stroma 1258:1278 the guard cell stroma 1258:1278 Using soluble starch as the substrate, BAM1 and BAM3 had optimum activity at pH 6.0 to 6.5, but at high pH, BAM1 was more active than BAM3, consistent with its known daytime role in the guard cell stroma. 25293962 7 1 theme leaf 951:954 arg1 extracts 956:963 leaf extracts 951:963 leaf extracts from double mutants and purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins 951:1019 Analysis of leaf extracts from double mutants and purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins revealed that these proteins have distinct properties. 25293962 1 2 from degradation 154:164 arg1 chloroplasts 169:180 chloroplasts 169:180 chloroplasts 169:180 Starch degradation in chloroplasts requires β-amylase (BAM) activity, which is encoded by a multigene family. 25293962 10 3 theme acid 1468:1471 arg1 composition 1473:1483 The amino acid composition 1458:1483 The amino acid composition of BAM1 and BAM3 orthologs 1458:1510 The amino acid composition of BAM1 and BAM3 orthologs reflected differences that are consistent with known adaptations of proteins from heat- and cold-adapted organisms, suggesting that these day- and night-active enzymes have undergone thermal adaptation. 25293962 5 4 theme double 664:669 arg1 mutants 671:677 double mutants 664:677 double mutants lacking BAM5 664:690 We generated a series of double mutants lacking BAM5 and each of the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) and found that most of the plastidic activity in 5-week-old plants was encoded by BAM1 and BAM3. 25293962 7 5 from mutants 977:983 arg1 Analysis 939:946 Analysis 939:946 Analysis of leaf extracts from double mutants and purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins 939:1019 Analysis of leaf extracts from double mutants and purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins revealed that these proteins have distinct properties. 25293962 7 5 from mutants 977:983 arg1 extracts 956:963 leaf extracts 951:963 leaf extracts from double mutants and purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins 951:1019 Analysis of leaf extracts from double mutants and purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins revealed that these proteins have distinct properties. 25293962 7 6 theme extracts 956:963 arg1 Analysis 939:946 Analysis 939:946 Analysis of leaf extracts from double mutants and purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins 939:1019 Analysis of leaf extracts from double mutants and purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins revealed that these proteins have distinct properties. 25293962 8 7 from role 1250:1253 arg1 stroma 1273:1278 the guard cell stroma 1258:1278 the guard cell stroma 1258:1278 Using soluble starch as the substrate, BAM1 and BAM3 had optimum activity at pH 6.0 to 6.5, but at high pH, BAM1 was more active than BAM3, consistent with its known daytime role in the guard cell stroma. 25293962 3 8 theme guard 440:444 arg1 cells 446:450 guard cells 440:450 guard cells 440:450 In vegetative plants, BAM1 acts during the day in guard cells, whereas BAM3 is the dominant activity in mesophyll cells at night. 25293962 9 9 theme optimum 1285:1291 arg1 temperature 1293:1303 The optimum temperature 1281:1303 The optimum temperature 1281:1303 The optimum temperature for BAM1, which is transcriptionally induced by heat stress, was about 10°C higher than that of BAM3, which is transcriptionally induced by cold stress. 25293962 9 9 theme optimum 1285:1291 arg1 10°C 1376:1379 10°C 1376:1379 10°C 1376:1379 The optimum temperature for BAM1, which is transcriptionally induced by heat stress, was about 10°C higher than that of BAM3, which is transcriptionally induced by cold stress. 25293962 10 10 theme amino 1462:1466 arg1 composition 1473:1483 The amino acid composition 1458:1483 The amino acid composition of BAM1 and BAM3 orthologs 1458:1510 The amino acid composition of BAM1 and BAM3 orthologs reflected differences that are consistent with known adaptations of proteins from heat- and cold-adapted organisms, suggesting that these day- and night-active enzymes have undergone thermal adaptation. 25293962 0 11 dep Different 101:109 arg1 Thermal 111:117 Thermal 111:117 Thermal 111:117 β-Amylase1 and β-amylase3 are plastidic starch hydrolases in Arabidopsis That Seem to Be Adapted for Different Thermal, pH, and stress conditions. 25293962 4 12 from part 585:588 arg1 difficult 545:553 difficult 545:553 difficult 545:553 Plastidic BAMs have been difficult to assay in leaf extracts, in part because of a cytosolic activity encoded by BAM5. 25293962 9 13 theme heat 1353:1356 arg1 stress 1358:1363 heat stress 1353:1363 heat stress 1353:1363 The optimum temperature for BAM1, which is transcriptionally induced by heat stress, was about 10°C higher than that of BAM3, which is transcriptionally induced by cold stress. 25293962 10 14 theme BAM3 1497:1500 arg1 composition 1473:1483 The amino acid composition 1458:1483 The amino acid composition of BAM1 and BAM3 orthologs 1458:1510 The amino acid composition of BAM1 and BAM3 orthologs reflected differences that are consistent with known adaptations of proteins from heat- and cold-adapted organisms, suggesting that these day- and night-active enzymes have undergone thermal adaptation. 25293962 5 15 theme 5-week-old 811:820 arg1 plants 822:827 5-week-old plants 811:827 5-week-old plants 811:827 We generated a series of double mutants lacking BAM5 and each of the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) and found that most of the plastidic activity in 5-week-old plants was encoded by BAM1 and BAM3. 25293962 10 16 from adaptations 1565:1575 arg1 organisms 1617:1625 heat- and cold-adapted organisms 1594:1625 heat- and cold-adapted organisms 1594:1625 The amino acid composition of BAM1 and BAM3 orthologs reflected differences that are consistent with known adaptations of proteins from heat- and cold-adapted organisms, suggesting that these day- and night-active enzymes have undergone thermal adaptation. 25293962 8 17 with consistent 1216:1225 arg1 role 1250:1253 its known daytime role 1232:1253 its known daytime role in the guard cell stroma 1232:1278 Using soluble starch as the substrate, BAM1 and BAM3 had optimum activity at pH 6.0 to 6.5, but at high pH, BAM1 was more active than BAM3, consistent with its known daytime role in the guard cell stroma. 25293962 0 18 theme Different 101:109 arg1 pH 120:121 Different Thermal, pH, and stress conditions 101:144 pH 120:121 β-Amylase1 and β-amylase3 are plastidic starch hydrolases in Arabidopsis That Seem to Be Adapted for Different Thermal, pH, and stress conditions. 25293962 0 19 from hydrolases 47:56 arg1 Arabidopsis 61:71 Arabidopsis 61:71 Arabidopsis 61:71 β-Amylase1 and β-amylase3 are plastidic starch hydrolases in Arabidopsis That Seem to Be Adapted for Different Thermal, pH, and stress conditions. 25293962 2 20 theme these 358:362 arg1 these 358:362 these 358:362 these 358:362 Of nine Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BAM genes, six encode plastidic enzymes, but only four of these are catalytically active. 25293962 2 20 theme these 358:362 arg1 four 350:353 four 350:353 four 350:353 Of nine Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BAM genes, six encode plastidic enzymes, but only four of these are catalytically active. 25293962 8 21 theme known 1236:1240 arg1 role 1250:1253 its known daytime role 1232:1253 its known daytime role in the guard cell stroma 1232:1278 Using soluble starch as the substrate, BAM1 and BAM3 had optimum activity at pH 6.0 to 6.5, but at high pH, BAM1 was more active than BAM3, consistent with its known daytime role in the guard cell stroma. 25293962 1 22 theme Starch 147:152 arg1 degradation 154:164 Starch degradation 147:164 Starch degradation in chloroplasts 147:180 Starch degradation in chloroplasts requires β-amylase (BAM) activity, which is encoded by a multigene family. 25293962 7 23 theme double 970:975 arg1 mutants 977:983 double mutants 970:983 double mutants 970:983 Analysis of leaf extracts from double mutants and purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins revealed that these proteins have distinct properties. 25293962 10 24 theme thermal 1695:1701 arg1 adaptation 1703:1712 thermal adaptation 1695:1712 thermal adaptation 1695:1712 The amino acid composition of BAM1 and BAM3 orthologs reflected differences that are consistent with known adaptations of proteins from heat- and cold-adapted organisms, suggesting that these day- and night-active enzymes have undergone thermal adaptation. 25293962 5 25 theme mutants 671:677 arg1 series 654:659 a series 652:659 a series of double mutants lacking BAM5 652:690 We generated a series of double mutants lacking BAM5 and each of the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) and found that most of the plastidic activity in 5-week-old plants was encoded by BAM1 and BAM3. 25293962 10 26 theme BAM1 1488:1491 arg1 composition 1473:1483 The amino acid composition 1458:1483 The amino acid composition of BAM1 and BAM3 orthologs 1458:1510 The amino acid composition of BAM1 and BAM3 orthologs reflected differences that are consistent with known adaptations of proteins from heat- and cold-adapted organisms, suggesting that these day- and night-active enzymes have undergone thermal adaptation. 25293962 4 27 from extracts 572:579 arg1 difficult 545:553 difficult 545:553 difficult 545:553 Plastidic BAMs have been difficult to assay in leaf extracts, in part because of a cytosolic activity encoded by BAM5. 25293962 4 28 theme leaf 567:570 arg1 extracts 572:579 leaf extracts 567:579 leaf extracts 567:579 Plastidic BAMs have been difficult to assay in leaf extracts, in part because of a cytosolic activity encoded by BAM5. 25293962 5 29 from activity 799:806 arg1 plants 822:827 5-week-old plants 811:827 5-week-old plants 811:827 We generated a series of double mutants lacking BAM5 and each of the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) and found that most of the plastidic activity in 5-week-old plants was encoded by BAM1 and BAM3. 25293962 2 30 theme Arabidopsis 278:288 arg1 genes 304:308 nine Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BAM genes 260:308 nine Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BAM genes 260:308 Of nine Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BAM genes, six encode plastidic enzymes, but only four of these are catalytically active. 25293962 10 31 from organisms 1617:1625 arg1 proteins 1580:1587 proteins 1580:1587 proteins from heat- and cold-adapted organisms 1580:1625 The amino acid composition of BAM1 and BAM3 orthologs reflected differences that are consistent with known adaptations of proteins from heat- and cold-adapted organisms, suggesting that these day- and night-active enzymes have undergone thermal adaptation. 25293962 10 31 from organisms 1617:1625 arg1 adaptations 1565:1575 known adaptations 1559:1575 known adaptations of proteins from heat- and cold-adapted organisms 1559:1625 The amino acid composition of BAM1 and BAM3 orthologs reflected differences that are consistent with known adaptations of proteins from heat- and cold-adapted organisms, suggesting that these day- and night-active enzymes have undergone thermal adaptation. 25293962 7 32 theme BAM3 1007:1010 arg1 proteins 1012:1019 purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins 989:1019 purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins 989:1019 Analysis of leaf extracts from double mutants and purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins revealed that these proteins have distinct properties. 25293962 1 33 theme multigene 239:247 arg1 family 249:254 a multigene family 237:254 a multigene family 237:254 Starch degradation in chloroplasts requires β-amylase (BAM) activity, which is encoded by a multigene family. 25293962 3 34 theme mesophyll 494:502 arg1 cells 504:508 mesophyll cells 494:508 mesophyll cells 494:508 In vegetative plants, BAM1 acts during the day in guard cells, whereas BAM3 is the dominant activity in mesophyll cells at night. 25293962 8 35 theme soluble 1082:1088 arg1 starch 1090:1095 soluble starch 1082:1095 soluble starch 1082:1095 Using soluble starch as the substrate, BAM1 and BAM3 had optimum activity at pH 6.0 to 6.5, but at high pH, BAM1 was more active than BAM3, consistent with its known daytime role in the guard cell stroma. 25293962 8 35 theme soluble 1082:1088 arg1 substrate 1104:1112 the substrate 1100:1112 the substrate 1100:1112 Using soluble starch as the substrate, BAM1 and BAM3 had optimum activity at pH 6.0 to 6.5, but at high pH, BAM1 was more active than BAM3, consistent with its known daytime role in the guard cell stroma. 25293962 7 36 theme purified 989:996 arg1 proteins 1012:1019 purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins 989:1019 purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins 989:1019 Analysis of leaf extracts from double mutants and purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins revealed that these proteins have distinct properties. 25293962 10 37 with consistent 1543:1552 arg1 adaptations 1565:1575 known adaptations 1559:1575 known adaptations of proteins from heat- and cold-adapted organisms 1559:1625 The amino acid composition of BAM1 and BAM3 orthologs reflected differences that are consistent with known adaptations of proteins from heat- and cold-adapted organisms, suggesting that these day- and night-active enzymes have undergone thermal adaptation. 25293962 9 38 theme cold 1445:1448 arg1 stress 1450:1455 cold stress 1445:1455 cold stress 1445:1455 The optimum temperature for BAM1, which is transcriptionally induced by heat stress, was about 10°C higher than that of BAM3, which is transcriptionally induced by cold stress. 25293962 3 39 from day 433:435 arg1 cells 446:450 guard cells 440:450 guard cells 440:450 In vegetative plants, BAM1 acts during the day in guard cells, whereas BAM3 is the dominant activity in mesophyll cells at night. 25293962 2 40 theme Arabidopsis 265:275 arg1 genes 304:308 nine Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BAM genes 260:308 nine Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BAM genes 260:308 Of nine Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BAM genes, six encode plastidic enzymes, but only four of these are catalytically active. 25293962 5 41 theme plastidic 715:723 arg1 BAM6 756:759 BAM6 756:759 BAM6 756:759 We generated a series of double mutants lacking BAM5 and each of the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) and found that most of the plastidic activity in 5-week-old plants was encoded by BAM1 and BAM3. 25293962 5 41 theme plastidic 715:723 arg1 BAM2 740:743 BAM2 740:743 BAM2 740:743 We generated a series of double mutants lacking BAM5 and each of the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) and found that most of the plastidic activity in 5-week-old plants was encoded by BAM1 and BAM3. 25293962 5 41 theme plastidic 715:723 arg1 BAM1 734:737 BAM1 734:737 BAM1 734:737 We generated a series of double mutants lacking BAM5 and each of the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) and found that most of the plastidic activity in 5-week-old plants was encoded by BAM1 and BAM3. 25293962 5 41 theme plastidic 715:723 arg1 enzymes 725:731 the active plastidic enzymes 704:731 the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) 704:760 We generated a series of double mutants lacking BAM5 and each of the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) and found that most of the plastidic activity in 5-week-old plants was encoded by BAM1 and BAM3. 25293962 5 41 theme plastidic 715:723 arg1 BAM3 746:749 BAM3 746:749 BAM3 746:749 We generated a series of double mutants lacking BAM5 and each of the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) and found that most of the plastidic activity in 5-week-old plants was encoded by BAM1 and BAM3. 25293962 5 42 theme active 708:713 arg1 BAM6 756:759 BAM6 756:759 BAM6 756:759 We generated a series of double mutants lacking BAM5 and each of the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) and found that most of the plastidic activity in 5-week-old plants was encoded by BAM1 and BAM3. 25293962 5 42 theme active 708:713 arg1 BAM2 740:743 BAM2 740:743 BAM2 740:743 We generated a series of double mutants lacking BAM5 and each of the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) and found that most of the plastidic activity in 5-week-old plants was encoded by BAM1 and BAM3. 25293962 5 42 theme active 708:713 arg1 BAM1 734:737 BAM1 734:737 BAM1 734:737 We generated a series of double mutants lacking BAM5 and each of the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) and found that most of the plastidic activity in 5-week-old plants was encoded by BAM1 and BAM3. 25293962 5 42 theme active 708:713 arg1 enzymes 725:731 the active plastidic enzymes 704:731 the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) 704:760 We generated a series of double mutants lacking BAM5 and each of the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) and found that most of the plastidic activity in 5-week-old plants was encoded by BAM1 and BAM3. 25293962 5 42 theme active 708:713 arg1 BAM3 746:749 BAM3 746:749 BAM3 746:749 We generated a series of double mutants lacking BAM5 and each of the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) and found that most of the plastidic activity in 5-week-old plants was encoded by BAM1 and BAM3. 25293962 7 43 from proteins 1012:1019 arg1 Analysis 939:946 Analysis 939:946 Analysis of leaf extracts from double mutants and purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins 939:1019 Analysis of leaf extracts from double mutants and purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins revealed that these proteins have distinct properties. 25293962 7 43 from proteins 1012:1019 arg1 extracts 956:963 leaf extracts 951:963 leaf extracts from double mutants and purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins 951:1019 Analysis of leaf extracts from double mutants and purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins revealed that these proteins have distinct properties. 25293962 8 44 theme high 1175:1178 arg1 pH 1180:1181 high pH 1175:1181 high pH 1175:1181 Using soluble starch as the substrate, BAM1 and BAM3 had optimum activity at pH 6.0 to 6.5, but at high pH, BAM1 was more active than BAM3, consistent with its known daytime role in the guard cell stroma. 25293962 3 45 from night 513:517 arg1 activity 482:489 the dominant activity 469:489 the dominant activity in mesophyll cells at night 469:517 In vegetative plants, BAM1 acts during the day in guard cells, whereas BAM3 is the dominant activity in mesophyll cells at night. 25293962 3 45 from night 513:517 arg1 BAM3 461:464 BAM3 461:464 BAM3 461:464 In vegetative plants, BAM1 acts during the day in guard cells, whereas BAM3 is the dominant activity in mesophyll cells at night. 25293962 1 46 theme β-amylase 191:199 arg1 activity 207:214 β-amylase (BAM) activity 191:214 β-amylase (BAM) activity 191:214 Starch degradation in chloroplasts requires β-amylase (BAM) activity, which is encoded by a multigene family. 25293962 0 47 theme starch 40:45 arg1 β-amylase3 15:24 β-amylase3 15:24 β-amylase3 15:24 β-Amylase1 and β-amylase3 are plastidic starch hydrolases in Arabidopsis That Seem to Be Adapted for Different Thermal, pH, and stress conditions. 25293962 0 47 theme starch 40:45 arg1 β-Amylase1 0:9 β-Amylase1 0:9 β-Amylase1 0:9 β-Amylase1 and β-amylase3 are plastidic starch hydrolases in Arabidopsis That Seem to Be Adapted for Different Thermal, pH, and stress conditions. 25293962 0 47 theme starch 40:45 arg1 hydrolases 47:56 plastidic starch hydrolases 30:56 plastidic starch hydrolases in Arabidopsis That Seem to Be Adapted for Different Thermal, pH, and stress conditions 30:144 β-Amylase1 and β-amylase3 are plastidic starch hydrolases in Arabidopsis That Seem to Be Adapted for Different Thermal, pH, and stress conditions. 25293962 4 48 theme cytosolic 603:611 arg1 activity 613:620 a cytosolic activity 601:620 a cytosolic activity encoded by BAM5 601:636 Plastidic BAMs have been difficult to assay in leaf extracts, in part because of a cytosolic activity encoded by BAM5. 25293962 9 49 dep 10°C 1376:1379 arg1 higher 1381:1386 higher 1381:1386 higher 1381:1386 The optimum temperature for BAM1, which is transcriptionally induced by heat stress, was about 10°C higher than that of BAM3, which is transcriptionally induced by cold stress. 25293962 8 50 dep pH 1153:1154 arg1 to 1160:1161 to 1160:1161 to 1160:1161 Using soluble starch as the substrate, BAM1 and BAM3 had optimum activity at pH 6.0 to 6.5, but at high pH, BAM1 was more active than BAM3, consistent with its known daytime role in the guard cell stroma. 25293962 4 51 from difficult 545:553 arg1 extracts 572:579 leaf extracts 567:579 leaf extracts 567:579 Plastidic BAMs have been difficult to assay in leaf extracts, in part because of a cytosolic activity encoded by BAM5. 25293962 4 51 from difficult 545:553 arg1 part 585:588 part 585:588 part because of a cytosolic activity encoded by BAM5 585:636 Plastidic BAMs have been difficult to assay in leaf extracts, in part because of a cytosolic activity encoded by BAM5. 25293962 3 52 theme vegetative 393:402 arg1 plants 404:409 vegetative plants 393:409 vegetative plants 393:409 In vegetative plants, BAM1 acts during the day in guard cells, whereas BAM3 is the dominant activity in mesophyll cells at night. 25293962 0 53 theme plastidic 30:38 arg1 β-amylase3 15:24 β-amylase3 15:24 β-amylase3 15:24 β-Amylase1 and β-amylase3 are plastidic starch hydrolases in Arabidopsis That Seem to Be Adapted for Different Thermal, pH, and stress conditions. 25293962 0 53 theme plastidic 30:38 arg1 β-Amylase1 0:9 β-Amylase1 0:9 β-Amylase1 0:9 β-Amylase1 and β-amylase3 are plastidic starch hydrolases in Arabidopsis That Seem to Be Adapted for Different Thermal, pH, and stress conditions. 25293962 0 53 theme plastidic 30:38 arg1 hydrolases 47:56 plastidic starch hydrolases 30:56 plastidic starch hydrolases in Arabidopsis That Seem to Be Adapted for Different Thermal, pH, and stress conditions 30:144 β-Amylase1 and β-amylase3 are plastidic starch hydrolases in Arabidopsis That Seem to Be Adapted for Different Thermal, pH, and stress conditions. 25293962 7 54 from Analysis 939:946 arg1 mutants 977:983 double mutants 970:983 double mutants 970:983 Analysis of leaf extracts from double mutants and purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins revealed that these proteins have distinct properties. 25293962 7 54 from Analysis 939:946 arg1 proteins 1012:1019 purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins 989:1019 purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins 989:1019 Analysis of leaf extracts from double mutants and purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins revealed that these proteins have distinct properties. 25293962 8 55 theme optimum 1133:1139 arg1 activity 1141:1148 optimum activity 1133:1148 optimum activity 1133:1148 Using soluble starch as the substrate, BAM1 and BAM3 had optimum activity at pH 6.0 to 6.5, but at high pH, BAM1 was more active than BAM3, consistent with its known daytime role in the guard cell stroma. 25293962 10 56 theme known 1559:1563 arg1 adaptations 1565:1575 known adaptations 1559:1575 known adaptations of proteins from heat- and cold-adapted organisms 1559:1625 The amino acid composition of BAM1 and BAM3 orthologs reflected differences that are consistent with known adaptations of proteins from heat- and cold-adapted organisms, suggesting that these day- and night-active enzymes have undergone thermal adaptation. 25293962 1 57 theme BAM 202:204 arg1 activity 207:214 β-amylase (BAM) activity 191:214 β-amylase (BAM) activity 191:214 Starch degradation in chloroplasts requires β-amylase (BAM) activity, which is encoded by a multigene family. 25293962 0 58 theme stress 128:133 arg1 conditions 135:144 Different Thermal, pH, and stress conditions 101:144 conditions 135:144 β-Amylase1 and β-amylase3 are plastidic starch hydrolases in Arabidopsis That Seem to Be Adapted for Different Thermal, pH, and stress conditions. 25293962 4 59 theme activity 613:620 arg1 part 585:588 part 585:588 part because of a cytosolic activity encoded by BAM5 585:636 Plastidic BAMs have been difficult to assay in leaf extracts, in part because of a cytosolic activity encoded by BAM5. 25293962 5 60 theme plastidic 789:797 arg1 activity 799:806 the plastidic activity 785:806 the plastidic activity in 5-week-old plants 785:827 We generated a series of double mutants lacking BAM5 and each of the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) and found that most of the plastidic activity in 5-week-old plants was encoded by BAM1 and BAM3. 25293962 8 61 contain had 1129:1131 arg1 BAM3 1124:1127 BAM3 1124:1127 BAM3 1124:1127 Using soluble starch as the substrate, BAM1 and BAM3 had optimum activity at pH 6.0 to 6.5, but at high pH, BAM1 was more active than BAM3, consistent with its known daytime role in the guard cell stroma. 25293962 8 61 contain had 1129:1131 arg1 BAM1 1115:1118 BAM1 1115:1118 BAM1 1115:1118 Using soluble starch as the substrate, BAM1 and BAM3 had optimum activity at pH 6.0 to 6.5, but at high pH, BAM1 was more active than BAM3, consistent with its known daytime role in the guard cell stroma. 25293962 8 61 contain had 1129:1131 arg2 activity 1141:1148 optimum activity 1133:1148 optimum activity 1133:1148 Using soluble starch as the substrate, BAM1 and BAM3 had optimum activity at pH 6.0 to 6.5, but at high pH, BAM1 was more active than BAM3, consistent with its known daytime role in the guard cell stroma. 25293962 10 62 theme day- 1650:1653 arg1 enzymes 1672:1678 these day- and night-active enzymes 1644:1678 these day- and night-active enzymes 1644:1678 The amino acid composition of BAM1 and BAM3 orthologs reflected differences that are consistent with known adaptations of proteins from heat- and cold-adapted organisms, suggesting that these day- and night-active enzymes have undergone thermal adaptation. 25293962 10 63 dep BAM1 1488:1491 arg1 orthologs 1502:1510 orthologs 1502:1510 orthologs 1502:1510 The amino acid composition of BAM1 and BAM3 orthologs reflected differences that are consistent with known adaptations of proteins from heat- and cold-adapted organisms, suggesting that these day- and night-active enzymes have undergone thermal adaptation. 25293962 2 64 theme BAM 300:302 arg1 genes 304:308 nine Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BAM genes 260:308 nine Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BAM genes 260:308 Of nine Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BAM genes, six encode plastidic enzymes, but only four of these are catalytically active. 25293962 8 65 theme daytime 1242:1248 arg1 role 1250:1253 its known daytime role 1232:1253 its known daytime role in the guard cell stroma 1232:1278 Using soluble starch as the substrate, BAM1 and BAM3 had optimum activity at pH 6.0 to 6.5, but at high pH, BAM1 was more active than BAM3, consistent with its known daytime role in the guard cell stroma. 25293962 10 66 theme heat- 1594:1598 arg1 organisms 1617:1625 heat- and cold-adapted organisms 1594:1625 heat- and cold-adapted organisms 1594:1625 The amino acid composition of BAM1 and BAM3 orthologs reflected differences that are consistent with known adaptations of proteins from heat- and cold-adapted organisms, suggesting that these day- and night-active enzymes have undergone thermal adaptation. 25293962 3 67 theme dominant 473:480 arg1 activity 482:489 the dominant activity 469:489 the dominant activity in mesophyll cells at night 469:517 In vegetative plants, BAM1 acts during the day in guard cells, whereas BAM3 is the dominant activity in mesophyll cells at night. 25293962 3 67 theme dominant 473:480 arg1 BAM3 461:464 BAM3 461:464 BAM3 461:464 In vegetative plants, BAM1 acts during the day in guard cells, whereas BAM3 is the dominant activity in mesophyll cells at night. 25293962 3 68 dep acts 417:420 arg1 whereas 453:459 whereas 453:459 whereas 453:459 In vegetative plants, BAM1 acts during the day in guard cells, whereas BAM3 is the dominant activity in mesophyll cells at night. 25293962 7 69 contain have 1050:1053 arg2 properties 1064:1073 distinct properties 1055:1073 distinct properties 1055:1073 Analysis of leaf extracts from double mutants and purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins revealed that these proteins have distinct properties. 25293962 7 69 contain have 1050:1053 arg1 proteins 1041:1048 these proteins 1035:1048 these proteins 1035:1048 Analysis of leaf extracts from double mutants and purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins revealed that these proteins have distinct properties. 25293962 2 70 theme thaliana 290:297 arg1 genes 304:308 nine Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BAM genes 260:308 nine Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BAM genes 260:308 Of nine Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BAM genes, six encode plastidic enzymes, but only four of these are catalytically active. 25293962 4 71 theme Plastidic 520:528 arg1 BAMs 530:533 Plastidic BAMs 520:533 Plastidic BAMs 520:533 Plastidic BAMs have been difficult to assay in leaf extracts, in part because of a cytosolic activity encoded by BAM5. 25293962 7 72 theme distinct 1055:1062 arg1 properties 1064:1073 distinct properties 1055:1073 distinct properties 1055:1073 Analysis of leaf extracts from double mutants and purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins revealed that these proteins have distinct properties. 25293962 10 73 theme cold-adapted 1604:1615 arg1 organisms 1617:1625 heat- and cold-adapted organisms 1594:1625 heat- and cold-adapted organisms 1594:1625 The amino acid composition of BAM1 and BAM3 orthologs reflected differences that are consistent with known adaptations of proteins from heat- and cold-adapted organisms, suggesting that these day- and night-active enzymes have undergone thermal adaptation. 25293962 10 74 theme proteins 1580:1587 arg1 adaptations 1565:1575 known adaptations 1559:1575 known adaptations of proteins from heat- and cold-adapted organisms 1559:1625 The amino acid composition of BAM1 and BAM3 orthologs reflected differences that are consistent with known adaptations of proteins from heat- and cold-adapted organisms, suggesting that these day- and night-active enzymes have undergone thermal adaptation. 25293962 2 75 theme plastidic 322:330 arg1 six 311:313 six 311:313 six 311:313 Of nine Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BAM genes, six encode plastidic enzymes, but only four of these are catalytically active. 25293962 2 75 theme plastidic 322:330 arg1 enzymes 332:338 plastidic enzymes 322:338 plastidic enzymes 322:338 Of nine Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BAM genes, six encode plastidic enzymes, but only four of these are catalytically active. 25293962 3 76 from activity 482:489 arg1 cells 504:508 mesophyll cells 494:508 mesophyll cells 494:508 In vegetative plants, BAM1 acts during the day in guard cells, whereas BAM3 is the dominant activity in mesophyll cells at night. 25293962 10 77 theme night-active 1659:1670 arg1 enzymes 1672:1678 these day- and night-active enzymes 1644:1678 these day- and night-active enzymes 1644:1678 The amino acid composition of BAM1 and BAM3 orthologs reflected differences that are consistent with known adaptations of proteins from heat- and cold-adapted organisms, suggesting that these day- and night-active enzymes have undergone thermal adaptation. 25293962 8 78 theme cell 1268:1271 arg1 stroma 1273:1278 the guard cell stroma 1258:1278 the guard cell stroma 1258:1278 Using soluble starch as the substrate, BAM1 and BAM3 had optimum activity at pH 6.0 to 6.5, but at high pH, BAM1 was more active than BAM3, consistent with its known daytime role in the guard cell stroma. 25293962 5 79 dep enzymes 725:731 arg1 BAM6 756:759 BAM6 756:759 BAM6 756:759 We generated a series of double mutants lacking BAM5 and each of the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) and found that most of the plastidic activity in 5-week-old plants was encoded by BAM1 and BAM3. 25293962 5 79 dep enzymes 725:731 arg1 BAM2 740:743 BAM2 740:743 BAM2 740:743 We generated a series of double mutants lacking BAM5 and each of the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) and found that most of the plastidic activity in 5-week-old plants was encoded by BAM1 and BAM3. 25293962 5 79 dep enzymes 725:731 arg1 BAM1 734:737 BAM1 734:737 BAM1 734:737 We generated a series of double mutants lacking BAM5 and each of the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) and found that most of the plastidic activity in 5-week-old plants was encoded by BAM1 and BAM3. 25293962 5 79 dep enzymes 725:731 arg1 enzymes 725:731 the active plastidic enzymes 704:731 the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) 704:760 We generated a series of double mutants lacking BAM5 and each of the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) and found that most of the plastidic activity in 5-week-old plants was encoded by BAM1 and BAM3. 25293962 5 79 dep enzymes 725:731 arg1 BAM3 746:749 BAM3 746:749 BAM3 746:749 We generated a series of double mutants lacking BAM5 and each of the active plastidic enzymes (BAM1, BAM2, BAM3, and BAM6) and found that most of the plastidic activity in 5-week-old plants was encoded by BAM1 and BAM3. 25293962 7 80 theme BAM1 998:1001 arg1 proteins 1012:1019 purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins 989:1019 purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins 989:1019 Analysis of leaf extracts from double mutants and purified BAM1 and BAM3 proteins revealed that these proteins have distinct properties. 25293962 8 81 from pH 1180:1181 arg1 active 1198:1203 active 1198:1203 active 1198:1203 Using soluble starch as the substrate, BAM1 and BAM3 had optimum activity at pH 6.0 to 6.5, but at high pH, BAM1 was more active than BAM3, consistent with its known daytime role in the guard cell stroma. 24478213 9 0 theme gene 922:925 arg1 similarities 936:947 moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 897:947 moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3% 897:961 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that these strains and the members of the genus Streptomyces exhibited moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3%, with the most closely related strains being Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T and Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. 24478213 9 1 theme sequence 796:803 arg1 comparisons 805:815 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 782:815 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 782:815 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that these strains and the members of the genus Streptomyces exhibited moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3%, with the most closely related strains being Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T and Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. 24478213 9 2 theme sequence 927:934 arg1 similarities 936:947 moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 897:947 moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3% 897:961 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that these strains and the members of the genus Streptomyces exhibited moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3%, with the most closely related strains being Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T and Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. 24478213 2 3 theme borealis 100:107 arg1 soil 122:125 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 87:125 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 87:125 nov., isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 10 4 dep sp 1257:1258 arg1 names 1226:1230 the names 1222:1230 the names 1222:1230 Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data, the four strains are considered to represent two novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the names Streptomyces graminisoli sp. 24478213 7 5 contain contained 662:670 arg2 glucose 672:678 glucose 672:678 glucose 672:678 Whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained glucose and ribose. 24478213 7 5 contain contained 662:670 arg2 ribose 684:689 ribose 684:689 ribose 684:689 Whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained glucose and ribose. 24478213 7 5 contain contained 662:670 arg1 hydrolysates 642:653 Whole-cell hydrolysates 631:653 Whole-cell hydrolysates 631:653 Whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained glucose and ribose. 24478213 5 6 theme Microscopic 406:416 arg1 observation 418:428 Microscopic observation 406:428 Microscopic observation 406:428 Microscopic observation revealed that the four strains produced spirales spore chains with spiny surfaces. 24478213 2 7 theme Sasa 95:98 arg1 soil 122:125 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 87:125 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 87:125 nov., isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 9 8 dep Streptomyces 1008:1019 arg1 shenzhenensis 1021:1033 shenzhenensis 1021:1033 shenzhenensis 1021:1033 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that these strains and the members of the genus Streptomyces exhibited moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3%, with the most closely related strains being Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T and Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. 24478213 10 9 theme Streptomyces 1232:1243 arg1 sp 1257:1258 Streptomyces graminisoli sp 1232:1258 Streptomyces graminisoli sp 1232:1258 Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data, the four strains are considered to represent two novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the names Streptomyces graminisoli sp. 24478213 10 10 theme graminisoli 1245:1255 arg1 sp 1257:1258 Streptomyces graminisoli sp 1232:1258 Streptomyces graminisoli sp 1232:1258 Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data, the four strains are considered to represent two novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the names Streptomyces graminisoli sp. 24478213 10 11 theme Streptomyces 1198:1209 arg1 species 1177:1183 two novel species 1167:1183 two novel species 1167:1183 Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data, the four strains are considered to represent two novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the names Streptomyces graminisoli sp. 24478213 6 12 contain contained 561:569 arg2 alanine 610:616 alanine 610:616 alanine 610:616 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the four strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 24478213 6 12 contain contained 561:569 arg2 acid 604:607 glutamic acid 595:607 glutamic acid 595:607 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the four strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 24478213 6 12 contain contained 561:569 arg1 peptidoglycan 527:539 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 513:539 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the four strains 513:559 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the four strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 24478213 6 12 contain contained 561:569 arg2 glycine 622:628 glycine 622:628 glycine 622:628 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the four strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 24478213 6 12 contain contained 561:569 arg2 acid 589:592 ll-diaminopimelic acid 571:592 ll-diaminopimelic acid 571:592 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the four strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 24478213 4 13 theme genus 386:390 arg1 Streptomyces 392:403 the genus Streptomyces 382:403 the genus Streptomyces 382:403 Phylogenetic, morphological, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analysis demonstrated that the four strains belong to the genus Streptomyces. 24478213 11 14 theme Streptomyces 1388:1399 arg1 sp 1413:1414 Streptomyces rhizophilus sp 1388:1414 Streptomyces rhizophilus sp 1388:1414 nov. [to accommodate strains JR-19T (type strain; =KACC 16472T=NBRC 108883T), JR-12 (=KACC 16471) and JR-29 (=KACC 16473)] and Streptomyces rhizophilus sp. 24478213 10 15 theme genus 1192:1196 arg1 Streptomyces 1198:1209 the genus Streptomyces 1188:1209 the genus Streptomyces 1188:1209 Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data, the four strains are considered to represent two novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the names Streptomyces graminisoli sp. 24478213 7 16 theme Whole-cell 631:640 arg1 hydrolysates 642:653 Whole-cell hydrolysates 631:653 Whole-cell hydrolysates 631:653 Whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained glucose and ribose. 24478213 3 17 theme actinomycete 144:155 arg1 strains 169:175 actinomycete, designated strains 144:175 actinomycete, designated strains 144:175 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 11 18 theme rhizophilus 1401:1411 arg1 sp 1413:1414 Streptomyces rhizophilus sp 1388:1414 Streptomyces rhizophilus sp 1388:1414 nov. [to accommodate strains JR-19T (type strain; =KACC 16472T=NBRC 108883T), JR-12 (=KACC 16471) and JR-29 (=KACC 16473)] and Streptomyces rhizophilus sp. 24478213 9 19 theme % 961:961 arg1 similarities 936:947 moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 897:947 moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3% 897:961 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that these strains and the members of the genus Streptomyces exhibited moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3%, with the most closely related strains being Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T and Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. 24478213 10 20 theme genotypic 1106:1114 arg1 data 1116:1119 the phenotypic and genotypic data 1087:1119 the phenotypic and genotypic data 1087:1119 Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data, the four strains are considered to represent two novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the names Streptomyces graminisoli sp. 24478213 3 21 theme bamboo 228:233 arg1 soil 263:266 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 228:266 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 228:266 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 9 22 dep Streptomyces 1047:1058 arg1 gramineus 1060:1068 gramineus 1060:1068 gramineus 1060:1068 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that these strains and the members of the genus Streptomyces exhibited moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3%, with the most closely related strains being Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T and Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. 24478213 4 23 theme Phylogenetic 269:280 arg1 analysis 328:335 Phylogenetic, morphological, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analysis 269:335 Phylogenetic, morphological, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analysis 269:335 Phylogenetic, morphological, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analysis demonstrated that the four strains belong to the genus Streptomyces. 24478213 0 24 theme graminisoli 13:23 arg1 sp 25:26 Streptomyces graminisoli sp 0:26 Streptomyces graminisoli sp. 0:27 Streptomyces graminisoli sp. 24478213 9 25 theme 16S 913:915 arg1 similarities 936:947 moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 897:947 moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3% 897:961 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that these strains and the members of the genus Streptomyces exhibited moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3%, with the most closely related strains being Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T and Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. 24478213 8 26 theme predominant 696:706 arg1 menaquinones 708:719 The predominant menaquinones 692:719 The predominant menaquinones 692:719 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8). 24478213 8 26 theme predominant 696:706 arg1 MK-9 726:729 MK-9 726:729 MK-9 726:729 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8). 24478213 0 27 theme Streptomyces 0:11 arg1 sp 25:26 Streptomyces graminisoli sp 0:26 Streptomyces graminisoli sp. 0:27 Streptomyces graminisoli sp. 24478213 11 28 theme type 1298:1301 arg1 JR-19T 1290:1295 JR-19T 1290:1295 JR-19T 1290:1295 nov. [to accommodate strains JR-19T (type strain; =KACC 16472T=NBRC 108883T), JR-12 (=KACC 16471) and JR-29 (=KACC 16473)] and Streptomyces rhizophilus sp. 24478213 11 28 theme type 1298:1301 arg1 strain 1303:1308 type strain 1298:1308 type strain 1298:1308 nov. [to accommodate strains JR-19T (type strain; =KACC 16472T=NBRC 108883T), JR-12 (=KACC 16471) and JR-29 (=KACC 16473)] and Streptomyces rhizophilus sp. 24478213 3 29 theme strains 169:175 arg1 JR-19T 177:182 JR-19T 177:182 JR-19T 177:182 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 3 29 theme strains 169:175 arg1 JR-12 185:189 JR-12 185:189 JR-12 185:189 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 3 29 theme strains 169:175 arg1 JR-29 192:196 JR-29 192:196 JR-29 192:196 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 3 29 theme strains 169:175 arg1 JR-41T 202:207 JR-41T 202:207 JR-41T 202:207 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 3 29 theme strains 169:175 arg1 strains 133:139 Four strains 128:139 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T 128:207 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 11 30 theme =KACC 1311:1315 arg1 108883T 1329:1335 =KACC 16472T=NBRC 108883T 1311:1335 =KACC 16472T=NBRC 108883T 1311:1335 nov. [to accommodate strains JR-19T (type strain; =KACC 16472T=NBRC 108883T), JR-12 (=KACC 16471) and JR-29 (=KACC 16473)] and Streptomyces rhizophilus sp. 24478213 9 31 theme rRNA 786:789 arg1 comparisons 805:815 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 782:815 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 782:815 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that these strains and the members of the genus Streptomyces exhibited moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3%, with the most closely related strains being Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T and Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. 24478213 3 32 theme borealis 241:248 arg1 soil 263:266 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 228:266 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 228:266 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 11 33 dep strains 1282:1288 arg1 JR-29 1363:1367 JR-29 1363:1367 JR-29 1363:1367 nov. [to accommodate strains JR-19T (type strain; =KACC 16472T=NBRC 108883T), JR-12 (=KACC 16471) and JR-29 (=KACC 16473)] and Streptomyces rhizophilus sp. 24478213 11 33 dep strains 1282:1288 arg1 strain 1303:1308 type strain 1298:1308 type strain 1298:1308 nov. [to accommodate strains JR-19T (type strain; =KACC 16472T=NBRC 108883T), JR-12 (=KACC 16471) and JR-29 (=KACC 16473)] and Streptomyces rhizophilus sp. 24478213 11 33 dep strains 1282:1288 arg1 JR-12 1339:1343 JR-12 1339:1343 JR-12 1339:1343 nov. [to accommodate strains JR-19T (type strain; =KACC 16472T=NBRC 108883T), JR-12 (=KACC 16471) and JR-29 (=KACC 16473)] and Streptomyces rhizophilus sp. 24478213 11 33 dep strains 1282:1288 arg1 =KACC 1346:1350 =KACC 16471 1346:1356 =KACC 16471 1346:1356 nov. [to accommodate strains JR-19T (type strain; =KACC 16472T=NBRC 108883T), JR-12 (=KACC 16471) and JR-29 (=KACC 16473)] and Streptomyces rhizophilus sp. 24478213 11 33 dep strains 1282:1288 arg1 strains 1282:1288 strains JR-19T (type strain; =KACC 16472T=NBRC 108883T), JR-12 (=KACC 16471) and JR-29 (=KACC 16473)] 1282:1382 strains JR-19T (type strain; =KACC 16472T=NBRC 108883T), JR-12 (=KACC 16471) and JR-29 (=KACC 16473)] 1282:1382 nov. [to accommodate strains JR-19T (type strain; =KACC 16472T=NBRC 108883T), JR-12 (=KACC 16471) and JR-29 (=KACC 16473)] and Streptomyces rhizophilus sp. 24478213 11 33 dep strains 1282:1288 arg1 =KACC 1370:1374 =KACC 16473 1370:1380 =KACC 16473 1370:1380 nov. [to accommodate strains JR-19T (type strain; =KACC 16472T=NBRC 108883T), JR-12 (=KACC 16471) and JR-29 (=KACC 16473)] and Streptomyces rhizophilus sp. 24478213 11 33 dep strains 1282:1288 arg1 JR-19T 1290:1295 JR-19T 1290:1295 JR-19T 1290:1295 nov. [to accommodate strains JR-19T (type strain; =KACC 16472T=NBRC 108883T), JR-12 (=KACC 16471) and JR-29 (=KACC 16473)] and Streptomyces rhizophilus sp. 24478213 6 34 theme glutamic 595:602 arg1 acid 604:607 glutamic acid 595:607 glutamic acid 595:607 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the four strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 24478213 5 35 theme spore 479:483 arg1 chains 485:490 spirales spore chains 470:490 spirales spore chains 470:490 Microscopic observation revealed that the four strains produced spirales spore chains with spiny surfaces. 24478213 5 36 theme spirales 470:477 arg1 chains 485:490 spirales spore chains 470:490 spirales spore chains 470:490 Microscopic observation revealed that the four strains produced spirales spore chains with spiny surfaces. 24478213 12 37 theme 16580T=NBRC 1448:1458 arg1 108885T 1460:1466 =KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T 1442:1466 =KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T 1442:1466 nov. [for strain JR-41T (=KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T)] are proposed. 24478213 12 37 theme 16580T=NBRC 1448:1458 arg1 JR-41T 1434:1439 nov. [for strain JR-41T 1417:1439 nov. [for strain JR-41T (=KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T)] 1417:1468 nov. [for strain JR-41T (=KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T)] are proposed. 24478213 3 38 dep strains 133:139 arg1 JR-19T 177:182 JR-19T 177:182 JR-19T 177:182 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 3 38 dep strains 133:139 arg1 JR-41T 202:207 JR-41T 202:207 JR-41T 202:207 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 3 38 dep strains 133:139 arg1 strains 133:139 Four strains 128:139 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T 128:207 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 3 38 dep strains 133:139 arg1 JR-29 192:196 JR-29 192:196 JR-29 192:196 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 3 38 dep strains 133:139 arg1 JR-12 185:189 JR-12 185:189 JR-12 185:189 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 9 39 theme related 986:992 arg1 172115T 1035:1041 Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T 1008:1041 Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T 1008:1041 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that these strains and the members of the genus Streptomyces exhibited moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3%, with the most closely related strains being Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T and Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. 24478213 9 39 theme related 986:992 arg1 strains 994:1000 the most closely related strains 969:1000 the most closely related strains 969:1000 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that these strains and the members of the genus Streptomyces exhibited moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3%, with the most closely related strains being Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T and Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. 24478213 12 40 theme [for 1422:1425 arg1 108885T 1460:1466 =KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T 1442:1466 =KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T 1442:1466 nov. [for strain JR-41T (=KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T)] are proposed. 24478213 12 40 theme [for 1422:1425 arg1 JR-41T 1434:1439 nov. [for strain JR-41T 1417:1439 nov. [for strain JR-41T (=KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T)] 1417:1468 nov. [for strain JR-41T (=KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T)] are proposed. 24478213 3 41 theme Sasa 236:239 arg1 soil 263:266 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 228:266 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 228:266 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 9 42 theme Phylogenetic 751:762 arg1 analysis 764:771 Phylogenetic analysis 751:771 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 751:815 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that these strains and the members of the genus Streptomyces exhibited moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3%, with the most closely related strains being Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T and Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. 24478213 4 43 theme phenotypic 317:326 arg1 analysis 328:335 Phylogenetic, morphological, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analysis 269:335 Phylogenetic, morphological, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analysis 269:335 Phylogenetic, morphological, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analysis demonstrated that the four strains belong to the genus Streptomyces. 24478213 6 44 theme ll-diaminopimelic 571:587 arg1 acid 589:592 ll-diaminopimelic acid 571:592 ll-diaminopimelic acid 571:592 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the four strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 24478213 2 45 theme bamboo 87:92 arg1 soil 122:125 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 87:125 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 87:125 nov., isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 9 46 theme Streptomyces 874:885 arg1 strains 837:843 these strains 831:843 these strains 831:843 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that these strains and the members of the genus Streptomyces exhibited moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3%, with the most closely related strains being Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T and Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. 24478213 9 46 theme Streptomyces 874:885 arg1 members 853:859 the members 849:859 the members of the genus Streptomyces 849:885 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that these strains and the members of the genus Streptomyces exhibited moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3%, with the most closely related strains being Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T and Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. 24478213 10 47 theme novel 1171:1175 arg1 species 1177:1183 two novel species 1167:1183 two novel species 1167:1183 Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data, the four strains are considered to represent two novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the names Streptomyces graminisoli sp. 24478213 9 48 theme genus 868:872 arg1 Streptomyces 874:885 the genus Streptomyces 864:885 the genus Streptomyces 864:885 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that these strains and the members of the genus Streptomyces exhibited moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3%, with the most closely related strains being Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T and Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. 24478213 10 49 theme phenotypic 1091:1100 arg1 data 1116:1119 the phenotypic and genotypic data 1087:1119 the phenotypic and genotypic data 1087:1119 Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data, the four strains are considered to represent two novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the names Streptomyces graminisoli sp. 24478213 9 50 theme Streptomyces 1008:1019 arg1 172115T 1035:1041 Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T 1008:1041 Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T 1008:1041 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that these strains and the members of the genus Streptomyces exhibited moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3%, with the most closely related strains being Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T and Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. 24478213 9 50 theme Streptomyces 1008:1019 arg1 strains 994:1000 the most closely related strains 969:1000 the most closely related strains 969:1000 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that these strains and the members of the genus Streptomyces exhibited moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3%, with the most closely related strains being Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T and Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. 24478213 9 51 theme gene 791:794 arg1 comparisons 805:815 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 782:815 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 782:815 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that these strains and the members of the genus Streptomyces exhibited moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3%, with the most closely related strains being Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T and Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. 24478213 3 52 theme rhizosphere 251:261 arg1 soil 263:266 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 228:266 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 228:266 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 12 53 theme strain 1427:1432 arg1 108885T 1460:1466 =KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T 1442:1466 =KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T 1442:1466 nov. [for strain JR-41T (=KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T)] are proposed. 24478213 12 53 theme strain 1427:1432 arg1 JR-41T 1434:1439 nov. [for strain JR-41T 1417:1439 nov. [for strain JR-41T (=KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T)] 1417:1468 nov. [for strain JR-41T (=KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T)] are proposed. 24478213 12 54 theme nov. 1417:1420 arg1 108885T 1460:1466 =KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T 1442:1466 =KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T 1442:1466 nov. [for strain JR-41T (=KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T)] are proposed. 24478213 12 54 theme nov. 1417:1420 arg1 JR-41T 1434:1439 nov. [for strain JR-41T 1417:1439 nov. [for strain JR-41T (=KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T)] 1417:1468 nov. [for strain JR-41T (=KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T)] are proposed. 24478213 3 55 dep actinomycete 144:155 arg1 designated 158:167 designated 158:167 designated 158:167 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 11 56 theme 16472T=NBRC 1317:1327 arg1 108883T 1329:1335 =KACC 16472T=NBRC 108883T 1311:1335 =KACC 16472T=NBRC 108883T 1311:1335 nov. [to accommodate strains JR-19T (type strain; =KACC 16472T=NBRC 108883T), JR-12 (=KACC 16471) and JR-29 (=KACC 16473)] and Streptomyces rhizophilus sp. 24478213 9 57 theme high 908:911 arg1 similarities 936:947 moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 897:947 moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3% 897:961 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that these strains and the members of the genus Streptomyces exhibited moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3%, with the most closely related strains being Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T and Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. 24478213 12 58 theme =KACC 1442:1446 arg1 108885T 1460:1466 =KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T 1442:1466 =KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T 1442:1466 nov. [for strain JR-41T (=KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T)] are proposed. 24478213 12 58 theme =KACC 1442:1446 arg1 JR-41T 1434:1439 nov. [for strain JR-41T 1417:1439 nov. [for strain JR-41T (=KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T)] 1417:1468 nov. [for strain JR-41T (=KACC 16580T=NBRC 108885T)] are proposed. 24478213 9 59 theme 16S 782:784 arg1 comparisons 805:815 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 782:815 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 782:815 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that these strains and the members of the genus Streptomyces exhibited moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3%, with the most closely related strains being Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T and Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. 24478213 4 60 theme morphological 283:295 arg1 analysis 328:335 Phylogenetic, morphological, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analysis 269:335 Phylogenetic, morphological, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analysis 269:335 Phylogenetic, morphological, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analysis demonstrated that the four strains belong to the genus Streptomyces. 24478213 5 61 theme spiny 497:501 arg1 surfaces 503:510 spiny surfaces 497:510 spiny surfaces 497:510 Microscopic observation revealed that the four strains produced spirales spore chains with spiny surfaces. 24478213 6 62 theme strains 553:559 arg1 peptidoglycan 527:539 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 513:539 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the four strains 513:559 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the four strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 24478213 1 63 theme Streptomyces 38:49 arg1 sp 63:64 Streptomyces rhizophilus sp 38:64 Streptomyces rhizophilus sp 38:64 nov. and Streptomyces rhizophilus sp. 24478213 11 64 dep strain 1303:1308 arg1 108883T 1329:1335 =KACC 16472T=NBRC 108883T 1311:1335 =KACC 16472T=NBRC 108883T 1311:1335 nov. [to accommodate strains JR-19T (type strain; =KACC 16472T=NBRC 108883T), JR-12 (=KACC 16471) and JR-29 (=KACC 16473)] and Streptomyces rhizophilus sp. 24478213 3 65 attach isolated 214:221 arg2 JR-12 185:189 JR-12 185:189 JR-12 185:189 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 3 65 attach isolated 214:221 arg1 soil 263:266 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 228:266 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 228:266 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 3 65 attach isolated 214:221 arg2 JR-29 192:196 JR-29 192:196 JR-29 192:196 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 3 65 attach isolated 214:221 arg2 strains 133:139 Four strains 128:139 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T 128:207 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 3 65 attach isolated 214:221 arg2 JR-19T 177:182 JR-19T 177:182 JR-19T 177:182 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 3 65 attach isolated 214:221 arg2 JR-41T 202:207 JR-41T 202:207 JR-41T 202:207 Four strains of actinomycete, designated strains JR-19T, JR-12, JR-29 and JR-41T were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 9 66 theme rRNA 917:920 arg1 similarities 936:947 moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 897:947 moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3% 897:961 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that these strains and the members of the genus Streptomyces exhibited moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3%, with the most closely related strains being Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T and Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. 24478213 2 67 theme rhizosphere 110:120 arg1 soil 122:125 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 87:125 bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil 87:125 nov., isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. 24478213 1 68 theme rhizophilus 51:61 arg1 sp 63:64 Streptomyces rhizophilus sp 38:64 Streptomyces rhizophilus sp 38:64 nov. and Streptomyces rhizophilus sp. 24478213 4 69 theme chemotaxonomic 298:311 arg1 analysis 328:335 Phylogenetic, morphological, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analysis 269:335 Phylogenetic, morphological, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analysis 269:335 Phylogenetic, morphological, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analysis demonstrated that the four strains belong to the genus Streptomyces. 24478213 9 70 theme Streptomyces 1047:1058 arg1 JR-43T 1070:1075 Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T 1047:1075 Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T 1047:1075 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that these strains and the members of the genus Streptomyces exhibited moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3-99.3%, with the most closely related strains being Streptomyces shenzhenensis 172115T and Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. 24478213 6 71 theme cell-wall 517:525 arg1 peptidoglycan 527:539 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 513:539 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the four strains 513:559 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the four strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. 27239905 0 0 theme 5-aminosalicylic 88:103 arg1 acid 105:108 5-aminosalicylic acid 88:108 5-aminosalicylic acid 88:108 Mucoadhesive microparticulates based on polysaccharide for target dual drug delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid and curcumin to inflamed colon. 27239905 2 1 theme CMPs 458:461 arg1 properties 440:449 The physicochemical properties 420:449 The physicochemical properties of the CMPs 420:461 The physicochemical properties of the CMPs were evaluated. 27239905 5 2 theme mucoadhesive 822:833 arg1 tests 835:839 Ex vivo mucoadhesive tests 814:839 Ex vivo mucoadhesive tests 814:839 Ex vivo mucoadhesive tests showed CMPs have excellent mucosa adhesion for the colonic mucosa of rats. 27239905 6 3 theme treatment 924:932 arg1 effect 934:939 In vivo treatment effect 916:939 In vivo treatment effect of enteric microparticulates systems 916:976 In vivo treatment effect of enteric microparticulates systems was evaluated in colitis rats. 27239905 3 4 theme release 669:675 arg1 property 677:684 a pH-sensitive release property 654:684 a pH-sensitive release property 654:684 In vitro release was performed in gradually pH-changing medium simulating the conditions of different parts of GIT, and the results showed that the Eudragit S-100 coating has a pH-sensitive release property, which can avoid drug being released at a pH lower than 7. 27239905 7 5 theme drug 1068:1071 arg1 system 1082:1087 this drug delivery system 1063:1087 this drug delivery system 1063:1087 The results showed superior therapeutic efficiency of this drug delivery system for the colitis rats induced by TNBS. 27239905 8 6 theme microparticulates 1150:1166 arg1 systems 1168:1174 the enteric microparticulates systems 1138:1174 the enteric microparticulates systems 1138:1174 Therefore, the enteric microparticulates systems combined the properties of pH dependent delivery, mucoadhesive, and control release, and could be an available tool for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease. 27239905 1 7 theme thiolated 156:164 arg1 microparticulates 194:210 thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates 156:210 thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 156:242 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 1 7 theme thiolated 156:164 arg1 system 383:388 a multi drug delivery system 361:388 a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis 361:417 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 1 7 theme thiolated 156:164 arg1 CMPs 213:216 CMPs 213:216 CMPs 213:216 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 1 8 theme colon-specific 263:276 arg1 delivery 278:285 colon-specific delivery 263:285 colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR) 263:337 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 5 9 theme colonic 892:898 arg1 mucosa 900:905 the colonic mucosa 888:905 the colonic mucosa of rats 888:913 Ex vivo mucoadhesive tests showed CMPs have excellent mucosa adhesion for the colonic mucosa of rats. 27239905 4 10 used used 771:774 arg2 method 760:765 An everted sac method 745:765 An everted sac method 745:765 An everted sac method was used to evaluate the mucoadhesion of CMPs. 27239905 0 11 theme acid 105:108 arg1 delivery 76:83 target dual drug delivery 59:83 target dual drug delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid and curcumin to inflamed colon 59:139 Mucoadhesive microparticulates based on polysaccharide for target dual drug delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid and curcumin to inflamed colon. 27239905 4 12 theme CMPs 808:811 arg1 mucoadhesion 792:803 the mucoadhesion 788:803 the mucoadhesion of CMPs 788:811 An everted sac method was used to evaluate the mucoadhesion of CMPs. 27239905 1 13 theme colitis 411:417 arg1 treatment 398:406 the treatment 394:406 the treatment of colitis 394:417 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 7 14 theme superior 1028:1035 arg1 efficiency 1049:1058 superior therapeutic efficiency 1028:1058 superior therapeutic efficiency of this drug delivery system for the colitis rats induced by TNBS 1028:1124 The results showed superior therapeutic efficiency of this drug delivery system for the colitis rats induced by TNBS. 27239905 1 15 theme chitosan/alginate 166:182 arg1 microparticulates 194:210 thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates 156:210 thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 156:242 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 1 15 theme chitosan/alginate 166:182 arg1 system 383:388 a multi drug delivery system 361:388 a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis 361:417 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 1 15 theme chitosan/alginate 166:182 arg1 CMPs 213:216 CMPs 213:216 CMPs 213:216 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 0 16 theme curcumin 114:121 arg1 delivery 76:83 target dual drug delivery 59:83 target dual drug delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid and curcumin to inflamed colon 59:139 Mucoadhesive microparticulates based on polysaccharide for target dual drug delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid and curcumin to inflamed colon. 27239905 7 17 theme therapeutic 1037:1047 arg1 efficiency 1049:1058 superior therapeutic efficiency 1028:1058 superior therapeutic efficiency of this drug delivery system for the colitis rats induced by TNBS 1028:1124 The results showed superior therapeutic efficiency of this drug delivery system for the colitis rats induced by TNBS. 27239905 5 18 theme rats 910:913 arg1 mucosa 900:905 the colonic mucosa 888:905 the colonic mucosa of rats 888:913 Ex vivo mucoadhesive tests showed CMPs have excellent mucosa adhesion for the colonic mucosa of rats. 27239905 8 19 theme inflammatory 1319:1330 arg1 disease 1338:1344 human inflammatory bowel disease 1313:1344 human inflammatory bowel disease 1313:1344 Therefore, the enteric microparticulates systems combined the properties of pH dependent delivery, mucoadhesive, and control release, and could be an available tool for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease. 27239905 1 20 theme composite 184:192 arg1 microparticulates 194:210 thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates 156:210 thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 156:242 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 1 20 theme composite 184:192 arg1 system 383:388 a multi drug delivery system 361:388 a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis 361:417 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 1 20 theme composite 184:192 arg1 CMPs 213:216 CMPs 213:216 CMPs 213:216 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 1 21 theme it 355:356 arg1 use 348:350 the use 344:350 the use of it 344:356 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 1 21 theme it 355:356 arg1 delivery 278:285 colon-specific delivery 263:285 colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR) 263:337 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 3 22 dep has 650:652 arg1 avoid 697:701 avoid 697:701 can avoid drug being released at a pH lower than 7 693:742 In vitro release was performed in gradually pH-changing medium simulating the conditions of different parts of GIT, and the results showed that the Eudragit S-100 coating has a pH-sensitive release property, which can avoid drug being released at a pH lower than 7. 27239905 5 23 theme mucosa 868:873 arg1 adhesion 875:882 excellent mucosa adhesion 858:882 excellent mucosa adhesion 858:882 Ex vivo mucoadhesive tests showed CMPs have excellent mucosa adhesion for the colonic mucosa of rats. 27239905 0 24 theme Mucoadhesive 0:11 arg1 microparticulates 13:29 Mucoadhesive microparticulates 0:29 Mucoadhesive microparticulates 0:29 Mucoadhesive microparticulates based on polysaccharide for target dual drug delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid and curcumin to inflamed colon. 27239905 1 25 theme 5-aminosalicylic 290:305 arg1 5-ASA 313:317 5-ASA 313:317 5-ASA 313:317 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 1 25 theme 5-aminosalicylic 290:305 arg1 acid 307:310 5-aminosalicylic acid 290:310 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) 290:318 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 8 26 theme enteric 1142:1148 arg1 systems 1168:1174 the enteric microparticulates systems 1138:1174 the enteric microparticulates systems 1138:1174 Therefore, the enteric microparticulates systems combined the properties of pH dependent delivery, mucoadhesive, and control release, and could be an available tool for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease. 27239905 3 27 dep In 479:480 arg1 vitro 482:486 vitro 482:486 vitro 482:486 In vitro release was performed in gradually pH-changing medium simulating the conditions of different parts of GIT, and the results showed that the Eudragit S-100 coating has a pH-sensitive release property, which can avoid drug being released at a pH lower than 7. 27239905 6 28 theme colitis 995:1001 arg1 rats 1003:1006 colitis rats 995:1006 colitis rats 995:1006 In vivo treatment effect of enteric microparticulates systems was evaluated in colitis rats. 27239905 7 29 theme colitis 1097:1103 arg1 rats 1105:1108 the colitis rats 1093:1108 the colitis rats induced by TNBS 1093:1124 The results showed superior therapeutic efficiency of this drug delivery system for the colitis rats induced by TNBS. 27239905 1 30 theme acid 307:310 arg1 use 348:350 the use 344:350 the use of it 344:356 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 1 30 theme acid 307:310 arg1 delivery 278:285 colon-specific delivery 263:285 colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR) 263:337 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 8 31 theme bowel 1332:1336 arg1 disease 1338:1344 human inflammatory bowel disease 1313:1344 human inflammatory bowel disease 1313:1344 Therefore, the enteric microparticulates systems combined the properties of pH dependent delivery, mucoadhesive, and control release, and could be an available tool for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease. 27239905 3 32 theme pH-changing 523:533 arg1 medium 535:540 gradually pH-changing medium 513:540 gradually pH-changing medium simulating the conditions of different parts of GIT 513:592 In vitro release was performed in gradually pH-changing medium simulating the conditions of different parts of GIT, and the results showed that the Eudragit S-100 coating has a pH-sensitive release property, which can avoid drug being released at a pH lower than 7. 27239905 4 33 theme sac 756:758 arg1 method 760:765 An everted sac method 745:765 An everted sac method 745:765 An everted sac method was used to evaluate the mucoadhesion of CMPs. 27239905 8 34 theme dependent 1206:1214 arg1 delivery 1216:1223 pH dependent delivery 1203:1223 pH dependent delivery 1203:1223 Therefore, the enteric microparticulates systems combined the properties of pH dependent delivery, mucoadhesive, and control release, and could be an available tool for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease. 27239905 0 35 theme inflamed 126:133 arg1 colon 135:139 inflamed colon 126:139 inflamed colon 126:139 Mucoadhesive microparticulates based on polysaccharide for target dual drug delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid and curcumin to inflamed colon. 27239905 8 36 theme human 1313:1317 arg1 disease 1338:1344 human inflammatory bowel disease 1313:1344 human inflammatory bowel disease 1313:1344 Therefore, the enteric microparticulates systems combined the properties of pH dependent delivery, mucoadhesive, and control release, and could be an available tool for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease. 27239905 3 37 theme In 479:480 arg1 release 488:494 In vitro release 479:494 In vitro release 479:494 In vitro release was performed in gradually pH-changing medium simulating the conditions of different parts of GIT, and the results showed that the Eudragit S-100 coating has a pH-sensitive release property, which can avoid drug being released at a pH lower than 7. 27239905 2 38 theme physicochemical 424:438 arg1 properties 440:449 The physicochemical properties 420:449 The physicochemical properties of the CMPs 420:461 The physicochemical properties of the CMPs were evaluated. 27239905 8 39 theme available 1277:1285 arg1 tool 1287:1290 an available tool 1274:1290 an available tool for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease 1274:1344 Therefore, the enteric microparticulates systems combined the properties of pH dependent delivery, mucoadhesive, and control release, and could be an available tool for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease. 27239905 3 40 theme different 571:579 arg1 parts 581:585 different parts 571:585 different parts of GIT 571:592 In vitro release was performed in gradually pH-changing medium simulating the conditions of different parts of GIT, and the results showed that the Eudragit S-100 coating has a pH-sensitive release property, which can avoid drug being released at a pH lower than 7. 27239905 7 41 theme delivery 1073:1080 arg1 system 1082:1087 this drug delivery system 1063:1087 this drug delivery system 1063:1087 The results showed superior therapeutic efficiency of this drug delivery system for the colitis rats induced by TNBS. 27239905 6 42 theme microparticulates 952:968 arg1 systems 970:976 enteric microparticulates systems 944:976 enteric microparticulates systems 944:976 In vivo treatment effect of enteric microparticulates systems was evaluated in colitis rats. 27239905 1 43 theme multi 363:367 arg1 microparticulates 194:210 thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates 156:210 thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 156:242 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 1 43 theme multi 363:367 arg1 system 383:388 a multi drug delivery system 361:388 a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis 361:417 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 3 44 theme parts 581:585 arg1 conditions 557:566 the conditions 553:566 the conditions of different parts of GIT 553:592 In vitro release was performed in gradually pH-changing medium simulating the conditions of different parts of GIT, and the results showed that the Eudragit S-100 coating has a pH-sensitive release property, which can avoid drug being released at a pH lower than 7. 27239905 6 45 theme systems 970:976 arg1 effect 934:939 In vivo treatment effect 916:939 In vivo treatment effect of enteric microparticulates systems 916:976 In vivo treatment effect of enteric microparticulates systems was evaluated in colitis rats. 27239905 0 46 theme dual 66:69 arg1 delivery 76:83 target dual drug delivery 59:83 target dual drug delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid and curcumin to inflamed colon 59:139 Mucoadhesive microparticulates based on polysaccharide for target dual drug delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid and curcumin to inflamed colon. 27239905 1 47 theme drug 369:372 arg1 microparticulates 194:210 thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates 156:210 thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 156:242 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 1 47 theme drug 369:372 arg1 system 383:388 a multi drug delivery system 361:388 a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis 361:417 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 8 48 theme disease 1338:1344 arg1 treatment 1300:1308 the treatment 1296:1308 the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease 1296:1344 Therefore, the enteric microparticulates systems combined the properties of pH dependent delivery, mucoadhesive, and control release, and could be an available tool for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease. 27239905 8 49 theme release 1252:1258 arg1 properties 1189:1198 the properties 1185:1198 the properties of pH dependent delivery, mucoadhesive, and control release 1185:1258 Therefore, the enteric microparticulates systems combined the properties of pH dependent delivery, mucoadhesive, and control release, and could be an available tool for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease. 27239905 0 50 theme target 59:64 arg1 delivery 76:83 target dual drug delivery 59:83 target dual drug delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid and curcumin to inflamed colon 59:139 Mucoadhesive microparticulates based on polysaccharide for target dual drug delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid and curcumin to inflamed colon. 27239905 1 51 theme curcumin 324:331 arg1 use 348:350 the use 344:350 the use of it 344:356 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 1 51 theme curcumin 324:331 arg1 delivery 278:285 colon-specific delivery 263:285 colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR) 263:337 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 6 52 dep In 916:917 arg1 vivo 919:922 vivo 919:922 vivo 919:922 In vivo treatment effect of enteric microparticulates systems was evaluated in colitis rats. 27239905 1 53 theme delivery 374:381 arg1 microparticulates 194:210 thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates 156:210 thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 156:242 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 1 53 theme delivery 374:381 arg1 system 383:388 a multi drug delivery system 361:388 a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis 361:417 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 6 54 theme In 916:917 arg1 effect 934:939 In vivo treatment effect 916:939 In vivo treatment effect of enteric microparticulates systems 916:976 In vivo treatment effect of enteric microparticulates systems was evaluated in colitis rats. 27239905 8 55 theme mucoadhesive 1226:1237 arg1 properties 1189:1198 the properties 1185:1198 the properties of pH dependent delivery, mucoadhesive, and control release 1185:1258 Therefore, the enteric microparticulates systems combined the properties of pH dependent delivery, mucoadhesive, and control release, and could be an available tool for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease. 27239905 3 56 theme coating 642:648 arg1 S-100 636:640 the Eudragit S-100 coating 623:648 the Eudragit S-100 coating 623:648 In vitro release was performed in gradually pH-changing medium simulating the conditions of different parts of GIT, and the results showed that the Eudragit S-100 coating has a pH-sensitive release property, which can avoid drug being released at a pH lower than 7. 27239905 7 57 theme system 1082:1087 arg1 efficiency 1049:1058 superior therapeutic efficiency 1028:1058 superior therapeutic efficiency of this drug delivery system for the colitis rats induced by TNBS 1028:1124 The results showed superior therapeutic efficiency of this drug delivery system for the colitis rats induced by TNBS. 27239905 4 58 theme everted 748:754 arg1 method 760:765 An everted sac method 745:765 An everted sac method 745:765 An everted sac method was used to evaluate the mucoadhesion of CMPs. 27239905 8 59 theme control 1244:1250 arg1 release 1252:1258 control release 1244:1258 control release 1244:1258 Therefore, the enteric microparticulates systems combined the properties of pH dependent delivery, mucoadhesive, and control release, and could be an available tool for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease. 27239905 5 60 dep Ex 814:815 arg1 vivo 817:820 vivo 817:820 vivo 817:820 Ex vivo mucoadhesive tests showed CMPs have excellent mucosa adhesion for the colonic mucosa of rats. 27239905 1 61 theme Eudragit 229:236 arg1 S-100 238:242 Eudragit S-100 229:242 Eudragit S-100 229:242 In this work, thiolated chitosan/alginate composite microparticulates (CMPs) coated by Eudragit S-100 were developed for colon-specific delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and curcumin (CUR), and the use of it as a multi drug delivery system for the treatment of colitis. 27239905 5 62 dep CMPs 848:851 arg1 have 853:856 have 853:856 have excellent mucosa adhesion for the colonic mucosa of rats 853:913 Ex vivo mucoadhesive tests showed CMPs have excellent mucosa adhesion for the colonic mucosa of rats. 27239905 5 63 theme excellent 858:866 arg1 adhesion 875:882 excellent mucosa adhesion 858:882 excellent mucosa adhesion 858:882 Ex vivo mucoadhesive tests showed CMPs have excellent mucosa adhesion for the colonic mucosa of rats. 27239905 6 64 theme enteric 944:950 arg1 systems 970:976 enteric microparticulates systems 944:976 enteric microparticulates systems 944:976 In vivo treatment effect of enteric microparticulates systems was evaluated in colitis rats. 27239905 3 65 theme Eudragit 627:634 arg1 S-100 636:640 the Eudragit S-100 coating 623:648 the Eudragit S-100 coating 623:648 In vitro release was performed in gradually pH-changing medium simulating the conditions of different parts of GIT, and the results showed that the Eudragit S-100 coating has a pH-sensitive release property, which can avoid drug being released at a pH lower than 7. 27239905 8 66 theme delivery 1216:1223 arg1 properties 1189:1198 the properties 1185:1198 the properties of pH dependent delivery, mucoadhesive, and control release 1185:1258 Therefore, the enteric microparticulates systems combined the properties of pH dependent delivery, mucoadhesive, and control release, and could be an available tool for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease. 27239905 5 67 theme Ex 814:815 arg1 tests 835:839 Ex vivo mucoadhesive tests 814:839 Ex vivo mucoadhesive tests 814:839 Ex vivo mucoadhesive tests showed CMPs have excellent mucosa adhesion for the colonic mucosa of rats. 27239905 0 68 theme drug 71:74 arg1 delivery 76:83 target dual drug delivery 59:83 target dual drug delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid and curcumin to inflamed colon 59:139 Mucoadhesive microparticulates based on polysaccharide for target dual drug delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid and curcumin to inflamed colon. 27239905 3 69 theme pH-sensitive 656:667 arg1 property 677:684 a pH-sensitive release property 654:684 a pH-sensitive release property 654:684 In vitro release was performed in gradually pH-changing medium simulating the conditions of different parts of GIT, and the results showed that the Eudragit S-100 coating has a pH-sensitive release property, which can avoid drug being released at a pH lower than 7. 27239905 3 70 theme GIT 590:592 arg1 parts 581:585 different parts 571:585 different parts of GIT 571:592 In vitro release was performed in gradually pH-changing medium simulating the conditions of different parts of GIT, and the results showed that the Eudragit S-100 coating has a pH-sensitive release property, which can avoid drug being released at a pH lower than 7. 27239905 3 71 contain has 650:652 arg1 S-100 636:640 the Eudragit S-100 coating 623:648 the Eudragit S-100 coating 623:648 In vitro release was performed in gradually pH-changing medium simulating the conditions of different parts of GIT, and the results showed that the Eudragit S-100 coating has a pH-sensitive release property, which can avoid drug being released at a pH lower than 7. 27239905 3 71 contain has 650:652 arg2 property 677:684 a pH-sensitive release property 654:684 a pH-sensitive release property 654:684 In vitro release was performed in gradually pH-changing medium simulating the conditions of different parts of GIT, and the results showed that the Eudragit S-100 coating has a pH-sensitive release property, which can avoid drug being released at a pH lower than 7. 28824618 12 0 from IgG 1875:1877 arg1 galactosylation 1812:1826 galactosylation 1812:1826 galactosylation 1812:1826 In conclusion, fucosylation and galactosylation are primary mediators of functional changes in IgG for FcγR- and complement-mediated effector functions, respectively, with galactose having an auxiliary role for FcγRIII-mediated functions. 28824618 12 0 from IgG 1875:1877 arg1 mediators 1840:1848 primary mediators 1832:1848 primary mediators of functional changes in IgG 1832:1877 In conclusion, fucosylation and galactosylation are primary mediators of functional changes in IgG for FcγR- and complement-mediated effector functions, respectively, with galactose having an auxiliary role for FcγRIII-mediated functions. 28824618 12 0 from IgG 1875:1877 arg1 fucosylation 1795:1806 fucosylation 1795:1806 fucosylation 1795:1806 In conclusion, fucosylation and galactosylation are primary mediators of functional changes in IgG for FcγR- and complement-mediated effector functions, respectively, with galactose having an auxiliary role for FcγRIII-mediated functions. 28824618 10 1 theme NK 1551:1552 arg1 cytotoxicity 1596:1607 enhanced NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 1542:1607 enhanced NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 1542:1607 We confirmed that hypo-fucosylation of IgG1 increased binding to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb by ~17-fold, but in addition we showed that this effect could be further increased to ~40-fold for FcγRIIIa upon simultaneous hypo-fucosylation and hyper-galactosylation, resulting in enhanced NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. 28824618 13 2 theme antigen-specific 2103:2118 arg1 IgG 2121:2123 clinically important (antigen-specific) IgG 2081:2123 clinically important (antigen-specific) IgG 2081:2123 This knowledge could be used not only for glycan profiling of clinically important (antigen-specific) IgG but also to optimize therapeutic antibody applications. 28824618 8 3 theme major 1064:1068 arg1 IgG1-glycoforms 1076:1090 all 20 major human IgG1-glycoforms 1057:1090 all 20 major human IgG1-glycoforms 1057:1090 Here, we combined six glyco-engineering methods to generate all 20 major human IgG1-glycoforms and screened their functional capacity for FcγR and complement activity. 28824618 11 4 theme complement 1739:1748 arg1 deposition 1750:1759 downstream complement deposition 1728:1759 downstream complement deposition 1728:1759 Moreover, elevated galactosylation and sialylation significantly increased (independent of fucosylation) C1q-binding, downstream complement deposition, and cytotoxicity. 28824618 2 5 theme IgG1-glycoforms 283:297 arg1 IgG1-glycoforms 283:297 IgG1-glycoforms 283:297 IgG1-glycoforms 283:297 A variety of IgG1-glycoforms is detected in human sera. 28824618 2 5 theme IgG1-glycoforms 283:297 arg1 variety 272:278 A variety 270:278 A variety of IgG1-glycoforms 270:297 A variety of IgG1-glycoforms is detected in human sera. 28824618 7 6 theme glycoforms 883:892 arg1 contribution 845:856 the contribution 841:856 the contribution of the 20 individual IgG glycoforms, in which the combined effect of all 4 modifications, to the IgG function 841:966 However, the contribution of the 20 individual IgG glycoforms, in which the combined effect of all 4 modifications, to the IgG function has never been investigated. 28824618 12 7 theme functional 1853:1862 arg1 changes 1864:1870 functional changes 1853:1870 functional changes in IgG 1853:1877 In conclusion, fucosylation and galactosylation are primary mediators of functional changes in IgG for FcγR- and complement-mediated effector functions, respectively, with galactose having an auxiliary role for FcγRIII-mediated functions. 28824618 9 8 contain had 1229:1231 arg2 effect 1247:1252 little effect 1240:1252 little effect 1240:1252 Bisection had no effect on FcγR or C1q-binding, and sialylation had no- or little effect on FcγR binding. 28824618 9 8 contain had 1229:1231 arg1 sialylation 1217:1227 sialylation 1217:1227 sialylation 1217:1227 Bisection had no effect on FcγR or C1q-binding, and sialylation had no- or little effect on FcγR binding. 28824618 9 8 contain had 1229:1231 arg2 no- 1233:1235 no- 1233:1235 no- 1233:1235 Bisection had no effect on FcγR or C1q-binding, and sialylation had no- or little effect on FcγR binding. 28824618 7 9 theme individual 868:877 arg1 glycoforms 883:892 the 20 individual IgG glycoforms 861:892 the 20 individual IgG glycoforms 861:892 However, the contribution of the 20 individual IgG glycoforms, in which the combined effect of all 4 modifications, to the IgG function has never been investigated. 28824618 5 10 theme autoimmune 660:669 arg1 diseases 671:678 autoimmune diseases 660:678 autoimmune diseases 660:678 Additionally, IgG-glycan composition contributes significantly to Ig-based therapies, as for example IVIg in autoimmune diseases and therapeutic antibodies for cancer treatment. 28824618 2 11 theme human 314:318 arg1 sera 320:323 human sera 314:323 human sera 314:323 A variety of IgG1-glycoforms is detected in human sera. 28824618 11 12 dep increased 1675:1683 arg1 independent 1686:1696 independent 1686:1696 independent 1686:1696 Moreover, elevated galactosylation and sialylation significantly increased (independent of fucosylation) C1q-binding, downstream complement deposition, and cytotoxicity. 28824618 9 13 theme little 1240:1245 arg1 effect 1247:1252 little effect 1240:1252 little effect 1240:1252 Bisection had no effect on FcγR or C1q-binding, and sialylation had no- or little effect on FcγR binding. 28824618 5 14 theme cancer 711:716 arg1 treatment 718:726 cancer treatment 711:726 cancer treatment 711:726 Additionally, IgG-glycan composition contributes significantly to Ig-based therapies, as for example IVIg in autoimmune diseases and therapeutic antibodies for cancer treatment. 28824618 5 15 theme IgG-glycan 565:574 arg1 composition 576:586 IgG-glycan composition 565:586 IgG-glycan composition 565:586 Additionally, IgG-glycan composition contributes significantly to Ig-based therapies, as for example IVIg in autoimmune diseases and therapeutic antibodies for cancer treatment. 28824618 13 16 dep profiling 2068:2076 arg1 only 2052:2055 only 2052:2055 only 2052:2055 This knowledge could be used not only for glycan profiling of clinically important (antigen-specific) IgG but also to optimize therapeutic antibody applications. 28824618 13 17 used used 2043:2046 arg2 knowledge 2024:2032 This knowledge 2019:2032 This knowledge 2019:2032 This knowledge could be used not only for glycan profiling of clinically important (antigen-specific) IgG but also to optimize therapeutic antibody applications. 28824618 1 18 theme G 170:170 arg1 tail 181:184 the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Fc tail 151:184 the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Fc tail 151:184 Glycosylation of the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Fc tail is required for binding to Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs) and complement-component C1q. 28824618 0 19 theme Fc-Receptor- 76:87 arg1 Activities 122:131 Fc-Receptor- and Complement-Mediated-Effector Activities 76:131 Fc-Receptor- and Complement-Mediated-Effector Activities 76:131 Decoding the Human Immunoglobulin G-Glycan Repertoire Reveals a Spectrum of Fc-Receptor- and Complement-Mediated-Effector Activities. 28824618 8 20 theme glyco-engineering 1019:1035 arg1 methods 1037:1043 six glyco-engineering methods 1015:1043 six glyco-engineering methods 1015:1043 Here, we combined six glyco-engineering methods to generate all 20 major human IgG1-glycoforms and screened their functional capacity for FcγR and complement activity. 28824618 1 21 theme -Fc 177:179 arg1 tail 181:184 the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Fc tail 151:184 the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Fc tail 151:184 Glycosylation of the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Fc tail is required for binding to Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs) and complement-component C1q. 28824618 0 22 theme Complement-Mediated-Effector 93:120 arg1 Activities 122:131 Fc-Receptor- and Complement-Mediated-Effector Activities 76:131 Fc-Receptor- and Complement-Mediated-Effector Activities 76:131 Decoding the Human Immunoglobulin G-Glycan Repertoire Reveals a Spectrum of Fc-Receptor- and Complement-Mediated-Effector Activities. 28824618 7 23 theme IgG 955:957 arg1 function 959:966 the IgG function 951:966 the IgG function 951:966 However, the contribution of the 20 individual IgG glycoforms, in which the combined effect of all 4 modifications, to the IgG function has never been investigated. 28824618 7 24 gly glycoforms 883:892 arg1 IgG 879:881 the 20 individual IgG glycoforms 861:892 the 20 individual IgG glycoforms 861:892 However, the contribution of the 20 individual IgG glycoforms, in which the combined effect of all 4 modifications, to the IgG function has never been investigated. 28824618 13 25 theme therapeutic 2146:2156 arg1 applications 2167:2178 therapeutic antibody applications 2146:2178 therapeutic antibody applications 2146:2178 This knowledge could be used not only for glycan profiling of clinically important (antigen-specific) IgG but also to optimize therapeutic antibody applications. 28824618 3 26 theme IgG 390:392 arg1 glycosylation 394:406 IgG glycosylation 390:406 IgG glycosylation 390:406 Several groups have found global or antigen-specific skewing of IgG glycosylation, for example in autoimmune diseases, viral infections, and alloimmune reactions. 28824618 7 27 from effect 917:922 arg1 glycoforms 883:892 the 20 individual IgG glycoforms 861:892 the 20 individual IgG glycoforms 861:892 However, the contribution of the 20 individual IgG glycoforms, in which the combined effect of all 4 modifications, to the IgG function has never been investigated. 28824618 3 28 theme autoimmune 424:433 arg1 diseases 435:442 autoimmune diseases 424:442 autoimmune diseases 424:442 Several groups have found global or antigen-specific skewing of IgG glycosylation, for example in autoimmune diseases, viral infections, and alloimmune reactions. 28824618 12 29 theme FcγRIII-mediated 1991:2006 arg1 functions 2008:2016 FcγRIII-mediated functions 1991:2016 FcγRIII-mediated functions 1991:2016 In conclusion, fucosylation and galactosylation are primary mediators of functional changes in IgG for FcγR- and complement-mediated effector functions, respectively, with galactose having an auxiliary role for FcγRIII-mediated functions. 28824618 7 30 theme modifications 933:945 arg1 effect 917:922 the combined effect 904:922 the combined effect of all 4 modifications 904:945 However, the contribution of the 20 individual IgG glycoforms, in which the combined effect of all 4 modifications, to the IgG function has never been investigated. 28824618 12 31 from mediators 1840:1848 arg1 conclusion 1783:1792 conclusion 1783:1792 conclusion 1783:1792 In conclusion, fucosylation and galactosylation are primary mediators of functional changes in IgG for FcγR- and complement-mediated effector functions, respectively, with galactose having an auxiliary role for FcγRIII-mediated functions. 28824618 12 31 from mediators 1840:1848 arg1 IgG 1875:1877 IgG 1875:1877 IgG 1875:1877 In conclusion, fucosylation and galactosylation are primary mediators of functional changes in IgG for FcγR- and complement-mediated effector functions, respectively, with galactose having an auxiliary role for FcγRIII-mediated functions. 28824618 0 32 theme Human 13:17 arg1 Repertoire 43:52 the Human Immunoglobulin G-Glycan Repertoire 9:52 the Human Immunoglobulin G-Glycan Repertoire 9:52 Decoding the Human Immunoglobulin G-Glycan Repertoire Reveals a Spectrum of Fc-Receptor- and Complement-Mediated-Effector Activities. 28824618 0 33 theme G-Glycan 34:41 arg1 Repertoire 43:52 the Human Immunoglobulin G-Glycan Repertoire 9:52 the Human Immunoglobulin G-Glycan Repertoire 9:52 Decoding the Human Immunoglobulin G-Glycan Repertoire Reveals a Spectrum of Fc-Receptor- and Complement-Mediated-Effector Activities. 28824618 12 34 theme complement-mediated 1893:1911 arg1 functions 1922:1930 complement-mediated effector functions 1893:1930 complement-mediated effector functions 1893:1930 In conclusion, fucosylation and galactosylation are primary mediators of functional changes in IgG for FcγR- and complement-mediated effector functions, respectively, with galactose having an auxiliary role for FcγRIII-mediated functions. 28824618 10 35 theme enhanced 1542:1549 arg1 cytotoxicity 1596:1607 enhanced NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 1542:1607 enhanced NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 1542:1607 We confirmed that hypo-fucosylation of IgG1 increased binding to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb by ~17-fold, but in addition we showed that this effect could be further increased to ~40-fold for FcγRIIIa upon simultaneous hypo-fucosylation and hyper-galactosylation, resulting in enhanced NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. 28824618 13 36 theme IgG 2121:2123 arg1 profiling 2068:2076 glycan profiling 2061:2076 glycan profiling of clinically important (antigen-specific) IgG 2061:2123 This knowledge could be used not only for glycan profiling of clinically important (antigen-specific) IgG but also to optimize therapeutic antibody applications. 28824618 9 37 contain had 1175:1177 arg2 effect 1182:1187 no effect 1179:1187 no effect 1179:1187 Bisection had no effect on FcγR or C1q-binding, and sialylation had no- or little effect on FcγR binding. 28824618 9 37 contain had 1175:1177 arg1 Bisection 1165:1173 Bisection 1165:1173 Bisection 1165:1173 Bisection had no effect on FcγR or C1q-binding, and sialylation had no- or little effect on FcγR binding. 28824618 8 38 theme functional 1111:1120 arg1 capacity 1122:1129 their functional capacity 1105:1129 their functional capacity 1105:1129 Here, we combined six glyco-engineering methods to generate all 20 major human IgG1-glycoforms and screened their functional capacity for FcγR and complement activity. 28824618 10 39 theme cellular 1587:1594 arg1 cytotoxicity 1596:1607 enhanced NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 1542:1607 enhanced NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 1542:1607 We confirmed that hypo-fucosylation of IgG1 increased binding to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb by ~17-fold, but in addition we showed that this effect could be further increased to ~40-fold for FcγRIIIa upon simultaneous hypo-fucosylation and hyper-galactosylation, resulting in enhanced NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. 28824618 13 40 theme important 2092:2100 arg1 IgG 2121:2123 clinically important (antigen-specific) IgG 2081:2123 clinically important (antigen-specific) IgG 2081:2123 This knowledge could be used not only for glycan profiling of clinically important (antigen-specific) IgG but also to optimize therapeutic antibody applications. 28824618 10 41 theme cell-mediated 1554:1566 arg1 cytotoxicity 1596:1607 enhanced NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 1542:1607 enhanced NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 1542:1607 We confirmed that hypo-fucosylation of IgG1 increased binding to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb by ~17-fold, but in addition we showed that this effect could be further increased to ~40-fold for FcγRIIIa upon simultaneous hypo-fucosylation and hyper-galactosylation, resulting in enhanced NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. 28824618 6 42 theme different 747:755 arg1 modifications 764:776 the different glycan modifications 743:776 the different glycan modifications 743:776 The effect of the different glycan modifications, especially of fucosylation, has been studied before. 28824618 7 43 theme combined 908:915 arg1 effect 917:922 the combined effect 904:922 the combined effect of all 4 modifications 904:945 However, the contribution of the 20 individual IgG glycoforms, in which the combined effect of all 4 modifications, to the IgG function has never been investigated. 28824618 1 44 theme complement-component 244:263 arg1 C1q 265:267 complement-component C1q 244:267 complement-component C1q 244:267 Glycosylation of the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Fc tail is required for binding to Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs) and complement-component C1q. 28824618 11 45 theme fucosylation 1701:1712 arg1 independent 1686:1696 independent 1686:1696 independent 1686:1696 Moreover, elevated galactosylation and sialylation significantly increased (independent of fucosylation) C1q-binding, downstream complement deposition, and cytotoxicity. 28824618 5 46 theme therapeutic 684:694 arg1 antibodies 696:705 therapeutic antibodies 684:705 therapeutic antibodies for cancer treatment 684:726 Additionally, IgG-glycan composition contributes significantly to Ig-based therapies, as for example IVIg in autoimmune diseases and therapeutic antibodies for cancer treatment. 28824618 13 47 theme glycan 2061:2066 arg1 profiling 2068:2076 glycan profiling 2061:2076 glycan profiling of clinically important (antigen-specific) IgG 2061:2123 This knowledge could be used not only for glycan profiling of clinically important (antigen-specific) IgG but also to optimize therapeutic antibody applications. 28824618 6 48 theme fucosylation 793:804 arg1 effect 733:738 The effect 729:738 The effect 729:738 The effect of the different glycan modifications, especially of fucosylation, has been studied before. 28824618 12 49 theme changes 1864:1870 arg1 galactosylation 1812:1826 galactosylation 1812:1826 galactosylation 1812:1826 In conclusion, fucosylation and galactosylation are primary mediators of functional changes in IgG for FcγR- and complement-mediated effector functions, respectively, with galactose having an auxiliary role for FcγRIII-mediated functions. 28824618 12 49 theme changes 1864:1870 arg1 mediators 1840:1848 primary mediators 1832:1848 primary mediators of functional changes in IgG 1832:1877 In conclusion, fucosylation and galactosylation are primary mediators of functional changes in IgG for FcγR- and complement-mediated effector functions, respectively, with galactose having an auxiliary role for FcγRIII-mediated functions. 28824618 12 49 theme changes 1864:1870 arg1 fucosylation 1795:1806 fucosylation 1795:1806 fucosylation 1795:1806 In conclusion, fucosylation and galactosylation are primary mediators of functional changes in IgG for FcγR- and complement-mediated effector functions, respectively, with galactose having an auxiliary role for FcγRIII-mediated functions. 28824618 1 50 theme tail 181:184 arg1 Glycosylation 134:146 Glycosylation 134:146 Glycosylation of the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Fc tail 134:184 Glycosylation of the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Fc tail is required for binding to Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs) and complement-component C1q. 28824618 8 51 dep FcγR 1135:1138 arg1 activity 1155:1162 activity 1155:1162 activity 1155:1162 Here, we combined six glyco-engineering methods to generate all 20 major human IgG1-glycoforms and screened their functional capacity for FcγR and complement activity. 28824618 11 52 theme downstream 1728:1737 arg1 deposition 1750:1759 downstream complement deposition 1728:1759 downstream complement deposition 1728:1759 Moreover, elevated galactosylation and sialylation significantly increased (independent of fucosylation) C1q-binding, downstream complement deposition, and cytotoxicity. 28824618 7 53 theme IgG 879:881 arg1 glycoforms 883:892 the 20 individual IgG glycoforms 861:892 the 20 individual IgG glycoforms 861:892 However, the contribution of the 20 individual IgG glycoforms, in which the combined effect of all 4 modifications, to the IgG function has never been investigated. 28824618 12 54 theme primary 1832:1838 arg1 galactosylation 1812:1826 galactosylation 1812:1826 galactosylation 1812:1826 In conclusion, fucosylation and galactosylation are primary mediators of functional changes in IgG for FcγR- and complement-mediated effector functions, respectively, with galactose having an auxiliary role for FcγRIII-mediated functions. 28824618 12 54 theme primary 1832:1838 arg1 mediators 1840:1848 primary mediators 1832:1848 primary mediators of functional changes in IgG 1832:1877 In conclusion, fucosylation and galactosylation are primary mediators of functional changes in IgG for FcγR- and complement-mediated effector functions, respectively, with galactose having an auxiliary role for FcγRIII-mediated functions. 28824618 12 54 theme primary 1832:1838 arg1 fucosylation 1795:1806 fucosylation 1795:1806 fucosylation 1795:1806 In conclusion, fucosylation and galactosylation are primary mediators of functional changes in IgG for FcγR- and complement-mediated effector functions, respectively, with galactose having an auxiliary role for FcγRIII-mediated functions. 28824618 1 55 theme Fc-gamma 213:220 arg1 FcγRs 233:237 FcγRs 233:237 FcγRs 233:237 Glycosylation of the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Fc tail is required for binding to Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs) and complement-component C1q. 28824618 1 55 theme Fc-gamma 213:220 arg1 receptors 222:230 Fc-gamma receptors 213:230 Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs) 213:238 Glycosylation of the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Fc tail is required for binding to Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs) and complement-component C1q. 28824618 10 56 gly hypo-fucosylation 1289:1305 arg1 IgG1 1310:1313 IgG1 1310:1313 IgG1 1310:1313 We confirmed that hypo-fucosylation of IgG1 increased binding to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb by ~17-fold, but in addition we showed that this effect could be further increased to ~40-fold for FcγRIIIa upon simultaneous hypo-fucosylation and hyper-galactosylation, resulting in enhanced NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. 28824618 9 57 theme FcγR 1257:1260 arg1 binding 1262:1268 FcγR binding 1257:1268 FcγR binding 1257:1268 Bisection had no effect on FcγR or C1q-binding, and sialylation had no- or little effect on FcγR binding. 28824618 1 58 theme immunoglobulin 155:168 arg1 IgG 173:175 IgG 173:175 IgG 173:175 Glycosylation of the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Fc tail is required for binding to Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs) and complement-component C1q. 28824618 1 58 theme immunoglobulin 155:168 arg1 G 170:170 immunoglobulin G 155:170 the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Fc tail 151:184 Glycosylation of the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Fc tail is required for binding to Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs) and complement-component C1q. 28824618 3 59 theme Several 326:332 arg1 groups 334:339 Several groups 326:339 Several groups 326:339 Several groups have found global or antigen-specific skewing of IgG glycosylation, for example in autoimmune diseases, viral infections, and alloimmune reactions. 28824618 0 60 theme Activities 122:131 arg1 Spectrum 64:71 a Spectrum 62:71 a Spectrum of Fc-Receptor- and Complement-Mediated-Effector Activities 62:131 Decoding the Human Immunoglobulin G-Glycan Repertoire Reveals a Spectrum of Fc-Receptor- and Complement-Mediated-Effector Activities. 28824618 3 61 theme antigen-specific 362:377 arg1 skewing 379:385 global or antigen-specific skewing 352:385 global or antigen-specific skewing of IgG glycosylation 352:406 Several groups have found global or antigen-specific skewing of IgG glycosylation, for example in autoimmune diseases, viral infections, and alloimmune reactions. 28824618 1 62 gly Glycosylation 134:146 arg1 tail 181:184 the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Fc tail 151:184 the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Fc tail 151:184 Glycosylation of the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Fc tail is required for binding to Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs) and complement-component C1q. 28824618 12 63 from changes 1864:1870 arg1 IgG 1875:1877 IgG 1875:1877 IgG 1875:1877 In conclusion, fucosylation and galactosylation are primary mediators of functional changes in IgG for FcγR- and complement-mediated effector functions, respectively, with galactose having an auxiliary role for FcγRIII-mediated functions. 28824618 3 64 theme global 352:357 arg1 skewing 379:385 global or antigen-specific skewing 352:385 global or antigen-specific skewing of IgG glycosylation 352:406 Several groups have found global or antigen-specific skewing of IgG glycosylation, for example in autoimmune diseases, viral infections, and alloimmune reactions. 28824618 4 65 theme IgG 493:495 arg1 glycoprofiles 497:509 The IgG glycoprofiles 489:509 The IgG glycoprofiles 489:509 The IgG glycoprofiles seem to correlate with disease outcome. 28824618 3 66 theme viral 445:449 arg1 infections 451:460 viral infections 445:460 viral infections 445:460 Several groups have found global or antigen-specific skewing of IgG glycosylation, for example in autoimmune diseases, viral infections, and alloimmune reactions. 28824618 13 67 theme antibody 2158:2165 arg1 applications 2167:2178 therapeutic antibody applications 2146:2178 therapeutic antibody applications 2146:2178 This knowledge could be used not only for glycan profiling of clinically important (antigen-specific) IgG but also to optimize therapeutic antibody applications. 28824618 8 68 theme human 1070:1074 arg1 IgG1-glycoforms 1076:1090 all 20 major human IgG1-glycoforms 1057:1090 all 20 major human IgG1-glycoforms 1057:1090 Here, we combined six glyco-engineering methods to generate all 20 major human IgG1-glycoforms and screened their functional capacity for FcγR and complement activity. 28824618 3 69 theme glycosylation 394:406 arg1 skewing 379:385 global or antigen-specific skewing 352:385 global or antigen-specific skewing of IgG glycosylation 352:406 Several groups have found global or antigen-specific skewing of IgG glycosylation, for example in autoimmune diseases, viral infections, and alloimmune reactions. 28824618 0 70 theme Immunoglobulin 19:32 arg1 Repertoire 43:52 the Human Immunoglobulin G-Glycan Repertoire 9:52 the Human Immunoglobulin G-Glycan Repertoire 9:52 Decoding the Human Immunoglobulin G-Glycan Repertoire Reveals a Spectrum of Fc-Receptor- and Complement-Mediated-Effector Activities. 28824618 5 71 theme Ig-based 617:624 arg1 therapies 626:634 Ig-based therapies 617:634 Ig-based therapies 617:634 Additionally, IgG-glycan composition contributes significantly to Ig-based therapies, as for example IVIg in autoimmune diseases and therapeutic antibodies for cancer treatment. 28824618 6 72 theme modifications 764:776 arg1 effect 733:738 The effect 729:738 The effect 729:738 The effect of the different glycan modifications, especially of fucosylation, has been studied before. 28824618 2 73 located detected 302:309 arg2 variety 272:278 A variety 270:278 A variety of IgG1-glycoforms 270:297 A variety of IgG1-glycoforms is detected in human sera. 28824618 2 73 located detected 302:309 arg2 IgG1-glycoforms 283:297 IgG1-glycoforms 283:297 IgG1-glycoforms 283:297 A variety of IgG1-glycoforms is detected in human sera. 28824618 2 73 located detected 302:309 arg1 sera 320:323 human sera 314:323 human sera 314:323 A variety of IgG1-glycoforms is detected in human sera. 28824618 10 74 theme IgG1 1310:1313 arg1 hypo-fucosylation 1289:1305 hypo-fucosylation 1289:1305 hypo-fucosylation of IgG1 1289:1313 We confirmed that hypo-fucosylation of IgG1 increased binding to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb by ~17-fold, but in addition we showed that this effect could be further increased to ~40-fold for FcγRIIIa upon simultaneous hypo-fucosylation and hyper-galactosylation, resulting in enhanced NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. 28824618 3 75 theme alloimmune 467:476 arg1 reactions 478:486 alloimmune reactions 467:486 alloimmune reactions 467:486 Several groups have found global or antigen-specific skewing of IgG glycosylation, for example in autoimmune diseases, viral infections, and alloimmune reactions. 28824618 5 76 from IVIg 652:655 arg1 diseases 671:678 autoimmune diseases 660:678 autoimmune diseases 660:678 Additionally, IgG-glycan composition contributes significantly to Ig-based therapies, as for example IVIg in autoimmune diseases and therapeutic antibodies for cancer treatment. 28824618 12 77 theme auxiliary 1972:1980 arg1 role 1982:1985 an auxiliary role 1969:1985 an auxiliary role for FcγRIII-mediated functions 1969:2016 In conclusion, fucosylation and galactosylation are primary mediators of functional changes in IgG for FcγR- and complement-mediated effector functions, respectively, with galactose having an auxiliary role for FcγRIII-mediated functions. 28824618 4 78 theme disease 534:540 arg1 outcome 542:548 disease outcome 534:548 disease outcome 534:548 The IgG glycoprofiles seem to correlate with disease outcome. 28824618 10 79 theme simultaneous 1471:1482 arg1 hypo-fucosylation 1484:1500 simultaneous hypo-fucosylation 1471:1500 simultaneous hypo-fucosylation 1471:1500 We confirmed that hypo-fucosylation of IgG1 increased binding to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb by ~17-fold, but in addition we showed that this effect could be further increased to ~40-fold for FcγRIIIa upon simultaneous hypo-fucosylation and hyper-galactosylation, resulting in enhanced NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. 28824618 5 80 from antibodies 696:705 arg1 diseases 671:678 autoimmune diseases 660:678 autoimmune diseases 660:678 Additionally, IgG-glycan composition contributes significantly to Ig-based therapies, as for example IVIg in autoimmune diseases and therapeutic antibodies for cancer treatment. 28824618 5 81 dep IVIg 652:655 arg1 example 644:650 example 644:650 example 644:650 Additionally, IgG-glycan composition contributes significantly to Ig-based therapies, as for example IVIg in autoimmune diseases and therapeutic antibodies for cancer treatment. 28824618 11 82 theme elevated 1620:1627 arg1 galactosylation 1629:1643 elevated galactosylation 1620:1643 elevated galactosylation 1620:1643 Moreover, elevated galactosylation and sialylation significantly increased (independent of fucosylation) C1q-binding, downstream complement deposition, and cytotoxicity. 28824618 12 83 theme effector 1913:1920 arg1 functions 1922:1930 complement-mediated effector functions 1893:1930 complement-mediated effector functions 1893:1930 In conclusion, fucosylation and galactosylation are primary mediators of functional changes in IgG for FcγR- and complement-mediated effector functions, respectively, with galactose having an auxiliary role for FcγRIII-mediated functions. 28824618 10 84 theme antibody-dependent 1568:1585 arg1 cytotoxicity 1596:1607 enhanced NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 1542:1607 enhanced NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 1542:1607 We confirmed that hypo-fucosylation of IgG1 increased binding to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb by ~17-fold, but in addition we showed that this effect could be further increased to ~40-fold for FcγRIIIa upon simultaneous hypo-fucosylation and hyper-galactosylation, resulting in enhanced NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. 28824618 6 85 theme glycan 757:762 arg1 modifications 764:776 the different glycan modifications 743:776 the different glycan modifications 743:776 The effect of the different glycan modifications, especially of fucosylation, has been studied before. 29134941 3 0 theme % 282:282 arg1 NaCl 290:293 2.0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl 274:293 2.0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl 274:293 Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 7.5 and with 2.0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 29134941 2 1 theme anaerobic 123:131 arg1 strain 133:138 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile and facultatively anaerobic strain 69:138 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile and facultatively anaerobic strain 69:138 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile and facultatively anaerobic strain, designated NC2-31T, was isolated from sediment from the coast of Weihai, PR China. 29134941 5 2 theme diagnostic 367:376 arg1 acid 386:389 a diagnostic diamino acid 365:389 a diagnostic diamino acid 365:389 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was a diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 29134941 5 2 theme diagnostic 367:376 arg1 acid 356:359 Meso-diaminopimelic acid 336:359 Meso-diaminopimelic acid 336:359 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was a diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 29134941 11 3 theme 33721T=MCCC 1156:1166 arg1 1K01239T 1168:1175 =KCTC 33721T=MCCC 1K01239T 1150:1175 =KCTC 33721T=MCCC 1K01239T 1150:1175 nov. is proposed with type strain NC2-31T (=KCTC 33721T=MCCC 1K01239T). 29134941 11 3 theme 33721T=MCCC 1156:1166 arg1 NC2-31T 1141:1147 type strain NC2-31T 1129:1147 type strain NC2-31T (=KCTC 33721T=MCCC 1K01239T) 1129:1176 nov. is proposed with type strain NC2-31T (=KCTC 33721T=MCCC 1K01239T). 29134941 7 4 theme strain 578:583 arg1 G+C content 559:569 The genomic DNA G+C content 543:569 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain 543:583 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 46.3 mol%. 29134941 7 4 theme strain 578:583 arg1 % 597:597 46.3 mol% 589:597 46.3 mol% 589:597 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 46.3 mol%. 29134941 5 5 theme diamino 378:384 arg1 acid 386:389 a diagnostic diamino acid 365:389 a diagnostic diamino acid 365:389 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was a diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 29134941 5 5 theme diamino 378:384 arg1 acid 356:359 Meso-diaminopimelic acid 336:359 Meso-diaminopimelic acid 336:359 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was a diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 29134941 8 6 theme predominant 604:614 arg1 acids 631:635 The predominant cellular fatty acids 600:635 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T 600:656 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 6 theme predominant 604:614 arg1 % 644:644 >10.0 % 638:644 >10.0 % 638:644 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 6 theme predominant 604:614 arg1  0 672:673  0 672:673  0 672:673 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 6 theme predominant 604:614 arg1 iso-C15  663:670 iso-C15  663:670 iso-C15  663:670 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 1 7 theme marine 52:57 arg1 sediment 59:66 marine sediment 52:66 marine sediment 52:66 nov., isolated from marine sediment. 29134941 10 8 from study 988:992 arg1 data 955:958 data 955:958 data from the current polyphasic study 955:992 Based on data from the current polyphasic study, NC2-31T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillusmarinisedimentorum sp. 29134941 7 9 theme genomic 547:553 arg1 G+C content 559:569 The genomic DNA G+C content 543:569 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain 543:583 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 46.3 mol%. 29134941 7 9 theme genomic 547:553 arg1 % 597:597 46.3 mol% 589:597 46.3 mol% 589:597 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 46.3 mol%. 29134941 5 10 from acid 386:389 arg1 peptidoglycan 398:410 the peptidoglycan 394:410 the peptidoglycan 394:410 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was a diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 29134941 10 11 theme polyphasic 977:986 arg1 study 988:992 the current polyphasic study 965:992 the current polyphasic study 965:992 Based on data from the current polyphasic study, NC2-31T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillusmarinisedimentorum sp. 29134941 8 12 theme fatty 625:629 arg1 acids 631:635 The predominant cellular fatty acids 600:635 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T 600:656 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 12 theme fatty 625:629 arg1 % 644:644 >10.0 % 638:644 >10.0 % 638:644 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 12 theme fatty 625:629 arg1  0 672:673  0 672:673  0 672:673 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 12 theme fatty 625:629 arg1 iso-C15  663:670 iso-C15  663:670 iso-C15  663:670 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 9 13 theme gene 840:843 arg1 sequences 845:853 16S rRNA gene sequences 831:853 16S rRNA gene sequences 831:853 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that NC2-31T should be classified as representing a member of the genus Bacillus. 29134941 11 14 theme strain 1134:1139 arg1 1K01239T 1168:1175 =KCTC 33721T=MCCC 1K01239T 1150:1175 =KCTC 33721T=MCCC 1K01239T 1150:1175 nov. is proposed with type strain NC2-31T (=KCTC 33721T=MCCC 1K01239T). 29134941 11 14 theme strain 1134:1139 arg1 NC2-31T 1141:1147 type strain NC2-31T 1129:1147 type strain NC2-31T (=KCTC 33721T=MCCC 1K01239T) 1129:1176 nov. is proposed with type strain NC2-31T (=KCTC 33721T=MCCC 1K01239T). 29134941 7 15 theme DNA 555:557 arg1 G+C content 559:569 The genomic DNA G+C content 543:569 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain 543:583 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 46.3 mol%. 29134941 7 15 theme DNA 555:557 arg1 % 597:597 46.3 mol% 589:597 46.3 mol% 589:597 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 46.3 mol%. 29134941 4 16 theme major 309:313 arg1 quinone 327:333 the major respiratory quinone 305:333 the major respiratory quinone 305:333 MK-7 was the major respiratory quinone. 29134941 4 16 theme major 309:313 arg1 MK-7 296:299 MK-7 296:299 MK-7 296:299 MK-7 was the major respiratory quinone. 29134941 10 17 dep genus 1041:1045 arg1 Bacillus 1047:1054 the genus Bacillus 1037:1054 the genus Bacillus 1037:1054 Based on data from the current polyphasic study, NC2-31T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillusmarinisedimentorum sp. 29134941 0 18 theme marinisedimentorum 9:26 arg1 sp 28:29 Bacillus marinisedimentorum sp 0:29 Bacillus marinisedimentorum sp. 0:30 Bacillus marinisedimentorum sp. 29134941 6 19 theme polar 423:427 arg1 lipids 429:434 The major polar lipids 413:434 The major polar lipids of NC2-31T 413:445 The major polar lipids of NC2-31T were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). 29134941 6 19 theme polar 423:427 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 452:473 diphosphatidylglycerol 452:473 diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) 452:479 The major polar lipids of NC2-31T were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). 29134941 0 20 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 28:29 Bacillus marinisedimentorum sp 0:29 Bacillus marinisedimentorum sp. 0:30 Bacillus marinisedimentorum sp. 29134941 3 21 theme Optimal 224:230 arg1 growth 232:237 Optimal growth 224:237 Optimal growth 224:237 Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 7.5 and with 2.0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 29134941 8 22 dep C16  729:732 arg1 iso-C15  747:754 iso-C15  747:754 iso-C15  747:754 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 22 dep C16  729:732 arg1 2-OH 759:762  0 2-OH 756:762 C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH 729:762 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 22 dep C16  729:732 arg1  1ω7c 734:738  1ω7c 734:738  1ω7c 734:738 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 23 dep  0 698:699 arg1 C16  729:732 C16  729:732 C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH 729:762 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 3 24 dep % 282:282 arg1 w/v 285:287 w/v 285:287 w/v 285:287 Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 7.5 and with 2.0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 29134941 4 25 theme respiratory 315:325 arg1 quinone 327:333 the major respiratory quinone 305:333 the major respiratory quinone 305:333 MK-7 was the major respiratory quinone. 29134941 4 25 theme respiratory 315:325 arg1 MK-7 296:299 MK-7 296:299 MK-7 296:299 MK-7 was the major respiratory quinone. 29134941 10 26 theme Bacillusmarinisedimentorum 1076:1101 arg1 sp 1103:1104 the name Bacillusmarinisedimentorum sp 1067:1104 the name Bacillusmarinisedimentorum sp 1067:1104 Based on data from the current polyphasic study, NC2-31T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillusmarinisedimentorum sp. 29134941 11 27 theme =KCTC 1150:1154 arg1 1K01239T 1168:1175 =KCTC 33721T=MCCC 1K01239T 1150:1175 =KCTC 33721T=MCCC 1K01239T 1150:1175 nov. is proposed with type strain NC2-31T (=KCTC 33721T=MCCC 1K01239T). 29134941 11 27 theme =KCTC 1150:1154 arg1 NC2-31T 1141:1147 type strain NC2-31T 1129:1147 type strain NC2-31T (=KCTC 33721T=MCCC 1K01239T) 1129:1176 nov. is proposed with type strain NC2-31T (=KCTC 33721T=MCCC 1K01239T). 29134941 8 28 theme NC2-31T 650:656 arg1 acids 631:635 The predominant cellular fatty acids 600:635 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T 600:656 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 28 theme NC2-31T 650:656 arg1 % 644:644 >10.0 % 638:644 >10.0 % 638:644 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 28 theme NC2-31T 650:656 arg1  0 672:673  0 672:673  0 672:673 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 28 theme NC2-31T 650:656 arg1 iso-C15  663:670 iso-C15  663:670 iso-C15  663:670 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 29 dep  0 672:673 arg1 % 771:771 15.3 % 766:771 15.3 % 766:771 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 29 dep  0 672:673 arg1 % 707:707 15.8 % 702:707 15.8 % 702:707 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 29 dep  0 672:673 arg1 % 796:796 10.3 % 791:796 10.3 % 791:796 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 29 dep  0 672:673 arg1 iso-C16  778:785 iso-C16  778:785 iso-C16  778:785 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 29 dep  0 672:673 arg1  0 698:699  0 698:699  0 698:699 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 29 dep  0 672:673 arg1 feature 718:724 summed feature 3 711:726 summed feature 3 711:726 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 29 dep  0 672:673 arg1  0 787:788  0 787:788  0 787:788 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 30 theme  0 756:757 arg1 2-OH 759:762  0 2-OH 756:762 C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH 729:762 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 6 31 theme NC2-31T 439:445 arg1 lipids 429:434 The major polar lipids 413:434 The major polar lipids of NC2-31T 413:445 The major polar lipids of NC2-31T were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). 29134941 6 31 theme NC2-31T 439:445 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 452:473 diphosphatidylglycerol 452:473 diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) 452:479 The major polar lipids of NC2-31T were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). 29134941 2 32 theme China 217:221 arg1 coast 197:201 the coast 193:201 the coast of Weihai, PR China 193:221 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile and facultatively anaerobic strain, designated NC2-31T, was isolated from sediment from the coast of Weihai, PR China. 29134941 10 33 theme name 1071:1074 arg1 sp 1103:1104 the name Bacillusmarinisedimentorum sp 1067:1104 the name Bacillusmarinisedimentorum sp 1067:1104 Based on data from the current polyphasic study, NC2-31T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillusmarinisedimentorum sp. 29134941 2 34 dep China 217:221 arg1 PR 214:215 Weihai, PR China 206:221 PR 214:215 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile and facultatively anaerobic strain, designated NC2-31T, was isolated from sediment from the coast of Weihai, PR China. 29134941 2 35 theme motile 98:103 arg1 strain 133:138 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile and facultatively anaerobic strain 69:138 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile and facultatively anaerobic strain 69:138 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile and facultatively anaerobic strain, designated NC2-31T, was isolated from sediment from the coast of Weihai, PR China. 29134941 8 36 dep iso-C15  663:670 arg1 % 681:681 18.9 % 676:681 18.9 % 676:681 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 36 dep iso-C15  663:670 arg1 acids 631:635 The predominant cellular fatty acids 600:635 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T 600:656 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 36 dep iso-C15  663:670 arg1 iso-C15  663:670 iso-C15  663:670 iso-C15  663:670 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 36 dep iso-C15  663:670 arg1  0 672:673  0 672:673  0 672:673 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 2 37 attach isolated 165:172 arg1 coast 197:201 the coast 193:201 the coast of Weihai, PR China 193:221 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile and facultatively anaerobic strain, designated NC2-31T, was isolated from sediment from the coast of Weihai, PR China. 29134941 2 37 attach isolated 165:172 arg1 sediment 179:186 sediment 179:186 sediment 179:186 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile and facultatively anaerobic strain, designated NC2-31T, was isolated from sediment from the coast of Weihai, PR China. 29134941 2 37 attach isolated 165:172 arg2 strain 133:138 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile and facultatively anaerobic strain 69:138 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile and facultatively anaerobic strain 69:138 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile and facultatively anaerobic strain, designated NC2-31T, was isolated from sediment from the coast of Weihai, PR China. 29134941 11 38 theme type 1129:1132 arg1 1K01239T 1168:1175 =KCTC 33721T=MCCC 1K01239T 1150:1175 =KCTC 33721T=MCCC 1K01239T 1150:1175 nov. is proposed with type strain NC2-31T (=KCTC 33721T=MCCC 1K01239T). 29134941 11 38 theme type 1129:1132 arg1 NC2-31T 1141:1147 type strain NC2-31T 1129:1147 type strain NC2-31T (=KCTC 33721T=MCCC 1K01239T) 1129:1176 nov. is proposed with type strain NC2-31T (=KCTC 33721T=MCCC 1K01239T). 29134941 8 39 theme cellular 616:623 arg1 acids 631:635 The predominant cellular fatty acids 600:635 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T 600:656 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 39 theme cellular 616:623 arg1 % 644:644 >10.0 % 638:644 >10.0 % 638:644 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 39 theme cellular 616:623 arg1  0 672:673  0 672:673  0 672:673 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 39 theme cellular 616:623 arg1 iso-C15  663:670 iso-C15  663:670 iso-C15  663:670 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 9 40 theme Phylogenetic 800:811 arg1 analysis 813:820 Phylogenetic analysis 800:820 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 800:853 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that NC2-31T should be classified as representing a member of the genus Bacillus. 29134941 2 41 theme Gram-stain-positive 77:95 arg1 strain 133:138 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile and facultatively anaerobic strain 69:138 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile and facultatively anaerobic strain 69:138 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile and facultatively anaerobic strain, designated NC2-31T, was isolated from sediment from the coast of Weihai, PR China. 29134941 3 42 theme 2.0-3.0  274:281 arg1 % 282:282 % 282:282 % 282:282 Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 7.5 and with 2.0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 29134941 2 43 theme Weihai 206:211 arg1 China 217:221 Weihai, PR China 206:221 China 217:221 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile and facultatively anaerobic strain, designated NC2-31T, was isolated from sediment from the coast of Weihai, PR China. 29134941 2 44 theme novel 71:75 arg1 strain 133:138 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile and facultatively anaerobic strain 69:138 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile and facultatively anaerobic strain 69:138 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile and facultatively anaerobic strain, designated NC2-31T, was isolated from sediment from the coast of Weihai, PR China. 29134941 6 45 theme major 417:421 arg1 lipids 429:434 The major polar lipids 413:434 The major polar lipids of NC2-31T 413:445 The major polar lipids of NC2-31T were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). 29134941 6 45 theme major 417:421 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 452:473 diphosphatidylglycerol 452:473 diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) 452:479 The major polar lipids of NC2-31T were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). 29134941 10 46 theme novel 1016:1020 arg1 species 1022:1028 a novel species 1014:1028 a novel species 1014:1028 Based on data from the current polyphasic study, NC2-31T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillusmarinisedimentorum sp. 29134941 10 47 theme current 969:975 arg1 study 988:992 the current polyphasic study 965:992 the current polyphasic study 965:992 Based on data from the current polyphasic study, NC2-31T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillusmarinisedimentorum sp. 29134941 9 48 theme Bacillus 936:943 arg1 member 916:921 a member 914:921 a member of the genus Bacillus 914:943 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that NC2-31T should be classified as representing a member of the genus Bacillus. 29134941 5 49 theme Meso-diaminopimelic 336:354 arg1 acid 386:389 a diagnostic diamino acid 365:389 a diagnostic diamino acid 365:389 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was a diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 29134941 5 49 theme Meso-diaminopimelic 336:354 arg1 acid 356:359 Meso-diaminopimelic acid 336:359 Meso-diaminopimelic acid 336:359 Meso-diaminopimelic acid was a diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. 29134941 9 50 theme rRNA 835:838 arg1 sequences 845:853 16S rRNA gene sequences 831:853 16S rRNA gene sequences 831:853 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that NC2-31T should be classified as representing a member of the genus Bacillus. 29134941 9 51 theme 16S 831:833 arg1 sequences 845:853 16S rRNA gene sequences 831:853 16S rRNA gene sequences 831:853 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that NC2-31T should be classified as representing a member of the genus Bacillus. 29134941 7 52 theme 46.3 mol 589:596 arg1 G+C content 559:569 The genomic DNA G+C content 543:569 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain 543:583 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 46.3 mol%. 29134941 7 52 theme 46.3 mol 589:596 arg1 % 597:597 46.3 mol% 589:597 46.3 mol% 589:597 The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 46.3 mol%. 29134941 8 53 theme summed 711:716 arg1 feature 718:724 summed feature 3 711:726 summed feature 3 711:726 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 29134941 8 53 theme summed 711:716 arg1  0 698:699  0 698:699  0 698:699 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) of NC2-31T were iso-C15 : 0 (18.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (15.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (15.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.3 %). 27983469 3 0 theme Bacillus 295:302 arg1 R-6514T 311:317 Bacillus fortis R-6514T 295:317 Bacillus fortis R-6514T 295:317 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate into the genus Bacillus with its closest relatives being Bacillus fortis R-6514T and Bacillus fordii R-7190T with 98.2 % similarity in both cases. 27983469 3 1 theme gene 204:207 arg1 sequences 209:217 16S rRNA gene sequences 195:217 16S rRNA gene sequences 195:217 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate into the genus Bacillus with its closest relatives being Bacillus fortis R-6514T and Bacillus fordii R-7190T with 98.2 % similarity in both cases. 27983469 9 2 theme unidentified 1028:1039 arg1 lipid 1041:1045 one unidentified lipid 1024:1045 one unidentified lipid 1024:1045 The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentifed glycolipid and one unidentified lipid. 27983469 14 3 theme type 1357:1360 arg1 strain 1362:1367 The type strain 1353:1367 The type strain 1353:1367 The type strain is RA9T (=LMG 29736T=CECT 9170T). 27983469 14 3 theme type 1357:1360 arg1 RA9T 1372:1375 RA9T 1372:1375 RA9T (=LMG 29736T=CECT 9170T) 1372:1400 The type strain is RA9T (=LMG 29736T=CECT 9170T). 27983469 4 4 theme strain 484:489 arg1 RA9T 491:494 strain RA9T 484:494 strain RA9T 484:494 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed mean relatedness values of 29 and 30 %, respectively, between strain RA9T and the type strains of B. fortis and B. fordii. 27983469 10 5 theme meso-Diaminopimelic 1048:1066 arg1 acid 1068:1071 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1048:1071 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1048:1071 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. 27983469 3 6 theme 16S 195:197 arg1 sequences 209:217 16S rRNA gene sequences 195:217 16S rRNA gene sequences 195:217 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate into the genus Bacillus with its closest relatives being Bacillus fortis R-6514T and Bacillus fordii R-7190T with 98.2 % similarity in both cases. 27983469 1 7 theme ladanifer 46:54 arg1 soil 68:71 Cistus ladanifer rhizosphere soil 39:71 Cistus ladanifer rhizosphere soil 39:71 nov. isolated from Cistus ladanifer rhizosphere soil. 27983469 12 8 theme Phylogenetic 1143:1154 arg1 analyses 1187:1194 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1143:1194 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1143:1194 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RA9T should be considered as representing a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus terrae sp. 27983469 2 9 theme Cistus 137:142 arg1 ladanifer 144:152 Cistus ladanifer 137:152 Cistus ladanifer 137:152 A bacterial strain designated RA9T was isolated from a root of Cistus ladanifer in Spain. 27983469 3 10 theme rRNA 199:202 arg1 sequences 209:217 16S rRNA gene sequences 195:217 16S rRNA gene sequences 195:217 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate into the genus Bacillus with its closest relatives being Bacillus fortis R-6514T and Bacillus fordii R-7190T with 98.2 % similarity in both cases. 27983469 4 11 theme DNA-DNA 385:391 arg1 studies 407:413 DNA-DNA hybridization studies 385:413 DNA-DNA hybridization studies 385:413 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed mean relatedness values of 29 and 30 %, respectively, between strain RA9T and the type strains of B. fortis and B. fordii. 27983469 1 12 theme rhizosphere 56:66 arg1 soil 68:71 Cistus ladanifer rhizosphere soil 39:71 Cistus ladanifer rhizosphere soil 39:71 nov. isolated from Cistus ladanifer rhizosphere soil. 27983469 8 13 theme fatty 804:808 arg1 acids 810:814 the major fatty acids 794:814 the major fatty acids 794:814 Menaquinone MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27983469 8 13 theme fatty 804:808 arg1 iso-C15  757:764 iso-C15  757:764 iso-C15  757:764 Menaquinone MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27983469 4 14 theme fordii 537:542 arg1 RA9T 491:494 strain RA9T 484:494 strain RA9T 484:494 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed mean relatedness values of 29 and 30 %, respectively, between strain RA9T and the type strains of B. fortis and B. fordii. 27983469 4 14 theme fordii 537:542 arg1 strains 509:515 the type strains 500:515 the type strains of B. fortis and B. fordii 500:542 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed mean relatedness values of 29 and 30 %, respectively, between strain RA9T and the type strains of B. fortis and B. fordii. 27983469 3 15 theme Bacillus 323:330 arg1 R-7190T 339:345 the genus Bacillus with its closest relatives being Bacillus fortis R-6514T and Bacillus fordii R-7190T 243:345 the genus Bacillus with its closest relatives being Bacillus fortis R-6514T and Bacillus fordii R-7190T with 98.2 % similarity in both cases 243:382 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate into the genus Bacillus with its closest relatives being Bacillus fortis R-6514T and Bacillus fordii R-7190T with 98.2 % similarity in both cases. 27983469 12 16 dep name 1310:1313 arg1 sp 1331:1332 Bacillus terrae sp 1315:1332 the name Bacillus terrae sp 1306:1332 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RA9T should be considered as representing a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus terrae sp. 27983469 5 17 theme isolate 558:564 arg1 Cells 545:549 Cells 545:549 Cells of the isolate 545:564 Cells of the isolate were Gram-stain-positive, motile, sporulating rods. 27983469 8 18 theme major 798:802 arg1 acids 810:814 the major fatty acids 794:814 the major fatty acids 794:814 Menaquinone MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27983469 8 18 theme major 798:802 arg1 iso-C15  757:764 iso-C15  757:764 iso-C15  757:764 Menaquinone MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27983469 8 19 theme Menaquinone 702:712 arg1 MK-7 714:717 Menaquinone MK-7 702:717 Menaquinone MK-7 702:717 Menaquinone MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27983469 12 20 theme chemotaxonomic 1157:1170 arg1 analyses 1187:1194 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1143:1194 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1143:1194 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RA9T should be considered as representing a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus terrae sp. 27983469 3 21 from similarity 359:368 arg1 cases 378:382 both cases 373:382 both cases 373:382 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate into the genus Bacillus with its closest relatives being Bacillus fortis R-6514T and Bacillus fordii R-7190T with 98.2 % similarity in both cases. 27983469 5 22 theme Gram-stain-positive 571:589 arg1 rods 612:615 Gram-stain-positive, motile, sporulating rods 571:615 Gram-stain-positive, motile, sporulating rods 571:615 Cells of the isolate were Gram-stain-positive, motile, sporulating rods. 27983469 4 23 theme type 504:507 arg1 strains 509:515 the type strains 500:515 the type strains of B. fortis and B. fordii 500:542 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed mean relatedness values of 29 and 30 %, respectively, between strain RA9T and the type strains of B. fortis and B. fordii. 27983469 0 24 theme terrae 9:14 arg1 sp 16:17 Bacillus terrae sp 0:17 Bacillus terrae sp. 0:18 Bacillus terrae sp. 27983469 4 25 theme % 459:459 arg1 values 439:444 mean relatedness values 422:444 mean relatedness values of 29 and 30 % 422:459 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed mean relatedness values of 29 and 30 %, respectively, between strain RA9T and the type strains of B. fortis and B. fordii. 27983469 12 26 theme phenotypic 1176:1185 arg1 analyses 1187:1194 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1143:1194 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1143:1194 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RA9T should be considered as representing a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus terrae sp. 27983469 0 27 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 16:17 Bacillus terrae sp 0:17 Bacillus terrae sp. 0:18 Bacillus terrae sp. 27983469 12 28 dep genus 1280:1284 arg1 Bacillus 1286:1293 the genus Bacillus 1276:1293 the genus Bacillus 1276:1293 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RA9T should be considered as representing a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus terrae sp. 27983469 3 29 theme Phylogenetic 164:175 arg1 analyses 177:184 Phylogenetic analyses 164:184 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 164:217 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate into the genus Bacillus with its closest relatives being Bacillus fortis R-6514T and Bacillus fordii R-7190T with 98.2 % similarity in both cases. 27983469 3 30 theme 98.2  352:356 arg1 % 357:357 % 357:357 % 357:357 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate into the genus Bacillus with its closest relatives being Bacillus fortis R-6514T and Bacillus fordii R-7190T with 98.2 % similarity in both cases. 27983469 3 31 dep Bacillus 295:302 arg1 fortis 304:309 fortis 304:309 fortis 304:309 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate into the genus Bacillus with its closest relatives being Bacillus fortis R-6514T and Bacillus fordii R-7190T with 98.2 % similarity in both cases. 27983469 10 32 located detected 1077:1084 arg1 peptidoglycan 1093:1105 the peptidoglycan 1089:1105 the peptidoglycan 1089:1105 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. 27983469 10 32 located detected 1077:1084 arg2 acid 1068:1071 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1048:1071 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1048:1071 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. 27983469 3 33 theme % 357:357 arg1 similarity 359:368 98.2 % similarity 352:368 98.2 % similarity in both cases 352:382 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate into the genus Bacillus with its closest relatives being Bacillus fortis R-6514T and Bacillus fordii R-7190T with 98.2 % similarity in both cases. 27983469 4 34 theme fortis 523:528 arg1 RA9T 491:494 strain RA9T 484:494 strain RA9T 484:494 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed mean relatedness values of 29 and 30 %, respectively, between strain RA9T and the type strains of B. fortis and B. fordii. 27983469 4 34 theme fortis 523:528 arg1 strains 509:515 the type strains 500:515 the type strains of B. fortis and B. fordii 500:542 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed mean relatedness values of 29 and 30 %, respectively, between strain RA9T and the type strains of B. fortis and B. fordii. 27983469 14 35 theme =LMG 1378:1381 arg1 9170T 1395:1399 =LMG 29736T=CECT 9170T 1378:1399 =LMG 29736T=CECT 9170T 1378:1399 The type strain is RA9T (=LMG 29736T=CECT 9170T). 27983469 14 35 theme =LMG 1378:1381 arg1 RA9T 1372:1375 RA9T 1372:1375 RA9T (=LMG 29736T=CECT 9170T) 1372:1400 The type strain is RA9T (=LMG 29736T=CECT 9170T). 27983469 12 36 theme novel 1259:1263 arg1 species 1265:1271 a novel species 1257:1271 a novel species 1257:1271 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RA9T should be considered as representing a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus terrae sp. 27983469 2 37 from root 129:132 arg1 Spain 157:161 Spain 157:161 Spain 157:161 A bacterial strain designated RA9T was isolated from a root of Cistus ladanifer in Spain. 27983469 4 38 theme relatedness 427:437 arg1 values 439:444 mean relatedness values 422:444 mean relatedness values of 29 and 30 % 422:459 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed mean relatedness values of 29 and 30 %, respectively, between strain RA9T and the type strains of B. fortis and B. fordii. 27983469 11 39 theme G+C 1116:1118 arg1 content 1120:1126 The DNA G+C content 1108:1126 The DNA G+C content 1108:1126 The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol%. 27983469 11 39 theme G+C 1116:1118 arg1 % 1140:1140 43.1 mol% 1132:1140 43.1 mol% 1132:1140 The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol%. 27983469 9 40 theme unidentified 966:977 arg1 phospholipid 979:990 one unidentified phospholipid 962:990 one unidentified phospholipid 962:990 The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentifed glycolipid and one unidentified lipid. 27983469 3 41 theme genus 247:251 arg1 R-7190T 339:345 the genus Bacillus with its closest relatives being Bacillus fortis R-6514T and Bacillus fordii R-7190T 243:345 the genus Bacillus with its closest relatives being Bacillus fortis R-6514T and Bacillus fordii R-7190T with 98.2 % similarity in both cases 243:382 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate into the genus Bacillus with its closest relatives being Bacillus fortis R-6514T and Bacillus fordii R-7190T with 98.2 % similarity in both cases. 27983469 12 42 theme terrae 1324:1329 arg1 sp 1331:1332 Bacillus terrae sp 1315:1332 the name Bacillus terrae sp 1306:1332 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RA9T should be considered as representing a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus terrae sp. 27983469 3 43 dep Bacillus 323:330 arg1 fordii 332:337 fordii 332:337 fordii 332:337 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate into the genus Bacillus with its closest relatives being Bacillus fortis R-6514T and Bacillus fordii R-7190T with 98.2 % similarity in both cases. 27983469 2 44 theme ladanifer 144:152 arg1 root 129:132 a root 127:132 a root of Cistus ladanifer in Spain 127:161 A bacterial strain designated RA9T was isolated from a root of Cistus ladanifer in Spain. 27983469 3 45 with R-7190T 339:345 arg1 similarity 359:368 98.2 % similarity 352:368 98.2 % similarity in both cases 352:382 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate into the genus Bacillus with its closest relatives being Bacillus fortis R-6514T and Bacillus fordii R-7190T with 98.2 % similarity in both cases. 27983469 5 46 dep Gram-stain-positive 571:589 arg1 sporulating 600:610 sporulating 600:610 sporulating 600:610 Cells of the isolate were Gram-stain-positive, motile, sporulating rods. 27983469 5 46 dep Gram-stain-positive 571:589 arg1 motile 592:597 motile 592:597 motile 592:597 Cells of the isolate were Gram-stain-positive, motile, sporulating rods. 27983469 2 47 theme bacterial 76:84 arg1 strain 86:91 A bacterial strain 74:91 A bacterial strain designated RA9T 74:107 A bacterial strain designated RA9T was isolated from a root of Cistus ladanifer in Spain. 27983469 9 48 theme polar 821:825 arg1 profile 833:839 The polar lipid profile 817:839 The polar lipid profile 817:839 The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentifed glycolipid and one unidentified lipid. 27983469 11 49 theme DNA 1112:1114 arg1 content 1120:1126 The DNA G+C content 1108:1126 The DNA G+C content 1108:1126 The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol%. 27983469 11 49 theme DNA 1112:1114 arg1 % 1140:1140 43.1 mol% 1132:1140 43.1 mol% 1132:1140 The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol%. 27983469 11 50 theme 43.1 mol 1132:1139 arg1 content 1120:1126 The DNA G+C content 1108:1126 The DNA G+C content 1108:1126 The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol%. 27983469 11 50 theme 43.1 mol 1132:1139 arg1 % 1140:1140 43.1 mol% 1132:1140 43.1 mol% 1132:1140 The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol%. 27983469 9 51 theme lipid 827:831 arg1 profile 833:839 The polar lipid profile 817:839 The polar lipid profile 817:839 The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentifed glycolipid and one unidentified lipid. 27983469 4 52 theme hybridization 393:405 arg1 studies 407:413 DNA-DNA hybridization studies 385:413 DNA-DNA hybridization studies 385:413 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed mean relatedness values of 29 and 30 %, respectively, between strain RA9T and the type strains of B. fortis and B. fordii. 27983469 9 53 theme unidentifed 997:1007 arg1 glycolipid 1009:1018 one unidentifed glycolipid 993:1018 one unidentifed glycolipid 993:1018 The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentifed glycolipid and one unidentified lipid. 27983469 3 54 theme closest 271:277 arg1 relatives 279:287 its closest relatives 267:287 its closest relatives being Bacillus fortis R-6514T 267:317 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate into the genus Bacillus with its closest relatives being Bacillus fortis R-6514T and Bacillus fordii R-7190T with 98.2 % similarity in both cases. 27983469 4 55 theme mean 422:425 arg1 values 439:444 mean relatedness values 422:444 mean relatedness values of 29 and 30 % 422:459 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed mean relatedness values of 29 and 30 %, respectively, between strain RA9T and the type strains of B. fortis and B. fordii. 27983469 8 56 dep detected 744:751 arg1 menaquinone 732:742 the only menaquinone 723:742 the only menaquinone 723:742 Menaquinone MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27983469 14 57 theme 29736T=CECT 1383:1393 arg1 9170T 1395:1399 =LMG 29736T=CECT 9170T 1378:1399 =LMG 29736T=CECT 9170T 1378:1399 The type strain is RA9T (=LMG 29736T=CECT 9170T). 27983469 14 57 theme 29736T=CECT 1383:1393 arg1 RA9T 1372:1375 RA9T 1372:1375 RA9T (=LMG 29736T=CECT 9170T) 1372:1400 The type strain is RA9T (=LMG 29736T=CECT 9170T). 27983469 12 58 theme Bacillus 1315:1322 arg1 sp 1331:1332 Bacillus terrae sp 1315:1332 the name Bacillus terrae sp 1306:1332 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RA9T should be considered as representing a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus terrae sp. 27983469 2 59 attach isolated 113:120 arg1 root 129:132 a root 127:132 a root of Cistus ladanifer in Spain 127:161 A bacterial strain designated RA9T was isolated from a root of Cistus ladanifer in Spain. 27983469 2 59 attach isolated 113:120 arg2 strain 86:91 A bacterial strain 74:91 A bacterial strain designated RA9T 74:107 A bacterial strain designated RA9T was isolated from a root of Cistus ladanifer in Spain. 27983469 12 60 theme genus 1280:1284 arg1 species 1265:1271 a novel species 1257:1271 a novel species 1257:1271 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RA9T should be considered as representing a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus terrae sp. 27983469 8 61 theme only 727:730 arg1 menaquinone 732:742 the only menaquinone 723:742 the only menaquinone 723:742 Menaquinone MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27983469 3 62 dep genus 247:251 arg1 Bacillus 253:260 Bacillus 253:260 Bacillus 253:260 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate into the genus Bacillus with its closest relatives being Bacillus fortis R-6514T and Bacillus fordii R-7190T with 98.2 % similarity in both cases. 27983469 8 63 dep iso-C15  757:764 arg1  0 786:787  0 786:787  0 786:787 Menaquinone MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27983469 8 63 dep iso-C15  757:764 arg1 anteiso-C15  773:784 anteiso-C15  773:784 anteiso-C15  773:784 Menaquinone MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27983469 8 63 dep iso-C15  757:764 arg1  0 766:767  0 766:767  0 766:767 Menaquinone MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27983469 1 64 theme Cistus 39:44 arg1 soil 68:71 Cistus ladanifer rhizosphere soil 39:71 Cistus ladanifer rhizosphere soil 39:71 nov. isolated from Cistus ladanifer rhizosphere soil. 27983469 12 65 theme strain 1208:1213 arg1 RA9T 1215:1218 strain RA9T 1208:1218 strain RA9T 1208:1218 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RA9T should be considered as representing a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus terrae sp. 26620554 8 0 theme peptidoglycan 919:931 arg1 acid 897:900 The diamino acid 885:900 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 885:931 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26620554 8 0 theme peptidoglycan 919:931 arg1 acid 957:960 meso-diaminopimelic acid 937:960 meso-diaminopimelic acid 937:960 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26620554 6 1 contain contained 551:559 arg2 quinone 606:612 the sole respiratory quinone 585:612 the sole respiratory quinone 585:612 Cells contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the sole respiratory quinone and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26620554 6 1 contain contained 551:559 arg2 MK-7 576:579 MK-7 576:579 MK-7 576:579 Cells contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the sole respiratory quinone and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26620554 6 1 contain contained 551:559 arg2 menaquinone 561:571 menaquinone 7 561:573 menaquinone 7 (MK-7) 561:580 Cells contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the sole respiratory quinone and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26620554 6 1 contain contained 551:559 arg1 Cells 545:549 Cells 545:549 Cells 545:549 Cells contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the sole respiratory quinone and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26620554 4 2 dep optimum 441:447 arg1 30 °C 450:454 30 °C 450:454 30 °C 450:454 Growth was observed at 10-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5). 26620554 2 3 theme aerobic 103:109 arg1 bacterium 153:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium 68:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium 68:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium, strain P5-1T, was isolated from the hindgut of a wood-feeding higher termite, Nasutitermes sp. 26620554 2 3 theme aerobic 103:109 arg1 strain 164:169 strain P5-1T 164:175 strain P5-1T 164:175 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium, strain P5-1T, was isolated from the hindgut of a wood-feeding higher termite, Nasutitermes sp. 26620554 5 4 theme 48.9 mol 534:541 arg1 % 542:542 48.9 mol% 534:542 48.9 mol% 534:542 The DNA G+C content of strain P5-1T was 48.9 mol%. 26620554 5 4 theme 48.9 mol 534:541 arg1 content 506:512 The DNA G+C content 494:512 The DNA G+C content of strain P5-1T 494:528 The DNA G+C content of strain P5-1T was 48.9 mol%. 26620554 8 5 theme meso-diaminopimelic 937:955 arg1 acid 897:900 The diamino acid 885:900 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 885:931 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26620554 8 5 theme meso-diaminopimelic 937:955 arg1 acid 957:960 meso-diaminopimelic acid 937:960 meso-diaminopimelic acid 937:960 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26620554 9 6 theme name 1135:1138 arg1 sp 1169:1170 the name Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp 1131:1170 the name Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp 1131:1170 Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data obtained within this study, strain P5-1T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp. 26620554 7 7 theme unidentified 821:832 arg1 glycolipid 834:843 one unidentified glycolipid 817:843 one unidentified glycolipid 817:843 The cellular polar lipids comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified aminophospholipid. 26620554 3 8 theme Paenibacillus 354:366 arg1 7311T 381:385 Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T 354:385 Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T (97.5 % similarity) 354:405 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was closely related to Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T (97.5 % similarity). 26620554 3 8 theme Paenibacillus 354:366 arg1 similarity 395:404 97.5 % similarity 388:404 97.5 % similarity 388:404 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was closely related to Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T (97.5 % similarity). 26620554 6 9 dep contained 551:559 arg1 iso-C15  665:672 iso-C15  665:672 iso-C15  665:672 Cells contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the sole respiratory quinone and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26620554 6 9 dep contained 551:559 arg1  0 658:659  0 658:659  0 658:659 Cells contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the sole respiratory quinone and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26620554 6 9 dep contained 551:559 arg1  0 674:675  0 674:675  0 674:675 Cells contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the sole respiratory quinone and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26620554 1 10 theme termite 55:61 arg1 gut 63:65 a termite gut 53:65 a termite gut 53:65 nov., isolated from a termite gut. 26620554 6 11 theme fatty 628:632 arg1 anteiso-C15  645:656 anteiso-C15  645:656 anteiso-C15  645:656 Cells contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the sole respiratory quinone and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26620554 6 11 theme fatty 628:632 arg1 acids 634:638 the major fatty acids 618:638 the major fatty acids 618:638 Cells contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the sole respiratory quinone and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26620554 9 12 theme Paenibacillus 1140:1152 arg1 sp 1169:1170 the name Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp 1131:1170 the name Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp 1131:1170 Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data obtained within this study, strain P5-1T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp. 26620554 6 13 theme major 622:626 arg1 anteiso-C15  645:656 anteiso-C15  645:656 anteiso-C15  645:656 Cells contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the sole respiratory quinone and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26620554 6 13 theme major 622:626 arg1 acids 634:638 the major fatty acids 618:638 the major fatty acids 618:638 Cells contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the sole respiratory quinone and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26620554 4 14 dep pH 5.5-9.0 464:473 arg1 optimum 476:482 optimum 476:482 optimum 476:482 Growth was observed at 10-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5). 26620554 0 15 theme nasutitermitis 14:27 arg1 sp 29:30 Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp 0:30 Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp. 0:31 Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp. 26620554 2 16 theme rod-shaped 142:151 arg1 bacterium 153:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium 68:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium 68:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium, strain P5-1T, was isolated from the hindgut of a wood-feeding higher termite, Nasutitermes sp. 26620554 2 16 theme rod-shaped 142:151 arg1 strain 164:169 strain P5-1T 164:175 strain P5-1T 164:175 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium, strain P5-1T, was isolated from the hindgut of a wood-feeding higher termite, Nasutitermes sp. 26620554 5 17 theme strain 517:522 arg1 P5-1T 524:528 strain P5-1T 517:528 strain P5-1T 517:528 The DNA G+C content of strain P5-1T was 48.9 mol%. 26620554 7 18 theme unidentified 790:801 arg1 phospholipid 803:814 one unidentified phospholipid 786:814 one unidentified phospholipid 786:814 The cellular polar lipids comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified aminophospholipid. 26620554 11 19 theme  = CGMCC 1217:1224 arg1 111536T 1242:1248  = CGMCC 1.15178T = NBRC 111536T 1217:1248  = CGMCC 1.15178T = NBRC 111536T 1217:1248 The type strain is P5-1T ( = CGMCC 1.15178T = NBRC 111536T). 26620554 11 19 theme  = CGMCC 1217:1224 arg1 P5-1T 1210:1214 P5-1T 1210:1214 P5-1T ( = CGMCC 1.15178T = NBRC 111536T) 1210:1249 The type strain is P5-1T ( = CGMCC 1.15178T = NBRC 111536T). 26620554 0 20 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 29:30 Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp 0:30 Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp. 0:31 Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp. 26620554 5 21 theme P5-1T 524:528 arg1 % 542:542 48.9 mol% 534:542 48.9 mol% 534:542 The DNA G+C content of strain P5-1T was 48.9 mol%. 26620554 5 21 theme P5-1T 524:528 arg1 content 506:512 The DNA G+C content 494:512 The DNA G+C content of strain P5-1T 494:528 The DNA G+C content of strain P5-1T was 48.9 mol%. 26620554 2 22 dep sp 255:256 arg1 Nasutitermes 242:253 a wood-feeding higher termite, Nasutitermes sp 211:256 Nasutitermes 242:253 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium, strain P5-1T, was isolated from the hindgut of a wood-feeding higher termite, Nasutitermes sp. 26620554 3 23 theme sepulcri 368:375 arg1 7311T 381:385 Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T 354:385 Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T (97.5 % similarity) 354:405 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was closely related to Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T (97.5 % similarity). 26620554 3 23 theme sepulcri 368:375 arg1 similarity 395:404 97.5 % similarity 388:404 97.5 % similarity 388:404 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was closely related to Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T (97.5 % similarity). 26620554 9 24 theme Paenibacillus 1106:1118 arg1 genus 1100:1104 the genus Paenibacillus 1096:1118 the genus Paenibacillus 1096:1118 Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data obtained within this study, strain P5-1T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp. 26620554 9 25 theme novel 1079:1083 arg1 species 1085:1091 a novel species 1077:1091 a novel species 1077:1091 Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data obtained within this study, strain P5-1T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp. 26620554 3 26 theme CCM 377:379 arg1 7311T 381:385 Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T 354:385 Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T (97.5 % similarity) 354:405 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was closely related to Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T (97.5 % similarity). 26620554 3 26 theme CCM 377:379 arg1 similarity 395:404 97.5 % similarity 388:404 97.5 % similarity 388:404 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was closely related to Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T (97.5 % similarity). 26620554 3 27 theme 16S 284:286 arg1 sequences 298:306 16S rRNA gene sequences 284:306 16S rRNA gene sequences 284:306 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was closely related to Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T (97.5 % similarity). 26620554 6 28 theme respiratory 594:604 arg1 quinone 606:612 the sole respiratory quinone 585:612 the sole respiratory quinone 585:612 Cells contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the sole respiratory quinone and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26620554 6 28 theme respiratory 594:604 arg1 menaquinone 561:571 menaquinone 7 561:573 menaquinone 7 (MK-7) 561:580 Cells contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the sole respiratory quinone and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26620554 2 29 attach isolated 182:189 arg2 strain 164:169 strain P5-1T 164:175 strain P5-1T 164:175 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium, strain P5-1T, was isolated from the hindgut of a wood-feeding higher termite, Nasutitermes sp. 26620554 2 29 attach isolated 182:189 arg2 bacterium 153:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium 68:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium 68:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium, strain P5-1T, was isolated from the hindgut of a wood-feeding higher termite, Nasutitermes sp. 26620554 2 29 attach isolated 182:189 arg1 hindgut 200:206 the hindgut 196:206 the hindgut of a wood-feeding higher termite, Nasutitermes sp 196:256 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium, strain P5-1T, was isolated from the hindgut of a wood-feeding higher termite, Nasutitermes sp. 26620554 9 30 theme strain 1053:1058 arg1 P5-1T 1060:1064 strain P5-1T 1053:1064 strain P5-1T 1053:1064 Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data obtained within this study, strain P5-1T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp. 26620554 3 31 theme Phylogenetic 259:270 arg1 analysis 272:279 Phylogenetic analysis 259:279 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 259:306 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was closely related to Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T (97.5 % similarity). 26620554 2 32 theme termite 233:239 arg1 sp 255:256 a wood-feeding higher termite, Nasutitermes sp 211:256 sp 255:256 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium, strain P5-1T, was isolated from the hindgut of a wood-feeding higher termite, Nasutitermes sp. 26620554 6 33 theme sole 589:592 arg1 quinone 606:612 the sole respiratory quinone 585:612 the sole respiratory quinone 585:612 Cells contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the sole respiratory quinone and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26620554 6 33 theme sole 589:592 arg1 menaquinone 561:571 menaquinone 7 561:573 menaquinone 7 (MK-7) 561:580 Cells contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the sole respiratory quinone and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 26620554 2 34 dep termite 233:239 arg1 higher 226:231 higher 226:231 higher 226:231 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium, strain P5-1T, was isolated from the hindgut of a wood-feeding higher termite, Nasutitermes sp. 26620554 2 35 theme non-motile 91:100 arg1 bacterium 153:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium 68:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium 68:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium, strain P5-1T, was isolated from the hindgut of a wood-feeding higher termite, Nasutitermes sp. 26620554 2 35 theme non-motile 91:100 arg1 strain 164:169 strain P5-1T 164:175 strain P5-1T 164:175 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium, strain P5-1T, was isolated from the hindgut of a wood-feeding higher termite, Nasutitermes sp. 26620554 11 36 theme type 1195:1198 arg1 strain 1200:1205 The type strain 1191:1205 The type strain 1191:1205 The type strain is P5-1T ( = CGMCC 1.15178T = NBRC 111536T). 26620554 11 36 theme type 1195:1198 arg1 P5-1T 1210:1214 P5-1T 1210:1214 P5-1T ( = CGMCC 1.15178T = NBRC 111536T) 1210:1249 The type strain is P5-1T ( = CGMCC 1.15178T = NBRC 111536T). 26620554 8 37 theme diamino 889:895 arg1 acid 897:900 The diamino acid 885:900 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 885:931 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26620554 8 37 theme diamino 889:895 arg1 acid 957:960 meso-diaminopimelic acid 937:960 meso-diaminopimelic acid 937:960 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26620554 4 38 located observed 419:426 arg1 10-40 °C 431:438 10-40 °C 431:438 10-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) 431:455 Growth was observed at 10-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5). 26620554 4 38 located observed 419:426 arg2 Growth 408:413 Growth 408:413 Growth 408:413 Growth was observed at 10-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5). 26620554 4 38 located observed 419:426 arg1 optimum 441:447 optimum 441:447 optimum 441:447 Growth was observed at 10-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5). 26620554 3 39 theme 97.5  388:392 arg1 % 393:393 % 393:393 % 393:393 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was closely related to Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T (97.5 % similarity). 26620554 4 40 theme pH 7.5 485:490 arg1 optimum 476:482 optimum 476:482 optimum 476:482 Growth was observed at 10-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5). 26620554 3 41 theme sequences 298:306 arg1 analysis 272:279 Phylogenetic analysis 259:279 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 259:306 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was closely related to Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T (97.5 % similarity). 26620554 5 42 theme DNA 498:500 arg1 % 542:542 48.9 mol% 534:542 48.9 mol% 534:542 The DNA G+C content of strain P5-1T was 48.9 mol%. 26620554 5 42 theme DNA 498:500 arg1 content 506:512 The DNA G+C content 494:512 The DNA G+C content of strain P5-1T 494:528 The DNA G+C content of strain P5-1T was 48.9 mol%. 26620554 3 43 theme % 393:393 arg1 7311T 381:385 Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T 354:385 Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T (97.5 % similarity) 354:405 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was closely related to Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T (97.5 % similarity). 26620554 3 43 theme % 393:393 arg1 similarity 395:404 97.5 % similarity 388:404 97.5 % similarity 388:404 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was closely related to Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T (97.5 % similarity). 26620554 2 44 theme Gram-stain-positive 70:88 arg1 bacterium 153:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium 68:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium 68:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium, strain P5-1T, was isolated from the hindgut of a wood-feeding higher termite, Nasutitermes sp. 26620554 2 44 theme Gram-stain-positive 70:88 arg1 strain 164:169 strain P5-1T 164:175 strain P5-1T 164:175 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium, strain P5-1T, was isolated from the hindgut of a wood-feeding higher termite, Nasutitermes sp. 26620554 11 45 theme 1.15178T = NBRC 1226:1240 arg1 111536T 1242:1248  = CGMCC 1.15178T = NBRC 111536T 1217:1248  = CGMCC 1.15178T = NBRC 111536T 1217:1248 The type strain is P5-1T ( = CGMCC 1.15178T = NBRC 111536T). 26620554 11 45 theme 1.15178T = NBRC 1226:1240 arg1 P5-1T 1210:1214 P5-1T 1210:1214 P5-1T ( = CGMCC 1.15178T = NBRC 111536T) 1210:1249 The type strain is P5-1T ( = CGMCC 1.15178T = NBRC 111536T). 26620554 5 46 theme G+C 502:504 arg1 % 542:542 48.9 mol% 534:542 48.9 mol% 534:542 The DNA G+C content of strain P5-1T was 48.9 mol%. 26620554 5 46 theme G+C 502:504 arg1 content 506:512 The DNA G+C content 494:512 The DNA G+C content of strain P5-1T 494:528 The DNA G+C content of strain P5-1T was 48.9 mol%. 26620554 9 47 theme phenotypic 1009:1018 arg1 data 1020:1023 the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 972:1023 the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data obtained within this study 972:1050 Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data obtained within this study, strain P5-1T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp. 26620554 9 48 theme chemotaxonomic 990:1003 arg1 data 1020:1023 the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 972:1023 the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data obtained within this study 972:1050 Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data obtained within this study, strain P5-1T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp. 26620554 3 49 theme rRNA 288:291 arg1 sequences 298:306 16S rRNA gene sequences 284:306 16S rRNA gene sequences 284:306 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was closely related to Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T (97.5 % similarity). 26620554 9 50 theme nasutitermitis 1154:1167 arg1 sp 1169:1170 the name Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp 1131:1170 the name Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp 1131:1170 Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data obtained within this study, strain P5-1T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp. 26620554 9 51 theme genus 1100:1104 arg1 species 1085:1091 a novel species 1077:1091 a novel species 1077:1091 Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data obtained within this study, strain P5-1T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp. 26620554 3 52 theme gene 293:296 arg1 sequences 298:306 16S rRNA gene sequences 284:306 16S rRNA gene sequences 284:306 Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was closely related to Paenibacillus sepulcri CCM 7311T (97.5 % similarity). 26620554 2 53 theme sp 255:256 arg1 hindgut 200:206 the hindgut 196:206 the hindgut of a wood-feeding higher termite, Nasutitermes sp 196:256 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium, strain P5-1T, was isolated from the hindgut of a wood-feeding higher termite, Nasutitermes sp. 26620554 8 54 theme cell-wall 909:917 arg1 peptidoglycan 919:931 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 905:931 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 905:931 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26620554 7 55 theme cellular 682:689 arg1 lipids 697:702 The cellular polar lipids 678:702 The cellular polar lipids 678:702 The cellular polar lipids comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified aminophospholipid. 26620554 9 56 theme phylogenetic 976:987 arg1 data 1020:1023 the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 972:1023 the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data obtained within this study 972:1050 Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data obtained within this study, strain P5-1T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp. 26620554 2 57 theme terminal-endospore-forming 115:140 arg1 bacterium 153:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium 68:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium 68:161 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium, strain P5-1T, was isolated from the hindgut of a wood-feeding higher termite, Nasutitermes sp. 26620554 2 57 theme terminal-endospore-forming 115:140 arg1 strain 164:169 strain P5-1T 164:175 strain P5-1T 164:175 A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic and terminal-endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium, strain P5-1T, was isolated from the hindgut of a wood-feeding higher termite, Nasutitermes sp. 26620554 7 58 theme polar 691:695 arg1 lipids 697:702 The cellular polar lipids 678:702 The cellular polar lipids 678:702 The cellular polar lipids comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified aminophospholipid. 26496769 4 0 theme only 830:833 arg1 ~6 kg 835:839 only ~6 kg 830:839 only ~6 kg (B) 830:843 RESULTS Weight loss was 35-40 kg, and approximately one-third of the total improvement in GIR in T2DM was observed after the diet-induced weight loss of only ~6 kg (B). 26496769 4 0 theme only 830:833 arg1 B 842:842 B 842:842 B 842:842 RESULTS Weight loss was 35-40 kg, and approximately one-third of the total improvement in GIR in T2DM was observed after the diet-induced weight loss of only ~6 kg (B). 26496769 1 1 theme type 254:257 arg1 diabetes 261:268 (OB, N = 27) type 2 diabetes 241:268 (OB, N = 27) type 2 diabetes 241:268 AIMS The impact of diet-induced weight loss and weight loss due to RYGB in patients with (T2DM, N = 16) and without (OB, N = 27) type 2 diabetes was studied. 26496769 6 2 theme significant 1093:1103 arg1 increases 1105:1113 significant increases 1093:1113 significant increases in GIR 1093:1120 Throughout the study, HGP, GLUT4 and glycogen content did not change significantly, but IMTG decreased significantly consistent with significant increases in GIR. 26496769 8 3 theme diet-induced 1271:1282 arg1 loss 1291:1294 the diet-induced weight loss 1267:1294 the diet-induced weight loss 1267:1294 CONCLUSIONS Metabolic improvements of RYGB are present already after the diet-induced weight loss prior to surgery. 26496769 2 4 theme post-surgery 354:365 arg1 C 368:368 C 368:368 C 368:368 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 2 4 theme post-surgery 354:365 arg1 months 347:352 4 months post-surgery 345:365 4 months post-surgery (C) 345:369 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 0 5 from effects 4:10 arg1 sensitivity 61:71 insulin sensitivity 53:71 insulin sensitivity in obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes 53:122 The effects of diet- and RYGB-induced weight loss on insulin sensitivity in obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes. 26496769 5 6 theme visceral 865:872 arg1 fat 874:876 visceral fat 865:876 visceral fat 865:876 Insulin clearance, visceral fat and fasting plasma insulin also improved significantly after the diet (P < 0.05). 26496769 2 7 theme post-surgery 385:396 arg1 composition 407:417 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition 345:417 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition 345:417 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 1 8 from impact 134:139 arg1 patients 200:207 patients 200:207 patients with (T2DM, N = 16) and without (OB, N = 27) type 2 diabetes 200:268 AIMS The impact of diet-induced weight loss and weight loss due to RYGB in patients with (T2DM, N = 16) and without (OB, N = 27) type 2 diabetes was studied. 26496769 2 9 theme months 378:383 arg1 composition 407:417 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition 345:417 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition 345:417 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 9 10 from content 1320:1326 arg1 muscle 1340:1345 skeletal muscle cannot and IMTG content 1331:1369 muscle 1340:1345 GLUT4 content in skeletal muscle cannot and IMTG content can only partly explain increases in GIR after RYGB. 26496769 9 10 from content 1320:1326 arg1 IMTG 1358:1361 IMTG 1358:1361 IMTG 1358:1361 GLUT4 content in skeletal muscle cannot and IMTG content can only partly explain increases in GIR after RYGB. 26496769 9 11 dep muscle 1340:1345 arg1 cannot 1347:1352 cannot 1347:1352 cannot 1347:1352 GLUT4 content in skeletal muscle cannot and IMTG content can only partly explain increases in GIR after RYGB. 26496769 9 11 dep muscle 1340:1345 arg1 content 1363:1369 content 1363:1369 content 1363:1369 GLUT4 content in skeletal muscle cannot and IMTG content can only partly explain increases in GIR after RYGB. 26496769 3 12 theme skeletal 660:667 arg1 muscle 669:674 skeletal muscle 660:674 skeletal muscle 660:674 GLUT4, intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG) and glycogen content were measured in skeletal muscle. 26496769 4 13 theme Weight 685:690 arg1 loss 692:695 RESULTS Weight loss 677:695 RESULTS Weight loss 677:695 RESULTS Weight loss was 35-40 kg, and approximately one-third of the total improvement in GIR in T2DM was observed after the diet-induced weight loss of only ~6 kg (B). 26496769 7 14 theme Metabolic 1123:1131 arg1 flexibility 1133:1143 Metabolic flexibility 1123:1143 Metabolic flexibility 1123:1143 Metabolic flexibility and hepatic insulin sensitivity improved after RYGB. 26496769 4 15 theme ~6 kg 835:839 arg1 loss 822:825 the diet-induced weight loss 798:825 the diet-induced weight loss of only ~6 kg (B) 798:843 RESULTS Weight loss was 35-40 kg, and approximately one-third of the total improvement in GIR in T2DM was observed after the diet-induced weight loss of only ~6 kg (B). 26496769 0 16 theme RYGB-induced 25:36 arg1 loss 45:48 diet- and RYGB-induced weight loss 15:48 diet- and RYGB-induced weight loss 15:48 The effects of diet- and RYGB-induced weight loss on insulin sensitivity in obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes. 26496769 1 17 theme diet-induced 144:155 arg1 loss 164:167 diet-induced weight loss 144:167 diet-induced weight loss 144:167 AIMS The impact of diet-induced weight loss and weight loss due to RYGB in patients with (T2DM, N = 16) and without (OB, N = 27) type 2 diabetes was studied. 26496769 4 18 theme weight 815:820 arg1 loss 822:825 the diet-induced weight loss 798:825 the diet-induced weight loss of only ~6 kg (B) 798:843 RESULTS Weight loss was 35-40 kg, and approximately one-third of the total improvement in GIR in T2DM was observed after the diet-induced weight loss of only ~6 kg (B). 26496769 2 19 theme insulin-mediated 454:469 arg1 GIR 487:489 GIR 487:489 GIR 487:489 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 2 19 theme insulin-mediated 454:469 arg1 uptake 479:484 insulin-mediated glucose uptake 454:484 insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR) 454:490 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 4 20 theme diet-induced 802:813 arg1 loss 822:825 the diet-induced weight loss 798:825 the diet-induced weight loss of only ~6 kg (B) 798:843 RESULTS Weight loss was 35-40 kg, and approximately one-third of the total improvement in GIR in T2DM was observed after the diet-induced weight loss of only ~6 kg (B). 26496769 2 21 theme hepatic 420:426 arg1 HGP 448:450 HGP 448:450 HGP 448:450 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 2 21 theme hepatic 420:426 arg1 production 436:445 hepatic glucose production 420:445 hepatic glucose production (HGP) 420:451 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 1 22 theme weight 157:162 arg1 loss 164:167 diet-induced weight loss 144:167 diet-induced weight loss 144:167 AIMS The impact of diet-induced weight loss and weight loss due to RYGB in patients with (T2DM, N = 16) and without (OB, N = 27) type 2 diabetes was studied. 26496769 3 23 theme intramuscular 587:599 arg1 IMTG 616:619 IMTG 616:619 IMTG 616:619 GLUT4, intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG) and glycogen content were measured in skeletal muscle. 26496769 3 23 theme intramuscular 587:599 arg1 triglycerides 601:613 intramuscular triglycerides 587:613 intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG) 587:620 GLUT4, intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG) and glycogen content were measured in skeletal muscle. 26496769 2 24 theme exchange 505:512 arg1 ratio 514:518 respiratory exchange ratio 493:518 respiratory exchange ratio 493:518 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 1 25 theme loss 164:167 arg1 impact 134:139 The impact 130:139 The impact of diet-induced weight loss and weight loss due to RYGB in patients with (T2DM, N = 16) and without (OB, N = 27) type 2 diabetes 130:268 AIMS The impact of diet-induced weight loss and weight loss due to RYGB in patients with (T2DM, N = 16) and without (OB, N = 27) type 2 diabetes was studied. 26496769 0 26 theme diet- 15:19 arg1 loss 45:48 diet- and RYGB-induced weight loss 15:48 diet- and RYGB-induced weight loss 15:48 The effects of diet- and RYGB-induced weight loss on insulin sensitivity in obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes. 26496769 1 27 dep diabetes 261:268 arg1 OB 242:243 OB 242:243 OB 242:243 AIMS The impact of diet-induced weight loss and weight loss due to RYGB in patients with (T2DM, N = 16) and without (OB, N = 27) type 2 diabetes was studied. 26496769 1 27 dep diabetes 261:268 arg1 N = 27 246:251 N = 27 246:251 N = 27 246:251 AIMS The impact of diet-induced weight loss and weight loss due to RYGB in patients with (T2DM, N = 16) and without (OB, N = 27) type 2 diabetes was studied. 26496769 0 28 theme type 108:111 arg1 diabetes 115:122 type 2 diabetes 108:122 type 2 diabetes 108:122 The effects of diet- and RYGB-induced weight loss on insulin sensitivity in obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes. 26496769 2 29 theme respiratory 493:503 arg1 ratio 514:518 respiratory exchange ratio 493:518 respiratory exchange ratio 493:518 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 8 30 theme Metabolic 1210:1218 arg1 improvements 1220:1231 Metabolic improvements 1210:1231 Metabolic improvements of RYGB 1210:1239 CONCLUSIONS Metabolic improvements of RYGB are present already after the diet-induced weight loss prior to surgery. 26496769 2 31 theme diet-induced 315:326 arg1 B 341:341 B 341:341 B 341:341 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 2 31 theme diet-induced 315:326 arg1 loss 335:338 diet-induced weight loss 315:338 diet-induced weight loss (B) 315:342 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 2 32 theme weight 328:333 arg1 B 341:341 B 341:341 B 341:341 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 2 32 theme weight 328:333 arg1 loss 335:338 diet-induced weight loss 315:338 diet-induced weight loss (B) 315:342 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 4 33 theme improvement 752:762 arg1 one-third 729:737 one-third 729:737 one-third 729:737 RESULTS Weight loss was 35-40 kg, and approximately one-third of the total improvement in GIR in T2DM was observed after the diet-induced weight loss of only ~6 kg (B). 26496769 4 33 theme improvement 752:762 arg1 improvement 752:762 the total improvement 742:762 the total improvement in GIR in T2DM 742:777 RESULTS Weight loss was 35-40 kg, and approximately one-third of the total improvement in GIR in T2DM was observed after the diet-induced weight loss of only ~6 kg (B). 26496769 8 34 theme weight 1284:1289 arg1 loss 1291:1294 the diet-induced weight loss 1267:1294 the diet-induced weight loss 1267:1294 CONCLUSIONS Metabolic improvements of RYGB are present already after the diet-induced weight loss prior to surgery. 26496769 1 35 dep AIMS 125:128 arg1 studied 274:280 studied 274:280 was studied 270:280 AIMS The impact of diet-induced weight loss and weight loss due to RYGB in patients with (T2DM, N = 16) and without (OB, N = 27) type 2 diabetes was studied. 26496769 1 36 theme weight 173:178 arg1 loss 180:183 weight loss 173:183 weight loss 173:183 AIMS The impact of diet-induced weight loss and weight loss due to RYGB in patients with (T2DM, N = 16) and without (OB, N = 27) type 2 diabetes was studied. 26496769 2 37 theme months 347:352 arg1 composition 407:417 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition 345:417 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition 345:417 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 0 38 from sensitivity 61:71 arg1 patients 82:89 obese patients 76:89 obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes 76:122 The effects of diet- and RYGB-induced weight loss on insulin sensitivity in obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes. 26496769 1 39 theme loss 180:183 arg1 impact 134:139 The impact 130:139 The impact of diet-induced weight loss and weight loss due to RYGB in patients with (T2DM, N = 16) and without (OB, N = 27) type 2 diabetes 130:268 AIMS The impact of diet-induced weight loss and weight loss due to RYGB in patients with (T2DM, N = 16) and without (OB, N = 27) type 2 diabetes was studied. 26496769 5 40 theme plasma 890:895 arg1 insulin 897:903 fasting plasma insulin 882:903 fasting plasma insulin 882:903 Insulin clearance, visceral fat and fasting plasma insulin also improved significantly after the diet (P < 0.05). 26496769 2 41 from inclusion 294:302 arg1 METHODS 283:289 METHODS 283:289 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance 283:561 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 9 42 theme GLUT4 1314:1318 arg1 content 1320:1326 GLUT4 content 1314:1326 GLUT4 content in skeletal muscle cannot and IMTG content 1314:1369 GLUT4 content in skeletal muscle cannot and IMTG content can only partly explain increases in GIR after RYGB. 26496769 0 43 theme loss 45:48 arg1 effects 4:10 The effects 0:10 The effects of diet- and RYGB-induced weight loss on insulin sensitivity in obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes 0:122 The effects of diet- and RYGB-induced weight loss on insulin sensitivity in obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes. 26496769 6 44 from increases 1105:1113 arg1 GIR 1118:1120 GIR 1118:1120 GIR 1118:1120 Throughout the study, HGP, GLUT4 and glycogen content did not change significantly, but IMTG decreased significantly consistent with significant increases in GIR. 26496769 2 45 theme glucose 428:434 arg1 HGP 448:450 HGP 448:450 HGP 448:450 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 2 45 theme glucose 428:434 arg1 production 436:445 hepatic glucose production 420:445 hepatic glucose production (HGP) 420:451 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 4 46 from improvement 752:762 arg1 T2DM 774:777 T2DM 774:777 T2DM 774:777 RESULTS Weight loss was 35-40 kg, and approximately one-third of the total improvement in GIR in T2DM was observed after the diet-induced weight loss of only ~6 kg (B). 26496769 4 46 from improvement 752:762 arg1 GIR 767:769 GIR 767:769 GIR 767:769 RESULTS Weight loss was 35-40 kg, and approximately one-third of the total improvement in GIR in T2DM was observed after the diet-induced weight loss of only ~6 kg (B). 26496769 0 47 theme weight 38:43 arg1 loss 45:48 diet- and RYGB-induced weight loss 15:48 diet- and RYGB-induced weight loss 15:48 The effects of diet- and RYGB-induced weight loss on insulin sensitivity in obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes. 26496769 4 48 theme RESULTS 677:683 arg1 loss 692:695 RESULTS Weight loss 677:695 RESULTS Weight loss 677:695 RESULTS Weight loss was 35-40 kg, and approximately one-third of the total improvement in GIR in T2DM was observed after the diet-induced weight loss of only ~6 kg (B). 26496769 2 49 theme body 402:405 arg1 composition 407:417 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition 345:417 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition 345:417 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 5 50 theme Insulin 846:852 arg1 clearance 854:862 Insulin clearance 846:862 Insulin clearance 846:862 Insulin clearance, visceral fat and fasting plasma insulin also improved significantly after the diet (P < 0.05). 26496769 2 51 theme glucose 471:477 arg1 GIR 487:489 GIR 487:489 GIR 487:489 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 2 51 theme glucose 471:477 arg1 uptake 479:484 insulin-mediated glucose uptake 454:484 insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR) 454:490 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 2 52 theme insulin 529:535 arg1 sensitivity 537:547 hepatic insulin sensitivity 521:547 hepatic insulin sensitivity 521:547 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 6 53 with consistent 1077:1086 arg1 increases 1105:1113 significant increases 1093:1113 significant increases in GIR 1093:1120 Throughout the study, HGP, GLUT4 and glycogen content did not change significantly, but IMTG decreased significantly consistent with significant increases in GIR. 26496769 4 54 theme total 746:750 arg1 improvement 752:762 the total improvement 742:762 the total improvement in GIR in T2DM 742:777 RESULTS Weight loss was 35-40 kg, and approximately one-third of the total improvement in GIR in T2DM was observed after the diet-induced weight loss of only ~6 kg (B). 26496769 8 55 dep CONCLUSIONS 1198:1208 arg1 present 1245:1251 present 1245:1251 are present already after the diet-induced weight loss prior to surgery 1241:1311 CONCLUSIONS Metabolic improvements of RYGB are present already after the diet-induced weight loss prior to surgery. 26496769 2 56 theme hepatic 521:527 arg1 sensitivity 537:547 hepatic insulin sensitivity 521:547 hepatic insulin sensitivity 521:547 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 9 57 theme skeletal 1331:1338 arg1 muscle 1340:1345 skeletal muscle cannot and IMTG content 1331:1369 muscle 1340:1345 GLUT4 content in skeletal muscle cannot and IMTG content can only partly explain increases in GIR after RYGB. 26496769 1 58 dep with 209:212 arg1 N = 16 221:226 N = 16 221:226 N = 16 221:226 AIMS The impact of diet-induced weight loss and weight loss due to RYGB in patients with (T2DM, N = 16) and without (OB, N = 27) type 2 diabetes was studied. 26496769 1 58 dep with 209:212 arg1 T2DM 215:218 T2DM 215:218 T2DM 215:218 AIMS The impact of diet-induced weight loss and weight loss due to RYGB in patients with (T2DM, N = 16) and without (OB, N = 27) type 2 diabetes was studied. 26496769 6 59 theme glycogen 997:1004 arg1 content 1006:1012 glycogen content 997:1012 glycogen content 997:1012 Throughout the study, HGP, GLUT4 and glycogen content did not change significantly, but IMTG decreased significantly consistent with significant increases in GIR. 26496769 5 60 theme fasting 882:888 arg1 insulin 897:903 fasting plasma insulin 882:903 fasting plasma insulin 882:903 Insulin clearance, visceral fat and fasting plasma insulin also improved significantly after the diet (P < 0.05). 26496769 9 61 from increases 1395:1403 arg1 GIR 1408:1410 GIR 1408:1410 GIR after RYGB 1408:1421 GLUT4 content in skeletal muscle cannot and IMTG content can only partly explain increases in GIR after RYGB. 26496769 0 62 theme insulin 53:59 arg1 sensitivity 61:71 insulin sensitivity 53:71 insulin sensitivity in obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes 53:122 The effects of diet- and RYGB-induced weight loss on insulin sensitivity in obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes. 26496769 7 63 theme insulin 1157:1163 arg1 sensitivity 1165:1175 hepatic insulin sensitivity 1149:1175 hepatic insulin sensitivity 1149:1175 Metabolic flexibility and hepatic insulin sensitivity improved after RYGB. 26496769 8 64 theme RYGB 1236:1239 arg1 improvements 1220:1231 Metabolic improvements 1210:1231 Metabolic improvements of RYGB 1210:1239 CONCLUSIONS Metabolic improvements of RYGB are present already after the diet-induced weight loss prior to surgery. 26496769 7 65 theme hepatic 1149:1155 arg1 sensitivity 1165:1175 hepatic insulin sensitivity 1149:1175 hepatic insulin sensitivity 1149:1175 Metabolic flexibility and hepatic insulin sensitivity improved after RYGB. 26496769 3 66 theme glycogen 626:633 arg1 content 635:641 glycogen content 626:641 glycogen content 626:641 GLUT4, intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG) and glycogen content were measured in skeletal muscle. 26496769 2 67 dep composition 407:417 arg1 D 399:399 D 399:399 D 399:399 METHODS At inclusion (A), after diet-induced weight loss (B), 4 months post-surgery (C) and 18 months post-surgery (D) body composition, hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (GIR), respiratory exchange ratio, hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance were determined. 26496769 0 68 theme obese 76:80 arg1 patients 82:89 obese patients 76:89 obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes 76:122 The effects of diet- and RYGB-induced weight loss on insulin sensitivity in obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes. 27267453 3 0 theme rRNA 334:337 arg1 analysis 353:360 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 330:360 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 330:360 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain VDS11T occupies a distinct phylogenetic position within the genus Corynebacterium, showing the highest sequence similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (98.7 %) and Corynebacterium nasicanis 2673/12T (98.4 %). 27267453 7 1 theme major 1128:1132 arg1 lipids 1140:1145 the major polar lipids 1124:1145 the major polar lipids 1124:1145 Strain VDS11T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and unidentified lipids as the major polar lipids. 27267453 9 2 theme biochemical 1279:1289 arg1 data 1309:1312 the biochemical and physiological data 1275:1312 the biochemical and physiological data 1275:1312 Based on the results of DDH studies and the biochemical and physiological data, strain VDS11T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacteriumfor which the name Corynebacterium pollutisoli sp. 27267453 4 3 theme DNA 610:612 arg1 content 618:624 The DNA G+C content 606:624 The DNA G+C content 606:624 The DNA G+C content was 50.6 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) relatedness value with C. humireducens MFC-5T and C. nasicanis 2673/12T was 49.7 and 39.6 %, respectively. 27267453 4 3 theme DNA 610:612 arg1 % 638:638 50.6 mol% 630:638 50.6 mol% 630:638 The DNA G+C content was 50.6 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) relatedness value with C. humireducens MFC-5T and C. nasicanis 2673/12T was 49.7 and 39.6 %, respectively. 27267453 3 4 theme gene 339:342 arg1 analysis 353:360 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 330:360 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 330:360 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain VDS11T occupies a distinct phylogenetic position within the genus Corynebacterium, showing the highest sequence similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (98.7 %) and Corynebacterium nasicanis 2673/12T (98.4 %). 27267453 3 5 theme strain 377:382 arg1 VDS11T 384:389 strain VDS11T 377:389 strain VDS11T 377:389 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain VDS11T occupies a distinct phylogenetic position within the genus Corynebacterium, showing the highest sequence similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (98.7 %) and Corynebacterium nasicanis 2673/12T (98.4 %). 27267453 3 6 dep Corynebacterium 512:526 arg1 humireducens 528:539 humireducens 528:539 humireducens 528:539 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain VDS11T occupies a distinct phylogenetic position within the genus Corynebacterium, showing the highest sequence similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (98.7 %) and Corynebacterium nasicanis 2673/12T (98.4 %). 27267453 11 7 theme 2722T=KCTC 1503:1512 arg1 39687T 1514:1519 =DSM 100104T=MCC 2722T=KCTC 39687T 1486:1519 =DSM 100104T=MCC 2722T=KCTC 39687T 1486:1519 The type strain is VDS11T(=DSM 100104T=MCC 2722T=KCTC 39687T). 27267453 11 7 theme 2722T=KCTC 1503:1512 arg1 VDS11T 1479:1484 VDS11T 1479:1484 VDS11T(=DSM 100104T=MCC 2722T=KCTC 39687T) 1479:1520 The type strain is VDS11T(=DSM 100104T=MCC 2722T=KCTC 39687T). 27267453 9 8 theme strain 1315:1320 arg1 VDS11T 1322:1327 strain VDS11T 1315:1327 strain VDS11T 1315:1327 Based on the results of DDH studies and the biochemical and physiological data, strain VDS11T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacteriumfor which the name Corynebacterium pollutisoli sp. 27267453 7 9 theme polar 1134:1138 arg1 lipids 1140:1145 the major polar lipids 1124:1145 the major polar lipids 1124:1145 Strain VDS11T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and unidentified lipids as the major polar lipids. 27267453 4 10 theme hybridization 656:668 arg1 % 766:766 49.7 and 39.6 % 752:766 49.7 and 39.6 % 752:766 The DNA G+C content was 50.6 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) relatedness value with C. humireducens MFC-5T and C. nasicanis 2673/12T was 49.7 and 39.6 %, respectively. 27267453 4 10 theme hybridization 656:668 arg1 value 688:692 the DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) relatedness value 644:692 the DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) relatedness value with C. humireducens MFC-5T and C. nasicanis 2673/12T 644:746 The DNA G+C content was 50.6 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) relatedness value with C. humireducens MFC-5T and C. nasicanis 2673/12T was 49.7 and 39.6 %, respectively. 27267453 7 11 theme unidentified 1101:1112 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 976:997 diphosphatidylglycerol 976:997 diphosphatidylglycerol 976:997 Strain VDS11T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and unidentified lipids as the major polar lipids. 27267453 7 11 theme unidentified 1101:1112 arg1 lipids 1114:1119 unidentified lipids 1101:1119 unidentified lipids 1101:1119 Strain VDS11T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and unidentified lipids as the major polar lipids. 27267453 8 12 theme 6-diaminopimelic 1188:1203 arg1 acid 1205:1208 6-diaminopimelic acid 1188:1208 6-diaminopimelic acid 1188:1208 The peptidoglycan type was A31 (meso 2, 6-diaminopimelic acid, directly cross-linked). 27267453 8 12 theme 6-diaminopimelic 1188:1203 arg1 meso 1180:1183 meso 2 1180:1185 meso 2 1180:1185 The peptidoglycan type was A31 (meso 2, 6-diaminopimelic acid, directly cross-linked). 27267453 3 13 theme Corynebacterium 561:575 arg1 2673/12T 587:594 Corynebacterium nasicanis 2673/12T 561:594 Corynebacterium nasicanis 2673/12T (98.4 %) 561:603 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain VDS11T occupies a distinct phylogenetic position within the genus Corynebacterium, showing the highest sequence similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (98.7 %) and Corynebacterium nasicanis 2673/12T (98.4 %). 27267453 3 13 theme Corynebacterium 561:575 arg1 % 602:602 98.4 % 597:602 98.4 % 597:602 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain VDS11T occupies a distinct phylogenetic position within the genus Corynebacterium, showing the highest sequence similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (98.7 %) and Corynebacterium nasicanis 2673/12T (98.4 %). 27267453 9 14 theme novel 1342:1346 arg1 species 1348:1354 a novel species 1340:1354 a novel species of the genus Corynebacteriumfor which the name Corynebacterium pollutisoli sp 1340:1432 Based on the results of DDH studies and the biochemical and physiological data, strain VDS11T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacteriumfor which the name Corynebacterium pollutisoli sp. 27267453 8 15 theme peptidoglycan 1152:1164 arg1 type 1166:1169 The peptidoglycan type 1148:1169 The peptidoglycan type 1148:1169 The peptidoglycan type was A31 (meso 2, 6-diaminopimelic acid, directly cross-linked). 27267453 8 15 theme peptidoglycan 1152:1164 arg1 A31 1175:1177 A31 1175:1177 A31 1175:1177 The peptidoglycan type was A31 (meso 2, 6-diaminopimelic acid, directly cross-linked). 27267453 4 16 theme G+C 614:616 arg1 content 618:624 The DNA G+C content 606:624 The DNA G+C content 606:624 The DNA G+C content was 50.6 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) relatedness value with C. humireducens MFC-5T and C. nasicanis 2673/12T was 49.7 and 39.6 %, respectively. 27267453 4 16 theme G+C 614:616 arg1 % 638:638 50.6 mol% 630:638 50.6 mol% 630:638 The DNA G+C content was 50.6 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) relatedness value with C. humireducens MFC-5T and C. nasicanis 2673/12T was 49.7 and 39.6 %, respectively. 27267453 2 17 dep Gram-stain-positive 94:112 arg1 alkaliphilic 115:126 alkaliphilic 115:126 alkaliphilic 115:126 A Gram-stain-positive, alkaliphilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium, designated VDS11T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the hexachlorocyclohexane dumpsite, located at Ummari Village, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. 27267453 2 17 dep Gram-stain-positive 94:112 arg1 non-motile 148:157 non-motile 148:157 non-motile 148:157 A Gram-stain-positive, alkaliphilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium, designated VDS11T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the hexachlorocyclohexane dumpsite, located at Ummari Village, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. 27267453 2 17 dep Gram-stain-positive 94:112 arg1 non-spore-forming 129:145 non-spore-forming 129:145 non-spore-forming 129:145 A Gram-stain-positive, alkaliphilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium, designated VDS11T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the hexachlorocyclohexane dumpsite, located at Ummari Village, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. 27267453 11 18 theme type 1464:1467 arg1 VDS11T 1479:1484 VDS11T 1479:1484 VDS11T(=DSM 100104T=MCC 2722T=KCTC 39687T) 1479:1520 The type strain is VDS11T(=DSM 100104T=MCC 2722T=KCTC 39687T). 27267453 11 18 theme type 1464:1467 arg1 strain 1469:1474 The type strain 1460:1474 The type strain 1460:1474 The type strain is VDS11T(=DSM 100104T=MCC 2722T=KCTC 39687T). 27267453 0 19 theme Corynebacteriumpollutisoli 0:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Corynebacteriumpollutisoli sp 0:28 Corynebacteriumpollutisoli sp. 0:29 Corynebacteriumpollutisoli sp. 27267453 3 20 theme distinct 402:409 arg1 position 424:431 a distinct phylogenetic position 400:431 a distinct phylogenetic position within the genus Corynebacterium 400:464 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain VDS11T occupies a distinct phylogenetic position within the genus Corynebacterium, showing the highest sequence similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (98.7 %) and Corynebacterium nasicanis 2673/12T (98.4 %). 27267453 4 21 with value 688:692 arg1 2673/12T 739:746 2673/12T 739:746 2673/12T 739:746 The DNA G+C content was 50.6 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) relatedness value with C. humireducens MFC-5T and C. nasicanis 2673/12T was 49.7 and 39.6 %, respectively. 27267453 4 21 with value 688:692 arg1 MFC-5T 715:720 MFC-5T 715:720 MFC-5T 715:720 The DNA G+C content was 50.6 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) relatedness value with C. humireducens MFC-5T and C. nasicanis 2673/12T was 49.7 and 39.6 %, respectively. 27267453 7 22 theme Strain 952:957 arg1 VDS11T 959:964 Strain VDS11T 952:964 Strain VDS11T 952:964 Strain VDS11T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and unidentified lipids as the major polar lipids. 27267453 4 23 theme relatedness 676:686 arg1 % 766:766 49.7 and 39.6 % 752:766 49.7 and 39.6 % 752:766 The DNA G+C content was 50.6 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) relatedness value with C. humireducens MFC-5T and C. nasicanis 2673/12T was 49.7 and 39.6 %, respectively. 27267453 4 23 theme relatedness 676:686 arg1 value 688:692 the DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) relatedness value 644:692 the DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) relatedness value with C. humireducens MFC-5T and C. nasicanis 2673/12T 644:746 The DNA G+C content was 50.6 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) relatedness value with C. humireducens MFC-5T and C. nasicanis 2673/12T was 49.7 and 39.6 %, respectively. 27267453 3 24 theme phylogenetic 411:422 arg1 position 424:431 a distinct phylogenetic position 400:431 a distinct phylogenetic position within the genus Corynebacterium 400:464 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain VDS11T occupies a distinct phylogenetic position within the genus Corynebacterium, showing the highest sequence similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (98.7 %) and Corynebacterium nasicanis 2673/12T (98.4 %). 27267453 2 25 theme Gram-stain-positive 94:112 arg1 bacterium 159:167 A Gram-stain-positive, alkaliphilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium 92:167 A Gram-stain-positive, alkaliphilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium 92:167 A Gram-stain-positive, alkaliphilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium, designated VDS11T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the hexachlorocyclohexane dumpsite, located at Ummari Village, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. 27267453 9 26 theme physiological 1295:1307 arg1 data 1309:1312 the biochemical and physiological data 1275:1312 the biochemical and physiological data 1275:1312 Based on the results of DDH studies and the biochemical and physiological data, strain VDS11T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacteriumfor which the name Corynebacterium pollutisoli sp. 27267453 5 27 theme cellular 887:894 arg1 C18  842:845 C18  842:845 C18  842:845 Strain VDS11T contained C16 : 0 (28.3), C18 : 1ω9c (52.3), C18 : 0 (1.3) and C20 : 0 (3.0) as the major cellular fatty acids. 27267453 5 27 theme cellular 887:894 arg1 C18  823:826 C18  823:826 C18  823:826 Strain VDS11T contained C16 : 0 (28.3), C18 : 1ω9c (52.3), C18 : 0 (1.3) and C20 : 0 (3.0) as the major cellular fatty acids. 27267453 5 27 theme cellular 887:894 arg1 C16  807:810 C16  807:810 C16  807:810 Strain VDS11T contained C16 : 0 (28.3), C18 : 1ω9c (52.3), C18 : 0 (1.3) and C20 : 0 (3.0) as the major cellular fatty acids. 27267453 5 27 theme cellular 887:894 arg1 acids 902:906 the major cellular fatty acids 877:906 the major cellular fatty acids 877:906 Strain VDS11T contained C16 : 0 (28.3), C18 : 1ω9c (52.3), C18 : 0 (1.3) and C20 : 0 (3.0) as the major cellular fatty acids. 27267453 5 27 theme cellular 887:894 arg1 C20  860:863 C20  860:863 C20  860:863 Strain VDS11T contained C16 : 0 (28.3), C18 : 1ω9c (52.3), C18 : 0 (1.3) and C20 : 0 (3.0) as the major cellular fatty acids. 27267453 2 28 theme soil 209:212 arg1 sample 214:219 a soil sample 207:219 a soil sample collected from the hexachlorocyclohexane dumpsite, located at Ummari Village, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India 207:327 A Gram-stain-positive, alkaliphilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium, designated VDS11T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the hexachlorocyclohexane dumpsite, located at Ummari Village, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. 27267453 9 29 dep sp 1431:1432 arg1 species 1348:1354 a novel species 1340:1354 a novel species of the genus Corynebacteriumfor which the name Corynebacterium pollutisoli sp 1340:1432 Based on the results of DDH studies and the biochemical and physiological data, strain VDS11T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacteriumfor which the name Corynebacterium pollutisoli sp. 27267453 9 30 theme pollutisoli 1419:1429 arg1 sp 1431:1432 the name Corynebacterium pollutisoli sp 1394:1432 the name Corynebacterium pollutisoli sp 1394:1432 Based on the results of DDH studies and the biochemical and physiological data, strain VDS11T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacteriumfor which the name Corynebacterium pollutisoli sp. 27267453 2 31 attach isolated 193:200 arg1 sample 214:219 a soil sample 207:219 a soil sample collected from the hexachlorocyclohexane dumpsite, located at Ummari Village, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India 207:327 A Gram-stain-positive, alkaliphilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium, designated VDS11T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the hexachlorocyclohexane dumpsite, located at Ummari Village, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. 27267453 2 31 attach isolated 193:200 arg2 bacterium 159:167 A Gram-stain-positive, alkaliphilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium 92:167 A Gram-stain-positive, alkaliphilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium 92:167 A Gram-stain-positive, alkaliphilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium, designated VDS11T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the hexachlorocyclohexane dumpsite, located at Ummari Village, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. 27267453 2 32 theme located 272:278 arg1 dumpsite 262:269 the hexachlorocyclohexane dumpsite 236:269 the hexachlorocyclohexane dumpsite 236:269 A Gram-stain-positive, alkaliphilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium, designated VDS11T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the hexachlorocyclohexane dumpsite, located at Ummari Village, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. 27267453 2 33 from Village 290:296 arg1 located 272:278 located 272:278 located 272:278 A Gram-stain-positive, alkaliphilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium, designated VDS11T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the hexachlorocyclohexane dumpsite, located at Ummari Village, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. 27267453 3 34 theme highest 479:485 arg1 similarity 496:505 the highest sequence similarity 475:505 the highest sequence similarity 475:505 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain VDS11T occupies a distinct phylogenetic position within the genus Corynebacterium, showing the highest sequence similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (98.7 %) and Corynebacterium nasicanis 2673/12T (98.4 %). 27267453 3 35 theme genus 444:448 arg1 Corynebacterium 450:464 the genus Corynebacterium 440:464 the genus Corynebacterium 440:464 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain VDS11T occupies a distinct phylogenetic position within the genus Corynebacterium, showing the highest sequence similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (98.7 %) and Corynebacterium nasicanis 2673/12T (98.4 %). 27267453 5 36 theme Strain 783:788 arg1 VDS11T 790:795 Strain VDS11T 783:795 Strain VDS11T 783:795 Strain VDS11T contained C16 : 0 (28.3), C18 : 1ω9c (52.3), C18 : 0 (1.3) and C20 : 0 (3.0) as the major cellular fatty acids. 27267453 9 37 theme Corynebacteriumfor 1369:1386 arg1 species 1348:1354 a novel species 1340:1354 a novel species of the genus Corynebacteriumfor which the name Corynebacterium pollutisoli sp 1340:1432 Based on the results of DDH studies and the biochemical and physiological data, strain VDS11T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacteriumfor which the name Corynebacterium pollutisoli sp. 27267453 3 38 theme sequence 487:494 arg1 similarity 496:505 the highest sequence similarity 475:505 the highest sequence similarity 475:505 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain VDS11T occupies a distinct phylogenetic position within the genus Corynebacterium, showing the highest sequence similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (98.7 %) and Corynebacterium nasicanis 2673/12T (98.4 %). 27267453 9 39 theme DDH 1259:1261 arg1 studies 1263:1269 DDH studies 1259:1269 DDH studies 1259:1269 Based on the results of DDH studies and the biochemical and physiological data, strain VDS11T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacteriumfor which the name Corynebacterium pollutisoli sp. 27267453 6 40 theme isoprenoid 919:928 arg1 MK-9 942:945 MK-9 942:945 MK-9 942:945 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H2). 27267453 6 40 theme isoprenoid 919:928 arg1 quinone 930:936 The major isoprenoid quinone 909:936 The major isoprenoid quinone 909:936 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H2). 27267453 9 41 theme genus 1363:1367 arg1 Corynebacteriumfor 1369:1386 the genus Corynebacteriumfor 1359:1386 the genus Corynebacteriumfor 1359:1386 Based on the results of DDH studies and the biochemical and physiological data, strain VDS11T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacteriumfor which the name Corynebacterium pollutisoli sp. 27267453 8 42 link cross-linked 1220:1231 arg1 acid 1205:1208 6-diaminopimelic acid 1188:1208 6-diaminopimelic acid 1188:1208 The peptidoglycan type was A31 (meso 2, 6-diaminopimelic acid, directly cross-linked). 27267453 8 42 link cross-linked 1220:1231 arg1 meso 1180:1183 meso 2 1180:1185 meso 2 1180:1185 The peptidoglycan type was A31 (meso 2, 6-diaminopimelic acid, directly cross-linked). 27267453 3 43 dep Corynebacterium 561:575 arg1 nasicanis 577:585 nasicanis 577:585 nasicanis 577:585 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain VDS11T occupies a distinct phylogenetic position within the genus Corynebacterium, showing the highest sequence similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (98.7 %) and Corynebacterium nasicanis 2673/12T (98.4 %). 27267453 7 44 theme unidentified 1044:1055 arg1 aminolipids 1057:1067 unidentified aminolipids 1044:1067 unidentified aminolipids 1044:1067 Strain VDS11T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and unidentified lipids as the major polar lipids. 27267453 7 44 theme unidentified 1044:1055 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 976:997 diphosphatidylglycerol 976:997 diphosphatidylglycerol 976:997 Strain VDS11T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and unidentified lipids as the major polar lipids. 27267453 9 45 theme studies 1263:1269 arg1 results 1248:1254 the results 1244:1254 the results of DDH studies 1244:1269 Based on the results of DDH studies and the biochemical and physiological data, strain VDS11T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacteriumfor which the name Corynebacterium pollutisoli sp. 27267453 9 45 theme studies 1263:1269 arg1 data 1309:1312 the biochemical and physiological data 1275:1312 the biochemical and physiological data 1275:1312 Based on the results of DDH studies and the biochemical and physiological data, strain VDS11T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacteriumfor which the name Corynebacterium pollutisoli sp. 27267453 3 46 theme 16S 330:332 arg1 rRNA 334:337 16S rRNA 330:337 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 330:360 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain VDS11T occupies a distinct phylogenetic position within the genus Corynebacterium, showing the highest sequence similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (98.7 %) and Corynebacterium nasicanis 2673/12T (98.4 %). 27267453 5 47 contain contained 797:805 arg1 VDS11T 790:795 Strain VDS11T 783:795 Strain VDS11T 783:795 Strain VDS11T contained C16 : 0 (28.3), C18 : 1ω9c (52.3), C18 : 0 (1.3) and C20 : 0 (3.0) as the major cellular fatty acids. 27267453 5 47 contain contained 797:805 arg2 C20  860:863 C20  860:863 C20  860:863 Strain VDS11T contained C16 : 0 (28.3), C18 : 1ω9c (52.3), C18 : 0 (1.3) and C20 : 0 (3.0) as the major cellular fatty acids. 27267453 5 47 contain contained 797:805 arg2 C18  842:845 C18  842:845 C18  842:845 Strain VDS11T contained C16 : 0 (28.3), C18 : 1ω9c (52.3), C18 : 0 (1.3) and C20 : 0 (3.0) as the major cellular fatty acids. 27267453 5 47 contain contained 797:805 arg2 C16  807:810 C16  807:810 C16  807:810 Strain VDS11T contained C16 : 0 (28.3), C18 : 1ω9c (52.3), C18 : 0 (1.3) and C20 : 0 (3.0) as the major cellular fatty acids. 27267453 5 47 contain contained 797:805 arg2 C18  823:826 C18  823:826 C18  823:826 Strain VDS11T contained C16 : 0 (28.3), C18 : 1ω9c (52.3), C18 : 0 (1.3) and C20 : 0 (3.0) as the major cellular fatty acids. 27267453 5 47 contain contained 797:805 arg2 acids 902:906 the major cellular fatty acids 877:906 the major cellular fatty acids 877:906 Strain VDS11T contained C16 : 0 (28.3), C18 : 1ω9c (52.3), C18 : 0 (1.3) and C20 : 0 (3.0) as the major cellular fatty acids. 27267453 2 48 theme hexachlorocyclohexane 240:260 arg1 dumpsite 262:269 the hexachlorocyclohexane dumpsite 236:269 the hexachlorocyclohexane dumpsite 236:269 A Gram-stain-positive, alkaliphilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium, designated VDS11T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the hexachlorocyclohexane dumpsite, located at Ummari Village, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. 27267453 5 49 theme fatty 896:900 arg1 C18  842:845 C18  842:845 C18  842:845 Strain VDS11T contained C16 : 0 (28.3), C18 : 1ω9c (52.3), C18 : 0 (1.3) and C20 : 0 (3.0) as the major cellular fatty acids. 27267453 5 49 theme fatty 896:900 arg1 C18  823:826 C18  823:826 C18  823:826 Strain VDS11T contained C16 : 0 (28.3), C18 : 1ω9c (52.3), C18 : 0 (1.3) and C20 : 0 (3.0) as the major cellular fatty acids. 27267453 5 49 theme fatty 896:900 arg1 C16  807:810 C16  807:810 C16  807:810 Strain VDS11T contained C16 : 0 (28.3), C18 : 1ω9c (52.3), C18 : 0 (1.3) and C20 : 0 (3.0) as the major cellular fatty acids. 27267453 5 49 theme fatty 896:900 arg1 acids 902:906 the major cellular fatty acids 877:906 the major cellular fatty acids 877:906 Strain VDS11T contained C16 : 0 (28.3), C18 : 1ω9c (52.3), C18 : 0 (1.3) and C20 : 0 (3.0) as the major cellular fatty acids. 27267453 5 49 theme fatty 896:900 arg1 C20  860:863 C20  860:863 C20  860:863 Strain VDS11T contained C16 : 0 (28.3), C18 : 1ω9c (52.3), C18 : 0 (1.3) and C20 : 0 (3.0) as the major cellular fatty acids. 27267453 3 50 theme Corynebacterium 512:526 arg1 MFC-5T 541:546 Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T 512:546 Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (98.7 %) 512:555 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain VDS11T occupies a distinct phylogenetic position within the genus Corynebacterium, showing the highest sequence similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (98.7 %) and Corynebacterium nasicanis 2673/12T (98.4 %). 27267453 3 50 theme Corynebacterium 512:526 arg1 % 554:554 98.7 % 549:554 98.7 % 549:554 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain VDS11T occupies a distinct phylogenetic position within the genus Corynebacterium, showing the highest sequence similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (98.7 %) and Corynebacterium nasicanis 2673/12T (98.4 %). 27267453 6 51 theme major 913:917 arg1 MK-9 942:945 MK-9 942:945 MK-9 942:945 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H2). 27267453 6 51 theme major 913:917 arg1 quinone 930:936 The major isoprenoid quinone 909:936 The major isoprenoid quinone 909:936 The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H2). 27267453 8 52 dep A31 1175:1177 arg1 acid 1205:1208 6-diaminopimelic acid 1188:1208 6-diaminopimelic acid 1188:1208 The peptidoglycan type was A31 (meso 2, 6-diaminopimelic acid, directly cross-linked). 27267453 8 52 dep A31 1175:1177 arg1 meso 1180:1183 meso 2 1180:1185 meso 2 1180:1185 The peptidoglycan type was A31 (meso 2, 6-diaminopimelic acid, directly cross-linked). 27267453 5 53 theme major 881:885 arg1 C18  842:845 C18  842:845 C18  842:845 Strain VDS11T contained C16 : 0 (28.3), C18 : 1ω9c (52.3), C18 : 0 (1.3) and C20 : 0 (3.0) as the major cellular fatty acids. 27267453 5 53 theme major 881:885 arg1 C18  823:826 C18  823:826 C18  823:826 Strain VDS11T contained C16 : 0 (28.3), C18 : 1ω9c (52.3), C18 : 0 (1.3) and C20 : 0 (3.0) as the major cellular fatty acids. 27267453 5 53 theme major 881:885 arg1 C16  807:810 C16  807:810 C16  807:810 Strain VDS11T contained C16 : 0 (28.3), C18 : 1ω9c (52.3), C18 : 0 (1.3) and C20 : 0 (3.0) as the major cellular fatty acids. 27267453 5 53 theme major 881:885 arg1 acids 902:906 the major cellular fatty acids 877:906 the major cellular fatty acids 877:906 Strain VDS11T contained C16 : 0 (28.3), C18 : 1ω9c (52.3), C18 : 0 (1.3) and C20 : 0 (3.0) as the major cellular fatty acids. 27267453 5 53 theme major 881:885 arg1 C20  860:863 C20  860:863 C20  860:863 Strain VDS11T contained C16 : 0 (28.3), C18 : 1ω9c (52.3), C18 : 0 (1.3) and C20 : 0 (3.0) as the major cellular fatty acids. 27267453 9 54 theme Corynebacterium 1403:1417 arg1 sp 1431:1432 the name Corynebacterium pollutisoli sp 1394:1432 the name Corynebacterium pollutisoli sp 1394:1432 Based on the results of DDH studies and the biochemical and physiological data, strain VDS11T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacteriumfor which the name Corynebacterium pollutisoli sp. 27267453 9 55 theme name 1398:1401 arg1 sp 1431:1432 the name Corynebacterium pollutisoli sp 1394:1432 the name Corynebacterium pollutisoli sp 1394:1432 Based on the results of DDH studies and the biochemical and physiological data, strain VDS11T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacteriumfor which the name Corynebacterium pollutisoli sp. 27267453 3 56 theme sequence 344:351 arg1 analysis 353:360 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 330:360 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 330:360 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain VDS11T occupies a distinct phylogenetic position within the genus Corynebacterium, showing the highest sequence similarity with Corynebacterium humireducens MFC-5T (98.7 %) and Corynebacterium nasicanis 2673/12T (98.4 %). 27267453 4 57 theme DNA-DNA 648:654 arg1 DDH 671:673 DDH 671:673 DDH 671:673 The DNA G+C content was 50.6 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) relatedness value with C. humireducens MFC-5T and C. nasicanis 2673/12T was 49.7 and 39.6 %, respectively. 27267453 4 57 theme DNA-DNA 648:654 arg1 hybridization 656:668 DNA-DNA hybridization 648:668 the DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) relatedness value with C. humireducens MFC-5T and C. nasicanis 2673/12T 644:746 The DNA G+C content was 50.6 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) relatedness value with C. humireducens MFC-5T and C. nasicanis 2673/12T was 49.7 and 39.6 %, respectively. 27267453 2 58 theme Ummari 283:288 arg1 India 323:327 India 323:327 India 323:327 A Gram-stain-positive, alkaliphilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium, designated VDS11T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the hexachlorocyclohexane dumpsite, located at Ummari Village, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. 27267453 2 58 theme Ummari 283:288 arg1 Village 290:296 Ummari Village 283:296 Ummari Village 283:296 A Gram-stain-positive, alkaliphilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium, designated VDS11T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the hexachlorocyclohexane dumpsite, located at Ummari Village, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. 27267453 8 59 theme cross-linked 1220:1231 arg1 acid 1205:1208 6-diaminopimelic acid 1188:1208 6-diaminopimelic acid 1188:1208 The peptidoglycan type was A31 (meso 2, 6-diaminopimelic acid, directly cross-linked). 27267453 8 59 theme cross-linked 1220:1231 arg1 meso 1180:1183 meso 2 1180:1185 meso 2 1180:1185 The peptidoglycan type was A31 (meso 2, 6-diaminopimelic acid, directly cross-linked). 27267453 7 60 contain contained 966:974 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 976:997 diphosphatidylglycerol 976:997 diphosphatidylglycerol 976:997 Strain VDS11T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and unidentified lipids as the major polar lipids. 27267453 7 60 contain contained 966:974 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 1000:1019 phosphatidylglycerol 1000:1019 phosphatidylglycerol 1000:1019 Strain VDS11T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and unidentified lipids as the major polar lipids. 27267453 7 60 contain contained 966:974 arg1 VDS11T 959:964 Strain VDS11T 952:964 Strain VDS11T 952:964 Strain VDS11T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and unidentified lipids as the major polar lipids. 27267453 7 60 contain contained 966:974 arg2 lipids 1114:1119 unidentified lipids 1101:1119 unidentified lipids 1101:1119 Strain VDS11T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and unidentified lipids as the major polar lipids. 27267453 7 60 contain contained 966:974 arg2 aminolipids 1057:1067 unidentified aminolipids 1044:1067 unidentified aminolipids 1044:1067 Strain VDS11T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and unidentified lipids as the major polar lipids. 27267453 7 60 contain contained 966:974 arg2 phosphatidylinositol 1022:1041 phosphatidylinositol 1022:1041 phosphatidylinositol 1022:1041 Strain VDS11T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and unidentified lipids as the major polar lipids. 27267453 7 60 contain contained 966:974 arg2 glycolipids 1070:1080 glycolipids 1070:1080 glycolipids 1070:1080 Strain VDS11T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and unidentified lipids as the major polar lipids. 27267453 7 60 contain contained 966:974 arg2 phospholipids 1083:1095 phospholipids 1083:1095 phospholipids 1083:1095 Strain VDS11T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, unidentified aminolipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and unidentified lipids as the major polar lipids. 27267453 11 61 theme =DSM 1486:1489 arg1 39687T 1514:1519 =DSM 100104T=MCC 2722T=KCTC 39687T 1486:1519 =DSM 100104T=MCC 2722T=KCTC 39687T 1486:1519 The type strain is VDS11T(=DSM 100104T=MCC 2722T=KCTC 39687T). 27267453 11 61 theme =DSM 1486:1489 arg1 VDS11T 1479:1484 VDS11T 1479:1484 VDS11T(=DSM 100104T=MCC 2722T=KCTC 39687T) 1479:1520 The type strain is VDS11T(=DSM 100104T=MCC 2722T=KCTC 39687T). 27267453 1 62 theme hexachlorocyclohexane-contaminated 51:84 arg1 soil 86:89 hexachlorocyclohexane-contaminated soil 51:89 hexachlorocyclohexane-contaminated soil 51:89 nov., isolated from hexachlorocyclohexane-contaminated soil. 27267453 11 63 theme 100104T=MCC 1491:1501 arg1 39687T 1514:1519 =DSM 100104T=MCC 2722T=KCTC 39687T 1486:1519 =DSM 100104T=MCC 2722T=KCTC 39687T 1486:1519 The type strain is VDS11T(=DSM 100104T=MCC 2722T=KCTC 39687T). 27267453 11 63 theme 100104T=MCC 1491:1501 arg1 VDS11T 1479:1484 VDS11T 1479:1484 VDS11T(=DSM 100104T=MCC 2722T=KCTC 39687T) 1479:1520 The type strain is VDS11T(=DSM 100104T=MCC 2722T=KCTC 39687T). 27267453 4 64 theme mol 635:637 arg1 content 618:624 The DNA G+C content 606:624 The DNA G+C content 606:624 The DNA G+C content was 50.6 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) relatedness value with C. humireducens MFC-5T and C. nasicanis 2673/12T was 49.7 and 39.6 %, respectively. 27267453 4 64 theme mol 635:637 arg1 % 638:638 50.6 mol% 630:638 50.6 mol% 630:638 The DNA G+C content was 50.6 mol% and the DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) relatedness value with C. humireducens MFC-5T and C. nasicanis 2673/12T was 49.7 and 39.6 %, respectively. 26843192 2 0 from Brazil 180:185 arg1 nodules 143:149 root nodules 138:149 root nodules of Periandra mediterranea in Brazil 138:185 A bacterial strain designated PM10T was isolated from root nodules of Periandra mediterranea in Brazil. 26843192 3 1 theme rRNA 223:226 arg1 sequences 233:241 16S rRNA gene sequences 219:241 16S rRNA gene sequences 219:241 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 11 2 theme phenotypic 1107:1116 arg1 analyses 1118:1125 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1074:1125 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1074:1125 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain PM10T should be considered representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus periandrae sp. 26843192 3 3 theme Paenibacillus 322:334 arg1 Paenibacillus 275:287 Paenibacillus 275:287 Paenibacillus 275:287 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 3 3 theme Paenibacillus 322:334 arg1 53270T 350:355 Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T 322:355 Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T 322:355 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 3 4 theme gene 228:231 arg1 sequences 233:241 16S rRNA gene sequences 219:241 16S rRNA gene sequences 219:241 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 7 5 theme only 747:750 arg1 MK-7 734:737 MK-7 734:737 MK-7 734:737 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major fatty acid. 26843192 7 5 theme only 747:750 arg1 menaquinone 752:762 the only menaquinone 743:762 the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15  743:788 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major fatty acid. 26843192 3 6 theme Paenibacillus 361:373 arg1 YN2T 387:390 Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T 361:390 Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T 361:390 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 11 7 theme novel 1193:1197 arg1 species 1199:1205 a novel species 1191:1205 a novel species 1191:1205 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain PM10T should be considered representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus periandrae sp. 26843192 11 8 theme name 1249:1252 arg1 sp 1279:1280 the name Paenibacillus periandrae sp 1245:1280 the name Paenibacillus periandrae sp 1245:1280 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain PM10T should be considered representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus periandrae sp. 26843192 3 9 theme yunnanensis 375:385 arg1 YN2T 387:390 Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T 361:390 Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T 361:390 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 3 10 theme 16S 219:221 arg1 sequences 233:241 16S rRNA gene sequences 219:241 16S rRNA gene sequences 219:241 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 11 11 theme Paenibacillus 1254:1266 arg1 sp 1279:1280 the name Paenibacillus periandrae sp 1245:1280 the name Paenibacillus periandrae sp 1245:1280 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain PM10T should be considered representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus periandrae sp. 26843192 1 12 theme Periandra 60:68 arg1 mediterranea 70:81 Periandra mediterranea 60:81 Periandra mediterranea 60:81 nov., isolated from nodules of Periandra mediterranea. 26843192 11 13 theme strain 1139:1144 arg1 PM10T 1146:1150 strain PM10T 1139:1150 strain PM10T 1139:1150 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain PM10T should be considered representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus periandrae sp. 26843192 2 14 theme root 138:141 arg1 nodules 143:149 root nodules 138:149 root nodules of Periandra mediterranea in Brazil 138:185 A bacterial strain designated PM10T was isolated from root nodules of Periandra mediterranea in Brazil. 26843192 8 15 theme polar 825:829 arg1 lipids 831:836 Major polar lipids 819:836 Major polar lipids 819:836 Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified lipids. 26843192 1 16 theme mediterranea 70:81 arg1 nodules 49:55 nodules 49:55 nodules of Periandra mediterranea 49:81 nov., isolated from nodules of Periandra mediterranea. 26843192 6 17 theme carbon 718:723 arg1 sources 725:731 carbon sources 718:731 carbon sources 718:731 Growth was supported by many carbohydrates and organic acids as carbon sources. 26843192 3 18 theme 95.6 397:400 arg1 % 410:410 95.6 and 95.9% 397:410 % 410:410 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 4 19 theme Gram-stain-variable 479:497 arg1 catalase-negative 533:549 catalase-negative 533:549 catalase-negative 533:549 The isolate was a Gram-stain-variable, motile, sporulating rod that was catalase-negative and oxidase-positive. 26843192 4 19 theme Gram-stain-variable 479:497 arg1 isolate 465:471 The isolate 461:471 The isolate 461:471 The isolate was a Gram-stain-variable, motile, sporulating rod that was catalase-negative and oxidase-positive. 26843192 4 19 theme Gram-stain-variable 479:497 arg1 rod 520:522 a Gram-stain-variable, motile, sporulating rod 477:522 a Gram-stain-variable, motile, sporulating rod that was catalase-negative and oxidase-positive 477:570 The isolate was a Gram-stain-variable, motile, sporulating rod that was catalase-negative and oxidase-positive. 26843192 2 20 from mediterranea 164:175 arg1 Brazil 180:185 Brazil 180:185 Brazil 180:185 A bacterial strain designated PM10T was isolated from root nodules of Periandra mediterranea in Brazil. 26843192 3 21 with YN2T 387:390 arg1 similarity 435:444 rRNA gene sequence similarity 416:444 rRNA gene sequence similarity 416:444 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 3 21 with YN2T 387:390 arg1 % 410:410 95.6 and 95.9% 397:410 % 410:410 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 3 22 theme gene 421:424 arg1 similarity 435:444 rRNA gene sequence similarity 416:444 rRNA gene sequence similarity 416:444 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 0 23 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 25:26 Paenibacillus periandrae sp 0:26 Paenibacillus periandrae sp. 0:27 Paenibacillus periandrae sp. 26843192 8 24 theme unidentified 958:969 arg1 lipids 971:976 two unidentified lipids 954:976 two unidentified lipids 954:976 Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified lipids. 26843192 3 25 theme sequence 426:433 arg1 similarity 435:444 rRNA gene sequence similarity 416:444 rRNA gene sequence similarity 416:444 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 4 26 dep Gram-stain-variable 479:497 arg1 sporulating 508:518 sporulating 508:518 sporulating 508:518 The isolate was a Gram-stain-variable, motile, sporulating rod that was catalase-negative and oxidase-positive. 26843192 4 26 dep Gram-stain-variable 479:497 arg1 motile 500:505 motile 500:505 motile 500:505 The isolate was a Gram-stain-variable, motile, sporulating rod that was catalase-negative and oxidase-positive. 26843192 3 27 theme Phylogenetic 188:199 arg1 analyses 201:208 Phylogenetic analyses 188:208 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 188:241 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 11 28 theme periandrae 1268:1277 arg1 sp 1279:1280 the name Paenibacillus periandrae sp 1245:1280 the name Paenibacillus periandrae sp 1245:1280 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain PM10T should be considered representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus periandrae sp. 26843192 6 29 theme organic 701:707 arg1 acids 709:713 organic acids 701:713 organic acids 701:713 Growth was supported by many carbohydrates and organic acids as carbon sources. 26843192 7 30 theme major 801:805 arg1 acid 813:816 the major fatty acid 797:816 the major fatty acid 797:816 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major fatty acid. 26843192 7 30 theme major 801:805 arg1  0 790:791  0 790:791  0 790:791 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major fatty acid. 26843192 9 31 located detected 1008:1015 arg1 peptidoglycan 1024:1036 the peptidoglycan 1020:1036 the peptidoglycan 1020:1036 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. 26843192 9 31 located detected 1008:1015 arg2 acid 999:1002 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 979:1002 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 979:1002 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. 26843192 7 32 dep menaquinone 752:762 arg1 detected 764:771 detected 764:771 detected 764:771 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major fatty acid. 26843192 7 32 dep menaquinone 752:762 arg1 anteiso-C15  777:788 anteiso-C15  777:788 anteiso-C15  777:788 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major fatty acid. 26843192 7 33 theme fatty 807:811 arg1 acid 813:816 the major fatty acid 797:816 the major fatty acid 797:816 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major fatty acid. 26843192 7 33 theme fatty 807:811 arg1  0 790:791  0 790:791  0 790:791 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major fatty acid. 26843192 3 34 with 53270T 350:355 arg1 similarity 435:444 rRNA gene sequence similarity 416:444 rRNA gene sequence similarity 416:444 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 3 34 with 53270T 350:355 arg1 % 410:410 95.6 and 95.9% 397:410 % 410:410 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 3 35 theme rRNA 416:419 arg1 similarity 435:444 rRNA gene sequence similarity 416:444 rRNA gene sequence similarity 416:444 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 2 36 theme mediterranea 164:175 arg1 nodules 143:149 root nodules 138:149 root nodules of Periandra mediterranea in Brazil 138:185 A bacterial strain designated PM10T was isolated from root nodules of Periandra mediterranea in Brazil. 26843192 10 37 theme G+C 1047:1049 arg1 content 1051:1057 The DNA G+C content 1039:1057 The DNA G+C content 1039:1057 The DNA G+C content was 52.9 mol%. 26843192 10 37 theme G+C 1047:1049 arg1 % 1071:1071 52.9 mol% 1063:1071 52.9 mol% 1063:1071 The DNA G+C content was 52.9 mol%. 26843192 3 38 with Paenibacillus 275:287 arg1 relatives 306:314 its closest relatives 294:314 its closest relatives 294:314 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 3 39 theme 95.9 406:409 arg1 % 410:410 95.6 and 95.9% 397:410 % 410:410 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 2 40 theme bacterial 86:94 arg1 strain 96:101 A bacterial strain 84:101 A bacterial strain designated PM10T 84:118 A bacterial strain designated PM10T was isolated from root nodules of Periandra mediterranea in Brazil. 26843192 3 41 theme closest 298:304 arg1 relatives 306:314 its closest relatives 294:314 its closest relatives 294:314 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 2 42 theme Periandra 154:162 arg1 mediterranea 164:175 Periandra mediterranea 154:175 Periandra mediterranea in Brazil 154:185 A bacterial strain designated PM10T was isolated from root nodules of Periandra mediterranea in Brazil. 26843192 10 43 theme DNA 1043:1045 arg1 content 1051:1057 The DNA G+C content 1039:1057 The DNA G+C content 1039:1057 The DNA G+C content was 52.9 mol%. 26843192 10 43 theme DNA 1043:1045 arg1 % 1071:1071 52.9 mol% 1063:1071 52.9 mol% 1063:1071 The DNA G+C content was 52.9 mol%. 26843192 11 44 theme chemotaxonomic 1088:1101 arg1 analyses 1118:1125 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1074:1125 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1074:1125 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain PM10T should be considered representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus periandrae sp. 26843192 2 45 from nodules 143:149 arg1 Brazil 180:185 Brazil 180:185 Brazil 180:185 A bacterial strain designated PM10T was isolated from root nodules of Periandra mediterranea in Brazil. 26843192 11 46 theme genus 1214:1218 arg1 species 1199:1205 a novel species 1191:1205 a novel species 1191:1205 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain PM10T should be considered representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus periandrae sp. 26843192 11 47 theme species 1199:1205 arg1 representative 1173:1186 representative 1173:1186 representative 1173:1186 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain PM10T should be considered representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus periandrae sp. 26843192 6 48 theme many 678:681 arg1 carbohydrates 683:695 many carbohydrates 678:695 many carbohydrates 678:695 Growth was supported by many carbohydrates and organic acids as carbon sources. 26843192 13 49 theme =LMG 1327:1330 arg1 8827T 1344:1348 =LMG 28691T=CECT 8827T 1327:1348 =LMG 28691T=CECT 8827T 1327:1348 The type strain is PM10T (=LMG 28691T=CECT 8827T). 26843192 13 49 theme =LMG 1327:1330 arg1 PM10T 1320:1324 PM10T 1320:1324 PM10T (=LMG 28691T=CECT 8827T) 1320:1349 The type strain is PM10T (=LMG 28691T=CECT 8827T). 26843192 11 50 theme Phylogenetic 1074:1085 arg1 analyses 1118:1125 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1074:1125 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1074:1125 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain PM10T should be considered representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus periandrae sp. 26843192 8 51 theme Major 819:823 arg1 lipids 831:836 Major polar lipids 819:836 Major polar lipids 819:836 Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified lipids. 26843192 9 52 theme meso-Diaminopimelic 979:997 arg1 acid 999:1002 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 979:1002 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 979:1002 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. 26843192 13 53 theme 28691T=CECT 1332:1342 arg1 8827T 1344:1348 =LMG 28691T=CECT 8827T 1327:1348 =LMG 28691T=CECT 8827T 1327:1348 The type strain is PM10T (=LMG 28691T=CECT 8827T). 26843192 13 53 theme 28691T=CECT 1332:1342 arg1 PM10T 1320:1324 PM10T 1320:1324 PM10T (=LMG 28691T=CECT 8827T) 1320:1349 The type strain is PM10T (=LMG 28691T=CECT 8827T). 26843192 2 54 attach isolated 124:131 arg2 strain 96:101 A bacterial strain 84:101 A bacterial strain designated PM10T 84:118 A bacterial strain designated PM10T was isolated from root nodules of Periandra mediterranea in Brazil. 26843192 2 54 attach isolated 124:131 arg1 nodules 143:149 root nodules 138:149 root nodules of Periandra mediterranea in Brazil 138:185 A bacterial strain designated PM10T was isolated from root nodules of Periandra mediterranea in Brazil. 26843192 3 55 theme vulneris 336:343 arg1 Paenibacillus 275:287 Paenibacillus 275:287 Paenibacillus 275:287 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 3 55 theme vulneris 336:343 arg1 53270T 350:355 Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T 322:355 Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T 322:355 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 10 56 theme 52.9 mol 1063:1070 arg1 content 1051:1057 The DNA G+C content 1039:1057 The DNA G+C content 1039:1057 The DNA G+C content was 52.9 mol%. 26843192 10 56 theme 52.9 mol 1063:1070 arg1 % 1071:1071 52.9 mol% 1063:1071 52.9 mol% 1063:1071 The DNA G+C content was 52.9 mol%. 26843192 3 57 theme CCUG 345:348 arg1 Paenibacillus 275:287 Paenibacillus 275:287 Paenibacillus 275:287 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 3 57 theme CCUG 345:348 arg1 53270T 350:355 Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T 322:355 Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T 322:355 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. 26843192 13 58 theme type 1305:1308 arg1 strain 1310:1315 The type strain 1301:1315 The type strain 1301:1315 The type strain is PM10T (=LMG 28691T=CECT 8827T). 26843192 13 58 theme type 1305:1308 arg1 PM10T 1320:1324 PM10T 1320:1324 PM10T (=LMG 28691T=CECT 8827T) 1320:1349 The type strain is PM10T (=LMG 28691T=CECT 8827T). 26843192 11 59 theme Paenibacillus 1220:1232 arg1 genus 1214:1218 the genus Paenibacillus 1210:1232 the genus Paenibacillus 1210:1232 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain PM10T should be considered representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus periandrae sp. 26843192 0 60 theme periandrae 14:23 arg1 sp 25:26 Paenibacillus periandrae sp 0:26 Paenibacillus periandrae sp. 0:27 Paenibacillus periandrae sp. 26552374 2 0 theme strain 97:102 arg1 LDG1-22T 104:111 strain LDG1-22T 97:111 strain LDG1-22T 97:111 A novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, strain LDG1-22T, for which we propose the name Actinoplanes lichenis sp. 26552374 2 0 theme strain 97:102 arg1 species 62:68 A novel species 54:68 A novel species of the genus Actinoplanes 54:94 A novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, strain LDG1-22T, for which we propose the name Actinoplanes lichenis sp. 26552374 12 1 theme rRNA 903:906 arg1 analysis 922:929 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 899:929 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T 899:948 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T showed highest similarity (98.8 %) to Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T and it clustered with Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T and Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T in phylogenetic tree analysis. 26552374 10 2 theme Mycolic 844:850 arg1 acids 852:856 Mycolic acids 844:856 Mycolic acids 844:856 Mycolic acids were absent. 26552374 13 3 theme related 1269:1275 arg1 species 1277:1283 related species 1269:1283 related species of the genus Actinoplanes 1269:1309 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and DNA-DNA relatedness, strain LDG1-22T could be distinguished from related species of the genus Actinoplanes and so represents a novel species of this genus. 26552374 13 4 theme strain 1225:1230 arg1 LDG1-22T 1232:1239 strain LDG1-22T 1225:1239 strain LDG1-22T 1225:1239 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and DNA-DNA relatedness, strain LDG1-22T could be distinguished from related species of the genus Actinoplanes and so represents a novel species of this genus. 26552374 12 5 theme friuliensis 1001:1011 arg1 45797T 1017:1022 Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T 988:1022 Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T 988:1022 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T showed highest similarity (98.8 %) to Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T and it clustered with Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T and Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T in phylogenetic tree analysis. 26552374 3 6 attach isolated 180:187 arg2 nov. 170:173 nov. 170:173 nov. 170:173 nov., was isolated from a lichen sample collected from tree bark in Thailand. 26552374 3 6 attach isolated 180:187 arg1 sample 203:208 a lichen sample 194:208 a lichen sample collected from tree bark in Thailand 194:245 nov., was isolated from a lichen sample collected from tree bark in Thailand. 26552374 2 7 theme Actinoplanes 83:94 arg1 LDG1-22T 104:111 strain LDG1-22T 97:111 strain LDG1-22T 97:111 A novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, strain LDG1-22T, for which we propose the name Actinoplanes lichenis sp. 26552374 2 7 theme Actinoplanes 83:94 arg1 species 62:68 A novel species 54:68 A novel species of the genus Actinoplanes 54:94 A novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, strain LDG1-22T, for which we propose the name Actinoplanes lichenis sp. 26552374 5 8 theme agar 385:388 arg1 media 390:394 agar media 385:394 agar media 385:394 Strain LDG1-22T produced irregular sporangia on agar media. 26552374 3 9 from bark 230:233 arg1 Thailand 238:245 Thailand 238:245 Thailand 238:245 nov., was isolated from a lichen sample collected from tree bark in Thailand. 26552374 12 10 theme JCM 1112:1114 arg1 3121T 1116:1120 Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T 1085:1120 Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T 1085:1120 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T showed highest similarity (98.8 %) to Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T and it clustered with Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T and Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T in phylogenetic tree analysis. 26552374 7 11 theme phosphatidylinositol 597:616 arg1 mannosides 618:627 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 597:627 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 597:627 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4); the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and phosphatidylglycerol. 26552374 14 12 theme Actinoplanes 1379:1390 arg1 sp 1401:1402 Actinoplanes lichenis sp 1379:1402 Actinoplanes lichenis sp 1379:1402 The type strain of Actinoplanes lichenis sp. 26552374 12 13 theme phylogenetic 1125:1136 arg1 analysis 1143:1150 phylogenetic tree analysis 1125:1150 phylogenetic tree analysis 1125:1150 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T showed highest similarity (98.8 %) to Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T and it clustered with Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T and Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T in phylogenetic tree analysis. 26552374 12 14 theme Actinoplanes 988:999 arg1 45797T 1017:1022 Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T 988:1022 Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T 988:1022 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T showed highest similarity (98.8 %) to Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T and it clustered with Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T and Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T in phylogenetic tree analysis. 26552374 13 15 theme Actinoplanes 1298:1309 arg1 species 1277:1283 related species 1269:1283 related species of the genus Actinoplanes 1269:1309 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and DNA-DNA relatedness, strain LDG1-22T could be distinguished from related species of the genus Actinoplanes and so represents a novel species of this genus. 26552374 14 16 theme sp 1401:1402 arg1 strain 1369:1374 The type strain 1360:1374 The type strain of Actinoplanes lichenis sp 1360:1402 The type strain of Actinoplanes lichenis sp. 26552374 12 17 theme nipponensis 1059:1069 arg1 3264T 1075:1079 Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T 1046:1079 Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T 1046:1079 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T showed highest similarity (98.8 %) to Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T and it clustered with Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T and Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T in phylogenetic tree analysis. 26552374 11 18 theme G+C 875:877 arg1 content 879:885 The G+C content 871:885 The G+C content 871:885 The G+C content was 73.6 %. 26552374 11 18 theme G+C 875:877 arg1 % 896:896 73.6 % 891:896 73.6 % 891:896 The G+C content was 73.6 %. 26552374 4 19 theme taxonomic 252:260 arg1 position 262:269 The taxonomic position 248:269 The taxonomic position of the species 248:284 The taxonomic position of the species has been described based on a polyphasic approach. 26552374 13 20 theme novel 1331:1335 arg1 species 1337:1343 a novel species 1329:1343 a novel species of this genus 1329:1357 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and DNA-DNA relatedness, strain LDG1-22T could be distinguished from related species of the genus Actinoplanes and so represents a novel species of this genus. 26552374 0 21 theme lichenis 13:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Actinoplanes lichenis sp 0:23 Actinoplanes lichenis sp. 0:24 Actinoplanes lichenis sp. 26552374 12 22 theme highest 957:963 arg1 similarity 965:974 highest similarity 957:974 highest similarity (98.8 %) to Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T 957:1022 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T showed highest similarity (98.8 %) to Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T and it clustered with Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T and Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T in phylogenetic tree analysis. 26552374 12 22 theme highest 957:963 arg1 % 982:982 98.8 % 977:982 98.8 % 977:982 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T showed highest similarity (98.8 %) to Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T and it clustered with Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T and Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T in phylogenetic tree analysis. 26552374 12 23 theme DSM 1013:1015 arg1 45797T 1017:1022 Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T 988:1022 Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T 988:1022 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T showed highest similarity (98.8 %) to Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T and it clustered with Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T and Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T in phylogenetic tree analysis. 26552374 6 24 contain contained 400:408 arg1 It 397:398 It 397:398 It 397:398 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26552374 6 24 contain contained 400:408 arg2 acid 430:433 meso-diaminopimelic acid 410:433 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 410:464 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26552374 13 25 theme DNA-DNA 1204:1210 arg1 relatedness 1212:1222 DNA-DNA relatedness 1204:1222 DNA-DNA relatedness 1204:1222 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and DNA-DNA relatedness, strain LDG1-22T could be distinguished from related species of the genus Actinoplanes and so represents a novel species of this genus. 26552374 0 26 theme Actinoplanes 0:11 arg1 sp 22:23 Actinoplanes lichenis sp 0:23 Actinoplanes lichenis sp. 0:24 Actinoplanes lichenis sp. 26552374 2 27 theme novel 56:60 arg1 LDG1-22T 104:111 strain LDG1-22T 97:111 strain LDG1-22T 97:111 A novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, strain LDG1-22T, for which we propose the name Actinoplanes lichenis sp. 26552374 2 27 theme novel 56:60 arg1 species 62:68 A novel species 54:68 A novel species of the genus Actinoplanes 54:94 A novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, strain LDG1-22T, for which we propose the name Actinoplanes lichenis sp. 26552374 3 28 theme lichen 196:201 arg1 sample 203:208 a lichen sample 194:208 a lichen sample collected from tree bark in Thailand 194:245 nov., was isolated from a lichen sample collected from tree bark in Thailand. 26552374 12 29 theme missouriensis 1098:1110 arg1 3121T 1116:1120 Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T 1085:1120 Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T 1085:1120 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T showed highest similarity (98.8 %) to Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T and it clustered with Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T and Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T in phylogenetic tree analysis. 26552374 8 30 theme small 718:722 arg1 ribose 689:694 ribose 689:694 ribose 689:694 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 8 30 theme small 718:722 arg1 xylose 749:754 xylose 749:754 xylose 749:754 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 8 30 theme small 718:722 arg1 arabinose 735:743 arabinose 735:743 arabinose 735:743 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 8 30 theme small 718:722 arg1 amounts 724:730 small amounts 718:730 small amounts of arabinose and xylose 718:754 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 4 31 theme polyphasic 316:325 arg1 approach 327:334 a polyphasic approach 314:334 a polyphasic approach 314:334 The taxonomic position of the species has been described based on a polyphasic approach. 26552374 12 32 theme Actinoplanes 1085:1096 arg1 3121T 1116:1120 Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T 1085:1120 Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T 1085:1120 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T showed highest similarity (98.8 %) to Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T and it clustered with Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T and Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T in phylogenetic tree analysis. 26552374 8 33 theme arabinose 735:743 arg1 mannose 706:712 mannose 706:712 mannose 706:712 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 8 33 theme arabinose 735:743 arg1 xylose 749:754 xylose 749:754 xylose 749:754 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 8 33 theme arabinose 735:743 arg1 ribose 689:694 ribose 689:694 ribose 689:694 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 8 33 theme arabinose 735:743 arg1 amounts 724:730 small amounts 718:730 small amounts of arabinose and xylose 718:754 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 8 33 theme arabinose 735:743 arg1 arabinose 735:743 arabinose 735:743 arabinose 735:743 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 8 33 theme arabinose 735:743 arg1 glucose 697:703 glucose 697:703 glucose 697:703 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 2 34 theme Actinoplanes 144:155 arg1 sp 166:167 the name Actinoplanes lichenis sp 135:167 the name Actinoplanes lichenis sp 135:167 A novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, strain LDG1-22T, for which we propose the name Actinoplanes lichenis sp. 26552374 7 35 theme polar 507:511 arg1 lipids 513:518 the polar lipids 503:518 the polar lipids 503:518 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4); the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and phosphatidylglycerol. 26552374 7 35 theme polar 507:511 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 525:546 diphosphatidylglycerol 525:546 diphosphatidylglycerol 525:546 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4); the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and phosphatidylglycerol. 26552374 14 36 theme type 1364:1367 arg1 strain 1369:1374 The type strain 1360:1374 The type strain of Actinoplanes lichenis sp 1360:1402 The type strain of Actinoplanes lichenis sp. 26552374 12 37 theme Actinoplanes 1046:1057 arg1 3264T 1075:1079 Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T 1046:1079 Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T 1046:1079 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T showed highest similarity (98.8 %) to Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T and it clustered with Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T and Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T in phylogenetic tree analysis. 26552374 13 38 dep characteristics 1184:1198 arg1 the 1156:1158 the 1156:1158 the 1156:1158 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and DNA-DNA relatedness, strain LDG1-22T could be distinguished from related species of the genus Actinoplanes and so represents a novel species of this genus. 26552374 13 38 dep characteristics 1184:1198 arg1 basis 1160:1164 basis 1160:1164 basis 1160:1164 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and DNA-DNA relatedness, strain LDG1-22T could be distinguished from related species of the genus Actinoplanes and so represents a novel species of this genus. 26552374 2 39 theme name 139:142 arg1 sp 166:167 the name Actinoplanes lichenis sp 135:167 the name Actinoplanes lichenis sp 135:167 A novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, strain LDG1-22T, for which we propose the name Actinoplanes lichenis sp. 26552374 9 40 theme major 761:765 arg1 acids 782:786 The major cellular fatty acids 757:786 The major cellular fatty acids 757:786 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (31.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (14.2 %). 26552374 8 41 contain contained 679:687 arg2 amounts 724:730 small amounts 718:730 small amounts of arabinose and xylose 718:754 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 8 41 contain contained 679:687 arg2 ribose 689:694 ribose 689:694 ribose 689:694 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 8 41 contain contained 679:687 arg1 hydrolysates 666:677 Whole-cell hydrolysates 655:677 Whole-cell hydrolysates 655:677 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 8 41 contain contained 679:687 arg2 arabinose 735:743 arabinose 735:743 arabinose 735:743 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 8 41 contain contained 679:687 arg2 glucose 697:703 glucose 697:703 glucose 697:703 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 8 41 contain contained 679:687 arg2 xylose 749:754 xylose 749:754 xylose 749:754 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 8 41 contain contained 679:687 arg2 mannose 706:712 mannose 706:712 mannose 706:712 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 2 42 theme genus 77:81 arg1 Actinoplanes 83:94 the genus Actinoplanes 73:94 the genus Actinoplanes 73:94 A novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, strain LDG1-22T, for which we propose the name Actinoplanes lichenis sp. 26552374 6 43 theme cell-wall 442:450 arg1 peptidoglycan 452:464 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 438:464 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 438:464 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26552374 9 44 theme cellular 767:774 arg1 acids 782:786 The major cellular fatty acids 757:786 The major cellular fatty acids 757:786 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (31.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (14.2 %). 26552374 12 45 theme JCM 1071:1073 arg1 3264T 1075:1079 Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T 1046:1079 Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T 1046:1079 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T showed highest similarity (98.8 %) to Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T and it clustered with Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T and Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T in phylogenetic tree analysis. 26552374 6 46 from acid 430:433 arg1 peptidoglycan 452:464 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 438:464 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 438:464 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26552374 9 47 theme fatty 776:780 arg1 acids 782:786 The major cellular fatty acids 757:786 The major cellular fatty acids 757:786 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (31.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (14.2 %). 26552374 12 48 theme sequence 913:920 arg1 analysis 922:929 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 899:929 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T 899:948 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T showed highest similarity (98.8 %) to Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T and it clustered with Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T and Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T in phylogenetic tree analysis. 26552374 3 49 theme tree 225:228 arg1 bark 230:233 tree bark 225:233 tree bark in Thailand 225:245 nov., was isolated from a lichen sample collected from tree bark in Thailand. 26552374 8 50 theme xylose 749:754 arg1 mannose 706:712 mannose 706:712 mannose 706:712 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 8 50 theme xylose 749:754 arg1 xylose 749:754 xylose 749:754 xylose 749:754 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 8 50 theme xylose 749:754 arg1 ribose 689:694 ribose 689:694 ribose 689:694 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 8 50 theme xylose 749:754 arg1 amounts 724:730 small amounts 718:730 small amounts of arabinose and xylose 718:754 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 8 50 theme xylose 749:754 arg1 arabinose 735:743 arabinose 735:743 arabinose 735:743 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 8 50 theme xylose 749:754 arg1 glucose 697:703 glucose 697:703 glucose 697:703 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 12 51 theme LDG1-22T 941:948 arg1 analysis 922:929 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 899:929 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T 899:948 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T showed highest similarity (98.8 %) to Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T and it clustered with Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T and Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T in phylogenetic tree analysis. 26552374 12 52 theme strain 934:939 arg1 LDG1-22T 941:948 strain LDG1-22T 934:948 strain LDG1-22T 934:948 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T showed highest similarity (98.8 %) to Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T and it clustered with Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T and Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T in phylogenetic tree analysis. 26552374 13 53 theme genus 1353:1357 arg1 species 1337:1343 a novel species 1329:1343 a novel species of this genus 1329:1357 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and DNA-DNA relatedness, strain LDG1-22T could be distinguished from related species of the genus Actinoplanes and so represents a novel species of this genus. 26552374 12 54 theme gene 908:911 arg1 analysis 922:929 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 899:929 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T 899:948 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T showed highest similarity (98.8 %) to Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T and it clustered with Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T and Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T in phylogenetic tree analysis. 26552374 13 55 theme genus 1292:1296 arg1 Actinoplanes 1298:1309 the genus Actinoplanes 1288:1309 the genus Actinoplanes 1288:1309 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and DNA-DNA relatedness, strain LDG1-22T could be distinguished from related species of the genus Actinoplanes and so represents a novel species of this genus. 26552374 6 56 theme meso-diaminopimelic 410:428 arg1 acid 430:433 meso-diaminopimelic acid 410:433 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 410:464 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26552374 8 57 theme Whole-cell 655:664 arg1 hydrolysates 666:677 Whole-cell hydrolysates 655:677 Whole-cell hydrolysates 655:677 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, glucose, mannose and small amounts of arabinose and xylose. 26552374 12 58 theme 16S 899:901 arg1 analysis 922:929 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 899:929 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T 899:948 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T showed highest similarity (98.8 %) to Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T and it clustered with Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T and Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T in phylogenetic tree analysis. 26552374 5 59 theme Strain 337:342 arg1 LDG1-22T 344:351 Strain LDG1-22T 337:351 Strain LDG1-22T 337:351 Strain LDG1-22T produced irregular sporangia on agar media. 26552374 2 60 theme lichenis 157:164 arg1 sp 166:167 the name Actinoplanes lichenis sp 135:167 the name Actinoplanes lichenis sp 135:167 A novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, strain LDG1-22T, for which we propose the name Actinoplanes lichenis sp. 26552374 7 61 theme major 471:475 arg1 MK-9 493:496 MK-9 493:496 MK-9(H4) 493:500 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4); the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and phosphatidylglycerol. 26552374 7 61 theme major 471:475 arg1 menaquinone 477:487 The major menaquinone 467:487 The major menaquinone 467:487 The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4); the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and phosphatidylglycerol. 26552374 14 62 theme lichenis 1392:1399 arg1 sp 1401:1402 Actinoplanes lichenis sp 1379:1402 Actinoplanes lichenis sp 1379:1402 The type strain of Actinoplanes lichenis sp. 26552374 15 63 theme  = JCM 1423:1428 arg1 LDG1-22T 1413:1420 LDG1-22T 1413:1420 LDG1-22T ( = JCM 30485T = TISTR 2343T = PCU 344T) 1413:1461 nov. is LDG1-22T ( = JCM 30485T = TISTR 2343T = PCU 344T). 26552374 15 63 theme  = JCM 1423:1428 arg1 344T 1457:1460  = JCM 30485T = TISTR 2343T = PCU 344T 1423:1460  = JCM 30485T = TISTR 2343T = PCU 344T 1423:1460 nov. is LDG1-22T ( = JCM 30485T = TISTR 2343T = PCU 344T). 26552374 12 64 theme tree 1138:1141 arg1 analysis 1143:1150 phylogenetic tree analysis 1125:1150 phylogenetic tree analysis 1125:1150 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LDG1-22T showed highest similarity (98.8 %) to Actinoplanes friuliensis DSM 45797T and it clustered with Actinoplanes nipponensis JCM 3264T and Actinoplanes missouriensis JCM 3121T in phylogenetic tree analysis. 26552374 13 65 theme phenotypic 1173:1182 arg1 characteristics 1184:1198 the phenotypic characteristics 1169:1198 the phenotypic characteristics 1169:1198 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and DNA-DNA relatedness, strain LDG1-22T could be distinguished from related species of the genus Actinoplanes and so represents a novel species of this genus. 26552374 4 66 theme species 278:284 arg1 position 262:269 The taxonomic position 248:269 The taxonomic position of the species 248:284 The taxonomic position of the species has been described based on a polyphasic approach. 26552374 15 67 theme 2343T = PCU 1445:1455 arg1 LDG1-22T 1413:1420 LDG1-22T 1413:1420 LDG1-22T ( = JCM 30485T = TISTR 2343T = PCU 344T) 1413:1461 nov. is LDG1-22T ( = JCM 30485T = TISTR 2343T = PCU 344T). 26552374 15 67 theme 2343T = PCU 1445:1455 arg1 344T 1457:1460  = JCM 30485T = TISTR 2343T = PCU 344T 1423:1460  = JCM 30485T = TISTR 2343T = PCU 344T 1423:1460 nov. is LDG1-22T ( = JCM 30485T = TISTR 2343T = PCU 344T). 26552374 5 68 theme irregular 362:370 arg1 sporangia 372:380 irregular sporangia 362:380 irregular sporangia 362:380 Strain LDG1-22T produced irregular sporangia on agar media. 26552374 15 69 theme 30485T = TISTR 1430:1443 arg1 LDG1-22T 1413:1420 LDG1-22T 1413:1420 LDG1-22T ( = JCM 30485T = TISTR 2343T = PCU 344T) 1413:1461 nov. is LDG1-22T ( = JCM 30485T = TISTR 2343T = PCU 344T). 26552374 15 69 theme 30485T = TISTR 1430:1443 arg1 344T 1457:1460  = JCM 30485T = TISTR 2343T = PCU 344T 1423:1460  = JCM 30485T = TISTR 2343T = PCU 344T 1423:1460 nov. is LDG1-22T ( = JCM 30485T = TISTR 2343T = PCU 344T). 26023206 9 0 theme CAU 1149:1151 arg1 1183 1153:1156 strain CAU 1183 1142:1156 strain CAU 1183(T) 1142:1159 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain CAU 1183(T) should be assigned to a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus arenosus sp. 26023206 9 0 theme CAU 1149:1151 arg1 T 1158:1158 T 1158:1158 T 1158:1158 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain CAU 1183(T) should be assigned to a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus arenosus sp. 26023206 4 1 theme CAU 611:613 arg1 % 628:628 97.6% 624:628 97.6% 624:628 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1183(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Oceanobacillus and exhibited the highest similarity to Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051(T) (97.6%). 26023206 4 1 theme CAU 611:613 arg1 T 620:620 T 620:620 T 620:620 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1183(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Oceanobacillus and exhibited the highest similarity to Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051(T) (97.6%). 26023206 4 1 theme CAU 611:613 arg1 1051 615:618 Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051 582:618 Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051(T) (97.6%) 582:629 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1183(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Oceanobacillus and exhibited the highest similarity to Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051(T) (97.6%). 26023206 9 2 dep data 1136:1139 arg1 the 1079:1081 the 1079:1081 the 1079:1081 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain CAU 1183(T) should be assigned to a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus arenosus sp. 26023206 9 2 dep data 1136:1139 arg1 basis 1083:1087 basis 1083:1087 basis 1083:1087 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain CAU 1183(T) should be assigned to a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus arenosus sp. 26023206 8 3 theme G+C 1030:1032 arg1 % 1073:1073 37.5 mol% 1065:1073 37.5 mol% 1065:1073 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.5 mol%. 26023206 8 3 theme G+C 1030:1032 arg1 content 1034:1040 The G+C content 1026:1040 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1026:1059 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.5 mol%. 26023206 4 4 theme 16S 429:431 arg1 sequences 443:451 16S rRNA gene sequences 429:451 16S rRNA gene sequences 429:451 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1183(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Oceanobacillus and exhibited the highest similarity to Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051(T) (97.6%). 26023206 7 5 theme CAU 849:851 arg1 T 858:858 T 858:858 T 858:858 The polar lipid pattern of strain CAU 1183(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified lipids, including two phospholipids, two glycolipids, a phosphoglycolipid and two lipids. 26023206 7 5 theme CAU 849:851 arg1 1183 853:856 strain CAU 1183 842:856 strain CAU 1183(T) 842:859 The polar lipid pattern of strain CAU 1183(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified lipids, including two phospholipids, two glycolipids, a phosphoglycolipid and two lipids. 26023206 9 6 theme name 1242:1245 arg1 sp 1271:1272 the name Oceanobacillus arenosus sp 1238:1272 the name Oceanobacillus arenosus sp 1238:1272 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain CAU 1183(T) should be assigned to a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus arenosus sp. 26023206 2 7 theme marine 223:228 arg1 sand 230:233 marine sand 223:233 marine sand 223:233 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated CAU 1183(T), was isolated from marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 26023206 9 8 from species 1191:1197 arg1 Oceanobacillus 1212:1225 the genus Oceanobacillus 1202:1225 the genus Oceanobacillus 1202:1225 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain CAU 1183(T) should be assigned to a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus arenosus sp. 26023206 7 9 theme 1183 853:856 arg1 pattern 831:837 The polar lipid pattern 815:837 The polar lipid pattern of strain CAU 1183(T) 815:859 The polar lipid pattern of strain CAU 1183(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified lipids, including two phospholipids, two glycolipids, a phosphoglycolipid and two lipids. 26023206 1 10 theme halophilic 47:56 arg1 bacterium 58:66 a moderately halophilic bacterium 34:66 a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from marine sand 34:92 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from marine sand. 26023206 9 11 theme Oceanobacillus 1247:1260 arg1 sp 1271:1272 the name Oceanobacillus arenosus sp 1238:1272 the name Oceanobacillus arenosus sp 1238:1272 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain CAU 1183(T) should be assigned to a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus arenosus sp. 26023206 11 12 theme = 1342:1342 arg1 T 1354:1354  = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T) 1325:1355  = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T) 1325:1355 The type strain is CAU 1183(T) ( = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T)). 26023206 11 12 theme = 1342:1342 arg1 1183 1316:1319 CAU 1183 1312:1319 CAU 1183(T) ( = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T)) 1312:1356 The type strain is CAU 1183(T) ( = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T)). 26023206 2 13 theme taxonomic 243:251 arg1 position 253:260 its taxonomic position 239:260 its taxonomic position 239:260 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated CAU 1183(T), was isolated from marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 26023206 3 14 theme NaCl 392:395 arg1 presence 371:378 the presence 367:378 the presence of 2% (w/v) NaCl 367:395 The bacterium grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 8.5 and in the presence of 2% (w/v) NaCl. 26023206 8 15 theme DNA 1057:1059 arg1 % 1073:1073 37.5 mol% 1065:1073 37.5 mol% 1065:1073 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.5 mol%. 26023206 8 15 theme DNA 1057:1059 arg1 content 1034:1040 The G+C content 1026:1040 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1026:1059 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.5 mol%. 26023206 6 16 theme cell-wall 755:763 arg1 peptidoglycan 765:777 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 751:777 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 751:777 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26023206 7 17 theme strain 842:847 arg1 T 858:858 T 858:858 T 858:858 The polar lipid pattern of strain CAU 1183(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified lipids, including two phospholipids, two glycolipids, a phosphoglycolipid and two lipids. 26023206 7 17 theme strain 842:847 arg1 1183 853:856 strain CAU 1183 842:856 strain CAU 1183(T) 842:859 The polar lipid pattern of strain CAU 1183(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified lipids, including two phospholipids, two glycolipids, a phosphoglycolipid and two lipids. 26023206 4 18 dep Oceanobacillus 582:595 arg1 chungangensis 597:609 chungangensis 597:609 chungangensis 597:609 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1183(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Oceanobacillus and exhibited the highest similarity to Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051(T) (97.6%). 26023206 5 19 theme major 724:728 arg1 quinone 688:694 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 661:694 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 661:694 The strain contained MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major cellular fatty acid. 26023206 5 19 theme major 724:728 arg1 0 714:714 0 714:714 0 714:714 The strain contained MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major cellular fatty acid. 26023206 5 19 theme major 724:728 arg1 acid 745:748 the major cellular fatty acid 720:748 the major cellular fatty acid 720:748 The strain contained MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major cellular fatty acid. 26023206 5 20 theme predominant 665:675 arg1 quinone 688:694 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 661:694 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 661:694 The strain contained MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major cellular fatty acid. 26023206 5 20 theme predominant 665:675 arg1 0 714:714 0 714:714 0 714:714 The strain contained MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major cellular fatty acid. 26023206 5 20 theme predominant 665:675 arg1 acid 745:748 the major cellular fatty acid 720:748 the major cellular fatty acid 720:748 The strain contained MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major cellular fatty acid. 26023206 4 21 theme Phylogenetic 398:409 arg1 analysis 411:418 Phylogenetic analysis 398:418 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 398:451 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1183(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Oceanobacillus and exhibited the highest similarity to Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051(T) (97.6%). 26023206 7 22 theme lipid 825:829 arg1 pattern 831:837 The polar lipid pattern 815:837 The polar lipid pattern of strain CAU 1183(T) 815:859 The polar lipid pattern of strain CAU 1183(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified lipids, including two phospholipids, two glycolipids, a phosphoglycolipid and two lipids. 26023206 5 23 theme cellular 730:737 arg1 quinone 688:694 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 661:694 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 661:694 The strain contained MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major cellular fatty acid. 26023206 5 23 theme cellular 730:737 arg1 0 714:714 0 714:714 0 714:714 The strain contained MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major cellular fatty acid. 26023206 5 23 theme cellular 730:737 arg1 acid 745:748 the major cellular fatty acid 720:748 the major cellular fatty acid 720:748 The strain contained MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major cellular fatty acid. 26023206 0 24 theme arenosus 15:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Oceanobacillus arenosus sp 0:25 Oceanobacillus arenosus sp. 0:26 Oceanobacillus arenosus sp. 26023206 4 25 theme CAU 472:474 arg1 T 481:481 T 481:481 T 481:481 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1183(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Oceanobacillus and exhibited the highest similarity to Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051(T) (97.6%). 26023206 4 25 theme CAU 472:474 arg1 1183 476:479 strain CAU 1183 465:479 strain CAU 1183(T) 465:482 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1183(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Oceanobacillus and exhibited the highest similarity to Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051(T) (97.6%). 26023206 11 26 theme CECT 1344:1347 arg1 T 1354:1354  = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T) 1325:1355  = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T) 1325:1355 The type strain is CAU 1183(T) ( = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T)). 26023206 11 26 theme CECT 1344:1347 arg1 1183 1316:1319 CAU 1183 1312:1319 CAU 1183(T) ( = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T)) 1312:1356 The type strain is CAU 1183(T) ( = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T)). 26023206 1 27 theme marine 82:87 arg1 sand 89:92 marine sand 82:92 marine sand 82:92 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from marine sand. 26023206 5 28 theme fatty 739:743 arg1 quinone 688:694 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 661:694 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 661:694 The strain contained MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major cellular fatty acid. 26023206 5 28 theme fatty 739:743 arg1 0 714:714 0 714:714 0 714:714 The strain contained MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major cellular fatty acid. 26023206 5 28 theme fatty 739:743 arg1 acid 745:748 the major cellular fatty acid 720:748 the major cellular fatty acid 720:748 The strain contained MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major cellular fatty acid. 26023206 0 29 theme Oceanobacillus 0:13 arg1 sp 24:25 Oceanobacillus arenosus sp 0:25 Oceanobacillus arenosus sp. 0:26 Oceanobacillus arenosus sp. 26023206 4 30 theme strain 465:470 arg1 T 481:481 T 481:481 T 481:481 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1183(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Oceanobacillus and exhibited the highest similarity to Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051(T) (97.6%). 26023206 4 30 theme strain 465:470 arg1 1183 476:479 strain CAU 1183 465:479 strain CAU 1183(T) 465:482 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1183(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Oceanobacillus and exhibited the highest similarity to Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051(T) (97.6%). 26023206 4 31 theme highest 560:566 arg1 similarity 568:577 the highest similarity 556:577 the highest similarity to Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051(T) (97.6%) 556:629 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1183(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Oceanobacillus and exhibited the highest similarity to Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051(T) (97.6%). 26023206 8 32 theme genomic 1049:1055 arg1 DNA 1057:1059 the genomic DNA 1045:1059 the genomic DNA 1045:1059 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.5 mol%. 26023206 7 33 theme polar 819:823 arg1 pattern 831:837 The polar lipid pattern 815:837 The polar lipid pattern of strain CAU 1183(T) 815:859 The polar lipid pattern of strain CAU 1183(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified lipids, including two phospholipids, two glycolipids, a phosphoglycolipid and two lipids. 26023206 11 34 theme type 1297:1300 arg1 strain 1302:1307 The type strain 1293:1307 The type strain 1293:1307 The type strain is CAU 1183(T) ( = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T)). 26023206 11 34 theme type 1297:1300 arg1 1183 1316:1319 CAU 1183 1312:1319 CAU 1183(T) ( = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T)) 1312:1356 The type strain is CAU 1183(T) ( = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T)). 26023206 4 35 theme genus 521:525 arg1 Oceanobacillus 527:540 the genus Oceanobacillus 517:540 the genus Oceanobacillus 517:540 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1183(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Oceanobacillus and exhibited the highest similarity to Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051(T) (97.6%). 26023206 8 36 theme mol 1070:1072 arg1 content 1034:1040 The G+C content 1026:1040 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1026:1059 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.5 mol%. 26023206 8 36 theme mol 1070:1072 arg1 % 1073:1073 37.5 mol% 1065:1073 37.5 mol% 1065:1073 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.5 mol%. 26023206 9 37 theme arenosus 1262:1269 arg1 sp 1271:1272 the name Oceanobacillus arenosus sp 1238:1272 the name Oceanobacillus arenosus sp 1238:1272 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain CAU 1183(T) should be assigned to a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus arenosus sp. 26023206 1 38 attach isolated 68:75 arg1 sand 89:92 marine sand 82:92 marine sand 82:92 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from marine sand. 26023206 1 38 attach isolated 68:75 arg2 bacterium 58:66 a moderately halophilic bacterium 34:66 a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from marine sand 34:92 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from marine sand. 26023206 9 39 theme phenotypic 1092:1101 arg1 data 1136:1139 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1092:1139 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1092:1139 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain CAU 1183(T) should be assigned to a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus arenosus sp. 26023206 3 40 theme 2 383:383 arg1 % 384:384 % 384:384 % 384:384 The bacterium grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 8.5 and in the presence of 2% (w/v) NaCl. 26023206 6 41 contain contained 779:787 arg1 peptidoglycan 765:777 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 751:777 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 751:777 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26023206 6 41 contain contained 779:787 arg2 acid 809:812 meso-diaminopimelic acid 789:812 meso-diaminopimelic acid 789:812 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26023206 4 42 theme gene 438:441 arg1 sequences 443:451 16S rRNA gene sequences 429:451 16S rRNA gene sequences 429:451 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1183(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Oceanobacillus and exhibited the highest similarity to Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051(T) (97.6%). 26023206 3 43 theme % 384:384 arg1 NaCl 392:395 2% (w/v) NaCl 383:395 2% (w/v) NaCl 383:395 The bacterium grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 8.5 and in the presence of 2% (w/v) NaCl. 26023206 2 44 dep Gram-stain-positive 97:115 arg1 spore-forming 118:130 spore-forming 118:130 spore-forming 118:130 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated CAU 1183(T), was isolated from marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 26023206 2 44 dep Gram-stain-positive 97:115 arg1 motile 145:150 motile 145:150 motile 145:150 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated CAU 1183(T), was isolated from marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 26023206 2 44 dep Gram-stain-positive 97:115 arg1 aerobic 162:168 aerobic 162:168 aerobic 162:168 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated CAU 1183(T), was isolated from marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 26023206 2 44 dep Gram-stain-positive 97:115 arg1 rod-shaped 133:142 rod-shaped 133:142 rod-shaped 133:142 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated CAU 1183(T), was isolated from marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 26023206 9 45 theme chemotaxonomic 1104:1117 arg1 data 1136:1139 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1092:1139 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1092:1139 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain CAU 1183(T) should be assigned to a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus arenosus sp. 26023206 2 46 theme Gram-stain-positive 97:115 arg1 bacterium 170:178 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium 95:178 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium 95:178 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated CAU 1183(T), was isolated from marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 26023206 9 47 theme strain 1142:1147 arg1 1183 1153:1156 strain CAU 1183 1142:1156 strain CAU 1183(T) 1142:1159 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain CAU 1183(T) should be assigned to a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus arenosus sp. 26023206 9 47 theme strain 1142:1147 arg1 T 1158:1158 T 1158:1158 T 1158:1158 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain CAU 1183(T) should be assigned to a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus arenosus sp. 26023206 6 48 theme meso-diaminopimelic 789:807 arg1 acid 809:812 meso-diaminopimelic acid 789:812 meso-diaminopimelic acid 789:812 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26023206 11 49 theme 8560 1349:1352 arg1 T 1354:1354  = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T) 1325:1355  = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T) 1325:1355 The type strain is CAU 1183(T) ( = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T)). 26023206 11 49 theme 8560 1349:1352 arg1 1183 1316:1319 CAU 1183 1312:1319 CAU 1183(T) ( = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T)) 1312:1356 The type strain is CAU 1183(T) ( = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T)). 26023206 11 50 theme CAU 1312:1314 arg1 T 1354:1354  = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T) 1325:1355  = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T) 1325:1355 The type strain is CAU 1183(T) ( = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T)). 26023206 11 50 theme CAU 1312:1314 arg1 T 1321:1321 T 1321:1321 T 1321:1321 The type strain is CAU 1183(T) ( = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T)). 26023206 11 50 theme CAU 1312:1314 arg1 strain 1302:1307 The type strain 1293:1307 The type strain 1293:1307 The type strain is CAU 1183(T) ( = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T)). 26023206 11 50 theme CAU 1312:1314 arg1 1183 1316:1319 CAU 1183 1312:1319 CAU 1183(T) ( = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T)) 1312:1356 The type strain is CAU 1183(T) ( = KCTC 33037(T) = CECT 8560(T)). 26023206 9 51 theme genus 1206:1210 arg1 Oceanobacillus 1212:1225 the genus Oceanobacillus 1202:1225 the genus Oceanobacillus 1202:1225 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain CAU 1183(T) should be assigned to a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus arenosus sp. 26023206 9 52 theme phylogenetic 1123:1134 arg1 data 1136:1139 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1092:1139 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1092:1139 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain CAU 1183(T) should be assigned to a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus arenosus sp. 26023206 9 53 theme novel 1185:1189 arg1 species 1191:1197 a novel species 1183:1197 a novel species 1183:1197 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain CAU 1183(T) should be assigned to a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus arenosus sp. 26023206 2 54 theme polyphasic 290:299 arg1 approach 301:308 a polyphasic approach 288:308 a polyphasic approach 288:308 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated CAU 1183(T), was isolated from marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 26023206 4 55 theme distinct 493:500 arg1 lineage 502:508 a distinct lineage 491:508 a distinct lineage 491:508 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1183(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Oceanobacillus and exhibited the highest similarity to Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051(T) (97.6%). 26023206 7 56 theme unidentified 923:934 arg1 lipids 936:941 unidentified lipids 923:941 unidentified lipids 923:941 The polar lipid pattern of strain CAU 1183(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified lipids, including two phospholipids, two glycolipids, a phosphoglycolipid and two lipids. 26023206 7 56 theme unidentified 923:934 arg1 phospholipids 958:970 two phospholipids 954:970 two phospholipids 954:970 The polar lipid pattern of strain CAU 1183(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified lipids, including two phospholipids, two glycolipids, a phosphoglycolipid and two lipids. 26023206 7 56 theme unidentified 923:934 arg1 glycolipids 977:987 two glycolipids 973:987 two glycolipids 973:987 The polar lipid pattern of strain CAU 1183(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified lipids, including two phospholipids, two glycolipids, a phosphoglycolipid and two lipids. 26023206 7 56 theme unidentified 923:934 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 992:1008 a phosphoglycolipid 990:1008 a phosphoglycolipid 990:1008 The polar lipid pattern of strain CAU 1183(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified lipids, including two phospholipids, two glycolipids, a phosphoglycolipid and two lipids. 26023206 7 56 theme unidentified 923:934 arg1 lipids 1018:1023 two lipids 1014:1023 two lipids 1014:1023 The polar lipid pattern of strain CAU 1183(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified lipids, including two phospholipids, two glycolipids, a phosphoglycolipid and two lipids. 26023206 2 57 theme CAU 192:194 arg1 T 201:201 T 201:201 T 201:201 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated CAU 1183(T), was isolated from marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 26023206 2 57 theme CAU 192:194 arg1 1183 196:199 CAU 1183 192:199 CAU 1183(T) 192:202 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated CAU 1183(T), was isolated from marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 26023206 3 58 dep % 384:384 arg1 w/v 387:389 w/v 387:389 w/v 387:389 The bacterium grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 8.5 and in the presence of 2% (w/v) NaCl. 26023206 1 59 dep bacterium 58:66 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from marine sand. 26023206 4 60 theme Oceanobacillus 582:595 arg1 % 628:628 97.6% 624:628 97.6% 624:628 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1183(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Oceanobacillus and exhibited the highest similarity to Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051(T) (97.6%). 26023206 4 60 theme Oceanobacillus 582:595 arg1 T 620:620 T 620:620 T 620:620 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1183(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Oceanobacillus and exhibited the highest similarity to Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051(T) (97.6%). 26023206 4 60 theme Oceanobacillus 582:595 arg1 1051 615:618 Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051 582:618 Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051(T) (97.6%) 582:629 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1183(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Oceanobacillus and exhibited the highest similarity to Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051(T) (97.6%). 26023206 2 61 attach isolated 209:216 arg1 sand 230:233 marine sand 223:233 marine sand 223:233 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated CAU 1183(T), was isolated from marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 26023206 2 61 attach isolated 209:216 arg2 bacterium 170:178 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium 95:178 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium 95:178 A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated CAU 1183(T), was isolated from marine sand and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 26023206 5 62 contain contained 643:651 arg2 MK-7 653:656 MK-7 653:656 MK-7 653:656 The strain contained MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major cellular fatty acid. 26023206 5 62 contain contained 643:651 arg1 strain 636:641 The strain 632:641 The strain 632:641 The strain contained MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major cellular fatty acid. 26023206 5 63 theme isoprenoid 677:686 arg1 quinone 688:694 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 661:694 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 661:694 The strain contained MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major cellular fatty acid. 26023206 5 63 theme isoprenoid 677:686 arg1 0 714:714 0 714:714 0 714:714 The strain contained MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major cellular fatty acid. 26023206 5 63 theme isoprenoid 677:686 arg1 acid 745:748 the major cellular fatty acid 720:748 the major cellular fatty acid 720:748 The strain contained MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major cellular fatty acid. 26023206 4 64 theme rRNA 433:436 arg1 sequences 443:451 16S rRNA gene sequences 429:451 16S rRNA gene sequences 429:451 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1183(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Oceanobacillus and exhibited the highest similarity to Oceanobacillus chungangensis CAU 1051(T) (97.6%). 25744582 7 0 theme meso-diaminopimelic 728:746 arg1 acid 748:751 meso-diaminopimelic acid 728:751 meso-diaminopimelic acid 728:751 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25744582 12 1 theme representative 1460:1473 arg1 species 1481:1487 a representative novel species 1458:1487 a representative novel species of the genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangiumfuscum sp 1458:1551 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate is proposed as a representative novel species of the genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangiumfuscum sp. 25744582 12 1 theme representative 1460:1473 arg1 isolate 1435:1441 the new isolate 1427:1441 the new isolate 1427:1441 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate is proposed as a representative novel species of the genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangiumfuscum sp. 25744582 12 2 theme novel 1475:1479 arg1 species 1481:1487 a representative novel species 1458:1487 a representative novel species of the genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangiumfuscum sp 1458:1551 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate is proposed as a representative novel species of the genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangiumfuscum sp. 25744582 12 2 theme novel 1475:1479 arg1 isolate 1435:1441 the new isolate 1427:1441 the new isolate 1427:1441 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate is proposed as a representative novel species of the genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangiumfuscum sp. 25744582 4 3 theme relatedness 402:412 arg1 values 414:419 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 390:419 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 390:419 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were 21.8-27 % with S. siamense A-T 1946T and 31.1-31.9 % with S. album 6014T, which were significantly below 70 %. 25744582 4 3 theme relatedness 402:412 arg1 % 434:434 21.8-27 % 426:434 21.8-27 % with S. siamense A-T 1946T 426:461 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were 21.8-27 % with S. siamense A-T 1946T and 31.1-31.9 % with S. album 6014T, which were significantly below 70 %. 25744582 12 4 theme new 1431:1433 arg1 species 1481:1487 a representative novel species 1458:1487 a representative novel species of the genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangiumfuscum sp 1458:1551 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate is proposed as a representative novel species of the genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangiumfuscum sp. 25744582 12 4 theme new 1431:1433 arg1 isolate 1435:1441 the new isolate 1427:1441 the new isolate 1427:1441 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate is proposed as a representative novel species of the genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangiumfuscum sp. 25744582 2 5 dep 8343T 78:82 arg1 A-T 74:76 A novel actinomycete, A-T 8343T 52:82 A-T 74:76 A novel actinomycete, A-T 8343T was isolated from a moist evergreen forest soil sample collected in the Trat Province, Thailand. 25744582 3 6 theme 16S 190:192 arg1 analysis 213:220 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 190:220 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 190:220 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A-T 8343T belonged to the genus Sinosporangium and was closely related to Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T (98.81 %) and Sinosporangium album 6014T (98.54 %). 25744582 2 7 attach isolated 88:95 arg2 8343T 78:82 A novel actinomycete, A-T 8343T 52:82 8343T 78:82 A novel actinomycete, A-T 8343T was isolated from a moist evergreen forest soil sample collected in the Trat Province, Thailand. 25744582 2 7 attach isolated 88:95 arg1 sample 132:137 a moist evergreen forest soil sample 102:137 a moist evergreen forest soil sample collected in the Trat Province, Thailand 102:178 A novel actinomycete, A-T 8343T was isolated from a moist evergreen forest soil sample collected in the Trat Province, Thailand. 25744582 4 8 theme album 487:491 arg1 6014T 493:497 S. album 6014T 484:497 S. album 6014T 484:497 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were 21.8-27 % with S. siamense A-T 1946T and 31.1-31.9 % with S. album 6014T, which were significantly below 70 %. 25744582 3 9 theme Sinosporangium 304:317 arg1 1946T 332:336 Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T 304:336 Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T (98.81 %) 304:346 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A-T 8343T belonged to the genus Sinosporangium and was closely related to Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T (98.81 %) and Sinosporangium album 6014T (98.54 %). 25744582 3 9 theme Sinosporangium 304:317 arg1 % 345:345 98.81 % 339:345 98.81 % 339:345 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A-T 8343T belonged to the genus Sinosporangium and was closely related to Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T (98.81 %) and Sinosporangium album 6014T (98.54 %). 25744582 12 10 theme genus 1496:1500 arg1 Sinosporangium 1502:1515 the genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangiumfuscum sp 1492:1551 the genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangiumfuscum sp 1492:1551 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate is proposed as a representative novel species of the genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangiumfuscum sp. 25744582 14 11 theme BCC 1592:1594 arg1 8343T 1582:1586 A-T 8343T 1578:1586 A-T 8343T ( = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T) 1578:1617 The type strain is A-T 8343T ( = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T). 25744582 14 11 theme BCC 1592:1594 arg1 109516T 1610:1616  = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T 1589:1616  = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T 1589:1616 The type strain is A-T 8343T ( = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T). 25744582 3 12 theme siamense 319:326 arg1 1946T 332:336 Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T 304:336 Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T (98.81 %) 304:346 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A-T 8343T belonged to the genus Sinosporangium and was closely related to Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T (98.81 %) and Sinosporangium album 6014T (98.54 %). 25744582 3 12 theme siamense 319:326 arg1 % 345:345 98.81 % 339:345 98.81 % 339:345 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A-T 8343T belonged to the genus Sinosporangium and was closely related to Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T (98.81 %) and Sinosporangium album 6014T (98.54 %). 25744582 2 13 theme soil 127:130 arg1 sample 132:137 a moist evergreen forest soil sample 102:137 a moist evergreen forest soil sample collected in the Trat Province, Thailand 102:178 A novel actinomycete, A-T 8343T was isolated from a moist evergreen forest soil sample collected in the Trat Province, Thailand. 25744582 6 14 theme spherical 622:630 arg1 sporangia 632:640 spherical sporangia 622:640 spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia 622:687 The organism developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia. 25744582 2 15 theme forest 120:125 arg1 soil 127:130 evergreen forest soil 110:130 a moist evergreen forest soil sample collected in the Trat Province, Thailand 102:178 A novel actinomycete, A-T 8343T was isolated from a moist evergreen forest soil sample collected in the Trat Province, Thailand. 25744582 3 16 theme sequence 204:211 arg1 analysis 213:220 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 190:220 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 190:220 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A-T 8343T belonged to the genus Sinosporangium and was closely related to Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T (98.81 %) and Sinosporangium album 6014T (98.54 %). 25744582 14 17 theme A-T 1578:1580 arg1 strain 1568:1573 The type strain 1559:1573 The type strain 1559:1573 The type strain is A-T 8343T ( = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T). 25744582 14 17 theme A-T 1578:1580 arg1 8343T 1582:1586 A-T 8343T 1578:1586 A-T 8343T ( = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T) 1578:1617 The type strain is A-T 8343T ( = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T). 25744582 14 17 theme A-T 1578:1580 arg1 109516T 1610:1616  = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T 1589:1616  = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T 1589:1616 The type strain is A-T 8343T ( = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T). 25744582 4 18 with % 477:477 arg1 1946T 457:461 S. siamense A-T 1946T 441:461 S. siamense A-T 1946T 441:461 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were 21.8-27 % with S. siamense A-T 1946T and 31.1-31.9 % with S. album 6014T, which were significantly below 70 %. 25744582 4 18 with % 477:477 arg1 6014T 493:497 S. album 6014T 484:497 S. album 6014T 484:497 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were 21.8-27 % with S. siamense A-T 1946T and 31.1-31.9 % with S. album 6014T, which were significantly below 70 %. 25744582 11 19 theme cellular 1251:1258 arg1 acids 1266:1270 The major cellular fatty acids 1241:1270 The major cellular fatty acids 1241:1270 The major cellular fatty acids were saturated C16 : 0, iso C16 : 0, unsaturated C16 : 1 and C18 : 1. 25744582 11 19 theme cellular 1251:1258 arg1 C16 1287:1289 saturated C16 : 0 1277:1293 saturated C16 : 0 1277:1293 The major cellular fatty acids were saturated C16 : 0, iso C16 : 0, unsaturated C16 : 1 and C18 : 1. 25744582 2 20 theme evergreen 110:118 arg1 soil 127:130 evergreen forest soil 110:130 a moist evergreen forest soil sample collected in the Trat Province, Thailand 102:178 A novel actinomycete, A-T 8343T was isolated from a moist evergreen forest soil sample collected in the Trat Province, Thailand. 25744582 11 21 theme fatty 1260:1264 arg1 acids 1266:1270 The major cellular fatty acids 1241:1270 The major cellular fatty acids 1241:1270 The major cellular fatty acids were saturated C16 : 0, iso C16 : 0, unsaturated C16 : 1 and C18 : 1. 25744582 11 21 theme fatty 1260:1264 arg1 C16 1287:1289 saturated C16 : 0 1277:1293 saturated C16 : 0 1277:1293 The major cellular fatty acids were saturated C16 : 0, iso C16 : 0, unsaturated C16 : 1 and C18 : 1. 25744582 0 22 theme fuscum 15:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Sinosporangium fuscum sp 0:23 Sinosporangium fuscum sp. 0:24 Sinosporangium fuscum sp. 25744582 2 23 theme moist 104:108 arg1 sample 132:137 a moist evergreen forest soil sample 102:137 a moist evergreen forest soil sample collected in the Trat Province, Thailand 102:178 A novel actinomycete, A-T 8343T was isolated from a moist evergreen forest soil sample collected in the Trat Province, Thailand. 25744582 3 24 theme rRNA 194:197 arg1 analysis 213:220 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 190:220 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 190:220 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A-T 8343T belonged to the genus Sinosporangium and was closely related to Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T (98.81 %) and Sinosporangium album 6014T (98.54 %). 25744582 10 25 theme unknown 1219:1225 arg1 phospholipid 1227:1238 one unknown phospholipid 1215:1238 one unknown phospholipid 1215:1238 The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine, N-acetylglucosamine-containing phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-mannosides, aminophosphoglycolipid and one unknown phospholipid. 25744582 4 26 theme DNA-DNA 394:400 arg1 values 414:419 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 390:419 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 390:419 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were 21.8-27 % with S. siamense A-T 1946T and 31.1-31.9 % with S. album 6014T, which were significantly below 70 %. 25744582 4 26 theme DNA-DNA 394:400 arg1 % 434:434 21.8-27 % 426:434 21.8-27 % with S. siamense A-T 1946T 426:461 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were 21.8-27 % with S. siamense A-T 1946T and 31.1-31.9 % with S. album 6014T, which were significantly below 70 %. 25744582 3 27 theme album 367:371 arg1 6014T 373:377 Sinosporangium album 6014T 352:377 Sinosporangium album 6014T (98.54 %) 352:387 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A-T 8343T belonged to the genus Sinosporangium and was closely related to Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T (98.81 %) and Sinosporangium album 6014T (98.54 %). 25744582 3 27 theme album 367:371 arg1 % 386:386 98.54 % 380:386 98.54 % 380:386 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A-T 8343T belonged to the genus Sinosporangium and was closely related to Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T (98.81 %) and Sinosporangium album 6014T (98.54 %). 25744582 0 28 theme Sinosporangium 0:13 arg1 sp 22:23 Sinosporangium fuscum sp 0:23 Sinosporangium fuscum sp. 0:24 Sinosporangium fuscum sp. 25744582 2 29 theme novel 54:58 arg1 8343T 78:82 A novel actinomycete, A-T 8343T 52:82 8343T 78:82 A novel actinomycete, A-T 8343T was isolated from a moist evergreen forest soil sample collected in the Trat Province, Thailand. 25744582 3 30 theme gene 199:202 arg1 analysis 213:220 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 190:220 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 190:220 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A-T 8343T belonged to the genus Sinosporangium and was closely related to Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T (98.81 %) and Sinosporangium album 6014T (98.54 %). 25744582 14 31 theme type 1563:1566 arg1 strain 1568:1573 The type strain 1559:1573 The type strain 1559:1573 The type strain is A-T 8343T ( = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T). 25744582 14 31 theme type 1563:1566 arg1 8343T 1582:1586 A-T 8343T 1578:1586 A-T 8343T ( = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T) 1578:1617 The type strain is A-T 8343T ( = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T). 25744582 10 32 theme N-acetylglucosamine-containing 1065:1094 arg1 phospholipids 1096:1108 N-acetylglucosamine-containing phospholipids 1065:1108 N-acetylglucosamine-containing phospholipids 1065:1108 The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine, N-acetylglucosamine-containing phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-mannosides, aminophosphoglycolipid and one unknown phospholipid. 25744582 5 33 theme A-T 563:565 arg1 8343T 567:571 A-T 8343T 563:571 A-T 8343T 563:571 The result differentiated A-T 8343T from the closest species. 25744582 3 34 theme A-T 328:330 arg1 1946T 332:336 Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T 304:336 Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T (98.81 %) 304:346 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A-T 8343T belonged to the genus Sinosporangium and was closely related to Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T (98.81 %) and Sinosporangium album 6014T (98.54 %). 25744582 3 34 theme A-T 328:330 arg1 % 345:345 98.81 % 339:345 98.81 % 339:345 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A-T 8343T belonged to the genus Sinosporangium and was closely related to Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T (98.81 %) and Sinosporangium album 6014T (98.54 %). 25744582 3 35 theme A-T 230:232 arg1 8343T 234:238 strain A-T 8343T 223:238 strain A-T 8343T 223:238 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A-T 8343T belonged to the genus Sinosporangium and was closely related to Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T (98.81 %) and Sinosporangium album 6014T (98.54 %). 25744582 14 36 theme = 1603:1603 arg1 8343T 1582:1586 A-T 8343T 1578:1586 A-T 8343T ( = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T) 1578:1617 The type strain is A-T 8343T ( = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T). 25744582 14 36 theme = 1603:1603 arg1 109516T 1610:1616  = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T 1589:1616  = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T 1589:1616 The type strain is A-T 8343T ( = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T). 25744582 11 37 theme saturated 1277:1285 arg1 acids 1266:1270 The major cellular fatty acids 1241:1270 The major cellular fatty acids 1241:1270 The major cellular fatty acids were saturated C16 : 0, iso C16 : 0, unsaturated C16 : 1 and C18 : 1. 25744582 11 37 theme saturated 1277:1285 arg1 C16 1300:1302 iso C16 1296:1302 iso C16 1296:1302 The major cellular fatty acids were saturated C16 : 0, iso C16 : 0, unsaturated C16 : 1 and C18 : 1. 25744582 11 37 theme saturated 1277:1285 arg1 C16 1287:1289 saturated C16 : 0 1277:1293 saturated C16 : 0 1277:1293 The major cellular fatty acids were saturated C16 : 0, iso C16 : 0, unsaturated C16 : 1 and C18 : 1. 25744582 11 37 theme saturated 1277:1285 arg1 C18 1333:1335 C18 1333:1335 C18 1333:1335 The major cellular fatty acids were saturated C16 : 0, iso C16 : 0, unsaturated C16 : 1 and C18 : 1. 25744582 11 37 theme saturated 1277:1285 arg1 0 1306:1306 0 1306:1306 0 1306:1306 The major cellular fatty acids were saturated C16 : 0, iso C16 : 0, unsaturated C16 : 1 and C18 : 1. 25744582 11 37 theme saturated 1277:1285 arg1 C16 1321:1323 unsaturated C16 : 1 1309:1327 unsaturated C16 : 1 1309:1327 The major cellular fatty acids were saturated C16 : 0, iso C16 : 0, unsaturated C16 : 1 and C18 : 1. 25744582 12 38 theme characteristics 1410:1424 arg1 evaluation 1355:1364 an evaluation 1352:1364 an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1352:1424 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate is proposed as a representative novel species of the genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangiumfuscum sp. 25744582 4 39 theme S. 484:485 arg1 6014T 493:497 S. album 6014T 484:497 S. album 6014T 484:497 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were 21.8-27 % with S. siamense A-T 1946T and 31.1-31.9 % with S. album 6014T, which were significantly below 70 %. 25744582 7 40 contain contained 718:726 arg1 peptidoglycan 704:716 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 690:716 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 690:716 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25744582 7 40 contain contained 718:726 arg2 acid 748:751 meso-diaminopimelic acid 728:751 meso-diaminopimelic acid 728:751 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25744582 6 41 contain containing 642:651 arg2 sporangia 632:640 spherical sporangia 622:640 spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia 622:687 The organism developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia. 25744582 6 41 contain containing 642:651 arg1 sporangia 632:640 spherical sporangia 622:640 spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia 622:687 The organism developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia. 25744582 6 41 contain containing 642:651 arg2 spores 664:669 non-motile spores 653:669 non-motile spores 653:669 The organism developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia. 25744582 6 41 contain containing 642:651 arg1 mycelia 681:687 aerial mycelia 674:687 aerial mycelia 674:687 The organism developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia. 25744582 12 42 theme chemotaxonomic 1381:1394 arg1 characteristics 1410:1424 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1369:1424 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1369:1424 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate is proposed as a representative novel species of the genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangiumfuscum sp. 25744582 3 43 theme Sinosporangium 352:365 arg1 6014T 373:377 Sinosporangium album 6014T 352:377 Sinosporangium album 6014T (98.54 %) 352:387 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A-T 8343T belonged to the genus Sinosporangium and was closely related to Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T (98.81 %) and Sinosporangium album 6014T (98.54 %). 25744582 3 43 theme Sinosporangium 352:365 arg1 % 386:386 98.54 % 380:386 98.54 % 380:386 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A-T 8343T belonged to the genus Sinosporangium and was closely related to Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T (98.81 %) and Sinosporangium album 6014T (98.54 %). 25744582 4 44 theme A-T 453:455 arg1 1946T 457:461 S. siamense A-T 1946T 441:461 S. siamense A-T 1946T 441:461 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were 21.8-27 % with S. siamense A-T 1946T and 31.1-31.9 % with S. album 6014T, which were significantly below 70 %. 25744582 3 45 theme strain 223:228 arg1 8343T 234:238 strain A-T 8343T 223:238 strain A-T 8343T 223:238 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A-T 8343T belonged to the genus Sinosporangium and was closely related to Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T (98.81 %) and Sinosporangium album 6014T (98.54 %). 25744582 10 46 theme diagnostic 887:896 arg1 phosphatidylmethylethanolamine 917:946 phosphatidylmethylethanolamine 917:946 phosphatidylmethylethanolamine 917:946 The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine, N-acetylglucosamine-containing phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-mannosides, aminophosphoglycolipid and one unknown phospholipid. 25744582 10 46 theme diagnostic 887:896 arg1 phospholipids 898:910 The diagnostic phospholipids 883:910 The diagnostic phospholipids 883:910 The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine, N-acetylglucosamine-containing phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-mannosides, aminophosphoglycolipid and one unknown phospholipid. 25744582 4 47 theme S. 441:442 arg1 1946T 457:461 S. siamense A-T 1946T 441:461 S. siamense A-T 1946T 441:461 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were 21.8-27 % with S. siamense A-T 1946T and 31.1-31.9 % with S. album 6014T, which were significantly below 70 %. 25744582 7 48 theme cell-wall 694:702 arg1 peptidoglycan 704:716 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 690:716 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 690:716 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25744582 4 49 theme siamense 444:451 arg1 1946T 457:461 S. siamense A-T 1946T 441:461 S. siamense A-T 1946T 441:461 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were 21.8-27 % with S. siamense A-T 1946T and 31.1-31.9 % with S. album 6014T, which were significantly below 70 %. 25744582 9 50 theme predominant 830:840 arg1 menaquinones 842:853 The predominant menaquinones 826:853 The predominant menaquinones 826:853 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H2) and MK-9(H4). 25744582 9 50 theme predominant 830:840 arg1 MK-9 860:863 MK-9 860:863 MK-9 860:863 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H2) and MK-9(H4). 25744582 12 51 theme genotypic 1400:1408 arg1 characteristics 1410:1424 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1369:1424 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1369:1424 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate is proposed as a representative novel species of the genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangiumfuscum sp. 25744582 11 52 theme iso 1296:1298 arg1 C16 1300:1302 iso C16 1296:1302 iso C16 1296:1302 The major cellular fatty acids were saturated C16 : 0, iso C16 : 0, unsaturated C16 : 1 and C18 : 1. 25744582 11 52 theme iso 1296:1298 arg1 C16 1287:1289 saturated C16 : 0 1277:1293 saturated C16 : 0 1277:1293 The major cellular fatty acids were saturated C16 : 0, iso C16 : 0, unsaturated C16 : 1 and C18 : 1. 25744582 3 53 theme genus 256:260 arg1 Sinosporangium 262:275 the genus Sinosporangium 252:275 the genus Sinosporangium 252:275 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A-T 8343T belonged to the genus Sinosporangium and was closely related to Sinosporangium siamense A-T 1946T (98.81 %) and Sinosporangium album 6014T (98.54 %). 25744582 8 54 contain contained 776:784 arg2 madurose 804:811 madurose 804:811 madurose 804:811 The whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose, ribose, madurose and glucose. 25744582 8 54 contain contained 776:784 arg2 ribose 796:801 ribose 796:801 ribose 796:801 The whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose, ribose, madurose and glucose. 25744582 8 54 contain contained 776:784 arg2 rhamnose 786:793 rhamnose 786:793 rhamnose 786:793 The whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose, ribose, madurose and glucose. 25744582 8 54 contain contained 776:784 arg1 sugars 769:774 The whole-cell sugars 754:774 The whole-cell sugars 754:774 The whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose, ribose, madurose and glucose. 25744582 8 54 contain contained 776:784 arg2 glucose 817:823 glucose 817:823 glucose 817:823 The whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose, ribose, madurose and glucose. 25744582 6 55 theme aerial 674:679 arg1 mycelia 681:687 aerial mycelia 674:687 aerial mycelia 674:687 The organism developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia. 25744582 2 56 theme actinomycete 60:71 arg1 8343T 78:82 A novel actinomycete, A-T 8343T 52:82 8343T 78:82 A novel actinomycete, A-T 8343T was isolated from a moist evergreen forest soil sample collected in the Trat Province, Thailand. 25744582 4 57 with % 434:434 arg1 1946T 457:461 S. siamense A-T 1946T 441:461 S. siamense A-T 1946T 441:461 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were 21.8-27 % with S. siamense A-T 1946T and 31.1-31.9 % with S. album 6014T, which were significantly below 70 %. 25744582 4 57 with % 434:434 arg1 6014T 493:497 S. album 6014T 484:497 S. album 6014T 484:497 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were 21.8-27 % with S. siamense A-T 1946T and 31.1-31.9 % with S. album 6014T, which were significantly below 70 %. 25744582 8 58 theme whole-cell 758:767 arg1 sugars 769:774 The whole-cell sugars 754:774 The whole-cell sugars 754:774 The whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose, ribose, madurose and glucose. 25744582 12 59 theme Sinosporangiumfuscum 1529:1548 arg1 sp 1550:1551 Sinosporangiumfuscum sp 1529:1551 Sinosporangiumfuscum sp 1529:1551 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate is proposed as a representative novel species of the genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangiumfuscum sp. 25744582 11 60 theme major 1245:1249 arg1 acids 1266:1270 The major cellular fatty acids 1241:1270 The major cellular fatty acids 1241:1270 The major cellular fatty acids were saturated C16 : 0, iso C16 : 0, unsaturated C16 : 1 and C18 : 1. 25744582 11 60 theme major 1245:1249 arg1 C16 1287:1289 saturated C16 : 0 1277:1293 saturated C16 : 0 1277:1293 The major cellular fatty acids were saturated C16 : 0, iso C16 : 0, unsaturated C16 : 1 and C18 : 1. 25744582 14 61 theme NBRC 1605:1608 arg1 8343T 1582:1586 A-T 8343T 1578:1586 A-T 8343T ( = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T) 1578:1617 The type strain is A-T 8343T ( = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T). 25744582 14 61 theme NBRC 1605:1608 arg1 109516T 1610:1616  = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T 1589:1616  = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T 1589:1616 The type strain is A-T 8343T ( = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T). 25744582 11 62 theme unsaturated 1309:1319 arg1 C16 1287:1289 saturated C16 : 0 1277:1293 saturated C16 : 0 1277:1293 The major cellular fatty acids were saturated C16 : 0, iso C16 : 0, unsaturated C16 : 1 and C18 : 1. 25744582 11 62 theme unsaturated 1309:1319 arg1 C16 1321:1323 unsaturated C16 : 1 1309:1327 unsaturated C16 : 1 1309:1327 The major cellular fatty acids were saturated C16 : 0, iso C16 : 0, unsaturated C16 : 1 and C18 : 1. 25744582 4 63 with % 534:534 arg1 1946T 457:461 S. siamense A-T 1946T 441:461 S. siamense A-T 1946T 441:461 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were 21.8-27 % with S. siamense A-T 1946T and 31.1-31.9 % with S. album 6014T, which were significantly below 70 %. 25744582 4 63 with % 534:534 arg1 6014T 493:497 S. album 6014T 484:497 S. album 6014T 484:497 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were 21.8-27 % with S. siamense A-T 1946T and 31.1-31.9 % with S. album 6014T, which were significantly below 70 %. 25744582 12 64 theme phenotypic 1369:1378 arg1 characteristics 1410:1424 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1369:1424 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1369:1424 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate is proposed as a representative novel species of the genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangiumfuscum sp. 25744582 6 65 theme non-motile 653:662 arg1 spores 664:669 non-motile spores 653:669 non-motile spores 653:669 The organism developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia. 25744582 12 66 theme Sinosporangium 1502:1515 arg1 species 1481:1487 a representative novel species 1458:1487 a representative novel species of the genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangiumfuscum sp 1458:1551 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate is proposed as a representative novel species of the genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangiumfuscum sp. 25744582 12 66 theme Sinosporangium 1502:1515 arg1 isolate 1435:1441 the new isolate 1427:1441 the new isolate 1427:1441 Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the new isolate is proposed as a representative novel species of the genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangiumfuscum sp. 25744582 14 67 theme 52770T 1596:1601 arg1 8343T 1582:1586 A-T 8343T 1578:1586 A-T 8343T ( = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T) 1578:1617 The type strain is A-T 8343T ( = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T). 25744582 14 67 theme 52770T 1596:1601 arg1 109516T 1610:1616  = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T 1589:1616  = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T 1589:1616 The type strain is A-T 8343T ( = BCC 52770T = NBRC 109516T). 25744582 11 68 dep C16 1287:1289 arg1 1 1339:1339 1 1339:1339 1 1339:1339 The major cellular fatty acids were saturated C16 : 0, iso C16 : 0, unsaturated C16 : 1 and C18 : 1. 25744582 5 69 theme closest 582:588 arg1 species 590:596 the closest species 578:596 the closest species 578:596 The result differentiated A-T 8343T from the closest species. 28831744 6 0 theme fatty 991:995 arg1 chain 1002:1006 the fatty acyl chain 987:1006 the fatty acyl chain 987:1006 The reactivity of unsaturation in the fatty acyl chain was about 8-fold higher than that in the long chain base, which enables their straightforward differentiation. 28831744 3 1 theme wave-based 552:561 arg1 spectrometer 602:613 a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer 540:613 a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer 540:613 In this paper, ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (OzID-MS) implemented in a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer was applied to study unsaturated glycosphingolipids using shotgun approach. 28831744 2 2 from paucity 372:378 arg1 moiety 404:409 the lipid moiety 394:409 the lipid moiety 394:409 While the glycan head group has been the subject of most studies, there is paucity of reports on the lipid moiety, particularly the location of unsaturation. 28831744 3 3 theme mass 597:600 arg1 spectrometer 602:613 a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer 540:613 a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer 540:613 In this paper, ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (OzID-MS) implemented in a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer was applied to study unsaturated glycosphingolipids using shotgun approach. 28831744 2 4 from reports 383:389 arg1 moiety 404:409 the lipid moiety 394:409 the lipid moiety 394:409 While the glycan head group has been the subject of most studies, there is paucity of reports on the lipid moiety, particularly the location of unsaturation. 28831744 8 5 theme technique 1286:1294 arg1 Application 1266:1276 Application 1266:1276 Application of this technique to bovine brain galactocerebrosides 1266:1330 Application of this technique to bovine brain galactocerebrosides revealed co-isolated isobaric and regioisomeric species, which otherwise would be incompletely identified using contemporary collision-induced dissociation (CID) alone. 28831744 7 6 theme hydroxylation 1159:1171 arg1 Influence 1119:1127 Influence 1119:1127 Influence of the head group, fatty acyl hydroxylation, and length of fatty acyl chain on the oxidative cleavage of double bonds 1119:1245 Influence of the head group, fatty acyl hydroxylation, and length of fatty acyl chain on the oxidative cleavage of double bonds was also observed. 28831744 3 7 theme Q-ToF 590:594 arg1 spectrometer 602:613 a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer 540:613 a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer 540:613 In this paper, ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (OzID-MS) implemented in a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer was applied to study unsaturated glycosphingolipids using shotgun approach. 28831744 0 8 theme Mass 95:98 arg1 Spectrometry 100:111 Shotgun Ozone-Induced Dissociation Mass Spectrometry 60:111 Shotgun Ozone-Induced Dissociation Mass Spectrometry 60:111 Structural Analysis of Unsaturated Glycosphingolipids Using Shotgun Ozone-Induced Dissociation Mass Spectrometry. 28831744 8 9 theme bovine 1299:1304 arg1 galactocerebrosides 1312:1330 bovine brain galactocerebrosides 1299:1330 bovine brain galactocerebrosides 1299:1330 Application of this technique to bovine brain galactocerebrosides revealed co-isolated isobaric and regioisomeric species, which otherwise would be incompletely identified using contemporary collision-induced dissociation (CID) alone. 28831744 7 10 theme fatty 1148:1152 arg1 hydroxylation 1159:1171 fatty acyl hydroxylation 1148:1171 fatty acyl hydroxylation 1148:1171 Influence of the head group, fatty acyl hydroxylation, and length of fatty acyl chain on the oxidative cleavage of double bonds was also observed. 28831744 2 11 from moiety 404:409 arg1 location 429:436 the location 425:436 the location of unsaturation 425:452 While the glycan head group has been the subject of most studies, there is paucity of reports on the lipid moiety, particularly the location of unsaturation. 28831744 2 11 from moiety 404:409 arg1 paucity 372:378 paucity 372:378 paucity 372:378 While the glycan head group has been the subject of most studies, there is paucity of reports on the lipid moiety, particularly the location of unsaturation. 28831744 4 12 theme resolution 706:715 arg1 spectra 722:728 Resulting high resolution mass spectra 691:728 Resulting high resolution mass spectra 691:728 Resulting high resolution mass spectra facilitated the unambiguous identification of diagnostic OzID product ions. 28831744 7 13 theme group 1141:1145 arg1 Influence 1119:1127 Influence 1119:1127 Influence of the head group, fatty acyl hydroxylation, and length of fatty acyl chain on the oxidative cleavage of double bonds 1119:1245 Influence of the head group, fatty acyl hydroxylation, and length of fatty acyl chain on the oxidative cleavage of double bonds was also observed. 28831744 2 14 theme studies 354:360 arg1 group 319:323 the glycan head group 303:323 the glycan head group 303:323 While the glycan head group has been the subject of most studies, there is paucity of reports on the lipid moiety, particularly the location of unsaturation. 28831744 2 14 theme studies 354:360 arg1 subject 338:344 the subject 334:344 the subject of most studies 334:360 While the glycan head group has been the subject of most studies, there is paucity of reports on the lipid moiety, particularly the location of unsaturation. 28831744 8 15 theme isobaric 1353:1360 arg1 species 1380:1386 co-isolated isobaric and regioisomeric species 1341:1386 co-isolated isobaric and regioisomeric species 1341:1386 Application of this technique to bovine brain galactocerebrosides revealed co-isolated isobaric and regioisomeric species, which otherwise would be incompletely identified using contemporary collision-induced dissociation (CID) alone. 28831744 8 16 theme co-isolated 1341:1351 arg1 species 1380:1386 co-isolated isobaric and regioisomeric species 1341:1386 co-isolated isobaric and regioisomeric species 1341:1386 Application of this technique to bovine brain galactocerebrosides revealed co-isolated isobaric and regioisomeric species, which otherwise would be incompletely identified using contemporary collision-induced dissociation (CID) alone. 28831744 10 17 theme Graphical 1754:1762 arg1 Abstract 1764:1771 Graphical Abstract 1754:1771 Graphical Abstract 1754:1771 Graphical Abstract ᅟ. 28831744 5 18 theme distinct 921:928 arg1 reactivity 930:939 distinct reactivity 921:939 distinct reactivity 921:939 Using [M+Na]+ adducts of authentic standards, we observed that the long chain base and fatty acyl unsaturation had distinct reactivity with ozone. 28831744 3 19 theme unsaturated 636:646 arg1 glycosphingolipids 648:665 unsaturated glycosphingolipids 636:665 unsaturated glycosphingolipids using shotgun approach 636:688 In this paper, ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (OzID-MS) implemented in a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer was applied to study unsaturated glycosphingolipids using shotgun approach. 28831744 7 20 theme acyl 1194:1197 arg1 chain 1199:1203 fatty acyl chain 1188:1203 fatty acyl chain 1188:1203 Influence of the head group, fatty acyl hydroxylation, and length of fatty acyl chain on the oxidative cleavage of double bonds was also observed. 28831744 9 21 theme complementary 1606:1618 arg1 information 1631:1641 complementary structural information 1606:1641 complementary structural information 1606:1641 These results highlight the potential of OzID-MS in glycosphingolipids research, which not only provides complementary structural information to existing CID technique but also facilitates de novo structural determination of these complex biomolecules. 28831744 1 22 theme compositional 256:268 arg1 complexity 285:294 both compositional and structural complexity 251:294 both compositional and structural complexity 251:294 Glycosphingolipids are essential biomolecules widely distributed across biological kingdoms yet remain relatively underexplored owing to both compositional and structural complexity. 28831744 4 23 theme diagnostic 776:785 arg1 ions 800:803 diagnostic OzID product ions 776:803 diagnostic OzID product ions 776:803 Resulting high resolution mass spectra facilitated the unambiguous identification of diagnostic OzID product ions. 28831744 5 24 theme standards 841:849 arg1 [M+Na 812:816 [M+Na] 812:817 [M+Na] 812:817 Using [M+Na]+ adducts of authentic standards, we observed that the long chain base and fatty acyl unsaturation had distinct reactivity with ozone. 28831744 2 25 theme head 314:317 arg1 group 319:323 the glycan head group 303:323 the glycan head group 303:323 While the glycan head group has been the subject of most studies, there is paucity of reports on the lipid moiety, particularly the location of unsaturation. 28831744 2 25 theme head 314:317 arg1 subject 338:344 the subject 334:344 the subject of most studies 334:360 While the glycan head group has been the subject of most studies, there is paucity of reports on the lipid moiety, particularly the location of unsaturation. 28831744 4 26 theme product 792:798 arg1 ions 800:803 diagnostic OzID product ions 776:803 diagnostic OzID product ions 776:803 Resulting high resolution mass spectra facilitated the unambiguous identification of diagnostic OzID product ions. 28831744 6 27 theme chain 1054:1058 arg1 base 1060:1063 the long chain base 1045:1063 the long chain base 1045:1063 The reactivity of unsaturation in the fatty acyl chain was about 8-fold higher than that in the long chain base, which enables their straightforward differentiation. 28831744 1 28 theme biological 186:195 arg1 kingdoms 197:204 biological kingdoms 186:204 biological kingdoms 186:204 Glycosphingolipids are essential biomolecules widely distributed across biological kingdoms yet remain relatively underexplored owing to both compositional and structural complexity. 28831744 3 29 theme ozone-induced 470:482 arg1 spectrometry 502:513 ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry 470:513 ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (OzID-MS) implemented in a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer 470:613 In this paper, ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (OzID-MS) implemented in a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer was applied to study unsaturated glycosphingolipids using shotgun approach. 28831744 3 29 theme ozone-induced 470:482 arg1 OzID-MS 516:522 OzID-MS 516:522 OzID-MS 516:522 In this paper, ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (OzID-MS) implemented in a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer was applied to study unsaturated glycosphingolipids using shotgun approach. 28831744 7 30 theme bonds 1241:1245 arg1 cleavage 1222:1229 the oxidative cleavage 1208:1229 the oxidative cleavage of double bonds 1208:1245 Influence of the head group, fatty acyl hydroxylation, and length of fatty acyl chain on the oxidative cleavage of double bonds was also observed. 28831744 5 31 contain had 917:919 arg1 base 884:887 the long chain base 869:887 the long chain base 869:887 Using [M+Na]+ adducts of authentic standards, we observed that the long chain base and fatty acyl unsaturation had distinct reactivity with ozone. 28831744 5 31 contain had 917:919 arg2 reactivity 930:939 distinct reactivity 921:939 distinct reactivity 921:939 Using [M+Na]+ adducts of authentic standards, we observed that the long chain base and fatty acyl unsaturation had distinct reactivity with ozone. 28831744 5 31 contain had 917:919 arg1 unsaturation 904:915 fatty acyl unsaturation 893:915 fatty acyl unsaturation 893:915 Using [M+Na]+ adducts of authentic standards, we observed that the long chain base and fatty acyl unsaturation had distinct reactivity with ozone. 28831744 8 32 theme collision-induced 1457:1473 arg1 CID 1489:1491 CID 1489:1491 CID 1489:1491 Application of this technique to bovine brain galactocerebrosides revealed co-isolated isobaric and regioisomeric species, which otherwise would be incompletely identified using contemporary collision-induced dissociation (CID) alone. 28831744 8 32 theme collision-induced 1457:1473 arg1 dissociation 1475:1486 contemporary collision-induced dissociation 1444:1486 contemporary collision-induced dissociation (CID) alone 1444:1498 Application of this technique to bovine brain galactocerebrosides revealed co-isolated isobaric and regioisomeric species, which otherwise would be incompletely identified using contemporary collision-induced dissociation (CID) alone. 28831744 0 33 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 Analysis 11:18 Structural Analysis 0:18 Structural Analysis of Unsaturated Glycosphingolipids 0:52 Structural Analysis of Unsaturated Glycosphingolipids Using Shotgun Ozone-Induced Dissociation Mass Spectrometry. 28831744 9 34 theme de 1690:1691 arg1 determination 1709:1721 de novo structural determination 1690:1721 de novo structural determination of these complex biomolecules 1690:1751 These results highlight the potential of OzID-MS in glycosphingolipids research, which not only provides complementary structural information to existing CID technique but also facilitates de novo structural determination of these complex biomolecules. 28831744 5 35 theme fatty 893:897 arg1 unsaturation 904:915 fatty acyl unsaturation 893:915 fatty acyl unsaturation 893:915 Using [M+Na]+ adducts of authentic standards, we observed that the long chain base and fatty acyl unsaturation had distinct reactivity with ozone. 28831744 9 36 theme structural 1698:1707 arg1 determination 1709:1721 de novo structural determination 1690:1721 de novo structural determination of these complex biomolecules 1690:1751 These results highlight the potential of OzID-MS in glycosphingolipids research, which not only provides complementary structural information to existing CID technique but also facilitates de novo structural determination of these complex biomolecules. 28831744 3 37 theme mass 497:500 arg1 spectrometry 502:513 ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry 470:513 ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (OzID-MS) implemented in a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer 470:613 In this paper, ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (OzID-MS) implemented in a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer was applied to study unsaturated glycosphingolipids using shotgun approach. 28831744 3 37 theme mass 497:500 arg1 OzID-MS 516:522 OzID-MS 516:522 OzID-MS 516:522 In this paper, ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (OzID-MS) implemented in a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer was applied to study unsaturated glycosphingolipids using shotgun approach. 28831744 0 38 theme Glycosphingolipids 35:52 arg1 Analysis 11:18 Structural Analysis 0:18 Structural Analysis of Unsaturated Glycosphingolipids 0:52 Structural Analysis of Unsaturated Glycosphingolipids Using Shotgun Ozone-Induced Dissociation Mass Spectrometry. 28831744 6 39 theme straightforward 1086:1100 arg1 differentiation 1102:1116 their straightforward differentiation 1080:1116 their straightforward differentiation 1080:1116 The reactivity of unsaturation in the fatty acyl chain was about 8-fold higher than that in the long chain base, which enables their straightforward differentiation. 28831744 0 40 theme Dissociation 82:93 arg1 Spectrometry 100:111 Shotgun Ozone-Induced Dissociation Mass Spectrometry 60:111 Shotgun Ozone-Induced Dissociation Mass Spectrometry 60:111 Structural Analysis of Unsaturated Glycosphingolipids Using Shotgun Ozone-Induced Dissociation Mass Spectrometry. 28831744 5 41 theme long 873:876 arg1 base 884:887 the long chain base 869:887 the long chain base 869:887 Using [M+Na]+ adducts of authentic standards, we observed that the long chain base and fatty acyl unsaturation had distinct reactivity with ozone. 28831744 9 42 theme complex 1732:1738 arg1 biomolecules 1740:1751 these complex biomolecules 1726:1751 these complex biomolecules 1726:1751 These results highlight the potential of OzID-MS in glycosphingolipids research, which not only provides complementary structural information to existing CID technique but also facilitates de novo structural determination of these complex biomolecules. 28831744 9 43 from OzID-MS 1542:1548 arg1 research 1572:1579 glycosphingolipids research 1553:1579 glycosphingolipids research 1553:1579 These results highlight the potential of OzID-MS in glycosphingolipids research, which not only provides complementary structural information to existing CID technique but also facilitates de novo structural determination of these complex biomolecules. 28831744 3 44 theme quadrupole 563:572 arg1 spectrometer 602:613 a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer 540:613 a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer 540:613 In this paper, ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (OzID-MS) implemented in a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer was applied to study unsaturated glycosphingolipids using shotgun approach. 28831744 0 45 theme Ozone-Induced 68:80 arg1 Spectrometry 100:111 Shotgun Ozone-Induced Dissociation Mass Spectrometry 60:111 Shotgun Ozone-Induced Dissociation Mass Spectrometry 60:111 Structural Analysis of Unsaturated Glycosphingolipids Using Shotgun Ozone-Induced Dissociation Mass Spectrometry. 28831744 6 46 theme acyl 997:1000 arg1 chain 1002:1006 the fatty acyl chain 987:1006 the fatty acyl chain 987:1006 The reactivity of unsaturation in the fatty acyl chain was about 8-fold higher than that in the long chain base, which enables their straightforward differentiation. 28831744 9 47 from potential 1529:1537 arg1 research 1572:1579 glycosphingolipids research 1553:1579 glycosphingolipids research 1553:1579 These results highlight the potential of OzID-MS in glycosphingolipids research, which not only provides complementary structural information to existing CID technique but also facilitates de novo structural determination of these complex biomolecules. 28831744 7 48 from Influence 1119:1127 arg1 cleavage 1222:1229 the oxidative cleavage 1208:1229 the oxidative cleavage of double bonds 1208:1245 Influence of the head group, fatty acyl hydroxylation, and length of fatty acyl chain on the oxidative cleavage of double bonds was also observed. 28831744 7 49 theme length 1178:1183 arg1 Influence 1119:1127 Influence 1119:1127 Influence of the head group, fatty acyl hydroxylation, and length of fatty acyl chain on the oxidative cleavage of double bonds 1119:1245 Influence of the head group, fatty acyl hydroxylation, and length of fatty acyl chain on the oxidative cleavage of double bonds was also observed. 28831744 2 50 theme lipid 398:402 arg1 moiety 404:409 the lipid moiety 394:409 the lipid moiety 394:409 While the glycan head group has been the subject of most studies, there is paucity of reports on the lipid moiety, particularly the location of unsaturation. 28831744 6 51 from reactivity 957:966 arg1 chain 1002:1006 the fatty acyl chain 987:1006 the fatty acyl chain 987:1006 The reactivity of unsaturation in the fatty acyl chain was about 8-fold higher than that in the long chain base, which enables their straightforward differentiation. 28831744 2 52 theme most 349:352 arg1 studies 354:360 most studies 349:360 most studies 349:360 While the glycan head group has been the subject of most studies, there is paucity of reports on the lipid moiety, particularly the location of unsaturation. 28831744 6 53 theme unsaturation 971:982 arg1 8-fold 1018:1023 8-fold 1018:1023 8-fold 1018:1023 The reactivity of unsaturation in the fatty acyl chain was about 8-fold higher than that in the long chain base, which enables their straightforward differentiation. 28831744 6 53 theme unsaturation 971:982 arg1 reactivity 957:966 The reactivity 953:966 The reactivity of unsaturation in the fatty acyl chain 953:1006 The reactivity of unsaturation in the fatty acyl chain was about 8-fold higher than that in the long chain base, which enables their straightforward differentiation. 28831744 6 53 theme unsaturation 971:982 arg1 higher 1025:1030 higher 1025:1030 higher 1025:1030 The reactivity of unsaturation in the fatty acyl chain was about 8-fold higher than that in the long chain base, which enables their straightforward differentiation. 28831744 7 54 theme acyl 1154:1157 arg1 hydroxylation 1159:1171 fatty acyl hydroxylation 1148:1171 fatty acyl hydroxylation 1148:1171 Influence of the head group, fatty acyl hydroxylation, and length of fatty acyl chain on the oxidative cleavage of double bonds was also observed. 28831744 0 55 theme Shotgun 60:66 arg1 Spectrometry 100:111 Shotgun Ozone-Induced Dissociation Mass Spectrometry 60:111 Shotgun Ozone-Induced Dissociation Mass Spectrometry 60:111 Structural Analysis of Unsaturated Glycosphingolipids Using Shotgun Ozone-Induced Dissociation Mass Spectrometry. 28831744 9 56 theme OzID-MS 1542:1548 arg1 potential 1529:1537 the potential 1525:1537 the potential 1525:1537 These results highlight the potential of OzID-MS in glycosphingolipids research, which not only provides complementary structural information to existing CID technique but also facilitates de novo structural determination of these complex biomolecules. 28831744 4 57 theme unambiguous 746:756 arg1 identification 758:771 the unambiguous identification 742:771 the unambiguous identification of diagnostic OzID product ions 742:803 Resulting high resolution mass spectra facilitated the unambiguous identification of diagnostic OzID product ions. 28831744 7 58 theme head 1136:1139 arg1 chain 1199:1203 fatty acyl chain 1188:1203 fatty acyl chain 1188:1203 Influence of the head group, fatty acyl hydroxylation, and length of fatty acyl chain on the oxidative cleavage of double bonds was also observed. 28831744 7 58 theme head 1136:1139 arg1 group 1141:1145 the head group 1132:1145 the head group 1132:1145 Influence of the head group, fatty acyl hydroxylation, and length of fatty acyl chain on the oxidative cleavage of double bonds was also observed. 28831744 5 59 theme acyl 899:902 arg1 unsaturation 904:915 fatty acyl unsaturation 893:915 fatty acyl unsaturation 893:915 Using [M+Na]+ adducts of authentic standards, we observed that the long chain base and fatty acyl unsaturation had distinct reactivity with ozone. 28831744 9 60 dep de 1690:1691 arg1 novo 1693:1696 novo 1693:1696 novo 1693:1696 These results highlight the potential of OzID-MS in glycosphingolipids research, which not only provides complementary structural information to existing CID technique but also facilitates de novo structural determination of these complex biomolecules. 28831744 4 61 theme high 701:704 arg1 spectra 722:728 Resulting high resolution mass spectra 691:728 Resulting high resolution mass spectra 691:728 Resulting high resolution mass spectra facilitated the unambiguous identification of diagnostic OzID product ions. 28831744 3 62 theme traveling 542:550 arg1 spectrometer 602:613 a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer 540:613 a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer 540:613 In this paper, ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (OzID-MS) implemented in a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer was applied to study unsaturated glycosphingolipids using shotgun approach. 28831744 2 63 theme glycan 307:312 arg1 group 319:323 the glycan head group 303:323 the glycan head group 303:323 While the glycan head group has been the subject of most studies, there is paucity of reports on the lipid moiety, particularly the location of unsaturation. 28831744 2 63 theme glycan 307:312 arg1 subject 338:344 the subject 334:344 the subject of most studies 334:360 While the glycan head group has been the subject of most studies, there is paucity of reports on the lipid moiety, particularly the location of unsaturation. 28831744 1 64 theme structural 274:283 arg1 complexity 285:294 both compositional and structural complexity 251:294 both compositional and structural complexity 251:294 Glycosphingolipids are essential biomolecules widely distributed across biological kingdoms yet remain relatively underexplored owing to both compositional and structural complexity. 28831744 6 65 dep 8-fold 1018:1023 arg1 8-fold 1018:1023 8-fold 1018:1023 8-fold 1018:1023 The reactivity of unsaturation in the fatty acyl chain was about 8-fold higher than that in the long chain base, which enables their straightforward differentiation. 28831744 6 65 dep 8-fold 1018:1023 arg1 reactivity 957:966 The reactivity 953:966 The reactivity of unsaturation in the fatty acyl chain 953:1006 The reactivity of unsaturation in the fatty acyl chain was about 8-fold higher than that in the long chain base, which enables their straightforward differentiation. 28831744 6 65 dep 8-fold 1018:1023 arg1 higher 1025:1030 higher 1025:1030 higher 1025:1030 The reactivity of unsaturation in the fatty acyl chain was about 8-fold higher than that in the long chain base, which enables their straightforward differentiation. 28831744 4 66 theme mass 717:720 arg1 spectra 722:728 Resulting high resolution mass spectra 691:728 Resulting high resolution mass spectra 691:728 Resulting high resolution mass spectra facilitated the unambiguous identification of diagnostic OzID product ions. 28831744 4 67 theme ions 800:803 arg1 identification 758:771 the unambiguous identification 742:771 the unambiguous identification of diagnostic OzID product ions 742:803 Resulting high resolution mass spectra facilitated the unambiguous identification of diagnostic OzID product ions. 28831744 8 68 theme regioisomeric 1366:1378 arg1 species 1380:1386 co-isolated isobaric and regioisomeric species 1341:1386 co-isolated isobaric and regioisomeric species 1341:1386 Application of this technique to bovine brain galactocerebrosides revealed co-isolated isobaric and regioisomeric species, which otherwise would be incompletely identified using contemporary collision-induced dissociation (CID) alone. 28831744 5 69 theme authentic 831:839 arg1 standards 841:849 authentic standards 831:849 authentic standards 831:849 Using [M+Na]+ adducts of authentic standards, we observed that the long chain base and fatty acyl unsaturation had distinct reactivity with ozone. 28831744 3 70 theme shotgun 673:679 arg1 approach 681:688 shotgun approach 673:688 shotgun approach 673:688 In this paper, ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (OzID-MS) implemented in a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer was applied to study unsaturated glycosphingolipids using shotgun approach. 28831744 9 71 theme glycosphingolipids 1553:1570 arg1 research 1572:1579 glycosphingolipids research 1553:1579 glycosphingolipids research 1553:1579 These results highlight the potential of OzID-MS in glycosphingolipids research, which not only provides complementary structural information to existing CID technique but also facilitates de novo structural determination of these complex biomolecules. 28831744 9 72 theme structural 1620:1629 arg1 information 1631:1641 complementary structural information 1606:1641 complementary structural information 1606:1641 These results highlight the potential of OzID-MS in glycosphingolipids research, which not only provides complementary structural information to existing CID technique but also facilitates de novo structural determination of these complex biomolecules. 28831744 4 73 theme OzID 787:790 arg1 ions 800:803 diagnostic OzID product ions 776:803 diagnostic OzID product ions 776:803 Resulting high resolution mass spectra facilitated the unambiguous identification of diagnostic OzID product ions. 28831744 9 74 theme CID 1655:1657 arg1 technique 1659:1667 CID technique 1655:1667 CID technique 1655:1667 These results highlight the potential of OzID-MS in glycosphingolipids research, which not only provides complementary structural information to existing CID technique but also facilitates de novo structural determination of these complex biomolecules. 28831744 6 75 theme long 1049:1052 arg1 base 1060:1063 the long chain base 1045:1063 the long chain base 1045:1063 The reactivity of unsaturation in the fatty acyl chain was about 8-fold higher than that in the long chain base, which enables their straightforward differentiation. 28831744 7 76 theme double 1234:1239 arg1 bonds 1241:1245 double bonds 1234:1245 double bonds 1234:1245 Influence of the head group, fatty acyl hydroxylation, and length of fatty acyl chain on the oxidative cleavage of double bonds was also observed. 28831744 8 77 theme brain 1306:1310 arg1 galactocerebrosides 1312:1330 bovine brain galactocerebrosides 1299:1330 bovine brain galactocerebrosides 1299:1330 Application of this technique to bovine brain galactocerebrosides revealed co-isolated isobaric and regioisomeric species, which otherwise would be incompletely identified using contemporary collision-induced dissociation (CID) alone. 28831744 3 78 theme dissociation 484:495 arg1 spectrometry 502:513 ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry 470:513 ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (OzID-MS) implemented in a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer 470:613 In this paper, ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (OzID-MS) implemented in a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer was applied to study unsaturated glycosphingolipids using shotgun approach. 28831744 3 78 theme dissociation 484:495 arg1 OzID-MS 516:522 OzID-MS 516:522 OzID-MS 516:522 In this paper, ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (OzID-MS) implemented in a traveling wave-based quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer was applied to study unsaturated glycosphingolipids using shotgun approach. 28831744 5 79 theme chain 878:882 arg1 base 884:887 the long chain base 869:887 the long chain base 869:887 Using [M+Na]+ adducts of authentic standards, we observed that the long chain base and fatty acyl unsaturation had distinct reactivity with ozone. 28831744 8 80 theme contemporary 1444:1455 arg1 CID 1489:1491 CID 1489:1491 CID 1489:1491 Application of this technique to bovine brain galactocerebrosides revealed co-isolated isobaric and regioisomeric species, which otherwise would be incompletely identified using contemporary collision-induced dissociation (CID) alone. 28831744 8 80 theme contemporary 1444:1455 arg1 dissociation 1475:1486 contemporary collision-induced dissociation 1444:1486 contemporary collision-induced dissociation (CID) alone 1444:1498 Application of this technique to bovine brain galactocerebrosides revealed co-isolated isobaric and regioisomeric species, which otherwise would be incompletely identified using contemporary collision-induced dissociation (CID) alone. 28831744 0 81 theme Unsaturated 23:33 arg1 Glycosphingolipids 35:52 Unsaturated Glycosphingolipids 23:52 Unsaturated Glycosphingolipids 23:52 Structural Analysis of Unsaturated Glycosphingolipids Using Shotgun Ozone-Induced Dissociation Mass Spectrometry. 28831744 1 82 theme essential 137:145 arg1 Glycosphingolipids 114:131 Glycosphingolipids 114:131 Glycosphingolipids 114:131 Glycosphingolipids are essential biomolecules widely distributed across biological kingdoms yet remain relatively underexplored owing to both compositional and structural complexity. 28831744 1 82 theme essential 137:145 arg1 biomolecules 147:158 essential biomolecules 137:158 essential biomolecules widely distributed across biological kingdoms 137:204 Glycosphingolipids are essential biomolecules widely distributed across biological kingdoms yet remain relatively underexplored owing to both compositional and structural complexity. 28831744 7 83 theme chain 1199:1203 arg1 chain 1199:1203 fatty acyl chain 1188:1203 fatty acyl chain 1188:1203 Influence of the head group, fatty acyl hydroxylation, and length of fatty acyl chain on the oxidative cleavage of double bonds was also observed. 28831744 7 83 theme chain 1199:1203 arg1 hydroxylation 1159:1171 fatty acyl hydroxylation 1148:1171 fatty acyl hydroxylation 1148:1171 Influence of the head group, fatty acyl hydroxylation, and length of fatty acyl chain on the oxidative cleavage of double bonds was also observed. 28831744 7 83 theme chain 1199:1203 arg1 length 1178:1183 length 1178:1183 length of fatty acyl chain 1178:1203 Influence of the head group, fatty acyl hydroxylation, and length of fatty acyl chain on the oxidative cleavage of double bonds was also observed. 28831744 7 83 theme chain 1199:1203 arg1 group 1141:1145 the head group 1132:1145 the head group 1132:1145 Influence of the head group, fatty acyl hydroxylation, and length of fatty acyl chain on the oxidative cleavage of double bonds was also observed. 28831744 2 84 theme unsaturation 441:452 arg1 location 429:436 the location 425:436 the location of unsaturation 425:452 While the glycan head group has been the subject of most studies, there is paucity of reports on the lipid moiety, particularly the location of unsaturation. 28831744 2 84 theme unsaturation 441:452 arg1 paucity 372:378 paucity 372:378 paucity 372:378 While the glycan head group has been the subject of most studies, there is paucity of reports on the lipid moiety, particularly the location of unsaturation. 28831744 7 85 theme fatty 1188:1192 arg1 chain 1199:1203 fatty acyl chain 1188:1203 fatty acyl chain 1188:1203 Influence of the head group, fatty acyl hydroxylation, and length of fatty acyl chain on the oxidative cleavage of double bonds was also observed. 28831744 2 86 theme reports 383:389 arg1 location 429:436 the location 425:436 the location of unsaturation 425:452 While the glycan head group has been the subject of most studies, there is paucity of reports on the lipid moiety, particularly the location of unsaturation. 28831744 2 86 theme reports 383:389 arg1 paucity 372:378 paucity 372:378 paucity 372:378 While the glycan head group has been the subject of most studies, there is paucity of reports on the lipid moiety, particularly the location of unsaturation. 28831744 9 87 theme biomolecules 1740:1751 arg1 determination 1709:1721 de novo structural determination 1690:1721 de novo structural determination of these complex biomolecules 1690:1751 These results highlight the potential of OzID-MS in glycosphingolipids research, which not only provides complementary structural information to existing CID technique but also facilitates de novo structural determination of these complex biomolecules. 28831744 9 88 from research 1572:1579 arg1 potential 1529:1537 the potential 1525:1537 the potential 1525:1537 These results highlight the potential of OzID-MS in glycosphingolipids research, which not only provides complementary structural information to existing CID technique but also facilitates de novo structural determination of these complex biomolecules. 28831744 4 89 theme Resulting 691:699 arg1 spectra 722:728 Resulting high resolution mass spectra 691:728 Resulting high resolution mass spectra 691:728 Resulting high resolution mass spectra facilitated the unambiguous identification of diagnostic OzID product ions. 28831744 7 90 theme oxidative 1212:1220 arg1 cleavage 1222:1229 the oxidative cleavage 1208:1229 the oxidative cleavage of double bonds 1208:1245 Influence of the head group, fatty acyl hydroxylation, and length of fatty acyl chain on the oxidative cleavage of double bonds was also observed. 27462302 3 0 theme urban 1049:1053 arg1 Italians 1066:1073 urban industrial Italians 1049:1073 urban industrial Italians 1049:1073 In order to advance the hypothesis about the possible adaptive nature of this exchange, here we explore specific functional attributes that correspond to the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians. 27462302 1 1 theme subsistence 281:291 arg1 strategies 293:302 the three subsistence strategies 271:302 the three subsistence strategies that describe a trajectory of changes across our recent evolutionary history 271:379 Studies of the gut microbiome variation among human populations revealed the existence of robust compositional and functional layouts matching the three subsistence strategies that describe a trajectory of changes across our recent evolutionary history: hunting and gathering, rural agriculture, and urban post-industrialized agriculture. 27462302 2 2 theme Bifidobacterium 663:677 arg1 acquisition 648:658 the acquisition 644:658 the acquisition of Bifidobacterium 644:677 In particular, beside the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity, the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations is typically characterized by the loss of Treponema and the acquisition of Bifidobacterium as an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem. 27462302 2 2 theme Bifidobacterium 663:677 arg1 loss 622:625 the loss 618:625 the loss of Treponema 618:638 In particular, beside the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity, the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations is typically characterized by the loss of Treponema and the acquisition of Bifidobacterium as an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem. 27462302 5 3 theme plant 1471:1475 arg1 foods 1477:1481 unrefined plant foods 1461:1481 unrefined plant foods 1461:1481 On the other hand, the metagenomic functions assigned to Treponema are more predictive of a capacity to incorporate complex polysaccharides, such as those found in unrefined plant foods, which are consistently incorporated in the Hadza diet. 27462302 1 4 theme human 174:178 arg1 populations 180:190 human populations 174:190 human populations 174:190 Studies of the gut microbiome variation among human populations revealed the existence of robust compositional and functional layouts matching the three subsistence strategies that describe a trajectory of changes across our recent evolutionary history: hunting and gathering, rural agriculture, and urban post-industrialized agriculture. 27462302 6 5 theme metagenome 1586:1595 arg1 functions 1597:1605 the Bifidobacterium metagenome functions 1566:1605 the Bifidobacterium metagenome functions 1566:1605 Finally, unlike Treponema, the Bifidobacterium metagenome functions include genes that permit the establishment of microbe-host immunological cross-talk, suggesting recent co-evolutionary events between the human immune system and Bifidobacterium that are adaptive in the context of agricultural subsistence and sedentary societies. 27462302 6 6 dep system 1759:1764 arg1 the 1742:1744 the 1742:1744 the 1742:1744 Finally, unlike Treponema, the Bifidobacterium metagenome functions include genes that permit the establishment of microbe-host immunological cross-talk, suggesting recent co-evolutionary events between the human immune system and Bifidobacterium that are adaptive in the context of agricultural subsistence and sedentary societies. 27462302 4 7 theme saccharolytic 1174:1186 arg1 functions 1188:1196 saccharolytic functions 1174:1196 saccharolytic functions 1174:1196 According to our findings, Bifidobacterium provides the enteric ecosystem with a diverse panel of saccharolytic functions, well suited to the array of gluco- and galacto-based saccharides that abound in the Western diet. 27462302 2 8 theme industrial 565:574 arg1 populations 576:586 Western industrial populations 557:586 Western industrial populations 557:586 In particular, beside the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity, the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations is typically characterized by the loss of Treponema and the acquisition of Bifidobacterium as an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem. 27462302 1 9 theme robust 218:223 arg1 layouts 254:260 robust compositional and functional layouts 218:260 robust compositional and functional layouts matching the three subsistence strategies that describe a trajectory of changes across our recent evolutionary history 218:379 Studies of the gut microbiome variation among human populations revealed the existence of robust compositional and functional layouts matching the three subsistence strategies that describe a trajectory of changes across our recent evolutionary history: hunting and gathering, rural agriculture, and urban post-industrialized agriculture. 27462302 4 10 theme saccharides 1252:1262 arg1 array 1218:1222 the array 1214:1222 the array of gluco- and galacto-based saccharides that abound in the Western diet 1214:1294 According to our findings, Bifidobacterium provides the enteric ecosystem with a diverse panel of saccharolytic functions, well suited to the array of gluco- and galacto-based saccharides that abound in the Western diet. 27462302 3 11 theme adaptive 804:811 arg1 nature 813:818 the possible adaptive nature 791:818 the possible adaptive nature of this exchange 791:835 In order to advance the hypothesis about the possible adaptive nature of this exchange, here we explore specific functional attributes that correspond to the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians. 27462302 6 12 theme immunological 1667:1679 arg1 cross-talk 1681:1690 microbe-host immunological cross-talk 1654:1690 microbe-host immunological cross-talk 1654:1690 Finally, unlike Treponema, the Bifidobacterium metagenome functions include genes that permit the establishment of microbe-host immunological cross-talk, suggesting recent co-evolutionary events between the human immune system and Bifidobacterium that are adaptive in the context of agricultural subsistence and sedentary societies. 27462302 2 13 theme microbial 729:737 arg1 ecosystem 739:747 the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem 708:747 the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem 708:747 In particular, beside the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity, the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations is typically characterized by the loss of Treponema and the acquisition of Bifidobacterium as an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem. 27462302 1 14 theme post-industrialized 434:452 arg1 agriculture 454:464 urban post-industrialized agriculture 428:464 urban post-industrialized agriculture 428:464 Studies of the gut microbiome variation among human populations revealed the existence of robust compositional and functional layouts matching the three subsistence strategies that describe a trajectory of changes across our recent evolutionary history: hunting and gathering, rural agriculture, and urban post-industrialized agriculture. 27462302 0 15 from Acquisition 89:99 arg1 Microbiome 116:125 the Western Microbiome 104:125 the Western Microbiome 104:125 Variations in the Post-weaning Human Gut Metagenome Profile As Result of Bifidobacterium Acquisition in the Western Microbiome. 27462302 3 16 theme exchange 828:835 arg1 nature 813:818 the possible adaptive nature 791:818 the possible adaptive nature of this exchange 791:835 In order to advance the hypothesis about the possible adaptive nature of this exchange, here we explore specific functional attributes that correspond to the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians. 27462302 1 17 theme gut 143:145 arg1 variation 158:166 the gut microbiome variation 139:166 the gut microbiome variation among human populations 139:190 Studies of the gut microbiome variation among human populations revealed the existence of robust compositional and functional layouts matching the three subsistence strategies that describe a trajectory of changes across our recent evolutionary history: hunting and gathering, rural agriculture, and urban post-industrialized agriculture. 27462302 2 18 theme ecosystem 514:522 arg1 diversity 524:532 ecosystem diversity 514:532 ecosystem diversity 514:532 In particular, beside the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity, the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations is typically characterized by the loss of Treponema and the acquisition of Bifidobacterium as an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem. 27462302 6 19 theme societies 1861:1869 arg1 context 1811:1817 the context 1807:1817 the context of agricultural subsistence and sedentary societies 1807:1869 Finally, unlike Treponema, the Bifidobacterium metagenome functions include genes that permit the establishment of microbe-host immunological cross-talk, suggesting recent co-evolutionary events between the human immune system and Bifidobacterium that are adaptive in the context of agricultural subsistence and sedentary societies. 27462302 3 20 theme functional 863:872 arg1 attributes 874:883 specific functional attributes 854:883 specific functional attributes that correspond to the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians 854:1073 In order to advance the hypothesis about the possible adaptive nature of this exchange, here we explore specific functional attributes that correspond to the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians. 27462302 1 21 theme evolutionary 360:371 arg1 history 373:379 our recent evolutionary history 349:379 our recent evolutionary history 349:379 Studies of the gut microbiome variation among human populations revealed the existence of robust compositional and functional layouts matching the three subsistence strategies that describe a trajectory of changes across our recent evolutionary history: hunting and gathering, rural agriculture, and urban post-industrialized agriculture. 27462302 6 22 theme immune 1752:1757 arg1 system 1759:1764 human immune system 1746:1764 human immune system 1746:1764 Finally, unlike Treponema, the Bifidobacterium metagenome functions include genes that permit the establishment of microbe-host immunological cross-talk, suggesting recent co-evolutionary events between the human immune system and Bifidobacterium that are adaptive in the context of agricultural subsistence and sedentary societies. 27462302 1 23 theme variation 158:166 arg1 Studies 128:134 Studies 128:134 Studies of the gut microbiome variation among human populations 128:190 Studies of the gut microbiome variation among human populations revealed the existence of robust compositional and functional layouts matching the three subsistence strategies that describe a trajectory of changes across our recent evolutionary history: hunting and gathering, rural agriculture, and urban post-industrialized agriculture. 27462302 0 24 from Variations 0:9 arg1 Profile 52:58 the Post-weaning Human Gut Metagenome Profile 14:58 the Post-weaning Human Gut Metagenome Profile 14:58 Variations in the Post-weaning Human Gut Metagenome Profile As Result of Bifidobacterium Acquisition in the Western Microbiome. 27462302 2 25 theme abundant 685:692 arg1 inhabitant 694:703 an abundant inhabitant 682:703 an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem 682:747 In particular, beside the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity, the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations is typically characterized by the loss of Treponema and the acquisition of Bifidobacterium as an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem. 27462302 2 25 theme abundant 685:692 arg1 microbiome 543:552 the gut microbiome 535:552 the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations 535:586 In particular, beside the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity, the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations is typically characterized by the loss of Treponema and the acquisition of Bifidobacterium as an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem. 27462302 0 26 theme Acquisition 89:99 arg1 Result 63:68 Result 63:68 Result of Bifidobacterium Acquisition in the Western Microbiome 63:125 Variations in the Post-weaning Human Gut Metagenome Profile As Result of Bifidobacterium Acquisition in the Western Microbiome. 27462302 3 27 theme Bifidobacterium 953:967 arg1 presence 927:934 the mutually exclusive presence 904:934 the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians 904:1073 In order to advance the hypothesis about the possible adaptive nature of this exchange, here we explore specific functional attributes that correspond to the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians. 27462302 2 28 theme gut 539:541 arg1 inhabitant 694:703 an abundant inhabitant 682:703 an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem 682:747 In particular, beside the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity, the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations is typically characterized by the loss of Treponema and the acquisition of Bifidobacterium as an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem. 27462302 2 28 theme gut 539:541 arg1 microbiome 543:552 the gut microbiome 535:552 the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations 535:586 In particular, beside the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity, the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations is typically characterized by the loss of Treponema and the acquisition of Bifidobacterium as an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem. 27462302 6 29 theme agricultural 1822:1833 arg1 subsistence 1835:1845 agricultural subsistence 1822:1845 agricultural subsistence 1822:1845 Finally, unlike Treponema, the Bifidobacterium metagenome functions include genes that permit the establishment of microbe-host immunological cross-talk, suggesting recent co-evolutionary events between the human immune system and Bifidobacterium that are adaptive in the context of agricultural subsistence and sedentary societies. 27462302 4 30 with ecosystem 1140:1148 arg1 panel 1165:1169 a diverse panel 1155:1169 a diverse panel of saccharolytic functions 1155:1196 According to our findings, Bifidobacterium provides the enteric ecosystem with a diverse panel of saccharolytic functions, well suited to the array of gluco- and galacto-based saccharides that abound in the Western diet. 27462302 3 31 theme Treponema 939:947 arg1 presence 927:934 the mutually exclusive presence 904:934 the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians 904:1073 In order to advance the hypothesis about the possible adaptive nature of this exchange, here we explore specific functional attributes that correspond to the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians. 27462302 6 32 from adaptive 1795:1802 arg1 context 1811:1817 the context 1807:1817 the context of agricultural subsistence and sedentary societies 1807:1869 Finally, unlike Treponema, the Bifidobacterium metagenome functions include genes that permit the establishment of microbe-host immunological cross-talk, suggesting recent co-evolutionary events between the human immune system and Bifidobacterium that are adaptive in the context of agricultural subsistence and sedentary societies. 27462302 2 33 theme post-weaning 712:723 arg1 ecosystem 739:747 the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem 708:747 the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem 708:747 In particular, beside the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity, the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations is typically characterized by the loss of Treponema and the acquisition of Bifidobacterium as an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem. 27462302 5 34 theme complex 1413:1419 arg1 polysaccharides 1421:1435 complex polysaccharides 1413:1435 complex polysaccharides 1413:1435 On the other hand, the metagenomic functions assigned to Treponema are more predictive of a capacity to incorporate complex polysaccharides, such as those found in unrefined plant foods, which are consistently incorporated in the Hadza diet. 27462302 5 34 theme complex 1413:1419 arg1 those 1446:1450 those 1446:1450 those 1446:1450 On the other hand, the metagenomic functions assigned to Treponema are more predictive of a capacity to incorporate complex polysaccharides, such as those found in unrefined plant foods, which are consistently incorporated in the Hadza diet. 27462302 6 35 theme recent 1704:1709 arg1 events 1727:1732 recent co-evolutionary events 1704:1732 recent co-evolutionary events between the human immune system and Bifidobacterium that are adaptive in the context of agricultural subsistence and sedentary societies 1704:1869 Finally, unlike Treponema, the Bifidobacterium metagenome functions include genes that permit the establishment of microbe-host immunological cross-talk, suggesting recent co-evolutionary events between the human immune system and Bifidobacterium that are adaptive in the context of agricultural subsistence and sedentary societies. 27462302 3 36 theme gut 996:998 arg1 data 1012:1015 publically available gut metagenomic data 975:1015 publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians 975:1073 In order to advance the hypothesis about the possible adaptive nature of this exchange, here we explore specific functional attributes that correspond to the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians. 27462302 3 37 from Italians 1066:1073 arg1 data 1012:1015 publically available gut metagenomic data 975:1015 publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians 975:1073 In order to advance the hypothesis about the possible adaptive nature of this exchange, here we explore specific functional attributes that correspond to the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians. 27462302 0 38 theme Human 31:35 arg1 Profile 52:58 the Post-weaning Human Gut Metagenome Profile 14:58 the Post-weaning Human Gut Metagenome Profile 14:58 Variations in the Post-weaning Human Gut Metagenome Profile As Result of Bifidobacterium Acquisition in the Western Microbiome. 27462302 3 39 theme Hadza 1022:1026 arg1 hunter-gatherers 1028:1043 Hadza hunter-gatherers 1022:1043 Hadza hunter-gatherers 1022:1043 In order to advance the hypothesis about the possible adaptive nature of this exchange, here we explore specific functional attributes that correspond to the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians. 27462302 3 40 from hunter-gatherers 1028:1043 arg1 data 1012:1015 publically available gut metagenomic data 975:1015 publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians 975:1073 In order to advance the hypothesis about the possible adaptive nature of this exchange, here we explore specific functional attributes that correspond to the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians. 27462302 0 41 theme Metagenome 41:50 arg1 Profile 52:58 the Post-weaning Human Gut Metagenome Profile 14:58 the Post-weaning Human Gut Metagenome Profile 14:58 Variations in the Post-weaning Human Gut Metagenome Profile As Result of Bifidobacterium Acquisition in the Western Microbiome. 27462302 3 42 dep advance 762:768 arg1 to 759:760 to 759:760 to 759:760 In order to advance the hypothesis about the possible adaptive nature of this exchange, here we explore specific functional attributes that correspond to the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians. 27462302 4 43 theme diverse 1157:1163 arg1 panel 1165:1169 a diverse panel 1155:1169 a diverse panel of saccharolytic functions 1155:1196 According to our findings, Bifidobacterium provides the enteric ecosystem with a diverse panel of saccharolytic functions, well suited to the array of gluco- and galacto-based saccharides that abound in the Western diet. 27462302 5 44 theme unrefined 1461:1469 arg1 foods 1477:1481 unrefined plant foods 1461:1481 unrefined plant foods 1461:1481 On the other hand, the metagenomic functions assigned to Treponema are more predictive of a capacity to incorporate complex polysaccharides, such as those found in unrefined plant foods, which are consistently incorporated in the Hadza diet. 27462302 1 45 theme compositional 225:237 arg1 layouts 254:260 robust compositional and functional layouts 218:260 robust compositional and functional layouts matching the three subsistence strategies that describe a trajectory of changes across our recent evolutionary history 218:379 Studies of the gut microbiome variation among human populations revealed the existence of robust compositional and functional layouts matching the three subsistence strategies that describe a trajectory of changes across our recent evolutionary history: hunting and gathering, rural agriculture, and urban post-industrialized agriculture. 27462302 3 46 theme industrial 1055:1064 arg1 Italians 1066:1073 urban industrial Italians 1049:1073 urban industrial Italians 1049:1073 In order to advance the hypothesis about the possible adaptive nature of this exchange, here we explore specific functional attributes that correspond to the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians. 27462302 5 47 located found 1452:1456 arg1 foods 1477:1481 unrefined plant foods 1461:1481 unrefined plant foods 1461:1481 On the other hand, the metagenomic functions assigned to Treponema are more predictive of a capacity to incorporate complex polysaccharides, such as those found in unrefined plant foods, which are consistently incorporated in the Hadza diet. 27462302 5 47 located found 1452:1456 arg2 those 1446:1450 those 1446:1450 those 1446:1450 On the other hand, the metagenomic functions assigned to Treponema are more predictive of a capacity to incorporate complex polysaccharides, such as those found in unrefined plant foods, which are consistently incorporated in the Hadza diet. 27462302 5 48 theme other 1304:1308 arg1 hand 1310:1313 the other hand 1300:1313 the other hand 1300:1313 On the other hand, the metagenomic functions assigned to Treponema are more predictive of a capacity to incorporate complex polysaccharides, such as those found in unrefined plant foods, which are consistently incorporated in the Hadza diet. 27462302 4 49 theme enteric 1132:1138 arg1 ecosystem 1140:1148 the enteric ecosystem 1128:1148 the enteric ecosystem 1128:1148 According to our findings, Bifidobacterium provides the enteric ecosystem with a diverse panel of saccharolytic functions, well suited to the array of gluco- and galacto-based saccharides that abound in the Western diet. 27462302 0 50 from Microbiome 116:125 arg1 Result 63:68 Result 63:68 Result of Bifidobacterium Acquisition in the Western Microbiome 63:125 Variations in the Post-weaning Human Gut Metagenome Profile As Result of Bifidobacterium Acquisition in the Western Microbiome. 27462302 2 51 theme Treponema 630:638 arg1 acquisition 648:658 the acquisition 644:658 the acquisition of Bifidobacterium 644:677 In particular, beside the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity, the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations is typically characterized by the loss of Treponema and the acquisition of Bifidobacterium as an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem. 27462302 2 51 theme Treponema 630:638 arg1 loss 622:625 the loss 618:625 the loss of Treponema 618:638 In particular, beside the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity, the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations is typically characterized by the loss of Treponema and the acquisition of Bifidobacterium as an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem. 27462302 1 52 theme changes 334:340 arg1 trajectory 320:329 a trajectory 318:329 a trajectory of changes across our recent evolutionary history 318:379 Studies of the gut microbiome variation among human populations revealed the existence of robust compositional and functional layouts matching the three subsistence strategies that describe a trajectory of changes across our recent evolutionary history: hunting and gathering, rural agriculture, and urban post-industrialized agriculture. 27462302 4 53 theme functions 1188:1196 arg1 panel 1165:1169 a diverse panel 1155:1169 a diverse panel of saccharolytic functions 1155:1196 According to our findings, Bifidobacterium provides the enteric ecosystem with a diverse panel of saccharolytic functions, well suited to the array of gluco- and galacto-based saccharides that abound in the Western diet. 27462302 3 54 theme possible 795:802 arg1 nature 813:818 the possible adaptive nature 791:818 the possible adaptive nature of this exchange 791:835 In order to advance the hypothesis about the possible adaptive nature of this exchange, here we explore specific functional attributes that correspond to the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians. 27462302 6 55 theme Bifidobacterium 1570:1584 arg1 functions 1597:1605 the Bifidobacterium metagenome functions 1566:1605 the Bifidobacterium metagenome functions 1566:1605 Finally, unlike Treponema, the Bifidobacterium metagenome functions include genes that permit the establishment of microbe-host immunological cross-talk, suggesting recent co-evolutionary events between the human immune system and Bifidobacterium that are adaptive in the context of agricultural subsistence and sedentary societies. 27462302 2 56 theme populations 576:586 arg1 inhabitant 694:703 an abundant inhabitant 682:703 an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem 682:747 In particular, beside the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity, the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations is typically characterized by the loss of Treponema and the acquisition of Bifidobacterium as an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem. 27462302 2 56 theme populations 576:586 arg1 microbiome 543:552 the gut microbiome 535:552 the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations 535:586 In particular, beside the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity, the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations is typically characterized by the loss of Treponema and the acquisition of Bifidobacterium as an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem. 27462302 1 57 theme rural 405:409 arg1 agriculture 411:421 rural agriculture 405:421 rural agriculture 405:421 Studies of the gut microbiome variation among human populations revealed the existence of robust compositional and functional layouts matching the three subsistence strategies that describe a trajectory of changes across our recent evolutionary history: hunting and gathering, rural agriculture, and urban post-industrialized agriculture. 27462302 2 58 theme Western 557:563 arg1 populations 576:586 Western industrial populations 557:586 Western industrial populations 557:586 In particular, beside the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity, the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations is typically characterized by the loss of Treponema and the acquisition of Bifidobacterium as an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem. 27462302 0 59 from Result 63:68 arg1 Microbiome 116:125 the Western Microbiome 104:125 the Western Microbiome 104:125 Variations in the Post-weaning Human Gut Metagenome Profile As Result of Bifidobacterium Acquisition in the Western Microbiome. 27462302 6 60 theme cross-talk 1681:1690 arg1 establishment 1637:1649 the establishment 1633:1649 the establishment of microbe-host immunological cross-talk 1633:1690 Finally, unlike Treponema, the Bifidobacterium metagenome functions include genes that permit the establishment of microbe-host immunological cross-talk, suggesting recent co-evolutionary events between the human immune system and Bifidobacterium that are adaptive in the context of agricultural subsistence and sedentary societies. 27462302 2 61 theme ecosystem 739:747 arg1 inhabitant 694:703 an abundant inhabitant 682:703 an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem 682:747 In particular, beside the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity, the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations is typically characterized by the loss of Treponema and the acquisition of Bifidobacterium as an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem. 27462302 2 61 theme ecosystem 739:747 arg1 microbiome 543:552 the gut microbiome 535:552 the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations 535:586 In particular, beside the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity, the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations is typically characterized by the loss of Treponema and the acquisition of Bifidobacterium as an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem. 27462302 1 62 theme urban 428:432 arg1 agriculture 454:464 urban post-industrialized agriculture 428:464 urban post-industrialized agriculture 428:464 Studies of the gut microbiome variation among human populations revealed the existence of robust compositional and functional layouts matching the three subsistence strategies that describe a trajectory of changes across our recent evolutionary history: hunting and gathering, rural agriculture, and urban post-industrialized agriculture. 27462302 6 63 theme microbe-host 1654:1665 arg1 cross-talk 1681:1690 microbe-host immunological cross-talk 1654:1690 microbe-host immunological cross-talk 1654:1690 Finally, unlike Treponema, the Bifidobacterium metagenome functions include genes that permit the establishment of microbe-host immunological cross-talk, suggesting recent co-evolutionary events between the human immune system and Bifidobacterium that are adaptive in the context of agricultural subsistence and sedentary societies. 27462302 4 64 theme gluco- 1227:1232 arg1 saccharides 1252:1262 gluco- and galacto-based saccharides 1227:1262 gluco- and galacto-based saccharides that abound in the Western diet 1227:1294 According to our findings, Bifidobacterium provides the enteric ecosystem with a diverse panel of saccharolytic functions, well suited to the array of gluco- and galacto-based saccharides that abound in the Western diet. 27462302 2 65 theme diversity 524:532 arg1 reduction 501:509 the overall reduction 489:509 the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity 489:532 In particular, beside the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity, the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations is typically characterized by the loss of Treponema and the acquisition of Bifidobacterium as an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem. 27462302 4 66 theme galacto-based 1238:1250 arg1 saccharides 1252:1262 gluco- and galacto-based saccharides 1227:1262 gluco- and galacto-based saccharides that abound in the Western diet 1227:1294 According to our findings, Bifidobacterium provides the enteric ecosystem with a diverse panel of saccharolytic functions, well suited to the array of gluco- and galacto-based saccharides that abound in the Western diet. 27462302 0 67 theme Bifidobacterium 73:87 arg1 Acquisition 89:99 Bifidobacterium Acquisition 73:99 Bifidobacterium Acquisition in the Western Microbiome 73:125 Variations in the Post-weaning Human Gut Metagenome Profile As Result of Bifidobacterium Acquisition in the Western Microbiome. 27462302 1 68 theme recent 353:358 arg1 history 373:379 our recent evolutionary history 349:379 our recent evolutionary history 349:379 Studies of the gut microbiome variation among human populations revealed the existence of robust compositional and functional layouts matching the three subsistence strategies that describe a trajectory of changes across our recent evolutionary history: hunting and gathering, rural agriculture, and urban post-industrialized agriculture. 27462302 1 69 theme microbiome 147:156 arg1 variation 158:166 the gut microbiome variation 139:166 the gut microbiome variation among human populations 139:190 Studies of the gut microbiome variation among human populations revealed the existence of robust compositional and functional layouts matching the three subsistence strategies that describe a trajectory of changes across our recent evolutionary history: hunting and gathering, rural agriculture, and urban post-industrialized agriculture. 27462302 6 70 theme sedentary 1851:1859 arg1 societies 1861:1869 sedentary societies 1851:1869 sedentary societies 1851:1869 Finally, unlike Treponema, the Bifidobacterium metagenome functions include genes that permit the establishment of microbe-host immunological cross-talk, suggesting recent co-evolutionary events between the human immune system and Bifidobacterium that are adaptive in the context of agricultural subsistence and sedentary societies. 27462302 5 71 theme metagenomic 1320:1330 arg1 functions 1332:1340 the metagenomic functions 1316:1340 the metagenomic functions assigned to Treponema 1316:1362 On the other hand, the metagenomic functions assigned to Treponema are more predictive of a capacity to incorporate complex polysaccharides, such as those found in unrefined plant foods, which are consistently incorporated in the Hadza diet. 27462302 5 71 theme metagenomic 1320:1330 arg1 predictive 1373:1382 predictive 1373:1382 predictive 1373:1382 On the other hand, the metagenomic functions assigned to Treponema are more predictive of a capacity to incorporate complex polysaccharides, such as those found in unrefined plant foods, which are consistently incorporated in the Hadza diet. 27462302 2 72 dep reduction 501:509 arg1 beside 482:487 beside 482:487 beside 482:487 In particular, beside the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity, the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations is typically characterized by the loss of Treponema and the acquisition of Bifidobacterium as an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem. 27462302 6 73 theme human 1746:1750 arg1 system 1759:1764 human immune system 1746:1764 human immune system 1746:1764 Finally, unlike Treponema, the Bifidobacterium metagenome functions include genes that permit the establishment of microbe-host immunological cross-talk, suggesting recent co-evolutionary events between the human immune system and Bifidobacterium that are adaptive in the context of agricultural subsistence and sedentary societies. 27462302 3 74 theme exclusive 917:925 arg1 presence 927:934 the mutually exclusive presence 904:934 the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians 904:1073 In order to advance the hypothesis about the possible adaptive nature of this exchange, here we explore specific functional attributes that correspond to the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians. 27462302 6 75 from context 1811:1817 arg1 adaptive 1795:1802 adaptive 1795:1802 adaptive 1795:1802 Finally, unlike Treponema, the Bifidobacterium metagenome functions include genes that permit the establishment of microbe-host immunological cross-talk, suggesting recent co-evolutionary events between the human immune system and Bifidobacterium that are adaptive in the context of agricultural subsistence and sedentary societies. 27462302 6 76 theme subsistence 1835:1845 arg1 context 1811:1817 the context 1807:1817 the context of agricultural subsistence and sedentary societies 1807:1869 Finally, unlike Treponema, the Bifidobacterium metagenome functions include genes that permit the establishment of microbe-host immunological cross-talk, suggesting recent co-evolutionary events between the human immune system and Bifidobacterium that are adaptive in the context of agricultural subsistence and sedentary societies. 27462302 5 77 theme capacity 1389:1396 arg1 functions 1332:1340 the metagenomic functions 1316:1340 the metagenomic functions assigned to Treponema 1316:1362 On the other hand, the metagenomic functions assigned to Treponema are more predictive of a capacity to incorporate complex polysaccharides, such as those found in unrefined plant foods, which are consistently incorporated in the Hadza diet. 27462302 5 77 theme capacity 1389:1396 arg1 predictive 1373:1382 predictive 1373:1382 predictive 1373:1382 On the other hand, the metagenomic functions assigned to Treponema are more predictive of a capacity to incorporate complex polysaccharides, such as those found in unrefined plant foods, which are consistently incorporated in the Hadza diet. 27462302 3 78 theme specific 854:861 arg1 attributes 874:883 specific functional attributes 854:883 specific functional attributes that correspond to the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians 854:1073 In order to advance the hypothesis about the possible adaptive nature of this exchange, here we explore specific functional attributes that correspond to the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians. 27462302 0 79 theme Western 108:114 arg1 Microbiome 116:125 the Western Microbiome 104:125 the Western Microbiome 104:125 Variations in the Post-weaning Human Gut Metagenome Profile As Result of Bifidobacterium Acquisition in the Western Microbiome. 27462302 5 80 theme Hadza 1527:1531 arg1 diet 1533:1536 the Hadza diet 1523:1536 the Hadza diet 1523:1536 On the other hand, the metagenomic functions assigned to Treponema are more predictive of a capacity to incorporate complex polysaccharides, such as those found in unrefined plant foods, which are consistently incorporated in the Hadza diet. 27462302 2 81 theme gut 725:727 arg1 ecosystem 739:747 the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem 708:747 the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem 708:747 In particular, beside the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity, the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations is typically characterized by the loss of Treponema and the acquisition of Bifidobacterium as an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem. 27462302 6 82 theme co-evolutionary 1711:1725 arg1 events 1727:1732 recent co-evolutionary events 1704:1732 recent co-evolutionary events between the human immune system and Bifidobacterium that are adaptive in the context of agricultural subsistence and sedentary societies 1704:1869 Finally, unlike Treponema, the Bifidobacterium metagenome functions include genes that permit the establishment of microbe-host immunological cross-talk, suggesting recent co-evolutionary events between the human immune system and Bifidobacterium that are adaptive in the context of agricultural subsistence and sedentary societies. 27462302 0 83 theme Post-weaning 18:29 arg1 Profile 52:58 the Post-weaning Human Gut Metagenome Profile 14:58 the Post-weaning Human Gut Metagenome Profile 14:58 Variations in the Post-weaning Human Gut Metagenome Profile As Result of Bifidobacterium Acquisition in the Western Microbiome. 27462302 3 84 theme metagenomic 1000:1010 arg1 data 1012:1015 publically available gut metagenomic data 975:1015 publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians 975:1073 In order to advance the hypothesis about the possible adaptive nature of this exchange, here we explore specific functional attributes that correspond to the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians. 27462302 0 85 theme Gut 37:39 arg1 Profile 52:58 the Post-weaning Human Gut Metagenome Profile 14:58 the Post-weaning Human Gut Metagenome Profile 14:58 Variations in the Post-weaning Human Gut Metagenome Profile As Result of Bifidobacterium Acquisition in the Western Microbiome. 27462302 3 86 theme available 986:994 arg1 data 1012:1015 publically available gut metagenomic data 975:1015 publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians 975:1073 In order to advance the hypothesis about the possible adaptive nature of this exchange, here we explore specific functional attributes that correspond to the mutually exclusive presence of Treponema and Bifidobacterium using publically available gut metagenomic data from Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban industrial Italians. 27462302 2 87 theme overall 493:499 arg1 reduction 501:509 the overall reduction 489:509 the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity 489:532 In particular, beside the overall reduction of ecosystem diversity, the gut microbiome of Western industrial populations is typically characterized by the loss of Treponema and the acquisition of Bifidobacterium as an abundant inhabitant of the post-weaning gut microbial ecosystem. 27462302 1 88 theme functional 243:252 arg1 layouts 254:260 robust compositional and functional layouts 218:260 robust compositional and functional layouts matching the three subsistence strategies that describe a trajectory of changes across our recent evolutionary history 218:379 Studies of the gut microbiome variation among human populations revealed the existence of robust compositional and functional layouts matching the three subsistence strategies that describe a trajectory of changes across our recent evolutionary history: hunting and gathering, rural agriculture, and urban post-industrialized agriculture. 27462302 4 89 theme Western 1283:1289 arg1 diet 1291:1294 the Western diet 1279:1294 the Western diet 1279:1294 According to our findings, Bifidobacterium provides the enteric ecosystem with a diverse panel of saccharolytic functions, well suited to the array of gluco- and galacto-based saccharides that abound in the Western diet. 27462302 1 90 theme layouts 254:260 arg1 existence 205:213 the existence 201:213 the existence of robust compositional and functional layouts matching the three subsistence strategies that describe a trajectory of changes across our recent evolutionary history 201:379 Studies of the gut microbiome variation among human populations revealed the existence of robust compositional and functional layouts matching the three subsistence strategies that describe a trajectory of changes across our recent evolutionary history: hunting and gathering, rural agriculture, and urban post-industrialized agriculture. 29205189 7 0 from retention 1444:1452 arg1 stability 1497:1505 biofilm stability 1489:1505 biofilm stability 1489:1505 Biofilm compositions study before and after proteinase K treatment indicated that Bap might also be involved in eDNA retention in the biofilm matrix that aids in biofilm stability. 29205189 7 0 from retention 1444:1452 arg1 matrix 1469:1474 the biofilm matrix 1457:1474 the biofilm matrix 1457:1474 Biofilm compositions study before and after proteinase K treatment indicated that Bap might also be involved in eDNA retention in the biofilm matrix that aids in biofilm stability. 29205189 4 1 theme extracellular 624:636 arg1 DNA 638:640 extracellular DNA 624:640 extracellular DNA 624:640 Extracellular polymeric substances were extracted and evaluated for their composition (protein, polysaccharides and extracellular DNA), before and after the proteinase K treatment. 29205189 5 2 theme RESULTS 689:695 arg1 assay 705:709 RESULTS Biofilm assay 689:709 RESULTS Biofilm assay 689:709 RESULTS Biofilm assay showed that 2 μg/ml proteinase K significantly inhibited biofilm development in bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352), but not in bap-mutant M556 and SA392 (a weak biofilm-producing strain). 29205189 7 3 theme proteinase 1371:1380 arg1 treatment 1384:1392 proteinase K treatment 1371:1392 proteinase K treatment 1371:1392 Biofilm compositions study before and after proteinase K treatment indicated that Bap might also be involved in eDNA retention in the biofilm matrix that aids in biofilm stability. 29205189 10 4 theme proteinase 1894:1903 arg1 treatment 1907:1915 proteinase K treatment 1894:1915 proteinase K treatment 1894:1915 An enhanced dispersion of preformed S. aureus biofilms was observed on proteinase K treatment. 29205189 8 5 theme biofilm-forming 1637:1651 arg1 isolates 1663:1670 all biofilm-forming S. aureus isolates 1633:1670 all biofilm-forming S. aureus isolates 1633:1670 When proteinase K was used in combination with antibiotics, a synergistic effect in antibiotic efficacy was observed against all biofilm-forming S. aureus isolates. 29205189 13 6 theme aureus 2121:2126 arg1 biofilms 2128:2135 aureus biofilms 2121:2135 aureus biofilms 2121:2135 aureus biofilms. 29205189 6 7 theme preformed 1130:1138 arg1 biofilms 1140:1147 24 h old preformed biofilms 1121:1147 24 h old preformed biofilms 1121:1147 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 2 8 theme biofilm 304:310 arg1 dispersion 312:321 proteinase-mediated biofilm dispersion 284:321 proteinase-mediated biofilm dispersion in different isolates of S. aureus 284:356 The aim of this study was to investigate proteinase-mediated biofilm dispersion in different isolates of S. aureus. 29205189 1 9 theme Staphylococcus 212:225 arg1 strains 234:240 Staphylococcus aureus strains 212:240 Staphylococcus aureus strains 212:240 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Among cell surface proteins, biofilm-associated protein (Bap) promotes biofilm development in Staphylococcus aureus strains. 29205189 6 10 theme Proteinase 953:962 arg1 K 964:964 Proteinase K 953:964 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells 953:1004 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 7 11 theme Biofilm 1327:1333 arg1 compositions 1335:1346 Biofilm compositions 1327:1346 Biofilm compositions study before and after proteinase K treatment 1327:1392 Biofilm compositions study before and after proteinase K treatment indicated that Bap might also be involved in eDNA retention in the biofilm matrix that aids in biofilm stability. 29205189 4 12 theme proteinase 665:674 arg1 treatment 678:686 the proteinase K treatment 661:686 the proteinase K treatment 661:686 Extracellular polymeric substances were extracted and evaluated for their composition (protein, polysaccharides and extracellular DNA), before and after the proteinase K treatment. 29205189 11 13 theme synergistic 1967:1977 arg1 effect 1979:1984 a synergistic effect 1965:1984 a synergistic effect against S. aureus biofilms 1965:2011 Proteinase K treatment with antibiotics showed a synergistic effect against S. aureus biofilms. 29205189 9 14 theme mastitis 1761:1768 arg1 isolates 1770:1777 S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates 1744:1777 S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates 1744:1777 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Proteinase K inhibited biofilms growth in S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates but did not affect their planktonic growth. 29205189 6 15 theme V329 1195:1198 arg1 dispersion 1168:1177 an enhanced dispersion 1156:1177 an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms 1156:1237 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 10 16 theme preformed 1849:1857 arg1 biofilms 1869:1876 preformed S. aureus biofilms 1849:1876 preformed S. aureus biofilms 1849:1876 An enhanced dispersion of preformed S. aureus biofilms was observed on proteinase K treatment. 29205189 6 17 theme proteinase 1249:1258 arg1 K 1260:1260 proteinase K 1249:1260 proteinase K 1249:1260 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 2 18 from dispersion 312:321 arg1 isolates 336:343 different isolates 326:343 different isolates of S. aureus 326:356 The aim of this study was to investigate proteinase-mediated biofilm dispersion in different isolates of S. aureus. 29205189 9 19 theme INTERPRETATION 1673:1686 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1690:1700 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS 1673:1700 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Proteinase K inhibited biofilms growth in S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates but did not affect their planktonic growth. 1673:1821 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Proteinase K inhibited biofilms growth in S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates but did not affect their planktonic growth. 29205189 5 20 theme biofilm-producing 926:942 arg1 strain 944:949 a weak biofilm-producing strain 919:949 a weak biofilm-producing strain 919:949 RESULTS Biofilm assay showed that 2 μg/ml proteinase K significantly inhibited biofilm development in bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352), but not in bap-mutant M556 and SA392 (a weak biofilm-producing strain). 29205189 5 20 theme biofilm-producing 926:942 arg1 SA392 912:916 SA392 912:916 SA392 (a weak biofilm-producing strain) 912:950 RESULTS Biofilm assay showed that 2 μg/ml proteinase K significantly inhibited biofilm development in bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352), but not in bap-mutant M556 and SA392 (a weak biofilm-producing strain). 29205189 5 21 theme μg/ml 725:729 arg1 K 742:742 2 μg/ml proteinase K 723:742 2 μg/ml proteinase K 723:742 RESULTS Biofilm assay showed that 2 μg/ml proteinase K significantly inhibited biofilm development in bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352), but not in bap-mutant M556 and SA392 (a weak biofilm-producing strain). 29205189 8 22 with combination 1538:1548 arg1 antibiotics 1555:1565 antibiotics 1555:1565 antibiotics 1555:1565 When proteinase K was used in combination with antibiotics, a synergistic effect in antibiotic efficacy was observed against all biofilm-forming S. aureus isolates. 29205189 3 23 theme Biofilm 367:373 arg1 assay 375:379 METHODS Biofilm assay 359:379 METHODS Biofilm assay 359:379 METHODS Biofilm assay was done in 96-well microtitre plate to evaluate the effect of proteinase K on biofilms of bovine mastitis S. Aureus isolates. 29205189 6 24 theme enhanced 1159:1166 arg1 dispersion 1168:1177 an enhanced dispersion 1156:1177 an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms 1156:1237 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 5 25 theme aureus 807:812 arg1 V329 814:817 bap-positive S. aureus V329 791:817 bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352) 791:878 RESULTS Biofilm assay showed that 2 μg/ml proteinase K significantly inhibited biofilm development in bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352), but not in bap-mutant M556 and SA392 (a weak biofilm-producing strain). 29205189 4 26 dep composition 582:592 arg1 DNA 638:640 extracellular DNA 624:640 extracellular DNA 624:640 Extracellular polymeric substances were extracted and evaluated for their composition (protein, polysaccharides and extracellular DNA), before and after the proteinase K treatment. 29205189 4 26 dep composition 582:592 arg1 protein 595:601 protein 595:601 protein 595:601 Extracellular polymeric substances were extracted and evaluated for their composition (protein, polysaccharides and extracellular DNA), before and after the proteinase K treatment. 29205189 4 26 dep composition 582:592 arg1 polysaccharides 604:618 polysaccharides 604:618 polysaccharides 604:618 Extracellular polymeric substances were extracted and evaluated for their composition (protein, polysaccharides and extracellular DNA), before and after the proteinase K treatment. 29205189 7 27 dep compositions 1335:1346 arg1 study 1348:1352 study 1348:1352 study before and after proteinase K treatment 1348:1392 Biofilm compositions study before and after proteinase K treatment indicated that Bap might also be involved in eDNA retention in the biofilm matrix that aids in biofilm stability. 29205189 6 28 theme planktonic 989:998 arg1 cells 1000:1004 S. aureus planktonic cells 979:1004 S. aureus planktonic cells 979:1004 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 1 29 dep OBJECTIVES 107:116 arg1 promotes 180:187 promotes 180:187 promotes biofilm development in Staphylococcus aureus strains 180:240 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Among cell surface proteins, biofilm-associated protein (Bap) promotes biofilm development in Staphylococcus aureus strains. 29205189 5 30 theme bap-mutant 892:901 arg1 M556 903:906 bap-mutant M556 892:906 bap-mutant M556 892:906 RESULTS Biofilm assay showed that 2 μg/ml proteinase K significantly inhibited biofilm development in bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352), but not in bap-mutant M556 and SA392 (a weak biofilm-producing strain). 29205189 6 31 theme S. 979:980 arg1 cells 1000:1004 S. aureus planktonic cells 979:1004 S. aureus planktonic cells 979:1004 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 9 32 theme biofilms 1725:1732 arg1 growth 1734:1739 biofilms growth 1725:1739 biofilms growth 1725:1739 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Proteinase K inhibited biofilms growth in S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates but did not affect their planktonic growth. 29205189 6 33 theme aureus 1295:1300 arg1 M556 1302:1305 the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms 1277:1324 M556 1302:1305 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 8 34 from effect 1582:1587 arg1 efficacy 1603:1610 antibiotic efficacy 1592:1610 antibiotic efficacy 1592:1610 When proteinase K was used in combination with antibiotics, a synergistic effect in antibiotic efficacy was observed against all biofilm-forming S. aureus isolates. 29205189 5 35 theme bap-positive 791:802 arg1 V329 814:817 bap-positive S. aureus V329 791:817 bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352) 791:878 RESULTS Biofilm assay showed that 2 μg/ml proteinase K significantly inhibited biofilm development in bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352), but not in bap-mutant M556 and SA392 (a weak biofilm-producing strain). 29205189 1 36 theme & 105:105 arg1 OBJECTIVES 107:116 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES 94:116 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Among cell surface proteins, biofilm-associated protein (Bap) promotes biofilm development in Staphylococcus aureus strains. 94:241 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Among cell surface proteins, biofilm-associated protein (Bap) promotes biofilm development in Staphylococcus aureus strains. 29205189 6 37 theme growth 1056:1061 arg1 inhibition 1031:1040 no inhibition 1028:1040 no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms 1028:1237 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 9 38 theme aureus 1747:1752 arg1 isolates 1770:1777 S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates 1744:1777 S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates 1744:1777 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Proteinase K inhibited biofilms growth in S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates but did not affect their planktonic growth. 29205189 4 39 theme Extracellular 508:520 arg1 substances 532:541 Extracellular polymeric substances 508:541 Extracellular polymeric substances 508:541 Extracellular polymeric substances were extracted and evaluated for their composition (protein, polysaccharides and extracellular DNA), before and after the proteinase K treatment. 29205189 8 40 dep S. 1653:1654 arg1 aureus 1656:1661 aureus 1656:1661 aureus 1656:1661 When proteinase K was used in combination with antibiotics, a synergistic effect in antibiotic efficacy was observed against all biofilm-forming S. aureus isolates. 29205189 3 41 theme K 455:455 arg1 effect 434:439 the effect 430:439 the effect of proteinase K on biofilms of bovine mastitis S. Aureus isolates 430:505 METHODS Biofilm assay was done in 96-well microtitre plate to evaluate the effect of proteinase K on biofilms of bovine mastitis S. Aureus isolates. 29205189 0 42 theme Staphylococcus 0:13 arg1 removal 30:36 Staphylococcus aureus biofilm removal 0:36 Staphylococcus aureus biofilm removal 0:36 Staphylococcus aureus biofilm removal by targeting biofilm-associated extracellular proteins. 29205189 5 43 theme weak 921:924 arg1 strain 944:949 a weak biofilm-producing strain 919:949 a weak biofilm-producing strain 919:949 RESULTS Biofilm assay showed that 2 μg/ml proteinase K significantly inhibited biofilm development in bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352), but not in bap-mutant M556 and SA392 (a weak biofilm-producing strain). 29205189 5 43 theme weak 921:924 arg1 SA392 912:916 SA392 912:916 SA392 (a weak biofilm-producing strain) 912:950 RESULTS Biofilm assay showed that 2 μg/ml proteinase K significantly inhibited biofilm development in bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352), but not in bap-mutant M556 and SA392 (a weak biofilm-producing strain). 29205189 6 44 theme aureus 982:987 arg1 cells 1000:1004 S. aureus planktonic cells 979:1004 S. aureus planktonic cells 979:1004 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 3 45 theme microtitre 401:410 arg1 plate 412:416 96-well microtitre plate 393:416 96-well microtitre plate 393:416 METHODS Biofilm assay was done in 96-well microtitre plate to evaluate the effect of proteinase K on biofilms of bovine mastitis S. Aureus isolates. 29205189 6 46 from treatment 1108:1116 arg1 biofilms 1140:1147 24 h old preformed biofilms 1121:1147 24 h old preformed biofilms 1121:1147 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 0 47 theme biofilm 22:28 arg1 removal 30:36 Staphylococcus aureus biofilm removal 0:36 Staphylococcus aureus biofilm removal 0:36 Staphylococcus aureus biofilm removal by targeting biofilm-associated extracellular proteins. 29205189 1 48 theme surface 129:135 arg1 proteins 137:144 cell surface proteins 124:144 cell surface proteins 124:144 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Among cell surface proteins, biofilm-associated protein (Bap) promotes biofilm development in Staphylococcus aureus strains. 29205189 3 49 theme bovine 472:477 arg1 isolates 498:505 bovine mastitis S. Aureus isolates 472:505 bovine mastitis S. Aureus isolates 472:505 METHODS Biofilm assay was done in 96-well microtitre plate to evaluate the effect of proteinase K on biofilms of bovine mastitis S. Aureus isolates. 29205189 11 50 with treatment 1931:1939 arg1 antibiotics 1946:1956 antibiotics 1946:1956 antibiotics 1946:1956 Proteinase K treatment with antibiotics showed a synergistic effect against S. aureus biofilms. 29205189 5 51 theme S. 836:837 arg1 isolates 846:853 other S. aureus isolates 830:853 bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352) 791:878 RESULTS Biofilm assay showed that 2 μg/ml proteinase K significantly inhibited biofilm development in bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352), but not in bap-mutant M556 and SA392 (a weak biofilm-producing strain). 29205189 6 52 theme Proteinase 1095:1104 arg1 treatment 1108:1116 Proteinase K treatment 1095:1116 Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms 1095:1147 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 8 53 theme proteinase 1513:1522 arg1 K 1524:1524 proteinase K 1513:1524 proteinase K 1513:1524 When proteinase K was used in combination with antibiotics, a synergistic effect in antibiotic efficacy was observed against all biofilm-forming S. aureus isolates. 29205189 6 54 dep K. 1092:1093 arg1 showed 1149:1154 showed 1149:1154 showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms 1149:1237 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 3 55 theme isolates 498:505 arg1 biofilms 460:467 biofilms 460:467 biofilms of bovine mastitis S. Aureus isolates 460:505 METHODS Biofilm assay was done in 96-well microtitre plate to evaluate the effect of proteinase K on biofilms of bovine mastitis S. Aureus isolates. 29205189 8 56 theme synergistic 1570:1580 arg1 effect 1582:1587 a synergistic effect 1568:1587 a synergistic effect in antibiotic efficacy 1568:1610 When proteinase K was used in combination with antibiotics, a synergistic effect in antibiotic efficacy was observed against all biofilm-forming S. aureus isolates. 29205189 6 57 theme proteinase 1081:1090 arg1 μg/ml 1072:1076 32 μg/ml 1069:1076 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms 1069:1237 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 5 58 theme other 830:834 arg1 isolates 846:853 other S. aureus isolates 830:853 bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352) 791:878 RESULTS Biofilm assay showed that 2 μg/ml proteinase K significantly inhibited biofilm development in bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352), but not in bap-mutant M556 and SA392 (a weak biofilm-producing strain). 29205189 10 59 theme aureus 1862:1867 arg1 biofilms 1869:1876 preformed S. aureus biofilms 1849:1876 preformed S. aureus biofilms 1849:1876 An enhanced dispersion of preformed S. aureus biofilms was observed on proteinase K treatment. 29205189 8 60 used used 1530:1533 arg2 K 1524:1524 proteinase K 1513:1524 proteinase K 1513:1524 When proteinase K was used in combination with antibiotics, a synergistic effect in antibiotic efficacy was observed against all biofilm-forming S. aureus isolates. 29205189 5 61 theme Biofilm 697:703 arg1 assay 705:709 RESULTS Biofilm assay 689:709 RESULTS Biofilm assay 689:709 RESULTS Biofilm assay showed that 2 μg/ml proteinase K significantly inhibited biofilm development in bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352), but not in bap-mutant M556 and SA392 (a weak biofilm-producing strain). 29205189 2 62 theme different 326:334 arg1 isolates 336:343 different isolates 326:343 different isolates of S. aureus 326:356 The aim of this study was to investigate proteinase-mediated biofilm dispersion in different isolates of S. aureus. 29205189 11 63 theme aureus 1997:2002 arg1 biofilms 2004:2011 S. aureus biofilms 1994:2011 S. aureus biofilms 1994:2011 Proteinase K treatment with antibiotics showed a synergistic effect against S. aureus biofilms. 29205189 5 64 dep isolates 846:853 arg1 SA352 873:877 SA352 873:877 SA352 873:877 RESULTS Biofilm assay showed that 2 μg/ml proteinase K significantly inhibited biofilm development in bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352), but not in bap-mutant M556 and SA392 (a weak biofilm-producing strain). 29205189 7 65 theme K 1382:1382 arg1 treatment 1384:1392 proteinase K treatment 1371:1392 proteinase K treatment 1371:1392 Biofilm compositions study before and after proteinase K treatment indicated that Bap might also be involved in eDNA retention in the biofilm matrix that aids in biofilm stability. 29205189 10 66 located observed 1882:1889 arg2 dispersion 1835:1844 An enhanced dispersion 1823:1844 An enhanced dispersion of preformed S. aureus biofilms 1823:1876 An enhanced dispersion of preformed S. aureus biofilms was observed on proteinase K treatment. 29205189 10 66 located observed 1882:1889 arg1 treatment 1907:1915 proteinase K treatment 1894:1915 proteinase K treatment 1894:1915 An enhanced dispersion of preformed S. aureus biofilms was observed on proteinase K treatment. 29205189 1 67 theme biofilm 189:195 arg1 development 197:207 biofilm development 189:207 biofilm development 189:207 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Among cell surface proteins, biofilm-associated protein (Bap) promotes biofilm development in Staphylococcus aureus strains. 29205189 0 68 theme biofilm-associated 51:68 arg1 proteins 84:91 biofilm-associated extracellular proteins 51:91 biofilm-associated extracellular proteins 51:91 Staphylococcus aureus biofilm removal by targeting biofilm-associated extracellular proteins. 29205189 5 69 dep S. 836:837 arg1 aureus 839:844 aureus 839:844 aureus 839:844 RESULTS Biofilm assay showed that 2 μg/ml proteinase K significantly inhibited biofilm development in bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352), but not in bap-mutant M556 and SA392 (a weak biofilm-producing strain). 29205189 6 70 theme old 1126:1128 arg1 biofilms 1140:1147 24 h old preformed biofilms 1121:1147 24 h old preformed biofilms 1121:1147 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 2 71 theme aureus 351:356 arg1 isolates 336:343 different isolates 326:343 different isolates of S. aureus 326:356 The aim of this study was to investigate proteinase-mediated biofilm dispersion in different isolates of S. aureus. 29205189 8 72 theme S. 1653:1654 arg1 isolates 1663:1670 all biofilm-forming S. aureus isolates 1633:1670 all biofilm-forming S. aureus isolates 1633:1670 When proteinase K was used in combination with antibiotics, a synergistic effect in antibiotic efficacy was observed against all biofilm-forming S. aureus isolates. 29205189 6 73 theme K 964:964 arg1 treatment 966:974 Proteinase K treatment 953:974 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells 953:1004 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 5 74 theme proteinase 731:740 arg1 K 742:742 2 μg/ml proteinase K 723:742 2 μg/ml proteinase K 723:742 RESULTS Biofilm assay showed that 2 μg/ml proteinase K significantly inhibited biofilm development in bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352), but not in bap-mutant M556 and SA392 (a weak biofilm-producing strain). 29205189 1 75 theme aureus 227:232 arg1 strains 234:240 Staphylococcus aureus strains 212:240 Staphylococcus aureus strains 212:240 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Among cell surface proteins, biofilm-associated protein (Bap) promotes biofilm development in Staphylococcus aureus strains. 29205189 10 76 theme K 1905:1905 arg1 treatment 1907:1915 proteinase K treatment 1894:1915 proteinase K treatment 1894:1915 An enhanced dispersion of preformed S. aureus biofilms was observed on proteinase K treatment. 29205189 9 77 dep CONCLUSIONS 1690:1700 arg1 inhibited 1715:1723 inhibited 1715:1723 inhibited biofilms growth in S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates 1715:1777 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Proteinase K inhibited biofilms growth in S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates but did not affect their planktonic growth. 29205189 9 77 dep CONCLUSIONS 1690:1700 arg1 affect 1791:1796 affect 1791:1796 did not affect their planktonic growth 1783:1820 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Proteinase K inhibited biofilms growth in S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates but did not affect their planktonic growth. 29205189 2 78 theme study 259:263 arg1 aim 247:249 The aim 243:249 The aim of this study 243:263 The aim of this study was to investigate proteinase-mediated biofilm dispersion in different isolates of S. aureus. 29205189 4 79 theme K 676:676 arg1 treatment 678:686 the proteinase K treatment 661:686 the proteinase K treatment 661:686 Extracellular polymeric substances were extracted and evaluated for their composition (protein, polysaccharides and extracellular DNA), before and after the proteinase K treatment. 29205189 6 80 theme bap-positive 1182:1193 arg1 V329 1195:1198 bap-positive V329 1182:1198 bap-positive V329 1182:1198 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 2 81 theme proteinase-mediated 284:302 arg1 dispersion 312:321 proteinase-mediated biofilm dispersion 284:321 proteinase-mediated biofilm dispersion in different isolates of S. aureus 284:356 The aim of this study was to investigate proteinase-mediated biofilm dispersion in different isolates of S. aureus. 29205189 1 82 theme biofilm-associated 147:164 arg1 Bap 175:177 Bap 175:177 Bap 175:177 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Among cell surface proteins, biofilm-associated protein (Bap) promotes biofilm development in Staphylococcus aureus strains. 29205189 1 82 theme biofilm-associated 147:164 arg1 protein 166:172 biofilm-associated protein 147:172 biofilm-associated protein (Bap) 147:178 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Among cell surface proteins, biofilm-associated protein (Bap) promotes biofilm development in Staphylococcus aureus strains. 29205189 9 83 theme & 1688:1688 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1690:1700 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS 1673:1700 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Proteinase K inhibited biofilms growth in S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates but did not affect their planktonic growth. 1673:1821 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Proteinase K inhibited biofilms growth in S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates but did not affect their planktonic growth. 29205189 5 84 theme S. 804:805 arg1 V329 814:817 bap-positive S. aureus V329 791:817 bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352) 791:878 RESULTS Biofilm assay showed that 2 μg/ml proteinase K significantly inhibited biofilm development in bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352), but not in bap-mutant M556 and SA392 (a weak biofilm-producing strain). 29205189 11 85 theme K 1929:1929 arg1 treatment 1931:1939 Proteinase K treatment 1918:1939 Proteinase K treatment with antibiotics 1918:1956 Proteinase K treatment with antibiotics showed a synergistic effect against S. aureus biofilms. 29205189 9 86 theme Proteinase 1702:1711 arg1 K 1713:1713 Proteinase K 1702:1713 Proteinase K 1702:1713 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Proteinase K inhibited biofilms growth in S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates but did not affect their planktonic growth. 29205189 6 87 theme SA392 1311:1315 arg1 biofilms 1317:1324 the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms 1277:1324 biofilms 1317:1324 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 3 88 from effect 434:439 arg1 biofilms 460:467 biofilms 460:467 biofilms of bovine mastitis S. Aureus isolates 460:505 METHODS Biofilm assay was done in 96-well microtitre plate to evaluate the effect of proteinase K on biofilms of bovine mastitis S. Aureus isolates. 29205189 7 89 theme biofilm 1489:1495 arg1 stability 1497:1505 biofilm stability 1489:1505 biofilm stability 1489:1505 Biofilm compositions study before and after proteinase K treatment indicated that Bap might also be involved in eDNA retention in the biofilm matrix that aids in biofilm stability. 29205189 3 90 theme METHODS 359:365 arg1 assay 375:379 METHODS Biofilm assay 359:379 METHODS Biofilm assay 359:379 METHODS Biofilm assay was done in 96-well microtitre plate to evaluate the effect of proteinase K on biofilms of bovine mastitis S. Aureus isolates. 29205189 5 91 theme biofilm 768:774 arg1 development 776:786 biofilm development 768:786 biofilm development 768:786 RESULTS Biofilm assay showed that 2 μg/ml proteinase K significantly inhibited biofilm development in bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352), but not in bap-mutant M556 and SA392 (a weak biofilm-producing strain). 29205189 3 92 theme 96-well 393:399 arg1 plate 412:416 96-well microtitre plate 393:416 96-well microtitre plate 393:416 METHODS Biofilm assay was done in 96-well microtitre plate to evaluate the effect of proteinase K on biofilms of bovine mastitis S. Aureus isolates. 29205189 6 93 theme S. 1292:1293 arg1 M556 1302:1305 the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms 1277:1324 M556 1302:1305 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 1 94 theme BACKGROUND 94:103 arg1 OBJECTIVES 107:116 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES 94:116 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Among cell surface proteins, biofilm-associated protein (Bap) promotes biofilm development in Staphylococcus aureus strains. 94:241 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Among cell surface proteins, biofilm-associated protein (Bap) promotes biofilm development in Staphylococcus aureus strains. 29205189 9 95 theme S. 1744:1745 arg1 isolates 1770:1777 S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates 1744:1777 S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates 1744:1777 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Proteinase K inhibited biofilms growth in S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates but did not affect their planktonic growth. 29205189 4 96 theme polymeric 522:530 arg1 substances 532:541 Extracellular polymeric substances 508:541 Extracellular polymeric substances 508:541 Extracellular polymeric substances were extracted and evaluated for their composition (protein, polysaccharides and extracellular DNA), before and after the proteinase K treatment. 29205189 6 97 from treatment 966:974 arg1 cells 1000:1004 S. aureus planktonic cells 979:1004 S. aureus planktonic cells 979:1004 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 0 98 theme aureus 15:20 arg1 removal 30:36 Staphylococcus aureus biofilm removal 0:36 Staphylococcus aureus biofilm removal 0:36 Staphylococcus aureus biofilm removal by targeting biofilm-associated extracellular proteins. 29205189 6 99 theme planktonic 1045:1054 arg1 growth 1056:1061 planktonic growth 1045:1061 planktonic growth 1045:1061 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 9 100 theme bovine 1754:1759 arg1 isolates 1770:1777 S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates 1744:1777 S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates 1744:1777 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Proteinase K inhibited biofilms growth in S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates but did not affect their planktonic growth. 29205189 1 101 theme cell 124:127 arg1 proteins 137:144 cell surface proteins 124:144 cell surface proteins 124:144 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Among cell surface proteins, biofilm-associated protein (Bap) promotes biofilm development in Staphylococcus aureus strains. 29205189 3 102 theme Aureus 491:496 arg1 isolates 498:505 bovine mastitis S. Aureus isolates 472:505 bovine mastitis S. Aureus isolates 472:505 METHODS Biofilm assay was done in 96-well microtitre plate to evaluate the effect of proteinase K on biofilms of bovine mastitis S. Aureus isolates. 29205189 3 103 theme proteinase 444:453 arg1 K 455:455 proteinase K 444:455 proteinase K 444:455 METHODS Biofilm assay was done in 96-well microtitre plate to evaluate the effect of proteinase K on biofilms of bovine mastitis S. Aureus isolates. 29205189 6 104 theme bap-mutant 1281:1290 arg1 M556 1302:1305 the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms 1277:1324 M556 1302:1305 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 0 105 theme extracellular 70:82 arg1 proteins 84:91 biofilm-associated extracellular proteins 51:91 biofilm-associated extracellular proteins 51:91 Staphylococcus aureus biofilm removal by targeting biofilm-associated extracellular proteins. 29205189 7 106 theme biofilm 1461:1467 arg1 matrix 1469:1474 the biofilm matrix 1457:1474 the biofilm matrix 1457:1474 Biofilm compositions study before and after proteinase K treatment indicated that Bap might also be involved in eDNA retention in the biofilm matrix that aids in biofilm stability. 29205189 6 107 theme K 1106:1106 arg1 treatment 1108:1116 Proteinase K treatment 1095:1116 Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms 1095:1147 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 6 108 dep μg/ml 1072:1076 arg1 up 1063:1064 up 1063:1064 up 1063:1064 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 6 109 theme biofilms 1230:1237 arg1 dispersion 1168:1177 an enhanced dispersion 1156:1177 an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms 1156:1237 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 12 110 dep devising 2091:2098 arg1 againstS 2111:2118 againstS 2111:2118 devising strategies againstS 2091:2118 The study suggests that dispersing S. aureus by protease can be of use while devising strategies againstS. 29205189 11 111 theme Proteinase 1918:1927 arg1 treatment 1931:1939 Proteinase K treatment 1918:1939 Proteinase K treatment with antibiotics 1918:1956 Proteinase K treatment with antibiotics showed a synergistic effect against S. aureus biofilms. 29205189 9 112 theme planktonic 1804:1813 arg1 growth 1815:1820 their planktonic growth 1798:1820 their planktonic growth 1798:1820 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Proteinase K inhibited biofilms growth in S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates but did not affect their planktonic growth. 29205189 10 113 theme enhanced 1826:1833 arg1 dispersion 1835:1844 An enhanced dispersion 1823:1844 An enhanced dispersion of preformed S. aureus biofilms 1823:1876 An enhanced dispersion of preformed S. aureus biofilms was observed on proteinase K treatment. 29205189 6 114 dep proteinase 1081:1090 arg1 K. 1092:1093 K. 1092:1093 K. 1092:1093 Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. 29205189 8 115 theme antibiotic 1592:1601 arg1 efficacy 1603:1610 antibiotic efficacy 1592:1610 antibiotic efficacy 1592:1610 When proteinase K was used in combination with antibiotics, a synergistic effect in antibiotic efficacy was observed against all biofilm-forming S. aureus isolates. 29205189 7 116 theme eDNA 1439:1442 arg1 retention 1444:1452 eDNA retention 1439:1452 eDNA retention in the biofilm matrix that aids in biofilm stability 1439:1505 Biofilm compositions study before and after proteinase K treatment indicated that Bap might also be involved in eDNA retention in the biofilm matrix that aids in biofilm stability. 29205189 10 117 theme biofilms 1869:1876 arg1 dispersion 1835:1844 An enhanced dispersion 1823:1844 An enhanced dispersion of preformed S. aureus biofilms 1823:1876 An enhanced dispersion of preformed S. aureus biofilms was observed on proteinase K treatment. 28509854 4 0 theme cytokines 928:936 arg1 expression 882:891 the expression 878:891 the expression of pro-inflammatory meditators and cytokines 878:936 Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of pro-inflammatory meditators and cytokines was measured at the transcriptional and translational levels. 28509854 3 1 theme chemical 734:741 arg1 composition 743:753 the chemical composition 730:753 the chemical composition of MHP 730:760 The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) was used to analyze the chemical composition of MHP. 28509854 8 2 theme expression 1440:1449 arg1 levels 1451:1456 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels 1402:1456 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 1402:1512 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were also suppressed by MHP and linarin. 28509854 9 3 theme LPS-induced 1620:1630 arg1 content 1648:1654 LPS-induced phosphorylation content 1620:1654 LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 1620:1782 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 4 4 link enzyme-linked 773:785 arg1 ELISA 808:812 ELISA 808:812 ELISA 808:812 Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of pro-inflammatory meditators and cytokines was measured at the transcriptional and translational levels. 28509854 4 4 link enzyme-linked 773:785 arg1 assay 801:805 the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 769:805 the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 769:813 Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of pro-inflammatory meditators and cytokines was measured at the transcriptional and translational levels. 28509854 11 5 from effect 1938:1943 arg1 production 1989:1998 pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production 1948:1998 pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production 1948:1998 These results suggested that MHP and linarin exerted a potent inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production via the inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs, and they may serve as potential modulatory agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. 28509854 1 6 theme traditional 281:291 arg1 medicine 301:308 a traditional Chinese medicine 279:308 a traditional Chinese medicine with its anti-inflammation properties 279:346 Mentha haplocalyx has been widely used for its flavoring and medicinal properties and as a traditional Chinese medicine with its anti-inflammation properties. 28509854 1 6 theme traditional 281:291 arg1 haplocalyx 197:206 Mentha haplocalyx 190:206 Mentha haplocalyx 190:206 Mentha haplocalyx has been widely used for its flavoring and medicinal properties and as a traditional Chinese medicine with its anti-inflammation properties. 28509854 10 7 theme phosphorylated 1845:1858 arg1 Akt 1860:1862 the phosphorylated Akt 1841:1862 the phosphorylated Akt 1841:1862 However, MHP and linarin showed no inhibitory effect on the phosphorylated Akt. 28509854 9 8 theme NH₂-terminal 1749:1760 arg1 kinase 1762:1767 c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase 1743:1767 c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK) 1743:1773 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 9 8 theme NH₂-terminal 1749:1760 arg1 JNK 1770:1772 JNK 1770:1772 JNK 1770:1772 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 9 8 theme NH₂-terminal 1749:1760 arg1 p65 1665:1667 NF-κB p65 1659:1667 NF-κB p65 1659:1667 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 4 9 theme meditators 913:922 arg1 expression 882:891 the expression 878:891 the expression of pro-inflammatory meditators and cytokines 878:936 Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of pro-inflammatory meditators and cytokines was measured at the transcriptional and translational levels. 28509854 10 10 theme inhibitory 1820:1829 arg1 effect 1831:1836 no inhibitory effect 1817:1836 no inhibitory effect on the phosphorylated Akt 1817:1862 However, MHP and linarin showed no inhibitory effect on the phosphorylated Akt. 28509854 6 11 theme /MS 1273:1275 arg1 analysis 1277:1284 the mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis 1247:1284 the mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis 1247:1284 Fourteen phenolic constituents were identified from MHP based on the data of the mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis. 28509854 1 12 with medicine 301:308 arg1 properties 337:346 its anti-inflammation properties 315:346 its anti-inflammation properties 315:346 Mentha haplocalyx has been widely used for its flavoring and medicinal properties and as a traditional Chinese medicine with its anti-inflammation properties. 28509854 0 13 theme NF-κB 128:132 arg1 Inactivation 112:123 Inactivation 112:123 Inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells 112:187 The Phenolic Fraction of Mentha haplocalyx and Its Constituent Linarin Ameliorate Inflammatory Response through Inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells. 28509854 3 14 theme high-performance 592:607 arg1 chromatography 616:629 The high-performance liquid chromatography 588:629 The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) 588:708 The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) was used to analyze the chemical composition of MHP. 28509854 2 15 theme RAW264.7 572:579 arg1 cells 581:585 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 539:585 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 539:585 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 0 16 theme MAPKs 138:142 arg1 Inactivation 112:123 Inactivation 112:123 Inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells 112:187 The Phenolic Fraction of Mentha haplocalyx and Its Constituent Linarin Ameliorate Inflammatory Response through Inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells. 28509854 3 17 theme ion 651:653 arg1 spectrometry 674:685 linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry 644:685 linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) 644:708 The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) was used to analyze the chemical composition of MHP. 28509854 3 17 theme ion 651:653 arg1 MS 706:707 HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS 688:707 HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS 688:707 The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) was used to analyze the chemical composition of MHP. 28509854 11 18 theme NF-κB 2024:2028 arg1 inactivation 2008:2019 the inactivation 2004:2019 the inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs 2004:2038 These results suggested that MHP and linarin exerted a potent inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production via the inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs, and they may serve as potential modulatory agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. 28509854 2 19 from linarin 528:534 arg1 cells 581:585 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 539:585 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 539:585 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 1 20 used used 224:227 arg2 medicine 301:308 a traditional Chinese medicine 279:308 a traditional Chinese medicine with its anti-inflammation properties 279:346 Mentha haplocalyx has been widely used for its flavoring and medicinal properties and as a traditional Chinese medicine with its anti-inflammation properties. 28509854 1 20 used used 224:227 arg2 haplocalyx 197:206 Mentha haplocalyx 190:206 Mentha haplocalyx 190:206 Mentha haplocalyx has been widely used for its flavoring and medicinal properties and as a traditional Chinese medicine with its anti-inflammation properties. 28509854 0 21 theme Lipopolysaccharide-Induced 147:172 arg1 Cells 183:187 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells 147:187 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells 147:187 The Phenolic Fraction of Mentha haplocalyx and Its Constituent Linarin Ameliorate Inflammatory Response through Inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells. 28509854 11 22 theme MAPKs 2034:2038 arg1 inactivation 2008:2019 the inactivation 2004:2019 the inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs 2004:2038 These results suggested that MHP and linarin exerted a potent inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production via the inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs, and they may serve as potential modulatory agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. 28509854 0 23 from Inactivation 112:123 arg1 Cells 183:187 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells 147:187 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells 147:187 The Phenolic Fraction of Mentha haplocalyx and Its Constituent Linarin Ameliorate Inflammatory Response through Inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells. 28509854 6 24 theme mass 1251:1254 arg1 MS 1270:1271 MS 1270:1271 MS 1270:1271 Fourteen phenolic constituents were identified from MHP based on the data of the mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis. 28509854 6 24 theme mass 1251:1254 arg1 spectrometry 1256:1267 mass spectrometry 1251:1267 the mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis 1247:1284 Fourteen phenolic constituents were identified from MHP based on the data of the mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis. 28509854 4 25 theme enzyme-linked 773:785 arg1 ELISA 808:812 ELISA 808:812 ELISA 808:812 Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of pro-inflammatory meditators and cytokines was measured at the transcriptional and translational levels. 28509854 4 25 theme enzyme-linked 773:785 arg1 assay 801:805 the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 769:805 the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 769:813 Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of pro-inflammatory meditators and cytokines was measured at the transcriptional and translational levels. 28509854 5 26 theme mitogen-activated 1101:1117 arg1 MAPK 1135:1138 MAPK 1135:1138 MAPK 1135:1138 Western blot analysis was used to further investigate changes in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt signaling pathways. 28509854 5 26 theme mitogen-activated 1101:1117 arg1 kinase 1127:1132 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1101:1132 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1101:1139 Western blot analysis was used to further investigate changes in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt signaling pathways. 28509854 5 27 theme Western 1000:1006 arg1 analysis 1013:1020 Western blot analysis 1000:1020 Western blot analysis 1000:1020 Western blot analysis was used to further investigate changes in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt signaling pathways. 28509854 8 28 theme NO 1471:1472 arg1 iNOS 1484:1487 iNOS 1484:1487 iNOS 1484:1487 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were also suppressed by MHP and linarin. 28509854 8 28 theme NO 1471:1472 arg1 synthase 1474:1481 inducible NO synthase 1461:1481 inducible NO synthase (iNOS) 1461:1488 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were also suppressed by MHP and linarin. 28509854 0 29 theme Constituent 51:61 arg1 Linarin 63:69 Its Constituent Linarin 47:69 Its Constituent Linarin 47:69 The Phenolic Fraction of Mentha haplocalyx and Its Constituent Linarin Ameliorate Inflammatory Response through Inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells. 28509854 3 30 theme mass 669:672 arg1 spectrometry 674:685 linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry 644:685 linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) 644:708 The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) was used to analyze the chemical composition of MHP. 28509854 3 30 theme mass 669:672 arg1 MS 706:707 HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS 688:707 HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS 688:707 The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) was used to analyze the chemical composition of MHP. 28509854 9 31 theme inhibitor 1670:1678 arg1 B 1686:1686 inhibitor kappa B α 1670:1688 inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα) 1670:1695 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 9 31 theme inhibitor 1670:1678 arg1 IκBα 1691:1694 IκBα 1691:1694 IκBα 1691:1694 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 9 31 theme inhibitor 1670:1678 arg1 p65 1665:1667 NF-κB p65 1659:1667 NF-κB p65 1659:1667 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 2 32 theme constituent 516:526 arg1 linarin 528:534 its constituent linarin 512:534 its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 512:585 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 8 33 theme TNF-α 1491:1495 arg1 levels 1451:1456 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels 1402:1456 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 1402:1512 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were also suppressed by MHP and linarin. 28509854 11 34 dep prevention 2099:2108 arg1 the 2095:2097 the 2095:2097 the 2095:2097 These results suggested that MHP and linarin exerted a potent inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production via the inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs, and they may serve as potential modulatory agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. 28509854 4 35 theme realtime 832:839 arg1 reaction 858:865 quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction 819:865 quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) 819:875 Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of pro-inflammatory meditators and cytokines was measured at the transcriptional and translational levels. 28509854 4 35 theme realtime 832:839 arg1 qRT-PCR 868:874 qRT-PCR 868:874 qRT-PCR 868:874 Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of pro-inflammatory meditators and cytokines was measured at the transcriptional and translational levels. 28509854 2 36 theme molecular 439:447 arg1 mechanisms 449:458 potential molecular mechanisms 429:458 potential molecular mechanisms 429:458 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 5 37 theme Akt 1146:1148 arg1 pathways 1160:1167 Akt signaling pathways 1146:1167 Akt signaling pathways 1146:1167 Western blot analysis was used to further investigate changes in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt signaling pathways. 28509854 11 38 theme cytokines 1979:1987 arg1 production 1989:1998 pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production 1948:1998 pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production 1948:1998 These results suggested that MHP and linarin exerted a potent inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production via the inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs, and they may serve as potential modulatory agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. 28509854 2 39 theme haplocalyx 491:500 arg1 effects 417:423 anti-inflammatory effects 399:423 anti-inflammatory effects 399:423 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 2 39 theme haplocalyx 491:500 arg1 mechanisms 449:458 potential molecular mechanisms 429:458 potential molecular mechanisms 429:458 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 8 40 theme IL-1β 1498:1502 arg1 levels 1451:1456 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels 1402:1456 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 1402:1512 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were also suppressed by MHP and linarin. 28509854 1 41 theme Chinese 293:299 arg1 medicine 301:308 a traditional Chinese medicine 279:308 a traditional Chinese medicine with its anti-inflammation properties 279:346 Mentha haplocalyx has been widely used for its flavoring and medicinal properties and as a traditional Chinese medicine with its anti-inflammation properties. 28509854 1 41 theme Chinese 293:299 arg1 haplocalyx 197:206 Mentha haplocalyx 190:206 Mentha haplocalyx 190:206 Mentha haplocalyx has been widely used for its flavoring and medicinal properties and as a traditional Chinese medicine with its anti-inflammation properties. 28509854 7 42 theme necrosis 1341:1348 arg1 TNF-α 1360:1364 TNF-α 1360:1364 TNF-α 1360:1364 MHP and linarin decreased the production of NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlenkin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. 28509854 7 42 theme necrosis 1341:1348 arg1 factor-α 1350:1357 tumor necrosis factor-α 1335:1357 tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 1335:1365 MHP and linarin decreased the production of NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlenkin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. 28509854 11 43 theme modulatory 2073:2082 arg1 they 2045:2048 they 2045:2048 they 2045:2048 These results suggested that MHP and linarin exerted a potent inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production via the inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs, and they may serve as potential modulatory agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. 28509854 11 43 theme modulatory 2073:2082 arg1 agents 2084:2089 potential modulatory agents 2063:2089 potential modulatory agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases 2063:2147 These results suggested that MHP and linarin exerted a potent inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production via the inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs, and they may serve as potential modulatory agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. 28509854 2 44 theme phenolic 467:474 arg1 fraction 476:483 the phenolic fraction 463:483 the phenolic fraction 463:483 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 0 45 theme Mentha 25:30 arg1 haplocalyx 32:41 Mentha haplocalyx 25:41 Mentha haplocalyx 25:41 The Phenolic Fraction of Mentha haplocalyx and Its Constituent Linarin Ameliorate Inflammatory Response through Inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells. 28509854 1 46 theme anti-inflammation 319:335 arg1 properties 337:346 its anti-inflammation properties 315:346 its anti-inflammation properties 315:346 Mentha haplocalyx has been widely used for its flavoring and medicinal properties and as a traditional Chinese medicine with its anti-inflammation properties. 28509854 3 47 used used 714:717 arg2 chromatography 616:629 The high-performance liquid chromatography 588:629 The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) 588:708 The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) was used to analyze the chemical composition of MHP. 28509854 9 48 theme extracellular 1698:1710 arg1 ERK 1737:1739 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1698:1740 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1698:1740 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 9 48 theme extracellular 1698:1710 arg1 p65 1665:1667 NF-κB p65 1659:1667 NF-κB p65 1659:1667 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 8 49 theme ribonucleic 1416:1426 arg1 mRNA 1434:1437 mRNA 1434:1437 mRNA 1434:1437 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were also suppressed by MHP and linarin. 28509854 8 49 theme ribonucleic 1416:1426 arg1 acid 1428:1431 messenger ribonucleic acid 1406:1431 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 1402:1512 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were also suppressed by MHP and linarin. 28509854 1 50 theme flavoring 237:245 arg1 properties 261:270 its flavoring and medicinal properties 233:270 its flavoring and medicinal properties 233:270 Mentha haplocalyx has been widely used for its flavoring and medicinal properties and as a traditional Chinese medicine with its anti-inflammation properties. 28509854 11 51 theme potent 1920:1925 arg1 effect 1938:1943 a potent inhibitory effect 1918:1943 a potent inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production 1918:1998 These results suggested that MHP and linarin exerted a potent inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production via the inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs, and they may serve as potential modulatory agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. 28509854 0 52 from MAPKs 138:142 arg1 Cells 183:187 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells 147:187 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells 147:187 The Phenolic Fraction of Mentha haplocalyx and Its Constituent Linarin Ameliorate Inflammatory Response through Inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells. 28509854 2 53 theme anti-inflammatory 399:415 arg1 effects 417:423 anti-inflammatory effects 399:423 anti-inflammatory effects 399:423 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 1 54 theme medicinal 251:259 arg1 properties 261:270 its flavoring and medicinal properties 233:270 its flavoring and medicinal properties 233:270 Mentha haplocalyx has been widely used for its flavoring and medicinal properties and as a traditional Chinese medicine with its anti-inflammation properties. 28509854 5 55 theme factor 1077:1082 arg1 B 1090:1090 the nuclear factor kappa B 1065:1090 the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) 1065:1098 Western blot analysis was used to further investigate changes in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt signaling pathways. 28509854 5 55 theme factor 1077:1082 arg1 NF-κB 1093:1097 NF-κB 1093:1097 NF-κB 1093:1097 Western blot analysis was used to further investigate changes in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt signaling pathways. 28509854 2 56 from cells 581:585 arg1 effects 417:423 anti-inflammatory effects 399:423 anti-inflammatory effects 399:423 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 2 56 from cells 581:585 arg1 mechanisms 449:458 potential molecular mechanisms 429:458 potential molecular mechanisms 429:458 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 3 57 theme MHP 758:760 arg1 composition 743:753 the chemical composition 730:753 the chemical composition of MHP 730:760 The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) was used to analyze the chemical composition of MHP. 28509854 5 58 from changes 1054:1060 arg1 B 1090:1090 the nuclear factor kappa B 1065:1090 the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) 1065:1098 Western blot analysis was used to further investigate changes in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt signaling pathways. 28509854 5 58 from changes 1054:1060 arg1 MAPK 1135:1138 MAPK 1135:1138 MAPK 1135:1138 Western blot analysis was used to further investigate changes in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt signaling pathways. 28509854 5 58 from changes 1054:1060 arg1 pathways 1160:1167 Akt signaling pathways 1146:1167 Akt signaling pathways 1146:1167 Western blot analysis was used to further investigate changes in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt signaling pathways. 28509854 5 58 from changes 1054:1060 arg1 kinase 1127:1132 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1101:1132 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1101:1139 Western blot analysis was used to further investigate changes in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt signaling pathways. 28509854 5 58 from changes 1054:1060 arg1 NF-κB 1093:1097 NF-κB 1093:1097 NF-κB 1093:1097 Western blot analysis was used to further investigate changes in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt signaling pathways. 28509854 9 59 theme NF-κB 1659:1663 arg1 kinase 1762:1767 c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase 1743:1767 c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK) 1743:1773 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 9 59 theme NF-κB 1659:1663 arg1 ERK 1737:1739 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1698:1740 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1698:1740 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 9 59 theme NF-κB 1659:1663 arg1 p38 1780:1782 p38 1780:1782 p38 1780:1782 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 9 59 theme NF-κB 1659:1663 arg1 B 1686:1686 inhibitor kappa B α 1670:1688 inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα) 1670:1695 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 9 59 theme NF-κB 1659:1663 arg1 p65 1665:1667 NF-κB p65 1659:1667 NF-κB p65 1659:1667 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 0 60 from Cells 183:187 arg1 Inactivation 112:123 Inactivation 112:123 Inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells 112:187 The Phenolic Fraction of Mentha haplocalyx and Its Constituent Linarin Ameliorate Inflammatory Response through Inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells. 28509854 11 61 theme inhibitory 1927:1936 arg1 effect 1938:1943 a potent inhibitory effect 1918:1943 a potent inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production 1918:1998 These results suggested that MHP and linarin exerted a potent inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production via the inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs, and they may serve as potential modulatory agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. 28509854 11 62 theme meditator 1965:1973 arg1 production 1989:1998 pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production 1948:1998 pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production 1948:1998 These results suggested that MHP and linarin exerted a potent inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production via the inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs, and they may serve as potential modulatory agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. 28509854 9 63 theme phosphorylation 1632:1646 arg1 content 1648:1654 LPS-induced phosphorylation content 1620:1654 LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 1620:1782 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 9 64 theme kappa 1680:1684 arg1 B 1686:1686 inhibitor kappa B α 1670:1688 inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα) 1670:1695 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 9 64 theme kappa 1680:1684 arg1 IκBα 1691:1694 IκBα 1691:1694 IκBα 1691:1694 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 9 64 theme kappa 1680:1684 arg1 p65 1665:1667 NF-κB p65 1659:1667 NF-κB p65 1659:1667 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 1 65 theme Mentha 190:195 arg1 haplocalyx 197:206 Mentha haplocalyx 190:206 Mentha haplocalyx 190:206 Mentha haplocalyx has been widely used for its flavoring and medicinal properties and as a traditional Chinese medicine with its anti-inflammation properties. 28509854 1 65 theme Mentha 190:195 arg1 medicine 301:308 a traditional Chinese medicine 279:308 a traditional Chinese medicine with its anti-inflammation properties 279:346 Mentha haplocalyx has been widely used for its flavoring and medicinal properties and as a traditional Chinese medicine with its anti-inflammation properties. 28509854 11 66 theme potential 2063:2071 arg1 they 2045:2048 they 2045:2048 they 2045:2048 These results suggested that MHP and linarin exerted a potent inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production via the inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs, and they may serve as potential modulatory agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. 28509854 11 66 theme potential 2063:2071 arg1 agents 2084:2089 potential modulatory agents 2063:2089 potential modulatory agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases 2063:2147 These results suggested that MHP and linarin exerted a potent inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production via the inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs, and they may serve as potential modulatory agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. 28509854 11 67 theme diseases 2140:2147 arg1 treatment 2114:2122 treatment 2114:2122 treatment 2114:2122 These results suggested that MHP and linarin exerted a potent inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production via the inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs, and they may serve as potential modulatory agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. 28509854 11 67 theme diseases 2140:2147 arg1 prevention 2099:2108 prevention 2099:2108 prevention 2099:2108 These results suggested that MHP and linarin exerted a potent inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production via the inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs, and they may serve as potential modulatory agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. 28509854 6 68 theme analysis 1277:1284 arg1 data 1239:1242 the data 1235:1242 the data of the mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis 1235:1284 Fourteen phenolic constituents were identified from MHP based on the data of the mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis. 28509854 3 69 theme liquid 609:614 arg1 chromatography 616:629 The high-performance liquid chromatography 588:629 The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) 588:708 The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) was used to analyze the chemical composition of MHP. 28509854 4 70 theme pro-inflammatory 896:911 arg1 meditators 913:922 pro-inflammatory meditators 896:922 pro-inflammatory meditators 896:922 Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of pro-inflammatory meditators and cytokines was measured at the transcriptional and translational levels. 28509854 10 71 from effect 1831:1836 arg1 Akt 1860:1862 the phosphorylated Akt 1841:1862 the phosphorylated Akt 1841:1862 However, MHP and linarin showed no inhibitory effect on the phosphorylated Akt. 28509854 4 72 theme translational 978:990 arg1 levels 992:997 the transcriptional and translational levels 954:997 the transcriptional and translational levels 954:997 Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of pro-inflammatory meditators and cytokines was measured at the transcriptional and translational levels. 28509854 9 73 theme p65 1665:1667 arg1 content 1648:1654 LPS-induced phosphorylation content 1620:1654 LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 1620:1782 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 3 74 theme linear 644:649 arg1 spectrometry 674:685 linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry 644:685 linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) 644:708 The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) was used to analyze the chemical composition of MHP. 28509854 3 74 theme linear 644:649 arg1 MS 706:707 HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS 688:707 HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS 688:707 The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) was used to analyze the chemical composition of MHP. 28509854 2 75 theme -induced 563:570 arg1 cells 581:585 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 539:585 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 539:585 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 0 76 theme RAW264.7 174:181 arg1 Cells 183:187 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells 147:187 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells 147:187 The Phenolic Fraction of Mentha haplocalyx and Its Constituent Linarin Ameliorate Inflammatory Response through Inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells. 28509854 8 77 theme inducible 1461:1469 arg1 iNOS 1484:1487 iNOS 1484:1487 iNOS 1484:1487 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were also suppressed by MHP and linarin. 28509854 8 77 theme inducible 1461:1469 arg1 synthase 1474:1481 inducible NO synthase 1461:1481 inducible NO synthase (iNOS) 1461:1488 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were also suppressed by MHP and linarin. 28509854 6 78 theme spectrometry 1256:1267 arg1 analysis 1277:1284 the mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis 1247:1284 the mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis 1247:1284 Fourteen phenolic constituents were identified from MHP based on the data of the mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis. 28509854 4 79 theme chain 852:856 arg1 reaction 858:865 quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction 819:865 quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) 819:875 Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of pro-inflammatory meditators and cytokines was measured at the transcriptional and translational levels. 28509854 4 79 theme chain 852:856 arg1 qRT-PCR 868:874 qRT-PCR 868:874 qRT-PCR 868:874 Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of pro-inflammatory meditators and cytokines was measured at the transcriptional and translational levels. 28509854 4 80 theme transcriptional 958:972 arg1 levels 992:997 the transcriptional and translational levels 954:997 the transcriptional and translational levels 954:997 Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of pro-inflammatory meditators and cytokines was measured at the transcriptional and translational levels. 28509854 8 81 theme synthase 1474:1481 arg1 levels 1451:1456 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels 1402:1456 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 1402:1512 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were also suppressed by MHP and linarin. 28509854 0 82 theme Linarin 63:69 arg1 Fraction 13:20 The Phenolic Fraction 0:20 The Phenolic Fraction of Mentha haplocalyx and Its Constituent Linarin 0:69 The Phenolic Fraction of Mentha haplocalyx and Its Constituent Linarin Ameliorate Inflammatory Response through Inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells. 28509854 5 83 theme protein 1119:1125 arg1 MAPK 1135:1138 MAPK 1135:1138 MAPK 1135:1138 Western blot analysis was used to further investigate changes in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt signaling pathways. 28509854 5 83 theme protein 1119:1125 arg1 kinase 1127:1132 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1101:1132 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1101:1139 Western blot analysis was used to further investigate changes in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt signaling pathways. 28509854 3 84 theme trap-orbitrap 655:667 arg1 spectrometry 674:685 linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry 644:685 linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) 644:708 The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) was used to analyze the chemical composition of MHP. 28509854 3 84 theme trap-orbitrap 655:667 arg1 MS 706:707 HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS 688:707 HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS 688:707 The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) was used to analyze the chemical composition of MHP. 28509854 2 85 theme linarin 528:534 arg1 effects 417:423 anti-inflammatory effects 399:423 anti-inflammatory effects 399:423 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 2 85 theme linarin 528:534 arg1 mechanisms 449:458 potential molecular mechanisms 429:458 potential molecular mechanisms 429:458 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 11 86 theme inflammatory 2127:2138 arg1 diseases 2140:2147 inflammatory diseases 2127:2147 inflammatory diseases 2127:2147 These results suggested that MHP and linarin exerted a potent inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production via the inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs, and they may serve as potential modulatory agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. 28509854 0 87 theme Inflammatory 82:93 arg1 Response 95:102 Inflammatory Response 82:102 Inflammatory Response 82:102 The Phenolic Fraction of Mentha haplocalyx and Its Constituent Linarin Ameliorate Inflammatory Response through Inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells. 28509854 9 88 theme kinase 1729:1734 arg1 ERK 1737:1739 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1698:1740 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1698:1740 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 9 88 theme kinase 1729:1734 arg1 p65 1665:1667 NF-κB p65 1659:1667 NF-κB p65 1659:1667 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 2 89 from haplocalyx 491:500 arg1 cells 581:585 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 539:585 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 539:585 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 8 90 theme messenger 1406:1414 arg1 mRNA 1434:1437 mRNA 1434:1437 mRNA 1434:1437 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were also suppressed by MHP and linarin. 28509854 8 90 theme messenger 1406:1414 arg1 acid 1428:1431 messenger ribonucleic acid 1406:1431 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 1402:1512 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were also suppressed by MHP and linarin. 28509854 11 91 theme pro-inflammatory 1948:1963 arg1 production 1989:1998 pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production 1948:1998 pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production 1948:1998 These results suggested that MHP and linarin exerted a potent inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production via the inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs, and they may serve as potential modulatory agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. 28509854 2 92 dep effects 417:423 arg1 the 395:397 the 395:397 the 395:397 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 0 93 from NF-κB 128:132 arg1 Cells 183:187 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells 147:187 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells 147:187 The Phenolic Fraction of Mentha haplocalyx and Its Constituent Linarin Ameliorate Inflammatory Response through Inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells. 28509854 4 94 theme quantitative 819:830 arg1 reaction 858:865 quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction 819:865 quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) 819:875 Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of pro-inflammatory meditators and cytokines was measured at the transcriptional and translational levels. 28509854 4 94 theme quantitative 819:830 arg1 qRT-PCR 868:874 qRT-PCR 868:874 qRT-PCR 868:874 Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of pro-inflammatory meditators and cytokines was measured at the transcriptional and translational levels. 28509854 2 95 theme potential 429:437 arg1 mechanisms 449:458 potential molecular mechanisms 429:458 potential molecular mechanisms 429:458 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 0 96 theme Phenolic 4:11 arg1 Fraction 13:20 The Phenolic Fraction 0:20 The Phenolic Fraction of Mentha haplocalyx and Its Constituent Linarin 0:69 The Phenolic Fraction of Mentha haplocalyx and Its Constituent Linarin Ameliorate Inflammatory Response through Inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells. 28509854 5 97 theme signaling 1150:1158 arg1 pathways 1160:1167 Akt signaling pathways 1146:1167 Akt signaling pathways 1146:1167 Western blot analysis was used to further investigate changes in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt signaling pathways. 28509854 5 98 theme blot 1008:1011 arg1 analysis 1013:1020 Western blot analysis 1000:1020 Western blot analysis 1000:1020 Western blot analysis was used to further investigate changes in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt signaling pathways. 28509854 7 99 theme tumor 1335:1339 arg1 TNF-α 1360:1364 TNF-α 1360:1364 TNF-α 1360:1364 MHP and linarin decreased the production of NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlenkin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. 28509854 7 99 theme tumor 1335:1339 arg1 factor-α 1350:1357 tumor necrosis factor-α 1335:1357 tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 1335:1365 MHP and linarin decreased the production of NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlenkin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. 28509854 2 100 theme M. 488:489 arg1 MHP 503:505 MHP 503:505 MHP 503:505 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 2 100 theme M. 488:489 arg1 haplocalyx 491:500 M. haplocalyx 488:500 M. haplocalyx (MHP) 488:506 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 8 101 theme IL-6 1509:1512 arg1 levels 1451:1456 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels 1402:1456 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 1402:1512 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were also suppressed by MHP and linarin. 28509854 4 102 theme immunosorbent 787:799 arg1 ELISA 808:812 ELISA 808:812 ELISA 808:812 Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of pro-inflammatory meditators and cytokines was measured at the transcriptional and translational levels. 28509854 4 102 theme immunosorbent 787:799 arg1 assay 801:805 the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 769:805 the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 769:813 Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of pro-inflammatory meditators and cytokines was measured at the transcriptional and translational levels. 28509854 7 103 theme NO 1331:1332 arg1 factor-α 1350:1357 tumor necrosis factor-α 1335:1357 tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 1335:1365 MHP and linarin decreased the production of NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlenkin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. 28509854 7 103 theme NO 1331:1332 arg1 IL-1β 1384:1388 IL-1β 1384:1388 IL-1β 1384:1388 MHP and linarin decreased the production of NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlenkin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. 28509854 7 103 theme NO 1331:1332 arg1 production 1317:1326 the production 1313:1326 the production of NO 1313:1332 MHP and linarin decreased the production of NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlenkin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. 28509854 7 103 theme NO 1331:1332 arg1 TNF-α 1360:1364 TNF-α 1360:1364 TNF-α 1360:1364 MHP and linarin decreased the production of NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlenkin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. 28509854 7 103 theme NO 1331:1332 arg1 interlenkin-1β 1368:1381 interlenkin-1β 1368:1381 interlenkin-1β (IL-1β) 1368:1389 MHP and linarin decreased the production of NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlenkin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. 28509854 7 103 theme NO 1331:1332 arg1 IL-6 1396:1399 IL-6 1396:1399 IL-6 1396:1399 MHP and linarin decreased the production of NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlenkin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. 28509854 2 104 theme fraction 476:483 arg1 effects 417:423 anti-inflammatory effects 399:423 anti-inflammatory effects 399:423 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 2 104 theme fraction 476:483 arg1 mechanisms 449:458 potential molecular mechanisms 429:458 potential molecular mechanisms 429:458 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 0 105 theme haplocalyx 32:41 arg1 Fraction 13:20 The Phenolic Fraction 0:20 The Phenolic Fraction of Mentha haplocalyx and Its Constituent Linarin 0:69 The Phenolic Fraction of Mentha haplocalyx and Its Constituent Linarin Ameliorate Inflammatory Response through Inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cells. 28509854 5 106 theme kappa 1084:1088 arg1 B 1090:1090 the nuclear factor kappa B 1065:1090 the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) 1065:1098 Western blot analysis was used to further investigate changes in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt signaling pathways. 28509854 5 106 theme kappa 1084:1088 arg1 NF-κB 1093:1097 NF-κB 1093:1097 NF-κB 1093:1097 Western blot analysis was used to further investigate changes in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt signaling pathways. 28509854 5 107 used used 1026:1029 arg2 analysis 1013:1020 Western blot analysis 1000:1020 Western blot analysis 1000:1020 Western blot analysis was used to further investigate changes in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt signaling pathways. 28509854 3 108 theme HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap 688:704 arg1 spectrometry 674:685 linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry 644:685 linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) 644:708 The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) was used to analyze the chemical composition of MHP. 28509854 3 108 theme HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap 688:704 arg1 MS 706:707 HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS 688:707 HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS 688:707 The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) was used to analyze the chemical composition of MHP. 28509854 9 109 theme Further 1555:1561 arg1 investigation 1563:1575 Further investigation 1555:1575 Further investigation 1555:1575 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 2 110 from effects 417:423 arg1 cells 581:585 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 539:585 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 539:585 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 6 111 theme phenolic 1179:1186 arg1 constituents 1188:1199 Fourteen phenolic constituents 1170:1199 Fourteen phenolic constituents 1170:1199 Fourteen phenolic constituents were identified from MHP based on the data of the mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis. 28509854 9 112 theme signal-regulated 1712:1727 arg1 ERK 1737:1739 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1698:1740 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1698:1740 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 9 112 theme signal-regulated 1712:1727 arg1 p65 1665:1667 NF-κB p65 1659:1667 NF-κB p65 1659:1667 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 4 113 theme polymerase 841:850 arg1 reaction 858:865 quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction 819:865 quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) 819:875 Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of pro-inflammatory meditators and cytokines was measured at the transcriptional and translational levels. 28509854 4 113 theme polymerase 841:850 arg1 qRT-PCR 868:874 qRT-PCR 868:874 qRT-PCR 868:874 Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of pro-inflammatory meditators and cytokines was measured at the transcriptional and translational levels. 28509854 2 114 theme present 353:359 arg1 study 361:365 The present study 349:365 The present study 349:365 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 5 115 theme nuclear 1069:1075 arg1 B 1090:1090 the nuclear factor kappa B 1065:1090 the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) 1065:1098 Western blot analysis was used to further investigate changes in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt signaling pathways. 28509854 5 115 theme nuclear 1069:1075 arg1 NF-κB 1093:1097 NF-κB 1093:1097 NF-κB 1093:1097 Western blot analysis was used to further investigate changes in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt signaling pathways. 28509854 2 116 from mechanisms 449:458 arg1 cells 581:585 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 539:585 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells 539:585 The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the phenolic fraction of M. haplocalyx (MHP) and its constituent linarin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. 28509854 8 117 theme acid 1428:1431 arg1 levels 1451:1456 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels 1402:1456 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 1402:1512 The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were also suppressed by MHP and linarin. 28509854 9 118 theme c-Jun 1743:1747 arg1 kinase 1762:1767 c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase 1743:1767 c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK) 1743:1773 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 9 118 theme c-Jun 1743:1747 arg1 JNK 1770:1772 JNK 1770:1772 JNK 1770:1772 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 28509854 9 118 theme c-Jun 1743:1747 arg1 p65 1665:1667 NF-κB p65 1659:1667 NF-κB p65 1659:1667 Further investigation showed that MHP and linarin down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation content of NF-κB p65, inhibitor kappa B α (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. 27209413 7 0 theme Polar 596:600 arg1 lipids 602:607 Polar lipids 596:607 Polar lipids 596:607 Polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 27209413 9 1 theme whole-cell 776:785 arg1 hydrolysates 787:798 whole-cell hydrolysates 776:798 whole-cell hydrolysates 776:798 The sugar in whole-cell hydrolysates was mannose. 27209413 10 2 theme other 1189:1193 arg1 species 1226:1232 other validly published Streptomyces species 1189:1232 other validly published Streptomyces species 1189:1232 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 13 3 theme Streptomyces 1657:1668 arg1 species 1636:1642 a novel species 1628:1642 a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp 1628:1717 Based on the differences in genotypic and phenotypic characteristics from the closely related strains, strain LPA192(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp. 27209413 15 4 theme =KCTC 1768:1772 arg1 4.7288 1791:1796 =KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288 1768:1796 =KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288(T) 1768:1799 The type strain is LPA192(T) (=KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288(T)). 27209413 15 4 theme =KCTC 1768:1772 arg1 T 1798:1798 T 1798:1798 T 1798:1798 The type strain is LPA192(T) (=KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288(T)). 27209413 3 5 used used 270:273 arg2 approach 257:264 A polyphasic approach 244:264 A polyphasic approach 244:264 A polyphasic approach was used to investigate the taxonomic position of strain LPA192(T). 27209413 5 6 contain contain 475:481 arg2 acid 532:535 the diagnostic diamino acid 509:535 the diagnostic diamino acid 509:535 Peptidoglycan was found to contain LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27209413 5 6 contain contain 475:481 arg1 Peptidoglycan 448:460 Peptidoglycan 448:460 Peptidoglycan 448:460 Peptidoglycan was found to contain LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27209413 5 6 contain contain 475:481 arg2 acid 501:504 LL-diaminopimelic acid 483:504 LL-diaminopimelic acid 483:504 Peptidoglycan was found to contain LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27209413 8 7 theme Major 689:693 arg1 acids 710:714 Major cellular fatty acids 689:714 Major cellular fatty acids 689:714 Major cellular fatty acids consist of C16:0, anteiso-C15:0 and C18:1 ω9c. 27209413 2 8 theme actinobacterial 91:105 arg1 strain 107:112 A novel actinobacterial strain 83:112 A novel actinobacterial strain 83:112 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated LPA192(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Lop Nur, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China. 27209413 10 9 theme tanashiensis 902:913 arg1 % 934:934 99.3 % 929:934 99.3 % 929:934 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 9 theme tanashiensis 902:913 arg1 T 1022:1022 T 1022:1022 T 1022:1022 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 9 theme tanashiensis 902:913 arg1 20274 919:923 Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274 889:923 Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %) 889:935 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 9 theme tanashiensis 902:913 arg1 T 925:925 T 925:925 T 925:925 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 9 theme tanashiensis 902:913 arg1 NBRC 1011:1014 NBRC 1011:1014 NBRC 1011:1014 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 9 theme tanashiensis 902:913 arg1 gulbargensis 951:962 gulbargensis 951:962 gulbargensis 951:962 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 9 theme tanashiensis 902:913 arg1 % 1031:1031 99.3 % 1026:1031 99.3 % 1026:1031 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 13 10 theme strain 1584:1589 arg1 T 1598:1598 T 1598:1598 T 1598:1598 Based on the differences in genotypic and phenotypic characteristics from the closely related strains, strain LPA192(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp. 27209413 13 10 theme strain 1584:1589 arg1 LPA192 1591:1596 strain LPA192 1584:1596 strain LPA192(T) 1584:1599 Based on the differences in genotypic and phenotypic characteristics from the closely related strains, strain LPA192(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp. 27209413 3 11 theme strain 316:321 arg1 T 330:330 T 330:330 T 330:330 A polyphasic approach was used to investigate the taxonomic position of strain LPA192(T). 27209413 3 11 theme strain 316:321 arg1 LPA192 323:328 strain LPA192 316:328 strain LPA192(T) 316:331 A polyphasic approach was used to investigate the taxonomic position of strain LPA192(T). 27209413 4 12 theme genus 428:432 arg1 Streptomyces 434:445 the genus Streptomyces 424:445 the genus Streptomyces 424:445 The isolate showed morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of members of the genus Streptomyces. 27209413 10 13 theme Streptomyces 889:900 arg1 % 934:934 99.3 % 929:934 99.3 % 929:934 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 13 theme Streptomyces 889:900 arg1 T 1022:1022 T 1022:1022 T 1022:1022 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 13 theme Streptomyces 889:900 arg1 20274 919:923 Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274 889:923 Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %) 889:935 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 13 theme Streptomyces 889:900 arg1 T 925:925 T 925:925 T 925:925 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 13 theme Streptomyces 889:900 arg1 NBRC 1011:1014 NBRC 1011:1014 NBRC 1011:1014 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 13 theme Streptomyces 889:900 arg1 gulbargensis 951:962 gulbargensis 951:962 gulbargensis 951:962 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 13 theme Streptomyces 889:900 arg1 % 1031:1031 99.3 % 1026:1031 99.3 % 1026:1031 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 9 14 from sugar 767:771 arg1 hydrolysates 787:798 whole-cell hydrolysates 776:798 whole-cell hydrolysates 776:798 The sugar in whole-cell hydrolysates was mannose. 27209413 11 15 theme threshold 1374:1382 arg1 value 1384:1388 70 % threshold value 1369:1388 70 % threshold value for species delineation 1369:1412 However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between LPA192(T) and the closely related type strains were below 40 %, which are much lower than 70 % threshold value for species delineation. 27209413 3 16 theme taxonomic 294:302 arg1 position 304:311 the taxonomic position 290:311 the taxonomic position of strain LPA192(T) 290:331 A polyphasic approach was used to investigate the taxonomic position of strain LPA192(T). 27209413 13 17 theme novel 1630:1634 arg1 species 1636:1642 a novel species 1628:1642 a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp 1628:1717 Based on the differences in genotypic and phenotypic characteristics from the closely related strains, strain LPA192(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp. 27209413 1 18 theme Lop 67:69 arg1 region 75:80 Lop Nur region 67:80 Lop Nur region 67:80 nov., an actinomycete isolated from Lop Nur region. 27209413 11 19 theme type 1313:1316 arg1 strains 1318:1324 LPA192(T) and the closely related type strains 1279:1324 strains 1318:1324 However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between LPA192(T) and the closely related type strains were below 40 %, which are much lower than 70 % threshold value for species delineation. 27209413 2 20 dep Uygur 202:206 arg1 Xinjiang 193:200 Xinjiang 193:200 Xinjiang 193:200 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated LPA192(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Lop Nur, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China. 27209413 2 20 dep Uygur 202:206 arg1 Region 219:224 Autonomous Region 208:224 Lop Nur, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 184:224 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated LPA192(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Lop Nur, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China. 27209413 11 21 theme relatedness 1252:1262 arg1 values 1264:1269 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1244:1269 DNA-DNA relatedness values between LPA192(T) and the closely related type strains 1244:1324 However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between LPA192(T) and the closely related type strains were below 40 %, which are much lower than 70 % threshold value for species delineation. 27209413 10 22 theme sequencing 1160:1169 arg1 similarities 1171:1182 98.5 % sequencing similarities 1153:1182 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species 1153:1232 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 23 dep Streptomyces 1084:1095 arg1 filamentosus 1097:1108 filamentosus 1097:1108 filamentosus 1097:1108 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 1 24 theme Nur 71:73 arg1 region 75:80 Lop Nur region 67:80 Lop Nur region 67:80 nov., an actinomycete isolated from Lop Nur region. 27209413 11 25 theme DNA-DNA 1244:1250 arg1 values 1264:1269 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1244:1269 DNA-DNA relatedness values between LPA192(T) and the closely related type strains 1244:1324 However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between LPA192(T) and the closely related type strains were below 40 %, which are much lower than 70 % threshold value for species delineation. 27209413 0 26 theme xinjiangensis 13:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp 0:28 Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp. 0:29 Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp. 27209413 4 27 theme Streptomyces 434:445 arg1 members 413:419 members 413:419 members of the genus Streptomyces 413:445 The isolate showed morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of members of the genus Streptomyces. 27209413 12 28 theme genomic 1419:1425 arg1 content 1437:1443 The genomic DNA G + C content 1415:1443 The genomic DNA G + C content of strain LPA192(T) 1415:1463 The genomic DNA G + C content of strain LPA192(T) was 69.3 mol %. 27209413 12 28 theme genomic 1419:1425 arg1 % 1478:1478 69.3 mol % 1469:1478 69.3 mol % 1469:1478 The genomic DNA G + C content of strain LPA192(T) was 69.3 mol %. 27209413 15 29 theme T 1780:1780 arg1 4.7288 1791:1796 =KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288 1768:1796 =KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288(T) 1768:1799 The type strain is LPA192(T) (=KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288(T)). 27209413 15 29 theme T 1780:1780 arg1 T 1798:1798 T 1798:1798 T 1798:1798 The type strain is LPA192(T) (=KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288(T)). 27209413 11 30 theme species 1394:1400 arg1 delineation 1402:1412 species delineation 1394:1412 species delineation 1394:1412 However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between LPA192(T) and the closely related type strains were below 40 %, which are much lower than 70 % threshold value for species delineation. 27209413 15 31 theme  = CGMCC 1782:1789 arg1 4.7288 1791:1796 =KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288 1768:1796 =KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288(T) 1768:1799 The type strain is LPA192(T) (=KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288(T)). 27209413 15 31 theme  = CGMCC 1782:1789 arg1 T 1798:1798 T 1798:1798 T 1798:1798 The type strain is LPA192(T) (=KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288(T)). 27209413 0 32 theme Streptomyces 0:11 arg1 sp 27:28 Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp 0:28 Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp. 0:29 Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp. 27209413 8 33 theme cellular 695:702 arg1 acids 710:714 Major cellular fatty acids 689:714 Major cellular fatty acids 689:714 Major cellular fatty acids consist of C16:0, anteiso-C15:0 and C18:1 ω9c. 27209413 11 34 theme 70  1369:1371 arg1 % 1372:1372 % 1372:1372 % 1372:1372 However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between LPA192(T) and the closely related type strains were below 40 %, which are much lower than 70 % threshold value for species delineation. 27209413 10 35 theme 98.5  1153:1157 arg1 % 1158:1158 % 1158:1158 % 1158:1158 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 8 36 dep C16:0 727:731 arg1 ω9c 758:760 ω9c 758:760 ω9c 758:760 Major cellular fatty acids consist of C16:0, anteiso-C15:0 and C18:1 ω9c. 27209413 3 37 theme LPA192 323:328 arg1 position 304:311 the taxonomic position 290:311 the taxonomic position of strain LPA192(T) 290:331 A polyphasic approach was used to investigate the taxonomic position of strain LPA192(T). 27209413 1 38 attach isolated 53:60 arg2 actinomycete 40:51 an actinomycete 37:51 an actinomycete isolated from Lop Nur region 37:80 nov., an actinomycete isolated from Lop Nur region. 27209413 1 38 attach isolated 53:60 arg1 region 75:80 Lop Nur region 67:80 Lop Nur region 67:80 nov., an actinomycete isolated from Lop Nur region. 27209413 12 39 theme DNA 1427:1429 arg1 content 1437:1443 The genomic DNA G + C content 1415:1443 The genomic DNA G + C content of strain LPA192(T) 1415:1463 The genomic DNA G + C content of strain LPA192(T) was 69.3 mol %. 27209413 12 39 theme DNA 1427:1429 arg1 % 1478:1478 69.3 mol % 1469:1478 69.3 mol % 1469:1478 The genomic DNA G + C content of strain LPA192(T) was 69.3 mol %. 27209413 11 40 theme % 1372:1372 arg1 value 1384:1388 70 % threshold value 1369:1388 70 % threshold value for species delineation 1369:1412 However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between LPA192(T) and the closely related type strains were below 40 %, which are much lower than 70 % threshold value for species delineation. 27209413 15 41 theme 39601 1774:1778 arg1 4.7288 1791:1796 =KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288 1768:1796 =KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288(T) 1768:1799 The type strain is LPA192(T) (=KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288(T)). 27209413 15 41 theme 39601 1774:1778 arg1 T 1798:1798 T 1798:1798 T 1798:1798 The type strain is LPA192(T) (=KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288(T)). 27209413 11 42 theme related 1305:1311 arg1 strains 1318:1324 LPA192(T) and the closely related type strains 1279:1324 strains 1318:1324 However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between LPA192(T) and the closely related type strains were below 40 %, which are much lower than 70 % threshold value for species delineation. 27209413 2 43 attach isolated 141:148 arg1 sample 162:167 a soil sample 155:167 a soil sample collected from Lop Nur, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China 155:241 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated LPA192(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Lop Nur, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China. 27209413 2 43 attach isolated 141:148 arg2 strain 107:112 A novel actinobacterial strain 83:112 A novel actinobacterial strain 83:112 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated LPA192(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Lop Nur, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China. 27209413 10 44 theme published 1203:1211 arg1 species 1226:1232 other validly published Streptomyces species 1189:1232 other validly published Streptomyces species 1189:1232 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 12 45 theme G + C 1431:1435 arg1 content 1437:1443 The genomic DNA G + C content 1415:1443 The genomic DNA G + C content of strain LPA192(T) 1415:1463 The genomic DNA G + C content of strain LPA192(T) was 69.3 mol %. 27209413 12 45 theme G + C 1431:1435 arg1 % 1478:1478 69.3 mol % 1469:1478 69.3 mol % 1469:1478 The genomic DNA G + C content of strain LPA192(T) was 69.3 mol %. 27209413 2 46 theme Northwest 227:235 arg1 China 237:241 Northwest China 227:241 Northwest China 227:241 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated LPA192(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Lop Nur, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China. 27209413 2 46 theme Northwest 227:235 arg1 Uygur 202:206 Uygur 202:206 Uygur 202:206 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated LPA192(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Lop Nur, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China. 27209413 10 47 theme LMG 915:917 arg1 % 934:934 99.3 % 929:934 99.3 % 929:934 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 47 theme LMG 915:917 arg1 T 1022:1022 T 1022:1022 T 1022:1022 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 47 theme LMG 915:917 arg1 20274 919:923 Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274 889:923 Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %) 889:935 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 47 theme LMG 915:917 arg1 T 925:925 T 925:925 T 925:925 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 47 theme LMG 915:917 arg1 NBRC 1011:1014 NBRC 1011:1014 NBRC 1011:1014 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 47 theme LMG 915:917 arg1 gulbargensis 951:962 gulbargensis 951:962 gulbargensis 951:962 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 47 theme LMG 915:917 arg1 % 1031:1031 99.3 % 1026:1031 99.3 % 1026:1031 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 12 48 theme LPA192 1455:1460 arg1 content 1437:1443 The genomic DNA G + C content 1415:1443 The genomic DNA G + C content of strain LPA192(T) 1415:1463 The genomic DNA G + C content of strain LPA192(T) was 69.3 mol %. 27209413 12 48 theme LPA192 1455:1460 arg1 % 1478:1478 69.3 mol % 1469:1478 69.3 mol % 1469:1478 The genomic DNA G + C content of strain LPA192(T) was 69.3 mol %. 27209413 1 49 dep actinomycete 40:51 arg1 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov., an actinomycete isolated from Lop Nur region. 27209413 13 50 theme genotypic 1509:1517 arg1 characteristics 1534:1548 genotypic and phenotypic characteristics 1509:1548 genotypic and phenotypic characteristics from the closely related strains 1509:1581 Based on the differences in genotypic and phenotypic characteristics from the closely related strains, strain LPA192(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp. 27209413 8 51 theme fatty 704:708 arg1 acids 710:714 Major cellular fatty acids 689:714 Major cellular fatty acids 689:714 Major cellular fatty acids consist of C16:0, anteiso-C15:0 and C18:1 ω9c. 27209413 4 52 theme typical 402:408 arg1 characteristics 386:400 morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 353:400 morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of members of the genus Streptomyces 353:445 The isolate showed morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of members of the genus Streptomyces. 27209413 12 53 theme strain 1448:1453 arg1 T 1462:1462 T 1462:1462 T 1462:1462 The genomic DNA G + C content of strain LPA192(T) was 69.3 mol %. 27209413 12 53 theme strain 1448:1453 arg1 LPA192 1455:1460 strain LPA192 1448:1460 strain LPA192(T) 1448:1463 The genomic DNA G + C content of strain LPA192(T) was 69.3 mol %. 27209413 10 54 theme Phylogenetic 813:824 arg1 analysis 826:833 Phylogenetic analysis 813:833 Phylogenetic analysis 813:833 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 6 55 theme predominant 542:552 arg1 MK-9 572:575 MK-9 572:575 MK-9 572:575 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-10(H4). 27209413 6 55 theme predominant 542:552 arg1 menaquinones 554:565 The predominant menaquinones 538:565 The predominant menaquinones 538:565 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-10(H4). 27209413 2 56 theme novel 85:89 arg1 strain 107:112 A novel actinobacterial strain 83:112 A novel actinobacterial strain 83:112 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated LPA192(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Lop Nur, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China. 27209413 13 57 from strains 1575:1581 arg1 characteristics 1534:1548 genotypic and phenotypic characteristics 1509:1548 genotypic and phenotypic characteristics from the closely related strains 1509:1581 Based on the differences in genotypic and phenotypic characteristics from the closely related strains, strain LPA192(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp. 27209413 13 57 from strains 1575:1581 arg1 differences 1494:1504 the differences 1490:1504 the differences in genotypic and phenotypic characteristics from the closely related strains 1490:1581 Based on the differences in genotypic and phenotypic characteristics from the closely related strains, strain LPA192(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp. 27209413 13 58 theme Streptomyces 1689:1700 arg1 sp 1716:1717 the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp 1680:1717 the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp 1680:1717 Based on the differences in genotypic and phenotypic characteristics from the closely related strains, strain LPA192(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp. 27209413 13 59 from differences 1494:1504 arg1 strains 1575:1581 the closely related strains 1555:1581 the closely related strains 1555:1581 Based on the differences in genotypic and phenotypic characteristics from the closely related strains, strain LPA192(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp. 27209413 13 59 from differences 1494:1504 arg1 characteristics 1534:1548 genotypic and phenotypic characteristics 1509:1548 genotypic and phenotypic characteristics from the closely related strains 1509:1581 Based on the differences in genotypic and phenotypic characteristics from the closely related strains, strain LPA192(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp. 27209413 13 60 theme phenotypic 1523:1532 arg1 characteristics 1534:1548 genotypic and phenotypic characteristics 1509:1548 genotypic and phenotypic characteristics from the closely related strains 1509:1581 Based on the differences in genotypic and phenotypic characteristics from the closely related strains, strain LPA192(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp. 27209413 10 61 theme NBRC 1057:1060 arg1 T 1068:1068 T 1068:1068 T 1068:1068 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 61 theme NBRC 1057:1060 arg1 12816 1062:1066 Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816 1035:1066 Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) 1035:1078 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 61 theme NBRC 1057:1060 arg1 % 1077:1077 99.2 % 1072:1077 99.2 % 1072:1077 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 4 62 theme members 413:419 arg1 typical 402:408 typical 402:408 typical 402:408 The isolate showed morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of members of the genus Streptomyces. 27209413 5 63 theme diagnostic 513:522 arg1 acid 501:504 LL-diaminopimelic acid 483:504 LL-diaminopimelic acid 483:504 Peptidoglycan was found to contain LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27209413 5 63 theme diagnostic 513:522 arg1 acid 532:535 the diagnostic diamino acid 509:535 the diagnostic diamino acid 509:535 Peptidoglycan was found to contain LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27209413 10 64 theme Streptomyces 1035:1046 arg1 T 1068:1068 T 1068:1068 T 1068:1068 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 64 theme Streptomyces 1035:1046 arg1 12816 1062:1066 Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816 1035:1066 Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) 1035:1078 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 64 theme Streptomyces 1035:1046 arg1 % 1077:1077 99.2 % 1072:1077 99.2 % 1072:1077 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 5 65 theme diamino 524:530 arg1 acid 501:504 LL-diaminopimelic acid 483:504 LL-diaminopimelic acid 483:504 Peptidoglycan was found to contain LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27209413 5 65 theme diamino 524:530 arg1 acid 532:535 the diagnostic diamino acid 509:535 the diagnostic diamino acid 509:535 Peptidoglycan was found to contain LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27209413 15 66 dep LPA192 1757:1762 arg1 4.7288 1791:1796 =KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288 1768:1796 =KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288(T) 1768:1799 The type strain is LPA192(T) (=KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288(T)). 27209413 15 66 dep LPA192 1757:1762 arg1 T 1798:1798 T 1798:1798 T 1798:1798 The type strain is LPA192(T) (=KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288(T)). 27209413 10 67 theme NBRC 1110:1113 arg1 % 1130:1130 99.1 % 1125:1130 99.1 % 1125:1130 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 67 theme NBRC 1110:1113 arg1 T 1121:1121 T 1121:1121 T 1121:1121 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 67 theme NBRC 1110:1113 arg1 12767 1115:1119 Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767 1084:1119 Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) 1084:1131 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 4 68 theme morphological 353:365 arg1 characteristics 386:400 morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 353:400 morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of members of the genus Streptomyces 353:445 The isolate showed morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of members of the genus Streptomyces. 27209413 10 69 theme % 1158:1158 arg1 similarities 1171:1182 98.5 % sequencing similarities 1153:1182 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species 1153:1232 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 70 theme strain 850:855 arg1 LPA192 857:862 strain LPA192 850:862 strain LPA192(T) 850:865 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 70 theme strain 850:855 arg1 T 864:864 T 864:864 T 864:864 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 13 71 theme name 1684:1687 arg1 sp 1716:1717 the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp 1680:1717 the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp 1680:1717 Based on the differences in genotypic and phenotypic characteristics from the closely related strains, strain LPA192(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp. 27209413 3 72 theme polyphasic 246:255 arg1 approach 257:264 A polyphasic approach 244:264 A polyphasic approach 244:264 A polyphasic approach was used to investigate the taxonomic position of strain LPA192(T). 27209413 2 73 theme soil 157:160 arg1 sample 162:167 a soil sample 155:167 a soil sample collected from Lop Nur, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China 155:241 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated LPA192(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Lop Nur, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China. 27209413 2 74 theme Autonomous 208:217 arg1 Region 219:224 Autonomous Region 208:224 Lop Nur, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 184:224 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated LPA192(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Lop Nur, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China. 27209413 10 75 theme Streptomyces 1213:1224 arg1 species 1226:1232 other validly published Streptomyces species 1189:1232 other validly published Streptomyces species 1189:1232 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 13 76 theme related 1567:1573 arg1 strains 1575:1581 the closely related strains 1555:1581 the closely related strains 1555:1581 Based on the differences in genotypic and phenotypic characteristics from the closely related strains, strain LPA192(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp. 27209413 10 77 theme Streptomyces 1084:1095 arg1 % 1130:1130 99.1 % 1125:1130 99.1 % 1125:1130 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 77 theme Streptomyces 1084:1095 arg1 T 1121:1121 T 1121:1121 T 1121:1121 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 77 theme Streptomyces 1084:1095 arg1 12767 1115:1119 Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767 1084:1119 Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) 1084:1131 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 4 78 theme chemotaxonomic 371:384 arg1 characteristics 386:400 morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 353:400 morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of members of the genus Streptomyces 353:445 The isolate showed morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of members of the genus Streptomyces. 27209413 5 79 theme LL-diaminopimelic 483:499 arg1 acid 501:504 LL-diaminopimelic acid 483:504 LL-diaminopimelic acid 483:504 Peptidoglycan was found to contain LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27209413 5 79 theme LL-diaminopimelic 483:499 arg1 acid 532:535 the diagnostic diamino acid 509:535 the diagnostic diamino acid 509:535 Peptidoglycan was found to contain LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27209413 15 80 theme type 1742:1745 arg1 LPA192 1757:1762 LPA192 1757:1762 LPA192(T) (=KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288(T)) 1757:1800 The type strain is LPA192(T) (=KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288(T)). 27209413 15 80 theme type 1742:1745 arg1 strain 1747:1752 The type strain 1738:1752 The type strain 1738:1752 The type strain is LPA192(T) (=KCTC 39601(T) = CGMCC 4.7288(T)). 27209413 13 81 theme xinjiangensis 1702:1714 arg1 sp 1716:1717 the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp 1680:1717 the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp 1680:1717 Based on the differences in genotypic and phenotypic characteristics from the closely related strains, strain LPA192(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp. 27209413 10 82 dep Streptomyces 1035:1046 arg1 roseolus 1048:1055 roseolus 1048:1055 roseolus 1048:1055 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 10 83 with similarities 1171:1182 arg1 species 1226:1232 other validly published Streptomyces species 1189:1232 other validly published Streptomyces species 1189:1232 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain LPA192(T) is closely related to Streptomyces tanashiensis LMG 20274(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS131(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces nashvillensis NBRC 13064(T) (99.3 %), Streptomyces roseolus NBRC 12816(T) (99.2 %) and Streptomyces filamentosus NBRC 12767(T) (99.1 %) while showing below 98.5 % sequencing similarities with other validly published Streptomyces species. 27209413 13 84 theme genus 1651:1655 arg1 Streptomyces 1657:1668 the genus Streptomyces 1647:1668 the genus Streptomyces 1647:1668 Based on the differences in genotypic and phenotypic characteristics from the closely related strains, strain LPA192(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces xinjiangensis sp. 24267445 10 0 theme total 1469:1473 arg1 concentration 1448:1460 a higher concentration 1439:1460 a higher concentration of the total and several major amino metabolites, namely asparagine, glutamine, glutamate and aspartate 1439:1564 As a result, the best symbiotic efficiency observed with C-15-induced nodules was reflected in a higher concentration of the total and several major amino metabolites, namely asparagine, glutamine, glutamate and aspartate. 24267445 3 1 theme C-15 453:456 arg1 strains 476:482 C-15, Ch-191 and CP-36 strains 453:482 strains 476:482 With the aim of enhancing symbiotic efficiency in chickpea, we compared the symbiotic efficiency of C-15, Ch-191 and CP-36 strains of Mesorhizobium ciceri in association with the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' as well as studied the mechanism underlying the improvement of N₂ fixation efficiency. 24267445 10 2 theme amino 1493:1497 arg1 metabolites 1499:1509 the total and several major amino metabolites 1465:1509 metabolites 1499:1509 As a result, the best symbiotic efficiency observed with C-15-induced nodules was reflected in a higher concentration of the total and several major amino metabolites, namely asparagine, glutamine, glutamate and aspartate. 24267445 3 3 theme efficiency 647:656 arg1 improvement 620:630 the improvement 616:630 the improvement of N₂ fixation efficiency 616:656 With the aim of enhancing symbiotic efficiency in chickpea, we compared the symbiotic efficiency of C-15, Ch-191 and CP-36 strains of Mesorhizobium ciceri in association with the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' as well as studied the mechanism underlying the improvement of N₂ fixation efficiency. 24267445 3 4 theme strains 476:482 arg1 efficiency 439:448 the symbiotic efficiency 425:448 the symbiotic efficiency of C-15, Ch-191 and CP-36 strains of Mesorhizobium ciceri in association with the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' 425:570 With the aim of enhancing symbiotic efficiency in chickpea, we compared the symbiotic efficiency of C-15, Ch-191 and CP-36 strains of Mesorhizobium ciceri in association with the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' as well as studied the mechanism underlying the improvement of N₂ fixation efficiency. 24267445 8 5 theme Sucrose 1120:1126 arg1 enzymes 1137:1143 Sucrose cleavage enzymes 1120:1143 Sucrose cleavage enzymes 1120:1143 Sucrose cleavage enzymes displayed comparatively lower activity in nodules established by either Ch-191 or CP-36. 24267445 11 6 theme acid 1742:1745 arg1 formation 1747:1755 organic acid formation 1734:1755 organic acid formation 1734:1755 Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the improved efficiency in chickpea symbiotic system, established with C-15, was associated with the enhanced capacity of organic acid formation and the activities of the key enzymes connected to the nodule carbon and nitrogen metabolism. 24267445 3 7 from efficiency 439:448 arg1 association 511:521 association 511:521 association with the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' 511:570 With the aim of enhancing symbiotic efficiency in chickpea, we compared the symbiotic efficiency of C-15, Ch-191 and CP-36 strains of Mesorhizobium ciceri in association with the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' as well as studied the mechanism underlying the improvement of N₂ fixation efficiency. 24267445 1 8 theme pulse 165:169 arg1 Chickpea 122:129 Chickpea 122:129 Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) 122:147 Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is an important pulse crop in many countries in the world. 24267445 1 8 theme pulse 165:169 arg1 crop 171:174 an important pulse crop 152:174 an important pulse crop in many countries in the world 152:205 Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is an important pulse crop in many countries in the world. 24267445 5 9 theme C-15 873:876 arg1 nodules 878:884 C-15 nodules 873:884 C-15 nodules 873:884 This finding was supported by higher plant productivity and expression levels of the nifHDK genes in C-15 nodules. 24267445 0 10 theme nitrogen 101:108 arg1 conditions 110:119 limiting nitrogen conditions 92:119 limiting nitrogen conditions 92:119 Approaches for enhancement of N₂ fixation efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under limiting nitrogen conditions. 24267445 6 11 theme Nodule 887:892 arg1 activity 903:910 Nodule specific activity 887:910 Nodule specific activity 887:910 Nodule specific activity was significantly higher in C-15 combination, partially as a result of higher electron allocation to N₂ versus H⁺. 24267445 3 12 theme symbiotic 379:387 arg1 efficiency 389:398 symbiotic efficiency 379:398 symbiotic efficiency in chickpea 379:410 With the aim of enhancing symbiotic efficiency in chickpea, we compared the symbiotic efficiency of C-15, Ch-191 and CP-36 strains of Mesorhizobium ciceri in association with the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' as well as studied the mechanism underlying the improvement of N₂ fixation efficiency. 24267445 11 13 theme activities 1765:1774 arg1 capacity 1722:1729 the enhanced capacity 1709:1729 the enhanced capacity of organic acid formation and the activities of the key enzymes connected to the nodule carbon and nitrogen metabolism 1709:1848 Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the improved efficiency in chickpea symbiotic system, established with C-15, was associated with the enhanced capacity of organic acid formation and the activities of the key enzymes connected to the nodule carbon and nitrogen metabolism. 24267445 3 14 theme chickpea 544:551 arg1 Bivanij 563:569 the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' 528:570 the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' 528:570 With the aim of enhancing symbiotic efficiency in chickpea, we compared the symbiotic efficiency of C-15, Ch-191 and CP-36 strains of Mesorhizobium ciceri in association with the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' as well as studied the mechanism underlying the improvement of N₂ fixation efficiency. 24267445 3 15 theme local 532:536 arg1 Bivanij 563:569 the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' 528:570 the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' 528:570 With the aim of enhancing symbiotic efficiency in chickpea, we compared the symbiotic efficiency of C-15, Ch-191 and CP-36 strains of Mesorhizobium ciceri in association with the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' as well as studied the mechanism underlying the improvement of N₂ fixation efficiency. 24267445 1 16 from crop 171:174 arg1 countries 184:192 many countries 179:192 many countries in the world 179:205 Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is an important pulse crop in many countries in the world. 24267445 5 17 theme genes 864:868 arg1 productivity 815:826 higher plant productivity and expression levels 802:848 productivity 815:826 This finding was supported by higher plant productivity and expression levels of the nifHDK genes in C-15 nodules. 24267445 5 17 theme genes 864:868 arg1 levels 843:848 higher plant productivity and expression levels 802:848 levels 843:848 This finding was supported by higher plant productivity and expression levels of the nifHDK genes in C-15 nodules. 24267445 0 18 theme chickpea 56:63 arg1 efficiency 42:51 N₂ fixation efficiency 30:51 N₂ fixation efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) 30:84 Approaches for enhancement of N₂ fixation efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under limiting nitrogen conditions. 24267445 4 19 from fixation 727:734 arg1 comparison 739:748 comparison 739:748 comparison with Ch-191 or CP-36 739:769 Our data revealed that C-15 strain manifested the most efficient N₂ fixation in comparison with Ch-191 or CP-36. 24267445 1 20 theme Cicer 132:136 arg1 Chickpea 122:129 Chickpea 122:129 Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) 122:147 Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is an important pulse crop in many countries in the world. 24267445 1 20 theme Cicer 132:136 arg1 arietinum 138:146 Cicer arietinum 132:146 Cicer arietinum 132:146 Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is an important pulse crop in many countries in the world. 24267445 4 21 with comparison 739:748 arg1 Ch-191 755:760 Ch-191 755:760 Ch-191 755:760 Our data revealed that C-15 strain manifested the most efficient N₂ fixation in comparison with Ch-191 or CP-36. 24267445 4 21 with comparison 739:748 arg1 CP-36 765:769 CP-36 765:769 CP-36 765:769 Our data revealed that C-15 strain manifested the most efficient N₂ fixation in comparison with Ch-191 or CP-36. 24267445 9 22 theme acid 1242:1245 arg1 formation 1247:1255 Organic acid formation 1234:1255 Organic acid formation 1234:1255 Organic acid formation, particularly that of malate, was remarkably higher in nodules induced by C-15 strain. 24267445 9 22 theme acid 1242:1245 arg1 that 1271:1274 that 1271:1274 that 1271:1274 Organic acid formation, particularly that of malate, was remarkably higher in nodules induced by C-15 strain. 24267445 11 23 from efficiency 1625:1634 arg1 system 1658:1663 chickpea symbiotic system 1639:1663 chickpea symbiotic system 1639:1663 Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the improved efficiency in chickpea symbiotic system, established with C-15, was associated with the enhanced capacity of organic acid formation and the activities of the key enzymes connected to the nodule carbon and nitrogen metabolism. 24267445 10 24 theme best 1361:1364 arg1 efficiency 1376:1385 the best symbiotic efficiency 1357:1385 the best symbiotic efficiency observed with C-15-induced nodules 1357:1420 As a result, the best symbiotic efficiency observed with C-15-induced nodules was reflected in a higher concentration of the total and several major amino metabolites, namely asparagine, glutamine, glutamate and aspartate. 24267445 10 24 theme best 1361:1364 arg1 result 1349:1354 a result 1347:1354 a result 1347:1354 As a result, the best symbiotic efficiency observed with C-15-induced nodules was reflected in a higher concentration of the total and several major amino metabolites, namely asparagine, glutamine, glutamate and aspartate. 24267445 5 25 from productivity 815:826 arg1 nodules 878:884 C-15 nodules 873:884 C-15 nodules 873:884 This finding was supported by higher plant productivity and expression levels of the nifHDK genes in C-15 nodules. 24267445 4 26 theme efficient 714:722 arg1 fixation 727:734 the most efficient N₂ fixation 705:734 the most efficient N₂ fixation in comparison with Ch-191 or CP-36 705:769 Our data revealed that C-15 strain manifested the most efficient N₂ fixation in comparison with Ch-191 or CP-36. 24267445 2 27 theme root 281:284 arg1 nodules 286:292 the root nodules 277:292 the root nodules 277:292 The symbioses between chickpea and Mesorhizobia, which fix N₂ inside the root nodules, are of particular importance for chickpea's productivity. 24267445 0 28 dep Cicer 66:70 arg1 L. 82:83 Cicer arietinum L. 66:83 Cicer arietinum L. 66:83 Approaches for enhancement of N₂ fixation efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under limiting nitrogen conditions. 24267445 6 29 theme electron 990:997 arg1 allocation 999:1008 higher electron allocation 983:1008 higher electron allocation to N₂ versus H⁺ 983:1024 Nodule specific activity was significantly higher in C-15 combination, partially as a result of higher electron allocation to N₂ versus H⁺. 24267445 11 30 theme symbiotic 1648:1656 arg1 system 1658:1663 chickpea symbiotic system 1639:1663 chickpea symbiotic system 1639:1663 Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the improved efficiency in chickpea symbiotic system, established with C-15, was associated with the enhanced capacity of organic acid formation and the activities of the key enzymes connected to the nodule carbon and nitrogen metabolism. 24267445 0 31 theme N₂ 30:31 arg1 efficiency 42:51 N₂ fixation efficiency 30:51 N₂ fixation efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) 30:84 Approaches for enhancement of N₂ fixation efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under limiting nitrogen conditions. 24267445 11 32 theme enzymes 1787:1793 arg1 formation 1747:1755 organic acid formation 1734:1755 organic acid formation 1734:1755 Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the improved efficiency in chickpea symbiotic system, established with C-15, was associated with the enhanced capacity of organic acid formation and the activities of the key enzymes connected to the nodule carbon and nitrogen metabolism. 24267445 11 32 theme enzymes 1787:1793 arg1 activities 1765:1774 the activities 1761:1774 the activities of the key enzymes connected to the nodule carbon and nitrogen metabolism 1761:1848 Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the improved efficiency in chickpea symbiotic system, established with C-15, was associated with the enhanced capacity of organic acid formation and the activities of the key enzymes connected to the nodule carbon and nitrogen metabolism. 24267445 7 33 theme nodule 1067:1072 arg1 carbon 1074:1079 nodule carbon 1067:1079 nodule carbon 1067:1079 Interestingly, a striking difference in nodule carbon and nitrogen composition was observed. 24267445 7 34 from difference 1053:1062 arg1 carbon 1074:1079 nodule carbon 1067:1079 nodule carbon 1067:1079 Interestingly, a striking difference in nodule carbon and nitrogen composition was observed. 24267445 7 34 from difference 1053:1062 arg1 composition 1094:1104 nitrogen composition 1085:1104 nitrogen composition 1085:1104 Interestingly, a striking difference in nodule carbon and nitrogen composition was observed. 24267445 10 35 theme major 1487:1491 arg1 metabolites 1499:1509 the total and several major amino metabolites 1465:1509 metabolites 1499:1509 As a result, the best symbiotic efficiency observed with C-15-induced nodules was reflected in a higher concentration of the total and several major amino metabolites, namely asparagine, glutamine, glutamate and aspartate. 24267445 11 36 theme nodule 1812:1817 arg1 carbon 1819:1824 the nodule carbon 1808:1824 the nodule carbon 1808:1824 Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the improved efficiency in chickpea symbiotic system, established with C-15, was associated with the enhanced capacity of organic acid formation and the activities of the key enzymes connected to the nodule carbon and nitrogen metabolism. 24267445 0 37 dep Approaches 0:9 arg1 conditions 110:119 limiting nitrogen conditions 92:119 limiting nitrogen conditions 92:119 Approaches for enhancement of N₂ fixation efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under limiting nitrogen conditions. 24267445 3 38 theme fixation 638:645 arg1 efficiency 647:656 N₂ fixation efficiency 635:656 N₂ fixation efficiency 635:656 With the aim of enhancing symbiotic efficiency in chickpea, we compared the symbiotic efficiency of C-15, Ch-191 and CP-36 strains of Mesorhizobium ciceri in association with the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' as well as studied the mechanism underlying the improvement of N₂ fixation efficiency. 24267445 7 39 theme striking 1044:1051 arg1 difference 1053:1062 a striking difference 1042:1062 a striking difference in nodule carbon and nitrogen composition 1042:1104 Interestingly, a striking difference in nodule carbon and nitrogen composition was observed. 24267445 2 40 theme particular 302:311 arg1 importance 313:322 particular importance 302:322 particular importance 302:322 The symbioses between chickpea and Mesorhizobia, which fix N₂ inside the root nodules, are of particular importance for chickpea's productivity. 24267445 8 41 from activity 1175:1182 arg1 nodules 1187:1193 nodules 1187:1193 nodules established by either Ch-191 or CP-36 1187:1231 Sucrose cleavage enzymes displayed comparatively lower activity in nodules established by either Ch-191 or CP-36. 24267445 10 42 theme metabolites 1499:1509 arg1 concentration 1448:1460 a higher concentration 1439:1460 a higher concentration of the total and several major amino metabolites, namely asparagine, glutamine, glutamate and aspartate 1439:1564 As a result, the best symbiotic efficiency observed with C-15-induced nodules was reflected in a higher concentration of the total and several major amino metabolites, namely asparagine, glutamine, glutamate and aspartate. 24267445 11 43 theme improved 1616:1623 arg1 efficiency 1625:1634 the improved efficiency 1612:1634 the improved efficiency 1612:1634 Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the improved efficiency in chickpea symbiotic system, established with C-15, was associated with the enhanced capacity of organic acid formation and the activities of the key enzymes connected to the nodule carbon and nitrogen metabolism. 24267445 3 44 theme CP-36 470:474 arg1 strains 476:482 C-15, Ch-191 and CP-36 strains 453:482 strains 476:482 With the aim of enhancing symbiotic efficiency in chickpea, we compared the symbiotic efficiency of C-15, Ch-191 and CP-36 strains of Mesorhizobium ciceri in association with the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' as well as studied the mechanism underlying the improvement of N₂ fixation efficiency. 24267445 1 45 theme important 155:163 arg1 Chickpea 122:129 Chickpea 122:129 Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) 122:147 Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is an important pulse crop in many countries in the world. 24267445 1 45 theme important 155:163 arg1 crop 171:174 an important pulse crop 152:174 an important pulse crop in many countries in the world 152:205 Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is an important pulse crop in many countries in the world. 24267445 0 46 theme efficiency 42:51 arg1 enhancement 15:25 enhancement 15:25 enhancement of N₂ fixation efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) 15:84 Approaches for enhancement of N₂ fixation efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under limiting nitrogen conditions. 24267445 11 47 theme enhanced 1713:1720 arg1 capacity 1722:1729 the enhanced capacity 1709:1729 the enhanced capacity of organic acid formation and the activities of the key enzymes connected to the nodule carbon and nitrogen metabolism 1709:1848 Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the improved efficiency in chickpea symbiotic system, established with C-15, was associated with the enhanced capacity of organic acid formation and the activities of the key enzymes connected to the nodule carbon and nitrogen metabolism. 24267445 5 48 theme higher 802:807 arg1 productivity 815:826 higher plant productivity and expression levels 802:848 productivity 815:826 This finding was supported by higher plant productivity and expression levels of the nifHDK genes in C-15 nodules. 24267445 11 49 theme formation 1747:1755 arg1 capacity 1722:1729 the enhanced capacity 1709:1729 the enhanced capacity of organic acid formation and the activities of the key enzymes connected to the nodule carbon and nitrogen metabolism 1709:1848 Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the improved efficiency in chickpea symbiotic system, established with C-15, was associated with the enhanced capacity of organic acid formation and the activities of the key enzymes connected to the nodule carbon and nitrogen metabolism. 24267445 3 50 theme ciceri 501:506 arg1 strains 476:482 C-15, Ch-191 and CP-36 strains 453:482 strains 476:482 With the aim of enhancing symbiotic efficiency in chickpea, we compared the symbiotic efficiency of C-15, Ch-191 and CP-36 strains of Mesorhizobium ciceri in association with the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' as well as studied the mechanism underlying the improvement of N₂ fixation efficiency. 24267445 8 51 theme cleavage 1128:1135 arg1 enzymes 1137:1143 Sucrose cleavage enzymes 1120:1143 Sucrose cleavage enzymes 1120:1143 Sucrose cleavage enzymes displayed comparatively lower activity in nodules established by either Ch-191 or CP-36. 24267445 6 52 theme specific 894:901 arg1 activity 903:910 Nodule specific activity 887:910 Nodule specific activity 887:910 Nodule specific activity was significantly higher in C-15 combination, partially as a result of higher electron allocation to N₂ versus H⁺. 24267445 11 53 theme organic 1734:1740 arg1 formation 1747:1755 organic acid formation 1734:1755 organic acid formation 1734:1755 Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the improved efficiency in chickpea symbiotic system, established with C-15, was associated with the enhanced capacity of organic acid formation and the activities of the key enzymes connected to the nodule carbon and nitrogen metabolism. 24267445 3 54 theme elite 538:542 arg1 Bivanij 563:569 the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' 528:570 the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' 528:570 With the aim of enhancing symbiotic efficiency in chickpea, we compared the symbiotic efficiency of C-15, Ch-191 and CP-36 strains of Mesorhizobium ciceri in association with the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' as well as studied the mechanism underlying the improvement of N₂ fixation efficiency. 24267445 5 55 theme plant 809:813 arg1 productivity 815:826 higher plant productivity and expression levels 802:848 productivity 815:826 This finding was supported by higher plant productivity and expression levels of the nifHDK genes in C-15 nodules. 24267445 1 56 theme many 179:182 arg1 countries 184:192 many countries 179:192 many countries in the world 179:205 Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is an important pulse crop in many countries in the world. 24267445 1 57 from countries 184:192 arg1 world 201:205 the world 197:205 the world 197:205 Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is an important pulse crop in many countries in the world. 24267445 8 58 theme lower 1169:1173 arg1 activity 1175:1182 comparatively lower activity 1155:1182 comparatively lower activity in nodules established by either Ch-191 or CP-36 1155:1231 Sucrose cleavage enzymes displayed comparatively lower activity in nodules established by either Ch-191 or CP-36. 24267445 7 59 theme nitrogen 1085:1092 arg1 composition 1094:1104 nitrogen composition 1085:1104 nitrogen composition 1085:1104 Interestingly, a striking difference in nodule carbon and nitrogen composition was observed. 24267445 5 60 theme nifHDK 857:862 arg1 genes 864:868 the nifHDK genes 853:868 the nifHDK genes in C-15 nodules 853:884 This finding was supported by higher plant productivity and expression levels of the nifHDK genes in C-15 nodules. 24267445 3 61 theme cultivar 553:560 arg1 Bivanij 563:569 the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' 528:570 the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' 528:570 With the aim of enhancing symbiotic efficiency in chickpea, we compared the symbiotic efficiency of C-15, Ch-191 and CP-36 strains of Mesorhizobium ciceri in association with the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' as well as studied the mechanism underlying the improvement of N₂ fixation efficiency. 24267445 9 62 theme Organic 1234:1240 arg1 formation 1247:1255 Organic acid formation 1234:1255 Organic acid formation 1234:1255 Organic acid formation, particularly that of malate, was remarkably higher in nodules induced by C-15 strain. 24267445 9 62 theme Organic 1234:1240 arg1 that 1271:1274 that 1271:1274 that 1271:1274 Organic acid formation, particularly that of malate, was remarkably higher in nodules induced by C-15 strain. 24267445 5 63 theme expression 832:841 arg1 levels 843:848 higher plant productivity and expression levels 802:848 levels 843:848 This finding was supported by higher plant productivity and expression levels of the nifHDK genes in C-15 nodules. 24267445 6 64 theme C-15 940:943 arg1 combination 945:955 C-15 combination 940:955 C-15 combination 940:955 Nodule specific activity was significantly higher in C-15 combination, partially as a result of higher electron allocation to N₂ versus H⁺. 24267445 10 65 theme symbiotic 1366:1374 arg1 efficiency 1376:1385 the best symbiotic efficiency 1357:1385 the best symbiotic efficiency observed with C-15-induced nodules 1357:1420 As a result, the best symbiotic efficiency observed with C-15-induced nodules was reflected in a higher concentration of the total and several major amino metabolites, namely asparagine, glutamine, glutamate and aspartate. 24267445 10 65 theme symbiotic 1366:1374 arg1 result 1349:1354 a result 1347:1354 a result 1347:1354 As a result, the best symbiotic efficiency observed with C-15-induced nodules was reflected in a higher concentration of the total and several major amino metabolites, namely asparagine, glutamine, glutamate and aspartate. 24267445 5 66 from levels 843:848 arg1 nodules 878:884 C-15 nodules 873:884 C-15 nodules 873:884 This finding was supported by higher plant productivity and expression levels of the nifHDK genes in C-15 nodules. 24267445 3 67 theme symbiotic 429:437 arg1 efficiency 439:448 the symbiotic efficiency 425:448 the symbiotic efficiency of C-15, Ch-191 and CP-36 strains of Mesorhizobium ciceri in association with the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' 425:570 With the aim of enhancing symbiotic efficiency in chickpea, we compared the symbiotic efficiency of C-15, Ch-191 and CP-36 strains of Mesorhizobium ciceri in association with the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' as well as studied the mechanism underlying the improvement of N₂ fixation efficiency. 24267445 0 68 theme limiting 92:99 arg1 conditions 110:119 limiting nitrogen conditions 92:119 limiting nitrogen conditions 92:119 Approaches for enhancement of N₂ fixation efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under limiting nitrogen conditions. 24267445 10 69 theme C-15-induced 1401:1412 arg1 nodules 1414:1420 C-15-induced nodules 1401:1420 C-15-induced nodules 1401:1420 As a result, the best symbiotic efficiency observed with C-15-induced nodules was reflected in a higher concentration of the total and several major amino metabolites, namely asparagine, glutamine, glutamate and aspartate. 24267445 5 70 from genes 864:868 arg1 nodules 878:884 C-15 nodules 873:884 C-15 nodules 873:884 This finding was supported by higher plant productivity and expression levels of the nifHDK genes in C-15 nodules. 24267445 6 71 theme allocation 999:1008 arg1 result 973:978 a result 971:978 a result of higher electron allocation to N₂ versus H⁺ 971:1024 Nodule specific activity was significantly higher in C-15 combination, partially as a result of higher electron allocation to N₂ versus H⁺. 24267445 11 72 theme nitrogen 1830:1837 arg1 metabolism 1839:1848 nitrogen metabolism 1830:1848 nitrogen metabolism 1830:1848 Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the improved efficiency in chickpea symbiotic system, established with C-15, was associated with the enhanced capacity of organic acid formation and the activities of the key enzymes connected to the nodule carbon and nitrogen metabolism. 24267445 3 73 with association 511:521 arg1 Bivanij 563:569 the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' 528:570 the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' 528:570 With the aim of enhancing symbiotic efficiency in chickpea, we compared the symbiotic efficiency of C-15, Ch-191 and CP-36 strains of Mesorhizobium ciceri in association with the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' as well as studied the mechanism underlying the improvement of N₂ fixation efficiency. 24267445 6 74 theme higher 983:988 arg1 allocation 999:1008 higher electron allocation 983:1008 higher electron allocation to N₂ versus H⁺ 983:1024 Nodule specific activity was significantly higher in C-15 combination, partially as a result of higher electron allocation to N₂ versus H⁺. 24267445 11 75 theme chickpea 1639:1646 arg1 system 1658:1663 chickpea symbiotic system 1639:1663 chickpea symbiotic system 1639:1663 Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the improved efficiency in chickpea symbiotic system, established with C-15, was associated with the enhanced capacity of organic acid formation and the activities of the key enzymes connected to the nodule carbon and nitrogen metabolism. 24267445 4 76 theme C-15 682:685 arg1 strain 687:692 C-15 strain 682:692 C-15 strain 682:692 Our data revealed that C-15 strain manifested the most efficient N₂ fixation in comparison with Ch-191 or CP-36. 24267445 0 77 theme fixation 33:40 arg1 efficiency 42:51 N₂ fixation efficiency 30:51 N₂ fixation efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) 30:84 Approaches for enhancement of N₂ fixation efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under limiting nitrogen conditions. 24267445 5 78 from nodules 878:884 arg1 productivity 815:826 higher plant productivity and expression levels 802:848 productivity 815:826 This finding was supported by higher plant productivity and expression levels of the nifHDK genes in C-15 nodules. 24267445 5 78 from nodules 878:884 arg1 levels 843:848 higher plant productivity and expression levels 802:848 levels 843:848 This finding was supported by higher plant productivity and expression levels of the nifHDK genes in C-15 nodules. 24267445 10 79 theme higher 1441:1446 arg1 concentration 1448:1460 a higher concentration 1439:1460 a higher concentration of the total and several major amino metabolites, namely asparagine, glutamine, glutamate and aspartate 1439:1564 As a result, the best symbiotic efficiency observed with C-15-induced nodules was reflected in a higher concentration of the total and several major amino metabolites, namely asparagine, glutamine, glutamate and aspartate. 24267445 4 80 theme N₂ 724:725 arg1 fixation 727:734 the most efficient N₂ fixation 705:734 the most efficient N₂ fixation in comparison with Ch-191 or CP-36 705:769 Our data revealed that C-15 strain manifested the most efficient N₂ fixation in comparison with Ch-191 or CP-36. 24267445 11 81 theme key 1783:1785 arg1 enzymes 1787:1793 the key enzymes 1779:1793 the key enzymes connected to the nodule carbon and nitrogen metabolism 1779:1848 Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the improved efficiency in chickpea symbiotic system, established with C-15, was associated with the enhanced capacity of organic acid formation and the activities of the key enzymes connected to the nodule carbon and nitrogen metabolism. 24267445 9 82 theme C-15 1331:1334 arg1 strain 1336:1341 C-15 strain 1331:1341 C-15 strain 1331:1341 Organic acid formation, particularly that of malate, was remarkably higher in nodules induced by C-15 strain. 24267445 10 83 theme several 1479:1485 arg1 metabolites 1499:1509 the total and several major amino metabolites 1465:1509 metabolites 1499:1509 As a result, the best symbiotic efficiency observed with C-15-induced nodules was reflected in a higher concentration of the total and several major amino metabolites, namely asparagine, glutamine, glutamate and aspartate. 24267445 3 84 theme N₂ 635:636 arg1 efficiency 647:656 N₂ fixation efficiency 635:656 N₂ fixation efficiency 635:656 With the aim of enhancing symbiotic efficiency in chickpea, we compared the symbiotic efficiency of C-15, Ch-191 and CP-36 strains of Mesorhizobium ciceri in association with the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' as well as studied the mechanism underlying the improvement of N₂ fixation efficiency. 24267445 3 85 from efficiency 389:398 arg1 chickpea 403:410 chickpea 403:410 chickpea 403:410 With the aim of enhancing symbiotic efficiency in chickpea, we compared the symbiotic efficiency of C-15, Ch-191 and CP-36 strains of Mesorhizobium ciceri in association with the local elite chickpea cultivar 'Bivanij' as well as studied the mechanism underlying the improvement of N₂ fixation efficiency. 29095141 8 0 theme glutamic 1025:1032 arg1 acid 1034:1037 glutamic acid 1025:1037 glutamic acid 1025:1037 The peptidoglycan amino acids were alanine, valine, glutamic acid, glycine, ornithine, lysine and aspartic acid. 29095141 2 1 from located 286:292 arg1 Republic 337:344 Republic 337:344 Republic 337:344 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 2 1 from located 286:292 arg1 Gyeonggi 327:334 Gyeonggi 327:334 Gyeonggi 327:334 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 2 1 from located 286:292 arg1 Yongin 319:324 Yongin 319:324 Yongin 319:324 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 4 2 theme UV 513:514 arg1 radiation 516:524 UV radiation 513:524 UV radiation (>1500 J m-2) 513:538 Strain THG-AG1.5T exhibited tolerance to UV radiation (>1500 J m-2) and to gamma radiation (>12 kGy). 29095141 4 2 theme UV 513:514 arg1 m-2 535:537 >1500 J m-2 527:537 >1500 J m-2 527:537 Strain THG-AG1.5T exhibited tolerance to UV radiation (>1500 J m-2) and to gamma radiation (>12 kGy). 29095141 12 3 dep C15  1478:1481 arg1  0 1495:1496  0 1495:1496  0 1495:1496 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C17 : 0, C18 : 0 and summed feature 3. 29095141 12 3 dep C15  1478:1481 arg1 C16  1490:1493 C16  1490:1493 C16  1490:1493 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C17 : 0, C18 : 0 and summed feature 3. 29095141 12 3 dep C15  1478:1481 arg1 C17  1512:1515 C17  1512:1515 C17  1512:1515 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C17 : 0, C18 : 0 and summed feature 3. 29095141 12 3 dep C15  1478:1481 arg1 C18  1521:1524 C18  1521:1524 C18  1521:1524 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C17 : 0, C18 : 0 and summed feature 3. 29095141 2 4 theme L 264:264 arg1 Mugunghwa 268:276 Mugunghwa 268:276 Mugunghwa 268:276 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 2 4 theme L 264:264 arg1 rhizosphere 231:241 rhizosphere 231:241 rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea 231:353 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 2 5 theme Hibiscus 246:253 arg1 L 264:264 Hibiscus syriacus L 246:264 Hibiscus syriacus L 246:264 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 5 6 theme Deinococcus 746:756 arg1 3963T 770:774 Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T 746:774 Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T (97.32 %) 746:784 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-AG1.5T was closely related to Deinococcus daejeonensis MJ27T (98.03 %), Deinococcus radiotolerans C1T (97.61 %) and Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T (97.32 %). 29095141 5 6 theme Deinococcus 746:756 arg1 % 783:783 97.32 % 777:783 97.32 % 777:783 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-AG1.5T was closely related to Deinococcus daejeonensis MJ27T (98.03 %), Deinococcus radiotolerans C1T (97.61 %) and Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T (97.32 %). 29095141 6 7 theme THG-AG1.5T 825:834 arg1 G+C content 803:813 The genomic DNA G+C content 787:813 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain THG-AG1.5T 787:834 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain THG-AG1.5T was 74.8 mol%. 29095141 6 7 theme THG-AG1.5T 825:834 arg1 % 848:848 74.8 mol% 840:848 74.8 mol% 840:848 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain THG-AG1.5T was 74.8 mol%. 29095141 5 8 theme gene 592:595 arg1 comparisons 606:616 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 583:616 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 583:616 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-AG1.5T was closely related to Deinococcus daejeonensis MJ27T (98.03 %), Deinococcus radiotolerans C1T (97.61 %) and Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T (97.32 %). 29095141 13 9 theme strain 1598:1603 arg1 THG-AG1.5T 1605:1614 strain THG-AG1.5T 1598:1614 strain THG-AG1.5T 1598:1614 On the basis of our polyphasic taxonomy study, strain THG-AG1.5T represents a novel species within the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcushibisci sp. 29095141 4 10 theme gamma 547:551 arg1 >12 kGy 564:570 >12 kGy 564:570 >12 kGy 564:570 Strain THG-AG1.5T exhibited tolerance to UV radiation (>1500 J m-2) and to gamma radiation (>12 kGy). 29095141 4 10 theme gamma 547:551 arg1 radiation 553:561 gamma radiation 547:561 gamma radiation (>12 kGy) 547:571 Strain THG-AG1.5T exhibited tolerance to UV radiation (>1500 J m-2) and to gamma radiation (>12 kGy). 29095141 7 11 theme phylogenetically 926:941 arg1 neighbours 943:952 its closest phylogenetically neighbours 914:952 its closest phylogenetically neighbours 914:952 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain THG-AG1.5T and its closest phylogenetically neighbours were below 63.0 %. 29095141 6 12 theme DNA 799:801 arg1 G+C content 803:813 The genomic DNA G+C content 787:813 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain THG-AG1.5T 787:834 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain THG-AG1.5T was 74.8 mol%. 29095141 6 12 theme DNA 799:801 arg1 % 848:848 74.8 mol% 840:848 74.8 mol% 840:848 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain THG-AG1.5T was 74.8 mol%. 29095141 2 13 dep Mugunghwa 268:276 arg1 flower 278:283 Mugunghwa flower 268:283 Mugunghwa flower 268:283 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 2 14 theme strain 194:199 arg1 bacterium 183:191 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium 100:191 bacterium 183:191 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 2 14 theme strain 194:199 arg1 THG-AG1.5T 201:210 strain THG-AG1.5T 194:210 strain THG-AG1.5T 194:210 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 7 15 theme DNA-DNA 855:861 arg1 hybridization 863:875 DNA-DNA hybridization 855:875 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain THG-AG1.5T and its closest phylogenetically neighbours 851:952 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain THG-AG1.5T and its closest phylogenetically neighbours were below 63.0 %. 29095141 5 16 theme 16S 583:585 arg1 comparisons 606:616 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 583:616 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 583:616 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-AG1.5T was closely related to Deinococcus daejeonensis MJ27T (98.03 %), Deinococcus radiotolerans C1T (97.61 %) and Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T (97.32 %). 29095141 13 17 theme Deinococcushibisci 1692:1709 arg1 sp 1711:1712 the name Deinococcushibisci sp 1683:1712 the name Deinococcushibisci sp 1683:1712 On the basis of our polyphasic taxonomy study, strain THG-AG1.5T represents a novel species within the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcushibisci sp. 29095141 5 18 theme DSM 766:768 arg1 3963T 770:774 Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T 746:774 Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T (97.32 %) 746:784 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-AG1.5T was closely related to Deinococcus daejeonensis MJ27T (98.03 %), Deinococcus radiotolerans C1T (97.61 %) and Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T (97.32 %). 29095141 5 18 theme DSM 766:768 arg1 % 783:783 97.32 % 777:783 97.32 % 777:783 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-AG1.5T was closely related to Deinococcus daejeonensis MJ27T (98.03 %), Deinococcus radiotolerans C1T (97.61 %) and Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T (97.32 %). 29095141 12 19 theme fatty 1434:1438 arg1 iso-C15  1465:1472 iso-C15  1465:1472 iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C17 : 0, C18 : 0 and summed feature 3 1465:1548 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C17 : 0, C18 : 0 and summed feature 3. 29095141 12 19 theme fatty 1434:1438 arg1 acids 1440:1444 The major fatty acids 1424:1444 The major fatty acids 1424:1444 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C17 : 0, C18 : 0 and summed feature 3. 29095141 5 20 theme Deinococcus 660:670 arg1 MJ27T 685:689 Deinococcus daejeonensis MJ27T 660:689 Deinococcus daejeonensis MJ27T (98.03 %) 660:699 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-AG1.5T was closely related to Deinococcus daejeonensis MJ27T (98.03 %), Deinococcus radiotolerans C1T (97.61 %) and Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T (97.32 %). 29095141 5 20 theme Deinococcus 660:670 arg1 % 698:698 98.03 % 692:698 98.03 % 692:698 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-AG1.5T was closely related to Deinococcus daejeonensis MJ27T (98.03 %), Deinococcus radiotolerans C1T (97.61 %) and Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T (97.32 %). 29095141 9 21 theme whole-cell-wall 1145:1159 arg1 sugars 1161:1166 whole-cell-wall sugars 1145:1166 whole-cell-wall sugars 1145:1166 Strain THG-AG1.5T contained ribose, mannose and glucose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone-8 (MK-8) as the only isoprenoid quinone. 29095141 9 21 theme whole-cell-wall 1145:1159 arg1 ribose 1114:1119 ribose 1114:1119 ribose 1114:1119 Strain THG-AG1.5T contained ribose, mannose and glucose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone-8 (MK-8) as the only isoprenoid quinone. 29095141 11 22 theme unidentified 1360:1371 arg1 glycolipids 1373:1383 six unidentified glycolipids 1356:1383 six unidentified glycolipids 1356:1383 The major polar lipids of strain THG-AG1.5T were a phosphoglycolipid, six unidentified glycolipids and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 29095141 5 23 theme strain 619:624 arg1 THG-AG1.5T 626:635 strain THG-AG1.5T 619:635 strain THG-AG1.5T 619:635 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-AG1.5T was closely related to Deinococcus daejeonensis MJ27T (98.03 %), Deinococcus radiotolerans C1T (97.61 %) and Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T (97.32 %). 29095141 6 24 theme 74.8 mol 840:847 arg1 G+C content 803:813 The genomic DNA G+C content 787:813 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain THG-AG1.5T 787:834 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain THG-AG1.5T was 74.8 mol%. 29095141 6 24 theme 74.8 mol 840:847 arg1 % 848:848 74.8 mol% 840:848 74.8 mol% 840:848 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain THG-AG1.5T was 74.8 mol%. 29095141 11 25 theme polar 1296:1300 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1337:1353 phosphoglycolipid 1337:1353 phosphoglycolipid 1337:1353 The major polar lipids of strain THG-AG1.5T were a phosphoglycolipid, six unidentified glycolipids and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 29095141 11 25 theme polar 1296:1300 arg1 lipids 1302:1307 The major polar lipids 1286:1307 The major polar lipids of strain THG-AG1.5T 1286:1328 The major polar lipids of strain THG-AG1.5T were a phosphoglycolipid, six unidentified glycolipids and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 29095141 1 26 theme syriacus 68:75 arg1 L 77:77 Hibiscus syriacus L 59:77 Hibiscus syriacus L 59:77 nov., isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (mugunghwa flower). 29095141 2 27 dep pink-pigmented 123:136 arg1 coccus-shaped 139:151 coccus-shaped 139:151 coccus-shaped 139:151 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 2 27 dep pink-pigmented 123:136 arg1 aerobic 163:169 aerobic 163:169 aerobic 163:169 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 0 28 theme Deinococcus 0:10 arg1 sp 20:21 Deinococcus hibisci sp 0:21 Deinococcus hibisci sp. 0:22 Deinococcus hibisci sp. 29095141 15 29 theme AB 1783:1784 arg1 THG-AG1.5T 1752:1761 THG-AG1.5T 1752:1761 THG-AG1.5T (=KACC 18850T=CCTCC AB 2016078T) 1752:1794 The type strain is THG-AG1.5T (=KACC 18850T=CCTCC AB 2016078T). 29095141 15 29 theme AB 1783:1784 arg1 2016078T 1786:1793 =KACC 18850T=CCTCC AB 2016078T 1764:1793 =KACC 18850T=CCTCC AB 2016078T 1764:1793 The type strain is THG-AG1.5T (=KACC 18850T=CCTCC AB 2016078T). 29095141 11 30 theme THG-AG1.5T 1319:1328 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1337:1353 phosphoglycolipid 1337:1353 phosphoglycolipid 1337:1353 The major polar lipids of strain THG-AG1.5T were a phosphoglycolipid, six unidentified glycolipids and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 29095141 11 30 theme THG-AG1.5T 1319:1328 arg1 lipids 1302:1307 The major polar lipids 1286:1307 The major polar lipids of strain THG-AG1.5T 1286:1328 The major polar lipids of strain THG-AG1.5T were a phosphoglycolipid, six unidentified glycolipids and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 29095141 5 31 theme Deinococcus 702:712 arg1 C1T 728:730 Deinococcus radiotolerans C1T 702:730 Deinococcus radiotolerans C1T (97.61 %) 702:740 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-AG1.5T was closely related to Deinococcus daejeonensis MJ27T (98.03 %), Deinococcus radiotolerans C1T (97.61 %) and Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T (97.32 %). 29095141 5 31 theme Deinococcus 702:712 arg1 % 739:739 97.61 % 733:739 97.61 % 733:739 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-AG1.5T was closely related to Deinococcus daejeonensis MJ27T (98.03 %), Deinococcus radiotolerans C1T (97.61 %) and Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T (97.32 %). 29095141 2 32 theme syriacus 255:262 arg1 L 264:264 Hibiscus syriacus L 246:264 Hibiscus syriacus L 246:264 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 4 33 theme Strain 472:477 arg1 THG-AG1.5T 479:488 Strain THG-AG1.5T 472:488 Strain THG-AG1.5T 472:488 Strain THG-AG1.5T exhibited tolerance to UV radiation (>1500 J m-2) and to gamma radiation (>12 kGy). 29095141 15 34 theme =KACC 1764:1768 arg1 THG-AG1.5T 1752:1761 THG-AG1.5T 1752:1761 THG-AG1.5T (=KACC 18850T=CCTCC AB 2016078T) 1752:1794 The type strain is THG-AG1.5T (=KACC 18850T=CCTCC AB 2016078T). 29095141 15 34 theme =KACC 1764:1768 arg1 2016078T 1786:1793 =KACC 18850T=CCTCC AB 2016078T 1764:1793 =KACC 18850T=CCTCC AB 2016078T 1764:1793 The type strain is THG-AG1.5T (=KACC 18850T=CCTCC AB 2016078T). 29095141 9 35 theme isoprenoid 1205:1214 arg1 quinone 1216:1222 the only isoprenoid quinone 1196:1222 the only isoprenoid quinone 1196:1222 Strain THG-AG1.5T contained ribose, mannose and glucose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone-8 (MK-8) as the only isoprenoid quinone. 29095141 9 35 theme isoprenoid 1205:1214 arg1 ribose 1114:1119 ribose 1114:1119 ribose 1114:1119 Strain THG-AG1.5T contained ribose, mannose and glucose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone-8 (MK-8) as the only isoprenoid quinone. 29095141 8 36 theme amino 991:995 arg1 alanine 1008:1014 alanine 1008:1014 alanine 1008:1014 The peptidoglycan amino acids were alanine, valine, glutamic acid, glycine, ornithine, lysine and aspartic acid. 29095141 8 36 theme amino 991:995 arg1 acids 997:1001 The peptidoglycan amino acids 973:1001 The peptidoglycan amino acids 973:1001 The peptidoglycan amino acids were alanine, valine, glutamic acid, glycine, ornithine, lysine and aspartic acid. 29095141 13 37 theme polyphasic 1571:1580 arg1 study 1591:1595 our polyphasic taxonomy study 1567:1595 our polyphasic taxonomy study 1567:1595 On the basis of our polyphasic taxonomy study, strain THG-AG1.5T represents a novel species within the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcushibisci sp. 29095141 3 38 theme additional 441:450 arg1 NaCl 466:469 additional 0-1.5 % (w/v) NaCl 441:469 additional 0-1.5 % (w/v) NaCl 441:469 The isolated strain grew optimally at 25-30 °C, at pH 6.0-7.5 and in the presence of additional 0-1.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 29095141 5 39 dep Deinococcus 702:712 arg1 radiotolerans 714:726 radiotolerans 714:726 radiotolerans 714:726 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-AG1.5T was closely related to Deinococcus daejeonensis MJ27T (98.03 %), Deinococcus radiotolerans C1T (97.61 %) and Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T (97.32 %). 29095141 3 40 theme w/v 461:463 arg1 NaCl 466:469 additional 0-1.5 % (w/v) NaCl 441:469 additional 0-1.5 % (w/v) NaCl 441:469 The isolated strain grew optimally at 25-30 °C, at pH 6.0-7.5 and in the presence of additional 0-1.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 29095141 2 41 theme pink-pigmented 123:136 arg1 bacterium 183:191 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium 100:191 bacterium 183:191 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 2 41 theme pink-pigmented 123:136 arg1 THG-AG1.5T 201:210 strain THG-AG1.5T 194:210 strain THG-AG1.5T 194:210 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 10 42 theme major 1229:1233 arg1 component 1235:1243 The major component 1225:1243 The major component in the polyamine pattern 1225:1268 The major component in the polyamine pattern was spermidine. 29095141 10 42 theme major 1229:1233 arg1 spermidine 1274:1283 spermidine 1274:1283 spermidine 1274:1283 The major component in the polyamine pattern was spermidine. 29095141 3 43 theme % 458:458 arg1 NaCl 466:469 additional 0-1.5 % (w/v) NaCl 441:469 additional 0-1.5 % (w/v) NaCl 441:469 The isolated strain grew optimally at 25-30 °C, at pH 6.0-7.5 and in the presence of additional 0-1.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 29095141 2 44 theme Gram-stain-positive 102:120 arg1 bacterium 183:191 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium 100:191 bacterium 183:191 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 2 44 theme Gram-stain-positive 102:120 arg1 THG-AG1.5T 201:210 strain THG-AG1.5T 194:210 strain THG-AG1.5T 194:210 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 12 45 theme summed 1533:1538 arg1 feature 1540:1546 summed feature 3 1533:1548 summed feature 3 1533:1548 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C17 : 0, C18 : 0 and summed feature 3. 29095141 5 46 theme rRNA 587:590 arg1 comparisons 606:616 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 583:616 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 583:616 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-AG1.5T was closely related to Deinococcus daejeonensis MJ27T (98.03 %), Deinococcus radiotolerans C1T (97.61 %) and Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T (97.32 %). 29095141 10 47 theme polyamine 1252:1260 arg1 pattern 1262:1268 the polyamine pattern 1248:1268 the polyamine pattern 1248:1268 The major component in the polyamine pattern was spermidine. 29095141 3 48 theme NaCl 466:469 arg1 presence 429:436 the presence 425:436 the presence of additional 0-1.5 % (w/v) NaCl 425:469 The isolated strain grew optimally at 25-30 °C, at pH 6.0-7.5 and in the presence of additional 0-1.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 29095141 6 49 theme strain 818:823 arg1 THG-AG1.5T 825:834 strain THG-AG1.5T 818:834 strain THG-AG1.5T 818:834 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain THG-AG1.5T was 74.8 mol%. 29095141 5 50 dep Deinococcus 660:670 arg1 daejeonensis 672:683 daejeonensis 672:683 daejeonensis 672:683 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-AG1.5T was closely related to Deinococcus daejeonensis MJ27T (98.03 %), Deinococcus radiotolerans C1T (97.61 %) and Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T (97.32 %). 29095141 7 51 theme closest 918:924 arg1 neighbours 943:952 its closest phylogenetically neighbours 914:952 its closest phylogenetically neighbours 914:952 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain THG-AG1.5T and its closest phylogenetically neighbours were below 63.0 %. 29095141 9 52 theme Strain 1086:1091 arg1 THG-AG1.5T 1093:1102 Strain THG-AG1.5T 1086:1102 Strain THG-AG1.5T 1086:1102 Strain THG-AG1.5T contained ribose, mannose and glucose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone-8 (MK-8) as the only isoprenoid quinone. 29095141 8 53 theme aspartic 1071:1078 arg1 acid 1080:1083 aspartic acid 1071:1083 aspartic acid 1071:1083 The peptidoglycan amino acids were alanine, valine, glutamic acid, glycine, ornithine, lysine and aspartic acid. 29095141 6 54 theme genomic 791:797 arg1 G+C content 803:813 The genomic DNA G+C content 787:813 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain THG-AG1.5T 787:834 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain THG-AG1.5T was 74.8 mol%. 29095141 6 54 theme genomic 791:797 arg1 % 848:848 74.8 mol% 840:848 74.8 mol% 840:848 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain THG-AG1.5T was 74.8 mol%. 29095141 9 55 contain contained 1104:1112 arg2 glucose 1134:1140 mannose and glucose 1122:1140 glucose 1134:1140 Strain THG-AG1.5T contained ribose, mannose and glucose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone-8 (MK-8) as the only isoprenoid quinone. 29095141 9 55 contain contained 1104:1112 arg2 sugars 1161:1166 whole-cell-wall sugars 1145:1166 whole-cell-wall sugars 1145:1166 Strain THG-AG1.5T contained ribose, mannose and glucose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone-8 (MK-8) as the only isoprenoid quinone. 29095141 9 55 contain contained 1104:1112 arg2 ribose 1114:1119 ribose 1114:1119 ribose 1114:1119 Strain THG-AG1.5T contained ribose, mannose and glucose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone-8 (MK-8) as the only isoprenoid quinone. 29095141 9 55 contain contained 1104:1112 arg1 THG-AG1.5T 1093:1102 Strain THG-AG1.5T 1086:1102 Strain THG-AG1.5T 1086:1102 Strain THG-AG1.5T contained ribose, mannose and glucose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone-8 (MK-8) as the only isoprenoid quinone. 29095141 9 55 contain contained 1104:1112 arg2 mannose 1122:1128 mannose and glucose 1122:1140 mannose 1122:1128 Strain THG-AG1.5T contained ribose, mannose and glucose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone-8 (MK-8) as the only isoprenoid quinone. 29095141 9 55 contain contained 1104:1112 arg2 quinone 1216:1222 the only isoprenoid quinone 1196:1222 the only isoprenoid quinone 1196:1222 Strain THG-AG1.5T contained ribose, mannose and glucose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone-8 (MK-8) as the only isoprenoid quinone. 29095141 7 56 theme strain 892:897 arg1 THG-AG1.5T 899:908 strain THG-AG1.5T 892:908 strain THG-AG1.5T 892:908 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain THG-AG1.5T and its closest phylogenetically neighbours were below 63.0 %. 29095141 7 57 theme hybridization 863:875 arg1 values 877:882 The DNA-DNA hybridization values 851:882 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain THG-AG1.5T and its closest phylogenetically neighbours 851:952 The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain THG-AG1.5T and its closest phylogenetically neighbours were below 63.0 %. 29095141 12 58 theme major 1428:1432 arg1 iso-C15  1465:1472 iso-C15  1465:1472 iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C17 : 0, C18 : 0 and summed feature 3 1465:1548 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C17 : 0, C18 : 0 and summed feature 3. 29095141 12 58 theme major 1428:1432 arg1 acids 1440:1444 The major fatty acids 1424:1444 The major fatty acids 1424:1444 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C17 : 0, C18 : 0 and summed feature 3. 29095141 13 59 theme name 1687:1690 arg1 sp 1711:1712 the name Deinococcushibisci sp 1683:1712 the name Deinococcushibisci sp 1683:1712 On the basis of our polyphasic taxonomy study, strain THG-AG1.5T represents a novel species within the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcushibisci sp. 29095141 5 60 theme grandis 758:764 arg1 3963T 770:774 Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T 746:774 Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T (97.32 %) 746:784 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-AG1.5T was closely related to Deinococcus daejeonensis MJ27T (98.03 %), Deinococcus radiotolerans C1T (97.61 %) and Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T (97.32 %). 29095141 5 60 theme grandis 758:764 arg1 % 783:783 97.32 % 777:783 97.32 % 777:783 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-AG1.5T was closely related to Deinococcus daejeonensis MJ27T (98.03 %), Deinococcus radiotolerans C1T (97.61 %) and Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T (97.32 %). 29095141 2 61 attach isolated 217:224 arg1 Mugunghwa 268:276 Mugunghwa 268:276 Mugunghwa 268:276 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 2 61 attach isolated 217:224 arg2 bacterium 183:191 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium 100:191 bacterium 183:191 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 2 61 attach isolated 217:224 arg1 rhizosphere 231:241 rhizosphere 231:241 rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea 231:353 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 2 61 attach isolated 217:224 arg2 THG-AG1.5T 201:210 strain THG-AG1.5T 194:210 strain THG-AG1.5T 194:210 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 1 62 dep mugunghwa 81:89 arg1 flower 91:96 mugunghwa flower 81:96 mugunghwa flower 81:96 nov., isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (mugunghwa flower). 29095141 13 63 theme genus 1654:1658 arg1 Deinococcus 1660:1670 the genus Deinococcus 1650:1670 the genus Deinococcus 1650:1670 On the basis of our polyphasic taxonomy study, strain THG-AG1.5T represents a novel species within the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcushibisci sp. 29095141 15 64 theme type 1737:1740 arg1 THG-AG1.5T 1752:1761 THG-AG1.5T 1752:1761 THG-AG1.5T (=KACC 18850T=CCTCC AB 2016078T) 1752:1794 The type strain is THG-AG1.5T (=KACC 18850T=CCTCC AB 2016078T). 29095141 15 64 theme type 1737:1740 arg1 strain 1742:1747 The type strain 1733:1747 The type strain 1733:1747 The type strain is THG-AG1.5T (=KACC 18850T=CCTCC AB 2016078T). 29095141 11 65 theme major 1290:1294 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1337:1353 phosphoglycolipid 1337:1353 phosphoglycolipid 1337:1353 The major polar lipids of strain THG-AG1.5T were a phosphoglycolipid, six unidentified glycolipids and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 29095141 11 65 theme major 1290:1294 arg1 lipids 1302:1307 The major polar lipids 1286:1307 The major polar lipids of strain THG-AG1.5T 1286:1328 The major polar lipids of strain THG-AG1.5T were a phosphoglycolipid, six unidentified glycolipids and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 29095141 1 66 attach isolated 30:37 arg1 rhizosphere 44:54 rhizosphere 44:54 rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L 44:77 nov., isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (mugunghwa flower). 29095141 1 66 attach isolated 30:37 arg2 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov., isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (mugunghwa flower). 29095141 13 67 theme novel 1629:1633 arg1 species 1635:1641 a novel species 1627:1641 a novel species 1627:1641 On the basis of our polyphasic taxonomy study, strain THG-AG1.5T represents a novel species within the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcushibisci sp. 29095141 1 68 theme Hibiscus 59:66 arg1 L 77:77 Hibiscus syriacus L 59:77 Hibiscus syriacus L 59:77 nov., isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (mugunghwa flower). 29095141 0 69 theme hibisci 12:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Deinococcus hibisci sp 0:21 Deinococcus hibisci sp. 0:22 Deinococcus hibisci sp. 29095141 1 70 theme L 77:77 arg1 rhizosphere 44:54 rhizosphere 44:54 rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L 44:77 nov., isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (mugunghwa flower). 29095141 5 71 theme sequence 597:604 arg1 comparisons 606:616 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 583:616 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 583:616 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-AG1.5T was closely related to Deinococcus daejeonensis MJ27T (98.03 %), Deinococcus radiotolerans C1T (97.61 %) and Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T (97.32 %). 29095141 11 72 theme strain 1312:1317 arg1 THG-AG1.5T 1319:1328 strain THG-AG1.5T 1312:1328 strain THG-AG1.5T 1312:1328 The major polar lipids of strain THG-AG1.5T were a phosphoglycolipid, six unidentified glycolipids and an unidentified aminophospholipid. 29095141 13 73 dep study 1591:1595 arg1 the 1554:1556 the 1554:1556 the 1554:1556 On the basis of our polyphasic taxonomy study, strain THG-AG1.5T represents a novel species within the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcushibisci sp. 29095141 13 73 dep study 1591:1595 arg1 basis 1558:1562 basis 1558:1562 basis 1558:1562 On the basis of our polyphasic taxonomy study, strain THG-AG1.5T represents a novel species within the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcushibisci sp. 29095141 9 74 theme only 1200:1203 arg1 quinone 1216:1222 the only isoprenoid quinone 1196:1222 the only isoprenoid quinone 1196:1222 Strain THG-AG1.5T contained ribose, mannose and glucose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone-8 (MK-8) as the only isoprenoid quinone. 29095141 9 74 theme only 1200:1203 arg1 ribose 1114:1119 ribose 1114:1119 ribose 1114:1119 Strain THG-AG1.5T contained ribose, mannose and glucose as whole-cell-wall sugars and menaquinone-8 (MK-8) as the only isoprenoid quinone. 29095141 1 75 dep nov. 24:27 arg1 mugunghwa 81:89 mugunghwa 81:89 mugunghwa 81:89 nov., isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (mugunghwa flower). 29095141 3 76 theme isolated 360:367 arg1 strain 369:374 The isolated strain 356:374 The isolated strain 356:374 The isolated strain grew optimally at 25-30 °C, at pH 6.0-7.5 and in the presence of additional 0-1.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 29095141 15 77 theme 18850T=CCTCC 1770:1781 arg1 THG-AG1.5T 1752:1761 THG-AG1.5T 1752:1761 THG-AG1.5T (=KACC 18850T=CCTCC AB 2016078T) 1752:1794 The type strain is THG-AG1.5T (=KACC 18850T=CCTCC AB 2016078T). 29095141 15 77 theme 18850T=CCTCC 1770:1781 arg1 2016078T 1786:1793 =KACC 18850T=CCTCC AB 2016078T 1764:1793 =KACC 18850T=CCTCC AB 2016078T 1764:1793 The type strain is THG-AG1.5T (=KACC 18850T=CCTCC AB 2016078T). 29095141 8 78 theme peptidoglycan 977:989 arg1 alanine 1008:1014 alanine 1008:1014 alanine 1008:1014 The peptidoglycan amino acids were alanine, valine, glutamic acid, glycine, ornithine, lysine and aspartic acid. 29095141 8 78 theme peptidoglycan 977:989 arg1 acids 997:1001 The peptidoglycan amino acids 973:1001 The peptidoglycan amino acids 973:1001 The peptidoglycan amino acids were alanine, valine, glutamic acid, glycine, ornithine, lysine and aspartic acid. 29095141 10 79 from component 1235:1243 arg1 pattern 1262:1268 the polyamine pattern 1248:1268 the polyamine pattern 1248:1268 The major component in the polyamine pattern was spermidine. 29095141 2 80 from Republic 337:344 arg1 located 286:292 located 286:292 located 286:292 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 2 81 theme non-motile 172:181 arg1 bacterium 183:191 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium 100:191 bacterium 183:191 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 2 81 theme non-motile 172:181 arg1 THG-AG1.5T 201:210 strain THG-AG1.5T 194:210 strain THG-AG1.5T 194:210 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 2 82 theme located 286:292 arg1 Mugunghwa 268:276 Mugunghwa 268:276 Mugunghwa 268:276 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 2 82 theme located 286:292 arg1 rhizosphere 231:241 rhizosphere 231:241 rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea 231:353 A Gram-stain-positive, pink-pigmented, coccus-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, strain THG-AG1.5T, was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower) located in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 29095141 13 83 theme taxonomy 1582:1589 arg1 study 1591:1595 our polyphasic taxonomy study 1567:1595 our polyphasic taxonomy study 1567:1595 On the basis of our polyphasic taxonomy study, strain THG-AG1.5T represents a novel species within the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcushibisci sp. 29095141 12 84 dep iso-C15  1465:1472 arg1  0 1526:1527  0 1526:1527  0 1526:1527 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C17 : 0, C18 : 0 and summed feature 3. 29095141 12 84 dep iso-C15  1465:1472 arg1 feature 1540:1546 summed feature 3 1533:1548 summed feature 3 1533:1548 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C17 : 0, C18 : 0 and summed feature 3. 29095141 12 84 dep iso-C15  1465:1472 arg1 C15  1478:1481 C15  1478:1481 C15  1478:1481 The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C17 : 0, C18 : 0 and summed feature 3. 29095141 3 85 theme 0-1.5  452:457 arg1 NaCl 466:469 additional 0-1.5 % (w/v) NaCl 441:469 additional 0-1.5 % (w/v) NaCl 441:469 The isolated strain grew optimally at 25-30 °C, at pH 6.0-7.5 and in the presence of additional 0-1.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 25858247 2 0 from province 401:408 arg1 root 321:324 the surface-sterilized root 298:324 the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province 298:408 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 0 from province 401:408 arg1 China 422:426 north-west China 411:426 north-west China 411:426 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 9 1 theme phylogenetic 1010:1021 arg1 DSM 1151:1153 Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367 1129:1159 Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%) 1129:1170 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 9 1 theme phylogenetic 1010:1021 arg1 DSM 1103:1105 Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432 1078:1111 Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) 1078:1123 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 9 1 theme phylogenetic 1010:1021 arg1 neighbours 1023:1032 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 998:1032 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) 998:1057 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 2 2 from root 321:324 arg1 Xinjiang 392:399 Xinjiang 392:399 Xinjiang 392:399 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 2 from root 321:324 arg1 province 401:408 province 401:408 province 401:408 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 4 3 theme predominant 550:560 arg1 MK-9 578:581 MK-9 578:581 MK-9 578:581 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9 (93.1%). 25858247 4 3 theme predominant 550:560 arg1 menaquinone 562:572 The predominant menaquinone 546:572 The predominant menaquinone 546:572 The predominant menaquinone was MK-9 (93.1%). 25858247 10 4 theme strain 1205:1210 arg1 T 1266:1266 T 1266:1266 T 1266:1266 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T) was 53.4 ± 4.1% and 30.5 ± 1.7%, respectively. 25858247 10 4 theme strain 1205:1210 arg1 T 1224:1224 strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432 1205:1264 T 1224:1224 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T) was 53.4 ± 4.1% and 30.5 ± 1.7%, respectively. 25858247 6 5 theme glutamic 731:738 arg1 acid 740:743 glutamic acid 731:743 glutamic acid 731:743 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, alanine and glutamic acid. 25858247 1 6 attach isolated 66:73 arg2 actinobacterium 50:64 an endophytic actinobacterium 36:64 an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from root of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey 36:112 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from root of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey. 25858247 1 6 attach isolated 66:73 arg1 root 80:83 root 80:83 root of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey 80:112 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from root of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey. 25858247 2 7 theme endophytic 218:227 arg1 6500322 268:274 designated strain EGI 6500322 246:274 designated strain EGI 6500322(T) 246:277 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 7 theme endophytic 218:227 arg1 actinobacterium 229:243 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium 115:243 actinobacterium 229:243 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 13 8 theme EGI 1649:1651 arg1 strain 1639:1644 The type strain 1630:1644 The type strain 1630:1644 The type strain is EGI 6500322(T) ( = CTC 29490(T) = JCM 30091(T)). 25858247 13 8 theme EGI 1649:1651 arg1 6500322 1653:1659 EGI 6500322 1649:1659 EGI 6500322(T) ( = CTC 29490(T) = JCM 30091(T)) 1649:1695 The type strain is EGI 6500322(T) ( = CTC 29490(T) = JCM 30091(T)). 25858247 13 8 theme EGI 1649:1651 arg1 30091 1687:1691  = CTC 29490(T) = JCM 30091 1665:1691  = CTC 29490(T) = JCM 30091(T) 1665:1694 The type strain is EGI 6500322(T) ( = CTC 29490(T) = JCM 30091(T)). 25858247 13 8 theme EGI 1649:1651 arg1 T 1661:1661 T 1661:1661 T 1661:1661 The type strain is EGI 6500322(T) ( = CTC 29490(T) = JCM 30091(T)). 25858247 11 9 theme endophyticus 1595:1606 arg1 sp 1608:1609 the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp 1573:1609 the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp 1573:1609 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500322(T) should represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 25858247 5 10 theme major 596:600 arg1 acids 617:621 The major cellular fatty acids 592:621 The major cellular fatty acids 592:621 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (49.5%) and iso-C15:0 (15.1%). 25858247 5 10 theme major 596:600 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 628:640 anteiso-C15:0 628:640 anteiso-C15:0 628:640 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (49.5%) and iso-C15:0 (15.1%). 25858247 10 11 theme ± 1333:1333 arg1 % 1338:1338 30.5 ± 1.7% 1328:1338 30.5 ± 1.7% 1328:1338 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T) was 53.4 ± 4.1% and 30.5 ± 1.7%, respectively. 25858247 9 12 theme Arthrobacter 1078:1089 arg1 % 1122:1122 98.38% 1117:1122 98.38% 1117:1122 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 9 12 theme Arthrobacter 1078:1089 arg1 DSM 1103:1105 Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432 1078:1111 Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) 1078:1123 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 9 12 theme Arthrobacter 1078:1089 arg1 T 1113:1113 T 1113:1113 T 1113:1113 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 9 12 theme Arthrobacter 1078:1089 arg1 neighbours 1023:1032 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 998:1032 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) 998:1057 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 3 13 theme % 517:517 arg1 NaCl 519:522 0-13% NaCl 513:522 0-13% NaCl (w/v) (optimum 0-5%) 513:543 Growth occurred at 5-35 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), at pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7-8) and with 0-13% NaCl (w/v) (optimum 0-5%). 25858247 3 13 theme % 517:517 arg1 % 542:542 optimum 0-5% 531:542 optimum 0-5% 531:542 Growth occurred at 5-35 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), at pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7-8) and with 0-13% NaCl (w/v) (optimum 0-5%). 25858247 3 13 theme % 517:517 arg1 w/v 525:527 w/v 525:527 w/v 525:527 Growth occurred at 5-35 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), at pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7-8) and with 0-13% NaCl (w/v) (optimum 0-5%). 25858247 1 14 theme Mey 110:112 arg1 root 80:83 root 80:83 root of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey 80:112 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from root of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey. 25858247 1 15 dep actinobacterium 50:64 arg1 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from root of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey. 25858247 3 16 theme optimum 531:537 arg1 NaCl 519:522 0-13% NaCl 513:522 0-13% NaCl (w/v) (optimum 0-5%) 513:543 Growth occurred at 5-35 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), at pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7-8) and with 0-13% NaCl (w/v) (optimum 0-5%). 25858247 3 16 theme optimum 531:537 arg1 % 542:542 optimum 0-5% 531:542 optimum 0-5% 531:542 Growth occurred at 5-35 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), at pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7-8) and with 0-13% NaCl (w/v) (optimum 0-5%). 25858247 11 17 theme DNA-DNA 1453:1459 arg1 data 1475:1478 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1453:1478 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1453:1478 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500322(T) should represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 25858247 11 17 theme DNA-DNA 1453:1459 arg1 6500322 1492:1498 strain EGI 6500322 1481:1498 strain EGI 6500322(T) 1481:1501 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500322(T) should represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 25858247 2 18 theme strain 257:262 arg1 T 276:276 T 276:276 T 276:276 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 18 theme strain 257:262 arg1 6500322 268:274 designated strain EGI 6500322 246:274 designated strain EGI 6500322(T) 246:277 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 18 theme strain 257:262 arg1 actinobacterium 229:243 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium 115:243 actinobacterium 229:243 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 8 19 theme G+C 904:906 arg1 content 908:914 The DNA G+C content 896:914 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500322(T) 896:939 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500322(T) was 62.0 mol%. 25858247 8 19 theme G+C 904:906 arg1 % 953:953 62.0 mol% 945:953 62.0 mol% 945:953 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500322(T) was 62.0 mol%. 25858247 10 20 theme 6500322 1216:1222 arg1 T 1266:1266 T 1266:1266 T 1266:1266 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T) was 53.4 ± 4.1% and 30.5 ± 1.7%, respectively. 25858247 10 20 theme 6500322 1216:1222 arg1 T 1224:1224 strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432 1205:1264 T 1224:1224 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T) was 53.4 ± 4.1% and 30.5 ± 1.7%, respectively. 25858247 11 21 theme strain 1481:1486 arg1 data 1475:1478 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1453:1478 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1453:1478 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500322(T) should represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 25858247 11 21 theme strain 1481:1486 arg1 T 1500:1500 T 1500:1500 T 1500:1500 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500322(T) should represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 25858247 11 21 theme strain 1481:1486 arg1 6500322 1492:1498 strain EGI 6500322 1481:1498 strain EGI 6500322(T) 1481:1501 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500322(T) should represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 25858247 5 22 theme fatty 611:615 arg1 acids 617:621 The major cellular fatty acids 592:621 The major cellular fatty acids 592:621 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (49.5%) and iso-C15:0 (15.1%). 25858247 5 22 theme fatty 611:615 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 628:640 anteiso-C15:0 628:640 anteiso-C15:0 628:640 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (49.5%) and iso-C15:0 (15.1%). 25858247 13 23 theme = 1681:1681 arg1 30091 1687:1691  = CTC 29490(T) = JCM 30091 1665:1691  = CTC 29490(T) = JCM 30091(T) 1665:1694 The type strain is EGI 6500322(T) ( = CTC 29490(T) = JCM 30091(T)). 25858247 13 23 theme = 1681:1681 arg1 6500322 1653:1659 EGI 6500322 1649:1659 EGI 6500322(T) ( = CTC 29490(T) = JCM 30091(T)) 1649:1695 The type strain is EGI 6500322(T) ( = CTC 29490(T) = JCM 30091(T)). 25858247 13 23 theme = 1681:1681 arg1 T 1693:1693 T 1693:1693 T 1693:1693 The type strain is EGI 6500322(T) ( = CTC 29490(T) = JCM 30091(T)). 25858247 10 24 theme ardleyensis 1244:1254 arg1 DSM 1256:1258 strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432 1205:1264 DSM 1256:1258 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T) was 53.4 ± 4.1% and 30.5 ± 1.7%, respectively. 25858247 8 25 theme EGI 926:928 arg1 6500322 930:936 strain EGI 6500322 919:936 strain EGI 6500322(T) 919:939 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500322(T) was 62.0 mol%. 25858247 8 25 theme EGI 926:928 arg1 T 938:938 T 938:938 T 938:938 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500322(T) was 62.0 mol%. 25858247 9 26 dep T 1161:1161 arg1 % 1169:1169 98.37% 1164:1169 98.37% 1164:1169 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 11 27 theme phylogenetic 1375:1386 arg1 analysis 1388:1395 the phylogenetic analysis 1371:1395 the phylogenetic analysis 1371:1395 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500322(T) should represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 25858247 11 28 theme Arthrobacter 1582:1593 arg1 sp 1608:1609 the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp 1573:1609 the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp 1573:1609 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500322(T) should represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 25858247 0 29 theme Arthrobacter 0:11 arg1 sp 26:27 Arthrobacter endophyticus sp 0:27 Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 0:28 Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 25858247 9 30 theme Arthrobacter 1129:1140 arg1 DSM 1151:1153 Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367 1129:1159 Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%) 1129:1170 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 9 30 theme Arthrobacter 1129:1140 arg1 T 1161:1161 T 1161:1161 T 1161:1161 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 9 30 theme Arthrobacter 1129:1140 arg1 neighbours 1023:1032 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 998:1032 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) 998:1057 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 2 31 theme non-motile 166:175 arg1 6500322 268:274 designated strain EGI 6500322 246:274 designated strain EGI 6500322(T) 246:277 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 31 theme non-motile 166:175 arg1 actinobacterium 229:243 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium 115:243 actinobacterium 229:243 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 10 32 theme bergerei 1286:1293 arg1 DSM 1295:1297 Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367 1273:1303 Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T) 1273:1306 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T) was 53.4 ± 4.1% and 30.5 ± 1.7%, respectively. 25858247 10 32 theme bergerei 1286:1293 arg1 T 1305:1305 T 1305:1305 T 1305:1305 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T) was 53.4 ± 4.1% and 30.5 ± 1.7%, respectively. 25858247 2 33 theme aerobic 157:163 arg1 6500322 268:274 designated strain EGI 6500322 246:274 designated strain EGI 6500322(T) 246:277 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 33 theme aerobic 157:163 arg1 actinobacterium 229:243 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium 115:243 actinobacterium 229:243 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 9 34 theme rRNA 969:972 arg1 analysis 988:995 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 965:995 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 965:995 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 11 35 theme Arthrobacter 1549:1560 arg1 species 1528:1534 a novel species 1520:1534 a novel species 1520:1534 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500322(T) should represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 25858247 9 36 theme EGI 1044:1046 arg1 6500322 1048:1054 strain EGI 6500322 1037:1054 strain EGI 6500322(T) 1037:1057 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 9 36 theme EGI 1044:1046 arg1 T 1056:1056 T 1056:1056 T 1056:1056 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 9 37 theme sequence 979:986 arg1 analysis 988:995 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 965:995 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 965:995 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 11 38 dep analysis 1388:1395 arg1 the 1358:1360 the 1358:1360 the 1358:1360 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500322(T) should represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 25858247 11 38 dep analysis 1388:1395 arg1 basis 1362:1366 basis 1362:1366 basis 1362:1366 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500322(T) should represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 25858247 6 39 theme cell-wall 677:685 arg1 peptidoglycan 687:699 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 673:699 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 673:699 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, alanine and glutamic acid. 25858247 11 40 theme physiological 1419:1431 arg1 characteristics 1433:1447 physiological characteristics 1419:1447 physiological characteristics 1419:1447 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500322(T) should represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 25858247 7 41 theme polar 756:760 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 774:795 diphosphatidylglycerol 774:795 diphosphatidylglycerol 774:795 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown glycolipid. 25858247 7 41 theme polar 756:760 arg1 lipids 762:767 The major polar lipids 746:767 The major polar lipids 746:767 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown glycolipid. 25858247 1 42 theme endophytic 39:48 arg1 actinobacterium 50:64 an endophytic actinobacterium 36:64 an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from root of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey 36:112 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from root of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey. 25858247 9 43 theme nearest 1002:1008 arg1 DSM 1151:1153 Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367 1129:1159 Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%) 1129:1170 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 9 43 theme nearest 1002:1008 arg1 DSM 1103:1105 Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432 1078:1111 Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) 1078:1123 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 9 43 theme nearest 1002:1008 arg1 neighbours 1023:1032 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 998:1032 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) 998:1057 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 10 44 theme ± 1317:1317 arg1 relatedness 1185:1195 The DNA-DNA relatedness 1173:1195 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T) 1173:1306 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T) was 53.4 ± 4.1% and 30.5 ± 1.7%, respectively. 25858247 10 44 theme ± 1317:1317 arg1 % 1322:1322 53.4 ± 4.1% 1312:1322 53.4 ± 4.1% 1312:1322 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T) was 53.4 ± 4.1% and 30.5 ± 1.7%, respectively. 25858247 13 45 theme type 1634:1637 arg1 strain 1639:1644 The type strain 1630:1644 The type strain 1630:1644 The type strain is EGI 6500322(T) ( = CTC 29490(T) = JCM 30091(T)). 25858247 13 45 theme type 1634:1637 arg1 6500322 1653:1659 EGI 6500322 1649:1659 EGI 6500322(T) ( = CTC 29490(T) = JCM 30091(T)) 1649:1695 The type strain is EGI 6500322(T) ( = CTC 29490(T) = JCM 30091(T)). 25858247 3 46 theme optimum 488:494 arg1 pH 496:497 optimum pH 7-8 488:501 optimum pH 7-8 488:501 Growth occurred at 5-35 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), at pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7-8) and with 0-13% NaCl (w/v) (optimum 0-5%). 25858247 3 46 theme optimum 488:494 arg1 pH 479:480 pH 5-10 479:485 pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7-8) 479:502 Growth occurred at 5-35 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), at pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7-8) and with 0-13% NaCl (w/v) (optimum 0-5%). 25858247 2 47 theme white-coloured 141:154 arg1 6500322 268:274 designated strain EGI 6500322 246:274 designated strain EGI 6500322(T) 246:277 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 47 theme white-coloured 141:154 arg1 actinobacterium 229:243 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium 115:243 actinobacterium 229:243 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 9 48 theme strain 1037:1042 arg1 6500322 1048:1054 strain EGI 6500322 1037:1054 strain EGI 6500322(T) 1037:1057 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 9 48 theme strain 1037:1042 arg1 T 1056:1056 T 1056:1056 T 1056:1056 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 2 49 theme Gram-staining-positive 117:138 arg1 6500322 268:274 designated strain EGI 6500322 246:274 designated strain EGI 6500322(T) 246:277 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 49 theme Gram-staining-positive 117:138 arg1 actinobacterium 229:243 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium 115:243 actinobacterium 229:243 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 9 50 theme 6500322 1048:1054 arg1 DSM 1151:1153 Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367 1129:1159 Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%) 1129:1170 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 9 50 theme 6500322 1048:1054 arg1 DSM 1103:1105 Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432 1078:1111 Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) 1078:1123 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 9 50 theme 6500322 1048:1054 arg1 neighbours 1023:1032 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 998:1032 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) 998:1057 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 2 51 theme surface-sterilized 302:319 arg1 root 321:324 the surface-sterilized root 298:324 the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province 298:408 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 51 theme surface-sterilized 302:319 arg1 China 422:426 north-west China 411:426 north-west China 411:426 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 8 52 theme DNA 900:902 arg1 content 908:914 The DNA G+C content 896:914 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500322(T) 896:939 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500322(T) was 62.0 mol%. 25858247 8 52 theme DNA 900:902 arg1 % 953:953 62.0 mol% 945:953 62.0 mol% 945:953 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500322(T) was 62.0 mol%. 25858247 10 53 theme DNA-DNA 1177:1183 arg1 relatedness 1185:1195 The DNA-DNA relatedness 1173:1195 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T) 1173:1306 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T) was 53.4 ± 4.1% and 30.5 ± 1.7%, respectively. 25858247 10 53 theme DNA-DNA 1177:1183 arg1 % 1322:1322 53.4 ± 4.1% 1312:1322 53.4 ± 4.1% 1312:1322 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T) was 53.4 ± 4.1% and 30.5 ± 1.7%, respectively. 25858247 2 54 attach isolated 284:291 arg1 root 321:324 the surface-sterilized root 298:324 the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province 298:408 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 54 attach isolated 284:291 arg2 6500322 268:274 designated strain EGI 6500322 246:274 designated strain EGI 6500322(T) 246:277 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 54 attach isolated 284:291 arg1 China 422:426 north-west China 411:426 north-west China 411:426 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 54 attach isolated 284:291 arg2 actinobacterium 229:243 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium 115:243 actinobacterium 229:243 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 55 theme designated 246:255 arg1 T 276:276 T 276:276 T 276:276 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 55 theme designated 246:255 arg1 6500322 268:274 designated strain EGI 6500322 246:274 designated strain EGI 6500322(T) 246:277 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 55 theme designated 246:255 arg1 actinobacterium 229:243 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium 115:243 actinobacterium 229:243 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 3 56 theme 0-13 513:516 arg1 % 517:517 % 517:517 % 517:517 Growth occurred at 5-35 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), at pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7-8) and with 0-13% NaCl (w/v) (optimum 0-5%). 25858247 2 57 theme oxidase-negative 200:215 arg1 6500322 268:274 designated strain EGI 6500322 246:274 designated strain EGI 6500322(T) 246:277 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 57 theme oxidase-negative 200:215 arg1 actinobacterium 229:243 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium 115:243 actinobacterium 229:243 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 11 58 theme novel 1522:1526 arg1 species 1528:1534 a novel species 1520:1534 a novel species 1520:1534 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500322(T) should represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 25858247 9 59 theme ardleyensis 1091:1101 arg1 % 1122:1122 98.38% 1117:1122 98.38% 1117:1122 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 9 59 theme ardleyensis 1091:1101 arg1 DSM 1103:1105 Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432 1078:1111 Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) 1078:1123 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 9 59 theme ardleyensis 1091:1101 arg1 T 1113:1113 T 1113:1113 T 1113:1113 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 9 59 theme ardleyensis 1091:1101 arg1 neighbours 1023:1032 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 998:1032 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) 998:1057 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 2 60 theme EGI 264:266 arg1 T 276:276 T 276:276 T 276:276 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 60 theme EGI 264:266 arg1 6500322 268:274 designated strain EGI 6500322 246:274 designated strain EGI 6500322(T) 246:277 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 60 theme EGI 264:266 arg1 actinobacterium 229:243 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium 115:243 actinobacterium 229:243 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 7 61 theme unknown 876:882 arg1 glycolipid 884:893 one unknown glycolipid 872:893 one unknown glycolipid 872:893 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown glycolipid. 25858247 3 62 theme optimum 457:463 arg1 °C 471:472 optimum 25-30 °C 457:472 optimum 25-30 °C 457:472 Growth occurred at 5-35 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), at pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7-8) and with 0-13% NaCl (w/v) (optimum 0-5%). 25858247 3 62 theme optimum 457:463 arg1 °C 453:454 5-35 °C 448:454 5-35 °C (optimum 25-30 °C) 448:473 Growth occurred at 5-35 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), at pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7-8) and with 0-13% NaCl (w/v) (optimum 0-5%). 25858247 11 63 theme hybridization 1461:1473 arg1 data 1475:1478 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1453:1478 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1453:1478 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500322(T) should represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 25858247 11 63 theme hybridization 1461:1473 arg1 6500322 1492:1498 strain EGI 6500322 1481:1498 strain EGI 6500322(T) 1481:1501 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500322(T) should represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 25858247 6 64 contain contained 701:709 arg1 peptidoglycan 687:699 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 673:699 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 673:699 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, alanine and glutamic acid. 25858247 6 64 contain contained 701:709 arg2 alanine 719:725 alanine 719:725 alanine 719:725 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, alanine and glutamic acid. 25858247 6 64 contain contained 701:709 arg2 lysine 711:716 lysine 711:716 lysine 711:716 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, alanine and glutamic acid. 25858247 6 64 contain contained 701:709 arg2 acid 740:743 glutamic acid 731:743 glutamic acid 731:743 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, alanine and glutamic acid. 25858247 5 65 theme cellular 602:609 arg1 acids 617:621 The major cellular fatty acids 592:621 The major cellular fatty acids 592:621 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (49.5%) and iso-C15:0 (15.1%). 25858247 5 65 theme cellular 602:609 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 628:640 anteiso-C15:0 628:640 anteiso-C15:0 628:640 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (49.5%) and iso-C15:0 (15.1%). 25858247 8 66 theme strain 919:924 arg1 6500322 930:936 strain EGI 6500322 919:936 strain EGI 6500322(T) 919:939 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500322(T) was 62.0 mol%. 25858247 8 66 theme strain 919:924 arg1 T 938:938 T 938:938 T 938:938 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500322(T) was 62.0 mol%. 25858247 7 67 theme unknown 846:852 arg1 phospholipids 854:866 two unknown phospholipids 842:866 two unknown phospholipids 842:866 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown glycolipid. 25858247 10 68 theme EGI 1212:1214 arg1 T 1266:1266 T 1266:1266 T 1266:1266 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T) was 53.4 ± 4.1% and 30.5 ± 1.7%, respectively. 25858247 10 68 theme EGI 1212:1214 arg1 T 1224:1224 strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432 1205:1264 T 1224:1224 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T) was 53.4 ± 4.1% and 30.5 ± 1.7%, respectively. 25858247 11 69 theme EGI 1488:1490 arg1 data 1475:1478 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1453:1478 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1453:1478 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500322(T) should represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 25858247 11 69 theme EGI 1488:1490 arg1 T 1500:1500 T 1500:1500 T 1500:1500 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500322(T) should represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 25858247 11 69 theme EGI 1488:1490 arg1 6500322 1492:1498 strain EGI 6500322 1481:1498 strain EGI 6500322(T) 1481:1501 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500322(T) should represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 25858247 13 70 theme JCM 1683:1685 arg1 30091 1687:1691  = CTC 29490(T) = JCM 30091 1665:1691  = CTC 29490(T) = JCM 30091(T) 1665:1694 The type strain is EGI 6500322(T) ( = CTC 29490(T) = JCM 30091(T)). 25858247 13 70 theme JCM 1683:1685 arg1 6500322 1653:1659 EGI 6500322 1649:1659 EGI 6500322(T) ( = CTC 29490(T) = JCM 30091(T)) 1649:1695 The type strain is EGI 6500322(T) ( = CTC 29490(T) = JCM 30091(T)). 25858247 13 70 theme JCM 1683:1685 arg1 T 1693:1693 T 1693:1693 T 1693:1693 The type strain is EGI 6500322(T) ( = CTC 29490(T) = JCM 30091(T)). 25858247 8 71 theme 6500322 930:936 arg1 content 908:914 The DNA G+C content 896:914 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500322(T) 896:939 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500322(T) was 62.0 mol%. 25858247 8 71 theme 6500322 930:936 arg1 % 953:953 62.0 mol% 945:953 62.0 mol% 945:953 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500322(T) was 62.0 mol%. 25858247 10 72 theme Arthrobacter 1231:1242 arg1 DSM 1256:1258 strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432 1205:1264 DSM 1256:1258 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T) was 53.4 ± 4.1% and 30.5 ± 1.7%, respectively. 25858247 3 73 theme 25-30 465:469 arg1 °C 471:472 optimum 25-30 °C 457:472 optimum 25-30 °C 457:472 Growth occurred at 5-35 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), at pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7-8) and with 0-13% NaCl (w/v) (optimum 0-5%). 25858247 3 73 theme 25-30 465:469 arg1 °C 453:454 5-35 °C 448:454 5-35 °C (optimum 25-30 °C) 448:473 Growth occurred at 5-35 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), at pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7-8) and with 0-13% NaCl (w/v) (optimum 0-5%). 25858247 0 74 theme endophyticus 13:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Arthrobacter endophyticus sp 0:27 Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 0:28 Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 25858247 2 75 theme catalase-positive 178:194 arg1 6500322 268:274 designated strain EGI 6500322 246:274 designated strain EGI 6500322(T) 246:277 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 75 theme catalase-positive 178:194 arg1 actinobacterium 229:243 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium 115:243 actinobacterium 229:243 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 76 theme Mey 365:367 arg1 root 321:324 the surface-sterilized root 298:324 the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province 298:408 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 76 theme Mey 365:367 arg1 China 422:426 north-west China 411:426 north-west China 411:426 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 9 77 theme bergerei 1142:1149 arg1 DSM 1151:1153 Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367 1129:1159 Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%) 1129:1170 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 9 77 theme bergerei 1142:1149 arg1 T 1161:1161 T 1161:1161 T 1161:1161 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 9 77 theme bergerei 1142:1149 arg1 neighbours 1023:1032 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 998:1032 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) 998:1057 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 2 78 theme north-west 411:420 arg1 root 321:324 the surface-sterilized root 298:324 the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province 298:408 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 2 78 theme north-west 411:420 arg1 China 422:426 north-west China 411:426 north-west China 411:426 A Gram-staining-positive, white-coloured, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500322(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of the halophyte Salsola affinis C. A. Mey collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. 25858247 11 79 theme chemotaxonomic 1398:1411 arg1 data 1413:1416 chemotaxonomic data 1398:1416 chemotaxonomic data 1398:1416 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500322(T) should represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 25858247 8 80 theme mol 950:952 arg1 content 908:914 The DNA G+C content 896:914 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500322(T) 896:939 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500322(T) was 62.0 mol%. 25858247 8 80 theme mol 950:952 arg1 % 953:953 62.0 mol% 945:953 62.0 mol% 945:953 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500322(T) was 62.0 mol%. 25858247 3 81 theme 0-5 539:541 arg1 NaCl 519:522 0-13% NaCl 513:522 0-13% NaCl (w/v) (optimum 0-5%) 513:543 Growth occurred at 5-35 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), at pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7-8) and with 0-13% NaCl (w/v) (optimum 0-5%). 25858247 3 81 theme 0-5 539:541 arg1 % 542:542 optimum 0-5% 531:542 optimum 0-5% 531:542 Growth occurred at 5-35 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), at pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7-8) and with 0-13% NaCl (w/v) (optimum 0-5%). 25858247 9 82 theme 16S 965:967 arg1 analysis 988:995 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 965:995 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 965:995 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 10 83 theme Arthrobacter 1273:1284 arg1 DSM 1295:1297 Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367 1273:1303 Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T) 1273:1306 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T) was 53.4 ± 4.1% and 30.5 ± 1.7%, respectively. 25858247 10 83 theme Arthrobacter 1273:1284 arg1 T 1305:1305 T 1305:1305 T 1305:1305 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500322(T) and Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T) was 53.4 ± 4.1% and 30.5 ± 1.7%, respectively. 25858247 9 84 theme gene 974:977 arg1 analysis 988:995 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 965:995 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 965:995 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain EGI 6500322(T) were identified as Arthrobacter ardleyensis DSM 17432(T) (98.38%) and Arthrobacter bergerei DSM 16367(T (98.37%). 25858247 11 85 theme genus 1543:1547 arg1 Arthrobacter 1549:1560 the genus Arthrobacter 1539:1560 the genus Arthrobacter 1539:1560 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500322(T) should represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 25858247 7 86 theme major 750:754 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 774:795 diphosphatidylglycerol 774:795 diphosphatidylglycerol 774:795 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown glycolipid. 25858247 7 86 theme major 750:754 arg1 lipids 762:767 The major polar lipids 746:767 The major polar lipids 746:767 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown glycolipid. 25858247 11 87 theme name 1577:1580 arg1 sp 1608:1609 the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp 1573:1609 the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp 1573:1609 On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500322(T) should represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter endophyticus sp. 28068214 4 0 theme other 520:524 arg1 species 540:546 all other Paenibacillus species 516:546 all other Paenibacillus species 516:546 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other Paenibacillus species was ≤97.5 %. 28068214 10 1 theme Paenibacillus 1506:1518 arg1 genus 1500:1504 the genus Paenibacillus 1496:1518 the genus Paenibacillus 1496:1518 Thus, strain JJ-64T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus rhizoplanae sp. 28068214 5 2 theme type 597:600 arg1 strains 602:608 the type strains 593:608 the type strains of P. silagei and P. borealis 593:638 DNA-DNA hybridization values to the type strains of P. silagei and P. borealis were 51 % (reciprocal 25 %) and 31 % (reciprocal 37 %), respectively. 28068214 9 3 theme JJ-64T 1400:1405 arg1 differentiation 1374:1388 the further phenotypic differentiation 1351:1388 the further phenotypic differentiation of strain JJ-64T from the most closely related species 1351:1443 Physiological and biochemical characteristics allowed the further phenotypic differentiation of strain JJ-64T from the most closely related species. 28068214 6 4 theme peptidoglycan 789:801 arg1 pattern 845:851 the polyamine pattern 831:851 the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component 831:890 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 6 4 theme peptidoglycan 789:801 arg1 acid 777:780 the diagnostic diamino acid 754:780 the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 754:801 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 6 4 theme peptidoglycan 789:801 arg1 MK-7 822:825 the major quinone MK-7 804:825 the major quinone MK-7 804:825 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 6 5 with pattern 845:851 arg1 spermidine 858:867 spermidine 858:867 spermidine 858:867 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 10 6 theme Paenibacillus 1540:1552 arg1 sp 1566:1567 the name Paenibacillus rhizoplanae sp 1531:1567 the name Paenibacillus rhizoplanae sp 1531:1567 Thus, strain JJ-64T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus rhizoplanae sp. 28068214 5 7 theme hybridization 569:581 arg1 values 583:588 DNA-DNA hybridization values 561:588 DNA-DNA hybridization values to the type strains of P. silagei and P. borealis 561:638 DNA-DNA hybridization values to the type strains of P. silagei and P. borealis were 51 % (reciprocal 25 %) and 31 % (reciprocal 37 %), respectively. 28068214 6 8 theme diamino 769:775 arg1 pattern 845:851 the polyamine pattern 831:851 the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component 831:890 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 6 8 theme diamino 769:775 arg1 acid 777:780 the diagnostic diamino acid 754:780 the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 754:801 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 6 8 theme diamino 769:775 arg1 MK-7 822:825 the major quinone MK-7 804:825 the major quinone MK-7 804:825 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 6 9 with MK-7 822:825 arg1 spermidine 858:867 spermidine 858:867 spermidine 858:867 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 7 10 theme strain 1003:1008 arg1 JJ-64T 1010:1015 strain JJ-64T 1003:1015 strain JJ-64T 1003:1015 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 28068214 3 11 theme gene 264:267 arg1 comparisons 289:299 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 255:299 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 255:299 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-64T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %). 28068214 6 12 theme polyamine 835:843 arg1 pattern 845:851 the polyamine pattern 831:851 the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component 831:890 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 6 12 theme polyamine 835:843 arg1 acid 777:780 the diagnostic diamino acid 754:780 the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 754:801 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 3 13 theme 16S 255:257 arg1 comparisons 289:299 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 255:299 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 255:299 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-64T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %). 28068214 2 14 theme Gram-stain-positive 81:99 arg1 strain 139:144 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain 79:144 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays 79:186 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays was studied to determine its detailed taxonomic position. 28068214 2 15 theme detailed 217:224 arg1 position 236:243 its detailed taxonomic position 213:243 its detailed taxonomic position 213:243 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays was studied to determine its detailed taxonomic position. 28068214 6 16 with line 905:908 arg1 characteristics 919:933 the characteristics 915:933 the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus 915:960 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 8 17 theme Major 1236:1240 arg1 acids 1248:1252 Major fatty acids 1236:1252 Major fatty acids 1236:1252 Major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched components. 28068214 5 18 theme silagei 616:622 arg1 strains 602:608 the type strains 593:608 the type strains of P. silagei and P. borealis 593:638 DNA-DNA hybridization values to the type strains of P. silagei and P. borealis were 51 % (reciprocal 25 %) and 31 % (reciprocal 37 %), respectively. 28068214 6 19 theme quinone 814:820 arg1 MK-7 822:825 the major quinone MK-7 804:825 the major quinone MK-7 804:825 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 6 19 theme quinone 814:820 arg1 acid 777:780 the diagnostic diamino acid 754:780 the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 754:801 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 3 20 theme similarity 278:287 arg1 comparisons 289:299 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 255:299 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 255:299 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-64T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %). 28068214 5 21 theme P. 628:629 arg1 borealis 631:638 P. borealis 628:638 P. borealis 628:638 DNA-DNA hybridization values to the type strains of P. silagei and P. borealis were 51 % (reciprocal 25 %) and 31 % (reciprocal 37 %), respectively. 28068214 8 22 theme iso- 1259:1262 arg1 components 1285:1294 iso- and anteiso-branched components 1259:1294 iso- and anteiso-branched components 1259:1294 Major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched components. 28068214 7 23 dep lipids 1038:1043 arg1 phosphatidylserine 1117:1134 phosphatidylserine 1117:1134 phosphatidylserine 1117:1134 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 28068214 7 23 dep lipids 1038:1043 arg1 lipids 1038:1043 the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids 1022:1174 the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids 1022:1174 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 28068214 7 23 dep lipids 1038:1043 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1045:1066 diphosphatidylglycerol 1045:1066 diphosphatidylglycerol 1045:1066 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 28068214 7 23 dep lipids 1038:1043 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1069:1088 phosphatidylglycerol 1069:1088 phosphatidylglycerol 1069:1088 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 28068214 7 23 dep lipids 1038:1043 arg1 aminophospholipids 1157:1174 two unidentified aminophospholipids 1140:1174 two unidentified aminophospholipids 1140:1174 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 28068214 7 23 dep lipids 1038:1043 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1091:1114 phosphatidylethanolamine 1091:1114 phosphatidylethanolamine 1091:1114 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 28068214 8 24 theme anteiso-branched 1268:1283 arg1 components 1285:1294 iso- and anteiso-branched components 1259:1294 iso- and anteiso-branched components 1259:1294 Major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched components. 28068214 6 25 theme major 876:880 arg1 component 882:890 the major component 872:890 the major component 872:890 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 5 26 theme reciprocal 651:660 arg1 % 665:665 reciprocal 25 % 651:665 reciprocal 25 % 651:665 DNA-DNA hybridization values to the type strains of P. silagei and P. borealis were 51 % (reciprocal 25 %) and 31 % (reciprocal 37 %), respectively. 28068214 5 26 theme reciprocal 651:660 arg1 % 648:648 51 % 645:648 51 % (reciprocal 25 %) 645:666 DNA-DNA hybridization values to the type strains of P. silagei and P. borealis were 51 % (reciprocal 25 %) and 31 % (reciprocal 37 %), respectively. 28068214 12 27 theme 29875T=CCM 1620:1629 arg1 JJ-64T 1607:1612 JJ-64T 1607:1612 JJ-64T (=LMG 29875T=CCM 8725T) 1607:1636 The type strain is JJ-64T (=LMG 29875T=CCM 8725T). 28068214 12 27 theme 29875T=CCM 1620:1629 arg1 8725T 1631:1635 =LMG 29875T=CCM 8725T 1615:1635 =LMG 29875T=CCM 8725T 1615:1635 The type strain is JJ-64T (=LMG 29875T=CCM 8725T). 28068214 10 28 theme strain 1452:1457 arg1 JJ-64T 1459:1464 strain JJ-64T 1452:1464 strain JJ-64T 1452:1464 Thus, strain JJ-64T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus rhizoplanae sp. 28068214 1 29 theme Zea 69:71 arg1 mays 73:76 Zea mays 69:76 Zea mays 69:76 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays. 28068214 6 30 theme Paenibacillus 948:960 arg1 genus 942:946 the genus Paenibacillus 938:960 the genus Paenibacillus 938:960 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 3 31 theme Paenibacillus 354:366 arg1 genus 348:352 the genus Paenibacillus 344:366 the genus Paenibacillus 344:366 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-64T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %). 28068214 0 32 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 26:27 Paenibacillus rhizoplanae sp 0:27 Paenibacillus rhizoplanae sp. 0:28 Paenibacillus rhizoplanae sp. 28068214 4 33 theme gene 488:491 arg1 similarity 502:511 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 479:511 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other Paenibacillus species 479:546 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other Paenibacillus species was ≤97.5 %. 28068214 10 34 theme novel 1479:1483 arg1 species 1485:1491 a novel species 1477:1491 a novel species 1477:1491 Thus, strain JJ-64T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus rhizoplanae sp. 28068214 9 35 theme Physiological 1297:1309 arg1 characteristics 1327:1341 Physiological and biochemical characteristics 1297:1341 Physiological and biochemical characteristics 1297:1341 Physiological and biochemical characteristics allowed the further phenotypic differentiation of strain JJ-64T from the most closely related species. 28068214 6 36 theme diagnostic 758:767 arg1 pattern 845:851 the polyamine pattern 831:851 the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component 831:890 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 6 36 theme diagnostic 758:767 arg1 acid 777:780 the diagnostic diamino acid 754:780 the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 754:801 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 6 36 theme diagnostic 758:767 arg1 MK-7 822:825 the major quinone MK-7 804:825 the major quinone MK-7 804:825 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 3 37 theme related 382:388 arg1 JJ-64T 309:314 strain JJ-64T 302:314 strain JJ-64T 302:314 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-64T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %). 28068214 3 37 theme related 382:388 arg1 member 334:339 a member 332:339 a member 332:339 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-64T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %). 28068214 3 38 theme Paenibacillus 413:425 arg1 silagei 427:433 Paenibacillus silagei 413:433 Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) 413:440 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-64T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %). 28068214 3 38 theme Paenibacillus 413:425 arg1 % 439:439 99 % 436:439 99 % 436:439 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-64T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %). 28068214 7 39 theme predominant 1026:1036 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1045:1066 diphosphatidylglycerol 1045:1066 diphosphatidylglycerol 1045:1066 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 28068214 7 39 theme predominant 1026:1036 arg1 phosphatidylserine 1117:1134 phosphatidylserine 1117:1134 phosphatidylserine 1117:1134 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 28068214 7 39 theme predominant 1026:1036 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1091:1114 phosphatidylethanolamine 1091:1114 phosphatidylethanolamine 1091:1114 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 28068214 7 39 theme predominant 1026:1036 arg1 lipids 1038:1043 the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids 1022:1174 the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids 1022:1174 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 28068214 7 39 theme predominant 1026:1036 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1069:1088 phosphatidylglycerol 1069:1088 phosphatidylglycerol 1069:1088 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 28068214 9 40 theme biochemical 1315:1325 arg1 characteristics 1327:1341 Physiological and biochemical characteristics 1297:1341 Physiological and biochemical characteristics 1297:1341 Physiological and biochemical characteristics allowed the further phenotypic differentiation of strain JJ-64T from the most closely related species. 28068214 5 41 theme reciprocal 678:687 arg1 % 692:692 reciprocal 37 % 678:692 reciprocal 37 % 678:692 DNA-DNA hybridization values to the type strains of P. silagei and P. borealis were 51 % (reciprocal 25 %) and 31 % (reciprocal 37 %), respectively. 28068214 5 41 theme reciprocal 678:687 arg1 % 675:675 31 % 672:675 31 % (reciprocal 37 %) 672:693 DNA-DNA hybridization values to the type strains of P. silagei and P. borealis were 51 % (reciprocal 25 %) and 31 % (reciprocal 37 %), respectively. 28068214 10 42 theme genus 1500:1504 arg1 species 1485:1491 a novel species 1477:1491 a novel species 1477:1491 Thus, strain JJ-64T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus rhizoplanae sp. 28068214 6 43 theme meso-diaminopimelic 726:744 arg1 acid 746:749 meso-diaminopimelic acid 726:749 meso-diaminopimelic acid 726:749 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 7 44 theme polar 980:984 arg1 profile 992:998 the polar lipid profile 976:998 the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids 976:1174 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 28068214 4 45 theme 16S 479:481 arg1 similarity 502:511 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 479:511 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other Paenibacillus species 479:546 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other Paenibacillus species was ≤97.5 %. 28068214 9 46 theme further 1355:1361 arg1 differentiation 1374:1388 the further phenotypic differentiation 1351:1388 the further phenotypic differentiation of strain JJ-64T from the most closely related species 1351:1443 Physiological and biochemical characteristics allowed the further phenotypic differentiation of strain JJ-64T from the most closely related species. 28068214 2 47 theme mays 183:186 arg1 rhizosphere 164:174 the rhizosphere 160:174 the rhizosphere of Zea mays 160:186 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays was studied to determine its detailed taxonomic position. 28068214 7 48 theme JJ-64T 1010:1015 arg1 profile 992:998 the polar lipid profile 976:998 the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids 976:1174 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 28068214 6 49 theme major 808:812 arg1 MK-7 822:825 the major quinone MK-7 804:825 the major quinone MK-7 804:825 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 6 49 theme major 808:812 arg1 acid 777:780 the diagnostic diamino acid 754:780 the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 754:801 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 7 50 theme phylogenetic 1196:1207 arg1 relatedness 1209:1219 the close phylogenetic relatedness 1186:1219 the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei 1186:1233 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 28068214 3 51 theme borealis 460:467 arg1 strains 402:408 the type strains 393:408 the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %) 393:476 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-64T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %). 28068214 9 52 theme strain 1393:1398 arg1 JJ-64T 1400:1405 strain JJ-64T 1393:1405 strain JJ-64T 1393:1405 Physiological and biochemical characteristics allowed the further phenotypic differentiation of strain JJ-64T from the most closely related species. 28068214 10 53 theme rhizoplanae 1554:1564 arg1 sp 1566:1567 the name Paenibacillus rhizoplanae sp 1531:1567 the name Paenibacillus rhizoplanae sp 1531:1567 Thus, strain JJ-64T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus rhizoplanae sp. 28068214 7 54 theme lipid 986:990 arg1 profile 992:998 the polar lipid profile 976:998 the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids 976:1174 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 28068214 4 55 theme Paenibacillus 526:538 arg1 species 540:546 all other Paenibacillus species 516:546 all other Paenibacillus species 516:546 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other Paenibacillus species was ≤97.5 %. 28068214 10 56 theme name 1535:1538 arg1 sp 1566:1567 the name Paenibacillus rhizoplanae sp 1531:1567 the name Paenibacillus rhizoplanae sp 1531:1567 Thus, strain JJ-64T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus rhizoplanae sp. 28068214 5 57 theme DNA-DNA 561:567 arg1 hybridization 569:581 DNA-DNA hybridization 561:581 DNA-DNA hybridization values to the type strains of P. silagei and P. borealis 561:638 DNA-DNA hybridization values to the type strains of P. silagei and P. borealis were 51 % (reciprocal 25 %) and 31 % (reciprocal 37 %), respectively. 28068214 2 58 theme bacterial 129:137 arg1 strain 139:144 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain 79:144 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays 79:186 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays was studied to determine its detailed taxonomic position. 28068214 9 59 theme related 1429:1435 arg1 species 1437:1443 the most closely related species 1412:1443 the most closely related species 1412:1443 Physiological and biochemical characteristics allowed the further phenotypic differentiation of strain JJ-64T from the most closely related species. 28068214 5 60 theme borealis 631:638 arg1 strains 602:608 the type strains 593:608 the type strains of P. silagei and P. borealis 593:638 DNA-DNA hybridization values to the type strains of P. silagei and P. borealis were 51 % (reciprocal 25 %) and 31 % (reciprocal 37 %), respectively. 28068214 12 61 theme type 1592:1595 arg1 JJ-64T 1607:1612 JJ-64T 1607:1612 JJ-64T (=LMG 29875T=CCM 8725T) 1607:1636 The type strain is JJ-64T (=LMG 29875T=CCM 8725T). 28068214 12 61 theme type 1592:1595 arg1 strain 1597:1602 The type strain 1588:1602 The type strain 1588:1602 The type strain is JJ-64T (=LMG 29875T=CCM 8725T). 28068214 3 62 theme sequence 269:276 arg1 comparisons 289:299 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 255:299 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 255:299 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-64T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %). 28068214 2 63 theme taxonomic 226:234 arg1 position 236:243 its detailed taxonomic position 213:243 its detailed taxonomic position 213:243 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays was studied to determine its detailed taxonomic position. 28068214 3 64 theme rRNA 259:262 arg1 comparisons 289:299 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 255:299 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 255:299 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-64T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %). 28068214 3 65 theme strain 302:307 arg1 JJ-64T 309:314 strain JJ-64T 302:314 strain JJ-64T 302:314 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-64T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %). 28068214 3 65 theme strain 302:307 arg1 member 334:339 a member 332:339 a member 332:339 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-64T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %). 28068214 8 66 theme fatty 1242:1246 arg1 acids 1248:1252 Major fatty acids 1236:1252 Major fatty acids 1236:1252 Major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched components. 28068214 7 67 theme unidentified 1144:1155 arg1 aminophospholipids 1157:1174 two unidentified aminophospholipids 1140:1174 two unidentified aminophospholipids 1140:1174 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 28068214 2 68 dep Gram-stain-positive 81:99 arg1 endospore-forming 111:127 endospore-forming 111:127 endospore-forming 111:127 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays was studied to determine its detailed taxonomic position. 28068214 2 68 dep Gram-stain-positive 81:99 arg1 aerobic 102:108 aerobic 102:108 aerobic 102:108 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays was studied to determine its detailed taxonomic position. 28068214 5 69 theme 25  662:664 arg1 % 665:665 reciprocal 25 % 651:665 reciprocal 25 % 651:665 DNA-DNA hybridization values to the type strains of P. silagei and P. borealis were 51 % (reciprocal 25 %) and 31 % (reciprocal 37 %), respectively. 28068214 5 69 theme 25  662:664 arg1 % 648:648 51 % 645:648 51 % (reciprocal 25 %) 645:666 DNA-DNA hybridization values to the type strains of P. silagei and P. borealis were 51 % (reciprocal 25 %) and 31 % (reciprocal 37 %), respectively. 28068214 12 70 theme =LMG 1615:1618 arg1 JJ-64T 1607:1612 JJ-64T 1607:1612 JJ-64T (=LMG 29875T=CCM 8725T) 1607:1636 The type strain is JJ-64T (=LMG 29875T=CCM 8725T). 28068214 12 70 theme =LMG 1615:1618 arg1 8725T 1631:1635 =LMG 29875T=CCM 8725T 1615:1635 =LMG 29875T=CCM 8725T 1615:1635 The type strain is JJ-64T (=LMG 29875T=CCM 8725T). 28068214 0 71 theme rhizoplanae 14:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Paenibacillus rhizoplanae sp 0:27 Paenibacillus rhizoplanae sp. 0:28 Paenibacillus rhizoplanae sp. 28068214 1 72 theme mays 73:76 arg1 rhizosphere 54:64 the rhizosphere 50:64 the rhizosphere of Zea mays 50:76 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays. 28068214 6 73 theme genus 942:946 arg1 characteristics 919:933 the characteristics 915:933 the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus 915:960 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 4 74 theme sequence 493:500 arg1 similarity 502:511 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 479:511 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other Paenibacillus species 479:546 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other Paenibacillus species was ≤97.5 %. 28068214 3 75 theme type 397:400 arg1 strains 402:408 the type strains 393:408 the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %) 393:476 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-64T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %). 28068214 3 76 theme genus 348:352 arg1 JJ-64T 309:314 strain JJ-64T 302:314 strain JJ-64T 302:314 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-64T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %). 28068214 3 76 theme genus 348:352 arg1 member 334:339 a member 332:339 a member 332:339 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-64T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %). 28068214 2 77 theme Zea 179:181 arg1 mays 183:186 Zea mays 179:186 Zea mays 179:186 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays was studied to determine its detailed taxonomic position. 28068214 3 78 theme silagei 427:433 arg1 strains 402:408 the type strains 393:408 the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %) 393:476 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-64T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %). 28068214 5 79 theme 37  689:691 arg1 % 692:692 reciprocal 37 % 678:692 reciprocal 37 % 678:692 DNA-DNA hybridization values to the type strains of P. silagei and P. borealis were 51 % (reciprocal 25 %) and 31 % (reciprocal 37 %), respectively. 28068214 5 79 theme 37  689:691 arg1 % 675:675 31 % 672:675 31 % (reciprocal 37 %) 672:693 DNA-DNA hybridization values to the type strains of P. silagei and P. borealis were 51 % (reciprocal 25 %) and 31 % (reciprocal 37 %), respectively. 28068214 6 80 theme acid 746:749 arg1 presence 714:721 The presence 710:721 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component 710:890 The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 28068214 2 81 attach isolated 146:153 arg2 strain 139:144 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain 79:144 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays 79:186 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays was studied to determine its detailed taxonomic position. 28068214 2 81 attach isolated 146:153 arg1 rhizosphere 164:174 the rhizosphere 160:174 the rhizosphere of Zea mays 160:186 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays was studied to determine its detailed taxonomic position. 28068214 4 82 theme rRNA 483:486 arg1 similarity 502:511 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 479:511 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other Paenibacillus species 479:546 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other Paenibacillus species was ≤97.5 %. 28068214 3 83 theme Paenibacillus 446:458 arg1 borealis 460:467 Paenibacillus borealis 446:467 Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %) 446:476 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-64T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %). 28068214 3 83 theme Paenibacillus 446:458 arg1 % 475:475 97.5 % 470:475 97.5 % 470:475 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-64T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %). 28068214 7 84 with profile 992:998 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1045:1066 diphosphatidylglycerol 1045:1066 diphosphatidylglycerol 1045:1066 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 28068214 7 84 with profile 992:998 arg1 phosphatidylserine 1117:1134 phosphatidylserine 1117:1134 phosphatidylserine 1117:1134 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 28068214 7 84 with profile 992:998 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1091:1114 phosphatidylethanolamine 1091:1114 phosphatidylethanolamine 1091:1114 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 28068214 7 84 with profile 992:998 arg1 lipids 1038:1043 the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids 1022:1174 the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids 1022:1174 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 28068214 7 84 with profile 992:998 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1069:1088 phosphatidylglycerol 1069:1088 phosphatidylglycerol 1069:1088 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 28068214 9 85 theme phenotypic 1363:1372 arg1 differentiation 1374:1388 the further phenotypic differentiation 1351:1388 the further phenotypic differentiation of strain JJ-64T from the most closely related species 1351:1443 Physiological and biochemical characteristics allowed the further phenotypic differentiation of strain JJ-64T from the most closely related species. 28068214 9 86 from species 1437:1443 arg1 differentiation 1374:1388 the further phenotypic differentiation 1351:1388 the further phenotypic differentiation of strain JJ-64T from the most closely related species 1351:1443 Physiological and biochemical characteristics allowed the further phenotypic differentiation of strain JJ-64T from the most closely related species. 28068214 7 87 theme close 1190:1194 arg1 relatedness 1209:1219 the close phylogenetic relatedness 1186:1219 the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei 1186:1233 Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. 27561257 8 0 theme predominant 1009:1019 arg1 C17  1047:1050 C17  1047:1050 C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C16 : 0 1047:1072 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C16 : 0. 27561257 8 0 theme predominant 1009:1019 arg1 acids 1036:1040 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1005:1040 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1005:1040 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C16 : 0. 27561257 5 1 theme diagnostic 832:841 arg1 acid 851:854 the diagnostic diamino acid 828:854 the diagnostic diamino acid 828:854 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, with madurose, mannose and ribose as the main sugars. 27561257 5 1 theme diagnostic 832:841 arg1 acid 820:823 meso-diaminopimelic acid 800:823 meso-diaminopimelic acid 800:823 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, with madurose, mannose and ribose as the main sugars. 27561257 9 2 theme phosphatidylinositol 1274:1293 arg1 mannoside 1295:1303 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 1274:1303 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 1274:1303 Phospholipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, aminophospholipids and unidentified lipids. 27561257 11 3 theme genus 1548:1552 arg1 Nonomuraea 1554:1563 the genus Nonomuraea 1544:1563 the genus Nonomuraea 1544:1563 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, DNA-DNA relatedness and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain 1SM4-01T represents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea purpurea sp. 27561257 5 4 theme diamino 843:849 arg1 acid 851:854 the diagnostic diamino acid 828:854 the diagnostic diamino acid 828:854 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, with madurose, mannose and ribose as the main sugars. 27561257 5 4 theme diamino 843:849 arg1 acid 820:823 meso-diaminopimelic acid 800:823 meso-diaminopimelic acid 800:823 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, with madurose, mannose and ribose as the main sugars. 27561257 10 5 theme 70.4 mol 1389:1396 arg1 % 1397:1397 70.4 mol% 1389:1397 70.4 mol% 1389:1397 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.4 mol%. 27561257 10 5 theme 70.4 mol 1389:1396 arg1 content 1358:1364 The G+C content 1350:1364 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1350:1383 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.4 mol%. 27561257 13 6 theme type 1631:1634 arg1 1SM4-01T 1646:1653 1SM4-01T 1646:1653 1SM4-01T (=BCC 60397T=NBRC 109647T) 1646:1680 The type strain is 1SM4-01T (=BCC 60397T=NBRC 109647T). 27561257 13 6 theme type 1631:1634 arg1 strain 1636:1641 The type strain 1627:1641 The type strain 1627:1641 The type strain is 1SM4-01T (=BCC 60397T=NBRC 109647T). 27561257 3 7 theme genus 338:342 arg1 Nonomuraea 344:353 the genus Nonomuraea 334:353 the genus Nonomuraea 334:353 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the organism was a member of the genus Nonomuraea and was most closely related to Nonomuraea syzygii GKU 164T (98.7 % sequence similarity), Nonomuraea rhizophila YIM 67092T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea solani NEAU-Z6T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea monospora PT708T (98.3 %) and Nonomuraea thailandensis KC-061T (98.2 %). 27561257 5 8 contain contained 790:798 arg2 acid 820:823 meso-diaminopimelic acid 800:823 meso-diaminopimelic acid 800:823 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, with madurose, mannose and ribose as the main sugars. 27561257 5 8 contain contained 790:798 arg2 acid 851:854 the diagnostic diamino acid 828:854 the diagnostic diamino acid 828:854 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, with madurose, mannose and ribose as the main sugars. 27561257 5 8 contain contained 790:798 arg1 hydrolysates 777:788 The whole-cell hydrolysates 762:788 The whole-cell hydrolysates 762:788 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, with madurose, mannose and ribose as the main sugars. 27561257 4 9 theme straight 681:688 arg1 chains 690:695 straight chains 681:695 straight chains of rough-surfaced spores borne at the end of a short sporophore 681:759 The strain produced branching aerial mycelium which differentiated into straight chains of rough-surfaced spores borne at the end of a short sporophore. 27561257 3 10 theme Phylogenetic 235:246 arg1 analysis 248:255 Phylogenetic analysis 235:255 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 235:288 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the organism was a member of the genus Nonomuraea and was most closely related to Nonomuraea syzygii GKU 164T (98.7 % sequence similarity), Nonomuraea rhizophila YIM 67092T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea solani NEAU-Z6T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea monospora PT708T (98.3 %) and Nonomuraea thailandensis KC-061T (98.2 %). 27561257 1 11 dep actinomycete 33:44 arg1 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov., an actinomycete isolated from mangrove sediment. 27561257 1 12 theme mangrove 60:67 arg1 sediment 69:76 mangrove sediment 60:76 mangrove sediment 60:76 nov., an actinomycete isolated from mangrove sediment. 27561257 2 13 theme novel 124:128 arg1 actinomycete 130:141 the novel actinomycete 120:141 the novel actinomycete 120:141 A polyphasic approach was used to verify the novel actinomycete, strain 1SM4-01T, isolated from mangrove sediment collected from Ranong Province, Thailand. 27561257 2 13 theme novel 124:128 arg1 1SM4-01T 151:158 strain 1SM4-01T 144:158 strain 1SM4-01T 144:158 A polyphasic approach was used to verify the novel actinomycete, strain 1SM4-01T, isolated from mangrove sediment collected from Ranong Province, Thailand. 27561257 3 14 dep related 376:382 arg1 related 376:382 related 376:382 related 376:382 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the organism was a member of the genus Nonomuraea and was most closely related to Nonomuraea syzygii GKU 164T (98.7 % sequence similarity), Nonomuraea rhizophila YIM 67092T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea solani NEAU-Z6T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea monospora PT708T (98.3 %) and Nonomuraea thailandensis KC-061T (98.2 %). 27561257 3 14 dep related 376:382 arg1 % 605:605 98.2 % 600:605 98.2 % 600:605 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the organism was a member of the genus Nonomuraea and was most closely related to Nonomuraea syzygii GKU 164T (98.7 % sequence similarity), Nonomuraea rhizophila YIM 67092T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea solani NEAU-Z6T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea monospora PT708T (98.3 %) and Nonomuraea thailandensis KC-061T (98.2 %). 27561257 3 14 dep related 376:382 arg1 organism 309:316 the organism 305:316 the organism 305:316 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the organism was a member of the genus Nonomuraea and was most closely related to Nonomuraea syzygii GKU 164T (98.7 % sequence similarity), Nonomuraea rhizophila YIM 67092T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea solani NEAU-Z6T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea monospora PT708T (98.3 %) and Nonomuraea thailandensis KC-061T (98.2 %). 27561257 3 14 dep related 376:382 arg1 member 324:329 a member 322:329 a member of the genus Nonomuraea 322:353 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the organism was a member of the genus Nonomuraea and was most closely related to Nonomuraea syzygii GKU 164T (98.7 % sequence similarity), Nonomuraea rhizophila YIM 67092T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea solani NEAU-Z6T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea monospora PT708T (98.3 %) and Nonomuraea thailandensis KC-061T (98.2 %). 27561257 0 15 theme purpurea 11:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Nonomuraea purpurea sp 0:21 Nonomuraea purpurea sp. 0:22 Nonomuraea purpurea sp. 27561257 9 16 theme unidentified 1329:1340 arg1 lipids 1342:1347 unidentified lipids 1329:1347 unidentified lipids 1329:1347 Phospholipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, aminophospholipids and unidentified lipids. 27561257 11 17 theme phenotypic 1416:1425 arg1 characteristics 1427:1441 phenotypic characteristics 1416:1441 phenotypic characteristics 1416:1441 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, DNA-DNA relatedness and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain 1SM4-01T represents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea purpurea sp. 27561257 5 18 theme meso-diaminopimelic 800:818 arg1 acid 851:854 the diagnostic diamino acid 828:854 the diagnostic diamino acid 828:854 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, with madurose, mannose and ribose as the main sugars. 27561257 5 18 theme meso-diaminopimelic 800:818 arg1 acid 820:823 meso-diaminopimelic acid 800:823 meso-diaminopimelic acid 800:823 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, with madurose, mannose and ribose as the main sugars. 27561257 0 19 theme Nonomuraea 0:9 arg1 sp 20:21 Nonomuraea purpurea sp 0:21 Nonomuraea purpurea sp. 0:22 Nonomuraea purpurea sp. 27561257 7 20 theme peptidoglycan 977:989 arg1 N-acetyl 995:1002 N-acetyl 995:1002 N-acetyl 995:1002 The acyl type of peptidoglycan was N-acetyl. 27561257 7 20 theme peptidoglycan 977:989 arg1 type 969:972 The acyl type 960:972 The acyl type of peptidoglycan 960:989 The acyl type of peptidoglycan was N-acetyl. 27561257 8 21 dep C17  1047:1050 arg1  1ω8c 1052:1056  1ω8c 1052:1056  1ω8c 1052:1056 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C16 : 0. 27561257 8 21 dep C17  1047:1050 arg1  0 1071:1072  0 1071:1072 C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C16 : 0 1047:1072 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C16 : 0. 27561257 8 21 dep C17  1047:1050 arg1 iso-C16  1062:1069 iso-C16  1062:1069 iso-C16  1062:1069 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C16 : 0. 27561257 3 22 theme Nonomuraea 344:353 arg1 related 376:382 related 376:382 related 376:382 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the organism was a member of the genus Nonomuraea and was most closely related to Nonomuraea syzygii GKU 164T (98.7 % sequence similarity), Nonomuraea rhizophila YIM 67092T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea solani NEAU-Z6T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea monospora PT708T (98.3 %) and Nonomuraea thailandensis KC-061T (98.2 %). 27561257 3 22 theme Nonomuraea 344:353 arg1 % 605:605 98.2 % 600:605 98.2 % 600:605 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the organism was a member of the genus Nonomuraea and was most closely related to Nonomuraea syzygii GKU 164T (98.7 % sequence similarity), Nonomuraea rhizophila YIM 67092T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea solani NEAU-Z6T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea monospora PT708T (98.3 %) and Nonomuraea thailandensis KC-061T (98.2 %). 27561257 3 22 theme Nonomuraea 344:353 arg1 organism 309:316 the organism 305:316 the organism 305:316 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the organism was a member of the genus Nonomuraea and was most closely related to Nonomuraea syzygii GKU 164T (98.7 % sequence similarity), Nonomuraea rhizophila YIM 67092T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea solani NEAU-Z6T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea monospora PT708T (98.3 %) and Nonomuraea thailandensis KC-061T (98.2 %). 27561257 3 22 theme Nonomuraea 344:353 arg1 member 324:329 a member 322:329 a member of the genus Nonomuraea 322:353 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the organism was a member of the genus Nonomuraea and was most closely related to Nonomuraea syzygii GKU 164T (98.7 % sequence similarity), Nonomuraea rhizophila YIM 67092T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea solani NEAU-Z6T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea monospora PT708T (98.3 %) and Nonomuraea thailandensis KC-061T (98.2 %). 27561257 1 23 attach isolated 46:53 arg2 actinomycete 33:44 an actinomycete 30:44 an actinomycete isolated from mangrove sediment 30:76 nov., an actinomycete isolated from mangrove sediment. 27561257 1 23 attach isolated 46:53 arg1 sediment 69:76 mangrove sediment 60:76 mangrove sediment 60:76 nov., an actinomycete isolated from mangrove sediment. 27561257 3 24 theme 16S 266:268 arg1 sequences 280:288 16S rRNA gene sequences 266:288 16S rRNA gene sequences 266:288 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the organism was a member of the genus Nonomuraea and was most closely related to Nonomuraea syzygii GKU 164T (98.7 % sequence similarity), Nonomuraea rhizophila YIM 67092T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea solani NEAU-Z6T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea monospora PT708T (98.3 %) and Nonomuraea thailandensis KC-061T (98.2 %). 27561257 10 25 theme DNA 1381:1383 arg1 % 1397:1397 70.4 mol% 1389:1397 70.4 mol% 1389:1397 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.4 mol%. 27561257 10 25 theme DNA 1381:1383 arg1 content 1358:1364 The G+C content 1350:1364 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1350:1383 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.4 mol%. 27561257 11 26 theme phylogenetic 1468:1479 arg1 distinctiveness 1481:1495 phylogenetic distinctiveness 1468:1495 phylogenetic distinctiveness 1468:1495 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, DNA-DNA relatedness and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain 1SM4-01T represents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea purpurea sp. 27561257 3 27 theme sequence 423:430 arg1 GKU 406:408 GKU 406:408 GKU 406:408 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the organism was a member of the genus Nonomuraea and was most closely related to Nonomuraea syzygii GKU 164T (98.7 % sequence similarity), Nonomuraea rhizophila YIM 67092T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea solani NEAU-Z6T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea monospora PT708T (98.3 %) and Nonomuraea thailandensis KC-061T (98.2 %). 27561257 3 27 theme sequence 423:430 arg1 similarity 432:441 98.7 % sequence similarity 416:441 98.7 % sequence similarity 416:441 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the organism was a member of the genus Nonomuraea and was most closely related to Nonomuraea syzygii GKU 164T (98.7 % sequence similarity), Nonomuraea rhizophila YIM 67092T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea solani NEAU-Z6T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea monospora PT708T (98.3 %) and Nonomuraea thailandensis KC-061T (98.2 %). 27561257 3 28 theme rRNA 270:273 arg1 sequences 280:288 16S rRNA gene sequences 266:288 16S rRNA gene sequences 266:288 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the organism was a member of the genus Nonomuraea and was most closely related to Nonomuraea syzygii GKU 164T (98.7 % sequence similarity), Nonomuraea rhizophila YIM 67092T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea solani NEAU-Z6T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea monospora PT708T (98.3 %) and Nonomuraea thailandensis KC-061T (98.2 %). 27561257 11 29 theme purpurea 1596:1603 arg1 sp 1605:1606 the name Nonomuraea purpurea sp 1576:1606 the name Nonomuraea purpurea sp 1576:1606 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, DNA-DNA relatedness and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain 1SM4-01T represents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea purpurea sp. 27561257 11 30 theme DNA-DNA 1444:1450 arg1 relatedness 1452:1462 DNA-DNA relatedness 1444:1462 DNA-DNA relatedness 1444:1462 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, DNA-DNA relatedness and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain 1SM4-01T represents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea purpurea sp. 27561257 2 31 attach isolated 161:168 arg2 actinomycete 130:141 the novel actinomycete 120:141 the novel actinomycete 120:141 A polyphasic approach was used to verify the novel actinomycete, strain 1SM4-01T, isolated from mangrove sediment collected from Ranong Province, Thailand. 27561257 2 31 attach isolated 161:168 arg1 sediment 184:191 mangrove sediment 175:191 mangrove sediment collected from Ranong Province, Thailand 175:232 A polyphasic approach was used to verify the novel actinomycete, strain 1SM4-01T, isolated from mangrove sediment collected from Ranong Province, Thailand. 27561257 2 31 attach isolated 161:168 arg2 1SM4-01T 151:158 strain 1SM4-01T 144:158 strain 1SM4-01T 144:158 A polyphasic approach was used to verify the novel actinomycete, strain 1SM4-01T, isolated from mangrove sediment collected from Ranong Province, Thailand. 27561257 11 32 theme Nonomuraea 1554:1563 arg1 species 1533:1539 a novel species 1525:1539 a novel species 1525:1539 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, DNA-DNA relatedness and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain 1SM4-01T represents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea purpurea sp. 27561257 2 33 used used 105:108 arg2 approach 92:99 A polyphasic approach 79:99 A polyphasic approach 79:99 A polyphasic approach was used to verify the novel actinomycete, strain 1SM4-01T, isolated from mangrove sediment collected from Ranong Province, Thailand. 27561257 13 34 theme =BCC 1656:1659 arg1 1SM4-01T 1646:1653 1SM4-01T 1646:1653 1SM4-01T (=BCC 60397T=NBRC 109647T) 1646:1680 The type strain is 1SM4-01T (=BCC 60397T=NBRC 109647T). 27561257 13 34 theme =BCC 1656:1659 arg1 109647T 1673:1679 =BCC 60397T=NBRC 109647T 1656:1679 =BCC 60397T=NBRC 109647T 1656:1679 The type strain is 1SM4-01T (=BCC 60397T=NBRC 109647T). 27561257 5 35 theme whole-cell 766:775 arg1 hydrolysates 777:788 The whole-cell hydrolysates 762:788 The whole-cell hydrolysates 762:788 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, with madurose, mannose and ribose as the main sugars. 27561257 3 36 theme % 421:421 arg1 GKU 406:408 GKU 406:408 GKU 406:408 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the organism was a member of the genus Nonomuraea and was most closely related to Nonomuraea syzygii GKU 164T (98.7 % sequence similarity), Nonomuraea rhizophila YIM 67092T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea solani NEAU-Z6T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea monospora PT708T (98.3 %) and Nonomuraea thailandensis KC-061T (98.2 %). 27561257 3 36 theme % 421:421 arg1 similarity 432:441 98.7 % sequence similarity 416:441 98.7 % sequence similarity 416:441 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the organism was a member of the genus Nonomuraea and was most closely related to Nonomuraea syzygii GKU 164T (98.7 % sequence similarity), Nonomuraea rhizophila YIM 67092T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea solani NEAU-Z6T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea monospora PT708T (98.3 %) and Nonomuraea thailandensis KC-061T (98.2 %). 27561257 2 37 theme polyphasic 81:90 arg1 approach 92:99 A polyphasic approach 79:99 A polyphasic approach 79:99 A polyphasic approach was used to verify the novel actinomycete, strain 1SM4-01T, isolated from mangrove sediment collected from Ranong Province, Thailand. 27561257 2 38 theme strain 144:149 arg1 actinomycete 130:141 the novel actinomycete 120:141 the novel actinomycete 120:141 A polyphasic approach was used to verify the novel actinomycete, strain 1SM4-01T, isolated from mangrove sediment collected from Ranong Province, Thailand. 27561257 2 38 theme strain 144:149 arg1 1SM4-01T 151:158 strain 1SM4-01T 144:158 strain 1SM4-01T 144:158 A polyphasic approach was used to verify the novel actinomycete, strain 1SM4-01T, isolated from mangrove sediment collected from Ranong Province, Thailand. 27561257 4 39 theme short 744:748 arg1 sporophore 750:759 a short sporophore 742:759 a short sporophore 742:759 The strain produced branching aerial mycelium which differentiated into straight chains of rough-surfaced spores borne at the end of a short sporophore. 27561257 8 40 theme cellular 1021:1028 arg1 C17  1047:1050 C17  1047:1050 C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C16 : 0 1047:1072 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C16 : 0. 27561257 8 40 theme cellular 1021:1028 arg1 acids 1036:1040 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1005:1040 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1005:1040 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C16 : 0. 27561257 7 41 theme acyl 964:967 arg1 N-acetyl 995:1002 N-acetyl 995:1002 N-acetyl 995:1002 The acyl type of peptidoglycan was N-acetyl. 27561257 7 41 theme acyl 964:967 arg1 type 969:972 The acyl type 960:972 The acyl type of peptidoglycan 960:989 The acyl type of peptidoglycan was N-acetyl. 27561257 4 42 theme sporophore 750:759 arg1 end 735:737 the end 731:737 the end of a short sporophore 731:759 The strain produced branching aerial mycelium which differentiated into straight chains of rough-surfaced spores borne at the end of a short sporophore. 27561257 11 43 theme name 1580:1583 arg1 sp 1605:1606 the name Nonomuraea purpurea sp 1576:1606 the name Nonomuraea purpurea sp 1576:1606 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, DNA-DNA relatedness and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain 1SM4-01T represents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea purpurea sp. 27561257 11 44 theme strain 1498:1503 arg1 1SM4-01T 1505:1512 strain 1SM4-01T 1498:1512 strain 1SM4-01T 1498:1512 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, DNA-DNA relatedness and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain 1SM4-01T represents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea purpurea sp. 27561257 3 45 theme gene 275:278 arg1 sequences 280:288 16S rRNA gene sequences 266:288 16S rRNA gene sequences 266:288 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the organism was a member of the genus Nonomuraea and was most closely related to Nonomuraea syzygii GKU 164T (98.7 % sequence similarity), Nonomuraea rhizophila YIM 67092T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea solani NEAU-Z6T (98.4 %), Nonomuraea monospora PT708T (98.3 %) and Nonomuraea thailandensis KC-061T (98.2 %). 27561257 11 46 theme Nonomuraea 1585:1594 arg1 sp 1605:1606 the name Nonomuraea purpurea sp 1576:1606 the name Nonomuraea purpurea sp 1576:1606 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, DNA-DNA relatedness and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain 1SM4-01T represents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea purpurea sp. 27561257 4 47 theme aerial 639:644 arg1 mycelium 646:653 branching aerial mycelium 629:653 branching aerial mycelium which differentiated into straight chains of rough-surfaced spores borne at the end of a short sporophore 629:759 The strain produced branching aerial mycelium which differentiated into straight chains of rough-surfaced spores borne at the end of a short sporophore. 27561257 6 48 theme major 926:930 arg1 menaquinone 932:942 a major menaquinone 924:942 a major menaquinone of this strain 924:957 MK-9(H4) was a major menaquinone of this strain. 27561257 6 48 theme major 926:930 arg1 MK-9 911:914 MK-9 911:914 MK-9(H4) 911:918 MK-9(H4) was a major menaquinone of this strain. 27561257 4 49 theme rough-surfaced 700:713 arg1 spores 715:720 rough-surfaced spores 700:720 rough-surfaced spores borne at the end of a short sporophore 700:759 The strain produced branching aerial mycelium which differentiated into straight chains of rough-surfaced spores borne at the end of a short sporophore. 27561257 2 50 theme mangrove 175:182 arg1 sediment 184:191 mangrove sediment 175:191 mangrove sediment collected from Ranong Province, Thailand 175:232 A polyphasic approach was used to verify the novel actinomycete, strain 1SM4-01T, isolated from mangrove sediment collected from Ranong Province, Thailand. 27561257 4 51 theme spores 715:720 arg1 chains 690:695 straight chains 681:695 straight chains of rough-surfaced spores borne at the end of a short sporophore 681:759 The strain produced branching aerial mycelium which differentiated into straight chains of rough-surfaced spores borne at the end of a short sporophore. 27561257 10 52 theme genomic 1373:1379 arg1 DNA 1381:1383 the genomic DNA 1369:1383 the genomic DNA 1369:1383 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.4 mol%. 27561257 4 53 theme branching 629:637 arg1 mycelium 646:653 branching aerial mycelium 629:653 branching aerial mycelium which differentiated into straight chains of rough-surfaced spores borne at the end of a short sporophore 629:759 The strain produced branching aerial mycelium which differentiated into straight chains of rough-surfaced spores borne at the end of a short sporophore. 27561257 10 54 theme G+C 1354:1356 arg1 % 1397:1397 70.4 mol% 1389:1397 70.4 mol% 1389:1397 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.4 mol%. 27561257 10 54 theme G+C 1354:1356 arg1 content 1358:1364 The G+C content 1350:1364 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1350:1383 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.4 mol%. 27561257 11 55 dep characteristics 1427:1441 arg1 the 1403:1405 the 1403:1405 the 1403:1405 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, DNA-DNA relatedness and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain 1SM4-01T represents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea purpurea sp. 27561257 11 55 dep characteristics 1427:1441 arg1 basis 1407:1411 basis 1407:1411 basis 1407:1411 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, DNA-DNA relatedness and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain 1SM4-01T represents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea purpurea sp. 27561257 5 56 theme main 898:901 arg1 sugars 903:908 the main sugars 894:908 the main sugars 894:908 The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, with madurose, mannose and ribose as the main sugars. 27561257 6 57 theme strain 952:957 arg1 menaquinone 932:942 a major menaquinone 924:942 a major menaquinone of this strain 924:957 MK-9(H4) was a major menaquinone of this strain. 27561257 6 57 theme strain 952:957 arg1 MK-9 911:914 MK-9 911:914 MK-9(H4) 911:918 MK-9(H4) was a major menaquinone of this strain. 27561257 13 58 theme 60397T=NBRC 1661:1671 arg1 1SM4-01T 1646:1653 1SM4-01T 1646:1653 1SM4-01T (=BCC 60397T=NBRC 109647T) 1646:1680 The type strain is 1SM4-01T (=BCC 60397T=NBRC 109647T). 27561257 13 58 theme 60397T=NBRC 1661:1671 arg1 109647T 1673:1679 =BCC 60397T=NBRC 109647T 1656:1679 =BCC 60397T=NBRC 109647T 1656:1679 The type strain is 1SM4-01T (=BCC 60397T=NBRC 109647T). 27561257 8 59 theme fatty 1030:1034 arg1 C17  1047:1050 C17  1047:1050 C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C16 : 0 1047:1072 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C16 : 0. 27561257 8 59 theme fatty 1030:1034 arg1 acids 1036:1040 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1005:1040 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1005:1040 The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C16 : 0. 27561257 11 60 theme novel 1527:1531 arg1 species 1533:1539 a novel species 1525:1539 a novel species 1525:1539 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, DNA-DNA relatedness and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain 1SM4-01T represents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea purpurea sp. 24699984 6 0 theme YD 1087:1088 arg1 tea 1090:1092 YD tea 1087:1092 YD tea 1087:1092 More gallated catechins, methylxanthines, and proteins were detected in Cocoa tea compared with YD tea. 24699984 8 1 from tea 1357:1359 arg1 origins 1303:1309 the origins 1299:1309 the origins of molecular interactions in Cocoa tea and YD tea 1299:1359 Catechins, methylxanthines, proteins, iron, calcium, and copper were presumed to be the origins of molecular interactions in Cocoa tea and YD tea. 24699984 8 1 from tea 1357:1359 arg1 Catechins 1215:1223 Catechins 1215:1223 Catechins 1215:1223 Catechins, methylxanthines, proteins, iron, calcium, and copper were presumed to be the origins of molecular interactions in Cocoa tea and YD tea. 24699984 10 2 theme activity 1537:1544 arg1 assays 1546:1551 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity assays 1510:1551 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity assays 1510:1551 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity assays revealed that Cocoa tea was a more potent inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) than YD tea. 24699984 1 3 theme novel 147:151 arg1 species 157:163 a novel tea species 145:163 a novel tea species 145:163 In the 1980s, a novel tea species, Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), was discovered in Southern China with surprisingly low caffeine content (0.2% by dry weight). 24699984 1 3 theme novel 147:151 arg1 tea 172:174 Cocoa tea 166:174 Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang) 166:203 In the 1980s, a novel tea species, Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), was discovered in Southern China with surprisingly low caffeine content (0.2% by dry weight). 24699984 4 4 theme Yunnan 574:579 arg1 tea 586:588 Yunnan Daye tea 574:588 Yunnan Daye tea 574:588 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis), a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight), was used as a control. 24699984 4 4 theme Yunnan 574:579 arg1 sinensis 600:607 Camellia sinensis 591:607 Camellia sinensis 591:607 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis), a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight), was used as a control. 24699984 6 5 theme Cocoa 1063:1067 arg1 tea 1069:1071 Cocoa tea 1063:1071 Cocoa tea 1063:1071 More gallated catechins, methylxanthines, and proteins were detected in Cocoa tea compared with YD tea. 24699984 3 6 theme Cocoa 481:485 arg1 tea 487:489 Cocoa tea 481:489 Cocoa tea 481:489 Herein, a systematic study on Cocoa tea and its chemical components, interactions and bioactivities was performed. 24699984 9 7 theme methyl 1476:1481 arg1 groups 1483:1488 methyl groups 1476:1488 methyl groups 1476:1488 The interactions between catechins and methylxanthines were highly related to the galloyl moiety in catechins and methyl groups in methylxanthines. 24699984 1 8 with China 233:237 arg1 content 270:276 surprisingly low caffeine content 244:276 surprisingly low caffeine content (0.2% by dry weight) 244:297 In the 1980s, a novel tea species, Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), was discovered in Southern China with surprisingly low caffeine content (0.2% by dry weight). 24699984 0 9 theme caffeine-containing 98:116 arg1 species 122:128 a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species 82:128 a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species 82:128 Interactions among chemical components of Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species. 24699984 0 9 theme caffeine-containing 98:116 arg1 components 28:37 chemical components 19:37 chemical components of Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang) 19:79 Interactions among chemical components of Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species. 24699984 10 10 theme Cocoa 1567:1571 arg1 inhibitor 1595:1603 a more potent inhibitor 1581:1603 a more potent inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) 1581:1624 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity assays revealed that Cocoa tea was a more potent inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) than YD tea. 24699984 10 10 theme Cocoa 1567:1571 arg1 tea 1573:1575 Cocoa tea 1567:1575 Cocoa tea 1567:1575 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity assays revealed that Cocoa tea was a more potent inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) than YD tea. 24699984 1 11 theme Cocoa 166:170 arg1 Chang 198:202 Chang 198:202 Chang 198:202 In the 1980s, a novel tea species, Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), was discovered in Southern China with surprisingly low caffeine content (0.2% by dry weight). 24699984 1 11 theme Cocoa 166:170 arg1 species 157:163 a novel tea species 145:163 a novel tea species 145:163 In the 1980s, a novel tea species, Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), was discovered in Southern China with surprisingly low caffeine content (0.2% by dry weight). 24699984 1 11 theme Cocoa 166:170 arg1 tea 172:174 Cocoa tea 166:174 Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang) 166:203 In the 1980s, a novel tea species, Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), was discovered in Southern China with surprisingly low caffeine content (0.2% by dry weight). 24699984 11 12 theme interactions 1814:1825 arg1 mechanisms 1790:1799 the mechanisms 1786:1799 the mechanisms of molecular interactions 1786:1825 This study constructs a solid phytochemical foundation for further research on the mechanisms of molecular interactions and the integrated functions of Cocoa tea. 24699984 11 12 theme interactions 1814:1825 arg1 functions 1846:1854 the integrated functions 1831:1854 the integrated functions of Cocoa tea 1831:1867 This study constructs a solid phytochemical foundation for further research on the mechanisms of molecular interactions and the integrated functions of Cocoa tea. 24699984 3 13 theme chemical 499:506 arg1 components 508:517 its chemical components 495:517 its chemical components 495:517 Herein, a systematic study on Cocoa tea and its chemical components, interactions and bioactivities was performed. 24699984 11 14 theme Cocoa 1859:1863 arg1 tea 1865:1867 Cocoa tea 1859:1867 Cocoa tea 1859:1867 This study constructs a solid phytochemical foundation for further research on the mechanisms of molecular interactions and the integrated functions of Cocoa tea. 24699984 4 15 with species 617:623 arg1 content 646:652 a high caffeine content 630:652 a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight) 630:673 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis), a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight), was used as a control. 24699984 3 16 from study 472:476 arg1 tea 487:489 Cocoa tea 481:489 Cocoa tea 481:489 Herein, a systematic study on Cocoa tea and its chemical components, interactions and bioactivities was performed. 24699984 3 16 from study 472:476 arg1 components 508:517 its chemical components 495:517 its chemical components 495:517 Herein, a systematic study on Cocoa tea and its chemical components, interactions and bioactivities was performed. 24699984 5 17 theme tea 877:879 arg1 catechins 881:889 tea catechins 877:889 tea catechins 877:889 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 8 18 theme YD 1354:1355 arg1 tea 1357:1359 YD tea 1354:1359 YD tea 1354:1359 Catechins, methylxanthines, proteins, iron, calcium, and copper were presumed to be the origins of molecular interactions in Cocoa tea and YD tea. 24699984 10 19 theme nitric 1608:1613 arg1 oxide 1615:1619 nitric oxide 1608:1619 nitric oxide (NO) 1608:1624 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity assays revealed that Cocoa tea was a more potent inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) than YD tea. 24699984 10 19 theme nitric 1608:1613 arg1 NO 1622:1623 NO 1622:1623 NO 1622:1623 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity assays revealed that Cocoa tea was a more potent inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) than YD tea. 24699984 4 20 dep content 646:652 arg1 % 658:658 5.8% 655:658 5.8% 655:658 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis), a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight), was used as a control. 24699984 2 21 theme research 411:418 arg1 amount 390:395 a very limited amount 375:395 a very limited amount of scientific research 375:418 Although its health promoting characteristics have been known for a while, a very limited amount of scientific research has been focused on Cocoa tea. 24699984 2 21 theme research 411:418 arg1 research 411:418 scientific research 400:418 scientific research 400:418 Although its health promoting characteristics have been known for a while, a very limited amount of scientific research has been focused on Cocoa tea. 24699984 4 22 theme Camellia 591:598 arg1 tea 586:588 Yunnan Daye tea 574:588 Yunnan Daye tea 574:588 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis), a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight), was used as a control. 24699984 4 22 theme Camellia 591:598 arg1 sinensis 600:607 Camellia sinensis 591:607 Camellia sinensis 591:607 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis), a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight), was used as a control. 24699984 5 23 theme Liquid 740:745 arg1 HPLC 763:766 HPLC 763:766 HPLC 763:766 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 5 23 theme Liquid 740:745 arg1 Chromatography 747:760 High Performance Liquid Chromatography 723:760 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) 723:767 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 9 24 from methylxanthines 1493:1507 arg1 related 1429:1435 related 1429:1435 related 1429:1435 The interactions between catechins and methylxanthines were highly related to the galloyl moiety in catechins and methyl groups in methylxanthines. 24699984 9 24 from methylxanthines 1493:1507 arg1 interactions 1366:1377 The interactions 1362:1377 The interactions between catechins and methylxanthines 1362:1415 The interactions between catechins and methylxanthines were highly related to the galloyl moiety in catechins and methyl groups in methylxanthines. 24699984 4 25 theme caffeine 637:644 arg1 content 646:652 a high caffeine content 630:652 a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight) 630:673 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis), a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight), was used as a control. 24699984 7 26 from tea 1147:1149 arg1 tendency 1109:1116 the tendency 1105:1116 the tendency of major components in Cocoa tea for precipitation 1105:1167 Moreover, the tendency of major components in Cocoa tea for precipitation was significantly higher than that in YD tea. 24699984 7 26 from tea 1147:1149 arg1 higher 1187:1192 higher 1187:1192 higher 1187:1192 Moreover, the tendency of major components in Cocoa tea for precipitation was significantly higher than that in YD tea. 24699984 9 27 from groups 1483:1488 arg1 related 1429:1435 related 1429:1435 related 1429:1435 The interactions between catechins and methylxanthines were highly related to the galloyl moiety in catechins and methyl groups in methylxanthines. 24699984 9 27 from groups 1483:1488 arg1 interactions 1366:1377 The interactions 1362:1377 The interactions between catechins and methylxanthines 1362:1415 The interactions between catechins and methylxanthines were highly related to the galloyl moiety in catechins and methyl groups in methylxanthines. 24699984 0 28 theme Cocoa 42:46 arg1 Chang 74:78 Chang 74:78 Chang 74:78 Interactions among chemical components of Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species. 24699984 0 28 theme Cocoa 42:46 arg1 tea 48:50 Cocoa tea 42:50 Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang) 42:79 Interactions among chemical components of Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species. 24699984 7 29 theme Cocoa 1141:1145 arg1 tea 1147:1149 Cocoa tea 1141:1149 Cocoa tea 1141:1149 Moreover, the tendency of major components in Cocoa tea for precipitation was significantly higher than that in YD tea. 24699984 2 30 theme health 313:318 arg1 characteristics 330:344 its health promoting characteristics 309:344 its health promoting characteristics 309:344 Although its health promoting characteristics have been known for a while, a very limited amount of scientific research has been focused on Cocoa tea. 24699984 1 31 theme Southern 224:231 arg1 China 233:237 Southern China 224:237 Southern China with surprisingly low caffeine content (0.2% by dry weight) 224:297 In the 1980s, a novel tea species, Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), was discovered in Southern China with surprisingly low caffeine content (0.2% by dry weight). 24699984 7 32 theme components 1127:1136 arg1 tendency 1109:1116 the tendency 1105:1116 the tendency of major components in Cocoa tea for precipitation 1105:1167 Moreover, the tendency of major components in Cocoa tea for precipitation was significantly higher than that in YD tea. 24699984 7 32 theme components 1127:1136 arg1 higher 1187:1192 higher 1187:1192 higher 1187:1192 Moreover, the tendency of major components in Cocoa tea for precipitation was significantly higher than that in YD tea. 24699984 8 33 theme interactions 1324:1335 arg1 origins 1303:1309 the origins 1299:1309 the origins of molecular interactions in Cocoa tea and YD tea 1299:1359 Catechins, methylxanthines, proteins, iron, calcium, and copper were presumed to be the origins of molecular interactions in Cocoa tea and YD tea. 24699984 8 33 theme interactions 1324:1335 arg1 Catechins 1215:1223 Catechins 1215:1223 Catechins 1215:1223 Catechins, methylxanthines, proteins, iron, calcium, and copper were presumed to be the origins of molecular interactions in Cocoa tea and YD tea. 24699984 0 34 theme chemical 19:26 arg1 species 122:128 a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species 82:128 a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species 82:128 Interactions among chemical components of Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species. 24699984 0 34 theme chemical 19:26 arg1 components 28:37 chemical components 19:37 chemical components of Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang) 19:79 Interactions among chemical components of Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species. 24699984 5 35 theme Atomic 780:785 arg1 Spectrometry 798:809 Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 774:809 Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) 774:816 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 5 35 theme Atomic 780:785 arg1 FAAS 812:815 FAAS 812:815 FAAS 812:815 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 8 36 theme Cocoa 1340:1344 arg1 tea 1346:1348 Cocoa tea 1340:1348 Cocoa tea 1340:1348 Catechins, methylxanthines, proteins, iron, calcium, and copper were presumed to be the origins of molecular interactions in Cocoa tea and YD tea. 24699984 1 37 theme low 257:259 arg1 content 270:276 surprisingly low caffeine content 244:276 surprisingly low caffeine content (0.2% by dry weight) 244:297 In the 1980s, a novel tea species, Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), was discovered in Southern China with surprisingly low caffeine content (0.2% by dry weight). 24699984 2 38 theme limited 382:388 arg1 amount 390:395 a very limited amount 375:395 a very limited amount of scientific research 375:418 Although its health promoting characteristics have been known for a while, a very limited amount of scientific research has been focused on Cocoa tea. 24699984 2 38 theme limited 382:388 arg1 research 411:418 scientific research 400:418 scientific research 400:418 Although its health promoting characteristics have been known for a while, a very limited amount of scientific research has been focused on Cocoa tea. 24699984 5 39 theme Cocoa 966:970 arg1 tea 972:974 Cocoa tea 966:974 Cocoa tea 966:974 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 0 40 theme tea 48:50 arg1 species 122:128 a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species 82:128 a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species 82:128 Interactions among chemical components of Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species. 24699984 0 40 theme tea 48:50 arg1 components 28:37 chemical components 19:37 chemical components of Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang) 19:79 Interactions among chemical components of Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species. 24699984 4 41 used used 680:683 arg2 tea 569:571 YD tea 566:571 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis) 566:608 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis), a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight), was used as a control. 24699984 4 41 used used 680:683 arg2 control 690:696 a control 688:696 a control 688:696 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis), a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight), was used as a control. 24699984 4 41 used used 680:683 arg2 species 617:623 a tea species 611:623 a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight) 611:673 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis), a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight), was used as a control. 24699984 5 42 theme epimeric 857:864 arg1 isomers 866:872 C-2 epimeric isomers 853:872 C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine 853:905 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 5 42 theme epimeric 857:864 arg1 catechins 934:942 the major catechins 924:942 the major catechins 924:942 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 7 43 from tendency 1109:1116 arg1 tea 1147:1149 Cocoa tea 1141:1149 Cocoa tea 1141:1149 Moreover, the tendency of major components in Cocoa tea for precipitation was significantly higher than that in YD tea. 24699984 11 44 theme solid 1731:1735 arg1 foundation 1751:1760 a solid phytochemical foundation 1729:1760 a solid phytochemical foundation for further research on the mechanisms of molecular interactions and the integrated functions of Cocoa tea 1729:1867 This study constructs a solid phytochemical foundation for further research on the mechanisms of molecular interactions and the integrated functions of Cocoa tea. 24699984 10 45 theme -stimulated 1653:1663 arg1 cells 1676:1680 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells 1629:1680 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells 1629:1680 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity assays revealed that Cocoa tea was a more potent inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) than YD tea. 24699984 11 46 theme further 1766:1772 arg1 research 1774:1781 further research 1766:1781 further research on the mechanisms of molecular interactions and the integrated functions of Cocoa tea 1766:1867 This study constructs a solid phytochemical foundation for further research on the mechanisms of molecular interactions and the integrated functions of Cocoa tea. 24699984 5 47 theme High 723:726 arg1 HPLC 763:766 HPLC 763:766 HPLC 763:766 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 5 47 theme High 723:726 arg1 Chromatography 747:760 High Performance Liquid Chromatography 723:760 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) 723:767 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 4 48 theme dry 663:665 arg1 weight 667:672 dry weight 663:672 dry weight 663:672 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis), a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight), was used as a control. 24699984 5 49 from catechins 934:942 arg1 tea 972:974 Cocoa tea 966:974 Cocoa tea 966:974 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 5 50 theme composition 831:841 arg1 analysis 843:850 chemical composition analysis 822:850 chemical composition analysis 822:850 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 8 51 from tea 1346:1348 arg1 origins 1303:1309 the origins 1299:1309 the origins of molecular interactions in Cocoa tea and YD tea 1299:1359 Catechins, methylxanthines, proteins, iron, calcium, and copper were presumed to be the origins of molecular interactions in Cocoa tea and YD tea. 24699984 8 51 from tea 1346:1348 arg1 Catechins 1215:1223 Catechins 1215:1223 Catechins 1215:1223 Catechins, methylxanthines, proteins, iron, calcium, and copper were presumed to be the origins of molecular interactions in Cocoa tea and YD tea. 24699984 10 52 theme In 1510:1511 arg1 assays 1546:1551 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity assays 1510:1551 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity assays 1510:1551 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity assays revealed that Cocoa tea was a more potent inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) than YD tea. 24699984 11 53 from research 1774:1781 arg1 mechanisms 1790:1799 the mechanisms 1786:1799 the mechanisms of molecular interactions 1786:1825 This study constructs a solid phytochemical foundation for further research on the mechanisms of molecular interactions and the integrated functions of Cocoa tea. 24699984 11 53 from research 1774:1781 arg1 functions 1846:1854 the integrated functions 1831:1854 the integrated functions of Cocoa tea 1831:1867 This study constructs a solid phytochemical foundation for further research on the mechanisms of molecular interactions and the integrated functions of Cocoa tea. 24699984 9 54 theme galloyl 1444:1450 arg1 moiety 1452:1457 the galloyl moiety 1440:1457 the galloyl moiety 1440:1457 The interactions between catechins and methylxanthines were highly related to the galloyl moiety in catechins and methyl groups in methylxanthines. 24699984 6 55 theme gallated 996:1003 arg1 catechins 1005:1013 More gallated catechins 991:1013 More gallated catechins 991:1013 More gallated catechins, methylxanthines, and proteins were detected in Cocoa tea compared with YD tea. 24699984 10 56 theme YD 1699:1700 arg1 tea 1702:1704 YD tea 1699:1704 YD tea 1699:1704 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity assays revealed that Cocoa tea was a more potent inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) than YD tea. 24699984 5 57 theme UV-Vis 702:707 arg1 spectrometry 709:720 UV-Vis spectrometry 702:720 UV-Vis spectrometry 702:720 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 4 58 theme YD 566:567 arg1 tea 569:571 YD tea 566:571 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis) 566:608 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis), a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight), was used as a control. 24699984 4 58 theme YD 566:567 arg1 control 690:696 a control 688:696 a control 688:696 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis), a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight), was used as a control. 24699984 4 58 theme YD 566:567 arg1 species 617:623 a tea species 611:623 a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight) 611:673 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis), a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight), was used as a control. 24699984 1 59 theme tea 153:155 arg1 species 157:163 a novel tea species 145:163 a novel tea species 145:163 In the 1980s, a novel tea species, Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), was discovered in Southern China with surprisingly low caffeine content (0.2% by dry weight). 24699984 1 59 theme tea 153:155 arg1 tea 172:174 Cocoa tea 166:174 Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang) 166:203 In the 1980s, a novel tea species, Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), was discovered in Southern China with surprisingly low caffeine content (0.2% by dry weight). 24699984 9 60 from catechins 1462:1470 arg1 related 1429:1435 related 1429:1435 related 1429:1435 The interactions between catechins and methylxanthines were highly related to the galloyl moiety in catechins and methyl groups in methylxanthines. 24699984 9 60 from catechins 1462:1470 arg1 interactions 1366:1377 The interactions 1362:1377 The interactions between catechins and methylxanthines 1362:1415 The interactions between catechins and methylxanthines were highly related to the galloyl moiety in catechins and methyl groups in methylxanthines. 24699984 0 61 theme tea 118:120 arg1 species 122:128 a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species 82:128 a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species 82:128 Interactions among chemical components of Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species. 24699984 0 61 theme tea 118:120 arg1 components 28:37 chemical components 19:37 chemical components of Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang) 19:79 Interactions among chemical components of Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species. 24699984 3 62 theme systematic 461:470 arg1 study 472:476 a systematic study 459:476 a systematic study on Cocoa tea and its chemical components, interactions and bioactivities 459:549 Herein, a systematic study on Cocoa tea and its chemical components, interactions and bioactivities was performed. 24699984 11 63 theme molecular 1804:1812 arg1 interactions 1814:1825 molecular interactions 1804:1825 molecular interactions 1804:1825 This study constructs a solid phytochemical foundation for further research on the mechanisms of molecular interactions and the integrated functions of Cocoa tea. 24699984 11 64 theme integrated 1835:1844 arg1 functions 1846:1854 the integrated functions 1831:1854 the integrated functions of Cocoa tea 1831:1867 This study constructs a solid phytochemical foundation for further research on the mechanisms of molecular interactions and the integrated functions of Cocoa tea. 24699984 7 65 theme YD 1207:1208 arg1 tea 1210:1212 YD tea 1207:1212 YD tea 1207:1212 Moreover, the tendency of major components in Cocoa tea for precipitation was significantly higher than that in YD tea. 24699984 5 66 theme theobromine 895:905 arg1 isomers 866:872 C-2 epimeric isomers 853:872 C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine 853:905 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 5 66 theme theobromine 895:905 arg1 catechins 934:942 the major catechins 924:942 the major catechins 924:942 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 10 67 dep inhibitor 1595:1603 arg1 RAW 1683:1685 RAW 264.7 1683:1691 RAW 264.7 1683:1691 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity assays revealed that Cocoa tea was a more potent inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) than YD tea. 24699984 10 68 theme potent 1588:1593 arg1 inhibitor 1595:1603 a more potent inhibitor 1581:1603 a more potent inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) 1581:1624 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity assays revealed that Cocoa tea was a more potent inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) than YD tea. 24699984 10 68 theme potent 1588:1593 arg1 tea 1573:1575 Cocoa tea 1567:1575 Cocoa tea 1567:1575 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity assays revealed that Cocoa tea was a more potent inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) than YD tea. 24699984 9 69 from related 1429:1435 arg1 methylxanthines 1493:1507 methylxanthines 1493:1507 methylxanthines 1493:1507 The interactions between catechins and methylxanthines were highly related to the galloyl moiety in catechins and methyl groups in methylxanthines. 24699984 9 69 from related 1429:1435 arg1 catechins 1462:1470 catechins 1462:1470 catechins 1462:1470 The interactions between catechins and methylxanthines were highly related to the galloyl moiety in catechins and methyl groups in methylxanthines. 24699984 9 69 from related 1429:1435 arg1 groups 1483:1488 methyl groups 1476:1488 methyl groups 1476:1488 The interactions between catechins and methylxanthines were highly related to the galloyl moiety in catechins and methyl groups in methylxanthines. 24699984 11 70 theme tea 1865:1867 arg1 mechanisms 1790:1799 the mechanisms 1786:1799 the mechanisms of molecular interactions 1786:1825 This study constructs a solid phytochemical foundation for further research on the mechanisms of molecular interactions and the integrated functions of Cocoa tea. 24699984 11 70 theme tea 1865:1867 arg1 functions 1846:1854 the integrated functions 1831:1854 the integrated functions of Cocoa tea 1831:1867 This study constructs a solid phytochemical foundation for further research on the mechanisms of molecular interactions and the integrated functions of Cocoa tea. 24699984 11 71 theme phytochemical 1737:1749 arg1 foundation 1751:1760 a solid phytochemical foundation 1729:1760 a solid phytochemical foundation for further research on the mechanisms of molecular interactions and the integrated functions of Cocoa tea 1729:1867 This study constructs a solid phytochemical foundation for further research on the mechanisms of molecular interactions and the integrated functions of Cocoa tea. 24699984 10 72 dep In 1510:1511 arg1 vitro 1513:1517 vitro 1513:1517 vitro 1513:1517 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity assays revealed that Cocoa tea was a more potent inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) than YD tea. 24699984 10 72 dep In 1510:1511 arg1 anti-inflammatory 1519:1535 anti-inflammatory 1519:1535 anti-inflammatory 1519:1535 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity assays revealed that Cocoa tea was a more potent inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) than YD tea. 24699984 5 73 theme catechins 881:889 arg1 isomers 866:872 C-2 epimeric isomers 853:872 C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine 853:905 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 5 73 theme catechins 881:889 arg1 catechins 934:942 the major catechins 924:942 the major catechins 924:942 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 10 74 theme oxide 1615:1619 arg1 inhibitor 1595:1603 a more potent inhibitor 1581:1603 a more potent inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) 1581:1624 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity assays revealed that Cocoa tea was a more potent inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) than YD tea. 24699984 10 74 theme oxide 1615:1619 arg1 tea 1573:1575 Cocoa tea 1567:1575 Cocoa tea 1567:1575 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity assays revealed that Cocoa tea was a more potent inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) than YD tea. 24699984 4 75 theme Daye 581:584 arg1 tea 586:588 Yunnan Daye tea 574:588 Yunnan Daye tea 574:588 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis), a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight), was used as a control. 24699984 4 75 theme Daye 581:584 arg1 sinensis 600:607 Camellia sinensis 591:607 Camellia sinensis 591:607 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis), a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight), was used as a control. 24699984 5 76 theme Performance 728:738 arg1 HPLC 763:766 HPLC 763:766 HPLC 763:766 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 5 76 theme Performance 728:738 arg1 Chromatography 747:760 High Performance Liquid Chromatography 723:760 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) 723:767 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 2 77 theme scientific 400:409 arg1 research 411:418 scientific research 400:418 scientific research 400:418 Although its health promoting characteristics have been known for a while, a very limited amount of scientific research has been focused on Cocoa tea. 24699984 1 78 theme dry 287:289 arg1 weight 291:296 dry weight 287:296 dry weight 287:296 In the 1980s, a novel tea species, Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), was discovered in Southern China with surprisingly low caffeine content (0.2% by dry weight). 24699984 5 79 theme Absorption 787:796 arg1 Spectrometry 798:809 Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 774:809 Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) 774:816 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 5 79 theme Absorption 787:796 arg1 FAAS 812:815 FAAS 812:815 FAAS 812:815 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 2 80 theme Cocoa 440:444 arg1 tea 446:448 Cocoa tea 440:448 Cocoa tea 440:448 Although its health promoting characteristics have been known for a while, a very limited amount of scientific research has been focused on Cocoa tea. 24699984 1 81 dep content 270:276 arg1 % 282:282 0.2% 279:282 0.2% 279:282 In the 1980s, a novel tea species, Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), was discovered in Southern China with surprisingly low caffeine content (0.2% by dry weight). 24699984 8 82 from interactions 1324:1335 arg1 tea 1346:1348 Cocoa tea 1340:1348 Cocoa tea 1340:1348 Catechins, methylxanthines, proteins, iron, calcium, and copper were presumed to be the origins of molecular interactions in Cocoa tea and YD tea. 24699984 8 82 from interactions 1324:1335 arg1 tea 1357:1359 YD tea 1354:1359 YD tea 1354:1359 Catechins, methylxanthines, proteins, iron, calcium, and copper were presumed to be the origins of molecular interactions in Cocoa tea and YD tea. 24699984 4 83 theme high 632:635 arg1 content 646:652 a high caffeine content 630:652 a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight) 630:673 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis), a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight), was used as a control. 24699984 0 84 theme low 94:96 arg1 species 122:128 a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species 82:128 a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species 82:128 Interactions among chemical components of Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species. 24699984 0 84 theme low 94:96 arg1 components 28:37 chemical components 19:37 chemical components of Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang) 19:79 Interactions among chemical components of Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species. 24699984 8 85 theme molecular 1314:1322 arg1 interactions 1324:1335 molecular interactions 1314:1335 molecular interactions in Cocoa tea and YD tea 1314:1359 Catechins, methylxanthines, proteins, iron, calcium, and copper were presumed to be the origins of molecular interactions in Cocoa tea and YD tea. 24699984 2 86 theme promoting 320:328 arg1 characteristics 330:344 its health promoting characteristics 309:344 its health promoting characteristics 309:344 Although its health promoting characteristics have been known for a while, a very limited amount of scientific research has been focused on Cocoa tea. 24699984 5 87 theme major 928:932 arg1 isomers 866:872 C-2 epimeric isomers 853:872 C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine 853:905 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 5 87 theme major 928:932 arg1 catechins 934:942 the major catechins 924:942 the major catechins 924:942 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 10 88 from inhibitor 1595:1603 arg1 cells 1676:1680 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells 1629:1680 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells 1629:1680 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity assays revealed that Cocoa tea was a more potent inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) than YD tea. 24699984 7 89 theme major 1121:1125 arg1 components 1127:1136 major components 1121:1136 major components in Cocoa tea 1121:1149 Moreover, the tendency of major components in Cocoa tea for precipitation was significantly higher than that in YD tea. 24699984 4 90 theme tea 613:615 arg1 tea 569:571 YD tea 566:571 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis) 566:608 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis), a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight), was used as a control. 24699984 4 90 theme tea 613:615 arg1 species 617:623 a tea species 611:623 a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight) 611:673 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis), a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight), was used as a control. 24699984 4 91 dep tea 569:571 arg1 tea 586:588 Yunnan Daye tea 574:588 Yunnan Daye tea 574:588 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis), a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight), was used as a control. 24699984 4 91 dep tea 569:571 arg1 sinensis 600:607 Camellia sinensis 591:607 Camellia sinensis 591:607 YD tea (Yunnan Daye tea, Camellia sinensis), a tea species with a high caffeine content (5.8% by dry weight), was used as a control. 24699984 5 92 theme Flame 774:778 arg1 Spectrometry 798:809 Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 774:809 Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) 774:816 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 5 92 theme Flame 774:778 arg1 FAAS 812:815 FAAS 812:815 FAAS 812:815 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 5 93 from methylxanthine 948:961 arg1 tea 972:974 Cocoa tea 966:974 Cocoa tea 966:974 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 6 94 located detected 1051:1058 arg2 catechins 1005:1013 More gallated catechins 991:1013 More gallated catechins 991:1013 More gallated catechins, methylxanthines, and proteins were detected in Cocoa tea compared with YD tea. 24699984 6 94 located detected 1051:1058 arg1 tea 1069:1071 Cocoa tea 1063:1071 Cocoa tea 1063:1071 More gallated catechins, methylxanthines, and proteins were detected in Cocoa tea compared with YD tea. 24699984 6 94 located detected 1051:1058 arg2 methylxanthines 1016:1030 methylxanthines 1016:1030 methylxanthines 1016:1030 More gallated catechins, methylxanthines, and proteins were detected in Cocoa tea compared with YD tea. 24699984 6 94 located detected 1051:1058 arg2 proteins 1037:1044 proteins 1037:1044 proteins 1037:1044 More gallated catechins, methylxanthines, and proteins were detected in Cocoa tea compared with YD tea. 24699984 8 95 from origins 1303:1309 arg1 tea 1346:1348 Cocoa tea 1340:1348 Cocoa tea 1340:1348 Catechins, methylxanthines, proteins, iron, calcium, and copper were presumed to be the origins of molecular interactions in Cocoa tea and YD tea. 24699984 8 95 from origins 1303:1309 arg1 tea 1357:1359 YD tea 1354:1359 YD tea 1354:1359 Catechins, methylxanthines, proteins, iron, calcium, and copper were presumed to be the origins of molecular interactions in Cocoa tea and YD tea. 24699984 1 96 theme caffeine 261:268 arg1 content 270:276 surprisingly low caffeine content 244:276 surprisingly low caffeine content (0.2% by dry weight) 244:297 In the 1980s, a novel tea species, Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), was discovered in Southern China with surprisingly low caffeine content (0.2% by dry weight). 24699984 5 97 theme C-2 853:855 arg1 isomers 866:872 C-2 epimeric isomers 853:872 C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine 853:905 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 5 97 theme C-2 853:855 arg1 catechins 934:942 the major catechins 924:942 the major catechins 924:942 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 10 98 theme macrophage 1665:1674 arg1 cells 1676:1680 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells 1629:1680 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells 1629:1680 In vitro anti-inflammatory activity assays revealed that Cocoa tea was a more potent inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) than YD tea. 24699984 5 99 theme chemical 822:829 arg1 analysis 843:850 chemical composition analysis 822:850 chemical composition analysis 822:850 By UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) for chemical composition analysis, C-2 epimeric isomers of tea catechins and theobromine were found to be the major catechins and methylxanthine in Cocoa tea, respectively. 24699984 7 100 from components 1127:1136 arg1 tea 1147:1149 Cocoa tea 1141:1149 Cocoa tea 1141:1149 Moreover, the tendency of major components in Cocoa tea for precipitation was significantly higher than that in YD tea. 27503428 12 0 theme G+C 1125:1127 arg1 % 1149:1149 55.4 mol% 1141:1149 55.4 mol% 1141:1149 The DNA G+C content was 55.4 mol%. 27503428 12 0 theme G+C 1125:1127 arg1 content 1129:1135 The DNA G+C content 1117:1135 The DNA G+C content 1117:1135 The DNA G+C content was 55.4 mol%. 27503428 5 1 theme Gram-stainvariable 522:539 arg1 rod 565:567 a Gram-stainvariable, motile and sporulating rod 520:567 a Gram-stainvariable, motile and sporulating rod 520:567 The isolate was a Gram-stainvariable, motile and sporulating rod. 27503428 5 1 theme Gram-stainvariable 522:539 arg1 isolate 508:514 The isolate 504:514 The isolate 504:514 The isolate was a Gram-stainvariable, motile and sporulating rod. 27503428 9 2 theme fatty 846:850 arg1 acids 852:856 the major fatty acids 836:856 the major fatty acids 836:856 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27503428 9 2 theme fatty 846:850 arg1 anteiso-C15  790:801 anteiso-C15  790:801 anteiso-C15  790:801 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27503428 3 3 theme 99.0 327:330 arg1 % 332:332 % 332:332 % 332:332 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative being Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27503428 3 4 theme Phylogenetic 156:167 arg1 analyses 169:176 Phylogenetic analyses 156:176 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 156:209 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative being Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27503428 2 5 attach isolated 116:123 arg2 strain 85:90 A bacterial strain 73:90 A bacterial strain designated AMTAE16T 73:110 A bacterial strain designated AMTAE16T was isolated from a root of wheat in Spain. 27503428 2 5 attach isolated 116:123 arg1 root 132:135 a root 130:135 a root of wheat in Spain 130:153 A bacterial strain designated AMTAE16T was isolated from a root of wheat in Spain. 27503428 10 6 theme unidentified 1036:1047 arg1 lipids 1049:1054 two unidentified lipids 1032:1054 two unidentified lipids 1032:1054 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, four unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 27503428 3 7 theme sequence 348:355 arg1 similarity 357:366 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 327:366 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 327:366 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative being Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27503428 13 8 theme genus 1267:1271 arg1 species 1252:1258 a novel species 1244:1258 a novel species 1244:1258 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain AMTAE16T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus hispanicus sp. 27503428 3 9 theme gene 196:199 arg1 sequences 201:209 16S rRNA gene sequences 187:209 16S rRNA gene sequences 187:209 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative being Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27503428 1 10 theme aestivum 57:64 arg1 roots 66:70 Triticum aestivum roots 48:70 Triticum aestivum roots 48:70 nov. isolated from Triticum aestivum roots. 27503428 13 11 theme phenotypic 1185:1194 arg1 analyses 1196:1203 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1152:1203 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1152:1203 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain AMTAE16T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus hispanicus sp. 27503428 4 12 theme type 472:475 arg1 strain 477:482 the type strain 468:482 the type strain of P. daejeonensis 468:501 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed a mean of 30 % DNADNA relatedness between strain AMTAE16T and the type strain of P. daejeonensis. 27503428 13 13 theme novel 1246:1250 arg1 species 1252:1258 a novel species 1244:1258 a novel species 1244:1258 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain AMTAE16T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus hispanicus sp. 27503428 3 14 theme rRNA 338:341 arg1 similarity 357:366 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 327:366 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 327:366 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative being Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27503428 2 15 theme wheat 140:144 arg1 root 132:135 a root 130:135 a root of wheat in Spain 130:153 A bacterial strain designated AMTAE16T was isolated from a root of wheat in Spain. 27503428 13 16 theme Phylogenetic 1152:1163 arg1 analyses 1196:1203 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1152:1203 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1152:1203 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain AMTAE16T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus hispanicus sp. 27503428 10 17 theme polar 869:873 arg1 lipids 875:880 The major polar lipids 859:880 The major polar lipids 859:880 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, four unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 27503428 10 17 theme polar 869:873 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 887:908 diphosphatidylglycerol 887:908 diphosphatidylglycerol 887:908 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, four unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 27503428 13 18 theme strain 1217:1222 arg1 AMTAE16T 1224:1231 strain AMTAE16T 1217:1231 strain AMTAE16T 1217:1231 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain AMTAE16T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus hispanicus sp. 27503428 3 19 theme gene 343:346 arg1 similarity 357:366 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 327:366 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 327:366 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative being Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27503428 3 20 theme genus 237:241 arg1 relative 273:280 the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative 233:280 the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative being Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 233:366 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative being Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27503428 3 21 theme 16S 187:189 arg1 sequences 201:209 16S rRNA gene sequences 187:209 16S rRNA gene sequences 187:209 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative being Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27503428 10 22 theme major 863:867 arg1 lipids 875:880 The major polar lipids 859:880 The major polar lipids 859:880 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, four unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 27503428 10 22 theme major 863:867 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 887:908 diphosphatidylglycerol 887:908 diphosphatidylglycerol 887:908 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, four unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 27503428 15 23 theme type 1358:1361 arg1 AMTAE16T 1373:1380 AMTAE16T 1373:1380 AMTAE16T(=LMG 29501T=CECT 9124T) 1373:1404 The type strain is AMTAE16T(=LMG 29501T=CECT 9124T). 27503428 15 23 theme type 1358:1361 arg1 strain 1363:1368 The type strain 1354:1368 The type strain 1354:1368 The type strain is AMTAE16T(=LMG 29501T=CECT 9124T). 27503428 0 24 theme hispanicus 14:23 arg1 sp 25:26 Paenibacillus hispanicus sp 0:26 Paenibacillus hispanicus sp. 0:27 Paenibacillus hispanicus sp. 27503428 8 25 theme many 692:695 arg1 carbohydrates 697:709 many carbohydrates 692:709 many carbohydrates 692:709 Growth was supported by many carbohydrates and organic acids as carbon source. 27503428 3 26 theme rRNA 191:194 arg1 sequences 201:209 16S rRNA gene sequences 187:209 16S rRNA gene sequences 187:209 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative being Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27503428 0 27 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 25:26 Paenibacillus hispanicus sp 0:26 Paenibacillus hispanicus sp. 0:27 Paenibacillus hispanicus sp. 27503428 8 28 theme organic 715:721 arg1 acids 723:727 organic acids 715:727 organic acids 715:727 Growth was supported by many carbohydrates and organic acids as carbon source. 27503428 13 29 theme Paenibacillus 1273:1285 arg1 genus 1267:1271 the genus Paenibacillus 1263:1285 the genus Paenibacillus 1263:1285 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain AMTAE16T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus hispanicus sp. 27503428 3 30 with AP-20T 315:320 arg1 similarity 357:366 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 327:366 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 327:366 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative being Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27503428 3 31 theme closest 265:271 arg1 relative 273:280 the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative 233:280 the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative being Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 233:366 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative being Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27503428 4 32 theme hybridization 377:389 arg1 studies 391:397 DNA-DNA hybridization studies 369:397 DNA-DNA hybridization studies 369:397 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed a mean of 30 % DNADNA relatedness between strain AMTAE16T and the type strain of P. daejeonensis. 27503428 9 33 dep anteiso-C15  790:801 arg1 C16  807:810 C16  807:810 C16  807:810 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27503428 9 33 dep anteiso-C15  790:801 arg1  0 828:829  0 828:829  0 828:829 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27503428 9 33 dep anteiso-C15  790:801 arg1 iso-C16  819:826 iso-C16  819:826 iso-C16  819:826 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27503428 9 33 dep anteiso-C15  790:801 arg1  0 812:813  0 812:813  0 812:813 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27503428 6 34 theme oxidase 583:589 arg1 activities 591:600 Catalase and oxidase activities 570:600 Catalase and oxidase activities 570:600 Catalase and oxidase activities were positive. 27503428 4 35 theme strain 448:453 arg1 AMTAE16T 455:462 strain AMTAE16T 448:462 strain AMTAE16T 448:462 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed a mean of 30 % DNADNA relatedness between strain AMTAE16T and the type strain of P. daejeonensis. 27503428 4 36 theme DNA-DNA 369:375 arg1 studies 391:397 DNA-DNA hybridization studies 369:397 DNA-DNA hybridization studies 369:397 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed a mean of 30 % DNADNA relatedness between strain AMTAE16T and the type strain of P. daejeonensis. 27503428 3 37 theme Paenibacilluswith 243:259 arg1 relative 273:280 the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative 233:280 the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative being Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 233:366 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative being Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27503428 12 38 theme mol 1146:1148 arg1 % 1149:1149 55.4 mol% 1141:1149 55.4 mol% 1141:1149 The DNA G+C content was 55.4 mol%. 27503428 12 38 theme mol 1146:1148 arg1 content 1129:1135 The DNA G+C content 1117:1135 The DNA G+C content 1117:1135 The DNA G+C content was 55.4 mol%. 27503428 10 39 theme unidentified 963:974 arg1 aminophospholipids 976:993 two unidentified aminophospholipids 959:993 two unidentified aminophospholipids 959:993 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, four unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 27503428 9 40 dep detected 777:784 arg1 menaquinone 765:775 the only menaquinone 756:775 the only menaquinone 756:775 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27503428 2 41 from root 132:135 arg1 Spain 149:153 Spain 149:153 Spain 149:153 A bacterial strain designated AMTAE16T was isolated from a root of wheat in Spain. 27503428 6 42 theme Catalase 570:577 arg1 activities 591:600 Catalase and oxidase activities 570:600 Catalase and oxidase activities 570:600 Catalase and oxidase activities were positive. 27503428 13 43 theme Paenibacillus 1307:1319 arg1 sp 1332:1333 the name Paenibacillus hispanicus sp 1298:1333 the name Paenibacillus hispanicus sp 1298:1333 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain AMTAE16T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus hispanicus sp. 27503428 8 44 theme carbon 732:737 arg1 source 739:744 carbon source 732:744 carbon source 732:744 Growth was supported by many carbohydrates and organic acids as carbon source. 27503428 3 45 theme daejeonensis 302:313 arg1 AP-20T 315:320 Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T 288:320 Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 288:366 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative being Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27503428 13 46 theme hispanicus 1321:1330 arg1 sp 1332:1333 the name Paenibacillus hispanicus sp 1298:1333 the name Paenibacillus hispanicus sp 1298:1333 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain AMTAE16T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus hispanicus sp. 27503428 9 47 theme only 760:763 arg1 menaquinone 765:775 the only menaquinone 756:775 the only menaquinone 756:775 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27503428 5 48 theme motile 542:547 arg1 rod 565:567 a Gram-stainvariable, motile and sporulating rod 520:567 a Gram-stainvariable, motile and sporulating rod 520:567 The isolate was a Gram-stainvariable, motile and sporulating rod. 27503428 5 48 theme motile 542:547 arg1 isolate 508:514 The isolate 504:514 The isolate 504:514 The isolate was a Gram-stainvariable, motile and sporulating rod. 27503428 9 49 theme major 840:844 arg1 acids 852:856 the major fatty acids 836:856 the major fatty acids 836:856 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27503428 9 49 theme major 840:844 arg1 anteiso-C15  790:801 anteiso-C15  790:801 anteiso-C15  790:801 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27503428 4 50 theme % 419:419 arg1 relatedness 428:438 30 % DNADNA relatedness 416:438 30 % DNADNA relatedness 416:438 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed a mean of 30 % DNADNA relatedness between strain AMTAE16T and the type strain of P. daejeonensis. 27503428 12 51 theme DNA 1121:1123 arg1 % 1149:1149 55.4 mol% 1141:1149 55.4 mol% 1141:1149 The DNA G+C content was 55.4 mol%. 27503428 12 51 theme DNA 1121:1123 arg1 content 1129:1135 The DNA G+C content 1117:1135 The DNA G+C content 1117:1135 The DNA G+C content was 55.4 mol%. 27503428 2 52 theme bacterial 75:83 arg1 strain 85:90 A bacterial strain 73:90 A bacterial strain designated AMTAE16T 73:110 A bacterial strain designated AMTAE16T was isolated from a root of wheat in Spain. 27503428 11 53 located detected 1086:1093 arg2 acid 1077:1080 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1057:1080 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1057:1080 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. 27503428 11 53 located detected 1086:1093 arg1 peptidoglycan 1102:1114 the peptidoglycan 1098:1114 the peptidoglycan 1098:1114 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. 27503428 4 54 theme 30 416:417 arg1 % 419:419 % 419:419 % 419:419 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed a mean of 30 % DNADNA relatedness between strain AMTAE16T and the type strain of P. daejeonensis. 27503428 10 55 theme unidentified 1001:1012 arg1 phospholipids 1014:1026 four unidentified phospholipids 996:1026 four unidentified phospholipids 996:1026 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, four unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 27503428 5 56 theme sporulating 553:563 arg1 rod 565:567 a Gram-stainvariable, motile and sporulating rod 520:567 a Gram-stainvariable, motile and sporulating rod 520:567 The isolate was a Gram-stainvariable, motile and sporulating rod. 27503428 5 56 theme sporulating 553:563 arg1 isolate 508:514 The isolate 504:514 The isolate 504:514 The isolate was a Gram-stainvariable, motile and sporulating rod. 27503428 15 57 theme =LMG 1382:1385 arg1 AMTAE16T 1373:1380 AMTAE16T 1373:1380 AMTAE16T(=LMG 29501T=CECT 9124T) 1373:1404 The type strain is AMTAE16T(=LMG 29501T=CECT 9124T). 27503428 15 57 theme =LMG 1382:1385 arg1 9124T 1399:1403 =LMG 29501T=CECT 9124T 1382:1403 =LMG 29501T=CECT 9124T 1382:1403 The type strain is AMTAE16T(=LMG 29501T=CECT 9124T). 27503428 3 58 theme Paenibacillus 288:300 arg1 AP-20T 315:320 Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T 288:320 Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 288:366 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative being Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27503428 4 59 theme relatedness 428:438 arg1 mean 408:411 a mean 406:411 a mean of 30 % DNADNA relatedness between strain AMTAE16T and the type strain of P. daejeonensis 406:501 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed a mean of 30 % DNADNA relatedness between strain AMTAE16T and the type strain of P. daejeonensis. 27503428 15 60 theme 29501T=CECT 1387:1397 arg1 AMTAE16T 1373:1380 AMTAE16T 1373:1380 AMTAE16T(=LMG 29501T=CECT 9124T) 1373:1404 The type strain is AMTAE16T(=LMG 29501T=CECT 9124T). 27503428 15 60 theme 29501T=CECT 1387:1397 arg1 9124T 1399:1403 =LMG 29501T=CECT 9124T 1382:1403 =LMG 29501T=CECT 9124T 1382:1403 The type strain is AMTAE16T(=LMG 29501T=CECT 9124T). 27503428 3 61 theme % 332:332 arg1 similarity 357:366 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 327:366 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 327:366 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative being Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27503428 4 62 theme DNADNA 421:426 arg1 relatedness 428:438 30 % DNADNA relatedness 416:438 30 % DNADNA relatedness 416:438 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed a mean of 30 % DNADNA relatedness between strain AMTAE16T and the type strain of P. daejeonensis. 27503428 13 63 theme chemotaxonomic 1166:1179 arg1 analyses 1196:1203 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1152:1203 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1152:1203 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain AMTAE16T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus hispanicus sp. 27503428 11 64 theme meso-Diaminopimelic 1057:1075 arg1 acid 1077:1080 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1057:1080 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1057:1080 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. 27503428 3 65 theme 16S 334:336 arg1 similarity 357:366 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 327:366 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 327:366 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacilluswith its closest relative being Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 27503428 4 66 theme daejeonensis 490:501 arg1 strain 477:482 the type strain 468:482 the type strain of P. daejeonensis 468:501 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed a mean of 30 % DNADNA relatedness between strain AMTAE16T and the type strain of P. daejeonensis. 27503428 4 66 theme daejeonensis 490:501 arg1 AMTAE16T 455:462 strain AMTAE16T 448:462 strain AMTAE16T 448:462 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed a mean of 30 % DNADNA relatedness between strain AMTAE16T and the type strain of P. daejeonensis. 27503428 1 67 theme Triticum 48:55 arg1 roots 66:70 Triticum aestivum roots 48:70 Triticum aestivum roots 48:70 nov. isolated from Triticum aestivum roots. 27503428 13 68 theme name 1302:1305 arg1 sp 1332:1333 the name Paenibacillus hispanicus sp 1298:1333 the name Paenibacillus hispanicus sp 1298:1333 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain AMTAE16T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus hispanicus sp. 26296580 3 0 theme based 315:319 arg1 member 281:286 a member 279:286 a member of the genus Paenibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inferences 279:377 The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inferences. 26296580 3 0 theme based 315:319 arg1 isolate 253:259 The isolate 249:259 The isolate 249:259 The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inferences. 26296580 12 1 theme phylogenetic 1375:1386 arg1 properties 1388:1397 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties 1344:1397 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties 1344:1397 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain XBT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp. 26296580 14 2 theme type 1558:1561 arg1 XBT 1573:1575 XBT 1573:1575 XBT ( = CGMCC 1.15044T = DSM 29851T) 1573:1608 The type strain is XBT ( = CGMCC 1.15044T = DSM 29851T). 26296580 14 2 theme type 1558:1561 arg1 strain 1563:1568 The type strain 1554:1568 The type strain 1554:1568 The type strain is XBT ( = CGMCC 1.15044T = DSM 29851T). 26296580 12 3 theme strain 1400:1405 arg1 XBT 1407:1409 strain XBT 1400:1409 strain XBT 1400:1409 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain XBT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp. 26296580 14 4 theme 1.15044T = DSM 1587:1600 arg1 29851T 1602:1607  = CGMCC 1.15044T = DSM 29851T 1578:1607  = CGMCC 1.15044T = DSM 29851T 1578:1607 The type strain is XBT ( = CGMCC 1.15044T = DSM 29851T). 26296580 14 4 theme 1.15044T = DSM 1587:1600 arg1 XBT 1573:1575 XBT 1573:1575 XBT ( = CGMCC 1.15044T = DSM 29851T) 1573:1608 The type strain is XBT ( = CGMCC 1.15044T = DSM 29851T). 26296580 6 5 contain contained 556:564 arg2 aminophospholipids 706:723 two aminophospholipids 702:723 two aminophospholipids 702:723 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 6 5 contain contained 556:564 arg2 aminolipid 749:758 one aminolipid 745:758 one aminolipid 745:758 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 6 5 contain contained 556:564 arg2 glycolipids 732:742 three glycolipids 726:742 three glycolipids 726:742 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 6 5 contain contained 556:564 arg2 lipid 768:772 one lipid 764:772 one lipid 764:772 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 6 5 contain contained 556:564 arg2 phosphatidylethanolamine 612:635 phosphatidylethanolamine 612:635 phosphatidylethanolamine 612:635 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 6 5 contain contained 556:564 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 566:587 diphosphatidylglycerol 566:587 diphosphatidylglycerol 566:587 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 6 5 contain contained 556:564 arg2 phospholipid 688:699 one phospholipid 684:699 one phospholipid 684:699 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 6 5 contain contained 556:564 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 phosphatidylglycerol 590:609 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 6 5 contain contained 556:564 arg2 components 662:671 several unidentified components 641:671 several unidentified components 641:671 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 6 5 contain contained 556:564 arg1 lipids 549:554 The major polar lipids 533:554 The major polar lipids 533:554 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 11 6 theme evolutionary 1190:1201 arg1 distances 1203:1211 the evolutionary distances 1186:1211 the evolutionary distances encompassed by the genus Paenibacillus 1186:1250 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, showed that strain XBT fell within the evolutionary distances encompassed by the genus Paenibacillus; its closest phylogenetic neighbour was Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84T (96.6 %). 26296580 8 7 theme cell-wall 850:858 arg1 peptidoglycan 860:872 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 846:872 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 846:872 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26296580 9 8 dep  0 961:962 arg1 % 1017:1017 8.3 % 1013:1017 8.3 % 1013:1017 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). 26296580 9 8 dep  0 961:962 arg1  0 987:988  0 987:988  0 987:988 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). 26296580 9 8 dep  0 961:962 arg1 % 1037:1037 6.7 % 1033:1037 6.7 % 1033:1037 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). 26296580 9 8 dep  0 961:962 arg1  0 1009:1010  0 1009:1010  0 1009:1010 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). 26296580 9 8 dep  0 961:962 arg1 C16  1024:1027 C16  1024:1027 C16  1024:1027 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). 26296580 9 8 dep  0 961:962 arg1 % 996:996 20.6 % 991:996 20.6 % 991:996 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). 26296580 2 9 dep Gram-stain-positive 88:106 arg1 rod-shaped 137:146 rod-shaped 137:146 rod-shaped 137:146 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain XBT, was isolated from Physcomitrella patens growing in Beijing, China. 26296580 2 9 dep Gram-stain-positive 88:106 arg1 anaerobic 123:131 anaerobic 123:131 anaerobic 123:131 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain XBT, was isolated from Physcomitrella patens growing in Beijing, China. 26296580 7 10 theme isoprenoid 791:800 arg1 quinone 802:808 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 775:808 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 775:808 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26296580 7 10 theme isoprenoid 791:800 arg1 MK-7 814:817 MK-7 814:817 MK-7 814:817 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26296580 8 11 located found 837:841 arg1 peptidoglycan 860:872 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 846:872 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 846:872 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26296580 8 11 located found 837:841 arg2 acid 898:901 meso-diaminopimelic acid 878:901 meso-diaminopimelic acid 878:901 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26296580 8 11 located found 837:841 arg2 acid 832:835 The diamino acid 820:835 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 820:872 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26296580 7 12 theme predominant 779:789 arg1 quinone 802:808 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 775:808 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 775:808 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26296580 7 12 theme predominant 779:789 arg1 MK-7 814:817 MK-7 814:817 MK-7 814:817 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 26296580 6 13 theme polar 543:547 arg1 lipids 549:554 The major polar lipids 533:554 The major polar lipids 533:554 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 2 14 theme strain 170:175 arg1 XBT 177:179 strain XBT 170:179 strain XBT 170:179 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain XBT, was isolated from Physcomitrella patens growing in Beijing, China. 26296580 9 15 theme major 908:912 arg1  0 961:962  0 961:962  0 961:962 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). 26296580 9 15 theme major 908:912 arg1 components 925:934 The major fatty acid components 904:934 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) 904:941 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). 26296580 9 15 theme major 908:912 arg1 % 940:940 >5 % 937:940 >5 % 937:940 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). 26296580 9 15 theme major 908:912 arg1 anteiso-C15  948:959 anteiso-C15  948:959 anteiso-C15  948:959 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). 26296580 1 16 theme moss 58:61 arg1 patens 78:83 the moss Physcomitrella patens 54:83 the moss Physcomitrella patens 54:83 nov., isolated from the moss Physcomitrella patens. 26296580 3 17 from member 281:286 arg1 characteristics 335:349 phenotypic characteristics 324:349 phenotypic characteristics 324:349 The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inferences. 26296580 3 17 from member 281:286 arg1 inferences 368:377 phylogenetic inferences 355:377 phylogenetic inferences 355:377 The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inferences. 26296580 6 18 theme major 537:541 arg1 lipids 549:554 The major polar lipids 533:554 The major polar lipids 533:554 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 12 19 theme phenotypic 1344:1353 arg1 properties 1388:1397 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties 1344:1397 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties 1344:1397 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain XBT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp. 26296580 9 20 theme fatty 914:918 arg1  0 961:962  0 961:962  0 961:962 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). 26296580 9 20 theme fatty 914:918 arg1 components 925:934 The major fatty acid components 904:934 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) 904:941 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). 26296580 9 20 theme fatty 914:918 arg1 % 940:940 >5 % 937:940 >5 % 937:940 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). 26296580 9 20 theme fatty 914:918 arg1 anteiso-C15  948:959 anteiso-C15  948:959 anteiso-C15  948:959 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). 26296580 1 21 theme Physcomitrella 63:76 arg1 patens 78:83 the moss Physcomitrella patens 54:83 the moss Physcomitrella patens 54:83 nov., isolated from the moss Physcomitrella patens. 26296580 3 22 theme phylogenetic 355:366 arg1 inferences 368:377 phylogenetic inferences 355:377 phylogenetic inferences 355:377 The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inferences. 26296580 10 23 theme G+C 1045:1047 arg1 % 1088:1088 53.3 mol% 1080:1088 53.3 mol% 1080:1088 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 53.3 mol%. 26296580 10 23 theme G+C 1045:1047 arg1 content 1049:1055 The G+C content 1041:1055 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1041:1074 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 53.3 mol%. 26296580 9 24 theme acid 920:923 arg1  0 961:962  0 961:962  0 961:962 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). 26296580 9 24 theme acid 920:923 arg1 components 925:934 The major fatty acid components 904:934 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) 904:941 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). 26296580 9 24 theme acid 920:923 arg1 % 940:940 >5 % 937:940 >5 % 937:940 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). 26296580 9 24 theme acid 920:923 arg1 anteiso-C15  948:959 anteiso-C15  948:959 anteiso-C15  948:959 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). 26296580 4 25 theme novel 384:388 arg1 strain 390:395 The novel strain 380:395 The novel strain 380:395 The novel strain was spore-forming, motile, catalase-negative and weakly oxidase-positive. 26296580 4 25 theme novel 384:388 arg1 spore-forming 401:413 spore-forming 401:413 spore-forming 401:413 The novel strain was spore-forming, motile, catalase-negative and weakly oxidase-positive. 26296580 11 26 theme phylogenetic 1265:1276 arg1 neighbour 1278:1286 its closest phylogenetic neighbour 1253:1286 its closest phylogenetic neighbour 1253:1286 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, showed that strain XBT fell within the evolutionary distances encompassed by the genus Paenibacillus; its closest phylogenetic neighbour was Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84T (96.6 %). 26296580 9 27 dep anteiso-C15  948:959 arg1 components 925:934 The major fatty acid components 904:934 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) 904:941 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). 26296580 9 27 dep anteiso-C15  948:959 arg1  0 961:962  0 961:962  0 961:962 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). 26296580 9 27 dep anteiso-C15  948:959 arg1 % 970:970 51.2 % 965:970 51.2 % 965:970 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). 26296580 9 27 dep anteiso-C15  948:959 arg1 anteiso-C15  948:959 anteiso-C15  948:959 anteiso-C15  948:959 The major fatty acid components (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.2 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (8.3 %) and C16 : 0 (6.7 %). 26296580 0 28 theme physcomitrellae 14:28 arg1 sp 30:31 Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp 0:31 Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp. 0:32 Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp. 26296580 12 29 theme chemotaxonomic 1356:1369 arg1 properties 1388:1397 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties 1344:1397 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties 1344:1397 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain XBT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp. 26296580 11 30 theme rRNA 1131:1134 arg1 sequence 1141:1148 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1123:1148 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1123:1148 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, showed that strain XBT fell within the evolutionary distances encompassed by the genus Paenibacillus; its closest phylogenetic neighbour was Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84T (96.6 %). 26296580 0 31 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 30:31 Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp 0:31 Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp. 0:32 Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp. 26296580 14 32 theme  = CGMCC 1578:1585 arg1 29851T 1602:1607  = CGMCC 1.15044T = DSM 29851T 1578:1607  = CGMCC 1.15044T = DSM 29851T 1578:1607 The type strain is XBT ( = CGMCC 1.15044T = DSM 29851T). 26296580 14 32 theme  = CGMCC 1578:1585 arg1 XBT 1573:1575 XBT 1573:1575 XBT ( = CGMCC 1.15044T = DSM 29851T) 1573:1608 The type strain is XBT ( = CGMCC 1.15044T = DSM 29851T). 26296580 11 33 theme gene 1136:1139 arg1 sequence 1141:1148 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1123:1148 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1123:1148 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, showed that strain XBT fell within the evolutionary distances encompassed by the genus Paenibacillus; its closest phylogenetic neighbour was Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84T (96.6 %). 26296580 5 34 theme strain 489:494 arg1 XBT 496:498 strain XBT 489:498 strain XBT 489:498 Optimal growth of strain XBT occurred at 28°C and pH 7.0-7.5. 26296580 10 35 theme DNA 1072:1074 arg1 % 1088:1088 53.3 mol% 1080:1088 53.3 mol% 1080:1088 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 53.3 mol%. 26296580 10 35 theme DNA 1072:1074 arg1 content 1049:1055 The G+C content 1041:1055 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1041:1074 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 53.3 mol%. 26296580 11 36 dep DCY84T 1318:1323 arg1 % 1331:1331 96.6 % 1326:1331 96.6 % 1326:1331 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, showed that strain XBT fell within the evolutionary distances encompassed by the genus Paenibacillus; its closest phylogenetic neighbour was Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84T (96.6 %). 26296580 5 37 theme XBT 496:498 arg1 growth 479:484 Optimal growth 471:484 Optimal growth of strain XBT 471:498 Optimal growth of strain XBT occurred at 28°C and pH 7.0-7.5. 26296580 6 38 theme unidentified 649:660 arg1 lipid 768:772 one lipid 764:772 one lipid 764:772 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 6 38 theme unidentified 649:660 arg1 phospholipid 688:699 one phospholipid 684:699 one phospholipid 684:699 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 6 38 theme unidentified 649:660 arg1 aminolipid 749:758 one aminolipid 745:758 one aminolipid 745:758 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 6 38 theme unidentified 649:660 arg1 components 662:671 several unidentified components 641:671 several unidentified components 641:671 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 6 38 theme unidentified 649:660 arg1 aminophospholipids 706:723 two aminophospholipids 702:723 two aminophospholipids 702:723 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 6 38 theme unidentified 649:660 arg1 glycolipids 732:742 three glycolipids 726:742 three glycolipids 726:742 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 10 39 theme genomic 1064:1070 arg1 DNA 1072:1074 the genomic DNA 1060:1074 the genomic DNA 1060:1074 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 53.3 mol%. 26296580 11 40 theme 16S 1127:1129 arg1 sequence 1141:1148 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1123:1148 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1123:1148 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, showed that strain XBT fell within the evolutionary distances encompassed by the genus Paenibacillus; its closest phylogenetic neighbour was Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84T (96.6 %). 26296580 2 41 attach isolated 186:193 arg1 patens 215:220 Physcomitrella patens 200:220 Physcomitrella patens growing in Beijing, China 200:246 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain XBT, was isolated from Physcomitrella patens growing in Beijing, China. 26296580 2 41 attach isolated 186:193 arg2 bacterium 148:156 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium 86:156 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium 86:156 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain XBT, was isolated from Physcomitrella patens growing in Beijing, China. 26296580 6 42 theme several 641:647 arg1 lipid 768:772 one lipid 764:772 one lipid 764:772 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 6 42 theme several 641:647 arg1 phospholipid 688:699 one phospholipid 684:699 one phospholipid 684:699 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 6 42 theme several 641:647 arg1 aminolipid 749:758 one aminolipid 745:758 one aminolipid 745:758 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 6 42 theme several 641:647 arg1 components 662:671 several unidentified components 641:671 several unidentified components 641:671 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 6 42 theme several 641:647 arg1 aminophospholipids 706:723 two aminophospholipids 702:723 two aminophospholipids 702:723 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 6 42 theme several 641:647 arg1 glycolipids 732:742 three glycolipids 726:742 three glycolipids 726:742 The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified components, including one phospholipid, two aminophospholipids, three glycolipids, one aminolipid and one lipid. 26296580 11 43 theme yonginensis 1306:1316 arg1 DCY84T 1318:1323 Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84T 1292:1323 Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84T 1292:1323 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, showed that strain XBT fell within the evolutionary distances encompassed by the genus Paenibacillus; its closest phylogenetic neighbour was Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84T (96.6 %). 26296580 12 44 theme Paenibacillus 1501:1513 arg1 sp 1531:1532 the name Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp 1492:1532 the name Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp 1492:1532 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain XBT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp. 26296580 3 45 from inferences 368:377 arg1 member 281:286 a member 279:286 a member of the genus Paenibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inferences 279:377 The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inferences. 26296580 3 45 from inferences 368:377 arg1 isolate 253:259 The isolate 249:259 The isolate 249:259 The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inferences. 26296580 12 46 theme physcomitrellae 1515:1529 arg1 sp 1531:1532 the name Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp 1492:1532 the name Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp 1492:1532 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain XBT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp. 26296580 11 47 theme Paenibacillus 1292:1304 arg1 DCY84T 1318:1323 Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84T 1292:1323 Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84T 1292:1323 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, showed that strain XBT fell within the evolutionary distances encompassed by the genus Paenibacillus; its closest phylogenetic neighbour was Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84T (96.6 %). 26296580 2 48 theme Gram-stain-positive 88:106 arg1 bacterium 148:156 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium 86:156 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium 86:156 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain XBT, was isolated from Physcomitrella patens growing in Beijing, China. 26296580 3 49 theme genus 295:299 arg1 based 315:319 the genus Paenibacillus based 291:319 the genus Paenibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inferences 291:377 The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inferences. 26296580 12 50 theme novel 1440:1444 arg1 species 1446:1452 a novel species 1438:1452 a novel species 1438:1452 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain XBT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp. 26296580 12 51 theme Paenibacillus 1467:1479 arg1 genus 1461:1465 the genus Paenibacillus 1457:1479 the genus Paenibacillus 1457:1479 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain XBT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp. 26296580 8 52 theme diamino 824:830 arg1 acid 832:835 The diamino acid 820:835 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 820:872 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26296580 8 52 theme diamino 824:830 arg1 acid 898:901 meso-diaminopimelic acid 878:901 meso-diaminopimelic acid 878:901 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26296580 3 53 theme Paenibacillus 301:313 arg1 based 315:319 the genus Paenibacillus based 291:319 the genus Paenibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inferences 291:377 The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inferences. 26296580 3 54 from based 315:319 arg1 characteristics 335:349 phenotypic characteristics 324:349 phenotypic characteristics 324:349 The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inferences. 26296580 3 54 from based 315:319 arg1 inferences 368:377 phylogenetic inferences 355:377 phylogenetic inferences 355:377 The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inferences. 26296580 10 55 theme 53.3 mol 1080:1087 arg1 % 1088:1088 53.3 mol% 1080:1088 53.3 mol% 1080:1088 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 53.3 mol%. 26296580 10 55 theme 53.3 mol 1080:1087 arg1 content 1049:1055 The G+C content 1041:1055 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1041:1074 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 53.3 mol%. 26296580 11 56 theme strain 1163:1168 arg1 XBT 1170:1172 strain XBT 1163:1172 strain XBT 1163:1172 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, showed that strain XBT fell within the evolutionary distances encompassed by the genus Paenibacillus; its closest phylogenetic neighbour was Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84T (96.6 %). 26296580 5 57 theme Optimal 471:477 arg1 growth 479:484 Optimal growth 471:484 Optimal growth of strain XBT 471:498 Optimal growth of strain XBT occurred at 28°C and pH 7.0-7.5. 26296580 2 58 theme Physcomitrella 200:213 arg1 patens 215:220 Physcomitrella patens 200:220 Physcomitrella patens growing in Beijing, China 200:246 A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain XBT, was isolated from Physcomitrella patens growing in Beijing, China. 26296580 11 59 theme Phylogenetic 1091:1102 arg1 analysis 1104:1111 Phylogenetic analysis 1091:1111 Phylogenetic analysis 1091:1111 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, showed that strain XBT fell within the evolutionary distances encompassed by the genus Paenibacillus; its closest phylogenetic neighbour was Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84T (96.6 %). 26296580 3 60 theme phenotypic 324:333 arg1 characteristics 335:349 phenotypic characteristics 324:349 phenotypic characteristics 324:349 The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inferences. 26296580 3 61 from characteristics 335:349 arg1 member 281:286 a member 279:286 a member of the genus Paenibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inferences 279:377 The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inferences. 26296580 3 61 from characteristics 335:349 arg1 isolate 253:259 The isolate 249:259 The isolate 249:259 The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inferences. 26296580 12 62 theme genus 1461:1465 arg1 species 1446:1452 a novel species 1438:1452 a novel species 1438:1452 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain XBT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp. 26296580 8 63 theme meso-diaminopimelic 878:896 arg1 acid 898:901 meso-diaminopimelic acid 878:901 meso-diaminopimelic acid 878:901 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26296580 8 63 theme meso-diaminopimelic 878:896 arg1 acid 832:835 The diamino acid 820:835 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 820:872 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26296580 11 64 theme closest 1257:1263 arg1 neighbour 1278:1286 its closest phylogenetic neighbour 1253:1286 its closest phylogenetic neighbour 1253:1286 Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, showed that strain XBT fell within the evolutionary distances encompassed by the genus Paenibacillus; its closest phylogenetic neighbour was Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84T (96.6 %). 26296580 12 65 theme name 1496:1499 arg1 sp 1531:1532 the name Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp 1492:1532 the name Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp 1492:1532 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain XBT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus physcomitrellae sp. 25808084 6 0 from survivability 814:826 arg1 viscosity 756:764 viscosity 756:764 viscosity 756:764 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 6 0 from survivability 814:826 arg1 pH 749:750 pH 749:750 pH 749:750 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 13 1 dep goats 1738:1742 arg1 yogurt 1750:1755 milk yogurt 1745:1755 milk yogurt 1745:1755 The results indicated that HWPC could be used as a fat replacer for improving the consistency of nonfat goats' milk yogurt and other similar products. 25808084 13 1 dep goats 1738:1742 arg1 products 1775:1782 other similar products 1761:1782 other similar products 1761:1782 The results indicated that HWPC could be used as a fat replacer for improving the consistency of nonfat goats' milk yogurt and other similar products. 25808084 2 2 theme containing 257:266 arg1 probiotics 268:277 milk yogurt containing probiotics 245:277 milk yogurt containing probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium spp.) 245:331 A nonfat goats' milk yogurt containing probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium spp.) 25808084 10 3 theme CFU 1293:1295 arg1 g 1297:1297 10(6) CFU g 1287:1297 10(6) CFU g(-1) 1287:1301 remained stable and was above 10(6) CFU g(-1) during the 10-wk storage. 25808084 10 3 theme CFU 1293:1295 arg1 -1 1299:1300 -1 1299:1300 -1 1299:1300 remained stable and was above 10(6) CFU g(-1) during the 10-wk storage. 25808084 11 4 theme acidophilus 1370:1380 arg1 population 1342:1351 the population 1338:1351 the population of Lactobacillus acidophilus 1338:1380 However, the population of Lactobacillus acidophilus dropped to below 10(6) CFU g(-1) after 2 wk of storage. 25808084 2 5 theme milk 245:248 arg1 probiotics 268:277 milk yogurt containing probiotics 245:277 milk yogurt containing probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium spp.) 245:331 A nonfat goats' milk yogurt containing probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium spp.) 25808084 0 6 theme whey 119:122 arg1 protein 124:130 heat-treated whey protein 106:130 heat-treated whey protein 106:130 Physiochemical properties, microstructure, and probiotic survivability of nonfat goats' milk yogurt using heat-treated whey protein concentrate as fat replacer. 25808084 1 7 theme nonfat 190:195 arg1 products 219:226 nonfat fermented goats' milk products 190:226 nonfat fermented goats' milk products 190:226 There is a market demand for nonfat fermented goats' milk products. 25808084 8 8 theme samples 1188:1194 arg1 pH 1167:1168 pH 1167:1168 pH 1167:1168 Viscosity and pH of all the yogurt samples did not change much throughout storage. 25808084 8 8 theme samples 1188:1194 arg1 Viscosity 1153:1161 Viscosity 1153:1161 Viscosity 1153:1161 Viscosity and pH of all the yogurt samples did not change much throughout storage. 25808084 13 9 used used 1675:1678 arg2 replacer 1689:1696 a fat replacer 1683:1696 a fat replacer for improving the consistency of nonfat goats' milk yogurt and other similar products 1683:1782 The results indicated that HWPC could be used as a fat replacer for improving the consistency of nonfat goats' milk yogurt and other similar products. 25808084 13 9 used used 1675:1678 arg2 HWPC 1661:1664 HWPC 1661:1664 HWPC 1661:1664 The results indicated that HWPC could be used as a fat replacer for improving the consistency of nonfat goats' milk yogurt and other similar products. 25808084 7 10 theme % 929:929 arg1 HWPC 931:934 1.2% HWPC 926:934 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) 926:986 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 13 11 theme similar 1767:1773 arg1 products 1775:1782 other similar products 1761:1782 other similar products 1761:1782 The results indicated that HWPC could be used as a fat replacer for improving the consistency of nonfat goats' milk yogurt and other similar products. 25808084 7 12 theme goats 897:901 arg1 yogurt 909:914 the nonfat goats' milk yogurt 886:914 the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin 886:1003 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 12 13 theme yogurt 1622:1627 arg1 gel 1629:1631 the yogurt gel 1618:1631 the yogurt gel 1618:1631 Microstructure analysis of the nonfat goats' milk yogurt by scanning electron microscopy revealed that HWPC interacted with casein micelles to form a relatively compact network in the yogurt gel. 25808084 7 14 theme P 1142:1142 arg1 pectin 1134:1139 only pectin 1129:1139 only pectin (P < 0.01) 1129:1150 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 7 14 theme P 1142:1142 arg1 < 1144:1144 P < 0.01 1142:1149 P < 0.01 1142:1149 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 4 15 with pectin 514:519 arg1 pectin 544:549 only pectin 539:549 only pectin 539:549 Yogurts containing untreated whey protein concentrate (WPC) and pectin, and the one with only pectin were also prepared. 25808084 0 16 theme fat 147:149 arg1 replacer 151:158 fat replacer 147:158 fat replacer 147:158 Physiochemical properties, microstructure, and probiotic survivability of nonfat goats' milk yogurt using heat-treated whey protein concentrate as fat replacer. 25808084 13 17 theme goats 1738:1742 arg1 consistency 1716:1726 the consistency 1712:1726 the consistency of nonfat goats' milk yogurt and other similar products 1712:1782 The results indicated that HWPC could be used as a fat replacer for improving the consistency of nonfat goats' milk yogurt and other similar products. 25808084 13 18 theme milk 1745:1748 arg1 yogurt 1750:1755 milk yogurt 1745:1755 milk yogurt 1745:1755 The results indicated that HWPC could be used as a fat replacer for improving the consistency of nonfat goats' milk yogurt and other similar products. 25808084 4 19 contain containing 458:467 arg1 Yogurts 450:456 Yogurts 450:456 Yogurts containing untreated whey protein concentrate (WPC) and pectin, and the one with only pectin 450:549 Yogurts containing untreated whey protein concentrate (WPC) and pectin, and the one with only pectin were also prepared. 25808084 4 19 contain containing 458:467 arg2 one 530:532 the one 526:532 the one with only pectin 526:549 Yogurts containing untreated whey protein concentrate (WPC) and pectin, and the one with only pectin were also prepared. 25808084 4 19 contain containing 458:467 arg2 protein 484:490 untreated whey protein concentrate 469:502 untreated whey protein concentrate (WPC) 469:508 Yogurts containing untreated whey protein concentrate (WPC) and pectin, and the one with only pectin were also prepared. 25808084 4 19 contain containing 458:467 arg2 pectin 514:519 pectin 514:519 pectin 514:519 Yogurts containing untreated whey protein concentrate (WPC) and pectin, and the one with only pectin were also prepared. 25808084 4 19 contain containing 458:467 arg2 WPC 505:507 WPC 505:507 WPC 505:507 Yogurts containing untreated whey protein concentrate (WPC) and pectin, and the one with only pectin were also prepared. 25808084 4 20 with one 530:532 arg1 pectin 544:549 only pectin 539:549 only pectin 539:549 Yogurts containing untreated whey protein concentrate (WPC) and pectin, and the one with only pectin were also prepared. 25808084 4 21 theme untreated 469:477 arg1 protein 484:490 untreated whey protein concentrate 469:502 untreated whey protein concentrate (WPC) 469:508 Yogurts containing untreated whey protein concentrate (WPC) and pectin, and the one with only pectin were also prepared. 25808084 4 21 theme untreated 469:477 arg1 WPC 505:507 WPC 505:507 WPC 505:507 Yogurts containing untreated whey protein concentrate (WPC) and pectin, and the one with only pectin were also prepared. 25808084 2 22 dep probiotics 268:277 arg1 spp 327:329 Bifidobacterium spp 311:329 Bifidobacterium spp 311:329 A nonfat goats' milk yogurt containing probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium spp.) 25808084 2 22 dep probiotics 268:277 arg1 acidophilus 294:304 Lactobacillus acidophilus 280:304 Lactobacillus acidophilus 280:304 A nonfat goats' milk yogurt containing probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium spp.) 25808084 2 22 dep probiotics 268:277 arg1 goats 238:242 A nonfat goats 229:242 A nonfat goats 229:242 A nonfat goats' milk yogurt containing probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium spp.) 25808084 0 23 theme goats 81:85 arg1 yogurt 93:98 nonfat goats' milk yogurt 74:98 nonfat goats' milk yogurt using heat-treated whey protein 74:130 Physiochemical properties, microstructure, and probiotic survivability of nonfat goats' milk yogurt using heat-treated whey protein concentrate as fat replacer. 25808084 0 24 theme milk 88:91 arg1 yogurt 93:98 nonfat goats' milk yogurt 74:98 nonfat goats' milk yogurt using heat-treated whey protein 74:130 Physiochemical properties, microstructure, and probiotic survivability of nonfat goats' milk yogurt using heat-treated whey protein concentrate as fat replacer. 25808084 13 25 theme fat 1685:1687 arg1 HWPC 1661:1664 HWPC 1661:1664 HWPC 1661:1664 The results indicated that HWPC could be used as a fat replacer for improving the consistency of nonfat goats' milk yogurt and other similar products. 25808084 13 25 theme fat 1685:1687 arg1 replacer 1689:1696 a fat replacer 1683:1696 a fat replacer for improving the consistency of nonfat goats' milk yogurt and other similar products 1683:1782 The results indicated that HWPC could be used as a fat replacer for improving the consistency of nonfat goats' milk yogurt and other similar products. 25808084 3 26 theme protein 371:377 arg1 replacer 407:414 a fat replacer 401:414 a fat replacer 401:414 was developed using heat-treated whey protein concentrate (HWPC) as a fat replacer and pectin as a thickening agent. 25808084 3 26 theme protein 371:377 arg1 HWPC 392:395 HWPC 392:395 HWPC 392:395 was developed using heat-treated whey protein concentrate (HWPC) as a fat replacer and pectin as a thickening agent. 25808084 3 26 theme protein 371:377 arg1 agent 443:447 a thickening agent 430:447 a thickening agent 430:447 was developed using heat-treated whey protein concentrate (HWPC) as a fat replacer and pectin as a thickening agent. 25808084 3 26 theme protein 371:377 arg1 concentrate 379:389 heat-treated whey protein concentrate 353:389 heat-treated whey protein concentrate (HWPC) 353:396 was developed using heat-treated whey protein concentrate (HWPC) as a fat replacer and pectin as a thickening agent. 25808084 0 27 theme nonfat 74:79 arg1 yogurt 93:98 nonfat goats' milk yogurt 74:98 nonfat goats' milk yogurt using heat-treated whey protein 74:130 Physiochemical properties, microstructure, and probiotic survivability of nonfat goats' milk yogurt using heat-treated whey protein concentrate as fat replacer. 25808084 0 28 theme Physiochemical 0:13 arg1 properties 15:24 Physiochemical properties 0:24 Physiochemical properties 0:24 Physiochemical properties, microstructure, and probiotic survivability of nonfat goats' milk yogurt using heat-treated whey protein concentrate as fat replacer. 25808084 7 29 theme heated 950:955 arg1 solution 941:948 WPC solution 937:948 WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5 937:985 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 3 30 theme heat-treated 353:364 arg1 replacer 407:414 a fat replacer 401:414 a fat replacer 401:414 was developed using heat-treated whey protein concentrate (HWPC) as a fat replacer and pectin as a thickening agent. 25808084 3 30 theme heat-treated 353:364 arg1 HWPC 392:395 HWPC 392:395 HWPC 392:395 was developed using heat-treated whey protein concentrate (HWPC) as a fat replacer and pectin as a thickening agent. 25808084 3 30 theme heat-treated 353:364 arg1 agent 443:447 a thickening agent 430:447 a thickening agent 430:447 was developed using heat-treated whey protein concentrate (HWPC) as a fat replacer and pectin as a thickening agent. 25808084 3 30 theme heat-treated 353:364 arg1 concentrate 379:389 heat-treated whey protein concentrate 353:389 heat-treated whey protein concentrate (HWPC) 353:396 was developed using heat-treated whey protein concentrate (HWPC) as a fat replacer and pectin as a thickening agent. 25808084 6 31 from capacity 700:707 arg1 viscosity 756:764 viscosity 756:764 viscosity 756:764 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 6 31 from capacity 700:707 arg1 pH 749:750 pH 749:750 pH 749:750 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 7 32 theme % 996:996 arg1 pectin 998:1003 0.35% pectin 992:1003 0.35% pectin 992:1003 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 6 33 from counts 792:797 arg1 viscosity 756:764 viscosity 756:764 viscosity 756:764 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 6 33 from counts 792:797 arg1 pH 749:750 pH 749:750 pH 749:750 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 7 34 from °C 963:964 arg1 heated 950:955 heated 950:955 heated 950:955 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 6 35 theme water 686:690 arg1 syneresis 710:718 syneresis 710:718 syneresis 710:718 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 6 35 theme water 686:690 arg1 capacity 700:707 water holding capacity 686:707 water holding capacity (syneresis) 686:719 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 0 36 theme probiotic 47:55 arg1 survivability 57:69 probiotic survivability 47:69 probiotic survivability 47:69 Physiochemical properties, microstructure, and probiotic survivability of nonfat goats' milk yogurt using heat-treated whey protein concentrate as fat replacer. 25808084 12 37 theme yogurt 1488:1493 arg1 analysis 1453:1460 Microstructure analysis 1438:1460 Microstructure analysis of the nonfat goats' milk yogurt by scanning electron microscopy 1438:1525 Microstructure analysis of the nonfat goats' milk yogurt by scanning electron microscopy revealed that HWPC interacted with casein micelles to form a relatively compact network in the yogurt gel. 25808084 5 38 with milk 582:585 arg1 pectin 599:604 pectin 599:604 pectin 599:604 Skim cows' milk yogurt with pectin was also made as a control. 25808084 6 39 from °C 848:849 arg1 storage 835:841 storage 835:841 storage at 4 °C for 10 wk 835:859 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 11 40 dep 10 1399:1400 arg1 6 1402:1402 6 1402:1402 6 1402:1402 However, the population of Lactobacillus acidophilus dropped to below 10(6) CFU g(-1) after 2 wk of storage. 25808084 12 41 theme electron 1507:1514 arg1 microscopy 1516:1525 scanning electron microscopy 1498:1525 scanning electron microscopy 1498:1525 Microstructure analysis of the nonfat goats' milk yogurt by scanning electron microscopy revealed that HWPC interacted with casein micelles to form a relatively compact network in the yogurt gel. 25808084 7 42 contain had 1005:1007 arg2 < 1043:1043 P < 0.01 1041:1048 P < 0.01 1041:1048 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 7 42 contain had 1005:1007 arg1 yogurt 909:914 the nonfat goats' milk yogurt 886:914 the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin 886:1003 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 7 42 contain had 1005:1007 arg2 viscosity 1030:1038 significantly higher viscosity 1009:1038 significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt 1009:1122 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 7 43 theme lower 1085:1089 arg1 syneresis 1091:1099 lower syneresis 1085:1099 lower syneresis 1085:1099 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 8 44 theme yogurt 1181:1186 arg1 samples 1188:1194 all the yogurt samples 1173:1194 all the yogurt samples 1173:1194 Viscosity and pH of all the yogurt samples did not change much throughout storage. 25808084 12 45 theme nonfat 1469:1474 arg1 yogurt 1488:1493 the nonfat goats' milk yogurt 1465:1493 the nonfat goats' milk yogurt 1465:1493 Microstructure analysis of the nonfat goats' milk yogurt by scanning electron microscopy revealed that HWPC interacted with casein micelles to form a relatively compact network in the yogurt gel. 25808084 6 46 from mold 767:770 arg1 viscosity 756:764 viscosity 756:764 viscosity 756:764 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 6 46 from mold 767:770 arg1 pH 749:750 pH 749:750 pH 749:750 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 7 47 dep HWPC 931:934 arg1 solution 941:948 WPC solution 937:948 WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5 937:985 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 6 48 theme probiotic 804:812 arg1 survivability 814:826 probiotic survivability 804:826 probiotic survivability 804:826 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 12 49 theme Microstructure 1438:1451 arg1 analysis 1453:1460 Microstructure analysis 1438:1460 Microstructure analysis of the nonfat goats' milk yogurt by scanning electron microscopy 1438:1525 Microstructure analysis of the nonfat goats' milk yogurt by scanning electron microscopy revealed that HWPC interacted with casein micelles to form a relatively compact network in the yogurt gel. 25808084 4 50 theme only 539:542 arg1 pectin 544:549 only pectin 539:549 only pectin 539:549 Yogurts containing untreated whey protein concentrate (WPC) and pectin, and the one with only pectin were also prepared. 25808084 5 51 theme Skim 571:574 arg1 milk 582:585 Skim cows' milk 571:585 Skim cows' milk yogurt with pectin 571:604 Skim cows' milk yogurt with pectin was also made as a control. 25808084 5 51 theme Skim 571:574 arg1 control 625:631 a control 623:631 a control 623:631 Skim cows' milk yogurt with pectin was also made as a control. 25808084 2 52 theme yogurt 250:255 arg1 probiotics 268:277 milk yogurt containing probiotics 245:277 milk yogurt containing probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium spp.) 245:331 A nonfat goats' milk yogurt containing probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium spp.) 25808084 6 53 theme coliform 783:790 arg1 counts 792:797 coliform counts 783:797 coliform counts 783:797 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 10 54 theme 10-wk 1314:1318 arg1 storage 1320:1326 the 10-wk storage 1310:1326 the 10-wk storage 1310:1326 remained stable and was above 10(6) CFU g(-1) during the 10-wk storage. 25808084 7 55 theme WPC 937:939 arg1 solution 941:948 WPC solution 937:948 WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5 937:985 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 1 56 theme market 172:177 arg1 demand 179:184 a market demand 170:184 a market demand for nonfat fermented goats' milk products 170:226 There is a market demand for nonfat fermented goats' milk products. 25808084 6 57 from yeast 773:777 arg1 viscosity 756:764 viscosity 756:764 viscosity 756:764 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 6 57 from yeast 773:777 arg1 pH 749:750 pH 749:750 pH 749:750 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 6 58 from composition 673:683 arg1 viscosity 756:764 viscosity 756:764 viscosity 756:764 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 6 58 from composition 673:683 arg1 pH 749:750 pH 749:750 pH 749:750 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 7 59 theme 1.2 926:928 arg1 % 929:929 % 929:929 % 929:929 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 13 60 theme other 1761:1765 arg1 products 1775:1782 other similar products 1761:1782 other similar products 1761:1782 The results indicated that HWPC could be used as a fat replacer for improving the consistency of nonfat goats' milk yogurt and other similar products. 25808084 1 61 theme fermented 197:205 arg1 products 219:226 nonfat fermented goats' milk products 190:226 nonfat fermented goats' milk products 190:226 There is a market demand for nonfat fermented goats' milk products. 25808084 7 62 theme milk 904:907 arg1 yogurt 909:914 the nonfat goats' milk yogurt 886:914 the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin 886:1003 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 7 63 theme nonfat 890:895 arg1 yogurt 909:914 the nonfat goats' milk yogurt 886:914 the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin 886:1003 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 7 64 theme P 1041:1041 arg1 viscosity 1030:1038 significantly higher viscosity 1009:1038 significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt 1009:1122 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 7 64 theme P 1041:1041 arg1 < 1043:1043 P < 0.01 1041:1048 P < 0.01 1041:1048 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 2 65 theme nonfat 231:236 arg1 goats 238:242 A nonfat goats 229:242 A nonfat goats 229:242 A nonfat goats' milk yogurt containing probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium spp.) 25808084 4 66 theme whey 479:482 arg1 protein 484:490 untreated whey protein concentrate 469:502 untreated whey protein concentrate (WPC) 469:508 Yogurts containing untreated whey protein concentrate (WPC) and pectin, and the one with only pectin were also prepared. 25808084 4 66 theme whey 479:482 arg1 WPC 505:507 WPC 505:507 WPC 505:507 Yogurts containing untreated whey protein concentrate (WPC) and pectin, and the one with only pectin were also prepared. 25808084 7 67 theme only 1129:1132 arg1 pectin 1134:1139 only pectin 1129:1139 only pectin (P < 0.01) 1129:1150 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 7 67 theme only 1129:1132 arg1 < 1144:1144 P < 0.01 1142:1149 P < 0.01 1142:1149 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 7 68 theme higher 1023:1028 arg1 viscosity 1030:1038 significantly higher viscosity 1009:1038 significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt 1009:1122 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 7 68 theme higher 1023:1028 arg1 < 1043:1043 P < 0.01 1041:1048 P < 0.01 1041:1048 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 7 69 from pH 980:981 arg1 min 973:975 30 min 970:975 30 min at pH 8.5 970:985 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 0 70 theme yogurt 93:98 arg1 microstructure 27:40 microstructure 27:40 microstructure 27:40 Physiochemical properties, microstructure, and probiotic survivability of nonfat goats' milk yogurt using heat-treated whey protein concentrate as fat replacer. 25808084 0 70 theme yogurt 93:98 arg1 properties 15:24 Physiochemical properties 0:24 Physiochemical properties 0:24 Physiochemical properties, microstructure, and probiotic survivability of nonfat goats' milk yogurt using heat-treated whey protein concentrate as fat replacer. 25808084 0 70 theme yogurt 93:98 arg1 survivability 57:69 probiotic survivability 47:69 probiotic survivability 47:69 Physiochemical properties, microstructure, and probiotic survivability of nonfat goats' milk yogurt using heat-treated whey protein concentrate as fat replacer. 25808084 13 71 theme nonfat 1731:1736 arg1 goats 1738:1742 nonfat goats 1731:1742 nonfat goats' milk yogurt and other similar products 1731:1782 The results indicated that HWPC could be used as a fat replacer for improving the consistency of nonfat goats' milk yogurt and other similar products. 25808084 12 72 theme compact 1599:1605 arg1 network 1607:1613 a relatively compact network 1586:1613 a relatively compact network 1586:1613 Microstructure analysis of the nonfat goats' milk yogurt by scanning electron microscopy revealed that HWPC interacted with casein micelles to form a relatively compact network in the yogurt gel. 25808084 11 73 theme storage 1429:1435 arg1 wk 1423:1424 2 wk 1421:1424 2 wk of storage 1421:1435 However, the population of Lactobacillus acidophilus dropped to below 10(6) CFU g(-1) after 2 wk of storage. 25808084 0 74 theme heat-treated 106:117 arg1 protein 124:130 heat-treated whey protein 106:130 heat-treated whey protein 106:130 Physiochemical properties, microstructure, and probiotic survivability of nonfat goats' milk yogurt using heat-treated whey protein concentrate as fat replacer. 25808084 12 75 theme casein 1562:1567 arg1 micelles 1569:1576 casein micelles 1562:1576 casein micelles 1562:1576 Microstructure analysis of the nonfat goats' milk yogurt by scanning electron microscopy revealed that HWPC interacted with casein micelles to form a relatively compact network in the yogurt gel. 25808084 6 76 from microstructure 722:735 arg1 viscosity 756:764 viscosity 756:764 viscosity 756:764 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 6 76 from microstructure 722:735 arg1 pH 749:750 pH 749:750 pH 749:750 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 7 77 theme 0.35 992:995 arg1 % 996:996 % 996:996 % 996:996 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 6 78 from changes 738:744 arg1 viscosity 756:764 viscosity 756:764 viscosity 756:764 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 6 78 from changes 738:744 arg1 pH 749:750 pH 749:750 pH 749:750 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 3 79 theme fat 403:405 arg1 replacer 407:414 a fat replacer 401:414 a fat replacer 401:414 was developed using heat-treated whey protein concentrate (HWPC) as a fat replacer and pectin as a thickening agent. 25808084 3 79 theme fat 403:405 arg1 concentrate 379:389 heat-treated whey protein concentrate 353:389 heat-treated whey protein concentrate (HWPC) 353:396 was developed using heat-treated whey protein concentrate (HWPC) as a fat replacer and pectin as a thickening agent. 25808084 3 80 theme whey 366:369 arg1 replacer 407:414 a fat replacer 401:414 a fat replacer 401:414 was developed using heat-treated whey protein concentrate (HWPC) as a fat replacer and pectin as a thickening agent. 25808084 3 80 theme whey 366:369 arg1 HWPC 392:395 HWPC 392:395 HWPC 392:395 was developed using heat-treated whey protein concentrate (HWPC) as a fat replacer and pectin as a thickening agent. 25808084 3 80 theme whey 366:369 arg1 agent 443:447 a thickening agent 430:447 a thickening agent 430:447 was developed using heat-treated whey protein concentrate (HWPC) as a fat replacer and pectin as a thickening agent. 25808084 3 80 theme whey 366:369 arg1 concentrate 379:389 heat-treated whey protein concentrate 353:389 heat-treated whey protein concentrate (HWPC) 353:396 was developed using heat-treated whey protein concentrate (HWPC) as a fat replacer and pectin as a thickening agent. 25808084 3 81 theme thickening 432:441 arg1 agent 443:447 a thickening agent 430:447 a thickening agent 430:447 was developed using heat-treated whey protein concentrate (HWPC) as a fat replacer and pectin as a thickening agent. 25808084 3 81 theme thickening 432:441 arg1 concentrate 379:389 heat-treated whey protein concentrate 353:389 heat-treated whey protein concentrate (HWPC) 353:396 was developed using heat-treated whey protein concentrate (HWPC) as a fat replacer and pectin as a thickening agent. 25808084 6 82 theme holding 692:698 arg1 syneresis 710:718 syneresis 710:718 syneresis 710:718 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 6 82 theme holding 692:698 arg1 capacity 700:707 water holding capacity 686:707 water holding capacity (syneresis) 686:719 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 4 83 dep protein 484:490 arg1 concentrate 492:502 concentrate 492:502 concentrate 492:502 Yogurts containing untreated whey protein concentrate (WPC) and pectin, and the one with only pectin were also prepared. 25808084 12 84 theme scanning 1498:1505 arg1 microscopy 1516:1525 scanning electron microscopy 1498:1525 scanning electron microscopy 1498:1525 Microstructure analysis of the nonfat goats' milk yogurt by scanning electron microscopy revealed that HWPC interacted with casein micelles to form a relatively compact network in the yogurt gel. 25808084 12 85 theme goats 1476:1480 arg1 yogurt 1488:1493 the nonfat goats' milk yogurt 1465:1493 the nonfat goats' milk yogurt 1465:1493 Microstructure analysis of the nonfat goats' milk yogurt by scanning electron microscopy revealed that HWPC interacted with casein micelles to form a relatively compact network in the yogurt gel. 25808084 7 86 theme other 1067:1071 arg1 yogurts 1073:1079 the other yogurts 1063:1079 the other yogurts 1063:1079 The results showed that the nonfat goats' milk yogurt made with 1.2% HWPC (WPC solution heated at 85 °C for 30 min at pH 8.5) and 0.35% pectin had significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.01) than any of the other yogurts and lower syneresis than the goats' yogurt with only pectin (P < 0.01). 25808084 4 87 with protein 484:490 arg1 pectin 544:549 only pectin 539:549 only pectin 539:549 Yogurts containing untreated whey protein concentrate (WPC) and pectin, and the one with only pectin were also prepared. 25808084 12 88 theme milk 1483:1486 arg1 yogurt 1488:1493 the nonfat goats' milk yogurt 1465:1493 the nonfat goats' milk yogurt 1465:1493 Microstructure analysis of the nonfat goats' milk yogurt by scanning electron microscopy revealed that HWPC interacted with casein micelles to form a relatively compact network in the yogurt gel. 25808084 11 89 theme CFU 1405:1407 arg1 g 1409:1409 below 10(6) CFU g(-1) 1393:1413 below 10(6) CFU g(-1) 1393:1413 However, the population of Lactobacillus acidophilus dropped to below 10(6) CFU g(-1) after 2 wk of storage. 25808084 6 90 theme chemical 664:671 arg1 composition 673:683 chemical composition 664:683 chemical composition 664:683 The yogurts were analyzed for chemical composition, water holding capacity (syneresis), microstructure, changes in pH and viscosity, mold, yeast and coliform counts, and probiotic survivability during storage at 4 °C for 10 wk. 25808084 1 91 theme milk 214:217 arg1 products 219:226 nonfat fermented goats' milk products 190:226 nonfat fermented goats' milk products 190:226 There is a market demand for nonfat fermented goats' milk products. 25313091 3 0 theme peritrichous 269:280 arg1 flagella 282:289 peritrichous flagella 269:289 peritrichous flagella 269:289 The isolate was rod-shaped and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 25313091 6 1 theme mol 536:538 arg1 content 519:525 The genomic DNA G+C content 499:525 The genomic DNA G+C content 499:525 The genomic DNA G+C content was 50.5 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25313091 6 1 theme mol 536:538 arg1 % 539:539 50.5 mol% 531:539 50.5 mol% 531:539 The genomic DNA G+C content was 50.5 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25313091 5 2 dep phosphatidylglycerol 425:444 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 473:496 phosphatidylethanolamine 473:496 phosphatidylethanolamine 473:496 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol phosphatidylethanolamine. 25313091 7 3 theme pocheonensis 847:858 arg1 % 879:879 97.4% 875:879 97.4% 875:879 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 3 theme pocheonensis 847:858 arg1 Gsoil 860:864 Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138 833:869 Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) 833:880 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 3 theme pocheonensis 847:858 arg1 T 871:871 T 871:871 T 871:871 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 12 4 theme AB 1349:1350 arg1 2013369 1352:1358  =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369 1326:1358  =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T) 1326:1361 The type strain is CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)). 25313091 12 4 theme AB 1349:1350 arg1 CY1 1318:1320 CY1 1318:1320 CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)) 1318:1362 The type strain is CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)). 25313091 12 4 theme AB 1349:1350 arg1 T 1360:1360 T 1360:1360 T 1360:1360 The type strain is CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)). 25313091 7 5 theme Phylogenetic 636:647 arg1 analyses 649:656 Phylogenetic analyses 636:656 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 636:692 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 6 theme Paenibacillus 886:898 arg1 T 925:925 T 925:925 T 925:925 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 6 theme Paenibacillus 886:898 arg1 016 921:923 Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016 886:923 Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%) 886:934 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 6 theme Paenibacillus 886:898 arg1 % 933:933 97.0% 929:933 97.0% 929:933 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 12 7 theme T 1339:1339 arg1 2013369 1352:1358  =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369 1326:1358  =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T) 1326:1361 The type strain is CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)). 25313091 12 7 theme T 1339:1339 arg1 CY1 1318:1320 CY1 1318:1320 CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)) 1318:1362 The type strain is CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)). 25313091 12 7 theme T 1339:1339 arg1 T 1360:1360 T 1360:1360 T 1360:1360 The type strain is CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)). 25313091 6 8 theme meso-diaminopimelic 610:628 arg1 acid 630:633 meso-diaminopimelic acid 610:633 meso-diaminopimelic acid 610:633 The genomic DNA G+C content was 50.5 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25313091 6 8 theme meso-diaminopimelic 610:628 arg1 acid 574:577 the major diagnostic diamino acid 545:577 the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan 545:604 The genomic DNA G+C content was 50.5 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25313091 10 9 theme novel 1225:1229 arg1 species 1231:1237 A novel species 1223:1237 A novel species with the name Paenibacillus ferrarius sp. 1223:1279 A novel species with the name Paenibacillus ferrarius sp. 25313091 8 10 theme hybridization 945:957 arg1 values 972:977 DNA-DNA hybridization dissociation values 937:977 DNA-DNA hybridization dissociation values 937:977 DNA-DNA hybridization dissociation values were lower than 49% with the most closely related species. 25313091 7 11 theme frigoriresistens 900:915 arg1 T 925:925 T 925:925 T 925:925 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 11 theme frigoriresistens 900:915 arg1 016 921:923 Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016 886:923 Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%) 886:934 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 11 theme frigoriresistens 900:915 arg1 % 933:933 97.0% 929:933 97.0% 929:933 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 1 12 theme iron 48:51 arg1 soil 61:64 iron mineral soil 48:64 iron mineral soil 48:64 nov., isolated from iron mineral soil. 25313091 7 13 theme gene 680:683 arg1 sequence 685:692 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 667:692 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 667:692 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 8 14 theme DNA-DNA 937:943 arg1 values 972:977 DNA-DNA hybridization dissociation values 937:977 DNA-DNA hybridization dissociation values 937:977 DNA-DNA hybridization dissociation values were lower than 49% with the most closely related species. 25313091 4 15 theme quinone 370:376 arg1 menaquinone 382:392 the major quinone was menaquinone 7 360:394 the major quinone was menaquinone 7 360:394 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. 25313091 1 16 theme mineral 53:59 arg1 soil 61:64 iron mineral soil 48:64 iron mineral soil 48:64 nov., isolated from iron mineral soil. 25313091 7 17 theme sequence 811:818 arg1 5051 782:785 Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051 750:785 Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 750:830 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 17 theme sequence 811:818 arg1 similarity 820:829 97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 791:829 97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 791:829 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 6 18 theme G+C 515:517 arg1 content 519:525 The genomic DNA G+C content 499:525 The genomic DNA G+C content 499:525 The genomic DNA G+C content was 50.5 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25313091 6 18 theme G+C 515:517 arg1 % 539:539 50.5 mol% 531:539 50.5 mol% 531:539 The genomic DNA G+C content was 50.5 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25313091 4 19 theme major 364:368 arg1 menaquinone 382:392 the major quinone was menaquinone 7 360:394 the major quinone was menaquinone 7 360:394 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. 25313091 9 20 theme chemotaxonomic 1066:1079 arg1 evidence 1098:1105 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence 1054:1105 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence 1054:1105 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain CY1(T) is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, but could be distinguished from the species of this genus. 25313091 6 21 theme DNA 511:513 arg1 content 519:525 The genomic DNA G+C content 499:525 The genomic DNA G+C content 499:525 The genomic DNA G+C content was 50.5 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25313091 6 21 theme DNA 511:513 arg1 % 539:539 50.5 mol% 531:539 50.5 mol% 531:539 The genomic DNA G+C content was 50.5 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25313091 2 22 theme strain 142:147 arg1 T 153:153 T 153:153 T 153:153 A Gram-reaction-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain CY1(T), was isolated from iron mineral soil of Hunan Province, China. 25313091 2 22 theme strain 142:147 arg1 CY1 149:151 strain CY1 142:151 strain CY1(T) 142:154 A Gram-reaction-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain CY1(T), was isolated from iron mineral soil of Hunan Province, China. 25313091 8 23 theme dissociation 959:970 arg1 values 972:977 DNA-DNA hybridization dissociation values 937:977 DNA-DNA hybridization dissociation values 937:977 DNA-DNA hybridization dissociation values were lower than 49% with the most closely related species. 25313091 6 24 theme cell-wall 582:590 arg1 peptidoglycan 592:604 cell-wall peptidoglycan 582:604 cell-wall peptidoglycan 582:604 The genomic DNA G+C content was 50.5 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25313091 7 25 theme rRNA 801:804 arg1 5051 782:785 Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051 750:785 Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 750:830 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 25 theme rRNA 801:804 arg1 similarity 820:829 97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 791:829 97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 791:829 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 0 26 theme ferrarius 14:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Paenibacillus ferrarius sp 0:25 Paenibacillus ferrarius sp. 0:26 Paenibacillus ferrarius sp. 25313091 9 27 theme strain 1108:1113 arg1 T 1119:1119 T 1119:1119 T 1119:1119 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain CY1(T) is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, but could be distinguished from the species of this genus. 25313091 9 27 theme strain 1108:1113 arg1 CY1 1115:1117 strain CY1 1108:1117 strain CY1(T) 1108:1120 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain CY1(T) is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, but could be distinguished from the species of this genus. 25313091 7 28 theme gene 806:809 arg1 5051 782:785 Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051 750:785 Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 750:830 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 28 theme gene 806:809 arg1 similarity 820:829 97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 791:829 97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 791:829 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 2 29 attach isolated 161:168 arg1 soil 188:191 iron mineral soil 175:191 iron mineral soil of Hunan Province, China 175:216 A Gram-reaction-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain CY1(T), was isolated from iron mineral soil of Hunan Province, China. 25313091 2 29 attach isolated 161:168 arg2 bacterium 120:128 A Gram-reaction-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 67:128 A Gram-reaction-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 67:128 A Gram-reaction-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain CY1(T), was isolated from iron mineral soil of Hunan Province, China. 25313091 0 30 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 24:25 Paenibacillus ferrarius sp 0:25 Paenibacillus ferrarius sp. 0:26 Paenibacillus ferrarius sp. 25313091 9 31 theme Paenibacillus 1149:1161 arg1 genus 1143:1147 the genus Paenibacillus 1139:1161 the genus Paenibacillus 1139:1161 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain CY1(T) is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, but could be distinguished from the species of this genus. 25313091 7 32 theme rRNA 675:678 arg1 sequence 685:692 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 667:692 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 667:692 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 33 theme % 795:795 arg1 5051 782:785 Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051 750:785 Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 750:830 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 33 theme % 795:795 arg1 similarity 820:829 97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 791:829 97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 791:829 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 34 theme strain 709:714 arg1 T 720:720 T 720:720 T 720:720 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 34 theme strain 709:714 arg1 CY1 716:718 strain CY1 709:718 strain CY1(T) 709:721 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 6 35 theme genomic 503:509 arg1 content 519:525 The genomic DNA G+C content 499:525 The genomic DNA G+C content 499:525 The genomic DNA G+C content was 50.5 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25313091 6 35 theme genomic 503:509 arg1 % 539:539 50.5 mol% 531:539 50.5 mol% 531:539 The genomic DNA G+C content was 50.5 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25313091 7 36 theme 16S 797:799 arg1 5051 782:785 Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051 750:785 Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 750:830 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 36 theme 16S 797:799 arg1 similarity 820:829 97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 791:829 97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 791:829 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 9 37 theme genus 1216:1220 arg1 species 1200:1206 the species 1196:1206 the species of this genus 1196:1220 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain CY1(T) is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, but could be distinguished from the species of this genus. 25313091 10 38 theme ferrarius 1267:1275 arg1 sp 1277:1278 the name Paenibacillus ferrarius sp 1244:1278 the name Paenibacillus ferrarius sp 1244:1278 A novel species with the name Paenibacillus ferrarius sp. 25313091 6 39 theme diamino 566:572 arg1 acid 630:633 meso-diaminopimelic acid 610:633 meso-diaminopimelic acid 610:633 The genomic DNA G+C content was 50.5 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25313091 6 39 theme diamino 566:572 arg1 acid 574:577 the major diagnostic diamino acid 545:577 the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan 545:604 The genomic DNA G+C content was 50.5 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25313091 6 40 from acid 574:577 arg1 peptidoglycan 592:604 cell-wall peptidoglycan 582:604 cell-wall peptidoglycan 582:604 The genomic DNA G+C content was 50.5 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25313091 6 41 theme diagnostic 555:564 arg1 acid 630:633 meso-diaminopimelic acid 610:633 meso-diaminopimelic acid 610:633 The genomic DNA G+C content was 50.5 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25313091 6 41 theme diagnostic 555:564 arg1 acid 574:577 the major diagnostic diamino acid 545:577 the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan 545:604 The genomic DNA G+C content was 50.5 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25313091 7 42 theme chondroitinus 764:776 arg1 T 787:787 T 787:787 T 787:787 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 42 theme chondroitinus 764:776 arg1 5051 782:785 Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051 750:785 Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 750:830 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 42 theme chondroitinus 764:776 arg1 similarity 820:829 97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 791:829 97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 791:829 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 12 43 theme  =CCTCC 1341:1347 arg1 2013369 1352:1358  =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369 1326:1358  =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T) 1326:1361 The type strain is CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)). 25313091 12 43 theme  =CCTCC 1341:1347 arg1 CY1 1318:1320 CY1 1318:1320 CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)) 1318:1362 The type strain is CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)). 25313091 12 43 theme  =CCTCC 1341:1347 arg1 T 1360:1360 T 1360:1360 T 1360:1360 The type strain is CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)). 25313091 4 44 theme cellular 302:309 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 328:340 anteiso-C15:0 328:340 anteiso-C15:0 328:340 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. 25313091 4 44 theme cellular 302:309 arg1 acids 317:321 The major cellular fatty acids 292:321 The major cellular fatty acids 292:321 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. 25313091 12 45 theme type 1303:1306 arg1 CY1 1318:1320 CY1 1318:1320 CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)) 1318:1362 The type strain is CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)). 25313091 12 45 theme type 1303:1306 arg1 strain 1308:1313 The type strain 1299:1313 The type strain 1299:1313 The type strain is CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)). 25313091 6 46 theme major 549:553 arg1 acid 630:633 meso-diaminopimelic acid 610:633 meso-diaminopimelic acid 610:633 The genomic DNA G+C content was 50.5 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25313091 6 46 theme major 549:553 arg1 acid 574:577 the major diagnostic diamino acid 545:577 the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan 545:604 The genomic DNA G+C content was 50.5 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25313091 7 47 theme DSM 778:780 arg1 T 787:787 T 787:787 T 787:787 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 47 theme DSM 778:780 arg1 5051 782:785 Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051 750:785 Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 750:830 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 47 theme DSM 778:780 arg1 similarity 820:829 97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 791:829 97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 791:829 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 9 48 theme phylogenetic 1085:1096 arg1 evidence 1098:1105 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence 1054:1105 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence 1054:1105 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain CY1(T) is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, but could be distinguished from the species of this genus. 25313091 10 49 theme Paenibacillus 1253:1265 arg1 sp 1277:1278 the name Paenibacillus ferrarius sp 1244:1278 the name Paenibacillus ferrarius sp 1244:1278 A novel species with the name Paenibacillus ferrarius sp. 25313091 4 50 theme major 296:300 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 328:340 anteiso-C15:0 328:340 anteiso-C15:0 328:340 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. 25313091 4 50 theme major 296:300 arg1 acids 317:321 The major cellular fatty acids 292:321 The major cellular fatty acids 292:321 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. 25313091 10 51 with species 1231:1237 arg1 sp 1277:1278 the name Paenibacillus ferrarius sp 1244:1278 the name Paenibacillus ferrarius sp 1244:1278 A novel species with the name Paenibacillus ferrarius sp. 25313091 2 52 theme Gram-reaction-positive 69:90 arg1 bacterium 120:128 A Gram-reaction-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 67:128 A Gram-reaction-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 67:128 A Gram-reaction-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain CY1(T), was isolated from iron mineral soil of Hunan Province, China. 25313091 2 53 theme mineral 180:186 arg1 soil 188:191 iron mineral soil 175:191 iron mineral soil of Hunan Province, China 175:216 A Gram-reaction-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain CY1(T), was isolated from iron mineral soil of Hunan Province, China. 25313091 4 54 theme was 378:380 arg1 menaquinone 382:392 the major quinone was menaquinone 7 360:394 the major quinone was menaquinone 7 360:394 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. 25313091 9 55 dep evidence 1098:1105 arg1 the 1041:1043 the 1041:1043 the 1041:1043 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain CY1(T) is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, but could be distinguished from the species of this genus. 25313091 9 55 dep evidence 1098:1105 arg1 basis 1045:1049 basis 1045:1049 basis 1045:1049 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain CY1(T) is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, but could be distinguished from the species of this genus. 25313091 7 56 theme Paenibacillus 750:762 arg1 T 787:787 T 787:787 T 787:787 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 56 theme Paenibacillus 750:762 arg1 5051 782:785 Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051 750:785 Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 750:830 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 56 theme Paenibacillus 750:762 arg1 similarity 820:829 97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 791:829 97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 791:829 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 8 57 theme related 1021:1027 arg1 species 1029:1035 the most closely related species 1004:1035 the most closely related species 1004:1035 DNA-DNA hybridization dissociation values were lower than 49% with the most closely related species. 25313091 2 58 theme iron 175:178 arg1 soil 188:191 iron mineral soil 175:191 iron mineral soil of Hunan Province, China 175:216 A Gram-reaction-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain CY1(T), was isolated from iron mineral soil of Hunan Province, China. 25313091 4 59 theme fatty 311:315 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 328:340 anteiso-C15:0 328:340 anteiso-C15:0 328:340 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. 25313091 4 59 theme fatty 311:315 arg1 acids 317:321 The major cellular fatty acids 292:321 The major cellular fatty acids 292:321 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. 25313091 5 60 theme major 401:405 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 425:444 phosphatidylglycerol 425:444 phosphatidylglycerol 425:444 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol phosphatidylethanolamine. 25313091 5 60 theme major 401:405 arg1 lipids 413:418 The major polar lipids 397:418 The major polar lipids 397:418 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol phosphatidylethanolamine. 25313091 12 61 theme  =KCTC 1326:1331 arg1 2013369 1352:1358  =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369 1326:1358  =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T) 1326:1361 The type strain is CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)). 25313091 12 61 theme  =KCTC 1326:1331 arg1 CY1 1318:1320 CY1 1318:1320 CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)) 1318:1362 The type strain is CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)). 25313091 12 61 theme  =KCTC 1326:1331 arg1 T 1360:1360 T 1360:1360 T 1360:1360 The type strain is CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)). 25313091 9 62 theme phenotypic 1054:1063 arg1 evidence 1098:1105 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence 1054:1105 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence 1054:1105 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain CY1(T) is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, but could be distinguished from the species of this genus. 25313091 5 63 theme polar 407:411 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 425:444 phosphatidylglycerol 425:444 phosphatidylglycerol 425:444 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol phosphatidylethanolamine. 25313091 5 63 theme polar 407:411 arg1 lipids 413:418 The major polar lipids 397:418 The major polar lipids 397:418 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol phosphatidylethanolamine. 25313091 12 64 theme 33419 1333:1337 arg1 2013369 1352:1358  =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369 1326:1358  =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T) 1326:1361 The type strain is CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)). 25313091 12 64 theme 33419 1333:1337 arg1 CY1 1318:1320 CY1 1318:1320 CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)) 1318:1362 The type strain is CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)). 25313091 12 64 theme 33419 1333:1337 arg1 T 1360:1360 T 1360:1360 T 1360:1360 The type strain is CY1(T) ( =KCTC 33419(T) =CCTCC AB 2013369(T)). 25313091 7 65 theme 16S 671:673 arg1 sequence 685:692 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 667:692 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 667:692 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 2 66 theme China 212:216 arg1 soil 188:191 iron mineral soil 175:191 iron mineral soil of Hunan Province, China 175:216 A Gram-reaction-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain CY1(T), was isolated from iron mineral soil of Hunan Province, China. 25313091 10 67 theme name 1248:1251 arg1 sp 1277:1278 the name Paenibacillus ferrarius sp 1244:1278 the name Paenibacillus ferrarius sp 1244:1278 A novel species with the name Paenibacillus ferrarius sp. 25313091 8 68 with % 997:997 arg1 species 1029:1035 the most closely related species 1004:1035 the most closely related species 1004:1035 DNA-DNA hybridization dissociation values were lower than 49% with the most closely related species. 25313091 2 69 dep Gram-reaction-positive 69:90 arg1 aerobic 112:118 aerobic 112:118 aerobic 112:118 A Gram-reaction-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain CY1(T), was isolated from iron mineral soil of Hunan Province, China. 25313091 2 69 dep Gram-reaction-positive 69:90 arg1 endospore-forming 93:109 endospore-forming 93:109 endospore-forming 93:109 A Gram-reaction-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain CY1(T), was isolated from iron mineral soil of Hunan Province, China. 25313091 7 70 theme YIM 917:919 arg1 T 925:925 T 925:925 T 925:925 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 70 theme YIM 917:919 arg1 016 921:923 Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016 886:923 Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%) 886:934 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 70 theme YIM 917:919 arg1 % 933:933 97.0% 929:933 97.0% 929:933 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 71 theme Paenibacillus 833:845 arg1 % 879:879 97.4% 875:879 97.4% 875:879 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 71 theme Paenibacillus 833:845 arg1 Gsoil 860:864 Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138 833:869 Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) 833:880 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 25313091 7 71 theme Paenibacillus 833:845 arg1 T 871:871 T 871:871 T 871:871 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CY1(T) is most closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138(T) (97.4%) and Paenibacillus frigoriresistens YIM 016(T) (97.0%). 24814337 6 0 from acid 515:518 arg1 peptidoglycan 539:551 their cell wall peptidoglycan 523:551 their cell wall peptidoglycan 523:551 They contained LL-diaminopimelic acid in their cell wall peptidoglycan; the whole-cell sugars were ribose and glucose. 24814337 15 1 theme  = PCU 1664:1669 arg1 T 1675:1675 T 1675:1675 T 1675:1675 nov. (type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T)) is proposed. 24814337 15 1 theme  = PCU 1664:1669 arg1 330 1671:1673 type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330 1613:1673 type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T) 1613:1676 nov. (type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T)) is proposed. 24814337 10 2 theme xinghaiensis 1038:1049 arg1 T 1061:1061 T 1061:1061 T 1061:1061 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. 24814337 10 2 theme xinghaiensis 1038:1049 arg1 16958 1055:1059 Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958 1025:1059 Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%) 1025:1070 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. 24814337 10 2 theme xinghaiensis 1038:1049 arg1 subsp 1094:1098 Streptomyces rimosus subsp 1073:1098 Streptomyces rimosus subsp 1073:1098 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. 24814337 10 2 theme xinghaiensis 1038:1049 arg1 % 1069:1069 98.2% 1065:1069 98.2% 1065:1069 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. 24814337 12 3 theme mol 1316:1318 arg1 % 1319:1319 73.3 and 74.2 mol% 1302:1319 % 1319:1319 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 were 73.3 and 74.2 mol%, respectively. 24814337 12 3 theme mol 1316:1318 arg1 contents 1238:1245 The G+C contents 1230:1245 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 1230:1295 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 were 73.3 and 74.2 mol%, respectively. 24814337 10 4 theme rRNA 930:933 arg1 similarity 949:958 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 926:958 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies 926:966 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. 24814337 10 5 dep Streptomyces 1073:1084 arg1 rimosus 1086:1092 rimosus 1086:1092 rimosus 1086:1092 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. 24814337 14 6 theme chumphonensis 1589:1601 arg1 sp 1603:1604 the name Streptomyces chumphonensis sp 1567:1604 the name Streptomyces chumphonensis sp 1567:1604 On the basis of these results, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces chumphonensis sp. 24814337 5 7 theme strains 422:428 arg1 classification 400:413 the classification 396:413 the classification of the strains as representing a member of the genus Streptomyces 396:479 The morphological, cultural and chemotaxonomic characteristics of these isolates were consistent with the classification of the strains as representing a member of the genus Streptomyces. 24814337 10 8 dep studies 960:966 arg1 the 913:915 the 913:915 the 913:915 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. 24814337 10 8 dep studies 960:966 arg1 basis 917:921 basis 917:921 basis 917:921 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. 24814337 6 9 theme wall 534:537 arg1 peptidoglycan 539:551 their cell wall peptidoglycan 523:551 their cell wall peptidoglycan 523:551 They contained LL-diaminopimelic acid in their cell wall peptidoglycan; the whole-cell sugars were ribose and glucose. 24814337 10 10 theme sequence 940:947 arg1 similarity 949:958 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 926:958 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies 926:966 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. 24814337 11 11 theme JCM 1162:1164 arg1 T 1171:1171 T 1171:1171 T 1171:1171 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%). 24814337 11 11 theme JCM 1162:1164 arg1 4828 1166:1169 Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828 1136:1169 Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) 1136:1180 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%). 24814337 11 11 theme JCM 1162:1164 arg1 % 1179:1179 98.1% 1175:1179 98.1% 1175:1179 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%). 24814337 1 12 theme marine 51:56 arg1 sediments 58:66 marine sediments 51:66 marine sediments 51:66 nov., isolated from marine sediments. 24814337 14 13 theme name 1571:1574 arg1 sp 1603:1604 the name Streptomyces chumphonensis sp 1567:1604 the name Streptomyces chumphonensis sp 1567:1604 On the basis of these results, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces chumphonensis sp. 24814337 5 14 theme isolates 366:373 arg1 consistent 380:389 consistent 380:389 consistent 380:389 The morphological, cultural and chemotaxonomic characteristics of these isolates were consistent with the classification of the strains as representing a member of the genus Streptomyces. 24814337 5 14 theme isolates 366:373 arg1 characteristics 341:355 The morphological, cultural and chemotaxonomic characteristics 294:355 The morphological, cultural and chemotaxonomic characteristics of these isolates 294:373 The morphological, cultural and chemotaxonomic characteristics of these isolates were consistent with the classification of the strains as representing a member of the genus Streptomyces. 24814337 6 15 theme cell 529:532 arg1 peptidoglycan 539:551 their cell wall peptidoglycan 523:551 their cell wall peptidoglycan 523:551 They contained LL-diaminopimelic acid in their cell wall peptidoglycan; the whole-cell sugars were ribose and glucose. 24814337 8 16 theme major 662:666 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 686:709 phosphatidylethanolamine 686:709 phosphatidylethanolamine 686:709 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 24814337 8 16 theme major 662:666 arg1 lipids 674:679 The major polar lipids 658:679 The major polar lipids 658:679 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 24814337 11 17 theme paromomycinus 1101:1113 arg1 4541 1119:1122 paromomycinus JCM 4541 1101:1122 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%) 1101:1133 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%). 24814337 11 17 theme paromomycinus 1101:1113 arg1 % 1132:1132 98.1% 1128:1132 98.1% 1128:1132 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%). 24814337 11 17 theme paromomycinus 1101:1113 arg1 T 1124:1124 T 1124:1124 T 1124:1124 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%). 24814337 7 18 theme predominant 605:615 arg1 MK9- 635:638 MK9- 635:638 MK9- 635:638 The predominant menaquinones were MK9-(H6) and MK9-(H8). 24814337 7 18 theme predominant 605:615 arg1 menaquinones 617:628 The predominant menaquinones 601:628 The predominant menaquinones 601:628 The predominant menaquinones were MK9-(H6) and MK9-(H8). 24814337 11 19 dep Streptomyces 1136:1147 arg1 sclerotialus 1149:1160 sclerotialus 1149:1160 sclerotialus 1149:1160 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%). 24814337 12 20 theme G+C 1234:1236 arg1 % 1319:1319 73.3 and 74.2 mol% 1302:1319 % 1319:1319 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 were 73.3 and 74.2 mol%, respectively. 24814337 12 20 theme G+C 1234:1236 arg1 contents 1238:1245 The G+C contents 1230:1245 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 1230:1295 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 were 73.3 and 74.2 mol%, respectively. 24814337 10 21 theme JCM 1051:1053 arg1 T 1061:1061 T 1061:1061 T 1061:1061 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. 24814337 10 21 theme JCM 1051:1053 arg1 16958 1055:1059 Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958 1025:1059 Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%) 1025:1070 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. 24814337 10 21 theme JCM 1051:1053 arg1 subsp 1094:1098 Streptomyces rimosus subsp 1073:1098 Streptomyces rimosus subsp 1073:1098 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. 24814337 10 21 theme JCM 1051:1053 arg1 % 1069:1069 98.2% 1065:1069 98.2% 1065:1069 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. 24814337 11 22 theme flocculus 1199:1207 arg1 4476 1213:1216 Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476 1186:1216 Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%) 1186:1227 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%). 24814337 11 22 theme flocculus 1199:1207 arg1 % 1226:1226 98.0% 1222:1226 98.0% 1222:1226 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%). 24814337 11 22 theme flocculus 1199:1207 arg1 T 1218:1218 T 1218:1218 T 1218:1218 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%). 24814337 14 23 theme Streptomyces 1543:1554 arg1 species 1522:1528 a novel species 1514:1528 a novel species 1514:1528 On the basis of these results, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces chumphonensis sp. 24814337 0 24 theme chumphonensis 13:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Streptomyces chumphonensis sp 0:28 Streptomyces chumphonensis sp. 0:29 Streptomyces chumphonensis sp. 24814337 8 25 theme polar 668:672 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 686:709 phosphatidylethanolamine 686:709 phosphatidylethanolamine 686:709 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 24814337 8 25 theme polar 668:672 arg1 lipids 674:679 The major polar lipids 658:679 The major polar lipids 658:679 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 24814337 15 26 dep nov 1607:1609 arg1 T 1675:1675 T 1675:1675 T 1675:1675 nov. (type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T)) is proposed. 24814337 15 26 dep nov 1607:1609 arg1 330 1671:1673 type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330 1613:1673 type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T) 1613:1676 nov. (type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T)) is proposed. 24814337 14 27 theme Streptomyces 1576:1587 arg1 sp 1603:1604 the name Streptomyces chumphonensis sp 1567:1604 the name Streptomyces chumphonensis sp 1567:1604 On the basis of these results, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces chumphonensis sp. 24814337 4 28 theme polyphasic 273:282 arg1 approach 284:291 a polyphasic approach 271:291 a polyphasic approach 271:291 Their taxonomic positions were determined using a polyphasic approach. 24814337 0 29 theme Streptomyces 0:11 arg1 sp 27:28 Streptomyces chumphonensis sp 0:28 Streptomyces chumphonensis sp. 0:29 Streptomyces chumphonensis sp. 24814337 5 30 theme cultural 313:320 arg1 consistent 380:389 consistent 380:389 consistent 380:389 The morphological, cultural and chemotaxonomic characteristics of these isolates were consistent with the classification of the strains as representing a member of the genus Streptomyces. 24814337 5 30 theme cultural 313:320 arg1 characteristics 341:355 The morphological, cultural and chemotaxonomic characteristics 294:355 The morphological, cultural and chemotaxonomic characteristics of these isolates 294:373 The morphological, cultural and chemotaxonomic characteristics of these isolates were consistent with the classification of the strains as representing a member of the genus Streptomyces. 24814337 15 31 theme  = TISTR 1648:1655 arg1 T 1675:1675 T 1675:1675 T 1675:1675 nov. (type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T)) is proposed. 24814337 15 31 theme  = TISTR 1648:1655 arg1 330 1671:1673 type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330 1613:1673 type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T) 1613:1676 nov. (type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T)) is proposed. 24814337 12 32 theme DNA 1262:1264 arg1 % 1319:1319 73.3 and 74.2 mol% 1302:1319 % 1319:1319 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 were 73.3 and 74.2 mol%, respectively. 24814337 12 32 theme DNA 1262:1264 arg1 contents 1238:1245 The G+C contents 1230:1245 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 1230:1295 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 were 73.3 and 74.2 mol%, respectively. 24814337 15 33 theme  = JCM 1633:1638 arg1 T 1675:1675 T 1675:1675 T 1675:1675 nov. (type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T)) is proposed. 24814337 15 33 theme  = JCM 1633:1638 arg1 330 1671:1673 type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330 1613:1673 type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T) 1613:1676 nov. (type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T)) is proposed. 24814337 10 34 theme gene 935:938 arg1 similarity 949:958 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 926:958 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies 926:966 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. 24814337 11 35 theme JCM 1115:1117 arg1 4541 1119:1122 paromomycinus JCM 4541 1101:1122 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%) 1101:1133 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%). 24814337 11 35 theme JCM 1115:1117 arg1 % 1132:1132 98.1% 1128:1132 98.1% 1128:1132 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%). 24814337 11 35 theme JCM 1115:1117 arg1 T 1124:1124 T 1124:1124 T 1124:1124 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%). 24814337 5 36 theme genus 462:466 arg1 Streptomyces 468:479 the genus Streptomyces 458:479 the genus Streptomyces 458:479 The morphological, cultural and chemotaxonomic characteristics of these isolates were consistent with the classification of the strains as representing a member of the genus Streptomyces. 24814337 13 37 theme related 1381:1387 arg1 strains 1394:1400 the related type strains 1377:1400 the related type strains 1377:1400 They could be clearly distinguished from the related type strains by a low DNA-DNA relatedness and phenotypic differences. 24814337 15 38 theme 18522 1640:1644 arg1 T 1675:1675 T 1675:1675 T 1675:1675 nov. (type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T)) is proposed. 24814337 15 38 theme 18522 1640:1644 arg1 330 1671:1673 type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330 1613:1673 type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T) 1613:1676 nov. (type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T)) is proposed. 24814337 5 39 theme chemotaxonomic 326:339 arg1 consistent 380:389 consistent 380:389 consistent 380:389 The morphological, cultural and chemotaxonomic characteristics of these isolates were consistent with the classification of the strains as representing a member of the genus Streptomyces. 24814337 5 39 theme chemotaxonomic 326:339 arg1 characteristics 341:355 The morphological, cultural and chemotaxonomic characteristics 294:355 The morphological, cultural and chemotaxonomic characteristics of these isolates 294:373 The morphological, cultural and chemotaxonomic characteristics of these isolates were consistent with the classification of the strains as representing a member of the genus Streptomyces. 24814337 6 40 theme LL-diaminopimelic 497:513 arg1 acid 515:518 LL-diaminopimelic acid 497:518 LL-diaminopimelic acid in their cell wall peptidoglycan 497:551 They contained LL-diaminopimelic acid in their cell wall peptidoglycan; the whole-cell sugars were ribose and glucose. 24814337 15 41 theme type 1613:1616 arg1 T 1675:1675 T 1675:1675 T 1675:1675 nov. (type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T)) is proposed. 24814337 15 41 theme type 1613:1616 arg1 330 1671:1673 type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330 1613:1673 type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T) 1613:1676 nov. (type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T)) is proposed. 24814337 5 42 theme Streptomyces 468:479 arg1 member 448:453 a member 446:453 a member of the genus Streptomyces 446:479 The morphological, cultural and chemotaxonomic characteristics of these isolates were consistent with the classification of the strains as representing a member of the genus Streptomyces. 24814337 15 43 theme T 1631:1631 arg1 T 1675:1675 T 1675:1675 T 1675:1675 nov. (type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T)) is proposed. 24814337 15 43 theme T 1631:1631 arg1 330 1671:1673 type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330 1613:1673 type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T) 1613:1676 nov. (type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T)) is proposed. 24814337 15 44 theme T 1662:1662 arg1 T 1675:1675 T 1675:1675 T 1675:1675 nov. (type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T)) is proposed. 24814337 15 44 theme T 1662:1662 arg1 330 1671:1673 type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330 1613:1673 type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T) 1613:1676 nov. (type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T)) is proposed. 24814337 13 45 theme phenotypic 1435:1444 arg1 differences 1446:1456 phenotypic differences 1435:1456 phenotypic differences 1435:1456 They could be clearly distinguished from the related type strains by a low DNA-DNA relatedness and phenotypic differences. 24814337 10 46 theme 16S 926:928 arg1 similarity 949:958 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 926:958 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies 926:966 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. 24814337 10 47 theme Streptomyces 1073:1084 arg1 16958 1055:1059 Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958 1025:1059 Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%) 1025:1070 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. 24814337 10 47 theme Streptomyces 1073:1084 arg1 subsp 1094:1098 Streptomyces rimosus subsp 1073:1098 Streptomyces rimosus subsp 1073:1098 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. 24814337 12 48 theme 74.2 1311:1314 arg1 % 1319:1319 73.3 and 74.2 mol% 1302:1319 % 1319:1319 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 were 73.3 and 74.2 mol%, respectively. 24814337 12 48 theme 74.2 1311:1314 arg1 contents 1238:1245 The G+C contents 1230:1245 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 1230:1295 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 were 73.3 and 74.2 mol%, respectively. 24814337 2 49 theme marine 135:140 arg1 sediments 142:150 marine sediments 135:150 marine sediments collected in Chumphon province, Thailand 135:191 Two actinomycete strains, KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7, were isolated from marine sediments collected in Chumphon province, Thailand. 24814337 13 50 theme type 1389:1392 arg1 strains 1394:1400 the related type strains 1377:1400 the related type strains 1377:1400 They could be clearly distinguished from the related type strains by a low DNA-DNA relatedness and phenotypic differences. 24814337 11 51 theme JCM 1209:1211 arg1 4476 1213:1216 Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476 1186:1216 Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%) 1186:1227 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%). 24814337 11 51 theme JCM 1209:1211 arg1 % 1226:1226 98.0% 1222:1226 98.0% 1222:1226 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%). 24814337 11 51 theme JCM 1209:1211 arg1 T 1218:1218 T 1218:1218 T 1218:1218 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%). 24814337 12 52 dep strains 1269:1275 arg1 strains 1269:1275 strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 1269:1295 strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 1269:1295 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 were 73.3 and 74.2 mol%, respectively. 24814337 12 52 dep strains 1269:1275 arg1 T 1283:1283 T 1283:1283 T 1283:1283 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 were 73.3 and 74.2 mol%, respectively. 24814337 12 52 dep strains 1269:1275 arg1 CPB4-7 1290:1295 CPB4-7 1290:1295 CPB4-7 1290:1295 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 were 73.3 and 74.2 mol%, respectively. 24814337 12 52 dep strains 1269:1275 arg1 KK1-2 1277:1281 KK1-2 1277:1281 KK1-2(T) 1277:1284 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 were 73.3 and 74.2 mol%, respectively. 24814337 11 53 theme Streptomyces 1136:1147 arg1 T 1171:1171 T 1171:1171 T 1171:1171 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%). 24814337 11 53 theme Streptomyces 1136:1147 arg1 4828 1166:1169 Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828 1136:1169 Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) 1136:1180 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%). 24814337 11 53 theme Streptomyces 1136:1147 arg1 % 1179:1179 98.1% 1175:1179 98.1% 1175:1179 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%). 24814337 12 54 theme 73.3 1302:1305 arg1 % 1319:1319 73.3 and 74.2 mol% 1302:1319 % 1319:1319 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 were 73.3 and 74.2 mol%, respectively. 24814337 12 54 theme 73.3 1302:1305 arg1 contents 1238:1245 The G+C contents 1230:1245 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 1230:1295 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 were 73.3 and 74.2 mol%, respectively. 24814337 15 55 theme KK1-2 1625:1629 arg1 T 1675:1675 T 1675:1675 T 1675:1675 nov. (type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T)) is proposed. 24814337 15 55 theme KK1-2 1625:1629 arg1 330 1671:1673 type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330 1613:1673 type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T) 1613:1676 nov. (type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T)) is proposed. 24814337 12 56 theme genomic 1254:1260 arg1 DNA 1262:1264 the genomic DNA 1250:1264 the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 1250:1295 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 were 73.3 and 74.2 mol%, respectively. 24814337 12 57 theme strains 1269:1275 arg1 DNA 1262:1264 the genomic DNA 1250:1264 the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 1250:1295 The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7 were 73.3 and 74.2 mol%, respectively. 24814337 5 58 theme morphological 298:310 arg1 consistent 380:389 consistent 380:389 consistent 380:389 The morphological, cultural and chemotaxonomic characteristics of these isolates were consistent with the classification of the strains as representing a member of the genus Streptomyces. 24814337 5 58 theme morphological 298:310 arg1 characteristics 341:355 The morphological, cultural and chemotaxonomic characteristics 294:355 The morphological, cultural and chemotaxonomic characteristics of these isolates 294:373 The morphological, cultural and chemotaxonomic characteristics of these isolates were consistent with the classification of the strains as representing a member of the genus Streptomyces. 24814337 15 59 theme T 1646:1646 arg1 T 1675:1675 T 1675:1675 T 1675:1675 nov. (type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T)) is proposed. 24814337 15 59 theme T 1646:1646 arg1 330 1671:1673 type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330 1613:1673 type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T) 1613:1676 nov. (type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T)) is proposed. 24814337 2 60 attach isolated 121:128 arg1 sediments 142:150 marine sediments 135:150 marine sediments collected in Chumphon province, Thailand 135:191 Two actinomycete strains, KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7, were isolated from marine sediments collected in Chumphon province, Thailand. 24814337 2 60 attach isolated 121:128 arg2 KK1-2 95:99 KK1-2 95:99 KK1-2(T) 95:102 Two actinomycete strains, KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7, were isolated from marine sediments collected in Chumphon province, Thailand. 24814337 2 60 attach isolated 121:128 arg2 strains 86:92 Two actinomycete strains 69:92 Two actinomycete strains 69:92 Two actinomycete strains, KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7, were isolated from marine sediments collected in Chumphon province, Thailand. 24814337 2 60 attach isolated 121:128 arg2 CPB4-7 108:113 CPB4-7 108:113 CPB4-7 108:113 Two actinomycete strains, KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7, were isolated from marine sediments collected in Chumphon province, Thailand. 24814337 2 61 theme actinomycete 73:84 arg1 strains 86:92 Two actinomycete strains 69:92 Two actinomycete strains 69:92 Two actinomycete strains, KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7, were isolated from marine sediments collected in Chumphon province, Thailand. 24814337 2 61 theme actinomycete 73:84 arg1 CPB4-7 108:113 CPB4-7 108:113 CPB4-7 108:113 Two actinomycete strains, KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7, were isolated from marine sediments collected in Chumphon province, Thailand. 24814337 2 61 theme actinomycete 73:84 arg1 KK1-2 95:99 KK1-2 95:99 KK1-2(T) 95:102 Two actinomycete strains, KK1-2(T) and CPB4-7, were isolated from marine sediments collected in Chumphon province, Thailand. 24814337 13 62 theme low 1407:1409 arg1 relatedness 1419:1429 a low DNA-DNA relatedness 1405:1429 a low DNA-DNA relatedness 1405:1429 They could be clearly distinguished from the related type strains by a low DNA-DNA relatedness and phenotypic differences. 24814337 10 63 theme similarity 949:958 arg1 studies 960:966 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies 926:966 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies 926:966 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. 24814337 6 64 contain contained 487:495 arg2 acid 515:518 LL-diaminopimelic acid 497:518 LL-diaminopimelic acid in their cell wall peptidoglycan 497:551 They contained LL-diaminopimelic acid in their cell wall peptidoglycan; the whole-cell sugars were ribose and glucose. 24814337 6 64 contain contained 487:495 arg1 They 482:485 They 482:485 They 482:485 They contained LL-diaminopimelic acid in their cell wall peptidoglycan; the whole-cell sugars were ribose and glucose. 24814337 8 65 theme phosphatidylinositol 783:802 arg1 mannosides 804:813 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 783:813 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 783:813 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 24814337 13 66 theme DNA-DNA 1411:1417 arg1 relatedness 1419:1429 a low DNA-DNA relatedness 1405:1429 a low DNA-DNA relatedness 1405:1429 They could be clearly distinguished from the related type strains by a low DNA-DNA relatedness and phenotypic differences. 24814337 9 67 theme predominant 820:830 arg1 anteiso-C 858:866 anteiso-C 858:866 anteiso-C 858:866 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0). 24814337 9 67 theme predominant 820:830 arg1 acids 847:851 The predominant cellular fatty acids 816:851 The predominant cellular fatty acids 816:851 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0). 24814337 4 68 theme taxonomic 229:237 arg1 positions 239:247 Their taxonomic positions 223:247 Their taxonomic positions 223:247 Their taxonomic positions were determined using a polyphasic approach. 24814337 6 69 theme whole-cell 558:567 arg1 ribose 581:586 ribose 581:586 ribose 581:586 They contained LL-diaminopimelic acid in their cell wall peptidoglycan; the whole-cell sugars were ribose and glucose. 24814337 6 69 theme whole-cell 558:567 arg1 sugars 569:574 the whole-cell sugars 554:574 the whole-cell sugars 554:574 They contained LL-diaminopimelic acid in their cell wall peptidoglycan; the whole-cell sugars were ribose and glucose. 24814337 14 70 dep results 1481:1487 arg1 the 1462:1464 the 1462:1464 the 1462:1464 On the basis of these results, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces chumphonensis sp. 24814337 14 70 dep results 1481:1487 arg1 basis 1466:1470 basis 1466:1470 basis 1466:1470 On the basis of these results, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces chumphonensis sp. 24814337 9 71 theme cellular 832:839 arg1 anteiso-C 858:866 anteiso-C 858:866 anteiso-C 858:866 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0). 24814337 9 71 theme cellular 832:839 arg1 acids 847:851 The predominant cellular fatty acids 816:851 The predominant cellular fatty acids 816:851 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0). 24814337 15 72 theme strain 1618:1623 arg1 T 1675:1675 T 1675:1675 T 1675:1675 nov. (type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T)) is proposed. 24814337 15 72 theme strain 1618:1623 arg1 330 1671:1673 type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330 1613:1673 type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T) 1613:1676 nov. (type strain KK1-2(T) = JCM 18522(T) = TISTR 2106(T) = PCU 330(T)) is proposed. 24814337 10 73 theme Streptomyces 1025:1036 arg1 T 1061:1061 T 1061:1061 T 1061:1061 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. 24814337 10 73 theme Streptomyces 1025:1036 arg1 16958 1055:1059 Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958 1025:1059 Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%) 1025:1070 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. 24814337 10 73 theme Streptomyces 1025:1036 arg1 subsp 1094:1098 Streptomyces rimosus subsp 1073:1098 Streptomyces rimosus subsp 1073:1098 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. 24814337 10 73 theme Streptomyces 1025:1036 arg1 % 1069:1069 98.2% 1065:1069 98.2% 1065:1069 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958(T) (98.2%), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. 24814337 9 74 theme fatty 841:845 arg1 anteiso-C 858:866 anteiso-C 858:866 anteiso-C 858:866 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0). 24814337 9 74 theme fatty 841:845 arg1 acids 847:851 The predominant cellular fatty acids 816:851 The predominant cellular fatty acids 816:851 The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0). 24814337 5 75 with consistent 380:389 arg1 classification 400:413 the classification 396:413 the classification of the strains as representing a member of the genus Streptomyces 396:479 The morphological, cultural and chemotaxonomic characteristics of these isolates were consistent with the classification of the strains as representing a member of the genus Streptomyces. 24814337 11 76 theme Streptomyces 1186:1197 arg1 4476 1213:1216 Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476 1186:1216 Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%) 1186:1227 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%). 24814337 11 76 theme Streptomyces 1186:1197 arg1 % 1226:1226 98.0% 1222:1226 98.0% 1222:1226 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%). 24814337 11 76 theme Streptomyces 1186:1197 arg1 T 1218:1218 T 1218:1218 T 1218:1218 paromomycinus JCM 4541(T) (98.1%), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828(T) (98.1%) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476(T) (98.0%). 24814337 14 77 theme genus 1537:1541 arg1 Streptomyces 1543:1554 the genus Streptomyces 1533:1554 the genus Streptomyces 1533:1554 On the basis of these results, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces chumphonensis sp. 24814337 14 78 theme novel 1516:1520 arg1 species 1522:1528 a novel species 1514:1528 a novel species 1514:1528 On the basis of these results, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces chumphonensis sp. 26007691 11 0 theme tight 1615:1619 arg1 proteins 1630:1637 tight junction proteins 1615:1637 tight junction proteins 1615:1637 Conclusion IL-23 in human breast milk is biologically active and negatively affects the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells through the degradation of tight junction proteins. 26007691 9 1 theme immunofluorescent 1154:1170 arg1 staining 1172:1179 immunofluorescent staining 1154:1179 immunofluorescent staining of ZO-1 and occludin which show decreased staining of occludin in both the groups exposed to breast milk with high and low IL-23 1154:1308 These results correlate with immunofluorescent staining of ZO-1 and occludin which show decreased staining of occludin in both the groups exposed to breast milk with high and low IL-23. 26007691 7 2 theme breast 885:890 arg1 milk 892:895 breast milk 885:895 breast milk 885:895 Results Exposure to breast milk with high levels of IL-23 caused an increase flux of FD-70 compared with both controls and breast milk with low levels of IL-23. 26007691 4 3 theme Methods The 422:432 arg1 IEC-18 486:491 IEC-18 486:491 IEC-18 486:491 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-18, was grown on cell inserts or standard cell culture plates. 26007691 4 3 theme Methods The 422:432 arg1 line 480:483 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line 422:483 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line 422:483 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-18, was grown on cell inserts or standard cell culture plates. 26007691 10 4 theme breast 1351:1356 arg1 milk 1358:1361 high IL-23 breast milk 1340:1361 high IL-23 breast milk 1340:1361 Conversely, cells exposed to high IL-23 breast milk had little peripheral staining of ZO-1 compared with controls and low IL-23 breast milk. 26007691 4 5 theme rat 443:445 arg1 IEC-18 486:491 IEC-18 486:491 IEC-18 486:491 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-18, was grown on cell inserts or standard cell culture plates. 26007691 4 5 theme rat 443:445 arg1 line 480:483 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line 422:483 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line 422:483 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-18, was grown on cell inserts or standard cell culture plates. 26007691 11 6 theme barrier 1540:1546 arg1 function 1548:1555 the barrier function 1536:1555 the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells 1536:1586 Conclusion IL-23 in human breast milk is biologically active and negatively affects the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells through the degradation of tight junction proteins. 26007691 1 7 contain has 98:100 arg1 milk 93:96 Background Breast milk 75:96 Background Breast milk 75:96 Background Breast milk has a heterogeneous composition that differs between mothers and changes throughout the first weeks after birth. 26007691 1 7 contain has 98:100 arg2 composition 118:128 a heterogeneous composition 102:128 a heterogeneous composition that differs between mothers and changes throughout the first weeks after birth 102:208 Background Breast milk has a heterogeneous composition that differs between mothers and changes throughout the first weeks after birth. 26007691 10 8 theme peripheral 1374:1383 arg1 staining 1385:1392 little peripheral staining 1367:1392 little peripheral staining of ZO-1 1367:1400 Conversely, cells exposed to high IL-23 breast milk had little peripheral staining of ZO-1 compared with controls and low IL-23 breast milk. 26007691 3 9 located found 327:331 arg1 milk 349:352 human breast milk 336:352 human breast milk 336:352 We hypothesize that IL-23 found in human breast milk is biologically active and promotes epithelial barrier dysfunction. 26007691 3 9 located found 327:331 arg2 IL-23 321:325 IL-23 321:325 IL-23 found in human breast milk 321:352 We hypothesize that IL-23 found in human breast milk is biologically active and promotes epithelial barrier dysfunction. 26007691 9 10 theme decreased 1213:1221 arg1 staining 1223:1230 decreased staining 1213:1230 decreased staining of occludin 1213:1242 These results correlate with immunofluorescent staining of ZO-1 and occludin which show decreased staining of occludin in both the groups exposed to breast milk with high and low IL-23. 26007691 6 11 used used 832:835 arg2 expression 763:772 protein and mRNA expression 746:772 protein and mRNA expression of occludin and ZO-1 746:793 In addition, protein and mRNA expression of occludin and ZO-1 were measured and immunofluorescence used to stain occludin and ZO-1. 26007691 5 12 theme fluorescein 689:699 arg1 FD-70 725:729 FD-70 725:729 FD-70 725:729 Confluent cultures were exposed to human breast milk with high or low levels of IL-23 and barrier function was measured using a flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD-70). 26007691 5 12 theme fluorescein 689:699 arg1 isothiocyanate-dextran 701:722 fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 689:722 fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD-70) 689:730 Confluent cultures were exposed to human breast milk with high or low levels of IL-23 and barrier function was measured using a flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD-70). 26007691 11 13 theme junction 1621:1628 arg1 proteins 1630:1637 tight junction proteins 1615:1637 tight junction proteins 1615:1637 Conclusion IL-23 in human breast milk is biologically active and negatively affects the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells through the degradation of tight junction proteins. 26007691 7 14 theme increase 933:940 arg1 flux 942:945 an increase flux 930:945 an increase flux of FD-70 930:954 Results Exposure to breast milk with high levels of IL-23 caused an increase flux of FD-70 compared with both controls and breast milk with low levels of IL-23. 26007691 4 15 theme intestinal 453:462 arg1 IEC-18 486:491 IEC-18 486:491 IEC-18 486:491 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-18, was grown on cell inserts or standard cell culture plates. 26007691 4 15 theme intestinal 453:462 arg1 line 480:483 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line 422:483 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line 422:483 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-18, was grown on cell inserts or standard cell culture plates. 26007691 5 16 theme human 588:592 arg1 milk 601:604 human breast milk 588:604 human breast milk 588:604 Confluent cultures were exposed to human breast milk with high or low levels of IL-23 and barrier function was measured using a flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD-70). 26007691 2 17 theme human 282:286 arg1 milk 295:298 human breast milk 282:298 human breast milk 282:298 The proinflammatory cytokine IL-23 has a highly variable expression in human breast milk. 26007691 7 18 theme breast 988:993 arg1 milk 995:998 breast milk 988:998 breast milk 988:998 Results Exposure to breast milk with high levels of IL-23 caused an increase flux of FD-70 compared with both controls and breast milk with low levels of IL-23. 26007691 4 19 theme cell 475:478 arg1 IEC-18 486:491 IEC-18 486:491 IEC-18 486:491 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-18, was grown on cell inserts or standard cell culture plates. 26007691 4 19 theme cell 475:478 arg1 line 480:483 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line 422:483 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line 422:483 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-18, was grown on cell inserts or standard cell culture plates. 26007691 5 20 theme Confluent 553:561 arg1 cultures 563:570 Confluent cultures 553:570 Confluent cultures 553:570 Confluent cultures were exposed to human breast milk with high or low levels of IL-23 and barrier function was measured using a flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD-70). 26007691 7 21 with milk 995:998 arg1 levels 1009:1014 low levels 1005:1014 low levels of IL-23 1005:1023 Results Exposure to breast milk with high levels of IL-23 caused an increase flux of FD-70 compared with both controls and breast milk with low levels of IL-23. 26007691 3 22 theme human 336:340 arg1 milk 349:352 human breast milk 336:352 human breast milk 336:352 We hypothesize that IL-23 found in human breast milk is biologically active and promotes epithelial barrier dysfunction. 26007691 5 23 theme isothiocyanate-dextran 701:722 arg1 flux 681:684 a flux 679:684 a flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD-70) 679:730 Confluent cultures were exposed to human breast milk with high or low levels of IL-23 and barrier function was measured using a flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD-70). 26007691 9 24 theme breast 1274:1279 arg1 milk 1281:1284 breast milk 1274:1284 breast milk 1274:1284 These results correlate with immunofluorescent staining of ZO-1 and occludin which show decreased staining of occludin in both the groups exposed to breast milk with high and low IL-23. 26007691 1 25 theme first 186:190 arg1 weeks 192:196 the first weeks 182:196 the first weeks after birth 182:208 Background Breast milk has a heterogeneous composition that differs between mothers and changes throughout the first weeks after birth. 26007691 4 26 theme cell 532:535 arg1 plates 545:550 standard cell culture plates 523:550 standard cell culture plates 523:550 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-18, was grown on cell inserts or standard cell culture plates. 26007691 11 27 theme breast 1478:1483 arg1 milk 1485:1488 human breast milk 1472:1488 human breast milk 1472:1488 Conclusion IL-23 in human breast milk is biologically active and negatively affects the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells through the degradation of tight junction proteins. 26007691 7 28 theme FD-70 950:954 arg1 flux 942:945 an increase flux 930:945 an increase flux of FD-70 930:954 Results Exposure to breast milk with high levels of IL-23 caused an increase flux of FD-70 compared with both controls and breast milk with low levels of IL-23. 26007691 1 29 theme Background Breast 75:91 arg1 milk 93:96 Background Breast milk 75:96 Background Breast milk 75:96 Background Breast milk has a heterogeneous composition that differs between mothers and changes throughout the first weeks after birth. 26007691 10 30 theme breast 1439:1444 arg1 milk 1446:1449 low IL-23 breast milk 1429:1449 low IL-23 breast milk 1429:1449 Conversely, cells exposed to high IL-23 breast milk had little peripheral staining of ZO-1 compared with controls and low IL-23 breast milk. 26007691 5 31 theme breast 594:599 arg1 milk 601:604 human breast milk 588:604 human breast milk 588:604 Confluent cultures were exposed to human breast milk with high or low levels of IL-23 and barrier function was measured using a flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD-70). 26007691 4 32 theme cell 507:510 arg1 inserts 512:518 cell inserts 507:518 cell inserts 507:518 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-18, was grown on cell inserts or standard cell culture plates. 26007691 10 33 theme low 1429:1431 arg1 milk 1446:1449 low IL-23 breast milk 1429:1449 low IL-23 breast milk 1429:1449 Conversely, cells exposed to high IL-23 breast milk had little peripheral staining of ZO-1 compared with controls and low IL-23 breast milk. 26007691 8 34 theme ZO-1 1052:1055 arg1 expression 1038:1047 The protein expression 1026:1047 The protein expression of ZO-1 but not occludin 1026:1072 The protein expression of ZO-1 but not occludin was decreased by exposure to high levels of IL-23. 26007691 1 35 theme heterogeneous 104:116 arg1 composition 118:128 a heterogeneous composition 102:128 a heterogeneous composition that differs between mothers and changes throughout the first weeks after birth 102:208 Background Breast milk has a heterogeneous composition that differs between mothers and changes throughout the first weeks after birth. 26007691 3 36 theme epithelial 390:399 arg1 dysfunction 409:419 epithelial barrier dysfunction 390:419 epithelial barrier dysfunction 390:419 We hypothesize that IL-23 found in human breast milk is biologically active and promotes epithelial barrier dysfunction. 26007691 10 37 theme IL-23 1345:1349 arg1 milk 1358:1361 high IL-23 breast milk 1340:1361 high IL-23 breast milk 1340:1361 Conversely, cells exposed to high IL-23 breast milk had little peripheral staining of ZO-1 compared with controls and low IL-23 breast milk. 26007691 0 38 theme Intestinal 25:34 arg1 Permeability 52:63 Intestinal Epithelial Cell Permeability 25:63 Intestinal Epithelial Cell Permeability 25:63 Interleukin-23 Increases Intestinal Epithelial Cell Permeability In Vitro. 26007691 0 39 theme Cell 47:50 arg1 Permeability 52:63 Intestinal Epithelial Cell Permeability 25:63 Intestinal Epithelial Cell Permeability 25:63 Interleukin-23 Increases Intestinal Epithelial Cell Permeability In Vitro. 26007691 11 40 theme cells 1582:1586 arg1 function 1548:1555 the barrier function 1536:1555 the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells 1536:1586 Conclusion IL-23 in human breast milk is biologically active and negatively affects the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells through the degradation of tight junction proteins. 26007691 2 41 theme cytokine 231:238 arg1 IL-23 240:244 The proinflammatory cytokine IL-23 211:244 The proinflammatory cytokine IL-23 211:244 The proinflammatory cytokine IL-23 has a highly variable expression in human breast milk. 26007691 11 42 theme intestinal 1560:1569 arg1 cells 1582:1586 intestinal epithelial cells 1560:1586 intestinal epithelial cells 1560:1586 Conclusion IL-23 in human breast milk is biologically active and negatively affects the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells through the degradation of tight junction proteins. 26007691 2 43 contain has 246:248 arg2 expression 268:277 a highly variable expression 250:277 a highly variable expression in human breast milk 250:298 The proinflammatory cytokine IL-23 has a highly variable expression in human breast milk. 26007691 2 43 contain has 246:248 arg1 IL-23 240:244 The proinflammatory cytokine IL-23 211:244 The proinflammatory cytokine IL-23 211:244 The proinflammatory cytokine IL-23 has a highly variable expression in human breast milk. 26007691 7 44 with Results Exposure 865:880 arg1 levels 907:912 high levels 902:912 high levels of IL-23 902:921 Results Exposure to breast milk with high levels of IL-23 caused an increase flux of FD-70 compared with both controls and breast milk with low levels of IL-23. 26007691 7 45 theme high 902:905 arg1 levels 907:912 high levels 902:912 high levels of IL-23 902:921 Results Exposure to breast milk with high levels of IL-23 caused an increase flux of FD-70 compared with both controls and breast milk with low levels of IL-23. 26007691 8 46 theme IL-23 1118:1122 arg1 levels 1108:1113 high levels 1103:1113 high levels of IL-23 1103:1122 The protein expression of ZO-1 but not occludin was decreased by exposure to high levels of IL-23. 26007691 4 47 theme immature 434:441 arg1 IEC-18 486:491 IEC-18 486:491 IEC-18 486:491 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-18, was grown on cell inserts or standard cell culture plates. 26007691 4 47 theme immature 434:441 arg1 line 480:483 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line 422:483 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line 422:483 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-18, was grown on cell inserts or standard cell culture plates. 26007691 6 48 theme ZO-1 790:793 arg1 expression 763:772 protein and mRNA expression 746:772 protein and mRNA expression of occludin and ZO-1 746:793 In addition, protein and mRNA expression of occludin and ZO-1 were measured and immunofluorescence used to stain occludin and ZO-1. 26007691 4 49 theme small 447:451 arg1 IEC-18 486:491 IEC-18 486:491 IEC-18 486:491 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-18, was grown on cell inserts or standard cell culture plates. 26007691 4 49 theme small 447:451 arg1 line 480:483 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line 422:483 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line 422:483 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-18, was grown on cell inserts or standard cell culture plates. 26007691 5 50 theme IL-23 633:637 arg1 levels 623:628 high or low levels 611:628 high or low levels of IL-23 611:637 Confluent cultures were exposed to human breast milk with high or low levels of IL-23 and barrier function was measured using a flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD-70). 26007691 9 51 theme ZO-1 1184:1187 arg1 staining 1172:1179 immunofluorescent staining 1154:1179 immunofluorescent staining of ZO-1 and occludin which show decreased staining of occludin in both the groups exposed to breast milk with high and low IL-23 1154:1308 These results correlate with immunofluorescent staining of ZO-1 and occludin which show decreased staining of occludin in both the groups exposed to breast milk with high and low IL-23. 26007691 5 52 theme barrier 643:649 arg1 function 651:658 barrier function 643:658 barrier function 643:658 Confluent cultures were exposed to human breast milk with high or low levels of IL-23 and barrier function was measured using a flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD-70). 26007691 9 53 theme occludin 1193:1200 arg1 staining 1172:1179 immunofluorescent staining 1154:1179 immunofluorescent staining of ZO-1 and occludin which show decreased staining of occludin in both the groups exposed to breast milk with high and low IL-23 1154:1308 These results correlate with immunofluorescent staining of ZO-1 and occludin which show decreased staining of occludin in both the groups exposed to breast milk with high and low IL-23. 26007691 6 54 theme occludin 777:784 arg1 expression 763:772 protein and mRNA expression 746:772 protein and mRNA expression of occludin and ZO-1 746:793 In addition, protein and mRNA expression of occludin and ZO-1 were measured and immunofluorescence used to stain occludin and ZO-1. 26007691 6 55 dep used 832:835 arg1 immunofluorescence 813:830 immunofluorescence 813:830 immunofluorescence 813:830 In addition, protein and mRNA expression of occludin and ZO-1 were measured and immunofluorescence used to stain occludin and ZO-1. 26007691 2 56 theme variable 259:266 arg1 expression 268:277 a highly variable expression 250:277 a highly variable expression in human breast milk 250:298 The proinflammatory cytokine IL-23 has a highly variable expression in human breast milk. 26007691 9 57 theme occludin 1235:1242 arg1 staining 1223:1230 decreased staining 1213:1230 decreased staining of occludin 1213:1242 These results correlate with immunofluorescent staining of ZO-1 and occludin which show decreased staining of occludin in both the groups exposed to breast milk with high and low IL-23. 26007691 4 58 theme epithelial 464:473 arg1 IEC-18 486:491 IEC-18 486:491 IEC-18 486:491 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-18, was grown on cell inserts or standard cell culture plates. 26007691 4 58 theme epithelial 464:473 arg1 line 480:483 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line 422:483 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line 422:483 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-18, was grown on cell inserts or standard cell culture plates. 26007691 10 59 theme little 1367:1372 arg1 staining 1385:1392 little peripheral staining 1367:1392 little peripheral staining of ZO-1 1367:1400 Conversely, cells exposed to high IL-23 breast milk had little peripheral staining of ZO-1 compared with controls and low IL-23 breast milk. 26007691 7 60 theme IL-23 1019:1023 arg1 levels 1009:1014 low levels 1005:1014 low levels of IL-23 1005:1023 Results Exposure to breast milk with high levels of IL-23 caused an increase flux of FD-70 compared with both controls and breast milk with low levels of IL-23. 26007691 2 61 theme breast 288:293 arg1 milk 295:298 human breast milk 282:298 human breast milk 282:298 The proinflammatory cytokine IL-23 has a highly variable expression in human breast milk. 26007691 7 62 theme low 1005:1007 arg1 levels 1009:1014 low levels 1005:1014 low levels of IL-23 1005:1023 Results Exposure to breast milk with high levels of IL-23 caused an increase flux of FD-70 compared with both controls and breast milk with low levels of IL-23. 26007691 7 63 with controls 975:982 arg1 levels 1009:1014 low levels 1005:1014 low levels of IL-23 1005:1023 Results Exposure to breast milk with high levels of IL-23 caused an increase flux of FD-70 compared with both controls and breast milk with low levels of IL-23. 26007691 4 64 theme standard 523:530 arg1 plates 545:550 standard cell culture plates 523:550 standard cell culture plates 523:550 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-18, was grown on cell inserts or standard cell culture plates. 26007691 3 65 theme breast 342:347 arg1 milk 349:352 human breast milk 336:352 human breast milk 336:352 We hypothesize that IL-23 found in human breast milk is biologically active and promotes epithelial barrier dysfunction. 26007691 4 66 theme culture 537:543 arg1 plates 545:550 standard cell culture plates 523:550 standard cell culture plates 523:550 Methods The immature rat small intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-18, was grown on cell inserts or standard cell culture plates. 26007691 11 67 theme human 1472:1476 arg1 milk 1485:1488 human breast milk 1472:1488 human breast milk 1472:1488 Conclusion IL-23 in human breast milk is biologically active and negatively affects the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells through the degradation of tight junction proteins. 26007691 8 68 theme protein 1030:1036 arg1 expression 1038:1047 The protein expression 1026:1047 The protein expression of ZO-1 but not occludin 1026:1072 The protein expression of ZO-1 but not occludin was decreased by exposure to high levels of IL-23. 26007691 5 69 theme low 619:621 arg1 levels 623:628 high or low levels 611:628 high or low levels of IL-23 611:637 Confluent cultures were exposed to human breast milk with high or low levels of IL-23 and barrier function was measured using a flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD-70). 26007691 6 70 theme protein 746:752 arg1 expression 763:772 protein and mRNA expression 746:772 protein and mRNA expression of occludin and ZO-1 746:793 In addition, protein and mRNA expression of occludin and ZO-1 were measured and immunofluorescence used to stain occludin and ZO-1. 26007691 10 71 theme ZO-1 1397:1400 arg1 staining 1385:1392 little peripheral staining 1367:1392 little peripheral staining of ZO-1 1367:1400 Conversely, cells exposed to high IL-23 breast milk had little peripheral staining of ZO-1 compared with controls and low IL-23 breast milk. 26007691 9 72 theme high 1291:1294 arg1 IL-23 1304:1308 high and low IL-23 1291:1308 high and low IL-23 1291:1308 These results correlate with immunofluorescent staining of ZO-1 and occludin which show decreased staining of occludin in both the groups exposed to breast milk with high and low IL-23. 26007691 10 73 theme IL-23 1433:1437 arg1 milk 1446:1449 low IL-23 breast milk 1429:1449 low IL-23 breast milk 1429:1449 Conversely, cells exposed to high IL-23 breast milk had little peripheral staining of ZO-1 compared with controls and low IL-23 breast milk. 26007691 9 74 theme low 1300:1302 arg1 IL-23 1304:1308 high and low IL-23 1291:1308 high and low IL-23 1291:1308 These results correlate with immunofluorescent staining of ZO-1 and occludin which show decreased staining of occludin in both the groups exposed to breast milk with high and low IL-23. 26007691 0 75 theme Epithelial 36:45 arg1 Permeability 52:63 Intestinal Epithelial Cell Permeability 25:63 Intestinal Epithelial Cell Permeability 25:63 Interleukin-23 Increases Intestinal Epithelial Cell Permeability In Vitro. 26007691 8 76 theme occludin 1065:1072 arg1 expression 1038:1047 The protein expression 1026:1047 The protein expression of ZO-1 but not occludin 1026:1072 The protein expression of ZO-1 but not occludin was decreased by exposure to high levels of IL-23. 26007691 5 77 theme high 611:614 arg1 levels 623:628 high or low levels 611:628 high or low levels of IL-23 611:637 Confluent cultures were exposed to human breast milk with high or low levels of IL-23 and barrier function was measured using a flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD-70). 26007691 11 78 from Conclusion IL-23 1452:1467 arg1 milk 1485:1488 human breast milk 1472:1488 human breast milk 1472:1488 Conclusion IL-23 in human breast milk is biologically active and negatively affects the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells through the degradation of tight junction proteins. 26007691 2 79 from expression 268:277 arg1 milk 295:298 human breast milk 282:298 human breast milk 282:298 The proinflammatory cytokine IL-23 has a highly variable expression in human breast milk. 26007691 3 80 theme barrier 401:407 arg1 dysfunction 409:419 epithelial barrier dysfunction 390:419 epithelial barrier dysfunction 390:419 We hypothesize that IL-23 found in human breast milk is biologically active and promotes epithelial barrier dysfunction. 26007691 11 81 theme epithelial 1571:1580 arg1 cells 1582:1586 intestinal epithelial cells 1560:1586 intestinal epithelial cells 1560:1586 Conclusion IL-23 in human breast milk is biologically active and negatively affects the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells through the degradation of tight junction proteins. 26007691 6 82 theme mRNA 758:761 arg1 expression 763:772 protein and mRNA expression 746:772 protein and mRNA expression of occludin and ZO-1 746:793 In addition, protein and mRNA expression of occludin and ZO-1 were measured and immunofluorescence used to stain occludin and ZO-1. 26007691 7 83 theme IL-23 917:921 arg1 levels 907:912 high levels 902:912 high levels of IL-23 902:921 Results Exposure to breast milk with high levels of IL-23 caused an increase flux of FD-70 compared with both controls and breast milk with low levels of IL-23. 26007691 8 84 theme high 1103:1106 arg1 levels 1108:1113 high levels 1103:1113 high levels of IL-23 1103:1122 The protein expression of ZO-1 but not occludin was decreased by exposure to high levels of IL-23. 26007691 2 85 theme proinflammatory 215:229 arg1 IL-23 240:244 The proinflammatory cytokine IL-23 211:244 The proinflammatory cytokine IL-23 211:244 The proinflammatory cytokine IL-23 has a highly variable expression in human breast milk. 26007691 10 86 theme high 1340:1343 arg1 milk 1358:1361 high IL-23 breast milk 1340:1361 high IL-23 breast milk 1340:1361 Conversely, cells exposed to high IL-23 breast milk had little peripheral staining of ZO-1 compared with controls and low IL-23 breast milk. 26007691 11 87 theme proteins 1630:1637 arg1 degradation 1600:1610 the degradation 1596:1610 the degradation of tight junction proteins 1596:1637 Conclusion IL-23 in human breast milk is biologically active and negatively affects the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells through the degradation of tight junction proteins. 26007691 10 88 contain had 1363:1365 arg2 staining 1385:1392 little peripheral staining 1367:1392 little peripheral staining of ZO-1 1367:1400 Conversely, cells exposed to high IL-23 breast milk had little peripheral staining of ZO-1 compared with controls and low IL-23 breast milk. 26007691 10 88 contain had 1363:1365 arg1 cells 1323:1327 cells 1323:1327 cells exposed to high IL-23 breast milk 1323:1361 Conversely, cells exposed to high IL-23 breast milk had little peripheral staining of ZO-1 compared with controls and low IL-23 breast milk. 24941112 1 0 theme immune 194:199 arg1 development 212:222 immune competence development 194:222 immune competence development 194:222 BACKGROUND Early-life environmental variation affects gut microbial colonization and immune competence development; however, the timing and additional specifics of these processes are unknown. 24941112 0 1 theme new-born 91:98 arg1 piglets 100:106 new-born piglets 91:106 new-born piglets 91:106 Early-life environmental variation affects intestinal microbiota and immune development in new-born piglets. 24941112 10 2 theme different 1695:1703 arg1 conditions 1716:1725 different early-life conditions 1695:1725 different early-life conditions 1695:1725 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We provide direct evidence that different early-life conditions, specifically focusing on antibiotic treatment and exposure to stress, affect gut microbial colonization and intestinal immune development. 24941112 11 3 theme intestinal 1939:1948 arg1 development 1957:1967 intestinal immune development 1939:1967 intestinal immune development 1939:1967 This reinforces the notion that the early phase of life is critical for intestinal immune development, also under regular production circumstances. 24941112 6 4 theme management 1111:1120 arg1 procedures 1122:1131 several routine, but stressful management procedures 1080:1131 several routine, but stressful management procedures 1080:1131 Group 1 was not treated, group 2 was treated with an antibiotic, and group 3 was treated with an antibiotic and simultaneously exposed to several routine, but stressful management procedures, including docking, clipping and weighing. 24941112 6 4 theme management 1111:1120 arg1 docking 1144:1150 docking 1144:1150 docking 1144:1150 Group 1 was not treated, group 2 was treated with an antibiotic, and group 3 was treated with an antibiotic and simultaneously exposed to several routine, but stressful management procedures, including docking, clipping and weighing. 24941112 1 5 theme competence 201:210 arg1 development 212:222 immune competence development 194:222 immune competence development 194:222 BACKGROUND Early-life environmental variation affects gut microbial colonization and immune competence development; however, the timing and additional specifics of these processes are unknown. 24941112 8 6 theme antibiotic 1402:1411 arg1 treatment 1413:1421 the applied antibiotic treatment 1390:1421 the applied antibiotic treatment 1390:1421 We observed that the applied antibiotic treatment affected the composition and diversity of gut microbiota and reduced the expression of a large number of immune-related processes. 24941112 10 7 theme antibiotic 1753:1762 arg1 treatment 1764:1772 antibiotic treatment 1753:1772 antibiotic treatment 1753:1772 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We provide direct evidence that different early-life conditions, specifically focusing on antibiotic treatment and exposure to stress, affect gut microbial colonization and intestinal immune development. 24941112 6 8 theme stressful 1101:1109 arg1 procedures 1122:1131 several routine, but stressful management procedures 1080:1131 several routine, but stressful management procedures 1080:1131 Group 1 was not treated, group 2 was treated with an antibiotic, and group 3 was treated with an antibiotic and simultaneously exposed to several routine, but stressful management procedures, including docking, clipping and weighing. 24941112 6 8 theme stressful 1101:1109 arg1 docking 1144:1150 docking 1144:1150 docking 1144:1150 Group 1 was not treated, group 2 was treated with an antibiotic, and group 3 was treated with an antibiotic and simultaneously exposed to several routine, but stressful management procedures, including docking, clipping and weighing. 24941112 8 9 theme processes 1543:1551 arg1 number 1518:1523 a large number 1510:1523 a large number of immune-related processes 1510:1551 We observed that the applied antibiotic treatment affected the composition and diversity of gut microbiota and reduced the expression of a large number of immune-related processes. 24941112 7 10 theme microbiota 1310:1319 arg1 analysis 1294:1301 community-scale analysis 1278:1301 community-scale analysis of gut microbiota and genome-wide intestinal transcriptome profiling 1278:1370 Thereafter, treatment effects were measured at day 8 after birth in 16 piglets per treatment group by community-scale analysis of gut microbiota and genome-wide intestinal transcriptome profiling. 24941112 2 11 theme environmental 327:339 arg1 variations 341:350 early-life environmental variations 316:350 early-life environmental variations 316:350 The impact of early-life environmental variations, as experienced under real life circumstances, on gut microbial colonization and immune development has not been studied extensively so far. 24941112 1 12 theme environmental 131:143 arg1 variation 145:153 BACKGROUND Early-life environmental variation 109:153 BACKGROUND Early-life environmental variation 109:153 BACKGROUND Early-life environmental variation affects gut microbial colonization and immune competence development; however, the timing and additional specifics of these processes are unknown. 24941112 4 13 theme METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL 649:669 arg1 FINDINGS 671:678 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS 649:678 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS 649:678 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To investigate effects of early-life environmental changes, the piglets of 16 piglet litters were divided into 3 groups per litter and experimentally treated on day 4 after birth. 24941112 6 14 theme weighing 1166:1173 arg1 docking 1144:1150 docking 1144:1150 docking 1144:1150 Group 1 was not treated, group 2 was treated with an antibiotic, and group 3 was treated with an antibiotic and simultaneously exposed to several routine, but stressful management procedures, including docking, clipping and weighing. 24941112 3 15 theme gut 587:589 arg1 colonization 601:612 gut microbial colonization 587:612 gut microbial colonization 587:612 We designed a study to investigate environmental variation, experienced early after birth, to gut microbial colonization and intestinal immune development. 24941112 2 16 theme early-life 316:325 arg1 variations 341:350 early-life environmental variations 316:350 early-life environmental variations 316:350 The impact of early-life environmental variations, as experienced under real life circumstances, on gut microbial colonization and immune development has not been studied extensively so far. 24941112 10 17 theme microbial 1809:1817 arg1 colonization 1819:1830 gut microbial colonization 1805:1830 gut microbial colonization 1805:1830 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We provide direct evidence that different early-life conditions, specifically focusing on antibiotic treatment and exposure to stress, affect gut microbial colonization and intestinal immune development. 24941112 4 18 theme litters 765:771 arg1 piglets 744:750 the piglets 740:750 the piglets of 16 piglet litters 740:771 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To investigate effects of early-life environmental changes, the piglets of 16 piglet litters were divided into 3 groups per litter and experimentally treated on day 4 after birth. 24941112 7 19 theme community-scale 1278:1292 arg1 analysis 1294:1301 community-scale analysis 1278:1301 community-scale analysis of gut microbiota and genome-wide intestinal transcriptome profiling 1278:1370 Thereafter, treatment effects were measured at day 8 after birth in 16 piglets per treatment group by community-scale analysis of gut microbiota and genome-wide intestinal transcriptome profiling. 24941112 8 20 dep composition 1436:1446 arg1 the 1432:1434 the 1432:1434 the 1432:1434 We observed that the applied antibiotic treatment affected the composition and diversity of gut microbiota and reduced the expression of a large number of immune-related processes. 24941112 10 21 theme gut 1805:1807 arg1 colonization 1819:1830 gut microbial colonization 1805:1830 gut microbial colonization 1805:1830 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We provide direct evidence that different early-life conditions, specifically focusing on antibiotic treatment and exposure to stress, affect gut microbial colonization and intestinal immune development. 24941112 7 22 theme genome-wide 1325:1335 arg1 profiling 1362:1370 genome-wide intestinal transcriptome profiling 1325:1370 genome-wide intestinal transcriptome profiling 1325:1370 Thereafter, treatment effects were measured at day 8 after birth in 16 piglets per treatment group by community-scale analysis of gut microbiota and genome-wide intestinal transcriptome profiling. 24941112 7 23 theme transcriptome 1348:1360 arg1 profiling 1362:1370 genome-wide intestinal transcriptome profiling 1325:1370 genome-wide intestinal transcriptome profiling 1325:1370 Thereafter, treatment effects were measured at day 8 after birth in 16 piglets per treatment group by community-scale analysis of gut microbiota and genome-wide intestinal transcriptome profiling. 24941112 0 24 from microbiota 54:63 arg1 piglets 100:106 new-born piglets 91:106 new-born piglets 91:106 Early-life environmental variation affects intestinal microbiota and immune development in new-born piglets. 24941112 10 25 theme direct 1674:1679 arg1 evidence 1681:1688 direct evidence that different early-life conditions, specifically focusing on antibiotic treatment and exposure to stress, affect gut microbial colonization and intestinal immune development 1674:1864 direct evidence that different early-life conditions, specifically focusing on antibiotic treatment and exposure to stress, affect gut microbial colonization and intestinal immune development 1674:1864 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We provide direct evidence that different early-life conditions, specifically focusing on antibiotic treatment and exposure to stress, affect gut microbial colonization and intestinal immune development. 24941112 2 26 theme immune 433:438 arg1 development 440:450 immune development 433:450 immune development 433:450 The impact of early-life environmental variations, as experienced under real life circumstances, on gut microbial colonization and immune development has not been studied extensively so far. 24941112 0 27 theme environmental 11:23 arg1 variation 25:33 Early-life environmental variation 0:33 Early-life environmental variation 0:33 Early-life environmental variation affects intestinal microbiota and immune development in new-born piglets. 24941112 10 28 theme immune 1847:1852 arg1 development 1854:1864 intestinal immune development 1836:1864 intestinal immune development 1836:1864 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We provide direct evidence that different early-life conditions, specifically focusing on antibiotic treatment and exposure to stress, affect gut microbial colonization and intestinal immune development. 24941112 8 29 theme applied 1394:1400 arg1 treatment 1413:1421 the applied antibiotic treatment 1390:1421 the applied antibiotic treatment 1390:1421 We observed that the applied antibiotic treatment affected the composition and diversity of gut microbiota and reduced the expression of a large number of immune-related processes. 24941112 7 30 theme treatment 1188:1196 arg1 effects 1198:1204 treatment effects 1188:1204 treatment effects 1188:1204 Thereafter, treatment effects were measured at day 8 after birth in 16 piglets per treatment group by community-scale analysis of gut microbiota and genome-wide intestinal transcriptome profiling. 24941112 6 31 theme several 1080:1086 arg1 procedures 1122:1131 several routine, but stressful management procedures 1080:1131 several routine, but stressful management procedures 1080:1131 Group 1 was not treated, group 2 was treated with an antibiotic, and group 3 was treated with an antibiotic and simultaneously exposed to several routine, but stressful management procedures, including docking, clipping and weighing. 24941112 6 31 theme several 1080:1086 arg1 docking 1144:1150 docking 1144:1150 docking 1144:1150 Group 1 was not treated, group 2 was treated with an antibiotic, and group 3 was treated with an antibiotic and simultaneously exposed to several routine, but stressful management procedures, including docking, clipping and weighing. 24941112 0 32 theme Early-life 0:9 arg1 variation 25:33 Early-life environmental variation 0:33 Early-life environmental variation 0:33 Early-life environmental variation affects intestinal microbiota and immune development in new-born piglets. 24941112 8 33 theme large 1512:1516 arg1 number 1518:1523 a large number 1510:1523 a large number of immune-related processes 1510:1551 We observed that the applied antibiotic treatment affected the composition and diversity of gut microbiota and reduced the expression of a large number of immune-related processes. 24941112 1 34 theme BACKGROUND 109:118 arg1 variation 145:153 BACKGROUND Early-life environmental variation 109:153 BACKGROUND Early-life environmental variation 109:153 BACKGROUND Early-life environmental variation affects gut microbial colonization and immune competence development; however, the timing and additional specifics of these processes are unknown. 24941112 7 35 theme intestinal 1337:1346 arg1 profiling 1362:1370 genome-wide intestinal transcriptome profiling 1325:1370 genome-wide intestinal transcriptome profiling 1325:1370 Thereafter, treatment effects were measured at day 8 after birth in 16 piglets per treatment group by community-scale analysis of gut microbiota and genome-wide intestinal transcriptome profiling. 24941112 1 36 theme Early-life 120:129 arg1 variation 145:153 BACKGROUND Early-life environmental variation 109:153 BACKGROUND Early-life environmental variation 109:153 BACKGROUND Early-life environmental variation affects gut microbial colonization and immune competence development; however, the timing and additional specifics of these processes are unknown. 24941112 9 37 theme antibiotic 1614:1623 arg1 use 1604:1606 the use 1600:1606 the use of an antibiotic 1600:1623 The effect of management procedures on top of the use of an antibiotic was limited. 24941112 4 38 theme early-life 706:715 arg1 changes 731:737 early-life environmental changes 706:737 early-life environmental changes 706:737 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To investigate effects of early-life environmental changes, the piglets of 16 piglet litters were divided into 3 groups per litter and experimentally treated on day 4 after birth. 24941112 3 39 theme intestinal 618:627 arg1 development 636:646 intestinal immune development 618:646 intestinal immune development 618:646 We designed a study to investigate environmental variation, experienced early after birth, to gut microbial colonization and intestinal immune development. 24941112 2 40 theme variations 341:350 arg1 impact 306:311 The impact 302:311 The impact of early-life environmental variations, as experienced under real life circumstances, on gut microbial colonization and immune development 302:450 The impact of early-life environmental variations, as experienced under real life circumstances, on gut microbial colonization and immune development has not been studied extensively so far. 24941112 9 41 theme management 1568:1577 arg1 procedures 1579:1588 management procedures 1568:1588 management procedures 1568:1588 The effect of management procedures on top of the use of an antibiotic was limited. 24941112 4 42 theme piglet 758:763 arg1 litters 765:771 16 piglet litters 755:771 16 piglet litters 755:771 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To investigate effects of early-life environmental changes, the piglets of 16 piglet litters were divided into 3 groups per litter and experimentally treated on day 4 after birth. 24941112 7 43 theme gut 1306:1308 arg1 microbiota 1310:1319 gut microbiota 1306:1319 gut microbiota 1306:1319 Thereafter, treatment effects were measured at day 8 after birth in 16 piglets per treatment group by community-scale analysis of gut microbiota and genome-wide intestinal transcriptome profiling. 24941112 2 44 dep variations 341:350 arg1 experienced 356:366 experienced 356:366 experienced under real life circumstances 356:396 The impact of early-life environmental variations, as experienced under real life circumstances, on gut microbial colonization and immune development has not been studied extensively so far. 24941112 11 45 theme life 1918:1921 arg1 phase 1909:1913 the early phase 1899:1913 the early phase of life 1899:1921 This reinforces the notion that the early phase of life is critical for intestinal immune development, also under regular production circumstances. 24941112 11 45 theme life 1918:1921 arg1 critical 1926:1933 critical 1926:1933 critical 1926:1933 This reinforces the notion that the early phase of life is critical for intestinal immune development, also under regular production circumstances. 24941112 11 46 theme regular 1981:1987 arg1 circumstances 2000:2012 regular production circumstances 1981:2012 regular production circumstances 1981:2012 This reinforces the notion that the early phase of life is critical for intestinal immune development, also under regular production circumstances. 24941112 7 47 from day 1223:1225 arg1 piglets 1247:1253 16 piglets 1244:1253 16 piglets per treatment group 1244:1273 Thereafter, treatment effects were measured at day 8 after birth in 16 piglets per treatment group by community-scale analysis of gut microbiota and genome-wide intestinal transcriptome profiling. 24941112 11 48 theme immune 1950:1955 arg1 development 1957:1967 intestinal immune development 1939:1967 intestinal immune development 1939:1967 This reinforces the notion that the early phase of life is critical for intestinal immune development, also under regular production circumstances. 24941112 4 49 theme changes 731:737 arg1 effects 695:701 effects 695:701 effects of early-life environmental changes 695:737 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To investigate effects of early-life environmental changes, the piglets of 16 piglet litters were divided into 3 groups per litter and experimentally treated on day 4 after birth. 24941112 0 50 theme intestinal 43:52 arg1 microbiota 54:63 intestinal microbiota 43:63 intestinal microbiota 43:63 Early-life environmental variation affects intestinal microbiota and immune development in new-born piglets. 24941112 1 51 theme additional 249:258 arg1 specifics 260:268 additional specifics 249:268 additional specifics 249:268 BACKGROUND Early-life environmental variation affects gut microbial colonization and immune competence development; however, the timing and additional specifics of these processes are unknown. 24941112 0 52 theme immune 69:74 arg1 development 76:86 immune development 69:86 immune development 69:86 Early-life environmental variation affects intestinal microbiota and immune development in new-born piglets. 24941112 5 53 theme mother 930:935 arg1 sow 937:939 their mother sow 924:939 their mother sow 924:939 During the course of the experiment, the piglets were kept with their mother sow. 24941112 11 54 theme early 1903:1907 arg1 phase 1909:1913 the early phase 1899:1913 the early phase of life 1899:1921 This reinforces the notion that the early phase of life is critical for intestinal immune development, also under regular production circumstances. 24941112 11 54 theme early 1903:1907 arg1 critical 1926:1933 critical 1926:1933 critical 1926:1933 This reinforces the notion that the early phase of life is critical for intestinal immune development, also under regular production circumstances. 24941112 0 55 from development 76:86 arg1 piglets 100:106 new-born piglets 91:106 new-born piglets 91:106 Early-life environmental variation affects intestinal microbiota and immune development in new-born piglets. 24941112 3 56 theme immune 629:634 arg1 development 636:646 intestinal immune development 618:646 intestinal immune development 618:646 We designed a study to investigate environmental variation, experienced early after birth, to gut microbial colonization and intestinal immune development. 24941112 3 57 theme environmental 528:540 arg1 variation 542:550 environmental variation 528:550 environmental variation 528:550 We designed a study to investigate environmental variation, experienced early after birth, to gut microbial colonization and intestinal immune development. 24941112 11 58 theme production 1989:1998 arg1 circumstances 2000:2012 regular production circumstances 1981:2012 regular production circumstances 1981:2012 This reinforces the notion that the early phase of life is critical for intestinal immune development, also under regular production circumstances. 24941112 3 59 theme microbial 591:599 arg1 colonization 601:612 gut microbial colonization 587:612 gut microbial colonization 587:612 We designed a study to investigate environmental variation, experienced early after birth, to gut microbial colonization and intestinal immune development. 24941112 8 60 theme immune-related 1528:1541 arg1 processes 1543:1551 immune-related processes 1528:1551 immune-related processes 1528:1551 We observed that the applied antibiotic treatment affected the composition and diversity of gut microbiota and reduced the expression of a large number of immune-related processes. 24941112 8 61 theme gut 1465:1467 arg1 microbiota 1469:1478 gut microbiota 1465:1478 gut microbiota 1465:1478 We observed that the applied antibiotic treatment affected the composition and diversity of gut microbiota and reduced the expression of a large number of immune-related processes. 24941112 7 62 theme profiling 1362:1370 arg1 analysis 1294:1301 community-scale analysis 1278:1301 community-scale analysis of gut microbiota and genome-wide intestinal transcriptome profiling 1278:1370 Thereafter, treatment effects were measured at day 8 after birth in 16 piglets per treatment group by community-scale analysis of gut microbiota and genome-wide intestinal transcriptome profiling. 24941112 2 63 theme life 379:382 arg1 circumstances 384:396 real life circumstances 374:396 real life circumstances 374:396 The impact of early-life environmental variations, as experienced under real life circumstances, on gut microbial colonization and immune development has not been studied extensively so far. 24941112 10 64 theme intestinal 1836:1845 arg1 development 1854:1864 intestinal immune development 1836:1864 intestinal immune development 1836:1864 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We provide direct evidence that different early-life conditions, specifically focusing on antibiotic treatment and exposure to stress, affect gut microbial colonization and intestinal immune development. 24941112 7 65 theme treatment 1259:1267 arg1 group 1269:1273 treatment group 1259:1273 treatment group 1259:1273 Thereafter, treatment effects were measured at day 8 after birth in 16 piglets per treatment group by community-scale analysis of gut microbiota and genome-wide intestinal transcriptome profiling. 24941112 1 66 theme gut 163:165 arg1 colonization 177:188 gut microbial colonization 163:188 gut microbial colonization 163:188 BACKGROUND Early-life environmental variation affects gut microbial colonization and immune competence development; however, the timing and additional specifics of these processes are unknown. 24941112 2 67 from impact 306:311 arg1 colonization 416:427 gut microbial colonization 402:427 gut microbial colonization 402:427 The impact of early-life environmental variations, as experienced under real life circumstances, on gut microbial colonization and immune development has not been studied extensively so far. 24941112 2 67 from impact 306:311 arg1 development 440:450 immune development 433:450 immune development 433:450 The impact of early-life environmental variations, as experienced under real life circumstances, on gut microbial colonization and immune development has not been studied extensively so far. 24941112 8 68 theme number 1518:1523 arg1 expression 1496:1505 the expression 1492:1505 the expression of a large number of immune-related processes 1492:1551 We observed that the applied antibiotic treatment affected the composition and diversity of gut microbiota and reduced the expression of a large number of immune-related processes. 24941112 9 69 theme procedures 1579:1588 arg1 effect 1558:1563 The effect 1554:1563 The effect of management procedures on top of the use of an antibiotic 1554:1623 The effect of management procedures on top of the use of an antibiotic was limited. 24941112 1 70 theme microbial 167:175 arg1 colonization 177:188 gut microbial colonization 163:188 gut microbial colonization 163:188 BACKGROUND Early-life environmental variation affects gut microbial colonization and immune competence development; however, the timing and additional specifics of these processes are unknown. 24941112 2 71 theme real 374:377 arg1 circumstances 384:396 real life circumstances 374:396 real life circumstances 374:396 The impact of early-life environmental variations, as experienced under real life circumstances, on gut microbial colonization and immune development has not been studied extensively so far. 24941112 4 72 theme environmental 717:729 arg1 changes 731:737 early-life environmental changes 706:737 early-life environmental changes 706:737 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To investigate effects of early-life environmental changes, the piglets of 16 piglet litters were divided into 3 groups per litter and experimentally treated on day 4 after birth. 24941112 8 73 theme microbiota 1469:1478 arg1 composition 1436:1446 composition 1436:1446 composition 1436:1446 We observed that the applied antibiotic treatment affected the composition and diversity of gut microbiota and reduced the expression of a large number of immune-related processes. 24941112 8 73 theme microbiota 1469:1478 arg1 diversity 1452:1460 diversity 1452:1460 diversity 1452:1460 We observed that the applied antibiotic treatment affected the composition and diversity of gut microbiota and reduced the expression of a large number of immune-related processes. 24941112 5 74 theme experiment 885:894 arg1 course 871:876 the course 867:876 the course of the experiment 867:894 During the course of the experiment, the piglets were kept with their mother sow. 24941112 2 75 theme microbial 406:414 arg1 colonization 416:427 gut microbial colonization 402:427 gut microbial colonization 402:427 The impact of early-life environmental variations, as experienced under real life circumstances, on gut microbial colonization and immune development has not been studied extensively so far. 24941112 6 76 theme routine 1088:1094 arg1 procedures 1122:1131 several routine, but stressful management procedures 1080:1131 several routine, but stressful management procedures 1080:1131 Group 1 was not treated, group 2 was treated with an antibiotic, and group 3 was treated with an antibiotic and simultaneously exposed to several routine, but stressful management procedures, including docking, clipping and weighing. 24941112 6 76 theme routine 1088:1094 arg1 docking 1144:1150 docking 1144:1150 docking 1144:1150 Group 1 was not treated, group 2 was treated with an antibiotic, and group 3 was treated with an antibiotic and simultaneously exposed to several routine, but stressful management procedures, including docking, clipping and weighing. 24941112 10 77 theme early-life 1705:1714 arg1 conditions 1716:1725 different early-life conditions 1695:1725 different early-life conditions 1695:1725 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We provide direct evidence that different early-life conditions, specifically focusing on antibiotic treatment and exposure to stress, affect gut microbial colonization and intestinal immune development. 24941112 6 78 theme clipping 1153:1160 arg1 docking 1144:1150 docking 1144:1150 docking 1144:1150 Group 1 was not treated, group 2 was treated with an antibiotic, and group 3 was treated with an antibiotic and simultaneously exposed to several routine, but stressful management procedures, including docking, clipping and weighing. 24941112 1 79 dep timing 238:243 arg1 the 234:236 the 234:236 the 234:236 BACKGROUND Early-life environmental variation affects gut microbial colonization and immune competence development; however, the timing and additional specifics of these processes are unknown. 24941112 2 80 theme gut 402:404 arg1 colonization 416:427 gut microbial colonization 402:427 gut microbial colonization 402:427 The impact of early-life environmental variations, as experienced under real life circumstances, on gut microbial colonization and immune development has not been studied extensively so far. 24941112 1 81 theme processes 279:287 arg1 timing 238:243 timing 238:243 timing 238:243 BACKGROUND Early-life environmental variation affects gut microbial colonization and immune competence development; however, the timing and additional specifics of these processes are unknown. 24941112 1 81 theme processes 279:287 arg1 specifics 260:268 additional specifics 249:268 additional specifics 249:268 BACKGROUND Early-life environmental variation affects gut microbial colonization and immune competence development; however, the timing and additional specifics of these processes are unknown. 28950930 5 0 theme % 740:740 arg1 similarities 695:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 672:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 % 672:740 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 6 1 theme optimum 863:869 arg1 NaCl 857:860 0-3 %(w/v) NaCl 846:860 0-3 %(w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %) 846:874 The isolate grew at 4-37 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and with 0-3 %(w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %). 28950930 6 1 theme optimum 863:869 arg1 % 873:873 optimum 1 % 863:873 optimum 1 % 863:873 The isolate grew at 4-37 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and with 0-3 %(w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %). 28950930 3 2 theme Phylogenetic 184:195 arg1 analyses 239:246 Phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses 184:246 Phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses 184:246 Phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses were performed on the new isolate. 28950930 6 3 theme optimum 821:827 arg1 pH 808:809 pH 6.0-10.0 808:818 pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) 808:835 The isolate grew at 4-37 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and with 0-3 %(w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %). 28950930 6 3 theme optimum 821:827 arg1 pH 829:830 optimum pH 7.5 821:834 optimum pH 7.5 821:834 The isolate grew at 4-37 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and with 0-3 %(w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %). 28950930 11 4 theme strain 1349:1354 arg1 Q4-3T 1356:1360 strain Q4-3T 1349:1360 strain Q4-3T 1349:1360 Based on these results, strain Q4-3T is considered to represent a novel of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusalbidus nov. is proposed. 28950930 8 5 from acid 986:989 arg1 peptidoglycan 1008:1020 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 994:1020 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 994:1020 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28950930 8 6 theme cell-wall 998:1006 arg1 peptidoglycan 1008:1020 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 994:1020 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 994:1020 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28950930 11 7 theme Paenibacillusalbidus 1444:1463 arg1 nov. 1465:1468 the name Paenibacillusalbidus nov. 1435:1468 the name Paenibacillusalbidus nov. 1435:1468 Based on these results, strain Q4-3T is considered to represent a novel of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusalbidus nov. is proposed. 28950930 5 8 theme etheri 649:654 arg1 29760T 660:665 Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T 635:665 Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T 635:665 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 4 9 theme peritrichous 372:383 arg1 flagella 385:392 peritrichous flagella 372:392 peritrichous flagella 372:392 Cells were Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, motile rods with peritrichous flagella. 28950930 12 10 theme =CGMCC 1509:1514 arg1 33911T 1530:1535 =CGMCC 1.16134T=KCTC 33911T 1509:1535 =CGMCC 1.16134T=KCTC 33911T 1509:1535 The type strain is Q4-3T (=CGMCC 1.16134T=KCTC 33911T). 28950930 12 10 theme =CGMCC 1509:1514 arg1 Q4-3T 1502:1506 Q4-3T 1502:1506 Q4-3T (=CGMCC 1.16134T=KCTC 33911T) 1502:1536 The type strain is Q4-3T (=CGMCC 1.16134T=KCTC 33911T). 28950930 5 11 theme Paenibacillus 635:647 arg1 29760T 660:665 Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T 635:665 Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T 635:665 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 5 12 theme DSM 656:658 arg1 29760T 660:665 Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T 635:665 Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T 635:665 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 1 13 theme grassland 46:54 arg1 soil 56:59 grassland soil 46:59 grassland soil 46:59 nov., isolated from grassland soil. 28950930 2 14 theme soil 124:127 arg1 sample 129:134 a soil sample 122:134 a soil sample obtained from Qilian grassland, Qinghai, China 122:181 A novel bacterial strain, designed Q4-3T, was isolated from a soil sample obtained from Qilian grassland, Qinghai, China. 28950930 10 15 theme polar 1164:1168 arg1 lipids 1170:1175 The polar lipids 1160:1175 The polar lipids 1160:1175 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids and one unidentified lipid. 28950930 4 16 dep Gram-stain-positive 294:312 arg1 motile 355:360 motile 355:360 motile 355:360 Cells were Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, motile rods with peritrichous flagella. 28950930 4 16 dep Gram-stain-positive 294:312 arg1 spore-forming 340:352 spore-forming 340:352 spore-forming 340:352 Cells were Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, motile rods with peritrichous flagella. 28950930 4 16 dep Gram-stain-positive 294:312 arg1 anaerobic 329:337 anaerobic 329:337 anaerobic 329:337 Cells were Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, motile rods with peritrichous flagella. 28950930 12 17 theme type 1487:1490 arg1 Q4-3T 1502:1506 Q4-3T 1502:1506 Q4-3T (=CGMCC 1.16134T=KCTC 33911T) 1502:1536 The type strain is Q4-3T (=CGMCC 1.16134T=KCTC 33911T). 28950930 12 17 theme type 1487:1490 arg1 strain 1492:1497 The type strain 1483:1497 The type strain 1483:1497 The type strain is Q4-3T (=CGMCC 1.16134T=KCTC 33911T). 28950930 3 18 theme chemotaxonomic 210:223 arg1 analyses 239:246 Phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses 184:246 Phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses 184:246 Phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses were performed on the new isolate. 28950930 5 19 theme Paenibacillus 597:609 arg1 13188T 624:629 Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T 597:629 Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T 597:629 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 5 20 theme DSM 620:622 arg1 13188T 624:629 Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T 597:629 Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T 597:629 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 8 21 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1038:1056 arg1 MK-7 965:968 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 933:968 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 933:968 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28950930 8 21 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1038:1056 arg1 acid 1058:1061 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1038:1061 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1038:1061 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28950930 8 21 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1038:1056 arg1 acid 986:989 the diamino acid 974:989 the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 974:1020 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28950930 6 22 theme w/v 852:854 arg1 NaCl 857:860 0-3 %(w/v) NaCl 846:860 0-3 %(w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %) 846:874 The isolate grew at 4-37 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and with 0-3 %(w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %). 28950930 6 22 theme w/v 852:854 arg1 % 873:873 optimum 1 % 863:873 optimum 1 % 863:873 The isolate grew at 4-37 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and with 0-3 %(w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %). 28950930 0 23 theme albidus 14:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Paenibacillus albidus sp 0:23 Paenibacillus albidus sp. 0:24 Paenibacillus albidus sp. 28950930 5 24 theme closest 506:512 arg1 relatives 514:522 its closest relatives 502:522 its closest relatives 502:522 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 3 25 theme phenotypic 198:207 arg1 analyses 239:246 Phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses 184:246 Phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses 184:246 Phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses were performed on the new isolate. 28950930 8 26 theme menaquinone 949:959 arg1 MK-7 965:968 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 933:968 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 933:968 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28950930 8 26 theme menaquinone 949:959 arg1 acid 1058:1061 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1038:1061 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1038:1061 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28950930 0 27 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 22:23 Paenibacillus albidus sp 0:23 Paenibacillus albidus sp. 0:24 Paenibacillus albidus sp. 28950930 5 28 theme Paenibacillus 564:576 arg1 25190T 589:594 Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T 564:594 Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T 564:594 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 5 29 theme borealis 611:618 arg1 13188T 624:629 Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T 597:629 Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T 597:629 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 6 30 theme 1  871:872 arg1 NaCl 857:860 0-3 %(w/v) NaCl 846:860 0-3 %(w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %) 846:874 The isolate grew at 4-37 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and with 0-3 %(w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %). 28950930 6 30 theme 1  871:872 arg1 % 873:873 optimum 1 % 863:873 optimum 1 % 863:873 The isolate grew at 4-37 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and with 0-3 %(w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %). 28950930 5 31 theme sequence 686:693 arg1 similarities 695:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 672:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 % 672:740 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 5 32 theme typhae 578:583 arg1 25190T 589:594 Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T 564:594 Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T 564:594 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 5 33 theme strain 457:462 arg1 Q4-3T 464:468 strain Q4-3T 457:468 strain Q4-3T 457:468 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 8 34 theme diamino 978:984 arg1 acid 1058:1061 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1038:1061 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1038:1061 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28950930 8 34 theme diamino 978:984 arg1 acid 986:989 the diamino acid 974:989 the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 974:1020 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28950930 5 35 with 21743T 556:561 arg1 similarities 695:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 672:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 % 672:740 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 8 36 theme predominant 937:947 arg1 MK-7 965:968 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 933:968 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 933:968 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28950930 8 36 theme predominant 937:947 arg1 acid 1058:1061 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1038:1061 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1038:1061 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28950930 7 37 theme strain 888:893 arg1 Q4-3T 895:899 strain Q4-3T 888:899 strain Q4-3T 888:899 The DNA of strain Q4-3T was determined to be 48.6 mol%. 28950930 4 38 with rods 362:365 arg1 flagella 385:392 peritrichous flagella 372:392 peritrichous flagella 372:392 Cells were Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, motile rods with peritrichous flagella. 28950930 3 39 theme molecular 229:237 arg1 analyses 239:246 Phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses 184:246 Phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses 184:246 Phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses were performed on the new isolate. 28950930 9 40 theme major 1141:1145 arg1  0 1077:1078  0 1077:1078  0 1077:1078 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (55.5 %), iso-C16 : 0 (14.5 %) and C16 : 0 (13.3 %) were the major fatty acids. 28950930 9 40 theme major 1141:1145 arg1 Anteiso-C15  1064:1075 Anteiso-C15  1064:1075 Anteiso-C15  1064:1075 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (55.5 %), iso-C16 : 0 (14.5 %) and C16 : 0 (13.3 %) were the major fatty acids. 28950930 9 40 theme major 1141:1145 arg1 acids 1153:1157 the major fatty acids 1137:1157 the major fatty acids 1137:1157 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (55.5 %), iso-C16 : 0 (14.5 %) and C16 : 0 (13.3 %) were the major fatty acids. 28950930 9 40 theme major 1141:1145 arg1  0 1099:1100  0 1099:1100  0 1099:1100 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (55.5 %), iso-C16 : 0 (14.5 %) and C16 : 0 (13.3 %) were the major fatty acids. 28950930 9 40 theme major 1141:1145 arg1  0 1120:1121  0 1120:1121  0 1120:1121 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (55.5 %), iso-C16 : 0 (14.5 %) and C16 : 0 (13.3 %) were the major fatty acids. 28950930 8 41 theme was 961:963 arg1 MK-7 965:968 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 933:968 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 933:968 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28950930 8 41 theme was 961:963 arg1 acid 1058:1061 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1038:1061 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1038:1061 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28950930 7 42 theme Q4-3T 895:899 arg1 % 930:930 48.6 mol% 922:930 48.6 mol% 922:930 The DNA of strain Q4-3T was determined to be 48.6 mol%. 28950930 7 42 theme Q4-3T 895:899 arg1 DNA 881:883 The DNA 877:883 The DNA of strain Q4-3T 877:899 The DNA of strain Q4-3T was determined to be 48.6 mol%. 28950930 5 43 with 25190T 589:594 arg1 similarities 695:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 672:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 % 672:740 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 9 44 theme fatty 1147:1151 arg1  0 1077:1078  0 1077:1078  0 1077:1078 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (55.5 %), iso-C16 : 0 (14.5 %) and C16 : 0 (13.3 %) were the major fatty acids. 28950930 9 44 theme fatty 1147:1151 arg1 Anteiso-C15  1064:1075 Anteiso-C15  1064:1075 Anteiso-C15  1064:1075 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (55.5 %), iso-C16 : 0 (14.5 %) and C16 : 0 (13.3 %) were the major fatty acids. 28950930 9 44 theme fatty 1147:1151 arg1 acids 1153:1157 the major fatty acids 1137:1157 the major fatty acids 1137:1157 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (55.5 %), iso-C16 : 0 (14.5 %) and C16 : 0 (13.3 %) were the major fatty acids. 28950930 9 44 theme fatty 1147:1151 arg1  0 1099:1100  0 1099:1100  0 1099:1100 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (55.5 %), iso-C16 : 0 (14.5 %) and C16 : 0 (13.3 %) were the major fatty acids. 28950930 9 44 theme fatty 1147:1151 arg1  0 1120:1121  0 1120:1121  0 1120:1121 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (55.5 %), iso-C16 : 0 (14.5 %) and C16 : 0 (13.3 %) were the major fatty acids. 28950930 3 45 theme new 270:272 arg1 isolate 274:280 the new isolate 266:280 the new isolate 266:280 Phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses were performed on the new isolate. 28950930 5 46 theme Paenibacillus 529:541 arg1 21743T 556:561 Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T 529:561 Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T 529:561 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 5 47 with 13188T 624:629 arg1 similarities 695:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 672:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 % 672:740 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 2 48 theme bacterial 70:78 arg1 strain 80:85 A novel bacterial strain 62:85 A novel bacterial strain 62:85 A novel bacterial strain, designed Q4-3T, was isolated from a soil sample obtained from Qilian grassland, Qinghai, China. 28950930 5 49 theme 16S 672:674 arg1 similarities 695:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 672:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 % 672:740 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 5 50 theme odorifer 543:550 arg1 21743T 556:561 Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T 529:561 Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T 529:561 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 5 51 theme 16S 426:428 arg1 sequences 440:448 16S rRNA gene sequences 426:448 16S rRNA gene sequences 426:448 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 2 52 theme novel 64:68 arg1 strain 80:85 A novel bacterial strain 62:85 A novel bacterial strain 62:85 A novel bacterial strain, designed Q4-3T, was isolated from a soil sample obtained from Qilian grassland, Qinghai, China. 28950930 5 53 theme rRNA 676:679 arg1 similarities 695:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 672:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 % 672:740 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 5 54 theme DSM 585:587 arg1 25190T 589:594 Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T 564:594 Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T 564:594 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 5 55 theme JCM 552:554 arg1 21743T 556:561 Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T 529:561 Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T 529:561 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 2 56 attach isolated 108:115 arg1 sample 129:134 a soil sample 122:134 a soil sample obtained from Qilian grassland, Qinghai, China 122:181 A novel bacterial strain, designed Q4-3T, was isolated from a soil sample obtained from Qilian grassland, Qinghai, China. 28950930 2 56 attach isolated 108:115 arg2 strain 80:85 A novel bacterial strain 62:85 A novel bacterial strain 62:85 A novel bacterial strain, designed Q4-3T, was isolated from a soil sample obtained from Qilian grassland, Qinghai, China. 28950930 5 57 theme rRNA 430:433 arg1 sequences 440:448 16S rRNA gene sequences 426:448 16S rRNA gene sequences 426:448 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 8 58 from MK-7 965:968 arg1 peptidoglycan 1008:1020 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 994:1020 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 994:1020 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28950930 5 59 theme gene 681:684 arg1 similarities 695:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 672:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 % 672:740 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 11 60 theme Paenibacillus 1410:1422 arg1 genus 1404:1408 the genus Paenibacillus 1400:1422 the genus Paenibacillus 1400:1422 Based on these results, strain Q4-3T is considered to represent a novel of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusalbidus nov. is proposed. 28950930 10 61 theme unidentified 1305:1316 arg1 lipid 1318:1322 one unidentified lipid 1301:1322 one unidentified lipid 1301:1322 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids and one unidentified lipid. 28950930 5 62 theme gene 435:438 arg1 sequences 440:448 16S rRNA gene sequences 426:448 16S rRNA gene sequences 426:448 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 6 63 theme optimum 786:792 arg1 4-37 °C 777:783 4-37 °C 777:783 4-37 °C (optimum 28-30 °C) 777:802 The isolate grew at 4-37 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and with 0-3 %(w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %). 28950930 6 63 theme optimum 786:792 arg1 28-30 °C 794:801 optimum 28-30 °C 786:801 optimum 28-30 °C 786:801 The isolate grew at 4-37 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and with 0-3 %(w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %). 28950930 11 64 theme name 1439:1442 arg1 nov. 1465:1468 the name Paenibacillusalbidus nov. 1435:1468 the name Paenibacillusalbidus nov. 1435:1468 Based on these results, strain Q4-3T is considered to represent a novel of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusalbidus nov. is proposed. 28950930 10 65 theme unidentified 1265:1276 arg1 aminophospholipids 1278:1295 three unidentified aminophospholipids 1259:1295 three unidentified aminophospholipids 1259:1295 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids and one unidentified lipid. 28950930 12 66 theme 1.16134T=KCTC 1516:1528 arg1 33911T 1530:1535 =CGMCC 1.16134T=KCTC 33911T 1509:1535 =CGMCC 1.16134T=KCTC 33911T 1509:1535 The type strain is Q4-3T (=CGMCC 1.16134T=KCTC 33911T). 28950930 12 66 theme 1.16134T=KCTC 1516:1528 arg1 Q4-3T 1502:1506 Q4-3T 1502:1506 Q4-3T (=CGMCC 1.16134T=KCTC 33911T) 1502:1536 The type strain is Q4-3T (=CGMCC 1.16134T=KCTC 33911T). 28950930 11 67 theme genus 1404:1408 arg1 novel 1391:1395 novel 1391:1395 novel 1391:1395 Based on these results, strain Q4-3T is considered to represent a novel of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusalbidus nov. is proposed. 28950930 6 68 theme % 850:850 arg1 NaCl 857:860 0-3 %(w/v) NaCl 846:860 0-3 %(w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %) 846:874 The isolate grew at 4-37 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and with 0-3 %(w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %). 28950930 6 68 theme % 850:850 arg1 % 873:873 optimum 1 % 863:873 optimum 1 % 863:873 The isolate grew at 4-37 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and with 0-3 %(w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %). 28950930 7 69 theme mol 927:929 arg1 % 930:930 48.6 mol% 922:930 48.6 mol% 922:930 The DNA of strain Q4-3T was determined to be 48.6 mol%. 28950930 7 69 theme mol 927:929 arg1 DNA 881:883 The DNA 877:883 The DNA of strain Q4-3T 877:899 The DNA of strain Q4-3T was determined to be 48.6 mol%. 28950930 4 70 theme Gram-stain-positive 294:312 arg1 rods 362:365 Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, motile rods 294:365 Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, motile rods with peritrichous flagella 294:392 Cells were Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, motile rods with peritrichous flagella. 28950930 5 71 with 29760T 660:665 arg1 similarities 695:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 672:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 % 672:740 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 5 72 theme Phylogenetic 395:406 arg1 analysis 408:415 Phylogenetic analysis 395:415 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 395:448 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain Q4-3T in the genus Paenibacillus, and its closest relatives were Paenibacillus odorifer JCM 21743T, Paenibacillus typhae DSM 25190T, Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T and Paenibacillus etheri DSM 29760T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.12, 97.89, 97.63 and 97.6 %, respectively. 28950930 10 73 contain contained 1177:1185 arg1 lipids 1170:1175 The polar lipids 1160:1175 The polar lipids 1160:1175 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids and one unidentified lipid. 28950930 10 73 contain contained 1177:1185 arg2 lipid 1318:1322 one unidentified lipid 1301:1322 one unidentified lipid 1301:1322 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids and one unidentified lipid. 28950930 10 73 contain contained 1177:1185 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 1211:1230 phosphatidylglycerol 1211:1230 phosphatidylglycerol 1211:1230 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids and one unidentified lipid. 28950930 10 73 contain contained 1177:1185 arg2 aminophospholipids 1278:1295 three unidentified aminophospholipids 1259:1295 three unidentified aminophospholipids 1259:1295 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids and one unidentified lipid. 28950930 10 73 contain contained 1177:1185 arg2 phosphatidylethanolamine 1233:1256 phosphatidylethanolamine 1233:1256 phosphatidylethanolamine 1233:1256 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids and one unidentified lipid. 28950930 10 73 contain contained 1177:1185 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 1187:1208 diphosphatidylglycerol 1187:1208 diphosphatidylglycerol 1187:1208 The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids and one unidentified lipid. 27189475 10 0 theme novel 1258:1262 arg1 species 1264:1270 a novel species 1256:1270 a novel species 1256:1270 On the basis of these data, LNUB461T was classified as representing a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus liaoningensis sp. 27189475 10 1 theme liaoningensis 1333:1345 arg1 sp 1347:1348 the name Paenibacillus liaoningensis sp 1310:1348 the name Paenibacillus liaoningensis sp 1310:1348 On the basis of these data, LNUB461T was classified as representing a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus liaoningensis sp. 27189475 5 2 theme algorifonticola 516:530 arg1 XJ259T 532:537 Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T 502:537 Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %) 502:546 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 5 2 theme algorifonticola 516:530 arg1 % 545:545 98.5 % 540:545 98.5 % 540:545 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 8 3 theme G+C 1030:1032 arg1 content 1034:1040 The DNA G+C content 1022:1040 The DNA G+C content of LNUB461T 1022:1052 The DNA G+C content of LNUB461T was 49.1 mol%. 27189475 8 3 theme G+C 1030:1032 arg1 % 1066:1066 49.1 mol% 1058:1066 49.1 mol% 1058:1066 The DNA G+C content of LNUB461T was 49.1 mol%. 27189475 12 4 theme 30712T=CGMCC 1403:1414 arg1 1.15101T 1416:1423 =JCM 30712T=CGMCC 1.15101T 1398:1423 =JCM 30712T=CGMCC 1.15101T 1398:1423 The type strain is LNUB461T (=JCM 30712T=CGMCC 1.15101T). 27189475 12 4 theme 30712T=CGMCC 1403:1414 arg1 LNUB461T 1388:1395 LNUB461T 1388:1395 LNUB461T (=JCM 30712T=CGMCC 1.15101T) 1388:1424 The type strain is LNUB461T (=JCM 30712T=CGMCC 1.15101T). 27189475 8 5 theme 49.1 1058:1061 arg1 mol 1063:1065 mol 1063:1065 mol 1063:1065 The DNA G+C content of LNUB461T was 49.1 mol%. 27189475 9 6 theme DNA-DNA 1073:1079 arg1 hybridization 1081:1093 DNA-DNA hybridization 1073:1093 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between LNUB461T and the most closely related species (P. algorifonticola) 1069:1174 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between LNUB461T and the most closely related species (P. algorifonticola) was 41.8 %. 27189475 10 7 theme Paenibacillus 1319:1331 arg1 sp 1347:1348 the name Paenibacillus liaoningensis sp 1310:1348 the name Paenibacillus liaoningensis sp 1310:1348 On the basis of these data, LNUB461T was classified as representing a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus liaoningensis sp. 27189475 9 8 theme hybridization 1081:1093 arg1 % 1185:1185 41.8 % 1180:1185 41.8 % 1180:1185 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between LNUB461T and the most closely related species (P. algorifonticola) was 41.8 %. 27189475 9 8 theme hybridization 1081:1093 arg1 value 1095:1099 The DNA-DNA hybridization value 1069:1099 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between LNUB461T and the most closely related species (P. algorifonticola) 1069:1174 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between LNUB461T and the most closely related species (P. algorifonticola) was 41.8 %. 27189475 5 9 theme Phylogenetic 386:397 arg1 analysis 399:406 Phylogenetic analysis 386:406 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence 386:461 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 12 10 theme =JCM 1398:1401 arg1 1.15101T 1416:1423 =JCM 30712T=CGMCC 1.15101T 1398:1423 =JCM 30712T=CGMCC 1.15101T 1398:1423 The type strain is LNUB461T (=JCM 30712T=CGMCC 1.15101T). 27189475 12 10 theme =JCM 1398:1401 arg1 LNUB461T 1388:1395 LNUB461T 1388:1395 LNUB461T (=JCM 30712T=CGMCC 1.15101T) 1388:1424 The type strain is LNUB461T (=JCM 30712T=CGMCC 1.15101T). 27189475 10 11 theme name 1314:1317 arg1 sp 1347:1348 the name Paenibacillus liaoningensis sp 1310:1348 the name Paenibacillus liaoningensis sp 1310:1348 On the basis of these data, LNUB461T was classified as representing a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus liaoningensis sp. 27189475 10 12 dep data 1210:1213 arg1 the 1191:1193 the 1191:1193 the 1191:1193 On the basis of these data, LNUB461T was classified as representing a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus liaoningensis sp. 27189475 10 12 dep data 1210:1213 arg1 basis 1195:1199 basis 1195:1199 basis 1195:1199 On the basis of these data, LNUB461T was classified as representing a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus liaoningensis sp. 27189475 7 13 theme unknown 919:925 arg1 APL 948:950 APL 948:950 APL 948:950 The main polar lipids of LNUB461T included phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and two unknown amino phospholipids (APL), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid (A1γ). 27189475 7 13 theme unknown 919:925 arg1 phospholipids 933:945 two unknown amino phospholipids 915:945 two unknown amino phospholipids (APL) 915:951 The main polar lipids of LNUB461T included phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and two unknown amino phospholipids (APL), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid (A1γ). 27189475 7 14 theme amino 927:931 arg1 APL 948:950 APL 948:950 APL 948:950 The main polar lipids of LNUB461T included phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and two unknown amino phospholipids (APL), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid (A1γ). 27189475 7 14 theme amino 927:931 arg1 phospholipids 933:945 two unknown amino phospholipids 915:945 two unknown amino phospholipids (APL) 915:951 The main polar lipids of LNUB461T included phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and two unknown amino phospholipids (APL), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid (A1γ). 27189475 7 15 theme LNUB461T 810:817 arg1 lipids 800:805 The main polar lipids 785:805 The main polar lipids of LNUB461T 785:817 The main polar lipids of LNUB461T included phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and two unknown amino phospholipids (APL), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid (A1γ). 27189475 2 16 theme soil 125:128 arg1 sample 130:135 soil sample 125:135 soil sample taken from the countryside of Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China 125:200 A novel bacterial strain, designated as LNUB461T, was isolated from soil sample taken from the countryside of Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. 27189475 3 17 theme Gram-stain-positive 221:239 arg1 bacterium 295:303 a Gram-stain-positive, aerobiotic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 219:303 a Gram-stain-positive, aerobiotic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 219:303 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobiotic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium. 27189475 3 17 theme Gram-stain-positive 221:239 arg1 isolate 207:213 The isolate 203:213 The isolate 203:213 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobiotic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium. 27189475 5 18 theme high 472:475 arg1 similarity 486:495 high sequence similarity 472:495 high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %) 472:678 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 5 19 theme Paenibacillus 593:605 arg1 DS-1T 622:626 Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T 593:626 Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) 593:635 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 5 19 theme Paenibacillus 593:605 arg1 % 634:634 96.1 % 629:634 96.1 % 629:634 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 5 20 theme sequence 477:484 arg1 similarity 486:495 high sequence similarity 472:495 high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %) 472:678 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 0 21 theme Paenibacillusliaoningensis 0:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Paenibacillusliaoningensis sp 0:28 Paenibacillusliaoningensis sp. 0:29 Paenibacillusliaoningensis sp. 27189475 2 22 theme bacterial 65:73 arg1 strain 75:80 A novel bacterial strain 57:80 A novel bacterial strain 57:80 A novel bacterial strain, designated as LNUB461T, was isolated from soil sample taken from the countryside of Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. 27189475 5 23 theme lupini 655:660 arg1 RLAHU15T 662:669 Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T 641:669 Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %) 641:678 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 5 23 theme lupini 655:660 arg1 % 677:677 96.1 % 672:677 96.1 % 672:677 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 5 24 theme Paenibacillus 549:561 arg1 B538T 577:581 Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T 549:581 Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %) 549:590 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 5 24 theme Paenibacillus 549:561 arg1 % 589:589 96.8 % 584:589 96.8 % 584:589 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 5 25 theme full-length 428:438 arg1 sequence 454:461 the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence 417:461 the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence 417:461 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 2 26 theme novel 59:63 arg1 strain 75:80 A novel bacterial strain 57:80 A novel bacterial strain 57:80 A novel bacterial strain, designated as LNUB461T, was isolated from soil sample taken from the countryside of Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. 27189475 5 27 theme xinjiangensis 563:575 arg1 B538T 577:581 Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T 549:581 Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %) 549:590 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 5 27 theme xinjiangensis 563:575 arg1 % 589:589 96.8 % 584:589 96.8 % 584:589 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 5 28 theme 16S 440:442 arg1 sequence 454:461 the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence 417:461 the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence 417:461 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 6 29 theme only 725:728 arg1 menaquinone 730:740 the only menaquinone 721:740 the only menaquinone 721:740 The predominant cellular fatty acid and the only menaquinone were anteiso-C15:0 and MK-7, respectively. 27189475 6 29 theme only 725:728 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 747:759 anteiso-C15:0 747:759 anteiso-C15:0 747:759 The predominant cellular fatty acid and the only menaquinone were anteiso-C15:0 and MK-7, respectively. 27189475 3 30 theme motile 254:259 arg1 bacterium 295:303 a Gram-stain-positive, aerobiotic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 219:303 a Gram-stain-positive, aerobiotic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 219:303 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobiotic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium. 27189475 3 30 theme motile 254:259 arg1 isolate 207:213 The isolate 203:213 The isolate 203:213 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobiotic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium. 27189475 9 31 theme related 1139:1145 arg1 species 1147:1153 the most closely related species 1122:1153 the most closely related species (P. algorifonticola) 1122:1174 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between LNUB461T and the most closely related species (P. algorifonticola) was 41.8 %. 27189475 5 32 theme rRNA 444:447 arg1 sequence 454:461 the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence 417:461 the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence 417:461 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 10 33 theme genus 1279:1283 arg1 species 1264:1270 a novel species 1256:1270 a novel species 1256:1270 On the basis of these data, LNUB461T was classified as representing a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus liaoningensis sp. 27189475 5 34 theme gene 449:452 arg1 sequence 454:461 the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence 417:461 the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence 417:461 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 3 35 theme aerobiotic 242:251 arg1 bacterium 295:303 a Gram-stain-positive, aerobiotic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 219:303 a Gram-stain-positive, aerobiotic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 219:303 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobiotic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium. 27189475 3 35 theme aerobiotic 242:251 arg1 isolate 207:213 The isolate 203:213 The isolate 203:213 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobiotic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium. 27189475 7 36 theme cell-wall 962:970 arg1 peptidoglycan 972:984 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 958:984 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 958:984 The main polar lipids of LNUB461T included phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and two unknown amino phospholipids (APL), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid (A1γ). 27189475 7 36 theme cell-wall 962:970 arg1 acid 1010:1013 meso-diaminopimelic acid 990:1013 meso-diaminopimelic acid (A1γ) 990:1019 The main polar lipids of LNUB461T included phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and two unknown amino phospholipids (APL), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid (A1γ). 27189475 2 37 theme China 196:200 arg1 countryside 152:162 the countryside 148:162 the countryside of Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China 148:200 A novel bacterial strain, designated as LNUB461T, was isolated from soil sample taken from the countryside of Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. 27189475 8 38 theme DNA 1026:1028 arg1 content 1034:1040 The DNA G+C content 1022:1040 The DNA G+C content of LNUB461T 1022:1052 The DNA G+C content of LNUB461T was 49.1 mol%. 27189475 8 38 theme DNA 1026:1028 arg1 % 1066:1066 49.1 mol% 1058:1066 49.1 mol% 1058:1066 The DNA G+C content of LNUB461T was 49.1 mol%. 27189475 7 39 theme meso-diaminopimelic 990:1008 arg1 A1γ 1016:1018 A1γ 1016:1018 A1γ 1016:1018 The main polar lipids of LNUB461T included phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and two unknown amino phospholipids (APL), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid (A1γ). 27189475 7 39 theme meso-diaminopimelic 990:1008 arg1 peptidoglycan 972:984 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 958:984 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 958:984 The main polar lipids of LNUB461T included phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and two unknown amino phospholipids (APL), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid (A1γ). 27189475 7 39 theme meso-diaminopimelic 990:1008 arg1 acid 1010:1013 meso-diaminopimelic acid 990:1013 meso-diaminopimelic acid (A1γ) 990:1019 The main polar lipids of LNUB461T included phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and two unknown amino phospholipids (APL), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid (A1γ). 27189475 3 40 theme rod-shaped 284:293 arg1 bacterium 295:303 a Gram-stain-positive, aerobiotic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 219:303 a Gram-stain-positive, aerobiotic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 219:303 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobiotic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium. 27189475 3 40 theme rod-shaped 284:293 arg1 isolate 207:213 The isolate 203:213 The isolate 203:213 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobiotic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium. 27189475 6 41 theme fatty 706:710 arg1 acid 712:715 The predominant cellular fatty acid 681:715 The predominant cellular fatty acid 681:715 The predominant cellular fatty acid and the only menaquinone were anteiso-C15:0 and MK-7, respectively. 27189475 6 41 theme fatty 706:710 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 747:759 anteiso-C15:0 747:759 anteiso-C15:0 747:759 The predominant cellular fatty acid and the only menaquinone were anteiso-C15:0 and MK-7, respectively. 27189475 5 42 theme glycanilyticus 607:620 arg1 DS-1T 622:626 Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T 593:626 Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) 593:635 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 5 42 theme glycanilyticus 607:620 arg1 % 634:634 96.1 % 629:634 96.1 % 629:634 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 10 43 theme Paenibacillus 1285:1297 arg1 genus 1279:1283 the genus Paenibacillus 1275:1297 the genus Paenibacillus 1275:1297 On the basis of these data, LNUB461T was classified as representing a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus liaoningensis sp. 27189475 5 44 theme Paenibacillus 641:653 arg1 RLAHU15T 662:669 Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T 641:669 Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %) 641:678 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 5 44 theme Paenibacillus 641:653 arg1 % 677:677 96.1 % 672:677 96.1 % 672:677 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 4 45 theme NaCl 380:383 arg1 absence 369:375 the absence 365:375 the absence of NaCl 365:383 The organism grew optimally at 30-33 °C, pH 6.5-7.0 and in the absence of NaCl. 27189475 6 46 theme cellular 697:704 arg1 acid 712:715 The predominant cellular fatty acid 681:715 The predominant cellular fatty acid 681:715 The predominant cellular fatty acid and the only menaquinone were anteiso-C15:0 and MK-7, respectively. 27189475 6 46 theme cellular 697:704 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 747:759 anteiso-C15:0 747:759 anteiso-C15:0 747:759 The predominant cellular fatty acid and the only menaquinone were anteiso-C15:0 and MK-7, respectively. 27189475 3 47 theme endospore-forming 262:278 arg1 bacterium 295:303 a Gram-stain-positive, aerobiotic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 219:303 a Gram-stain-positive, aerobiotic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 219:303 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobiotic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium. 27189475 3 47 theme endospore-forming 262:278 arg1 isolate 207:213 The isolate 203:213 The isolate 203:213 The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobiotic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium. 27189475 12 48 theme type 1373:1376 arg1 LNUB461T 1388:1395 LNUB461T 1388:1395 LNUB461T (=JCM 30712T=CGMCC 1.15101T) 1388:1424 The type strain is LNUB461T (=JCM 30712T=CGMCC 1.15101T). 27189475 12 48 theme type 1373:1376 arg1 strain 1378:1383 The type strain 1369:1383 The type strain 1369:1383 The type strain is LNUB461T (=JCM 30712T=CGMCC 1.15101T). 27189475 6 49 theme predominant 685:695 arg1 acid 712:715 The predominant cellular fatty acid 681:715 The predominant cellular fatty acid 681:715 The predominant cellular fatty acid and the only menaquinone were anteiso-C15:0 and MK-7, respectively. 27189475 6 49 theme predominant 685:695 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 747:759 anteiso-C15:0 747:759 anteiso-C15:0 747:759 The predominant cellular fatty acid and the only menaquinone were anteiso-C15:0 and MK-7, respectively. 27189475 7 50 theme main 789:792 arg1 lipids 800:805 The main polar lipids 785:805 The main polar lipids of LNUB461T 785:817 The main polar lipids of LNUB461T included phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and two unknown amino phospholipids (APL), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid (A1γ). 27189475 7 51 theme polar 794:798 arg1 lipids 800:805 The main polar lipids 785:805 The main polar lipids of LNUB461T 785:817 The main polar lipids of LNUB461T included phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and two unknown amino phospholipids (APL), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid (A1γ). 27189475 5 52 with similarity 486:495 arg1 XJ259T 532:537 Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T 502:537 Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %) 502:546 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 5 52 with similarity 486:495 arg1 % 677:677 96.1 % 672:677 96.1 % 672:677 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 5 52 with similarity 486:495 arg1 B538T 577:581 Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T 549:581 Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %) 549:590 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 5 52 with similarity 486:495 arg1 % 545:545 98.5 % 540:545 98.5 % 540:545 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 5 52 with similarity 486:495 arg1 DS-1T 622:626 Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T 593:626 Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) 593:635 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 5 52 with similarity 486:495 arg1 % 589:589 96.8 % 584:589 96.8 % 584:589 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 5 52 with similarity 486:495 arg1 RLAHU15T 662:669 Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T 641:669 Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %) 641:678 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 5 52 with similarity 486:495 arg1 % 634:634 96.1 % 629:634 96.1 % 629:634 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 8 53 theme LNUB461T 1045:1052 arg1 content 1034:1040 The DNA G+C content 1022:1040 The DNA G+C content of LNUB461T 1022:1052 The DNA G+C content of LNUB461T was 49.1 mol%. 27189475 8 53 theme LNUB461T 1045:1052 arg1 % 1066:1066 49.1 mol% 1058:1066 49.1 mol% 1058:1066 The DNA G+C content of LNUB461T was 49.1 mol%. 27189475 5 54 theme Paenibacillus 502:514 arg1 XJ259T 532:537 Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T 502:537 Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %) 502:546 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 5 54 theme Paenibacillus 502:514 arg1 % 545:545 98.5 % 540:545 98.5 % 540:545 Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). 27189475 2 55 attach isolated 111:118 arg1 sample 130:135 soil sample 125:135 soil sample taken from the countryside of Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China 125:200 A novel bacterial strain, designated as LNUB461T, was isolated from soil sample taken from the countryside of Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. 27189475 2 55 attach isolated 111:118 arg2 strain 75:80 A novel bacterial strain 57:80 A novel bacterial strain 57:80 A novel bacterial strain, designated as LNUB461T, was isolated from soil sample taken from the countryside of Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. 27189475 9 56 dep species 1147:1153 arg1 algorifonticola 1159:1173 P. algorifonticola 1156:1173 P. algorifonticola 1156:1173 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between LNUB461T and the most closely related species (P. algorifonticola) was 41.8 %. 28555107 3 0 from fermentation 481:492 arg1 exopolysaccharide 437:453 An exopolysaccharide 434:453 An exopolysaccharide from a submerged mycelial fermentation of S. commune 434:506 Methods: An exopolysaccharide from a submerged mycelial fermentation of S. commune was obtained using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-150 chromatography. 28555107 6 1 theme glucose 1085:1091 arg1 amount 1075:1080 high amount 1070:1080 high amount of glucose 1070:1091 The exopolysaccharide contained a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone, (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain, and high amount of glucose. 28555107 6 1 theme glucose 1085:1091 arg1 chain 1059:1063 glycosidic side chain 1043:1063 glycosidic side chain 1043:1063 The exopolysaccharide contained a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone, (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain, and high amount of glucose. 28555107 6 1 theme glucose 1085:1091 arg1 backbone 1015:1022 a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone 994:1022 a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone 994:1022 The exopolysaccharide contained a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone, (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain, and high amount of glucose. 28555107 6 1 theme glucose 1085:1091 arg1 glucose 1085:1091 glucose 1085:1091 glucose 1085:1091 The exopolysaccharide contained a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone, (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain, and high amount of glucose. 28555107 6 1 theme glucose 1085:1091 arg1 1→4 1026:1028 (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain 1025:1063 1→4 1026:1028 The exopolysaccharide contained a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone, (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain, and high amount of glucose. 28555107 9 2 from application 1609:1619 arg1 cancer 1670:1675 cancer 1670:1675 cancer 1670:1675 Conclusion: It indicated significant anti-inflammatory effects, which showed that exopolysaccharide might be exploited as an effective anti-inflammatory agent for application in NO-related disorders such as inflammation and cancer. 28555107 9 2 from application 1609:1619 arg1 disorders 1635:1643 NO-related disorders 1624:1643 NO-related disorders such as inflammation and cancer 1624:1675 Conclusion: It indicated significant anti-inflammatory effects, which showed that exopolysaccharide might be exploited as an effective anti-inflammatory agent for application in NO-related disorders such as inflammation and cancer. 28555107 9 2 from application 1609:1619 arg1 inflammation 1653:1664 inflammation 1653:1664 inflammation 1653:1664 Conclusion: It indicated significant anti-inflammatory effects, which showed that exopolysaccharide might be exploited as an effective anti-inflammatory agent for application in NO-related disorders such as inflammation and cancer. 28555107 4 3 theme molecular 584:592 arg1 weight 594:599 The molecular weight 580:599 The molecular weight (MW) 580:604 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 4 3 theme molecular 584:592 arg1 MW 602:603 MW 602:603 MW 602:603 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 9 4 theme anti-inflammatory 1483:1499 arg1 effects 1501:1507 significant anti-inflammatory effects 1471:1507 significant anti-inflammatory effects 1471:1507 Conclusion: It indicated significant anti-inflammatory effects, which showed that exopolysaccharide might be exploited as an effective anti-inflammatory agent for application in NO-related disorders such as inflammation and cancer. 28555107 9 5 theme effective 1571:1579 arg1 agent 1599:1603 an effective anti-inflammatory agent 1568:1603 an effective anti-inflammatory agent for application in NO-related disorders such as inflammation and cancer 1568:1675 Conclusion: It indicated significant anti-inflammatory effects, which showed that exopolysaccharide might be exploited as an effective anti-inflammatory agent for application in NO-related disorders such as inflammation and cancer. 28555107 9 5 theme effective 1571:1579 arg1 exopolysaccharide 1528:1544 exopolysaccharide 1528:1544 exopolysaccharide 1528:1544 Conclusion: It indicated significant anti-inflammatory effects, which showed that exopolysaccharide might be exploited as an effective anti-inflammatory agent for application in NO-related disorders such as inflammation and cancer. 28555107 8 6 from levels 1398:1403 arg1 cells 1412:1416 the cells 1408:1416 the cells 1408:1416 This exopolysaccharide significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited lipopolysaccharides-induced iNOS expression levels in the cells in a dose-dependent manner. 28555107 4 7 theme methylation 659:669 arg1 compositions 622:633 monosaccharide compositions 607:633 monosaccharide compositions 607:633 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 4 7 theme methylation 659:669 arg1 analysis 671:678 methylation analysis 659:678 methylation analysis 659:678 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 0 8 theme commune 122:128 arg1 Culture 97:103 Submerged Mycelial Culture 78:103 Submerged Mycelial Culture of Schizophyllum commune 78:128 Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of an Exopolysaccharide from Submerged Mycelial Culture of Schizophyllum commune. 28555107 0 9 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 Culture 97:103 Submerged Mycelial Culture 78:103 Submerged Mycelial Culture of Schizophyllum commune 78:128 Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of an Exopolysaccharide from Submerged Mycelial Culture of Schizophyllum commune. 28555107 2 10 theme exopolysaccharide 347:363 arg1 structure 286:294 The structure characterization and anti-inflammatory activity 282:342 structure 286:294 The structure characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide from Schizophyllum commune were evaluated in present study. 28555107 2 10 theme exopolysaccharide 347:363 arg1 activity 335:342 anti-inflammatory activity 317:342 anti-inflammatory activity 317:342 The structure characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide from Schizophyllum commune were evaluated in present study. 28555107 2 11 from commune 384:390 arg1 structure 286:294 The structure characterization and anti-inflammatory activity 282:342 structure 286:294 The structure characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide from Schizophyllum commune were evaluated in present study. 28555107 2 11 from commune 384:390 arg1 activity 335:342 anti-inflammatory activity 317:342 anti-inflammatory activity 317:342 The structure characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide from Schizophyllum commune were evaluated in present study. 28555107 4 12 theme circular 681:688 arg1 studies 700:706 circular dichroism studies 681:706 circular dichroism studies 681:706 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 4 12 theme circular 681:688 arg1 compositions 622:633 monosaccharide compositions 607:633 monosaccharide compositions 607:633 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 0 13 theme Schizophyllum 108:120 arg1 commune 122:128 Schizophyllum commune 108:128 Schizophyllum commune 108:128 Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of an Exopolysaccharide from Submerged Mycelial Culture of Schizophyllum commune. 28555107 4 14 theme atomic 832:837 arg1 microscopy 845:854 atomic force microscopy 832:854 atomic force microscopy 832:854 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 6 15 theme glycosidic 1043:1052 arg1 chain 1059:1063 glycosidic side chain 1043:1063 glycosidic side chain 1043:1063 The exopolysaccharide contained a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone, (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain, and high amount of glucose. 28555107 6 15 theme glycosidic 1043:1052 arg1 backbone 1015:1022 a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone 994:1022 a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone 994:1022 The exopolysaccharide contained a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone, (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain, and high amount of glucose. 28555107 7 16 theme inducible 1210:1218 arg1 iNOS 1243:1246 iNOS 1243:1246 iNOS 1243:1246 The anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide was assessed by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 5- lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from macrophages. 28555107 7 16 theme inducible 1210:1218 arg1 synthase 1233:1240 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1210:1240 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 1210:1247 The anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide was assessed by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 5- lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from macrophages. 28555107 7 17 theme exopolysaccharide 1128:1144 arg1 activity 1116:1123 The anti-inflammatory activity 1094:1123 The anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide 1094:1144 The anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide was assessed by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 5- lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from macrophages. 28555107 8 18 theme iNOS 1382:1385 arg1 levels 1398:1403 lipopolysaccharides-induced iNOS expression levels 1354:1403 lipopolysaccharides-induced iNOS expression levels in the cells 1354:1416 This exopolysaccharide significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited lipopolysaccharides-induced iNOS expression levels in the cells in a dose-dependent manner. 28555107 5 19 theme kDa 957:959 arg1 MW 945:946 MW 945:946 MW of 2,900 kDa 945:959 Results: It was a homogeneous protein-bound heteropolysaccharide with MW of 2,900 kDa. 28555107 2 20 dep structure 286:294 arg1 characterization 296:311 characterization 296:311 characterization 296:311 The structure characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide from Schizophyllum commune were evaluated in present study. 28555107 7 21 theme nitric 1220:1225 arg1 iNOS 1243:1246 iNOS 1243:1246 iNOS 1243:1246 The anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide was assessed by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 5- lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from macrophages. 28555107 7 21 theme nitric 1220:1225 arg1 synthase 1233:1240 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1210:1240 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 1210:1247 The anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide was assessed by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 5- lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from macrophages. 28555107 2 22 theme anti-inflammatory 317:333 arg1 activity 335:342 anti-inflammatory activity 317:342 anti-inflammatory activity 317:342 The structure characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide from Schizophyllum commune were evaluated in present study. 28555107 1 23 theme food 208:211 arg1 fields 230:235 food and pharmacology fields 208:235 food and pharmacology fields because of their many biological activities 208:279 Background and Purpose: Mushroom polysaccharides have attracted attention in food and pharmacology fields because of their many biological activities. 28555107 3 24 theme commune 500:506 arg1 fermentation 481:492 a submerged mycelial fermentation 460:492 a submerged mycelial fermentation of S. commune 460:506 Methods: An exopolysaccharide from a submerged mycelial fermentation of S. commune was obtained using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-150 chromatography. 28555107 3 25 theme submerged 462:470 arg1 fermentation 481:492 a submerged mycelial fermentation 460:492 a submerged mycelial fermentation of S. commune 460:506 Methods: An exopolysaccharide from a submerged mycelial fermentation of S. commune was obtained using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-150 chromatography. 28555107 4 26 theme chemical 636:643 arg1 compositions 622:633 monosaccharide compositions 607:633 monosaccharide compositions 607:633 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 4 26 theme chemical 636:643 arg1 compositions 645:656 chemical compositions 636:656 chemical compositions 636:656 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 4 27 theme magnetic 758:765 arg1 NMR 778:780 NMR 778:780 NMR 778:780 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 4 27 theme magnetic 758:765 arg1 resonance 767:775 nuclear magnetic resonance 750:775 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 750:789 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 8 28 theme expression 1387:1396 arg1 levels 1398:1403 lipopolysaccharides-induced iNOS expression levels 1354:1403 lipopolysaccharides-induced iNOS expression levels in the cells 1354:1416 This exopolysaccharide significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited lipopolysaccharides-induced iNOS expression levels in the cells in a dose-dependent manner. 28555107 1 29 theme pharmacology 217:228 arg1 fields 230:235 food and pharmacology fields 208:235 food and pharmacology fields because of their many biological activities 208:279 Background and Purpose: Mushroom polysaccharides have attracted attention in food and pharmacology fields because of their many biological activities. 28555107 4 30 theme dichroism 690:698 arg1 studies 700:706 circular dichroism studies 681:706 circular dichroism studies 681:706 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 4 30 theme dichroism 690:698 arg1 compositions 622:633 monosaccharide compositions 607:633 monosaccharide compositions 607:633 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 7 31 from macrophages 1283:1293 arg1 production 1177:1186 the production 1173:1186 the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 5- lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from macrophages 1173:1293 The anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide was assessed by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 5- lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from macrophages. 28555107 2 32 theme Schizophyllum 370:382 arg1 commune 384:390 Schizophyllum commune 370:390 Schizophyllum commune 370:390 The structure characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide from Schizophyllum commune were evaluated in present study. 28555107 9 33 theme significant 1471:1481 arg1 effects 1501:1507 significant anti-inflammatory effects 1471:1507 significant anti-inflammatory effects 1471:1507 Conclusion: It indicated significant anti-inflammatory effects, which showed that exopolysaccharide might be exploited as an effective anti-inflammatory agent for application in NO-related disorders such as inflammation and cancer. 28555107 4 34 theme infrared 727:734 arg1 spectroscopy 736:747 infrared spectroscopy 727:747 infrared spectroscopy 727:747 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 0 35 theme Anti-Inflammatory 21:37 arg1 Potential 39:47 Anti-Inflammatory Potential 21:47 Anti-Inflammatory Potential 21:47 Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of an Exopolysaccharide from Submerged Mycelial Culture of Schizophyllum commune. 28555107 7 36 theme anti-inflammatory 1098:1114 arg1 activity 1116:1123 The anti-inflammatory activity 1094:1123 The anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide 1094:1144 The anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide was assessed by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 5- lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from macrophages. 28555107 9 37 theme NO-related 1624:1633 arg1 cancer 1670:1675 cancer 1670:1675 cancer 1670:1675 Conclusion: It indicated significant anti-inflammatory effects, which showed that exopolysaccharide might be exploited as an effective anti-inflammatory agent for application in NO-related disorders such as inflammation and cancer. 28555107 9 37 theme NO-related 1624:1633 arg1 disorders 1635:1643 NO-related disorders 1624:1643 NO-related disorders such as inflammation and cancer 1624:1675 Conclusion: It indicated significant anti-inflammatory effects, which showed that exopolysaccharide might be exploited as an effective anti-inflammatory agent for application in NO-related disorders such as inflammation and cancer. 28555107 9 37 theme NO-related 1624:1633 arg1 inflammation 1653:1664 inflammation 1653:1664 inflammation 1653:1664 Conclusion: It indicated significant anti-inflammatory effects, which showed that exopolysaccharide might be exploited as an effective anti-inflammatory agent for application in NO-related disorders such as inflammation and cancer. 28555107 7 38 theme oxide 1198:1202 arg1 production 1177:1186 the production 1173:1186 the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 5- lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from macrophages 1173:1293 The anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide was assessed by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 5- lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from macrophages. 28555107 3 39 theme Sephadex 549:556 arg1 chromatography 564:577 DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-150 chromatography 527:577 chromatography 564:577 Methods: An exopolysaccharide from a submerged mycelial fermentation of S. commune was obtained using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-150 chromatography. 28555107 7 40 theme nitric 1191:1196 arg1 NO 1205:1206 NO 1205:1206 NO 1205:1206 The anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide was assessed by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 5- lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from macrophages. 28555107 7 40 theme nitric 1191:1196 arg1 oxide 1198:1202 nitric oxide 1191:1202 nitric oxide (NO) 1191:1207 The anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide was assessed by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 5- lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from macrophages. 28555107 4 41 theme scanning 792:799 arg1 SEM 822:824 SEM 822:824 SEM 822:824 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 4 41 theme scanning 792:799 arg1 microscopy 810:819 scanning electron microscopy 792:819 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 792:825 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 0 42 from Culture 97:103 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of an Exopolysaccharide from Submerged Mycelial Culture of Schizophyllum commune. 28555107 0 42 from Culture 97:103 arg1 Potential 39:47 Anti-Inflammatory Potential 21:47 Anti-Inflammatory Potential 21:47 Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of an Exopolysaccharide from Submerged Mycelial Culture of Schizophyllum commune. 28555107 0 42 from Culture 97:103 arg1 Exopolysaccharide 55:71 an Exopolysaccharide 52:71 an Exopolysaccharide from Submerged Mycelial Culture of Schizophyllum commune 52:128 Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of an Exopolysaccharide from Submerged Mycelial Culture of Schizophyllum commune. 28555107 8 43 theme p 1334:1334 arg1 < 1336:1336 p < 0.05 1334:1341 p < 0.05 1334:1341 This exopolysaccharide significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited lipopolysaccharides-induced iNOS expression levels in the cells in a dose-dependent manner. 28555107 4 44 theme resonance 767:775 arg1 spectra 783:789 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 750:789 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 750:789 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 3 45 theme DEAE-52 527:533 arg1 cellulose 535:543 DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-150 chromatography 527:577 cellulose 535:543 Methods: An exopolysaccharide from a submerged mycelial fermentation of S. commune was obtained using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-150 chromatography. 28555107 3 46 theme S. 497:498 arg1 commune 500:506 S. commune 497:506 S. commune 497:506 Methods: An exopolysaccharide from a submerged mycelial fermentation of S. commune was obtained using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-150 chromatography. 28555107 5 47 with heteropolysaccharide 919:938 arg1 MW 945:946 MW 945:946 MW of 2,900 kDa 945:959 Results: It was a homogeneous protein-bound heteropolysaccharide with MW of 2,900 kDa. 28555107 6 48 contain contained 984:992 arg2 chain 1059:1063 glycosidic side chain 1043:1063 glycosidic side chain 1043:1063 The exopolysaccharide contained a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone, (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain, and high amount of glucose. 28555107 6 48 contain contained 984:992 arg2 glucose 1085:1091 glucose 1085:1091 glucose 1085:1091 The exopolysaccharide contained a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone, (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain, and high amount of glucose. 28555107 6 48 contain contained 984:992 arg2 backbone 1015:1022 a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone 994:1022 a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone 994:1022 The exopolysaccharide contained a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone, (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain, and high amount of glucose. 28555107 6 48 contain contained 984:992 arg1 exopolysaccharide 966:982 The exopolysaccharide 962:982 The exopolysaccharide 962:982 The exopolysaccharide contained a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone, (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain, and high amount of glucose. 28555107 6 48 contain contained 984:992 arg2 1→4 1026:1028 (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain 1025:1063 1→4 1026:1028 The exopolysaccharide contained a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone, (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain, and high amount of glucose. 28555107 6 48 contain contained 984:992 arg2 amount 1075:1080 high amount 1070:1080 high amount of glucose 1070:1091 The exopolysaccharide contained a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone, (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain, and high amount of glucose. 28555107 6 49 theme glycosidic 1004:1013 arg1 chain 1059:1063 glycosidic side chain 1043:1063 glycosidic side chain 1043:1063 The exopolysaccharide contained a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone, (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain, and high amount of glucose. 28555107 6 49 theme glycosidic 1004:1013 arg1 backbone 1015:1022 a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone 994:1022 a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone 994:1022 The exopolysaccharide contained a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone, (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain, and high amount of glucose. 28555107 6 49 theme glycosidic 1004:1013 arg1 1→4 1026:1028 (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain 1025:1063 1→4 1026:1028 The exopolysaccharide contained a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone, (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain, and high amount of glucose. 28555107 3 50 theme mycelial 472:479 arg1 fermentation 481:492 a submerged mycelial fermentation 460:492 a submerged mycelial fermentation of S. commune 460:506 Methods: An exopolysaccharide from a submerged mycelial fermentation of S. commune was obtained using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-150 chromatography. 28555107 7 51 theme oxide 1227:1231 arg1 iNOS 1243:1246 iNOS 1243:1246 iNOS 1243:1246 The anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide was assessed by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 5- lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from macrophages. 28555107 7 51 theme oxide 1227:1231 arg1 synthase 1233:1240 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1210:1240 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 1210:1247 The anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide was assessed by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 5- lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from macrophages. 28555107 8 52 theme dose-dependent 1423:1436 arg1 manner 1438:1443 a dose-dependent manner 1421:1443 a dose-dependent manner 1421:1443 This exopolysaccharide significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited lipopolysaccharides-induced iNOS expression levels in the cells in a dose-dependent manner. 28555107 4 53 theme electron 801:808 arg1 SEM 822:824 SEM 822:824 SEM 822:824 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 4 53 theme electron 801:808 arg1 microscopy 810:819 scanning electron microscopy 792:819 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 792:825 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 0 54 theme Exopolysaccharide 55:71 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of an Exopolysaccharide from Submerged Mycelial Culture of Schizophyllum commune. 28555107 0 54 theme Exopolysaccharide 55:71 arg1 Potential 39:47 Anti-Inflammatory Potential 21:47 Anti-Inflammatory Potential 21:47 Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of an Exopolysaccharide from Submerged Mycelial Culture of Schizophyllum commune. 28555107 4 55 dep compositions 622:633 arg1 transform 717:725 transform 717:725 transform infrared spectroscopy 717:747 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 9 56 theme anti-inflammatory 1581:1597 arg1 agent 1599:1603 an effective anti-inflammatory agent 1568:1603 an effective anti-inflammatory agent for application in NO-related disorders such as inflammation and cancer 1568:1675 Conclusion: It indicated significant anti-inflammatory effects, which showed that exopolysaccharide might be exploited as an effective anti-inflammatory agent for application in NO-related disorders such as inflammation and cancer. 28555107 9 56 theme anti-inflammatory 1581:1597 arg1 exopolysaccharide 1528:1544 exopolysaccharide 1528:1544 exopolysaccharide 1528:1544 Conclusion: It indicated significant anti-inflammatory effects, which showed that exopolysaccharide might be exploited as an effective anti-inflammatory agent for application in NO-related disorders such as inflammation and cancer. 28555107 7 57 theme synthase 1233:1240 arg1 production 1177:1186 the production 1173:1186 the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 5- lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from macrophages 1173:1293 The anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide was assessed by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 5- lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from macrophages. 28555107 2 58 theme present 410:416 arg1 study 418:422 present study 410:422 present study 410:422 The structure characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide from Schizophyllum commune were evaluated in present study. 28555107 4 59 theme monosaccharide 607:620 arg1 studies 700:706 circular dichroism studies 681:706 circular dichroism studies 681:706 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 4 59 theme monosaccharide 607:620 arg1 compositions 622:633 monosaccharide compositions 607:633 monosaccharide compositions 607:633 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 4 59 theme monosaccharide 607:620 arg1 compositions 645:656 chemical compositions 636:656 chemical compositions 636:656 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 4 59 theme monosaccharide 607:620 arg1 analysis 671:678 methylation analysis 659:678 methylation analysis 659:678 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 8 60 dep significantly 1319:1331 arg1 < 1336:1336 p < 0.05 1334:1341 p < 0.05 1334:1341 This exopolysaccharide significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited lipopolysaccharides-induced iNOS expression levels in the cells in a dose-dependent manner. 28555107 3 61 theme G-150 558:562 arg1 chromatography 564:577 DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-150 chromatography 527:577 chromatography 564:577 Methods: An exopolysaccharide from a submerged mycelial fermentation of S. commune was obtained using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-150 chromatography. 28555107 1 62 theme many 254:257 arg1 activities 270:279 their many biological activities 248:279 their many biological activities 248:279 Background and Purpose: Mushroom polysaccharides have attracted attention in food and pharmacology fields because of their many biological activities. 28555107 8 63 theme lipopolysaccharides-induced 1354:1380 arg1 levels 1398:1403 lipopolysaccharides-induced iNOS expression levels 1354:1403 lipopolysaccharides-induced iNOS expression levels in the cells 1354:1416 This exopolysaccharide significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited lipopolysaccharides-induced iNOS expression levels in the cells in a dose-dependent manner. 28555107 4 64 theme force 839:843 arg1 microscopy 845:854 atomic force microscopy 832:854 atomic force microscopy 832:854 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 1 65 theme Mushroom 155:162 arg1 polysaccharides 164:178 Mushroom polysaccharides 155:178 Mushroom polysaccharides 155:178 Background and Purpose: Mushroom polysaccharides have attracted attention in food and pharmacology fields because of their many biological activities. 28555107 1 66 theme biological 259:268 arg1 activities 270:279 their many biological activities 248:279 their many biological activities 248:279 Background and Purpose: Mushroom polysaccharides have attracted attention in food and pharmacology fields because of their many biological activities. 28555107 0 67 theme Mycelial 88:95 arg1 Culture 97:103 Submerged Mycelial Culture 78:103 Submerged Mycelial Culture of Schizophyllum commune 78:128 Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of an Exopolysaccharide from Submerged Mycelial Culture of Schizophyllum commune. 28555107 5 68 theme protein-bound 905:917 arg1 Results 875:881 Results 875:881 Results: It was a homogeneous protein-bound heteropolysaccharide with MW of 2,900 kDa. 875:960 Results: It was a homogeneous protein-bound heteropolysaccharide with MW of 2,900 kDa. 28555107 5 68 theme protein-bound 905:917 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 919:938 a homogeneous protein-bound heteropolysaccharide 891:938 a homogeneous protein-bound heteropolysaccharide with MW of 2,900 kDa 891:959 Results: It was a homogeneous protein-bound heteropolysaccharide with MW of 2,900 kDa. 28555107 5 68 theme protein-bound 905:917 arg1 It 884:885 It 884:885 It 884:885 Results: It was a homogeneous protein-bound heteropolysaccharide with MW of 2,900 kDa. 28555107 7 69 theme lipoxygenase 1257:1268 arg1 production 1177:1186 the production 1173:1186 the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 5- lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from macrophages 1173:1293 The anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide was assessed by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 5- lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from macrophages. 28555107 4 70 theme nuclear 750:756 arg1 NMR 778:780 NMR 778:780 NMR 778:780 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 4 70 theme nuclear 750:756 arg1 resonance 767:775 nuclear magnetic resonance 750:775 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 750:789 The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. 28555107 6 71 theme side 1054:1057 arg1 chain 1059:1063 glycosidic side chain 1043:1063 glycosidic side chain 1043:1063 The exopolysaccharide contained a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone, (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain, and high amount of glucose. 28555107 6 71 theme side 1054:1057 arg1 backbone 1015:1022 a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone 994:1022 a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone 994:1022 The exopolysaccharide contained a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone, (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain, and high amount of glucose. 28555107 0 72 theme Submerged 78:86 arg1 Culture 97:103 Submerged Mycelial Culture 78:103 Submerged Mycelial Culture of Schizophyllum commune 78:128 Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of an Exopolysaccharide from Submerged Mycelial Culture of Schizophyllum commune. 28555107 0 73 from Potential 39:47 arg1 Culture 97:103 Submerged Mycelial Culture 78:103 Submerged Mycelial Culture of Schizophyllum commune 78:128 Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of an Exopolysaccharide from Submerged Mycelial Culture of Schizophyllum commune. 28555107 5 74 theme homogeneous 893:903 arg1 Results 875:881 Results 875:881 Results: It was a homogeneous protein-bound heteropolysaccharide with MW of 2,900 kDa. 875:960 Results: It was a homogeneous protein-bound heteropolysaccharide with MW of 2,900 kDa. 28555107 5 74 theme homogeneous 893:903 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 919:938 a homogeneous protein-bound heteropolysaccharide 891:938 a homogeneous protein-bound heteropolysaccharide with MW of 2,900 kDa 891:959 Results: It was a homogeneous protein-bound heteropolysaccharide with MW of 2,900 kDa. 28555107 5 74 theme homogeneous 893:903 arg1 It 884:885 It 884:885 It 884:885 Results: It was a homogeneous protein-bound heteropolysaccharide with MW of 2,900 kDa. 28555107 1 75 dep Background 131:140 arg1 attracted 185:193 attracted 185:193 have attracted attention in food and pharmacology fields because of their many biological activities 180:279 Background and Purpose: Mushroom polysaccharides have attracted attention in food and pharmacology fields because of their many biological activities. 28555107 6 76 theme high 1070:1073 arg1 amount 1075:1080 high amount 1070:1080 high amount of glucose 1070:1091 The exopolysaccharide contained a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone, (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain, and high amount of glucose. 28555107 6 76 theme high 1070:1073 arg1 glucose 1085:1091 glucose 1085:1091 glucose 1085:1091 The exopolysaccharide contained a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone, (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain, and high amount of glucose. 26089666 4 0 theme tropical 344:351 arg1 Verlot 325:330 Verlot 325:330 Verlot 325:330 B. Verlot is a native tropical American vine with healing properties employed in folk medicine for wound healing, inflammation, and gastrointestinal colic. 26089666 4 0 theme tropical 344:351 arg1 vine 362:365 a native tropical American vine 335:365 a native tropical American vine with healing properties employed in folk medicine for wound healing, inflammation, and gastrointestinal colic 335:475 B. Verlot is a native tropical American vine with healing properties employed in folk medicine for wound healing, inflammation, and gastrointestinal colic. 26089666 9 1 theme hydrodynamic 1242:1253 arg1 diameter 1255:1262 an average hydrodynamic diameter 1231:1262 an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm 1231:1275 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 7 2 theme Zetasizer 949:957 arg1 ZS 964:965 a Zetasizer Nano ZS 947:965 a Zetasizer Nano ZS 947:965 Particle size and zeta potential were measured using a Zetasizer Nano ZS. 26089666 6 3 theme tripolyphosphate 807:822 arg1 NPs 839:841 NPs 839:841 NPs 839:841 The present study reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE). 26089666 6 3 theme tripolyphosphate 807:822 arg1 nanoparticles 824:836 chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles 791:836 chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE) 791:891 The present study reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE). 26089666 14 4 theme A. 1818:1819 arg1 extract 1827:1833 A. chica extract 1818:1833 A. chica extract 1818:1833 NPs loaded with A. chica extract reduced the ulcerative lesion index using lower doses compared with the free extract, suggesting that extract encapsulation in chitosan NPs allowed for a dose reduction for a gastroprotective effect. 26089666 2 5 dep chica 299:303 arg1 Humb 306:309 Humb 306:309 Humb 306:309 Arrabidaea chica (Humb. 26089666 9 6 theme nm 1274:1275 arg1 potential 1288:1296 a zeta potential 1281:1296 a zeta potential of +45±2 mV 1281:1308 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 9 6 theme nm 1274:1275 arg1 diameter 1255:1262 an average hydrodynamic diameter 1231:1262 an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm 1231:1275 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 5 7 theme advantageous 536:547 arg1 strategy 549:556 an advantageous strategy 533:556 an advantageous strategy for herbal drugs considering the numerous features that nanostructured systems offer, including solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacological activity enhancement 533:722 Applying nanotechnology to plant extracts has revealed an advantageous strategy for herbal drugs considering the numerous features that nanostructured systems offer, including solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacological activity enhancement. 26089666 1 8 theme considerable 211:222 arg1 attention 224:232 considerable attention 211:232 considerable attention 211:232 Natural products using plants have received considerable attention because of their potential to treat various diseases. 26089666 5 9 theme activity 703:710 arg1 enhancement 712:722 pharmacological activity enhancement 687:722 pharmacological activity enhancement 687:722 Applying nanotechnology to plant extracts has revealed an advantageous strategy for herbal drugs considering the numerous features that nanostructured systems offer, including solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacological activity enhancement. 26089666 6 10 theme standardized 866:877 arg1 extract 879:885 A. chica standardized extract 857:885 A. chica standardized extract (AcE) 857:891 The present study reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE). 26089666 6 10 theme standardized 866:877 arg1 AcE 888:890 AcE 888:890 AcE 888:890 The present study reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE). 26089666 13 11 theme Antiulcerogenic 1664:1678 arg1 activity 1680:1687 Antiulcerogenic activity 1664:1687 Antiulcerogenic activity of AcE-NP 1664:1697 Antiulcerogenic activity of AcE-NP was also evaluated with an acute gastric ulcer experimental model induced by ethanol and indomethacin. 26089666 7 12 theme zeta 912:915 arg1 potential 917:925 zeta potential 912:925 zeta potential 912:925 Particle size and zeta potential were measured using a Zetasizer Nano ZS. 26089666 4 13 theme folk 403:406 arg1 medicine 408:415 folk medicine 403:415 folk medicine 403:415 B. Verlot is a native tropical American vine with healing properties employed in folk medicine for wound healing, inflammation, and gastrointestinal colic. 26089666 0 14 theme antiulcerogenic 141:155 arg1 activity 157:164 antiulcerogenic activity 141:164 antiulcerogenic activity 141:164 Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity. 26089666 0 14 theme antiulcerogenic 141:155 arg1 nanoparticles 26:38 Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles 0:38 Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity. 0:165 Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity. 26089666 9 15 theme tripolyphosphate 1102:1117 arg1 condition 1184:1192 the best condition 1175:1192 the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV 1175:1308 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 9 15 theme tripolyphosphate 1102:1117 arg1 ratio 1146:1150 volume ratio 1139:1150 volume ratio of 10 1139:1156 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 9 15 theme tripolyphosphate 1102:1117 arg1 ratio 1124:1128 the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio 1082:1128 the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 1082:1133 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 14 16 theme free 1907:1910 arg1 extract 1912:1918 the free extract 1903:1918 the free extract 1903:1918 NPs loaded with A. chica extract reduced the ulcerative lesion index using lower doses compared with the free extract, suggesting that extract encapsulation in chitosan NPs allowed for a dose reduction for a gastroprotective effect. 26089666 9 17 theme 5 1133:1133 arg1 condition 1184:1192 the best condition 1175:1192 the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV 1175:1308 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 9 17 theme 5 1133:1133 arg1 ratio 1146:1150 volume ratio 1139:1150 volume ratio of 10 1139:1156 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 9 17 theme 5 1133:1133 arg1 ratio 1124:1128 the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio 1082:1128 the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 1082:1133 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 1 18 theme Natural 167:173 arg1 products 175:182 Natural products 167:182 Natural products using plants 167:195 Natural products using plants have received considerable attention because of their potential to treat various diseases. 26089666 9 19 theme volume 1139:1144 arg1 condition 1184:1192 the best condition 1175:1192 the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV 1175:1308 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 9 19 theme volume 1139:1144 arg1 ratio 1146:1150 volume ratio 1139:1150 volume ratio of 10 1139:1156 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 9 19 theme volume 1139:1144 arg1 ratio 1124:1128 the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio 1082:1128 the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 1082:1133 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 15 20 dep A. 2107:2108 arg1 chica 2110:2114 chica 2110:2114 chica 2110:2114 The AcE encapsulation offers an approach for further application of the A. chica extract that could be considered a potential candidate for ulcer-healing pharmaceutical systems. 26089666 12 21 theme higher 1641:1646 arg1 concentrations 1648:1661 higher concentrations 1641:1661 higher concentrations 1641:1661 AcE-NP demonstrated capability of maintaining cell viability at the lowest concentrations tested, stimulating cell proliferation at higher concentrations. 26089666 13 22 theme experimental 1746:1757 arg1 model 1759:1763 an acute gastric ulcer experimental model 1723:1763 an acute gastric ulcer experimental model induced by ethanol and indomethacin 1723:1799 Antiulcerogenic activity of AcE-NP was also evaluated with an acute gastric ulcer experimental model induced by ethanol and indomethacin. 26089666 5 23 theme nanostructured 614:627 arg1 systems 629:635 nanostructured systems 614:635 nanostructured systems 614:635 Applying nanotechnology to plant extracts has revealed an advantageous strategy for herbal drugs considering the numerous features that nanostructured systems offer, including solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacological activity enhancement. 26089666 15 24 theme potential 2151:2159 arg1 candidate 2161:2169 a potential candidate 2149:2169 a potential candidate for ulcer-healing pharmaceutical systems 2149:2210 The AcE encapsulation offers an approach for further application of the A. chica extract that could be considered a potential candidate for ulcer-healing pharmaceutical systems. 26089666 11 25 theme human 1485:1489 arg1 fibroblasts 1496:1506 human skin fibroblasts 1485:1506 human skin fibroblasts 1485:1506 The NP biocompatibility was evaluated using human skin fibroblasts. 26089666 0 26 theme Chitosan-tripolyphosphate 0:24 arg1 biocompatibility 119:134 biocompatibility 119:134 biocompatibility 119:134 Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity. 26089666 0 26 theme Chitosan-tripolyphosphate 0:24 arg1 characterization 101:116 characterization 101:116 characterization 101:116 Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity. 26089666 0 26 theme Chitosan-tripolyphosphate 0:24 arg1 synthesis 90:98 synthesis 90:98 synthesis 90:98 Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity. 26089666 0 26 theme Chitosan-tripolyphosphate 0:24 arg1 nanoparticles 26:38 Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles 0:38 Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity. 0:165 Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity. 26089666 0 26 theme Chitosan-tripolyphosphate 0:24 arg1 activity 157:164 antiulcerogenic activity 141:164 antiulcerogenic activity 141:164 Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity. 26089666 13 27 theme ulcer 1740:1744 arg1 model 1759:1763 an acute gastric ulcer experimental model 1723:1763 an acute gastric ulcer experimental model induced by ethanol and indomethacin 1723:1799 Antiulcerogenic activity of AcE-NP was also evaluated with an acute gastric ulcer experimental model induced by ethanol and indomethacin. 26089666 0 28 theme chica 54:58 arg1 carrier 81:87 Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier 43:87 Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier 43:87 Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity. 26089666 9 29 theme lowest 1209:1214 arg1 sizes 1219:1223 the lowest NP sizes 1205:1223 the lowest NP sizes 1205:1223 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 0 30 theme extract 73:79 arg1 carrier 81:87 Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier 43:87 Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier 43:87 Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity. 26089666 14 31 theme lower 1877:1881 arg1 doses 1883:1887 lower doses 1877:1887 lower doses 1877:1887 NPs loaded with A. chica extract reduced the ulcerative lesion index using lower doses compared with the free extract, suggesting that extract encapsulation in chitosan NPs allowed for a dose reduction for a gastroprotective effect. 26089666 8 32 theme scanning 1025:1032 arg1 microscopy 1043:1052 scanning electron microscopy 1025:1052 scanning electron microscopy 1025:1052 The NP morphological characteristics were observed using scanning electron microscopy. 26089666 13 33 theme acute 1726:1730 arg1 model 1759:1763 an acute gastric ulcer experimental model 1723:1763 an acute gastric ulcer experimental model induced by ethanol and indomethacin 1723:1799 Antiulcerogenic activity of AcE-NP was also evaluated with an acute gastric ulcer experimental model induced by ethanol and indomethacin. 26089666 14 34 from encapsulation 1945:1957 arg1 chitosan 1962:1969 chitosan 1962:1969 chitosan 1962:1969 NPs loaded with A. chica extract reduced the ulcerative lesion index using lower doses compared with the free extract, suggesting that extract encapsulation in chitosan NPs allowed for a dose reduction for a gastroprotective effect. 26089666 4 35 theme native 337:342 arg1 Verlot 325:330 Verlot 325:330 Verlot 325:330 B. Verlot is a native tropical American vine with healing properties employed in folk medicine for wound healing, inflammation, and gastrointestinal colic. 26089666 4 35 theme native 337:342 arg1 vine 362:365 a native tropical American vine 335:365 a native tropical American vine with healing properties employed in folk medicine for wound healing, inflammation, and gastrointestinal colic 335:475 B. Verlot is a native tropical American vine with healing properties employed in folk medicine for wound healing, inflammation, and gastrointestinal colic. 26089666 6 36 with charged 844:850 arg1 extract 879:885 A. chica standardized extract 857:885 A. chica standardized extract (AcE) 857:891 The present study reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE). 26089666 6 36 with charged 844:850 arg1 AcE 888:890 AcE 888:890 AcE 888:890 The present study reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE). 26089666 14 37 theme ulcerative 1847:1856 arg1 index 1865:1869 the ulcerative lesion index 1843:1869 the ulcerative lesion index using lower doses 1843:1887 NPs loaded with A. chica extract reduced the ulcerative lesion index using lower doses compared with the free extract, suggesting that extract encapsulation in chitosan NPs allowed for a dose reduction for a gastroprotective effect. 26089666 15 38 theme pharmaceutical 2189:2202 arg1 systems 2204:2210 ulcer-healing pharmaceutical systems 2175:2210 ulcer-healing pharmaceutical systems 2175:2210 The AcE encapsulation offers an approach for further application of the A. chica extract that could be considered a potential candidate for ulcer-healing pharmaceutical systems. 26089666 4 39 theme American 353:360 arg1 Verlot 325:330 Verlot 325:330 Verlot 325:330 B. Verlot is a native tropical American vine with healing properties employed in folk medicine for wound healing, inflammation, and gastrointestinal colic. 26089666 4 39 theme American 353:360 arg1 vine 362:365 a native tropical American vine 335:365 a native tropical American vine with healing properties employed in folk medicine for wound healing, inflammation, and gastrointestinal colic 335:475 B. Verlot is a native tropical American vine with healing properties employed in folk medicine for wound healing, inflammation, and gastrointestinal colic. 26089666 9 40 theme average 1234:1240 arg1 diameter 1255:1262 an average hydrodynamic diameter 1231:1262 an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm 1231:1275 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 14 41 dep NPs 1971:1973 arg1 allowed 1975:1981 allowed 1975:1981 NPs allowed for a dose reduction for a gastroprotective effect 1971:2032 NPs loaded with A. chica extract reduced the ulcerative lesion index using lower doses compared with the free extract, suggesting that extract encapsulation in chitosan NPs allowed for a dose reduction for a gastroprotective effect. 26089666 4 42 theme wound 421:425 arg1 healing 427:433 wound healing 421:433 wound healing 421:433 B. Verlot is a native tropical American vine with healing properties employed in folk medicine for wound healing, inflammation, and gastrointestinal colic. 26089666 6 43 dep A. 857:858 arg1 chica 860:864 chica 860:864 chica 860:864 The present study reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE). 26089666 13 44 theme AcE-NP 1692:1697 arg1 activity 1680:1687 Antiulcerogenic activity 1664:1687 Antiulcerogenic activity of AcE-NP 1664:1697 Antiulcerogenic activity of AcE-NP was also evaluated with an acute gastric ulcer experimental model induced by ethanol and indomethacin. 26089666 7 45 theme Nano 959:962 arg1 ZS 964:965 a Zetasizer Nano ZS 947:965 a Zetasizer Nano ZS 947:965 Particle size and zeta potential were measured using a Zetasizer Nano ZS. 26089666 14 46 theme chica 1821:1825 arg1 extract 1827:1833 A. chica extract 1818:1833 A. chica extract 1818:1833 NPs loaded with A. chica extract reduced the ulcerative lesion index using lower doses compared with the free extract, suggesting that extract encapsulation in chitosan NPs allowed for a dose reduction for a gastroprotective effect. 26089666 11 47 theme NP 1445:1446 arg1 biocompatibility 1448:1463 The NP biocompatibility 1441:1463 The NP biocompatibility 1441:1463 The NP biocompatibility was evaluated using human skin fibroblasts. 26089666 14 48 theme gastroprotective 2010:2025 arg1 effect 2027:2032 a gastroprotective effect 2008:2032 a gastroprotective effect 2008:2032 NPs loaded with A. chica extract reduced the ulcerative lesion index using lower doses compared with the free extract, suggesting that extract encapsulation in chitosan NPs allowed for a dose reduction for a gastroprotective effect. 26089666 5 49 theme pharmacological 687:701 arg1 enhancement 712:722 pharmacological activity enhancement 687:722 pharmacological activity enhancement 687:722 Applying nanotechnology to plant extracts has revealed an advantageous strategy for herbal drugs considering the numerous features that nanostructured systems offer, including solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacological activity enhancement. 26089666 15 50 theme ulcer-healing 2175:2187 arg1 systems 2204:2210 ulcer-healing pharmaceutical systems 2175:2210 ulcer-healing pharmaceutical systems 2175:2210 The AcE encapsulation offers an approach for further application of the A. chica extract that could be considered a potential candidate for ulcer-healing pharmaceutical systems. 26089666 9 51 theme zeta 1283:1286 arg1 potential 1288:1296 a zeta potential 1281:1296 a zeta potential of +45±2 mV 1281:1308 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 5 52 theme plant 505:509 arg1 extracts 511:518 plant extracts 505:518 plant extracts 505:518 Applying nanotechnology to plant extracts has revealed an advantageous strategy for herbal drugs considering the numerous features that nanostructured systems offer, including solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacological activity enhancement. 26089666 14 53 theme dose 1989:1992 arg1 reduction 1994:2002 a dose reduction 1987:2002 a dose reduction for a gastroprotective effect 1987:2032 NPs loaded with A. chica extract reduced the ulcerative lesion index using lower doses compared with the free extract, suggesting that extract encapsulation in chitosan NPs allowed for a dose reduction for a gastroprotective effect. 26089666 6 54 theme charged 844:850 arg1 NPs 839:841 NPs 839:841 NPs 839:841 The present study reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE). 26089666 6 54 theme charged 844:850 arg1 nanoparticles 824:836 chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles 791:836 chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE) 791:891 The present study reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE). 26089666 9 55 theme chitosan/sodium 1086:1100 arg1 condition 1184:1192 the best condition 1175:1192 the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV 1175:1308 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 9 55 theme chitosan/sodium 1086:1100 arg1 ratio 1146:1150 volume ratio 1139:1150 volume ratio of 10 1139:1156 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 9 55 theme chitosan/sodium 1086:1100 arg1 ratio 1124:1128 the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio 1082:1128 the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 1082:1133 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 10 56 theme Particle 1311:1318 arg1 size 1320:1323 Particle size 1311:1323 Particle size 1311:1323 Particle size decreased with AcE addition (60±10.2 nm), suggesting an interaction between the extract's composition and polymers. 26089666 9 57 theme mass 1119:1122 arg1 condition 1184:1192 the best condition 1175:1192 the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV 1175:1308 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 9 57 theme mass 1119:1122 arg1 ratio 1146:1150 volume ratio 1139:1150 volume ratio of 10 1139:1156 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 9 57 theme mass 1119:1122 arg1 ratio 1124:1128 the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio 1082:1128 the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 1082:1133 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 9 58 theme mV 1307:1308 arg1 potential 1288:1296 a zeta potential 1281:1296 a zeta potential of +45±2 mV 1281:1308 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 9 58 theme mV 1307:1308 arg1 diameter 1255:1262 an average hydrodynamic diameter 1231:1262 an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm 1231:1275 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 5 59 theme numerous 591:598 arg1 features 600:607 the numerous features 587:607 the numerous features that nanostructured systems offer 587:641 Applying nanotechnology to plant extracts has revealed an advantageous strategy for herbal drugs considering the numerous features that nanostructured systems offer, including solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacological activity enhancement. 26089666 6 60 theme present 729:735 arg1 study 737:741 The present study 725:741 The present study 725:741 The present study reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE). 26089666 4 61 theme gastrointestinal 454:469 arg1 colic 471:475 gastrointestinal colic 454:475 gastrointestinal colic 454:475 B. Verlot is a native tropical American vine with healing properties employed in folk medicine for wound healing, inflammation, and gastrointestinal colic. 26089666 5 62 theme herbal 562:567 arg1 drugs 569:573 herbal drugs 562:573 herbal drugs considering the numerous features that nanostructured systems offer 562:641 Applying nanotechnology to plant extracts has revealed an advantageous strategy for herbal drugs considering the numerous features that nanostructured systems offer, including solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacological activity enhancement. 26089666 5 62 theme herbal 562:567 arg1 solubility 654:663 solubility 654:663 solubility 654:663 Applying nanotechnology to plant extracts has revealed an advantageous strategy for herbal drugs considering the numerous features that nanostructured systems offer, including solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacological activity enhancement. 26089666 5 62 theme herbal 562:567 arg1 enhancement 712:722 pharmacological activity enhancement 687:722 pharmacological activity enhancement 687:722 Applying nanotechnology to plant extracts has revealed an advantageous strategy for herbal drugs considering the numerous features that nanostructured systems offer, including solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacological activity enhancement. 26089666 5 62 theme herbal 562:567 arg1 bioavailability 666:680 bioavailability 666:680 bioavailability 666:680 Applying nanotechnology to plant extracts has revealed an advantageous strategy for herbal drugs considering the numerous features that nanostructured systems offer, including solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacological activity enhancement. 26089666 14 63 theme extract 1937:1943 arg1 encapsulation 1945:1957 extract encapsulation 1937:1957 extract encapsulation in chitosan 1937:1969 NPs loaded with A. chica extract reduced the ulcerative lesion index using lower doses compared with the free extract, suggesting that extract encapsulation in chitosan NPs allowed for a dose reduction for a gastroprotective effect. 26089666 15 64 theme further 2080:2086 arg1 application 2088:2098 further application 2080:2098 further application of the A. chica extract that could be considered a potential candidate for ulcer-healing pharmaceutical systems 2080:2210 The AcE encapsulation offers an approach for further application of the A. chica extract that could be considered a potential candidate for ulcer-healing pharmaceutical systems. 26089666 4 65 with vine 362:365 arg1 properties 380:389 healing properties 372:389 healing properties employed in folk medicine for wound healing, inflammation, and gastrointestinal colic 372:475 B. Verlot is a native tropical American vine with healing properties employed in folk medicine for wound healing, inflammation, and gastrointestinal colic. 26089666 9 66 theme 10 1155:1156 arg1 condition 1184:1192 the best condition 1175:1192 the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV 1175:1308 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 9 66 theme 10 1155:1156 arg1 ratio 1146:1150 volume ratio 1139:1150 volume ratio of 10 1139:1156 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 9 66 theme 10 1155:1156 arg1 ratio 1124:1128 the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio 1082:1128 the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 1082:1133 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 12 67 theme cell 1619:1622 arg1 proliferation 1624:1636 cell proliferation 1619:1636 cell proliferation 1619:1636 AcE-NP demonstrated capability of maintaining cell viability at the lowest concentrations tested, stimulating cell proliferation at higher concentrations. 26089666 6 68 dep preparation 755:765 arg1 the 751:753 the 751:753 the 751:753 The present study reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE). 26089666 6 69 theme chitosan-sodium 791:805 arg1 NPs 839:841 NPs 839:841 NPs 839:841 The present study reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE). 26089666 6 69 theme chitosan-sodium 791:805 arg1 nanoparticles 824:836 chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles 791:836 chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE) 791:891 The present study reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE). 26089666 11 70 theme skin 1491:1494 arg1 fibroblasts 1496:1506 human skin fibroblasts 1485:1506 human skin fibroblasts 1485:1506 The NP biocompatibility was evaluated using human skin fibroblasts. 26089666 15 71 theme AcE 2039:2041 arg1 encapsulation 2043:2055 The AcE encapsulation 2035:2055 The AcE encapsulation 2035:2055 The AcE encapsulation offers an approach for further application of the A. chica extract that could be considered a potential candidate for ulcer-healing pharmaceutical systems. 26089666 1 72 theme various 270:276 arg1 diseases 278:285 various diseases 270:285 various diseases 270:285 Natural products using plants have received considerable attention because of their potential to treat various diseases. 26089666 10 73 theme AcE 1340:1342 arg1 addition 1344:1351 AcE addition 1340:1351 AcE addition (60±10.2 nm) 1340:1364 Particle size decreased with AcE addition (60±10.2 nm), suggesting an interaction between the extract's composition and polymers. 26089666 10 73 theme AcE 1340:1342 arg1 nm 1362:1363 60±10.2 nm 1354:1363 60±10.2 nm 1354:1363 Particle size decreased with AcE addition (60±10.2 nm), suggesting an interaction between the extract's composition and polymers. 26089666 9 74 theme best 1179:1182 arg1 condition 1184:1192 the best condition 1175:1192 the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV 1175:1308 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 9 74 theme best 1179:1182 arg1 ratio 1146:1150 volume ratio 1139:1150 volume ratio of 10 1139:1156 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 9 74 theme best 1179:1182 arg1 ratio 1124:1128 the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio 1082:1128 the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 1082:1133 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 0 75 theme Arrabidaea 43:52 arg1 carrier 81:87 Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier 43:87 Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier 43:87 Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity. 26089666 7 76 theme Particle 894:901 arg1 size 903:906 Particle size 894:906 Particle size 894:906 Particle size and zeta potential were measured using a Zetasizer Nano ZS. 26089666 15 77 theme extract 2116:2122 arg1 application 2088:2098 further application 2080:2098 further application of the A. chica extract that could be considered a potential candidate for ulcer-healing pharmaceutical systems 2080:2210 The AcE encapsulation offers an approach for further application of the A. chica extract that could be considered a potential candidate for ulcer-healing pharmaceutical systems. 26089666 0 78 theme standardized 60:71 arg1 carrier 81:87 Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier 43:87 Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier 43:87 Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity. 26089666 8 79 theme morphological 975:987 arg1 characteristics 989:1003 The NP morphological characteristics 968:1003 The NP morphological characteristics 968:1003 The NP morphological characteristics were observed using scanning electron microscopy. 26089666 15 80 theme A. 2107:2108 arg1 extract 2116:2122 the A. chica extract 2103:2122 the A. chica extract that could be considered a potential candidate for ulcer-healing pharmaceutical systems 2103:2210 The AcE encapsulation offers an approach for further application of the A. chica extract that could be considered a potential candidate for ulcer-healing pharmaceutical systems. 26089666 6 81 theme A. 857:858 arg1 extract 879:885 A. chica standardized extract 857:885 A. chica standardized extract (AcE) 857:891 The present study reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE). 26089666 6 81 theme A. 857:858 arg1 AcE 888:890 AcE 888:890 AcE 888:890 The present study reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE). 26089666 12 82 theme lowest 1577:1582 arg1 concentrations 1584:1597 the lowest concentrations 1573:1597 the lowest concentrations tested 1573:1604 AcE-NP demonstrated capability of maintaining cell viability at the lowest concentrations tested, stimulating cell proliferation at higher concentrations. 26089666 9 83 theme NP 1216:1217 arg1 sizes 1219:1223 the lowest NP sizes 1205:1223 the lowest NP sizes 1205:1223 Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. 26089666 4 84 theme healing 372:378 arg1 properties 380:389 healing properties 372:389 healing properties employed in folk medicine for wound healing, inflammation, and gastrointestinal colic 372:475 B. Verlot is a native tropical American vine with healing properties employed in folk medicine for wound healing, inflammation, and gastrointestinal colic. 26089666 13 85 theme gastric 1732:1738 arg1 model 1759:1763 an acute gastric ulcer experimental model 1723:1763 an acute gastric ulcer experimental model induced by ethanol and indomethacin 1723:1799 Antiulcerogenic activity of AcE-NP was also evaluated with an acute gastric ulcer experimental model induced by ethanol and indomethacin. 26089666 5 86 theme Applying 478:485 arg1 nanotechnology 487:500 Applying nanotechnology 478:500 Applying nanotechnology to plant extracts 478:518 Applying nanotechnology to plant extracts has revealed an advantageous strategy for herbal drugs considering the numerous features that nanostructured systems offer, including solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacological activity enhancement. 26089666 14 87 theme lesion 1858:1863 arg1 index 1865:1869 the ulcerative lesion index 1843:1869 the ulcerative lesion index using lower doses 1843:1887 NPs loaded with A. chica extract reduced the ulcerative lesion index using lower doses compared with the free extract, suggesting that extract encapsulation in chitosan NPs allowed for a dose reduction for a gastroprotective effect. 26089666 12 88 theme cell 1555:1558 arg1 viability 1560:1568 cell viability 1555:1568 cell viability 1555:1568 AcE-NP demonstrated capability of maintaining cell viability at the lowest concentrations tested, stimulating cell proliferation at higher concentrations. 26089666 0 89 dep nanoparticles 26:38 arg1 biocompatibility 119:134 biocompatibility 119:134 biocompatibility 119:134 Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity. 26089666 0 89 dep nanoparticles 26:38 arg1 characterization 101:116 characterization 101:116 characterization 101:116 Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity. 26089666 0 89 dep nanoparticles 26:38 arg1 nanoparticles 26:38 Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles 0:38 Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity. 0:165 Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity. 26089666 0 89 dep nanoparticles 26:38 arg1 activity 157:164 antiulcerogenic activity 141:164 antiulcerogenic activity 141:164 Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity. 26089666 0 89 dep nanoparticles 26:38 arg1 synthesis 90:98 synthesis 90:98 synthesis 90:98 Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity. 26089666 8 90 theme electron 1034:1041 arg1 microscopy 1043:1052 scanning electron microscopy 1025:1052 scanning electron microscopy 1025:1052 The NP morphological characteristics were observed using scanning electron microscopy. 26089666 6 91 theme nanoparticles 824:836 arg1 characterization 771:786 characterization 771:786 characterization 771:786 The present study reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE). 26089666 6 91 theme nanoparticles 824:836 arg1 preparation 755:765 preparation 755:765 preparation 755:765 The present study reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE). 27438015 10 0 from absorption 1637:1646 arg1 gut 1670:1672 the gut 1666:1672 the gut 1666:1672 A proposed mechanism of action for the reduction in cholesterol levels is mediated by α-glucans and β-glucans from Gl, which promoted decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut, as well as greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol. 27438015 11 1 theme Lactobacillaceae 1865:1880 arg1 family 1882:1887 the Lactobacillaceae family 1861:1887 the Lactobacillaceae family 1861:1887 The prebiotic effects of Gl-1 and Gl-2 extracts modulated the composition of gut microbiota and produced an increase in the Lactobacillaceae family and Lactobacillus genus level compared to the control group, high-cholesterol diet group and group supplemented with simvastatin. 27438015 0 2 from Effects 45:51 arg1 Mice 93:96 C57BL/6 Mice 85:96 C57BL/6 Mice 85:96 Hypocholesterolemic Properties and Prebiotic Effects of Mexican Ganoderma lucidum in C57BL/6 Mice. 27438015 4 3 theme microbiota 572:581 arg1 metabolism 533:542 cholesterol metabolism 521:542 cholesterol metabolism 521:542 The effects of the extracts on serum biochemical parameters, liver lipid content, cholesterol metabolism, and the composition of gut microbiota were assessed. 27438015 4 3 theme microbiota 572:581 arg1 parameters 488:497 serum biochemical parameters 470:497 serum biochemical parameters 470:497 The effects of the extracts on serum biochemical parameters, liver lipid content, cholesterol metabolism, and the composition of gut microbiota were assessed. 27438015 4 3 theme microbiota 572:581 arg1 composition 553:563 the composition 549:563 the composition of gut microbiota 549:581 The effects of the extracts on serum biochemical parameters, liver lipid content, cholesterol metabolism, and the composition of gut microbiota were assessed. 27438015 4 3 theme microbiota 572:581 arg1 content 512:518 liver lipid content 500:518 liver lipid content 500:518 The effects of the extracts on serum biochemical parameters, liver lipid content, cholesterol metabolism, and the composition of gut microbiota were assessed. 27438015 1 4 contain contain 130:136 arg1 mushrooms 120:128 Edible and medicinal mushrooms 99:128 mushrooms 120:128 Edible and medicinal mushrooms contain bioactive compounds with promising effects on several cardiovascular risk biomarkers. 27438015 1 4 contain contain 130:136 arg2 compounds 148:156 bioactive compounds 138:156 bioactive compounds with promising effects on several cardiovascular risk biomarkers 138:221 Edible and medicinal mushrooms contain bioactive compounds with promising effects on several cardiovascular risk biomarkers. 27438015 6 5 theme LDL-C 875:879 arg1 cholesterol 957:967 LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol 875:967 LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) 875:985 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 9 6 theme better 1431:1436 arg1 effects 1438:1444 better effects 1431:1444 better effects on lipid metabolism 1431:1464 In several cases, Gl-1 or Gl-2 extracts showed better effects on lipid metabolism than the drug simvastatin. 27438015 6 7 theme extracts 799:806 arg1 consumption 781:791 the consumption 777:791 the consumption of Gl extracts 777:806 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 7 8 theme gene 1266:1269 arg1 expression 1271:1280 Ldlr gene expression 1261:1280 Ldlr gene expression in the liver 1261:1293 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 11 9 theme genus 1907:1911 arg1 level 1913:1917 Lactobacillus genus level 1893:1917 Lactobacillus genus level 1893:1917 The prebiotic effects of Gl-1 and Gl-2 extracts modulated the composition of gut microbiota and produced an increase in the Lactobacillaceae family and Lactobacillus genus level compared to the control group, high-cholesterol diet group and group supplemented with simvastatin. 27438015 10 10 from excretion 1694:1702 arg1 gut 1670:1672 the gut 1666:1672 the gut 1666:1672 A proposed mechanism of action for the reduction in cholesterol levels is mediated by α-glucans and β-glucans from Gl, which promoted decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut, as well as greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol. 27438015 10 11 theme greater 1686:1692 arg1 excretion 1694:1702 greater excretion 1686:1702 greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol 1686:1738 A proposed mechanism of action for the reduction in cholesterol levels is mediated by α-glucans and β-glucans from Gl, which promoted decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut, as well as greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol. 27438015 10 12 theme action 1517:1522 arg1 mechanism 1504:1512 A proposed mechanism 1493:1512 A proposed mechanism of action for the reduction in cholesterol levels 1493:1562 A proposed mechanism of action for the reduction in cholesterol levels is mediated by α-glucans and β-glucans from Gl, which promoted decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut, as well as greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol. 27438015 1 13 theme cardiovascular 192:205 arg1 biomarkers 212:221 several cardiovascular risk biomarkers 184:221 several cardiovascular risk biomarkers 184:221 Edible and medicinal mushrooms contain bioactive compounds with promising effects on several cardiovascular risk biomarkers. 27438015 7 14 from increase 1249:1256 arg1 expression 1100:1109 the expression 1096:1109 the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8) 1096:1232 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 7 14 from increase 1249:1256 arg1 expression 1271:1280 Ldlr gene expression 1261:1280 Ldlr gene expression in the liver 1261:1293 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 6 15 theme 27.1 867:870 arg1 % 862:862 % 862:862 % 862:862 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 6 16 theme triglyceride 901:912 arg1 concentration 914:926 triglyceride concentration 901:926 triglyceride concentration 901:926 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 11 17 theme gut 1818:1820 arg1 microbiota 1822:1831 gut microbiota 1818:1831 gut microbiota 1818:1831 The prebiotic effects of Gl-1 and Gl-2 extracts modulated the composition of gut microbiota and produced an increase in the Lactobacillaceae family and Lactobacillus genus level compared to the control group, high-cholesterol diet group and group supplemented with simvastatin. 27438015 6 18 theme % 1021:1021 arg1 % 1030:1030 43.8% to 56.6% 1017:1030 43.8% to 56.6% 1017:1030 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 10 19 theme bile 1713:1716 arg1 acids 1718:1722 fecal bile acids 1707:1722 fecal bile acids 1707:1722 A proposed mechanism of action for the reduction in cholesterol levels is mediated by α-glucans and β-glucans from Gl, which promoted decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut, as well as greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol. 27438015 11 20 theme extracts 1780:1787 arg1 effects 1755:1761 The prebiotic effects 1741:1761 The prebiotic effects of Gl-1 and Gl-2 extracts 1741:1787 The prebiotic effects of Gl-1 and Gl-2 extracts modulated the composition of gut microbiota and produced an increase in the Lactobacillaceae family and Lactobacillus genus level compared to the control group, high-cholesterol diet group and group supplemented with simvastatin. 27438015 7 21 from expression 1271:1280 arg1 liver 1289:1293 the liver 1285:1293 the liver 1285:1293 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 12 22 theme hypocholesterolemic 2105:2123 arg1 properties 2125:2134 hypocholesterolemic properties 2105:2134 hypocholesterolemic properties 2105:2134 Mexican genetic resources of Gl represent a new source of bioactive compounds showing hypocholesterolemic properties and prebiotic effects. 27438015 5 23 theme mature 712:717 arg1 basidiomata 719:729 mature basidiomata 712:729 mature basidiomata 712:729 Acetylsalicylic acid (10 mM) added to the cultivation substrate modulated properties of Gl extracts obtained from mature basidiomata. 27438015 2 24 theme lucidum 254:260 arg1 strains 233:239 strains 233:239 strains of Ganoderma lucidum of Mexican origin 233:278 However, strains of Ganoderma lucidum of Mexican origin have not yet been studied. 27438015 9 25 from effects 1438:1444 arg1 metabolism 1455:1464 lipid metabolism 1449:1464 lipid metabolism 1449:1464 In several cases, Gl-1 or Gl-2 extracts showed better effects on lipid metabolism than the drug simvastatin. 27438015 7 26 theme cholesterol 1194:1204 arg1 transport 1206:1214 reverse cholesterol transport 1186:1214 reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8) 1186:1232 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 6 27 theme % 888:888 arg1 % 897:897 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration 885:926 % 897:897 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 3 28 theme Standardized 307:318 arg1 extracts 320:327 Standardized extracts 307:327 Standardized extracts of G. lucidum (Gl) 307:346 Standardized extracts of G. lucidum (Gl) were given to C57BL/6 mice fed a high-cholesterol diet compared with the drug simvastatin. 27438015 5 29 theme Gl 686:687 arg1 extracts 689:696 Gl extracts 686:696 Gl extracts obtained from mature basidiomata 686:729 Acetylsalicylic acid (10 mM) added to the cultivation substrate modulated properties of Gl extracts obtained from mature basidiomata. 27438015 11 30 theme prebiotic 1745:1753 arg1 effects 1755:1761 The prebiotic effects 1741:1761 The prebiotic effects of Gl-1 and Gl-2 extracts 1741:1787 The prebiotic effects of Gl-1 and Gl-2 extracts modulated the composition of gut microbiota and produced an increase in the Lactobacillaceae family and Lactobacillus genus level compared to the control group, high-cholesterol diet group and group supplemented with simvastatin. 27438015 10 31 from reduction 1532:1540 arg1 levels 1557:1562 cholesterol levels 1545:1562 cholesterol levels 1545:1562 A proposed mechanism of action for the reduction in cholesterol levels is mediated by α-glucans and β-glucans from Gl, which promoted decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut, as well as greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol. 27438015 12 32 theme compounds 2087:2095 arg1 source 2067:2072 a new source 2061:2072 a new source of bioactive compounds showing hypocholesterolemic properties and prebiotic effects 2061:2156 Mexican genetic resources of Gl represent a new source of bioactive compounds showing hypocholesterolemic properties and prebiotic effects. 27438015 7 33 theme genes 1168:1172 arg1 expression 1100:1109 the expression 1096:1109 the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8) 1096:1232 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 0 34 theme lucidum 74:80 arg1 Properties 20:29 Hypocholesterolemic Properties 0:29 Hypocholesterolemic Properties 0:29 Hypocholesterolemic Properties and Prebiotic Effects of Mexican Ganoderma lucidum in C57BL/6 Mice. 27438015 0 34 theme lucidum 74:80 arg1 Effects 45:51 Prebiotic Effects 35:51 Prebiotic Effects 35:51 Hypocholesterolemic Properties and Prebiotic Effects of Mexican Ganoderma lucidum in C57BL/6 Mice. 27438015 2 35 theme Mexican 265:271 arg1 origin 273:278 Mexican origin 265:278 Mexican origin 265:278 However, strains of Ganoderma lucidum of Mexican origin have not yet been studied. 27438015 1 36 theme promising 163:171 arg1 effects 173:179 promising effects 163:179 promising effects on several cardiovascular risk biomarkers 163:221 Edible and medicinal mushrooms contain bioactive compounds with promising effects on several cardiovascular risk biomarkers. 27438015 3 37 theme lucidum 335:341 arg1 extracts 320:327 Standardized extracts 307:327 Standardized extracts of G. lucidum (Gl) 307:346 Standardized extracts of G. lucidum (Gl) were given to C57BL/6 mice fed a high-cholesterol diet compared with the drug simvastatin. 27438015 0 38 theme C57BL/6 85:91 arg1 Mice 93:96 C57BL/6 Mice 85:96 C57BL/6 Mice 85:96 Hypocholesterolemic Properties and Prebiotic Effects of Mexican Ganoderma lucidum in C57BL/6 Mice. 27438015 1 39 from effects 173:179 arg1 biomarkers 212:221 several cardiovascular risk biomarkers 184:221 several cardiovascular risk biomarkers 184:221 Edible and medicinal mushrooms contain bioactive compounds with promising effects on several cardiovascular risk biomarkers. 27438015 6 40 theme 16.3 932:935 arg1 % 936:936 % 936:936 % 936:936 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 8 41 theme significant 1299:1309 arg1 changes 1311:1317 No significant changes 1296:1317 No significant changes 1296:1317 No significant changes were observed in the gene expression of Srebp2, Abca1 or Cyp7a1. 27438015 12 42 theme genetic 2027:2033 arg1 resources 2035:2043 Mexican genetic resources 2019:2043 Mexican genetic resources of Gl 2019:2049 Mexican genetic resources of Gl represent a new source of bioactive compounds showing hypocholesterolemic properties and prebiotic effects. 27438015 12 43 theme Mexican 2019:2025 arg1 resources 2035:2043 Mexican genetic resources 2019:2043 Mexican genetic resources of Gl 2019:2049 Mexican genetic resources of Gl represent a new source of bioactive compounds showing hypocholesterolemic properties and prebiotic effects. 27438015 1 44 with compounds 148:156 arg1 effects 173:179 promising effects 163:179 promising effects on several cardiovascular risk biomarkers 163:221 Edible and medicinal mushrooms contain bioactive compounds with promising effects on several cardiovascular risk biomarkers. 27438015 4 45 theme biochemical 476:486 arg1 parameters 488:497 serum biochemical parameters 470:497 serum biochemical parameters 470:497 The effects of the extracts on serum biochemical parameters, liver lipid content, cholesterol metabolism, and the composition of gut microbiota were assessed. 27438015 11 46 theme control 1935:1941 arg1 group 1943:1947 the control group 1931:1947 the control group 1931:1947 The prebiotic effects of Gl-1 and Gl-2 extracts modulated the composition of gut microbiota and produced an increase in the Lactobacillaceae family and Lactobacillus genus level compared to the control group, high-cholesterol diet group and group supplemented with simvastatin. 27438015 3 47 theme drug 421:424 arg1 simvastatin 426:436 the drug simvastatin 417:436 the drug simvastatin 417:436 Standardized extracts of G. lucidum (Gl) were given to C57BL/6 mice fed a high-cholesterol diet compared with the drug simvastatin. 27438015 0 48 theme Hypocholesterolemic 0:18 arg1 Properties 20:29 Hypocholesterolemic Properties 0:29 Hypocholesterolemic Properties 0:29 Hypocholesterolemic Properties and Prebiotic Effects of Mexican Ganoderma lucidum in C57BL/6 Mice. 27438015 1 49 theme Edible 99:104 arg1 mushrooms 120:128 Edible and medicinal mushrooms 99:128 mushrooms 120:128 Edible and medicinal mushrooms contain bioactive compounds with promising effects on several cardiovascular risk biomarkers. 27438015 8 50 theme gene 1340:1343 arg1 expression 1345:1354 the gene expression 1336:1354 the gene expression of Srebp2, Abca1 or Cyp7a1 1336:1381 No significant changes were observed in the gene expression of Srebp2, Abca1 or Cyp7a1. 27438015 1 51 theme medicinal 110:118 arg1 mushrooms 120:128 Edible and medicinal mushrooms 99:128 mushrooms 120:128 Edible and medicinal mushrooms contain bioactive compounds with promising effects on several cardiovascular risk biomarkers. 27438015 11 52 theme high-cholesterol 1950:1965 arg1 group 1972:1976 high-cholesterol diet group 1950:1976 high-cholesterol diet group 1950:1976 The prebiotic effects of Gl-1 and Gl-2 extracts modulated the composition of gut microbiota and produced an increase in the Lactobacillaceae family and Lactobacillus genus level compared to the control group, high-cholesterol diet group and group supplemented with simvastatin. 27438015 10 53 theme decreased 1627:1635 arg1 absorption 1637:1646 decreased absorption 1627:1646 decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut 1627:1672 A proposed mechanism of action for the reduction in cholesterol levels is mediated by α-glucans and β-glucans from Gl, which promoted decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut, as well as greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol. 27438015 6 54 theme 19.2 858:861 arg1 % 862:862 % 862:862 % 862:862 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 12 55 theme prebiotic 2140:2148 arg1 effects 2150:2156 prebiotic effects 2140:2156 prebiotic effects 2140:2156 Mexican genetic resources of Gl represent a new source of bioactive compounds showing hypocholesterolemic properties and prebiotic effects. 27438015 8 56 theme Abca1 1367:1371 arg1 expression 1345:1354 the gene expression 1336:1354 the gene expression of Srebp2, Abca1 or Cyp7a1 1336:1381 No significant changes were observed in the gene expression of Srebp2, Abca1 or Cyp7a1. 27438015 6 57 theme diet 765:768 arg1 group 770:774 the high-cholesterol diet group 744:774 the high-cholesterol diet group 744:774 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 0 58 theme Mexican 56:62 arg1 lucidum 74:80 Mexican Ganoderma lucidum 56:80 Mexican Ganoderma lucidum 56:80 Hypocholesterolemic Properties and Prebiotic Effects of Mexican Ganoderma lucidum in C57BL/6 Mice. 27438015 6 59 dep % 862:862 arg1 to 864:865 to 864:865 to 864:865 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 6 60 theme serum 836:840 arg1 cholesterol 842:852 total serum cholesterol 830:852 total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%) 830:872 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 9 61 theme Gl-1 1402:1405 arg1 extracts 1415:1422 Gl-1 or Gl-2 extracts 1402:1422 Gl-1 or Gl-2 extracts 1402:1422 In several cases, Gl-1 or Gl-2 extracts showed better effects on lipid metabolism than the drug simvastatin. 27438015 6 62 theme hepatic 991:997 arg1 triglycerides 999:1011 hepatic triglycerides 991:1011 hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%) 991:1031 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 7 63 dep transport 1206:1214 arg1 Abcg8 1227:1231 Abcg8 1227:1231 Abcg8 1227:1231 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 7 63 dep transport 1206:1214 arg1 Abcg5 1217:1221 Abcg5 1217:1221 Abcg5 1217:1221 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 9 64 theme Gl-2 1410:1413 arg1 extracts 1415:1422 Gl-1 or Gl-2 extracts 1402:1422 Gl-1 or Gl-2 extracts 1402:1422 In several cases, Gl-1 or Gl-2 extracts showed better effects on lipid metabolism than the drug simvastatin. 27438015 7 65 theme lipogenic 1114:1122 arg1 Fasn 1147:1150 Fasn 1147:1150 Fasn 1147:1150 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 7 65 theme lipogenic 1114:1122 arg1 Acaca 1157:1161 Acaca 1157:1161 Acaca 1157:1161 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 7 65 theme lipogenic 1114:1122 arg1 Srebp1c 1138:1144 Srebp1c 1138:1144 Srebp1c 1138:1144 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 7 65 theme lipogenic 1114:1122 arg1 Hmgcr 1131:1135 Hmgcr 1131:1135 Hmgcr 1131:1135 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 7 65 theme lipogenic 1114:1122 arg1 genes 1124:1128 lipogenic genes 1114:1128 lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) 1114:1162 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 10 66 theme proposed 1495:1502 arg1 mechanism 1504:1512 A proposed mechanism 1493:1512 A proposed mechanism of action for the reduction in cholesterol levels 1493:1562 A proposed mechanism of action for the reduction in cholesterol levels is mediated by α-glucans and β-glucans from Gl, which promoted decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut, as well as greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol. 27438015 6 67 theme 52 982:983 arg1 % 977:977 % 977:977 % 977:977 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 4 68 theme gut 568:570 arg1 microbiota 572:581 gut microbiota 568:581 gut microbiota 568:581 The effects of the extracts on serum biochemical parameters, liver lipid content, cholesterol metabolism, and the composition of gut microbiota were assessed. 27438015 5 69 theme cultivation 640:650 arg1 substrate 652:660 the cultivation substrate 636:660 the cultivation substrate 636:660 Acetylsalicylic acid (10 mM) added to the cultivation substrate modulated properties of Gl extracts obtained from mature basidiomata. 27438015 11 70 theme Gl-1 1766:1769 arg1 effects 1755:1761 The prebiotic effects 1741:1761 The prebiotic effects of Gl-1 and Gl-2 extracts 1741:1787 The prebiotic effects of Gl-1 and Gl-2 extracts modulated the composition of gut microbiota and produced an increase in the Lactobacillaceae family and Lactobacillus genus level compared to the control group, high-cholesterol diet group and group supplemented with simvastatin. 27438015 7 71 theme Ldlr 1261:1264 arg1 expression 1271:1280 Ldlr gene expression 1261:1280 Ldlr gene expression in the liver 1261:1293 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 6 72 theme Gl 796:797 arg1 extracts 799:806 Gl extracts 796:806 Gl extracts 796:806 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 1 73 theme several 184:190 arg1 biomarkers 212:221 several cardiovascular risk biomarkers 184:221 several cardiovascular risk biomarkers 184:221 Edible and medicinal mushrooms contain bioactive compounds with promising effects on several cardiovascular risk biomarkers. 27438015 9 74 theme lipid 1449:1453 arg1 metabolism 1455:1464 lipid metabolism 1449:1464 lipid metabolism 1449:1464 In several cases, Gl-1 or Gl-2 extracts showed better effects on lipid metabolism than the drug simvastatin. 27438015 7 75 theme significant 1071:1081 arg1 reduction 1083:1091 a significant reduction 1069:1091 a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8) 1069:1232 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 1 76 theme risk 207:210 arg1 biomarkers 212:221 several cardiovascular risk biomarkers 184:221 several cardiovascular risk biomarkers 184:221 Edible and medicinal mushrooms contain bioactive compounds with promising effects on several cardiovascular risk biomarkers. 27438015 6 77 dep % 936:936 arg1 to 938:939 to 938:939 to 938:939 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 11 78 theme Lactobacillus 1893:1905 arg1 level 1913:1917 Lactobacillus genus level 1893:1917 Lactobacillus genus level 1893:1917 The prebiotic effects of Gl-1 and Gl-2 extracts modulated the composition of gut microbiota and produced an increase in the Lactobacillaceae family and Lactobacillus genus level compared to the control group, high-cholesterol diet group and group supplemented with simvastatin. 27438015 10 79 theme acids 1718:1722 arg1 absorption 1637:1646 decreased absorption 1627:1646 decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut 1627:1672 A proposed mechanism of action for the reduction in cholesterol levels is mediated by α-glucans and β-glucans from Gl, which promoted decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut, as well as greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol. 27438015 10 79 theme acids 1718:1722 arg1 excretion 1694:1702 greater excretion 1686:1702 greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol 1686:1738 A proposed mechanism of action for the reduction in cholesterol levels is mediated by α-glucans and β-glucans from Gl, which promoted decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut, as well as greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol. 27438015 5 80 theme extracts 689:696 arg1 properties 672:681 properties 672:681 properties of Gl extracts obtained from mature basidiomata 672:729 Acetylsalicylic acid (10 mM) added to the cultivation substrate modulated properties of Gl extracts obtained from mature basidiomata. 27438015 10 81 theme cholesterol 1545:1555 arg1 levels 1557:1562 cholesterol levels 1545:1562 cholesterol levels 1545:1562 A proposed mechanism of action for the reduction in cholesterol levels is mediated by α-glucans and β-glucans from Gl, which promoted decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut, as well as greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol. 27438015 9 82 theme drug 1475:1478 arg1 simvastatin 1480:1490 the drug simvastatin 1471:1490 the drug simvastatin 1471:1490 In several cases, Gl-1 or Gl-2 extracts showed better effects on lipid metabolism than the drug simvastatin. 27438015 6 83 dep % 1030:1030 arg1 to 1023:1024 to 1023:1024 to 1023:1024 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 10 84 theme fecal 1707:1711 arg1 acids 1718:1722 fecal bile acids 1707:1722 fecal bile acids 1707:1722 A proposed mechanism of action for the reduction in cholesterol levels is mediated by α-glucans and β-glucans from Gl, which promoted decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut, as well as greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol. 27438015 12 85 theme new 2063:2065 arg1 source 2067:2072 a new source 2061:2072 a new source of bioactive compounds showing hypocholesterolemic properties and prebiotic effects 2061:2156 Mexican genetic resources of Gl represent a new source of bioactive compounds showing hypocholesterolemic properties and prebiotic effects. 27438015 4 86 theme extracts 458:465 arg1 effects 443:449 The effects 439:449 The effects of the extracts on serum biochemical parameters, liver lipid content, cholesterol metabolism, and the composition of gut microbiota 439:581 The effects of the extracts on serum biochemical parameters, liver lipid content, cholesterol metabolism, and the composition of gut microbiota were assessed. 27438015 2 87 theme Ganoderma 244:252 arg1 lucidum 254:260 Ganoderma lucidum 244:260 Ganoderma lucidum of Mexican origin 244:278 However, strains of Ganoderma lucidum of Mexican origin have not yet been studied. 27438015 4 88 theme lipid 506:510 arg1 content 512:518 liver lipid content 500:518 liver lipid content 500:518 The effects of the extracts on serum biochemical parameters, liver lipid content, cholesterol metabolism, and the composition of gut microbiota were assessed. 27438015 3 89 theme G. 332:333 arg1 Gl 344:345 Gl 344:345 Gl 344:345 Standardized extracts of G. lucidum (Gl) were given to C57BL/6 mice fed a high-cholesterol diet compared with the drug simvastatin. 27438015 3 89 theme G. 332:333 arg1 lucidum 335:341 G. lucidum 332:341 G. lucidum (Gl) 332:346 Standardized extracts of G. lucidum (Gl) were given to C57BL/6 mice fed a high-cholesterol diet compared with the drug simvastatin. 27438015 12 90 theme bioactive 2077:2085 arg1 compounds 2087:2095 bioactive compounds 2077:2095 bioactive compounds showing hypocholesterolemic properties and prebiotic effects 2077:2156 Mexican genetic resources of Gl represent a new source of bioactive compounds showing hypocholesterolemic properties and prebiotic effects. 27438015 10 91 theme cholesterol 1728:1738 arg1 absorption 1637:1646 decreased absorption 1627:1646 decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut 1627:1672 A proposed mechanism of action for the reduction in cholesterol levels is mediated by α-glucans and β-glucans from Gl, which promoted decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut, as well as greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol. 27438015 10 91 theme cholesterol 1728:1738 arg1 excretion 1694:1702 greater excretion 1686:1702 greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol 1686:1738 A proposed mechanism of action for the reduction in cholesterol levels is mediated by α-glucans and β-glucans from Gl, which promoted decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut, as well as greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol. 27438015 1 92 theme bioactive 138:146 arg1 compounds 148:156 bioactive compounds 138:156 bioactive compounds with promising effects on several cardiovascular risk biomarkers 138:221 Edible and medicinal mushrooms contain bioactive compounds with promising effects on several cardiovascular risk biomarkers. 27438015 11 93 theme Gl-2 1775:1778 arg1 extracts 1780:1787 Gl-2 extracts 1775:1787 Gl-2 extracts 1775:1787 The prebiotic effects of Gl-1 and Gl-2 extracts modulated the composition of gut microbiota and produced an increase in the Lactobacillaceae family and Lactobacillus genus level compared to the control group, high-cholesterol diet group and group supplemented with simvastatin. 27438015 7 94 from reduction 1083:1091 arg1 expression 1100:1109 the expression 1096:1109 the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8) 1096:1232 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 7 94 from reduction 1083:1091 arg1 expression 1271:1280 Ldlr gene expression 1261:1280 Ldlr gene expression in the liver 1261:1293 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 7 95 theme reverse 1186:1192 arg1 transport 1206:1214 reverse cholesterol transport 1186:1214 reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8) 1186:1232 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 2 96 theme origin 273:278 arg1 lucidum 254:260 Ganoderma lucidum 244:260 Ganoderma lucidum of Mexican origin 244:278 However, strains of Ganoderma lucidum of Mexican origin have not yet been studied. 27438015 6 97 theme 46.6 941:944 arg1 % 936:936 % 936:936 % 936:936 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 4 98 theme liver 500:504 arg1 content 512:518 liver lipid content 500:518 liver lipid content 500:518 The effects of the extracts on serum biochemical parameters, liver lipid content, cholesterol metabolism, and the composition of gut microbiota were assessed. 27438015 11 99 from increase 1849:1856 arg1 family 1882:1887 the Lactobacillaceae family 1861:1887 the Lactobacillaceae family 1861:1887 The prebiotic effects of Gl-1 and Gl-2 extracts modulated the composition of gut microbiota and produced an increase in the Lactobacillaceae family and Lactobacillus genus level compared to the control group, high-cholesterol diet group and group supplemented with simvastatin. 27438015 11 100 theme microbiota 1822:1831 arg1 composition 1803:1813 the composition 1799:1813 the composition of gut microbiota 1799:1831 The prebiotic effects of Gl-1 and Gl-2 extracts modulated the composition of gut microbiota and produced an increase in the Lactobacillaceae family and Lactobacillus genus level compared to the control group, high-cholesterol diet group and group supplemented with simvastatin. 27438015 0 101 from Properties 20:29 arg1 Mice 93:96 C57BL/6 Mice 85:96 C57BL/6 Mice 85:96 Hypocholesterolemic Properties and Prebiotic Effects of Mexican Ganoderma lucidum in C57BL/6 Mice. 27438015 5 102 theme Acetylsalicylic 598:612 arg1 acid 614:617 Acetylsalicylic acid 598:617 Acetylsalicylic acid (10 mM) added to the cultivation substrate 598:660 Acetylsalicylic acid (10 mM) added to the cultivation substrate modulated properties of Gl extracts obtained from mature basidiomata. 27438015 5 102 theme Acetylsalicylic 598:612 arg1 mM 623:624 10 mM 620:624 10 mM 620:624 Acetylsalicylic acid (10 mM) added to the cultivation substrate modulated properties of Gl extracts obtained from mature basidiomata. 27438015 7 103 dep genes 1124:1128 arg1 Fasn 1147:1150 Fasn 1147:1150 Fasn 1147:1150 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 7 103 dep genes 1124:1128 arg1 Acaca 1157:1161 Acaca 1157:1161 Acaca 1157:1161 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 7 103 dep genes 1124:1128 arg1 Srebp1c 1138:1144 Srebp1c 1138:1144 Srebp1c 1138:1144 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 7 103 dep genes 1124:1128 arg1 Hmgcr 1131:1135 Hmgcr 1131:1135 Hmgcr 1131:1135 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 7 103 dep genes 1124:1128 arg1 genes 1124:1128 lipogenic genes 1114:1128 lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) 1114:1162 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 3 104 theme C57BL/6 362:368 arg1 mice 370:373 C57BL/6 mice 362:373 C57BL/6 mice fed a high-cholesterol diet compared with the drug simvastatin 362:436 Standardized extracts of G. lucidum (Gl) were given to C57BL/6 mice fed a high-cholesterol diet compared with the drug simvastatin. 27438015 4 105 theme serum 470:474 arg1 parameters 488:497 serum biochemical parameters 470:497 serum biochemical parameters 470:497 The effects of the extracts on serum biochemical parameters, liver lipid content, cholesterol metabolism, and the composition of gut microbiota were assessed. 27438015 12 106 theme Gl 2048:2049 arg1 resources 2035:2043 Mexican genetic resources 2019:2043 Mexican genetic resources of Gl 2019:2049 Mexican genetic resources of Gl represent a new source of bioactive compounds showing hypocholesterolemic properties and prebiotic effects. 27438015 11 107 from level 1913:1917 arg1 family 1882:1887 the Lactobacillaceae family 1861:1887 the Lactobacillaceae family 1861:1887 The prebiotic effects of Gl-1 and Gl-2 extracts modulated the composition of gut microbiota and produced an increase in the Lactobacillaceae family and Lactobacillus genus level compared to the control group, high-cholesterol diet group and group supplemented with simvastatin. 27438015 6 108 theme 28.7 973:976 arg1 % 977:977 % 977:977 % 977:977 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 3 109 theme high-cholesterol 381:396 arg1 diet 398:401 a high-cholesterol diet 379:401 a high-cholesterol diet 379:401 Standardized extracts of G. lucidum (Gl) were given to C57BL/6 mice fed a high-cholesterol diet compared with the drug simvastatin. 27438015 0 110 theme Prebiotic 35:43 arg1 Effects 45:51 Prebiotic Effects 35:51 Prebiotic Effects 35:51 Hypocholesterolemic Properties and Prebiotic Effects of Mexican Ganoderma lucidum in C57BL/6 Mice. 27438015 8 111 located observed 1324:1331 arg2 changes 1311:1317 No significant changes 1296:1317 No significant changes 1296:1317 No significant changes were observed in the gene expression of Srebp2, Abca1 or Cyp7a1. 27438015 8 111 located observed 1324:1331 arg1 expression 1345:1354 the gene expression 1336:1354 the gene expression of Srebp2, Abca1 or Cyp7a1 1336:1381 No significant changes were observed in the gene expression of Srebp2, Abca1 or Cyp7a1. 27438015 8 112 theme Srebp2 1359:1364 arg1 expression 1345:1354 the gene expression 1336:1354 the gene expression of Srebp2, Abca1 or Cyp7a1 1336:1381 No significant changes were observed in the gene expression of Srebp2, Abca1 or Cyp7a1. 27438015 6 113 dep % 977:977 arg1 to 979:980 to 979:980 to 979:980 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 10 114 from Gl 1608:1609 arg1 α-glucans 1579:1587 α-glucans 1579:1587 α-glucans 1579:1587 A proposed mechanism of action for the reduction in cholesterol levels is mediated by α-glucans and β-glucans from Gl, which promoted decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut, as well as greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol. 27438015 10 114 from Gl 1608:1609 arg1 β-glucans 1593:1601 β-glucans 1593:1601 β-glucans 1593:1601 A proposed mechanism of action for the reduction in cholesterol levels is mediated by α-glucans and β-glucans from Gl, which promoted decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut, as well as greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol. 27438015 6 115 theme hepatic 949:955 arg1 cholesterol 957:967 LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol 875:967 LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) 875:985 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 11 116 theme diet 1967:1970 arg1 group 1972:1976 high-cholesterol diet group 1950:1976 high-cholesterol diet group 1950:1976 The prebiotic effects of Gl-1 and Gl-2 extracts modulated the composition of gut microbiota and produced an increase in the Lactobacillaceae family and Lactobacillus genus level compared to the control group, high-cholesterol diet group and group supplemented with simvastatin. 27438015 4 117 theme cholesterol 521:531 arg1 metabolism 533:542 cholesterol metabolism 521:542 cholesterol metabolism 521:542 The effects of the extracts on serum biochemical parameters, liver lipid content, cholesterol metabolism, and the composition of gut microbiota were assessed. 27438015 0 118 theme Ganoderma 64:72 arg1 lucidum 74:80 Mexican Ganoderma lucidum 56:80 Mexican Ganoderma lucidum 56:80 Hypocholesterolemic Properties and Prebiotic Effects of Mexican Ganoderma lucidum in C57BL/6 Mice. 27438015 9 119 theme several 1387:1393 arg1 cases 1395:1399 several cases 1387:1399 several cases 1387:1399 In several cases, Gl-1 or Gl-2 extracts showed better effects on lipid metabolism than the drug simvastatin. 27438015 4 120 from effects 443:449 arg1 metabolism 533:542 cholesterol metabolism 521:542 cholesterol metabolism 521:542 The effects of the extracts on serum biochemical parameters, liver lipid content, cholesterol metabolism, and the composition of gut microbiota were assessed. 27438015 4 120 from effects 443:449 arg1 parameters 488:497 serum biochemical parameters 470:497 serum biochemical parameters 470:497 The effects of the extracts on serum biochemical parameters, liver lipid content, cholesterol metabolism, and the composition of gut microbiota were assessed. 27438015 4 120 from effects 443:449 arg1 composition 553:563 the composition 549:563 the composition of gut microbiota 549:581 The effects of the extracts on serum biochemical parameters, liver lipid content, cholesterol metabolism, and the composition of gut microbiota were assessed. 27438015 4 120 from effects 443:449 arg1 content 512:518 liver lipid content 500:518 liver lipid content 500:518 The effects of the extracts on serum biochemical parameters, liver lipid content, cholesterol metabolism, and the composition of gut microbiota were assessed. 27438015 8 121 theme Cyp7a1 1376:1381 arg1 expression 1345:1354 the gene expression 1336:1354 the gene expression of Srebp2, Abca1 or Cyp7a1 1336:1381 No significant changes were observed in the gene expression of Srebp2, Abca1 or Cyp7a1. 27438015 6 122 theme high-cholesterol 748:763 arg1 group 770:774 the high-cholesterol diet group 744:774 the high-cholesterol diet group 744:774 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 6 123 dep % 897:897 arg1 to 890:891 to 890:891 to 890:891 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 6 123 dep % 897:897 arg1 concentration 914:926 triglyceride concentration 901:926 triglyceride concentration 901:926 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 27438015 7 124 theme genes 1124:1128 arg1 expression 1100:1109 the expression 1096:1109 the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8) 1096:1232 These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. 27438015 10 125 theme cholesterol 1651:1661 arg1 absorption 1637:1646 decreased absorption 1627:1646 decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut 1627:1672 A proposed mechanism of action for the reduction in cholesterol levels is mediated by α-glucans and β-glucans from Gl, which promoted decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut, as well as greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol. 27438015 10 125 theme cholesterol 1651:1661 arg1 excretion 1694:1702 greater excretion 1686:1702 greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol 1686:1738 A proposed mechanism of action for the reduction in cholesterol levels is mediated by α-glucans and β-glucans from Gl, which promoted decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut, as well as greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol. 27438015 6 126 theme total 830:834 arg1 cholesterol 842:852 total serum cholesterol 830:852 total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%) 830:872 Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). 28167033 7 0 theme GhCESAs 1413:1419 arg1 genes 1421:1425 GhCESAs genes 1413:1425 GhCESAs genes 1413:1425 However, combined elevated temperature and waterlogging limited primary cell wall synthesis by affecting GhCESAs genes and showed a negative impact on all three major osmotic solutes through the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length. 28167033 6 1 theme malate 1256:1261 arg1 production 1263:1272 fiber malate production 1250:1272 fiber malate production 1250:1272 Waterlogging treatment alone also limited fiber malate production by down-regulating GhPEPC-1 & -2. 28167033 5 2 theme source 1097:1102 arg1 strength 1104:1111 source strength 1097:1111 source strength 1097:1111 Waterlogging stress alone decreased source strength, down-regulated GhSUT-1 expression and enhanced SuSy catalytic activity for sucrose reduction. 28167033 3 3 theme fiber 810:814 arg1 length 816:821 final fiber length 804:821 final fiber length 804:821 High temperature accelerated early fiber development, but limited the duration of elongation, thereby limiting final fiber length. 28167033 4 4 theme ET 837:838 arg1 Treatment 824:832 Treatment 824:832 Treatment of ET 824:838 Treatment of ET alone altered fiber sucrose content mainly through decreased source strength and the expression of the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1, making sucrose availability the primary determinant of final fiber length under ET. 28167033 5 5 theme Waterlogging 1061:1072 arg1 stress 1074:1079 Waterlogging stress 1061:1079 Waterlogging stress 1061:1079 Waterlogging stress alone decreased source strength, down-regulated GhSUT-1 expression and enhanced SuSy catalytic activity for sucrose reduction. 28167033 6 6 theme fiber 1250:1254 arg1 production 1263:1272 fiber malate production 1250:1272 fiber malate production 1250:1272 Waterlogging treatment alone also limited fiber malate production by down-regulating GhPEPC-1 & -2. 28167033 2 7 theme active 610:615 arg1 malate 635:640 malate 635:640 malate 635:640 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 2 7 theme active 610:615 arg1 K+ 647:648 K+ 647:648 K+ 647:648 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 2 7 theme active 610:615 arg1 sucrose 626:632 sucrose 626:632 sucrose 626:632 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 2 7 theme active 610:615 arg1 solutes 617:623 osmotically active solutes 598:623 osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+) 598:649 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 4 8 theme primary 1009:1015 arg1 determinant 1017:1027 the primary determinant 1005:1027 the primary determinant of final fiber length 1005:1049 Treatment of ET alone altered fiber sucrose content mainly through decreased source strength and the expression of the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1, making sucrose availability the primary determinant of final fiber length under ET. 28167033 2 9 theme fiber 505:509 arg1 length 511:516 final fiber length 499:516 final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) 499:540 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 4 10 theme sucrose 984:990 arg1 availability 992:1003 sucrose availability 984:1003 sucrose availability 984:1003 Treatment of ET alone altered fiber sucrose content mainly through decreased source strength and the expression of the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1, making sucrose availability the primary determinant of final fiber length under ET. 28167033 5 11 theme SuSy 1161:1164 arg1 activity 1176:1183 SuSy catalytic activity 1161:1183 SuSy catalytic activity for sucrose reduction 1161:1205 Waterlogging stress alone decreased source strength, down-regulated GhSUT-1 expression and enhanced SuSy catalytic activity for sucrose reduction. 28167033 0 12 theme osmolyte 97:104 arg1 composition 106:116 osmolyte composition 97:116 osmolyte composition of the developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber 97:171 Combined elevated temperature and soil waterlogging stresses inhibit cell elongation by altering osmolyte composition of the developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber. 28167033 1 13 theme little 358:363 arg1 attention 365:373 little attention 358:373 little attention 358:373 Soil waterlogging events and high temperature conditions occur frequently in the Yangtze River Valley, yet the effects of these co-occurring stresses on fiber elongation have received little attention. 28167033 2 14 theme pronounced 674:683 arg1 effect 685:690 the most pronounced effect 665:690 the most pronounced effect 665:690 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 5 15 theme catalytic 1166:1174 arg1 activity 1176:1183 SuSy catalytic activity 1161:1183 SuSy catalytic activity for sucrose reduction 1161:1205 Waterlogging stress alone decreased source strength, down-regulated GhSUT-1 expression and enhanced SuSy catalytic activity for sucrose reduction. 28167033 7 16 theme negative 1440:1447 arg1 impact 1449:1454 a negative impact 1438:1454 a negative impact on all three major osmotic solutes 1438:1489 However, combined elevated temperature and waterlogging limited primary cell wall synthesis by affecting GhCESAs genes and showed a negative impact on all three major osmotic solutes through the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length. 28167033 1 17 from effects 285:291 arg1 elongation 333:342 fiber elongation 327:342 fiber elongation 327:342 Soil waterlogging events and high temperature conditions occur frequently in the Yangtze River Valley, yet the effects of these co-occurring stresses on fiber elongation have received little attention. 28167033 7 18 theme fiber 1636:1640 arg1 length 1642:1647 a shorter fiber length 1626:1647 a shorter fiber length 1626:1647 However, combined elevated temperature and waterlogging limited primary cell wall synthesis by affecting GhCESAs genes and showed a negative impact on all three major osmotic solutes through the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length. 28167033 2 19 theme current 383:389 arg1 study 391:395 the current study 379:395 the current study 379:395 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 7 20 theme & 1535:1535 arg1 regulation 1503:1512 the regulation 1499:1512 the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length 1499:1647 However, combined elevated temperature and waterlogging limited primary cell wall synthesis by affecting GhCESAs genes and showed a negative impact on all three major osmotic solutes through the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length. 28167033 7 21 theme SuSy 1574:1577 arg1 activity 1579:1586 altered SuSy activity 1566:1586 altered SuSy activity 1566:1586 However, combined elevated temperature and waterlogging limited primary cell wall synthesis by affecting GhCESAs genes and showed a negative impact on all three major osmotic solutes through the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length. 28167033 2 22 theme waterlogging 456:467 arg1 effect 411:416 the combined effect 398:416 the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) 398:472 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 4 23 theme sucrose 943:949 arg1 GhSUT-1 968:974 the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1 939:974 the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1 939:974 Treatment of ET alone altered fiber sucrose content mainly through decreased source strength and the expression of the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1, making sucrose availability the primary determinant of final fiber length under ET. 28167033 1 24 theme Soil 174:177 arg1 events 192:197 Soil waterlogging events 174:197 Soil waterlogging events 174:197 Soil waterlogging events and high temperature conditions occur frequently in the Yangtze River Valley, yet the effects of these co-occurring stresses on fiber elongation have received little attention. 28167033 0 25 theme elevated 9:16 arg1 temperature 18:28 Combined elevated temperature 0:28 Combined elevated temperature 0:28 Combined elevated temperature and soil waterlogging stresses inhibit cell elongation by altering osmolyte composition of the developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber. 28167033 6 26 theme Waterlogging 1208:1219 arg1 treatment 1221:1229 Waterlogging treatment 1208:1229 Waterlogging treatment alone 1208:1235 Waterlogging treatment alone also limited fiber malate production by down-regulating GhPEPC-1 & -2. 28167033 1 27 theme waterlogging 179:190 arg1 events 192:197 Soil waterlogging events 174:197 Soil waterlogging events 174:197 Soil waterlogging events and high temperature conditions occur frequently in the Yangtze River Valley, yet the effects of these co-occurring stresses on fiber elongation have received little attention. 28167033 0 28 theme Combined 0:7 arg1 temperature 18:28 Combined elevated temperature 0:28 Combined elevated temperature 0:28 Combined elevated temperature and soil waterlogging stresses inhibit cell elongation by altering osmolyte composition of the developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber. 28167033 7 29 theme major 1469:1473 arg1 solutes 1483:1489 all three major osmotic solutes 1459:1489 all three major osmotic solutes 1459:1489 However, combined elevated temperature and waterlogging limited primary cell wall synthesis by affecting GhCESAs genes and showed a negative impact on all three major osmotic solutes through the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length. 28167033 2 30 dep temperature 430:440 arg1 ET 443:444 ET 443:444 ET 443:444 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 4 31 theme fiber 1038:1042 arg1 length 1044:1049 final fiber length 1032:1049 final fiber length 1032:1049 Treatment of ET alone altered fiber sucrose content mainly through decreased source strength and the expression of the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1, making sucrose availability the primary determinant of final fiber length under ET. 28167033 2 32 theme temperature 430:440 arg1 effect 411:416 the combined effect 398:416 the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) 398:472 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 2 33 contain had 661:663 arg2 effect 685:690 the most pronounced effect 665:690 the most pronounced effect 665:690 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 2 33 contain had 661:663 arg1 SW 658:659 SW 658:659 SW 658:659 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 2 34 theme solutes 617:623 arg1 composition 583:593 the composition 579:593 the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect 579:690 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 7 35 theme cell 1380:1383 arg1 synthesis 1390:1398 primary cell wall synthesis 1372:1398 primary cell wall synthesis 1372:1398 However, combined elevated temperature and waterlogging limited primary cell wall synthesis by affecting GhCESAs genes and showed a negative impact on all three major osmotic solutes through the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length. 28167033 4 36 theme final 1032:1036 arg1 length 1044:1049 final fiber length 1032:1049 final fiber length 1032:1049 Treatment of ET alone altered fiber sucrose content mainly through decreased source strength and the expression of the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1, making sucrose availability the primary determinant of final fiber length under ET. 28167033 2 37 theme elevated 421:428 arg1 temperature 430:440 elevated temperature 421:440 elevated temperature (ET) 421:445 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 5 38 theme GhSUT-1 1129:1135 arg1 expression 1137:1146 GhSUT-1 expression 1129:1146 GhSUT-1 expression 1129:1146 Waterlogging stress alone decreased source strength, down-regulated GhSUT-1 expression and enhanced SuSy catalytic activity for sucrose reduction. 28167033 0 39 theme developing 125:134 arg1 Gossypium 144:152 Gossypium 144:152 Gossypium 144:152 Combined elevated temperature and soil waterlogging stresses inhibit cell elongation by altering osmolyte composition of the developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber. 28167033 0 39 theme developing 125:134 arg1 fiber 167:171 the developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber 121:171 the developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber 121:171 Combined elevated temperature and soil waterlogging stresses inhibit cell elongation by altering osmolyte composition of the developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber. 28167033 7 40 theme GhSUT-1 1517:1523 arg1 regulation 1503:1512 the regulation 1499:1512 the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length 1499:1647 However, combined elevated temperature and waterlogging limited primary cell wall synthesis by affecting GhCESAs genes and showed a negative impact on all three major osmotic solutes through the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length. 28167033 7 41 theme wall 1385:1388 arg1 synthesis 1390:1398 primary cell wall synthesis 1372:1398 primary cell wall synthesis 1372:1398 However, combined elevated temperature and waterlogging limited primary cell wall synthesis by affecting GhCESAs genes and showed a negative impact on all three major osmotic solutes through the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length. 28167033 7 42 from impact 1449:1454 arg1 solutes 1483:1489 all three major osmotic solutes 1459:1489 all three major osmotic solutes 1459:1489 However, combined elevated temperature and waterlogging limited primary cell wall synthesis by affecting GhCESAs genes and showed a negative impact on all three major osmotic solutes through the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length. 28167033 1 43 theme high 203:206 arg1 conditions 220:229 high temperature conditions 203:229 high temperature conditions 203:229 Soil waterlogging events and high temperature conditions occur frequently in the Yangtze River Valley, yet the effects of these co-occurring stresses on fiber elongation have received little attention. 28167033 0 44 theme waterlogging 39:50 arg1 stresses 52:59 soil waterlogging stresses 34:59 soil waterlogging stresses 34:59 Combined elevated temperature and soil waterlogging stresses inhibit cell elongation by altering osmolyte composition of the developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber. 28167033 4 45 theme fiber 854:858 arg1 content 868:874 fiber sucrose content 854:874 fiber sucrose content 854:874 Treatment of ET alone altered fiber sucrose content mainly through decreased source strength and the expression of the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1, making sucrose availability the primary determinant of final fiber length under ET. 28167033 2 46 theme combined 402:409 arg1 effect 411:416 the combined effect 398:416 the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) 398:472 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 4 47 theme length 1044:1049 arg1 determinant 1017:1027 the primary determinant 1005:1027 the primary determinant of final fiber length 1005:1049 Treatment of ET alone altered fiber sucrose content mainly through decreased source strength and the expression of the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1, making sucrose availability the primary determinant of final fiber length under ET. 28167033 1 48 theme temperature 208:218 arg1 conditions 220:229 high temperature conditions 203:229 high temperature conditions 203:229 Soil waterlogging events and high temperature conditions occur frequently in the Yangtze River Valley, yet the effects of these co-occurring stresses on fiber elongation have received little attention. 28167033 0 49 theme soil 34:37 arg1 stresses 52:59 soil waterlogging stresses 34:59 soil waterlogging stresses 34:59 Combined elevated temperature and soil waterlogging stresses inhibit cell elongation by altering osmolyte composition of the developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber. 28167033 3 50 theme High 693:696 arg1 temperature 698:708 High temperature 693:708 High temperature 693:708 High temperature accelerated early fiber development, but limited the duration of elongation, thereby limiting final fiber length. 28167033 2 51 theme soil 451:454 arg1 SW 470:471 SW 470:471 SW 470:471 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 2 51 theme soil 451:454 arg1 waterlogging 456:467 soil waterlogging 451:467 soil waterlogging (SW) 451:472 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 4 52 theme GhSUT-1 968:974 arg1 strength 908:915 decreased source strength 891:915 decreased source strength 891:915 Treatment of ET alone altered fiber sucrose content mainly through decreased source strength and the expression of the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1, making sucrose availability the primary determinant of final fiber length under ET. 28167033 4 52 theme GhSUT-1 968:974 arg1 expression 925:934 the expression 921:934 the expression of the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1 921:974 Treatment of ET alone altered fiber sucrose content mainly through decreased source strength and the expression of the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1, making sucrose availability the primary determinant of final fiber length under ET. 28167033 7 53 theme altered 1566:1572 arg1 activity 1579:1586 altered SuSy activity 1566:1586 altered SuSy activity 1566:1586 However, combined elevated temperature and waterlogging limited primary cell wall synthesis by affecting GhCESAs genes and showed a negative impact on all three major osmotic solutes through the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length. 28167033 1 54 theme co-occurring 302:313 arg1 stresses 315:322 these co-occurring stresses 296:322 these co-occurring stresses 296:322 Soil waterlogging events and high temperature conditions occur frequently in the Yangtze River Valley, yet the effects of these co-occurring stresses on fiber elongation have received little attention. 28167033 6 55 theme GhPEPC-1 1293:1300 arg1 & 1302:1302 GhPEPC-1 & -2 1293:1305 GhPEPC-1 & -2 1293:1305 Waterlogging treatment alone also limited fiber malate production by down-regulating GhPEPC-1 & -2. 28167033 4 56 theme decreased 891:899 arg1 strength 908:915 decreased source strength 891:915 decreased source strength 891:915 Treatment of ET alone altered fiber sucrose content mainly through decreased source strength and the expression of the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1, making sucrose availability the primary determinant of final fiber length under ET. 28167033 7 57 theme GhPEPC-1 1526:1533 arg1 & 1535:1535 GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression 1526:1560 & 1535:1535 However, combined elevated temperature and waterlogging limited primary cell wall synthesis by affecting GhCESAs genes and showed a negative impact on all three major osmotic solutes through the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length. 28167033 0 58 theme cotton 136:141 arg1 Gossypium 144:152 Gossypium 144:152 Gossypium 144:152 Combined elevated temperature and soil waterlogging stresses inhibit cell elongation by altering osmolyte composition of the developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber. 28167033 0 58 theme cotton 136:141 arg1 fiber 167:171 the developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber 121:171 the developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber 121:171 Combined elevated temperature and soil waterlogging stresses inhibit cell elongation by altering osmolyte composition of the developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber. 28167033 1 59 theme stresses 315:322 arg1 effects 285:291 the effects 281:291 the effects of these co-occurring stresses on fiber elongation 281:342 Soil waterlogging events and high temperature conditions occur frequently in the Yangtze River Valley, yet the effects of these co-occurring stresses on fiber elongation have received little attention. 28167033 2 60 theme -11.3 534:538 arg1 % 533:533 % 533:533 % 533:533 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 3 61 theme elongation 775:784 arg1 duration 763:770 the duration 759:770 the duration of elongation 759:784 High temperature accelerated early fiber development, but limited the duration of elongation, thereby limiting final fiber length. 28167033 7 62 theme activity 1579:1586 arg1 regulation 1503:1512 the regulation 1499:1512 the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length 1499:1647 However, combined elevated temperature and waterlogging limited primary cell wall synthesis by affecting GhCESAs genes and showed a negative impact on all three major osmotic solutes through the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length. 28167033 0 63 theme fiber 167:171 arg1 composition 106:116 osmolyte composition 97:116 osmolyte composition of the developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber 97:171 Combined elevated temperature and soil waterlogging stresses inhibit cell elongation by altering osmolyte composition of the developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber. 28167033 4 64 theme gene 963:966 arg1 GhSUT-1 968:974 the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1 939:974 the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1 939:974 Treatment of ET alone altered fiber sucrose content mainly through decreased source strength and the expression of the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1, making sucrose availability the primary determinant of final fiber length under ET. 28167033 7 65 theme combined 1317:1324 arg1 temperature 1335:1345 combined elevated temperature 1317:1345 combined elevated temperature 1317:1345 However, combined elevated temperature and waterlogging limited primary cell wall synthesis by affecting GhCESAs genes and showed a negative impact on all three major osmotic solutes through the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length. 28167033 7 66 theme primary 1372:1378 arg1 synthesis 1390:1398 primary cell wall synthesis 1372:1398 primary cell wall synthesis 1372:1398 However, combined elevated temperature and waterlogging limited primary cell wall synthesis by affecting GhCESAs genes and showed a negative impact on all three major osmotic solutes through the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length. 28167033 2 67 dep solutes 617:623 arg1 malate 635:640 malate 635:640 malate 635:640 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 2 67 dep solutes 617:623 arg1 K+ 647:648 K+ 647:648 K+ 647:648 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 2 67 dep solutes 617:623 arg1 sucrose 626:632 sucrose 626:632 sucrose 626:632 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 2 67 dep solutes 617:623 arg1 solutes 617:623 osmotically active solutes 598:623 osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+) 598:649 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 3 68 theme fiber 728:732 arg1 development 734:744 early fiber development 722:744 early fiber development 722:744 High temperature accelerated early fiber development, but limited the duration of elongation, thereby limiting final fiber length. 28167033 2 69 theme 5.4 530:532 arg1 % 533:533 % 533:533 % 533:533 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 7 70 theme osmotic 1475:1481 arg1 solutes 1483:1489 all three major osmotic solutes 1459:1489 all three major osmotic solutes 1459:1489 However, combined elevated temperature and waterlogging limited primary cell wall synthesis by affecting GhCESAs genes and showed a negative impact on all three major osmotic solutes through the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length. 28167033 7 71 theme elevated 1326:1333 arg1 temperature 1335:1345 combined elevated temperature 1317:1345 combined elevated temperature 1317:1345 However, combined elevated temperature and waterlogging limited primary cell wall synthesis by affecting GhCESAs genes and showed a negative impact on all three major osmotic solutes through the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length. 28167033 7 72 theme shorter 1628:1634 arg1 length 1642:1647 a shorter fiber length 1626:1647 a shorter fiber length 1626:1647 However, combined elevated temperature and waterlogging limited primary cell wall synthesis by affecting GhCESAs genes and showed a negative impact on all three major osmotic solutes through the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length. 28167033 4 73 theme sucrose 860:866 arg1 content 868:874 fiber sucrose content 854:874 fiber sucrose content 854:874 Treatment of ET alone altered fiber sucrose content mainly through decreased source strength and the expression of the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1, making sucrose availability the primary determinant of final fiber length under ET. 28167033 7 74 theme GhKT-1 1544:1549 arg1 expression 1551:1560 GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression 1526:1560 expression 1551:1560 However, combined elevated temperature and waterlogging limited primary cell wall synthesis by affecting GhCESAs genes and showed a negative impact on all three major osmotic solutes through the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length. 28167033 4 75 theme source 901:906 arg1 strength 908:915 decreased source strength 891:915 decreased source strength 891:915 Treatment of ET alone altered fiber sucrose content mainly through decreased source strength and the expression of the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1, making sucrose availability the primary determinant of final fiber length under ET. 28167033 2 76 dep length 511:516 arg1 reduced 519:525 reduced 519:525 reduced by 5.4%-11.3% 519:539 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 28167033 0 77 dep Gossypium 144:152 arg1 L. 163:164 Gossypium hirsutum L. 144:164 Gossypium hirsutum L. 144:164 Combined elevated temperature and soil waterlogging stresses inhibit cell elongation by altering osmolyte composition of the developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber. 28167033 5 78 theme sucrose 1189:1195 arg1 reduction 1197:1205 sucrose reduction 1189:1205 sucrose reduction 1189:1205 Waterlogging stress alone decreased source strength, down-regulated GhSUT-1 expression and enhanced SuSy catalytic activity for sucrose reduction. 28167033 0 79 theme cell 69:72 arg1 elongation 74:83 cell elongation 69:83 cell elongation 69:83 Combined elevated temperature and soil waterlogging stresses inhibit cell elongation by altering osmolyte composition of the developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber. 28167033 1 80 theme fiber 327:331 arg1 elongation 333:342 fiber elongation 327:342 fiber elongation 327:342 Soil waterlogging events and high temperature conditions occur frequently in the Yangtze River Valley, yet the effects of these co-occurring stresses on fiber elongation have received little attention. 28167033 3 81 theme early 722:726 arg1 development 734:744 early fiber development 722:744 early fiber development 722:744 High temperature accelerated early fiber development, but limited the duration of elongation, thereby limiting final fiber length. 28167033 4 82 theme transporter 951:961 arg1 GhSUT-1 968:974 the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1 939:974 the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1 939:974 Treatment of ET alone altered fiber sucrose content mainly through decreased source strength and the expression of the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1, making sucrose availability the primary determinant of final fiber length under ET. 28167033 3 83 theme final 804:808 arg1 length 816:821 final fiber length 804:821 final fiber length 804:821 High temperature accelerated early fiber development, but limited the duration of elongation, thereby limiting final fiber length. 28167033 2 84 theme final 499:503 arg1 length 511:516 final fiber length 499:516 final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) 499:540 In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. 24854167 8 0 theme guaiacyl 1403:1410 arg1 ratio 1412:1416 the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio 1390:1416 the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio in lignin 1390:1426 The rate of cellulose degradation was influenced by the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio in lignin. 24854167 6 1 theme weight 987:992 arg1 macromolecules 994:1007 medium molecular weight macromolecules 970:1007 medium molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose 970:1020 KEY RESULTS Upon infection, medium molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose were degraded in both the susceptible and tolerant elm hybrids, resulting in the occurrence of secondary cell wall ruptures and cracks in the vessels, but rarely in the fibres. 24854167 0 2 with hybrids 70:76 arg1 tolerance 97:105 a contrasting tolerance 83:105 a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease 83:126 Host responses and metabolic profiles of wood components in Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease. 24854167 1 3 theme following 232:240 arg1 attack 242:247 elm wood following attack 223:247 elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), 223:320 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), are poorly understood. 24854167 10 4 from decrease 1762:1769 arg1 content 1751:1757 lignin content 1744:1757 lignin content 1744:1757 Other responses of the hybrids included an increase in lignin content, a decrease in relative proportions of d-glucose, and an increase in proportions of d-xylose. 24854167 10 4 from decrease 1762:1769 arg1 proportions 1783:1793 relative proportions 1774:1793 relative proportions of d-glucose 1774:1806 Other responses of the hybrids included an increase in lignin content, a decrease in relative proportions of d-glucose, and an increase in proportions of d-xylose. 24854167 10 4 from decrease 1762:1769 arg1 proportions 1828:1838 proportions 1828:1838 proportions of d-xylose 1828:1850 Other responses of the hybrids included an increase in lignin content, a decrease in relative proportions of d-glucose, and an increase in proportions of d-xylose. 24854167 2 5 theme susceptible 498:508 arg1 clone 510:514 a susceptible clone 496:514 a susceptible clone 496:514 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 2 5 theme susceptible 498:508 arg1 Groeneveld 483:492 Groeneveld 483:492 Groeneveld 483:492 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 6 6 theme secondary 1117:1125 arg1 ruptures 1137:1144 secondary cell wall ruptures 1117:1144 secondary cell wall ruptures 1117:1144 KEY RESULTS Upon infection, medium molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose were degraded in both the susceptible and tolerant elm hybrids, resulting in the occurrence of secondary cell wall ruptures and cracks in the vessels, but rarely in the fibres. 24854167 7 7 theme regions 1308:1314 arg1 loss 1258:1261 loss 1258:1261 loss of crystalline and non-crystalline cellulose regions 1258:1314 The (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra revealed that loss of crystalline and non-crystalline cellulose regions occurred in parallel. 24854167 13 8 theme vanillin 2263:2270 arg1 plants 2322:2327 vanillin and vanillic acid with the DED-tolerant 'Dodoens' plants 2263:2327 vanillin and vanillic acid with the DED-tolerant 'Dodoens' plants 2263:2327 This finding was confirmed by the associations of vanillin and vanillic acid with the DED-tolerant 'Dodoens' plants in a multivariate analysis of wood traits. 24854167 9 9 theme weight 1554:1559 arg1 macromolecules 1561:1574 high molecular weight macromolecules 1539:1574 high molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose 1539:1587 Both hybrids commonly responded to the medium molecular weight cellulose degradation with the biosynthesis of high molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose, resulting in a significant increase in values for the degree of polymerization and polydispersity. 24854167 6 10 theme elm 1073:1075 arg1 hybrids 1077:1083 both the susceptible and tolerant elm hybrids 1039:1083 hybrids 1077:1083 KEY RESULTS Upon infection, medium molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose were degraded in both the susceptible and tolerant elm hybrids, resulting in the occurrence of secondary cell wall ruptures and cracks in the vessels, but rarely in the fibres. 24854167 6 11 theme cracks 1150:1155 arg1 occurrence 1103:1112 the occurrence 1099:1112 the occurrence of secondary cell wall ruptures and cracks in the vessels, but rarely in the fibres 1099:1196 KEY RESULTS Upon infection, medium molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose were degraded in both the susceptible and tolerant elm hybrids, resulting in the occurrence of secondary cell wall ruptures and cracks in the vessels, but rarely in the fibres. 24854167 7 12 theme crystalline 1266:1276 arg1 regions 1308:1314 crystalline and non-crystalline cellulose regions 1266:1314 crystalline and non-crystalline cellulose regions 1266:1314 The (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra revealed that loss of crystalline and non-crystalline cellulose regions occurred in parallel. 24854167 2 13 theme prevalent 625:633 arg1 strain 635:640 the current prevalent strain 613:640 the current prevalent strain of DED 613:647 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 6 14 theme ruptures 1137:1144 arg1 occurrence 1103:1112 the occurrence 1099:1112 the occurrence of secondary cell wall ruptures and cracks in the vessels, but rarely in the fibres 1099:1196 KEY RESULTS Upon infection, medium molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose were degraded in both the susceptible and tolerant elm hybrids, resulting in the occurrence of secondary cell wall ruptures and cracks in the vessels, but rarely in the fibres. 24854167 11 15 theme guaiacyl 1923:1930 arg1 ratio 1932:1936 the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio 1910:1936 the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio in lignin 1910:1946 Differential responses between the hybrids were found in the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio in lignin. 24854167 13 16 theme multivariate 2334:2345 arg1 analysis 2347:2354 a multivariate analysis 2332:2354 a multivariate analysis of wood traits 2332:2369 This finding was confirmed by the associations of vanillin and vanillic acid with the DED-tolerant 'Dodoens' plants in a multivariate analysis of wood traits. 24854167 11 17 theme syringyl 1914:1921 arg1 ratio 1932:1936 the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio 1910:1936 the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio in lignin 1910:1946 Differential responses between the hybrids were found in the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio in lignin. 24854167 6 18 theme wall 1132:1135 arg1 ruptures 1137:1144 secondary cell wall ruptures 1117:1144 secondary cell wall ruptures 1117:1144 KEY RESULTS Upon infection, medium molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose were degraded in both the susceptible and tolerant elm hybrids, resulting in the occurrence of secondary cell wall ruptures and cracks in the vessels, but rarely in the fibres. 24854167 11 19 located found 1901:1905 arg1 ratio 1932:1936 the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio 1910:1936 the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio in lignin 1910:1946 Differential responses between the hybrids were found in the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio in lignin. 24854167 11 19 located found 1901:1905 arg2 responses 1866:1874 Differential responses 1853:1874 Differential responses between the hybrids 1853:1894 Differential responses between the hybrids were found in the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio in lignin. 24854167 3 20 theme Ten-year-old 658:669 arg1 plants 671:676 Ten-year-old plants 658:676 METHODS Ten-year-old plants of the hybrid elms 650:695 METHODS Ten-year-old plants of the hybrid elms were inoculated with O. novo-ulmi ssp. 24854167 0 21 theme elm 116:118 arg1 disease 120:126 Dutch elm disease 110:126 Dutch elm disease 110:126 Host responses and metabolic profiles of wood components in Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease. 24854167 1 22 theme cell 199:202 arg1 components 209:218 cell wall components 199:218 cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), 199:320 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), are poorly understood. 24854167 9 23 theme significant 1605:1615 arg1 increase 1617:1624 a significant increase 1603:1624 a significant increase in values for the degree of polymerization and polydispersity 1603:1686 Both hybrids commonly responded to the medium molecular weight cellulose degradation with the biosynthesis of high molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose, resulting in a significant increase in values for the degree of polymerization and polydispersity. 24854167 7 24 theme resonance 1226:1234 arg1 spectra 1236:1242 The (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra 1199:1242 The (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra 1199:1242 The (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra revealed that loss of crystalline and non-crystalline cellulose regions occurred in parallel. 24854167 2 25 contain have 556:559 arg1 hybrids 473:479 two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids 451:479 two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids 451:479 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 2 25 contain have 556:559 arg1 Groeneveld 483:492 Groeneveld 483:492 Groeneveld 483:492 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 2 25 contain have 556:559 arg1 Dodoens 522:528 Dodoens 522:528 Dodoens 522:528 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 2 25 contain have 556:559 arg2 strategies 582:591 contrasting survival strategies 561:591 contrasting survival strategies 561:591 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 5 26 theme composition 929:939 arg1 content 789:795 the content 785:795 the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition 785:939 Measurements were made of the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition. 24854167 10 27 theme Other 1689:1693 arg1 responses 1695:1703 Other responses 1689:1703 Other responses of the hybrids 1689:1718 Other responses of the hybrids included an increase in lignin content, a decrease in relative proportions of d-glucose, and an increase in proportions of d-xylose. 24854167 9 28 theme high 1539:1542 arg1 weight 1554:1559 high molecular weight 1539:1559 high molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose 1539:1587 Both hybrids commonly responded to the medium molecular weight cellulose degradation with the biosynthesis of high molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose, resulting in a significant increase in values for the degree of polymerization and polydispersity. 24854167 7 29 theme nuclear 1209:1215 arg1 resonance 1226:1234 (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance 1203:1234 The (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra 1199:1242 The (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra revealed that loss of crystalline and non-crystalline cellulose regions occurred in parallel. 24854167 2 30 theme contrasting 561:571 arg1 strategies 582:591 contrasting survival strategies 561:591 contrasting survival strategies 561:591 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 3 31 theme hybrid 685:690 arg1 elms 692:695 the hybrid elms 681:695 the hybrid elms 681:695 METHODS Ten-year-old plants of the hybrid elms were inoculated with O. novo-ulmi ssp. 24854167 1 32 from components 209:218 arg1 attack 242:247 elm wood following attack 223:247 elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), 223:320 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), are poorly understood. 24854167 5 33 theme cell 805:808 arg1 components 815:824 main cell wall components 800:824 main cell wall components 800:824 Measurements were made of the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition. 24854167 3 34 theme novo-ulmi 721:729 arg1 ssp 731:733 O. novo-ulmi ssp 718:733 O. novo-ulmi ssp 718:733 METHODS Ten-year-old plants of the hybrid elms were inoculated with O. novo-ulmi ssp. 24854167 8 35 theme cellulose 1350:1358 arg1 degradation 1360:1370 cellulose degradation 1350:1370 cellulose degradation 1350:1370 The rate of cellulose degradation was influenced by the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio in lignin. 24854167 1 36 theme elm 303:305 arg1 DED 316:318 DED 316:318 DED 316:318 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), are poorly understood. 24854167 1 36 theme elm 303:305 arg1 disease 307:313 Dutch elm disease 297:313 Dutch elm disease (DED) 297:319 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), are poorly understood. 24854167 10 37 theme hybrids 1712:1718 arg1 responses 1695:1703 Other responses 1689:1703 Other responses of the hybrids 1689:1718 Other responses of the hybrids included an increase in lignin content, a decrease in relative proportions of d-glucose, and an increase in proportions of d-xylose. 24854167 1 38 theme BACKGROUND 129:138 arg1 Changes 149:155 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes 129:155 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), 129:320 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), are poorly understood. 24854167 9 39 from increase 1617:1624 arg1 values 1629:1634 values 1629:1634 values for the degree of polymerization and polydispersity 1629:1686 Both hybrids commonly responded to the medium molecular weight cellulose degradation with the biosynthesis of high molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose, resulting in a significant increase in values for the degree of polymerization and polydispersity. 24854167 2 40 theme wood 431:434 arg1 components 436:445 wood components 431:445 wood components 431:445 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 12 41 theme Dodoens 2142:2148 arg1 plants 2151:2156 'Dodoens' plants 2141:2156 'Dodoens' plants 2141:2156 CONCLUSIONS In susceptible 'Groeneveld' plants, syringyl-rich lignin provided a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation than in 'Dodoens', but only guaiacyl-rich lignin in 'Dodoens' plants was involved in successful defence against the fungus. 24854167 11 42 from ratio 1932:1936 arg1 lignin 1941:1946 lignin 1941:1946 lignin 1941:1946 Differential responses between the hybrids were found in the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio in lignin. 24854167 0 43 theme elm 66:68 arg1 hybrids 70:76 Dutch elm hybrids 60:76 Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease 60:126 Host responses and metabolic profiles of wood components in Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease. 24854167 1 44 theme AIMS 144:147 arg1 Changes 149:155 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes 129:155 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), 129:320 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), are poorly understood. 24854167 9 45 theme polymerization 1654:1667 arg1 degree 1644:1649 the degree 1640:1649 the degree of polymerization and polydispersity 1640:1686 Both hybrids commonly responded to the medium molecular weight cellulose degradation with the biosynthesis of high molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose, resulting in a significant increase in values for the degree of polymerization and polydispersity. 24854167 2 46 theme tolerant 534:541 arg1 Groeneveld 483:492 Groeneveld 483:492 Groeneveld 483:492 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 2 46 theme tolerant 534:541 arg1 clone 543:547 a tolerant clone 532:547 a tolerant clone 532:547 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 12 47 dep CONCLUSIONS 1949:1959 arg1 involved 2162:2169 involved 2162:2169 was involved in successful defence against the fungus 2158:2210 CONCLUSIONS In susceptible 'Groeneveld' plants, syringyl-rich lignin provided a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation than in 'Dodoens', but only guaiacyl-rich lignin in 'Dodoens' plants was involved in successful defence against the fungus. 24854167 12 47 dep CONCLUSIONS 1949:1959 arg1 provided 2018:2025 provided 2018:2025 provided a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation than in 'Dodoens' 2018:2105 CONCLUSIONS In susceptible 'Groeneveld' plants, syringyl-rich lignin provided a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation than in 'Dodoens', but only guaiacyl-rich lignin in 'Dodoens' plants was involved in successful defence against the fungus. 24854167 5 48 theme lignin 843:848 arg1 composition 858:868 lignin monomer composition 843:868 lignin monomer composition 843:868 Measurements were made of the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition. 24854167 2 49 theme Dutch 455:459 arg1 hybrids 473:479 two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids 451:479 two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids 451:479 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 2 49 theme Dutch 455:459 arg1 Groeneveld 483:492 Groeneveld 483:492 Groeneveld 483:492 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 2 49 theme Dutch 455:459 arg1 Dodoens 522:528 Dodoens 522:528 Dodoens 522:528 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 8 50 theme syringyl 1394:1401 arg1 ratio 1412:1416 the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio 1390:1416 the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio in lignin 1390:1426 The rate of cellulose degradation was influenced by the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio in lignin. 24854167 6 51 dep RESULTS 946:952 arg1 infection 959:967 infection 959:967 infection 959:967 KEY RESULTS Upon infection, medium molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose were degraded in both the susceptible and tolerant elm hybrids, resulting in the occurrence of secondary cell wall ruptures and cracks in the vessels, but rarely in the fibres. 24854167 13 52 with plants 2322:2327 arg1 DED-tolerant 2299:2310 DED-tolerant 2299:2310 DED-tolerant 2299:2310 This finding was confirmed by the associations of vanillin and vanillic acid with the DED-tolerant 'Dodoens' plants in a multivariate analysis of wood traits. 24854167 0 53 theme contrasting 85:95 arg1 tolerance 97:105 a contrasting tolerance 83:105 a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease 83:126 Host responses and metabolic profiles of wood components in Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease. 24854167 5 54 theme composition 858:868 arg1 content 789:795 the content 785:795 the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition 785:939 Measurements were made of the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition. 24854167 0 55 from profiles 29:36 arg1 hybrids 70:76 Dutch elm hybrids 60:76 Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease 60:126 Host responses and metabolic profiles of wood components in Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease. 24854167 13 56 theme acid 2285:2288 arg1 plants 2322:2327 vanillin and vanillic acid with the DED-tolerant 'Dodoens' plants 2263:2327 vanillin and vanillic acid with the DED-tolerant 'Dodoens' plants 2263:2327 This finding was confirmed by the associations of vanillin and vanillic acid with the DED-tolerant 'Dodoens' plants in a multivariate analysis of wood traits. 24854167 0 57 theme Host 0:3 arg1 responses 5:13 Host responses 0:13 Host responses 0:13 Host responses and metabolic profiles of wood components in Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease. 24854167 1 58 theme Ophiostoma 252:261 arg1 agent 288:292 the causative agent 274:292 the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED) 274:319 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), are poorly understood. 24854167 1 58 theme Ophiostoma 252:261 arg1 novo-ulmi 263:271 Ophiostoma novo-ulmi 252:271 Ophiostoma novo-ulmi 252:271 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), are poorly understood. 24854167 12 59 theme successful 2174:2183 arg1 defence 2185:2191 successful defence 2174:2191 successful defence against the fungus 2174:2210 CONCLUSIONS In susceptible 'Groeneveld' plants, syringyl-rich lignin provided a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation than in 'Dodoens', but only guaiacyl-rich lignin in 'Dodoens' plants was involved in successful defence against the fungus. 24854167 5 60 theme components 815:824 arg1 content 789:795 the content 785:795 the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition 785:939 Measurements were made of the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition. 24854167 7 61 theme non-crystalline 1282:1296 arg1 regions 1308:1314 crystalline and non-crystalline cellulose regions 1266:1314 crystalline and non-crystalline cellulose regions 1266:1314 The (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra revealed that loss of crystalline and non-crystalline cellulose regions occurred in parallel. 24854167 5 62 theme extractives 830:840 arg1 content 789:795 the content 785:795 the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition 785:939 Measurements were made of the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition. 24854167 10 63 from increase 1732:1739 arg1 content 1751:1757 lignin content 1744:1757 lignin content 1744:1757 Other responses of the hybrids included an increase in lignin content, a decrease in relative proportions of d-glucose, and an increase in proportions of d-xylose. 24854167 10 63 from increase 1732:1739 arg1 proportions 1783:1793 relative proportions 1774:1793 relative proportions of d-glucose 1774:1806 Other responses of the hybrids included an increase in lignin content, a decrease in relative proportions of d-glucose, and an increase in proportions of d-xylose. 24854167 10 63 from increase 1732:1739 arg1 proportions 1828:1838 proportions 1828:1838 proportions of d-xylose 1828:1850 Other responses of the hybrids included an increase in lignin content, a decrease in relative proportions of d-glucose, and an increase in proportions of d-xylose. 24854167 6 64 theme KEY 942:944 arg1 RESULTS 946:952 KEY RESULTS 942:952 KEY RESULTS 942:952 KEY RESULTS Upon infection, medium molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose were degraded in both the susceptible and tolerant elm hybrids, resulting in the occurrence of secondary cell wall ruptures and cracks in the vessels, but rarely in the fibres. 24854167 2 65 with infection 598:606 arg1 strain 635:640 the current prevalent strain 613:640 the current prevalent strain of DED 613:647 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 1 66 theme causative 278:286 arg1 agent 288:292 the causative agent 274:292 the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED) 274:319 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), are poorly understood. 24854167 1 66 theme causative 278:286 arg1 novo-ulmi 263:271 Ophiostoma novo-ulmi 252:271 Ophiostoma novo-ulmi 252:271 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), are poorly understood. 24854167 9 67 theme medium 1468:1473 arg1 weight 1485:1490 the medium molecular weight 1464:1490 the medium molecular weight cellulose degradation 1464:1512 Both hybrids commonly responded to the medium molecular weight cellulose degradation with the biosynthesis of high molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose, resulting in a significant increase in values for the degree of polymerization and polydispersity. 24854167 0 68 theme wood 41:44 arg1 components 46:55 wood components 41:55 wood components in Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease 41:126 Host responses and metabolic profiles of wood components in Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease. 24854167 5 69 theme saccharide 918:927 arg1 composition 929:939 neutral saccharide composition 910:939 neutral saccharide composition 910:939 Measurements were made of the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition. 24854167 12 70 theme greater 2033:2039 arg1 degree 2041:2046 a far greater degree 2027:2046 a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation 2027:2087 CONCLUSIONS In susceptible 'Groeneveld' plants, syringyl-rich lignin provided a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation than in 'Dodoens', but only guaiacyl-rich lignin in 'Dodoens' plants was involved in successful defence against the fungus. 24854167 1 71 theme wall 204:207 arg1 components 209:218 cell wall components 199:218 cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), 199:320 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), are poorly understood. 24854167 6 72 theme tolerant 1064:1071 arg1 hybrids 1077:1083 both the susceptible and tolerant elm hybrids 1039:1083 hybrids 1077:1083 KEY RESULTS Upon infection, medium molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose were degraded in both the susceptible and tolerant elm hybrids, resulting in the occurrence of secondary cell wall ruptures and cracks in the vessels, but rarely in the fibres. 24854167 5 73 theme macromolecular 871:884 arg1 traits 886:891 macromolecular traits 871:891 macromolecular traits of cellulose 871:904 Measurements were made of the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition. 24854167 6 74 theme cellulose 1012:1020 arg1 macromolecules 994:1007 medium molecular weight macromolecules 970:1007 medium molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose 970:1020 KEY RESULTS Upon infection, medium molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose were degraded in both the susceptible and tolerant elm hybrids, resulting in the occurrence of secondary cell wall ruptures and cracks in the vessels, but rarely in the fibres. 24854167 12 75 theme syringyl-rich 1997:2009 arg1 lignin 2011:2016 syringyl-rich lignin 1997:2016 syringyl-rich lignin 1997:2016 CONCLUSIONS In susceptible 'Groeneveld' plants, syringyl-rich lignin provided a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation than in 'Dodoens', but only guaiacyl-rich lignin in 'Dodoens' plants was involved in successful defence against the fungus. 24854167 10 76 theme d-glucose 1798:1806 arg1 proportions 1783:1793 relative proportions 1774:1793 relative proportions of d-glucose 1774:1806 Other responses of the hybrids included an increase in lignin content, a decrease in relative proportions of d-glucose, and an increase in proportions of d-xylose. 24854167 12 77 from degree 2041:2046 arg1 degradation 2077:2087 cellulose degradation 2067:2087 cellulose degradation 2067:2087 CONCLUSIONS In susceptible 'Groeneveld' plants, syringyl-rich lignin provided a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation than in 'Dodoens', but only guaiacyl-rich lignin in 'Dodoens' plants was involved in successful defence against the fungus. 24854167 1 78 theme wood 227:230 arg1 attack 242:247 elm wood following attack 223:247 elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), 223:320 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), are poorly understood. 24854167 6 79 theme molecular 977:985 arg1 macromolecules 994:1007 medium molecular weight macromolecules 970:1007 medium molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose 970:1020 KEY RESULTS Upon infection, medium molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose were degraded in both the susceptible and tolerant elm hybrids, resulting in the occurrence of secondary cell wall ruptures and cracks in the vessels, but rarely in the fibres. 24854167 9 80 theme molecular 1475:1483 arg1 weight 1485:1490 the medium molecular weight 1464:1490 the medium molecular weight cellulose degradation 1464:1512 Both hybrids commonly responded to the medium molecular weight cellulose degradation with the biosynthesis of high molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose, resulting in a significant increase in values for the degree of polymerization and polydispersity. 24854167 9 81 theme molecular 1544:1552 arg1 weight 1554:1559 high molecular weight 1539:1559 high molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose 1539:1587 Both hybrids commonly responded to the medium molecular weight cellulose degradation with the biosynthesis of high molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose, resulting in a significant increase in values for the degree of polymerization and polydispersity. 24854167 2 82 theme DED 645:647 arg1 strain 635:640 the current prevalent strain 613:640 the current prevalent strain of DED 613:647 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 13 83 theme wood 2359:2362 arg1 traits 2364:2369 wood traits 2359:2369 wood traits 2359:2369 This finding was confirmed by the associations of vanillin and vanillic acid with the DED-tolerant 'Dodoens' plants in a multivariate analysis of wood traits. 24854167 9 84 theme macromolecules 1561:1574 arg1 biosynthesis 1523:1534 the biosynthesis 1519:1534 the biosynthesis of high molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose 1519:1587 Both hybrids commonly responded to the medium molecular weight cellulose degradation with the biosynthesis of high molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose, resulting in a significant increase in values for the degree of polymerization and polydispersity. 24854167 7 85 theme cellulose 1298:1306 arg1 regions 1308:1314 crystalline and non-crystalline cellulose regions 1266:1314 crystalline and non-crystalline cellulose regions 1266:1314 The (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra revealed that loss of crystalline and non-crystalline cellulose regions occurred in parallel. 24854167 9 86 dep weight 1485:1490 arg1 degradation 1502:1512 cellulose degradation 1492:1512 the medium molecular weight cellulose degradation 1464:1512 Both hybrids commonly responded to the medium molecular weight cellulose degradation with the biosynthesis of high molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose, resulting in a significant increase in values for the degree of polymerization and polydispersity. 24854167 9 87 theme cellulose 1579:1587 arg1 macromolecules 1561:1574 high molecular weight macromolecules 1539:1574 high molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose 1539:1587 Both hybrids commonly responded to the medium molecular weight cellulose degradation with the biosynthesis of high molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose, resulting in a significant increase in values for the degree of polymerization and polydispersity. 24854167 6 88 theme susceptible 1048:1058 arg1 hybrids 1077:1083 both the susceptible and tolerant elm hybrids 1039:1083 hybrids 1077:1083 KEY RESULTS Upon infection, medium molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose were degraded in both the susceptible and tolerant elm hybrids, resulting in the occurrence of secondary cell wall ruptures and cracks in the vessels, but rarely in the fibres. 24854167 10 89 theme d-xylose 1843:1850 arg1 proportions 1828:1838 proportions 1828:1838 proportions of d-xylose 1828:1850 Other responses of the hybrids included an increase in lignin content, a decrease in relative proportions of d-glucose, and an increase in proportions of d-xylose. 24854167 0 90 theme Dutch 110:114 arg1 disease 120:126 Dutch elm disease 110:126 Dutch elm disease 110:126 Host responses and metabolic profiles of wood components in Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease. 24854167 13 91 theme traits 2364:2369 arg1 analysis 2347:2354 a multivariate analysis 2332:2354 a multivariate analysis of wood traits 2332:2369 This finding was confirmed by the associations of vanillin and vanillic acid with the DED-tolerant 'Dodoens' plants in a multivariate analysis of wood traits. 24854167 1 92 theme macromolecular 174:187 arg1 traits 189:194 the macromolecular traits 170:194 the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), 170:320 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), are poorly understood. 24854167 0 93 from hybrids 70:76 arg1 responses 5:13 Host responses 0:13 Host responses 0:13 Host responses and metabolic profiles of wood components in Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease. 24854167 0 93 from hybrids 70:76 arg1 profiles 29:36 metabolic profiles 19:36 metabolic profiles 19:36 Host responses and metabolic profiles of wood components in Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease. 24854167 12 94 theme Groeneveld 1977:1986 arg1 plants 1989:1994 susceptible 'Groeneveld' plants 1964:1994 susceptible 'Groeneveld' plants 1964:1994 CONCLUSIONS In susceptible 'Groeneveld' plants, syringyl-rich lignin provided a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation than in 'Dodoens', but only guaiacyl-rich lignin in 'Dodoens' plants was involved in successful defence against the fungus. 24854167 2 95 theme Ulmus 466:470 arg1 hybrids 473:479 two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids 451:479 two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids 451:479 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 2 95 theme Ulmus 466:470 arg1 Groeneveld 483:492 Groeneveld 483:492 Groeneveld 483:492 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 2 95 theme Ulmus 466:470 arg1 Dodoens 522:528 Dodoens 522:528 Dodoens 522:528 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 6 96 theme cell 1127:1130 arg1 ruptures 1137:1144 secondary cell wall ruptures 1117:1144 secondary cell wall ruptures 1117:1144 KEY RESULTS Upon infection, medium molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose were degraded in both the susceptible and tolerant elm hybrids, resulting in the occurrence of secondary cell wall ruptures and cracks in the vessels, but rarely in the fibres. 24854167 6 97 dep hybrids 1077:1083 arg1 both 1039:1042 both 1039:1042 both 1039:1042 KEY RESULTS Upon infection, medium molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose were degraded in both the susceptible and tolerant elm hybrids, resulting in the occurrence of secondary cell wall ruptures and cracks in the vessels, but rarely in the fibres. 24854167 13 98 dep plants 2322:2327 arg1 Dodoens 2313:2319 Dodoens 2313:2319 Dodoens 2313:2319 This finding was confirmed by the associations of vanillin and vanillic acid with the DED-tolerant 'Dodoens' plants in a multivariate analysis of wood traits. 24854167 10 99 from increase 1816:1823 arg1 content 1751:1757 lignin content 1744:1757 lignin content 1744:1757 Other responses of the hybrids included an increase in lignin content, a decrease in relative proportions of d-glucose, and an increase in proportions of d-xylose. 24854167 10 99 from increase 1816:1823 arg1 proportions 1783:1793 relative proportions 1774:1793 relative proportions of d-glucose 1774:1806 Other responses of the hybrids included an increase in lignin content, a decrease in relative proportions of d-glucose, and an increase in proportions of d-xylose. 24854167 10 99 from increase 1816:1823 arg1 proportions 1828:1838 proportions 1828:1838 proportions of d-xylose 1828:1850 Other responses of the hybrids included an increase in lignin content, a decrease in relative proportions of d-glucose, and an increase in proportions of d-xylose. 24854167 1 100 from attack 242:247 arg1 traits 189:194 the macromolecular traits 170:194 the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), 170:320 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), are poorly understood. 24854167 2 101 theme survival 573:580 arg1 strategies 582:591 contrasting survival strategies 561:591 contrasting survival strategies 561:591 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 13 102 theme plants 2322:2327 arg1 associations 2247:2258 the associations 2243:2258 the associations of vanillin and vanillic acid with the DED-tolerant 'Dodoens' plants 2243:2327 This finding was confirmed by the associations of vanillin and vanillic acid with the DED-tolerant 'Dodoens' plants in a multivariate analysis of wood traits. 24854167 1 103 from traits 189:194 arg1 attack 242:247 elm wood following attack 223:247 elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), 223:320 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), are poorly understood. 24854167 5 104 theme main 800:803 arg1 components 815:824 main cell wall components 800:824 main cell wall components 800:824 Measurements were made of the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition. 24854167 8 105 theme degradation 1360:1370 arg1 rate 1342:1345 The rate 1338:1345 The rate of cellulose degradation 1338:1370 The rate of cellulose degradation was influenced by the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio in lignin. 24854167 7 106 theme magnetic 1217:1224 arg1 resonance 1226:1234 (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance 1203:1234 The (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra 1199:1242 The (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra revealed that loss of crystalline and non-crystalline cellulose regions occurred in parallel. 24854167 2 107 theme current 617:623 arg1 strain 635:640 the current prevalent strain 613:640 the current prevalent strain of DED 613:647 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 12 108 theme susceptible 1964:1974 arg1 plants 1989:1994 susceptible 'Groeneveld' plants 1964:1994 susceptible 'Groeneveld' plants 1964:1994 CONCLUSIONS In susceptible 'Groeneveld' plants, syringyl-rich lignin provided a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation than in 'Dodoens', but only guaiacyl-rich lignin in 'Dodoens' plants was involved in successful defence against the fungus. 24854167 3 109 theme elms 692:695 arg1 plants 671:676 Ten-year-old plants 658:676 METHODS Ten-year-old plants of the hybrid elms 650:695 METHODS Ten-year-old plants of the hybrid elms were inoculated with O. novo-ulmi ssp. 24854167 0 110 theme Dutch 60:64 arg1 hybrids 70:76 Dutch elm hybrids 60:76 Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease 60:126 Host responses and metabolic profiles of wood components in Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease. 24854167 11 111 theme Differential 1853:1864 arg1 responses 1866:1874 Differential responses 1853:1874 Differential responses between the hybrids 1853:1894 Differential responses between the hybrids were found in the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio in lignin. 24854167 2 112 theme components 436:445 arg1 responses 391:399 host responses 386:399 host responses 386:399 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 2 112 theme components 436:445 arg1 profiles 419:426 the metabolic profiles 405:426 the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED 405:647 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 7 113 theme C 1207:1207 arg1 resonance 1226:1234 (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance 1203:1234 The (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra 1199:1242 The (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra revealed that loss of crystalline and non-crystalline cellulose regions occurred in parallel. 24854167 1 114 theme disease 307:313 arg1 agent 288:292 the causative agent 274:292 the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED) 274:319 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), are poorly understood. 24854167 1 114 theme disease 307:313 arg1 novo-ulmi 263:271 Ophiostoma novo-ulmi 252:271 Ophiostoma novo-ulmi 252:271 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), are poorly understood. 24854167 0 115 from responses 5:13 arg1 hybrids 70:76 Dutch elm hybrids 60:76 Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease 60:126 Host responses and metabolic profiles of wood components in Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease. 24854167 6 116 from occurrence 1103:1112 arg1 vessels 1164:1170 the vessels 1160:1170 the vessels 1160:1170 KEY RESULTS Upon infection, medium molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose were degraded in both the susceptible and tolerant elm hybrids, resulting in the occurrence of secondary cell wall ruptures and cracks in the vessels, but rarely in the fibres. 24854167 6 116 from occurrence 1103:1112 arg1 fibres 1191:1196 the fibres 1187:1196 the fibres 1187:1196 KEY RESULTS Upon infection, medium molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose were degraded in both the susceptible and tolerant elm hybrids, resulting in the occurrence of secondary cell wall ruptures and cracks in the vessels, but rarely in the fibres. 24854167 3 117 theme O. 718:719 arg1 ssp 731:733 O. novo-ulmi ssp 718:733 O. novo-ulmi ssp 718:733 METHODS Ten-year-old plants of the hybrid elms were inoculated with O. novo-ulmi ssp. 24854167 2 118 theme elm 461:463 arg1 hybrids 473:479 two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids 451:479 two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids 451:479 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 2 118 theme elm 461:463 arg1 Groeneveld 483:492 Groeneveld 483:492 Groeneveld 483:492 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 2 118 theme elm 461:463 arg1 Dodoens 522:528 Dodoens 522:528 Dodoens 522:528 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 0 119 from components 46:55 arg1 hybrids 70:76 Dutch elm hybrids 60:76 Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease 60:126 Host responses and metabolic profiles of wood components in Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease. 24854167 12 120 from lignin 2131:2136 arg1 plants 2151:2156 'Dodoens' plants 2141:2156 'Dodoens' plants 2141:2156 CONCLUSIONS In susceptible 'Groeneveld' plants, syringyl-rich lignin provided a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation than in 'Dodoens', but only guaiacyl-rich lignin in 'Dodoens' plants was involved in successful defence against the fungus. 24854167 3 121 dep METHODS 650:656 arg1 plants 671:676 Ten-year-old plants 658:676 METHODS Ten-year-old plants of the hybrid elms 650:695 METHODS Ten-year-old plants of the hybrid elms were inoculated with O. novo-ulmi ssp. 24854167 5 122 theme monomer 850:856 arg1 composition 858:868 lignin monomer composition 843:868 lignin monomer composition 843:868 Measurements were made of the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition. 24854167 6 123 theme medium 970:975 arg1 macromolecules 994:1007 medium molecular weight macromolecules 970:1007 medium molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose 970:1020 KEY RESULTS Upon infection, medium molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose were degraded in both the susceptible and tolerant elm hybrids, resulting in the occurrence of secondary cell wall ruptures and cracks in the vessels, but rarely in the fibres. 24854167 9 124 theme polydispersity 1673:1686 arg1 degree 1644:1649 the degree 1640:1649 the degree of polymerization and polydispersity 1640:1686 Both hybrids commonly responded to the medium molecular weight cellulose degradation with the biosynthesis of high molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose, resulting in a significant increase in values for the degree of polymerization and polydispersity. 24854167 5 125 theme wall 810:813 arg1 components 815:824 main cell wall components 800:824 main cell wall components 800:824 Measurements were made of the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition. 24854167 12 126 theme guaiacyl-rich 2117:2129 arg1 lignin 2131:2136 only guaiacyl-rich lignin 2112:2136 only guaiacyl-rich lignin in 'Dodoens' plants 2112:2156 CONCLUSIONS In susceptible 'Groeneveld' plants, syringyl-rich lignin provided a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation than in 'Dodoens', but only guaiacyl-rich lignin in 'Dodoens' plants was involved in successful defence against the fungus. 24854167 2 127 theme host 386:389 arg1 responses 391:399 host responses 386:399 host responses 386:399 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 0 128 theme metabolic 19:27 arg1 profiles 29:36 metabolic profiles 19:36 metabolic profiles 19:36 Host responses and metabolic profiles of wood components in Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease. 24854167 13 129 theme vanillic 2276:2283 arg1 acid 2285:2288 vanillic acid 2276:2288 vanillic acid 2276:2288 This finding was confirmed by the associations of vanillin and vanillic acid with the DED-tolerant 'Dodoens' plants in a multivariate analysis of wood traits. 24854167 2 130 theme study 365:369 arg1 purpose 349:355 The purpose 345:355 The purpose of this study 345:369 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 8 131 from ratio 1412:1416 arg1 lignin 1421:1426 lignin 1421:1426 lignin 1421:1426 The rate of cellulose degradation was influenced by the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio in lignin. 24854167 5 132 theme cellulose 896:904 arg1 traits 886:891 macromolecular traits 871:891 macromolecular traits of cellulose 871:904 Measurements were made of the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition. 24854167 5 132 theme cellulose 896:904 arg1 composition 929:939 neutral saccharide composition 910:939 neutral saccharide composition 910:939 Measurements were made of the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition. 24854167 5 132 theme cellulose 896:904 arg1 extractives 830:840 extractives 830:840 extractives 830:840 Measurements were made of the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition. 24854167 5 132 theme cellulose 896:904 arg1 components 815:824 main cell wall components 800:824 main cell wall components 800:824 Measurements were made of the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition. 24854167 5 132 theme cellulose 896:904 arg1 composition 858:868 lignin monomer composition 843:868 lignin monomer composition 843:868 Measurements were made of the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition. 24854167 2 133 theme metabolic 409:417 arg1 profiles 419:426 the metabolic profiles 405:426 the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED 405:647 The purpose of this study was to compare host responses and the metabolic profiles of wood components for two Dutch elm (Ulmus) hybrids, 'Groeneveld' (a susceptible clone) and 'Dodoens' (a tolerant clone), that have contrasting survival strategies upon infection with the current prevalent strain of DED. 24854167 10 134 theme lignin 1744:1749 arg1 content 1751:1757 lignin content 1744:1757 lignin content 1744:1757 Other responses of the hybrids included an increase in lignin content, a decrease in relative proportions of d-glucose, and an increase in proportions of d-xylose. 24854167 12 135 theme protection 2051:2060 arg1 degree 2041:2046 a far greater degree 2027:2046 a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation 2027:2087 CONCLUSIONS In susceptible 'Groeneveld' plants, syringyl-rich lignin provided a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation than in 'Dodoens', but only guaiacyl-rich lignin in 'Dodoens' plants was involved in successful defence against the fungus. 24854167 0 136 theme components 46:55 arg1 responses 5:13 Host responses 0:13 Host responses 0:13 Host responses and metabolic profiles of wood components in Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease. 24854167 0 136 theme components 46:55 arg1 profiles 29:36 metabolic profiles 19:36 metabolic profiles 19:36 Host responses and metabolic profiles of wood components in Dutch elm hybrids with a contrasting tolerance to Dutch elm disease. 24854167 5 137 theme neutral 910:916 arg1 composition 929:939 neutral saccharide composition 910:939 neutral saccharide composition 910:939 Measurements were made of the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition. 24854167 10 138 theme relative 1774:1781 arg1 proportions 1783:1793 relative proportions 1774:1793 relative proportions of d-glucose 1774:1806 Other responses of the hybrids included an increase in lignin content, a decrease in relative proportions of d-glucose, and an increase in proportions of d-xylose. 24854167 12 139 theme cellulose 2067:2075 arg1 degradation 2077:2087 cellulose degradation 2067:2087 cellulose degradation 2067:2087 CONCLUSIONS In susceptible 'Groeneveld' plants, syringyl-rich lignin provided a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation than in 'Dodoens', but only guaiacyl-rich lignin in 'Dodoens' plants was involved in successful defence against the fungus. 24854167 12 140 from degradation 2077:2087 arg1 degree 2041:2046 a far greater degree 2027:2046 a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation 2027:2087 CONCLUSIONS In susceptible 'Groeneveld' plants, syringyl-rich lignin provided a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation than in 'Dodoens', but only guaiacyl-rich lignin in 'Dodoens' plants was involved in successful defence against the fungus. 24854167 12 140 from degradation 2077:2087 arg1 protection 2051:2060 protection 2051:2060 protection from cellulose degradation 2051:2087 CONCLUSIONS In susceptible 'Groeneveld' plants, syringyl-rich lignin provided a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation than in 'Dodoens', but only guaiacyl-rich lignin in 'Dodoens' plants was involved in successful defence against the fungus. 24854167 1 141 theme Dutch 297:301 arg1 DED 316:318 DED 316:318 DED 316:318 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), are poorly understood. 24854167 1 141 theme Dutch 297:301 arg1 disease 307:313 Dutch elm disease 297:313 Dutch elm disease (DED) 297:319 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), are poorly understood. 24854167 9 142 theme cellulose 1492:1500 arg1 degradation 1502:1512 cellulose degradation 1492:1512 the medium molecular weight cellulose degradation 1464:1512 Both hybrids commonly responded to the medium molecular weight cellulose degradation with the biosynthesis of high molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose, resulting in a significant increase in values for the degree of polymerization and polydispersity. 24854167 1 143 theme components 209:218 arg1 traits 189:194 the macromolecular traits 170:194 the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), 170:320 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), are poorly understood. 24854167 5 144 theme traits 886:891 arg1 content 789:795 the content 785:795 the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition 785:939 Measurements were made of the content of main cell wall components and extractives, lignin monomer composition, macromolecular traits of cellulose and neutral saccharide composition. 24854167 1 145 theme elm 223:225 arg1 attack 242:247 elm wood following attack 223:247 elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), 223:320 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes occurring in the macromolecular traits of cell wall components in elm wood following attack by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), are poorly understood. 26597454 9 0 theme Vogesella 1723:1731 arg1 sp.nov 1740:1745 the name Vogesella oryzae sp.nov 1714:1745 the name Vogesella oryzae sp.nov 1714:1745 Based on the results obtained from the polyphasic taxonomic approach we conclude that the strains belong to a novel Vogesella species for which the name Vogesella oryzae sp.nov. 26597454 3 1 theme exudates 606:613 arg1 components 577:586 malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components 507:586 malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates 507:613 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 3 2 from growth 450:455 arg1 medium 479:484 nitrogen free agar medium 460:484 nitrogen free agar medium 460:484 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 8 3 theme major 1466:1470 arg1 quinone 1484:1490 the major respiratory quinone 1462:1490 the major respiratory quinone 1462:1490 These novel strains contain C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C16:0 as major fatty acids, ubiquinone Q-8 as the major respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 26597454 3 4 theme normal 641:646 arg1 residents 666:674 normal plant rhizosphere residents 641:674 normal plant rhizosphere residents 641:674 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 3 4 theme normal 641:646 arg1 they 632:635 they 632:635 they 632:635 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 2 5 theme tolerant 229:236 arg1 rice 246:249 saline tolerant pokkali rice 222:249 saline tolerant pokkali rice 222:249 Three strains, namely L3B39(T), L3D16, and L1E9, were obtained while studying the cultivable rhizosphere bacteria of saline tolerant pokkali rice, at Kerala, India. 26597454 8 6 theme polar 1556:1560 arg1 lipids 1562:1567 major polar lipids 1550:1567 major polar lipids 1550:1567 These novel strains contain C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C16:0 as major fatty acids, ubiquinone Q-8 as the major respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 26597454 11 7 theme T 1802:1802 arg1 T 1815:1815 T 1815:1815 T 1815:1815 The type strain is L3B39(T) (= LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780(T)). 26597454 11 7 theme T 1802:1802 arg1 28780 1809:1813 = LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780 1790:1813 = LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780(T) 1790:1816 The type strain is L3B39(T) (= LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780(T)). 26597454 6 8 theme LMG 1125:1127 arg1 T 1135:1135 T 1135:1135 T 1135:1135 DNA-DNA hybridization values among these novel strains were above 85% andthat with Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) was below 50%. 26597454 6 8 theme LMG 1125:1127 arg1 24214 1129:1133 Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214 1105:1133 Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) was below 50% 1105:1150 DNA-DNA hybridization values among these novel strains were above 85% andthat with Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) was below 50%. 26597454 3 9 from deaminase 436:444 arg1 medium 479:484 nitrogen free agar medium 460:484 nitrogen free agar medium 460:484 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 3 10 theme acid 513:516 arg1 components 577:586 malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components 507:586 malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates 507:613 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 6 11 theme DNA-DNA 1022:1028 arg1 hybridization 1030:1042 DNA-DNA hybridization 1022:1042 DNA-DNA hybridization values among these novel strains 1022:1075 DNA-DNA hybridization values among these novel strains were above 85% andthat with Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) was below 50%. 26597454 3 12 theme rhizosphere 654:664 arg1 residents 666:674 normal plant rhizosphere residents 641:674 normal plant rhizosphere residents 641:674 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 3 12 theme rhizosphere 654:664 arg1 they 632:635 they 632:635 they 632:635 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 5 13 theme type 958:961 arg1 strain 963:968 the type strain 954:968 the type strain with highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity 954:1010 Vogesella perlucida DS-28(T) was the type strain with highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity (97.59%). 26597454 5 13 theme type 958:961 arg1 DS-28 941:945 Vogesella perlucida DS-28 921:945 Vogesella perlucida DS-28(T) 921:948 Vogesella perlucida DS-28(T) was the type strain with highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity (97.59%). 26597454 2 14 theme rice 246:249 arg1 bacteria 210:217 the cultivable rhizosphere bacteria 183:217 the cultivable rhizosphere bacteria of saline tolerant pokkali rice 183:249 Three strains, namely L3B39(T), L3D16, and L1E9, were obtained while studying the cultivable rhizosphere bacteria of saline tolerant pokkali rice, at Kerala, India. 26597454 4 15 theme described 845:853 arg1 strains 860:866 the previously described type strains 830:866 the previously described type strains of this genus 830:880 The 16S rRNA gene analysis placed these strains in the genus Vogesella, forming a separate branch independent of the previously described type strains of this genus in all tree making algorithms applied. 26597454 6 16 theme perlucida 1115:1123 arg1 T 1135:1135 T 1135:1135 T 1135:1135 DNA-DNA hybridization values among these novel strains were above 85% andthat with Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) was below 50%. 26597454 6 16 theme perlucida 1115:1123 arg1 24214 1129:1133 Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214 1105:1133 Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) was below 50% 1105:1150 DNA-DNA hybridization values among these novel strains were above 85% andthat with Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) was below 50%. 26597454 3 17 theme D-glucose 528:536 arg1 components 577:586 malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components 507:586 malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates 507:613 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 4 18 theme separate 799:806 arg1 branch 808:813 a separate branch 797:813 a separate branch independent of the previously described type strains of this genus 797:880 The 16S rRNA gene analysis placed these strains in the genus Vogesella, forming a separate branch independent of the previously described type strains of this genus in all tree making algorithms applied. 26597454 3 19 theme known 688:692 arg1 benefits 694:701 yet known benefits 684:701 yet known benefits to the plant 684:714 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 3 20 theme citrate 519:525 arg1 components 577:586 malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components 507:586 malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates 507:613 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 4 21 theme independent 815:825 arg1 branch 808:813 a separate branch 797:813 a separate branch independent of the previously described type strains of this genus 797:880 The 16S rRNA gene analysis placed these strains in the genus Vogesella, forming a separate branch independent of the previously described type strains of this genus in all tree making algorithms applied. 26597454 2 22 theme rhizosphere 198:208 arg1 bacteria 210:217 the cultivable rhizosphere bacteria 183:217 the cultivable rhizosphere bacteria of saline tolerant pokkali rice 183:249 Three strains, namely L3B39(T), L3D16, and L1E9, were obtained while studying the cultivable rhizosphere bacteria of saline tolerant pokkali rice, at Kerala, India. 26597454 6 23 with andthat 1092:1098 arg1 T 1135:1135 T 1135:1135 T 1135:1135 DNA-DNA hybridization values among these novel strains were above 85% andthat with Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) was below 50%. 26597454 6 23 with andthat 1092:1098 arg1 24214 1129:1133 Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214 1105:1133 Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) was below 50% 1105:1150 DNA-DNA hybridization values among these novel strains were above 85% andthat with Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) was below 50%. 26597454 3 24 theme L-arabinose 539:549 arg1 components 577:586 malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components 507:586 malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates 507:613 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 4 25 theme tree 889:892 arg1 algorithms 901:910 all tree making algorithms 885:910 all tree making algorithms applied 885:918 The 16S rRNA gene analysis placed these strains in the genus Vogesella, forming a separate branch independent of the previously described type strains of this genus in all tree making algorithms applied. 26597454 3 26 from assays 340:345 arg1 medium 479:484 nitrogen free agar medium 460:484 nitrogen free agar medium 460:484 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 4 27 theme strains 860:866 arg1 independent 815:825 independent 815:825 independent 815:825 The 16S rRNA gene analysis placed these strains in the genus Vogesella, forming a separate branch independent of the previously described type strains of this genus in all tree making algorithms applied. 26597454 5 28 theme 16S 983:985 arg1 similarity 1001:1010 highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity 975:1010 highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity 975:1010 Vogesella perlucida DS-28(T) was the type strain with highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity (97.59%). 26597454 7 29 theme NaCl 1274:1277 arg1 tolerance 1279:1287 NaCl tolerance 1274:1287 NaCl tolerance 1274:1287 Phenotypically, the novel strains can be differentiated from Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) by many characters such as NaCl tolerance, growth temperature, and utilization of L-arabinose, D-maltose, and citrate. 26597454 3 30 theme novel 274:278 arg1 strains 280:286 The novel strains 270:286 The novel strains 270:286 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 3 30 theme novel 274:278 arg1 negative 293:300 negative 293:300 negative 293:300 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 5 31 theme sequence 992:999 arg1 similarity 1001:1010 highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity 975:1010 highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity 975:1010 Vogesella perlucida DS-28(T) was the type strain with highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity (97.59%). 26597454 3 32 theme plant 311:315 arg1 growth 317:322 many plant growth 306:322 many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium 306:484 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 11 33 theme =DSM 1804:1807 arg1 T 1815:1815 T 1815:1815 T 1815:1815 The type strain is L3B39(T) (= LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780(T)). 26597454 11 33 theme =DSM 1804:1807 arg1 28780 1809:1813 = LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780 1790:1813 = LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780(T) 1790:1816 The type strain is L3B39(T) (= LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780(T)). 26597454 1 34 theme saline 75:80 arg1 rice 99:102 saline tolerant pokkali rice 75:102 saline tolerant pokkali rice 75:102 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of saline tolerant pokkali rice. 26597454 7 35 theme novel 1173:1177 arg1 strains 1179:1185 the novel strains 1169:1185 the novel strains 1169:1185 Phenotypically, the novel strains can be differentiated from Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) by many characters such as NaCl tolerance, growth temperature, and utilization of L-arabinose, D-maltose, and citrate. 26597454 8 36 theme novel 1372:1376 arg1 strains 1378:1384 These novel strains 1366:1384 These novel strains 1366:1384 These novel strains contain C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C16:0 as major fatty acids, ubiquinone Q-8 as the major respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 26597454 3 37 theme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate 396:428 arg1 deaminase 436:444 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase 396:444 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase 396:444 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 0 38 theme Vogesella 15:23 arg1 sp 32:33 Vogesella oryzae sp 15:33 Vogesella oryzae sp 15:33 Description of Vogesella oryzae sp. 26597454 3 39 theme agar 474:477 arg1 medium 479:484 nitrogen free agar medium 460:484 nitrogen free agar medium 460:484 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 1 40 theme pokkali 91:97 arg1 rice 99:102 saline tolerant pokkali rice 75:102 saline tolerant pokkali rice 75:102 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of saline tolerant pokkali rice. 26597454 4 41 theme gene 730:733 arg1 analysis 735:742 The 16S rRNA gene analysis 717:742 The 16S rRNA gene analysis 717:742 The 16S rRNA gene analysis placed these strains in the genus Vogesella, forming a separate branch independent of the previously described type strains of this genus in all tree making algorithms applied. 26597454 5 42 with strain 963:968 arg1 similarity 1001:1010 highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity 975:1010 highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity 975:1010 Vogesella perlucida DS-28(T) was the type strain with highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity (97.59%). 26597454 0 43 theme sp 32:33 arg1 Description 0:10 Description 0:10 Description of Vogesella oryzae sp. 0:34 Description of Vogesella oryzae sp. 26597454 5 44 theme perlucida 931:939 arg1 strain 963:968 the type strain 954:968 the type strain with highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity 954:1010 Vogesella perlucida DS-28(T) was the type strain with highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity (97.59%). 26597454 5 44 theme perlucida 931:939 arg1 T 947:947 T 947:947 T 947:947 Vogesella perlucida DS-28(T) was the type strain with highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity (97.59%). 26597454 5 44 theme perlucida 931:939 arg1 DS-28 941:945 Vogesella perlucida DS-28 921:945 Vogesella perlucida DS-28(T) 921:948 Vogesella perlucida DS-28(T) was the type strain with highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity (97.59%). 26597454 9 45 theme novel 1680:1684 arg1 species 1696:1702 a novel Vogesella species 1678:1702 a novel Vogesella species for which the name Vogesella oryzae sp.nov 1678:1745 Based on the results obtained from the polyphasic taxonomic approach we conclude that the strains belong to a novel Vogesella species for which the name Vogesella oryzae sp.nov. 26597454 7 46 theme D-maltose 1342:1350 arg1 tolerance 1279:1287 NaCl tolerance 1274:1287 NaCl tolerance 1274:1287 Phenotypically, the novel strains can be differentiated from Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) by many characters such as NaCl tolerance, growth temperature, and utilization of L-arabinose, D-maltose, and citrate. 26597454 7 46 theme D-maltose 1342:1350 arg1 temperature 1297:1307 growth temperature 1290:1307 growth temperature 1290:1307 Phenotypically, the novel strains can be differentiated from Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) by many characters such as NaCl tolerance, growth temperature, and utilization of L-arabinose, D-maltose, and citrate. 26597454 7 46 theme D-maltose 1342:1350 arg1 utilization 1314:1324 utilization 1314:1324 utilization of L-arabinose, D-maltose, and citrate 1314:1363 Phenotypically, the novel strains can be differentiated from Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) by many characters such as NaCl tolerance, growth temperature, and utilization of L-arabinose, D-maltose, and citrate. 26597454 11 47 theme = 1790:1790 arg1 T 1815:1815 T 1815:1815 T 1815:1815 The type strain is L3B39(T) (= LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780(T)). 26597454 11 47 theme = 1790:1790 arg1 28780 1809:1813 = LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780 1790:1813 = LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780(T) 1790:1816 The type strain is L3B39(T) (= LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780(T)). 26597454 3 48 theme root 601:604 arg1 exudates 606:613 the plant root exudates 591:613 the plant root exudates 591:613 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 3 49 theme ACC 431:433 arg1 deaminase 436:444 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase 396:444 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase 396:444 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 8 50 theme respiratory 1472:1482 arg1 quinone 1484:1490 the major respiratory quinone 1462:1490 the major respiratory quinone 1462:1490 These novel strains contain C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C16:0 as major fatty acids, ubiquinone Q-8 as the major respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 26597454 7 51 theme L-arabinose 1329:1339 arg1 tolerance 1279:1287 NaCl tolerance 1274:1287 NaCl tolerance 1274:1287 Phenotypically, the novel strains can be differentiated from Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) by many characters such as NaCl tolerance, growth temperature, and utilization of L-arabinose, D-maltose, and citrate. 26597454 7 51 theme L-arabinose 1329:1339 arg1 temperature 1297:1307 growth temperature 1290:1307 growth temperature 1290:1307 Phenotypically, the novel strains can be differentiated from Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) by many characters such as NaCl tolerance, growth temperature, and utilization of L-arabinose, D-maltose, and citrate. 26597454 7 51 theme L-arabinose 1329:1339 arg1 utilization 1314:1324 utilization 1314:1324 utilization of L-arabinose, D-maltose, and citrate 1314:1363 Phenotypically, the novel strains can be differentiated from Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) by many characters such as NaCl tolerance, growth temperature, and utilization of L-arabinose, D-maltose, and citrate. 26597454 8 52 theme fatty 1431:1435 arg1 C16:0 1416:1420 C16:0 1416:1420 C16:0 1416:1420 These novel strains contain C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C16:0 as major fatty acids, ubiquinone Q-8 as the major respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 26597454 8 52 theme fatty 1431:1435 arg1 C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c 1394:1410 C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c 1394:1410 C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c 1394:1410 These novel strains contain C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C16:0 as major fatty acids, ubiquinone Q-8 as the major respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 26597454 8 52 theme fatty 1431:1435 arg1 acids 1437:1441 major fatty acids 1425:1441 major fatty acids 1425:1441 These novel strains contain C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C16:0 as major fatty acids, ubiquinone Q-8 as the major respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 26597454 4 53 theme 16S 721:723 arg1 rRNA 725:728 The 16S rRNA 717:728 The 16S rRNA gene analysis 717:742 The 16S rRNA gene analysis placed these strains in the genus Vogesella, forming a separate branch independent of the previously described type strains of this genus in all tree making algorithms applied. 26597454 3 54 theme nitrogen 460:467 arg1 medium 479:484 nitrogen free agar medium 460:484 nitrogen free agar medium 460:484 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 9 55 theme name 1718:1721 arg1 sp.nov 1740:1745 the name Vogesella oryzae sp.nov 1714:1745 the name Vogesella oryzae sp.nov 1714:1745 Based on the results obtained from the polyphasic taxonomic approach we conclude that the strains belong to a novel Vogesella species for which the name Vogesella oryzae sp.nov. 26597454 5 56 dep strain 963:968 arg1 % 1018:1018 97.59% 1013:1018 97.59% 1013:1018 Vogesella perlucida DS-28(T) was the type strain with highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity (97.59%). 26597454 4 57 theme genus 772:776 arg1 Vogesella 778:786 the genus Vogesella 768:786 the genus Vogesella 768:786 The 16S rRNA gene analysis placed these strains in the genus Vogesella, forming a separate branch independent of the previously described type strains of this genus in all tree making algorithms applied. 26597454 9 58 theme oryzae 1733:1738 arg1 sp.nov 1740:1745 the name Vogesella oryzae sp.nov 1714:1745 the name Vogesella oryzae sp.nov 1714:1745 Based on the results obtained from the polyphasic taxonomic approach we conclude that the strains belong to a novel Vogesella species for which the name Vogesella oryzae sp.nov. 26597454 2 59 theme pokkali 238:244 arg1 rice 246:249 saline tolerant pokkali rice 222:249 saline tolerant pokkali rice 222:249 Three strains, namely L3B39(T), L3D16, and L1E9, were obtained while studying the cultivable rhizosphere bacteria of saline tolerant pokkali rice, at Kerala, India. 26597454 7 60 theme growth 1290:1295 arg1 temperature 1297:1307 growth temperature 1290:1307 growth temperature 1290:1307 Phenotypically, the novel strains can be differentiated from Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) by many characters such as NaCl tolerance, growth temperature, and utilization of L-arabinose, D-maltose, and citrate. 26597454 6 61 theme novel 1063:1067 arg1 strains 1069:1075 these novel strains 1057:1075 these novel strains 1057:1075 DNA-DNA hybridization values among these novel strains were above 85% andthat with Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) was below 50%. 26597454 3 62 theme plant 648:652 arg1 residents 666:674 normal plant rhizosphere residents 641:674 normal plant rhizosphere residents 641:674 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 3 62 theme plant 648:652 arg1 they 632:635 they 632:635 they 632:635 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 2 63 theme saline 222:227 arg1 rice 246:249 saline tolerant pokkali rice 222:249 saline tolerant pokkali rice 222:249 Three strains, namely L3B39(T), L3D16, and L1E9, were obtained while studying the cultivable rhizosphere bacteria of saline tolerant pokkali rice, at Kerala, India. 26597454 8 64 theme major 1550:1554 arg1 lipids 1562:1567 major polar lipids 1550:1567 major polar lipids 1550:1567 These novel strains contain C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C16:0 as major fatty acids, ubiquinone Q-8 as the major respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 26597454 11 65 dep L3B39 1780:1784 arg1 T 1815:1815 T 1815:1815 T 1815:1815 The type strain is L3B39(T) (= LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780(T)). 26597454 11 65 dep L3B39 1780:1784 arg1 28780 1809:1813 = LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780 1790:1813 = LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780(T) 1790:1816 The type strain is L3B39(T) (= LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780(T)). 26597454 3 66 theme plate 334:338 arg1 assays 340:345 plate assays 334:345 plate assays such as phytohormone 334:366 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 3 66 theme plate 334:338 arg1 phytohormone 355:366 phytohormone 355:366 phytohormone 355:366 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 3 67 theme malic 507:511 arg1 acid 513:516 malic acid 507:516 malic acid 507:516 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 7 68 theme many 1250:1253 arg1 tolerance 1279:1287 NaCl tolerance 1274:1287 NaCl tolerance 1274:1287 Phenotypically, the novel strains can be differentiated from Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) by many characters such as NaCl tolerance, growth temperature, and utilization of L-arabinose, D-maltose, and citrate. 26597454 7 68 theme many 1250:1253 arg1 temperature 1297:1307 growth temperature 1290:1307 growth temperature 1290:1307 Phenotypically, the novel strains can be differentiated from Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) by many characters such as NaCl tolerance, growth temperature, and utilization of L-arabinose, D-maltose, and citrate. 26597454 7 68 theme many 1250:1253 arg1 utilization 1314:1324 utilization 1314:1324 utilization of L-arabinose, D-maltose, and citrate 1314:1363 Phenotypically, the novel strains can be differentiated from Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) by many characters such as NaCl tolerance, growth temperature, and utilization of L-arabinose, D-maltose, and citrate. 26597454 7 68 theme many 1250:1253 arg1 characters 1255:1264 many characters 1250:1264 many characters such as NaCl tolerance, growth temperature, and utilization of L-arabinose, D-maltose, and citrate 1250:1363 Phenotypically, the novel strains can be differentiated from Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) by many characters such as NaCl tolerance, growth temperature, and utilization of L-arabinose, D-maltose, and citrate. 26597454 6 69 theme hybridization 1030:1042 arg1 values 1044:1049 DNA-DNA hybridization values 1022:1049 DNA-DNA hybridization values among these novel strains 1022:1075 DNA-DNA hybridization values among these novel strains were above 85% andthat with Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) was below 50%. 26597454 6 70 theme Vogesella 1105:1113 arg1 T 1135:1135 T 1135:1135 T 1135:1135 DNA-DNA hybridization values among these novel strains were above 85% andthat with Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) was below 50%. 26597454 6 70 theme Vogesella 1105:1113 arg1 24214 1129:1133 Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214 1105:1133 Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) was below 50% 1105:1150 DNA-DNA hybridization values among these novel strains were above 85% andthat with Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) was below 50%. 26597454 9 71 theme taxonomic 1620:1628 arg1 approach 1630:1637 the polyphasic taxonomic approach 1605:1637 the polyphasic taxonomic approach 1605:1637 Based on the results obtained from the polyphasic taxonomic approach we conclude that the strains belong to a novel Vogesella species for which the name Vogesella oryzae sp.nov. 26597454 5 72 theme highest 975:981 arg1 similarity 1001:1010 highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity 975:1010 highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity 975:1010 Vogesella perlucida DS-28(T) was the type strain with highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity (97.59%). 26597454 1 73 theme rice 99:102 arg1 rhizosphere 60:70 the rhizosphere 56:70 the rhizosphere of saline tolerant pokkali rice 56:102 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of saline tolerant pokkali rice. 26597454 11 74 theme LMG 1792:1794 arg1 T 1815:1815 T 1815:1815 T 1815:1815 The type strain is L3B39(T) (= LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780(T)). 26597454 11 74 theme LMG 1792:1794 arg1 28780 1809:1813 = LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780 1790:1813 = LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780(T) 1790:1816 The type strain is L3B39(T) (= LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780(T)). 26597454 8 75 contain contain 1386:1392 arg2 C16:0 1416:1420 C16:0 1416:1420 C16:0 1416:1420 These novel strains contain C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C16:0 as major fatty acids, ubiquinone Q-8 as the major respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 26597454 8 75 contain contain 1386:1392 arg2 C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c 1394:1410 C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c 1394:1410 C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c 1394:1410 These novel strains contain C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C16:0 as major fatty acids, ubiquinone Q-8 as the major respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 26597454 8 75 contain contain 1386:1392 arg1 strains 1378:1384 These novel strains 1366:1384 These novel strains 1366:1384 These novel strains contain C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C16:0 as major fatty acids, ubiquinone Q-8 as the major respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 26597454 8 75 contain contain 1386:1392 arg2 acids 1437:1441 major fatty acids 1425:1441 major fatty acids 1425:1441 These novel strains contain C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C16:0 as major fatty acids, ubiquinone Q-8 as the major respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 26597454 2 76 theme cultivable 187:196 arg1 bacteria 210:217 the cultivable rhizosphere bacteria 183:217 the cultivable rhizosphere bacteria of saline tolerant pokkali rice 183:249 Three strains, namely L3B39(T), L3D16, and L1E9, were obtained while studying the cultivable rhizosphere bacteria of saline tolerant pokkali rice, at Kerala, India. 26597454 4 77 theme genus 876:880 arg1 strains 860:866 the previously described type strains 830:866 the previously described type strains of this genus 830:880 The 16S rRNA gene analysis placed these strains in the genus Vogesella, forming a separate branch independent of the previously described type strains of this genus in all tree making algorithms applied. 26597454 9 78 theme polyphasic 1609:1618 arg1 approach 1630:1637 the polyphasic taxonomic approach 1605:1637 the polyphasic taxonomic approach 1605:1637 Based on the results obtained from the polyphasic taxonomic approach we conclude that the strains belong to a novel Vogesella species for which the name Vogesella oryzae sp.nov. 26597454 4 79 theme type 855:858 arg1 strains 860:866 the previously described type strains 830:866 the previously described type strains of this genus 830:880 The 16S rRNA gene analysis placed these strains in the genus Vogesella, forming a separate branch independent of the previously described type strains of this genus in all tree making algorithms applied. 26597454 5 80 theme rRNA 987:990 arg1 similarity 1001:1010 highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity 975:1010 highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity 975:1010 Vogesella perlucida DS-28(T) was the type strain with highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity (97.59%). 26597454 3 81 theme siderophore 372:382 arg1 production 384:393 siderophore production 372:393 siderophore production 372:393 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 0 82 theme oryzae 25:30 arg1 sp 32:33 Vogesella oryzae sp 15:33 Vogesella oryzae sp 15:33 Description of Vogesella oryzae sp. 26597454 1 83 theme tolerant 82:89 arg1 rice 99:102 saline tolerant pokkali rice 75:102 saline tolerant pokkali rice 75:102 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of saline tolerant pokkali rice. 26597454 3 84 theme many 306:309 arg1 growth 317:322 many plant growth 306:322 many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium 306:484 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 3 85 theme important 567:575 arg1 components 577:586 malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components 507:586 malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates 507:613 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 5 86 theme Vogesella 921:929 arg1 strain 963:968 the type strain 954:968 the type strain with highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity 954:1010 Vogesella perlucida DS-28(T) was the type strain with highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity (97.59%). 26597454 5 86 theme Vogesella 921:929 arg1 T 947:947 T 947:947 T 947:947 Vogesella perlucida DS-28(T) was the type strain with highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity (97.59%). 26597454 5 86 theme Vogesella 921:929 arg1 DS-28 941:945 Vogesella perlucida DS-28 921:945 Vogesella perlucida DS-28(T) 921:948 Vogesella perlucida DS-28(T) was the type strain with highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity (97.59%). 26597454 4 87 theme making 894:899 arg1 algorithms 901:910 all tree making algorithms 885:910 all tree making algorithms applied 885:918 The 16S rRNA gene analysis placed these strains in the genus Vogesella, forming a separate branch independent of the previously described type strains of this genus in all tree making algorithms applied. 26597454 3 88 theme D-maltose 556:564 arg1 components 577:586 malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components 507:586 malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates 507:613 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 4 89 theme rRNA 725:728 arg1 analysis 735:742 The 16S rRNA gene analysis 717:742 The 16S rRNA gene analysis 717:742 The 16S rRNA gene analysis placed these strains in the genus Vogesella, forming a separate branch independent of the previously described type strains of this genus in all tree making algorithms applied. 26597454 3 90 from production 384:393 arg1 medium 479:484 nitrogen free agar medium 460:484 nitrogen free agar medium 460:484 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 11 91 theme type 1765:1768 arg1 L3B39 1780:1784 L3B39 1780:1784 L3B39(T) (= LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780(T)) 1780:1817 The type strain is L3B39(T) (= LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780(T)). 26597454 11 91 theme type 1765:1768 arg1 strain 1770:1775 The type strain 1761:1775 The type strain 1761:1775 The type strain is L3B39(T) (= LMG 28272(T)=DSM 28780(T)). 26597454 7 92 theme citrate 1357:1363 arg1 tolerance 1279:1287 NaCl tolerance 1274:1287 NaCl tolerance 1274:1287 Phenotypically, the novel strains can be differentiated from Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) by many characters such as NaCl tolerance, growth temperature, and utilization of L-arabinose, D-maltose, and citrate. 26597454 7 92 theme citrate 1357:1363 arg1 temperature 1297:1307 growth temperature 1290:1307 growth temperature 1290:1307 Phenotypically, the novel strains can be differentiated from Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) by many characters such as NaCl tolerance, growth temperature, and utilization of L-arabinose, D-maltose, and citrate. 26597454 7 92 theme citrate 1357:1363 arg1 utilization 1314:1324 utilization 1314:1324 utilization of L-arabinose, D-maltose, and citrate 1314:1363 Phenotypically, the novel strains can be differentiated from Vogesella perlucida LMG 24214(T) by many characters such as NaCl tolerance, growth temperature, and utilization of L-arabinose, D-maltose, and citrate. 26597454 9 93 theme Vogesella 1686:1694 arg1 species 1696:1702 a novel Vogesella species 1678:1702 a novel Vogesella species for which the name Vogesella oryzae sp.nov 1678:1745 Based on the results obtained from the polyphasic taxonomic approach we conclude that the strains belong to a novel Vogesella species for which the name Vogesella oryzae sp.nov. 26597454 8 94 theme major 1425:1429 arg1 C16:0 1416:1420 C16:0 1416:1420 C16:0 1416:1420 These novel strains contain C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C16:0 as major fatty acids, ubiquinone Q-8 as the major respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 26597454 8 94 theme major 1425:1429 arg1 C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c 1394:1410 C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c 1394:1410 C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c 1394:1410 These novel strains contain C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C16:0 as major fatty acids, ubiquinone Q-8 as the major respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 26597454 8 94 theme major 1425:1429 arg1 acids 1437:1441 major fatty acids 1425:1441 major fatty acids 1425:1441 These novel strains contain C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C16:0 as major fatty acids, ubiquinone Q-8 as the major respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 26597454 3 95 theme plant 595:599 arg1 exudates 606:613 the plant root exudates 591:613 the plant root exudates 591:613 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26597454 8 96 theme ubiquinone 1444:1453 arg1 Q-8 1455:1457 ubiquinone Q-8 1444:1457 ubiquinone Q-8 as the major respiratory quinone 1444:1490 These novel strains contain C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c and C16:0 as major fatty acids, ubiquinone Q-8 as the major respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. 26597454 3 97 theme free 469:472 arg1 medium 479:484 nitrogen free agar medium 460:484 nitrogen free agar medium 460:484 The novel strains were negative for many plant growth promoting plate assays such as phytohormone and siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and growth in nitrogen free agar medium but found to utilize malic acid, citrate, D-glucose, L-arabinose, and D-maltose, important components of the plant root exudates, indicating that they are normal plant rhizosphere residents without yet known benefits to the plant. 26394885 3 0 theme wall 285:288 arg1 peptidoglycan 290:302 the cell wall peptidoglycan 276:302 the cell wall peptidoglycan 276:302 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found in the cell wall peptidoglycan, the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipids as the major components, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 26394885 2 1 dep spore-forming 61:73 arg1 rod-shaped 76:85 rod-shaped 76:85 rod-shaped 76:85 A spore-forming, rod-shaped Gram-strain-positive bacterium, strain 656.84T, was isolated from human faeces in 1984. 26394885 9 2 theme type 1190:1193 arg1 656.84T 1205:1211 656.84T 1205:1211 656.84T ( = DSM 23593T = CIP 101062T) 1205:1241 nov. is proposed; the type strain is 656.84T ( = DSM 23593T = CIP 101062T). 26394885 9 2 theme type 1190:1193 arg1 strain 1195:1200 the type strain 1186:1200 the type strain 1186:1200 nov. is proposed; the type strain is 656.84T ( = DSM 23593T = CIP 101062T). 26394885 8 3 theme name 1138:1141 arg1 sp 1164:1165 the name Paenibacillus faecis sp 1134:1165 the name Paenibacillus faecis sp 1134:1165 On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic results, strain 656.84T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus faecis sp. 26394885 7 4 theme DNA-DNA 757:763 arg1 relatedness 765:775 DNA-DNA relatedness 757:775 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 656.84T and Paenibacillus timonensis CIP 108005T and Paenibacillus barengoltzii CIP 109354T 757:882 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 656.84T and Paenibacillus timonensis CIP 108005T and Paenibacillus barengoltzii CIP 109354T were 17.3 % and 36.8 %, respectively, indicating that strain 656.84T represents a distinct species. 26394885 5 5 theme studies 588:594 arg1 results 542:548 The results 538:548 The results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 538:594 The results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies placed strain 656.84T within the genus Paenibacillus. 26394885 7 6 theme relatedness 765:775 arg1 Levels 747:752 Levels 747:752 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 656.84T and Paenibacillus timonensis CIP 108005T and Paenibacillus barengoltzii CIP 109354T 747:882 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 656.84T and Paenibacillus timonensis CIP 108005T and Paenibacillus barengoltzii CIP 109354T were 17.3 % and 36.8 %, respectively, indicating that strain 656.84T represents a distinct species. 26394885 4 7 theme G+C 511:513 arg1 % 535:535 52.9 mol% 527:535 52.9 mol% 527:535 The DNA G+C content was 52.9 mol%. 26394885 4 7 theme G+C 511:513 arg1 content 515:521 The DNA G+C content 503:521 The DNA G+C content 503:521 The DNA G+C content was 52.9 mol%. 26394885 8 8 theme novel 1078:1082 arg1 species 1084:1090 a novel species 1076:1090 a novel species 1076:1090 On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic results, strain 656.84T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus faecis sp. 26394885 1 9 theme human 45:49 arg1 faeces 51:56 human faeces 45:56 human faeces 45:56 nov., isolated from human faeces. 26394885 7 10 theme distinct 966:973 arg1 species 975:981 a distinct species 964:981 a distinct species 964:981 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 656.84T and Paenibacillus timonensis CIP 108005T and Paenibacillus barengoltzii CIP 109354T were 17.3 % and 36.8 %, respectively, indicating that strain 656.84T represents a distinct species. 26394885 5 11 theme strain 603:608 arg1 656.84T 610:616 strain 656.84T 603:616 strain 656.84T 603:616 The results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies placed strain 656.84T within the genus Paenibacillus. 26394885 8 12 theme genotypic 1015:1023 arg1 results 1025:1031 phenotypic and genotypic results 1000:1031 phenotypic and genotypic results 1000:1031 On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic results, strain 656.84T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus faecis sp. 26394885 3 13 theme polar 309:313 arg1 profile 321:327 the polar lipid profile 305:327 the polar lipid profile 305:327 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found in the cell wall peptidoglycan, the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipids as the major components, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 26394885 8 14 theme strain 1034:1039 arg1 656.84T 1041:1047 strain 656.84T 1034:1047 strain 656.84T 1034:1047 On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic results, strain 656.84T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus faecis sp. 26394885 3 15 theme fatty 226:230 arg1 acid 258:261 meso-diaminopimelic acid 238:261 meso-diaminopimelic acid 238:261 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found in the cell wall peptidoglycan, the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipids as the major components, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 26394885 3 15 theme fatty 226:230 arg1 acid 232:235 the major cellular fatty acid 207:235 the major cellular fatty acid 207:235 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found in the cell wall peptidoglycan, the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipids as the major components, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 26394885 3 16 theme major 443:447 arg1 components 449:458 the major components 439:458 the major components 439:458 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found in the cell wall peptidoglycan, the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipids as the major components, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 26394885 3 17 theme lipid 315:319 arg1 profile 321:327 the polar lipid profile 305:327 the polar lipid profile 305:327 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found in the cell wall peptidoglycan, the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipids as the major components, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 26394885 9 18 theme 23593T = CIP 1221:1232 arg1 656.84T 1205:1211 656.84T 1205:1211 656.84T ( = DSM 23593T = CIP 101062T) 1205:1241 nov. is proposed; the type strain is 656.84T ( = DSM 23593T = CIP 101062T). 26394885 9 18 theme 23593T = CIP 1221:1232 arg1 101062T 1234:1240  = DSM 23593T = CIP 101062T 1214:1240  = DSM 23593T = CIP 101062T 1214:1240 nov. is proposed; the type strain is 656.84T ( = DSM 23593T = CIP 101062T). 26394885 5 19 theme 16S 565:567 arg1 studies 588:594 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 553:594 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 553:594 The results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies placed strain 656.84T within the genus Paenibacillus. 26394885 6 20 theme Paenibacillus 721:733 arg1 timonensis 735:744 Paenibacillus timonensis 721:744 Paenibacillus timonensis 721:744 Its closest phylogenetic relatives were Paenibacillus barengoltzii and Paenibacillus timonensis. 26394885 0 21 theme faecis 14:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Paenibacillus faecis sp 0:22 Paenibacillus faecis sp. 0:23 Paenibacillus faecis sp. 26394885 7 22 theme CIP 829:831 arg1 108005T 833:839 Paenibacillus timonensis CIP 108005T 804:839 Paenibacillus timonensis CIP 108005T 804:839 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 656.84T and Paenibacillus timonensis CIP 108005T and Paenibacillus barengoltzii CIP 109354T were 17.3 % and 36.8 %, respectively, indicating that strain 656.84T represents a distinct species. 26394885 3 23 theme major 211:215 arg1 acid 258:261 meso-diaminopimelic acid 238:261 meso-diaminopimelic acid 238:261 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found in the cell wall peptidoglycan, the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipids as the major components, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 26394885 3 23 theme major 211:215 arg1 acid 232:235 the major cellular fatty acid 207:235 the major cellular fatty acid 207:235 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found in the cell wall peptidoglycan, the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipids as the major components, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 26394885 5 24 theme rRNA 569:572 arg1 studies 588:594 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 553:594 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 553:594 The results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies placed strain 656.84T within the genus Paenibacillus. 26394885 0 25 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 21:22 Paenibacillus faecis sp 0:22 Paenibacillus faecis sp. 0:23 Paenibacillus faecis sp. 26394885 7 26 theme barengoltzii 859:870 arg1 109354T 876:882 Paenibacillus barengoltzii CIP 109354T 845:882 Paenibacillus barengoltzii CIP 109354T 845:882 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 656.84T and Paenibacillus timonensis CIP 108005T and Paenibacillus barengoltzii CIP 109354T were 17.3 % and 36.8 %, respectively, indicating that strain 656.84T represents a distinct species. 26394885 3 27 theme cellular 217:224 arg1 acid 258:261 meso-diaminopimelic acid 238:261 meso-diaminopimelic acid 238:261 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found in the cell wall peptidoglycan, the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipids as the major components, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 26394885 3 27 theme cellular 217:224 arg1 acid 232:235 the major cellular fatty acid 207:235 the major cellular fatty acid 207:235 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found in the cell wall peptidoglycan, the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipids as the major components, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 26394885 5 28 theme gene 574:577 arg1 studies 588:594 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 553:594 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 553:594 The results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies placed strain 656.84T within the genus Paenibacillus. 26394885 7 29 theme CIP 872:874 arg1 109354T 876:882 Paenibacillus barengoltzii CIP 109354T 845:882 Paenibacillus barengoltzii CIP 109354T 845:882 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 656.84T and Paenibacillus timonensis CIP 108005T and Paenibacillus barengoltzii CIP 109354T were 17.3 % and 36.8 %, respectively, indicating that strain 656.84T represents a distinct species. 26394885 5 30 theme sequence 579:586 arg1 studies 588:594 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 553:594 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 553:594 The results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies placed strain 656.84T within the genus Paenibacillus. 26394885 6 31 theme Paenibacillus 690:702 arg1 barengoltzii 704:715 Paenibacillus barengoltzii 690:715 Paenibacillus barengoltzii 690:715 Its closest phylogenetic relatives were Paenibacillus barengoltzii and Paenibacillus timonensis. 26394885 3 32 contain contained 178:186 arg2 anteiso-C15  188:199 anteiso-C15  188:199 anteiso-C15  188:199 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found in the cell wall peptidoglycan, the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipids as the major components, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 26394885 3 32 contain contained 178:186 arg1 It 175:176 It 175:176 It 175:176 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found in the cell wall peptidoglycan, the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipids as the major components, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 26394885 8 33 theme Paenibacillus 1109:1121 arg1 genus 1103:1107 the genus Paenibacillus 1099:1121 the genus Paenibacillus 1099:1121 On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic results, strain 656.84T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus faecis sp. 26394885 3 34 theme predominant 469:479 arg1 MK-7 497:500 MK-7 497:500 MK-7 497:500 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found in the cell wall peptidoglycan, the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipids as the major components, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 26394885 3 34 theme predominant 469:479 arg1 menaquinone 481:491 the predominant menaquinone 465:491 the predominant menaquinone 465:491 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found in the cell wall peptidoglycan, the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipids as the major components, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 26394885 3 35 located found 267:271 arg1 peptidoglycan 290:302 the cell wall peptidoglycan 276:302 the cell wall peptidoglycan 276:302 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found in the cell wall peptidoglycan, the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipids as the major components, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 26394885 3 35 located found 267:271 arg2  0 201:202  0 201:202  0 as the major cellular fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid 201:261 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found in the cell wall peptidoglycan, the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipids as the major components, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 26394885 2 36 theme Gram-strain-positive 87:106 arg1 strain 119:124 strain 656.84T 119:132 strain 656.84T 119:132 A spore-forming, rod-shaped Gram-strain-positive bacterium, strain 656.84T, was isolated from human faeces in 1984. 26394885 2 36 theme Gram-strain-positive 87:106 arg1 bacterium 108:116 A spore-forming, rod-shaped Gram-strain-positive bacterium 59:116 A spore-forming, rod-shaped Gram-strain-positive bacterium 59:116 A spore-forming, rod-shaped Gram-strain-positive bacterium, strain 656.84T, was isolated from human faeces in 1984. 26394885 3 37 theme meso-diaminopimelic 238:256 arg1 acid 258:261 meso-diaminopimelic acid 238:261 meso-diaminopimelic acid 238:261 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found in the cell wall peptidoglycan, the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipids as the major components, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 26394885 3 37 theme meso-diaminopimelic 238:256 arg1 acid 232:235 the major cellular fatty acid 207:235 the major cellular fatty acid 207:235 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found in the cell wall peptidoglycan, the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipids as the major components, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 26394885 7 38 theme timonensis 818:827 arg1 108005T 833:839 Paenibacillus timonensis CIP 108005T 804:839 Paenibacillus timonensis CIP 108005T 804:839 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 656.84T and Paenibacillus timonensis CIP 108005T and Paenibacillus barengoltzii CIP 109354T were 17.3 % and 36.8 %, respectively, indicating that strain 656.84T represents a distinct species. 26394885 4 39 theme 52.9 mol 527:534 arg1 % 535:535 52.9 mol% 527:535 52.9 mol% 527:535 The DNA G+C content was 52.9 mol%. 26394885 4 39 theme 52.9 mol 527:534 arg1 content 515:521 The DNA G+C content 503:521 The DNA G+C content 503:521 The DNA G+C content was 52.9 mol%. 26394885 7 40 theme Paenibacillus 845:857 arg1 109354T 876:882 Paenibacillus barengoltzii CIP 109354T 845:882 Paenibacillus barengoltzii CIP 109354T 845:882 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 656.84T and Paenibacillus timonensis CIP 108005T and Paenibacillus barengoltzii CIP 109354T were 17.3 % and 36.8 %, respectively, indicating that strain 656.84T represents a distinct species. 26394885 2 41 theme human 153:157 arg1 faeces 159:164 human faeces 153:164 human faeces in 1984 153:172 A spore-forming, rod-shaped Gram-strain-positive bacterium, strain 656.84T, was isolated from human faeces in 1984. 26394885 2 42 attach isolated 139:146 arg2 bacterium 108:116 A spore-forming, rod-shaped Gram-strain-positive bacterium 59:116 A spore-forming, rod-shaped Gram-strain-positive bacterium 59:116 A spore-forming, rod-shaped Gram-strain-positive bacterium, strain 656.84T, was isolated from human faeces in 1984. 26394885 2 42 attach isolated 139:146 arg1 faeces 159:164 human faeces 153:164 human faeces in 1984 153:172 A spore-forming, rod-shaped Gram-strain-positive bacterium, strain 656.84T, was isolated from human faeces in 1984. 26394885 2 42 attach isolated 139:146 arg2 strain 119:124 strain 656.84T 119:132 strain 656.84T 119:132 A spore-forming, rod-shaped Gram-strain-positive bacterium, strain 656.84T, was isolated from human faeces in 1984. 26394885 7 43 theme Paenibacillus 804:816 arg1 108005T 833:839 Paenibacillus timonensis CIP 108005T 804:839 Paenibacillus timonensis CIP 108005T 804:839 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 656.84T and Paenibacillus timonensis CIP 108005T and Paenibacillus barengoltzii CIP 109354T were 17.3 % and 36.8 %, respectively, indicating that strain 656.84T represents a distinct species. 26394885 3 44 theme cell 280:283 arg1 peptidoglycan 290:302 the cell wall peptidoglycan 276:302 the cell wall peptidoglycan 276:302 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found in the cell wall peptidoglycan, the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipids as the major components, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 26394885 5 45 theme Paenibacillus 635:647 arg1 genus 629:633 the genus Paenibacillus 625:647 the genus Paenibacillus 625:647 The results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies placed strain 656.84T within the genus Paenibacillus. 26394885 6 46 theme phylogenetic 662:673 arg1 relatives 675:683 Its closest phylogenetic relatives 650:683 Its closest phylogenetic relatives 650:683 Its closest phylogenetic relatives were Paenibacillus barengoltzii and Paenibacillus timonensis. 26394885 2 47 theme spore-forming 61:73 arg1 strain 119:124 strain 656.84T 119:132 strain 656.84T 119:132 A spore-forming, rod-shaped Gram-strain-positive bacterium, strain 656.84T, was isolated from human faeces in 1984. 26394885 2 47 theme spore-forming 61:73 arg1 bacterium 108:116 A spore-forming, rod-shaped Gram-strain-positive bacterium 59:116 A spore-forming, rod-shaped Gram-strain-positive bacterium 59:116 A spore-forming, rod-shaped Gram-strain-positive bacterium, strain 656.84T, was isolated from human faeces in 1984. 26394885 8 48 theme faecis 1157:1162 arg1 sp 1164:1165 the name Paenibacillus faecis sp 1134:1165 the name Paenibacillus faecis sp 1134:1165 On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic results, strain 656.84T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus faecis sp. 26394885 9 49 theme  = DSM 1214:1219 arg1 656.84T 1205:1211 656.84T 1205:1211 656.84T ( = DSM 23593T = CIP 101062T) 1205:1241 nov. is proposed; the type strain is 656.84T ( = DSM 23593T = CIP 101062T). 26394885 9 49 theme  = DSM 1214:1219 arg1 101062T 1234:1240  = DSM 23593T = CIP 101062T 1214:1240  = DSM 23593T = CIP 101062T 1214:1240 nov. is proposed; the type strain is 656.84T ( = DSM 23593T = CIP 101062T). 26394885 5 50 theme comparative 553:563 arg1 studies 588:594 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 553:594 comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies 553:594 The results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies placed strain 656.84T within the genus Paenibacillus. 26394885 6 51 theme closest 654:660 arg1 relatives 675:683 Its closest phylogenetic relatives 650:683 Its closest phylogenetic relatives 650:683 Its closest phylogenetic relatives were Paenibacillus barengoltzii and Paenibacillus timonensis. 26394885 8 52 theme Paenibacillus 1143:1155 arg1 sp 1164:1165 the name Paenibacillus faecis sp 1134:1165 the name Paenibacillus faecis sp 1134:1165 On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic results, strain 656.84T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus faecis sp. 26394885 8 53 dep results 1025:1031 arg1 basis 991:995 basis 991:995 basis 991:995 On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic results, strain 656.84T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus faecis sp. 26394885 8 53 dep results 1025:1031 arg1 the 987:989 the 987:989 the 987:989 On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic results, strain 656.84T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus faecis sp. 26394885 7 54 theme strain 938:943 arg1 656.84T 945:951 strain 656.84T 938:951 strain 656.84T 938:951 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 656.84T and Paenibacillus timonensis CIP 108005T and Paenibacillus barengoltzii CIP 109354T were 17.3 % and 36.8 %, respectively, indicating that strain 656.84T represents a distinct species. 26394885 2 55 from faeces 159:164 arg1 1984 169:172 1984 169:172 1984 169:172 A spore-forming, rod-shaped Gram-strain-positive bacterium, strain 656.84T, was isolated from human faeces in 1984. 26394885 4 56 theme DNA 507:509 arg1 % 535:535 52.9 mol% 527:535 52.9 mol% 527:535 The DNA G+C content was 52.9 mol%. 26394885 4 56 theme DNA 507:509 arg1 content 515:521 The DNA G+C content 503:521 The DNA G+C content 503:521 The DNA G+C content was 52.9 mol%. 26394885 8 57 theme phenotypic 1000:1009 arg1 results 1025:1031 phenotypic and genotypic results 1000:1031 phenotypic and genotypic results 1000:1031 On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic results, strain 656.84T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus faecis sp. 26394885 7 58 theme strain 785:790 arg1 656.84T 792:798 strain 656.84T 785:798 strain 656.84T 785:798 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 656.84T and Paenibacillus timonensis CIP 108005T and Paenibacillus barengoltzii CIP 109354T were 17.3 % and 36.8 %, respectively, indicating that strain 656.84T represents a distinct species. 24801155 4 0 theme Virgibacillus 566:578 arg1 T 602:602 T 602:602 T 602:602 The highest similarity was found to the sequence of Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%); however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, was only 92.9%. 24801155 4 0 theme Virgibacillus 566:578 arg1 % 610:610 94.4% 606:610 94.4% 606:610 The highest similarity was found to the sequence of Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%); however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, was only 92.9%. 24801155 4 0 theme Virgibacillus 566:578 arg1 LMG 592:594 Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964 566:600 Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%) 566:611 The highest similarity was found to the sequence of Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%); however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, was only 92.9%. 24801155 10 1 theme low 1423:1425 arg1 similarity 1436:1445 the low sequence similarity 1419:1445 the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, 1419:1597 Because of the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, and its unique lipid pattern, we propose that strain P-207(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 10 2 theme auburnensis 1745:1755 arg1 nov. 1762:1765 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov. 1723:1765 the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov. 1714:1765 Because of the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, and its unique lipid pattern, we propose that strain P-207(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 12 3 theme  = 1885:1886 arg1 CIP 1888:1890  = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797 1856:1897  = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T) 1856:1900 The type strain of Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis is P-207(T) ( = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T)). 24801155 12 3 theme  = 1885:1886 arg1 T 1899:1899 T 1899:1899 T 1899:1899 The type strain of Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis is P-207(T) ( = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T)). 24801155 12 4 theme = 1871:1871 arg1 CIP 1888:1890  = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797 1856:1897  = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T) 1856:1900 The type strain of Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis is P-207(T) ( = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T)). 24801155 12 4 theme = 1871:1871 arg1 T 1899:1899 T 1899:1899 T 1899:1899 The type strain of Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis is P-207(T) ( = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T)). 24801155 10 5 theme strain 1450:1455 arg1 T 1463:1463 T 1463:1463 T 1463:1463 Because of the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, and its unique lipid pattern, we propose that strain P-207(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 10 5 theme strain 1450:1455 arg1 P-207 1457:1461 strain P-207 1450:1461 strain P-207(T) 1450:1464 Because of the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, and its unique lipid pattern, we propose that strain P-207(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 10 6 theme lipid 1614:1618 arg1 pattern 1620:1626 its unique lipid pattern 1603:1626 its unique lipid pattern 1603:1626 Because of the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, and its unique lipid pattern, we propose that strain P-207(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 12 7 theme 28212 1877:1881 arg1 CIP 1888:1890  = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797 1856:1897  = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T) 1856:1900 The type strain of Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis is P-207(T) ( = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T)). 24801155 12 7 theme 28212 1877:1881 arg1 T 1899:1899 T 1899:1899 T 1899:1899 The type strain of Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis is P-207(T) ( = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T)). 24801155 10 8 theme strain 1645:1650 arg1 T 1658:1658 T 1658:1658 T 1658:1658 Because of the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, and its unique lipid pattern, we propose that strain P-207(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 10 8 theme strain 1645:1650 arg1 P-207 1652:1656 strain P-207 1645:1656 strain P-207(T) 1645:1659 Because of the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, and its unique lipid pattern, we propose that strain P-207(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 5 9 theme quinone 768:774 arg1 system 776:781 The quinone system 764:781 The quinone system of strain P-207(T) 764:800 The quinone system of strain P-207(T) consisted predominantly of menaquinone MK-7. 24801155 9 10 theme DNA 1391:1393 arg1 % 1405:1405 34 mol% 1399:1405 34 mol% 1399:1405 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 34 mol%. 24801155 9 10 theme DNA 1391:1393 arg1 content 1368:1374 The G+C content 1360:1374 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1360:1393 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 34 mol%. 24801155 3 11 theme rRNA 263:266 arg1 comparisons 282:292 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 259:292 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 259:292 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain P-207(T) was grouped in the vicinity of representatives of the genera Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, but could not be assigned clearly to any of these genera. 24801155 10 12 theme Lentibacillus 1542:1554 arg1 representatives 1473:1487 all representatives 1469:1487 all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, 1469:1597 Because of the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, and its unique lipid pattern, we propose that strain P-207(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 2 13 theme soil 211:214 arg1 sample 216:221 a rhizosphere soil sample 197:221 a rhizosphere soil sample 197:221 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, strain P-207(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample in Auburn, AL, USA. 24801155 9 14 theme 34 1399:1400 arg1 content 1368:1374 The G+C content 1360:1374 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1360:1393 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 34 mol%. 24801155 9 14 theme 34 1399:1400 arg1 % 1405:1405 34 mol% 1399:1405 34 mol% 1399:1405 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 34 mol%. 24801155 6 15 theme polar 851:855 arg1 profile 863:869 The polar lipid profile 847:869 The polar lipid profile 847:869 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 7 16 theme diagnostic 1121:1130 arg1 acid 1190:1193 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1170:1193 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1170:1193 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the polyamine pattern contained predominantly spermidine and spermine. 24801155 7 16 theme diagnostic 1121:1130 arg1 acid 1140:1143 The diagnostic diamino acid 1117:1143 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 1117:1164 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the polyamine pattern contained predominantly spermidine and spermine. 24801155 4 17 theme rRNA 631:634 arg1 % 761:761 only 92.9% 752:761 only 92.9% 752:761 The highest similarity was found to the sequence of Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%); however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, was only 92.9%. 24801155 4 17 theme rRNA 631:634 arg1 similarity 650:659 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 623:659 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, 623:746 The highest similarity was found to the sequence of Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%); however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, was only 92.9%. 24801155 3 18 theme sequence 273:280 arg1 comparisons 282:292 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 259:292 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 259:292 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain P-207(T) was grouped in the vicinity of representatives of the genera Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, but could not be assigned clearly to any of these genera. 24801155 4 19 theme sequence 641:648 arg1 % 761:761 only 92.9% 752:761 only 92.9% 752:761 The highest similarity was found to the sequence of Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%); however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, was only 92.9%. 24801155 4 19 theme sequence 641:648 arg1 similarity 650:659 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 623:659 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, 623:746 The highest similarity was found to the sequence of Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%); however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, was only 92.9%. 24801155 3 20 theme representatives 342:356 arg1 vicinity 330:337 the vicinity 326:337 the vicinity of representatives of the genera Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus 326:453 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain P-207(T) was grouped in the vicinity of representatives of the genera Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, but could not be assigned clearly to any of these genera. 24801155 0 21 theme Pseudogracilibacillus 0:20 arg1 nov. 39:42 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov. 0:42 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov. 0:42 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 5 22 theme P-207 793:797 arg1 system 776:781 The quinone system 764:781 The quinone system of strain P-207(T) 764:800 The quinone system of strain P-207(T) consisted predominantly of menaquinone MK-7. 24801155 3 23 theme Virgibacillus 372:384 arg1 representatives 342:356 representatives 342:356 representatives of the genera Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus 342:453 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain P-207(T) was grouped in the vicinity of representatives of the genera Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, but could not be assigned clearly to any of these genera. 24801155 0 24 theme gen. 34:37 arg1 nov. 39:42 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov. 0:42 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov. 0:42 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 1 25 theme mays 92:95 arg1 rhizosphere 73:83 the rhizosphere 69:83 the rhizosphere of Zea mays 69:95 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays. 24801155 6 26 theme major 885:889 arg1 lipids 891:896 the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine 881:970 the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine 881:970 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 26 theme major 885:889 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 922:941 phosphatidylglycerol 922:941 phosphatidylglycerol 922:941 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 26 theme major 885:889 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 898:919 diphosphatidylglycerol 898:919 diphosphatidylglycerol 898:919 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 26 theme major 885:889 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 947:970 phosphatidylethanolamine 947:970 phosphatidylethanolamine 947:970 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 12 27 theme T 1883:1883 arg1 CIP 1888:1890  = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797 1856:1897  = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T) 1856:1900 The type strain of Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis is P-207(T) ( = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T)). 24801155 12 27 theme T 1883:1883 arg1 T 1899:1899 T 1899:1899 T 1899:1899 The type strain of Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis is P-207(T) ( = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T)). 24801155 4 28 theme type 687:690 arg1 species 692:698 the type species 683:698 the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, 683:746 The highest similarity was found to the sequence of Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%); however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, was only 92.9%. 24801155 3 29 theme Cerasibacillus 406:419 arg1 representatives 342:356 representatives 342:356 representatives of the genera Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus 342:453 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain P-207(T) was grouped in the vicinity of representatives of the genera Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, but could not be assigned clearly to any of these genera. 24801155 6 30 theme several 1005:1011 arg1 phospholipids 1026:1038 several unidentified phospholipids 1005:1038 several unidentified phospholipids 1005:1038 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 2 31 dep Gram-positive-staining 100:121 arg1 endospore-forming 133:149 endospore-forming 133:149 endospore-forming 133:149 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, strain P-207(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample in Auburn, AL, USA. 24801155 2 31 dep Gram-positive-staining 100:121 arg1 aerobic 124:130 aerobic 124:130 aerobic 124:130 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, strain P-207(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample in Auburn, AL, USA. 24801155 10 32 theme Oceanobacillus 1560:1573 arg1 representatives 1473:1487 all representatives 1469:1487 all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, 1469:1597 Because of the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, and its unique lipid pattern, we propose that strain P-207(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 4 33 theme type 668:671 arg1 strain 673:678 the type strain 664:678 the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, 664:746 The highest similarity was found to the sequence of Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%); however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, was only 92.9%. 24801155 6 34 dep lipids 891:896 arg1 lipids 891:896 the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine 881:970 the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine 881:970 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 34 dep lipids 891:896 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 922:941 phosphatidylglycerol 922:941 phosphatidylglycerol 922:941 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 34 dep lipids 891:896 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 898:919 diphosphatidylglycerol 898:919 diphosphatidylglycerol 898:919 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 34 dep lipids 891:896 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 947:970 phosphatidylethanolamine 947:970 phosphatidylethanolamine 947:970 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 3 35 theme Oceanobacillus 440:453 arg1 representatives 342:356 representatives 342:356 representatives of the genera Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus 342:453 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain P-207(T) was grouped in the vicinity of representatives of the genera Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, but could not be assigned clearly to any of these genera. 24801155 12 36 theme auburnensis 1831:1841 arg1 P-207 1846:1850 P-207 1846:1850 P-207 1846:1850 The type strain of Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis is P-207(T) ( = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T)). 24801155 12 36 theme auburnensis 1831:1841 arg1 strain 1799:1804 The type strain 1790:1804 The type strain of Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis 1790:1841 The type strain of Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis is P-207(T) ( = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T)). 24801155 2 37 theme Gram-positive-staining 100:121 arg1 P-207 169:173 strain P-207 162:173 strain P-207(T) 162:176 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, strain P-207(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample in Auburn, AL, USA. 24801155 2 37 theme Gram-positive-staining 100:121 arg1 bacterium 151:159 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium 98:159 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium 98:159 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, strain P-207(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample in Auburn, AL, USA. 24801155 3 38 theme Lentibacillus 422:434 arg1 representatives 342:356 representatives 342:356 representatives of the genera Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus 342:453 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain P-207(T) was grouped in the vicinity of representatives of the genera Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, but could not be assigned clearly to any of these genera. 24801155 10 39 theme unique 1607:1612 arg1 pattern 1620:1626 its unique lipid pattern 1603:1626 its unique lipid pattern 1603:1626 Because of the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, and its unique lipid pattern, we propose that strain P-207(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 12 40 theme type 1794:1797 arg1 P-207 1846:1850 P-207 1846:1850 P-207 1846:1850 The type strain of Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis is P-207(T) ( = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T)). 24801155 12 40 theme type 1794:1797 arg1 strain 1799:1804 The type strain 1790:1804 The type strain of Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis 1790:1841 The type strain of Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis is P-207(T) ( = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T)). 24801155 10 41 theme sequence 1427:1434 arg1 similarity 1436:1445 the low sequence similarity 1419:1445 the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, 1419:1597 Because of the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, and its unique lipid pattern, we propose that strain P-207(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 10 42 theme gen. 1757:1760 arg1 nov. 1762:1765 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov. 1723:1765 the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov. 1714:1765 Because of the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, and its unique lipid pattern, we propose that strain P-207(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 4 43 theme LMG 592:594 arg1 sequence 554:561 the sequence 550:561 the sequence of Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%) 550:611 The highest similarity was found to the sequence of Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%); however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, was only 92.9%. 24801155 4 44 theme species 692:698 arg1 strain 673:678 the type strain 664:678 the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, 664:746 The highest similarity was found to the sequence of Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%); however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, was only 92.9%. 24801155 6 45 theme phosphoglycolipids 1057:1074 arg1 aminolipid 1105:1114 aminolipid 1105:1114 aminolipid 1105:1114 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 45 theme phosphoglycolipids 1057:1074 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 1057:1074 phosphoglycolipids 1057:1074 phosphoglycolipids 1057:1074 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 45 theme phosphoglycolipids 1057:1074 arg1 aminophospholipid 1080:1096 aminophospholipid 1080:1096 aminophospholipid 1080:1096 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 45 theme phosphoglycolipids 1057:1074 arg1 phospholipids 1026:1038 several unidentified phospholipids 1005:1038 several unidentified phospholipids 1005:1038 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 45 theme phosphoglycolipids 1057:1074 arg1 glycolipids 1041:1051 glycolipids 1041:1051 glycolipids 1041:1051 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 45 theme phosphoglycolipids 1057:1074 arg1 amounts 994:1000 minor amounts 988:1000 minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids 988:1074 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 10 46 theme Pseudogracilibacillus 1723:1743 arg1 nov. 1762:1765 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov. 1723:1765 the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov. 1714:1765 Because of the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, and its unique lipid pattern, we propose that strain P-207(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 12 47 dep P-207 1846:1850 arg1 CIP 1888:1890  = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797 1856:1897  = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T) 1856:1900 The type strain of Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis is P-207(T) ( = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T)). 24801155 12 47 dep P-207 1846:1850 arg1 T 1899:1899 T 1899:1899 T 1899:1899 The type strain of Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis is P-207(T) ( = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T)). 24801155 4 48 theme Virgibacillus 703:715 arg1 species 692:698 the type species 683:698 the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, 683:746 The highest similarity was found to the sequence of Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%); however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, was only 92.9%. 24801155 6 49 theme glycolipids 1041:1051 arg1 aminolipid 1105:1114 aminolipid 1105:1114 aminolipid 1105:1114 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 49 theme glycolipids 1041:1051 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 1057:1074 phosphoglycolipids 1057:1074 phosphoglycolipids 1057:1074 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 49 theme glycolipids 1041:1051 arg1 aminophospholipid 1080:1096 aminophospholipid 1080:1096 aminophospholipid 1080:1096 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 49 theme glycolipids 1041:1051 arg1 phospholipids 1026:1038 several unidentified phospholipids 1005:1038 several unidentified phospholipids 1005:1038 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 49 theme glycolipids 1041:1051 arg1 glycolipids 1041:1051 glycolipids 1041:1051 glycolipids 1041:1051 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 49 theme glycolipids 1041:1051 arg1 amounts 994:1000 minor amounts 988:1000 minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids 988:1074 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 4 50 theme carmonensis 580:590 arg1 T 602:602 T 602:602 T 602:602 The highest similarity was found to the sequence of Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%); however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, was only 92.9%. 24801155 4 50 theme carmonensis 580:590 arg1 % 610:610 94.4% 606:610 94.4% 606:610 The highest similarity was found to the sequence of Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%); however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, was only 92.9%. 24801155 4 50 theme carmonensis 580:590 arg1 LMG 592:594 Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964 566:600 Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%) 566:611 The highest similarity was found to the sequence of Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%); however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, was only 92.9%. 24801155 10 51 theme P-207 1457:1461 arg1 pattern 1620:1626 its unique lipid pattern 1603:1626 its unique lipid pattern 1603:1626 Because of the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, and its unique lipid pattern, we propose that strain P-207(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 10 51 theme P-207 1457:1461 arg1 similarity 1436:1445 the low sequence similarity 1419:1445 the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, 1419:1597 Because of the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, and its unique lipid pattern, we propose that strain P-207(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 6 52 theme phospholipids 1026:1038 arg1 aminolipid 1105:1114 aminolipid 1105:1114 aminolipid 1105:1114 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 52 theme phospholipids 1026:1038 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 1057:1074 phosphoglycolipids 1057:1074 phosphoglycolipids 1057:1074 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 52 theme phospholipids 1026:1038 arg1 aminophospholipid 1080:1096 aminophospholipid 1080:1096 aminophospholipid 1080:1096 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 52 theme phospholipids 1026:1038 arg1 phospholipids 1026:1038 several unidentified phospholipids 1005:1038 several unidentified phospholipids 1005:1038 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 52 theme phospholipids 1026:1038 arg1 glycolipids 1041:1051 glycolipids 1041:1051 glycolipids 1041:1051 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 52 theme phospholipids 1026:1038 arg1 amounts 994:1000 minor amounts 988:1000 minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids 988:1074 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 2 53 theme rhizosphere 199:209 arg1 sample 216:221 a rhizosphere soil sample 197:221 a rhizosphere soil sample 197:221 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, strain P-207(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample in Auburn, AL, USA. 24801155 9 54 theme G+C 1364:1366 arg1 % 1405:1405 34 mol% 1399:1405 34 mol% 1399:1405 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 34 mol%. 24801155 9 54 theme G+C 1364:1366 arg1 content 1368:1374 The G+C content 1360:1374 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1360:1393 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 34 mol%. 24801155 12 55 theme LMG 1873:1875 arg1 CIP 1888:1890  = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797 1856:1897  = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T) 1856:1900 The type strain of Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis is P-207(T) ( = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T)). 24801155 12 55 theme LMG 1873:1875 arg1 T 1899:1899 T 1899:1899 T 1899:1899 The type strain of Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis is P-207(T) ( = CCM 8509(T) = LMG 28212(T) = CIP 110797(T)). 24801155 7 56 contain contained 1221:1229 arg2 spermine 1260:1267 spermine 1260:1267 spermine 1260:1267 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the polyamine pattern contained predominantly spermidine and spermine. 24801155 7 56 contain contained 1221:1229 arg1 pattern 1213:1219 the polyamine pattern 1199:1219 the polyamine pattern 1199:1219 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the polyamine pattern contained predominantly spermidine and spermine. 24801155 7 56 contain contained 1221:1229 arg2 spermidine 1245:1254 spermidine 1245:1254 spermidine 1245:1254 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the polyamine pattern contained predominantly spermidine and spermine. 24801155 9 57 theme genomic 1383:1389 arg1 DNA 1391:1393 the genomic DNA 1379:1393 the genomic DNA 1379:1393 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 34 mol%. 24801155 8 58 theme major 1274:1278 arg1 acids 1286:1290 The major fatty acids 1270:1290 The major fatty acids 1270:1290 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 24801155 8 58 theme major 1274:1278 arg1 0 1311:1311 0 1311:1311 0 1311:1311 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 24801155 7 59 theme diamino 1132:1138 arg1 acid 1190:1193 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1170:1193 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1170:1193 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the polyamine pattern contained predominantly spermidine and spermine. 24801155 7 59 theme diamino 1132:1138 arg1 acid 1140:1143 The diagnostic diamino acid 1117:1143 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 1117:1164 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the polyamine pattern contained predominantly spermidine and spermine. 24801155 8 60 dep 0 1328:1328 arg1 0 1341:1341 0 1341:1341 0 1341:1341 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 24801155 6 61 theme lipid 857:861 arg1 profile 863:869 The polar lipid profile 847:869 The polar lipid profile 847:869 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 3 62 theme gene 268:271 arg1 comparisons 282:292 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 259:292 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 259:292 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain P-207(T) was grouped in the vicinity of representatives of the genera Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, but could not be assigned clearly to any of these genera. 24801155 9 63 theme mol 1402:1404 arg1 content 1368:1374 The G+C content 1360:1374 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1360:1393 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 34 mol%. 24801155 9 63 theme mol 1402:1404 arg1 % 1405:1405 34 mol% 1399:1405 34 mol% 1399:1405 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 34 mol%. 24801155 3 64 theme 16S 259:261 arg1 comparisons 282:292 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 259:292 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons 259:292 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain P-207(T) was grouped in the vicinity of representatives of the genera Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, but could not be assigned clearly to any of these genera. 24801155 2 65 attach isolated 183:190 arg2 bacterium 151:159 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium 98:159 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium 98:159 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, strain P-207(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample in Auburn, AL, USA. 24801155 2 65 attach isolated 183:190 arg1 sample 216:221 a rhizosphere soil sample 197:221 a rhizosphere soil sample 197:221 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, strain P-207(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample in Auburn, AL, USA. 24801155 2 65 attach isolated 183:190 arg2 P-207 169:173 strain P-207 162:173 strain P-207(T) 162:176 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, strain P-207(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample in Auburn, AL, USA. 24801155 3 66 theme strain 295:300 arg1 T 308:308 T 308:308 T 308:308 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain P-207(T) was grouped in the vicinity of representatives of the genera Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, but could not be assigned clearly to any of these genera. 24801155 3 66 theme strain 295:300 arg1 P-207 302:306 strain P-207 295:306 strain P-207(T) 295:309 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain P-207(T) was grouped in the vicinity of representatives of the genera Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, but could not be assigned clearly to any of these genera. 24801155 10 67 dep sp 1768:1769 arg1 name 1718:1721 the name 1714:1721 the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov. 1714:1765 Because of the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, and its unique lipid pattern, we propose that strain P-207(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 4 68 theme 16S 627:629 arg1 % 761:761 only 92.9% 752:761 only 92.9% 752:761 The highest similarity was found to the sequence of Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%); however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, was only 92.9%. 24801155 4 68 theme 16S 627:629 arg1 similarity 650:659 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 623:659 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, 623:746 The highest similarity was found to the sequence of Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%); however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, was only 92.9%. 24801155 4 69 theme gene 636:639 arg1 % 761:761 only 92.9% 752:761 only 92.9% 752:761 The highest similarity was found to the sequence of Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%); however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, was only 92.9%. 24801155 4 69 theme gene 636:639 arg1 similarity 650:659 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 623:659 the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, 623:746 The highest similarity was found to the sequence of Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%); however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, was only 92.9%. 24801155 0 70 theme auburnensis 22:32 arg1 nov. 39:42 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov. 0:42 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov. 0:42 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 5 71 theme strain 786:791 arg1 T 799:799 T 799:799 T 799:799 The quinone system of strain P-207(T) consisted predominantly of menaquinone MK-7. 24801155 5 71 theme strain 786:791 arg1 P-207 793:797 strain P-207 786:797 strain P-207(T) 786:800 The quinone system of strain P-207(T) consisted predominantly of menaquinone MK-7. 24801155 1 72 theme Zea 88:90 arg1 mays 92:95 Zea mays 88:95 Zea mays 88:95 nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays. 24801155 6 73 theme minor 988:992 arg1 aminolipid 1105:1114 aminolipid 1105:1114 aminolipid 1105:1114 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 73 theme minor 988:992 arg1 phosphoglycolipids 1057:1074 phosphoglycolipids 1057:1074 phosphoglycolipids 1057:1074 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 73 theme minor 988:992 arg1 aminophospholipid 1080:1096 aminophospholipid 1080:1096 aminophospholipid 1080:1096 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 73 theme minor 988:992 arg1 phospholipids 1026:1038 several unidentified phospholipids 1005:1038 several unidentified phospholipids 1005:1038 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 73 theme minor 988:992 arg1 glycolipids 1041:1051 glycolipids 1041:1051 glycolipids 1041:1051 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 6 73 theme minor 988:992 arg1 amounts 994:1000 minor amounts 988:1000 minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids 988:1074 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 7 74 theme polyamine 1203:1211 arg1 pattern 1213:1219 the polyamine pattern 1199:1219 the polyamine pattern 1199:1219 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the polyamine pattern contained predominantly spermidine and spermine. 24801155 10 75 theme Ornithinibacillus 1507:1523 arg1 representatives 1473:1487 all representatives 1469:1487 all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, 1469:1597 Because of the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, and its unique lipid pattern, we propose that strain P-207(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 10 76 theme novel 1674:1678 arg1 species 1680:1686 a novel species 1672:1686 a novel species 1672:1686 Because of the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, and its unique lipid pattern, we propose that strain P-207(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 0 77 dep sp 45:46 arg1 nov. 39:42 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov. 0:42 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov. 0:42 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 6 78 theme unidentified 1013:1024 arg1 phospholipids 1026:1038 several unidentified phospholipids 1005:1038 several unidentified phospholipids 1005:1038 The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. 24801155 10 79 dep name 1718:1721 arg1 nov. 1762:1765 Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov. 1723:1765 the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov. 1714:1765 Because of the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, and its unique lipid pattern, we propose that strain P-207(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 3 80 dep comparisons 282:292 arg1 the 246:248 the 246:248 the 246:248 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain P-207(T) was grouped in the vicinity of representatives of the genera Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, but could not be assigned clearly to any of these genera. 24801155 3 80 dep comparisons 282:292 arg1 basis 250:254 basis 250:254 basis 250:254 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain P-207(T) was grouped in the vicinity of representatives of the genera Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, but could not be assigned clearly to any of these genera. 24801155 5 81 theme menaquinone 829:839 arg1 MK-7 841:844 menaquinone MK-7 829:844 menaquinone MK-7 829:844 The quinone system of strain P-207(T) consisted predominantly of menaquinone MK-7. 24801155 7 82 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1170:1188 arg1 acid 1190:1193 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1170:1193 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1170:1193 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the polyamine pattern contained predominantly spermidine and spermine. 24801155 7 82 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1170:1188 arg1 acid 1140:1143 The diagnostic diamino acid 1117:1143 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 1117:1164 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the polyamine pattern contained predominantly spermidine and spermine. 24801155 4 83 theme highest 518:524 arg1 similarity 526:535 The highest similarity 514:535 The highest similarity 514:535 The highest similarity was found to the sequence of Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (94.4%); however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus pantothenticus, was only 92.9%. 24801155 8 84 theme fatty 1280:1284 arg1 acids 1286:1290 The major fatty acids 1270:1290 The major fatty acids 1270:1290 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 24801155 8 84 theme fatty 1280:1284 arg1 0 1311:1311 0 1311:1311 0 1311:1311 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 24801155 10 85 theme new 1693:1695 arg1 genus 1697:1701 a new genus 1691:1701 a new genus 1691:1701 Because of the low sequence similarity of strain P-207(T) to all representatives of Virgibacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Lentibacillus and Oceanobacillus, which was always <95%, and its unique lipid pattern, we propose that strain P-207(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. 24801155 2 86 theme strain 162:167 arg1 P-207 169:173 strain P-207 162:173 strain P-207(T) 162:176 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, strain P-207(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample in Auburn, AL, USA. 24801155 2 86 theme strain 162:167 arg1 T 175:175 T 175:175 T 175:175 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, strain P-207(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample in Auburn, AL, USA. 24801155 2 86 theme strain 162:167 arg1 bacterium 151:159 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium 98:159 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium 98:159 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, strain P-207(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample in Auburn, AL, USA. 24801155 7 87 theme peptidoglycan 1152:1164 arg1 acid 1190:1193 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1170:1193 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1170:1193 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the polyamine pattern contained predominantly spermidine and spermine. 24801155 7 87 theme peptidoglycan 1152:1164 arg1 acid 1140:1143 The diagnostic diamino acid 1117:1143 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 1117:1164 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the polyamine pattern contained predominantly spermidine and spermine. 24510974 11 0 theme fatty 1374:1378 arg1 C16:0 1220:1224 C16:0 1220:1224 C16:0 1220:1224 C14:0, C16:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, C17:0 cyclo and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. 24510974 11 0 theme fatty 1374:1378 arg1 acids 1380:1384 the major cellular fatty acids 1355:1384 the major cellular fatty acids 1355:1384 C14:0, C16:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, C17:0 cyclo and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. 24510974 12 1 theme mol 1431:1433 arg1 % 1434:1434 69.5 mol% 1426:1434 69.5 mol% 1426:1434 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.5 mol%. 24510974 12 1 theme mol 1431:1433 arg1 content 1395:1401 The G+C content 1387:1401 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1387:1420 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.5 mol%. 24510974 5 2 theme Saccharopolyspora 645:661 arg1 subsp 671:675 Saccharopolyspora hirsuta subsp 645:675 Saccharopolyspora hirsuta subsp 645:675 The highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were found with Saccharopolyspora hirsuta subsp. 24510974 6 3 theme species 876:882 arg1 strains 855:861 type strains 850:861 type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora 850:913 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 13 4 theme name 1730:1733 arg1 sp 1760:1761 the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp 1726:1761 the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp 1726:1761 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 13 5 theme above-mentioned 1532:1546 arg1 species 1548:1554 the above-mentioned species 1528:1554 the above-mentioned species 1528:1554 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 12 6 theme genomic 1410:1416 arg1 DNA 1418:1420 the genomic DNA 1406:1420 the genomic DNA 1406:1420 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.5 mol%. 24510974 15 7 theme type 1787:1790 arg1 strain 1792:1797 The type strain 1783:1797 The type strain 1783:1797 The type strain is VRC122T (=KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T). 24510974 15 7 theme type 1787:1790 arg1 VRC122T 1802:1808 VRC122T 1802:1808 VRC122T (=KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T) 1802:1860 The type strain is VRC122T (=KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T). 24510974 13 8 theme indica 1753:1758 arg1 sp 1760:1761 the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp 1726:1761 the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp 1726:1761 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 2 9 theme actinomycete 123:134 arg1 strain 136:141 A novel actinomycete strain 115:141 A novel actinomycete strain 115:141 A novel actinomycete strain, designated VRC122T, was isolated from a Callistemon citrinus rhizosphere sample collected from New Delhi, India, and its taxonomic status was determined by using a polyphasic approach. 24510974 5 10 theme similarity 618:627 arg1 levels 585:590 The highest levels 573:590 The highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 573:627 The highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were found with Saccharopolyspora hirsuta subsp. 24510974 6 11 theme Saccharopolyspora 763:779 arg1 W12T 794:797 Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T 763:797 Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%) 763:806 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 6 11 theme Saccharopolyspora 763:779 arg1 % 805:805 98.66% 800:805 98.66% 800:805 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 13 12 theme type 1512:1515 arg1 strains 1517:1523 type strains 1512:1523 type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data 1512:1625 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 13 13 with hybridization 1460:1472 arg1 strains 1517:1523 type strains 1512:1523 type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data 1512:1625 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 2 14 theme taxonomic 265:273 arg1 status 275:280 its taxonomic status 261:280 its taxonomic status 261:280 A novel actinomycete strain, designated VRC122T, was isolated from a Callistemon citrinus rhizosphere sample collected from New Delhi, India, and its taxonomic status was determined by using a polyphasic approach. 24510974 11 15 theme cellular 1365:1372 arg1 C16:0 1220:1224 C16:0 1220:1224 C16:0 1220:1224 C14:0, C16:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, C17:0 cyclo and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. 24510974 11 15 theme cellular 1365:1372 arg1 acids 1380:1384 the major cellular fatty acids 1355:1384 the major cellular fatty acids 1355:1384 C14:0, C16:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, C17:0 cyclo and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. 24510974 13 16 theme genus 1691:1695 arg1 Saccharopolyspora 1697:1713 the genus Saccharopolyspora 1687:1713 the genus Saccharopolyspora 1687:1713 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 7 17 theme meso-diaminopimelic 982:1000 arg1 acid 1002:1005 meso-diaminopimelic acid 982:1005 meso-diaminopimelic acid 982:1005 Chemosystematic studies revealed that it contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24510974 6 18 theme Saccharopolyspora 897:913 arg1 species 876:882 all other species 866:882 all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora 866:913 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 12 19 theme DNA 1418:1420 arg1 content 1395:1401 The G+C content 1387:1401 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1387:1420 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.5 mol%. 24510974 12 19 theme DNA 1418:1420 arg1 % 1434:1434 69.5 mol% 1426:1434 69.5 mol% 1426:1434 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.5 mol%. 24510974 7 20 theme Chemosystematic 931:945 arg1 studies 947:953 Chemosystematic studies 931:953 Chemosystematic studies 931:953 Chemosystematic studies revealed that it contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24510974 3 21 theme Strain 329:334 arg1 strain 414:419 a Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-acid-alcohol-fast strain 348:419 a Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-acid-alcohol-fast strain 348:419 Strain VRC122T was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-acid-alcohol-fast strain. 24510974 3 21 theme Strain 329:334 arg1 VRC122T 336:342 Strain VRC122T 329:342 Strain VRC122T 329:342 Strain VRC122T was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-acid-alcohol-fast strain. 24510974 3 22 dep Gram-stain-positive 350:368 arg1 non-acid-alcohol-fast 392:412 non-acid-alcohol-fast 392:412 non-acid-alcohol-fast 392:412 Strain VRC122T was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-acid-alcohol-fast strain. 24510974 3 22 dep Gram-stain-positive 350:368 arg1 non-motile 380:389 non-motile 380:389 non-motile 380:389 Strain VRC122T was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-acid-alcohol-fast strain. 24510974 3 22 dep Gram-stain-positive 350:368 arg1 aerobic 371:377 aerobic 371:377 aerobic 371:377 Strain VRC122T was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-acid-alcohol-fast strain. 24510974 5 23 theme rRNA 599:602 arg1 similarity 618:627 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 595:627 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 595:627 The highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were found with Saccharopolyspora hirsuta subsp. 24510974 4 24 theme rRNA 457:460 arg1 sequences 467:475 16S rRNA gene sequences 453:475 16S rRNA gene sequences 453:475 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain was placed in a well-separated sub-branch within the genus Saccharopolyspora. 24510974 9 25 theme polar 1083:1087 arg1 lipids 1089:1094 Diagnostic polar lipids 1072:1094 Diagnostic polar lipids 1072:1094 Diagnostic polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine. 24510974 8 26 theme predominant 1041:1051 arg1 sugars 1064:1069 the predominant whole-cell sugars 1037:1069 the predominant whole-cell sugars 1037:1069 Arabinose and galactose were the predominant whole-cell sugars. 24510974 8 26 theme predominant 1041:1051 arg1 galactose 1022:1030 galactose 1022:1030 galactose 1022:1030 Arabinose and galactose were the predominant whole-cell sugars. 24510974 8 26 theme predominant 1041:1051 arg1 Arabinose 1008:1016 Arabinose 1008:1016 Arabinose 1008:1016 Arabinose and galactose were the predominant whole-cell sugars. 24510974 3 27 theme Gram-stain-positive 350:368 arg1 strain 414:419 a Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-acid-alcohol-fast strain 348:419 a Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-acid-alcohol-fast strain 348:419 Strain VRC122T was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-acid-alcohol-fast strain. 24510974 3 27 theme Gram-stain-positive 350:368 arg1 VRC122T 336:342 Strain VRC122T 329:342 Strain VRC122T 329:342 Strain VRC122T was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-acid-alcohol-fast strain. 24510974 11 28 theme summed 1306:1311 arg1 feature 1313:1319 summed feature 3 1306:1321 summed feature 3 1306:1321 C14:0, C16:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, C17:0 cyclo and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. 24510974 0 29 theme Saccharopolyspora 0:16 arg1 sp 25:26 Saccharopolyspora indica sp 0:26 Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 0:27 Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 4 30 dep showed 477:482 arg1 placed 499:504 placed 499:504 showed the strain was placed in a well-separated sub-branch within the genus Saccharopolyspora 477:570 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain was placed in a well-separated sub-branch within the genus Saccharopolyspora. 24510974 5 31 theme highest 577:583 arg1 levels 585:590 The highest levels 573:590 The highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 573:627 The highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were found with Saccharopolyspora hirsuta subsp. 24510974 1 32 theme Callistemon 84:94 arg1 Curtis 106:111 Curtis 106:111 Curtis 106:111 nov., an actinomycete isolated from the rhizosphere of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis). 24510974 1 32 theme Callistemon 84:94 arg1 citrinus 96:103 Callistemon citrinus 84:103 Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) 84:112 nov., an actinomycete isolated from the rhizosphere of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis). 24510974 6 33 theme JCM 687:689 arg1 9109T 691:695 kobensis JCM 9109T 678:695 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%) 678:704 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 6 33 theme JCM 687:689 arg1 % 703:703 98.71% 698:703 98.71% 698:703 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 15 34 theme 11564T=MCC 1829:1838 arg1 BAA-2551T 1851:1859 =KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T 1811:1859 =KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T 1811:1859 The type strain is VRC122T (=KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T). 24510974 15 34 theme 11564T=MCC 1829:1838 arg1 VRC122T 1802:1808 VRC122T 1802:1808 VRC122T (=KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T) 1802:1860 The type strain is VRC122T (=KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T). 24510974 6 35 theme type 850:853 arg1 strains 855:861 type strains 850:861 type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora 850:913 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 4 36 theme genus 548:552 arg1 Saccharopolyspora 554:570 the genus Saccharopolyspora 544:570 the genus Saccharopolyspora 544:570 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain was placed in a well-separated sub-branch within the genus Saccharopolyspora. 24510974 13 37 theme DNA-DNA 1452:1458 arg1 hybridization 1460:1472 DNA-DNA hybridization 1452:1472 DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data 1452:1625 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 2 38 theme polyphasic 308:317 arg1 approach 319:326 a polyphasic approach 306:326 a polyphasic approach 306:326 A novel actinomycete strain, designated VRC122T, was isolated from a Callistemon citrinus rhizosphere sample collected from New Delhi, India, and its taxonomic status was determined by using a polyphasic approach. 24510974 6 39 theme gene 818:821 arg1 similarities 832:843 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 809:843 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora 809:913 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 13 40 from strains 1517:1523 arg1 combination 1560:1570 combination 1560:1570 combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data 1560:1625 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 4 41 theme well-separated 511:524 arg1 sub-branch 526:535 a well-separated sub-branch 509:535 a well-separated sub-branch within the genus Saccharopolyspora 509:570 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain was placed in a well-separated sub-branch within the genus Saccharopolyspora. 24510974 6 42 theme 16S 809:811 arg1 similarities 832:843 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 809:843 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora 809:913 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 6 43 theme antimicrobica 725:737 arg1 I05-00074T 739:748 Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T 707:748 Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) 707:757 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 6 43 theme antimicrobica 725:737 arg1 % 756:756 98.69% 751:756 98.69% 751:756 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 6 44 theme genus 891:895 arg1 Saccharopolyspora 897:913 the genus Saccharopolyspora 887:913 the genus Saccharopolyspora 887:913 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 13 45 from species 1548:1554 arg1 combination 1560:1570 combination 1560:1570 combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data 1560:1625 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 7 46 contain contained 972:980 arg1 it 969:970 it 969:970 it 969:970 Chemosystematic studies revealed that it contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24510974 7 46 contain contained 972:980 arg2 acid 1002:1005 meso-diaminopimelic acid 982:1005 meso-diaminopimelic acid 982:1005 Chemosystematic studies revealed that it contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24510974 5 47 theme hirsuta 663:669 arg1 subsp 671:675 Saccharopolyspora hirsuta subsp 645:675 Saccharopolyspora hirsuta subsp 645:675 The highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were found with Saccharopolyspora hirsuta subsp. 24510974 6 48 theme other 870:874 arg1 species 876:882 all other species 866:882 all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora 866:913 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 12 49 theme G+C 1391:1393 arg1 content 1395:1401 The G+C content 1387:1401 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1387:1420 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.5 mol%. 24510974 12 49 theme G+C 1391:1393 arg1 % 1434:1434 69.5 mol% 1426:1434 69.5 mol% 1426:1434 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.5 mol%. 24510974 13 50 theme Saccharopolyspora 1735:1751 arg1 sp 1760:1761 the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp 1726:1761 the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp 1726:1761 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 5 51 theme sequence 609:616 arg1 similarity 618:627 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 595:627 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 595:627 The highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were found with Saccharopolyspora hirsuta subsp. 24510974 13 52 theme species 1548:1554 arg1 strains 1517:1523 type strains 1512:1523 type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data 1512:1625 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 13 53 theme Saccharopolyspora 1697:1713 arg1 species 1676:1682 a novel species 1668:1682 a novel species 1668:1682 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 2 54 theme novel 117:121 arg1 strain 136:141 A novel actinomycete strain 115:141 A novel actinomycete strain 115:141 A novel actinomycete strain, designated VRC122T, was isolated from a Callistemon citrinus rhizosphere sample collected from New Delhi, India, and its taxonomic status was determined by using a polyphasic approach. 24510974 6 55 theme jiangxiensis 781:792 arg1 W12T 794:797 Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T 763:797 Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%) 763:806 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 6 55 theme jiangxiensis 781:792 arg1 % 805:805 98.66% 800:805 98.66% 800:805 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 13 56 with combination 1560:1570 arg1 differences 1577:1587 differences 1577:1587 differences in physiological and biochemical data 1577:1625 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 15 57 theme 2206T=ATCC 1840:1849 arg1 BAA-2551T 1851:1859 =KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T 1811:1859 =KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T 1811:1859 The type strain is VRC122T (=KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T). 24510974 15 57 theme 2206T=ATCC 1840:1849 arg1 VRC122T 1802:1808 VRC122T 1802:1808 VRC122T (=KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T) 1802:1860 The type strain is VRC122T (=KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T). 24510974 1 58 attach isolated 51:58 arg2 actinomycete 38:49 an actinomycete 35:49 an actinomycete isolated from the rhizosphere of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) 35:112 nov., an actinomycete isolated from the rhizosphere of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis). 24510974 1 58 attach isolated 51:58 arg1 rhizosphere 69:79 the rhizosphere 65:79 the rhizosphere of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) 65:112 nov., an actinomycete isolated from the rhizosphere of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis). 24510974 1 59 dep actinomycete 38:49 arg1 nov. 29:32 nov. 29:32 nov. 29:32 nov., an actinomycete isolated from the rhizosphere of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis). 24510974 11 60 theme major 1359:1363 arg1 C16:0 1220:1224 C16:0 1220:1224 C16:0 1220:1224 C14:0, C16:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, C17:0 cyclo and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. 24510974 11 60 theme major 1359:1363 arg1 acids 1380:1384 the major cellular fatty acids 1355:1384 the major cellular fatty acids 1355:1384 C14:0, C16:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, C17:0 cyclo and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. 24510974 4 61 theme 16S 453:455 arg1 sequences 467:475 16S rRNA gene sequences 453:475 16S rRNA gene sequences 453:475 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain was placed in a well-separated sub-branch within the genus Saccharopolyspora. 24510974 2 62 theme rhizosphere 205:215 arg1 sample 217:222 a Callistemon citrinus rhizosphere sample 182:222 a Callistemon citrinus rhizosphere sample collected from New Delhi, India 182:254 A novel actinomycete strain, designated VRC122T, was isolated from a Callistemon citrinus rhizosphere sample collected from New Delhi, India, and its taxonomic status was determined by using a polyphasic approach. 24510974 4 63 theme Phylogenetic 422:433 arg1 analysis 435:442 Phylogenetic analysis 422:442 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 422:475 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain was placed in a well-separated sub-branch within the genus Saccharopolyspora. 24510974 13 64 dep hybridization 1460:1472 arg1 % 1477:1477 30% 1475:1477 30% 1475:1477 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 13 64 dep hybridization 1460:1472 arg1 % 1482:1482 22% 1480:1482 22% 1480:1482 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 13 64 dep hybridization 1460:1472 arg1 % 1490:1490 25% 1488:1490 25% 1488:1490 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 2 65 theme New 239:241 arg1 India 250:254 India 250:254 India 250:254 A novel actinomycete strain, designated VRC122T, was isolated from a Callistemon citrinus rhizosphere sample collected from New Delhi, India, and its taxonomic status was determined by using a polyphasic approach. 24510974 2 65 theme New 239:241 arg1 Delhi 243:247 New Delhi 239:247 New Delhi 239:247 A novel actinomycete strain, designated VRC122T, was isolated from a Callistemon citrinus rhizosphere sample collected from New Delhi, India, and its taxonomic status was determined by using a polyphasic approach. 24510974 11 66 theme C17:0 1290:1294 arg1 cyclo 1296:1300 C17:0 cyclo 1290:1300 C17:0 cyclo 1290:1300 C14:0, C16:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, C17:0 cyclo and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. 24510974 5 67 theme 16S 595:597 arg1 similarity 618:627 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 595:627 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 595:627 The highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were found with Saccharopolyspora hirsuta subsp. 24510974 4 68 theme gene 462:465 arg1 sequences 467:475 16S rRNA gene sequences 453:475 16S rRNA gene sequences 453:475 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain was placed in a well-separated sub-branch within the genus Saccharopolyspora. 24510974 13 69 theme novel 1670:1674 arg1 species 1676:1682 a novel species 1668:1682 a novel species 1668:1682 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 6 70 dep 9109T 691:695 arg1 % 928:928 98% 926:928 98% 926:928 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 9 71 theme Diagnostic 1072:1081 arg1 lipids 1089:1094 Diagnostic polar lipids 1072:1094 Diagnostic polar lipids 1072:1094 Diagnostic polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine. 24510974 8 72 theme whole-cell 1053:1062 arg1 sugars 1064:1069 the predominant whole-cell sugars 1037:1069 the predominant whole-cell sugars 1037:1069 Arabinose and galactose were the predominant whole-cell sugars. 24510974 8 72 theme whole-cell 1053:1062 arg1 galactose 1022:1030 galactose 1022:1030 galactose 1022:1030 Arabinose and galactose were the predominant whole-cell sugars. 24510974 8 72 theme whole-cell 1053:1062 arg1 Arabinose 1008:1016 Arabinose 1008:1016 Arabinose 1008:1016 Arabinose and galactose were the predominant whole-cell sugars. 24510974 5 73 theme gene 604:607 arg1 similarity 618:627 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 595:627 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 595:627 The highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were found with Saccharopolyspora hirsuta subsp. 24510974 6 74 with similarities 832:843 arg1 strains 855:861 type strains 850:861 type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora 850:913 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 15 75 theme 29208T=MTCC 1817:1827 arg1 BAA-2551T 1851:1859 =KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T 1811:1859 =KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T 1811:1859 The type strain is VRC122T (=KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T). 24510974 15 75 theme 29208T=MTCC 1817:1827 arg1 VRC122T 1802:1808 VRC122T 1802:1808 VRC122T (=KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T) 1802:1860 The type strain is VRC122T (=KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T). 24510974 0 76 theme indica 18:23 arg1 sp 25:26 Saccharopolyspora indica sp 0:26 Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 0:27 Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 2 77 attach isolated 168:175 arg1 sample 217:222 a Callistemon citrinus rhizosphere sample 182:222 a Callistemon citrinus rhizosphere sample collected from New Delhi, India 182:254 A novel actinomycete strain, designated VRC122T, was isolated from a Callistemon citrinus rhizosphere sample collected from New Delhi, India, and its taxonomic status was determined by using a polyphasic approach. 24510974 2 77 attach isolated 168:175 arg2 strain 136:141 A novel actinomycete strain 115:141 A novel actinomycete strain 115:141 A novel actinomycete strain, designated VRC122T, was isolated from a Callistemon citrinus rhizosphere sample collected from New Delhi, India, and its taxonomic status was determined by using a polyphasic approach. 24510974 13 78 theme strain 1642:1647 arg1 VRC122T 1649:1655 strain VRC122T 1642:1655 strain VRC122T 1642:1655 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 1 79 theme citrinus 96:103 arg1 rhizosphere 69:79 the rhizosphere 65:79 the rhizosphere of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) 65:112 nov., an actinomycete isolated from the rhizosphere of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis). 24510974 13 80 theme physiological 1592:1604 arg1 data 1622:1625 physiological and biochemical data 1592:1625 physiological and biochemical data 1592:1625 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 6 81 theme kobensis 678:685 arg1 9109T 691:695 kobensis JCM 9109T 678:695 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%) 678:704 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 6 81 theme kobensis 678:685 arg1 % 703:703 98.71% 698:703 98.71% 698:703 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 13 82 theme biochemical 1610:1620 arg1 data 1622:1625 physiological and biochemical data 1592:1625 physiological and biochemical data 1592:1625 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 13 83 theme hybridization 1460:1472 arg1 results 1441:1447 The results 1437:1447 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data 1437:1625 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 6 84 theme sequence 823:830 arg1 similarities 832:843 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 809:843 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora 809:913 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 2 85 theme Callistemon 184:194 arg1 sample 217:222 a Callistemon citrinus rhizosphere sample 182:222 a Callistemon citrinus rhizosphere sample collected from New Delhi, India 182:254 A novel actinomycete strain, designated VRC122T, was isolated from a Callistemon citrinus rhizosphere sample collected from New Delhi, India, and its taxonomic status was determined by using a polyphasic approach. 24510974 6 86 theme rRNA 813:816 arg1 similarities 832:843 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 809:843 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora 809:913 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 13 87 from differences 1577:1587 arg1 data 1622:1625 physiological and biochemical data 1592:1625 physiological and biochemical data 1592:1625 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24510974 15 88 theme =KCTC 1811:1815 arg1 BAA-2551T 1851:1859 =KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T 1811:1859 =KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T 1811:1859 The type strain is VRC122T (=KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T). 24510974 15 88 theme =KCTC 1811:1815 arg1 VRC122T 1802:1808 VRC122T 1802:1808 VRC122T (=KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T) 1802:1860 The type strain is VRC122T (=KCTC 29208T=MTCC 11564T=MCC 2206T=ATCC BAA-2551T). 24510974 2 89 dep Callistemon 184:194 arg1 citrinus 196:203 Callistemon citrinus 184:203 a Callistemon citrinus rhizosphere sample collected from New Delhi, India 182:254 A novel actinomycete strain, designated VRC122T, was isolated from a Callistemon citrinus rhizosphere sample collected from New Delhi, India, and its taxonomic status was determined by using a polyphasic approach. 24510974 10 90 theme predominant 1188:1198 arg1 MK-9 1171:1174 MK-9 1171:1174 MK-9(H6) 1171:1178 MK-9(H6) was the predominant menaquinone. 24510974 10 90 theme predominant 1188:1198 arg1 menaquinone 1200:1210 the predominant menaquinone 1184:1210 the predominant menaquinone 1184:1210 MK-9(H6) was the predominant menaquinone. 24510974 6 91 theme Saccharopolyspora 707:723 arg1 I05-00074T 739:748 Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T 707:748 Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) 707:757 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 6 91 theme Saccharopolyspora 707:723 arg1 % 756:756 98.69% 751:756 98.69% 751:756 kobensis JCM 9109T (98.71%), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074T (98.69%) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12T (98.66%); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98%. 24510974 11 92 dep C16:0 1220:1224 arg1 feature 1313:1319 summed feature 3 1306:1321 summed feature 3 1306:1321 C14:0, C16:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, C17:0 cyclo and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. 24510974 11 92 dep C16:0 1220:1224 arg1 iso-C16:0 1238:1246 iso-C16:0 1238:1246 iso-C16:0 1238:1246 C14:0, C16:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, C17:0 cyclo and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. 24510974 11 92 dep C16:0 1220:1224 arg1 iso-C17:0 1249:1257 iso-C17:0 1249:1257 iso-C17:0 1249:1257 C14:0, C16:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, C17:0 cyclo and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. 24510974 11 92 dep C16:0 1220:1224 arg1 cyclo 1296:1300 C17:0 cyclo 1290:1300 C17:0 cyclo 1290:1300 C14:0, C16:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, C17:0 cyclo and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. 24510974 11 92 dep C16:0 1220:1224 arg1 C16:1ω7c 1324:1331 C16:1ω7c 1324:1331 C16:1ω7c 1324:1331 C14:0, C16:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, C17:0 cyclo and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. 24510974 11 92 dep C16:0 1220:1224 arg1 iso-C15:0 1227:1235 iso-C15:0 1227:1235 iso-C15:0 1227:1235 C14:0, C16:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, C17:0 cyclo and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. 24510974 11 92 dep C16:0 1220:1224 arg1 C16:1ω6c 1340:1347 C16:1ω6c 1340:1347 C16:1ω6c 1340:1347 C14:0, C16:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, C17:0 cyclo and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. 24510974 11 92 dep C16:0 1220:1224 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1260:1272 anteiso-C15:0 1260:1272 anteiso-C15:0 1260:1272 C14:0, C16:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, C17:0 cyclo and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. 24510974 11 92 dep C16:0 1220:1224 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 1275:1287 anteiso-C17:0 1275:1287 anteiso-C17:0 1275:1287 C14:0, C16:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, C17:0 cyclo and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. 24510974 13 93 from combination 1560:1570 arg1 strains 1517:1523 type strains 1512:1523 type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data 1512:1625 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30%, 22% and 25%, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. 24021729 2 0 theme bacterial 97:105 arg1 strain 107:112 A bacterial strain 95:112 A bacterial strain designated RLAHU4B(T) 95:134 A bacterial strain designated RLAHU4B(T) was isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus in León (Spain). 24021729 11 1 theme Cohnella 1125:1132 arg1 species 1104:1110 all recognized species 1089:1110 all recognized species of the genus Cohnella 1089:1132 Strain RLAHU4B(T) presented phenotypic differences from all recognized species of the genus Cohnella. 24021729 6 2 theme % 608:608 arg1 NaCl 610:613 5 % NaCl 606:613 5 % NaCl 606:613 Strain RLAHU4B(T) grew in the presence of 5 % NaCl. 24021729 3 3 theme lower 263:267 arg1 similarities 250:261 similarities 250:261 similarities lower than 97 % 250:277 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Cohnella. 24021729 12 4 theme name 1285:1288 arg1 sp 1306:1307 the name Cohnella lupini sp 1281:1307 the name Cohnella lupini sp 1281:1307 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data indicated that strain RLAHU4B(T) belongs to a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella lupini sp. 24021729 11 5 theme genus 1119:1123 arg1 Cohnella 1125:1132 the genus Cohnella 1115:1132 the genus Cohnella 1115:1132 Strain RLAHU4B(T) presented phenotypic differences from all recognized species of the genus Cohnella. 24021729 2 6 from nodules 159:165 arg1 Spain 193:197 Spain 193:197 Spain 193:197 A bacterial strain designated RLAHU4B(T) was isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus in León (Spain). 24021729 13 7 theme strain 1333:1338 arg1 RLAHU4B 1340:1346 strain RLAHU4B 1333:1346 strain RLAHU4B(T) ( = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236(T)) as the type strain 1333:1401 nov. is proposed, with strain RLAHU4B(T) ( = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236(T)) as the type strain. 24021729 13 7 theme strain 1333:1338 arg1 T 1348:1348 T 1348:1348 T 1348:1348 nov. is proposed, with strain RLAHU4B(T) ( = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236(T)) as the type strain. 24021729 12 8 theme novel 1234:1238 arg1 species 1240:1246 a novel species 1232:1246 a novel species 1232:1246 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data indicated that strain RLAHU4B(T) belongs to a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella lupini sp. 24021729 7 9 attach present 686:692 arg1 peptidoglycan 701:713 the peptidoglycan 697:713 the peptidoglycan 697:713 MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the peptidoglycan. 24021729 7 9 attach present 686:692 arg2 acid 677:680 meso-diaminopimelic acid 657:680 meso-diaminopimelic acid 657:680 MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the peptidoglycan. 24021729 12 10 theme genus 1255:1259 arg1 Cohnella 1261:1268 the genus Cohnella 1251:1268 the genus Cohnella 1251:1268 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data indicated that strain RLAHU4B(T) belongs to a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella lupini sp. 24021729 11 11 theme Strain 1033:1038 arg1 T 1048:1048 T 1048:1048 T 1048:1048 Strain RLAHU4B(T) presented phenotypic differences from all recognized species of the genus Cohnella. 24021729 11 11 theme Strain 1033:1038 arg1 RLAHU4B 1040:1046 Strain RLAHU4B 1033:1046 Strain RLAHU4B(T) 1033:1049 Strain RLAHU4B(T) presented phenotypic differences from all recognized species of the genus Cohnella. 24021729 0 12 theme Cohnella 0:7 arg1 lupini 9:14 Cohnella lupini 0:14 Cohnella lupini 0:14 Cohnella lupini sp. 24021729 6 13 theme 5  606:607 arg1 % 608:608 % 608:608 % 608:608 Strain RLAHU4B(T) grew in the presence of 5 % NaCl. 24021729 9 14 theme Major 798:802 arg1 lipids 810:815 Major polar lipids 798:815 Major polar lipids of strain RLAHU4B(T) 798:836 Major polar lipids of strain RLAHU4B(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminophospholipids and one unknown lipid. 24021729 7 15 from present 686:692 arg1 peptidoglycan 701:713 the peptidoglycan 697:713 the peptidoglycan 697:713 MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the peptidoglycan. 24021729 12 16 theme phylogenetic 1139:1150 arg1 data 1183:1186 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 1135:1186 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 1135:1186 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data indicated that strain RLAHU4B(T) belongs to a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella lupini sp. 24021729 9 17 theme polar 804:808 arg1 lipids 810:815 Major polar lipids 798:815 Major polar lipids of strain RLAHU4B(T) 798:836 Major polar lipids of strain RLAHU4B(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminophospholipids and one unknown lipid. 24021729 4 18 theme peritrichous 394:405 arg1 flagella 407:414 peritrichous flagella 394:414 peritrichous flagella 394:414 The strain was a Gram-variable, sporulating rod, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, and facultatively anaerobic. 24021729 1 19 theme root 64:67 arg1 nodules 69:75 root nodules 64:75 root nodules of Lupinus albus 64:92 nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus. 24021729 12 20 theme Cohnella 1261:1268 arg1 species 1240:1246 a novel species 1232:1246 a novel species 1232:1246 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data indicated that strain RLAHU4B(T) belongs to a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella lupini sp. 24021729 10 21 theme DNA 1002:1004 arg1 content 1010:1016 The DNA G+C content 998:1016 The DNA G+C content 998:1016 The DNA G+C content was 57.8 mol%. 24021729 10 21 theme DNA 1002:1004 arg1 % 1030:1030 57.8 mol% 1022:1030 57.8 mol% 1022:1030 The DNA G+C content was 57.8 mol%. 24021729 13 22 theme 27416 1359:1363 arg1 8236 1375:1378  = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236 1352:1378  = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236(T) 1352:1381 nov. is proposed, with strain RLAHU4B(T) ( = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236(T)) as the type strain. 24021729 13 22 theme 27416 1359:1363 arg1 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 nov. is proposed, with strain RLAHU4B(T) ( = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236(T)) as the type strain. 24021729 9 23 theme unknown 948:954 arg1 aminophospholipids 956:973 two unknown aminophospholipids 944:973 two unknown aminophospholipids 944:973 Major polar lipids of strain RLAHU4B(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminophospholipids and one unknown lipid. 24021729 12 24 theme chemotaxonomic 1153:1166 arg1 data 1183:1186 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 1135:1186 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 1135:1186 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data indicated that strain RLAHU4B(T) belongs to a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella lupini sp. 24021729 3 25 theme genus 310:314 arg1 Cohnella 316:323 the genus Cohnella 306:323 the genus Cohnella 306:323 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Cohnella. 24021729 1 26 attach isolated 50:57 arg2 bacterium 40:48 an endophytic bacterium 26:48 an endophytic bacterium isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus 26:92 nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus. 24021729 1 26 attach isolated 50:57 arg1 nodules 69:75 root nodules 64:75 root nodules of Lupinus albus 64:92 nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus. 24021729 7 27 from peptidoglycan 701:713 arg1 present 686:692 present 686:692 present 686:692 MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the peptidoglycan. 24021729 5 28 theme β-galactosidase 488:502 arg1 production 504:513 β-galactosidase production 488:513 β-galactosidase production 488:513 It was positive for oxidase, catalase and β-galactosidase production but negative for urease, amylase and gelatinase. 24021729 9 29 theme strain 820:825 arg1 T 835:835 T 835:835 T 835:835 Major polar lipids of strain RLAHU4B(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminophospholipids and one unknown lipid. 24021729 9 29 theme strain 820:825 arg1 RLAHU4B 827:833 strain RLAHU4B 820:833 strain RLAHU4B(T) 820:836 Major polar lipids of strain RLAHU4B(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminophospholipids and one unknown lipid. 24021729 3 30 theme gene 214:217 arg1 sequence 219:226 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 201:226 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain 201:241 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Cohnella. 24021729 13 31 theme  = LMG 1352:1357 arg1 8236 1375:1378  = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236 1352:1378  = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236(T) 1352:1381 nov. is proposed, with strain RLAHU4B(T) ( = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236(T)) as the type strain. 24021729 13 31 theme  = LMG 1352:1357 arg1 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 nov. is proposed, with strain RLAHU4B(T) ( = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236(T)) as the type strain. 24021729 13 32 theme T 1365:1365 arg1 8236 1375:1378  = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236 1352:1378  = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236(T) 1352:1381 nov. is proposed, with strain RLAHU4B(T) ( = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236(T)) as the type strain. 24021729 13 32 theme T 1365:1365 arg1 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 nov. is proposed, with strain RLAHU4B(T) ( = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236(T)) as the type strain. 24021729 2 33 attach isolated 140:147 arg1 nodules 159:165 root nodules 154:165 root nodules of Lupinus albus in León (Spain) 154:198 A bacterial strain designated RLAHU4B(T) was isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus in León (Spain). 24021729 2 33 attach isolated 140:147 arg2 strain 107:112 A bacterial strain 95:112 A bacterial strain designated RLAHU4B(T) 95:134 A bacterial strain designated RLAHU4B(T) was isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus in León (Spain). 24021729 9 34 theme RLAHU4B 827:833 arg1 lipids 810:815 Major polar lipids 798:815 Major polar lipids of strain RLAHU4B(T) 798:836 Major polar lipids of strain RLAHU4B(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminophospholipids and one unknown lipid. 24021729 1 35 theme albus 88:92 arg1 nodules 69:75 root nodules 64:75 root nodules of Lupinus albus 64:92 nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus. 24021729 3 36 theme 16S 205:207 arg1 rRNA 209:212 The 16S rRNA 201:212 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain 201:241 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Cohnella. 24021729 4 37 theme sporulating 358:368 arg1 Gram-variable 343:355 a Gram-variable 341:355 a Gram-variable 341:355 The strain was a Gram-variable, sporulating rod, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, and facultatively anaerobic. 24021729 4 37 theme sporulating 358:368 arg1 rod 370:372 sporulating rod 358:372 sporulating rod 358:372 The strain was a Gram-variable, sporulating rod, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, and facultatively anaerobic. 24021729 12 38 theme strain 1203:1208 arg1 T 1218:1218 T 1218:1218 T 1218:1218 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data indicated that strain RLAHU4B(T) belongs to a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella lupini sp. 24021729 12 38 theme strain 1203:1208 arg1 RLAHU4B 1210:1216 strain RLAHU4B 1203:1216 strain RLAHU4B(T) 1203:1219 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data indicated that strain RLAHU4B(T) belongs to a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella lupini sp. 24021729 9 39 theme unknown 983:989 arg1 lipid 991:995 one unknown lipid 979:995 one unknown lipid 979:995 Major polar lipids of strain RLAHU4B(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminophospholipids and one unknown lipid. 24021729 3 40 theme rRNA 209:212 arg1 sequence 219:226 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 201:226 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain 201:241 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Cohnella. 24021729 4 41 theme motile 375:380 arg1 Gram-variable 343:355 a Gram-variable 341:355 a Gram-variable 341:355 The strain was a Gram-variable, sporulating rod, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, and facultatively anaerobic. 24021729 4 41 theme motile 375:380 arg1 rod 370:372 sporulating rod 358:372 sporulating rod 358:372 The strain was a Gram-variable, sporulating rod, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, and facultatively anaerobic. 24021729 10 42 theme G+C 1006:1008 arg1 content 1010:1016 The DNA G+C content 998:1016 The DNA G+C content 998:1016 The DNA G+C content was 57.8 mol%. 24021729 10 42 theme G+C 1006:1008 arg1 % 1030:1030 57.8 mol% 1022:1030 57.8 mol% 1022:1030 The DNA G+C content was 57.8 mol%. 24021729 3 43 theme Cohnella 316:323 arg1 species 295:301 species 295:301 species of the genus Cohnella 295:323 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Cohnella. 24021729 3 44 theme strain 236:241 arg1 sequence 219:226 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 201:226 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain 201:241 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed similarities lower than 97 % with respect to species of the genus Cohnella. 24021729 7 45 located present 686:692 arg2 acid 677:680 meso-diaminopimelic acid 657:680 meso-diaminopimelic acid 657:680 MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the peptidoglycan. 24021729 7 45 located present 686:692 arg1 peptidoglycan 701:713 the peptidoglycan 697:713 the peptidoglycan 697:713 MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the peptidoglycan. 24021729 11 46 theme phenotypic 1061:1070 arg1 differences 1072:1082 phenotypic differences 1061:1082 phenotypic differences from all recognized species of the genus Cohnella 1061:1132 Strain RLAHU4B(T) presented phenotypic differences from all recognized species of the genus Cohnella. 24021729 13 47 theme type 1391:1394 arg1 strain 1396:1401 the type strain 1387:1401 the type strain 1387:1401 nov. is proposed, with strain RLAHU4B(T) ( = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236(T)) as the type strain. 24021729 12 48 theme lupini 1299:1304 arg1 sp 1306:1307 the name Cohnella lupini sp 1281:1307 the name Cohnella lupini sp 1281:1307 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data indicated that strain RLAHU4B(T) belongs to a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella lupini sp. 24021729 2 49 theme albus 178:182 arg1 nodules 159:165 root nodules 154:165 root nodules of Lupinus albus in León (Spain) 154:198 A bacterial strain designated RLAHU4B(T) was isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus in León (Spain). 24021729 8 50 theme fatty 785:789 arg1 anteiso-C15  716:727 anteiso-C15  716:727 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 716:768 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24021729 8 50 theme fatty 785:789 arg1 acids 791:795 the major fatty acids 775:795 the major fatty acids 775:795 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24021729 7 51 theme meso-diaminopimelic 657:675 arg1 acid 677:680 meso-diaminopimelic acid 657:680 meso-diaminopimelic acid 657:680 MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the peptidoglycan. 24021729 9 52 theme unknown 921:927 arg1 phospholipids 929:941 three unknown phospholipids 915:941 three unknown phospholipids 915:941 Major polar lipids of strain RLAHU4B(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown phospholipids, two unknown aminophospholipids and one unknown lipid. 24021729 12 53 theme Cohnella 1290:1297 arg1 sp 1306:1307 the name Cohnella lupini sp 1281:1307 the name Cohnella lupini sp 1281:1307 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data indicated that strain RLAHU4B(T) belongs to a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella lupini sp. 24021729 12 54 theme phenotypic 1172:1181 arg1 data 1183:1186 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 1135:1186 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 1135:1186 The phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data indicated that strain RLAHU4B(T) belongs to a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella lupini sp. 24021729 8 55 theme major 779:783 arg1 anteiso-C15  716:727 anteiso-C15  716:727 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 716:768 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24021729 8 55 theme major 779:783 arg1 acids 791:795 the major fatty acids 775:795 the major fatty acids 775:795 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24021729 1 56 dep bacterium 40:48 arg1 nov. 20:23 nov. 20:23 nov. 20:23 nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus. 24021729 8 57 dep anteiso-C15  716:727 arg1 C16  762:765 C16  762:765 C16  762:765 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24021729 8 57 dep anteiso-C15  716:727 arg1  0 767:768  0 767:768 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 716:768 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24021729 8 57 dep anteiso-C15  716:727 arg1  0 729:730  0 729:730  0 729:730 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24021729 8 57 dep anteiso-C15  716:727 arg1 iso-C15  746:753 iso-C15  746:753 iso-C15  746:753 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24021729 8 57 dep anteiso-C15  716:727 arg1  0 755:756  0 755:756  0 755:756 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24021729 8 57 dep anteiso-C15  716:727 arg1 iso-C16  733:740 iso-C16  733:740 iso-C16  733:740 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24021729 8 57 dep anteiso-C15  716:727 arg1  0 742:743  0 742:743  0 742:743 anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24021729 7 58 theme predominant 629:639 arg1 MK-7 616:619 MK-7 616:619 MK-7 616:619 MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the peptidoglycan. 24021729 7 58 theme predominant 629:639 arg1 menaquinone 641:651 the predominant menaquinone 625:651 the predominant menaquinone 625:651 MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the peptidoglycan. 24021729 11 59 theme recognized 1093:1102 arg1 species 1104:1110 all recognized species 1089:1110 all recognized species of the genus Cohnella 1089:1132 Strain RLAHU4B(T) presented phenotypic differences from all recognized species of the genus Cohnella. 24021729 0 60 dep sp 16:17 arg1 lupini 9:14 Cohnella lupini 0:14 Cohnella lupini 0:14 Cohnella lupini sp. 24021729 6 61 theme Strain 564:569 arg1 T 579:579 T 579:579 T 579:579 Strain RLAHU4B(T) grew in the presence of 5 % NaCl. 24021729 6 61 theme Strain 564:569 arg1 RLAHU4B 571:577 Strain RLAHU4B 564:577 Strain RLAHU4B(T) 564:580 Strain RLAHU4B(T) grew in the presence of 5 % NaCl. 24021729 2 62 theme root 154:157 arg1 nodules 159:165 root nodules 154:165 root nodules of Lupinus albus in León (Spain) 154:198 A bacterial strain designated RLAHU4B(T) was isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus in León (Spain). 24021729 13 63 dep RLAHU4B 1340:1346 arg1 8236 1375:1378  = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236 1352:1378  = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236(T) 1352:1381 nov. is proposed, with strain RLAHU4B(T) ( = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236(T)) as the type strain. 24021729 13 63 dep RLAHU4B 1340:1346 arg1 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 nov. is proposed, with strain RLAHU4B(T) ( = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236(T)) as the type strain. 24021729 11 64 from species 1104:1110 arg1 differences 1072:1082 phenotypic differences 1061:1082 phenotypic differences from all recognized species of the genus Cohnella 1061:1132 Strain RLAHU4B(T) presented phenotypic differences from all recognized species of the genus Cohnella. 24021729 13 65 theme  = CECT 1367:1373 arg1 8236 1375:1378  = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236 1352:1378  = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236(T) 1352:1381 nov. is proposed, with strain RLAHU4B(T) ( = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236(T)) as the type strain. 24021729 13 65 theme  = CECT 1367:1373 arg1 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 nov. is proposed, with strain RLAHU4B(T) ( = LMG 27416(T) = CECT 8236(T)) as the type strain. 24021729 1 66 theme endophytic 29:38 arg1 bacterium 40:48 an endophytic bacterium 26:48 an endophytic bacterium isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus 26:92 nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus. 24021729 6 67 theme NaCl 610:613 arg1 presence 594:601 the presence 590:601 the presence of 5 % NaCl 590:613 Strain RLAHU4B(T) grew in the presence of 5 % NaCl. 24021729 10 68 theme mol 1027:1029 arg1 content 1010:1016 The DNA G+C content 998:1016 The DNA G+C content 998:1016 The DNA G+C content was 57.8 mol%. 24021729 10 68 theme mol 1027:1029 arg1 % 1030:1030 57.8 mol% 1022:1030 57.8 mol% 1022:1030 The DNA G+C content was 57.8 mol%. 28911462 0 0 theme polysaccharides 88:102 arg1 in vitro 104:111 polysaccharides in vitro 88:111 polysaccharides in vitro 88:111 Optimization of fermentation process of Cordyceps militaris and antitumor activities of polysaccharides in vitro. 28911462 2 1 used used 484:487 arg2 strategy 372:379 An optimization strategy 356:379 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) 356:473 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 2 theme sucrose 615:621 arg1 conditions 674:683 the optimal culture conditions 654:683 the optimal culture conditions 654:683 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 2 theme sucrose 615:621 arg1 5.60 g/L 641:648 KH2PO4 5.60 g/L 634:648 KH2PO4 5.60 g/L 634:648 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 2 theme sucrose 615:621 arg1 40 mL/250 mL 781:792 initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL 689:792 initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL 689:792 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 2 theme sucrose 615:621 arg1 27.24 g/L 623:631 sucrose 27.24 g/L 615:631 sucrose 27.24 g/L 615:631 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 2 theme sucrose 615:621 arg1 10.33 g/L 604:612 yeast extract 10.33 g/L 590:612 yeast extract 10.33 g/L 590:612 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 3 theme rotation 709:716 arg1 r/minute 728:735 rotation speed 150 r/minute 709:735 rotation speed 150 r/minute 709:735 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 3 4 theme intracellular 841:853 arg1 polysaccharide 855:868 intracellular polysaccharide 841:868 intracellular polysaccharide 841:868 Under these conditions, the yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine and mannitol reached 12.19 g/L, 0.6 g/L, 61.84 mg/L, and 1.38 g/L, respectively, and the D value was 0.77. 28911462 1 5 theme Cordyceps 265:273 arg1 2909 291:294 Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 265:294 Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 265:294 The influence of medium composition and cultural conditions on simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 was investigated with desirability functions in this study. 28911462 2 6 theme medium 501:506 arg1 composition 508:518 medium composition 501:518 medium composition 501:518 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 7 theme culture 666:672 arg1 5.60 g/L 641:648 KH2PO4 5.60 g/L 634:648 KH2PO4 5.60 g/L 634:648 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 7 theme culture 666:672 arg1 27.24 g/L 623:631 sucrose 27.24 g/L 615:631 sucrose 27.24 g/L 615:631 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 7 theme culture 666:672 arg1 40 mL/250 mL 781:792 initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL 689:792 initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL 689:792 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 7 theme culture 666:672 arg1 conditions 674:683 the optimal culture conditions 654:683 the optimal culture conditions 654:683 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 7 theme culture 666:672 arg1 10.33 g/L 604:612 yeast extract 10.33 g/L 590:612 yeast extract 10.33 g/L 590:612 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 1 8 theme simultaneous 177:188 arg1 yield 190:194 simultaneous yield 177:194 simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 177:294 The influence of medium composition and cultural conditions on simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 was investigated with desirability functions in this study. 28911462 1 9 theme militaris 275:283 arg1 2909 291:294 Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 265:294 Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 265:294 The influence of medium composition and cultural conditions on simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 was investigated with desirability functions in this study. 28911462 1 10 from functions 331:339 arg1 study 349:353 this study 344:353 this study 344:353 The influence of medium composition and cultural conditions on simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 was investigated with desirability functions in this study. 28911462 2 11 theme optimal 658:664 arg1 5.60 g/L 641:648 KH2PO4 5.60 g/L 634:648 KH2PO4 5.60 g/L 634:648 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 11 theme optimal 658:664 arg1 27.24 g/L 623:631 sucrose 27.24 g/L 615:631 sucrose 27.24 g/L 615:631 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 11 theme optimal 658:664 arg1 40 mL/250 mL 781:792 initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL 689:792 initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL 689:792 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 11 theme optimal 658:664 arg1 conditions 674:683 the optimal culture conditions 654:683 the optimal culture conditions 654:683 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 11 theme optimal 658:664 arg1 10.33 g/L 604:612 yeast extract 10.33 g/L 590:612 yeast extract 10.33 g/L 590:612 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 3 12 theme mycelia 832:838 arg1 yield 823:827 the yield 819:827 the yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine and mannitol 819:892 Under these conditions, the yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine and mannitol reached 12.19 g/L, 0.6 g/L, 61.84 mg/L, and 1.38 g/L, respectively, and the D value was 0.77. 28911462 1 13 theme CGMCC 285:289 arg1 2909 291:294 Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 265:294 Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 265:294 The influence of medium composition and cultural conditions on simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 was investigated with desirability functions in this study. 28911462 0 14 theme in vitro 104:111 arg1 militaris 50:58 Cordyceps militaris 40:58 Cordyceps militaris 40:58 Optimization of fermentation process of Cordyceps militaris and antitumor activities of polysaccharides in vitro. 28911462 0 14 theme in vitro 104:111 arg1 activities 74:83 antitumor activities 64:83 antitumor activities of polysaccharides in vitro 64:111 Optimization of fermentation process of Cordyceps militaris and antitumor activities of polysaccharides in vitro. 28911462 2 15 theme extract 596:602 arg1 conditions 674:683 the optimal culture conditions 654:683 the optimal culture conditions 654:683 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 15 theme extract 596:602 arg1 27.24 g/L 623:631 sucrose 27.24 g/L 615:631 sucrose 27.24 g/L 615:631 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 15 theme extract 596:602 arg1 10.33 g/L 604:612 yeast extract 10.33 g/L 590:612 yeast extract 10.33 g/L 590:612 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 15 theme extract 596:602 arg1 40 mL/250 mL 781:792 initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL 689:792 initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL 689:792 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 15 theme extract 596:602 arg1 5.60 g/L 641:648 KH2PO4 5.60 g/L 634:648 KH2PO4 5.60 g/L 634:648 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 4 16 theme HepG2 1078:1082 arg1 in vitro 1084:1091 HeLa and HepG2 in vitro 1069:1091 HeLa and HepG2 in vitro 1069:1091 Furthermore, the polysaccharides showed significant antitumor activities against HeLa and HepG2 in vitro in a dose-dependent manner in 72 hours. 28911462 2 17 theme 4 752:752 arg1 % 753:753 % 753:753 % 753:753 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 5 18 theme inhibition 1171:1180 arg1 % 1215:1215 92.38% 1210:1215 92.38% 1210:1215 At a concentration of 1000 mg/mL, the inhibition rate of polysaccharides was 92.38% and 98.79%. 28911462 5 18 theme inhibition 1171:1180 arg1 rate 1182:1185 the inhibition rate 1167:1185 the inhibition rate of polysaccharides 1167:1204 At a concentration of 1000 mg/mL, the inhibition rate of polysaccharides was 92.38% and 98.79%. 28911462 2 19 theme optimal 529:535 arg1 medium 537:542 the optimal medium 525:542 the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows 525:587 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 3 20 theme adenosine 871:879 arg1 yield 823:827 the yield 819:827 the yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine and mannitol 819:892 Under these conditions, the yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine and mannitol reached 12.19 g/L, 0.6 g/L, 61.84 mg/L, and 1.38 g/L, respectively, and the D value was 0.77. 28911462 5 21 from concentration 1138:1150 arg1 rate 1182:1185 the inhibition rate 1167:1185 the inhibition rate of polysaccharides 1167:1204 At a concentration of 1000 mg/mL, the inhibition rate of polysaccharides was 92.38% and 98.79%. 28911462 5 21 from concentration 1138:1150 arg1 % 1215:1215 92.38% 1210:1215 92.38% 1210:1215 At a concentration of 1000 mg/mL, the inhibition rate of polysaccharides was 92.38% and 98.79%. 28911462 5 21 from concentration 1138:1150 arg1 % 1226:1226 98.79% 1221:1226 98.79% 1221:1226 At a concentration of 1000 mg/mL, the inhibition rate of polysaccharides was 92.38% and 98.79%. 28911462 2 22 theme surface 449:455 arg1 RSM 470:472 RSM 470:472 RSM 470:472 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 22 theme surface 449:455 arg1 methodology 457:467 response surface methodology 440:467 response surface methodology (RSM) 440:473 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 23 theme size 747:750 arg1 5.60 g/L 641:648 KH2PO4 5.60 g/L 634:648 KH2PO4 5.60 g/L 634:648 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 23 theme size 747:750 arg1 27.24 g/L 623:631 sucrose 27.24 g/L 615:631 sucrose 27.24 g/L 615:631 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 23 theme size 747:750 arg1 conditions 674:683 the optimal culture conditions 654:683 the optimal culture conditions 654:683 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 23 theme size 747:750 arg1 40 mL/250 mL 781:792 initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL 689:792 initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL 689:792 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 23 theme size 747:750 arg1 10.33 g/L 604:612 yeast extract 10.33 g/L 590:612 yeast extract 10.33 g/L 590:612 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 24 theme KH2PO4 634:639 arg1 conditions 674:683 the optimal culture conditions 654:683 the optimal culture conditions 654:683 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 24 theme KH2PO4 634:639 arg1 27.24 g/L 623:631 sucrose 27.24 g/L 615:631 sucrose 27.24 g/L 615:631 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 24 theme KH2PO4 634:639 arg1 10.33 g/L 604:612 yeast extract 10.33 g/L 590:612 yeast extract 10.33 g/L 590:612 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 24 theme KH2PO4 634:639 arg1 40 mL/250 mL 781:792 initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL 689:792 initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL 689:792 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 24 theme KH2PO4 634:639 arg1 5.60 g/L 641:648 KH2PO4 5.60 g/L 634:648 KH2PO4 5.60 g/L 634:648 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 25 theme pH 697:698 arg1 5.60 g/L 641:648 KH2PO4 5.60 g/L 634:648 KH2PO4 5.60 g/L 634:648 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 25 theme pH 697:698 arg1 27.24 g/L 623:631 sucrose 27.24 g/L 615:631 sucrose 27.24 g/L 615:631 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 25 theme pH 697:698 arg1 conditions 674:683 the optimal culture conditions 654:683 the optimal culture conditions 654:683 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 25 theme pH 697:698 arg1 40 mL/250 mL 781:792 initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL 689:792 initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL 689:792 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 25 theme pH 697:698 arg1 10.33 g/L 604:612 yeast extract 10.33 g/L 590:612 yeast extract 10.33 g/L 590:612 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 26 theme inoculum 738:745 arg1 size 747:750 inoculum size 738:750 inoculum size 4%(v/v) 738:758 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 27 theme initial 689:695 arg1 pH 697:698 initial pH 6 689:700 initial pH 6 689:700 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 1 28 theme mycelia 199:205 arg1 yield 190:194 simultaneous yield 177:194 simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 177:294 The influence of medium composition and cultural conditions on simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 was investigated with desirability functions in this study. 28911462 5 29 theme 1000 mg/mL 1155:1164 arg1 concentration 1138:1150 a concentration 1136:1150 a concentration of 1000 mg/mL 1136:1164 At a concentration of 1000 mg/mL, the inhibition rate of polysaccharides was 92.38% and 98.79%. 28911462 4 30 theme antitumor 1040:1048 arg1 activities 1050:1059 significant antitumor activities 1028:1059 significant antitumor activities against HeLa and HepG2 in vitro 1028:1091 Furthermore, the polysaccharides showed significant antitumor activities against HeLa and HepG2 in vitro in a dose-dependent manner in 72 hours. 28911462 4 31 theme HeLa 1069:1072 arg1 in vitro 1084:1091 HeLa and HepG2 in vitro 1069:1091 HeLa and HepG2 in vitro 1069:1091 Furthermore, the polysaccharides showed significant antitumor activities against HeLa and HepG2 in vitro in a dose-dependent manner in 72 hours. 28911462 2 32 theme function 407:414 arg1 approach 416:423 the desirability function approach 390:423 the desirability function approach 390:423 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 0 33 theme process 29:35 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of fermentation process of Cordyceps militaris and antitumor activities of polysaccharides in vitro. 0:112 Optimization of fermentation process of Cordyceps militaris and antitumor activities of polysaccharides in vitro. 28911462 1 34 theme intracellular 208:220 arg1 polysaccharide 222:235 intracellular polysaccharide 208:235 intracellular polysaccharide 208:235 The influence of medium composition and cultural conditions on simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 was investigated with desirability functions in this study. 28911462 0 35 theme fermentation 16:27 arg1 process 29:35 fermentation process 16:35 fermentation process of Cordyceps militaris and antitumor activities of polysaccharides in vitro 16:111 Optimization of fermentation process of Cordyceps militaris and antitumor activities of polysaccharides in vitro. 28911462 2 36 theme desirability 394:405 arg1 approach 416:423 the desirability function approach 390:423 the desirability function approach 390:423 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 3 37 theme mannitol 885:892 arg1 yield 823:827 the yield 819:827 the yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine and mannitol 819:892 Under these conditions, the yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine and mannitol reached 12.19 g/L, 0.6 g/L, 61.84 mg/L, and 1.38 g/L, respectively, and the D value was 0.77. 28911462 1 38 theme polysaccharide 222:235 arg1 yield 190:194 simultaneous yield 177:194 simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 177:294 The influence of medium composition and cultural conditions on simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 was investigated with desirability functions in this study. 28911462 0 39 theme Cordyceps 40:48 arg1 militaris 50:58 Cordyceps militaris 40:58 Cordyceps militaris 40:58 Optimization of fermentation process of Cordyceps militaris and antitumor activities of polysaccharides in vitro. 28911462 1 40 theme desirability 318:329 arg1 functions 331:339 desirability functions 318:339 desirability functions in this study 318:353 The influence of medium composition and cultural conditions on simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 was investigated with desirability functions in this study. 28911462 2 41 theme % 753:753 arg1 size 747:750 inoculum size 738:750 inoculum size 4%(v/v) 738:758 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 42 theme response 440:447 arg1 RSM 470:472 RSM 470:472 RSM 470:472 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 42 theme response 440:447 arg1 methodology 457:467 response surface methodology 440:467 response surface methodology (RSM) 440:473 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 4 43 theme significant 1028:1038 arg1 activities 1050:1059 significant antitumor activities 1028:1059 significant antitumor activities against HeLa and HepG2 in vitro 1028:1091 Furthermore, the polysaccharides showed significant antitumor activities against HeLa and HepG2 in vitro in a dose-dependent manner in 72 hours. 28911462 5 44 theme polysaccharides 1190:1204 arg1 % 1215:1215 92.38% 1210:1215 92.38% 1210:1215 At a concentration of 1000 mg/mL, the inhibition rate of polysaccharides was 92.38% and 98.79%. 28911462 5 44 theme polysaccharides 1190:1204 arg1 rate 1182:1185 the inhibition rate 1167:1185 the inhibition rate of polysaccharides 1167:1204 At a concentration of 1000 mg/mL, the inhibition rate of polysaccharides was 92.38% and 98.79%. 28911462 2 45 dep % 753:753 arg1 v/v 755:757 v/v 755:757 v/v 755:757 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 1 46 theme adenosine 238:246 arg1 yield 190:194 simultaneous yield 177:194 simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 177:294 The influence of medium composition and cultural conditions on simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 was investigated with desirability functions in this study. 28911462 2 47 theme yeast 590:594 arg1 conditions 674:683 the optimal culture conditions 654:683 the optimal culture conditions 654:683 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 47 theme yeast 590:594 arg1 27.24 g/L 623:631 sucrose 27.24 g/L 615:631 sucrose 27.24 g/L 615:631 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 47 theme yeast 590:594 arg1 10.33 g/L 604:612 yeast extract 10.33 g/L 590:612 yeast extract 10.33 g/L 590:612 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 47 theme yeast 590:594 arg1 40 mL/250 mL 781:792 initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL 689:792 initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL 689:792 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 47 theme yeast 590:594 arg1 5.60 g/L 641:648 KH2PO4 5.60 g/L 634:648 KH2PO4 5.60 g/L 634:648 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 48 theme 25°C 703:706 arg1 5.60 g/L 641:648 KH2PO4 5.60 g/L 634:648 KH2PO4 5.60 g/L 634:648 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 48 theme 25°C 703:706 arg1 27.24 g/L 623:631 sucrose 27.24 g/L 615:631 sucrose 27.24 g/L 615:631 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 48 theme 25°C 703:706 arg1 conditions 674:683 the optimal culture conditions 654:683 the optimal culture conditions 654:683 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 48 theme 25°C 703:706 arg1 40 mL/250 mL 781:792 initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL 689:792 initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL 689:792 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 48 theme 25°C 703:706 arg1 10.33 g/L 604:612 yeast extract 10.33 g/L 590:612 yeast extract 10.33 g/L 590:612 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 0 49 theme militaris 50:58 arg1 process 29:35 fermentation process 16:35 fermentation process of Cordyceps militaris and antitumor activities of polysaccharides in vitro 16:111 Optimization of fermentation process of Cordyceps militaris and antitumor activities of polysaccharides in vitro. 28911462 1 50 theme medium 131:136 arg1 composition 138:148 medium composition 131:148 medium composition 131:148 The influence of medium composition and cultural conditions on simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 was investigated with desirability functions in this study. 28911462 2 51 theme capacity 772:779 arg1 5.60 g/L 641:648 KH2PO4 5.60 g/L 634:648 KH2PO4 5.60 g/L 634:648 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 51 theme capacity 772:779 arg1 27.24 g/L 623:631 sucrose 27.24 g/L 615:631 sucrose 27.24 g/L 615:631 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 51 theme capacity 772:779 arg1 conditions 674:683 the optimal culture conditions 654:683 the optimal culture conditions 654:683 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 51 theme capacity 772:779 arg1 40 mL/250 mL 781:792 initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL 689:792 initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL 689:792 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 51 theme capacity 772:779 arg1 10.33 g/L 604:612 yeast extract 10.33 g/L 590:612 yeast extract 10.33 g/L 590:612 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 3 52 theme D 970:970 arg1 0.77 982:985 0.77 982:985 0.77 982:985 Under these conditions, the yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine and mannitol reached 12.19 g/L, 0.6 g/L, 61.84 mg/L, and 1.38 g/L, respectively, and the D value was 0.77. 28911462 3 52 theme D 970:970 arg1 value 972:976 the D value 966:976 the D value 966:976 Under these conditions, the yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine and mannitol reached 12.19 g/L, 0.6 g/L, 61.84 mg/L, and 1.38 g/L, respectively, and the D value was 0.77. 28911462 1 53 theme composition 138:148 arg1 influence 118:126 The influence 114:126 The influence of medium composition and cultural conditions on simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 114:294 The influence of medium composition and cultural conditions on simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 was investigated with desirability functions in this study. 28911462 1 54 from influence 118:126 arg1 yield 190:194 simultaneous yield 177:194 simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 177:294 The influence of medium composition and cultural conditions on simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 was investigated with desirability functions in this study. 28911462 2 55 theme r/minute 728:735 arg1 5.60 g/L 641:648 KH2PO4 5.60 g/L 634:648 KH2PO4 5.60 g/L 634:648 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 55 theme r/minute 728:735 arg1 27.24 g/L 623:631 sucrose 27.24 g/L 615:631 sucrose 27.24 g/L 615:631 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 55 theme r/minute 728:735 arg1 conditions 674:683 the optimal culture conditions 654:683 the optimal culture conditions 654:683 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 55 theme r/minute 728:735 arg1 40 mL/250 mL 781:792 initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL 689:792 initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL 689:792 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 55 theme r/minute 728:735 arg1 10.33 g/L 604:612 yeast extract 10.33 g/L 590:612 yeast extract 10.33 g/L 590:612 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 4 56 theme dose-dependent 1098:1111 arg1 manner 1113:1118 a dose-dependent manner 1096:1118 a dose-dependent manner 1096:1118 Furthermore, the polysaccharides showed significant antitumor activities against HeLa and HepG2 in vitro in a dose-dependent manner in 72 hours. 28911462 3 57 theme polysaccharide 855:868 arg1 yield 823:827 the yield 819:827 the yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine and mannitol 819:892 Under these conditions, the yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine and mannitol reached 12.19 g/L, 0.6 g/L, 61.84 mg/L, and 1.38 g/L, respectively, and the D value was 0.77. 28911462 0 58 theme activities 74:83 arg1 process 29:35 fermentation process 16:35 fermentation process of Cordyceps militaris and antitumor activities of polysaccharides in vitro 16:111 Optimization of fermentation process of Cordyceps militaris and antitumor activities of polysaccharides in vitro. 28911462 2 59 theme optimization 359:370 arg1 strategy 372:379 An optimization strategy 356:379 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) 356:473 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 2 60 dep together 426:433 arg1 with 435:438 with 435:438 with 435:438 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 1 61 theme cultural 154:161 arg1 conditions 163:172 cultural conditions 154:172 cultural conditions 154:172 The influence of medium composition and cultural conditions on simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 was investigated with desirability functions in this study. 28911462 2 62 theme medium 765:770 arg1 capacity 772:779 medium capacity 765:779 medium capacity 765:779 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 1 63 theme mannitol 253:260 arg1 yield 190:194 simultaneous yield 177:194 simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 177:294 The influence of medium composition and cultural conditions on simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 was investigated with desirability functions in this study. 28911462 0 64 theme antitumor 64:72 arg1 activities 74:83 antitumor activities 64:83 antitumor activities of polysaccharides in vitro 64:111 Optimization of fermentation process of Cordyceps militaris and antitumor activities of polysaccharides in vitro. 28911462 2 65 theme speed 718:722 arg1 r/minute 728:735 rotation speed 150 r/minute 709:735 rotation speed 150 r/minute 709:735 An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. 28911462 1 66 theme conditions 163:172 arg1 influence 118:126 The influence 114:126 The influence of medium composition and cultural conditions on simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 114:294 The influence of medium composition and cultural conditions on simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 was investigated with desirability functions in this study. 28589644 0 0 theme aortic 88:93 arg1 cells 113:117 aortic valve endothelial cells 88:117 aortic valve endothelial cells 88:117 Endothelial to mesenchymal transformation is induced by altered extracellular matrix in aortic valve endothelial cells. 28589644 4 1 theme calcified 845:853 arg1 nodules 855:861 calcified nodules 845:861 calcified nodules 845:861 In diseased aortic valves, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are present in the collagen-rich valve fibrosa, and are deposited near calcified nodules. 28589644 6 2 theme most 1228:1231 arg1 I 1242:1242 the most collagen I and GAG production 1224:1261 I 1242:1242 High levels of CS induced the highest rate of EndMT and led to the most collagen I and GAG production by mesenchymally transformed cells, which indicates a cell phenotype most likely to promote fibrotic disease. 28589644 10 3 dep Res 1819:1821 arg1 A 1828:1828 Part A 1823:1828 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2729-2741, 2017. 1804:1852 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2729-2741, 2017. 28589644 10 3 dep Res 1819:1821 arg1 105A 1831:1834 105A 1831:1834 105A 1831:1834 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2729-2741, 2017. 28589644 5 4 theme 3D 1043:1044 arg1 hydrogels 1055:1063 3D collagen hydrogels 1043:1063 3D collagen hydrogels with or without exposure to TGF-β1 to simulate EndMT in response to microenvironmental changes 1043:1158 In this study, in vitro models of early and late-stage valve disease were developed by incorporating the GAGs chondroitin sulfate (CS), hyaluronic acid, and dermatan sulfate into 3D collagen hydrogels with or without exposure to TGF-β1 to simulate EndMT in response to microenvironmental changes. 28589644 2 5 dep mechanics 560:568 arg1 response 541:548 response 541:548 response 541:548 This change in endothelial phenotype has only recently been linked to adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease; and its function in adult physiology, especially in response to tissue mechanics, has not been rigorously investigated. 28589644 8 6 from role 1701:1704 arg1 regeneration 1737:1748 tissue regeneration 1730:1748 tissue regeneration 1730:1748 Determining the environmental conditions that induce and promote EndMT, and the subsequent behavior of mesenchymally transformed cells, will advance understanding on the role of endothelial cells in tissue regeneration or disease progression. 28589644 8 6 from role 1701:1704 arg1 progression 1761:1771 disease progression 1753:1771 disease progression 1753:1771 Determining the environmental conditions that induce and promote EndMT, and the subsequent behavior of mesenchymally transformed cells, will advance understanding on the role of endothelial cells in tissue regeneration or disease progression. 28589644 6 7 theme fibrotic 1355:1362 arg1 disease 1364:1370 fibrotic disease 1355:1370 fibrotic disease 1355:1370 High levels of CS induced the highest rate of EndMT and led to the most collagen I and GAG production by mesenchymally transformed cells, which indicates a cell phenotype most likely to promote fibrotic disease. 28589644 0 8 theme endothelial 101:111 arg1 cells 113:117 aortic valve endothelial cells 88:117 aortic valve endothelial cells 88:117 Endothelial to mesenchymal transformation is induced by altered extracellular matrix in aortic valve endothelial cells. 28589644 1 9 dep mesenchymal 286:296 arg1 to 283:284 to 283:284 to 283:284 Alterations in shear stress, mechanical deformation, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and exposure to inflammatory conditions are known to cause endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (EndMT). 28589644 2 10 from change 327:332 arg1 phenotype 349:357 endothelial phenotype 337:357 endothelial phenotype 337:357 This change in endothelial phenotype has only recently been linked to adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease; and its function in adult physiology, especially in response to tissue mechanics, has not been rigorously investigated. 28589644 5 11 theme disease 925:931 arg1 models 888:893 in vitro models 879:893 in vitro models of early and late-stage valve disease 879:931 In this study, in vitro models of early and late-stage valve disease were developed by incorporating the GAGs chondroitin sulfate (CS), hyaluronic acid, and dermatan sulfate into 3D collagen hydrogels with or without exposure to TGF-β1 to simulate EndMT in response to microenvironmental changes. 28589644 5 12 theme valve 919:923 arg1 disease 925:931 late-stage valve disease 908:931 late-stage valve disease 908:931 In this study, in vitro models of early and late-stage valve disease were developed by incorporating the GAGs chondroitin sulfate (CS), hyaluronic acid, and dermatan sulfate into 3D collagen hydrogels with or without exposure to TGF-β1 to simulate EndMT in response to microenvironmental changes. 28589644 4 13 attach present 778:784 arg2 GAGs 768:771 GAGs 768:771 GAGs 768:771 In diseased aortic valves, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are present in the collagen-rich valve fibrosa, and are deposited near calcified nodules. 28589644 4 13 attach present 778:784 arg2 glycosaminoglycans 748:765 glycosaminoglycans 748:765 glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 748:772 In diseased aortic valves, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are present in the collagen-rich valve fibrosa, and are deposited near calcified nodules. 28589644 4 13 attach present 778:784 arg1 valves 740:745 diseased aortic valves 724:745 diseased aortic valves 724:745 In diseased aortic valves, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are present in the collagen-rich valve fibrosa, and are deposited near calcified nodules. 28589644 4 13 attach present 778:784 arg1 fibrosa 813:819 the collagen-rich valve fibrosa 789:819 the collagen-rich valve fibrosa 789:819 In diseased aortic valves, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are present in the collagen-rich valve fibrosa, and are deposited near calcified nodules. 28589644 0 14 theme valve 95:99 arg1 cells 113:117 aortic valve endothelial cells 88:117 aortic valve endothelial cells 88:117 Endothelial to mesenchymal transformation is induced by altered extracellular matrix in aortic valve endothelial cells. 28589644 3 15 theme tissues 712:718 arg1 remodeling 687:696 the remodeling 683:696 the remodeling of underlying tissues 683:718 EndMT is a response to mechanical and biochemical signals that results in the remodeling of underlying tissues. 28589644 8 16 theme cells 1721:1725 arg1 role 1701:1704 the role 1697:1704 the role of endothelial cells in tissue regeneration or disease progression 1697:1771 Determining the environmental conditions that induce and promote EndMT, and the subsequent behavior of mesenchymally transformed cells, will advance understanding on the role of endothelial cells in tissue regeneration or disease progression. 28589644 7 17 theme Mesenchymal 1373:1383 arg1 transformation 1385:1398 Mesenchymal transformation 1373:1398 Mesenchymal transformation due to altered ECM 1373:1417 Mesenchymal transformation due to altered ECM was found to depend on cell-ECM bond strength and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 signaling. 28589644 10 18 dep 105A 1831:1834 arg1 2729-2741 1837:1845 2729-2741 1837:1845 2729-2741 1837:1845 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2729-2741, 2017. 28589644 5 19 theme collagen 1046:1053 arg1 hydrogels 1055:1063 3D collagen hydrogels 1043:1063 3D collagen hydrogels with or without exposure to TGF-β1 to simulate EndMT in response to microenvironmental changes 1043:1158 In this study, in vitro models of early and late-stage valve disease were developed by incorporating the GAGs chondroitin sulfate (CS), hyaluronic acid, and dermatan sulfate into 3D collagen hydrogels with or without exposure to TGF-β1 to simulate EndMT in response to microenvironmental changes. 28589644 6 20 theme EndMT 1207:1211 arg1 rate 1199:1202 the highest rate 1187:1202 the highest rate of EndMT 1187:1211 High levels of CS induced the highest rate of EndMT and led to the most collagen I and GAG production by mesenchymally transformed cells, which indicates a cell phenotype most likely to promote fibrotic disease. 28589644 5 21 dep in 879:880 arg1 vitro 882:886 vitro 882:886 vitro 882:886 In this study, in vitro models of early and late-stage valve disease were developed by incorporating the GAGs chondroitin sulfate (CS), hyaluronic acid, and dermatan sulfate into 3D collagen hydrogels with or without exposure to TGF-β1 to simulate EndMT in response to microenvironmental changes. 28589644 1 22 theme extracellular 173:185 arg1 ECM 195:197 ECM 195:197 ECM 195:197 Alterations in shear stress, mechanical deformation, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and exposure to inflammatory conditions are known to cause endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (EndMT). 28589644 1 22 theme extracellular 173:185 arg1 matrix 187:192 extracellular matrix 173:192 extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 173:210 Alterations in shear stress, mechanical deformation, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and exposure to inflammatory conditions are known to cause endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (EndMT). 28589644 6 23 theme transformed 1280:1290 arg1 cells 1292:1296 mesenchymally transformed cells 1266:1296 mesenchymally transformed cells 1266:1296 High levels of CS induced the highest rate of EndMT and led to the most collagen I and GAG production by mesenchymally transformed cells, which indicates a cell phenotype most likely to promote fibrotic disease. 28589644 4 24 from valves 740:745 arg1 present 778:784 present 778:784 present 778:784 In diseased aortic valves, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are present in the collagen-rich valve fibrosa, and are deposited near calcified nodules. 28589644 5 25 theme early 898:902 arg1 models 888:893 in vitro models 879:893 in vitro models of early and late-stage valve disease 879:931 In this study, in vitro models of early and late-stage valve disease were developed by incorporating the GAGs chondroitin sulfate (CS), hyaluronic acid, and dermatan sulfate into 3D collagen hydrogels with or without exposure to TGF-β1 to simulate EndMT in response to microenvironmental changes. 28589644 2 26 theme adult 392:396 arg1 fibrosis 444:451 organ fibrosis 438:451 organ fibrosis 438:451 This change in endothelial phenotype has only recently been linked to adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease; and its function in adult physiology, especially in response to tissue mechanics, has not been rigorously investigated. 28589644 2 26 theme adult 392:396 arg1 disease 480:486 calcific aortic valve disease 458:486 calcific aortic valve disease 458:486 This change in endothelial phenotype has only recently been linked to adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease; and its function in adult physiology, especially in response to tissue mechanics, has not been rigorously investigated. 28589644 2 26 theme adult 392:396 arg1 pathologies 398:408 adult pathologies 392:408 adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease 392:486 This change in endothelial phenotype has only recently been linked to adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease; and its function in adult physiology, especially in response to tissue mechanics, has not been rigorously investigated. 28589644 2 26 theme adult 392:396 arg1 progression 425:435 cancer progression 418:435 cancer progression 418:435 This change in endothelial phenotype has only recently been linked to adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease; and its function in adult physiology, especially in response to tissue mechanics, has not been rigorously investigated. 28589644 7 27 theme protein 1500:1506 arg1 kinases 1508:1514 extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1469:1514 extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1469:1514 Mesenchymal transformation due to altered ECM was found to depend on cell-ECM bond strength and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 signaling. 28589644 3 28 theme underlying 701:710 arg1 tissues 712:718 underlying tissues 701:718 underlying tissues 701:718 EndMT is a response to mechanical and biochemical signals that results in the remodeling of underlying tissues. 28589644 8 29 theme environmental 1547:1559 arg1 conditions 1561:1570 the environmental conditions 1543:1570 the environmental conditions that induce and promote EndMT 1543:1600 Determining the environmental conditions that induce and promote EndMT, and the subsequent behavior of mesenchymally transformed cells, will advance understanding on the role of endothelial cells in tissue regeneration or disease progression. 28589644 4 30 theme diseased 724:731 arg1 valves 740:745 diseased aortic valves 724:745 diseased aortic valves 724:745 In diseased aortic valves, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are present in the collagen-rich valve fibrosa, and are deposited near calcified nodules. 28589644 7 31 theme altered 1407:1413 arg1 ECM 1415:1417 altered ECM 1407:1417 altered ECM 1407:1417 Mesenchymal transformation due to altered ECM was found to depend on cell-ECM bond strength and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 signaling. 28589644 6 32 theme highest 1191:1197 arg1 rate 1199:1202 the highest rate 1187:1202 the highest rate of EndMT 1187:1211 High levels of CS induced the highest rate of EndMT and led to the most collagen I and GAG production by mesenchymally transformed cells, which indicates a cell phenotype most likely to promote fibrotic disease. 28589644 1 33 from Alterations 120:130 arg1 composition 200:210 extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 173:210 extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 173:210 Alterations in shear stress, mechanical deformation, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and exposure to inflammatory conditions are known to cause endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (EndMT). 28589644 1 33 from Alterations 120:130 arg1 stress 141:146 shear stress 135:146 shear stress 135:146 Alterations in shear stress, mechanical deformation, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and exposure to inflammatory conditions are known to cause endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (EndMT). 28589644 1 33 from Alterations 120:130 arg1 deformation 160:170 mechanical deformation 149:170 mechanical deformation 149:170 Alterations in shear stress, mechanical deformation, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and exposure to inflammatory conditions are known to cause endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (EndMT). 28589644 1 33 from Alterations 120:130 arg1 exposure 216:223 exposure 216:223 exposure to inflammatory conditions 216:250 Alterations in shear stress, mechanical deformation, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and exposure to inflammatory conditions are known to cause endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (EndMT). 28589644 5 34 theme dermatan 1021:1028 arg1 sulfate 1030:1036 dermatan sulfate 1021:1036 dermatan sulfate 1021:1036 In this study, in vitro models of early and late-stage valve disease were developed by incorporating the GAGs chondroitin sulfate (CS), hyaluronic acid, and dermatan sulfate into 3D collagen hydrogels with or without exposure to TGF-β1 to simulate EndMT in response to microenvironmental changes. 28589644 2 35 theme organ 438:442 arg1 fibrosis 444:451 organ fibrosis 438:451 organ fibrosis 438:451 This change in endothelial phenotype has only recently been linked to adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease; and its function in adult physiology, especially in response to tissue mechanics, has not been rigorously investigated. 28589644 1 36 theme mesenchymal 286:296 arg1 transformation 298:311 endothelial to mesenchymal transformation 271:311 endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (EndMT) 271:319 Alterations in shear stress, mechanical deformation, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and exposure to inflammatory conditions are known to cause endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (EndMT). 28589644 1 36 theme mesenchymal 286:296 arg1 EndMT 314:318 EndMT 314:318 EndMT 314:318 Alterations in shear stress, mechanical deformation, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and exposure to inflammatory conditions are known to cause endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (EndMT). 28589644 4 37 located present 778:784 arg2 GAGs 768:771 GAGs 768:771 GAGs 768:771 In diseased aortic valves, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are present in the collagen-rich valve fibrosa, and are deposited near calcified nodules. 28589644 4 37 located present 778:784 arg2 glycosaminoglycans 748:765 glycosaminoglycans 748:765 glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 748:772 In diseased aortic valves, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are present in the collagen-rich valve fibrosa, and are deposited near calcified nodules. 28589644 4 37 located present 778:784 arg1 valves 740:745 diseased aortic valves 724:745 diseased aortic valves 724:745 In diseased aortic valves, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are present in the collagen-rich valve fibrosa, and are deposited near calcified nodules. 28589644 4 37 located present 778:784 arg1 fibrosa 813:819 the collagen-rich valve fibrosa 789:819 the collagen-rich valve fibrosa 789:819 In diseased aortic valves, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are present in the collagen-rich valve fibrosa, and are deposited near calcified nodules. 28589644 5 38 theme late-stage 908:917 arg1 disease 925:931 late-stage valve disease 908:931 late-stage valve disease 908:931 In this study, in vitro models of early and late-stage valve disease were developed by incorporating the GAGs chondroitin sulfate (CS), hyaluronic acid, and dermatan sulfate into 3D collagen hydrogels with or without exposure to TGF-β1 to simulate EndMT in response to microenvironmental changes. 28589644 0 39 theme mesenchymal 15:25 arg1 transformation 27:40 mesenchymal transformation 15:40 mesenchymal transformation 15:40 Endothelial to mesenchymal transformation is induced by altered extracellular matrix in aortic valve endothelial cells. 28589644 8 40 theme subsequent 1611:1620 arg1 behavior 1622:1629 the subsequent behavior 1607:1629 the subsequent behavior 1607:1629 Determining the environmental conditions that induce and promote EndMT, and the subsequent behavior of mesenchymally transformed cells, will advance understanding on the role of endothelial cells in tissue regeneration or disease progression. 28589644 7 41 theme extracellular 1469:1481 arg1 kinases 1508:1514 extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1469:1514 extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1469:1514 Mesenchymal transformation due to altered ECM was found to depend on cell-ECM bond strength and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 signaling. 28589644 4 42 theme aortic 733:738 arg1 valves 740:745 diseased aortic valves 724:745 diseased aortic valves 724:745 In diseased aortic valves, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are present in the collagen-rich valve fibrosa, and are deposited near calcified nodules. 28589644 8 43 theme endothelial 1709:1719 arg1 cells 1721:1725 endothelial cells 1709:1725 endothelial cells 1709:1725 Determining the environmental conditions that induce and promote EndMT, and the subsequent behavior of mesenchymally transformed cells, will advance understanding on the role of endothelial cells in tissue regeneration or disease progression. 28589644 2 44 theme cancer 418:423 arg1 progression 425:435 cancer progression 418:435 cancer progression 418:435 This change in endothelial phenotype has only recently been linked to adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease; and its function in adult physiology, especially in response to tissue mechanics, has not been rigorously investigated. 28589644 2 45 theme valve 474:478 arg1 disease 480:486 calcific aortic valve disease 458:486 calcific aortic valve disease 458:486 This change in endothelial phenotype has only recently been linked to adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease; and its function in adult physiology, especially in response to tissue mechanics, has not been rigorously investigated. 28589644 5 46 theme microenvironmental 1133:1150 arg1 changes 1152:1158 microenvironmental changes 1133:1158 microenvironmental changes 1133:1158 In this study, in vitro models of early and late-stage valve disease were developed by incorporating the GAGs chondroitin sulfate (CS), hyaluronic acid, and dermatan sulfate into 3D collagen hydrogels with or without exposure to TGF-β1 to simulate EndMT in response to microenvironmental changes. 28589644 3 47 theme mechanical 632:641 arg1 signals 659:665 mechanical and biochemical signals 632:665 mechanical and biochemical signals 632:665 EndMT is a response to mechanical and biochemical signals that results in the remodeling of underlying tissues. 28589644 4 48 theme collagen-rich 793:805 arg1 fibrosa 813:819 the collagen-rich valve fibrosa 789:819 the collagen-rich valve fibrosa 789:819 In diseased aortic valves, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are present in the collagen-rich valve fibrosa, and are deposited near calcified nodules. 28589644 7 49 theme bond 1451:1454 arg1 strength 1456:1463 cell-ECM bond strength 1442:1463 cell-ECM bond strength 1442:1463 Mesenchymal transformation due to altered ECM was found to depend on cell-ECM bond strength and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 signaling. 28589644 2 50 theme aortic 467:472 arg1 disease 480:486 calcific aortic valve disease 458:486 calcific aortic valve disease 458:486 This change in endothelial phenotype has only recently been linked to adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease; and its function in adult physiology, especially in response to tissue mechanics, has not been rigorously investigated. 28589644 6 51 theme cell 1317:1320 arg1 phenotype 1322:1330 a cell phenotype 1315:1330 a cell phenotype most likely to promote fibrotic disease 1315:1370 High levels of CS induced the highest rate of EndMT and led to the most collagen I and GAG production by mesenchymally transformed cells, which indicates a cell phenotype most likely to promote fibrotic disease. 28589644 6 52 theme GAG 1248:1250 arg1 production 1252:1261 the most collagen I and GAG production 1224:1261 production 1252:1261 High levels of CS induced the highest rate of EndMT and led to the most collagen I and GAG production by mesenchymally transformed cells, which indicates a cell phenotype most likely to promote fibrotic disease. 28589644 10 53 theme Part 1823:1826 arg1 A 1828:1828 Part A 1823:1828 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2729-2741, 2017. 1804:1852 J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2729-2741, 2017. 28589644 4 54 from fibrosa 813:819 arg1 present 778:784 present 778:784 present 778:784 In diseased aortic valves, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are present in the collagen-rich valve fibrosa, and are deposited near calcified nodules. 28589644 2 55 theme calcific 458:465 arg1 disease 480:486 calcific aortic valve disease 458:486 calcific aortic valve disease 458:486 This change in endothelial phenotype has only recently been linked to adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease; and its function in adult physiology, especially in response to tissue mechanics, has not been rigorously investigated. 28589644 0 56 theme extracellular 64:76 arg1 matrix 78:83 altered extracellular matrix 56:83 altered extracellular matrix 56:83 Endothelial to mesenchymal transformation is induced by altered extracellular matrix in aortic valve endothelial cells. 28589644 6 57 theme CS 1176:1177 arg1 levels 1166:1171 High levels 1161:1171 High levels of CS 1161:1177 High levels of CS induced the highest rate of EndMT and led to the most collagen I and GAG production by mesenchymally transformed cells, which indicates a cell phenotype most likely to promote fibrotic disease. 28589644 6 58 theme collagen 1233:1240 arg1 I 1242:1242 the most collagen I and GAG production 1224:1261 I 1242:1242 High levels of CS induced the highest rate of EndMT and led to the most collagen I and GAG production by mesenchymally transformed cells, which indicates a cell phenotype most likely to promote fibrotic disease. 28589644 5 59 theme in 879:880 arg1 models 888:893 in vitro models 879:893 in vitro models of early and late-stage valve disease 879:931 In this study, in vitro models of early and late-stage valve disease were developed by incorporating the GAGs chondroitin sulfate (CS), hyaluronic acid, and dermatan sulfate into 3D collagen hydrogels with or without exposure to TGF-β1 to simulate EndMT in response to microenvironmental changes. 28589644 6 60 theme likely 1337:1342 arg1 phenotype 1322:1330 a cell phenotype 1315:1330 a cell phenotype most likely to promote fibrotic disease 1315:1370 High levels of CS induced the highest rate of EndMT and led to the most collagen I and GAG production by mesenchymally transformed cells, which indicates a cell phenotype most likely to promote fibrotic disease. 28589644 7 61 theme cell-ECM 1442:1449 arg1 strength 1456:1463 cell-ECM bond strength 1442:1463 cell-ECM bond strength 1442:1463 Mesenchymal transformation due to altered ECM was found to depend on cell-ECM bond strength and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 signaling. 28589644 4 62 theme valve 807:811 arg1 fibrosa 813:819 the collagen-rich valve fibrosa 789:819 the collagen-rich valve fibrosa 789:819 In diseased aortic valves, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are present in the collagen-rich valve fibrosa, and are deposited near calcified nodules. 28589644 2 63 theme endothelial 337:347 arg1 phenotype 349:357 endothelial phenotype 337:357 endothelial phenotype 337:357 This change in endothelial phenotype has only recently been linked to adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease; and its function in adult physiology, especially in response to tissue mechanics, has not been rigorously investigated. 28589644 7 64 theme signal-regulated 1483:1498 arg1 kinases 1508:1514 extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1469:1514 extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1469:1514 Mesenchymal transformation due to altered ECM was found to depend on cell-ECM bond strength and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 signaling. 28589644 2 65 theme tissue 553:558 arg1 mechanics 560:568 tissue mechanics 553:568 tissue mechanics 553:568 This change in endothelial phenotype has only recently been linked to adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease; and its function in adult physiology, especially in response to tissue mechanics, has not been rigorously investigated. 28589644 2 66 from function 497:504 arg1 physiology 515:524 adult physiology 509:524 adult physiology 509:524 This change in endothelial phenotype has only recently been linked to adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease; and its function in adult physiology, especially in response to tissue mechanics, has not been rigorously investigated. 28589644 8 67 theme tissue 1730:1735 arg1 regeneration 1737:1748 tissue regeneration 1730:1748 tissue regeneration 1730:1748 Determining the environmental conditions that induce and promote EndMT, and the subsequent behavior of mesenchymally transformed cells, will advance understanding on the role of endothelial cells in tissue regeneration or disease progression. 28589644 1 68 theme shear 135:139 arg1 stress 141:146 shear stress 135:146 shear stress 135:146 Alterations in shear stress, mechanical deformation, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and exposure to inflammatory conditions are known to cause endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (EndMT). 28589644 7 69 dep strength 1456:1463 arg1 signaling 1520:1528 1/2 signaling 1516:1528 1/2 signaling 1516:1528 Mesenchymal transformation due to altered ECM was found to depend on cell-ECM bond strength and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 signaling. 28589644 5 70 theme hyaluronic 1000:1009 arg1 acid 1011:1014 hyaluronic acid 1000:1014 hyaluronic acid 1000:1014 In this study, in vitro models of early and late-stage valve disease were developed by incorporating the GAGs chondroitin sulfate (CS), hyaluronic acid, and dermatan sulfate into 3D collagen hydrogels with or without exposure to TGF-β1 to simulate EndMT in response to microenvironmental changes. 28589644 2 71 attach linked 382:387 arg1 fibrosis 444:451 organ fibrosis 438:451 organ fibrosis 438:451 This change in endothelial phenotype has only recently been linked to adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease; and its function in adult physiology, especially in response to tissue mechanics, has not been rigorously investigated. 28589644 2 71 attach linked 382:387 arg2 change 327:332 This change 322:332 This change in endothelial phenotype 322:357 This change in endothelial phenotype has only recently been linked to adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease; and its function in adult physiology, especially in response to tissue mechanics, has not been rigorously investigated. 28589644 2 71 attach linked 382:387 arg1 disease 480:486 calcific aortic valve disease 458:486 calcific aortic valve disease 458:486 This change in endothelial phenotype has only recently been linked to adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease; and its function in adult physiology, especially in response to tissue mechanics, has not been rigorously investigated. 28589644 2 71 attach linked 382:387 arg1 pathologies 398:408 adult pathologies 392:408 adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease 392:486 This change in endothelial phenotype has only recently been linked to adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease; and its function in adult physiology, especially in response to tissue mechanics, has not been rigorously investigated. 28589644 2 71 attach linked 382:387 arg1 progression 425:435 cancer progression 418:435 cancer progression 418:435 This change in endothelial phenotype has only recently been linked to adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease; and its function in adult physiology, especially in response to tissue mechanics, has not been rigorously investigated. 28589644 6 72 theme High 1161:1164 arg1 levels 1166:1171 High levels 1161:1171 High levels of CS 1161:1177 High levels of CS induced the highest rate of EndMT and led to the most collagen I and GAG production by mesenchymally transformed cells, which indicates a cell phenotype most likely to promote fibrotic disease. 28589644 8 73 theme disease 1753:1759 arg1 progression 1761:1771 disease progression 1753:1771 disease progression 1753:1771 Determining the environmental conditions that induce and promote EndMT, and the subsequent behavior of mesenchymally transformed cells, will advance understanding on the role of endothelial cells in tissue regeneration or disease progression. 28589644 1 74 theme inflammatory 228:239 arg1 conditions 241:250 inflammatory conditions 228:250 inflammatory conditions 228:250 Alterations in shear stress, mechanical deformation, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and exposure to inflammatory conditions are known to cause endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (EndMT). 28589644 3 75 theme biochemical 647:657 arg1 signals 659:665 mechanical and biochemical signals 632:665 mechanical and biochemical signals 632:665 EndMT is a response to mechanical and biochemical signals that results in the remodeling of underlying tissues. 28589644 5 76 theme GAGs 969:972 arg1 CS 995:996 CS 995:996 CS 995:996 In this study, in vitro models of early and late-stage valve disease were developed by incorporating the GAGs chondroitin sulfate (CS), hyaluronic acid, and dermatan sulfate into 3D collagen hydrogels with or without exposure to TGF-β1 to simulate EndMT in response to microenvironmental changes. 28589644 5 76 theme GAGs 969:972 arg1 sulfate 986:992 the GAGs chondroitin sulfate 965:992 the GAGs chondroitin sulfate (CS) 965:997 In this study, in vitro models of early and late-stage valve disease were developed by incorporating the GAGs chondroitin sulfate (CS), hyaluronic acid, and dermatan sulfate into 3D collagen hydrogels with or without exposure to TGF-β1 to simulate EndMT in response to microenvironmental changes. 28589644 4 77 from present 778:784 arg1 valves 740:745 diseased aortic valves 724:745 diseased aortic valves 724:745 In diseased aortic valves, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are present in the collagen-rich valve fibrosa, and are deposited near calcified nodules. 28589644 4 77 from present 778:784 arg1 fibrosa 813:819 the collagen-rich valve fibrosa 789:819 the collagen-rich valve fibrosa 789:819 In diseased aortic valves, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are present in the collagen-rich valve fibrosa, and are deposited near calcified nodules. 28589644 1 78 theme matrix 187:192 arg1 composition 200:210 extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 173:210 extracellular matrix (ECM) composition 173:210 Alterations in shear stress, mechanical deformation, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and exposure to inflammatory conditions are known to cause endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (EndMT). 28589644 8 79 theme cells 1660:1664 arg1 behavior 1622:1629 the subsequent behavior 1607:1629 the subsequent behavior 1607:1629 Determining the environmental conditions that induce and promote EndMT, and the subsequent behavior of mesenchymally transformed cells, will advance understanding on the role of endothelial cells in tissue regeneration or disease progression. 28589644 0 80 theme altered 56:62 arg1 matrix 78:83 altered extracellular matrix 56:83 altered extracellular matrix 56:83 Endothelial to mesenchymal transformation is induced by altered extracellular matrix in aortic valve endothelial cells. 28589644 5 81 theme chondroitin 974:984 arg1 CS 995:996 CS 995:996 CS 995:996 In this study, in vitro models of early and late-stage valve disease were developed by incorporating the GAGs chondroitin sulfate (CS), hyaluronic acid, and dermatan sulfate into 3D collagen hydrogels with or without exposure to TGF-β1 to simulate EndMT in response to microenvironmental changes. 28589644 5 81 theme chondroitin 974:984 arg1 sulfate 986:992 the GAGs chondroitin sulfate 965:992 the GAGs chondroitin sulfate (CS) 965:997 In this study, in vitro models of early and late-stage valve disease were developed by incorporating the GAGs chondroitin sulfate (CS), hyaluronic acid, and dermatan sulfate into 3D collagen hydrogels with or without exposure to TGF-β1 to simulate EndMT in response to microenvironmental changes. 28589644 1 82 theme mechanical 149:158 arg1 deformation 160:170 mechanical deformation 149:170 mechanical deformation 149:170 Alterations in shear stress, mechanical deformation, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and exposure to inflammatory conditions are known to cause endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (EndMT). 28589644 8 83 theme transformed 1648:1658 arg1 cells 1660:1664 mesenchymally transformed cells 1634:1664 mesenchymally transformed cells 1634:1664 Determining the environmental conditions that induce and promote EndMT, and the subsequent behavior of mesenchymally transformed cells, will advance understanding on the role of endothelial cells in tissue regeneration or disease progression. 28589644 2 84 theme adult 509:513 arg1 physiology 515:524 adult physiology 509:524 adult physiology 509:524 This change in endothelial phenotype has only recently been linked to adult pathologies such as cancer progression, organ fibrosis, and calcific aortic valve disease; and its function in adult physiology, especially in response to tissue mechanics, has not been rigorously investigated. 26882893 12 0 theme G+C 1197:1199 arg1 % 1235:1235 71.3 mol% 1227:1235 71.3 mol% 1227:1235 The DNA G+C content of strain T3T was 71.3 mol%. 26882893 12 0 theme G+C 1197:1199 arg1 content 1201:1207 The DNA G+C content 1189:1207 The DNA G+C content of strain T3T 1189:1221 The DNA G+C content of strain T3T was 71.3 mol%. 26882893 14 1 theme phyletic 1438:1445 arg1 line 1447:1450 a distinct phyletic line 1427:1450 a distinct phyletic line 1427:1450 In the 16S rRNA gene tree of Saccharopolyspora it formed a distinct phyletic line and was related most closely to Saccharopolyspora thermophila 216T. 26882893 9 2 theme acid 852:855 arg1 profile 857:863 The cellular fatty acid profile 833:863 The cellular fatty acid profile 833:863 The cellular fatty acid profile consisted mainly of anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26882893 15 3 theme strain 1563:1568 arg1 T3T 1570:1572 strain T3T 1563:1572 strain T3T 1563:1572 However, the phenotypic characteristics of strain T3T were significantly different from those of S. thermophila 216T and DNA-DNA hybridization revealed a low level of relatedness (28.6-32.3 %) between them. 26882893 15 4 theme low 1674:1676 arg1 level 1678:1682 a low level 1672:1682 a low level of relatedness (28.6-32.3 %) between them 1672:1724 However, the phenotypic characteristics of strain T3T were significantly different from those of S. thermophila 216T and DNA-DNA hybridization revealed a low level of relatedness (28.6-32.3 %) between them. 26882893 15 5 from those 1608:1612 arg1 characteristics 1544:1558 the phenotypic characteristics 1529:1558 the phenotypic characteristics of strain T3T 1529:1572 However, the phenotypic characteristics of strain T3T were significantly different from those of S. thermophila 216T and DNA-DNA hybridization revealed a low level of relatedness (28.6-32.3 %) between them. 26882893 15 5 from those 1608:1612 arg1 different 1593:1601 different 1593:1601 different 1593:1601 However, the phenotypic characteristics of strain T3T were significantly different from those of S. thermophila 216T and DNA-DNA hybridization revealed a low level of relatedness (28.6-32.3 %) between them. 26882893 13 6 theme Saccharopolyspora 1351:1367 arg1 members 1330:1336 members 1330:1336 members of the genus Saccharopolyspora 1330:1367 The organism showed a combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Saccharopolyspora. 26882893 15 7 theme DNA-DNA 1641:1647 arg1 hybridization 1649:1661 DNA-DNA hybridization 1641:1661 DNA-DNA hybridization 1641:1661 However, the phenotypic characteristics of strain T3T were significantly different from those of S. thermophila 216T and DNA-DNA hybridization revealed a low level of relatedness (28.6-32.3 %) between them. 26882893 7 8 theme cell-wall 740:748 arg1 peptidoglycan 750:762 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 736:762 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 736:762 The organism contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26882893 14 9 theme gene 1386:1389 arg1 tree 1391:1394 the 16S rRNA gene tree 1373:1394 the 16S rRNA gene tree of Saccharopolyspora 1373:1415 In the 16S rRNA gene tree of Saccharopolyspora it formed a distinct phyletic line and was related most closely to Saccharopolyspora thermophila 216T. 26882893 14 10 theme 16S 1377:1379 arg1 tree 1391:1394 the 16S rRNA gene tree 1373:1394 the 16S rRNA gene tree of Saccharopolyspora 1373:1415 In the 16S rRNA gene tree of Saccharopolyspora it formed a distinct phyletic line and was related most closely to Saccharopolyspora thermophila 216T. 26882893 13 11 theme members 1330:1336 arg1 typical 1319:1325 typical 1319:1325 typical 1319:1325 The organism showed a combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Saccharopolyspora. 26882893 16 12 theme Saccharopolyspora 1863:1879 arg1 sp 1892:1893 the name Saccharopolyspora subtropica sp 1854:1893 the name Saccharopolyspora subtropica sp 1854:1893 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain T3T represents a novel species in the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora subtropica sp. 26882893 4 13 theme aerial 353:358 arg1 white 373:377 white 373:377 white 373:377 The aerial mycelium was white and the vegetative mycelium was colourless to pale yellow. 26882893 4 13 theme aerial 353:358 arg1 mycelium 360:367 The aerial mycelium 349:367 The aerial mycelium 349:367 The aerial mycelium was white and the vegetative mycelium was colourless to pale yellow. 26882893 1 14 dep actinomycete 54:65 arg1 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov., a thermophilic actinomycete isolated from soil of a sugar cane field. 26882893 13 15 theme chemotaxonomic 1293:1306 arg1 properties 1308:1317 morphological and chemotaxonomic properties 1275:1317 morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Saccharopolyspora 1275:1367 The organism showed a combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Saccharopolyspora. 26882893 10 16 theme quinone 935:941 arg1 system 943:948 The quinone system 931:948 The quinone system 931:948 The quinone system was composed predominantly of MK-9(H4). 26882893 6 17 theme flexuous 549:556 arg1 chains 558:563 flexuous chains 549:563 flexuous chains of 5-20 spores per chain 549:588 The aerial mycelium formed flexuous chains of 5-20 spores per chain; the oval-shaped spores had spiny surfaces and were non-motile. 26882893 13 18 theme typical 1319:1325 arg1 properties 1308:1317 morphological and chemotaxonomic properties 1275:1317 morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Saccharopolyspora 1275:1367 The organism showed a combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Saccharopolyspora. 26882893 2 19 theme cane 210:213 arg1 field 215:219 a sugar cane field 202:219 a sugar cane field 202:219 A novel thermophilic actinomycete, designated strain T3T, was isolated from a soil sample of a sugar cane field. 26882893 18 20 theme 46801T = CGMCC 1945:1958 arg1 T3T 1933:1935 T3T 1933:1935 T3T ( = DSM 46801T = CGMCC 4.7206T) 1933:1967 The type strain is T3T ( = DSM 46801T = CGMCC 4.7206T). 26882893 18 20 theme 46801T = CGMCC 1945:1958 arg1 4.7206T 1960:1966  = DSM 46801T = CGMCC 4.7206T 1938:1966  = DSM 46801T = CGMCC 4.7206T 1938:1966 The type strain is T3T ( = DSM 46801T = CGMCC 4.7206T). 26882893 4 21 theme vegetative 387:396 arg1 mycelium 398:405 the vegetative mycelium 383:405 the vegetative mycelium 383:405 The aerial mycelium was white and the vegetative mycelium was colourless to pale yellow. 26882893 4 21 theme vegetative 387:396 arg1 colourless 411:420 colourless 411:420 colourless 411:420 The aerial mycelium was white and the vegetative mycelium was colourless to pale yellow. 26882893 13 22 theme morphological 1275:1287 arg1 properties 1308:1317 morphological and chemotaxonomic properties 1275:1317 morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Saccharopolyspora 1275:1367 The organism showed a combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Saccharopolyspora. 26882893 18 23 theme type 1918:1921 arg1 T3T 1933:1935 T3T 1933:1935 T3T ( = DSM 46801T = CGMCC 4.7206T) 1933:1967 The type strain is T3T ( = DSM 46801T = CGMCC 4.7206T). 26882893 18 23 theme type 1918:1921 arg1 strain 1923:1928 The type strain 1914:1928 The type strain 1914:1928 The type strain is T3T ( = DSM 46801T = CGMCC 4.7206T). 26882893 3 24 theme % 319:319 arg1 % 345:345 optimum 0-7 % 333:345 optimum 0-7 % 333:345 The strain grew at 25-60 °C (optimum 37-50 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum 7.0-9.0) and with 0-12.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0-7 %). 26882893 3 24 theme % 319:319 arg1 NaCl 327:330 0-12.0 % (w/v) NaCl 312:330 0-12.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0-7 %) 312:346 The strain grew at 25-60 °C (optimum 37-50 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum 7.0-9.0) and with 0-12.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0-7 %). 26882893 7 25 theme diagnostic 709:718 arg1 acid 697:700 meso-diaminopimelic acid 677:700 meso-diaminopimelic acid 677:700 The organism contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26882893 7 25 theme diagnostic 709:718 arg1 acid 728:731 the diagnostic diamino acid 705:731 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 705:762 The organism contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26882893 14 26 theme Saccharopolyspora 1484:1500 arg1 216T 1514:1517 Saccharopolyspora thermophila 216T 1484:1517 Saccharopolyspora thermophila 216T 1484:1517 In the 16S rRNA gene tree of Saccharopolyspora it formed a distinct phyletic line and was related most closely to Saccharopolyspora thermophila 216T. 26882893 3 27 theme optimum 333:339 arg1 % 345:345 optimum 0-7 % 333:345 optimum 0-7 % 333:345 The strain grew at 25-60 °C (optimum 37-50 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum 7.0-9.0) and with 0-12.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0-7 %). 26882893 3 27 theme optimum 333:339 arg1 NaCl 327:330 0-12.0 % (w/v) NaCl 312:330 0-12.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0-7 %) 312:346 The strain grew at 25-60 °C (optimum 37-50 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum 7.0-9.0) and with 0-12.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0-7 %). 26882893 0 28 theme Saccharopolyspora 0:16 arg1 sp 29:30 Saccharopolyspora subtropica sp 0:30 Saccharopolyspora subtropica sp. 0:31 Saccharopolyspora subtropica sp. 26882893 7 29 theme diamino 720:726 arg1 acid 697:700 meso-diaminopimelic acid 677:700 meso-diaminopimelic acid 677:700 The organism contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26882893 7 29 theme diamino 720:726 arg1 acid 728:731 the diagnostic diamino acid 705:731 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 705:762 The organism contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26882893 1 30 theme cane 97:100 arg1 field 102:106 a sugar cane field 89:106 a sugar cane field 89:106 nov., a thermophilic actinomycete isolated from soil of a sugar cane field. 26882893 6 31 theme spores 573:578 arg1 chains 558:563 flexuous chains 549:563 flexuous chains of 5-20 spores per chain 549:588 The aerial mycelium formed flexuous chains of 5-20 spores per chain; the oval-shaped spores had spiny surfaces and were non-motile. 26882893 3 32 theme w/v 322:324 arg1 % 345:345 optimum 0-7 % 333:345 optimum 0-7 % 333:345 The strain grew at 25-60 °C (optimum 37-50 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum 7.0-9.0) and with 0-12.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0-7 %). 26882893 3 32 theme w/v 322:324 arg1 NaCl 327:330 0-12.0 % (w/v) NaCl 312:330 0-12.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0-7 %) 312:346 The strain grew at 25-60 °C (optimum 37-50 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum 7.0-9.0) and with 0-12.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0-7 %). 26882893 2 33 theme strain 155:160 arg1 T3T 162:164 strain T3T 155:164 strain T3T 155:164 A novel thermophilic actinomycete, designated strain T3T, was isolated from a soil sample of a sugar cane field. 26882893 16 34 theme strain 1774:1779 arg1 T3T 1781:1783 strain T3T 1774:1783 strain T3T 1774:1783 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain T3T represents a novel species in the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora subtropica sp. 26882893 15 35 theme thermophila 1620:1630 arg1 216T 1632:1635 S. thermophila 216T 1617:1635 S. thermophila 216T 1617:1635 However, the phenotypic characteristics of strain T3T were significantly different from those of S. thermophila 216T and DNA-DNA hybridization revealed a low level of relatedness (28.6-32.3 %) between them. 26882893 12 36 theme strain 1212:1217 arg1 T3T 1219:1221 strain T3T 1212:1221 strain T3T 1212:1221 The DNA G+C content of strain T3T was 71.3 mol%. 26882893 1 37 theme thermophilic 41:52 arg1 actinomycete 54:65 a thermophilic actinomycete 39:65 a thermophilic actinomycete isolated from soil of a sugar cane field 39:106 nov., a thermophilic actinomycete isolated from soil of a sugar cane field. 26882893 9 38 theme fatty 846:850 arg1 profile 857:863 The cellular fatty acid profile 833:863 The cellular fatty acid profile 833:863 The cellular fatty acid profile consisted mainly of anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26882893 6 39 theme spiny 618:622 arg1 surfaces 624:631 spiny surfaces 618:631 spiny surfaces 618:631 The aerial mycelium formed flexuous chains of 5-20 spores per chain; the oval-shaped spores had spiny surfaces and were non-motile. 26882893 12 40 theme DNA 1193:1195 arg1 % 1235:1235 71.3 mol% 1227:1235 71.3 mol% 1227:1235 The DNA G+C content of strain T3T was 71.3 mol%. 26882893 12 40 theme DNA 1193:1195 arg1 content 1201:1207 The DNA G+C content 1189:1207 The DNA G+C content of strain T3T 1189:1221 The DNA G+C content of strain T3T was 71.3 mol%. 26882893 14 41 theme distinct 1429:1436 arg1 line 1447:1450 a distinct phyletic line 1427:1450 a distinct phyletic line 1427:1450 In the 16S rRNA gene tree of Saccharopolyspora it formed a distinct phyletic line and was related most closely to Saccharopolyspora thermophila 216T. 26882893 15 42 theme T3T 1570:1572 arg1 characteristics 1544:1558 the phenotypic characteristics 1529:1558 the phenotypic characteristics of strain T3T 1529:1572 However, the phenotypic characteristics of strain T3T were significantly different from those of S. thermophila 216T and DNA-DNA hybridization revealed a low level of relatedness (28.6-32.3 %) between them. 26882893 15 42 theme T3T 1570:1572 arg1 different 1593:1601 different 1593:1601 different 1593:1601 However, the phenotypic characteristics of strain T3T were significantly different from those of S. thermophila 216T and DNA-DNA hybridization revealed a low level of relatedness (28.6-32.3 %) between them. 26882893 15 43 theme relatedness 1687:1697 arg1 level 1678:1682 a low level 1672:1682 a low level of relatedness (28.6-32.3 %) between them 1672:1724 However, the phenotypic characteristics of strain T3T were significantly different from those of S. thermophila 216T and DNA-DNA hybridization revealed a low level of relatedness (28.6-32.3 %) between them. 26882893 6 44 contain had 614:616 arg1 spores 607:612 the oval-shaped spores 591:612 the oval-shaped spores 591:612 The aerial mycelium formed flexuous chains of 5-20 spores per chain; the oval-shaped spores had spiny surfaces and were non-motile. 26882893 6 44 contain had 614:616 arg2 surfaces 624:631 spiny surfaces 618:631 spiny surfaces 618:631 The aerial mycelium formed flexuous chains of 5-20 spores per chain; the oval-shaped spores had spiny surfaces and were non-motile. 26882893 7 45 contain contained 667:675 arg2 acid 728:731 the diagnostic diamino acid 705:731 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 705:762 The organism contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26882893 7 45 contain contained 667:675 arg2 acid 697:700 meso-diaminopimelic acid 677:700 meso-diaminopimelic acid 677:700 The organism contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26882893 7 45 contain contained 667:675 arg1 organism 658:665 The organism 654:665 The organism 654:665 The organism contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26882893 14 46 theme Saccharopolyspora 1399:1415 arg1 tree 1391:1394 the 16S rRNA gene tree 1373:1394 the 16S rRNA gene tree of Saccharopolyspora 1373:1415 In the 16S rRNA gene tree of Saccharopolyspora it formed a distinct phyletic line and was related most closely to Saccharopolyspora thermophila 216T. 26882893 15 47 theme phenotypic 1533:1542 arg1 characteristics 1544:1558 the phenotypic characteristics 1529:1558 the phenotypic characteristics of strain T3T 1529:1572 However, the phenotypic characteristics of strain T3T were significantly different from those of S. thermophila 216T and DNA-DNA hybridization revealed a low level of relatedness (28.6-32.3 %) between them. 26882893 15 47 theme phenotypic 1533:1542 arg1 different 1593:1601 different 1593:1601 different 1593:1601 However, the phenotypic characteristics of strain T3T were significantly different from those of S. thermophila 216T and DNA-DNA hybridization revealed a low level of relatedness (28.6-32.3 %) between them. 26882893 1 48 attach isolated 67:74 arg2 actinomycete 54:65 a thermophilic actinomycete 39:65 a thermophilic actinomycete isolated from soil of a sugar cane field 39:106 nov., a thermophilic actinomycete isolated from soil of a sugar cane field. 26882893 1 48 attach isolated 67:74 arg1 soil 81:84 soil 81:84 soil of a sugar cane field 81:106 nov., a thermophilic actinomycete isolated from soil of a sugar cane field. 26882893 7 49 from acid 728:731 arg1 peptidoglycan 750:762 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 736:762 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 736:762 The organism contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26882893 16 50 from species 1804:1810 arg1 Saccharopolyspora 1825:1841 the genus Saccharopolyspora 1815:1841 the genus Saccharopolyspora 1815:1841 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain T3T represents a novel species in the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora subtropica sp. 26882893 16 51 theme name 1858:1861 arg1 sp 1892:1893 the name Saccharopolyspora subtropica sp 1854:1893 the name Saccharopolyspora subtropica sp 1854:1893 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain T3T represents a novel species in the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora subtropica sp. 26882893 14 52 theme rRNA 1381:1384 arg1 tree 1391:1394 the 16S rRNA gene tree 1373:1394 the 16S rRNA gene tree of Saccharopolyspora 1373:1415 In the 16S rRNA gene tree of Saccharopolyspora it formed a distinct phyletic line and was related most closely to Saccharopolyspora thermophila 216T. 26882893 2 53 theme sugar 204:208 arg1 field 215:219 a sugar cane field 202:219 a sugar cane field 202:219 A novel thermophilic actinomycete, designated strain T3T, was isolated from a soil sample of a sugar cane field. 26882893 16 54 theme subtropica 1881:1890 arg1 sp 1892:1893 the name Saccharopolyspora subtropica sp 1854:1893 the name Saccharopolyspora subtropica sp 1854:1893 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain T3T represents a novel species in the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora subtropica sp. 26882893 5 55 theme substrate 442:450 arg1 mycelium 452:459 The substrate mycelium 438:459 The substrate mycelium 438:459 The substrate mycelium fragmented into rod-shaped elements after 4-5 days at 50 °C. 26882893 1 56 theme field 102:106 arg1 soil 81:84 soil 81:84 soil of a sugar cane field 81:106 nov., a thermophilic actinomycete isolated from soil of a sugar cane field. 26882893 13 57 theme genus 1345:1349 arg1 Saccharopolyspora 1351:1367 the genus Saccharopolyspora 1341:1367 the genus Saccharopolyspora 1341:1367 The organism showed a combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Saccharopolyspora. 26882893 16 58 theme novel 1798:1802 arg1 species 1804:1810 a novel species 1796:1810 a novel species 1796:1810 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain T3T represents a novel species in the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora subtropica sp. 26882893 3 59 theme optimum 251:257 arg1 25-60 °C 241:248 25-60 °C 241:248 25-60 °C (optimum 37-50 °C) 241:267 The strain grew at 25-60 °C (optimum 37-50 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum 7.0-9.0) and with 0-12.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0-7 %). 26882893 3 59 theme optimum 251:257 arg1 37-50 °C 259:266 optimum 37-50 °C 251:266 optimum 37-50 °C 251:266 The strain grew at 25-60 °C (optimum 37-50 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum 7.0-9.0) and with 0-12.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0-7 %). 26882893 13 60 theme properties 1308:1317 arg1 combination 1260:1270 a combination 1258:1270 a combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Saccharopolyspora 1258:1367 The organism showed a combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Saccharopolyspora. 26882893 2 61 theme field 215:219 arg1 sample 192:197 a soil sample 185:197 a soil sample of a sugar cane field 185:219 A novel thermophilic actinomycete, designated strain T3T, was isolated from a soil sample of a sugar cane field. 26882893 5 62 from 50 °C 515:519 arg1 4-5 days 503:510 4-5 days 503:510 4-5 days at 50 °C 503:519 The substrate mycelium fragmented into rod-shaped elements after 4-5 days at 50 °C. 26882893 18 63 theme  = DSM 1938:1943 arg1 T3T 1933:1935 T3T 1933:1935 T3T ( = DSM 46801T = CGMCC 4.7206T) 1933:1967 The type strain is T3T ( = DSM 46801T = CGMCC 4.7206T). 26882893 18 63 theme  = DSM 1938:1943 arg1 4.7206T 1960:1966  = DSM 46801T = CGMCC 4.7206T 1938:1966  = DSM 46801T = CGMCC 4.7206T 1938:1966 The type strain is T3T ( = DSM 46801T = CGMCC 4.7206T). 26882893 16 64 theme genus 1819:1823 arg1 Saccharopolyspora 1825:1841 the genus Saccharopolyspora 1815:1841 the genus Saccharopolyspora 1815:1841 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain T3T represents a novel species in the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora subtropica sp. 26882893 6 65 theme aerial 526:531 arg1 mycelium 533:540 The aerial mycelium 522:540 The aerial mycelium 522:540 The aerial mycelium formed flexuous chains of 5-20 spores per chain; the oval-shaped spores had spiny surfaces and were non-motile. 26882893 9 66 dep anteiso-C17  885:896 arg1  0 927:928  0 927:928  0 927:928 The cellular fatty acid profile consisted mainly of anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26882893 9 66 dep anteiso-C17  885:896 arg1  0 898:899  0 898:899  0 898:899 The cellular fatty acid profile consisted mainly of anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26882893 9 66 dep anteiso-C17  885:896 arg1 iso-C16  918:925 iso-C16  918:925 iso-C16  918:925 The cellular fatty acid profile consisted mainly of anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26882893 9 66 dep anteiso-C17  885:896 arg1  0 911:912  0 911:912  0 911:912 The cellular fatty acid profile consisted mainly of anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26882893 8 67 theme whole-cell 769:778 arg1 sugars 780:785 The whole-cell sugars 765:785 The whole-cell sugars 765:785 The whole-cell sugars consisted of arabinose, galactose and ribose. 26882893 14 68 theme thermophila 1502:1512 arg1 216T 1514:1517 Saccharopolyspora thermophila 216T 1484:1517 Saccharopolyspora thermophila 216T 1484:1517 In the 16S rRNA gene tree of Saccharopolyspora it formed a distinct phyletic line and was related most closely to Saccharopolyspora thermophila 216T. 26882893 6 69 theme oval-shaped 595:605 arg1 spores 607:612 the oval-shaped spores 591:612 the oval-shaped spores 591:612 The aerial mycelium formed flexuous chains of 5-20 spores per chain; the oval-shaped spores had spiny surfaces and were non-motile. 26882893 0 70 theme subtropica 18:27 arg1 sp 29:30 Saccharopolyspora subtropica sp 0:30 Saccharopolyspora subtropica sp. 0:31 Saccharopolyspora subtropica sp. 26882893 5 71 theme rod-shaped 477:486 arg1 elements 488:495 rod-shaped elements 477:495 rod-shaped elements 477:495 The substrate mycelium fragmented into rod-shaped elements after 4-5 days at 50 °C. 26882893 11 72 theme ninhydrin-positive 1150:1167 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1022:1043 diphosphatidylglycerol 1022:1043 diphosphatidylglycerol 1022:1043 The phospholipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine and ninhydrin-positive glycophospholipids. 26882893 11 72 theme ninhydrin-positive 1150:1167 arg1 glycophospholipids 1169:1186 ninhydrin-positive glycophospholipids 1150:1186 ninhydrin-positive glycophospholipids 1150:1186 The phospholipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine and ninhydrin-positive glycophospholipids. 26882893 2 73 attach isolated 171:178 arg2 actinomycete 130:141 A novel thermophilic actinomycete 109:141 A novel thermophilic actinomycete 109:141 A novel thermophilic actinomycete, designated strain T3T, was isolated from a soil sample of a sugar cane field. 26882893 2 73 attach isolated 171:178 arg1 sample 192:197 a soil sample 185:197 a soil sample of a sugar cane field 185:219 A novel thermophilic actinomycete, designated strain T3T, was isolated from a soil sample of a sugar cane field. 26882893 3 74 theme 0-7  341:344 arg1 % 345:345 optimum 0-7 % 333:345 optimum 0-7 % 333:345 The strain grew at 25-60 °C (optimum 37-50 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum 7.0-9.0) and with 0-12.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0-7 %). 26882893 3 74 theme 0-7  341:344 arg1 NaCl 327:330 0-12.0 % (w/v) NaCl 312:330 0-12.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0-7 %) 312:346 The strain grew at 25-60 °C (optimum 37-50 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum 7.0-9.0) and with 0-12.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0-7 %). 26882893 1 75 theme sugar 91:95 arg1 field 102:106 a sugar cane field 89:106 a sugar cane field 89:106 nov., a thermophilic actinomycete isolated from soil of a sugar cane field. 26882893 12 76 theme 71.3 mol 1227:1234 arg1 % 1235:1235 71.3 mol% 1227:1235 71.3 mol% 1227:1235 The DNA G+C content of strain T3T was 71.3 mol%. 26882893 12 76 theme 71.3 mol 1227:1234 arg1 content 1201:1207 The DNA G+C content 1189:1207 The DNA G+C content of strain T3T 1189:1221 The DNA G+C content of strain T3T was 71.3 mol%. 26882893 16 77 theme phenotypic 1740:1749 arg1 data 1768:1771 the phenotypic and phylogenetic data 1736:1771 the phenotypic and phylogenetic data 1736:1771 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain T3T represents a novel species in the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora subtropica sp. 26882893 2 78 theme thermophilic 117:128 arg1 actinomycete 130:141 A novel thermophilic actinomycete 109:141 A novel thermophilic actinomycete 109:141 A novel thermophilic actinomycete, designated strain T3T, was isolated from a soil sample of a sugar cane field. 26882893 4 79 theme pale 425:428 arg1 yellow 430:435 pale yellow 425:435 pale yellow 425:435 The aerial mycelium was white and the vegetative mycelium was colourless to pale yellow. 26882893 16 80 theme phylogenetic 1755:1766 arg1 data 1768:1771 the phenotypic and phylogenetic data 1736:1771 the phenotypic and phylogenetic data 1736:1771 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain T3T represents a novel species in the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora subtropica sp. 26882893 2 81 theme soil 187:190 arg1 sample 192:197 a soil sample 185:197 a soil sample of a sugar cane field 185:219 A novel thermophilic actinomycete, designated strain T3T, was isolated from a soil sample of a sugar cane field. 26882893 15 82 theme S. 1617:1618 arg1 216T 1632:1635 S. thermophila 216T 1617:1635 S. thermophila 216T 1617:1635 However, the phenotypic characteristics of strain T3T were significantly different from those of S. thermophila 216T and DNA-DNA hybridization revealed a low level of relatedness (28.6-32.3 %) between them. 26882893 7 83 theme meso-diaminopimelic 677:695 arg1 acid 697:700 meso-diaminopimelic acid 677:700 meso-diaminopimelic acid 677:700 The organism contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26882893 7 83 theme meso-diaminopimelic 677:695 arg1 acid 728:731 the diagnostic diamino acid 705:731 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 705:762 The organism contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26882893 12 84 theme T3T 1219:1221 arg1 % 1235:1235 71.3 mol% 1227:1235 71.3 mol% 1227:1235 The DNA G+C content of strain T3T was 71.3 mol%. 26882893 12 84 theme T3T 1219:1221 arg1 content 1201:1207 The DNA G+C content 1189:1207 The DNA G+C content of strain T3T 1189:1221 The DNA G+C content of strain T3T was 71.3 mol%. 26882893 9 85 theme cellular 837:844 arg1 profile 857:863 The cellular fatty acid profile 833:863 The cellular fatty acid profile 833:863 The cellular fatty acid profile consisted mainly of anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 26882893 2 86 theme novel 111:115 arg1 actinomycete 130:141 A novel thermophilic actinomycete 109:141 A novel thermophilic actinomycete 109:141 A novel thermophilic actinomycete, designated strain T3T, was isolated from a soil sample of a sugar cane field. 25716950 3 0 theme rRNA 293:296 arg1 sequences 303:311 16S rRNA gene sequences 289:311 16S rRNA gene sequences 289:311 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and data from phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1109(T) was related to the genus Exiguobacterium . 25716950 4 1 theme sequence 440:447 arg1 similarity 449:458 >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 419:458 >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 419:458 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 5 2 theme DNA-DNA 640:646 arg1 relatedness 648:658 DNA-DNA relatedness 640:658 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NIO-1109(T) and E. acetylicum DSM 20416(T) and E. indicum LMG 23471(T) 640:744 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NIO-1109(T) and E. acetylicum DSM 20416(T) and E. indicum LMG 23471(T) were less than 70% (33.0 ± 2.0 and 37 ± 3.2%, respectively). 25716950 9 3 theme CCTCC 1194:1198 arg1 T 1211:1211 T 1211:1211 T 1211:1211 The type strain is NIO-1109(T) ( =NCIM 5457(T) =DSM 25128(T) = CCTCC AB 2011124(T)). 25716950 9 3 theme CCTCC 1194:1198 arg1 2011124 1203:1209  =NCIM 5457(T) =DSM 25128(T) = CCTCC AB 2011124 1163:1209  =NCIM 5457(T) =DSM 25128(T) = CCTCC AB 2011124(T) 1163:1212 The type strain is NIO-1109(T) ( =NCIM 5457(T) =DSM 25128(T) = CCTCC AB 2011124(T)). 25716950 9 3 theme CCTCC 1194:1198 arg1 NIO-1109 1150:1157 NIO-1109 1150:1157 NIO-1109 1150:1157 The type strain is NIO-1109(T) ( =NCIM 5457(T) =DSM 25128(T) = CCTCC AB 2011124(T)). 25716950 3 4 theme gene 298:301 arg1 sequences 303:311 16S rRNA gene sequences 289:311 16S rRNA gene sequences 289:311 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and data from phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1109(T) was related to the genus Exiguobacterium . 25716950 4 5 dep Exiguobacterium 522:536 arg1 acetylicum 538:547 acetylicum 538:547 acetylicum 538:547 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 4 6 theme type 576:579 arg1 strains 581:587 the type strains 572:587 the type strains of other species 572:604 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 7 7 theme phylogenetic 953:964 arg1 data 966:969 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 922:969 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 922:969 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NIO-1109(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Exiguobacterium , for which the name Exiguobacterium enclense sp. 25716950 7 8 theme enclense 1100:1107 arg1 sp 1109:1110 the name Exiguobacterium enclense sp 1075:1110 the name Exiguobacterium enclense sp 1075:1110 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NIO-1109(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Exiguobacterium , for which the name Exiguobacterium enclense sp. 25716950 4 9 theme 16S 426:428 arg1 similarity 449:458 >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 419:458 >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 419:458 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 7 10 theme strain 972:977 arg1 T 988:988 T 988:988 T 988:988 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NIO-1109(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Exiguobacterium , for which the name Exiguobacterium enclense sp. 25716950 7 10 theme strain 972:977 arg1 NIO-1109 979:986 strain NIO-1109 972:986 strain NIO-1109(T) 972:989 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NIO-1109(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Exiguobacterium , for which the name Exiguobacterium enclense sp. 25716950 5 11 theme relatedness 648:658 arg1 Levels 630:635 Levels 630:635 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NIO-1109(T) and E. acetylicum DSM 20416(T) and E. indicum LMG 23471(T) 630:744 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NIO-1109(T) and E. acetylicum DSM 20416(T) and E. indicum LMG 23471(T) were less than 70% (33.0 ± 2.0 and 37 ± 3.2%, respectively). 25716950 4 12 theme other 592:596 arg1 species 598:604 other species 592:604 other species 592:604 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 3 13 theme chemotaxonomic 213:226 arg1 characteristics 228:242 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and data from phylogenetic analysis 198:278 characteristics 228:242 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and data from phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1109(T) was related to the genus Exiguobacterium . 25716950 7 14 theme genus 1041:1045 arg1 Exiguobacterium 1047:1061 the genus Exiguobacterium 1037:1061 the genus Exiguobacterium 1037:1061 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NIO-1109(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Exiguobacterium , for which the name Exiguobacterium enclense sp. 25716950 2 15 from Island 178:183 arg1 sample 159:164 a marine sediment sample 141:164 a marine sediment sample from Chorao Island, Goa, India 141:195 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain NIO-1109(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample from Chorao Island, Goa, India. 25716950 4 16 theme gene 435:438 arg1 similarity 449:458 >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 419:458 >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 419:458 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 5 17 dep % 763:763 arg1 ± 771:771 33.0 ± 2.0 and 37 ± 3.2% 766:789 ± 771:771 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NIO-1109(T) and E. acetylicum DSM 20416(T) and E. indicum LMG 23471(T) were less than 70% (33.0 ± 2.0 and 37 ± 3.2%, respectively). 25716950 5 17 dep % 763:763 arg1 % 789:789 33.0 ± 2.0 and 37 ± 3.2% 766:789 % 789:789 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NIO-1109(T) and E. acetylicum DSM 20416(T) and E. indicum LMG 23471(T) were less than 70% (33.0 ± 2.0 and 37 ± 3.2%, respectively). 25716950 7 18 theme chemotaxonomic 934:947 arg1 data 966:969 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 922:969 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 922:969 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NIO-1109(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Exiguobacterium , for which the name Exiguobacterium enclense sp. 25716950 7 19 theme phenotypic 922:931 arg1 data 966:969 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 922:969 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 922:969 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NIO-1109(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Exiguobacterium , for which the name Exiguobacterium enclense sp. 25716950 4 20 theme rRNA 430:433 arg1 similarity 449:458 >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 419:458 >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 419:458 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 3 21 theme Phenotypic 198:207 arg1 characteristics 228:242 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and data from phylogenetic analysis 198:278 characteristics 228:242 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and data from phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1109(T) was related to the genus Exiguobacterium . 25716950 4 22 theme % 616:616 arg1 similarity 618:627 <98% similarity 613:627 <98% similarity 613:627 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 4 23 theme % 424:424 arg1 similarity 449:458 >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 419:458 >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 419:458 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 7 24 theme Exiguobacterium 1047:1061 arg1 species 1026:1032 a novel species 1018:1032 a novel species 1018:1032 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NIO-1109(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Exiguobacterium , for which the name Exiguobacterium enclense sp. 25716950 2 25 theme Gram-stain-positive 61:79 arg1 bacterium 81:89 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium 59:89 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium 59:89 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain NIO-1109(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample from Chorao Island, Goa, India. 25716950 4 26 theme <98 613:615 arg1 % 616:616 % 616:616 % 616:616 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 5 27 theme E. 722:723 arg1 LMG 733:735 E. indicum LMG 23471 722:741 E. indicum LMG 23471 722:741 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NIO-1109(T) and E. acetylicum DSM 20416(T) and E. indicum LMG 23471(T) were less than 70% (33.0 ± 2.0 and 37 ± 3.2%, respectively). 25716950 3 28 theme from 253:256 arg1 analysis 271:278 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and data from phylogenetic analysis 198:278 analysis 271:278 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and data from phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1109(T) was related to the genus Exiguobacterium . 25716950 6 29 theme phenotypic 894:903 arg1 traits 905:910 phenotypic traits 894:910 phenotypic traits 894:910 Strain NIO-1109(T) also differed from these two closely related species in a number of phenotypic traits. 25716950 5 30 theme acetylicum 694:703 arg1 20416 709:713 E. acetylicum DSM 20416 691:713 E. acetylicum DSM 20416 691:713 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NIO-1109(T) and E. acetylicum DSM 20416(T) and E. indicum LMG 23471(T) were less than 70% (33.0 ± 2.0 and 37 ± 3.2%, respectively). 25716950 5 31 theme E. 691:692 arg1 20416 709:713 E. acetylicum DSM 20416 691:713 E. acetylicum DSM 20416 691:713 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NIO-1109(T) and E. acetylicum DSM 20416(T) and E. indicum LMG 23471(T) were less than 70% (33.0 ± 2.0 and 37 ± 3.2%, respectively). 25716950 3 32 theme phylogenetic 258:269 arg1 analysis 271:278 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and data from phylogenetic analysis 198:278 analysis 271:278 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and data from phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1109(T) was related to the genus Exiguobacterium . 25716950 9 33 theme AB 1200:1201 arg1 T 1211:1211 T 1211:1211 T 1211:1211 The type strain is NIO-1109(T) ( =NCIM 5457(T) =DSM 25128(T) = CCTCC AB 2011124(T)). 25716950 9 33 theme AB 1200:1201 arg1 2011124 1203:1209  =NCIM 5457(T) =DSM 25128(T) = CCTCC AB 2011124 1163:1209  =NCIM 5457(T) =DSM 25128(T) = CCTCC AB 2011124(T) 1163:1212 The type strain is NIO-1109(T) ( =NCIM 5457(T) =DSM 25128(T) = CCTCC AB 2011124(T)). 25716950 9 33 theme AB 1200:1201 arg1 NIO-1109 1150:1157 NIO-1109 1150:1157 NIO-1109 1150:1157 The type strain is NIO-1109(T) ( =NCIM 5457(T) =DSM 25128(T) = CCTCC AB 2011124(T)). 25716950 5 34 theme DSM 705:707 arg1 20416 709:713 E. acetylicum DSM 20416 691:713 E. acetylicum DSM 20416 691:713 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NIO-1109(T) and E. acetylicum DSM 20416(T) and E. indicum LMG 23471(T) were less than 70% (33.0 ± 2.0 and 37 ± 3.2%, respectively). 25716950 3 35 theme genus 366:370 arg1 Exiguobacterium 372:386 the genus Exiguobacterium 362:386 the genus Exiguobacterium 362:386 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and data from phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1109(T) was related to the genus Exiguobacterium . 25716950 7 36 theme novel 1020:1024 arg1 species 1026:1032 a novel species 1018:1032 a novel species 1018:1032 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NIO-1109(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Exiguobacterium , for which the name Exiguobacterium enclense sp. 25716950 2 37 theme sediment 150:157 arg1 sample 159:164 a marine sediment sample 141:164 a marine sediment sample from Chorao Island, Goa, India 141:195 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain NIO-1109(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample from Chorao Island, Goa, India. 25716950 5 38 theme strain 668:673 arg1 T 743:743 T 743:743 T 743:743 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NIO-1109(T) and E. acetylicum DSM 20416(T) and E. indicum LMG 23471(T) were less than 70% (33.0 ± 2.0 and 37 ± 3.2%, respectively). 25716950 5 38 theme strain 668:673 arg1 T 715:715 T 715:715 T 715:715 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NIO-1109(T) and E. acetylicum DSM 20416(T) and E. indicum LMG 23471(T) were less than 70% (33.0 ± 2.0 and 37 ± 3.2%, respectively). 25716950 5 38 theme strain 668:673 arg1 T 684:684 strain NIO-1109(T) 668:685 strain NIO-1109(T) 668:685 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NIO-1109(T) and E. acetylicum DSM 20416(T) and E. indicum LMG 23471(T) were less than 70% (33.0 ± 2.0 and 37 ± 3.2%, respectively). 25716950 2 39 theme strain 103:108 arg1 T 119:119 T 119:119 T 119:119 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain NIO-1109(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample from Chorao Island, Goa, India. 25716950 2 39 theme strain 103:108 arg1 NIO-1109 110:117 strain NIO-1109 103:117 strain NIO-1109(T) 103:120 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain NIO-1109(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample from Chorao Island, Goa, India. 25716950 3 40 theme data 248:251 arg1 analysis 271:278 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and data from phylogenetic analysis 198:278 analysis 271:278 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and data from phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1109(T) was related to the genus Exiguobacterium . 25716950 2 41 theme marine 143:148 arg1 sample 159:164 a marine sediment sample 141:164 a marine sediment sample from Chorao Island, Goa, India 141:195 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain NIO-1109(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample from Chorao Island, Goa, India. 25716950 6 42 theme traits 905:910 arg1 number 884:889 a number 882:889 a number of phenotypic traits 882:910 Strain NIO-1109(T) also differed from these two closely related species in a number of phenotypic traits. 25716950 3 43 theme strain 328:333 arg1 T 344:344 T 344:344 T 344:344 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and data from phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1109(T) was related to the genus Exiguobacterium . 25716950 3 43 theme strain 328:333 arg1 NIO-1109 335:342 strain NIO-1109 328:342 strain NIO-1109(T) 328:345 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and data from phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1109(T) was related to the genus Exiguobacterium . 25716950 5 44 theme NIO-1109 675:682 arg1 T 743:743 T 743:743 T 743:743 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NIO-1109(T) and E. acetylicum DSM 20416(T) and E. indicum LMG 23471(T) were less than 70% (33.0 ± 2.0 and 37 ± 3.2%, respectively). 25716950 5 44 theme NIO-1109 675:682 arg1 T 715:715 T 715:715 T 715:715 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NIO-1109(T) and E. acetylicum DSM 20416(T) and E. indicum LMG 23471(T) were less than 70% (33.0 ± 2.0 and 37 ± 3.2%, respectively). 25716950 5 44 theme NIO-1109 675:682 arg1 T 684:684 strain NIO-1109(T) 668:685 strain NIO-1109(T) 668:685 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NIO-1109(T) and E. acetylicum DSM 20416(T) and E. indicum LMG 23471(T) were less than 70% (33.0 ± 2.0 and 37 ± 3.2%, respectively). 25716950 4 45 theme Exiguobacterium 476:490 arg1 HHS 500:502 Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%) 476:569 HHS 500:502 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 6 46 theme related 863:869 arg1 species 871:877 these two closely related species 845:877 these two closely related species 845:877 Strain NIO-1109(T) also differed from these two closely related species in a number of phenotypic traits. 25716950 2 47 attach isolated 127:134 arg1 sample 159:164 a marine sediment sample 141:164 a marine sediment sample from Chorao Island, Goa, India 141:195 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain NIO-1109(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample from Chorao Island, Goa, India. 25716950 2 47 attach isolated 127:134 arg2 bacterium 81:89 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium 59:89 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium 59:89 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain NIO-1109(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample from Chorao Island, Goa, India. 25716950 3 48 theme 16S 289:291 arg1 sequences 303:311 16S rRNA gene sequences 289:311 16S rRNA gene sequences 289:311 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and data from phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1109(T) was related to the genus Exiguobacterium . 25716950 4 49 theme >98.0 419:423 arg1 % 424:424 % 424:424 % 424:424 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 4 50 theme indicum 492:498 arg1 HHS 500:502 Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%) 476:569 HHS 500:502 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 7 51 theme Exiguobacterium 1084:1098 arg1 sp 1109:1110 the name Exiguobacterium enclense sp 1075:1110 the name Exiguobacterium enclense sp 1075:1110 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NIO-1109(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Exiguobacterium , for which the name Exiguobacterium enclense sp. 25716950 4 52 theme Exiguobacterium 522:536 arg1 T 560:560 T 560:560 T 560:560 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 4 52 theme Exiguobacterium 522:536 arg1 9889 555:558 Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889 522:558 Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%) 522:569 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 4 52 theme Exiguobacterium 522:536 arg1 % 568:568 99.1% 564:568 99.1% 564:568 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 2 53 theme Chorao 171:176 arg1 Goa 186:188 Goa 186:188 Goa 186:188 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain NIO-1109(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample from Chorao Island, Goa, India. 25716950 2 53 theme Chorao 171:176 arg1 Island 178:183 Chorao Island 171:183 Chorao Island 171:183 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated strain NIO-1109(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample from Chorao Island, Goa, India. 25716950 5 54 theme ± 784:784 arg1 % 789:789 33.0 ± 2.0 and 37 ± 3.2% 766:789 % 789:789 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NIO-1109(T) and E. acetylicum DSM 20416(T) and E. indicum LMG 23471(T) were less than 70% (33.0 ± 2.0 and 37 ± 3.2%, respectively). 25716950 4 55 theme species 598:604 arg1 strains 581:587 the type strains 572:587 the type strains of other species 572:604 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 6 56 theme Strain 807:812 arg1 T 823:823 T 823:823 T 823:823 Strain NIO-1109(T) also differed from these two closely related species in a number of phenotypic traits. 25716950 6 56 theme Strain 807:812 arg1 NIO-1109 814:821 Strain NIO-1109 807:821 Strain NIO-1109(T) 807:824 Strain NIO-1109(T) also differed from these two closely related species in a number of phenotypic traits. 25716950 5 57 theme indicum 725:731 arg1 LMG 733:735 E. indicum LMG 23471 722:741 E. indicum LMG 23471 722:741 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NIO-1109(T) and E. acetylicum DSM 20416(T) and E. indicum LMG 23471(T) were less than 70% (33.0 ± 2.0 and 37 ± 3.2%, respectively). 25716950 4 58 theme NCIMB 549:553 arg1 T 560:560 T 560:560 T 560:560 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 4 58 theme NCIMB 549:553 arg1 9889 555:558 Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889 522:558 Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%) 522:569 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 4 58 theme NCIMB 549:553 arg1 % 568:568 99.1% 564:568 99.1% 564:568 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 4 59 dep HHS 500:502 arg1 % 515:515 99.5% 511:515 99.5% 511:515 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 4 59 dep HHS 500:502 arg1 T 507:507 T 507:507 T 507:507 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 4 59 dep HHS 500:502 arg1 31 504:505 31 504:505 31 504:505 Strain NIO-1109(T) exhibited >98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium indicum HHS 31(T) (99.5%) and Exiguobacterium acetylicum NCIMB 9889(T) (99.1%); the type strains of other species showed <98% similarity. 25716950 7 60 theme name 1079:1082 arg1 sp 1109:1110 the name Exiguobacterium enclense sp 1075:1110 the name Exiguobacterium enclense sp 1075:1110 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NIO-1109(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Exiguobacterium , for which the name Exiguobacterium enclense sp. 25716950 9 61 theme = 1192:1192 arg1 T 1211:1211 T 1211:1211 T 1211:1211 The type strain is NIO-1109(T) ( =NCIM 5457(T) =DSM 25128(T) = CCTCC AB 2011124(T)). 25716950 9 61 theme = 1192:1192 arg1 2011124 1203:1209  =NCIM 5457(T) =DSM 25128(T) = CCTCC AB 2011124 1163:1209  =NCIM 5457(T) =DSM 25128(T) = CCTCC AB 2011124(T) 1163:1212 The type strain is NIO-1109(T) ( =NCIM 5457(T) =DSM 25128(T) = CCTCC AB 2011124(T)). 25716950 9 61 theme = 1192:1192 arg1 NIO-1109 1150:1157 NIO-1109 1150:1157 NIO-1109 1150:1157 The type strain is NIO-1109(T) ( =NCIM 5457(T) =DSM 25128(T) = CCTCC AB 2011124(T)). 25716950 9 62 theme type 1135:1138 arg1 NIO-1109 1150:1157 NIO-1109 1150:1157 NIO-1109 1150:1157 The type strain is NIO-1109(T) ( =NCIM 5457(T) =DSM 25128(T) = CCTCC AB 2011124(T)). 25716950 9 62 theme type 1135:1138 arg1 strain 1140:1145 The type strain 1131:1145 The type strain 1131:1145 The type strain is NIO-1109(T) ( =NCIM 5457(T) =DSM 25128(T) = CCTCC AB 2011124(T)). 24928428 3 0 with B538 444:447 arg1 % 462:462 98.8 % 457:462 98.8 % 457:462 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 0 with B538 444:447 arg1 % 470:470 98.9 % 465:470 98.9 % 465:470 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 0 with B538 444:447 arg1 % 478:478 97.4 % 473:478 97.4 % 473:478 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 0 with B538 444:447 arg1 similarity 491:500 97.4 % similarity 484:500 97.4 % similarity 484:500 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 4 1 theme strain 589:594 arg1 T 604:604 T 604:604 T 604:604 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed values lower than 45 % between the strain RLAHU15(T) and any of these species. 24928428 4 1 theme strain 589:594 arg1 RLAHU15 596:602 the strain RLAHU15 585:602 the strain RLAHU15(T) 585:605 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed values lower than 45 % between the strain RLAHU15(T) and any of these species. 24928428 8 2 theme carbon 881:886 arg1 sources 888:894 carbon sources 881:894 carbon sources 881:894 Growth was supported by many carbohydrates and organic acids as carbon sources. 24928428 13 3 theme strain 1320:1325 arg1 T 1335:1335 T 1335:1335 T 1335:1335 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RLAHU15(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lupini sp. 24928428 13 3 theme strain 1320:1325 arg1 RLAHU15 1327:1333 strain RLAHU15 1320:1333 strain RLAHU15(T) 1320:1336 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RLAHU15(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lupini sp. 24928428 9 4 theme only 910:913 arg1 menaquinone 915:925 the only menaquinone 906:925 the only menaquinone 906:925 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24928428 11 5 theme meso-Diaminopimelic 1160:1178 arg1 acid 1180:1183 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1160:1183 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1160:1183 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. 24928428 3 6 theme catalpae 319:326 arg1 T 332:332 T 332:332 T 332:332 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 6 theme catalpae 319:326 arg1 D75 328:330 Paenibacillus catalpae D75 305:330 Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T) 305:333 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 15 7 theme  = CECT 1501:1507 arg1 T 1514:1514 T 1514:1514 T 1514:1514 The type strain is RLAHU15(T) ( = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235(T)). 24928428 15 7 theme  = CECT 1501:1507 arg1 8235 1509:1512  = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235 1486:1512  = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235(T) 1486:1515 The type strain is RLAHU15(T) ( = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235(T)). 24928428 3 8 theme Phylogenetic 170:181 arg1 analyses 183:190 Phylogenetic analyses 170:190 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 170:223 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 2 9 attach isolated 116:123 arg2 strain 83:88 A bacterial strain 71:88 A bacterial strain designated RLAHU15(T) 71:110 A bacterial strain designated RLAHU15(T) was isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus in Spain. 24928428 2 9 attach isolated 116:123 arg1 nodules 135:141 root nodules 130:141 root nodules of Lupinus albus in Spain 130:167 A bacterial strain designated RLAHU15(T) was isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus in Spain. 24928428 3 10 theme gene 210:213 arg1 sequences 215:223 16S rRNA gene sequences 201:223 16S rRNA gene sequences 201:223 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 8 11 theme many 841:844 arg1 carbohydrates 846:858 many carbohydrates 841:858 many carbohydrates 841:858 Growth was supported by many carbohydrates and organic acids as carbon sources. 24928428 3 12 with DS-1 365:368 arg1 % 462:462 98.8 % 457:462 98.8 % 457:462 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 12 with DS-1 365:368 arg1 % 470:470 98.9 % 465:470 98.9 % 465:470 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 12 with DS-1 365:368 arg1 % 478:478 97.4 % 473:478 97.4 % 473:478 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 12 with DS-1 365:368 arg1 similarity 491:500 97.4 % similarity 484:500 97.4 % similarity 484:500 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 4 13 theme lower 561:565 arg1 values 554:559 values 554:559 values lower than 45 % between the strain RLAHU15(T) 554:605 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed values lower than 45 % between the strain RLAHU15(T) and any of these species. 24928428 2 14 from Spain 163:167 arg1 nodules 135:141 root nodules 130:141 root nodules of Lupinus albus in Spain 130:167 A bacterial strain designated RLAHU15(T) was isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus in Spain. 24928428 8 15 theme organic 864:870 arg1 acids 872:876 organic acids 864:876 organic acids 864:876 Growth was supported by many carbohydrates and organic acids as carbon sources. 24928428 1 16 theme albus 64:68 arg1 nodules 45:51 nodules 45:51 nodules of Lupinus albus 45:68 nov., isolated from nodules of Lupinus albus. 24928428 3 17 theme Paenibacillus 374:386 arg1 PECAE04 401:407 Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04 374:407 Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) 374:410 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 17 theme Paenibacillus 374:386 arg1 T 409:409 T 409:409 T 409:409 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 18 theme 16S 201:203 arg1 sequences 215:223 16S rRNA gene sequences 201:223 16S rRNA gene sequences 201:223 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 2 19 from nodules 135:141 arg1 Spain 163:167 Spain 163:167 Spain 163:167 A bacterial strain designated RLAHU15(T) was isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus in Spain. 24928428 13 20 theme genus 1372:1376 arg1 species 1357:1363 a novel species 1349:1363 a novel species 1349:1363 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RLAHU15(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lupini sp. 24928428 0 21 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 lupini 14:19 Paenibacillus lupini 0:19 Paenibacillus lupini 0:19 Paenibacillus lupini sp. 24928428 3 22 theme rRNA 205:208 arg1 sequences 215:223 16S rRNA gene sequences 201:223 16S rRNA gene sequences 201:223 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 12 23 theme mol 1249:1251 arg1 content 1232:1238 The DNA G+C content 1220:1238 The DNA G+C content 1220:1238 The DNA G+C content was 54.4 mol%. 24928428 12 23 theme mol 1249:1251 arg1 % 1252:1252 54.4 mol% 1244:1252 54.4 mol% 1244:1252 The DNA G+C content was 54.4 mol%. 24928428 13 24 theme Paenibacillus 1378:1390 arg1 genus 1372:1376 the genus Paenibacillus 1368:1390 the genus Paenibacillus 1368:1390 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RLAHU15(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lupini sp. 24928428 5 25 theme motile 672:677 arg1 rod 695:697 a Gram-stain positive, motile and sporulating rod 649:697 a Gram-stain positive, motile and sporulating rod 649:697 The isolate was a Gram-stain positive, motile and sporulating rod. 24928428 5 25 theme motile 672:677 arg1 isolate 637:643 The isolate 633:643 The isolate 633:643 The isolate was a Gram-stain positive, motile and sporulating rod. 24928428 12 26 theme G+C 1228:1230 arg1 content 1232:1238 The DNA G+C content 1220:1238 The DNA G+C content 1220:1238 The DNA G+C content was 54.4 mol%. 24928428 12 26 theme G+C 1228:1230 arg1 % 1252:1252 54.4 mol% 1244:1252 54.4 mol% 1244:1252 The DNA G+C content was 54.4 mol%. 24928428 13 27 theme name 1407:1410 arg1 sp 1433:1434 the name Paenibacillus lupini sp 1403:1434 the name Paenibacillus lupini sp 1403:1434 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RLAHU15(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lupini sp. 24928428 4 28 theme hybridization 525:537 arg1 studies 539:545 DNA-DNA hybridization studies 517:545 DNA-DNA hybridization studies 517:545 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed values lower than 45 % between the strain RLAHU15(T) and any of these species. 24928428 5 29 theme sporulating 683:693 arg1 rod 695:697 a Gram-stain positive, motile and sporulating rod 649:697 a Gram-stain positive, motile and sporulating rod 649:697 The isolate was a Gram-stain positive, motile and sporulating rod. 24928428 5 29 theme sporulating 683:693 arg1 isolate 637:643 The isolate 633:643 The isolate 633:643 The isolate was a Gram-stain positive, motile and sporulating rod. 24928428 3 30 with PECAE04 401:407 arg1 % 462:462 98.8 % 457:462 98.8 % 457:462 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 30 with PECAE04 401:407 arg1 % 470:470 98.9 % 465:470 98.9 % 465:470 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 30 with PECAE04 401:407 arg1 % 478:478 97.4 % 473:478 97.4 % 473:478 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 30 with PECAE04 401:407 arg1 similarity 491:500 97.4 % similarity 484:500 97.4 % similarity 484:500 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 6 31 theme oxidase 731:737 arg1 activity 739:746 oxidase activity 731:746 oxidase activity 731:746 Catalase activity was weak and oxidase activity was positive. 24928428 4 32 theme DNA-DNA 517:523 arg1 studies 539:545 DNA-DNA hybridization studies 517:545 DNA-DNA hybridization studies 517:545 DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed values lower than 45 % between the strain RLAHU15(T) and any of these species. 24928428 13 33 theme phenotypic 1288:1297 arg1 analyses 1299:1306 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1255:1306 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1255:1306 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RLAHU15(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lupini sp. 24928428 13 34 theme novel 1351:1355 arg1 species 1357:1363 a novel species 1349:1363 a novel species 1349:1363 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RLAHU15(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lupini sp. 24928428 3 35 theme 97.4  484:488 arg1 similarity 491:500 97.4 % similarity 484:500 97.4 % similarity 484:500 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 36 theme endophyticus 388:399 arg1 PECAE04 401:407 Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04 374:407 Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) 374:410 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 36 theme endophyticus 388:399 arg1 T 409:409 T 409:409 T 409:409 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 13 37 theme chemotaxonomic 1269:1282 arg1 analyses 1299:1306 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1255:1306 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1255:1306 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RLAHU15(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lupini sp. 24928428 3 38 theme % 489:489 arg1 similarity 491:500 97.4 % similarity 484:500 97.4 % similarity 484:500 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 9 39 dep anteiso-C15  940:951 arg1  0 969:970  0 969:970  0 969:970 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24928428 9 39 dep anteiso-C15  940:951 arg1 iso-C16  960:967 iso-C16  960:967 iso-C16  960:967 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24928428 9 39 dep anteiso-C15  940:951 arg1  0 953:954  0 953:954  0 953:954 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24928428 3 40 theme Paenibacillus 305:317 arg1 T 332:332 T 332:332 T 332:332 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 40 theme Paenibacillus 305:317 arg1 D75 328:330 Paenibacillus catalpae D75 305:330 Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T) 305:333 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 41 theme Paenibacillus 336:348 arg1 T 370:370 T 370:370 T 370:370 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 41 theme Paenibacillus 336:348 arg1 DS-1 365:368 Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1 336:368 Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T) 336:371 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 2 42 theme bacterial 73:81 arg1 strain 83:88 A bacterial strain 71:88 A bacterial strain designated RLAHU15(T) 71:110 A bacterial strain designated RLAHU15(T) was isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus in Spain. 24928428 5 43 theme positive 662:669 arg1 rod 695:697 a Gram-stain positive, motile and sporulating rod 649:697 a Gram-stain positive, motile and sporulating rod 649:697 The isolate was a Gram-stain positive, motile and sporulating rod. 24928428 5 43 theme positive 662:669 arg1 isolate 637:643 The isolate 633:643 The isolate 633:643 The isolate was a Gram-stain positive, motile and sporulating rod. 24928428 2 44 theme root 130:133 arg1 nodules 135:141 root nodules 130:141 root nodules of Lupinus albus in Spain 130:167 A bacterial strain designated RLAHU15(T) was isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus in Spain. 24928428 13 45 theme lupini 1426:1431 arg1 sp 1433:1434 the name Paenibacillus lupini sp 1403:1434 the name Paenibacillus lupini sp 1403:1434 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RLAHU15(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lupini sp. 24928428 15 46 theme 27296 1493:1497 arg1 T 1514:1514 T 1514:1514 T 1514:1514 The type strain is RLAHU15(T) ( = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235(T)). 24928428 15 46 theme 27296 1493:1497 arg1 8235 1509:1512  = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235 1486:1512  = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235(T) 1486:1515 The type strain is RLAHU15(T) ( = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235(T)). 24928428 3 47 theme Paenibacillus 416:428 arg1 T 449:449 T 449:449 T 449:449 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 47 theme Paenibacillus 416:428 arg1 B538 444:447 Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538 416:447 Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) 416:450 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 48 theme glycanilyticus 350:363 arg1 T 370:370 T 370:370 T 370:370 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 48 theme glycanilyticus 350:363 arg1 DS-1 365:368 Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1 336:368 Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T) 336:371 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 49 with D75 328:330 arg1 % 462:462 98.8 % 457:462 98.8 % 457:462 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 49 with D75 328:330 arg1 % 470:470 98.9 % 465:470 98.9 % 465:470 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 49 with D75 328:330 arg1 % 478:478 97.4 % 473:478 97.4 % 473:478 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 49 with D75 328:330 arg1 similarity 491:500 97.4 % similarity 484:500 97.4 % similarity 484:500 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 9 50 dep detected 927:934 arg1 menaquinone 915:925 the only menaquinone 906:925 the only menaquinone 906:925 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24928428 3 51 theme xinjiangensis 430:442 arg1 T 449:449 T 449:449 T 449:449 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 3 51 theme xinjiangensis 430:442 arg1 B538 444:447 Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538 416:447 Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) 416:450 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 10 52 theme unidentified 1106:1117 arg1 phospholipids 1119:1131 three unidentified phospholipids 1100:1131 three unidentified phospholipids 1100:1131 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. 24928428 13 53 theme Phylogenetic 1255:1266 arg1 analyses 1299:1306 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1255:1306 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses 1255:1306 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RLAHU15(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lupini sp. 24928428 6 54 theme Catalase 700:707 arg1 activity 709:716 Catalase activity 700:716 Catalase activity 700:716 Catalase activity was weak and oxidase activity was positive. 24928428 13 55 theme Paenibacillus 1412:1424 arg1 sp 1433:1434 the name Paenibacillus lupini sp 1403:1434 the name Paenibacillus lupini sp 1403:1434 Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RLAHU15(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus lupini sp. 24928428 9 56 theme major 981:985 arg1 anteiso-C15  940:951 anteiso-C15  940:951 anteiso-C15  940:951 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24928428 9 56 theme major 981:985 arg1 acids 993:997 the major fatty acids 977:997 the major fatty acids 977:997 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24928428 11 57 located detected 1189:1196 arg1 peptidoglycan 1205:1217 the peptidoglycan 1201:1217 the peptidoglycan 1201:1217 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. 24928428 11 57 located detected 1189:1196 arg2 acid 1180:1183 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1160:1183 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1160:1183 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. 24928428 15 58 theme  = LMG 1486:1491 arg1 T 1514:1514 T 1514:1514 T 1514:1514 The type strain is RLAHU15(T) ( = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235(T)). 24928428 15 58 theme  = LMG 1486:1491 arg1 8235 1509:1512  = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235 1486:1512  = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235(T) 1486:1515 The type strain is RLAHU15(T) ( = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235(T)). 24928428 0 59 dep sp 21:22 arg1 lupini 14:19 Paenibacillus lupini 0:19 Paenibacillus lupini 0:19 Paenibacillus lupini sp. 24928428 9 60 theme fatty 987:991 arg1 anteiso-C15  940:951 anteiso-C15  940:951 anteiso-C15  940:951 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24928428 9 60 theme fatty 987:991 arg1 acids 993:997 the major fatty acids 977:997 the major fatty acids 977:997 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 24928428 15 61 dep RLAHU15 1474:1480 arg1 T 1514:1514 T 1514:1514 T 1514:1514 The type strain is RLAHU15(T) ( = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235(T)). 24928428 15 61 dep RLAHU15 1474:1480 arg1 8235 1509:1512  = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235 1486:1512  = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235(T) 1486:1515 The type strain is RLAHU15(T) ( = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235(T)). 24928428 15 62 theme T 1499:1499 arg1 T 1514:1514 T 1514:1514 T 1514:1514 The type strain is RLAHU15(T) ( = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235(T)). 24928428 15 62 theme T 1499:1499 arg1 8235 1509:1512  = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235 1486:1512  = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235(T) 1486:1515 The type strain is RLAHU15(T) ( = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235(T)). 24928428 3 63 theme closest 281:287 arg1 relatives 289:297 its closest relatives 277:297 its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively 277:514 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus catalpae D75(T), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T), Paenibacillus endophyticus PECAE04(T) and Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) with 98.8 %, 98.9 %, 97.4 % and 97.4 % similarity, respectively. 24928428 2 64 theme albus 154:158 arg1 nodules 135:141 root nodules 130:141 root nodules of Lupinus albus in Spain 130:167 A bacterial strain designated RLAHU15(T) was isolated from root nodules of Lupinus albus in Spain. 24928428 12 65 theme DNA 1224:1226 arg1 content 1232:1238 The DNA G+C content 1220:1238 The DNA G+C content 1220:1238 The DNA G+C content was 54.4 mol%. 24928428 12 65 theme DNA 1224:1226 arg1 % 1252:1252 54.4 mol% 1244:1252 54.4 mol% 1244:1252 The DNA G+C content was 54.4 mol%. 24928428 10 66 theme polar 1010:1014 arg1 lipids 1016:1021 The major polar lipids 1000:1021 The major polar lipids 1000:1021 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. 24928428 10 66 theme polar 1010:1014 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1028:1049 diphosphatidylglycerol 1028:1049 diphosphatidylglycerol 1028:1049 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. 24928428 5 67 theme Gram-stain 651:660 arg1 rod 695:697 a Gram-stain positive, motile and sporulating rod 649:697 a Gram-stain positive, motile and sporulating rod 649:697 The isolate was a Gram-stain positive, motile and sporulating rod. 24928428 5 67 theme Gram-stain 651:660 arg1 isolate 637:643 The isolate 633:643 The isolate 633:643 The isolate was a Gram-stain positive, motile and sporulating rod. 24928428 15 68 theme type 1459:1462 arg1 RLAHU15 1474:1480 RLAHU15 1474:1480 RLAHU15(T) ( = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235(T)) 1474:1516 The type strain is RLAHU15(T) ( = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235(T)). 24928428 15 68 theme type 1459:1462 arg1 strain 1464:1469 The type strain 1455:1469 The type strain 1455:1469 The type strain is RLAHU15(T) ( = LMG 27296(T) = CECT 8235(T)). 24928428 10 69 theme unidentified 1140:1151 arg1 lipid 1153:1157 an unidentified lipid 1137:1157 an unidentified lipid 1137:1157 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. 24928428 10 70 theme major 1004:1008 arg1 lipids 1016:1021 The major polar lipids 1000:1021 The major polar lipids 1000:1021 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. 24928428 10 70 theme major 1004:1008 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1028:1049 diphosphatidylglycerol 1028:1049 diphosphatidylglycerol 1028:1049 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. 26747849 6 0 theme baseline 1251:1258 arg1 imbalances 1260:1269 baseline imbalances 1251:1269 baseline imbalances 1251:1269 Propensity score matching was performed to control for baseline imbalances and yielded 3649 matched pairs. 26747849 0 1 from Database 192:199 arg1 Analysis 157:164 Observational, Propensity-Matched Analysis 123:164 Observational, Propensity-Matched Analysis From the Premier Hospital Database 123:199 Bivalirudin Is Associated With Improved In-Hospital Outcomes Compared With Heparin in Percutaneous Vascular Interventions: Observational, Propensity-Matched Analysis From the Premier Hospital Database. 26747849 1 2 theme peripheral 321:330 arg1 disease 341:347 symptomatic peripheral arterial disease 309:347 symptomatic peripheral arterial disease 309:347 BACKGROUND Peripheral vascular interventions are increasingly preferred for the treatment of patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease because they are associated with similar clinical outcomes and lower morbidity than open surgical procedures. 26747849 9 3 theme vascular 1788:1795 arg1 interventions 1797:1809 peripheral vascular interventions 1777:1809 peripheral vascular interventions 1777:1809 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions, procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin may result in more favorable in-hospital outcomes compared with unfractionated heparin, the current standard of care. 26747849 7 4 theme cardiovascular 1546:1559 arg1 events 1561:1566 major adverse cardiovascular events 1532:1566 major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003) 1532:1594 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 7 4 theme cardiovascular 1546:1559 arg1 odds 1569:1572 odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003 1569:1593 odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003 1569:1593 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 1 5 theme BACKGROUND 202:211 arg1 interventions 233:245 BACKGROUND Peripheral vascular interventions 202:245 BACKGROUND Peripheral vascular interventions 202:245 BACKGROUND Peripheral vascular interventions are increasingly preferred for the treatment of patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease because they are associated with similar clinical outcomes and lower morbidity than open surgical procedures. 26747849 7 6 theme major 1532:1536 arg1 events 1561:1566 major adverse cardiovascular events 1532:1566 major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003) 1532:1594 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 7 6 theme major 1532:1536 arg1 odds 1569:1572 odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003 1569:1593 odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003 1569:1593 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 1 7 theme vascular 224:231 arg1 interventions 233:245 BACKGROUND Peripheral vascular interventions 202:245 BACKGROUND Peripheral vascular interventions 202:245 BACKGROUND Peripheral vascular interventions are increasingly preferred for the treatment of patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease because they are associated with similar clinical outcomes and lower morbidity than open surgical procedures. 26747849 5 8 theme In-hospital 999:1009 arg1 points 1015:1020 In-hospital end points 999:1020 In-hospital end points 999:1020 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 2 9 theme peripheral 638:647 arg1 interventions 658:670 peripheral vascular interventions 638:670 peripheral vascular interventions 638:670 The objective of this study was to assess the comparative effectiveness of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin compared with unfractionated heparin in patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions. 26747849 3 10 theme retrospective 704:716 arg1 This 693:696 This 693:696 This 693:696 METHODS AND RESULTS This was a retrospective, observational study using the Premier Hospital administrative database. 26747849 3 10 theme retrospective 704:716 arg1 study 733:737 a retrospective, observational study 702:737 a retrospective, observational study using the Premier Hospital administrative database 702:788 METHODS AND RESULTS This was a retrospective, observational study using the Premier Hospital administrative database. 26747849 7 11 dep ratio 1509:1513 arg1 0.74 1516:1519 0.74 1516:1519 0.74 1516:1519 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 7 11 dep ratio 1509:1513 arg1 P=0.009 1522:1528 P=0.009 1522:1528 P=0.009 1522:1528 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 4 12 theme extremity 848:856 arg1 interventions 878:890 lower extremity peripheral vascular interventions 842:890 lower extremity peripheral vascular interventions 842:890 We examined 23,934 consecutive patients undergoing lower extremity peripheral vascular interventions between January 2008 and December 2012 who were treated with either bivalirudin or unfractionated heparin. 26747849 7 13 theme odds 1504:1507 arg1 transfusion 1491:1501 blood product transfusion 1477:1501 blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009) 1477:1529 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 7 13 theme odds 1504:1507 arg1 ratio 1509:1513 odds ratio 1504:1513 odds ratio 1504:1513 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 4 14 theme vascular 869:876 arg1 interventions 878:890 lower extremity peripheral vascular interventions 842:890 lower extremity peripheral vascular interventions 842:890 We examined 23,934 consecutive patients undergoing lower extremity peripheral vascular interventions between January 2008 and December 2012 who were treated with either bivalirudin or unfractionated heparin. 26747849 7 15 dep mortality 1429:1437 arg1 ratio 1445:1449 odds ratio 1440:1449 odds ratio 1440:1449 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 0 16 theme Hospital 183:190 arg1 Database 192:199 the Premier Hospital Database 171:199 the Premier Hospital Database 171:199 Bivalirudin Is Associated With Improved In-Hospital Outcomes Compared With Heparin in Percutaneous Vascular Interventions: Observational, Propensity-Matched Analysis From the Premier Hospital Database. 26747849 7 17 dep odds 1569:1572 arg1 ratio 1574:1578 ratio 1574:1578 ratio 1574:1578 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 7 17 dep odds 1569:1572 arg1 P=0.003 1587:1593 P=0.003 1587:1593 P=0.003 1587:1593 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 4 18 theme consecutive 810:820 arg1 patients 822:829 23,934 consecutive patients 803:829 23,934 consecutive patients undergoing lower extremity peripheral vascular interventions between January 2008 and December 2012 who were treated with either bivalirudin or unfractionated heparin 803:996 We examined 23,934 consecutive patients undergoing lower extremity peripheral vascular interventions between January 2008 and December 2012 who were treated with either bivalirudin or unfractionated heparin. 26747849 1 19 theme clinical 390:397 arg1 outcomes 399:406 similar clinical outcomes 382:406 similar clinical outcomes 382:406 BACKGROUND Peripheral vascular interventions are increasingly preferred for the treatment of patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease because they are associated with similar clinical outcomes and lower morbidity than open surgical procedures. 26747849 2 20 with anticoagulation 545:559 arg1 bivalirudin 566:576 bivalirudin 566:576 bivalirudin 566:576 The objective of this study was to assess the comparative effectiveness of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin compared with unfractionated heparin in patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions. 26747849 3 21 dep METHODS 673:679 arg1 This 693:696 This 693:696 This 693:696 METHODS AND RESULTS This was a retrospective, observational study using the Premier Hospital administrative database. 26747849 3 21 dep METHODS 673:679 arg1 study 733:737 a retrospective, observational study 702:737 a retrospective, observational study using the Premier Hospital administrative database 702:788 METHODS AND RESULTS This was a retrospective, observational study using the Premier Hospital administrative database. 26747849 7 22 theme event 1392:1396 arg1 rates 1398:1402 lower in-hospital event rates 1374:1402 lower in-hospital event rates 1374:1402 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 9 23 theme unfractionated 1920:1933 arg1 heparin 1935:1941 unfractionated heparin 1920:1941 unfractionated heparin 1920:1941 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions, procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin may result in more favorable in-hospital outcomes compared with unfractionated heparin, the current standard of care. 26747849 9 23 theme unfractionated 1920:1933 arg1 standard 1956:1963 standard 1956:1963 standard 1956:1963 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions, procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin may result in more favorable in-hospital outcomes compared with unfractionated heparin, the current standard of care. 26747849 9 24 dep favorable 1875:1883 arg1 in-hospital 1885:1895 in-hospital 1885:1895 in-hospital 1885:1895 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions, procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin may result in more favorable in-hospital outcomes compared with unfractionated heparin, the current standard of care. 26747849 0 25 theme Vascular 99:106 arg1 Interventions 108:120 Percutaneous Vascular Interventions 86:120 Percutaneous Vascular Interventions 86:120 Bivalirudin Is Associated With Improved In-Hospital Outcomes Compared With Heparin in Percutaneous Vascular Interventions: Observational, Propensity-Matched Analysis From the Premier Hospital Database. 26747849 7 26 dep ratio 1445:1449 arg1 P=0.017 1458:1464 P=0.017 1458:1464 P=0.017 1458:1464 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 1 27 theme open 433:436 arg1 procedures 447:456 open surgical procedures 433:456 open surgical procedures 433:456 BACKGROUND Peripheral vascular interventions are increasingly preferred for the treatment of patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease because they are associated with similar clinical outcomes and lower morbidity than open surgical procedures. 26747849 0 28 theme In-Hospital 40:50 arg1 Outcomes 52:59 Improved In-Hospital Outcomes 31:59 Improved In-Hospital Outcomes 31:59 Bivalirudin Is Associated With Improved In-Hospital Outcomes Compared With Heparin in Percutaneous Vascular Interventions: Observational, Propensity-Matched Analysis From the Premier Hospital Database. 26747849 5 29 theme adverse 1132:1138 arg1 events 1155:1160 major adverse cardiovascular events 1126:1160 major adverse cardiovascular events 1126:1160 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 7 30 theme product 1483:1489 arg1 transfusion 1491:1501 blood product transfusion 1477:1501 blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009) 1477:1529 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 7 30 theme product 1483:1489 arg1 ratio 1509:1513 odds ratio 1504:1513 odds ratio 1504:1513 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 2 31 theme comparative 505:515 arg1 effectiveness 517:529 the comparative effectiveness 501:529 the comparative effectiveness of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin 501:576 The objective of this study was to assess the comparative effectiveness of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin compared with unfractionated heparin in patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions. 26747849 1 32 theme arterial 332:339 arg1 disease 341:347 symptomatic peripheral arterial disease 309:347 symptomatic peripheral arterial disease 309:347 BACKGROUND Peripheral vascular interventions are increasingly preferred for the treatment of patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease because they are associated with similar clinical outcomes and lower morbidity than open surgical procedures. 26747849 5 33 theme end 1112:1114 arg1 points 1116:1121 the composite end points 1098:1121 the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events 1098:1193 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 2 34 theme anticoagulation 545:559 arg1 effectiveness 517:529 the comparative effectiveness 501:529 the comparative effectiveness of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin 501:576 The objective of this study was to assess the comparative effectiveness of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin compared with unfractionated heparin in patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions. 26747849 3 35 theme administrative 766:779 arg1 database 781:788 the Premier Hospital administrative database 745:788 the Premier Hospital administrative database 745:788 METHODS AND RESULTS This was a retrospective, observational study using the Premier Hospital administrative database. 26747849 9 36 with anticoagulation 1823:1837 arg1 bivalirudin 1844:1854 bivalirudin 1844:1854 bivalirudin 1844:1854 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions, procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin may result in more favorable in-hospital outcomes compared with unfractionated heparin, the current standard of care. 26747849 0 37 theme Improved 31:38 arg1 Outcomes 52:59 Improved In-Hospital Outcomes 31:59 Improved In-Hospital Outcomes 31:59 Bivalirudin Is Associated With Improved In-Hospital Outcomes Compared With Heparin in Percutaneous Vascular Interventions: Observational, Propensity-Matched Analysis From the Premier Hospital Database. 26747849 5 38 theme adverse 1171:1177 arg1 events 1188:1193 net adverse clinical events 1167:1193 net adverse clinical events 1167:1193 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 3 39 theme Premier 749:755 arg1 database 781:788 the Premier Hospital administrative database 745:788 the Premier Hospital administrative database 745:788 METHODS AND RESULTS This was a retrospective, observational study using the Premier Hospital administrative database. 26747849 7 40 theme clinical 1613:1620 arg1 odds 1630:1633 odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001 1630:1654 odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001 1630:1654 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 7 40 theme clinical 1613:1620 arg1 events 1622:1627 net adverse clinical events 1601:1627 net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001) 1601:1655 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 5 41 theme events 1188:1193 arg1 amputation 1082:1091 amputation 1082:1091 amputation 1082:1091 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 5 41 theme events 1188:1193 arg1 points 1116:1121 the composite end points 1098:1121 the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events 1098:1193 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 5 41 theme events 1188:1193 arg1 infarction 1049:1058 myocardial infarction 1038:1058 myocardial infarction 1038:1058 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 5 41 theme events 1188:1193 arg1 transfusion 1061:1071 transfusion 1061:1071 transfusion 1061:1071 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 5 41 theme events 1188:1193 arg1 death 1031:1035 death 1031:1035 death 1031:1035 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 5 41 theme events 1188:1193 arg1 stroke 1074:1079 stroke 1074:1079 stroke 1074:1079 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 1 42 with patients 295:302 arg1 disease 341:347 symptomatic peripheral arterial disease 309:347 symptomatic peripheral arterial disease 309:347 BACKGROUND Peripheral vascular interventions are increasingly preferred for the treatment of patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease because they are associated with similar clinical outcomes and lower morbidity than open surgical procedures. 26747849 6 43 theme matched 1288:1294 arg1 pairs 1296:1300 3649 matched pairs 1283:1300 3649 matched pairs 1283:1300 Propensity score matching was performed to control for baseline imbalances and yielded 3649 matched pairs. 26747849 7 44 contain had 1370:1372 arg2 rates 1398:1402 lower in-hospital event rates 1374:1402 lower in-hospital event rates 1374:1402 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 7 44 contain had 1370:1372 arg1 patients 1336:1343 patients 1336:1343 patients treated with bivalirudin 1336:1368 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 7 45 theme net 1601:1603 arg1 odds 1630:1633 odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001 1630:1654 odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001 1630:1654 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 7 45 theme net 1601:1603 arg1 events 1622:1627 net adverse clinical events 1601:1627 net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001) 1601:1655 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 5 46 theme events 1155:1160 arg1 amputation 1082:1091 amputation 1082:1091 amputation 1082:1091 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 5 46 theme events 1155:1160 arg1 points 1116:1121 the composite end points 1098:1121 the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events 1098:1193 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 5 46 theme events 1155:1160 arg1 infarction 1049:1058 myocardial infarction 1038:1058 myocardial infarction 1038:1058 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 5 46 theme events 1155:1160 arg1 transfusion 1061:1071 transfusion 1061:1071 transfusion 1061:1071 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 5 46 theme events 1155:1160 arg1 death 1031:1035 death 1031:1035 death 1031:1035 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 5 46 theme events 1155:1160 arg1 stroke 1074:1079 stroke 1074:1079 stroke 1074:1079 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 7 47 theme in-hospital 1380:1390 arg1 rates 1398:1402 lower in-hospital event rates 1374:1402 lower in-hospital event rates 1374:1402 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 1 48 theme patients 295:302 arg1 treatment 282:290 the treatment 278:290 the treatment of patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease 278:347 BACKGROUND Peripheral vascular interventions are increasingly preferred for the treatment of patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease because they are associated with similar clinical outcomes and lower morbidity than open surgical procedures. 26747849 7 49 theme lower 1423:1427 arg1 mortality 1429:1437 significantly lower mortality 1409:1437 significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017) 1409:1465 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 8 50 theme relevant 1722:1729 arg1 subgroups 1731:1739 clinically relevant subgroups 1711:1739 clinically relevant subgroups 1711:1739 These associations were observed consistently across clinically relevant subgroups. 26747849 1 51 theme symptomatic 309:319 arg1 disease 341:347 symptomatic peripheral arterial disease 309:347 symptomatic peripheral arterial disease 309:347 BACKGROUND Peripheral vascular interventions are increasingly preferred for the treatment of patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease because they are associated with similar clinical outcomes and lower morbidity than open surgical procedures. 26747849 9 52 theme peripheral 1777:1786 arg1 interventions 1797:1809 peripheral vascular interventions 1777:1809 peripheral vascular interventions 1777:1809 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions, procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin may result in more favorable in-hospital outcomes compared with unfractionated heparin, the current standard of care. 26747849 1 53 theme Peripheral 213:222 arg1 interventions 233:245 BACKGROUND Peripheral vascular interventions 202:245 BACKGROUND Peripheral vascular interventions 202:245 BACKGROUND Peripheral vascular interventions are increasingly preferred for the treatment of patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease because they are associated with similar clinical outcomes and lower morbidity than open surgical procedures. 26747849 9 54 theme procedural 1812:1821 arg1 anticoagulation 1823:1837 procedural anticoagulation 1812:1837 procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin 1812:1854 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions, procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin may result in more favorable in-hospital outcomes compared with unfractionated heparin, the current standard of care. 26747849 9 54 theme procedural 1812:1821 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1742:1752 CONCLUSIONS 1742:1752 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions 1742:1809 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions, procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin may result in more favorable in-hospital outcomes compared with unfractionated heparin, the current standard of care. 26747849 7 55 theme adverse 1538:1544 arg1 events 1561:1566 major adverse cardiovascular events 1532:1566 major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003) 1532:1594 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 7 55 theme adverse 1538:1544 arg1 odds 1569:1572 odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003 1569:1593 odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003 1569:1593 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 2 56 theme vascular 649:656 arg1 interventions 658:670 peripheral vascular interventions 638:670 peripheral vascular interventions 638:670 The objective of this study was to assess the comparative effectiveness of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin compared with unfractionated heparin in patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions. 26747849 7 57 theme 0.40 1452:1455 arg1 ratio 1445:1449 odds ratio 1440:1449 odds ratio 1440:1449 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 3 58 dep retrospective 704:716 arg1 observational 719:731 observational 719:731 observational 719:731 METHODS AND RESULTS This was a retrospective, observational study using the Premier Hospital administrative database. 26747849 5 59 theme end 1011:1013 arg1 points 1015:1020 In-hospital end points 999:1020 In-hospital end points 999:1020 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 0 60 from Heparin 75:81 arg1 Interventions 108:120 Percutaneous Vascular Interventions 86:120 Percutaneous Vascular Interventions 86:120 Bivalirudin Is Associated With Improved In-Hospital Outcomes Compared With Heparin in Percutaneous Vascular Interventions: Observational, Propensity-Matched Analysis From the Premier Hospital Database. 26747849 0 61 theme Premier 175:181 arg1 Database 192:199 the Premier Hospital Database 171:199 the Premier Hospital Database 171:199 Bivalirudin Is Associated With Improved In-Hospital Outcomes Compared With Heparin in Percutaneous Vascular Interventions: Observational, Propensity-Matched Analysis From the Premier Hospital Database. 26747849 2 62 from heparin 607:613 arg1 patients 618:625 patients 618:625 patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions 618:670 The objective of this study was to assess the comparative effectiveness of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin compared with unfractionated heparin in patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions. 26747849 4 63 theme lower 842:846 arg1 extremity 848:856 lower extremity 842:856 lower extremity peripheral vascular interventions 842:890 We examined 23,934 consecutive patients undergoing lower extremity peripheral vascular interventions between January 2008 and December 2012 who were treated with either bivalirudin or unfractionated heparin. 26747849 5 64 theme myocardial 1038:1047 arg1 infarction 1049:1058 myocardial infarction 1038:1058 myocardial infarction 1038:1058 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 9 65 theme favorable 1875:1883 arg1 outcomes 1897:1904 more favorable in-hospital outcomes 1870:1904 more favorable in-hospital outcomes compared with unfractionated heparin, the current standard of care 1870:1971 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions, procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin may result in more favorable in-hospital outcomes compared with unfractionated heparin, the current standard of care. 26747849 4 66 theme peripheral 858:867 arg1 interventions 878:890 lower extremity peripheral vascular interventions 842:890 lower extremity peripheral vascular interventions 842:890 We examined 23,934 consecutive patients undergoing lower extremity peripheral vascular interventions between January 2008 and December 2012 who were treated with either bivalirudin or unfractionated heparin. 26747849 7 67 theme lower 1374:1378 arg1 rates 1398:1402 lower in-hospital event rates 1374:1402 lower in-hospital event rates 1374:1402 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 0 68 theme Percutaneous 86:97 arg1 Interventions 108:120 Percutaneous Vascular Interventions 86:120 Percutaneous Vascular Interventions 86:120 Bivalirudin Is Associated With Improved In-Hospital Outcomes Compared With Heparin in Percutaneous Vascular Interventions: Observational, Propensity-Matched Analysis From the Premier Hospital Database. 26747849 1 69 theme lower 412:416 arg1 morbidity 418:426 lower morbidity 412:426 lower morbidity 412:426 BACKGROUND Peripheral vascular interventions are increasingly preferred for the treatment of patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease because they are associated with similar clinical outcomes and lower morbidity than open surgical procedures. 26747849 0 70 dep Observational 123:135 arg1 Propensity-Matched 138:155 Propensity-Matched 138:155 Propensity-Matched 138:155 Bivalirudin Is Associated With Improved In-Hospital Outcomes Compared With Heparin in Percutaneous Vascular Interventions: Observational, Propensity-Matched Analysis From the Premier Hospital Database. 26747849 0 71 theme Observational 123:135 arg1 Analysis 157:164 Observational, Propensity-Matched Analysis 123:164 Observational, Propensity-Matched Analysis From the Premier Hospital Database 123:199 Bivalirudin Is Associated With Improved In-Hospital Outcomes Compared With Heparin in Percutaneous Vascular Interventions: Observational, Propensity-Matched Analysis From the Premier Hospital Database. 26747849 5 72 theme major 1126:1130 arg1 events 1155:1160 major adverse cardiovascular events 1126:1160 major adverse cardiovascular events 1126:1160 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 9 73 from CONCLUSIONS 1742:1752 arg1 patients 1757:1764 patients 1757:1764 patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions 1757:1809 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions, procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin may result in more favorable in-hospital outcomes compared with unfractionated heparin, the current standard of care. 26747849 7 74 theme blood 1477:1481 arg1 transfusion 1491:1501 blood product transfusion 1477:1501 blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009) 1477:1529 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 7 74 theme blood 1477:1481 arg1 ratio 1509:1513 odds ratio 1504:1513 odds ratio 1504:1513 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 2 75 theme unfractionated 592:605 arg1 heparin 607:613 unfractionated heparin 592:613 unfractionated heparin in patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions 592:670 The objective of this study was to assess the comparative effectiveness of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin compared with unfractionated heparin in patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions. 26747849 1 76 theme surgical 438:445 arg1 procedures 447:456 open surgical procedures 433:456 open surgical procedures 433:456 BACKGROUND Peripheral vascular interventions are increasingly preferred for the treatment of patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease because they are associated with similar clinical outcomes and lower morbidity than open surgical procedures. 26747849 7 77 theme matching 1326:1333 arg1 score 1320:1324 propensity score matching 1309:1333 propensity score matching 1309:1333 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 5 78 theme composite 1102:1110 arg1 points 1116:1121 the composite end points 1098:1121 the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events 1098:1193 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 9 79 theme care 1968:1971 arg1 heparin 1935:1941 unfractionated heparin 1920:1941 unfractionated heparin 1920:1941 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions, procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin may result in more favorable in-hospital outcomes compared with unfractionated heparin, the current standard of care. 26747849 9 79 theme care 1968:1971 arg1 standard 1956:1963 standard 1956:1963 standard 1956:1963 CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions, procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin may result in more favorable in-hospital outcomes compared with unfractionated heparin, the current standard of care. 26747849 3 80 theme Hospital 757:764 arg1 database 781:788 the Premier Hospital administrative database 745:788 the Premier Hospital administrative database 745:788 METHODS AND RESULTS This was a retrospective, observational study using the Premier Hospital administrative database. 26747849 2 81 theme study 481:485 arg1 objective 463:471 The objective 459:471 The objective of this study 459:485 The objective of this study was to assess the comparative effectiveness of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin compared with unfractionated heparin in patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions. 26747849 7 82 theme propensity 1309:1318 arg1 score 1320:1324 propensity score matching 1309:1333 propensity score matching 1309:1333 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 5 83 theme net 1167:1169 arg1 events 1188:1193 net adverse clinical events 1167:1193 net adverse clinical events 1167:1193 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 6 84 theme Propensity 1196:1205 arg1 score 1207:1211 Propensity score 1196:1211 Propensity score matching 1196:1220 Propensity score matching was performed to control for baseline imbalances and yielded 3649 matched pairs. 26747849 2 85 theme procedural 534:543 arg1 anticoagulation 545:559 procedural anticoagulation 534:559 procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin 534:576 The objective of this study was to assess the comparative effectiveness of procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin compared with unfractionated heparin in patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions. 26747849 10 86 theme prospective 2006:2016 arg1 confirmation 2018:2029 prospective confirmation 2006:2029 prospective confirmation 2006:2029 These observations will require prospective confirmation in a randomized, controlled trial. 26747849 5 87 theme clinical 1179:1186 arg1 events 1188:1193 net adverse clinical events 1167:1193 net adverse clinical events 1167:1193 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 4 88 theme unfractionated 975:988 arg1 heparin 990:996 unfractionated heparin 975:996 unfractionated heparin 975:996 We examined 23,934 consecutive patients undergoing lower extremity peripheral vascular interventions between January 2008 and December 2012 who were treated with either bivalirudin or unfractionated heparin. 26747849 1 89 theme similar 382:388 arg1 outcomes 399:406 similar clinical outcomes 382:406 similar clinical outcomes 382:406 BACKGROUND Peripheral vascular interventions are increasingly preferred for the treatment of patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease because they are associated with similar clinical outcomes and lower morbidity than open surgical procedures. 26747849 5 90 theme cardiovascular 1140:1153 arg1 events 1155:1160 major adverse cardiovascular events 1126:1160 major adverse cardiovascular events 1126:1160 In-hospital end points included death, myocardial infarction, transfusion, stroke, amputation, and the composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events, and net adverse clinical events. 26747849 7 91 theme odds 1440:1443 arg1 ratio 1445:1449 odds ratio 1440:1449 odds ratio 1440:1449 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 10 92 dep randomized 2036:2045 arg1 controlled 2048:2057 controlled 2048:2057 controlled 2048:2057 These observations will require prospective confirmation in a randomized, controlled trial. 26747849 10 93 theme randomized 2036:2045 arg1 trial 2059:2063 a randomized, controlled trial 2034:2063 a randomized, controlled trial 2034:2063 These observations will require prospective confirmation in a randomized, controlled trial. 26747849 7 94 dep odds 1630:1633 arg1 P<0.001 1648:1654 P<0.001 1648:1654 P<0.001 1648:1654 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 7 94 dep odds 1630:1633 arg1 ratio 1635:1639 ratio 1635:1639 ratio 1635:1639 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 7 95 theme adverse 1605:1611 arg1 odds 1630:1633 odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001 1630:1654 odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001 1630:1654 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 26747849 7 95 theme adverse 1605:1611 arg1 events 1622:1627 net adverse clinical events 1601:1627 net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001) 1601:1655 After propensity score matching, patients treated with bivalirudin had lower in-hospital event rates with significantly lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.40; P=0.017), need for blood product transfusion (odds ratio, 0.74; P=0.009), major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 0.64; P=0.003), and net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.72; P<0.001). 28672052 8 0 theme primary 1175:1181 arg1 outcome 1183:1189 the primary outcome 1171:1189 the primary outcome of HIT-related thrombosis 1171:1215 Zero patients experienced the primary outcome of HIT-related thrombosis, and no patients experienced major bleeding post DOAC initiation. 28672052 5 1 theme prior 888:892 arg1 thrombosis 877:886 HIT-related thrombosis 865:886 HIT-related thrombosis prior to initiation of DOAC therapy 865:922 RESULTS A total of 12 patients were included for analysis, five of which experienced HIT-related thrombosis prior to initiation of DOAC therapy. 28672052 4 2 theme gangrene 702:709 arg1 composite 637:645 the composite 633:645 the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia 633:754 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 4 2 theme gangrene 702:709 arg1 gangrene 702:709 gangrene 702:709 gangrene 702:709 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 4 2 theme gangrene 702:709 arg1 amputation 715:724 amputation 715:724 amputation 715:724 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 4 2 theme gangrene 702:709 arg1 thromboembolism 685:699 newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism 650:699 newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism 650:699 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 4 2 theme gangrene 702:709 arg1 measure 621:627 The primary outcome measure 601:627 The primary outcome measure 601:627 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 10 3 theme adult 1402:1406 arg1 patients 1408:1415 adult patients 1402:1415 adult patients treated for acute HIT, treatment with DOAC therapy 1402:1466 CONCLUSIONS In this small retrospective study of adult patients treated for acute HIT, treatment with DOAC therapy was not associated with in-hospital thrombotic or hemorrhagic events. 28672052 1 4 theme anticoagulant 160:172 arg1 therapy 181:187 direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy 148:187 direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy 148:187 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy in hospitalized patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). 28672052 10 5 theme DOAC 1455:1458 arg1 therapy 1460:1466 DOAC therapy 1455:1466 DOAC therapy 1455:1466 CONCLUSIONS In this small retrospective study of adult patients treated for acute HIT, treatment with DOAC therapy was not associated with in-hospital thrombotic or hemorrhagic events. 28672052 6 6 theme treatment 1012:1020 arg1 initiation 993:1002 initiation 993:1002 initiation of DOAC treatment 993:1020 Seven patients received parenteral therapy with argatroban prior to initiation of DOAC treatment. 28672052 0 7 theme thrombocytopenia 81:96 arg1 treatment 42:50 the treatment 38:50 the treatment of suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia 38:96 Direct acting oral anticoagulants for the treatment of suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. 28672052 9 8 theme DOAC 1339:1342 arg1 therapy 1344:1350 DOAC therapy 1339:1350 DOAC therapy 1339:1350 All patients achieved platelet recovery while receiving DOAC therapy. 28672052 10 9 theme hemorrhagic 1518:1528 arg1 events 1530:1535 in-hospital thrombotic or hemorrhagic events 1492:1535 events 1530:1535 CONCLUSIONS In this small retrospective study of adult patients treated for acute HIT, treatment with DOAC therapy was not associated with in-hospital thrombotic or hemorrhagic events. 28672052 6 10 theme DOAC 1007:1010 arg1 treatment 1012:1020 DOAC treatment 1007:1020 DOAC treatment 1007:1020 Seven patients received parenteral therapy with argatroban prior to initiation of DOAC treatment. 28672052 10 11 theme acute 1429:1433 arg1 treatment 1440:1448 acute HIT, treatment 1429:1448 treatment 1440:1448 CONCLUSIONS In this small retrospective study of adult patients treated for acute HIT, treatment with DOAC therapy was not associated with in-hospital thrombotic or hemorrhagic events. 28672052 2 12 theme adult 307:311 arg1 patients 313:320 adult patients 307:320 adult patients prescribed apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban for the treatment of acute HIT from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017 307:439 METHODS Retrospective cohort study of adult patients prescribed apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban for the treatment of acute HIT from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017. 28672052 4 13 theme limb 742:745 arg1 ischemia 747:754 critical limb ischemia 733:754 critical limb ischemia 733:754 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 4 14 theme critical 733:740 arg1 ischemia 747:754 critical limb ischemia 733:754 critical limb ischemia 733:754 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 10 15 theme HIT 1435:1437 arg1 treatment 1440:1448 acute HIT, treatment 1429:1448 treatment 1440:1448 CONCLUSIONS In this small retrospective study of adult patients treated for acute HIT, treatment with DOAC therapy was not associated with in-hospital thrombotic or hemorrhagic events. 28672052 3 16 theme pretest 500:506 arg1 probability 508:518 high pretest probability 495:518 high pretest probability 495:518 Eligibility requirements included an intermediate or high pretest probability for HIT (4T score≥4) and a positive IgG-specific anti-PF4/heparin complex assay. 28672052 8 17 theme thrombosis 1206:1215 arg1 outcome 1183:1189 the primary outcome 1171:1189 the primary outcome of HIT-related thrombosis 1171:1215 Zero patients experienced the primary outcome of HIT-related thrombosis, and no patients experienced major bleeding post DOAC initiation. 28672052 5 18 theme patients 802:809 arg1 total 790:794 A total 788:794 A total of 12 patients 788:809 RESULTS A total of 12 patients were included for analysis, five of which experienced HIT-related thrombosis prior to initiation of DOAC therapy. 28672052 1 19 dep efficacy 125:132 arg1 the 121:123 the 121:123 the 121:123 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy in hospitalized patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). 28672052 1 20 theme therapy 181:187 arg1 safety 138:143 safety 138:143 safety 138:143 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy in hospitalized patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). 28672052 1 20 theme therapy 181:187 arg1 efficacy 125:132 efficacy 125:132 efficacy 125:132 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy in hospitalized patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). 28672052 1 21 theme DOAC 175:178 arg1 therapy 181:187 direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy 148:187 direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy 148:187 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy in hospitalized patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). 28672052 8 22 theme HIT-related 1194:1204 arg1 thrombosis 1206:1215 HIT-related thrombosis 1194:1215 HIT-related thrombosis 1194:1215 Zero patients experienced the primary outcome of HIT-related thrombosis, and no patients experienced major bleeding post DOAC initiation. 28672052 7 23 theme 9.33 days 1115:1123 arg1 average 1104:1110 an average 1101:1110 an average of 9.33 days 1101:1123 Nine patients were treated with apixaban while three received rivaroxaban for an average of 9.33 days while hospitalized. 28672052 1 24 from safety 138:143 arg1 patients 205:212 hospitalized patients 192:212 hospitalized patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) 192:266 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy in hospitalized patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). 28672052 2 25 theme cohort 291:296 arg1 study 298:302 Retrospective cohort study 277:302 METHODS Retrospective cohort study of adult patients prescribed apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban for the treatment of acute HIT from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017. 269:440 METHODS Retrospective cohort study of adult patients prescribed apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban for the treatment of acute HIT from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017. 28672052 8 26 theme DOAC 1266:1269 arg1 initiation 1271:1280 DOAC initiation 1266:1280 DOAC initiation 1266:1280 Zero patients experienced the primary outcome of HIT-related thrombosis, and no patients experienced major bleeding post DOAC initiation. 28672052 0 27 theme acting 7:12 arg1 anticoagulants 19:32 acting oral anticoagulants 7:32 acting oral anticoagulants 7:32 Direct acting oral anticoagulants for the treatment of suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. 28672052 3 28 theme positive 547:554 arg1 assay 594:598 a positive IgG-specific anti-PF4/heparin complex assay 545:598 a positive IgG-specific anti-PF4/heparin complex assay 545:598 Eligibility requirements included an intermediate or high pretest probability for HIT (4T score≥4) and a positive IgG-specific anti-PF4/heparin complex assay. 28672052 2 29 theme HIT 397:399 arg1 treatment 378:386 the treatment 374:386 the treatment of acute HIT from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017 374:439 METHODS Retrospective cohort study of adult patients prescribed apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban for the treatment of acute HIT from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017. 28672052 1 30 from efficacy 125:132 arg1 patients 205:212 hospitalized patients 192:212 hospitalized patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) 192:266 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy in hospitalized patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). 28672052 3 31 theme IgG-specific 556:567 arg1 assay 594:598 a positive IgG-specific anti-PF4/heparin complex assay 545:598 a positive IgG-specific anti-PF4/heparin complex assay 545:598 Eligibility requirements included an intermediate or high pretest probability for HIT (4T score≥4) and a positive IgG-specific anti-PF4/heparin complex assay. 28672052 10 32 with treatment 1440:1448 arg1 therapy 1460:1466 DOAC therapy 1455:1466 DOAC therapy 1455:1466 CONCLUSIONS In this small retrospective study of adult patients treated for acute HIT, treatment with DOAC therapy was not associated with in-hospital thrombotic or hemorrhagic events. 28672052 2 33 theme acute 391:395 arg1 HIT 397:399 acute HIT 391:399 acute HIT from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017 391:439 METHODS Retrospective cohort study of adult patients prescribed apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban for the treatment of acute HIT from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017. 28672052 4 34 dep diagnosed 656:664 arg1 arterial 676:683 arterial 676:683 arterial 676:683 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 4 34 dep diagnosed 656:664 arg1 venous 666:671 venous 666:671 venous 666:671 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 2 35 from treatment 378:386 arg1 January 406:412 January 406:412 January 406:412 METHODS Retrospective cohort study of adult patients prescribed apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban for the treatment of acute HIT from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017. 28672052 2 35 from treatment 378:386 arg1 2013 417:420 2013 417:420 2013 417:420 METHODS Retrospective cohort study of adult patients prescribed apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban for the treatment of acute HIT from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017. 28672052 6 36 with therapy 960:966 arg1 argatroban 973:982 argatroban 973:982 argatroban 973:982 Seven patients received parenteral therapy with argatroban prior to initiation of DOAC treatment. 28672052 1 37 theme hospitalized 192:203 arg1 patients 205:212 hospitalized patients 192:212 hospitalized patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) 192:266 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy in hospitalized patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). 28672052 0 38 theme oral 14:17 arg1 anticoagulants 19:32 acting oral anticoagulants 7:32 acting oral anticoagulants 7:32 Direct acting oral anticoagulants for the treatment of suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. 28672052 4 39 theme primary 605:611 arg1 composite 637:645 the composite 633:645 the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia 633:754 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 4 39 theme primary 605:611 arg1 gangrene 702:709 gangrene 702:709 gangrene 702:709 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 4 39 theme primary 605:611 arg1 amputation 715:724 amputation 715:724 amputation 715:724 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 4 39 theme primary 605:611 arg1 thromboembolism 685:699 newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism 650:699 newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism 650:699 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 4 39 theme primary 605:611 arg1 measure 621:627 The primary outcome measure 601:627 The primary outcome measure 601:627 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 2 40 theme patients 313:320 arg1 study 298:302 Retrospective cohort study 277:302 METHODS Retrospective cohort study of adult patients prescribed apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban for the treatment of acute HIT from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017. 269:440 METHODS Retrospective cohort study of adult patients prescribed apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban for the treatment of acute HIT from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017. 28672052 4 41 theme thromboembolism 685:699 arg1 composite 637:645 the composite 633:645 the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia 633:754 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 4 41 theme thromboembolism 685:699 arg1 gangrene 702:709 gangrene 702:709 gangrene 702:709 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 4 41 theme thromboembolism 685:699 arg1 amputation 715:724 amputation 715:724 amputation 715:724 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 4 41 theme thromboembolism 685:699 arg1 thromboembolism 685:699 newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism 650:699 newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism 650:699 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 4 41 theme thromboembolism 685:699 arg1 measure 621:627 The primary outcome measure 601:627 The primary outcome measure 601:627 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 5 42 dep RESULTS 780:786 arg1 included 816:823 included 816:823 were included for analysis, five of which experienced HIT-related thrombosis prior to initiation of DOAC therapy 811:922 RESULTS A total of 12 patients were included for analysis, five of which experienced HIT-related thrombosis prior to initiation of DOAC therapy. 28672052 5 43 theme therapy 916:922 arg1 initiation 897:906 initiation 897:906 initiation of DOAC therapy 897:922 RESULTS A total of 12 patients were included for analysis, five of which experienced HIT-related thrombosis prior to initiation of DOAC therapy. 28672052 2 44 dep METHODS 269:275 arg1 study 298:302 Retrospective cohort study 277:302 METHODS Retrospective cohort study of adult patients prescribed apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban for the treatment of acute HIT from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017. 269:440 METHODS Retrospective cohort study of adult patients prescribed apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban for the treatment of acute HIT from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017. 28672052 4 45 theme diagnosed 656:664 arg1 thromboembolism 685:699 newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism 650:699 newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism 650:699 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 1 46 with patients 205:212 arg1 HIT 263:265 HIT 263:265 HIT 263:265 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy in hospitalized patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). 28672052 1 46 with patients 205:212 arg1 thrombocytopenia 245:260 suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia 219:260 suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) 219:266 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy in hospitalized patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). 28672052 1 47 theme suspected 219:227 arg1 HIT 263:265 HIT 263:265 HIT 263:265 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy in hospitalized patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). 28672052 1 47 theme suspected 219:227 arg1 thrombocytopenia 245:260 suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia 219:260 suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) 219:266 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy in hospitalized patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). 28672052 5 48 theme HIT-related 865:875 arg1 thrombosis 877:886 HIT-related thrombosis 865:886 HIT-related thrombosis prior to initiation of DOAC therapy 865:922 RESULTS A total of 12 patients were included for analysis, five of which experienced HIT-related thrombosis prior to initiation of DOAC therapy. 28672052 3 49 theme anti-PF4/heparin 569:584 arg1 assay 594:598 a positive IgG-specific anti-PF4/heparin complex assay 545:598 a positive IgG-specific anti-PF4/heparin complex assay 545:598 Eligibility requirements included an intermediate or high pretest probability for HIT (4T score≥4) and a positive IgG-specific anti-PF4/heparin complex assay. 28672052 5 50 theme DOAC 911:914 arg1 therapy 916:922 DOAC therapy 911:922 DOAC therapy 911:922 RESULTS A total of 12 patients were included for analysis, five of which experienced HIT-related thrombosis prior to initiation of DOAC therapy. 28672052 3 51 theme complex 586:592 arg1 assay 594:598 a positive IgG-specific anti-PF4/heparin complex assay 545:598 a positive IgG-specific anti-PF4/heparin complex assay 545:598 Eligibility requirements included an intermediate or high pretest probability for HIT (4T score≥4) and a positive IgG-specific anti-PF4/heparin complex assay. 28672052 2 52 from January 406:412 arg1 treatment 378:386 the treatment 374:386 the treatment of acute HIT from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017 374:439 METHODS Retrospective cohort study of adult patients prescribed apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban for the treatment of acute HIT from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017. 28672052 2 52 from January 406:412 arg1 HIT 397:399 acute HIT 391:399 acute HIT from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017 391:439 METHODS Retrospective cohort study of adult patients prescribed apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban for the treatment of acute HIT from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017. 28672052 3 53 theme high 495:498 arg1 probability 508:518 high pretest probability 495:518 high pretest probability 495:518 Eligibility requirements included an intermediate or high pretest probability for HIT (4T score≥4) and a positive IgG-specific anti-PF4/heparin complex assay. 28672052 10 54 from CONCLUSIONS 1353:1363 arg1 study 1393:1397 this small retrospective study 1368:1397 this small retrospective study of adult patients treated for acute HIT, treatment with DOAC therapy 1368:1466 CONCLUSIONS In this small retrospective study of adult patients treated for acute HIT, treatment with DOAC therapy was not associated with in-hospital thrombotic or hemorrhagic events. 28672052 2 55 theme Retrospective 277:289 arg1 study 298:302 Retrospective cohort study 277:302 METHODS Retrospective cohort study of adult patients prescribed apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban for the treatment of acute HIT from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017. 269:440 METHODS Retrospective cohort study of adult patients prescribed apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban for the treatment of acute HIT from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017. 28672052 10 56 theme small 1373:1377 arg1 study 1393:1397 this small retrospective study 1368:1397 this small retrospective study of adult patients treated for acute HIT, treatment with DOAC therapy 1368:1466 CONCLUSIONS In this small retrospective study of adult patients treated for acute HIT, treatment with DOAC therapy was not associated with in-hospital thrombotic or hemorrhagic events. 28672052 10 57 theme retrospective 1379:1391 arg1 study 1393:1397 this small retrospective study 1368:1397 this small retrospective study of adult patients treated for acute HIT, treatment with DOAC therapy 1368:1466 CONCLUSIONS In this small retrospective study of adult patients treated for acute HIT, treatment with DOAC therapy was not associated with in-hospital thrombotic or hemorrhagic events. 28672052 1 58 theme heparin-induced 229:243 arg1 HIT 263:265 HIT 263:265 HIT 263:265 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy in hospitalized patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). 28672052 1 58 theme heparin-induced 229:243 arg1 thrombocytopenia 245:260 suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia 219:260 suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) 219:266 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy in hospitalized patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). 28672052 9 59 theme platelet 1305:1312 arg1 recovery 1314:1321 platelet recovery 1305:1321 platelet recovery 1305:1321 All patients achieved platelet recovery while receiving DOAC therapy. 28672052 4 60 theme amputation 715:724 arg1 composite 637:645 the composite 633:645 the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia 633:754 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 4 60 theme amputation 715:724 arg1 gangrene 702:709 gangrene 702:709 gangrene 702:709 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 4 60 theme amputation 715:724 arg1 amputation 715:724 amputation 715:724 amputation 715:724 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 4 60 theme amputation 715:724 arg1 thromboembolism 685:699 newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism 650:699 newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism 650:699 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 4 60 theme amputation 715:724 arg1 measure 621:627 The primary outcome measure 601:627 The primary outcome measure 601:627 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 0 61 theme heparin-induced 65:79 arg1 thrombocytopenia 81:96 suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia 55:96 suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia 55:96 Direct acting oral anticoagulants for the treatment of suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. 28672052 3 62 theme Eligibility 442:452 arg1 requirements 454:465 Eligibility requirements 442:465 Eligibility requirements 442:465 Eligibility requirements included an intermediate or high pretest probability for HIT (4T score≥4) and a positive IgG-specific anti-PF4/heparin complex assay. 28672052 2 63 dep January 406:412 arg1 January 425:431 January 425:431 January 425:431 METHODS Retrospective cohort study of adult patients prescribed apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban for the treatment of acute HIT from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017. 28672052 2 63 dep January 406:412 arg1 to 422:423 to 422:423 to 422:423 METHODS Retrospective cohort study of adult patients prescribed apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban for the treatment of acute HIT from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017. 28672052 5 64 theme analysis 829:836 arg1 five 839:842 five 839:842 five 839:842 RESULTS A total of 12 patients were included for analysis, five of which experienced HIT-related thrombosis prior to initiation of DOAC therapy. 28672052 5 64 theme analysis 829:836 arg1 analysis 829:836 analysis 829:836 analysis 829:836 RESULTS A total of 12 patients were included for analysis, five of which experienced HIT-related thrombosis prior to initiation of DOAC therapy. 28672052 1 65 theme direct 148:153 arg1 therapy 181:187 direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy 148:187 direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy 148:187 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy in hospitalized patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). 28672052 0 66 theme suspected 55:63 arg1 thrombocytopenia 81:96 suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia 55:96 suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia 55:96 Direct acting oral anticoagulants for the treatment of suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. 28672052 10 67 theme patients 1408:1415 arg1 study 1393:1397 this small retrospective study 1368:1397 this small retrospective study of adult patients treated for acute HIT, treatment with DOAC therapy 1368:1466 CONCLUSIONS In this small retrospective study of adult patients treated for acute HIT, treatment with DOAC therapy was not associated with in-hospital thrombotic or hemorrhagic events. 28672052 1 68 theme oral 155:158 arg1 therapy 181:187 direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy 148:187 direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy 148:187 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy in hospitalized patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). 28672052 6 69 theme parenteral 949:958 arg1 therapy 960:966 parenteral therapy 949:966 parenteral therapy with argatroban 949:982 Seven patients received parenteral therapy with argatroban prior to initiation of DOAC treatment. 28672052 4 70 theme outcome 613:619 arg1 composite 637:645 the composite 633:645 the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia 633:754 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 4 70 theme outcome 613:619 arg1 gangrene 702:709 gangrene 702:709 gangrene 702:709 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 4 70 theme outcome 613:619 arg1 amputation 715:724 amputation 715:724 amputation 715:724 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 4 70 theme outcome 613:619 arg1 thromboembolism 685:699 newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism 650:699 newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism 650:699 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 28672052 4 70 theme outcome 613:619 arg1 measure 621:627 The primary outcome measure 601:627 The primary outcome measure 601:627 The primary outcome measure was the composite of newly diagnosed venous or arterial thromboembolism, gangrene, or amputation due to critical limb ischemia during hospitalization. 25394651 6 0 theme haptoglobin 1070:1080 arg1 values 1033:1038 significantly higher HOMA-IR values 1004:1038 significantly higher HOMA-IR values 1004:1038 RESULTS Patients with NASH (NAFLD activity score of ≥5) had significantly higher HOMA-IR values and serum levels of visfatin, haptoglobin, and zonulin as compared with those without NASH on histological examination. 25394651 6 0 theme haptoglobin 1070:1080 arg1 levels 1050:1055 serum levels 1044:1055 serum levels 1044:1055 RESULTS Patients with NASH (NAFLD activity score of ≥5) had significantly higher HOMA-IR values and serum levels of visfatin, haptoglobin, and zonulin as compared with those without NASH on histological examination. 25394651 8 1 theme % 1557:1557 arg1 sensitivity 1540:1550 a sensitivity 1538:1550 a sensitivity of 75% 1538:1557 Based on these variables, we constructed a scoring system that differentiated between NAFLD patients with and without advanced fibrosis with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 100% (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.93). 25394651 8 1 theme % 1557:1557 arg1 specificity 1563:1573 specificity 1563:1573 specificity of 100% 1563:1581 Based on these variables, we constructed a scoring system that differentiated between NAFLD patients with and without advanced fibrosis with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 100% (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.93). 25394651 0 2 theme fatty 185:189 arg1 disease 197:203 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 172:203 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 172:203 A composite model including visfatin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen, hyaluronic acid, and hematological variables for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a preliminary study. 25394651 1 3 theme end-stage 275:283 arg1 failure 291:297 end-stage liver failure 275:297 end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 275:355 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors for end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis. 25394651 3 4 theme new 557:559 arg1 variables 572:580 new laboratory variables 557:580 new laboratory variables 557:580 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate new laboratory variables with a predictive potential to detect advanced fibrosis (stages 2 and 3) in NAFLD. 25394651 8 5 theme characteristic 1618:1631 arg1 curve 1633:1637 the receiver operating characteristic curve 1595:1637 the receiver operating characteristic curve 1595:1637 Based on these variables, we constructed a scoring system that differentiated between NAFLD patients with and without advanced fibrosis with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 100% (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.93). 25394651 0 6 dep study 220:224 arg1 model 12:16 A composite model 0:16 A composite model including visfatin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen, hyaluronic acid, and hematological variables for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 0:203 A composite model including visfatin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen, hyaluronic acid, and hematological variables for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a preliminary study. 25394651 10 7 theme patients 1879:1886 arg1 number 1869:1874 a larger number 1860:1874 a larger number of patients 1860:1886 However, its clinical utility should be verified in further studies involving a larger number of patients. 25394651 5 8 theme tissue 864:869 arg1 TPSA 901:904 TPSA 901:904 TPSA 901:904 Additional laboratory variables included zonulin, haptoglobin, visfatin, adiponectin, leptin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPSA), hyaluronic acid, and interleukin 6. 25394651 5 8 theme tissue 864:869 arg1 antigen 892:898 tissue polypeptide-specific antigen 864:898 tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPSA) 864:905 Additional laboratory variables included zonulin, haptoglobin, visfatin, adiponectin, leptin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPSA), hyaluronic acid, and interleukin 6. 25394651 1 9 with patients 302:309 arg1 NAFLD 350:354 NAFLD 350:354 NAFLD 350:354 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors for end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis. 25394651 1 9 with patients 302:309 arg1 disease 341:347 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 316:347 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 316:355 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors for end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis. 25394651 1 10 from failure 291:297 arg1 patients 302:309 patients 302:309 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 302:355 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors for end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis. 25394651 1 11 theme liver 414:418 arg1 fibrosis 420:427 advanced liver fibrosis 405:427 advanced liver fibrosis 405:427 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors for end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis. 25394651 0 12 from antigen 66:72 arg1 disease 197:203 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 172:203 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 172:203 A composite model including visfatin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen, hyaluronic acid, and hematological variables for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a preliminary study. 25394651 7 13 theme blood 1311:1315 arg1 distribution 1322:1333 red blood cell distribution width 1307:1339 red blood cell distribution width 1307:1339 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 0 14 theme moderate-to-severe 141:158 arg1 fibrosis 160:167 moderate-to-severe fibrosis 141:167 moderate-to-severe fibrosis 141:167 A composite model including visfatin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen, hyaluronic acid, and hematological variables for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a preliminary study. 25394651 8 15 dep area 1584:1587 arg1 0.93 1640:1643 0.93 1640:1643 0.93 1640:1643 Based on these variables, we constructed a scoring system that differentiated between NAFLD patients with and without advanced fibrosis with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 100% (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.93). 25394651 6 16 dep NASH 966:969 arg1 score 987:991 NAFLD activity score 972:991 NAFLD activity score of ≥5 972:997 RESULTS Patients with NASH (NAFLD activity score of ≥5) had significantly higher HOMA-IR values and serum levels of visfatin, haptoglobin, and zonulin as compared with those without NASH on histological examination. 25394651 7 17 theme erythrocyte 1286:1296 arg1 count 1298:1302 erythrocyte count 1286:1302 erythrocyte count 1286:1302 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 6 18 theme ≥5 996:997 arg1 score 987:991 NAFLD activity score 972:991 NAFLD activity score of ≥5 972:997 RESULTS Patients with NASH (NAFLD activity score of ≥5) had significantly higher HOMA-IR values and serum levels of visfatin, haptoglobin, and zonulin as compared with those without NASH on histological examination. 25394651 0 19 theme hyaluronic 75:84 arg1 acid 86:89 hyaluronic acid 75:89 hyaluronic acid 75:89 A composite model including visfatin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen, hyaluronic acid, and hematological variables for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a preliminary study. 25394651 4 20 theme severity 760:767 arg1 NAFLD 744:748 histologically proven NAFLD 722:748 histologically proven NAFLD of varied severity 722:767 PATIENTS AND METHODS The study involved 70 patients with histologically proven NAFLD of varied severity. 25394651 9 21 dep CONCLUSIONS 1647:1657 arg1 allows 1707:1712 allows 1707:1712 allows to predict advanced fibrosis with high sensitivity and specificity 1707:1779 CONCLUSIONS The scoring system based on the above variables allows to predict advanced fibrosis with high sensitivity and specificity. 25394651 6 22 theme NAFLD 972:976 arg1 score 987:991 NAFLD activity score 972:991 NAFLD activity score of ≥5 972:997 RESULTS Patients with NASH (NAFLD activity score of ≥5) had significantly higher HOMA-IR values and serum levels of visfatin, haptoglobin, and zonulin as compared with those without NASH on histological examination. 25394651 9 23 theme above 1691:1695 arg1 variables 1697:1705 the above variables 1687:1705 the above variables 1687:1705 CONCLUSIONS The scoring system based on the above variables allows to predict advanced fibrosis with high sensitivity and specificity. 25394651 8 24 theme scoring 1440:1446 arg1 system 1448:1453 a scoring system 1438:1453 a scoring system that differentiated between NAFLD patients with and without advanced fibrosis with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 100% (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.93) 1438:1644 Based on these variables, we constructed a scoring system that differentiated between NAFLD patients with and without advanced fibrosis with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 100% (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.93). 25394651 6 25 contain had 1000:1002 arg2 levels 1050:1055 serum levels 1044:1055 serum levels 1044:1055 RESULTS Patients with NASH (NAFLD activity score of ≥5) had significantly higher HOMA-IR values and serum levels of visfatin, haptoglobin, and zonulin as compared with those without NASH on histological examination. 25394651 6 25 contain had 1000:1002 arg1 Patients 952:959 Patients 952:959 Patients with NASH (NAFLD activity score of ≥5) 952:998 RESULTS Patients with NASH (NAFLD activity score of ≥5) had significantly higher HOMA-IR values and serum levels of visfatin, haptoglobin, and zonulin as compared with those without NASH on histological examination. 25394651 6 25 contain had 1000:1002 arg2 values 1033:1038 significantly higher HOMA-IR values 1004:1038 significantly higher HOMA-IR values 1004:1038 RESULTS Patients with NASH (NAFLD activity score of ≥5) had significantly higher HOMA-IR values and serum levels of visfatin, haptoglobin, and zonulin as compared with those without NASH on histological examination. 25394651 0 26 theme hematological 96:108 arg1 variables 110:118 hematological variables 96:118 hematological variables 96:118 A composite model including visfatin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen, hyaluronic acid, and hematological variables for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a preliminary study. 25394651 2 27 theme diagnostic 462:471 arg1 methods 473:479 noninvasive diagnostic methods 450:479 noninvasive diagnostic methods 450:479 There is a need for noninvasive diagnostic methods for these 2 conditions. 25394651 0 28 from visfatin 28:35 arg1 disease 197:203 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 172:203 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 172:203 A composite model including visfatin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen, hyaluronic acid, and hematological variables for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a preliminary study. 25394651 4 29 theme proven 737:742 arg1 NAFLD 744:748 histologically proven NAFLD 722:748 histologically proven NAFLD of varied severity 722:767 PATIENTS AND METHODS The study involved 70 patients with histologically proven NAFLD of varied severity. 25394651 7 30 theme Advanced 1160:1167 arg1 fibrosis 1169:1176 Advanced fibrosis 1160:1176 Advanced fibrosis 1160:1176 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 6 31 theme serum 1044:1048 arg1 levels 1050:1055 serum levels 1044:1055 serum levels 1044:1055 RESULTS Patients with NASH (NAFLD activity score of ≥5) had significantly higher HOMA-IR values and serum levels of visfatin, haptoglobin, and zonulin as compared with those without NASH on histological examination. 25394651 6 32 from NASH 1126:1129 arg1 examination 1147:1157 histological examination 1134:1157 histological examination 1134:1157 RESULTS Patients with NASH (NAFLD activity score of ≥5) had significantly higher HOMA-IR values and serum levels of visfatin, haptoglobin, and zonulin as compared with those without NASH on histological examination. 25394651 1 33 theme fatty 329:333 arg1 NAFLD 350:354 NAFLD 350:354 NAFLD 350:354 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors for end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis. 25394651 1 33 theme fatty 329:333 arg1 disease 341:347 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 316:347 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 316:355 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors for end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis. 25394651 6 34 theme higher 1018:1023 arg1 values 1033:1038 significantly higher HOMA-IR values 1004:1038 significantly higher HOMA-IR values 1004:1038 RESULTS Patients with NASH (NAFLD activity score of ≥5) had significantly higher HOMA-IR values and serum levels of visfatin, haptoglobin, and zonulin as compared with those without NASH on histological examination. 25394651 9 35 theme high 1748:1751 arg1 sensitivity 1753:1763 high sensitivity 1748:1763 high sensitivity 1748:1763 CONCLUSIONS The scoring system based on the above variables allows to predict advanced fibrosis with high sensitivity and specificity. 25394651 7 36 located found 1182:1186 arg1 patients 1194:1201 16 patients 1191:1201 16 patients (22.9%) 1191:1209 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 7 36 located found 1182:1186 arg1 % 1208:1208 22.9% 1204:1208 22.9% 1204:1208 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 7 36 located found 1182:1186 arg2 fibrosis 1169:1176 Advanced fibrosis 1160:1176 Advanced fibrosis 1160:1176 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 0 37 theme tissue 38:43 arg1 antigen 66:72 tissue polypeptide-specific antigen 38:72 tissue polypeptide-specific antigen 38:72 A composite model including visfatin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen, hyaluronic acid, and hematological variables for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a preliminary study. 25394651 8 38 theme advanced 1515:1522 arg1 fibrosis 1524:1531 advanced fibrosis 1515:1531 advanced fibrosis 1515:1531 Based on these variables, we constructed a scoring system that differentiated between NAFLD patients with and without advanced fibrosis with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 100% (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.93). 25394651 10 39 theme clinical 1795:1802 arg1 utility 1804:1810 its clinical utility 1791:1810 its clinical utility 1791:1810 However, its clinical utility should be verified in further studies involving a larger number of patients. 25394651 1 40 theme INTRODUCTION 227:238 arg1 factors 263:269 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors 227:269 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors for end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 227:355 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors for end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis. 25394651 7 41 theme serum 1362:1366 arg1 levels 1368:1373 serum levels 1362:1373 serum levels of visfatin and TPSA 1362:1394 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 6 42 theme zonulin 1087:1093 arg1 values 1033:1038 significantly higher HOMA-IR values 1004:1038 significantly higher HOMA-IR values 1004:1038 RESULTS Patients with NASH (NAFLD activity score of ≥5) had significantly higher HOMA-IR values and serum levels of visfatin, haptoglobin, and zonulin as compared with those without NASH on histological examination. 25394651 6 42 theme zonulin 1087:1093 arg1 levels 1050:1055 serum levels 1044:1055 serum levels 1044:1055 RESULTS Patients with NASH (NAFLD activity score of ≥5) had significantly higher HOMA-IR values and serum levels of visfatin, haptoglobin, and zonulin as compared with those without NASH on histological examination. 25394651 8 43 theme % 1581:1581 arg1 sensitivity 1540:1550 a sensitivity 1538:1550 a sensitivity of 75% 1538:1557 Based on these variables, we constructed a scoring system that differentiated between NAFLD patients with and without advanced fibrosis with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 100% (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.93). 25394651 8 43 theme % 1581:1581 arg1 specificity 1563:1573 specificity 1563:1573 specificity of 100% 1563:1581 Based on these variables, we constructed a scoring system that differentiated between NAFLD patients with and without advanced fibrosis with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 100% (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.93). 25394651 1 44 theme risk 258:261 arg1 factors 263:269 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors 227:269 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors for end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 227:355 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors for end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis. 25394651 4 45 with patients 708:715 arg1 NAFLD 744:748 histologically proven NAFLD 722:748 histologically proven NAFLD of varied severity 722:767 PATIENTS AND METHODS The study involved 70 patients with histologically proven NAFLD of varied severity. 25394651 0 46 theme liver 191:195 arg1 disease 197:203 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 172:203 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 172:203 A composite model including visfatin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen, hyaluronic acid, and hematological variables for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a preliminary study. 25394651 10 47 theme further 1834:1840 arg1 studies 1842:1848 further studies 1834:1848 further studies involving a larger number of patients 1834:1886 However, its clinical utility should be verified in further studies involving a larger number of patients. 25394651 1 48 theme liver 285:289 arg1 failure 291:297 end-stage liver failure 275:297 end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 275:355 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors for end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis. 25394651 7 49 theme TPSA 1391:1394 arg1 count 1351:1355 platelet count 1342:1355 platelet count 1342:1355 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 7 49 theme TPSA 1391:1394 arg1 ratio 1277:1281 the ratio 1273:1281 the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width 1273:1339 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 7 49 theme TPSA 1391:1394 arg1 age 1268:1270 age 1268:1270 age 1268:1270 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 7 49 theme TPSA 1391:1394 arg1 levels 1368:1373 serum levels 1362:1373 serum levels of visfatin and TPSA 1362:1394 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 7 49 theme TPSA 1391:1394 arg1 factors 1224:1230 the risk factors 1215:1230 the risk factors associated with its prevalence 1215:1261 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 6 50 with Patients 952:959 arg1 NASH 966:969 NASH 966:969 NASH (NAFLD activity score of ≥5) 966:998 RESULTS Patients with NASH (NAFLD activity score of ≥5) had significantly higher HOMA-IR values and serum levels of visfatin, haptoglobin, and zonulin as compared with those without NASH on histological examination. 25394651 0 51 theme preliminary 208:218 arg1 study 220:224 a preliminary study 206:224 a preliminary study 206:224 A composite model including visfatin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen, hyaluronic acid, and hematological variables for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a preliminary study. 25394651 8 52 theme operating 1608:1616 arg1 curve 1633:1637 the receiver operating characteristic curve 1595:1637 the receiver operating characteristic curve 1595:1637 Based on these variables, we constructed a scoring system that differentiated between NAFLD patients with and without advanced fibrosis with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 100% (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.93). 25394651 7 53 theme visfatin 1378:1385 arg1 count 1351:1355 platelet count 1342:1355 platelet count 1342:1355 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 7 53 theme visfatin 1378:1385 arg1 ratio 1277:1281 the ratio 1273:1281 the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width 1273:1339 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 7 53 theme visfatin 1378:1385 arg1 age 1268:1270 age 1268:1270 age 1268:1270 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 7 53 theme visfatin 1378:1385 arg1 levels 1368:1373 serum levels 1362:1373 serum levels of visfatin and TPSA 1362:1394 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 7 53 theme visfatin 1378:1385 arg1 factors 1224:1230 the risk factors 1215:1230 the risk factors associated with its prevalence 1215:1261 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 6 54 theme histological 1134:1145 arg1 examination 1147:1157 histological examination 1134:1157 histological examination 1134:1157 RESULTS Patients with NASH (NAFLD activity score of ≥5) had significantly higher HOMA-IR values and serum levels of visfatin, haptoglobin, and zonulin as compared with those without NASH on histological examination. 25394651 5 55 theme Additional 770:779 arg1 variables 792:800 Additional laboratory variables 770:800 Additional laboratory variables 770:800 Additional laboratory variables included zonulin, haptoglobin, visfatin, adiponectin, leptin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPSA), hyaluronic acid, and interleukin 6. 25394651 5 56 theme polypeptide-specific 871:890 arg1 TPSA 901:904 TPSA 901:904 TPSA 901:904 Additional laboratory variables included zonulin, haptoglobin, visfatin, adiponectin, leptin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPSA), hyaluronic acid, and interleukin 6. 25394651 5 56 theme polypeptide-specific 871:890 arg1 antigen 892:898 tissue polypeptide-specific antigen 864:898 tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPSA) 864:905 Additional laboratory variables included zonulin, haptoglobin, visfatin, adiponectin, leptin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPSA), hyaluronic acid, and interleukin 6. 25394651 3 57 theme laboratory 561:570 arg1 variables 572:580 new laboratory variables 557:580 new laboratory variables 557:580 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate new laboratory variables with a predictive potential to detect advanced fibrosis (stages 2 and 3) in NAFLD. 25394651 0 58 from acid 86:89 arg1 disease 197:203 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 172:203 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 172:203 A composite model including visfatin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen, hyaluronic acid, and hematological variables for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a preliminary study. 25394651 7 59 theme platelet 1342:1349 arg1 count 1351:1355 platelet count 1342:1355 platelet count 1342:1355 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 10 60 theme larger 1862:1867 arg1 number 1869:1874 a larger number 1860:1874 a larger number of patients 1860:1886 However, its clinical utility should be verified in further studies involving a larger number of patients. 25394651 1 61 theme advanced 405:412 arg1 fibrosis 420:427 advanced liver fibrosis 405:427 advanced liver fibrosis 405:427 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors for end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis. 25394651 6 62 dep RESULTS 944:950 arg1 had 1000:1002 had 1000:1002 had significantly higher HOMA-IR values and serum levels of visfatin, haptoglobin, and zonulin as compared with those without NASH on histological examination 1000:1157 RESULTS Patients with NASH (NAFLD activity score of ≥5) had significantly higher HOMA-IR values and serum levels of visfatin, haptoglobin, and zonulin as compared with those without NASH on histological examination. 25394651 0 63 theme fibrosis 160:167 arg1 diagnosis 128:136 the diagnosis 124:136 the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe fibrosis 124:167 A composite model including visfatin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen, hyaluronic acid, and hematological variables for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a preliminary study. 25394651 3 64 theme predictive 589:598 arg1 potential 600:608 a predictive potential 587:608 a predictive potential to detect advanced fibrosis (stages 2 and 3) in NAFLD 587:662 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate new laboratory variables with a predictive potential to detect advanced fibrosis (stages 2 and 3) in NAFLD. 25394651 5 65 theme hyaluronic 908:917 arg1 acid 919:922 hyaluronic acid 908:922 hyaluronic acid 908:922 Additional laboratory variables included zonulin, haptoglobin, visfatin, adiponectin, leptin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPSA), hyaluronic acid, and interleukin 6. 25394651 0 66 from variables 110:118 arg1 disease 197:203 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 172:203 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 172:203 A composite model including visfatin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen, hyaluronic acid, and hematological variables for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a preliminary study. 25394651 7 67 theme cell 1317:1320 arg1 distribution 1322:1333 red blood cell distribution width 1307:1339 red blood cell distribution width 1307:1339 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 0 68 theme nonalcoholic 172:183 arg1 disease 197:203 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 172:203 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 172:203 A composite model including visfatin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen, hyaluronic acid, and hematological variables for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a preliminary study. 25394651 7 69 theme red 1307:1309 arg1 distribution 1322:1333 red blood cell distribution width 1307:1339 red blood cell distribution width 1307:1339 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 3 70 theme advanced 620:627 arg1 fibrosis 629:636 advanced fibrosis 620:636 advanced fibrosis (stages 2 and 3) 620:653 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate new laboratory variables with a predictive potential to detect advanced fibrosis (stages 2 and 3) in NAFLD. 25394651 3 70 theme advanced 620:627 arg1 stages 639:644 stages 2 and 3 639:652 stages 2 and 3 639:652 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate new laboratory variables with a predictive potential to detect advanced fibrosis (stages 2 and 3) in NAFLD. 25394651 9 71 theme scoring 1663:1669 arg1 system 1671:1676 The scoring system 1659:1676 The scoring system based on the above variables 1659:1705 CONCLUSIONS The scoring system based on the above variables allows to predict advanced fibrosis with high sensitivity and specificity. 25394651 7 72 theme count 1298:1302 arg1 count 1351:1355 platelet count 1342:1355 platelet count 1342:1355 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 7 72 theme count 1298:1302 arg1 ratio 1277:1281 the ratio 1273:1281 the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width 1273:1339 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 7 72 theme count 1298:1302 arg1 age 1268:1270 age 1268:1270 age 1268:1270 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 7 72 theme count 1298:1302 arg1 levels 1368:1373 serum levels 1362:1373 serum levels of visfatin and TPSA 1362:1394 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 7 72 theme count 1298:1302 arg1 factors 1224:1230 the risk factors 1215:1230 the risk factors associated with its prevalence 1215:1261 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 8 73 dep differentiated 1460:1473 arg1 area 1584:1587 area 1584:1587 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 1584:1637 Based on these variables, we constructed a scoring system that differentiated between NAFLD patients with and without advanced fibrosis with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 100% (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.93). 25394651 1 74 theme nonalcoholic 365:376 arg1 NASH 395:398 NASH 395:398 NASH 395:398 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors for end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis. 25394651 1 74 theme nonalcoholic 365:376 arg1 steatohepatitis 378:392 nonalcoholic steatohepatitis 365:392 nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) 365:399 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors for end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis. 25394651 6 75 theme activity 978:985 arg1 score 987:991 NAFLD activity score 972:991 NAFLD activity score of ≥5 972:997 RESULTS Patients with NASH (NAFLD activity score of ≥5) had significantly higher HOMA-IR values and serum levels of visfatin, haptoglobin, and zonulin as compared with those without NASH on histological examination. 25394651 4 76 theme varied 753:758 arg1 severity 760:767 varied severity 753:767 varied severity 753:767 PATIENTS AND METHODS The study involved 70 patients with histologically proven NAFLD of varied severity. 25394651 3 77 dep OBJECTIVES 505:514 arg1 was 538:540 was 538:540 was to investigate new laboratory variables with a predictive potential to detect advanced fibrosis (stages 2 and 3) in NAFLD 538:662 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate new laboratory variables with a predictive potential to detect advanced fibrosis (stages 2 and 3) in NAFLD. 25394651 6 78 theme visfatin 1060:1067 arg1 values 1033:1038 significantly higher HOMA-IR values 1004:1038 significantly higher HOMA-IR values 1004:1038 RESULTS Patients with NASH (NAFLD activity score of ≥5) had significantly higher HOMA-IR values and serum levels of visfatin, haptoglobin, and zonulin as compared with those without NASH on histological examination. 25394651 6 78 theme visfatin 1060:1067 arg1 levels 1050:1055 serum levels 1044:1055 serum levels 1044:1055 RESULTS Patients with NASH (NAFLD activity score of ≥5) had significantly higher HOMA-IR values and serum levels of visfatin, haptoglobin, and zonulin as compared with those without NASH on histological examination. 25394651 0 79 theme composite 2:10 arg1 model 12:16 A composite model 0:16 A composite model including visfatin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen, hyaluronic acid, and hematological variables for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 0:203 A composite model including visfatin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen, hyaluronic acid, and hematological variables for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a preliminary study. 25394651 2 80 theme noninvasive 450:460 arg1 methods 473:479 noninvasive diagnostic methods 450:479 noninvasive diagnostic methods 450:479 There is a need for noninvasive diagnostic methods for these 2 conditions. 25394651 8 81 theme NAFLD 1483:1487 arg1 patients 1489:1496 NAFLD patients 1483:1496 NAFLD patients with and without advanced fibrosis 1483:1531 Based on these variables, we constructed a scoring system that differentiated between NAFLD patients with and without advanced fibrosis with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 100% (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.93). 25394651 9 82 theme advanced 1725:1732 arg1 fibrosis 1734:1741 advanced fibrosis 1725:1741 advanced fibrosis 1725:1741 CONCLUSIONS The scoring system based on the above variables allows to predict advanced fibrosis with high sensitivity and specificity. 25394651 5 83 theme laboratory 781:790 arg1 variables 792:800 Additional laboratory variables 770:800 Additional laboratory variables 770:800 Additional laboratory variables included zonulin, haptoglobin, visfatin, adiponectin, leptin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPSA), hyaluronic acid, and interleukin 6. 25394651 1 84 theme nonalcoholic 316:327 arg1 NAFLD 350:354 NAFLD 350:354 NAFLD 350:354 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors for end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis. 25394651 1 84 theme nonalcoholic 316:327 arg1 disease 341:347 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 316:347 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 316:355 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors for end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis. 25394651 6 85 theme HOMA-IR 1025:1031 arg1 values 1033:1038 significantly higher HOMA-IR values 1004:1038 significantly higher HOMA-IR values 1004:1038 RESULTS Patients with NASH (NAFLD activity score of ≥5) had significantly higher HOMA-IR values and serum levels of visfatin, haptoglobin, and zonulin as compared with those without NASH on histological examination. 25394651 0 86 theme polypeptide-specific 45:64 arg1 antigen 66:72 tissue polypeptide-specific antigen 38:72 tissue polypeptide-specific antigen 38:72 A composite model including visfatin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen, hyaluronic acid, and hematological variables for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a preliminary study. 25394651 1 87 theme liver 335:339 arg1 NAFLD 350:354 NAFLD 350:354 NAFLD 350:354 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors for end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis. 25394651 1 87 theme liver 335:339 arg1 disease 341:347 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 316:347 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 316:355 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors for end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis. 25394651 4 88 dep PATIENTS 665:672 arg1 study 690:694 The study 686:694 PATIENTS AND METHODS The study 665:694 PATIENTS AND METHODS The study involved 70 patients with histologically proven NAFLD of varied severity. 25394651 7 89 theme risk 1219:1222 arg1 factors 1224:1230 the risk factors 1215:1230 the risk factors associated with its prevalence 1215:1261 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 7 89 theme risk 1219:1222 arg1 age 1268:1270 age 1268:1270 age 1268:1270 Advanced fibrosis was found in 16 patients (22.9%) and the risk factors associated with its prevalence were age, the ratio of erythrocyte count to red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and serum levels of visfatin and TPSA. 25394651 1 90 theme Histopathological 240:256 arg1 factors 263:269 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors 227:269 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors for end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 227:355 INTRODUCTION Histopathological risk factors for end-stage liver failure in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis. 25394651 3 91 theme study 532:536 arg1 aim 520:522 The aim 516:522 The aim of this study 516:536 OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate new laboratory variables with a predictive potential to detect advanced fibrosis (stages 2 and 3) in NAFLD. 23589442 7 0 theme composite 629:637 arg1 Ch/HA 639:643 composite Ch/HA 629:643 composite Ch/HA 629:643 Resultantly, physical properties of composite Ch/HA, including water-in-air contact angle, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and breaking elongation were favorably modified. 23589442 1 1 theme biomaterials 146:157 arg1 biomaterials 146:157 the most commonly used natural biomaterials 115:157 the most commonly used natural biomaterials 115:157 Chitosan (Ch) is one of the most commonly used natural biomaterials. 23589442 1 1 theme biomaterials 146:157 arg1 one 108:110 one 108:110 one 108:110 Chitosan (Ch) is one of the most commonly used natural biomaterials. 23589442 7 2 theme elastic 702:708 arg1 modulus 710:716 elastic modulus 702:716 elastic modulus 702:716 Resultantly, physical properties of composite Ch/HA, including water-in-air contact angle, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and breaking elongation were favorably modified. 23589442 3 3 theme teeth 301:305 arg1 component 275:283 a component 273:283 a component of skeleton and teeth with good biocompatibility 273:332 Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a component of skeleton and teeth with good biocompatibility. 23589442 3 3 theme teeth 301:305 arg1 Hydroxyapatite 250:263 Hydroxyapatite 250:263 Hydroxyapatite (HA) 250:268 Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a component of skeleton and teeth with good biocompatibility. 23589442 7 4 theme physical 606:613 arg1 properties 615:624 physical properties 606:624 physical properties 606:624 Resultantly, physical properties of composite Ch/HA, including water-in-air contact angle, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and breaking elongation were favorably modified. 23589442 7 4 theme physical 606:613 arg1 strength 692:699 tensile strength 684:699 tensile strength 684:699 Resultantly, physical properties of composite Ch/HA, including water-in-air contact angle, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and breaking elongation were favorably modified. 23589442 7 4 theme physical 606:613 arg1 modulus 710:716 elastic modulus 702:716 elastic modulus 702:716 Resultantly, physical properties of composite Ch/HA, including water-in-air contact angle, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and breaking elongation were favorably modified. 23589442 7 4 theme physical 606:613 arg1 angle 677:681 water-in-air contact angle 656:681 water-in-air contact angle 656:681 Resultantly, physical properties of composite Ch/HA, including water-in-air contact angle, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and breaking elongation were favorably modified. 23589442 7 4 theme physical 606:613 arg1 elongation 732:741 breaking elongation 723:741 breaking elongation 723:741 Resultantly, physical properties of composite Ch/HA, including water-in-air contact angle, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and breaking elongation were favorably modified. 23589442 7 5 theme Ch/HA 639:643 arg1 properties 615:624 physical properties 606:624 physical properties 606:624 Resultantly, physical properties of composite Ch/HA, including water-in-air contact angle, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and breaking elongation were favorably modified. 23589442 7 5 theme Ch/HA 639:643 arg1 strength 692:699 tensile strength 684:699 tensile strength 684:699 Resultantly, physical properties of composite Ch/HA, including water-in-air contact angle, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and breaking elongation were favorably modified. 23589442 7 5 theme Ch/HA 639:643 arg1 modulus 710:716 elastic modulus 702:716 elastic modulus 702:716 Resultantly, physical properties of composite Ch/HA, including water-in-air contact angle, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and breaking elongation were favorably modified. 23589442 7 5 theme Ch/HA 639:643 arg1 angle 677:681 water-in-air contact angle 656:681 water-in-air contact angle 656:681 Resultantly, physical properties of composite Ch/HA, including water-in-air contact angle, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and breaking elongation were favorably modified. 23589442 7 5 theme Ch/HA 639:643 arg1 elongation 732:741 breaking elongation 723:741 breaking elongation 723:741 Resultantly, physical properties of composite Ch/HA, including water-in-air contact angle, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and breaking elongation were favorably modified. 23589442 9 6 dep better 993:998 arg1 adhesion 1018:1025 adhesion 1018:1025 adhesion 1018:1025 3-(4,5-Dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and morphological features showed better proliferation and adhesion of MSCs on Ch/HA films. 23589442 9 6 dep better 993:998 arg1 proliferation 1000:1012 proliferation 1000:1012 proliferation 1000:1012 3-(4,5-Dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and morphological features showed better proliferation and adhesion of MSCs on Ch/HA films. 23589442 12 7 theme tissue 1443:1448 arg1 engineering 1450:1460 bone tissue engineering 1438:1460 bone tissue engineering 1438:1460 This can be a promising approach to modify Ch for its applications in bone tissue engineering. 23589442 4 8 dep method 369:374 arg1 functions 426:434 functions 426:434 functions on it 426:440 Combination with HA may be a good method to modify Ch to facilitate cellular behaviors and functions on it. 23589442 4 8 dep method 369:374 arg1 modify 379:384 modify 379:384 to modify Ch to facilitate cellular behaviors 376:420 Combination with HA may be a good method to modify Ch to facilitate cellular behaviors and functions on it. 23589442 10 9 theme collagen 1174:1181 arg1 level 1139:1143 modified transcription level 1116:1143 modified transcription level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and induced ALP activity 1116:1237 Osteodifferentiation of MSCs on Ch/HA was promoted, indicated by modified transcription level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and induced ALP activity. 23589442 11 10 theme MSCs 1362:1365 arg1 osteodifferentiation 1338:1357 osteodifferentiation 1338:1357 osteodifferentiation of MSCs 1338:1365 These data suggest biocompatibility of Ch is modified after being blended with HA, which promotes osteodifferentiation of MSCs. 23589442 0 11 from Osteodifferentiation 0:19 arg1 films 84:88 chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite films 50:88 chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite films 50:88 Osteodifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite films. 23589442 4 12 theme good 364:367 arg1 method 369:374 a good method 362:374 a good method to modify Ch to facilitate cellular behaviors and functions on it 362:440 Combination with HA may be a good method to modify Ch to facilitate cellular behaviors and functions on it. 23589442 4 12 theme good 364:367 arg1 Combination 335:345 Combination 335:345 Combination with HA 335:353 Combination with HA may be a good method to modify Ch to facilitate cellular behaviors and functions on it. 23589442 9 13 theme morphological 963:975 arg1 features 977:984 morphological features 963:984 morphological features 963:984 3-(4,5-Dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and morphological features showed better proliferation and adhesion of MSCs on Ch/HA films. 23589442 2 14 from Osteodifferentiation 160:179 arg1 Ch 217:218 Ch 217:218 Ch 217:218 Osteodifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on Ch has drawn extensive interest. 23589442 10 15 theme MSCs 1075:1078 arg1 Osteodifferentiation 1051:1070 Osteodifferentiation 1051:1070 Osteodifferentiation of MSCs on Ch/HA 1051:1087 Osteodifferentiation of MSCs on Ch/HA was promoted, indicated by modified transcription level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and induced ALP activity. 23589442 9 16 theme Ch/HA 1038:1042 arg1 films 1044:1048 Ch/HA films 1038:1048 Ch/HA films 1038:1048 3-(4,5-Dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and morphological features showed better proliferation and adhesion of MSCs on Ch/HA films. 23589442 8 17 theme culture 780:786 arg1 medium 788:793 cellular culture medium 771:793 cellular culture medium 771:793 In cellular culture medium, Ch/HA films absorbed more Ca(2+) than Ch films, and more HA crystalline growths on Ch/HA films. 23589442 11 18 dep suggest 1251:1257 arg1 modified 1285:1292 modified 1285:1292 suggest biocompatibility of Ch is modified after being blended with HA, which promotes osteodifferentiation of MSCs 1251:1365 These data suggest biocompatibility of Ch is modified after being blended with HA, which promotes osteodifferentiation of MSCs. 23589442 8 19 theme cellular 771:778 arg1 medium 788:793 cellular culture medium 771:793 cellular culture medium 771:793 In cellular culture medium, Ch/HA films absorbed more Ca(2+) than Ch films, and more HA crystalline growths on Ch/HA films. 23589442 8 20 dep films 837:841 arg1 Ca 822:823 Ca 822:823 Ca(2+) 822:827 In cellular culture medium, Ch/HA films absorbed more Ca(2+) than Ch films, and more HA crystalline growths on Ch/HA films. 23589442 8 20 dep films 837:841 arg1 more 817:820 more 817:820 more 817:820 In cellular culture medium, Ch/HA films absorbed more Ca(2+) than Ch films, and more HA crystalline growths on Ch/HA films. 23589442 8 20 dep films 837:841 arg1 2+ 825:826 2+ 825:826 2+ 825:826 In cellular culture medium, Ch/HA films absorbed more Ca(2+) than Ch films, and more HA crystalline growths on Ch/HA films. 23589442 10 21 theme osteocalcin 1148:1158 arg1 level 1139:1143 modified transcription level 1116:1143 modified transcription level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and induced ALP activity 1116:1237 Osteodifferentiation of MSCs on Ch/HA was promoted, indicated by modified transcription level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and induced ALP activity. 23589442 5 22 theme Ch/HA 458:462 arg1 film 464:467 Ch/HA film 458:467 Ch/HA film 458:467 In this study, Ch/HA film was prepared and characterized. 23589442 3 23 with component 275:283 arg1 biocompatibility 317:332 good biocompatibility 312:332 good biocompatibility 312:332 Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a component of skeleton and teeth with good biocompatibility. 23589442 9 24 theme 4,5-Dimethythiazol-2-yl 895:917 arg1 assay 953:957 3-(4,5-Dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay 892:957 3-(4,5-Dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay 892:957 3-(4,5-Dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and morphological features showed better proliferation and adhesion of MSCs on Ch/HA films. 23589442 10 25 dep promoted 1093:1100 arg1 indicated 1103:1111 indicated 1103:1111 indicated by modified transcription level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and induced ALP activity 1103:1237 Osteodifferentiation of MSCs on Ch/HA was promoted, indicated by modified transcription level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and induced ALP activity. 23589442 8 26 theme Ch 834:835 arg1 films 837:841 Ch films 834:841 Ch films 834:841 In cellular culture medium, Ch/HA films absorbed more Ca(2+) than Ch films, and more HA crystalline growths on Ch/HA films. 23589442 6 27 theme MSCs 573:576 arg1 potential 505:513 Its potential to benefit cellular behaviors 501:543 Its potential to benefit cellular behaviors 501:543 Its potential to benefit cellular behaviors and osteodifferentiation of MSCs was evaluated. 23589442 6 27 theme MSCs 573:576 arg1 osteodifferentiation 549:568 osteodifferentiation 549:568 osteodifferentiation of MSCs 549:576 Its potential to benefit cellular behaviors and osteodifferentiation of MSCs was evaluated. 23589442 12 28 theme promising 1382:1390 arg1 approach 1392:1399 a promising approach 1380:1399 a promising approach to modify Ch for its applications in bone tissue engineering 1380:1460 This can be a promising approach to modify Ch for its applications in bone tissue engineering. 23589442 12 28 theme promising 1382:1390 arg1 This 1368:1371 This 1368:1371 This 1368:1371 This can be a promising approach to modify Ch for its applications in bone tissue engineering. 23589442 7 29 theme tensile 684:690 arg1 strength 692:699 tensile strength 684:699 tensile strength 684:699 Resultantly, physical properties of composite Ch/HA, including water-in-air contact angle, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and breaking elongation were favorably modified. 23589442 0 30 theme stem 36:39 arg1 cells 41:45 mesenchymal stem cells 24:45 mesenchymal stem cells 24:45 Osteodifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite films. 23589442 11 31 theme Ch 1279:1280 arg1 biocompatibility 1259:1274 biocompatibility 1259:1274 biocompatibility of Ch 1259:1280 These data suggest biocompatibility of Ch is modified after being blended with HA, which promotes osteodifferentiation of MSCs. 23589442 12 32 from applications 1422:1433 arg1 engineering 1450:1460 bone tissue engineering 1438:1460 bone tissue engineering 1438:1460 This can be a promising approach to modify Ch for its applications in bone tissue engineering. 23589442 0 33 theme mesenchymal 24:34 arg1 cells 41:45 mesenchymal stem cells 24:45 mesenchymal stem cells 24:45 Osteodifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite films. 23589442 10 34 theme osteopontin 1161:1171 arg1 level 1139:1143 modified transcription level 1116:1143 modified transcription level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and induced ALP activity 1116:1237 Osteodifferentiation of MSCs on Ch/HA was promoted, indicated by modified transcription level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and induced ALP activity. 23589442 2 35 theme stem 196:199 arg1 MSCs 208:211 MSCs 208:211 MSCs 208:211 Osteodifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on Ch has drawn extensive interest. 23589442 2 35 theme stem 196:199 arg1 cells 201:205 mesenchymal stem cells 184:205 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 184:212 Osteodifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on Ch has drawn extensive interest. 23589442 8 36 theme HA 853:854 arg1 growths 868:874 more Ca(2+) than Ch films, and more HA crystalline growths 817:874 more Ca(2+) than Ch films, and more HA crystalline growths 817:874 In cellular culture medium, Ch/HA films absorbed more Ca(2+) than Ch films, and more HA crystalline growths on Ch/HA films. 23589442 9 37 theme bromide 945:951 arg1 assay 953:957 3-(4,5-Dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay 892:957 3-(4,5-Dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay 892:957 3-(4,5-Dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and morphological features showed better proliferation and adhesion of MSCs on Ch/HA films. 23589442 10 38 theme activity 1230:1237 arg1 level 1139:1143 modified transcription level 1116:1143 modified transcription level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and induced ALP activity 1116:1237 Osteodifferentiation of MSCs on Ch/HA was promoted, indicated by modified transcription level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and induced ALP activity. 23589442 12 39 theme bone 1438:1441 arg1 engineering 1450:1460 bone tissue engineering 1438:1460 bone tissue engineering 1438:1460 This can be a promising approach to modify Ch for its applications in bone tissue engineering. 23589442 2 40 theme mesenchymal 184:194 arg1 MSCs 208:211 MSCs 208:211 MSCs 208:211 Osteodifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on Ch has drawn extensive interest. 23589442 2 40 theme mesenchymal 184:194 arg1 cells 201:205 mesenchymal stem cells 184:205 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 184:212 Osteodifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on Ch has drawn extensive interest. 23589442 0 41 theme cells 41:45 arg1 Osteodifferentiation 0:19 Osteodifferentiation 0:19 Osteodifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite films. 0:89 Osteodifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite films. 23589442 10 42 theme transcription 1125:1137 arg1 level 1139:1143 modified transcription level 1116:1143 modified transcription level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and induced ALP activity 1116:1237 Osteodifferentiation of MSCs on Ch/HA was promoted, indicated by modified transcription level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and induced ALP activity. 23589442 10 43 from Osteodifferentiation 1051:1070 arg1 Ch/HA 1083:1087 Ch/HA 1083:1087 Ch/HA 1083:1087 Osteodifferentiation of MSCs on Ch/HA was promoted, indicated by modified transcription level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and induced ALP activity. 23589442 7 44 theme contact 669:675 arg1 angle 677:681 water-in-air contact angle 656:681 water-in-air contact angle 656:681 Resultantly, physical properties of composite Ch/HA, including water-in-air contact angle, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and breaking elongation were favorably modified. 23589442 9 45 theme -2,5-diphenyl 919:931 arg1 assay 953:957 3-(4,5-Dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay 892:957 3-(4,5-Dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay 892:957 3-(4,5-Dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and morphological features showed better proliferation and adhesion of MSCs on Ch/HA films. 23589442 10 46 theme ALP 1226:1228 arg1 activity 1230:1237 induced ALP activity 1218:1237 induced ALP activity 1218:1237 Osteodifferentiation of MSCs on Ch/HA was promoted, indicated by modified transcription level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and induced ALP activity. 23589442 0 47 theme composite 74:82 arg1 films 84:88 chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite films 50:88 chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite films 50:88 Osteodifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite films. 23589442 10 48 theme modified 1116:1123 arg1 level 1139:1143 modified transcription level 1116:1143 modified transcription level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and induced ALP activity 1116:1237 Osteodifferentiation of MSCs on Ch/HA was promoted, indicated by modified transcription level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and induced ALP activity. 23589442 3 49 theme good 312:315 arg1 biocompatibility 317:332 good biocompatibility 312:332 good biocompatibility 312:332 Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a component of skeleton and teeth with good biocompatibility. 23589442 8 50 theme crystalline 856:866 arg1 growths 868:874 more Ca(2+) than Ch films, and more HA crystalline growths 817:874 more Ca(2+) than Ch films, and more HA crystalline growths 817:874 In cellular culture medium, Ch/HA films absorbed more Ca(2+) than Ch films, and more HA crystalline growths on Ch/HA films. 23589442 0 51 theme chitosan/hydroxyapatite 50:72 arg1 films 84:88 chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite films 50:88 chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite films 50:88 Osteodifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite films. 23589442 3 52 theme skeleton 288:295 arg1 component 275:283 a component 273:283 a component of skeleton and teeth with good biocompatibility 273:332 Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a component of skeleton and teeth with good biocompatibility. 23589442 3 52 theme skeleton 288:295 arg1 Hydroxyapatite 250:263 Hydroxyapatite 250:263 Hydroxyapatite (HA) 250:268 Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a component of skeleton and teeth with good biocompatibility. 23589442 8 53 theme Ch/HA 879:883 arg1 films 885:889 Ch/HA films 879:889 Ch/HA films 879:889 In cellular culture medium, Ch/HA films absorbed more Ca(2+) than Ch films, and more HA crystalline growths on Ch/HA films. 23589442 8 54 theme Ch/HA 796:800 arg1 films 802:806 Ch/HA films 796:806 Ch/HA films 796:806 In cellular culture medium, Ch/HA films absorbed more Ca(2+) than Ch films, and more HA crystalline growths on Ch/HA films. 23589442 7 55 theme water-in-air 656:667 arg1 angle 677:681 water-in-air contact angle 656:681 water-in-air contact angle 656:681 Resultantly, physical properties of composite Ch/HA, including water-in-air contact angle, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and breaking elongation were favorably modified. 23589442 10 56 theme phosphatase 1195:1205 arg1 level 1139:1143 modified transcription level 1116:1143 modified transcription level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and induced ALP activity 1116:1237 Osteodifferentiation of MSCs on Ch/HA was promoted, indicated by modified transcription level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and induced ALP activity. 23589442 7 57 theme breaking 723:730 arg1 elongation 732:741 breaking elongation 723:741 breaking elongation 723:741 Resultantly, physical properties of composite Ch/HA, including water-in-air contact angle, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and breaking elongation were favorably modified. 23589442 4 58 theme cellular 403:410 arg1 behaviors 412:420 cellular behaviors 403:420 cellular behaviors 403:420 Combination with HA may be a good method to modify Ch to facilitate cellular behaviors and functions on it. 23589442 10 59 theme induced 1218:1224 arg1 activity 1230:1237 induced ALP activity 1218:1237 induced ALP activity 1218:1237 Osteodifferentiation of MSCs on Ch/HA was promoted, indicated by modified transcription level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and induced ALP activity. 23589442 10 60 theme alkaline 1186:1193 arg1 phosphatase 1195:1205 alkaline phosphatase 1186:1205 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 1186:1211 Osteodifferentiation of MSCs on Ch/HA was promoted, indicated by modified transcription level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and induced ALP activity. 23589442 10 60 theme alkaline 1186:1193 arg1 ALP 1208:1210 ALP 1208:1210 ALP 1208:1210 Osteodifferentiation of MSCs on Ch/HA was promoted, indicated by modified transcription level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and induced ALP activity. 23589442 8 61 theme films 837:841 arg1 growths 868:874 more Ca(2+) than Ch films, and more HA crystalline growths 817:874 more Ca(2+) than Ch films, and more HA crystalline growths 817:874 In cellular culture medium, Ch/HA films absorbed more Ca(2+) than Ch films, and more HA crystalline growths on Ch/HA films. 23589442 2 62 theme cells 201:205 arg1 Osteodifferentiation 160:179 Osteodifferentiation 160:179 Osteodifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on Ch 160:218 Osteodifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on Ch has drawn extensive interest. 23589442 1 63 theme used 133:136 arg1 biomaterials 146:157 the most commonly used natural biomaterials 115:157 the most commonly used natural biomaterials 115:157 Chitosan (Ch) is one of the most commonly used natural biomaterials. 23589442 6 64 theme cellular 526:533 arg1 behaviors 535:543 cellular behaviors 526:543 cellular behaviors 526:543 Its potential to benefit cellular behaviors and osteodifferentiation of MSCs was evaluated. 23589442 4 65 with Combination 335:345 arg1 HA 352:353 HA 352:353 HA 352:353 Combination with HA may be a good method to modify Ch to facilitate cellular behaviors and functions on it. 23589442 2 66 theme extensive 230:238 arg1 interest 240:247 extensive interest 230:247 extensive interest 230:247 Osteodifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on Ch has drawn extensive interest. 23589442 1 67 theme natural 138:144 arg1 biomaterials 146:157 the most commonly used natural biomaterials 115:157 the most commonly used natural biomaterials 115:157 Chitosan (Ch) is one of the most commonly used natural biomaterials. 23589442 9 68 theme tetrazolium 933:943 arg1 assay 953:957 3-(4,5-Dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay 892:957 3-(4,5-Dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay 892:957 3-(4,5-Dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and morphological features showed better proliferation and adhesion of MSCs on Ch/HA films. 26645250 7 0 theme food 1167:1170 arg1 intake 1172:1177 food intake 1167:1177 food intake 1167:1177 Then, we investigated the effect of dietary composition of sucrose on food intake and body weight in GOAT KO and WT mice. 26645250 4 1 theme weight 632:637 arg1 regulation 639:648 body weight regulation 627:648 body weight regulation 627:648 Here, in this study, we sought to determine whether GOAT has a role in body weight regulation and glucose metabolism with a focus on dietary sucrose, because macronutrient composition of diet is important for appetite regulation. 26645250 9 2 theme food 1421:1424 arg1 intake 1426:1431 significantly reduced food intake 1399:1431 significantly reduced food intake 1399:1431 However, when fed on high-fat, high-sucrose diet, GOAT KO mice showed significantly reduced food intake and marked resistance to obesity, leading to amelioration of glucose metabolism. 26645250 6 3 theme sucrose 962:968 arg1 preference 970:979 sucrose preference 962:979 sucrose preference 962:979 The role of acylated-ghrelin in sucrose preference was further supported by the finding that GOAT KO mice consumed less sucrose solution compared with WT littermates. 26645250 0 4 theme high-sucrose 76:87 arg1 diet 89:92 high-sucrose diet 76:92 high-sucrose diet 76:92 Ghrelin O-acyltransferase knockout mice show resistance to obesity when fed high-sucrose diet. 26645250 7 5 from weight 1188:1193 arg1 mice 1213:1216 GOAT KO and WT mice 1198:1216 GOAT KO and WT mice 1198:1216 Then, we investigated the effect of dietary composition of sucrose on food intake and body weight in GOAT KO and WT mice. 26645250 4 6 theme body 627:630 arg1 regulation 639:648 body weight regulation 627:648 body weight regulation 627:648 Here, in this study, we sought to determine whether GOAT has a role in body weight regulation and glucose metabolism with a focus on dietary sucrose, because macronutrient composition of diet is important for appetite regulation. 26645250 6 7 theme sucrose 1050:1056 arg1 solution 1058:1065 less sucrose solution 1045:1065 less sucrose solution 1045:1065 The role of acylated-ghrelin in sucrose preference was further supported by the finding that GOAT KO mice consumed less sucrose solution compared with WT littermates. 26645250 9 8 theme metabolism 1502:1511 arg1 amelioration 1478:1489 amelioration 1478:1489 amelioration of glucose metabolism 1478:1511 However, when fed on high-fat, high-sucrose diet, GOAT KO mice showed significantly reduced food intake and marked resistance to obesity, leading to amelioration of glucose metabolism. 26645250 8 9 theme KO 1313:1314 arg1 mice 1323:1326 GOAT KO and WT mice 1308:1326 GOAT KO and WT mice 1308:1326 As a result, when fed on high-fat diet, food intake and body weight were similar between GOAT KO and WT mice. 26645250 3 10 theme body 512:515 arg1 reduction 524:532 meaningful body weight reduction 501:532 meaningful body weight reduction 501:532 However, contrary to the expectations, GOAT-knockout (KO) mice have not shown meaningful body weight reduction, under high-fat diet. 26645250 4 11 from role 619:622 arg1 regulation 639:648 body weight regulation 627:648 body weight regulation 627:648 Here, in this study, we sought to determine whether GOAT has a role in body weight regulation and glucose metabolism with a focus on dietary sucrose, because macronutrient composition of diet is important for appetite regulation. 26645250 4 11 from role 619:622 arg1 metabolism 662:671 glucose metabolism 654:671 glucose metabolism 654:671 Here, in this study, we sought to determine whether GOAT has a role in body weight regulation and glucose metabolism with a focus on dietary sucrose, because macronutrient composition of diet is important for appetite regulation. 26645250 6 12 theme acylated-ghrelin 942:957 arg1 role 934:937 The role 930:937 The role of acylated-ghrelin in sucrose preference 930:979 The role of acylated-ghrelin in sucrose preference was further supported by the finding that GOAT KO mice consumed less sucrose solution compared with WT littermates. 26645250 4 13 theme dietary 689:695 arg1 sucrose 697:703 dietary sucrose 689:703 dietary sucrose 689:703 Here, in this study, we sought to determine whether GOAT has a role in body weight regulation and glucose metabolism with a focus on dietary sucrose, because macronutrient composition of diet is important for appetite regulation. 26645250 3 14 theme weight 517:522 arg1 reduction 524:532 meaningful body weight reduction 501:532 meaningful body weight reduction 501:532 However, contrary to the expectations, GOAT-knockout (KO) mice have not shown meaningful body weight reduction, under high-fat diet. 26645250 4 15 theme glucose 654:660 arg1 metabolism 662:671 glucose metabolism 654:671 glucose metabolism 654:671 Here, in this study, we sought to determine whether GOAT has a role in body weight regulation and glucose metabolism with a focus on dietary sucrose, because macronutrient composition of diet is important for appetite regulation. 26645250 7 16 theme composition 1141:1151 arg1 effect 1123:1128 the effect 1119:1128 the effect of dietary composition of sucrose on food intake and body weight in GOAT KO and WT mice 1119:1216 Then, we investigated the effect of dietary composition of sucrose on food intake and body weight in GOAT KO and WT mice. 26645250 7 17 from effect 1123:1128 arg1 intake 1172:1177 food intake 1167:1177 food intake 1167:1177 Then, we investigated the effect of dietary composition of sucrose on food intake and body weight in GOAT KO and WT mice. 26645250 7 17 from effect 1123:1128 arg1 weight 1188:1193 body weight 1183:1193 body weight 1183:1193 Then, we investigated the effect of dietary composition of sucrose on food intake and body weight in GOAT KO and WT mice. 26645250 10 18 theme production 1570:1579 arg1 blockade 1541:1548 blockade 1541:1548 blockade of acylated-ghrelin production 1541:1579 These results suggest that blockade of acylated-ghrelin production offers therapeutic potential for obesity and metabolic disorders caused by overeating of palatable food. 26645250 6 19 theme KO 1028:1029 arg1 mice 1031:1034 GOAT KO mice 1023:1034 GOAT KO mice 1023:1034 The role of acylated-ghrelin in sucrose preference was further supported by the finding that GOAT KO mice consumed less sucrose solution compared with WT littermates. 26645250 8 20 theme high-fat 1244:1251 arg1 diet 1253:1256 high-fat diet 1244:1256 high-fat diet 1244:1256 As a result, when fed on high-fat diet, food intake and body weight were similar between GOAT KO and WT mice. 26645250 3 21 theme meaningful 501:510 arg1 reduction 524:532 meaningful body weight reduction 501:532 meaningful body weight reduction 501:532 However, contrary to the expectations, GOAT-knockout (KO) mice have not shown meaningful body weight reduction, under high-fat diet. 26645250 9 22 theme marked 1437:1442 arg1 resistance 1444:1453 marked resistance 1437:1453 marked resistance to obesity 1437:1464 However, when fed on high-fat, high-sucrose diet, GOAT KO mice showed significantly reduced food intake and marked resistance to obesity, leading to amelioration of glucose metabolism. 26645250 0 23 theme O-acyltransferase 8:24 arg1 mice 35:38 Ghrelin O-acyltransferase knockout mice 0:38 Ghrelin O-acyltransferase knockout mice 0:38 Ghrelin O-acyltransferase knockout mice show resistance to obesity when fed high-sucrose diet. 26645250 4 24 from focus 680:684 arg1 sucrose 697:703 dietary sucrose 689:703 dietary sucrose 689:703 Here, in this study, we sought to determine whether GOAT has a role in body weight regulation and glucose metabolism with a focus on dietary sucrose, because macronutrient composition of diet is important for appetite regulation. 26645250 8 25 theme body 1275:1278 arg1 weight 1280:1285 body weight 1275:1285 body weight 1275:1285 As a result, when fed on high-fat diet, food intake and body weight were similar between GOAT KO and WT mice. 26645250 7 26 theme WT 1210:1211 arg1 mice 1213:1216 GOAT KO and WT mice 1198:1216 GOAT KO and WT mice 1198:1216 Then, we investigated the effect of dietary composition of sucrose on food intake and body weight in GOAT KO and WT mice. 26645250 5 27 theme administered 813:824 arg1 acylated-ghrelin 826:841 peripherally administered acylated-ghrelin 800:841 peripherally administered acylated-ghrelin 800:841 We found that peripherally administered acylated-ghrelin, but not unacylated one, stimulated sucrose consumption in a two-bottle-drinking test. 26645250 0 28 theme Ghrelin 0:6 arg1 mice 35:38 Ghrelin O-acyltransferase knockout mice 0:38 Ghrelin O-acyltransferase knockout mice 0:38 Ghrelin O-acyltransferase knockout mice show resistance to obesity when fed high-sucrose diet. 26645250 10 29 theme therapeutic 1588:1598 arg1 potential 1600:1608 therapeutic potential 1588:1608 therapeutic potential for obesity and metabolic disorders caused by overeating of palatable food 1588:1683 These results suggest that blockade of acylated-ghrelin production offers therapeutic potential for obesity and metabolic disorders caused by overeating of palatable food. 26645250 3 30 theme high-fat 541:548 arg1 diet 550:553 high-fat diet 541:553 high-fat diet 541:553 However, contrary to the expectations, GOAT-knockout (KO) mice have not shown meaningful body weight reduction, under high-fat diet. 26645250 6 31 theme GOAT 1023:1026 arg1 mice 1031:1034 GOAT KO mice 1023:1034 GOAT KO mice 1023:1034 The role of acylated-ghrelin in sucrose preference was further supported by the finding that GOAT KO mice consumed less sucrose solution compared with WT littermates. 26645250 10 32 theme palatable 1670:1678 arg1 food 1680:1683 palatable food 1670:1683 palatable food 1670:1683 These results suggest that blockade of acylated-ghrelin production offers therapeutic potential for obesity and metabolic disorders caused by overeating of palatable food. 26645250 5 33 theme sucrose 879:885 arg1 consumption 887:897 sucrose consumption 879:897 sucrose consumption 879:897 We found that peripherally administered acylated-ghrelin, but not unacylated one, stimulated sucrose consumption in a two-bottle-drinking test. 26645250 9 34 theme glucose 1494:1500 arg1 metabolism 1502:1511 glucose metabolism 1494:1511 glucose metabolism 1494:1511 However, when fed on high-fat, high-sucrose diet, GOAT KO mice showed significantly reduced food intake and marked resistance to obesity, leading to amelioration of glucose metabolism. 26645250 2 35 theme diabetes 413:420 arg1 treatment 388:396 the treatment 384:396 the treatment of obesity and diabetes 384:420 Since the discovery that acylation of the serine-3 residue by ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is essential for exerting its functions, GOAT has been regarded as an therapeutic target for attenuating appetite, and thus for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. 26645250 5 36 theme unacylated 852:861 arg1 one 863:865 unacylated one 852:865 unacylated one 852:865 We found that peripherally administered acylated-ghrelin, but not unacylated one, stimulated sucrose consumption in a two-bottle-drinking test. 26645250 9 37 theme reduced 1413:1419 arg1 intake 1426:1431 significantly reduced food intake 1399:1431 significantly reduced food intake 1399:1431 However, when fed on high-fat, high-sucrose diet, GOAT KO mice showed significantly reduced food intake and marked resistance to obesity, leading to amelioration of glucose metabolism. 26645250 2 38 theme obesity 401:407 arg1 treatment 388:396 the treatment 384:396 the treatment of obesity and diabetes 384:420 Since the discovery that acylation of the serine-3 residue by ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is essential for exerting its functions, GOAT has been regarded as an therapeutic target for attenuating appetite, and thus for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. 26645250 3 39 theme KO 477:478 arg1 mice 481:484 GOAT-knockout (KO) mice 462:484 GOAT-knockout (KO) mice 462:484 However, contrary to the expectations, GOAT-knockout (KO) mice have not shown meaningful body weight reduction, under high-fat diet. 26645250 6 40 from role 934:937 arg1 preference 970:979 sucrose preference 962:979 sucrose preference 962:979 The role of acylated-ghrelin in sucrose preference was further supported by the finding that GOAT KO mice consumed less sucrose solution compared with WT littermates. 26645250 7 41 theme GOAT 1198:1201 arg1 mice 1213:1216 GOAT KO and WT mice 1198:1216 GOAT KO and WT mice 1198:1216 Then, we investigated the effect of dietary composition of sucrose on food intake and body weight in GOAT KO and WT mice. 26645250 10 42 theme acylated-ghrelin 1553:1568 arg1 production 1570:1579 acylated-ghrelin production 1553:1579 acylated-ghrelin production 1553:1579 These results suggest that blockade of acylated-ghrelin production offers therapeutic potential for obesity and metabolic disorders caused by overeating of palatable food. 26645250 8 43 theme GOAT 1308:1311 arg1 mice 1323:1326 GOAT KO and WT mice 1308:1326 GOAT KO and WT mice 1308:1326 As a result, when fed on high-fat diet, food intake and body weight were similar between GOAT KO and WT mice. 26645250 9 44 theme high-sucrose 1360:1371 arg1 high-fat 1350:1357 high-fat 1350:1357 high-fat 1350:1357 However, when fed on high-fat, high-sucrose diet, GOAT KO mice showed significantly reduced food intake and marked resistance to obesity, leading to amelioration of glucose metabolism. 26645250 9 44 theme high-sucrose 1360:1371 arg1 diet 1373:1376 high-sucrose diet 1360:1376 high-sucrose diet 1360:1376 However, when fed on high-fat, high-sucrose diet, GOAT KO mice showed significantly reduced food intake and marked resistance to obesity, leading to amelioration of glucose metabolism. 26645250 7 45 theme sucrose 1156:1162 arg1 composition 1141:1151 dietary composition 1133:1151 dietary composition of sucrose 1133:1162 Then, we investigated the effect of dietary composition of sucrose on food intake and body weight in GOAT KO and WT mice. 26645250 4 46 theme appetite 765:772 arg1 regulation 774:783 appetite regulation 765:783 appetite regulation 765:783 Here, in this study, we sought to determine whether GOAT has a role in body weight regulation and glucose metabolism with a focus on dietary sucrose, because macronutrient composition of diet is important for appetite regulation. 26645250 1 47 theme appetite-stimulating 109:128 arg1 Ghrelin 95:101 Ghrelin 95:101 Ghrelin 95:101 Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulating hormone secreted from stomach. 26645250 1 47 theme appetite-stimulating 109:128 arg1 hormone 130:136 an appetite-stimulating hormone 106:136 an appetite-stimulating hormone secreted from stomach 106:158 Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulating hormone secreted from stomach. 26645250 9 48 theme KO 1384:1385 arg1 mice 1387:1390 GOAT KO mice 1379:1390 GOAT KO mice 1379:1390 However, when fed on high-fat, high-sucrose diet, GOAT KO mice showed significantly reduced food intake and marked resistance to obesity, leading to amelioration of glucose metabolism. 26645250 4 49 contain has 613:615 arg1 GOAT 608:611 GOAT 608:611 GOAT 608:611 Here, in this study, we sought to determine whether GOAT has a role in body weight regulation and glucose metabolism with a focus on dietary sucrose, because macronutrient composition of diet is important for appetite regulation. 26645250 4 49 contain has 613:615 arg2 role 619:622 a role 617:622 a role in body weight regulation and glucose metabolism 617:671 Here, in this study, we sought to determine whether GOAT has a role in body weight regulation and glucose metabolism with a focus on dietary sucrose, because macronutrient composition of diet is important for appetite regulation. 26645250 2 50 theme ghrelin 223:229 arg1 GOAT 250:253 GOAT 250:253 GOAT 250:253 Since the discovery that acylation of the serine-3 residue by ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is essential for exerting its functions, GOAT has been regarded as an therapeutic target for attenuating appetite, and thus for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. 26645250 2 50 theme ghrelin 223:229 arg1 O-acyltransferase 231:247 ghrelin O-acyltransferase 223:247 ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) 223:254 Since the discovery that acylation of the serine-3 residue by ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is essential for exerting its functions, GOAT has been regarded as an therapeutic target for attenuating appetite, and thus for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. 26645250 2 51 theme therapeutic 326:336 arg1 target 338:343 an therapeutic target 323:343 an therapeutic target for attenuating appetite, and thus for the treatment of obesity and diabetes 323:420 Since the discovery that acylation of the serine-3 residue by ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is essential for exerting its functions, GOAT has been regarded as an therapeutic target for attenuating appetite, and thus for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. 26645250 2 51 theme therapeutic 326:336 arg1 GOAT 297:300 GOAT 297:300 GOAT 297:300 Since the discovery that acylation of the serine-3 residue by ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is essential for exerting its functions, GOAT has been regarded as an therapeutic target for attenuating appetite, and thus for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. 26645250 10 52 theme food 1680:1683 arg1 overeating 1656:1665 overeating 1656:1665 overeating of palatable food 1656:1683 These results suggest that blockade of acylated-ghrelin production offers therapeutic potential for obesity and metabolic disorders caused by overeating of palatable food. 26645250 2 53 theme residue 212:218 arg1 acylation 186:194 acylation 186:194 acylation of the serine-3 residue by ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) 186:254 Since the discovery that acylation of the serine-3 residue by ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is essential for exerting its functions, GOAT has been regarded as an therapeutic target for attenuating appetite, and thus for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. 26645250 8 54 theme WT 1320:1321 arg1 mice 1323:1326 GOAT KO and WT mice 1308:1326 GOAT KO and WT mice 1308:1326 As a result, when fed on high-fat diet, food intake and body weight were similar between GOAT KO and WT mice. 26645250 6 55 theme WT 1081:1082 arg1 littermates 1084:1094 WT littermates 1081:1094 WT littermates 1081:1094 The role of acylated-ghrelin in sucrose preference was further supported by the finding that GOAT KO mice consumed less sucrose solution compared with WT littermates. 26645250 10 56 theme metabolic 1626:1634 arg1 disorders 1636:1644 metabolic disorders 1626:1644 metabolic disorders 1626:1644 These results suggest that blockade of acylated-ghrelin production offers therapeutic potential for obesity and metabolic disorders caused by overeating of palatable food. 26645250 8 57 theme food 1259:1262 arg1 intake 1264:1269 food intake 1259:1269 food intake 1259:1269 As a result, when fed on high-fat diet, food intake and body weight were similar between GOAT KO and WT mice. 26645250 2 58 theme serine-3 203:210 arg1 residue 212:218 the serine-3 residue 199:218 the serine-3 residue 199:218 Since the discovery that acylation of the serine-3 residue by ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is essential for exerting its functions, GOAT has been regarded as an therapeutic target for attenuating appetite, and thus for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. 26645250 4 59 theme macronutrient 714:726 arg1 composition 728:738 macronutrient composition 714:738 macronutrient composition of diet 714:746 Here, in this study, we sought to determine whether GOAT has a role in body weight regulation and glucose metabolism with a focus on dietary sucrose, because macronutrient composition of diet is important for appetite regulation. 26645250 3 60 theme GOAT-knockout 462:474 arg1 mice 481:484 GOAT-knockout (KO) mice 462:484 GOAT-knockout (KO) mice 462:484 However, contrary to the expectations, GOAT-knockout (KO) mice have not shown meaningful body weight reduction, under high-fat diet. 26645250 9 61 theme GOAT 1379:1382 arg1 mice 1387:1390 GOAT KO mice 1379:1390 GOAT KO mice 1379:1390 However, when fed on high-fat, high-sucrose diet, GOAT KO mice showed significantly reduced food intake and marked resistance to obesity, leading to amelioration of glucose metabolism. 26645250 4 62 theme diet 743:746 arg1 composition 728:738 macronutrient composition 714:738 macronutrient composition of diet 714:746 Here, in this study, we sought to determine whether GOAT has a role in body weight regulation and glucose metabolism with a focus on dietary sucrose, because macronutrient composition of diet is important for appetite regulation. 26645250 5 63 theme two-bottle-drinking 904:922 arg1 test 924:927 a two-bottle-drinking test 902:927 a two-bottle-drinking test 902:927 We found that peripherally administered acylated-ghrelin, but not unacylated one, stimulated sucrose consumption in a two-bottle-drinking test. 26645250 7 64 theme body 1183:1186 arg1 weight 1188:1193 body weight 1183:1193 body weight 1183:1193 Then, we investigated the effect of dietary composition of sucrose on food intake and body weight in GOAT KO and WT mice. 26645250 0 65 theme knockout 26:33 arg1 mice 35:38 Ghrelin O-acyltransferase knockout mice 0:38 Ghrelin O-acyltransferase knockout mice 0:38 Ghrelin O-acyltransferase knockout mice show resistance to obesity when fed high-sucrose diet. 26645250 7 66 theme KO 1203:1204 arg1 mice 1213:1216 GOAT KO and WT mice 1198:1216 GOAT KO and WT mice 1198:1216 Then, we investigated the effect of dietary composition of sucrose on food intake and body weight in GOAT KO and WT mice. 26645250 7 67 theme dietary 1133:1139 arg1 composition 1141:1151 dietary composition 1133:1151 dietary composition of sucrose 1133:1162 Then, we investigated the effect of dietary composition of sucrose on food intake and body weight in GOAT KO and WT mice. 26645250 7 68 from intake 1172:1177 arg1 mice 1213:1216 GOAT KO and WT mice 1198:1216 GOAT KO and WT mice 1198:1216 Then, we investigated the effect of dietary composition of sucrose on food intake and body weight in GOAT KO and WT mice. 26205207 3 0 theme Gram-stain 252:261 arg1 rods 301:304 Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved rods 252:304 Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved rods 252:304 The cells were observed to be Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved rods. 26205207 3 0 theme Gram-stain 252:261 arg1 cells 226:230 The cells 222:230 The cells 222:230 The cells were observed to be Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved rods. 26205207 6 1 theme peptidoglycan 432:444 arg1 type 446:449 the peptidoglycan type 428:449 the peptidoglycan type 428:449 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was determined to be of the A3α type, with glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine as the major cell wall amino acids. 26205207 8 2 theme polar 671:675 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 749:768 phosphatidylinositol 749:768 phosphatidylinositol 749:768 The polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids. 26205207 8 2 theme polar 671:675 arg1 glycolipids 771:781 glycolipids 771:781 glycolipids 771:781 The polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids. 26205207 8 2 theme polar 671:675 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 703:724 diphosphatidylglycerol 703:724 diphosphatidylglycerol 703:724 The polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids. 26205207 8 2 theme polar 671:675 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 727:746 phosphatidylglycerol 727:746 phosphatidylglycerol 727:746 The polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids. 26205207 8 2 theme polar 671:675 arg1 lipids 677:682 The polar lipids 667:682 The polar lipids 667:682 The polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids. 26205207 8 2 theme polar 671:675 arg1 phospholipids 804:816 two unidentified phospholipids 787:816 two unidentified phospholipids 787:816 The polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids. 26205207 7 3 theme whole 577:581 arg1 sugars 588:593 The whole cell sugars 573:593 The whole cell sugars 573:593 The whole cell sugars were found to contain mannose, galactose, glucose, ribose and rhamnose. 26205207 3 4 theme positive 263:270 arg1 rods 301:304 Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved rods 252:304 Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved rods 252:304 The cells were observed to be Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved rods. 26205207 3 4 theme positive 263:270 arg1 cells 226:230 The cells 222:230 The cells 222:230 The cells were observed to be Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved rods. 26205207 13 5 theme CFH 1639:1641 arg1 T 1649:1649 T 1649:1649 T 1649:1649 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain CFH S0499(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas halotolerans sp. 26205207 13 5 theme CFH 1639:1641 arg1 S0499 1643:1647 strain CFH S0499 1632:1647 strain CFH S0499(T) 1632:1650 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain CFH S0499(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas halotolerans sp. 26205207 9 6 theme MK-8 1006:1009 arg1 H2 1012:1013 H2 1012:1013 H2 1012:1013 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 6 theme MK-8 1006:1009 arg1 H4 998:999 H4 998:999 H4 998:999 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 6 theme MK-8 1006:1009 arg1 MK-8 1006:1009 MK-8 1006:1009 MK-8 1006:1009 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 6 theme MK-8 1006:1009 arg1 MK-10 991:995 MK-10 991:995 MK-10 991:995 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 6 theme MK-8 1006:1009 arg1 amount 981:986 a minor amount 973:986 a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2) 973:1014 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 6 7 theme glutamic 494:501 arg1 acid 503:506 glutamic acid 494:506 glutamic acid 494:506 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was determined to be of the A3α type, with glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine as the major cell wall amino acids. 26205207 6 7 theme glutamic 494:501 arg1 lysine 530:535 lysine 530:535 lysine 530:535 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was determined to be of the A3α type, with glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine as the major cell wall amino acids. 26205207 6 7 theme glutamic 494:501 arg1 alanine 518:524 alanine 518:524 alanine 518:524 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was determined to be of the A3α type, with glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine as the major cell wall amino acids. 26205207 6 7 theme glutamic 494:501 arg1 glycine 509:515 glycine 509:515 glycine 509:515 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was determined to be of the A3α type, with glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine as the major cell wall amino acids. 26205207 7 8 theme cell 583:586 arg1 sugars 588:593 The whole cell sugars 573:593 The whole cell sugars 573:593 The whole cell sugars were found to contain mannose, galactose, glucose, ribose and rhamnose. 26205207 12 9 theme closest 1549:1555 arg1 neighbours 1557:1566 four closest neighbours 1544:1566 its four closest neighbours 1540:1566 DNA-DNA hybridizations showed low values (49.1-54.5 %) between strain CFH S0499(T) and its four closest neighbours. 26205207 2 10 theme actinobacterial 89:103 arg1 strain 105:110 A novel actinobacterial strain 81:110 A novel actinobacterial strain 81:110 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated CFH S0499(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. 26205207 11 11 dep species 1235:1241 arg1 20127 1268:1272 Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127 1243:1272 Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %) 1243:1284 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 11 dep species 1235:1241 arg1 T 1308:1308 T 1308:1308 T 1308:1308 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 11 dep species 1235:1241 arg1 T 1274:1274 T 1274:1274 T 1274:1274 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 11 dep species 1235:1241 arg1 % 1449:1449 95.8 % 1444:1449 95.8 % 1444:1449 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 11 dep species 1235:1241 arg1 % 1318:1318 98.28 % 1312:1318 98.28 % 1312:1318 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 11 dep species 1235:1241 arg1 SYP-B 1430:1434 Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575 1403:1438 Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %) 1403:1450 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 11 dep species 1235:1241 arg1 % 1396:1396 97.5 % 1391:1396 97.5 % 1391:1396 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 11 dep species 1235:1241 arg1 MPLK 1379:1382 MPLK 1379:1382 MPLK 1379:1382 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 11 dep species 1235:1241 arg1 T 1387:1387 T 1387:1387 T 1387:1387 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 11 dep species 1235:1241 arg1 CW 1338:1339 CW 1338:1339 CW 1338:1339 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 11 dep species 1235:1241 arg1 T 1440:1440 T 1440:1440 T 1440:1440 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 11 dep species 1235:1241 arg1 CW 1302:1303 CW 1302:1303 CW 1302:1303 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 11 dep species 1235:1241 arg1 % 1283:1283 98.3 % 1278:1283 98.3 % 1278:1283 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 12 theme genus 1178:1182 arg1 Sinomonas 1184:1192 the genus Sinomonas 1174:1192 the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %) 1174:1450 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 12 13 theme strain 1516:1521 arg1 S0499 1527:1531 strain CFH S0499 1516:1531 strain CFH S0499(T) 1516:1534 DNA-DNA hybridizations showed low values (49.1-54.5 %) between strain CFH S0499(T) and its four closest neighbours. 26205207 12 13 theme strain 1516:1521 arg1 T 1533:1533 T 1533:1533 T 1533:1533 DNA-DNA hybridizations showed low values (49.1-54.5 %) between strain CFH S0499(T) and its four closest neighbours. 26205207 7 14 contain contain 609:615 arg2 ribose 646:651 ribose 646:651 ribose 646:651 The whole cell sugars were found to contain mannose, galactose, glucose, ribose and rhamnose. 26205207 7 14 contain contain 609:615 arg1 sugars 588:593 The whole cell sugars 573:593 The whole cell sugars 573:593 The whole cell sugars were found to contain mannose, galactose, glucose, ribose and rhamnose. 26205207 7 14 contain contain 609:615 arg2 mannose 617:623 mannose 617:623 mannose 617:623 The whole cell sugars were found to contain mannose, galactose, glucose, ribose and rhamnose. 26205207 7 14 contain contain 609:615 arg2 galactose 626:634 galactose 626:634 galactose 626:634 The whole cell sugars were found to contain mannose, galactose, glucose, ribose and rhamnose. 26205207 7 14 contain contain 609:615 arg2 rhamnose 657:664 rhamnose 657:664 rhamnose 657:664 The whole cell sugars were found to contain mannose, galactose, glucose, ribose and rhamnose. 26205207 7 14 contain contain 609:615 arg2 glucose 637:643 glucose 637:643 glucose 637:643 The whole cell sugars were found to contain mannose, galactose, glucose, ribose and rhamnose. 26205207 5 15 theme % 400:400 arg1 NaCl 402:405 0-7 % NaCl 396:405 0-7 % NaCl 396:405 Growth was found to occur at 0-7 % NaCl. 26205207 9 16 theme major 823:827 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 886:898 anteiso-C17:0 886:898 anteiso-C17:0 886:898 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 16 theme major 823:827 arg1 iso-C16:0 904:912 iso-C16:0 904:912 iso-C16:0 904:912 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 16 theme major 823:827 arg1 MK-9 957:960 MK-9 957:960 MK-9 (H2) 957:965 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 16 theme major 823:827 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 860:872 anteiso-C15:0 860:872 anteiso-C15:0 860:872 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 16 theme major 823:827 arg1 iso-C15:0 875:883 iso-C15:0 875:883 iso-C15:0 875:883 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 16 theme major 823:827 arg1 acids 835:839 The major fatty acids 819:839 The major fatty acids 819:839 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 16 theme major 823:827 arg1 quinone 946:952 the predominant respiratory quinone 918:952 the predominant respiratory quinone 918:952 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 11 17 theme rRNA 1092:1095 arg1 analysis 1111:1118 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1084:1118 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1084:1118 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 1 18 dep actinobacterium 36:50 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a soil sample. 26205207 14 19 theme KCTC 1842:1845 arg1 39116 1847:1851 =CCTCC AB2014300(T) = KCTC 39116 1820:1851 =CCTCC AB2014300(T) = KCTC 39116(T) 1820:1854 nov. is proposed, with CFH S0499(T) as the type strain (=CCTCC AB2014300(T) = KCTC 39116(T)). 26205207 14 19 theme KCTC 1842:1845 arg1 strain 1812:1817 the type strain 1803:1817 the type strain (=CCTCC AB2014300(T) = KCTC 39116(T)) 1803:1855 nov. is proposed, with CFH S0499(T) as the type strain (=CCTCC AB2014300(T) = KCTC 39116(T)). 26205207 14 19 theme KCTC 1842:1845 arg1 T 1853:1853 T 1853:1853 T 1853:1853 nov. is proposed, with CFH S0499(T) as the type strain (=CCTCC AB2014300(T) = KCTC 39116(T)). 26205207 6 20 theme amino 560:564 arg1 acids 566:570 amino acids 560:570 amino acids 560:570 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was determined to be of the A3α type, with glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine as the major cell wall amino acids. 26205207 9 21 theme fatty 829:833 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 886:898 anteiso-C17:0 886:898 anteiso-C17:0 886:898 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 21 theme fatty 829:833 arg1 iso-C16:0 904:912 iso-C16:0 904:912 iso-C16:0 904:912 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 21 theme fatty 829:833 arg1 MK-9 957:960 MK-9 957:960 MK-9 (H2) 957:965 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 21 theme fatty 829:833 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 860:872 anteiso-C15:0 860:872 anteiso-C15:0 860:872 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 21 theme fatty 829:833 arg1 iso-C15:0 875:883 iso-C15:0 875:883 iso-C15:0 875:883 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 21 theme fatty 829:833 arg1 acids 835:839 The major fatty acids 819:839 The major fatty acids 819:839 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 21 theme fatty 829:833 arg1 quinone 946:952 the predominant respiratory quinone 918:952 the predominant respiratory quinone 918:952 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 13 22 theme phylogenetic 1609:1620 arg1 analysis 1622:1629 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1578:1629 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1578:1629 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain CFH S0499(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas halotolerans sp. 26205207 11 23 theme gene 1097:1100 arg1 analysis 1111:1118 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1084:1118 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1084:1118 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 14 24 theme = 1840:1840 arg1 39116 1847:1851 =CCTCC AB2014300(T) = KCTC 39116 1820:1851 =CCTCC AB2014300(T) = KCTC 39116(T) 1820:1854 nov. is proposed, with CFH S0499(T) as the type strain (=CCTCC AB2014300(T) = KCTC 39116(T)). 26205207 14 24 theme = 1840:1840 arg1 strain 1812:1817 the type strain 1803:1817 the type strain (=CCTCC AB2014300(T) = KCTC 39116(T)) 1803:1855 nov. is proposed, with CFH S0499(T) as the type strain (=CCTCC AB2014300(T) = KCTC 39116(T)). 26205207 14 24 theme = 1840:1840 arg1 T 1853:1853 T 1853:1853 T 1853:1853 nov. is proposed, with CFH S0499(T) as the type strain (=CCTCC AB2014300(T) = KCTC 39116(T)). 26205207 1 25 theme soil 68:71 arg1 sample 73:78 a soil sample 66:78 a soil sample 66:78 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a soil sample. 26205207 2 26 from island 191:196 arg1 Vietnam 213:219 Vietnam 213:219 Vietnam 213:219 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated CFH S0499(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. 26205207 2 26 from island 191:196 arg1 Bay 208:210 Bay 208:210 Bay 208:210 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated CFH S0499(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. 26205207 2 27 theme CFH 124:126 arg1 S0499 128:132 CFH S0499 124:132 CFH S0499(T) 124:135 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated CFH S0499(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. 26205207 2 27 theme CFH 124:126 arg1 T 134:134 T 134:134 T 134:134 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated CFH S0499(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. 26205207 6 28 theme cell 550:553 arg1 wall 555:558 the major cell wall 540:558 the major cell wall 540:558 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was determined to be of the A3α type, with glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine as the major cell wall amino acids. 26205207 9 29 theme predominant 922:932 arg1 acids 835:839 The major fatty acids 819:839 The major fatty acids 819:839 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 29 theme predominant 922:932 arg1 quinone 946:952 the predominant respiratory quinone 918:952 the predominant respiratory quinone 918:952 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 11 30 theme Sinomonas 1403:1411 arg1 % 1449:1449 95.8 % 1444:1449 95.8 % 1444:1449 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 30 theme Sinomonas 1403:1411 arg1 SYP-B 1430:1434 Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575 1403:1438 Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %) 1403:1450 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 30 theme Sinomonas 1403:1411 arg1 T 1440:1440 T 1440:1440 T 1440:1440 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 31 theme 16S 1088:1090 arg1 analysis 1111:1118 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1084:1118 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1084:1118 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 12 32 theme low 1483:1485 arg1 values 1487:1492 low values 1483:1492 low values (49.1-54.5 %) between strain CFH S0499(T) and its four closest neighbours 1483:1566 DNA-DNA hybridizations showed low values (49.1-54.5 %) between strain CFH S0499(T) and its four closest neighbours. 26205207 12 32 theme low 1483:1485 arg1 % 1505:1505 49.1-54.5 % 1495:1505 49.1-54.5 % 1495:1505 DNA-DNA hybridizations showed low values (49.1-54.5 %) between strain CFH S0499(T) and its four closest neighbours. 26205207 6 33 theme major 544:548 arg1 wall 555:558 the major cell wall 540:558 the major cell wall 540:558 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was determined to be of the A3α type, with glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine as the major cell wall amino acids. 26205207 6 34 theme A3α 479:481 arg1 type 483:486 the A3α type 475:486 the A3α type 475:486 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was determined to be of the A3α type, with glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine as the major cell wall amino acids. 26205207 1 35 attach isolated 52:59 arg2 actinobacterium 36:50 an actinobacterium 33:50 an actinobacterium isolated from a soil sample 33:78 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a soil sample. 26205207 1 35 attach isolated 52:59 arg1 sample 73:78 a soil sample 66:78 a soil sample 66:78 nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a soil sample. 26205207 6 36 with type 483:486 arg1 acid 503:506 glutamic acid 494:506 glutamic acid 494:506 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was determined to be of the A3α type, with glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine as the major cell wall amino acids. 26205207 6 36 with type 483:486 arg1 lysine 530:535 lysine 530:535 lysine 530:535 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was determined to be of the A3α type, with glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine as the major cell wall amino acids. 26205207 6 36 with type 483:486 arg1 alanine 518:524 alanine 518:524 alanine 518:524 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was determined to be of the A3α type, with glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine as the major cell wall amino acids. 26205207 6 36 with type 483:486 arg1 glycine 509:515 glycine 509:515 glycine 509:515 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was determined to be of the A3α type, with glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine as the major cell wall amino acids. 26205207 12 37 theme DNA-DNA 1453:1459 arg1 hybridizations 1461:1474 DNA-DNA hybridizations 1453:1474 DNA-DNA hybridizations 1453:1474 DNA-DNA hybridizations showed low values (49.1-54.5 %) between strain CFH S0499(T) and its four closest neighbours. 26205207 3 38 dep positive 263:270 arg1 non-motile 282:291 non-motile 282:291 non-motile 282:291 The cells were observed to be Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved rods. 26205207 3 38 dep positive 263:270 arg1 aerobic 273:279 aerobic 273:279 aerobic 273:279 The cells were observed to be Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved rods. 26205207 3 38 dep positive 263:270 arg1 curved 294:299 curved 294:299 curved 294:299 The cells were observed to be Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile, curved rods. 26205207 13 39 theme novel 1680:1684 arg1 species 1686:1692 a novel species 1678:1692 a novel species 1678:1692 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain CFH S0499(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas halotolerans sp. 26205207 13 40 theme chemotaxonomic 1590:1603 arg1 analysis 1622:1629 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1578:1629 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1578:1629 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain CFH S0499(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas halotolerans sp. 26205207 11 41 theme sequence 1102:1109 arg1 analysis 1111:1118 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1084:1118 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 1084:1118 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 2 42 attach isolated 142:149 arg2 strain 105:110 A novel actinobacterial strain 81:110 A novel actinobacterial strain 81:110 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated CFH S0499(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. 26205207 2 42 attach isolated 142:149 arg1 sample 163:168 a soil sample 156:168 a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam 156:219 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated CFH S0499(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. 26205207 12 43 theme CFH 1523:1525 arg1 S0499 1527:1531 strain CFH S0499 1516:1531 strain CFH S0499(T) 1516:1534 DNA-DNA hybridizations showed low values (49.1-54.5 %) between strain CFH S0499(T) and its four closest neighbours. 26205207 12 43 theme CFH 1523:1525 arg1 T 1533:1533 T 1533:1533 T 1533:1533 DNA-DNA hybridizations showed low values (49.1-54.5 %) between strain CFH S0499(T) and its four closest neighbours. 26205207 9 44 theme respiratory 934:944 arg1 acids 835:839 The major fatty acids 819:839 The major fatty acids 819:839 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 44 theme respiratory 934:944 arg1 quinone 946:952 the predominant respiratory quinone 918:952 the predominant respiratory quinone 918:952 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 11 45 theme species 1235:1241 arg1 members 1220:1226 members 1220:1226 members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %) 1220:1450 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 9 46 theme MK-10 991:995 arg1 H2 1012:1013 H2 1012:1013 H2 1012:1013 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 46 theme MK-10 991:995 arg1 H4 998:999 H4 998:999 H4 998:999 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 46 theme MK-10 991:995 arg1 MK-8 1006:1009 MK-8 1006:1009 MK-8 1006:1009 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 46 theme MK-10 991:995 arg1 MK-10 991:995 MK-10 991:995 MK-10 991:995 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 46 theme MK-10 991:995 arg1 amount 981:986 a minor amount 973:986 a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2) 973:1014 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 11 47 theme Sinomonas 1243:1251 arg1 20127 1268:1272 Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127 1243:1272 Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %) 1243:1284 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 47 theme Sinomonas 1243:1251 arg1 % 1283:1283 98.3 % 1278:1283 98.3 % 1278:1283 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 47 theme Sinomonas 1243:1251 arg1 T 1274:1274 T 1274:1274 T 1274:1274 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 2 48 theme novel 83:87 arg1 strain 105:110 A novel actinobacterial strain 81:110 A novel actinobacterial strain 81:110 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated CFH S0499(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. 26205207 10 49 theme G+C 1021:1023 arg1 % 1081:1081 71.8 mol% 1073:1081 71.8 mol% 1073:1081 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 71.8 mol%. 26205207 10 49 theme G+C 1021:1023 arg1 content 1025:1031 The G+C content 1017:1031 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1017:1050 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 71.8 mol%. 26205207 13 50 theme strain 1632:1637 arg1 T 1649:1649 T 1649:1649 T 1649:1649 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain CFH S0499(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas halotolerans sp. 26205207 13 50 theme strain 1632:1637 arg1 S0499 1643:1647 strain CFH S0499 1632:1647 strain CFH S0499(T) 1632:1650 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain CFH S0499(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas halotolerans sp. 26205207 2 51 theme Catba 185:189 arg1 island 191:196 Catba island 185:196 Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam 185:219 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated CFH S0499(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. 26205207 9 52 theme minor 975:979 arg1 H2 1012:1013 H2 1012:1013 H2 1012:1013 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 52 theme minor 975:979 arg1 H4 998:999 H4 998:999 H4 998:999 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 52 theme minor 975:979 arg1 MK-8 1006:1009 MK-8 1006:1009 MK-8 1006:1009 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 52 theme minor 975:979 arg1 MK-10 991:995 MK-10 991:995 MK-10 991:995 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 9 52 theme minor 975:979 arg1 amount 981:986 a minor amount 973:986 a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2) 973:1014 The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0 and the predominant respiratory quinone as MK-9 (H2), with a minor amount of MK-10 (H4) and MK-8 (H2). 26205207 10 53 theme mol 1078:1080 arg1 % 1081:1081 71.8 mol% 1073:1081 71.8 mol% 1073:1081 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 71.8 mol%. 26205207 10 53 theme mol 1078:1080 arg1 content 1025:1031 The G+C content 1017:1031 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1017:1050 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 71.8 mol%. 26205207 11 54 theme strain 1132:1137 arg1 T 1149:1149 T 1149:1149 T 1149:1149 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 54 theme strain 1132:1137 arg1 S0499 1143:1147 strain CFH S0499 1132:1147 strain CFH S0499(T) 1132:1150 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 55 theme notoginsengisoli 1413:1428 arg1 % 1449:1449 95.8 % 1444:1449 95.8 % 1444:1449 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 55 theme notoginsengisoli 1413:1428 arg1 SYP-B 1430:1434 Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575 1403:1438 Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %) 1403:1450 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 55 theme notoginsengisoli 1413:1428 arg1 T 1440:1440 T 1440:1440 T 1440:1440 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 56 theme DSM 1264:1266 arg1 20127 1268:1272 Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127 1243:1272 Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %) 1243:1284 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 56 theme DSM 1264:1266 arg1 % 1283:1283 98.3 % 1278:1283 98.3 % 1278:1283 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 56 theme DSM 1264:1266 arg1 T 1274:1274 T 1274:1274 T 1274:1274 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 57 theme CFH 1139:1141 arg1 T 1149:1149 T 1149:1149 T 1149:1149 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 57 theme CFH 1139:1141 arg1 S0499 1143:1147 strain CFH S0499 1132:1147 strain CFH S0499(T) 1132:1150 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 13 58 theme name 1732:1735 arg1 Sinomonas 1737:1745 the name Sinomonas 1728:1745 the name Sinomonas 1728:1745 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain CFH S0499(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas halotolerans sp. 26205207 13 59 theme phenotypic 1578:1587 arg1 analysis 1622:1629 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1578:1629 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis 1578:1629 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain CFH S0499(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas halotolerans sp. 26205207 10 60 theme DNA 1048:1050 arg1 % 1081:1081 71.8 mol% 1073:1081 71.8 mol% 1073:1081 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 71.8 mol%. 26205207 10 60 theme DNA 1048:1050 arg1 content 1025:1031 The G+C content 1017:1031 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1017:1050 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 71.8 mol%. 26205207 2 61 theme soil 158:161 arg1 sample 163:168 a soil sample 156:168 a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam 156:219 A novel actinobacterial strain, designated CFH S0499(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. 26205207 6 62 dep acid 503:506 arg1 acids 566:570 amino acids 560:570 amino acids 560:570 Chemotaxonomically, the peptidoglycan type was determined to be of the A3α type, with glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine as the major cell wall amino acids. 26205207 10 63 theme genomic 1040:1046 arg1 DNA 1048:1050 the genomic DNA 1036:1050 the genomic DNA 1036:1050 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 71.8 mol%. 26205207 13 64 theme genus 1701:1705 arg1 Sinomonas 1707:1715 the genus Sinomonas 1697:1715 the genus Sinomonas 1697:1715 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain CFH S0499(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas halotolerans sp. 26205207 8 65 theme unidentified 791:802 arg1 lipids 677:682 The polar lipids 667:682 The polar lipids 667:682 The polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids. 26205207 8 65 theme unidentified 791:802 arg1 phospholipids 804:816 two unidentified phospholipids 787:816 two unidentified phospholipids 787:816 The polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids. 26205207 11 66 dep Sinomonas 1184:1192 arg1 related 1209:1215 related 1209:1215 related 1209:1215 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 5 67 theme 0-7 396:398 arg1 % 400:400 % 400:400 % 400:400 Growth was found to occur at 0-7 % NaCl. 26205207 13 68 theme Sinomonas 1707:1715 arg1 species 1686:1692 a novel species 1678:1692 a novel species 1678:1692 Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain CFH S0499(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas halotolerans sp. 26205207 11 69 theme atrocyanea 1253:1262 arg1 20127 1268:1272 Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127 1243:1272 Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %) 1243:1284 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 69 theme atrocyanea 1253:1262 arg1 % 1283:1283 98.3 % 1278:1283 98.3 % 1278:1283 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 11 69 theme atrocyanea 1253:1262 arg1 T 1274:1274 T 1274:1274 T 1274:1274 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CFH S0499(T) should be assigned to the genus Sinomonas and is closely related to members of the species Sinomonas atrocyanea DSM 20127(T) (98.3 %), Sinomonas soli CW 59(T) (98.28 %), Sinomonas flava CW 108(T) (98.26 %), Sinomonas mesophila MPLK 26(T) (97.5 %) and Sinomonas notoginsengisoli SYP-B 575(T) (95.8 %). 26205207 14 70 theme CFH 1787:1789 arg1 S0499 1791:1795 CFH S0499 1787:1795 CFH S0499(T) as the type strain (=CCTCC AB2014300(T) = KCTC 39116(T)) 1787:1855 nov. is proposed, with CFH S0499(T) as the type strain (=CCTCC AB2014300(T) = KCTC 39116(T)). 26205207 14 70 theme CFH 1787:1789 arg1 T 1797:1797 T 1797:1797 T 1797:1797 nov. is proposed, with CFH S0499(T) as the type strain (=CCTCC AB2014300(T) = KCTC 39116(T)). 26205207 14 71 theme type 1807:1810 arg1 39116 1847:1851 =CCTCC AB2014300(T) = KCTC 39116 1820:1851 =CCTCC AB2014300(T) = KCTC 39116(T) 1820:1854 nov. is proposed, with CFH S0499(T) as the type strain (=CCTCC AB2014300(T) = KCTC 39116(T)). 26205207 14 71 theme type 1807:1810 arg1 strain 1812:1817 the type strain 1803:1817 the type strain (=CCTCC AB2014300(T) = KCTC 39116(T)) 1803:1855 nov. is proposed, with CFH S0499(T) as the type strain (=CCTCC AB2014300(T) = KCTC 39116(T)). 25788427 0 0 theme proteoglycans 73:85 arg1 effects 42:48 the effects 38:48 the effects of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and cGMP on axonal growth 38:111 MicroRNAs in the axon locally mediate the effects of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and cGMP on axonal growth. 25788427 1 1 theme axonal 145:150 arg1 growth 152:157 axonal growth 145:157 axonal growth 145:157 Axonal miRNAs locally regulate axonal growth by modulating local protein composition. 25788427 0 2 theme sulfate 65:71 arg1 proteoglycans 73:85 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans 53:85 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans 53:85 MicroRNAs in the axon locally mediate the effects of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and cGMP on axonal growth. 25788427 4 3 theme CSPG 825:828 arg1 effects 830:836 these CSPG effects 819:836 these CSPG effects 819:836 Specifically, CSPGs elevated and reduced axonal levels of miR-29c and integrin β1 (ITGB1) proteins, respectively, while elevation of cGMP levels overcame these CSPG effects. 25788427 3 4 theme CSPGs 408:412 arg1 application 393:403 axonal application 386:403 axonal application of CSPGs 386:412 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 25788427 6 5 theme axonal 1159:1164 arg1 growth 1166:1171 axonal growth 1159:1171 axonal growth 1159:1171 Together, our data demonstrate that axonal miRNAs play an important role in mediating the inhibitory action of CSPGs on axonal growth and that miR-29c at least partially mediates this process. 25788427 0 6 theme cGMP 91:94 arg1 effects 42:48 the effects 38:48 the effects of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and cGMP on axonal growth 38:111 MicroRNAs in the axon locally mediate the effects of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and cGMP on axonal growth. 25788427 0 7 from MicroRNAs 0:8 arg1 axon 17:20 the axon 13:20 the axon 13:20 MicroRNAs in the axon locally mediate the effects of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and cGMP on axonal growth. 25788427 5 8 theme axonal 992:997 arg1 levels 1007:1012 axonal protein levels 992:1012 axonal protein levels of ITGB1, FAK, and RhoA 992:1036 Gain-of- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that miR-29c in the distal axon mediates axonal growth downstream of CSPGs and cGMP by regulating axonal protein levels of ITGB1, FAK, and RhoA. 25788427 2 9 theme proteoglycans 290:302 arg1 effect 260:265 the inhibitory effect 245:265 the inhibitory effect of Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) on the axon 245:322 Whether localized miRNAs in the axon mediate the inhibitory effect of Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) on the axon remains unknown. 25788427 4 10 theme miR-29c 723:729 arg1 proteins 755:762 miR-29c and integrin β1 (ITGB1) proteins 723:762 miR-29c and integrin β1 (ITGB1) proteins 723:762 Specifically, CSPGs elevated and reduced axonal levels of miR-29c and integrin β1 (ITGB1) proteins, respectively, while elevation of cGMP levels overcame these CSPG effects. 25788427 5 11 theme distal 914:919 arg1 axon 921:924 the distal axon 910:924 the distal axon 910:924 Gain-of- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that miR-29c in the distal axon mediates axonal growth downstream of CSPGs and cGMP by regulating axonal protein levels of ITGB1, FAK, and RhoA. 25788427 0 12 from effects 42:48 arg1 growth 106:111 axonal growth 99:111 axonal growth 99:111 MicroRNAs in the axon locally mediate the effects of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and cGMP on axonal growth. 25788427 4 13 theme integrin 735:742 arg1 β1 744:745 integrin β1 735:745 integrin β1 735:745 Specifically, CSPGs elevated and reduced axonal levels of miR-29c and integrin β1 (ITGB1) proteins, respectively, while elevation of cGMP levels overcame these CSPG effects. 25788427 2 14 theme sulfate 282:288 arg1 CSPGs 305:309 CSPGs 305:309 CSPGs 305:309 Whether localized miRNAs in the axon mediate the inhibitory effect of Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) on the axon remains unknown. 25788427 2 14 theme sulfate 282:288 arg1 proteoglycans 290:302 Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans 270:302 Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) 270:310 Whether localized miRNAs in the axon mediate the inhibitory effect of Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) on the axon remains unknown. 25788427 3 15 from effect 595:600 arg1 inhibition 614:623 inhibition 614:623 inhibition of axonal growth 614:640 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 25788427 3 15 from effect 595:600 arg1 profiles 655:662 miRNA profiles 649:662 miRNA profiles 649:662 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 25788427 0 16 theme axonal 99:104 arg1 growth 106:111 axonal growth 99:111 axonal growth 99:111 MicroRNAs in the axon locally mediate the effects of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and cGMP on axonal growth. 25788427 4 17 theme levels 803:808 arg1 elevation 785:793 elevation 785:793 elevation of cGMP levels 785:808 Specifically, CSPGs elevated and reduced axonal levels of miR-29c and integrin β1 (ITGB1) proteins, respectively, while elevation of cGMP levels overcame these CSPG effects. 25788427 2 18 theme Chondroitin 270:280 arg1 CSPGs 305:309 CSPGs 305:309 CSPGs 305:309 Whether localized miRNAs in the axon mediate the inhibitory effect of Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) on the axon remains unknown. 25788427 2 18 theme Chondroitin 270:280 arg1 proteoglycans 290:302 Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans 270:302 Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) 270:310 Whether localized miRNAs in the axon mediate the inhibitory effect of Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) on the axon remains unknown. 25788427 2 19 from miRNAs 218:223 arg1 axon 232:235 the axon 228:235 the axon 228:235 Whether localized miRNAs in the axon mediate the inhibitory effect of Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) on the axon remains unknown. 25788427 3 20 theme axonal 424:429 arg1 growth 431:436 axonal growth 424:436 axonal growth 424:436 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 25788427 4 21 theme cGMP 798:801 arg1 levels 803:808 cGMP levels 798:808 cGMP levels 798:808 Specifically, CSPGs elevated and reduced axonal levels of miR-29c and integrin β1 (ITGB1) proteins, respectively, while elevation of cGMP levels overcame these CSPG effects. 25788427 6 22 from action 1140:1145 arg1 growth 1166:1171 axonal growth 1159:1171 axonal growth 1159:1171 Together, our data demonstrate that axonal miRNAs play an important role in mediating the inhibitory action of CSPGs on axonal growth and that miR-29c at least partially mediates this process. 25788427 3 23 theme cortical 368:375 arg1 neurons 377:383 cultured cortical neurons 359:383 cultured cortical neurons 359:383 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 25788427 6 24 dep partially 1199:1207 arg1 at 1190:1191 at 1190:1191 at 1190:1191 Together, our data demonstrate that axonal miRNAs play an important role in mediating the inhibitory action of CSPGs on axonal growth and that miR-29c at least partially mediates this process. 25788427 3 25 theme axonal 549:554 arg1 application 556:566 axonal application 549:566 axonal application of sildenafil 549:580 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 25788427 1 26 theme local 173:177 arg1 composition 187:197 local protein composition 173:197 local protein composition 173:197 Axonal miRNAs locally regulate axonal growth by modulating local protein composition. 25788427 2 27 theme localized 208:216 arg1 miRNAs 218:223 localized miRNAs 208:223 localized miRNAs in the axon 208:235 Whether localized miRNAs in the axon mediate the inhibitory effect of Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) on the axon remains unknown. 25788427 4 28 theme β1 744:745 arg1 proteins 755:762 miR-29c and integrin β1 (ITGB1) proteins 723:762 miR-29c and integrin β1 (ITGB1) proteins 723:762 Specifically, CSPGs elevated and reduced axonal levels of miR-29c and integrin β1 (ITGB1) proteins, respectively, while elevation of cGMP levels overcame these CSPG effects. 25788427 1 29 theme protein 179:185 arg1 composition 187:197 local protein composition 173:197 local protein composition 173:197 Axonal miRNAs locally regulate axonal growth by modulating local protein composition. 25788427 5 30 from miR-29c 899:905 arg1 axon 921:924 the distal axon 910:924 the distal axon 910:924 Gain-of- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that miR-29c in the distal axon mediates axonal growth downstream of CSPGs and cGMP by regulating axonal protein levels of ITGB1, FAK, and RhoA. 25788427 3 31 theme levels 539:544 arg1 elevation 481:489 elevation 481:489 elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil 481:580 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 25788427 5 32 theme axonal 935:940 arg1 growth 942:947 axonal growth 935:947 axonal growth 935:947 Gain-of- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that miR-29c in the distal axon mediates axonal growth downstream of CSPGs and cGMP by regulating axonal protein levels of ITGB1, FAK, and RhoA. 25788427 3 33 theme axonal 450:455 arg1 profiles 463:470 axonal miRNA profiles 450:470 axonal miRNA profiles 450:470 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 25788427 3 34 theme cultured 359:366 arg1 neurons 377:383 cultured cortical neurons 359:383 cultured cortical neurons 359:383 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 25788427 3 35 theme monophosphate 518:530 arg1 levels 539:544 axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels 494:544 axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels 494:544 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 25788427 3 36 theme axonal 628:633 arg1 growth 635:640 axonal growth 628:640 axonal growth 628:640 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 25788427 3 37 theme axonal 494:499 arg1 levels 539:544 axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels 494:544 axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels 494:544 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 25788427 2 38 from effect 260:265 arg1 axon 319:322 the axon 315:322 the axon 315:322 Whether localized miRNAs in the axon mediate the inhibitory effect of Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) on the axon remains unknown. 25788427 3 39 theme miRNA 457:461 arg1 profiles 463:470 axonal miRNA profiles 450:470 axonal miRNA profiles 450:470 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 25788427 3 40 theme growth 635:640 arg1 inhibition 614:623 inhibition 614:623 inhibition of axonal growth 614:640 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 25788427 5 41 theme ITGB1 1017:1021 arg1 levels 1007:1012 axonal protein levels 992:1012 axonal protein levels of ITGB1, FAK, and RhoA 992:1036 Gain-of- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that miR-29c in the distal axon mediates axonal growth downstream of CSPGs and cGMP by regulating axonal protein levels of ITGB1, FAK, and RhoA. 25788427 5 42 theme Gain-of- 839:846 arg1 experiments 869:879 Gain-of- and loss-of-function experiments 839:879 experiments 869:879 Gain-of- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that miR-29c in the distal axon mediates axonal growth downstream of CSPGs and cGMP by regulating axonal protein levels of ITGB1, FAK, and RhoA. 25788427 3 43 dep inhibited 414:422 arg1 whereas 473:479 whereas 473:479 whereas 473:479 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 25788427 6 44 theme axonal 1075:1080 arg1 miRNAs 1082:1087 axonal miRNAs 1075:1087 axonal miRNAs 1075:1087 Together, our data demonstrate that axonal miRNAs play an important role in mediating the inhibitory action of CSPGs on axonal growth and that miR-29c at least partially mediates this process. 25788427 3 45 theme axonal 386:391 arg1 application 393:403 axonal application 386:403 axonal application of CSPGs 386:412 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 25788427 6 46 theme inhibitory 1129:1138 arg1 action 1140:1145 the inhibitory action 1125:1145 the inhibitory action of CSPGs on axonal growth 1125:1171 Together, our data demonstrate that axonal miRNAs play an important role in mediating the inhibitory action of CSPGs on axonal growth and that miR-29c at least partially mediates this process. 25788427 3 47 theme miRNA 649:653 arg1 profiles 655:662 miRNA profiles 649:662 miRNA profiles 649:662 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 25788427 3 48 theme sildenafil 571:580 arg1 application 556:566 axonal application 549:566 axonal application of sildenafil 549:580 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 25788427 4 49 theme proteins 755:762 arg1 levels 713:718 axonal levels 706:718 axonal levels of miR-29c and integrin β1 (ITGB1) proteins 706:762 Specifically, CSPGs elevated and reduced axonal levels of miR-29c and integrin β1 (ITGB1) proteins, respectively, while elevation of cGMP levels overcame these CSPG effects. 25788427 3 50 theme CSPGs 605:609 arg1 effect 595:600 the effect 591:600 the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles 591:662 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 25788427 5 51 theme protein 999:1005 arg1 levels 1007:1012 axonal protein levels 992:1012 axonal protein levels of ITGB1, FAK, and RhoA 992:1036 Gain-of- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that miR-29c in the distal axon mediates axonal growth downstream of CSPGs and cGMP by regulating axonal protein levels of ITGB1, FAK, and RhoA. 25788427 1 52 theme Axonal 114:119 arg1 miRNAs 121:126 Axonal miRNAs 114:126 Axonal miRNAs 114:126 Axonal miRNAs locally regulate axonal growth by modulating local protein composition. 25788427 6 53 theme important 1097:1105 arg1 role 1107:1110 an important role 1094:1110 an important role 1094:1110 Together, our data demonstrate that axonal miRNAs play an important role in mediating the inhibitory action of CSPGs on axonal growth and that miR-29c at least partially mediates this process. 25788427 4 54 theme ITGB1 748:752 arg1 proteins 755:762 miR-29c and integrin β1 (ITGB1) proteins 723:762 miR-29c and integrin β1 (ITGB1) proteins 723:762 Specifically, CSPGs elevated and reduced axonal levels of miR-29c and integrin β1 (ITGB1) proteins, respectively, while elevation of cGMP levels overcame these CSPG effects. 25788427 5 55 theme FAK 1024:1026 arg1 levels 1007:1012 axonal protein levels 992:1012 axonal protein levels of ITGB1, FAK, and RhoA 992:1036 Gain-of- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that miR-29c in the distal axon mediates axonal growth downstream of CSPGs and cGMP by regulating axonal protein levels of ITGB1, FAK, and RhoA. 25788427 2 56 theme inhibitory 249:258 arg1 effect 260:265 the inhibitory effect 245:265 the inhibitory effect of Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) on the axon 245:322 Whether localized miRNAs in the axon mediate the inhibitory effect of Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) on the axon remains unknown. 25788427 5 57 theme RhoA 1033:1036 arg1 levels 1007:1012 axonal protein levels 992:1012 axonal protein levels of ITGB1, FAK, and RhoA 992:1036 Gain-of- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that miR-29c in the distal axon mediates axonal growth downstream of CSPGs and cGMP by regulating axonal protein levels of ITGB1, FAK, and RhoA. 25788427 5 58 theme loss-of-function 852:867 arg1 experiments 869:879 Gain-of- and loss-of-function experiments 839:879 experiments 869:879 Gain-of- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that miR-29c in the distal axon mediates axonal growth downstream of CSPGs and cGMP by regulating axonal protein levels of ITGB1, FAK, and RhoA. 25788427 4 59 theme axonal 706:711 arg1 levels 713:718 axonal levels 706:718 axonal levels of miR-29c and integrin β1 (ITGB1) proteins 706:762 Specifically, CSPGs elevated and reduced axonal levels of miR-29c and integrin β1 (ITGB1) proteins, respectively, while elevation of cGMP levels overcame these CSPG effects. 25788427 0 60 theme chondroitin 53:63 arg1 proteoglycans 73:85 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans 53:85 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans 53:85 MicroRNAs in the axon locally mediate the effects of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and cGMP on axonal growth. 25788427 6 61 theme CSPGs 1150:1154 arg1 action 1140:1145 the inhibitory action 1125:1145 the inhibitory action of CSPGs on axonal growth 1125:1171 Together, our data demonstrate that axonal miRNAs play an important role in mediating the inhibitory action of CSPGs on axonal growth and that miR-29c at least partially mediates this process. 25788427 3 62 theme cyclic 501:506 arg1 cGMP 533:536 cGMP 533:536 cGMP 533:536 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 25788427 3 62 theme cyclic 501:506 arg1 monophosphate 518:530 cyclic guanosine monophosphate 501:530 axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels 494:544 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 25788427 3 63 theme guanosine 508:516 arg1 cGMP 533:536 cGMP 533:536 cGMP 533:536 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 25788427 3 63 theme guanosine 508:516 arg1 monophosphate 518:530 cyclic guanosine monophosphate 501:530 axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels 494:544 We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. 28857030 6 0 theme 36.6 mol 855:862 arg1 content 825:831 The DNA G+C content 813:831 The DNA G+C content of strain B16-24T 813:849 The DNA G+C content of strain B16-24T was 36.6 mol%. 28857030 6 0 theme 36.6 mol 855:862 arg1 % 863:863 36.6 mol% 855:863 36.6 mol% 855:863 The DNA G+C content of strain B16-24T was 36.6 mol%. 28857030 7 1 theme akibai 1038:1043 arg1 % 1057:1057 97.4 % 1052:1057 97.4 % 1052:1057 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 7 1 theme akibai 1038:1043 arg1 1139T 1045:1049 B. akibai 1139T 1035:1049 B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %) 1035:1058 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 6 2 theme G+C 821:823 arg1 content 825:831 The DNA G+C content 813:831 The DNA G+C content of strain B16-24T 813:849 The DNA G+C content of strain B16-24T was 36.6 mol%. 28857030 6 2 theme G+C 821:823 arg1 % 863:863 36.6 mol% 855:863 36.6 mol% 855:863 The DNA G+C content of strain B16-24T was 36.6 mol%. 28857030 4 3 theme type 657:660 arg1 A1γ 662:664 type A1γ 657:664 type A1γ 657:664 The isolate was facultative anaerobic, catalase positive, oxidase negative, and contained a peptidoglycan of type A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28857030 7 4 theme B. 1100:1101 arg1 % 1124:1124 97.1 % 1119:1124 97.1 % 1119:1124 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 7 4 theme B. 1100:1101 arg1 N-1T 1113:1116 B. wakoensis N-1T 1100:1116 B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %) 1100:1125 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 7 5 theme 1139T 1045:1049 arg1 strains 986:992 the type strains 977:992 the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %) 977:1125 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 2 6 theme grass 310:314 arg1 soil 290:293 the rhizosphere soil 274:293 the rhizosphere soil of the bayonet grass 274:314 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and 7 % (w/v) NaCl, and designated B16-24T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the bayonet grass Bolboschoenus maritimus at a soda pond in the Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28857030 9 7 theme novel 1349:1353 arg1 species 1355:1361 a novel species 1347:1361 a novel species 1347:1361 The distinctive phenotypic and genetic results of this study confirmed that strain B16-24T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp. 28857030 9 8 theme genetic 1276:1282 arg1 results 1284:1290 The distinctive phenotypic and genetic results 1245:1290 The distinctive phenotypic and genetic results of this study 1245:1304 The distinctive phenotypic and genetic results of this study confirmed that strain B16-24T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp. 28857030 2 9 from pH 200:201 arg1 NaCl 226:229 7 % (w/v) NaCl 216:229 7 % (w/v) NaCl 216:229 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and 7 % (w/v) NaCl, and designated B16-24T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the bayonet grass Bolboschoenus maritimus at a soda pond in the Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28857030 2 9 from pH 200:201 arg1 growth 190:195 optimal growth 182:195 optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 182:210 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and 7 % (w/v) NaCl, and designated B16-24T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the bayonet grass Bolboschoenus maritimus at a soda pond in the Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28857030 6 10 theme B16-24T 843:849 arg1 content 825:831 The DNA G+C content 813:831 The DNA G+C content of strain B16-24T 813:849 The DNA G+C content of strain B16-24T was 36.6 mol%. 28857030 6 10 theme B16-24T 843:849 arg1 % 863:863 36.6 mol% 855:863 36.6 mol% 855:863 The DNA G+C content of strain B16-24T was 36.6 mol%. 28857030 1 11 theme alkaliphilic 42:53 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from soda soil. 28857030 1 11 theme alkaliphilic 42:53 arg1 bacterium 81:89 a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterium 34:89 a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterium 34:89 nov., a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from soda soil. 28857030 9 12 theme name 1404:1407 arg1 sp 1433:1434 name Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp 1404:1434 the name Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp 1400:1434 The distinctive phenotypic and genetic results of this study confirmed that strain B16-24T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp. 28857030 7 13 contain had 944:946 arg2 similarities 961:972 the greatest similarities 948:972 the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %) 948:1125 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 7 13 contain had 944:946 arg1 isolate 936:942 the novel isolate 926:942 the novel isolate 926:942 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 6 14 theme strain 836:841 arg1 B16-24T 843:849 strain B16-24T 836:849 strain B16-24T 836:849 The DNA G+C content of strain B16-24T was 36.6 mol%. 28857030 7 15 theme B. 1035:1036 arg1 % 1057:1057 97.4 % 1052:1057 97.4 % 1052:1057 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 7 15 theme B. 1035:1036 arg1 1139T 1045:1049 B. akibai 1139T 1035:1049 B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %) 1035:1058 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 7 16 theme gene-based 879:888 arg1 analysis 903:910 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis 866:910 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis 866:910 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 8 17 theme Bacillus 1194:1201 arg1 species 1203:1209 the closely related Bacillus species 1174:1209 the closely related Bacillus species 1174:1209 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain B16-24T and the closely related Bacillus species ranged between 24±6 % and 35±3 %. 28857030 2 18 theme halophilic 147:156 arg1 strain 158:163 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain 116:163 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and 7 % (w/v) NaCl 116:229 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and 7 % (w/v) NaCl, and designated B16-24T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the bayonet grass Bolboschoenus maritimus at a soda pond in the Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28857030 7 19 theme phylogenetic 890:901 arg1 analysis 903:910 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis 866:910 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis 866:910 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 8 20 theme 24±6  1226:1230 arg1 % 1242:1242 24±6 % and 35±3 % 1226:1242 24±6 % and 35±3 % 1226:1242 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain B16-24T and the closely related Bacillus species ranged between 24±6 % and 35±3 %. 28857030 9 21 theme Bacillus 1409:1416 arg1 sp 1433:1434 name Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp 1404:1434 the name Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp 1400:1434 The distinctive phenotypic and genetic results of this study confirmed that strain B16-24T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp. 28857030 11 22 theme 29791T=NCAIM 1488:1499 arg1 B.02610T 1501:1508 =DSM 29791T=NCAIM B.02610T 1483:1508 =DSM 29791T=NCAIM B.02610T 1483:1508 The type strain is B16-24T (=DSM 29791T=NCAIM B.02610T). 28857030 11 22 theme 29791T=NCAIM 1488:1499 arg1 B16-24T 1474:1480 B16-24T 1474:1480 B16-24T (=DSM 29791T=NCAIM B.02610T) 1474:1509 The type strain is B16-24T (=DSM 29791T=NCAIM B.02610T). 28857030 7 23 theme 16S 870:872 arg1 rRNA 874:877 The 16S rRNA 866:877 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis 866:910 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 1 24 theme halophilic 70:79 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from soda soil. 28857030 1 24 theme halophilic 70:79 arg1 bacterium 81:89 a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterium 34:89 a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterium 34:89 nov., a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from soda soil. 28857030 9 25 theme study 1300:1304 arg1 results 1284:1290 The distinctive phenotypic and genetic results 1245:1290 The distinctive phenotypic and genetic results of this study 1245:1304 The distinctive phenotypic and genetic results of this study confirmed that strain B16-24T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp. 28857030 0 26 theme kiskunsagensis 9:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp 0:25 Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp. 0:26 Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp. 28857030 3 27 theme central 483:489 arg1 endospores 504:513 central, ellipsoidal endospores 483:513 central, ellipsoidal endospores 483:513 Cells of the strain were Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, straight rods, and formed central, ellipsoidal endospores with slightly swollen sporangia. 28857030 7 28 theme rRNA 874:877 arg1 analysis 903:910 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis 866:910 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis 866:910 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 2 29 theme rhizosphere 278:288 arg1 soil 290:293 the rhizosphere soil 274:293 the rhizosphere soil of the bayonet grass 274:314 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and 7 % (w/v) NaCl, and designated B16-24T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the bayonet grass Bolboschoenus maritimus at a soda pond in the Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28857030 0 30 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 24:25 Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp 0:25 Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp. 0:26 Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp. 28857030 9 31 theme kiskunsagensis 1418:1431 arg1 sp 1433:1434 name Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp 1404:1434 the name Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp 1400:1434 The distinctive phenotypic and genetic results of this study confirmed that strain B16-24T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp. 28857030 3 32 theme swollen 529:535 arg1 sporangia 537:545 slightly swollen sporangia 520:545 slightly swollen sporangia 520:545 Cells of the strain were Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, straight rods, and formed central, ellipsoidal endospores with slightly swollen sporangia. 28857030 7 33 dep B. 1061:1062 arg1 alkalisediminis 1064:1078 alkalisediminis 1064:1078 alkalisediminis 1064:1078 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 8 34 theme related 1186:1192 arg1 species 1203:1209 the closely related Bacillus species 1174:1209 the closely related Bacillus species 1174:1209 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain B16-24T and the closely related Bacillus species ranged between 24±6 % and 35±3 %. 28857030 3 35 theme strain 409:414 arg1 Cells 396:400 Cells 396:400 Cells of the strain 396:414 Cells of the strain were Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, straight rods, and formed central, ellipsoidal endospores with slightly swollen sporangia. 28857030 7 36 theme B. 1061:1062 arg1 % 1093:1093 97.3 % 1088:1093 97.3 % 1088:1093 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 7 36 theme B. 1061:1062 arg1 K1-25T 1080:1085 B. alkalisediminis K1-25T 1061:1085 B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) 1061:1094 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 2 37 attach isolated 260:267 arg2 strain 158:163 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain 116:163 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and 7 % (w/v) NaCl 116:229 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and 7 % (w/v) NaCl, and designated B16-24T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the bayonet grass Bolboschoenus maritimus at a soda pond in the Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28857030 2 37 attach isolated 260:267 arg1 soil 290:293 the rhizosphere soil 274:293 the rhizosphere soil of the bayonet grass 274:314 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and 7 % (w/v) NaCl, and designated B16-24T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the bayonet grass Bolboschoenus maritimus at a soda pond in the Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28857030 2 37 attach isolated 260:267 arg2 B16-24T 247:253 designated B16-24T 236:253 designated B16-24T 236:253 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and 7 % (w/v) NaCl, and designated B16-24T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the bayonet grass Bolboschoenus maritimus at a soda pond in the Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28857030 7 38 theme Kh10-101T 1015:1023 arg1 strains 986:992 the type strains 977:992 the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %) 977:1125 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 6 39 theme DNA 817:819 arg1 content 825:831 The DNA G+C content 813:831 The DNA G+C content of strain B16-24T 813:849 The DNA G+C content of strain B16-24T was 36.6 mol%. 28857030 6 39 theme DNA 817:819 arg1 % 863:863 36.6 mol% 855:863 36.6 mol% 855:863 The DNA G+C content of strain B16-24T was 36.6 mol%. 28857030 1 40 theme soda 105:108 arg1 soil 110:113 soda soil 105:113 soda soil 105:113 nov., a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from soda soil. 28857030 8 41 theme  and 1232:1235 arg1 % 1242:1242 24±6 % and 35±3 % 1226:1242 24±6 % and 35±3 % 1226:1242 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain B16-24T and the closely related Bacillus species ranged between 24±6 % and 35±3 %. 28857030 5 42 theme major 786:790 arg1 acid 807:810 the major cellular fatty acid 782:810 the major cellular fatty acid 782:810 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 the major cellular fatty acid. 28857030 5 43 theme predominant 730:740 arg1 quinone 753:759 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 726:759 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 726:759 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 the major cellular fatty acid. 28857030 5 43 theme predominant 730:740 arg1 Menaquinone-7 701:713 Menaquinone-7 701:713 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 701:720 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 the major cellular fatty acid. 28857030 4 44 theme A1γ 662:664 arg1 peptidoglycan 640:652 a peptidoglycan 638:652 a peptidoglycan of type A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid 638:698 The isolate was facultative anaerobic, catalase positive, oxidase negative, and contained a peptidoglycan of type A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28857030 2 45 theme optimal 182:188 arg1 growth 190:195 optimal growth 182:195 optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 182:210 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and 7 % (w/v) NaCl, and designated B16-24T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the bayonet grass Bolboschoenus maritimus at a soda pond in the Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28857030 2 46 theme w/v 221:223 arg1 NaCl 226:229 7 % (w/v) NaCl 216:229 7 % (w/v) NaCl 216:229 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and 7 % (w/v) NaCl, and designated B16-24T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the bayonet grass Bolboschoenus maritimus at a soda pond in the Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28857030 5 47 theme cellular 792:799 arg1 acid 807:810 the major cellular fatty acid 782:810 the major cellular fatty acid 782:810 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 the major cellular fatty acid. 28857030 5 48 theme isoprenoid 742:751 arg1 quinone 753:759 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 726:759 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 726:759 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 the major cellular fatty acid. 28857030 5 48 theme isoprenoid 742:751 arg1 Menaquinone-7 701:713 Menaquinone-7 701:713 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 701:720 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 the major cellular fatty acid. 28857030 7 49 theme Bacillus 997:1004 arg1 % 1031:1031 97.8 % 1026:1031 97.8 % 1026:1031 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 7 49 theme Bacillus 997:1004 arg1 Kh10-101T 1015:1023 Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T 997:1023 Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %) 997:1032 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 7 50 theme greatest 952:959 arg1 similarities 961:972 the greatest similarities 948:972 the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %) 948:1125 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 5 51 theme fatty 801:805 arg1 acid 807:810 the major cellular fatty acid 782:810 the major cellular fatty acid 782:810 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 the major cellular fatty acid. 28857030 8 52 theme strain 1155:1160 arg1 B16-24T 1162:1168 strain B16-24T 1155:1168 strain B16-24T 1155:1168 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain B16-24T and the closely related Bacillus species ranged between 24±6 % and 35±3 %. 28857030 7 53 theme type 981:984 arg1 strains 986:992 the type strains 977:992 the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %) 977:1125 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 7 54 dep Bacillus 997:1004 arg1 okhensis 1006:1013 okhensis 1006:1013 okhensis 1006:1013 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 2 55 theme % 218:218 arg1 NaCl 226:229 7 % (w/v) NaCl 216:229 7 % (w/v) NaCl 216:229 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and 7 % (w/v) NaCl, and designated B16-24T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the bayonet grass Bolboschoenus maritimus at a soda pond in the Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28857030 8 56 theme % 1231:1231 arg1 % 1242:1242 24±6 % and 35±3 % 1226:1242 24±6 % and 35±3 % 1226:1242 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain B16-24T and the closely related Bacillus species ranged between 24±6 % and 35±3 %. 28857030 2 57 theme bayonet 302:308 arg1 grass 310:314 the bayonet grass 298:314 the bayonet grass 298:314 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and 7 % (w/v) NaCl, and designated B16-24T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the bayonet grass Bolboschoenus maritimus at a soda pond in the Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28857030 11 58 theme =DSM 1483:1486 arg1 B.02610T 1501:1508 =DSM 29791T=NCAIM B.02610T 1483:1508 =DSM 29791T=NCAIM B.02610T 1483:1508 The type strain is B16-24T (=DSM 29791T=NCAIM B.02610T). 28857030 11 58 theme =DSM 1483:1486 arg1 B16-24T 1474:1480 B16-24T 1474:1480 B16-24T (=DSM 29791T=NCAIM B.02610T) 1474:1509 The type strain is B16-24T (=DSM 29791T=NCAIM B.02610T). 28857030 2 59 theme alkaliphilic 119:130 arg1 strain 158:163 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain 116:163 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and 7 % (w/v) NaCl 116:229 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and 7 % (w/v) NaCl, and designated B16-24T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the bayonet grass Bolboschoenus maritimus at a soda pond in the Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28857030 2 60 theme 7  216:217 arg1 NaCl 226:229 7 % (w/v) NaCl 216:229 7 % (w/v) NaCl 216:229 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and 7 % (w/v) NaCl, and designated B16-24T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the bayonet grass Bolboschoenus maritimus at a soda pond in the Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28857030 3 61 dep central 483:489 arg1 ellipsoidal 492:502 ellipsoidal 492:502 ellipsoidal 492:502 Cells of the strain were Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, straight rods, and formed central, ellipsoidal endospores with slightly swollen sporangia. 28857030 4 62 contain contained 628:636 arg1 isolate 552:558 The isolate 548:558 The isolate 548:558 The isolate was facultative anaerobic, catalase positive, oxidase negative, and contained a peptidoglycan of type A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28857030 4 62 contain contained 628:636 arg1 negative 614:621 negative 614:621 negative 614:621 The isolate was facultative anaerobic, catalase positive, oxidase negative, and contained a peptidoglycan of type A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28857030 4 62 contain contained 628:636 arg2 peptidoglycan 640:652 a peptidoglycan 638:652 a peptidoglycan of type A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid 638:698 The isolate was facultative anaerobic, catalase positive, oxidase negative, and contained a peptidoglycan of type A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28857030 2 63 from pond 350:353 arg1 Hungary 387:393 Hungary 387:393 Hungary 387:393 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and 7 % (w/v) NaCl, and designated B16-24T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the bayonet grass Bolboschoenus maritimus at a soda pond in the Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28857030 3 64 theme Gram-staining-positive 421:442 arg1 rods 466:469 Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, straight rods 421:469 Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, straight rods 421:469 Cells of the strain were Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, straight rods, and formed central, ellipsoidal endospores with slightly swollen sporangia. 28857030 9 65 dep genus 1374:1378 arg1 Bacillus 1380:1387 the genus Bacillus 1370:1387 the genus Bacillus 1370:1387 The distinctive phenotypic and genetic results of this study confirmed that strain B16-24T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp. 28857030 2 66 theme designated 236:245 arg1 B16-24T 247:253 designated B16-24T 236:253 designated B16-24T 236:253 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and 7 % (w/v) NaCl, and designated B16-24T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the bayonet grass Bolboschoenus maritimus at a soda pond in the Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28857030 3 67 dep Gram-staining-positive 421:442 arg1 non-motile 445:454 non-motile 445:454 non-motile 445:454 Cells of the strain were Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, straight rods, and formed central, ellipsoidal endospores with slightly swollen sporangia. 28857030 3 67 dep Gram-staining-positive 421:442 arg1 straight 457:464 straight 457:464 straight 457:464 Cells of the strain were Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, straight rods, and formed central, ellipsoidal endospores with slightly swollen sporangia. 28857030 7 68 theme novel 930:934 arg1 isolate 936:942 the novel isolate 926:942 the novel isolate 926:942 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 8 69 theme B16-24T 1162:1168 arg1 relatedness 1140:1150 The DNA-DNA relatedness 1128:1150 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain B16-24T and the closely related Bacillus species 1128:1209 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain B16-24T and the closely related Bacillus species ranged between 24±6 % and 35±3 %. 28857030 8 70 theme species 1203:1209 arg1 relatedness 1140:1150 The DNA-DNA relatedness 1128:1150 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain B16-24T and the closely related Bacillus species 1128:1209 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain B16-24T and the closely related Bacillus species ranged between 24±6 % and 35±3 %. 28857030 4 71 theme meso-diaminopimelic 675:693 arg1 acid 695:698 meso-diaminopimelic acid 675:698 meso-diaminopimelic acid 675:698 The isolate was facultative anaerobic, catalase positive, oxidase negative, and contained a peptidoglycan of type A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. 28857030 8 72 theme DNA-DNA 1132:1138 arg1 relatedness 1140:1150 The DNA-DNA relatedness 1128:1150 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain B16-24T and the closely related Bacillus species 1128:1209 The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain B16-24T and the closely related Bacillus species ranged between 24±6 % and 35±3 %. 28857030 9 73 theme strain 1321:1326 arg1 B16-24T 1328:1334 strain B16-24T 1321:1334 strain B16-24T 1321:1334 The distinctive phenotypic and genetic results of this study confirmed that strain B16-24T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp. 28857030 9 74 theme distinctive 1249:1259 arg1 results 1284:1290 The distinctive phenotypic and genetic results 1245:1290 The distinctive phenotypic and genetic results of this study 1245:1304 The distinctive phenotypic and genetic results of this study confirmed that strain B16-24T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp. 28857030 7 75 theme N-1T 1113:1116 arg1 strains 986:992 the type strains 977:992 the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %) 977:1125 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 2 76 from Hungary 387:393 arg1 pond 350:353 pond 350:353 pond 350:353 An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and 7 % (w/v) NaCl, and designated B16-24T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the bayonet grass Bolboschoenus maritimus at a soda pond in the Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. 28857030 1 77 theme novel 36:40 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from soda soil. 28857030 1 77 theme novel 36:40 arg1 bacterium 81:89 a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterium 34:89 a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterium 34:89 nov., a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from soda soil. 28857030 11 78 theme type 1459:1462 arg1 strain 1464:1469 The type strain 1455:1469 The type strain 1455:1469 The type strain is B16-24T (=DSM 29791T=NCAIM B.02610T). 28857030 11 78 theme type 1459:1462 arg1 B16-24T 1474:1480 B16-24T 1474:1480 B16-24T (=DSM 29791T=NCAIM B.02610T) 1474:1509 The type strain is B16-24T (=DSM 29791T=NCAIM B.02610T). 28857030 7 79 dep B. 1100:1101 arg1 wakoensis 1103:1111 wakoensis 1103:1111 wakoensis 1103:1111 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 7 80 theme K1-25T 1080:1085 arg1 strains 986:992 the type strains 977:992 the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %) 977:1125 The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate had the greatest similarities to the type strains of Bacillus okhensis Kh10-101T (97.8 %), B. akibai 1139T (97.4 %), B. alkalisediminis K1-25T (97.3 %) and B. wakoensis N-1T (97.1 %). 28857030 9 81 theme phenotypic 1261:1270 arg1 results 1284:1290 The distinctive phenotypic and genetic results 1245:1290 The distinctive phenotypic and genetic results of this study 1245:1304 The distinctive phenotypic and genetic results of this study confirmed that strain B16-24T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus kiskunsagensis sp. 27031370 8 0 theme polar 1092:1096 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1110:1131 diphosphatidylglycerol 1110:1131 diphosphatidylglycerol 1110:1131 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. 27031370 8 0 theme polar 1092:1096 arg1 lipids 1098:1103 The polar lipids 1088:1103 The polar lipids 1088:1103 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. 27031370 12 1 theme DNA 1429:1431 arg1 content 1437:1443 The DNA G+C content 1425:1443 The DNA G+C content of strains UC12T and UC33T 1425:1470 The DNA G+C content of strains UC12T and UC33T was 72.7 mol% and 68.8 mol%, respectively. 27031370 12 1 theme DNA 1429:1431 arg1 % 1484:1484 72.7 mol% 1476:1484 72.7 mol% 1476:1484 The DNA G+C content of strains UC12T and UC33T was 72.7 mol% and 68.8 mol%, respectively. 27031370 5 2 theme DNA-DNA 616:622 arg1 hybridization 624:636 DNA-DNA hybridization 616:636 DNA-DNA hybridization 616:636 DNA-DNA hybridization showed 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. 27031370 10 3 theme whole 1383:1387 arg1 cells 1389:1393 whole cells 1383:1393 whole cells 1383:1393 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and galactose, glucose, arabinose and ribose were detected in whole cells. 27031370 7 4 dep C16 1027:1029 arg1 10-methyl 1077:1085 10-methyl 1077:1085 10-methyl 1077:1085 The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, summed feature 3, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 0 10-methyl. 27031370 4 5 theme genus 387:391 arg1 Rhodococcus 393:403 the genus Rhodococcus 383:403 the genus Rhodococcus 383:403 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 14 6 theme names 1856:1860 arg1 sp 1883:1884 the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp 1852:1884 the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp 1852:1884 Based on the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features and the DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolates and type strains of closely related species, we propose that these bacteria be classified as novel species of the genus Rhodococcus with the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp. 27031370 4 7 theme pairwise 347:354 arg1 similarity 356:365 close pairwise similarity 341:365 close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus 341:403 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 3 8 attach isolated 181:188 arg2 UC12T 159:163 UC12T 159:163 UC12T 159:163 Two novel actinobacterial strains, UC12T and UC33T, were isolated from forest topsoil in Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea. 27031370 3 8 attach isolated 181:188 arg1 topsoil 202:208 forest topsoil 195:208 forest topsoil in Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea 195:243 Two novel actinobacterial strains, UC12T and UC33T, were isolated from forest topsoil in Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea. 27031370 3 8 attach isolated 181:188 arg2 strains 150:156 Two novel actinobacterial strains 124:156 Two novel actinobacterial strains 124:156 Two novel actinobacterial strains, UC12T and UC33T, were isolated from forest topsoil in Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea. 27031370 3 8 attach isolated 181:188 arg2 UC33T 169:173 UC33T 169:173 UC33T 169:173 Two novel actinobacterial strains, UC12T and UC33T, were isolated from forest topsoil in Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea. 27031370 9 9 theme major 1221:1225 arg1 quinone 1227:1233 The major quinone 1217:1233 The major quinone derived 1217:1241 The major quinone derived was MK-8(H2). 27031370 9 9 theme major 1221:1225 arg1 MK-8 1247:1250 MK-8 1247:1250 MK-8 1247:1250 The major quinone derived was MK-8(H2). 27031370 14 10 theme genus 1829:1833 arg1 Rhodococcus 1835:1845 the genus Rhodococcus 1825:1845 the genus Rhodococcus 1825:1845 Based on the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features and the DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolates and type strains of closely related species, we propose that these bacteria be classified as novel species of the genus Rhodococcus with the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp. 27031370 7 11 theme summed 1036:1041 arg1 feature 1043:1049 summed feature 3 1036:1051 summed feature 3 1036:1051 The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, summed feature 3, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 0 10-methyl. 27031370 14 12 theme genotypic 1645:1653 arg1 features 1655:1662 the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features 1610:1662 the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features 1610:1662 Based on the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features and the DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolates and type strains of closely related species, we propose that these bacteria be classified as novel species of the genus Rhodococcus with the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp. 27031370 7 13 theme fatty 1010:1014 arg1 C16 1027:1029 C16 1027:1029 C16 1027:1029 The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, summed feature 3, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 0 10-methyl. 27031370 7 13 theme fatty 1010:1014 arg1 acids 1016:1020 The major fatty acids 1000:1020 The major fatty acids 1000:1020 The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, summed feature 3, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 0 10-methyl. 27031370 5 14 theme Rhodococcus 819:829 arg1 species 798:804 the closest species 786:804 the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus 786:829 DNA-DNA hybridization showed 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. 27031370 16 15 dep nov 1966:1968 arg1 111581T 2007:2013 type strain UC33T=KACC 18500T=NBRC 111581T 1972:2013 type strain UC33T=KACC 18500T=NBRC 111581T 1972:2013 nov. (type strain UC33T=KACC 18500T=NBRC 111581T). 27031370 2 16 theme antibiotic-producing 69:88 arg1 actinomycetes 90:102 two antibiotic-producing actinomycetes 65:102 two antibiotic-producing actinomycetes 65:102 nov., two antibiotic-producing actinomycetes isolated from soil. 27031370 5 17 theme % 657:657 arg1 similarity 667:676 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity 645:676 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T 645:708 DNA-DNA hybridization showed 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. 27031370 14 18 theme biochemical 1629:1639 arg1 features 1655:1662 the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features 1610:1662 the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features 1610:1662 Based on the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features and the DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolates and type strains of closely related species, we propose that these bacteria be classified as novel species of the genus Rhodococcus with the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp. 27031370 14 19 theme novel 1808:1812 arg1 bacteria 1782:1789 these bacteria 1776:1789 these bacteria 1776:1789 Based on the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features and the DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolates and type strains of closely related species, we propose that these bacteria be classified as novel species of the genus Rhodococcus with the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp. 27031370 14 19 theme novel 1808:1812 arg1 species 1814:1820 novel species 1808:1820 novel species of the genus Rhodococcus with the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp 1808:1884 Based on the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features and the DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolates and type strains of closely related species, we propose that these bacteria be classified as novel species of the genus Rhodococcus with the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp. 27031370 14 20 theme physiological 1614:1626 arg1 features 1655:1662 the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features 1610:1662 the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features 1610:1662 Based on the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features and the DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolates and type strains of closely related species, we propose that these bacteria be classified as novel species of the genus Rhodococcus with the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp. 27031370 5 21 theme % 867:867 arg1 relatedness 877:887 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness 855:887 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness 855:887 DNA-DNA hybridization showed 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. 27031370 4 22 theme Rhodococcus 469:479 arg1 similarity 538:547 98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 507:547 98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 507:547 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 4 22 theme Rhodococcus 469:479 arg1 353T 501:504 Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T 469:504 Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 469:548 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 15 23 theme type 1893:1896 arg1 111580T 1928:1934 type strain UC12T=KACC 18499T=NBRC 111580T 1893:1934 type strain UC12T=KACC 18499T=NBRC 111580T 1893:1934 nov. (type strain UC12T=KACC 18499T=NBRC 111580T) and Rhodococcus humicola sp. 27031370 15 23 theme type 1893:1896 arg1 nov 1887:1889 nov 1887:1889 nov 1887:1889 nov. (type strain UC12T=KACC 18499T=NBRC 111580T) and Rhodococcus humicola sp. 27031370 3 24 theme actinobacterial 134:148 arg1 UC33T 169:173 UC33T 169:173 UC33T 169:173 Two novel actinobacterial strains, UC12T and UC33T, were isolated from forest topsoil in Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea. 27031370 3 24 theme actinobacterial 134:148 arg1 UC12T 159:163 UC12T 159:163 UC12T 159:163 Two novel actinobacterial strains, UC12T and UC33T, were isolated from forest topsoil in Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea. 27031370 3 24 theme actinobacterial 134:148 arg1 strains 150:156 Two novel actinobacterial strains 124:156 Two novel actinobacterial strains 124:156 Two novel actinobacterial strains, UC12T and UC33T, were isolated from forest topsoil in Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea. 27031370 14 25 dep isolates 1706:1713 arg1 the 1702:1704 the 1702:1704 the 1702:1704 Based on the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features and the DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolates and type strains of closely related species, we propose that these bacteria be classified as novel species of the genus Rhodococcus with the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp. 27031370 5 26 theme relatedness 745:755 arg1 values 757:762 DNA-DNA relatedness values 737:762 DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % 737:779 DNA-DNA hybridization showed 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. 27031370 4 27 theme MBRL 496:499 arg1 similarity 538:547 98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 507:547 98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 507:547 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 4 27 theme MBRL 496:499 arg1 353T 501:504 Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T 469:504 Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 469:548 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 10 28 contain contained 1285:1293 arg2 acid 1315:1318 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1295:1318 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1295:1318 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and galactose, glucose, arabinose and ribose were detected in whole cells. 27031370 10 28 contain contained 1285:1293 arg1 peptidoglycan 1271:1283 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1257:1283 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1257:1283 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and galactose, glucose, arabinose and ribose were detected in whole cells. 27031370 4 29 theme full-length 277:287 arg1 sequences 303:311 nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences 270:311 nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T 270:330 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 6 30 theme similar 960:966 arg1 characteristics 983:997 similar chemotaxonomic characteristics 960:997 similar chemotaxonomic characteristics 960:997 Both strains showed similar chemotaxonomic characteristics. 27031370 10 31 theme cell-wall 1261:1269 arg1 peptidoglycan 1271:1283 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1257:1283 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1257:1283 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and galactose, glucose, arabinose and ribose were detected in whole cells. 27031370 5 32 theme strain 717:722 arg1 UC12T 724:728 strain UC12T 717:728 strain UC12T 717:728 DNA-DNA hybridization showed 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. 27031370 4 33 theme rRNA 293:296 arg1 sequences 303:311 nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences 270:311 nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T 270:330 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 3 34 theme forest 195:200 arg1 topsoil 202:208 forest topsoil 195:208 forest topsoil in Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea 195:243 Two novel actinobacterial strains, UC12T and UC33T, were isolated from forest topsoil in Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea. 27031370 0 35 theme Rhodococcus 0:10 arg1 sp 21:22 Rhodococcus pedocola sp 0:22 Rhodococcus pedocola sp. 0:23 Rhodococcus pedocola sp. 27031370 4 36 theme Comparative 246:256 arg1 analysis 258:265 Comparative analysis 246:265 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T 246:330 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 4 37 theme rRNA 519:522 arg1 353T 501:504 Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T 469:504 Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 469:548 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 4 37 theme rRNA 519:522 arg1 similarity 538:547 98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 507:547 98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 507:547 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 15 38 theme humicola 1953:1960 arg1 sp 1962:1963 Rhodococcus humicola sp 1941:1963 Rhodococcus humicola sp 1941:1963 nov. (type strain UC12T=KACC 18499T=NBRC 111580T) and Rhodococcus humicola sp. 27031370 5 39 theme Rhodococcus 927:937 arg1 species 906:912 the closest species 894:912 the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus 894:937 DNA-DNA hybridization showed 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. 27031370 4 40 theme sequence 529:536 arg1 353T 501:504 Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T 469:504 Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 469:548 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 4 40 theme sequence 529:536 arg1 similarity 538:547 98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 507:547 98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 507:547 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 3 41 from topsoil 202:208 arg1 South 233:237 South 233:237 South 233:237 Two novel actinobacterial strains, UC12T and UC33T, were isolated from forest topsoil in Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea. 27031370 3 41 from topsoil 202:208 arg1 Gyeonggi-Do 220:230 Gyeonggi-Do 220:230 Gyeonggi-Do 220:230 Two novel actinobacterial strains, UC12T and UC33T, were isolated from forest topsoil in Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea. 27031370 3 41 from topsoil 202:208 arg1 Korea 239:243 Korea 239:243 Korea 239:243 Two novel actinobacterial strains, UC12T and UC33T, were isolated from forest topsoil in Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea. 27031370 4 42 theme UC33T 326:330 arg1 sequences 303:311 nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences 270:311 nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T 270:330 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 4 43 with similarity 356:365 arg1 species 372:378 species 372:378 species of the genus Rhodococcus 372:403 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 14 44 theme related 1743:1749 arg1 species 1751:1757 closely related species 1735:1757 closely related species 1735:1757 Based on the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features and the DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolates and type strains of closely related species, we propose that these bacteria be classified as novel species of the genus Rhodococcus with the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp. 27031370 13 45 theme bacterial 1566:1574 arg1 pathogens 1576:1584 bacterial pathogens 1566:1584 bacterial pathogens but not fungi 1566:1598 Both strains produced antibiotic(s) that inhibited bacterial pathogens but not fungi. 27031370 10 46 located detected 1371:1378 arg2 ribose 1359:1364 ribose 1359:1364 ribose 1359:1364 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and galactose, glucose, arabinose and ribose were detected in whole cells. 27031370 10 46 located detected 1371:1378 arg2 arabinose 1345:1353 arabinose 1345:1353 arabinose 1345:1353 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and galactose, glucose, arabinose and ribose were detected in whole cells. 27031370 10 46 located detected 1371:1378 arg2 glucose 1336:1342 glucose 1336:1342 glucose 1336:1342 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and galactose, glucose, arabinose and ribose were detected in whole cells. 27031370 10 46 located detected 1371:1378 arg2 galactose 1325:1333 galactose 1325:1333 galactose 1325:1333 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and galactose, glucose, arabinose and ribose were detected in whole cells. 27031370 10 46 located detected 1371:1378 arg1 cells 1389:1393 whole cells 1383:1393 whole cells 1383:1393 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and galactose, glucose, arabinose and ribose were detected in whole cells. 27031370 5 47 theme % 779:779 arg1 values 757:762 DNA-DNA relatedness values 737:762 DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % 737:779 DNA-DNA hybridization showed 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. 27031370 4 48 theme close 341:345 arg1 similarity 356:365 close pairwise similarity 341:365 close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus 341:403 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 4 49 theme % 513:513 arg1 353T 501:504 Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T 469:504 Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 469:548 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 4 49 theme % 513:513 arg1 similarity 538:547 98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 507:547 98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 507:547 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 15 50 theme UC12T=KACC 1905:1914 arg1 111580T 1928:1934 type strain UC12T=KACC 18499T=NBRC 111580T 1893:1934 type strain UC12T=KACC 18499T=NBRC 111580T 1893:1934 nov. (type strain UC12T=KACC 18499T=NBRC 111580T) and Rhodococcus humicola sp. 27031370 15 50 theme UC12T=KACC 1905:1914 arg1 nov 1887:1889 nov 1887:1889 nov 1887:1889 nov. (type strain UC12T=KACC 18499T=NBRC 111580T) and Rhodococcus humicola sp. 27031370 14 51 theme type 1719:1722 arg1 strains 1724:1730 type strains 1719:1730 type strains 1719:1730 Based on the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features and the DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolates and type strains of closely related species, we propose that these bacteria be classified as novel species of the genus Rhodococcus with the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp. 27031370 4 52 theme sequences 303:311 arg1 analysis 258:265 Comparative analysis 246:265 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T 246:330 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 4 53 theme IMMIB 576:580 arg1 RIV-085T 582:589 Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T 554:589 Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %) 554:599 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 4 53 theme IMMIB 576:580 arg1 % 598:598 97.71 % 592:598 97.71 % 592:598 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 5 54 theme strain 835:840 arg1 UC33T 842:846 strain UC33T 835:846 strain UC33T 835:846 DNA-DNA hybridization showed 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. 27031370 14 55 with species 1814:1820 arg1 sp 1883:1884 the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp 1852:1884 the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp 1852:1884 Based on the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features and the DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolates and type strains of closely related species, we propose that these bacteria be classified as novel species of the genus Rhodococcus with the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp. 27031370 12 56 theme G+C 1433:1435 arg1 content 1437:1443 The DNA G+C content 1425:1443 The DNA G+C content of strains UC12T and UC33T 1425:1470 The DNA G+C content of strains UC12T and UC33T was 72.7 mol% and 68.8 mol%, respectively. 27031370 12 56 theme G+C 1433:1435 arg1 % 1484:1484 72.7 mol% 1476:1484 72.7 mol% 1476:1484 The DNA G+C content of strains UC12T and UC33T was 72.7 mol% and 68.8 mol%, respectively. 27031370 14 57 theme pedocola 1874:1881 arg1 sp 1883:1884 the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp 1852:1884 the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp 1852:1884 Based on the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features and the DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolates and type strains of closely related species, we propose that these bacteria be classified as novel species of the genus Rhodococcus with the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp. 27031370 4 58 theme UC12T 316:320 arg1 sequences 303:311 nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences 270:311 nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T 270:330 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 16 59 theme strain 1977:1982 arg1 111581T 2007:2013 type strain UC33T=KACC 18500T=NBRC 111581T 1972:2013 type strain UC33T=KACC 18500T=NBRC 111581T 1972:2013 nov. (type strain UC33T=KACC 18500T=NBRC 111581T). 27031370 11 60 theme Mycolic 1396:1402 arg1 acids 1404:1408 Mycolic acids 1396:1408 Mycolic acids 1396:1408 Mycolic acids were detected. 27031370 14 61 theme DNA-DNA 1672:1678 arg1 hybridization 1680:1692 the DNA-DNA hybridization 1668:1692 the DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolates and type strains of closely related species 1668:1757 Based on the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features and the DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolates and type strains of closely related species, we propose that these bacteria be classified as novel species of the genus Rhodococcus with the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp. 27031370 4 62 theme Rhodococcus 393:403 arg1 species 372:378 species 372:378 species of the genus Rhodococcus 372:403 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 4 63 theme Rhodococcus 554:564 arg1 RIV-085T 582:589 Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T 554:589 Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %) 554:599 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 4 63 theme Rhodococcus 554:564 arg1 % 598:598 97.71 % 592:598 97.71 % 592:598 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 14 64 theme Rhodococcus 1862:1872 arg1 sp 1883:1884 the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp 1852:1884 the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp 1852:1884 Based on the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features and the DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolates and type strains of closely related species, we propose that these bacteria be classified as novel species of the genus Rhodococcus with the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp. 27031370 14 65 theme Rhodococcus 1835:1845 arg1 bacteria 1782:1789 these bacteria 1776:1789 these bacteria 1776:1789 Based on the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features and the DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolates and type strains of closely related species, we propose that these bacteria be classified as novel species of the genus Rhodococcus with the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp. 27031370 14 65 theme Rhodococcus 1835:1845 arg1 species 1814:1820 novel species 1808:1820 novel species of the genus Rhodococcus with the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp 1808:1884 Based on the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features and the DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolates and type strains of closely related species, we propose that these bacteria be classified as novel species of the genus Rhodococcus with the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp. 27031370 4 66 theme UC33T 424:428 arg1 related 458:464 related 458:464 related 458:464 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 4 66 theme UC33T 424:428 arg1 sequences 430:438 the UC12T and UC33T sequences 410:438 sequences 430:438 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 4 67 dep Rhodococcus 554:564 arg1 triatomae 566:574 triatomae 566:574 triatomae 566:574 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 5 68 theme genus 813:817 arg1 Rhodococcus 819:829 the genus Rhodococcus 809:829 the genus Rhodococcus 809:829 DNA-DNA hybridization showed 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. 27031370 8 69 theme phosphatidylinositol 1185:1204 arg1 mannoside 1206:1214 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 1185:1214 phosphatidylinositol mannoside 1185:1214 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. 27031370 5 70 theme 33.05-35.60 645:655 arg1 % 657:657 % 657:657 % 657:657 DNA-DNA hybridization showed 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. 27031370 16 71 theme 18500T=NBRC 1995:2005 arg1 111581T 2007:2013 type strain UC33T=KACC 18500T=NBRC 111581T 1972:2013 type strain UC33T=KACC 18500T=NBRC 111581T 1972:2013 nov. (type strain UC33T=KACC 18500T=NBRC 111581T). 27031370 5 72 theme genomic 659:665 arg1 similarity 667:676 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity 645:676 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T 645:708 DNA-DNA hybridization showed 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. 27031370 7 73 theme major 1004:1008 arg1 C16 1027:1029 C16 1027:1029 C16 1027:1029 The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, summed feature 3, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 0 10-methyl. 27031370 7 73 theme major 1004:1008 arg1 acids 1016:1020 The major fatty acids 1000:1020 The major fatty acids 1000:1020 The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, summed feature 3, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 0 10-methyl. 27031370 5 74 theme closest 898:904 arg1 species 906:912 the closest species 894:912 the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus 894:937 DNA-DNA hybridization showed 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. 27031370 4 75 theme UC12T 414:418 arg1 related 458:464 related 458:464 related 458:464 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 4 75 theme UC12T 414:418 arg1 sequences 430:438 the UC12T and UC33T sequences 410:438 sequences 430:438 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 5 76 theme 29.12-37.91 855:865 arg1 % 867:867 % 867:867 % 867:867 DNA-DNA hybridization showed 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. 27031370 4 77 theme canchipurensis 481:494 arg1 similarity 538:547 98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 507:547 98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 507:547 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 4 77 theme canchipurensis 481:494 arg1 353T 501:504 Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T 469:504 Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 469:548 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 3 78 theme novel 128:132 arg1 UC33T 169:173 UC33T 169:173 UC33T 169:173 Two novel actinobacterial strains, UC12T and UC33T, were isolated from forest topsoil in Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea. 27031370 3 78 theme novel 128:132 arg1 UC12T 159:163 UC12T 159:163 UC12T 159:163 Two novel actinobacterial strains, UC12T and UC33T, were isolated from forest topsoil in Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea. 27031370 3 78 theme novel 128:132 arg1 strains 150:156 Two novel actinobacterial strains 124:156 Two novel actinobacterial strains 124:156 Two novel actinobacterial strains, UC12T and UC33T, were isolated from forest topsoil in Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea. 27031370 12 79 dep strains 1448:1454 arg1 strains 1448:1454 strains UC12T and UC33T 1448:1470 strains UC12T and UC33T 1448:1470 The DNA G+C content of strains UC12T and UC33T was 72.7 mol% and 68.8 mol%, respectively. 27031370 12 79 dep strains 1448:1454 arg1 UC33T 1466:1470 UC33T 1466:1470 UC33T 1466:1470 The DNA G+C content of strains UC12T and UC33T was 72.7 mol% and 68.8 mol%, respectively. 27031370 12 79 dep strains 1448:1454 arg1 UC12T 1456:1460 UC12T 1456:1460 UC12T 1456:1460 The DNA G+C content of strains UC12T and UC33T was 72.7 mol% and 68.8 mol%, respectively. 27031370 5 80 theme DNA-DNA 737:743 arg1 values 757:762 DNA-DNA relatedness values 737:762 DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % 737:779 DNA-DNA hybridization showed 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. 27031370 16 81 theme UC33T=KACC 1984:1993 arg1 111581T 2007:2013 type strain UC33T=KACC 18500T=NBRC 111581T 1972:2013 type strain UC33T=KACC 18500T=NBRC 111581T 1972:2013 nov. (type strain UC33T=KACC 18500T=NBRC 111581T). 27031370 5 82 theme genomic 869:875 arg1 relatedness 877:887 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness 855:887 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness 855:887 DNA-DNA hybridization showed 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. 27031370 5 83 dep strains 686:692 arg1 strains 686:692 strains UC12T and UC33T 686:708 strains UC12T and UC33T 686:708 DNA-DNA hybridization showed 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. 27031370 5 83 dep strains 686:692 arg1 UC33T 704:708 UC33T 704:708 UC33T 704:708 DNA-DNA hybridization showed 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. 27031370 5 83 dep strains 686:692 arg1 UC12T 694:698 UC12T 694:698 UC12T 694:698 DNA-DNA hybridization showed 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. 27031370 15 84 theme strain 1898:1903 arg1 111580T 1928:1934 type strain UC12T=KACC 18499T=NBRC 111580T 1893:1934 type strain UC12T=KACC 18499T=NBRC 111580T 1893:1934 nov. (type strain UC12T=KACC 18499T=NBRC 111580T) and Rhodococcus humicola sp. 27031370 15 84 theme strain 1898:1903 arg1 nov 1887:1889 nov 1887:1889 nov 1887:1889 nov. (type strain UC12T=KACC 18499T=NBRC 111580T) and Rhodococcus humicola sp. 27031370 6 85 theme chemotaxonomic 968:981 arg1 characteristics 983:997 similar chemotaxonomic characteristics 960:997 similar chemotaxonomic characteristics 960:997 Both strains showed similar chemotaxonomic characteristics. 27031370 12 86 theme mol 1495:1497 arg1 % 1498:1498 68.8 mol% 1490:1498 68.8 mol% 1490:1498 The DNA G+C content of strains UC12T and UC33T was 72.7 mol% and 68.8 mol%, respectively. 27031370 0 87 theme pedocola 12:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Rhodococcus pedocola sp 0:22 Rhodococcus pedocola sp. 0:23 Rhodococcus pedocola sp. 27031370 4 88 theme 16S 289:291 arg1 sequences 303:311 nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences 270:311 nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T 270:330 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 4 89 theme gene 524:527 arg1 353T 501:504 Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T 469:504 Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 469:548 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 4 89 theme gene 524:527 arg1 similarity 538:547 98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 507:547 98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 507:547 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 5 90 theme closest 790:796 arg1 species 798:804 the closest species 786:804 the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus 786:829 DNA-DNA hybridization showed 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. 27031370 5 91 theme genus 921:925 arg1 Rhodococcus 927:937 the genus Rhodococcus 917:937 the genus Rhodococcus 917:937 DNA-DNA hybridization showed 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. 27031370 10 92 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1295:1313 arg1 acid 1315:1318 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1295:1318 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1295:1318 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and galactose, glucose, arabinose and ribose were detected in whole cells. 27031370 14 93 theme species 1751:1757 arg1 isolates 1706:1713 isolates 1706:1713 isolates 1706:1713 Based on the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features and the DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolates and type strains of closely related species, we propose that these bacteria be classified as novel species of the genus Rhodococcus with the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp. 27031370 14 93 theme species 1751:1757 arg1 strains 1724:1730 type strains 1719:1730 type strains 1719:1730 Based on the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features and the DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolates and type strains of closely related species, we propose that these bacteria be classified as novel species of the genus Rhodococcus with the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp. 27031370 15 94 theme Rhodococcus 1941:1951 arg1 sp 1962:1963 Rhodococcus humicola sp 1941:1963 Rhodococcus humicola sp 1941:1963 nov. (type strain UC12T=KACC 18499T=NBRC 111580T) and Rhodococcus humicola sp. 27031370 12 95 theme mol 1481:1483 arg1 content 1437:1443 The DNA G+C content 1425:1443 The DNA G+C content of strains UC12T and UC33T 1425:1470 The DNA G+C content of strains UC12T and UC33T was 72.7 mol% and 68.8 mol%, respectively. 27031370 12 95 theme mol 1481:1483 arg1 % 1484:1484 72.7 mol% 1476:1484 72.7 mol% 1476:1484 The DNA G+C content of strains UC12T and UC33T was 72.7 mol% and 68.8 mol%, respectively. 27031370 4 96 theme 16S 515:517 arg1 353T 501:504 Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T 469:504 Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 469:548 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 4 96 theme 16S 515:517 arg1 similarity 538:547 98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 507:547 98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 507:547 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 27031370 16 97 theme type 1972:1975 arg1 111581T 2007:2013 type strain UC33T=KACC 18500T=NBRC 111581T 1972:2013 type strain UC33T=KACC 18500T=NBRC 111581T 1972:2013 nov. (type strain UC33T=KACC 18500T=NBRC 111581T). 27031370 1 98 theme humicola 46:53 arg1 sp 55:56 Rhodococcus humicola sp 34:56 Rhodococcus humicola sp 34:56 nov. and Rhodococcus humicola sp. 27031370 12 99 theme strains 1448:1454 arg1 content 1437:1443 The DNA G+C content 1425:1443 The DNA G+C content of strains UC12T and UC33T 1425:1470 The DNA G+C content of strains UC12T and UC33T was 72.7 mol% and 68.8 mol%, respectively. 27031370 12 99 theme strains 1448:1454 arg1 % 1484:1484 72.7 mol% 1476:1484 72.7 mol% 1476:1484 The DNA G+C content of strains UC12T and UC33T was 72.7 mol% and 68.8 mol%, respectively. 27031370 15 100 theme 18499T=NBRC 1916:1926 arg1 111580T 1928:1934 type strain UC12T=KACC 18499T=NBRC 111580T 1893:1934 type strain UC12T=KACC 18499T=NBRC 111580T 1893:1934 nov. (type strain UC12T=KACC 18499T=NBRC 111580T) and Rhodococcus humicola sp. 27031370 15 100 theme 18499T=NBRC 1916:1926 arg1 nov 1887:1889 nov 1887:1889 nov 1887:1889 nov. (type strain UC12T=KACC 18499T=NBRC 111580T) and Rhodococcus humicola sp. 27031370 1 101 theme Rhodococcus 34:44 arg1 sp 55:56 Rhodococcus humicola sp 34:56 Rhodococcus humicola sp 34:56 nov. and Rhodococcus humicola sp. 27031370 4 102 theme gene 298:301 arg1 sequences 303:311 nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences 270:311 nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T 270:330 Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. 26443681 2 0 dep Gram-reaction-positive 65:86 arg1 rod-shaped 109:118 rod-shaped 109:118 rod-shaped 109:118 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, coccus- to rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain UKS-03T) was isolated from a sediment sample of Ungok Lake in Gochang, Republic of Korea. 26443681 2 0 dep Gram-reaction-positive 65:86 arg1 non-spore-forming 133:149 non-spore-forming 133:149 non-spore-forming 133:149 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, coccus- to rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain UKS-03T) was isolated from a sediment sample of Ungok Lake in Gochang, Republic of Korea. 26443681 2 0 dep Gram-reaction-positive 65:86 arg1 aerobic 89:95 aerobic 89:95 aerobic 89:95 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, coccus- to rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain UKS-03T) was isolated from a sediment sample of Ungok Lake in Gochang, Republic of Korea. 26443681 2 0 dep Gram-reaction-positive 65:86 arg1 non-motile 121:130 non-motile 121:130 non-motile 121:130 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, coccus- to rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain UKS-03T) was isolated from a sediment sample of Ungok Lake in Gochang, Republic of Korea. 26443681 4 1 theme Nocardioides 621:632 arg1 % 666:666 97.3 % 661:666 97.3 % 661:666 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 4 1 theme Nocardioides 621:632 arg1 958 656:658 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 620:658 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %) 620:667 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 4 2 theme ginsengisegetis 528:542 arg1 485T 550:553 Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T 515:553 Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity) 515:573 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 4 2 theme ginsengisegetis 528:542 arg1 similarity 563:572 98.5 % similarity 556:572 98.5 % similarity 556:572 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 3 3 theme bacterium 290:298 arg1 position 273:280 The taxonomic position 259:280 The taxonomic position of this bacterium 259:298 The taxonomic position of this bacterium was determined in an investigation based on a polyphasic approach. 26443681 4 4 theme family 458:463 arg1 Nocardioidaceae 465:479 the family Nocardioidaceae 454:479 the family Nocardioidaceae 454:479 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 7 5 theme koreensis 1125:1133 arg1 19272T 1140:1145 koreensis KCTC 19272T 1125:1145 koreensis KCTC 19272T 1125:1145 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain UKS-03T and N. ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T, N. koreensis KCTC 19272T and 'N. panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 were 37.5 ± 7.2, 6.8 ± 0.9 and 3.1 ± 0.7 %, respectively. 26443681 4 6 theme Nocardioides 515:526 arg1 485T 550:553 Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T 515:553 Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity) 515:573 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 4 6 theme Nocardioides 515:526 arg1 similarity 563:572 98.5 % similarity 556:572 98.5 % similarity 556:572 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 8 7 theme Nocardioides 1357:1368 arg1 species 1336:1342 a novel species 1328:1342 a novel species 1328:1342 On the basis of the data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain UKS-03T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ungokensis sp. 26443681 1 8 theme lake 48:51 arg1 sediment 53:60 lake sediment 48:60 lake sediment 48:60 nov., isolated from lake sediment. 26443681 8 9 theme taxonomic 1285:1293 arg1 study 1295:1299 this polyphasic taxonomic study 1269:1299 this polyphasic taxonomic study 1269:1299 On the basis of the data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain UKS-03T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ungokensis sp. 26443681 4 10 dep analysis 406:413 arg1 the 370:372 the 370:372 the 370:372 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 4 10 dep analysis 406:413 arg1 basis 374:378 basis 374:378 basis 374:378 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 6 11 theme G+C 986:988 arg1 content 990:996 The G+C content 982:996 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 982:1015 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.9 mol%. 26443681 6 11 theme G+C 986:988 arg1 % 1029:1029 71.9 mol% 1021:1029 71.9 mol% 1021:1029 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.9 mol%. 26443681 2 12 from sample 207:212 arg1 Republic 240:247 Republic 240:247 Republic 240:247 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, coccus- to rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain UKS-03T) was isolated from a sediment sample of Ungok Lake in Gochang, Republic of Korea. 26443681 4 13 theme Gsoil 544:548 arg1 485T 550:553 Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T 515:553 Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity) 515:573 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 4 13 theme Gsoil 544:548 arg1 similarity 563:572 98.5 % similarity 556:572 98.5 % similarity 556:572 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 7 14 theme strain 1072:1077 arg1 UKS-03T 1079:1085 strain UKS-03T 1072:1085 strain UKS-03T 1072:1085 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain UKS-03T and N. ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T, N. koreensis KCTC 19272T and 'N. panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 were 37.5 ± 7.2, 6.8 ± 0.9 and 3.1 ± 0.7 %, respectively. 26443681 7 15 theme relatedness 1045:1055 arg1 values 1057:1062 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values 1032:1062 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain UKS-03T and N. ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T, N. koreensis KCTC 19272T and 'N. panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 1032:1179 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain UKS-03T and N. ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T, N. koreensis KCTC 19272T and 'N. panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 were 37.5 ± 7.2, 6.8 ± 0.9 and 3.1 ± 0.7 %, respectively. 26443681 8 16 dep data 1259:1262 arg1 the 1242:1244 the 1242:1244 the 1242:1244 On the basis of the data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain UKS-03T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ungokensis sp. 26443681 8 16 dep data 1259:1262 arg1 basis 1246:1250 basis 1246:1250 basis 1246:1250 On the basis of the data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain UKS-03T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ungokensis sp. 26443681 8 17 theme name 1385:1388 arg1 sp 1414:1415 the name Nocardioides ungokensis sp 1381:1415 the name Nocardioides ungokensis sp 1381:1415 On the basis of the data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain UKS-03T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ungokensis sp. 26443681 10 18 theme 18304T = LMG 1472:1483 arg1 28591T 1485:1490  = KACC 18304T = LMG 28591T 1464:1490  = KACC 18304T = LMG 28591T 1464:1490 The type strain is UKS-03T ( = KACC 18304T = LMG 28591T). 26443681 10 18 theme 18304T = LMG 1472:1483 arg1 UKS-03T 1455:1461 UKS-03T 1455:1461 UKS-03T ( = KACC 18304T = LMG 28591T) 1455:1491 The type strain is UKS-03T ( = KACC 18304T = LMG 28591T). 26443681 5 19 from phosphatidylglycerol 859:878 arg1 peptidoglycan 776:788 its cell-wall peptidoglycan 762:788 its cell-wall peptidoglycan 762:788 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 3 20 theme polyphasic 346:355 arg1 approach 357:364 a polyphasic approach 344:364 a polyphasic approach 344:364 The taxonomic position of this bacterium was determined in an investigation based on a polyphasic approach. 26443681 5 21 from acid 754:757 arg1 peptidoglycan 776:788 its cell-wall peptidoglycan 762:788 its cell-wall peptidoglycan 762:788 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 8 22 theme ungokensis 1403:1412 arg1 sp 1414:1415 the name Nocardioides ungokensis sp 1381:1415 the name Nocardioides ungokensis sp 1381:1415 On the basis of the data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain UKS-03T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ungokensis sp. 26443681 7 23 dep N. 1122:1123 arg1 'N 1151:1152 'N 1151:1152 'N 1151:1152 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain UKS-03T and N. ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T, N. koreensis KCTC 19272T and 'N. panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 were 37.5 ± 7.2, 6.8 ± 0.9 and 3.1 ± 0.7 %, respectively. 26443681 7 23 dep N. 1122:1123 arg1 19272T 1140:1145 koreensis KCTC 19272T 1125:1145 koreensis KCTC 19272T 1125:1145 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain UKS-03T and N. ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T, N. koreensis KCTC 19272T and 'N. panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 were 37.5 ± 7.2, 6.8 ± 0.9 and 3.1 ± 0.7 %, respectively. 26443681 7 24 theme 37.5 ± 7.2 1186:1195 arg1 % 1222:1222 37.5 ± 7.2, 6.8 ± 0.9 and 3.1 ± 0.7 % 1186:1222 % 1222:1222 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain UKS-03T and N. ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T, N. koreensis KCTC 19272T and 'N. panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 were 37.5 ± 7.2, 6.8 ± 0.9 and 3.1 ± 0.7 %, respectively. 26443681 7 25 theme panaciterrulae 1155:1168 arg1 958 1177:1179 N. ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T, N. koreensis KCTC 19272T and 'N. panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 1091:1179 N. ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T, N. koreensis KCTC 19272T and 'N. panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 1091:1179 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain UKS-03T and N. ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T, N. koreensis KCTC 19272T and 'N. panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 were 37.5 ± 7.2, 6.8 ± 0.9 and 3.1 ± 0.7 %, respectively. 26443681 7 26 theme N. 1122:1123 arg1 958 1177:1179 N. ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T, N. koreensis KCTC 19272T and 'N. panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 1091:1179 N. ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T, N. koreensis KCTC 19272T and 'N. panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 1091:1179 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain UKS-03T and N. ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T, N. koreensis KCTC 19272T and 'N. panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 were 37.5 ± 7.2, 6.8 ± 0.9 and 3.1 ± 0.7 %, respectively. 26443681 5 27 from diphosphatidylglycerol 832:853 arg1 peptidoglycan 776:788 its cell-wall peptidoglycan 762:788 its cell-wall peptidoglycan 762:788 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 5 28 theme  0 943:944 arg1 10-methyl 946:954  0 10-methyl 943:954 iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl 910:954 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 8 29 from study 1295:1299 arg1 data 1259:1262 the data 1255:1262 the data from this polyphasic taxonomic study 1255:1299 On the basis of the data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain UKS-03T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ungokensis sp. 26443681 2 30 dep rod-shaped 109:118 arg1 to 106:107 to 106:107 to 106:107 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, coccus- to rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain UKS-03T) was isolated from a sediment sample of Ungok Lake in Gochang, Republic of Korea. 26443681 7 31 theme DNA-DNA 1037:1043 arg1 values 1057:1062 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values 1032:1062 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain UKS-03T and N. ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T, N. koreensis KCTC 19272T and 'N. panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 1032:1179 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain UKS-03T and N. ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T, N. koreensis KCTC 19272T and 'N. panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 were 37.5 ± 7.2, 6.8 ± 0.9 and 3.1 ± 0.7 %, respectively. 26443681 8 32 theme Nocardioides 1390:1401 arg1 sp 1414:1415 the name Nocardioides ungokensis sp 1381:1415 the name Nocardioides ungokensis sp 1381:1415 On the basis of the data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain UKS-03T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ungokensis sp. 26443681 5 33 theme polar 892:896 arg1 lipids 898:903 the main polar lipids 883:903 the main polar lipids 883:903 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 5 34 theme cell-wall 766:774 arg1 peptidoglycan 776:788 its cell-wall peptidoglycan 762:788 its cell-wall peptidoglycan 762:788 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 5 35 theme main 887:890 arg1 lipids 898:903 the main polar lipids 883:903 the main polar lipids 883:903 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 5 36 theme major 963:967 arg1 iso-C16  910:917 iso-C16  910:917 iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl 910:954 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 5 36 theme major 963:967 arg1 MK-8 791:794 MK-8 791:794 MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone 791:829 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 5 36 theme major 963:967 arg1 acids 975:979 its major fatty acids 959:979 its major fatty acids 959:979 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 5 36 theme major 963:967 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 832:853 diphosphatidylglycerol 832:853 diphosphatidylglycerol 832:853 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 5 36 theme major 963:967 arg1 acid 754:757 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 732:757 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan 732:788 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 6 37 theme 71.9 mol 1021:1028 arg1 content 990:996 The G+C content 982:996 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 982:1015 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.9 mol%. 26443681 6 37 theme 71.9 mol 1021:1028 arg1 % 1029:1029 71.9 mol% 1021:1029 71.9 mol% 1021:1029 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.9 mol%. 26443681 7 38 theme KCTC 1135:1138 arg1 19272T 1140:1145 koreensis KCTC 19272T 1125:1145 koreensis KCTC 19272T 1125:1145 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain UKS-03T and N. ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T, N. koreensis KCTC 19272T and 'N. panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 were 37.5 ± 7.2, 6.8 ± 0.9 and 3.1 ± 0.7 %, respectively. 26443681 7 39 theme Gsoil 1171:1175 arg1 958 1177:1179 N. ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T, N. koreensis KCTC 19272T and 'N. panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 1091:1179 N. ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T, N. koreensis KCTC 19272T and 'N. panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 1091:1179 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain UKS-03T and N. ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T, N. koreensis KCTC 19272T and 'N. panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 were 37.5 ± 7.2, 6.8 ± 0.9 and 3.1 ± 0.7 %, respectively. 26443681 6 40 theme DNA 1013:1015 arg1 content 990:996 The G+C content 982:996 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 982:1015 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.9 mol%. 26443681 6 40 theme DNA 1013:1015 arg1 % 1029:1029 71.9 mol% 1021:1029 71.9 mol% 1021:1029 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.9 mol%. 26443681 4 41 theme sequence 397:404 arg1 analysis 406:413 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 383:413 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 383:413 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 2 42 attach isolated 182:189 arg2 bacterium 151:159 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, coccus- to rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium 63:159 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, coccus- to rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain UKS-03T) 63:176 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, coccus- to rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain UKS-03T) was isolated from a sediment sample of Ungok Lake in Gochang, Republic of Korea. 26443681 2 42 attach isolated 182:189 arg1 sample 207:212 a sediment sample 196:212 a sediment sample of Ungok Lake in Gochang, Republic of Korea 196:256 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, coccus- to rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain UKS-03T) was isolated from a sediment sample of Ungok Lake in Gochang, Republic of Korea. 26443681 2 42 attach isolated 182:189 arg2 UKS-03T 169:175 strain UKS-03T 162:175 strain UKS-03T 162:175 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, coccus- to rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain UKS-03T) was isolated from a sediment sample of Ungok Lake in Gochang, Republic of Korea. 26443681 4 43 theme koreensis 589:597 arg1 MSL-09T 599:605 Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T 576:605 Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) 576:614 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 4 43 theme koreensis 589:597 arg1 % 613:613 98.4 % 608:613 98.4 % 608:613 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 7 44 theme Mean 1032:1035 arg1 values 1057:1062 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values 1032:1062 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain UKS-03T and N. ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T, N. koreensis KCTC 19272T and 'N. panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 1032:1179 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain UKS-03T and N. ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T, N. koreensis KCTC 19272T and 'N. panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 were 37.5 ± 7.2, 6.8 ± 0.9 and 3.1 ± 0.7 %, respectively. 26443681 10 45 theme  = KACC 1464:1470 arg1 28591T 1485:1490  = KACC 18304T = LMG 28591T 1464:1490  = KACC 18304T = LMG 28591T 1464:1490 The type strain is UKS-03T ( = KACC 18304T = LMG 28591T). 26443681 10 45 theme  = KACC 1464:1470 arg1 UKS-03T 1455:1461 UKS-03T 1455:1461 UKS-03T ( = KACC 18304T = LMG 28591T) 1455:1491 The type strain is UKS-03T ( = KACC 18304T = LMG 28591T). 26443681 4 46 theme strain 416:421 arg1 UKS-03T 423:429 strain UKS-03T 416:429 strain UKS-03T 416:429 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 10 47 theme type 1440:1443 arg1 strain 1445:1450 The type strain 1436:1450 The type strain 1436:1450 The type strain is UKS-03T ( = KACC 18304T = LMG 28591T). 26443681 10 47 theme type 1440:1443 arg1 UKS-03T 1455:1461 UKS-03T 1455:1461 UKS-03T ( = KACC 18304T = LMG 28591T) 1455:1491 The type strain is UKS-03T ( = KACC 18304T = LMG 28591T). 26443681 8 48 theme strain 1302:1307 arg1 UKS-03T 1309:1315 strain UKS-03T 1302:1315 strain UKS-03T 1302:1315 On the basis of the data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain UKS-03T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ungokensis sp. 26443681 4 49 theme Nocardioides 576:587 arg1 MSL-09T 599:605 Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T 576:605 Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) 576:614 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 4 49 theme Nocardioides 576:587 arg1 % 613:613 98.4 % 608:613 98.4 % 608:613 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 8 50 theme novel 1330:1334 arg1 species 1336:1342 a novel species 1328:1342 a novel species 1328:1342 On the basis of the data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain UKS-03T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ungokensis sp. 26443681 5 51 from MK-8 791:794 arg1 peptidoglycan 776:788 its cell-wall peptidoglycan 762:788 its cell-wall peptidoglycan 762:788 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 5 52 dep iso-C16  910:917 arg1 C17  923:926 C17  923:926 C17  923:926 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 5 52 dep iso-C16  910:917 arg1 C17  938:941 C17  938:941 C17  938:941 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 5 52 dep iso-C16  910:917 arg1 10-methyl 946:954  0 10-methyl 943:954 iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl 910:954 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 5 52 dep iso-C16  910:917 arg1  1ω8c 928:932  1ω8c 928:932  1ω8c 928:932 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 4 53 theme 16S 383:385 arg1 analysis 406:413 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 383:413 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 383:413 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 2 54 theme sediment 198:205 arg1 sample 207:212 a sediment sample 196:212 a sediment sample of Ungok Lake in Gochang, Republic of Korea 196:256 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, coccus- to rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain UKS-03T) was isolated from a sediment sample of Ungok Lake in Gochang, Republic of Korea. 26443681 2 55 theme strain 162:167 arg1 UKS-03T 169:175 strain UKS-03T 162:175 strain UKS-03T 162:175 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, coccus- to rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain UKS-03T) was isolated from a sediment sample of Ungok Lake in Gochang, Republic of Korea. 26443681 2 55 theme strain 162:167 arg1 bacterium 151:159 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, coccus- to rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium 63:159 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, coccus- to rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain UKS-03T) 63:176 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, coccus- to rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain UKS-03T) was isolated from a sediment sample of Ungok Lake in Gochang, Republic of Korea. 26443681 2 56 theme Gram-reaction-positive 65:86 arg1 UKS-03T 169:175 strain UKS-03T 162:175 strain UKS-03T 162:175 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, coccus- to rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain UKS-03T) was isolated from a sediment sample of Ungok Lake in Gochang, Republic of Korea. 26443681 2 56 theme Gram-reaction-positive 65:86 arg1 bacterium 151:159 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, coccus- to rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium 63:159 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, coccus- to rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain UKS-03T) 63:176 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, coccus- to rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain UKS-03T) was isolated from a sediment sample of Ungok Lake in Gochang, Republic of Korea. 26443681 8 57 theme polyphasic 1274:1283 arg1 study 1295:1299 this polyphasic taxonomic study 1269:1299 this polyphasic taxonomic study 1269:1299 On the basis of the data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain UKS-03T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ungokensis sp. 26443681 6 58 theme genomic 1005:1011 arg1 DNA 1013:1015 the genomic DNA 1001:1015 the genomic DNA 1001:1015 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.9 mol%. 26443681 4 59 theme 98.5  556:560 arg1 485T 550:553 Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T 515:553 Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity) 515:573 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 4 59 theme 98.5  556:560 arg1 similarity 563:572 98.5 % similarity 556:572 98.5 % similarity 556:572 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 3 60 theme taxonomic 263:271 arg1 position 273:280 The taxonomic position 259:280 The taxonomic position of this bacterium 259:298 The taxonomic position of this bacterium was determined in an investigation based on a polyphasic approach. 26443681 4 61 theme gene 392:395 arg1 analysis 406:413 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 383:413 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 383:413 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 4 62 dep Nocardioides 621:632 arg1 panaciterrulae 634:647 panaciterrulae 634:647 panaciterrulae 634:647 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 5 63 theme fatty 969:973 arg1 iso-C16  910:917 iso-C16  910:917 iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl 910:954 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 5 63 theme fatty 969:973 arg1 MK-8 791:794 MK-8 791:794 MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone 791:829 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 5 63 theme fatty 969:973 arg1 acids 975:979 its major fatty acids 959:979 its major fatty acids 959:979 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 5 63 theme fatty 969:973 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 832:853 diphosphatidylglycerol 832:853 diphosphatidylglycerol 832:853 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 5 63 theme fatty 969:973 arg1 acid 754:757 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 732:757 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan 732:788 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 4 64 theme Gsoil 650:654 arg1 % 666:666 97.3 % 661:666 97.3 % 661:666 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 4 64 theme Gsoil 650:654 arg1 958 656:658 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 620:658 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %) 620:667 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 4 65 theme rRNA 387:390 arg1 analysis 406:413 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 383:413 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 383:413 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 7 66 theme 3.1 ± 0.7  1212:1221 arg1 % 1222:1222 37.5 ± 7.2, 6.8 ± 0.9 and 3.1 ± 0.7 % 1186:1222 % 1222:1222 Mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain UKS-03T and N. ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T, N. koreensis KCTC 19272T and 'N. panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 were 37.5 ± 7.2, 6.8 ± 0.9 and 3.1 ± 0.7 %, respectively. 26443681 5 67 theme predominant 807:817 arg1 menaquinone 819:829 the predominant menaquinone 803:829 the predominant menaquinone 803:829 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 5 68 theme Strain 670:675 arg1 UKS-03T 677:683 Strain UKS-03T 670:683 Strain UKS-03T 670:683 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 8 69 theme genus 1351:1355 arg1 Nocardioides 1357:1368 the genus Nocardioides 1347:1368 the genus Nocardioides 1347:1368 On the basis of the data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain UKS-03T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides ungokensis sp. 26443681 2 70 theme Lake 223:226 arg1 sample 207:212 a sediment sample 196:212 a sediment sample of Ungok Lake in Gochang, Republic of Korea 196:256 A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, coccus- to rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain UKS-03T) was isolated from a sediment sample of Ungok Lake in Gochang, Republic of Korea. 26443681 5 71 theme ll-2,6-diaminopimelic 732:752 arg1 acid 754:757 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 732:757 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan 732:788 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 5 71 theme ll-2,6-diaminopimelic 732:752 arg1 iso-C16  910:917 iso-C16  910:917 iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl 910:954 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 5 71 theme ll-2,6-diaminopimelic 732:752 arg1 MK-8 791:794 MK-8 791:794 MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone 791:829 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 5 71 theme ll-2,6-diaminopimelic 732:752 arg1 acids 975:979 its major fatty acids 959:979 its major fatty acids 959:979 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 5 71 theme ll-2,6-diaminopimelic 732:752 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 832:853 diphosphatidylglycerol 832:853 diphosphatidylglycerol 832:853 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 5 72 from iso-C16  910:917 arg1 peptidoglycan 776:788 its cell-wall peptidoglycan 762:788 its cell-wall peptidoglycan 762:788 Strain UKS-03T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids, and iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 10-methyl as its major fatty acids. 26443681 4 73 theme % 561:561 arg1 485T 550:553 Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T 515:553 Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity) 515:573 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 26443681 4 73 theme % 561:561 arg1 similarity 563:572 98.5 % similarity 556:572 98.5 % similarity 556:572 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UKS-03T was shown to belong to the family Nocardioidaceae and to be related most closely to Nocardioides ginsengisegetis Gsoil 485T (98.5 % similarity), Nocardioides koreensis MSL-09T (98.4 %) and 'Nocardioides panaciterrulae' Gsoil 958 (97.3 %). 28131943 29 0 link adipose-derived 3527:3541 arg1 cells 3560:3564 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 3527:3564 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 3527:3564 Furthermore, exchanging 25% of human articular chondrocytes with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells didn't change the chondrogenic potential, but reduced going in unwanted pathways and improved biomechanical properties. 28131943 17 1 theme lower 2294:2298 arg1 % 2320:2320 40-58% O2 2315:2323 40-58% O2 2315:2323 Concerning the level of dissolved oxygen in situ, the groups with a higher amount of hAMSCs showed lower oxygen levels (40-58% O2) compared to hACs (63-74% O2). 28131943 17 1 theme lower 2294:2298 arg1 levels 2307:2312 lower oxygen levels 2294:2312 lower oxygen levels (40-58% O2) 2294:2324 Concerning the level of dissolved oxygen in situ, the groups with a higher amount of hAMSCs showed lower oxygen levels (40-58% O2) compared to hACs (63-74% O2). 28131943 30 2 theme natural 3786:3792 arg1 biomaterials 3794:3805 natural biomaterials 3786:3805 natural biomaterials 3786:3805 This could translate to a one-step procedure and shows the potential of inducing differentiation by natural biomaterials. 28131943 10 3 theme culture 1464:1470 arg1 groups 1472:1477 the cell culture groups 1455:1477 the cell culture groups 1455:1477 The highest HA concentration used (5%) resulted in the lowest Collagen type X (Col10) expression for most of the cell culture groups. 28131943 11 4 theme Collagen 1562:1569 arg1 Col2 1580:1583 Col2 1580:1583 Col2 1580:1583 Unexpectedly, culturing in these gels was also associated with decreased SOX9 and Collagen type II (Col2) expression, while Collagen type III (Col3) and metalloproteinase 13 notably increased. 28131943 11 4 theme Collagen 1562:1569 arg1 type 1571:1574 Collagen type II 1562:1577 Collagen type II (Col2) 1562:1584 Unexpectedly, culturing in these gels was also associated with decreased SOX9 and Collagen type II (Col2) expression, while Collagen type III (Col3) and metalloproteinase 13 notably increased. 28131943 7 5 theme mechanical 1072:1081 arg1 properties 1083:1092 the mechanical properties 1068:1092 the mechanical properties of the Coll-HA gel 1068:1111 HA greatly impacted the cell viability and proliferation as well as the mechanical properties of the Coll-HA gel. 28131943 23 6 theme large 2962:2966 arg1 defects 2978:2984 large cartilage defects 2962:2984 large cartilage defects 2962:2984 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In the clinical situation, large cartilage defects can be treated with MACT. 28131943 17 7 theme in 2236:2237 arg1 level 2210:2214 the level 2206:2214 the level of dissolved oxygen in situ 2206:2242 Concerning the level of dissolved oxygen in situ, the groups with a higher amount of hAMSCs showed lower oxygen levels (40-58% O2) compared to hACs (63-74% O2). 28131943 11 8 theme SOX9 1553:1556 arg1 expression 1586:1595 decreased SOX9 and Collagen type II (Col2) expression 1543:1595 decreased SOX9 and Collagen type II (Col2) expression 1543:1595 Unexpectedly, culturing in these gels was also associated with decreased SOX9 and Collagen type II (Col2) expression, while Collagen type III (Col3) and metalloproteinase 13 notably increased. 28131943 10 9 theme HA 1358:1359 arg1 concentration 1361:1373 The highest HA concentration 1346:1373 The highest HA concentration used (5%) 1346:1383 The highest HA concentration used (5%) resulted in the lowest Collagen type X (Col10) expression for most of the cell culture groups. 28131943 10 9 theme HA 1358:1359 arg1 % 1382:1382 5% 1381:1382 5% 1381:1382 The highest HA concentration used (5%) resulted in the lowest Collagen type X (Col10) expression for most of the cell culture groups. 28131943 23 10 theme SIGNIFICANCE 2922:2933 arg1 STATEMENT 2909:2917 STATEMENT 2909:2917 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE 2909:2933 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In the clinical situation, large cartilage defects can be treated with MACT. 28131943 29 11 theme improved 3651:3658 arg1 properties 3674:3683 improved biomechanical properties 3651:3683 improved biomechanical properties 3651:3683 Furthermore, exchanging 25% of human articular chondrocytes with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells didn't change the chondrogenic potential, but reduced going in unwanted pathways and improved biomechanical properties. 28131943 13 12 theme significant 1780:1790 arg1 increase 1792:1799 a significant increase 1778:1799 a significant increase in GAGs production 1778:1818 In addition, a significant increase in GAGs production was also detected. 28131943 5 13 theme 100 885:887 arg1 % 888:888 % 888:888 % 888:888 hACs and hAMSCs were co-cultured at different ratios from 100% to 0% in steps of 25%. 28131943 6 14 theme co-culture 934:943 arg1 groups 945:950 five different co-culture groups 919:950 five different co-culture groups 919:950 Thus, five different co-culture groups were tested in the various Coll-HA 3D matrices. 28131943 20 15 theme better 2580:2585 arg1 chondrogenesis 2587:2600 the better chondrogenesis 2576:2600 the better chondrogenesis observed in these groups 2576:2625 This may contribute to the better chondrogenesis observed in these groups. 28131943 12 16 located observed 1730:1737 arg2 effect 1700:1705 a positive effect 1689:1705 a positive effect on SOX9 expression 1689:1724 By using 1% HA, a positive effect on SOX9 expression was observed in the co-culture groups. 28131943 12 16 located observed 1730:1737 arg1 groups 1757:1762 the co-culture groups 1742:1762 the co-culture groups 1742:1762 By using 1% HA, a positive effect on SOX9 expression was observed in the co-culture groups. 28131943 0 17 theme chondrocytes 123:134 arg1 chondrogenesis 28:41 chondrogenesis 28:41 chondrogenesis 28:41 Hyaluronic acid facilitates chondrogenesis and matrix deposition of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells and human chondrocytes co-cultures. 28131943 0 17 theme chondrocytes 123:134 arg1 deposition 54:63 matrix deposition 47:63 matrix deposition 47:63 Hyaluronic acid facilitates chondrogenesis and matrix deposition of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells and human chondrocytes co-cultures. 28131943 3 18 theme acid 584:587 arg1 incorporation 556:568 The incorporation 552:568 The incorporation of hyaluronic acid (HA) 552:592 The incorporation of hyaluronic acid (HA) attempted to provide an additional stimulus to the hAMSCs for chondrogenesis and extracellular matrix deposition. 28131943 1 19 theme available 219:227 arg1 biomaterials 229:240 available biomaterials 219:240 available biomaterials 219:240 Clinical success on cartilage regeneration could be achieved by using available biomaterials and cell-based approaches. 28131943 15 20 theme culture 2055:2061 arg1 35days 2045:2050 35days 2045:2050 35days of culture 2045:2061 This group showed negligible Col10 expression after 35days of culture independently of the gel used. 28131943 30 21 theme one-step 3712:3719 arg1 procedure 3721:3729 a one-step procedure 3710:3729 a one-step procedure 3710:3729 This could translate to a one-step procedure and shows the potential of inducing differentiation by natural biomaterials. 28131943 23 22 theme clinical 2942:2949 arg1 situation 2951:2959 the clinical situation 2938:2959 the clinical situation 2938:2959 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In the clinical situation, large cartilage defects can be treated with MACT. 28131943 7 23 theme cell 1024:1027 arg1 viability 1029:1037 the cell viability 1020:1037 the cell viability 1020:1037 HA greatly impacted the cell viability and proliferation as well as the mechanical properties of the Coll-HA gel. 28131943 14 24 with group 1867:1871 arg1 hACs 1893:1896 25% hAMSCs+75% hACs 1878:1896 25% hAMSCs+75% hACs 1878:1896 Regarding co-culturing, the group with 25% hAMSCs+75% hACs was the most chondrogenic one considering SOX9 and Col2 expression as well as GAGs production. 28131943 22 25 theme matrix 2864:2869 arg1 production 2871:2880 extracellular matrix production 2850:2880 extracellular matrix production 2850:2880 Additionally, co-culture of hACs with hAMSCs also favors chondrogenesis and especially increases extracellular matrix production and decreases hypertrophy. 28131943 26 26 theme collagen-based 3185:3198 arg1 matrix 3159:3164 The matrix 3155:3164 The matrix used for MACT 3155:3178 The matrix used for MACT is a collagen-based scaffold. 28131943 26 26 theme collagen-based 3185:3198 arg1 scaffold 3200:3207 a collagen-based scaffold 3183:3207 a collagen-based scaffold 3183:3207 The matrix used for MACT is a collagen-based scaffold. 28131943 11 27 from culturing 1494:1502 arg1 gels 1513:1516 these gels 1507:1516 these gels 1507:1516 Unexpectedly, culturing in these gels was also associated with decreased SOX9 and Collagen type II (Col2) expression, while Collagen type III (Col3) and metalloproteinase 13 notably increased. 28131943 8 28 theme increasing 1176:1185 arg1 concentrations 1187:1200 increasing concentrations 1176:1200 increasing concentrations of HA 1176:1206 The effective Young's modulus changed from 5.8 to 9.0kPa with increasing concentrations of HA in the gel. 28131943 13 29 from increase 1792:1799 arg1 production 1809:1818 GAGs production 1804:1818 GAGs production 1804:1818 In addition, a significant increase in GAGs production was also detected. 28131943 27 30 theme chondrogenic 3366:3377 arg1 differentiation 3379:3393 chondrogenic differentiation 3366:3393 chondrogenic differentiation 3366:3393 In this study, it was demonstrated that hyaluronic acid, a natural component of the extracellular matrix, supplementation to a collagen hydrogel stimulates chondrogenic differentiation in a dose dependent manner. 28131943 4 31 theme HA 777:778 arg1 HA 777:778 HA 777:778 HA 777:778 Coll-HA gels were fabricated by directly mixing different amounts of HA (0-5%) into collagen solution before gelation. 28131943 4 31 theme HA 777:778 arg1 % 784:784 0-5% 781:784 0-5% 781:784 Coll-HA gels were fabricated by directly mixing different amounts of HA (0-5%) into collagen solution before gelation. 28131943 4 31 theme HA 777:778 arg1 amounts 766:772 different amounts 756:772 different amounts of HA (0-5%) 756:785 Coll-HA gels were fabricated by directly mixing different amounts of HA (0-5%) into collagen solution before gelation. 28131943 1 32 theme Clinical 149:156 arg1 success 158:164 Clinical success 149:164 Clinical success on cartilage regeneration 149:190 Clinical success on cartilage regeneration could be achieved by using available biomaterials and cell-based approaches. 28131943 6 33 theme 3D 987:988 arg1 matrices 990:997 the various Coll-HA 3D matrices 967:997 the various Coll-HA 3D matrices 967:997 Thus, five different co-culture groups were tested in the various Coll-HA 3D matrices. 28131943 2 34 theme articular 522:530 arg1 hAC 546:548 hAC 546:548 hAC 546:548 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 2 34 theme articular 522:530 arg1 chondrocytes 532:543 human articular chondrocytes 516:543 human articular chondrocytes (hAC) 516:549 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 4 35 theme Coll-HA 708:714 arg1 gels 716:719 Coll-HA gels 708:719 Coll-HA gels 708:719 Coll-HA gels were fabricated by directly mixing different amounts of HA (0-5%) into collagen solution before gelation. 28131943 16 36 theme highest 2115:2121 arg1 9.9kPa 2150:2155 9.9kPa 2150:2155 9.9kPa 2150:2155 It also featured the highest effective Young's modulus (9.9kPa) when cultivated in the 1% HA matrix. 28131943 16 36 theme highest 2115:2121 arg1 modulus 2141:2147 effective Young's modulus 2123:2147 the highest effective Young's modulus (9.9kPa) 2111:2156 It also featured the highest effective Young's modulus (9.9kPa) when cultivated in the 1% HA matrix. 28131943 10 37 dep used 1375:1378 arg1 concentration 1361:1373 The highest HA concentration 1346:1373 The highest HA concentration used (5%) 1346:1383 The highest HA concentration used (5%) resulted in the lowest Collagen type X (Col10) expression for most of the cell culture groups. 28131943 10 37 dep used 1375:1378 arg1 % 1382:1382 5% 1381:1382 5% 1381:1382 The highest HA concentration used (5%) resulted in the lowest Collagen type X (Col10) expression for most of the cell culture groups. 28131943 0 38 theme human 68:72 arg1 cells 107:111 human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 68:111 human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 68:111 Hyaluronic acid facilitates chondrogenesis and matrix deposition of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells and human chondrocytes co-cultures. 28131943 3 39 theme additional 618:627 arg1 stimulus 629:636 an additional stimulus 615:636 an additional stimulus to the hAMSCs for chondrogenesis and extracellular matrix deposition 615:705 The incorporation of hyaluronic acid (HA) attempted to provide an additional stimulus to the hAMSCs for chondrogenesis and extracellular matrix deposition. 28131943 8 40 dep 9.0kPa 1164:1169 arg1 to 1161:1162 to 1161:1162 to 1161:1162 The effective Young's modulus changed from 5.8 to 9.0kPa with increasing concentrations of HA in the gel. 28131943 2 41 from based 318:322 arg1 Coll-HA 353:359 Coll-HA 353:359 Coll-HA 353:359 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 2 41 from based 318:322 arg1 acid 347:350 collagen/hyaluronic acid 327:350 collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) 327:360 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 6 42 theme various 971:977 arg1 matrices 990:997 the various Coll-HA 3D matrices 967:997 the various Coll-HA 3D matrices 967:997 Thus, five different co-culture groups were tested in the various Coll-HA 3D matrices. 28131943 16 43 theme Young 2133:2137 arg1 9.9kPa 2150:2155 9.9kPa 2150:2155 9.9kPa 2150:2155 It also featured the highest effective Young's modulus (9.9kPa) when cultivated in the 1% HA matrix. 28131943 16 43 theme Young 2133:2137 arg1 modulus 2141:2147 effective Young's modulus 2123:2147 the highest effective Young's modulus (9.9kPa) 2111:2156 It also featured the highest effective Young's modulus (9.9kPa) when cultivated in the 1% HA matrix. 28131943 0 44 theme derived 82:88 arg1 cells 107:111 human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 68:111 human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 68:111 Hyaluronic acid facilitates chondrogenesis and matrix deposition of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells and human chondrocytes co-cultures. 28131943 15 45 theme negligible 2011:2020 arg1 expression 2028:2037 negligible Col10 expression 2011:2037 negligible Col10 expression 2011:2037 This group showed negligible Col10 expression after 35days of culture independently of the gel used. 28131943 25 46 theme culturing 3104:3112 arg1 chondrocytes 3114:3125 culturing chondrocytes 3104:3125 culturing chondrocytes 3104:3125 Moreover, culturing chondrocytes leads to dedifferentiation. 28131943 22 47 theme hACs 2781:2784 arg1 co-culture 2767:2776 co-culture 2767:2776 co-culture of hACs with hAMSCs 2767:2796 Additionally, co-culture of hACs with hAMSCs also favors chondrogenesis and especially increases extracellular matrix production and decreases hypertrophy. 28131943 2 48 dep ideal 365:369 arg1 representative 388:401 representative 388:401 representative 388:401 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 18 49 theme hAMSCs 2445:2450 arg1 metabolism 2404:2413 higher cellular metabolism 2388:2413 higher cellular metabolism 2388:2413 This might be attributed to the higher cellular metabolism and proliferation rate of the hAMSCs. 28131943 18 49 theme hAMSCs 2445:2450 arg1 rate 2433:2436 proliferation rate 2419:2436 proliferation rate 2419:2436 This might be attributed to the higher cellular metabolism and proliferation rate of the hAMSCs. 28131943 29 50 theme chondrogenic 3584:3595 arg1 potential 3597:3605 the chondrogenic potential 3580:3605 the chondrogenic potential 3580:3605 Furthermore, exchanging 25% of human articular chondrocytes with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells didn't change the chondrogenic potential, but reduced going in unwanted pathways and improved biomechanical properties. 28131943 0 51 theme stem 102:105 arg1 cells 107:111 human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 68:111 human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 68:111 Hyaluronic acid facilitates chondrogenesis and matrix deposition of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells and human chondrocytes co-cultures. 28131943 1 52 from success 158:164 arg1 regeneration 179:190 cartilage regeneration 169:190 cartilage regeneration 169:190 Clinical success on cartilage regeneration could be achieved by using available biomaterials and cell-based approaches. 28131943 27 53 theme matrix 3308:3313 arg1 component 3277:3285 a natural component 3267:3285 a natural component of the extracellular matrix 3267:3313 In this study, it was demonstrated that hyaluronic acid, a natural component of the extracellular matrix, supplementation to a collagen hydrogel stimulates chondrogenic differentiation in a dose dependent manner. 28131943 27 53 theme matrix 3308:3313 arg1 acid 3261:3264 hyaluronic acid 3250:3264 hyaluronic acid 3250:3264 In this study, it was demonstrated that hyaluronic acid, a natural component of the extracellular matrix, supplementation to a collagen hydrogel stimulates chondrogenic differentiation in a dose dependent manner. 28131943 29 54 theme stem 3555:3558 arg1 cells 3560:3564 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 3527:3564 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 3527:3564 Furthermore, exchanging 25% of human articular chondrocytes with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells didn't change the chondrogenic potential, but reduced going in unwanted pathways and improved biomechanical properties. 28131943 9 55 theme glycosaminoglycan 1265:1281 arg1 GAG 1284:1286 GAG 1284:1286 GAG 1284:1286 In addition, significantly higher amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were detected that seemed to be dependent on HA content. 28131943 9 55 theme glycosaminoglycan 1265:1281 arg1 glycosaminoglycan 1265:1281 glycosaminoglycan 1265:1281 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) 1265:1287 In addition, significantly higher amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were detected that seemed to be dependent on HA content. 28131943 9 55 theme glycosaminoglycan 1265:1281 arg1 amounts 1254:1260 significantly higher amounts 1233:1260 significantly higher amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) 1233:1287 In addition, significantly higher amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were detected that seemed to be dependent on HA content. 28131943 0 56 theme matrix 47:52 arg1 deposition 54:63 matrix deposition 47:63 matrix deposition 47:63 Hyaluronic acid facilitates chondrogenesis and matrix deposition of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells and human chondrocytes co-cultures. 28131943 2 57 theme stem 479:482 arg1 hAMSCs 491:496 hAMSCs 491:496 hAMSCs 491:496 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 2 57 theme stem 479:482 arg1 cells 484:488 human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 445:488 human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC) 445:549 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 14 58 theme chondrogenic 1911:1922 arg1 one 1924:1926 the most chondrogenic one 1902:1926 the most chondrogenic one considering SOX9 and Col2 expression as well as GAGs production 1902:1990 Regarding co-culturing, the group with 25% hAMSCs+75% hACs was the most chondrogenic one considering SOX9 and Col2 expression as well as GAGs production. 28131943 14 58 theme chondrogenic 1911:1922 arg1 group 1867:1871 the group 1863:1871 the group with 25% hAMSCs+75% hACs 1863:1896 Regarding co-culturing, the group with 25% hAMSCs+75% hACs was the most chondrogenic one considering SOX9 and Col2 expression as well as GAGs production. 28131943 28 59 theme overall 3445:3451 arg1 results 3453:3459 the best overall results 3436:3459 the best overall results 3436:3459 1% HA showed the best overall results. 28131943 2 60 theme 3D 403:404 arg1 support 406:412 ideal, physiologically representative 3D support 365:412 ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC) 365:549 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 0 61 theme Hyaluronic 0:9 arg1 acid 11:14 Hyaluronic acid 0:14 Hyaluronic acid 0:14 Hyaluronic acid facilitates chondrogenesis and matrix deposition of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells and human chondrocytes co-cultures. 28131943 2 62 theme adipose-derived 451:465 arg1 hAMSCs 491:496 hAMSCs 491:496 hAMSCs 491:496 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 2 62 theme adipose-derived 451:465 arg1 cells 484:488 human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 445:488 human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC) 445:549 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 10 63 theme type 1417:1420 arg1 Col10 1425:1429 Col10 1425:1429 Col10 1425:1429 The highest HA concentration used (5%) resulted in the lowest Collagen type X (Col10) expression for most of the cell culture groups. 28131943 10 63 theme type 1417:1420 arg1 X 1422:1422 Collagen type X 1408:1422 the lowest Collagen type X (Col10) expression for most of the cell culture groups 1397:1477 The highest HA concentration used (5%) resulted in the lowest Collagen type X (Col10) expression for most of the cell culture groups. 28131943 5 64 dep % 888:888 arg1 to 890:891 to 890:891 to 890:891 hACs and hAMSCs were co-cultured at different ratios from 100% to 0% in steps of 25%. 28131943 29 65 theme chondrocytes 3509:3520 arg1 chondrocytes 3509:3520 human articular chondrocytes 3493:3520 human articular chondrocytes 3493:3520 Furthermore, exchanging 25% of human articular chondrocytes with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells didn't change the chondrogenic potential, but reduced going in unwanted pathways and improved biomechanical properties. 28131943 29 65 theme chondrocytes 3509:3520 arg1 % 3488:3488 25% 3486:3488 25% of human articular chondrocytes with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 3486:3564 Furthermore, exchanging 25% of human articular chondrocytes with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells didn't change the chondrogenic potential, but reduced going in unwanted pathways and improved biomechanical properties. 28131943 18 66 theme higher 2388:2393 arg1 metabolism 2404:2413 higher cellular metabolism 2388:2413 higher cellular metabolism 2388:2413 This might be attributed to the higher cellular metabolism and proliferation rate of the hAMSCs. 28131943 19 67 located detected 2485:2492 arg2 oxygen 2474:2479 lower oxygen 2468:2479 lower oxygen 2468:2479 Interestingly, lower oxygen was detected in the HA-containing gels when compared to plain collagen. 28131943 19 67 located detected 2485:2492 arg1 gels 2515:2518 the HA-containing gels 2497:2518 the HA-containing gels 2497:2518 Interestingly, lower oxygen was detected in the HA-containing gels when compared to plain collagen. 28131943 10 68 theme lowest 1401:1406 arg1 expression 1432:1441 the lowest Collagen type X (Col10) expression 1397:1441 the lowest Collagen type X (Col10) expression for most of the cell culture groups 1397:1477 The highest HA concentration used (5%) resulted in the lowest Collagen type X (Col10) expression for most of the cell culture groups. 28131943 18 69 theme proliferation 2419:2431 arg1 rate 2433:2436 proliferation rate 2419:2436 proliferation rate 2419:2436 This might be attributed to the higher cellular metabolism and proliferation rate of the hAMSCs. 28131943 29 70 theme adipose-derived 3527:3541 arg1 cells 3560:3564 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 3527:3564 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 3527:3564 Furthermore, exchanging 25% of human articular chondrocytes with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells didn't change the chondrogenic potential, but reduced going in unwanted pathways and improved biomechanical properties. 28131943 22 71 theme extracellular 2850:2862 arg1 production 2871:2880 extracellular matrix production 2850:2880 extracellular matrix production 2850:2880 Additionally, co-culture of hACs with hAMSCs also favors chondrogenesis and especially increases extracellular matrix production and decreases hypertrophy. 28131943 12 72 theme 1 1682:1682 arg1 % 1683:1683 % 1683:1683 % 1683:1683 By using 1% HA, a positive effect on SOX9 expression was observed in the co-culture groups. 28131943 27 73 theme acid 3261:3264 arg1 supplementation 3316:3330 hyaluronic acid, a natural component of the extracellular matrix, supplementation 3250:3330 hyaluronic acid, a natural component of the extracellular matrix, supplementation to a collagen hydrogel 3250:3353 In this study, it was demonstrated that hyaluronic acid, a natural component of the extracellular matrix, supplementation to a collagen hydrogel stimulates chondrogenic differentiation in a dose dependent manner. 28131943 17 74 with groups 2249:2254 arg1 hAMSCs 2280:2285 hAMSCs 2280:2285 hAMSCs 2280:2285 Concerning the level of dissolved oxygen in situ, the groups with a higher amount of hAMSCs showed lower oxygen levels (40-58% O2) compared to hACs (63-74% O2). 28131943 17 74 with groups 2249:2254 arg1 amount 2270:2275 a higher amount 2261:2275 a higher amount of hAMSCs 2261:2285 Concerning the level of dissolved oxygen in situ, the groups with a higher amount of hAMSCs showed lower oxygen levels (40-58% O2) compared to hACs (63-74% O2). 28131943 16 75 theme HA 2184:2185 arg1 matrix 2187:2192 the 1% HA matrix 2177:2192 the 1% HA matrix 2177:2192 It also featured the highest effective Young's modulus (9.9kPa) when cultivated in the 1% HA matrix. 28131943 7 76 theme Coll-HA 1101:1107 arg1 gel 1109:1111 the Coll-HA gel 1097:1111 the Coll-HA gel 1097:1111 HA greatly impacted the cell viability and proliferation as well as the mechanical properties of the Coll-HA gel. 28131943 17 77 theme higher 2263:2268 arg1 hAMSCs 2280:2285 hAMSCs 2280:2285 hAMSCs 2280:2285 Concerning the level of dissolved oxygen in situ, the groups with a higher amount of hAMSCs showed lower oxygen levels (40-58% O2) compared to hACs (63-74% O2). 28131943 17 77 theme higher 2263:2268 arg1 amount 2270:2275 a higher amount 2261:2275 a higher amount of hAMSCs 2261:2285 Concerning the level of dissolved oxygen in situ, the groups with a higher amount of hAMSCs showed lower oxygen levels (40-58% O2) compared to hACs (63-74% O2). 28131943 17 78 theme dissolved 2219:2227 arg1 oxygen 2229:2234 dissolved oxygen 2219:2234 dissolved oxygen 2219:2234 Concerning the level of dissolved oxygen in situ, the groups with a higher amount of hAMSCs showed lower oxygen levels (40-58% O2) compared to hACs (63-74% O2). 28131943 11 79 theme Collagen 1604:1611 arg1 type 1613:1616 Collagen type III 1604:1620 Collagen type III (Col3) 1604:1627 Unexpectedly, culturing in these gels was also associated with decreased SOX9 and Collagen type II (Col2) expression, while Collagen type III (Col3) and metalloproteinase 13 notably increased. 28131943 11 79 theme Collagen 1604:1611 arg1 Col3 1623:1626 Col3 1623:1626 Col3 1623:1626 Unexpectedly, culturing in these gels was also associated with decreased SOX9 and Collagen type II (Col2) expression, while Collagen type III (Col3) and metalloproteinase 13 notably increased. 28131943 4 80 theme collagen 792:799 arg1 solution 801:808 collagen solution 792:808 collagen solution before gelation 792:824 Coll-HA gels were fabricated by directly mixing different amounts of HA (0-5%) into collagen solution before gelation. 28131943 17 81 dep in 2236:2237 arg1 situ 2239:2242 situ 2239:2242 situ 2239:2242 Concerning the level of dissolved oxygen in situ, the groups with a higher amount of hAMSCs showed lower oxygen levels (40-58% O2) compared to hACs (63-74% O2). 28131943 29 82 theme human 3493:3497 arg1 chondrocytes 3509:3520 human articular chondrocytes 3493:3520 human articular chondrocytes 3493:3520 Furthermore, exchanging 25% of human articular chondrocytes with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells didn't change the chondrogenic potential, but reduced going in unwanted pathways and improved biomechanical properties. 28131943 1 83 theme cell-based 246:255 arg1 approaches 257:266 cell-based approaches 246:266 cell-based approaches 246:266 Clinical success on cartilage regeneration could be achieved by using available biomaterials and cell-based approaches. 28131943 12 84 theme positive 1691:1698 arg1 effect 1700:1705 a positive effect 1689:1705 a positive effect on SOX9 expression 1689:1724 By using 1% HA, a positive effect on SOX9 expression was observed in the co-culture groups. 28131943 23 85 theme cartilage 2968:2976 arg1 defects 2978:2984 large cartilage defects 2962:2984 large cartilage defects 2962:2984 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In the clinical situation, large cartilage defects can be treated with MACT. 28131943 3 86 theme extracellular 675:687 arg1 deposition 696:705 extracellular matrix deposition 675:705 extracellular matrix deposition 675:705 The incorporation of hyaluronic acid (HA) attempted to provide an additional stimulus to the hAMSCs for chondrogenesis and extracellular matrix deposition. 28131943 9 87 theme HA 1334:1335 arg1 content 1337:1343 HA content 1334:1343 HA content 1334:1343 In addition, significantly higher amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were detected that seemed to be dependent on HA content. 28131943 11 88 theme decreased 1543:1551 arg1 expression 1586:1595 decreased SOX9 and Collagen type II (Col2) expression 1543:1595 decreased SOX9 and Collagen type II (Col2) expression 1543:1595 Unexpectedly, culturing in these gels was also associated with decreased SOX9 and Collagen type II (Col2) expression, while Collagen type III (Col3) and metalloproteinase 13 notably increased. 28131943 2 89 theme ideal 365:369 arg1 support 406:412 ideal, physiologically representative 3D support 365:412 ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC) 365:549 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 17 90 theme oxygen 2300:2305 arg1 % 2320:2320 40-58% O2 2315:2323 40-58% O2 2315:2323 Concerning the level of dissolved oxygen in situ, the groups with a higher amount of hAMSCs showed lower oxygen levels (40-58% O2) compared to hACs (63-74% O2). 28131943 17 90 theme oxygen 2300:2305 arg1 levels 2307:2312 lower oxygen levels 2294:2312 lower oxygen levels (40-58% O2) 2294:2324 Concerning the level of dissolved oxygen in situ, the groups with a higher amount of hAMSCs showed lower oxygen levels (40-58% O2) compared to hACs (63-74% O2). 28131943 13 91 theme GAGs 1804:1807 arg1 production 1809:1818 GAGs production 1804:1818 GAGs production 1804:1818 In addition, a significant increase in GAGs production was also detected. 28131943 2 92 theme composite 304:312 arg1 based 318:322 a composite gel based 302:322 a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) 302:360 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 5 93 theme 0 893:893 arg1 % 888:888 % 888:888 % 888:888 hACs and hAMSCs were co-cultured at different ratios from 100% to 0% in steps of 25%. 28131943 17 94 theme oxygen 2229:2234 arg1 level 2210:2214 the level 2206:2214 the level of dissolved oxygen in situ 2206:2242 Concerning the level of dissolved oxygen in situ, the groups with a higher amount of hAMSCs showed lower oxygen levels (40-58% O2) compared to hACs (63-74% O2). 28131943 10 95 theme cell 1459:1462 arg1 groups 1472:1477 the cell culture groups 1455:1477 the cell culture groups 1455:1477 The highest HA concentration used (5%) resulted in the lowest Collagen type X (Col10) expression for most of the cell culture groups. 28131943 11 96 theme type 1571:1574 arg1 expression 1586:1595 decreased SOX9 and Collagen type II (Col2) expression 1543:1595 decreased SOX9 and Collagen type II (Col2) expression 1543:1595 Unexpectedly, culturing in these gels was also associated with decreased SOX9 and Collagen type II (Col2) expression, while Collagen type III (Col3) and metalloproteinase 13 notably increased. 28131943 5 97 theme different 863:871 arg1 ratios 873:878 different ratios 863:878 different ratios from 100% to 0% 863:894 hACs and hAMSCs were co-cultured at different ratios from 100% to 0% in steps of 25%. 28131943 29 98 with % 3488:3488 arg1 cells 3560:3564 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 3527:3564 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 3527:3564 Furthermore, exchanging 25% of human articular chondrocytes with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells didn't change the chondrogenic potential, but reduced going in unwanted pathways and improved biomechanical properties. 28131943 10 99 theme highest 1350:1356 arg1 concentration 1361:1373 The highest HA concentration 1346:1373 The highest HA concentration used (5%) 1346:1383 The highest HA concentration used (5%) resulted in the lowest Collagen type X (Col10) expression for most of the cell culture groups. 28131943 10 99 theme highest 1350:1356 arg1 % 1382:1382 5% 1381:1382 5% 1381:1382 The highest HA concentration used (5%) resulted in the lowest Collagen type X (Col10) expression for most of the cell culture groups. 28131943 2 100 theme collagen/hyaluronic 327:345 arg1 Coll-HA 353:359 Coll-HA 353:359 Coll-HA 353:359 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 2 100 theme collagen/hyaluronic 327:345 arg1 acid 347:350 collagen/hyaluronic acid 327:350 collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) 327:360 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 19 101 theme lower 2468:2472 arg1 oxygen 2474:2479 lower oxygen 2468:2479 lower oxygen 2468:2479 Interestingly, lower oxygen was detected in the HA-containing gels when compared to plain collagen. 28131943 27 102 theme dependent 3405:3413 arg1 manner 3415:3420 a dose dependent manner 3398:3420 a dose dependent manner 3398:3420 In this study, it was demonstrated that hyaluronic acid, a natural component of the extracellular matrix, supplementation to a collagen hydrogel stimulates chondrogenic differentiation in a dose dependent manner. 28131943 8 103 theme HA 1205:1206 arg1 concentrations 1187:1200 increasing concentrations 1176:1200 increasing concentrations of HA 1176:1206 The effective Young's modulus changed from 5.8 to 9.0kPa with increasing concentrations of HA in the gel. 28131943 16 104 theme % 2182:2182 arg1 matrix 2187:2192 the 1% HA matrix 2177:2192 the 1% HA matrix 2177:2192 It also featured the highest effective Young's modulus (9.9kPa) when cultivated in the 1% HA matrix. 28131943 16 105 theme 1 2181:2181 arg1 % 2182:2182 % 2182:2182 % 2182:2182 It also featured the highest effective Young's modulus (9.9kPa) when cultivated in the 1% HA matrix. 28131943 3 106 theme hyaluronic 573:582 arg1 acid 584:587 hyaluronic acid 573:587 hyaluronic acid (HA) 573:592 The incorporation of hyaluronic acid (HA) attempted to provide an additional stimulus to the hAMSCs for chondrogenesis and extracellular matrix deposition. 28131943 3 106 theme hyaluronic 573:582 arg1 HA 590:591 HA 590:591 HA 590:591 The incorporation of hyaluronic acid (HA) attempted to provide an additional stimulus to the hAMSCs for chondrogenesis and extracellular matrix deposition. 28131943 19 107 theme HA-containing 2501:2513 arg1 gels 2515:2518 the HA-containing gels 2497:2518 the HA-containing gels 2497:2518 Interestingly, lower oxygen was detected in the HA-containing gels when compared to plain collagen. 28131943 6 108 theme different 924:932 arg1 groups 945:950 five different co-culture groups 919:950 five different co-culture groups 919:950 Thus, five different co-culture groups were tested in the various Coll-HA 3D matrices. 28131943 14 109 theme GAGs 1976:1979 arg1 production 1981:1990 GAGs production 1976:1990 SOX9 and Col2 expression as well as GAGs production 1940:1990 Regarding co-culturing, the group with 25% hAMSCs+75% hACs was the most chondrogenic one considering SOX9 and Col2 expression as well as GAGs production. 28131943 12 110 from effect 1700:1705 arg1 expression 1715:1724 SOX9 expression 1710:1724 SOX9 expression 1710:1724 By using 1% HA, a positive effect on SOX9 expression was observed in the co-culture groups. 28131943 29 111 theme unwanted 3629:3636 arg1 pathways 3638:3645 unwanted pathways 3629:3645 unwanted pathways 3629:3645 Furthermore, exchanging 25% of human articular chondrocytes with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells didn't change the chondrogenic potential, but reduced going in unwanted pathways and improved biomechanical properties. 28131943 29 112 theme biomechanical 3660:3672 arg1 properties 3674:3683 improved biomechanical properties 3651:3683 improved biomechanical properties 3651:3683 Furthermore, exchanging 25% of human articular chondrocytes with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells didn't change the chondrogenic potential, but reduced going in unwanted pathways and improved biomechanical properties. 28131943 9 113 located detected 1294:1301 arg2 GAG 1284:1286 GAG 1284:1286 GAG 1284:1286 In addition, significantly higher amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were detected that seemed to be dependent on HA content. 28131943 9 113 located detected 1294:1301 arg1 addition 1223:1230 addition 1223:1230 addition 1223:1230 In addition, significantly higher amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were detected that seemed to be dependent on HA content. 28131943 9 113 located detected 1294:1301 arg2 glycosaminoglycan 1265:1281 glycosaminoglycan 1265:1281 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) 1265:1287 In addition, significantly higher amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were detected that seemed to be dependent on HA content. 28131943 9 113 located detected 1294:1301 arg2 amounts 1254:1260 significantly higher amounts 1233:1260 significantly higher amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) 1233:1287 In addition, significantly higher amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were detected that seemed to be dependent on HA content. 28131943 19 114 theme plain 2537:2541 arg1 collagen 2543:2550 plain collagen 2537:2550 plain collagen 2537:2550 Interestingly, lower oxygen was detected in the HA-containing gels when compared to plain collagen. 28131943 18 115 dep metabolism 2404:2413 arg1 the 2384:2386 the 2384:2386 the 2384:2386 This might be attributed to the higher cellular metabolism and proliferation rate of the hAMSCs. 28131943 27 116 theme collagen 3337:3344 arg1 hydrogel 3346:3353 a collagen hydrogel 3335:3353 a collagen hydrogel 3335:3353 In this study, it was demonstrated that hyaluronic acid, a natural component of the extracellular matrix, supplementation to a collagen hydrogel stimulates chondrogenic differentiation in a dose dependent manner. 28131943 22 117 with co-culture 2767:2776 arg1 hAMSCs 2791:2796 hAMSCs 2791:2796 hAMSCs 2791:2796 Additionally, co-culture of hACs with hAMSCs also favors chondrogenesis and especially increases extracellular matrix production and decreases hypertrophy. 28131943 16 118 theme effective 2123:2131 arg1 9.9kPa 2150:2155 9.9kPa 2150:2155 9.9kPa 2150:2155 It also featured the highest effective Young's modulus (9.9kPa) when cultivated in the 1% HA matrix. 28131943 16 118 theme effective 2123:2131 arg1 modulus 2141:2147 effective Young's modulus 2123:2147 the highest effective Young's modulus (9.9kPa) 2111:2156 It also featured the highest effective Young's modulus (9.9kPa) when cultivated in the 1% HA matrix. 28131943 0 119 theme adipose 74:80 arg1 cells 107:111 human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 68:111 human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 68:111 Hyaluronic acid facilitates chondrogenesis and matrix deposition of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells and human chondrocytes co-cultures. 28131943 15 120 theme Col10 2022:2026 arg1 expression 2028:2037 negligible Col10 expression 2011:2037 negligible Col10 expression 2011:2037 This group showed negligible Col10 expression after 35days of culture independently of the gel used. 28131943 6 121 theme Coll-HA 979:985 arg1 matrices 990:997 the various Coll-HA 3D matrices 967:997 the various Coll-HA 3D matrices 967:997 Thus, five different co-culture groups were tested in the various Coll-HA 3D matrices. 28131943 2 122 theme human 516:520 arg1 hAC 546:548 hAC 546:548 hAC 546:548 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 2 122 theme human 516:520 arg1 chondrocytes 532:543 human articular chondrocytes 516:543 human articular chondrocytes (hAC) 516:549 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 27 123 theme natural 3269:3275 arg1 component 3277:3285 a natural component 3267:3285 a natural component of the extracellular matrix 3267:3313 In this study, it was demonstrated that hyaluronic acid, a natural component of the extracellular matrix, supplementation to a collagen hydrogel stimulates chondrogenic differentiation in a dose dependent manner. 28131943 27 123 theme natural 3269:3275 arg1 acid 3261:3264 hyaluronic acid 3250:3264 hyaluronic acid 3250:3264 In this study, it was demonstrated that hyaluronic acid, a natural component of the extracellular matrix, supplementation to a collagen hydrogel stimulates chondrogenic differentiation in a dose dependent manner. 28131943 24 124 theme two-stage 3031:3039 arg1 procedure 3041:3049 a two-stage procedure 3029:3049 a two-stage procedure 3029:3049 However, this is a two-stage procedure, which increases the risk for the patient. 28131943 24 124 theme two-stage 3031:3039 arg1 this 3021:3024 this 3021:3024 this 3021:3024 However, this is a two-stage procedure, which increases the risk for the patient. 28131943 0 125 theme mesenchymal 90:100 arg1 cells 107:111 human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 68:111 human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 68:111 Hyaluronic acid facilitates chondrogenesis and matrix deposition of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells and human chondrocytes co-cultures. 28131943 1 126 theme cartilage 169:177 arg1 regeneration 179:190 cartilage regeneration 169:190 cartilage regeneration 169:190 Clinical success on cartilage regeneration could be achieved by using available biomaterials and cell-based approaches. 28131943 14 127 theme Col2 1949:1952 arg1 expression 1954:1963 SOX9 and Col2 expression 1940:1963 expression 1954:1963 Regarding co-culturing, the group with 25% hAMSCs+75% hACs was the most chondrogenic one considering SOX9 and Col2 expression as well as GAGs production. 28131943 2 128 link adipose-derived 451:465 arg1 hAMSCs 491:496 hAMSCs 491:496 hAMSCs 491:496 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 2 128 link adipose-derived 451:465 arg1 cells 484:488 human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 445:488 human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC) 445:549 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 28 129 theme best 3440:3443 arg1 results 3453:3459 the best overall results 3436:3459 the best overall results 3436:3459 1% HA showed the best overall results. 28131943 0 130 theme cells 107:111 arg1 chondrogenesis 28:41 chondrogenesis 28:41 chondrogenesis 28:41 Hyaluronic acid facilitates chondrogenesis and matrix deposition of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells and human chondrocytes co-cultures. 28131943 0 130 theme cells 107:111 arg1 deposition 54:63 matrix deposition 47:63 matrix deposition 47:63 Hyaluronic acid facilitates chondrogenesis and matrix deposition of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells and human chondrocytes co-cultures. 28131943 9 131 theme higher 1247:1252 arg1 GAG 1284:1286 GAG 1284:1286 GAG 1284:1286 In addition, significantly higher amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were detected that seemed to be dependent on HA content. 28131943 9 131 theme higher 1247:1252 arg1 glycosaminoglycan 1265:1281 glycosaminoglycan 1265:1281 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) 1265:1287 In addition, significantly higher amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were detected that seemed to be dependent on HA content. 28131943 9 131 theme higher 1247:1252 arg1 amounts 1254:1260 significantly higher amounts 1233:1260 significantly higher amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) 1233:1287 In addition, significantly higher amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were detected that seemed to be dependent on HA content. 28131943 5 132 from % 894:894 arg1 ratios 873:878 different ratios 863:878 different ratios from 100% to 0% 863:894 hACs and hAMSCs were co-cultured at different ratios from 100% to 0% in steps of 25%. 28131943 2 133 theme gel 314:316 arg1 based 318:322 a composite gel based 302:322 a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) 302:360 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 27 134 theme extracellular 3294:3306 arg1 matrix 3308:3313 the extracellular matrix 3290:3313 the extracellular matrix 3290:3313 In this study, it was demonstrated that hyaluronic acid, a natural component of the extracellular matrix, supplementation to a collagen hydrogel stimulates chondrogenic differentiation in a dose dependent manner. 28131943 14 135 theme SOX9 1940:1943 arg1 expression 1954:1963 SOX9 and Col2 expression 1940:1963 expression 1954:1963 Regarding co-culturing, the group with 25% hAMSCs+75% hACs was the most chondrogenic one considering SOX9 and Col2 expression as well as GAGs production. 28131943 0 136 theme human 117:121 arg1 chondrocytes 123:134 human chondrocytes 117:134 human chondrocytes 117:134 Hyaluronic acid facilitates chondrogenesis and matrix deposition of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells and human chondrocytes co-cultures. 28131943 20 137 located observed 2602:2609 arg1 groups 2620:2625 these groups 2614:2625 these groups 2614:2625 This may contribute to the better chondrogenesis observed in these groups. 28131943 20 137 located observed 2602:2609 arg2 chondrogenesis 2587:2600 the better chondrogenesis 2576:2600 the better chondrogenesis observed in these groups 2576:2625 This may contribute to the better chondrogenesis observed in these groups. 28131943 0 138 dep cells 107:111 arg1 co-cultures 136:146 co-cultures 136:146 co-cultures 136:146 Hyaluronic acid facilitates chondrogenesis and matrix deposition of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells and human chondrocytes co-cultures. 28131943 12 139 theme co-culture 1746:1755 arg1 groups 1757:1762 the co-culture groups 1742:1762 the co-culture groups 1742:1762 By using 1% HA, a positive effect on SOX9 expression was observed in the co-culture groups. 28131943 5 140 theme % 910:910 arg1 steps 899:903 steps 899:903 steps of 25% 899:910 hACs and hAMSCs were co-cultured at different ratios from 100% to 0% in steps of 25%. 28131943 29 141 theme mesenchymal 3543:3553 arg1 cells 3560:3564 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 3527:3564 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 3527:3564 Furthermore, exchanging 25% of human articular chondrocytes with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells didn't change the chondrogenic potential, but reduced going in unwanted pathways and improved biomechanical properties. 28131943 2 142 theme mesenchymal 467:477 arg1 hAMSCs 491:496 hAMSCs 491:496 hAMSCs 491:496 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 2 142 theme mesenchymal 467:477 arg1 cells 484:488 human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 445:488 human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC) 445:549 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 4 143 theme different 756:764 arg1 HA 777:778 HA 777:778 HA 777:778 Coll-HA gels were fabricated by directly mixing different amounts of HA (0-5%) into collagen solution before gelation. 28131943 4 143 theme different 756:764 arg1 % 784:784 0-5% 781:784 0-5% 781:784 Coll-HA gels were fabricated by directly mixing different amounts of HA (0-5%) into collagen solution before gelation. 28131943 4 143 theme different 756:764 arg1 amounts 766:772 different amounts 756:772 different amounts of HA (0-5%) 756:785 Coll-HA gels were fabricated by directly mixing different amounts of HA (0-5%) into collagen solution before gelation. 28131943 12 144 theme SOX9 1710:1713 arg1 expression 1715:1724 SOX9 expression 1710:1724 SOX9 expression 1710:1724 By using 1% HA, a positive effect on SOX9 expression was observed in the co-culture groups. 28131943 2 145 theme human 445:449 arg1 hAMSCs 491:496 hAMSCs 491:496 hAMSCs 491:496 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 2 145 theme human 445:449 arg1 cells 484:488 human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 445:488 human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC) 445:549 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 10 146 theme Collagen 1408:1415 arg1 Col10 1425:1429 Col10 1425:1429 Col10 1425:1429 The highest HA concentration used (5%) resulted in the lowest Collagen type X (Col10) expression for most of the cell culture groups. 28131943 10 146 theme Collagen 1408:1415 arg1 X 1422:1422 Collagen type X 1408:1422 the lowest Collagen type X (Col10) expression for most of the cell culture groups 1397:1477 The highest HA concentration used (5%) resulted in the lowest Collagen type X (Col10) expression for most of the cell culture groups. 28131943 18 147 theme cellular 2395:2402 arg1 metabolism 2404:2413 higher cellular metabolism 2388:2413 higher cellular metabolism 2388:2413 This might be attributed to the higher cellular metabolism and proliferation rate of the hAMSCs. 28131943 7 148 theme gel 1109:1111 arg1 properties 1083:1092 the mechanical properties 1068:1092 the mechanical properties of the Coll-HA gel 1068:1111 HA greatly impacted the cell viability and proliferation as well as the mechanical properties of the Coll-HA gel. 28131943 7 148 theme gel 1109:1111 arg1 proliferation 1043:1055 proliferation 1043:1055 proliferation 1043:1055 HA greatly impacted the cell viability and proliferation as well as the mechanical properties of the Coll-HA gel. 28131943 7 148 theme gel 1109:1111 arg1 viability 1029:1037 the cell viability 1020:1037 the cell viability 1020:1037 HA greatly impacted the cell viability and proliferation as well as the mechanical properties of the Coll-HA gel. 28131943 27 149 theme hyaluronic 3250:3259 arg1 component 3277:3285 a natural component 3267:3285 a natural component of the extracellular matrix 3267:3313 In this study, it was demonstrated that hyaluronic acid, a natural component of the extracellular matrix, supplementation to a collagen hydrogel stimulates chondrogenic differentiation in a dose dependent manner. 28131943 27 149 theme hyaluronic 3250:3259 arg1 acid 3261:3264 hyaluronic acid 3250:3264 hyaluronic acid 3250:3264 In this study, it was demonstrated that hyaluronic acid, a natural component of the extracellular matrix, supplementation to a collagen hydrogel stimulates chondrogenic differentiation in a dose dependent manner. 28131943 14 150 theme % 1891:1891 arg1 hACs 1893:1896 25% hAMSCs+75% hACs 1878:1896 25% hAMSCs+75% hACs 1878:1896 Regarding co-culturing, the group with 25% hAMSCs+75% hACs was the most chondrogenic one considering SOX9 and Col2 expression as well as GAGs production. 28131943 2 151 dep in 418:419 arg1 vitro 421:425 vitro 421:425 vitro 421:425 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 2 152 theme in 418:419 arg1 chondrogenesis 427:440 in vitro chondrogenesis 418:440 in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC) 418:549 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 13 153 located detected 1829:1836 arg2 increase 1792:1799 a significant increase 1778:1799 a significant increase in GAGs production 1778:1818 In addition, a significant increase in GAGs production was also detected. 28131943 13 153 located detected 1829:1836 arg1 addition 1768:1775 addition 1768:1775 addition 1768:1775 In addition, a significant increase in GAGs production was also detected. 28131943 0 154 link derived 82:88 arg1 cells 107:111 human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 68:111 human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells 68:111 Hyaluronic acid facilitates chondrogenesis and matrix deposition of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells and human chondrocytes co-cultures. 28131943 2 155 theme cells 484:488 arg1 chondrogenesis 427:440 in vitro chondrogenesis 418:440 in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC) 418:549 In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). 28131943 14 156 theme % 1880:1880 arg1 % 1891:1891 25% hAMSCs+75% 1878:1891 25% hAMSCs+75% hACs 1878:1896 Regarding co-culturing, the group with 25% hAMSCs+75% hACs was the most chondrogenic one considering SOX9 and Col2 expression as well as GAGs production. 28131943 3 157 theme matrix 689:694 arg1 deposition 696:705 extracellular matrix deposition 675:705 extracellular matrix deposition 675:705 The incorporation of hyaluronic acid (HA) attempted to provide an additional stimulus to the hAMSCs for chondrogenesis and extracellular matrix deposition. 28131943 12 158 theme % 1683:1683 arg1 HA 1685:1686 1% HA 1682:1686 1% HA 1682:1686 By using 1% HA, a positive effect on SOX9 expression was observed in the co-culture groups. 28131943 10 159 theme X 1422:1422 arg1 expression 1432:1441 the lowest Collagen type X (Col10) expression 1397:1441 the lowest Collagen type X (Col10) expression for most of the cell culture groups 1397:1477 The highest HA concentration used (5%) resulted in the lowest Collagen type X (Col10) expression for most of the cell culture groups. 28131943 29 160 theme articular 3499:3507 arg1 chondrocytes 3509:3520 human articular chondrocytes 3493:3520 human articular chondrocytes 3493:3520 Furthermore, exchanging 25% of human articular chondrocytes with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells didn't change the chondrogenic potential, but reduced going in unwanted pathways and improved biomechanical properties. 28131943 17 161 theme hAMSCs 2280:2285 arg1 hAMSCs 2280:2285 hAMSCs 2280:2285 hAMSCs 2280:2285 Concerning the level of dissolved oxygen in situ, the groups with a higher amount of hAMSCs showed lower oxygen levels (40-58% O2) compared to hACs (63-74% O2). 28131943 17 161 theme hAMSCs 2280:2285 arg1 amount 2270:2275 a higher amount 2261:2275 a higher amount of hAMSCs 2261:2285 Concerning the level of dissolved oxygen in situ, the groups with a higher amount of hAMSCs showed lower oxygen levels (40-58% O2) compared to hACs (63-74% O2). 27415013 0 0 theme high-risk 94:102 arg1 cohort 112:117 the high-risk patient cohort 90:117 the high-risk patient cohort 90:117 Extracellular matrix composition defines an ultra-high-risk group of neuroblastoma within the high-risk patient cohort. 27415013 5 1 theme 5-year 825:830 arg1 % 849:849 5-year survival rate <15% 825:849 5-year survival rate <15% 825:849 RESULTS The organisation of blood vessels and reticulin fibres in neuroblastic tumours defined an ultra-high-risk patient subgroup with 5-year survival rate <15%. 27415013 7 2 theme stroma 1203:1208 arg1 components 1210:1219 tumour stroma components 1196:1219 tumour stroma components 1196:1219 CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that quantification of tumour stroma components by morphometric techniques has the potential to improve risk stratification of neuroblastoma patients. 27415013 2 3 theme high-risk 371:379 arg1 cohort 381:386 the high-risk cohort 367:386 the high-risk cohort 367:386 METHODS We aimed to define a subgroup of ultra-high-risk patients from within the high-risk cohort. 27415013 5 4 theme survival 832:839 arg1 % 849:849 5-year survival rate <15% 825:849 5-year survival rate <15% 825:849 RESULTS The organisation of blood vessels and reticulin fibres in neuroblastic tumours defined an ultra-high-risk patient subgroup with 5-year survival rate <15%. 27415013 7 5 theme components 1210:1219 arg1 quantification 1178:1191 quantification 1178:1191 quantification of tumour stroma components by morphometric techniques 1178:1246 CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that quantification of tumour stroma components by morphometric techniques has the potential to improve risk stratification of neuroblastoma patients. 27415013 3 6 theme advanced 397:404 arg1 approaches 419:428 advanced morphometric approaches 397:428 advanced morphometric approaches 397:428 We used advanced morphometric approaches to quantify and characterise blood vessels, reticulin fibre networks, collagen type I bundles, elastic fibres and glycosaminoglycans in 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens. 27415013 3 7 theme elastic 525:531 arg1 fibres 533:538 elastic fibres 525:538 elastic fibres 525:538 We used advanced morphometric approaches to quantify and characterise blood vessels, reticulin fibre networks, collagen type I bundles, elastic fibres and glycosaminoglycans in 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens. 27415013 4 8 theme Kaplan-Meier 610:621 arg1 method 623:628 The Kaplan-Meier method 606:628 The Kaplan-Meier method 606:628 The Kaplan-Meier method was used to correlate the analysed elements with survival. 27415013 6 9 attach linked 1105:1110 arg1 phenotype 1135:1143 the ultra-high-risk phenotype 1115:1143 the ultra-high-risk phenotype 1115:1143 Specifically, tumours with irregularly shaped blood vessels, large sinusoid-like vessels, smaller and tortuous venules and arterioles and with large areas of reticulin fibres forming large, crosslinking, branching and haphazardly arranged networks were linked to the ultra-high-risk phenotype. 27415013 6 9 attach linked 1105:1110 arg2 tumours 866:872 tumours 866:872 tumours with irregularly shaped blood vessels, large sinusoid-like vessels, smaller and tortuous venules and arterioles and with large areas of reticulin fibres forming large, crosslinking, branching and haphazardly arranged networks 866:1098 Specifically, tumours with irregularly shaped blood vessels, large sinusoid-like vessels, smaller and tortuous venules and arterioles and with large areas of reticulin fibres forming large, crosslinking, branching and haphazardly arranged networks were linked to the ultra-high-risk phenotype. 27415013 7 10 contain has 1248:1250 arg2 potential 1256:1264 the potential to improve risk stratification of neuroblastoma patients 1252:1321 the potential to improve risk stratification of neuroblastoma patients 1252:1321 CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that quantification of tumour stroma components by morphometric techniques has the potential to improve risk stratification of neuroblastoma patients. 27415013 7 10 contain has 1248:1250 arg1 quantification 1178:1191 quantification 1178:1191 quantification of tumour stroma components by morphometric techniques 1178:1246 CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that quantification of tumour stroma components by morphometric techniques has the potential to improve risk stratification of neuroblastoma patients. 27415013 7 11 theme patients 1314:1321 arg1 stratification 1282:1295 risk stratification 1277:1295 risk stratification of neuroblastoma patients 1277:1321 CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that quantification of tumour stroma components by morphometric techniques has the potential to improve risk stratification of neuroblastoma patients. 27415013 0 12 theme patient 104:110 arg1 cohort 112:117 the high-risk patient cohort 90:117 the high-risk patient cohort 90:117 Extracellular matrix composition defines an ultra-high-risk group of neuroblastoma within the high-risk patient cohort. 27415013 6 13 theme tortuous 954:961 arg1 venules 963:969 smaller and tortuous venules 942:969 smaller and tortuous venules 942:969 Specifically, tumours with irregularly shaped blood vessels, large sinusoid-like vessels, smaller and tortuous venules and arterioles and with large areas of reticulin fibres forming large, crosslinking, branching and haphazardly arranged networks were linked to the ultra-high-risk phenotype. 27415013 7 14 theme tumour 1196:1201 arg1 components 1210:1219 tumour stroma components 1196:1219 tumour stroma components 1196:1219 CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that quantification of tumour stroma components by morphometric techniques has the potential to improve risk stratification of neuroblastoma patients. 27415013 3 15 from fibres 533:538 arg1 specimens 595:603 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens 566:603 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens 566:603 We used advanced morphometric approaches to quantify and characterise blood vessels, reticulin fibre networks, collagen type I bundles, elastic fibres and glycosaminoglycans in 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens. 27415013 3 16 theme high-risk 570:578 arg1 specimens 595:603 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens 566:603 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens 566:603 We used advanced morphometric approaches to quantify and characterise blood vessels, reticulin fibre networks, collagen type I bundles, elastic fibres and glycosaminoglycans in 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens. 27415013 2 17 theme ultra-high-risk 330:344 arg1 patients 346:353 ultra-high-risk patients 330:353 ultra-high-risk patients 330:353 METHODS We aimed to define a subgroup of ultra-high-risk patients from within the high-risk cohort. 27415013 5 18 theme ultra-high-risk 787:801 arg1 subgroup 811:818 an ultra-high-risk patient subgroup 784:818 an ultra-high-risk patient subgroup with 5-year survival rate <15% 784:849 RESULTS The organisation of blood vessels and reticulin fibres in neuroblastic tumours defined an ultra-high-risk patient subgroup with 5-year survival rate <15%. 27415013 5 19 theme patient 803:809 arg1 subgroup 811:818 an ultra-high-risk patient subgroup 784:818 an ultra-high-risk patient subgroup with 5-year survival rate <15% 784:849 RESULTS The organisation of blood vessels and reticulin fibres in neuroblastic tumours defined an ultra-high-risk patient subgroup with 5-year survival rate <15%. 27415013 6 20 theme smaller 942:948 arg1 venules 963:969 smaller and tortuous venules 942:969 smaller and tortuous venules 942:969 Specifically, tumours with irregularly shaped blood vessels, large sinusoid-like vessels, smaller and tortuous venules and arterioles and with large areas of reticulin fibres forming large, crosslinking, branching and haphazardly arranged networks were linked to the ultra-high-risk phenotype. 27415013 5 21 theme rate 841:844 arg1 % 849:849 5-year survival rate <15% 825:849 5-year survival rate <15% 825:849 RESULTS The organisation of blood vessels and reticulin fibres in neuroblastic tumours defined an ultra-high-risk patient subgroup with 5-year survival rate <15%. 27415013 3 22 theme morphometric 406:417 arg1 approaches 419:428 advanced morphometric approaches 397:428 advanced morphometric approaches 397:428 We used advanced morphometric approaches to quantify and characterise blood vessels, reticulin fibre networks, collagen type I bundles, elastic fibres and glycosaminoglycans in 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens. 27415013 1 23 theme recent 205:210 arg1 years 212:216 recent years 205:216 recent years 205:216 BACKGROUND Although survival for neuroblastoma patients has dramatically improved in recent years, a substantial number of children in the high-risk subgroup still die. 27415013 0 24 theme matrix 14:19 arg1 composition 21:31 Extracellular matrix composition 0:31 Extracellular matrix composition 0:31 Extracellular matrix composition defines an ultra-high-risk group of neuroblastoma within the high-risk patient cohort. 27415013 7 25 dep CONCLUSIONS 1146:1156 arg1 demonstrate 1161:1171 demonstrate 1161:1171 demonstrate that quantification of tumour stroma components by morphometric techniques has the potential to improve risk stratification of neuroblastoma patients 1161:1321 CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that quantification of tumour stroma components by morphometric techniques has the potential to improve risk stratification of neuroblastoma patients. 27415013 5 26 theme vessels 723:729 arg1 organisation 701:712 The organisation 697:712 The organisation of blood vessels and reticulin fibres in neuroblastic tumours 697:774 RESULTS The organisation of blood vessels and reticulin fibres in neuroblastic tumours defined an ultra-high-risk patient subgroup with 5-year survival rate <15%. 27415013 5 27 theme neuroblastic 755:766 arg1 tumours 768:774 neuroblastic tumours 755:774 neuroblastic tumours 755:774 RESULTS The organisation of blood vessels and reticulin fibres in neuroblastic tumours defined an ultra-high-risk patient subgroup with 5-year survival rate <15%. 27415013 0 28 theme Extracellular 0:12 arg1 composition 21:31 Extracellular matrix composition 0:31 Extracellular matrix composition 0:31 Extracellular matrix composition defines an ultra-high-risk group of neuroblastoma within the high-risk patient cohort. 27415013 6 29 theme large 1035:1039 arg1 crosslinking 1042:1053 crosslinking 1042:1053 crosslinking 1042:1053 Specifically, tumours with irregularly shaped blood vessels, large sinusoid-like vessels, smaller and tortuous venules and arterioles and with large areas of reticulin fibres forming large, crosslinking, branching and haphazardly arranged networks were linked to the ultra-high-risk phenotype. 27415013 3 30 theme blood 459:463 arg1 vessels 465:471 blood vessels 459:471 blood vessels 459:471 We used advanced morphometric approaches to quantify and characterise blood vessels, reticulin fibre networks, collagen type I bundles, elastic fibres and glycosaminoglycans in 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens. 27415013 5 31 dep RESULTS 689:695 arg1 defined 776:782 defined 776:782 defined an ultra-high-risk patient subgroup with 5-year survival rate <15% 776:849 RESULTS The organisation of blood vessels and reticulin fibres in neuroblastic tumours defined an ultra-high-risk patient subgroup with 5-year survival rate <15%. 27415013 3 32 used used 392:395 arg2 We 389:390 We 389:390 We 389:390 We used advanced morphometric approaches to quantify and characterise blood vessels, reticulin fibre networks, collagen type I bundles, elastic fibres and glycosaminoglycans in 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens. 27415013 3 33 from bundles 516:522 arg1 specimens 595:603 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens 566:603 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens 566:603 We used advanced morphometric approaches to quantify and characterise blood vessels, reticulin fibre networks, collagen type I bundles, elastic fibres and glycosaminoglycans in 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens. 27415013 3 34 theme neuroblastomas 580:593 arg1 specimens 595:603 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens 566:603 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens 566:603 We used advanced morphometric approaches to quantify and characterise blood vessels, reticulin fibre networks, collagen type I bundles, elastic fibres and glycosaminoglycans in 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens. 27415013 6 35 with tumours 866:872 arg1 areas 1001:1005 large areas 995:1005 large areas of reticulin fibres forming large, crosslinking, branching and haphazardly arranged networks 995:1098 Specifically, tumours with irregularly shaped blood vessels, large sinusoid-like vessels, smaller and tortuous venules and arterioles and with large areas of reticulin fibres forming large, crosslinking, branching and haphazardly arranged networks were linked to the ultra-high-risk phenotype. 27415013 6 35 with tumours 866:872 arg1 vessels 904:910 irregularly shaped blood vessels 879:910 irregularly shaped blood vessels 879:910 Specifically, tumours with irregularly shaped blood vessels, large sinusoid-like vessels, smaller and tortuous venules and arterioles and with large areas of reticulin fibres forming large, crosslinking, branching and haphazardly arranged networks were linked to the ultra-high-risk phenotype. 27415013 6 36 theme fibres 1020:1025 arg1 areas 1001:1005 large areas 995:1005 large areas of reticulin fibres forming large, crosslinking, branching and haphazardly arranged networks 995:1098 Specifically, tumours with irregularly shaped blood vessels, large sinusoid-like vessels, smaller and tortuous venules and arterioles and with large areas of reticulin fibres forming large, crosslinking, branching and haphazardly arranged networks were linked to the ultra-high-risk phenotype. 27415013 1 37 theme substantial 221:231 arg1 number 233:238 a substantial number 219:238 a substantial number of children in the high-risk subgroup 219:276 BACKGROUND Although survival for neuroblastoma patients has dramatically improved in recent years, a substantial number of children in the high-risk subgroup still die. 27415013 0 38 theme ultra-high-risk 44:58 arg1 neuroblastoma 69:81 neuroblastoma 69:81 neuroblastoma 69:81 Extracellular matrix composition defines an ultra-high-risk group of neuroblastoma within the high-risk patient cohort. 27415013 0 38 theme ultra-high-risk 44:58 arg1 group 60:64 an ultra-high-risk group 41:64 an ultra-high-risk group of neuroblastoma within the high-risk patient cohort 41:117 Extracellular matrix composition defines an ultra-high-risk group of neuroblastoma within the high-risk patient cohort. 27415013 6 39 theme reticulin 1010:1018 arg1 fibres 1020:1025 reticulin fibres 1010:1025 reticulin fibres forming large, crosslinking, branching and haphazardly arranged networks 1010:1098 Specifically, tumours with irregularly shaped blood vessels, large sinusoid-like vessels, smaller and tortuous venules and arterioles and with large areas of reticulin fibres forming large, crosslinking, branching and haphazardly arranged networks were linked to the ultra-high-risk phenotype. 27415013 1 40 from subgroup 269:276 arg1 number 233:238 a substantial number 219:238 a substantial number of children in the high-risk subgroup 219:276 BACKGROUND Although survival for neuroblastoma patients has dramatically improved in recent years, a substantial number of children in the high-risk subgroup still die. 27415013 6 41 theme sinusoid-like 919:931 arg1 vessels 933:939 large sinusoid-like vessels 913:939 large sinusoid-like vessels 913:939 Specifically, tumours with irregularly shaped blood vessels, large sinusoid-like vessels, smaller and tortuous venules and arterioles and with large areas of reticulin fibres forming large, crosslinking, branching and haphazardly arranged networks were linked to the ultra-high-risk phenotype. 27415013 6 42 theme ultra-high-risk 1119:1133 arg1 phenotype 1135:1143 the ultra-high-risk phenotype 1115:1143 the ultra-high-risk phenotype 1115:1143 Specifically, tumours with irregularly shaped blood vessels, large sinusoid-like vessels, smaller and tortuous venules and arterioles and with large areas of reticulin fibres forming large, crosslinking, branching and haphazardly arranged networks were linked to the ultra-high-risk phenotype. 27415013 3 43 theme reticulin 474:482 arg1 networks 490:497 reticulin fibre networks 474:497 reticulin fibre networks 474:497 We used advanced morphometric approaches to quantify and characterise blood vessels, reticulin fibre networks, collagen type I bundles, elastic fibres and glycosaminoglycans in 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens. 27415013 5 44 from organisation 701:712 arg1 tumours 768:774 neuroblastic tumours 755:774 neuroblastic tumours 755:774 RESULTS The organisation of blood vessels and reticulin fibres in neuroblastic tumours defined an ultra-high-risk patient subgroup with 5-year survival rate <15%. 27415013 6 45 theme large 913:917 arg1 vessels 933:939 large sinusoid-like vessels 913:939 large sinusoid-like vessels 913:939 Specifically, tumours with irregularly shaped blood vessels, large sinusoid-like vessels, smaller and tortuous venules and arterioles and with large areas of reticulin fibres forming large, crosslinking, branching and haphazardly arranged networks were linked to the ultra-high-risk phenotype. 27415013 1 46 from number 233:238 arg1 subgroup 269:276 the high-risk subgroup 255:276 the high-risk subgroup 255:276 BACKGROUND Although survival for neuroblastoma patients has dramatically improved in recent years, a substantial number of children in the high-risk subgroup still die. 27415013 3 47 theme fibre 484:488 arg1 networks 490:497 reticulin fibre networks 474:497 reticulin fibre networks 474:497 We used advanced morphometric approaches to quantify and characterise blood vessels, reticulin fibre networks, collagen type I bundles, elastic fibres and glycosaminoglycans in 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens. 27415013 5 48 theme blood 717:721 arg1 vessels 723:729 blood vessels 717:729 blood vessels 717:729 RESULTS The organisation of blood vessels and reticulin fibres in neuroblastic tumours defined an ultra-high-risk patient subgroup with 5-year survival rate <15%. 27415013 7 49 theme neuroblastoma 1300:1312 arg1 patients 1314:1321 neuroblastoma patients 1300:1321 neuroblastoma patients 1300:1321 CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that quantification of tumour stroma components by morphometric techniques has the potential to improve risk stratification of neuroblastoma patients. 27415013 7 50 theme morphometric 1224:1235 arg1 techniques 1237:1246 morphometric techniques 1224:1246 morphometric techniques 1224:1246 CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that quantification of tumour stroma components by morphometric techniques has the potential to improve risk stratification of neuroblastoma patients. 27415013 6 51 theme large 995:999 arg1 areas 1001:1005 large areas 995:1005 large areas of reticulin fibres forming large, crosslinking, branching and haphazardly arranged networks 995:1098 Specifically, tumours with irregularly shaped blood vessels, large sinusoid-like vessels, smaller and tortuous venules and arterioles and with large areas of reticulin fibres forming large, crosslinking, branching and haphazardly arranged networks were linked to the ultra-high-risk phenotype. 27415013 4 52 used used 634:637 arg2 method 623:628 The Kaplan-Meier method 606:628 The Kaplan-Meier method 606:628 The Kaplan-Meier method was used to correlate the analysed elements with survival. 27415013 3 53 from networks 490:497 arg1 specimens 595:603 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens 566:603 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens 566:603 We used advanced morphometric approaches to quantify and characterise blood vessels, reticulin fibre networks, collagen type I bundles, elastic fibres and glycosaminoglycans in 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens. 27415013 2 54 dep define 309:314 arg1 from 355:358 from 355:358 from 355:358 METHODS We aimed to define a subgroup of ultra-high-risk patients from within the high-risk cohort. 27415013 1 55 from children 243:250 arg1 subgroup 269:276 the high-risk subgroup 255:276 the high-risk subgroup 255:276 BACKGROUND Although survival for neuroblastoma patients has dramatically improved in recent years, a substantial number of children in the high-risk subgroup still die. 27415013 6 56 theme blood 898:902 arg1 vessels 904:910 irregularly shaped blood vessels 879:910 irregularly shaped blood vessels 879:910 Specifically, tumours with irregularly shaped blood vessels, large sinusoid-like vessels, smaller and tortuous venules and arterioles and with large areas of reticulin fibres forming large, crosslinking, branching and haphazardly arranged networks were linked to the ultra-high-risk phenotype. 27415013 6 57 theme arranged 1082:1089 arg1 networks 1091:1098 haphazardly arranged networks 1070:1098 haphazardly arranged networks 1070:1098 Specifically, tumours with irregularly shaped blood vessels, large sinusoid-like vessels, smaller and tortuous venules and arterioles and with large areas of reticulin fibres forming large, crosslinking, branching and haphazardly arranged networks were linked to the ultra-high-risk phenotype. 27415013 2 58 theme patients 346:353 arg1 subgroup 318:325 a subgroup 316:325 a subgroup of ultra-high-risk patients 316:353 METHODS We aimed to define a subgroup of ultra-high-risk patients from within the high-risk cohort. 27415013 1 59 theme children 243:250 arg1 number 233:238 a substantial number 219:238 a substantial number of children in the high-risk subgroup 219:276 BACKGROUND Although survival for neuroblastoma patients has dramatically improved in recent years, a substantial number of children in the high-risk subgroup still die. 27415013 5 60 theme reticulin 735:743 arg1 fibres 745:750 reticulin fibres 735:750 reticulin fibres 735:750 RESULTS The organisation of blood vessels and reticulin fibres in neuroblastic tumours defined an ultra-high-risk patient subgroup with 5-year survival rate <15%. 27415013 6 61 theme shaped 891:896 arg1 vessels 904:910 irregularly shaped blood vessels 879:910 irregularly shaped blood vessels 879:910 Specifically, tumours with irregularly shaped blood vessels, large sinusoid-like vessels, smaller and tortuous venules and arterioles and with large areas of reticulin fibres forming large, crosslinking, branching and haphazardly arranged networks were linked to the ultra-high-risk phenotype. 27415013 1 62 theme neuroblastoma 153:165 arg1 patients 167:174 neuroblastoma patients 153:174 neuroblastoma patients 153:174 BACKGROUND Although survival for neuroblastoma patients has dramatically improved in recent years, a substantial number of children in the high-risk subgroup still die. 27415013 3 63 theme collagen 500:507 arg1 type 509:512 collagen type I 500:514 collagen type I bundles 500:522 We used advanced morphometric approaches to quantify and characterise blood vessels, reticulin fibre networks, collagen type I bundles, elastic fibres and glycosaminoglycans in 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens. 27415013 5 64 with subgroup 811:818 arg1 % 849:849 5-year survival rate <15% 825:849 5-year survival rate <15% 825:849 RESULTS The organisation of blood vessels and reticulin fibres in neuroblastic tumours defined an ultra-high-risk patient subgroup with 5-year survival rate <15%. 27415013 3 65 theme type 509:512 arg1 bundles 516:522 collagen type I bundles 500:522 collagen type I bundles 500:522 We used advanced morphometric approaches to quantify and characterise blood vessels, reticulin fibre networks, collagen type I bundles, elastic fibres and glycosaminoglycans in 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens. 27415013 4 66 theme analysed 656:663 arg1 elements 665:672 the analysed elements 652:672 the analysed elements 652:672 The Kaplan-Meier method was used to correlate the analysed elements with survival. 27415013 0 67 theme neuroblastoma 69:81 arg1 neuroblastoma 69:81 neuroblastoma 69:81 neuroblastoma 69:81 Extracellular matrix composition defines an ultra-high-risk group of neuroblastoma within the high-risk patient cohort. 27415013 0 67 theme neuroblastoma 69:81 arg1 group 60:64 an ultra-high-risk group 41:64 an ultra-high-risk group of neuroblastoma within the high-risk patient cohort 41:117 Extracellular matrix composition defines an ultra-high-risk group of neuroblastoma within the high-risk patient cohort. 27415013 7 68 theme risk 1277:1280 arg1 stratification 1282:1295 risk stratification 1277:1295 risk stratification of neuroblastoma patients 1277:1321 CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that quantification of tumour stroma components by morphometric techniques has the potential to improve risk stratification of neuroblastoma patients. 27415013 5 69 theme fibres 745:750 arg1 organisation 701:712 The organisation 697:712 The organisation of blood vessels and reticulin fibres in neuroblastic tumours 697:774 RESULTS The organisation of blood vessels and reticulin fibres in neuroblastic tumours defined an ultra-high-risk patient subgroup with 5-year survival rate <15%. 27415013 3 70 from vessels 465:471 arg1 specimens 595:603 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens 566:603 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens 566:603 We used advanced morphometric approaches to quantify and characterise blood vessels, reticulin fibre networks, collagen type I bundles, elastic fibres and glycosaminoglycans in 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens. 27415013 2 71 dep METHODS 289:295 arg1 aimed 300:304 aimed 300:304 aimed to define a subgroup of ultra-high-risk patients from within the high-risk cohort 300:386 METHODS We aimed to define a subgroup of ultra-high-risk patients from within the high-risk cohort. 27415013 3 72 from glycosaminoglycans 544:561 arg1 specimens 595:603 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens 566:603 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens 566:603 We used advanced morphometric approaches to quantify and characterise blood vessels, reticulin fibre networks, collagen type I bundles, elastic fibres and glycosaminoglycans in 102 high-risk neuroblastomas specimens. 27415013 1 73 theme high-risk 259:267 arg1 subgroup 269:276 the high-risk subgroup 255:276 the high-risk subgroup 255:276 BACKGROUND Although survival for neuroblastoma patients has dramatically improved in recent years, a substantial number of children in the high-risk subgroup still die. 27050089 8 0 theme neutrophils 1097:1107 arg1 infiltration 1081:1092 the infiltration 1077:1092 the infiltration of neutrophils induced by AOM/DSS 1077:1126 Vancomycin treatment suppressed the infiltration of neutrophils induced by AOM/DSS. 27050089 1 1 theme colon 198:202 arg1 CAC 212:214 CAC 212:214 CAC 212:214 Inflammatory bowel disease confers an increased risk of developing colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC). 27050089 1 1 theme colon 198:202 arg1 cancer 204:209 colitis-associated colon cancer 179:209 colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) 179:215 Inflammatory bowel disease confers an increased risk of developing colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC). 27050089 7 2 theme Gr-1 904:907 arg1 neutrophils 927:937 Gr-1(high)/CD11b(high) neutrophils 904:937 Gr-1(high)/CD11b(high) neutrophils 904:937 In addition, AOM/DSS treatment greatly induced the infiltration of Gr-1(high)/CD11b(high) neutrophils to the colon, which led to the production of tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase. 27050089 3 3 theme bacterial 353:361 arg1 composition 363:373 the bacterial composition 349:373 the bacterial composition 349:373 However, whether alteration of the bacterial composition in the gut causes CAC is still unclear. 27050089 4 4 theme dextran 517:523 arg1 sulfate 532:538 dextran sodium sulfate 517:538 dextran sodium sulfate 517:538 To clarify the effect of commensal bacteria on CAC development, we employed an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine CAC model treated with or without antibiotics. 27050089 10 5 theme tumor 1413:1417 arg1 formation 1419:1427 tumor formation 1413:1427 tumor formation 1413:1427 Our results indicate that vancomycin-sensitive bacteria induced colon inflammation and DNA damage by attracting neutrophils into damaged colon tissue, thus promoting tumor formation. 27050089 6 6 theme vancomycin 773:782 arg1 treatment 784:792 vancomycin treatment 773:792 vancomycin treatment 773:792 We found that vancomycin treatment dramatically suppressed tumor development. 27050089 6 7 theme tumor 818:822 arg1 development 824:834 tumor development 818:834 tumor development 818:834 We found that vancomycin treatment dramatically suppressed tumor development. 27050089 4 8 from effect 430:435 arg1 development 466:476 CAC development 462:476 CAC development 462:476 To clarify the effect of commensal bacteria on CAC development, we employed an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine CAC model treated with or without antibiotics. 27050089 5 9 theme antibiotics 648:658 arg1 effects 637:643 the effects 633:643 the effects of antibiotics on infiltration of myeloid cells, colonic inflammatory responses, and colorectal cancer formation 633:756 In addition, we analyzed the effects of antibiotics on infiltration of myeloid cells, colonic inflammatory responses, and colorectal cancer formation. 27050089 9 10 theme colon 1180:1184 arg1 injury 1186:1191 colon injury 1180:1191 colon injury 1180:1191 Moreover, vancomycin treatment greatly reduced the colon injury and DNA damage caused by AOM/DSS-induced NO radicals. 27050089 5 11 theme colorectal 730:739 arg1 formation 748:756 colorectal cancer formation 730:756 colorectal cancer formation 730:756 In addition, we analyzed the effects of antibiotics on infiltration of myeloid cells, colonic inflammatory responses, and colorectal cancer formation. 27050089 4 12 dep -induced 545:552 arg1 azoxymethane 494:505 azoxymethane 494:505 azoxymethane (AOM) 494:511 To clarify the effect of commensal bacteria on CAC development, we employed an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine CAC model treated with or without antibiotics. 27050089 4 12 dep -induced 545:552 arg1 sulfate 532:538 dextran sodium sulfate 517:538 dextran sodium sulfate 517:538 To clarify the effect of commensal bacteria on CAC development, we employed an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine CAC model treated with or without antibiotics. 27050089 4 12 dep -induced 545:552 arg1 AOM 508:510 AOM 508:510 AOM 508:510 To clarify the effect of commensal bacteria on CAC development, we employed an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine CAC model treated with or without antibiotics. 27050089 9 13 theme DNA 1197:1199 arg1 damage 1201:1206 DNA damage 1197:1206 DNA damage 1197:1206 Moreover, vancomycin treatment greatly reduced the colon injury and DNA damage caused by AOM/DSS-induced NO radicals. 27050089 2 14 theme dynamic 295:301 arg1 translocation 303:315 dynamic translocation 295:315 dynamic translocation 295:315 During the active colitis or developing tumor stage, commensal bacteria show dynamic translocation. 27050089 7 15 theme AOM/DSS 850:856 arg1 treatment 858:866 AOM/DSS treatment 850:866 AOM/DSS treatment 850:866 In addition, AOM/DSS treatment greatly induced the infiltration of Gr-1(high)/CD11b(high) neutrophils to the colon, which led to the production of tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase. 27050089 4 16 dep employed 482:489 arg1 treated 571:577 treated 571:577 treated with or without antibiotics 571:605 To clarify the effect of commensal bacteria on CAC development, we employed an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine CAC model treated with or without antibiotics. 27050089 5 17 theme cancer 741:746 arg1 formation 748:756 colorectal cancer formation 730:756 colorectal cancer formation 730:756 In addition, we analyzed the effects of antibiotics on infiltration of myeloid cells, colonic inflammatory responses, and colorectal cancer formation. 27050089 1 18 theme Inflammatory 112:123 arg1 disease 131:137 Inflammatory bowel disease 112:137 Inflammatory bowel disease 112:137 Inflammatory bowel disease confers an increased risk of developing colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC). 27050089 7 19 theme inducible 1012:1020 arg1 synthase 1035:1042 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1012:1042 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1012:1042 In addition, AOM/DSS treatment greatly induced the infiltration of Gr-1(high)/CD11b(high) neutrophils to the colon, which led to the production of tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase. 27050089 0 20 theme Vancomycin-sensitive 0:19 arg1 bacteria 21:28 Vancomycin-sensitive bacteria 0:28 Vancomycin-sensitive bacteria 0:28 Vancomycin-sensitive bacteria trigger development of colitis-associated colon cancer by attracting neutrophils. 27050089 4 21 theme -induced 545:552 arg1 model 565:569 an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine CAC model 491:569 an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine CAC model 491:569 To clarify the effect of commensal bacteria on CAC development, we employed an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine CAC model treated with or without antibiotics. 27050089 1 22 theme bowel 125:129 arg1 disease 131:137 Inflammatory bowel disease 112:137 Inflammatory bowel disease 112:137 Inflammatory bowel disease confers an increased risk of developing colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC). 27050089 10 23 theme DNA 1334:1336 arg1 damage 1338:1343 DNA damage 1334:1343 DNA damage 1334:1343 Our results indicate that vancomycin-sensitive bacteria induced colon inflammation and DNA damage by attracting neutrophils into damaged colon tissue, thus promoting tumor formation. 27050089 9 24 theme AOM/DSS-induced 1218:1232 arg1 radicals 1237:1244 AOM/DSS-induced NO radicals 1218:1244 AOM/DSS-induced NO radicals 1218:1244 Moreover, vancomycin treatment greatly reduced the colon injury and DNA damage caused by AOM/DSS-induced NO radicals. 27050089 5 25 theme cells 687:691 arg1 formation 748:756 colorectal cancer formation 730:756 colorectal cancer formation 730:756 In addition, we analyzed the effects of antibiotics on infiltration of myeloid cells, colonic inflammatory responses, and colorectal cancer formation. 27050089 5 25 theme cells 687:691 arg1 responses 715:723 colonic inflammatory responses 694:723 colonic inflammatory responses 694:723 In addition, we analyzed the effects of antibiotics on infiltration of myeloid cells, colonic inflammatory responses, and colorectal cancer formation. 27050089 5 25 theme cells 687:691 arg1 infiltration 663:674 infiltration 663:674 infiltration of myeloid cells 663:691 In addition, we analyzed the effects of antibiotics on infiltration of myeloid cells, colonic inflammatory responses, and colorectal cancer formation. 27050089 7 26 theme high 921:924 arg1 neutrophils 927:937 Gr-1(high)/CD11b(high) neutrophils 904:937 Gr-1(high)/CD11b(high) neutrophils 904:937 In addition, AOM/DSS treatment greatly induced the infiltration of Gr-1(high)/CD11b(high) neutrophils to the colon, which led to the production of tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase. 27050089 10 27 theme colon 1384:1388 arg1 tissue 1390:1395 damaged colon tissue 1376:1395 damaged colon tissue 1376:1395 Our results indicate that vancomycin-sensitive bacteria induced colon inflammation and DNA damage by attracting neutrophils into damaged colon tissue, thus promoting tumor formation. 27050089 4 28 theme CAC 561:563 arg1 model 565:569 an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine CAC model 491:569 an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine CAC model 491:569 To clarify the effect of commensal bacteria on CAC development, we employed an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine CAC model treated with or without antibiotics. 27050089 8 29 theme Vancomycin 1045:1054 arg1 treatment 1056:1064 Vancomycin treatment 1045:1064 Vancomycin treatment 1045:1064 Vancomycin treatment suppressed the infiltration of neutrophils induced by AOM/DSS. 27050089 0 30 theme colitis-associated 53:70 arg1 cancer 78:83 colitis-associated colon cancer 53:83 colitis-associated colon cancer 53:83 Vancomycin-sensitive bacteria trigger development of colitis-associated colon cancer by attracting neutrophils. 27050089 4 31 theme murine 554:559 arg1 model 565:569 an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine CAC model 491:569 an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine CAC model 491:569 To clarify the effect of commensal bacteria on CAC development, we employed an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine CAC model treated with or without antibiotics. 27050089 5 32 theme colonic 694:700 arg1 responses 715:723 colonic inflammatory responses 694:723 colonic inflammatory responses 694:723 In addition, we analyzed the effects of antibiotics on infiltration of myeloid cells, colonic inflammatory responses, and colorectal cancer formation. 27050089 4 33 theme CAC 462:464 arg1 development 466:476 CAC development 462:476 CAC development 462:476 To clarify the effect of commensal bacteria on CAC development, we employed an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine CAC model treated with or without antibiotics. 27050089 10 34 theme colon 1311:1315 arg1 inflammation 1317:1328 colon inflammation 1311:1328 colon inflammation 1311:1328 Our results indicate that vancomycin-sensitive bacteria induced colon inflammation and DNA damage by attracting neutrophils into damaged colon tissue, thus promoting tumor formation. 27050089 5 35 theme inflammatory 702:713 arg1 responses 715:723 colonic inflammatory responses 694:723 colonic inflammatory responses 694:723 In addition, we analyzed the effects of antibiotics on infiltration of myeloid cells, colonic inflammatory responses, and colorectal cancer formation. 27050089 9 36 theme NO 1234:1235 arg1 radicals 1237:1244 AOM/DSS-induced NO radicals 1218:1244 AOM/DSS-induced NO radicals 1218:1244 Moreover, vancomycin treatment greatly reduced the colon injury and DNA damage caused by AOM/DSS-induced NO radicals. 27050089 2 37 theme tumor 258:262 arg1 stage 264:268 the active colitis or developing tumor stage 225:268 stage 264:268 During the active colitis or developing tumor stage, commensal bacteria show dynamic translocation. 27050089 7 38 theme tumor 984:988 arg1 factor 999:1004 tumor necrosis factor α 984:1006 tumor necrosis factor α 984:1006 In addition, AOM/DSS treatment greatly induced the infiltration of Gr-1(high)/CD11b(high) neutrophils to the colon, which led to the production of tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase. 27050089 0 39 theme cancer 78:83 arg1 development 38:48 development 38:48 development of colitis-associated colon cancer 38:83 Vancomycin-sensitive bacteria trigger development of colitis-associated colon cancer by attracting neutrophils. 27050089 4 40 theme sodium 525:530 arg1 sulfate 532:538 dextran sodium sulfate 517:538 dextran sodium sulfate 517:538 To clarify the effect of commensal bacteria on CAC development, we employed an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine CAC model treated with or without antibiotics. 27050089 2 41 theme developing 247:256 arg1 stage 264:268 the active colitis or developing tumor stage 225:268 stage 264:268 During the active colitis or developing tumor stage, commensal bacteria show dynamic translocation. 27050089 7 42 theme necrosis 990:997 arg1 factor 999:1004 tumor necrosis factor α 984:1006 tumor necrosis factor α 984:1006 In addition, AOM/DSS treatment greatly induced the infiltration of Gr-1(high)/CD11b(high) neutrophils to the colon, which led to the production of tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase. 27050089 7 43 theme oxide 1029:1033 arg1 synthase 1035:1042 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1012:1042 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1012:1042 In addition, AOM/DSS treatment greatly induced the infiltration of Gr-1(high)/CD11b(high) neutrophils to the colon, which led to the production of tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase. 27050089 0 44 theme colon 72:76 arg1 cancer 78:83 colitis-associated colon cancer 53:83 colitis-associated colon cancer 53:83 Vancomycin-sensitive bacteria trigger development of colitis-associated colon cancer by attracting neutrophils. 27050089 7 45 theme synthase 1035:1042 arg1 production 970:979 the production 966:979 the production of tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase 966:1042 In addition, AOM/DSS treatment greatly induced the infiltration of Gr-1(high)/CD11b(high) neutrophils to the colon, which led to the production of tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase. 27050089 4 46 theme commensal 440:448 arg1 bacteria 450:457 commensal bacteria 440:457 commensal bacteria 440:457 To clarify the effect of commensal bacteria on CAC development, we employed an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine CAC model treated with or without antibiotics. 27050089 1 47 theme increased 150:158 arg1 risk 160:163 an increased risk 147:163 an increased risk of developing colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) 147:215 Inflammatory bowel disease confers an increased risk of developing colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC). 27050089 9 48 dep injury 1186:1191 arg1 the 1176:1178 the 1176:1178 the 1176:1178 Moreover, vancomycin treatment greatly reduced the colon injury and DNA damage caused by AOM/DSS-induced NO radicals. 27050089 5 49 from effects 637:643 arg1 formation 748:756 colorectal cancer formation 730:756 colorectal cancer formation 730:756 In addition, we analyzed the effects of antibiotics on infiltration of myeloid cells, colonic inflammatory responses, and colorectal cancer formation. 27050089 5 49 from effects 637:643 arg1 responses 715:723 colonic inflammatory responses 694:723 colonic inflammatory responses 694:723 In addition, we analyzed the effects of antibiotics on infiltration of myeloid cells, colonic inflammatory responses, and colorectal cancer formation. 27050089 5 49 from effects 637:643 arg1 infiltration 663:674 infiltration 663:674 infiltration of myeloid cells 663:691 In addition, we analyzed the effects of antibiotics on infiltration of myeloid cells, colonic inflammatory responses, and colorectal cancer formation. 27050089 7 50 theme factor 999:1004 arg1 production 970:979 the production 966:979 the production of tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase 966:1042 In addition, AOM/DSS treatment greatly induced the infiltration of Gr-1(high)/CD11b(high) neutrophils to the colon, which led to the production of tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase. 27050089 2 51 theme active 229:234 arg1 colitis 236:242 the active colitis or developing tumor stage 225:268 colitis 236:242 During the active colitis or developing tumor stage, commensal bacteria show dynamic translocation. 27050089 7 52 theme /CD11b 914:919 arg1 neutrophils 927:937 Gr-1(high)/CD11b(high) neutrophils 904:937 Gr-1(high)/CD11b(high) neutrophils 904:937 In addition, AOM/DSS treatment greatly induced the infiltration of Gr-1(high)/CD11b(high) neutrophils to the colon, which led to the production of tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase. 27050089 5 53 theme myeloid 679:685 arg1 cells 687:691 myeloid cells 679:691 myeloid cells 679:691 In addition, we analyzed the effects of antibiotics on infiltration of myeloid cells, colonic inflammatory responses, and colorectal cancer formation. 27050089 10 54 theme vancomycin-sensitive 1273:1292 arg1 bacteria 1294:1301 vancomycin-sensitive bacteria 1273:1301 vancomycin-sensitive bacteria 1273:1301 Our results indicate that vancomycin-sensitive bacteria induced colon inflammation and DNA damage by attracting neutrophils into damaged colon tissue, thus promoting tumor formation. 27050089 3 55 theme composition 363:373 arg1 alteration 335:344 alteration 335:344 alteration of the bacterial composition in the gut 335:384 However, whether alteration of the bacterial composition in the gut causes CAC is still unclear. 27050089 4 56 theme bacteria 450:457 arg1 effect 430:435 the effect 426:435 the effect of commensal bacteria on CAC development 426:476 To clarify the effect of commensal bacteria on CAC development, we employed an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine CAC model treated with or without antibiotics. 27050089 2 57 theme commensal 271:279 arg1 bacteria 281:288 commensal bacteria 271:288 commensal bacteria 271:288 During the active colitis or developing tumor stage, commensal bacteria show dynamic translocation. 27050089 9 58 theme vancomycin 1139:1148 arg1 treatment 1150:1158 vancomycin treatment 1139:1158 vancomycin treatment 1139:1158 Moreover, vancomycin treatment greatly reduced the colon injury and DNA damage caused by AOM/DSS-induced NO radicals. 27050089 7 59 theme high 909:912 arg1 neutrophils 927:937 Gr-1(high)/CD11b(high) neutrophils 904:937 Gr-1(high)/CD11b(high) neutrophils 904:937 In addition, AOM/DSS treatment greatly induced the infiltration of Gr-1(high)/CD11b(high) neutrophils to the colon, which led to the production of tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase. 27050089 3 60 from alteration 335:344 arg1 gut 382:384 the gut 378:384 the gut 378:384 However, whether alteration of the bacterial composition in the gut causes CAC is still unclear. 27050089 7 61 theme neutrophils 927:937 arg1 infiltration 888:899 the infiltration 884:899 the infiltration of Gr-1(high)/CD11b(high) neutrophils to the colon, which led to the production of tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase 884:1042 In addition, AOM/DSS treatment greatly induced the infiltration of Gr-1(high)/CD11b(high) neutrophils to the colon, which led to the production of tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase. 27050089 7 62 theme nitric 1022:1027 arg1 synthase 1035:1042 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1012:1042 inducible nitric oxide synthase 1012:1042 In addition, AOM/DSS treatment greatly induced the infiltration of Gr-1(high)/CD11b(high) neutrophils to the colon, which led to the production of tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase. 27050089 10 63 theme damaged 1376:1382 arg1 tissue 1390:1395 damaged colon tissue 1376:1395 damaged colon tissue 1376:1395 Our results indicate that vancomycin-sensitive bacteria induced colon inflammation and DNA damage by attracting neutrophils into damaged colon tissue, thus promoting tumor formation. 27050089 1 64 theme colitis-associated 179:196 arg1 CAC 212:214 CAC 212:214 CAC 212:214 Inflammatory bowel disease confers an increased risk of developing colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC). 27050089 1 64 theme colitis-associated 179:196 arg1 cancer 204:209 colitis-associated colon cancer 179:209 colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) 179:215 Inflammatory bowel disease confers an increased risk of developing colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC). 25557665 8 0 theme transmembrane 987:999 arg1 complex 1020:1026 the transmembrane cargo receptor p24 complex 983:1026 the transmembrane cargo receptor p24 complex 983:1026 First, the transmembrane cargo receptor p24 complex binds GPI-APs as a lectin by recognizing the remodeled GPI-glycan. 25557665 9 1 theme p24 1134:1136 arg1 complex 1138:1144 the p24 complex 1130:1144 the p24 complex to recruit the COPII subtype Lst1p, specifically required for GPI-AP ER export 1130:1223 Binding of remodeled cargo induces the p24 complex to recruit the COPII subtype Lst1p, specifically required for GPI-AP ER export. 25557665 3 2 theme COPII 436:440 arg1 system 442:447 a specialized COPII system 422:447 a specialized COPII system that is actively recruited by luminal cargo maturation 422:502 RESULTS Here, we report a specialized COPII system that is actively recruited by luminal cargo maturation. 25557665 5 3 theme GPI 713:715 arg1 anchor 717:722 the GPI anchor 709:722 the GPI anchor 709:722 After protein attachment in the ER lumen, lipid and glycan parts of the GPI anchor are remodeled. 25557665 6 4 theme GPI-lipid 749:757 arg1 remodeling 759:768 GPI-lipid remodeling 749:768 GPI-lipid remodeling 749:768 In yeast, GPI-lipid remodeling concentrates GPI-APs into specific ERESs. 25557665 1 5 theme COPII 142:146 arg1 coat 148:151 the COPII coat 138:151 the COPII coat 138:151 BACKGROUND Export from the ER is an essential process driven by the COPII coat, which forms vesicles at ER exit sites (ERESs) to transport mature secretory proteins to the Golgi. 25557665 10 6 dep CONCLUSIONS 1226:1236 arg1 show 1250:1253 show 1250:1253 show that COPII coat recruitment by cargo receptors is not constitutive but instead is actively regulated by binding of mature ligands 1250:1383 CONCLUSIONS Our results show that COPII coat recruitment by cargo receptors is not constitutive but instead is actively regulated by binding of mature ligands. 25557665 9 7 theme subtype 1167:1173 arg1 Lst1p 1175:1179 the COPII subtype Lst1p 1157:1179 the COPII subtype Lst1p 1157:1179 Binding of remodeled cargo induces the p24 complex to recruit the COPII subtype Lst1p, specifically required for GPI-AP ER export. 25557665 8 8 theme receptor 1007:1014 arg1 complex 1020:1026 the transmembrane cargo receptor p24 complex 983:1026 the transmembrane cargo receptor p24 complex 983:1026 First, the transmembrane cargo receptor p24 complex binds GPI-APs as a lectin by recognizing the remodeled GPI-glycan. 25557665 7 9 theme vesicle 931:937 arg1 formation 939:947 vesicle formation 931:947 vesicle formation 931:947 We found that GPI-glycan remodeling induces subsequent recruitment of the specialized ER export machinery that enables vesicle formation from these specific ERESs. 25557665 11 10 theme COPII 1468:1472 arg1 budding 1482:1488 COPII vesicle budding 1468:1488 COPII vesicle budding 1468:1488 Therefore, we reveal a novel functional link between luminal cargo maturation and COPII vesicle budding, providing a mechanism to adjust specialized COPII vesicle production to the amount and quality of their luminal cargos that are ready for ER exit. 25557665 1 11 theme mature 213:218 arg1 proteins 230:237 mature secretory proteins 213:237 mature secretory proteins 213:237 BACKGROUND Export from the ER is an essential process driven by the COPII coat, which forms vesicles at ER exit sites (ERESs) to transport mature secretory proteins to the Golgi. 25557665 5 12 theme lipid 683:687 arg1 parts 700:704 lipid and glycan parts 683:704 parts 700:704 After protein attachment in the ER lumen, lipid and glycan parts of the GPI anchor are remodeled. 25557665 8 13 theme cargo 1001:1005 arg1 complex 1020:1026 the transmembrane cargo receptor p24 complex 983:1026 the transmembrane cargo receptor p24 complex 983:1026 First, the transmembrane cargo receptor p24 complex binds GPI-APs as a lectin by recognizing the remodeled GPI-glycan. 25557665 7 14 theme machinery 908:916 arg1 recruitment 867:877 subsequent recruitment 856:877 subsequent recruitment of the specialized ER export machinery that enables vesicle formation from these specific ERESs 856:973 We found that GPI-glycan remodeling induces subsequent recruitment of the specialized ER export machinery that enables vesicle formation from these specific ERESs. 25557665 3 15 theme luminal 479:485 arg1 maturation 493:502 luminal cargo maturation 479:502 luminal cargo maturation 479:502 RESULTS Here, we report a specialized COPII system that is actively recruited by luminal cargo maturation. 25557665 11 16 theme specialized 1523:1533 arg1 production 1549:1558 specialized COPII vesicle production 1523:1558 specialized COPII vesicle production 1523:1558 Therefore, we reveal a novel functional link between luminal cargo maturation and COPII vesicle budding, providing a mechanism to adjust specialized COPII vesicle production to the amount and quality of their luminal cargos that are ready for ER exit. 25557665 1 17 theme secretory 220:228 arg1 proteins 230:237 mature secretory proteins 213:237 mature secretory proteins 213:237 BACKGROUND Export from the ER is an essential process driven by the COPII coat, which forms vesicles at ER exit sites (ERESs) to transport mature secretory proteins to the Golgi. 25557665 10 18 theme ligands 1377:1383 arg1 binding 1359:1365 binding 1359:1365 binding of mature ligands 1359:1383 CONCLUSIONS Our results show that COPII coat recruitment by cargo receptors is not constitutive but instead is actively regulated by binding of mature ligands. 25557665 5 19 theme glycan 693:698 arg1 parts 700:704 lipid and glycan parts 683:704 parts 700:704 After protein attachment in the ER lumen, lipid and glycan parts of the GPI anchor are remodeled. 25557665 8 20 theme p24 1016:1018 arg1 complex 1020:1026 the transmembrane cargo receptor p24 complex 983:1026 the transmembrane cargo receptor p24 complex 983:1026 First, the transmembrane cargo receptor p24 complex binds GPI-APs as a lectin by recognizing the remodeled GPI-glycan. 25557665 7 21 theme ER 898:899 arg1 machinery 908:916 the specialized ER export machinery 882:916 the specialized ER export machinery that enables vesicle formation from these specific ERESs 882:973 We found that GPI-glycan remodeling induces subsequent recruitment of the specialized ER export machinery that enables vesicle formation from these specific ERESs. 25557665 1 22 theme BACKGROUND 74:83 arg1 process 120:126 an essential process 107:126 an essential process driven by the COPII coat, which forms vesicles at ER exit sites (ERESs) to transport mature secretory proteins to the Golgi 107:250 BACKGROUND Export from the ER is an essential process driven by the COPII coat, which forms vesicles at ER exit sites (ERESs) to transport mature secretory proteins to the Golgi. 25557665 1 22 theme BACKGROUND 74:83 arg1 Export 85:90 BACKGROUND Export 74:90 BACKGROUND Export from the ER 74:102 BACKGROUND Export from the ER is an essential process driven by the COPII coat, which forms vesicles at ER exit sites (ERESs) to transport mature secretory proteins to the Golgi. 25557665 0 23 theme coat 6:9 arg1 composition 11:21 COPII coat composition 0:21 COPII coat composition 0:21 COPII coat composition is actively regulated by luminal cargo maturation. 25557665 7 24 theme export 901:906 arg1 machinery 908:916 the specialized ER export machinery 882:916 the specialized ER export machinery that enables vesicle formation from these specific ERESs 882:973 We found that GPI-glycan remodeling induces subsequent recruitment of the specialized ER export machinery that enables vesicle formation from these specific ERESs. 25557665 2 25 theme basic 266:270 arg1 mechanism 272:280 the basic mechanism 262:280 the basic mechanism of COPII assembly 262:298 Although the basic mechanism of COPII assembly is known, how COPII machinery is regulated to meet varying cellular secretory demands is unclear. 25557665 11 26 theme ER 1629:1630 arg1 exit 1632:1635 ER exit 1629:1635 ER exit 1629:1635 Therefore, we reveal a novel functional link between luminal cargo maturation and COPII vesicle budding, providing a mechanism to adjust specialized COPII vesicle production to the amount and quality of their luminal cargos that are ready for ER exit. 25557665 11 27 theme luminal 1439:1445 arg1 maturation 1453:1462 luminal cargo maturation 1439:1462 luminal cargo maturation 1439:1462 Therefore, we reveal a novel functional link between luminal cargo maturation and COPII vesicle budding, providing a mechanism to adjust specialized COPII vesicle production to the amount and quality of their luminal cargos that are ready for ER exit. 25557665 0 28 theme COPII 0:4 arg1 composition 11:21 COPII coat composition 0:21 COPII coat composition 0:21 COPII coat composition is actively regulated by luminal cargo maturation. 25557665 11 29 theme novel 1409:1413 arg1 link 1426:1429 a novel functional link 1407:1429 a novel functional link between luminal cargo maturation and COPII vesicle budding 1407:1488 Therefore, we reveal a novel functional link between luminal cargo maturation and COPII vesicle budding, providing a mechanism to adjust specialized COPII vesicle production to the amount and quality of their luminal cargos that are ready for ER exit. 25557665 10 30 theme mature 1370:1375 arg1 ligands 1377:1383 mature ligands 1370:1383 mature ligands 1370:1383 CONCLUSIONS Our results show that COPII coat recruitment by cargo receptors is not constitutive but instead is actively regulated by binding of mature ligands. 25557665 11 31 theme COPII 1535:1539 arg1 production 1549:1558 specialized COPII vesicle production 1523:1558 specialized COPII vesicle production 1523:1558 Therefore, we reveal a novel functional link between luminal cargo maturation and COPII vesicle budding, providing a mechanism to adjust specialized COPII vesicle production to the amount and quality of their luminal cargos that are ready for ER exit. 25557665 11 32 theme functional 1415:1424 arg1 link 1426:1429 a novel functional link 1407:1429 a novel functional link between luminal cargo maturation and COPII vesicle budding 1407:1488 Therefore, we reveal a novel functional link between luminal cargo maturation and COPII vesicle budding, providing a mechanism to adjust specialized COPII vesicle production to the amount and quality of their luminal cargos that are ready for ER exit. 25557665 2 33 theme COPII 314:318 arg1 machinery 320:328 COPII machinery 314:328 COPII machinery 314:328 Although the basic mechanism of COPII assembly is known, how COPII machinery is regulated to meet varying cellular secretory demands is unclear. 25557665 7 34 theme specialized 886:896 arg1 machinery 908:916 the specialized ER export machinery 882:916 the specialized ER export machinery that enables vesicle formation from these specific ERESs 882:973 We found that GPI-glycan remodeling induces subsequent recruitment of the specialized ER export machinery that enables vesicle formation from these specific ERESs. 25557665 3 35 theme cargo 487:491 arg1 maturation 493:502 luminal cargo maturation 479:502 luminal cargo maturation 479:502 RESULTS Here, we report a specialized COPII system that is actively recruited by luminal cargo maturation. 25557665 2 36 theme cellular 359:366 arg1 demands 378:384 varying cellular secretory demands 351:384 varying cellular secretory demands 351:384 Although the basic mechanism of COPII assembly is known, how COPII machinery is regulated to meet varying cellular secretory demands is unclear. 25557665 2 37 theme secretory 368:376 arg1 demands 378:384 varying cellular secretory demands 351:384 varying cellular secretory demands 351:384 Although the basic mechanism of COPII assembly is known, how COPII machinery is regulated to meet varying cellular secretory demands is unclear. 25557665 4 38 theme Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored 505:541 arg1 GPI-APs 553:559 GPI-APs 553:559 GPI-APs 553:559 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are luminal secretory proteins anchored to the membrane by the glycolipid GPI. 25557665 4 38 theme Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored 505:541 arg1 proteins 543:550 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins 505:550 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) 505:560 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are luminal secretory proteins anchored to the membrane by the glycolipid GPI. 25557665 4 38 theme Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored 505:541 arg1 proteins 584:591 luminal secretory proteins 566:591 luminal secretory proteins anchored to the membrane by the glycolipid GPI 566:638 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are luminal secretory proteins anchored to the membrane by the glycolipid GPI. 25557665 9 39 theme GPI-AP 1208:1213 arg1 export 1218:1223 GPI-AP ER export 1208:1223 GPI-AP ER export 1208:1223 Binding of remodeled cargo induces the p24 complex to recruit the COPII subtype Lst1p, specifically required for GPI-AP ER export. 25557665 10 40 theme COPII 1260:1264 arg1 recruitment 1271:1281 COPII coat recruitment 1260:1281 COPII coat recruitment by cargo receptors 1260:1300 CONCLUSIONS Our results show that COPII coat recruitment by cargo receptors is not constitutive but instead is actively regulated by binding of mature ligands. 25557665 10 41 theme coat 1266:1269 arg1 recruitment 1271:1281 COPII coat recruitment 1260:1281 COPII coat recruitment by cargo receptors 1260:1300 CONCLUSIONS Our results show that COPII coat recruitment by cargo receptors is not constitutive but instead is actively regulated by binding of mature ligands. 25557665 2 42 theme varying 351:357 arg1 demands 378:384 varying cellular secretory demands 351:384 varying cellular secretory demands 351:384 Although the basic mechanism of COPII assembly is known, how COPII machinery is regulated to meet varying cellular secretory demands is unclear. 25557665 5 43 theme anchor 717:722 arg1 parts 700:704 lipid and glycan parts 683:704 parts 700:704 After protein attachment in the ER lumen, lipid and glycan parts of the GPI anchor are remodeled. 25557665 3 44 theme specialized 424:434 arg1 system 442:447 a specialized COPII system 422:447 a specialized COPII system that is actively recruited by luminal cargo maturation 422:502 RESULTS Here, we report a specialized COPII system that is actively recruited by luminal cargo maturation. 25557665 5 45 theme ER 673:674 arg1 lumen 676:680 the ER lumen 669:680 the ER lumen 669:680 After protein attachment in the ER lumen, lipid and glycan parts of the GPI anchor are remodeled. 25557665 12 46 dep different 1701:1709 arg1 needs 1711:1715 needs 1711:1715 needs 1711:1715 This helps to understand how the ER export machinery adapts to different needs for luminal cargo secretion. 25557665 4 47 theme glycolipid 625:634 arg1 GPI 636:638 the glycolipid GPI 621:638 the glycolipid GPI 621:638 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are luminal secretory proteins anchored to the membrane by the glycolipid GPI. 25557665 1 48 theme ER 178:179 arg1 ERESs 193:197 ERESs 193:197 ERESs 193:197 BACKGROUND Export from the ER is an essential process driven by the COPII coat, which forms vesicles at ER exit sites (ERESs) to transport mature secretory proteins to the Golgi. 25557665 1 48 theme ER 178:179 arg1 sites 186:190 ER exit sites 178:190 ER exit sites (ERESs) 178:198 BACKGROUND Export from the ER is an essential process driven by the COPII coat, which forms vesicles at ER exit sites (ERESs) to transport mature secretory proteins to the Golgi. 25557665 11 49 theme luminal 1595:1601 arg1 cargos 1603:1608 their luminal cargos 1589:1608 their luminal cargos that are ready for ER exit 1589:1635 Therefore, we reveal a novel functional link between luminal cargo maturation and COPII vesicle budding, providing a mechanism to adjust specialized COPII vesicle production to the amount and quality of their luminal cargos that are ready for ER exit. 25557665 1 50 theme exit 181:184 arg1 ERESs 193:197 ERESs 193:197 ERESs 193:197 BACKGROUND Export from the ER is an essential process driven by the COPII coat, which forms vesicles at ER exit sites (ERESs) to transport mature secretory proteins to the Golgi. 25557665 1 50 theme exit 181:184 arg1 sites 186:190 ER exit sites 178:190 ER exit sites (ERESs) 178:198 BACKGROUND Export from the ER is an essential process driven by the COPII coat, which forms vesicles at ER exit sites (ERESs) to transport mature secretory proteins to the Golgi. 25557665 0 51 theme luminal 48:54 arg1 maturation 62:71 luminal cargo maturation 48:71 luminal cargo maturation 48:71 COPII coat composition is actively regulated by luminal cargo maturation. 25557665 6 52 theme specific 796:803 arg1 ERESs 805:809 specific ERESs 796:809 specific ERESs 796:809 In yeast, GPI-lipid remodeling concentrates GPI-APs into specific ERESs. 25557665 12 53 theme export 1674:1679 arg1 machinery 1681:1689 the ER export machinery 1667:1689 the ER export machinery 1667:1689 This helps to understand how the ER export machinery adapts to different needs for luminal cargo secretion. 25557665 2 54 theme assembly 291:298 arg1 mechanism 272:280 the basic mechanism 262:280 the basic mechanism of COPII assembly 262:298 Although the basic mechanism of COPII assembly is known, how COPII machinery is regulated to meet varying cellular secretory demands is unclear. 25557665 10 55 theme cargo 1286:1290 arg1 receptors 1292:1300 cargo receptors 1286:1300 cargo receptors 1286:1300 CONCLUSIONS Our results show that COPII coat recruitment by cargo receptors is not constitutive but instead is actively regulated by binding of mature ligands. 25557665 12 56 theme ER 1671:1672 arg1 machinery 1681:1689 the ER export machinery 1667:1689 the ER export machinery 1667:1689 This helps to understand how the ER export machinery adapts to different needs for luminal cargo secretion. 25557665 9 57 theme ER 1215:1216 arg1 export 1218:1223 GPI-AP ER export 1208:1223 GPI-AP ER export 1208:1223 Binding of remodeled cargo induces the p24 complex to recruit the COPII subtype Lst1p, specifically required for GPI-AP ER export. 25557665 11 58 theme vesicle 1541:1547 arg1 production 1549:1558 specialized COPII vesicle production 1523:1558 specialized COPII vesicle production 1523:1558 Therefore, we reveal a novel functional link between luminal cargo maturation and COPII vesicle budding, providing a mechanism to adjust specialized COPII vesicle production to the amount and quality of their luminal cargos that are ready for ER exit. 25557665 2 59 theme COPII 285:289 arg1 assembly 291:298 COPII assembly 285:298 COPII assembly 285:298 Although the basic mechanism of COPII assembly is known, how COPII machinery is regulated to meet varying cellular secretory demands is unclear. 25557665 11 60 theme cargo 1447:1451 arg1 maturation 1453:1462 luminal cargo maturation 1439:1462 luminal cargo maturation 1439:1462 Therefore, we reveal a novel functional link between luminal cargo maturation and COPII vesicle budding, providing a mechanism to adjust specialized COPII vesicle production to the amount and quality of their luminal cargos that are ready for ER exit. 25557665 5 61 theme protein 647:653 arg1 attachment 655:664 protein attachment 647:664 protein attachment in the ER lumen 647:680 After protein attachment in the ER lumen, lipid and glycan parts of the GPI anchor are remodeled. 25557665 9 62 theme COPII 1161:1165 arg1 Lst1p 1175:1179 the COPII subtype Lst1p 1157:1179 the COPII subtype Lst1p 1157:1179 Binding of remodeled cargo induces the p24 complex to recruit the COPII subtype Lst1p, specifically required for GPI-AP ER export. 25557665 9 63 theme remodeled 1106:1114 arg1 cargo 1116:1120 remodeled cargo 1106:1120 remodeled cargo 1106:1120 Binding of remodeled cargo induces the p24 complex to recruit the COPII subtype Lst1p, specifically required for GPI-AP ER export. 25557665 1 64 theme essential 110:118 arg1 process 120:126 an essential process 107:126 an essential process driven by the COPII coat, which forms vesicles at ER exit sites (ERESs) to transport mature secretory proteins to the Golgi 107:250 BACKGROUND Export from the ER is an essential process driven by the COPII coat, which forms vesicles at ER exit sites (ERESs) to transport mature secretory proteins to the Golgi. 25557665 1 64 theme essential 110:118 arg1 Export 85:90 BACKGROUND Export 74:90 BACKGROUND Export from the ER 74:102 BACKGROUND Export from the ER is an essential process driven by the COPII coat, which forms vesicles at ER exit sites (ERESs) to transport mature secretory proteins to the Golgi. 25557665 1 65 from ER 101:102 arg1 process 120:126 an essential process 107:126 an essential process driven by the COPII coat, which forms vesicles at ER exit sites (ERESs) to transport mature secretory proteins to the Golgi 107:250 BACKGROUND Export from the ER is an essential process driven by the COPII coat, which forms vesicles at ER exit sites (ERESs) to transport mature secretory proteins to the Golgi. 25557665 1 65 from ER 101:102 arg1 Export 85:90 BACKGROUND Export 74:90 BACKGROUND Export from the ER 74:102 BACKGROUND Export from the ER is an essential process driven by the COPII coat, which forms vesicles at ER exit sites (ERESs) to transport mature secretory proteins to the Golgi. 25557665 4 66 theme luminal 566:572 arg1 proteins 543:550 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins 505:550 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) 505:560 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are luminal secretory proteins anchored to the membrane by the glycolipid GPI. 25557665 4 66 theme luminal 566:572 arg1 proteins 584:591 luminal secretory proteins 566:591 luminal secretory proteins anchored to the membrane by the glycolipid GPI 566:638 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are luminal secretory proteins anchored to the membrane by the glycolipid GPI. 25557665 8 67 theme remodeled 1073:1081 arg1 GPI-glycan 1083:1092 the remodeled GPI-glycan 1069:1092 the remodeled GPI-glycan 1069:1092 First, the transmembrane cargo receptor p24 complex binds GPI-APs as a lectin by recognizing the remodeled GPI-glycan. 25557665 11 68 dep amount 1567:1572 arg1 the 1563:1565 the 1563:1565 the 1563:1565 Therefore, we reveal a novel functional link between luminal cargo maturation and COPII vesicle budding, providing a mechanism to adjust specialized COPII vesicle production to the amount and quality of their luminal cargos that are ready for ER exit. 25557665 9 69 theme cargo 1116:1120 arg1 Binding 1095:1101 Binding 1095:1101 Binding of remodeled cargo 1095:1120 Binding of remodeled cargo induces the p24 complex to recruit the COPII subtype Lst1p, specifically required for GPI-AP ER export. 25557665 11 70 theme vesicle 1474:1480 arg1 budding 1482:1488 COPII vesicle budding 1468:1488 COPII vesicle budding 1468:1488 Therefore, we reveal a novel functional link between luminal cargo maturation and COPII vesicle budding, providing a mechanism to adjust specialized COPII vesicle production to the amount and quality of their luminal cargos that are ready for ER exit. 25557665 5 71 from attachment 655:664 arg1 lumen 676:680 the ER lumen 669:680 the ER lumen 669:680 After protein attachment in the ER lumen, lipid and glycan parts of the GPI anchor are remodeled. 25557665 12 72 theme luminal 1721:1727 arg1 secretion 1735:1743 luminal cargo secretion 1721:1743 luminal cargo secretion 1721:1743 This helps to understand how the ER export machinery adapts to different needs for luminal cargo secretion. 25557665 7 73 theme specific 960:967 arg1 ERESs 969:973 these specific ERESs 954:973 these specific ERESs 954:973 We found that GPI-glycan remodeling induces subsequent recruitment of the specialized ER export machinery that enables vesicle formation from these specific ERESs. 25557665 7 74 theme subsequent 856:865 arg1 recruitment 867:877 subsequent recruitment 856:877 subsequent recruitment of the specialized ER export machinery that enables vesicle formation from these specific ERESs 856:973 We found that GPI-glycan remodeling induces subsequent recruitment of the specialized ER export machinery that enables vesicle formation from these specific ERESs. 25557665 12 75 theme cargo 1729:1733 arg1 secretion 1735:1743 luminal cargo secretion 1721:1743 luminal cargo secretion 1721:1743 This helps to understand how the ER export machinery adapts to different needs for luminal cargo secretion. 25557665 0 76 theme cargo 56:60 arg1 maturation 62:71 luminal cargo maturation 48:71 luminal cargo maturation 48:71 COPII coat composition is actively regulated by luminal cargo maturation. 25557665 11 77 theme cargos 1603:1608 arg1 cargos 1603:1608 their luminal cargos 1589:1608 their luminal cargos that are ready for ER exit 1589:1635 Therefore, we reveal a novel functional link between luminal cargo maturation and COPII vesicle budding, providing a mechanism to adjust specialized COPII vesicle production to the amount and quality of their luminal cargos that are ready for ER exit. 25557665 11 77 theme cargos 1603:1608 arg1 quality 1578:1584 quality 1578:1584 quality 1578:1584 Therefore, we reveal a novel functional link between luminal cargo maturation and COPII vesicle budding, providing a mechanism to adjust specialized COPII vesicle production to the amount and quality of their luminal cargos that are ready for ER exit. 25557665 11 77 theme cargos 1603:1608 arg1 amount 1567:1572 amount 1567:1572 amount 1567:1572 Therefore, we reveal a novel functional link between luminal cargo maturation and COPII vesicle budding, providing a mechanism to adjust specialized COPII vesicle production to the amount and quality of their luminal cargos that are ready for ER exit. 25557665 7 78 theme GPI-glycan 826:835 arg1 remodeling 837:846 GPI-glycan remodeling 826:846 GPI-glycan remodeling 826:846 We found that GPI-glycan remodeling induces subsequent recruitment of the specialized ER export machinery that enables vesicle formation from these specific ERESs. 25557665 4 79 theme secretory 574:582 arg1 proteins 543:550 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins 505:550 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) 505:560 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are luminal secretory proteins anchored to the membrane by the glycolipid GPI. 25557665 4 79 theme secretory 574:582 arg1 proteins 584:591 luminal secretory proteins 566:591 luminal secretory proteins anchored to the membrane by the glycolipid GPI 566:638 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are luminal secretory proteins anchored to the membrane by the glycolipid GPI. 32624734 6 0 theme VP 1159:1160 arg1 potential 1119:1127 The zeta potential 1110:1127 The zeta potential 1110:1127 The zeta potential and the hydrophobicity of the VP produced in the adherent cells was significantly decreased compared to the VP produced in the suspension cells. 32624734 6 0 theme VP 1159:1160 arg1 hydrophobicity 1137:1150 the hydrophobicity 1133:1150 the hydrophobicity of the VP produced in the adherent cells 1133:1191 The zeta potential and the hydrophobicity of the VP produced in the adherent cells was significantly decreased compared to the VP produced in the suspension cells. 32624734 9 1 theme VP 1645:1646 arg1 hydrophobicity 1648:1661 VP hydrophobicity 1645:1661 VP hydrophobicity 1645:1661 These results indicate that differences in the glycosylation of viral surface proteins should be monitored to characterize VP hydrophobicity and aggregation behavior, and to avoid aggregate formation and product losses in virus purification processes for vaccines and gene therapy. 32624734 4 2 theme aggregate 830:838 arg1 formation 840:848 aggregate formation 830:848 aggregate formation 830:848 This included the formation of multimers (dimers up to pentamers), whereas VP produced in suspension cells displayed no tendency toward aggregate formation. 32624734 2 3 theme dynamic 540:546 arg1 scattering 554:563 dynamic light scattering 540:563 dynamic light scattering 540:563 First, differences in aggregation behavior were revealed by VP size distributions obtained via differential centrifugal sedimentation and confirmed by dynamic light scattering. 32624734 1 4 theme aggregation 367:377 arg1 behavior 379:386 their aggregation behavior 361:386 their aggregation behavior 361:386 In this study, influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells were investigated with a broad analytical toolbox to obtain more information on the VP's surface properties potentially affecting their aggregation behavior. 32624734 8 5 theme larger 1420:1425 arg1 N-glycans 1427:1435 the larger N-glycans 1416:1435 the larger N-glycans 1416:1435 The hemagglutinin of the VP produced in adherent cells included more of the larger N-glycans, whereas the VP produced in suspension cells included more of the smaller N-glycans. 32624734 3 6 theme adherent 585:592 arg1 cells 594:598 adherent cells 585:598 adherent cells 585:598 The VP produced in adherent cells showed increased levels of aggregation in a 20 mM NaCl 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 low-salt buffer. 32624734 8 7 dep included 1399:1406 arg1 whereas 1438:1444 whereas 1438:1444 whereas 1438:1444 The hemagglutinin of the VP produced in adherent cells included more of the larger N-glycans, whereas the VP produced in suspension cells included more of the smaller N-glycans. 32624734 6 8 theme adherent 1178:1185 arg1 cells 1187:1191 the adherent cells 1174:1191 the adherent cells 1174:1191 The zeta potential and the hydrophobicity of the VP produced in the adherent cells was significantly decreased compared to the VP produced in the suspension cells. 32624734 3 9 theme aggregation 627:637 arg1 levels 617:622 increased levels 607:622 increased levels of aggregation 607:637 The VP produced in adherent cells showed increased levels of aggregation in a 20 mM NaCl 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 low-salt buffer. 32624734 1 10 theme influenza 108:116 arg1 virus 142:146 influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus 108:146 influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells 108:229 In this study, influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells were investigated with a broad analytical toolbox to obtain more information on the VP's surface properties potentially affecting their aggregation behavior. 32624734 4 11 dep multimers 725:733 arg1 dimers 736:741 dimers 736:741 dimers up to pentamers 736:757 This included the formation of multimers (dimers up to pentamers), whereas VP produced in suspension cells displayed no tendency toward aggregate formation. 32624734 9 12 theme product 1726:1732 arg1 losses 1734:1739 product losses 1726:1739 product losses 1726:1739 These results indicate that differences in the glycosylation of viral surface proteins should be monitored to characterize VP hydrophobicity and aggregation behavior, and to avoid aggregate formation and product losses in virus purification processes for vaccines and gene therapy. 32624734 7 13 theme systems 1307:1313 arg1 identical 1333:1341 identical 1333:1341 identical 1333:1341 The lipid composition of both VP systems was approximately identical. 32624734 7 13 theme systems 1307:1313 arg1 composition 1284:1294 The lipid composition 1274:1294 The lipid composition of both VP systems 1274:1313 The lipid composition of both VP systems was approximately identical. 32624734 5 14 theme protein 1087:1093 arg1 hemagglutinin 1095:1107 their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin 1064:1107 their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin 1064:1107 To investigate the cause of these differences in aggregation behavior, the VP samples were compared based on their zeta potential, their surface hydrophobicity, their lipid composition, and the N-glycosylation of their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin. 32624734 4 15 dep pentamers 749:757 arg1 up 743:744 up 743:744 up 743:744 This included the formation of multimers (dimers up to pentamers), whereas VP produced in suspension cells displayed no tendency toward aggregate formation. 32624734 0 16 theme influenza 64:72 arg1 particles 82:90 influenza A virus particles 64:90 influenza A virus particles 64:90 Influence of the production system on the surface properties of influenza A virus particles. 32624734 1 17 theme virus 142:146 arg1 VP 159:160 VP 159:160 VP 159:160 In this study, influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells were investigated with a broad analytical toolbox to obtain more information on the VP's surface properties potentially affecting their aggregation behavior. 32624734 1 17 theme virus 142:146 arg1 particles 148:156 influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles 108:156 influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells 108:229 In this study, influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells were investigated with a broad analytical toolbox to obtain more information on the VP's surface properties potentially affecting their aggregation behavior. 32624734 9 18 theme purification 1750:1761 arg1 processes 1763:1771 virus purification processes 1744:1771 virus purification processes 1744:1771 These results indicate that differences in the glycosylation of viral surface proteins should be monitored to characterize VP hydrophobicity and aggregation behavior, and to avoid aggregate formation and product losses in virus purification processes for vaccines and gene therapy. 32624734 8 19 theme suspension 1465:1474 arg1 cells 1476:1480 suspension cells 1465:1480 suspension cells 1465:1480 The hemagglutinin of the VP produced in adherent cells included more of the larger N-glycans, whereas the VP produced in suspension cells included more of the smaller N-glycans. 32624734 0 20 theme virus 76:80 arg1 particles 82:90 influenza A virus particles 64:90 influenza A virus particles 64:90 Influence of the production system on the surface properties of influenza A virus particles. 32624734 5 21 theme VP 1076:1077 arg1 hemagglutinin 1095:1107 their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin 1064:1107 their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin 1064:1107 To investigate the cause of these differences in aggregation behavior, the VP samples were compared based on their zeta potential, their surface hydrophobicity, their lipid composition, and the N-glycosylation of their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin. 32624734 7 22 theme VP 1304:1305 arg1 systems 1307:1313 both VP systems 1299:1313 both VP systems 1299:1313 The lipid composition of both VP systems was approximately identical. 32624734 2 23 theme differential 484:495 arg1 sedimentation 509:521 differential centrifugal sedimentation 484:521 differential centrifugal sedimentation 484:521 First, differences in aggregation behavior were revealed by VP size distributions obtained via differential centrifugal sedimentation and confirmed by dynamic light scattering. 32624734 4 24 theme multimers 725:733 arg1 formation 712:720 the formation 708:720 the formation of multimers (dimers up to pentamers) 708:758 This included the formation of multimers (dimers up to pentamers), whereas VP produced in suspension cells displayed no tendency toward aggregate formation. 32624734 5 25 from differences 885:895 arg1 behavior 912:919 aggregation behavior 900:919 aggregation behavior 900:919 To investigate the cause of these differences in aggregation behavior, the VP samples were compared based on their zeta potential, their surface hydrophobicity, their lipid composition, and the N-glycosylation of their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin. 32624734 2 26 theme aggregation 411:421 arg1 behavior 423:430 aggregation behavior 411:430 aggregation behavior 411:430 First, differences in aggregation behavior were revealed by VP size distributions obtained via differential centrifugal sedimentation and confirmed by dynamic light scattering. 32624734 8 27 theme smaller 1503:1509 arg1 N-glycans 1511:1519 the smaller N-glycans 1499:1519 the smaller N-glycans 1499:1519 The hemagglutinin of the VP produced in adherent cells included more of the larger N-glycans, whereas the VP produced in suspension cells included more of the smaller N-glycans. 32624734 4 28 theme suspension 784:793 arg1 cells 795:799 suspension cells 784:799 suspension cells 784:799 This included the formation of multimers (dimers up to pentamers), whereas VP produced in suspension cells displayed no tendency toward aggregate formation. 32624734 1 29 theme broad 256:260 arg1 toolbox 273:279 a broad analytical toolbox 254:279 a broad analytical toolbox to obtain more information on the VP's surface properties potentially affecting their aggregation behavior 254:386 In this study, influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells were investigated with a broad analytical toolbox to obtain more information on the VP's surface properties potentially affecting their aggregation behavior. 32624734 7 30 theme lipid 1278:1282 arg1 identical 1333:1341 identical 1333:1341 identical 1333:1341 The lipid composition of both VP systems was approximately identical. 32624734 7 30 theme lipid 1278:1282 arg1 composition 1284:1294 The lipid composition 1274:1294 The lipid composition of both VP systems 1274:1313 The lipid composition of both VP systems was approximately identical. 32624734 2 31 theme size 452:455 arg1 distributions 457:469 VP size distributions 449:469 VP size distributions obtained via differential centrifugal sedimentation and confirmed by dynamic light scattering 449:563 First, differences in aggregation behavior were revealed by VP size distributions obtained via differential centrifugal sedimentation and confirmed by dynamic light scattering. 32624734 3 32 theme mM 647:648 arg1 buffer 686:691 a 20 mM NaCl 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 low-salt buffer 642:691 a 20 mM NaCl 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 low-salt buffer 642:691 The VP produced in adherent cells showed increased levels of aggregation in a 20 mM NaCl 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 low-salt buffer. 32624734 8 33 theme VP 1369:1370 arg1 hemagglutinin 1348:1360 The hemagglutinin 1344:1360 The hemagglutinin of the VP produced in adherent cells 1344:1397 The hemagglutinin of the VP produced in adherent cells included more of the larger N-glycans, whereas the VP produced in suspension cells included more of the smaller N-glycans. 32624734 0 34 theme system 28:33 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of the production system on the surface properties of influenza A virus particles. 0:91 Influence of the production system on the surface properties of influenza A virus particles. 32624734 5 35 theme surface 988:994 arg1 hydrophobicity 996:1009 their surface hydrophobicity 982:1009 their surface hydrophobicity 982:1009 To investigate the cause of these differences in aggregation behavior, the VP samples were compared based on their zeta potential, their surface hydrophobicity, their lipid composition, and the N-glycosylation of their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin. 32624734 2 36 dep distributions 457:469 arg1 obtained 471:478 obtained 471:478 obtained via differential centrifugal sedimentation 471:521 First, differences in aggregation behavior were revealed by VP size distributions obtained via differential centrifugal sedimentation and confirmed by dynamic light scattering. 32624734 2 36 dep distributions 457:469 arg1 confirmed 527:535 confirmed 527:535 confirmed by dynamic light scattering 527:563 First, differences in aggregation behavior were revealed by VP size distributions obtained via differential centrifugal sedimentation and confirmed by dynamic light scattering. 32624734 3 37 theme Tris-HCl 661:668 arg1 buffer 686:691 a 20 mM NaCl 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 low-salt buffer 642:691 a 20 mM NaCl 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 low-salt buffer 642:691 The VP produced in adherent cells showed increased levels of aggregation in a 20 mM NaCl 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 low-salt buffer. 32624734 1 38 theme suspension 188:197 arg1 kidney 218:223 suspension Madin Darby canine kidney 188:223 suspension Madin Darby canine kidney 188:223 In this study, influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells were investigated with a broad analytical toolbox to obtain more information on the VP's surface properties potentially affecting their aggregation behavior. 32624734 5 39 theme zeta 966:969 arg1 potential 971:979 their zeta potential 960:979 their zeta potential 960:979 To investigate the cause of these differences in aggregation behavior, the VP samples were compared based on their zeta potential, their surface hydrophobicity, their lipid composition, and the N-glycosylation of their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin. 32624734 1 40 theme Rico/8/34 127:135 arg1 virus 142:146 influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus 108:146 influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells 108:229 In this study, influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells were investigated with a broad analytical toolbox to obtain more information on the VP's surface properties potentially affecting their aggregation behavior. 32624734 1 41 theme Darby 205:209 arg1 kidney 218:223 suspension Madin Darby canine kidney 188:223 suspension Madin Darby canine kidney 188:223 In this study, influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells were investigated with a broad analytical toolbox to obtain more information on the VP's surface properties potentially affecting their aggregation behavior. 32624734 1 42 from information 296:306 arg1 properties 328:337 the VP's surface properties 311:337 the VP's surface properties 311:337 In this study, influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells were investigated with a broad analytical toolbox to obtain more information on the VP's surface properties potentially affecting their aggregation behavior. 32624734 2 43 from differences 396:406 arg1 behavior 423:430 aggregation behavior 411:430 aggregation behavior 411:430 First, differences in aggregation behavior were revealed by VP size distributions obtained via differential centrifugal sedimentation and confirmed by dynamic light scattering. 32624734 9 44 gly glycosylation 1569:1581 arg1 proteins 1600:1607 viral surface proteins 1586:1607 viral surface proteins 1586:1607 These results indicate that differences in the glycosylation of viral surface proteins should be monitored to characterize VP hydrophobicity and aggregation behavior, and to avoid aggregate formation and product losses in virus purification processes for vaccines and gene therapy. 32624734 6 45 theme suspension 1256:1265 arg1 cells 1267:1271 the suspension cells 1252:1271 the suspension cells 1252:1271 The zeta potential and the hydrophobicity of the VP produced in the adherent cells was significantly decreased compared to the VP produced in the suspension cells. 32624734 1 46 theme kidney 218:223 arg1 cells 225:229 adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells 175:229 adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells 175:229 In this study, influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells were investigated with a broad analytical toolbox to obtain more information on the VP's surface properties potentially affecting their aggregation behavior. 32624734 3 47 theme low-salt 677:684 arg1 buffer 686:691 a 20 mM NaCl 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 low-salt buffer 642:691 a 20 mM NaCl 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 low-salt buffer 642:691 The VP produced in adherent cells showed increased levels of aggregation in a 20 mM NaCl 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 low-salt buffer. 32624734 9 48 theme aggregation 1667:1677 arg1 behavior 1679:1686 aggregation behavior 1667:1686 aggregation behavior 1667:1686 These results indicate that differences in the glycosylation of viral surface proteins should be monitored to characterize VP hydrophobicity and aggregation behavior, and to avoid aggregate formation and product losses in virus purification processes for vaccines and gene therapy. 32624734 2 49 theme light 548:552 arg1 scattering 554:563 dynamic light scattering 540:563 dynamic light scattering 540:563 First, differences in aggregation behavior were revealed by VP size distributions obtained via differential centrifugal sedimentation and confirmed by dynamic light scattering. 32624734 6 50 theme zeta 1114:1117 arg1 potential 1119:1127 The zeta potential 1110:1127 The zeta potential 1110:1127 The zeta potential and the hydrophobicity of the VP produced in the adherent cells was significantly decreased compared to the VP produced in the suspension cells. 32624734 1 51 theme adherent 175:182 arg1 cells 225:229 adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells 175:229 adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells 175:229 In this study, influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells were investigated with a broad analytical toolbox to obtain more information on the VP's surface properties potentially affecting their aggregation behavior. 32624734 5 52 theme differences 885:895 arg1 cause 870:874 the cause 866:874 the cause of these differences in aggregation behavior 866:919 To investigate the cause of these differences in aggregation behavior, the VP samples were compared based on their zeta potential, their surface hydrophobicity, their lipid composition, and the N-glycosylation of their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin. 32624734 0 53 from Influence 0:8 arg1 properties 50:59 the surface properties 38:59 the surface properties of influenza A virus particles 38:90 Influence of the production system on the surface properties of influenza A virus particles. 32624734 9 54 theme aggregate 1702:1710 arg1 formation 1712:1720 aggregate formation 1702:1720 aggregate formation 1702:1720 These results indicate that differences in the glycosylation of viral surface proteins should be monitored to characterize VP hydrophobicity and aggregation behavior, and to avoid aggregate formation and product losses in virus purification processes for vaccines and gene therapy. 32624734 5 55 theme lipid 1018:1022 arg1 composition 1024:1034 their lipid composition 1012:1034 their lipid composition 1012:1034 To investigate the cause of these differences in aggregation behavior, the VP samples were compared based on their zeta potential, their surface hydrophobicity, their lipid composition, and the N-glycosylation of their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin. 32624734 5 56 theme aggregation 900:910 arg1 behavior 912:919 aggregation behavior 900:919 aggregation behavior 900:919 To investigate the cause of these differences in aggregation behavior, the VP samples were compared based on their zeta potential, their surface hydrophobicity, their lipid composition, and the N-glycosylation of their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin. 32624734 9 57 from differences 1550:1560 arg1 glycosylation 1569:1581 the glycosylation 1565:1581 the glycosylation of viral surface proteins 1565:1607 These results indicate that differences in the glycosylation of viral surface proteins should be monitored to characterize VP hydrophobicity and aggregation behavior, and to avoid aggregate formation and product losses in virus purification processes for vaccines and gene therapy. 32624734 9 58 from formation 1712:1720 arg1 processes 1763:1771 virus purification processes 1744:1771 virus purification processes 1744:1771 These results indicate that differences in the glycosylation of viral surface proteins should be monitored to characterize VP hydrophobicity and aggregation behavior, and to avoid aggregate formation and product losses in virus purification processes for vaccines and gene therapy. 32624734 3 59 theme increased 607:615 arg1 levels 617:622 increased levels 607:622 increased levels of aggregation 607:637 The VP produced in adherent cells showed increased levels of aggregation in a 20 mM NaCl 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 low-salt buffer. 32624734 1 60 theme A/Puerto 118:125 arg1 virus 142:146 influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus 108:146 influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells 108:229 In this study, influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells were investigated with a broad analytical toolbox to obtain more information on the VP's surface properties potentially affecting their aggregation behavior. 32624734 0 61 theme A 74:74 arg1 particles 82:90 influenza A virus particles 64:90 influenza A virus particles 64:90 Influence of the production system on the surface properties of influenza A virus particles. 32624734 5 62 theme hemagglutinin 1095:1107 arg1 potential 971:979 their zeta potential 960:979 their zeta potential 960:979 To investigate the cause of these differences in aggregation behavior, the VP samples were compared based on their zeta potential, their surface hydrophobicity, their lipid composition, and the N-glycosylation of their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin. 32624734 5 62 theme hemagglutinin 1095:1107 arg1 composition 1024:1034 their lipid composition 1012:1034 their lipid composition 1012:1034 To investigate the cause of these differences in aggregation behavior, the VP samples were compared based on their zeta potential, their surface hydrophobicity, their lipid composition, and the N-glycosylation of their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin. 32624734 5 62 theme hemagglutinin 1095:1107 arg1 hydrophobicity 996:1009 their surface hydrophobicity 982:1009 their surface hydrophobicity 982:1009 To investigate the cause of these differences in aggregation behavior, the VP samples were compared based on their zeta potential, their surface hydrophobicity, their lipid composition, and the N-glycosylation of their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin. 32624734 5 62 theme hemagglutinin 1095:1107 arg1 N-glycosylation 1045:1059 the N-glycosylation 1041:1059 the N-glycosylation of their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin 1041:1107 To investigate the cause of these differences in aggregation behavior, the VP samples were compared based on their zeta potential, their surface hydrophobicity, their lipid composition, and the N-glycosylation of their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin. 32624734 1 63 theme H1N1 137:140 arg1 virus 142:146 influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus 108:146 influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells 108:229 In this study, influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells were investigated with a broad analytical toolbox to obtain more information on the VP's surface properties potentially affecting their aggregation behavior. 32624734 9 64 theme virus 1744:1748 arg1 processes 1763:1771 virus purification processes 1744:1771 virus purification processes 1744:1771 These results indicate that differences in the glycosylation of viral surface proteins should be monitored to characterize VP hydrophobicity and aggregation behavior, and to avoid aggregate formation and product losses in virus purification processes for vaccines and gene therapy. 32624734 0 65 theme particles 82:90 arg1 properties 50:59 the surface properties 38:59 the surface properties of influenza A virus particles 38:90 Influence of the production system on the surface properties of influenza A virus particles. 32624734 9 66 theme surface 1592:1598 arg1 proteins 1600:1607 viral surface proteins 1586:1607 viral surface proteins 1586:1607 These results indicate that differences in the glycosylation of viral surface proteins should be monitored to characterize VP hydrophobicity and aggregation behavior, and to avoid aggregate formation and product losses in virus purification processes for vaccines and gene therapy. 32624734 1 67 theme surface 320:326 arg1 properties 328:337 the VP's surface properties 311:337 the VP's surface properties 311:337 In this study, influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells were investigated with a broad analytical toolbox to obtain more information on the VP's surface properties potentially affecting their aggregation behavior. 32624734 5 68 from cause 870:874 arg1 behavior 912:919 aggregation behavior 900:919 aggregation behavior 900:919 To investigate the cause of these differences in aggregation behavior, the VP samples were compared based on their zeta potential, their surface hydrophobicity, their lipid composition, and the N-glycosylation of their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin. 32624734 2 69 theme centrifugal 497:507 arg1 sedimentation 509:521 differential centrifugal sedimentation 484:521 differential centrifugal sedimentation 484:521 First, differences in aggregation behavior were revealed by VP size distributions obtained via differential centrifugal sedimentation and confirmed by dynamic light scattering. 32624734 5 70 theme surface 1079:1085 arg1 hemagglutinin 1095:1107 their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin 1064:1107 their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin 1064:1107 To investigate the cause of these differences in aggregation behavior, the VP samples were compared based on their zeta potential, their surface hydrophobicity, their lipid composition, and the N-glycosylation of their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin. 32624734 5 71 from behavior 912:919 arg1 cause 870:874 the cause 866:874 the cause of these differences in aggregation behavior 866:919 To investigate the cause of these differences in aggregation behavior, the VP samples were compared based on their zeta potential, their surface hydrophobicity, their lipid composition, and the N-glycosylation of their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin. 32624734 5 72 theme major 1070:1074 arg1 hemagglutinin 1095:1107 their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin 1064:1107 their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin 1064:1107 To investigate the cause of these differences in aggregation behavior, the VP samples were compared based on their zeta potential, their surface hydrophobicity, their lipid composition, and the N-glycosylation of their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin. 32624734 9 73 theme gene 1790:1793 arg1 therapy 1795:1801 gene therapy 1790:1801 gene therapy 1790:1801 These results indicate that differences in the glycosylation of viral surface proteins should be monitored to characterize VP hydrophobicity and aggregation behavior, and to avoid aggregate formation and product losses in virus purification processes for vaccines and gene therapy. 32624734 0 74 theme production 17:26 arg1 system 28:33 the production system 13:33 the production system 13:33 Influence of the production system on the surface properties of influenza A virus particles. 32624734 5 75 theme VP 926:927 arg1 samples 929:935 the VP samples 922:935 the VP samples 922:935 To investigate the cause of these differences in aggregation behavior, the VP samples were compared based on their zeta potential, their surface hydrophobicity, their lipid composition, and the N-glycosylation of their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin. 32624734 3 76 theme 20 644:645 arg1 mM 647:648 mM 647:648 mM 647:648 The VP produced in adherent cells showed increased levels of aggregation in a 20 mM NaCl 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 low-salt buffer. 32624734 1 77 theme analytical 262:271 arg1 toolbox 273:279 a broad analytical toolbox 254:279 a broad analytical toolbox to obtain more information on the VP's surface properties potentially affecting their aggregation behavior 254:386 In this study, influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells were investigated with a broad analytical toolbox to obtain more information on the VP's surface properties potentially affecting their aggregation behavior. 32624734 2 78 theme VP 449:450 arg1 distributions 457:469 VP size distributions 449:469 VP size distributions obtained via differential centrifugal sedimentation and confirmed by dynamic light scattering 449:563 First, differences in aggregation behavior were revealed by VP size distributions obtained via differential centrifugal sedimentation and confirmed by dynamic light scattering. 32624734 0 79 theme surface 42:48 arg1 properties 50:59 the surface properties 38:59 the surface properties of influenza A virus particles 38:90 Influence of the production system on the surface properties of influenza A virus particles. 32624734 3 80 theme mM 658:659 arg1 buffer 686:691 a 20 mM NaCl 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 low-salt buffer 642:691 a 20 mM NaCl 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 low-salt buffer 642:691 The VP produced in adherent cells showed increased levels of aggregation in a 20 mM NaCl 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 low-salt buffer. 32624734 1 81 theme more 291:294 arg1 information 296:306 more information 291:306 more information on the VP's surface properties 291:337 In this study, influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells were investigated with a broad analytical toolbox to obtain more information on the VP's surface properties potentially affecting their aggregation behavior. 32624734 9 82 theme viral 1586:1590 arg1 proteins 1600:1607 viral surface proteins 1586:1607 viral surface proteins 1586:1607 These results indicate that differences in the glycosylation of viral surface proteins should be monitored to characterize VP hydrophobicity and aggregation behavior, and to avoid aggregate formation and product losses in virus purification processes for vaccines and gene therapy. 32624734 3 83 theme NaCl 650:653 arg1 buffer 686:691 a 20 mM NaCl 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 low-salt buffer 642:691 a 20 mM NaCl 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 low-salt buffer 642:691 The VP produced in adherent cells showed increased levels of aggregation in a 20 mM NaCl 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 low-salt buffer. 32624734 8 84 theme adherent 1384:1391 arg1 cells 1393:1397 adherent cells 1384:1397 adherent cells 1384:1397 The hemagglutinin of the VP produced in adherent cells included more of the larger N-glycans, whereas the VP produced in suspension cells included more of the smaller N-glycans. 32624734 1 85 theme Madin 199:203 arg1 kidney 218:223 suspension Madin Darby canine kidney 188:223 suspension Madin Darby canine kidney 188:223 In this study, influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells were investigated with a broad analytical toolbox to obtain more information on the VP's surface properties potentially affecting their aggregation behavior. 32624734 9 86 from losses 1734:1739 arg1 processes 1763:1771 virus purification processes 1744:1771 virus purification processes 1744:1771 These results indicate that differences in the glycosylation of viral surface proteins should be monitored to characterize VP hydrophobicity and aggregation behavior, and to avoid aggregate formation and product losses in virus purification processes for vaccines and gene therapy. 32624734 9 87 theme proteins 1600:1607 arg1 glycosylation 1569:1581 the glycosylation 1565:1581 the glycosylation of viral surface proteins 1565:1607 These results indicate that differences in the glycosylation of viral surface proteins should be monitored to characterize VP hydrophobicity and aggregation behavior, and to avoid aggregate formation and product losses in virus purification processes for vaccines and gene therapy. 32624734 5 88 gly N-glycosylation 1045:1059 arg1 hemagglutinin 1095:1107 their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin 1064:1107 their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin 1064:1107 To investigate the cause of these differences in aggregation behavior, the VP samples were compared based on their zeta potential, their surface hydrophobicity, their lipid composition, and the N-glycosylation of their major VP surface protein hemagglutinin. 32624734 1 89 theme canine 211:216 arg1 kidney 218:223 suspension Madin Darby canine kidney 188:223 suspension Madin Darby canine kidney 188:223 In this study, influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 virus particles (VP) produced in adherent and suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells were investigated with a broad analytical toolbox to obtain more information on the VP's surface properties potentially affecting their aggregation behavior. 28853684 3 0 dep analysis 314:321 arg1 basis 282:286 basis 282:286 basis 282:286 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain is phylogenetically related to the family Micrococcaceae. 28853684 3 0 dep analysis 314:321 arg1 the 278:280 the 278:280 the 278:280 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain is phylogenetically related to the family Micrococcaceae. 28853684 9 1 theme strain 1050:1055 arg1 TSL3T 1057:1061 strain TSL3T 1050:1061 strain TSL3T 1050:1061 The DNA G+C content of strain TSL3T was 58.4 mol%. 28853684 10 2 theme strain 1140:1145 arg1 TSL3T 1147:1151 strain TSL3T 1140:1151 strain TSL3T 1140:1151 Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation clearly showed that strain TSL3T could be differerentiated from the members of other genera in the family Micrococcaceae. 28853684 4 3 theme humicola 515:522 arg1 KV-653T 524:530 Arthrobacter humicola KV-653T 502:530 Arthrobacter humicola KV-653T (96.43 %) 502:540 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found with Micrococcus terreus V3M1T (96.50 %) followed by Arthrobacter humicola KV-653T (96.43 %). 28853684 4 3 theme humicola 515:522 arg1 % 539:539 96.43 % 533:539 96.43 % 533:539 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found with Micrococcus terreus V3M1T (96.50 %) followed by Arthrobacter humicola KV-653T (96.43 %). 28853684 3 4 theme gene 300:303 arg1 analysis 314:321 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 291:321 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 291:321 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain is phylogenetically related to the family Micrococcaceae. 28853684 4 5 theme Micrococcus 454:464 arg1 V3M1T 474:478 Micrococcus terreus V3M1T 454:478 Micrococcus terreus V3M1T (96.50 %) followed by Arthrobacter humicola KV-653T (96.43 %) 454:540 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found with Micrococcus terreus V3M1T (96.50 %) followed by Arthrobacter humicola KV-653T (96.43 %). 28853684 4 5 theme Micrococcus 454:464 arg1 % 487:487 96.50 % 481:487 96.50 % 481:487 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found with Micrococcus terreus V3M1T (96.50 %) followed by Arthrobacter humicola KV-653T (96.43 %). 28853684 11 6 theme novel 1296:1300 arg1 genus 1302:1306 a novel genus 1294:1306 a novel genus 1294:1306 According to these results, strain TSL3T represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov., sp. 28853684 2 7 theme porcupine 195:203 arg1 faeces 183:188 faeces 183:188 faeces of a porcupine, Hystrix indica 183:219 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated TSL3T, was isolated from faeces of a porcupine, Hystrix indica, from the Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden, Hungary. 28853684 1 8 dep Actinobacteria 98:111 arg1 member 54:59 a novel member 46:59 a novel member of the family Micrococcaceae 46:88 nov., a novel member of the family Micrococcaceae, phylum Actinobacteria. 28853684 1 8 dep Actinobacteria 98:111 arg1 nov. 40:43 nov. 40:43 nov. 40:43 nov., a novel member of the family Micrococcaceae, phylum Actinobacteria. 28853684 7 9 theme major 712:716 arg1 menaquinone 718:728 The major menaquinone 708:728 The major menaquinone 708:728 The major menaquinone was MK-7, and the polar lipid profile included phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, dimannosylglyceride, trimannosyldiacylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, three unknown phospholipids and two unknown glycolipids. 28853684 7 9 theme major 712:716 arg1 MK-7 734:737 MK-7 734:737 MK-7 734:737 The major menaquinone was MK-7, and the polar lipid profile included phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, dimannosylglyceride, trimannosyldiacylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, three unknown phospholipids and two unknown glycolipids. 28853684 3 10 theme sequence 305:312 arg1 analysis 314:321 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 291:321 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 291:321 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain is phylogenetically related to the family Micrococcaceae. 28853684 4 11 theme sequence 419:426 arg1 similarity 428:437 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:437 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:437 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found with Micrococcus terreus V3M1T (96.50 %) followed by Arthrobacter humicola KV-653T (96.43 %). 28853684 10 12 theme family 1219:1224 arg1 Micrococcaceae 1226:1239 the family Micrococcaceae 1215:1239 the family Micrococcaceae 1215:1239 Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation clearly showed that strain TSL3T could be differerentiated from the members of other genera in the family Micrococcaceae. 28853684 3 13 theme 16S 291:293 arg1 analysis 314:321 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 291:321 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 291:321 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain is phylogenetically related to the family Micrococcaceae. 28853684 4 14 theme gene 414:417 arg1 similarity 428:437 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:437 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:437 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found with Micrococcus terreus V3M1T (96.50 %) followed by Arthrobacter humicola KV-653T (96.43 %). 28853684 9 15 theme 58.4 mol 1067:1074 arg1 content 1039:1045 The DNA G+C content 1027:1045 The DNA G+C content of strain TSL3T 1027:1061 The DNA G+C content of strain TSL3T was 58.4 mol%. 28853684 9 15 theme 58.4 mol 1067:1074 arg1 % 1075:1075 58.4 mol% 1067:1075 58.4 mol% 1067:1075 The DNA G+C content of strain TSL3T was 58.4 mol%. 28853684 1 16 theme novel 48:52 arg1 member 54:59 a novel member 46:59 a novel member of the family Micrococcaceae 46:88 nov., a novel member of the family Micrococcaceae, phylum Actinobacteria. 28853684 1 16 theme novel 48:52 arg1 nov. 40:43 nov. 40:43 nov. 40:43 nov., a novel member of the family Micrococcaceae, phylum Actinobacteria. 28853684 10 17 from Micrococcaceae 1226:1239 arg1 members 1188:1194 the members 1184:1194 the members of other genera in the family Micrococcaceae 1184:1239 Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation clearly showed that strain TSL3T could be differerentiated from the members of other genera in the family Micrococcaceae. 28853684 3 18 theme rRNA 295:298 arg1 analysis 314:321 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 291:321 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 291:321 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain is phylogenetically related to the family Micrococcaceae. 28853684 2 19 theme Gram-stain-positive 116:134 arg1 bacterium 136:144 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium 114:144 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium 114:144 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated TSL3T, was isolated from faeces of a porcupine, Hystrix indica, from the Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden, Hungary. 28853684 5 20 theme strain 552:557 arg1 TSL3T 559:563 strain TSL3T 552:563 strain TSL3T 552:563 Cells of strain TSL3T were aerobic, non-motile and coccoid-shaped. 28853684 11 21 dep sp 1376:1377 arg1 nov. 1370:1373 the name Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov. 1331:1373 the name Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov. 1331:1373 According to these results, strain TSL3T represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov., sp. 28853684 0 22 theme hystricis 15:23 arg1 nov. 30:33 Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov. 0:33 Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov. 0:33 Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov., sp. 28853684 5 23 theme TSL3T 559:563 arg1 Cells 543:547 Cells 543:547 Cells of strain TSL3T 543:563 Cells of strain TSL3T were aerobic, non-motile and coccoid-shaped. 28853684 13 24 theme =DSM 1424:1427 arg1 02604T 1445:1450 =DSM 29785T=NCAIM B. 02604T 1424:1450 =DSM 29785T=NCAIM B. 02604T 1424:1450 The type strain is TSL3T (=DSM 29785T=NCAIM B. 02604T). 28853684 13 24 theme =DSM 1424:1427 arg1 TSL3T 1417:1421 TSL3T 1417:1421 TSL3T (=DSM 29785T=NCAIM B. 02604T) 1417:1451 The type strain is TSL3T (=DSM 29785T=NCAIM B. 02604T). 28853684 6 25 theme fatty 619:623 arg1 acids 625:629 The main fatty acids 610:629 The main fatty acids 610:629 The main fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (54.4 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.2 %) and iso C15 : 0 (9.7 %). 28853684 6 25 theme fatty 619:623 arg1  0 649:650  0 649:650  0 649:650 The main fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (54.4 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.2 %) and iso C15 : 0 (9.7 %). 28853684 6 25 theme fatty 619:623 arg1 anteiso-C15  636:647 anteiso-C15  636:647 anteiso-C15  636:647 The main fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (54.4 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.2 %) and iso C15 : 0 (9.7 %). 28853684 2 26 attach isolated 169:176 arg1 Hungary 266:272 Hungary 266:272 Hungary 266:272 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated TSL3T, was isolated from faeces of a porcupine, Hystrix indica, from the Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden, Hungary. 28853684 2 26 attach isolated 169:176 arg2 bacterium 136:144 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium 114:144 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium 114:144 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated TSL3T, was isolated from faeces of a porcupine, Hystrix indica, from the Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden, Hungary. 28853684 2 26 attach isolated 169:176 arg1 faeces 183:188 faeces 183:188 faeces of a porcupine, Hystrix indica 183:219 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated TSL3T, was isolated from faeces of a porcupine, Hystrix indica, from the Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden, Hungary. 28853684 2 26 attach isolated 169:176 arg1 Zoo 240:242 Zoo 240:242 Zoo 240:242 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated TSL3T, was isolated from faeces of a porcupine, Hystrix indica, from the Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden, Hungary. 28853684 0 27 theme Micrococcoides 0:13 arg1 nov. 30:33 Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov. 0:33 Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov. 0:33 Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov., sp. 28853684 8 28 theme A4alpha 998:1004 arg1 l-Lys 1006:1010 the peptidoglycan structure A4alpha l-Lys 970:1010 the peptidoglycan structure A4alpha l-Lys 970:1010 Strain TSL3T showed the peptidoglycan structure A4alpha l-Lys - Gly - l-Glu. 28853684 8 29 theme Strain 950:955 arg1 TSL3T 957:961 Strain TSL3T 950:961 Strain TSL3T 950:961 Strain TSL3T showed the peptidoglycan structure A4alpha l-Lys - Gly - l-Glu. 28853684 6 30 dep anteiso-C15  636:647 arg1 acids 625:629 The main fatty acids 610:629 The main fatty acids 610:629 The main fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (54.4 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.2 %) and iso C15 : 0 (9.7 %). 28853684 6 30 dep anteiso-C15  636:647 arg1  0 649:650  0 649:650  0 649:650 The main fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (54.4 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.2 %) and iso C15 : 0 (9.7 %). 28853684 6 30 dep anteiso-C15  636:647 arg1 % 658:658 54.4 % 653:658 54.4 % 653:658 The main fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (54.4 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.2 %) and iso C15 : 0 (9.7 %). 28853684 6 30 dep anteiso-C15  636:647 arg1 anteiso-C15  636:647 anteiso-C15  636:647 anteiso-C15  636:647 The main fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (54.4 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.2 %) and iso C15 : 0 (9.7 %). 28853684 13 31 theme 29785T=NCAIM 1429:1440 arg1 02604T 1445:1450 =DSM 29785T=NCAIM B. 02604T 1424:1450 =DSM 29785T=NCAIM B. 02604T 1424:1450 The type strain is TSL3T (=DSM 29785T=NCAIM B. 02604T). 28853684 13 31 theme 29785T=NCAIM 1429:1440 arg1 TSL3T 1417:1421 TSL3T 1417:1421 TSL3T (=DSM 29785T=NCAIM B. 02604T) 1417:1451 The type strain is TSL3T (=DSM 29785T=NCAIM B. 02604T). 28853684 6 32 theme main 614:617 arg1 acids 625:629 The main fatty acids 610:629 The main fatty acids 610:629 The main fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (54.4 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.2 %) and iso C15 : 0 (9.7 %). 28853684 6 32 theme main 614:617 arg1  0 649:650  0 649:650  0 649:650 The main fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (54.4 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.2 %) and iso C15 : 0 (9.7 %). 28853684 6 32 theme main 614:617 arg1 anteiso-C15  636:647 anteiso-C15  636:647 anteiso-C15  636:647 The main fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (54.4 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.2 %) and iso C15 : 0 (9.7 %). 28853684 3 33 theme family 370:375 arg1 Micrococcaceae 377:390 the family Micrococcaceae 366:390 the family Micrococcaceae 366:390 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain is phylogenetically related to the family Micrococcaceae. 28853684 3 34 theme analysis 314:321 arg1 strain 328:333 the strain 324:333 the strain 324:333 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain is phylogenetically related to the family Micrococcaceae. 28853684 3 34 theme analysis 314:321 arg1 related 355:361 related 355:361 related 355:361 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain is phylogenetically related to the family Micrococcaceae. 28853684 7 35 theme polar 748:752 arg1 profile 760:766 the polar lipid profile 744:766 the polar lipid profile 744:766 The major menaquinone was MK-7, and the polar lipid profile included phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, dimannosylglyceride, trimannosyldiacylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, three unknown phospholipids and two unknown glycolipids. 28853684 7 36 theme lipid 754:758 arg1 profile 760:766 the polar lipid profile 744:766 the polar lipid profile 744:766 The major menaquinone was MK-7, and the polar lipid profile included phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, dimannosylglyceride, trimannosyldiacylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, three unknown phospholipids and two unknown glycolipids. 28853684 1 37 theme family 68:73 arg1 Micrococcaceae 75:88 the family Micrococcaceae 64:88 the family Micrococcaceae 64:88 nov., a novel member of the family Micrococcaceae, phylum Actinobacteria. 28853684 10 38 theme other 1199:1203 arg1 genera 1205:1210 other genera 1199:1210 other genera in the family Micrococcaceae 1199:1239 Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation clearly showed that strain TSL3T could be differerentiated from the members of other genera in the family Micrococcaceae. 28853684 0 39 theme gen. 25:28 arg1 nov. 30:33 Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov. 0:33 Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov. 0:33 Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov., sp. 28853684 4 40 theme Arthrobacter 502:513 arg1 KV-653T 524:530 Arthrobacter humicola KV-653T 502:530 Arthrobacter humicola KV-653T (96.43 %) 502:540 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found with Micrococcus terreus V3M1T (96.50 %) followed by Arthrobacter humicola KV-653T (96.43 %). 28853684 4 40 theme Arthrobacter 502:513 arg1 % 539:539 96.43 % 533:539 96.43 % 533:539 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found with Micrococcus terreus V3M1T (96.50 %) followed by Arthrobacter humicola KV-653T (96.43 %). 28853684 4 41 theme highest 397:403 arg1 similarity 428:437 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:437 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:437 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found with Micrococcus terreus V3M1T (96.50 %) followed by Arthrobacter humicola KV-653T (96.43 %). 28853684 1 42 theme Micrococcaceae 75:88 arg1 member 54:59 a novel member 46:59 a novel member of the family Micrococcaceae 46:88 nov., a novel member of the family Micrococcaceae, phylum Actinobacteria. 28853684 1 42 theme Micrococcaceae 75:88 arg1 nov. 40:43 nov. 40:43 nov. 40:43 nov., a novel member of the family Micrococcaceae, phylum Actinobacteria. 28853684 10 43 theme genera 1205:1210 arg1 members 1188:1194 the members 1184:1194 the members of other genera in the family Micrococcaceae 1184:1239 Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation clearly showed that strain TSL3T could be differerentiated from the members of other genera in the family Micrococcaceae. 28853684 8 44 theme structure 988:996 arg1 l-Lys 1006:1010 the peptidoglycan structure A4alpha l-Lys 970:1010 the peptidoglycan structure A4alpha l-Lys 970:1010 Strain TSL3T showed the peptidoglycan structure A4alpha l-Lys - Gly - l-Glu. 28853684 10 45 theme Phenotypic 1078:1087 arg1 characterisation 1103:1118 Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation 1078:1118 Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation 1078:1118 Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation clearly showed that strain TSL3T could be differerentiated from the members of other genera in the family Micrococcaceae. 28853684 2 46 theme Hystrix 206:212 arg1 porcupine 195:203 a porcupine 193:203 a porcupine 193:203 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated TSL3T, was isolated from faeces of a porcupine, Hystrix indica, from the Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden, Hungary. 28853684 2 46 theme Hystrix 206:212 arg1 indica 214:219 Hystrix indica 206:219 Hystrix indica 206:219 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated TSL3T, was isolated from faeces of a porcupine, Hystrix indica, from the Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden, Hungary. 28853684 11 47 theme gen. 1365:1368 arg1 nov. 1370:1373 the name Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov. 1331:1373 the name Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov. 1331:1373 According to these results, strain TSL3T represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov., sp. 28853684 8 48 theme peptidoglycan 974:986 arg1 l-Lys 1006:1010 the peptidoglycan structure A4alpha l-Lys 970:1010 the peptidoglycan structure A4alpha l-Lys 970:1010 Strain TSL3T showed the peptidoglycan structure A4alpha l-Lys - Gly - l-Glu. 28853684 4 49 theme rRNA 409:412 arg1 similarity 428:437 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:437 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:437 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found with Micrococcus terreus V3M1T (96.50 %) followed by Arthrobacter humicola KV-653T (96.43 %). 28853684 4 50 dep Micrococcus 454:464 arg1 terreus 466:472 terreus 466:472 terreus 466:472 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found with Micrococcus terreus V3M1T (96.50 %) followed by Arthrobacter humicola KV-653T (96.43 %). 28853684 4 51 theme 16S 405:407 arg1 similarity 428:437 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:437 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 393:437 The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found with Micrococcus terreus V3M1T (96.50 %) followed by Arthrobacter humicola KV-653T (96.43 %). 28853684 0 52 dep sp 36:37 arg1 nov. 30:33 Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov. 0:33 Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov. 0:33 Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov., sp. 28853684 7 53 theme unknown 899:905 arg1 phospholipids 907:919 three unknown phospholipids 893:919 three unknown phospholipids 893:919 The major menaquinone was MK-7, and the polar lipid profile included phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, dimannosylglyceride, trimannosyldiacylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, three unknown phospholipids and two unknown glycolipids. 28853684 7 54 theme unknown 929:935 arg1 glycolipids 937:947 two unknown glycolipids 925:947 two unknown glycolipids 925:947 The major menaquinone was MK-7, and the polar lipid profile included phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, dimannosylglyceride, trimannosyldiacylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, three unknown phospholipids and two unknown glycolipids. 28853684 1 55 theme phylum 91:96 arg1 Actinobacteria 98:111 phylum Actinobacteria 91:111 phylum Actinobacteria 91:111 nov., a novel member of the family Micrococcaceae, phylum Actinobacteria. 28853684 6 56 dep  0 649:650 arg1 % 704:704 9.7 % 700:704 9.7 % 700:704 The main fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (54.4 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.2 %) and iso C15 : 0 (9.7 %). 28853684 6 56 dep  0 649:650 arg1  0 671:672  0 671:672  0 671:672 The main fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (54.4 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.2 %) and iso C15 : 0 (9.7 %). 28853684 6 56 dep  0 649:650 arg1 % 680:680 18.2 % 675:680 18.2 % 675:680 The main fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (54.4 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.2 %) and iso C15 : 0 (9.7 %). 28853684 6 56 dep  0 649:650 arg1 iso 687:689 iso 687:689 iso C15 : 0 687:697 The main fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (54.4 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.2 %) and iso C15 : 0 (9.7 %). 28853684 9 57 theme TSL3T 1057:1061 arg1 content 1039:1045 The DNA G+C content 1027:1045 The DNA G+C content of strain TSL3T 1027:1061 The DNA G+C content of strain TSL3T was 58.4 mol%. 28853684 9 57 theme TSL3T 1057:1061 arg1 % 1075:1075 58.4 mol% 1067:1075 58.4 mol% 1067:1075 The DNA G+C content of strain TSL3T was 58.4 mol%. 28853684 13 58 theme B. 1442:1443 arg1 02604T 1445:1450 =DSM 29785T=NCAIM B. 02604T 1424:1450 =DSM 29785T=NCAIM B. 02604T 1424:1450 The type strain is TSL3T (=DSM 29785T=NCAIM B. 02604T). 28853684 13 58 theme B. 1442:1443 arg1 TSL3T 1417:1421 TSL3T 1417:1421 TSL3T (=DSM 29785T=NCAIM B. 02604T) 1417:1451 The type strain is TSL3T (=DSM 29785T=NCAIM B. 02604T). 28853684 10 59 from members 1188:1194 arg1 Micrococcaceae 1226:1239 the family Micrococcaceae 1215:1239 the family Micrococcaceae 1215:1239 Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation clearly showed that strain TSL3T could be differerentiated from the members of other genera in the family Micrococcaceae. 28853684 9 60 theme DNA 1031:1033 arg1 content 1039:1045 The DNA G+C content 1027:1045 The DNA G+C content of strain TSL3T 1027:1061 The DNA G+C content of strain TSL3T was 58.4 mol%. 28853684 9 60 theme DNA 1031:1033 arg1 % 1075:1075 58.4 mol% 1067:1075 58.4 mol% 1067:1075 The DNA G+C content of strain TSL3T was 58.4 mol%. 28853684 11 61 theme Micrococcoides 1340:1353 arg1 nov. 1370:1373 the name Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov. 1331:1373 the name Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov. 1331:1373 According to these results, strain TSL3T represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov., sp. 28853684 11 62 theme hystricis 1355:1363 arg1 nov. 1370:1373 the name Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov. 1331:1373 the name Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov. 1331:1373 According to these results, strain TSL3T represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov., sp. 28853684 11 63 theme strain 1270:1275 arg1 TSL3T 1277:1281 strain TSL3T 1270:1281 strain TSL3T 1270:1281 According to these results, strain TSL3T represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov., sp. 28853684 10 64 from genera 1205:1210 arg1 Micrococcaceae 1226:1239 the family Micrococcaceae 1215:1239 the family Micrococcaceae 1215:1239 Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation clearly showed that strain TSL3T could be differerentiated from the members of other genera in the family Micrococcaceae. 28853684 9 65 theme G+C 1035:1037 arg1 content 1039:1045 The DNA G+C content 1027:1045 The DNA G+C content of strain TSL3T 1027:1061 The DNA G+C content of strain TSL3T was 58.4 mol%. 28853684 9 65 theme G+C 1035:1037 arg1 % 1075:1075 58.4 mol% 1067:1075 58.4 mol% 1067:1075 The DNA G+C content of strain TSL3T was 58.4 mol%. 28853684 2 66 dep Zoo 240:242 arg1 the 227:229 the 227:229 the 227:229 A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated TSL3T, was isolated from faeces of a porcupine, Hystrix indica, from the Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden, Hungary. 28853684 10 67 theme genotypic 1093:1101 arg1 characterisation 1103:1118 Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation 1078:1118 Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation 1078:1118 Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation clearly showed that strain TSL3T could be differerentiated from the members of other genera in the family Micrococcaceae. 28853684 13 68 theme type 1402:1405 arg1 TSL3T 1417:1421 TSL3T 1417:1421 TSL3T (=DSM 29785T=NCAIM B. 02604T) 1417:1451 The type strain is TSL3T (=DSM 29785T=NCAIM B. 02604T). 28853684 13 68 theme type 1402:1405 arg1 strain 1407:1412 The type strain 1398:1412 The type strain 1398:1412 The type strain is TSL3T (=DSM 29785T=NCAIM B. 02604T). 28853684 11 69 theme name 1335:1338 arg1 nov. 1370:1373 the name Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov. 1331:1373 the name Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov. 1331:1373 According to these results, strain TSL3T represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Micrococcoides hystricis gen. nov., sp. 28714845 4 0 theme lipase 630:635 arg1 activities 648:657 oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities 557:657 oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities 557:657 AK61T was positive for amylase activity and negative for oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities. 28714845 3 1 with yellowish 365:373 arg1 margins 398:404 entire margins 391:404 entire margins 391:404 Colonies were circular, 1.5 mm in diameter, shiny, smooth, yellowish and convex with entire margins after 48 h growth at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 15-42 °C, with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6-9. 28714845 4 2 theme catalase 566:573 arg1 activities 648:657 oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities 557:657 oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities 557:657 AK61T was positive for amylase activity and negative for oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities. 28714845 2 3 theme sediment 243:250 arg1 sample 252:257 a sediment sample 241:257 a sediment sample collected from Coringa mangrove forest, India 241:303 A facultatively anaerobic, endospore forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain AK61T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Coringa mangrove forest, India. 28714845 4 4 theme aesculinase 576:586 arg1 activities 648:657 oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities 557:657 oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities 557:657 AK61T was positive for amylase activity and negative for oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities. 28714845 5 5 theme high 761:764 arg1 abundance 766:774 a high abundance 759:774 a high abundance of iso-C14  759:786 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 5 6 theme anteiso- 723:730 arg1 acids 748:752 anteiso- saturated fatty acids 723:752 anteiso- saturated fatty acids 723:752 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 12 7 theme 31087T=MTCC 1768:1778 arg1 33872T 1792:1797 =JCM 31087T=MTCC 12015T=KCTC 33872T 1763:1797 =JCM 31087T=MTCC 12015T=KCTC 33872T 1763:1797 The type strain is AK61T (=JCM 31087T=MTCC 12015T=KCTC 33872T). 28714845 12 7 theme 31087T=MTCC 1768:1778 arg1 AK61T 1756:1760 AK61T 1756:1760 AK61T (=JCM 31087T=MTCC 12015T=KCTC 33872T) 1756:1798 The type strain is AK61T (=JCM 31087T=MTCC 12015T=KCTC 33872T). 28714845 4 8 theme oxidase 557:563 arg1 activities 648:657 oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities 557:657 oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities 557:657 AK61T was positive for amylase activity and negative for oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities. 28714845 8 9 dep % 1413:1413 arg1 97.69 1397:1401 97.69 1397:1401 97.69 1397:1401 The results of a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus cibi and Bacillus indicus were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively. 28714845 8 9 dep % 1413:1413 arg1 97.55  1407:1412 97.55  1407:1412 97.55  1407:1412 The results of a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus cibi and Bacillus indicus were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively. 28714845 5 10 theme fatty 742:746 arg1 acids 748:752 anteiso- saturated fatty acids 723:752 anteiso- saturated fatty acids 723:752 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 4 11 theme DNase 611:615 arg1 activities 648:657 oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities 557:657 oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities 557:657 AK61T was positive for amylase activity and negative for oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities. 28714845 4 12 theme gelatinase 618:627 arg1 activities 648:657 oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities 557:657 oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities 557:657 AK61T was positive for amylase activity and negative for oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities. 28714845 8 13 theme similarity 1214:1223 arg1 search 1225:1230 a blast sequence similarity search 1197:1230 a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 1197:1263 The results of a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus cibi and Bacillus indicus were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively. 28714845 5 14 theme diagnostic 908:917 arg1 acid 927:930 the diagnostic diamino acid 904:930 the diagnostic diamino acid 904:930 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 5 14 theme diagnostic 908:917 arg1 acid 896:899 meso-diaminopimelic acid 876:899 meso-diaminopimelic acid 876:899 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 4 15 theme caseinase 589:597 arg1 activities 648:657 oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities 557:657 oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities 557:657 AK61T was positive for amylase activity and negative for oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities. 28714845 2 16 attach isolated 227:234 arg2 bacterium 187:195 A facultatively anaerobic, endospore forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacterium 84:195 A facultatively anaerobic, endospore forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacterium 84:195 A facultatively anaerobic, endospore forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain AK61T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Coringa mangrove forest, India. 28714845 2 16 attach isolated 227:234 arg1 sample 252:257 a sediment sample 241:257 a sediment sample collected from Coringa mangrove forest, India 241:303 A facultatively anaerobic, endospore forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain AK61T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Coringa mangrove forest, India. 28714845 8 17 theme nearest 1324:1330 arg1 neighbours 1345:1354 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 1320:1354 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 1320:1354 The results of a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus cibi and Bacillus indicus were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively. 28714845 8 17 theme nearest 1324:1330 arg1 cibi 1289:1292 Bacillus cibi 1280:1292 Bacillus cibi 1280:1292 The results of a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus cibi and Bacillus indicus were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively. 28714845 8 17 theme nearest 1324:1330 arg1 indicus 1307:1313 Bacillus indicus 1298:1313 Bacillus indicus 1298:1313 The results of a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus cibi and Bacillus indicus were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively. 28714845 4 18 theme cellulase 600:608 arg1 activities 648:657 oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities 557:657 oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities 557:657 AK61T was positive for amylase activity and negative for oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities. 28714845 5 19 theme fatty 664:668 arg1 acids 670:674 The fatty acids 660:674 The fatty acids 660:674 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 3 20 from diameter 340:347 arg1 1.5 mm 330:335 1.5 mm 330:335 1.5 mm 330:335 Colonies were circular, 1.5 mm in diameter, shiny, smooth, yellowish and convex with entire margins after 48 h growth at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 15-42 °C, with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6-9. 28714845 1 21 theme sediment 44:51 arg1 sample 53:58 a sediment sample 42:58 a sediment sample from a mangrove forest 42:81 nov., isolated from a sediment sample from a mangrove forest. 28714845 10 22 dep characteristics 1578:1592 arg1 the 1550:1552 the 1550:1552 the 1550:1552 On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, AK61T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus mangrovi sp. 28714845 10 22 dep characteristics 1578:1592 arg1 basis 1554:1558 basis 1554:1558 basis 1554:1558 On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, AK61T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus mangrovi sp. 28714845 3 23 theme entire 391:396 arg1 margins 398:404 entire margins 391:404 entire margins 391:404 Colonies were circular, 1.5 mm in diameter, shiny, smooth, yellowish and convex with entire margins after 48 h growth at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 15-42 °C, with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6-9. 28714845 5 24 theme major 950:954 arg1  0 801:802  0 801:802  0 801:802 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 5 24 theme major 950:954 arg1 menaquinone 956:966 the major menaquinone 946:966 the major menaquinone 946:966 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 5 24 theme major 950:954 arg1 iso-C15  792:799 iso-C15  792:799 iso-C15  792:799 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 5 24 theme major 950:954 arg1  0 788:789  0 788:789  0 788:789 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 5 24 theme major 950:954 arg1 MK-7 937:940 MK-7 937:940 MK-7 937:940 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 8 25 theme pair-wise 1364:1372 arg1 similarity 1383:1392 a pair-wise sequence similarity 1362:1392 a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively 1362:1426 The results of a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus cibi and Bacillus indicus were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively. 28714845 8 26 theme blast 1199:1203 arg1 search 1225:1230 a blast sequence similarity search 1197:1230 a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 1197:1263 The results of a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus cibi and Bacillus indicus were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively. 28714845 0 27 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 18:19 Bacillus mangrovi sp 0:19 Bacillus mangrovi sp. 0:20 Bacillus mangrovi sp. 28714845 1 28 theme mangrove 67:74 arg1 forest 76:81 a mangrove forest 65:81 a mangrove forest 65:81 nov., isolated from a sediment sample from a mangrove forest. 28714845 4 29 theme urease 641:646 arg1 activities 648:657 oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities 557:657 oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities 557:657 AK61T was positive for amylase activity and negative for oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities. 28714845 3 30 theme 0-3  468:471 arg1 NaCl 480:483 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl 468:483 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl 468:483 Colonies were circular, 1.5 mm in diameter, shiny, smooth, yellowish and convex with entire margins after 48 h growth at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 15-42 °C, with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6-9. 28714845 3 31 theme % 472:472 arg1 NaCl 480:483 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl 468:483 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl 468:483 Colonies were circular, 1.5 mm in diameter, shiny, smooth, yellowish and convex with entire margins after 48 h growth at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 15-42 °C, with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6-9. 28714845 10 32 theme Bacillus 1697:1704 arg1 sp 1715:1716 the name Bacillus mangrovi sp 1688:1716 the name Bacillus mangrovi sp 1688:1716 On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, AK61T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus mangrovi sp. 28714845 7 33 theme G+C 1148:1150 arg1 content 1152:1158 The DNA G+C content 1140:1158 The DNA G+C content of AK61T 1140:1167 The DNA G+C content of AK61T was 44 mol%. 28714845 7 33 theme G+C 1148:1150 arg1 % 1179:1179 44 mol% 1173:1179 44 mol% 1173:1179 The DNA G+C content of AK61T was 44 mol%. 28714845 3 34 dep circular 320:327 arg1 shiny 350:354 shiny 350:354 shiny 350:354 Colonies were circular, 1.5 mm in diameter, shiny, smooth, yellowish and convex with entire margins after 48 h growth at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 15-42 °C, with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6-9. 28714845 3 34 dep circular 320:327 arg1 1.5 mm 330:335 1.5 mm 330:335 1.5 mm 330:335 Colonies were circular, 1.5 mm in diameter, shiny, smooth, yellowish and convex with entire margins after 48 h growth at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 15-42 °C, with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6-9. 28714845 3 34 dep circular 320:327 arg1 smooth 357:362 smooth 357:362 smooth 357:362 Colonies were circular, 1.5 mm in diameter, shiny, smooth, yellowish and convex with entire margins after 48 h growth at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 15-42 °C, with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6-9. 28714845 8 35 theme 16S 1241:1243 arg1 sequences 1255:1263 16S rRNA gene sequences 1241:1263 16S rRNA gene sequences 1241:1263 The results of a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus cibi and Bacillus indicus were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively. 28714845 9 36 theme phylogenetic 1444:1455 arg1 analysis 1457:1464 phylogenetic analysis 1444:1464 phylogenetic analysis 1444:1464 The results of phylogenetic analysis indicated that AK61T was clustered with Bacillus idriensis and Bacillus indicus. 28714845 8 37 theme  respectively 1414:1426 arg1 similarity 1383:1392 a pair-wise sequence similarity 1362:1392 a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively 1362:1426 The results of a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus cibi and Bacillus indicus were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively. 28714845 5 38 with acids 748:752 arg1 abundance 766:774 a high abundance 759:774 a high abundance of iso-C14  759:786 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 8 39 theme gene 1250:1253 arg1 sequences 1255:1263 16S rRNA gene sequences 1241:1263 16S rRNA gene sequences 1241:1263 The results of a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus cibi and Bacillus indicus were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively. 28714845 3 40 theme 30 °C. 427:432 arg1 Growth 434:439 30 °C. Growth 427:439 30 °C. Growth 427:439 Colonies were circular, 1.5 mm in diameter, shiny, smooth, yellowish and convex with entire margins after 48 h growth at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 15-42 °C, with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6-9. 28714845 5 41 contain contained 866:874 arg2 acid 896:899 meso-diaminopimelic acid 876:899 meso-diaminopimelic acid 876:899 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 5 41 contain contained 866:874 arg2 acid 927:930 the diagnostic diamino acid 904:930 the diagnostic diamino acid 904:930 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 5 41 contain contained 866:874 arg1 peptidoglycan 852:864 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 838:864 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 838:864 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 5 42 theme cell-wall 842:850 arg1 peptidoglycan 852:864 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 838:864 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 838:864 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 4 43 theme amylase 523:529 arg1 activity 531:538 amylase activity 523:538 amylase activity 523:538 AK61T was positive for amylase activity and negative for oxidase, catalase, aesculinase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase, lipase and urease activities. 28714845 2 44 theme anaerobic 100:108 arg1 bacterium 187:195 A facultatively anaerobic, endospore forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacterium 84:195 A facultatively anaerobic, endospore forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacterium 84:195 A facultatively anaerobic, endospore forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain AK61T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Coringa mangrove forest, India. 28714845 3 45 theme w/v 475:477 arg1 NaCl 480:483 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl 468:483 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl 468:483 Colonies were circular, 1.5 mm in diameter, shiny, smooth, yellowish and convex with entire margins after 48 h growth at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 15-42 °C, with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6-9. 28714845 5 46 dep  0 801:802 arg1 contained 866:874 contained 866:874 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid 866:930 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 5 46 dep  0 801:802 arg1  0 834:835  0 834:835  0 834:835 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 5 46 dep  0 801:802 arg1 iso-C16  825:832 iso-C16  825:832 iso-C16  825:832 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 5 46 dep  0 801:802 arg1  0 818:819  0 818:819  0 818:819 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 10 47 theme phylogenetic 1598:1609 arg1 inference 1611:1619 phylogenetic inference 1598:1619 phylogenetic inference 1598:1619 On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, AK61T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus mangrovi sp. 28714845 6 48 theme MTCC 1026:1029 arg1 4374T 1031:1035 Bacillus indicus MTCC 4374T 1009:1035 Bacillus indicus MTCC 4374T 1009:1035 DNA-DNA hybridization between AK61T and Bacillus indicus MTCC 4374T and between AK61T and Bacillus indicus KCTC 3880 showed relatedness of 37.99 and 33.32 % respectively. 28714845 6 49 theme 37.99 1108:1112 arg1 37.99 1108:1112 37.99 1108:1112 37.99 1108:1112 DNA-DNA hybridization between AK61T and Bacillus indicus MTCC 4374T and between AK61T and Bacillus indicus KCTC 3880 showed relatedness of 37.99 and 33.32 % respectively. 28714845 6 49 theme 37.99 1108:1112 arg1 % 1124:1124 33.32 % 1118:1124 33.32 % respectively 1118:1137 DNA-DNA hybridization between AK61T and Bacillus indicus MTCC 4374T and between AK61T and Bacillus indicus KCTC 3880 showed relatedness of 37.99 and 33.32 % respectively. 28714845 6 49 theme 37.99 1108:1112 arg1 relatedness 1093:1103 relatedness 1093:1103 relatedness of 37.99 1093:1112 DNA-DNA hybridization between AK61T and Bacillus indicus MTCC 4374T and between AK61T and Bacillus indicus KCTC 3880 showed relatedness of 37.99 and 33.32 % respectively. 28714845 3 50 from Growth 434:439 arg1 growth 417:422 48 h growth 412:422 48 h growth at 30 °C. Growth 412:439 Colonies were circular, 1.5 mm in diameter, shiny, smooth, yellowish and convex with entire margins after 48 h growth at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 15-42 °C, with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6-9. 28714845 10 51 theme novel 1641:1645 arg1 species 1647:1653 a novel species 1639:1653 a novel species 1639:1653 On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, AK61T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus mangrovi sp. 28714845 5 52 with iso- 714:717 arg1 abundance 766:774 a high abundance 759:774 a high abundance of iso-C14  759:786 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 6 53 dep Bacillus 1009:1016 arg1 indicus 1018:1024 indicus 1018:1024 indicus 1018:1024 DNA-DNA hybridization between AK61T and Bacillus indicus MTCC 4374T and between AK61T and Bacillus indicus KCTC 3880 showed relatedness of 37.99 and 33.32 % respectively. 28714845 6 54 theme Bacillus 1009:1016 arg1 4374T 1031:1035 Bacillus indicus MTCC 4374T 1009:1035 Bacillus indicus MTCC 4374T 1009:1035 DNA-DNA hybridization between AK61T and Bacillus indicus MTCC 4374T and between AK61T and Bacillus indicus KCTC 3880 showed relatedness of 37.99 and 33.32 % respectively. 28714845 5 55 with types 703:707 arg1 acids 748:752 anteiso- saturated fatty acids 723:752 anteiso- saturated fatty acids 723:752 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 5 55 with types 703:707 arg1 iso- 714:717 iso- 714:717 iso- 714:717 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 8 56 dep  respectively 1414:1426 arg1 % 1413:1413 % 1413:1413 % 1413:1413 The results of a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus cibi and Bacillus indicus were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively. 28714845 10 57 theme genus 1662:1666 arg1 species 1647:1653 a novel species 1639:1653 a novel species 1639:1653 On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, AK61T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus mangrovi sp. 28714845 5 58 theme saturated 732:740 arg1 acids 748:752 anteiso- saturated fatty acids 723:752 anteiso- saturated fatty acids 723:752 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 12 59 theme =JCM 1763:1766 arg1 33872T 1792:1797 =JCM 31087T=MTCC 12015T=KCTC 33872T 1763:1797 =JCM 31087T=MTCC 12015T=KCTC 33872T 1763:1797 The type strain is AK61T (=JCM 31087T=MTCC 12015T=KCTC 33872T). 28714845 12 59 theme =JCM 1763:1766 arg1 AK61T 1756:1760 AK61T 1756:1760 AK61T (=JCM 31087T=MTCC 12015T=KCTC 33872T) 1756:1798 The type strain is AK61T (=JCM 31087T=MTCC 12015T=KCTC 33872T). 28714845 2 60 dep anaerobic 100:108 arg1 rod-shaped 176:185 rod-shaped 176:185 rod-shaped 176:185 A facultatively anaerobic, endospore forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain AK61T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Coringa mangrove forest, India. 28714845 2 60 dep anaerobic 100:108 arg1 forming 121:127 forming 121:127 forming 121:127 A facultatively anaerobic, endospore forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain AK61T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Coringa mangrove forest, India. 28714845 2 60 dep anaerobic 100:108 arg1 motile 168:173 motile 168:173 motile 168:173 A facultatively anaerobic, endospore forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain AK61T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Coringa mangrove forest, India. 28714845 2 60 dep anaerobic 100:108 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 147:165 Gram-stain-positive 147:165 Gram-stain-positive 147:165 A facultatively anaerobic, endospore forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain AK61T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Coringa mangrove forest, India. 28714845 2 60 dep anaerobic 100:108 arg1 alkali-tolerant 130:144 alkali-tolerant 130:144 alkali-tolerant 130:144 A facultatively anaerobic, endospore forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain AK61T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Coringa mangrove forest, India. 28714845 3 61 with convex 379:384 arg1 margins 398:404 entire margins 391:404 entire margins 391:404 Colonies were circular, 1.5 mm in diameter, shiny, smooth, yellowish and convex with entire margins after 48 h growth at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 15-42 °C, with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6-9. 28714845 2 62 theme strain 209:214 arg1 AK61T 216:220 strain AK61T 209:220 strain AK61T 209:220 A facultatively anaerobic, endospore forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain AK61T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Coringa mangrove forest, India. 28714845 12 63 theme 12015T=KCTC 1780:1790 arg1 33872T 1792:1797 =JCM 31087T=MTCC 12015T=KCTC 33872T 1763:1797 =JCM 31087T=MTCC 12015T=KCTC 33872T 1763:1797 The type strain is AK61T (=JCM 31087T=MTCC 12015T=KCTC 33872T). 28714845 12 63 theme 12015T=KCTC 1780:1790 arg1 AK61T 1756:1760 AK61T 1756:1760 AK61T (=JCM 31087T=MTCC 12015T=KCTC 33872T) 1756:1798 The type strain is AK61T (=JCM 31087T=MTCC 12015T=KCTC 33872T). 28714845 6 64 theme KCTC 1076:1079 arg1 3880 1081:1084 Bacillus indicus KCTC 3880 1059:1084 Bacillus indicus KCTC 3880 1059:1084 DNA-DNA hybridization between AK61T and Bacillus indicus MTCC 4374T and between AK61T and Bacillus indicus KCTC 3880 showed relatedness of 37.99 and 33.32 % respectively. 28714845 6 65 theme Bacillus 1059:1066 arg1 3880 1081:1084 Bacillus indicus KCTC 3880 1059:1084 Bacillus indicus KCTC 3880 1059:1084 DNA-DNA hybridization between AK61T and Bacillus indicus MTCC 4374T and between AK61T and Bacillus indicus KCTC 3880 showed relatedness of 37.99 and 33.32 % respectively. 28714845 6 66 dep Bacillus 1059:1066 arg1 indicus 1068:1074 indicus 1068:1074 indicus 1068:1074 DNA-DNA hybridization between AK61T and Bacillus indicus MTCC 4374T and between AK61T and Bacillus indicus KCTC 3880 showed relatedness of 37.99 and 33.32 % respectively. 28714845 5 67 theme diamino 919:925 arg1 acid 927:930 the diagnostic diamino acid 904:930 the diagnostic diamino acid 904:930 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 5 67 theme diamino 919:925 arg1 acid 896:899 meso-diaminopimelic acid 876:899 meso-diaminopimelic acid 876:899 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 8 68 theme phylogenetic 1332:1343 arg1 neighbours 1345:1354 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 1320:1354 the nearest phylogenetic neighbours 1320:1354 The results of a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus cibi and Bacillus indicus were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively. 28714845 8 68 theme phylogenetic 1332:1343 arg1 cibi 1289:1292 Bacillus cibi 1280:1292 Bacillus cibi 1280:1292 The results of a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus cibi and Bacillus indicus were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively. 28714845 8 68 theme phylogenetic 1332:1343 arg1 indicus 1307:1313 Bacillus indicus 1298:1313 Bacillus indicus 1298:1313 The results of a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus cibi and Bacillus indicus were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively. 28714845 5 69 theme iso-C14  779:786 arg1 abundance 766:774 a high abundance 759:774 a high abundance of iso-C14  759:786 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 7 70 theme 44 mol 1173:1178 arg1 content 1152:1158 The DNA G+C content 1140:1158 The DNA G+C content of AK61T 1140:1167 The DNA G+C content of AK61T was 44 mol%. 28714845 7 70 theme 44 mol 1173:1178 arg1 % 1179:1179 44 mol% 1173:1179 44 mol% 1173:1179 The DNA G+C content of AK61T was 44 mol%. 28714845 8 71 theme sequence 1374:1381 arg1 similarity 1383:1392 a pair-wise sequence similarity 1362:1392 a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively 1362:1426 The results of a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus cibi and Bacillus indicus were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively. 28714845 8 72 with neighbours 1345:1354 arg1 similarity 1383:1392 a pair-wise sequence similarity 1362:1392 a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively 1362:1426 The results of a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus cibi and Bacillus indicus were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively. 28714845 5 73 theme branched 694:701 arg1 types 703:707 branched types 694:707 branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14  694:786 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 12 74 theme type 1741:1744 arg1 AK61T 1756:1760 AK61T 1756:1760 AK61T (=JCM 31087T=MTCC 12015T=KCTC 33872T) 1756:1798 The type strain is AK61T (=JCM 31087T=MTCC 12015T=KCTC 33872T). 28714845 12 74 theme type 1741:1744 arg1 strain 1746:1751 The type strain 1737:1751 The type strain 1737:1751 The type strain is AK61T (=JCM 31087T=MTCC 12015T=KCTC 33872T). 28714845 7 75 theme AK61T 1163:1167 arg1 content 1152:1158 The DNA G+C content 1140:1158 The DNA G+C content of AK61T 1140:1167 The DNA G+C content of AK61T was 44 mol%. 28714845 7 75 theme AK61T 1163:1167 arg1 % 1179:1179 44 mol% 1173:1179 44 mol% 1173:1179 The DNA G+C content of AK61T was 44 mol%. 28714845 2 76 dep forming 121:127 arg1 endospore 111:119 endospore 111:119 endospore 111:119 A facultatively anaerobic, endospore forming, alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain AK61T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Coringa mangrove forest, India. 28714845 10 77 theme mangrovi 1706:1713 arg1 sp 1715:1716 the name Bacillus mangrovi sp 1688:1716 the name Bacillus mangrovi sp 1688:1716 On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, AK61T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus mangrovi sp. 28714845 8 78 theme sequence 1205:1212 arg1 search 1225:1230 a blast sequence similarity search 1197:1230 a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 1197:1263 The results of a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus cibi and Bacillus indicus were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively. 28714845 10 79 dep genus 1662:1666 arg1 Bacillus 1668:1675 the genus Bacillus 1658:1675 the genus Bacillus 1658:1675 On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, AK61T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus mangrovi sp. 28714845 7 80 theme DNA 1144:1146 arg1 content 1152:1158 The DNA G+C content 1140:1158 The DNA G+C content of AK61T 1140:1167 The DNA G+C content of AK61T was 44 mol%. 28714845 7 80 theme DNA 1144:1146 arg1 % 1179:1179 44 mol% 1173:1179 44 mol% 1173:1179 The DNA G+C content of AK61T was 44 mol%. 28714845 10 81 theme name 1692:1695 arg1 sp 1715:1716 the name Bacillus mangrovi sp 1688:1716 the name Bacillus mangrovi sp 1688:1716 On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, AK61T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus mangrovi sp. 28714845 8 82 theme search 1225:1230 arg1 results 1186:1192 The results 1182:1192 The results of a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 1182:1263 The results of a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus cibi and Bacillus indicus were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively. 28714845 3 83 theme 48 h 412:415 arg1 growth 417:422 48 h growth 412:422 48 h growth at 30 °C. Growth 412:439 Colonies were circular, 1.5 mm in diameter, shiny, smooth, yellowish and convex with entire margins after 48 h growth at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 15-42 °C, with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6-9. 28714845 5 84 theme meso-diaminopimelic 876:894 arg1 acid 927:930 the diagnostic diamino acid 904:930 the diagnostic diamino acid 904:930 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 5 84 theme meso-diaminopimelic 876:894 arg1 acid 896:899 meso-diaminopimelic acid 876:899 meso-diaminopimelic acid 876:899 The fatty acids were dominated by branched types with iso- and anteiso- saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0; the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid; and MK-7 was the major menaquinone. 28714845 3 85 from 1.5 mm 330:335 arg1 diameter 340:347 diameter 340:347 diameter 340:347 Colonies were circular, 1.5 mm in diameter, shiny, smooth, yellowish and convex with entire margins after 48 h growth at 30 °C. Growth occurred at 15-42 °C, with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6-9. 28714845 1 86 from forest 76:81 arg1 sample 53:58 a sediment sample 42:58 a sediment sample from a mangrove forest 42:81 nov., isolated from a sediment sample from a mangrove forest. 28714845 9 87 theme analysis 1457:1464 arg1 results 1433:1439 The results 1429:1439 The results of phylogenetic analysis 1429:1464 The results of phylogenetic analysis indicated that AK61T was clustered with Bacillus idriensis and Bacillus indicus. 28714845 6 88 theme DNA-DNA 969:975 arg1 hybridization 977:989 DNA-DNA hybridization 969:989 DNA-DNA hybridization between AK61T and Bacillus indicus MTCC 4374T and between AK61T and Bacillus indicus KCTC 3880 969:1084 DNA-DNA hybridization between AK61T and Bacillus indicus MTCC 4374T and between AK61T and Bacillus indicus KCTC 3880 showed relatedness of 37.99 and 33.32 % respectively. 28714845 8 89 theme rRNA 1245:1248 arg1 sequences 1255:1263 16S rRNA gene sequences 1241:1263 16S rRNA gene sequences 1241:1263 The results of a blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus cibi and Bacillus indicus were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarity of 97.69 and 97.55 % respectively. 28714845 10 90 theme phenotypic 1567:1576 arg1 characteristics 1578:1592 its phenotypic characteristics 1563:1592 its phenotypic characteristics 1563:1592 On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, AK61T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus mangrovi sp. 28714845 0 91 theme mangrovi 9:16 arg1 sp 18:19 Bacillus mangrovi sp 0:19 Bacillus mangrovi sp. 0:20 Bacillus mangrovi sp. 27902236 8 0 theme Salinicoccus 994:1005 arg1 ZXM223T 1021:1027 Salinicoccus qingdaonensis ZXM223T 994:1027 Salinicoccus qingdaonensis ZXM223T (95.0 %) 994:1036 The two novel isolates shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Salinicoccus qingdaonensis ZXM223T (95.0 %). 27902236 8 0 theme Salinicoccus 994:1005 arg1 % 1035:1035 95.0 % 1030:1035 95.0 % 1030:1035 The two novel isolates shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Salinicoccus qingdaonensis ZXM223T (95.0 %). 27902236 4 1 theme type 577:580 arg1 A3α 582:584 the peptidoglycan type A3α 559:584 the peptidoglycan type A3α based on l-Lys-Gly3- 559:605 The menaquinone of strain 26D10-3-4T was MK-7 and the peptidoglycan type A3α based on l-Lys-Gly3-? 27902236 6 2 theme major 786:790 arg1 acids 798:802 the major fatty acids 782:802 the major fatty acids 782:802 The polar lipid profiles of strain 26D10-3-4T showed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified glycolipids, and the major fatty acids found were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902236 1 3 theme × 126:126 arg1 canker 141:146 Populus × euramericana canker 118:146 Populus × euramericana canker 118:146 nov., a member of the family Staphylococcaceae, isolated from symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker. 27902236 6 4 dep anteiso-C15  815:826 arg1  0 828:829  0 828:829  0 828:829 The polar lipid profiles of strain 26D10-3-4T showed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified glycolipids, and the major fatty acids found were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902236 6 4 dep anteiso-C15  815:826 arg1  0 841:842  0 841:842  0 841:842 The polar lipid profiles of strain 26D10-3-4T showed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified glycolipids, and the major fatty acids found were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902236 6 4 dep anteiso-C15  815:826 arg1  0 874:875  0 874:875  0 874:875 The polar lipid profiles of strain 26D10-3-4T showed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified glycolipids, and the major fatty acids found were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902236 6 4 dep anteiso-C15  815:826 arg1 anteiso-C17  861:872 anteiso-C17  861:872 anteiso-C17  861:872 The polar lipid profiles of strain 26D10-3-4T showed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified glycolipids, and the major fatty acids found were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902236 6 4 dep anteiso-C15  815:826 arg1  0 854:855  0 854:855  0 854:855 The polar lipid profiles of strain 26D10-3-4T showed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified glycolipids, and the major fatty acids found were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902236 6 5 theme unidentified 715:726 arg1 phospholipids 728:740 two unidentified phospholipids 711:740 two unidentified phospholipids 711:740 The polar lipid profiles of strain 26D10-3-4T showed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified glycolipids, and the major fatty acids found were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902236 1 6 theme euramericana 128:139 arg1 canker 141:146 Populus × euramericana canker 118:146 Populus × euramericana canker 118:146 nov., a member of the family Staphylococcaceae, isolated from symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker. 27902236 7 7 theme DNA 882:884 arg1 content 890:896 The DNA G+C content 878:896 The DNA G+C content 878:896 The DNA G+C content was 38.2 mol%. 27902236 7 7 theme DNA 882:884 arg1 % 910:910 38.2 mol% 902:910 38.2 mol% 902:910 The DNA G+C content was 38.2 mol%. 27902236 9 8 theme new 1139:1141 arg1 genus 1143:1147 a new genus 1137:1147 a new genus of the family Staphylococcaceae 1137:1179 Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, these two strains represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Staphylococcaceae; the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. 27902236 2 9 theme × 267:267 arg1 canker 282:287 Populus × euramericana canker 259:287 Populus × euramericana canker 259:287 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, bacterial strains were isolated from symptomatic bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27902236 4 10 theme 26D10-3-4T 535:544 arg1 menaquinone 513:523 The menaquinone 509:523 The menaquinone of strain 26D10-3-4T 509:544 The menaquinone of strain 26D10-3-4T was MK-7 and the peptidoglycan type A3α based on l-Lys-Gly3-? 27902236 4 10 theme 26D10-3-4T 535:544 arg1 MK-7 550:553 MK-7 550:553 MK-7 550:553 The menaquinone of strain 26D10-3-4T was MK-7 and the peptidoglycan type A3α based on l-Lys-Gly3-? 27902236 2 11 dep Gram-stain-positive 153:171 arg1 aerobic 174:180 aerobic 174:180 aerobic 174:180 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, bacterial strains were isolated from symptomatic bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27902236 2 11 dep Gram-stain-positive 153:171 arg1 bacterial 195:203 bacterial 195:203 bacterial 195:203 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, bacterial strains were isolated from symptomatic bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27902236 2 11 dep Gram-stain-positive 153:171 arg1 non-motile 183:192 non-motile 183:192 non-motile 183:192 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, bacterial strains were isolated from symptomatic bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27902236 9 12 theme genus 1143:1147 arg1 species 1126:1132 a novel species 1118:1132 a novel species of a new genus of the family Staphylococcaceae 1118:1179 Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, these two strains represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Staphylococcaceae; the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. 27902236 2 13 theme Populus 259:265 arg1 canker 282:287 Populus × euramericana canker 259:287 Populus × euramericana canker 259:287 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, bacterial strains were isolated from symptomatic bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27902236 3 14 theme pH 414:415 arg1 28-30 °C 404:411 28-30 °C 404:411 28-30 °C 404:411 The isolates were able to grow between 10 and 37 °C, at pH 6-10 and with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl The strains were found to be oxidase and catalase positive. 27902236 3 14 theme pH 414:415 arg1 7.0-8.0 417:423 pH 7.0-8.0 414:423 pH 7.0-8.0 414:423 The isolates were able to grow between 10 and 37 °C, at pH 6-10 and with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl The strains were found to be oxidase and catalase positive. 27902236 6 15 dep showed 658:663 arg1 found 804:808 found 804:808 showed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified glycolipids, and the major fatty acids found were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 658:875 The polar lipid profiles of strain 26D10-3-4T showed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified glycolipids, and the major fatty acids found were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902236 4 16 theme peptidoglycan 563:575 arg1 A3α 582:584 the peptidoglycan type A3α 559:584 the peptidoglycan type A3α based on l-Lys-Gly3- 559:605 The menaquinone of strain 26D10-3-4T was MK-7 and the peptidoglycan type A3α based on l-Lys-Gly3-? 27902236 8 17 dep Salinicoccus 994:1005 arg1 qingdaonensis 1007:1019 qingdaonensis 1007:1019 qingdaonensis 1007:1019 The two novel isolates shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Salinicoccus qingdaonensis ZXM223T (95.0 %). 27902236 3 18 theme 2  434:435 arg1 % 436:436 % 436:436 % 436:436 The isolates were able to grow between 10 and 37 °C, at pH 6-10 and with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl The strains were found to be oxidase and catalase positive. 27902236 1 19 theme canker 141:146 arg1 bark 110:113 symptomatic bark 98:113 symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker 98:146 nov., a member of the family Staphylococcaceae, isolated from symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker. 27902236 6 20 theme fatty 792:796 arg1 acids 798:802 the major fatty acids 782:802 the major fatty acids 782:802 The polar lipid profiles of strain 26D10-3-4T showed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified glycolipids, and the major fatty acids found were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902236 3 21 theme % 436:436 arg1 NaCl 444:447 2 % (w/v) NaCl 434:447 2 % (w/v) NaCl 434:447 The isolates were able to grow between 10 and 37 °C, at pH 6-10 and with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl The strains were found to be oxidase and catalase positive. 27902236 11 22 theme type 1249:1252 arg1 strain 1254:1259 The type strain 1245:1259 The type strain of the type species 1245:1279 The type strain of the type species is 26D10-3-4T (=CFCC 12725T=KCTC 33575T). 27902236 11 22 theme type 1249:1252 arg1 26D10-3-4T 1284:1293 26D10-3-4T 1284:1293 26D10-3-4T (=CFCC 12725T=KCTC 33575T) 1284:1320 The type strain of the type species is 26D10-3-4T (=CFCC 12725T=KCTC 33575T). 27902236 4 23 theme strain 528:533 arg1 26D10-3-4T 535:544 strain 26D10-3-4T 528:544 strain 26D10-3-4T 528:544 The menaquinone of strain 26D10-3-4T was MK-7 and the peptidoglycan type A3α based on l-Lys-Gly3-? 27902236 0 24 theme populi 14:19 arg1 nov. 26:29 Corticicoccus populi gen. nov. 0:29 Corticicoccus populi gen. nov. 0:29 Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. 27902236 3 25 from pH 346:347 arg1 able 308:311 able 308:311 able 308:311 The isolates were able to grow between 10 and 37 °C, at pH 6-10 and with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl The strains were found to be oxidase and catalase positive. 27902236 3 25 from pH 346:347 arg1 isolates 294:301 The isolates 290:301 The isolates 290:301 The isolates were able to grow between 10 and 37 °C, at pH 6-10 and with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl The strains were found to be oxidase and catalase positive. 27902236 9 26 theme phenotypic 1048:1057 arg1 characteristics 1073:1087 phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 1048:1087 phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 1048:1087 Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, these two strains represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Staphylococcaceae; the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. 27902236 8 27 theme highest 947:953 arg1 similarity 978:987 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 943:987 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 943:987 The two novel isolates shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Salinicoccus qingdaonensis ZXM223T (95.0 %). 27902236 3 28 theme % 367:367 arg1 NaCl 375:378 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl 363:378 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl 363:378 The isolates were able to grow between 10 and 37 °C, at pH 6-10 and with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl The strains were found to be oxidase and catalase positive. 27902236 0 29 theme Corticicoccus 0:12 arg1 nov. 26:29 Corticicoccus populi gen. nov. 0:29 Corticicoccus populi gen. nov. 0:29 Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. 27902236 9 30 theme Staphylococcaceae 1163:1179 arg1 genus 1143:1147 a new genus 1137:1147 a new genus of the family Staphylococcaceae 1137:1179 Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, these two strains represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Staphylococcaceae; the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. 27902236 9 31 theme novel 1120:1124 arg1 species 1126:1132 a novel species 1118:1132 a novel species of a new genus of the family Staphylococcaceae 1118:1179 Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, these two strains represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Staphylococcaceae; the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. 27902236 3 32 from 28-30 °C 404:411 arg1 growth 394:399 optimal growth 386:399 optimal growth at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 386:423 The isolates were able to grow between 10 and 37 °C, at pH 6-10 and with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl The strains were found to be oxidase and catalase positive. 27902236 1 33 theme family 58:63 arg1 Staphylococcaceae 65:81 the family Staphylococcaceae 54:81 the family Staphylococcaceae 54:81 nov., a member of the family Staphylococcaceae, isolated from symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker. 27902236 6 34 theme 26D10-3-4T 647:656 arg1 profiles 628:635 The polar lipid profiles 612:635 The polar lipid profiles of strain 26D10-3-4T 612:656 The polar lipid profiles of strain 26D10-3-4T showed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified glycolipids, and the major fatty acids found were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902236 2 35 theme canker 282:287 arg1 tissue 249:254 symptomatic bark tissue 232:254 symptomatic bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker 232:287 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, bacterial strains were isolated from symptomatic bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27902236 0 36 theme gen. 21:24 arg1 nov. 26:29 Corticicoccus populi gen. nov. 0:29 Corticicoccus populi gen. nov. 0:29 Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. 27902236 8 37 theme novel 921:925 arg1 isolates 927:934 The two novel isolates 913:934 The two novel isolates 913:934 The two novel isolates shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Salinicoccus qingdaonensis ZXM223T (95.0 %). 27902236 2 38 theme Gram-stain-positive 153:171 arg1 strains 205:211 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, bacterial strains 149:211 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, bacterial strains 149:211 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, bacterial strains were isolated from symptomatic bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27902236 2 39 theme euramericana 269:280 arg1 canker 282:287 Populus × euramericana canker 259:287 Populus × euramericana canker 259:287 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, bacterial strains were isolated from symptomatic bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27902236 11 40 theme type 1268:1271 arg1 species 1273:1279 the type species 1264:1279 the type species 1264:1279 The type strain of the type species is 26D10-3-4T (=CFCC 12725T=KCTC 33575T). 27902236 3 41 theme optimal 386:392 arg1 growth 394:399 optimal growth 386:399 optimal growth at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 386:423 The isolates were able to grow between 10 and 37 °C, at pH 6-10 and with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl The strains were found to be oxidase and catalase positive. 27902236 9 42 theme name 1186:1189 arg1 sp 1223:1224 sp 1223:1224 sp 1223:1224 Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, these two strains represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Staphylococcaceae; the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. 27902236 9 42 theme name 1186:1189 arg1 nov. 1217:1220 the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov. 1182:1220 the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov. 1182:1220 Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, these two strains represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Staphylococcaceae; the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. 27902236 3 43 dep % 367:367 arg1 w/v 370:372 w/v 370:372 w/v 370:372 The isolates were able to grow between 10 and 37 °C, at pH 6-10 and with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl The strains were found to be oxidase and catalase positive. 27902236 11 44 theme species 1273:1279 arg1 strain 1254:1259 The type strain 1245:1259 The type strain of the type species 1245:1279 The type strain of the type species is 26D10-3-4T (=CFCC 12725T=KCTC 33575T). 27902236 11 44 theme species 1273:1279 arg1 26D10-3-4T 1284:1293 26D10-3-4T 1284:1293 26D10-3-4T (=CFCC 12725T=KCTC 33575T) 1284:1320 The type strain of the type species is 26D10-3-4T (=CFCC 12725T=KCTC 33575T). 27902236 3 45 theme 0-4  363:366 arg1 % 367:367 % 367:367 % 367:367 The isolates were able to grow between 10 and 37 °C, at pH 6-10 and with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl The strains were found to be oxidase and catalase positive. 27902236 9 46 theme Corticicoccus 1191:1203 arg1 sp 1223:1224 sp 1223:1224 sp 1223:1224 Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, these two strains represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Staphylococcaceae; the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. 27902236 9 46 theme Corticicoccus 1191:1203 arg1 nov. 1217:1220 the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov. 1182:1220 the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov. 1182:1220 Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, these two strains represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Staphylococcaceae; the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. 27902236 12 47 theme additional 1326:1335 arg1 9-4-1 1362:1366 9-4-1 1362:1366 9-4-1 1362:1366 An additional strain of the species is 9-4-1. 27902236 12 47 theme additional 1326:1335 arg1 strain 1337:1342 An additional strain 1323:1342 An additional strain of the species 1323:1357 An additional strain of the species is 9-4-1. 27902236 6 48 dep found 804:808 arg1 anteiso-C15  815:826 anteiso-C15  815:826 anteiso-C15  815:826 The polar lipid profiles of strain 26D10-3-4T showed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified glycolipids, and the major fatty acids found were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902236 6 49 theme strain 640:645 arg1 26D10-3-4T 647:656 strain 26D10-3-4T 640:656 strain 26D10-3-4T 640:656 The polar lipid profiles of strain 26D10-3-4T showed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified glycolipids, and the major fatty acids found were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902236 9 50 theme populi 1205:1210 arg1 sp 1223:1224 sp 1223:1224 sp 1223:1224 Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, these two strains represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Staphylococcaceae; the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. 27902236 9 50 theme populi 1205:1210 arg1 nov. 1217:1220 the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov. 1182:1220 the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov. 1182:1220 Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, these two strains represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Staphylococcaceae; the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. 27902236 8 51 theme 16S 955:957 arg1 similarity 978:987 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 943:987 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 943:987 The two novel isolates shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Salinicoccus qingdaonensis ZXM223T (95.0 %). 27902236 0 52 dep sp 32:33 arg1 nov. 26:29 Corticicoccus populi gen. nov. 0:29 Corticicoccus populi gen. nov. 0:29 Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. 27902236 7 53 theme G+C 886:888 arg1 content 890:896 The DNA G+C content 878:896 The DNA G+C content 878:896 The DNA G+C content was 38.2 mol%. 27902236 7 53 theme G+C 886:888 arg1 % 910:910 38.2 mol% 902:910 38.2 mol% 902:910 The DNA G+C content was 38.2 mol%. 27902236 12 54 theme species 1351:1357 arg1 9-4-1 1362:1366 9-4-1 1362:1366 9-4-1 1362:1366 An additional strain of the species is 9-4-1. 27902236 12 54 theme species 1351:1357 arg1 strain 1337:1342 An additional strain 1323:1342 An additional strain of the species 1323:1357 An additional strain of the species is 9-4-1. 27902236 9 55 theme gen. 1212:1215 arg1 sp 1223:1224 sp 1223:1224 sp 1223:1224 Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, these two strains represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Staphylococcaceae; the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. 27902236 9 55 theme gen. 1212:1215 arg1 nov. 1217:1220 the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov. 1182:1220 the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov. 1182:1220 Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, these two strains represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Staphylococcaceae; the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. 27902236 7 56 theme mol 907:909 arg1 content 890:896 The DNA G+C content 878:896 The DNA G+C content 878:896 The DNA G+C content was 38.2 mol%. 27902236 7 56 theme mol 907:909 arg1 % 910:910 38.2 mol% 902:910 38.2 mol% 902:910 The DNA G+C content was 38.2 mol%. 27902236 6 57 theme unidentified 752:763 arg1 glycolipids 765:775 three unidentified glycolipids 746:775 three unidentified glycolipids 746:775 The polar lipid profiles of strain 26D10-3-4T showed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified glycolipids, and the major fatty acids found were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902236 3 58 dep % 436:436 arg1 w/v 439:441 w/v 439:441 w/v 439:441 The isolates were able to grow between 10 and 37 °C, at pH 6-10 and with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl The strains were found to be oxidase and catalase positive. 27902236 11 59 theme 12725T=KCTC 1302:1312 arg1 33575T 1314:1319 =CFCC 12725T=KCTC 33575T 1296:1319 =CFCC 12725T=KCTC 33575T 1296:1319 The type strain of the type species is 26D10-3-4T (=CFCC 12725T=KCTC 33575T). 27902236 11 59 theme 12725T=KCTC 1302:1312 arg1 26D10-3-4T 1284:1293 26D10-3-4T 1284:1293 26D10-3-4T (=CFCC 12725T=KCTC 33575T) 1284:1320 The type strain of the type species is 26D10-3-4T (=CFCC 12725T=KCTC 33575T). 27902236 9 60 theme genotypic 1063:1071 arg1 characteristics 1073:1087 phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 1048:1087 phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 1048:1087 Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, these two strains represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Staphylococcaceae; the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. 27902236 8 61 theme gene 964:967 arg1 similarity 978:987 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 943:987 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 943:987 The two novel isolates shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Salinicoccus qingdaonensis ZXM223T (95.0 %). 27902236 2 62 theme bark 244:247 arg1 tissue 249:254 symptomatic bark tissue 232:254 symptomatic bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker 232:287 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, bacterial strains were isolated from symptomatic bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27902236 6 63 theme lipid 622:626 arg1 profiles 628:635 The polar lipid profiles 612:635 The polar lipid profiles of strain 26D10-3-4T 612:656 The polar lipid profiles of strain 26D10-3-4T showed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified glycolipids, and the major fatty acids found were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902236 1 64 theme symptomatic 98:108 arg1 bark 110:113 symptomatic bark 98:113 symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker 98:146 nov., a member of the family Staphylococcaceae, isolated from symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker. 27902236 1 65 theme Staphylococcaceae 65:81 arg1 member 44:49 a member 42:49 a member of the family Staphylococcaceae 42:81 nov., a member of the family Staphylococcaceae, isolated from symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker. 27902236 1 65 theme Staphylococcaceae 65:81 arg1 nov. 36:39 nov. 36:39 nov. 36:39 nov., a member of the family Staphylococcaceae, isolated from symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker. 27902236 8 66 theme rRNA 959:962 arg1 similarity 978:987 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 943:987 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 943:987 The two novel isolates shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Salinicoccus qingdaonensis ZXM223T (95.0 %). 27902236 2 67 theme symptomatic 232:242 arg1 tissue 249:254 symptomatic bark tissue 232:254 symptomatic bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker 232:287 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, bacterial strains were isolated from symptomatic bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27902236 6 68 theme polar 616:620 arg1 profiles 628:635 The polar lipid profiles 612:635 The polar lipid profiles of strain 26D10-3-4T 612:656 The polar lipid profiles of strain 26D10-3-4T showed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified glycolipids, and the major fatty acids found were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27902236 9 69 theme family 1156:1161 arg1 Staphylococcaceae 1163:1179 the family Staphylococcaceae 1152:1179 the family Staphylococcaceae 1152:1179 Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, these two strains represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Staphylococcaceae; the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. 27902236 3 70 with able 308:311 arg1 growth 394:399 optimal growth 386:399 optimal growth at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 386:423 The isolates were able to grow between 10 and 37 °C, at pH 6-10 and with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl The strains were found to be oxidase and catalase positive. 27902236 3 70 with able 308:311 arg1 NaCl 375:378 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl 363:378 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl 363:378 The isolates were able to grow between 10 and 37 °C, at pH 6-10 and with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl The strains were found to be oxidase and catalase positive. 27902236 11 71 theme =CFCC 1296:1300 arg1 33575T 1314:1319 =CFCC 12725T=KCTC 33575T 1296:1319 =CFCC 12725T=KCTC 33575T 1296:1319 The type strain of the type species is 26D10-3-4T (=CFCC 12725T=KCTC 33575T). 27902236 11 71 theme =CFCC 1296:1300 arg1 26D10-3-4T 1284:1293 26D10-3-4T 1284:1293 26D10-3-4T (=CFCC 12725T=KCTC 33575T) 1284:1320 The type strain of the type species is 26D10-3-4T (=CFCC 12725T=KCTC 33575T). 27902236 2 72 attach isolated 218:225 arg1 tissue 249:254 symptomatic bark tissue 232:254 symptomatic bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker 232:287 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, bacterial strains were isolated from symptomatic bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27902236 2 72 attach isolated 218:225 arg2 strains 205:211 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, bacterial strains 149:211 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, bacterial strains 149:211 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, bacterial strains were isolated from symptomatic bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. 27902236 8 73 theme sequence 969:976 arg1 similarity 978:987 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 943:987 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 943:987 The two novel isolates shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Salinicoccus qingdaonensis ZXM223T (95.0 %). 27902236 1 74 theme Populus 118:124 arg1 canker 141:146 Populus × euramericana canker 118:146 Populus × euramericana canker 118:146 nov., a member of the family Staphylococcaceae, isolated from symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker. 24977704 2 0 from charge 510:515 arg1 surfaces 526:533 their surfaces 520:533 their surfaces 520:533 The oxidation mode and the chemical composition of the samples tuned the morphology, topography and distribution of the charge on their surfaces, which enabled us to evaluate the importance of these material characteristics in the interaction of the cells with the sample surface. 24977704 1 1 theme air 385:387 arg1 stream 375:380 a stream 373:380 a stream of air 373:387 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 4 2 theme sites 970:974 arg1 presence 926:933 the presence 922:933 the presence of positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites of the Nb2O5 alloy phase 922:999 Proliferation of these cells is correlated with the presence of positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites of the Nb2O5 alloy phase, while cell differentiation is correlated with negatively-charged (acidic) sites of the TiO2 alloy phase. 24977704 3 3 from sites 816:820 arg1 surface 865:871 the alloy surface 855:871 the alloy surface 855:871 Numbers of adhered MG-63 and Saos-2 cells correlated with the number of positively-charged (related with the Nb2O5 phase) and negatively-charged sites (related with the TiO2 phase) on the alloy surface. 24977704 9 4 theme osteogenic 1985:1994 arg1 differentiation 2001:2015 osteogenic cell differentiation 1985:2015 osteogenic cell differentiation 1985:2015 Thus, oxidized Ti and TiNb are both promising materials for bone implantation; TiNb for applications where bone cell proliferation is desirable, and Ti for induction of osteogenic cell differentiation. 24977704 3 5 theme adhered 682:688 arg1 MG-63 690:694 adhered MG-63 and Saos-2 cells 682:711 MG-63 690:694 Numbers of adhered MG-63 and Saos-2 cells correlated with the number of positively-charged (related with the Nb2O5 phase) and negatively-charged sites (related with the TiO2 phase) on the alloy surface. 24977704 3 6 with related 823:829 arg1 phase 845:849 the TiO2 phase 836:849 the TiO2 phase 836:849 Numbers of adhered MG-63 and Saos-2 cells correlated with the number of positively-charged (related with the Nb2O5 phase) and negatively-charged sites (related with the TiO2 phase) on the alloy surface. 24977704 8 7 theme TNF-α 1645:1649 arg1 secretion 1632:1640 The secretion 1628:1640 The secretion of TNF-α by these cells into the cell culture media 1628:1692 The secretion of TNF-α by these cells into the cell culture media was much lower than for either cells grown in the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, or untreated control samples. 24977704 8 7 theme TNF-α 1645:1649 arg1 lower 1703:1707 lower 1703:1707 lower 1703:1707 The secretion of TNF-α by these cells into the cell culture media was much lower than for either cells grown in the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, or untreated control samples. 24977704 1 8 theme osteoblast-like 195:209 arg1 MG-63 211:215 osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells 195:232 MG-63 211:215 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 1 9 dep titanium 237:244 arg1 supports 268:275 supports 268:275 supports 268:275 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 4 10 theme cell 1008:1011 arg1 differentiation 1013:1027 cell differentiation 1008:1027 cell differentiation 1008:1027 Proliferation of these cells is correlated with the presence of positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites of the Nb2O5 alloy phase, while cell differentiation is correlated with negatively-charged (acidic) sites of the TiO2 alloy phase. 24977704 3 11 theme cells 707:711 arg1 Numbers 671:677 Numbers 671:677 Numbers of adhered MG-63 and Saos-2 cells 671:711 Numbers of adhered MG-63 and Saos-2 cells correlated with the number of positively-charged (related with the Nb2O5 phase) and negatively-charged sites (related with the TiO2 phase) on the alloy surface. 24977704 8 12 theme lipopolysaccharide 1766:1783 arg1 presence 1744:1751 the presence 1740:1751 the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide 1740:1783 The secretion of TNF-α by these cells into the cell culture media was much lower than for either cells grown in the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, or untreated control samples. 24977704 6 13 theme collagen 1329:1336 arg1 markers 1320:1326 osteoblast differentiation markers 1293:1326 osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) 1293:1360 The expression values of osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) were higher for cells grown on the Ti samples than for those grown on the TiNb samples. 24977704 6 13 theme collagen 1329:1336 arg1 type 1338:1341 collagen type I 1329:1343 collagen type I 1329:1343 The expression values of osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) were higher for cells grown on the Ti samples than for those grown on the TiNb samples. 24977704 2 14 theme cells 640:644 arg1 interaction 621:631 the interaction 617:631 the interaction of the cells with the sample surface 617:668 The oxidation mode and the chemical composition of the samples tuned the morphology, topography and distribution of the charge on their surfaces, which enabled us to evaluate the importance of these material characteristics in the interaction of the cells with the sample surface. 24977704 3 15 dep positively-charged 743:760 arg1 related 763:769 related 763:769 related with the Nb2O5 phase 763:790 Numbers of adhered MG-63 and Saos-2 cells correlated with the number of positively-charged (related with the Nb2O5 phase) and negatively-charged sites (related with the TiO2 phase) on the alloy surface. 24977704 2 16 theme charge 510:515 arg1 distribution 490:501 distribution 490:501 distribution 490:501 The oxidation mode and the chemical composition of the samples tuned the morphology, topography and distribution of the charge on their surfaces, which enabled us to evaluate the importance of these material characteristics in the interaction of the cells with the sample surface. 24977704 2 16 theme charge 510:515 arg1 topography 475:484 topography 475:484 topography 475:484 The oxidation mode and the chemical composition of the samples tuned the morphology, topography and distribution of the charge on their surfaces, which enabled us to evaluate the importance of these material characteristics in the interaction of the cells with the sample surface. 24977704 2 16 theme charge 510:515 arg1 morphology 463:472 morphology 463:472 morphology 463:472 The oxidation mode and the chemical composition of the samples tuned the morphology, topography and distribution of the charge on their surfaces, which enabled us to evaluate the importance of these material characteristics in the interaction of the cells with the sample surface. 24977704 4 17 theme TiO2 1089:1092 arg1 phase 1100:1104 the TiO2 alloy phase 1085:1104 the TiO2 alloy phase 1085:1104 Proliferation of these cells is correlated with the presence of positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites of the Nb2O5 alloy phase, while cell differentiation is correlated with negatively-charged (acidic) sites of the TiO2 alloy phase. 24977704 8 18 theme control 1799:1805 arg1 samples 1807:1813 untreated control samples 1789:1813 untreated control samples 1789:1813 The secretion of TNF-α by these cells into the cell culture media was much lower than for either cells grown in the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, or untreated control samples. 24977704 7 19 theme tested 1602:1607 arg1 samples 1609:1615 the tested samples 1598:1615 the tested samples 1598:1615 This was more particularly apparent in the samples treated at 165°C. No considerable immune activation of murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells on the tested samples was found. 24977704 2 20 theme samples 445:451 arg1 composition 426:436 the chemical composition 413:436 the chemical composition of the samples 413:451 The oxidation mode and the chemical composition of the samples tuned the morphology, topography and distribution of the charge on their surfaces, which enabled us to evaluate the importance of these material characteristics in the interaction of the cells with the sample surface. 24977704 2 20 theme samples 445:451 arg1 mode 404:407 The oxidation mode 390:407 The oxidation mode 390:407 The oxidation mode and the chemical composition of the samples tuned the morphology, topography and distribution of the charge on their surfaces, which enabled us to evaluate the importance of these material characteristics in the interaction of the cells with the sample surface. 24977704 2 21 from morphology 463:472 arg1 surfaces 526:533 their surfaces 520:533 their surfaces 520:533 The oxidation mode and the chemical composition of the samples tuned the morphology, topography and distribution of the charge on their surfaces, which enabled us to evaluate the importance of these material characteristics in the interaction of the cells with the sample surface. 24977704 5 22 theme alloy 1185:1189 arg1 sample 1191:1196 the alloy sample 1181:1196 the alloy sample oxidized at 600°C 1181:1214 The number of charged sites and adhered cells was substantially higher on the alloy sample oxidized at 600°C than on the hydrothermally treated sample at 165°C. 24977704 6 23 theme expression 1272:1281 arg1 higher 1367:1372 higher 1367:1372 higher 1367:1372 The expression values of osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) were higher for cells grown on the Ti samples than for those grown on the TiNb samples. 24977704 6 23 theme expression 1272:1281 arg1 values 1283:1288 The expression values 1268:1288 The expression values of osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) 1268:1360 The expression values of osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) were higher for cells grown on the Ti samples than for those grown on the TiNb samples. 24977704 3 24 theme sites 816:820 arg1 number 733:738 the number 729:738 the number of positively-charged (related with the Nb2O5 phase) and negatively-charged sites (related with the TiO2 phase) on the alloy surface 729:871 Numbers of adhered MG-63 and Saos-2 cells correlated with the number of positively-charged (related with the Nb2O5 phase) and negatively-charged sites (related with the TiO2 phase) on the alloy surface. 24977704 5 25 theme cells 1147:1151 arg1 number 1111:1116 The number 1107:1116 The number of charged sites and adhered cells 1107:1151 The number of charged sites and adhered cells was substantially higher on the alloy sample oxidized at 600°C than on the hydrothermally treated sample at 165°C. 24977704 5 25 theme cells 1147:1151 arg1 higher 1171:1176 higher 1171:1176 higher 1171:1176 The number of charged sites and adhered cells was substantially higher on the alloy sample oxidized at 600°C than on the hydrothermally treated sample at 165°C. 24977704 0 26 theme oxidized 75:82 arg1 surfaces 84:91 thermally oxidized surfaces 65:91 thermally oxidized surfaces of a titanium-niobium alloy 65:119 Interaction of human osteoblast-like Saos-2 and MG-63 cells with thermally oxidized surfaces of a titanium-niobium alloy. 24977704 7 27 from apparent 1477:1484 arg1 samples 1493:1499 the samples 1489:1499 the samples treated at 165°C. No considerable immune activation of murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells on the tested samples was found 1489:1625 This was more particularly apparent in the samples treated at 165°C. No considerable immune activation of murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells on the tested samples was found. 24977704 1 28 with alloy 289:293 arg1 surfaces 300:307 surfaces 300:307 surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air 300:387 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 9 29 theme promising 1852:1860 arg1 materials 1862:1870 both promising materials 1847:1870 both promising materials for bone implantation 1847:1892 Thus, oxidized Ti and TiNb are both promising materials for bone implantation; TiNb for applications where bone cell proliferation is desirable, and Ti for induction of osteogenic cell differentiation. 24977704 9 29 theme promising 1852:1860 arg1 Ti 1965:1966 Ti 1965:1966 Ti for induction of osteogenic cell differentiation 1965:2015 Thus, oxidized Ti and TiNb are both promising materials for bone implantation; TiNb for applications where bone cell proliferation is desirable, and Ti for induction of osteogenic cell differentiation. 24977704 9 29 theme promising 1852:1860 arg1 TiNb 1838:1841 TiNb 1838:1841 TiNb 1838:1841 Thus, oxidized Ti and TiNb are both promising materials for bone implantation; TiNb for applications where bone cell proliferation is desirable, and Ti for induction of osteogenic cell differentiation. 24977704 9 29 theme promising 1852:1860 arg1 Ti 1831:1832 Ti 1831:1832 Ti 1831:1832 Thus, oxidized Ti and TiNb are both promising materials for bone implantation; TiNb for applications where bone cell proliferation is desirable, and Ti for induction of osteogenic cell differentiation. 24977704 9 29 theme promising 1852:1860 arg1 TiNb 1895:1898 TiNb 1895:1898 TiNb for applications where bone cell proliferation is desirable 1895:1958 Thus, oxidized Ti and TiNb are both promising materials for bone implantation; TiNb for applications where bone cell proliferation is desirable, and Ti for induction of osteogenic cell differentiation. 24977704 3 30 theme positively-charged 743:760 arg1 number 733:738 the number 729:738 the number of positively-charged (related with the Nb2O5 phase) and negatively-charged sites (related with the TiO2 phase) on the alloy surface 729:871 Numbers of adhered MG-63 and Saos-2 cells correlated with the number of positively-charged (related with the Nb2O5 phase) and negatively-charged sites (related with the TiO2 phase) on the alloy surface. 24977704 1 31 from 600°C 364:368 arg1 stream 375:380 a stream 373:380 a stream of air 373:387 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 8 32 theme culture 1680:1686 arg1 media 1688:1692 the cell culture media 1671:1692 the cell culture media 1671:1692 The secretion of TNF-α by these cells into the cell culture media was much lower than for either cells grown in the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, or untreated control samples. 24977704 7 33 theme macrophage-like 1563:1577 arg1 cells 1589:1593 murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells 1556:1593 murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells 1556:1593 This was more particularly apparent in the samples treated at 165°C. No considerable immune activation of murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells on the tested samples was found. 24977704 0 34 theme titanium-niobium 98:113 arg1 alloy 115:119 a titanium-niobium alloy 96:119 a titanium-niobium alloy 96:119 Interaction of human osteoblast-like Saos-2 and MG-63 cells with thermally oxidized surfaces of a titanium-niobium alloy. 24977704 3 35 theme related 823:829 arg1 sites 816:820 negatively-charged sites 797:820 negatively-charged sites (related with the TiO2 phase) on the alloy surface 797:871 Numbers of adhered MG-63 and Saos-2 cells correlated with the number of positively-charged (related with the Nb2O5 phase) and negatively-charged sites (related with the TiO2 phase) on the alloy surface. 24977704 5 36 from 165°C 1261:1265 arg1 sample 1251:1256 the hydrothermally treated sample 1224:1256 the hydrothermally treated sample at 165°C 1224:1265 The number of charged sites and adhered cells was substantially higher on the alloy sample oxidized at 600°C than on the hydrothermally treated sample at 165°C. 24977704 2 37 theme oxidation 394:402 arg1 mode 404:407 The oxidation mode 390:407 The oxidation mode 390:407 The oxidation mode and the chemical composition of the samples tuned the morphology, topography and distribution of the charge on their surfaces, which enabled us to evaluate the importance of these material characteristics in the interaction of the cells with the sample surface. 24977704 4 38 theme phase 1100:1104 arg1 phase 1100:1104 the TiO2 alloy phase 1085:1104 the TiO2 alloy phase 1085:1104 Proliferation of these cells is correlated with the presence of positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites of the Nb2O5 alloy phase, while cell differentiation is correlated with negatively-charged (acidic) sites of the TiO2 alloy phase. 24977704 4 38 theme phase 1100:1104 arg1 sites 1076:1080 negatively-charged (acidic) sites 1048:1080 negatively-charged (acidic) sites of the TiO2 alloy phase 1048:1104 Proliferation of these cells is correlated with the presence of positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites of the Nb2O5 alloy phase, while cell differentiation is correlated with negatively-charged (acidic) sites of the TiO2 alloy phase. 24977704 7 39 theme immune 1535:1540 arg1 activation 1542:1551 No considerable immune activation 1519:1551 No considerable immune activation of murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells on the tested samples 1519:1615 This was more particularly apparent in the samples treated at 165°C. No considerable immune activation of murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells on the tested samples was found. 24977704 2 40 from surfaces 526:533 arg1 distribution 490:501 distribution 490:501 distribution 490:501 The oxidation mode and the chemical composition of the samples tuned the morphology, topography and distribution of the charge on their surfaces, which enabled us to evaluate the importance of these material characteristics in the interaction of the cells with the sample surface. 24977704 2 40 from surfaces 526:533 arg1 topography 475:484 topography 475:484 topography 475:484 The oxidation mode and the chemical composition of the samples tuned the morphology, topography and distribution of the charge on their surfaces, which enabled us to evaluate the importance of these material characteristics in the interaction of the cells with the sample surface. 24977704 2 40 from surfaces 526:533 arg1 morphology 463:472 morphology 463:472 morphology 463:472 The oxidation mode and the chemical composition of the samples tuned the morphology, topography and distribution of the charge on their surfaces, which enabled us to evaluate the importance of these material characteristics in the interaction of the cells with the sample surface. 24977704 2 41 theme characteristics 598:612 arg1 importance 569:578 the importance 565:578 the importance of these material characteristics in the interaction of the cells with the sample surface 565:668 The oxidation mode and the chemical composition of the samples tuned the morphology, topography and distribution of the charge on their surfaces, which enabled us to evaluate the importance of these material characteristics in the interaction of the cells with the sample surface. 24977704 0 42 theme human 15:19 arg1 Saos-2 37:42 human osteoblast-like Saos-2 and MG-63 cells 15:58 Saos-2 37:42 Interaction of human osteoblast-like Saos-2 and MG-63 cells with thermally oxidized surfaces of a titanium-niobium alloy. 24977704 3 43 from surface 865:871 arg1 number 733:738 the number 729:738 the number of positively-charged (related with the Nb2O5 phase) and negatively-charged sites (related with the TiO2 phase) on the alloy surface 729:871 Numbers of adhered MG-63 and Saos-2 cells correlated with the number of positively-charged (related with the Nb2O5 phase) and negatively-charged sites (related with the TiO2 phase) on the alloy surface. 24977704 2 44 theme chemical 417:424 arg1 composition 426:436 the chemical composition 413:436 the chemical composition of the samples 413:451 The oxidation mode and the chemical composition of the samples tuned the morphology, topography and distribution of the charge on their surfaces, which enabled us to evaluate the importance of these material characteristics in the interaction of the cells with the sample surface. 24977704 6 45 theme differentiation 1304:1318 arg1 markers 1320:1326 osteoblast differentiation markers 1293:1326 osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) 1293:1360 The expression values of osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) were higher for cells grown on the Ti samples than for those grown on the TiNb samples. 24977704 6 45 theme differentiation 1304:1318 arg1 type 1338:1341 collagen type I 1329:1343 collagen type I 1329:1343 The expression values of osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) were higher for cells grown on the Ti samples than for those grown on the TiNb samples. 24977704 6 45 theme differentiation 1304:1318 arg1 osteocalcin 1349:1359 osteocalcin 1349:1359 osteocalcin 1349:1359 The expression values of osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) were higher for cells grown on the Ti samples than for those grown on the TiNb samples. 24977704 0 46 theme Saos-2 37:42 arg1 Interaction 0:10 Interaction 0:10 Interaction of human osteoblast-like Saos-2 and MG-63 cells with thermally oxidized surfaces of a titanium-niobium alloy 0:119 Interaction of human osteoblast-like Saos-2 and MG-63 cells with thermally oxidized surfaces of a titanium-niobium alloy. 24977704 9 47 theme bone 1923:1926 arg1 proliferation 1933:1945 bone cell proliferation 1923:1945 bone cell proliferation 1923:1945 Thus, oxidized Ti and TiNb are both promising materials for bone implantation; TiNb for applications where bone cell proliferation is desirable, and Ti for induction of osteogenic cell differentiation. 24977704 2 48 dep morphology 463:472 arg1 the 459:461 the 459:461 the 459:461 The oxidation mode and the chemical composition of the samples tuned the morphology, topography and distribution of the charge on their surfaces, which enabled us to evaluate the importance of these material characteristics in the interaction of the cells with the sample surface. 24977704 3 49 theme alloy 859:863 arg1 surface 865:871 the alloy surface 855:871 the alloy surface 855:871 Numbers of adhered MG-63 and Saos-2 cells correlated with the number of positively-charged (related with the Nb2O5 phase) and negatively-charged sites (related with the TiO2 phase) on the alloy surface. 24977704 4 50 theme Nb2O5 983:987 arg1 phase 995:999 the Nb2O5 alloy phase 979:999 the Nb2O5 alloy phase 979:999 Proliferation of these cells is correlated with the presence of positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites of the Nb2O5 alloy phase, while cell differentiation is correlated with negatively-charged (acidic) sites of the TiO2 alloy phase. 24977704 3 51 from number 733:738 arg1 surface 865:871 the alloy surface 855:871 the alloy surface 855:871 Numbers of adhered MG-63 and Saos-2 cells correlated with the number of positively-charged (related with the Nb2O5 phase) and negatively-charged sites (related with the TiO2 phase) on the alloy surface. 24977704 0 52 with Interaction 0:10 arg1 surfaces 84:91 thermally oxidized surfaces 65:91 thermally oxidized surfaces of a titanium-niobium alloy 65:119 Interaction of human osteoblast-like Saos-2 and MG-63 cells with thermally oxidized surfaces of a titanium-niobium alloy. 24977704 1 53 theme Saos-2 221:226 arg1 cells 228:232 osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells 195:232 cells 228:232 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 4 54 theme phase 995:999 arg1 sites 970:974 positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites 938:974 positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites of the Nb2O5 alloy phase 938:999 Proliferation of these cells is correlated with the presence of positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites of the Nb2O5 alloy phase, while cell differentiation is correlated with negatively-charged (acidic) sites of the TiO2 alloy phase. 24977704 4 54 theme phase 995:999 arg1 phase 995:999 the Nb2O5 alloy phase 979:999 the Nb2O5 alloy phase 979:999 Proliferation of these cells is correlated with the presence of positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites of the Nb2O5 alloy phase, while cell differentiation is correlated with negatively-charged (acidic) sites of the TiO2 alloy phase. 24977704 2 55 from topography 475:484 arg1 surfaces 526:533 their surfaces 520:533 their surfaces 520:533 The oxidation mode and the chemical composition of the samples tuned the morphology, topography and distribution of the charge on their surfaces, which enabled us to evaluate the importance of these material characteristics in the interaction of the cells with the sample surface. 24977704 5 56 theme sites 1129:1133 arg1 number 1111:1116 The number 1107:1116 The number of charged sites and adhered cells 1107:1151 The number of charged sites and adhered cells was substantially higher on the alloy sample oxidized at 600°C than on the hydrothermally treated sample at 165°C. 24977704 5 56 theme sites 1129:1133 arg1 higher 1171:1176 higher 1171:1176 higher 1171:1176 The number of charged sites and adhered cells was substantially higher on the alloy sample oxidized at 600°C than on the hydrothermally treated sample at 165°C. 24977704 6 57 theme osteoblast 1293:1302 arg1 markers 1320:1326 osteoblast differentiation markers 1293:1326 osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) 1293:1360 The expression values of osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) were higher for cells grown on the Ti samples than for those grown on the TiNb samples. 24977704 6 57 theme osteoblast 1293:1302 arg1 type 1338:1341 collagen type I 1329:1343 collagen type I 1329:1343 The expression values of osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) were higher for cells grown on the Ti samples than for those grown on the TiNb samples. 24977704 6 57 theme osteoblast 1293:1302 arg1 osteocalcin 1349:1359 osteocalcin 1349:1359 osteocalcin 1349:1359 The expression values of osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) were higher for cells grown on the Ti samples than for those grown on the TiNb samples. 24977704 2 58 from distribution 490:501 arg1 surfaces 526:533 their surfaces 520:533 their surfaces 520:533 The oxidation mode and the chemical composition of the samples tuned the morphology, topography and distribution of the charge on their surfaces, which enabled us to evaluate the importance of these material characteristics in the interaction of the cells with the sample surface. 24977704 0 59 theme MG-63 48:52 arg1 cells 54:58 human osteoblast-like Saos-2 and MG-63 cells 15:58 cells 54:58 Interaction of human osteoblast-like Saos-2 and MG-63 cells with thermally oxidized surfaces of a titanium-niobium alloy. 24977704 4 60 theme negatively-charged 1048:1065 arg1 phase 1100:1104 the TiO2 alloy phase 1085:1104 the TiO2 alloy phase 1085:1104 Proliferation of these cells is correlated with the presence of positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites of the Nb2O5 alloy phase, while cell differentiation is correlated with negatively-charged (acidic) sites of the TiO2 alloy phase. 24977704 4 60 theme negatively-charged 1048:1065 arg1 sites 1076:1080 negatively-charged (acidic) sites 1048:1080 negatively-charged (acidic) sites of the TiO2 alloy phase 1048:1104 Proliferation of these cells is correlated with the presence of positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites of the Nb2O5 alloy phase, while cell differentiation is correlated with negatively-charged (acidic) sites of the TiO2 alloy phase. 24977704 9 61 theme cell 1996:1999 arg1 differentiation 2001:2015 osteogenic cell differentiation 1985:2015 osteogenic cell differentiation 1985:2015 Thus, oxidized Ti and TiNb are both promising materials for bone implantation; TiNb for applications where bone cell proliferation is desirable, and Ti for induction of osteogenic cell differentiation. 24977704 9 62 theme differentiation 2001:2015 arg1 induction 1972:1980 induction 1972:1980 induction of osteogenic cell differentiation 1972:2015 Thus, oxidized Ti and TiNb are both promising materials for bone implantation; TiNb for applications where bone cell proliferation is desirable, and Ti for induction of osteogenic cell differentiation. 24977704 3 63 theme MG-63 690:694 arg1 Numbers 671:677 Numbers 671:677 Numbers of adhered MG-63 and Saos-2 cells 671:711 Numbers of adhered MG-63 and Saos-2 cells correlated with the number of positively-charged (related with the Nb2O5 phase) and negatively-charged sites (related with the TiO2 phase) on the alloy surface. 24977704 8 64 theme bacterial 1756:1764 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 1766:1783 bacterial lipopolysaccharide 1756:1783 bacterial lipopolysaccharide 1756:1783 The secretion of TNF-α by these cells into the cell culture media was much lower than for either cells grown in the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, or untreated control samples. 24977704 6 65 theme Ti 1397:1398 arg1 samples 1400:1406 the Ti samples 1393:1406 the Ti samples 1393:1406 The expression values of osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) were higher for cells grown on the Ti samples than for those grown on the TiNb samples. 24977704 1 66 theme MG-63 211:215 arg1 differentiation 176:190 differentiation 176:190 differentiation 176:190 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 1 66 theme MG-63 211:215 arg1 growth 165:170 growth 165:170 growth 165:170 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 1 66 theme MG-63 211:215 arg1 adhesion 155:162 the adhesion 151:162 the adhesion 151:162 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 8 67 theme untreated 1789:1797 arg1 samples 1807:1813 untreated control samples 1789:1813 untreated control samples 1789:1813 The secretion of TNF-α by these cells into the cell culture media was much lower than for either cells grown in the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, or untreated control samples. 24977704 7 68 from activation 1542:1551 arg1 samples 1609:1615 the tested samples 1598:1615 the tested samples 1598:1615 This was more particularly apparent in the samples treated at 165°C. No considerable immune activation of murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells on the tested samples was found. 24977704 4 69 theme alloy 1094:1098 arg1 phase 1100:1104 the TiO2 alloy phase 1085:1104 the TiO2 alloy phase 1085:1104 Proliferation of these cells is correlated with the presence of positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites of the Nb2O5 alloy phase, while cell differentiation is correlated with negatively-charged (acidic) sites of the TiO2 alloy phase. 24977704 2 70 from importance 569:578 arg1 interaction 621:631 the interaction 617:631 the interaction of the cells with the sample surface 617:668 The oxidation mode and the chemical composition of the samples tuned the morphology, topography and distribution of the charge on their surfaces, which enabled us to evaluate the importance of these material characteristics in the interaction of the cells with the sample surface. 24977704 3 71 theme Saos-2 700:705 arg1 cells 707:711 adhered MG-63 and Saos-2 cells 682:711 cells 707:711 Numbers of adhered MG-63 and Saos-2 cells correlated with the number of positively-charged (related with the Nb2O5 phase) and negatively-charged sites (related with the TiO2 phase) on the alloy surface. 24977704 4 72 theme acidic 1068:1073 arg1 phase 1100:1104 the TiO2 alloy phase 1085:1104 the TiO2 alloy phase 1085:1104 Proliferation of these cells is correlated with the presence of positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites of the Nb2O5 alloy phase, while cell differentiation is correlated with negatively-charged (acidic) sites of the TiO2 alloy phase. 24977704 4 72 theme acidic 1068:1073 arg1 sites 1076:1080 negatively-charged (acidic) sites 1048:1080 negatively-charged (acidic) sites of the TiO2 alloy phase 1048:1104 Proliferation of these cells is correlated with the presence of positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites of the Nb2O5 alloy phase, while cell differentiation is correlated with negatively-charged (acidic) sites of the TiO2 alloy phase. 24977704 7 73 theme cells 1589:1593 arg1 activation 1542:1551 No considerable immune activation 1519:1551 No considerable immune activation of murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells on the tested samples 1519:1615 This was more particularly apparent in the samples treated at 165°C. No considerable immune activation of murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells on the tested samples was found. 24977704 6 74 theme TiNb 1436:1439 arg1 samples 1441:1447 the TiNb samples 1432:1447 the TiNb samples 1432:1447 The expression values of osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) were higher for cells grown on the Ti samples than for those grown on the TiNb samples. 24977704 3 75 theme Nb2O5 780:784 arg1 phase 786:790 the Nb2O5 phase 776:790 the Nb2O5 phase 776:790 Numbers of adhered MG-63 and Saos-2 cells correlated with the number of positively-charged (related with the Nb2O5 phase) and negatively-charged sites (related with the TiO2 phase) on the alloy surface. 24977704 2 76 theme sample 655:660 arg1 surface 662:668 the sample surface 651:668 the sample surface 651:668 The oxidation mode and the chemical composition of the samples tuned the morphology, topography and distribution of the charge on their surfaces, which enabled us to evaluate the importance of these material characteristics in the interaction of the cells with the sample surface. 24977704 5 77 theme adhered 1139:1145 arg1 cells 1147:1151 adhered cells 1139:1151 adhered cells 1139:1151 The number of charged sites and adhered cells was substantially higher on the alloy sample oxidized at 600°C than on the hydrothermally treated sample at 165°C. 24977704 1 78 from growth 165:170 arg1 Ti 247:248 Ti 247:248 Ti 247:248 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 1 78 from growth 165:170 arg1 alloy 289:293 TiNb alloy 284:293 TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air 284:387 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 1 78 from growth 165:170 arg1 titanium 237:244 titanium 237:244 titanium (Ti) 237:249 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 4 79 theme cells 897:901 arg1 Proliferation 874:886 Proliferation 874:886 Proliferation of these cells 874:901 Proliferation of these cells is correlated with the presence of positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites of the Nb2O5 alloy phase, while cell differentiation is correlated with negatively-charged (acidic) sites of the TiO2 alloy phase. 24977704 1 80 from differentiation 176:190 arg1 Ti 247:248 Ti 247:248 Ti 247:248 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 1 80 from differentiation 176:190 arg1 alloy 289:293 TiNb alloy 284:293 TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air 284:387 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 1 80 from differentiation 176:190 arg1 titanium 237:244 titanium 237:244 titanium (Ti) 237:249 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 2 81 theme material 589:596 arg1 characteristics 598:612 these material characteristics 583:612 these material characteristics 583:612 The oxidation mode and the chemical composition of the samples tuned the morphology, topography and distribution of the charge on their surfaces, which enabled us to evaluate the importance of these material characteristics in the interaction of the cells with the sample surface. 24977704 7 82 dep 165°C. 1512:1517 arg1 found 1621:1625 found 1621:1625 was found 1617:1625 This was more particularly apparent in the samples treated at 165°C. No considerable immune activation of murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells on the tested samples was found. 24977704 1 83 from adhesion 155:162 arg1 Ti 247:248 Ti 247:248 Ti 247:248 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 1 83 from adhesion 155:162 arg1 alloy 289:293 TiNb alloy 284:293 TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air 284:387 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 1 83 from adhesion 155:162 arg1 titanium 237:244 titanium 237:244 titanium (Ti) 237:249 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 3 84 theme negatively-charged 797:814 arg1 sites 816:820 negatively-charged sites 797:820 negatively-charged sites (related with the TiO2 phase) on the alloy surface 797:871 Numbers of adhered MG-63 and Saos-2 cells correlated with the number of positively-charged (related with the Nb2O5 phase) and negatively-charged sites (related with the TiO2 phase) on the alloy surface. 24977704 0 85 theme alloy 115:119 arg1 surfaces 84:91 thermally oxidized surfaces 65:91 thermally oxidized surfaces of a titanium-niobium alloy 65:119 Interaction of human osteoblast-like Saos-2 and MG-63 cells with thermally oxidized surfaces of a titanium-niobium alloy. 24977704 7 86 from samples 1493:1499 arg1 apparent 1477:1484 apparent 1477:1484 apparent 1477:1484 This was more particularly apparent in the samples treated at 165°C. No considerable immune activation of murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells on the tested samples was found. 24977704 4 87 dep basic 963:967 arg1 i.e. 958:961 i.e. 958:961 i.e. 958:961 Proliferation of these cells is correlated with the presence of positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites of the Nb2O5 alloy phase, while cell differentiation is correlated with negatively-charged (acidic) sites of the TiO2 alloy phase. 24977704 3 88 theme TiO2 840:843 arg1 phase 845:849 the TiO2 phase 836:849 the TiO2 phase 836:849 Numbers of adhered MG-63 and Saos-2 cells correlated with the number of positively-charged (related with the Nb2O5 phase) and negatively-charged sites (related with the TiO2 phase) on the alloy surface. 24977704 9 89 theme bone 1876:1879 arg1 implantation 1881:1892 bone implantation 1876:1892 bone implantation 1876:1892 Thus, oxidized Ti and TiNb are both promising materials for bone implantation; TiNb for applications where bone cell proliferation is desirable, and Ti for induction of osteogenic cell differentiation. 24977704 5 90 theme charged 1121:1127 arg1 sites 1129:1133 charged sites 1121:1133 charged sites 1121:1133 The number of charged sites and adhered cells was substantially higher on the alloy sample oxidized at 600°C than on the hydrothermally treated sample at 165°C. 24977704 2 91 with interaction 621:631 arg1 surface 662:668 the sample surface 651:668 the sample surface 651:668 The oxidation mode and the chemical composition of the samples tuned the morphology, topography and distribution of the charge on their surfaces, which enabled us to evaluate the importance of these material characteristics in the interaction of the cells with the sample surface. 24977704 1 92 theme hydrothermal 333:344 arg1 conditions 346:355 hydrothermal conditions 333:355 hydrothermal conditions 333:355 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 7 93 theme murine 1556:1561 arg1 cells 1589:1593 murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells 1556:1593 murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells 1556:1593 This was more particularly apparent in the samples treated at 165°C. No considerable immune activation of murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells on the tested samples was found. 24977704 0 94 theme osteoblast-like 21:35 arg1 Saos-2 37:42 human osteoblast-like Saos-2 and MG-63 cells 15:58 Saos-2 37:42 Interaction of human osteoblast-like Saos-2 and MG-63 cells with thermally oxidized surfaces of a titanium-niobium alloy. 24977704 8 95 theme cell 1675:1678 arg1 media 1688:1692 the cell culture media 1671:1692 the cell culture media 1671:1692 The secretion of TNF-α by these cells into the cell culture media was much lower than for either cells grown in the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, or untreated control samples. 24977704 9 96 theme oxidized 1822:1829 arg1 materials 1862:1870 both promising materials 1847:1870 both promising materials for bone implantation 1847:1892 Thus, oxidized Ti and TiNb are both promising materials for bone implantation; TiNb for applications where bone cell proliferation is desirable, and Ti for induction of osteogenic cell differentiation. 24977704 9 96 theme oxidized 1822:1829 arg1 TiNb 1838:1841 TiNb 1838:1841 TiNb 1838:1841 Thus, oxidized Ti and TiNb are both promising materials for bone implantation; TiNb for applications where bone cell proliferation is desirable, and Ti for induction of osteogenic cell differentiation. 24977704 9 96 theme oxidized 1822:1829 arg1 Ti 1831:1832 Ti 1831:1832 Ti 1831:1832 Thus, oxidized Ti and TiNb are both promising materials for bone implantation; TiNb for applications where bone cell proliferation is desirable, and Ti for induction of osteogenic cell differentiation. 24977704 6 97 theme markers 1320:1326 arg1 higher 1367:1372 higher 1367:1372 higher 1367:1372 The expression values of osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) were higher for cells grown on the Ti samples than for those grown on the TiNb samples. 24977704 6 97 theme markers 1320:1326 arg1 values 1283:1288 The expression values 1268:1288 The expression values of osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) 1268:1360 The expression values of osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) were higher for cells grown on the Ti samples than for those grown on the TiNb samples. 24977704 7 98 theme RAW 1579:1581 arg1 cells 1589:1593 murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells 1556:1593 murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells 1556:1593 This was more particularly apparent in the samples treated at 165°C. No considerable immune activation of murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells on the tested samples was found. 24977704 6 99 dep markers 1320:1326 arg1 markers 1320:1326 osteoblast differentiation markers 1293:1326 osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) 1293:1360 The expression values of osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) were higher for cells grown on the Ti samples than for those grown on the TiNb samples. 24977704 6 99 dep markers 1320:1326 arg1 type 1338:1341 collagen type I 1329:1343 collagen type I 1329:1343 The expression values of osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) were higher for cells grown on the Ti samples than for those grown on the TiNb samples. 24977704 6 99 dep markers 1320:1326 arg1 osteocalcin 1349:1359 osteocalcin 1349:1359 osteocalcin 1349:1359 The expression values of osteoblast differentiation markers (collagen type I and osteocalcin) were higher for cells grown on the Ti samples than for those grown on the TiNb samples. 24977704 7 100 theme considerable 1522:1533 arg1 activation 1542:1551 No considerable immune activation 1519:1551 No considerable immune activation of murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells on the tested samples 1519:1615 This was more particularly apparent in the samples treated at 165°C. No considerable immune activation of murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells on the tested samples was found. 24977704 0 101 theme cells 54:58 arg1 Interaction 0:10 Interaction 0:10 Interaction of human osteoblast-like Saos-2 and MG-63 cells with thermally oxidized surfaces of a titanium-niobium alloy 0:119 Interaction of human osteoblast-like Saos-2 and MG-63 cells with thermally oxidized surfaces of a titanium-niobium alloy. 24977704 9 102 theme cell 1928:1931 arg1 proliferation 1933:1945 bone cell proliferation 1923:1945 bone cell proliferation 1923:1945 Thus, oxidized Ti and TiNb are both promising materials for bone implantation; TiNb for applications where bone cell proliferation is desirable, and Ti for induction of osteogenic cell differentiation. 24977704 9 103 dep materials 1862:1870 arg1 Ti 1965:1966 Ti 1965:1966 Ti for induction of osteogenic cell differentiation 1965:2015 Thus, oxidized Ti and TiNb are both promising materials for bone implantation; TiNb for applications where bone cell proliferation is desirable, and Ti for induction of osteogenic cell differentiation. 24977704 9 103 dep materials 1862:1870 arg1 materials 1862:1870 both promising materials 1847:1870 both promising materials for bone implantation 1847:1892 Thus, oxidized Ti and TiNb are both promising materials for bone implantation; TiNb for applications where bone cell proliferation is desirable, and Ti for induction of osteogenic cell differentiation. 24977704 9 103 dep materials 1862:1870 arg1 TiNb 1895:1898 TiNb 1895:1898 TiNb for applications where bone cell proliferation is desirable 1895:1958 Thus, oxidized Ti and TiNb are both promising materials for bone implantation; TiNb for applications where bone cell proliferation is desirable, and Ti for induction of osteogenic cell differentiation. 24977704 1 104 theme TiNb 284:287 arg1 alloy 289:293 TiNb alloy 284:293 TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air 284:387 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 5 105 theme treated 1243:1249 arg1 sample 1251:1256 the hydrothermally treated sample 1224:1256 the hydrothermally treated sample at 165°C 1224:1265 The number of charged sites and adhered cells was substantially higher on the alloy sample oxidized at 600°C than on the hydrothermally treated sample at 165°C. 24977704 1 106 theme cells 228:232 arg1 differentiation 176:190 differentiation 176:190 differentiation 176:190 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 1 106 theme cells 228:232 arg1 growth 165:170 growth 165:170 growth 165:170 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 1 106 theme cells 228:232 arg1 adhesion 155:162 the adhesion 151:162 the adhesion 151:162 An investigation was made of the adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like MG-63 and Saos-2 cells on titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) supports and on TiNb alloy with surfaces oxidized at 165°C under hydrothermal conditions and at 600°C in a stream of air. 24977704 4 107 theme alloy 989:993 arg1 phase 995:999 the Nb2O5 alloy phase 979:999 the Nb2O5 alloy phase 979:999 Proliferation of these cells is correlated with the presence of positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites of the Nb2O5 alloy phase, while cell differentiation is correlated with negatively-charged (acidic) sites of the TiO2 alloy phase. 24977704 4 108 theme positively-charged 938:955 arg1 sites 970:974 positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites 938:974 positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites of the Nb2O5 alloy phase 938:999 Proliferation of these cells is correlated with the presence of positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites of the Nb2O5 alloy phase, while cell differentiation is correlated with negatively-charged (acidic) sites of the TiO2 alloy phase. 24977704 4 108 theme positively-charged 938:955 arg1 phase 995:999 the Nb2O5 alloy phase 979:999 the Nb2O5 alloy phase 979:999 Proliferation of these cells is correlated with the presence of positively-charged (i.e. basic) sites of the Nb2O5 alloy phase, while cell differentiation is correlated with negatively-charged (acidic) sites of the TiO2 alloy phase. 24756808 5 0 theme predominant 473:483 arg1 MK-7 508:511 MK-7 508:511 MK-7 508:511 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and its cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24756808 5 0 theme predominant 473:483 arg1 quinone 496:502 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 469:502 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 469:502 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and its cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24756808 8 1 theme genomic 776:782 arg1 % 827:827 38.9 mol% 819:827 38.9 mol% 819:827 The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 38.9 mol%. 24756808 8 1 theme genomic 776:782 arg1 content 792:798 The genomic DNA G+C content 772:798 The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate 772:813 The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 38.9 mol%. 24756808 2 2 attach isolated 187:194 arg2 bacterium 145:153 A Gram-positive, alkaliphilic bacterium 115:153 A Gram-positive, alkaliphilic bacterium 115:153 A Gram-positive, alkaliphilic bacterium, designated strain Zby6(T), was isolated from Zhabuye Lake in Tibet, China. 24756808 2 2 attach isolated 187:194 arg1 Lake 209:212 Lake 209:212 Lake 209:212 A Gram-positive, alkaliphilic bacterium, designated strain Zby6(T), was isolated from Zhabuye Lake in Tibet, China. 24756808 10 3 theme strain 1074:1079 arg1 T 1086:1086 T 1086:1086 T 1086:1086 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Zby6(T) and B. cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) was 59.2 ± 1.8 %. 24756808 10 3 theme strain 1074:1079 arg1 Zby6 1081:1084 strain Zby6 1074:1084 strain Zby6(T) 1074:1087 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Zby6(T) and B. cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) was 59.2 ± 1.8 %. 24756808 9 4 theme Bacillus 940:947 arg1 Zby6 906:909 strain Zby6 899:909 strain Zby6(T) 899:912 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity). 24756808 9 4 theme Bacillus 940:947 arg1 member 920:925 a member 918:925 a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity) 918:1033 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity). 24756808 5 5 theme isoprenoid 485:494 arg1 MK-7 508:511 MK-7 508:511 MK-7 508:511 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and its cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24756808 5 5 theme isoprenoid 485:494 arg1 quinone 496:502 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 469:502 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 469:502 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and its cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24756808 11 6 theme novel 1244:1248 arg1 species 1250:1256 a novel species 1242:1256 a novel species 1242:1256 Comparative analysis of genotypic and phenotypic features indicated that strain Zby6(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alkalicola sp. 24756808 9 7 theme 16S 861:863 arg1 sequences 875:883 16S rRNA gene sequences 861:883 16S rRNA gene sequences 861:883 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity). 24756808 4 8 theme isolate 387:393 arg1 Cells 374:378 Cells 374:378 Cells of the isolate 374:393 Cells of the isolate were facultatively anaerobic and spore-forming rods with polar flagellum. 24756808 3 9 theme at 283:284 arg1 pH 262:263 pH 8.0-11.0 262:272 pH 8.0-11.0 (optimum at pH 10.0) 262:293 The strain was able to grow at pH 8.0-11.0 (optimum at pH 10.0), in 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3 %, w/v) and at 10-45 °C (optimum at 37 °C). 24756808 3 9 theme at 283:284 arg1 pH 286:287 optimum at pH 10.0 275:292 optimum at pH 10.0 275:292 The strain was able to grow at pH 8.0-11.0 (optimum at pH 10.0), in 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3 %, w/v) and at 10-45 °C (optimum at 37 °C). 24756808 8 10 theme isolate 807:813 arg1 % 827:827 38.9 mol% 819:827 38.9 mol% 819:827 The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 38.9 mol%. 24756808 8 10 theme isolate 807:813 arg1 content 792:798 The genomic DNA G+C content 772:798 The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate 772:813 The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 38.9 mol%. 24756808 8 11 theme G+C 788:790 arg1 % 827:827 38.9 mol% 819:827 38.9 mol% 819:827 The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 38.9 mol%. 24756808 8 11 theme G+C 788:790 arg1 content 792:798 The genomic DNA G+C content 772:798 The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate 772:813 The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 38.9 mol%. 24756808 7 12 theme major 664:668 arg1 lipids 676:681 The major polar lipids 660:681 The major polar lipids 660:681 The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. 24756808 4 13 theme anaerobic 414:422 arg1 rods 442:445 facultatively anaerobic and spore-forming rods 400:445 facultatively anaerobic and spore-forming rods with polar flagellum 400:466 Cells of the isolate were facultatively anaerobic and spore-forming rods with polar flagellum. 24756808 11 14 theme alkalicola 1309:1318 arg1 sp 1320:1321 Bacillus alkalicola sp 1300:1321 the name Bacillus alkalicola sp 1291:1321 Comparative analysis of genotypic and phenotypic features indicated that strain Zby6(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alkalicola sp. 24756808 11 15 theme Comparative 1143:1153 arg1 analysis 1155:1162 Comparative analysis 1143:1162 Comparative analysis of genotypic and phenotypic features 1143:1199 Comparative analysis of genotypic and phenotypic features indicated that strain Zby6(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alkalicola sp. 24756808 11 16 theme Bacillus 1300:1307 arg1 sp 1320:1321 Bacillus alkalicola sp 1300:1321 the name Bacillus alkalicola sp 1291:1321 Comparative analysis of genotypic and phenotypic features indicated that strain Zby6(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alkalicola sp. 24756808 1 17 theme gram-positive 47:59 arg1 bacterium 61:69 an alkaliphilic, gram-positive bacterium 30:69 bacterium 61:69 nov., an alkaliphilic, gram-positive bacterium isolated from Zhabuye Lake in Tibet, China. 24756808 1 17 theme gram-positive 47:59 arg1 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov., an alkaliphilic, gram-positive bacterium isolated from Zhabuye Lake in Tibet, China. 24756808 9 18 theme gene 870:873 arg1 sequences 875:883 16S rRNA gene sequences 861:883 16S rRNA gene sequences 861:883 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity). 24756808 11 19 theme genus 1265:1269 arg1 species 1250:1256 a novel species 1242:1256 a novel species 1242:1256 Comparative analysis of genotypic and phenotypic features indicated that strain Zby6(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alkalicola sp. 24756808 12 20 theme NBRC 1405:1408 arg1 T 1417:1417 =CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T) 1370:1418 =CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T) 1370:1418 nov. is proposed; the type strain is Zby6(T) (=CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T)). 24756808 12 20 theme NBRC 1405:1408 arg1 Zby6 1361:1364 Zby6 1361:1364 Zby6(T) (=CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T)) 1361:1419 nov. is proposed; the type strain is Zby6(T) (=CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T)). 24756808 10 21 theme DNA-DNA 1040:1046 arg1 value 1060:1064 The DNA-DNA relatedness value 1036:1064 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Zby6(T) and B. cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) 1036:1123 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Zby6(T) and B. cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) was 59.2 ± 1.8 %. 24756808 10 21 theme DNA-DNA 1040:1046 arg1 % 1140:1140 59.2 ± 1.8 % 1129:1140 59.2 ± 1.8 % 1129:1140 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Zby6(T) and B. cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) was 59.2 ± 1.8 %. 24756808 9 22 theme related 966:972 arg1 Zby6 906:909 strain Zby6 899:909 strain Zby6(T) 899:912 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity). 24756808 9 22 theme related 966:972 arg1 member 920:925 a member 918:925 a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity) 918:1033 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity). 24756808 11 23 theme features 1192:1199 arg1 analysis 1155:1162 Comparative analysis 1143:1162 Comparative analysis of genotypic and phenotypic features 1143:1199 Comparative analysis of genotypic and phenotypic features indicated that strain Zby6(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alkalicola sp. 24756808 3 24 theme optimum 275:281 arg1 pH 262:263 pH 8.0-11.0 262:272 pH 8.0-11.0 (optimum at pH 10.0) 262:293 The strain was able to grow at pH 8.0-11.0 (optimum at pH 10.0), in 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3 %, w/v) and at 10-45 °C (optimum at 37 °C). 24756808 3 24 theme optimum 275:281 arg1 pH 286:287 optimum at pH 10.0 275:292 optimum at pH 10.0 275:292 The strain was able to grow at pH 8.0-11.0 (optimum at pH 10.0), in 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3 %, w/v) and at 10-45 °C (optimum at 37 °C). 24756808 2 25 theme Gram-positive 117:129 arg1 bacterium 145:153 A Gram-positive, alkaliphilic bacterium 115:153 A Gram-positive, alkaliphilic bacterium 115:153 A Gram-positive, alkaliphilic bacterium, designated strain Zby6(T), was isolated from Zhabuye Lake in Tibet, China. 24756808 9 26 theme Bacillus 977:984 arg1 T 1012:1012 T 1012:1012 T 1012:1012 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity). 24756808 9 26 theme Bacillus 977:984 arg1 2522 1007:1010 Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522 977:1010 Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity) 977:1033 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity). 24756808 9 26 theme Bacillus 977:984 arg1 similarity 1023:1032 97.7 % similarity 1016:1032 97.7 % similarity 1016:1032 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity). 24756808 10 27 theme 1.8 1136:1138 arg1 ± 1134:1134 ± 1134:1134 ± 1134:1134 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Zby6(T) and B. cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) was 59.2 ± 1.8 %. 24756808 0 28 theme alkalicola 9:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Bacillus alkalicola sp 0:21 Bacillus alkalicola sp. 0:22 Bacillus alkalicola sp. 24756808 5 29 contain contained 546:554 arg1 peptidoglycan 532:544 its cell wall peptidoglycan 518:544 its cell wall peptidoglycan 518:544 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and its cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24756808 5 29 contain contained 546:554 arg2 acid 576:579 meso-diaminopimelic acid 556:579 meso-diaminopimelic acid 556:579 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and its cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24756808 12 30 theme type 1346:1349 arg1 Zby6 1361:1364 Zby6 1361:1364 Zby6(T) (=CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T)) 1361:1419 nov. is proposed; the type strain is Zby6(T) (=CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T)). 24756808 12 30 theme type 1346:1349 arg1 strain 1351:1356 the type strain 1342:1356 the type strain 1342:1356 nov. is proposed; the type strain is Zby6(T) (=CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T)). 24756808 0 31 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 20:21 Bacillus alkalicola sp 0:21 Bacillus alkalicola sp. 0:22 Bacillus alkalicola sp. 24756808 2 32 dep Gram-positive 117:129 arg1 alkaliphilic 132:143 alkaliphilic 132:143 alkaliphilic 132:143 A Gram-positive, alkaliphilic bacterium, designated strain Zby6(T), was isolated from Zhabuye Lake in Tibet, China. 24756808 8 33 theme mol 824:826 arg1 % 827:827 38.9 mol% 819:827 38.9 mol% 819:827 The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 38.9 mol%. 24756808 8 33 theme mol 824:826 arg1 content 792:798 The genomic DNA G+C content 772:798 The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate 772:813 The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 38.9 mol%. 24756808 9 34 theme strain 899:904 arg1 Zby6 906:909 strain Zby6 899:909 strain Zby6(T) 899:912 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity). 24756808 9 34 theme strain 899:904 arg1 member 920:925 a member 918:925 a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity) 918:1033 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity). 24756808 9 34 theme strain 899:904 arg1 T 911:911 T 911:911 T 911:911 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity). 24756808 10 35 theme 59.2 1129:1132 arg1 ± 1134:1134 ± 1134:1134 ± 1134:1134 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Zby6(T) and B. cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) was 59.2 ± 1.8 %. 24756808 5 36 theme cell 522:525 arg1 peptidoglycan 532:544 its cell wall peptidoglycan 518:544 its cell wall peptidoglycan 518:544 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and its cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24756808 9 37 theme DSM 1003:1005 arg1 T 1012:1012 T 1012:1012 T 1012:1012 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity). 24756808 9 37 theme DSM 1003:1005 arg1 2522 1007:1010 Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522 977:1010 Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity) 977:1033 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity). 24756808 9 37 theme DSM 1003:1005 arg1 similarity 1023:1032 97.7 % similarity 1016:1032 97.7 % similarity 1016:1032 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity). 24756808 9 38 dep Bacillus 940:947 arg1 the 930:932 the 930:932 the 930:932 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity). 24756808 1 39 attach isolated 71:78 arg1 Lake 93:96 Lake 93:96 Lake 93:96 nov., an alkaliphilic, gram-positive bacterium isolated from Zhabuye Lake in Tibet, China. 24756808 1 39 attach isolated 71:78 arg2 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov., an alkaliphilic, gram-positive bacterium isolated from Zhabuye Lake in Tibet, China. 24756808 1 39 attach isolated 71:78 arg2 bacterium 61:69 an alkaliphilic, gram-positive bacterium 30:69 bacterium 61:69 nov., an alkaliphilic, gram-positive bacterium isolated from Zhabuye Lake in Tibet, China. 24756808 5 40 theme wall 527:530 arg1 peptidoglycan 532:544 its cell wall peptidoglycan 518:544 its cell wall peptidoglycan 518:544 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and its cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24756808 2 41 theme strain 167:172 arg1 T 179:179 T 179:179 T 179:179 A Gram-positive, alkaliphilic bacterium, designated strain Zby6(T), was isolated from Zhabuye Lake in Tibet, China. 24756808 2 41 theme strain 167:172 arg1 Zby6 174:177 strain Zby6 167:177 strain Zby6(T) 167:180 A Gram-positive, alkaliphilic bacterium, designated strain Zby6(T), was isolated from Zhabuye Lake in Tibet, China. 24756808 11 42 theme genotypic 1167:1175 arg1 features 1192:1199 genotypic and phenotypic features 1167:1199 genotypic and phenotypic features 1167:1199 Comparative analysis of genotypic and phenotypic features indicated that strain Zby6(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alkalicola sp. 24756808 4 43 theme polar 452:456 arg1 flagellum 458:466 polar flagellum 452:466 polar flagellum 452:466 Cells of the isolate were facultatively anaerobic and spore-forming rods with polar flagellum. 24756808 11 44 dep genus 1265:1269 arg1 Bacillus 1271:1278 the genus Bacillus 1261:1278 the genus Bacillus 1261:1278 Comparative analysis of genotypic and phenotypic features indicated that strain Zby6(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alkalicola sp. 24756808 10 45 theme relatedness 1048:1058 arg1 value 1060:1064 The DNA-DNA relatedness value 1036:1064 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Zby6(T) and B. cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) 1036:1123 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Zby6(T) and B. cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) was 59.2 ± 1.8 %. 24756808 10 45 theme relatedness 1048:1058 arg1 % 1140:1140 59.2 ± 1.8 % 1129:1140 59.2 ± 1.8 % 1129:1140 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Zby6(T) and B. cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) was 59.2 ± 1.8 %. 24756808 9 46 dep Bacillus 977:984 arg1 cellulosilyticus 986:1001 cellulosilyticus 986:1001 cellulosilyticus 986:1001 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity). 24756808 3 47 theme w/v 306:308 arg1 NaCl 311:314 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl 299:314 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3 %, w/v) 299:336 The strain was able to grow at pH 8.0-11.0 (optimum at pH 10.0), in 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3 %, w/v) and at 10-45 °C (optimum at 37 °C). 24756808 12 48 theme 107743 1410:1415 arg1 T 1417:1417 =CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T) 1370:1418 =CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T) 1370:1418 nov. is proposed; the type strain is Zby6(T) (=CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T)). 24756808 12 48 theme 107743 1410:1415 arg1 Zby6 1361:1364 Zby6 1361:1364 Zby6(T) (=CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T)) 1361:1419 nov. is proposed; the type strain is Zby6(T) (=CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T)). 24756808 3 49 dep NaCl 311:314 arg1 w/v 333:335 w/v 333:335 w/v 333:335 The strain was able to grow at pH 8.0-11.0 (optimum at pH 10.0), in 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3 %, w/v) and at 10-45 °C (optimum at 37 °C). 24756808 3 49 dep NaCl 311:314 arg1 % 330:330 optimum at 3 % 317:330 optimum at 3 % 317:330 The strain was able to grow at pH 8.0-11.0 (optimum at pH 10.0), in 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3 %, w/v) and at 10-45 °C (optimum at 37 °C). 24756808 5 50 theme meso-diaminopimelic 556:574 arg1 acid 576:579 meso-diaminopimelic acid 556:579 meso-diaminopimelic acid 556:579 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and its cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24756808 3 51 from pH 286:287 arg1 at 283:284 optimum at pH 10.0 275:292 optimum at pH 10.0 275:292 The strain was able to grow at pH 8.0-11.0 (optimum at pH 10.0), in 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3 %, w/v) and at 10-45 °C (optimum at 37 °C). 24756808 6 52 theme fatty 601:605 arg1 iso-C 618:622 iso-C 618:622 iso-C(15:0) 618:628 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15:0), C(16:0) and anteiso-C(15:0). 24756808 6 52 theme fatty 601:605 arg1 acids 607:611 The major cellular fatty acids 582:611 The major cellular fatty acids 582:611 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15:0), C(16:0) and anteiso-C(15:0). 24756808 3 53 theme % 303:303 arg1 NaCl 311:314 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl 299:314 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3 %, w/v) 299:336 The strain was able to grow at pH 8.0-11.0 (optimum at pH 10.0), in 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3 %, w/v) and at 10-45 °C (optimum at 37 °C). 24756808 6 54 theme cellular 592:599 arg1 iso-C 618:622 iso-C 618:622 iso-C(15:0) 618:628 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15:0), C(16:0) and anteiso-C(15:0). 24756808 6 54 theme cellular 592:599 arg1 acids 607:611 The major cellular fatty acids 582:611 The major cellular fatty acids 582:611 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15:0), C(16:0) and anteiso-C(15:0). 24756808 12 55 theme = 1388:1388 arg1 T 1417:1417 =CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T) 1370:1418 =CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T) 1370:1418 nov. is proposed; the type strain is Zby6(T) (=CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T)). 24756808 12 55 theme = 1388:1388 arg1 Zby6 1361:1364 Zby6 1361:1364 Zby6(T) (=CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T)) 1361:1419 nov. is proposed; the type strain is Zby6(T) (=CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T)). 24756808 9 56 theme 97.7 1016:1019 arg1 % 1021:1021 % 1021:1021 % 1021:1021 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity). 24756808 4 57 with rods 442:445 arg1 flagellum 458:466 polar flagellum 452:466 polar flagellum 452:466 Cells of the isolate were facultatively anaerobic and spore-forming rods with polar flagellum. 24756808 10 58 theme B. 1093:1094 arg1 T 1122:1122 T 1122:1122 T 1122:1122 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Zby6(T) and B. cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) was 59.2 ± 1.8 %. 24756808 10 58 theme B. 1093:1094 arg1 2522 1117:1120 B. cellulosilyticus DSM 2522 1093:1120 B. cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) 1093:1123 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Zby6(T) and B. cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) was 59.2 ± 1.8 %. 24756808 4 59 theme spore-forming 428:440 arg1 rods 442:445 facultatively anaerobic and spore-forming rods 400:445 facultatively anaerobic and spore-forming rods with polar flagellum 400:466 Cells of the isolate were facultatively anaerobic and spore-forming rods with polar flagellum. 24756808 6 60 theme major 586:590 arg1 iso-C 618:622 iso-C 618:622 iso-C(15:0) 618:628 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15:0), C(16:0) and anteiso-C(15:0). 24756808 6 60 theme major 586:590 arg1 acids 607:611 The major cellular fatty acids 582:611 The major cellular fatty acids 582:611 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15:0), C(16:0) and anteiso-C(15:0). 24756808 9 61 theme % 1021:1021 arg1 2522 1007:1010 Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522 977:1010 Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity) 977:1033 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity). 24756808 9 61 theme % 1021:1021 arg1 similarity 1023:1032 97.7 % similarity 1016:1032 97.7 % similarity 1016:1032 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity). 24756808 11 62 dep name 1295:1298 arg1 sp 1320:1321 Bacillus alkalicola sp 1300:1321 the name Bacillus alkalicola sp 1291:1321 Comparative analysis of genotypic and phenotypic features indicated that strain Zby6(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alkalicola sp. 24756808 10 63 theme DSM 1113:1115 arg1 T 1122:1122 T 1122:1122 T 1122:1122 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Zby6(T) and B. cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) was 59.2 ± 1.8 %. 24756808 10 63 theme DSM 1113:1115 arg1 2522 1117:1120 B. cellulosilyticus DSM 2522 1093:1120 B. cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) 1093:1123 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Zby6(T) and B. cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) was 59.2 ± 1.8 %. 24756808 11 64 theme phenotypic 1181:1190 arg1 features 1192:1199 genotypic and phenotypic features 1167:1199 genotypic and phenotypic features 1167:1199 Comparative analysis of genotypic and phenotypic features indicated that strain Zby6(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alkalicola sp. 24756808 9 65 theme Phylogenetic 830:841 arg1 analysis 843:850 Phylogenetic analysis 830:850 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 830:883 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity). 24756808 12 66 theme = 1403:1403 arg1 T 1417:1417 =CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T) 1370:1418 =CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T) 1370:1418 nov. is proposed; the type strain is Zby6(T) (=CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T)). 24756808 12 66 theme = 1403:1403 arg1 Zby6 1361:1364 Zby6 1361:1364 Zby6(T) (=CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T)) 1361:1419 nov. is proposed; the type strain is Zby6(T) (=CGMCC 1.10368(T) = JCM 17098(T) = NBRC 107743(T)). 24756808 9 67 theme rRNA 865:868 arg1 sequences 875:883 16S rRNA gene sequences 861:883 16S rRNA gene sequences 861:883 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) (97.7 % similarity). 24756808 10 68 dep B. 1093:1094 arg1 cellulosilyticus 1096:1111 cellulosilyticus 1096:1111 cellulosilyticus 1096:1111 The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Zby6(T) and B. cellulosilyticus DSM 2522(T) was 59.2 ± 1.8 %. 24756808 11 69 theme strain 1216:1221 arg1 T 1228:1228 T 1228:1228 T 1228:1228 Comparative analysis of genotypic and phenotypic features indicated that strain Zby6(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alkalicola sp. 24756808 11 69 theme strain 1216:1221 arg1 Zby6 1223:1226 strain Zby6 1216:1226 strain Zby6(T) 1216:1229 Comparative analysis of genotypic and phenotypic features indicated that strain Zby6(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alkalicola sp. 24756808 1 70 theme alkaliphilic 33:44 arg1 bacterium 61:69 an alkaliphilic, gram-positive bacterium 30:69 bacterium 61:69 nov., an alkaliphilic, gram-positive bacterium isolated from Zhabuye Lake in Tibet, China. 24756808 1 70 theme alkaliphilic 33:44 arg1 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov., an alkaliphilic, gram-positive bacterium isolated from Zhabuye Lake in Tibet, China. 24756808 8 71 theme DNA 784:786 arg1 % 827:827 38.9 mol% 819:827 38.9 mol% 819:827 The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 38.9 mol%. 24756808 8 71 theme DNA 784:786 arg1 content 792:798 The genomic DNA G+C content 772:798 The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate 772:813 The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 38.9 mol%. 24756808 7 72 theme polar 670:674 arg1 lipids 676:681 The major polar lipids 660:681 The major polar lipids 660:681 The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. 25242536 10 0 theme name 1412:1415 arg1 sp 1440:1441 the name Domibacillus enclensis sp 1408:1441 the name Domibacillus enclensis sp 1408:1441 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain NIO-1016(T) and its closest neighbours indicate that this strain represents a novel species in the genus Domibacillus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Domibacillus enclensis sp. 25242536 9 1 theme % 1154:1154 arg1 similarity 1156:1165 96 % similarity 1151:1165 96 % similarity 1151:1165 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 10 2 theme family 1379:1384 arg1 Bacillaceae 1386:1396 the family Bacillaceae 1375:1396 the family Bacillaceae 1375:1396 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain NIO-1016(T) and its closest neighbours indicate that this strain represents a novel species in the genus Domibacillus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Domibacillus enclensis sp. 25242536 11 3 theme  = NCIM 1511:1517 arg1 T 1546:1546 T 1546:1546 T 1546:1546 nov. is proposed with the type species NIO-1016(T) ( = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T)). 25242536 11 3 theme  = NCIM 1511:1517 arg1 2011121 1538:1544  = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121 1496:1544  = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T) 1496:1547 nov. is proposed with the type species NIO-1016(T) ( = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T)). 25242536 5 4 dep anteiso-C15  560:571 arg1  0 573:574  0 573:574  0 573:574 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25242536 5 4 dep anteiso-C15  560:571 arg1 anteiso-C15  560:571 anteiso-C15  560:571 anteiso-C15  560:571 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25242536 5 4 dep anteiso-C15  560:571 arg1 acids 549:553 The major fatty acids 533:553 The major fatty acids 533:553 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25242536 11 5 theme 25145 1503:1507 arg1 T 1546:1546 T 1546:1546 T 1546:1546 nov. is proposed with the type species NIO-1016(T) ( = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T)). 25242536 11 5 theme 25145 1503:1507 arg1 2011121 1538:1544  = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121 1496:1544  = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T) 1496:1547 nov. is proposed with the type species NIO-1016(T) ( = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T)). 25242536 4 6 theme G+C 506:508 arg1 content 510:516 The genomic DNA G+C content 490:516 The genomic DNA G+C content 490:516 The genomic DNA G+C content was 46.9 mol%. 25242536 4 6 theme G+C 506:508 arg1 % 530:530 46.9 mol% 522:530 46.9 mol% 522:530 The genomic DNA G+C content was 46.9 mol%. 25242536 9 7 theme % 1084:1084 arg1 similarity 1086:1095 97.2 % similarity 1079:1095 97.2 % similarity 1079:1095 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 9 7 theme % 1084:1084 arg1 DSM 1065:1067 Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032 1044:1073 Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity) 1044:1096 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 9 8 theme Domibacillus 982:993 arg1 neighbours 952:961 The closest phylogenetic neighbours 927:961 The closest phylogenetic neighbours 927:961 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 9 8 theme Domibacillus 982:993 arg1 similarity 1028:1037 98.0 % similarity 1021:1037 98.0 % similarity 1021:1037 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 9 8 theme Domibacillus 982:993 arg1 T 1017:1017 T 1017:1017 T 1017:1017 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 9 8 theme Domibacillus 982:993 arg1 25058 1011:1015 Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058 982:1015 Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) 982:1038 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 10 9 theme strain 1247:1252 arg1 T 1263:1263 T 1263:1263 T 1263:1263 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain NIO-1016(T) and its closest neighbours indicate that this strain represents a novel species in the genus Domibacillus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Domibacillus enclensis sp. 25242536 10 9 theme strain 1247:1252 arg1 NIO-1016 1254:1261 strain NIO-1016 1247:1261 strain NIO-1016(T) 1247:1264 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain NIO-1016(T) and its closest neighbours indicate that this strain represents a novel species in the genus Domibacillus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Domibacillus enclensis sp. 25242536 4 10 theme DNA 502:504 arg1 content 510:516 The genomic DNA G+C content 490:516 The genomic DNA G+C content 490:516 The genomic DNA G+C content was 46.9 mol%. 25242536 4 10 theme DNA 502:504 arg1 % 530:530 46.9 mol% 522:530 46.9 mol% 522:530 The genomic DNA G+C content was 46.9 mol%. 25242536 8 11 theme whole-cell 884:893 arg1 glucose 907:913 glucose 907:913 glucose 907:913 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major whole-cell sugars were glucose and ribose. 25242536 8 11 theme whole-cell 884:893 arg1 sugars 895:900 the major whole-cell sugars 874:900 the major whole-cell sugars 874:900 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major whole-cell sugars were glucose and ribose. 25242536 1 12 theme marine 47:52 arg1 sediment 54:61 marine sediment 47:61 marine sediment 47:61 nov., isolated from marine sediment, and emended description of the genus Domibacillus. 25242536 2 13 attach isolated 183:190 arg2 strain 147:152 A novel red-pigmented bacterial strain 115:152 A novel red-pigmented bacterial strain 115:152 A novel red-pigmented bacterial strain, designated NIO-1016(T), was isolated from a sediment sample from Chorao Island, India and was investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25242536 2 13 attach isolated 183:190 arg1 sample 208:213 a sediment sample 197:213 a sediment sample from Chorao Island, India 197:239 A novel red-pigmented bacterial strain, designated NIO-1016(T), was isolated from a sediment sample from Chorao Island, India and was investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25242536 11 14 theme type 1470:1473 arg1 species 1475:1481 the type species NIO-1016(T) ( = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T)) 1466:1548 the type species NIO-1016(T) ( = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T)) 1466:1548 nov. is proposed with the type species NIO-1016(T) ( = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T)). 25242536 9 15 theme 98.0  1021:1025 arg1 % 1026:1026 % 1026:1026 % 1026:1026 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 7 16 theme unidentified 764:775 arg1 phospholipid 777:788 an unidentified phospholipid 761:788 an unidentified phospholipid 761:788 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and an unidentified phospholipid. 25242536 3 17 theme swollen 471:477 arg1 sporangia 479:487 swollen sporangia 471:487 swollen sporangia 471:487 The strain was Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, motile and catalase-positive and produced spherical to slightly ellipsoidal endospores with subterminal position on swollen sporangia. 25242536 2 18 theme bacterial 137:145 arg1 strain 147:152 A novel red-pigmented bacterial strain 115:152 A novel red-pigmented bacterial strain 115:152 A novel red-pigmented bacterial strain, designated NIO-1016(T), was isolated from a sediment sample from Chorao Island, India and was investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25242536 9 19 theme Domibacillus 1044:1055 arg1 neighbours 952:961 The closest phylogenetic neighbours 927:961 The closest phylogenetic neighbours 927:961 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 9 19 theme Domibacillus 1044:1055 arg1 DSM 1065:1067 Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032 1044:1073 Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity) 1044:1096 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 9 19 theme Domibacillus 1044:1055 arg1 T 1075:1075 T 1075:1075 T 1075:1075 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 9 19 theme Domibacillus 1044:1055 arg1 similarity 1086:1095 97.2 % similarity 1079:1095 97.2 % similarity 1079:1095 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 10 20 theme physiological 1182:1194 arg1 differences 1227:1237 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences 1168:1237 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain NIO-1016(T) and its closest neighbours 1168:1291 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain NIO-1016(T) and its closest neighbours indicate that this strain represents a novel species in the genus Domibacillus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Domibacillus enclensis sp. 25242536 1 21 attach isolated 33:40 arg2 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., isolated from marine sediment, and emended description of the genus Domibacillus. 25242536 1 21 attach isolated 33:40 arg1 sediment 54:61 marine sediment 47:61 marine sediment 47:61 nov., isolated from marine sediment, and emended description of the genus Domibacillus. 25242536 2 22 theme red-pigmented 123:135 arg1 strain 147:152 A novel red-pigmented bacterial strain 115:152 A novel red-pigmented bacterial strain 115:152 A novel red-pigmented bacterial strain, designated NIO-1016(T), was isolated from a sediment sample from Chorao Island, India and was investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25242536 5 23 theme fatty 543:547 arg1  0 573:574  0 573:574  0 573:574 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25242536 5 23 theme fatty 543:547 arg1 anteiso-C15  560:571 anteiso-C15  560:571 anteiso-C15  560:571 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25242536 5 23 theme fatty 543:547 arg1 acids 549:553 The major fatty acids 533:553 The major fatty acids 533:553 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25242536 0 24 theme enclensis 13:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Domibacillus enclensis sp 0:24 Domibacillus enclensis sp. 0:25 Domibacillus enclensis sp. 25242536 2 25 theme novel 117:121 arg1 strain 147:152 A novel red-pigmented bacterial strain 115:152 A novel red-pigmented bacterial strain 115:152 A novel red-pigmented bacterial strain, designated NIO-1016(T), was isolated from a sediment sample from Chorao Island, India and was investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25242536 8 26 located present 831:837 arg2 A1γ 822:824 type A1γ 817:824 type A1γ 817:824 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major whole-cell sugars were glucose and ribose. 25242536 8 26 located present 831:837 arg1 peptidoglycan 856:868 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 842:868 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 842:868 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major whole-cell sugars were glucose and ribose. 25242536 8 26 located present 831:837 arg2 acid 811:814 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 791:814 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) 791:825 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major whole-cell sugars were glucose and ribose. 25242536 2 27 theme polyphasic 267:276 arg1 approach 288:295 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 265:295 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 265:295 A novel red-pigmented bacterial strain, designated NIO-1016(T), was isolated from a sediment sample from Chorao Island, India and was investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25242536 6 28 theme predominant 623:633 arg1 quinones 635:642 The predominant quinones 619:642 The predominant quinones 619:642 The predominant quinones were MK-6 (89.3 %) and MK-7 (8.7 %). 25242536 6 28 theme predominant 623:633 arg1 MK-6 649:652 MK-6 649:652 MK-6 649:652 The predominant quinones were MK-6 (89.3 %) and MK-7 (8.7 %). 25242536 3 29 theme spherical 397:405 arg1 endospores 431:440 spherical to slightly ellipsoidal endospores 397:440 spherical to slightly ellipsoidal endospores 397:440 The strain was Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, motile and catalase-positive and produced spherical to slightly ellipsoidal endospores with subterminal position on swollen sporangia. 25242536 0 30 theme Domibacillus 0:11 arg1 sp 23:24 Domibacillus enclensis sp 0:24 Domibacillus enclensis sp. 0:25 Domibacillus enclensis sp. 25242536 8 31 attach present 831:837 arg2 A1γ 822:824 type A1γ 817:824 type A1γ 817:824 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major whole-cell sugars were glucose and ribose. 25242536 8 31 attach present 831:837 arg1 peptidoglycan 856:868 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 842:868 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 842:868 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major whole-cell sugars were glucose and ribose. 25242536 8 31 attach present 831:837 arg2 acid 811:814 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 791:814 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) 791:825 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major whole-cell sugars were glucose and ribose. 25242536 10 32 theme novel 1332:1336 arg1 species 1338:1344 a novel species 1330:1344 a novel species in the genus Domibacillus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Domibacillus enclensis sp 1330:1441 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain NIO-1016(T) and its closest neighbours indicate that this strain represents a novel species in the genus Domibacillus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Domibacillus enclensis sp. 25242536 11 33 dep species 1475:1481 arg1 NIO-1016 1483:1490 NIO-1016 1483:1490 NIO-1016 1483:1490 nov. is proposed with the type species NIO-1016(T) ( = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T)). 25242536 11 33 dep species 1475:1481 arg1 T 1492:1492 T 1492:1492 T 1492:1492 nov. is proposed with the type species NIO-1016(T) ( = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T)). 25242536 8 34 from present 831:837 arg1 peptidoglycan 856:868 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 842:868 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 842:868 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major whole-cell sugars were glucose and ribose. 25242536 11 35 theme T 1509:1509 arg1 T 1546:1546 T 1546:1546 T 1546:1546 nov. is proposed with the type species NIO-1016(T) ( = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T)). 25242536 11 35 theme T 1509:1509 arg1 2011121 1538:1544  = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121 1496:1544  = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T) 1496:1547 nov. is proposed with the type species NIO-1016(T) ( = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T)). 25242536 9 36 theme 97.2  1079:1083 arg1 % 1084:1084 % 1084:1084 % 1084:1084 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 2 37 theme sediment 199:206 arg1 sample 208:213 a sediment sample 197:213 a sediment sample from Chorao Island, India 197:239 A novel red-pigmented bacterial strain, designated NIO-1016(T), was isolated from a sediment sample from Chorao Island, India and was investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25242536 3 38 theme subterminal 447:457 arg1 position 459:466 subterminal position 447:466 subterminal position on swollen sporangia 447:487 The strain was Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, motile and catalase-positive and produced spherical to slightly ellipsoidal endospores with subterminal position on swollen sporangia. 25242536 10 39 theme biochemical 1197:1207 arg1 differences 1227:1237 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences 1168:1237 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain NIO-1016(T) and its closest neighbours 1168:1291 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain NIO-1016(T) and its closest neighbours indicate that this strain represents a novel species in the genus Domibacillus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Domibacillus enclensis sp. 25242536 7 40 theme polar 685:689 arg1 lipids 691:696 The polar lipids 681:696 The polar lipids 681:696 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and an unidentified phospholipid. 25242536 9 41 theme other 1099:1103 arg1 species 1105:1111 other species 1099:1111 other species of the genus Bacillus 1099:1133 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 10 42 theme Phylogenetic 1168:1179 arg1 differences 1227:1237 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences 1168:1237 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain NIO-1016(T) and its closest neighbours 1168:1291 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain NIO-1016(T) and its closest neighbours indicate that this strain represents a novel species in the genus Domibacillus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Domibacillus enclensis sp. 25242536 2 43 from Island 227:232 arg1 sample 208:213 a sediment sample 197:213 a sediment sample from Chorao Island, India 197:239 A novel red-pigmented bacterial strain, designated NIO-1016(T), was isolated from a sediment sample from Chorao Island, India and was investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25242536 3 44 dep spherical 397:405 arg1 ellipsoidal 419:429 ellipsoidal 419:429 ellipsoidal 419:429 The strain was Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, motile and catalase-positive and produced spherical to slightly ellipsoidal endospores with subterminal position on swollen sporangia. 25242536 3 44 dep spherical 397:405 arg1 to 407:408 to 407:408 to 407:408 The strain was Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, motile and catalase-positive and produced spherical to slightly ellipsoidal endospores with subterminal position on swollen sporangia. 25242536 9 45 theme % 1026:1026 arg1 similarity 1028:1037 98.0 % similarity 1021:1037 98.0 % similarity 1021:1037 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 9 45 theme % 1026:1026 arg1 25058 1011:1015 Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058 982:1015 Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) 982:1038 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 10 46 from species 1338:1344 arg1 Domibacillus 1359:1370 the genus Domibacillus 1349:1370 the genus Domibacillus in the family Bacillaceae 1349:1396 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain NIO-1016(T) and its closest neighbours indicate that this strain represents a novel species in the genus Domibacillus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Domibacillus enclensis sp. 25242536 10 47 theme genus 1353:1357 arg1 Domibacillus 1359:1370 the genus Domibacillus 1349:1370 the genus Domibacillus in the family Bacillaceae 1349:1396 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain NIO-1016(T) and its closest neighbours indicate that this strain represents a novel species in the genus Domibacillus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Domibacillus enclensis sp. 25242536 8 48 from peptidoglycan 856:868 arg1 present 831:837 present 831:837 present 831:837 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major whole-cell sugars were glucose and ribose. 25242536 11 49 theme T 1524:1524 arg1 T 1546:1546 T 1546:1546 T 1546:1546 nov. is proposed with the type species NIO-1016(T) ( = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T)). 25242536 11 49 theme T 1524:1524 arg1 2011121 1538:1544  = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121 1496:1544  = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T) 1496:1547 nov. is proposed with the type species NIO-1016(T) ( = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T)). 25242536 10 50 theme Domibacillus 1417:1428 arg1 sp 1440:1441 the name Domibacillus enclensis sp 1408:1441 the name Domibacillus enclensis sp 1408:1441 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain NIO-1016(T) and its closest neighbours indicate that this strain represents a novel species in the genus Domibacillus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Domibacillus enclensis sp. 25242536 10 51 theme morphological 1213:1225 arg1 differences 1227:1237 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences 1168:1237 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain NIO-1016(T) and its closest neighbours 1168:1291 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain NIO-1016(T) and its closest neighbours indicate that this strain represents a novel species in the genus Domibacillus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Domibacillus enclensis sp. 25242536 1 52 theme genus 95:99 arg1 Domibacillus 101:112 the genus Domibacillus 91:112 the genus Domibacillus 91:112 nov., isolated from marine sediment, and emended description of the genus Domibacillus. 25242536 11 53 theme  = DSM 1496:1501 arg1 T 1546:1546 T 1546:1546 T 1546:1546 nov. is proposed with the type species NIO-1016(T) ( = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T)). 25242536 11 53 theme  = DSM 1496:1501 arg1 2011121 1538:1544  = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121 1496:1544  = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T) 1496:1547 nov. is proposed with the type species NIO-1016(T) ( = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T)). 25242536 4 54 theme mol 527:529 arg1 content 510:516 The genomic DNA G+C content 490:516 The genomic DNA G+C content 490:516 The genomic DNA G+C content was 46.9 mol%. 25242536 4 54 theme mol 527:529 arg1 % 530:530 46.9 mol% 522:530 46.9 mol% 522:530 The genomic DNA G+C content was 46.9 mol%. 25242536 9 55 theme 96  1151:1153 arg1 % 1154:1154 % 1154:1154 % 1154:1154 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 11 56 theme AB 1535:1536 arg1 T 1546:1546 T 1546:1546 T 1546:1546 nov. is proposed with the type species NIO-1016(T) ( = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T)). 25242536 11 56 theme AB 1535:1536 arg1 2011121 1538:1544  = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121 1496:1544  = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T) 1496:1547 nov. is proposed with the type species NIO-1016(T) ( = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T)). 25242536 8 57 theme cell-wall 846:854 arg1 peptidoglycan 856:868 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 842:868 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 842:868 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major whole-cell sugars were glucose and ribose. 25242536 1 58 theme Domibacillus 101:112 arg1 description 76:86 description 76:86 description of the genus Domibacillus 76:112 nov., isolated from marine sediment, and emended description of the genus Domibacillus. 25242536 9 59 theme closest 931:937 arg1 neighbours 952:961 The closest phylogenetic neighbours 927:961 The closest phylogenetic neighbours 927:961 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 9 59 theme closest 931:937 arg1 DSM 1065:1067 Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032 1044:1073 Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity) 1044:1096 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 9 59 theme closest 931:937 arg1 25058 1011:1015 Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058 982:1015 Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) 982:1038 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 10 60 theme closest 1274:1280 arg1 neighbours 1282:1291 its closest neighbours 1270:1291 its closest neighbours 1270:1291 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain NIO-1016(T) and its closest neighbours indicate that this strain represents a novel species in the genus Domibacillus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Domibacillus enclensis sp. 25242536 3 61 dep Gram-reaction-positive 313:334 arg1 Gram-reaction-positive 313:334 Gram-reaction-positive 313:334 Gram-reaction-positive 313:334 The strain was Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, motile and catalase-positive and produced spherical to slightly ellipsoidal endospores with subterminal position on swollen sporangia. 25242536 3 61 dep Gram-reaction-positive 313:334 arg1 aerobic 346:352 aerobic 346:352 aerobic 346:352 The strain was Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, motile and catalase-positive and produced spherical to slightly ellipsoidal endospores with subterminal position on swollen sporangia. 25242536 3 61 dep Gram-reaction-positive 313:334 arg1 strain 302:307 The strain 298:307 The strain 298:307 The strain was Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, motile and catalase-positive and produced spherical to slightly ellipsoidal endospores with subterminal position on swollen sporangia. 25242536 9 62 theme Bacillus 1126:1133 arg1 species 1105:1111 other species 1099:1111 other species of the genus Bacillus 1099:1133 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 3 63 from position 459:466 arg1 sporangia 479:487 swollen sporangia 471:487 swollen sporangia 471:487 The strain was Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, motile and catalase-positive and produced spherical to slightly ellipsoidal endospores with subterminal position on swollen sporangia. 25242536 9 64 theme phylogenetic 939:950 arg1 neighbours 952:961 The closest phylogenetic neighbours 927:961 The closest phylogenetic neighbours 927:961 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 9 64 theme phylogenetic 939:950 arg1 DSM 1065:1067 Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032 1044:1073 Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity) 1044:1096 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 9 64 theme phylogenetic 939:950 arg1 25058 1011:1015 Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058 982:1015 Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) 982:1038 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 10 65 from Domibacillus 1359:1370 arg1 Bacillaceae 1386:1396 the family Bacillaceae 1375:1396 the family Bacillaceae 1375:1396 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain NIO-1016(T) and its closest neighbours indicate that this strain represents a novel species in the genus Domibacillus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Domibacillus enclensis sp. 25242536 5 66 theme major 537:541 arg1  0 573:574  0 573:574  0 573:574 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25242536 5 66 theme major 537:541 arg1 anteiso-C15  560:571 anteiso-C15  560:571 anteiso-C15  560:571 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25242536 5 66 theme major 537:541 arg1 acids 549:553 The major fatty acids 533:553 The major fatty acids 533:553 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25242536 11 67 theme  = CCTCC 1526:1533 arg1 T 1546:1546 T 1546:1546 T 1546:1546 nov. is proposed with the type species NIO-1016(T) ( = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T)). 25242536 11 67 theme  = CCTCC 1526:1533 arg1 2011121 1538:1544  = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121 1496:1544  = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T) 1496:1547 nov. is proposed with the type species NIO-1016(T) ( = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T)). 25242536 2 68 theme Chorao 220:225 arg1 India 235:239 India 235:239 India 235:239 A novel red-pigmented bacterial strain, designated NIO-1016(T), was isolated from a sediment sample from Chorao Island, India and was investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25242536 2 68 theme Chorao 220:225 arg1 Island 227:232 Chorao Island 220:232 Chorao Island 220:232 A novel red-pigmented bacterial strain, designated NIO-1016(T), was isolated from a sediment sample from Chorao Island, India and was investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25242536 9 69 theme indicus 1057:1063 arg1 neighbours 952:961 The closest phylogenetic neighbours 927:961 The closest phylogenetic neighbours 927:961 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 9 69 theme indicus 1057:1063 arg1 DSM 1065:1067 Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032 1044:1073 Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity) 1044:1096 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 9 69 theme indicus 1057:1063 arg1 T 1075:1075 T 1075:1075 T 1075:1075 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 9 69 theme indicus 1057:1063 arg1 similarity 1086:1095 97.2 % similarity 1079:1095 97.2 % similarity 1079:1095 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 2 70 theme taxonomic 278:286 arg1 approach 288:295 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 265:295 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 265:295 A novel red-pigmented bacterial strain, designated NIO-1016(T), was isolated from a sediment sample from Chorao Island, India and was investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25242536 10 71 theme enclensis 1430:1438 arg1 sp 1440:1441 the name Domibacillus enclensis sp 1408:1441 the name Domibacillus enclensis sp 1408:1441 Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain NIO-1016(T) and its closest neighbours indicate that this strain represents a novel species in the genus Domibacillus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Domibacillus enclensis sp. 25242536 9 72 dep Domibacillus 982:993 arg1 robiginosus 995:1005 robiginosus 995:1005 robiginosus 995:1005 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 8 73 theme meso-Diaminopimelic 791:809 arg1 acid 811:814 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 791:814 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) 791:825 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major whole-cell sugars were glucose and ribose. 25242536 8 73 theme meso-Diaminopimelic 791:809 arg1 A1γ 822:824 type A1γ 817:824 type A1γ 817:824 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major whole-cell sugars were glucose and ribose. 25242536 5 74 dep  0 573:574 arg1  0 603:604  0 603:604  0 603:604 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25242536 5 74 dep  0 573:574 arg1  0 590:591  0 590:591  0 590:591 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25242536 5 74 dep  0 573:574 arg1  0 615:616  0 615:616  0 615:616 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25242536 5 74 dep  0 573:574 arg1 C16  610:613 C16  610:613 C16  610:613 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 25242536 11 75 dep NIO-1016 1483:1490 arg1 T 1546:1546 T 1546:1546 T 1546:1546 nov. is proposed with the type species NIO-1016(T) ( = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T)). 25242536 11 75 dep NIO-1016 1483:1490 arg1 2011121 1538:1544  = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121 1496:1544  = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T) 1496:1547 nov. is proposed with the type species NIO-1016(T) ( = DSM 25145(T) = NCIM 5462(T) = CCTCC AB 2011121(T)). 25242536 8 76 theme type 817:820 arg1 acid 811:814 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 791:814 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) 791:825 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major whole-cell sugars were glucose and ribose. 25242536 8 76 theme type 817:820 arg1 A1γ 822:824 type A1γ 817:824 type A1γ 817:824 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major whole-cell sugars were glucose and ribose. 25242536 4 77 theme genomic 494:500 arg1 content 510:516 The genomic DNA G+C content 490:516 The genomic DNA G+C content 490:516 The genomic DNA G+C content was 46.9 mol%. 25242536 4 77 theme genomic 494:500 arg1 % 530:530 46.9 mol% 522:530 46.9 mol% 522:530 The genomic DNA G+C content was 46.9 mol%. 25242536 8 78 theme major 878:882 arg1 glucose 907:913 glucose 907:913 glucose 907:913 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major whole-cell sugars were glucose and ribose. 25242536 8 78 theme major 878:882 arg1 sugars 895:900 the major whole-cell sugars 874:900 the major whole-cell sugars 874:900 meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major whole-cell sugars were glucose and ribose. 25242536 9 79 theme DSM 1007:1009 arg1 neighbours 952:961 The closest phylogenetic neighbours 927:961 The closest phylogenetic neighbours 927:961 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 9 79 theme DSM 1007:1009 arg1 similarity 1028:1037 98.0 % similarity 1021:1037 98.0 % similarity 1021:1037 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 9 79 theme DSM 1007:1009 arg1 T 1017:1017 T 1017:1017 T 1017:1017 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 25242536 9 79 theme DSM 1007:1009 arg1 25058 1011:1015 Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058 982:1015 Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) 982:1038 The closest phylogenetic neighbours were identified as Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058(T) (98.0 % similarity) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032(T) (97.2 % similarity), other species of the genus Bacillus displayed below 96 % similarity. 28901898 5 0 theme phylum 676:681 arg1 Actinobacteria 683:696 the phylum Actinobacteria 672:696 the phylum Actinobacteria 672:696 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEYR-7T was a member of the phylum Actinobacteria, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Propioniciclava tarda DSM 22130T (94.3 %). 28901898 2 1 theme Gram-reaction-positive 107:128 arg1 strain 192:197 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain 105:197 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain 105:197 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain, designated TEYR-7T, was isolated from the leaves of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, northwest China. 28901898 3 2 dep occurred 378:385 arg1 optimum 493:499 optimum 493:499 optimum 493:499 Growth of strain TEYR-7T occurred at 15-37 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-1 %). 28901898 10 3 theme name 1390:1393 arg1 sp 1426:1427 the name Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp 1386:1427 the name Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp 1386:1427 On the basis of data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain TEYR-7T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Propioniciclava, for which the name Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp. 28901898 3 4 dep optimum 493:499 arg1 % 506:506 0-1 % 502:506 0-1 % 502:506 Growth of strain TEYR-7T occurred at 15-37 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-1 %). 28901898 5 5 theme Actinobacteria 683:696 arg1 TEYR-7T 648:654 strain TEYR-7T 641:654 strain TEYR-7T 641:654 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEYR-7T was a member of the phylum Actinobacteria, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Propioniciclava tarda DSM 22130T (94.3 %). 28901898 5 5 theme Actinobacteria 683:696 arg1 member 662:667 a member 660:667 a member of the phylum Actinobacteria 660:696 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEYR-7T was a member of the phylum Actinobacteria, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Propioniciclava tarda DSM 22130T (94.3 %). 28901898 12 6 theme =CCTCC AB 1476:1484 arg1 33808T 1500:1505 =CCTCC AB 2015257T=KCTC 33808T 1476:1505 =CCTCC AB 2015257T=KCTC 33808T 1476:1505 The type strain is TEYR-7T (=CCTCC AB 2015257T=KCTC 33808T). 28901898 12 6 theme =CCTCC AB 1476:1484 arg1 TEYR-7T 1467:1473 TEYR-7T 1467:1473 TEYR-7T (=CCTCC AB 2015257T=KCTC 33808T) 1467:1506 The type strain is TEYR-7T (=CCTCC AB 2015257T=KCTC 33808T). 28901898 5 7 theme Phylogenetic 574:585 arg1 analyses 587:594 Phylogenetic analyses 574:594 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 574:627 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEYR-7T was a member of the phylum Actinobacteria, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Propioniciclava tarda DSM 22130T (94.3 %). 28901898 10 8 theme strain 1288:1293 arg1 TEYR-7T 1295:1301 strain TEYR-7T 1288:1301 strain TEYR-7T 1288:1301 On the basis of data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain TEYR-7T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Propioniciclava, for which the name Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp. 28901898 6 9 theme fatty 892:896 arg1 acids 898:902 the major cellular fatty acids 873:902 the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) 873:910 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T was menaquinone MK-9(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28901898 6 9 theme fatty 892:896 arg1 % 909:909 >10 % 905:909 >10 % 905:909 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T was menaquinone MK-9(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28901898 6 9 theme fatty 892:896 arg1 anteiso-C15  917:928 anteiso-C15  917:928 anteiso-C15  917:928 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T was menaquinone MK-9(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28901898 3 10 theme strain 363:368 arg1 Growth 353:358 Growth 353:358 Growth of strain TEYR-7T 353:376 Growth of strain TEYR-7T occurred at 15-37 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-1 %). 28901898 3 11 dep optimum 435:441 arg1 pH 444:445 pH 7.0 444:449 pH 7.0 444:449 Growth of strain TEYR-7T occurred at 15-37 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-1 %). 28901898 6 12 dep anteiso-C15  917:928 arg1 C16  937:940 C16  937:940 C16  937:940 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T was menaquinone MK-9(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28901898 6 12 dep anteiso-C15  917:928 arg1  0 930:931  0 930:931  0 930:931 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T was menaquinone MK-9(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28901898 6 13 theme cellular 883:890 arg1 acids 898:902 the major cellular fatty acids 873:902 the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) 873:910 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T was menaquinone MK-9(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28901898 6 13 theme cellular 883:890 arg1 % 909:909 >10 % 905:909 >10 % 905:909 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T was menaquinone MK-9(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28901898 6 13 theme cellular 883:890 arg1 anteiso-C15  917:928 anteiso-C15  917:928 anteiso-C15  917:928 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T was menaquinone MK-9(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28901898 10 14 theme polyphasic 1260:1269 arg1 study 1281:1285 the present polyphasic taxonomic study 1248:1285 the present polyphasic taxonomic study 1248:1285 On the basis of data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain TEYR-7T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Propioniciclava, for which the name Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp. 28901898 2 15 theme rod-shaped 156:165 arg1 strain 192:197 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain 105:197 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain 105:197 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain, designated TEYR-7T, was isolated from the leaves of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, northwest China. 28901898 10 16 dep data 1238:1241 arg1 the 1225:1227 the 1225:1227 the 1225:1227 On the basis of data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain TEYR-7T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Propioniciclava, for which the name Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp. 28901898 10 16 dep data 1238:1241 arg1 basis 1229:1233 basis 1229:1233 basis 1229:1233 On the basis of data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain TEYR-7T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Propioniciclava, for which the name Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp. 28901898 6 17 located detected 817:824 arg2 MK-9 860:863 menaquinone MK-9 848:863 menaquinone MK-9(H4) 848:867 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T was menaquinone MK-9(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28901898 6 17 located detected 817:824 arg2 quinone 809:815 The only respiratory quinone 788:815 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T 788:842 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T was menaquinone MK-9(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28901898 6 17 located detected 817:824 arg1 TEYR-7T 836:842 strain TEYR-7T 829:842 strain TEYR-7T 829:842 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T was menaquinone MK-9(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28901898 2 18 attach isolated 224:231 arg1 the 238:240 the 238:240 the 238:240 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain, designated TEYR-7T, was isolated from the leaves of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, northwest China. 28901898 2 18 attach isolated 224:231 arg2 strain 192:197 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain 105:197 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain 105:197 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain, designated TEYR-7T, was isolated from the leaves of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, northwest China. 28901898 7 19 theme unidentified 1062:1073 arg1 glycolipids 1046:1056 two unidentified glycolipids 1029:1056 two unidentified glycolipids 1029:1056 The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified lipids. 28901898 7 19 theme unidentified 1062:1073 arg1 phospholipid 1075:1086 an unidentified phospholipid 1059:1086 an unidentified phospholipid 1059:1086 The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified lipids. 28901898 6 20 theme respiratory 797:807 arg1 MK-9 860:863 menaquinone MK-9 848:863 menaquinone MK-9(H4) 848:867 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T was menaquinone MK-9(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28901898 6 20 theme respiratory 797:807 arg1 quinone 809:815 The only respiratory quinone 788:815 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T 788:842 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T was menaquinone MK-9(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28901898 3 21 dep optimum 400:406 arg1 28-30 °C 409:416 28-30 °C 409:416 28-30 °C 409:416 Growth of strain TEYR-7T occurred at 15-37 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-1 %). 28901898 10 22 theme taxonomic 1271:1279 arg1 study 1281:1285 the present polyphasic taxonomic study 1248:1285 the present polyphasic taxonomic study 1248:1285 On the basis of data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain TEYR-7T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Propioniciclava, for which the name Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp. 28901898 1 23 theme Sinopodophyllum 65:79 arg1 Ying 99:102 Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying 65:102 Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying 65:102 nov., isolated from leaves of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying. 28901898 7 24 theme polar 950:954 arg1 profile 962:968 The polar lipid profile 946:968 The polar lipid profile 946:968 The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified lipids. 28901898 6 25 theme major 877:881 arg1 acids 898:902 the major cellular fatty acids 873:902 the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) 873:910 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T was menaquinone MK-9(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28901898 6 25 theme major 877:881 arg1 % 909:909 >10 % 905:909 >10 % 905:909 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T was menaquinone MK-9(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28901898 6 25 theme major 877:881 arg1 anteiso-C15  917:928 anteiso-C15  917:928 anteiso-C15  917:928 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T was menaquinone MK-9(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28901898 2 26 theme anaerobic 145:153 arg1 strain 192:197 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain 105:197 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain 105:197 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain, designated TEYR-7T, was isolated from the leaves of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, northwest China. 28901898 7 27 theme lipid 956:960 arg1 profile 962:968 The polar lipid profile 946:968 The polar lipid profile 946:968 The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified lipids. 28901898 1 28 theme hexandrum 81:89 arg1 Ying 99:102 Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying 65:102 Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying 65:102 nov., isolated from leaves of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying. 28901898 8 29 theme genomic 1123:1129 arg1 G+C content 1135:1145 The genomic DNA G+C content 1119:1145 The genomic DNA G+C content 1119:1145 The genomic DNA G+C content was 71.2 mol%. 28901898 8 29 theme genomic 1123:1129 arg1 % 1159:1159 71.2 mol% 1151:1159 71.2 mol% 1151:1159 The genomic DNA G+C content was 71.2 mol%. 28901898 5 30 theme sequence 722:729 arg1 similarity 731:740 the highest sequence similarity 710:740 the highest sequence similarity 710:740 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEYR-7T was a member of the phylum Actinobacteria, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Propioniciclava tarda DSM 22130T (94.3 %). 28901898 9 31 located detected 1191:1198 arg1 peptidoglycan 1207:1219 the peptidoglycan 1203:1219 the peptidoglycan 1203:1219 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. 28901898 9 31 located detected 1191:1198 arg2 acid 1182:1185 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1162:1185 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1162:1185 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. 28901898 0 32 theme Propioniciclava 0:14 arg1 sinopodophylli 16:29 Propioniciclava sinopodophylli 0:29 Propioniciclava sinopodophylli 0:29 Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp. 28901898 8 33 theme DNA 1131:1133 arg1 G+C content 1135:1145 The genomic DNA G+C content 1119:1145 The genomic DNA G+C content 1119:1145 The genomic DNA G+C content was 71.2 mol%. 28901898 8 33 theme DNA 1131:1133 arg1 % 1159:1159 71.2 mol% 1151:1159 71.2 mol% 1151:1159 The genomic DNA G+C content was 71.2 mol%. 28901898 1 34 theme Royle 92:96 arg1 Ying 99:102 Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying 65:102 Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying 65:102 nov., isolated from leaves of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying. 28901898 10 35 theme novel 1332:1336 arg1 species 1338:1344 a novel species 1330:1344 a novel species 1330:1344 On the basis of data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain TEYR-7T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Propioniciclava, for which the name Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp. 28901898 7 36 theme unidentified 1033:1044 arg1 glycolipids 1046:1056 two unidentified glycolipids 1029:1056 two unidentified glycolipids 1029:1056 The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified lipids. 28901898 7 36 theme unidentified 1033:1044 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 983:1002 phosphatidylglycerol 983:1002 phosphatidylglycerol 983:1002 The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified lipids. 28901898 7 36 theme unidentified 1033:1044 arg1 phospholipid 1075:1086 an unidentified phospholipid 1059:1086 an unidentified phospholipid 1059:1086 The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified lipids. 28901898 7 36 theme unidentified 1033:1044 arg1 lipids 1111:1116 three unidentified lipids 1092:1116 three unidentified lipids 1092:1116 The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified lipids. 28901898 12 37 theme 2015257T=KCTC 1486:1498 arg1 33808T 1500:1505 =CCTCC AB 2015257T=KCTC 33808T 1476:1505 =CCTCC AB 2015257T=KCTC 33808T 1476:1505 The type strain is TEYR-7T (=CCTCC AB 2015257T=KCTC 33808T). 28901898 12 37 theme 2015257T=KCTC 1486:1498 arg1 TEYR-7T 1467:1473 TEYR-7T 1467:1473 TEYR-7T (=CCTCC AB 2015257T=KCTC 33808T) 1467:1506 The type strain is TEYR-7T (=CCTCC AB 2015257T=KCTC 33808T). 28901898 3 38 theme NaCl 487:490 arg1 presence 463:470 the presence 459:470 the presence of 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl 459:490 Growth of strain TEYR-7T occurred at 15-37 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-1 %). 28901898 5 39 theme tarda 761:765 arg1 % 784:784 94.3 % 779:784 94.3 % 779:784 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEYR-7T was a member of the phylum Actinobacteria, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Propioniciclava tarda DSM 22130T (94.3 %). 28901898 5 39 theme tarda 761:765 arg1 DSM 767:769 Propioniciclava tarda DSM 22130T 745:776 Propioniciclava tarda DSM 22130T (94.3 %) 745:785 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEYR-7T was a member of the phylum Actinobacteria, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Propioniciclava tarda DSM 22130T (94.3 %). 28901898 2 40 theme Shaanxi 318:324 arg1 China 346:350 northwest China 336:350 northwest China 336:350 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain, designated TEYR-7T, was isolated from the leaves of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, northwest China. 28901898 2 40 theme Shaanxi 318:324 arg1 Province 326:333 Shaanxi Province 318:333 Shaanxi Province 318:333 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain, designated TEYR-7T, was isolated from the leaves of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, northwest China. 28901898 3 41 theme % 479:479 arg1 NaCl 487:490 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl 475:490 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl 475:490 Growth of strain TEYR-7T occurred at 15-37 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-1 %). 28901898 6 42 theme strain 829:834 arg1 TEYR-7T 836:842 strain TEYR-7T 829:842 strain TEYR-7T 829:842 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T was menaquinone MK-9(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28901898 8 43 theme 71.2 mol 1151:1158 arg1 G+C content 1135:1145 The genomic DNA G+C content 1119:1145 The genomic DNA G+C content 1119:1145 The genomic DNA G+C content was 71.2 mol%. 28901898 8 43 theme 71.2 mol 1151:1158 arg1 % 1159:1159 71.2 mol% 1151:1159 71.2 mol% 1151:1159 The genomic DNA G+C content was 71.2 mol%. 28901898 2 44 theme bacterial 182:190 arg1 strain 192:197 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain 105:197 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain 105:197 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain, designated TEYR-7T, was isolated from the leaves of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, northwest China. 28901898 2 45 dep the 238:240 arg1 leaves 242:247 leaves 242:247 leaves 242:247 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain, designated TEYR-7T, was isolated from the leaves of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, northwest China. 28901898 7 46 theme unidentified 1098:1109 arg1 lipids 1111:1116 three unidentified lipids 1092:1116 three unidentified lipids 1092:1116 The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified lipids. 28901898 7 46 theme unidentified 1098:1109 arg1 glycolipids 1046:1056 two unidentified glycolipids 1029:1056 two unidentified glycolipids 1029:1056 The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified lipids. 28901898 5 47 theme strain 641:646 arg1 TEYR-7T 648:654 strain TEYR-7T 641:654 strain TEYR-7T 641:654 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEYR-7T was a member of the phylum Actinobacteria, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Propioniciclava tarda DSM 22130T (94.3 %). 28901898 5 47 theme strain 641:646 arg1 member 662:667 a member 660:667 a member of the phylum Actinobacteria 660:696 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEYR-7T was a member of the phylum Actinobacteria, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Propioniciclava tarda DSM 22130T (94.3 %). 28901898 2 48 theme non-motile 171:180 arg1 strain 192:197 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain 105:197 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain 105:197 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain, designated TEYR-7T, was isolated from the leaves of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, northwest China. 28901898 4 49 theme glucose 552:558 arg1 fermentation 560:571 glucose fermentation 552:571 glucose fermentation 552:571 Propionate and acetate were produced from glucose fermentation. 28901898 10 50 theme Propioniciclava 1395:1409 arg1 sp 1426:1427 the name Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp 1386:1427 the name Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp 1386:1427 On the basis of data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain TEYR-7T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Propioniciclava, for which the name Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp. 28901898 3 51 dep % 479:479 arg1 w/v 482:484 w/v 482:484 w/v 482:484 Growth of strain TEYR-7T occurred at 15-37 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-1 %). 28901898 5 52 theme highest 714:720 arg1 similarity 731:740 the highest sequence similarity 710:740 the highest sequence similarity 710:740 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEYR-7T was a member of the phylum Actinobacteria, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Propioniciclava tarda DSM 22130T (94.3 %). 28901898 6 53 theme menaquinone 848:858 arg1 MK-9 860:863 menaquinone MK-9 848:863 menaquinone MK-9(H4) 848:867 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T was menaquinone MK-9(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28901898 6 53 theme menaquinone 848:858 arg1 quinone 809:815 The only respiratory quinone 788:815 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T 788:842 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T was menaquinone MK-9(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28901898 6 53 theme menaquinone 848:858 arg1 H4 865:866 H4 865:866 H4 865:866 The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T was menaquinone MK-9(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28901898 5 54 theme 16S 605:607 arg1 sequences 619:627 16S rRNA gene sequences 605:627 16S rRNA gene sequences 605:627 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEYR-7T was a member of the phylum Actinobacteria, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Propioniciclava tarda DSM 22130T (94.3 %). 28901898 10 55 theme genus 1353:1357 arg1 Propioniciclava 1359:1373 the genus Propioniciclava 1349:1373 the genus Propioniciclava 1349:1373 On the basis of data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain TEYR-7T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Propioniciclava, for which the name Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp. 28901898 5 56 theme rRNA 609:612 arg1 sequences 619:627 16S rRNA gene sequences 605:627 16S rRNA gene sequences 605:627 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEYR-7T was a member of the phylum Actinobacteria, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Propioniciclava tarda DSM 22130T (94.3 %). 28901898 2 57 theme northwest 336:344 arg1 China 346:350 northwest China 336:350 northwest China 336:350 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain, designated TEYR-7T, was isolated from the leaves of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, northwest China. 28901898 2 57 theme northwest 336:344 arg1 Province 326:333 Shaanxi Province 318:333 Shaanxi Province 318:333 A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain, designated TEYR-7T, was isolated from the leaves of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, northwest China. 28901898 5 58 theme gene 614:617 arg1 sequences 619:627 16S rRNA gene sequences 605:627 16S rRNA gene sequences 605:627 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEYR-7T was a member of the phylum Actinobacteria, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Propioniciclava tarda DSM 22130T (94.3 %). 28901898 0 59 dep sp 31:32 arg1 sinopodophylli 16:29 Propioniciclava sinopodophylli 0:29 Propioniciclava sinopodophylli 0:29 Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp. 28901898 10 60 theme Propioniciclava 1359:1373 arg1 species 1338:1344 a novel species 1330:1344 a novel species 1330:1344 On the basis of data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain TEYR-7T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Propioniciclava, for which the name Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp. 28901898 9 61 theme meso-Diaminopimelic 1162:1180 arg1 acid 1182:1185 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1162:1185 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1162:1185 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. 28901898 10 62 theme present 1252:1258 arg1 study 1281:1285 the present polyphasic taxonomic study 1248:1285 the present polyphasic taxonomic study 1248:1285 On the basis of data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain TEYR-7T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Propioniciclava, for which the name Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp. 28901898 10 63 theme sinopodophylli 1411:1424 arg1 sp 1426:1427 the name Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp 1386:1427 the name Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp 1386:1427 On the basis of data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain TEYR-7T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Propioniciclava, for which the name Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp. 28901898 10 64 from study 1281:1285 arg1 data 1238:1241 data 1238:1241 data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study 1238:1285 On the basis of data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain TEYR-7T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Propioniciclava, for which the name Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp. 28901898 5 65 theme Propioniciclava 745:759 arg1 % 784:784 94.3 % 779:784 94.3 % 779:784 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEYR-7T was a member of the phylum Actinobacteria, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Propioniciclava tarda DSM 22130T (94.3 %). 28901898 5 65 theme Propioniciclava 745:759 arg1 DSM 767:769 Propioniciclava tarda DSM 22130T 745:776 Propioniciclava tarda DSM 22130T (94.3 %) 745:785 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEYR-7T was a member of the phylum Actinobacteria, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Propioniciclava tarda DSM 22130T (94.3 %). 28901898 3 66 theme 0-3  475:478 arg1 % 479:479 % 479:479 % 479:479 Growth of strain TEYR-7T occurred at 15-37 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-1 %). 28901898 12 67 theme type 1452:1455 arg1 TEYR-7T 1467:1473 TEYR-7T 1467:1473 TEYR-7T (=CCTCC AB 2015257T=KCTC 33808T) 1467:1506 The type strain is TEYR-7T (=CCTCC AB 2015257T=KCTC 33808T). 28901898 12 67 theme type 1452:1455 arg1 strain 1457:1462 The type strain 1448:1462 The type strain 1448:1462 The type strain is TEYR-7T (=CCTCC AB 2015257T=KCTC 33808T). 27902318 9 0 dep anteiso-C15  1043:1054 arg1  0 1056:1057  0 1056:1057  0 1056:1057 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. 27902318 10 1 theme 6500195T 1235:1242 arg1 % 1256:1256 74.1 mol% 1248:1256 74.1 mol% 1248:1256 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500195T was 74.1 mol%. 27902318 10 1 theme 6500195T 1235:1242 arg1 content 1213:1219 The DNA G+C content 1201:1219 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500195T 1201:1242 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500195T was 74.1 mol%. 27902318 4 2 theme sequence 480:487 arg1 similarity 489:498 less than 97 % sequence similarity 465:498 less than 97 % sequence similarity 465:498 Strain EGI 6500195T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) with Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T and less than 97 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus Streptomyces. 27902318 5 3 theme amino 561:565 arg1 acid 567:570 The diagnostic amino acid 546:570 The diagnostic amino acid in the peptidoglycan 546:591 The diagnostic amino acid in the peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 27902318 5 3 theme amino 561:565 arg1 acid 615:618 ll-diaminopimelic acid 597:618 ll-diaminopimelic acid 597:618 The diagnostic amino acid in the peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 27902318 10 4 theme strain 1224:1229 arg1 6500195T 1235:1242 strain EGI 6500195T 1224:1242 strain EGI 6500195T 1224:1242 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500195T was 74.1 mol%. 27902318 13 5 dep data 1467:1470 arg1 basis 1387:1391 basis 1387:1391 basis 1387:1391 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500195T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces capparidis sp. 27902318 13 5 dep data 1467:1470 arg1 the 1383:1385 the 1383:1385 the 1383:1385 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500195T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces capparidis sp. 27902318 15 6 theme =DSM 1645:1648 arg1 30089T 1661:1666 =DSM 42145T=JCM 30089T 1645:1666 =DSM 42145T=JCM 30089T 1645:1666 The type strain is EGI 6500195T (=DSM 42145T=JCM 30089T). 27902318 15 6 theme =DSM 1645:1648 arg1 6500195T 1635:1642 EGI 6500195T 1631:1642 EGI 6500195T (=DSM 42145T=JCM 30089T) 1631:1667 The type strain is EGI 6500195T (=DSM 42145T=JCM 30089T). 27902318 2 7 theme actinobacterial 132:146 arg1 strain 148:153 A novel endophytic actinobacterial strain 113:153 A novel endophytic actinobacterial strain 113:153 A novel endophytic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 6500195T, was isolated from fruits of Capparis spinosa. 27902318 13 8 theme hybridization 1453:1465 arg1 data 1467:1470 the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1396:1470 the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1396:1470 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500195T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces capparidis sp. 27902318 10 9 theme 74.1 mol 1248:1255 arg1 % 1256:1256 74.1 mol% 1248:1256 74.1 mol% 1248:1256 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500195T was 74.1 mol%. 27902318 10 9 theme 74.1 mol 1248:1255 arg1 content 1213:1219 The DNA G+C content 1201:1219 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500195T 1201:1242 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500195T was 74.1 mol%. 27902318 3 10 theme optimum 256:262 arg1 °C 252:253 10-45 °C 246:253 10-45 °C (optimum 30 °C) 246:269 Growth occurred at 10-45 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 6-8 (optimum pH 7) and in the presence of 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902318 3 10 theme optimum 256:262 arg1 °C 267:268 optimum 30 °C 256:268 optimum 30 °C 256:268 Growth occurred at 10-45 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 6-8 (optimum pH 7) and in the presence of 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902318 5 11 theme ll-diaminopimelic 597:613 arg1 acid 567:570 The diagnostic amino acid 546:570 The diagnostic amino acid in the peptidoglycan 546:591 The diagnostic amino acid in the peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 27902318 5 11 theme ll-diaminopimelic 597:613 arg1 acid 615:618 ll-diaminopimelic acid 597:618 ll-diaminopimelic acid 597:618 The diagnostic amino acid in the peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 27902318 4 12 theme EGI 345:347 arg1 6500195T 349:356 Strain EGI 6500195T 338:356 Strain EGI 6500195T 338:356 Strain EGI 6500195T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) with Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T and less than 97 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus Streptomyces. 27902318 3 13 theme NaCl 332:335 arg1 presence 308:315 the presence 304:315 the presence of 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl 304:335 Growth occurred at 10-45 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 6-8 (optimum pH 7) and in the presence of 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902318 4 14 theme Streptomyces 532:543 arg1 members 511:517 other members 505:517 other members of the genus Streptomyces 505:543 Strain EGI 6500195T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) with Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T and less than 97 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus Streptomyces. 27902318 13 15 theme name 1561:1564 arg1 sp 1590:1591 the name Streptomyces capparidis sp 1557:1591 the name Streptomyces capparidis sp 1557:1591 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500195T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces capparidis sp. 27902318 9 16 theme feature 1130:1136 arg1 I 1153:1153 summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I 1123:1153 summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I 1123:1153 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. 27902318 9 16 theme feature 1130:1136 arg1  1ω9c 1116:1120  1ω9c 1116:1120  1ω9c 1116:1120 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. 27902318 2 17 theme spinosa 218:224 arg1 fruits 199:204 fruits 199:204 fruits of Capparis spinosa 199:224 A novel endophytic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 6500195T, was isolated from fruits of Capparis spinosa. 27902318 13 18 theme capparidis 1579:1588 arg1 sp 1590:1591 the name Streptomyces capparidis sp 1557:1591 the name Streptomyces capparidis sp 1557:1591 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500195T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces capparidis sp. 27902318 13 19 theme Streptomyces 1533:1544 arg1 species 1512:1518 a novel species 1504:1518 a novel species 1504:1518 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500195T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces capparidis sp. 27902318 9 20 theme  1 1175:1176 arg1 B 1178:1178  1 B 1175:1178 anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B 1103:1178 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. 27902318 4 21 theme 16S 373:375 arg1 similarity 396:405 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 365:405 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) 365:415 Strain EGI 6500195T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) with Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T and less than 97 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus Streptomyces. 27902318 4 21 theme 16S 373:375 arg1 % 414:414 97.74 % 408:414 97.74 % 408:414 Strain EGI 6500195T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) with Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T and less than 97 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus Streptomyces. 27902318 11 22 theme DNA-DNA 1272:1278 arg1 relatedness 1280:1290 DNA-DNA relatedness 1272:1290 DNA-DNA relatedness 1272:1290 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500195T and Streptomyces. 27902318 8 23 theme lipid 761:765 arg1 profile 767:773 The polar lipid profile 751:773 The polar lipid profile of strain EGI 6500195T 751:796 The polar lipid profile of strain EGI 6500195T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, three unknown phospholipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and an unknown aminolipid. 27902318 4 24 theme gene 382:385 arg1 similarity 396:405 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 365:405 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) 365:415 Strain EGI 6500195T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) with Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T and less than 97 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus Streptomyces. 27902318 4 24 theme gene 382:385 arg1 % 414:414 97.74 % 408:414 97.74 % 408:414 Strain EGI 6500195T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) with Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T and less than 97 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus Streptomyces. 27902318 0 25 theme Streptomyces 0:11 arg1 sp 24:25 Streptomyces capparidis sp 0:25 Streptomyces capparidis sp. 0:26 Streptomyces capparidis sp. 27902318 2 26 attach isolated 185:192 arg2 strain 148:153 A novel endophytic actinobacterial strain 113:153 A novel endophytic actinobacterial strain 113:153 A novel endophytic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 6500195T, was isolated from fruits of Capparis spinosa. 27902318 2 26 attach isolated 185:192 arg1 fruits 199:204 fruits 199:204 fruits of Capparis spinosa 199:224 A novel endophytic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 6500195T, was isolated from fruits of Capparis spinosa. 27902318 4 27 theme DSM 450:452 arg1 41686T 454:459 Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T 422:459 Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T 422:459 Strain EGI 6500195T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) with Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T and less than 97 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus Streptomyces. 27902318 15 28 theme type 1616:1619 arg1 strain 1621:1626 The type strain 1612:1626 The type strain 1612:1626 The type strain is EGI 6500195T (=DSM 42145T=JCM 30089T). 27902318 15 28 theme type 1616:1619 arg1 6500195T 1635:1642 EGI 6500195T 1631:1642 EGI 6500195T (=DSM 42145T=JCM 30089T) 1631:1667 The type strain is EGI 6500195T (=DSM 42145T=JCM 30089T). 27902318 7 29 theme predominant 698:708 arg1 menaquinones 710:721 The predominant menaquinones 694:721 The predominant menaquinones 694:721 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). 27902318 7 29 theme predominant 698:708 arg1 MK-9 728:731 MK-9 728:731 MK-9 728:731 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). 27902318 12 30 theme DSM 1353:1355 arg1 41686T 1357:1362 vitaminophilus DSM 41686T 1338:1362 vitaminophilus DSM 41686T 1338:1362 vitaminophilus DSM 41686T was 14.1±3.5 %. 27902318 1 31 theme spinosa 102:108 arg1 L 110:110 Capparis spinosa L 93:110 Capparis spinosa L 93:110 nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from fruits of Capparis spinosa L. 27902318 8 32 theme EGI 785:787 arg1 6500195T 789:796 strain EGI 6500195T 778:796 strain EGI 6500195T 778:796 The polar lipid profile of strain EGI 6500195T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, three unknown phospholipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and an unknown aminolipid. 27902318 6 33 contain contained 645:653 arg2 fructose 672:679 fructose 672:679 fructose 672:679 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, ribose, fructose and mannose. 27902318 6 33 contain contained 645:653 arg2 ribose 664:669 ribose 664:669 ribose 664:669 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, ribose, fructose and mannose. 27902318 6 33 contain contained 645:653 arg2 glucose 655:661 glucose 655:661 glucose 655:661 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, ribose, fructose and mannose. 27902318 6 33 contain contained 645:653 arg1 hydrolysates 632:643 Whole-cell hydrolysates 621:643 Whole-cell hydrolysates 621:643 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, ribose, fructose and mannose. 27902318 6 33 contain contained 645:653 arg2 mannose 685:691 mannose 685:691 mannose 685:691 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, ribose, fructose and mannose. 27902318 4 34 theme Streptomyces 422:433 arg1 41686T 454:459 Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T 422:459 Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T 422:459 Strain EGI 6500195T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) with Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T and less than 97 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus Streptomyces. 27902318 13 35 theme strain 1473:1478 arg1 6500195T 1484:1491 strain EGI 6500195T 1473:1491 strain EGI 6500195T 1473:1491 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500195T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces capparidis sp. 27902318 10 36 theme G+C 1209:1211 arg1 % 1256:1256 74.1 mol% 1248:1256 74.1 mol% 1248:1256 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500195T was 74.1 mol%. 27902318 10 36 theme G+C 1209:1211 arg1 content 1213:1219 The DNA G+C content 1201:1219 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500195T 1201:1242 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500195T was 74.1 mol%. 27902318 5 37 from acid 567:570 arg1 peptidoglycan 579:591 the peptidoglycan 575:591 the peptidoglycan 575:591 The diagnostic amino acid in the peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 27902318 3 38 theme 0-1  320:323 arg1 % 324:324 % 324:324 % 324:324 Growth occurred at 10-45 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 6-8 (optimum pH 7) and in the presence of 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902318 1 39 theme novel 36:40 arg1 actinobacterium 53:67 a novel endophytic actinobacterium 34:67 a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from fruits of Capparis spinosa L 34:110 nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from fruits of Capparis spinosa L. 27902318 4 40 theme other 505:509 arg1 members 511:517 other members 505:517 other members of the genus Streptomyces 505:543 Strain EGI 6500195T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) with Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T and less than 97 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus Streptomyces. 27902318 6 41 theme Whole-cell 621:630 arg1 hydrolysates 632:643 Whole-cell hydrolysates 621:643 Whole-cell hydrolysates 621:643 Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, ribose, fructose and mannose. 27902318 15 42 theme 42145T=JCM 1650:1659 arg1 30089T 1661:1666 =DSM 42145T=JCM 30089T 1645:1666 =DSM 42145T=JCM 30089T 1645:1666 The type strain is EGI 6500195T (=DSM 42145T=JCM 30089T). 27902318 15 42 theme 42145T=JCM 1650:1659 arg1 6500195T 1635:1642 EGI 6500195T 1631:1642 EGI 6500195T (=DSM 42145T=JCM 30089T) 1631:1667 The type strain is EGI 6500195T (=DSM 42145T=JCM 30089T). 27902318 5 43 theme diagnostic 550:559 arg1 acid 567:570 The diagnostic amino acid 546:570 The diagnostic amino acid in the peptidoglycan 546:591 The diagnostic amino acid in the peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 27902318 5 43 theme diagnostic 550:559 arg1 acid 615:618 ll-diaminopimelic acid 597:618 ll-diaminopimelic acid 597:618 The diagnostic amino acid in the peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 27902318 10 44 theme EGI 1231:1233 arg1 6500195T 1235:1242 strain EGI 6500195T 1224:1242 strain EGI 6500195T 1224:1242 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500195T was 74.1 mol%. 27902318 13 45 theme chemotaxonomic 1426:1439 arg1 data 1467:1470 the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1396:1470 the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1396:1470 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500195T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces capparidis sp. 27902318 13 46 theme DNA-DNA 1445:1451 arg1 data 1467:1470 the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1396:1470 the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1396:1470 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500195T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces capparidis sp. 27902318 8 47 theme unknown 934:940 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 807:828 diphosphatidylglycerol 807:828 diphosphatidylglycerol 807:828 The polar lipid profile of strain EGI 6500195T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, three unknown phospholipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and an unknown aminolipid. 27902318 8 47 theme unknown 934:940 arg1 phospholipids 942:954 three unknown phospholipids 928:954 three unknown phospholipids 928:954 The polar lipid profile of strain EGI 6500195T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, three unknown phospholipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and an unknown aminolipid. 27902318 2 48 theme endophytic 121:130 arg1 strain 148:153 A novel endophytic actinobacterial strain 113:153 A novel endophytic actinobacterial strain 113:153 A novel endophytic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 6500195T, was isolated from fruits of Capparis spinosa. 27902318 13 49 theme phenotypic 1400:1409 arg1 data 1467:1470 the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1396:1470 the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1396:1470 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500195T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces capparidis sp. 27902318 13 50 theme phylogenetic 1412:1423 arg1 data 1467:1470 the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1396:1470 the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1396:1470 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500195T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces capparidis sp. 27902318 1 51 attach isolated 69:76 arg1 fruits 83:88 fruits 83:88 fruits of Capparis spinosa L 83:110 nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from fruits of Capparis spinosa L. 27902318 1 51 attach isolated 69:76 arg2 actinobacterium 53:67 a novel endophytic actinobacterium 34:67 a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from fruits of Capparis spinosa L 34:110 nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from fruits of Capparis spinosa L. 27902318 9 52 theme summed 1123:1128 arg1 I 1153:1153 summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I 1123:1153 summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I 1123:1153 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. 27902318 9 52 theme summed 1123:1128 arg1  1ω9c 1116:1120  1ω9c 1116:1120  1ω9c 1116:1120 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. 27902318 4 53 theme highest 365:371 arg1 similarity 396:405 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 365:405 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) 365:415 Strain EGI 6500195T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) with Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T and less than 97 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus Streptomyces. 27902318 4 53 theme highest 365:371 arg1 % 414:414 97.74 % 408:414 97.74 % 408:414 Strain EGI 6500195T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) with Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T and less than 97 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus Streptomyces. 27902318 4 54 theme genus 526:530 arg1 Streptomyces 532:543 the genus Streptomyces 522:543 the genus Streptomyces 522:543 Strain EGI 6500195T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) with Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T and less than 97 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus Streptomyces. 27902318 13 55 theme Streptomyces 1566:1577 arg1 sp 1590:1591 the name Streptomyces capparidis sp 1557:1591 the name Streptomyces capparidis sp 1557:1591 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500195T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces capparidis sp. 27902318 2 56 theme Capparis 209:216 arg1 spinosa 218:224 Capparis spinosa 209:224 Capparis spinosa 209:224 A novel endophytic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 6500195T, was isolated from fruits of Capparis spinosa. 27902318 1 57 theme L 110:110 arg1 fruits 83:88 fruits 83:88 fruits of Capparis spinosa L 83:110 nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from fruits of Capparis spinosa L. 27902318 4 58 theme Strain 338:343 arg1 6500195T 349:356 Strain EGI 6500195T 338:356 Strain EGI 6500195T 338:356 Strain EGI 6500195T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) with Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T and less than 97 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus Streptomyces. 27902318 1 59 dep actinobacterium 53:67 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from fruits of Capparis spinosa L. 27902318 4 60 dep similarity 489:498 arg1 % 478:478 % 478:478 % 478:478 Strain EGI 6500195T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) with Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T and less than 97 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus Streptomyces. 27902318 3 61 theme optimum 283:289 arg1 pH 275:276 pH 6-8 275:280 pH 6-8 (optimum pH 7) 275:295 Growth occurred at 10-45 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 6-8 (optimum pH 7) and in the presence of 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902318 3 61 theme optimum 283:289 arg1 pH 291:292 optimum pH 7 283:294 optimum pH 7 283:294 Growth occurred at 10-45 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 6-8 (optimum pH 7) and in the presence of 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902318 4 62 dep Streptomyces 422:433 arg1 vitaminophilus 435:448 vitaminophilus 435:448 vitaminophilus 435:448 Strain EGI 6500195T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) with Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T and less than 97 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus Streptomyces. 27902318 11 63 dep 6500195T 1311:1318 arg1 level 1263:1267 The level 1259:1267 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 1259:1305 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500195T and Streptomyces. 27902318 1 64 theme endophytic 42:51 arg1 actinobacterium 53:67 a novel endophytic actinobacterium 34:67 a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from fruits of Capparis spinosa L 34:110 nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from fruits of Capparis spinosa L. 27902318 9 65 dep anteiso-C17  1103:1114 arg1 anteiso-C17  1162:1173 anteiso-C17  1162:1173 anteiso-C17  1162:1173 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. 27902318 9 65 dep anteiso-C17  1103:1114 arg1 B 1178:1178  1 B 1175:1178 anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B 1103:1178 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. 27902318 9 65 dep anteiso-C17  1103:1114 arg1 I 1153:1153 summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I 1123:1153 summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I 1123:1153 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. 27902318 9 65 dep anteiso-C17  1103:1114 arg1  1ω9c 1116:1120  1ω9c 1116:1120  1ω9c 1116:1120 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. 27902318 4 66 theme rRNA 377:380 arg1 similarity 396:405 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 365:405 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) 365:415 Strain EGI 6500195T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) with Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T and less than 97 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus Streptomyces. 27902318 4 66 theme rRNA 377:380 arg1 % 414:414 97.74 % 408:414 97.74 % 408:414 Strain EGI 6500195T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) with Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T and less than 97 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus Streptomyces. 27902318 15 67 theme EGI 1631:1633 arg1 30089T 1661:1666 =DSM 42145T=JCM 30089T 1645:1666 =DSM 42145T=JCM 30089T 1645:1666 The type strain is EGI 6500195T (=DSM 42145T=JCM 30089T). 27902318 15 67 theme EGI 1631:1633 arg1 strain 1621:1626 The type strain 1612:1626 The type strain 1612:1626 The type strain is EGI 6500195T (=DSM 42145T=JCM 30089T). 27902318 15 67 theme EGI 1631:1633 arg1 6500195T 1635:1642 EGI 6500195T 1631:1642 EGI 6500195T (=DSM 42145T=JCM 30089T) 1631:1667 The type strain is EGI 6500195T (=DSM 42145T=JCM 30089T). 27902318 8 68 theme unknown 993:999 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 807:828 diphosphatidylglycerol 807:828 diphosphatidylglycerol 807:828 The polar lipid profile of strain EGI 6500195T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, three unknown phospholipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and an unknown aminolipid. 27902318 8 68 theme unknown 993:999 arg1 aminolipid 1001:1010 an unknown aminolipid 990:1010 an unknown aminolipid 990:1010 The polar lipid profile of strain EGI 6500195T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, three unknown phospholipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and an unknown aminolipid. 27902318 4 69 theme sequence 387:394 arg1 similarity 396:405 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 365:405 highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) 365:415 Strain EGI 6500195T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) with Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T and less than 97 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus Streptomyces. 27902318 4 69 theme sequence 387:394 arg1 % 414:414 97.74 % 408:414 97.74 % 408:414 Strain EGI 6500195T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) with Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T and less than 97 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus Streptomyces. 27902318 3 70 dep % 324:324 arg1 w/v 327:329 w/v 327:329 w/v 327:329 Growth occurred at 10-45 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 6-8 (optimum pH 7) and in the presence of 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902318 9 71 theme fatty 1026:1030 arg1 anteiso-C15  1043:1054 anteiso-C15  1043:1054 anteiso-C15  1043:1054 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. 27902318 9 71 theme fatty 1026:1030 arg1 acids 1032:1036 The cellular fatty acids 1013:1036 The cellular fatty acids 1013:1036 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. 27902318 0 72 theme capparidis 13:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Streptomyces capparidis sp 0:25 Streptomyces capparidis sp. 0:26 Streptomyces capparidis sp. 27902318 8 73 theme polar 755:759 arg1 profile 767:773 The polar lipid profile 751:773 The polar lipid profile of strain EGI 6500195T 751:796 The polar lipid profile of strain EGI 6500195T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, three unknown phospholipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and an unknown aminolipid. 27902318 13 74 theme genus 1527:1531 arg1 Streptomyces 1533:1544 the genus Streptomyces 1523:1544 the genus Streptomyces 1523:1544 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500195T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces capparidis sp. 27902318 4 75 dep % 478:478 arg1 97  475:477 97  475:477 97  475:477 Strain EGI 6500195T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) with Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T and less than 97 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus Streptomyces. 27902318 1 76 theme Capparis 93:100 arg1 L 110:110 Capparis spinosa L 93:110 Capparis spinosa L 93:110 nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from fruits of Capparis spinosa L. 27902318 11 77 theme relatedness 1280:1290 arg1 level 1263:1267 The level 1259:1267 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 1259:1305 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500195T and Streptomyces. 27902318 9 78 theme cellular 1017:1024 arg1 anteiso-C15  1043:1054 anteiso-C15  1043:1054 anteiso-C15  1043:1054 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. 27902318 9 78 theme cellular 1017:1024 arg1 acids 1032:1036 The cellular fatty acids 1013:1036 The cellular fatty acids 1013:1036 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. 27902318 12 79 theme vitaminophilus 1338:1351 arg1 41686T 1357:1362 vitaminophilus DSM 41686T 1338:1362 vitaminophilus DSM 41686T 1338:1362 vitaminophilus DSM 41686T was 14.1±3.5 %. 27902318 8 80 theme strain 778:783 arg1 6500195T 789:796 strain EGI 6500195T 778:796 strain EGI 6500195T 778:796 The polar lipid profile of strain EGI 6500195T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, three unknown phospholipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and an unknown aminolipid. 27902318 13 81 theme novel 1506:1510 arg1 species 1512:1518 a novel species 1504:1518 a novel species 1504:1518 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500195T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces capparidis sp. 27902318 2 82 theme EGI 167:169 arg1 6500195T 171:178 EGI 6500195T 167:178 EGI 6500195T 167:178 A novel endophytic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 6500195T, was isolated from fruits of Capparis spinosa. 27902318 8 83 theme 6500195T 789:796 arg1 profile 767:773 The polar lipid profile 751:773 The polar lipid profile of strain EGI 6500195T 751:796 The polar lipid profile of strain EGI 6500195T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, three unknown phospholipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and an unknown aminolipid. 27902318 3 84 theme % 324:324 arg1 NaCl 332:335 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl 320:335 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl 320:335 Growth occurred at 10-45 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 6-8 (optimum pH 7) and in the presence of 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902318 13 85 theme EGI 1480:1482 arg1 6500195T 1484:1491 strain EGI 6500195T 1473:1491 strain EGI 6500195T 1473:1491 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500195T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces capparidis sp. 27902318 9 86 dep  0 1056:1057 arg1  0 1099:1100  0 1099:1100  0 1099:1100 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. 27902318 9 86 dep  0 1056:1057 arg1 iso-C15  1077:1084 iso-C15  1077:1084 iso-C15  1077:1084 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. 27902318 9 86 dep  0 1056:1057 arg1  0 1086:1087  0 1086:1087  0 1086:1087 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. 27902318 9 86 dep  0 1056:1057 arg1 anteiso-C17  1103:1114 anteiso-C17  1103:1114 anteiso-C17  1103:1114 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. 27902318 9 86 dep  0 1056:1057 arg1 anteiso-C17  1060:1071 anteiso-C17  1060:1071 anteiso-C17  1060:1071 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. 27902318 9 86 dep  0 1056:1057 arg1  0 1073:1074  0 1073:1074  0 1073:1074 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. 27902318 9 86 dep  0 1056:1057 arg1 iso-C16  1090:1097 iso-C16  1090:1097 iso-C16  1090:1097 The cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. 27902318 2 87 theme novel 115:119 arg1 strain 148:153 A novel endophytic actinobacterial strain 113:153 A novel endophytic actinobacterial strain 113:153 A novel endophytic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 6500195T, was isolated from fruits of Capparis spinosa. 27902318 10 88 theme DNA 1205:1207 arg1 % 1256:1256 74.1 mol% 1248:1256 74.1 mol% 1248:1256 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500195T was 74.1 mol%. 27902318 10 88 theme DNA 1205:1207 arg1 content 1213:1219 The DNA G+C content 1201:1219 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500195T 1201:1242 The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500195T was 74.1 mol%. 27902214 13 0 theme phylogenetic 1491:1502 arg1 characteristics 1523:1537 the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1475:1537 the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1475:1537 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the two strains are proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Brevibacillus, for which the name Brevibacillus halotolerans sp. 27902214 12 1 theme DSM 1415:1417 arg1 25T 1419:1421 Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T 1388:1421 Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T 1388:1421 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 92±0.6 % (reciprocal 90±0.2 %) and the value between strain LAM0312T and Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T was 48±0.5 % (reciprocal 40±0.4 %). 27902214 13 2 theme novel 1584:1588 arg1 species 1590:1596 a novel species 1582:1596 a novel species 1582:1596 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the two strains are proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Brevibacillus, for which the name Brevibacillus halotolerans sp. 27902214 12 3 theme Brevibacillus 1388:1400 arg1 25T 1419:1421 Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T 1388:1421 Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T 1388:1421 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 92±0.6 % (reciprocal 90±0.2 %) and the value between strain LAM0312T and Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T was 48±0.5 % (reciprocal 40±0.4 %). 27902214 3 4 theme strains 275:281 arg1 Cells 260:264 Cells 260:264 Cells of these strains 260:281 Cells of these strains were Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped and motile with peritrichous flagella. 27902214 2 5 theme aerobic 91:97 arg1 bacteria 99:106 Two novel aerobic bacteria 81:106 Two novel aerobic bacteria 81:106 Two novel aerobic bacteria, designated strains LAM0312T and LAM0313, were isolated from saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China. 27902214 2 5 theme aerobic 91:97 arg1 LAM0313 141:147 LAM0313 141:147 LAM0313 141:147 Two novel aerobic bacteria, designated strains LAM0312T and LAM0313, were isolated from saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China. 27902214 2 5 theme aerobic 91:97 arg1 LAM0312T 128:135 designated strains LAM0312T 109:135 designated strains LAM0312T 109:135 Two novel aerobic bacteria, designated strains LAM0312T and LAM0313, were isolated from saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China. 27902214 12 6 theme 40±0.4  1448:1454 arg1 % 1434:1434 48±0.5 % 1427:1434 48±0.5 % (reciprocal 40±0.4 %) 1427:1456 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 92±0.6 % (reciprocal 90±0.2 %) and the value between strain LAM0312T and Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T was 48±0.5 % (reciprocal 40±0.4 %). 27902214 12 6 theme 40±0.4  1448:1454 arg1 % 1455:1455 reciprocal 40±0.4 % 1437:1455 reciprocal 40±0.4 % 1437:1455 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 92±0.6 % (reciprocal 90±0.2 %) and the value between strain LAM0312T and Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T was 48±0.5 % (reciprocal 40±0.4 %). 27902214 15 7 theme type 1698:1701 arg1 LAM0312T 1713:1720 LAM0312T 1713:1720 LAM0312T (=ACCC 06527T=JCM 30849T) 1713:1746 The type strain is LAM0312T (=ACCC 06527T=JCM 30849T). 27902214 15 7 theme type 1698:1701 arg1 strain 1703:1708 The type strain 1694:1708 The type strain 1694:1708 The type strain is LAM0312T (=ACCC 06527T=JCM 30849T). 27902214 13 8 dep characteristics 1523:1537 arg1 the 1462:1464 the 1462:1464 the 1462:1464 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the two strains are proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Brevibacillus, for which the name Brevibacillus halotolerans sp. 27902214 13 8 dep characteristics 1523:1537 arg1 basis 1466:1470 basis 1466:1470 basis 1466:1470 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the two strains are proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Brevibacillus, for which the name Brevibacillus halotolerans sp. 27902214 8 9 theme cell-wall 751:759 arg1 peptidoglycan 761:773 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 747:773 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 747:773 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27902214 11 10 dep % 1206:1206 arg1 96.4  1201:1205 96.4  1201:1205 96.4  1201:1205 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that the strains were closely related to Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T and Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T with 98.5 and 96.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27902214 11 10 dep % 1206:1206 arg1 98.5 1192:1195 98.5 1192:1195 98.5 1192:1195 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that the strains were closely related to Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T and Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T with 98.5 and 96.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27902214 2 11 theme novel 85:89 arg1 bacteria 99:106 Two novel aerobic bacteria 81:106 Two novel aerobic bacteria 81:106 Two novel aerobic bacteria, designated strains LAM0312T and LAM0313, were isolated from saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China. 27902214 2 11 theme novel 85:89 arg1 LAM0313 141:147 LAM0313 141:147 LAM0313 141:147 Two novel aerobic bacteria, designated strains LAM0312T and LAM0313, were isolated from saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China. 27902214 2 11 theme novel 85:89 arg1 LAM0312T 128:135 designated strains LAM0312T 109:135 designated strains LAM0312T 109:135 Two novel aerobic bacteria, designated strains LAM0312T and LAM0313, were isolated from saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China. 27902214 13 12 theme Brevibacillus 1645:1657 arg1 halotolerans 1659:1670 the name Brevibacillus halotolerans 1636:1670 the name Brevibacillus halotolerans 1636:1670 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the two strains are proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Brevibacillus, for which the name Brevibacillus halotolerans sp. 27902214 11 13 theme Brevibacillus 1114:1126 arg1 25T 1145:1147 Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T 1114:1147 Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T 1114:1147 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that the strains were closely related to Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T and Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T with 98.5 and 96.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27902214 1 14 theme saline 51:56 arg1 soil 58:61 saline soil 51:61 saline soil of a paddy field 51:78 nov., isolated from saline soil of a paddy field. 27902214 12 15 theme hybridization 1255:1267 arg1 value 1269:1273 The DNA-DNA hybridization value 1243:1273 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0312T and LAM0313 1243:1309 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 92±0.6 % (reciprocal 90±0.2 %) and the value between strain LAM0312T and Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T was 48±0.5 % (reciprocal 40±0.4 %). 27902214 4 16 dep 30 °C 415:419 arg1 7.0-8.0 428:434 7.0-8.0 428:434 7.0-8.0 428:434 The optimal growth temperature and pH were 30 °C and pH 7.0-8.0. 27902214 11 17 theme JCM 1176:1178 arg1 15716T 1180:1185 Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T 1153:1185 Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T 1153:1185 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that the strains were closely related to Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T and Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T with 98.5 and 96.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27902214 11 18 theme gene 1029:1032 arg1 similarity 1043:1052 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1020:1052 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 1020:1061 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that the strains were closely related to Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T and Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T with 98.5 and 96.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27902214 6 19 dep anteiso-C15  533:544 arg1  0 546:547  0 546:547  0 546:547 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902214 6 19 dep anteiso-C15  533:544 arg1  0 562:563  0 562:563 anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 533:563 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902214 6 19 dep anteiso-C15  533:544 arg1 iso-C15  553:560 iso-C15  553:560 iso-C15  553:560 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902214 4 20 theme optimal 376:382 arg1 30 °C 415:419 30 °C 415:419 30 °C 415:419 The optimal growth temperature and pH were 30 °C and pH 7.0-8.0. 27902214 4 20 theme optimal 376:382 arg1 temperature 391:401 The optimal growth temperature 372:401 The optimal growth temperature 372:401 The optimal growth temperature and pH were 30 °C and pH 7.0-8.0. 27902214 10 21 theme genomic 906:912 arg1 DNA 914:916 the genomic DNA 902:916 the genomic DNA of strains LAM0312T and LAM0313 902:948 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strains LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 45.0 and 46.0 mol%, respectively, as determined by the Tm method. 27902214 15 22 theme 06527T=JCM 1729:1738 arg1 LAM0312T 1713:1720 LAM0312T 1713:1720 LAM0312T (=ACCC 06527T=JCM 30849T) 1713:1746 The type strain is LAM0312T (=ACCC 06527T=JCM 30849T). 27902214 15 22 theme 06527T=JCM 1729:1738 arg1 30849T 1740:1745 =ACCC 06527T=JCM 30849T 1723:1745 =ACCC 06527T=JCM 30849T 1723:1745 The type strain is LAM0312T (=ACCC 06527T=JCM 30849T). 27902214 11 23 dep similarity 1217:1226 arg1 % 1206:1206 % 1206:1206 % 1206:1206 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that the strains were closely related to Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T and Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T with 98.5 and 96.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27902214 13 24 theme Brevibacillus 1611:1623 arg1 genus 1605:1609 the genus Brevibacillus 1601:1623 the genus Brevibacillus 1601:1623 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the two strains are proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Brevibacillus, for which the name Brevibacillus halotolerans sp. 27902214 11 25 theme laterosporus 1128:1139 arg1 25T 1145:1147 Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T 1114:1147 Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T 1114:1147 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that the strains were closely related to Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T and Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T with 98.5 and 96.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27902214 10 26 dep mol 968:970 arg1 45.0 954:957 45.0 954:957 45.0 954:957 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strains LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 45.0 and 46.0 mol%, respectively, as determined by the Tm method. 27902214 10 26 dep mol 968:970 arg1 46.0 963:966 46.0 963:966 46.0 963:966 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strains LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 45.0 and 46.0 mol%, respectively, as determined by the Tm method. 27902214 2 27 theme strains 120:126 arg1 bacteria 99:106 Two novel aerobic bacteria 81:106 Two novel aerobic bacteria 81:106 Two novel aerobic bacteria, designated strains LAM0312T and LAM0313, were isolated from saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China. 27902214 2 27 theme strains 120:126 arg1 LAM0312T 128:135 designated strains LAM0312T 109:135 designated strains LAM0312T 109:135 Two novel aerobic bacteria, designated strains LAM0312T and LAM0313, were isolated from saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China. 27902214 0 28 theme Brevibacillus 0:12 arg1 halotolerans 14:25 Brevibacillus halotolerans 0:25 Brevibacillus halotolerans 0:25 Brevibacillus halotolerans sp. 27902214 15 29 theme =ACCC 1723:1727 arg1 LAM0312T 1713:1720 LAM0312T 1713:1720 LAM0312T (=ACCC 06527T=JCM 30849T) 1713:1746 The type strain is LAM0312T (=ACCC 06527T=JCM 30849T). 27902214 15 29 theme =ACCC 1723:1727 arg1 30849T 1740:1745 =ACCC 06527T=JCM 30849T 1723:1745 =ACCC 06527T=JCM 30849T 1723:1745 The type strain is LAM0312T (=ACCC 06527T=JCM 30849T). 27902214 10 30 theme Tm 1009:1010 arg1 method 1012:1017 the Tm method 1005:1017 the Tm method 1005:1017 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strains LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 45.0 and 46.0 mol%, respectively, as determined by the Tm method. 27902214 2 31 theme designated 109:118 arg1 bacteria 99:106 Two novel aerobic bacteria 81:106 Two novel aerobic bacteria 81:106 Two novel aerobic bacteria, designated strains LAM0312T and LAM0313, were isolated from saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China. 27902214 2 31 theme designated 109:118 arg1 LAM0312T 128:135 designated strains LAM0312T 109:135 designated strains LAM0312T 109:135 Two novel aerobic bacteria, designated strains LAM0312T and LAM0313, were isolated from saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China. 27902214 9 32 theme predominant 826:836 arg1 menaquinone-7 868:880 menaquinone-7 868:880 menaquinone-7 868:880 The predominant menaquinone was identified as menaquinone-7. 27902214 9 32 theme predominant 826:836 arg1 menaquinone 838:848 The predominant menaquinone 822:848 The predominant menaquinone 822:848 The predominant menaquinone was identified as menaquinone-7. 27902214 5 33 theme NaCl 500:503 arg1 presence 477:484 the presence 473:484 the presence of 12 % (w/v) NaCl 473:503 Strain LAM0312T was able to grow in the presence of 12 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902214 1 34 theme paddy 68:72 arg1 field 74:78 a paddy field 66:78 a paddy field 66:78 nov., isolated from saline soil of a paddy field. 27902214 5 35 dep % 492:492 arg1 w/v 495:497 w/v 495:497 w/v 495:497 Strain LAM0312T was able to grow in the presence of 12 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902214 12 36 theme strain 1283:1288 arg1 LAM0312T 1290:1297 strain LAM0312T 1283:1297 strain LAM0312T 1283:1297 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 92±0.6 % (reciprocal 90±0.2 %) and the value between strain LAM0312T and Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T was 48±0.5 % (reciprocal 40±0.4 %). 27902214 3 37 theme peritrichous 349:360 arg1 flagella 362:369 peritrichous flagella 349:369 peritrichous flagella 349:369 Cells of these strains were Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped and motile with peritrichous flagella. 27902214 8 38 contain contain 788:794 arg1 peptidoglycan 761:773 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 747:773 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 747:773 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27902214 8 38 contain contain 788:794 arg2 acid 816:819 meso-diaminopimelic acid 796:819 meso-diaminopimelic acid 796:819 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27902214 1 39 theme field 74:78 arg1 soil 58:61 saline soil 51:61 saline soil of a paddy field 51:78 nov., isolated from saline soil of a paddy field. 27902214 10 40 dep % 971:971 arg1 mol 968:970 mol 968:970 mol 968:970 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strains LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 45.0 and 46.0 mol%, respectively, as determined by the Tm method. 27902214 6 41 theme fatty 516:520 arg1 anteiso-C15  533:544 anteiso-C15  533:544 anteiso-C15  533:544 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902214 6 41 theme fatty 516:520 arg1 acids 522:526 The major fatty acids 506:526 The major fatty acids 506:526 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902214 13 42 theme phenotypic 1479:1488 arg1 characteristics 1523:1537 the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1475:1537 the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1475:1537 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the two strains are proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Brevibacillus, for which the name Brevibacillus halotolerans sp. 27902214 10 43 theme strains 921:927 arg1 DNA 914:916 the genomic DNA 902:916 the genomic DNA of strains LAM0312T and LAM0313 902:948 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strains LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 45.0 and 46.0 mol%, respectively, as determined by the Tm method. 27902214 2 44 from field 212:216 arg1 Shandong 234:241 Shandong 234:241 Shandong 234:241 Two novel aerobic bacteria, designated strains LAM0312T and LAM0313, were isolated from saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China. 27902214 2 44 from field 212:216 arg1 China 253:257 China 253:257 China 253:257 Two novel aerobic bacteria, designated strains LAM0312T and LAM0313, were isolated from saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China. 27902214 6 45 theme major 510:514 arg1 anteiso-C15  533:544 anteiso-C15  533:544 anteiso-C15  533:544 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902214 6 45 theme major 510:514 arg1 acids 522:526 The major fatty acids 506:526 The major fatty acids 506:526 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 27902214 12 46 theme strain 1368:1373 arg1 LAM0312T 1375:1382 strain LAM0312T 1368:1382 strain LAM0312T 1368:1382 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 92±0.6 % (reciprocal 90±0.2 %) and the value between strain LAM0312T and Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T was 48±0.5 % (reciprocal 40±0.4 %). 27902214 11 47 theme fluminis 1167:1174 arg1 15716T 1180:1185 Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T 1153:1185 Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T 1153:1185 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that the strains were closely related to Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T and Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T with 98.5 and 96.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27902214 5 48 theme Strain 437:442 arg1 LAM0312T 444:451 Strain LAM0312T 437:451 Strain LAM0312T 437:451 Strain LAM0312T was able to grow in the presence of 12 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902214 2 49 attach isolated 155:162 arg2 LAM0312T 128:135 designated strains LAM0312T 109:135 designated strains LAM0312T 109:135 Two novel aerobic bacteria, designated strains LAM0312T and LAM0313, were isolated from saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China. 27902214 2 49 attach isolated 155:162 arg2 LAM0313 141:147 LAM0313 141:147 LAM0313 141:147 Two novel aerobic bacteria, designated strains LAM0312T and LAM0313, were isolated from saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China. 27902214 2 49 attach isolated 155:162 arg1 samples 181:187 saline soil samples 169:187 saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China 169:257 Two novel aerobic bacteria, designated strains LAM0312T and LAM0313, were isolated from saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China. 27902214 2 49 attach isolated 155:162 arg2 bacteria 99:106 Two novel aerobic bacteria 81:106 Two novel aerobic bacteria 81:106 Two novel aerobic bacteria, designated strains LAM0312T and LAM0313, were isolated from saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China. 27902214 12 50 theme laterosporus 1402:1413 arg1 25T 1419:1421 Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T 1388:1421 Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T 1388:1421 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 92±0.6 % (reciprocal 90±0.2 %) and the value between strain LAM0312T and Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T was 48±0.5 % (reciprocal 40±0.4 %). 27902214 2 51 theme paddy 206:210 arg1 field 212:216 a paddy field 204:216 a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China 204:257 Two novel aerobic bacteria, designated strains LAM0312T and LAM0313, were isolated from saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China. 27902214 11 52 theme 16S 1020:1022 arg1 similarity 1043:1052 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1020:1052 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 1020:1061 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that the strains were closely related to Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T and Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T with 98.5 and 96.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27902214 11 53 theme sequence 1034:1041 arg1 similarity 1043:1052 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1020:1052 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 1020:1061 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that the strains were closely related to Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T and Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T with 98.5 and 96.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27902214 11 54 theme rRNA 1024:1027 arg1 similarity 1043:1052 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1020:1052 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 1020:1061 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that the strains were closely related to Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T and Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T with 98.5 and 96.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27902214 11 55 theme DSM 1141:1143 arg1 25T 1145:1147 Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T 1114:1147 Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T 1114:1147 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that the strains were closely related to Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T and Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T with 98.5 and 96.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27902214 5 56 theme 12  489:491 arg1 % 492:492 % 492:492 % 492:492 Strain LAM0312T was able to grow in the presence of 12 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902214 11 57 theme similarity 1043:1052 arg1 analysis 1054:1061 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 1020:1061 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 1020:1061 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that the strains were closely related to Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T and Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T with 98.5 and 96.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27902214 12 58 theme reciprocal 1325:1334 arg1 % 1322:1322 92±0.6 % 1315:1322 92±0.6 % (reciprocal 90±0.2 %) 1315:1344 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 92±0.6 % (reciprocal 90±0.2 %) and the value between strain LAM0312T and Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T was 48±0.5 % (reciprocal 40±0.4 %). 27902214 12 58 theme reciprocal 1325:1334 arg1 % 1343:1343 reciprocal 90±0.2 % 1325:1343 reciprocal 90±0.2 % 1325:1343 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 92±0.6 % (reciprocal 90±0.2 %) and the value between strain LAM0312T and Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T was 48±0.5 % (reciprocal 40±0.4 %). 27902214 5 59 theme % 492:492 arg1 NaCl 500:503 12 % (w/v) NaCl 489:503 12 % (w/v) NaCl 489:503 Strain LAM0312T was able to grow in the presence of 12 % (w/v) NaCl. 27902214 10 60 dep strains 921:927 arg1 strains 921:927 strains LAM0312T and LAM0313 921:948 strains LAM0312T and LAM0313 921:948 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strains LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 45.0 and 46.0 mol%, respectively, as determined by the Tm method. 27902214 10 60 dep strains 921:927 arg1 LAM0313 942:948 LAM0313 942:948 LAM0313 942:948 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strains LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 45.0 and 46.0 mol%, respectively, as determined by the Tm method. 27902214 10 60 dep strains 921:927 arg1 LAM0312T 929:936 LAM0312T 929:936 LAM0312T 929:936 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strains LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 45.0 and 46.0 mol%, respectively, as determined by the Tm method. 27902214 13 61 theme genus 1605:1609 arg1 species 1590:1596 a novel species 1582:1596 a novel species 1582:1596 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the two strains are proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Brevibacillus, for which the name Brevibacillus halotolerans sp. 27902214 7 62 theme polar 579:583 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 597:618 diphosphatidylglycerol 597:618 diphosphatidylglycerol 597:618 The dominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, five unidentitied lipids and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine. 27902214 7 62 theme polar 579:583 arg1 lipids 585:590 The dominant polar lipids 566:590 The dominant polar lipids 566:590 The dominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, five unidentitied lipids and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine. 27902214 2 63 theme soil 176:179 arg1 samples 181:187 saline soil samples 169:187 saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China 169:257 Two novel aerobic bacteria, designated strains LAM0312T and LAM0313, were isolated from saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China. 27902214 13 64 dep sp 1672:1673 arg1 halotolerans 1659:1670 the name Brevibacillus halotolerans 1636:1670 the name Brevibacillus halotolerans 1636:1670 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the two strains are proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Brevibacillus, for which the name Brevibacillus halotolerans sp. 27902214 13 65 theme chemotaxonomic 1508:1521 arg1 characteristics 1523:1537 the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1475:1537 the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1475:1537 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the two strains are proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Brevibacillus, for which the name Brevibacillus halotolerans sp. 27902214 4 66 theme growth 384:389 arg1 30 °C 415:419 30 °C 415:419 30 °C 415:419 The optimal growth temperature and pH were 30 °C and pH 7.0-8.0. 27902214 4 66 theme growth 384:389 arg1 temperature 391:401 The optimal growth temperature 372:401 The optimal growth temperature 372:401 The optimal growth temperature and pH were 30 °C and pH 7.0-8.0. 27902214 11 67 theme Brevibacillus 1153:1165 arg1 15716T 1180:1185 Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T 1153:1185 Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T 1153:1185 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that the strains were closely related to Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T and Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T with 98.5 and 96.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27902214 7 68 theme unidentitied 687:698 arg1 lipids 700:705 five unidentitied lipids 682:705 five unidentitied lipids 682:705 The dominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, five unidentitied lipids and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine. 27902214 11 69 theme sequence 1208:1215 arg1 similarity 1217:1226 98.5 and 96.4 % sequence similarity 1192:1226 98.5 and 96.4 % sequence similarity 1192:1226 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that the strains were closely related to Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T and Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T with 98.5 and 96.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27902214 2 70 theme saline 169:174 arg1 samples 181:187 saline soil samples 169:187 saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China 169:257 Two novel aerobic bacteria, designated strains LAM0312T and LAM0313, were isolated from saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China. 27902214 0 71 dep sp 27:28 arg1 halotolerans 14:25 Brevibacillus halotolerans 0:25 Brevibacillus halotolerans 0:25 Brevibacillus halotolerans sp. 27902214 13 72 theme name 1640:1643 arg1 halotolerans 1659:1670 the name Brevibacillus halotolerans 1636:1670 the name Brevibacillus halotolerans 1636:1670 On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the two strains are proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Brevibacillus, for which the name Brevibacillus halotolerans sp. 27902214 12 73 theme DNA-DNA 1247:1253 arg1 hybridization 1255:1267 The DNA-DNA hybridization 1243:1267 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0312T and LAM0313 1243:1309 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 92±0.6 % (reciprocal 90±0.2 %) and the value between strain LAM0312T and Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T was 48±0.5 % (reciprocal 40±0.4 %). 27902214 7 74 theme dominant 570:577 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 597:618 diphosphatidylglycerol 597:618 diphosphatidylglycerol 597:618 The dominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, five unidentitied lipids and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine. 27902214 7 74 theme dominant 570:577 arg1 lipids 585:590 The dominant polar lipids 566:590 The dominant polar lipids 566:590 The dominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, five unidentitied lipids and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine. 27902214 12 75 theme 90±0.2  1336:1342 arg1 % 1322:1322 92±0.6 % 1315:1322 92±0.6 % (reciprocal 90±0.2 %) 1315:1344 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 92±0.6 % (reciprocal 90±0.2 %) and the value between strain LAM0312T and Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T was 48±0.5 % (reciprocal 40±0.4 %). 27902214 12 75 theme 90±0.2  1336:1342 arg1 % 1343:1343 reciprocal 90±0.2 % 1325:1343 reciprocal 90±0.2 % 1325:1343 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 92±0.6 % (reciprocal 90±0.2 %) and the value between strain LAM0312T and Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T was 48±0.5 % (reciprocal 40±0.4 %). 27902214 8 76 theme meso-diaminopimelic 796:814 arg1 acid 816:819 meso-diaminopimelic acid 796:819 meso-diaminopimelic acid 796:819 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27902214 11 77 with related 1103:1109 arg1 similarity 1217:1226 98.5 and 96.4 % sequence similarity 1192:1226 98.5 and 96.4 % sequence similarity 1192:1226 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that the strains were closely related to Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T and Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T with 98.5 and 96.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. 27902214 3 78 with Gram-stain-positive 288:306 arg1 flagella 362:369 peritrichous flagella 349:369 peritrichous flagella 349:369 Cells of these strains were Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped and motile with peritrichous flagella. 27902214 10 79 theme G+C 887:889 arg1 % 971:971 45.0 and 46.0 mol% 954:971 45.0 and 46.0 mol% 954:971 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strains LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 45.0 and 46.0 mol%, respectively, as determined by the Tm method. 27902214 10 79 theme G+C 887:889 arg1 content 891:897 The G+C content 883:897 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strains LAM0312T and LAM0313 883:948 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strains LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 45.0 and 46.0 mol%, respectively, as determined by the Tm method. 27902214 10 80 theme DNA 914:916 arg1 % 971:971 45.0 and 46.0 mol% 954:971 45.0 and 46.0 mol% 954:971 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strains LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 45.0 and 46.0 mol%, respectively, as determined by the Tm method. 27902214 10 80 theme DNA 914:916 arg1 content 891:897 The G+C content 883:897 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strains LAM0312T and LAM0313 883:948 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strains LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 45.0 and 46.0 mol%, respectively, as determined by the Tm method. 27902214 12 81 theme reciprocal 1437:1446 arg1 % 1434:1434 48±0.5 % 1427:1434 48±0.5 % (reciprocal 40±0.4 %) 1427:1456 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 92±0.6 % (reciprocal 90±0.2 %) and the value between strain LAM0312T and Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T was 48±0.5 % (reciprocal 40±0.4 %). 27902214 12 81 theme reciprocal 1437:1446 arg1 % 1455:1455 reciprocal 40±0.4 % 1437:1455 reciprocal 40±0.4 % 1437:1455 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 92±0.6 % (reciprocal 90±0.2 %) and the value between strain LAM0312T and Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T was 48±0.5 % (reciprocal 40±0.4 %). 26585772 11 0 theme fatty 1348:1352 arg1 iso-C16  1365:1372 iso-C16  1365:1372 iso-C16  1365:1372 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 26585772 11 0 theme fatty 1348:1352 arg1 acids 1354:1358 The major fatty acids 1338:1358 The major fatty acids 1338:1358 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 26585772 10 1 located detected 1300:1307 arg1 extracts 1328:1335 the polar lipid extracts 1312:1335 the polar lipid extracts 1312:1335 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and other lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26585772 10 1 located detected 1300:1307 arg2 phospholipids 1264:1276 two unidentified phospholipids 1247:1276 two unidentified phospholipids 1247:1276 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and other lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26585772 10 1 located detected 1300:1307 arg2 lipids 1288:1293 other lipids 1282:1293 other lipids 1282:1293 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and other lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26585772 10 1 located detected 1300:1307 arg2 glycolipid 1235:1244 an unidentified glycolipid 1219:1244 an unidentified glycolipid 1219:1244 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and other lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26585772 10 1 located detected 1300:1307 arg2 Phosphatidylglycerol 1173:1192 Phosphatidylglycerol 1173:1192 Phosphatidylglycerol 1173:1192 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and other lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26585772 10 1 located detected 1300:1307 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 1195:1216 diphosphatidylglycerol 1195:1216 diphosphatidylglycerol 1195:1216 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and other lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26585772 3 2 theme diffusible 503:512 arg1 pigments 514:521 no diffusible pigments 500:521 no diffusible pigments 500:521 This bacterium did not produce substrate mycelia or aerial hyphae, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 26585772 7 3 theme G+C 1005:1007 arg1 content 1009:1015 The DNA G+C content 997:1015 The DNA G+C content of strain S3Af-1T 997:1033 The DNA G+C content of strain S3Af-1T was 67.1 mol%. 26585772 7 3 theme G+C 1005:1007 arg1 % 1047:1047 67.1 mol% 1039:1047 67.1 mol% 1039:1047 The DNA G+C content of strain S3Af-1T was 67.1 mol%. 26585772 12 4 theme chemotaxonomic 1473:1486 arg1 characteristics 1488:1502 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1458:1502 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1458:1502 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain S3Af-1T represents a novel species of the genus Microlunatus, for which the name Microlunatus endophyticus sp. 26585772 2 5 theme Gram-stain-positive 111:129 arg1 bacterium 180:188 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium 109:188 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium 109:188 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain S3Af-1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China, and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26585772 7 6 theme 67.1 mol 1039:1046 arg1 content 1009:1015 The DNA G+C content 997:1015 The DNA G+C content of strain S3Af-1T 997:1033 The DNA G+C content of strain S3Af-1T was 67.1 mol%. 26585772 7 6 theme 67.1 mol 1039:1046 arg1 % 1047:1047 67.1 mol% 1039:1047 67.1 mol% 1039:1047 The DNA G+C content of strain S3Af-1T was 67.1 mol%. 26585772 10 7 theme unidentified 1222:1233 arg1 glycolipid 1235:1244 an unidentified glycolipid 1219:1244 an unidentified glycolipid 1219:1244 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and other lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26585772 14 8 theme 100019T = CGMCC 1676:1690 arg1 4.7306T 1692:1698  = DSM 100019T = CGMCC 4.7306T 1669:1698  = DSM 100019T = CGMCC 4.7306T 1669:1698 The type strain is S3Af-1T ( = DSM 100019T = CGMCC 4.7306T). 26585772 14 8 theme 100019T = CGMCC 1676:1690 arg1 S3Af-1T 1660:1666 S3Af-1T 1660:1666 S3Af-1T ( = DSM 100019T = CGMCC 4.7306T) 1660:1699 The type strain is S3Af-1T ( = DSM 100019T = CGMCC 4.7306T). 26585772 9 9 theme predominant 1147:1157 arg1 MK-9 1116:1119 MK-9 1116:1119 MK-9 1116:1119 MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) were the predominant menaquinones. 26585772 9 9 theme predominant 1147:1157 arg1 menaquinones 1159:1170 the predominant menaquinones 1143:1170 the predominant menaquinones 1143:1170 MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) were the predominant menaquinones. 26585772 9 9 theme predominant 1147:1157 arg1 MK-9 1129:1132 MK-9 1129:1132 MK-9 1129:1132 MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) were the predominant menaquinones. 26585772 5 10 theme 16S 659:661 arg1 sequences 673:681 16S rRNA gene sequences 659:681 16S rRNA gene sequences 659:681 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain S3Af-1T belonged to the genus Microlunatus and shared highest similarity with 'Microlunatus terrae' BS6 (97.43 %) and Microlunatus soli CC-12602T (97.08 %). 26585772 2 11 theme National 311:318 arg1 Reserve 327:333 Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve 298:333 Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China 298:350 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain S3Af-1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China, and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26585772 14 12 theme  = DSM 1669:1674 arg1 4.7306T 1692:1698  = DSM 100019T = CGMCC 4.7306T 1669:1698  = DSM 100019T = CGMCC 4.7306T 1669:1698 The type strain is S3Af-1T ( = DSM 100019T = CGMCC 4.7306T). 26585772 14 12 theme  = DSM 1669:1674 arg1 S3Af-1T 1660:1666 S3Af-1T 1660:1666 S3Af-1T ( = DSM 100019T = CGMCC 4.7306T) 1660:1699 The type strain is S3Af-1T ( = DSM 100019T = CGMCC 4.7306T). 26585772 5 13 theme genus 729:733 arg1 Microlunatus 735:746 the genus Microlunatus 725:746 the genus Microlunatus 725:746 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain S3Af-1T belonged to the genus Microlunatus and shared highest similarity with 'Microlunatus terrae' BS6 (97.43 %) and Microlunatus soli CC-12602T (97.08 %). 26585772 6 14 theme hybridization 870:882 arg1 results 884:890 DNA-DNA hybridization results 862:890 DNA-DNA hybridization results 862:890 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the level of relatedness between strain S3Af-1T and M. soli CC-12602T was less than 70 %. 26585772 5 15 theme rRNA 663:666 arg1 sequences 673:681 16S rRNA gene sequences 659:681 16S rRNA gene sequences 659:681 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain S3Af-1T belonged to the genus Microlunatus and shared highest similarity with 'Microlunatus terrae' BS6 (97.43 %) and Microlunatus soli CC-12602T (97.08 %). 26585772 2 16 theme Dongzhaigang 298:309 arg1 Reserve 327:333 Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve 298:333 Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China 298:350 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain S3Af-1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China, and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26585772 2 17 attach isolated 222:229 arg1 bark 255:258 surface-sterilized bark 236:258 surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China 236:350 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain S3Af-1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China, and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26585772 2 17 attach isolated 222:229 arg2 bacterium 180:188 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium 109:188 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium 109:188 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain S3Af-1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China, and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26585772 6 18 theme DNA-DNA 862:868 arg1 hybridization 870:882 DNA-DNA hybridization 862:882 DNA-DNA hybridization results 862:890 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the level of relatedness between strain S3Af-1T and M. soli CC-12602T was less than 70 %. 26585772 12 19 dep analysis 1444:1451 arg1 the 1418:1420 the 1418:1420 the 1418:1420 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain S3Af-1T represents a novel species of the genus Microlunatus, for which the name Microlunatus endophyticus sp. 26585772 12 19 dep analysis 1444:1451 arg1 basis 1422:1426 basis 1422:1426 basis 1422:1426 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain S3Af-1T represents a novel species of the genus Microlunatus, for which the name Microlunatus endophyticus sp. 26585772 10 20 theme unidentified 1251:1262 arg1 phospholipids 1264:1276 two unidentified phospholipids 1247:1276 two unidentified phospholipids 1247:1276 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and other lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26585772 0 21 theme endophyticus 13:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Microlunatus endophyticus sp 0:27 Microlunatus endophyticus sp. 0:28 Microlunatus endophyticus sp. 26585772 5 22 theme Phylogenetic 628:639 arg1 analysis 641:648 Phylogenetic analysis 628:648 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 628:681 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain S3Af-1T belonged to the genus Microlunatus and shared highest similarity with 'Microlunatus terrae' BS6 (97.43 %) and Microlunatus soli CC-12602T (97.08 %). 26585772 4 23 theme Strain 558:563 arg1 S3Af-1T 565:571 Strain S3Af-1T 558:571 Strain S3Af-1T 558:571 Strain S3Af-1T grew optimally without NaCl, at 28-30 °C and at pH 7.0. 26585772 8 24 theme cell-wall 1054:1062 arg1 peptidoglycan 1064:1076 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1050:1076 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1050:1076 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 26585772 0 25 theme Microlunatus 0:11 arg1 sp 26:27 Microlunatus endophyticus sp 0:27 Microlunatus endophyticus sp. 0:28 Microlunatus endophyticus sp. 26585772 1 26 attach isolated 66:73 arg2 actinobacterium 50:64 an endophytic actinobacterium 36:64 an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from bark of Bruguiera sexangula 36:106 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from bark of Bruguiera sexangula. 26585772 1 26 attach isolated 66:73 arg1 bark 80:83 bark 80:83 bark of Bruguiera sexangula 80:106 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from bark of Bruguiera sexangula. 26585772 1 27 theme Bruguiera 88:96 arg1 sexangula 98:106 Bruguiera sexangula 88:106 Bruguiera sexangula 88:106 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from bark of Bruguiera sexangula. 26585772 12 28 theme genus 1554:1558 arg1 Microlunatus 1560:1571 the genus Microlunatus 1550:1571 the genus Microlunatus 1550:1571 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain S3Af-1T represents a novel species of the genus Microlunatus, for which the name Microlunatus endophyticus sp. 26585772 5 29 theme strain 698:703 arg1 S3Af-1T 705:711 strain S3Af-1T 698:711 strain S3Af-1T 698:711 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain S3Af-1T belonged to the genus Microlunatus and shared highest similarity with 'Microlunatus terrae' BS6 (97.43 %) and Microlunatus soli CC-12602T (97.08 %). 26585772 1 30 theme sexangula 98:106 arg1 bark 80:83 bark 80:83 bark of Bruguiera sexangula 80:106 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from bark of Bruguiera sexangula. 26585772 2 31 theme Nature 320:325 arg1 Reserve 327:333 Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve 298:333 Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China 298:350 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain S3Af-1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China, and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26585772 12 32 theme Microlunatus 1593:1604 arg1 sp 1619:1620 the name Microlunatus endophyticus sp 1584:1620 the name Microlunatus endophyticus sp 1584:1620 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain S3Af-1T represents a novel species of the genus Microlunatus, for which the name Microlunatus endophyticus sp. 26585772 3 33 theme aerial 481:486 arg1 hyphae 488:493 aerial hyphae 481:493 aerial hyphae 481:493 This bacterium did not produce substrate mycelia or aerial hyphae, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 26585772 6 34 theme strain 940:945 arg1 S3Af-1T 947:953 strain S3Af-1T 940:953 strain S3Af-1T 940:953 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the level of relatedness between strain S3Af-1T and M. soli CC-12602T was less than 70 %. 26585772 5 35 theme Microlunatus 823:834 arg1 CC-12602T 841:849 Microlunatus soli CC-12602T 823:849 Microlunatus soli CC-12602T (97.08 %) 823:859 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain S3Af-1T belonged to the genus Microlunatus and shared highest similarity with 'Microlunatus terrae' BS6 (97.43 %) and Microlunatus soli CC-12602T (97.08 %). 26585772 5 35 theme Microlunatus 823:834 arg1 % 858:858 97.08 % 852:858 97.08 % 852:858 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain S3Af-1T belonged to the genus Microlunatus and shared highest similarity with 'Microlunatus terrae' BS6 (97.43 %) and Microlunatus soli CC-12602T (97.08 %). 26585772 2 36 theme surface-sterilized 236:253 arg1 bark 255:258 surface-sterilized bark 236:258 surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China 236:350 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain S3Af-1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China, and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26585772 10 37 theme other 1282:1286 arg1 lipids 1288:1293 other lipids 1282:1293 other lipids 1282:1293 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and other lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26585772 3 38 theme substrate 460:468 arg1 mycelia 470:476 substrate mycelia 460:476 substrate mycelia 460:476 This bacterium did not produce substrate mycelia or aerial hyphae, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 26585772 11 39 theme major 1342:1346 arg1 iso-C16  1365:1372 iso-C16  1365:1372 iso-C16  1365:1372 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 26585772 11 39 theme major 1342:1346 arg1 acids 1354:1358 The major fatty acids 1338:1358 The major fatty acids 1338:1358 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 26585772 2 40 dep Gram-stain-positive 111:129 arg1 coccoid 141:147 coccoid 141:147 coccoid 141:147 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain S3Af-1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China, and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26585772 2 40 dep Gram-stain-positive 111:129 arg1 aerobic 132:138 aerobic 132:138 aerobic 132:138 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain S3Af-1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China, and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26585772 2 40 dep Gram-stain-positive 111:129 arg1 non-spore-forming 162:178 non-spore-forming 162:178 non-spore-forming 162:178 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain S3Af-1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China, and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26585772 2 40 dep Gram-stain-positive 111:129 arg1 non-motile 150:159 non-motile 150:159 non-motile 150:159 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain S3Af-1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China, and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26585772 7 41 theme strain 1020:1025 arg1 S3Af-1T 1027:1033 strain S3Af-1T 1020:1033 strain S3Af-1T 1020:1033 The DNA G+C content of strain S3Af-1T was 67.1 mol%. 26585772 12 42 theme phenotypic 1458:1467 arg1 characteristics 1488:1502 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1458:1502 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1458:1502 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain S3Af-1T represents a novel species of the genus Microlunatus, for which the name Microlunatus endophyticus sp. 26585772 3 43 located observed 528:535 arg1 media 544:548 the media 540:548 the media tested 540:555 This bacterium did not produce substrate mycelia or aerial hyphae, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 26585772 3 43 located observed 528:535 arg2 pigments 514:521 no diffusible pigments 500:521 no diffusible pigments 500:521 This bacterium did not produce substrate mycelia or aerial hyphae, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. 26585772 2 44 theme taxonomic 409:417 arg1 position 419:426 its taxonomic position 405:426 its taxonomic position 405:426 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain S3Af-1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China, and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26585772 5 45 theme terrae 797:802 arg1 BS6 805:807 'Microlunatus terrae' BS6 783:807 'Microlunatus terrae' BS6 (97.43 %) 783:817 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain S3Af-1T belonged to the genus Microlunatus and shared highest similarity with 'Microlunatus terrae' BS6 (97.43 %) and Microlunatus soli CC-12602T (97.08 %). 26585772 5 45 theme terrae 797:802 arg1 % 816:816 97.43 % 810:816 97.43 % 810:816 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain S3Af-1T belonged to the genus Microlunatus and shared highest similarity with 'Microlunatus terrae' BS6 (97.43 %) and Microlunatus soli CC-12602T (97.08 %). 26585772 6 46 theme relatedness 920:930 arg1 level 911:915 the level 907:915 the level of relatedness between strain S3Af-1T and M. soli CC-12602T 907:975 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the level of relatedness between strain S3Af-1T and M. soli CC-12602T was less than 70 %. 26585772 6 46 theme relatedness 920:930 arg1 % 994:994 less than 70 % 981:994 less than 70 % 981:994 DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the level of relatedness between strain S3Af-1T and M. soli CC-12602T was less than 70 %. 26585772 5 47 theme gene 668:671 arg1 sequences 673:681 16S rRNA gene sequences 659:681 16S rRNA gene sequences 659:681 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain S3Af-1T belonged to the genus Microlunatus and shared highest similarity with 'Microlunatus terrae' BS6 (97.43 %) and Microlunatus soli CC-12602T (97.08 %). 26585772 14 48 theme type 1645:1648 arg1 strain 1650:1655 The type strain 1641:1655 The type strain 1641:1655 The type strain is S3Af-1T ( = DSM 100019T = CGMCC 4.7306T). 26585772 14 48 theme type 1645:1648 arg1 S3Af-1T 1660:1666 S3Af-1T 1660:1666 S3Af-1T ( = DSM 100019T = CGMCC 4.7306T) 1660:1699 The type strain is S3Af-1T ( = DSM 100019T = CGMCC 4.7306T). 26585772 10 49 theme polar 1316:1320 arg1 extracts 1328:1335 the polar lipid extracts 1312:1335 the polar lipid extracts 1312:1335 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and other lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26585772 8 50 contain contained 1078:1086 arg1 peptidoglycan 1064:1076 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1050:1076 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1050:1076 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 26585772 8 50 contain contained 1078:1086 arg2 acid 1110:1113 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 1088:1113 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 1088:1113 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 26585772 11 51 dep iso-C16  1365:1372 arg1  0 1411:1412  0 1411:1412  0 1411:1412 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 26585772 11 51 dep iso-C16  1365:1372 arg1 anteiso-C15  1398:1409 anteiso-C15  1398:1409 anteiso-C15  1398:1409 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 26585772 11 51 dep iso-C16  1365:1372 arg1  0 1391:1392  0 1391:1392  0 1391:1392 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 26585772 11 51 dep iso-C16  1365:1372 arg1  0 1374:1375  0 1374:1375  0 1374:1375 The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 26585772 7 52 theme S3Af-1T 1027:1033 arg1 content 1009:1015 The DNA G+C content 997:1015 The DNA G+C content of strain S3Af-1T 997:1033 The DNA G+C content of strain S3Af-1T was 67.1 mol%. 26585772 7 52 theme S3Af-1T 1027:1033 arg1 % 1047:1047 67.1 mol% 1039:1047 67.1 mol% 1039:1047 The DNA G+C content of strain S3Af-1T was 67.1 mol%. 26585772 8 53 theme ll-2,6-diaminopimelic 1088:1108 arg1 acid 1110:1113 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 1088:1113 ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 1088:1113 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. 26585772 12 54 theme phylogenetic 1431:1442 arg1 analysis 1444:1451 phylogenetic analysis 1431:1451 phylogenetic analysis 1431:1451 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain S3Af-1T represents a novel species of the genus Microlunatus, for which the name Microlunatus endophyticus sp. 26585772 2 55 theme sexangula 273:281 arg1 bark 255:258 surface-sterilized bark 236:258 surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China 236:350 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain S3Af-1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China, and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26585772 1 56 dep actinobacterium 50:64 arg1 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from bark of Bruguiera sexangula. 26585772 7 57 theme DNA 1001:1003 arg1 content 1009:1015 The DNA G+C content 997:1015 The DNA G+C content of strain S3Af-1T 997:1033 The DNA G+C content of strain S3Af-1T was 67.1 mol%. 26585772 7 57 theme DNA 1001:1003 arg1 % 1047:1047 67.1 mol% 1039:1047 67.1 mol% 1039:1047 The DNA G+C content of strain S3Af-1T was 67.1 mol%. 26585772 2 58 theme strain 202:207 arg1 S3Af-1T 209:215 strain S3Af-1T 202:215 strain S3Af-1T 202:215 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain S3Af-1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China, and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26585772 10 59 theme lipid 1322:1326 arg1 extracts 1328:1335 the polar lipid extracts 1312:1335 the polar lipid extracts 1312:1335 Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and other lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. 26585772 12 60 theme name 1588:1591 arg1 sp 1619:1620 the name Microlunatus endophyticus sp 1584:1620 the name Microlunatus endophyticus sp 1584:1620 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain S3Af-1T represents a novel species of the genus Microlunatus, for which the name Microlunatus endophyticus sp. 26585772 12 61 dep Microlunatus 1593:1604 arg1 endophyticus 1606:1617 endophyticus 1606:1617 endophyticus 1606:1617 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain S3Af-1T represents a novel species of the genus Microlunatus, for which the name Microlunatus endophyticus sp. 26585772 12 62 theme strain 1505:1510 arg1 S3Af-1T 1512:1518 strain S3Af-1T 1505:1518 strain S3Af-1T 1505:1518 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain S3Af-1T represents a novel species of the genus Microlunatus, for which the name Microlunatus endophyticus sp. 26585772 5 63 theme soli 836:839 arg1 CC-12602T 841:849 Microlunatus soli CC-12602T 823:849 Microlunatus soli CC-12602T (97.08 %) 823:859 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain S3Af-1T belonged to the genus Microlunatus and shared highest similarity with 'Microlunatus terrae' BS6 (97.43 %) and Microlunatus soli CC-12602T (97.08 %). 26585772 5 63 theme soli 836:839 arg1 % 858:858 97.08 % 852:858 97.08 % 852:858 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain S3Af-1T belonged to the genus Microlunatus and shared highest similarity with 'Microlunatus terrae' BS6 (97.43 %) and Microlunatus soli CC-12602T (97.08 %). 26585772 12 64 theme Microlunatus 1560:1571 arg1 species 1539:1545 a novel species 1531:1545 a novel species 1531:1545 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain S3Af-1T represents a novel species of the genus Microlunatus, for which the name Microlunatus endophyticus sp. 26585772 2 65 theme polyphasic 374:383 arg1 approach 385:392 a polyphasic approach 372:392 a polyphasic approach 372:392 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain S3Af-1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China, and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26585772 5 66 theme highest 759:765 arg1 similarity 767:776 highest similarity 759:776 highest similarity 759:776 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain S3Af-1T belonged to the genus Microlunatus and shared highest similarity with 'Microlunatus terrae' BS6 (97.43 %) and Microlunatus soli CC-12602T (97.08 %). 26585772 1 67 theme endophytic 39:48 arg1 actinobacterium 50:64 an endophytic actinobacterium 36:64 an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from bark of Bruguiera sexangula 36:106 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from bark of Bruguiera sexangula. 26585772 2 68 from Reserve 327:333 arg1 China 346:350 China 346:350 China 346:350 A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain S3Af-1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan, China, and examined using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. 26585772 12 69 theme novel 1533:1537 arg1 species 1539:1545 a novel species 1531:1545 a novel species 1531:1545 On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain S3Af-1T represents a novel species of the genus Microlunatus, for which the name Microlunatus endophyticus sp. 25220432 1 0 theme unique 183:188 arg1 biocompatibility 209:224 biocompatibility 209:224 biocompatibility 209:224 Polysaccharides have emerged as important functional materials because of their unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and availability of reactive sites for chemical modifications to optimize their properties. 25220432 1 0 theme unique 183:188 arg1 availability 249:260 availability 249:260 availability 249:260 Polysaccharides have emerged as important functional materials because of their unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and availability of reactive sites for chemical modifications to optimize their properties. 25220432 1 0 theme unique 183:188 arg1 biodegradability 227:242 biodegradability 227:242 biodegradability 227:242 Polysaccharides have emerged as important functional materials because of their unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and availability of reactive sites for chemical modifications to optimize their properties. 25220432 1 0 theme unique 183:188 arg1 properties 190:199 their unique properties 177:199 their unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and availability of reactive sites for chemical modifications to optimize their properties 177:334 Polysaccharides have emerged as important functional materials because of their unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and availability of reactive sites for chemical modifications to optimize their properties. 25220432 1 1 theme chemical 284:291 arg1 modifications 293:305 chemical modifications 284:305 chemical modifications 284:305 Polysaccharides have emerged as important functional materials because of their unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and availability of reactive sites for chemical modifications to optimize their properties. 25220432 5 2 theme specific 986:993 arg1 polysaccharide 995:1008 the specific polysaccharide 982:1008 the specific polysaccharide 982:1008 Notably, it is found that for efficient oxime formation, different conditions are required depending on the composition of the specific polysaccharide. 25220432 6 3 theme tissue 1158:1163 arg1 engineering 1165:1175 tissue engineering 1158:1175 tissue engineering 1158:1175 It is also shown how our strategy can be applied to improve the physical and functional properties of alginate hydrogels, which are widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 25220432 1 4 theme properties 190:199 arg1 materials 156:164 important functional materials 135:164 important functional materials because of their unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and availability of reactive sites for chemical modifications to optimize their properties 135:334 Polysaccharides have emerged as important functional materials because of their unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and availability of reactive sites for chemical modifications to optimize their properties. 25220432 7 5 theme viscoelastic 1287:1298 arg1 properties 1300:1309 similar viscoelastic properties 1279:1309 similar viscoelastic properties 1279:1309 While the randomly and selectively modified alginate exhibits similar viscoelastic properties, the latter forms significantly more stable hydrogel and superior cell adhesive and functional properties. 25220432 8 6 theme polysaccharide-based 1533:1552 arg1 materials 1565:1573 polysaccharide-based functional materials 1533:1573 polysaccharide-based functional materials with unique properties 1533:1596 Our results show that the developed conjugation reaction is robust and should open new opportunities for preparing polysaccharide-based functional materials with unique properties. 25220432 3 7 theme partners 609:616 arg1 excess 590:595 excess 590:595 excess of coupling partners, long reaction times 590:637 On the other hand, the employed methods for selective modifications often require excess of coupling partners, long reaction times and are limited in their scope and wide applicability. 25220432 3 8 theme reaction 624:631 arg1 partners 609:616 coupling partners 600:616 coupling partners 600:616 On the other hand, the employed methods for selective modifications often require excess of coupling partners, long reaction times and are limited in their scope and wide applicability. 25220432 3 8 theme reaction 624:631 arg1 times 633:637 long reaction times 619:637 long reaction times 619:637 On the other hand, the employed methods for selective modifications often require excess of coupling partners, long reaction times and are limited in their scope and wide applicability. 25220432 0 9 from Applications 64:75 arg1 Medicine 93:100 Regenerative Medicine 80:100 Regenerative Medicine 80:100 Rapid End-Group Modification of Polysaccharides for Biomaterial Applications in Regenerative Medicine. 25220432 2 10 theme random 411:416 arg1 modifications 427:439 random chemical modifications 411:439 random chemical modifications 411:439 The overwhelming majority of the methods to modify polysaccharides employ random chemical modifications, which often improve certain properties while compromising others. 25220432 3 11 from scope 664:668 arg1 limited 647:653 limited 647:653 limited 647:653 On the other hand, the employed methods for selective modifications often require excess of coupling partners, long reaction times and are limited in their scope and wide applicability. 25220432 3 11 from scope 664:668 arg1 methods 540:546 the employed methods 527:546 the employed methods for selective modifications 527:574 On the other hand, the employed methods for selective modifications often require excess of coupling partners, long reaction times and are limited in their scope and wide applicability. 25220432 5 12 theme polysaccharide 995:1008 arg1 composition 967:977 the composition 963:977 the composition of the specific polysaccharide 963:1008 Notably, it is found that for efficient oxime formation, different conditions are required depending on the composition of the specific polysaccharide. 25220432 7 13 theme similar 1279:1285 arg1 properties 1300:1309 similar viscoelastic properties 1279:1309 similar viscoelastic properties 1279:1309 While the randomly and selectively modified alginate exhibits similar viscoelastic properties, the latter forms significantly more stable hydrogel and superior cell adhesive and functional properties. 25220432 6 14 theme regenerative 1181:1192 arg1 medicine 1194:1201 regenerative medicine 1181:1201 regenerative medicine 1181:1201 It is also shown how our strategy can be applied to improve the physical and functional properties of alginate hydrogels, which are widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 25220432 3 15 theme coupling 600:607 arg1 partners 609:616 coupling partners 600:616 coupling partners 600:616 On the other hand, the employed methods for selective modifications often require excess of coupling partners, long reaction times and are limited in their scope and wide applicability. 25220432 3 15 theme coupling 600:607 arg1 times 633:637 long reaction times 619:637 long reaction times 619:637 On the other hand, the employed methods for selective modifications often require excess of coupling partners, long reaction times and are limited in their scope and wide applicability. 25220432 0 16 theme End-Group 6:14 arg1 Modification 16:27 Rapid End-Group Modification 0:27 Rapid End-Group Modification of Polysaccharides for Biomaterial Applications in Regenerative Medicine 0:100 Rapid End-Group Modification of Polysaccharides for Biomaterial Applications in Regenerative Medicine. 25220432 3 17 from applicability 679:691 arg1 limited 647:653 limited 647:653 limited 647:653 On the other hand, the employed methods for selective modifications often require excess of coupling partners, long reaction times and are limited in their scope and wide applicability. 25220432 3 17 from applicability 679:691 arg1 methods 540:546 the employed methods 527:546 the employed methods for selective modifications 527:574 On the other hand, the employed methods for selective modifications often require excess of coupling partners, long reaction times and are limited in their scope and wide applicability. 25220432 4 18 theme oxime 743:747 arg1 formation 749:757 aniline-catalyzed oxime formation 725:757 aniline-catalyzed oxime formation 725:757 To circumvent these drawbacks, aniline-catalyzed oxime formation is developed for selective modification of a variety of polysaccharides through their reducing end. 25220432 0 19 theme Rapid 0:4 arg1 Modification 16:27 Rapid End-Group Modification 0:27 Rapid End-Group Modification of Polysaccharides for Biomaterial Applications in Regenerative Medicine 0:100 Rapid End-Group Modification of Polysaccharides for Biomaterial Applications in Regenerative Medicine. 25220432 4 20 theme variety 804:810 arg1 modification 786:797 selective modification 776:797 selective modification of a variety of polysaccharides 776:829 To circumvent these drawbacks, aniline-catalyzed oxime formation is developed for selective modification of a variety of polysaccharides through their reducing end. 25220432 4 21 theme aniline-catalyzed 725:741 arg1 formation 749:757 aniline-catalyzed oxime formation 725:757 aniline-catalyzed oxime formation 725:757 To circumvent these drawbacks, aniline-catalyzed oxime formation is developed for selective modification of a variety of polysaccharides through their reducing end. 25220432 3 22 theme long 619:622 arg1 partners 609:616 coupling partners 600:616 coupling partners 600:616 On the other hand, the employed methods for selective modifications often require excess of coupling partners, long reaction times and are limited in their scope and wide applicability. 25220432 3 22 theme long 619:622 arg1 times 633:637 long reaction times 619:637 long reaction times 619:637 On the other hand, the employed methods for selective modifications often require excess of coupling partners, long reaction times and are limited in their scope and wide applicability. 25220432 3 23 from limited 647:653 arg1 scope 664:668 their scope 658:668 their scope 658:668 On the other hand, the employed methods for selective modifications often require excess of coupling partners, long reaction times and are limited in their scope and wide applicability. 25220432 3 23 from limited 647:653 arg1 applicability 679:691 wide applicability 674:691 wide applicability 674:691 On the other hand, the employed methods for selective modifications often require excess of coupling partners, long reaction times and are limited in their scope and wide applicability. 25220432 5 24 theme oxime 899:903 arg1 formation 905:913 efficient oxime formation 889:913 efficient oxime formation 889:913 Notably, it is found that for efficient oxime formation, different conditions are required depending on the composition of the specific polysaccharide. 25220432 5 25 theme efficient 889:897 arg1 formation 905:913 efficient oxime formation 889:913 efficient oxime formation 889:913 Notably, it is found that for efficient oxime formation, different conditions are required depending on the composition of the specific polysaccharide. 25220432 8 26 theme unique 1580:1585 arg1 properties 1587:1596 unique properties 1580:1596 unique properties 1580:1596 Our results show that the developed conjugation reaction is robust and should open new opportunities for preparing polysaccharide-based functional materials with unique properties. 25220432 2 27 theme overwhelming 341:352 arg1 majority 354:361 The overwhelming majority 337:361 The overwhelming majority of the methods to modify polysaccharides 337:402 The overwhelming majority of the methods to modify polysaccharides employ random chemical modifications, which often improve certain properties while compromising others. 25220432 6 28 theme alginate 1113:1120 arg1 hydrogels 1122:1130 alginate hydrogels 1113:1130 alginate hydrogels 1113:1130 It is also shown how our strategy can be applied to improve the physical and functional properties of alginate hydrogels, which are widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 25220432 7 29 theme functional 1395:1404 arg1 properties 1406:1415 superior cell adhesive and functional properties 1368:1415 properties 1406:1415 While the randomly and selectively modified alginate exhibits similar viscoelastic properties, the latter forms significantly more stable hydrogel and superior cell adhesive and functional properties. 25220432 3 30 theme selective 552:560 arg1 modifications 562:574 selective modifications 552:574 selective modifications 552:574 On the other hand, the employed methods for selective modifications often require excess of coupling partners, long reaction times and are limited in their scope and wide applicability. 25220432 8 31 theme new 1501:1503 arg1 opportunities 1505:1517 new opportunities 1501:1517 new opportunities for preparing polysaccharide-based functional materials with unique properties 1501:1596 Our results show that the developed conjugation reaction is robust and should open new opportunities for preparing polysaccharide-based functional materials with unique properties. 25220432 3 32 theme other 515:519 arg1 hand 521:524 the other hand 511:524 the other hand 511:524 On the other hand, the employed methods for selective modifications often require excess of coupling partners, long reaction times and are limited in their scope and wide applicability. 25220432 0 33 theme Polysaccharides 32:46 arg1 Modification 16:27 Rapid End-Group Modification 0:27 Rapid End-Group Modification of Polysaccharides for Biomaterial Applications in Regenerative Medicine 0:100 Rapid End-Group Modification of Polysaccharides for Biomaterial Applications in Regenerative Medicine. 25220432 0 34 mod Modification 16:27 arg3 End-Group 6:14 Rapid End-Group Modification 0:27 Rapid End-Group Modification of Polysaccharides for Biomaterial Applications in Regenerative Medicine 0:100 Rapid End-Group Modification of Polysaccharides for Biomaterial Applications in Regenerative Medicine. 25220432 0 34 mod Modification 16:27 arg1 Polysaccharides 32:46 Polysaccharides 32:46 Polysaccharides 32:46 Rapid End-Group Modification of Polysaccharides for Biomaterial Applications in Regenerative Medicine. 25220432 6 35 theme physical 1075:1082 arg1 properties 1099:1108 the physical and functional properties 1071:1108 the physical and functional properties of alginate hydrogels, which are widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications 1071:1214 It is also shown how our strategy can be applied to improve the physical and functional properties of alginate hydrogels, which are widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 25220432 6 36 used used 1150:1153 arg2 hydrogels 1122:1130 alginate hydrogels 1113:1130 alginate hydrogels 1113:1130 It is also shown how our strategy can be applied to improve the physical and functional properties of alginate hydrogels, which are widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 25220432 2 37 theme certain 462:468 arg1 properties 470:479 certain properties 462:479 certain properties 462:479 The overwhelming majority of the methods to modify polysaccharides employ random chemical modifications, which often improve certain properties while compromising others. 25220432 8 38 with materials 1565:1573 arg1 properties 1587:1596 unique properties 1580:1596 unique properties 1580:1596 Our results show that the developed conjugation reaction is robust and should open new opportunities for preparing polysaccharide-based functional materials with unique properties. 25220432 8 39 theme developed 1444:1452 arg1 robust 1478:1483 robust 1478:1483 robust 1478:1483 Our results show that the developed conjugation reaction is robust and should open new opportunities for preparing polysaccharide-based functional materials with unique properties. 25220432 8 39 theme developed 1444:1452 arg1 reaction 1466:1473 the developed conjugation reaction 1440:1473 the developed conjugation reaction 1440:1473 Our results show that the developed conjugation reaction is robust and should open new opportunities for preparing polysaccharide-based functional materials with unique properties. 25220432 6 40 dep engineering 1165:1175 arg1 applications 1203:1214 applications 1203:1214 applications 1203:1214 It is also shown how our strategy can be applied to improve the physical and functional properties of alginate hydrogels, which are widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 25220432 1 41 theme important 135:143 arg1 materials 156:164 important functional materials 135:164 important functional materials because of their unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and availability of reactive sites for chemical modifications to optimize their properties 135:334 Polysaccharides have emerged as important functional materials because of their unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and availability of reactive sites for chemical modifications to optimize their properties. 25220432 0 42 theme Biomaterial 52:62 arg1 Applications 64:75 Biomaterial Applications 52:75 Biomaterial Applications in Regenerative Medicine 52:100 Rapid End-Group Modification of Polysaccharides for Biomaterial Applications in Regenerative Medicine. 25220432 1 43 theme functional 145:154 arg1 materials 156:164 important functional materials 135:164 important functional materials because of their unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and availability of reactive sites for chemical modifications to optimize their properties 135:334 Polysaccharides have emerged as important functional materials because of their unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and availability of reactive sites for chemical modifications to optimize their properties. 25220432 7 44 theme modified 1252:1259 arg1 alginate 1261:1268 the randomly and selectively modified alginate 1223:1268 the randomly and selectively modified alginate 1223:1268 While the randomly and selectively modified alginate exhibits similar viscoelastic properties, the latter forms significantly more stable hydrogel and superior cell adhesive and functional properties. 25220432 3 45 theme wide 674:677 arg1 applicability 679:691 wide applicability 674:691 wide applicability 674:691 On the other hand, the employed methods for selective modifications often require excess of coupling partners, long reaction times and are limited in their scope and wide applicability. 25220432 3 46 theme employed 531:538 arg1 methods 540:546 the employed methods 527:546 the employed methods for selective modifications 527:574 On the other hand, the employed methods for selective modifications often require excess of coupling partners, long reaction times and are limited in their scope and wide applicability. 25220432 3 46 theme employed 531:538 arg1 limited 647:653 limited 647:653 limited 647:653 On the other hand, the employed methods for selective modifications often require excess of coupling partners, long reaction times and are limited in their scope and wide applicability. 25220432 6 47 theme functional 1088:1097 arg1 properties 1099:1108 the physical and functional properties 1071:1108 the physical and functional properties of alginate hydrogels, which are widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications 1071:1214 It is also shown how our strategy can be applied to improve the physical and functional properties of alginate hydrogels, which are widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 25220432 8 48 theme conjugation 1454:1464 arg1 robust 1478:1483 robust 1478:1483 robust 1478:1483 Our results show that the developed conjugation reaction is robust and should open new opportunities for preparing polysaccharide-based functional materials with unique properties. 25220432 8 48 theme conjugation 1454:1464 arg1 reaction 1466:1473 the developed conjugation reaction 1440:1473 the developed conjugation reaction 1440:1473 Our results show that the developed conjugation reaction is robust and should open new opportunities for preparing polysaccharide-based functional materials with unique properties. 25220432 4 49 theme reducing 845:852 arg1 end 854:856 their reducing end 839:856 their reducing end 839:856 To circumvent these drawbacks, aniline-catalyzed oxime formation is developed for selective modification of a variety of polysaccharides through their reducing end. 25220432 4 50 theme polysaccharides 815:829 arg1 polysaccharides 815:829 polysaccharides 815:829 polysaccharides 815:829 To circumvent these drawbacks, aniline-catalyzed oxime formation is developed for selective modification of a variety of polysaccharides through their reducing end. 25220432 4 50 theme polysaccharides 815:829 arg1 variety 804:810 a variety 802:810 a variety of polysaccharides 802:829 To circumvent these drawbacks, aniline-catalyzed oxime formation is developed for selective modification of a variety of polysaccharides through their reducing end. 25220432 2 51 theme methods 370:376 arg1 majority 354:361 The overwhelming majority 337:361 The overwhelming majority of the methods to modify polysaccharides 337:402 The overwhelming majority of the methods to modify polysaccharides employ random chemical modifications, which often improve certain properties while compromising others. 25220432 1 52 theme reactive 265:272 arg1 sites 274:278 reactive sites 265:278 reactive sites for chemical modifications 265:305 Polysaccharides have emerged as important functional materials because of their unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and availability of reactive sites for chemical modifications to optimize their properties. 25220432 0 53 theme Regenerative 80:91 arg1 Medicine 93:100 Regenerative Medicine 80:100 Regenerative Medicine 80:100 Rapid End-Group Modification of Polysaccharides for Biomaterial Applications in Regenerative Medicine. 25220432 5 54 theme different 916:924 arg1 conditions 926:935 different conditions 916:935 different conditions 916:935 Notably, it is found that for efficient oxime formation, different conditions are required depending on the composition of the specific polysaccharide. 25220432 6 55 theme hydrogels 1122:1130 arg1 properties 1099:1108 the physical and functional properties 1071:1108 the physical and functional properties of alginate hydrogels, which are widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications 1071:1214 It is also shown how our strategy can be applied to improve the physical and functional properties of alginate hydrogels, which are widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 25220432 7 56 theme stable 1348:1353 arg1 hydrogel 1355:1362 significantly more stable hydrogel 1329:1362 significantly more stable hydrogel 1329:1362 While the randomly and selectively modified alginate exhibits similar viscoelastic properties, the latter forms significantly more stable hydrogel and superior cell adhesive and functional properties. 25220432 1 57 theme sites 274:278 arg1 biocompatibility 209:224 biocompatibility 209:224 biocompatibility 209:224 Polysaccharides have emerged as important functional materials because of their unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and availability of reactive sites for chemical modifications to optimize their properties. 25220432 1 57 theme sites 274:278 arg1 biodegradability 227:242 biodegradability 227:242 biodegradability 227:242 Polysaccharides have emerged as important functional materials because of their unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and availability of reactive sites for chemical modifications to optimize their properties. 25220432 1 57 theme sites 274:278 arg1 availability 249:260 availability 249:260 availability 249:260 Polysaccharides have emerged as important functional materials because of their unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and availability of reactive sites for chemical modifications to optimize their properties. 25220432 8 58 theme functional 1554:1563 arg1 materials 1565:1573 polysaccharide-based functional materials 1533:1573 polysaccharide-based functional materials with unique properties 1533:1596 Our results show that the developed conjugation reaction is robust and should open new opportunities for preparing polysaccharide-based functional materials with unique properties. 25220432 2 59 theme chemical 418:425 arg1 modifications 427:439 random chemical modifications 411:439 random chemical modifications 411:439 The overwhelming majority of the methods to modify polysaccharides employ random chemical modifications, which often improve certain properties while compromising others. 25220432 4 60 theme selective 776:784 arg1 modification 786:797 selective modification 776:797 selective modification of a variety of polysaccharides 776:829 To circumvent these drawbacks, aniline-catalyzed oxime formation is developed for selective modification of a variety of polysaccharides through their reducing end. 29208899 0 0 from transplantation 8:22 arg1 rats 65:68 rats 65:68 rats 65:68 In vivo transplantation of 3D encapsulated ovarian constructs in rats corrects abnormalities of ovarian failure. 29208899 5 1 theme stable 933:938 arg1 secretion 940:948 stable secretion 933:948 stable secretion of hormones 933:960 Following implantation in ovariectomized (ovx) rats, the Sr++-cross-linked constructs achieve stable secretion of hormones during 90 days of study. 29208899 1 2 theme cancer 239:244 arg1 patients 246:253 cancer patients 239:253 cancer patients undergoing treatments that ablate the ovaries 239:299 Safe clinical hormone replacement (HR) will likely become increasingly important in the growing populations of aged women and cancer patients undergoing treatments that ablate the ovaries. 29208899 3 3 theme theca 724:728 arg1 cells 730:734 ovarian granulosa and theca cells 702:734 ovarian granulosa and theca cells 702:734 Here we describe the in vivo performance of 3D bioengineered ovarian constructs that recapitulate native cell-cell interactions between ovarian granulosa and theca cells as an approach to cHRT. 29208899 2 4 theme alternative 330:340 arg1 approach 342:349 an alternative approach 327:349 an alternative approach that may allow certain physiological outcomes to be achieved with lower circulating hormone levels than pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop 327:563 Cell-based HRT (cHRT) is an alternative approach that may allow certain physiological outcomes to be achieved with lower circulating hormone levels than pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop. 29208899 2 4 theme alternative 330:340 arg1 HRT 313:315 Cell-based HRT 302:315 Cell-based HRT (cHRT) 302:322 Cell-based HRT (cHRT) is an alternative approach that may allow certain physiological outcomes to be achieved with lower circulating hormone levels than pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop. 29208899 1 5 theme patients 246:253 arg1 populations 209:219 the growing populations 197:219 the growing populations of aged women and cancer patients undergoing treatments that ablate the ovaries 197:299 Safe clinical hormone replacement (HR) will likely become increasingly important in the growing populations of aged women and cancer patients undergoing treatments that ablate the ovaries. 29208899 0 6 theme ovarian 96:102 arg1 failure 104:110 ovarian failure 96:110 ovarian failure 96:110 In vivo transplantation of 3D encapsulated ovarian constructs in rats corrects abnormalities of ovarian failure. 29208899 3 7 theme cell-cell 671:679 arg1 interactions 681:692 native cell-cell interactions 664:692 native cell-cell interactions between ovarian granulosa and theca cells 664:734 Here we describe the in vivo performance of 3D bioengineered ovarian constructs that recapitulate native cell-cell interactions between ovarian granulosa and theca cells as an approach to cHRT. 29208899 3 7 theme cell-cell 671:679 arg1 approach 742:749 an approach 739:749 an approach to cHRT 739:757 Here we describe the in vivo performance of 3D bioengineered ovarian constructs that recapitulate native cell-cell interactions between ovarian granulosa and theca cells as an approach to cHRT. 29208899 6 8 theme body 1156:1159 arg1 composition 1161:1171 body composition 1156:1171 body composition 1156:1171 Further, we show these constructs with isogeneic cells to be effective in ameliorating adverse effects of hormone deficiency, including bone health, uterine health, and body composition in this rat model. 29208899 2 9 theme hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary 514:541 arg1 loop 560:563 the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop 510:563 the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop 510:563 Cell-based HRT (cHRT) is an alternative approach that may allow certain physiological outcomes to be achieved with lower circulating hormone levels than pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop. 29208899 5 10 from implantation 849:860 arg1 rats 886:889 ovariectomized (ovx) rats 865:889 ovariectomized (ovx) rats 865:889 Following implantation in ovariectomized (ovx) rats, the Sr++-cross-linked constructs achieve stable secretion of hormones during 90 days of study. 29208899 6 11 theme bone 1123:1126 arg1 health 1128:1133 bone health 1123:1133 bone health 1123:1133 Further, we show these constructs with isogeneic cells to be effective in ameliorating adverse effects of hormone deficiency, including bone health, uterine health, and body composition in this rat model. 29208899 6 12 theme hormone 1093:1099 arg1 deficiency 1101:1110 hormone deficiency 1093:1110 hormone deficiency 1093:1110 Further, we show these constructs with isogeneic cells to be effective in ameliorating adverse effects of hormone deficiency, including bone health, uterine health, and body composition in this rat model. 29208899 0 13 theme failure 104:110 arg1 abnormalities 79:91 abnormalities 79:91 abnormalities of ovarian failure 79:110 In vivo transplantation of 3D encapsulated ovarian constructs in rats corrects abnormalities of ovarian failure. 29208899 2 14 theme due 477:479 arg1 means 471:475 pharmacological means 455:475 pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop 455:563 Cell-based HRT (cHRT) is an alternative approach that may allow certain physiological outcomes to be achieved with lower circulating hormone levels than pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop. 29208899 0 15 theme In 0:1 arg1 transplantation 8:22 In vivo transplantation 0:22 In vivo transplantation of 3D encapsulated ovarian constructs in rats 0:68 In vivo transplantation of 3D encapsulated ovarian constructs in rats corrects abnormalities of ovarian failure. 29208899 2 16 theme physiological 374:386 arg1 outcomes 388:395 certain physiological outcomes 366:395 certain physiological outcomes 366:395 Cell-based HRT (cHRT) is an alternative approach that may allow certain physiological outcomes to be achieved with lower circulating hormone levels than pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop. 29208899 2 17 theme certain 366:372 arg1 outcomes 388:395 certain physiological outcomes 366:395 certain physiological outcomes 366:395 Cell-based HRT (cHRT) is an alternative approach that may allow certain physiological outcomes to be achieved with lower circulating hormone levels than pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop. 29208899 2 18 theme hormone 435:441 arg1 levels 443:448 lower circulating hormone levels 417:448 lower circulating hormone levels than pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop 417:563 Cell-based HRT (cHRT) is an alternative approach that may allow certain physiological outcomes to be achieved with lower circulating hormone levels than pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop. 29208899 3 19 theme in 587:588 arg1 performance 595:605 the in vivo performance 583:605 the in vivo performance of 3D bioengineered ovarian constructs that recapitulate native cell-cell interactions between ovarian granulosa and theca cells as an approach to cHRT 583:757 Here we describe the in vivo performance of 3D bioengineered ovarian constructs that recapitulate native cell-cell interactions between ovarian granulosa and theca cells as an approach to cHRT. 29208899 6 20 theme isogeneic 1026:1034 arg1 cells 1036:1040 isogeneic cells 1026:1040 isogeneic cells 1026:1040 Further, we show these constructs with isogeneic cells to be effective in ameliorating adverse effects of hormone deficiency, including bone health, uterine health, and body composition in this rat model. 29208899 5 21 theme Sr++-cross-linked 896:912 arg1 constructs 914:923 the Sr++-cross-linked constructs 892:923 the Sr++-cross-linked constructs 892:923 Following implantation in ovariectomized (ovx) rats, the Sr++-cross-linked constructs achieve stable secretion of hormones during 90 days of study. 29208899 2 22 theme circulating 423:433 arg1 levels 443:448 lower circulating hormone levels 417:448 lower circulating hormone levels than pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop 417:563 Cell-based HRT (cHRT) is an alternative approach that may allow certain physiological outcomes to be achieved with lower circulating hormone levels than pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop. 29208899 5 23 dep ovariectomized 865:878 arg1 ovx 881:883 ovx 881:883 ovx 881:883 Following implantation in ovariectomized (ovx) rats, the Sr++-cross-linked constructs achieve stable secretion of hormones during 90 days of study. 29208899 2 24 theme Cell-based 302:311 arg1 approach 342:349 an alternative approach 327:349 an alternative approach that may allow certain physiological outcomes to be achieved with lower circulating hormone levels than pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop 327:563 Cell-based HRT (cHRT) is an alternative approach that may allow certain physiological outcomes to be achieved with lower circulating hormone levels than pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop. 29208899 2 24 theme Cell-based 302:311 arg1 cHRT 318:321 cHRT 318:321 cHRT 318:321 Cell-based HRT (cHRT) is an alternative approach that may allow certain physiological outcomes to be achieved with lower circulating hormone levels than pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop. 29208899 2 24 theme Cell-based 302:311 arg1 HRT 313:315 Cell-based HRT 302:315 Cell-based HRT (cHRT) 302:322 Cell-based HRT (cHRT) is an alternative approach that may allow certain physiological outcomes to be achieved with lower circulating hormone levels than pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop. 29208899 5 25 theme ovariectomized 865:878 arg1 rats 886:889 ovariectomized (ovx) rats 865:889 ovariectomized (ovx) rats 865:889 Following implantation in ovariectomized (ovx) rats, the Sr++-cross-linked constructs achieve stable secretion of hormones during 90 days of study. 29208899 2 26 theme lower 417:421 arg1 levels 443:448 lower circulating hormone levels 417:448 lower circulating hormone levels than pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop 417:563 Cell-based HRT (cHRT) is an alternative approach that may allow certain physiological outcomes to be achieved with lower circulating hormone levels than pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop. 29208899 2 27 from participation 484:496 arg1 loop 560:563 the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop 510:563 the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop 510:563 Cell-based HRT (cHRT) is an alternative approach that may allow certain physiological outcomes to be achieved with lower circulating hormone levels than pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop. 29208899 3 28 dep in 587:588 arg1 vivo 590:593 vivo 590:593 vivo 590:593 Here we describe the in vivo performance of 3D bioengineered ovarian constructs that recapitulate native cell-cell interactions between ovarian granulosa and theca cells as an approach to cHRT. 29208899 6 29 theme adverse 1074:1080 arg1 health 1128:1133 bone health 1123:1133 bone health 1123:1133 Further, we show these constructs with isogeneic cells to be effective in ameliorating adverse effects of hormone deficiency, including bone health, uterine health, and body composition in this rat model. 29208899 6 29 theme adverse 1074:1080 arg1 health 1144:1149 uterine health 1136:1149 uterine health 1136:1149 Further, we show these constructs with isogeneic cells to be effective in ameliorating adverse effects of hormone deficiency, including bone health, uterine health, and body composition in this rat model. 29208899 6 29 theme adverse 1074:1080 arg1 effects 1082:1088 adverse effects 1074:1088 adverse effects 1074:1088 Further, we show these constructs with isogeneic cells to be effective in ameliorating adverse effects of hormone deficiency, including bone health, uterine health, and body composition in this rat model. 29208899 6 29 theme adverse 1074:1080 arg1 composition 1161:1171 body composition 1156:1171 body composition 1156:1171 Further, we show these constructs with isogeneic cells to be effective in ameliorating adverse effects of hormone deficiency, including bone health, uterine health, and body composition in this rat model. 29208899 0 30 theme encapsulated 30:41 arg1 constructs 51:60 3D encapsulated ovarian constructs 27:60 3D encapsulated ovarian constructs 27:60 In vivo transplantation of 3D encapsulated ovarian constructs in rats corrects abnormalities of ovarian failure. 29208899 5 31 theme hormones 953:960 arg1 secretion 940:948 stable secretion 933:948 stable secretion of hormones 933:960 Following implantation in ovariectomized (ovx) rats, the Sr++-cross-linked constructs achieve stable secretion of hormones during 90 days of study. 29208899 1 32 theme growing 201:207 arg1 populations 209:219 the growing populations 197:219 the growing populations of aged women and cancer patients undergoing treatments that ablate the ovaries 197:299 Safe clinical hormone replacement (HR) will likely become increasingly important in the growing populations of aged women and cancer patients undergoing treatments that ablate the ovaries. 29208899 0 33 theme 3D 27:28 arg1 constructs 51:60 3D encapsulated ovarian constructs 27:60 3D encapsulated ovarian constructs 27:60 In vivo transplantation of 3D encapsulated ovarian constructs in rats corrects abnormalities of ovarian failure. 29208899 2 34 theme control 552:558 arg1 loop 560:563 the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop 510:563 the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop 510:563 Cell-based HRT (cHRT) is an alternative approach that may allow certain physiological outcomes to be achieved with lower circulating hormone levels than pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop. 29208899 3 35 theme 3D 610:611 arg1 constructs 635:644 3D bioengineered ovarian constructs 610:644 3D bioengineered ovarian constructs that recapitulate native cell-cell interactions between ovarian granulosa and theca cells as an approach to cHRT 610:757 Here we describe the in vivo performance of 3D bioengineered ovarian constructs that recapitulate native cell-cell interactions between ovarian granulosa and theca cells as an approach to cHRT. 29208899 0 36 theme constructs 51:60 arg1 transplantation 8:22 In vivo transplantation 0:22 In vivo transplantation of 3D encapsulated ovarian constructs in rats 0:68 In vivo transplantation of 3D encapsulated ovarian constructs in rats corrects abnormalities of ovarian failure. 29208899 2 37 theme feedback 543:550 arg1 loop 560:563 the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop 510:563 the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop 510:563 Cell-based HRT (cHRT) is an alternative approach that may allow certain physiological outcomes to be achieved with lower circulating hormone levels than pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop. 29208899 3 38 theme native 664:669 arg1 interactions 681:692 native cell-cell interactions 664:692 native cell-cell interactions between ovarian granulosa and theca cells 664:734 Here we describe the in vivo performance of 3D bioengineered ovarian constructs that recapitulate native cell-cell interactions between ovarian granulosa and theca cells as an approach to cHRT. 29208899 3 38 theme native 664:669 arg1 approach 742:749 an approach 739:749 an approach to cHRT 739:757 Here we describe the in vivo performance of 3D bioengineered ovarian constructs that recapitulate native cell-cell interactions between ovarian granulosa and theca cells as an approach to cHRT. 29208899 1 39 from populations 209:219 arg1 important 184:192 important 184:192 important 184:192 Safe clinical hormone replacement (HR) will likely become increasingly important in the growing populations of aged women and cancer patients undergoing treatments that ablate the ovaries. 29208899 1 40 theme Safe 113:116 arg1 HR 148:149 HR 148:149 HR 148:149 Safe clinical hormone replacement (HR) will likely become increasingly important in the growing populations of aged women and cancer patients undergoing treatments that ablate the ovaries. 29208899 1 40 theme Safe 113:116 arg1 replacement 135:145 Safe clinical hormone replacement 113:145 Safe clinical hormone replacement (HR) 113:150 Safe clinical hormone replacement (HR) will likely become increasingly important in the growing populations of aged women and cancer patients undergoing treatments that ablate the ovaries. 29208899 0 41 theme ovarian 43:49 arg1 constructs 51:60 3D encapsulated ovarian constructs 27:60 3D encapsulated ovarian constructs 27:60 In vivo transplantation of 3D encapsulated ovarian constructs in rats corrects abnormalities of ovarian failure. 29208899 3 42 theme granulosa 710:718 arg1 cells 730:734 ovarian granulosa and theca cells 702:734 ovarian granulosa and theca cells 702:734 Here we describe the in vivo performance of 3D bioengineered ovarian constructs that recapitulate native cell-cell interactions between ovarian granulosa and theca cells as an approach to cHRT. 29208899 5 43 link Sr++-cross-linked 896:912 arg1 constructs 914:923 the Sr++-cross-linked constructs 892:923 the Sr++-cross-linked constructs 892:923 Following implantation in ovariectomized (ovx) rats, the Sr++-cross-linked constructs achieve stable secretion of hormones during 90 days of study. 29208899 1 44 theme clinical 118:125 arg1 HR 148:149 HR 148:149 HR 148:149 Safe clinical hormone replacement (HR) will likely become increasingly important in the growing populations of aged women and cancer patients undergoing treatments that ablate the ovaries. 29208899 1 44 theme clinical 118:125 arg1 replacement 135:145 Safe clinical hormone replacement 113:145 Safe clinical hormone replacement (HR) 113:150 Safe clinical hormone replacement (HR) will likely become increasingly important in the growing populations of aged women and cancer patients undergoing treatments that ablate the ovaries. 29208899 3 45 theme ovarian 627:633 arg1 constructs 635:644 3D bioengineered ovarian constructs 610:644 3D bioengineered ovarian constructs that recapitulate native cell-cell interactions between ovarian granulosa and theca cells as an approach to cHRT 610:757 Here we describe the in vivo performance of 3D bioengineered ovarian constructs that recapitulate native cell-cell interactions between ovarian granulosa and theca cells as an approach to cHRT. 29208899 6 46 with constructs 1010:1019 arg1 cells 1036:1040 isogeneic cells 1026:1040 isogeneic cells 1026:1040 Further, we show these constructs with isogeneic cells to be effective in ameliorating adverse effects of hormone deficiency, including bone health, uterine health, and body composition in this rat model. 29208899 3 47 theme constructs 635:644 arg1 performance 595:605 the in vivo performance 583:605 the in vivo performance of 3D bioengineered ovarian constructs that recapitulate native cell-cell interactions between ovarian granulosa and theca cells as an approach to cHRT 583:757 Here we describe the in vivo performance of 3D bioengineered ovarian constructs that recapitulate native cell-cell interactions between ovarian granulosa and theca cells as an approach to cHRT. 29208899 1 48 theme hormone 127:133 arg1 HR 148:149 HR 148:149 HR 148:149 Safe clinical hormone replacement (HR) will likely become increasingly important in the growing populations of aged women and cancer patients undergoing treatments that ablate the ovaries. 29208899 1 48 theme hormone 127:133 arg1 replacement 135:145 Safe clinical hormone replacement 113:145 Safe clinical hormone replacement (HR) 113:150 Safe clinical hormone replacement (HR) will likely become increasingly important in the growing populations of aged women and cancer patients undergoing treatments that ablate the ovaries. 29208899 5 49 theme study 980:984 arg1 days 972:975 90 days 969:975 90 days of study 969:984 Following implantation in ovariectomized (ovx) rats, the Sr++-cross-linked constructs achieve stable secretion of hormones during 90 days of study. 29208899 6 50 theme rat 1181:1183 arg1 model 1185:1189 this rat model 1176:1189 this rat model 1176:1189 Further, we show these constructs with isogeneic cells to be effective in ameliorating adverse effects of hormone deficiency, including bone health, uterine health, and body composition in this rat model. 29208899 6 51 theme uterine 1136:1142 arg1 health 1144:1149 uterine health 1136:1149 uterine health 1136:1149 Further, we show these constructs with isogeneic cells to be effective in ameliorating adverse effects of hormone deficiency, including bone health, uterine health, and body composition in this rat model. 29208899 1 52 theme aged 224:227 arg1 women 229:233 aged women 224:233 aged women 224:233 Safe clinical hormone replacement (HR) will likely become increasingly important in the growing populations of aged women and cancer patients undergoing treatments that ablate the ovaries. 29208899 2 53 theme cells 501:505 arg1 participation 484:496 participation 484:496 participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop 484:563 Cell-based HRT (cHRT) is an alternative approach that may allow certain physiological outcomes to be achieved with lower circulating hormone levels than pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop. 29208899 3 54 theme ovarian 702:708 arg1 cells 730:734 ovarian granulosa and theca cells 702:734 ovarian granulosa and theca cells 702:734 Here we describe the in vivo performance of 3D bioengineered ovarian constructs that recapitulate native cell-cell interactions between ovarian granulosa and theca cells as an approach to cHRT. 29208899 3 55 theme bioengineered 613:625 arg1 constructs 635:644 3D bioengineered ovarian constructs 610:644 3D bioengineered ovarian constructs that recapitulate native cell-cell interactions between ovarian granulosa and theca cells as an approach to cHRT 610:757 Here we describe the in vivo performance of 3D bioengineered ovarian constructs that recapitulate native cell-cell interactions between ovarian granulosa and theca cells as an approach to cHRT. 29208899 1 56 from important 184:192 arg1 populations 209:219 the growing populations 197:219 the growing populations of aged women and cancer patients undergoing treatments that ablate the ovaries 197:299 Safe clinical hormone replacement (HR) will likely become increasingly important in the growing populations of aged women and cancer patients undergoing treatments that ablate the ovaries. 29208899 6 57 theme deficiency 1101:1110 arg1 health 1128:1133 bone health 1123:1133 bone health 1123:1133 Further, we show these constructs with isogeneic cells to be effective in ameliorating adverse effects of hormone deficiency, including bone health, uterine health, and body composition in this rat model. 29208899 6 57 theme deficiency 1101:1110 arg1 health 1144:1149 uterine health 1136:1149 uterine health 1136:1149 Further, we show these constructs with isogeneic cells to be effective in ameliorating adverse effects of hormone deficiency, including bone health, uterine health, and body composition in this rat model. 29208899 6 57 theme deficiency 1101:1110 arg1 effects 1082:1088 adverse effects 1074:1088 adverse effects 1074:1088 Further, we show these constructs with isogeneic cells to be effective in ameliorating adverse effects of hormone deficiency, including bone health, uterine health, and body composition in this rat model. 29208899 6 57 theme deficiency 1101:1110 arg1 composition 1161:1171 body composition 1156:1171 body composition 1156:1171 Further, we show these constructs with isogeneic cells to be effective in ameliorating adverse effects of hormone deficiency, including bone health, uterine health, and body composition in this rat model. 29208899 1 58 theme women 229:233 arg1 populations 209:219 the growing populations 197:219 the growing populations of aged women and cancer patients undergoing treatments that ablate the ovaries 197:299 Safe clinical hormone replacement (HR) will likely become increasingly important in the growing populations of aged women and cancer patients undergoing treatments that ablate the ovaries. 29208899 2 59 theme pharmacological 455:469 arg1 means 471:475 pharmacological means 455:475 pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop 455:563 Cell-based HRT (cHRT) is an alternative approach that may allow certain physiological outcomes to be achieved with lower circulating hormone levels than pharmacological means due to participation of cells in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary feedback control loop. 29208899 0 60 dep In 0:1 arg1 vivo 3:6 vivo 3:6 vivo 3:6 In vivo transplantation of 3D encapsulated ovarian constructs in rats corrects abnormalities of ovarian failure. 29068277 13 0 theme major 1454:1458 arg1 anteiso-C15  1486:1497 anteiso-C15  1486:1497 anteiso-C15  1486:1497 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0, and C16 : 0. 29068277 13 0 theme major 1454:1458 arg1 acids 1475:1479 The major cellular fatty acids 1450:1479 The major cellular fatty acids 1450:1479 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0, and C16 : 0. 29068277 12 1 theme polar 1436:1440 arg1 lipids 1442:1447 two unidentified polar lipids 1419:1447 two unidentified polar lipids 1419:1447 The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid, and two unidentified polar lipids. 29068277 12 2 theme unidentified 1390:1401 arg1 glycolipid 1403:1412 one unidentified glycolipid 1386:1412 one unidentified glycolipid 1386:1412 The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid, and two unidentified polar lipids. 29068277 4 3 theme macquariensis 366:378 arg1 2T 384:385 macquariensis DSM 2T 366:385 macquariensis DSM 2T (98.1 %) 366:394 macquariensis DSM 2T (98.1 %) and Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp. 29068277 4 3 theme macquariensis 366:378 arg1 % 393:393 98.1 % 388:393 98.1 % 388:393 macquariensis DSM 2T (98.1 %) and Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp. 29068277 6 4 theme genome 554:559 arg1 sequence 561:568 its genome sequence 550:568 its genome sequence 550:568 To establish the genomic relatedness of this isolate to its phylogenetic neighbours, its genome sequence and those of Paenibacillus antarcticus CECT 5836T, P. macquariensis subsp. 29068277 8 5 theme JCM 700:702 arg1 14954T 704:709 defensor JCM 14954T 691:709 defensor JCM 14954T 691:709 defensor JCM 14954T, and Paenibacillus glacialis DSM 22343T were determined. 29068277 16 6 theme 18694T=JCM 1859:1868 arg1 31183T 1870:1875 =KACC 18694T=JCM 31183T 1853:1875 =KACC 18694T=JCM 31183T 1853:1875 nov. is proposed, the type strain of which is LPB0068T (=KACC 18694T=JCM 31183T). 29068277 16 6 theme 18694T=JCM 1859:1868 arg1 LPB0068T 1843:1850 LPB0068T 1843:1850 LPB0068T (=KACC 18694T=JCM 31183T) 1843:1876 nov. is proposed, the type strain of which is LPB0068T (=KACC 18694T=JCM 31183T). 29068277 12 7 theme unidentified 1359:1370 arg1 phospholipid 1372:1383 one unidentified phospholipid 1355:1383 one unidentified phospholipid 1355:1383 The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid, and two unidentified polar lipids. 29068277 2 8 theme Gram-stain-positive 91:109 arg1 bacterium 151:159 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium 89:159 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium 89:159 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated LPB0068T, was isolated from a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in Korea. 29068277 10 9 theme strain 994:999 arg1 LPB0068T 1001:1008 strain LPB0068T 994:1008 strain LPB0068T 994:1008 The genome of strain LPB0068T consists of one chromosome and three circular plasmids, and had a DNA G+C content of 40.0 mol%. 29068277 2 10 theme Crassostrea 219:229 arg1 oyster 211:216 a Pacific oyster 201:216 a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) 201:236 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated LPB0068T, was isolated from a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in Korea. 29068277 2 10 theme Crassostrea 219:229 arg1 gigas 231:235 Crassostrea gigas 219:235 Crassostrea gigas 219:235 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated LPB0068T, was isolated from a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in Korea. 29068277 6 11 theme phylogenetic 525:536 arg1 neighbours 538:547 its phylogenetic neighbours 521:547 its phylogenetic neighbours 521:547 To establish the genomic relatedness of this isolate to its phylogenetic neighbours, its genome sequence and those of Paenibacillus antarcticus CECT 5836T, P. macquariensis subsp. 29068277 8 12 theme Paenibacillus 716:728 arg1 22343T 744:749 Paenibacillus glacialis DSM 22343T 716:749 Paenibacillus glacialis DSM 22343T 716:749 defensor JCM 14954T, and Paenibacillus glacialis DSM 22343T were determined. 29068277 14 13 theme phenotypic 1561:1570 arg1 characteristics 1572:1586 genomic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic characteristics 1534:1586 genomic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic characteristics 1534:1586 Based on genomic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic characteristics, this strain was clearly distinguished from other Paenibacillus species with validly published names and should therefore be classified as a novel species of the genus. 29068277 6 14 theme P. 621:622 arg1 subsp 638:642 P. macquariensis subsp 621:642 P. macquariensis subsp 621:642 To establish the genomic relatedness of this isolate to its phylogenetic neighbours, its genome sequence and those of Paenibacillus antarcticus CECT 5836T, P. macquariensis subsp. 29068277 6 14 theme P. 621:622 arg1 5836T 614:618 5836T 614:618 5836T 614:618 To establish the genomic relatedness of this isolate to its phylogenetic neighbours, its genome sequence and those of Paenibacillus antarcticus CECT 5836T, P. macquariensis subsp. 29068277 8 15 theme DSM 740:742 arg1 22343T 744:749 Paenibacillus glacialis DSM 22343T 716:749 Paenibacillus glacialis DSM 22343T 716:749 defensor JCM 14954T, and Paenibacillus glacialis DSM 22343T were determined. 29068277 15 16 theme Paenibacillus 1766:1778 arg1 sp 1793:1794 The name Paenibacillus crassostreae sp 1757:1794 The name Paenibacillus crassostreae sp 1757:1794 The name Paenibacillus crassostreae sp. 29068277 3 17 theme gene 301:304 arg1 similarity 315:324 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 280:324 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 280:324 This isolate was found to share the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp. 29068277 4 18 theme Paenibacillus 400:412 arg1 subsp 428:432 Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp 400:432 Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp 400:432 macquariensis DSM 2T (98.1 %) and Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp. 29068277 13 19 dep anteiso-C15  1486:1497 arg1  0 1499:1500  0 1499:1500  0 1499:1500 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0, and C16 : 0. 29068277 13 19 dep anteiso-C15  1486:1497 arg1 C16  1516:1519 C16  1516:1519 C16  1516:1519 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0, and C16 : 0. 29068277 13 19 dep anteiso-C15  1486:1497 arg1 C14  1503:1506 C14  1503:1506 C14  1503:1506 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0, and C16 : 0. 29068277 11 20 from acid 1181:1184 arg1 peptidoglycan 1203:1215 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1189:1215 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1189:1215 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 29068277 16 21 theme type 1819:1822 arg1 strain 1824:1829 the type strain 1815:1829 the type strain 1815:1829 nov. is proposed, the type strain of which is LPB0068T (=KACC 18694T=JCM 31183T). 29068277 16 21 theme type 1819:1822 arg1 LPB0068T 1843:1850 LPB0068T 1843:1850 LPB0068T (=KACC 18694T=JCM 31183T) 1843:1876 nov. is proposed, the type strain of which is LPB0068T (=KACC 18694T=JCM 31183T). 29068277 7 22 dep macquariensis 670:682 arg1 P. 667:668 P. 667:668 P. 667:668 macquariensis DSM 2T, P. macquariensis subsp. 29068277 3 23 theme 16S 292:294 arg1 similarity 315:324 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 280:324 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 280:324 This isolate was found to share the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp. 29068277 9 24 theme average 776:782 arg1 identity 795:802 low average nucleotide identity 772:802 low average nucleotide identity 772:802 The low average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values exhibited by LPB0068T in relation to the other strains in this analysis revealed that it is distinct from other Paenibacillus species. 29068277 10 25 theme circular 1047:1054 arg1 plasmids 1056:1063 three circular plasmids 1041:1063 three circular plasmids 1041:1063 The genome of strain LPB0068T consists of one chromosome and three circular plasmids, and had a DNA G+C content of 40.0 mol%. 29068277 4 26 theme macquariensis 414:426 arg1 subsp 428:432 Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp 400:432 Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp 400:432 macquariensis DSM 2T (98.1 %) and Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp. 29068277 3 27 theme Paenibacillus 331:343 arg1 subsp 359:363 Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp 331:363 Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp 331:363 This isolate was found to share the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp. 29068277 9 28 theme identity 795:802 arg1 values 838:843 The low average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values 768:843 The low average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values exhibited by LPB0068T in relation to the other strains in this analysis 768:915 The low average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values exhibited by LPB0068T in relation to the other strains in this analysis revealed that it is distinct from other Paenibacillus species. 29068277 10 29 theme DNA 1076:1078 arg1 G+C content 1080:1090 a DNA G+C content 1074:1090 a DNA G+C content of 40.0 mol% 1074:1103 The genome of strain LPB0068T consists of one chromosome and three circular plasmids, and had a DNA G+C content of 40.0 mol%. 29068277 1 30 theme Pacific 55:61 arg1 gigas 82:86 the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas 51:86 the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas 51:86 nov., isolated from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. 29068277 9 31 theme digital 808:814 arg1 hybridization 824:836 digital DNA-DNA hybridization 808:836 digital DNA-DNA hybridization 808:836 The low average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values exhibited by LPB0068T in relation to the other strains in this analysis revealed that it is distinct from other Paenibacillus species. 29068277 1 32 theme Crassostrea 70:80 arg1 gigas 82:86 the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas 51:86 the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas 51:86 nov., isolated from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. 29068277 9 33 theme Paenibacillus 957:969 arg1 species 971:977 other Paenibacillus species 951:977 other Paenibacillus species 951:977 The low average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values exhibited by LPB0068T in relation to the other strains in this analysis revealed that it is distinct from other Paenibacillus species. 29068277 9 34 theme hybridization 824:836 arg1 values 838:843 The low average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values 768:843 The low average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values exhibited by LPB0068T in relation to the other strains in this analysis 768:915 The low average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values exhibited by LPB0068T in relation to the other strains in this analysis revealed that it is distinct from other Paenibacillus species. 29068277 0 35 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 27:28 Paenibacillus crassostreae sp 0:28 Paenibacillus crassostreae sp. 0:29 Paenibacillus crassostreae sp. 29068277 10 36 theme % 1103:1103 arg1 G+C content 1080:1090 a DNA G+C content 1074:1090 a DNA G+C content of 40.0 mol% 1074:1103 The genome of strain LPB0068T consists of one chromosome and three circular plasmids, and had a DNA G+C content of 40.0 mol%. 29068277 11 37 theme cell-wall 1193:1201 arg1 peptidoglycan 1203:1215 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1189:1215 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1189:1215 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 29068277 10 38 contain had 1070:1072 arg2 G+C content 1080:1090 a DNA G+C content 1074:1090 a DNA G+C content of 40.0 mol% 1074:1103 The genome of strain LPB0068T consists of one chromosome and three circular plasmids, and had a DNA G+C content of 40.0 mol%. 29068277 10 38 contain had 1070:1072 arg1 genome 984:989 The genome 980:989 The genome of strain LPB0068T 980:1008 The genome of strain LPB0068T consists of one chromosome and three circular plasmids, and had a DNA G+C content of 40.0 mol%. 29068277 11 39 theme diagnostic 1162:1171 arg1 acid 1241:1244 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1221:1244 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1221:1244 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 29068277 11 39 theme diagnostic 1162:1171 arg1 acid 1181:1184 the diagnostic diamino acid 1158:1184 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1158:1215 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 29068277 9 40 from species 971:977 arg1 distinct 937:944 distinct 937:944 distinct 937:944 The low average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values exhibited by LPB0068T in relation to the other strains in this analysis revealed that it is distinct from other Paenibacillus species. 29068277 12 41 theme polar 1257:1261 arg1 lipids 1263:1268 The major polar lipids 1247:1268 The major polar lipids 1247:1268 The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid, and two unidentified polar lipids. 29068277 13 42 theme cellular 1460:1467 arg1 anteiso-C15  1486:1497 anteiso-C15  1486:1497 anteiso-C15  1486:1497 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0, and C16 : 0. 29068277 13 42 theme cellular 1460:1467 arg1 acids 1475:1479 The major cellular fatty acids 1450:1479 The major cellular fatty acids 1450:1479 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0, and C16 : 0. 29068277 7 43 dep subsp 684:688 arg1 macquariensis 670:682 macquariensis 670:682 macquariensis 670:682 macquariensis DSM 2T, P. macquariensis subsp. 29068277 14 44 theme genus 1750:1754 arg1 strain 1594:1599 this strain 1589:1599 this strain 1589:1599 Based on genomic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic characteristics, this strain was clearly distinguished from other Paenibacillus species with validly published names and should therefore be classified as a novel species of the genus. 29068277 14 44 theme genus 1750:1754 arg1 species 1735:1741 a novel species 1727:1741 a novel species of the genus 1727:1754 Based on genomic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic characteristics, this strain was clearly distinguished from other Paenibacillus species with validly published names and should therefore be classified as a novel species of the genus. 29068277 11 45 theme respiratory 1116:1126 arg1 menaquinone-7 1140:1152 menaquinone-7 1140:1152 menaquinone-7 1140:1152 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 29068277 11 45 theme respiratory 1116:1126 arg1 quinone 1128:1134 The major respiratory quinone 1106:1134 The major respiratory quinone 1106:1134 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 29068277 5 46 theme JCM 444:446 arg1 14954T 448:453 defensor JCM 14954T 435:453 defensor JCM 14954T (98.0 %) 435:462 defensor JCM 14954T (98.0 %). 29068277 5 46 theme JCM 444:446 arg1 % 461:461 98.0 % 456:461 98.0 % 456:461 defensor JCM 14954T (98.0 %). 29068277 6 47 theme isolate 510:516 arg1 relatedness 490:500 the genomic relatedness 478:500 the genomic relatedness of this isolate to its phylogenetic neighbours 478:547 To establish the genomic relatedness of this isolate to its phylogenetic neighbours, its genome sequence and those of Paenibacillus antarcticus CECT 5836T, P. macquariensis subsp. 29068277 14 48 theme novel 1729:1733 arg1 strain 1594:1599 this strain 1589:1599 this strain 1589:1599 Based on genomic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic characteristics, this strain was clearly distinguished from other Paenibacillus species with validly published names and should therefore be classified as a novel species of the genus. 29068277 14 48 theme novel 1729:1733 arg1 species 1735:1741 a novel species 1727:1741 a novel species of the genus 1727:1754 Based on genomic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic characteristics, this strain was clearly distinguished from other Paenibacillus species with validly published names and should therefore be classified as a novel species of the genus. 29068277 6 49 theme genomic 482:488 arg1 relatedness 490:500 the genomic relatedness 478:500 the genomic relatedness of this isolate to its phylogenetic neighbours 478:547 To establish the genomic relatedness of this isolate to its phylogenetic neighbours, its genome sequence and those of Paenibacillus antarcticus CECT 5836T, P. macquariensis subsp. 29068277 12 50 theme unidentified 1423:1434 arg1 lipids 1442:1447 two unidentified polar lipids 1419:1447 two unidentified polar lipids 1419:1447 The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid, and two unidentified polar lipids. 29068277 16 51 theme =KACC 1853:1857 arg1 31183T 1870:1875 =KACC 18694T=JCM 31183T 1853:1875 =KACC 18694T=JCM 31183T 1853:1875 nov. is proposed, the type strain of which is LPB0068T (=KACC 18694T=JCM 31183T). 29068277 16 51 theme =KACC 1853:1857 arg1 LPB0068T 1843:1850 LPB0068T 1843:1850 LPB0068T (=KACC 18694T=JCM 31183T) 1843:1876 nov. is proposed, the type strain of which is LPB0068T (=KACC 18694T=JCM 31183T). 29068277 14 52 theme other 1632:1636 arg1 species 1652:1658 other Paenibacillus species 1632:1658 other Paenibacillus species with validly published names 1632:1687 Based on genomic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic characteristics, this strain was clearly distinguished from other Paenibacillus species with validly published names and should therefore be classified as a novel species of the genus. 29068277 4 53 theme DSM 380:382 arg1 2T 384:385 macquariensis DSM 2T 366:385 macquariensis DSM 2T (98.1 %) 366:394 macquariensis DSM 2T (98.1 %) and Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp. 29068277 4 53 theme DSM 380:382 arg1 % 393:393 98.1 % 388:393 98.1 % 388:393 macquariensis DSM 2T (98.1 %) and Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp. 29068277 9 54 theme other 951:955 arg1 species 971:977 other Paenibacillus species 951:977 other Paenibacillus species 951:977 The low average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values exhibited by LPB0068T in relation to the other strains in this analysis revealed that it is distinct from other Paenibacillus species. 29068277 8 55 theme defensor 691:698 arg1 14954T 704:709 defensor JCM 14954T 691:709 defensor JCM 14954T 691:709 defensor JCM 14954T, and Paenibacillus glacialis DSM 22343T were determined. 29068277 10 56 theme LPB0068T 1001:1008 arg1 genome 984:989 The genome 980:989 The genome of strain LPB0068T 980:1008 The genome of strain LPB0068T consists of one chromosome and three circular plasmids, and had a DNA G+C content of 40.0 mol%. 29068277 3 57 theme highest 284:290 arg1 similarity 315:324 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 280:324 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 280:324 This isolate was found to share the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp. 29068277 6 58 theme macquariensis 624:636 arg1 subsp 638:642 P. macquariensis subsp 621:642 P. macquariensis subsp 621:642 To establish the genomic relatedness of this isolate to its phylogenetic neighbours, its genome sequence and those of Paenibacillus antarcticus CECT 5836T, P. macquariensis subsp. 29068277 6 58 theme macquariensis 624:636 arg1 5836T 614:618 5836T 614:618 5836T 614:618 To establish the genomic relatedness of this isolate to its phylogenetic neighbours, its genome sequence and those of Paenibacillus antarcticus CECT 5836T, P. macquariensis subsp. 29068277 14 59 theme published 1673:1681 arg1 names 1683:1687 validly published names 1665:1687 validly published names 1665:1687 Based on genomic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic characteristics, this strain was clearly distinguished from other Paenibacillus species with validly published names and should therefore be classified as a novel species of the genus. 29068277 9 60 from strains 892:898 arg1 analysis 908:915 this analysis 903:915 this analysis 903:915 The low average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values exhibited by LPB0068T in relation to the other strains in this analysis revealed that it is distinct from other Paenibacillus species. 29068277 8 61 theme glacialis 730:738 arg1 22343T 744:749 Paenibacillus glacialis DSM 22343T 716:749 Paenibacillus glacialis DSM 22343T 716:749 defensor JCM 14954T, and Paenibacillus glacialis DSM 22343T were determined. 29068277 3 62 theme sequence 306:313 arg1 similarity 315:324 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 280:324 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 280:324 This isolate was found to share the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp. 29068277 9 63 theme low 772:774 arg1 identity 795:802 low average nucleotide identity 772:802 low average nucleotide identity 772:802 The low average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values exhibited by LPB0068T in relation to the other strains in this analysis revealed that it is distinct from other Paenibacillus species. 29068277 14 64 theme phylogenetic 1543:1554 arg1 characteristics 1572:1586 genomic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic characteristics 1534:1586 genomic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic characteristics 1534:1586 Based on genomic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic characteristics, this strain was clearly distinguished from other Paenibacillus species with validly published names and should therefore be classified as a novel species of the genus. 29068277 14 65 theme Paenibacillus 1638:1650 arg1 species 1652:1658 other Paenibacillus species 1632:1658 other Paenibacillus species with validly published names 1632:1687 Based on genomic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic characteristics, this strain was clearly distinguished from other Paenibacillus species with validly published names and should therefore be classified as a novel species of the genus. 29068277 9 66 theme other 886:890 arg1 strains 892:898 the other strains 882:898 the other strains in this analysis 882:915 The low average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values exhibited by LPB0068T in relation to the other strains in this analysis revealed that it is distinct from other Paenibacillus species. 29068277 16 67 theme which 1834:1838 arg1 strain 1824:1829 the type strain 1815:1829 the type strain 1815:1829 nov. is proposed, the type strain of which is LPB0068T (=KACC 18694T=JCM 31183T). 29068277 16 67 theme which 1834:1838 arg1 LPB0068T 1843:1850 LPB0068T 1843:1850 LPB0068T (=KACC 18694T=JCM 31183T) 1843:1876 nov. is proposed, the type strain of which is LPB0068T (=KACC 18694T=JCM 31183T). 29068277 3 68 theme rRNA 296:299 arg1 similarity 315:324 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 280:324 the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 280:324 This isolate was found to share the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp. 29068277 2 69 dep Gram-stain-positive 91:109 arg1 aerobic 143:149 aerobic 143:149 aerobic 143:149 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated LPB0068T, was isolated from a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in Korea. 29068277 2 69 dep Gram-stain-positive 91:109 arg1 rod-shaped 131:140 rod-shaped 131:140 rod-shaped 131:140 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated LPB0068T, was isolated from a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in Korea. 29068277 2 69 dep Gram-stain-positive 91:109 arg1 endospore-forming 112:128 endospore-forming 112:128 endospore-forming 112:128 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated LPB0068T, was isolated from a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in Korea. 29068277 9 70 theme nucleotide 784:793 arg1 identity 795:802 low average nucleotide identity 772:802 low average nucleotide identity 772:802 The low average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values exhibited by LPB0068T in relation to the other strains in this analysis revealed that it is distinct from other Paenibacillus species. 29068277 14 71 theme genomic 1534:1540 arg1 characteristics 1572:1586 genomic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic characteristics 1534:1586 genomic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic characteristics 1534:1586 Based on genomic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic characteristics, this strain was clearly distinguished from other Paenibacillus species with validly published names and should therefore be classified as a novel species of the genus. 29068277 6 72 theme Paenibacillus 583:595 arg1 antarcticus 597:607 Paenibacillus antarcticus 583:607 Paenibacillus antarcticus 583:607 To establish the genomic relatedness of this isolate to its phylogenetic neighbours, its genome sequence and those of Paenibacillus antarcticus CECT 5836T, P. macquariensis subsp. 29068277 3 73 theme macquariensis 345:357 arg1 subsp 359:363 Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp 331:363 Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp 331:363 This isolate was found to share the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp. 29068277 1 74 theme oyster 63:68 arg1 gigas 82:86 the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas 51:86 the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas 51:86 nov., isolated from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. 29068277 9 75 theme DNA-DNA 816:822 arg1 hybridization 824:836 digital DNA-DNA hybridization 808:836 digital DNA-DNA hybridization 808:836 The low average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values exhibited by LPB0068T in relation to the other strains in this analysis revealed that it is distinct from other Paenibacillus species. 29068277 15 76 theme crassostreae 1780:1791 arg1 sp 1793:1794 The name Paenibacillus crassostreae sp 1757:1794 The name Paenibacillus crassostreae sp 1757:1794 The name Paenibacillus crassostreae sp. 29068277 0 77 theme crassostreae 14:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Paenibacillus crassostreae sp 0:28 Paenibacillus crassostreae sp. 0:29 Paenibacillus crassostreae sp. 29068277 11 78 theme diamino 1173:1179 arg1 acid 1241:1244 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1221:1244 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1221:1244 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 29068277 11 78 theme diamino 1173:1179 arg1 acid 1181:1184 the diagnostic diamino acid 1158:1184 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1158:1215 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 29068277 2 79 attach isolated 187:194 arg1 oyster 211:216 a Pacific oyster 201:216 a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) 201:236 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated LPB0068T, was isolated from a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in Korea. 29068277 2 79 attach isolated 187:194 arg2 bacterium 151:159 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium 89:159 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium 89:159 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated LPB0068T, was isolated from a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in Korea. 29068277 2 79 attach isolated 187:194 arg1 gigas 231:235 Crassostrea gigas 219:235 Crassostrea gigas 219:235 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated LPB0068T, was isolated from a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in Korea. 29068277 15 80 theme name 1761:1764 arg1 sp 1793:1794 The name Paenibacillus crassostreae sp 1757:1794 The name Paenibacillus crassostreae sp 1757:1794 The name Paenibacillus crassostreae sp. 29068277 10 81 theme 40.0 mol 1095:1102 arg1 % 1103:1103 40.0 mol% 1095:1103 40.0 mol% 1095:1103 The genome of strain LPB0068T consists of one chromosome and three circular plasmids, and had a DNA G+C content of 40.0 mol%. 29068277 12 82 theme major 1251:1255 arg1 lipids 1263:1268 The major polar lipids 1247:1268 The major polar lipids 1247:1268 The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid, and two unidentified polar lipids. 29068277 14 83 with species 1652:1658 arg1 names 1683:1687 validly published names 1665:1687 validly published names 1665:1687 Based on genomic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic characteristics, this strain was clearly distinguished from other Paenibacillus species with validly published names and should therefore be classified as a novel species of the genus. 29068277 2 84 theme Pacific 203:209 arg1 oyster 211:216 a Pacific oyster 201:216 a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) 201:236 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated LPB0068T, was isolated from a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in Korea. 29068277 2 84 theme Pacific 203:209 arg1 gigas 231:235 Crassostrea gigas 219:235 Crassostrea gigas 219:235 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated LPB0068T, was isolated from a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in Korea. 29068277 13 85 theme fatty 1469:1473 arg1 anteiso-C15  1486:1497 anteiso-C15  1486:1497 anteiso-C15  1486:1497 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0, and C16 : 0. 29068277 13 85 theme fatty 1469:1473 arg1 acids 1475:1479 The major cellular fatty acids 1450:1479 The major cellular fatty acids 1450:1479 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0, and C16 : 0. 29068277 11 86 theme major 1110:1114 arg1 menaquinone-7 1140:1152 menaquinone-7 1140:1152 menaquinone-7 1140:1152 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 29068277 11 86 theme major 1110:1114 arg1 quinone 1128:1134 The major respiratory quinone 1106:1134 The major respiratory quinone 1106:1134 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 29068277 11 87 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1221:1239 arg1 acid 1241:1244 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1221:1244 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1221:1244 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 29068277 11 87 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1221:1239 arg1 acid 1181:1184 the diagnostic diamino acid 1158:1184 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1158:1215 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 29068277 5 88 theme defensor 435:442 arg1 14954T 448:453 defensor JCM 14954T 435:453 defensor JCM 14954T (98.0 %) 435:462 defensor JCM 14954T (98.0 %). 29068277 5 88 theme defensor 435:442 arg1 % 461:461 98.0 % 456:461 98.0 % 456:461 defensor JCM 14954T (98.0 %). 28036245 15 0 theme type 1787:1790 arg1 species 1792:1798 the type species 1783:1798 the type species 1783:1798 The type strain of the type species is S3Cf-2T (=DSM 100693T=CGMCC 4.7299T). 28036245 6 1 with spore 800:804 arg1 surface 820:826 a smooth surface 811:826 a smooth surface 811:826 An oval or rod-like spore with a smooth surface was borne singly at the end of substrate mycelium. 28036245 4 2 theme type 617:620 arg1 species 622:628 the type species 613:628 the type species of 30 genera 613:641 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain S3Cf-2T and the type species of 30 genera in the family Micromonosporaceae were 91.55-97.45 %. 28036245 2 3 theme endophytic 140:149 arg1 actinobacterium 151:165 A novel endophytic actinobacterium 132:165 A novel endophytic actinobacterium 132:165 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain S3Cf-2T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan Province, China. 28036245 2 4 theme National 290:297 arg1 Reserve 306:312 Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve 277:312 Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan Province, China 277:338 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain S3Cf-2T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan Province, China. 28036245 7 5 theme novel 883:887 arg1 isolate 889:895 The novel isolate 879:895 The novel isolate 879:895 The novel isolate possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, and glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and ribose as whole-cell sugars. 28036245 15 6 theme species 1792:1798 arg1 strain 1773:1778 The type strain 1764:1778 The type strain of the type species 1764:1798 The type strain of the type species is S3Cf-2T (=DSM 100693T=CGMCC 4.7299T). 28036245 15 6 theme species 1792:1798 arg1 S3Cf-2T 1803:1809 S3Cf-2T 1803:1809 S3Cf-2T (=DSM 100693T=CGMCC 4.7299T) 1803:1838 The type strain of the type species is S3Cf-2T (=DSM 100693T=CGMCC 4.7299T). 28036245 13 7 theme endophyticus 1718:1729 arg1 nov. 1736:1739 Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov. 1701:1739 the name Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov. 1692:1739 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain S3Cf-2T represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 28036245 9 8 theme unknown 1257:1263 arg1 aminolipid 1265:1274 an unknown aminolipid 1254:1274 an unknown aminolipid 1254:1274 The major polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and an unknown aminolipid, corresponding to phospholipid type PII. 28036245 5 9 theme substrate 739:747 arg1 mycelia 749:755 extensively branched substrate mycelia 718:755 extensively branched substrate mycelia 718:755 Strain S3Cf-2T formed extensively branched substrate mycelia without fragmentation. 28036245 11 10 theme cellular 1378:1385 arg1 iso-C16  1404:1411 iso-C16  1404:1411 iso-C16  1404:1411 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28036245 11 10 theme cellular 1378:1385 arg1 acids 1393:1397 The major cellular fatty acids 1368:1397 The major cellular fatty acids 1368:1397 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28036245 2 11 theme surface-sterilized 215:232 arg1 bark 234:237 a surface-sterilized bark 213:237 a surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan Province, China 213:338 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain S3Cf-2T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan Province, China. 28036245 13 12 theme new 1634:1636 arg1 genus 1638:1642 a new genus 1632:1642 a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae 1632:1679 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain S3Cf-2T represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 28036245 15 13 theme =DSM 1812:1815 arg1 4.7299T 1831:1837 =DSM 100693T=CGMCC 4.7299T 1812:1837 =DSM 100693T=CGMCC 4.7299T 1812:1837 The type strain of the type species is S3Cf-2T (=DSM 100693T=CGMCC 4.7299T). 28036245 15 13 theme =DSM 1812:1815 arg1 S3Cf-2T 1803:1809 S3Cf-2T 1803:1809 S3Cf-2T (=DSM 100693T=CGMCC 4.7299T) 1803:1838 The type strain of the type species is S3Cf-2T (=DSM 100693T=CGMCC 4.7299T). 28036245 9 14 theme type 1307:1310 arg1 PII 1312:1314 phospholipid type PII 1294:1314 phospholipid type PII 1294:1314 The major polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and an unknown aminolipid, corresponding to phospholipid type PII. 28036245 2 15 theme sexangula 252:260 arg1 bark 234:237 a surface-sterilized bark 213:237 a surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan Province, China 213:338 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain S3Cf-2T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan Province, China. 28036245 12 16 theme genomic 1490:1496 arg1 DNA 1498:1500 the genomic DNA 1486:1500 the genomic DNA 1486:1500 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.4 mol%. 28036245 3 17 theme family 442:447 arg1 Micromonosporaceae 449:466 the family Micromonosporaceae 438:466 the family Micromonosporaceae 438:466 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain S3Cf-2T fell within the family Micromonosporaceae and formed a distinct clade in the Micromonosporaceae phylogenetic tree. 28036245 13 18 dep name 1696:1699 arg1 nov. 1736:1739 Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov. 1701:1739 the name Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov. 1692:1739 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain S3Cf-2T represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 28036245 2 19 attach isolated 199:206 arg2 actinobacterium 151:165 A novel endophytic actinobacterium 132:165 A novel endophytic actinobacterium 132:165 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain S3Cf-2T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan Province, China. 28036245 2 19 attach isolated 199:206 arg1 bark 234:237 a surface-sterilized bark 213:237 a surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan Province, China 213:338 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain S3Cf-2T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan Province, China. 28036245 13 20 theme genus 1638:1642 arg1 species 1621:1627 a novel species 1613:1627 a novel species 1613:1627 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain S3Cf-2T represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 28036245 10 21 theme major 1321:1325 arg1 MK-9 1345:1348 MK-9 1345:1348 MK-9 1345:1348 The major menaquinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). 28036245 10 21 theme major 1321:1325 arg1 menaquinones 1327:1338 The major menaquinones 1317:1338 The major menaquinones 1317:1338 The major menaquinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). 28036245 0 22 theme Mangrovihabitans 0:15 arg1 sp 41:42 sp 41:42 sp 41:42 Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 28036245 0 22 theme Mangrovihabitans 0:15 arg1 nov. 35:38 Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov. 0:38 Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov. 0:38 Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 28036245 3 23 theme rRNA 376:379 arg1 sequences 386:394 16S rRNA gene sequences 372:394 16S rRNA gene sequences 372:394 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain S3Cf-2T fell within the family Micromonosporaceae and formed a distinct clade in the Micromonosporaceae phylogenetic tree. 28036245 4 24 theme similarity 568:577 arg1 values 579:584 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values 541:584 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain S3Cf-2T and the type species of 30 genera in the family Micromonosporaceae 541:674 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain S3Cf-2T and the type species of 30 genera in the family Micromonosporaceae were 91.55-97.45 %. 28036245 4 24 theme similarity 568:577 arg1 % 693:693 91.55-97.45 % 681:693 91.55-97.45 % 681:693 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain S3Cf-2T and the type species of 30 genera in the family Micromonosporaceae were 91.55-97.45 %. 28036245 0 25 theme gen. 30:33 arg1 sp 41:42 sp 41:42 sp 41:42 Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 28036245 0 25 theme gen. 30:33 arg1 nov. 35:38 Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov. 0:38 Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov. 0:38 Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 28036245 8 26 theme cell-wall 1079:1087 arg1 peptidoglycan 1089:1101 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1075:1101 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1075:1101 The acyl type of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was glycolyl and mycolic acids were absent. 28036245 1 27 theme Micromonosporaceae 78:95 arg1 member 57:62 a new member 51:62 a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae isolated from Bruguiera sexangula 51:129 nov., a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae isolated from Bruguiera sexangula. 28036245 1 27 theme Micromonosporaceae 78:95 arg1 nov. 45:48 nov. 45:48 nov. 45:48 nov., a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae isolated from Bruguiera sexangula. 28036245 4 28 theme 16S 545:547 arg1 similarity 568:577 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 545:577 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain S3Cf-2T and the type species of 30 genera in the family Micromonosporaceae 541:674 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain S3Cf-2T and the type species of 30 genera in the family Micromonosporaceae were 91.55-97.45 %. 28036245 6 29 theme mycelium 869:876 arg1 end 852:854 the end 848:854 the end of substrate mycelium 848:876 An oval or rod-like spore with a smooth surface was borne singly at the end of substrate mycelium. 28036245 13 30 dep analyses 1577:1584 arg1 basis 1524:1528 basis 1524:1528 basis 1524:1528 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain S3Cf-2T represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 28036245 13 30 dep analyses 1577:1584 arg1 the 1520:1522 the 1520:1522 the 1520:1522 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain S3Cf-2T represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 28036245 4 31 theme gene 554:557 arg1 similarity 568:577 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 545:577 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain S3Cf-2T and the type species of 30 genera in the family Micromonosporaceae 541:674 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain S3Cf-2T and the type species of 30 genera in the family Micromonosporaceae were 91.55-97.45 %. 28036245 9 32 theme major 1151:1155 arg1 lipids 1163:1168 The major polar lipids 1147:1168 The major polar lipids 1147:1168 The major polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and an unknown aminolipid, corresponding to phospholipid type PII. 28036245 13 33 dep sp 1742:1743 arg1 name 1696:1699 the name 1692:1699 the name Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov. 1692:1739 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain S3Cf-2T represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 28036245 7 34 theme diamino 939:945 arg1 acid 927:930 meso-diaminopimelic acid 907:930 meso-diaminopimelic acid 907:930 The novel isolate possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, and glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and ribose as whole-cell sugars. 28036245 7 34 theme diamino 939:945 arg1 acid 947:950 the diamino acid 935:950 the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 935:971 The novel isolate possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, and glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and ribose as whole-cell sugars. 28036245 11 35 theme fatty 1387:1391 arg1 iso-C16  1404:1411 iso-C16  1404:1411 iso-C16  1404:1411 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28036245 11 35 theme fatty 1387:1391 arg1 acids 1393:1397 The major cellular fatty acids 1368:1397 The major cellular fatty acids 1368:1397 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28036245 1 36 attach isolated 97:104 arg2 Micromonosporaceae 78:95 the family Micromonosporaceae 67:95 the family Micromonosporaceae isolated from Bruguiera sexangula 67:129 nov., a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae isolated from Bruguiera sexangula. 28036245 1 36 attach isolated 97:104 arg1 sexangula 121:129 sexangula 121:129 sexangula 121:129 nov., a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae isolated from Bruguiera sexangula. 28036245 3 37 theme phylogenetic 522:533 arg1 tree 535:538 the Micromonosporaceae phylogenetic tree 499:538 the Micromonosporaceae phylogenetic tree 499:538 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain S3Cf-2T fell within the family Micromonosporaceae and formed a distinct clade in the Micromonosporaceae phylogenetic tree. 28036245 2 38 theme Nature 299:304 arg1 Reserve 306:312 Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve 277:312 Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan Province, China 277:338 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain S3Cf-2T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan Province, China. 28036245 7 39 theme meso-diaminopimelic 907:925 arg1 acid 927:930 meso-diaminopimelic acid 907:930 meso-diaminopimelic acid 907:930 The novel isolate possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, and glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and ribose as whole-cell sugars. 28036245 7 39 theme meso-diaminopimelic 907:925 arg1 acid 947:950 the diamino acid 935:950 the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 935:971 The novel isolate possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, and glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and ribose as whole-cell sugars. 28036245 15 40 theme type 1768:1771 arg1 strain 1773:1778 The type strain 1764:1778 The type strain of the type species 1764:1798 The type strain of the type species is S3Cf-2T (=DSM 100693T=CGMCC 4.7299T). 28036245 15 40 theme type 1768:1771 arg1 S3Cf-2T 1803:1809 S3Cf-2T 1803:1809 S3Cf-2T (=DSM 100693T=CGMCC 4.7299T) 1803:1838 The type strain of the type species is S3Cf-2T (=DSM 100693T=CGMCC 4.7299T). 28036245 2 41 theme novel 134:138 arg1 actinobacterium 151:165 A novel endophytic actinobacterium 132:165 A novel endophytic actinobacterium 132:165 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain S3Cf-2T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan Province, China. 28036245 2 42 theme Dongzhaigang 277:288 arg1 Reserve 306:312 Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve 277:312 Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan Province, China 277:338 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain S3Cf-2T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan Province, China. 28036245 13 43 theme Mangrovihabitans 1701:1716 arg1 nov. 1736:1739 Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov. 1701:1739 the name Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov. 1692:1739 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain S3Cf-2T represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 28036245 13 44 theme family 1655:1660 arg1 Micromonosporaceae 1662:1679 the family Micromonosporaceae 1651:1679 the family Micromonosporaceae 1651:1679 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain S3Cf-2T represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 28036245 13 45 theme gen. 1731:1734 arg1 nov. 1736:1739 Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov. 1701:1739 the name Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov. 1692:1739 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain S3Cf-2T represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 28036245 6 46 theme smooth 813:818 arg1 surface 820:826 a smooth surface 811:826 a smooth surface 811:826 An oval or rod-like spore with a smooth surface was borne singly at the end of substrate mycelium. 28036245 5 47 theme branched 730:737 arg1 mycelia 749:755 extensively branched substrate mycelia 718:755 extensively branched substrate mycelia 718:755 Strain S3Cf-2T formed extensively branched substrate mycelia without fragmentation. 28036245 13 48 theme phylogenetic 1533:1544 arg1 analyses 1577:1584 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1533:1584 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1533:1584 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain S3Cf-2T represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 28036245 15 49 theme 100693T=CGMCC 1817:1829 arg1 4.7299T 1831:1837 =DSM 100693T=CGMCC 4.7299T 1812:1837 =DSM 100693T=CGMCC 4.7299T 1812:1837 The type strain of the type species is S3Cf-2T (=DSM 100693T=CGMCC 4.7299T). 28036245 15 49 theme 100693T=CGMCC 1817:1829 arg1 S3Cf-2T 1803:1809 S3Cf-2T 1803:1809 S3Cf-2T (=DSM 100693T=CGMCC 4.7299T) 1803:1838 The type strain of the type species is S3Cf-2T (=DSM 100693T=CGMCC 4.7299T). 28036245 11 50 dep iso-C16  1404:1411 arg1  0 1447:1448  0 1447:1448  0 1447:1448 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28036245 11 50 dep iso-C16  1404:1411 arg1  0 1430:1431  0 1430:1431  0 1430:1431 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28036245 11 50 dep iso-C16  1404:1411 arg1  0 1463:1464  0 1463:1464  0 1463:1464 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28036245 11 50 dep iso-C16  1404:1411 arg1  0 1413:1414  0 1413:1414  0 1413:1414 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28036245 11 50 dep iso-C16  1404:1411 arg1 iso-C15  1454:1461 iso-C15  1454:1461 iso-C15  1454:1461 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28036245 4 51 theme family 650:655 arg1 Micromonosporaceae 657:674 the family Micromonosporaceae 646:674 the family Micromonosporaceae 646:674 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain S3Cf-2T and the type species of 30 genera in the family Micromonosporaceae were 91.55-97.45 %. 28036245 5 52 theme Strain 696:701 arg1 S3Cf-2T 703:709 Strain S3Cf-2T 696:709 Strain S3Cf-2T 696:709 Strain S3Cf-2T formed extensively branched substrate mycelia without fragmentation. 28036245 9 53 theme phospholipid 1294:1305 arg1 PII 1312:1314 phospholipid type PII 1294:1314 phospholipid type PII 1294:1314 The major polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and an unknown aminolipid, corresponding to phospholipid type PII. 28036245 7 54 theme whole-cell 1039:1048 arg1 sugars 1050:1055 whole-cell sugars 1039:1055 whole-cell sugars 1039:1055 The novel isolate possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, and glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and ribose as whole-cell sugars. 28036245 2 55 theme Bruguiera 242:250 arg1 sexangula 252:260 Bruguiera sexangula 242:260 Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan Province, China 242:338 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain S3Cf-2T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan Province, China. 28036245 3 56 theme Phylogenetic 341:352 arg1 analysis 354:361 Phylogenetic analysis 341:361 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 341:394 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain S3Cf-2T fell within the family Micromonosporaceae and formed a distinct clade in the Micromonosporaceae phylogenetic tree. 28036245 13 57 theme phenotypic 1547:1556 arg1 analyses 1577:1584 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1533:1584 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1533:1584 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain S3Cf-2T represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 28036245 2 58 from Reserve 306:312 arg1 China 334:338 China 334:338 China 334:338 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain S3Cf-2T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan Province, China. 28036245 12 59 theme DNA 1498:1500 arg1 content 1475:1481 The G+C content 1467:1481 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1467:1500 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.4 mol%. 28036245 12 59 theme DNA 1498:1500 arg1 % 1514:1514 71.4 mol% 1506:1514 71.4 mol% 1506:1514 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.4 mol%. 28036245 7 60 contain possessed 897:905 arg2 acid 927:930 meso-diaminopimelic acid 907:930 meso-diaminopimelic acid 907:930 The novel isolate possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, and glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and ribose as whole-cell sugars. 28036245 7 60 contain possessed 897:905 arg2 acid 947:950 the diamino acid 935:950 the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 935:971 The novel isolate possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, and glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and ribose as whole-cell sugars. 28036245 7 60 contain possessed 897:905 arg1 isolate 889:895 The novel isolate 879:895 The novel isolate 879:895 The novel isolate possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, and glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and ribose as whole-cell sugars. 28036245 12 61 theme 71.4 mol 1506:1513 arg1 content 1475:1481 The G+C content 1467:1481 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1467:1500 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.4 mol%. 28036245 12 61 theme 71.4 mol 1506:1513 arg1 % 1514:1514 71.4 mol% 1506:1514 71.4 mol% 1506:1514 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.4 mol%. 28036245 3 62 theme 16S 372:374 arg1 sequences 386:394 16S rRNA gene sequences 372:394 16S rRNA gene sequences 372:394 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain S3Cf-2T fell within the family Micromonosporaceae and formed a distinct clade in the Micromonosporaceae phylogenetic tree. 28036245 1 63 theme new 53:55 arg1 member 57:62 a new member 51:62 a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae isolated from Bruguiera sexangula 51:129 nov., a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae isolated from Bruguiera sexangula. 28036245 1 63 theme new 53:55 arg1 nov. 45:48 nov. 45:48 nov. 45:48 nov., a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae isolated from Bruguiera sexangula. 28036245 11 64 theme major 1372:1376 arg1 iso-C16  1404:1411 iso-C16  1404:1411 iso-C16  1404:1411 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28036245 11 64 theme major 1372:1376 arg1 acids 1393:1397 The major cellular fatty acids 1368:1397 The major cellular fatty acids 1368:1397 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. 28036245 0 65 theme endophyticus 17:28 arg1 sp 41:42 sp 41:42 sp 41:42 Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 28036245 0 65 theme endophyticus 17:28 arg1 nov. 35:38 Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov. 0:38 Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov. 0:38 Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 28036245 4 66 from values 579:584 arg1 Micromonosporaceae 657:674 the family Micromonosporaceae 646:674 the family Micromonosporaceae 646:674 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain S3Cf-2T and the type species of 30 genera in the family Micromonosporaceae were 91.55-97.45 %. 28036245 6 67 theme oval 783:786 arg1 spore 800:804 An oval or rod-like spore 780:804 An oval or rod-like spore with a smooth surface 780:826 An oval or rod-like spore with a smooth surface was borne singly at the end of substrate mycelium. 28036245 8 68 theme peptidoglycan 1089:1101 arg1 type 1067:1070 The acyl type 1058:1070 The acyl type of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1058:1101 The acyl type of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was glycolyl and mycolic acids were absent. 28036245 8 68 theme peptidoglycan 1089:1101 arg1 glycolyl 1107:1114 glycolyl 1107:1114 glycolyl 1107:1114 The acyl type of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was glycolyl and mycolic acids were absent. 28036245 7 69 theme peptidoglycan 959:971 arg1 arabinose 1007:1015 arabinose 1007:1015 arabinose 1007:1015 The novel isolate possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, and glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and ribose as whole-cell sugars. 28036245 7 69 theme peptidoglycan 959:971 arg1 acid 947:950 the diamino acid 935:950 the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 935:971 The novel isolate possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, and glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and ribose as whole-cell sugars. 28036245 7 69 theme peptidoglycan 959:971 arg1 glucose 978:984 glucose 978:984 glucose 978:984 The novel isolate possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, and glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and ribose as whole-cell sugars. 28036245 7 69 theme peptidoglycan 959:971 arg1 galactose 987:995 galactose 987:995 galactose 987:995 The novel isolate possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, and glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and ribose as whole-cell sugars. 28036245 7 69 theme peptidoglycan 959:971 arg1 xylose 1018:1023 xylose 1018:1023 xylose 1018:1023 The novel isolate possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, and glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and ribose as whole-cell sugars. 28036245 7 69 theme peptidoglycan 959:971 arg1 acid 927:930 meso-diaminopimelic acid 907:930 meso-diaminopimelic acid 907:930 The novel isolate possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, and glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and ribose as whole-cell sugars. 28036245 7 69 theme peptidoglycan 959:971 arg1 ribose 1029:1034 ribose 1029:1034 ribose 1029:1034 The novel isolate possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, and glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and ribose as whole-cell sugars. 28036245 7 69 theme peptidoglycan 959:971 arg1 mannose 998:1004 mannose 998:1004 mannose 998:1004 The novel isolate possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, and glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and ribose as whole-cell sugars. 28036245 1 70 theme family 71:76 arg1 Micromonosporaceae 78:95 the family Micromonosporaceae 67:95 the family Micromonosporaceae isolated from Bruguiera sexangula 67:129 nov., a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae isolated from Bruguiera sexangula. 28036245 3 71 theme gene 381:384 arg1 sequences 386:394 16S rRNA gene sequences 372:394 16S rRNA gene sequences 372:394 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain S3Cf-2T fell within the family Micromonosporaceae and formed a distinct clade in the Micromonosporaceae phylogenetic tree. 28036245 4 72 theme strain 594:599 arg1 S3Cf-2T 601:607 strain S3Cf-2T 594:607 strain S3Cf-2T 594:607 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain S3Cf-2T and the type species of 30 genera in the family Micromonosporaceae were 91.55-97.45 %. 28036245 13 73 theme novel 1615:1619 arg1 species 1621:1627 a novel species 1613:1627 a novel species 1613:1627 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain S3Cf-2T represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 28036245 2 74 theme strain 179:184 arg1 S3Cf-2T 186:192 strain S3Cf-2T 179:192 strain S3Cf-2T 179:192 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain S3Cf-2T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized bark of Bruguiera sexangula collected from Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan Province, China. 28036245 3 75 theme distinct 481:488 arg1 clade 490:494 a distinct clade 479:494 a distinct clade 479:494 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain S3Cf-2T fell within the family Micromonosporaceae and formed a distinct clade in the Micromonosporaceae phylogenetic tree. 28036245 12 76 theme G+C 1471:1473 arg1 content 1475:1481 The G+C content 1467:1481 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1467:1500 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.4 mol%. 28036245 12 76 theme G+C 1471:1473 arg1 % 1514:1514 71.4 mol% 1506:1514 71.4 mol% 1506:1514 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.4 mol%. 28036245 4 77 theme rRNA 549:552 arg1 similarity 568:577 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 545:577 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain S3Cf-2T and the type species of 30 genera in the family Micromonosporaceae 541:674 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain S3Cf-2T and the type species of 30 genera in the family Micromonosporaceae were 91.55-97.45 %. 28036245 13 78 theme chemotaxonomic 1562:1575 arg1 analyses 1577:1584 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1533:1584 phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses 1533:1584 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain S3Cf-2T represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 28036245 8 79 theme mycolic 1120:1126 arg1 acids 1128:1132 mycolic acids 1120:1132 mycolic acids 1120:1132 The acyl type of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was glycolyl and mycolic acids were absent. 28036245 3 80 theme strain 411:416 arg1 S3Cf-2T 418:424 strain S3Cf-2T 411:424 strain S3Cf-2T 411:424 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain S3Cf-2T fell within the family Micromonosporaceae and formed a distinct clade in the Micromonosporaceae phylogenetic tree. 28036245 4 81 theme sequence 559:566 arg1 similarity 568:577 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 545:577 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain S3Cf-2T and the type species of 30 genera in the family Micromonosporaceae 541:674 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain S3Cf-2T and the type species of 30 genera in the family Micromonosporaceae were 91.55-97.45 %. 28036245 13 82 theme strain 1587:1592 arg1 S3Cf-2T 1594:1600 strain S3Cf-2T 1587:1600 strain S3Cf-2T 1587:1600 On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain S3Cf-2T represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Mangrovihabitans endophyticus gen. nov., sp. 28036245 8 83 theme acyl 1062:1065 arg1 type 1067:1070 The acyl type 1058:1070 The acyl type of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1058:1101 The acyl type of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was glycolyl and mycolic acids were absent. 28036245 8 83 theme acyl 1062:1065 arg1 glycolyl 1107:1114 glycolyl 1107:1114 glycolyl 1107:1114 The acyl type of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was glycolyl and mycolic acids were absent. 28036245 6 84 theme rod-like 791:798 arg1 spore 800:804 An oval or rod-like spore 780:804 An oval or rod-like spore with a smooth surface 780:826 An oval or rod-like spore with a smooth surface was borne singly at the end of substrate mycelium. 28036245 3 85 theme Micromonosporaceae 503:520 arg1 tree 535:538 the Micromonosporaceae phylogenetic tree 499:538 the Micromonosporaceae phylogenetic tree 499:538 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain S3Cf-2T fell within the family Micromonosporaceae and formed a distinct clade in the Micromonosporaceae phylogenetic tree. 28036245 6 86 theme substrate 859:867 arg1 mycelium 869:876 substrate mycelium 859:876 substrate mycelium 859:876 An oval or rod-like spore with a smooth surface was borne singly at the end of substrate mycelium. 28036245 9 87 theme polar 1157:1161 arg1 lipids 1163:1168 The major polar lipids 1147:1168 The major polar lipids 1147:1168 The major polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and an unknown aminolipid, corresponding to phospholipid type PII. 28036245 4 88 theme genera 636:641 arg1 S3Cf-2T 601:607 strain S3Cf-2T 594:607 strain S3Cf-2T 594:607 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain S3Cf-2T and the type species of 30 genera in the family Micromonosporaceae were 91.55-97.45 %. 28036245 4 88 theme genera 636:641 arg1 species 622:628 the type species 613:628 the type species of 30 genera 613:641 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain S3Cf-2T and the type species of 30 genera in the family Micromonosporaceae were 91.55-97.45 %. 27073919 11 0 theme acid 1533:1536 arg1 production 1538:1547 acid production 1533:1547 acid production from inositol and raffinose 1533:1575 In addition, strain XD80T showed differential physiological characteristics from most members of the genus Domibacillus, encompassing hydrolysis of starch, acid production from inositol and raffinose, and production of valine arylamidase. 27073919 9 1 theme type 1313:1316 arg1 acid 1307:1310 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1287:1310 meso-diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) 1287:1321 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ). 27073919 9 1 theme type 1313:1316 arg1 A1γ 1318:1320 type A1γ 1313:1320 type A1γ 1313:1320 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ). 27073919 3 2 theme Domibacillus 500:511 arg1 33549T 526:531 Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T 500:531 Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %) 500:541 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 2 theme Domibacillus 500:511 arg1 % 540:540 97.70 % 534:540 97.70 % 534:540 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 14 3 theme AB 1828:1829 arg1 33636T 1845:1850 =CCTCC AB 2015053T=KCTC 33636T 1821:1850 =CCTCC AB 2015053T=KCTC 33636T 1821:1850 The type strain is XD80T (=CCTCC AB 2015053T=KCTC 33636T). 27073919 14 3 theme AB 1828:1829 arg1 XD80T 1814:1818 XD80T 1814:1818 XD80T (=CCTCC AB 2015053T=KCTC 33636T) 1814:1851 The type strain is XD80T (=CCTCC AB 2015053T=KCTC 33636T). 27073919 3 4 theme DSM 479:481 arg1 25058T 483:488 Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T 454:488 Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %) 454:497 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 4 theme DSM 479:481 arg1 % 496:496 97.83 % 490:496 97.83 % 490:496 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 12 5 theme study 1647:1651 arg1 results 1620:1626 The results 1616:1626 The results of this polyphasic study 1616:1651 The results of this polyphasic study indicated that strain XD80T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus, for which the name Domibacillus antri sp. 27073919 4 6 theme CCTCC 793:797 arg1 2011121T 802:809 D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T 697:809 D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T 697:809 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain XD80T and D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T were 37.4 %, 53.8 %, 53.6 % and 52.7 %, respectively. 27073919 12 7 theme Domibacillus 1754:1765 arg1 sp 1773:1774 the name Domibacillus antri sp 1745:1774 the name Domibacillus antri sp 1745:1774 The results of this polyphasic study indicated that strain XD80T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus, for which the name Domibacillus antri sp. 27073919 10 8 theme whole-cell 1358:1367 arg1 sugars 1369:1374 the major whole-cell sugars 1348:1374 the major whole-cell sugars 1348:1374 Ribose and glucose were the major whole-cell sugars. 27073919 10 8 theme whole-cell 1358:1367 arg1 glucose 1335:1341 glucose 1335:1341 glucose 1335:1341 Ribose and glucose were the major whole-cell sugars. 27073919 10 8 theme whole-cell 1358:1367 arg1 Ribose 1324:1329 Ribose 1324:1329 Ribose 1324:1329 Ribose and glucose were the major whole-cell sugars. 27073919 6 9 dep iso-C15  1028:1035 arg1 % 1046:1046 37.3 % 1041:1046 37.3 % 1041:1046 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 6 9 dep iso-C15  1028:1035 arg1 C16  1116:1119 C16  1116:1119 C16  1116:1119 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 6 9 dep iso-C15  1028:1035 arg1 acids 1010:1014 The predominant fatty acids 988:1014 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) 988:1021 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 6 9 dep iso-C15  1028:1035 arg1 iso-C15  1028:1035 iso-C15  1028:1035 iso-C15  1028:1035 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 6 9 dep iso-C15  1028:1035 arg1  0 1037:1038  0 1037:1038  0 1037:1038 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 6 9 dep iso-C15  1028:1035 arg1 C16  1076:1079 C16  1076:1079 C16  1076:1079 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 9 10 contain contained 1277:1285 arg1 peptidoglycan 1263:1275 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1249:1275 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1249:1275 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ). 27073919 9 10 contain contained 1277:1285 arg2 A1γ 1318:1320 type A1γ 1313:1320 type A1γ 1313:1320 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ). 27073919 9 10 contain contained 1277:1285 arg2 acid 1307:1310 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1287:1310 meso-diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) 1287:1321 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ). 27073919 11 11 theme Domibacillus 1484:1495 arg1 members 1463:1469 most members 1458:1469 most members of the genus Domibacillus 1458:1495 In addition, strain XD80T showed differential physiological characteristics from most members of the genus Domibacillus, encompassing hydrolysis of starch, acid production from inositol and raffinose, and production of valine arylamidase. 27073919 4 12 dep D. 697:698 arg1 iocasae 700:706 D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T 697:724 D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T 697:724 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain XD80T and D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T were 37.4 %, 53.8 %, 53.6 % and 52.7 %, respectively. 27073919 4 12 dep D. 697:698 arg1 2015183T 717:724 CCTCC AB 2015183T 708:724 D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T 697:724 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain XD80T and D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T were 37.4 %, 53.8 %, 53.6 % and 52.7 %, respectively. 27073919 6 13 dep  0 1037:1038 arg1 % 1090:1090 10.4 % 1085:1090 10.4 % 1085:1090 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 6 13 dep  0 1037:1038 arg1  0 1153:1154  0 1153:1154  0 1153:1154 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 6 13 dep  0 1037:1038 arg1 % 1112:1112 10.3 % 1107:1112 10.3 % 1107:1112 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 6 13 dep  0 1037:1038 arg1  0 1081:1082  0 1081:1082  0 1081:1082 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 6 13 dep  0 1037:1038 arg1 % 1133:1133 9.6 % 1129:1133 9.6 % 1129:1133 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 6 13 dep  0 1037:1038 arg1  0 1103:1104  0 1103:1104  0 1103:1104 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 6 13 dep  0 1037:1038 arg1 % 1072:1072 10.8 % 1067:1072 10.8 % 1067:1072 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 6 13 dep  0 1037:1038 arg1 anteiso-C17  1140:1151 anteiso-C17  1140:1151 anteiso-C17  1140:1151 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 6 13 dep  0 1037:1038 arg1  1ω11c 1121:1126  1ω11c 1121:1126  1ω11c (9.6 %) 1121:1134 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 6 13 dep  0 1037:1038 arg1 % 1161:1161 7.4 % 1157:1161 7.4 % 1157:1161 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 6 13 dep  0 1037:1038 arg1  0 1063:1064  0 1063:1064  0 1063:1064 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 5 14 theme major 869:873 arg1 lipids 881:886 The major polar lipids 865:886 The major polar lipids 865:886 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, aminophospholipid and two unknown phospholipids. 27073919 5 14 theme major 869:873 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 893:914 diphosphatidylglycerol 893:914 diphosphatidylglycerol 893:914 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, aminophospholipid and two unknown phospholipids. 27073919 4 15 theme D. 780:781 arg1 2011121T 802:809 D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T 697:809 D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T 697:809 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain XD80T and D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T were 37.4 %, 53.8 %, 53.6 % and 52.7 %, respectively. 27073919 11 16 theme strain 1390:1395 arg1 XD80T 1397:1401 strain XD80T 1390:1401 strain XD80T 1390:1401 In addition, strain XD80T showed differential physiological characteristics from most members of the genus Domibacillus, encompassing hydrolysis of starch, acid production from inositol and raffinose, and production of valine arylamidase. 27073919 2 17 theme native 214:219 arg1 cave 221:224 a native cave 212:224 a native cave 212:224 A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, capsule-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain XD80T, was isolated from the soil of a native cave in Lichuan, Hubei province, China. 27073919 3 18 theme Phylogenetic 261:272 arg1 analysis 274:281 Phylogenetic analysis 261:281 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 261:314 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 12 19 theme Domibacillus 1721:1732 arg1 species 1700:1706 a novel species 1692:1706 a novel species 1692:1706 The results of this polyphasic study indicated that strain XD80T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus, for which the name Domibacillus antri sp. 27073919 11 20 theme physiological 1423:1435 arg1 characteristics 1437:1451 differential physiological characteristics 1410:1451 differential physiological characteristics 1410:1451 In addition, strain XD80T showed differential physiological characteristics from most members of the genus Domibacillus, encompassing hydrolysis of starch, acid production from inositol and raffinose, and production of valine arylamidase. 27073919 3 21 theme gene 301:304 arg1 sequences 306:314 16S rRNA gene sequences 292:314 16S rRNA gene sequences 292:314 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 22 theme 16S 292:294 arg1 sequences 306:314 16S rRNA gene sequences 292:314 16S rRNA gene sequences 292:314 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 23 theme 98.66  412:417 arg1 similarity 429:438 98.66 % sequence similarity 412:438 98.66 % sequence similarity 412:438 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 23 theme 98.66  412:417 arg1 2015183T 402:409 Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T 372:409 Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity) 372:439 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 4 24 theme relatedness 660:670 arg1 Levels 642:647 Levels 642:647 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain XD80T and D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T 642:809 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain XD80T and D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T were 37.4 %, 53.8 %, 53.6 % and 52.7 %, respectively. 27073919 2 25 from soil 204:207 arg1 Hubei 238:242 Hubei 238:242 Hubei 238:242 A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, capsule-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain XD80T, was isolated from the soil of a native cave in Lichuan, Hubei province, China. 27073919 2 25 from soil 204:207 arg1 China 254:258 China 254:258 China 254:258 A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, capsule-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain XD80T, was isolated from the soil of a native cave in Lichuan, Hubei province, China. 27073919 3 26 theme strain 331:336 arg1 XD80T 338:342 strain XD80T 331:342 strain XD80T 331:342 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 0 27 theme Domibacillus 0:11 arg1 sp 19:20 Domibacillus antri sp 0:20 Domibacillus antri sp. 0:21 Domibacillus antri sp. 27073919 7 28 theme major 1187:1191 arg1 quinone 1205:1211 the major respiratory quinone 1183:1211 the major respiratory quinone 1183:1211 MK-6 (86.4 %) was the major respiratory quinone. 27073919 7 28 theme major 1187:1191 arg1 MK-6 1165:1168 MK-6 1165:1168 MK-6 (86.4 %) 1165:1177 MK-6 (86.4 %) was the major respiratory quinone. 27073919 3 29 dep Domibacillus 454:465 arg1 robiginosus 467:477 robiginosus 467:477 robiginosus 467:477 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 30 theme CCTCC 567:571 arg1 2011121T 576:583 Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T 544:583 Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) 544:593 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 30 theme CCTCC 567:571 arg1 % 592:592 97.21 % 586:592 97.21 % 586:592 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 31 theme AB 399:400 arg1 similarity 429:438 98.66 % sequence similarity 412:438 98.66 % sequence similarity 412:438 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 31 theme AB 399:400 arg1 2015183T 402:409 Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T 372:409 Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity) 372:439 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 4 32 dep D. 753:754 arg1 33549T 769:774 KCTC 33549T 764:774 KCTC 33549T 764:774 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain XD80T and D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T were 37.4 %, 53.8 %, 53.6 % and 52.7 %, respectively. 27073919 4 32 dep D. 753:754 arg1 tundrae 756:762 D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T 727:774 tundrae 756:762 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain XD80T and D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T were 37.4 %, 53.8 %, 53.6 % and 52.7 %, respectively. 27073919 3 33 dep Domibacillus 372:383 arg1 iocasae 385:391 iocasae 385:391 iocasae 385:391 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 8 34 theme G+C 1222:1224 arg1 content 1226:1232 The DNA G+C content 1214:1232 The DNA G+C content 1214:1232 The DNA G+C content was 46.4 mol%. 27073919 8 34 theme G+C 1222:1224 arg1 % 1246:1246 46.4 mol% 1238:1246 46.4 mol% 1238:1246 The DNA G+C content was 46.4 mol%. 27073919 3 35 theme Domibacillus 544:555 arg1 2011121T 576:583 Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T 544:583 Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) 544:593 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 35 theme Domibacillus 544:555 arg1 % 592:592 97.21 % 586:592 97.21 % 586:592 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 4 36 theme AB 714:715 arg1 2015183T 717:724 CCTCC AB 2015183T 708:724 D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T 697:724 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain XD80T and D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T were 37.4 %, 53.8 %, 53.6 % and 52.7 %, respectively. 27073919 10 37 theme major 1352:1356 arg1 sugars 1369:1374 the major whole-cell sugars 1348:1374 the major whole-cell sugars 1348:1374 Ribose and glucose were the major whole-cell sugars. 27073919 10 37 theme major 1352:1356 arg1 glucose 1335:1341 glucose 1335:1341 glucose 1335:1341 Ribose and glucose were the major whole-cell sugars. 27073919 10 37 theme major 1352:1356 arg1 Ribose 1324:1329 Ribose 1324:1329 Ribose 1324:1329 Ribose and glucose were the major whole-cell sugars. 27073919 4 38 theme strain 680:685 arg1 XD80T 687:691 strain XD80T 680:691 strain XD80T 680:691 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain XD80T and D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T were 37.4 %, 53.8 %, 53.6 % and 52.7 %, respectively. 27073919 3 39 theme % 418:418 arg1 similarity 429:438 98.66 % sequence similarity 412:438 98.66 % sequence similarity 412:438 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 39 theme % 418:418 arg1 2015183T 402:409 Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T 372:409 Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity) 372:439 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 8 40 theme mol 1243:1245 arg1 content 1226:1232 The DNA G+C content 1214:1232 The DNA G+C content 1214:1232 The DNA G+C content was 46.4 mol%. 27073919 8 40 theme mol 1243:1245 arg1 % 1246:1246 46.4 mol% 1238:1246 46.4 mol% 1238:1246 The DNA G+C content was 46.4 mol%. 27073919 2 41 theme strain 168:173 arg1 XD80T 175:179 strain XD80T 168:179 strain XD80T 168:179 A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, capsule-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain XD80T, was isolated from the soil of a native cave in Lichuan, Hubei province, China. 27073919 9 42 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1287:1305 arg1 acid 1307:1310 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1287:1310 meso-diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) 1287:1321 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ). 27073919 9 42 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1287:1305 arg1 A1γ 1318:1320 type A1γ 1313:1320 type A1γ 1313:1320 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ). 27073919 3 43 theme Domibacillus 599:610 arg1 28032T 624:629 Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T 599:629 Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %) 599:639 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 43 theme Domibacillus 599:610 arg1 % 638:638 96.96 % 632:638 96.96 % 632:638 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 44 theme DSM 620:622 arg1 28032T 624:629 Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T 599:629 Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %) 599:639 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 44 theme DSM 620:622 arg1 % 638:638 96.96 % 632:638 96.96 % 632:638 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 12 45 theme novel 1694:1698 arg1 species 1700:1706 a novel species 1692:1706 a novel species 1692:1706 The results of this polyphasic study indicated that strain XD80T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus, for which the name Domibacillus antri sp. 27073919 2 46 theme rod-shaped 135:144 arg1 bacterium 146:154 A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, capsule-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium 63:154 A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, capsule-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium 63:154 A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, capsule-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain XD80T, was isolated from the soil of a native cave in Lichuan, Hubei province, China. 27073919 4 47 theme D. 753:754 arg1 2011121T 802:809 D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T 697:809 D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T 697:809 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain XD80T and D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T were 37.4 %, 53.8 %, 53.6 % and 52.7 %, respectively. 27073919 14 48 theme 2015053T=KCTC 1831:1843 arg1 33636T 1845:1850 =CCTCC AB 2015053T=KCTC 33636T 1821:1850 =CCTCC AB 2015053T=KCTC 33636T 1821:1850 The type strain is XD80T (=CCTCC AB 2015053T=KCTC 33636T). 27073919 14 48 theme 2015053T=KCTC 1831:1843 arg1 XD80T 1814:1818 XD80T 1814:1818 XD80T (=CCTCC AB 2015053T=KCTC 33636T) 1814:1851 The type strain is XD80T (=CCTCC AB 2015053T=KCTC 33636T). 27073919 2 49 theme motile 124:129 arg1 bacterium 146:154 A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, capsule-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium 63:154 A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, capsule-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium 63:154 A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, capsule-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain XD80T, was isolated from the soil of a native cave in Lichuan, Hubei province, China. 27073919 3 50 dep Domibacillus 500:511 arg1 tundrae 513:519 tundrae 513:519 tundrae 513:519 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 12 51 theme strain 1668:1673 arg1 XD80T 1675:1679 strain XD80T 1668:1679 strain XD80T 1668:1679 The results of this polyphasic study indicated that strain XD80T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus, for which the name Domibacillus antri sp. 27073919 14 52 theme =CCTCC 1821:1826 arg1 33636T 1845:1850 =CCTCC AB 2015053T=KCTC 33636T 1821:1850 =CCTCC AB 2015053T=KCTC 33636T 1821:1850 The type strain is XD80T (=CCTCC AB 2015053T=KCTC 33636T). 27073919 14 52 theme =CCTCC 1821:1826 arg1 XD80T 1814:1818 XD80T 1814:1818 XD80T (=CCTCC AB 2015053T=KCTC 33636T) 1814:1851 The type strain is XD80T (=CCTCC AB 2015053T=KCTC 33636T). 27073919 2 53 theme capsule-forming 107:121 arg1 bacterium 146:154 A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, capsule-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium 63:154 A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, capsule-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium 63:154 A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, capsule-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain XD80T, was isolated from the soil of a native cave in Lichuan, Hubei province, China. 27073919 12 54 theme polyphasic 1636:1645 arg1 study 1647:1651 this polyphasic study 1631:1651 this polyphasic study 1631:1651 The results of this polyphasic study indicated that strain XD80T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus, for which the name Domibacillus antri sp. 27073919 6 55 theme fatty 1004:1008 arg1  0 1037:1038  0 1037:1038  0 1037:1038 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 6 55 theme fatty 1004:1008 arg1 acids 1010:1014 The predominant fatty acids 988:1014 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) 988:1021 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 6 55 theme fatty 1004:1008 arg1 % 1020:1020 >5 % 1017:1020 >5 % 1017:1020 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 6 55 theme fatty 1004:1008 arg1 iso-C15  1028:1035 iso-C15  1028:1035 iso-C15  1028:1035 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 12 56 theme name 1749:1752 arg1 sp 1773:1774 the name Domibacillus antri sp 1745:1774 the name Domibacillus antri sp 1745:1774 The results of this polyphasic study indicated that strain XD80T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus, for which the name Domibacillus antri sp. 27073919 11 57 theme most 1458:1461 arg1 members 1463:1469 most members 1458:1469 most members of the genus Domibacillus 1458:1495 In addition, strain XD80T showed differential physiological characteristics from most members of the genus Domibacillus, encompassing hydrolysis of starch, acid production from inositol and raffinose, and production of valine arylamidase. 27073919 3 58 theme KCTC 521:524 arg1 33549T 526:531 Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T 500:531 Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %) 500:541 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 58 theme KCTC 521:524 arg1 % 540:540 97.70 % 534:540 97.70 % 534:540 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 4 59 theme AB 799:800 arg1 2011121T 802:809 D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T 697:809 D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T 697:809 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain XD80T and D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T were 37.4 %, 53.8 %, 53.6 % and 52.7 %, respectively. 27073919 12 60 theme antri 1767:1771 arg1 sp 1773:1774 the name Domibacillus antri sp 1745:1774 the name Domibacillus antri sp 1745:1774 The results of this polyphasic study indicated that strain XD80T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus, for which the name Domibacillus antri sp. 27073919 11 61 theme arylamidase 1603:1613 arg1 production 1582:1591 production 1582:1591 production of valine arylamidase 1582:1613 In addition, strain XD80T showed differential physiological characteristics from most members of the genus Domibacillus, encompassing hydrolysis of starch, acid production from inositol and raffinose, and production of valine arylamidase. 27073919 11 61 theme arylamidase 1603:1613 arg1 production 1538:1547 acid production 1533:1547 acid production from inositol and raffinose 1533:1575 In addition, strain XD80T showed differential physiological characteristics from most members of the genus Domibacillus, encompassing hydrolysis of starch, acid production from inositol and raffinose, and production of valine arylamidase. 27073919 11 61 theme arylamidase 1603:1613 arg1 hydrolysis 1511:1520 hydrolysis 1511:1520 hydrolysis of starch 1511:1530 In addition, strain XD80T showed differential physiological characteristics from most members of the genus Domibacillus, encompassing hydrolysis of starch, acid production from inositol and raffinose, and production of valine arylamidase. 27073919 4 62 theme KCTC 764:767 arg1 33549T 769:774 KCTC 33549T 764:774 KCTC 33549T 764:774 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain XD80T and D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T were 37.4 %, 53.8 %, 53.6 % and 52.7 %, respectively. 27073919 11 63 theme genus 1478:1482 arg1 Domibacillus 1484:1495 the genus Domibacillus 1474:1495 the genus Domibacillus 1474:1495 In addition, strain XD80T showed differential physiological characteristics from most members of the genus Domibacillus, encompassing hydrolysis of starch, acid production from inositol and raffinose, and production of valine arylamidase. 27073919 5 64 theme polar 875:879 arg1 lipids 881:886 The major polar lipids 865:886 The major polar lipids 865:886 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, aminophospholipid and two unknown phospholipids. 27073919 5 64 theme polar 875:879 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 893:914 diphosphatidylglycerol 893:914 diphosphatidylglycerol 893:914 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, aminophospholipid and two unknown phospholipids. 27073919 2 65 theme cave 221:224 arg1 soil 204:207 the soil 200:207 the soil of a native cave in Lichuan, Hubei province, China 200:258 A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, capsule-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain XD80T, was isolated from the soil of a native cave in Lichuan, Hubei province, China. 27073919 11 66 from inositol 1554:1561 arg1 production 1582:1591 production 1582:1591 production of valine arylamidase 1582:1613 In addition, strain XD80T showed differential physiological characteristics from most members of the genus Domibacillus, encompassing hydrolysis of starch, acid production from inositol and raffinose, and production of valine arylamidase. 27073919 11 66 from inositol 1554:1561 arg1 production 1538:1547 acid production 1533:1547 acid production from inositol and raffinose 1533:1575 In addition, strain XD80T showed differential physiological characteristics from most members of the genus Domibacillus, encompassing hydrolysis of starch, acid production from inositol and raffinose, and production of valine arylamidase. 27073919 11 66 from inositol 1554:1561 arg1 hydrolysis 1511:1520 hydrolysis 1511:1520 hydrolysis of starch 1511:1530 In addition, strain XD80T showed differential physiological characteristics from most members of the genus Domibacillus, encompassing hydrolysis of starch, acid production from inositol and raffinose, and production of valine arylamidase. 27073919 4 67 dep D. 780:781 arg1 enclensis 783:791 D. enclensis 780:791 D. enclensis 780:791 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain XD80T and D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T were 37.4 %, 53.8 %, 53.6 % and 52.7 %, respectively. 27073919 11 68 from raffinose 1567:1575 arg1 production 1582:1591 production 1582:1591 production of valine arylamidase 1582:1613 In addition, strain XD80T showed differential physiological characteristics from most members of the genus Domibacillus, encompassing hydrolysis of starch, acid production from inositol and raffinose, and production of valine arylamidase. 27073919 11 68 from raffinose 1567:1575 arg1 production 1538:1547 acid production 1533:1547 acid production from inositol and raffinose 1533:1575 In addition, strain XD80T showed differential physiological characteristics from most members of the genus Domibacillus, encompassing hydrolysis of starch, acid production from inositol and raffinose, and production of valine arylamidase. 27073919 11 68 from raffinose 1567:1575 arg1 hydrolysis 1511:1520 hydrolysis 1511:1520 hydrolysis of starch 1511:1530 In addition, strain XD80T showed differential physiological characteristics from most members of the genus Domibacillus, encompassing hydrolysis of starch, acid production from inositol and raffinose, and production of valine arylamidase. 27073919 2 69 dep Gram-reaction-positive 65:86 arg1 aerobic 98:104 aerobic 98:104 aerobic 98:104 A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, capsule-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain XD80T, was isolated from the soil of a native cave in Lichuan, Hubei province, China. 27073919 12 70 theme genus 1715:1719 arg1 Domibacillus 1721:1732 the genus Domibacillus 1711:1732 the genus Domibacillus 1711:1732 The results of this polyphasic study indicated that strain XD80T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus, for which the name Domibacillus antri sp. 27073919 2 71 attach isolated 186:193 arg1 soil 204:207 the soil 200:207 the soil of a native cave in Lichuan, Hubei province, China 200:258 A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, capsule-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain XD80T, was isolated from the soil of a native cave in Lichuan, Hubei province, China. 27073919 2 71 attach isolated 186:193 arg2 bacterium 146:154 A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, capsule-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium 63:154 A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, capsule-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium 63:154 A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, capsule-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain XD80T, was isolated from the soil of a native cave in Lichuan, Hubei province, China. 27073919 11 72 theme differential 1410:1421 arg1 characteristics 1437:1451 differential physiological characteristics 1410:1451 differential physiological characteristics 1410:1451 In addition, strain XD80T showed differential physiological characteristics from most members of the genus Domibacillus, encompassing hydrolysis of starch, acid production from inositol and raffinose, and production of valine arylamidase. 27073919 3 73 theme rRNA 296:299 arg1 sequences 306:314 16S rRNA gene sequences 292:314 16S rRNA gene sequences 292:314 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 4 74 theme DNA-DNA 652:658 arg1 relatedness 660:670 DNA-DNA relatedness 652:670 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain XD80T and D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T 652:809 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain XD80T and D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T were 37.4 %, 53.8 %, 53.6 % and 52.7 %, respectively. 27073919 3 75 theme CCTCC 393:397 arg1 similarity 429:438 98.66 % sequence similarity 412:438 98.66 % sequence similarity 412:438 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 75 theme CCTCC 393:397 arg1 2015183T 402:409 Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T 372:409 Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity) 372:439 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 0 76 theme antri 13:17 arg1 sp 19:20 Domibacillus antri sp 0:20 Domibacillus antri sp. 0:21 Domibacillus antri sp. 27073919 5 77 theme unknown 965:971 arg1 phospholipids 973:985 two unknown phospholipids 961:985 two unknown phospholipids 961:985 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, aminophospholipid and two unknown phospholipids. 27073919 1 78 theme cave 57:60 arg1 soil 47:50 the soil 43:50 the soil of a cave 43:60 nov., isolated from the soil of a cave. 27073919 3 79 dep related 361:367 arg1 followed 442:449 followed 442:449 followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %) 442:639 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 80 theme Domibacillus 372:383 arg1 similarity 429:438 98.66 % sequence similarity 412:438 98.66 % sequence similarity 412:438 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 80 theme Domibacillus 372:383 arg1 2015183T 402:409 Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T 372:409 Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity) 372:439 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 8 81 theme DNA 1218:1220 arg1 content 1226:1232 The DNA G+C content 1214:1232 The DNA G+C content 1214:1232 The DNA G+C content was 46.4 mol%. 27073919 8 81 theme DNA 1218:1220 arg1 % 1246:1246 46.4 mol% 1238:1246 46.4 mol% 1238:1246 The DNA G+C content was 46.4 mol%. 27073919 11 82 theme valine 1596:1601 arg1 arylamidase 1603:1613 valine arylamidase 1596:1613 valine arylamidase 1596:1613 In addition, strain XD80T showed differential physiological characteristics from most members of the genus Domibacillus, encompassing hydrolysis of starch, acid production from inositol and raffinose, and production of valine arylamidase. 27073919 3 83 dep Domibacillus 599:610 arg1 indicus 612:618 indicus 612:618 indicus 612:618 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 7 84 theme respiratory 1193:1203 arg1 quinone 1205:1211 the major respiratory quinone 1183:1211 the major respiratory quinone 1183:1211 MK-6 (86.4 %) was the major respiratory quinone. 27073919 7 84 theme respiratory 1193:1203 arg1 MK-6 1165:1168 MK-6 1165:1168 MK-6 (86.4 %) 1165:1177 MK-6 (86.4 %) was the major respiratory quinone. 27073919 14 85 theme type 1799:1802 arg1 XD80T 1814:1818 XD80T 1814:1818 XD80T (=CCTCC AB 2015053T=KCTC 33636T) 1814:1851 The type strain is XD80T (=CCTCC AB 2015053T=KCTC 33636T). 27073919 14 85 theme type 1799:1802 arg1 strain 1804:1809 The type strain 1795:1809 The type strain 1795:1809 The type strain is XD80T (=CCTCC AB 2015053T=KCTC 33636T). 27073919 4 86 theme D. 697:698 arg1 2011121T 802:809 D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T 697:809 D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T 697:809 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain XD80T and D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T were 37.4 %, 53.8 %, 53.6 % and 52.7 %, respectively. 27073919 2 87 theme Gram-reaction-positive 65:86 arg1 bacterium 146:154 A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, capsule-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium 63:154 A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, capsule-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium 63:154 A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, capsule-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain XD80T, was isolated from the soil of a native cave in Lichuan, Hubei province, China. 27073919 6 88 theme predominant 992:1002 arg1  0 1037:1038  0 1037:1038  0 1037:1038 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 6 88 theme predominant 992:1002 arg1 acids 1010:1014 The predominant fatty acids 988:1014 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) 988:1021 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 6 88 theme predominant 992:1002 arg1 % 1020:1020 >5 % 1017:1020 >5 % 1017:1020 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 6 88 theme predominant 992:1002 arg1 iso-C15  1028:1035 iso-C15  1028:1035 iso-C15  1028:1035 The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (37.3 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), C16 : 0 (10.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.3 %), C16 : 1ω11c (9.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.4 %). 27073919 4 89 theme CCTCC 708:712 arg1 2015183T 717:724 CCTCC AB 2015183T 708:724 D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T 697:724 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain XD80T and D. iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T, D. robiginosusDSM 25058T, D. tundrae KCTC 33549T and D. enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T were 37.4 %, 53.8 %, 53.6 % and 52.7 %, respectively. 27073919 11 90 theme starch 1525:1530 arg1 production 1582:1591 production 1582:1591 production of valine arylamidase 1582:1613 In addition, strain XD80T showed differential physiological characteristics from most members of the genus Domibacillus, encompassing hydrolysis of starch, acid production from inositol and raffinose, and production of valine arylamidase. 27073919 11 90 theme starch 1525:1530 arg1 production 1538:1547 acid production 1533:1547 acid production from inositol and raffinose 1533:1575 In addition, strain XD80T showed differential physiological characteristics from most members of the genus Domibacillus, encompassing hydrolysis of starch, acid production from inositol and raffinose, and production of valine arylamidase. 27073919 11 90 theme starch 1525:1530 arg1 hydrolysis 1511:1520 hydrolysis 1511:1520 hydrolysis of starch 1511:1530 In addition, strain XD80T showed differential physiological characteristics from most members of the genus Domibacillus, encompassing hydrolysis of starch, acid production from inositol and raffinose, and production of valine arylamidase. 27073919 9 91 theme cell-wall 1253:1261 arg1 peptidoglycan 1263:1275 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1249:1275 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1249:1275 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ). 27073919 3 92 theme AB 573:574 arg1 2011121T 576:583 Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T 544:583 Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) 544:593 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 92 theme AB 573:574 arg1 % 592:592 97.21 % 586:592 97.21 % 586:592 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 93 theme sequence 420:427 arg1 similarity 429:438 98.66 % sequence similarity 412:438 98.66 % sequence similarity 412:438 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 93 theme sequence 420:427 arg1 2015183T 402:409 Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T 372:409 Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity) 372:439 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 94 dep Domibacillus 544:555 arg1 enclensis 557:565 enclensis 557:565 enclensis 557:565 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 95 theme Domibacillus 454:465 arg1 25058T 483:488 Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T 454:488 Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %) 454:497 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 27073919 3 95 theme Domibacillus 454:465 arg1 % 496:496 97.83 % 490:496 97.83 % 490:496 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XD80T was most closely related to Domibacillus iocasae CCTCC AB 2015183T (98.66 % sequence similarity), followed by Domibacillus robiginosus DSM 25058T(97.83 %), Domibacillus tundrae KCTC 33549T (97.70 %), Domibacillus enclensis CCTCC AB 2011121T (97.21 %) and Domibacillus indicus DSM 28032T (96.96 %). 26515885 7 0 theme type 1206:1209 arg1 23968T 1274:1279 B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T 1250:1279 B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T 1250:1279 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 7 0 theme type 1206:1209 arg1 23973T 1239:1244 B. callitrichos DSM 23973T 1219:1244 B. callitrichos DSM 23973T 1219:1244 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 7 0 theme type 1206:1209 arg1 strains 1211:1217 the related type strains 1194:1217 the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T 1194:1279 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 6 1 dep similarity 862:871 arg1 % 837:837 % 837:837 % 837:837 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 6 2 theme gene 537:540 arg1 sequences 542:550 16S rRNA gene sequences 528:550 16S rRNA gene sequences 528:550 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 7 3 theme gene 1091:1094 arg1 sequences 1096:1104 gene sequences 1091:1104 gene sequences 1091:1104 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 6 4 theme sequence 853:860 arg1 similarity 862:871 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 823:871 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T 823:914 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 6 5 theme 16S 528:530 arg1 sequences 542:550 16S rRNA gene sequences 528:550 16S rRNA gene sequences 528:550 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 6 6 theme rRNA 843:846 arg1 similarity 862:871 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 823:871 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T 823:914 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 7 7 theme partial 1068:1074 arg1 hsp60 1076:1080 partial hsp60 1068:1080 partial hsp60 1068:1080 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 9 8 theme cellular 1396:1403 arg1 acids 1411:1415 The major cellular fatty acids 1386:1415 The major cellular fatty acids of MRM_5.9T 1386:1427 The major cellular fatty acids of MRM_5.9T were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c dimethylacetal, while C16 : 0 was prominent in strains MRM_5.18T and MRM_8.14T, followed by C18 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0. 26515885 9 8 theme cellular 1396:1403 arg1 C14  1434:1437 C14  1434:1437 C14  1434:1437 The major cellular fatty acids of MRM_5.9T were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c dimethylacetal, while C16 : 0 was prominent in strains MRM_5.18T and MRM_8.14T, followed by C18 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0. 26515885 12 9 theme Bifidobacterium 1838:1852 arg1 sp 1861:1862 Bifidobacterium hapali sp 1838:1862 Bifidobacterium hapali sp 1838:1862 nov. (type strain MRM_5.9T = DSM 100196T = JCM 30796T), Bifidobacterium hapali sp. 26515885 4 10 theme baby 336:339 arg1 marmosets 348:356 baby common marmosets 336:356 baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.) 336:380 In a previous study on bifidobacterial distribution in New World monkeys, six strains belonging to the Bifidobacteriaceae were isolated from faecal samples of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.). 26515885 6 11 theme identity 606:613 arg1 % 618:618 maximum identity 96 % 598:618 maximum identity 96 % 598:618 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 6 11 theme identity 606:613 arg1 similarity 586:595 similarity 586:595 similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium 586:659 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 4 12 theme marmosets 348:356 arg1 samples 325:331 faecal samples 318:331 faecal samples of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.) 318:380 In a previous study on bifidobacterial distribution in New World monkeys, six strains belonging to the Bifidobacteriaceae were isolated from faecal samples of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.). 26515885 9 13 theme MRM_5.9T 1420:1427 arg1 acids 1411:1415 The major cellular fatty acids 1386:1415 The major cellular fatty acids of MRM_5.9T 1386:1427 The major cellular fatty acids of MRM_5.9T were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c dimethylacetal, while C16 : 0 was prominent in strains MRM_5.18T and MRM_8.14T, followed by C18 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0. 26515885 9 13 theme MRM_5.9T 1420:1427 arg1 C14  1434:1437 C14  1434:1437 C14  1434:1437 The major cellular fatty acids of MRM_5.9T were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c dimethylacetal, while C16 : 0 was prominent in strains MRM_5.18T and MRM_8.14T, followed by C18 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0. 26515885 12 14 theme 100196T = JCM 1815:1827 arg1 30796T 1829:1834 type strain MRM_5.9T = DSM 100196T = JCM 30796T 1788:1834 type strain MRM_5.9T = DSM 100196T = JCM 30796T 1788:1834 nov. (type strain MRM_5.9T = DSM 100196T = JCM 30796T), Bifidobacterium hapali sp. 26515885 12 14 theme 100196T = JCM 1815:1827 arg1 nov 1782:1784 nov 1782:1784 nov 1782:1784 nov. (type strain MRM_5.9T = DSM 100196T = JCM 30796T), Bifidobacterium hapali sp. 26515885 3 15 dep marmosets 142:150 arg1 jacchus 164:170 Callithrix jacchus 153:170 Callithrix jacchus L. 153:173 nov., isolated from faeces of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.). 26515885 9 16 dep followed 1546:1553 arg1 prominent 1500:1508 prominent 1500:1508 prominent 1500:1508 The major cellular fatty acids of MRM_5.9T were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c dimethylacetal, while C16 : 0 was prominent in strains MRM_5.18T and MRM_8.14T, followed by C18 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0. 26515885 6 17 theme low 572:574 arg1 levels 576:581 relatively low levels 561:581 relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium 561:659 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 4 18 theme bifidobacterial 200:214 arg1 distribution 216:227 bifidobacterial distribution 200:227 bifidobacterial distribution in New World monkeys 200:248 In a previous study on bifidobacterial distribution in New World monkeys, six strains belonging to the Bifidobacteriaceae were isolated from faecal samples of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.). 26515885 6 19 theme callitrichos 892:903 arg1 23973T 909:914 Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T 876:914 Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T 876:914 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 6 20 theme genus 639:643 arg1 Bifidobacterium 645:659 the genus Bifidobacterium 635:659 the genus Bifidobacterium 635:659 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 9 21 from strains 1513:1519 arg1 prominent 1500:1508 prominent 1500:1508 prominent 1500:1508 The major cellular fatty acids of MRM_5.9T were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c dimethylacetal, while C16 : 0 was prominent in strains MRM_5.18T and MRM_8.14T, followed by C18 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0. 26515885 3 22 theme common 135:140 arg1 marmosets 142:150 baby common marmosets 130:150 baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.) 130:174 nov., isolated from faeces of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.). 26515885 4 23 dep marmosets 348:356 arg1 jacchus 370:376 Callithrix jacchus 359:376 Callithrix jacchus L. 359:379 In a previous study on bifidobacterial distribution in New World monkeys, six strains belonging to the Bifidobacteriaceae were isolated from faecal samples of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.). 26515885 7 24 theme related 1198:1204 arg1 23968T 1274:1279 B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T 1250:1279 B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T 1250:1279 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 7 24 theme related 1198:1204 arg1 23973T 1239:1244 B. callitrichos DSM 23973T 1219:1244 B. callitrichos DSM 23973T 1219:1244 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 7 24 theme related 1198:1204 arg1 strains 1211:1217 the related type strains 1194:1217 the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T 1194:1279 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 2 25 dep sp 96:97 arg1 hapali 89:94 nov. and Bifidobacterium hapali 64:94 nov. and Bifidobacterium hapali 64:94 nov. and Bifidobacterium hapali sp. 26515885 14 26 theme 100201T = JCM 1988:2000 arg1 30798T 2002:2007 type strain MRM_5.18T = DSM 100201T = JCM 30798T 1960:2007 type strain MRM_5.18T = DSM 100201T = JCM 30798T 1960:2007 nov. (type strain MRM_5.18T = DSM 100201T = JCM 30798T) are proposed. 26515885 14 26 theme 100201T = JCM 1988:2000 arg1 nov 1954:1956 nov 1954:1956 nov 1954:1956 nov. (type strain MRM_5.18T = DSM 100201T = JCM 30798T) are proposed. 26515885 12 27 theme type 1788:1791 arg1 30796T 1829:1834 type strain MRM_5.9T = DSM 100196T = JCM 30796T 1788:1834 type strain MRM_5.9T = DSM 100196T = JCM 30796T 1788:1834 nov. (type strain MRM_5.9T = DSM 100196T = JCM 30796T), Bifidobacterium hapali sp. 26515885 12 27 theme type 1788:1791 arg1 nov 1782:1784 nov 1782:1784 nov 1782:1784 nov. (type strain MRM_5.9T = DSM 100196T = JCM 30796T), Bifidobacterium hapali sp. 26515885 9 28 theme  1ω9c 1460:1464 arg1 dimethylacetal 1466:1479  1ω9c dimethylacetal 1460:1479  1ω9c dimethylacetal 1460:1479 The major cellular fatty acids of MRM_5.9T were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c dimethylacetal, while C16 : 0 was prominent in strains MRM_5.18T and MRM_8.14T, followed by C18 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0. 26515885 12 29 dep sp 1861:1862 arg1 30796T 1829:1834 type strain MRM_5.9T = DSM 100196T = JCM 30796T 1788:1834 type strain MRM_5.9T = DSM 100196T = JCM 30796T 1788:1834 nov. (type strain MRM_5.9T = DSM 100196T = JCM 30796T), Bifidobacterium hapali sp. 26515885 12 29 dep sp 1861:1862 arg1 nov 1782:1784 nov 1782:1784 nov 1782:1784 nov. (type strain MRM_5.9T = DSM 100196T = JCM 30796T), Bifidobacterium hapali sp. 26515885 8 30 theme G+C 1329:1331 arg1 contents 1333:1340 DNA G+C contents 1325:1340 DNA G+C contents of 64.9-65.1, 56.4-56.7 and 63.1-63.7 mol% 1325:1383 Clusters I, II and III respectively showed DNA G+C contents of 64.9-65.1, 56.4-56.7 and 63.1-63.7 mol%. 26515885 11 31 theme myosotis 1769:1776 arg1 sp 1778:1779 Bifidobacterium myosotis sp 1753:1779 Bifidobacterium myosotis sp 1753:1779 Based on the data provided, the clusters represent three novel species, for which the names Bifidobacterium myosotis sp. 26515885 0 32 theme Bifidobacterium 0:14 arg1 sp 25:26 Bifidobacterium myosotis sp 0:26 Bifidobacterium myosotis sp. 0:27 Bifidobacterium myosotis sp. 26515885 7 33 dep strains 1211:1217 arg1 23968T 1274:1279 B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T 1250:1279 B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T 1250:1279 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 7 33 dep strains 1211:1217 arg1 23973T 1239:1244 B. callitrichos DSM 23973T 1219:1244 B. callitrichos DSM 23973T 1219:1244 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 7 33 dep strains 1211:1217 arg1 strains 1211:1217 the related type strains 1194:1217 the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T 1194:1279 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 4 34 theme World 236:240 arg1 monkeys 242:248 New World monkeys 232:248 New World monkeys 232:248 In a previous study on bifidobacterial distribution in New World monkeys, six strains belonging to the Bifidobacteriaceae were isolated from faecal samples of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.). 26515885 6 35 theme stellenboschense 1014:1029 arg1 DSM 1031:1033 Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T 998:1040 Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T 998:1040 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 6 36 theme Comparative 504:514 arg1 analysis 516:523 Comparative analysis 504:523 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 504:550 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 13 37 dep sp 1950:1951 arg1 30799T 1913:1918 type strain MRM_8.14T = DSM 100202T = JCM 30799T 1871:1918 type strain MRM_8.14T = DSM 100202T = JCM 30799T 1871:1918 nov. (type strain MRM_8.14T = DSM 100202T = JCM 30799T) and Bifidobacterium tissieri sp. 26515885 13 37 dep sp 1950:1951 arg1 nov 1865:1867 nov 1865:1867 nov 1865:1867 nov. (type strain MRM_8.14T = DSM 100202T = JCM 30799T) and Bifidobacterium tissieri sp. 26515885 13 37 dep sp 1950:1951 arg1 tissieri 1941:1948 Bifidobacterium tissieri 1925:1948 Bifidobacterium tissieri 1925:1948 nov. (type strain MRM_8.14T = DSM 100202T = JCM 30799T) and Bifidobacterium tissieri sp. 26515885 3 38 dep jacchus 164:170 arg1 L 172:172 L 172:172 Callithrix jacchus L. 153:173 nov., isolated from faeces of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.). 26515885 7 39 theme independent 1119:1129 arg1 position 1144:1151 an independent phylogenetic position 1116:1151 an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster 1116:1167 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 11 40 dep sp 1778:1779 arg1 names 1747:1751 the names 1743:1751 the names 1743:1751 Based on the data provided, the clusters represent three novel species, for which the names Bifidobacterium myosotis sp. 26515885 4 41 theme faecal 318:323 arg1 samples 325:331 faecal samples 318:331 faecal samples of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.) 318:380 In a previous study on bifidobacterial distribution in New World monkeys, six strains belonging to the Bifidobacteriaceae were isolated from faecal samples of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.). 26515885 7 42 theme DSM 1270:1272 arg1 23968T 1274:1279 B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T 1250:1279 B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T 1250:1279 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 7 42 theme DSM 1270:1272 arg1 strains 1211:1217 the related type strains 1194:1217 the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T 1194:1279 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 13 43 theme strain 1876:1881 arg1 30799T 1913:1918 type strain MRM_8.14T = DSM 100202T = JCM 30799T 1871:1918 type strain MRM_8.14T = DSM 100202T = JCM 30799T 1871:1918 nov. (type strain MRM_8.14T = DSM 100202T = JCM 30799T) and Bifidobacterium tissieri sp. 26515885 13 43 theme strain 1876:1881 arg1 nov 1865:1867 nov 1865:1867 nov 1865:1867 nov. (type strain MRM_8.14T = DSM 100202T = JCM 30799T) and Bifidobacterium tissieri sp. 26515885 4 44 from distribution 216:227 arg1 monkeys 242:248 New World monkeys 232:248 New World monkeys 232:248 In a previous study on bifidobacterial distribution in New World monkeys, six strains belonging to the Bifidobacteriaceae were isolated from faecal samples of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.). 26515885 8 45 theme % 1383:1383 arg1 contents 1333:1340 DNA G+C contents 1325:1340 DNA G+C contents of 64.9-65.1, 56.4-56.7 and 63.1-63.7 mol% 1325:1383 Clusters I, II and III respectively showed DNA G+C contents of 64.9-65.1, 56.4-56.7 and 63.1-63.7 mol%. 26515885 6 46 theme cluster 728:734 arg1 strains 717:723 strains 717:723 strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) 717:801 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 11 47 theme novel 1718:1722 arg1 species 1724:1730 three novel species 1712:1730 three novel species 1712:1730 Based on the data provided, the clusters represent three novel species, for which the names Bifidobacterium myosotis sp. 26515885 6 48 dep % 837:837 arg1 96.4 823:826 96.4 823:826 96.4 823:826 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 6 48 dep % 837:837 arg1 96.7  832:836 96.7  832:836 96.7  832:836 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 6 49 theme % 982:982 arg1 similarity 984:993 95.4 % similarity 977:993 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T 977:1040 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 6 50 theme Bifidobacterium 876:890 arg1 23973T 909:914 Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T 876:914 Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T 876:914 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 1 51 theme tissieri 51:58 arg1 sp 60:61 Bifidobacterium tissieri sp 35:61 Bifidobacterium tissieri sp 35:61 nov., Bifidobacterium tissieri sp. 26515885 1 51 theme tissieri 51:58 arg1 nov. 29:32 nov. 29:32 nov. 29:32 nov., Bifidobacterium tissieri sp. 26515885 14 52 theme strain 1965:1970 arg1 30798T 2002:2007 type strain MRM_5.18T = DSM 100201T = JCM 30798T 1960:2007 type strain MRM_5.18T = DSM 100201T = JCM 30798T 1960:2007 nov. (type strain MRM_5.18T = DSM 100201T = JCM 30798T) are proposed. 26515885 14 52 theme strain 1965:1970 arg1 nov 1954:1956 nov 1954:1956 nov 1954:1956 nov. (type strain MRM_5.18T = DSM 100201T = JCM 30798T) are proposed. 26515885 6 53 theme sequences 542:550 arg1 analysis 516:523 Comparative analysis 504:523 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 504:550 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 7 54 theme clpC 1086:1089 arg1 analysis 1056:1063 Phylogenetic analysis 1043:1063 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences 1043:1104 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 10 55 theme growth 1607:1612 arg1 parameters 1614:1623 growth parameters 1607:1623 growth parameters 1607:1623 Biochemical profiles and growth parameters were recorded for all the isolates. 26515885 6 56 theme rRNA 532:535 arg1 sequences 542:550 16S rRNA gene sequences 528:550 16S rRNA gene sequences 528:550 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 7 57 theme hsp60 1076:1080 arg1 analysis 1056:1063 Phylogenetic analysis 1043:1063 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences 1043:1104 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 6 58 theme gene 848:851 arg1 similarity 862:871 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 823:871 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T 823:914 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 6 59 from isolates 677:684 arg1 clusters 707:714 three independent clusters 689:714 three independent clusters 689:714 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 6 60 theme cluster 766:772 arg1 strains 717:723 strains 717:723 strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) 717:801 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 9 61 theme major 1390:1394 arg1 acids 1411:1415 The major cellular fatty acids 1386:1415 The major cellular fatty acids of MRM_5.9T 1386:1427 The major cellular fatty acids of MRM_5.9T were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c dimethylacetal, while C16 : 0 was prominent in strains MRM_5.18T and MRM_8.14T, followed by C18 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0. 26515885 9 61 theme major 1390:1394 arg1 C14  1434:1437 C14  1434:1437 C14  1434:1437 The major cellular fatty acids of MRM_5.9T were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c dimethylacetal, while C16 : 0 was prominent in strains MRM_5.18T and MRM_8.14T, followed by C18 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0. 26515885 6 62 theme 16S 839:841 arg1 similarity 862:871 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 823:871 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T 823:914 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 4 63 theme common 341:346 arg1 marmosets 348:356 baby common marmosets 336:356 baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.) 336:380 In a previous study on bifidobacterial distribution in New World monkeys, six strains belonging to the Bifidobacteriaceae were isolated from faecal samples of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.). 26515885 9 64 dep strains 1513:1519 arg1 strains 1513:1519 strains MRM_5.18T and MRM_8.14T 1513:1543 strains MRM_5.18T and MRM_8.14T 1513:1543 The major cellular fatty acids of MRM_5.9T were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c dimethylacetal, while C16 : 0 was prominent in strains MRM_5.18T and MRM_8.14T, followed by C18 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0. 26515885 9 64 dep strains 1513:1519 arg1 MRM_8.14T 1535:1543 MRM_8.14T 1535:1543 MRM_8.14T 1535:1543 The major cellular fatty acids of MRM_5.9T were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c dimethylacetal, while C16 : 0 was prominent in strains MRM_5.18T and MRM_8.14T, followed by C18 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0. 26515885 9 64 dep strains 1513:1519 arg1 MRM_5.18T 1521:1529 MRM_5.18T 1521:1529 MRM_5.18T 1521:1529 The major cellular fatty acids of MRM_5.9T were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c dimethylacetal, while C16 : 0 was prominent in strains MRM_5.18T and MRM_8.14T, followed by C18 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0. 26515885 7 65 dep hsp60 1076:1080 arg1 sequences 1096:1104 gene sequences 1091:1104 gene sequences 1091:1104 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 7 66 theme Phylogenetic 1043:1054 arg1 analysis 1056:1063 Phylogenetic analysis 1043:1063 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences 1043:1104 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 9 67 theme fatty 1405:1409 arg1 acids 1411:1415 The major cellular fatty acids 1386:1415 The major cellular fatty acids of MRM_5.9T 1386:1427 The major cellular fatty acids of MRM_5.9T were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c dimethylacetal, while C16 : 0 was prominent in strains MRM_5.18T and MRM_8.14T, followed by C18 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0. 26515885 9 67 theme fatty 1405:1409 arg1 C14  1434:1437 C14  1434:1437 C14  1434:1437 The major cellular fatty acids of MRM_5.9T were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c dimethylacetal, while C16 : 0 was prominent in strains MRM_5.18T and MRM_8.14T, followed by C18 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0. 26515885 6 68 theme cluster 934:940 arg1 strains 923:929 strains 923:929 strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) 923:968 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 6 69 theme maximum 598:604 arg1 % 618:618 maximum identity 96 % 598:618 maximum identity 96 % 598:618 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 6 69 theme maximum 598:604 arg1 similarity 586:595 similarity 586:595 similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium 586:659 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 2 70 theme nov. 64:67 arg1 hapali 89:94 nov. and Bifidobacterium hapali 64:94 nov. and Bifidobacterium hapali 64:94 nov. and Bifidobacterium hapali sp. 26515885 12 71 theme hapali 1854:1859 arg1 sp 1861:1862 Bifidobacterium hapali sp 1838:1862 Bifidobacterium hapali sp 1838:1862 nov. (type strain MRM_5.9T = DSM 100196T = JCM 30796T), Bifidobacterium hapali sp. 26515885 6 72 theme similarity 586:595 arg1 levels 576:581 relatively low levels 561:581 relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium 561:659 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 7 73 theme B. 1250:1251 arg1 23968T 1274:1279 B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T 1250:1279 B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T 1250:1279 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 7 73 theme B. 1250:1251 arg1 strains 1211:1217 the related type strains 1194:1217 the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T 1194:1279 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 12 74 theme MRM_5.9T = DSM 1800:1813 arg1 30796T 1829:1834 type strain MRM_5.9T = DSM 100196T = JCM 30796T 1788:1834 type strain MRM_5.9T = DSM 100196T = JCM 30796T 1788:1834 nov. (type strain MRM_5.9T = DSM 100196T = JCM 30796T), Bifidobacterium hapali sp. 26515885 12 74 theme MRM_5.9T = DSM 1800:1813 arg1 nov 1782:1784 nov 1782:1784 nov 1782:1784 nov. (type strain MRM_5.9T = DSM 100196T = JCM 30796T), Bifidobacterium hapali sp. 26515885 6 75 theme DSM 905:907 arg1 23973T 909:914 Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T 876:914 Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T 876:914 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 6 76 theme Bifidobacterium 645:659 arg1 members 624:630 members 624:630 members of the genus Bifidobacterium 624:659 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 2 77 theme Bifidobacterium 73:87 arg1 hapali 89:94 nov. and Bifidobacterium hapali 64:94 nov. and Bifidobacterium hapali 64:94 nov. and Bifidobacterium hapali sp. 26515885 6 78 theme 95.4  977:981 arg1 similarity 984:993 95.4 % similarity 977:993 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T 977:1040 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 13 79 theme 100202T = JCM 1899:1911 arg1 30799T 1913:1918 type strain MRM_8.14T = DSM 100202T = JCM 30799T 1871:1918 type strain MRM_8.14T = DSM 100202T = JCM 30799T 1871:1918 nov. (type strain MRM_8.14T = DSM 100202T = JCM 30799T) and Bifidobacterium tissieri sp. 26515885 13 79 theme 100202T = JCM 1899:1911 arg1 nov 1865:1867 nov 1865:1867 nov 1865:1867 nov. (type strain MRM_8.14T = DSM 100202T = JCM 30799T) and Bifidobacterium tissieri sp. 26515885 6 80 dep cluster 934:940 arg1 MRM_8.14T 946:954 MRM_8.14T 946:954 MRM_8.14T 946:954 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 6 80 dep cluster 934:940 arg1 MRM_9.14 960:967 MRM_9.14 960:967 MRM_9.14 960:967 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 3 81 theme baby 130:133 arg1 marmosets 142:150 baby common marmosets 130:150 baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.) 130:174 nov., isolated from faeces of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.). 26515885 5 82 dep Gram-positive-staining 405:426 arg1 phosphoketolase-positive 478:501 phosphoketolase-positive 478:501 phosphoketolase-positive 478:501 All the isolates were Gram-positive-staining, anaerobic, asporogenous and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive. 26515885 5 82 dep Gram-positive-staining 405:426 arg1 Gram-positive-staining 405:426 Gram-positive-staining 405:426 Gram-positive-staining 405:426 All the isolates were Gram-positive-staining, anaerobic, asporogenous and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive. 26515885 5 82 dep Gram-positive-staining 405:426 arg1 isolates 391:398 All the isolates 383:398 All the isolates 383:398 All the isolates were Gram-positive-staining, anaerobic, asporogenous and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive. 26515885 4 83 dep jacchus 370:376 arg1 L 378:378 L 378:378 Callithrix jacchus L. 359:379 In a previous study on bifidobacterial distribution in New World monkeys, six strains belonging to the Bifidobacteriaceae were isolated from faecal samples of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.). 26515885 12 84 theme strain 1793:1798 arg1 30796T 1829:1834 type strain MRM_5.9T = DSM 100196T = JCM 30796T 1788:1834 type strain MRM_5.9T = DSM 100196T = JCM 30796T 1788:1834 nov. (type strain MRM_5.9T = DSM 100196T = JCM 30796T), Bifidobacterium hapali sp. 26515885 12 84 theme strain 1793:1798 arg1 nov 1782:1784 nov 1782:1784 nov 1782:1784 nov. (type strain MRM_5.9T = DSM 100196T = JCM 30796T), Bifidobacterium hapali sp. 26515885 4 85 theme previous 182:189 arg1 study 191:195 a previous study 180:195 a previous study on bifidobacterial distribution in New World monkeys 180:248 In a previous study on bifidobacterial distribution in New World monkeys, six strains belonging to the Bifidobacteriaceae were isolated from faecal samples of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.). 26515885 14 86 theme MRM_5.18T = DSM 1972:1986 arg1 30798T 2002:2007 type strain MRM_5.18T = DSM 100201T = JCM 30798T 1960:2007 type strain MRM_5.18T = DSM 100201T = JCM 30798T 1960:2007 nov. (type strain MRM_5.18T = DSM 100201T = JCM 30798T) are proposed. 26515885 14 86 theme MRM_5.18T = DSM 1972:1986 arg1 nov 1954:1956 nov 1954:1956 nov 1954:1956 nov. (type strain MRM_5.18T = DSM 100201T = JCM 30798T) are proposed. 26515885 3 87 theme marmosets 142:150 arg1 faeces 120:125 faeces 120:125 faeces of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.) 120:174 nov., isolated from faeces of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.). 26515885 6 88 theme independent 695:705 arg1 clusters 707:714 three independent clusters 689:714 three independent clusters 689:714 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 7 89 theme cluster 1161:1167 arg1 position 1144:1151 an independent phylogenetic position 1116:1151 an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster 1116:1167 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 4 90 attach isolated 304:311 arg2 strains 255:261 six strains 251:261 six strains belonging to the Bifidobacteriaceae 251:297 In a previous study on bifidobacterial distribution in New World monkeys, six strains belonging to the Bifidobacteriaceae were isolated from faecal samples of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.). 26515885 4 90 attach isolated 304:311 arg1 samples 325:331 faecal samples 318:331 faecal samples of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.) 318:380 In a previous study on bifidobacterial distribution in New World monkeys, six strains belonging to the Bifidobacteriaceae were isolated from faecal samples of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.). 26515885 14 91 theme type 1960:1963 arg1 30798T 2002:2007 type strain MRM_5.18T = DSM 100201T = JCM 30798T 1960:2007 type strain MRM_5.18T = DSM 100201T = JCM 30798T 1960:2007 nov. (type strain MRM_5.18T = DSM 100201T = JCM 30798T) are proposed. 26515885 14 91 theme type 1960:1963 arg1 nov 1954:1956 nov 1954:1956 nov 1954:1956 nov. (type strain MRM_5.18T = DSM 100201T = JCM 30798T) are proposed. 26515885 0 92 theme myosotis 16:23 arg1 sp 25:26 Bifidobacterium myosotis sp 0:26 Bifidobacterium myosotis sp. 0:27 Bifidobacterium myosotis sp. 26515885 8 93 theme DNA 1325:1327 arg1 contents 1333:1340 DNA G+C contents 1325:1340 DNA G+C contents of 64.9-65.1, 56.4-56.7 and 63.1-63.7 mol% 1325:1383 Clusters I, II and III respectively showed DNA G+C contents of 64.9-65.1, 56.4-56.7 and 63.1-63.7 mol%. 26515885 7 94 theme phylogenetic 1131:1142 arg1 position 1144:1151 an independent phylogenetic position 1116:1151 an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster 1116:1167 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 7 95 dep B. 1219:1220 arg1 callitrichos 1222:1233 callitrichos 1222:1233 callitrichos 1222:1233 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 4 96 theme New 232:234 arg1 monkeys 242:248 New World monkeys 232:248 New World monkeys 232:248 In a previous study on bifidobacterial distribution in New World monkeys, six strains belonging to the Bifidobacteriaceae were isolated from faecal samples of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.). 26515885 6 97 theme Bifidobacterium 998:1012 arg1 DSM 1031:1033 Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T 998:1040 Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T 998:1040 Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, and placed the isolates in three independent clusters: strains of cluster I (MRM_5.9T and MRM_5.10) and cluster III (MRM_5.18T and MRM_9.02) respectively showed 96.4 and 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973T, while strains of cluster II (MRM_8.14T and MRM_9.14) showed 95.4 % similarity to Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 4 98 from study 191:195 arg1 distribution 216:227 bifidobacterial distribution 200:227 bifidobacterial distribution in New World monkeys 200:248 In a previous study on bifidobacterial distribution in New World monkeys, six strains belonging to the Bifidobacteriaceae were isolated from faecal samples of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus L.). 26515885 9 99 from prominent 1500:1508 arg1 strains 1513:1519 strains MRM_5.18T and MRM_8.14T 1513:1543 strains MRM_5.18T and MRM_8.14T 1513:1543 The major cellular fatty acids of MRM_5.9T were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c dimethylacetal, while C16 : 0 was prominent in strains MRM_5.18T and MRM_8.14T, followed by C18 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0. 26515885 9 99 from prominent 1500:1508 arg1 MRM_8.14T 1535:1543 MRM_8.14T 1535:1543 MRM_8.14T 1535:1543 The major cellular fatty acids of MRM_5.9T were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c dimethylacetal, while C16 : 0 was prominent in strains MRM_5.18T and MRM_8.14T, followed by C18 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0. 26515885 9 99 from prominent 1500:1508 arg1 MRM_5.18T 1521:1529 MRM_5.18T 1521:1529 MRM_5.18T 1521:1529 The major cellular fatty acids of MRM_5.9T were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c dimethylacetal, while C16 : 0 was prominent in strains MRM_5.18T and MRM_8.14T, followed by C18 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0. 26515885 7 100 theme stellenboschense 1253:1268 arg1 23968T 1274:1279 B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T 1250:1279 B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T 1250:1279 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 7 100 theme stellenboschense 1253:1268 arg1 strains 1211:1217 the related type strains 1194:1217 the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T 1194:1279 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 8 101 theme 64.9-65.1 1345:1353 arg1 contents 1333:1340 DNA G+C contents 1325:1340 DNA G+C contents of 64.9-65.1, 56.4-56.7 and 63.1-63.7 mol% 1325:1383 Clusters I, II and III respectively showed DNA G+C contents of 64.9-65.1, 56.4-56.7 and 63.1-63.7 mol%. 26515885 13 102 theme type 1871:1874 arg1 30799T 1913:1918 type strain MRM_8.14T = DSM 100202T = JCM 30799T 1871:1918 type strain MRM_8.14T = DSM 100202T = JCM 30799T 1871:1918 nov. (type strain MRM_8.14T = DSM 100202T = JCM 30799T) and Bifidobacterium tissieri sp. 26515885 13 102 theme type 1871:1874 arg1 nov 1865:1867 nov 1865:1867 nov 1865:1867 nov. (type strain MRM_8.14T = DSM 100202T = JCM 30799T) and Bifidobacterium tissieri sp. 26515885 8 103 theme 56.4-56.7 1356:1364 arg1 contents 1333:1340 DNA G+C contents 1325:1340 DNA G+C contents of 64.9-65.1, 56.4-56.7 and 63.1-63.7 mol% 1325:1383 Clusters I, II and III respectively showed DNA G+C contents of 64.9-65.1, 56.4-56.7 and 63.1-63.7 mol%. 26515885 13 104 theme MRM_8.14T = DSM 1883:1897 arg1 30799T 1913:1918 type strain MRM_8.14T = DSM 100202T = JCM 30799T 1871:1918 type strain MRM_8.14T = DSM 100202T = JCM 30799T 1871:1918 nov. (type strain MRM_8.14T = DSM 100202T = JCM 30799T) and Bifidobacterium tissieri sp. 26515885 13 104 theme MRM_8.14T = DSM 1883:1897 arg1 nov 1865:1867 nov 1865:1867 nov 1865:1867 nov. (type strain MRM_8.14T = DSM 100202T = JCM 30799T) and Bifidobacterium tissieri sp. 26515885 10 105 theme Biochemical 1582:1592 arg1 profiles 1594:1601 Biochemical profiles 1582:1601 Biochemical profiles 1582:1601 Biochemical profiles and growth parameters were recorded for all the isolates. 26515885 7 106 theme DSM 1235:1237 arg1 23973T 1239:1244 B. callitrichos DSM 23973T 1219:1244 B. callitrichos DSM 23973T 1219:1244 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 7 106 theme DSM 1235:1237 arg1 strains 1211:1217 the related type strains 1194:1217 the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T 1194:1279 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 1 107 theme Bifidobacterium 35:49 arg1 sp 60:61 Bifidobacterium tissieri sp 35:61 Bifidobacterium tissieri sp 35:61 nov., Bifidobacterium tissieri sp. 26515885 1 107 theme Bifidobacterium 35:49 arg1 nov. 29:32 nov. 29:32 nov. 29:32 nov., Bifidobacterium tissieri sp. 26515885 7 108 theme B. 1219:1220 arg1 23973T 1239:1244 B. callitrichos DSM 23973T 1219:1244 B. callitrichos DSM 23973T 1219:1244 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 7 108 theme B. 1219:1220 arg1 strains 1211:1217 the related type strains 1194:1217 the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T 1194:1279 Phylogenetic analysis of partial hsp60 and clpC gene sequences supported an independent phylogenetic position of each cluster from each other and from the related type strains B. callitrichos DSM 23973T and B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T. 26515885 11 109 theme Bifidobacterium 1753:1767 arg1 sp 1778:1779 Bifidobacterium myosotis sp 1753:1779 Bifidobacterium myosotis sp 1753:1779 Based on the data provided, the clusters represent three novel species, for which the names Bifidobacterium myosotis sp. 25829330 3 0 theme optimum 242:248 arg1 °C 253:254 optimum 35 °C 242:254 optimum 35 °C 242:254 Strain FJAT-14571(T) grew at 20-40 °C (optimum 35 °C), pH 6-10 (optimum pH 8) and 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%). 25829330 3 0 theme optimum 242:248 arg1 °C 238:239 20-40 °C 232:239 20-40 °C (optimum 35 °C) 232:255 Strain FJAT-14571(T) grew at 20-40 °C (optimum 35 °C), pH 6-10 (optimum pH 8) and 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%). 25829330 4 1 theme 16S 346:348 arg1 sequences 360:368 16S rRNA gene sequences 346:368 16S rRNA gene sequences 346:368 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-14571(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) (96.2%). 25829330 6 2 theme meso-diaminopimelic 704:722 arg1 acid 650:653 The diagnostic diamino acid 627:653 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain FJAT-14571(T) 627:698 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain FJAT-14571(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 (96.6%). 25829330 6 2 theme meso-diaminopimelic 704:722 arg1 acid 724:727 meso-diaminopimelic acid 704:727 meso-diaminopimelic acid 704:727 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain FJAT-14571(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 (96.6%). 25829330 2 3 dep Gram-stain-positive 74:92 arg1 aerobic 126:132 aerobic 126:132 aerobic 126:132 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-14571(T)) was isolated from a soil sample in Taiwan. 25829330 2 3 dep Gram-stain-positive 74:92 arg1 endospore-forming 107:123 endospore-forming 107:123 endospore-forming 107:123 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-14571(T)) was isolated from a soil sample in Taiwan. 25829330 2 3 dep Gram-stain-positive 74:92 arg1 rod-shaped 95:104 rod-shaped 95:104 rod-shaped 95:104 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-14571(T)) was isolated from a soil sample in Taiwan. 25829330 10 4 dep FJAT-14571 1174:1183 arg1 DSM 1192:1194  = DSM 1189:1194  = DSM 27845(T) = CGMCC1.1 2698(T) 1189:1222 The type strain is FJAT-14571(T) ( = DSM 27845(T) = CGMCC1.1 2698(T)). 25829330 5 5 theme DNA-DNA 517:523 arg1 relatedness 525:535 DNA-DNA relatedness 517:535 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14571(T) and B. oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) 517:600 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14571(T) and B. oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) was low (32.0% ± 0.88%). 25829330 4 6 theme gene 355:358 arg1 sequences 360:368 16S rRNA gene sequences 346:368 16S rRNA gene sequences 346:368 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-14571(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) (96.2%). 25829330 4 7 theme oceanisediminis 479:493 arg1 % 513:513 96.2% 509:513 96.2% 509:513 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-14571(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) (96.2%). 25829330 4 7 theme oceanisediminis 479:493 arg1 DSM 495:497 Bacillus oceanisediminis DSM 24771 470:503 Bacillus oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) (96.2%) 470:514 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-14571(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) (96.2%). 25829330 4 7 theme oceanisediminis 479:493 arg1 T 505:505 T 505:505 T 505:505 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-14571(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) (96.2%). 25829330 6 8 theme diagnostic 631:640 arg1 acid 650:653 The diagnostic diamino acid 627:653 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain FJAT-14571(T) 627:698 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain FJAT-14571(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 (96.6%). 25829330 6 8 theme diagnostic 631:640 arg1 acid 724:727 meso-diaminopimelic acid 704:727 meso-diaminopimelic acid 704:727 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain FJAT-14571(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 (96.6%). 25829330 1 9 theme soil 47:50 arg1 sample 52:57 a soil sample 45:57 a soil sample from Taiwan 45:69 nov., isolated from a soil sample from Taiwan. 25829330 5 10 theme % 615:615 arg1 % 623:623 32.0% ± 0.88% 611:623 32.0% ± 0.88% 611:623 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14571(T) and B. oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) was low (32.0% ± 0.88%). 25829330 4 11 theme Phylogenetic 315:326 arg1 analyses 328:335 Phylogenetic analyses 315:335 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 315:368 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-14571(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) (96.2%). 25829330 2 12 attach isolated 164:171 arg1 sample 185:190 a soil sample 178:190 a soil sample in Taiwan 178:200 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-14571(T)) was isolated from a soil sample in Taiwan. 25829330 2 12 attach isolated 164:171 arg2 FJAT-14571 145:154 FJAT-14571 145:154 FJAT-14571(T) 145:157 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-14571(T)) was isolated from a soil sample in Taiwan. 25829330 2 12 attach isolated 164:171 arg2 bacterium 134:142 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 72:142 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-14571(T)) 72:158 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-14571(T)) was isolated from a soil sample in Taiwan. 25829330 5 13 theme strain 545:550 arg1 T 563:563 T 563:563 T 563:563 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14571(T) and B. oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) was low (32.0% ± 0.88%). 25829330 5 13 theme strain 545:550 arg1 FJAT-14571 552:561 strain FJAT-14571 545:561 strain FJAT-14571(T) 545:564 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14571(T) and B. oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) was low (32.0% ± 0.88%). 25829330 8 14 theme Bacillus 1112:1119 arg1 sp 1133:1134 name Bacillus taiwanensis sp 1107:1134 the name Bacillus taiwanensis sp 1103:1134 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that strain FJAT-14571(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus taiwanensis sp. 25829330 8 15 dep genus 1077:1081 arg1 Bacillus 1083:1090 the genus Bacillus 1073:1090 the genus Bacillus 1073:1090 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that strain FJAT-14571(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus taiwanensis sp. 25829330 3 16 theme optimum 302:308 arg1 % 311:311 optimum 0% 302:311 optimum 0% 302:311 Strain FJAT-14571(T) grew at 20-40 °C (optimum 35 °C), pH 6-10 (optimum pH 8) and 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%). 25829330 3 16 theme optimum 302:308 arg1 NaCl 296:299 0-2% (w/v) NaCl 285:299 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%) 285:312 Strain FJAT-14571(T) grew at 20-40 °C (optimum 35 °C), pH 6-10 (optimum pH 8) and 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%). 25829330 0 17 theme taiwanensis 9:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Bacillus taiwanensis sp 0:22 Bacillus taiwanensis sp. 0:23 Bacillus taiwanensis sp. 25829330 8 18 theme name 1107:1110 arg1 sp 1133:1134 name Bacillus taiwanensis sp 1107:1134 the name Bacillus taiwanensis sp 1103:1134 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that strain FJAT-14571(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus taiwanensis sp. 25829330 7 19 theme fatty 798:802 arg1 0 825:825 0 825:825 0 825:825 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (46.4%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.6%), iso-C17 : 0 (8.2%) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.0 %) and the DNA G+C content was 40.8 mol%. 25829330 7 19 theme fatty 798:802 arg1 acids 804:808 The major cellular fatty acids 779:808 The major cellular fatty acids 779:808 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (46.4%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.6%), iso-C17 : 0 (8.2%) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.0 %) and the DNA G+C content was 40.8 mol%. 25829330 2 20 from sample 185:190 arg1 Taiwan 195:200 Taiwan 195:200 Taiwan 195:200 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-14571(T)) was isolated from a soil sample in Taiwan. 25829330 7 21 theme DNA 912:914 arg1 % 940:940 40.8 mol% 932:940 40.8 mol% 932:940 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (46.4%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.6%), iso-C17 : 0 (8.2%) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.0 %) and the DNA G+C content was 40.8 mol%. 25829330 7 21 theme DNA 912:914 arg1 content 920:926 the DNA G+C content 908:926 the DNA G+C content 908:926 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (46.4%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.6%), iso-C17 : 0 (8.2%) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.0 %) and the DNA G+C content was 40.8 mol%. 25829330 0 22 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 21:22 Bacillus taiwanensis sp 0:22 Bacillus taiwanensis sp. 0:23 Bacillus taiwanensis sp. 25829330 5 23 dep B. 570:571 arg1 oceanisediminis 573:587 oceanisediminis 573:587 oceanisediminis 573:587 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14571(T) and B. oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) was low (32.0% ± 0.88%). 25829330 5 24 theme ± 617:617 arg1 % 623:623 32.0% ± 0.88% 611:623 32.0% ± 0.88% 611:623 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14571(T) and B. oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) was low (32.0% ± 0.88%). 25829330 7 25 theme G+C 916:918 arg1 % 940:940 40.8 mol% 932:940 40.8 mol% 932:940 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (46.4%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.6%), iso-C17 : 0 (8.2%) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.0 %) and the DNA G+C content was 40.8 mol%. 25829330 7 25 theme G+C 916:918 arg1 content 920:926 the DNA G+C content 908:926 the DNA G+C content 908:926 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (46.4%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.6%), iso-C17 : 0 (8.2%) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.0 %) and the DNA G+C content was 40.8 mol%. 25829330 3 26 theme optimum 267:273 arg1 pH 258:259 pH 6-10 258:264 pH 6-10 (optimum pH 8) 258:279 Strain FJAT-14571(T) grew at 20-40 °C (optimum 35 °C), pH 6-10 (optimum pH 8) and 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%). 25829330 3 26 theme optimum 267:273 arg1 pH 8 275:278 optimum pH 8 267:278 optimum pH 8 267:278 Strain FJAT-14571(T) grew at 20-40 °C (optimum 35 °C), pH 6-10 (optimum pH 8) and 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%). 25829330 8 27 theme taiwanensis 1121:1131 arg1 sp 1133:1134 name Bacillus taiwanensis sp 1107:1134 the name Bacillus taiwanensis sp 1103:1134 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that strain FJAT-14571(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus taiwanensis sp. 25829330 7 28 theme major 783:787 arg1 0 825:825 0 825:825 0 825:825 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (46.4%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.6%), iso-C17 : 0 (8.2%) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.0 %) and the DNA G+C content was 40.8 mol%. 25829330 7 28 theme major 783:787 arg1 acids 804:808 The major cellular fatty acids 779:808 The major cellular fatty acids 779:808 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (46.4%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.6%), iso-C17 : 0 (8.2%) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.0 %) and the DNA G+C content was 40.8 mol%. 25829330 8 29 theme Phenotypic 943:952 arg1 properties 984:993 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 943:993 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 943:993 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that strain FJAT-14571(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus taiwanensis sp. 25829330 7 30 theme cellular 789:796 arg1 0 825:825 0 825:825 0 825:825 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (46.4%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.6%), iso-C17 : 0 (8.2%) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.0 %) and the DNA G+C content was 40.8 mol%. 25829330 7 30 theme cellular 789:796 arg1 acids 804:808 The major cellular fatty acids 779:808 The major cellular fatty acids 779:808 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (46.4%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.6%), iso-C17 : 0 (8.2%) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.0 %) and the DNA G+C content was 40.8 mol%. 25829330 8 31 theme chemotaxonomic 955:968 arg1 properties 984:993 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 943:993 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 943:993 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that strain FJAT-14571(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus taiwanensis sp. 25829330 10 32 theme = 1205:1205 arg1 DSM 1192:1194  = DSM 1189:1194  = DSM 27845(T) = CGMCC1.1 2698(T) 1189:1222 The type strain is FJAT-14571(T) ( = DSM 27845(T) = CGMCC1.1 2698(T)). 25829330 10 33 theme type 1159:1162 arg1 FJAT-14571 1174:1183 FJAT-14571 1174:1183 FJAT-14571 1174:1183 The type strain is FJAT-14571(T) ( = DSM 27845(T) = CGMCC1.1 2698(T)). 25829330 10 33 theme type 1159:1162 arg1 strain 1164:1169 The type strain 1155:1169 The type strain 1155:1169 The type strain is FJAT-14571(T) ( = DSM 27845(T) = CGMCC1.1 2698(T)). 25829330 10 34 theme  = 1189:1190 arg1 DSM 1192:1194  = DSM 1189:1194  = DSM 27845(T) = CGMCC1.1 2698(T) 1189:1222 The type strain is FJAT-14571(T) ( = DSM 27845(T) = CGMCC1.1 2698(T)). 25829330 3 35 theme w/v 291:293 arg1 % 311:311 optimum 0% 302:311 optimum 0% 302:311 Strain FJAT-14571(T) grew at 20-40 °C (optimum 35 °C), pH 6-10 (optimum pH 8) and 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%). 25829330 3 35 theme w/v 291:293 arg1 NaCl 296:299 0-2% (w/v) NaCl 285:299 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%) 285:312 Strain FJAT-14571(T) grew at 20-40 °C (optimum 35 °C), pH 6-10 (optimum pH 8) and 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%). 25829330 2 36 theme Gram-stain-positive 74:92 arg1 FJAT-14571 145:154 FJAT-14571 145:154 FJAT-14571(T) 145:157 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-14571(T)) was isolated from a soil sample in Taiwan. 25829330 2 36 theme Gram-stain-positive 74:92 arg1 bacterium 134:142 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 72:142 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-14571(T)) 72:158 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-14571(T)) was isolated from a soil sample in Taiwan. 25829330 5 37 theme B. 570:571 arg1 T 599:599 T 599:599 T 599:599 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14571(T) and B. oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) was low (32.0% ± 0.88%). 25829330 5 37 theme B. 570:571 arg1 24771 593:597 B. oceanisediminis DSM 24771 570:597 B. oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) 570:600 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14571(T) and B. oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) was low (32.0% ± 0.88%). 25829330 8 38 theme genotypic 974:982 arg1 properties 984:993 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 943:993 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 943:993 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that strain FJAT-14571(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus taiwanensis sp. 25829330 6 39 theme peptidoglycan 662:674 arg1 acid 650:653 The diagnostic diamino acid 627:653 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain FJAT-14571(T) 627:698 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain FJAT-14571(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 (96.6%). 25829330 6 39 theme peptidoglycan 662:674 arg1 acid 724:727 meso-diaminopimelic acid 704:727 meso-diaminopimelic acid 704:727 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain FJAT-14571(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 (96.6%). 25829330 3 40 theme 0-2 285:287 arg1 % 311:311 optimum 0% 302:311 optimum 0% 302:311 Strain FJAT-14571(T) grew at 20-40 °C (optimum 35 °C), pH 6-10 (optimum pH 8) and 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%). 25829330 3 40 theme 0-2 285:287 arg1 NaCl 296:299 0-2% (w/v) NaCl 285:299 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%) 285:312 Strain FJAT-14571(T) grew at 20-40 °C (optimum 35 °C), pH 6-10 (optimum pH 8) and 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%). 25829330 6 41 theme strain 679:684 arg1 T 697:697 T 697:697 T 697:697 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain FJAT-14571(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 (96.6%). 25829330 6 41 theme strain 679:684 arg1 FJAT-14571 686:695 strain FJAT-14571 679:695 strain FJAT-14571(T) 679:698 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain FJAT-14571(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 (96.6%). 25829330 5 42 theme DSM 589:591 arg1 T 599:599 T 599:599 T 599:599 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14571(T) and B. oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) was low (32.0% ± 0.88%). 25829330 5 42 theme DSM 589:591 arg1 24771 593:597 B. oceanisediminis DSM 24771 570:597 B. oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) 570:600 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14571(T) and B. oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) was low (32.0% ± 0.88%). 25829330 2 43 theme soil 180:183 arg1 sample 185:190 a soil sample 178:190 a soil sample in Taiwan 178:200 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-14571(T)) was isolated from a soil sample in Taiwan. 25829330 3 44 theme % 288:288 arg1 % 311:311 optimum 0% 302:311 optimum 0% 302:311 Strain FJAT-14571(T) grew at 20-40 °C (optimum 35 °C), pH 6-10 (optimum pH 8) and 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%). 25829330 3 44 theme % 288:288 arg1 NaCl 296:299 0-2% (w/v) NaCl 285:299 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%) 285:312 Strain FJAT-14571(T) grew at 20-40 °C (optimum 35 °C), pH 6-10 (optimum pH 8) and 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%). 25829330 10 45 dep = 1205:1205 arg1 T 1221:1221 T 1221:1221 T 1221:1221 The type strain is FJAT-14571(T) ( = DSM 27845(T) = CGMCC1.1 2698(T)). 25829330 10 45 dep = 1205:1205 arg1 2698 1216:1219 CGMCC1.1 2698 1207:1219 CGMCC1.1 2698(T) 1207:1222 The type strain is FJAT-14571(T) ( = DSM 27845(T) = CGMCC1.1 2698(T)). 25829330 4 46 theme strain 382:387 arg1 T 400:400 T 400:400 T 400:400 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-14571(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) (96.2%). 25829330 4 46 theme strain 382:387 arg1 FJAT-14571 389:398 strain FJAT-14571 382:398 strain FJAT-14571(T) 382:401 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-14571(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) (96.2%). 25829330 4 46 theme strain 382:387 arg1 member 409:414 a member 407:414 a member of the genus Bacillus 407:436 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-14571(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) (96.2%). 25829330 6 47 theme FJAT-14571 686:695 arg1 peptidoglycan 662:674 the peptidoglycan 658:674 the peptidoglycan of strain FJAT-14571(T) 658:698 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain FJAT-14571(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 (96.6%). 25829330 8 48 theme novel 1052:1056 arg1 species 1058:1064 a novel species 1050:1064 a novel species 1050:1064 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that strain FJAT-14571(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus taiwanensis sp. 25829330 8 49 theme strain 1018:1023 arg1 T 1036:1036 T 1036:1036 T 1036:1036 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that strain FJAT-14571(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus taiwanensis sp. 25829330 8 49 theme strain 1018:1023 arg1 FJAT-14571 1025:1034 strain FJAT-14571 1018:1034 strain FJAT-14571(T) 1018:1037 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that strain FJAT-14571(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus taiwanensis sp. 25829330 4 50 theme Bacillus 429:436 arg1 FJAT-14571 389:398 strain FJAT-14571 382:398 strain FJAT-14571(T) 382:401 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-14571(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) (96.2%). 25829330 4 50 theme Bacillus 429:436 arg1 member 409:414 a member 407:414 a member of the genus Bacillus 407:436 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-14571(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) (96.2%). 25829330 1 51 from Taiwan 64:69 arg1 sample 52:57 a soil sample 45:57 a soil sample from Taiwan 45:69 nov., isolated from a soil sample from Taiwan. 25829330 7 52 theme 40.8 932:935 arg1 mol 937:939 mol 937:939 mol 937:939 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (46.4%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.6%), iso-C17 : 0 (8.2%) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.0 %) and the DNA G+C content was 40.8 mol%. 25829330 4 53 theme Bacillus 470:477 arg1 % 513:513 96.2% 509:513 96.2% 509:513 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-14571(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) (96.2%). 25829330 4 53 theme Bacillus 470:477 arg1 DSM 495:497 Bacillus oceanisediminis DSM 24771 470:503 Bacillus oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) (96.2%) 470:514 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-14571(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) (96.2%). 25829330 4 53 theme Bacillus 470:477 arg1 T 505:505 T 505:505 T 505:505 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-14571(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) (96.2%). 25829330 6 54 theme diamino 642:648 arg1 acid 650:653 The diagnostic diamino acid 627:653 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain FJAT-14571(T) 627:698 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain FJAT-14571(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 (96.6%). 25829330 6 54 theme diamino 642:648 arg1 acid 724:727 meso-diaminopimelic acid 704:727 meso-diaminopimelic acid 704:727 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain FJAT-14571(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 (96.6%). 25829330 4 55 theme rRNA 350:353 arg1 sequences 360:368 16S rRNA gene sequences 346:368 16S rRNA gene sequences 346:368 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-14571(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) (96.2%). 25829330 5 56 dep low 606:608 arg1 % 623:623 32.0% ± 0.88% 611:623 32.0% ± 0.88% 611:623 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14571(T) and B. oceanisediminis DSM 24771(T) was low (32.0% ± 0.88%). 25829330 6 57 theme predominant 737:747 arg1 menaquinone 749:759 the predominant menaquinone 733:759 the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 (96.6%) 733:776 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain FJAT-14571(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 (96.6%). 25795064 7 0 theme strain 740:745 arg1 NEAU-ST10-40T 747:759 strain NEAU-ST10-40T 740:759 strain NEAU-ST10-40T 740:759 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus ranged from 98.8 % (Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T) to 97.1 % (Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T). 25795064 8 1 theme Halobacillus 1066:1077 arg1 17110T 1093:1098 Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T 1066:1098 Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T 1066:1098 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 1 theme Halobacillus 1066:1077 arg1 values 961:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 927:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 927:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 2 theme Halobacillus 1136:1147 arg1 values 961:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 927:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 927:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 2 theme Halobacillus 1136:1147 arg1 10405T 1163:1168 Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T 1136:1168 Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T 1136:1168 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 6 3 theme genus 668:672 arg1 Halobacillus 674:685 the genus Halobacillus 664:685 the genus Halobacillus 664:685 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that it belonged to the genus Halobacillus. 25795064 7 4 theme similarity 721:730 arg1 Levels 688:693 Levels 688:693 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus 688:825 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus ranged from 98.8 % (Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T) to 97.1 % (Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T). 25795064 8 5 theme DSM 1089:1091 arg1 17110T 1093:1098 Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T 1066:1098 Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T 1066:1098 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 5 theme DSM 1089:1091 arg1 values 961:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 927:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 927:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 6 theme DSM 1159:1161 arg1 values 961:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 927:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 927:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 6 theme DSM 1159:1161 arg1 10405T 1163:1168 Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T 1136:1168 Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T 1136:1168 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 7 7 theme gene 707:710 arg1 similarity 721:730 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 698:730 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus 698:825 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus ranged from 98.8 % (Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T) to 97.1 % (Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T). 25795064 4 8 theme yellow 359:364 arg1 colonies 366:373 light yellow colonies 353:373 light yellow colonies 353:373 It formed light yellow colonies and grew at NaCl concentrations of 3-15 % (w/v) (optimum, 8 %, w/v), at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and at 4-60 °C (optimum, 30 °C). 25795064 10 9 theme major 1431:1435 arg1 acids 1443:1447 The major fatty acids 1427:1447 The major fatty acids (>10 %) 1427:1455 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0, the only respiratory quinone detected was MK-7, and polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. 25795064 10 9 theme major 1431:1435 arg1 % 1454:1454 >10 % 1450:1454 >10 % 1450:1454 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0, the only respiratory quinone detected was MK-7, and polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. 25795064 10 9 theme major 1431:1435 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1462:1474 anteiso-C15:0 1462:1474 anteiso-C15:0 1462:1474 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0, the only respiratory quinone detected was MK-7, and polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. 25795064 7 10 theme 16S 698:700 arg1 similarity 721:730 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 698:730 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus 698:825 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus ranged from 98.8 % (Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T) to 97.1 % (Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T). 25795064 8 11 theme 43 1360:1361 arg1 ± 1363:1363 ± 1363:1363 ± 1363:1363 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 10 12 theme unknown 1660:1666 arg1 phospholipids 1668:1680 two unknown phospholipids 1656:1680 two unknown phospholipids 1656:1680 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0, the only respiratory quinone detected was MK-7, and polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. 25795064 10 12 theme unknown 1660:1666 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1584:1605 diphosphatidylglycerol 1584:1605 diphosphatidylglycerol 1584:1605 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0, the only respiratory quinone detected was MK-7, and polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. 25795064 8 13 dep Halobacillus 1240:1251 arg1 naozhouensis 1253:1264 naozhouensis 1253:1264 naozhouensis 1253:1264 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 14 theme 1 1365:1365 arg1 ± 1373:1373 ± 1373:1373 ± 1373:1373 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 5 15 theme cell-wall 554:562 arg1 peptidoglycan 564:576 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 550:576 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 550:576 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 25795064 13 16 theme = 1925:1925 arg1 25866T 1931:1936  = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T 1907:1936  = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T 1907:1936 The type strain is NEAU-ST10-40T ( = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T). 25795064 13 16 theme = 1925:1925 arg1 NEAU-ST10-40T 1892:1904 NEAU-ST10-40T 1892:1904 NEAU-ST10-40T ( = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T) 1892:1937 The type strain is NEAU-ST10-40T ( = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T). 25795064 13 17 theme DSM 1927:1929 arg1 25866T 1931:1936  = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T 1907:1936  = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T 1907:1936 The type strain is NEAU-ST10-40T ( = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T). 25795064 13 17 theme DSM 1927:1929 arg1 NEAU-ST10-40T 1892:1904 NEAU-ST10-40T 1892:1904 NEAU-ST10-40T ( = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T) 1892:1937 The type strain is NEAU-ST10-40T ( = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T). 25795064 8 18 theme 19 1370:1371 arg1 ± 1373:1373 ± 1373:1373 ± 1373:1373 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 19 theme Halobacillus 1207:1218 arg1 values 961:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 927:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 927:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 19 theme Halobacillus 1207:1218 arg1 18897T 1232:1237 Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T 1207:1237 Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T 1207:1237 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 20 dep Halobacillus 1136:1147 arg1 litoralis 1149:1157 litoralis 1149:1157 litoralis 1149:1157 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 10 21 theme unknown 1692:1698 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1584:1605 diphosphatidylglycerol 1584:1605 diphosphatidylglycerol 1584:1605 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0, the only respiratory quinone detected was MK-7, and polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. 25795064 10 21 theme unknown 1692:1698 arg1 lipids 1700:1705 three unknown lipids 1686:1705 three unknown lipids 1686:1705 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0, the only respiratory quinone detected was MK-7, and polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. 25795064 8 22 theme 1 1375:1375 arg1 ± 1373:1373 ± 1373:1373 ± 1373:1373 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 23 theme DSM 1228:1230 arg1 values 961:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 927:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 927:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 23 theme DSM 1228:1230 arg1 18897T 1232:1237 Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T 1207:1237 Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T 1207:1237 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 7 24 theme Halobacillus 847:858 arg1 FP5T 873:876 Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T 847:876 Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T 847:876 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus ranged from 98.8 % (Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T) to 97.1 % (Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T). 25795064 7 24 theme Halobacillus 847:858 arg1 % 844:844 98.8 % 839:844 98.8 % (Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T) 839:877 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus ranged from 98.8 % (Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T) to 97.1 % (Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T). 25795064 8 25 dep Halobacillus 1315:1326 arg1 salsuginis 1328:1337 salsuginis 1328:1337 salsuginis 1328:1337 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 13 26 theme CGMCC 1910:1914 arg1 25866T 1931:1936  = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T 1907:1936  = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T 1907:1936 The type strain is NEAU-ST10-40T ( = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T). 25795064 13 26 theme CGMCC 1910:1914 arg1 NEAU-ST10-40T 1892:1904 NEAU-ST10-40T 1892:1904 NEAU-ST10-40T ( = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T) 1892:1937 The type strain is NEAU-ST10-40T ( = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T). 25795064 9 27 theme DNA 1396:1398 arg1 % 1424:1424 39.3 mol% 1416:1424 39.3 mol% 1416:1424 The DNA G+C content was 39.3 mol%. 25795064 9 27 theme DNA 1396:1398 arg1 content 1404:1410 The DNA G+C content 1392:1410 The DNA G+C content 1392:1410 The DNA G+C content was 39.3 mol%. 25795064 8 28 theme ± 1385:1385 arg1 sd 1387:1388 mean ± sd 1380:1388 mean ± sd 1380:1388 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 28 theme ± 1385:1385 arg1 % 1377:1377 1 to 19 ± 1 % 1365:1377 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd) 1360:1389 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 13 29 theme type 1877:1880 arg1 NEAU-ST10-40T 1892:1904 NEAU-ST10-40T 1892:1904 NEAU-ST10-40T ( = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T) 1892:1937 The type strain is NEAU-ST10-40T ( = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T). 25795064 13 29 theme type 1877:1880 arg1 strain 1882:1887 The type strain 1873:1887 The type strain 1873:1887 The type strain is NEAU-ST10-40T ( = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T). 25795064 8 30 dep Halobacillus 1171:1182 arg1 dabanensis 1184:1193 dabanensis 1184:1193 dabanensis 1184:1193 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 2 31 from saline 224:229 arg1 China 263:267 China 263:267 China 263:267 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterial strain, NEAU-ST10-40T, was isolated from a saline and alkaline soil in Anda City, China. 25795064 3 32 theme peritrichous 320:331 arg1 flagella 333:340 peritrichous flagella 320:340 peritrichous flagella 320:340 It was strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and motile by peritrichous flagella. 25795064 7 33 theme Halobacillus 814:825 arg1 strains 774:780 the type strains 765:780 the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus 765:825 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus ranged from 98.8 % (Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T) to 97.1 % (Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T). 25795064 7 33 theme Halobacillus 814:825 arg1 NEAU-ST10-40T 747:759 strain NEAU-ST10-40T 740:759 strain NEAU-ST10-40T 740:759 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus ranged from 98.8 % (Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T) to 97.1 % (Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T). 25795064 8 34 theme Halobacillus 1278:1289 arg1 10404T 1304:1309 Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T 1278:1309 Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T 1278:1309 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 34 theme Halobacillus 1278:1289 arg1 values 961:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 927:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 927:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 0 35 theme Halobacillus 0:11 arg1 sp 23:24 Halobacillus andaensis sp 0:24 Halobacillus andaensis sp. 0:25 Halobacillus andaensis sp. 25795064 8 36 theme hybridization 935:947 arg1 17110T 1093:1098 Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T 1066:1098 Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T 1066:1098 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 36 theme hybridization 935:947 arg1 18897T 1232:1237 Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T 1207:1237 Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T 1207:1237 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 36 theme hybridization 935:947 arg1 13144T 1058:1063 Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T 1029:1063 Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T 1029:1063 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 36 theme hybridization 935:947 arg1 values 961:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 927:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 927:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 36 theme hybridization 935:947 arg1 18199T 1199:1204 Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T 1171:1204 Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T 1171:1204 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 36 theme hybridization 935:947 arg1 21185T 1343:1348 Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T 1315:1348 Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T 1315:1348 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 36 theme hybridization 935:947 arg1 10405T 1163:1168 Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T 1136:1168 Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T 1136:1168 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 36 theme hybridization 935:947 arg1 2266T 1129:1133 Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T 1101:1133 Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T 1101:1133 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 36 theme hybridization 935:947 arg1 10404T 1304:1309 Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T 1278:1309 Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T 1278:1309 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 36 theme hybridization 935:947 arg1 21183T 1270:1275 Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T 1240:1275 Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T 1240:1275 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 37 theme DSM 1300:1302 arg1 10404T 1304:1309 Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T 1278:1309 Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T 1278:1309 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 37 theme DSM 1300:1302 arg1 values 961:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 927:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 927:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 38 dep ± 1373:1373 arg1 to 1367:1368 to 1367:1368 to 1367:1368 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 39 theme strain 976:981 arg1 NEAU-ST10-40T 983:995 strain NEAU-ST10-40T 976:995 strain NEAU-ST10-40T 976:995 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 2 40 theme bacterial 171:179 arg1 NEAU-ST10-40T 189:201 NEAU-ST10-40T 189:201 NEAU-ST10-40T 189:201 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterial strain, NEAU-ST10-40T, was isolated from a saline and alkaline soil in Anda City, China. 25795064 2 40 theme bacterial 171:179 arg1 strain 181:186 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterial strain 107:186 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterial strain 107:186 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterial strain, NEAU-ST10-40T, was isolated from a saline and alkaline soil in Anda City, China. 25795064 2 41 dep Gram-stain-positive 109:127 arg1 endospore-forming 130:146 endospore-forming 130:146 endospore-forming 130:146 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterial strain, NEAU-ST10-40T, was isolated from a saline and alkaline soil in Anda City, China. 25795064 2 41 dep Gram-stain-positive 109:127 arg1 halophilic 160:169 halophilic 160:169 halophilic 160:169 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterial strain, NEAU-ST10-40T, was isolated from a saline and alkaline soil in Anda City, China. 25795064 4 42 dep % 415:415 arg1 optimum 424:430 optimum 424:430 optimum 424:430 It formed light yellow colonies and grew at NaCl concentrations of 3-15 % (w/v) (optimum, 8 %, w/v), at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and at 4-60 °C (optimum, 30 °C). 25795064 6 43 theme rRNA 614:617 arg1 sequences 624:632 16S rRNA gene sequences 610:632 16S rRNA gene sequences 610:632 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that it belonged to the genus Halobacillus. 25795064 10 44 theme polar 1558:1562 arg1 lipids 1564:1569 polar lipids 1558:1569 polar lipids 1558:1569 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0, the only respiratory quinone detected was MK-7, and polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. 25795064 7 45 theme related 785:791 arg1 species 793:799 related species 785:799 related species 785:799 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus ranged from 98.8 % (Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T) to 97.1 % (Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T). 25795064 2 46 theme Gram-stain-positive 109:127 arg1 NEAU-ST10-40T 189:201 NEAU-ST10-40T 189:201 NEAU-ST10-40T 189:201 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterial strain, NEAU-ST10-40T, was isolated from a saline and alkaline soil in Anda City, China. 25795064 2 46 theme Gram-stain-positive 109:127 arg1 strain 181:186 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterial strain 107:186 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterial strain 107:186 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterial strain, NEAU-ST10-40T, was isolated from a saline and alkaline soil in Anda City, China. 25795064 8 47 theme Halobacillus 1029:1040 arg1 13144T 1058:1063 Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T 1029:1063 Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T 1029:1063 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 47 theme Halobacillus 1029:1040 arg1 values 961:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 927:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 927:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 7 48 dep Halobacillus 890:901 arg1 kuroshimensis 903:915 kuroshimensis 903:915 kuroshimensis 903:915 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus ranged from 98.8 % (Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T) to 97.1 % (Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T). 25795064 5 49 theme meso-diaminopimelic 522:540 arg1 acid 542:545 meso-diaminopimelic acid 522:545 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 522:576 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 25795064 8 50 theme KCTC 1053:1056 arg1 13144T 1058:1063 Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T 1029:1063 Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T 1029:1063 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 50 theme KCTC 1053:1056 arg1 values 961:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 927:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 927:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 4 51 theme NaCl 387:390 arg1 concentrations 392:405 NaCl concentrations 387:405 NaCl concentrations of 3-15 % (w/v) (optimum, 8 %, w/v) 387:441 It formed light yellow colonies and grew at NaCl concentrations of 3-15 % (w/v) (optimum, 8 %, w/v), at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and at 4-60 °C (optimum, 30 °C). 25795064 11 52 theme andaensis 1841:1849 arg1 sp 1851:1852 the name Halobacillus andaensis sp 1819:1852 the name Halobacillus andaensis sp 1819:1852 On the basis of the data presented, strain NEAU-ST10-40T is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Halobacillus andaensis sp. 25795064 4 53 theme light 353:357 arg1 colonies 366:373 light yellow colonies 353:373 light yellow colonies 353:373 It formed light yellow colonies and grew at NaCl concentrations of 3-15 % (w/v) (optimum, 8 %, w/v), at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and at 4-60 °C (optimum, 30 °C). 25795064 8 54 dep Halobacillus 1278:1289 arg1 trueperi 1291:1298 trueperi 1291:1298 trueperi 1291:1298 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 55 theme yeomjeoni 1079:1087 arg1 17110T 1093:1098 Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T 1066:1098 Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T 1066:1098 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 55 theme yeomjeoni 1079:1087 arg1 values 961:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 927:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 927:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 56 dep H. 1001:1002 arg1 alkaliphilus 1004:1015 H. alkaliphilus 1001:1015 H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 1001:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 7 57 theme sequence 712:719 arg1 similarity 721:730 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 698:730 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus 698:825 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus ranged from 98.8 % (Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T) to 97.1 % (Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T). 25795064 8 58 theme ± 1363:1363 arg1 sd 1387:1388 mean ± sd 1380:1388 mean ± sd 1380:1388 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 58 theme ± 1363:1363 arg1 % 1377:1377 1 to 19 ± 1 % 1365:1377 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd) 1360:1389 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 1 59 attach isolated 67:74 arg2 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from saline and alkaline soil. 25795064 1 59 attach isolated 67:74 arg1 saline 81:86 saline 81:86 saline 81:86 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from saline and alkaline soil. 25795064 1 59 attach isolated 67:74 arg2 bacterium 57:65 a moderately halophilic bacterium 33:65 a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from saline and alkaline soil 33:104 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from saline and alkaline soil. 25795064 1 59 attach isolated 67:74 arg1 soil 101:104 alkaline soil 92:104 alkaline soil 92:104 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from saline and alkaline soil. 25795064 2 60 theme alkaline 235:242 arg1 soil 244:247 alkaline soil 235:247 alkaline soil 235:247 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterial strain, NEAU-ST10-40T, was isolated from a saline and alkaline soil in Anda City, China. 25795064 7 61 theme rRNA 702:705 arg1 similarity 721:730 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 698:730 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus 698:825 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus ranged from 98.8 % (Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T) to 97.1 % (Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T). 25795064 8 62 theme Halobacillus 1101:1112 arg1 values 961:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 927:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 927:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 62 theme Halobacillus 1101:1112 arg1 2266T 1129:1133 Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T 1101:1133 Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T 1101:1133 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 10 63 theme fatty 1437:1441 arg1 acids 1443:1447 The major fatty acids 1427:1447 The major fatty acids (>10 %) 1427:1455 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0, the only respiratory quinone detected was MK-7, and polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. 25795064 10 63 theme fatty 1437:1441 arg1 % 1454:1454 >10 % 1450:1454 >10 % 1450:1454 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0, the only respiratory quinone detected was MK-7, and polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. 25795064 10 63 theme fatty 1437:1441 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1462:1474 anteiso-C15:0 1462:1474 anteiso-C15:0 1462:1474 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0, the only respiratory quinone detected was MK-7, and polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. 25795064 8 64 theme Halobacillus 1171:1182 arg1 values 961:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 927:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 927:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 64 theme Halobacillus 1171:1182 arg1 18199T 1199:1204 Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T 1171:1204 Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T 1171:1204 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 11 65 theme novel 1794:1798 arg1 species 1800:1806 a novel species 1792:1806 a novel species 1792:1806 On the basis of the data presented, strain NEAU-ST10-40T is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Halobacillus andaensis sp. 25795064 8 66 theme DSM 1125:1127 arg1 values 961:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 927:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 927:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 66 theme DSM 1125:1127 arg1 2266T 1129:1133 Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T 1101:1133 Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T 1101:1133 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 67 theme DSM 1195:1197 arg1 values 961:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 927:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 927:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 67 theme DSM 1195:1197 arg1 18199T 1199:1204 Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T 1171:1204 Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T 1171:1204 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 7 68 theme Halobacillus 890:901 arg1 IS-Hb7T 917:923 Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T 890:923 Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T 890:923 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus ranged from 98.8 % (Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T) to 97.1 % (Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T). 25795064 7 68 theme Halobacillus 890:901 arg1 % 887:887 97.1 % 882:887 97.1 % (Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T) 882:924 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus ranged from 98.8 % (Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T) to 97.1 % (Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T). 25795064 4 69 dep optimum 492:498 arg1 °C 504:505 30 °C 501:505 30 °C 501:505 It formed light yellow colonies and grew at NaCl concentrations of 3-15 % (w/v) (optimum, 8 %, w/v), at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and at 4-60 °C (optimum, 30 °C). 25795064 11 70 theme name 1823:1826 arg1 sp 1851:1852 the name Halobacillus andaensis sp 1819:1852 the name Halobacillus andaensis sp 1819:1852 On the basis of the data presented, strain NEAU-ST10-40T is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Halobacillus andaensis sp. 25795064 4 71 theme % 415:415 arg1 concentrations 392:405 NaCl concentrations 387:405 NaCl concentrations of 3-15 % (w/v) (optimum, 8 %, w/v) 387:441 It formed light yellow colonies and grew at NaCl concentrations of 3-15 % (w/v) (optimum, 8 %, w/v), at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and at 4-60 °C (optimum, 30 °C). 25795064 9 72 theme G+C 1400:1402 arg1 % 1424:1424 39.3 mol% 1416:1424 39.3 mol% 1416:1424 The DNA G+C content was 39.3 mol%. 25795064 9 72 theme G+C 1400:1402 arg1 content 1404:1410 The DNA G+C content 1392:1410 The DNA G+C content 1392:1410 The DNA G+C content was 39.3 mol%. 25795064 11 73 theme Halobacillus 1828:1839 arg1 sp 1851:1852 the name Halobacillus andaensis sp 1819:1852 the name Halobacillus andaensis sp 1819:1852 On the basis of the data presented, strain NEAU-ST10-40T is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Halobacillus andaensis sp. 25795064 8 74 theme mean 1380:1383 arg1 sd 1387:1388 mean ± sd 1380:1388 mean ± sd 1380:1388 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 74 theme mean 1380:1383 arg1 % 1377:1377 1 to 19 ± 1 % 1365:1377 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd) 1360:1389 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 13 75 theme 1.12153T 1916:1923 arg1 25866T 1931:1936  = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T 1907:1936  = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T 1907:1936 The type strain is NEAU-ST10-40T ( = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T). 25795064 13 75 theme 1.12153T 1916:1923 arg1 NEAU-ST10-40T 1892:1904 NEAU-ST10-40T 1892:1904 NEAU-ST10-40T ( = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T) 1892:1937 The type strain is NEAU-ST10-40T ( = CGMCC 1.12153T = DSM 25866T). 25795064 1 76 theme halophilic 46:55 arg1 bacterium 57:65 a moderately halophilic bacterium 33:65 a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from saline and alkaline soil 33:104 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from saline and alkaline soil. 25795064 1 76 theme halophilic 46:55 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from saline and alkaline soil. 25795064 8 77 theme Halobacillus 1240:1251 arg1 values 961:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 927:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 927:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 77 theme Halobacillus 1240:1251 arg1 21183T 1270:1275 Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T 1240:1275 Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T 1240:1275 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 78 theme DNA-DNA 927:933 arg1 hybridization 935:947 DNA-DNA hybridization 927:947 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 927:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 2 79 attach isolated 208:215 arg2 NEAU-ST10-40T 189:201 NEAU-ST10-40T 189:201 NEAU-ST10-40T 189:201 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterial strain, NEAU-ST10-40T, was isolated from a saline and alkaline soil in Anda City, China. 25795064 2 79 attach isolated 208:215 arg1 saline 224:229 a saline 222:229 a saline 222:229 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterial strain, NEAU-ST10-40T, was isolated from a saline and alkaline soil in Anda City, China. 25795064 2 79 attach isolated 208:215 arg2 strain 181:186 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterial strain 107:186 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterial strain 107:186 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterial strain, NEAU-ST10-40T, was isolated from a saline and alkaline soil in Anda City, China. 25795064 2 79 attach isolated 208:215 arg1 soil 244:247 alkaline soil 235:247 alkaline soil 235:247 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterial strain, NEAU-ST10-40T, was isolated from a saline and alkaline soil in Anda City, China. 25795064 8 80 dep Halobacillus 1029:1040 arg1 campisalis 1042:1051 campisalis 1042:1051 campisalis 1042:1051 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 81 theme DSM 1266:1268 arg1 values 961:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 927:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 927:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 81 theme DSM 1266:1268 arg1 21183T 1270:1275 Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T 1240:1275 Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T 1240:1275 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 6 82 theme Phylogenetic 579:590 arg1 analysis 592:599 Phylogenetic analysis 579:599 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 579:632 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that it belonged to the genus Halobacillus. 25795064 0 83 theme andaensis 13:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Halobacillus andaensis sp 0:24 Halobacillus andaensis sp. 0:25 Halobacillus andaensis sp. 25795064 4 84 dep optimum 459:465 arg1 pH 468:469 pH 8.0 468:473 pH 8.0 468:473 It formed light yellow colonies and grew at NaCl concentrations of 3-15 % (w/v) (optimum, 8 %, w/v), at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and at 4-60 °C (optimum, 30 °C). 25795064 8 85 theme relatedness 949:959 arg1 17110T 1093:1098 Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T 1066:1098 Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T 1066:1098 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 85 theme relatedness 949:959 arg1 18897T 1232:1237 Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T 1207:1237 Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T 1207:1237 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 85 theme relatedness 949:959 arg1 13144T 1058:1063 Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T 1029:1063 Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T 1029:1063 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 85 theme relatedness 949:959 arg1 values 961:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 927:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 927:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 85 theme relatedness 949:959 arg1 18199T 1199:1204 Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T 1171:1204 Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T 1171:1204 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 85 theme relatedness 949:959 arg1 21185T 1343:1348 Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T 1315:1348 Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T 1315:1348 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 85 theme relatedness 949:959 arg1 10405T 1163:1168 Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T 1136:1168 Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T 1136:1168 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 85 theme relatedness 949:959 arg1 2266T 1129:1133 Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T 1101:1133 Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T 1101:1133 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 85 theme relatedness 949:959 arg1 10404T 1304:1309 Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T 1278:1309 Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T 1278:1309 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 85 theme relatedness 949:959 arg1 21183T 1270:1275 Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T 1240:1275 Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T 1240:1275 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 9 86 theme mol 1421:1423 arg1 % 1424:1424 39.3 mol% 1416:1424 39.3 mol% 1416:1424 The DNA G+C content was 39.3 mol%. 25795064 9 86 theme mol 1421:1423 arg1 content 1404:1410 The DNA G+C content 1392:1410 The DNA G+C content 1392:1410 The DNA G+C content was 39.3 mol%. 25795064 7 87 dep Halobacillus 847:858 arg1 alkaliphilus 860:871 alkaliphilus 860:871 alkaliphilus 860:871 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus ranged from 98.8 % (Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T) to 97.1 % (Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T). 25795064 11 88 theme strain 1744:1749 arg1 NEAU-ST10-40T 1751:1763 strain NEAU-ST10-40T 1744:1763 strain NEAU-ST10-40T 1744:1763 On the basis of the data presented, strain NEAU-ST10-40T is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Halobacillus andaensis sp. 25795064 7 89 theme genus 808:812 arg1 Halobacillus 814:825 the genus Halobacillus 804:825 the genus Halobacillus 804:825 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus ranged from 98.8 % (Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T) to 97.1 % (Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T). 25795064 1 90 theme alkaline 92:99 arg1 soil 101:104 alkaline soil 92:104 alkaline soil 92:104 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from saline and alkaline soil. 25795064 2 91 from soil 244:247 arg1 China 263:267 China 263:267 China 263:267 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterial strain, NEAU-ST10-40T, was isolated from a saline and alkaline soil in Anda City, China. 25795064 4 92 dep optimum 424:430 arg1 w/v 438:440 w/v 438:440 w/v 438:440 It formed light yellow colonies and grew at NaCl concentrations of 3-15 % (w/v) (optimum, 8 %, w/v), at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and at 4-60 °C (optimum, 30 °C). 25795064 4 92 dep optimum 424:430 arg1 % 435:435 8 % 433:435 8 % 433:435 It formed light yellow colonies and grew at NaCl concentrations of 3-15 % (w/v) (optimum, 8 %, w/v), at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and at 4-60 °C (optimum, 30 °C). 25795064 8 93 dep Halobacillus 1101:1112 arg1 halophilus 1114:1123 halophilus 1114:1123 halophilus 1114:1123 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 5 94 from acid 542:545 arg1 peptidoglycan 564:576 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 550:576 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 550:576 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 25795064 8 95 theme H. 1001:1002 arg1 18525T 1021:1026 H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 1001:1026 H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 1001:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 96 theme Halobacillus 1315:1326 arg1 21185T 1343:1348 Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T 1315:1348 Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T 1315:1348 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 96 theme Halobacillus 1315:1326 arg1 values 961:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 927:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 927:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 7 97 theme species 793:799 arg1 strains 774:780 the type strains 765:780 the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus 765:825 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus ranged from 98.8 % (Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T) to 97.1 % (Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T). 25795064 7 97 theme species 793:799 arg1 NEAU-ST10-40T 747:759 strain NEAU-ST10-40T 740:759 strain NEAU-ST10-40T 740:759 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus ranged from 98.8 % (Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T) to 97.1 % (Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T). 25795064 8 98 theme DSM 1017:1019 arg1 18525T 1021:1026 H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 1001:1026 H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 1001:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 99 dep Halobacillus 1207:1218 arg1 salinus 1220:1226 salinus 1220:1226 salinus 1220:1226 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 100 theme DSM 1339:1341 arg1 21185T 1343:1348 Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T 1315:1348 Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T 1315:1348 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 8 100 theme DSM 1339:1341 arg1 values 961:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values 927:966 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T 927:1026 DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and H. alkaliphilus DSM 18525T, Halobacillus campisalis KCTC 13144T, Halobacillus yeomjeoni DSM 17110T, Halobacillus halophilus DSM 2266T, Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T, Halobacillus dabanensis DSM 18199T, Halobacillus salinus DSM 18897T, Halobacillus naozhouensis DSM 21183T, Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T and Halobacillus salsuginis DSM 21185T were from 43 ± 1 to 19 ± 1 % (mean ± sd). 25795064 6 101 theme gene 619:622 arg1 sequences 624:632 16S rRNA gene sequences 610:632 16S rRNA gene sequences 610:632 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that it belonged to the genus Halobacillus. 25795064 10 102 theme respiratory 1515:1525 arg1 quinone 1527:1533 the only respiratory quinone 1506:1533 the only respiratory quinone detected 1506:1542 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0, the only respiratory quinone detected was MK-7, and polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. 25795064 10 102 theme respiratory 1515:1525 arg1 MK-7 1548:1551 MK-7 1548:1551 MK-7 1548:1551 The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0, the only respiratory quinone detected was MK-7, and polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. 25795064 5 103 contain contained 512:520 arg2 acid 542:545 meso-diaminopimelic acid 522:545 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 522:576 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 25795064 5 103 contain contained 512:520 arg1 It 509:510 It 509:510 It 509:510 It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 25795064 11 104 dep data 1728:1731 arg1 the 1711:1713 the 1711:1713 the 1711:1713 On the basis of the data presented, strain NEAU-ST10-40T is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Halobacillus andaensis sp. 25795064 11 104 dep data 1728:1731 arg1 basis 1715:1719 basis 1715:1719 basis 1715:1719 On the basis of the data presented, strain NEAU-ST10-40T is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Halobacillus andaensis sp. 25795064 6 105 theme 16S 610:612 arg1 sequences 624:632 16S rRNA gene sequences 610:632 16S rRNA gene sequences 610:632 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that it belonged to the genus Halobacillus. 25795064 7 106 theme type 769:772 arg1 strains 774:780 the type strains 765:780 the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus 765:825 Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NEAU-ST10-40T and the type strains of related species of the genus Halobacillus ranged from 98.8 % (Halobacillus alkaliphilus FP5T) to 97.1 % (Halobacillus kuroshimensis IS-Hb7T). 24554634 6 0 with 16507T 766:771 arg1 similarities 854:865 16S rRNA similarities 845:865 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5% 845:874 The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. 24554634 4 1 theme salt 489:492 arg1 concentrations 494:507 total salt concentrations 483:507 total salt concentrations of 0-10% (w/v) with an optimum at 2% (w/v) 483:550 The growth of strain L1T occurred at total salt concentrations of 0-10% (w/v) with an optimum at 2% (w/v). 24554634 13 2 theme strain 1638:1643 arg1 L1T 1645:1647 strain L1T 1638:1647 strain L1T (=JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T) 1638:1672 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain L1T (=JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T) should be classified as the type strain of Bacillus ligniniphilus sp. 24554634 13 2 theme strain 1638:1643 arg1 strain 1707:1712 the type strain 1698:1712 the type strain of Bacillus ligniniphilus sp 1698:1741 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain L1T (=JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T) should be classified as the type strain of Bacillus ligniniphilus sp. 24554634 13 2 theme strain 1638:1643 arg1 26145T 1666:1671 =JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T 1650:1671 =JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T 1650:1671 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain L1T (=JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T) should be classified as the type strain of Bacillus ligniniphilus sp. 24554634 11 3 theme L1T 1417:1419 arg1 iso-C14  1426:1433 iso-C14  1426:1433 iso-C14  1426:1433 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain L1T were iso-C14 : 0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24554634 11 3 theme L1T 1417:1419 arg1 acids 1401:1405 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1370:1405 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain L1T 1370:1419 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain L1T were iso-C14 : 0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24554634 5 4 dep genus 668:672 arg1 Bacillus 674:681 the genus Bacillus 664:681 the genus Bacillus 664:681 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequence comparison indicated that the isolate represented a member of the genus Bacillus. 24554634 6 5 with 8715T 833:837 arg1 similarities 854:865 16S rRNA similarities 845:865 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5% 845:874 The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. 24554634 10 6 theme diamino 1356:1362 arg1 acid 1333:1336 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1313:1336 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1313:1336 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24554634 10 6 theme diamino 1356:1362 arg1 acid 1364:1367 the diagnostic diamino acid 1341:1367 the diagnostic diamino acid 1341:1367 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24554634 2 7 theme halotolerant 144:155 arg1 bacterium 177:185 An alkaliphilic and halotolerant Gram-stain-positive bacterium 124:185 An alkaliphilic and halotolerant Gram-stain-positive bacterium 124:185 An alkaliphilic and halotolerant Gram-stain-positive bacterium, which was isolated from sediment samples from the South China Sea, was subjected to a taxonomic study. 24554634 6 8 theme JCM 762:764 arg1 strains 688:694 The strains 684:694 The strains most closely related to strain L1T 684:729 The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. 24554634 6 8 theme JCM 762:764 arg1 16507T 766:771 Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T 736:771 Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T 736:771 The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. 24554634 2 9 theme alkaliphilic 127:138 arg1 bacterium 177:185 An alkaliphilic and halotolerant Gram-stain-positive bacterium 124:185 An alkaliphilic and halotolerant Gram-stain-positive bacterium 124:185 An alkaliphilic and halotolerant Gram-stain-positive bacterium, which was isolated from sediment samples from the South China Sea, was subjected to a taxonomic study. 24554634 6 10 dep Bacillus 774:781 arg1 halodurans 783:792 halodurans 783:792 halodurans 783:792 The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. 24554634 13 11 theme sp 1740:1741 arg1 L1T 1645:1647 strain L1T 1638:1647 strain L1T (=JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T) 1638:1672 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain L1T (=JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T) should be classified as the type strain of Bacillus ligniniphilus sp. 24554634 13 11 theme sp 1740:1741 arg1 strain 1707:1712 the type strain 1698:1712 the type strain of Bacillus ligniniphilus sp 1698:1741 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain L1T (=JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T) should be classified as the type strain of Bacillus ligniniphilus sp. 24554634 7 12 theme B. 1003:1004 arg1 16507T 1027:1032 B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T 1003:1032 B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T 1003:1032 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 7 12 theme B. 1003:1004 arg1 species 994:1000 the most closely related species 969:1000 the most closely related species 969:1000 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 6 13 theme Bacillus 736:743 arg1 strains 688:694 The strains 684:694 The strains most closely related to strain L1T 684:729 The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. 24554634 6 13 theme Bacillus 736:743 arg1 16507T 766:771 Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T 736:771 Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T 736:771 The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. 24554634 9 14 theme predominant 1218:1228 arg1 quinone 1241:1247 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1214:1247 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1214:1247 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 24554634 9 14 theme predominant 1218:1228 arg1 menaquinone 1253:1263 menaquinone 7 1253:1265 menaquinone 7 (MK-7) 1253:1272 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 24554634 7 15 theme DNA-DNA 908:914 arg1 hybridization 916:928 DNA-DNA hybridization 908:928 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, 908:1087 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 6 16 theme DSM 829:831 arg1 8715T 833:837 Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T 807:837 Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T 807:837 The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. 24554634 5 17 theme 16S 584:586 arg1 rRNA 588:591 16S rRNA 584:591 16S rRNA sequence comparison 584:611 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequence comparison indicated that the isolate represented a member of the genus Bacillus. 24554634 6 18 theme Bacillus 807:814 arg1 8715T 833:837 Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T 807:837 Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T 807:837 The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. 24554634 6 19 dep Bacillus 807:814 arg1 pseudofirmus 816:827 pseudofirmus 816:827 pseudofirmus 816:827 The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. 24554634 1 20 theme China 113:117 arg1 Sea 119:121 the South China Sea 103:121 the South China Sea 103:121 nov., an alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacterium isolated from sediments of the South China Sea. 24554634 7 21 theme % 1147:1147 arg1 values 1110:1115 reassociation values 1096:1115 reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively 1096:1161 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 5 22 theme Phylogenetic 553:564 arg1 analysis 566:573 Phylogenetic analysis 553:573 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequence comparison 553:611 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequence comparison indicated that the isolate represented a member of the genus Bacillus. 24554634 13 23 theme ligniniphilus 1726:1738 arg1 sp 1740:1741 Bacillus ligniniphilus sp 1717:1741 Bacillus ligniniphilus sp 1717:1741 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain L1T (=JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T) should be classified as the type strain of Bacillus ligniniphilus sp. 24554634 2 24 theme China 244:248 arg1 Sea 250:252 the South China Sea 234:252 the South China Sea 234:252 An alkaliphilic and halotolerant Gram-stain-positive bacterium, which was isolated from sediment samples from the South China Sea, was subjected to a taxonomic study. 24554634 12 25 theme major 1461:1465 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1485:1506 diphosphatidylglycerol 1485:1506 diphosphatidylglycerol 1485:1506 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. 24554634 12 25 theme major 1461:1465 arg1 lipids 1473:1478 The major polar lipids 1457:1478 The major polar lipids 1457:1478 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. 24554634 13 26 theme type 1702:1705 arg1 L1T 1645:1647 strain L1T 1638:1647 strain L1T (=JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T) 1638:1672 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain L1T (=JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T) should be classified as the type strain of Bacillus ligniniphilus sp. 24554634 13 26 theme type 1702:1705 arg1 strain 1707:1712 the type strain 1698:1712 the type strain of Bacillus ligniniphilus sp 1698:1741 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain L1T (=JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T) should be classified as the type strain of Bacillus ligniniphilus sp. 24554634 5 27 theme sequence 593:600 arg1 comparison 602:611 16S rRNA sequence comparison 584:611 16S rRNA sequence comparison 584:611 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequence comparison indicated that the isolate represented a member of the genus Bacillus. 24554634 1 28 theme halotolerant 53:64 arg1 bacterium 66:74 an alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacterium 33:74 an alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacterium 33:74 nov., an alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacterium isolated from sediments of the South China Sea. 24554634 1 28 theme halotolerant 53:64 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., an alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacterium isolated from sediments of the South China Sea. 24554634 6 29 theme 16S 845:847 arg1 rRNA 849:852 16S rRNA 845:852 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5% 845:874 The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. 24554634 7 30 theme JCM 1023:1025 arg1 16507T 1027:1032 B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T 1003:1032 B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T 1003:1032 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 7 30 theme JCM 1023:1025 arg1 species 994:1000 the most closely related species 969:1000 the most closely related species 969:1000 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 7 31 theme % 1137:1137 arg1 values 1110:1115 reassociation values 1096:1115 reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively 1096:1161 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 0 32 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 23:24 Bacillus ligniniphilus sp 0:24 Bacillus ligniniphilus sp. 0:25 Bacillus ligniniphilus sp. 24554634 7 33 dep B. 1062:1063 arg1 pseudofirmus 1065:1076 pseudofirmus 1065:1076 pseudofirmus 1065:1076 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 2 34 from Sea 250:252 arg1 samples 221:227 sediment samples 212:227 sediment samples from the South China Sea 212:252 An alkaliphilic and halotolerant Gram-stain-positive bacterium, which was isolated from sediment samples from the South China Sea, was subjected to a taxonomic study. 24554634 2 35 attach isolated 198:205 arg1 samples 221:227 sediment samples 212:227 sediment samples from the South China Sea 212:252 An alkaliphilic and halotolerant Gram-stain-positive bacterium, which was isolated from sediment samples from the South China Sea, was subjected to a taxonomic study. 24554634 2 35 attach isolated 198:205 arg2 bacterium 177:185 An alkaliphilic and halotolerant Gram-stain-positive bacterium 124:185 An alkaliphilic and halotolerant Gram-stain-positive bacterium 124:185 An alkaliphilic and halotolerant Gram-stain-positive bacterium, which was isolated from sediment samples from the South China Sea, was subjected to a taxonomic study. 24554634 3 36 theme wide 331:334 arg1 range 336:340 a wide range 329:340 a wide range of temperatures and pH values, 10.0-45.0 °C and pH 6-11, 329:397 The isolate, strain L1T, grew well at a wide range of temperatures and pH values, 10.0-45.0 °C and pH 6-11, with optima at 30 °C and pH 9.0, respectively. 24554634 4 37 theme strain 460:465 arg1 L1T 467:469 strain L1T 460:469 strain L1T 460:469 The growth of strain L1T occurred at total salt concentrations of 0-10% (w/v) with an optimum at 2% (w/v). 24554634 7 38 dep B. 1035:1036 arg1 halodurans 1038:1047 halodurans 1038:1047 halodurans 1038:1047 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 8 39 theme DNA 1168:1170 arg1 % 1211:1211 40.76 mol% 1202:1211 40.76 mol% 1202:1211 The DNA G+C content of strain L1T was 40.76 mol%. 24554634 8 39 theme DNA 1168:1170 arg1 content 1176:1182 The DNA G+C content 1164:1182 The DNA G+C content of strain L1T 1164:1196 The DNA G+C content of strain L1T was 40.76 mol%. 24554634 7 40 theme species 994:1000 arg1 strains 958:964 the type strains 949:964 the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, 949:1087 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 11 41 dep iso-C14  1426:1433 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1442:1454 anteiso-C15:0 1442:1454 anteiso-C15:0 1442:1454 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain L1T were iso-C14 : 0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24554634 11 41 dep iso-C14  1426:1433 arg1  0 1435:1436  0 1435:1436  0 1435:1436 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain L1T were iso-C14 : 0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24554634 3 42 theme values 365:370 arg1 range 336:340 a wide range 329:340 a wide range of temperatures and pH values, 10.0-45.0 °C and pH 6-11, 329:397 The isolate, strain L1T, grew well at a wide range of temperatures and pH values, 10.0-45.0 °C and pH 6-11, with optima at 30 °C and pH 9.0, respectively. 24554634 13 43 theme 18543T=DSM 1655:1664 arg1 L1T 1645:1647 strain L1T 1638:1647 strain L1T (=JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T) 1638:1672 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain L1T (=JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T) should be classified as the type strain of Bacillus ligniniphilus sp. 24554634 13 43 theme 18543T=DSM 1655:1664 arg1 26145T 1666:1671 =JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T 1650:1671 =JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T 1650:1671 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain L1T (=JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T) should be classified as the type strain of Bacillus ligniniphilus sp. 24554634 6 44 theme strain 720:725 arg1 L1T 727:729 strain L1T 720:729 strain L1T 720:729 The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. 24554634 2 45 theme Gram-stain-positive 157:175 arg1 bacterium 177:185 An alkaliphilic and halotolerant Gram-stain-positive bacterium 124:185 An alkaliphilic and halotolerant Gram-stain-positive bacterium 124:185 An alkaliphilic and halotolerant Gram-stain-positive bacterium, which was isolated from sediment samples from the South China Sea, was subjected to a taxonomic study. 24554634 8 46 theme strain 1187:1192 arg1 L1T 1194:1196 strain L1T 1187:1196 strain L1T 1187:1196 The DNA G+C content of strain L1T was 40.76 mol%. 24554634 11 47 theme cellular 1386:1393 arg1 iso-C14  1426:1433 iso-C14  1426:1433 iso-C14  1426:1433 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain L1T were iso-C14 : 0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24554634 11 47 theme cellular 1386:1393 arg1 acids 1401:1405 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1370:1405 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain L1T 1370:1419 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain L1T were iso-C14 : 0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24554634 6 48 theme related 709:715 arg1 strains 688:694 The strains 684:694 The strains most closely related to strain L1T 684:729 The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. 24554634 6 48 theme related 709:715 arg1 16507T 766:771 Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T 736:771 Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T 736:771 The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. 24554634 7 49 theme L1T 940:942 arg1 hybridization 916:928 DNA-DNA hybridization 908:928 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, 908:1087 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 7 50 theme reassociation 1096:1108 arg1 values 1110:1115 reassociation values 1096:1115 reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively 1096:1161 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 6 51 dep Bacillus 736:743 arg1 nanhaiisediminis 745:760 nanhaiisediminis 745:760 nanhaiisediminis 745:760 The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. 24554634 8 52 theme mol 1208:1210 arg1 % 1211:1211 40.76 mol% 1202:1211 40.76 mol% 1202:1211 The DNA G+C content of strain L1T was 40.76 mol%. 24554634 8 52 theme mol 1208:1210 arg1 content 1176:1182 The DNA G+C content 1164:1182 The DNA G+C content of strain L1T 1164:1196 The DNA G+C content of strain L1T was 40.76 mol%. 24554634 11 53 theme strain 1410:1415 arg1 L1T 1417:1419 strain L1T 1410:1419 strain L1T 1410:1419 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain L1T were iso-C14 : 0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24554634 6 54 theme DSM 794:796 arg1 497T 798:801 Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T 774:801 Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T 774:801 The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. 24554634 1 55 theme alkaliphilic 36:47 arg1 bacterium 66:74 an alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacterium 33:74 an alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacterium 33:74 nov., an alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacterium isolated from sediments of the South China Sea. 24554634 1 55 theme alkaliphilic 36:47 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., an alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacterium isolated from sediments of the South China Sea. 24554634 7 56 theme DSM 1078:1080 arg1 species 994:1000 the most closely related species 969:1000 the most closely related species 969:1000 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 7 56 theme DSM 1078:1080 arg1 8715T 1082:1086 B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T 1062:1086 B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T 1062:1086 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 10 57 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1313:1331 arg1 acid 1333:1336 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1313:1336 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1313:1336 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24554634 10 57 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1313:1331 arg1 acid 1364:1367 the diagnostic diamino acid 1341:1367 the diagnostic diamino acid 1341:1367 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24554634 7 58 theme type 953:956 arg1 strains 958:964 the type strains 949:964 the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, 949:1087 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 6 59 theme Bacillus 774:781 arg1 497T 798:801 Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T 774:801 Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T 774:801 The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. 24554634 7 60 theme B. 1062:1063 arg1 species 994:1000 the most closely related species 969:1000 the most closely related species 969:1000 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 7 60 theme B. 1062:1063 arg1 8715T 1082:1086 B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T 1062:1086 B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T 1062:1086 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 4 61 theme total 483:487 arg1 concentrations 494:507 total salt concentrations 483:507 total salt concentrations of 0-10% (w/v) with an optimum at 2% (w/v) 483:550 The growth of strain L1T occurred at total salt concentrations of 0-10% (w/v) with an optimum at 2% (w/v). 24554634 13 62 theme phylogenetic 1588:1599 arg1 characteristics 1601:1615 the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics 1569:1615 the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics 1569:1615 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain L1T (=JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T) should be classified as the type strain of Bacillus ligniniphilus sp. 24554634 2 63 theme taxonomic 274:282 arg1 study 284:288 a taxonomic study 272:288 a taxonomic study 272:288 An alkaliphilic and halotolerant Gram-stain-positive bacterium, which was isolated from sediment samples from the South China Sea, was subjected to a taxonomic study. 24554634 10 64 theme diagnostic 1345:1354 arg1 acid 1333:1336 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1313:1336 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1313:1336 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24554634 10 64 theme diagnostic 1345:1354 arg1 acid 1364:1367 the diagnostic diamino acid 1341:1367 the diagnostic diamino acid 1341:1367 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24554634 7 65 theme strain 933:938 arg1 L1T 940:942 strain L1T 933:942 strain L1T 933:942 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 4 66 from % 544:544 arg1 optimum 532:538 an optimum 529:538 an optimum at 2% (w/v) 529:550 The growth of strain L1T occurred at total salt concentrations of 0-10% (w/v) with an optimum at 2% (w/v). 24554634 6 67 with 497T 798:801 arg1 similarities 854:865 16S rRNA similarities 845:865 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5% 845:874 The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. 24554634 13 68 theme phenotypic 1573:1582 arg1 characteristics 1601:1615 the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics 1569:1615 the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics 1569:1615 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain L1T (=JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T) should be classified as the type strain of Bacillus ligniniphilus sp. 24554634 9 69 theme isoprenoid 1230:1239 arg1 quinone 1241:1247 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1214:1247 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1214:1247 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 24554634 9 69 theme isoprenoid 1230:1239 arg1 menaquinone 1253:1263 menaquinone 7 1253:1265 menaquinone 7 (MK-7) 1253:1272 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). 24554634 2 70 theme South 238:242 arg1 Sea 250:252 the South China Sea 234:252 the South China Sea 234:252 An alkaliphilic and halotolerant Gram-stain-positive bacterium, which was isolated from sediment samples from the South China Sea, was subjected to a taxonomic study. 24554634 4 71 with % 516:516 arg1 optimum 532:538 an optimum 529:538 an optimum at 2% (w/v) 529:550 The growth of strain L1T occurred at total salt concentrations of 0-10% (w/v) with an optimum at 2% (w/v). 24554634 1 72 theme South 107:111 arg1 Sea 119:121 the South China Sea 103:121 the South China Sea 103:121 nov., an alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacterium isolated from sediments of the South China Sea. 24554634 1 73 theme Sea 119:121 arg1 sediments 90:98 sediments 90:98 sediments of the South China Sea 90:121 nov., an alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacterium isolated from sediments of the South China Sea. 24554634 13 74 theme Bacillus 1717:1724 arg1 sp 1740:1741 Bacillus ligniniphilus sp 1717:1741 Bacillus ligniniphilus sp 1717:1741 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain L1T (=JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T) should be classified as the type strain of Bacillus ligniniphilus sp. 24554634 7 75 theme DSM 1049:1051 arg1 species 994:1000 the most closely related species 969:1000 the most closely related species 969:1000 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 7 75 theme DSM 1049:1051 arg1 497T 1053:1056 B. halodurans DSM 497T 1035:1056 B. halodurans DSM 497T 1035:1056 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 6 76 theme % 874:874 arg1 similarities 854:865 16S rRNA similarities 845:865 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5% 845:874 The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. 24554634 7 77 theme B. 1035:1036 arg1 species 994:1000 the most closely related species 969:1000 the most closely related species 969:1000 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 7 77 theme B. 1035:1036 arg1 497T 1053:1056 B. halodurans DSM 497T 1035:1056 B. halodurans DSM 497T 1035:1056 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 3 78 theme strain 304:309 arg1 L1T 311:313 strain L1T 304:313 strain L1T 304:313 The isolate, strain L1T, grew well at a wide range of temperatures and pH values, 10.0-45.0 °C and pH 6-11, with optima at 30 °C and pH 9.0, respectively. 24554634 3 78 theme strain 304:309 arg1 isolate 295:301 The isolate 291:301 The isolate 291:301 The isolate, strain L1T, grew well at a wide range of temperatures and pH values, 10.0-45.0 °C and pH 6-11, with optima at 30 °C and pH 9.0, respectively. 24554634 5 79 theme rRNA 588:591 arg1 comparison 602:611 16S rRNA sequence comparison 584:611 16S rRNA sequence comparison 584:611 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequence comparison indicated that the isolate represented a member of the genus Bacillus. 24554634 10 80 contain contained 1303:1311 arg2 acid 1364:1367 the diagnostic diamino acid 1341:1367 the diagnostic diamino acid 1341:1367 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24554634 10 80 contain contained 1303:1311 arg2 acid 1333:1336 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1313:1336 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1313:1336 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24554634 10 80 contain contained 1303:1311 arg1 peptidoglycan 1289:1301 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1275:1301 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1275:1301 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24554634 12 81 theme polar 1467:1471 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1485:1506 diphosphatidylglycerol 1485:1506 diphosphatidylglycerol 1485:1506 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. 24554634 12 81 theme polar 1467:1471 arg1 lipids 1473:1478 The major polar lipids 1457:1478 The major polar lipids 1457:1478 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. 24554634 6 82 theme rRNA 849:852 arg1 similarities 854:865 16S rRNA similarities 845:865 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5% 845:874 The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. 24554634 7 83 dep B. 1003:1004 arg1 nanhaiisediminis 1006:1021 nanhaiisediminis 1006:1021 nanhaiisediminis 1006:1021 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 0 84 theme ligniniphilus 9:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Bacillus ligniniphilus sp 0:24 Bacillus ligniniphilus sp. 0:25 Bacillus ligniniphilus sp. 24554634 7 85 theme % 1130:1130 arg1 values 1110:1115 reassociation values 1096:1115 reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively 1096:1161 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 3 86 theme temperatures 345:356 arg1 range 336:340 a wide range 329:340 a wide range of temperatures and pH values, 10.0-45.0 °C and pH 6-11, 329:397 The isolate, strain L1T, grew well at a wide range of temperatures and pH values, 10.0-45.0 °C and pH 6-11, with optima at 30 °C and pH 9.0, respectively. 24554634 4 87 theme L1T 467:469 arg1 growth 450:455 The growth 446:455 The growth of strain L1T 446:469 The growth of strain L1T occurred at total salt concentrations of 0-10% (w/v) with an optimum at 2% (w/v). 24554634 7 88 theme related 986:992 arg1 16507T 1027:1032 B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T 1003:1032 B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T 1003:1032 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 7 88 theme related 986:992 arg1 species 994:1000 the most closely related species 969:1000 the most closely related species 969:1000 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 7 88 theme related 986:992 arg1 8715T 1082:1086 B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T 1062:1086 B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T 1062:1086 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 7 88 theme related 986:992 arg1 497T 1053:1056 B. halodurans DSM 497T 1035:1056 B. halodurans DSM 497T 1035:1056 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 13 89 theme =JCM 1650:1653 arg1 L1T 1645:1647 strain L1T 1638:1647 strain L1T (=JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T) 1638:1672 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain L1T (=JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T) should be classified as the type strain of Bacillus ligniniphilus sp. 24554634 13 89 theme =JCM 1650:1653 arg1 26145T 1666:1671 =JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T 1650:1671 =JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T 1650:1671 Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strain L1T (=JCM 18543T=DSM 26145T) should be classified as the type strain of Bacillus ligniniphilus sp. 24554634 7 90 dep % 1130:1130 arg1 21.7 1126:1129 21.7 1126:1129 21.7 1126:1129 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 8 91 theme G+C 1172:1174 arg1 % 1211:1211 40.76 mol% 1202:1211 40.76 mol% 1202:1211 The DNA G+C content of strain L1T was 40.76 mol%. 24554634 8 91 theme G+C 1172:1174 arg1 content 1176:1182 The DNA G+C content 1164:1182 The DNA G+C content of strain L1T 1164:1196 The DNA G+C content of strain L1T was 40.76 mol%. 24554634 11 92 theme predominant 1374:1384 arg1 iso-C14  1426:1433 iso-C14  1426:1433 iso-C14  1426:1433 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain L1T were iso-C14 : 0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24554634 11 92 theme predominant 1374:1384 arg1 acids 1401:1405 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1370:1405 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain L1T 1370:1419 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain L1T were iso-C14 : 0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24554634 7 93 with hybridization 916:928 arg1 strains 958:964 the type strains 949:964 the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, 949:1087 DNA-DNA hybridization of strain L1T with the type strains of the most closely related species, B. nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, B. halodurans DSM 497T and B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, showed reassociation values of about 21.7%, 14.3% and 13.9%, respectively. 24554634 3 94 theme pH 362:363 arg1 pH 390:391 pH 6-11 390:396 pH 6-11 390:396 The isolate, strain L1T, grew well at a wide range of temperatures and pH values, 10.0-45.0 °C and pH 6-11, with optima at 30 °C and pH 9.0, respectively. 24554634 3 94 theme pH 362:363 arg1 values 365:370 pH values 362:370 pH values 362:370 The isolate, strain L1T, grew well at a wide range of temperatures and pH values, 10.0-45.0 °C and pH 6-11, with optima at 30 °C and pH 9.0, respectively. 24554634 3 94 theme pH 362:363 arg1 °C 383:384 10.0-45.0 °C 373:384 10.0-45.0 °C 373:384 The isolate, strain L1T, grew well at a wide range of temperatures and pH values, 10.0-45.0 °C and pH 6-11, with optima at 30 °C and pH 9.0, respectively. 24554634 10 95 theme cell-wall 1279:1287 arg1 peptidoglycan 1289:1301 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1275:1301 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1275:1301 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24554634 2 96 theme sediment 212:219 arg1 samples 221:227 sediment samples 212:227 sediment samples from the South China Sea 212:252 An alkaliphilic and halotolerant Gram-stain-positive bacterium, which was isolated from sediment samples from the South China Sea, was subjected to a taxonomic study. 24554634 4 97 theme % 516:516 arg1 concentrations 494:507 total salt concentrations 483:507 total salt concentrations of 0-10% (w/v) with an optimum at 2% (w/v) 483:550 The growth of strain L1T occurred at total salt concentrations of 0-10% (w/v) with an optimum at 2% (w/v). 24554634 8 98 theme L1T 1194:1196 arg1 % 1211:1211 40.76 mol% 1202:1211 40.76 mol% 1202:1211 The DNA G+C content of strain L1T was 40.76 mol%. 24554634 8 98 theme L1T 1194:1196 arg1 content 1176:1182 The DNA G+C content 1164:1182 The DNA G+C content of strain L1T 1164:1196 The DNA G+C content of strain L1T was 40.76 mol%. 24554634 6 99 dep 16507T 766:771 arg1 % 881:881 95.9% 877:881 95.9% 877:881 The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. 24554634 6 99 dep 16507T 766:771 arg1 % 891:891 95.7% 887:891 95.7% 887:891 The strains most closely related to strain L1T were Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T, Bacillus halodurans DSM 497T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, with 16S rRNA similarities of 96.5%, 95.9% and 95.7%, respectively. 24554634 8 100 theme 40.76 1202:1206 arg1 % 1211:1211 40.76 mol% 1202:1211 40.76 mol% 1202:1211 The DNA G+C content of strain L1T was 40.76 mol%. 24554634 8 100 theme 40.76 1202:1206 arg1 content 1176:1182 The DNA G+C content 1164:1182 The DNA G+C content of strain L1T 1164:1196 The DNA G+C content of strain L1T was 40.76 mol%. 24554634 11 101 theme fatty 1395:1399 arg1 iso-C14  1426:1433 iso-C14  1426:1433 iso-C14  1426:1433 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain L1T were iso-C14 : 0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24554634 11 101 theme fatty 1395:1399 arg1 acids 1401:1405 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1370:1405 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain L1T 1370:1419 The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain L1T were iso-C14 : 0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24554634 5 102 theme genus 668:672 arg1 member 654:659 a member 652:659 a member of the genus Bacillus 652:681 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequence comparison indicated that the isolate represented a member of the genus Bacillus. 27853453 3 0 theme gut 278:280 arg1 microbiota 282:291 gut microbiota 278:291 gut microbiota 278:291 However, less is known about the development of gut microbiota in miniature piglets. 27853453 6 1 theme weaned 869:874 arg1 piglets 876:882 weaned piglets 869:882 weaned piglets 869:882 The relative abundances of 24 bacterial genera significantly declined, whereas the relative abundances of 7 bacterial genera (Fibrobacter, Collinsella, Roseburia, Prevotella, Dorea, Howardella, and Blautia) significantly increased with the age of weaned piglets. 27853453 5 2 theme gut 491:493 arg1 community 505:513 gut bacterial community 491:513 gut bacterial community 491:513 In contrast to the relatively stabilized gut fungal community, gut bacterial community showed a marked drop in alpha diversity, accompanied by significant alterations in taxonomic compositions. 27853453 3 3 theme microbiota 282:291 arg1 development 263:273 the development 259:273 the development of gut microbiota in miniature piglets 259:312 However, less is known about the development of gut microbiota in miniature piglets. 27853453 0 4 from Changes 8:14 arg1 Piglets 54:60 Weaned Miniature Piglets 37:60 Weaned Miniature Piglets 37:60 Gradual Changes of Gut Microbiota in Weaned Miniature Piglets. 27853453 1 5 theme host 139:142 arg1 health 144:149 host health 139:149 host health 139:149 Colonization of gut microbiota in mammals during the early life is vital to host health. 27853453 6 6 dep genera 740:745 arg1 Roseburia 774:782 Roseburia 774:782 Roseburia 774:782 The relative abundances of 24 bacterial genera significantly declined, whereas the relative abundances of 7 bacterial genera (Fibrobacter, Collinsella, Roseburia, Prevotella, Dorea, Howardella, and Blautia) significantly increased with the age of weaned piglets. 27853453 6 6 dep genera 740:745 arg1 Howardella 804:813 Howardella 804:813 Howardella 804:813 The relative abundances of 24 bacterial genera significantly declined, whereas the relative abundances of 7 bacterial genera (Fibrobacter, Collinsella, Roseburia, Prevotella, Dorea, Howardella, and Blautia) significantly increased with the age of weaned piglets. 27853453 6 6 dep genera 740:745 arg1 Blautia 820:826 Blautia 820:826 Blautia 820:826 The relative abundances of 24 bacterial genera significantly declined, whereas the relative abundances of 7 bacterial genera (Fibrobacter, Collinsella, Roseburia, Prevotella, Dorea, Howardella, and Blautia) significantly increased with the age of weaned piglets. 27853453 6 6 dep genera 740:745 arg1 Fibrobacter 748:758 Fibrobacter 748:758 Fibrobacter 748:758 The relative abundances of 24 bacterial genera significantly declined, whereas the relative abundances of 7 bacterial genera (Fibrobacter, Collinsella, Roseburia, Prevotella, Dorea, Howardella, and Blautia) significantly increased with the age of weaned piglets. 27853453 6 6 dep genera 740:745 arg1 Dorea 797:801 Dorea 797:801 Dorea 797:801 The relative abundances of 24 bacterial genera significantly declined, whereas the relative abundances of 7 bacterial genera (Fibrobacter, Collinsella, Roseburia, Prevotella, Dorea, Howardella, and Blautia) significantly increased with the age of weaned piglets. 27853453 4 7 theme Congjiang 399:407 arg1 piglets 419:425 weaned Congjiang miniature piglets 392:425 weaned Congjiang miniature piglets 392:425 Here, this study was conducted to explore how the gut microbiota develops in weaned Congjiang miniature piglets. 27853453 7 8 theme aged 1161:1164 arg1 piglets 1153:1159 the piglets 1149:1159 the piglets aged 1149:1164 Fungal taxonomic analysis showed that the relative abundances of two genera (Kazachstania and Aureobasidium) significantly decreased, whereas the relative abundances of four genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Simplicillium, and Candida) significantly increased as the piglets aged. 27853453 7 9 theme relative 927:934 arg1 abundances 936:945 the relative abundances 923:945 the relative abundances of two genera (Kazachstania and Aureobasidium) 923:992 Fungal taxonomic analysis showed that the relative abundances of two genera (Kazachstania and Aureobasidium) significantly decreased, whereas the relative abundances of four genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Simplicillium, and Candida) significantly increased as the piglets aged. 27853453 10 10 theme gut 1622:1624 arg1 development 1637:1647 the potential gut microbiota development 1608:1647 the potential gut microbiota development of weaned infants 1608:1665 These findings suggest that marked gut microbial changes in Congjiang miniature piglets may contribute to understand the potential gut microbiota development of weaned infants. 27853453 6 11 theme genera 662:667 arg1 abundances 635:644 The relative abundances 622:644 The relative abundances of 24 bacterial genera 622:667 The relative abundances of 24 bacterial genera significantly declined, whereas the relative abundances of 7 bacterial genera (Fibrobacter, Collinsella, Roseburia, Prevotella, Dorea, Howardella, and Blautia) significantly increased with the age of weaned piglets. 27853453 7 12 dep decreased 1008:1016 arg1 whereas 1019:1025 whereas 1019:1025 whereas 1019:1025 Fungal taxonomic analysis showed that the relative abundances of two genera (Kazachstania and Aureobasidium) significantly decreased, whereas the relative abundances of four genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Simplicillium, and Candida) significantly increased as the piglets aged. 27853453 9 13 theme functional 1287:1296 arg1 piglets 1477:1483 the piglets 1473:1483 the piglets aged 1473:1488 The functional maturation of the gut bacterial community was characterized by the significantly increased digestive system, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and vitamin B biosynthesis as the piglets aged. 27853453 9 13 theme functional 1287:1296 arg1 maturation 1298:1307 The functional maturation 1283:1307 The functional maturation of the gut bacterial community 1283:1338 The functional maturation of the gut bacterial community was characterized by the significantly increased digestive system, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and vitamin B biosynthesis as the piglets aged. 27853453 5 14 theme significant 571:581 arg1 alterations 583:593 significant alterations 571:593 significant alterations in taxonomic compositions 571:619 In contrast to the relatively stabilized gut fungal community, gut bacterial community showed a marked drop in alpha diversity, accompanied by significant alterations in taxonomic compositions. 27853453 7 15 theme genera 1059:1064 arg1 abundances 1040:1049 the relative abundances 1027:1049 the relative abundances of four genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Simplicillium, and Candida) 1027:1120 Fungal taxonomic analysis showed that the relative abundances of two genera (Kazachstania and Aureobasidium) significantly decreased, whereas the relative abundances of four genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Simplicillium, and Candida) significantly increased as the piglets aged. 27853453 9 16 theme B 1455:1455 arg1 biosynthesis 1457:1468 vitamin B biosynthesis 1447:1468 vitamin B biosynthesis 1447:1468 The functional maturation of the gut bacterial community was characterized by the significantly increased digestive system, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and vitamin B biosynthesis as the piglets aged. 27853453 5 17 theme marked 524:529 arg1 drop 531:534 a marked drop 522:534 a marked drop in alpha diversity 522:553 In contrast to the relatively stabilized gut fungal community, gut bacterial community showed a marked drop in alpha diversity, accompanied by significant alterations in taxonomic compositions. 27853453 9 18 theme aged 1485:1488 arg1 piglets 1477:1483 the piglets 1473:1483 the piglets aged 1473:1488 The functional maturation of the gut bacterial community was characterized by the significantly increased digestive system, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and vitamin B biosynthesis as the piglets aged. 27853453 9 18 theme aged 1485:1488 arg1 maturation 1298:1307 The functional maturation 1283:1307 The functional maturation of the gut bacterial community 1283:1338 The functional maturation of the gut bacterial community was characterized by the significantly increased digestive system, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and vitamin B biosynthesis as the piglets aged. 27853453 5 19 theme stabilized 458:467 arg1 community 480:488 the relatively stabilized gut fungal community 443:488 the relatively stabilized gut fungal community 443:488 In contrast to the relatively stabilized gut fungal community, gut bacterial community showed a marked drop in alpha diversity, accompanied by significant alterations in taxonomic compositions. 27853453 8 20 theme signature 1197:1205 arg1 telluris 1180:1187 Kazachstania telluris 1167:1187 Kazachstania telluris 1167:1187 Kazachstania telluris was the signature species predominated in gut fungal communities of weaned miniature piglets. 27853453 8 20 theme signature 1197:1205 arg1 species 1207:1213 the signature species 1193:1213 the signature species predominated in gut fungal communities of weaned miniature piglets 1193:1280 Kazachstania telluris was the signature species predominated in gut fungal communities of weaned miniature piglets. 27853453 9 21 theme community 1330:1338 arg1 piglets 1477:1483 the piglets 1473:1483 the piglets aged 1473:1488 The functional maturation of the gut bacterial community was characterized by the significantly increased digestive system, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and vitamin B biosynthesis as the piglets aged. 27853453 9 21 theme community 1330:1338 arg1 maturation 1298:1307 The functional maturation 1283:1307 The functional maturation of the gut bacterial community 1283:1338 The functional maturation of the gut bacterial community was characterized by the significantly increased digestive system, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and vitamin B biosynthesis as the piglets aged. 27853453 7 22 theme Fungal 885:890 arg1 analysis 902:909 Fungal taxonomic analysis 885:909 Fungal taxonomic analysis 885:909 Fungal taxonomic analysis showed that the relative abundances of two genera (Kazachstania and Aureobasidium) significantly decreased, whereas the relative abundances of four genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Simplicillium, and Candida) significantly increased as the piglets aged. 27853453 1 23 theme gut 79:81 arg1 microbiota 83:92 gut microbiota 79:92 gut microbiota 79:92 Colonization of gut microbiota in mammals during the early life is vital to host health. 27853453 5 24 theme gut 469:471 arg1 community 480:488 the relatively stabilized gut fungal community 443:488 the relatively stabilized gut fungal community 443:488 In contrast to the relatively stabilized gut fungal community, gut bacterial community showed a marked drop in alpha diversity, accompanied by significant alterations in taxonomic compositions. 27853453 10 25 theme weaned 1652:1657 arg1 infants 1659:1665 weaned infants 1652:1665 weaned infants 1652:1665 These findings suggest that marked gut microbial changes in Congjiang miniature piglets may contribute to understand the potential gut microbiota development of weaned infants. 27853453 0 26 theme Gradual 0:6 arg1 Changes 8:14 Gradual Changes 0:14 Gradual Changes of Gut Microbiota in Weaned Miniature Piglets 0:60 Gradual Changes of Gut Microbiota in Weaned Miniature Piglets. 27853453 10 27 theme potential 1612:1620 arg1 development 1637:1647 the potential gut microbiota development 1608:1647 the potential gut microbiota development of weaned infants 1608:1665 These findings suggest that marked gut microbial changes in Congjiang miniature piglets may contribute to understand the potential gut microbiota development of weaned infants. 27853453 5 28 theme taxonomic 598:606 arg1 compositions 608:619 taxonomic compositions 598:619 taxonomic compositions 598:619 In contrast to the relatively stabilized gut fungal community, gut bacterial community showed a marked drop in alpha diversity, accompanied by significant alterations in taxonomic compositions. 27853453 1 29 theme microbiota 83:92 arg1 Colonization 63:74 Colonization 63:74 Colonization of gut microbiota in mammals during the early life 63:125 Colonization of gut microbiota in mammals during the early life is vital to host health. 27853453 6 30 theme bacterial 652:660 arg1 genera 662:667 24 bacterial genera 649:667 24 bacterial genera 649:667 The relative abundances of 24 bacterial genera significantly declined, whereas the relative abundances of 7 bacterial genera (Fibrobacter, Collinsella, Roseburia, Prevotella, Dorea, Howardella, and Blautia) significantly increased with the age of weaned piglets. 27853453 9 31 theme vitamin 1447:1453 arg1 biosynthesis 1457:1468 vitamin B biosynthesis 1447:1468 vitamin B biosynthesis 1447:1468 The functional maturation of the gut bacterial community was characterized by the significantly increased digestive system, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and vitamin B biosynthesis as the piglets aged. 27853453 0 32 theme Gut 19:21 arg1 Microbiota 23:32 Gut Microbiota 19:32 Gut Microbiota 19:32 Gradual Changes of Gut Microbiota in Weaned Miniature Piglets. 27853453 9 33 theme gut 1316:1318 arg1 community 1330:1338 the gut bacterial community 1312:1338 the gut bacterial community 1312:1338 The functional maturation of the gut bacterial community was characterized by the significantly increased digestive system, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and vitamin B biosynthesis as the piglets aged. 27853453 7 34 theme relative 1031:1038 arg1 abundances 1040:1049 the relative abundances 1027:1049 the relative abundances of four genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Simplicillium, and Candida) 1027:1120 Fungal taxonomic analysis showed that the relative abundances of two genera (Kazachstania and Aureobasidium) significantly decreased, whereas the relative abundances of four genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Simplicillium, and Candida) significantly increased as the piglets aged. 27853453 5 35 theme alpha 539:543 arg1 diversity 545:553 alpha diversity 539:553 alpha diversity 539:553 In contrast to the relatively stabilized gut fungal community, gut bacterial community showed a marked drop in alpha diversity, accompanied by significant alterations in taxonomic compositions. 27853453 10 36 theme Congjiang 1551:1559 arg1 piglets 1571:1577 Congjiang miniature piglets 1551:1577 Congjiang miniature piglets 1551:1577 These findings suggest that marked gut microbial changes in Congjiang miniature piglets may contribute to understand the potential gut microbiota development of weaned infants. 27853453 8 37 theme fungal 1235:1240 arg1 communities 1242:1252 gut fungal communities 1231:1252 gut fungal communities of weaned miniature piglets 1231:1280 Kazachstania telluris was the signature species predominated in gut fungal communities of weaned miniature piglets. 27853453 7 38 theme genera 954:959 arg1 abundances 936:945 the relative abundances 923:945 the relative abundances of two genera (Kazachstania and Aureobasidium) 923:992 Fungal taxonomic analysis showed that the relative abundances of two genera (Kazachstania and Aureobasidium) significantly decreased, whereas the relative abundances of four genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Simplicillium, and Candida) significantly increased as the piglets aged. 27853453 9 39 theme bacterial 1320:1328 arg1 community 1330:1338 the gut bacterial community 1312:1338 the gut bacterial community 1312:1338 The functional maturation of the gut bacterial community was characterized by the significantly increased digestive system, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and vitamin B biosynthesis as the piglets aged. 27853453 2 40 theme miniature 156:164 arg1 model 223:227 an optimal infant model 205:227 an optimal infant model 205:227 The miniature piglet has recently been considered as an optimal infant model. 27853453 2 40 theme miniature 156:164 arg1 piglet 166:171 The miniature piglet 152:171 The miniature piglet 152:171 The miniature piglet has recently been considered as an optimal infant model. 27853453 7 41 dep genera 954:959 arg1 Kazachstania 962:973 Kazachstania 962:973 Kazachstania 962:973 Fungal taxonomic analysis showed that the relative abundances of two genera (Kazachstania and Aureobasidium) significantly decreased, whereas the relative abundances of four genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Simplicillium, and Candida) significantly increased as the piglets aged. 27853453 7 41 dep genera 954:959 arg1 Aureobasidium 979:991 Aureobasidium 979:991 Aureobasidium 979:991 Fungal taxonomic analysis showed that the relative abundances of two genera (Kazachstania and Aureobasidium) significantly decreased, whereas the relative abundances of four genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Simplicillium, and Candida) significantly increased as the piglets aged. 27853453 8 42 theme gut 1231:1233 arg1 communities 1242:1252 gut fungal communities 1231:1252 gut fungal communities of weaned miniature piglets 1231:1280 Kazachstania telluris was the signature species predominated in gut fungal communities of weaned miniature piglets. 27853453 10 43 theme gut 1526:1528 arg1 changes 1540:1546 marked gut microbial changes 1519:1546 marked gut microbial changes in Congjiang miniature piglets 1519:1577 These findings suggest that marked gut microbial changes in Congjiang miniature piglets may contribute to understand the potential gut microbiota development of weaned infants. 27853453 5 44 from alterations 583:593 arg1 compositions 608:619 taxonomic compositions 598:619 taxonomic compositions 598:619 In contrast to the relatively stabilized gut fungal community, gut bacterial community showed a marked drop in alpha diversity, accompanied by significant alterations in taxonomic compositions. 27853453 4 45 theme weaned 392:397 arg1 piglets 419:425 weaned Congjiang miniature piglets 392:425 weaned Congjiang miniature piglets 392:425 Here, this study was conducted to explore how the gut microbiota develops in weaned Congjiang miniature piglets. 27853453 2 46 theme optimal 208:214 arg1 model 223:227 an optimal infant model 205:227 an optimal infant model 205:227 The miniature piglet has recently been considered as an optimal infant model. 27853453 2 46 theme optimal 208:214 arg1 piglet 166:171 The miniature piglet 152:171 The miniature piglet 152:171 The miniature piglet has recently been considered as an optimal infant model. 27853453 5 47 dep community 480:488 arg1 contrast 431:438 contrast 431:438 contrast 431:438 In contrast to the relatively stabilized gut fungal community, gut bacterial community showed a marked drop in alpha diversity, accompanied by significant alterations in taxonomic compositions. 27853453 0 48 theme Microbiota 23:32 arg1 Changes 8:14 Gradual Changes 0:14 Gradual Changes of Gut Microbiota in Weaned Miniature Piglets 0:60 Gradual Changes of Gut Microbiota in Weaned Miniature Piglets. 27853453 8 49 theme Kazachstania 1167:1178 arg1 telluris 1180:1187 Kazachstania telluris 1167:1187 Kazachstania telluris 1167:1187 Kazachstania telluris was the signature species predominated in gut fungal communities of weaned miniature piglets. 27853453 8 49 theme Kazachstania 1167:1178 arg1 species 1207:1213 the signature species 1193:1213 the signature species predominated in gut fungal communities of weaned miniature piglets 1193:1280 Kazachstania telluris was the signature species predominated in gut fungal communities of weaned miniature piglets. 27853453 9 50 theme digestive 1389:1397 arg1 system 1399:1404 the significantly increased digestive system 1361:1404 the significantly increased digestive system 1361:1404 The functional maturation of the gut bacterial community was characterized by the significantly increased digestive system, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and vitamin B biosynthesis as the piglets aged. 27853453 5 51 theme bacterial 495:503 arg1 community 505:513 gut bacterial community 491:513 gut bacterial community 491:513 In contrast to the relatively stabilized gut fungal community, gut bacterial community showed a marked drop in alpha diversity, accompanied by significant alterations in taxonomic compositions. 27853453 8 52 theme piglets 1274:1280 arg1 communities 1242:1252 gut fungal communities 1231:1252 gut fungal communities of weaned miniature piglets 1231:1280 Kazachstania telluris was the signature species predominated in gut fungal communities of weaned miniature piglets. 27853453 0 53 theme Miniature 44:52 arg1 Piglets 54:60 Weaned Miniature Piglets 37:60 Weaned Miniature Piglets 37:60 Gradual Changes of Gut Microbiota in Weaned Miniature Piglets. 27853453 10 54 theme marked 1519:1524 arg1 changes 1540:1546 marked gut microbial changes 1519:1546 marked gut microbial changes in Congjiang miniature piglets 1519:1577 These findings suggest that marked gut microbial changes in Congjiang miniature piglets may contribute to understand the potential gut microbiota development of weaned infants. 27853453 4 55 theme miniature 409:417 arg1 piglets 419:425 weaned Congjiang miniature piglets 392:425 weaned Congjiang miniature piglets 392:425 Here, this study was conducted to explore how the gut microbiota develops in weaned Congjiang miniature piglets. 27853453 6 56 theme bacterial 730:738 arg1 genera 740:745 7 bacterial genera 728:745 7 bacterial genera (Fibrobacter, Collinsella, Roseburia, Prevotella, Dorea, Howardella, and Blautia) 728:827 The relative abundances of 24 bacterial genera significantly declined, whereas the relative abundances of 7 bacterial genera (Fibrobacter, Collinsella, Roseburia, Prevotella, Dorea, Howardella, and Blautia) significantly increased with the age of weaned piglets. 27853453 8 57 theme miniature 1264:1272 arg1 piglets 1274:1280 weaned miniature piglets 1257:1280 weaned miniature piglets 1257:1280 Kazachstania telluris was the signature species predominated in gut fungal communities of weaned miniature piglets. 27853453 0 58 theme Weaned 37:42 arg1 Piglets 54:60 Weaned Miniature Piglets 37:60 Weaned Miniature Piglets 37:60 Gradual Changes of Gut Microbiota in Weaned Miniature Piglets. 27853453 10 59 theme microbial 1530:1538 arg1 changes 1540:1546 marked gut microbial changes 1519:1546 marked gut microbial changes in Congjiang miniature piglets 1519:1577 These findings suggest that marked gut microbial changes in Congjiang miniature piglets may contribute to understand the potential gut microbiota development of weaned infants. 27853453 7 60 theme taxonomic 892:900 arg1 analysis 902:909 Fungal taxonomic analysis 885:909 Fungal taxonomic analysis 885:909 Fungal taxonomic analysis showed that the relative abundances of two genera (Kazachstania and Aureobasidium) significantly decreased, whereas the relative abundances of four genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Simplicillium, and Candida) significantly increased as the piglets aged. 27853453 8 61 theme weaned 1257:1262 arg1 piglets 1274:1280 weaned miniature piglets 1257:1280 weaned miniature piglets 1257:1280 Kazachstania telluris was the signature species predominated in gut fungal communities of weaned miniature piglets. 27853453 6 62 theme relative 626:633 arg1 abundances 635:644 The relative abundances 622:644 The relative abundances of 24 bacterial genera 622:667 The relative abundances of 24 bacterial genera significantly declined, whereas the relative abundances of 7 bacterial genera (Fibrobacter, Collinsella, Roseburia, Prevotella, Dorea, Howardella, and Blautia) significantly increased with the age of weaned piglets. 27853453 6 63 dep declined 683:690 arg1 whereas 693:699 whereas 693:699 whereas 693:699 The relative abundances of 24 bacterial genera significantly declined, whereas the relative abundances of 7 bacterial genera (Fibrobacter, Collinsella, Roseburia, Prevotella, Dorea, Howardella, and Blautia) significantly increased with the age of weaned piglets. 27853453 4 64 theme gut 365:367 arg1 microbiota 369:378 the gut microbiota 361:378 the gut microbiota 361:378 Here, this study was conducted to explore how the gut microbiota develops in weaned Congjiang miniature piglets. 27853453 7 65 dep genera 1059:1064 arg1 Simplicillium 1094:1106 Simplicillium 1094:1106 Simplicillium 1094:1106 Fungal taxonomic analysis showed that the relative abundances of two genera (Kazachstania and Aureobasidium) significantly decreased, whereas the relative abundances of four genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Simplicillium, and Candida) significantly increased as the piglets aged. 27853453 7 65 dep genera 1059:1064 arg1 Candida 1113:1119 Candida 1113:1119 Candida 1113:1119 Fungal taxonomic analysis showed that the relative abundances of two genera (Kazachstania and Aureobasidium) significantly decreased, whereas the relative abundances of four genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Simplicillium, and Candida) significantly increased as the piglets aged. 27853453 7 65 dep genera 1059:1064 arg1 Cladosporium 1080:1091 Cladosporium 1080:1091 Cladosporium 1080:1091 Fungal taxonomic analysis showed that the relative abundances of two genera (Kazachstania and Aureobasidium) significantly decreased, whereas the relative abundances of four genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Simplicillium, and Candida) significantly increased as the piglets aged. 27853453 1 66 theme early 116:120 arg1 life 122:125 the early life 112:125 the early life 112:125 Colonization of gut microbiota in mammals during the early life is vital to host health. 27853453 10 67 from changes 1540:1546 arg1 piglets 1571:1577 Congjiang miniature piglets 1551:1577 Congjiang miniature piglets 1551:1577 These findings suggest that marked gut microbial changes in Congjiang miniature piglets may contribute to understand the potential gut microbiota development of weaned infants. 27853453 9 68 theme glycan 1407:1412 arg1 biosynthesis 1414:1425 glycan biosynthesis 1407:1425 glycan biosynthesis 1407:1425 The functional maturation of the gut bacterial community was characterized by the significantly increased digestive system, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and vitamin B biosynthesis as the piglets aged. 27853453 6 69 theme genera 740:745 arg1 abundances 714:723 the relative abundances 701:723 the relative abundances of 7 bacterial genera (Fibrobacter, Collinsella, Roseburia, Prevotella, Dorea, Howardella, and Blautia) 701:827 The relative abundances of 24 bacterial genera significantly declined, whereas the relative abundances of 7 bacterial genera (Fibrobacter, Collinsella, Roseburia, Prevotella, Dorea, Howardella, and Blautia) significantly increased with the age of weaned piglets. 27853453 5 70 theme fungal 473:478 arg1 community 480:488 the relatively stabilized gut fungal community 443:488 the relatively stabilized gut fungal community 443:488 In contrast to the relatively stabilized gut fungal community, gut bacterial community showed a marked drop in alpha diversity, accompanied by significant alterations in taxonomic compositions. 27853453 5 71 from drop 531:534 arg1 diversity 545:553 alpha diversity 539:553 alpha diversity 539:553 In contrast to the relatively stabilized gut fungal community, gut bacterial community showed a marked drop in alpha diversity, accompanied by significant alterations in taxonomic compositions. 27853453 9 72 theme increased 1379:1387 arg1 system 1399:1404 the significantly increased digestive system 1361:1404 the significantly increased digestive system 1361:1404 The functional maturation of the gut bacterial community was characterized by the significantly increased digestive system, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and vitamin B biosynthesis as the piglets aged. 27853453 10 73 theme microbiota 1626:1635 arg1 development 1637:1647 the potential gut microbiota development 1608:1647 the potential gut microbiota development of weaned infants 1608:1665 These findings suggest that marked gut microbial changes in Congjiang miniature piglets may contribute to understand the potential gut microbiota development of weaned infants. 27853453 6 74 theme relative 705:712 arg1 abundances 714:723 the relative abundances 701:723 the relative abundances of 7 bacterial genera (Fibrobacter, Collinsella, Roseburia, Prevotella, Dorea, Howardella, and Blautia) 701:827 The relative abundances of 24 bacterial genera significantly declined, whereas the relative abundances of 7 bacterial genera (Fibrobacter, Collinsella, Roseburia, Prevotella, Dorea, Howardella, and Blautia) significantly increased with the age of weaned piglets. 27853453 10 75 theme miniature 1561:1569 arg1 piglets 1571:1577 Congjiang miniature piglets 1551:1577 Congjiang miniature piglets 1551:1577 These findings suggest that marked gut microbial changes in Congjiang miniature piglets may contribute to understand the potential gut microbiota development of weaned infants. 27853453 10 76 theme infants 1659:1665 arg1 development 1637:1647 the potential gut microbiota development 1608:1647 the potential gut microbiota development of weaned infants 1608:1665 These findings suggest that marked gut microbial changes in Congjiang miniature piglets may contribute to understand the potential gut microbiota development of weaned infants. 27853453 3 77 from development 263:273 arg1 piglets 306:312 miniature piglets 296:312 miniature piglets 296:312 However, less is known about the development of gut microbiota in miniature piglets. 27853453 3 78 theme miniature 296:304 arg1 piglets 306:312 miniature piglets 296:312 miniature piglets 296:312 However, less is known about the development of gut microbiota in miniature piglets. 27853453 6 79 theme piglets 876:882 arg1 age 862:864 the age 858:864 the age of weaned piglets 858:882 The relative abundances of 24 bacterial genera significantly declined, whereas the relative abundances of 7 bacterial genera (Fibrobacter, Collinsella, Roseburia, Prevotella, Dorea, Howardella, and Blautia) significantly increased with the age of weaned piglets. 27853453 2 80 theme infant 216:221 arg1 model 223:227 an optimal infant model 205:227 an optimal infant model 205:227 The miniature piglet has recently been considered as an optimal infant model. 27853453 2 80 theme infant 216:221 arg1 piglet 166:171 The miniature piglet 152:171 The miniature piglet 152:171 The miniature piglet has recently been considered as an optimal infant model. 27853453 1 81 from Colonization 63:74 arg1 mammals 97:103 mammals 97:103 mammals 97:103 Colonization of gut microbiota in mammals during the early life is vital to host health. 27612686 0 0 theme insulin 92:98 arg1 delivery 80:87 oral delivery 75:87 oral delivery of insulin 75:98 A composite hydrogel system containing glucose-responsive nanocarriers for oral delivery of insulin. 27612686 5 1 theme transport 818:826 arg1 process 828:834 the transport process 814:834 the transport process 814:834 In order to enhance the oral bioavailability of insulin, the insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers were further encapsulated into a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel environment for overcoming multiple barriers and providing multi-protection for insulin during the transport process. 27612686 5 2 theme hyaluronic 689:698 arg1 acid 700:703 a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid 664:703 a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel environment for overcoming multiple barriers and providing multi-protection for insulin during the transport process 664:834 In order to enhance the oral bioavailability of insulin, the insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers were further encapsulated into a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel environment for overcoming multiple barriers and providing multi-protection for insulin during the transport process. 27612686 5 2 theme hyaluronic 689:698 arg1 HA 706:707 HA 706:707 HA 706:707 In order to enhance the oral bioavailability of insulin, the insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers were further encapsulated into a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel environment for overcoming multiple barriers and providing multi-protection for insulin during the transport process. 27612686 7 3 theme diabetic 944:951 arg1 rats 953:956 the diabetic rats 940:956 the diabetic rats 940:956 After oral administration to the diabetic rats, the released insulin from hydrogel systems containing insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers exhibited an effective hypoglycemic effect for longer time compared with insulin-loaded nanocarriers. 27612686 5 4 theme acid 700:703 arg1 environment 719:729 a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel environment 664:729 a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel environment for overcoming multiple barriers and providing multi-protection for insulin during the transport process 664:834 In order to enhance the oral bioavailability of insulin, the insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers were further encapsulated into a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel environment for overcoming multiple barriers and providing multi-protection for insulin during the transport process. 27612686 7 5 theme glucose-responsive 1028:1045 arg1 nanocarriers 1047:1058 insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers 1013:1058 insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers 1013:1058 After oral administration to the diabetic rats, the released insulin from hydrogel systems containing insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers exhibited an effective hypoglycemic effect for longer time compared with insulin-loaded nanocarriers. 27612686 3 6 theme Caco-2 379:384 arg1 cells 386:390 Caco-2 cells 379:390 Caco-2 cells 379:390 The resultant nanocarriers exhibited relative low cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cells and excellent stability against protein solution. 27612686 6 7 theme hypoglycemic 841:852 arg1 effect 854:859 The hypoglycemic effect 837:859 The hypoglycemic effect for oral delivery of insulin 837:888 The hypoglycemic effect for oral delivery of insulin was studied in vivo. 27612686 6 8 theme oral 865:868 arg1 delivery 870:877 oral delivery 865:877 oral delivery of insulin 865:888 The hypoglycemic effect for oral delivery of insulin was studied in vivo. 27612686 5 9 theme three-dimensional 666:682 arg1 acid 700:703 a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid 664:703 a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel environment for overcoming multiple barriers and providing multi-protection for insulin during the transport process 664:834 In order to enhance the oral bioavailability of insulin, the insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers were further encapsulated into a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel environment for overcoming multiple barriers and providing multi-protection for insulin during the transport process. 27612686 5 9 theme three-dimensional 666:682 arg1 HA 706:707 HA 706:707 HA 706:707 In order to enhance the oral bioavailability of insulin, the insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers were further encapsulated into a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel environment for overcoming multiple barriers and providing multi-protection for insulin during the transport process. 27612686 7 10 theme insulin-loaded 1013:1026 arg1 nanocarriers 1047:1058 insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers 1013:1058 insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers 1013:1058 After oral administration to the diabetic rats, the released insulin from hydrogel systems containing insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers exhibited an effective hypoglycemic effect for longer time compared with insulin-loaded nanocarriers. 27612686 7 11 theme oral 917:920 arg1 administration 922:935 oral administration 917:935 oral administration to the diabetic rats 917:956 After oral administration to the diabetic rats, the released insulin from hydrogel systems containing insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers exhibited an effective hypoglycemic effect for longer time compared with insulin-loaded nanocarriers. 27612686 1 12 theme much 177:180 arg1 attention 182:190 much attention 177:190 much attention 177:190 Development of an oral delivery strategy for insulin therapeutics has drawn much attention in recent years. 27612686 5 13 theme insulin-loaded 586:599 arg1 nanocarriers 620:631 the insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers 582:631 the insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers 582:631 In order to enhance the oral bioavailability of insulin, the insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers were further encapsulated into a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel environment for overcoming multiple barriers and providing multi-protection for insulin during the transport process. 27612686 2 14 theme insulin 273:279 arg1 loading 262:268 loading 262:268 loading of insulin 262:279 In this study, a glucose-responsive nanocarriers for loading of insulin has been prepared firstly. 27612686 0 15 theme composite 2:10 arg1 system 21:26 A composite hydrogel system 0:26 A composite hydrogel system 0:26 A composite hydrogel system containing glucose-responsive nanocarriers for oral delivery of insulin. 27612686 5 16 theme glucose-responsive 601:618 arg1 nanocarriers 620:631 the insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers 582:631 the insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers 582:631 In order to enhance the oral bioavailability of insulin, the insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers were further encapsulated into a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel environment for overcoming multiple barriers and providing multi-protection for insulin during the transport process. 27612686 5 17 theme hydrogel 710:717 arg1 environment 719:729 a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel environment 664:729 a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel environment for overcoming multiple barriers and providing multi-protection for insulin during the transport process 664:834 In order to enhance the oral bioavailability of insulin, the insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers were further encapsulated into a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel environment for overcoming multiple barriers and providing multi-protection for insulin during the transport process. 27612686 5 18 dep three-dimensional 666:682 arg1 3D 685:686 3D 685:686 3D 685:686 In order to enhance the oral bioavailability of insulin, the insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers were further encapsulated into a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel environment for overcoming multiple barriers and providing multi-protection for insulin during the transport process. 27612686 1 19 theme recent 195:200 arg1 years 202:206 recent years 195:206 recent years 195:206 Development of an oral delivery strategy for insulin therapeutics has drawn much attention in recent years. 27612686 3 20 theme excellent 396:404 arg1 stability 406:414 excellent stability 396:414 excellent stability 396:414 The resultant nanocarriers exhibited relative low cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cells and excellent stability against protein solution. 27612686 5 21 theme multiple 746:753 arg1 barriers 755:762 multiple barriers 746:762 multiple barriers 746:762 In order to enhance the oral bioavailability of insulin, the insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers were further encapsulated into a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel environment for overcoming multiple barriers and providing multi-protection for insulin during the transport process. 27612686 5 22 dep enhance 537:543 arg1 to 534:535 to 534:535 to 534:535 In order to enhance the oral bioavailability of insulin, the insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers were further encapsulated into a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel environment for overcoming multiple barriers and providing multi-protection for insulin during the transport process. 27612686 0 23 theme glucose-responsive 39:56 arg1 nanocarriers 58:69 glucose-responsive nanocarriers 39:69 glucose-responsive nanocarriers for oral delivery of insulin 39:98 A composite hydrogel system containing glucose-responsive nanocarriers for oral delivery of insulin. 27612686 2 24 theme glucose-responsive 226:243 arg1 nanocarriers 245:256 a glucose-responsive nanocarriers 224:256 a glucose-responsive nanocarriers for loading of insulin 224:279 In this study, a glucose-responsive nanocarriers for loading of insulin has been prepared firstly. 27612686 7 25 contain containing 1002:1011 arg2 nanocarriers 1047:1058 insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers 1013:1058 insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers 1013:1058 After oral administration to the diabetic rats, the released insulin from hydrogel systems containing insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers exhibited an effective hypoglycemic effect for longer time compared with insulin-loaded nanocarriers. 27612686 7 25 contain containing 1002:1011 arg1 systems 994:1000 hydrogel systems 985:1000 hydrogel systems containing insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers 985:1058 After oral administration to the diabetic rats, the released insulin from hydrogel systems containing insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers exhibited an effective hypoglycemic effect for longer time compared with insulin-loaded nanocarriers. 27612686 7 26 theme longer 1107:1112 arg1 time 1114:1117 longer time 1107:1117 longer time 1107:1117 After oral administration to the diabetic rats, the released insulin from hydrogel systems containing insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers exhibited an effective hypoglycemic effect for longer time compared with insulin-loaded nanocarriers. 27612686 3 27 theme protein 424:430 arg1 solution 432:439 protein solution 424:439 protein solution 424:439 The resultant nanocarriers exhibited relative low cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cells and excellent stability against protein solution. 27612686 7 28 theme insulin-loaded 1133:1146 arg1 nanocarriers 1148:1159 insulin-loaded nanocarriers 1133:1159 insulin-loaded nanocarriers 1133:1159 After oral administration to the diabetic rats, the released insulin from hydrogel systems containing insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers exhibited an effective hypoglycemic effect for longer time compared with insulin-loaded nanocarriers. 27612686 0 29 theme oral 75:78 arg1 delivery 80:87 oral delivery 75:87 oral delivery of insulin 75:98 A composite hydrogel system containing glucose-responsive nanocarriers for oral delivery of insulin. 27612686 5 30 theme insulin 573:579 arg1 bioavailability 554:568 the oral bioavailability 545:568 the oral bioavailability of insulin 545:579 In order to enhance the oral bioavailability of insulin, the insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers were further encapsulated into a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel environment for overcoming multiple barriers and providing multi-protection for insulin during the transport process. 27612686 1 31 theme oral 119:122 arg1 strategy 133:140 an oral delivery strategy 116:140 an oral delivery strategy for insulin therapeutics 116:165 Development of an oral delivery strategy for insulin therapeutics has drawn much attention in recent years. 27612686 3 32 theme resultant 312:320 arg1 nanocarriers 322:333 The resultant nanocarriers 308:333 The resultant nanocarriers 308:333 The resultant nanocarriers exhibited relative low cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cells and excellent stability against protein solution. 27612686 4 33 theme release 454:460 arg1 behaviors 462:470 The insulin release behaviors 442:470 The insulin release behaviors 442:470 The insulin release behaviors were evaluated triggered by pH and glucose in vitro. 27612686 7 34 theme hydrogel 985:992 arg1 systems 994:1000 hydrogel systems 985:1000 hydrogel systems containing insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers 985:1058 After oral administration to the diabetic rats, the released insulin from hydrogel systems containing insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers exhibited an effective hypoglycemic effect for longer time compared with insulin-loaded nanocarriers. 27612686 1 35 theme delivery 124:131 arg1 strategy 133:140 an oral delivery strategy 116:140 an oral delivery strategy for insulin therapeutics 116:165 Development of an oral delivery strategy for insulin therapeutics has drawn much attention in recent years. 27612686 4 36 theme insulin 446:452 arg1 behaviors 462:470 The insulin release behaviors 442:470 The insulin release behaviors 442:470 The insulin release behaviors were evaluated triggered by pH and glucose in vitro. 27612686 1 37 theme strategy 133:140 arg1 Development 101:111 Development 101:111 Development of an oral delivery strategy for insulin therapeutics 101:165 Development of an oral delivery strategy for insulin therapeutics has drawn much attention in recent years. 27612686 7 38 theme released 963:970 arg1 insulin 972:978 the released insulin 959:978 the released insulin from hydrogel systems containing insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers 959:1058 After oral administration to the diabetic rats, the released insulin from hydrogel systems containing insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers exhibited an effective hypoglycemic effect for longer time compared with insulin-loaded nanocarriers. 27612686 7 39 theme effective 1073:1081 arg1 effect 1096:1101 an effective hypoglycemic effect 1070:1101 an effective hypoglycemic effect for longer time 1070:1117 After oral administration to the diabetic rats, the released insulin from hydrogel systems containing insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers exhibited an effective hypoglycemic effect for longer time compared with insulin-loaded nanocarriers. 27612686 7 40 from systems 994:1000 arg1 insulin 972:978 the released insulin 959:978 the released insulin from hydrogel systems containing insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers 959:1058 After oral administration to the diabetic rats, the released insulin from hydrogel systems containing insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers exhibited an effective hypoglycemic effect for longer time compared with insulin-loaded nanocarriers. 27612686 3 41 theme relative 345:352 arg1 cytotoxicity 358:369 relative low cytotoxicity 345:369 relative low cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cells and excellent stability against protein solution 345:439 The resultant nanocarriers exhibited relative low cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cells and excellent stability against protein solution. 27612686 6 42 theme insulin 882:888 arg1 delivery 870:877 oral delivery 865:877 oral delivery of insulin 865:888 The hypoglycemic effect for oral delivery of insulin was studied in vivo. 27612686 7 43 theme hypoglycemic 1083:1094 arg1 effect 1096:1101 an effective hypoglycemic effect 1070:1101 an effective hypoglycemic effect for longer time 1070:1117 After oral administration to the diabetic rats, the released insulin from hydrogel systems containing insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers exhibited an effective hypoglycemic effect for longer time compared with insulin-loaded nanocarriers. 27612686 1 44 theme insulin 146:152 arg1 therapeutics 154:165 insulin therapeutics 146:165 insulin therapeutics 146:165 Development of an oral delivery strategy for insulin therapeutics has drawn much attention in recent years. 27612686 3 45 theme low 354:356 arg1 cytotoxicity 358:369 relative low cytotoxicity 345:369 relative low cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cells and excellent stability against protein solution 345:439 The resultant nanocarriers exhibited relative low cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cells and excellent stability against protein solution. 27612686 0 46 theme hydrogel 12:19 arg1 system 21:26 A composite hydrogel system 0:26 A composite hydrogel system 0:26 A composite hydrogel system containing glucose-responsive nanocarriers for oral delivery of insulin. 27612686 5 47 theme oral 549:552 arg1 bioavailability 554:568 the oral bioavailability 545:568 the oral bioavailability of insulin 545:579 In order to enhance the oral bioavailability of insulin, the insulin-loaded glucose-responsive nanocarriers were further encapsulated into a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel environment for overcoming multiple barriers and providing multi-protection for insulin during the transport process. 29254012 2 0 theme nanocatalyst 521:532 arg1 characterization 480:495 Physicochemical characterization 464:495 Physicochemical characterization of fabricated palladium nanocatalyst 464:532 Physicochemical characterization of fabricated palladium nanocatalyst was illuminated with FT-IR, TG/DTG, SEM/EDAX, XRD, and ICP-OES analyses. 29254012 5 1 theme conversion 1173:1182 arg1 yields 1184:1189 high conversion yields 1168:1189 high conversion yields 1168:1189 As a result of the tests, palladium nanocatalyst showed excellent catalytic performance with high conversion yields for a wide range of substrates and with a very low catalyst loading for the Suzuki reactions. 29254012 2 2 theme palladium 511:519 arg1 nanocatalyst 521:532 fabricated palladium nanocatalyst 500:532 fabricated palladium nanocatalyst 500:532 Physicochemical characterization of fabricated palladium nanocatalyst was illuminated with FT-IR, TG/DTG, SEM/EDAX, XRD, and ICP-OES analyses. 29254012 5 3 theme tests 1094:1098 arg1 performance 1151:1161 excellent catalytic performance 1131:1161 excellent catalytic performance with high conversion yields for a wide range of substrates and with a very low catalyst loading for the Suzuki reactions 1131:1282 As a result of the tests, palladium nanocatalyst showed excellent catalytic performance with high conversion yields for a wide range of substrates and with a very low catalyst loading for the Suzuki reactions. 29254012 5 3 theme tests 1094:1098 arg1 result 1080:1085 a result 1078:1085 a result of the tests 1078:1098 As a result of the tests, palladium nanocatalyst showed excellent catalytic performance with high conversion yields for a wide range of substrates and with a very low catalyst loading for the Suzuki reactions. 29254012 1 4 theme support 418:424 arg1 polysaccharides 310:324 sustainable polysaccharides 298:324 sustainable polysaccharides 298:324 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 29254012 1 4 theme support 418:424 arg1 materials 426:434 support materials 418:434 support materials for metallic nanoparticles 418:461 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 29254012 1 5 theme metallic 440:447 arg1 nanoparticles 449:461 metallic nanoparticles 440:461 metallic nanoparticles 440:461 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 29254012 6 6 theme nanocatalyst 1325:1336 arg1 performance 1300:1310 Sustainability performance 1285:1310 Sustainability performance of palladium nanocatalyst 1285:1336 Sustainability performance of palladium nanocatalyst was also studied, and it is found that the catalyst was able to be recycled for eight successive runs. 29254012 0 7 theme catalytic 108:116 arg1 performance 118:128 its catalytic performance 104:128 its catalytic performance in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions 104:165 Production of novel palladium nanocatalyst stabilized with sustainable chitosan/cellulose composite and its catalytic performance in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. 29254012 1 8 dep cheap 337:341 arg1 environmental 355:367 environmental 355:367 environmental 355:367 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 29254012 1 8 dep cheap 337:341 arg1 non-toxic 344:352 non-toxic 344:352 non-toxic 344:352 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 29254012 5 9 theme substrates 1211:1220 arg1 range 1202:1206 a wide range 1195:1206 a wide range of substrates 1195:1220 As a result of the tests, palladium nanocatalyst showed excellent catalytic performance with high conversion yields for a wide range of substrates and with a very low catalyst loading for the Suzuki reactions. 29254012 0 10 theme Suzuki-Miyaura 133:146 arg1 reactions 157:165 Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions 133:165 Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions 133:165 Production of novel palladium nanocatalyst stabilized with sustainable chitosan/cellulose composite and its catalytic performance in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. 29254012 1 11 theme abundant 379:386 arg1 polysaccharides 310:324 sustainable polysaccharides 298:324 sustainable polysaccharides 298:324 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 29254012 1 11 theme abundant 379:386 arg1 friendly 369:376 cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly 337:376 cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly 337:376 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 29254012 4 12 dep treatment 1029:1037 arg1 e.g. 1018:1021 e.g. 1018:1021 e.g. 1018:1021 Then catalytic performance of the designed nanocatalyst was investigated in the synthesis of a series of biphenyl compounds via the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction by using the green method which is conducted in a very short-time, under low temperature, and without the presence of any toxic chemical solvents (e.g., 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W at 50°C). 29254012 4 13 theme solvents 1008:1015 arg1 presence 977:984 the presence 973:984 the presence of any toxic chemical solvents 973:1015 Then catalytic performance of the designed nanocatalyst was investigated in the synthesis of a series of biphenyl compounds via the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction by using the green method which is conducted in a very short-time, under low temperature, and without the presence of any toxic chemical solvents (e.g., 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W at 50°C). 29254012 4 14 theme chemical 999:1006 arg1 solvents 1008:1015 any toxic chemical solvents 989:1015 any toxic chemical solvents 989:1015 Then catalytic performance of the designed nanocatalyst was investigated in the synthesis of a series of biphenyl compounds via the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction by using the green method which is conducted in a very short-time, under low temperature, and without the presence of any toxic chemical solvents (e.g., 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W at 50°C). 29254012 5 15 theme high 1168:1171 arg1 yields 1184:1189 high conversion yields 1168:1189 high conversion yields 1168:1189 As a result of the tests, palladium nanocatalyst showed excellent catalytic performance with high conversion yields for a wide range of substrates and with a very low catalyst loading for the Suzuki reactions. 29254012 5 16 theme catalytic 1141:1149 arg1 performance 1151:1161 excellent catalytic performance 1131:1161 excellent catalytic performance with high conversion yields for a wide range of substrates and with a very low catalyst loading for the Suzuki reactions 1131:1282 As a result of the tests, palladium nanocatalyst showed excellent catalytic performance with high conversion yields for a wide range of substrates and with a very low catalyst loading for the Suzuki reactions. 29254012 5 16 theme catalytic 1141:1149 arg1 result 1080:1085 a result 1078:1085 a result of the tests 1078:1098 As a result of the tests, palladium nanocatalyst showed excellent catalytic performance with high conversion yields for a wide range of substrates and with a very low catalyst loading for the Suzuki reactions. 29254012 4 17 theme nanocatalyst 758:769 arg1 performance 730:740 Then catalytic performance 715:740 Then catalytic performance of the designed nanocatalyst 715:769 Then catalytic performance of the designed nanocatalyst was investigated in the synthesis of a series of biphenyl compounds via the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction by using the green method which is conducted in a very short-time, under low temperature, and without the presence of any toxic chemical solvents (e.g., 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W at 50°C). 29254012 1 18 theme new 197:199 arg1 nanocatalyst 211:222 a new palladium nanocatalyst 195:222 a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time 195:273 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 29254012 1 19 from nature 391:396 arg1 abundant 379:386 abundant 379:386 abundant 379:386 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 29254012 4 20 from treatment 1029:1037 arg1 oven 1052:1055 microwave oven 1042:1055 microwave oven 1042:1055 Then catalytic performance of the designed nanocatalyst was investigated in the synthesis of a series of biphenyl compounds via the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction by using the green method which is conducted in a very short-time, under low temperature, and without the presence of any toxic chemical solvents (e.g., 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W at 50°C). 29254012 4 21 theme designed 749:756 arg1 nanocatalyst 758:769 the designed nanocatalyst 745:769 the designed nanocatalyst 745:769 Then catalytic performance of the designed nanocatalyst was investigated in the synthesis of a series of biphenyl compounds via the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction by using the green method which is conducted in a very short-time, under low temperature, and without the presence of any toxic chemical solvents (e.g., 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W at 50°C). 29254012 1 22 theme palladium 201:209 arg1 nanocatalyst 211:222 a new palladium nanocatalyst 195:222 a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time 195:273 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 29254012 0 23 theme palladium 20:28 arg1 nanocatalyst 30:41 novel palladium nanocatalyst 14:41 novel palladium nanocatalyst 14:41 Production of novel palladium nanocatalyst stabilized with sustainable chitosan/cellulose composite and its catalytic performance in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. 29254012 1 24 theme sustainable 298:308 arg1 polysaccharides 310:324 sustainable polysaccharides 298:324 sustainable polysaccharides 298:324 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 29254012 1 24 theme sustainable 298:308 arg1 friendly 369:376 cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly 337:376 cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly 337:376 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 29254012 1 24 theme sustainable 298:308 arg1 materials 426:434 support materials 418:434 support materials for metallic nanoparticles 418:461 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 29254012 6 25 theme palladium 1315:1323 arg1 nanocatalyst 1325:1336 palladium nanocatalyst 1315:1336 palladium nanocatalyst 1315:1336 Sustainability performance of palladium nanocatalyst was also studied, and it is found that the catalyst was able to be recycled for eight successive runs. 29254012 5 26 with performance 1151:1161 arg1 loading 1251:1257 a very low catalyst loading 1231:1257 a very low catalyst loading for the Suzuki reactions 1231:1282 As a result of the tests, palladium nanocatalyst showed excellent catalytic performance with high conversion yields for a wide range of substrates and with a very low catalyst loading for the Suzuki reactions. 29254012 5 26 with performance 1151:1161 arg1 yields 1184:1189 high conversion yields 1168:1189 high conversion yields 1168:1189 As a result of the tests, palladium nanocatalyst showed excellent catalytic performance with high conversion yields for a wide range of substrates and with a very low catalyst loading for the Suzuki reactions. 29254012 4 27 theme green 884:888 arg1 method 890:895 the green method 880:895 the green method which is conducted in a very short-time, under low temperature, and without the presence of any toxic chemical solvents (e.g., 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W at 50°C) 880:1072 Then catalytic performance of the designed nanocatalyst was investigated in the synthesis of a series of biphenyl compounds via the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction by using the green method which is conducted in a very short-time, under low temperature, and without the presence of any toxic chemical solvents (e.g., 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W at 50°C). 29254012 5 28 theme Suzuki 1267:1272 arg1 reactions 1274:1282 the Suzuki reactions 1263:1282 the Suzuki reactions 1263:1282 As a result of the tests, palladium nanocatalyst showed excellent catalytic performance with high conversion yields for a wide range of substrates and with a very low catalyst loading for the Suzuki reactions. 29254012 0 29 theme novel 14:18 arg1 nanocatalyst 30:41 novel palladium nanocatalyst 14:41 novel palladium nanocatalyst 14:41 Production of novel palladium nanocatalyst stabilized with sustainable chitosan/cellulose composite and its catalytic performance in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. 29254012 1 30 theme polysaccharides 310:324 arg1 use 291:293 the use 287:293 the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles 287:461 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 29254012 0 31 theme coupling 148:155 arg1 reactions 157:165 Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions 133:165 Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions 133:165 Production of novel palladium nanocatalyst stabilized with sustainable chitosan/cellulose composite and its catalytic performance in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. 29254012 2 32 theme fabricated 500:509 arg1 nanocatalyst 521:532 fabricated palladium nanocatalyst 500:532 fabricated palladium nanocatalyst 500:532 Physicochemical characterization of fabricated palladium nanocatalyst was illuminated with FT-IR, TG/DTG, SEM/EDAX, XRD, and ICP-OES analyses. 29254012 4 33 from 50°C 1068:1071 arg1 treatment 1029:1037 5min treatment 1024:1037 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W 1024:1063 Then catalytic performance of the designed nanocatalyst was investigated in the synthesis of a series of biphenyl compounds via the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction by using the green method which is conducted in a very short-time, under low temperature, and without the presence of any toxic chemical solvents (e.g., 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W at 50°C). 29254012 4 34 theme low 944:946 arg1 temperature 948:958 low temperature 944:958 low temperature 944:958 Then catalytic performance of the designed nanocatalyst was investigated in the synthesis of a series of biphenyl compounds via the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction by using the green method which is conducted in a very short-time, under low temperature, and without the presence of any toxic chemical solvents (e.g., 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W at 50°C). 29254012 1 35 theme chitosan/cellulose 227:244 arg1 composite 246:254 chitosan/cellulose composite 227:254 chitosan/cellulose composite 227:254 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 29254012 0 36 theme nanocatalyst 30:41 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of novel palladium nanocatalyst 0:41 Production of novel palladium nanocatalyst stabilized with sustainable chitosan/cellulose composite and its catalytic performance in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. 29254012 5 37 theme palladium 1101:1109 arg1 nanocatalyst 1111:1122 palladium nanocatalyst 1101:1122 palladium nanocatalyst 1101:1122 As a result of the tests, palladium nanocatalyst showed excellent catalytic performance with high conversion yields for a wide range of substrates and with a very low catalyst loading for the Suzuki reactions. 29254012 4 38 theme toxic 993:997 arg1 solvents 1008:1015 any toxic chemical solvents 989:1015 any toxic chemical solvents 989:1015 Then catalytic performance of the designed nanocatalyst was investigated in the synthesis of a series of biphenyl compounds via the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction by using the green method which is conducted in a very short-time, under low temperature, and without the presence of any toxic chemical solvents (e.g., 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W at 50°C). 29254012 0 39 from composite 90:98 arg1 reactions 157:165 Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions 133:165 Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions 133:165 Production of novel palladium nanocatalyst stabilized with sustainable chitosan/cellulose composite and its catalytic performance in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. 29254012 4 40 theme compounds 829:837 arg1 series 810:815 a series 808:815 a series of biphenyl compounds 808:837 Then catalytic performance of the designed nanocatalyst was investigated in the synthesis of a series of biphenyl compounds via the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction by using the green method which is conducted in a very short-time, under low temperature, and without the presence of any toxic chemical solvents (e.g., 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W at 50°C). 29254012 4 41 dep short-time 926:935 arg1 treatment 1029:1037 5min treatment 1024:1037 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W 1024:1063 Then catalytic performance of the designed nanocatalyst was investigated in the synthesis of a series of biphenyl compounds via the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction by using the green method which is conducted in a very short-time, under low temperature, and without the presence of any toxic chemical solvents (e.g., 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W at 50°C). 29254012 0 42 theme sustainable 59:69 arg1 composite 90:98 sustainable chitosan/cellulose composite 59:98 sustainable chitosan/cellulose composite 59:98 Production of novel palladium nanocatalyst stabilized with sustainable chitosan/cellulose composite and its catalytic performance in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. 29254012 4 43 theme Suzuki-Miyaura 847:860 arg1 reaction 862:869 the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction 843:869 the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction 843:869 Then catalytic performance of the designed nanocatalyst was investigated in the synthesis of a series of biphenyl compounds via the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction by using the green method which is conducted in a very short-time, under low temperature, and without the presence of any toxic chemical solvents (e.g., 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W at 50°C). 29254012 2 44 theme Physicochemical 464:478 arg1 characterization 480:495 Physicochemical characterization 464:495 Physicochemical characterization of fabricated palladium nanocatalyst 464:532 Physicochemical characterization of fabricated palladium nanocatalyst was illuminated with FT-IR, TG/DTG, SEM/EDAX, XRD, and ICP-OES analyses. 29254012 1 45 theme cheap 337:341 arg1 polysaccharides 310:324 sustainable polysaccharides 298:324 sustainable polysaccharides 298:324 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 29254012 1 45 theme cheap 337:341 arg1 friendly 369:376 cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly 337:376 cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly 337:376 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 29254012 2 46 theme ICP-OES 589:595 arg1 analyses 597:604 ICP-OES analyses 589:604 ICP-OES analyses 589:604 Physicochemical characterization of fabricated palladium nanocatalyst was illuminated with FT-IR, TG/DTG, SEM/EDAX, XRD, and ICP-OES analyses. 29254012 3 47 theme particle 688:695 arg1 26-30nm 706:712 26-30nm 706:712 26-30nm 706:712 Pd nanoparticles were found to be almost spherically structured, and the average particle size was 26-30nm. 29254012 3 47 theme particle 688:695 arg1 size 697:700 the average particle size 676:700 the average particle size 676:700 Pd nanoparticles were found to be almost spherically structured, and the average particle size was 26-30nm. 29254012 3 48 theme Pd 607:608 arg1 nanoparticles 610:622 Pd nanoparticles 607:622 Pd nanoparticles 607:622 Pd nanoparticles were found to be almost spherically structured, and the average particle size was 26-30nm. 29254012 1 49 from nanocatalyst 211:222 arg1 composite 246:254 chitosan/cellulose composite 227:254 chitosan/cellulose composite 227:254 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 29254012 4 50 theme catalytic 720:728 arg1 performance 730:740 Then catalytic performance 715:740 Then catalytic performance of the designed nanocatalyst 715:769 Then catalytic performance of the designed nanocatalyst was investigated in the synthesis of a series of biphenyl compounds via the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction by using the green method which is conducted in a very short-time, under low temperature, and without the presence of any toxic chemical solvents (e.g., 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W at 50°C). 29254012 5 51 theme low 1238:1240 arg1 loading 1251:1257 a very low catalyst loading 1231:1257 a very low catalyst loading for the Suzuki reactions 1231:1282 As a result of the tests, palladium nanocatalyst showed excellent catalytic performance with high conversion yields for a wide range of substrates and with a very low catalyst loading for the Suzuki reactions. 29254012 5 52 theme excellent 1131:1139 arg1 performance 1151:1161 excellent catalytic performance 1131:1161 excellent catalytic performance with high conversion yields for a wide range of substrates and with a very low catalyst loading for the Suzuki reactions 1131:1282 As a result of the tests, palladium nanocatalyst showed excellent catalytic performance with high conversion yields for a wide range of substrates and with a very low catalyst loading for the Suzuki reactions. 29254012 5 52 theme excellent 1131:1139 arg1 result 1080:1085 a result 1078:1085 a result of the tests 1078:1098 As a result of the tests, palladium nanocatalyst showed excellent catalytic performance with high conversion yields for a wide range of substrates and with a very low catalyst loading for the Suzuki reactions. 29254012 4 53 theme 5min 1024:1027 arg1 treatment 1029:1037 5min treatment 1024:1037 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W 1024:1063 Then catalytic performance of the designed nanocatalyst was investigated in the synthesis of a series of biphenyl compounds via the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction by using the green method which is conducted in a very short-time, under low temperature, and without the presence of any toxic chemical solvents (e.g., 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W at 50°C). 29254012 4 54 theme series 810:815 arg1 synthesis 795:803 the synthesis 791:803 the synthesis of a series of biphenyl compounds 791:837 Then catalytic performance of the designed nanocatalyst was investigated in the synthesis of a series of biphenyl compounds via the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction by using the green method which is conducted in a very short-time, under low temperature, and without the presence of any toxic chemical solvents (e.g., 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W at 50°C). 29254012 6 55 theme Sustainability 1285:1298 arg1 performance 1300:1310 Sustainability performance 1285:1310 Sustainability performance of palladium nanocatalyst 1285:1336 Sustainability performance of palladium nanocatalyst was also studied, and it is found that the catalyst was able to be recycled for eight successive runs. 29254012 5 56 theme catalyst 1242:1249 arg1 loading 1251:1257 a very low catalyst loading 1231:1257 a very low catalyst loading for the Suzuki reactions 1231:1282 As a result of the tests, palladium nanocatalyst showed excellent catalytic performance with high conversion yields for a wide range of substrates and with a very low catalyst loading for the Suzuki reactions. 29254012 5 57 theme wide 1197:1200 arg1 range 1202:1206 a wide range 1195:1206 a wide range of substrates 1195:1220 As a result of the tests, palladium nanocatalyst showed excellent catalytic performance with high conversion yields for a wide range of substrates and with a very low catalyst loading for the Suzuki reactions. 29254012 0 58 from performance 118:128 arg1 reactions 157:165 Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions 133:165 Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions 133:165 Production of novel palladium nanocatalyst stabilized with sustainable chitosan/cellulose composite and its catalytic performance in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. 29254012 4 59 from 400W 1060:1063 arg1 treatment 1029:1037 5min treatment 1024:1037 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W 1024:1063 Then catalytic performance of the designed nanocatalyst was investigated in the synthesis of a series of biphenyl compounds via the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction by using the green method which is conducted in a very short-time, under low temperature, and without the presence of any toxic chemical solvents (e.g., 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W at 50°C). 29254012 3 60 theme average 680:686 arg1 26-30nm 706:712 26-30nm 706:712 26-30nm 706:712 Pd nanoparticles were found to be almost spherically structured, and the average particle size was 26-30nm. 29254012 3 60 theme average 680:686 arg1 size 697:700 the average particle size 676:700 the average particle size 676:700 Pd nanoparticles were found to be almost spherically structured, and the average particle size was 26-30nm. 29254012 4 61 theme biphenyl 820:827 arg1 compounds 829:837 biphenyl compounds 820:837 biphenyl compounds 820:837 Then catalytic performance of the designed nanocatalyst was investigated in the synthesis of a series of biphenyl compounds via the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction by using the green method which is conducted in a very short-time, under low temperature, and without the presence of any toxic chemical solvents (e.g., 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W at 50°C). 29254012 6 62 theme successive 1424:1433 arg1 runs 1435:1438 eight successive runs 1418:1438 eight successive runs 1418:1438 Sustainability performance of palladium nanocatalyst was also studied, and it is found that the catalyst was able to be recycled for eight successive runs. 29254012 1 63 theme first 264:268 arg1 time 270:273 the first time 260:273 the first time 260:273 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 29254012 0 64 theme chitosan/cellulose 71:88 arg1 composite 90:98 sustainable chitosan/cellulose composite 59:98 sustainable chitosan/cellulose composite 59:98 Production of novel palladium nanocatalyst stabilized with sustainable chitosan/cellulose composite and its catalytic performance in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. 29254012 1 65 from abundant 379:386 arg1 nature 391:396 nature 391:396 nature 391:396 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 29254012 4 66 theme microwave 1042:1050 arg1 oven 1052:1055 microwave oven 1042:1055 microwave oven 1042:1055 Then catalytic performance of the designed nanocatalyst was investigated in the synthesis of a series of biphenyl compounds via the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction by using the green method which is conducted in a very short-time, under low temperature, and without the presence of any toxic chemical solvents (e.g., 5min treatment in microwave oven at 400W at 50°C). 29254012 1 67 used used 410:413 arg2 materials 426:434 support materials 418:434 support materials for metallic nanoparticles 418:461 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 29254012 1 67 used used 410:413 arg2 friendly 369:376 cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly 337:376 cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly 337:376 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 29254012 1 67 used used 410:413 arg2 polysaccharides 310:324 sustainable polysaccharides 298:324 sustainable polysaccharides 298:324 In this study, we designed a new palladium nanocatalyst on chitosan/cellulose composite for the first time to increase the use of sustainable polysaccharides, which are cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly, abundant in nature, and can be used as support materials for metallic nanoparticles. 28092820 12 0 theme genes 1961:1965 arg1 detection 1937:1945 detection 1937:1945 detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK 1937:1979 In spite of the high rate of detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK, encoding enzymes involved in folate synthesis, the folate content in ben-saalga was rather low (median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis). 28092820 12 0 theme genes 1961:1965 arg1 % 1950:1950 80% 1948:1950 80% 1948:1950 In spite of the high rate of detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK, encoding enzymes involved in folate synthesis, the folate content in ben-saalga was rather low (median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis). 28092820 2 1 with sources 395:401 arg1 properties 457:466 useful nutritional properties 438:466 useful nutritional properties 438:466 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 2 2 theme cereal 275:280 arg1 products 282:289 cereal products 275:289 cereal products 275:289 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 12 3 dep low 2073:2075 arg1 low 2073:2075 low 2073:2075 low 2073:2075 In spite of the high rate of detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK, encoding enzymes involved in folate synthesis, the folate content in ben-saalga was rather low (median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis). 28092820 12 3 dep low 2073:2075 arg1 content 2040:2046 the folate content 2029:2046 the folate content in ben-saalga 2029:2060 In spite of the high rate of detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK, encoding enzymes involved in folate synthesis, the folate content in ben-saalga was rather low (median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis). 28092820 12 3 dep low 2073:2075 arg1 median 2078:2083 median 2078:2083 median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis 2078:2114 In spite of the high rate of detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK, encoding enzymes involved in folate synthesis, the folate content in ben-saalga was rather low (median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis). 28092820 12 4 theme high 1924:1927 arg1 rate 1929:1932 the high rate 1920:1932 the high rate of detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK 1920:1979 In spite of the high rate of detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK, encoding enzymes involved in folate synthesis, the folate content in ben-saalga was rather low (median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis). 28092820 9 5 theme same 1647:1650 arg1 TPU 1652:1654 the same TPU 1643:1654 the same TPU 1643:1654 Highly variable microbial composition - assessed by real-time PCR - was observed among samples collected in different TPUs, but also among samples from the same TPU. 28092820 10 6 theme in 1736:1737 arg1 measurements 1744:1755 in situ measurements 1736:1755 in situ measurements of the expected products 1736:1780 The high frequency of the presence of genes did not necessarily correlate with in situ measurements of the expected products. 28092820 13 7 theme only 2246:2249 arg1 screening 2251:2259 the only screening 2242:2259 the only screening of genes in metagenomes 2242:2283 This work highlighted the limit of evaluating the nutritional potential of the microbiota of traditional fermented foods by the only screening of genes in metagenomes, and suggests that such a screening should be completed by a functional analysis. 28092820 9 8 from TPU 1652:1654 arg1 samples 1630:1636 samples 1630:1636 samples from the same TPU 1630:1654 Highly variable microbial composition - assessed by real-time PCR - was observed among samples collected in different TPUs, but also among samples from the same TPU. 28092820 0 9 theme microbiota 119:128 arg1 potential 102:110 the nutritional potential 86:110 the nutritional potential of its microbiota 86:128 PCR screening of an African fermented pearl-millet porridge metagenome to investigate the nutritional potential of its microbiota. 28092820 5 10 from metagenomes 961:971 arg1 Faso 1041:1044 Faso 1041:1044 Faso 1041:1044 As the isolation of potentially useful LAB from traditional CBFFs can be very time consuming, the aim of this study was to use PCR to assess the nutritional potential of LAB directly on the metagenomes of pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso. 28092820 5 11 theme traditional 819:829 arg1 CBFFs 831:835 traditional CBFFs 819:835 traditional CBFFs 819:835 As the isolation of potentially useful LAB from traditional CBFFs can be very time consuming, the aim of this study was to use PCR to assess the nutritional potential of LAB directly on the metagenomes of pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso. 28092820 5 12 from CBFFs 831:835 arg1 isolation 778:786 the isolation 774:786 the isolation of potentially useful LAB from traditional CBFFs 774:835 As the isolation of potentially useful LAB from traditional CBFFs can be very time consuming, the aim of this study was to use PCR to assess the nutritional potential of LAB directly on the metagenomes of pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso. 28092820 5 12 from CBFFs 831:835 arg1 consuming 854:862 consuming 854:862 consuming 854:862 As the isolation of potentially useful LAB from traditional CBFFs can be very time consuming, the aim of this study was to use PCR to assess the nutritional potential of LAB directly on the metagenomes of pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso. 28092820 8 13 dep metagenomes 1303:1313 arg1 genes 1316:1320 genes 1316:1320 genes involved in carotenoid synthesis 1316:1353 Certain genes were never detected in the metagenomes (genes involved in carotenoid synthesis) while others were frequently detected (genes involved in folate and riboflavin production, starch hydrolysis, polyphenol degradation). 28092820 8 14 theme Certain 1262:1268 arg1 genes 1270:1274 Certain genes 1262:1274 Certain genes 1262:1274 Certain genes were never detected in the metagenomes (genes involved in carotenoid synthesis) while others were frequently detected (genes involved in folate and riboflavin production, starch hydrolysis, polyphenol degradation). 28092820 13 15 theme functional 2346:2355 arg1 analysis 2357:2364 a functional analysis 2344:2364 a functional analysis 2344:2364 This work highlighted the limit of evaluating the nutritional potential of the microbiota of traditional fermented foods by the only screening of genes in metagenomes, and suggests that such a screening should be completed by a functional analysis. 28092820 5 16 theme fermented 995:1003 arg1 ben-saalga 1016:1025 ben-saalga 1016:1025 ben-saalga 1016:1025 As the isolation of potentially useful LAB from traditional CBFFs can be very time consuming, the aim of this study was to use PCR to assess the nutritional potential of LAB directly on the metagenomes of pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso. 28092820 5 16 theme fermented 995:1003 arg1 porridges 1005:1013 pearl-millet based fermented porridges 976:1013 pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso 976:1044 As the isolation of potentially useful LAB from traditional CBFFs can be very time consuming, the aim of this study was to use PCR to assess the nutritional potential of LAB directly on the metagenomes of pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso. 28092820 3 17 theme microbial 565:573 arg1 composition 575:585 the microbial composition 561:585 the microbial composition of traditional CBFFs 561:606 The nutritional properties of LAB vary depending on the species and even on the strain, and the microbial composition of traditional CBFFs varies from one traditional production unit (TPU) to another. 28092820 5 18 theme study 881:885 arg1 aim 869:871 the aim 865:871 the aim of this study 865:885 As the isolation of potentially useful LAB from traditional CBFFs can be very time consuming, the aim of this study was to use PCR to assess the nutritional potential of LAB directly on the metagenomes of pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso. 28092820 4 19 theme CBFFs 709:713 arg1 quality 686:692 The nutritional quality 670:692 The nutritional quality of traditional CBFFs 670:713 The nutritional quality of traditional CBFFs may thus vary depending on their microbial composition. 28092820 6 20 from TPUs 1186:1189 arg1 Ouagadougou 1194:1204 Ouagadougou 1194:1204 Ouagadougou 1194:1204 Genes encoding enzymes involved in different nutritional activities were screened in 50 metagenomes extracted from samples collected in 10 TPUs in Ouagadougou. 28092820 8 21 dep detected 1385:1392 arg1 degradation 1477:1487 polyphenol degradation 1466:1487 polyphenol degradation 1466:1487 Certain genes were never detected in the metagenomes (genes involved in carotenoid synthesis) while others were frequently detected (genes involved in folate and riboflavin production, starch hydrolysis, polyphenol degradation). 28092820 8 21 dep detected 1385:1392 arg1 genes 1395:1399 genes 1395:1399 genes involved in folate and riboflavin production 1395:1444 Certain genes were never detected in the metagenomes (genes involved in carotenoid synthesis) while others were frequently detected (genes involved in folate and riboflavin production, starch hydrolysis, polyphenol degradation). 28092820 8 21 dep detected 1385:1392 arg1 hydrolysis 1454:1463 starch hydrolysis 1447:1463 starch hydrolysis 1447:1463 Certain genes were never detected in the metagenomes (genes involved in carotenoid synthesis) while others were frequently detected (genes involved in folate and riboflavin production, starch hydrolysis, polyphenol degradation). 28092820 9 22 dep composition 1517:1527 arg1 assessed 1531:1538 assessed 1531:1538 assessed by real-time PCR 1531:1555 Highly variable microbial composition - assessed by real-time PCR - was observed among samples collected in different TPUs, but also among samples from the same TPU. 28092820 8 23 theme starch 1447:1452 arg1 genes 1395:1399 genes 1395:1399 genes involved in folate and riboflavin production 1395:1444 Certain genes were never detected in the metagenomes (genes involved in carotenoid synthesis) while others were frequently detected (genes involved in folate and riboflavin production, starch hydrolysis, polyphenol degradation). 28092820 8 23 theme starch 1447:1452 arg1 hydrolysis 1454:1463 starch hydrolysis 1447:1463 starch hydrolysis 1447:1463 Certain genes were never detected in the metagenomes (genes involved in carotenoid synthesis) while others were frequently detected (genes involved in folate and riboflavin production, starch hydrolysis, polyphenol degradation). 28092820 10 24 theme products 1773:1780 arg1 measurements 1744:1755 in situ measurements 1736:1755 in situ measurements of the expected products 1736:1780 The high frequency of the presence of genes did not necessarily correlate with in situ measurements of the expected products. 28092820 4 25 theme nutritional 674:684 arg1 quality 686:692 The nutritional quality 670:692 The nutritional quality of traditional CBFFs 670:713 The nutritional quality of traditional CBFFs may thus vary depending on their microbial composition. 28092820 1 26 theme most 159:162 arg1 countries 172:180 most African countries 159:180 most African countries 159:180 Cereals are staple foods in most African countries, and many African cereal-based foods are spontaneously fermented. 28092820 0 27 theme nutritional 90:100 arg1 potential 102:110 the nutritional potential 86:110 the nutritional potential of its microbiota 86:128 PCR screening of an African fermented pearl-millet porridge metagenome to investigate the nutritional potential of its microbiota. 28092820 12 28 from content 2040:2046 arg1 ben-saalga 2051:2060 ben-saalga 2051:2060 ben-saalga 2051:2060 In spite of the high rate of detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK, encoding enzymes involved in folate synthesis, the folate content in ben-saalga was rather low (median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis). 28092820 5 29 theme nutritional 916:926 arg1 potential 928:936 the nutritional potential 912:936 the nutritional potential of LAB 912:943 As the isolation of potentially useful LAB from traditional CBFFs can be very time consuming, the aim of this study was to use PCR to assess the nutritional potential of LAB directly on the metagenomes of pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso. 28092820 4 30 theme traditional 697:707 arg1 CBFFs 709:713 traditional CBFFs 697:713 traditional CBFFs 697:713 The nutritional quality of traditional CBFFs may thus vary depending on their microbial composition. 28092820 11 31 theme potential 1897:1905 arg1 variability 1850:1860 the microbial variability 1836:1860 the microbial variability 1836:1860 Indeed, no significant correlation was found between the microbial variability and the variability of the genetic potential. 28092820 11 31 theme potential 1897:1905 arg1 variability 1870:1880 the variability 1866:1880 the variability of the genetic potential 1866:1905 Indeed, no significant correlation was found between the microbial variability and the variability of the genetic potential. 28092820 2 32 theme useful 438:443 arg1 properties 457:466 useful nutritional properties 438:466 useful nutritional properties 438:466 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 8 33 theme carotenoid 1334:1343 arg1 synthesis 1345:1353 carotenoid synthesis 1334:1353 carotenoid synthesis 1334:1353 Certain genes were never detected in the metagenomes (genes involved in carotenoid synthesis) while others were frequently detected (genes involved in folate and riboflavin production, starch hydrolysis, polyphenol degradation). 28092820 2 34 theme possible 386:393 arg1 sources 395:401 possible sources 386:401 possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties 386:466 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 2 34 theme possible 386:393 arg1 foods 368:372 traditional cereal-based fermented foods 333:372 traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) 333:380 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 0 35 theme PCR 0:2 arg1 screening 4:12 PCR screening 0:12 PCR screening of an African fermented pearl-millet porridge 0:58 PCR screening of an African fermented pearl-millet porridge metagenome to investigate the nutritional potential of its microbiota. 28092820 2 36 theme nutritional 252:262 arg1 quality 264:270 The nutritional quality 248:270 The nutritional quality of cereal products 248:289 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 11 37 theme genetic 1889:1895 arg1 potential 1897:1905 the genetic potential 1885:1905 the genetic potential 1885:1905 Indeed, no significant correlation was found between the microbial variability and the variability of the genetic potential. 28092820 5 38 theme LAB 810:812 arg1 isolation 778:786 the isolation 774:786 the isolation of potentially useful LAB from traditional CBFFs 774:835 As the isolation of potentially useful LAB from traditional CBFFs can be very time consuming, the aim of this study was to use PCR to assess the nutritional potential of LAB directly on the metagenomes of pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso. 28092820 5 38 theme LAB 810:812 arg1 consuming 854:862 consuming 854:862 consuming 854:862 As the isolation of potentially useful LAB from traditional CBFFs can be very time consuming, the aim of this study was to use PCR to assess the nutritional potential of LAB directly on the metagenomes of pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso. 28092820 2 39 theme acid 413:416 arg1 LAB 428:430 LAB 428:430 LAB 428:430 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 2 39 theme acid 413:416 arg1 bacteria 418:425 lactic acid bacteria 406:425 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) 406:431 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 0 40 theme African 20:26 arg1 porridge 51:58 an African fermented pearl-millet porridge 17:58 an African fermented pearl-millet porridge 17:58 PCR screening of an African fermented pearl-millet porridge metagenome to investigate the nutritional potential of its microbiota. 28092820 12 41 dep genes 1961:1965 arg1 folK 1976:1979 folK 1976:1979 folK 1976:1979 In spite of the high rate of detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK, encoding enzymes involved in folate synthesis, the folate content in ben-saalga was rather low (median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis). 28092820 12 41 dep genes 1961:1965 arg1 folP 1967:1970 folP 1967:1970 folP 1967:1970 In spite of the high rate of detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK, encoding enzymes involved in folate synthesis, the folate content in ben-saalga was rather low (median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis). 28092820 12 41 dep genes 1961:1965 arg1 genes 1961:1965 both genes folP and folK 1956:1979 both genes folP and folK 1956:1979 In spite of the high rate of detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK, encoding enzymes involved in folate synthesis, the folate content in ben-saalga was rather low (median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis). 28092820 3 42 theme traditional 624:634 arg1 TPU 653:655 TPU 653:655 TPU 653:655 The nutritional properties of LAB vary depending on the species and even on the strain, and the microbial composition of traditional CBFFs varies from one traditional production unit (TPU) to another. 28092820 3 42 theme traditional 624:634 arg1 unit 647:650 one traditional production unit 620:650 one traditional production unit (TPU) 620:656 The nutritional properties of LAB vary depending on the species and even on the strain, and the microbial composition of traditional CBFFs varies from one traditional production unit (TPU) to another. 28092820 12 43 theme fresh 2097:2101 arg1 basis 2110:2114 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis 2086:2114 median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis 2078:2114 In spite of the high rate of detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK, encoding enzymes involved in folate synthesis, the folate content in ben-saalga was rather low (median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis). 28092820 2 44 theme fermented 358:366 arg1 sources 395:401 possible sources 386:401 possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties 386:466 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 2 44 theme fermented 358:366 arg1 CBFFs 375:379 CBFFs 375:379 CBFFs 375:379 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 2 44 theme fermented 358:366 arg1 foods 368:372 traditional cereal-based fermented foods 333:372 traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) 333:380 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 0 45 theme pearl-millet 38:49 arg1 porridge 51:58 an African fermented pearl-millet porridge 17:58 an African fermented pearl-millet porridge 17:58 PCR screening of an African fermented pearl-millet porridge metagenome to investigate the nutritional potential of its microbiota. 28092820 8 46 located detected 1287:1294 arg1 metagenomes 1303:1313 the metagenomes 1299:1313 the metagenomes (genes involved in carotenoid synthesis) 1299:1354 Certain genes were never detected in the metagenomes (genes involved in carotenoid synthesis) while others were frequently detected (genes involved in folate and riboflavin production, starch hydrolysis, polyphenol degradation). 28092820 8 46 located detected 1287:1294 arg2 genes 1270:1274 Certain genes 1262:1274 Certain genes 1262:1274 Certain genes were never detected in the metagenomes (genes involved in carotenoid synthesis) while others were frequently detected (genes involved in folate and riboflavin production, starch hydrolysis, polyphenol degradation). 28092820 5 47 theme based 989:993 arg1 ben-saalga 1016:1025 ben-saalga 1016:1025 ben-saalga 1016:1025 As the isolation of potentially useful LAB from traditional CBFFs can be very time consuming, the aim of this study was to use PCR to assess the nutritional potential of LAB directly on the metagenomes of pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso. 28092820 5 47 theme based 989:993 arg1 porridges 1005:1013 pearl-millet based fermented porridges 976:1013 pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso 976:1044 As the isolation of potentially useful LAB from traditional CBFFs can be very time consuming, the aim of this study was to use PCR to assess the nutritional potential of LAB directly on the metagenomes of pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso. 28092820 6 48 theme different 1082:1090 arg1 activities 1104:1113 different nutritional activities 1082:1113 different nutritional activities 1082:1113 Genes encoding enzymes involved in different nutritional activities were screened in 50 metagenomes extracted from samples collected in 10 TPUs in Ouagadougou. 28092820 3 49 theme CBFFs 602:606 arg1 composition 575:585 the microbial composition 561:585 the microbial composition of traditional CBFFs 561:606 The nutritional properties of LAB vary depending on the species and even on the strain, and the microbial composition of traditional CBFFs varies from one traditional production unit (TPU) to another. 28092820 2 50 theme traditional 333:343 arg1 sources 395:401 possible sources 386:401 possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties 386:466 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 2 50 theme traditional 333:343 arg1 CBFFs 375:379 CBFFs 375:379 CBFFs 375:379 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 2 50 theme traditional 333:343 arg1 foods 368:372 traditional cereal-based fermented foods 333:372 traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) 333:380 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 10 51 theme genes 1695:1699 arg1 presence 1683:1690 the presence 1679:1690 the presence of genes 1679:1699 The high frequency of the presence of genes did not necessarily correlate with in situ measurements of the expected products. 28092820 9 52 theme different 1599:1607 arg1 TPUs 1609:1612 different TPUs 1599:1612 different TPUs 1599:1612 Highly variable microbial composition - assessed by real-time PCR - was observed among samples collected in different TPUs, but also among samples from the same TPU. 28092820 7 53 theme potential 1238:1246 arg1 variability 1211:1221 The variability 1207:1221 The variability of the genetic potential 1207:1246 The variability of the genetic potential was recorded. 28092820 1 54 theme African 192:198 arg1 foods 213:217 many African cereal-based foods 187:217 many African cereal-based foods 187:217 Cereals are staple foods in most African countries, and many African cereal-based foods are spontaneously fermented. 28092820 12 55 theme detection 1937:1945 arg1 rate 1929:1932 the high rate 1920:1932 the high rate of detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK 1920:1979 In spite of the high rate of detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK, encoding enzymes involved in folate synthesis, the folate content in ben-saalga was rather low (median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis). 28092820 2 56 theme products 282:289 arg1 quality 264:270 The nutritional quality 248:270 The nutritional quality of cereal products 248:289 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 1 57 theme African 164:170 arg1 countries 172:180 most African countries 159:180 most African countries 159:180 Cereals are staple foods in most African countries, and many African cereal-based foods are spontaneously fermented. 28092820 12 58 theme folate 2033:2038 arg1 low 2073:2075 low 2073:2075 low 2073:2075 In spite of the high rate of detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK, encoding enzymes involved in folate synthesis, the folate content in ben-saalga was rather low (median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis). 28092820 12 58 theme folate 2033:2038 arg1 content 2040:2046 the folate content 2029:2046 the folate content in ben-saalga 2029:2060 In spite of the high rate of detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK, encoding enzymes involved in folate synthesis, the folate content in ben-saalga was rather low (median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis). 28092820 12 58 theme folate 2033:2038 arg1 median 2078:2083 median 2078:2083 median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis 2078:2114 In spite of the high rate of detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK, encoding enzymes involved in folate synthesis, the folate content in ben-saalga was rather low (median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis). 28092820 13 59 theme foods 2233:2237 arg1 microbiota 2197:2206 the microbiota 2193:2206 the microbiota of traditional fermented foods 2193:2237 This work highlighted the limit of evaluating the nutritional potential of the microbiota of traditional fermented foods by the only screening of genes in metagenomes, and suggests that such a screening should be completed by a functional analysis. 28092820 1 60 theme many 187:190 arg1 foods 213:217 many African cereal-based foods 187:217 many African cereal-based foods 187:217 Cereals are staple foods in most African countries, and many African cereal-based foods are spontaneously fermented. 28092820 9 61 theme microbial 1507:1515 arg1 composition 1517:1527 Highly variable microbial composition 1491:1527 Highly variable microbial composition - assessed by real-time PCR - 1491:1557 Highly variable microbial composition - assessed by real-time PCR - was observed among samples collected in different TPUs, but also among samples from the same TPU. 28092820 12 62 theme folate 2011:2016 arg1 synthesis 2018:2026 folate synthesis 2011:2026 folate synthesis 2011:2026 In spite of the high rate of detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK, encoding enzymes involved in folate synthesis, the folate content in ben-saalga was rather low (median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis). 28092820 3 63 theme LAB 499:501 arg1 properties 485:494 The nutritional properties 469:494 The nutritional properties of LAB 469:501 The nutritional properties of LAB vary depending on the species and even on the strain, and the microbial composition of traditional CBFFs varies from one traditional production unit (TPU) to another. 28092820 10 64 theme expected 1764:1771 arg1 products 1773:1780 the expected products 1760:1780 the expected products 1760:1780 The high frequency of the presence of genes did not necessarily correlate with in situ measurements of the expected products. 28092820 1 65 theme cereal-based 200:211 arg1 foods 213:217 many African cereal-based foods 187:217 many African cereal-based foods 187:217 Cereals are staple foods in most African countries, and many African cereal-based foods are spontaneously fermented. 28092820 8 66 theme riboflavin 1424:1433 arg1 production 1435:1444 riboflavin production 1424:1444 riboflavin production 1424:1444 Certain genes were never detected in the metagenomes (genes involved in carotenoid synthesis) while others were frequently detected (genes involved in folate and riboflavin production, starch hydrolysis, polyphenol degradation). 28092820 13 67 theme nutritional 2168:2178 arg1 potential 2180:2188 the nutritional potential 2164:2188 the nutritional potential of the microbiota of traditional fermented foods 2164:2237 This work highlighted the limit of evaluating the nutritional potential of the microbiota of traditional fermented foods by the only screening of genes in metagenomes, and suggests that such a screening should be completed by a functional analysis. 28092820 10 68 theme presence 1683:1690 arg1 frequency 1666:1674 The high frequency 1657:1674 The high frequency of the presence of genes 1657:1699 The high frequency of the presence of genes did not necessarily correlate with in situ measurements of the expected products. 28092820 13 69 theme fermented 2223:2231 arg1 foods 2233:2237 traditional fermented foods 2211:2237 traditional fermented foods 2211:2237 This work highlighted the limit of evaluating the nutritional potential of the microbiota of traditional fermented foods by the only screening of genes in metagenomes, and suggests that such a screening should be completed by a functional analysis. 28092820 5 70 theme porridges 1005:1013 arg1 metagenomes 961:971 the metagenomes 957:971 the metagenomes of pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso 957:1044 As the isolation of potentially useful LAB from traditional CBFFs can be very time consuming, the aim of this study was to use PCR to assess the nutritional potential of LAB directly on the metagenomes of pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso. 28092820 10 71 dep in 1736:1737 arg1 situ 1739:1742 situ 1739:1742 situ 1739:1742 The high frequency of the presence of genes did not necessarily correlate with in situ measurements of the expected products. 28092820 3 72 theme nutritional 473:483 arg1 properties 485:494 The nutritional properties 469:494 The nutritional properties of LAB 469:501 The nutritional properties of LAB vary depending on the species and even on the strain, and the microbial composition of traditional CBFFs varies from one traditional production unit (TPU) to another. 28092820 2 73 theme cereal-based 345:356 arg1 sources 395:401 possible sources 386:401 possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties 386:466 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 2 73 theme cereal-based 345:356 arg1 CBFFs 375:379 CBFFs 375:379 CBFFs 375:379 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 2 73 theme cereal-based 345:356 arg1 foods 368:372 traditional cereal-based fermented foods 333:372 traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) 333:380 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 3 74 theme traditional 590:600 arg1 CBFFs 602:606 traditional CBFFs 590:606 traditional CBFFs 590:606 The nutritional properties of LAB vary depending on the species and even on the strain, and the microbial composition of traditional CBFFs varies from one traditional production unit (TPU) to another. 28092820 13 75 theme microbiota 2197:2206 arg1 potential 2180:2188 the nutritional potential 2164:2188 the nutritional potential of the microbiota of traditional fermented foods 2164:2237 This work highlighted the limit of evaluating the nutritional potential of the microbiota of traditional fermented foods by the only screening of genes in metagenomes, and suggests that such a screening should be completed by a functional analysis. 28092820 1 76 theme staple 143:148 arg1 Cereals 131:137 Cereals 131:137 Cereals 131:137 Cereals are staple foods in most African countries, and many African cereal-based foods are spontaneously fermented. 28092820 1 76 theme staple 143:148 arg1 foods 150:154 staple foods 143:154 staple foods in most African countries 143:180 Cereals are staple foods in most African countries, and many African cereal-based foods are spontaneously fermented. 28092820 8 77 theme polyphenol 1466:1475 arg1 degradation 1477:1487 polyphenol degradation 1466:1487 polyphenol degradation 1466:1487 Certain genes were never detected in the metagenomes (genes involved in carotenoid synthesis) while others were frequently detected (genes involved in folate and riboflavin production, starch hydrolysis, polyphenol degradation). 28092820 8 77 theme polyphenol 1466:1475 arg1 genes 1395:1399 genes 1395:1399 genes involved in folate and riboflavin production 1395:1444 Certain genes were never detected in the metagenomes (genes involved in carotenoid synthesis) while others were frequently detected (genes involved in folate and riboflavin production, starch hydrolysis, polyphenol degradation). 28092820 5 78 from Faso 1041:1044 arg1 ben-saalga 1016:1025 ben-saalga 1016:1025 ben-saalga 1016:1025 As the isolation of potentially useful LAB from traditional CBFFs can be very time consuming, the aim of this study was to use PCR to assess the nutritional potential of LAB directly on the metagenomes of pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso. 28092820 5 78 from Faso 1041:1044 arg1 porridges 1005:1013 pearl-millet based fermented porridges 976:1013 pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso 976:1044 As the isolation of potentially useful LAB from traditional CBFFs can be very time consuming, the aim of this study was to use PCR to assess the nutritional potential of LAB directly on the metagenomes of pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso. 28092820 5 78 from Faso 1041:1044 arg1 metagenomes 961:971 the metagenomes 957:971 the metagenomes of pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso 957:1044 As the isolation of potentially useful LAB from traditional CBFFs can be very time consuming, the aim of this study was to use PCR to assess the nutritional potential of LAB directly on the metagenomes of pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso. 28092820 9 79 theme variable 1498:1505 arg1 composition 1517:1527 Highly variable microbial composition 1491:1527 Highly variable microbial composition - assessed by real-time PCR - 1491:1557 Highly variable microbial composition - assessed by real-time PCR - was observed among samples collected in different TPUs, but also among samples from the same TPU. 28092820 13 80 from genes 2264:2268 arg1 metagenomes 2273:2283 metagenomes 2273:2283 metagenomes 2273:2283 This work highlighted the limit of evaluating the nutritional potential of the microbiota of traditional fermented foods by the only screening of genes in metagenomes, and suggests that such a screening should be completed by a functional analysis. 28092820 1 81 from foods 150:154 arg1 countries 172:180 most African countries 159:180 most African countries 159:180 Cereals are staple foods in most African countries, and many African cereal-based foods are spontaneously fermented. 28092820 4 82 theme microbial 748:756 arg1 composition 758:768 their microbial composition 742:768 their microbial composition 742:768 The nutritional quality of traditional CBFFs may thus vary depending on their microbial composition. 28092820 13 83 from screening 2251:2259 arg1 metagenomes 2273:2283 metagenomes 2273:2283 metagenomes 2273:2283 This work highlighted the limit of evaluating the nutritional potential of the microbiota of traditional fermented foods by the only screening of genes in metagenomes, and suggests that such a screening should be completed by a functional analysis. 28092820 9 84 theme real-time 1543:1551 arg1 PCR 1553:1555 real-time PCR 1543:1555 real-time PCR 1543:1555 Highly variable microbial composition - assessed by real-time PCR - was observed among samples collected in different TPUs, but also among samples from the same TPU. 28092820 12 85 theme weight 2103:2108 arg1 basis 2110:2114 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis 2086:2114 median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis 2078:2114 In spite of the high rate of detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK, encoding enzymes involved in folate synthesis, the folate content in ben-saalga was rather low (median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis). 28092820 5 86 theme useful 803:808 arg1 LAB 810:812 potentially useful LAB 791:812 potentially useful LAB 791:812 As the isolation of potentially useful LAB from traditional CBFFs can be very time consuming, the aim of this study was to use PCR to assess the nutritional potential of LAB directly on the metagenomes of pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso. 28092820 3 87 theme production 636:645 arg1 TPU 653:655 TPU 653:655 TPU 653:655 The nutritional properties of LAB vary depending on the species and even on the strain, and the microbial composition of traditional CBFFs varies from one traditional production unit (TPU) to another. 28092820 3 87 theme production 636:645 arg1 unit 647:650 one traditional production unit 620:650 one traditional production unit (TPU) 620:656 The nutritional properties of LAB vary depending on the species and even on the strain, and the microbial composition of traditional CBFFs varies from one traditional production unit (TPU) to another. 28092820 13 88 from metagenomes 2273:2283 arg1 screening 2251:2259 the only screening 2242:2259 the only screening of genes in metagenomes 2242:2283 This work highlighted the limit of evaluating the nutritional potential of the microbiota of traditional fermented foods by the only screening of genes in metagenomes, and suggests that such a screening should be completed by a functional analysis. 28092820 2 89 theme bacteria 418:425 arg1 sources 395:401 possible sources 386:401 possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties 386:466 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 2 89 theme bacteria 418:425 arg1 foods 368:372 traditional cereal-based fermented foods 333:372 traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) 333:380 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 0 90 theme fermented 28:36 arg1 porridge 51:58 an African fermented pearl-millet porridge 17:58 an African fermented pearl-millet porridge 17:58 PCR screening of an African fermented pearl-millet porridge metagenome to investigate the nutritional potential of its microbiota. 28092820 13 91 theme traditional 2211:2221 arg1 foods 2233:2237 traditional fermented foods 2211:2237 traditional fermented foods 2211:2237 This work highlighted the limit of evaluating the nutritional potential of the microbiota of traditional fermented foods by the only screening of genes in metagenomes, and suggests that such a screening should be completed by a functional analysis. 28092820 2 92 theme lactic 406:411 arg1 LAB 428:430 LAB 428:430 LAB 428:430 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 2 92 theme lactic 406:411 arg1 bacteria 418:425 lactic acid bacteria 406:425 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) 406:431 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 0 93 theme porridge 51:58 arg1 screening 4:12 PCR screening 0:12 PCR screening of an African fermented pearl-millet porridge 0:58 PCR screening of an African fermented pearl-millet porridge metagenome to investigate the nutritional potential of its microbiota. 28092820 5 94 theme pearl-millet 976:987 arg1 ben-saalga 1016:1025 ben-saalga 1016:1025 ben-saalga 1016:1025 As the isolation of potentially useful LAB from traditional CBFFs can be very time consuming, the aim of this study was to use PCR to assess the nutritional potential of LAB directly on the metagenomes of pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso. 28092820 5 94 theme pearl-millet 976:987 arg1 porridges 1005:1013 pearl-millet based fermented porridges 976:1013 pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso 976:1044 As the isolation of potentially useful LAB from traditional CBFFs can be very time consuming, the aim of this study was to use PCR to assess the nutritional potential of LAB directly on the metagenomes of pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso. 28092820 2 95 theme nutritional 445:455 arg1 properties 457:466 useful nutritional properties 438:466 useful nutritional properties 438:466 The nutritional quality of cereal products can be enhanced through fermentation, and traditional cereal-based fermented foods (CBFFs) are possible sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with useful nutritional properties. 28092820 12 96 theme 0.5μg/100g 2086:2095 arg1 basis 2110:2114 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis 2086:2114 median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis 2078:2114 In spite of the high rate of detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK, encoding enzymes involved in folate synthesis, the folate content in ben-saalga was rather low (median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis). 28092820 10 97 theme high 1661:1664 arg1 frequency 1666:1674 The high frequency 1657:1674 The high frequency of the presence of genes 1657:1699 The high frequency of the presence of genes did not necessarily correlate with in situ measurements of the expected products. 28092820 5 98 theme LAB 941:943 arg1 potential 928:936 the nutritional potential 912:936 the nutritional potential of LAB 912:943 As the isolation of potentially useful LAB from traditional CBFFs can be very time consuming, the aim of this study was to use PCR to assess the nutritional potential of LAB directly on the metagenomes of pearl-millet based fermented porridges (ben-saalga) from Burkina Faso. 28092820 7 99 theme genetic 1230:1236 arg1 potential 1238:1246 the genetic potential 1226:1246 the genetic potential 1226:1246 The variability of the genetic potential was recorded. 28092820 11 100 theme significant 1794:1804 arg1 correlation 1806:1816 no significant correlation 1791:1816 no significant correlation 1791:1816 Indeed, no significant correlation was found between the microbial variability and the variability of the genetic potential. 28092820 12 101 dep median 2078:2083 arg1 basis 2110:2114 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis 2086:2114 median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis 2078:2114 In spite of the high rate of detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK, encoding enzymes involved in folate synthesis, the folate content in ben-saalga was rather low (median: 0.5μg/100g fresh weight basis). 28092820 13 102 theme genes 2264:2268 arg1 screening 2251:2259 the only screening 2242:2259 the only screening of genes in metagenomes 2242:2283 This work highlighted the limit of evaluating the nutritional potential of the microbiota of traditional fermented foods by the only screening of genes in metagenomes, and suggests that such a screening should be completed by a functional analysis. 28092820 6 103 dep different 1082:1090 arg1 nutritional 1092:1102 nutritional 1092:1102 nutritional 1092:1102 Genes encoding enzymes involved in different nutritional activities were screened in 50 metagenomes extracted from samples collected in 10 TPUs in Ouagadougou. 28092820 11 104 theme microbial 1840:1848 arg1 variability 1850:1860 the microbial variability 1836:1860 the microbial variability 1836:1860 Indeed, no significant correlation was found between the microbial variability and the variability of the genetic potential. 29134392 2 0 theme Gram-positive 92:104 arg1 bacterium 144:152 A Gram-positive, non-motile, asporogenous and aerobic bacterium 90:152 A Gram-positive, non-motile, asporogenous and aerobic bacterium 90:152 A Gram-positive, non-motile, asporogenous and aerobic bacterium, designated YIM 98012T, was isolated from a salt lake in China. 29134392 5 1 theme novel 510:514 arg1 strain 516:521 the novel strain 506:521 the novel strain 506:521 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel strain is affiliated with the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes and that it shares high (94.7%) sequence similarity with Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T and does not show sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera. 29134392 5 2 theme % 744:744 arg1 similarities 714:725 sequence similarities 705:725 sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera 705:785 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel strain is affiliated with the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes and that it shares high (94.7%) sequence similarity with Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T and does not show sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera. 29134392 4 3 theme % 400:400 arg1 NaCl 426:429 optimum 10% NaCl 414:429 optimum 10% NaCl 414:429 Optimal growth of strain YIM 98012T was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 and it was found to grow in the presence of 5-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10% NaCl). 29134392 4 3 theme % 400:400 arg1 NaCl 408:411 5-20% (w/v) NaCl 396:411 5-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10% NaCl) 396:430 Optimal growth of strain YIM 98012T was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 and it was found to grow in the presence of 5-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10% NaCl). 29134392 7 4 theme 41.0 mol 937:944 arg1 content 908:914 The genomic DNA G+C content 888:914 The genomic DNA G+C content 888:914 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 41.0 mol% and the dominated respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. 29134392 7 4 theme 41.0 mol 937:944 arg1 % 945:945 41.0 mol% 937:945 41.0 mol% 937:945 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 41.0 mol% and the dominated respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. 29134392 11 5 theme YIM 1500:1502 arg1 98012T 1504:1509 YIM 98012T 1500:1509 YIM 98012T (= KCTC 33868T = DSM 104332T) 1500:1539 The type strain is YIM 98012T (= KCTC 33868T = DSM 104332T). 29134392 11 5 theme YIM 1500:1502 arg1 104332T 1532:1538 = KCTC 33868T = DSM 104332T 1512:1538 = KCTC 33868T = DSM 104332T 1512:1538 The type strain is YIM 98012T (= KCTC 33868T = DSM 104332T). 29134392 11 5 theme YIM 1500:1502 arg1 strain 1490:1495 The type strain 1481:1495 The type strain 1481:1495 The type strain is YIM 98012T (= KCTC 33868T = DSM 104332T). 29134392 8 6 theme YIM 1047:1049 arg1 98012T 1051:1056 strain YIM 98012T 1040:1056 strain YIM 98012T 1040:1056 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM 98012T was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, while the polar lipids profile was found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. 29134392 8 7 contain contain 1071:1077 arg2 acid 1099:1102 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1079:1102 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1079:1102 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM 98012T was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, while the polar lipids profile was found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. 29134392 8 7 contain contain 1071:1077 arg1 peptidoglycan 1023:1035 The cell wall peptidoglycan 1009:1035 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM 98012T 1009:1056 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM 98012T was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, while the polar lipids profile was found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. 29134392 4 8 theme w/v 403:405 arg1 NaCl 426:429 optimum 10% NaCl 414:429 optimum 10% NaCl 414:429 Optimal growth of strain YIM 98012T was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 and it was found to grow in the presence of 5-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10% NaCl). 29134392 4 8 theme w/v 403:405 arg1 NaCl 408:411 5-20% (w/v) NaCl 396:411 5-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10% NaCl) 396:430 Optimal growth of strain YIM 98012T was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 and it was found to grow in the presence of 5-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10% NaCl). 29134392 5 9 dep Alteribacillus 647:660 arg1 persepolensis 662:674 persepolensis 662:674 persepolensis 662:674 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel strain is affiliated with the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes and that it shares high (94.7%) sequence similarity with Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T and does not show sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera. 29134392 5 10 theme 16S 468:470 arg1 rRNA 472:475 the 16S rRNA 464:475 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 464:489 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel strain is affiliated with the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes and that it shares high (94.7%) sequence similarity with Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T and does not show sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera. 29134392 9 11 theme novel 1364:1368 arg1 genus 1370:1374 a novel genus 1362:1374 a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 1362:1456 Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 9 11 theme novel 1364:1368 arg1 sp 1459:1460 sp 1459:1460 sp 1459:1460 Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 9 12 from genus 1370:1374 arg1 Bacillaceae 1390:1400 the family Bacillaceae 1379:1400 the family Bacillaceae 1379:1400 Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 2 13 attach isolated 182:189 arg1 lake 203:206 a salt lake 196:206 a salt lake in China 196:215 A Gram-positive, non-motile, asporogenous and aerobic bacterium, designated YIM 98012T, was isolated from a salt lake in China. 29134392 2 13 attach isolated 182:189 arg2 bacterium 144:152 A Gram-positive, non-motile, asporogenous and aerobic bacterium 90:152 A Gram-positive, non-motile, asporogenous and aerobic bacterium 90:152 A Gram-positive, non-motile, asporogenous and aerobic bacterium, designated YIM 98012T, was isolated from a salt lake in China. 29134392 9 14 theme family 1383:1388 arg1 Bacillaceae 1390:1400 the family Bacillaceae 1379:1400 the family Bacillaceae 1379:1400 Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 11 15 theme type 1485:1488 arg1 98012T 1504:1509 YIM 98012T 1500:1509 YIM 98012T (= KCTC 33868T = DSM 104332T) 1500:1539 The type strain is YIM 98012T (= KCTC 33868T = DSM 104332T). 29134392 11 15 theme type 1485:1488 arg1 strain 1490:1495 The type strain 1481:1495 The type strain 1481:1495 The type strain is YIM 98012T (= KCTC 33868T = DSM 104332T). 29134392 9 16 theme genus 1370:1374 arg1 species 1351:1357 the type species 1342:1357 the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp 1342:1460 Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 5 17 theme rRNA 472:475 arg1 sequence 482:489 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 464:489 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 464:489 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel strain is affiliated with the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes and that it shares high (94.7%) sequence similarity with Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T and does not show sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera. 29134392 9 18 theme Aidingibacillus 1421:1435 arg1 nov. 1453:1456 Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 1421:1456 the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 1412:1456 Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 2 19 theme asporogenous 119:130 arg1 bacterium 144:152 A Gram-positive, non-motile, asporogenous and aerobic bacterium 90:152 A Gram-positive, non-motile, asporogenous and aerobic bacterium 90:152 A Gram-positive, non-motile, asporogenous and aerobic bacterium, designated YIM 98012T, was isolated from a salt lake in China. 29134392 5 20 theme gene 477:480 arg1 sequence 482:489 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 464:489 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 464:489 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel strain is affiliated with the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes and that it shares high (94.7%) sequence similarity with Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T and does not show sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera. 29134392 1 21 theme novel 50:54 arg1 member 56:61 a novel member 48:61 a novel member of the family Bacillaceae 48:87 nov., a novel member of the family Bacillaceae. 29134392 1 21 theme novel 50:54 arg1 nov. 42:45 nov. 42:45 nov. 42:45 nov., a novel member of the family Bacillaceae. 29134392 5 22 theme sequence 705:712 arg1 similarities 714:725 sequence similarities 705:725 sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera 705:785 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel strain is affiliated with the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes and that it shares high (94.7%) sequence similarity with Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T and does not show sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera. 29134392 4 23 theme 98012T 312:317 arg1 growth 291:296 Optimal growth 283:296 Optimal growth of strain YIM 98012T 283:317 Optimal growth of strain YIM 98012T was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 and it was found to grow in the presence of 5-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10% NaCl). 29134392 8 24 theme strain 1040:1045 arg1 98012T 1051:1056 strain YIM 98012T 1040:1056 strain YIM 98012T 1040:1056 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM 98012T was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, while the polar lipids profile was found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. 29134392 0 25 theme halophilus 16:25 arg1 nov. 32:35 Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 0:35 Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 0:35 Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 2 26 theme non-motile 107:116 arg1 bacterium 144:152 A Gram-positive, non-motile, asporogenous and aerobic bacterium 90:152 A Gram-positive, non-motile, asporogenous and aerobic bacterium 90:152 A Gram-positive, non-motile, asporogenous and aerobic bacterium, designated YIM 98012T, was isolated from a salt lake in China. 29134392 7 27 theme DNA 900:902 arg1 content 908:914 The genomic DNA G+C content 888:914 The genomic DNA G+C content 888:914 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 41.0 mol% and the dominated respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. 29134392 7 27 theme DNA 900:902 arg1 % 945:945 41.0 mol% 937:945 41.0 mol% 937:945 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 41.0 mol% and the dominated respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. 29134392 4 28 theme YIM 308:310 arg1 98012T 312:317 strain YIM 98012T 301:317 strain YIM 98012T 301:317 Optimal growth of strain YIM 98012T was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 and it was found to grow in the presence of 5-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10% NaCl). 29134392 5 29 theme related 772:778 arg1 genera 780:785 other related genera 766:785 other related genera 766:785 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel strain is affiliated with the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes and that it shares high (94.7%) sequence similarity with Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T and does not show sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera. 29134392 5 30 theme phylum 572:577 arg1 Firmicutes 579:588 the phylum Firmicutes 568:588 the phylum Firmicutes 568:588 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel strain is affiliated with the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes and that it shares high (94.7%) sequence similarity with Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T and does not show sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera. 29134392 0 31 theme Aidingibacillus 0:14 arg1 nov. 32:35 Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 0:35 Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 0:35 Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 7 32 theme dominated 955:963 arg1 quinone 977:983 the dominated respiratory quinone 951:983 the dominated respiratory quinone 951:983 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 41.0 mol% and the dominated respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. 29134392 7 32 theme dominated 955:963 arg1 MK-7 1003:1006 MK-7 1003:1006 MK-7 1003:1006 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 41.0 mol% and the dominated respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. 29134392 7 33 theme G+C 904:906 arg1 content 908:914 The genomic DNA G+C content 888:914 The genomic DNA G+C content 888:914 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 41.0 mol% and the dominated respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. 29134392 7 33 theme G+C 904:906 arg1 % 945:945 41.0 mol% 937:945 41.0 mol% 937:945 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 41.0 mol% and the dominated respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. 29134392 5 34 theme genera 780:785 arg1 members 755:761 known members 749:761 known members of other related genera 749:785 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel strain is affiliated with the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes and that it shares high (94.7%) sequence similarity with Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T and does not show sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera. 29134392 8 35 theme 98012T 1051:1056 arg1 peptidoglycan 1023:1035 The cell wall peptidoglycan 1009:1035 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM 98012T 1009:1056 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM 98012T was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, while the polar lipids profile was found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. 29134392 5 36 theme DSM 676:678 arg1 21632T 680:685 Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T 647:685 Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T 647:685 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel strain is affiliated with the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes and that it shares high (94.7%) sequence similarity with Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T and does not show sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera. 29134392 4 37 theme % 424:424 arg1 NaCl 426:429 optimum 10% NaCl 414:429 optimum 10% NaCl 414:429 Optimal growth of strain YIM 98012T was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 and it was found to grow in the presence of 5-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10% NaCl). 29134392 4 37 theme % 424:424 arg1 NaCl 408:411 5-20% (w/v) NaCl 396:411 5-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10% NaCl) 396:430 Optimal growth of strain YIM 98012T was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 and it was found to grow in the presence of 5-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10% NaCl). 29134392 11 38 theme = KCTC 1512:1517 arg1 98012T 1504:1509 YIM 98012T 1500:1509 YIM 98012T (= KCTC 33868T = DSM 104332T) 1500:1539 The type strain is YIM 98012T (= KCTC 33868T = DSM 104332T). 29134392 11 38 theme = KCTC 1512:1517 arg1 104332T 1532:1538 = KCTC 33868T = DSM 104332T 1512:1538 = KCTC 33868T = DSM 104332T 1512:1538 The type strain is YIM 98012T (= KCTC 33868T = DSM 104332T). 29134392 9 39 theme strain 1286:1291 arg1 98012T 1297:1302 strain YIM 98012T 1286:1302 strain YIM 98012T 1286:1302 Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 9 39 theme strain 1286:1291 arg1 strain 1332:1337 the type strain 1323:1337 the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp 1323:1460 Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 1 40 theme family 70:75 arg1 Bacillaceae 77:87 the family Bacillaceae 66:87 the family Bacillaceae 66:87 nov., a novel member of the family Bacillaceae. 29134392 2 41 from lake 203:206 arg1 China 211:215 China 211:215 China 211:215 A Gram-positive, non-motile, asporogenous and aerobic bacterium, designated YIM 98012T, was isolated from a salt lake in China. 29134392 9 42 theme gen. 1448:1451 arg1 nov. 1453:1456 Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 1421:1456 the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 1412:1456 Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 0 43 theme gen. 27:30 arg1 nov. 32:35 Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 0:35 Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 0:35 Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 6 44 theme fatty 798:802 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 852:864 anteiso-C17:0 852:864 anteiso-C17:0 852:864 The major fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 29134392 6 44 theme fatty 798:802 arg1 iso-C16:0 867:875 iso-C16:0 867:875 iso-C16:0 867:875 The major fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 29134392 6 44 theme fatty 798:802 arg1 acids 804:808 The major fatty acids 788:808 The major fatty acids (> 10%) 788:816 The major fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 29134392 6 44 theme fatty 798:802 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 837:849 anteiso-C15:0 837:849 anteiso-C15:0 837:849 The major fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 29134392 6 44 theme fatty 798:802 arg1 C16:0 881:885 C16:0 881:885 C16:0 881:885 The major fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 29134392 6 44 theme fatty 798:802 arg1 % 815:815 > 10% 811:815 > 10% 811:815 The major fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 29134392 7 45 theme genomic 892:898 arg1 content 908:914 The genomic DNA G+C content 888:914 The genomic DNA G+C content 888:914 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 41.0 mol% and the dominated respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. 29134392 7 45 theme genomic 892:898 arg1 % 945:945 41.0 mol% 937:945 41.0 mol% 937:945 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 41.0 mol% and the dominated respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. 29134392 1 46 theme Bacillaceae 77:87 arg1 member 56:61 a novel member 48:61 a novel member of the family Bacillaceae 48:87 nov., a novel member of the family Bacillaceae. 29134392 1 46 theme Bacillaceae 77:87 arg1 nov. 42:45 nov. 42:45 nov. 42:45 nov., a novel member of the family Bacillaceae. 29134392 9 47 theme type 1346:1349 arg1 species 1351:1357 the type species 1342:1357 the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp 1342:1460 Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 8 48 theme wall 1018:1021 arg1 peptidoglycan 1023:1035 The cell wall peptidoglycan 1009:1035 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM 98012T 1009:1056 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM 98012T was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, while the polar lipids profile was found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. 29134392 6 49 theme major 792:796 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 852:864 anteiso-C17:0 852:864 anteiso-C17:0 852:864 The major fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 29134392 6 49 theme major 792:796 arg1 iso-C16:0 867:875 iso-C16:0 867:875 iso-C16:0 867:875 The major fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 29134392 6 49 theme major 792:796 arg1 acids 804:808 The major fatty acids 788:808 The major fatty acids (> 10%) 788:816 The major fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 29134392 6 49 theme major 792:796 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 837:849 anteiso-C15:0 837:849 anteiso-C15:0 837:849 The major fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 29134392 6 49 theme major 792:796 arg1 C16:0 881:885 C16:0 881:885 C16:0 881:885 The major fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 29134392 6 49 theme major 792:796 arg1 % 815:815 > 10% 811:815 > 10% 811:815 The major fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. 29134392 3 50 theme Strain 218:223 arg1 98012T 229:234 Strain YIM 98012T 218:234 Strain YIM 98012T 218:234 Strain YIM 98012T was found to be catalase and oxidase positive. 29134392 2 51 theme salt 198:201 arg1 lake 203:206 a salt lake 196:206 a salt lake in China 196:215 A Gram-positive, non-motile, asporogenous and aerobic bacterium, designated YIM 98012T, was isolated from a salt lake in China. 29134392 9 52 from Bacillaceae 1390:1400 arg1 species 1351:1357 the type species 1342:1357 the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp 1342:1460 Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 8 53 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1079:1097 arg1 acid 1099:1102 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1079:1102 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1079:1102 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM 98012T was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, while the polar lipids profile was found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. 29134392 5 54 theme sequence 622:629 arg1 similarity 631:640 high (94.7%) sequence similarity 609:640 high (94.7%) sequence similarity 609:640 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel strain is affiliated with the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes and that it shares high (94.7%) sequence similarity with Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T and does not show sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera. 29134392 5 55 theme Firmicutes 579:588 arg1 Bacillaceae 553:563 the family Bacillaceae 542:563 the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes 542:588 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel strain is affiliated with the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes and that it shares high (94.7%) sequence similarity with Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T and does not show sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera. 29134392 3 56 theme YIM 225:227 arg1 98012T 229:234 Strain YIM 98012T 218:234 Strain YIM 98012T 218:234 Strain YIM 98012T was found to be catalase and oxidase positive. 29134392 8 57 theme polar 1115:1119 arg1 profile 1128:1134 the polar lipids profile 1111:1134 the polar lipids profile 1111:1134 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM 98012T was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, while the polar lipids profile was found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. 29134392 7 58 theme respiratory 965:975 arg1 quinone 977:983 the dominated respiratory quinone 951:983 the dominated respiratory quinone 951:983 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 41.0 mol% and the dominated respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. 29134392 7 58 theme respiratory 965:975 arg1 MK-7 1003:1006 MK-7 1003:1006 MK-7 1003:1006 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 41.0 mol% and the dominated respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. 29134392 4 59 theme NaCl 408:411 arg1 presence 384:391 the presence 380:391 the presence of 5-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10% NaCl) 380:430 Optimal growth of strain YIM 98012T was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 and it was found to grow in the presence of 5-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10% NaCl). 29134392 8 60 theme cell 1013:1016 arg1 peptidoglycan 1023:1035 The cell wall peptidoglycan 1009:1035 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM 98012T 1009:1056 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM 98012T was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, while the polar lipids profile was found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. 29134392 2 61 theme aerobic 136:142 arg1 bacterium 144:152 A Gram-positive, non-motile, asporogenous and aerobic bacterium 90:152 A Gram-positive, non-motile, asporogenous and aerobic bacterium 90:152 A Gram-positive, non-motile, asporogenous and aerobic bacterium, designated YIM 98012T, was isolated from a salt lake in China. 29134392 0 62 dep sp 38:39 arg1 nov. 32:35 Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 0:35 Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 0:35 Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 4 63 theme Optimal 283:289 arg1 growth 291:296 Optimal growth 283:296 Optimal growth of strain YIM 98012T 283:317 Optimal growth of strain YIM 98012T was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 and it was found to grow in the presence of 5-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10% NaCl). 29134392 5 64 theme known 749:753 arg1 members 755:761 known members 749:761 known members of other related genera 749:785 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel strain is affiliated with the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes and that it shares high (94.7%) sequence similarity with Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T and does not show sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera. 29134392 4 65 located observed 323:330 arg1 37 °C 335:339 37 °C 335:339 37 °C 335:339 Optimal growth of strain YIM 98012T was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 and it was found to grow in the presence of 5-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10% NaCl). 29134392 4 65 located observed 323:330 arg2 growth 291:296 Optimal growth 283:296 Optimal growth of strain YIM 98012T 283:317 Optimal growth of strain YIM 98012T was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 and it was found to grow in the presence of 5-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10% NaCl). 29134392 4 65 located observed 323:330 arg1 pH 345:346 pH 7.0 345:350 pH 7.0 345:350 Optimal growth of strain YIM 98012T was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 and it was found to grow in the presence of 5-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10% NaCl). 29134392 9 66 from species 1351:1357 arg1 Bacillaceae 1390:1400 the family Bacillaceae 1379:1400 the family Bacillaceae 1379:1400 Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 11 67 theme 33868T = DSM 1519:1530 arg1 98012T 1504:1509 YIM 98012T 1500:1509 YIM 98012T (= KCTC 33868T = DSM 104332T) 1500:1539 The type strain is YIM 98012T (= KCTC 33868T = DSM 104332T). 29134392 11 67 theme 33868T = DSM 1519:1530 arg1 104332T 1532:1538 = KCTC 33868T = DSM 104332T 1512:1538 = KCTC 33868T = DSM 104332T 1512:1538 The type strain is YIM 98012T (= KCTC 33868T = DSM 104332T). 29134392 9 68 theme halophilus 1437:1446 arg1 nov. 1453:1456 Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 1421:1456 the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 1412:1456 Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 4 69 theme strain 301:306 arg1 98012T 312:317 strain YIM 98012T 301:317 strain YIM 98012T 301:317 Optimal growth of strain YIM 98012T was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 and it was found to grow in the presence of 5-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10% NaCl). 29134392 4 70 theme optimum 414:420 arg1 NaCl 426:429 optimum 10% NaCl 414:429 optimum 10% NaCl 414:429 Optimal growth of strain YIM 98012T was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 and it was found to grow in the presence of 5-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10% NaCl). 29134392 4 70 theme optimum 414:420 arg1 NaCl 408:411 5-20% (w/v) NaCl 396:411 5-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10% NaCl) 396:430 Optimal growth of strain YIM 98012T was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 and it was found to grow in the presence of 5-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10% NaCl). 29134392 5 71 theme family 546:551 arg1 Bacillaceae 553:563 the family Bacillaceae 542:563 the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes 542:588 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel strain is affiliated with the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes and that it shares high (94.7%) sequence similarity with Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T and does not show sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera. 29134392 5 72 theme Phylogenetic 433:444 arg1 analysis 446:453 Phylogenetic analysis 433:453 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 433:489 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel strain is affiliated with the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes and that it shares high (94.7%) sequence similarity with Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T and does not show sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera. 29134392 9 73 theme type 1327:1330 arg1 98012T 1297:1302 strain YIM 98012T 1286:1302 strain YIM 98012T 1286:1302 Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 9 73 theme type 1327:1330 arg1 strain 1332:1337 the type strain 1323:1337 the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp 1323:1460 Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 9 74 theme species 1351:1357 arg1 98012T 1297:1302 strain YIM 98012T 1286:1302 strain YIM 98012T 1286:1302 Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 9 74 theme species 1351:1357 arg1 strain 1332:1337 the type strain 1323:1337 the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp 1323:1460 Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 9 75 theme chemotaxonomic 1254:1267 arg1 characteristics 1269:1283 physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1236:1283 physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1236:1283 Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 5 76 theme other 766:770 arg1 genera 780:785 other related genera 766:785 other related genera 766:785 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel strain is affiliated with the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes and that it shares high (94.7%) sequence similarity with Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T and does not show sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera. 29134392 9 77 dep name 1416:1419 arg1 nov. 1453:1456 Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 1421:1456 the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 1412:1456 Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 5 78 theme high 609:612 arg1 similarity 631:640 high (94.7%) sequence similarity 609:640 high (94.7%) sequence similarity 609:640 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel strain is affiliated with the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes and that it shares high (94.7%) sequence similarity with Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T and does not show sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera. 29134392 2 79 theme YIM 166:168 arg1 98012T 170:175 YIM 98012T 166:175 YIM 98012T 166:175 A Gram-positive, non-motile, asporogenous and aerobic bacterium, designated YIM 98012T, was isolated from a salt lake in China. 29134392 8 80 theme lipids 1121:1126 arg1 profile 1128:1134 the polar lipids profile 1111:1134 the polar lipids profile 1111:1134 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM 98012T was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, while the polar lipids profile was found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. 29134392 9 81 theme YIM 1293:1295 arg1 98012T 1297:1302 strain YIM 98012T 1286:1302 strain YIM 98012T 1286:1302 Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 9 81 theme YIM 1293:1295 arg1 strain 1332:1337 the type strain 1323:1337 the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp 1323:1460 Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 29134392 5 82 dep high 609:612 arg1 % 619:619 94.7% 615:619 94.7% 615:619 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel strain is affiliated with the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes and that it shares high (94.7%) sequence similarity with Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T and does not show sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera. 29134392 5 83 theme Alteribacillus 647:660 arg1 21632T 680:685 Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T 647:685 Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T 647:685 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel strain is affiliated with the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes and that it shares high (94.7%) sequence similarity with Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T and does not show sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera. 29134392 9 84 theme physiological 1236:1248 arg1 characteristics 1269:1283 physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1236:1283 physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1236:1283 Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 28032538 12 0 theme peptidoglycan 1268:1280 arg1 type 1282:1285 The peptidoglycan type 1264:1285 The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall 1264:1302 The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ, based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28032538 12 0 theme peptidoglycan 1268:1280 arg1 A1γ 1308:1310 A1γ 1308:1310 A1γ 1308:1310 The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ, based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28032538 3 1 theme Gram-stain-positive 206:224 arg1 bacterium 285:293 A Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped, non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacterium 204:293 A Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped, non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacterium 204:293 A Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped, non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designed BZ-SZ-XJ29T, was isolated from a salt lake of China. 28032538 8 2 theme saliphilus 865:874 arg1 6AGT 876:879 B. saliphilus 6AGT 862:879 B. saliphilus 6AGT 862:879 The DNA-DNA relatedness value with B. saliphilus 6AGT was 45±2 %. 28032538 4 3 theme 16S 374:376 arg1 similarity 397:406 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 374:406 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 374:406 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 13 4 theme separate 1585:1592 arg1 species 1594:1600 two separate species 1581:1600 two separate species 1581:1600 On the basis of the combined phylogenetic data, phenotypic features and chemotaxonomic properties, it is proposed that B. saliphilus and strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T should be assigned to a single novel genus as two separate species. 28032538 13 5 theme phylogenetic 1408:1419 arg1 data 1421:1424 the combined phylogenetic data 1395:1424 the combined phylogenetic data 1395:1424 On the basis of the combined phylogenetic data, phenotypic features and chemotaxonomic properties, it is proposed that B. saliphilus and strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T should be assigned to a single novel genus as two separate species. 28032538 13 5 theme phylogenetic 1408:1419 arg1 features 1438:1445 phenotypic features 1427:1445 phenotypic features 1427:1445 On the basis of the combined phylogenetic data, phenotypic features and chemotaxonomic properties, it is proposed that B. saliphilus and strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T should be assigned to a single novel genus as two separate species. 28032538 13 5 theme phylogenetic 1408:1419 arg1 properties 1466:1475 chemotaxonomic properties 1451:1475 chemotaxonomic properties 1451:1475 On the basis of the combined phylogenetic data, phenotypic features and chemotaxonomic properties, it is proposed that B. saliphilus and strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T should be assigned to a single novel genus as two separate species. 28032538 7 6 theme DNA 791:793 arg1 content 799:805 The genomic DNA G+C content 779:805 The genomic DNA G+C content 779:805 The genomic DNA G+C content was 40.0 mol% (Tm). 28032538 7 6 theme DNA 791:793 arg1 % 819:819 40.0 mol% 811:819 40.0 mol% (Tm) 811:824 The genomic DNA G+C content was 40.0 mol% (Tm). 28032538 3 7 theme non-spore-forming 241:257 arg1 bacterium 285:293 A Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped, non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacterium 204:293 A Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped, non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacterium 204:293 A Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped, non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designed BZ-SZ-XJ29T, was isolated from a salt lake of China. 28032538 4 8 theme gene 383:386 arg1 similarity 397:406 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 374:406 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 374:406 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 3 9 theme cocci-shaped 227:238 arg1 bacterium 285:293 A Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped, non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacterium 204:293 A Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped, non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacterium 204:293 A Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped, non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designed BZ-SZ-XJ29T, was isolated from a salt lake of China. 28032538 4 10 theme other 526:530 arg1 species 532:538 five other species 521:538 five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %) 521:573 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 17 11 theme Strain 1834:1839 arg1 1.12936T 1883:1890 =DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T 1854:1890 =DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T 1854:1890 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T (=DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T) is placed in the genus Alkalicoccus as a novel species, Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp. 28032538 17 11 theme Strain 1834:1839 arg1 BZ-SZ-XJ29T 1841:1851 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T 1834:1851 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T (=DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T) 1834:1891 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T (=DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T) is placed in the genus Alkalicoccus as a novel species, Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp. 28032538 11 12 theme dominant 1152:1159 arg1 lipids 1167:1172 The dominant polar lipids 1148:1172 The dominant polar lipids 1148:1172 The dominant polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and the respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 28032538 4 13 theme phylogenetic 421:432 arg1 relatives 434:442 the closest phylogenetic relatives 409:442 the closest phylogenetic relatives 409:442 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 4 13 theme phylogenetic 421:432 arg1 6AGT 469:472 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 449:472 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 449:515 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 17 14 theme 29191T=JCM 1859:1868 arg1 1.12936T 1883:1890 =DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T 1854:1890 =DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T 1854:1890 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T (=DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T) is placed in the genus Alkalicoccus as a novel species, Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp. 28032538 17 14 theme 29191T=JCM 1859:1868 arg1 BZ-SZ-XJ29T 1841:1851 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T 1834:1851 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T (=DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T) 1834:1891 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T (=DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T) is placed in the genus Alkalicoccus as a novel species, Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp. 28032538 15 15 theme Alkalicoccus 1683:1694 arg1 comb 1707:1710 Alkalicoccus saliphilus comb 1683:1710 Alkalicoccus saliphilus comb 1683:1710 saliphilus is reclassified in a new genus, Alkalicoccus gen. nov., as Alkalicoccus saliphilus comb. 28032538 9 16 theme yellow 919:924 arg1 pigment 926:932 yellow pigment 919:932 yellow pigment 919:932 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.74-4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42-2.10 M Na+], at pH 6.0-10.5 (optimum pH 7.5), and at 5-41 °C (optimum 33 °C). 28032538 5 17 theme rRNA 627:630 arg1 similarity 646:655 only 89.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 611:655 only 89.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp 611:684 However, strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T shared only 89.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 28032538 1 18 theme Alkalicoccus 109:120 arg1 sp 133:134 Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp 109:134 Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp 109:134 nov., and description of Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp. 28032538 4 19 theme similarity 397:406 arg1 relatives 434:442 the closest phylogenetic relatives 409:442 the closest phylogenetic relatives 409:442 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 4 19 theme similarity 397:406 arg1 species 532:538 five other species 521:538 five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %) 521:573 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 4 19 theme similarity 397:406 arg1 6AGT 469:472 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 449:472 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 449:515 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 4 19 theme similarity 397:406 arg1 similarity 505:514 97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 10 20 theme predominant 1074:1084 arg1 anteiso-C15  1111:1122 anteiso-C15  1111:1122 anteiso-C15  1111:1122 The predominant (>10 %) fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28032538 10 20 theme predominant 1074:1084 arg1 % 1091:1091 >10 % 1087:1091 >10 % 1087:1091 The predominant (>10 %) fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28032538 10 20 theme predominant 1074:1084 arg1 acids 1100:1104 The predominant (>10 %) fatty acids 1070:1104 The predominant (>10 %) fatty acids 1070:1104 The predominant (>10 %) fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28032538 5 21 theme sequence 637:644 arg1 similarity 646:655 only 89.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 611:655 only 89.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp 611:684 However, strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T shared only 89.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 28032538 1 22 theme sp 133:134 arg1 nov. 84:87 nov. 84:87 nov. 84:87 nov., and description of Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp. 28032538 1 22 theme sp 133:134 arg1 description 94:104 description 94:104 description 94:104 nov., and description of Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp. 28032538 12 23 theme diamino 1365:1371 arg1 acid 1373:1376 the diagnostic diamino acid 1350:1376 the diagnostic diamino acid 1350:1376 The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ, based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28032538 5 24 dep Bacillus 662:669 arg1 subtilis 671:678 subtilis 671:678 subtilis 671:678 However, strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T shared only 89.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 28032538 15 25 theme new 1645:1647 arg1 nov. 1674:1677 Alkalicoccus gen. nov. 1656:1677 Alkalicoccus gen. nov. 1656:1677 saliphilus is reclassified in a new genus, Alkalicoccus gen. nov., as Alkalicoccus saliphilus comb. 28032538 15 25 theme new 1645:1647 arg1 genus 1649:1653 a new genus 1643:1653 a new genus 1643:1653 saliphilus is reclassified in a new genus, Alkalicoccus gen. nov., as Alkalicoccus saliphilus comb. 28032538 5 26 dep similarity 646:655 arg1 % 621:621 % 621:621 % 621:621 However, strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T shared only 89.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 28032538 4 27 theme % 480:480 arg1 similarity 505:514 97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 4 27 theme % 480:480 arg1 6AGT 469:472 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 449:472 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 449:515 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 3 28 theme China 351:355 arg1 lake 343:346 a salt lake 336:346 a salt lake of China 336:355 A Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped, non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designed BZ-SZ-XJ29T, was isolated from a salt lake of China. 28032538 4 29 theme rRNA 486:489 arg1 similarity 505:514 97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 4 29 theme rRNA 486:489 arg1 6AGT 469:472 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 449:472 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 449:515 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 9 30 theme 0.74-4.15 962:970 arg1 M 972:972 M 972:972 M 972:972 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.74-4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42-2.10 M Na+], at pH 6.0-10.5 (optimum pH 7.5), and at 5-41 °C (optimum 33 °C). 28032538 16 31 theme new 1750:1752 arg1 genus 1754:1758 the new genus 1746:1758 the new genus 1746:1758 nov., and is the type species of the new genus; the type strain of the type species is 6AGT (=DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T). 28032538 17 32 theme novel 1934:1938 arg1 species 1940:1946 a novel species 1932:1946 a novel species 1932:1946 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T (=DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T) is placed in the genus Alkalicoccus as a novel species, Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp. 28032538 9 33 theme Na+ 974:976 arg1 Na+ 999:1001 0.74-4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42-2.10 M Na+] 962:1002 0.74-4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42-2.10 M Na+] 962:1002 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.74-4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42-2.10 M Na+], at pH 6.0-10.5 (optimum pH 7.5), and at 5-41 °C (optimum 33 °C). 28032538 4 34 theme Bacillus 553:560 arg1 relatives 434:442 the closest phylogenetic relatives 409:442 the closest phylogenetic relatives 409:442 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 4 34 theme Bacillus 553:560 arg1 species 532:538 five other species 521:538 five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %) 521:573 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 4 34 theme Bacillus 553:560 arg1 6AGT 469:472 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 449:472 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 449:515 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 4 34 theme Bacillus 553:560 arg1 similarity 505:514 97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 8 35 with value 851:855 arg1 6AGT 876:879 B. saliphilus 6AGT 862:879 B. saliphilus 6AGT 862:879 The DNA-DNA relatedness value with B. saliphilus 6AGT was 45±2 %. 28032538 3 36 attach isolated 322:329 arg1 lake 343:346 a salt lake 336:346 a salt lake of China 336:355 A Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped, non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designed BZ-SZ-XJ29T, was isolated from a salt lake of China. 28032538 3 36 attach isolated 322:329 arg2 bacterium 285:293 A Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped, non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacterium 204:293 A Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped, non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacterium 204:293 A Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped, non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designed BZ-SZ-XJ29T, was isolated from a salt lake of China. 28032538 16 37 theme type 1765:1768 arg1 strain 1770:1775 the type strain 1761:1775 the type strain of the type species 1761:1795 nov., and is the type species of the new genus; the type strain of the type species is 6AGT (=DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T). 28032538 16 37 theme type 1765:1768 arg1 6AGT 1800:1803 6AGT 1800:1803 6AGT (=DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T) 1800:1831 nov., and is the type species of the new genus; the type strain of the type species is 6AGT (=DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T). 28032538 16 38 theme species 1789:1795 arg1 strain 1770:1775 the type strain 1761:1775 the type strain of the type species 1761:1795 nov., and is the type species of the new genus; the type strain of the type species is 6AGT (=DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T). 28032538 16 38 theme species 1789:1795 arg1 6AGT 1800:1803 6AGT 1800:1803 6AGT (=DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T) 1800:1831 nov., and is the type species of the new genus; the type strain of the type species is 6AGT (=DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T). 28032538 17 39 theme halolimnae 1962:1971 arg1 Alkalicoccus 1916:1927 the genus Alkalicoccus 1906:1927 the genus Alkalicoccus as a novel species 1906:1946 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T (=DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T) is placed in the genus Alkalicoccus as a novel species, Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp. 28032538 17 39 theme halolimnae 1962:1971 arg1 sp 1973:1974 Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp 1949:1974 Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp 1949:1974 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T (=DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T) is placed in the genus Alkalicoccus as a novel species, Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp. 28032538 9 40 theme Na+ 999:1001 arg1 presence 950:957 the presence 946:957 the presence of 0.74-4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42-2.10 M Na+] 946:1002 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.74-4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42-2.10 M Na+], at pH 6.0-10.5 (optimum pH 7.5), and at 5-41 °C (optimum 33 °C). 28032538 2 41 attach isolated 177:184 arg1 lake 198:201 a salt lake 191:201 a salt lake 191:201 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake. 28032538 2 41 attach isolated 177:184 arg2 bacterium 167:175 a moderately halophilic bacterium 143:175 a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake 143:201 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake. 28032538 12 42 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1322:1340 arg1 acid 1342:1345 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1322:1345 meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid 1322:1376 The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ, based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28032538 8 43 theme DNA-DNA 831:837 arg1 % 890:890 45±2 % 885:890 45±2 % 885:890 The DNA-DNA relatedness value with B. saliphilus 6AGT was 45±2 %. 28032538 8 43 theme DNA-DNA 831:837 arg1 value 851:855 The DNA-DNA relatedness value 827:855 The DNA-DNA relatedness value with B. saliphilus 6AGT 827:879 The DNA-DNA relatedness value with B. saliphilus 6AGT was 45±2 %. 28032538 4 44 theme sequence 496:503 arg1 similarity 505:514 97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 4 44 theme sequence 496:503 arg1 6AGT 469:472 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 449:472 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 449:515 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 13 45 theme phenotypic 1427:1436 arg1 data 1421:1424 the combined phylogenetic data 1395:1424 the combined phylogenetic data 1395:1424 On the basis of the combined phylogenetic data, phenotypic features and chemotaxonomic properties, it is proposed that B. saliphilus and strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T should be assigned to a single novel genus as two separate species. 28032538 13 45 theme phenotypic 1427:1436 arg1 features 1438:1445 phenotypic features 1427:1445 phenotypic features 1427:1445 On the basis of the combined phylogenetic data, phenotypic features and chemotaxonomic properties, it is proposed that B. saliphilus and strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T should be assigned to a single novel genus as two separate species. 28032538 0 46 theme saliphilus 56:65 arg1 comb 78:81 comb 78:81 comb 78:81 Reclassification of Bacillus saliphilus as Alkalicoccus saliphilus gen. nov., comb. 28032538 0 46 theme saliphilus 56:65 arg1 nov. 72:75 Alkalicoccus saliphilus gen. nov. 43:75 Alkalicoccus saliphilus gen. nov. 43:75 Reclassification of Bacillus saliphilus as Alkalicoccus saliphilus gen. nov., comb. 28032538 12 47 theme wall 1299:1302 arg1 type 1282:1285 The peptidoglycan type 1264:1285 The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall 1264:1302 The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ, based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28032538 12 47 theme wall 1299:1302 arg1 A1γ 1308:1310 A1γ 1308:1310 A1γ 1308:1310 The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ, based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28032538 2 48 theme salt 193:196 arg1 lake 198:201 a salt lake 191:201 a salt lake 191:201 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake. 28032538 6 49 theme genus 763:767 arg1 member 749:754 a member 747:754 a member of the genus Bacillus 747:776 subtilis DSM 10T, indicating that this isolate might not be a member of the genus Bacillus. 28032538 6 49 theme genus 763:767 arg1 isolate 726:732 this isolate 721:732 this isolate 721:732 subtilis DSM 10T, indicating that this isolate might not be a member of the genus Bacillus. 28032538 16 50 theme type 1730:1733 arg1 species 1735:1741 the type species 1726:1741 the type species of the new genus 1726:1758 nov., and is the type species of the new genus; the type strain of the type species is 6AGT (=DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T). 28032538 8 51 theme B. 862:863 arg1 6AGT 876:879 B. saliphilus 6AGT 862:879 B. saliphilus 6AGT 862:879 The DNA-DNA relatedness value with B. saliphilus 6AGT was 45±2 %. 28032538 15 52 theme Alkalicoccus 1656:1667 arg1 nov. 1674:1677 Alkalicoccus gen. nov. 1656:1677 Alkalicoccus gen. nov. 1656:1677 saliphilus is reclassified in a new genus, Alkalicoccus gen. nov., as Alkalicoccus saliphilus comb. 28032538 15 52 theme Alkalicoccus 1656:1667 arg1 genus 1649:1653 a new genus 1643:1653 a new genus 1643:1653 saliphilus is reclassified in a new genus, Alkalicoccus gen. nov., as Alkalicoccus saliphilus comb. 28032538 17 53 theme genus 1910:1914 arg1 sp 1973:1974 Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp 1949:1974 Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp 1949:1974 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T (=DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T) is placed in the genus Alkalicoccus as a novel species, Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp. 28032538 17 53 theme genus 1910:1914 arg1 Alkalicoccus 1916:1927 the genus Alkalicoccus 1906:1927 the genus Alkalicoccus as a novel species 1906:1946 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T (=DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T) is placed in the genus Alkalicoccus as a novel species, Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp. 28032538 6 54 theme subtilis 687:694 arg1 10T 700:702 subtilis DSM 10T 687:702 subtilis DSM 10T 687:702 subtilis DSM 10T, indicating that this isolate might not be a member of the genus Bacillus. 28032538 16 55 theme =DSM 1806:1809 arg1 6AGT 1800:1803 6AGT 1800:1803 6AGT (=DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T) 1800:1831 nov., and is the type species of the new genus; the type strain of the type species is 6AGT (=DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T). 28032538 16 55 theme =DSM 1806:1809 arg1 BAA-957T 1823:1830 =DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T 1806:1830 =DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T 1806:1830 nov., and is the type species of the new genus; the type strain of the type species is 6AGT (=DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T). 28032538 4 56 dep Bacillus 449:456 arg1 saliphilus 458:467 saliphilus 458:467 saliphilus 458:467 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 4 57 theme rRNA 378:381 arg1 similarity 397:406 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 374:406 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 374:406 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 13 58 theme combined 1399:1406 arg1 data 1421:1424 the combined phylogenetic data 1395:1424 the combined phylogenetic data 1395:1424 On the basis of the combined phylogenetic data, phenotypic features and chemotaxonomic properties, it is proposed that B. saliphilus and strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T should be assigned to a single novel genus as two separate species. 28032538 13 58 theme combined 1399:1406 arg1 features 1438:1445 phenotypic features 1427:1445 phenotypic features 1427:1445 On the basis of the combined phylogenetic data, phenotypic features and chemotaxonomic properties, it is proposed that B. saliphilus and strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T should be assigned to a single novel genus as two separate species. 28032538 13 58 theme combined 1399:1406 arg1 properties 1466:1475 chemotaxonomic properties 1451:1475 chemotaxonomic properties 1451:1475 On the basis of the combined phylogenetic data, phenotypic features and chemotaxonomic properties, it is proposed that B. saliphilus and strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T should be assigned to a single novel genus as two separate species. 28032538 4 59 theme sequence 388:395 arg1 similarity 397:406 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 374:406 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 374:406 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 2 60 dep bacterium 167:175 arg1 nov. 137:140 nov. 137:140 nov. 137:140 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake. 28032538 16 61 theme 15402T=ATCC 1811:1821 arg1 6AGT 1800:1803 6AGT 1800:1803 6AGT (=DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T) 1800:1831 nov., and is the type species of the new genus; the type strain of the type species is 6AGT (=DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T). 28032538 16 61 theme 15402T=ATCC 1811:1821 arg1 BAA-957T 1823:1830 =DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T 1806:1830 =DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T 1806:1830 nov., and is the type species of the new genus; the type strain of the type species is 6AGT (=DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T). 28032538 7 62 theme G+C 795:797 arg1 content 799:805 The genomic DNA G+C content 779:805 The genomic DNA G+C content 779:805 The genomic DNA G+C content was 40.0 mol% (Tm). 28032538 7 62 theme G+C 795:797 arg1 % 819:819 40.0 mol% 811:819 40.0 mol% (Tm) 811:824 The genomic DNA G+C content was 40.0 mol% (Tm). 28032538 13 63 theme novel 1566:1570 arg1 genus 1572:1576 a single novel genus 1557:1576 a single novel genus as two separate species 1557:1600 On the basis of the combined phylogenetic data, phenotypic features and chemotaxonomic properties, it is proposed that B. saliphilus and strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T should be assigned to a single novel genus as two separate species. 28032538 13 64 theme single 1559:1564 arg1 genus 1572:1576 a single novel genus 1557:1576 a single novel genus as two separate species 1557:1600 On the basis of the combined phylogenetic data, phenotypic features and chemotaxonomic properties, it is proposed that B. saliphilus and strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T should be assigned to a single novel genus as two separate species. 28032538 5 65 theme strain 585:590 arg1 BZ-SZ-XJ29T 592:602 strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T 585:602 strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T 585:602 However, strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T shared only 89.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 28032538 9 66 theme optimum 1054:1060 arg1 5-41 °C 1045:1051 5-41 °C 1045:1051 5-41 °C (optimum 33 °C) 1045:1067 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.74-4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42-2.10 M Na+], at pH 6.0-10.5 (optimum pH 7.5), and at 5-41 °C (optimum 33 °C). 28032538 9 66 theme optimum 1054:1060 arg1 33 °C 1062:1066 optimum 33 °C 1054:1066 optimum 33 °C 1054:1066 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.74-4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42-2.10 M Na+], at pH 6.0-10.5 (optimum pH 7.5), and at 5-41 °C (optimum 33 °C). 28032538 7 67 theme genomic 783:789 arg1 content 799:805 The genomic DNA G+C content 779:805 The genomic DNA G+C content 779:805 The genomic DNA G+C content was 40.0 mol% (Tm). 28032538 7 67 theme genomic 783:789 arg1 % 819:819 40.0 mol% 811:819 40.0 mol% (Tm) 811:824 The genomic DNA G+C content was 40.0 mol% (Tm). 28032538 15 68 theme saliphilus 1696:1705 arg1 comb 1707:1710 Alkalicoccus saliphilus comb 1683:1710 Alkalicoccus saliphilus comb 1683:1710 saliphilus is reclassified in a new genus, Alkalicoccus gen. nov., as Alkalicoccus saliphilus comb. 28032538 17 69 theme =DSM 1854:1857 arg1 1.12936T 1883:1890 =DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T 1854:1890 =DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T 1854:1890 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T (=DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T) is placed in the genus Alkalicoccus as a novel species, Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp. 28032538 17 69 theme =DSM 1854:1857 arg1 BZ-SZ-XJ29T 1841:1851 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T 1834:1851 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T (=DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T) 1834:1891 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T (=DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T) is placed in the genus Alkalicoccus as a novel species, Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp. 28032538 9 70 theme Strain 893:898 arg1 BZ-SZ-XJ29T 900:910 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T 893:910 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T 893:910 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.74-4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42-2.10 M Na+], at pH 6.0-10.5 (optimum pH 7.5), and at 5-41 °C (optimum 33 °C). 28032538 5 71 theme Bacillus 662:669 arg1 subsp 680:684 Bacillus subtilis subsp 662:684 Bacillus subtilis subsp 662:684 However, strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T shared only 89.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 28032538 3 72 theme halophilic 274:283 arg1 bacterium 285:293 A Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped, non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacterium 204:293 A Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped, non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacterium 204:293 A Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped, non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designed BZ-SZ-XJ29T, was isolated from a salt lake of China. 28032538 4 73 theme Bacillus 449:456 arg1 relatives 434:442 the closest phylogenetic relatives 409:442 the closest phylogenetic relatives 409:442 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 4 73 theme Bacillus 449:456 arg1 6AGT 469:472 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 449:472 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 449:515 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 4 73 theme Bacillus 449:456 arg1 similarity 505:514 97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 17 74 theme 30193T=CGMCC 1870:1881 arg1 1.12936T 1883:1890 =DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T 1854:1890 =DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T 1854:1890 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T (=DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T) is placed in the genus Alkalicoccus as a novel species, Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp. 28032538 17 74 theme 30193T=CGMCC 1870:1881 arg1 BZ-SZ-XJ29T 1841:1851 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T 1834:1851 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T (=DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T) 1834:1891 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T (=DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T) is placed in the genus Alkalicoccus as a novel species, Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp. 28032538 11 75 theme polar 1161:1165 arg1 lipids 1167:1172 The dominant polar lipids 1148:1172 The dominant polar lipids 1148:1172 The dominant polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and the respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 28032538 5 76 theme 16S 623:625 arg1 similarity 646:655 only 89.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 611:655 only 89.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp 611:684 However, strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T shared only 89.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 28032538 5 77 theme gene 632:635 arg1 similarity 646:655 only 89.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 611:655 only 89.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp 611:684 However, strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T shared only 89.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 28032538 1 78 theme halolimnae 122:131 arg1 sp 133:134 Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp 109:134 Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp 109:134 nov., and description of Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp. 28032538 4 79 theme closest 413:419 arg1 relatives 434:442 the closest phylogenetic relatives 409:442 the closest phylogenetic relatives 409:442 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 4 79 theme closest 413:419 arg1 6AGT 469:472 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 449:472 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 449:515 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 3 80 theme salt 338:341 arg1 lake 343:346 a salt lake 336:346 a salt lake of China 336:355 A Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped, non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designed BZ-SZ-XJ29T, was isolated from a salt lake of China. 28032538 4 81 theme 16S 482:484 arg1 similarity 505:514 97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 4 81 theme 16S 482:484 arg1 6AGT 469:472 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 449:472 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 449:515 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 10 82 theme fatty 1094:1098 arg1 anteiso-C15  1111:1122 anteiso-C15  1111:1122 anteiso-C15  1111:1122 The predominant (>10 %) fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28032538 10 82 theme fatty 1094:1098 arg1 % 1091:1091 >10 % 1087:1091 >10 % 1087:1091 The predominant (>10 %) fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28032538 10 82 theme fatty 1094:1098 arg1 acids 1100:1104 The predominant (>10 %) fatty acids 1070:1104 The predominant (>10 %) fatty acids 1070:1104 The predominant (>10 %) fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28032538 10 83 dep anteiso-C15  1111:1122 arg1  0 1144:1145  0 1144:1145  0 1144:1145 The predominant (>10 %) fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28032538 10 83 dep anteiso-C15  1111:1122 arg1 anteiso-C15  1131:1142 anteiso-C15  1131:1142 anteiso-C15  1131:1142 The predominant (>10 %) fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28032538 10 83 dep anteiso-C15  1111:1122 arg1  0 1124:1125  0 1124:1125  0 1124:1125 The predominant (>10 %) fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28032538 4 84 theme gene 491:494 arg1 similarity 505:514 97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 475:514 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 4 84 theme gene 491:494 arg1 6AGT 469:472 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 449:472 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 449:515 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 13 85 theme strain 1516:1521 arg1 BZ-SZ-XJ29T 1523:1533 strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T 1516:1533 strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T 1516:1533 On the basis of the combined phylogenetic data, phenotypic features and chemotaxonomic properties, it is proposed that B. saliphilus and strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T should be assigned to a single novel genus as two separate species. 28032538 16 86 theme genus 1754:1758 arg1 species 1735:1741 the type species 1726:1741 the type species of the new genus 1726:1758 nov., and is the type species of the new genus; the type strain of the type species is 6AGT (=DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T). 28032538 16 86 theme genus 1754:1758 arg1 nov. 1713:1716 nov. 1713:1716 nov. 1713:1716 nov., and is the type species of the new genus; the type strain of the type species is 6AGT (=DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T). 28032538 12 87 theme diagnostic 1354:1363 arg1 acid 1373:1376 the diagnostic diamino acid 1350:1376 the diagnostic diamino acid 1350:1376 The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ, based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28032538 6 88 theme DSM 696:698 arg1 10T 700:702 subtilis DSM 10T 687:702 subtilis DSM 10T 687:702 subtilis DSM 10T, indicating that this isolate might not be a member of the genus Bacillus. 28032538 9 89 theme M 972:972 arg1 Na+ 999:1001 0.74-4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42-2.10 M Na+] 962:1002 0.74-4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42-2.10 M Na+] 962:1002 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.74-4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42-2.10 M Na+], at pH 6.0-10.5 (optimum pH 7.5), and at 5-41 °C (optimum 33 °C). 28032538 4 90 theme 97.3  475:479 arg1 % 480:480 % 480:480 % 480:480 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 9 91 theme [optimum 978:985 arg1 Na+ 999:1001 0.74-4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42-2.10 M Na+] 962:1002 0.74-4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42-2.10 M Na+] 962:1002 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.74-4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42-2.10 M Na+], at pH 6.0-10.5 (optimum pH 7.5), and at 5-41 °C (optimum 33 °C). 28032538 5 92 dep % 621:621 arg1 89.5  616:620 89.5  616:620 89.5  616:620 However, strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T shared only 89.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 28032538 6 93 dep genus 763:767 arg1 Bacillus 769:776 the genus Bacillus 759:776 the genus Bacillus 759:776 subtilis DSM 10T, indicating that this isolate might not be a member of the genus Bacillus. 28032538 17 94 theme Alkalicoccus 1949:1960 arg1 Alkalicoccus 1916:1927 the genus Alkalicoccus 1906:1927 the genus Alkalicoccus as a novel species 1906:1946 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T (=DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T) is placed in the genus Alkalicoccus as a novel species, Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp. 28032538 17 94 theme Alkalicoccus 1949:1960 arg1 sp 1973:1974 Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp 1949:1974 Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp 1949:1974 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T (=DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T) is placed in the genus Alkalicoccus as a novel species, Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp. 28032538 9 95 theme M 997:997 arg1 Na+ 999:1001 0.74-4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42-2.10 M Na+] 962:1002 0.74-4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42-2.10 M Na+] 962:1002 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.74-4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42-2.10 M Na+], at pH 6.0-10.5 (optimum pH 7.5), and at 5-41 °C (optimum 33 °C). 28032538 0 96 theme saliphilus 29:38 arg1 Reclassification 0:15 Reclassification 0:15 Reclassification of Bacillus saliphilus as Alkalicoccus saliphilus gen. nov., comb. 0:82 Reclassification of Bacillus saliphilus as Alkalicoccus saliphilus gen. nov., comb. 28032538 16 97 theme type 1784:1787 arg1 species 1789:1795 the type species 1780:1795 the type species 1780:1795 nov., and is the type species of the new genus; the type strain of the type species is 6AGT (=DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T). 28032538 0 98 theme Alkalicoccus 43:54 arg1 comb 78:81 comb 78:81 comb 78:81 Reclassification of Bacillus saliphilus as Alkalicoccus saliphilus gen. nov., comb. 28032538 0 98 theme Alkalicoccus 43:54 arg1 nov. 72:75 Alkalicoccus saliphilus gen. nov. 43:75 Alkalicoccus saliphilus gen. nov. 43:75 Reclassification of Bacillus saliphilus as Alkalicoccus saliphilus gen. nov., comb. 28032538 5 99 with similarity 646:655 arg1 subsp 680:684 Bacillus subtilis subsp 662:684 Bacillus subtilis subsp 662:684 However, strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T shared only 89.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 28032538 2 100 theme halophilic 156:165 arg1 bacterium 167:175 a moderately halophilic bacterium 143:175 a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake 143:201 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake. 28032538 0 101 theme gen. 67:70 arg1 comb 78:81 comb 78:81 comb 78:81 Reclassification of Bacillus saliphilus as Alkalicoccus saliphilus gen. nov., comb. 28032538 0 101 theme gen. 67:70 arg1 nov. 72:75 Alkalicoccus saliphilus gen. nov. 43:75 Alkalicoccus saliphilus gen. nov. 43:75 Reclassification of Bacillus saliphilus as Alkalicoccus saliphilus gen. nov., comb. 28032538 15 102 theme gen. 1669:1672 arg1 nov. 1674:1677 Alkalicoccus gen. nov. 1656:1677 Alkalicoccus gen. nov. 1656:1677 saliphilus is reclassified in a new genus, Alkalicoccus gen. nov., as Alkalicoccus saliphilus comb. 28032538 15 102 theme gen. 1669:1672 arg1 genus 1649:1653 a new genus 1643:1653 a new genus 1643:1653 saliphilus is reclassified in a new genus, Alkalicoccus gen. nov., as Alkalicoccus saliphilus comb. 28032538 13 103 dep data 1421:1424 arg1 the 1382:1384 the 1382:1384 the 1382:1384 On the basis of the combined phylogenetic data, phenotypic features and chemotaxonomic properties, it is proposed that B. saliphilus and strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T should be assigned to a single novel genus as two separate species. 28032538 13 103 dep data 1421:1424 arg1 basis 1386:1390 basis 1386:1390 basis 1386:1390 On the basis of the combined phylogenetic data, phenotypic features and chemotaxonomic properties, it is proposed that B. saliphilus and strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T should be assigned to a single novel genus as two separate species. 28032538 12 104 theme cell 1294:1297 arg1 wall 1299:1302 the cell wall 1290:1302 the cell wall 1290:1302 The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ, based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28032538 8 105 theme relatedness 839:849 arg1 % 890:890 45±2 % 885:890 45±2 % 885:890 The DNA-DNA relatedness value with B. saliphilus 6AGT was 45±2 %. 28032538 8 105 theme relatedness 839:849 arg1 value 851:855 The DNA-DNA relatedness value 827:855 The DNA-DNA relatedness value with B. saliphilus 6AGT 827:879 The DNA-DNA relatedness value with B. saliphilus 6AGT was 45±2 %. 28032538 13 106 theme chemotaxonomic 1451:1464 arg1 data 1421:1424 the combined phylogenetic data 1395:1424 the combined phylogenetic data 1395:1424 On the basis of the combined phylogenetic data, phenotypic features and chemotaxonomic properties, it is proposed that B. saliphilus and strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T should be assigned to a single novel genus as two separate species. 28032538 13 106 theme chemotaxonomic 1451:1464 arg1 properties 1466:1475 chemotaxonomic properties 1451:1475 chemotaxonomic properties 1451:1475 On the basis of the combined phylogenetic data, phenotypic features and chemotaxonomic properties, it is proposed that B. saliphilus and strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T should be assigned to a single novel genus as two separate species. 28032538 9 107 theme optimum 1021:1027 arg1 pH 1029:1030 optimum pH 7.5 1021:1034 optimum pH 7.5 1021:1034 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.74-4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42-2.10 M Na+], at pH 6.0-10.5 (optimum pH 7.5), and at 5-41 °C (optimum 33 °C). 28032538 9 107 theme optimum 1021:1027 arg1 pH 1008:1009 pH 6.0-10.5 1008:1018 pH 6.0-10.5 (optimum pH 7.5) 1008:1035 Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.74-4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42-2.10 M Na+], at pH 6.0-10.5 (optimum pH 7.5), and at 5-41 °C (optimum 33 °C). 28032538 11 108 theme respiratory 1218:1228 arg1 menaquinone-7 1242:1254 menaquinone-7 1242:1254 menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 1242:1261 The dominant polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and the respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 28032538 11 108 theme respiratory 1218:1228 arg1 quinone 1230:1236 the respiratory quinone 1214:1236 the respiratory quinone 1214:1236 The dominant polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and the respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 28032538 7 109 theme 40.0 mol 811:818 arg1 Tm 822:823 Tm 822:823 Tm 822:823 The genomic DNA G+C content was 40.0 mol% (Tm). 28032538 7 109 theme 40.0 mol 811:818 arg1 content 799:805 The genomic DNA G+C content 779:805 The genomic DNA G+C content 779:805 The genomic DNA G+C content was 40.0 mol% (Tm). 28032538 7 109 theme 40.0 mol 811:818 arg1 % 819:819 40.0 mol% 811:819 40.0 mol% (Tm) 811:824 The genomic DNA G+C content was 40.0 mol% (Tm). 28032538 4 110 dep similarity 397:406 arg1 basis 365:369 basis 365:369 basis 365:369 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 28032538 4 110 dep similarity 397:406 arg1 the 361:363 the 361:363 the 361:363 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus(95.4-96.3 %). 27118186 13 0 theme aurantiacus 1704:1714 arg1 nov. 1721:1724 Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov. 1685:1724 the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov. 1676:1724 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 13 1 theme Bacillaceae.The 1563:1577 arg1 members 1541:1547 all other members 1531:1547 all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp 1531:1728 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 6 2 theme Bacillus 762:769 arg1 071004T 788:794 Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T 762:794 Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) 762:803 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) and Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %). 27118186 6 2 theme Bacillus 762:769 arg1 % 802:802 96.5 % 797:802 96.5 % 797:802 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) and Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %). 27118186 5 3 theme sequence 421:428 arg1 similarity 430:439 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 398:439 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) 398:448 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (86±2 %) indicated that strains S9T and S12 were members of a single species. 27118186 5 3 theme sequence 421:428 arg1 % 447:447 99.9 % 442:447 99.9 % 442:447 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (86±2 %) indicated that strains S9T and S12 were members of a single species. 27118186 16 4 dep Salipaludibacillus 1929:1946 arg1 agaradhaerens 1948:1960 agaradhaerens 1948:1960 agaradhaerens 1948:1960 Based on the present study, it is also proposed to transfer Bacillus agaradhaerens and Bacillus neizhouensis to this new genus as Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens comb. 27118186 6 5 theme sequence 740:747 arg1 similarity 749:758 96.8 % sequence similarity 733:758 96.8 % sequence similarity 733:758 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) and Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %). 27118186 6 5 theme sequence 740:747 arg1 PN-105T 724:730 Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T 701:730 Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity) 701:759 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) and Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %). 27118186 13 6 theme strains 1506:1512 arg1 differentiation 1487:1501 a clear differentiation 1479:1501 a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp 1479:1728 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 6 7 theme Bacillus 809:816 arg1 JC167T 825:830 Bacillus luteus JC167T 809:830 Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %) 809:839 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) and Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %). 27118186 6 7 theme Bacillus 809:816 arg1 % 838:838 96.1 % 833:838 96.1 % 833:838 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) and Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %). 27118186 15 8 theme =KCTC 1773:1777 arg1 S9T 1768:1770 S9T 1768:1770 S9T (=KCTC 33633T=LMG 28644T) 1768:1796 The type strain is S9T (=KCTC 33633T=LMG 28644T). 27118186 15 8 theme =KCTC 1773:1777 arg1 28644T 1790:1795 =KCTC 33633T=LMG 28644T 1773:1795 =KCTC 33633T=LMG 28644T 1773:1795 The type strain is S9T (=KCTC 33633T=LMG 28644T). 27118186 6 9 theme 96.8  733:737 arg1 % 738:738 % 738:738 % 738:738 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) and Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %). 27118186 13 10 theme tests 1465:1469 arg1 results 1409:1415 The results 1405:1415 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1405:1469 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 13 11 theme family 1646:1651 arg1 Bacillaceae 1653:1663 the family Bacillaceae 1642:1663 the family Bacillaceae 1642:1663 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 13 12 dep Bacillaceae.The 1563:1577 arg1 strains 1579:1585 strains 1579:1585 strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp 1579:1728 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 5 13 dep strains 498:504 arg1 S9T 506:508 S9T 506:508 S9T 506:508 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (86±2 %) indicated that strains S9T and S12 were members of a single species. 27118186 5 13 dep strains 498:504 arg1 strains 498:504 strains S9T and S12 498:516 strains S9T and S12 498:516 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (86±2 %) indicated that strains S9T and S12 were members of a single species. 27118186 5 13 dep strains 498:504 arg1 S12 514:516 S12 514:516 S12 514:516 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (86±2 %) indicated that strains S9T and S12 were members of a single species. 27118186 13 14 from Bacillaceae 1653:1663 arg1 member 1615:1620 a novel member 1607:1620 a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp 1607:1728 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 13 14 from Bacillaceae 1653:1663 arg1 genus 1631:1635 a new genus 1625:1635 a new genus 1625:1635 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 7 15 theme Bacillus 923:930 arg1 subsp 941:945 Bacillus subtilis subsp 923:945 Bacillus subtilis subsp 923:945 However, these strains shared only 90.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 27118186 13 16 theme new 1627:1629 arg1 genus 1631:1635 a new genus 1625:1635 a new genus 1625:1635 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 1 17 theme agaradhaerens 115:127 arg1 reclassification 86:101 reclassification 86:101 reclassification of Bacillus agaradhaerens 86:127 nov. a novel alkali tolerant bacterium, reclassification of Bacillus agaradhaerens as Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens comb. 27118186 1 17 theme agaradhaerens 115:127 arg1 bacterium 75:83 a novel alkali tolerant bacterium 51:83 a novel alkali tolerant bacterium 51:83 nov. a novel alkali tolerant bacterium, reclassification of Bacillus agaradhaerens as Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens comb. 27118186 12 18 theme Major 1281:1285 arg1 acids 1293:1297 Major fatty acids 1281:1297 Major fatty acids (>5 %) 1281:1304 Major fatty acids (>5 %) included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3. 27118186 12 18 theme Major 1281:1285 arg1 % 1303:1303 >5 % 1300:1303 >5 % 1300:1303 Major fatty acids (>5 %) included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3. 27118186 7 19 theme gene 893:896 arg1 similarity 907:916 only 90.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 872:916 only 90.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp 872:945 However, these strains shared only 90.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 27118186 1 20 theme Salipaludibacillus 132:149 arg1 comb 165:168 Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens comb 132:168 Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens comb 132:168 nov. a novel alkali tolerant bacterium, reclassification of Bacillus agaradhaerens as Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens comb. 27118186 4 21 attach isolated 352:359 arg1 lake 382:385 lake 382:385 lake 382:385 Two novel (S9T and S12) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile and endospore forming bacteria were isolated from Narayan Sarovar lake, in India. 27118186 4 21 attach isolated 352:359 arg2 bacteria 338:345 Two novel (S9T and S12) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile and endospore forming bacteria 248:345 Two novel (S9T and S12) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile and endospore forming bacteria 248:345 Two novel (S9T and S12) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile and endospore forming bacteria were isolated from Narayan Sarovar lake, in India. 27118186 7 22 dep % 882:882 arg1 90.3  877:881 90.3  877:881 90.3  877:881 However, these strains shared only 90.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 27118186 7 23 theme 16S 884:886 arg1 similarity 907:916 only 90.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 872:916 only 90.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp 872:945 However, these strains shared only 90.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 27118186 5 24 theme 16S 407:409 arg1 similarity 430:439 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 398:439 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) 398:448 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (86±2 %) indicated that strains S9T and S12 were members of a single species. 27118186 5 24 theme 16S 407:409 arg1 % 447:447 99.9 % 442:447 99.9 % 442:447 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (86±2 %) indicated that strains S9T and S12 were members of a single species. 27118186 6 25 theme sequence 579:586 arg1 analysis 588:595 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 561:595 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 561:595 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) and Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %). 27118186 13 26 from member 1615:1620 arg1 Bacillaceae 1653:1663 the family Bacillaceae 1642:1663 the family Bacillaceae 1642:1663 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 4 27 theme novel 252:256 arg1 bacteria 338:345 Two novel (S9T and S12) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile and endospore forming bacteria 248:345 Two novel (S9T and S12) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile and endospore forming bacteria 248:345 Two novel (S9T and S12) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile and endospore forming bacteria were isolated from Narayan Sarovar lake, in India. 27118186 6 28 theme rRNA 569:572 arg1 analysis 588:595 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 561:595 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 561:595 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) and Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %). 27118186 8 29 theme subtilis 948:955 arg1 10T 961:963 subtilis DSM 10T 948:963 subtilis DSM 10T 948:963 subtilis DSM 10T, indicating that they might not be members of the genus Bacillus. 27118186 1 30 theme novel 53:57 arg1 reclassification 86:101 reclassification 86:101 reclassification of Bacillus agaradhaerens 86:127 nov. a novel alkali tolerant bacterium, reclassification of Bacillus agaradhaerens as Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens comb. 27118186 1 30 theme novel 53:57 arg1 bacterium 75:83 a novel alkali tolerant bacterium 51:83 a novel alkali tolerant bacterium 51:83 nov. a novel alkali tolerant bacterium, reclassification of Bacillus agaradhaerens as Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens comb. 27118186 1 31 theme tolerant 66:73 arg1 reclassification 86:101 reclassification 86:101 reclassification of Bacillus agaradhaerens 86:127 nov. a novel alkali tolerant bacterium, reclassification of Bacillus agaradhaerens as Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens comb. 27118186 1 31 theme tolerant 66:73 arg1 bacterium 75:83 a novel alkali tolerant bacterium 51:83 a novel alkali tolerant bacterium 51:83 nov. a novel alkali tolerant bacterium, reclassification of Bacillus agaradhaerens as Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens comb. 27118186 11 32 theme isoprenoid 1252:1261 arg1 quinone 1263:1269 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1236:1269 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1236:1269 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 27118186 11 32 theme isoprenoid 1252:1261 arg1 MK-7 1275:1278 MK-7 1275:1278 MK-7 1275:1278 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 27118186 0 33 theme Salipaludibacillus 0:17 arg1 nov. 36:39 Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov. 0:39 Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov. 0:39 Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 5 34 theme species 543:549 arg1 members 523:529 members 523:529 members of a single species 523:549 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (86±2 %) indicated that strains S9T and S12 were members of a single species. 27118186 4 35 theme Gram-stain-positive 272:290 arg1 bacteria 338:345 Two novel (S9T and S12) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile and endospore forming bacteria 248:345 Two novel (S9T and S12) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile and endospore forming bacteria 248:345 Two novel (S9T and S12) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile and endospore forming bacteria were isolated from Narayan Sarovar lake, in India. 27118186 0 36 theme gen. 31:34 arg1 nov. 36:39 Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov. 0:39 Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov. 0:39 Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 12 37 theme summed 1387:1392 arg1 feature 1394:1400 summed feature 3 1387:1402 summed feature 3 1387:1402 Major fatty acids (>5 %) included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3. 27118186 13 38 dep name 1680:1683 arg1 nov. 1721:1724 Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov. 1685:1724 the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov. 1676:1724 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 6 39 theme 16S 565:567 arg1 rRNA 569:572 the 16S rRNA 561:572 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 561:595 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) and Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %). 27118186 9 40 contain contained 1059:1067 arg2 acid 1089:1092 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1069:1092 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1069:1092 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27118186 9 40 contain contained 1059:1067 arg1 peptidoglycan 1045:1057 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1031:1057 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1031:1057 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27118186 13 41 dep strains 1506:1512 arg1 S12 1522:1524 S12 1522:1524 S12 1522:1524 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 13 41 dep strains 1506:1512 arg1 S9T 1514:1516 S9T 1514:1516 S9T 1514:1516 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 13 41 dep strains 1506:1512 arg1 strains 1506:1512 strains S9T and S12 1506:1524 strains S9T and S12 1506:1524 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 15 42 theme 33633T=LMG 1779:1788 arg1 S9T 1768:1770 S9T 1768:1770 S9T (=KCTC 33633T=LMG 28644T) 1768:1796 The type strain is S9T (=KCTC 33633T=LMG 28644T). 27118186 15 42 theme 33633T=LMG 1779:1788 arg1 28644T 1790:1795 =KCTC 33633T=LMG 28644T 1773:1795 =KCTC 33633T=LMG 28644T 1773:1795 The type strain is S9T (=KCTC 33633T=LMG 28644T). 27118186 16 43 theme new 1916:1918 arg1 genus 1920:1924 this new genus 1911:1924 this new genus as Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens comb 1911:1965 Based on the present study, it is also proposed to transfer Bacillus agaradhaerens and Bacillus neizhouensis to this new genus as Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens comb. 27118186 9 44 theme cell-wall 1035:1043 arg1 peptidoglycan 1045:1057 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1031:1057 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1031:1057 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27118186 12 45 dep anteiso-C15  1315:1326 arg1  0 1380:1381  0 1380:1381  0 1380:1381 Major fatty acids (>5 %) included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3. 27118186 12 45 dep anteiso-C15  1315:1326 arg1 C16  1332:1335 C16  1332:1335 C16  1332:1335 Major fatty acids (>5 %) included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3. 27118186 12 45 dep anteiso-C15  1315:1326 arg1  0 1328:1329  0 1328:1329  0 1328:1329 Major fatty acids (>5 %) included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3. 27118186 12 45 dep anteiso-C15  1315:1326 arg1 feature 1394:1400 summed feature 3 1387:1402 summed feature 3 1387:1402 Major fatty acids (>5 %) included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3. 27118186 12 45 dep anteiso-C15  1315:1326 arg1 iso-C16  1371:1378 iso-C16  1371:1378 iso-C16  1371:1378 Major fatty acids (>5 %) included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3. 27118186 6 46 theme JSM 784:786 arg1 071004T 788:794 Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T 762:794 Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) 762:803 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) and Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %). 27118186 6 46 theme JSM 784:786 arg1 % 802:802 96.5 % 797:802 96.5 % 797:802 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) and Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %). 27118186 4 47 theme forming 330:336 arg1 bacteria 338:345 Two novel (S9T and S12) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile and endospore forming bacteria 248:345 Two novel (S9T and S12) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile and endospore forming bacteria 248:345 Two novel (S9T and S12) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile and endospore forming bacteria were isolated from Narayan Sarovar lake, in India. 27118186 2 48 theme Salipaludibacillus 205:222 arg1 comb 237:240 Salipaludibacillus neizhouensis comb 205:240 Salipaludibacillus neizhouensis comb 205:240 nov. and Bacillus neizhouensis as Salipaludibacillus neizhouensis comb. 27118186 12 49 dep  0 1337:1338 arg1  0 1350:1351  0 1350:1351  0 1350:1351 Major fatty acids (>5 %) included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3. 27118186 10 50 theme Polar 1095:1099 arg1 lipids 1101:1106 Polar lipids 1095:1106 Polar lipids 1095:1106 Polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown phospholipid and an unknown lipid. 27118186 8 51 dep genus 1015:1019 arg1 Bacillus 1021:1028 the genus Bacillus 1011:1028 the genus Bacillus 1011:1028 subtilis DSM 10T, indicating that they might not be members of the genus Bacillus. 27118186 6 52 dep Bacillus 701:708 arg1 agaradhaerens 710:722 agaradhaerens 710:722 agaradhaerens 710:722 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) and Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %). 27118186 13 53 theme Salipaludibacillus 1685:1702 arg1 nov. 1721:1724 Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov. 1685:1724 the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov. 1676:1724 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 12 54 dep C16  1332:1335 arg1  0 1337:1338  0 1337:1338  0 1337:1338 Major fatty acids (>5 %) included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3. 27118186 12 54 dep C16  1332:1335 arg1  0 1367:1368  0 1367:1368 C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 1332:1368 Major fatty acids (>5 %) included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3. 27118186 5 55 theme gene 416:419 arg1 similarity 430:439 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 398:439 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) 398:448 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (86±2 %) indicated that strains S9T and S12 were members of a single species. 27118186 5 55 theme gene 416:419 arg1 % 447:447 99.9 % 442:447 99.9 % 442:447 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (86±2 %) indicated that strains S9T and S12 were members of a single species. 27118186 13 56 from members 1541:1547 arg1 differentiation 1487:1501 a clear differentiation 1479:1501 a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp 1479:1728 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 13 57 theme clear 1481:1485 arg1 differentiation 1487:1501 a clear differentiation 1479:1501 a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp 1479:1728 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 6 58 theme luteus 818:823 arg1 JC167T 825:830 Bacillus luteus JC167T 809:830 Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %) 809:839 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) and Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %). 27118186 6 58 theme luteus 818:823 arg1 % 838:838 96.1 % 833:838 96.1 % 833:838 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) and Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %). 27118186 13 59 theme genus 1631:1635 arg1 member 1615:1620 a novel member 1607:1620 a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp 1607:1728 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 6 60 theme % 738:738 arg1 similarity 749:758 96.8 % sequence similarity 733:758 96.8 % sequence similarity 733:758 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) and Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %). 27118186 6 60 theme % 738:738 arg1 PN-105T 724:730 Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T 701:730 Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity) 701:759 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) and Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %). 27118186 13 61 theme biochemical 1453:1463 arg1 tests 1465:1469 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1420:1469 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1420:1469 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 5 62 theme DNA-DNA 454:460 arg1 relatedness 462:472 DNA-DNA relatedness 454:472 DNA-DNA relatedness (86±2 %) 454:481 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (86±2 %) indicated that strains S9T and S12 were members of a single species. 27118186 5 62 theme DNA-DNA 454:460 arg1 % 480:480 86±2 % 475:480 86±2 % 475:480 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (86±2 %) indicated that strains S9T and S12 were members of a single species. 27118186 4 63 dep Gram-stain-positive 272:290 arg1 S9T 259:261 S9T 259:261 S9T 259:261 Two novel (S9T and S12) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile and endospore forming bacteria were isolated from Narayan Sarovar lake, in India. 27118186 4 63 dep Gram-stain-positive 272:290 arg1 S12 267:269 S12 267:269 S12 267:269 Two novel (S9T and S12) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile and endospore forming bacteria were isolated from Narayan Sarovar lake, in India. 27118186 6 64 dep Bacillus 762:769 arg1 neizhouensis 771:782 neizhouensis 771:782 neizhouensis 771:782 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) and Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %). 27118186 15 65 theme type 1753:1756 arg1 S9T 1768:1770 S9T 1768:1770 S9T (=KCTC 33633T=LMG 28644T) 1768:1796 The type strain is S9T (=KCTC 33633T=LMG 28644T). 27118186 15 65 theme type 1753:1756 arg1 strain 1758:1763 The type strain 1749:1763 The type strain 1749:1763 The type strain is S9T (=KCTC 33633T=LMG 28644T). 27118186 13 66 theme phylogenetic 1420:1431 arg1 tests 1465:1469 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1420:1469 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1420:1469 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 13 67 dep strains 1579:1585 arg1 represent 1597:1605 represent 1597:1605 strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp 1579:1728 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 13 68 theme chemotaxonomic 1434:1447 arg1 tests 1465:1469 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1420:1469 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1420:1469 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 10 69 theme unknown 1193:1199 arg1 phospholipid 1201:1212 one unknown phospholipid 1189:1212 one unknown phospholipid 1189:1212 Polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown phospholipid and an unknown lipid. 27118186 7 70 theme sequence 898:905 arg1 similarity 907:916 only 90.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 872:916 only 90.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp 872:945 However, these strains shared only 90.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 27118186 1 71 theme agaradhaerens 151:163 arg1 comb 165:168 Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens comb 132:168 Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens comb 132:168 nov. a novel alkali tolerant bacterium, reclassification of Bacillus agaradhaerens as Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens comb. 27118186 5 72 theme high 402:405 arg1 similarity 430:439 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 398:439 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) 398:448 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (86±2 %) indicated that strains S9T and S12 were members of a single species. 27118186 5 72 theme high 402:405 arg1 % 447:447 99.9 % 442:447 99.9 % 442:447 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (86±2 %) indicated that strains S9T and S12 were members of a single species. 27118186 12 73 theme fatty 1287:1291 arg1 acids 1293:1297 Major fatty acids 1281:1297 Major fatty acids (>5 %) 1281:1304 Major fatty acids (>5 %) included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3. 27118186 12 73 theme fatty 1287:1291 arg1 % 1303:1303 >5 % 1300:1303 >5 % 1300:1303 Major fatty acids (>5 %) included anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3. 27118186 10 74 theme unknown 1221:1227 arg1 lipid 1229:1233 an unknown lipid 1218:1233 an unknown lipid 1218:1233 Polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown phospholipid and an unknown lipid. 27118186 7 75 theme rRNA 888:891 arg1 similarity 907:916 only 90.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 872:916 only 90.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp 872:945 However, these strains shared only 90.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 27118186 7 76 with similarity 907:916 arg1 subsp 941:945 Bacillus subtilis subsp 923:945 Bacillus subtilis subsp 923:945 However, these strains shared only 90.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 27118186 11 77 theme predominant 1240:1250 arg1 quinone 1263:1269 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1236:1269 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1236:1269 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 27118186 11 77 theme predominant 1240:1250 arg1 MK-7 1275:1278 MK-7 1275:1278 MK-7 1275:1278 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 27118186 16 78 theme Salipaludibacillus 1929:1946 arg1 comb 1962:1965 Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens comb 1929:1965 Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens comb 1929:1965 Based on the present study, it is also proposed to transfer Bacillus agaradhaerens and Bacillus neizhouensis to this new genus as Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens comb. 27118186 6 79 theme gene 574:577 arg1 analysis 588:595 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 561:595 the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 561:595 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) and Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %). 27118186 8 80 theme DSM 957:959 arg1 10T 961:963 subtilis DSM 10T 948:963 subtilis DSM 10T 948:963 subtilis DSM 10T, indicating that they might not be members of the genus Bacillus. 27118186 13 81 theme novel 1609:1613 arg1 member 1615:1620 a novel member 1607:1620 a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp 1607:1728 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 7 82 dep similarity 907:916 arg1 % 882:882 % 882:882 % 882:882 However, these strains shared only 90.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 27118186 1 83 theme alkali 59:64 arg1 reclassification 86:101 reclassification 86:101 reclassification of Bacillus agaradhaerens 86:127 nov. a novel alkali tolerant bacterium, reclassification of Bacillus agaradhaerens as Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens comb. 27118186 1 83 theme alkali 59:64 arg1 bacterium 75:83 a novel alkali tolerant bacterium 51:83 a novel alkali tolerant bacterium 51:83 nov. a novel alkali tolerant bacterium, reclassification of Bacillus agaradhaerens as Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens comb. 27118186 4 84 theme shaped 297:302 arg1 bacteria 338:345 Two novel (S9T and S12) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile and endospore forming bacteria 248:345 Two novel (S9T and S12) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile and endospore forming bacteria 248:345 Two novel (S9T and S12) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile and endospore forming bacteria were isolated from Narayan Sarovar lake, in India. 27118186 17 85 dep comb 2009:2012 arg1 Salipaludibacillus 1977:1994 Salipaludibacillus 1977:1994 Salipaludibacillus 1977:1994 nov. and Salipaludibacillus neizhouensis comb. 27118186 17 85 dep comb 2009:2012 arg1 nov. 1968:1971 nov. 1968:1971 nov. 1968:1971 nov. and Salipaludibacillus neizhouensis comb. 27118186 13 86 theme family 1556:1561 arg1 Bacillaceae.The 1563:1577 the family Bacillaceae.The 1552:1577 the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp 1552:1728 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 6 87 theme class 648:652 arg1 Firmibacteria 654:666 the class Firmibacteria 644:666 the class Firmibacteria 644:666 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) and Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %). 27118186 0 88 theme aurantiacus 19:29 arg1 nov. 36:39 Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov. 0:39 Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov. 0:39 Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 5 89 theme single 536:541 arg1 species 543:549 a single species 534:549 a single species 534:549 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (86±2 %) indicated that strains S9T and S12 were members of a single species. 27118186 4 90 theme non-motile 305:314 arg1 bacteria 338:345 Two novel (S9T and S12) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile and endospore forming bacteria 248:345 Two novel (S9T and S12) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile and endospore forming bacteria 248:345 Two novel (S9T and S12) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile and endospore forming bacteria were isolated from Narayan Sarovar lake, in India. 27118186 13 91 theme gen. 1716:1719 arg1 nov. 1721:1724 Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov. 1685:1724 the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov. 1676:1724 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 13 92 theme other 1535:1539 arg1 members 1541:1547 all other members 1531:1547 all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp 1531:1728 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 17 93 theme neizhouensis 1996:2007 arg1 comb 2009:2012 neizhouensis comb 1996:2012 neizhouensis comb 1996:2012 nov. and Salipaludibacillus neizhouensis comb. 27118186 0 94 dep sp 42:43 arg1 nov. 36:39 Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov. 0:39 Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov. 0:39 Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 6 95 theme Bacillus 701:708 arg1 similarity 749:758 96.8 % sequence similarity 733:758 96.8 % sequence similarity 733:758 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) and Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %). 27118186 6 95 theme Bacillus 701:708 arg1 PN-105T 724:730 Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T 701:730 Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity) 701:759 Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus agaradhaerens PN-105T (96.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus neizhouensis JSM 071004T (96.5 %) and Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.1 %). 27118186 8 96 theme genus 1015:1019 arg1 members 1000:1006 members 1000:1006 members of the genus Bacillus 1000:1028 subtilis DSM 10T, indicating that they might not be members of the genus Bacillus. 27118186 2 97 theme neizhouensis 224:235 arg1 comb 237:240 Salipaludibacillus neizhouensis comb 205:240 Salipaludibacillus neizhouensis comb 205:240 nov. and Bacillus neizhouensis as Salipaludibacillus neizhouensis comb. 27118186 7 98 dep Bacillus 923:930 arg1 subtilis 932:939 subtilis 932:939 subtilis 932:939 However, these strains shared only 90.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. 27118186 16 99 theme present 1812:1818 arg1 study 1820:1824 the present study 1808:1824 the present study 1808:1824 Based on the present study, it is also proposed to transfer Bacillus agaradhaerens and Bacillus neizhouensis to this new genus as Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens comb. 27118186 13 100 dep sp 1727:1728 arg1 name 1680:1683 the name 1676:1683 the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov. 1676:1724 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains S9T and S12 from all other members of the family Bacillaceae.The strains therefore represent a novel member of a new genus from the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Salipaludibacillus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. 27118186 9 101 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1069:1087 arg1 acid 1089:1092 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1069:1092 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1069:1092 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27118186 5 102 theme rRNA 411:414 arg1 similarity 430:439 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 398:439 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) 398:448 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (86±2 %) indicated that strains S9T and S12 were members of a single species. 27118186 5 102 theme rRNA 411:414 arg1 % 447:447 99.9 % 442:447 99.9 % 442:447 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (86±2 %) indicated that strains S9T and S12 were members of a single species. 25404484 12 0 theme 16S 1066:1068 arg1 similarity 1089:1098 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1066:1098 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1066:1098 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain PSPT56(T) was most closely related to Corynebacterium testudinoris M935/96/4(T) and Corynebacterium felinum M714/95/5(T) with 98.69 % and 97.01 % similarity, respectively. 25404484 12 1 theme % 1263:1263 arg1 similarity 1265:1274 97.01 % similarity 1257:1274 97.01 % similarity 1257:1274 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain PSPT56(T) was most closely related to Corynebacterium testudinoris M935/96/4(T) and Corynebacterium felinum M714/95/5(T) with 98.69 % and 97.01 % similarity, respectively. 25404484 3 2 theme % 402:402 arg1 NaCl 410:413 1-2 % (w/v) NaCl 398:413 1-2 % (w/v) NaCl 398:413 Optimal growth of strain PSPT56(T) was ascertained to occur at 30 °C, pH 8.0 and in the presence of 1-2 % (w/v) NaCl. 25404484 12 3 theme 97.01 1257:1261 arg1 % 1263:1263 % 1263:1263 % 1263:1263 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain PSPT56(T) was most closely related to Corynebacterium testudinoris M935/96/4(T) and Corynebacterium felinum M714/95/5(T) with 98.69 % and 97.01 % similarity, respectively. 25404484 15 4 theme Corynebacterium 1615:1629 arg1 atrinae 1631:1637 the name Corynebacterium atrinae 1606:1637 the name Corynebacterium atrinae 1606:1637 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain PSPT56(T) represents a novel species within the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium atrinae is proposed. 25404484 5 5 theme fatty 490:494 arg1 acids 496:500 The major cellular fatty acids 471:500 The major cellular fatty acids 471:500 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 25404484 5 5 theme fatty 490:494 arg1 C18 507:509 C18 507:509 C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 507:549 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 25404484 12 6 theme sequence 1080:1087 arg1 similarity 1089:1098 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1066:1098 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1066:1098 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain PSPT56(T) was most closely related to Corynebacterium testudinoris M935/96/4(T) and Corynebacterium felinum M714/95/5(T) with 98.69 % and 97.01 % similarity, respectively. 25404484 14 7 theme genomic 1424:1430 arg1 DNA 1432:1434 genomic DNA 1424:1434 genomic DNA 1424:1434 The G+C content of genomic DNA was 67.6 mol%. 25404484 12 8 theme Corynebacterium 1157:1171 arg1 M935/96/4 1186:1194 Corynebacterium testudinoris M935/96/4 1157:1194 Corynebacterium testudinoris M935/96/4(T) 1157:1197 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain PSPT56(T) was most closely related to Corynebacterium testudinoris M935/96/4(T) and Corynebacterium felinum M714/95/5(T) with 98.69 % and 97.01 % similarity, respectively. 25404484 12 8 theme Corynebacterium 1157:1171 arg1 T 1196:1196 T 1196:1196 T 1196:1196 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain PSPT56(T) was most closely related to Corynebacterium testudinoris M935/96/4(T) and Corynebacterium felinum M714/95/5(T) with 98.69 % and 97.01 % similarity, respectively. 25404484 8 9 theme meso-diaminopimelic 696:714 arg1 acid 716:719 meso-diaminopimelic acid 696:719 meso-diaminopimelic acid 696:719 Peptidoglycan amino acids were meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and glutamic acid. 25404484 3 10 theme strain 316:321 arg1 T 330:330 T 330:330 T 330:330 Optimal growth of strain PSPT56(T) was ascertained to occur at 30 °C, pH 8.0 and in the presence of 1-2 % (w/v) NaCl. 25404484 3 10 theme strain 316:321 arg1 PSPT56 323:328 strain PSPT56 316:328 strain PSPT56(T) 316:331 Optimal growth of strain PSPT56(T) was ascertained to occur at 30 °C, pH 8.0 and in the presence of 1-2 % (w/v) NaCl. 25404484 2 11 theme non-motile 138:147 arg1 bacterium 189:197 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium 109:197 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium 109:197 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain PSPT56(T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata). 25404484 2 11 theme non-motile 138:147 arg1 PSPT56 207:212 strain PSPT56 200:212 strain PSPT56(T) 200:215 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain PSPT56(T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata). 25404484 14 12 theme mol 1445:1447 arg1 content 1413:1419 The G+C content 1405:1419 The G+C content of genomic DNA 1405:1434 The G+C content of genomic DNA was 67.6 mol%. 25404484 14 12 theme mol 1445:1447 arg1 % 1448:1448 67.6 mol% 1440:1448 67.6 mol% 1440:1448 The G+C content of genomic DNA was 67.6 mol%. 25404484 1 13 theme gastrointestinal 52:67 arg1 tract 69:73 the gastrointestinal tract 48:73 the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell 48:88 nov., isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell, Atrina pectinata. 25404484 6 14 theme Tuberculostearic 552:567 arg1 acid 569:572 Tuberculostearic acid 552:572 Tuberculostearic acid 552:572 Tuberculostearic acid was not present. 25404484 1 15 attach isolated 34:41 arg1 tract 69:73 the gastrointestinal tract 48:73 the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell 48:88 nov., isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell, Atrina pectinata. 25404484 1 15 attach isolated 34:41 arg2 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell, Atrina pectinata. 25404484 3 16 theme Optimal 298:304 arg1 growth 306:311 Optimal growth 298:311 Optimal growth of strain PSPT56(T) 298:331 Optimal growth of strain PSPT56(T) was ascertained to occur at 30 °C, pH 8.0 and in the presence of 1-2 % (w/v) NaCl. 25404484 2 17 theme gastrointestinal 240:255 arg1 tract 257:261 the gastrointestinal tract 236:261 the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata) 236:295 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain PSPT56(T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata). 25404484 11 18 theme wall 1027:1030 arg1 components 1004:1013 constitutive components 991:1013 constitutive components of the cell wall 991:1030 Mycolic acids were detected as constitutive components of the cell wall. 25404484 11 18 theme wall 1027:1030 arg1 acids 968:972 Mycolic acids 960:972 Mycolic acids 960:972 Mycolic acids were detected as constitutive components of the cell wall. 25404484 2 19 theme Gram-stain-positive 117:135 arg1 bacterium 189:197 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium 109:197 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium 109:197 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain PSPT56(T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata). 25404484 2 19 theme Gram-stain-positive 117:135 arg1 PSPT56 207:212 strain PSPT56 200:212 strain PSPT56(T) 200:215 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain PSPT56(T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata). 25404484 15 20 theme strain 1518:1523 arg1 T 1532:1532 T 1532:1532 T 1532:1532 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain PSPT56(T) represents a novel species within the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium atrinae is proposed. 25404484 15 20 theme strain 1518:1523 arg1 PSPT56 1525:1530 strain PSPT56 1518:1530 strain PSPT56(T) 1518:1533 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain PSPT56(T) represents a novel species within the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium atrinae is proposed. 25404484 1 21 dep pectinata 98:106 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell, Atrina pectinata. 25404484 8 22 theme glutamic 734:741 arg1 acid 743:746 glutamic acid 734:746 glutamic acid 734:746 Peptidoglycan amino acids were meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and glutamic acid. 25404484 12 23 theme phylogenetic 1035:1046 arg1 analysis 1048:1055 A phylogenetic analysis 1033:1055 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1033:1098 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain PSPT56(T) was most closely related to Corynebacterium testudinoris M935/96/4(T) and Corynebacterium felinum M714/95/5(T) with 98.69 % and 97.01 % similarity, respectively. 25404484 0 24 theme atrinae 16:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Corynebacterium atrinae sp 0:25 Corynebacterium atrinae sp. 0:26 Corynebacterium atrinae sp. 25404484 2 25 theme novel 111:115 arg1 bacterium 189:197 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium 109:197 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium 109:197 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain PSPT56(T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata). 25404484 2 25 theme novel 111:115 arg1 PSPT56 207:212 strain PSPT56 200:212 strain PSPT56(T) 200:215 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain PSPT56(T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata). 25404484 3 26 dep % 402:402 arg1 w/v 405:407 w/v 405:407 w/v 405:407 Optimal growth of strain PSPT56(T) was ascertained to occur at 30 °C, pH 8.0 and in the presence of 1-2 % (w/v) NaCl. 25404484 12 27 theme strain 1112:1117 arg1 T 1126:1126 T 1126:1126 T 1126:1126 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain PSPT56(T) was most closely related to Corynebacterium testudinoris M935/96/4(T) and Corynebacterium felinum M714/95/5(T) with 98.69 % and 97.01 % similarity, respectively. 25404484 12 27 theme strain 1112:1117 arg1 PSPT56 1119:1124 strain PSPT56 1112:1124 strain PSPT56(T) 1112:1127 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain PSPT56(T) was most closely related to Corynebacterium testudinoris M935/96/4(T) and Corynebacterium felinum M714/95/5(T) with 98.69 % and 97.01 % similarity, respectively. 25404484 16 28 theme KACC 1685:1688 arg1 19266 1705:1709  = KACC 17525(T) = JCM 19266 1682:1709  = KACC 17525(T) = JCM 19266(T) 1682:1712 The type strain is PSPT56(T) ( = KACC 17525(T) = JCM 19266(T)). 25404484 16 28 theme KACC 1685:1688 arg1 T 1711:1711 T 1711:1711 T 1711:1711 The type strain is PSPT56(T) ( = KACC 17525(T) = JCM 19266(T)). 25404484 0 29 theme Corynebacterium 0:14 arg1 sp 24:25 Corynebacterium atrinae sp 0:25 Corynebacterium atrinae sp. 0:26 Corynebacterium atrinae sp. 25404484 15 30 theme phenotypic 1455:1464 arg1 analyses 1494:1501 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses 1451:1501 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses 1451:1501 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain PSPT56(T) represents a novel species within the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium atrinae is proposed. 25404484 5 31 theme major 475:479 arg1 acids 496:500 The major cellular fatty acids 471:500 The major cellular fatty acids 471:500 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 25404484 5 31 theme major 475:479 arg1 C18 507:509 C18 507:509 C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 507:549 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 25404484 1 32 theme pen 80:82 arg1 shell 84:88 a pen shell 78:88 a pen shell 78:88 nov., isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell, Atrina pectinata. 25404484 12 33 dep Corynebacterium 1157:1171 arg1 testudinoris 1173:1184 testudinoris 1173:1184 testudinoris 1173:1184 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain PSPT56(T) was most closely related to Corynebacterium testudinoris M935/96/4(T) and Corynebacterium felinum M714/95/5(T) with 98.69 % and 97.01 % similarity, respectively. 25404484 3 34 theme PSPT56 323:328 arg1 growth 306:311 Optimal growth 298:311 Optimal growth of strain PSPT56(T) 298:331 Optimal growth of strain PSPT56(T) was ascertained to occur at 30 °C, pH 8.0 and in the presence of 1-2 % (w/v) NaCl. 25404484 5 35 theme cellular 481:488 arg1 acids 496:500 The major cellular fatty acids 471:500 The major cellular fatty acids 471:500 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 25404484 5 35 theme cellular 481:488 arg1 C18 507:509 C18 507:509 C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 507:549 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 25404484 2 36 theme pen 268:270 arg1 shell 272:276 a pen shell 266:276 a pen shell (Atrina pectinata) 266:295 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain PSPT56(T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata). 25404484 2 36 theme pen 268:270 arg1 pectinata 286:294 Atrina pectinata 279:294 Atrina pectinata 279:294 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain PSPT56(T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata). 25404484 14 37 theme G+C 1409:1411 arg1 content 1413:1419 The G+C content 1405:1419 The G+C content of genomic DNA 1405:1434 The G+C content of genomic DNA was 67.6 mol%. 25404484 14 37 theme G+C 1409:1411 arg1 % 1448:1448 67.6 mol% 1440:1448 67.6 mol% 1440:1448 The G+C content of genomic DNA was 67.6 mol%. 25404484 11 38 theme Mycolic 960:966 arg1 components 1004:1013 constitutive components 991:1013 constitutive components of the cell wall 991:1030 Mycolic acids were detected as constitutive components of the cell wall. 25404484 11 38 theme Mycolic 960:966 arg1 acids 968:972 Mycolic acids 960:972 Mycolic acids 960:972 Mycolic acids were detected as constitutive components of the cell wall. 25404484 2 39 theme shell 272:276 arg1 tract 257:261 the gastrointestinal tract 236:261 the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata) 236:295 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain PSPT56(T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata). 25404484 16 40 theme JCM 1701:1703 arg1 19266 1705:1709  = KACC 17525(T) = JCM 19266 1682:1709  = KACC 17525(T) = JCM 19266(T) 1682:1712 The type strain is PSPT56(T) ( = KACC 17525(T) = JCM 19266(T)). 25404484 16 40 theme JCM 1701:1703 arg1 T 1711:1711 T 1711:1711 T 1711:1711 The type strain is PSPT56(T) ( = KACC 17525(T) = JCM 19266(T)). 25404484 3 41 theme NaCl 410:413 arg1 presence 386:393 the presence 382:393 the presence of 1-2 % (w/v) NaCl 382:413 Optimal growth of strain PSPT56(T) was ascertained to occur at 30 °C, pH 8.0 and in the presence of 1-2 % (w/v) NaCl. 25404484 10 42 theme unidentified 874:885 arg1 lipids 918:923 two unidentified lipids 901:923 two unidentified lipids 901:923 Strain PSPT56(T) contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified lipids and two unidentified amino-lipids. 25404484 10 42 theme unidentified 874:885 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 825:844 phosphatidylglycerol 825:844 phosphatidylglycerol 825:844 Strain PSPT56(T) contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified lipids and two unidentified amino-lipids. 25404484 10 42 theme unidentified 874:885 arg1 amino-lipids 946:957 two unidentified amino-lipids 929:957 two unidentified amino-lipids 929:957 Strain PSPT56(T) contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified lipids and two unidentified amino-lipids. 25404484 10 42 theme unidentified 874:885 arg1 phospholipid 887:898 an unidentified phospholipid 871:898 an unidentified phospholipid 871:898 Strain PSPT56(T) contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified lipids and two unidentified amino-lipids. 25404484 15 43 theme novel 1548:1552 arg1 species 1554:1560 a novel species 1546:1560 a novel species 1546:1560 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain PSPT56(T) represents a novel species within the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium atrinae is proposed. 25404484 2 44 theme anaerobic 164:172 arg1 bacterium 189:197 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium 109:197 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium 109:197 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain PSPT56(T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata). 25404484 2 44 theme anaerobic 164:172 arg1 PSPT56 207:212 strain PSPT56 200:212 strain PSPT56(T) 200:215 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain PSPT56(T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata). 25404484 13 45 dep % 1350:1350 arg1 29.9 1345:1348 29.9 1345:1348 29.9 1345:1348 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments indicated less than 29.9 % relatedness to the phylogenetically closest species. 25404484 8 46 theme Peptidoglycan 665:677 arg1 acids 685:689 Peptidoglycan amino acids 665:689 Peptidoglycan amino acids 665:689 Peptidoglycan amino acids were meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and glutamic acid. 25404484 10 47 contain contained 815:823 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 847:868 diphosphatidylglycerol 847:868 diphosphatidylglycerol 847:868 Strain PSPT56(T) contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified lipids and two unidentified amino-lipids. 25404484 10 47 contain contained 815:823 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 825:844 phosphatidylglycerol 825:844 phosphatidylglycerol 825:844 Strain PSPT56(T) contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified lipids and two unidentified amino-lipids. 25404484 10 47 contain contained 815:823 arg1 T 812:812 T 812:812 T 812:812 Strain PSPT56(T) contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified lipids and two unidentified amino-lipids. 25404484 10 47 contain contained 815:823 arg1 PSPT56 805:810 Strain PSPT56 798:810 Strain PSPT56(T) 798:813 Strain PSPT56(T) contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified lipids and two unidentified amino-lipids. 25404484 10 47 contain contained 815:823 arg2 phospholipid 887:898 an unidentified phospholipid 871:898 an unidentified phospholipid 871:898 Strain PSPT56(T) contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified lipids and two unidentified amino-lipids. 25404484 16 48 theme type 1656:1659 arg1 PSPT56 1671:1676 PSPT56 1671:1676 PSPT56 1671:1676 The type strain is PSPT56(T) ( = KACC 17525(T) = JCM 19266(T)). 25404484 16 48 theme type 1656:1659 arg1 strain 1661:1666 The type strain 1652:1666 The type strain 1652:1666 The type strain is PSPT56(T) ( = KACC 17525(T) = JCM 19266(T)). 25404484 11 49 theme constitutive 991:1002 arg1 components 1004:1013 constitutive components 991:1013 constitutive components of the cell wall 991:1030 Mycolic acids were detected as constitutive components of the cell wall. 25404484 11 49 theme constitutive 991:1002 arg1 acids 968:972 Mycolic acids 960:972 Mycolic acids 960:972 Mycolic acids were detected as constitutive components of the cell wall. 25404484 15 50 theme genotypic 1484:1492 arg1 analyses 1494:1501 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses 1451:1501 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses 1451:1501 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain PSPT56(T) represents a novel species within the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium atrinae is proposed. 25404484 16 51 theme T 1696:1696 arg1 19266 1705:1709  = KACC 17525(T) = JCM 19266 1682:1709  = KACC 17525(T) = JCM 19266(T) 1682:1712 The type strain is PSPT56(T) ( = KACC 17525(T) = JCM 19266(T)). 25404484 16 51 theme T 1696:1696 arg1 T 1711:1711 T 1711:1711 T 1711:1711 The type strain is PSPT56(T) ( = KACC 17525(T) = JCM 19266(T)). 25404484 15 52 theme genus 1573:1577 arg1 Corynebacterium 1579:1593 the genus Corynebacterium 1569:1593 the genus Corynebacterium 1569:1593 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain PSPT56(T) represents a novel species within the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium atrinae is proposed. 25404484 15 53 theme name 1610:1613 arg1 atrinae 1631:1637 the name Corynebacterium atrinae 1606:1637 the name Corynebacterium atrinae 1606:1637 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain PSPT56(T) represents a novel species within the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium atrinae is proposed. 25404484 13 54 theme DNA-DNA 1291:1297 arg1 experiments 1313:1323 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1291:1323 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1291:1323 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments indicated less than 29.9 % relatedness to the phylogenetically closest species. 25404484 12 55 theme Corynebacterium 1203:1217 arg1 T 1237:1237 T 1237:1237 T 1237:1237 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain PSPT56(T) was most closely related to Corynebacterium testudinoris M935/96/4(T) and Corynebacterium felinum M714/95/5(T) with 98.69 % and 97.01 % similarity, respectively. 25404484 12 55 theme Corynebacterium 1203:1217 arg1 M714/95/5 1227:1235 Corynebacterium felinum M714/95/5 1203:1235 Corynebacterium felinum M714/95/5(T) 1203:1238 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain PSPT56(T) was most closely related to Corynebacterium testudinoris M935/96/4(T) and Corynebacterium felinum M714/95/5(T) with 98.69 % and 97.01 % similarity, respectively. 25404484 12 56 with related 1146:1152 arg1 similarity 1265:1274 97.01 % similarity 1257:1274 97.01 % similarity 1257:1274 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain PSPT56(T) was most closely related to Corynebacterium testudinoris M935/96/4(T) and Corynebacterium felinum M714/95/5(T) with 98.69 % and 97.01 % similarity, respectively. 25404484 12 56 with related 1146:1152 arg1 % 1251:1251 98.69 % 1245:1251 98.69 % 1245:1251 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain PSPT56(T) was most closely related to Corynebacterium testudinoris M935/96/4(T) and Corynebacterium felinum M714/95/5(T) with 98.69 % and 97.01 % similarity, respectively. 25404484 16 57 theme  = 1698:1699 arg1 19266 1705:1709  = KACC 17525(T) = JCM 19266 1682:1709  = KACC 17525(T) = JCM 19266(T) 1682:1712 The type strain is PSPT56(T) ( = KACC 17525(T) = JCM 19266(T)). 25404484 16 57 theme  = 1698:1699 arg1 T 1711:1711 T 1711:1711 T 1711:1711 The type strain is PSPT56(T) ( = KACC 17525(T) = JCM 19266(T)). 25404484 13 58 theme hybridization 1299:1311 arg1 experiments 1313:1323 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1291:1323 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1291:1323 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments indicated less than 29.9 % relatedness to the phylogenetically closest species. 25404484 2 59 theme strain 200:205 arg1 T 214:214 T 214:214 T 214:214 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain PSPT56(T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata). 25404484 2 59 theme strain 200:205 arg1 bacterium 189:197 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium 109:197 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium 109:197 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain PSPT56(T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata). 25404484 2 59 theme strain 200:205 arg1 PSPT56 207:212 strain PSPT56 200:212 strain PSPT56(T) 200:215 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain PSPT56(T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata). 25404484 10 60 theme Strain 798:803 arg1 T 812:812 T 812:812 T 812:812 Strain PSPT56(T) contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified lipids and two unidentified amino-lipids. 25404484 10 60 theme Strain 798:803 arg1 PSPT56 805:810 Strain PSPT56 798:810 Strain PSPT56(T) 798:813 Strain PSPT56(T) contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified lipids and two unidentified amino-lipids. 25404484 15 61 theme phylogenetic 1467:1478 arg1 analyses 1494:1501 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses 1451:1501 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses 1451:1501 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain PSPT56(T) represents a novel species within the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium atrinae is proposed. 25404484 3 62 theme 1-2 398:400 arg1 % 402:402 % 402:402 % 402:402 Optimal growth of strain PSPT56(T) was ascertained to occur at 30 °C, pH 8.0 and in the presence of 1-2 % (w/v) NaCl. 25404484 12 63 theme rRNA 1070:1073 arg1 similarity 1089:1098 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1066:1098 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1066:1098 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain PSPT56(T) was most closely related to Corynebacterium testudinoris M935/96/4(T) and Corynebacterium felinum M714/95/5(T) with 98.69 % and 97.01 % similarity, respectively. 25404484 13 64 dep relatedness 1352:1362 arg1 % 1350:1350 % 1350:1350 % 1350:1350 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments indicated less than 29.9 % relatedness to the phylogenetically closest species. 25404484 16 65 dep PSPT56 1671:1676 arg1 19266 1705:1709  = KACC 17525(T) = JCM 19266 1682:1709  = KACC 17525(T) = JCM 19266(T) 1682:1712 The type strain is PSPT56(T) ( = KACC 17525(T) = JCM 19266(T)). 25404484 16 65 dep PSPT56 1671:1676 arg1 T 1711:1711 T 1711:1711 T 1711:1711 The type strain is PSPT56(T) ( = KACC 17525(T) = JCM 19266(T)). 25404484 1 66 theme shell 84:88 arg1 tract 69:73 the gastrointestinal tract 48:73 the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell 48:88 nov., isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell, Atrina pectinata. 25404484 2 67 attach isolated 222:229 arg1 tract 257:261 the gastrointestinal tract 236:261 the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata) 236:295 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain PSPT56(T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata). 25404484 2 67 attach isolated 222:229 arg2 PSPT56 207:212 strain PSPT56 200:212 strain PSPT56(T) 200:215 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain PSPT56(T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata). 25404484 2 67 attach isolated 222:229 arg2 bacterium 189:197 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium 109:197 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium 109:197 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain PSPT56(T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata). 25404484 9 68 theme predominant 753:763 arg1 MK-8 788:791 MK-8 788:791 MK-8 788:791 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H2). 25404484 9 68 theme predominant 753:763 arg1 quinone 776:782 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 749:782 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 749:782 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H2). 25404484 11 69 theme cell 1022:1025 arg1 wall 1027:1030 the cell wall 1018:1030 the cell wall 1018:1030 Mycolic acids were detected as constitutive components of the cell wall. 25404484 14 70 theme DNA 1432:1434 arg1 content 1413:1419 The G+C content 1405:1419 The G+C content of genomic DNA 1405:1434 The G+C content of genomic DNA was 67.6 mol%. 25404484 14 70 theme DNA 1432:1434 arg1 % 1448:1448 67.6 mol% 1440:1448 67.6 mol% 1440:1448 The G+C content of genomic DNA was 67.6 mol%. 25404484 2 71 theme Atrina 279:284 arg1 shell 272:276 a pen shell 266:276 a pen shell (Atrina pectinata) 266:295 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain PSPT56(T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata). 25404484 2 71 theme Atrina 279:284 arg1 pectinata 286:294 Atrina pectinata 279:294 Atrina pectinata 279:294 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain PSPT56(T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata). 25404484 8 72 theme amino 679:683 arg1 acids 685:689 Peptidoglycan amino acids 665:689 Peptidoglycan amino acids 665:689 Peptidoglycan amino acids were meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and glutamic acid. 25404484 7 73 theme cell-wall 601:609 arg1 ribose 623:628 ribose 623:628 ribose 623:628 The major cell-wall sugars were ribose, galactose, glucose and arabinose. 25404484 7 73 theme cell-wall 601:609 arg1 sugars 611:616 The major cell-wall sugars 591:616 The major cell-wall sugars 591:616 The major cell-wall sugars were ribose, galactose, glucose and arabinose. 25404484 9 74 theme isoprenoid 765:774 arg1 MK-8 788:791 MK-8 788:791 MK-8 788:791 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H2). 25404484 9 74 theme isoprenoid 765:774 arg1 quinone 776:782 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 749:782 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 749:782 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H2). 25404484 2 75 theme rod-shaped 178:187 arg1 bacterium 189:197 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium 109:197 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium 109:197 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain PSPT56(T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata). 25404484 2 75 theme rod-shaped 178:187 arg1 PSPT56 207:212 strain PSPT56 200:212 strain PSPT56(T) 200:215 A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain PSPT56(T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a pen shell (Atrina pectinata). 25404484 13 76 theme phylogenetically 1371:1386 arg1 species 1396:1402 the phylogenetically closest species 1367:1402 the phylogenetically closest species 1367:1402 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments indicated less than 29.9 % relatedness to the phylogenetically closest species. 25404484 12 77 dep Corynebacterium 1203:1217 arg1 felinum 1219:1225 felinum 1219:1225 felinum 1219:1225 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain PSPT56(T) was most closely related to Corynebacterium testudinoris M935/96/4(T) and Corynebacterium felinum M714/95/5(T) with 98.69 % and 97.01 % similarity, respectively. 25404484 12 78 theme gene 1075:1078 arg1 similarity 1089:1098 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1066:1098 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1066:1098 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain PSPT56(T) was most closely related to Corynebacterium testudinoris M935/96/4(T) and Corynebacterium felinum M714/95/5(T) with 98.69 % and 97.01 % similarity, respectively. 25404484 5 79 dep C18 507:509 arg1 0 549:549 0 549:549 0 549:549 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 25404484 5 79 dep C18 507:509 arg1 C16 519:521 C16 519:521 C16 519:521 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 25404484 5 79 dep C18 507:509 arg1 1ω8c 534:537 1ω8c 534:537 1ω8c 534:537 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 25404484 5 79 dep C18 507:509 arg1 C17 543:545 C17 543:545 C17 543:545 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 25404484 5 79 dep C18 507:509 arg1 0 525:525 0 525:525 0 525:525 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 25404484 5 79 dep C18 507:509 arg1 C17 528:530 C17 528:530 C17 528:530 The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. 25404484 10 80 theme unidentified 933:944 arg1 phospholipid 887:898 an unidentified phospholipid 871:898 an unidentified phospholipid 871:898 Strain PSPT56(T) contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified lipids and two unidentified amino-lipids. 25404484 10 80 theme unidentified 933:944 arg1 amino-lipids 946:957 two unidentified amino-lipids 929:957 two unidentified amino-lipids 929:957 Strain PSPT56(T) contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified lipids and two unidentified amino-lipids. 25404484 13 81 theme closest 1388:1394 arg1 species 1396:1402 the phylogenetically closest species 1367:1402 the phylogenetically closest species 1367:1402 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments indicated less than 29.9 % relatedness to the phylogenetically closest species. 25404484 10 82 theme unidentified 905:916 arg1 lipids 918:923 two unidentified lipids 901:923 two unidentified lipids 901:923 Strain PSPT56(T) contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified lipids and two unidentified amino-lipids. 25404484 10 82 theme unidentified 905:916 arg1 phospholipid 887:898 an unidentified phospholipid 871:898 an unidentified phospholipid 871:898 Strain PSPT56(T) contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified lipids and two unidentified amino-lipids. 25404484 7 83 theme major 595:599 arg1 ribose 623:628 ribose 623:628 ribose 623:628 The major cell-wall sugars were ribose, galactose, glucose and arabinose. 25404484 7 83 theme major 595:599 arg1 sugars 611:616 The major cell-wall sugars 591:616 The major cell-wall sugars 591:616 The major cell-wall sugars were ribose, galactose, glucose and arabinose. 28385055 6 0 theme Blue 1024:1027 arg1 Bromide 1041:1047 Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide 1014:1047 Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide 1014:1047 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 6 0 theme Blue 1024:1027 arg1 MTT 1009:1011 MTT 1009:1011 a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation) 1007:1107 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 8 1 theme % 1618:1618 arg1 concentration 1597:1609 a concentration 1595:1609 a concentration of 0.01% 1595:1618 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 3 2 theme Griseb. 536:542 arg1 twigs 478:482 twigs 478:482 twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb. 478:542 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 8 3 theme anti-inflammatory 1495:1511 arg1 activity 1513:1520 anti-inflammatory activity 1495:1520 anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) 1495:1540 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 8 3 theme anti-inflammatory 1495:1511 arg1 % 1539:1539 IC50 0.0008-0.02% 1523:1539 IC50 0.0008-0.02% 1523:1539 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 8 4 with reduction 1420:1428 arg1 % 1461:1461 up to 90% 1453:1461 up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1% 1453:1488 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 1 5 theme diseases 189:196 arg1 number 172:177 a number 170:177 a number of severe diseases 170:196 CONTEXT Inflammation and cell differentiation lead to a number of severe diseases. 28385055 6 6 theme oils 1074:1077 arg1 incubation 1097:1106 24 h incubation 1092:1106 24 h incubation 1092:1106 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 6 6 theme oils 1074:1077 arg1 concentration 1057:1069 concentration 1057:1069 concentration of oils 1057:1077 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 2 7 theme essential 296:304 arg1 oils 306:309 essential oils 296:309 essential oils (EOs) 296:315 In the recent years, various studies focused on the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of essential oils (EOs) of numerous plants, including different Pinus species. 28385055 2 7 theme essential 296:304 arg1 species 363:369 different Pinus species 347:369 different Pinus species 347:369 In the recent years, various studies focused on the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of essential oils (EOs) of numerous plants, including different Pinus species. 28385055 2 7 theme essential 296:304 arg1 EOs 312:314 EOs 312:314 EOs 312:314 In the recent years, various studies focused on the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of essential oils (EOs) of numerous plants, including different Pinus species. 28385055 8 8 from reduction 1420:1428 arg1 viability 1438:1446 cell viability 1433:1446 cell viability 1433:1446 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 2 9 theme various 220:226 arg1 studies 228:234 various studies 220:234 various studies 220:234 In the recent years, various studies focused on the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of essential oils (EOs) of numerous plants, including different Pinus species. 28385055 5 10 theme secreted 783:790 arg1 IL-6 792:795 secreted IL-6 783:795 secreted IL-6 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model 783:853 The amount of secreted IL-6 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model was quantified (concentration of oils: 0.0001-0.2%, 3 h incubation). 28385055 7 11 theme P. 1258:1259 arg1 peuce 1261:1265 P. peuce 1258:1265 P. peuce 1258:1265 RESULTS The most prominent members in the oils include: δ-3-carene, α-pinene and linalool-acetate (P. mugo); α-pinene, β-phellandrene and β-pinene (P. peuce); limonene, α-pinene and (E)-caryophyllene (P. heldreichii). 28385055 7 11 theme P. 1258:1259 arg1 α-pinene 1219:1226 α-pinene 1219:1226 α-pinene 1219:1226 RESULTS The most prominent members in the oils include: δ-3-carene, α-pinene and linalool-acetate (P. mugo); α-pinene, β-phellandrene and β-pinene (P. peuce); limonene, α-pinene and (E)-caryophyllene (P. heldreichii). 28385055 8 12 dep % 1409:1409 arg1 to 1402:1403 to 1402:1403 to 1402:1403 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 4 13 theme chromatography/flame 685:704 arg1 GC/FID 720:725 GC/FID 720:725 GC/FID 720:725 MATERIALS AND METHODS For separation and identification of the EOs, gas chromatography/flame ion detector (GC/FID) and GC/mass spectrometry were performed. 28385055 4 13 theme chromatography/flame 685:704 arg1 detector 710:717 gas chromatography/flame ion detector 681:717 gas chromatography/flame ion detector (GC/FID) 681:726 MATERIALS AND METHODS For separation and identification of the EOs, gas chromatography/flame ion detector (GC/FID) and GC/mass spectrometry were performed. 28385055 3 14 theme Turra 590:594 arg1 cones 573:577 cones 573:577 cones 573:577 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 3 14 theme Turra 590:594 arg1 twigs 563:567 twigs 563:567 twigs 563:567 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 3 14 theme Turra 590:594 arg1 needles 554:560 needles 554:560 needles 554:560 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 8 15 theme secretion 1567:1575 arg1 reduction 1549:1557 a reduction 1547:1557 a reduction of IL-6 secretion 1547:1575 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 7 16 dep -caryophyllene 1295:1308 arg1 heldreichii 1314:1324 P. heldreichii 1311:1324 P. heldreichii 1311:1324 RESULTS The most prominent members in the oils include: δ-3-carene, α-pinene and linalool-acetate (P. mugo); α-pinene, β-phellandrene and β-pinene (P. peuce); limonene, α-pinene and (E)-caryophyllene (P. heldreichii). 28385055 9 17 theme needles 1723:1729 arg1 EOs 1651:1653 The EOs 1647:1653 The EOs of needles and twigs from P. peuce and P. heldreichii as well as of needles 1647:1729 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The EOs of needles and twigs from P. peuce and P. heldreichii as well as of needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo can be considered as promising agents for anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. 28385055 3 18 from needles 554:560 arg1 activity 445:452 cytotoxic activity 435:452 cytotoxic activity 435:452 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 3 18 from needles 554:560 arg1 composition 400:410 The phytochemical composition 382:410 The phytochemical composition 382:410 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 3 18 from needles 554:560 arg1 EOs 457:459 EOs 457:459 EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra 457:594 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 8 19 dep 90 1459:1460 arg1 to 1456:1457 to 1456:1457 to 1456:1457 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 8 20 theme cytotoxic 1351:1359 arg1 effects 1361:1367 significant cytotoxic effects 1339:1367 significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, 1339:1489 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 8 21 from concentration 1597:1609 arg1 % 1590:1590 up to 60% 1582:1590 up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01% 1582:1618 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 0 22 theme oils 89:92 arg1 composition 14:24 Phytochemical composition 0:24 Phytochemical composition 0:24 Phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxic effects of essential oils from three Pinus spp. 28385055 0 22 theme oils 89:92 arg1 activity 45:52 anti-inflammatory activity 27:52 anti-inflammatory activity 27:52 Phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxic effects of essential oils from three Pinus spp. 28385055 0 22 theme oils 89:92 arg1 effects 68:74 cytotoxic effects 58:74 cytotoxic effects 58:74 Phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxic effects of essential oils from three Pinus spp. 28385055 8 23 theme significant 1339:1349 arg1 effects 1361:1367 significant cytotoxic effects 1339:1367 significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, 1339:1489 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 6 24 theme cancer 944:949 arg1 HeLa 962:965 HeLa 962:965 HeLa 962:965 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 6 24 theme cancer 944:949 arg1 MCF-7 979:983 MCF-7 979:983 MCF-7 979:983 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 6 24 theme cancer 944:949 arg1 lines 956:960 the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 940:983 the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 940:983 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 6 24 theme cancer 944:949 arg1 CaCo-2 968:973 CaCo-2 968:973 CaCo-2 968:973 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 8 25 from concentration 1468:1480 arg1 % 1461:1461 up to 90% 1453:1461 up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1% 1453:1488 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 5 26 from model 849:853 arg1 amount 773:778 The amount 769:778 The amount of secreted IL-6 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model 769:853 The amount of secreted IL-6 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model was quantified (concentration of oils: 0.0001-0.2%, 3 h incubation). 28385055 5 26 from model 849:853 arg1 IL-6 792:795 secreted IL-6 783:795 secreted IL-6 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model 783:853 The amount of secreted IL-6 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model was quantified (concentration of oils: 0.0001-0.2%, 3 h incubation). 28385055 1 27 theme cell 141:144 arg1 differentiation 146:160 cell differentiation 141:160 cell differentiation 141:160 CONTEXT Inflammation and cell differentiation lead to a number of severe diseases. 28385055 6 28 dep lines 956:960 arg1 HeLa 962:965 HeLa 962:965 HeLa 962:965 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 6 28 dep lines 956:960 arg1 MCF-7 979:983 MCF-7 979:983 MCF-7 979:983 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 6 28 dep lines 956:960 arg1 lines 956:960 the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 940:983 the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 940:983 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 6 28 dep lines 956:960 arg1 CaCo-2 968:973 CaCo-2 968:973 CaCo-2 968:973 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 9 29 theme P. 1751:1752 arg1 mugo 1754:1757 P. mugo 1751:1757 P. mugo 1751:1757 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The EOs of needles and twigs from P. peuce and P. heldreichii as well as of needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo can be considered as promising agents for anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. 28385055 5 30 dep concentration 871:883 arg1 % 904:904 0.0001-0.2% 894:904 0.0001-0.2% 894:904 The amount of secreted IL-6 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model was quantified (concentration of oils: 0.0001-0.2%, 3 h incubation). 28385055 5 30 dep concentration 871:883 arg1 incubation 911:920 3 h incubation 907:920 3 h incubation 907:920 The amount of secreted IL-6 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model was quantified (concentration of oils: 0.0001-0.2%, 3 h incubation). 28385055 5 31 from amount 773:778 arg1 model 849:853 a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model 800:853 a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model 800:853 The amount of secreted IL-6 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model was quantified (concentration of oils: 0.0001-0.2%, 3 h incubation). 28385055 9 32 dep EOs 1651:1653 arg1 DISCUSSION 1621:1630 DISCUSSION 1621:1630 DISCUSSION 1621:1630 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The EOs of needles and twigs from P. peuce and P. heldreichii as well as of needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo can be considered as promising agents for anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. 28385055 9 32 dep EOs 1651:1653 arg1 CONCLUSION 1636:1645 CONCLUSION 1636:1645 CONCLUSION 1636:1645 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The EOs of needles and twigs from P. peuce and P. heldreichii as well as of needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo can be considered as promising agents for anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. 28385055 6 33 theme MTT 1009:1011 arg1 assay 1050:1054 a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay 1007:1054 a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation) 1007:1107 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 3 34 theme OBJECTIVE 372:380 arg1 composition 400:410 The phytochemical composition 382:410 The phytochemical composition 382:410 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 0 35 from activity 45:52 arg1 Pinus 105:109 three Pinus 99:109 three Pinus 99:109 Phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxic effects of essential oils from three Pinus spp. 28385055 5 36 dep quantified 859:868 arg1 concentration 871:883 concentration 871:883 concentration of oils 871:891 The amount of secreted IL-6 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model was quantified (concentration of oils: 0.0001-0.2%, 3 h incubation). 28385055 0 37 theme Phytochemical 0:12 arg1 composition 14:24 Phytochemical composition 0:24 Phytochemical composition 0:24 Phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxic effects of essential oils from three Pinus spp. 28385055 9 38 theme promising 1780:1788 arg1 agents 1790:1795 promising agents 1780:1795 promising agents for anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs 1780:1838 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The EOs of needles and twigs from P. peuce and P. heldreichii as well as of needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo can be considered as promising agents for anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. 28385055 9 38 theme promising 1780:1788 arg1 cones 1742:1746 cones 1742:1746 cones 1742:1746 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The EOs of needles and twigs from P. peuce and P. heldreichii as well as of needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo can be considered as promising agents for anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. 28385055 9 38 theme promising 1780:1788 arg1 twigs 1732:1736 twigs 1732:1736 twigs 1732:1736 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The EOs of needles and twigs from P. peuce and P. heldreichii as well as of needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo can be considered as promising agents for anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. 28385055 3 39 from twigs 563:567 arg1 activity 445:452 cytotoxic activity 435:452 cytotoxic activity 435:452 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 3 39 from twigs 563:567 arg1 composition 400:410 The phytochemical composition 382:410 The phytochemical composition 382:410 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 3 39 from twigs 563:567 arg1 EOs 457:459 EOs 457:459 EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra 457:594 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 5 40 theme IL-6 792:795 arg1 amount 773:778 The amount 769:778 The amount of secreted IL-6 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model 769:853 The amount of secreted IL-6 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model was quantified (concentration of oils: 0.0001-0.2%, 3 h incubation). 28385055 5 40 theme IL-6 792:795 arg1 IL-6 792:795 secreted IL-6 783:795 secreted IL-6 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model 783:853 The amount of secreted IL-6 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model was quantified (concentration of oils: 0.0001-0.2%, 3 h incubation). 28385055 6 41 from Cytotoxicity 924:935 arg1 HeLa 962:965 HeLa 962:965 HeLa 962:965 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 6 41 from Cytotoxicity 924:935 arg1 MCF-7 979:983 MCF-7 979:983 MCF-7 979:983 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 6 41 from Cytotoxicity 924:935 arg1 lines 956:960 the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 940:983 the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 940:983 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 6 41 from Cytotoxicity 924:935 arg1 CaCo-2 968:973 CaCo-2 968:973 CaCo-2 968:973 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 8 42 with lines 1384:1388 arg1 reduction 1420:1428 a reduction 1418:1428 a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1% 1418:1488 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 3 43 from cones 573:577 arg1 activity 445:452 cytotoxic activity 435:452 cytotoxic activity 435:452 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 3 43 from cones 573:577 arg1 composition 400:410 The phytochemical composition 382:410 The phytochemical composition 382:410 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 3 43 from cones 573:577 arg1 EOs 457:459 EOs 457:459 EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra 457:594 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 3 44 theme EOs 457:459 arg1 activity 445:452 cytotoxic activity 435:452 cytotoxic activity 435:452 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 3 44 theme EOs 457:459 arg1 composition 400:410 The phytochemical composition 382:410 The phytochemical composition 382:410 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 3 45 theme phytochemical 386:398 arg1 composition 400:410 The phytochemical composition 382:410 The phytochemical composition 382:410 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 2 46 theme plants 329:334 arg1 oils 306:309 essential oils 296:309 essential oils (EOs) 296:315 In the recent years, various studies focused on the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of essential oils (EOs) of numerous plants, including different Pinus species. 28385055 2 46 theme plants 329:334 arg1 species 363:369 different Pinus species 347:369 different Pinus species 347:369 In the recent years, various studies focused on the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of essential oils (EOs) of numerous plants, including different Pinus species. 28385055 2 46 theme plants 329:334 arg1 EOs 312:314 EOs 312:314 EOs 312:314 In the recent years, various studies focused on the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of essential oils (EOs) of numerous plants, including different Pinus species. 28385055 0 47 theme cytotoxic 58:66 arg1 effects 68:74 cytotoxic effects 58:74 cytotoxic effects 58:74 Phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxic effects of essential oils from three Pinus spp. 28385055 7 48 dep RESULTS 1110:1116 arg1 members 1137:1143 The most prominent members 1118:1143 RESULTS The most prominent members in the oils 1110:1155 RESULTS The most prominent members in the oils include: δ-3-carene, α-pinene and linalool-acetate (P. mugo); α-pinene, β-phellandrene and β-pinene (P. peuce); limonene, α-pinene and (E)-caryophyllene (P. heldreichii). 28385055 6 49 dep assay 1050:1054 arg1 incubation 1097:1106 24 h incubation 1092:1106 24 h incubation 1092:1106 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 6 49 dep assay 1050:1054 arg1 concentration 1057:1069 concentration 1057:1069 concentration of oils 1057:1077 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 6 50 dep concentration 1057:1069 arg1 % 1089:1089 0.001-0.1% 1080:1089 0.001-0.1% 1080:1089 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 2 51 theme Pinus 357:361 arg1 species 363:369 different Pinus species 347:369 different Pinus species 347:369 In the recent years, various studies focused on the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of essential oils (EOs) of numerous plants, including different Pinus species. 28385055 0 52 from Pinus 105:109 arg1 oils 89:92 essential oils 79:92 essential oils from three Pinus 79:109 Phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxic effects of essential oils from three Pinus spp. 28385055 0 52 from Pinus 105:109 arg1 composition 14:24 Phytochemical composition 0:24 Phytochemical composition 0:24 Phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxic effects of essential oils from three Pinus spp. 28385055 0 52 from Pinus 105:109 arg1 activity 45:52 anti-inflammatory activity 27:52 anti-inflammatory activity 27:52 Phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxic effects of essential oils from three Pinus spp. 28385055 0 52 from Pinus 105:109 arg1 effects 68:74 cytotoxic effects 58:74 cytotoxic effects 58:74 Phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxic effects of essential oils from three Pinus spp. 28385055 6 53 theme Tetrazolium 1029:1039 arg1 Bromide 1041:1047 Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide 1014:1047 Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide 1014:1047 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 6 53 theme Tetrazolium 1029:1039 arg1 MTT 1009:1011 MTT 1009:1011 a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation) 1007:1107 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 8 54 theme cell 1433:1436 arg1 viability 1438:1446 cell viability 1433:1446 cell viability 1433:1446 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 3 55 theme Christ 505:510 arg1 twigs 478:482 twigs 478:482 twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb. 478:542 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 6 56 theme Thiazolyl 1014:1022 arg1 Bromide 1041:1047 Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide 1014:1047 Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide 1014:1047 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 6 56 theme Thiazolyl 1014:1022 arg1 MTT 1009:1011 MTT 1009:1011 a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation) 1007:1107 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 8 57 theme % 1488:1488 arg1 concentration 1468:1480 a concentration 1466:1480 a concentration of 0.1% 1466:1488 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 6 58 theme 24 h 1092:1095 arg1 concentration 1057:1069 concentration 1057:1069 concentration of oils 1057:1077 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 6 58 theme 24 h 1092:1095 arg1 incubation 1097:1106 24 h incubation 1092:1106 24 h incubation 1092:1106 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 9 59 theme needles 1658:1664 arg1 EOs 1651:1653 The EOs 1647:1653 The EOs of needles and twigs from P. peuce and P. heldreichii as well as of needles 1647:1729 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The EOs of needles and twigs from P. peuce and P. heldreichii as well as of needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo can be considered as promising agents for anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. 28385055 2 60 theme anticancer 273:282 arg1 activity 284:291 the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity 247:291 the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of essential oils (EOs) of numerous plants, including different Pinus species 247:369 In the recent years, various studies focused on the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of essential oils (EOs) of numerous plants, including different Pinus species. 28385055 1 61 theme severe 182:187 arg1 diseases 189:196 severe diseases 182:196 severe diseases 182:196 CONTEXT Inflammation and cell differentiation lead to a number of severe diseases. 28385055 7 62 theme E 1293:1293 arg1 -caryophyllene 1295:1308 (E)-caryophyllene 1292:1308 (E)-caryophyllene (P. heldreichii) 1292:1325 RESULTS The most prominent members in the oils include: δ-3-carene, α-pinene and linalool-acetate (P. mugo); α-pinene, β-phellandrene and β-pinene (P. peuce); limonene, α-pinene and (E)-caryophyllene (P. heldreichii). 28385055 9 63 theme twigs 1670:1674 arg1 EOs 1651:1653 The EOs 1647:1653 The EOs of needles and twigs from P. peuce and P. heldreichii as well as of needles 1647:1729 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The EOs of needles and twigs from P. peuce and P. heldreichii as well as of needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo can be considered as promising agents for anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. 28385055 7 64 theme prominent 1127:1135 arg1 members 1137:1143 The most prominent members 1118:1143 RESULTS The most prominent members in the oils 1110:1155 RESULTS The most prominent members in the oils include: δ-3-carene, α-pinene and linalool-acetate (P. mugo); α-pinene, β-phellandrene and β-pinene (P. peuce); limonene, α-pinene and (E)-caryophyllene (P. heldreichii). 28385055 5 65 theme -stimulated 826:836 arg1 model 849:853 a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model 800:853 a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model 800:853 The amount of secreted IL-6 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model was quantified (concentration of oils: 0.0001-0.2%, 3 h incubation). 28385055 8 66 theme cancer 1372:1377 arg1 lines 1384:1388 cancer cell lines 1372:1388 cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%) 1372:1410 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 8 66 theme cancer 1372:1377 arg1 % 1409:1409 IC50 0.007 to >0.1% 1391:1409 IC50 0.007 to >0.1% 1391:1409 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 9 67 theme anticancer 1801:1810 arg1 drugs 1834:1838 anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs 1801:1838 anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs 1801:1838 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The EOs of needles and twigs from P. peuce and P. heldreichii as well as of needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo can be considered as promising agents for anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. 28385055 2 68 theme oils 306:309 arg1 activity 284:291 the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity 247:291 the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of essential oils (EOs) of numerous plants, including different Pinus species 247:369 In the recent years, various studies focused on the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of essential oils (EOs) of numerous plants, including different Pinus species. 28385055 8 69 theme IC50 1523:1526 arg1 activity 1513:1520 anti-inflammatory activity 1495:1520 anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) 1495:1540 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 8 69 theme IC50 1523:1526 arg1 % 1539:1539 IC50 0.0008-0.02% 1523:1539 IC50 0.0008-0.02% 1523:1539 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 8 70 dep 60 1588:1589 arg1 to 1585:1586 to 1585:1586 to 1585:1586 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 5 71 theme macrophage 838:847 arg1 model 849:853 a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model 800:853 a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model 800:853 The amount of secreted IL-6 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model was quantified (concentration of oils: 0.0001-0.2%, 3 h incubation). 28385055 1 72 theme CONTEXT 116:122 arg1 Inflammation 124:135 CONTEXT Inflammation 116:135 CONTEXT Inflammation 116:135 CONTEXT Inflammation and cell differentiation lead to a number of severe diseases. 28385055 9 73 from peuce 1684:1688 arg1 EOs 1651:1653 The EOs 1647:1653 The EOs of needles and twigs from P. peuce and P. heldreichii as well as of needles 1647:1729 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The EOs of needles and twigs from P. peuce and P. heldreichii as well as of needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo can be considered as promising agents for anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. 28385055 4 74 theme EOs 676:678 arg1 identification 654:667 identification 654:667 identification 654:667 MATERIALS AND METHODS For separation and identification of the EOs, gas chromatography/flame ion detector (GC/FID) and GC/mass spectrometry were performed. 28385055 4 74 theme EOs 676:678 arg1 spectrometry 740:751 GC/mass spectrometry 732:751 GC/mass spectrometry 732:751 MATERIALS AND METHODS For separation and identification of the EOs, gas chromatography/flame ion detector (GC/FID) and GC/mass spectrometry were performed. 28385055 4 74 theme EOs 676:678 arg1 detector 710:717 gas chromatography/flame ion detector 681:717 gas chromatography/flame ion detector (GC/FID) 681:726 MATERIALS AND METHODS For separation and identification of the EOs, gas chromatography/flame ion detector (GC/FID) and GC/mass spectrometry were performed. 28385055 4 74 theme EOs 676:678 arg1 GC/FID 720:725 GC/FID 720:725 GC/FID 720:725 MATERIALS AND METHODS For separation and identification of the EOs, gas chromatography/flame ion detector (GC/FID) and GC/mass spectrometry were performed. 28385055 4 74 theme EOs 676:678 arg1 separation 639:648 separation 639:648 separation 639:648 MATERIALS AND METHODS For separation and identification of the EOs, gas chromatography/flame ion detector (GC/FID) and GC/mass spectrometry were performed. 28385055 2 75 theme anti-inflammatory 251:267 arg1 activity 284:291 the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity 247:291 the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of essential oils (EOs) of numerous plants, including different Pinus species 247:369 In the recent years, various studies focused on the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of essential oils (EOs) of numerous plants, including different Pinus species. 28385055 5 76 theme oils 888:891 arg1 concentration 871:883 concentration 871:883 concentration of oils 871:891 The amount of secreted IL-6 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model was quantified (concentration of oils: 0.0001-0.2%, 3 h incubation). 28385055 7 77 from members 1137:1143 arg1 oils 1152:1155 the oils 1148:1155 the oils 1148:1155 RESULTS The most prominent members in the oils include: δ-3-carene, α-pinene and linalool-acetate (P. mugo); α-pinene, β-phellandrene and β-pinene (P. peuce); limonene, α-pinene and (E)-caryophyllene (P. heldreichii). 28385055 4 78 theme gas 681:683 arg1 GC/FID 720:725 GC/FID 720:725 GC/FID 720:725 MATERIALS AND METHODS For separation and identification of the EOs, gas chromatography/flame ion detector (GC/FID) and GC/mass spectrometry were performed. 28385055 4 78 theme gas 681:683 arg1 detector 710:717 gas chromatography/flame ion detector 681:717 gas chromatography/flame ion detector (GC/FID) 681:726 MATERIALS AND METHODS For separation and identification of the EOs, gas chromatography/flame ion detector (GC/FID) and GC/mass spectrometry were performed. 28385055 0 79 theme essential 79:87 arg1 oils 89:92 essential oils 79:92 essential oils from three Pinus 79:109 Phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxic effects of essential oils from three Pinus spp. 28385055 8 80 from effects 1361:1367 arg1 lines 1384:1388 cancer cell lines 1372:1388 cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%) 1372:1410 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 8 80 from effects 1361:1367 arg1 % 1409:1409 IC50 0.007 to >0.1% 1391:1409 IC50 0.007 to >0.1% 1391:1409 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 8 81 theme IL-6 1562:1565 arg1 secretion 1567:1575 IL-6 secretion 1562:1575 IL-6 secretion 1562:1575 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 3 82 from composition 400:410 arg1 cones 573:577 cones 573:577 cones 573:577 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 3 82 from composition 400:410 arg1 needles 466:472 needles 466:472 needles 466:472 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 3 82 from composition 400:410 arg1 twigs 563:567 twigs 563:567 twigs 563:567 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 3 82 from composition 400:410 arg1 needles 554:560 needles 554:560 needles 554:560 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 6 83 theme cell 951:954 arg1 HeLa 962:965 HeLa 962:965 HeLa 962:965 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 6 83 theme cell 951:954 arg1 MCF-7 979:983 MCF-7 979:983 MCF-7 979:983 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 6 83 theme cell 951:954 arg1 lines 956:960 the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 940:983 the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 940:983 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 6 83 theme cell 951:954 arg1 CaCo-2 968:973 CaCo-2 968:973 CaCo-2 968:973 Cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines HeLa, CaCo-2 and MCF-7 were determined using a MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay (concentration of oils: 0.001-0.1%, 24 h incubation). 28385055 0 84 from composition 14:24 arg1 Pinus 105:109 three Pinus 99:109 three Pinus 99:109 Phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxic effects of essential oils from three Pinus spp. 28385055 0 85 from effects 68:74 arg1 Pinus 105:109 three Pinus 99:109 three Pinus 99:109 Phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxic effects of essential oils from three Pinus spp. 28385055 5 86 from IL-6 792:795 arg1 model 849:853 a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model 800:853 a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model 800:853 The amount of secreted IL-6 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage model was quantified (concentration of oils: 0.0001-0.2%, 3 h incubation). 28385055 8 87 theme IC50 1391:1394 arg1 lines 1384:1388 cancer cell lines 1372:1388 cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%) 1372:1410 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 8 87 theme IC50 1391:1394 arg1 % 1409:1409 IC50 0.007 to >0.1% 1391:1409 IC50 0.007 to >0.1% 1391:1409 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 9 88 theme mugo 1754:1757 arg1 agents 1790:1795 promising agents 1780:1795 promising agents for anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs 1780:1838 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The EOs of needles and twigs from P. peuce and P. heldreichii as well as of needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo can be considered as promising agents for anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. 28385055 9 88 theme mugo 1754:1757 arg1 cones 1742:1746 cones 1742:1746 cones 1742:1746 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The EOs of needles and twigs from P. peuce and P. heldreichii as well as of needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo can be considered as promising agents for anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. 28385055 9 88 theme mugo 1754:1757 arg1 twigs 1732:1736 twigs 1732:1736 twigs 1732:1736 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The EOs of needles and twigs from P. peuce and P. heldreichii as well as of needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo can be considered as promising agents for anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. 28385055 4 89 theme GC/mass 732:738 arg1 spectrometry 740:751 GC/mass spectrometry 732:751 GC/mass spectrometry 732:751 MATERIALS AND METHODS For separation and identification of the EOs, gas chromatography/flame ion detector (GC/FID) and GC/mass spectrometry were performed. 28385055 8 90 theme cell 1379:1382 arg1 lines 1384:1388 cancer cell lines 1372:1388 cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%) 1372:1410 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 8 90 theme cell 1379:1382 arg1 % 1409:1409 IC50 0.007 to >0.1% 1391:1409 IC50 0.007 to >0.1% 1391:1409 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 4 91 theme ion 706:708 arg1 GC/FID 720:725 GC/FID 720:725 GC/FID 720:725 MATERIALS AND METHODS For separation and identification of the EOs, gas chromatography/flame ion detector (GC/FID) and GC/mass spectrometry were performed. 28385055 4 91 theme ion 706:708 arg1 detector 710:717 gas chromatography/flame ion detector 681:717 gas chromatography/flame ion detector (GC/FID) 681:726 MATERIALS AND METHODS For separation and identification of the EOs, gas chromatography/flame ion detector (GC/FID) and GC/mass spectrometry were performed. 28385055 3 92 theme cytotoxic 435:443 arg1 activity 445:452 cytotoxic activity 435:452 cytotoxic activity 435:452 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 0 93 theme anti-inflammatory 27:43 arg1 activity 45:52 anti-inflammatory activity 27:52 anti-inflammatory activity 27:52 Phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxic effects of essential oils from three Pinus spp. 28385055 8 94 from activity 1513:1520 arg1 lines 1384:1388 cancer cell lines 1372:1388 cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%) 1372:1410 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 8 94 from activity 1513:1520 arg1 % 1409:1409 IC50 0.007 to >0.1% 1391:1409 IC50 0.007 to >0.1% 1391:1409 EOs showed significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines (IC50 0.007 to >0.1%), with a reduction in cell viability with up to 90% at a concentration of 0.1%, and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 0.0008-0.02%) with a reduction of IL-6 secretion with up to 60% at a concentration of 0.01%. 28385055 2 95 theme recent 206:211 arg1 years 213:217 the recent years 202:217 the recent years 202:217 In the recent years, various studies focused on the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of essential oils (EOs) of numerous plants, including different Pinus species. 28385055 3 96 from needles 466:472 arg1 activity 445:452 cytotoxic activity 435:452 cytotoxic activity 435:452 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 3 96 from needles 466:472 arg1 composition 400:410 The phytochemical composition 382:410 The phytochemical composition 382:410 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 3 96 from needles 466:472 arg1 EOs 457:459 EOs 457:459 EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra 457:594 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 2 97 theme numerous 320:327 arg1 plants 329:334 numerous plants 320:334 numerous plants 320:334 In the recent years, various studies focused on the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of essential oils (EOs) of numerous plants, including different Pinus species. 28385055 9 98 theme anti-inflammatory 1816:1832 arg1 drugs 1834:1838 anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs 1801:1838 anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs 1801:1838 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The EOs of needles and twigs from P. peuce and P. heldreichii as well as of needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo can be considered as promising agents for anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. 28385055 3 99 from activity 445:452 arg1 cones 573:577 cones 573:577 cones 573:577 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 3 99 from activity 445:452 arg1 needles 466:472 needles 466:472 needles 466:472 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 3 99 from activity 445:452 arg1 twigs 563:567 twigs 563:567 twigs 563:567 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 3 99 from activity 445:452 arg1 needles 554:560 needles 554:560 needles 554:560 OBJECTIVE The phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of EOs from needles and twigs of Pinus heldreichii Christ (Pinaceae) and P. peuce Griseb., and from needles, twigs and cones of P. mugo Turra were determined. 28385055 2 100 theme different 347:355 arg1 species 363:369 different Pinus species 347:369 different Pinus species 347:369 In the recent years, various studies focused on the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of essential oils (EOs) of numerous plants, including different Pinus species. 24898341 0 0 theme drug 112:115 arg1 delivery 117:124 tumor-triggered targeted drug delivery 87:124 tumor-triggered targeted drug delivery 87:124 Smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles for tumor-triggered targeted drug delivery. 24898341 2 1 theme smart 360:364 arg1 system 414:419 a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system 358:419 a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system based on folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives 358:524 In this article, a new kind of a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system based on folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives was designed and prepared successfully. 24898341 0 2 theme targeted 103:110 arg1 delivery 117:124 tumor-triggered targeted drug delivery 87:124 tumor-triggered targeted drug delivery 87:124 Smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles for tumor-triggered targeted drug delivery. 24898341 3 3 theme main 720:723 arg1 chain 725:729 a dextran main chain 710:729 a dextran main chain 710:729 PEG chains with pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds, stearyl alcohol (SA) chains with reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds and folate were connected to a dextran main chain. 24898341 5 4 dep in 819:820 arg1 vitro 822:826 vitro 822:826 vitro 822:826 The in vitro DOX release profiles showed that the FPPLVs achieved a triggered drug release in response to acidic pH and reducing environments due to the cleavage of hydrazone bonds and disulfide bonds. 24898341 1 5 theme encapsulated 285:296 arg1 drugs 298:302 the encapsulated drugs 281:302 the encapsulated drugs 281:302 To improve their therapeutic index, designed nanocarriers should preferentially accumulate in tumor tissues and then rapidly enter tumor cells to release the encapsulated drugs in a triggered manner. 24898341 5 6 theme bonds 990:994 arg1 cleavage 968:975 the cleavage 964:975 the cleavage of hydrazone bonds and disulfide bonds 964:1014 The in vitro DOX release profiles showed that the FPPLVs achieved a triggered drug release in response to acidic pH and reducing environments due to the cleavage of hydrazone bonds and disulfide bonds. 24898341 5 7 theme bonds 1010:1014 arg1 cleavage 968:975 the cleavage 964:975 the cleavage of hydrazone bonds and disulfide bonds 964:1014 The in vitro DOX release profiles showed that the FPPLVs achieved a triggered drug release in response to acidic pH and reducing environments due to the cleavage of hydrazone bonds and disulfide bonds. 24898341 3 8 theme alcohol 620:626 arg1 chains 633:638 stearyl alcohol (SA) chains 612:638 stearyl alcohol (SA) chains with reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds 612:679 PEG chains with pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds, stearyl alcohol (SA) chains with reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds and folate were connected to a dextran main chain. 24898341 6 9 dep in 1053:1054 arg1 vitro 1056:1060 vitro 1056:1060 vitro 1056:1060 It has also been demonstrated by an in vitro cellular uptake study that the FPPLVs lose their PEG coating as well as expose the folate in acidic conditions, which allows them to efficiently enter tumor cells through ligand-receptor interactions. 24898341 5 10 dep pH 928:929 arg1 response 909:916 response 909:916 response 909:916 The in vitro DOX release profiles showed that the FPPLVs achieved a triggered drug release in response to acidic pH and reducing environments due to the cleavage of hydrazone bonds and disulfide bonds. 24898341 6 11 theme ligand-receptor 1233:1247 arg1 interactions 1249:1260 ligand-receptor interactions 1233:1260 ligand-receptor interactions 1233:1260 It has also been demonstrated by an in vitro cellular uptake study that the FPPLVs lose their PEG coating as well as expose the folate in acidic conditions, which allows them to efficiently enter tumor cells through ligand-receptor interactions. 24898341 3 12 theme pH-sensitive 582:593 arg1 bonds 605:609 pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds 582:609 pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds 582:609 PEG chains with pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds, stearyl alcohol (SA) chains with reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds and folate were connected to a dextran main chain. 24898341 4 13 contain had 759:761 arg2 nm 791:792 ∼50 nm 787:792 ∼50 nm 787:792 The newly developed FPPLVs had a nano-sized structure (∼50 nm) with a PEG coating. 24898341 4 13 contain had 759:761 arg1 FPPLVs 752:757 The newly developed FPPLVs 732:757 The newly developed FPPLVs 732:757 The newly developed FPPLVs had a nano-sized structure (∼50 nm) with a PEG coating. 24898341 4 13 contain had 759:761 arg2 structure 776:784 a nano-sized structure 763:784 a nano-sized structure (∼50 nm) 763:793 The newly developed FPPLVs had a nano-sized structure (∼50 nm) with a PEG coating. 24898341 7 14 theme HeLa 1373:1376 arg1 cells 1378:1382 HeLa cells 1373:1382 HeLa cells 1373:1382 In vitro cytotoxicity measurements also confirmed that FPPLVs exhibited pronounced antitumor activity against HeLa cells. 24898341 6 15 theme cellular 1062:1069 arg1 study 1078:1082 an in vitro cellular uptake study 1050:1082 an in vitro cellular uptake study that the FPPLVs lose their PEG coating as well as expose the folate in acidic conditions, which allows them to efficiently enter tumor cells through ligand-receptor interactions 1050:1260 It has also been demonstrated by an in vitro cellular uptake study that the FPPLVs lose their PEG coating as well as expose the folate in acidic conditions, which allows them to efficiently enter tumor cells through ligand-receptor interactions. 24898341 3 16 theme PEG 566:568 arg1 chains 570:575 PEG chains 566:575 PEG chains with pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds 566:609 PEG chains with pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds, stearyl alcohol (SA) chains with reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds and folate were connected to a dextran main chain. 24898341 2 17 theme drug 400:403 arg1 system 414:419 a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system 358:419 a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system based on folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives 358:524 In this article, a new kind of a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system based on folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives was designed and prepared successfully. 24898341 2 18 theme system 414:419 arg1 kind 350:353 a new kind 344:353 a new kind of a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system based on folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives 344:524 In this article, a new kind of a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system based on folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives was designed and prepared successfully. 24898341 2 19 theme amphiphilic 494:504 arg1 derivatives 514:524 amphiphilic dextran derivatives 494:524 amphiphilic dextran derivatives 494:524 In this article, a new kind of a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system based on folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives was designed and prepared successfully. 24898341 5 20 theme in 819:820 arg1 profiles 840:847 The in vitro DOX release profiles 815:847 The in vitro DOX release profiles 815:847 The in vitro DOX release profiles showed that the FPPLVs achieved a triggered drug release in response to acidic pH and reducing environments due to the cleavage of hydrazone bonds and disulfide bonds. 24898341 6 21 theme uptake 1071:1076 arg1 study 1078:1082 an in vitro cellular uptake study 1050:1082 an in vitro cellular uptake study that the FPPLVs lose their PEG coating as well as expose the folate in acidic conditions, which allows them to efficiently enter tumor cells through ligand-receptor interactions 1050:1260 It has also been demonstrated by an in vitro cellular uptake study that the FPPLVs lose their PEG coating as well as expose the folate in acidic conditions, which allows them to efficiently enter tumor cells through ligand-receptor interactions. 24898341 2 22 theme delivery 405:412 arg1 system 414:419 a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system 358:419 a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system based on folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives 358:524 In this article, a new kind of a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system based on folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives was designed and prepared successfully. 24898341 0 23 theme pH- 6:8 arg1 vesicles 74:81 Smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles 0:81 Smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles 0:81 Smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles for tumor-triggered targeted drug delivery. 24898341 2 24 theme dextran 506:512 arg1 derivatives 514:524 amphiphilic dextran derivatives 494:524 amphiphilic dextran derivatives 494:524 In this article, a new kind of a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system based on folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives was designed and prepared successfully. 24898341 6 25 theme tumor 1213:1217 arg1 cells 1219:1223 tumor cells 1213:1223 tumor cells 1213:1223 It has also been demonstrated by an in vitro cellular uptake study that the FPPLVs lose their PEG coating as well as expose the folate in acidic conditions, which allows them to efficiently enter tumor cells through ligand-receptor interactions. 24898341 3 26 with chains 633:638 arg1 bonds 605:609 pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds 582:609 pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds 582:609 PEG chains with pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds, stearyl alcohol (SA) chains with reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds and folate were connected to a dextran main chain. 24898341 3 26 with chains 633:638 arg1 bonds 675:679 reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds 645:679 reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds 645:679 PEG chains with pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds, stearyl alcohol (SA) chains with reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds and folate were connected to a dextran main chain. 24898341 4 27 theme nano-sized 765:774 arg1 structure 776:784 a nano-sized structure 763:784 a nano-sized structure (∼50 nm) 763:793 The newly developed FPPLVs had a nano-sized structure (∼50 nm) with a PEG coating. 24898341 4 27 theme nano-sized 765:774 arg1 nm 791:792 ∼50 nm 787:792 ∼50 nm 787:792 The newly developed FPPLVs had a nano-sized structure (∼50 nm) with a PEG coating. 24898341 6 28 from folate 1145:1150 arg1 conditions 1162:1171 acidic conditions 1155:1171 acidic conditions 1155:1171 It has also been demonstrated by an in vitro cellular uptake study that the FPPLVs lose their PEG coating as well as expose the folate in acidic conditions, which allows them to efficiently enter tumor cells through ligand-receptor interactions. 24898341 1 29 theme tumor 221:225 arg1 tissues 227:233 tumor tissues 221:233 tumor tissues 221:233 To improve their therapeutic index, designed nanocarriers should preferentially accumulate in tumor tissues and then rapidly enter tumor cells to release the encapsulated drugs in a triggered manner. 24898341 0 30 theme Smart 0:4 arg1 vesicles 74:81 Smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles 0:81 Smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles 0:81 Smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles for tumor-triggered targeted drug delivery. 24898341 3 31 theme stearyl 612:618 arg1 chains 633:638 stearyl alcohol (SA) chains 612:638 stearyl alcohol (SA) chains with reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds 612:679 PEG chains with pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds, stearyl alcohol (SA) chains with reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds and folate were connected to a dextran main chain. 24898341 2 32 theme reduction-dual-responsive 374:398 arg1 system 414:419 a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system 358:419 a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system based on folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives 358:524 In this article, a new kind of a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system based on folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives was designed and prepared successfully. 24898341 0 33 theme reduction-dual-responsive 14:38 arg1 vesicles 74:81 Smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles 0:81 Smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles 0:81 Smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles for tumor-triggered targeted drug delivery. 24898341 1 34 theme triggered 309:317 arg1 manner 319:324 a triggered manner 307:324 a triggered manner 307:324 To improve their therapeutic index, designed nanocarriers should preferentially accumulate in tumor tissues and then rapidly enter tumor cells to release the encapsulated drugs in a triggered manner. 24898341 7 35 theme antitumor 1346:1354 arg1 activity 1356:1363 pronounced antitumor activity 1335:1363 pronounced antitumor activity 1335:1363 In vitro cytotoxicity measurements also confirmed that FPPLVs exhibited pronounced antitumor activity against HeLa cells. 24898341 3 36 theme hydrazone 595:603 arg1 bonds 605:609 pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds 582:609 pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds 582:609 PEG chains with pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds, stearyl alcohol (SA) chains with reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds and folate were connected to a dextran main chain. 24898341 3 37 theme SA 629:630 arg1 chains 633:638 stearyl alcohol (SA) chains 612:638 stearyl alcohol (SA) chains with reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds 612:679 PEG chains with pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds, stearyl alcohol (SA) chains with reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds and folate were connected to a dextran main chain. 24898341 2 38 theme polymeric 448:456 arg1 FPPLVs 474:479 FPPLVs 474:479 FPPLVs 474:479 In this article, a new kind of a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system based on folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives was designed and prepared successfully. 24898341 2 38 theme polymeric 448:456 arg1 vesicles 464:471 folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles 430:471 folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives 430:524 In this article, a new kind of a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system based on folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives was designed and prepared successfully. 24898341 2 39 theme lipid 458:462 arg1 FPPLVs 474:479 FPPLVs 474:479 FPPLVs 474:479 In this article, a new kind of a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system based on folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives was designed and prepared successfully. 24898341 2 39 theme lipid 458:462 arg1 vesicles 464:471 folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles 430:471 folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives 430:524 In this article, a new kind of a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system based on folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives was designed and prepared successfully. 24898341 5 40 theme reducing 935:942 arg1 environments 944:955 acidic pH and reducing environments 921:955 environments 944:955 The in vitro DOX release profiles showed that the FPPLVs achieved a triggered drug release in response to acidic pH and reducing environments due to the cleavage of hydrazone bonds and disulfide bonds. 24898341 8 41 theme antitumor 1452:1460 arg1 applications 1476:1487 smart antitumor drug delivery applications 1446:1487 smart antitumor drug delivery applications 1446:1487 These results suggest that FPPLVs are promising carriers for smart antitumor drug delivery applications. 24898341 5 42 theme due 957:959 arg1 pH 928:929 acidic pH and reducing environments 921:955 pH 928:929 The in vitro DOX release profiles showed that the FPPLVs achieved a triggered drug release in response to acidic pH and reducing environments due to the cleavage of hydrazone bonds and disulfide bonds. 24898341 3 43 with folate 685:690 arg1 bonds 605:609 pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds 582:609 pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds 582:609 PEG chains with pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds, stearyl alcohol (SA) chains with reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds and folate were connected to a dextran main chain. 24898341 3 43 with folate 685:690 arg1 bonds 675:679 reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds 645:679 reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds 645:679 PEG chains with pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds, stearyl alcohol (SA) chains with reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds and folate were connected to a dextran main chain. 24898341 2 44 theme folate-PEG-coated 430:446 arg1 FPPLVs 474:479 FPPLVs 474:479 FPPLVs 474:479 In this article, a new kind of a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system based on folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives was designed and prepared successfully. 24898341 2 44 theme folate-PEG-coated 430:446 arg1 vesicles 464:471 folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles 430:471 folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives 430:524 In this article, a new kind of a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system based on folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives was designed and prepared successfully. 24898341 0 45 theme polymeric 58:66 arg1 vesicles 74:81 Smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles 0:81 Smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles 0:81 Smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles for tumor-triggered targeted drug delivery. 24898341 7 46 theme In 1263:1264 arg1 measurements 1285:1296 In vitro cytotoxicity measurements 1263:1296 In vitro cytotoxicity measurements 1263:1296 In vitro cytotoxicity measurements also confirmed that FPPLVs exhibited pronounced antitumor activity against HeLa cells. 24898341 8 47 theme smart 1446:1450 arg1 applications 1476:1487 smart antitumor drug delivery applications 1446:1487 smart antitumor drug delivery applications 1446:1487 These results suggest that FPPLVs are promising carriers for smart antitumor drug delivery applications. 24898341 0 48 dep vesicles 74:81 arg1 delivery 117:124 tumor-triggered targeted drug delivery 87:124 tumor-triggered targeted drug delivery 87:124 Smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles for tumor-triggered targeted drug delivery. 24898341 0 49 theme folate-PEG-coated 40:56 arg1 vesicles 74:81 Smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles 0:81 Smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles 0:81 Smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles for tumor-triggered targeted drug delivery. 24898341 3 50 with chains 570:575 arg1 bonds 605:609 pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds 582:609 pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds 582:609 PEG chains with pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds, stearyl alcohol (SA) chains with reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds and folate were connected to a dextran main chain. 24898341 3 50 with chains 570:575 arg1 bonds 675:679 reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds 645:679 reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds 645:679 PEG chains with pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds, stearyl alcohol (SA) chains with reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds and folate were connected to a dextran main chain. 24898341 8 51 theme delivery 1467:1474 arg1 applications 1476:1487 smart antitumor drug delivery applications 1446:1487 smart antitumor drug delivery applications 1446:1487 These results suggest that FPPLVs are promising carriers for smart antitumor drug delivery applications. 24898341 6 52 theme in 1053:1054 arg1 study 1078:1082 an in vitro cellular uptake study 1050:1082 an in vitro cellular uptake study that the FPPLVs lose their PEG coating as well as expose the folate in acidic conditions, which allows them to efficiently enter tumor cells through ligand-receptor interactions 1050:1260 It has also been demonstrated by an in vitro cellular uptake study that the FPPLVs lose their PEG coating as well as expose the folate in acidic conditions, which allows them to efficiently enter tumor cells through ligand-receptor interactions. 24898341 5 53 theme triggered 883:891 arg1 release 898:904 a triggered drug release 881:904 a triggered drug release 881:904 The in vitro DOX release profiles showed that the FPPLVs achieved a triggered drug release in response to acidic pH and reducing environments due to the cleavage of hydrazone bonds and disulfide bonds. 24898341 5 54 theme DOX 828:830 arg1 profiles 840:847 The in vitro DOX release profiles 815:847 The in vitro DOX release profiles 815:847 The in vitro DOX release profiles showed that the FPPLVs achieved a triggered drug release in response to acidic pH and reducing environments due to the cleavage of hydrazone bonds and disulfide bonds. 24898341 8 55 theme drug 1462:1465 arg1 applications 1476:1487 smart antitumor drug delivery applications 1446:1487 smart antitumor drug delivery applications 1446:1487 These results suggest that FPPLVs are promising carriers for smart antitumor drug delivery applications. 24898341 1 56 dep accumulate 207:216 arg1 enter 252:256 enter 252:256 enter tumor cells to release the encapsulated drugs in a triggered manner 252:324 To improve their therapeutic index, designed nanocarriers should preferentially accumulate in tumor tissues and then rapidly enter tumor cells to release the encapsulated drugs in a triggered manner. 24898341 4 57 theme developed 742:750 arg1 FPPLVs 752:757 The newly developed FPPLVs 732:757 The newly developed FPPLVs 732:757 The newly developed FPPLVs had a nano-sized structure (∼50 nm) with a PEG coating. 24898341 0 58 theme lipid 68:72 arg1 vesicles 74:81 Smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles 0:81 Smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles 0:81 Smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles for tumor-triggered targeted drug delivery. 24898341 7 59 dep In 1263:1264 arg1 vitro 1266:1270 vitro 1266:1270 vitro 1266:1270 In vitro cytotoxicity measurements also confirmed that FPPLVs exhibited pronounced antitumor activity against HeLa cells. 24898341 1 60 theme therapeutic 144:154 arg1 index 156:160 their therapeutic index 138:160 their therapeutic index 138:160 To improve their therapeutic index, designed nanocarriers should preferentially accumulate in tumor tissues and then rapidly enter tumor cells to release the encapsulated drugs in a triggered manner. 24898341 8 61 theme promising 1423:1431 arg1 FPPLVs 1412:1417 FPPLVs 1412:1417 FPPLVs 1412:1417 These results suggest that FPPLVs are promising carriers for smart antitumor drug delivery applications. 24898341 8 61 theme promising 1423:1431 arg1 carriers 1433:1440 promising carriers 1423:1440 promising carriers for smart antitumor drug delivery applications 1423:1487 These results suggest that FPPLVs are promising carriers for smart antitumor drug delivery applications. 24898341 6 62 theme acidic 1155:1160 arg1 conditions 1162:1171 acidic conditions 1155:1171 acidic conditions 1155:1171 It has also been demonstrated by an in vitro cellular uptake study that the FPPLVs lose their PEG coating as well as expose the folate in acidic conditions, which allows them to efficiently enter tumor cells through ligand-receptor interactions. 24898341 3 63 theme dextran 712:718 arg1 chain 725:729 a dextran main chain 710:729 a dextran main chain 710:729 PEG chains with pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds, stearyl alcohol (SA) chains with reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds and folate were connected to a dextran main chain. 24898341 3 64 theme reduction-sensitive 645:663 arg1 bonds 675:679 reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds 645:679 reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds 645:679 PEG chains with pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds, stearyl alcohol (SA) chains with reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds and folate were connected to a dextran main chain. 24898341 2 65 theme new 346:348 arg1 kind 350:353 a new kind 344:353 a new kind of a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system based on folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives 344:524 In this article, a new kind of a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system based on folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives was designed and prepared successfully. 24898341 1 66 theme tumor 258:262 arg1 cells 264:268 tumor cells 258:268 tumor cells 258:268 To improve their therapeutic index, designed nanocarriers should preferentially accumulate in tumor tissues and then rapidly enter tumor cells to release the encapsulated drugs in a triggered manner. 24898341 5 67 theme acidic 921:926 arg1 pH 928:929 acidic pH and reducing environments 921:955 pH 928:929 The in vitro DOX release profiles showed that the FPPLVs achieved a triggered drug release in response to acidic pH and reducing environments due to the cleavage of hydrazone bonds and disulfide bonds. 24898341 3 68 theme disulfide 665:673 arg1 bonds 675:679 reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds 645:679 reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds 645:679 PEG chains with pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds, stearyl alcohol (SA) chains with reduction-sensitive disulfide bonds and folate were connected to a dextran main chain. 24898341 5 69 theme drug 893:896 arg1 release 898:904 a triggered drug release 881:904 a triggered drug release 881:904 The in vitro DOX release profiles showed that the FPPLVs achieved a triggered drug release in response to acidic pH and reducing environments due to the cleavage of hydrazone bonds and disulfide bonds. 24898341 6 70 theme PEG 1111:1113 arg1 coating 1115:1121 their PEG coating 1105:1121 their PEG coating 1105:1121 It has also been demonstrated by an in vitro cellular uptake study that the FPPLVs lose their PEG coating as well as expose the folate in acidic conditions, which allows them to efficiently enter tumor cells through ligand-receptor interactions. 24898341 4 71 theme PEG 802:804 arg1 coating 806:812 a PEG coating 800:812 a PEG coating 800:812 The newly developed FPPLVs had a nano-sized structure (∼50 nm) with a PEG coating. 24898341 0 72 theme tumor-triggered 87:101 arg1 delivery 117:124 tumor-triggered targeted drug delivery 87:124 tumor-triggered targeted drug delivery 87:124 Smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles for tumor-triggered targeted drug delivery. 24898341 7 73 theme cytotoxicity 1272:1283 arg1 measurements 1285:1296 In vitro cytotoxicity measurements 1263:1296 In vitro cytotoxicity measurements 1263:1296 In vitro cytotoxicity measurements also confirmed that FPPLVs exhibited pronounced antitumor activity against HeLa cells. 24898341 7 74 theme pronounced 1335:1344 arg1 activity 1356:1363 pronounced antitumor activity 1335:1363 pronounced antitumor activity 1335:1363 In vitro cytotoxicity measurements also confirmed that FPPLVs exhibited pronounced antitumor activity against HeLa cells. 24898341 5 75 theme release 832:838 arg1 profiles 840:847 The in vitro DOX release profiles 815:847 The in vitro DOX release profiles 815:847 The in vitro DOX release profiles showed that the FPPLVs achieved a triggered drug release in response to acidic pH and reducing environments due to the cleavage of hydrazone bonds and disulfide bonds. 24898341 1 76 theme designed 163:170 arg1 nanocarriers 172:183 designed nanocarriers 163:183 designed nanocarriers 163:183 To improve their therapeutic index, designed nanocarriers should preferentially accumulate in tumor tissues and then rapidly enter tumor cells to release the encapsulated drugs in a triggered manner. 24898341 5 77 theme hydrazone 980:988 arg1 bonds 990:994 hydrazone bonds 980:994 hydrazone bonds 980:994 The in vitro DOX release profiles showed that the FPPLVs achieved a triggered drug release in response to acidic pH and reducing environments due to the cleavage of hydrazone bonds and disulfide bonds. 24898341 5 78 theme disulfide 1000:1008 arg1 bonds 1010:1014 disulfide bonds 1000:1014 disulfide bonds 1000:1014 The in vitro DOX release profiles showed that the FPPLVs achieved a triggered drug release in response to acidic pH and reducing environments due to the cleavage of hydrazone bonds and disulfide bonds. 24898341 2 79 theme pH- 366:368 arg1 system 414:419 a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system 358:419 a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system based on folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives 358:524 In this article, a new kind of a smart pH- and reduction-dual-responsive drug delivery system based on folate-PEG-coated polymeric lipid vesicles (FPPLVs) formed from amphiphilic dextran derivatives was designed and prepared successfully. 28460969 6 0 theme ratio 1025:1029 arg1 product 977:983 the product 973:983 the product of glycinin/gum arabic ratio (ρ) and ZN ratio of glycinin/gum arabic 973:1052 Further analysis indicated that the product of glycinin/gum arabic ratio (ρ) and ZN ratio of glycinin/gum arabic was approximate 1 at any pHφ1 values. 28460969 8 1 theme complex 1263:1269 arg1 formation 1271:1279 glycinin/gum arabic complex formation 1243:1279 glycinin/gum arabic complex formation 1243:1279 NaCl displayed multiple effects on glycinin/gum arabic complex formation according to turbidity and compositional analysis. 28460969 6 2 theme ZN 1022:1023 arg1 ratio 1025:1029 ZN ratio 1022:1029 ZN ratio of glycinin/gum arabic 1022:1052 Further analysis indicated that the product of glycinin/gum arabic ratio (ρ) and ZN ratio of glycinin/gum arabic was approximate 1 at any pHφ1 values. 28460969 4 3 theme 1:4 627:629 arg1 ratios 617:622 glycinin/gum arabic ratios 597:622 glycinin/gum arabic ratios of 1:4 597:629 The corresponding pHφ1 values at glycinin/gum arabic ratios of 1:4, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 4:1 and 8:1 were 2.85, 3.25, 3.70, 4.40, 4.85 and 5.35, respectively. 28460969 3 4 theme Turbidity 393:401 arg1 titrations 403:412 Turbidity titrations 393:412 Turbidity titrations at different glycinin/gum arabic ratios 393:452 Turbidity titrations at different glycinin/gum arabic ratios were conducted and critical pH values (pHφ1) where insoluble complexes began forming were determined firstly. 28460969 6 5 theme pHφ1 1079:1082 arg1 values 1084:1089 any pHφ1 values 1075:1089 any pHφ1 values 1075:1089 Further analysis indicated that the product of glycinin/gum arabic ratio (ρ) and ZN ratio of glycinin/gum arabic was approximate 1 at any pHφ1 values. 28460969 5 6 theme soft 910:913 arg1 analysis 924:931 the soft particle analysis 906:931 the soft particle analysis theory 906:938 Afterwards, electromobilities for glycinin and gum arabic at the pH values between 4.1 and 2.6 were measured, and charge densities (ZN) for glycinin and gum arabic were calculated based on the soft particle analysis theory. 28460969 9 7 theme designing 1395:1403 arg1 soymilk 1387:1393 acid soymilk designing 1382:1403 acid soymilk designing 1382:1403 The present study could provide basic guidance in acid soymilk designing. 28460969 6 8 theme arabic 1047:1052 arg1 ρ 1015:1015 ρ 1015:1015 ρ 1015:1015 Further analysis indicated that the product of glycinin/gum arabic ratio (ρ) and ZN ratio of glycinin/gum arabic was approximate 1 at any pHφ1 values. 28460969 6 8 theme arabic 1047:1052 arg1 ratio 1008:1012 glycinin/gum arabic ratio 988:1012 glycinin/gum arabic ratio (ρ) 988:1016 Further analysis indicated that the product of glycinin/gum arabic ratio (ρ) and ZN ratio of glycinin/gum arabic was approximate 1 at any pHφ1 values. 28460969 6 8 theme arabic 1047:1052 arg1 ratio 1025:1029 ZN ratio 1022:1029 ZN ratio of glycinin/gum arabic 1022:1052 Further analysis indicated that the product of glycinin/gum arabic ratio (ρ) and ZN ratio of glycinin/gum arabic was approximate 1 at any pHφ1 values. 28460969 9 9 theme basic 1364:1368 arg1 guidance 1370:1377 basic guidance 1364:1377 basic guidance in acid soymilk designing 1364:1403 The present study could provide basic guidance in acid soymilk designing. 28460969 5 10 theme pH 782:783 arg1 values 785:790 the pH values 778:790 the pH values between 4.1 and 2.6 778:810 Afterwards, electromobilities for glycinin and gum arabic at the pH values between 4.1 and 2.6 were measured, and charge densities (ZN) for glycinin and gum arabic were calculated based on the soft particle analysis theory. 28460969 5 11 theme particle 915:922 arg1 analysis 924:931 the soft particle analysis 906:931 the soft particle analysis theory 906:938 Afterwards, electromobilities for glycinin and gum arabic at the pH values between 4.1 and 2.6 were measured, and charge densities (ZN) for glycinin and gum arabic were calculated based on the soft particle analysis theory. 28460969 5 12 theme charge 831:836 arg1 ZN 849:850 ZN 849:850 ZN 849:850 Afterwards, electromobilities for glycinin and gum arabic at the pH values between 4.1 and 2.6 were measured, and charge densities (ZN) for glycinin and gum arabic were calculated based on the soft particle analysis theory. 28460969 5 12 theme charge 831:836 arg1 densities 838:846 charge densities 831:846 charge densities (ZN) for glycinin and gum arabic 831:879 Afterwards, electromobilities for glycinin and gum arabic at the pH values between 4.1 and 2.6 were measured, and charge densities (ZN) for glycinin and gum arabic were calculated based on the soft particle analysis theory. 28460969 6 13 theme arabic 1001:1006 arg1 ρ 1015:1015 ρ 1015:1015 ρ 1015:1015 Further analysis indicated that the product of glycinin/gum arabic ratio (ρ) and ZN ratio of glycinin/gum arabic was approximate 1 at any pHφ1 values. 28460969 6 13 theme arabic 1001:1006 arg1 ratio 1008:1012 glycinin/gum arabic ratio 988:1012 glycinin/gum arabic ratio (ρ) 988:1016 Further analysis indicated that the product of glycinin/gum arabic ratio (ρ) and ZN ratio of glycinin/gum arabic was approximate 1 at any pHφ1 values. 28460969 7 14 theme charge 1113:1118 arg1 neutralization 1120:1133 charge neutralization 1113:1133 charge neutralization 1113:1133 It was revealed that charge neutralization was achieved when glycinin/gum arabic insoluble complexes began forming. 28460969 3 15 theme arabic 440:445 arg1 ratios 447:452 different glycinin/gum arabic ratios 417:452 different glycinin/gum arabic ratios 417:452 Turbidity titrations at different glycinin/gum arabic ratios were conducted and critical pH values (pHφ1) where insoluble complexes began forming were determined firstly. 28460969 0 16 theme arabic 13:18 arg1 formation 28:36 Glycinin-gum arabic complex formation 0:36 Glycinin-gum arabic complex formation 0:36 Glycinin-gum arabic complex formation: Turbidity measurement and charge neutralization analysis. 28460969 3 17 theme critical 473:480 arg1 values 485:490 critical pH values 473:490 critical pH values (pHφ1) where insoluble complexes began forming 473:537 Turbidity titrations at different glycinin/gum arabic ratios were conducted and critical pH values (pHφ1) where insoluble complexes began forming were determined firstly. 28460969 3 17 theme critical 473:480 arg1 pHφ1 493:496 pHφ1 493:496 pHφ1 493:496 Turbidity titrations at different glycinin/gum arabic ratios were conducted and critical pH values (pHφ1) where insoluble complexes began forming were determined firstly. 28460969 0 18 theme Glycinin-gum 0:11 arg1 formation 28:36 Glycinin-gum arabic complex formation 0:36 Glycinin-gum arabic complex formation 0:36 Glycinin-gum arabic complex formation: Turbidity measurement and charge neutralization analysis. 28460969 4 19 theme arabic 610:615 arg1 ratios 617:622 glycinin/gum arabic ratios 597:622 glycinin/gum arabic ratios of 1:4 597:629 The corresponding pHφ1 values at glycinin/gum arabic ratios of 1:4, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 4:1 and 8:1 were 2.85, 3.25, 3.70, 4.40, 4.85 and 5.35, respectively. 28460969 2 20 theme complexes 328:336 arg1 formation 295:303 the formation 291:303 the formation of glycinin/gum arabic complexes driven by electrostatic interactions 291:373 In this study, the formation of glycinin/gum arabic complexes driven by electrostatic interactions was investigated. 28460969 3 21 theme pH 482:483 arg1 values 485:490 critical pH values 473:490 critical pH values (pHφ1) where insoluble complexes began forming 473:537 Turbidity titrations at different glycinin/gum arabic ratios were conducted and critical pH values (pHφ1) where insoluble complexes began forming were determined firstly. 28460969 3 21 theme pH 482:483 arg1 pHφ1 493:496 pHφ1 493:496 pHφ1 493:496 Turbidity titrations at different glycinin/gum arabic ratios were conducted and critical pH values (pHφ1) where insoluble complexes began forming were determined firstly. 28460969 4 22 theme glycinin/gum 597:608 arg1 ratios 617:622 glycinin/gum arabic ratios 597:622 glycinin/gum arabic ratios of 1:4 597:629 The corresponding pHφ1 values at glycinin/gum arabic ratios of 1:4, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 4:1 and 8:1 were 2.85, 3.25, 3.70, 4.40, 4.85 and 5.35, respectively. 28460969 8 23 from effects 1232:1238 arg1 formation 1271:1279 glycinin/gum arabic complex formation 1243:1279 glycinin/gum arabic complex formation 1243:1279 NaCl displayed multiple effects on glycinin/gum arabic complex formation according to turbidity and compositional analysis. 28460969 2 24 theme arabic 321:326 arg1 complexes 328:336 glycinin/gum arabic complexes 308:336 glycinin/gum arabic complexes driven by electrostatic interactions 308:373 In this study, the formation of glycinin/gum arabic complexes driven by electrostatic interactions was investigated. 28460969 6 25 theme ratio 1008:1012 arg1 product 977:983 the product 973:983 the product of glycinin/gum arabic ratio (ρ) and ZN ratio of glycinin/gum arabic 973:1052 Further analysis indicated that the product of glycinin/gum arabic ratio (ρ) and ZN ratio of glycinin/gum arabic was approximate 1 at any pHφ1 values. 28460969 0 26 theme complex 20:26 arg1 formation 28:36 Glycinin-gum arabic complex formation 0:36 Glycinin-gum arabic complex formation 0:36 Glycinin-gum arabic complex formation: Turbidity measurement and charge neutralization analysis. 28460969 5 27 dep glycinin 857:864 arg1 arabic 874:879 arabic 874:879 arabic 874:879 Afterwards, electromobilities for glycinin and gum arabic at the pH values between 4.1 and 2.6 were measured, and charge densities (ZN) for glycinin and gum arabic were calculated based on the soft particle analysis theory. 28460969 2 28 theme glycinin/gum 308:319 arg1 complexes 328:336 glycinin/gum arabic complexes 308:336 glycinin/gum arabic complexes driven by electrostatic interactions 308:373 In this study, the formation of glycinin/gum arabic complexes driven by electrostatic interactions was investigated. 28460969 6 29 from values 1084:1089 arg1 approximate 1058:1068 approximate 1058:1068 approximate 1058:1068 Further analysis indicated that the product of glycinin/gum arabic ratio (ρ) and ZN ratio of glycinin/gum arabic was approximate 1 at any pHφ1 values. 28460969 3 30 theme insoluble 505:513 arg1 complexes 515:523 insoluble complexes 505:523 insoluble complexes 505:523 Turbidity titrations at different glycinin/gum arabic ratios were conducted and critical pH values (pHφ1) where insoluble complexes began forming were determined firstly. 28460969 0 31 theme Turbidity 39:47 arg1 measurement 49:59 Turbidity measurement 39:59 Turbidity measurement 39:59 Glycinin-gum arabic complex formation: Turbidity measurement and charge neutralization analysis. 28460969 5 32 dep analysis 924:931 arg1 theory 933:938 theory 933:938 the soft particle analysis theory 906:938 Afterwards, electromobilities for glycinin and gum arabic at the pH values between 4.1 and 2.6 were measured, and charge densities (ZN) for glycinin and gum arabic were calculated based on the soft particle analysis theory. 28460969 8 33 theme multiple 1223:1230 arg1 effects 1232:1238 multiple effects 1223:1238 multiple effects on glycinin/gum arabic complex formation 1223:1279 NaCl displayed multiple effects on glycinin/gum arabic complex formation according to turbidity and compositional analysis. 28460969 1 34 theme scientific 216:225 arg1 impact 227:232 its scientific impact 212:232 its scientific impact on the stability of acid soymilk systems 212:273 The interaction between glycinin and anionic polysaccharides has gained considerable attention recently because of its scientific impact on the stability of acid soymilk systems. 28460969 6 35 theme glycinin/gum 988:999 arg1 ρ 1015:1015 ρ 1015:1015 ρ 1015:1015 Further analysis indicated that the product of glycinin/gum arabic ratio (ρ) and ZN ratio of glycinin/gum arabic was approximate 1 at any pHφ1 values. 28460969 6 35 theme glycinin/gum 988:999 arg1 ratio 1008:1012 glycinin/gum arabic ratio 988:1012 glycinin/gum arabic ratio (ρ) 988:1016 Further analysis indicated that the product of glycinin/gum arabic ratio (ρ) and ZN ratio of glycinin/gum arabic was approximate 1 at any pHφ1 values. 28460969 4 36 theme pHφ1 582:585 arg1 values 587:592 The corresponding pHφ1 values 564:592 The corresponding pHφ1 values at glycinin/gum arabic ratios of 1:4 564:629 The corresponding pHφ1 values at glycinin/gum arabic ratios of 1:4, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 4:1 and 8:1 were 2.85, 3.25, 3.70, 4.40, 4.85 and 5.35, respectively. 28460969 4 36 theme pHφ1 582:585 arg1 2.85 664:667 2.85 664:667 2.85 664:667 The corresponding pHφ1 values at glycinin/gum arabic ratios of 1:4, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 4:1 and 8:1 were 2.85, 3.25, 3.70, 4.40, 4.85 and 5.35, respectively. 28460969 6 37 theme Further 941:947 arg1 analysis 949:956 Further analysis 941:956 Further analysis 941:956 Further analysis indicated that the product of glycinin/gum arabic ratio (ρ) and ZN ratio of glycinin/gum arabic was approximate 1 at any pHφ1 values. 28460969 0 38 dep measurement 49:59 arg1 analysis 87:94 analysis 87:94 analysis 87:94 Glycinin-gum arabic complex formation: Turbidity measurement and charge neutralization analysis. 28460969 0 38 dep measurement 49:59 arg1 formation 28:36 Glycinin-gum arabic complex formation 0:36 Glycinin-gum arabic complex formation 0:36 Glycinin-gum arabic complex formation: Turbidity measurement and charge neutralization analysis. 28460969 8 39 theme glycinin/gum 1243:1254 arg1 formation 1271:1279 glycinin/gum arabic complex formation 1243:1279 glycinin/gum arabic complex formation 1243:1279 NaCl displayed multiple effects on glycinin/gum arabic complex formation according to turbidity and compositional analysis. 28460969 4 40 theme corresponding 568:580 arg1 values 587:592 The corresponding pHφ1 values 564:592 The corresponding pHφ1 values at glycinin/gum arabic ratios of 1:4 564:629 The corresponding pHφ1 values at glycinin/gum arabic ratios of 1:4, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 4:1 and 8:1 were 2.85, 3.25, 3.70, 4.40, 4.85 and 5.35, respectively. 28460969 4 40 theme corresponding 568:580 arg1 2.85 664:667 2.85 664:667 2.85 664:667 The corresponding pHφ1 values at glycinin/gum arabic ratios of 1:4, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 4:1 and 8:1 were 2.85, 3.25, 3.70, 4.40, 4.85 and 5.35, respectively. 28460969 7 41 theme arabic 1166:1171 arg1 complexes 1183:1191 glycinin/gum arabic insoluble complexes 1153:1191 glycinin/gum arabic insoluble complexes 1153:1191 It was revealed that charge neutralization was achieved when glycinin/gum arabic insoluble complexes began forming. 28460969 9 42 theme present 1336:1342 arg1 study 1344:1348 The present study 1332:1348 The present study 1332:1348 The present study could provide basic guidance in acid soymilk designing. 28460969 9 43 from guidance 1370:1377 arg1 soymilk 1387:1393 acid soymilk designing 1382:1403 acid soymilk designing 1382:1403 The present study could provide basic guidance in acid soymilk designing. 28460969 1 44 from impact 227:232 arg1 stability 241:249 the stability 237:249 the stability of acid soymilk systems 237:273 The interaction between glycinin and anionic polysaccharides has gained considerable attention recently because of its scientific impact on the stability of acid soymilk systems. 28460969 1 45 theme anionic 134:140 arg1 polysaccharides 142:156 anionic polysaccharides 134:156 anionic polysaccharides 134:156 The interaction between glycinin and anionic polysaccharides has gained considerable attention recently because of its scientific impact on the stability of acid soymilk systems. 28460969 2 46 theme electrostatic 348:360 arg1 interactions 362:373 electrostatic interactions 348:373 electrostatic interactions 348:373 In this study, the formation of glycinin/gum arabic complexes driven by electrostatic interactions was investigated. 28460969 8 47 theme compositional 1308:1320 arg1 analysis 1322:1329 compositional analysis 1308:1329 compositional analysis 1308:1329 NaCl displayed multiple effects on glycinin/gum arabic complex formation according to turbidity and compositional analysis. 28460969 9 48 theme acid 1382:1385 arg1 soymilk 1387:1393 acid soymilk designing 1382:1403 acid soymilk designing 1382:1403 The present study could provide basic guidance in acid soymilk designing. 28460969 4 49 from ratios 617:622 arg1 values 587:592 The corresponding pHφ1 values 564:592 The corresponding pHφ1 values at glycinin/gum arabic ratios of 1:4 564:629 The corresponding pHφ1 values at glycinin/gum arabic ratios of 1:4, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 4:1 and 8:1 were 2.85, 3.25, 3.70, 4.40, 4.85 and 5.35, respectively. 28460969 4 49 from ratios 617:622 arg1 2.85 664:667 2.85 664:667 2.85 664:667 The corresponding pHφ1 values at glycinin/gum arabic ratios of 1:4, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 4:1 and 8:1 were 2.85, 3.25, 3.70, 4.40, 4.85 and 5.35, respectively. 28460969 1 50 theme considerable 169:180 arg1 attention 182:190 considerable attention 169:190 considerable attention 169:190 The interaction between glycinin and anionic polysaccharides has gained considerable attention recently because of its scientific impact on the stability of acid soymilk systems. 28460969 1 51 theme acid 254:257 arg1 systems 267:273 acid soymilk systems 254:273 acid soymilk systems 254:273 The interaction between glycinin and anionic polysaccharides has gained considerable attention recently because of its scientific impact on the stability of acid soymilk systems. 28460969 7 52 theme glycinin/gum 1153:1164 arg1 complexes 1183:1191 glycinin/gum arabic insoluble complexes 1153:1191 glycinin/gum arabic insoluble complexes 1153:1191 It was revealed that charge neutralization was achieved when glycinin/gum arabic insoluble complexes began forming. 28460969 6 53 theme glycinin/gum 1034:1045 arg1 arabic 1047:1052 glycinin/gum arabic 1034:1052 glycinin/gum arabic 1034:1052 Further analysis indicated that the product of glycinin/gum arabic ratio (ρ) and ZN ratio of glycinin/gum arabic was approximate 1 at any pHφ1 values. 28460969 8 54 theme arabic 1256:1261 arg1 formation 1271:1279 glycinin/gum arabic complex formation 1243:1279 glycinin/gum arabic complex formation 1243:1279 NaCl displayed multiple effects on glycinin/gum arabic complex formation according to turbidity and compositional analysis. 28460969 1 55 theme soymilk 259:265 arg1 systems 267:273 acid soymilk systems 254:273 acid soymilk systems 254:273 The interaction between glycinin and anionic polysaccharides has gained considerable attention recently because of its scientific impact on the stability of acid soymilk systems. 28460969 0 56 theme charge 65:70 arg1 neutralization 72:85 charge neutralization 65:85 charge neutralization 65:85 Glycinin-gum arabic complex formation: Turbidity measurement and charge neutralization analysis. 28460969 3 57 from ratios 447:452 arg1 titrations 403:412 Turbidity titrations 393:412 Turbidity titrations at different glycinin/gum arabic ratios 393:452 Turbidity titrations at different glycinin/gum arabic ratios were conducted and critical pH values (pHφ1) where insoluble complexes began forming were determined firstly. 28460969 3 58 theme different 417:425 arg1 ratios 447:452 different glycinin/gum arabic ratios 417:452 different glycinin/gum arabic ratios 417:452 Turbidity titrations at different glycinin/gum arabic ratios were conducted and critical pH values (pHφ1) where insoluble complexes began forming were determined firstly. 28460969 3 59 theme glycinin/gum 427:438 arg1 ratios 447:452 different glycinin/gum arabic ratios 417:452 different glycinin/gum arabic ratios 417:452 Turbidity titrations at different glycinin/gum arabic ratios were conducted and critical pH values (pHφ1) where insoluble complexes began forming were determined firstly. 28460969 7 60 theme insoluble 1173:1181 arg1 complexes 1183:1191 glycinin/gum arabic insoluble complexes 1153:1191 glycinin/gum arabic insoluble complexes 1153:1191 It was revealed that charge neutralization was achieved when glycinin/gum arabic insoluble complexes began forming. 28460969 1 61 theme systems 267:273 arg1 stability 241:249 the stability 237:249 the stability of acid soymilk systems 237:273 The interaction between glycinin and anionic polysaccharides has gained considerable attention recently because of its scientific impact on the stability of acid soymilk systems. 27470165 11 0 theme hybridization 1451:1463 arg1 data 1465:1468 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1443:1468 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1443:1468 Phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization data and phenotypic characteristics allowed strain T9BT to be differentiated from other members of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 10 1 theme DNA 1386:1388 arg1 content 1363:1369 The G+C content 1355:1369 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain 1355:1403 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain was 42.9 mol%. 27470165 10 1 theme DNA 1386:1388 arg1 % 1417:1417 42.9 mol% 1409:1417 42.9 mol% 1409:1417 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain was 42.9 mol%. 27470165 5 2 theme 25-45 636:640 arg1 ranges 611:616 pH and temperature ranges 592:616 pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus 592:783 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 2 3 theme Gram-stain-positive 95:113 arg1 bacterium 192:200 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, long rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium 93:200 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, long rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium 93:200 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, long rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain T9BT, was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 27470165 9 4 contain contained 1248:1256 arg1 It 1245:1246 It 1245:1246 It 1245:1246 It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27470165 9 4 contain contained 1248:1256 arg2 MK-7 1258:1261 MK-7 1258:1261 MK-7 1258:1261 It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27470165 2 5 from Iran 299:302 arg1 sample 253:258 a brine sample 245:258 a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran 245:302 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, long rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain T9BT, was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 27470165 7 6 theme isolate 1050:1056 arg1 anteiso-C15  1063:1074 anteiso-C15  1063:1074 anteiso-C15  1063:1074 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27470165 7 6 theme isolate 1050:1056 arg1 acids 1037:1041 The major cellular fatty acids 1012:1041 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate 1012:1056 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27470165 2 7 theme hypersaline 267:277 arg1 Aran-Bidgol 284:294 the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol 263:294 the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran 263:302 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, long rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain T9BT, was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 27470165 5 8 dep pH 494:495 arg1 The 482:484 The 482:484 The 482:484 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 4 9 dep % 417:417 arg1 1.0 406:408 1.0 406:408 1.0 406:408 Growth occurred between 1.0 and 20 % (w/v) NaCl and the isolate grew optimally at 5.0 % (v/w) NaCl. 27470165 4 9 dep % 417:417 arg1 20  414:416 20  414:416 20  414:416 Growth occurred between 1.0 and 20 % (w/v) NaCl and the isolate grew optimally at 5.0 % (v/w) NaCl. 27470165 4 9 dep % 417:417 arg1 w/v 420:422 w/v 420:422 w/v 420:422 Growth occurred between 1.0 and 20 % (w/v) NaCl and the isolate grew optimally at 5.0 % (v/w) NaCl. 27470165 5 10 theme temperature 599:609 arg1 ranges 611:616 pH and temperature ranges 592:616 pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus 592:783 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 4 11 dep % 468:468 arg1 v/w 471:473 v/w 471:473 v/w 471:473 Growth occurred between 1.0 and 20 % (w/v) NaCl and the isolate grew optimally at 5.0 % (v/w) NaCl. 27470165 6 12 theme rekensis 841:848 arg1 relative 798:805 The closest relative 786:805 The closest relative to this strain 786:820 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus rekensis PT-11T with a similarity of 97.4 %, followed by Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28T and Oceanobacillus polygoni SA9T with 97.3 and 97.1 % similarity, respectively. 27470165 6 12 theme rekensis 841:848 arg1 PT-11T 850:855 Oceanobacillus rekensis PT-11T 826:855 Oceanobacillus rekensis PT-11T 826:855 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus rekensis PT-11T with a similarity of 97.4 %, followed by Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28T and Oceanobacillus polygoni SA9T with 97.3 and 97.1 % similarity, respectively. 27470165 3 13 theme T9BT 321:324 arg1 Cells 305:309 Cells 305:309 Cells of strain T9BT 305:324 Cells of strain T9BT were motile and produced colonies with a brown pigment. 27470165 8 14 theme polar 1113:1117 arg1 lipids 1119:1124 The polar lipids 1109:1124 The polar lipids of strain T9BT 1109:1139 The polar lipids of strain T9BT consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, three phospholipids and one aminoglycolipid. 27470165 5 15 theme strain 531:536 arg1 growth 517:522 growth 517:522 growth of the strain 517:536 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 9 16 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1298:1316 arg1 acid 1318:1321 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1298:1321 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1298:1321 It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27470165 14 17 theme =IBRC-M 1714:1720 arg1 T9BT 1708:1711 T9BT 1708:1711 T9BT (=IBRC-M 10703T=LMG 29250T) 1708:1739 The type strain is T9BT (=IBRC-M 10703T=LMG 29250T). 27470165 14 17 theme =IBRC-M 1714:1720 arg1 29250T 1733:1738 =IBRC-M 10703T=LMG 29250T 1714:1738 =IBRC-M 10703T=LMG 29250T 1714:1738 The type strain is T9BT (=IBRC-M 10703T=LMG 29250T). 27470165 9 18 theme predominant 1270:1280 arg1 menaquinone 1282:1292 predominant menaquinone 1270:1292 predominant menaquinone 1270:1292 It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27470165 5 19 theme optimum 486:492 arg1 pH 494:495 optimum pH 486:495 optimum pH 486:495 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 10 20 theme mol 1414:1416 arg1 content 1363:1369 The G+C content 1355:1369 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain 1355:1403 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain was 42.9 mol%. 27470165 10 20 theme mol 1414:1416 arg1 % 1417:1417 42.9 mol% 1409:1417 42.9 mol% 1409:1417 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain was 42.9 mol%. 27470165 0 21 theme longus 15:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Oceanobacillus longus sp 0:23 Oceanobacillus longus sp. 0:24 Oceanobacillus longus sp. 27470165 12 22 theme novel 1592:1596 arg1 species 1598:1604 A novel species 1590:1604 A novel species 1590:1604 A novel species, Oceanobacillus longus sp. 27470165 12 23 dep sp 1629:1630 arg1 species 1598:1604 A novel species 1590:1604 A novel species 1590:1604 A novel species, Oceanobacillus longus sp. 27470165 5 24 theme strain 733:738 arg1 member 750:755 a member 748:755 a member of the genus Oceanobacillus 748:783 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 5 24 theme strain 733:738 arg1 T9BT 740:743 strain T9BT 733:743 strain T9BT 733:743 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 0 25 theme Oceanobacillus 0:13 arg1 sp 22:23 Oceanobacillus longus sp 0:23 Oceanobacillus longus sp. 0:24 Oceanobacillus longus sp. 27470165 6 26 theme Oceanobacillus 826:839 arg1 relative 798:805 The closest relative 786:805 The closest relative to this strain 786:820 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus rekensis PT-11T with a similarity of 97.4 %, followed by Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28T and Oceanobacillus polygoni SA9T with 97.3 and 97.1 % similarity, respectively. 27470165 6 26 theme Oceanobacillus 826:839 arg1 PT-11T 850:855 Oceanobacillus rekensis PT-11T 826:855 Oceanobacillus rekensis PT-11T 826:855 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus rekensis PT-11T with a similarity of 97.4 %, followed by Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28T and Oceanobacillus polygoni SA9T with 97.3 and 97.1 % similarity, respectively. 27470165 12 27 theme Oceanobacillus 1607:1620 arg1 sp 1629:1630 Oceanobacillus longus sp 1607:1630 Oceanobacillus longus sp 1607:1630 A novel species, Oceanobacillus longus sp. 27470165 1 28 theme salt 82:85 arg1 lake 87:90 a salt lake 80:90 a salt lake 80:90 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake. 27470165 7 29 theme major 1016:1020 arg1 anteiso-C15  1063:1074 anteiso-C15  1063:1074 anteiso-C15  1063:1074 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27470165 7 29 theme major 1016:1020 arg1 acids 1037:1041 The major cellular fatty acids 1012:1041 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate 1012:1056 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27470165 7 30 dep anteiso-C15  1063:1074 arg1  0 1089:1090  0 1089:1090  0 1089:1090 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27470165 7 30 dep anteiso-C15  1063:1074 arg1  0 1076:1077  0 1076:1077  0 1076:1077 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27470165 7 30 dep anteiso-C15  1063:1074 arg1  0 1105:1106  0 1105:1106  0 1105:1106 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27470165 7 30 dep anteiso-C15  1063:1074 arg1 iso-C16  1096:1103 iso-C16  1096:1103 iso-C16  1096:1103 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27470165 2 31 theme Aran-Bidgol 284:294 arg1 sample 253:258 a brine sample 245:258 a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran 245:302 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, long rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain T9BT, was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 27470165 5 32 theme 16S 695:697 arg1 sequences 709:717 16S rRNA gene sequences 695:717 16S rRNA gene sequences 695:717 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 7 33 theme cellular 1022:1029 arg1 anteiso-C15  1063:1074 anteiso-C15  1063:1074 anteiso-C15  1063:1074 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27470165 7 33 theme cellular 1022:1029 arg1 acids 1037:1041 The major cellular fatty acids 1012:1041 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate 1012:1056 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27470165 4 34 dep NaCl 425:428 arg1 % 417:417 % 417:417 % 417:417 Growth occurred between 1.0 and 20 % (w/v) NaCl and the isolate grew optimally at 5.0 % (v/w) NaCl. 27470165 10 35 theme G+C 1359:1361 arg1 content 1363:1369 The G+C content 1355:1369 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain 1355:1403 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain was 42.9 mol%. 27470165 10 35 theme G+C 1359:1361 arg1 % 1417:1417 42.9 mol% 1409:1417 42.9 mol% 1409:1417 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain was 42.9 mol%. 27470165 14 36 theme type 1693:1696 arg1 T9BT 1708:1711 T9BT 1708:1711 T9BT (=IBRC-M 10703T=LMG 29250T) 1708:1739 The type strain is T9BT (=IBRC-M 10703T=LMG 29250T). 27470165 14 36 theme type 1693:1696 arg1 strain 1698:1703 The type strain 1689:1703 The type strain 1689:1703 The type strain is T9BT (=IBRC-M 10703T=LMG 29250T). 27470165 2 37 theme lake 279:282 arg1 Aran-Bidgol 284:294 the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol 263:294 the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran 263:302 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, long rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain T9BT, was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 27470165 5 38 theme rRNA 699:702 arg1 sequences 709:717 16S rRNA gene sequences 695:717 16S rRNA gene sequences 695:717 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 5 39 theme °C. 642:644 arg1 analysis 659:666 °C. Phylogenetic analysis 642:666 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences 642:717 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 1 40 attach isolated 66:73 arg1 lake 87:90 a salt lake 80:90 a salt lake 80:90 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake. 27470165 1 40 attach isolated 66:73 arg2 bacterium 56:64 a moderately halophilic bacterium 32:64 a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake 32:90 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake. 27470165 9 41 theme cell-wall 1330:1338 arg1 peptidoglycan 1340:1352 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1326:1352 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1326:1352 It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27470165 14 42 theme 10703T=LMG 1722:1731 arg1 T9BT 1708:1711 T9BT 1708:1711 T9BT (=IBRC-M 10703T=LMG 29250T) 1708:1739 The type strain is T9BT (=IBRC-M 10703T=LMG 29250T). 27470165 14 42 theme 10703T=LMG 1722:1731 arg1 29250T 1733:1738 =IBRC-M 10703T=LMG 29250T 1714:1738 =IBRC-M 10703T=LMG 29250T 1714:1738 The type strain is T9BT (=IBRC-M 10703T=LMG 29250T). 27470165 5 43 theme gene 704:707 arg1 sequences 709:717 16S rRNA gene sequences 695:717 16S rRNA gene sequences 695:717 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 5 44 theme Phylogenetic 646:657 arg1 analysis 659:666 °C. Phylogenetic analysis 642:666 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences 642:717 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 4 45 theme % 468:468 arg1 NaCl 476:479 5.0 % (v/w) NaCl 464:479 5.0 % (v/w) NaCl 464:479 Growth occurred between 1.0 and 20 % (w/v) NaCl and the isolate grew optimally at 5.0 % (v/w) NaCl. 27470165 5 46 theme pH 592:593 arg1 ranges 611:616 pH and temperature ranges 592:616 pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus 592:783 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 11 47 theme other 1547:1551 arg1 members 1553:1559 other members 1547:1559 other members of the genus Oceanobacillus 1547:1587 Phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization data and phenotypic characteristics allowed strain T9BT to be differentiated from other members of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 5 48 theme sequences 709:717 arg1 comparison 681:690 the comparison 677:690 the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences 677:717 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 3 49 theme brown 367:371 arg1 pigment 373:379 a brown pigment 365:379 a brown pigment 365:379 Cells of strain T9BT were motile and produced colonies with a brown pigment. 27470165 2 50 dep Gram-stain-positive 95:113 arg1 endospore-forming 116:132 endospore-forming 116:132 endospore-forming 116:132 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, long rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain T9BT, was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 27470165 2 50 dep Gram-stain-positive 95:113 arg1 rod-shaped 140:149 rod-shaped 140:149 rod-shaped 140:149 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, long rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain T9BT, was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 27470165 2 50 dep Gram-stain-positive 95:113 arg1 aerobic 161:167 aerobic 161:167 aerobic 161:167 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, long rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain T9BT, was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 27470165 2 50 dep Gram-stain-positive 95:113 arg1 halophilic 181:190 halophilic 181:190 halophilic 181:190 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, long rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain T9BT, was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 27470165 5 51 dep ranges 611:616 arg1 revealed 719:726 revealed 719:726 revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus 719:783 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 10 52 theme strain 1398:1403 arg1 DNA 1386:1388 the genomic DNA 1374:1388 the genomic DNA of this strain 1374:1403 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain was 42.9 mol%. 27470165 9 53 dep menaquinone 1282:1292 arg1 the 1266:1268 the 1266:1268 the 1266:1268 It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27470165 11 54 theme DNA-DNA 1443:1449 arg1 data 1465:1468 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1443:1468 DNA-DNA hybridization data 1443:1468 Phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization data and phenotypic characteristics allowed strain T9BT to be differentiated from other members of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 8 55 theme strain 1129:1134 arg1 T9BT 1136:1139 strain T9BT 1129:1139 strain T9BT 1129:1139 The polar lipids of strain T9BT consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, three phospholipids and one aminoglycolipid. 27470165 6 56 theme closest 790:796 arg1 relative 798:805 The closest relative 786:805 The closest relative to this strain 786:820 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus rekensis PT-11T with a similarity of 97.4 %, followed by Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28T and Oceanobacillus polygoni SA9T with 97.3 and 97.1 % similarity, respectively. 27470165 6 56 theme closest 790:796 arg1 PT-11T 850:855 Oceanobacillus rekensis PT-11T 826:855 Oceanobacillus rekensis PT-11T 826:855 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus rekensis PT-11T with a similarity of 97.4 %, followed by Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28T and Oceanobacillus polygoni SA9T with 97.3 and 97.1 % similarity, respectively. 27470165 10 57 theme genomic 1378:1384 arg1 DNA 1386:1388 the genomic DNA 1374:1388 the genomic DNA of this strain 1374:1403 The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain was 42.9 mol%. 27470165 2 58 theme strain 214:219 arg1 T9BT 221:224 strain T9BT 214:224 strain T9BT 214:224 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, long rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain T9BT, was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 27470165 11 59 theme Phylogenetic 1420:1431 arg1 analysis 1433:1440 Phylogenetic analysis 1420:1440 Phylogenetic analysis 1420:1440 Phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization data and phenotypic characteristics allowed strain T9BT to be differentiated from other members of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 5 60 theme genus 764:768 arg1 Oceanobacillus 770:783 the genus Oceanobacillus 760:783 the genus Oceanobacillus 760:783 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 12 61 dep Oceanobacillus 1607:1620 arg1 longus 1622:1627 longus 1622:1627 longus 1622:1627 A novel species, Oceanobacillus longus sp. 27470165 11 62 theme phenotypic 1474:1483 arg1 characteristics 1485:1499 phenotypic characteristics 1474:1499 phenotypic characteristics 1474:1499 Phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization data and phenotypic characteristics allowed strain T9BT to be differentiated from other members of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 6 63 with PT-11T 850:855 arg1 similarity 864:873 a similarity 862:873 a similarity of 97.4 % 862:883 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus rekensis PT-11T with a similarity of 97.4 %, followed by Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28T and Oceanobacillus polygoni SA9T with 97.3 and 97.1 % similarity, respectively. 27470165 2 64 theme brine 247:251 arg1 sample 253:258 a brine sample 245:258 a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran 245:302 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, long rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain T9BT, was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 27470165 5 65 theme Oceanobacillus 770:783 arg1 member 750:755 a member 748:755 a member of the genus Oceanobacillus 748:783 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 5 65 theme Oceanobacillus 770:783 arg1 T9BT 740:743 strain T9BT 733:743 strain T9BT 733:743 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 2 66 from sample 253:258 arg1 Iran 299:302 Iran 299:302 Iran 299:302 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, long rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain T9BT, was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 27470165 6 67 theme % 883:883 arg1 similarity 864:873 a similarity 862:873 a similarity of 97.4 % 862:883 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus rekensis PT-11T with a similarity of 97.4 %, followed by Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28T and Oceanobacillus polygoni SA9T with 97.3 and 97.1 % similarity, respectively. 27470165 11 68 theme genus 1568:1572 arg1 Oceanobacillus 1574:1587 the genus Oceanobacillus 1564:1587 the genus Oceanobacillus 1564:1587 Phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization data and phenotypic characteristics allowed strain T9BT to be differentiated from other members of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 1 69 theme halophilic 45:54 arg1 bacterium 56:64 a moderately halophilic bacterium 32:64 a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake 32:90 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake. 27470165 1 70 dep bacterium 56:64 arg1 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake. 27470165 5 71 theme pH 621:622 arg1 ranges 611:616 pH and temperature ranges 592:616 pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus 592:783 The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, while it was able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6.0-9.0 and 25-45 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T9BT is a member of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 11 72 theme Oceanobacillus 1574:1587 arg1 members 1553:1559 other members 1547:1559 other members of the genus Oceanobacillus 1547:1587 Phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization data and phenotypic characteristics allowed strain T9BT to be differentiated from other members of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 6 73 dep similarity 986:995 arg1 % 984:984 % 984:984 % 984:984 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus rekensis PT-11T with a similarity of 97.4 %, followed by Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28T and Oceanobacillus polygoni SA9T with 97.3 and 97.1 % similarity, respectively. 27470165 9 74 from acid 1318:1321 arg1 peptidoglycan 1340:1352 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1326:1352 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1326:1352 It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27470165 8 75 theme T9BT 1136:1139 arg1 lipids 1119:1124 The polar lipids 1109:1124 The polar lipids of strain T9BT 1109:1139 The polar lipids of strain T9BT consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, three phospholipids and one aminoglycolipid. 27470165 2 76 attach isolated 231:238 arg2 bacterium 192:200 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, long rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium 93:200 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, long rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium 93:200 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, long rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain T9BT, was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 27470165 2 76 attach isolated 231:238 arg1 sample 253:258 a brine sample 245:258 a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran 245:302 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, long rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain T9BT, was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 27470165 3 77 theme strain 314:319 arg1 T9BT 321:324 strain T9BT 314:324 strain T9BT 314:324 Cells of strain T9BT were motile and produced colonies with a brown pigment. 27470165 11 78 theme strain 1509:1514 arg1 T9BT 1516:1519 strain T9BT 1509:1519 strain T9BT 1509:1519 Phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization data and phenotypic characteristics allowed strain T9BT to be differentiated from other members of the genus Oceanobacillus. 27470165 6 79 dep % 984:984 arg1 97.1  979:983 97.1  979:983 97.1  979:983 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus rekensis PT-11T with a similarity of 97.4 %, followed by Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28T and Oceanobacillus polygoni SA9T with 97.3 and 97.1 % similarity, respectively. 27470165 6 79 dep % 984:984 arg1 97.3 970:973 97.3 970:973 97.3 970:973 The closest relative to this strain was Oceanobacillus rekensis PT-11T with a similarity of 97.4 %, followed by Oceanobacillus profundus CL-MP28T and Oceanobacillus polygoni SA9T with 97.3 and 97.1 % similarity, respectively. 27470165 9 80 from menaquinone 1282:1292 arg1 peptidoglycan 1340:1352 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1326:1352 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1326:1352 It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 27470165 7 81 theme fatty 1031:1035 arg1 anteiso-C15  1063:1074 anteiso-C15  1063:1074 anteiso-C15  1063:1074 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27470165 7 81 theme fatty 1031:1035 arg1 acids 1037:1041 The major cellular fatty acids 1012:1041 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate 1012:1056 The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. 27470165 2 82 from Aran-Bidgol 284:294 arg1 Iran 299:302 Iran 299:302 Iran 299:302 A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, long rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain T9BT, was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. 27470165 4 83 theme 5.0  464:467 arg1 % 468:468 % 468:468 % 468:468 Growth occurred between 1.0 and 20 % (w/v) NaCl and the isolate grew optimally at 5.0 % (v/w) NaCl. 25566955 2 0 attach isolated 368:375 arg2 bacterium 322:330 A Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile cellulolytic bacterium 230:330 bacterium 322:330 A Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile cellulolytic bacterium, designated strain CC-AMH-0(T), was isolated from surface seashore water of Hualien, Taiwan and subjected to polyphasic taxonomy. 25566955 2 0 attach isolated 368:375 arg1 water 399:403 surface seashore water 382:403 surface seashore water of Hualien, Taiwan 382:422 A Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile cellulolytic bacterium, designated strain CC-AMH-0(T), was isolated from surface seashore water of Hualien, Taiwan and subjected to polyphasic taxonomy. 25566955 6 1 theme unidentified 1482:1493 arg1 phospholipid 1495:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 1 theme unidentified 1482:1493 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1556:1572 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1540:1572 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1540:1572 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 1 theme unidentified 1482:1493 arg1 aminolipid 1525:1534 an unidentified aminolipid 1509:1534 an unidentified aminolipid 1509:1534 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 8 2 dep sp 1968:1969 arg1 nov. 1962:1965 the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov. 1924:1965 the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov. 1924:1965 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidences, strain CC-AMH-0(T) is proposed to represent a novel genus and species of the family Phyllobacteriaceae, for which the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25566955 6 3 theme above 1189:1193 arg1 species 1205:1211 the above mentioned species 1185:1211 the above mentioned species 1185:1211 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 4 4 theme myrsinacearum 854:866 arg1 IAM 868:870  Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584 837:876  Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %) 837:888 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 4 4 theme myrsinacearum 854:866 arg1 T 878:878 T 878:878 T 878:878 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 4 4 theme myrsinacearum 854:866 arg1 % 887:887 95.9 % 882:887 95.9 % 882:887 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 3 5 theme active 535:540 arg1 growth 542:547 cellulose and active growth 521:547 cellulose and active growth 521:547 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) exhibited enzymatic saccharification of cellulose and active growth particularly during log-phase under nutrient-limited conditions, whereas enhanced saccharification was found in the declining growth phase under copiotrophic conditions. 25566955 10 6 theme =JCM 2042:2045 arg1 T 2068:2068 T 2068:2068 T 2068:2068 The type strain of the type species is CC-AMH-0(T) (=JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694(T)). 25566955 10 6 theme =JCM 2042:2045 arg1 80694 2062:2066 =JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694 2042:2066 =JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694(T) 2042:2069 The type strain of the type species is CC-AMH-0(T) (=JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694(T)). 25566955 2 7 dep rod-shaped 271:280 arg1 non-spore-forming 283:299 non-spore-forming 283:299 non-spore-forming 283:299 A Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile cellulolytic bacterium, designated strain CC-AMH-0(T), was isolated from surface seashore water of Hualien, Taiwan and subjected to polyphasic taxonomy. 25566955 3 8 theme nutrient-limited 585:600 arg1 conditions 602:611 nutrient-limited conditions 585:611 nutrient-limited conditions 585:611 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) exhibited enzymatic saccharification of cellulose and active growth particularly during log-phase under nutrient-limited conditions, whereas enhanced saccharification was found in the declining growth phase under copiotrophic conditions. 25566955 1 9 theme loti 190:193 arg1 descriptions 160:171 emended descriptions 152:171 emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum 152:227 nov., a cellulose-degrading bacterium of the family Phyllobacteriaceae isolated from surface seashore water, and emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum. 25566955 1 9 theme loti 190:193 arg1 water 141:145 surface seashore water 124:145 surface seashore water 124:145 nov., a cellulose-degrading bacterium of the family Phyllobacteriaceae isolated from surface seashore water, and emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum. 25566955 4 10 theme marina 899:904 arg1 % 923:923 94.0 % 918:923 94.0 % 918:923 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 4 10 theme marina 899:904 arg1 LMG 906:908 Hoeflea marina LMG 128 891:912 Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) 891:924 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 4 10 theme marina 899:904 arg1 T 914:914 T 914:914 T 914:914 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 2 11 theme cellulolytic 309:320 arg1 bacterium 322:330 A Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile cellulolytic bacterium 230:330 bacterium 322:330 A Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile cellulolytic bacterium, designated strain CC-AMH-0(T), was isolated from surface seashore water of Hualien, Taiwan and subjected to polyphasic taxonomy. 25566955 6 12 theme unidentified 1543:1554 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1556:1572 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1540:1572 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1540:1572 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 12 theme unidentified 1543:1554 arg1 phospholipid 1495:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 1 13 theme Phyllobacterium 199:213 arg1 myrsinacearum 215:227 Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum 199:227 Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum 199:227 nov., a cellulose-degrading bacterium of the family Phyllobacteriaceae isolated from surface seashore water, and emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum. 25566955 7 14 theme predominant 1653:1663 arg1 ω7c 1610:1612 ω7c 1610:1612 ω7c 1610:1612 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 7 14 theme predominant 1653:1663 arg1 ω6c 1627:1629 ω6c 1627:1629 ω6c 1627:1629 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 7 14 theme predominant 1653:1663 arg1 acids 1671:1675 predominant fatty acids 1653:1675 predominant fatty acids 1653:1675 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 8 15 theme Phyllobacteriaceae 1894:1911 arg1 species 1872:1878 species 1872:1878 species 1872:1878 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidences, strain CC-AMH-0(T) is proposed to represent a novel genus and species of the family Phyllobacteriaceae, for which the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25566955 8 15 theme Phyllobacteriaceae 1894:1911 arg1 genus 1862:1866 a novel genus 1854:1866 a novel genus 1854:1866 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidences, strain CC-AMH-0(T) is proposed to represent a novel genus and species of the family Phyllobacteriaceae, for which the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25566955 2 16 theme negative 243:250 arg1 bacterium 322:330 A Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile cellulolytic bacterium 230:330 bacterium 322:330 A Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile cellulolytic bacterium, designated strain CC-AMH-0(T), was isolated from surface seashore water of Hualien, Taiwan and subjected to polyphasic taxonomy. 25566955 8 17 theme name 1928:1931 arg1 nov. 1962:1965 the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov. 1924:1965 the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov. 1924:1965 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidences, strain CC-AMH-0(T) is proposed to represent a novel genus and species of the family Phyllobacteriaceae, for which the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25566955 4 18 theme pairwise 748:755 arg1 similarities 780:791 high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 743:791 high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members 743:961 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 8 19 theme novel 1856:1860 arg1 genus 1862:1866 a novel genus 1854:1866 a novel genus 1854:1866 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidences, strain CC-AMH-0(T) is proposed to represent a novel genus and species of the family Phyllobacteriaceae, for which the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25566955 7 20 theme respiratory 1741:1751 arg1 ω7c 1610:1612 ω7c 1610:1612 ω7c 1610:1612 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 7 20 theme respiratory 1741:1751 arg1 ω6c 1627:1629 ω6c 1627:1629 ω6c 1627:1629 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 7 20 theme respiratory 1741:1751 arg1 quinone 1753:1759 the sole respiratory quinone 1732:1759 the sole respiratory quinone 1732:1759 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 6 21 theme strain 1143:1148 arg1 T 1159:1159 T 1159:1159 T 1159:1159 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 21 theme strain 1143:1148 arg1 CC-AMH-0 1150:1157 strain CC-AMH-0 1143:1157 strain CC-AMH-0(T) 1143:1160 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 4 22 theme rRNA 761:764 arg1 similarities 780:791 high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 743:791 high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members 743:961 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 5 23 theme 16S 1004:1006 arg1 rRNA 1008:1011 16S rRNA 1004:1011 16S rRNA 1004:1011 However, phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, atpD and recA gene sequences clearly distinguished strain CC-AMH-0(T) from other representatives of related genera. 25566955 3 24 theme growth 542:547 arg1 saccharification 501:516 enzymatic saccharification 491:516 enzymatic saccharification of cellulose and active growth 491:547 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) exhibited enzymatic saccharification of cellulose and active growth particularly during log-phase under nutrient-limited conditions, whereas enhanced saccharification was found in the declining growth phase under copiotrophic conditions. 25566955 8 25 theme polyphasic 1778:1787 arg1 evidences 1799:1807 polyphasic taxonomic evidences 1778:1807 polyphasic taxonomic evidences 1778:1807 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidences, strain CC-AMH-0(T) is proposed to represent a novel genus and species of the family Phyllobacteriaceae, for which the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25566955 1 26 theme seashore 132:139 arg1 water 141:145 surface seashore water 124:145 surface seashore water 124:145 nov., a cellulose-degrading bacterium of the family Phyllobacteriaceae isolated from surface seashore water, and emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum. 25566955 3 27 theme Strain 462:467 arg1 T 478:478 T 478:478 T 478:478 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) exhibited enzymatic saccharification of cellulose and active growth particularly during log-phase under nutrient-limited conditions, whereas enhanced saccharification was found in the declining growth phase under copiotrophic conditions. 25566955 3 27 theme Strain 462:467 arg1 CC-AMH-0 469:476 Strain CC-AMH-0 462:476 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) 462:479 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) exhibited enzymatic saccharification of cellulose and active growth particularly during log-phase under nutrient-limited conditions, whereas enhanced saccharification was found in the declining growth phase under copiotrophic conditions. 25566955 4 28 theme novel 723:727 arg1 strain 729:734 The novel strain 719:734 The novel strain 719:734 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 6 29 theme sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 29 theme sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 arg1 amounts 1286:1292 major amounts 1280:1292 major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1280:1410 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 29 theme sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 arg1 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 29 theme sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 arg1 phospholipid 1495:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 29 theme sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 arg1 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 29 theme sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1556:1572 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1540:1572 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1540:1572 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 29 theme sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 29 theme sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 arg1 amounts 1468:1474 trace amounts 1462:1474 trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1462:1572 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 29 theme sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 29 theme sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 arg1 aminolipid 1525:1534 an unidentified aminolipid 1509:1534 an unidentified aminolipid 1509:1534 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 29 theme sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 arg1 amounts 1422:1428 moderate amounts 1413:1428 moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine 1413:1456 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 5 30 theme strain 1065:1070 arg1 CC-AMH-0 1072:1079 strain CC-AMH-0 1065:1079 strain CC-AMH-0(T) 1065:1082 However, phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, atpD and recA gene sequences clearly distinguished strain CC-AMH-0(T) from other representatives of related genera. 25566955 5 30 theme strain 1065:1070 arg1 T 1081:1081 T 1081:1081 T 1081:1081 However, phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, atpD and recA gene sequences clearly distinguished strain CC-AMH-0(T) from other representatives of related genera. 25566955 11 31 theme loti 2100:2103 arg1 descriptions 2081:2092 Emended descriptions 2073:2092 Emended descriptions of M. loti and P. myrsinacearum 2073:2124 Emended descriptions of M. loti and P. myrsinacearum are also proposed. 25566955 6 32 theme phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 32 theme phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 arg1 amounts 1286:1292 major amounts 1280:1292 major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1280:1410 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 32 theme phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 arg1 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 32 theme phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 arg1 phospholipid 1495:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 32 theme phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 arg1 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 32 theme phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1556:1572 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1540:1572 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1540:1572 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 32 theme phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 32 theme phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 arg1 amounts 1468:1474 trace amounts 1462:1474 trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1462:1572 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 32 theme phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 32 theme phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 arg1 aminolipid 1525:1534 an unidentified aminolipid 1509:1534 an unidentified aminolipid 1509:1534 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 32 theme phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 arg1 amounts 1422:1428 moderate amounts 1413:1428 moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine 1413:1456 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 8 33 theme strain 1810:1815 arg1 CC-AMH-0 1817:1824 strain CC-AMH-0 1810:1824 strain CC-AMH-0(T) 1810:1827 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidences, strain CC-AMH-0(T) is proposed to represent a novel genus and species of the family Phyllobacteriaceae, for which the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25566955 8 33 theme strain 1810:1815 arg1 T 1826:1826 T 1826:1826 T 1826:1826 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidences, strain CC-AMH-0(T) is proposed to represent a novel genus and species of the family Phyllobacteriaceae, for which the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25566955 1 34 theme emended 152:158 arg1 descriptions 160:171 emended descriptions 152:171 emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum 152:227 nov., a cellulose-degrading bacterium of the family Phyllobacteriaceae isolated from surface seashore water, and emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum. 25566955 6 35 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 35 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 arg1 amounts 1286:1292 major amounts 1280:1292 major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1280:1410 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 35 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 arg1 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 35 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 arg1 phospholipid 1495:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 35 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 arg1 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 35 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1556:1572 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1540:1572 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1540:1572 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 35 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 35 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 arg1 amounts 1468:1474 trace amounts 1462:1474 trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1462:1572 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 35 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 35 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 arg1 aminolipid 1525:1534 an unidentified aminolipid 1509:1534 an unidentified aminolipid 1509:1534 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 35 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 arg1 amounts 1422:1428 moderate amounts 1413:1428 moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine 1413:1456 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 5 36 theme gene 1028:1031 arg1 sequences 1033:1041 gene sequences 1028:1041 gene sequences 1028:1041 However, phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, atpD and recA gene sequences clearly distinguished strain CC-AMH-0(T) from other representatives of related genera. 25566955 6 37 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 37 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 arg1 amounts 1286:1292 major amounts 1280:1292 major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1280:1410 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 37 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 arg1 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 37 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 arg1 phospholipid 1495:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 37 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 arg1 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 37 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1556:1572 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1540:1572 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1540:1572 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 37 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 37 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 arg1 amounts 1468:1474 trace amounts 1462:1474 trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1462:1572 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 37 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 37 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 arg1 aminolipid 1525:1534 an unidentified aminolipid 1509:1534 an unidentified aminolipid 1509:1534 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 37 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 arg1 amounts 1422:1428 moderate amounts 1413:1428 moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine 1413:1456 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 3 38 dep exhibited 481:489 arg1 whereas 614:620 whereas 614:620 whereas 614:620 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) exhibited enzymatic saccharification of cellulose and active growth particularly during log-phase under nutrient-limited conditions, whereas enhanced saccharification was found in the declining growth phase under copiotrophic conditions. 25566955 7 39 theme G+C 1692:1694 arg1 content 1696:1702 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content 1678:1702 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content 1678:1702 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 2 40 theme polyphasic 441:450 arg1 taxonomy 452:459 polyphasic taxonomy 441:459 polyphasic taxonomy 441:459 A Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile cellulolytic bacterium, designated strain CC-AMH-0(T), was isolated from surface seashore water of Hualien, Taiwan and subjected to polyphasic taxonomy. 25566955 4 41 theme sequence 771:778 arg1 similarities 780:791 high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 743:791 high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members 743:961 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 2 42 theme surface 382:388 arg1 water 399:403 surface seashore water 382:403 surface seashore water of Hualien, Taiwan 382:422 A Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile cellulolytic bacterium, designated strain CC-AMH-0(T), was isolated from surface seashore water of Hualien, Taiwan and subjected to polyphasic taxonomy. 25566955 0 43 theme Oricola 0:6 arg1 nov. 29:32 Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov. 0:32 Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov. 0:32 Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25566955 7 44 theme % 1686:1686 arg1 content 1696:1702 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content 1678:1702 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content 1678:1702 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 2 45 theme Taiwan 417:422 arg1 water 399:403 surface seashore water 382:403 surface seashore water of Hualien, Taiwan 382:422 A Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile cellulolytic bacterium, designated strain CC-AMH-0(T), was isolated from surface seashore water of Hualien, Taiwan and subjected to polyphasic taxonomy. 25566955 0 46 theme gen. 24:27 arg1 nov. 29:32 Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov. 0:32 Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov. 0:32 Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25566955 5 47 theme genera 1122:1127 arg1 representatives 1095:1109 other representatives 1089:1109 other representatives of related genera 1089:1127 However, phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, atpD and recA gene sequences clearly distinguished strain CC-AMH-0(T) from other representatives of related genera. 25566955 1 48 theme Phyllobacteriaceae 91:108 arg1 bacterium 67:75 a cellulose-degrading bacterium 45:75 a cellulose-degrading bacterium of the family Phyllobacteriaceae isolated from surface seashore water, and emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum 45:227 nov., a cellulose-degrading bacterium of the family Phyllobacteriaceae isolated from surface seashore water, and emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum. 25566955 1 48 theme Phyllobacteriaceae 91:108 arg1 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov., a cellulose-degrading bacterium of the family Phyllobacteriaceae isolated from surface seashore water, and emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum. 25566955 4 49 theme Phyllobacteriaceae 936:953 arg1 members 955:961 other Phyllobacteriaceae members 930:961 other Phyllobacteriaceae members 930:961 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 7 50 theme Strain 1575:1580 arg1 CC-AMH-0 1582:1589 Strain CC-AMH-0 1575:1589 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) 1575:1592 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 7 50 theme Strain 1575:1580 arg1 T 1591:1591 T 1591:1591 T 1591:1591 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 11 51 theme Emended 2073:2079 arg1 descriptions 2081:2092 Emended descriptions 2073:2092 Emended descriptions of M. loti and P. myrsinacearum 2073:2124 Emended descriptions of M. loti and P. myrsinacearum are also proposed. 25566955 3 52 theme declining 665:673 arg1 phase 682:686 the declining growth phase 661:686 the declining growth phase under copiotrophic conditions 661:716 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) exhibited enzymatic saccharification of cellulose and active growth particularly during log-phase under nutrient-limited conditions, whereas enhanced saccharification was found in the declining growth phase under copiotrophic conditions. 25566955 6 53 theme moderate 1413:1420 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 53 theme moderate 1413:1420 arg1 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 53 theme moderate 1413:1420 arg1 phospholipid 1495:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 53 theme moderate 1413:1420 arg1 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 53 theme moderate 1413:1420 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1556:1572 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1540:1572 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1540:1572 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 53 theme moderate 1413:1420 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 53 theme moderate 1413:1420 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 53 theme moderate 1413:1420 arg1 aminolipid 1525:1534 an unidentified aminolipid 1509:1534 an unidentified aminolipid 1509:1534 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 53 theme moderate 1413:1420 arg1 amounts 1422:1428 moderate amounts 1413:1428 moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine 1413:1456 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 5 54 theme other 1089:1093 arg1 representatives 1095:1109 other representatives 1089:1109 other representatives of related genera 1089:1127 However, phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, atpD and recA gene sequences clearly distinguished strain CC-AMH-0(T) from other representatives of related genera. 25566955 8 55 dep evidences 1799:1807 arg1 the 1765:1767 the 1765:1767 the 1765:1767 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidences, strain CC-AMH-0(T) is proposed to represent a novel genus and species of the family Phyllobacteriaceae, for which the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25566955 8 55 dep evidences 1799:1807 arg1 basis 1769:1773 basis 1769:1773 basis 1769:1773 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidences, strain CC-AMH-0(T) is proposed to represent a novel genus and species of the family Phyllobacteriaceae, for which the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25566955 3 56 located found 652:656 arg1 phase 682:686 the declining growth phase 661:686 the declining growth phase under copiotrophic conditions 661:716 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) exhibited enzymatic saccharification of cellulose and active growth particularly during log-phase under nutrient-limited conditions, whereas enhanced saccharification was found in the declining growth phase under copiotrophic conditions. 25566955 3 56 located found 652:656 arg2 saccharification 631:646 enhanced saccharification 622:646 enhanced saccharification 622:646 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) exhibited enzymatic saccharification of cellulose and active growth particularly during log-phase under nutrient-limited conditions, whereas enhanced saccharification was found in the declining growth phase under copiotrophic conditions. 25566955 10 57 theme species 2018:2024 arg1 strain 1999:2004 The type strain 1990:2004 The type strain of the type species 1990:2024 The type strain of the type species is CC-AMH-0(T) (=JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694(T)). 25566955 10 57 theme species 2018:2024 arg1 CC-AMH-0 2029:2036 CC-AMH-0 2029:2036 CC-AMH-0(T) (=JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694(T)) 2029:2070 The type strain of the type species is CC-AMH-0(T) (=JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694(T)). 25566955 3 58 theme copiotrophic 694:705 arg1 conditions 707:716 copiotrophic conditions 694:716 copiotrophic conditions 694:716 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) exhibited enzymatic saccharification of cellulose and active growth particularly during log-phase under nutrient-limited conditions, whereas enhanced saccharification was found in the declining growth phase under copiotrophic conditions. 25566955 1 59 attach isolated 110:117 arg2 Phyllobacteriaceae 91:108 the family Phyllobacteriaceae 80:108 the family Phyllobacteriaceae isolated from surface seashore water, and emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum 80:227 nov., a cellulose-degrading bacterium of the family Phyllobacteriaceae isolated from surface seashore water, and emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum. 25566955 1 59 attach isolated 110:117 arg1 descriptions 160:171 emended descriptions 152:171 emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum 152:227 nov., a cellulose-degrading bacterium of the family Phyllobacteriaceae isolated from surface seashore water, and emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum. 25566955 1 59 attach isolated 110:117 arg1 water 141:145 surface seashore water 124:145 surface seashore water 124:145 nov., a cellulose-degrading bacterium of the family Phyllobacteriaceae isolated from surface seashore water, and emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum. 25566955 3 60 theme enzymatic 491:499 arg1 saccharification 501:516 enzymatic saccharification 491:516 enzymatic saccharification of cellulose and active growth 491:547 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) exhibited enzymatic saccharification of cellulose and active growth particularly during log-phase under nutrient-limited conditions, whereas enhanced saccharification was found in the declining growth phase under copiotrophic conditions. 25566955 6 61 theme phospholipid 1495:1506 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 61 theme phospholipid 1495:1506 arg1 amounts 1286:1292 major amounts 1280:1292 major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1280:1410 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 61 theme phospholipid 1495:1506 arg1 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 61 theme phospholipid 1495:1506 arg1 phospholipid 1495:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 61 theme phospholipid 1495:1506 arg1 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 61 theme phospholipid 1495:1506 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1556:1572 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1540:1572 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1540:1572 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 61 theme phospholipid 1495:1506 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 61 theme phospholipid 1495:1506 arg1 amounts 1468:1474 trace amounts 1462:1474 trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1462:1572 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 61 theme phospholipid 1495:1506 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 61 theme phospholipid 1495:1506 arg1 aminolipid 1525:1534 an unidentified aminolipid 1509:1534 an unidentified aminolipid 1509:1534 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 61 theme phospholipid 1495:1506 arg1 amounts 1422:1428 moderate amounts 1413:1428 moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine 1413:1456 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 5 62 dep rRNA 1008:1011 arg1 sequences 1033:1041 gene sequences 1028:1041 gene sequences 1028:1041 However, phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, atpD and recA gene sequences clearly distinguished strain CC-AMH-0(T) from other representatives of related genera. 25566955 6 63 theme mentioned 1195:1203 arg1 species 1205:1211 the above mentioned species 1185:1211 the above mentioned species 1185:1211 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 0 64 dep sp 35:36 arg1 nov. 29:32 Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov. 0:32 Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov. 0:32 Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25566955 2 65 theme motile 302:307 arg1 bacterium 322:330 A Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile cellulolytic bacterium 230:330 bacterium 322:330 A Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile cellulolytic bacterium, designated strain CC-AMH-0(T), was isolated from surface seashore water of Hualien, Taiwan and subjected to polyphasic taxonomy. 25566955 10 66 theme T 2053:2053 arg1 T 2068:2068 T 2068:2068 T 2068:2068 The type strain of the type species is CC-AMH-0(T) (=JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694(T)). 25566955 10 66 theme T 2053:2053 arg1 80694 2062:2066 =JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694 2042:2066 =JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694(T) 2042:2069 The type strain of the type species is CC-AMH-0(T) (=JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694(T)). 25566955 4 67 theme  Phyllobacterium 837:852 arg1 IAM 868:870  Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584 837:876  Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %) 837:888 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 4 67 theme  Phyllobacterium 837:852 arg1 T 878:878 T 878:878 T 878:878 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 4 67 theme  Phyllobacterium 837:852 arg1 % 887:887 95.9 % 882:887 95.9 % 882:887 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 10 68 theme 19534 2047:2051 arg1 T 2068:2068 T 2068:2068 T 2068:2068 The type strain of the type species is CC-AMH-0(T) (=JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694(T)). 25566955 10 68 theme 19534 2047:2051 arg1 80694 2062:2066 =JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694 2042:2066 =JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694(T) 2042:2069 The type strain of the type species is CC-AMH-0(T) (=JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694(T)). 25566955 8 69 theme gen. 1957:1960 arg1 nov. 1962:1965 the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov. 1924:1965 the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov. 1924:1965 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidences, strain CC-AMH-0(T) is proposed to represent a novel genus and species of the family Phyllobacteriaceae, for which the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25566955 1 70 theme Mesorhizobium 176:188 arg1 loti 190:193 Mesorhizobium loti 176:193 Mesorhizobium loti 176:193 nov., a cellulose-degrading bacterium of the family Phyllobacteriaceae isolated from surface seashore water, and emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum. 25566955 7 71 theme fatty 1665:1669 arg1 ω7c 1610:1612 ω7c 1610:1612 ω7c 1610:1612 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 7 71 theme fatty 1665:1669 arg1 ω6c 1627:1629 ω6c 1627:1629 ω6c 1627:1629 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 7 71 theme fatty 1665:1669 arg1 acids 1671:1675 predominant fatty acids 1653:1675 predominant fatty acids 1653:1675 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 10 72 dep CC-AMH-0 2029:2036 arg1 T 2068:2068 T 2068:2068 T 2068:2068 The type strain of the type species is CC-AMH-0(T) (=JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694(T)). 25566955 10 72 dep CC-AMH-0 2029:2036 arg1 80694 2062:2066 =JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694 2042:2066 =JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694(T) 2042:2069 The type strain of the type species is CC-AMH-0(T) (=JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694(T)). 25566955 8 73 theme Oricola 1933:1939 arg1 nov. 1962:1965 the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov. 1924:1965 the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov. 1924:1965 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidences, strain CC-AMH-0(T) is proposed to represent a novel genus and species of the family Phyllobacteriaceae, for which the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25566955 8 74 theme family 1887:1892 arg1 Phyllobacteriaceae 1894:1911 the family Phyllobacteriaceae 1883:1911 the family Phyllobacteriaceae 1883:1911 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidences, strain CC-AMH-0(T) is proposed to represent a novel genus and species of the family Phyllobacteriaceae, for which the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25566955 4 75 theme Hoeflea 891:897 arg1 % 923:923 94.0 % 918:923 94.0 % 918:923 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 4 75 theme Hoeflea 891:897 arg1 LMG 906:908 Hoeflea marina LMG 128 891:912 Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) 891:924 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 4 75 theme Hoeflea 891:897 arg1 T 914:914 T 914:914 T 914:914 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 4 76 dep Mesorhizobium 796:808 arg1 loti 810:813 loti 810:813 loti 810:813 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 10 77 theme  =BCRC 2055:2060 arg1 T 2068:2068 T 2068:2068 T 2068:2068 The type strain of the type species is CC-AMH-0(T) (=JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694(T)). 25566955 10 77 theme  =BCRC 2055:2060 arg1 80694 2062:2066 =JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694 2042:2066 =JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694(T) 2042:2069 The type strain of the type species is CC-AMH-0(T) (=JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694(T)). 25566955 6 78 theme major 1280:1284 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 78 theme major 1280:1284 arg1 amounts 1286:1292 major amounts 1280:1292 major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1280:1410 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 78 theme major 1280:1284 arg1 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 78 theme major 1280:1284 arg1 phospholipid 1495:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 78 theme major 1280:1284 arg1 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 78 theme major 1280:1284 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1556:1572 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1540:1572 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1540:1572 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 78 theme major 1280:1284 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 78 theme major 1280:1284 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 78 theme major 1280:1284 arg1 aminolipid 1525:1534 an unidentified aminolipid 1509:1534 an unidentified aminolipid 1509:1534 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 1 79 theme myrsinacearum 215:227 arg1 descriptions 160:171 emended descriptions 152:171 emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum 152:227 nov., a cellulose-degrading bacterium of the family Phyllobacteriaceae isolated from surface seashore water, and emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum. 25566955 1 79 theme myrsinacearum 215:227 arg1 water 141:145 surface seashore water 124:145 surface seashore water 124:145 nov., a cellulose-degrading bacterium of the family Phyllobacteriaceae isolated from surface seashore water, and emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum. 25566955 7 80 theme summed 1632:1637 arg1 ω7c 1610:1612 ω7c 1610:1612 ω7c 1610:1612 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 7 80 theme summed 1632:1637 arg1 feature 1639:1645 summed feature 8 1632:1647 summed feature 8 1632:1647 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 4 81 theme high 743:746 arg1 similarities 780:791 high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 743:791 high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members 743:961 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 6 82 theme lacking 1230:1236 arg1 phosphatidylcholine 1238:1256 significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine 1216:1256 significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1216:1572 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 2 83 theme rod-shaped 271:280 arg1 bacterium 322:330 A Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile cellulolytic bacterium 230:330 bacterium 322:330 A Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile cellulolytic bacterium, designated strain CC-AMH-0(T), was isolated from surface seashore water of Hualien, Taiwan and subjected to polyphasic taxonomy. 25566955 1 84 theme surface 124:130 arg1 water 141:145 surface seashore water 124:145 surface seashore water 124:145 nov., a cellulose-degrading bacterium of the family Phyllobacteriaceae isolated from surface seashore water, and emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum. 25566955 4 85 theme 16S 757:759 arg1 similarities 780:791 high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 743:791 high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members 743:961 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 8 86 theme cellulosilytica 1941:1955 arg1 nov. 1962:1965 the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov. 1924:1965 the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov. 1924:1965 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidences, strain CC-AMH-0(T) is proposed to represent a novel genus and species of the family Phyllobacteriaceae, for which the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25566955 2 87 theme aerobic 262:268 arg1 bacterium 322:330 A Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile cellulolytic bacterium 230:330 bacterium 322:330 A Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile cellulolytic bacterium, designated strain CC-AMH-0(T), was isolated from surface seashore water of Hualien, Taiwan and subjected to polyphasic taxonomy. 25566955 7 88 theme sole 1736:1739 arg1 ω7c 1610:1612 ω7c 1610:1612 ω7c 1610:1612 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 7 88 theme sole 1736:1739 arg1 ω6c 1627:1629 ω6c 1627:1629 ω6c 1627:1629 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 7 88 theme sole 1736:1739 arg1 quinone 1753:1759 the sole respiratory quinone 1732:1759 the sole respiratory quinone 1732:1759 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 11 89 theme myrsinacearum 2112:2124 arg1 descriptions 2081:2092 Emended descriptions 2073:2092 Emended descriptions of M. loti and P. myrsinacearum 2073:2124 Emended descriptions of M. loti and P. myrsinacearum are also proposed. 25566955 8 90 theme taxonomic 1789:1797 arg1 evidences 1799:1807 polyphasic taxonomic evidences 1778:1807 polyphasic taxonomic evidences 1778:1807 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidences, strain CC-AMH-0(T) is proposed to represent a novel genus and species of the family Phyllobacteriaceae, for which the name Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25566955 4 91 theme Mesorhizobium 796:808 arg1 % 834:834 96.2 % 829:834 96.2 % 829:834 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 4 91 theme Mesorhizobium 796:808 arg1 T 825:825 T 825:825 T 825:825 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 4 91 theme Mesorhizobium 796:808 arg1 3471 820:823 Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471 796:823 Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %) 796:835 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 10 92 theme type 1994:1997 arg1 strain 1999:2004 The type strain 1990:2004 The type strain of the type species 1990:2024 The type strain of the type species is CC-AMH-0(T) (=JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694(T)). 25566955 10 92 theme type 1994:1997 arg1 CC-AMH-0 2029:2036 CC-AMH-0 2029:2036 CC-AMH-0(T) (=JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694(T)) 2029:2070 The type strain of the type species is CC-AMH-0(T) (=JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694(T)). 25566955 1 93 theme cellulose-degrading 47:65 arg1 bacterium 67:75 a cellulose-degrading bacterium 45:75 a cellulose-degrading bacterium of the family Phyllobacteriaceae isolated from surface seashore water, and emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum 45:227 nov., a cellulose-degrading bacterium of the family Phyllobacteriaceae isolated from surface seashore water, and emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum. 25566955 1 93 theme cellulose-degrading 47:65 arg1 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov., a cellulose-degrading bacterium of the family Phyllobacteriaceae isolated from surface seashore water, and emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum. 25566955 4 94 theme USDA 815:818 arg1 % 834:834 96.2 % 829:834 96.2 % 829:834 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 4 94 theme USDA 815:818 arg1 T 825:825 T 825:825 T 825:825 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 4 94 theme USDA 815:818 arg1 3471 820:823 Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471 796:823 Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %) 796:835 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 2 95 theme seashore 390:397 arg1 water 399:403 surface seashore water 382:403 surface seashore water of Hualien, Taiwan 382:422 A Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile cellulolytic bacterium, designated strain CC-AMH-0(T), was isolated from surface seashore water of Hualien, Taiwan and subjected to polyphasic taxonomy. 25566955 0 96 theme cellulosilytica 8:22 arg1 nov. 29:32 Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov. 0:32 Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov. 0:32 Oricola cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. 25566955 4 97 theme gene 766:769 arg1 similarities 780:791 high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 743:791 high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members 743:961 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 6 98 theme trace 1462:1466 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 98 theme trace 1462:1466 arg1 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 98 theme trace 1462:1466 arg1 phospholipid 1495:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 98 theme trace 1462:1466 arg1 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 98 theme trace 1462:1466 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1556:1572 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1540:1572 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1540:1572 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 98 theme trace 1462:1466 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 98 theme trace 1462:1466 arg1 amounts 1468:1474 trace amounts 1462:1474 trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1462:1572 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 98 theme trace 1462:1466 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 98 theme trace 1462:1466 arg1 aminolipid 1525:1534 an unidentified aminolipid 1509:1534 an unidentified aminolipid 1509:1534 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 5 99 theme related 1114:1120 arg1 genera 1122:1127 related genera 1114:1127 related genera 1114:1127 However, phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, atpD and recA gene sequences clearly distinguished strain CC-AMH-0(T) from other representatives of related genera. 25566955 1 100 theme family 84:89 arg1 Phyllobacteriaceae 91:108 the family Phyllobacteriaceae 80:108 the family Phyllobacteriaceae isolated from surface seashore water, and emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum 80:227 nov., a cellulose-degrading bacterium of the family Phyllobacteriaceae isolated from surface seashore water, and emended descriptions of Mesorhizobium loti and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum. 25566955 7 101 theme DNA 1688:1690 arg1 content 1696:1702 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content 1678:1702 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content 1678:1702 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 3 102 theme growth 675:680 arg1 phase 682:686 the declining growth phase 661:686 the declining growth phase under copiotrophic conditions 661:716 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) exhibited enzymatic saccharification of cellulose and active growth particularly during log-phase under nutrient-limited conditions, whereas enhanced saccharification was found in the declining growth phase under copiotrophic conditions. 25566955 6 103 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 103 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 arg1 amounts 1286:1292 major amounts 1280:1292 major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1280:1410 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 103 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 arg1 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine 1343:1376 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 103 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 arg1 phospholipid 1495:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 103 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 arg1 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1382:1410 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 103 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 1556:1572 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1540:1572 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1540:1572 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 103 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 diphosphatidylglycerol 1297:1318 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 103 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 arg1 amounts 1468:1474 trace amounts 1462:1474 trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 1462:1572 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 103 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 phosphatidylglycerol 1321:1340 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 103 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 arg1 aminolipid 1525:1534 an unidentified aminolipid 1509:1534 an unidentified aminolipid 1509:1534 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 103 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1433:1456 arg1 amounts 1422:1428 moderate amounts 1413:1428 moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine 1413:1456 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 7 104 contain possessed 1594:1602 arg2 acids 1671:1675 predominant fatty acids 1653:1675 predominant fatty acids 1653:1675 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 7 104 contain possessed 1594:1602 arg1 CC-AMH-0 1582:1589 Strain CC-AMH-0 1575:1589 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) 1575:1592 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 7 104 contain possessed 1594:1602 arg1 T 1591:1591 T 1591:1591 T 1591:1591 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 7 104 contain possessed 1594:1602 arg2 ω7c 1610:1612 ω7c 1610:1612 ω7c 1610:1612 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 7 104 contain possessed 1594:1602 arg2 feature 1639:1645 summed feature 8 1632:1647 summed feature 8 1632:1647 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 7 104 contain possessed 1594:1602 arg2 quinone 1753:1759 the sole respiratory quinone 1732:1759 the sole respiratory quinone 1732:1759 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 7 104 contain possessed 1594:1602 arg2 ω6c 1627:1629 ω6c 1627:1629 ω6c 1627:1629 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 7 105 theme 63.3 mol 1678:1685 arg1 content 1696:1702 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content 1678:1702 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content 1678:1702 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) possessed C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c (summed feature 8) as predominant fatty acids, 63.3 mol% DNA G+C content and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone. 25566955 4 106 theme other 930:934 arg1 members 955:961 other Phyllobacteriaceae members 930:961 other Phyllobacteriaceae members 930:961 The novel strain shared high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471(T) (96.2 %), Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum IAM 13584(T) (95.9 %), Hoeflea marina LMG 128(T) (94.0 %) and other Phyllobacteriaceae members. 25566955 5 107 theme phylogenetic 973:984 arg1 analyses 986:993 phylogenetic analyses 973:993 phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, atpD and recA gene sequences 973:1041 However, phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, atpD and recA gene sequences clearly distinguished strain CC-AMH-0(T) from other representatives of related genera. 25566955 3 108 theme enhanced 622:629 arg1 saccharification 631:646 enhanced saccharification 622:646 enhanced saccharification 622:646 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) exhibited enzymatic saccharification of cellulose and active growth particularly during log-phase under nutrient-limited conditions, whereas enhanced saccharification was found in the declining growth phase under copiotrophic conditions. 25566955 2 109 theme strain 344:349 arg1 T 360:360 T 360:360 T 360:360 A Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile cellulolytic bacterium, designated strain CC-AMH-0(T), was isolated from surface seashore water of Hualien, Taiwan and subjected to polyphasic taxonomy. 25566955 2 109 theme strain 344:349 arg1 CC-AMH-0 351:358 strain CC-AMH-0 344:358 strain CC-AMH-0(T) 344:361 A Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile cellulolytic bacterium, designated strain CC-AMH-0(T), was isolated from surface seashore water of Hualien, Taiwan and subjected to polyphasic taxonomy. 25566955 6 110 theme unidentified 1512:1523 arg1 phospholipid 1495:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 an unidentified phospholipid 1479:1506 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 6 110 theme unidentified 1512:1523 arg1 aminolipid 1525:1534 an unidentified aminolipid 1509:1534 an unidentified aminolipid 1509:1534 In addition, strain CC-AMH-0(T) was distinguished from the above mentioned species by significantly lacking phosphatidylcholine besides accommodating major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and trace amounts of an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25566955 10 111 theme type 2013:2016 arg1 species 2018:2024 the type species 2009:2024 the type species 2009:2024 The type strain of the type species is CC-AMH-0(T) (=JCM 19534(T) =BCRC 80694(T)). 25566955 3 112 theme cellulose 521:529 arg1 growth 542:547 cellulose and active growth 521:547 cellulose and active growth 521:547 Strain CC-AMH-0(T) exhibited enzymatic saccharification of cellulose and active growth particularly during log-phase under nutrient-limited conditions, whereas enhanced saccharification was found in the declining growth phase under copiotrophic conditions. 24246750 18 0 theme study 2129:2133 arg1 results 2113:2119 The results 2109:2119 The results of this study 2109:2133 The results of this study suggest that compromised matrix quality and diminished mechanical properties are features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain. 24246750 15 1 with Consistent 1729:1738 arg1 this 1745:1748 this 1745:1748 this 1745:1748 Consistent with this, we observed that the nondeformity annulus had lower proteoglycan and higher collagen contents. 24246750 6 2 from patients 903:910 arg1 discs 884:888 discs 884:888 discs from surgery patients with spinal nondeformity and deformity 884:949 STUDY DESIGN/SETTING In vitro study comparing the mechanical and matrix properties of discs from surgery patients with spinal nondeformity and deformity. 24246750 6 2 from patients 903:910 arg1 properties 870:879 the mechanical and matrix properties 844:879 properties 870:879 STUDY DESIGN/SETTING In vitro study comparing the mechanical and matrix properties of discs from surgery patients with spinal nondeformity and deformity. 24246750 6 3 theme spinal 917:922 arg1 nondeformity 924:935 spinal nondeformity 917:935 spinal nondeformity 917:935 STUDY DESIGN/SETTING In vitro study comparing the mechanical and matrix properties of discs from surgery patients with spinal nondeformity and deformity. 24246750 9 4 theme energy 1228:1233 arg1 dissipation 1235:1245 energy dissipation 1228:1245 energy dissipation 1228:1245 Dynamic indentation tests were used to determine energy dissipation, indentation modulus, and viscoelasticity. 24246750 2 5 theme pain 301:304 arg1 history 306:312 undefined back pain history 286:312 undefined back pain history 286:312 However, prior studies utilized cadaveric tissues from donors with undefined back pain history. 24246750 16 6 theme deformity 1973:1981 arg1 discs 1983:1987 deformity discs 1973:1987 deformity discs 1973:1987 CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that discs from nondeformity discs have subtle differences in mechanical properties compared with deformity discs. 24246750 15 7 theme nondeformity 1772:1783 arg1 annulus 1785:1791 the nondeformity annulus 1768:1791 the nondeformity annulus 1768:1791 Consistent with this, we observed that the nondeformity annulus had lower proteoglycan and higher collagen contents. 24246750 17 8 theme biochemical 2043:2053 arg1 composition 2055:2065 matrix biochemical composition 2036:2065 matrix biochemical composition for the annulus, but not for the nucleus 2036:2106 These differences were partially explained by matrix biochemical composition for the annulus, but not for the nucleus. 24246750 18 9 theme patients 2261:2268 arg1 discs 2252:2256 discs 2252:2256 discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain 2252:2360 The results of this study suggest that compromised matrix quality and diminished mechanical properties are features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain. 24246750 5 10 theme inferior 706:713 arg1 properties 726:735 inferior mechanical properties 706:735 inferior mechanical properties 706:735 PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that discs from nondeformity segments have inferior mechanical properties than deformity discs owing to differences in matrix quality. 24246750 18 11 theme disc 2301:2304 arg1 replacement 2306:2316 segmental fusion or disc replacement 2281:2316 replacement 2306:2316 The results of this study suggest that compromised matrix quality and diminished mechanical properties are features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain. 24246750 4 12 theme mechanical 441:450 arg1 properties 452:461 mechanical properties 441:461 mechanical properties 441:461 The mechanical properties and matrix quantity of discs removed and diagnosed for degeneration with patient chronic pain may be distinct from those with other diagnoses, such as spinal deformity. 24246750 11 13 theme cross-link 1408:1417 arg1 content 1419:1425 collagen cross-link content 1399:1425 collagen cross-link content 1399:1425 Proteoglycan, collagen, and collagen cross-link content were quantified. 24246750 7 14 theme discectomy 1041:1050 arg1 patients 1052:1059 surgical discectomy patients 1032:1059 surgical discectomy patients 1032:1059 METHODS We analyzed nucleus and annulus samples (8-11 specimens per group) from surgical discectomy patients as part of a fusion or disc replacement procedure. 24246750 2 15 with donors 274:279 arg1 history 306:312 undefined back pain history 286:312 undefined back pain history 286:312 However, prior studies utilized cadaveric tissues from donors with undefined back pain history. 24246750 7 16 dep samples 992:998 arg1 specimens 1006:1014 8-11 specimens 1001:1014 8-11 specimens per group 1001:1024 METHODS We analyzed nucleus and annulus samples (8-11 specimens per group) from surgical discectomy patients as part of a fusion or disc replacement procedure. 24246750 2 17 theme undefined 286:294 arg1 history 306:312 undefined back pain history 286:312 undefined back pain history 286:312 However, prior studies utilized cadaveric tissues from donors with undefined back pain history. 24246750 13 18 theme deformity 1597:1605 arg1 nucleus 1607:1613 the deformity nucleus 1593:1613 the deformity nucleus 1593:1613 RESULTS We observed that energy dissipation was significantly higher in the nondeformity nucleus than in the deformity nucleus. 24246750 1 19 theme disc 165:168 arg1 properties 181:190 disc mechanical properties 165:190 disc mechanical properties 165:190 BACKGROUND CONTEXT It is well-established that disc mechanical properties degrade with degeneration. 24246750 15 20 theme higher 1820:1825 arg1 contents 1836:1843 higher collagen contents 1820:1843 higher collagen contents 1820:1843 Consistent with this, we observed that the nondeformity annulus had lower proteoglycan and higher collagen contents. 24246750 0 21 theme mechanical 84:93 arg1 properties 106:115 different mechanical and matrix properties 74:115 different mechanical and matrix properties 74:115 Intervertebral discs from spinal nondeformity and deformity patients have different mechanical and matrix properties. 24246750 3 22 from absence 415:421 arg1 present 400:406 present 400:406 present 400:406 Disc degeneration may present with pain at the affected motion segment, or it may be present in the absence of back pain. 24246750 14 23 theme Equilibrium 1616:1626 arg1 experiments 1637:1647 Equilibrium dialysis experiments 1616:1647 Equilibrium dialysis experiments 1616:1647 Equilibrium dialysis experiments showed that annulus swelling was significantly lower in the nondeformity group. 24246750 0 24 theme matrix 99:104 arg1 properties 106:115 different mechanical and matrix properties 74:115 different mechanical and matrix properties 74:115 Intervertebral discs from spinal nondeformity and deformity patients have different mechanical and matrix properties. 24246750 7 25 theme annulus 984:990 arg1 samples 992:998 nucleus and annulus samples 972:998 nucleus and annulus samples (8-11 specimens per group) from surgical discectomy patients 972:1059 METHODS We analyzed nucleus and annulus samples (8-11 specimens per group) from surgical discectomy patients as part of a fusion or disc replacement procedure. 24246750 3 26 theme motion 371:376 arg1 segment 378:384 the affected motion segment 358:384 the affected motion segment 358:384 Disc degeneration may present with pain at the affected motion segment, or it may be present in the absence of back pain. 24246750 16 27 from discs 1904:1908 arg1 discs 1880:1884 discs 1880:1884 discs from nondeformity discs 1880:1908 CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that discs from nondeformity discs have subtle differences in mechanical properties compared with deformity discs. 24246750 1 28 dep CONTEXT 129:135 arg1 It 137:138 It 137:138 It 137:138 BACKGROUND CONTEXT It is well-established that disc mechanical properties degrade with degeneration. 24246750 4 29 from those 578:582 arg1 distinct 564:571 distinct 564:571 distinct 564:571 The mechanical properties and matrix quantity of discs removed and diagnosed for degeneration with patient chronic pain may be distinct from those with other diagnoses, such as spinal deformity. 24246750 7 30 theme nucleus 972:978 arg1 samples 992:998 nucleus and annulus samples 972:998 nucleus and annulus samples (8-11 specimens per group) from surgical discectomy patients 972:1059 METHODS We analyzed nucleus and annulus samples (8-11 specimens per group) from surgical discectomy patients as part of a fusion or disc replacement procedure. 24246750 4 31 theme discs 486:490 arg1 properties 452:461 mechanical properties 441:461 mechanical properties 441:461 The mechanical properties and matrix quantity of discs removed and diagnosed for degeneration with patient chronic pain may be distinct from those with other diagnoses, such as spinal deformity. 24246750 4 31 theme discs 486:490 arg1 quantity 474:481 matrix quantity 467:481 matrix quantity 467:481 The mechanical properties and matrix quantity of discs removed and diagnosed for degeneration with patient chronic pain may be distinct from those with other diagnoses, such as spinal deformity. 24246750 18 32 theme matrix 2160:2165 arg1 features 2216:2223 features 2216:2223 features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain 2216:2360 The results of this study suggest that compromised matrix quality and diminished mechanical properties are features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain. 24246750 18 32 theme matrix 2160:2165 arg1 properties 2201:2210 diminished mechanical properties 2179:2210 diminished mechanical properties 2179:2210 The results of this study suggest that compromised matrix quality and diminished mechanical properties are features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain. 24246750 18 32 theme matrix 2160:2165 arg1 quality 2167:2173 compromised matrix quality 2148:2173 compromised matrix quality 2148:2173 The results of this study suggest that compromised matrix quality and diminished mechanical properties are features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain. 24246750 13 33 theme nondeformity 1564:1575 arg1 nucleus 1577:1583 the nondeformity nucleus 1560:1583 the nondeformity nucleus 1560:1583 RESULTS We observed that energy dissipation was significantly higher in the nondeformity nucleus than in the deformity nucleus. 24246750 0 34 theme Intervertebral 0:13 arg1 discs 15:19 Intervertebral discs 0:19 Intervertebral discs from spinal nondeformity and deformity patients 0:67 Intervertebral discs from spinal nondeformity and deformity patients have different mechanical and matrix properties. 24246750 3 35 attach present 337:343 arg1 segment 378:384 the affected motion segment 358:384 the affected motion segment 358:384 Disc degeneration may present with pain at the affected motion segment, or it may be present in the absence of back pain. 24246750 3 35 attach present 337:343 arg2 degeneration 320:331 Disc degeneration 315:331 Disc degeneration 315:331 Disc degeneration may present with pain at the affected motion segment, or it may be present in the absence of back pain. 24246750 7 36 dep METHODS 952:958 arg1 analyzed 963:970 analyzed 963:970 analyzed nucleus and annulus samples (8-11 specimens per group) from surgical discectomy patients as part of a fusion or disc replacement procedure 963:1109 METHODS We analyzed nucleus and annulus samples (8-11 specimens per group) from surgical discectomy patients as part of a fusion or disc replacement procedure. 24246750 9 37 used used 1210:1213 arg2 tests 1199:1203 Dynamic indentation tests 1179:1203 Dynamic indentation tests 1179:1203 Dynamic indentation tests were used to determine energy dissipation, indentation modulus, and viscoelasticity. 24246750 10 38 theme equilibrium 1349:1359 arg1 dialysis 1361:1368 equilibrium dialysis 1349:1368 equilibrium dialysis 1349:1368 Tissue hydration at a physiologic pressure was assessed by equilibrium dialysis. 24246750 6 39 theme surgery 895:901 arg1 patients 903:910 surgery patients 895:910 surgery patients with spinal nondeformity and deformity 895:949 STUDY DESIGN/SETTING In vitro study comparing the mechanical and matrix properties of discs from surgery patients with spinal nondeformity and deformity. 24246750 1 40 theme BACKGROUND 118:127 arg1 CONTEXT 129:135 BACKGROUND CONTEXT It 118:138 BACKGROUND CONTEXT It 118:138 BACKGROUND CONTEXT It is well-established that disc mechanical properties degrade with degeneration. 24246750 5 41 contain have 701:704 arg2 properties 726:735 inferior mechanical properties 706:735 inferior mechanical properties 706:735 PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that discs from nondeformity segments have inferior mechanical properties than deformity discs owing to differences in matrix quality. 24246750 5 41 contain have 701:704 arg1 discs 668:672 discs 668:672 discs from nondeformity segments 668:699 PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that discs from nondeformity segments have inferior mechanical properties than deformity discs owing to differences in matrix quality. 24246750 0 42 theme nondeformity 33:44 arg1 patients 60:67 spinal nondeformity and deformity patients 26:67 spinal nondeformity and deformity patients 26:67 Intervertebral discs from spinal nondeformity and deformity patients have different mechanical and matrix properties. 24246750 6 43 theme discs 884:888 arg1 properties 870:879 the mechanical and matrix properties 844:879 properties 870:879 STUDY DESIGN/SETTING In vitro study comparing the mechanical and matrix properties of discs from surgery patients with spinal nondeformity and deformity. 24246750 0 44 theme deformity 50:58 arg1 patients 60:67 spinal nondeformity and deformity patients 26:67 spinal nondeformity and deformity patients 26:67 Intervertebral discs from spinal nondeformity and deformity patients have different mechanical and matrix properties. 24246750 3 45 located present 400:406 arg2 it 390:391 it 390:391 it 390:391 Disc degeneration may present with pain at the affected motion segment, or it may be present in the absence of back pain. 24246750 3 45 located present 400:406 arg1 absence 415:421 the absence 411:421 the absence of back pain 411:434 Disc degeneration may present with pain at the affected motion segment, or it may be present in the absence of back pain. 24246750 18 46 theme diminished 2179:2188 arg1 features 2216:2223 features 2216:2223 features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain 2216:2360 The results of this study suggest that compromised matrix quality and diminished mechanical properties are features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain. 24246750 18 46 theme diminished 2179:2188 arg1 properties 2201:2210 diminished mechanical properties 2179:2210 diminished mechanical properties 2179:2210 The results of this study suggest that compromised matrix quality and diminished mechanical properties are features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain. 24246750 18 46 theme diminished 2179:2188 arg1 quality 2167:2173 compromised matrix quality 2148:2173 compromised matrix quality 2148:2173 The results of this study suggest that compromised matrix quality and diminished mechanical properties are features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain. 24246750 4 47 theme chronic 544:550 arg1 pain 552:555 patient chronic pain 536:555 patient chronic pain 536:555 The mechanical properties and matrix quantity of discs removed and diagnosed for degeneration with patient chronic pain may be distinct from those with other diagnoses, such as spinal deformity. 24246750 2 48 theme prior 228:232 arg1 studies 234:240 prior studies 228:240 prior studies 228:240 However, prior studies utilized cadaveric tissues from donors with undefined back pain history. 24246750 16 49 theme mechanical 1937:1946 arg1 properties 1948:1957 mechanical properties 1937:1957 mechanical properties 1937:1957 CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that discs from nondeformity discs have subtle differences in mechanical properties compared with deformity discs. 24246750 9 50 theme Dynamic 1179:1185 arg1 tests 1199:1203 Dynamic indentation tests 1179:1203 Dynamic indentation tests 1179:1203 Dynamic indentation tests were used to determine energy dissipation, indentation modulus, and viscoelasticity. 24246750 6 51 with patients 903:910 arg1 deformity 941:949 deformity 941:949 deformity 941:949 STUDY DESIGN/SETTING In vitro study comparing the mechanical and matrix properties of discs from surgery patients with spinal nondeformity and deformity. 24246750 6 51 with patients 903:910 arg1 nondeformity 924:935 spinal nondeformity 917:935 spinal nondeformity 917:935 STUDY DESIGN/SETTING In vitro study comparing the mechanical and matrix properties of discs from surgery patients with spinal nondeformity and deformity. 24246750 16 52 from differences 1922:1932 arg1 properties 1948:1957 mechanical properties 1937:1957 mechanical properties 1937:1957 CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that discs from nondeformity discs have subtle differences in mechanical properties compared with deformity discs. 24246750 4 53 dep properties 452:461 arg1 The 437:439 The 437:439 The 437:439 The mechanical properties and matrix quantity of discs removed and diagnosed for degeneration with patient chronic pain may be distinct from those with other diagnoses, such as spinal deformity. 24246750 12 54 theme Matrix 1444:1449 arg1 structure 1451:1459 Matrix structure 1444:1459 Matrix structure 1444:1459 Matrix structure was assessed by histology. 24246750 4 55 theme other 589:593 arg1 deformity 621:629 spinal deformity 614:629 spinal deformity 614:629 The mechanical properties and matrix quantity of discs removed and diagnosed for degeneration with patient chronic pain may be distinct from those with other diagnoses, such as spinal deformity. 24246750 4 55 theme other 589:593 arg1 diagnoses 595:603 other diagnoses 589:603 other diagnoses 589:603 The mechanical properties and matrix quantity of discs removed and diagnosed for degeneration with patient chronic pain may be distinct from those with other diagnoses, such as spinal deformity. 24246750 6 56 theme In vitro 819:826 arg1 study 828:832 In vitro study 819:832 In vitro study comparing the mechanical and matrix properties of discs from surgery patients with spinal nondeformity and deformity 819:949 STUDY DESIGN/SETTING In vitro study comparing the mechanical and matrix properties of discs from surgery patients with spinal nondeformity and deformity. 24246750 18 57 theme compromised 2148:2158 arg1 features 2216:2223 features 2216:2223 features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain 2216:2360 The results of this study suggest that compromised matrix quality and diminished mechanical properties are features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain. 24246750 18 57 theme compromised 2148:2158 arg1 properties 2201:2210 diminished mechanical properties 2179:2210 diminished mechanical properties 2179:2210 The results of this study suggest that compromised matrix quality and diminished mechanical properties are features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain. 24246750 18 57 theme compromised 2148:2158 arg1 quality 2167:2173 compromised matrix quality 2148:2173 compromised matrix quality 2148:2173 The results of this study suggest that compromised matrix quality and diminished mechanical properties are features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain. 24246750 8 58 dep cohorts 1142:1148 arg1 deformity 1168:1176 deformity 1168:1176 deformity 1168:1176 Tissues were divided into two cohorts: nondeformity and deformity. 24246750 8 58 dep cohorts 1142:1148 arg1 nondeformity 1151:1162 nondeformity 1151:1162 nondeformity 1151:1162 Tissues were divided into two cohorts: nondeformity and deformity. 24246750 8 58 dep cohorts 1142:1148 arg1 cohorts 1142:1148 two cohorts 1138:1148 two cohorts: nondeformity and deformity 1138:1176 Tissues were divided into two cohorts: nondeformity and deformity. 24246750 5 59 theme matrix 782:787 arg1 quality 789:795 matrix quality 782:795 matrix quality 782:795 PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that discs from nondeformity segments have inferior mechanical properties than deformity discs owing to differences in matrix quality. 24246750 7 60 theme procedure 1101:1109 arg1 part 1064:1067 part 1064:1067 part of a fusion or disc replacement procedure 1064:1109 METHODS We analyzed nucleus and annulus samples (8-11 specimens per group) from surgical discectomy patients as part of a fusion or disc replacement procedure. 24246750 19 61 theme motion 2445:2450 arg1 stiffness 2460:2468 reduced motion segment stiffness 2437:2468 reduced motion segment stiffness 2437:2468 These features have previously been implicated in pain via instability or reduced motion segment stiffness. 24246750 17 62 theme matrix 2036:2041 arg1 composition 2055:2065 matrix biochemical composition 2036:2065 matrix biochemical composition for the annulus, but not for the nucleus 2036:2106 These differences were partially explained by matrix biochemical composition for the annulus, but not for the nucleus. 24246750 18 63 theme disc 2322:2325 arg1 degeneration 2327:2338 disc degeneration 2322:2338 disc degeneration 2322:2338 The results of this study suggest that compromised matrix quality and diminished mechanical properties are features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain. 24246750 13 64 dep RESULTS 1488:1494 arg1 observed 1499:1506 observed 1499:1506 observed that energy dissipation was significantly higher in the nondeformity nucleus than in the deformity nucleus 1499:1613 RESULTS We observed that energy dissipation was significantly higher in the nondeformity nucleus than in the deformity nucleus. 24246750 2 65 used utilized 242:249 arg2 studies 234:240 prior studies 228:240 prior studies 228:240 However, prior studies utilized cadaveric tissues from donors with undefined back pain history. 24246750 7 66 theme disc 1084:1087 arg1 procedure 1101:1109 a fusion or disc replacement procedure 1072:1109 procedure 1101:1109 METHODS We analyzed nucleus and annulus samples (8-11 specimens per group) from surgical discectomy patients as part of a fusion or disc replacement procedure. 24246750 9 67 theme indentation 1248:1258 arg1 modulus 1260:1266 indentation modulus 1248:1266 indentation modulus 1248:1266 Dynamic indentation tests were used to determine energy dissipation, indentation modulus, and viscoelasticity. 24246750 3 68 theme Disc 315:318 arg1 degeneration 320:331 Disc degeneration 315:331 Disc degeneration 315:331 Disc degeneration may present with pain at the affected motion segment, or it may be present in the absence of back pain. 24246750 11 69 theme collagen 1399:1406 arg1 content 1419:1425 collagen cross-link content 1399:1425 collagen cross-link content 1399:1425 Proteoglycan, collagen, and collagen cross-link content were quantified. 24246750 7 70 theme fusion 1074:1079 arg1 part 1064:1067 part 1064:1067 part of a fusion or disc replacement procedure 1064:1109 METHODS We analyzed nucleus and annulus samples (8-11 specimens per group) from surgical discectomy patients as part of a fusion or disc replacement procedure. 24246750 15 71 theme lower 1797:1801 arg1 proteoglycan 1803:1814 lower proteoglycan 1797:1814 lower proteoglycan 1797:1814 Consistent with this, we observed that the nondeformity annulus had lower proteoglycan and higher collagen contents. 24246750 4 72 theme matrix 467:472 arg1 quantity 474:481 matrix quantity 467:481 matrix quantity 467:481 The mechanical properties and matrix quantity of discs removed and diagnosed for degeneration with patient chronic pain may be distinct from those with other diagnoses, such as spinal deformity. 24246750 7 73 from patients 1052:1059 arg1 samples 992:998 nucleus and annulus samples 972:998 nucleus and annulus samples (8-11 specimens per group) from surgical discectomy patients 972:1059 METHODS We analyzed nucleus and annulus samples (8-11 specimens per group) from surgical discectomy patients as part of a fusion or disc replacement procedure. 24246750 6 74 from properties 870:879 arg1 patients 903:910 surgery patients 895:910 surgery patients with spinal nondeformity and deformity 895:949 STUDY DESIGN/SETTING In vitro study comparing the mechanical and matrix properties of discs from surgery patients with spinal nondeformity and deformity. 24246750 2 75 theme cadaveric 251:259 arg1 tissues 261:267 cadaveric tissues 251:267 cadaveric tissues from donors with undefined back pain history 251:312 However, prior studies utilized cadaveric tissues from donors with undefined back pain history. 24246750 16 76 theme subtle 1915:1920 arg1 differences 1922:1932 subtle differences 1915:1932 subtle differences in mechanical properties 1915:1957 CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that discs from nondeformity discs have subtle differences in mechanical properties compared with deformity discs. 24246750 3 77 attach present 400:406 arg2 it 390:391 it 390:391 it 390:391 Disc degeneration may present with pain at the affected motion segment, or it may be present in the absence of back pain. 24246750 3 77 attach present 400:406 arg1 absence 415:421 the absence 411:421 the absence of back pain 411:434 Disc degeneration may present with pain at the affected motion segment, or it may be present in the absence of back pain. 24246750 10 78 from pressure 1324:1331 arg1 hydration 1297:1305 Tissue hydration 1290:1305 Tissue hydration at a physiologic pressure 1290:1331 Tissue hydration at a physiologic pressure was assessed by equilibrium dialysis. 24246750 5 79 theme nondeformity 679:690 arg1 segments 692:699 nondeformity segments 679:699 nondeformity segments 679:699 PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that discs from nondeformity segments have inferior mechanical properties than deformity discs owing to differences in matrix quality. 24246750 7 80 theme surgical 1032:1039 arg1 patients 1052:1059 surgical discectomy patients 1032:1059 surgical discectomy patients 1032:1059 METHODS We analyzed nucleus and annulus samples (8-11 specimens per group) from surgical discectomy patients as part of a fusion or disc replacement procedure. 24246750 16 81 dep CONCLUSIONS 1846:1856 arg1 suggest 1867:1873 suggest 1867:1873 suggest that discs from nondeformity discs have subtle differences in mechanical properties compared with deformity discs 1867:1987 CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that discs from nondeformity discs have subtle differences in mechanical properties compared with deformity discs. 24246750 14 82 theme annulus 1661:1667 arg1 swelling 1669:1676 annulus swelling 1661:1676 annulus swelling 1661:1676 Equilibrium dialysis experiments showed that annulus swelling was significantly lower in the nondeformity group. 24246750 15 83 theme collagen 1827:1834 arg1 contents 1836:1843 higher collagen contents 1820:1843 higher collagen contents 1820:1843 Consistent with this, we observed that the nondeformity annulus had lower proteoglycan and higher collagen contents. 24246750 0 84 theme different 74:82 arg1 properties 106:115 different mechanical and matrix properties 74:115 different mechanical and matrix properties 74:115 Intervertebral discs from spinal nondeformity and deformity patients have different mechanical and matrix properties. 24246750 5 85 from differences 767:777 arg1 quality 789:795 matrix quality 782:795 matrix quality 782:795 PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that discs from nondeformity segments have inferior mechanical properties than deformity discs owing to differences in matrix quality. 24246750 3 86 theme affected 362:369 arg1 segment 378:384 the affected motion segment 358:384 the affected motion segment 358:384 Disc degeneration may present with pain at the affected motion segment, or it may be present in the absence of back pain. 24246750 5 87 theme deformity 742:750 arg1 discs 752:756 deformity discs 742:756 deformity discs owing to differences in matrix quality 742:795 PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that discs from nondeformity segments have inferior mechanical properties than deformity discs owing to differences in matrix quality. 24246750 1 88 theme mechanical 170:179 arg1 properties 181:190 disc mechanical properties 165:190 disc mechanical properties 165:190 BACKGROUND CONTEXT It is well-established that disc mechanical properties degrade with degeneration. 24246750 7 89 theme replacement 1089:1099 arg1 procedure 1101:1109 a fusion or disc replacement procedure 1072:1109 procedure 1101:1109 METHODS We analyzed nucleus and annulus samples (8-11 specimens per group) from surgical discectomy patients as part of a fusion or disc replacement procedure. 24246750 14 90 theme dialysis 1628:1635 arg1 experiments 1637:1647 Equilibrium dialysis experiments 1616:1647 Equilibrium dialysis experiments 1616:1647 Equilibrium dialysis experiments showed that annulus swelling was significantly lower in the nondeformity group. 24246750 10 91 theme Tissue 1290:1295 arg1 hydration 1297:1305 Tissue hydration 1290:1305 Tissue hydration at a physiologic pressure 1290:1331 Tissue hydration at a physiologic pressure was assessed by equilibrium dialysis. 24246750 18 92 theme segmental 2281:2289 arg1 fusion 2291:2296 segmental fusion or disc replacement 2281:2316 fusion 2291:2296 The results of this study suggest that compromised matrix quality and diminished mechanical properties are features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain. 24246750 0 93 from patients 60:67 arg1 discs 15:19 Intervertebral discs 0:19 Intervertebral discs from spinal nondeformity and deformity patients 0:67 Intervertebral discs from spinal nondeformity and deformity patients have different mechanical and matrix properties. 24246750 14 94 theme nondeformity 1709:1720 arg1 group 1722:1726 the nondeformity group 1705:1726 the nondeformity group 1705:1726 Equilibrium dialysis experiments showed that annulus swelling was significantly lower in the nondeformity group. 24246750 16 95 contain have 1910:1913 arg1 discs 1880:1884 discs 1880:1884 discs from nondeformity discs 1880:1908 CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that discs from nondeformity discs have subtle differences in mechanical properties compared with deformity discs. 24246750 16 95 contain have 1910:1913 arg2 differences 1922:1932 subtle differences 1915:1932 subtle differences in mechanical properties 1915:1957 CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that discs from nondeformity discs have subtle differences in mechanical properties compared with deformity discs. 24246750 10 96 theme physiologic 1312:1322 arg1 pressure 1324:1331 a physiologic pressure 1310:1331 a physiologic pressure 1310:1331 Tissue hydration at a physiologic pressure was assessed by equilibrium dialysis. 24246750 3 97 from present 400:406 arg1 absence 415:421 the absence 411:421 the absence of back pain 411:434 Disc degeneration may present with pain at the affected motion segment, or it may be present in the absence of back pain. 24246750 19 98 theme segment 2452:2458 arg1 stiffness 2460:2468 reduced motion segment stiffness 2437:2468 reduced motion segment stiffness 2437:2468 These features have previously been implicated in pain via instability or reduced motion segment stiffness. 24246750 5 99 theme mechanical 715:724 arg1 properties 726:735 inferior mechanical properties 706:735 inferior mechanical properties 706:735 PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that discs from nondeformity segments have inferior mechanical properties than deformity discs owing to differences in matrix quality. 24246750 3 100 theme pain 431:434 arg1 absence 415:421 the absence 411:421 the absence of back pain 411:434 Disc degeneration may present with pain at the affected motion segment, or it may be present in the absence of back pain. 24246750 0 101 theme spinal 26:31 arg1 patients 60:67 spinal nondeformity and deformity patients 26:67 spinal nondeformity and deformity patients 26:67 Intervertebral discs from spinal nondeformity and deformity patients have different mechanical and matrix properties. 24246750 4 102 dep discs 486:490 arg1 diagnosed 504:512 diagnosed 504:512 diagnosed for degeneration with patient chronic pain 504:555 The mechanical properties and matrix quantity of discs removed and diagnosed for degeneration with patient chronic pain may be distinct from those with other diagnoses, such as spinal deformity. 24246750 4 102 dep discs 486:490 arg1 removed 492:498 removed 492:498 removed 492:498 The mechanical properties and matrix quantity of discs removed and diagnosed for degeneration with patient chronic pain may be distinct from those with other diagnoses, such as spinal deformity. 24246750 19 103 theme reduced 2437:2443 arg1 stiffness 2460:2468 reduced motion segment stiffness 2437:2468 reduced motion segment stiffness 2437:2468 These features have previously been implicated in pain via instability or reduced motion segment stiffness. 24246750 2 104 from donors 274:279 arg1 tissues 261:267 cadaveric tissues 251:267 cadaveric tissues from donors with undefined back pain history 251:312 However, prior studies utilized cadaveric tissues from donors with undefined back pain history. 24246750 18 105 theme mechanical 2190:2199 arg1 features 2216:2223 features 2216:2223 features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain 2216:2360 The results of this study suggest that compromised matrix quality and diminished mechanical properties are features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain. 24246750 18 105 theme mechanical 2190:2199 arg1 properties 2201:2210 diminished mechanical properties 2179:2210 diminished mechanical properties 2179:2210 The results of this study suggest that compromised matrix quality and diminished mechanical properties are features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain. 24246750 18 105 theme mechanical 2190:2199 arg1 quality 2167:2173 compromised matrix quality 2148:2173 compromised matrix quality 2148:2173 The results of this study suggest that compromised matrix quality and diminished mechanical properties are features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain. 24246750 4 106 theme patient 536:542 arg1 pain 552:555 patient chronic pain 536:555 patient chronic pain 536:555 The mechanical properties and matrix quantity of discs removed and diagnosed for degeneration with patient chronic pain may be distinct from those with other diagnoses, such as spinal deformity. 24246750 15 107 contain had 1793:1795 arg2 contents 1836:1843 higher collagen contents 1820:1843 higher collagen contents 1820:1843 Consistent with this, we observed that the nondeformity annulus had lower proteoglycan and higher collagen contents. 24246750 15 107 contain had 1793:1795 arg1 annulus 1785:1791 the nondeformity annulus 1768:1791 the nondeformity annulus 1768:1791 Consistent with this, we observed that the nondeformity annulus had lower proteoglycan and higher collagen contents. 24246750 15 107 contain had 1793:1795 arg2 proteoglycan 1803:1814 lower proteoglycan 1797:1814 lower proteoglycan 1797:1814 Consistent with this, we observed that the nondeformity annulus had lower proteoglycan and higher collagen contents. 24246750 16 108 theme nondeformity 1891:1902 arg1 discs 1904:1908 nondeformity discs 1891:1908 nondeformity discs 1891:1908 CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that discs from nondeformity discs have subtle differences in mechanical properties compared with deformity discs. 24246750 6 109 theme matrix 863:868 arg1 properties 870:879 the mechanical and matrix properties 844:879 properties 870:879 STUDY DESIGN/SETTING In vitro study comparing the mechanical and matrix properties of discs from surgery patients with spinal nondeformity and deformity. 24246750 0 110 contain have 69:72 arg2 properties 106:115 different mechanical and matrix properties 74:115 different mechanical and matrix properties 74:115 Intervertebral discs from spinal nondeformity and deformity patients have different mechanical and matrix properties. 24246750 0 110 contain have 69:72 arg1 discs 15:19 Intervertebral discs 0:19 Intervertebral discs from spinal nondeformity and deformity patients 0:67 Intervertebral discs from spinal nondeformity and deformity patients have different mechanical and matrix properties. 24246750 13 111 theme energy 1513:1518 arg1 dissipation 1520:1530 energy dissipation 1513:1530 energy dissipation 1513:1530 RESULTS We observed that energy dissipation was significantly higher in the nondeformity nucleus than in the deformity nucleus. 24246750 5 112 from segments 692:699 arg1 discs 668:672 discs 668:672 discs from nondeformity segments 668:699 PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that discs from nondeformity segments have inferior mechanical properties than deformity discs owing to differences in matrix quality. 24246750 6 113 theme mechanical 848:857 arg1 properties 870:879 the mechanical and matrix properties 844:879 properties 870:879 STUDY DESIGN/SETTING In vitro study comparing the mechanical and matrix properties of discs from surgery patients with spinal nondeformity and deformity. 24246750 4 114 theme spinal 614:619 arg1 deformity 621:629 spinal deformity 614:629 spinal deformity 614:629 The mechanical properties and matrix quantity of discs removed and diagnosed for degeneration with patient chronic pain may be distinct from those with other diagnoses, such as spinal deformity. 24246750 9 115 theme indentation 1187:1197 arg1 tests 1199:1203 Dynamic indentation tests 1179:1203 Dynamic indentation tests 1179:1203 Dynamic indentation tests were used to determine energy dissipation, indentation modulus, and viscoelasticity. 24246750 18 116 theme chronic 2344:2350 arg1 pain 2357:2360 pain 2357:2360 chronic back pain 2344:2360 The results of this study suggest that compromised matrix quality and diminished mechanical properties are features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain. 28283474 6 0 dep stored 768:773 arg1 h 735:735 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h 680:735 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg 680:766 Recipient mice were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation. 28283474 6 0 dep stored 768:773 arg1 days 780:783 1-5 days 776:783 1-5 days 776:783 Recipient mice were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation. 28283474 13 1 theme blood 1909:1913 arg1 products 1915:1922 stored blood products 1902:1922 stored blood products 1902:1922 Interventions targeting sphingolipid formation represent a promising strategy to increase the safety and longevity of stored blood products. 28283474 2 2 theme underlying 299:308 arg1 mechanisms 310:319 underlying mechanisms 299:319 underlying mechanisms 299:319 Transfusion-related acute lung injury is mediated by antibodies or bioactive mediators, yet underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. 28283474 6 3 theme sphingomyelinase-deficient 893:918 arg1 mice 920:923 acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice 888:923 acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice 888:923 Recipient mice were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation. 28283474 9 4 theme characteristic 1255:1268 arg1 features 1270:1277 characteristic features 1255:1277 characteristic features 1255:1277 Transfusion of aged platelets into primed mice induced characteristic features of lung injury, which increased in severity as a function of storage time. 28283474 1 5 theme related 183:189 arg1 mortality 173:181 mortality 173:181 mortality related to transfusion 173:204 Pulmonary complications from stored blood products are the leading cause of mortality related to transfusion. 28283474 10 6 theme sphingomyelinase-deficient 1448:1473 arg1 platelets 1475:1483 acid sphingomyelinase-deficient platelets 1443:1483 acid sphingomyelinase-deficient platelets 1443:1483 Ceramide accumulated in platelets during storage, but this was attenuated by ARC39 or in acid sphingomyelinase-deficient platelets. 28283474 7 7 theme injury 1109:1114 arg1 dysfunction 1062:1072 endothelial barrier dysfunction 1042:1072 endothelial barrier dysfunction 1042:1072 Transfused mice were examined for signs of pulmonary neutrophil accumulation, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and histological evidence of lung injury. 28283474 7 7 theme injury 1109:1114 arg1 evidence 1092:1099 histological evidence 1079:1099 histological evidence of lung injury 1079:1114 Transfused mice were examined for signs of pulmonary neutrophil accumulation, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and histological evidence of lung injury. 28283474 7 7 theme injury 1109:1114 arg1 accumulation 1028:1039 pulmonary neutrophil accumulation 1007:1039 pulmonary neutrophil accumulation 1007:1039 Transfused mice were examined for signs of pulmonary neutrophil accumulation, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and histological evidence of lung injury. 28283474 9 8 theme injury 1287:1292 arg1 features 1270:1277 characteristic features 1255:1277 characteristic features 1255:1277 Transfusion of aged platelets into primed mice induced characteristic features of lung injury, which increased in severity as a function of storage time. 28283474 6 9 from addition 820:827 arg1 mice 920:923 acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice 888:923 acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice 888:923 Recipient mice were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation. 28283474 7 10 theme endothelial 1042:1052 arg1 dysfunction 1062:1072 endothelial barrier dysfunction 1042:1072 endothelial barrier dysfunction 1042:1072 Transfused mice were examined for signs of pulmonary neutrophil accumulation, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and histological evidence of lung injury. 28283474 12 11 theme recipient 1668:1676 arg1 mice 1678:1681 primed recipient mice 1661:1681 primed recipient mice 1661:1681 Aged platelets elicit lung injury in primed recipient mice, which can be alleviated by pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of acid sphingomyelinase. 28283474 7 12 theme histological 1079:1090 arg1 evidence 1092:1099 histological evidence 1079:1099 histological evidence of lung injury 1079:1114 Transfused mice were examined for signs of pulmonary neutrophil accumulation, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and histological evidence of lung injury. 28283474 7 13 theme accumulation 1028:1039 arg1 signs 998:1002 signs 998:1002 signs of pulmonary neutrophil accumulation, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and histological evidence of lung injury 998:1114 Transfused mice were examined for signs of pulmonary neutrophil accumulation, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and histological evidence of lung injury. 28283474 1 14 theme blood 133:137 arg1 products 139:146 stored blood products 126:146 stored blood products 126:146 Pulmonary complications from stored blood products are the leading cause of mortality related to transfusion. 28283474 6 15 theme ceramide 944:951 arg1 formation 953:961 ceramide formation 944:961 ceramide formation 944:961 Recipient mice were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation. 28283474 11 16 theme aged 1585:1588 arg1 platelets 1590:1598 ARC39-treated or acid sphingomyelinase-deficient aged platelets 1536:1598 ARC39-treated or acid sphingomyelinase-deficient aged platelets 1536:1598 Compared with wild-type platelets, transfusion of ARC39-treated or acid sphingomyelinase-deficient aged platelets alleviated lung injury. 28283474 2 17 theme bioactive 274:282 arg1 mediators 284:292 bioactive mediators 274:292 bioactive mediators 274:292 Transfusion-related acute lung injury is mediated by antibodies or bioactive mediators, yet underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. 28283474 7 18 theme pulmonary 1007:1015 arg1 accumulation 1028:1039 pulmonary neutrophil accumulation 1007:1039 pulmonary neutrophil accumulation 1007:1039 Transfused mice were examined for signs of pulmonary neutrophil accumulation, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and histological evidence of lung injury. 28283474 11 19 theme ARC39-treated 1536:1548 arg1 platelets 1590:1598 ARC39-treated or acid sphingomyelinase-deficient aged platelets 1536:1598 ARC39-treated or acid sphingomyelinase-deficient aged platelets 1536:1598 Compared with wild-type platelets, transfusion of ARC39-treated or acid sphingomyelinase-deficient aged platelets alleviated lung injury. 28283474 12 20 theme lung 1646:1649 arg1 injury 1651:1656 lung injury 1646:1656 lung injury 1646:1656 Aged platelets elicit lung injury in primed recipient mice, which can be alleviated by pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of acid sphingomyelinase. 28283474 1 21 theme leading 156:162 arg1 complications 107:119 Pulmonary complications 97:119 Pulmonary complications from stored blood products 97:146 Pulmonary complications from stored blood products are the leading cause of mortality related to transfusion. 28283474 1 21 theme leading 156:162 arg1 cause 164:168 the leading cause 152:168 the leading cause of mortality related to transfusion 152:204 Pulmonary complications from stored blood products are the leading cause of mortality related to transfusion. 28283474 4 22 theme aged 508:511 arg1 platelets 513:521 aged platelets 508:521 aged platelets 508:521 Here, we tested the hypothesis that aged platelets may induce lung injury via a sphingolipid-mediated mechanism. 28283474 0 23 theme aged 81:84 arg1 platelets 86:94 aged platelets 81:94 aged platelets 81:94 Acid sphingomyelinase mediates murine acute lung injury following transfusion of aged platelets. 28283474 3 24 from function 438:445 arg1 blood 465:469 stored blood 458:469 stored blood 458:469 Sphingolipids such as ceramide regulate lung injury, and their composition changes as a function of time in stored blood. 28283474 5 25 theme mouse 622:626 arg1 model 628:632 a two-hit mouse model 612:632 a two-hit mouse model 612:632 To assess this hypothesis, a two-hit mouse model was devised. 28283474 3 26 theme stored 458:463 arg1 blood 465:469 stored blood 458:469 stored blood 458:469 Sphingolipids such as ceramide regulate lung injury, and their composition changes as a function of time in stored blood. 28283474 1 27 from products 139:146 arg1 cause 164:168 the leading cause 152:168 the leading cause of mortality related to transfusion 152:204 Pulmonary complications from stored blood products are the leading cause of mortality related to transfusion. 28283474 1 27 from products 139:146 arg1 complications 107:119 Pulmonary complications 97:119 Pulmonary complications from stored blood products 97:146 Pulmonary complications from stored blood products are the leading cause of mortality related to transfusion. 28283474 8 28 from profiles 1130:1137 arg1 platelets 1149:1157 stored platelets 1142:1157 stored platelets 1142:1157 Sphingolipid profiles in stored platelets were analyzed by mass spectrophotometry. 28283474 12 29 theme sphingomyelinase 1766:1781 arg1 inhibition 1727:1736 pharmacological inhibition 1711:1736 pharmacological inhibition 1711:1736 Aged platelets elicit lung injury in primed recipient mice, which can be alleviated by pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of acid sphingomyelinase. 28283474 12 29 theme sphingomyelinase 1766:1781 arg1 deletion 1749:1756 genetic deletion 1741:1756 genetic deletion 1741:1756 Aged platelets elicit lung injury in primed recipient mice, which can be alleviated by pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of acid sphingomyelinase. 28283474 6 30 from mice 920:923 arg1 addition 820:827 addition 820:827 addition 820:827 Recipient mice were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation. 28283474 6 30 from mice 920:923 arg1 inhibitor 854:862 acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 832:868 acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 832:868 Recipient mice were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation. 28283474 6 30 from mice 920:923 arg1 platelets 873:881 platelets 873:881 platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice 873:923 Recipient mice were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation. 28283474 3 31 theme time 450:453 arg1 function 438:445 a function 436:445 a function of time in stored blood 436:469 Sphingolipids such as ceramide regulate lung injury, and their composition changes as a function of time in stored blood. 28283474 0 32 theme Acid 0:3 arg1 sphingomyelinase 5:20 Acid sphingomyelinase 0:20 Acid sphingomyelinase 0:20 Acid sphingomyelinase mediates murine acute lung injury following transfusion of aged platelets. 28283474 1 33 theme Pulmonary 97:105 arg1 cause 164:168 the leading cause 152:168 the leading cause of mortality related to transfusion 152:204 Pulmonary complications from stored blood products are the leading cause of mortality related to transfusion. 28283474 1 33 theme Pulmonary 97:105 arg1 complications 107:119 Pulmonary complications 97:119 Pulmonary complications from stored blood products 97:146 Pulmonary complications from stored blood products are the leading cause of mortality related to transfusion. 28283474 4 34 theme sphingolipid-mediated 552:572 arg1 mechanism 574:582 a sphingolipid-mediated mechanism 550:582 a sphingolipid-mediated mechanism 550:582 Here, we tested the hypothesis that aged platelets may induce lung injury via a sphingolipid-mediated mechanism. 28283474 6 35 theme intraperitoneal 688:702 arg1 h 735:735 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h 680:735 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg 680:766 Recipient mice were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation. 28283474 6 36 theme platelets 873:881 arg1 addition 820:827 addition 820:827 addition 820:827 Recipient mice were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation. 28283474 12 37 theme genetic 1741:1747 arg1 deletion 1749:1756 genetic deletion 1741:1756 genetic deletion 1741:1756 Aged platelets elicit lung injury in primed recipient mice, which can be alleviated by pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of acid sphingomyelinase. 28283474 0 38 theme acute 38:42 arg1 injury 49:54 murine acute lung injury 31:54 murine acute lung injury following transfusion of aged platelets 31:94 Acid sphingomyelinase mediates murine acute lung injury following transfusion of aged platelets. 28283474 4 39 theme lung 534:537 arg1 injury 539:544 lung injury 534:544 lung injury 534:544 Here, we tested the hypothesis that aged platelets may induce lung injury via a sphingolipid-mediated mechanism. 28283474 6 40 theme stored 768:773 arg1 platelets 786:794 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets 680:794 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation 680:961 Recipient mice were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation. 28283474 8 41 theme stored 1142:1147 arg1 platelets 1149:1157 stored platelets 1142:1157 stored platelets 1142:1157 Sphingolipid profiles in stored platelets were analyzed by mass spectrophotometry. 28283474 6 42 theme sphingomyelinase 837:852 arg1 inhibitor 854:862 acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 832:868 acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 832:868 Recipient mice were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation. 28283474 2 43 theme acute 227:231 arg1 injury 238:243 Transfusion-related acute lung injury 207:243 Transfusion-related acute lung injury 207:243 Transfusion-related acute lung injury is mediated by antibodies or bioactive mediators, yet underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. 28283474 6 44 theme Recipient 647:655 arg1 mice 657:660 Recipient mice 647:660 Recipient mice 647:660 Recipient mice were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation. 28283474 9 45 theme platelets 1220:1228 arg1 Transfusion 1200:1210 Transfusion 1200:1210 Transfusion of aged platelets into primed mice 1200:1245 Transfusion of aged platelets into primed mice induced characteristic features of lung injury, which increased in severity as a function of storage time. 28283474 13 46 theme stored 1902:1907 arg1 products 1915:1922 stored blood products 1902:1922 stored blood products 1902:1922 Interventions targeting sphingolipid formation represent a promising strategy to increase the safety and longevity of stored blood products. 28283474 9 47 theme primed 1235:1240 arg1 mice 1242:1245 primed mice 1235:1245 primed mice 1235:1245 Transfusion of aged platelets into primed mice induced characteristic features of lung injury, which increased in severity as a function of storage time. 28283474 13 48 theme products 1915:1922 arg1 longevity 1889:1897 longevity 1889:1897 longevity 1889:1897 Interventions targeting sphingolipid formation represent a promising strategy to increase the safety and longevity of stored blood products. 28283474 13 48 theme products 1915:1922 arg1 safety 1878:1883 safety 1878:1883 safety 1878:1883 Interventions targeting sphingolipid formation represent a promising strategy to increase the safety and longevity of stored blood products. 28283474 1 49 theme mortality 173:181 arg1 complications 107:119 Pulmonary complications 97:119 Pulmonary complications from stored blood products 97:146 Pulmonary complications from stored blood products are the leading cause of mortality related to transfusion. 28283474 1 49 theme mortality 173:181 arg1 cause 164:168 the leading cause 152:168 the leading cause of mortality related to transfusion 152:204 Pulmonary complications from stored blood products are the leading cause of mortality related to transfusion. 28283474 6 50 theme acid 888:891 arg1 mice 920:923 acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice 888:923 acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice 888:923 Recipient mice were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation. 28283474 9 51 theme storage 1340:1346 arg1 time 1348:1351 storage time 1340:1351 storage time 1340:1351 Transfusion of aged platelets into primed mice induced characteristic features of lung injury, which increased in severity as a function of storage time. 28283474 7 52 theme lung 1104:1107 arg1 injury 1109:1114 lung injury 1104:1114 lung injury 1104:1114 Transfused mice were examined for signs of pulmonary neutrophil accumulation, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and histological evidence of lung injury. 28283474 9 53 theme lung 1282:1285 arg1 injury 1287:1292 lung injury 1282:1292 lung injury 1282:1292 Transfusion of aged platelets into primed mice induced characteristic features of lung injury, which increased in severity as a function of storage time. 28283474 7 54 theme evidence 1092:1099 arg1 signs 998:1002 signs 998:1002 signs of pulmonary neutrophil accumulation, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and histological evidence of lung injury 998:1114 Transfused mice were examined for signs of pulmonary neutrophil accumulation, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and histological evidence of lung injury. 28283474 7 55 theme barrier 1054:1060 arg1 dysfunction 1062:1072 endothelial barrier dysfunction 1042:1072 endothelial barrier dysfunction 1042:1072 Transfused mice were examined for signs of pulmonary neutrophil accumulation, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and histological evidence of lung injury. 28283474 1 56 theme stored 126:131 arg1 products 139:146 stored blood products 126:146 stored blood products 126:146 Pulmonary complications from stored blood products are the leading cause of mortality related to transfusion. 28283474 11 57 theme sphingomyelinase-deficient 1558:1583 arg1 platelets 1590:1598 ARC39-treated or acid sphingomyelinase-deficient aged platelets 1536:1598 ARC39-treated or acid sphingomyelinase-deficient aged platelets 1536:1598 Compared with wild-type platelets, transfusion of ARC39-treated or acid sphingomyelinase-deficient aged platelets alleviated lung injury. 28283474 10 58 theme acid 1443:1446 arg1 platelets 1475:1483 acid sphingomyelinase-deficient platelets 1443:1483 acid sphingomyelinase-deficient platelets 1443:1483 Ceramide accumulated in platelets during storage, but this was attenuated by ARC39 or in acid sphingomyelinase-deficient platelets. 28283474 7 59 theme dysfunction 1062:1072 arg1 signs 998:1002 signs 998:1002 signs of pulmonary neutrophil accumulation, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and histological evidence of lung injury 998:1114 Transfused mice were examined for signs of pulmonary neutrophil accumulation, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and histological evidence of lung injury. 28283474 7 60 theme neutrophil 1017:1026 arg1 accumulation 1028:1039 pulmonary neutrophil accumulation 1007:1039 pulmonary neutrophil accumulation 1007:1039 Transfused mice were examined for signs of pulmonary neutrophil accumulation, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and histological evidence of lung injury. 28283474 12 61 theme primed 1661:1666 arg1 mice 1678:1681 primed recipient mice 1661:1681 primed recipient mice 1661:1681 Aged platelets elicit lung injury in primed recipient mice, which can be alleviated by pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of acid sphingomyelinase. 28283474 11 62 theme lung 1611:1614 arg1 injury 1616:1621 lung injury 1611:1621 lung injury 1611:1621 Compared with wild-type platelets, transfusion of ARC39-treated or acid sphingomyelinase-deficient aged platelets alleviated lung injury. 28283474 0 63 theme platelets 86:94 arg1 transfusion 66:76 transfusion 66:76 transfusion of aged platelets 66:94 Acid sphingomyelinase mediates murine acute lung injury following transfusion of aged platelets. 28283474 12 64 theme Aged 1624:1627 arg1 platelets 1629:1637 Aged platelets 1624:1637 Aged platelets 1624:1637 Aged platelets elicit lung injury in primed recipient mice, which can be alleviated by pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of acid sphingomyelinase. 28283474 11 65 theme platelets 1590:1598 arg1 transfusion 1521:1531 transfusion 1521:1531 transfusion of ARC39-treated or acid sphingomyelinase-deficient aged platelets 1521:1598 Compared with wild-type platelets, transfusion of ARC39-treated or acid sphingomyelinase-deficient aged platelets alleviated lung injury. 28283474 9 66 theme time 1348:1351 arg1 function 1328:1335 a function 1326:1335 a function of storage time 1326:1351 Transfusion of aged platelets into primed mice induced characteristic features of lung injury, which increased in severity as a function of storage time. 28283474 13 67 dep safety 1878:1883 arg1 the 1874:1876 the 1874:1876 the 1874:1876 Interventions targeting sphingolipid formation represent a promising strategy to increase the safety and longevity of stored blood products. 28283474 5 68 theme two-hit 614:620 arg1 model 628:632 a two-hit mouse model 612:632 a two-hit mouse model 612:632 To assess this hypothesis, a two-hit mouse model was devised. 28283474 13 69 theme promising 1843:1851 arg1 strategy 1853:1860 a promising strategy 1841:1860 a promising strategy to increase the safety and longevity of stored blood products 1841:1922 Interventions targeting sphingolipid formation represent a promising strategy to increase the safety and longevity of stored blood products. 28283474 11 70 theme wild-type 1500:1508 arg1 platelets 1510:1518 wild-type platelets 1500:1518 wild-type platelets 1500:1518 Compared with wild-type platelets, transfusion of ARC39-treated or acid sphingomyelinase-deficient aged platelets alleviated lung injury. 28283474 3 71 theme lung 390:393 arg1 injury 395:400 lung injury 390:400 lung injury 390:400 Sphingolipids such as ceramide regulate lung injury, and their composition changes as a function of time in stored blood. 28283474 6 72 theme priming 724:730 arg1 h 735:735 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h 680:735 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg 680:766 Recipient mice were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation. 28283474 7 73 theme Transfused 964:973 arg1 mice 975:978 Transfused mice 964:978 Transfused mice 964:978 Transfused mice were examined for signs of pulmonary neutrophil accumulation, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and histological evidence of lung injury. 28283474 12 74 theme acid 1761:1764 arg1 sphingomyelinase 1766:1781 acid sphingomyelinase 1761:1781 acid sphingomyelinase 1761:1781 Aged platelets elicit lung injury in primed recipient mice, which can be alleviated by pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of acid sphingomyelinase. 28283474 13 75 theme sphingolipid 1808:1819 arg1 formation 1821:1829 sphingolipid formation 1808:1829 sphingolipid formation 1808:1829 Interventions targeting sphingolipid formation represent a promising strategy to increase the safety and longevity of stored blood products. 28283474 6 76 theme lipopolysaccharide 704:721 arg1 h 735:735 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h 680:735 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg 680:766 Recipient mice were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation. 28283474 0 77 theme murine 31:36 arg1 injury 49:54 murine acute lung injury 31:54 murine acute lung injury following transfusion of aged platelets 31:94 Acid sphingomyelinase mediates murine acute lung injury following transfusion of aged platelets. 28283474 8 78 theme Sphingolipid 1117:1128 arg1 profiles 1130:1137 Sphingolipid profiles 1117:1137 Sphingolipid profiles in stored platelets 1117:1157 Sphingolipid profiles in stored platelets were analyzed by mass spectrophotometry. 28283474 12 79 theme pharmacological 1711:1725 arg1 inhibition 1727:1736 pharmacological inhibition 1711:1736 pharmacological inhibition 1711:1736 Aged platelets elicit lung injury in primed recipient mice, which can be alleviated by pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of acid sphingomyelinase. 28283474 6 80 theme mg/kg 682:686 arg1 h 735:735 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h 680:735 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg 680:766 Recipient mice were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation. 28283474 0 81 theme lung 44:47 arg1 injury 49:54 murine acute lung injury 31:54 murine acute lung injury following transfusion of aged platelets 31:94 Acid sphingomyelinase mediates murine acute lung injury following transfusion of aged platelets. 28283474 6 82 theme inhibitor 854:862 arg1 addition 820:827 addition 820:827 addition 820:827 Recipient mice were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation. 28283474 2 83 theme lung 233:236 arg1 injury 238:243 Transfusion-related acute lung injury 207:243 Transfusion-related acute lung injury 207:243 Transfusion-related acute lung injury is mediated by antibodies or bioactive mediators, yet underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. 28283474 6 84 theme ml/kg 762:766 arg1 h 735:735 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h 680:735 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg 680:766 Recipient mice were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation. 28283474 6 85 theme acid 832:835 arg1 inhibitor 854:862 acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 832:868 acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 832:868 Recipient mice were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (priming) 2 h before transfusion of 10 ml/kg stored (1-5 days) platelets treated with or without addition of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor ARC39 or platelets from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, which both reduce ceramide formation. 28283474 2 86 theme Transfusion-related 207:225 arg1 injury 238:243 Transfusion-related acute lung injury 207:243 Transfusion-related acute lung injury 207:243 Transfusion-related acute lung injury is mediated by antibodies or bioactive mediators, yet underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. 28283474 8 87 theme mass 1176:1179 arg1 spectrophotometry 1181:1197 mass spectrophotometry 1176:1197 mass spectrophotometry 1176:1197 Sphingolipid profiles in stored platelets were analyzed by mass spectrophotometry. 28283474 9 88 theme aged 1215:1218 arg1 platelets 1220:1228 aged platelets 1215:1228 aged platelets 1215:1228 Transfusion of aged platelets into primed mice induced characteristic features of lung injury, which increased in severity as a function of storage time. 27413046 12 0 theme rRNA 1139:1142 arg1 sequences 1149:1157 16S rRNA gene sequences 1135:1157 16S rRNA gene sequences 1135:1157 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 14 1 theme novel 1914:1918 arg1 species 1920:1926 a novel species 1912:1926 a novel species 1912:1926 The phenotypic and genomic characteristics distinctly indicated that strain CPCC 204076T represents a novel species of the genus Jatrophihabitans, for which the name Jatrophihabitans huperziae sp. 27413046 12 2 theme Jatrophihabitans 1357:1372 arg1 30448T 1385:1390 Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T 1357:1390 Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T 1357:1390 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 12 3 theme Jatrophihabitans 1311:1326 arg1 45908T 1337:1342 Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T 1311:1342 Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) 1311:1351 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 12 3 theme Jatrophihabitans 1311:1326 arg1 % 1350:1350 96.5 % 1345:1350 96.5 % 1345:1350 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 12 3 theme Jatrophihabitans 1311:1326 arg1 % 1398:1398 96.1 % 1393:1398 96.1 % 1393:1398 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 13 4 theme DSM 1668:1670 arg1 45627T 1672:1677 J. endophyticus DSM 45627T 1652:1677 J. endophyticus DSM 45627T 1652:1677 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 4 theme DSM 1668:1670 arg1 % 1649:1649 31±3.1 % 1642:1649 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T) 1642:1678 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 4 theme DSM 1668:1670 arg1 % 1809:1809 70 % 1806:1809 70 % 1806:1809 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 5 theme cut-off 1789:1795 arg1 value 1797:1801 the recommended cut-off value 1773:1801 the recommended cut-off value of 70 % 1773:1809 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 2 6 theme Huperzia 292:299 arg1 serrata 301:307 the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata 272:307 the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata 272:307 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204076T, was isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 12 7 theme DSM 1333:1335 arg1 45908T 1337:1342 Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T 1311:1342 Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) 1311:1351 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 12 7 theme DSM 1333:1335 arg1 % 1350:1350 96.5 % 1345:1350 96.5 % 1345:1350 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 12 7 theme DSM 1333:1335 arg1 % 1398:1398 96.1 % 1393:1398 96.1 % 1393:1398 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 0 8 dep sp 27:28 arg1 Jatrophihabitans 0:15 Jatrophihabitans 0:15 Jatrophihabitans 0:15 Jatrophihabitans huperziae sp. 27413046 2 9 theme medicinal 276:284 arg1 serrata 301:307 the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata 272:307 the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata 272:307 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204076T, was isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 16 10 theme 46866T=NBRC 2078:2088 arg1 110718T 2090:2096 =DSM 46866T=NBRC 110718T 2073:2096 =DSM 46866T=NBRC 110718T 2073:2096 The type strain is CPCC 204076T (I13A-01604) (=DSM 46866T=NBRC 110718T). 27413046 16 10 theme 46866T=NBRC 2078:2088 arg1 204076T 2051:2057 CPCC 204076T 2046:2057 CPCC 204076T (I13A-01604) (=DSM 46866T=NBRC 110718T) 2046:2097 The type strain is CPCC 204076T (I13A-01604) (=DSM 46866T=NBRC 110718T). 27413046 1 11 attach isolated 67:74 arg2 actinobacterium 51:65 an endophytic actinobacterium 37:65 an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 37:154 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 1 11 attach isolated 67:74 arg2 Thunb 148:152 Thunb 148:152 Thunb 148:152 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 1 11 attach isolated 67:74 arg1 tissue 100:105 surface-sterilized tissue 81:105 surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata 81:145 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 1 11 attach isolated 67:74 arg2 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 12 12 theme gene 1468:1471 arg1 sequences 1473:1481 other available 16S rRNA gene sequences 1443:1481 other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures 1443:1518 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 13 13 theme J. 1652:1653 arg1 45627T 1672:1677 J. endophyticus DSM 45627T 1652:1677 J. endophyticus DSM 45627T 1652:1677 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 13 theme J. 1652:1653 arg1 % 1649:1649 31±3.1 % 1642:1649 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T) 1642:1678 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 13 theme J. 1652:1653 arg1 % 1809:1809 70 % 1806:1809 70 % 1806:1809 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 11 14 theme DNA 1038:1040 arg1 content 1046:1052 The genomic DNA G+C content 1026:1052 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CPCC 204076T 1026:1075 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CPCC 204076T was found to be 71.9 mol%. 27413046 11 14 theme DNA 1038:1040 arg1 % 1101:1101 71.9 mol% 1093:1101 71.9 mol% 1093:1101 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CPCC 204076T was found to be 71.9 mol%. 27413046 13 15 theme Jatrophihabitans 1612:1627 arg1 species 1629:1635 the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species 1591:1635 the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species 1591:1635 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 12 16 theme other 1443:1447 arg1 sequences 1473:1481 other available 16S rRNA gene sequences 1443:1481 other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures 1443:1518 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 6 17 dep % 603:603 arg1 w/v 606:608 w/v 606:608 w/v 606:608 Growth was observed at 10-37 °C, at pH 5.0-10.0 and with 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 27413046 12 18 with Jatrophihabitans 1207:1222 arg1 similarity 1246:1255 highest sequence similarity 1229:1255 highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures 1229:1518 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 1 19 theme Huperzia 130:137 arg1 serrata 139:145 the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata 110:145 the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata 110:145 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 8 20 theme diagnostic 827:836 arg1 acid 846:849 the diagnostic diamino acid 823:849 the diagnostic diamino acid 823:849 The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan was of type A4γ. 27413046 8 20 theme diagnostic 827:836 arg1 acid 815:818 meso-diaminopimelic acid 795:818 meso-diaminopimelic acid 795:818 The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan was of type A4γ. 27413046 12 21 theme 16S 1459:1461 arg1 sequences 1473:1481 other available 16S rRNA gene sequences 1443:1481 other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures 1443:1518 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 12 22 theme sequence 1237:1244 arg1 similarity 1246:1255 highest sequence similarity 1229:1255 highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures 1229:1518 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 3 23 theme Sichuan 333:339 arg1 Province 341:348 Sichuan Province 333:348 Sichuan Province 333:348 collected from Sichuan Province, south-west China. 27413046 3 23 theme Sichuan 333:339 arg1 China 362:366 south-west China 351:366 south-west China 351:366 collected from Sichuan Province, south-west China. 27413046 4 24 theme polyphasic 429:438 arg1 approach 440:447 a polyphasic approach 427:447 a polyphasic approach 427:447 The taxonomic position of the isolate was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 27413046 2 25 theme surface-sterilized 243:260 arg1 tissue 262:267 surface-sterilized tissue 243:267 surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata 243:307 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204076T, was isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 13 26 theme J. 1725:1726 arg1 % 1809:1809 70 % 1806:1809 70 % 1806:1809 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 26 theme J. 1725:1726 arg1 30448T 1739:1744 J. fulvus JCM 30448T 1725:1744 J. fulvus JCM 30448T 1725:1744 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 26 theme J. 1725:1726 arg1 % 1722:1722 37±1.7 % 1715:1722 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T) 1715:1745 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 8 27 theme meso-diaminopimelic 795:813 arg1 peptidoglycan 859:871 the peptidoglycan 855:871 the peptidoglycan was of type A4γ 855:887 The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan was of type A4γ. 27413046 8 27 theme meso-diaminopimelic 795:813 arg1 acid 846:849 the diagnostic diamino acid 823:849 the diagnostic diamino acid 823:849 The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan was of type A4γ. 27413046 8 27 theme meso-diaminopimelic 795:813 arg1 acid 815:818 meso-diaminopimelic acid 795:818 meso-diaminopimelic acid 795:818 The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan was of type A4γ. 27413046 12 28 theme Phylogenetic 1104:1115 arg1 analysis 1117:1124 Phylogenetic analysis 1104:1124 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 1104:1157 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 7 29 theme polar 621:625 arg1 fraction 633:640 The polar lipid fraction 617:640 The polar lipid fraction 617:640 The polar lipid fraction consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, a phospholipid, an aminolipid, a glycolipid, an aminophospholipid and phosphatidylinositol. 27413046 14 30 theme genus 1935:1939 arg1 Jatrophihabitans 1941:1956 the genus Jatrophihabitans 1931:1956 the genus Jatrophihabitans 1931:1956 The phenotypic and genomic characteristics distinctly indicated that strain CPCC 204076T represents a novel species of the genus Jatrophihabitans, for which the name Jatrophihabitans huperziae sp. 27413046 6 31 located observed 551:558 arg1 10-37 °C 563:570 10-37 °C 563:570 10-37 °C 563:570 Growth was observed at 10-37 °C, at pH 5.0-10.0 and with 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 27413046 6 31 located observed 551:558 arg2 Growth 540:545 Growth 540:545 Growth 540:545 Growth was observed at 10-37 °C, at pH 5.0-10.0 and with 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 27413046 13 32 theme JCM 1735:1737 arg1 % 1809:1809 70 % 1806:1809 70 % 1806:1809 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 32 theme JCM 1735:1737 arg1 30448T 1739:1744 J. fulvus JCM 30448T 1725:1744 J. fulvus JCM 30448T 1725:1744 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 32 theme JCM 1735:1737 arg1 % 1722:1722 37±1.7 % 1715:1722 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T) 1715:1745 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 11 33 theme mol 1098:1100 arg1 content 1046:1052 The genomic DNA G+C content 1026:1052 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CPCC 204076T 1026:1075 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CPCC 204076T was found to be 71.9 mol%. 27413046 11 33 theme mol 1098:1100 arg1 % 1101:1101 71.9 mol% 1093:1101 71.9 mol% 1093:1101 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CPCC 204076T was found to be 71.9 mol%. 27413046 8 34 theme type 880:883 arg1 A4γ 885:887 type A4γ 880:887 type A4γ 880:887 The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan was of type A4γ. 27413046 16 35 theme CPCC 2046:2049 arg1 110718T 2090:2096 =DSM 46866T=NBRC 110718T 2073:2096 =DSM 46866T=NBRC 110718T 2073:2096 The type strain is CPCC 204076T (I13A-01604) (=DSM 46866T=NBRC 110718T). 27413046 16 35 theme CPCC 2046:2049 arg1 I13A-01604 2060:2069 I13A-01604 2060:2069 I13A-01604 2060:2069 The type strain is CPCC 204076T (I13A-01604) (=DSM 46866T=NBRC 110718T). 27413046 16 35 theme CPCC 2046:2049 arg1 strain 2036:2041 The type strain 2027:2041 The type strain 2027:2041 The type strain is CPCC 204076T (I13A-01604) (=DSM 46866T=NBRC 110718T). 27413046 16 35 theme CPCC 2046:2049 arg1 204076T 2051:2057 CPCC 204076T 2046:2057 CPCC 204076T (I13A-01604) (=DSM 46866T=NBRC 110718T) 2046:2097 The type strain is CPCC 204076T (I13A-01604) (=DSM 46866T=NBRC 110718T). 27413046 1 36 theme surface-sterilized 81:98 arg1 tissue 100:105 surface-sterilized tissue 81:105 surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata 81:145 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 13 37 theme strain 1567:1572 arg1 204076T 1579:1585 strain CPCC 204076T 1567:1585 strain CPCC 204076T 1567:1585 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 14 38 theme CPCC 1888:1891 arg1 204076T 1893:1899 strain CPCC 204076T 1881:1899 strain CPCC 204076T 1881:1899 The phenotypic and genomic characteristics distinctly indicated that strain CPCC 204076T represents a novel species of the genus Jatrophihabitans, for which the name Jatrophihabitans huperziae sp. 27413046 12 39 theme pure 1506:1509 arg1 cultures 1511:1518 validly described pure cultures 1488:1518 validly described pure cultures 1488:1518 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 1 40 theme endophytic 40:49 arg1 actinobacterium 51:65 an endophytic actinobacterium 37:65 an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 37:154 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 1 40 theme endophytic 40:49 arg1 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 1 40 theme endophytic 40:49 arg1 Thunb 148:152 Thunb 148:152 Thunb 148:152 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 13 41 theme soli 1694:1697 arg1 % 1809:1809 70 % 1806:1809 70 % 1806:1809 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 41 theme soli 1694:1697 arg1 45908T 1703:1708 J. soli DSM 45908T 1691:1708 J. soli DSM 45908T 1691:1708 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 41 theme soli 1694:1697 arg1 % 1688:1688 33±2.9 % 1681:1688 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) 1681:1709 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 1 42 theme medicinal 114:122 arg1 serrata 139:145 the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata 110:145 the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata 110:145 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 12 43 theme CPCC 1173:1176 arg1 204076T 1178:1184 CPCC 204076T 1173:1184 CPCC 204076T 1173:1184 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 13 44 theme DNA-DNA 1530:1536 arg1 values 1552:1557 DNA-DNA hybridyzation values 1530:1557 DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species 1530:1635 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 16 45 theme =DSM 2073:2076 arg1 110718T 2090:2096 =DSM 46866T=NBRC 110718T 2073:2096 =DSM 46866T=NBRC 110718T 2073:2096 The type strain is CPCC 204076T (I13A-01604) (=DSM 46866T=NBRC 110718T). 27413046 16 45 theme =DSM 2073:2076 arg1 204076T 2051:2057 CPCC 204076T 2046:2057 CPCC 204076T (I13A-01604) (=DSM 46866T=NBRC 110718T) 2046:2097 The type strain is CPCC 204076T (I13A-01604) (=DSM 46866T=NBRC 110718T). 27413046 11 46 theme strain 1057:1062 arg1 204076T 1069:1075 strain CPCC 204076T 1057:1075 strain CPCC 204076T 1057:1075 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CPCC 204076T was found to be 71.9 mol%. 27413046 2 47 theme novel 159:163 arg1 actinobacterium 176:190 A novel endophytic actinobacterium 157:190 A novel endophytic actinobacterium 157:190 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204076T, was isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 14 48 theme Jatrophihabitans 1978:1993 arg1 sp 2005:2006 the name Jatrophihabitans huperziae sp 1969:2006 the name Jatrophihabitans huperziae sp 1969:2006 The phenotypic and genomic characteristics distinctly indicated that strain CPCC 204076T represents a novel species of the genus Jatrophihabitans, for which the name Jatrophihabitans huperziae sp. 27413046 14 49 theme strain 1881:1886 arg1 204076T 1893:1899 strain CPCC 204076T 1881:1899 strain CPCC 204076T 1881:1899 The phenotypic and genomic characteristics distinctly indicated that strain CPCC 204076T represents a novel species of the genus Jatrophihabitans, for which the name Jatrophihabitans huperziae sp. 27413046 12 50 theme gene 1144:1147 arg1 sequences 1149:1157 16S rRNA gene sequences 1135:1157 16S rRNA gene sequences 1135:1157 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 2 51 theme CPCC 211:214 arg1 204076T 216:222 strain CPCC 204076T 204:222 strain CPCC 204076T 204:222 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204076T, was isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 10 52 theme fatty 968:972 arg1 % 985:985 >10 % 981:985 >10 % 981:985 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27413046 10 52 theme fatty 968:972 arg1 iso-C16  993:1000 iso-C16  993:1000 iso-C16  993:1000 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27413046 10 52 theme fatty 968:972 arg1 acids 974:978 The major cellular fatty acids 949:978 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) 949:986 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27413046 5 53 theme aerobic 464:470 arg1 strainwas 454:462 The strainwas 450:462 The strainwas aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped 450:537 The strainwas aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped. 27413046 10 54 theme major 953:957 arg1 % 985:985 >10 % 981:985 >10 % 981:985 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27413046 10 54 theme major 953:957 arg1 iso-C16  993:1000 iso-C16  993:1000 iso-C16  993:1000 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27413046 10 54 theme major 953:957 arg1 acids 974:978 The major cellular fatty acids 949:978 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) 949:986 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27413046 16 55 theme type 2031:2034 arg1 strain 2036:2041 The type strain 2027:2041 The type strain 2027:2041 The type strain is CPCC 204076T (I13A-01604) (=DSM 46866T=NBRC 110718T). 27413046 16 55 theme type 2031:2034 arg1 204076T 2051:2057 CPCC 204076T 2046:2057 CPCC 204076T (I13A-01604) (=DSM 46866T=NBRC 110718T) 2046:2097 The type strain is CPCC 204076T (I13A-01604) (=DSM 46866T=NBRC 110718T). 27413046 4 56 theme isolate 399:405 arg1 position 383:390 The taxonomic position 369:390 The taxonomic position of the isolate 369:405 The taxonomic position of the isolate was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 27413046 12 57 theme 16S 1135:1137 arg1 sequences 1149:1157 16S rRNA gene sequences 1135:1157 16S rRNA gene sequences 1135:1157 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 13 58 theme endophyticus 1655:1666 arg1 45627T 1672:1677 J. endophyticus DSM 45627T 1652:1677 J. endophyticus DSM 45627T 1652:1677 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 58 theme endophyticus 1655:1666 arg1 % 1649:1649 31±3.1 % 1642:1649 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T) 1642:1678 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 58 theme endophyticus 1655:1666 arg1 % 1809:1809 70 % 1806:1809 70 % 1806:1809 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 59 theme recommended 1777:1787 arg1 value 1797:1801 the recommended cut-off value 1773:1801 the recommended cut-off value of 70 % 1773:1809 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 2 60 theme serrata 301:307 arg1 tissue 262:267 surface-sterilized tissue 243:267 surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata 243:307 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204076T, was isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 8 61 contain contained 785:793 arg2 acid 846:849 the diagnostic diamino acid 823:849 the diagnostic diamino acid 823:849 The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan was of type A4γ. 27413046 8 61 contain contained 785:793 arg2 peptidoglycan 859:871 the peptidoglycan 855:871 the peptidoglycan was of type A4γ 855:887 The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan was of type A4γ. 27413046 8 61 contain contained 785:793 arg1 wall 780:783 The cell wall 771:783 The cell wall 771:783 The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan was of type A4γ. 27413046 8 61 contain contained 785:793 arg2 acid 815:818 meso-diaminopimelic acid 795:818 meso-diaminopimelic acid 795:818 The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan was of type A4γ. 27413046 2 62 theme plant 286:290 arg1 serrata 301:307 the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata 272:307 the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata 272:307 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204076T, was isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 5 63 theme non-spore-forming 506:522 arg1 strainwas 454:462 The strainwas 450:462 The strainwas aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped 450:537 The strainwas aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped. 27413046 12 64 theme lower 1411:1415 arg1 similarities 1417:1428 much lower similarities 1406:1428 much lower similarities (<95.0 %) 1406:1438 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 12 64 theme lower 1411:1415 arg1 % 1437:1437 <95.0 % 1431:1437 <95.0 % 1431:1437 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 4 65 theme taxonomic 373:381 arg1 position 383:390 The taxonomic position 369:390 The taxonomic position of the isolate 369:405 The taxonomic position of the isolate was investigated by a polyphasic approach. 27413046 12 66 theme soli 1328:1331 arg1 45908T 1337:1342 Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T 1311:1342 Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) 1311:1351 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 12 66 theme soli 1328:1331 arg1 % 1350:1350 96.5 % 1345:1350 96.5 % 1345:1350 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 12 66 theme soli 1328:1331 arg1 % 1398:1398 96.1 % 1393:1398 96.1 % 1393:1398 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 5 67 theme rod-shaped 528:537 arg1 strainwas 454:462 The strainwas 450:462 The strainwas aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped 450:537 The strainwas aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped. 27413046 12 68 from cultures 1511:1518 arg1 sequences 1473:1481 other available 16S rRNA gene sequences 1443:1481 other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures 1443:1518 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 6 69 theme % 603:603 arg1 NaCl 611:614 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl 597:614 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl 597:614 Growth was observed at 10-37 °C, at pH 5.0-10.0 and with 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 27413046 5 70 theme Gram-stain-positive 473:491 arg1 strainwas 454:462 The strainwas 450:462 The strainwas aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped 450:537 The strainwas aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped. 27413046 11 71 theme genomic 1030:1036 arg1 content 1046:1052 The genomic DNA G+C content 1026:1052 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CPCC 204076T 1026:1075 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CPCC 204076T was found to be 71.9 mol%. 27413046 11 71 theme genomic 1030:1036 arg1 % 1101:1101 71.9 mol% 1093:1101 71.9 mol% 1093:1101 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CPCC 204076T was found to be 71.9 mol%. 27413046 13 72 theme recognized 1601:1610 arg1 species 1629:1635 the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species 1591:1635 the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species 1591:1635 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 5 73 theme non-motile 494:503 arg1 strainwas 454:462 The strainwas 450:462 The strainwas aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped 450:537 The strainwas aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped. 27413046 12 74 theme available 1449:1457 arg1 sequences 1473:1481 other available 16S rRNA gene sequences 1443:1481 other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures 1443:1518 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 12 75 theme Jatrophihabitans 1260:1275 arg1 % 1307:1307 96.5 % 1302:1307 96.5 % 1302:1307 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 12 75 theme Jatrophihabitans 1260:1275 arg1 45627T 1294:1299 Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T 1260:1299 Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %) 1260:1308 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 2 76 dep isolated 229:236 arg1 Thunb 310:314 Thunb 310:314 Thunb 310:314 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204076T, was isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 12 77 dep Jatrophihabitans 1357:1372 arg1 fulvus 1374:1379 fulvus 1374:1379 fulvus 1374:1379 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 1 78 theme plant 124:128 arg1 serrata 139:145 the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata 110:145 the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata 110:145 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 12 79 theme rRNA 1463:1466 arg1 sequences 1473:1481 other available 16S rRNA gene sequences 1443:1481 other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures 1443:1518 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 12 80 theme DSM 1290:1292 arg1 % 1307:1307 96.5 % 1302:1307 96.5 % 1302:1307 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 12 80 theme DSM 1290:1292 arg1 45627T 1294:1299 Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T 1260:1299 Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %) 1260:1308 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 1 81 theme serrata 139:145 arg1 tissue 100:105 surface-sterilized tissue 81:105 surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata 81:145 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 10 82 dep iso-C16  993:1000 arg1  0 1022:1023  0 1022:1023  0 1022:1023 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27413046 10 82 dep iso-C16  993:1000 arg1 anteiso-C17  1009:1020 anteiso-C17  1009:1020 anteiso-C17  1009:1020 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27413046 10 82 dep iso-C16  993:1000 arg1  0 1002:1003  0 1002:1003  0 1002:1003 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27413046 12 83 theme highest 1229:1235 arg1 similarity 1246:1255 highest sequence similarity 1229:1255 highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures 1229:1518 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 1 84 dep isolated 67:74 arg1 actinobacterium 51:65 an endophytic actinobacterium 37:65 an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 37:154 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 1 84 dep isolated 67:74 arg1 Thunb 148:152 Thunb 148:152 Thunb 148:152 nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 8 85 theme diamino 838:844 arg1 acid 846:849 the diagnostic diamino acid 823:849 the diagnostic diamino acid 823:849 The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan was of type A4γ. 27413046 8 85 theme diamino 838:844 arg1 acid 815:818 meso-diaminopimelic acid 795:818 meso-diaminopimelic acid 795:818 The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan was of type A4γ. 27413046 6 86 theme 0-3.0  597:602 arg1 % 603:603 % 603:603 % 603:603 Growth was observed at 10-37 °C, at pH 5.0-10.0 and with 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 27413046 8 87 theme cell 775:778 arg1 wall 780:783 The cell wall 771:783 The cell wall 771:783 The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and the peptidoglycan was of type A4γ. 27413046 2 88 attach isolated 229:236 arg1 tissue 262:267 surface-sterilized tissue 243:267 surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata 243:307 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204076T, was isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 2 88 attach isolated 229:236 arg2 actinobacterium 176:190 A novel endophytic actinobacterium 157:190 A novel endophytic actinobacterium 157:190 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204076T, was isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 14 89 theme Jatrophihabitans 1941:1956 arg1 species 1920:1926 a novel species 1912:1926 a novel species 1912:1926 The phenotypic and genomic characteristics distinctly indicated that strain CPCC 204076T represents a novel species of the genus Jatrophihabitans, for which the name Jatrophihabitans huperziae sp. 27413046 13 90 theme fulvus 1728:1733 arg1 % 1809:1809 70 % 1806:1809 70 % 1806:1809 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 90 theme fulvus 1728:1733 arg1 30448T 1739:1744 J. fulvus JCM 30448T 1725:1744 J. fulvus JCM 30448T 1725:1744 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 90 theme fulvus 1728:1733 arg1 % 1722:1722 37±1.7 % 1715:1722 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T) 1715:1745 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 7 91 theme lipid 627:631 arg1 fraction 633:640 The polar lipid fraction 617:640 The polar lipid fraction 617:640 The polar lipid fraction consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, a phospholipid, an aminolipid, a glycolipid, an aminophospholipid and phosphatidylinositol. 27413046 14 92 theme genomic 1831:1837 arg1 characteristics 1839:1853 The phenotypic and genomic characteristics 1812:1853 The phenotypic and genomic characteristics 1812:1853 The phenotypic and genomic characteristics distinctly indicated that strain CPCC 204076T represents a novel species of the genus Jatrophihabitans, for which the name Jatrophihabitans huperziae sp. 27413046 14 93 theme phenotypic 1816:1825 arg1 characteristics 1839:1853 The phenotypic and genomic characteristics 1812:1853 The phenotypic and genomic characteristics 1812:1853 The phenotypic and genomic characteristics distinctly indicated that strain CPCC 204076T represents a novel species of the genus Jatrophihabitans, for which the name Jatrophihabitans huperziae sp. 27413046 12 94 theme genus 1201:1205 arg1 Jatrophihabitans 1207:1222 the genus Jatrophihabitans 1197:1222 the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures 1197:1518 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 3 95 theme south-west 351:360 arg1 Province 341:348 Sichuan Province 333:348 Sichuan Province 333:348 collected from Sichuan Province, south-west China. 27413046 3 95 theme south-west 351:360 arg1 China 362:366 south-west China 351:366 south-west China 351:366 collected from Sichuan Province, south-west China. 27413046 14 96 theme name 1973:1976 arg1 sp 2005:2006 the name Jatrophihabitans huperziae sp 1969:2006 the name Jatrophihabitans huperziae sp 1969:2006 The phenotypic and genomic characteristics distinctly indicated that strain CPCC 204076T represents a novel species of the genus Jatrophihabitans, for which the name Jatrophihabitans huperziae sp. 27413046 0 97 theme huperziae 17:25 arg1 sp 27:28 huperziae sp 17:28 huperziae sp 17:28 Jatrophihabitans huperziae sp. 27413046 13 98 theme CPCC 1574:1577 arg1 204076T 1579:1585 strain CPCC 204076T 1567:1585 strain CPCC 204076T 1567:1585 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 99 theme J. 1691:1692 arg1 % 1809:1809 70 % 1806:1809 70 % 1806:1809 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 99 theme J. 1691:1692 arg1 45908T 1703:1708 J. soli DSM 45908T 1691:1708 J. soli DSM 45908T 1691:1708 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 99 theme J. 1691:1692 arg1 % 1688:1688 33±2.9 % 1681:1688 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) 1681:1709 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 10 100 theme cellular 959:966 arg1 % 985:985 >10 % 981:985 >10 % 981:985 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27413046 10 100 theme cellular 959:966 arg1 iso-C16  993:1000 iso-C16  993:1000 iso-C16  993:1000 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27413046 10 100 theme cellular 959:966 arg1 acids 974:978 The major cellular fatty acids 949:978 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) 949:986 The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 27413046 12 101 theme described 1496:1504 arg1 cultures 1511:1518 validly described pure cultures 1488:1518 validly described pure cultures 1488:1518 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 13 102 theme DSM 1699:1701 arg1 % 1809:1809 70 % 1806:1809 70 % 1806:1809 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 102 theme DSM 1699:1701 arg1 45908T 1703:1708 J. soli DSM 45908T 1691:1708 J. soli DSM 45908T 1691:1708 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 102 theme DSM 1699:1701 arg1 % 1688:1688 33±2.9 % 1681:1688 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) 1681:1709 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 14 103 dep Jatrophihabitans 1978:1993 arg1 huperziae 1995:2003 huperziae 1995:2003 huperziae 1995:2003 The phenotypic and genomic characteristics distinctly indicated that strain CPCC 204076T represents a novel species of the genus Jatrophihabitans, for which the name Jatrophihabitans huperziae sp. 27413046 13 104 theme hybridyzation 1538:1550 arg1 values 1552:1557 DNA-DNA hybridyzation values 1530:1557 DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species 1530:1635 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 2 105 theme endophytic 165:174 arg1 actinobacterium 176:190 A novel endophytic actinobacterium 157:190 A novel endophytic actinobacterium 157:190 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204076T, was isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 12 106 dep Jatrophihabitans 1260:1275 arg1 endophyticus 1277:1288 endophyticus 1277:1288 endophyticus 1277:1288 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 11 107 theme G+C 1042:1044 arg1 content 1046:1052 The genomic DNA G+C content 1026:1052 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CPCC 204076T 1026:1075 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CPCC 204076T was found to be 71.9 mol%. 27413046 11 107 theme G+C 1042:1044 arg1 % 1101:1101 71.9 mol% 1093:1101 71.9 mol% 1093:1101 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CPCC 204076T was found to be 71.9 mol%. 27413046 9 108 theme menaquinone 894:904 arg1 system 906:911 The menaquinone system 890:911 The menaquinone system 890:911 The menaquinone system consisted of MK-9(H4) and MK-8(H4). 27413046 11 109 theme 204076T 1069:1075 arg1 content 1046:1052 The genomic DNA G+C content 1026:1052 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CPCC 204076T 1026:1075 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CPCC 204076T was found to be 71.9 mol%. 27413046 11 109 theme 204076T 1069:1075 arg1 % 1101:1101 71.9 mol% 1093:1101 71.9 mol% 1093:1101 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CPCC 204076T was found to be 71.9 mol%. 27413046 12 110 theme JCM 1381:1383 arg1 30448T 1385:1390 Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T 1357:1390 Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T 1357:1390 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CPCC 204076T belongs to the genus Jatrophihabitans with highest sequence similarity to Jatrophihabitans endophyticus DSM 45627T (96.5 %), Jatrophihabitans soli DSM 45908T (96.5 %) and Jatrophihabitans fulvus JCM 30448T (96.1 %), and much lower similarities (<95.0 %) to other available 16S rRNA gene sequences from validly described pure cultures. 27413046 2 111 theme strain 204:209 arg1 204076T 216:222 strain CPCC 204076T 204:222 strain CPCC 204076T 204:222 A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain CPCC 204076T, was isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) 27413046 11 112 theme CPCC 1064:1067 arg1 204076T 1069:1075 strain CPCC 204076T 1057:1075 strain CPCC 204076T 1057:1075 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CPCC 204076T was found to be 71.9 mol%. 27413046 13 113 theme % 1809:1809 arg1 % 1809:1809 70 % 1806:1809 70 % 1806:1809 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 113 theme % 1809:1809 arg1 45627T 1672:1677 J. endophyticus DSM 45627T 1652:1677 J. endophyticus DSM 45627T 1652:1677 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 113 theme % 1809:1809 arg1 % 1649:1649 31±3.1 % 1642:1649 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T) 1642:1678 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 113 theme % 1809:1809 arg1 45908T 1703:1708 J. soli DSM 45908T 1691:1708 J. soli DSM 45908T 1691:1708 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 113 theme % 1809:1809 arg1 value 1797:1801 the recommended cut-off value 1773:1801 the recommended cut-off value of 70 % 1773:1809 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 113 theme % 1809:1809 arg1 % 1688:1688 33±2.9 % 1681:1688 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) 1681:1709 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 113 theme % 1809:1809 arg1 30448T 1739:1744 J. fulvus JCM 30448T 1725:1744 J. fulvus JCM 30448T 1725:1744 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 27413046 13 113 theme % 1809:1809 arg1 % 1722:1722 37±1.7 % 1715:1722 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T) 1715:1745 However, DNA-DNA hybridyzation values between strain CPCC 204076T and the three recognized Jatrophihabitans species were 31±3.1 % (J. endophyticus DSM 45627T), 33±2.9 % (J. soli DSM 45908T) and 37±1.7 % (J. fulvus JCM 30448T), which were all far below the recommended cut-off value of 70 %. 25481441 0 0 theme controlled 104:113 arg1 delivery 115:122 the controlled delivery 100:122 the controlled delivery of rhBMP-2 for bone tissue engineering 100:161 Development of collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffolds incorporating PLGA and alginate microparticles for the controlled delivery of rhBMP-2 for bone tissue engineering. 25481441 7 1 theme specific 1338:1345 arg1 molecule 1359:1366 the specific therapeutic molecule 1334:1366 the specific therapeutic molecule 1334:1366 These platforms have an immense potential in the field of tissue regeneration; by tuning the specific therapeutic molecule to the tissue of interest and by utilizing different collagen-based scaffolds, similar systems can be developed for enhancing the healing of a diverse range of tissues and organs. 25481441 2 2 theme enhanced 615:622 arg1 capacity 624:631 enhanced capacity 615:631 enhanced capacity 615:631 With this in mind, the aim of the present work was to develop a controlled rhBMP-2 release system using collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds, which had been previously optimized for bone regeneration, as delivery platforms to produce a device with enhanced capacity for bone repair. 25481441 1 3 theme controlled 185:194 arg1 delivery 196:203 The spatiotemporally controlled delivery 164:203 The spatiotemporally controlled delivery of the pro-osteogenic factor rhBMP-2 164:240 The spatiotemporally controlled delivery of the pro-osteogenic factor rhBMP-2 would overcome most of the severe secondary effects linked to the products delivering this protein for bone regeneration. 25481441 7 4 theme diverse 1511:1517 arg1 range 1519:1523 a diverse range 1509:1523 a diverse range of tissues and organs 1509:1545 These platforms have an immense potential in the field of tissue regeneration; by tuning the specific therapeutic molecule to the tissue of interest and by utilizing different collagen-based scaffolds, similar systems can be developed for enhancing the healing of a diverse range of tissues and organs. 25481441 7 5 theme immense 1269:1275 arg1 potential 1277:1285 an immense potential 1266:1285 an immense potential in the field of tissue regeneration 1266:1321 These platforms have an immense potential in the field of tissue regeneration; by tuning the specific therapeutic molecule to the tissue of interest and by utilizing different collagen-based scaffolds, similar systems can be developed for enhancing the healing of a diverse range of tissues and organs. 25481441 4 6 theme sustained 896:904 arg1 fashion 906:912 a sustained fashion 894:912 a sustained fashion for up to 28days 894:929 After incorporation of these microparticles into the scaffolds, rhBMP-2 was delivered in a sustained fashion for up to 28days. 25481441 3 7 theme bioactive 712:720 arg1 rhBMP-2 722:728 bioactive rhBMP-2 712:728 bioactive rhBMP-2 in alginate and PLGA microparticles 712:764 Spray-drying and emulsion techniques were used to encapsulate bioactive rhBMP-2 in alginate and PLGA microparticles, with a high encapsulation efficiency. 25481441 5 8 theme eluting 977:983 arg1 materials 985:993 these eluting materials 971:993 these eluting materials 971:993 When tested in vitro with osteoblasts, these eluting materials showed an enhanced pro-osteogenic effect. 25481441 7 9 theme collagen-based 1421:1434 arg1 scaffolds 1436:1444 different collagen-based scaffolds 1411:1444 different collagen-based scaffolds 1411:1444 These platforms have an immense potential in the field of tissue regeneration; by tuning the specific therapeutic molecule to the tissue of interest and by utilizing different collagen-based scaffolds, similar systems can be developed for enhancing the healing of a diverse range of tissues and organs. 25481441 3 10 theme PLGA 746:749 arg1 microparticles 751:764 alginate and PLGA microparticles 733:764 microparticles 751:764 Spray-drying and emulsion techniques were used to encapsulate bioactive rhBMP-2 in alginate and PLGA microparticles, with a high encapsulation efficiency. 25481441 7 11 from potential 1277:1285 arg1 field 1294:1298 the field 1290:1298 the field of tissue regeneration 1290:1321 These platforms have an immense potential in the field of tissue regeneration; by tuning the specific therapeutic molecule to the tissue of interest and by utilizing different collagen-based scaffolds, similar systems can be developed for enhancing the healing of a diverse range of tissues and organs. 25481441 2 12 with device 603:608 arg1 capacity 624:631 enhanced capacity 615:631 enhanced capacity 615:631 With this in mind, the aim of the present work was to develop a controlled rhBMP-2 release system using collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds, which had been previously optimized for bone regeneration, as delivery platforms to produce a device with enhanced capacity for bone repair. 25481441 7 13 theme similar 1447:1453 arg1 systems 1455:1461 similar systems 1447:1461 similar systems 1447:1461 These platforms have an immense potential in the field of tissue regeneration; by tuning the specific therapeutic molecule to the tissue of interest and by utilizing different collagen-based scaffolds, similar systems can be developed for enhancing the healing of a diverse range of tissues and organs. 25481441 2 14 theme present 398:404 arg1 work 406:409 the present work 394:409 the present work 394:409 With this in mind, the aim of the present work was to develop a controlled rhBMP-2 release system using collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds, which had been previously optimized for bone regeneration, as delivery platforms to produce a device with enhanced capacity for bone repair. 25481441 7 15 theme therapeutic 1347:1357 arg1 molecule 1359:1366 the specific therapeutic molecule 1334:1366 the specific therapeutic molecule 1334:1366 These platforms have an immense potential in the field of tissue regeneration; by tuning the specific therapeutic molecule to the tissue of interest and by utilizing different collagen-based scaffolds, similar systems can be developed for enhancing the healing of a diverse range of tissues and organs. 25481441 0 16 theme rhBMP-2 127:133 arg1 delivery 115:122 the controlled delivery 100:122 the controlled delivery of rhBMP-2 for bone tissue engineering 100:161 Development of collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffolds incorporating PLGA and alginate microparticles for the controlled delivery of rhBMP-2 for bone tissue engineering. 25481441 3 17 theme alginate 733:740 arg1 microparticles 751:764 alginate and PLGA microparticles 733:764 microparticles 751:764 Spray-drying and emulsion techniques were used to encapsulate bioactive rhBMP-2 in alginate and PLGA microparticles, with a high encapsulation efficiency. 25481441 2 18 theme bone 637:640 arg1 repair 642:647 bone repair 637:647 bone repair 637:647 With this in mind, the aim of the present work was to develop a controlled rhBMP-2 release system using collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds, which had been previously optimized for bone regeneration, as delivery platforms to produce a device with enhanced capacity for bone repair. 25481441 2 19 theme work 406:409 arg1 aim 387:389 the aim 383:389 the aim of the present work 383:409 With this in mind, the aim of the present work was to develop a controlled rhBMP-2 release system using collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds, which had been previously optimized for bone regeneration, as delivery platforms to produce a device with enhanced capacity for bone repair. 25481441 7 20 theme regeneration 1310:1321 arg1 field 1294:1298 the field 1290:1298 the field of tissue regeneration 1290:1321 These platforms have an immense potential in the field of tissue regeneration; by tuning the specific therapeutic molecule to the tissue of interest and by utilizing different collagen-based scaffolds, similar systems can be developed for enhancing the healing of a diverse range of tissues and organs. 25481441 1 21 theme pro-osteogenic 212:225 arg1 rhBMP-2 234:240 the pro-osteogenic factor rhBMP-2 208:240 the pro-osteogenic factor rhBMP-2 208:240 The spatiotemporally controlled delivery of the pro-osteogenic factor rhBMP-2 would overcome most of the severe secondary effects linked to the products delivering this protein for bone regeneration. 25481441 1 22 theme factor 227:232 arg1 rhBMP-2 234:240 the pro-osteogenic factor rhBMP-2 208:240 the pro-osteogenic factor rhBMP-2 208:240 The spatiotemporally controlled delivery of the pro-osteogenic factor rhBMP-2 would overcome most of the severe secondary effects linked to the products delivering this protein for bone regeneration. 25481441 2 23 theme release 447:453 arg1 system 455:460 a controlled rhBMP-2 release system 426:460 a controlled rhBMP-2 release system using collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds 426:506 With this in mind, the aim of the present work was to develop a controlled rhBMP-2 release system using collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds, which had been previously optimized for bone regeneration, as delivery platforms to produce a device with enhanced capacity for bone repair. 25481441 3 24 theme high 774:777 arg1 efficiency 793:802 a high encapsulation efficiency 772:802 a high encapsulation efficiency 772:802 Spray-drying and emulsion techniques were used to encapsulate bioactive rhBMP-2 in alginate and PLGA microparticles, with a high encapsulation efficiency. 25481441 0 25 theme tissue 144:149 arg1 engineering 151:161 bone tissue engineering 139:161 bone tissue engineering 139:161 Development of collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffolds incorporating PLGA and alginate microparticles for the controlled delivery of rhBMP-2 for bone tissue engineering. 25481441 7 26 theme different 1411:1419 arg1 scaffolds 1436:1444 different collagen-based scaffolds 1411:1444 different collagen-based scaffolds 1411:1444 These platforms have an immense potential in the field of tissue regeneration; by tuning the specific therapeutic molecule to the tissue of interest and by utilizing different collagen-based scaffolds, similar systems can be developed for enhancing the healing of a diverse range of tissues and organs. 25481441 1 27 theme rhBMP-2 234:240 arg1 delivery 196:203 The spatiotemporally controlled delivery 164:203 The spatiotemporally controlled delivery of the pro-osteogenic factor rhBMP-2 164:240 The spatiotemporally controlled delivery of the pro-osteogenic factor rhBMP-2 would overcome most of the severe secondary effects linked to the products delivering this protein for bone regeneration. 25481441 2 28 theme rhBMP-2 439:445 arg1 system 455:460 a controlled rhBMP-2 release system 426:460 a controlled rhBMP-2 release system using collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds 426:506 With this in mind, the aim of the present work was to develop a controlled rhBMP-2 release system using collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds, which had been previously optimized for bone regeneration, as delivery platforms to produce a device with enhanced capacity for bone repair. 25481441 0 29 theme bone 139:142 arg1 engineering 151:161 bone tissue engineering 139:161 bone tissue engineering 139:161 Development of collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffolds incorporating PLGA and alginate microparticles for the controlled delivery of rhBMP-2 for bone tissue engineering. 25481441 6 30 theme excellent 1209:1217 arg1 capacity 1227:1234 an excellent healing capacity 1206:1234 an excellent healing capacity 1206:1234 From these results, an optimal rhBMP-2 eluting scaffold composition was selected and implanted in critical-sized calvarial defects in a rat model, where it demonstrated an excellent healing capacity in vivo. 25481441 6 31 theme rat 1173:1175 arg1 model 1177:1181 a rat model 1171:1181 a rat model 1171:1181 From these results, an optimal rhBMP-2 eluting scaffold composition was selected and implanted in critical-sized calvarial defects in a rat model, where it demonstrated an excellent healing capacity in vivo. 25481441 3 32 theme emulsion 667:674 arg1 techniques 676:685 Spray-drying and emulsion techniques 650:685 Spray-drying and emulsion techniques 650:685 Spray-drying and emulsion techniques were used to encapsulate bioactive rhBMP-2 in alginate and PLGA microparticles, with a high encapsulation efficiency. 25481441 6 33 theme healing 1219:1225 arg1 capacity 1227:1234 an excellent healing capacity 1206:1234 an excellent healing capacity 1206:1234 From these results, an optimal rhBMP-2 eluting scaffold composition was selected and implanted in critical-sized calvarial defects in a rat model, where it demonstrated an excellent healing capacity in vivo. 25481441 6 34 theme optimal 1060:1066 arg1 rhBMP-2 1068:1074 an optimal rhBMP-2 1057:1074 an optimal rhBMP-2 eluting scaffold composition 1057:1103 From these results, an optimal rhBMP-2 eluting scaffold composition was selected and implanted in critical-sized calvarial defects in a rat model, where it demonstrated an excellent healing capacity in vivo. 25481441 2 35 theme bone 549:552 arg1 regeneration 554:565 bone regeneration 549:565 bone regeneration 549:565 With this in mind, the aim of the present work was to develop a controlled rhBMP-2 release system using collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds, which had been previously optimized for bone regeneration, as delivery platforms to produce a device with enhanced capacity for bone repair. 25481441 7 36 theme organs 1540:1545 arg1 range 1519:1523 a diverse range 1509:1523 a diverse range of tissues and organs 1509:1545 These platforms have an immense potential in the field of tissue regeneration; by tuning the specific therapeutic molecule to the tissue of interest and by utilizing different collagen-based scaffolds, similar systems can be developed for enhancing the healing of a diverse range of tissues and organs. 25481441 0 37 theme scaffolds 39:47 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffolds incorporating PLGA and alginate microparticles for the controlled delivery of rhBMP-2 for bone tissue engineering. 0:162 Development of collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffolds incorporating PLGA and alginate microparticles for the controlled delivery of rhBMP-2 for bone tissue engineering. 25481441 0 38 theme alginate 72:79 arg1 microparticles 81:94 alginate microparticles 72:94 alginate microparticles 72:94 Development of collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffolds incorporating PLGA and alginate microparticles for the controlled delivery of rhBMP-2 for bone tissue engineering. 25481441 1 39 theme bone 345:348 arg1 regeneration 350:361 bone regeneration 345:361 bone regeneration 345:361 The spatiotemporally controlled delivery of the pro-osteogenic factor rhBMP-2 would overcome most of the severe secondary effects linked to the products delivering this protein for bone regeneration. 25481441 3 40 theme Spray-drying 650:661 arg1 techniques 676:685 Spray-drying and emulsion techniques 650:685 Spray-drying and emulsion techniques 650:685 Spray-drying and emulsion techniques were used to encapsulate bioactive rhBMP-2 in alginate and PLGA microparticles, with a high encapsulation efficiency. 25481441 7 41 theme interest 1385:1392 arg1 tissue 1375:1380 the tissue 1371:1380 the tissue of interest 1371:1392 These platforms have an immense potential in the field of tissue regeneration; by tuning the specific therapeutic molecule to the tissue of interest and by utilizing different collagen-based scaffolds, similar systems can be developed for enhancing the healing of a diverse range of tissues and organs. 25481441 2 42 theme collagen-hydroxyapatite 468:490 arg1 scaffolds 498:506 collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds 468:506 collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds 468:506 With this in mind, the aim of the present work was to develop a controlled rhBMP-2 release system using collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds, which had been previously optimized for bone regeneration, as delivery platforms to produce a device with enhanced capacity for bone repair. 25481441 3 43 theme encapsulation 779:791 arg1 efficiency 793:802 a high encapsulation efficiency 772:802 a high encapsulation efficiency 772:802 Spray-drying and emulsion techniques were used to encapsulate bioactive rhBMP-2 in alginate and PLGA microparticles, with a high encapsulation efficiency. 25481441 6 44 theme scaffold 1084:1091 arg1 composition 1093:1103 scaffold composition 1084:1103 scaffold composition 1084:1103 From these results, an optimal rhBMP-2 eluting scaffold composition was selected and implanted in critical-sized calvarial defects in a rat model, where it demonstrated an excellent healing capacity in vivo. 25481441 7 45 theme tissues 1528:1534 arg1 range 1519:1523 a diverse range 1509:1523 a diverse range of tissues and organs 1509:1545 These platforms have an immense potential in the field of tissue regeneration; by tuning the specific therapeutic molecule to the tissue of interest and by utilizing different collagen-based scaffolds, similar systems can be developed for enhancing the healing of a diverse range of tissues and organs. 25481441 7 46 theme tissue 1303:1308 arg1 regeneration 1310:1321 tissue regeneration 1303:1321 tissue regeneration 1303:1321 These platforms have an immense potential in the field of tissue regeneration; by tuning the specific therapeutic molecule to the tissue of interest and by utilizing different collagen-based scaffolds, similar systems can be developed for enhancing the healing of a diverse range of tissues and organs. 25481441 3 47 used used 692:695 arg2 techniques 676:685 Spray-drying and emulsion techniques 650:685 Spray-drying and emulsion techniques 650:685 Spray-drying and emulsion techniques were used to encapsulate bioactive rhBMP-2 in alginate and PLGA microparticles, with a high encapsulation efficiency. 25481441 5 48 theme enhanced 1005:1012 arg1 effect 1029:1034 an enhanced pro-osteogenic effect 1002:1034 an enhanced pro-osteogenic effect 1002:1034 When tested in vitro with osteoblasts, these eluting materials showed an enhanced pro-osteogenic effect. 25481441 1 49 attach linked 294:299 arg1 products 308:315 the products 304:315 the products delivering this protein for bone regeneration 304:361 The spatiotemporally controlled delivery of the pro-osteogenic factor rhBMP-2 would overcome most of the severe secondary effects linked to the products delivering this protein for bone regeneration. 25481441 1 49 attach linked 294:299 arg2 effects 286:292 the severe secondary effects 265:292 the severe secondary effects linked to the products delivering this protein for bone regeneration 265:361 The spatiotemporally controlled delivery of the pro-osteogenic factor rhBMP-2 would overcome most of the severe secondary effects linked to the products delivering this protein for bone regeneration. 25481441 2 50 theme delivery 571:578 arg1 which 509:513 which 509:513 which 509:513 With this in mind, the aim of the present work was to develop a controlled rhBMP-2 release system using collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds, which had been previously optimized for bone regeneration, as delivery platforms to produce a device with enhanced capacity for bone repair. 25481441 2 50 theme delivery 571:578 arg1 platforms 580:588 delivery platforms 571:588 delivery platforms to produce a device with enhanced capacity for bone repair 571:647 With this in mind, the aim of the present work was to develop a controlled rhBMP-2 release system using collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds, which had been previously optimized for bone regeneration, as delivery platforms to produce a device with enhanced capacity for bone repair. 25481441 7 51 theme range 1519:1523 arg1 healing 1498:1504 the healing 1494:1504 the healing of a diverse range of tissues and organs 1494:1545 These platforms have an immense potential in the field of tissue regeneration; by tuning the specific therapeutic molecule to the tissue of interest and by utilizing different collagen-based scaffolds, similar systems can be developed for enhancing the healing of a diverse range of tissues and organs. 25481441 5 52 theme pro-osteogenic 1014:1027 arg1 effect 1029:1034 an enhanced pro-osteogenic effect 1002:1034 an enhanced pro-osteogenic effect 1002:1034 When tested in vitro with osteoblasts, these eluting materials showed an enhanced pro-osteogenic effect. 25481441 6 53 theme calvarial 1150:1158 arg1 defects 1160:1166 critical-sized calvarial defects 1135:1166 critical-sized calvarial defects 1135:1166 From these results, an optimal rhBMP-2 eluting scaffold composition was selected and implanted in critical-sized calvarial defects in a rat model, where it demonstrated an excellent healing capacity in vivo. 25481441 2 54 dep platforms 580:588 arg1 produce 593:599 produce 593:599 to produce a device with enhanced capacity for bone repair 590:647 With this in mind, the aim of the present work was to develop a controlled rhBMP-2 release system using collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds, which had been previously optimized for bone regeneration, as delivery platforms to produce a device with enhanced capacity for bone repair. 25481441 4 55 theme microparticles 834:847 arg1 incorporation 811:823 incorporation 811:823 incorporation of these microparticles into the scaffolds 811:866 After incorporation of these microparticles into the scaffolds, rhBMP-2 was delivered in a sustained fashion for up to 28days. 25481441 2 56 theme controlled 428:437 arg1 system 455:460 a controlled rhBMP-2 release system 426:460 a controlled rhBMP-2 release system using collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds 426:506 With this in mind, the aim of the present work was to develop a controlled rhBMP-2 release system using collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds, which had been previously optimized for bone regeneration, as delivery platforms to produce a device with enhanced capacity for bone repair. 25481441 6 57 theme critical-sized 1135:1148 arg1 defects 1160:1166 critical-sized calvarial defects 1135:1166 critical-sized calvarial defects 1135:1166 From these results, an optimal rhBMP-2 eluting scaffold composition was selected and implanted in critical-sized calvarial defects in a rat model, where it demonstrated an excellent healing capacity in vivo. 25481441 1 58 theme severe 269:274 arg1 effects 286:292 the severe secondary effects 265:292 the severe secondary effects linked to the products delivering this protein for bone regeneration 265:361 The spatiotemporally controlled delivery of the pro-osteogenic factor rhBMP-2 would overcome most of the severe secondary effects linked to the products delivering this protein for bone regeneration. 25481441 3 59 from rhBMP-2 722:728 arg1 microparticles 751:764 alginate and PLGA microparticles 733:764 microparticles 751:764 Spray-drying and emulsion techniques were used to encapsulate bioactive rhBMP-2 in alginate and PLGA microparticles, with a high encapsulation efficiency. 25481441 0 60 theme collagen-hydroxyapatite 15:37 arg1 scaffolds 39:47 collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffolds 15:47 collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffolds incorporating PLGA and alginate microparticles for the controlled delivery of rhBMP-2 for bone tissue engineering 15:161 Development of collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffolds incorporating PLGA and alginate microparticles for the controlled delivery of rhBMP-2 for bone tissue engineering. 25481441 7 61 contain have 1261:1264 arg1 platforms 1251:1259 These platforms 1245:1259 These platforms 1245:1259 These platforms have an immense potential in the field of tissue regeneration; by tuning the specific therapeutic molecule to the tissue of interest and by utilizing different collagen-based scaffolds, similar systems can be developed for enhancing the healing of a diverse range of tissues and organs. 25481441 7 61 contain have 1261:1264 arg2 potential 1277:1285 an immense potential 1266:1285 an immense potential in the field of tissue regeneration 1266:1321 These platforms have an immense potential in the field of tissue regeneration; by tuning the specific therapeutic molecule to the tissue of interest and by utilizing different collagen-based scaffolds, similar systems can be developed for enhancing the healing of a diverse range of tissues and organs. 25481441 1 62 theme secondary 276:284 arg1 effects 286:292 the severe secondary effects 265:292 the severe secondary effects linked to the products delivering this protein for bone regeneration 265:361 The spatiotemporally controlled delivery of the pro-osteogenic factor rhBMP-2 would overcome most of the severe secondary effects linked to the products delivering this protein for bone regeneration. 25388807 7 0 theme cell 1292:1295 arg1 traits 1302:1307 cell wall traits 1292:1307 cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus 1292:1355 We conclude that alterations of cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus are a consequence of a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway. 25388807 3 1 from formation 554:562 arg1 crop 590:593 this global wood fibre crop 567:593 this global wood fibre crop 567:593 The reference genome sequence for Eucalyptus grandis allows investigation of the global transcriptional reprogramming that accompanies tension wood formation in this global wood fibre crop. 25388807 2 2 theme wall 368:371 arg1 biosynthesis 373:384 secondary cell wall biosynthesis 353:384 secondary cell wall biosynthesis 353:384 It serves as a good system for investigating the genetic regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthesis and wood formation. 25388807 5 3 from reduction 987:995 arg1 mannose 1019:1025 mannose 1019:1025 mannose 1019:1025 We found that Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees is characterized by an increase in cellulose, a reduction in lignin, xylose and mannose, and a marked increase in galactose. 25388807 5 3 from reduction 987:995 arg1 xylose 1008:1013 xylose 1008:1013 xylose 1008:1013 We found that Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees is characterized by an increase in cellulose, a reduction in lignin, xylose and mannose, and a marked increase in galactose. 25388807 5 3 from reduction 987:995 arg1 lignin 1000:1005 lignin 1000:1005 lignin 1000:1005 We found that Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees is characterized by an increase in cellulose, a reduction in lignin, xylose and mannose, and a marked increase in galactose. 25388807 5 3 from reduction 987:995 arg1 cellulose 974:982 cellulose 974:982 cellulose 974:982 We found that Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees is characterized by an increase in cellulose, a reduction in lignin, xylose and mannose, and a marked increase in galactose. 25388807 5 3 from reduction 987:995 arg1 galactose 1053:1061 galactose 1053:1061 galactose 1053:1061 We found that Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees is characterized by an increase in cellulose, a reduction in lignin, xylose and mannose, and a marked increase in galactose. 25388807 6 4 theme carbohydrate 1231:1242 arg1 enzymes 1251:1257 several carbohydrate active enzymes 1223:1257 several carbohydrate active enzymes 1223:1257 Gene expression profiling in tension wood-forming tissue showed corresponding down-regulation of monolignol biosynthetic genes, and differential expression of several carbohydrate active enzymes. 25388807 4 5 theme physicochemical 642:656 arg1 changes 672:678 physicochemical wood property changes 642:678 physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone 642:771 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 2 6 theme good 297:300 arg1 system 302:307 a good system 295:307 a good system for investigating the genetic regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthesis and wood formation 295:403 It serves as a good system for investigating the genetic regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthesis and wood formation. 25388807 2 6 theme good 297:300 arg1 It 282:283 It 282:283 It 282:283 It serves as a good system for investigating the genetic regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthesis and wood formation. 25388807 7 7 theme pathway 1540:1546 arg1 up-regulation 1496:1508 the often proposed up-regulation 1477:1508 the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway 1477:1546 We conclude that alterations of cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus are a consequence of a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway. 25388807 3 8 theme fibre 584:588 arg1 crop 590:593 this global wood fibre crop 567:593 this global wood fibre crop 567:593 The reference genome sequence for Eucalyptus grandis allows investigation of the global transcriptional reprogramming that accompanies tension wood formation in this global wood fibre crop. 25388807 4 9 dep tissues 830:836 arg1 wk 840:841 3 wk post-induction 838:856 xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing 824:877 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 7 10 theme cellulose 1517:1525 arg1 pathway 1540:1546 the cellulose biosynthetic pathway 1513:1546 the cellulose biosynthetic pathway 1513:1546 We conclude that alterations of cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus are a consequence of a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway. 25388807 6 11 theme differential 1196:1207 arg1 expression 1209:1218 differential expression 1196:1218 differential expression of several carbohydrate active enzymes 1196:1257 Gene expression profiling in tension wood-forming tissue showed corresponding down-regulation of monolignol biosynthetic genes, and differential expression of several carbohydrate active enzymes. 25388807 4 12 theme hybrid 724:729 arg1 urophylla 756:764 E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla 732:764 E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla 732:764 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 4 12 theme hybrid 724:729 arg1 clone 767:771 a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone 722:771 a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone 722:771 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 5 13 from wood 913:916 arg1 trees 933:937 field-grown trees 921:937 field-grown trees 921:937 We found that Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees is characterized by an increase in cellulose, a reduction in lignin, xylose and mannose, and a marked increase in galactose. 25388807 6 14 from profiling 1080:1088 arg1 tissue 1114:1119 tension wood-forming tissue 1093:1119 tension wood-forming tissue 1093:1119 Gene expression profiling in tension wood-forming tissue showed corresponding down-regulation of monolignol biosynthetic genes, and differential expression of several carbohydrate active enzymes. 25388807 7 15 theme wall 1297:1300 arg1 traits 1302:1307 cell wall traits 1292:1307 cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus 1292:1355 We conclude that alterations of cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus are a consequence of a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway. 25388807 4 16 from wood 691:694 arg1 analysis 630:637 the first comprehensive analysis 606:637 the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing 606:877 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 1 17 theme fibre 222:226 arg1 properties 228:237 altered fibre properties 214:237 altered fibre properties 214:237 Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. 25388807 7 18 theme hemicellulose 1438:1450 arg1 remodelling 1452:1462 hemicellulose remodelling 1438:1462 hemicellulose remodelling 1438:1462 We conclude that alterations of cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus are a consequence of a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway. 25388807 4 19 theme Eucalyptus 699:708 arg1 wood 691:694 tension wood 683:694 tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone 683:771 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 7 20 theme biosynthesis 1421:1432 arg1 down-regulation 1395:1409 down-regulation 1395:1409 down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling 1395:1462 We conclude that alterations of cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus are a consequence of a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway. 25388807 7 21 theme wood 1328:1331 arg1 formation 1333:1341 tension wood formation 1320:1341 tension wood formation 1320:1341 We conclude that alterations of cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus are a consequence of a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway. 25388807 0 22 from formation 119:127 arg1 Eucalyptus 132:141 Eucalyptus 132:141 Eucalyptus 132:141 Investigating the molecular underpinnings underlying morphology and changes in carbon partitioning during tension wood formation in Eucalyptus. 25388807 7 23 theme up-regulation 1496:1508 arg1 combination 1380:1390 a combination 1378:1390 a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway 1378:1546 We conclude that alterations of cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus are a consequence of a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway. 25388807 6 24 theme enzymes 1251:1257 arg1 expression 1209:1218 differential expression 1196:1218 differential expression of several carbohydrate active enzymes 1196:1257 Gene expression profiling in tension wood-forming tissue showed corresponding down-regulation of monolignol biosynthetic genes, and differential expression of several carbohydrate active enzymes. 25388807 6 24 theme enzymes 1251:1257 arg1 down-regulation 1142:1156 corresponding down-regulation 1128:1156 corresponding down-regulation of monolignol biosynthetic genes 1128:1189 Gene expression profiling in tension wood-forming tissue showed corresponding down-regulation of monolignol biosynthetic genes, and differential expression of several carbohydrate active enzymes. 25388807 4 25 theme E. 732:733 arg1 urophylla 756:764 E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla 732:764 E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla 732:764 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 4 25 theme E. 732:733 arg1 clone 767:771 a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone 722:771 a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone 722:771 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 4 26 from changes 672:678 arg1 tissues 830:836 xylem tissues 824:836 xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing 824:877 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 4 26 from changes 672:678 arg1 wood 691:694 tension wood 683:694 tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone 683:771 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 5 27 theme field-grown 921:931 arg1 trees 933:937 field-grown trees 921:937 field-grown trees 921:937 We found that Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees is characterized by an increase in cellulose, a reduction in lignin, xylose and mannose, and a marked increase in galactose. 25388807 4 28 theme × 743:743 arg1 urophylla 756:764 E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla 732:764 E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla 732:764 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 4 28 theme × 743:743 arg1 clone 767:771 a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone 722:771 a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone 722:771 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 4 29 from changes 813:819 arg1 tissues 830:836 xylem tissues 824:836 xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing 824:877 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 4 29 from changes 813:819 arg1 wood 691:694 tension wood 683:694 tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone 683:771 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 4 30 theme gene 797:800 arg1 changes 813:819 genome-wide gene expression changes 785:819 genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing 785:877 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 0 31 theme tension 106:112 arg1 formation 119:127 tension wood formation 106:127 tension wood formation in Eucalyptus 106:141 Investigating the molecular underpinnings underlying morphology and changes in carbon partitioning during tension wood formation in Eucalyptus. 25388807 4 32 theme changes 813:819 arg1 analysis 630:637 the first comprehensive analysis 606:637 the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing 606:877 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 7 33 theme combination 1380:1390 arg1 alterations 1277:1287 alterations 1277:1287 alterations of cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus 1277:1355 We conclude that alterations of cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus are a consequence of a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway. 25388807 7 33 theme combination 1380:1390 arg1 consequence 1363:1373 a consequence 1361:1373 a consequence of a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway 1361:1546 We conclude that alterations of cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus are a consequence of a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway. 25388807 6 34 theme expression 1069:1078 arg1 profiling 1080:1088 Gene expression profiling 1064:1088 Gene expression profiling in tension wood-forming tissue 1064:1119 Gene expression profiling in tension wood-forming tissue showed corresponding down-regulation of monolignol biosynthetic genes, and differential expression of several carbohydrate active enzymes. 25388807 3 35 theme transcriptional 494:508 arg1 reprogramming 510:522 the global transcriptional reprogramming 483:522 the global transcriptional reprogramming that accompanies tension wood formation in this global wood fibre crop 483:593 The reference genome sequence for Eucalyptus grandis allows investigation of the global transcriptional reprogramming that accompanies tension wood formation in this global wood fibre crop. 25388807 0 36 theme molecular 18:26 arg1 underpinnings 28:40 the molecular underpinnings 14:40 the molecular underpinnings underlying morphology and changes in carbon partitioning during tension wood formation in Eucalyptus 14:141 Investigating the molecular underpinnings underlying morphology and changes in carbon partitioning during tension wood formation in Eucalyptus. 25388807 7 37 theme traits 1302:1307 arg1 alterations 1277:1287 alterations 1277:1287 alterations of cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus 1277:1355 We conclude that alterations of cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus are a consequence of a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway. 25388807 7 37 theme traits 1302:1307 arg1 consequence 1363:1373 a consequence 1361:1373 a consequence of a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway 1361:1546 We conclude that alterations of cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus are a consequence of a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway. 25388807 4 38 theme post-induction 843:856 arg1 wk 840:841 3 wk post-induction 838:856 xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing 824:877 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 3 39 theme genome 420:425 arg1 sequence 427:434 The reference genome sequence 406:434 The reference genome sequence for Eucalyptus grandis 406:457 The reference genome sequence for Eucalyptus grandis allows investigation of the global transcriptional reprogramming that accompanies tension wood formation in this global wood fibre crop. 25388807 4 40 theme RNA 864:866 arg1 sequencing 868:877 RNA sequencing 864:877 RNA sequencing 864:877 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 3 41 theme tension 541:547 arg1 formation 554:562 tension wood formation 541:562 tension wood formation in this global wood fibre crop 541:593 The reference genome sequence for Eucalyptus grandis allows investigation of the global transcriptional reprogramming that accompanies tension wood formation in this global wood fibre crop. 25388807 6 42 theme monolignol 1161:1170 arg1 genes 1185:1189 monolignol biosynthetic genes 1161:1189 monolignol biosynthetic genes 1161:1189 Gene expression profiling in tension wood-forming tissue showed corresponding down-regulation of monolignol biosynthetic genes, and differential expression of several carbohydrate active enzymes. 25388807 7 43 theme down-regulation 1395:1409 arg1 combination 1380:1390 a combination 1378:1390 a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway 1378:1546 We conclude that alterations of cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus are a consequence of a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway. 25388807 4 44 theme xylem 824:828 arg1 tissues 830:836 xylem tissues 824:836 xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing 824:877 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 1 45 theme cell 240:243 arg1 composition 250:260 cell wall composition 240:260 cell wall composition 240:260 Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. 25388807 1 46 theme distinct 161:168 arg1 composition 250:260 cell wall composition 240:260 cell wall composition 240:260 Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. 25388807 1 46 theme distinct 161:168 arg1 properties 228:237 altered fibre properties 214:237 altered fibre properties 214:237 Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. 25388807 1 46 theme distinct 161:168 arg1 properties 192:201 distinct physical and chemical properties 161:201 distinct physical and chemical properties 161:201 Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. 25388807 1 46 theme distinct 161:168 arg1 ultrastructure 266:279 ultrastructure 266:279 ultrastructure 266:279 Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. 25388807 4 47 theme wood 658:661 arg1 changes 672:678 physicochemical wood property changes 642:678 physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone 642:771 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 2 48 theme wood 390:393 arg1 formation 395:403 wood formation 390:403 wood formation 390:403 It serves as a good system for investigating the genetic regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthesis and wood formation. 25388807 5 49 theme Eucalyptus 894:903 arg1 wood 913:916 Eucalyptus tension wood 894:916 Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees 894:937 We found that Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees is characterized by an increase in cellulose, a reduction in lignin, xylose and mannose, and a marked increase in galactose. 25388807 4 50 theme changes 672:678 arg1 analysis 630:637 the first comprehensive analysis 606:637 the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing 606:877 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 2 51 theme biosynthesis 373:384 arg1 regulation 339:348 the genetic regulation 327:348 the genetic regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthesis and wood formation 327:403 It serves as a good system for investigating the genetic regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthesis and wood formation. 25388807 6 52 theme wood-forming 1101:1112 arg1 tissue 1114:1119 tension wood-forming tissue 1093:1119 tension wood-forming tissue 1093:1119 Gene expression profiling in tension wood-forming tissue showed corresponding down-regulation of monolignol biosynthetic genes, and differential expression of several carbohydrate active enzymes. 25388807 4 53 theme comprehensive 616:628 arg1 analysis 630:637 the first comprehensive analysis 606:637 the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing 606:877 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 7 54 theme biosynthetic 1527:1538 arg1 pathway 1540:1546 the cellulose biosynthetic pathway 1513:1546 the cellulose biosynthetic pathway 1513:1546 We conclude that alterations of cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus are a consequence of a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway. 25388807 6 55 theme several 1223:1229 arg1 enzymes 1251:1257 several carbohydrate active enzymes 1223:1257 several carbohydrate active enzymes 1223:1257 Gene expression profiling in tension wood-forming tissue showed corresponding down-regulation of monolignol biosynthetic genes, and differential expression of several carbohydrate active enzymes. 25388807 2 56 theme cell 363:366 arg1 biosynthesis 373:384 secondary cell wall biosynthesis 353:384 secondary cell wall biosynthesis 353:384 It serves as a good system for investigating the genetic regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthesis and wood formation. 25388807 3 57 theme wood 579:582 arg1 crop 590:593 this global wood fibre crop 567:593 this global wood fibre crop 567:593 The reference genome sequence for Eucalyptus grandis allows investigation of the global transcriptional reprogramming that accompanies tension wood formation in this global wood fibre crop. 25388807 1 58 theme chemical 183:190 arg1 composition 250:260 cell wall composition 240:260 cell wall composition 240:260 Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. 25388807 1 58 theme chemical 183:190 arg1 properties 228:237 altered fibre properties 214:237 altered fibre properties 214:237 Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. 25388807 1 58 theme chemical 183:190 arg1 properties 192:201 distinct physical and chemical properties 161:201 distinct physical and chemical properties 161:201 Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. 25388807 1 58 theme chemical 183:190 arg1 ultrastructure 266:279 ultrastructure 266:279 ultrastructure 266:279 Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. 25388807 7 59 theme proposed 1487:1494 arg1 up-regulation 1496:1508 the often proposed up-regulation 1477:1508 the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway 1477:1546 We conclude that alterations of cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus are a consequence of a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway. 25388807 1 60 contain has 157:159 arg2 properties 228:237 altered fibre properties 214:237 altered fibre properties 214:237 Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. 25388807 1 60 contain has 157:159 arg1 wood 152:155 Tension wood 144:155 Tension wood 144:155 Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. 25388807 1 60 contain has 157:159 arg2 ultrastructure 266:279 ultrastructure 266:279 ultrastructure 266:279 Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. 25388807 1 60 contain has 157:159 arg2 properties 192:201 distinct physical and chemical properties 161:201 distinct physical and chemical properties 161:201 Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. 25388807 1 60 contain has 157:159 arg2 composition 250:260 cell wall composition 240:260 cell wall composition 240:260 Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. 25388807 2 61 theme genetic 331:337 arg1 regulation 339:348 the genetic regulation 327:348 the genetic regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthesis and wood formation 327:403 It serves as a good system for investigating the genetic regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthesis and wood formation. 25388807 5 62 theme tension 905:911 arg1 wood 913:916 Eucalyptus tension wood 894:916 Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees 894:937 We found that Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees is characterized by an increase in cellulose, a reduction in lignin, xylose and mannose, and a marked increase in galactose. 25388807 5 63 from increase 1041:1048 arg1 mannose 1019:1025 mannose 1019:1025 mannose 1019:1025 We found that Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees is characterized by an increase in cellulose, a reduction in lignin, xylose and mannose, and a marked increase in galactose. 25388807 5 63 from increase 1041:1048 arg1 xylose 1008:1013 xylose 1008:1013 xylose 1008:1013 We found that Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees is characterized by an increase in cellulose, a reduction in lignin, xylose and mannose, and a marked increase in galactose. 25388807 5 63 from increase 1041:1048 arg1 lignin 1000:1005 lignin 1000:1005 lignin 1000:1005 We found that Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees is characterized by an increase in cellulose, a reduction in lignin, xylose and mannose, and a marked increase in galactose. 25388807 5 63 from increase 1041:1048 arg1 galactose 1053:1061 galactose 1053:1061 galactose 1053:1061 We found that Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees is characterized by an increase in cellulose, a reduction in lignin, xylose and mannose, and a marked increase in galactose. 25388807 5 63 from increase 1041:1048 arg1 cellulose 974:982 cellulose 974:982 cellulose 974:982 We found that Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees is characterized by an increase in cellulose, a reduction in lignin, xylose and mannose, and a marked increase in galactose. 25388807 1 64 theme altered 214:220 arg1 properties 228:237 altered fibre properties 214:237 altered fibre properties 214:237 Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. 25388807 6 65 theme genes 1185:1189 arg1 expression 1209:1218 differential expression 1196:1218 differential expression of several carbohydrate active enzymes 1196:1257 Gene expression profiling in tension wood-forming tissue showed corresponding down-regulation of monolignol biosynthetic genes, and differential expression of several carbohydrate active enzymes. 25388807 6 65 theme genes 1185:1189 arg1 down-regulation 1142:1156 corresponding down-regulation 1128:1156 corresponding down-regulation of monolignol biosynthetic genes 1128:1189 Gene expression profiling in tension wood-forming tissue showed corresponding down-regulation of monolignol biosynthetic genes, and differential expression of several carbohydrate active enzymes. 25388807 4 66 theme tension 683:689 arg1 wood 691:694 tension wood 683:694 tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone 683:771 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 2 67 theme secondary 353:361 arg1 biosynthesis 373:384 secondary cell wall biosynthesis 353:384 secondary cell wall biosynthesis 353:384 It serves as a good system for investigating the genetic regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthesis and wood formation. 25388807 7 68 theme remodelling 1452:1462 arg1 down-regulation 1395:1409 down-regulation 1395:1409 down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling 1395:1462 We conclude that alterations of cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus are a consequence of a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway. 25388807 4 69 theme Eucalyptus 745:754 arg1 urophylla 756:764 E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla 732:764 E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla 732:764 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 4 69 theme Eucalyptus 745:754 arg1 clone 767:771 a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone 722:771 a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone 722:771 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 1 70 theme Tension 144:150 arg1 wood 152:155 Tension wood 144:155 Tension wood 144:155 Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. 25388807 7 71 theme lignin 1414:1419 arg1 biosynthesis 1421:1432 lignin biosynthesis 1414:1432 lignin biosynthesis 1414:1432 We conclude that alterations of cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus are a consequence of a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway. 25388807 0 72 theme carbon 79:84 arg1 partitioning 86:97 carbon partitioning 79:97 carbon partitioning 79:97 Investigating the molecular underpinnings underlying morphology and changes in carbon partitioning during tension wood formation in Eucalyptus. 25388807 4 73 from tissues 830:836 arg1 analysis 630:637 the first comprehensive analysis 606:637 the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing 606:877 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 6 74 theme active 1244:1249 arg1 enzymes 1251:1257 several carbohydrate active enzymes 1223:1257 several carbohydrate active enzymes 1223:1257 Gene expression profiling in tension wood-forming tissue showed corresponding down-regulation of monolignol biosynthetic genes, and differential expression of several carbohydrate active enzymes. 25388807 1 75 theme physical 170:177 arg1 composition 250:260 cell wall composition 240:260 cell wall composition 240:260 Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. 25388807 1 75 theme physical 170:177 arg1 properties 228:237 altered fibre properties 214:237 altered fibre properties 214:237 Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. 25388807 1 75 theme physical 170:177 arg1 properties 192:201 distinct physical and chemical properties 161:201 distinct physical and chemical properties 161:201 Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. 25388807 1 75 theme physical 170:177 arg1 ultrastructure 266:279 ultrastructure 266:279 ultrastructure 266:279 Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. 25388807 4 76 theme grandis 735:741 arg1 urophylla 756:764 E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla 732:764 E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla 732:764 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 4 76 theme grandis 735:741 arg1 clone 767:771 a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone 722:771 a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone 722:771 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 0 77 theme wood 114:117 arg1 formation 119:127 tension wood formation 106:127 tension wood formation in Eucalyptus 106:141 Investigating the molecular underpinnings underlying morphology and changes in carbon partitioning during tension wood formation in Eucalyptus. 25388807 0 78 from changes 68:74 arg1 partitioning 86:97 carbon partitioning 79:97 carbon partitioning 79:97 Investigating the molecular underpinnings underlying morphology and changes in carbon partitioning during tension wood formation in Eucalyptus. 25388807 4 79 theme genome-wide 785:795 arg1 changes 813:819 genome-wide gene expression changes 785:819 genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing 785:877 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 7 80 theme tension 1320:1326 arg1 formation 1333:1341 tension wood formation 1320:1341 tension wood formation 1320:1341 We conclude that alterations of cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus are a consequence of a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway. 25388807 4 81 from analysis 630:637 arg1 tissues 830:836 xylem tissues 824:836 xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing 824:877 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 4 81 from analysis 630:637 arg1 wood 691:694 tension wood 683:694 tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone 683:771 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 6 82 theme tension 1093:1099 arg1 tissue 1114:1119 tension wood-forming tissue 1093:1119 tension wood-forming tissue 1093:1119 Gene expression profiling in tension wood-forming tissue showed corresponding down-regulation of monolignol biosynthetic genes, and differential expression of several carbohydrate active enzymes. 25388807 0 83 from morphology 53:62 arg1 partitioning 86:97 carbon partitioning 79:97 carbon partitioning 79:97 Investigating the molecular underpinnings underlying morphology and changes in carbon partitioning during tension wood formation in Eucalyptus. 25388807 4 84 theme expression 802:811 arg1 changes 813:819 genome-wide gene expression changes 785:819 genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing 785:877 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 5 85 from increase 962:969 arg1 mannose 1019:1025 mannose 1019:1025 mannose 1019:1025 We found that Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees is characterized by an increase in cellulose, a reduction in lignin, xylose and mannose, and a marked increase in galactose. 25388807 5 85 from increase 962:969 arg1 xylose 1008:1013 xylose 1008:1013 xylose 1008:1013 We found that Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees is characterized by an increase in cellulose, a reduction in lignin, xylose and mannose, and a marked increase in galactose. 25388807 5 85 from increase 962:969 arg1 lignin 1000:1005 lignin 1000:1005 lignin 1000:1005 We found that Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees is characterized by an increase in cellulose, a reduction in lignin, xylose and mannose, and a marked increase in galactose. 25388807 5 85 from increase 962:969 arg1 cellulose 974:982 cellulose 974:982 cellulose 974:982 We found that Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees is characterized by an increase in cellulose, a reduction in lignin, xylose and mannose, and a marked increase in galactose. 25388807 5 85 from increase 962:969 arg1 galactose 1053:1061 galactose 1053:1061 galactose 1053:1061 We found that Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees is characterized by an increase in cellulose, a reduction in lignin, xylose and mannose, and a marked increase in galactose. 25388807 3 86 theme reference 410:418 arg1 sequence 427:434 The reference genome sequence 406:434 The reference genome sequence for Eucalyptus grandis 406:457 The reference genome sequence for Eucalyptus grandis allows investigation of the global transcriptional reprogramming that accompanies tension wood formation in this global wood fibre crop. 25388807 2 87 theme formation 395:403 arg1 regulation 339:348 the genetic regulation 327:348 the genetic regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthesis and wood formation 327:403 It serves as a good system for investigating the genetic regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthesis and wood formation. 25388807 6 88 theme Gene 1064:1067 arg1 profiling 1080:1088 Gene expression profiling 1064:1088 Gene expression profiling in tension wood-forming tissue 1064:1119 Gene expression profiling in tension wood-forming tissue showed corresponding down-regulation of monolignol biosynthetic genes, and differential expression of several carbohydrate active enzymes. 25388807 4 89 theme first 610:614 arg1 analysis 630:637 the first comprehensive analysis 606:637 the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing 606:877 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 3 90 theme reprogramming 510:522 arg1 investigation 466:478 investigation 466:478 investigation of the global transcriptional reprogramming that accompanies tension wood formation in this global wood fibre crop 466:593 The reference genome sequence for Eucalyptus grandis allows investigation of the global transcriptional reprogramming that accompanies tension wood formation in this global wood fibre crop. 25388807 3 91 theme Eucalyptus 440:449 arg1 grandis 451:457 Eucalyptus grandis 440:457 Eucalyptus grandis 440:457 The reference genome sequence for Eucalyptus grandis allows investigation of the global transcriptional reprogramming that accompanies tension wood formation in this global wood fibre crop. 25388807 3 92 theme global 487:492 arg1 reprogramming 510:522 the global transcriptional reprogramming 483:522 the global transcriptional reprogramming that accompanies tension wood formation in this global wood fibre crop 483:593 The reference genome sequence for Eucalyptus grandis allows investigation of the global transcriptional reprogramming that accompanies tension wood formation in this global wood fibre crop. 25388807 5 93 theme marked 1034:1039 arg1 increase 1041:1048 a marked increase 1032:1048 a marked increase in galactose 1032:1061 We found that Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees is characterized by an increase in cellulose, a reduction in lignin, xylose and mannose, and a marked increase in galactose. 25388807 6 94 theme biosynthetic 1172:1183 arg1 genes 1185:1189 monolignol biosynthetic genes 1161:1189 monolignol biosynthetic genes 1161:1189 Gene expression profiling in tension wood-forming tissue showed corresponding down-regulation of monolignol biosynthetic genes, and differential expression of several carbohydrate active enzymes. 25388807 3 95 theme wood 549:552 arg1 formation 554:562 tension wood formation 541:562 tension wood formation in this global wood fibre crop 541:593 The reference genome sequence for Eucalyptus grandis allows investigation of the global transcriptional reprogramming that accompanies tension wood formation in this global wood fibre crop. 25388807 4 96 theme property 663:670 arg1 changes 672:678 physicochemical wood property changes 642:678 physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone 642:771 We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. 25388807 1 97 theme wall 245:248 arg1 composition 250:260 cell wall composition 240:260 cell wall composition 240:260 Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. 25388807 6 98 theme corresponding 1128:1140 arg1 down-regulation 1142:1156 corresponding down-regulation 1128:1156 corresponding down-regulation of monolignol biosynthetic genes 1128:1189 Gene expression profiling in tension wood-forming tissue showed corresponding down-regulation of monolignol biosynthetic genes, and differential expression of several carbohydrate active enzymes. 25388807 3 99 theme global 572:577 arg1 crop 590:593 this global wood fibre crop 567:593 this global wood fibre crop 567:593 The reference genome sequence for Eucalyptus grandis allows investigation of the global transcriptional reprogramming that accompanies tension wood formation in this global wood fibre crop. 25068901 6 0 theme P. 931:932 arg1 mileense 934:941 P. mileense 931:941 P. mileense 931:941 In contrast, desiccation and rewatering of P. mileense significantly decreased the level of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and increased the unsaturation of membrane lipids, without changing the level of extraplastidic lipids. 25068901 7 1 dep fresh 1247:1251 arg1 leaves 1253:1258 leaves 1253:1258 leaves 1253:1258 Lethal desiccation in P. mileense caused massive lipid degradation, whereas the PA content remained at a low level similar to that of fresh leaves. 25068901 1 2 theme water 259:263 arg1 loss 265:268 almost complete water loss 243:268 almost complete water loss 243:268 Resurrection plants usually grow in specific or extreme habitats and have the capacity to survive almost complete water loss. 25068901 5 3 theme large 810:814 arg1 increases 816:824 large increases 810:824 large increases in levels of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG) 810:885 After desiccation and subsequent rewatering, A. thaliana showed dramatic lipid degradation accompanied by large increases in levels of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG). 25068901 5 4 from increases 816:824 arg1 levels 829:834 levels 829:834 levels of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG) 829:885 After desiccation and subsequent rewatering, A. thaliana showed dramatic lipid degradation accompanied by large increases in levels of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG). 25068901 9 5 theme P. 1448:1449 arg1 mileense 1451:1458 P. mileense 1448:1458 P. mileense 1448:1458 The activity of phospholipase D, the main source of PA, was much lower in P. mileense than in A. thaliana under control conditions, or after either dehydration or rehydration. 25068901 7 6 theme Lethal 1113:1118 arg1 desiccation 1120:1130 Lethal desiccation 1113:1130 Lethal desiccation in P. mileense 1113:1145 Lethal desiccation in P. mileense caused massive lipid degradation, whereas the PA content remained at a low level similar to that of fresh leaves. 25068901 3 7 from changes 564:570 arg1 thaliana 619:626 the desiccation-sensitive plant Arabidopsis thaliana 575:626 the desiccation-sensitive plant Arabidopsis thaliana 575:626 We profiled the changes in lipid molecular species during dehydration and rehydration in P. mileense, and compared these with corresponding changes in the desiccation-sensitive plant Arabidopsis thaliana. 25068901 9 8 theme PA 1426:1427 arg1 source 1416:1421 the main source 1407:1421 the main source of PA 1407:1427 The activity of phospholipase D, the main source of PA, was much lower in P. mileense than in A. thaliana under control conditions, or after either dehydration or rehydration. 25068901 9 8 theme PA 1426:1427 arg1 D 1404:1404 phospholipase D 1390:1404 phospholipase D 1390:1404 The activity of phospholipase D, the main source of PA, was much lower in P. mileense than in A. thaliana under control conditions, or after either dehydration or rehydration. 25068901 7 9 theme massive 1154:1160 arg1 degradation 1168:1178 massive lipid degradation 1154:1178 massive lipid degradation 1154:1178 Lethal desiccation in P. mileense caused massive lipid degradation, whereas the PA content remained at a low level similar to that of fresh leaves. 25068901 3 10 theme desiccation-sensitive 579:599 arg1 thaliana 619:626 the desiccation-sensitive plant Arabidopsis thaliana 575:626 the desiccation-sensitive plant Arabidopsis thaliana 575:626 We profiled the changes in lipid molecular species during dehydration and rehydration in P. mileense, and compared these with corresponding changes in the desiccation-sensitive plant Arabidopsis thaliana. 25068901 3 11 theme plant 601:605 arg1 thaliana 619:626 the desiccation-sensitive plant Arabidopsis thaliana 575:626 the desiccation-sensitive plant Arabidopsis thaliana 575:626 We profiled the changes in lipid molecular species during dehydration and rehydration in P. mileense, and compared these with corresponding changes in the desiccation-sensitive plant Arabidopsis thaliana. 25068901 7 12 theme lipid 1162:1166 arg1 degradation 1168:1178 massive lipid degradation 1154:1178 massive lipid degradation 1154:1178 Lethal desiccation in P. mileense caused massive lipid degradation, whereas the PA content remained at a low level similar to that of fresh leaves. 25068901 10 13 theme PA 1613:1614 arg1 formation 1616:1624 phospholipase D-mediated PA formation 1588:1624 phospholipase D-mediated PA formation 1588:1624 It was demonstrated that low rates of phospholipase D-mediated PA formation in P. mileense might limit its ability to degrade lipids to PA, thereby maintaining membrane integrity following desiccation. 25068901 2 14 theme physiological 292:304 arg1 responses 322:330 the physiological and biochemical responses 288:330 the physiological and biochemical responses of Paraisometrum mileense to extreme desiccation 288:379 We characterized the physiological and biochemical responses of Paraisometrum mileense to extreme desiccation and found that it is a resurrection plant. 25068901 1 15 theme Resurrection 145:156 arg1 plants 158:163 Resurrection plants 145:163 Resurrection plants 145:163 Resurrection plants usually grow in specific or extreme habitats and have the capacity to survive almost complete water loss. 25068901 0 16 theme plant 115:119 arg1 mileense 135:142 the resurrection plant Paraisometrum mileense 98:142 the resurrection plant Paraisometrum mileense 98:142 Maintenance or collapse: responses of extraplastidic membrane lipid composition to desiccation in the resurrection plant Paraisometrum mileense. 25068901 8 17 from increases 1302:1310 arg1 PA 1315:1316 PA 1315:1316 PA 1315:1316 Neither damage nor repair processes, nor increases in PA, occurred during non-lethal desiccation in P. mileense. 25068901 8 18 theme repair 1280:1285 arg1 processes 1287:1295 repair processes 1280:1295 repair processes 1280:1295 Neither damage nor repair processes, nor increases in PA, occurred during non-lethal desiccation in P. mileense. 25068901 1 19 theme specific 181:188 arg1 habitats 201:208 specific or extreme habitats 181:208 specific or extreme habitats 181:208 Resurrection plants usually grow in specific or extreme habitats and have the capacity to survive almost complete water loss. 25068901 0 20 theme resurrection 102:113 arg1 mileense 135:142 the resurrection plant Paraisometrum mileense 98:142 the resurrection plant Paraisometrum mileense 98:142 Maintenance or collapse: responses of extraplastidic membrane lipid composition to desiccation in the resurrection plant Paraisometrum mileense. 25068901 6 21 theme membrane 1043:1050 arg1 lipids 1052:1057 membrane lipids 1043:1057 membrane lipids 1043:1057 In contrast, desiccation and rewatering of P. mileense significantly decreased the level of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and increased the unsaturation of membrane lipids, without changing the level of extraplastidic lipids. 25068901 3 22 from rehydration 498:508 arg1 mileense 516:523 P. mileense 513:523 P. mileense 513:523 We profiled the changes in lipid molecular species during dehydration and rehydration in P. mileense, and compared these with corresponding changes in the desiccation-sensitive plant Arabidopsis thaliana. 25068901 3 23 theme corresponding 550:562 arg1 changes 564:570 corresponding changes 550:570 corresponding changes in the desiccation-sensitive plant Arabidopsis thaliana 550:626 We profiled the changes in lipid molecular species during dehydration and rehydration in P. mileense, and compared these with corresponding changes in the desiccation-sensitive plant Arabidopsis thaliana. 25068901 7 24 from desiccation 1120:1130 arg1 mileense 1138:1145 P. mileense 1135:1145 P. mileense 1135:1145 Lethal desiccation in P. mileense caused massive lipid degradation, whereas the PA content remained at a low level similar to that of fresh leaves. 25068901 2 25 theme resurrection 404:415 arg1 plant 417:421 a resurrection plant 402:421 a resurrection plant 402:421 We characterized the physiological and biochemical responses of Paraisometrum mileense to extreme desiccation and found that it is a resurrection plant. 25068901 2 25 theme resurrection 404:415 arg1 it 396:397 it 396:397 it 396:397 We characterized the physiological and biochemical responses of Paraisometrum mileense to extreme desiccation and found that it is a resurrection plant. 25068901 5 26 theme phosphatidic 839:850 arg1 acid 852:855 phosphatidic acid 839:855 phosphatidic acid (PA) 839:860 After desiccation and subsequent rewatering, A. thaliana showed dramatic lipid degradation accompanied by large increases in levels of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG). 25068901 5 26 theme phosphatidic 839:850 arg1 PA 858:859 PA 858:859 PA 858:859 After desiccation and subsequent rewatering, A. thaliana showed dramatic lipid degradation accompanied by large increases in levels of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG). 25068901 8 27 from desiccation 1346:1356 arg1 mileense 1364:1371 P. mileense 1361:1371 P. mileense 1361:1371 Neither damage nor repair processes, nor increases in PA, occurred during non-lethal desiccation in P. mileense. 25068901 2 28 theme Paraisometrum 335:347 arg1 mileense 349:356 Paraisometrum mileense 335:356 Paraisometrum mileense 335:356 We characterized the physiological and biochemical responses of Paraisometrum mileense to extreme desiccation and found that it is a resurrection plant. 25068901 1 29 theme extreme 193:199 arg1 habitats 201:208 specific or extreme habitats 181:208 specific or extreme habitats 181:208 Resurrection plants usually grow in specific or extreme habitats and have the capacity to survive almost complete water loss. 25068901 5 30 theme acid 852:855 arg1 levels 829:834 levels 829:834 levels of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG) 829:885 After desiccation and subsequent rewatering, A. thaliana showed dramatic lipid degradation accompanied by large increases in levels of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG). 25068901 10 31 theme D-mediated 1602:1611 arg1 formation 1616:1624 phospholipase D-mediated PA formation 1588:1624 phospholipase D-mediated PA formation 1588:1624 It was demonstrated that low rates of phospholipase D-mediated PA formation in P. mileense might limit its ability to degrade lipids to PA, thereby maintaining membrane integrity following desiccation. 25068901 7 32 theme P. 1135:1136 arg1 mileense 1138:1145 P. mileense 1135:1145 P. mileense 1135:1145 Lethal desiccation in P. mileense caused massive lipid degradation, whereas the PA content remained at a low level similar to that of fresh leaves. 25068901 3 33 theme Arabidopsis 607:617 arg1 thaliana 619:626 the desiccation-sensitive plant Arabidopsis thaliana 575:626 the desiccation-sensitive plant Arabidopsis thaliana 575:626 We profiled the changes in lipid molecular species during dehydration and rehydration in P. mileense, and compared these with corresponding changes in the desiccation-sensitive plant Arabidopsis thaliana. 25068901 4 34 theme P. 691:692 arg1 mileense 694:701 P. mileense 691:701 P. mileense 691:701 One day of desiccation was lethal for A. thaliana but not for P. mileense. 25068901 10 35 from rates 1579:1583 arg1 mileense 1632:1639 P. mileense 1629:1639 P. mileense 1629:1639 It was demonstrated that low rates of phospholipase D-mediated PA formation in P. mileense might limit its ability to degrade lipids to PA, thereby maintaining membrane integrity following desiccation. 25068901 5 36 theme subsequent 726:735 arg1 rewatering 737:746 subsequent rewatering 726:746 subsequent rewatering 726:746 After desiccation and subsequent rewatering, A. thaliana showed dramatic lipid degradation accompanied by large increases in levels of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG). 25068901 4 37 theme A. 667:668 arg1 thaliana 670:677 A. thaliana 667:677 A. thaliana 667:677 One day of desiccation was lethal for A. thaliana but not for P. mileense. 25068901 10 38 theme low 1575:1577 arg1 rates 1579:1583 low rates 1575:1583 low rates of phospholipase D-mediated PA formation in P. mileense 1575:1639 It was demonstrated that low rates of phospholipase D-mediated PA formation in P. mileense might limit its ability to degrade lipids to PA, thereby maintaining membrane integrity following desiccation. 25068901 6 39 theme monogalactosyldiacylglycerol 980:1007 arg1 level 971:975 the level 967:975 the level of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol 967:1007 In contrast, desiccation and rewatering of P. mileense significantly decreased the level of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and increased the unsaturation of membrane lipids, without changing the level of extraplastidic lipids. 25068901 0 40 theme Paraisometrum 121:133 arg1 mileense 135:142 the resurrection plant Paraisometrum mileense 98:142 the resurrection plant Paraisometrum mileense 98:142 Maintenance or collapse: responses of extraplastidic membrane lipid composition to desiccation in the resurrection plant Paraisometrum mileense. 25068901 0 41 from desiccation 83:93 arg1 mileense 135:142 the resurrection plant Paraisometrum mileense 98:142 the resurrection plant Paraisometrum mileense 98:142 Maintenance or collapse: responses of extraplastidic membrane lipid composition to desiccation in the resurrection plant Paraisometrum mileense. 25068901 2 42 theme biochemical 310:320 arg1 responses 322:330 the physiological and biochemical responses 288:330 the physiological and biochemical responses of Paraisometrum mileense to extreme desiccation 288:379 We characterized the physiological and biochemical responses of Paraisometrum mileense to extreme desiccation and found that it is a resurrection plant. 25068901 7 43 theme PA 1193:1194 arg1 content 1196:1202 the PA content 1189:1202 the PA content 1189:1202 Lethal desiccation in P. mileense caused massive lipid degradation, whereas the PA content remained at a low level similar to that of fresh leaves. 25068901 7 44 theme low 1218:1220 arg1 level 1222:1226 a low level 1216:1226 a low level similar to that of fresh leaves 1216:1258 Lethal desiccation in P. mileense caused massive lipid degradation, whereas the PA content remained at a low level similar to that of fresh leaves. 25068901 6 45 theme lipids 1105:1110 arg1 level 1081:1085 the level 1077:1085 the level of extraplastidic lipids 1077:1110 In contrast, desiccation and rewatering of P. mileense significantly decreased the level of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and increased the unsaturation of membrane lipids, without changing the level of extraplastidic lipids. 25068901 5 46 theme diacylglycerol 866:879 arg1 levels 829:834 levels 829:834 levels of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG) 829:885 After desiccation and subsequent rewatering, A. thaliana showed dramatic lipid degradation accompanied by large increases in levels of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG). 25068901 3 47 theme lipid 451:455 arg1 species 467:473 lipid molecular species 451:473 lipid molecular species 451:473 We profiled the changes in lipid molecular species during dehydration and rehydration in P. mileense, and compared these with corresponding changes in the desiccation-sensitive plant Arabidopsis thaliana. 25068901 10 48 theme formation 1616:1624 arg1 rates 1579:1583 low rates 1575:1583 low rates of phospholipase D-mediated PA formation in P. mileense 1575:1639 It was demonstrated that low rates of phospholipase D-mediated PA formation in P. mileense might limit its ability to degrade lipids to PA, thereby maintaining membrane integrity following desiccation. 25068901 6 49 theme lipids 1052:1057 arg1 unsaturation 1027:1038 the unsaturation 1023:1038 the unsaturation of membrane lipids 1023:1057 In contrast, desiccation and rewatering of P. mileense significantly decreased the level of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and increased the unsaturation of membrane lipids, without changing the level of extraplastidic lipids. 25068901 5 50 theme lipid 777:781 arg1 degradation 783:793 dramatic lipid degradation 768:793 dramatic lipid degradation accompanied by large increases in levels of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG) 768:885 After desiccation and subsequent rewatering, A. thaliana showed dramatic lipid degradation accompanied by large increases in levels of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG). 25068901 0 51 theme membrane 53:60 arg1 composition 68:78 extraplastidic membrane lipid composition 38:78 extraplastidic membrane lipid composition 38:78 Maintenance or collapse: responses of extraplastidic membrane lipid composition to desiccation in the resurrection plant Paraisometrum mileense. 25068901 10 52 theme P. 1629:1630 arg1 mileense 1632:1639 P. mileense 1629:1639 P. mileense 1629:1639 It was demonstrated that low rates of phospholipase D-mediated PA formation in P. mileense might limit its ability to degrade lipids to PA, thereby maintaining membrane integrity following desiccation. 25068901 3 53 theme P. 513:514 arg1 mileense 516:523 P. mileense 513:523 P. mileense 513:523 We profiled the changes in lipid molecular species during dehydration and rehydration in P. mileense, and compared these with corresponding changes in the desiccation-sensitive plant Arabidopsis thaliana. 25068901 0 54 theme extraplastidic 38:51 arg1 composition 68:78 extraplastidic membrane lipid composition 38:78 extraplastidic membrane lipid composition 38:78 Maintenance or collapse: responses of extraplastidic membrane lipid composition to desiccation in the resurrection plant Paraisometrum mileense. 25068901 9 55 theme phospholipase 1390:1402 arg1 source 1416:1421 the main source 1407:1421 the main source of PA 1407:1427 The activity of phospholipase D, the main source of PA, was much lower in P. mileense than in A. thaliana under control conditions, or after either dehydration or rehydration. 25068901 9 55 theme phospholipase 1390:1402 arg1 D 1404:1404 phospholipase D 1390:1404 phospholipase D 1390:1404 The activity of phospholipase D, the main source of PA, was much lower in P. mileense than in A. thaliana under control conditions, or after either dehydration or rehydration. 25068901 7 56 theme similar 1228:1234 arg1 level 1222:1226 a low level 1216:1226 a low level similar to that of fresh leaves 1216:1258 Lethal desiccation in P. mileense caused massive lipid degradation, whereas the PA content remained at a low level similar to that of fresh leaves. 25068901 3 57 from dehydration 482:492 arg1 mileense 516:523 P. mileense 513:523 P. mileense 513:523 We profiled the changes in lipid molecular species during dehydration and rehydration in P. mileense, and compared these with corresponding changes in the desiccation-sensitive plant Arabidopsis thaliana. 25068901 2 58 theme extreme 361:367 arg1 desiccation 369:379 extreme desiccation 361:379 extreme desiccation 361:379 We characterized the physiological and biochemical responses of Paraisometrum mileense to extreme desiccation and found that it is a resurrection plant. 25068901 9 59 theme D 1404:1404 arg1 lower 1439:1443 lower 1439:1443 lower 1439:1443 The activity of phospholipase D, the main source of PA, was much lower in P. mileense than in A. thaliana under control conditions, or after either dehydration or rehydration. 25068901 9 59 theme D 1404:1404 arg1 activity 1378:1385 The activity 1374:1385 The activity of phospholipase D, the main source of PA, 1374:1428 The activity of phospholipase D, the main source of PA, was much lower in P. mileense than in A. thaliana under control conditions, or after either dehydration or rehydration. 25068901 9 60 theme control 1486:1492 arg1 conditions 1494:1503 control conditions 1486:1503 control conditions 1486:1503 The activity of phospholipase D, the main source of PA, was much lower in P. mileense than in A. thaliana under control conditions, or after either dehydration or rehydration. 25068901 4 61 theme desiccation 640:650 arg1 day 633:635 One day 629:635 One day of desiccation 629:650 One day of desiccation was lethal for A. thaliana but not for P. mileense. 25068901 1 62 contain have 214:217 arg2 capacity 223:230 the capacity to survive almost complete water loss 219:268 the capacity to survive almost complete water loss 219:268 Resurrection plants usually grow in specific or extreme habitats and have the capacity to survive almost complete water loss. 25068901 1 62 contain have 214:217 arg1 plants 158:163 Resurrection plants 145:163 Resurrection plants 145:163 Resurrection plants usually grow in specific or extreme habitats and have the capacity to survive almost complete water loss. 25068901 3 63 from changes 440:446 arg1 species 467:473 lipid molecular species 451:473 lipid molecular species 451:473 We profiled the changes in lipid molecular species during dehydration and rehydration in P. mileense, and compared these with corresponding changes in the desiccation-sensitive plant Arabidopsis thaliana. 25068901 2 64 theme mileense 349:356 arg1 responses 322:330 the physiological and biochemical responses 288:330 the physiological and biochemical responses of Paraisometrum mileense to extreme desiccation 288:379 We characterized the physiological and biochemical responses of Paraisometrum mileense to extreme desiccation and found that it is a resurrection plant. 25068901 8 65 theme P. 1361:1362 arg1 mileense 1364:1371 P. mileense 1361:1371 P. mileense 1361:1371 Neither damage nor repair processes, nor increases in PA, occurred during non-lethal desiccation in P. mileense. 25068901 0 66 theme composition 68:78 arg1 responses 25:33 responses 25:33 Maintenance or collapse: responses of extraplastidic membrane lipid composition to desiccation in the resurrection plant Paraisometrum mileense. 0:143 Maintenance or collapse: responses of extraplastidic membrane lipid composition to desiccation in the resurrection plant Paraisometrum mileense. 25068901 5 67 theme dramatic 768:775 arg1 degradation 783:793 dramatic lipid degradation 768:793 dramatic lipid degradation accompanied by large increases in levels of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG) 768:885 After desiccation and subsequent rewatering, A. thaliana showed dramatic lipid degradation accompanied by large increases in levels of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG). 25068901 6 68 theme extraplastidic 1090:1103 arg1 lipids 1105:1110 extraplastidic lipids 1090:1110 extraplastidic lipids 1090:1110 In contrast, desiccation and rewatering of P. mileense significantly decreased the level of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and increased the unsaturation of membrane lipids, without changing the level of extraplastidic lipids. 25068901 8 69 theme non-lethal 1335:1344 arg1 desiccation 1346:1356 non-lethal desiccation 1335:1356 non-lethal desiccation in P. mileense 1335:1371 Neither damage nor repair processes, nor increases in PA, occurred during non-lethal desiccation in P. mileense. 25068901 3 70 theme molecular 457:465 arg1 species 467:473 lipid molecular species 451:473 lipid molecular species 451:473 We profiled the changes in lipid molecular species during dehydration and rehydration in P. mileense, and compared these with corresponding changes in the desiccation-sensitive plant Arabidopsis thaliana. 25068901 9 71 theme main 1411:1414 arg1 source 1416:1421 the main source 1407:1421 the main source of PA 1407:1427 The activity of phospholipase D, the main source of PA, was much lower in P. mileense than in A. thaliana under control conditions, or after either dehydration or rehydration. 25068901 9 71 theme main 1411:1414 arg1 D 1404:1404 phospholipase D 1390:1404 phospholipase D 1390:1404 The activity of phospholipase D, the main source of PA, was much lower in P. mileense than in A. thaliana under control conditions, or after either dehydration or rehydration. 25068901 0 72 theme lipid 62:66 arg1 composition 68:78 extraplastidic membrane lipid composition 38:78 extraplastidic membrane lipid composition 38:78 Maintenance or collapse: responses of extraplastidic membrane lipid composition to desiccation in the resurrection plant Paraisometrum mileense. 25068901 6 73 theme mileense 934:941 arg1 desiccation 901:911 desiccation 901:911 desiccation 901:911 In contrast, desiccation and rewatering of P. mileense significantly decreased the level of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and increased the unsaturation of membrane lipids, without changing the level of extraplastidic lipids. 25068901 6 73 theme mileense 934:941 arg1 rewatering 917:926 rewatering 917:926 rewatering 917:926 In contrast, desiccation and rewatering of P. mileense significantly decreased the level of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and increased the unsaturation of membrane lipids, without changing the level of extraplastidic lipids. 25068901 0 74 dep Maintenance 0:10 arg1 responses 25:33 responses 25:33 Maintenance or collapse: responses of extraplastidic membrane lipid composition to desiccation in the resurrection plant Paraisometrum mileense. 0:143 Maintenance or collapse: responses of extraplastidic membrane lipid composition to desiccation in the resurrection plant Paraisometrum mileense. 25068901 10 75 theme membrane 1710:1717 arg1 integrity 1719:1727 membrane integrity 1710:1727 membrane integrity 1710:1727 It was demonstrated that low rates of phospholipase D-mediated PA formation in P. mileense might limit its ability to degrade lipids to PA, thereby maintaining membrane integrity following desiccation. 25068901 1 76 theme complete 250:257 arg1 loss 265:268 almost complete water loss 243:268 almost complete water loss 243:268 Resurrection plants usually grow in specific or extreme habitats and have the capacity to survive almost complete water loss. 24510979 11 0 theme type 1228:1231 arg1 GD05T 1243:1247 GD05T 1243:1247 GD05T (=CCTCC AB 2013105T=KCTC 33117T) 1243:1280 The type strain is GD05T (=CCTCC AB 2013105T=KCTC 33117T). 24510979 11 0 theme type 1228:1231 arg1 strain 1233:1238 The type strain 1224:1238 The type strain 1224:1238 The type strain is GD05T (=CCTCC AB 2013105T=KCTC 33117T). 24510979 3 1 theme 1  458:459 arg1 % 460:460 % 460:460 % 460:460 Cells of both strains were facultatively anaerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and could grow optimally at 50 °C, pH 8.0 and with 1 % (w/v) NaCl. 24510979 9 2 theme Sinibacillus 1173:1184 arg1 nov. 1196:1199 the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov. 1164:1199 the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov. 1164:1199 On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the novel strains represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 4 3 theme sequence 504:511 arg1 Analysis 474:481 Analysis 474:481 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence 474:511 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that these two isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae, but did not show sequence similarities of more than 95% to members of other related genera. 24510979 8 4 theme meso-diaminopimelic 964:982 arg1 A1γ 959:961 A1γ 959:961 A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct) 959:995 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct). 24510979 8 4 theme meso-diaminopimelic 964:982 arg1 acid 984:987 meso-diaminopimelic acid direct 964:994 meso-diaminopimelic acid direct 964:994 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct). 24510979 3 5 theme % 460:460 arg1 NaCl 468:471 1 % (w/v) NaCl 458:471 1 % (w/v) NaCl 458:471 Cells of both strains were facultatively anaerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and could grow optimally at 50 °C, pH 8.0 and with 1 % (w/v) NaCl. 24510979 4 6 theme gene 499:502 arg1 sequence 504:511 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 486:511 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 486:511 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that these two isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae, but did not show sequence similarities of more than 95% to members of other related genera. 24510979 11 7 theme AB 1257:1258 arg1 33117T 1274:1279 =CCTCC AB 2013105T=KCTC 33117T 1250:1279 =CCTCC AB 2013105T=KCTC 33117T 1250:1279 The type strain is GD05T (=CCTCC AB 2013105T=KCTC 33117T). 24510979 11 7 theme AB 1257:1258 arg1 GD05T 1243:1247 GD05T 1243:1247 GD05T (=CCTCC AB 2013105T=KCTC 33117T) 1243:1280 The type strain is GD05T (=CCTCC AB 2013105T=KCTC 33117T). 24510979 9 8 theme name 1168:1171 arg1 nov. 1196:1199 the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov. 1164:1199 the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov. 1164:1199 On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the novel strains represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 4 9 theme genera 666:671 arg1 members 641:647 members 641:647 members of other related genera 641:671 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that these two isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae, but did not show sequence similarities of more than 95% to members of other related genera. 24510979 3 10 theme strains 337:343 arg1 Cells 323:327 Cells 323:327 Cells of both strains 323:343 Cells of both strains were facultatively anaerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and could grow optimally at 50 °C, pH 8.0 and with 1 % (w/v) NaCl. 24510979 2 11 theme endospore-forming 144:160 arg1 bacteria 162:169 Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria 101:169 Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains GD05T and GD051, 101:238 Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains GD05T and GD051, were isolated from a tropical forest soil and a hot spring sediment, respectively. 24510979 4 12 theme related 658:664 arg1 genera 666:671 other related genera 652:671 other related genera 652:671 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that these two isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae, but did not show sequence similarities of more than 95% to members of other related genera. 24510979 9 13 theme novel 1080:1084 arg1 species 1086:1092 a novel species 1078:1092 a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp 1078:1203 On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the novel strains represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 2 14 theme forest 270:275 arg1 soil 277:280 a tropical forest soil 259:280 a tropical forest soil 259:280 Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains GD05T and GD051, were isolated from a tropical forest soil and a hot spring sediment, respectively. 24510979 11 15 theme 2013105T=KCTC 1260:1272 arg1 33117T 1274:1279 =CCTCC AB 2013105T=KCTC 33117T 1250:1279 =CCTCC AB 2013105T=KCTC 33117T 1250:1279 The type strain is GD05T (=CCTCC AB 2013105T=KCTC 33117T). 24510979 11 15 theme 2013105T=KCTC 1260:1272 arg1 GD05T 1243:1247 GD05T 1243:1247 GD05T (=CCTCC AB 2013105T=KCTC 33117T) 1243:1280 The type strain is GD05T (=CCTCC AB 2013105T=KCTC 33117T). 24510979 9 16 theme soli 1186:1189 arg1 nov. 1196:1199 the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov. 1164:1199 the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov. 1164:1199 On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the novel strains represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 2 17 theme tropical 261:268 arg1 soil 277:280 a tropical forest soil 259:280 a tropical forest soil 259:280 Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains GD05T and GD051, were isolated from a tropical forest soil and a hot spring sediment, respectively. 24510979 9 18 dep analysis 1040:1047 arg1 the 1001:1003 the 1001:1003 the 1001:1003 On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the novel strains represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 9 18 dep analysis 1040:1047 arg1 basis 1005:1009 basis 1005:1009 basis 1005:1009 On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the novel strains represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 11 19 theme =CCTCC 1250:1255 arg1 33117T 1274:1279 =CCTCC AB 2013105T=KCTC 33117T 1250:1279 =CCTCC AB 2013105T=KCTC 33117T 1250:1279 The type strain is GD05T (=CCTCC AB 2013105T=KCTC 33117T). 24510979 11 19 theme =CCTCC 1250:1255 arg1 GD05T 1243:1247 GD05T 1243:1247 GD05T (=CCTCC AB 2013105T=KCTC 33117T) 1243:1280 The type strain is GD05T (=CCTCC AB 2013105T=KCTC 33117T). 24510979 2 20 theme rod-shaped 129:138 arg1 bacteria 162:169 Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria 101:169 Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains GD05T and GD051, 101:238 Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains GD05T and GD051, were isolated from a tropical forest soil and a hot spring sediment, respectively. 24510979 7 21 theme main 824:827 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 847:868 diphosphatidylglycerol 847:868 diphosphatidylglycerol 847:868 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, and the major menaquinone was MK-7. 24510979 7 21 theme main 824:827 arg1 lipids 835:840 The main polar lipids 820:840 The main polar lipids 820:840 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, and the major menaquinone was MK-7. 24510979 1 22 theme thermotolerant 52:65 arg1 member 67:72 a moderately thermotolerant member 39:72 a moderately thermotolerant member of the family Bacillaceae 39:98 nov., a moderately thermotolerant member of the family Bacillaceae. 24510979 1 22 theme thermotolerant 52:65 arg1 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov., a moderately thermotolerant member of the family Bacillaceae. 24510979 0 23 theme soli 13:16 arg1 nov. 23:26 Sinibacillus soli gen. nov. 0:26 Sinibacillus soli gen. nov. 0:26 Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 8 24 theme peptidoglycan 936:948 arg1 A1γ 959:961 A1γ 959:961 A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct) 959:995 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct). 24510979 8 24 theme peptidoglycan 936:948 arg1 type 950:953 The peptidoglycan type 932:953 The peptidoglycan type 932:953 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct). 24510979 7 25 theme polar 829:833 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 847:868 diphosphatidylglycerol 847:868 diphosphatidylglycerol 847:868 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, and the major menaquinone was MK-7. 24510979 7 25 theme polar 829:833 arg1 lipids 835:840 The main polar lipids 820:840 The main polar lipids 820:840 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, and the major menaquinone was MK-7. 24510979 2 26 theme spring 292:297 arg1 sediment 299:306 a hot spring sediment 286:306 a hot spring sediment 286:306 Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains GD05T and GD051, were isolated from a tropical forest soil and a hot spring sediment, respectively. 24510979 0 27 theme Sinibacillus 0:11 arg1 nov. 23:26 Sinibacillus soli gen. nov. 0:26 Sinibacillus soli gen. nov. 0:26 Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 9 28 theme new 1099:1101 arg1 Bacillales 1142:1151 order Bacillales 1136:1151 order Bacillales 1136:1151 On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the novel strains represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 9 28 theme new 1099:1101 arg1 genus 1103:1107 a new genus 1097:1107 a new genus in the family Bacillaceae 1097:1133 On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the novel strains represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 3 29 dep % 460:460 arg1 w/v 463:465 w/v 463:465 w/v 463:465 Cells of both strains were facultatively anaerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and could grow optimally at 50 °C, pH 8.0 and with 1 % (w/v) NaCl. 24510979 5 30 theme DNA 705:707 arg1 content 682:688 The G+C content 674:688 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 674:707 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 43.7-44.1 mol%. 24510979 5 30 theme DNA 705:707 arg1 % 726:726 43.7-44.1 mol% 713:726 43.7-44.1 mol% 713:726 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 43.7-44.1 mol%. 24510979 8 31 theme direct 989:994 arg1 A1γ 959:961 A1γ 959:961 A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct) 959:995 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct). 24510979 8 31 theme direct 989:994 arg1 acid 984:987 meso-diaminopimelic acid direct 964:994 meso-diaminopimelic acid direct 964:994 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid direct). 24510979 9 32 theme genus 1103:1107 arg1 species 1086:1092 a novel species 1078:1092 a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp 1078:1203 On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the novel strains represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 4 33 theme other 652:656 arg1 genera 666:671 other related genera 652:671 other related genera 652:671 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that these two isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae, but did not show sequence similarities of more than 95% to members of other related genera. 24510979 5 34 theme mol 723:725 arg1 % 726:726 43.7-44.1 mol% 713:726 43.7-44.1 mol% 713:726 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 43.7-44.1 mol%. 24510979 5 34 theme mol 723:725 arg1 content 682:688 The G+C content 674:688 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 674:707 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 43.7-44.1 mol%. 24510979 2 35 theme hot 288:290 arg1 sediment 299:306 a hot spring sediment 286:306 a hot spring sediment 286:306 Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains GD05T and GD051, were isolated from a tropical forest soil and a hot spring sediment, respectively. 24510979 4 36 theme rRNA 494:497 arg1 sequence 504:511 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 486:511 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 486:511 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that these two isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae, but did not show sequence similarities of more than 95% to members of other related genera. 24510979 9 37 theme taxonomic 1030:1038 arg1 analysis 1040:1047 this polyphasic taxonomic analysis 1014:1047 this polyphasic taxonomic analysis 1014:1047 On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the novel strains represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 1 38 theme family 81:86 arg1 Bacillaceae 88:98 the family Bacillaceae 77:98 the family Bacillaceae 77:98 nov., a moderately thermotolerant member of the family Bacillaceae. 24510979 2 39 dep strains 215:221 arg1 strains 215:221 strains 215:221 strains GD05T and GD051 215:237 Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains GD05T and GD051, were isolated from a tropical forest soil and a hot spring sediment, respectively. 24510979 2 39 dep strains 215:221 arg1 GD051 233:237 GD051 233:237 GD051 233:237 Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains GD05T and GD051, were isolated from a tropical forest soil and a hot spring sediment, respectively. 24510979 2 39 dep strains 215:221 arg1 GD05T 223:227 GD05T 223:227 GD05T 223:227 Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains GD05T and GD051, were isolated from a tropical forest soil and a hot spring sediment, respectively. 24510979 5 40 theme G+C 678:680 arg1 content 682:688 The G+C content 674:688 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 674:707 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 43.7-44.1 mol%. 24510979 5 40 theme G+C 678:680 arg1 % 726:726 43.7-44.1 mol% 713:726 43.7-44.1 mol% 713:726 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 43.7-44.1 mol%. 24510979 4 41 theme 16S 490:492 arg1 rRNA 494:497 the 16S rRNA 486:497 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 486:511 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that these two isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae, but did not show sequence similarities of more than 95% to members of other related genera. 24510979 6 42 theme fatty 748:752 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 765:777 anteiso-C15:0 765:777 anteiso-C15:0 765:777 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24510979 6 42 theme fatty 748:752 arg1 acids 754:758 The major cellular fatty acids 729:758 The major cellular fatty acids 729:758 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24510979 6 43 theme cellular 739:746 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 765:777 anteiso-C15:0 765:777 anteiso-C15:0 765:777 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24510979 6 43 theme cellular 739:746 arg1 acids 754:758 The major cellular fatty acids 729:758 The major cellular fatty acids 729:758 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24510979 4 44 theme family 562:567 arg1 Bacillaceae 569:579 the family Bacillaceae 558:579 the family Bacillaceae 558:579 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that these two isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae, but did not show sequence similarities of more than 95% to members of other related genera. 24510979 6 45 theme major 733:737 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 765:777 anteiso-C15:0 765:777 anteiso-C15:0 765:777 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24510979 6 45 theme major 733:737 arg1 acids 754:758 The major cellular fatty acids 729:758 The major cellular fatty acids 729:758 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 24510979 0 46 dep sp 29:30 arg1 nov. 23:26 Sinibacillus soli gen. nov. 0:26 Sinibacillus soli gen. nov. 0:26 Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 9 47 theme gen. 1191:1194 arg1 nov. 1196:1199 the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov. 1164:1199 the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov. 1164:1199 On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the novel strains represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 1 48 theme Bacillaceae 88:98 arg1 member 67:72 a moderately thermotolerant member 39:72 a moderately thermotolerant member of the family Bacillaceae 39:98 nov., a moderately thermotolerant member of the family Bacillaceae. 24510979 1 48 theme Bacillaceae 88:98 arg1 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov., a moderately thermotolerant member of the family Bacillaceae. 24510979 9 49 dep sp 1202:1203 arg1 nov. 1196:1199 the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov. 1164:1199 the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov. 1164:1199 On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the novel strains represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 7 50 theme major 904:908 arg1 menaquinone 910:920 the major menaquinone 900:920 the major menaquinone 900:920 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, and the major menaquinone was MK-7. 24510979 7 50 theme major 904:908 arg1 MK-7 926:929 MK-7 926:929 MK-7 926:929 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, and the major menaquinone was MK-7. 24510979 9 51 theme family 1116:1121 arg1 Bacillaceae 1123:1133 the family Bacillaceae 1112:1133 the family Bacillaceae 1112:1133 On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the novel strains represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 9 52 theme order 1136:1140 arg1 Bacillales 1142:1151 order Bacillales 1136:1151 order Bacillales 1136:1151 On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the novel strains represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 9 52 theme order 1136:1140 arg1 genus 1103:1107 a new genus 1097:1107 a new genus in the family Bacillaceae 1097:1133 On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the novel strains represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 9 53 theme polyphasic 1019:1028 arg1 analysis 1040:1047 this polyphasic taxonomic analysis 1014:1047 this polyphasic taxonomic analysis 1014:1047 On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the novel strains represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 4 54 theme % 636:636 arg1 similarities 608:619 sequence similarities 599:619 sequence similarities of more than 95% to members of other related genera 599:671 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that these two isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae, but did not show sequence similarities of more than 95% to members of other related genera. 24510979 2 55 attach isolated 245:252 arg2 bacteria 162:169 Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria 101:169 Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains GD05T and GD051, 101:238 Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains GD05T and GD051, were isolated from a tropical forest soil and a hot spring sediment, respectively. 24510979 2 55 attach isolated 245:252 arg1 sediment 299:306 a hot spring sediment 286:306 a hot spring sediment 286:306 Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains GD05T and GD051, were isolated from a tropical forest soil and a hot spring sediment, respectively. 24510979 2 55 attach isolated 245:252 arg1 soil 277:280 a tropical forest soil 259:280 a tropical forest soil 259:280 Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains GD05T and GD051, were isolated from a tropical forest soil and a hot spring sediment, respectively. 24510979 9 56 from species 1086:1092 arg1 Bacillaceae 1123:1133 the family Bacillaceae 1112:1133 the family Bacillaceae 1112:1133 On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the novel strains represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 2 57 theme single 188:193 arg1 species 195:201 a single species 186:201 a single species 186:201 Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains GD05T and GD051, were isolated from a tropical forest soil and a hot spring sediment, respectively. 24510979 4 58 theme sequence 599:606 arg1 similarities 608:619 sequence similarities 599:619 sequence similarities of more than 95% to members of other related genera 599:671 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that these two isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae, but did not show sequence similarities of more than 95% to members of other related genera. 24510979 9 59 from genus 1103:1107 arg1 Bacillaceae 1123:1133 the family Bacillaceae 1112:1133 the family Bacillaceae 1112:1133 On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the novel strains represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 2 60 theme Gram-staining-positive 105:126 arg1 bacteria 162:169 Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria 101:169 Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains GD05T and GD051, 101:238 Two Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains GD05T and GD051, were isolated from a tropical forest soil and a hot spring sediment, respectively. 24510979 0 61 theme gen. 18:21 arg1 nov. 23:26 Sinibacillus soli gen. nov. 0:26 Sinibacillus soli gen. nov. 0:26 Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 9 62 theme novel 1054:1058 arg1 strains 1060:1066 the novel strains 1050:1066 the novel strains 1050:1066 On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the novel strains represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 24510979 5 63 theme genomic 697:703 arg1 DNA 705:707 the genomic DNA 693:707 the genomic DNA 693:707 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 43.7-44.1 mol%. 24510979 9 64 from Bacillaceae 1123:1133 arg1 species 1086:1092 a novel species 1078:1092 a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp 1078:1203 On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the novel strains represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Sinibacillus soli gen. nov., sp. 26498625 6 0 theme infrared 872:879 arg1 spectra 897:903 infrared (FTIR) scanning spectra 872:903 infrared (FTIR) scanning spectra 872:903 According to the results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) scanning spectra and DNA apopladder analysis, He-Ne laser was showed to efficiently ameliorate cell wall polysaccharide damage and DNA fragmentation phenomena. 26498625 3 1 theme ROS 496:498 arg1 levels 500:505 ROS levels 496:505 ROS levels 496:505 ROS levels and genomic DNA damage were markedly increased compared with controls. 26498625 6 2 theme Fourier 854:860 arg1 results 843:849 the results 839:849 the results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) scanning spectra and DNA apopladder analysis 839:931 According to the results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) scanning spectra and DNA apopladder analysis, He-Ne laser was showed to efficiently ameliorate cell wall polysaccharide damage and DNA fragmentation phenomena. 26498625 8 3 theme laser 1236:1240 arg1 irradiation 1242:1252 He-Ne laser irradiation 1230:1252 He-Ne laser irradiation 1230:1252 Therefore, our data illustrated that He-Ne laser irradiation resulted in cell wall reconstruction and genomic DNA injury repair in vivo in salt-stressed seedlings, then enhanced salt tolerance probably via interactions between plant cell wall and related resistance gene expression pattern. 26498625 6 4 theme He-Ne 934:938 arg1 laser 940:944 He-Ne laser 934:944 He-Ne laser 934:944 According to the results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) scanning spectra and DNA apopladder analysis, He-Ne laser was showed to efficiently ameliorate cell wall polysaccharide damage and DNA fragmentation phenomena. 26498625 8 5 theme injury 1307:1312 arg1 repair 1314:1319 genomic DNA injury repair 1295:1319 genomic DNA injury repair 1295:1319 Therefore, our data illustrated that He-Ne laser irradiation resulted in cell wall reconstruction and genomic DNA injury repair in vivo in salt-stressed seedlings, then enhanced salt tolerance probably via interactions between plant cell wall and related resistance gene expression pattern. 26498625 3 6 theme DNA 519:521 arg1 damage 523:528 genomic DNA damage 511:528 genomic DNA damage 511:528 ROS levels and genomic DNA damage were markedly increased compared with controls. 26498625 0 7 theme irradiation 117:127 arg1 effects 94:100 the improved salt tolerance effects 66:100 the improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings 66:152 Cell wall reconstruction and DNA damage repair play a key role in the improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 1 8 theme improved 159:166 arg1 tolerance 173:181 The improved salt tolerance 155:181 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser 155:204 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 8 9 theme cell 1266:1269 arg1 reconstruction 1276:1289 cell wall reconstruction 1266:1289 cell wall reconstruction 1266:1289 Therefore, our data illustrated that He-Ne laser irradiation resulted in cell wall reconstruction and genomic DNA injury repair in vivo in salt-stressed seedlings, then enhanced salt tolerance probably via interactions between plant cell wall and related resistance gene expression pattern. 26498625 6 10 theme DNA 1019:1021 arg1 fragmentation 1023:1035 DNA fragmentation 1019:1035 DNA fragmentation 1019:1035 According to the results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) scanning spectra and DNA apopladder analysis, He-Ne laser was showed to efficiently ameliorate cell wall polysaccharide damage and DNA fragmentation phenomena. 26498625 4 11 theme wall 644:647 arg1 polysaccharide 649:662 cell wall polysaccharide 639:662 cell wall polysaccharide 639:662 Physicochemical activities and monosaccharide proportions of cell wall polysaccharide were also pronouncedly altered. 26498625 5 12 theme growth 735:740 arg1 retardation 742:752 plant growth retardation 729:752 plant growth retardation 729:752 He-Ne laser irradiation improved plant growth retardation via increasing cell viability and reverting physicochemical parameters. 26498625 1 13 theme compositions 350:361 arg1 estimation 239:248 the estimation 235:248 the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings 235:415 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 1 14 theme tolerance 173:181 arg1 effects 183:189 The improved salt tolerance effects 155:189 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser 155:204 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 6 15 theme damage 1008:1013 arg1 phenomena 1037:1045 cell wall polysaccharide damage and DNA fragmentation phenomena 983:1045 cell wall polysaccharide damage and DNA fragmentation phenomena 983:1045 According to the results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) scanning spectra and DNA apopladder analysis, He-Ne laser was showed to efficiently ameliorate cell wall polysaccharide damage and DNA fragmentation phenomena. 26498625 0 16 theme He-Ne 105:109 arg1 irradiation 117:127 He-Ne laser irradiation 105:127 He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings 105:152 Cell wall reconstruction and DNA damage repair play a key role in the improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 1 17 theme cell 366:369 arg1 polysaccharides 376:390 cell wall polysaccharides 366:390 cell wall polysaccharides 366:390 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 7 18 theme synthesis 1071:1079 arg1 inhibitor 1081:1089 DNA synthesis inhibitor 1067:1089 DNA synthesis inhibitor 1067:1089 The treatment with DNA synthesis inhibitor further demonstrated that DNA damage repair was correlated with the improvement effects of the laser. 26498625 8 19 theme genomic 1295:1301 arg1 repair 1314:1319 genomic DNA injury repair 1295:1319 genomic DNA injury repair 1295:1319 Therefore, our data illustrated that He-Ne laser irradiation resulted in cell wall reconstruction and genomic DNA injury repair in vivo in salt-stressed seedlings, then enhanced salt tolerance probably via interactions between plant cell wall and related resistance gene expression pattern. 26498625 6 20 theme wall 988:991 arg1 damage 1008:1013 cell wall polysaccharide damage 983:1013 cell wall polysaccharide damage 983:1013 According to the results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) scanning spectra and DNA apopladder analysis, He-Ne laser was showed to efficiently ameliorate cell wall polysaccharide damage and DNA fragmentation phenomena. 26498625 7 21 theme DNA 1117:1119 arg1 repair 1128:1133 DNA damage repair 1117:1133 DNA damage repair 1117:1133 The treatment with DNA synthesis inhibitor further demonstrated that DNA damage repair was correlated with the improvement effects of the laser. 26498625 1 22 theme polysaccharides 376:390 arg1 levels 257:262 ROS levels 253:262 ROS levels 253:262 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 1 22 theme polysaccharides 376:390 arg1 viability 270:278 cell viability 265:278 cell viability 265:278 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 1 22 theme polysaccharides 376:390 arg1 compositions 350:361 monosaccharide compositions 335:361 monosaccharide compositions 335:361 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 1 22 theme polysaccharides 376:390 arg1 phenomena 292:300 DNA damage phenomena 281:300 DNA damage phenomena 281:300 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 1 22 theme polysaccharides 376:390 arg1 properties 319:328 physicochemical properties 303:328 physicochemical properties 303:328 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 8 23 theme salt 1371:1374 arg1 tolerance 1376:1384 salt tolerance 1371:1384 salt tolerance 1371:1384 Therefore, our data illustrated that He-Ne laser irradiation resulted in cell wall reconstruction and genomic DNA injury repair in vivo in salt-stressed seedlings, then enhanced salt tolerance probably via interactions between plant cell wall and related resistance gene expression pattern. 26498625 0 24 theme tall 132:135 arg1 seedlings 144:152 tall fescue seedlings 132:152 tall fescue seedlings 132:152 Cell wall reconstruction and DNA damage repair play a key role in the improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 1 25 theme tall 395:398 arg1 seedlings 407:415 tall fescue seedlings 395:415 tall fescue seedlings 395:415 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 5 26 theme physicochemical 798:812 arg1 parameters 814:823 physicochemical parameters 798:823 physicochemical parameters 798:823 He-Ne laser irradiation improved plant growth retardation via increasing cell viability and reverting physicochemical parameters. 26498625 1 27 theme damage 285:290 arg1 phenomena 292:300 DNA damage phenomena 281:300 DNA damage phenomena 281:300 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 5 28 theme laser 702:706 arg1 irradiation 708:718 He-Ne laser irradiation 696:718 He-Ne laser irradiation 696:718 He-Ne laser irradiation improved plant growth retardation via increasing cell viability and reverting physicochemical parameters. 26498625 7 29 with treatment 1052:1060 arg1 inhibitor 1081:1089 DNA synthesis inhibitor 1067:1089 DNA synthesis inhibitor 1067:1089 The treatment with DNA synthesis inhibitor further demonstrated that DNA damage repair was correlated with the improvement effects of the laser. 26498625 8 30 theme plant 1420:1424 arg1 wall 1431:1434 plant cell wall 1420:1434 plant cell wall 1420:1434 Therefore, our data illustrated that He-Ne laser irradiation resulted in cell wall reconstruction and genomic DNA injury repair in vivo in salt-stressed seedlings, then enhanced salt tolerance probably via interactions between plant cell wall and related resistance gene expression pattern. 26498625 5 31 theme cell 769:772 arg1 viability 774:782 cell viability 769:782 cell viability 769:782 He-Ne laser irradiation improved plant growth retardation via increasing cell viability and reverting physicochemical parameters. 26498625 1 32 theme properties 319:328 arg1 estimation 239:248 the estimation 235:248 the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings 235:415 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 0 33 theme salt 79:82 arg1 tolerance 84:92 the improved salt tolerance 66:92 the improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings 66:152 Cell wall reconstruction and DNA damage repair play a key role in the improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 2 34 from effects 451:457 arg1 seedlings 462:470 seedlings growth and development 462:493 seedlings growth and development 462:493 Salt stress produced deleterious effects on seedlings growth and development. 26498625 2 34 from effects 451:457 arg1 development 483:493 development 483:493 development 483:493 Salt stress produced deleterious effects on seedlings growth and development. 26498625 2 34 from effects 451:457 arg1 growth 472:477 growth 472:477 growth 472:477 Salt stress produced deleterious effects on seedlings growth and development. 26498625 8 35 theme related 1440:1446 arg1 pattern 1475:1481 related resistance gene expression pattern 1440:1481 related resistance gene expression pattern 1440:1481 Therefore, our data illustrated that He-Ne laser irradiation resulted in cell wall reconstruction and genomic DNA injury repair in vivo in salt-stressed seedlings, then enhanced salt tolerance probably via interactions between plant cell wall and related resistance gene expression pattern. 26498625 0 36 theme Cell 0:3 arg1 reconstruction 10:23 Cell wall reconstruction 0:23 Cell wall reconstruction 0:23 Cell wall reconstruction and DNA damage repair play a key role in the improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 8 37 theme gene 1459:1462 arg1 pattern 1475:1481 related resistance gene expression pattern 1440:1481 related resistance gene expression pattern 1440:1481 Therefore, our data illustrated that He-Ne laser irradiation resulted in cell wall reconstruction and genomic DNA injury repair in vivo in salt-stressed seedlings, then enhanced salt tolerance probably via interactions between plant cell wall and related resistance gene expression pattern. 26498625 1 38 theme levels 257:262 arg1 estimation 239:248 the estimation 235:248 the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings 235:415 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 6 39 theme apopladder 913:922 arg1 analysis 924:931 DNA apopladder analysis 909:931 DNA apopladder analysis 909:931 According to the results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) scanning spectra and DNA apopladder analysis, He-Ne laser was showed to efficiently ameliorate cell wall polysaccharide damage and DNA fragmentation phenomena. 26498625 0 40 from seedlings 144:152 arg1 effects 94:100 the improved salt tolerance effects 66:100 the improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings 66:152 Cell wall reconstruction and DNA damage repair play a key role in the improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 0 41 theme DNA 29:31 arg1 repair 40:45 DNA damage repair 29:45 DNA damage repair 29:45 Cell wall reconstruction and DNA damage repair play a key role in the improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 1 42 theme cell 265:268 arg1 viability 270:278 cell viability 265:278 cell viability 265:278 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 2 43 theme deleterious 439:449 arg1 effects 451:457 deleterious effects 439:457 deleterious effects on seedlings growth and development 439:493 Salt stress produced deleterious effects on seedlings growth and development. 26498625 2 44 dep seedlings 462:470 arg1 seedlings 462:470 seedlings growth and development 462:493 seedlings growth and development 462:493 Salt stress produced deleterious effects on seedlings growth and development. 26498625 2 44 dep seedlings 462:470 arg1 development 483:493 development 483:493 development 483:493 Salt stress produced deleterious effects on seedlings growth and development. 26498625 2 44 dep seedlings 462:470 arg1 growth 472:477 growth 472:477 growth 472:477 Salt stress produced deleterious effects on seedlings growth and development. 26498625 6 45 theme scanning 888:895 arg1 spectra 897:903 infrared (FTIR) scanning spectra 872:903 infrared (FTIR) scanning spectra 872:903 According to the results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) scanning spectra and DNA apopladder analysis, He-Ne laser was showed to efficiently ameliorate cell wall polysaccharide damage and DNA fragmentation phenomena. 26498625 8 46 dep resulted 1254:1261 arg1 enhanced 1362:1369 enhanced 1362:1369 enhanced salt tolerance probably via interactions between plant cell wall and related resistance gene expression pattern 1362:1481 Therefore, our data illustrated that He-Ne laser irradiation resulted in cell wall reconstruction and genomic DNA injury repair in vivo in salt-stressed seedlings, then enhanced salt tolerance probably via interactions between plant cell wall and related resistance gene expression pattern. 26498625 1 47 theme He-Ne 194:198 arg1 laser 200:204 He-Ne laser 194:204 He-Ne laser 194:204 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 6 48 theme FTIR 882:885 arg1 spectra 897:903 infrared (FTIR) scanning spectra 872:903 infrared (FTIR) scanning spectra 872:903 According to the results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) scanning spectra and DNA apopladder analysis, He-Ne laser was showed to efficiently ameliorate cell wall polysaccharide damage and DNA fragmentation phenomena. 26498625 0 49 from effects 94:100 arg1 seedlings 144:152 tall fescue seedlings 132:152 tall fescue seedlings 132:152 Cell wall reconstruction and DNA damage repair play a key role in the improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 7 50 theme laser 1186:1190 arg1 effects 1171:1177 the improvement effects 1155:1177 the improvement effects of the laser 1155:1190 The treatment with DNA synthesis inhibitor further demonstrated that DNA damage repair was correlated with the improvement effects of the laser. 26498625 0 51 from irradiation 117:127 arg1 seedlings 144:152 tall fescue seedlings 132:152 tall fescue seedlings 132:152 Cell wall reconstruction and DNA damage repair play a key role in the improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 7 52 theme improvement 1159:1169 arg1 effects 1171:1177 the improvement effects 1155:1177 the improvement effects of the laser 1155:1190 The treatment with DNA synthesis inhibitor further demonstrated that DNA damage repair was correlated with the improvement effects of the laser. 26498625 3 53 theme genomic 511:517 arg1 damage 523:528 genomic DNA damage 511:528 genomic DNA damage 511:528 ROS levels and genomic DNA damage were markedly increased compared with controls. 26498625 8 54 theme He-Ne 1230:1234 arg1 irradiation 1242:1252 He-Ne laser irradiation 1230:1252 He-Ne laser irradiation 1230:1252 Therefore, our data illustrated that He-Ne laser irradiation resulted in cell wall reconstruction and genomic DNA injury repair in vivo in salt-stressed seedlings, then enhanced salt tolerance probably via interactions between plant cell wall and related resistance gene expression pattern. 26498625 8 55 theme DNA 1303:1305 arg1 repair 1314:1319 genomic DNA injury repair 1295:1319 genomic DNA injury repair 1295:1319 Therefore, our data illustrated that He-Ne laser irradiation resulted in cell wall reconstruction and genomic DNA injury repair in vivo in salt-stressed seedlings, then enhanced salt tolerance probably via interactions between plant cell wall and related resistance gene expression pattern. 26498625 6 56 theme fragmentation 1023:1035 arg1 phenomena 1037:1045 cell wall polysaccharide damage and DNA fragmentation phenomena 983:1045 cell wall polysaccharide damage and DNA fragmentation phenomena 983:1045 According to the results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) scanning spectra and DNA apopladder analysis, He-Ne laser was showed to efficiently ameliorate cell wall polysaccharide damage and DNA fragmentation phenomena. 26498625 6 57 dep Fourier 854:860 arg1 transform 862:870 transform 862:870 transform infrared (FTIR) scanning spectra and DNA apopladder analysis 862:931 According to the results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) scanning spectra and DNA apopladder analysis, He-Ne laser was showed to efficiently ameliorate cell wall polysaccharide damage and DNA fragmentation phenomena. 26498625 5 58 theme plant 729:733 arg1 retardation 742:752 plant growth retardation 729:752 plant growth retardation 729:752 He-Ne laser irradiation improved plant growth retardation via increasing cell viability and reverting physicochemical parameters. 26498625 1 59 theme salt 168:171 arg1 tolerance 173:181 The improved salt tolerance 155:181 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser 155:204 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 4 60 theme cell 639:642 arg1 polysaccharide 649:662 cell wall polysaccharide 639:662 cell wall polysaccharide 639:662 Physicochemical activities and monosaccharide proportions of cell wall polysaccharide were also pronouncedly altered. 26498625 0 61 theme laser 111:115 arg1 irradiation 117:127 He-Ne laser irradiation 105:127 He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings 105:152 Cell wall reconstruction and DNA damage repair play a key role in the improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 8 62 theme wall 1271:1274 arg1 reconstruction 1276:1289 cell wall reconstruction 1266:1289 cell wall reconstruction 1266:1289 Therefore, our data illustrated that He-Ne laser irradiation resulted in cell wall reconstruction and genomic DNA injury repair in vivo in salt-stressed seedlings, then enhanced salt tolerance probably via interactions between plant cell wall and related resistance gene expression pattern. 26498625 6 63 theme polysaccharide 993:1006 arg1 damage 1008:1013 cell wall polysaccharide damage 983:1013 cell wall polysaccharide damage 983:1013 According to the results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) scanning spectra and DNA apopladder analysis, He-Ne laser was showed to efficiently ameliorate cell wall polysaccharide damage and DNA fragmentation phenomena. 26498625 4 64 theme polysaccharide 649:662 arg1 activities 594:603 Physicochemical activities 578:603 Physicochemical activities 578:603 Physicochemical activities and monosaccharide proportions of cell wall polysaccharide were also pronouncedly altered. 26498625 4 64 theme polysaccharide 649:662 arg1 proportions 624:634 monosaccharide proportions 609:634 monosaccharide proportions 609:634 Physicochemical activities and monosaccharide proportions of cell wall polysaccharide were also pronouncedly altered. 26498625 5 65 theme He-Ne 696:700 arg1 irradiation 708:718 He-Ne laser irradiation 696:718 He-Ne laser irradiation 696:718 He-Ne laser irradiation improved plant growth retardation via increasing cell viability and reverting physicochemical parameters. 26498625 1 66 theme wall 371:374 arg1 polysaccharides 376:390 cell wall polysaccharides 366:390 cell wall polysaccharides 366:390 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 6 67 theme cell 983:986 arg1 damage 1008:1013 cell wall polysaccharide damage 983:1013 cell wall polysaccharide damage 983:1013 According to the results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) scanning spectra and DNA apopladder analysis, He-Ne laser was showed to efficiently ameliorate cell wall polysaccharide damage and DNA fragmentation phenomena. 26498625 0 68 theme fescue 137:142 arg1 seedlings 144:152 tall fescue seedlings 132:152 tall fescue seedlings 132:152 Cell wall reconstruction and DNA damage repair play a key role in the improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 7 69 theme DNA 1067:1069 arg1 inhibitor 1081:1089 DNA synthesis inhibitor 1067:1089 DNA synthesis inhibitor 1067:1089 The treatment with DNA synthesis inhibitor further demonstrated that DNA damage repair was correlated with the improvement effects of the laser. 26498625 0 70 theme key 54:56 arg1 role 58:61 a key role 52:61 a key role 52:61 Cell wall reconstruction and DNA damage repair play a key role in the improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 1 71 theme fescue 400:405 arg1 seedlings 407:415 tall fescue seedlings 395:415 tall fescue seedlings 395:415 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 1 72 theme phenomena 292:300 arg1 estimation 239:248 the estimation 235:248 the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings 235:415 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 1 73 from estimation 239:248 arg1 seedlings 407:415 tall fescue seedlings 395:415 tall fescue seedlings 395:415 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 0 74 theme improved 70:77 arg1 tolerance 84:92 the improved salt tolerance 66:92 the improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings 66:152 Cell wall reconstruction and DNA damage repair play a key role in the improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 1 75 theme physicochemical 303:317 arg1 properties 319:328 physicochemical properties 303:328 physicochemical properties 303:328 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 0 76 theme tolerance 84:92 arg1 effects 94:100 the improved salt tolerance effects 66:100 the improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings 66:152 Cell wall reconstruction and DNA damage repair play a key role in the improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 8 77 theme cell 1426:1429 arg1 wall 1431:1434 plant cell wall 1420:1434 plant cell wall 1420:1434 Therefore, our data illustrated that He-Ne laser irradiation resulted in cell wall reconstruction and genomic DNA injury repair in vivo in salt-stressed seedlings, then enhanced salt tolerance probably via interactions between plant cell wall and related resistance gene expression pattern. 26498625 0 78 theme wall 5:8 arg1 reconstruction 10:23 Cell wall reconstruction 0:23 Cell wall reconstruction 0:23 Cell wall reconstruction and DNA damage repair play a key role in the improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 1 79 theme monosaccharide 335:348 arg1 compositions 350:361 monosaccharide compositions 335:361 monosaccharide compositions 335:361 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 2 80 theme Salt 418:421 arg1 stress 423:428 Salt stress 418:428 Salt stress 418:428 Salt stress produced deleterious effects on seedlings growth and development. 26498625 1 81 theme ROS 253:255 arg1 levels 257:262 ROS levels 253:262 ROS levels 253:262 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 7 82 theme damage 1121:1126 arg1 repair 1128:1133 DNA damage repair 1117:1133 DNA damage repair 1117:1133 The treatment with DNA synthesis inhibitor further demonstrated that DNA damage repair was correlated with the improvement effects of the laser. 26498625 8 83 theme resistance 1448:1457 arg1 pattern 1475:1481 related resistance gene expression pattern 1440:1481 related resistance gene expression pattern 1440:1481 Therefore, our data illustrated that He-Ne laser irradiation resulted in cell wall reconstruction and genomic DNA injury repair in vivo in salt-stressed seedlings, then enhanced salt tolerance probably via interactions between plant cell wall and related resistance gene expression pattern. 26498625 0 84 theme damage 33:38 arg1 repair 40:45 DNA damage repair 29:45 DNA damage repair 29:45 Cell wall reconstruction and DNA damage repair play a key role in the improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser irradiation in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 6 85 theme DNA 909:911 arg1 analysis 924:931 DNA apopladder analysis 909:931 DNA apopladder analysis 909:931 According to the results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) scanning spectra and DNA apopladder analysis, He-Ne laser was showed to efficiently ameliorate cell wall polysaccharide damage and DNA fragmentation phenomena. 26498625 8 86 theme expression 1464:1473 arg1 pattern 1475:1481 related resistance gene expression pattern 1440:1481 related resistance gene expression pattern 1440:1481 Therefore, our data illustrated that He-Ne laser irradiation resulted in cell wall reconstruction and genomic DNA injury repair in vivo in salt-stressed seedlings, then enhanced salt tolerance probably via interactions between plant cell wall and related resistance gene expression pattern. 26498625 1 87 theme viability 270:278 arg1 estimation 239:248 the estimation 235:248 the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings 235:415 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 1 88 theme DNA 281:283 arg1 damage 285:290 DNA damage 281:290 DNA damage phenomena 281:300 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 4 89 theme monosaccharide 609:622 arg1 proportions 624:634 monosaccharide proportions 609:634 monosaccharide proportions 609:634 Physicochemical activities and monosaccharide proportions of cell wall polysaccharide were also pronouncedly altered. 26498625 1 90 theme laser 200:204 arg1 effects 183:189 The improved salt tolerance effects 155:189 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser 155:204 The improved salt tolerance effects of He-Ne laser were further studied through the estimation of ROS levels, cell viability, DNA damage phenomena, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall polysaccharides in tall fescue seedlings. 26498625 8 91 theme salt-stressed 1332:1344 arg1 seedlings 1346:1354 salt-stressed seedlings 1332:1354 salt-stressed seedlings 1332:1354 Therefore, our data illustrated that He-Ne laser irradiation resulted in cell wall reconstruction and genomic DNA injury repair in vivo in salt-stressed seedlings, then enhanced salt tolerance probably via interactions between plant cell wall and related resistance gene expression pattern. 26498625 4 92 theme Physicochemical 578:592 arg1 activities 594:603 Physicochemical activities 578:603 Physicochemical activities 578:603 Physicochemical activities and monosaccharide proportions of cell wall polysaccharide were also pronouncedly altered. 26743760 4 0 theme alternative 756:766 arg1 representations 780:794 Two alternative mechanistic representations 752:794 Two alternative mechanistic representations of how mAb specific productivity (qp ) influences glycosylation 752:858 Two alternative mechanistic representations of how mAb specific productivity (qp ) influences glycosylation are compared. 26743760 1 1 theme monoclonal 173:182 arg1 mAbs 196:199 mAbs 196:199 mAbs 196:199 Ensuring consistent glycosylation-associated quality of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a priority in pharmaceutical bioprocessing given that the distribution and composition of the carbohydrates (glycans) bound to these molecules determines their therapeutic efficacy and immunogenicity. 26743760 1 1 theme monoclonal 173:182 arg1 antibodies 184:193 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies 161:193 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 161:200 Ensuring consistent glycosylation-associated quality of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a priority in pharmaceutical bioprocessing given that the distribution and composition of the carbohydrates (glycans) bound to these molecules determines their therapeutic efficacy and immunogenicity. 26743760 9 2 theme machinery 1430:1438 arg1 availability 1400:1411 the availability 1396:1411 the availability of glycosylation machinery relative to cellular secretory capacity 1396:1478 Our results suggest that the availability of glycosylation machinery relative to cellular secretory capacity may play a crucial role in mAb glycosylation. 26743760 2 3 theme glycosylation 523:535 arg1 metabolism 479:488 cellular metabolism 470:488 cellular metabolism 470:488 However, the interaction between bioprocess conditions, cellular metabolism and the intracellular process of glycosylation remains to be fully understood. 26743760 2 3 theme glycosylation 523:535 arg1 process 512:518 the intracellular process 494:518 the intracellular process of glycosylation 494:535 However, the interaction between bioprocess conditions, cellular metabolism and the intracellular process of glycosylation remains to be fully understood. 26743760 2 3 theme glycosylation 523:535 arg1 conditions 458:467 bioprocess conditions 447:467 bioprocess conditions 447:467 However, the interaction between bioprocess conditions, cellular metabolism and the intracellular process of glycosylation remains to be fully understood. 26743760 1 4 theme antibodies 184:193 arg1 quality 150:156 Ensuring consistent glycosylation-associated quality 105:156 Ensuring consistent glycosylation-associated quality of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 105:200 Ensuring consistent glycosylation-associated quality of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a priority in pharmaceutical bioprocessing given that the distribution and composition of the carbohydrates (glycans) bound to these molecules determines their therapeutic efficacy and immunogenicity. 26743760 6 5 theme Golgi 1060:1064 arg1 volume 1066:1071 Golgi volume 1060:1071 Golgi volume 1060:1071 In the second, glycosylation is influenced by variations in Golgi volume. 26743760 0 6 theme modelling 84:92 arg1 framework 94:102 An integrated modelling framework 70:102 An integrated modelling framework 70:102 Dynamics of immature mAb glycoform secretion during CHO cell culture: An integrated modelling framework. 26743760 9 7 theme glycosylation 1416:1428 arg1 machinery 1430:1438 glycosylation machinery 1416:1438 glycosylation machinery relative to cellular secretory capacity 1416:1478 Our results suggest that the availability of glycosylation machinery relative to cellular secretory capacity may play a crucial role in mAb glycosylation. 26743760 5 8 theme secretory 953:961 arg1 cargo 963:967 secretory cargo 953:967 secretory cargo 953:967 In the first, mAb glycosylation is modulated by the linear velocity with which secretory cargo traverses the Golgi apparatus. 26743760 0 9 theme integrated 73:82 arg1 framework 94:102 An integrated modelling framework 70:102 An integrated modelling framework 70:102 Dynamics of immature mAb glycoform secretion during CHO cell culture: An integrated modelling framework. 26743760 1 10 theme therapeutic 373:383 arg1 efficacy 385:392 their therapeutic efficacy 367:392 their therapeutic efficacy 367:392 Ensuring consistent glycosylation-associated quality of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a priority in pharmaceutical bioprocessing given that the distribution and composition of the carbohydrates (glycans) bound to these molecules determines their therapeutic efficacy and immunogenicity. 26743760 10 11 theme modelling 1545:1553 arg1 framework 1555:1563 the modelling framework 1541:1563 the modelling framework presented here 1541:1578 In the future, the modelling framework presented here may aid in selecting and engineering cell lines that ensure consistent mAb glycosylatio. 26743760 0 12 dep framework 94:102 arg1 Dynamics 0:7 Dynamics 0:7 Dynamics of immature mAb glycoform secretion during CHO cell culture 0:67 Dynamics of immature mAb glycoform secretion during CHO cell culture: An integrated modelling framework. 26743760 9 13 theme relative 1440:1447 arg1 machinery 1430:1438 glycosylation machinery 1416:1438 glycosylation machinery relative to cellular secretory capacity 1416:1478 Our results suggest that the availability of glycosylation machinery relative to cellular secretory capacity may play a crucial role in mAb glycosylation. 26743760 7 14 theme mAb 1186:1188 arg1 glycosylation 1190:1202 mAb glycosylation 1186:1202 mAb glycosylation 1186:1202 Within our modelling framework, both mechanisms accurately reproduce experimentally-observed dynamic changes in mAb glycosylation. 26743760 8 15 theme glycoform 1348:1356 arg1 variability 1358:1368 mAb glycoform variability 1344:1368 mAb glycoform variability 1344:1368 In addition, an optimisation-based strategy has been developed to estimate the concentration of glycosylation enzymes required to minimise mAb glycoform variability. 26743760 5 16 gly glycosylation 892:904 arg1 first 881:885 first 881:885 first 881:885 In the first, mAb glycosylation is modulated by the linear velocity with which secretory cargo traverses the Golgi apparatus. 26743760 3 17 theme further 577:583 arg1 insight 585:591 further insight 577:591 further insight into these interactions 577:615 To gain further insight into these interactions, we present a novel integrated modelling platform that links dynamic variations in mAb glycosylation with cellular secretory capacity. 26743760 5 18 theme linear 926:931 arg1 velocity 933:940 the linear velocity 922:940 the linear velocity with which secretory cargo traverses the Golgi apparatus 922:997 In the first, mAb glycosylation is modulated by the linear velocity with which secretory cargo traverses the Golgi apparatus. 26743760 9 19 theme cellular 1452:1459 arg1 capacity 1471:1478 cellular secretory capacity 1452:1478 cellular secretory capacity 1452:1478 Our results suggest that the availability of glycosylation machinery relative to cellular secretory capacity may play a crucial role in mAb glycosylation. 26743760 9 20 theme secretory 1461:1469 arg1 capacity 1471:1478 cellular secretory capacity 1452:1478 cellular secretory capacity 1452:1478 Our results suggest that the availability of glycosylation machinery relative to cellular secretory capacity may play a crucial role in mAb glycosylation. 26743760 4 21 theme specific 807:814 arg1 productivity 816:827 mAb specific productivity 803:827 mAb specific productivity (qp ) 803:833 Two alternative mechanistic representations of how mAb specific productivity (qp ) influences glycosylation are compared. 26743760 4 21 theme specific 807:814 arg1 qp 830:831 qp 830:831 qp 830:831 Two alternative mechanistic representations of how mAb specific productivity (qp ) influences glycosylation are compared. 26743760 7 22 from changes 1175:1181 arg1 glycosylation 1190:1202 mAb glycosylation 1186:1202 mAb glycosylation 1186:1202 Within our modelling framework, both mechanisms accurately reproduce experimentally-observed dynamic changes in mAb glycosylation. 26743760 6 23 gly glycosylation 1015:1027 arg1 second 1007:1012 second 1007:1012 second 1007:1012 In the second, glycosylation is influenced by variations in Golgi volume. 26743760 4 24 theme mAb 803:805 arg1 productivity 816:827 mAb specific productivity 803:827 mAb specific productivity (qp ) 803:833 Two alternative mechanistic representations of how mAb specific productivity (qp ) influences glycosylation are compared. 26743760 4 24 theme mAb 803:805 arg1 qp 830:831 qp 830:831 qp 830:831 Two alternative mechanistic representations of how mAb specific productivity (qp ) influences glycosylation are compared. 26743760 0 25 theme mAb 21:23 arg1 secretion 35:43 immature mAb glycoform secretion 12:43 immature mAb glycoform secretion 12:43 Dynamics of immature mAb glycoform secretion during CHO cell culture: An integrated modelling framework. 26743760 7 26 theme experimentally-observed 1143:1165 arg1 changes 1175:1181 experimentally-observed dynamic changes 1143:1181 experimentally-observed dynamic changes in mAb glycosylation 1143:1202 Within our modelling framework, both mechanisms accurately reproduce experimentally-observed dynamic changes in mAb glycosylation. 26743760 8 27 theme glycosylation 1301:1313 arg1 enzymes 1315:1321 glycosylation enzymes 1301:1321 glycosylation enzymes 1301:1321 In addition, an optimisation-based strategy has been developed to estimate the concentration of glycosylation enzymes required to minimise mAb glycoform variability. 26743760 0 28 theme immature 12:19 arg1 secretion 35:43 immature mAb glycoform secretion 12:43 immature mAb glycoform secretion 12:43 Dynamics of immature mAb glycoform secretion during CHO cell culture: An integrated modelling framework. 26743760 1 29 theme carbohydrates 307:319 arg1 distribution 271:282 distribution 271:282 distribution 271:282 Ensuring consistent glycosylation-associated quality of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a priority in pharmaceutical bioprocessing given that the distribution and composition of the carbohydrates (glycans) bound to these molecules determines their therapeutic efficacy and immunogenicity. 26743760 1 29 theme carbohydrates 307:319 arg1 composition 288:298 composition 288:298 composition 288:298 Ensuring consistent glycosylation-associated quality of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a priority in pharmaceutical bioprocessing given that the distribution and composition of the carbohydrates (glycans) bound to these molecules determines their therapeutic efficacy and immunogenicity. 26743760 7 30 theme dynamic 1167:1173 arg1 changes 1175:1181 experimentally-observed dynamic changes 1143:1181 experimentally-observed dynamic changes in mAb glycosylation 1143:1202 Within our modelling framework, both mechanisms accurately reproduce experimentally-observed dynamic changes in mAb glycosylation. 26743760 2 31 theme intracellular 498:510 arg1 process 512:518 the intracellular process 494:518 the intracellular process of glycosylation 494:535 However, the interaction between bioprocess conditions, cellular metabolism and the intracellular process of glycosylation remains to be fully understood. 26743760 2 32 theme bioprocess 447:456 arg1 conditions 458:467 bioprocess conditions 447:467 bioprocess conditions 447:467 However, the interaction between bioprocess conditions, cellular metabolism and the intracellular process of glycosylation remains to be fully understood. 26743760 0 33 theme secretion 35:43 arg1 Dynamics 0:7 Dynamics 0:7 Dynamics of immature mAb glycoform secretion during CHO cell culture 0:67 Dynamics of immature mAb glycoform secretion during CHO cell culture: An integrated modelling framework. 26743760 4 34 theme mechanistic 768:778 arg1 representations 780:794 Two alternative mechanistic representations 752:794 Two alternative mechanistic representations of how mAb specific productivity (qp ) influences glycosylation 752:858 Two alternative mechanistic representations of how mAb specific productivity (qp ) influences glycosylation are compared. 26743760 3 35 theme mAb 700:702 arg1 glycosylation 704:716 mAb glycosylation 700:716 mAb glycosylation 700:716 To gain further insight into these interactions, we present a novel integrated modelling platform that links dynamic variations in mAb glycosylation with cellular secretory capacity. 26743760 3 36 theme novel 631:635 arg1 platform 658:665 a novel integrated modelling platform 629:665 a novel integrated modelling platform that links dynamic variations in mAb glycosylation with cellular secretory capacity 629:749 To gain further insight into these interactions, we present a novel integrated modelling platform that links dynamic variations in mAb glycosylation with cellular secretory capacity. 26743760 0 37 theme glycoform 25:33 arg1 secretion 35:43 immature mAb glycoform secretion 12:43 immature mAb glycoform secretion 12:43 Dynamics of immature mAb glycoform secretion during CHO cell culture: An integrated modelling framework. 26743760 8 38 theme enzymes 1315:1321 arg1 concentration 1284:1296 the concentration 1280:1296 the concentration of glycosylation enzymes required to minimise mAb glycoform variability 1280:1368 In addition, an optimisation-based strategy has been developed to estimate the concentration of glycosylation enzymes required to minimise mAb glycoform variability. 26743760 3 39 theme dynamic 678:684 arg1 variations 686:695 dynamic variations 678:695 dynamic variations in mAb glycosylation 678:716 To gain further insight into these interactions, we present a novel integrated modelling platform that links dynamic variations in mAb glycosylation with cellular secretory capacity. 26743760 2 40 theme cellular 470:477 arg1 metabolism 479:488 cellular metabolism 470:488 cellular metabolism 470:488 However, the interaction between bioprocess conditions, cellular metabolism and the intracellular process of glycosylation remains to be fully understood. 26743760 1 41 from priority 215:222 arg1 bioprocessing 242:254 pharmaceutical bioprocessing 227:254 pharmaceutical bioprocessing 227:254 Ensuring consistent glycosylation-associated quality of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a priority in pharmaceutical bioprocessing given that the distribution and composition of the carbohydrates (glycans) bound to these molecules determines their therapeutic efficacy and immunogenicity. 26743760 0 42 theme CHO 52:54 arg1 culture 61:67 CHO cell culture 52:67 CHO cell culture 52:67 Dynamics of immature mAb glycoform secretion during CHO cell culture: An integrated modelling framework. 26743760 9 43 theme crucial 1491:1497 arg1 role 1499:1502 a crucial role 1489:1502 a crucial role 1489:1502 Our results suggest that the availability of glycosylation machinery relative to cellular secretory capacity may play a crucial role in mAb glycosylation. 26743760 10 44 theme mAb 1651:1653 arg1 glycosylatio 1655:1666 consistent mAb glycosylatio 1640:1666 consistent mAb glycosylatio 1640:1666 In the future, the modelling framework presented here may aid in selecting and engineering cell lines that ensure consistent mAb glycosylatio. 26743760 7 45 theme modelling 1085:1093 arg1 framework 1095:1103 our modelling framework 1081:1103 our modelling framework 1081:1103 Within our modelling framework, both mechanisms accurately reproduce experimentally-observed dynamic changes in mAb glycosylation. 26743760 1 46 theme Ensuring 105:112 arg1 quality 150:156 Ensuring consistent glycosylation-associated quality 105:156 Ensuring consistent glycosylation-associated quality of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 105:200 Ensuring consistent glycosylation-associated quality of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a priority in pharmaceutical bioprocessing given that the distribution and composition of the carbohydrates (glycans) bound to these molecules determines their therapeutic efficacy and immunogenicity. 26743760 10 47 theme consistent 1640:1649 arg1 glycosylatio 1655:1666 consistent mAb glycosylatio 1640:1666 consistent mAb glycosylatio 1640:1666 In the future, the modelling framework presented here may aid in selecting and engineering cell lines that ensure consistent mAb glycosylatio. 26743760 3 48 theme cellular 723:730 arg1 capacity 742:749 cellular secretory capacity 723:749 cellular secretory capacity 723:749 To gain further insight into these interactions, we present a novel integrated modelling platform that links dynamic variations in mAb glycosylation with cellular secretory capacity. 26743760 6 49 from variations 1046:1055 arg1 volume 1066:1071 Golgi volume 1060:1071 Golgi volume 1060:1071 In the second, glycosylation is influenced by variations in Golgi volume. 26743760 1 50 theme consistent 114:123 arg1 quality 150:156 Ensuring consistent glycosylation-associated quality 105:156 Ensuring consistent glycosylation-associated quality of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 105:200 Ensuring consistent glycosylation-associated quality of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a priority in pharmaceutical bioprocessing given that the distribution and composition of the carbohydrates (glycans) bound to these molecules determines their therapeutic efficacy and immunogenicity. 26743760 3 51 theme secretory 732:740 arg1 capacity 742:749 cellular secretory capacity 723:749 cellular secretory capacity 723:749 To gain further insight into these interactions, we present a novel integrated modelling platform that links dynamic variations in mAb glycosylation with cellular secretory capacity. 26743760 3 52 theme integrated 637:646 arg1 platform 658:665 a novel integrated modelling platform 629:665 a novel integrated modelling platform that links dynamic variations in mAb glycosylation with cellular secretory capacity 629:749 To gain further insight into these interactions, we present a novel integrated modelling platform that links dynamic variations in mAb glycosylation with cellular secretory capacity. 26743760 1 53 theme glycosylation-associated 125:148 arg1 quality 150:156 Ensuring consistent glycosylation-associated quality 105:156 Ensuring consistent glycosylation-associated quality of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 105:200 Ensuring consistent glycosylation-associated quality of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a priority in pharmaceutical bioprocessing given that the distribution and composition of the carbohydrates (glycans) bound to these molecules determines their therapeutic efficacy and immunogenicity. 26743760 9 54 theme mAb 1507:1509 arg1 glycosylation 1511:1523 mAb glycosylation 1507:1523 mAb glycosylation 1507:1523 Our results suggest that the availability of glycosylation machinery relative to cellular secretory capacity may play a crucial role in mAb glycosylation. 26743760 1 55 theme pharmaceutical 227:240 arg1 bioprocessing 242:254 pharmaceutical bioprocessing 227:254 pharmaceutical bioprocessing 227:254 Ensuring consistent glycosylation-associated quality of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a priority in pharmaceutical bioprocessing given that the distribution and composition of the carbohydrates (glycans) bound to these molecules determines their therapeutic efficacy and immunogenicity. 26743760 5 56 theme Golgi 983:987 arg1 apparatus 989:997 the Golgi apparatus 979:997 the Golgi apparatus 979:997 In the first, mAb glycosylation is modulated by the linear velocity with which secretory cargo traverses the Golgi apparatus. 26743760 8 57 theme optimisation-based 1221:1238 arg1 strategy 1240:1247 an optimisation-based strategy 1218:1247 an optimisation-based strategy 1218:1247 In addition, an optimisation-based strategy has been developed to estimate the concentration of glycosylation enzymes required to minimise mAb glycoform variability. 26743760 1 58 dep distribution 271:282 arg1 the 267:269 the 267:269 the 267:269 Ensuring consistent glycosylation-associated quality of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a priority in pharmaceutical bioprocessing given that the distribution and composition of the carbohydrates (glycans) bound to these molecules determines their therapeutic efficacy and immunogenicity. 26743760 3 59 theme modelling 648:656 arg1 platform 658:665 a novel integrated modelling platform 629:665 a novel integrated modelling platform that links dynamic variations in mAb glycosylation with cellular secretory capacity 629:749 To gain further insight into these interactions, we present a novel integrated modelling platform that links dynamic variations in mAb glycosylation with cellular secretory capacity. 26743760 8 60 theme mAb 1344:1346 arg1 variability 1358:1368 mAb glycoform variability 1344:1368 mAb glycoform variability 1344:1368 In addition, an optimisation-based strategy has been developed to estimate the concentration of glycosylation enzymes required to minimise mAb glycoform variability. 26743760 10 61 theme cell 1617:1620 arg1 lines 1622:1626 cell lines 1617:1626 cell lines that ensure consistent mAb glycosylatio 1617:1666 In the future, the modelling framework presented here may aid in selecting and engineering cell lines that ensure consistent mAb glycosylatio. 26743760 0 62 theme cell 56:59 arg1 culture 61:67 CHO cell culture 52:67 CHO cell culture 52:67 Dynamics of immature mAb glycoform secretion during CHO cell culture: An integrated modelling framework. 26743760 5 63 theme mAb 888:890 arg1 glycosylation 892:904 mAb glycosylation 888:904 mAb glycosylation 888:904 In the first, mAb glycosylation is modulated by the linear velocity with which secretory cargo traverses the Golgi apparatus. 26743760 1 64 theme therapeutic 161:171 arg1 mAbs 196:199 mAbs 196:199 mAbs 196:199 Ensuring consistent glycosylation-associated quality of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a priority in pharmaceutical bioprocessing given that the distribution and composition of the carbohydrates (glycans) bound to these molecules determines their therapeutic efficacy and immunogenicity. 26743760 1 64 theme therapeutic 161:171 arg1 antibodies 184:193 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies 161:193 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 161:200 Ensuring consistent glycosylation-associated quality of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a priority in pharmaceutical bioprocessing given that the distribution and composition of the carbohydrates (glycans) bound to these molecules determines their therapeutic efficacy and immunogenicity. 26743760 3 65 from variations 686:695 arg1 glycosylation 704:716 mAb glycosylation 700:716 mAb glycosylation 700:716 To gain further insight into these interactions, we present a novel integrated modelling platform that links dynamic variations in mAb glycosylation with cellular secretory capacity. 26065678 11 0 attach presence 1666:1673 arg2 nHAp 1678:1681 nHAp 1678:1681 nHAp 1678:1681 The presence of nHAp in the Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP hydrogel enhanced swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization. 26065678 11 0 attach presence 1666:1673 arg1 hydrogel 1706:1713 the Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP hydrogel 1686:1713 the Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP hydrogel 1686:1713 The presence of nHAp in the Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP hydrogel enhanced swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization. 26065678 11 1 theme Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP 1690:1704 arg1 hydrogel 1706:1713 the Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP hydrogel 1686:1713 the Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP hydrogel 1686:1713 The presence of nHAp in the Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP hydrogel enhanced swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization. 26065678 14 2 theme cellular 2187:2194 arg1 levels 2196:2201 molecular and cellular levels 2173:2201 molecular and cellular levels 2173:2201 CONCLUSIONS The synthesized injectable hydrogel (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) showed its potential toward bone formation at molecular and cellular levels in vitro and in vivo. 26065678 13 3 theme apatite 2039:2045 arg1 depositions 2024:2034 the depositions 2020:2034 the depositions of apatite and collagen 2020:2058 The addition of nHAp to the hydrogel also enhanced osteoblast differentiation under osteogenic conditions in vitro and accelerated bone formation in vivo as seen from the depositions of apatite and collagen. 26065678 2 4 theme bioactive 364:372 arg1 scaffolds 397:405 bioactive tissue-engineered bone scaffolds 364:405 bioactive tissue-engineered bone scaffolds 364:405 Complications associated with conventional grafting techniques have led to the development of bioactive tissue-engineered bone scaffolds. 26065678 1 5 theme substitutionary 243:257 arg1 materials 259:267 substitutionary materials 243:267 substitutionary materials 243:267 BACKGROUND Bone loss during trauma, surgeries, and tumor resection often results in critical-sized bone defects that need to be filled with substitutionary materials. 26065678 12 6 theme mesenchymal 1829:1839 arg1 cells 1846:1850 mesenchymal stem cells 1829:1850 mesenchymal stem cells 1829:1850 The hydrogel was found to be non-toxic to mesenchymal stem cells. 26065678 13 7 theme collagen 2051:2058 arg1 depositions 2024:2034 the depositions 2020:2034 the depositions of apatite and collagen 2020:2058 The addition of nHAp to the hydrogel also enhanced osteoblast differentiation under osteogenic conditions in vitro and accelerated bone formation in vivo as seen from the depositions of apatite and collagen. 26065678 14 8 dep CONCLUSIONS 2061:2071 arg1 showed 2127:2132 showed 2127:2132 showed its potential toward bone formation at molecular and cellular levels in vitro and in vivo 2127:2222 CONCLUSIONS The synthesized injectable hydrogel (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) showed its potential toward bone formation at molecular and cellular levels in vitro and in vivo. 26065678 13 9 theme nHAp 1869:1872 arg1 addition 1857:1864 The addition 1853:1864 The addition of nHAp to the hydrogel 1853:1888 The addition of nHAp to the hydrogel also enhanced osteoblast differentiation under osteogenic conditions in vitro and accelerated bone formation in vivo as seen from the depositions of apatite and collagen. 26065678 7 10 theme energy 1183:1188 arg1 spectroscopy 1201:1212 energy dispersive spectroscopy 1183:1212 energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) 1183:1218 Characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization studies. 26065678 7 10 theme energy 1183:1188 arg1 EDX 1215:1217 EDX 1215:1217 EDX 1215:1217 Characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization studies. 26065678 3 11 theme invasive 605:612 arg1 properties 614:623 minimal invasive properties 597:623 minimal invasive properties of hydrogels 597:636 The potential application of hydrogels as three-dimensional (3D) matrices in tissue engineering has gained attention in recent years because of the superior sensitivity, injectability, and minimal invasive properties of hydrogels. 26065678 9 12 theme In 1529:1530 arg1 formation 1542:1550 In vivo bone formation 1529:1550 In vivo bone formation 1529:1550 In vivo bone formation was studied using a rat bone defect model system. 26065678 4 13 theme mechanical 675:684 arg1 strength 686:693 the bioactivity and mechanical strength 655:693 the bioactivity and mechanical strength of hydrogels 655:706 Improvements in the bioactivity and mechanical strength of hydrogels can be achieved with the addition of ceramics. 26065678 2 14 theme grafting 313:320 arg1 techniques 322:331 conventional grafting techniques 300:331 conventional grafting techniques 300:331 Complications associated with conventional grafting techniques have led to the development of bioactive tissue-engineered bone scaffolds. 26065678 9 15 theme bone 1537:1540 arg1 formation 1542:1550 In vivo bone formation 1529:1550 In vivo bone formation 1529:1550 In vivo bone formation was studied using a rat bone defect model system. 26065678 8 16 theme blot 1514:1517 arg1 analyses 1519:1526 western blot analyses 1506:1526 western blot analyses 1506:1526 Expression of osteoblast marker genes was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses. 26065678 7 17 theme electron 1156:1163 arg1 SEM 1177:1179 SEM 1177:1179 SEM 1177:1179 Characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization studies. 26065678 7 17 theme electron 1156:1163 arg1 microscopy 1165:1174 scanning electron microscopy 1147:1174 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 1147:1180 Characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization studies. 26065678 11 18 from presence 1666:1673 arg1 hydrogel 1706:1713 the Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP hydrogel 1686:1713 the Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP hydrogel 1686:1713 The presence of nHAp in the Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP hydrogel enhanced swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization. 26065678 6 19 dep Hydrogels 1031:1039 arg1 Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP 1054:1068 Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP 1054:1068 Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP 1054:1068 METHODS Hydrogels (Zn-CS/β-GP, Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) were prepared using the sol-gel method. 26065678 6 19 dep Hydrogels 1031:1039 arg1 Zn-CS/β-GP 1042:1051 Zn-CS/β-GP 1042:1051 Zn-CS/β-GP 1042:1051 METHODS Hydrogels (Zn-CS/β-GP, Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) were prepared using the sol-gel method. 26065678 9 20 theme rat 1572:1574 arg1 system 1594:1599 a rat bone defect model system 1570:1599 a rat bone defect model system 1570:1599 In vivo bone formation was studied using a rat bone defect model system. 26065678 9 21 theme defect 1581:1586 arg1 system 1594:1599 a rat bone defect model system 1570:1599 a rat bone defect model system 1570:1599 In vivo bone formation was studied using a rat bone defect model system. 26065678 6 22 theme sol-gel 1095:1101 arg1 method 1103:1108 the sol-gel method 1091:1108 the sol-gel method 1091:1108 METHODS Hydrogels (Zn-CS/β-GP, Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) were prepared using the sol-gel method. 26065678 8 23 theme osteoblast 1393:1402 arg1 genes 1411:1415 osteoblast marker genes 1393:1415 osteoblast marker genes 1393:1415 Expression of osteoblast marker genes was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses. 26065678 4 24 from Improvements 639:650 arg1 strength 686:693 the bioactivity and mechanical strength 655:693 the bioactivity and mechanical strength of hydrogels 655:706 Improvements in the bioactivity and mechanical strength of hydrogels can be achieved with the addition of ceramics. 26065678 1 25 theme tumor 154:158 arg1 resection 160:168 tumor resection 154:168 tumor resection 154:168 BACKGROUND Bone loss during trauma, surgeries, and tumor resection often results in critical-sized bone defects that need to be filled with substitutionary materials. 26065678 8 26 theme genes 1411:1415 arg1 Expression 1379:1388 Expression 1379:1388 Expression of osteoblast marker genes 1379:1415 Expression of osteoblast marker genes was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses. 26065678 7 27 theme X-ray 1273:1277 arg1 XRD 1292:1294 XRD 1292:1294 XRD 1292:1294 Characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization studies. 26065678 7 27 theme X-ray 1273:1277 arg1 diffraction 1279:1289 X-ray diffraction 1273:1289 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 1273:1295 Characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization studies. 26065678 5 28 from effect 978:983 arg1 hydrogel 1000:1007 the hydrogel 996:1007 the hydrogel 996:1007 Based on the features required for bone regeneration, an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel containing zinc-doped chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite/beta-glycerophosphate (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) was prepared and characterized, and the effect of nHAp on the hydrogel was examined. 26065678 0 29 theme bone 62:65 arg1 repair 74:79 bone tissue repair 62:79 bone tissue repair in vitro and in vivo 62:100 Nanohydroxyapatite-reinforced chitosan composite hydrogel for bone tissue repair in vitro and in vivo. 26065678 3 30 theme potential 412:420 arg1 application 422:432 The potential application 408:432 The potential application of hydrogels as three-dimensional (3D) matrices in tissue engineering 408:502 The potential application of hydrogels as three-dimensional (3D) matrices in tissue engineering has gained attention in recent years because of the superior sensitivity, injectability, and minimal invasive properties of hydrogels. 26065678 7 31 dep Fourier 1221:1227 arg1 transform 1229:1237 transform 1229:1237 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 1229:1266 Characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization studies. 26065678 8 32 theme real-time 1435:1443 arg1 reaction 1484:1491 real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction 1435:1491 real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 1435:1500 Expression of osteoblast marker genes was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses. 26065678 8 32 theme real-time 1435:1443 arg1 RT-PCR 1494:1499 RT-PCR 1494:1499 RT-PCR 1494:1499 Expression of osteoblast marker genes was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses. 26065678 0 33 theme Nanohydroxyapatite-reinforced 0:28 arg1 hydrogel 49:56 Nanohydroxyapatite-reinforced chitosan composite hydrogel 0:56 Nanohydroxyapatite-reinforced chitosan composite hydrogel for bone tissue repair in vitro and in vivo. 0:101 Nanohydroxyapatite-reinforced chitosan composite hydrogel for bone tissue repair in vitro and in vivo. 26065678 14 34 theme synthesized 2077:2087 arg1 Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP 2110:2124 Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP 2110:2124 Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP 2110:2124 CONCLUSIONS The synthesized injectable hydrogel (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) showed its potential toward bone formation at molecular and cellular levels in vitro and in vivo. 26065678 14 34 theme synthesized 2077:2087 arg1 hydrogel 2100:2107 injectable hydrogel 2089:2107 The synthesized injectable hydrogel (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) 2073:2125 CONCLUSIONS The synthesized injectable hydrogel (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) showed its potential toward bone formation at molecular and cellular levels in vitro and in vivo. 26065678 14 35 theme molecular 2173:2181 arg1 levels 2196:2201 molecular and cellular levels 2173:2201 molecular and cellular levels 2173:2201 CONCLUSIONS The synthesized injectable hydrogel (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) showed its potential toward bone formation at molecular and cellular levels in vitro and in vivo. 26065678 8 36 theme transcriptase 1453:1465 arg1 reaction 1484:1491 real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction 1435:1491 real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 1435:1500 Expression of osteoblast marker genes was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses. 26065678 8 36 theme transcriptase 1453:1465 arg1 RT-PCR 1494:1499 RT-PCR 1494:1499 RT-PCR 1494:1499 Expression of osteoblast marker genes was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses. 26065678 13 37 theme osteoblast 1904:1913 arg1 differentiation 1915:1929 osteoblast differentiation 1904:1929 osteoblast differentiation 1904:1929 The addition of nHAp to the hydrogel also enhanced osteoblast differentiation under osteogenic conditions in vitro and accelerated bone formation in vivo as seen from the depositions of apatite and collagen. 26065678 0 38 theme composite 39:47 arg1 hydrogel 49:56 Nanohydroxyapatite-reinforced chitosan composite hydrogel 0:56 Nanohydroxyapatite-reinforced chitosan composite hydrogel for bone tissue repair in vitro and in vivo. 0:101 Nanohydroxyapatite-reinforced chitosan composite hydrogel for bone tissue repair in vitro and in vivo. 26065678 15 39 theme bone 2364:2367 arg1 regeneration 2369:2380 bone regeneration 2364:2380 bone regeneration 2364:2380 The current findings demonstrate the importance of adding nHAp to the hydrogel, thereby accelerating potential clinical application toward bone regeneration. 26065678 1 40 theme Bone 114:117 arg1 loss 119:122 BACKGROUND Bone loss 103:122 BACKGROUND Bone loss during trauma, surgeries, and tumor resection 103:168 BACKGROUND Bone loss during trauma, surgeries, and tumor resection often results in critical-sized bone defects that need to be filled with substitutionary materials. 26065678 8 41 theme chain 1478:1482 arg1 reaction 1484:1491 real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction 1435:1491 real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 1435:1500 Expression of osteoblast marker genes was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses. 26065678 8 41 theme chain 1478:1482 arg1 RT-PCR 1494:1499 RT-PCR 1494:1499 RT-PCR 1494:1499 Expression of osteoblast marker genes was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses. 26065678 5 42 theme thermosensitive 823:837 arg1 hydrogel 839:846 an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel 809:846 an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel containing zinc-doped chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite/beta-glycerophosphate (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) 809:936 Based on the features required for bone regeneration, an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel containing zinc-doped chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite/beta-glycerophosphate (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) was prepared and characterized, and the effect of nHAp on the hydrogel was examined. 26065678 7 43 theme exogenous 1342:1350 arg1 studies 1370:1376 exogenous biomineralization studies 1342:1376 exogenous biomineralization studies 1342:1376 Characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization studies. 26065678 11 44 theme exogenous 1758:1766 arg1 biomineralization 1768:1784 exogenous biomineralization 1758:1784 exogenous biomineralization 1758:1784 The presence of nHAp in the Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP hydrogel enhanced swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization. 26065678 0 45 theme tissue 67:72 arg1 repair 74:79 bone tissue repair 62:79 bone tissue repair in vitro and in vivo 62:100 Nanohydroxyapatite-reinforced chitosan composite hydrogel for bone tissue repair in vitro and in vivo. 26065678 15 46 theme potential 2326:2334 arg1 application 2345:2355 potential clinical application 2326:2355 potential clinical application toward bone regeneration 2326:2380 The current findings demonstrate the importance of adding nHAp to the hydrogel, thereby accelerating potential clinical application toward bone regeneration. 26065678 9 47 dep In 1529:1530 arg1 vivo 1532:1535 vivo 1532:1535 vivo 1532:1535 In vivo bone formation was studied using a rat bone defect model system. 26065678 7 48 theme protein 1318:1324 arg1 adsorption 1326:1335 protein adsorption 1318:1335 protein adsorption 1318:1335 Characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization studies. 26065678 8 49 theme western 1506:1512 arg1 analyses 1519:1526 western blot analyses 1506:1526 western blot analyses 1506:1526 Expression of osteoblast marker genes was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses. 26065678 2 50 theme scaffolds 397:405 arg1 development 349:359 the development 345:359 the development of bioactive tissue-engineered bone scaffolds 345:405 Complications associated with conventional grafting techniques have led to the development of bioactive tissue-engineered bone scaffolds. 26065678 11 51 theme nHAp 1678:1681 arg1 presence 1666:1673 The presence 1662:1673 The presence of nHAp in the Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP hydrogel 1662:1713 The presence of nHAp in the Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP hydrogel enhanced swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization. 26065678 2 52 theme tissue-engineered 374:390 arg1 scaffolds 397:405 bioactive tissue-engineered bone scaffolds 364:405 bioactive tissue-engineered bone scaffolds 364:405 Complications associated with conventional grafting techniques have led to the development of bioactive tissue-engineered bone scaffolds. 26065678 12 53 theme stem 1841:1844 arg1 cells 1846:1850 mesenchymal stem cells 1829:1850 mesenchymal stem cells 1829:1850 The hydrogel was found to be non-toxic to mesenchymal stem cells. 26065678 7 54 theme dispersive 1190:1199 arg1 spectroscopy 1201:1212 energy dispersive spectroscopy 1183:1212 energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) 1183:1218 Characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization studies. 26065678 7 54 theme dispersive 1190:1199 arg1 EDX 1215:1217 EDX 1215:1217 EDX 1215:1217 Characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization studies. 26065678 2 55 theme conventional 300:311 arg1 techniques 322:331 conventional grafting techniques 300:331 conventional grafting techniques 300:331 Complications associated with conventional grafting techniques have led to the development of bioactive tissue-engineered bone scaffolds. 26065678 9 56 theme model 1588:1592 arg1 system 1594:1599 a rat bone defect model system 1570:1599 a rat bone defect model system 1570:1599 In vivo bone formation was studied using a rat bone defect model system. 26065678 10 57 theme sol-gel 1634:1640 arg1 transition 1642:1651 sol-gel transition 1634:1651 sol-gel transition 1634:1651 RESULTS The hydrogels exhibited sol-gel transition at 37°C. 26065678 3 58 theme superior 556:563 arg1 sensitivity 565:575 the superior sensitivity 552:575 the superior sensitivity 552:575 The potential application of hydrogels as three-dimensional (3D) matrices in tissue engineering has gained attention in recent years because of the superior sensitivity, injectability, and minimal invasive properties of hydrogels. 26065678 4 59 theme hydrogels 698:706 arg1 strength 686:693 the bioactivity and mechanical strength 655:693 the bioactivity and mechanical strength of hydrogels 655:706 Improvements in the bioactivity and mechanical strength of hydrogels can be achieved with the addition of ceramics. 26065678 11 60 theme protein 1734:1740 arg1 adsorption 1742:1751 protein adsorption 1734:1751 protein adsorption 1734:1751 The presence of nHAp in the Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP hydrogel enhanced swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization. 26065678 3 61 from attention 515:523 arg1 years 535:539 recent years 528:539 recent years 528:539 The potential application of hydrogels as three-dimensional (3D) matrices in tissue engineering has gained attention in recent years because of the superior sensitivity, injectability, and minimal invasive properties of hydrogels. 26065678 3 62 theme minimal 597:603 arg1 properties 614:623 minimal invasive properties 597:623 minimal invasive properties of hydrogels 597:636 The potential application of hydrogels as three-dimensional (3D) matrices in tissue engineering has gained attention in recent years because of the superior sensitivity, injectability, and minimal invasive properties of hydrogels. 26065678 1 63 theme critical-sized 187:200 arg1 defects 207:213 critical-sized bone defects 187:213 critical-sized bone defects that need to be filled with substitutionary materials 187:267 BACKGROUND Bone loss during trauma, surgeries, and tumor resection often results in critical-sized bone defects that need to be filled with substitutionary materials. 26065678 6 64 dep METHODS 1023:1029 arg1 Hydrogels 1031:1039 Hydrogels 1031:1039 METHODS Hydrogels (Zn-CS/β-GP, Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) 1023:1069 METHODS Hydrogels (Zn-CS/β-GP, Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) were prepared using the sol-gel method. 26065678 7 65 theme scanning 1147:1154 arg1 SEM 1177:1179 SEM 1177:1179 SEM 1177:1179 Characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization studies. 26065678 7 65 theme scanning 1147:1154 arg1 microscopy 1165:1174 scanning electron microscopy 1147:1174 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 1147:1180 Characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization studies. 26065678 3 66 theme hydrogels 628:636 arg1 properties 614:623 minimal invasive properties 597:623 minimal invasive properties of hydrogels 597:636 The potential application of hydrogels as three-dimensional (3D) matrices in tissue engineering has gained attention in recent years because of the superior sensitivity, injectability, and minimal invasive properties of hydrogels. 26065678 3 66 theme hydrogels 628:636 arg1 injectability 578:590 injectability 578:590 injectability 578:590 The potential application of hydrogels as three-dimensional (3D) matrices in tissue engineering has gained attention in recent years because of the superior sensitivity, injectability, and minimal invasive properties of hydrogels. 26065678 3 66 theme hydrogels 628:636 arg1 sensitivity 565:575 the superior sensitivity 552:575 the superior sensitivity 552:575 The potential application of hydrogels as three-dimensional (3D) matrices in tissue engineering has gained attention in recent years because of the superior sensitivity, injectability, and minimal invasive properties of hydrogels. 26065678 10 67 dep RESULTS 1602:1608 arg1 exhibited 1624:1632 exhibited 1624:1632 exhibited sol-gel transition at 37°C 1624:1659 RESULTS The hydrogels exhibited sol-gel transition at 37°C. 26065678 5 68 contain containing 848:857 arg1 hydrogel 839:846 an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel 809:846 an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel containing zinc-doped chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite/beta-glycerophosphate (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) 809:936 Based on the features required for bone regeneration, an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel containing zinc-doped chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite/beta-glycerophosphate (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) was prepared and characterized, and the effect of nHAp on the hydrogel was examined. 26065678 5 68 contain containing 848:857 arg2 Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP 921:935 Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP 921:935 Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP 921:935 Based on the features required for bone regeneration, an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel containing zinc-doped chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite/beta-glycerophosphate (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) was prepared and characterized, and the effect of nHAp on the hydrogel was examined. 26065678 5 68 contain containing 848:857 arg2 chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite/beta-glycerophosphate 870:918 zinc-doped chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite/beta-glycerophosphate 859:918 zinc-doped chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite/beta-glycerophosphate (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) 859:936 Based on the features required for bone regeneration, an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel containing zinc-doped chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite/beta-glycerophosphate (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) was prepared and characterized, and the effect of nHAp on the hydrogel was examined. 26065678 4 69 theme ceramics 745:752 arg1 addition 733:740 the addition 729:740 the addition of ceramics 729:752 Improvements in the bioactivity and mechanical strength of hydrogels can be achieved with the addition of ceramics. 26065678 5 70 theme bone 790:793 arg1 regeneration 795:806 bone regeneration 790:806 bone regeneration 790:806 Based on the features required for bone regeneration, an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel containing zinc-doped chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite/beta-glycerophosphate (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) was prepared and characterized, and the effect of nHAp on the hydrogel was examined. 26065678 15 71 theme current 2229:2235 arg1 findings 2237:2244 The current findings 2225:2244 The current findings 2225:2244 The current findings demonstrate the importance of adding nHAp to the hydrogel, thereby accelerating potential clinical application toward bone regeneration. 26065678 9 72 theme bone 1576:1579 arg1 system 1594:1599 a rat bone defect model system 1570:1599 a rat bone defect model system 1570:1599 In vivo bone formation was studied using a rat bone defect model system. 26065678 5 73 theme nHAp 988:991 arg1 effect 978:983 the effect 974:983 the effect of nHAp on the hydrogel 974:1007 Based on the features required for bone regeneration, an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel containing zinc-doped chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite/beta-glycerophosphate (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) was prepared and characterized, and the effect of nHAp on the hydrogel was examined. 26065678 13 74 theme bone 1984:1987 arg1 formation 1989:1997 bone formation 1984:1997 bone formation 1984:1997 The addition of nHAp to the hydrogel also enhanced osteoblast differentiation under osteogenic conditions in vitro and accelerated bone formation in vivo as seen from the depositions of apatite and collagen. 26065678 8 75 theme marker 1404:1409 arg1 genes 1411:1415 osteoblast marker genes 1393:1415 osteoblast marker genes 1393:1415 Expression of osteoblast marker genes was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses. 26065678 13 76 theme osteogenic 1937:1946 arg1 conditions 1948:1957 osteogenic conditions 1937:1957 osteogenic conditions 1937:1957 The addition of nHAp to the hydrogel also enhanced osteoblast differentiation under osteogenic conditions in vitro and accelerated bone formation in vivo as seen from the depositions of apatite and collagen. 26065678 1 77 theme bone 202:205 arg1 defects 207:213 critical-sized bone defects 187:213 critical-sized bone defects that need to be filled with substitutionary materials 187:267 BACKGROUND Bone loss during trauma, surgeries, and tumor resection often results in critical-sized bone defects that need to be filled with substitutionary materials. 26065678 5 78 theme zinc-doped 859:868 arg1 chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite/beta-glycerophosphate 870:918 zinc-doped chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite/beta-glycerophosphate 859:918 zinc-doped chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite/beta-glycerophosphate (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) 859:936 Based on the features required for bone regeneration, an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel containing zinc-doped chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite/beta-glycerophosphate (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) was prepared and characterized, and the effect of nHAp on the hydrogel was examined. 26065678 5 78 theme zinc-doped 859:868 arg1 Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP 921:935 Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP 921:935 Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP 921:935 Based on the features required for bone regeneration, an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel containing zinc-doped chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite/beta-glycerophosphate (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) was prepared and characterized, and the effect of nHAp on the hydrogel was examined. 26065678 3 79 from application 422:432 arg1 engineering 492:502 tissue engineering 485:502 tissue engineering 485:502 The potential application of hydrogels as three-dimensional (3D) matrices in tissue engineering has gained attention in recent years because of the superior sensitivity, injectability, and minimal invasive properties of hydrogels. 26065678 14 80 theme injectable 2089:2098 arg1 Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP 2110:2124 Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP 2110:2124 Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP 2110:2124 CONCLUSIONS The synthesized injectable hydrogel (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) showed its potential toward bone formation at molecular and cellular levels in vitro and in vivo. 26065678 14 80 theme injectable 2089:2098 arg1 hydrogel 2100:2107 injectable hydrogel 2089:2107 The synthesized injectable hydrogel (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) 2073:2125 CONCLUSIONS The synthesized injectable hydrogel (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) showed its potential toward bone formation at molecular and cellular levels in vitro and in vivo. 26065678 3 81 dep three-dimensional 450:466 arg1 3D 469:470 3D 469:470 3D 469:470 The potential application of hydrogels as three-dimensional (3D) matrices in tissue engineering has gained attention in recent years because of the superior sensitivity, injectability, and minimal invasive properties of hydrogels. 26065678 7 82 theme infrared 1239:1246 arg1 spectroscopy 1248:1259 infrared spectroscopy 1239:1259 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 1239:1266 Characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization studies. 26065678 7 82 theme infrared 1239:1246 arg1 FTIR 1262:1265 FTIR 1262:1265 FTIR 1262:1265 Characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization studies. 26065678 1 83 theme BACKGROUND 103:112 arg1 loss 119:122 BACKGROUND Bone loss 103:122 BACKGROUND Bone loss during trauma, surgeries, and tumor resection 103:168 BACKGROUND Bone loss during trauma, surgeries, and tumor resection often results in critical-sized bone defects that need to be filled with substitutionary materials. 26065678 7 84 theme biomineralization 1352:1368 arg1 studies 1370:1376 exogenous biomineralization studies 1342:1376 exogenous biomineralization studies 1342:1376 Characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as swelling, protein adsorption, and exogenous biomineralization studies. 26065678 8 85 theme reverse 1445:1451 arg1 reaction 1484:1491 real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction 1435:1491 real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 1435:1500 Expression of osteoblast marker genes was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses. 26065678 8 85 theme reverse 1445:1451 arg1 RT-PCR 1494:1499 RT-PCR 1494:1499 RT-PCR 1494:1499 Expression of osteoblast marker genes was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses. 26065678 5 86 theme injectable 812:821 arg1 hydrogel 839:846 an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel 809:846 an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel containing zinc-doped chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite/beta-glycerophosphate (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) 809:936 Based on the features required for bone regeneration, an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel containing zinc-doped chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite/beta-glycerophosphate (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) was prepared and characterized, and the effect of nHAp on the hydrogel was examined. 26065678 3 87 theme three-dimensional 450:466 arg1 matrices 473:480 three-dimensional (3D) matrices 450:480 three-dimensional (3D) matrices 450:480 The potential application of hydrogels as three-dimensional (3D) matrices in tissue engineering has gained attention in recent years because of the superior sensitivity, injectability, and minimal invasive properties of hydrogels. 26065678 14 88 theme bone 2155:2158 arg1 formation 2160:2168 bone formation 2155:2168 bone formation 2155:2168 CONCLUSIONS The synthesized injectable hydrogel (Zn-CS/nHAp/β-GP) showed its potential toward bone formation at molecular and cellular levels in vitro and in vivo. 26065678 8 89 theme polymerase 1467:1476 arg1 reaction 1484:1491 real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction 1435:1491 real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 1435:1500 Expression of osteoblast marker genes was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses. 26065678 8 89 theme polymerase 1467:1476 arg1 RT-PCR 1494:1499 RT-PCR 1494:1499 RT-PCR 1494:1499 Expression of osteoblast marker genes was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses. 26065678 3 90 theme tissue 485:490 arg1 engineering 492:502 tissue engineering 485:502 tissue engineering 485:502 The potential application of hydrogels as three-dimensional (3D) matrices in tissue engineering has gained attention in recent years because of the superior sensitivity, injectability, and minimal invasive properties of hydrogels. 26065678 3 91 theme hydrogels 437:445 arg1 application 422:432 The potential application 408:432 The potential application of hydrogels as three-dimensional (3D) matrices in tissue engineering 408:502 The potential application of hydrogels as three-dimensional (3D) matrices in tissue engineering has gained attention in recent years because of the superior sensitivity, injectability, and minimal invasive properties of hydrogels. 26065678 3 92 theme recent 528:533 arg1 years 535:539 recent years 528:539 recent years 528:539 The potential application of hydrogels as three-dimensional (3D) matrices in tissue engineering has gained attention in recent years because of the superior sensitivity, injectability, and minimal invasive properties of hydrogels. 26065678 15 93 theme clinical 2336:2343 arg1 application 2345:2355 potential clinical application 2326:2355 potential clinical application toward bone regeneration 2326:2380 The current findings demonstrate the importance of adding nHAp to the hydrogel, thereby accelerating potential clinical application toward bone regeneration. 26065678 2 94 theme bone 392:395 arg1 scaffolds 397:405 bioactive tissue-engineered bone scaffolds 364:405 bioactive tissue-engineered bone scaffolds 364:405 Complications associated with conventional grafting techniques have led to the development of bioactive tissue-engineered bone scaffolds. 26065678 4 95 theme bioactivity 659:669 arg1 strength 686:693 the bioactivity and mechanical strength 655:693 the bioactivity and mechanical strength of hydrogels 655:706 Improvements in the bioactivity and mechanical strength of hydrogels can be achieved with the addition of ceramics. 26065678 0 96 theme chitosan 30:37 arg1 hydrogel 49:56 Nanohydroxyapatite-reinforced chitosan composite hydrogel 0:56 Nanohydroxyapatite-reinforced chitosan composite hydrogel for bone tissue repair in vitro and in vivo. 0:101 Nanohydroxyapatite-reinforced chitosan composite hydrogel for bone tissue repair in vitro and in vivo. 27485954 0 0 theme TiO2-HAp-Alginate 80:96 arg1 scaffolds 108:116 nano TiO2-HAp-Alginate composite scaffolds 75:116 nano TiO2-HAp-Alginate composite scaffolds 75:116 Mechanical properties, biological behaviour and drug release capability of nano TiO2-HAp-Alginate composite scaffolds for potential application as bone implant material. 27485954 9 1 theme release 1180:1186 arg1 profile 1188:1194 an ideal drug release profile 1166:1194 an ideal drug release profile 1166:1194 Further, drug delivery studies of the scaffolds using the chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate exhibited an ideal drug release profile. 27485954 1 2 theme Nanocomposite 170:182 arg1 scaffolds 184:192 Nanocomposite scaffolds 170:192 Nanocomposite scaffolds of TiO2 and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with alginate as the binding agent 170:268 Nanocomposite scaffolds of TiO2 and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with alginate as the binding agent were fabricated using the freeze drying technique. 27485954 0 3 theme nano 75:78 arg1 scaffolds 108:116 nano TiO2-HAp-Alginate composite scaffolds 75:116 nano TiO2-HAp-Alginate composite scaffolds 75:116 Mechanical properties, biological behaviour and drug release capability of nano TiO2-HAp-Alginate composite scaffolds for potential application as bone implant material. 27485954 8 4 theme enhanced 1035:1042 arg1 biomineralization 1044:1060 enhanced biomineralization 1035:1060 enhanced biomineralization 1035:1060 The results indicated controlled swelling, limited degradation, and enhanced biomineralization. 27485954 9 5 theme chemotherapeutic 1121:1136 arg1 methotrexate 1143:1154 the chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate 1117:1154 the chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate 1117:1154 Further, drug delivery studies of the scaffolds using the chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate exhibited an ideal drug release profile. 27485954 4 6 theme osteosarcoma 610:621 arg1 cells 631:635 osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells 610:635 osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells 610:635 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was evaluated using cell adhesion and MTT assay on osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells. 27485954 0 7 theme scaffolds 108:116 arg1 capability 61:70 capability 61:70 capability of nano TiO2-HAp-Alginate composite scaffolds for potential application as bone implant material 61:167 Mechanical properties, biological behaviour and drug release capability of nano TiO2-HAp-Alginate composite scaffolds for potential application as bone implant material. 27485954 4 8 theme scaffolds 549:557 arg1 biocompatibility 525:540 The biocompatibility 521:540 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds 521:557 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was evaluated using cell adhesion and MTT assay on osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells. 27485954 9 9 theme delivery 1077:1084 arg1 studies 1086:1092 drug delivery studies 1072:1092 drug delivery studies of the scaffolds using the chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate 1072:1154 Further, drug delivery studies of the scaffolds using the chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate exhibited an ideal drug release profile. 27485954 9 10 theme drug 1138:1141 arg1 methotrexate 1143:1154 the chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate 1117:1154 the chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate 1117:1154 Further, drug delivery studies of the scaffolds using the chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate exhibited an ideal drug release profile. 27485954 10 11 theme delivery 1287:1294 arg1 applications 1296:1307 drug delivery applications 1282:1307 drug delivery applications 1282:1307 These scaffolds are proposed as potential candidates for bone tissue engineering and drug delivery applications. 27485954 0 12 theme composite 98:106 arg1 scaffolds 108:116 nano TiO2-HAp-Alginate composite scaffolds 75:116 nano TiO2-HAp-Alginate composite scaffolds 75:116 Mechanical properties, biological behaviour and drug release capability of nano TiO2-HAp-Alginate composite scaffolds for potential application as bone implant material. 27485954 5 13 theme Scanning 638:645 arg1 microscopy 656:665 Scanning electron microscopy 638:665 Scanning electron microscopy analysis 638:674 Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that cells adhered to the surface of the scaffolds with good spreading. 27485954 1 14 theme freeze 296:301 arg1 technique 310:318 the freeze drying technique 292:318 the freeze drying technique 292:318 Nanocomposite scaffolds of TiO2 and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with alginate as the binding agent were fabricated using the freeze drying technique. 27485954 0 15 theme potential 122:130 arg1 application 132:142 potential application 122:142 potential application as bone implant material 122:167 Mechanical properties, biological behaviour and drug release capability of nano TiO2-HAp-Alginate composite scaffolds for potential application as bone implant material. 27485954 5 16 theme microscopy 656:665 arg1 analysis 667:674 Scanning electron microscopy analysis 638:674 Scanning electron microscopy analysis 638:674 Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that cells adhered to the surface of the scaffolds with good spreading. 27485954 5 17 theme electron 647:654 arg1 microscopy 656:665 Scanning electron microscopy 638:665 Scanning electron microscopy analysis 638:674 Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that cells adhered to the surface of the scaffolds with good spreading. 27485954 4 18 theme MG-63 624:628 arg1 cells 631:635 osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells 610:635 osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells 610:635 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was evaluated using cell adhesion and MTT assay on osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells. 27485954 6 19 theme mechanical 832:841 arg1 analysis 843:850 dynamic mechanical analysis 824:850 dynamic mechanical analysis 824:850 The mechanical properties of the scaffolds were investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis. 27485954 4 20 from assay 601:605 arg1 cells 631:635 osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells 610:635 osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells 610:635 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was evaluated using cell adhesion and MTT assay on osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells. 27485954 1 21 theme TiO2 197:200 arg1 nanoparticles 221:233 TiO2 and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles 197:233 TiO2 and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with alginate as the binding agent 197:268 Nanocomposite scaffolds of TiO2 and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with alginate as the binding agent were fabricated using the freeze drying technique. 27485954 2 22 used used 360:363 arg2 alginate 346:353 alginate 346:353 alginate 346:353 TiO2, hydroxyapatite and alginate were used in the ratio of 1:1:4. 27485954 2 22 used used 360:363 arg2 hydroxyapatite 327:340 hydroxyapatite 327:340 hydroxyapatite 327:340 TiO2, hydroxyapatite and alginate were used in the ratio of 1:1:4. 27485954 2 22 used used 360:363 arg2 TiO2 321:324 TiO2 321:324 TiO2 321:324 TiO2, hydroxyapatite and alginate were used in the ratio of 1:1:4. 27485954 9 23 theme ideal 1169:1173 arg1 profile 1188:1194 an ideal drug release profile 1166:1194 an ideal drug release profile 1166:1194 Further, drug delivery studies of the scaffolds using the chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate exhibited an ideal drug release profile. 27485954 0 24 theme Mechanical 0:9 arg1 drug 48:51 drug 48:51 drug 48:51 Mechanical properties, biological behaviour and drug release capability of nano TiO2-HAp-Alginate composite scaffolds for potential application as bone implant material. 27485954 0 24 theme Mechanical 0:9 arg1 properties 11:20 Mechanical properties 0:20 Mechanical properties 0:20 Mechanical properties, biological behaviour and drug release capability of nano TiO2-HAp-Alginate composite scaffolds for potential application as bone implant material. 27485954 0 24 theme Mechanical 0:9 arg1 behaviour 34:42 biological behaviour 23:42 biological behaviour 23:42 Mechanical properties, biological behaviour and drug release capability of nano TiO2-HAp-Alginate composite scaffolds for potential application as bone implant material. 27485954 1 25 theme drying 303:308 arg1 technique 310:318 the freeze drying technique 292:318 the freeze drying technique 292:318 Nanocomposite scaffolds of TiO2 and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with alginate as the binding agent were fabricated using the freeze drying technique. 27485954 6 26 theme dynamic 824:830 arg1 analysis 843:850 dynamic mechanical analysis 824:850 dynamic mechanical analysis 824:850 The mechanical properties of the scaffolds were investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis. 27485954 9 27 theme drug 1175:1178 arg1 profile 1188:1194 an ideal drug release profile 1166:1194 an ideal drug release profile 1166:1194 Further, drug delivery studies of the scaffolds using the chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate exhibited an ideal drug release profile. 27485954 1 28 theme hydroxyapatite 206:219 arg1 nanoparticles 221:233 TiO2 and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles 197:233 TiO2 and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with alginate as the binding agent 197:268 Nanocomposite scaffolds of TiO2 and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with alginate as the binding agent were fabricated using the freeze drying technique. 27485954 0 29 theme biological 23:32 arg1 properties 11:20 Mechanical properties 0:20 Mechanical properties 0:20 Mechanical properties, biological behaviour and drug release capability of nano TiO2-HAp-Alginate composite scaffolds for potential application as bone implant material. 27485954 0 29 theme biological 23:32 arg1 behaviour 34:42 biological behaviour 23:42 biological behaviour 23:42 Mechanical properties, biological behaviour and drug release capability of nano TiO2-HAp-Alginate composite scaffolds for potential application as bone implant material. 27485954 7 30 theme in vitro 885:892 arg1 degradation 894:904 in vitro degradation 885:904 in vitro degradation 885:904 The swelling ability, porosity, in vitro degradation, and biomineralization of the scaffolds were also evaluated. 27485954 1 31 theme nanoparticles 221:233 arg1 scaffolds 184:192 Nanocomposite scaffolds 170:192 Nanocomposite scaffolds of TiO2 and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with alginate as the binding agent 170:268 Nanocomposite scaffolds of TiO2 and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with alginate as the binding agent were fabricated using the freeze drying technique. 27485954 10 32 theme drug 1282:1285 arg1 applications 1296:1307 drug delivery applications 1282:1307 drug delivery applications 1282:1307 These scaffolds are proposed as potential candidates for bone tissue engineering and drug delivery applications. 27485954 5 33 theme good 741:744 arg1 spreading 746:754 good spreading 741:754 good spreading 741:754 Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that cells adhered to the surface of the scaffolds with good spreading. 27485954 3 34 theme electron 500:507 arg1 microscopy 509:518 scanning electron microscopy 491:518 scanning electron microscopy 491:518 The scaffolds were characterized using X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. 27485954 4 35 from adhesion 584:591 arg1 cells 631:635 osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells 610:635 osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells 610:635 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was evaluated using cell adhesion and MTT assay on osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells. 27485954 0 36 theme implant 152:158 arg1 material 160:167 bone implant material 147:167 bone implant material 147:167 Mechanical properties, biological behaviour and drug release capability of nano TiO2-HAp-Alginate composite scaffolds for potential application as bone implant material. 27485954 3 37 dep fourier 446:452 arg1 transform 454:462 transform 454:462 transform infrared spectroscopy 454:484 The scaffolds were characterized using X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. 27485954 9 38 theme scaffolds 1101:1109 arg1 studies 1086:1092 drug delivery studies 1072:1092 drug delivery studies of the scaffolds using the chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate 1072:1154 Further, drug delivery studies of the scaffolds using the chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate exhibited an ideal drug release profile. 27485954 0 39 theme bone 147:150 arg1 material 160:167 bone implant material 147:167 bone implant material 147:167 Mechanical properties, biological behaviour and drug release capability of nano TiO2-HAp-Alginate composite scaffolds for potential application as bone implant material. 27485954 3 40 dep transform 454:462 arg1 infrared 464:471 infrared 464:471 transform infrared spectroscopy 454:484 The scaffolds were characterized using X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. 27485954 9 41 theme drug 1072:1075 arg1 studies 1086:1092 drug delivery studies 1072:1092 drug delivery studies of the scaffolds using the chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate 1072:1154 Further, drug delivery studies of the scaffolds using the chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate exhibited an ideal drug release profile. 27485954 3 42 theme X-ray 427:431 arg1 diffraction 433:443 X-ray diffraction 427:443 X-ray diffraction 427:443 The scaffolds were characterized using X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. 27485954 10 43 theme potential 1229:1237 arg1 candidates 1239:1248 potential candidates 1229:1248 potential candidates for bone tissue engineering and drug delivery applications 1229:1307 These scaffolds are proposed as potential candidates for bone tissue engineering and drug delivery applications. 27485954 10 43 theme potential 1229:1237 arg1 scaffolds 1203:1211 These scaffolds 1197:1211 These scaffolds 1197:1211 These scaffolds are proposed as potential candidates for bone tissue engineering and drug delivery applications. 27485954 6 44 theme scaffolds 790:798 arg1 properties 772:781 The mechanical properties 757:781 The mechanical properties of the scaffolds 757:798 The mechanical properties of the scaffolds were investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis. 27485954 4 45 theme cell 579:582 arg1 adhesion 584:591 cell adhesion 579:591 cell adhesion 579:591 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was evaluated using cell adhesion and MTT assay on osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells. 27485954 1 46 with nanoparticles 221:233 arg1 alginate 240:247 alginate 240:247 alginate 240:247 Nanocomposite scaffolds of TiO2 and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with alginate as the binding agent were fabricated using the freeze drying technique. 27485954 7 47 theme swelling 857:864 arg1 ability 866:872 The swelling ability 853:872 The swelling ability 853:872 The swelling ability, porosity, in vitro degradation, and biomineralization of the scaffolds were also evaluated. 27485954 8 48 theme controlled 989:998 arg1 swelling 1000:1007 controlled swelling 989:1007 controlled swelling 989:1007 The results indicated controlled swelling, limited degradation, and enhanced biomineralization. 27485954 5 49 theme scaffolds 726:734 arg1 surface 711:717 the surface 707:717 the surface of the scaffolds with good spreading 707:754 Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that cells adhered to the surface of the scaffolds with good spreading. 27485954 8 50 theme limited 1010:1016 arg1 degradation 1018:1028 limited degradation 1010:1028 limited degradation 1010:1028 The results indicated controlled swelling, limited degradation, and enhanced biomineralization. 27485954 4 51 theme MTT 597:599 arg1 assay 601:605 MTT assay 597:605 MTT assay 597:605 The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was evaluated using cell adhesion and MTT assay on osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells. 27485954 1 52 theme binding 256:262 arg1 agent 264:268 the binding agent 252:268 the binding agent 252:268 Nanocomposite scaffolds of TiO2 and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with alginate as the binding agent were fabricated using the freeze drying technique. 27485954 3 53 theme scanning 491:498 arg1 microscopy 509:518 scanning electron microscopy 491:518 scanning electron microscopy 491:518 The scaffolds were characterized using X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. 27485954 5 54 with scaffolds 726:734 arg1 spreading 746:754 good spreading 741:754 good spreading 741:754 Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that cells adhered to the surface of the scaffolds with good spreading. 27485954 10 55 theme tissue 1259:1264 arg1 engineering 1266:1276 bone tissue engineering 1254:1276 bone tissue engineering 1254:1276 These scaffolds are proposed as potential candidates for bone tissue engineering and drug delivery applications. 27485954 6 56 theme mechanical 761:770 arg1 properties 772:781 The mechanical properties 757:781 The mechanical properties of the scaffolds 757:798 The mechanical properties of the scaffolds were investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis. 27485954 2 57 theme 1:1:4 381:385 arg1 ratio 372:376 the ratio 368:376 the ratio of 1:1:4 368:385 TiO2, hydroxyapatite and alginate were used in the ratio of 1:1:4. 27485954 7 58 theme scaffolds 936:944 arg1 biomineralization 911:927 biomineralization 911:927 biomineralization 911:927 The swelling ability, porosity, in vitro degradation, and biomineralization of the scaffolds were also evaluated. 27485954 7 58 theme scaffolds 936:944 arg1 porosity 875:882 porosity 875:882 porosity 875:882 The swelling ability, porosity, in vitro degradation, and biomineralization of the scaffolds were also evaluated. 27485954 7 58 theme scaffolds 936:944 arg1 degradation 894:904 in vitro degradation 885:904 in vitro degradation 885:904 The swelling ability, porosity, in vitro degradation, and biomineralization of the scaffolds were also evaluated. 27485954 7 58 theme scaffolds 936:944 arg1 ability 866:872 The swelling ability 853:872 The swelling ability 853:872 The swelling ability, porosity, in vitro degradation, and biomineralization of the scaffolds were also evaluated. 27485954 10 59 theme bone 1254:1257 arg1 engineering 1266:1276 bone tissue engineering 1254:1276 bone tissue engineering 1254:1276 These scaffolds are proposed as potential candidates for bone tissue engineering and drug delivery applications. 29247366 0 0 theme N-glycoprofiling 88:103 arg1 analysis 105:112 related N-glycoprofiling analysis 80:112 related N-glycoprofiling analysis for carbohydrate composition determination 80:155 Human thyroid-stimulating hormone synthesis in human embryonic kidney cells and related N-glycoprofiling analysis for carbohydrate composition determination. 29247366 1 1 theme human 180:184 arg1 kidney 186:191 embryonic human kidney 170:191 embryonic human kidney cells (HEK293) 170:206 A strain of embryonic human kidney cells (HEK293) was transiently co-transfected with the expression vectors coding for the α- and β-subunits of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH), and, for the first time, a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH was synthesized and extensively characterized. 29247366 0 2 theme related 80:86 arg1 analysis 105:112 related N-glycoprofiling analysis 80:112 related N-glycoprofiling analysis for carbohydrate composition determination 80:155 Human thyroid-stimulating hormone synthesis in human embryonic kidney cells and related N-glycoprofiling analysis for carbohydrate composition determination. 29247366 4 3 theme lower 817:821 arg1 mass 807:810 a hTSH-HEK molecular mass 786:810 a hTSH-HEK molecular mass 2.1% lower than that of hTSH-CHO and 2.7% higher than that of hTSH-Pit 786:881 The three preparations showed an equivalent purity (> 95%) with a hTSH-HEK molecular mass 2.1% lower than that of hTSH-CHO and 2.7% higher than that of hTSH-Pit. 29247366 1 4 theme kidney 186:191 arg1 HEK293 200:205 HEK293 200:205 HEK293 200:205 A strain of embryonic human kidney cells (HEK293) was transiently co-transfected with the expression vectors coding for the α- and β-subunits of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH), and, for the first time, a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH was synthesized and extensively characterized. 29247366 1 4 theme kidney 186:191 arg1 cells 193:197 embryonic human kidney cells 170:197 embryonic human kidney cells (HEK293) 170:206 A strain of embryonic human kidney cells (HEK293) was transiently co-transfected with the expression vectors coding for the α- and β-subunits of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH), and, for the first time, a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH was synthesized and extensively characterized. 29247366 2 5 theme % 532:532 arg1 yield 521:525 an overall yield 510:525 an overall yield of 55% and a purity level > 90% 510:557 The purification strategy involving two steps provided an overall yield of 55% and a purity level > 90%. 29247366 4 6 theme hTSH-HEK 788:795 arg1 mass 807:810 a hTSH-HEK molecular mass 786:810 a hTSH-HEK molecular mass 2.1% lower than that of hTSH-CHO and 2.7% higher than that of hTSH-Pit 786:881 The three preparations showed an equivalent purity (> 95%) with a hTSH-HEK molecular mass 2.1% lower than that of hTSH-CHO and 2.7% higher than that of hTSH-Pit. 29247366 3 7 link CHO-derived 624:634 arg1 preparation 648:658 a CHO-derived recombinant preparation 622:658 a CHO-derived recombinant preparation (hTSH-CHO) 622:669 The purified material (hTSH-HEK) was analyzed and compared to a CHO-derived recombinant preparation (hTSH-CHO) and to a pituitary-derived (hTSH-Pit) preparation. 29247366 3 7 link CHO-derived 624:634 arg1 hTSH-CHO 661:668 hTSH-CHO 661:668 hTSH-CHO 661:668 The purified material (hTSH-HEK) was analyzed and compared to a CHO-derived recombinant preparation (hTSH-CHO) and to a pituitary-derived (hTSH-Pit) preparation. 29247366 3 8 theme hTSH-Pit 699:706 arg1 preparation 709:719 a pituitary-derived (hTSH-Pit) preparation 678:719 a pituitary-derived (hTSH-Pit) preparation 678:719 The purified material (hTSH-HEK) was analyzed and compared to a CHO-derived recombinant preparation (hTSH-CHO) and to a pituitary-derived (hTSH-Pit) preparation. 29247366 6 9 theme In 1032:1033 arg1 activity 1051:1058 In vivo biological activity 1032:1058 In vivo biological activity 1032:1058 In vivo biological activity was confirmed for the three preparations, the hTSH-HEK bioactivity being 39 and 16% lower than those of hTSH-CHO and hTSH-Pit, respectively. 29247366 3 10 link pituitary-derived 680:696 arg1 preparation 709:719 a pituitary-derived (hTSH-Pit) preparation 678:719 a pituitary-derived (hTSH-Pit) preparation 678:719 The purified material (hTSH-HEK) was analyzed and compared to a CHO-derived recombinant preparation (hTSH-CHO) and to a pituitary-derived (hTSH-Pit) preparation. 29247366 0 11 theme composition 131:141 arg1 determination 143:155 carbohydrate composition determination 118:155 carbohydrate composition determination 118:155 Human thyroid-stimulating hormone synthesis in human embryonic kidney cells and related N-glycoprofiling analysis for carbohydrate composition determination. 29247366 1 12 theme first 358:362 arg1 time 364:367 the first time 354:367 the first time 354:367 A strain of embryonic human kidney cells (HEK293) was transiently co-transfected with the expression vectors coding for the α- and β-subunits of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH), and, for the first time, a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH was synthesized and extensively characterized. 29247366 4 13 theme equivalent 755:764 arg1 purity 766:771 an equivalent purity 752:771 an equivalent purity (> 95%) 752:779 The three preparations showed an equivalent purity (> 95%) with a hTSH-HEK molecular mass 2.1% lower than that of hTSH-CHO and 2.7% higher than that of hTSH-Pit. 29247366 4 13 theme equivalent 755:764 arg1 % 778:778 > 95% 774:778 > 95% 774:778 The three preparations showed an equivalent purity (> 95%) with a hTSH-HEK molecular mass 2.1% lower than that of hTSH-CHO and 2.7% higher than that of hTSH-Pit. 29247366 1 14 theme cells 193:197 arg1 strain 160:165 A strain 158:165 A strain of embryonic human kidney cells (HEK293) 158:206 A strain of embryonic human kidney cells (HEK293) was transiently co-transfected with the expression vectors coding for the α- and β-subunits of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH), and, for the first time, a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH was synthesized and extensively characterized. 29247366 0 15 theme carbohydrate 118:129 arg1 determination 143:155 carbohydrate composition determination 118:155 carbohydrate composition determination 118:155 Human thyroid-stimulating hormone synthesis in human embryonic kidney cells and related N-glycoprofiling analysis for carbohydrate composition determination. 29247366 3 16 theme pituitary-derived 680:696 arg1 preparation 709:719 a pituitary-derived (hTSH-Pit) preparation 678:719 a pituitary-derived (hTSH-Pit) preparation 678:719 The purified material (hTSH-HEK) was analyzed and compared to a CHO-derived recombinant preparation (hTSH-CHO) and to a pituitary-derived (hTSH-Pit) preparation. 29247366 4 17 theme molecular 797:805 arg1 mass 807:810 a hTSH-HEK molecular mass 786:810 a hTSH-HEK molecular mass 2.1% lower than that of hTSH-CHO and 2.7% higher than that of hTSH-Pit 786:881 The three preparations showed an equivalent purity (> 95%) with a hTSH-HEK molecular mass 2.1% lower than that of hTSH-CHO and 2.7% higher than that of hTSH-Pit. 29247366 8 18 theme particular 1468:1477 arg1 composition 1492:1502 particular carbohydrate composition 1468:1502 particular carbohydrate composition 1468:1502 According to these findings, HEK-293-derived hTSH can be considered to be useful for clinical applications, in view as well of its human origin and particular carbohydrate composition. 29247366 0 19 theme thyroid-stimulating 6:24 arg1 hormone 26:32 Human thyroid-stimulating hormone 0:32 Human thyroid-stimulating hormone synthesis in human embryonic kidney cells 0:74 Human thyroid-stimulating hormone synthesis in human embryonic kidney cells and related N-glycoprofiling analysis for carbohydrate composition determination. 29247366 8 20 theme clinical 1405:1412 arg1 applications 1414:1425 clinical applications 1405:1425 clinical applications 1405:1425 According to these findings, HEK-293-derived hTSH can be considered to be useful for clinical applications, in view as well of its human origin and particular carbohydrate composition. 29247366 0 21 theme Human 0:4 arg1 hormone 26:32 Human thyroid-stimulating hormone 0:32 Human thyroid-stimulating hormone synthesis in human embryonic kidney cells 0:74 Human thyroid-stimulating hormone synthesis in human embryonic kidney cells and related N-glycoprofiling analysis for carbohydrate composition determination. 29247366 5 22 theme fucose 989:994 arg1 content 996:1002 highest fucose content 981:1002 highest fucose content 981:1002 Remarkable differences were found in the carbohydrate moiety, the lowest sialic acid content and highest fucose content being observed in hTSH-HEK. 29247366 3 23 theme CHO-derived 624:634 arg1 preparation 648:658 a CHO-derived recombinant preparation 622:658 a CHO-derived recombinant preparation (hTSH-CHO) 622:669 The purified material (hTSH-HEK) was analyzed and compared to a CHO-derived recombinant preparation (hTSH-CHO) and to a pituitary-derived (hTSH-Pit) preparation. 29247366 3 23 theme CHO-derived 624:634 arg1 hTSH-CHO 661:668 hTSH-CHO 661:668 hTSH-CHO 661:668 The purified material (hTSH-HEK) was analyzed and compared to a CHO-derived recombinant preparation (hTSH-CHO) and to a pituitary-derived (hTSH-Pit) preparation. 29247366 8 24 theme HEK-293-derived 1349:1363 arg1 hTSH 1365:1368 HEK-293-derived hTSH 1349:1368 HEK-293-derived hTSH 1349:1368 According to these findings, HEK-293-derived hTSH can be considered to be useful for clinical applications, in view as well of its human origin and particular carbohydrate composition. 29247366 2 25 theme level 547:551 arg1 % 557:557 a purity level > 90% 538:557 a purity level > 90% 538:557 The purification strategy involving two steps provided an overall yield of 55% and a purity level > 90%. 29247366 5 26 theme Remarkable 884:893 arg1 differences 895:905 Remarkable differences 884:905 Remarkable differences 884:905 Remarkable differences were found in the carbohydrate moiety, the lowest sialic acid content and highest fucose content being observed in hTSH-HEK. 29247366 6 27 dep In 1032:1033 arg1 vivo 1035:1038 vivo 1035:1038 vivo 1035:1038 In vivo biological activity was confirmed for the three preparations, the hTSH-HEK bioactivity being 39 and 16% lower than those of hTSH-CHO and hTSH-Pit, respectively. 29247366 0 28 theme hormone 26:32 arg1 synthesis 34:42 Human thyroid-stimulating hormone synthesis 0:42 Human thyroid-stimulating hormone synthesis in human embryonic kidney cells 0:74 Human thyroid-stimulating hormone synthesis in human embryonic kidney cells and related N-glycoprofiling analysis for carbohydrate composition determination. 29247366 1 29 theme human 303:307 arg1 hTSH 338:341 hTSH 338:341 hTSH 338:341 A strain of embryonic human kidney cells (HEK293) was transiently co-transfected with the expression vectors coding for the α- and β-subunits of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH), and, for the first time, a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH was synthesized and extensively characterized. 29247366 1 29 theme human 303:307 arg1 hormone 329:335 human thyroid-stimulating hormone 303:335 human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH) 303:342 A strain of embryonic human kidney cells (HEK293) was transiently co-transfected with the expression vectors coding for the α- and β-subunits of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH), and, for the first time, a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH was synthesized and extensively characterized. 29247366 2 30 theme purity 540:545 arg1 % 557:557 a purity level > 90% 538:557 a purity level > 90% 538:557 The purification strategy involving two steps provided an overall yield of 55% and a purity level > 90%. 29247366 5 31 theme acid 964:967 arg1 content 969:975 the lowest sialic acid content 946:975 the lowest sialic acid content 946:975 Remarkable differences were found in the carbohydrate moiety, the lowest sialic acid content and highest fucose content being observed in hTSH-HEK. 29247366 0 32 theme human 47:51 arg1 cells 70:74 human embryonic kidney cells 47:74 human embryonic kidney cells 47:74 Human thyroid-stimulating hormone synthesis in human embryonic kidney cells and related N-glycoprofiling analysis for carbohydrate composition determination. 29247366 1 33 theme thyroid-stimulating 309:327 arg1 hTSH 338:341 hTSH 338:341 hTSH 338:341 A strain of embryonic human kidney cells (HEK293) was transiently co-transfected with the expression vectors coding for the α- and β-subunits of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH), and, for the first time, a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH was synthesized and extensively characterized. 29247366 1 33 theme thyroid-stimulating 309:327 arg1 hormone 329:335 human thyroid-stimulating hormone 303:335 human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH) 303:342 A strain of embryonic human kidney cells (HEK293) was transiently co-transfected with the expression vectors coding for the α- and β-subunits of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH), and, for the first time, a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH was synthesized and extensively characterized. 29247366 1 34 theme human 372:376 arg1 hTSH 403:406 a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH 370:406 a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH 370:406 A strain of embryonic human kidney cells (HEK293) was transiently co-transfected with the expression vectors coding for the α- and β-subunits of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH), and, for the first time, a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH was synthesized and extensively characterized. 29247366 5 35 theme lowest 950:955 arg1 content 969:975 the lowest sialic acid content 946:975 the lowest sialic acid content 946:975 Remarkable differences were found in the carbohydrate moiety, the lowest sialic acid content and highest fucose content being observed in hTSH-HEK. 29247366 7 36 theme circulatory 1214:1224 arg1 shorter 1253:1259 shorter 1253:1259 shorter 1253:1259 The hTSH-HEK circulatory half-life (t 1/2) was also shorter than those of hTSH-CHO (1.5-fold) and hTSH-Pit (1.2-fold). 29247366 7 36 theme circulatory 1214:1224 arg1 t 1237:1237 t 1/2 1237:1241 t 1/2 1237:1241 The hTSH-HEK circulatory half-life (t 1/2) was also shorter than those of hTSH-CHO (1.5-fold) and hTSH-Pit (1.2-fold). 29247366 7 36 theme circulatory 1214:1224 arg1 half-life 1226:1234 The hTSH-HEK circulatory half-life 1201:1234 The hTSH-HEK circulatory half-life (t 1/2) 1201:1242 The hTSH-HEK circulatory half-life (t 1/2) was also shorter than those of hTSH-CHO (1.5-fold) and hTSH-Pit (1.2-fold). 29247366 5 37 located observed 1010:1017 arg2 content 969:975 the lowest sialic acid content 946:975 the lowest sialic acid content 946:975 Remarkable differences were found in the carbohydrate moiety, the lowest sialic acid content and highest fucose content being observed in hTSH-HEK. 29247366 5 37 located observed 1010:1017 arg2 content 996:1002 highest fucose content 981:1002 highest fucose content 981:1002 Remarkable differences were found in the carbohydrate moiety, the lowest sialic acid content and highest fucose content being observed in hTSH-HEK. 29247366 5 37 located observed 1010:1017 arg2 moiety 938:943 the carbohydrate moiety 921:943 the carbohydrate moiety 921:943 Remarkable differences were found in the carbohydrate moiety, the lowest sialic acid content and highest fucose content being observed in hTSH-HEK. 29247366 5 37 located observed 1010:1017 arg1 hTSH-HEK 1022:1029 hTSH-HEK 1022:1029 hTSH-HEK 1022:1029 Remarkable differences were found in the carbohydrate moiety, the lowest sialic acid content and highest fucose content being observed in hTSH-HEK. 29247366 1 38 theme hormone 329:335 arg1 β-subunits 289:298 β-subunits 289:298 β-subunits 289:298 A strain of embryonic human kidney cells (HEK293) was transiently co-transfected with the expression vectors coding for the α- and β-subunits of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH), and, for the first time, a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH was synthesized and extensively characterized. 29247366 1 38 theme hormone 329:335 arg1 α- 282:283 α- 282:283 α- 282:283 A strain of embryonic human kidney cells (HEK293) was transiently co-transfected with the expression vectors coding for the α- and β-subunits of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH), and, for the first time, a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH was synthesized and extensively characterized. 29247366 1 39 theme cell-derived 378:389 arg1 hTSH 403:406 a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH 370:406 a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH 370:406 A strain of embryonic human kidney cells (HEK293) was transiently co-transfected with the expression vectors coding for the α- and β-subunits of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH), and, for the first time, a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH was synthesized and extensively characterized. 29247366 5 40 theme sialic 957:962 arg1 content 969:975 the lowest sialic acid content 946:975 the lowest sialic acid content 946:975 Remarkable differences were found in the carbohydrate moiety, the lowest sialic acid content and highest fucose content being observed in hTSH-HEK. 29247366 0 41 theme kidney 63:68 arg1 cells 70:74 human embryonic kidney cells 47:74 human embryonic kidney cells 47:74 Human thyroid-stimulating hormone synthesis in human embryonic kidney cells and related N-glycoprofiling analysis for carbohydrate composition determination. 29247366 8 42 theme human 1451:1455 arg1 origin 1457:1462 its human origin 1447:1462 its human origin 1447:1462 According to these findings, HEK-293-derived hTSH can be considered to be useful for clinical applications, in view as well of its human origin and particular carbohydrate composition. 29247366 1 43 theme recombinant 391:401 arg1 hTSH 403:406 a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH 370:406 a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH 370:406 A strain of embryonic human kidney cells (HEK293) was transiently co-transfected with the expression vectors coding for the α- and β-subunits of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH), and, for the first time, a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH was synthesized and extensively characterized. 29247366 3 44 theme purified 564:571 arg1 hTSH-HEK 583:590 hTSH-HEK 583:590 hTSH-HEK 583:590 The purified material (hTSH-HEK) was analyzed and compared to a CHO-derived recombinant preparation (hTSH-CHO) and to a pituitary-derived (hTSH-Pit) preparation. 29247366 3 44 theme purified 564:571 arg1 material 573:580 The purified material 560:580 The purified material (hTSH-HEK) 560:591 The purified material (hTSH-HEK) was analyzed and compared to a CHO-derived recombinant preparation (hTSH-CHO) and to a pituitary-derived (hTSH-Pit) preparation. 29247366 0 45 theme embryonic 53:61 arg1 cells 70:74 human embryonic kidney cells 47:74 human embryonic kidney cells 47:74 Human thyroid-stimulating hormone synthesis in human embryonic kidney cells and related N-glycoprofiling analysis for carbohydrate composition determination. 29247366 1 46 dep α- 282:283 arg1 the 278:280 the 278:280 the 278:280 A strain of embryonic human kidney cells (HEK293) was transiently co-transfected with the expression vectors coding for the α- and β-subunits of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH), and, for the first time, a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH was synthesized and extensively characterized. 29247366 8 47 link HEK-293-derived 1349:1363 arg1 hTSH 1365:1368 HEK-293-derived hTSH 1349:1368 HEK-293-derived hTSH 1349:1368 According to these findings, HEK-293-derived hTSH can be considered to be useful for clinical applications, in view as well of its human origin and particular carbohydrate composition. 29247366 7 48 theme hTSH-HEK 1205:1212 arg1 shorter 1253:1259 shorter 1253:1259 shorter 1253:1259 The hTSH-HEK circulatory half-life (t 1/2) was also shorter than those of hTSH-CHO (1.5-fold) and hTSH-Pit (1.2-fold). 29247366 7 48 theme hTSH-HEK 1205:1212 arg1 t 1237:1237 t 1/2 1237:1241 t 1/2 1237:1241 The hTSH-HEK circulatory half-life (t 1/2) was also shorter than those of hTSH-CHO (1.5-fold) and hTSH-Pit (1.2-fold). 29247366 7 48 theme hTSH-HEK 1205:1212 arg1 half-life 1226:1234 The hTSH-HEK circulatory half-life 1201:1234 The hTSH-HEK circulatory half-life (t 1/2) 1201:1242 The hTSH-HEK circulatory half-life (t 1/2) was also shorter than those of hTSH-CHO (1.5-fold) and hTSH-Pit (1.2-fold). 29247366 8 49 theme origin 1457:1462 arg1 well 1439:1442 well 1439:1442 well of its human origin and particular carbohydrate composition 1439:1502 According to these findings, HEK-293-derived hTSH can be considered to be useful for clinical applications, in view as well of its human origin and particular carbohydrate composition. 29247366 2 50 theme % 557:557 arg1 yield 521:525 an overall yield 510:525 an overall yield of 55% and a purity level > 90% 510:557 The purification strategy involving two steps provided an overall yield of 55% and a purity level > 90%. 29247366 5 51 theme highest 981:987 arg1 content 996:1002 highest fucose content 981:1002 highest fucose content 981:1002 Remarkable differences were found in the carbohydrate moiety, the lowest sialic acid content and highest fucose content being observed in hTSH-HEK. 29247366 5 52 theme carbohydrate 925:936 arg1 moiety 938:943 the carbohydrate moiety 921:943 the carbohydrate moiety 921:943 Remarkable differences were found in the carbohydrate moiety, the lowest sialic acid content and highest fucose content being observed in hTSH-HEK. 29247366 8 53 theme carbohydrate 1479:1490 arg1 composition 1492:1502 particular carbohydrate composition 1468:1502 particular carbohydrate composition 1468:1502 According to these findings, HEK-293-derived hTSH can be considered to be useful for clinical applications, in view as well of its human origin and particular carbohydrate composition. 29247366 3 54 theme recombinant 636:646 arg1 preparation 648:658 a CHO-derived recombinant preparation 622:658 a CHO-derived recombinant preparation (hTSH-CHO) 622:669 The purified material (hTSH-HEK) was analyzed and compared to a CHO-derived recombinant preparation (hTSH-CHO) and to a pituitary-derived (hTSH-Pit) preparation. 29247366 3 54 theme recombinant 636:646 arg1 hTSH-CHO 661:668 hTSH-CHO 661:668 hTSH-CHO 661:668 The purified material (hTSH-HEK) was analyzed and compared to a CHO-derived recombinant preparation (hTSH-CHO) and to a pituitary-derived (hTSH-Pit) preparation. 29247366 2 55 theme purification 459:470 arg1 strategy 472:479 The purification strategy 455:479 The purification strategy involving two steps 455:499 The purification strategy involving two steps provided an overall yield of 55% and a purity level > 90%. 29247366 1 56 theme expression 248:257 arg1 vectors 259:265 the expression vectors 244:265 the expression vectors coding for the α- and β-subunits of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH) 244:342 A strain of embryonic human kidney cells (HEK293) was transiently co-transfected with the expression vectors coding for the α- and β-subunits of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH), and, for the first time, a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH was synthesized and extensively characterized. 29247366 2 57 theme overall 513:519 arg1 yield 521:525 an overall yield 510:525 an overall yield of 55% and a purity level > 90% 510:557 The purification strategy involving two steps provided an overall yield of 55% and a purity level > 90%. 29247366 0 58 from analysis 105:112 arg1 cells 70:74 human embryonic kidney cells 47:74 human embryonic kidney cells 47:74 Human thyroid-stimulating hormone synthesis in human embryonic kidney cells and related N-glycoprofiling analysis for carbohydrate composition determination. 29247366 6 59 theme biological 1040:1049 arg1 activity 1051:1058 In vivo biological activity 1032:1058 In vivo biological activity 1032:1058 In vivo biological activity was confirmed for the three preparations, the hTSH-HEK bioactivity being 39 and 16% lower than those of hTSH-CHO and hTSH-Pit, respectively. 29247366 6 60 theme hTSH-HEK 1106:1113 arg1 bioactivity 1115:1125 the hTSH-HEK bioactivity 1102:1125 the hTSH-HEK bioactivity 1102:1125 In vivo biological activity was confirmed for the three preparations, the hTSH-HEK bioactivity being 39 and 16% lower than those of hTSH-CHO and hTSH-Pit, respectively. 29247366 6 60 theme hTSH-HEK 1106:1113 arg1 lower 1144:1148 lower 1144:1148 lower 1144:1148 In vivo biological activity was confirmed for the three preparations, the hTSH-HEK bioactivity being 39 and 16% lower than those of hTSH-CHO and hTSH-Pit, respectively. 29247366 8 61 from applications 1414:1425 arg1 view 1431:1434 view 1431:1434 view 1431:1434 According to these findings, HEK-293-derived hTSH can be considered to be useful for clinical applications, in view as well of its human origin and particular carbohydrate composition. 29247366 0 62 from synthesis 34:42 arg1 cells 70:74 human embryonic kidney cells 47:74 human embryonic kidney cells 47:74 Human thyroid-stimulating hormone synthesis in human embryonic kidney cells and related N-glycoprofiling analysis for carbohydrate composition determination. 29247366 6 63 dep confirmed 1064:1072 arg1 bioactivity 1115:1125 the hTSH-HEK bioactivity 1102:1125 the hTSH-HEK bioactivity 1102:1125 In vivo biological activity was confirmed for the three preparations, the hTSH-HEK bioactivity being 39 and 16% lower than those of hTSH-CHO and hTSH-Pit, respectively. 29247366 6 63 dep confirmed 1064:1072 arg1 lower 1144:1148 lower 1144:1148 lower 1144:1148 In vivo biological activity was confirmed for the three preparations, the hTSH-HEK bioactivity being 39 and 16% lower than those of hTSH-CHO and hTSH-Pit, respectively. 29247366 1 64 theme embryonic 170:178 arg1 kidney 186:191 embryonic human kidney 170:191 embryonic human kidney cells (HEK293) 170:206 A strain of embryonic human kidney cells (HEK293) was transiently co-transfected with the expression vectors coding for the α- and β-subunits of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH), and, for the first time, a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH was synthesized and extensively characterized. 29247366 1 65 link cell-derived 378:389 arg1 hTSH 403:406 a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH 370:406 a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH 370:406 A strain of embryonic human kidney cells (HEK293) was transiently co-transfected with the expression vectors coding for the α- and β-subunits of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH), and, for the first time, a human cell-derived recombinant hTSH was synthesized and extensively characterized. 29247366 8 66 theme composition 1492:1502 arg1 well 1439:1442 well 1439:1442 well of its human origin and particular carbohydrate composition 1439:1502 According to these findings, HEK-293-derived hTSH can be considered to be useful for clinical applications, in view as well of its human origin and particular carbohydrate composition. 25278953 0 0 theme cuticles 82:89 arg1 analysis 24:31 Chemical and structural analysis 0:31 Chemical and structural analysis of Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles: a lipidized cell wall region. 0:120 Chemical and structural analysis of Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles: a lipidized cell wall region. 25278953 5 1 theme different 907:915 arg1 patterns 928:935 different structural patterns 907:935 different structural patterns in the regions ascribed to the cuticle proper and cuticular layer, respectively 907:1015 After cutin depolymerization, a cellulose network resembling the cell wall was observed, with different structural patterns in the regions ascribed to the cuticle proper and cuticular layer, respectively. 25278953 1 2 theme cell 244:247 arg1 wall 249:252 the external epidermal cell wall 221:252 the external epidermal cell wall 221:252 The plant cuticle has traditionally been conceived as an independent hydrophobic layer that covers the external epidermal cell wall. 25278953 0 3 theme leaf 77:80 arg1 cuticles 82:89 Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles 36:89 Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles 36:89 Chemical and structural analysis of Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles: a lipidized cell wall region. 25278953 8 4 theme existing 1413:1420 arg1 methodologies 1422:1434 the existing methodologies 1409:1434 the existing methodologies 1409:1434 The major heterogeneity of the plant cuticle makes it difficult to establish a direct link between cuticle chemistry and structure with the existing methodologies. 25278953 4 5 theme soluble 695:701 arg1 compounds 703:711 The soluble compounds 691:711 The soluble compounds 691:711 The soluble compounds and cutin monomers identified could not be assigned to a concrete internal cuticle ultra-structure. 25278953 8 6 theme cuticle 1372:1378 arg1 chemistry 1380:1388 cuticle chemistry 1372:1388 cuticle chemistry 1372:1388 The major heterogeneity of the plant cuticle makes it difficult to establish a direct link between cuticle chemistry and structure with the existing methodologies. 25278953 7 7 contain contains 1245:1252 arg1 region 1232:1237 a modified cell wall region 1211:1237 a modified cell wall region which contains additional lipids 1211:1270 It is concluded that the cuticle may be interpreted as a modified cell wall region which contains additional lipids. 25278953 7 7 contain contains 1245:1252 arg2 lipids 1265:1270 additional lipids 1254:1270 additional lipids 1254:1270 It is concluded that the cuticle may be interpreted as a modified cell wall region which contains additional lipids. 25278953 7 7 contain contains 1245:1252 arg1 cuticle 1181:1187 the cuticle 1177:1187 the cuticle 1177:1187 It is concluded that the cuticle may be interpreted as a modified cell wall region which contains additional lipids. 25278953 3 8 theme camaldulensis 515:527 arg1 structure 456:464 structure 456:464 structure 456:464 This study aimed to examine the link between chemical composition and structure of isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus by the gradual extraction and identification of lipid constituents (cutin and soluble lipids), coupled to spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. 25278953 3 8 theme camaldulensis 515:527 arg1 composition 440:450 chemical composition 431:450 chemical composition 431:450 This study aimed to examine the link between chemical composition and structure of isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus by the gradual extraction and identification of lipid constituents (cutin and soluble lipids), coupled to spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. 25278953 5 9 theme proper 976:981 arg1 layer 997:1001 the cuticle proper and cuticular layer 964:1001 the cuticle proper and cuticular layer 964:1001 After cutin depolymerization, a cellulose network resembling the cell wall was observed, with different structural patterns in the regions ascribed to the cuticle proper and cuticular layer, respectively. 25278953 5 10 theme cuticle 968:974 arg1 layer 997:1001 the cuticle proper and cuticular layer 964:1001 the cuticle proper and cuticular layer 964:1001 After cutin depolymerization, a cellulose network resembling the cell wall was observed, with different structural patterns in the regions ascribed to the cuticle proper and cuticular layer, respectively. 25278953 0 11 theme cell 104:107 arg1 region 114:119 a lipidized cell wall region 92:119 Chemical and structural analysis of Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles: a lipidized cell wall region. 0:120 Chemical and structural analysis of Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles: a lipidized cell wall region. 25278953 4 12 theme cutin 717:721 arg1 monomers 723:730 cutin monomers 717:730 cutin monomers 717:730 The soluble compounds and cutin monomers identified could not be assigned to a concrete internal cuticle ultra-structure. 25278953 3 13 theme isolated 469:476 arg1 cuticles 492:499 isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles 469:499 isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles 469:499 This study aimed to examine the link between chemical composition and structure of isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus by the gradual extraction and identification of lipid constituents (cutin and soluble lipids), coupled to spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. 25278953 4 14 theme internal 779:786 arg1 ultra-structure 796:810 a concrete internal cuticle ultra-structure 768:810 a concrete internal cuticle ultra-structure 768:810 The soluble compounds and cutin monomers identified could not be assigned to a concrete internal cuticle ultra-structure. 25278953 3 15 theme chemical 431:438 arg1 composition 440:450 chemical composition 431:450 chemical composition 431:450 This study aimed to examine the link between chemical composition and structure of isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus by the gradual extraction and identification of lipid constituents (cutin and soluble lipids), coupled to spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. 25278953 0 16 theme lipidized 94:102 arg1 region 114:119 a lipidized cell wall region 92:119 Chemical and structural analysis of Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles: a lipidized cell wall region. 0:120 Chemical and structural analysis of Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles: a lipidized cell wall region. 25278953 5 17 theme structural 917:926 arg1 patterns 928:935 different structural patterns 907:935 different structural patterns in the regions ascribed to the cuticle proper and cuticular layer, respectively 907:1015 After cutin depolymerization, a cellulose network resembling the cell wall was observed, with different structural patterns in the regions ascribed to the cuticle proper and cuticular layer, respectively. 25278953 8 18 with chemistry 1380:1388 arg1 methodologies 1422:1434 the existing methodologies 1409:1434 the existing methodologies 1409:1434 The major heterogeneity of the plant cuticle makes it difficult to establish a direct link between cuticle chemistry and structure with the existing methodologies. 25278953 3 19 theme globulus 536:543 arg1 structure 456:464 structure 456:464 structure 456:464 This study aimed to examine the link between chemical composition and structure of isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus by the gradual extraction and identification of lipid constituents (cutin and soluble lipids), coupled to spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. 25278953 3 19 theme globulus 536:543 arg1 composition 440:450 chemical composition 431:450 chemical composition 431:450 This study aimed to examine the link between chemical composition and structure of isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus by the gradual extraction and identification of lipid constituents (cutin and soluble lipids), coupled to spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. 25278953 5 20 theme cutin 819:823 arg1 depolymerization 825:840 cutin depolymerization 819:840 cutin depolymerization 819:840 After cutin depolymerization, a cellulose network resembling the cell wall was observed, with different structural patterns in the regions ascribed to the cuticle proper and cuticular layer, respectively. 25278953 7 21 theme modified 1213:1220 arg1 region 1232:1237 a modified cell wall region 1211:1237 a modified cell wall region which contains additional lipids 1211:1270 It is concluded that the cuticle may be interpreted as a modified cell wall region which contains additional lipids. 25278953 7 21 theme modified 1213:1220 arg1 cuticle 1181:1187 the cuticle 1177:1187 the cuticle 1177:1187 It is concluded that the cuticle may be interpreted as a modified cell wall region which contains additional lipids. 25278953 0 22 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 analysis 24:31 Chemical and structural analysis 0:31 Chemical and structural analysis of Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles: a lipidized cell wall region. 0:120 Chemical and structural analysis of Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles: a lipidized cell wall region. 25278953 5 23 from patterns 928:935 arg1 regions 944:950 the regions 940:950 the regions ascribed to the cuticle proper and cuticular layer, respectively 940:1015 After cutin depolymerization, a cellulose network resembling the cell wall was observed, with different structural patterns in the regions ascribed to the cuticle proper and cuticular layer, respectively. 25278953 8 24 theme direct 1352:1357 arg1 link 1359:1362 a direct link 1350:1362 a direct link between cuticle chemistry and structure with the existing methodologies 1350:1434 The major heterogeneity of the plant cuticle makes it difficult to establish a direct link between cuticle chemistry and structure with the existing methodologies. 25278953 2 25 theme existing 282:289 arg1 relationship 291:302 the existing relationship 278:302 the existing relationship between cuticle chemical composition and ultra-structure 278:359 Due to its complexity, the existing relationship between cuticle chemical composition and ultra-structure remains unclear to date. 25278953 6 26 dep presence 1102:1109 arg1 the 1098:1100 the 1098:1100 the 1098:1100 Our results suggest that the current cuticle model should be revised, stressing the presence and major role of cell wall polysaccharides. 25278953 1 27 theme independent 179:189 arg1 cuticle 132:138 The plant cuticle 122:138 The plant cuticle 122:138 The plant cuticle has traditionally been conceived as an independent hydrophobic layer that covers the external epidermal cell wall. 25278953 1 27 theme independent 179:189 arg1 layer 203:207 an independent hydrophobic layer 176:207 an independent hydrophobic layer that covers the external epidermal cell wall 176:252 The plant cuticle has traditionally been conceived as an independent hydrophobic layer that covers the external epidermal cell wall. 25278953 0 28 theme structural 13:22 arg1 analysis 24:31 Chemical and structural analysis 0:31 Chemical and structural analysis of Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles: a lipidized cell wall region. 0:120 Chemical and structural analysis of Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles: a lipidized cell wall region. 25278953 8 29 with structure 1394:1402 arg1 methodologies 1422:1434 the existing methodologies 1409:1434 the existing methodologies 1409:1434 The major heterogeneity of the plant cuticle makes it difficult to establish a direct link between cuticle chemistry and structure with the existing methodologies. 25278953 0 30 theme wall 109:112 arg1 region 114:119 a lipidized cell wall region 92:119 Chemical and structural analysis of Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles: a lipidized cell wall region. 0:120 Chemical and structural analysis of Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles: a lipidized cell wall region. 25278953 0 31 dep E. 60:61 arg1 camaldulensis 63:75 camaldulensis 63:75 camaldulensis 63:75 Chemical and structural analysis of Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles: a lipidized cell wall region. 25278953 1 32 theme hydrophobic 191:201 arg1 cuticle 132:138 The plant cuticle 122:138 The plant cuticle 122:138 The plant cuticle has traditionally been conceived as an independent hydrophobic layer that covers the external epidermal cell wall. 25278953 1 32 theme hydrophobic 191:201 arg1 layer 203:207 an independent hydrophobic layer 176:207 an independent hydrophobic layer that covers the external epidermal cell wall 176:252 The plant cuticle has traditionally been conceived as an independent hydrophobic layer that covers the external epidermal cell wall. 25278953 0 33 theme Eucalyptus 36:45 arg1 cuticles 82:89 Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles 36:89 Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles 36:89 Chemical and structural analysis of Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles: a lipidized cell wall region. 25278953 6 34 theme cell 1129:1132 arg1 polysaccharides 1139:1153 cell wall polysaccharides 1129:1153 cell wall polysaccharides 1129:1153 Our results suggest that the current cuticle model should be revised, stressing the presence and major role of cell wall polysaccharides. 25278953 8 35 theme major 1277:1281 arg1 heterogeneity 1283:1295 The major heterogeneity 1273:1295 The major heterogeneity of the plant cuticle 1273:1316 The major heterogeneity of the plant cuticle makes it difficult to establish a direct link between cuticle chemistry and structure with the existing methodologies. 25278953 3 36 theme constituents 599:610 arg1 extraction 560:569 gradual extraction 552:569 gradual extraction 552:569 This study aimed to examine the link between chemical composition and structure of isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus by the gradual extraction and identification of lipid constituents (cutin and soluble lipids), coupled to spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. 25278953 3 36 theme constituents 599:610 arg1 identification 575:588 identification 575:588 identification of lipid constituents 575:610 This study aimed to examine the link between chemical composition and structure of isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus by the gradual extraction and identification of lipid constituents (cutin and soluble lipids), coupled to spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. 25278953 3 36 theme constituents 599:610 arg1 analyses 681:688 microscopic analyses 669:688 microscopic analyses 669:688 This study aimed to examine the link between chemical composition and structure of isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus by the gradual extraction and identification of lipid constituents (cutin and soluble lipids), coupled to spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. 25278953 6 37 theme cuticle 1055:1061 arg1 model 1063:1067 the current cuticle model 1043:1067 the current cuticle model 1043:1067 Our results suggest that the current cuticle model should be revised, stressing the presence and major role of cell wall polysaccharides. 25278953 5 38 theme cell 878:881 arg1 wall 883:886 the cell wall 874:886 the cell wall 874:886 After cutin depolymerization, a cellulose network resembling the cell wall was observed, with different structural patterns in the regions ascribed to the cuticle proper and cuticular layer, respectively. 25278953 8 39 theme cuticle 1310:1316 arg1 heterogeneity 1283:1295 The major heterogeneity 1273:1295 The major heterogeneity of the plant cuticle 1273:1316 The major heterogeneity of the plant cuticle makes it difficult to establish a direct link between cuticle chemistry and structure with the existing methodologies. 25278953 6 40 theme current 1047:1053 arg1 model 1063:1067 the current cuticle model 1043:1067 the current cuticle model 1043:1067 Our results suggest that the current cuticle model should be revised, stressing the presence and major role of cell wall polysaccharides. 25278953 7 41 theme wall 1227:1230 arg1 region 1232:1237 a modified cell wall region 1211:1237 a modified cell wall region which contains additional lipids 1211:1270 It is concluded that the cuticle may be interpreted as a modified cell wall region which contains additional lipids. 25278953 7 41 theme wall 1227:1230 arg1 cuticle 1181:1187 the cuticle 1177:1187 the cuticle 1177:1187 It is concluded that the cuticle may be interpreted as a modified cell wall region which contains additional lipids. 25278953 0 42 dep Eucalyptus 36:45 arg1 globulus 47:54 globulus 47:54 globulus 47:54 Chemical and structural analysis of Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles: a lipidized cell wall region. 25278953 6 43 theme major 1115:1119 arg1 role 1121:1124 major role 1115:1124 major role 1115:1124 Our results suggest that the current cuticle model should be revised, stressing the presence and major role of cell wall polysaccharides. 25278953 3 44 theme leaf 487:490 arg1 cuticles 492:499 isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles 469:499 isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles 469:499 This study aimed to examine the link between chemical composition and structure of isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus by the gradual extraction and identification of lipid constituents (cutin and soluble lipids), coupled to spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. 25278953 8 45 gly heterogeneity 1283:1295 arg1 cuticle 1310:1316 the plant cuticle 1300:1316 the plant cuticle 1300:1316 The major heterogeneity of the plant cuticle makes it difficult to establish a direct link between cuticle chemistry and structure with the existing methodologies. 25278953 3 46 theme microscopic 669:679 arg1 analyses 681:688 microscopic analyses 669:688 microscopic analyses 669:688 This study aimed to examine the link between chemical composition and structure of isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus by the gradual extraction and identification of lipid constituents (cutin and soluble lipids), coupled to spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. 25278953 3 47 theme lipid 593:597 arg1 constituents 599:610 lipid constituents 593:610 lipid constituents 593:610 This study aimed to examine the link between chemical composition and structure of isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus by the gradual extraction and identification of lipid constituents (cutin and soluble lipids), coupled to spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. 25278953 3 48 theme cuticles 492:499 arg1 structure 456:464 structure 456:464 structure 456:464 This study aimed to examine the link between chemical composition and structure of isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus by the gradual extraction and identification of lipid constituents (cutin and soluble lipids), coupled to spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. 25278953 3 48 theme cuticles 492:499 arg1 composition 440:450 chemical composition 431:450 chemical composition 431:450 This study aimed to examine the link between chemical composition and structure of isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus by the gradual extraction and identification of lipid constituents (cutin and soluble lipids), coupled to spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. 25278953 7 49 theme additional 1254:1263 arg1 lipids 1265:1270 additional lipids 1254:1270 additional lipids 1254:1270 It is concluded that the cuticle may be interpreted as a modified cell wall region which contains additional lipids. 25278953 3 50 theme soluble 623:629 arg1 lipids 631:636 soluble lipids 623:636 soluble lipids 623:636 This study aimed to examine the link between chemical composition and structure of isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus by the gradual extraction and identification of lipid constituents (cutin and soluble lipids), coupled to spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. 25278953 0 51 dep analysis 24:31 arg1 region 114:119 a lipidized cell wall region 92:119 Chemical and structural analysis of Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles: a lipidized cell wall region. 0:120 Chemical and structural analysis of Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles: a lipidized cell wall region. 25278953 2 52 theme chemical 320:327 arg1 composition 329:339 cuticle chemical composition 312:339 cuticle chemical composition 312:339 Due to its complexity, the existing relationship between cuticle chemical composition and ultra-structure remains unclear to date. 25278953 3 53 theme gradual 552:558 arg1 extraction 560:569 gradual extraction 552:569 gradual extraction 552:569 This study aimed to examine the link between chemical composition and structure of isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus by the gradual extraction and identification of lipid constituents (cutin and soluble lipids), coupled to spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. 25278953 4 54 theme concrete 770:777 arg1 ultra-structure 796:810 a concrete internal cuticle ultra-structure 768:810 a concrete internal cuticle ultra-structure 768:810 The soluble compounds and cutin monomers identified could not be assigned to a concrete internal cuticle ultra-structure. 25278953 4 55 theme cuticle 788:794 arg1 ultra-structure 796:810 a concrete internal cuticle ultra-structure 768:810 a concrete internal cuticle ultra-structure 768:810 The soluble compounds and cutin monomers identified could not be assigned to a concrete internal cuticle ultra-structure. 25278953 2 56 theme cuticle 312:318 arg1 composition 329:339 cuticle chemical composition 312:339 cuticle chemical composition 312:339 Due to its complexity, the existing relationship between cuticle chemical composition and ultra-structure remains unclear to date. 25278953 6 57 theme wall 1134:1137 arg1 polysaccharides 1139:1153 cell wall polysaccharides 1129:1153 cell wall polysaccharides 1129:1153 Our results suggest that the current cuticle model should be revised, stressing the presence and major role of cell wall polysaccharides. 25278953 8 58 theme plant 1304:1308 arg1 cuticle 1310:1316 the plant cuticle 1300:1316 the plant cuticle 1300:1316 The major heterogeneity of the plant cuticle makes it difficult to establish a direct link between cuticle chemistry and structure with the existing methodologies. 25278953 7 59 theme cell 1222:1225 arg1 region 1232:1237 a modified cell wall region 1211:1237 a modified cell wall region which contains additional lipids 1211:1270 It is concluded that the cuticle may be interpreted as a modified cell wall region which contains additional lipids. 25278953 7 59 theme cell 1222:1225 arg1 cuticle 1181:1187 the cuticle 1177:1187 the cuticle 1177:1187 It is concluded that the cuticle may be interpreted as a modified cell wall region which contains additional lipids. 25278953 5 60 theme cuticular 987:995 arg1 layer 997:1001 the cuticle proper and cuticular layer 964:1001 the cuticle proper and cuticular layer 964:1001 After cutin depolymerization, a cellulose network resembling the cell wall was observed, with different structural patterns in the regions ascribed to the cuticle proper and cuticular layer, respectively. 25278953 5 61 theme cellulose 845:853 arg1 network 855:861 a cellulose network 843:861 a cellulose network resembling the cell wall 843:886 After cutin depolymerization, a cellulose network resembling the cell wall was observed, with different structural patterns in the regions ascribed to the cuticle proper and cuticular layer, respectively. 25278953 1 62 theme plant 126:130 arg1 cuticle 132:138 The plant cuticle 122:138 The plant cuticle 122:138 The plant cuticle has traditionally been conceived as an independent hydrophobic layer that covers the external epidermal cell wall. 25278953 1 62 theme plant 126:130 arg1 layer 203:207 an independent hydrophobic layer 176:207 an independent hydrophobic layer that covers the external epidermal cell wall 176:252 The plant cuticle has traditionally been conceived as an independent hydrophobic layer that covers the external epidermal cell wall. 25278953 1 63 theme external 225:232 arg1 wall 249:252 the external epidermal cell wall 221:252 the external epidermal cell wall 221:252 The plant cuticle has traditionally been conceived as an independent hydrophobic layer that covers the external epidermal cell wall. 25278953 0 64 theme E. 60:61 arg1 cuticles 82:89 Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles 36:89 Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles 36:89 Chemical and structural analysis of Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles: a lipidized cell wall region. 25278953 6 65 theme polysaccharides 1139:1153 arg1 presence 1102:1109 presence 1102:1109 presence 1102:1109 Our results suggest that the current cuticle model should be revised, stressing the presence and major role of cell wall polysaccharides. 25278953 6 65 theme polysaccharides 1139:1153 arg1 role 1121:1124 major role 1115:1124 major role 1115:1124 Our results suggest that the current cuticle model should be revised, stressing the presence and major role of cell wall polysaccharides. 25278953 3 66 dep isolated 469:476 arg1 adaxial 479:485 adaxial 479:485 adaxial 479:485 This study aimed to examine the link between chemical composition and structure of isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus by the gradual extraction and identification of lipid constituents (cutin and soluble lipids), coupled to spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. 25278953 3 67 dep extraction 560:569 arg1 the 548:550 the 548:550 the 548:550 This study aimed to examine the link between chemical composition and structure of isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus by the gradual extraction and identification of lipid constituents (cutin and soluble lipids), coupled to spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. 25278953 3 67 dep extraction 560:569 arg1 cutin 613:617 cutin 613:617 cutin 613:617 This study aimed to examine the link between chemical composition and structure of isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus by the gradual extraction and identification of lipid constituents (cutin and soluble lipids), coupled to spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. 25278953 3 67 dep extraction 560:569 arg1 lipids 631:636 soluble lipids 623:636 soluble lipids 623:636 This study aimed to examine the link between chemical composition and structure of isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus by the gradual extraction and identification of lipid constituents (cutin and soluble lipids), coupled to spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. 25278953 1 68 theme epidermal 234:242 arg1 wall 249:252 the external epidermal cell wall 221:252 the external epidermal cell wall 221:252 The plant cuticle has traditionally been conceived as an independent hydrophobic layer that covers the external epidermal cell wall. 26228176 5 0 with DIO 588:590 arg1 citrulline 597:606 citrulline 597:606 citrulline 597:606 DIO mice were then treated with DIO alone, DIO with citrulline, DIO with atorvastatin or DIO with citrulline and atorvastatin (DIOcit-stat) for 3 weeks. 26228176 11 1 theme fat 1549:1551 arg1 accumulation 1558:1569 fat mass accumulation 1549:1569 fat mass accumulation 1549:1569 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The citrulline-atorvastatin combination prevented fat mass accumulation and maintained glucose homeostasis in DIO mice. 26228176 10 2 theme transcription 1307:1319 arg1 factor 1321:1326 the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP 1303:1362 factor 1321:1326 This was associated with decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of other DIO groups. 26228176 10 2 theme transcription 1307:1319 arg1 ChREBP 1357:1362 ChREBP 1357:1362 ChREBP 1357:1362 This was associated with decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of other DIO groups. 26228176 10 2 theme transcription 1307:1319 arg1 α 1354:1354 liver X receptor α 1337:1354 liver X receptor α 1337:1354 This was associated with decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of other DIO groups. 26228176 2 3 theme NO 297:298 arg1 production 300:309 NO production 297:309 NO production 297:309 Combination of citrulline and atorvastatin potentiated NO production in vitro. 26228176 13 4 theme glucose 1750:1756 arg1 homeostasis 1758:1768 glucose homeostasis 1750:1768 glucose homeostasis 1750:1768 This combination has potential for preservation of glucose homeostasis in patients receiving statin therapy. 26228176 12 5 dep de 1669:1670 arg1 novo 1672:1675 novo 1672:1675 novo 1672:1675 Furthermore, it potentiated inhibition of hepatic de novo lipogenesis activity. 26228176 2 6 theme atorvastatin 272:283 arg1 Combination 242:252 Combination 242:252 Combination of citrulline and atorvastatin 242:283 Combination of citrulline and atorvastatin potentiated NO production in vitro. 26228176 7 7 dep RESULTS 811:817 arg1 showed 836:841 showed 836:841 showed lower body weight, fat mass and epididymal fat depots compared with other DIO groups 836:926 KEY RESULTS DIOcit-stat mice showed lower body weight, fat mass and epididymal fat depots compared with other DIO groups. 26228176 1 8 theme metabolism 181:190 arg1 NO 135:136 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO 112:136 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO 112:136 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO is a crucial regulator of energy and lipid metabolism, whose homeostasis is compromised during obesity. 26228176 1 8 theme metabolism 181:190 arg1 regulator 151:159 a crucial regulator 141:159 a crucial regulator 141:159 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO is a crucial regulator of energy and lipid metabolism, whose homeostasis is compromised during obesity. 26228176 12 9 theme activity 1689:1696 arg1 inhibition 1647:1656 inhibition 1647:1656 inhibition of hepatic de novo lipogenesis activity 1647:1696 Furthermore, it potentiated inhibition of hepatic de novo lipogenesis activity. 26228176 9 10 theme liver 1150:1154 arg1 activity 1166:1173 liver lipogenic activity 1150:1173 liver lipogenic activity 1150:1173 Refeeding-induced changes in liver lipogenic activity were also reduced in DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of DIO animals. 26228176 4 11 theme male 447:450 arg1 mice 452:455 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J male mice 416:455 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J male mice 416:455 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J male mice were given a standard diet (control) or a high fat-high sucrose diet (DIO) for 8 weeks. 26228176 9 12 from changes 1139:1145 arg1 activity 1166:1173 liver lipogenic activity 1150:1173 liver lipogenic activity 1150:1173 Refeeding-induced changes in liver lipogenic activity were also reduced in DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of DIO animals. 26228176 1 13 theme PURPOSE 127:133 arg1 NO 135:136 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO 112:136 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO 112:136 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO is a crucial regulator of energy and lipid metabolism, whose homeostasis is compromised during obesity. 26228176 1 13 theme PURPOSE 127:133 arg1 regulator 151:159 a crucial regulator 141:159 a crucial regulator 141:159 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO is a crucial regulator of energy and lipid metabolism, whose homeostasis is compromised during obesity. 26228176 2 14 theme citrulline 257:266 arg1 Combination 242:252 Combination 242:252 Combination of citrulline and atorvastatin 242:283 Combination of citrulline and atorvastatin potentiated NO production in vitro. 26228176 7 15 theme other 911:915 arg1 groups 921:926 other DIO groups 911:926 other DIO groups 911:926 KEY RESULTS DIOcit-stat mice showed lower body weight, fat mass and epididymal fat depots compared with other DIO groups. 26228176 12 16 theme de 1669:1670 arg1 activity 1689:1696 hepatic de novo lipogenesis activity 1661:1696 hepatic de novo lipogenesis activity 1661:1696 Furthermore, it potentiated inhibition of hepatic de novo lipogenesis activity. 26228176 10 17 dep factor 1321:1326 arg1 SREBP-1 1328:1334 SREBP-1 1328:1334 SREBP-1 1328:1334 This was associated with decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of other DIO groups. 26228176 1 18 theme crucial 143:149 arg1 NO 135:136 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO 112:136 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO 112:136 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO is a crucial regulator of energy and lipid metabolism, whose homeostasis is compromised during obesity. 26228176 1 18 theme crucial 143:149 arg1 regulator 151:159 a crucial regulator 141:159 a crucial regulator 141:159 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO is a crucial regulator of energy and lipid metabolism, whose homeostasis is compromised during obesity. 26228176 8 19 theme DIO 942:944 arg1 groups 946:951 other DIO groups 936:951 other DIO groups 936:951 Unlike other DIO groups, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of DIOcit-stat, along with blood glucose and insulin concentrations in response to feeding, were restored to control values. 26228176 7 20 theme fat 886:888 arg1 depots 890:895 epididymal fat depots 875:895 epididymal fat depots 875:895 KEY RESULTS DIOcit-stat mice showed lower body weight, fat mass and epididymal fat depots compared with other DIO groups. 26228176 6 21 theme glucose 728:734 arg1 tolerance 736:744 glucose tolerance 728:744 glucose tolerance 728:744 Thereafter, body composition, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and liver fat metabolism were measured. 26228176 0 22 theme diet-induced 90:101 arg1 obesity 103:109 diet-induced obesity 90:109 diet-induced obesity 90:109 Combining citrulline with atorvastatin preserves glucose homeostasis in a murine model of diet-induced obesity. 26228176 10 23 theme enzymes 1388:1394 arg1 expression 1289:1298 decreased gene expression 1274:1298 decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice 1274:1427 This was associated with decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of other DIO groups. 26228176 7 24 theme fat 862:864 arg1 mass 866:869 fat mass 862:869 fat mass 862:869 KEY RESULTS DIOcit-stat mice showed lower body weight, fat mass and epididymal fat depots compared with other DIO groups. 26228176 10 25 theme target 1371:1376 arg1 enzymes 1388:1394 target lipogenic enzymes 1371:1394 target lipogenic enzymes 1371:1394 This was associated with decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of other DIO groups. 26228176 8 26 theme insulin 976:982 arg1 sensitivity 984:994 insulin sensitivity 976:994 insulin sensitivity of DIOcit-stat 976:1009 Unlike other DIO groups, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of DIOcit-stat, along with blood glucose and insulin concentrations in response to feeding, were restored to control values. 26228176 1 27 theme BACKGROUND 112:121 arg1 NO 135:136 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO 112:136 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO 112:136 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO is a crucial regulator of energy and lipid metabolism, whose homeostasis is compromised during obesity. 26228176 1 27 theme BACKGROUND 112:121 arg1 regulator 151:159 a crucial regulator 141:159 a crucial regulator 141:159 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO is a crucial regulator of energy and lipid metabolism, whose homeostasis is compromised during obesity. 26228176 8 28 from concentrations 1049:1062 arg1 response 1067:1074 response 1067:1074 response to feeding 1067:1085 Unlike other DIO groups, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of DIOcit-stat, along with blood glucose and insulin concentrations in response to feeding, were restored to control values. 26228176 10 29 from expression 1289:1298 arg1 liver 1403:1407 the liver 1399:1407 the liver of DIOcit-stat mice 1399:1427 This was associated with decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of other DIO groups. 26228176 4 30 theme high 499:502 arg1 DIO 527:529 DIO 527:529 DIO 527:529 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J male mice were given a standard diet (control) or a high fat-high sucrose diet (DIO) for 8 weeks. 26228176 4 30 theme high 499:502 arg1 diet 521:524 a high fat-high sucrose diet 497:524 a high fat-high sucrose diet (DIO) 497:530 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J male mice were given a standard diet (control) or a high fat-high sucrose diet (DIO) for 8 weeks. 26228176 6 31 theme liver 771:775 arg1 metabolism 781:790 liver fat metabolism 771:790 liver fat metabolism 771:790 Thereafter, body composition, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and liver fat metabolism were measured. 26228176 4 32 theme sucrose 513:519 arg1 DIO 527:529 DIO 527:529 DIO 527:529 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J male mice were given a standard diet (control) or a high fat-high sucrose diet (DIO) for 8 weeks. 26228176 4 32 theme sucrose 513:519 arg1 diet 521:524 a high fat-high sucrose diet 497:524 a high fat-high sucrose diet (DIO) 497:530 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J male mice were given a standard diet (control) or a high fat-high sucrose diet (DIO) for 8 weeks. 26228176 10 33 theme mice 1424:1427 arg1 liver 1403:1407 the liver 1399:1407 the liver of DIOcit-stat mice 1399:1427 This was associated with decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of other DIO groups. 26228176 10 34 theme receptor 1345:1352 arg1 factor 1321:1326 the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP 1303:1362 factor 1321:1326 This was associated with decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of other DIO groups. 26228176 10 34 theme receptor 1345:1352 arg1 α 1354:1354 liver X receptor α 1337:1354 liver X receptor α 1337:1354 This was associated with decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of other DIO groups. 26228176 7 35 theme body 849:852 arg1 weight 854:859 lower body weight 843:859 lower body weight 843:859 KEY RESULTS DIOcit-stat mice showed lower body weight, fat mass and epididymal fat depots compared with other DIO groups. 26228176 8 36 theme glucose 1029:1035 arg1 concentrations 1049:1062 blood glucose and insulin concentrations 1023:1062 blood glucose and insulin concentrations in response to feeding 1023:1085 Unlike other DIO groups, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of DIOcit-stat, along with blood glucose and insulin concentrations in response to feeding, were restored to control values. 26228176 10 37 theme DIO 1458:1460 arg1 groups 1462:1467 other DIO groups 1452:1467 other DIO groups 1452:1467 This was associated with decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of other DIO groups. 26228176 8 38 theme insulin 1041:1047 arg1 concentrations 1049:1062 blood glucose and insulin concentrations 1023:1062 blood glucose and insulin concentrations in response to feeding 1023:1085 Unlike other DIO groups, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of DIOcit-stat, along with blood glucose and insulin concentrations in response to feeding, were restored to control values. 26228176 10 39 theme decreased 1274:1282 arg1 expression 1289:1298 decreased gene expression 1274:1298 decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice 1274:1427 This was associated with decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of other DIO groups. 26228176 7 40 theme DIOcit-stat 819:829 arg1 mice 831:834 DIOcit-stat mice 819:834 DIOcit-stat mice 819:834 KEY RESULTS DIOcit-stat mice showed lower body weight, fat mass and epididymal fat depots compared with other DIO groups. 26228176 11 41 dep CONCLUSIONS 1470:1480 arg1 combination 1527:1537 The citrulline-atorvastatin combination 1499:1537 The citrulline-atorvastatin combination 1499:1537 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The citrulline-atorvastatin combination prevented fat mass accumulation and maintained glucose homeostasis in DIO mice. 26228176 6 42 theme body 710:713 arg1 composition 715:725 body composition 710:725 body composition 710:725 Thereafter, body composition, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and liver fat metabolism were measured. 26228176 10 43 theme factor 1321:1326 arg1 expression 1289:1298 decreased gene expression 1274:1298 decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice 1274:1427 This was associated with decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of other DIO groups. 26228176 7 44 theme KEY 807:809 arg1 RESULTS 811:817 KEY RESULTS 807:817 KEY RESULTS DIOcit-stat mice showed lower body weight, fat mass and epididymal fat depots compared with other DIO groups. 807:927 KEY RESULTS DIOcit-stat mice showed lower body weight, fat mass and epididymal fat depots compared with other DIO groups. 26228176 1 45 theme energy 164:169 arg1 NO 135:136 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO 112:136 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO 112:136 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO is a crucial regulator of energy and lipid metabolism, whose homeostasis is compromised during obesity. 26228176 1 45 theme energy 164:169 arg1 regulator 151:159 a crucial regulator 141:159 a crucial regulator 141:159 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO is a crucial regulator of energy and lipid metabolism, whose homeostasis is compromised during obesity. 26228176 12 46 theme lipogenesis 1677:1687 arg1 activity 1689:1696 hepatic de novo lipogenesis activity 1661:1696 hepatic de novo lipogenesis activity 1661:1696 Furthermore, it potentiated inhibition of hepatic de novo lipogenesis activity. 26228176 11 47 theme DIO 1609:1611 arg1 mice 1613:1616 DIO mice 1609:1616 DIO mice 1609:1616 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The citrulline-atorvastatin combination prevented fat mass accumulation and maintained glucose homeostasis in DIO mice. 26228176 9 48 theme Refeeding-induced 1121:1137 arg1 changes 1139:1145 Refeeding-induced changes 1121:1145 Refeeding-induced changes in liver lipogenic activity 1121:1173 Refeeding-induced changes in liver lipogenic activity were also reduced in DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of DIO animals. 26228176 1 49 theme lipid 175:179 arg1 metabolism 181:190 lipid metabolism 175:190 lipid metabolism 175:190 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO is a crucial regulator of energy and lipid metabolism, whose homeostasis is compromised during obesity. 26228176 8 50 theme other 936:940 arg1 groups 946:951 other DIO groups 936:951 other DIO groups 936:951 Unlike other DIO groups, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of DIOcit-stat, along with blood glucose and insulin concentrations in response to feeding, were restored to control values. 26228176 3 51 with mice 378:381 arg1 DIO 410:412 DIO 410:412 DIO 410:412 Here we have assessed the effects of this combination in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO). 26228176 3 51 with mice 378:381 arg1 obesity 401:407 diet-induced obesity 388:407 diet-induced obesity (DIO) 388:413 Here we have assessed the effects of this combination in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO). 26228176 10 52 theme liver 1337:1341 arg1 factor 1321:1326 the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP 1303:1362 factor 1321:1326 This was associated with decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of other DIO groups. 26228176 10 52 theme liver 1337:1341 arg1 α 1354:1354 liver X receptor α 1337:1354 liver X receptor α 1337:1354 This was associated with decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of other DIO groups. 26228176 8 53 theme control 1105:1111 arg1 values 1113:1118 control values 1105:1118 control values 1105:1118 Unlike other DIO groups, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of DIOcit-stat, along with blood glucose and insulin concentrations in response to feeding, were restored to control values. 26228176 9 54 theme lipogenic 1156:1164 arg1 activity 1166:1173 liver lipogenic activity 1150:1173 liver lipogenic activity 1150:1173 Refeeding-induced changes in liver lipogenic activity were also reduced in DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of DIO animals. 26228176 13 55 from preservation 1734:1745 arg1 patients 1773:1780 patients 1773:1780 patients receiving statin therapy 1773:1805 This combination has potential for preservation of glucose homeostasis in patients receiving statin therapy. 26228176 4 56 theme EXPERIMENTAL 416:427 arg1 mice 452:455 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J male mice 416:455 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J male mice 416:455 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J male mice were given a standard diet (control) or a high fat-high sucrose diet (DIO) for 8 weeks. 26228176 4 57 theme C57BL/6J 438:445 arg1 mice 452:455 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J male mice 416:455 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J male mice 416:455 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J male mice were given a standard diet (control) or a high fat-high sucrose diet (DIO) for 8 weeks. 26228176 0 58 theme murine 74:79 arg1 model 81:85 a murine model 72:85 a murine model of diet-induced obesity 72:109 Combining citrulline with atorvastatin preserves glucose homeostasis in a murine model of diet-induced obesity. 26228176 9 59 theme DIOcit-stat 1196:1206 arg1 mice 1208:1211 DIOcit-stat mice 1196:1211 DIOcit-stat mice 1196:1211 Refeeding-induced changes in liver lipogenic activity were also reduced in DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of DIO animals. 26228176 7 60 theme DIO 917:919 arg1 groups 921:926 other DIO groups 911:926 other DIO groups 911:926 KEY RESULTS DIOcit-stat mice showed lower body weight, fat mass and epididymal fat depots compared with other DIO groups. 26228176 12 61 theme hepatic 1661:1667 arg1 activity 1689:1696 hepatic de novo lipogenesis activity 1661:1696 hepatic de novo lipogenesis activity 1661:1696 Furthermore, it potentiated inhibition of hepatic de novo lipogenesis activity. 26228176 4 62 theme APPROACH 429:436 arg1 mice 452:455 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J male mice 416:455 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J male mice 416:455 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J male mice were given a standard diet (control) or a high fat-high sucrose diet (DIO) for 8 weeks. 26228176 3 63 from effects 347:353 arg1 mice 378:381 mice 378:381 mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO) 378:413 Here we have assessed the effects of this combination in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO). 26228176 0 64 theme obesity 103:109 arg1 model 81:85 a murine model 72:85 a murine model of diet-induced obesity 72:109 Combining citrulline with atorvastatin preserves glucose homeostasis in a murine model of diet-induced obesity. 26228176 8 65 theme glucose 954:960 arg1 tolerance 962:970 glucose tolerance 954:970 glucose tolerance 954:970 Unlike other DIO groups, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of DIOcit-stat, along with blood glucose and insulin concentrations in response to feeding, were restored to control values. 26228176 3 66 theme combination 363:373 arg1 effects 347:353 the effects 343:353 the effects of this combination in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO) 343:413 Here we have assessed the effects of this combination in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO). 26228176 4 67 theme standard 470:477 arg1 diet 479:482 a standard diet 468:482 a standard diet (control) 468:492 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J male mice were given a standard diet (control) or a high fat-high sucrose diet (DIO) for 8 weeks. 26228176 4 67 theme standard 470:477 arg1 control 485:491 control 485:491 control 485:491 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J male mice were given a standard diet (control) or a high fat-high sucrose diet (DIO) for 8 weeks. 26228176 13 68 contain has 1716:1718 arg2 potential 1720:1728 potential 1720:1728 potential for preservation of glucose homeostasis in patients receiving statin therapy 1720:1805 This combination has potential for preservation of glucose homeostasis in patients receiving statin therapy. 26228176 13 68 contain has 1716:1718 arg1 combination 1704:1714 This combination 1699:1714 This combination 1699:1714 This combination has potential for preservation of glucose homeostasis in patients receiving statin therapy. 26228176 9 69 theme DIO 1236:1238 arg1 animals 1240:1246 DIO animals 1236:1246 DIO animals 1236:1246 Refeeding-induced changes in liver lipogenic activity were also reduced in DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of DIO animals. 26228176 7 70 theme epididymal 875:884 arg1 depots 890:895 epididymal fat depots 875:895 epididymal fat depots 875:895 KEY RESULTS DIOcit-stat mice showed lower body weight, fat mass and epididymal fat depots compared with other DIO groups. 26228176 10 71 theme lipogenic 1378:1386 arg1 enzymes 1388:1394 target lipogenic enzymes 1371:1394 target lipogenic enzymes 1371:1394 This was associated with decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of other DIO groups. 26228176 13 72 theme homeostasis 1758:1768 arg1 preservation 1734:1745 preservation 1734:1745 preservation of glucose homeostasis in patients receiving statin therapy 1734:1805 This combination has potential for preservation of glucose homeostasis in patients receiving statin therapy. 26228176 3 73 theme diet-induced 388:399 arg1 DIO 410:412 DIO 410:412 DIO 410:412 Here we have assessed the effects of this combination in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO). 26228176 3 73 theme diet-induced 388:399 arg1 obesity 401:407 diet-induced obesity 388:407 diet-induced obesity (DIO) 388:413 Here we have assessed the effects of this combination in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO). 26228176 13 74 theme statin 1792:1797 arg1 therapy 1799:1805 statin therapy 1792:1805 statin therapy 1792:1805 This combination has potential for preservation of glucose homeostasis in patients receiving statin therapy. 26228176 8 75 theme DIOcit-stat 999:1009 arg1 tolerance 962:970 glucose tolerance 954:970 glucose tolerance 954:970 Unlike other DIO groups, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of DIOcit-stat, along with blood glucose and insulin concentrations in response to feeding, were restored to control values. 26228176 8 75 theme DIOcit-stat 999:1009 arg1 sensitivity 984:994 insulin sensitivity 976:994 insulin sensitivity of DIOcit-stat 976:1009 Unlike other DIO groups, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of DIOcit-stat, along with blood glucose and insulin concentrations in response to feeding, were restored to control values. 26228176 5 76 theme DIO 545:547 arg1 mice 549:552 DIO mice 545:552 DIO mice 545:552 DIO mice were then treated with DIO alone, DIO with citrulline, DIO with atorvastatin or DIO with citrulline and atorvastatin (DIOcit-stat) for 3 weeks. 26228176 10 77 theme X 1343:1343 arg1 factor 1321:1326 the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP 1303:1362 factor 1321:1326 This was associated with decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of other DIO groups. 26228176 10 77 theme X 1343:1343 arg1 α 1354:1354 liver X receptor α 1337:1354 liver X receptor α 1337:1354 This was associated with decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of other DIO groups. 26228176 0 78 theme glucose 49:55 arg1 homeostasis 57:67 glucose homeostasis 49:67 glucose homeostasis 49:67 Combining citrulline with atorvastatin preserves glucose homeostasis in a murine model of diet-induced obesity. 26228176 4 79 theme fat-high 504:511 arg1 DIO 527:529 DIO 527:529 DIO 527:529 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J male mice were given a standard diet (control) or a high fat-high sucrose diet (DIO) for 8 weeks. 26228176 4 79 theme fat-high 504:511 arg1 diet 521:524 a high fat-high sucrose diet 497:524 a high fat-high sucrose diet (DIO) 497:530 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J male mice were given a standard diet (control) or a high fat-high sucrose diet (DIO) for 8 weeks. 26228176 11 80 theme citrulline-atorvastatin 1503:1525 arg1 combination 1527:1537 The citrulline-atorvastatin combination 1499:1537 The citrulline-atorvastatin combination 1499:1537 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The citrulline-atorvastatin combination prevented fat mass accumulation and maintained glucose homeostasis in DIO mice. 26228176 8 81 theme blood 1023:1027 arg1 glucose 1029:1035 blood glucose 1023:1035 blood glucose 1023:1035 Unlike other DIO groups, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of DIOcit-stat, along with blood glucose and insulin concentrations in response to feeding, were restored to control values. 26228176 6 82 theme fat 777:779 arg1 metabolism 781:790 liver fat metabolism 771:790 liver fat metabolism 771:790 Thereafter, body composition, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and liver fat metabolism were measured. 26228176 11 83 from homeostasis 1594:1604 arg1 mice 1613:1616 DIO mice 1609:1616 DIO mice 1609:1616 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The citrulline-atorvastatin combination prevented fat mass accumulation and maintained glucose homeostasis in DIO mice. 26228176 7 84 theme lower 843:847 arg1 weight 854:859 lower body weight 843:859 lower body weight 843:859 KEY RESULTS DIOcit-stat mice showed lower body weight, fat mass and epididymal fat depots compared with other DIO groups. 26228176 10 85 theme DIOcit-stat 1412:1422 arg1 mice 1424:1427 DIOcit-stat mice 1412:1427 DIOcit-stat mice 1412:1427 This was associated with decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of other DIO groups. 26228176 11 86 theme mass 1553:1556 arg1 accumulation 1558:1569 fat mass accumulation 1549:1569 fat mass accumulation 1549:1569 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The citrulline-atorvastatin combination prevented fat mass accumulation and maintained glucose homeostasis in DIO mice. 26228176 6 87 theme insulin 747:753 arg1 sensitivity 755:765 insulin sensitivity 747:765 insulin sensitivity 747:765 Thereafter, body composition, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and liver fat metabolism were measured. 26228176 10 88 theme other 1452:1456 arg1 groups 1462:1467 other DIO groups 1452:1467 other DIO groups 1452:1467 This was associated with decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of other DIO groups. 26228176 11 89 theme glucose 1586:1592 arg1 homeostasis 1594:1604 glucose homeostasis 1586:1604 glucose homeostasis in DIO mice 1586:1616 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The citrulline-atorvastatin combination prevented fat mass accumulation and maintained glucose homeostasis in DIO mice. 26228176 10 90 theme gene 1284:1287 arg1 expression 1289:1298 decreased gene expression 1274:1298 decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice 1274:1427 This was associated with decreased gene expression of the transcription factor SREBP-1, liver X receptor α, ChREBP and of target lipogenic enzymes in the liver of DIOcit-stat mice compared with those of other DIO groups. 25813364 11 0 theme species 1344:1350 arg1 strains 1323:1329 the type strains 1314:1329 the type strains of the other species of the genus Aneurinibacillus 1314:1380 In DNA-DNA hybridization assays between strain LL-002T and the type strains of the other species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, the level of hybridization was 6.3-30.1 %. 25813364 11 0 theme species 1344:1350 arg1 LL-002T 1302:1308 strain LL-002T 1295:1308 strain LL-002T 1295:1308 In DNA-DNA hybridization assays between strain LL-002T and the type strains of the other species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, the level of hybridization was 6.3-30.1 %. 25813364 5 1 theme genus 626:630 arg1 Aneurinibacillus 632:647 the genus Aneurinibacillus 622:647 the genus Aneurinibacillus of the family Paenibacillaceae 622:678 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that strain LL-002T belongs to the genus Aneurinibacillus of the family Paenibacillaceae. 25813364 13 2 theme NBRC 1718:1721 arg1 8536T 1738:1742  = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T 1715:1742  = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T 1715:1742 nov. is proposed; the type strain is LL-002T ( = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T). 25813364 13 2 theme NBRC 1718:1721 arg1 LL-002T 1706:1712 LL-002T 1706:1712 LL-002T ( = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T) 1706:1743 nov. is proposed; the type strain is LL-002T ( = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T). 25813364 6 3 theme Aneurinibacillus 785:800 arg1 species 764:770 species 764:770 species of the genus Aneurinibacillus 764:800 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain LL-002T and the type strains of species of the genus Aneurinibacillus were 92.8-95.7 %; the highest sequence identity was with the type strain of Aneurinibacillus migulanus. 25813364 11 4 theme Aneurinibacillus 1365:1380 arg1 species 1344:1350 the other species 1334:1350 the other species of the genus Aneurinibacillus 1334:1380 In DNA-DNA hybridization assays between strain LL-002T and the type strains of the other species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, the level of hybridization was 6.3-30.1 %. 25813364 9 5 dep iso-C15 1039:1045 arg1 0 1069:1069 0 1069:1069 0 1069:1069 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and glutamic acid, glycine and alanine in addition to muramic acid and glucosamine. 25813364 9 5 dep iso-C15 1039:1045 arg1 anteiso-C15 1055:1065 anteiso-C15 1055:1065 anteiso-C15 1055:1065 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and glutamic acid, glycine and alanine in addition to muramic acid and glucosamine. 25813364 9 5 dep iso-C15 1039:1045 arg1 0 1049:1049 0 1049:1049 0 1049:1049 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and glutamic acid, glycine and alanine in addition to muramic acid and glucosamine. 25813364 1 6 attach isolated 75:82 arg2 bacterium 65:73 a tyrosine-dissolving bacterium 43:73 a tyrosine-dissolving bacterium isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment 43:132 nov., a tyrosine-dissolving bacterium isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment. 25813364 1 6 attach isolated 75:82 arg1 sediment 125:132 organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment 89:132 organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment 89:132 nov., a tyrosine-dissolving bacterium isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment. 25813364 6 7 theme species 764:770 arg1 LL-002T 732:738 strain LL-002T 725:738 strain LL-002T 725:738 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain LL-002T and the type strains of species of the genus Aneurinibacillus were 92.8-95.7 %; the highest sequence identity was with the type strain of Aneurinibacillus migulanus. 25813364 6 7 theme species 764:770 arg1 strains 753:759 the type strains 744:759 the type strains of species of the genus Aneurinibacillus 744:800 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain LL-002T and the type strains of species of the genus Aneurinibacillus were 92.8-95.7 %; the highest sequence identity was with the type strain of Aneurinibacillus migulanus. 25813364 5 8 theme 16S 557:559 arg1 sequences 571:579 16S rRNA gene sequences 557:579 16S rRNA gene sequences 557:579 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that strain LL-002T belongs to the genus Aneurinibacillus of the family Paenibacillaceae. 25813364 8 9 theme predominant 972:982 arg1 MK-7 959:962 MK-7 959:962 MK-7 959:962 MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone. 25813364 8 9 theme predominant 972:982 arg1 menaquinone 984:994 the predominant menaquinone 968:994 the predominant menaquinone 968:994 MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone. 25813364 9 10 theme muramic 1193:1199 arg1 acid 1201:1204 muramic acid 1193:1204 muramic acid 1193:1204 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and glutamic acid, glycine and alanine in addition to muramic acid and glucosamine. 25813364 2 11 theme m 321:321 arg1 depth 308:312 a depth 306:312 a depth of 100 m 306:321 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium, designated strain LL-002T, was isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment at a depth of 100 m in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan. 25813364 4 12 theme concentration 446:458 arg1 °C 489:490 10-30 °C 483:490 10-30 °C 483:490 The temperature, pH and salt concentration ranges for growth were 10-30 °C, pH 6.0-6.5 and 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. 25813364 4 12 theme concentration 446:458 arg1 ranges 460:465 The temperature, pH and salt concentration ranges 417:465 The temperature, pH and salt concentration ranges for growth 417:476 The temperature, pH and salt concentration ranges for growth were 10-30 °C, pH 6.0-6.5 and 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. 25813364 12 13 theme strain 1524:1529 arg1 LL-002T 1531:1537 strain LL-002T 1524:1537 strain LL-002T 1524:1537 On the basis of its biological features and the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison presented here, strain LL-002T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens sp. 25813364 13 14 theme type 1691:1694 arg1 LL-002T 1706:1712 LL-002T 1706:1712 LL-002T ( = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T) 1706:1743 nov. is proposed; the type strain is LL-002T ( = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T). 25813364 13 14 theme type 1691:1694 arg1 strain 1696:1701 the type strain 1687:1701 the type strain 1687:1701 nov. is proposed; the type strain is LL-002T ( = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T). 25813364 5 15 theme family 656:661 arg1 Paenibacillaceae 663:678 the family Paenibacillaceae 652:678 the family Paenibacillaceae 652:678 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that strain LL-002T belongs to the genus Aneurinibacillus of the family Paenibacillaceae. 25813364 5 16 theme Phylogenetic 526:537 arg1 analysis 539:546 Phylogenetic analysis 526:546 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 526:579 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that strain LL-002T belongs to the genus Aneurinibacillus of the family Paenibacillaceae. 25813364 2 17 from depth 308:312 arg1 organics- 258:266 organics- 258:266 organics- 258:266 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium, designated strain LL-002T, was isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment at a depth of 100 m in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan. 25813364 2 17 from depth 308:312 arg1 sediment 294:301 methane-rich seafloor sediment 272:301 methane-rich seafloor sediment at a depth of 100 m in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan 272:356 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium, designated strain LL-002T, was isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment at a depth of 100 m in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan. 25813364 5 18 theme rRNA 561:564 arg1 sequences 571:579 16S rRNA gene sequences 557:579 16S rRNA gene sequences 557:579 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that strain LL-002T belongs to the genus Aneurinibacillus of the family Paenibacillaceae. 25813364 1 19 dep bacterium 65:73 arg1 nov. 37:40 nov. 37:40 nov. 37:40 nov., a tyrosine-dissolving bacterium isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment. 25813364 9 20 theme cellular 1013:1020 arg1 acids 1028:1032 The predominant cellular fatty acids 997:1032 The predominant cellular fatty acids 997:1032 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and glutamic acid, glycine and alanine in addition to muramic acid and glucosamine. 25813364 9 20 theme cellular 1013:1020 arg1 iso-C15 1039:1045 iso-C15 1039:1045 iso-C15 1039:1045 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and glutamic acid, glycine and alanine in addition to muramic acid and glucosamine. 25813364 3 21 from colour 409:414 arg1 lustreless 373:382 lustreless 373:382 lustreless 373:382 Colonies were lustreless and translucent white in colour. 25813364 2 22 theme methane-rich 272:283 arg1 sediment 294:301 methane-rich seafloor sediment 272:301 methane-rich seafloor sediment at a depth of 100 m in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan 272:356 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium, designated strain LL-002T, was isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment at a depth of 100 m in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan. 25813364 7 23 theme mol 953:955 arg1 content 918:924 The DNA G+C content 906:924 The DNA G+C content of strain LL-002T 906:942 The DNA G+C content of strain LL-002T was 46.2 mol%. 25813364 7 23 theme mol 953:955 arg1 % 956:956 46.2 mol% 948:956 46.2 mol% 948:956 The DNA G+C content of strain LL-002T was 46.2 mol%. 25813364 12 24 theme name 1627:1630 arg1 sp 1665:1666 the name Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens sp 1623:1666 the name Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens sp 1623:1666 On the basis of its biological features and the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison presented here, strain LL-002T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens sp. 25813364 10 25 theme peptidoglycan 1227:1239 arg1 A1γ 1250:1252 A1γ 1250:1252 A1γ 1250:1252 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ. 25813364 10 25 theme peptidoglycan 1227:1239 arg1 type 1241:1244 The peptidoglycan type 1223:1244 The peptidoglycan type 1223:1244 The peptidoglycan type was A1γ. 25813364 5 26 theme gene 566:569 arg1 sequences 571:579 16S rRNA gene sequences 557:579 16S rRNA gene sequences 557:579 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that strain LL-002T belongs to the genus Aneurinibacillus of the family Paenibacillaceae. 25813364 12 27 theme 16S 1474:1476 arg1 rRNA 1478:1481 16S rRNA 1474:1481 the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 1470:1506 On the basis of its biological features and the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison presented here, strain LL-002T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens sp. 25813364 12 28 dep features 1457:1464 arg1 the 1429:1431 the 1429:1431 the 1429:1431 On the basis of its biological features and the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison presented here, strain LL-002T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens sp. 25813364 12 28 dep features 1457:1464 arg1 basis 1433:1437 basis 1433:1437 basis 1433:1437 On the basis of its biological features and the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison presented here, strain LL-002T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens sp. 25813364 7 29 theme strain 929:934 arg1 LL-002T 936:942 strain LL-002T 929:942 strain LL-002T 929:942 The DNA G+C content of strain LL-002T was 46.2 mol%. 25813364 12 30 theme gene 1483:1486 arg1 comparison 1497:1506 the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 1470:1506 the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 1470:1506 On the basis of its biological features and the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison presented here, strain LL-002T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens sp. 25813364 6 31 theme gene 690:693 arg1 similarities 704:715 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 681:715 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain LL-002T and the type strains of species of the genus Aneurinibacillus 681:800 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain LL-002T and the type strains of species of the genus Aneurinibacillus were 92.8-95.7 %; the highest sequence identity was with the type strain of Aneurinibacillus migulanus. 25813364 1 32 theme organics- 89:97 arg1 sediment 125:132 organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment 89:132 organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment 89:132 nov., a tyrosine-dissolving bacterium isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment. 25813364 13 33 theme 110097T 1723:1729 arg1 8536T 1738:1742  = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T 1715:1742  = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T 1715:1742 nov. is proposed; the type strain is LL-002T ( = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T). 25813364 13 33 theme 110097T 1723:1729 arg1 LL-002T 1706:1712 LL-002T 1706:1712 LL-002T ( = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T) 1706:1743 nov. is proposed; the type strain is LL-002T ( = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T). 25813364 11 34 theme DNA-DNA 1258:1264 arg1 assays 1280:1285 DNA-DNA hybridization assays 1258:1285 DNA-DNA hybridization assays between strain LL-002T and the type strains of the other species of the genus Aneurinibacillus 1258:1380 In DNA-DNA hybridization assays between strain LL-002T and the type strains of the other species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, the level of hybridization was 6.3-30.1 %. 25813364 6 35 theme 16S 681:683 arg1 similarities 704:715 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 681:715 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain LL-002T and the type strains of species of the genus Aneurinibacillus 681:800 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain LL-002T and the type strains of species of the genus Aneurinibacillus were 92.8-95.7 %; the highest sequence identity was with the type strain of Aneurinibacillus migulanus. 25813364 0 36 theme Aneurinibacillus 0:15 arg1 tyrosinisolvens 17:31 Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens 0:31 Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens 0:31 Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens sp. 25813364 9 37 contain contained 1104:1112 arg1 peptidoglycan 1090:1102 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1076:1102 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1076:1102 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and glutamic acid, glycine and alanine in addition to muramic acid and glucosamine. 25813364 9 37 contain contained 1104:1112 arg2 acid 1152:1155 glutamic acid 1143:1155 glutamic acid 1143:1155 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and glutamic acid, glycine and alanine in addition to muramic acid and glucosamine. 25813364 9 37 contain contained 1104:1112 arg2 acid 1134:1137 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1114:1137 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1114:1137 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and glutamic acid, glycine and alanine in addition to muramic acid and glucosamine. 25813364 9 37 contain contained 1104:1112 arg2 alanine 1170:1176 alanine 1170:1176 alanine 1170:1176 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and glutamic acid, glycine and alanine in addition to muramic acid and glucosamine. 25813364 9 37 contain contained 1104:1112 arg2 glycine 1158:1164 glycine 1158:1164 glycine 1158:1164 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and glutamic acid, glycine and alanine in addition to muramic acid and glucosamine. 25813364 7 38 theme DNA 910:912 arg1 content 918:924 The DNA G+C content 906:924 The DNA G+C content of strain LL-002T 906:942 The DNA G+C content of strain LL-002T was 46.2 mol%. 25813364 7 38 theme DNA 910:912 arg1 % 956:956 46.2 mol% 948:956 46.2 mol% 948:956 The DNA G+C content of strain LL-002T was 46.2 mol%. 25813364 1 39 theme methane-rich 103:114 arg1 sediment 125:132 organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment 89:132 organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment 89:132 nov., a tyrosine-dissolving bacterium isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment. 25813364 12 40 theme genus 1589:1593 arg1 Aneurinibacillus 1595:1610 the genus Aneurinibacillus 1585:1610 the genus Aneurinibacillus 1585:1610 On the basis of its biological features and the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison presented here, strain LL-002T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens sp. 25813364 11 41 from % 1423:1423 arg1 assays 1280:1285 DNA-DNA hybridization assays 1258:1285 DNA-DNA hybridization assays between strain LL-002T and the type strains of the other species of the genus Aneurinibacillus 1258:1380 In DNA-DNA hybridization assays between strain LL-002T and the type strains of the other species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, the level of hybridization was 6.3-30.1 %. 25813364 13 42 theme = 1731:1731 arg1 8536T 1738:1742  = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T 1715:1742  = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T 1715:1742 nov. is proposed; the type strain is LL-002T ( = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T). 25813364 13 42 theme = 1731:1731 arg1 LL-002T 1706:1712 LL-002T 1706:1712 LL-002T ( = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T) 1706:1743 nov. is proposed; the type strain is LL-002T ( = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T). 25813364 4 43 theme % 512:512 arg1 NaCl 520:523 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl 508:523 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl 508:523 The temperature, pH and salt concentration ranges for growth were 10-30 °C, pH 6.0-6.5 and 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. 25813364 2 44 theme heterotrophic 188:200 arg1 bacterium 202:210 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium 135:210 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium 135:210 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium, designated strain LL-002T, was isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment at a depth of 100 m in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan. 25813364 9 45 theme cell-wall 1080:1088 arg1 peptidoglycan 1090:1102 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1076:1102 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1076:1102 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and glutamic acid, glycine and alanine in addition to muramic acid and glucosamine. 25813364 6 46 theme highest 824:830 arg1 identity 841:848 the highest sequence identity 820:848 the highest sequence identity 820:848 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain LL-002T and the type strains of species of the genus Aneurinibacillus were 92.8-95.7 %; the highest sequence identity was with the type strain of Aneurinibacillus migulanus. 25813364 0 47 dep sp 33:34 arg1 tyrosinisolvens 17:31 Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens 0:31 Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens 0:31 Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens sp. 25813364 13 48 theme CECT 1733:1736 arg1 8536T 1738:1742  = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T 1715:1742  = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T 1715:1742 nov. is proposed; the type strain is LL-002T ( = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T). 25813364 13 48 theme CECT 1733:1736 arg1 LL-002T 1706:1712 LL-002T 1706:1712 LL-002T ( = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T) 1706:1743 nov. is proposed; the type strain is LL-002T ( = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T). 25813364 2 49 theme strain 224:229 arg1 LL-002T 231:237 strain LL-002T 224:237 strain LL-002T 224:237 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium, designated strain LL-002T, was isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment at a depth of 100 m in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan. 25813364 6 50 theme strain 725:730 arg1 LL-002T 732:738 strain LL-002T 725:738 strain LL-002T 725:738 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain LL-002T and the type strains of species of the genus Aneurinibacillus were 92.8-95.7 %; the highest sequence identity was with the type strain of Aneurinibacillus migulanus. 25813364 1 51 theme tyrosine-dissolving 45:63 arg1 bacterium 65:73 a tyrosine-dissolving bacterium 43:73 a tyrosine-dissolving bacterium isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment 43:132 nov., a tyrosine-dissolving bacterium isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment. 25813364 11 52 theme other 1338:1342 arg1 species 1344:1350 the other species 1334:1350 the other species of the genus Aneurinibacillus 1334:1380 In DNA-DNA hybridization assays between strain LL-002T and the type strains of the other species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, the level of hybridization was 6.3-30.1 %. 25813364 2 53 theme novel 137:141 arg1 bacterium 202:210 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium 135:210 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium 135:210 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium, designated strain LL-002T, was isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment at a depth of 100 m in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan. 25813364 9 54 theme glutamic 1143:1150 arg1 acid 1152:1155 glutamic acid 1143:1155 glutamic acid 1143:1155 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and glutamic acid, glycine and alanine in addition to muramic acid and glucosamine. 25813364 6 55 theme migulanus 895:903 arg1 strain 868:873 the type strain 859:873 the type strain of Aneurinibacillus migulanus 859:903 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain LL-002T and the type strains of species of the genus Aneurinibacillus were 92.8-95.7 %; the highest sequence identity was with the type strain of Aneurinibacillus migulanus. 25813364 13 56 theme  = 1715:1716 arg1 8536T 1738:1742  = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T 1715:1742  = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T 1715:1742 nov. is proposed; the type strain is LL-002T ( = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T). 25813364 13 56 theme  = 1715:1716 arg1 LL-002T 1706:1712 LL-002T 1706:1712 LL-002T ( = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T) 1706:1743 nov. is proposed; the type strain is LL-002T ( = NBRC 110097T = CECT 8536T). 25813364 12 57 dep Aneurinibacillus 1632:1647 arg1 tyrosinisolvens 1649:1663 tyrosinisolvens 1649:1663 tyrosinisolvens 1649:1663 On the basis of its biological features and the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison presented here, strain LL-002T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens sp. 25813364 6 58 theme type 748:751 arg1 strains 753:759 the type strains 744:759 the type strains of species of the genus Aneurinibacillus 744:800 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain LL-002T and the type strains of species of the genus Aneurinibacillus were 92.8-95.7 %; the highest sequence identity was with the type strain of Aneurinibacillus migulanus. 25813364 4 59 theme temperature 421:431 arg1 °C 489:490 10-30 °C 483:490 10-30 °C 483:490 The temperature, pH and salt concentration ranges for growth were 10-30 °C, pH 6.0-6.5 and 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. 25813364 4 59 theme temperature 421:431 arg1 ranges 460:465 The temperature, pH and salt concentration ranges 417:465 The temperature, pH and salt concentration ranges for growth 417:476 The temperature, pH and salt concentration ranges for growth were 10-30 °C, pH 6.0-6.5 and 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. 25813364 11 60 theme genus 1359:1363 arg1 Aneurinibacillus 1365:1380 the genus Aneurinibacillus 1355:1380 the genus Aneurinibacillus 1355:1380 In DNA-DNA hybridization assays between strain LL-002T and the type strains of the other species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, the level of hybridization was 6.3-30.1 %. 25813364 5 61 theme strain 596:601 arg1 LL-002T 603:609 strain LL-002T 596:609 strain LL-002T 596:609 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that strain LL-002T belongs to the genus Aneurinibacillus of the family Paenibacillaceae. 25813364 6 62 theme genus 779:783 arg1 Aneurinibacillus 785:800 the genus Aneurinibacillus 775:800 the genus Aneurinibacillus 775:800 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain LL-002T and the type strains of species of the genus Aneurinibacillus were 92.8-95.7 %; the highest sequence identity was with the type strain of Aneurinibacillus migulanus. 25813364 6 63 theme type 863:866 arg1 strain 868:873 the type strain 859:873 the type strain of Aneurinibacillus migulanus 859:903 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain LL-002T and the type strains of species of the genus Aneurinibacillus were 92.8-95.7 %; the highest sequence identity was with the type strain of Aneurinibacillus migulanus. 25813364 11 64 theme strain 1295:1300 arg1 LL-002T 1302:1308 strain LL-002T 1295:1308 strain LL-002T 1295:1308 In DNA-DNA hybridization assays between strain LL-002T and the type strains of the other species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, the level of hybridization was 6.3-30.1 %. 25813364 12 65 theme novel 1568:1572 arg1 species 1574:1580 a novel species 1566:1580 a novel species 1566:1580 On the basis of its biological features and the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison presented here, strain LL-002T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens sp. 25813364 11 66 theme type 1318:1321 arg1 strains 1323:1329 the type strains 1314:1329 the type strains of the other species of the genus Aneurinibacillus 1314:1380 In DNA-DNA hybridization assays between strain LL-002T and the type strains of the other species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, the level of hybridization was 6.3-30.1 %. 25813364 3 67 from lustreless 373:382 arg1 colour 409:414 colour 409:414 colour 409:414 Colonies were lustreless and translucent white in colour. 25813364 4 68 theme pH 434:435 arg1 °C 489:490 10-30 °C 483:490 10-30 °C 483:490 The temperature, pH and salt concentration ranges for growth were 10-30 °C, pH 6.0-6.5 and 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. 25813364 4 68 theme pH 434:435 arg1 ranges 460:465 The temperature, pH and salt concentration ranges 417:465 The temperature, pH and salt concentration ranges for growth 417:476 The temperature, pH and salt concentration ranges for growth were 10-30 °C, pH 6.0-6.5 and 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. 25813364 5 69 theme Paenibacillaceae 663:678 arg1 Aneurinibacillus 632:647 the genus Aneurinibacillus 622:647 the genus Aneurinibacillus of the family Paenibacillaceae 622:678 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that strain LL-002T belongs to the genus Aneurinibacillus of the family Paenibacillaceae. 25813364 4 70 theme salt 441:444 arg1 concentration 446:458 salt concentration 441:458 salt concentration 441:458 The temperature, pH and salt concentration ranges for growth were 10-30 °C, pH 6.0-6.5 and 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. 25813364 9 71 theme predominant 1001:1011 arg1 acids 1028:1032 The predominant cellular fatty acids 997:1032 The predominant cellular fatty acids 997:1032 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and glutamic acid, glycine and alanine in addition to muramic acid and glucosamine. 25813364 9 71 theme predominant 1001:1011 arg1 iso-C15 1039:1045 iso-C15 1039:1045 iso-C15 1039:1045 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and glutamic acid, glycine and alanine in addition to muramic acid and glucosamine. 25813364 2 72 theme seafloor 285:292 arg1 sediment 294:301 methane-rich seafloor sediment 272:301 methane-rich seafloor sediment at a depth of 100 m in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan 272:356 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium, designated strain LL-002T, was isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment at a depth of 100 m in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan. 25813364 12 73 theme sequence 1488:1495 arg1 comparison 1497:1506 the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 1470:1506 the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 1470:1506 On the basis of its biological features and the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison presented here, strain LL-002T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens sp. 25813364 9 74 theme fatty 1022:1026 arg1 acids 1028:1032 The predominant cellular fatty acids 997:1032 The predominant cellular fatty acids 997:1032 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and glutamic acid, glycine and alanine in addition to muramic acid and glucosamine. 25813364 9 74 theme fatty 1022:1026 arg1 iso-C15 1039:1045 iso-C15 1039:1045 iso-C15 1039:1045 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and glutamic acid, glycine and alanine in addition to muramic acid and glucosamine. 25813364 12 75 theme rRNA 1478:1481 arg1 comparison 1497:1506 the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 1470:1506 the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 1470:1506 On the basis of its biological features and the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison presented here, strain LL-002T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens sp. 25813364 4 76 theme 0-1 508:510 arg1 % 512:512 % 512:512 % 512:512 The temperature, pH and salt concentration ranges for growth were 10-30 °C, pH 6.0-6.5 and 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. 25813364 4 77 dep % 512:512 arg1 w/v 515:517 w/v 515:517 w/v 515:517 The temperature, pH and salt concentration ranges for growth were 10-30 °C, pH 6.0-6.5 and 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. 25813364 12 78 theme Aneurinibacillus 1632:1647 arg1 sp 1665:1666 the name Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens sp 1623:1666 the name Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens sp 1623:1666 On the basis of its biological features and the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison presented here, strain LL-002T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens sp. 25813364 2 79 attach isolated 244:251 arg1 organics- 258:266 organics- 258:266 organics- 258:266 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium, designated strain LL-002T, was isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment at a depth of 100 m in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan. 25813364 2 79 attach isolated 244:251 arg1 sediment 294:301 methane-rich seafloor sediment 272:301 methane-rich seafloor sediment at a depth of 100 m in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan 272:356 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium, designated strain LL-002T, was isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment at a depth of 100 m in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan. 25813364 2 79 attach isolated 244:251 arg2 bacterium 202:210 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium 135:210 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium 135:210 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium, designated strain LL-002T, was isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment at a depth of 100 m in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan. 25813364 6 80 theme sequence 695:702 arg1 similarities 704:715 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 681:715 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain LL-002T and the type strains of species of the genus Aneurinibacillus 681:800 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain LL-002T and the type strains of species of the genus Aneurinibacillus were 92.8-95.7 %; the highest sequence identity was with the type strain of Aneurinibacillus migulanus. 25813364 11 81 theme hybridization 1396:1408 arg1 % 1423:1423 6.3-30.1 % 1414:1423 6.3-30.1 % 1414:1423 In DNA-DNA hybridization assays between strain LL-002T and the type strains of the other species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, the level of hybridization was 6.3-30.1 %. 25813364 11 81 theme hybridization 1396:1408 arg1 level 1387:1391 the level 1383:1391 the level of hybridization 1383:1408 In DNA-DNA hybridization assays between strain LL-002T and the type strains of the other species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, the level of hybridization was 6.3-30.1 %. 25813364 7 82 theme LL-002T 936:942 arg1 content 918:924 The DNA G+C content 906:924 The DNA G+C content of strain LL-002T 906:942 The DNA G+C content of strain LL-002T was 46.2 mol%. 25813364 7 82 theme LL-002T 936:942 arg1 % 956:956 46.2 mol% 948:956 46.2 mol% 948:956 The DNA G+C content of strain LL-002T was 46.2 mol%. 25813364 12 83 theme Aneurinibacillus 1595:1610 arg1 species 1574:1580 a novel species 1566:1580 a novel species 1566:1580 On the basis of its biological features and the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison presented here, strain LL-002T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens sp. 25813364 6 84 theme rRNA 685:688 arg1 similarities 704:715 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 681:715 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain LL-002T and the type strains of species of the genus Aneurinibacillus 681:800 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain LL-002T and the type strains of species of the genus Aneurinibacillus were 92.8-95.7 %; the highest sequence identity was with the type strain of Aneurinibacillus migulanus. 25813364 2 85 from organics- 258:266 arg1 Japan 352:356 Japan 352:356 Japan 352:356 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium, designated strain LL-002T, was isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment at a depth of 100 m in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan. 25813364 2 85 from organics- 258:266 arg1 Kagoshima 341:349 Kagoshima 341:349 Kagoshima 341:349 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium, designated strain LL-002T, was isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment at a depth of 100 m in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan. 25813364 11 86 theme hybridization 1266:1278 arg1 assays 1280:1285 DNA-DNA hybridization assays 1258:1285 DNA-DNA hybridization assays between strain LL-002T and the type strains of the other species of the genus Aneurinibacillus 1258:1380 In DNA-DNA hybridization assays between strain LL-002T and the type strains of the other species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, the level of hybridization was 6.3-30.1 %. 25813364 7 87 theme G+C 914:916 arg1 content 918:924 The DNA G+C content 906:924 The DNA G+C content of strain LL-002T 906:942 The DNA G+C content of strain LL-002T was 46.2 mol%. 25813364 7 87 theme G+C 914:916 arg1 % 956:956 46.2 mol% 948:956 46.2 mol% 948:956 The DNA G+C content of strain LL-002T was 46.2 mol%. 25813364 1 88 theme seafloor 116:123 arg1 sediment 125:132 organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment 89:132 organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment 89:132 nov., a tyrosine-dissolving bacterium isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment. 25813364 12 89 theme biological 1446:1455 arg1 features 1457:1464 its biological features 1442:1464 its biological features 1442:1464 On the basis of its biological features and the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison presented here, strain LL-002T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus, for which the name Aneurinibacillus tyrosinisolvens sp. 25813364 2 90 from sediment 294:301 arg1 Japan 352:356 Japan 352:356 Japan 352:356 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium, designated strain LL-002T, was isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment at a depth of 100 m in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan. 25813364 2 90 from sediment 294:301 arg1 Kagoshima 341:349 Kagoshima 341:349 Kagoshima 341:349 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium, designated strain LL-002T, was isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment at a depth of 100 m in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan. 25813364 6 91 theme sequence 832:839 arg1 identity 841:848 the highest sequence identity 820:848 the highest sequence identity 820:848 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain LL-002T and the type strains of species of the genus Aneurinibacillus were 92.8-95.7 %; the highest sequence identity was with the type strain of Aneurinibacillus migulanus. 25813364 2 92 dep Gram-positive-staining 143:164 arg1 aerobic 176:182 aerobic 176:182 aerobic 176:182 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium, designated strain LL-002T, was isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment at a depth of 100 m in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan. 25813364 3 93 dep lustreless 373:382 arg1 white 400:404 white 400:404 white 400:404 Colonies were lustreless and translucent white in colour. 25813364 9 94 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1114:1132 arg1 acid 1134:1137 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1114:1137 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1114:1137 The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and glutamic acid, glycine and alanine in addition to muramic acid and glucosamine. 25813364 2 95 theme Gram-positive-staining 143:164 arg1 bacterium 202:210 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium 135:210 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium 135:210 A novel Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium, designated strain LL-002T, was isolated from organics- and methane-rich seafloor sediment at a depth of 100 m in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan. 25418803 4 0 theme PF 741:742 arg1 concentrations 723:736 graded concentrations 716:736 graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) 716:789 Fresh faecal samples were collected from ten female dogs with hound bloodlines (6·13 (SEM 0·17) years; 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg) fed five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. 25418803 2 1 contain has 299:301 arg1 Potato 239:244 Potato fibre 239:250 Potato fibre (PF) 239:255 Potato fibre (PF), a co-product of potato starch isolation, has a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. 25418803 2 1 contain has 299:301 arg1 PF 253:254 PF 253:254 PF 253:254 Potato fibre (PF), a co-product of potato starch isolation, has a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. 25418803 2 1 contain has 299:301 arg2 composition 325:335 a favourable chemical composition 303:335 a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses 303:410 Potato fibre (PF), a co-product of potato starch isolation, has a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. 25418803 2 1 contain has 299:301 arg1 co-product 260:269 a co-product 258:269 a co-product of potato starch isolation 258:296 Potato fibre (PF), a co-product of potato starch isolation, has a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. 25418803 6 2 theme curated 1063:1069 arg1 database 1082:1089 a curated GreenGenes database 1061:1089 a curated GreenGenes database 1061:1089 Sequences were classified into taxonomic levels using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) against a curated GreenGenes database. 25418803 13 3 theme concentrations 1725:1738 arg1 proportion 1611:1620 the proportion 1607:1620 the proportion of Faecalibacterium (not Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium, as confirmed by qPCR analysis) and faecal SCFA concentrations with increasing dietary PF concentrations 1607:1780 Overall, increases in the proportion of Faecalibacterium (not Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium, as confirmed by qPCR analysis) and faecal SCFA concentrations with increasing dietary PF concentrations suggest that PF is a possible prebiotic fibre. 25418803 2 4 theme starch 281:286 arg1 isolation 288:296 potato starch isolation 274:296 potato starch isolation 274:296 Potato fibre (PF), a co-product of potato starch isolation, has a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. 25418803 2 5 theme starch 374:379 arg1 composition 325:335 a favourable chemical composition 303:335 a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses 303:410 Potato fibre (PF), a co-product of potato starch isolation, has a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. 25418803 13 6 theme faecal 1713:1718 arg1 concentrations 1725:1738 faecal SCFA concentrations 1713:1738 faecal SCFA concentrations 1713:1738 Overall, increases in the proportion of Faecalibacterium (not Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium, as confirmed by qPCR analysis) and faecal SCFA concentrations with increasing dietary PF concentrations suggest that PF is a possible prebiotic fibre. 25418803 3 7 theme PF 497:498 arg1 concentrations 500:513 increasing dietary PF concentrations 478:513 increasing dietary PF concentrations 478:513 The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary PF concentrations on the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs. 25418803 3 8 theme increasing 478:487 arg1 concentrations 500:513 increasing dietary PF concentrations 478:513 increasing dietary PF concentrations 478:513 The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary PF concentrations on the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs. 25418803 0 9 from inclusion 61:69 arg1 diet 94:97 the diet 90:97 the diet 90:97 Modulation of the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs by inclusion of potato fibre in the diet. 25418803 7 10 theme Firmicutes 1154:1163 arg1 proportions 1139:1149 the faecal proportions 1128:1149 (P< 0·05) the faecal proportions of Firmicutes 1118:1163 Inclusion of PF increased (P< 0·05) the faecal proportions of Firmicutes, while those of Fusobacteria decreased (P< 0·05). 25418803 7 10 theme Firmicutes 1154:1163 arg1 P< 1119:1120 P< 1119:1120 P< 1119:1120 Inclusion of PF increased (P< 0·05) the faecal proportions of Firmicutes, while those of Fusobacteria decreased (P< 0·05). 25418803 4 11 theme faecal 569:574 arg1 samples 576:582 Fresh faecal samples 563:582 Fresh faecal samples 563:582 Fresh faecal samples were collected from ten female dogs with hound bloodlines (6·13 (SEM 0·17) years; 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg) fed five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. 25418803 13 12 from increases 1594:1602 arg1 proportion 1611:1620 the proportion 1607:1620 the proportion of Faecalibacterium (not Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium, as confirmed by qPCR analysis) and faecal SCFA concentrations with increasing dietary PF concentrations 1607:1780 Overall, increases in the proportion of Faecalibacterium (not Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium, as confirmed by qPCR analysis) and faecal SCFA concentrations with increasing dietary PF concentrations suggest that PF is a possible prebiotic fibre. 25418803 4 13 dep % 764:764 arg1 Frères 783:788 Frères 783:788 Frères 783:788 Fresh faecal samples were collected from ten female dogs with hound bloodlines (6·13 (SEM 0·17) years; 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg) fed five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. 25418803 3 14 theme faecal 522:527 arg1 microbiome 529:538 the faecal microbiome 518:538 the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs 518:560 The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary PF concentrations on the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs. 25418803 1 15 theme hindgut 170:176 arg1 microbiome 178:187 the hindgut microbiome 166:187 the hindgut microbiome 166:187 Inclusion of fermentable fibres in the diet can have an impact on the hindgut microbiome and provide numerous health benefits to the host. 25418803 8 16 theme Similar 1215:1221 arg1 shifts 1223:1228 Similar shifts 1215:1228 Similar shifts 1215:1228 Similar shifts were observed at the genus level and were confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. 25418803 6 17 theme Local 1016:1020 arg1 BLASTn 1045:1050 BLASTn 1045:1050 BLASTn 1045:1050 Sequences were classified into taxonomic levels using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) against a curated GreenGenes database. 25418803 6 17 theme Local 1016:1020 arg1 Tool 1039:1042 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool 1010:1042 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) against a curated GreenGenes database 1010:1089 Sequences were classified into taxonomic levels using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) against a curated GreenGenes database. 25418803 1 18 from impact 156:161 arg1 microbiome 178:187 the hindgut microbiome 166:187 the hindgut microbiome 166:187 Inclusion of fermentable fibres in the diet can have an impact on the hindgut microbiome and provide numerous health benefits to the host. 25418803 5 19 theme DNA 848:850 arg1 Extraction 834:843 Extraction 834:843 Extraction of DNA 834:850 Extraction of DNA was followed by amplification of the V4-V6 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene using barcoded primers. 25418803 3 20 theme adult 551:555 arg1 dogs 557:560 healthy adult dogs 543:560 healthy adult dogs 543:560 The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary PF concentrations on the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs. 25418803 6 21 theme taxonomic 987:995 arg1 levels 997:1002 taxonomic levels 987:1002 taxonomic levels using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) against a curated GreenGenes database 987:1089 Sequences were classified into taxonomic levels using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) against a curated GreenGenes database. 25418803 4 22 theme female 608:613 arg1 dogs 615:618 ten female dogs 604:618 ten female dogs with hound bloodlines (6·13 (SEM 0·17) years; 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg) fed five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design 604:831 Fresh faecal samples were collected from ten female dogs with hound bloodlines (6·13 (SEM 0·17) years; 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg) fed five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. 25418803 4 22 theme female 608:613 arg1 years 659:663 6·13 (SEM 0·17) years 643:663 6·13 (SEM 0·17) years 643:663 Fresh faecal samples were collected from ten female dogs with hound bloodlines (6·13 (SEM 0·17) years; 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg) fed five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. 25418803 0 23 theme dogs 53:56 arg1 microbiome 25:34 the faecal microbiome 14:34 the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs 14:56 Modulation of the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs by inclusion of potato fibre in the diet. 25418803 1 24 theme fibres 125:130 arg1 Inclusion 100:108 Inclusion 100:108 Inclusion of fermentable fibres in the diet 100:142 Inclusion of fermentable fibres in the diet can have an impact on the hindgut microbiome and provide numerous health benefits to the host. 25418803 8 25 theme genus 1251:1255 arg1 level 1257:1261 the genus level 1247:1261 the genus level 1247:1261 Similar shifts were observed at the genus level and were confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. 25418803 5 26 theme 16S 918:920 arg1 rRNA 922:925 16S rRNA 918:925 the 16S rRNA gene using barcoded primers 914:953 Extraction of DNA was followed by amplification of the V4-V6 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene using barcoded primers. 25418803 4 27 dep years 659:663 arg1 SEM 672:674 SEM 2·1 672:678 SEM 2·1 672:678 Fresh faecal samples were collected from ten female dogs with hound bloodlines (6·13 (SEM 0·17) years; 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg) fed five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. 25418803 4 27 dep years 659:663 arg1 kg 681:682 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg 666:682 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg 666:682 Fresh faecal samples were collected from ten female dogs with hound bloodlines (6·13 (SEM 0·17) years; 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg) fed five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. 25418803 4 28 theme as-fed 766:771 arg1 % 764:764 0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed 745:771 0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères 745:788 Fresh faecal samples were collected from ten female dogs with hound bloodlines (6·13 (SEM 0·17) years; 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg) fed five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. 25418803 10 29 theme positive 1464:1471 arg1 P< 1474:1475 P< 1474:1475 P< 1474:1475 Post hoc Pearson's correlation analysis showed positive (P< 0·05) correlations with Bifidobacterium spp. 25418803 10 29 theme positive 1464:1471 arg1 correlations 1483:1494 positive (P< 0·05) correlations 1464:1494 positive (P< 0·05) correlations 1464:1494 Post hoc Pearson's correlation analysis showed positive (P< 0·05) correlations with Bifidobacterium spp. 25418803 3 30 from effect 468:473 arg1 microbiome 529:538 the faecal microbiome 518:538 the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs 518:560 The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary PF concentrations on the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs. 25418803 5 31 theme variable 895:902 arg1 region 904:909 the V4-V6 variable region 885:909 the V4-V6 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene using barcoded primers 885:953 Extraction of DNA was followed by amplification of the V4-V6 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene using barcoded primers. 25418803 1 32 from Inclusion 100:108 arg1 diet 139:142 the diet 135:142 the diet 135:142 Inclusion of fermentable fibres in the diet can have an impact on the hindgut microbiome and provide numerous health benefits to the host. 25418803 4 33 theme square 819:824 arg1 design 826:831 a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design 794:831 a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design 794:831 Fresh faecal samples were collected from ten female dogs with hound bloodlines (6·13 (SEM 0·17) years; 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg) fed five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. 25418803 8 34 theme quantitative 1285:1296 arg1 analysis 1309:1316 quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis 1285:1316 quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis 1285:1316 Similar shifts were observed at the genus level and were confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. 25418803 2 35 theme favourable 305:314 arg1 composition 325:335 a favourable chemical composition 303:335 a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses 303:410 Potato fibre (PF), a co-product of potato starch isolation, has a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. 25418803 2 36 theme digestible 363:372 arg1 starch 374:379 resistant and digestible starch 349:379 starch 374:379 Potato fibre (PF), a co-product of potato starch isolation, has a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. 25418803 2 37 theme resistant 349:357 arg1 starch 374:379 resistant and digestible starch 349:379 starch 374:379 Potato fibre (PF), a co-product of potato starch isolation, has a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. 25418803 2 38 theme hemicelluloses 397:410 arg1 composition 325:335 a favourable chemical composition 303:335 a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses 303:410 Potato fibre (PF), a co-product of potato starch isolation, has a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. 25418803 1 39 contain have 148:151 arg1 Inclusion 100:108 Inclusion 100:108 Inclusion of fermentable fibres in the diet 100:142 Inclusion of fermentable fibres in the diet can have an impact on the hindgut microbiome and provide numerous health benefits to the host. 25418803 1 39 contain have 148:151 arg2 impact 156:161 an impact 153:161 an impact on the hindgut microbiome 153:187 Inclusion of fermentable fibres in the diet can have an impact on the hindgut microbiome and provide numerous health benefits to the host. 25418803 2 40 theme pectins 340:346 arg1 composition 325:335 a favourable chemical composition 303:335 a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses 303:410 Potato fibre (PF), a co-product of potato starch isolation, has a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. 25418803 0 41 theme microbiome 25:34 arg1 Modulation 0:9 Modulation 0:9 Modulation of the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs by inclusion of potato fibre in the diet. 0:98 Modulation of the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs by inclusion of potato fibre in the diet. 25418803 5 42 theme gene 927:930 arg1 region 904:909 the V4-V6 variable region 885:909 the V4-V6 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene using barcoded primers 885:953 Extraction of DNA was followed by amplification of the V4-V6 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene using barcoded primers. 25418803 9 43 theme PF 1353:1354 arg1 concentrations 1335:1348 increasing concentrations 1324:1348 increasing concentrations of PF 1324:1354 With increasing concentrations of PF, faecal proportions of Faecalibacterium increased (P< 0·05). 25418803 13 44 dep Faecalibacterium 1625:1640 arg1 confirmed 1681:1689 confirmed 1681:1689 confirmed by qPCR analysis 1681:1706 Overall, increases in the proportion of Faecalibacterium (not Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium, as confirmed by qPCR analysis) and faecal SCFA concentrations with increasing dietary PF concentrations suggest that PF is a possible prebiotic fibre. 25418803 4 45 theme test 694:697 arg1 diets 699:703 five test diets 689:703 five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design 689:831 Fresh faecal samples were collected from ten female dogs with hound bloodlines (6·13 (SEM 0·17) years; 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg) fed five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. 25418803 2 46 theme potato 274:279 arg1 isolation 288:296 potato starch isolation 274:296 potato starch isolation 274:296 Potato fibre (PF), a co-product of potato starch isolation, has a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. 25418803 0 47 theme healthy 39:45 arg1 dogs 53:56 healthy adult dogs 39:56 healthy adult dogs 39:56 Modulation of the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs by inclusion of potato fibre in the diet. 25418803 5 48 theme barcoded 938:945 arg1 primers 947:953 barcoded primers 938:953 barcoded primers 938:953 Extraction of DNA was followed by amplification of the V4-V6 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene using barcoded primers. 25418803 9 49 theme faecal 1357:1362 arg1 proportions 1364:1374 faecal proportions 1357:1374 faecal proportions of Faecalibacterium 1357:1394 With increasing concentrations of PF, faecal proportions of Faecalibacterium increased (P< 0·05). 25418803 13 50 theme possible 1803:1810 arg1 prebiotic 1812:1820 a possible prebiotic 1801:1820 a possible prebiotic fibre 1801:1826 Overall, increases in the proportion of Faecalibacterium (not Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium, as confirmed by qPCR analysis) and faecal SCFA concentrations with increasing dietary PF concentrations suggest that PF is a possible prebiotic fibre. 25418803 13 50 theme possible 1803:1810 arg1 PF 1795:1796 PF 1795:1796 PF 1795:1796 Overall, increases in the proportion of Faecalibacterium (not Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium, as confirmed by qPCR analysis) and faecal SCFA concentrations with increasing dietary PF concentrations suggest that PF is a possible prebiotic fibre. 25418803 10 51 theme correlation 1436:1446 arg1 analysis 1448:1455 Post hoc Pearson's correlation analysis 1417:1455 Post hoc Pearson's correlation analysis 1417:1455 Post hoc Pearson's correlation analysis showed positive (P< 0·05) correlations with Bifidobacterium spp. 25418803 3 52 theme study 442:446 arg1 objective 417:425 The objective 413:425 The objective of the present study 413:446 The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary PF concentrations on the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs. 25418803 4 53 dep PF 741:742 arg1 % 764:764 0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed 745:771 0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères 745:788 Fresh faecal samples were collected from ten female dogs with hound bloodlines (6·13 (SEM 0·17) years; 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg) fed five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. 25418803 6 54 theme GreenGenes 1071:1080 arg1 database 1082:1089 a curated GreenGenes database 1061:1089 a curated GreenGenes database 1061:1089 Sequences were classified into taxonomic levels using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) against a curated GreenGenes database. 25418803 2 55 theme isolation 288:296 arg1 Potato 239:244 Potato fibre 239:250 Potato fibre (PF) 239:255 Potato fibre (PF), a co-product of potato starch isolation, has a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. 25418803 2 55 theme isolation 288:296 arg1 co-product 260:269 a co-product 258:269 a co-product of potato starch isolation 258:296 Potato fibre (PF), a co-product of potato starch isolation, has a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. 25418803 1 56 theme health 210:215 arg1 benefits 217:224 numerous health benefits 201:224 numerous health benefits to the host 201:236 Inclusion of fermentable fibres in the diet can have an impact on the hindgut microbiome and provide numerous health benefits to the host. 25418803 2 57 theme fibre 246:250 arg1 Potato 239:244 Potato fibre 239:250 Potato fibre (PF) 239:255 Potato fibre (PF), a co-product of potato starch isolation, has a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. 25418803 2 57 theme fibre 246:250 arg1 PF 253:254 PF 253:254 PF 253:254 Potato fibre (PF), a co-product of potato starch isolation, has a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. 25418803 2 57 theme fibre 246:250 arg1 co-product 260:269 a co-product 258:269 a co-product of potato starch isolation 258:296 Potato fibre (PF), a co-product of potato starch isolation, has a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. 25418803 13 58 dep confirmed 1681:1689 arg1 Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium 1647:1675 Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium 1647:1675 Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium 1647:1675 Overall, increases in the proportion of Faecalibacterium (not Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium, as confirmed by qPCR analysis) and faecal SCFA concentrations with increasing dietary PF concentrations suggest that PF is a possible prebiotic fibre. 25418803 4 59 with dogs 615:618 arg1 bloodlines 631:640 hound bloodlines 625:640 hound bloodlines 625:640 Fresh faecal samples were collected from ten female dogs with hound bloodlines (6·13 (SEM 0·17) years; 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg) fed five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. 25418803 13 60 theme dietary 1756:1762 arg1 concentrations 1767:1780 dietary PF concentrations 1756:1780 dietary PF concentrations 1756:1780 Overall, increases in the proportion of Faecalibacterium (not Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium, as confirmed by qPCR analysis) and faecal SCFA concentrations with increasing dietary PF concentrations suggest that PF is a possible prebiotic fibre. 25418803 4 61 theme × 809:809 arg1 square 819:824 5 × 5 Latin square 807:824 a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design 794:831 Fresh faecal samples were collected from ten female dogs with hound bloodlines (6·13 (SEM 0·17) years; 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg) fed five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. 25418803 10 62 theme Post 1417:1420 arg1 analysis 1448:1455 Post hoc Pearson's correlation analysis 1417:1455 Post hoc Pearson's correlation analysis 1417:1455 Post hoc Pearson's correlation analysis showed positive (P< 0·05) correlations with Bifidobacterium spp. 25418803 3 63 theme dietary 489:495 arg1 concentrations 500:513 increasing dietary PF concentrations 478:513 increasing dietary PF concentrations 478:513 The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary PF concentrations on the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs. 25418803 4 64 theme graded 716:721 arg1 concentrations 723:736 graded concentrations 716:736 graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) 716:789 Fresh faecal samples were collected from ten female dogs with hound bloodlines (6·13 (SEM 0·17) years; 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg) fed five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. 25418803 13 65 theme SCFA 1720:1723 arg1 concentrations 1725:1738 faecal SCFA concentrations 1713:1738 faecal SCFA concentrations 1713:1738 Overall, increases in the proportion of Faecalibacterium (not Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium, as confirmed by qPCR analysis) and faecal SCFA concentrations with increasing dietary PF concentrations suggest that PF is a possible prebiotic fibre. 25418803 9 66 dep increased 1396:1404 arg1 P< 1407:1408 P< 1407:1408 P< 1407:1408 With increasing concentrations of PF, faecal proportions of Faecalibacterium increased (P< 0·05). 25418803 6 67 theme Alignment 1022:1030 arg1 BLASTn 1045:1050 BLASTn 1045:1050 BLASTn 1045:1050 Sequences were classified into taxonomic levels using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) against a curated GreenGenes database. 25418803 6 67 theme Alignment 1022:1030 arg1 Tool 1039:1042 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool 1010:1042 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) against a curated GreenGenes database 1010:1089 Sequences were classified into taxonomic levels using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) against a curated GreenGenes database. 25418803 4 68 theme Fresh 563:567 arg1 samples 576:582 Fresh faecal samples 563:582 Fresh faecal samples 563:582 Fresh faecal samples were collected from ten female dogs with hound bloodlines (6·13 (SEM 0·17) years; 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg) fed five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. 25418803 3 69 theme concentrations 500:513 arg1 effect 468:473 the effect 464:473 the effect of increasing dietary PF concentrations on the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs 464:560 The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary PF concentrations on the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs. 25418803 7 70 dep decreased 1194:1202 arg1 P< 1205:1206 P< 0·05 1205:1211 P< 0·05 1205:1211 Inclusion of PF increased (P< 0·05) the faecal proportions of Firmicutes, while those of Fusobacteria decreased (P< 0·05). 25418803 6 71 theme Basic 1010:1014 arg1 BLASTn 1045:1050 BLASTn 1045:1050 BLASTn 1045:1050 Sequences were classified into taxonomic levels using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) against a curated GreenGenes database. 25418803 6 71 theme Basic 1010:1014 arg1 Tool 1039:1042 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool 1010:1042 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) against a curated GreenGenes database 1010:1089 Sequences were classified into taxonomic levels using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) against a curated GreenGenes database. 25418803 4 72 theme hound 625:629 arg1 bloodlines 631:640 hound bloodlines 625:640 hound bloodlines 625:640 Fresh faecal samples were collected from ten female dogs with hound bloodlines (6·13 (SEM 0·17) years; 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg) fed five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. 25418803 3 73 theme healthy 543:549 arg1 dogs 557:560 healthy adult dogs 543:560 healthy adult dogs 543:560 The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary PF concentrations on the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs. 25418803 7 74 theme faecal 1132:1137 arg1 proportions 1139:1149 the faecal proportions 1128:1149 (P< 0·05) the faecal proportions of Firmicutes 1118:1163 Inclusion of PF increased (P< 0·05) the faecal proportions of Firmicutes, while those of Fusobacteria decreased (P< 0·05). 25418803 7 74 theme faecal 1132:1137 arg1 P< 1119:1120 P< 1119:1120 P< 1119:1120 Inclusion of PF increased (P< 0·05) the faecal proportions of Firmicutes, while those of Fusobacteria decreased (P< 0·05). 25418803 13 75 theme qPCR 1694:1697 arg1 analysis 1699:1706 qPCR analysis 1694:1706 qPCR analysis 1694:1706 Overall, increases in the proportion of Faecalibacterium (not Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium, as confirmed by qPCR analysis) and faecal SCFA concentrations with increasing dietary PF concentrations suggest that PF is a possible prebiotic fibre. 25418803 1 76 theme fermentable 113:123 arg1 fibres 125:130 fermentable fibres 113:130 fermentable fibres 113:130 Inclusion of fermentable fibres in the diet can have an impact on the hindgut microbiome and provide numerous health benefits to the host. 25418803 4 77 contain containing 705:714 arg1 diets 699:703 five test diets 689:703 five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design 689:831 Fresh faecal samples were collected from ten female dogs with hound bloodlines (6·13 (SEM 0·17) years; 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg) fed five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. 25418803 4 77 contain containing 705:714 arg2 concentrations 723:736 graded concentrations 716:736 graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) 716:789 Fresh faecal samples were collected from ten female dogs with hound bloodlines (6·13 (SEM 0·17) years; 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg) fed five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. 25418803 8 78 located observed 1235:1242 arg2 shifts 1223:1228 Similar shifts 1215:1228 Similar shifts 1215:1228 Similar shifts were observed at the genus level and were confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. 25418803 8 78 located observed 1235:1242 arg1 level 1257:1261 the genus level 1247:1261 the genus level 1247:1261 Similar shifts were observed at the genus level and were confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. 25418803 11 79 theme butyrate 1526:1533 arg1 production 1535:1544 butyrate production 1526:1544 butyrate production 1526:1544 and butyrate production and Lactobacillus spp. 25418803 0 80 theme fibre 81:85 arg1 inclusion 61:69 inclusion 61:69 inclusion of potato fibre in the diet 61:97 Modulation of the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs by inclusion of potato fibre in the diet. 25418803 5 81 theme rRNA 922:925 arg1 gene 927:930 the 16S rRNA gene 914:930 the 16S rRNA gene using barcoded primers 914:953 Extraction of DNA was followed by amplification of the V4-V6 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene using barcoded primers. 25418803 5 82 theme V4-V6 889:893 arg1 region 904:909 the V4-V6 variable region 885:909 the V4-V6 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene using barcoded primers 885:953 Extraction of DNA was followed by amplification of the V4-V6 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene using barcoded primers. 25418803 8 83 theme PCR 1298:1300 arg1 analysis 1309:1316 quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis 1285:1316 quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis 1285:1316 Similar shifts were observed at the genus level and were confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. 25418803 13 84 theme Faecalibacterium 1625:1640 arg1 proportion 1611:1620 the proportion 1607:1620 the proportion of Faecalibacterium (not Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium, as confirmed by qPCR analysis) and faecal SCFA concentrations with increasing dietary PF concentrations 1607:1780 Overall, increases in the proportion of Faecalibacterium (not Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium, as confirmed by qPCR analysis) and faecal SCFA concentrations with increasing dietary PF concentrations suggest that PF is a possible prebiotic fibre. 25418803 2 85 theme chemical 316:323 arg1 composition 325:335 a favourable chemical composition 303:335 a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses 303:410 Potato fibre (PF), a co-product of potato starch isolation, has a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. 25418803 5 86 theme region 904:909 arg1 amplification 868:880 amplification 868:880 amplification of the V4-V6 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene using barcoded primers 868:953 Extraction of DNA was followed by amplification of the V4-V6 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene using barcoded primers. 25418803 13 87 theme fibre 1822:1826 arg1 prebiotic 1812:1820 a possible prebiotic 1801:1820 a possible prebiotic fibre 1801:1826 Overall, increases in the proportion of Faecalibacterium (not Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium, as confirmed by qPCR analysis) and faecal SCFA concentrations with increasing dietary PF concentrations suggest that PF is a possible prebiotic fibre. 25418803 13 87 theme fibre 1822:1826 arg1 PF 1795:1796 PF 1795:1796 PF 1795:1796 Overall, increases in the proportion of Faecalibacterium (not Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium, as confirmed by qPCR analysis) and faecal SCFA concentrations with increasing dietary PF concentrations suggest that PF is a possible prebiotic fibre. 25418803 7 88 theme PF 1105:1106 arg1 Inclusion 1092:1100 Inclusion 1092:1100 Inclusion of PF 1092:1106 Inclusion of PF increased (P< 0·05) the faecal proportions of Firmicutes, while those of Fusobacteria decreased (P< 0·05). 25418803 4 89 theme Latin 813:817 arg1 square 819:824 5 × 5 Latin square 807:824 a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design 794:831 Fresh faecal samples were collected from ten female dogs with hound bloodlines (6·13 (SEM 0·17) years; 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg) fed five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. 25418803 8 90 theme qPCR 1303:1306 arg1 analysis 1309:1316 quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis 1285:1316 quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis 1285:1316 Similar shifts were observed at the genus level and were confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. 25418803 0 91 theme faecal 18:23 arg1 microbiome 25:34 the faecal microbiome 14:34 the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs 14:56 Modulation of the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs by inclusion of potato fibre in the diet. 25418803 9 92 theme increasing 1324:1333 arg1 concentrations 1335:1348 increasing concentrations 1324:1348 increasing concentrations of PF 1324:1354 With increasing concentrations of PF, faecal proportions of Faecalibacterium increased (P< 0·05). 25418803 6 93 theme Search 1032:1037 arg1 BLASTn 1045:1050 BLASTn 1045:1050 BLASTn 1045:1050 Sequences were classified into taxonomic levels using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) against a curated GreenGenes database. 25418803 6 93 theme Search 1032:1037 arg1 Tool 1039:1042 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool 1010:1042 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) against a curated GreenGenes database 1010:1089 Sequences were classified into taxonomic levels using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) against a curated GreenGenes database. 25418803 10 94 theme hoc 1422:1424 arg1 analysis 1448:1455 Post hoc Pearson's correlation analysis 1417:1455 Post hoc Pearson's correlation analysis 1417:1455 Post hoc Pearson's correlation analysis showed positive (P< 0·05) correlations with Bifidobacterium spp. 25418803 4 95 theme replicated 796:805 arg1 design 826:831 a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design 794:831 a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design 794:831 Fresh faecal samples were collected from ten female dogs with hound bloodlines (6·13 (SEM 0·17) years; 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg) fed five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. 25418803 3 96 theme dogs 557:560 arg1 microbiome 529:538 the faecal microbiome 518:538 the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs 518:560 The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary PF concentrations on the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs. 25418803 0 97 theme adult 47:51 arg1 dogs 53:56 healthy adult dogs 39:56 healthy adult dogs 39:56 Modulation of the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs by inclusion of potato fibre in the diet. 25418803 2 98 theme cellulose 382:390 arg1 composition 325:335 a favourable chemical composition 303:335 a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses 303:410 Potato fibre (PF), a co-product of potato starch isolation, has a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. 25418803 3 99 theme present 434:440 arg1 study 442:446 the present study 430:446 the present study 430:446 The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary PF concentrations on the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs. 25418803 13 100 theme PF 1764:1765 arg1 concentrations 1767:1780 dietary PF concentrations 1756:1780 dietary PF concentrations 1756:1780 Overall, increases in the proportion of Faecalibacterium (not Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium, as confirmed by qPCR analysis) and faecal SCFA concentrations with increasing dietary PF concentrations suggest that PF is a possible prebiotic fibre. 25418803 9 101 theme Faecalibacterium 1379:1394 arg1 proportions 1364:1374 faecal proportions 1357:1374 faecal proportions of Faecalibacterium 1357:1394 With increasing concentrations of PF, faecal proportions of Faecalibacterium increased (P< 0·05). 25418803 1 102 theme numerous 201:208 arg1 benefits 217:224 numerous health benefits 201:224 numerous health benefits to the host 201:236 Inclusion of fermentable fibres in the diet can have an impact on the hindgut microbiome and provide numerous health benefits to the host. 25407851 8 0 theme aromatic 1671:1678 arg1 aglycone 1680:1687 an aromatic aglycone 1668:1687 an aromatic aglycone 1668:1687 Moreover, the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments enabled (1)H, (15)N HSQC-based measurements for hu- man galectins-1, -3, and -7 against p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside, a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone. 25407851 10 1 theme affinity/selectivity 1967:1986 arg1 terms 1958:1962 terms 1958:1962 terms of affinity/selectivity 1958:1986 What can be accomplished in terms of affinity/selectivity by this type of core extension having been determined, the applied combined strategy should be instrumental for proceeding with defining structure-activity correlations at other bioinspired sites in glycans and beyond the tested lectin types. 25407851 1 2 theme inhibitors 296:305 arg1 design 279:284 the design 275:284 the design of potent inhibitors 275:305 The emerging significance of lectins for pathophysiological processes provides incentive for the design of potent inhibitors. 25407851 9 3 theme highest 1721:1727 arg1 affinity 1729:1736 the highest affinity 1717:1736 the highest affinity 1717:1736 The measurements confirmed the highest affinity against galectin-3 and detected chemical shift differences in its hydrophobic core upon ligand binding, besides common alterations around the canonical contact site for the lactoside residue. 25407851 10 4 theme tested 2210:2215 arg1 types 2224:2228 the tested lectin types 2206:2228 the tested lectin types 2206:2228 What can be accomplished in terms of affinity/selectivity by this type of core extension having been determined, the applied combined strategy should be instrumental for proceeding with defining structure-activity correlations at other bioinspired sites in glycans and beyond the tested lectin types. 25407851 1 5 theme emerging 186:193 arg1 significance 195:206 The emerging significance 182:206 The emerging significance of lectins for pathophysiological processes 182:250 The emerging significance of lectins for pathophysiological processes provides incentive for the design of potent inhibitors. 25407851 0 6 theme activity 133:140 arg1 screening 142:150 activity screening 133:150 activity screening 133:150 Defining the potential of aglycone modifications for affinity/selectivity enhancement against medically relevant lectins: synthesis, activity screening, and HSQC-based NMR analysis. 25407851 3 7 theme N-linked-lactosides 583:601 arg1 synthesis 564:572 the synthesis 560:572 the synthesis of seven N-linked-lactosides and of eight O-linked N-acetyllactosamines, each substituted with a 1,2,3-triazole unit, prepared by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) 560:754 Firstly we report the synthesis of seven N-linked-lactosides and of eight O-linked N-acetyllactosamines, each substituted with a 1,2,3-triazole unit, prepared by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). 25407851 9 8 theme chemical 1770:1777 arg1 differences 1785:1795 chemical shift differences 1770:1795 chemical shift differences in its hydrophobic core 1770:1819 The measurements confirmed the highest affinity against galectin-3 and detected chemical shift differences in its hydrophobic core upon ligand binding, besides common alterations around the canonical contact site for the lactoside residue. 25407851 6 9 with potential 1214:1222 arg1 proteins 1282:1289 total of eight proteins 1267:1289 total of eight proteins 1267:1289 As well as a plant toxin, we also screened the relative inhibitory potential with adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins (total of eight proteins). 25407851 6 9 with potential 1214:1222 arg1 galectins 1256:1264 adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins 1229:1264 adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins (total of eight proteins) 1229:1290 As well as a plant toxin, we also screened the relative inhibitory potential with adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins (total of eight proteins). 25407851 10 10 theme applied 2047:2053 arg1 instrumental 2083:2094 instrumental 2083:2094 instrumental 2083:2094 What can be accomplished in terms of affinity/selectivity by this type of core extension having been determined, the applied combined strategy should be instrumental for proceeding with defining structure-activity correlations at other bioinspired sites in glycans and beyond the tested lectin types. 25407851 10 10 theme applied 2047:2053 arg1 strategy 2064:2071 the applied combined strategy 2043:2071 the applied combined strategy 2043:2071 What can be accomplished in terms of affinity/selectivity by this type of core extension having been determined, the applied combined strategy should be instrumental for proceeding with defining structure-activity correlations at other bioinspired sites in glycans and beyond the tested lectin types. 25407851 0 11 theme HSQC-based 157:166 arg1 analysis 172:179 HSQC-based NMR analysis 157:179 HSQC-based NMR analysis 157:179 Defining the potential of aglycone modifications for affinity/selectivity enhancement against medically relevant lectins: synthesis, activity screening, and HSQC-based NMR analysis. 25407851 3 12 theme O-linked 616:623 arg1 N-acetyllactosamines 625:644 eight O-linked N-acetyllactosamines 610:644 eight O-linked N-acetyllactosamines 610:644 Firstly we report the synthesis of seven N-linked-lactosides and of eight O-linked N-acetyllactosamines, each substituted with a 1,2,3-triazole unit, prepared by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). 25407851 3 12 theme O-linked 616:623 arg1 each 647:650 each 647:650 each 647:650 Firstly we report the synthesis of seven N-linked-lactosides and of eight O-linked N-acetyllactosamines, each substituted with a 1,2,3-triazole unit, prepared by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). 25407851 4 13 theme β-D- 784:787 arg1 galactosylation 796:810 The totally regioselective β-D-(1 → 4) galactosylation 757:810 The totally regioselective β-D-(1 → 4) galactosylation of a 6-O-TBDPSi-protected N-acetylglucosamine acceptor 757:865 The totally regioselective β-D-(1 → 4) galactosylation of a 6-O-TBDPSi-protected N-acetylglucosamine acceptor provided efficient access to the N-acetyllactosamine precursor. 25407851 5 14 theme binding 1016:1022 arg1 assays 1024:1029 two binding assays 1012:1029 two binding assays of increasing biorelevance (inhibition of lectin binding to a surface-presented glycoprotein and to cell surfaces) 1012:1144 The resulting compounds were then systematically tested for lectin reactivity in two binding assays of increasing biorelevance (inhibition of lectin binding to a surface-presented glycoprotein and to cell surfaces). 25407851 2 15 theme core 525:528 arg1 structures 530:539 two disaccharide core structures 508:539 two disaccharide core structures 508:539 To this end, systematic assessment of contributions to affinity and selectivity by distinct types of synthetic tailoring of glycosides is a salient step, here taken for the aglyconic modifications of two disaccharide core structures. 25407851 8 16 theme N 1517:1517 arg1 measurements 1530:1541 (15)N HSQC-based measurements 1513:1541 (15)N HSQC-based measurements 1513:1541 Moreover, the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments enabled (1)H, (15)N HSQC-based measurements for hu- man galectins-1, -3, and -7 against p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside, a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone. 25407851 8 16 theme N 1517:1517 arg1 H 1510:1510 (1)H 1507:1510 (1)H 1507:1510 Moreover, the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments enabled (1)H, (15)N HSQC-based measurements for hu- man galectins-1, -3, and -7 against p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside, a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone. 25407851 9 17 theme ligand 1826:1831 arg1 binding 1833:1839 ligand binding 1826:1839 ligand binding 1826:1839 The measurements confirmed the highest affinity against galectin-3 and detected chemical shift differences in its hydrophobic core upon ligand binding, besides common alterations around the canonical contact site for the lactoside residue. 25407851 10 18 theme structure-activity 2125:2142 arg1 correlations 2144:2155 structure-activity correlations 2125:2155 structure-activity correlations 2125:2155 What can be accomplished in terms of affinity/selectivity by this type of core extension having been determined, the applied combined strategy should be instrumental for proceeding with defining structure-activity correlations at other bioinspired sites in glycans and beyond the tested lectin types. 25407851 5 19 theme lectin 991:996 arg1 reactivity 998:1007 lectin reactivity 991:1007 lectin reactivity in two binding assays of increasing biorelevance (inhibition of lectin binding to a surface-presented glycoprotein and to cell surfaces) 991:1144 The resulting compounds were then systematically tested for lectin reactivity in two binding assays of increasing biorelevance (inhibition of lectin binding to a surface-presented glycoprotein and to cell surfaces). 25407851 8 20 theme hu- 1547:1549 arg1 galectins-1 1555:1565 hu- man galectins-1 1547:1565 hu- man galectins-1 1547:1565 Moreover, the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments enabled (1)H, (15)N HSQC-based measurements for hu- man galectins-1, -3, and -7 against p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside, a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone. 25407851 9 21 theme common 1850:1855 arg1 alterations 1857:1867 common alterations 1850:1867 common alterations around the canonical contact site for the lactoside residue 1850:1927 The measurements confirmed the highest affinity against galectin-3 and detected chemical shift differences in its hydrophobic core upon ligand binding, besides common alterations around the canonical contact site for the lactoside residue. 25407851 5 22 theme lectin 1073:1078 arg1 binding 1080:1086 lectin binding 1073:1086 lectin binding to a surface-presented glycoprotein and to cell surfaces 1073:1143 The resulting compounds were then systematically tested for lectin reactivity in two binding assays of increasing biorelevance (inhibition of lectin binding to a surface-presented glycoprotein and to cell surfaces). 25407851 8 23 contain containing 1657:1666 arg1 inhibitor 1647:1655 a frequently tested standard inhibitor 1618:1655 a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone 1618:1687 Moreover, the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments enabled (1)H, (15)N HSQC-based measurements for hu- man galectins-1, -3, and -7 against p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside, a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone. 25407851 8 23 contain containing 1657:1666 arg2 aglycone 1680:1687 an aromatic aglycone 1668:1687 an aromatic aglycone 1668:1687 Moreover, the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments enabled (1)H, (15)N HSQC-based measurements for hu- man galectins-1, -3, and -7 against p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside, a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone. 25407851 8 23 contain containing 1657:1666 arg1 lactopyranoside 1601:1615 p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside 1587:1615 p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside 1587:1615 Moreover, the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments enabled (1)H, (15)N HSQC-based measurements for hu- man galectins-1, -3, and -7 against p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside, a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone. 25407851 2 24 theme synthetic 409:417 arg1 tailoring 419:427 synthetic tailoring 409:427 synthetic tailoring of glycosides 409:441 To this end, systematic assessment of contributions to affinity and selectivity by distinct types of synthetic tailoring of glycosides is a salient step, here taken for the aglyconic modifications of two disaccharide core structures. 25407851 5 25 from reactivity 998:1007 arg1 assays 1024:1029 two binding assays 1012:1029 two binding assays of increasing biorelevance (inhibition of lectin binding to a surface-presented glycoprotein and to cell surfaces) 1012:1144 The resulting compounds were then systematically tested for lectin reactivity in two binding assays of increasing biorelevance (inhibition of lectin binding to a surface-presented glycoprotein and to cell surfaces). 25407851 9 26 theme canonical 1880:1888 arg1 site 1898:1901 the canonical contact site 1876:1901 the canonical contact site for the lactoside residue 1876:1927 The measurements confirmed the highest affinity against galectin-3 and detected chemical shift differences in its hydrophobic core upon ligand binding, besides common alterations around the canonical contact site for the lactoside residue. 25407851 2 27 theme salient 448:454 arg1 step 456:459 a salient step 446:459 a salient step 446:459 To this end, systematic assessment of contributions to affinity and selectivity by distinct types of synthetic tailoring of glycosides is a salient step, here taken for the aglyconic modifications of two disaccharide core structures. 25407851 2 27 theme salient 448:454 arg1 assessment 332:341 systematic assessment 321:341 systematic assessment of contributions to affinity and selectivity by distinct types of synthetic tailoring of glycosides 321:441 To this end, systematic assessment of contributions to affinity and selectivity by distinct types of synthetic tailoring of glycosides is a salient step, here taken for the aglyconic modifications of two disaccharide core structures. 25407851 8 28 theme proteins 1469:1476 arg1 availability 1439:1450 the availability 1435:1450 the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments 1435:1497 Moreover, the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments enabled (1)H, (15)N HSQC-based measurements for hu- man galectins-1, -3, and -7 against p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside, a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone. 25407851 0 29 theme aglycone 26:33 arg1 modifications 35:47 aglycone modifications 26:47 aglycone modifications 26:47 Defining the potential of aglycone modifications for affinity/selectivity enhancement against medically relevant lectins: synthesis, activity screening, and HSQC-based NMR analysis. 25407851 2 30 theme aglyconic 481:489 arg1 modifications 491:503 the aglyconic modifications 477:503 the aglyconic modifications of two disaccharide core structures 477:539 To this end, systematic assessment of contributions to affinity and selectivity by distinct types of synthetic tailoring of glycosides is a salient step, here taken for the aglyconic modifications of two disaccharide core structures. 25407851 7 31 theme further 1383:1389 arg1 increases 1391:1399 further increases 1383:1399 further increases for galectins-3 and -4 1383:1422 This type of modification yielded up to 2.5-fold enhancement for prototype proteins, with further increases for galectins-3 and -4. 25407851 8 32 theme full 1482:1485 arg1 assignments 1487:1497 full assignments 1482:1497 full assignments 1482:1497 Moreover, the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments enabled (1)H, (15)N HSQC-based measurements for hu- man galectins-1, -3, and -7 against p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside, a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone. 25407851 8 33 dep H 1510:1510 arg1 1 1508:1508 1 1508:1508 1 1508:1508 Moreover, the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments enabled (1)H, (15)N HSQC-based measurements for hu- man galectins-1, -3, and -7 against p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside, a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone. 25407851 5 34 theme cell 1131:1134 arg1 surfaces 1136:1143 cell surfaces 1131:1143 cell surfaces 1131:1143 The resulting compounds were then systematically tested for lectin reactivity in two binding assays of increasing biorelevance (inhibition of lectin binding to a surface-presented glycoprotein and to cell surfaces). 25407851 6 35 theme relative 1194:1201 arg1 potential 1214:1222 the relative inhibitory potential 1190:1222 the relative inhibitory potential with adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins (total of eight proteins) 1190:1290 As well as a plant toxin, we also screened the relative inhibitory potential with adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins (total of eight proteins). 25407851 10 36 theme bioinspired 2166:2176 arg1 sites 2178:2182 other bioinspired sites 2160:2182 other bioinspired sites in glycans 2160:2193 What can be accomplished in terms of affinity/selectivity by this type of core extension having been determined, the applied combined strategy should be instrumental for proceeding with defining structure-activity correlations at other bioinspired sites in glycans and beyond the tested lectin types. 25407851 4 37 theme N-acetylglucosamine 838:856 arg1 acceptor 858:865 a 6-O-TBDPSi-protected N-acetylglucosamine acceptor 815:865 a 6-O-TBDPSi-protected N-acetylglucosamine acceptor 815:865 The totally regioselective β-D-(1 → 4) galactosylation of a 6-O-TBDPSi-protected N-acetylglucosamine acceptor provided efficient access to the N-acetyllactosamine precursor. 25407851 8 38 theme N-labeled 1459:1467 arg1 proteins 1469:1476 (15)N-labeled proteins 1455:1476 (15)N-labeled proteins 1455:1476 Moreover, the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments enabled (1)H, (15)N HSQC-based measurements for hu- man galectins-1, -3, and -7 against p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside, a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone. 25407851 7 39 theme prototype 1358:1366 arg1 proteins 1368:1375 prototype proteins 1358:1375 prototype proteins 1358:1375 This type of modification yielded up to 2.5-fold enhancement for prototype proteins, with further increases for galectins-3 and -4. 25407851 8 40 theme tested 1631:1636 arg1 inhibitor 1647:1655 a frequently tested standard inhibitor 1618:1655 a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone 1618:1687 Moreover, the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments enabled (1)H, (15)N HSQC-based measurements for hu- man galectins-1, -3, and -7 against p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside, a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone. 25407851 8 40 theme tested 1631:1636 arg1 lactopyranoside 1601:1615 p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside 1587:1615 p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside 1587:1615 Moreover, the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments enabled (1)H, (15)N HSQC-based measurements for hu- man galectins-1, -3, and -7 against p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside, a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone. 25407851 3 41 theme copper-catalyzed 704:719 arg1 CuAAC 749:753 CuAAC 749:753 CuAAC 749:753 Firstly we report the synthesis of seven N-linked-lactosides and of eight O-linked N-acetyllactosamines, each substituted with a 1,2,3-triazole unit, prepared by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). 25407851 3 41 theme copper-catalyzed 704:719 arg1 cycloaddition 734:746 copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition 704:746 copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) 704:754 Firstly we report the synthesis of seven N-linked-lactosides and of eight O-linked N-acetyllactosamines, each substituted with a 1,2,3-triazole unit, prepared by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). 25407851 5 42 theme surface-presented 1093:1109 arg1 glycoprotein 1111:1122 a surface-presented glycoprotein 1091:1122 a surface-presented glycoprotein 1091:1122 The resulting compounds were then systematically tested for lectin reactivity in two binding assays of increasing biorelevance (inhibition of lectin binding to a surface-presented glycoprotein and to cell surfaces). 25407851 1 43 theme potent 289:294 arg1 inhibitors 296:305 potent inhibitors 289:305 potent inhibitors 289:305 The emerging significance of lectins for pathophysiological processes provides incentive for the design of potent inhibitors. 25407851 10 44 theme lectin 2217:2222 arg1 types 2224:2228 the tested lectin types 2206:2228 the tested lectin types 2206:2228 What can be accomplished in terms of affinity/selectivity by this type of core extension having been determined, the applied combined strategy should be instrumental for proceeding with defining structure-activity correlations at other bioinspired sites in glycans and beyond the tested lectin types. 25407851 10 45 theme core 2004:2007 arg1 extension 2009:2017 core extension 2004:2017 core extension 2004:2017 What can be accomplished in terms of affinity/selectivity by this type of core extension having been determined, the applied combined strategy should be instrumental for proceeding with defining structure-activity correlations at other bioinspired sites in glycans and beyond the tested lectin types. 25407851 5 46 theme resulting 935:943 arg1 compounds 945:953 The resulting compounds 931:953 The resulting compounds 931:953 The resulting compounds were then systematically tested for lectin reactivity in two binding assays of increasing biorelevance (inhibition of lectin binding to a surface-presented glycoprotein and to cell surfaces). 25407851 4 47 theme N-acetyllactosamine 900:918 arg1 precursor 920:928 the N-acetyllactosamine precursor 896:928 the N-acetyllactosamine precursor 896:928 The totally regioselective β-D-(1 → 4) galactosylation of a 6-O-TBDPSi-protected N-acetylglucosamine acceptor provided efficient access to the N-acetyllactosamine precursor. 25407851 6 48 theme adhesion/growth-regulatory 1229:1254 arg1 proteins 1282:1289 total of eight proteins 1267:1289 total of eight proteins 1267:1289 As well as a plant toxin, we also screened the relative inhibitory potential with adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins (total of eight proteins). 25407851 6 48 theme adhesion/growth-regulatory 1229:1254 arg1 galectins 1256:1264 adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins 1229:1264 adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins (total of eight proteins) 1229:1290 As well as a plant toxin, we also screened the relative inhibitory potential with adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins (total of eight proteins). 25407851 2 49 theme systematic 321:330 arg1 step 456:459 a salient step 446:459 a salient step 446:459 To this end, systematic assessment of contributions to affinity and selectivity by distinct types of synthetic tailoring of glycosides is a salient step, here taken for the aglyconic modifications of two disaccharide core structures. 25407851 2 49 theme systematic 321:330 arg1 assessment 332:341 systematic assessment 321:341 systematic assessment of contributions to affinity and selectivity by distinct types of synthetic tailoring of glycosides 321:441 To this end, systematic assessment of contributions to affinity and selectivity by distinct types of synthetic tailoring of glycosides is a salient step, here taken for the aglyconic modifications of two disaccharide core structures. 25407851 1 50 theme lectins 211:217 arg1 significance 195:206 The emerging significance 182:206 The emerging significance of lectins for pathophysiological processes 182:250 The emerging significance of lectins for pathophysiological processes provides incentive for the design of potent inhibitors. 25407851 3 51 theme N-acetyllactosamines 625:644 arg1 synthesis 564:572 the synthesis 560:572 the synthesis of seven N-linked-lactosides and of eight O-linked N-acetyllactosamines, each substituted with a 1,2,3-triazole unit, prepared by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) 560:754 Firstly we report the synthesis of seven N-linked-lactosides and of eight O-linked N-acetyllactosamines, each substituted with a 1,2,3-triazole unit, prepared by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). 25407851 1 52 theme pathophysiological 223:240 arg1 processes 242:250 pathophysiological processes 223:250 pathophysiological processes 223:250 The emerging significance of lectins for pathophysiological processes provides incentive for the design of potent inhibitors. 25407851 9 53 theme shift 1779:1783 arg1 differences 1785:1795 chemical shift differences 1770:1795 chemical shift differences in its hydrophobic core 1770:1819 The measurements confirmed the highest affinity against galectin-3 and detected chemical shift differences in its hydrophobic core upon ligand binding, besides common alterations around the canonical contact site for the lactoside residue. 25407851 10 54 theme combined 2055:2062 arg1 instrumental 2083:2094 instrumental 2083:2094 instrumental 2083:2094 What can be accomplished in terms of affinity/selectivity by this type of core extension having been determined, the applied combined strategy should be instrumental for proceeding with defining structure-activity correlations at other bioinspired sites in glycans and beyond the tested lectin types. 25407851 10 54 theme combined 2055:2062 arg1 strategy 2064:2071 the applied combined strategy 2043:2071 the applied combined strategy 2043:2071 What can be accomplished in terms of affinity/selectivity by this type of core extension having been determined, the applied combined strategy should be instrumental for proceeding with defining structure-activity correlations at other bioinspired sites in glycans and beyond the tested lectin types. 25407851 0 55 theme NMR 168:170 arg1 analysis 172:179 HSQC-based NMR analysis 157:179 HSQC-based NMR analysis 157:179 Defining the potential of aglycone modifications for affinity/selectivity enhancement against medically relevant lectins: synthesis, activity screening, and HSQC-based NMR analysis. 25407851 9 56 theme hydrophobic 1804:1814 arg1 core 1816:1819 its hydrophobic core 1800:1819 its hydrophobic core 1800:1819 The measurements confirmed the highest affinity against galectin-3 and detected chemical shift differences in its hydrophobic core upon ligand binding, besides common alterations around the canonical contact site for the lactoside residue. 25407851 8 57 theme HSQC-based 1519:1528 arg1 measurements 1530:1541 (15)N HSQC-based measurements 1513:1541 (15)N HSQC-based measurements 1513:1541 Moreover, the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments enabled (1)H, (15)N HSQC-based measurements for hu- man galectins-1, -3, and -7 against p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside, a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone. 25407851 8 57 theme HSQC-based 1519:1528 arg1 H 1510:1510 (1)H 1507:1510 (1)H 1507:1510 Moreover, the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments enabled (1)H, (15)N HSQC-based measurements for hu- man galectins-1, -3, and -7 against p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside, a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone. 25407851 7 58 theme modification 1306:1317 arg1 type 1298:1301 This type 1293:1301 This type of modification 1293:1317 This type of modification yielded up to 2.5-fold enhancement for prototype proteins, with further increases for galectins-3 and -4. 25407851 9 59 from differences 1785:1795 arg1 core 1816:1819 its hydrophobic core 1800:1819 its hydrophobic core 1800:1819 The measurements confirmed the highest affinity against galectin-3 and detected chemical shift differences in its hydrophobic core upon ligand binding, besides common alterations around the canonical contact site for the lactoside residue. 25407851 2 60 theme disaccharide 512:523 arg1 structures 530:539 two disaccharide core structures 508:539 two disaccharide core structures 508:539 To this end, systematic assessment of contributions to affinity and selectivity by distinct types of synthetic tailoring of glycosides is a salient step, here taken for the aglyconic modifications of two disaccharide core structures. 25407851 5 61 dep biorelevance 1045:1056 arg1 inhibition 1059:1068 inhibition 1059:1068 inhibition of lectin binding to a surface-presented glycoprotein and to cell surfaces 1059:1143 The resulting compounds were then systematically tested for lectin reactivity in two binding assays of increasing biorelevance (inhibition of lectin binding to a surface-presented glycoprotein and to cell surfaces). 25407851 0 62 theme relevant 104:111 arg1 lectins 113:119 medically relevant lectins 94:119 medically relevant lectins 94:119 Defining the potential of aglycone modifications for affinity/selectivity enhancement against medically relevant lectins: synthesis, activity screening, and HSQC-based NMR analysis. 25407851 8 63 theme man 1551:1553 arg1 galectins-1 1555:1565 hu- man galectins-1 1547:1565 hu- man galectins-1 1547:1565 Moreover, the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments enabled (1)H, (15)N HSQC-based measurements for hu- man galectins-1, -3, and -7 against p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside, a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone. 25407851 4 64 theme 6-O-TBDPSi-protected 817:836 arg1 acceptor 858:865 a 6-O-TBDPSi-protected N-acetylglucosamine acceptor 815:865 a 6-O-TBDPSi-protected N-acetylglucosamine acceptor 815:865 The totally regioselective β-D-(1 → 4) galactosylation of a 6-O-TBDPSi-protected N-acetylglucosamine acceptor provided efficient access to the N-acetyllactosamine precursor. 25407851 6 65 theme plant 1160:1164 arg1 toxin 1166:1170 a plant toxin 1158:1170 a plant toxin 1158:1170 As well as a plant toxin, we also screened the relative inhibitory potential with adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins (total of eight proteins). 25407851 2 66 theme structures 530:539 arg1 modifications 491:503 the aglyconic modifications 477:503 the aglyconic modifications of two disaccharide core structures 477:539 To this end, systematic assessment of contributions to affinity and selectivity by distinct types of synthetic tailoring of glycosides is a salient step, here taken for the aglyconic modifications of two disaccharide core structures. 25407851 2 67 theme tailoring 419:427 arg1 types 400:404 distinct types 391:404 distinct types of synthetic tailoring of glycosides 391:441 To this end, systematic assessment of contributions to affinity and selectivity by distinct types of synthetic tailoring of glycosides is a salient step, here taken for the aglyconic modifications of two disaccharide core structures. 25407851 4 68 dep β-D- 784:787 arg1 → 791:791 1 → 4 789:793 1 → 4 789:793 The totally regioselective β-D-(1 → 4) galactosylation of a 6-O-TBDPSi-protected N-acetylglucosamine acceptor provided efficient access to the N-acetyllactosamine precursor. 25407851 5 69 gly glycoprotein 1111:1122 arg1 glycoprotein 1111:1122 a surface-presented glycoprotein 1091:1122 a surface-presented glycoprotein 1091:1122 The resulting compounds were then systematically tested for lectin reactivity in two binding assays of increasing biorelevance (inhibition of lectin binding to a surface-presented glycoprotein and to cell surfaces). 25407851 10 70 from sites 2178:2182 arg1 glycans 2187:2193 glycans 2187:2193 glycans 2187:2193 What can be accomplished in terms of affinity/selectivity by this type of core extension having been determined, the applied combined strategy should be instrumental for proceeding with defining structure-activity correlations at other bioinspired sites in glycans and beyond the tested lectin types. 25407851 7 71 dep 2.5-fold 1333:1340 arg1 to 1330:1331 to 1330:1331 to 1330:1331 This type of modification yielded up to 2.5-fold enhancement for prototype proteins, with further increases for galectins-3 and -4. 25407851 9 72 theme contact 1890:1896 arg1 site 1898:1901 the canonical contact site 1876:1901 the canonical contact site for the lactoside residue 1876:1927 The measurements confirmed the highest affinity against galectin-3 and detected chemical shift differences in its hydrophobic core upon ligand binding, besides common alterations around the canonical contact site for the lactoside residue. 25407851 8 73 theme p-nitrophenyl 1587:1599 arg1 inhibitor 1647:1655 a frequently tested standard inhibitor 1618:1655 a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone 1618:1687 Moreover, the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments enabled (1)H, (15)N HSQC-based measurements for hu- man galectins-1, -3, and -7 against p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside, a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone. 25407851 8 73 theme p-nitrophenyl 1587:1599 arg1 lactopyranoside 1601:1615 p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside 1587:1615 p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside 1587:1615 Moreover, the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments enabled (1)H, (15)N HSQC-based measurements for hu- man galectins-1, -3, and -7 against p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside, a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone. 25407851 0 74 theme modifications 35:47 arg1 potential 13:21 the potential 9:21 the potential of aglycone modifications for affinity/selectivity enhancement against medically relevant lectins 9:119 Defining the potential of aglycone modifications for affinity/selectivity enhancement against medically relevant lectins: synthesis, activity screening, and HSQC-based NMR analysis. 25407851 3 75 link O-linked 616:623 arg1 N-acetyllactosamines 625:644 eight O-linked N-acetyllactosamines 610:644 eight O-linked N-acetyllactosamines 610:644 Firstly we report the synthesis of seven N-linked-lactosides and of eight O-linked N-acetyllactosamines, each substituted with a 1,2,3-triazole unit, prepared by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). 25407851 3 75 link O-linked 616:623 arg1 each 647:650 each 647:650 each 647:650 Firstly we report the synthesis of seven N-linked-lactosides and of eight O-linked N-acetyllactosamines, each substituted with a 1,2,3-triazole unit, prepared by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). 25407851 3 76 theme 1,2,3-triazole 671:684 arg1 unit 686:689 a 1,2,3-triazole unit 669:689 a 1,2,3-triazole unit 669:689 Firstly we report the synthesis of seven N-linked-lactosides and of eight O-linked N-acetyllactosamines, each substituted with a 1,2,3-triazole unit, prepared by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). 25407851 4 77 theme efficient 876:884 arg1 access 886:891 efficient access 876:891 efficient access to the N-acetyllactosamine precursor 876:928 The totally regioselective β-D-(1 → 4) galactosylation of a 6-O-TBDPSi-protected N-acetylglucosamine acceptor provided efficient access to the N-acetyllactosamine precursor. 25407851 2 78 theme glycosides 432:441 arg1 tailoring 419:427 synthetic tailoring 409:427 synthetic tailoring of glycosides 409:441 To this end, systematic assessment of contributions to affinity and selectivity by distinct types of synthetic tailoring of glycosides is a salient step, here taken for the aglyconic modifications of two disaccharide core structures. 25407851 0 79 theme affinity/selectivity 53:72 arg1 enhancement 74:84 affinity/selectivity enhancement 53:84 affinity/selectivity enhancement against medically relevant lectins 53:119 Defining the potential of aglycone modifications for affinity/selectivity enhancement against medically relevant lectins: synthesis, activity screening, and HSQC-based NMR analysis. 25407851 6 80 theme inhibitory 1203:1212 arg1 potential 1214:1222 the relative inhibitory potential 1190:1222 the relative inhibitory potential with adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins (total of eight proteins) 1190:1290 As well as a plant toxin, we also screened the relative inhibitory potential with adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins (total of eight proteins). 25407851 9 81 theme lactoside 1911:1919 arg1 residue 1921:1927 the lactoside residue 1907:1927 the lactoside residue 1907:1927 The measurements confirmed the highest affinity against galectin-3 and detected chemical shift differences in its hydrophobic core upon ligand binding, besides common alterations around the canonical contact site for the lactoside residue. 25407851 3 82 theme azide-alkyne 721:732 arg1 CuAAC 749:753 CuAAC 749:753 CuAAC 749:753 Firstly we report the synthesis of seven N-linked-lactosides and of eight O-linked N-acetyllactosamines, each substituted with a 1,2,3-triazole unit, prepared by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). 25407851 3 82 theme azide-alkyne 721:732 arg1 cycloaddition 734:746 copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition 704:746 copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) 704:754 Firstly we report the synthesis of seven N-linked-lactosides and of eight O-linked N-acetyllactosamines, each substituted with a 1,2,3-triazole unit, prepared by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). 25407851 0 83 dep Defining 0:7 arg1 synthesis 122:130 synthesis 122:130 synthesis 122:130 Defining the potential of aglycone modifications for affinity/selectivity enhancement against medically relevant lectins: synthesis, activity screening, and HSQC-based NMR analysis. 25407851 0 83 dep Defining 0:7 arg1 analysis 172:179 HSQC-based NMR analysis 157:179 HSQC-based NMR analysis 157:179 Defining the potential of aglycone modifications for affinity/selectivity enhancement against medically relevant lectins: synthesis, activity screening, and HSQC-based NMR analysis. 25407851 0 83 dep Defining 0:7 arg1 screening 142:150 activity screening 133:150 activity screening 133:150 Defining the potential of aglycone modifications for affinity/selectivity enhancement against medically relevant lectins: synthesis, activity screening, and HSQC-based NMR analysis. 25407851 5 84 theme binding 1080:1086 arg1 inhibition 1059:1068 inhibition 1059:1068 inhibition of lectin binding to a surface-presented glycoprotein and to cell surfaces 1059:1143 The resulting compounds were then systematically tested for lectin reactivity in two binding assays of increasing biorelevance (inhibition of lectin binding to a surface-presented glycoprotein and to cell surfaces). 25407851 10 85 theme other 2160:2164 arg1 sites 2178:2182 other bioinspired sites 2160:2182 other bioinspired sites in glycans 2160:2193 What can be accomplished in terms of affinity/selectivity by this type of core extension having been determined, the applied combined strategy should be instrumental for proceeding with defining structure-activity correlations at other bioinspired sites in glycans and beyond the tested lectin types. 25407851 8 86 theme standard 1638:1645 arg1 inhibitor 1647:1655 a frequently tested standard inhibitor 1618:1655 a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone 1618:1687 Moreover, the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments enabled (1)H, (15)N HSQC-based measurements for hu- man galectins-1, -3, and -7 against p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside, a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone. 25407851 8 86 theme standard 1638:1645 arg1 lactopyranoside 1601:1615 p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside 1587:1615 p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside 1587:1615 Moreover, the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments enabled (1)H, (15)N HSQC-based measurements for hu- man galectins-1, -3, and -7 against p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside, a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone. 25407851 8 87 theme assignments 1487:1497 arg1 availability 1439:1450 the availability 1435:1450 the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments 1435:1497 Moreover, the availability of (15)N-labeled proteins and full assignments enabled (1)H, (15)N HSQC-based measurements for hu- man galectins-1, -3, and -7 against p-nitrophenyl lactopyranoside, a frequently tested standard inhibitor containing an aromatic aglycone. 25407851 2 88 theme contributions 346:358 arg1 step 456:459 a salient step 446:459 a salient step 446:459 To this end, systematic assessment of contributions to affinity and selectivity by distinct types of synthetic tailoring of glycosides is a salient step, here taken for the aglyconic modifications of two disaccharide core structures. 25407851 2 88 theme contributions 346:358 arg1 assessment 332:341 systematic assessment 321:341 systematic assessment of contributions to affinity and selectivity by distinct types of synthetic tailoring of glycosides 321:441 To this end, systematic assessment of contributions to affinity and selectivity by distinct types of synthetic tailoring of glycosides is a salient step, here taken for the aglyconic modifications of two disaccharide core structures. 25407851 7 89 theme 2.5-fold 1333:1340 arg1 enhancement 1342:1352 up to 2.5-fold enhancement 1327:1352 up to 2.5-fold enhancement for prototype proteins 1327:1375 This type of modification yielded up to 2.5-fold enhancement for prototype proteins, with further increases for galectins-3 and -4. 25407851 4 90 theme acceptor 858:865 arg1 galactosylation 796:810 The totally regioselective β-D-(1 → 4) galactosylation 757:810 The totally regioselective β-D-(1 → 4) galactosylation of a 6-O-TBDPSi-protected N-acetylglucosamine acceptor 757:865 The totally regioselective β-D-(1 → 4) galactosylation of a 6-O-TBDPSi-protected N-acetylglucosamine acceptor provided efficient access to the N-acetyllactosamine precursor. 25407851 2 91 theme distinct 391:398 arg1 types 400:404 distinct types 391:404 distinct types of synthetic tailoring of glycosides 391:441 To this end, systematic assessment of contributions to affinity and selectivity by distinct types of synthetic tailoring of glycosides is a salient step, here taken for the aglyconic modifications of two disaccharide core structures. 24158948 4 0 theme Porphyromonas 755:767 arg1 species 734:740 species 734:740 species 734:740 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 9 1 theme 40.7 1566:1569 arg1 contents 1528:1535 The genomic DNA G+C contents 1508:1535 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 1508:1559 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 were 40.7 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 24158948 9 1 theme 40.7 1566:1569 arg1 % 1583:1583 40.7 and 41.3 mol% 1566:1583 % 1583:1583 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 were 40.7 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 24158948 3 2 theme gene 441:444 arg1 sequence 446:453 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 428:453 the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) 428:511 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 9 3 theme 41.3 1575:1578 arg1 contents 1528:1535 The genomic DNA G+C contents 1508:1535 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 1508:1559 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 were 40.7 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 24158948 9 3 theme 41.3 1575:1578 arg1 % 1583:1583 40.7 and 41.3 mol% 1566:1583 % 1583:1583 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 were 40.7 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 24158948 3 4 theme Porphyromonas 614:626 arg1 species 593:599 the type species 584:599 the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica 584:657 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 9 5 theme DNA 1520:1522 arg1 contents 1528:1535 The genomic DNA G+C contents 1508:1535 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 1508:1559 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 were 40.7 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 24158948 9 5 theme DNA 1520:1522 arg1 % 1583:1583 40.7 and 41.3 mol% 1566:1583 % 1583:1583 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 were 40.7 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 24158948 9 6 theme G+C 1524:1526 arg1 contents 1528:1535 The genomic DNA G+C contents 1508:1535 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 1508:1559 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 were 40.7 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 24158948 9 6 theme G+C 1524:1526 arg1 % 1583:1583 40.7 and 41.3 mol% 1566:1583 % 1583:1583 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 were 40.7 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 24158948 3 7 theme type 462:465 arg1 strain 467:472 the type strain 458:472 the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) 458:511 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 1 8 attach isolated 51:58 arg2 nov. 45:48 nov. 45:48 nov. 45:48 nov., isolated from the post-partum bovine uterus, and emended description of the genus Porphyromonas Shah and Collins 1988. 24158948 1 8 attach isolated 51:58 arg1 uterus 88:93 the post-partum bovine uterus 65:93 the post-partum bovine uterus 65:93 nov., isolated from the post-partum bovine uterus, and emended description of the genus Porphyromonas Shah and Collins 1988. 24158948 3 9 theme Porphyromonas 629:641 arg1 Porphyromonas 614:626 the genus Porphyromonas 604:626 the genus Porphyromonas 604:626 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 3 9 theme Porphyromonas 629:641 arg1 asaccharolytica 643:657 Porphyromonas asaccharolytica 629:657 Porphyromonas asaccharolytica 629:657 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 3 10 theme crevioricanis 491:503 arg1 strain 467:472 the type strain 458:472 the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) 458:511 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 3 11 dep % 526:526 arg1 85.1 522:525 85.1 522:525 85.1 522:525 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 7 12 theme minor 1305:1309 arg1 glycolipid 1432:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 12 theme minor 1305:1309 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 12 theme minor 1305:1309 arg1 lipids 1294:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 12 theme minor 1305:1309 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 12 theme minor 1305:1309 arg1 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 12 theme minor 1305:1309 arg1 amounts 1311:1317 minor amounts 1305:1317 minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1305:1441 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 12 theme minor 1305:1309 arg1 aminolipid 1360:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 12 theme minor 1305:1309 arg1 phospholipid 1225:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 12 theme minor 1305:1309 arg1 second 1374:1379 second 1374:1379 second 1374:1379 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 10 13 theme novel 1791:1795 arg1 genus 1797:1801 a novel genus 1789:1801 a novel genus 1789:1801 Based on a polyphasic approach, including phylogenetic analysis, physiological and biochemical tests as well as metabolic fingerprinting, it is proposed that the two strains are members of a novel genus and species, for which the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov., sp. 24158948 10 14 theme physiological 1665:1677 arg1 tests 1695:1699 physiological and biochemical tests 1665:1699 physiological and biochemical tests 1665:1699 Based on a polyphasic approach, including phylogenetic analysis, physiological and biochemical tests as well as metabolic fingerprinting, it is proposed that the two strains are members of a novel genus and species, for which the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov., sp. 24158948 7 15 theme lipids 1294:1299 arg1 amounts 1172:1178 major amounts 1166:1178 major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids 1166:1299 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 15 theme lipids 1294:1299 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 15 theme lipids 1294:1299 arg1 lipids 1294:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 15 theme lipids 1294:1299 arg1 glycolipid 1432:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 15 theme lipids 1294:1299 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 15 theme lipids 1294:1299 arg1 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 15 theme lipids 1294:1299 arg1 amounts 1311:1317 minor amounts 1305:1317 minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1305:1441 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 15 theme lipids 1294:1299 arg1 aminolipid 1360:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 15 theme lipids 1294:1299 arg1 phospholipid 1225:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 15 theme lipids 1294:1299 arg1 second 1374:1379 second 1374:1379 second 1374:1379 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 12 16 theme 27210 1968:1972 arg1 T 1990:1990 T 1990:1990 T 1990:1990 The type strain of Falsiporphyromonas endometrii is LMM 40(T) ( = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267(T)). 24158948 12 16 theme 27210 1968:1972 arg1 64267 1984:1988  = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267 1961:1988  = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267(T) 1961:1991 The type strain of Falsiporphyromonas endometrii is LMM 40(T) ( = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267(T)). 24158948 2 17 theme bacterial 201:209 arg1 strains 211:217 Two black-pigmented, anaerobic bacterial strains 170:217 Two black-pigmented, anaerobic bacterial strains 170:217 Two black-pigmented, anaerobic bacterial strains, designated LMM 40(T) and LMM 41, were isolated from the bovine post-partum endometrium of two Holstein cows. 24158948 8 18 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1482:1500 arg1 acid 1502:1505 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1482:1505 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1482:1505 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24158948 1 19 theme emended 100:106 arg1 description 108:118 emended description 100:118 emended description of the genus Porphyromonas 100:145 nov., isolated from the post-partum bovine uterus, and emended description of the genus Porphyromonas Shah and Collins 1988. 24158948 3 20 theme rRNA 532:535 arg1 similarity 551:560 only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 517:560 only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica 517:657 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 7 21 theme unidentified 1419:1430 arg1 glycolipid 1432:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 22 theme aminophospholipid 1255:1271 arg1 amounts 1172:1178 major amounts 1166:1178 major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids 1166:1299 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 22 theme aminophospholipid 1255:1271 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 22 theme aminophospholipid 1255:1271 arg1 lipids 1294:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 22 theme aminophospholipid 1255:1271 arg1 glycolipid 1432:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 22 theme aminophospholipid 1255:1271 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 22 theme aminophospholipid 1255:1271 arg1 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 22 theme aminophospholipid 1255:1271 arg1 amounts 1311:1317 minor amounts 1305:1317 minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1305:1441 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 22 theme aminophospholipid 1255:1271 arg1 aminolipid 1360:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 22 theme aminophospholipid 1255:1271 arg1 phospholipid 1225:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 22 theme aminophospholipid 1255:1271 arg1 second 1374:1379 second 1374:1379 second 1374:1379 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 10 23 theme endometrii 1854:1863 arg1 nov. 1870:1873 the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov. 1826:1873 the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov. 1826:1873 Based on a polyphasic approach, including phylogenetic analysis, physiological and biochemical tests as well as metabolic fingerprinting, it is proposed that the two strains are members of a novel genus and species, for which the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov., sp. 24158948 10 24 theme biochemical 1683:1693 arg1 tests 1695:1699 physiological and biochemical tests 1665:1699 physiological and biochemical tests 1665:1699 Based on a polyphasic approach, including phylogenetic analysis, physiological and biochemical tests as well as metabolic fingerprinting, it is proposed that the two strains are members of a novel genus and species, for which the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov., sp. 24158948 1 25 theme genus 127:131 arg1 Porphyromonas 133:145 the genus Porphyromonas 123:145 the genus Porphyromonas 123:145 nov., isolated from the post-partum bovine uterus, and emended description of the genus Porphyromonas Shah and Collins 1988. 24158948 12 26 theme Falsiporphyromonas 1917:1934 arg1 endometrii 1936:1945 Falsiporphyromonas endometrii 1917:1945 Falsiporphyromonas endometrii 1917:1945 The type strain of Falsiporphyromonas endometrii is LMM 40(T) ( = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267(T)). 24158948 10 27 theme name 1830:1833 arg1 nov. 1870:1873 the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov. 1826:1873 the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov. 1826:1873 Based on a polyphasic approach, including phylogenetic analysis, physiological and biochemical tests as well as metabolic fingerprinting, it is proposed that the two strains are members of a novel genus and species, for which the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov., sp. 24158948 7 28 theme phospholipid 1225:1236 arg1 amounts 1172:1178 major amounts 1166:1178 major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids 1166:1299 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 28 theme phospholipid 1225:1236 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 28 theme phospholipid 1225:1236 arg1 lipids 1294:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 28 theme phospholipid 1225:1236 arg1 glycolipid 1432:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 28 theme phospholipid 1225:1236 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 28 theme phospholipid 1225:1236 arg1 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 28 theme phospholipid 1225:1236 arg1 amounts 1311:1317 minor amounts 1305:1317 minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1305:1441 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 28 theme phospholipid 1225:1236 arg1 aminolipid 1360:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 28 theme phospholipid 1225:1236 arg1 phospholipid 1225:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 28 theme phospholipid 1225:1236 arg1 second 1374:1379 second 1374:1379 second 1374:1379 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 4 29 theme fatty 670:674 arg1 similar 714:720 similar 714:720 similar 714:720 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 29 theme fatty 670:674 arg1 profiles 681:688 The major fatty acid profiles 660:688 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains 660:707 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 30 theme moderate 822:829 arg1 amounts 831:837 moderate amounts 822:837 moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0) 822:898 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 30 theme moderate 822:829 arg1 iso-C 781:785 iso-C(15 : 0) 781:793 iso-C(15 : 0) 781:793 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 30 theme moderate 822:829 arg1 anteiso-C 842:850 anteiso-C(15 : 0) 842:858 anteiso-C(15 : 0) 842:858 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 30 theme moderate 822:829 arg1 iso-C 861:865 iso-C(13 : 0) 861:873 iso-C(13 : 0) 861:873 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 30 theme moderate 822:829 arg1 C 890:890 C(16 : 0) 890:898 C(16 : 0) 890:898 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 30 theme moderate 822:829 arg1 C 876:876 C(15 : 0) 876:884 C(15 : 0) 876:884 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 13 31 theme Porphyromonas 2031:2043 arg1 description 2006:2016 An emended description 1995:2016 An emended description of the genus Porphyromonas 1995:2043 An emended description of the genus Porphyromonas is also presented. 24158948 7 32 theme aminolipid 1360:1369 arg1 amounts 1172:1178 major amounts 1166:1178 major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids 1166:1299 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 32 theme aminolipid 1360:1369 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 32 theme aminolipid 1360:1369 arg1 lipids 1294:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 32 theme aminolipid 1360:1369 arg1 glycolipid 1432:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 32 theme aminolipid 1360:1369 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 32 theme aminolipid 1360:1369 arg1 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 32 theme aminolipid 1360:1369 arg1 amounts 1311:1317 minor amounts 1305:1317 minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1305:1441 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 32 theme aminolipid 1360:1369 arg1 aminolipid 1360:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 32 theme aminolipid 1360:1369 arg1 phospholipid 1225:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 32 theme aminolipid 1360:1369 arg1 second 1374:1379 second 1374:1379 second 1374:1379 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 4 33 theme iso-C 861:865 arg1 amounts 831:837 moderate amounts 822:837 moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0) 822:898 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 33 theme iso-C 861:865 arg1 iso-C 781:785 iso-C(15 : 0) 781:793 iso-C(15 : 0) 781:793 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 33 theme iso-C 861:865 arg1 anteiso-C 842:850 anteiso-C(15 : 0) 842:858 anteiso-C(15 : 0) 842:858 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 33 theme iso-C 861:865 arg1 iso-C 861:865 iso-C(13 : 0) 861:873 iso-C(13 : 0) 861:873 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 33 theme iso-C 861:865 arg1 C 890:890 C(16 : 0) 890:898 C(16 : 0) 890:898 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 33 theme iso-C 861:865 arg1 component 808:816 the major component 798:816 the major component 798:816 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 33 theme iso-C 861:865 arg1 C 876:876 C(15 : 0) 876:884 C(15 : 0) 876:884 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 0 34 theme Falsiporphyromonas 0:17 arg1 nov. 35:38 Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov. 0:38 Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov. 0:38 Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov., sp. 24158948 1 35 theme bovine 81:86 arg1 uterus 88:93 the post-partum bovine uterus 65:93 the post-partum bovine uterus 65:93 nov., isolated from the post-partum bovine uterus, and emended description of the genus Porphyromonas Shah and Collins 1988. 24158948 0 36 theme gen. 30:33 arg1 nov. 35:38 Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov. 0:38 Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov. 0:38 Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov., sp. 24158948 7 37 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 arg1 amounts 1172:1178 major amounts 1166:1178 major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids 1166:1299 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 37 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 37 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 arg1 lipids 1294:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 37 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 arg1 glycolipid 1432:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 37 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 37 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 arg1 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 37 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 arg1 amounts 1311:1317 minor amounts 1305:1317 minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1305:1441 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 37 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 arg1 aminolipid 1360:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 37 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 arg1 phospholipid 1225:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 37 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 arg1 second 1374:1379 second 1374:1379 second 1374:1379 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 9 38 theme LMM 1540:1542 arg1 contents 1528:1535 The genomic DNA G+C contents 1508:1535 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 1508:1559 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 were 40.7 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 24158948 9 38 theme LMM 1540:1542 arg1 % 1583:1583 40.7 and 41.3 mol% 1566:1583 % 1583:1583 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 were 40.7 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 24158948 8 39 contain contained 1472:1480 arg1 peptidoglycan 1458:1470 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1444:1470 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1444:1470 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24158948 8 39 contain contained 1472:1480 arg2 acid 1502:1505 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1482:1505 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1482:1505 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24158948 7 40 theme major 1166:1170 arg1 amounts 1172:1178 major amounts 1166:1178 major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids 1166:1299 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 40 theme major 1166:1170 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 40 theme major 1166:1170 arg1 lipids 1294:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 40 theme major 1166:1170 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 40 theme major 1166:1170 arg1 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 40 theme major 1166:1170 arg1 aminolipid 1360:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 40 theme major 1166:1170 arg1 phospholipid 1225:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 40 theme major 1166:1170 arg1 glycolipid 1432:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 40 theme major 1166:1170 arg1 second 1374:1379 second 1374:1379 second 1374:1379 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 3 41 theme gene 342:345 arg1 sequences 347:355 The 16S rRNA gene sequences 329:355 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains 329:374 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 3 41 theme gene 342:345 arg1 identical 381:389 identical 381:389 identical 381:389 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 12 42 dep LMM 1950:1952 arg1 T 1990:1990 T 1990:1990 T 1990:1990 The type strain of Falsiporphyromonas endometrii is LMM 40(T) ( = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267(T)). 24158948 12 42 dep LMM 1950:1952 arg1 64267 1984:1988  = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267 1961:1988  = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267(T) 1961:1991 The type strain of Falsiporphyromonas endometrii is LMM 40(T) ( = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267(T)). 24158948 3 43 theme sequence 542:549 arg1 similarity 551:560 only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 517:560 only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica 517:657 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 5 44 theme Hydroxylated 901:912 arg1 3-OH 992:995 iso-C(14 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(16 : 0) 3-OH and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH 935:995 iso-C(14 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(16 : 0) 3-OH and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH 935:995 Hydroxylated fatty acids, such as iso-C(14 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(16 : 0) 3-OH and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH, were also detected. 24158948 5 44 theme Hydroxylated 901:912 arg1 acids 920:924 Hydroxylated fatty acids 901:924 Hydroxylated fatty acids 901:924 Hydroxylated fatty acids, such as iso-C(14 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(16 : 0) 3-OH and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH, were also detected. 24158948 2 45 theme bovine 276:281 arg1 endometrium 295:305 the bovine post-partum endometrium 272:305 the bovine post-partum endometrium of two Holstein cows 272:326 Two black-pigmented, anaerobic bacterial strains, designated LMM 40(T) and LMM 41, were isolated from the bovine post-partum endometrium of two Holstein cows. 24158948 7 46 theme polar 1135:1139 arg1 profiles 1147:1154 The polar lipid profiles 1131:1154 The polar lipid profiles 1131:1154 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 9 47 theme LMM 1554:1556 arg1 contents 1528:1535 The genomic DNA G+C contents 1508:1535 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 1508:1559 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 were 40.7 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 24158948 9 47 theme LMM 1554:1556 arg1 % 1583:1583 40.7 and 41.3 mol% 1566:1583 % 1583:1583 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 were 40.7 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 24158948 3 48 theme type 569:572 arg1 strain 574:579 the type strain 565:579 the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica 565:657 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 4 49 theme strains 701:707 arg1 similar 714:720 similar 714:720 similar 714:720 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 49 theme strains 701:707 arg1 profiles 681:688 The major fatty acid profiles 660:688 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains 660:707 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 2 50 theme cows 323:326 arg1 endometrium 295:305 the bovine post-partum endometrium 272:305 the bovine post-partum endometrium of two Holstein cows 272:326 Two black-pigmented, anaerobic bacterial strains, designated LMM 40(T) and LMM 41, were isolated from the bovine post-partum endometrium of two Holstein cows. 24158948 6 51 theme major 1114:1118 arg1 polyamine 1120:1128 the major polyamine 1110:1128 the major polyamine 1110:1128 The quinone profiles were dominated by the menaquinones MK-8 and MK-9, while spermidine was the major polyamine. 24158948 6 51 theme major 1114:1118 arg1 spermidine 1095:1104 spermidine 1095:1104 spermidine 1095:1104 The quinone profiles were dominated by the menaquinones MK-8 and MK-9, while spermidine was the major polyamine. 24158948 5 52 theme 3-OH 949:952 arg1 iso-C 955:959 iso-C(14 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(16 : 0) 935:967 iso-C 955:959 Hydroxylated fatty acids, such as iso-C(14 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(16 : 0) 3-OH and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH, were also detected. 24158948 3 53 theme rRNA 436:439 arg1 sequence 446:453 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 428:453 the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) 428:511 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 5 54 theme iso-C 935:939 arg1 iso-C 955:959 iso-C(14 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(16 : 0) 935:967 iso-C 955:959 Hydroxylated fatty acids, such as iso-C(14 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(16 : 0) 3-OH and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH, were also detected. 24158948 4 55 theme genus 749:753 arg1 Porphyromonas 755:767 the genus Porphyromonas 745:767 the genus Porphyromonas 745:767 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 12 56 theme T 1974:1974 arg1 T 1990:1990 T 1990:1990 T 1990:1990 The type strain of Falsiporphyromonas endometrii is LMM 40(T) ( = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267(T)). 24158948 12 56 theme T 1974:1974 arg1 64267 1984:1988  = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267 1961:1988  = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267(T) 1961:1991 The type strain of Falsiporphyromonas endometrii is LMM 40(T) ( = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267(T)). 24158948 3 57 theme type 588:591 arg1 species 593:599 the type species 584:599 the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica 584:657 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 3 58 theme strain 467:472 arg1 sequence 446:453 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 428:453 the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) 428:511 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 9 59 theme mol 1580:1582 arg1 contents 1528:1535 The genomic DNA G+C contents 1508:1535 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 1508:1559 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 were 40.7 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 24158948 9 59 theme mol 1580:1582 arg1 % 1583:1583 40.7 and 41.3 mol% 1566:1583 % 1583:1583 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 were 40.7 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 24158948 12 60 theme  = CCUG 1976:1982 arg1 T 1990:1990 T 1990:1990 T 1990:1990 The type strain of Falsiporphyromonas endometrii is LMM 40(T) ( = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267(T)). 24158948 12 60 theme  = CCUG 1976:1982 arg1 64267 1984:1988  = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267 1961:1988  = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267(T) 1961:1991 The type strain of Falsiporphyromonas endometrii is LMM 40(T) ( = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267(T)). 24158948 3 61 theme genus 608:612 arg1 Porphyromonas 614:626 the genus Porphyromonas 604:626 the genus Porphyromonas 604:626 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 3 61 theme genus 608:612 arg1 asaccharolytica 643:657 Porphyromonas asaccharolytica 629:657 Porphyromonas asaccharolytica 629:657 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 7 62 contain contained 1156:1164 arg2 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 62 contain contained 1156:1164 arg2 amounts 1311:1317 minor amounts 1305:1317 minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1305:1441 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 62 contain contained 1156:1164 arg2 aminolipid 1360:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 62 contain contained 1156:1164 arg2 second 1374:1379 second 1374:1379 second 1374:1379 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 62 contain contained 1156:1164 arg2 amounts 1172:1178 major amounts 1166:1178 major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids 1166:1299 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 62 contain contained 1156:1164 arg2 phospholipid 1225:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 62 contain contained 1156:1164 arg1 profiles 1147:1154 The polar lipid profiles 1131:1154 The polar lipid profiles 1131:1154 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 62 contain contained 1156:1164 arg2 lipids 1294:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 62 contain contained 1156:1164 arg2 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 62 contain contained 1156:1164 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 62 contain contained 1156:1164 arg2 glycolipid 1432:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 2 63 attach isolated 258:265 arg1 endometrium 295:305 the bovine post-partum endometrium 272:305 the bovine post-partum endometrium of two Holstein cows 272:326 Two black-pigmented, anaerobic bacterial strains, designated LMM 40(T) and LMM 41, were isolated from the bovine post-partum endometrium of two Holstein cows. 24158948 2 63 attach isolated 258:265 arg2 strains 211:217 Two black-pigmented, anaerobic bacterial strains 170:217 Two black-pigmented, anaerobic bacterial strains 170:217 Two black-pigmented, anaerobic bacterial strains, designated LMM 40(T) and LMM 41, were isolated from the bovine post-partum endometrium of two Holstein cows. 24158948 10 64 theme species 1807:1813 arg1 members 1778:1784 members 1778:1784 members 1778:1784 Based on a polyphasic approach, including phylogenetic analysis, physiological and biochemical tests as well as metabolic fingerprinting, it is proposed that the two strains are members of a novel genus and species, for which the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov., sp. 24158948 10 64 theme species 1807:1813 arg1 strains 1766:1772 the two strains 1758:1772 the two strains 1758:1772 Based on a polyphasic approach, including phylogenetic analysis, physiological and biochemical tests as well as metabolic fingerprinting, it is proposed that the two strains are members of a novel genus and species, for which the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov., sp. 24158948 3 65 theme Porphyromonas 477:489 arg1 crevioricanis 491:503 Porphyromonas crevioricanis 477:503 Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) 477:511 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 3 65 theme Porphyromonas 477:489 arg1 % 510:510 90.2% 506:510 90.2% 506:510 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 12 66 theme  = DSM 1961:1966 arg1 T 1990:1990 T 1990:1990 T 1990:1990 The type strain of Falsiporphyromonas endometrii is LMM 40(T) ( = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267(T)). 24158948 12 66 theme  = DSM 1961:1966 arg1 64267 1984:1988  = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267 1961:1988  = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267(T) 1961:1991 The type strain of Falsiporphyromonas endometrii is LMM 40(T) ( = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267(T)). 24158948 4 67 theme C 890:890 arg1 amounts 831:837 moderate amounts 822:837 moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0) 822:898 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 67 theme C 890:890 arg1 iso-C 781:785 iso-C(15 : 0) 781:793 iso-C(15 : 0) 781:793 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 67 theme C 890:890 arg1 anteiso-C 842:850 anteiso-C(15 : 0) 842:858 anteiso-C(15 : 0) 842:858 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 67 theme C 890:890 arg1 iso-C 861:865 iso-C(13 : 0) 861:873 iso-C(13 : 0) 861:873 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 67 theme C 890:890 arg1 C 890:890 C(16 : 0) 890:898 C(16 : 0) 890:898 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 67 theme C 890:890 arg1 component 808:816 the major component 798:816 the major component 798:816 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 67 theme C 890:890 arg1 C 876:876 C(15 : 0) 876:884 C(15 : 0) 876:884 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 2 68 theme post-partum 283:293 arg1 endometrium 295:305 the bovine post-partum endometrium 272:305 the bovine post-partum endometrium of two Holstein cows 272:326 Two black-pigmented, anaerobic bacterial strains, designated LMM 40(T) and LMM 41, were isolated from the bovine post-partum endometrium of two Holstein cows. 24158948 7 69 theme unidentified 1281:1292 arg1 lipids 1294:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 8 70 theme cell-wall 1448:1456 arg1 peptidoglycan 1458:1470 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1444:1470 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1444:1470 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24158948 10 71 theme phylogenetic 1642:1653 arg1 analysis 1655:1662 phylogenetic analysis 1642:1662 phylogenetic analysis 1642:1662 Based on a polyphasic approach, including phylogenetic analysis, physiological and biochemical tests as well as metabolic fingerprinting, it is proposed that the two strains are members of a novel genus and species, for which the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov., sp. 24158948 3 72 theme 16S 528:530 arg1 similarity 551:560 only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 517:560 only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica 517:657 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 10 73 theme genus 1797:1801 arg1 members 1778:1784 members 1778:1784 members 1778:1784 Based on a polyphasic approach, including phylogenetic analysis, physiological and biochemical tests as well as metabolic fingerprinting, it is proposed that the two strains are members of a novel genus and species, for which the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov., sp. 24158948 10 73 theme genus 1797:1801 arg1 strains 1766:1772 the two strains 1758:1772 the two strains 1758:1772 Based on a polyphasic approach, including phylogenetic analysis, physiological and biochemical tests as well as metabolic fingerprinting, it is proposed that the two strains are members of a novel genus and species, for which the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov., sp. 24158948 10 74 theme gen. 1865:1868 arg1 nov. 1870:1873 the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov. 1826:1873 the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov. 1826:1873 Based on a polyphasic approach, including phylogenetic analysis, physiological and biochemical tests as well as metabolic fingerprinting, it is proposed that the two strains are members of a novel genus and species, for which the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov., sp. 24158948 5 75 theme 3-OH 969:972 arg1 3-OH 992:995 iso-C(14 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(16 : 0) 3-OH and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH 935:995 iso-C(14 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(16 : 0) 3-OH and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH 935:995 Hydroxylated fatty acids, such as iso-C(14 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(16 : 0) 3-OH and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH, were also detected. 24158948 7 76 theme glycolipid 1432:1441 arg1 amounts 1172:1178 major amounts 1166:1178 major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids 1166:1299 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 76 theme glycolipid 1432:1441 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 76 theme glycolipid 1432:1441 arg1 lipids 1294:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 76 theme glycolipid 1432:1441 arg1 glycolipid 1432:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 76 theme glycolipid 1432:1441 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 76 theme glycolipid 1432:1441 arg1 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 76 theme glycolipid 1432:1441 arg1 amounts 1311:1317 minor amounts 1305:1317 minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1305:1441 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 76 theme glycolipid 1432:1441 arg1 aminolipid 1360:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 76 theme glycolipid 1432:1441 arg1 phospholipid 1225:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 76 theme glycolipid 1432:1441 arg1 second 1374:1379 second 1374:1379 second 1374:1379 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 12 77 theme endometrii 1936:1945 arg1 strain 1907:1912 The type strain 1898:1912 The type strain of Falsiporphyromonas endometrii 1898:1945 The type strain of Falsiporphyromonas endometrii is LMM 40(T) ( = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267(T)). 24158948 12 77 theme endometrii 1936:1945 arg1 LMM 1950:1952 LMM 40 1950:1955 LMM 40(T) ( = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267(T)) 1950:1992 The type strain of Falsiporphyromonas endometrii is LMM 40(T) ( = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267(T)). 24158948 10 78 theme Falsiporphyromonas 1835:1852 arg1 nov. 1870:1873 the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov. 1826:1873 the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov. 1826:1873 Based on a polyphasic approach, including phylogenetic analysis, physiological and biochemical tests as well as metabolic fingerprinting, it is proposed that the two strains are members of a novel genus and species, for which the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov., sp. 24158948 5 79 theme iso-C 955:959 arg1 3-OH 969:972 iso-C(14 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(16 : 0) 3-OH 935:972 iso-C(14 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(16 : 0) 3-OH 935:972 Hydroxylated fatty acids, such as iso-C(14 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(16 : 0) 3-OH and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH, were also detected. 24158948 6 80 theme quinone 1022:1028 arg1 profiles 1030:1037 The quinone profiles 1018:1037 The quinone profiles 1018:1037 The quinone profiles were dominated by the menaquinones MK-8 and MK-9, while spermidine was the major polyamine. 24158948 1 81 theme Porphyromonas 133:145 arg1 description 108:118 emended description 100:118 emended description of the genus Porphyromonas 100:145 nov., isolated from the post-partum bovine uterus, and emended description of the genus Porphyromonas Shah and Collins 1988. 24158948 1 81 theme Porphyromonas 133:145 arg1 nov. 45:48 nov. 45:48 nov. 45:48 nov., isolated from the post-partum bovine uterus, and emended description of the genus Porphyromonas Shah and Collins 1988. 24158948 4 82 contain containing 770:779 arg2 iso-C 781:785 iso-C(15 : 0) 781:793 iso-C(15 : 0) 781:793 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 82 contain containing 770:779 arg2 C 890:890 C(16 : 0) 890:898 C(16 : 0) 890:898 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 82 contain containing 770:779 arg2 C 876:876 C(15 : 0) 876:884 C(15 : 0) 876:884 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 82 contain containing 770:779 arg2 component 808:816 the major component 798:816 the major component 798:816 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 82 contain containing 770:779 arg2 amounts 831:837 moderate amounts 822:837 moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0) 822:898 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 82 contain containing 770:779 arg2 iso-C 861:865 iso-C(13 : 0) 861:873 iso-C(13 : 0) 861:873 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 82 contain containing 770:779 arg2 anteiso-C 842:850 anteiso-C(15 : 0) 842:858 anteiso-C(15 : 0) 842:858 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 82 contain containing 770:779 arg1 species 734:740 species 734:740 species 734:740 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 7 83 theme unidentified 1212:1223 arg1 phospholipid 1225:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 4 84 theme anteiso-C 842:850 arg1 amounts 831:837 moderate amounts 822:837 moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0) 822:898 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 84 theme anteiso-C 842:850 arg1 iso-C 781:785 iso-C(15 : 0) 781:793 iso-C(15 : 0) 781:793 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 84 theme anteiso-C 842:850 arg1 anteiso-C 842:850 anteiso-C(15 : 0) 842:858 anteiso-C(15 : 0) 842:858 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 84 theme anteiso-C 842:850 arg1 iso-C 861:865 iso-C(13 : 0) 861:873 iso-C(13 : 0) 861:873 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 84 theme anteiso-C 842:850 arg1 C 890:890 C(16 : 0) 890:898 C(16 : 0) 890:898 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 84 theme anteiso-C 842:850 arg1 component 808:816 the major component 798:816 the major component 798:816 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 84 theme anteiso-C 842:850 arg1 C 876:876 C(15 : 0) 876:884 C(15 : 0) 876:884 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 10 85 theme metabolic 1712:1720 arg1 fingerprinting 1722:1735 metabolic fingerprinting 1712:1735 metabolic fingerprinting 1712:1735 Based on a polyphasic approach, including phylogenetic analysis, physiological and biochemical tests as well as metabolic fingerprinting, it is proposed that the two strains are members of a novel genus and species, for which the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov., sp. 24158948 10 86 dep sp 1876:1877 arg1 nov. 1870:1873 the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov. 1826:1873 the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov. 1826:1873 Based on a polyphasic approach, including phylogenetic analysis, physiological and biochemical tests as well as metabolic fingerprinting, it is proposed that the two strains are members of a novel genus and species, for which the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov., sp. 24158948 4 87 theme major 802:806 arg1 iso-C 781:785 iso-C(15 : 0) 781:793 iso-C(15 : 0) 781:793 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 87 theme major 802:806 arg1 component 808:816 the major component 798:816 the major component 798:816 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 12 88 theme type 1902:1905 arg1 strain 1907:1912 The type strain 1898:1912 The type strain of Falsiporphyromonas endometrii 1898:1945 The type strain of Falsiporphyromonas endometrii is LMM 40(T) ( = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267(T)). 24158948 12 88 theme type 1902:1905 arg1 LMM 1950:1952 LMM 40 1950:1955 LMM 40(T) ( = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267(T)) 1950:1992 The type strain of Falsiporphyromonas endometrii is LMM 40(T) ( = DSM 27210(T) = CCUG 64267(T)). 24158948 4 89 theme major 664:668 arg1 similar 714:720 similar 714:720 similar 714:720 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 89 theme major 664:668 arg1 profiles 681:688 The major fatty acid profiles 660:688 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains 660:707 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 13 90 theme genus 2025:2029 arg1 Porphyromonas 2031:2043 the genus Porphyromonas 2021:2043 the genus Porphyromonas 2021:2043 An emended description of the genus Porphyromonas is also presented. 24158948 7 91 theme second 1374:1379 arg1 amounts 1172:1178 major amounts 1166:1178 major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids 1166:1299 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 91 theme second 1374:1379 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 91 theme second 1374:1379 arg1 lipids 1294:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 91 theme second 1374:1379 arg1 glycolipid 1432:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 91 theme second 1374:1379 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 91 theme second 1374:1379 arg1 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 91 theme second 1374:1379 arg1 amounts 1311:1317 minor amounts 1305:1317 minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1305:1441 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 91 theme second 1374:1379 arg1 aminolipid 1360:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 91 theme second 1374:1379 arg1 phospholipid 1225:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 91 theme second 1374:1379 arg1 second 1374:1379 second 1374:1379 second 1374:1379 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 9 92 theme genomic 1512:1518 arg1 contents 1528:1535 The genomic DNA G+C contents 1508:1535 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 1508:1559 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 were 40.7 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 24158948 9 92 theme genomic 1512:1518 arg1 % 1583:1583 40.7 and 41.3 mol% 1566:1583 % 1583:1583 The genomic DNA G+C contents of LMM 40(T) and LMM 41 were 40.7 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 24158948 7 93 dep unidentified 1381:1392 arg1 aminophospholipid 1394:1410 aminophospholipid 1394:1410 aminophospholipid 1394:1410 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 4 94 theme acid 676:679 arg1 similar 714:720 similar 714:720 similar 714:720 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 94 theme acid 676:679 arg1 profiles 681:688 The major fatty acid profiles 660:688 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains 660:707 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 0 95 theme endometrii 19:28 arg1 nov. 35:38 Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov. 0:38 Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov. 0:38 Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov., sp. 24158948 10 96 theme polyphasic 1611:1620 arg1 approach 1622:1629 a polyphasic approach 1609:1629 a polyphasic approach 1609:1629 Based on a polyphasic approach, including phylogenetic analysis, physiological and biochemical tests as well as metabolic fingerprinting, it is proposed that the two strains are members of a novel genus and species, for which the name Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov., sp. 24158948 1 97 theme post-partum 69:79 arg1 uterus 88:93 the post-partum bovine uterus 65:93 the post-partum bovine uterus 65:93 nov., isolated from the post-partum bovine uterus, and emended description of the genus Porphyromonas Shah and Collins 1988. 24158948 3 98 theme rRNA 337:340 arg1 sequences 347:355 The 16S rRNA gene sequences 329:355 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains 329:374 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 3 98 theme rRNA 337:340 arg1 identical 381:389 identical 381:389 identical 381:389 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 1 99 dep Shah 147:150 arg1 description 108:118 emended description 100:118 emended description of the genus Porphyromonas 100:145 nov., isolated from the post-partum bovine uterus, and emended description of the genus Porphyromonas Shah and Collins 1988. 24158948 1 99 dep Shah 147:150 arg1 nov. 45:48 nov. 45:48 nov. 45:48 nov., isolated from the post-partum bovine uterus, and emended description of the genus Porphyromonas Shah and Collins 1988. 24158948 5 100 theme iso-C 978:982 arg1 3-OH 992:995 iso-C(14 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(16 : 0) 3-OH and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH 935:995 iso-C(14 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(16 : 0) 3-OH and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH 935:995 Hydroxylated fatty acids, such as iso-C(14 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(16 : 0) 3-OH and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH, were also detected. 24158948 3 101 theme strains 368:374 arg1 sequences 347:355 The 16S rRNA gene sequences 329:355 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains 329:374 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 3 101 theme strains 368:374 arg1 identical 381:389 identical 381:389 identical 381:389 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 13 102 theme emended 1998:2004 arg1 description 2006:2016 An emended description 1995:2016 An emended description of the genus Porphyromonas 1995:2043 An emended description of the genus Porphyromonas is also presented. 24158948 7 103 theme unidentified 1347:1358 arg1 aminolipid 1360:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 3 104 theme highest 406:412 arg1 similarity 414:423 the highest similarity 402:423 the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) 402:511 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 6 105 dep menaquinones 1061:1072 arg1 menaquinones 1061:1072 the menaquinones MK-8 and MK-9 1057:1086 the menaquinones MK-8 and MK-9 1057:1086 The quinone profiles were dominated by the menaquinones MK-8 and MK-9, while spermidine was the major polyamine. 24158948 6 105 dep menaquinones 1061:1072 arg1 MK-9 1083:1086 MK-9 1083:1086 MK-9 1083:1086 The quinone profiles were dominated by the menaquinones MK-8 and MK-9, while spermidine was the major polyamine. 24158948 6 105 dep menaquinones 1061:1072 arg1 MK-8 1074:1077 MK-8 1074:1077 MK-8 1074:1077 The quinone profiles were dominated by the menaquinones MK-8 and MK-9, while spermidine was the major polyamine. 24158948 7 106 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 arg1 amounts 1172:1178 major amounts 1166:1178 major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids 1166:1299 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 106 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 phosphatidylglycerol 1322:1341 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 106 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 arg1 lipids 1294:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 two unidentified lipids 1277:1299 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 106 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 arg1 glycolipid 1432:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 an unidentified glycolipid 1416:1441 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 106 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 106 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 arg1 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 aminophospholipid 1255:1271 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 106 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 arg1 amounts 1311:1317 minor amounts 1305:1317 minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid 1305:1441 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 106 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 arg1 aminolipid 1360:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 an unidentified aminolipid 1344:1369 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 106 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 arg1 phospholipid 1225:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 an unidentified phospholipid 1209:1236 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 7 106 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1183:1206 arg1 second 1374:1379 second 1374:1379 second 1374:1379 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 3 107 theme gene 537:540 arg1 similarity 551:560 only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 517:560 only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica 517:657 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 3 108 dep similarity 551:560 arg1 % 526:526 % 526:526 % 526:526 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 0 109 dep sp 41:42 arg1 nov. 35:38 Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov. 0:38 Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov. 0:38 Falsiporphyromonas endometrii gen. nov., sp. 24158948 3 110 theme 16S 432:434 arg1 rRNA 436:439 the 16S rRNA 428:439 the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) 428:511 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 5 111 theme fatty 914:918 arg1 3-OH 992:995 iso-C(14 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(16 : 0) 3-OH and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH 935:995 iso-C(14 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(16 : 0) 3-OH and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH 935:995 Hydroxylated fatty acids, such as iso-C(14 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(16 : 0) 3-OH and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH, were also detected. 24158948 5 111 theme fatty 914:918 arg1 acids 920:924 Hydroxylated fatty acids 901:924 Hydroxylated fatty acids 901:924 Hydroxylated fatty acids, such as iso-C(14 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(16 : 0) 3-OH and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH, were also detected. 24158948 4 112 theme C 876:876 arg1 amounts 831:837 moderate amounts 822:837 moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0) 822:898 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 112 theme C 876:876 arg1 iso-C 781:785 iso-C(15 : 0) 781:793 iso-C(15 : 0) 781:793 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 112 theme C 876:876 arg1 anteiso-C 842:850 anteiso-C(15 : 0) 842:858 anteiso-C(15 : 0) 842:858 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 112 theme C 876:876 arg1 iso-C 861:865 iso-C(13 : 0) 861:873 iso-C(13 : 0) 861:873 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 112 theme C 876:876 arg1 C 890:890 C(16 : 0) 890:898 C(16 : 0) 890:898 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 112 theme C 876:876 arg1 component 808:816 the major component 798:816 the major component 798:816 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 4 112 theme C 876:876 arg1 C 876:876 C(15 : 0) 876:884 C(15 : 0) 876:884 The major fatty acid profiles of the two strains were similar to those of species of the genus Porphyromonas, containing iso-C(15 : 0) as the major component and moderate amounts of anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(13 : 0), C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). 24158948 2 113 dep black-pigmented 174:188 arg1 anaerobic 191:199 anaerobic 191:199 anaerobic 191:199 Two black-pigmented, anaerobic bacterial strains, designated LMM 40(T) and LMM 41, were isolated from the bovine post-partum endometrium of two Holstein cows. 24158948 2 114 theme black-pigmented 174:188 arg1 strains 211:217 Two black-pigmented, anaerobic bacterial strains 170:217 Two black-pigmented, anaerobic bacterial strains 170:217 Two black-pigmented, anaerobic bacterial strains, designated LMM 40(T) and LMM 41, were isolated from the bovine post-partum endometrium of two Holstein cows. 24158948 2 115 theme Holstein 314:321 arg1 cows 323:326 two Holstein cows 310:326 two Holstein cows 310:326 Two black-pigmented, anaerobic bacterial strains, designated LMM 40(T) and LMM 41, were isolated from the bovine post-partum endometrium of two Holstein cows. 24158948 7 116 theme lipid 1141:1145 arg1 profiles 1147:1154 The polar lipid profiles 1131:1154 The polar lipid profiles 1131:1154 The polar lipid profiles contained major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, a second unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. 24158948 3 117 theme species 593:599 arg1 strain 574:579 the type strain 565:579 the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica 565:657 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 3 118 theme 16S 333:335 arg1 sequences 347:355 The 16S rRNA gene sequences 329:355 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains 329:374 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 24158948 3 118 theme 16S 333:335 arg1 identical 381:389 identical 381:389 identical 381:389 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and showed the highest similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Porphyromonas crevioricanis (90.2%) but only 85.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. 28784489 2 0 theme short- 438:443 arg1 acids 470:474 short- and branched-chain fatty acids 438:474 short- and branched-chain fatty acids 438:474 SHIME® model was used to investigate to assess changes in microbial composition and fermentation metabolites (short- and branched-chain fatty acids and ammonium), as well as under the antioxidant capacity. 28784489 1 1 theme Human 281:285 arg1 SHIME® 319:324 Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) 281:325 Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) 281:325 The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of grape probiotic fermented beverages made of goat milk, with or without added grape pomace on gut microbiota in a Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). 28784489 1 2 from effect 145:150 arg1 microbiota 252:261 gut microbiota 248:261 gut microbiota 248:261 The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of grape probiotic fermented beverages made of goat milk, with or without added grape pomace on gut microbiota in a Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). 28784489 3 3 theme oleic 658:662 arg1 fiber 651:655 dietary fiber 643:655 dietary fiber 643:655 The results demonstrated that the beverages formulated, with or without grape pomace extract, exhibited high dietary fiber, oleic acid, phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity. 28784489 3 3 theme oleic 658:662 arg1 acid 664:667 oleic acid 658:667 oleic acid 658:667 The results demonstrated that the beverages formulated, with or without grape pomace extract, exhibited high dietary fiber, oleic acid, phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity. 28784489 3 4 theme dietary 643:649 arg1 compounds 679:687 phenolic compounds 670:687 phenolic compounds 670:687 The results demonstrated that the beverages formulated, with or without grape pomace extract, exhibited high dietary fiber, oleic acid, phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity. 28784489 3 4 theme dietary 643:649 arg1 fiber 651:655 dietary fiber 643:655 dietary fiber 643:655 The results demonstrated that the beverages formulated, with or without grape pomace extract, exhibited high dietary fiber, oleic acid, phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity. 28784489 3 4 theme dietary 643:649 arg1 acid 664:667 oleic acid 658:667 oleic acid 658:667 The results demonstrated that the beverages formulated, with or without grape pomace extract, exhibited high dietary fiber, oleic acid, phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity. 28784489 1 5 theme Intestinal 287:296 arg1 SHIME® 319:324 Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) 281:325 Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) 281:325 The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of grape probiotic fermented beverages made of goat milk, with or without added grape pomace on gut microbiota in a Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). 28784489 5 6 theme positive 1147:1154 arg1 effects 1166:1172 positive potential effects 1147:1172 positive potential effects on human health 1147:1188 Therefore, the multifunctional beverages formulated in this study can offer a new perspective for the production of foods with positive potential effects on human health. 28784489 0 7 theme colon 87:91 arg1 model 93:97 a dynamic colon model 77:97 a dynamic colon model 77:97 Impact of multi-functional fermented goat milk beverage on gut microbiota in a dynamic colon model. 28784489 0 8 from Impact 0:5 arg1 microbiota 63:72 gut microbiota 59:72 gut microbiota in a dynamic colon model 59:97 Impact of multi-functional fermented goat milk beverage on gut microbiota in a dynamic colon model. 28784489 2 9 dep metabolites 425:435 arg1 acids 470:474 short- and branched-chain fatty acids 438:474 short- and branched-chain fatty acids 438:474 SHIME® model was used to investigate to assess changes in microbial composition and fermentation metabolites (short- and branched-chain fatty acids and ammonium), as well as under the antioxidant capacity. 28784489 2 9 dep metabolites 425:435 arg1 ammonium 480:487 ammonium 480:487 ammonium 480:487 SHIME® model was used to investigate to assess changes in microbial composition and fermentation metabolites (short- and branched-chain fatty acids and ammonium), as well as under the antioxidant capacity. 28784489 4 10 theme ammonium 996:1003 arg1 concentration 1005:1017 the ammonium concentration 992:1017 the ammonium concentration 992:1017 Both beverages also kept L. rhamnosus and S. thermophilus viable during their passage through the intestinal tract and had a positive effect on gut microbiota metabolism, increasing the antioxidant capacity and the production of short-chain fatty acids, and decreasing the ammonium concentration. 28784489 5 11 theme potential 1156:1164 arg1 effects 1166:1172 positive potential effects 1147:1172 positive potential effects on human health 1147:1188 Therefore, the multifunctional beverages formulated in this study can offer a new perspective for the production of foods with positive potential effects on human health. 28784489 0 12 theme dynamic 79:85 arg1 model 93:97 a dynamic colon model 77:97 a dynamic colon model 77:97 Impact of multi-functional fermented goat milk beverage on gut microbiota in a dynamic colon model. 28784489 1 13 theme Ecosystem 308:316 arg1 SHIME® 319:324 Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) 281:325 Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) 281:325 The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of grape probiotic fermented beverages made of goat milk, with or without added grape pomace on gut microbiota in a Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). 28784489 4 14 contain had 842:844 arg2 effect 857:862 a positive effect 846:862 a positive effect 846:862 Both beverages also kept L. rhamnosus and S. thermophilus viable during their passage through the intestinal tract and had a positive effect on gut microbiota metabolism, increasing the antioxidant capacity and the production of short-chain fatty acids, and decreasing the ammonium concentration. 28784489 4 14 contain had 842:844 arg1 beverages 728:736 Both beverages 723:736 Both beverages 723:736 Both beverages also kept L. rhamnosus and S. thermophilus viable during their passage through the intestinal tract and had a positive effect on gut microbiota metabolism, increasing the antioxidant capacity and the production of short-chain fatty acids, and decreasing the ammonium concentration. 28784489 1 15 theme added 226:230 arg1 pomace 238:243 added grape pomace 226:243 added grape pomace 226:243 The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of grape probiotic fermented beverages made of goat milk, with or without added grape pomace on gut microbiota in a Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). 28784489 2 16 theme fatty 464:468 arg1 acids 470:474 short- and branched-chain fatty acids 438:474 short- and branched-chain fatty acids 438:474 SHIME® model was used to investigate to assess changes in microbial composition and fermentation metabolites (short- and branched-chain fatty acids and ammonium), as well as under the antioxidant capacity. 28784489 1 17 theme SHIME® 319:324 arg1 Simulator 268:276 a Simulator 266:276 a Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) 266:325 The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of grape probiotic fermented beverages made of goat milk, with or without added grape pomace on gut microbiota in a Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). 28784489 5 18 theme human 1177:1181 arg1 health 1183:1188 human health 1177:1188 human health 1177:1188 Therefore, the multifunctional beverages formulated in this study can offer a new perspective for the production of foods with positive potential effects on human health. 28784489 2 19 theme microbial 386:394 arg1 composition 396:406 microbial composition 386:406 microbial composition 386:406 SHIME® model was used to investigate to assess changes in microbial composition and fermentation metabolites (short- and branched-chain fatty acids and ammonium), as well as under the antioxidant capacity. 28784489 3 20 theme phenolic 670:677 arg1 compounds 679:687 phenolic compounds 670:687 phenolic compounds 670:687 The results demonstrated that the beverages formulated, with or without grape pomace extract, exhibited high dietary fiber, oleic acid, phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity. 28784489 3 20 theme phenolic 670:677 arg1 fiber 651:655 dietary fiber 643:655 dietary fiber 643:655 The results demonstrated that the beverages formulated, with or without grape pomace extract, exhibited high dietary fiber, oleic acid, phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity. 28784489 4 21 theme antioxidant 909:919 arg1 capacity 921:928 the antioxidant capacity 905:928 the antioxidant capacity 905:928 Both beverages also kept L. rhamnosus and S. thermophilus viable during their passage through the intestinal tract and had a positive effect on gut microbiota metabolism, increasing the antioxidant capacity and the production of short-chain fatty acids, and decreasing the ammonium concentration. 28784489 2 22 theme SHIME® 328:333 arg1 model 335:339 SHIME® model 328:339 SHIME® model 328:339 SHIME® model was used to investigate to assess changes in microbial composition and fermentation metabolites (short- and branched-chain fatty acids and ammonium), as well as under the antioxidant capacity. 28784489 4 23 theme fatty 964:968 arg1 acids 970:974 short-chain fatty acids 952:974 short-chain fatty acids 952:974 Both beverages also kept L. rhamnosus and S. thermophilus viable during their passage through the intestinal tract and had a positive effect on gut microbiota metabolism, increasing the antioxidant capacity and the production of short-chain fatty acids, and decreasing the ammonium concentration. 28784489 1 24 theme grape 232:236 arg1 pomace 238:243 added grape pomace 226:243 added grape pomace 226:243 The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of grape probiotic fermented beverages made of goat milk, with or without added grape pomace on gut microbiota in a Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). 28784489 5 25 from effects 1166:1172 arg1 health 1183:1188 human health 1177:1188 human health 1177:1188 Therefore, the multifunctional beverages formulated in this study can offer a new perspective for the production of foods with positive potential effects on human health. 28784489 1 26 theme grape 155:159 arg1 beverages 181:189 grape probiotic fermented beverages 155:189 grape probiotic fermented beverages 155:189 The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of grape probiotic fermented beverages made of goat milk, with or without added grape pomace on gut microbiota in a Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). 28784489 0 27 theme fermented 27:35 arg1 beverage 47:54 multi-functional fermented goat milk beverage 10:54 multi-functional fermented goat milk beverage 10:54 Impact of multi-functional fermented goat milk beverage on gut microbiota in a dynamic colon model. 28784489 1 28 theme probiotic 161:169 arg1 beverages 181:189 grape probiotic fermented beverages 155:189 grape probiotic fermented beverages 155:189 The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of grape probiotic fermented beverages made of goat milk, with or without added grape pomace on gut microbiota in a Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). 28784489 0 29 theme multi-functional 10:25 arg1 beverage 47:54 multi-functional fermented goat milk beverage 10:54 multi-functional fermented goat milk beverage 10:54 Impact of multi-functional fermented goat milk beverage on gut microbiota in a dynamic colon model. 28784489 4 30 theme positive 848:855 arg1 effect 857:862 a positive effect 846:862 a positive effect 846:862 Both beverages also kept L. rhamnosus and S. thermophilus viable during their passage through the intestinal tract and had a positive effect on gut microbiota metabolism, increasing the antioxidant capacity and the production of short-chain fatty acids, and decreasing the ammonium concentration. 28784489 1 31 theme fermented 171:179 arg1 beverages 181:189 grape probiotic fermented beverages 155:189 grape probiotic fermented beverages 155:189 The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of grape probiotic fermented beverages made of goat milk, with or without added grape pomace on gut microbiota in a Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). 28784489 0 32 theme milk 42:45 arg1 beverage 47:54 multi-functional fermented goat milk beverage 10:54 multi-functional fermented goat milk beverage 10:54 Impact of multi-functional fermented goat milk beverage on gut microbiota in a dynamic colon model. 28784489 1 33 theme gut 248:250 arg1 microbiota 252:261 gut microbiota 248:261 gut microbiota 248:261 The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of grape probiotic fermented beverages made of goat milk, with or without added grape pomace on gut microbiota in a Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). 28784489 4 34 theme gut 867:869 arg1 metabolism 882:891 gut microbiota metabolism 867:891 gut microbiota metabolism 867:891 Both beverages also kept L. rhamnosus and S. thermophilus viable during their passage through the intestinal tract and had a positive effect on gut microbiota metabolism, increasing the antioxidant capacity and the production of short-chain fatty acids, and decreasing the ammonium concentration. 28784489 1 35 theme beverages 181:189 arg1 effect 145:150 the effect 141:150 the effect of grape probiotic fermented beverages made of goat milk, with or without added grape pomace on gut microbiota 141:261 The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of grape probiotic fermented beverages made of goat milk, with or without added grape pomace on gut microbiota in a Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). 28784489 0 36 theme goat 37:40 arg1 beverage 47:54 multi-functional fermented goat milk beverage 10:54 multi-functional fermented goat milk beverage 10:54 Impact of multi-functional fermented goat milk beverage on gut microbiota in a dynamic colon model. 28784489 2 37 theme fermentation 412:423 arg1 metabolites 425:435 fermentation metabolites 412:435 fermentation metabolites (short- and branched-chain fatty acids and ammonium) 412:488 SHIME® model was used to investigate to assess changes in microbial composition and fermentation metabolites (short- and branched-chain fatty acids and ammonium), as well as under the antioxidant capacity. 28784489 0 38 from microbiota 63:72 arg1 model 93:97 a dynamic colon model 77:97 a dynamic colon model 77:97 Impact of multi-functional fermented goat milk beverage on gut microbiota in a dynamic colon model. 28784489 2 39 used used 345:348 arg2 model 335:339 SHIME® model 328:339 SHIME® model 328:339 SHIME® model was used to investigate to assess changes in microbial composition and fermentation metabolites (short- and branched-chain fatty acids and ammonium), as well as under the antioxidant capacity. 28784489 4 40 theme short-chain 952:962 arg1 acids 970:974 short-chain fatty acids 952:974 short-chain fatty acids 952:974 Both beverages also kept L. rhamnosus and S. thermophilus viable during their passage through the intestinal tract and had a positive effect on gut microbiota metabolism, increasing the antioxidant capacity and the production of short-chain fatty acids, and decreasing the ammonium concentration. 28784489 5 41 theme new 1098:1100 arg1 perspective 1102:1112 a new perspective 1096:1112 a new perspective for the production of foods with positive potential effects on human health 1096:1188 Therefore, the multifunctional beverages formulated in this study can offer a new perspective for the production of foods with positive potential effects on human health. 28784489 2 42 theme antioxidant 512:522 arg1 capacity 524:531 the antioxidant capacity 508:531 the antioxidant capacity 508:531 SHIME® model was used to investigate to assess changes in microbial composition and fermentation metabolites (short- and branched-chain fatty acids and ammonium), as well as under the antioxidant capacity. 28784489 3 43 theme fiber 651:655 arg1 content 689:695 high dietary fiber, oleic acid, phenolic compounds content 638:695 high dietary fiber, oleic acid, phenolic compounds content 638:695 The results demonstrated that the beverages formulated, with or without grape pomace extract, exhibited high dietary fiber, oleic acid, phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity. 28784489 0 44 theme beverage 47:54 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of multi-functional fermented goat milk beverage on gut microbiota in a dynamic colon model. 0:98 Impact of multi-functional fermented goat milk beverage on gut microbiota in a dynamic colon model. 28784489 5 45 theme foods 1136:1140 arg1 production 1122:1131 the production 1118:1131 the production of foods with positive potential effects on human health 1118:1188 Therefore, the multifunctional beverages formulated in this study can offer a new perspective for the production of foods with positive potential effects on human health. 28784489 3 46 theme high 638:641 arg1 content 689:695 high dietary fiber, oleic acid, phenolic compounds content 638:695 high dietary fiber, oleic acid, phenolic compounds content 638:695 The results demonstrated that the beverages formulated, with or without grape pomace extract, exhibited high dietary fiber, oleic acid, phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity. 28784489 3 47 theme pomace 612:617 arg1 extract 619:625 grape pomace extract 606:625 grape pomace extract 606:625 The results demonstrated that the beverages formulated, with or without grape pomace extract, exhibited high dietary fiber, oleic acid, phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity. 28784489 5 48 theme multifunctional 1035:1049 arg1 beverages 1051:1059 the multifunctional beverages 1031:1059 the multifunctional beverages formulated in this study 1031:1084 Therefore, the multifunctional beverages formulated in this study can offer a new perspective for the production of foods with positive potential effects on human health. 28784489 4 49 theme intestinal 821:830 arg1 tract 832:836 the intestinal tract 817:836 the intestinal tract 817:836 Both beverages also kept L. rhamnosus and S. thermophilus viable during their passage through the intestinal tract and had a positive effect on gut microbiota metabolism, increasing the antioxidant capacity and the production of short-chain fatty acids, and decreasing the ammonium concentration. 28784489 3 50 theme antioxidant 701:711 arg1 activity 713:720 antioxidant activity 701:720 antioxidant activity 701:720 The results demonstrated that the beverages formulated, with or without grape pomace extract, exhibited high dietary fiber, oleic acid, phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity. 28784489 1 51 theme Microbial 298:306 arg1 SHIME® 319:324 Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) 281:325 Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) 281:325 The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of grape probiotic fermented beverages made of goat milk, with or without added grape pomace on gut microbiota in a Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). 28784489 5 52 with foods 1136:1140 arg1 effects 1166:1172 positive potential effects 1147:1172 positive potential effects on human health 1147:1188 Therefore, the multifunctional beverages formulated in this study can offer a new perspective for the production of foods with positive potential effects on human health. 28784489 1 53 theme goat 199:202 arg1 milk 204:207 goat milk 199:207 goat milk 199:207 The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of grape probiotic fermented beverages made of goat milk, with or without added grape pomace on gut microbiota in a Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). 28784489 2 54 theme branched-chain 449:462 arg1 acids 470:474 short- and branched-chain fatty acids 438:474 short- and branched-chain fatty acids 438:474 SHIME® model was used to investigate to assess changes in microbial composition and fermentation metabolites (short- and branched-chain fatty acids and ammonium), as well as under the antioxidant capacity. 28784489 3 55 theme grape 606:610 arg1 extract 619:625 grape pomace extract 606:625 grape pomace extract 606:625 The results demonstrated that the beverages formulated, with or without grape pomace extract, exhibited high dietary fiber, oleic acid, phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity. 28784489 1 56 theme research 116:123 arg1 aim 104:106 The aim 100:106 The aim of this research 100:123 The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of grape probiotic fermented beverages made of goat milk, with or without added grape pomace on gut microbiota in a Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). 28784489 0 57 theme gut 59:61 arg1 microbiota 63:72 gut microbiota 59:72 gut microbiota in a dynamic colon model 59:97 Impact of multi-functional fermented goat milk beverage on gut microbiota in a dynamic colon model. 28784489 2 58 from changes 375:381 arg1 composition 396:406 microbial composition 386:406 microbial composition 386:406 SHIME® model was used to investigate to assess changes in microbial composition and fermentation metabolites (short- and branched-chain fatty acids and ammonium), as well as under the antioxidant capacity. 28784489 4 59 theme acids 970:974 arg1 capacity 921:928 the antioxidant capacity 905:928 the antioxidant capacity 905:928 Both beverages also kept L. rhamnosus and S. thermophilus viable during their passage through the intestinal tract and had a positive effect on gut microbiota metabolism, increasing the antioxidant capacity and the production of short-chain fatty acids, and decreasing the ammonium concentration. 28784489 4 59 theme acids 970:974 arg1 production 938:947 the production 934:947 the production of short-chain fatty acids 934:974 Both beverages also kept L. rhamnosus and S. thermophilus viable during their passage through the intestinal tract and had a positive effect on gut microbiota metabolism, increasing the antioxidant capacity and the production of short-chain fatty acids, and decreasing the ammonium concentration. 28784489 4 60 theme microbiota 871:880 arg1 metabolism 882:891 gut microbiota metabolism 867:891 gut microbiota metabolism 867:891 Both beverages also kept L. rhamnosus and S. thermophilus viable during their passage through the intestinal tract and had a positive effect on gut microbiota metabolism, increasing the antioxidant capacity and the production of short-chain fatty acids, and decreasing the ammonium concentration. 25908708 3 0 theme rRNA 272:275 arg1 analysis 291:298 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 268:298 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 268:298 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T (96.7%) and other members of the genus Bacillus ( < 95.9%). 25908708 2 1 theme novel 103:107 arg1 strain 194:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain 101:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain 101:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain, SPT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake, in India. 25908708 2 1 theme novel 103:107 arg1 SPT 202:204 SPT 202:204 SPT 202:204 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain, SPT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake, in India. 25908708 8 2 theme iso-C15  903:910 arg1 Anteiso-C15  811:822 Anteiso-C15  811:822 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) 811:833 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 8 2 theme iso-C15  903:910 arg1 acid 861:864 the predominant fatty acid 839:864 the predominant fatty acid 839:864 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 8 2 theme iso-C15  903:910 arg1 proportions 882:892 significant proportions 870:892 significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15  870:910 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 8 2 theme iso-C15  903:910 arg1 % 897:897 >5% 895:897 >5% 895:897 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 3 3 theme other 438:442 arg1 members 444:450 other members 438:450 other members of the genus Bacillus ( < 95.9%) 438:483 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T (96.7%) and other members of the genus Bacillus ( < 95.9%). 25908708 11 4 theme name 1313:1316 arg1 sp 1341:1342 the name Bacilluscaseinilyticus sp 1309:1342 the name Bacilluscaseinilyticus sp 1309:1342 Strain SPT represents a novel member of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacilluscaseinilyticus sp. 25908708 2 5 attach isolated 211:218 arg2 SPT 202:204 SPT 202:204 SPT 202:204 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain, SPT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake, in India. 25908708 2 5 attach isolated 211:218 arg2 strain 194:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain 101:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain 101:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain, SPT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake, in India. 25908708 2 5 attach isolated 211:218 arg1 lake 236:239 Lonar soda lake 225:239 Lonar soda lake 225:239 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain, SPT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake, in India. 25908708 3 6 theme gene 277:280 arg1 analysis 291:298 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 268:298 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 268:298 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T (96.7%) and other members of the genus Bacillus ( < 95.9%). 25908708 5 7 theme meso-diaminopimelic 585:603 arg1 acid 605:608 meso-diaminopimelic acid 585:608 meso-diaminopimelic acid 585:608 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain SPT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25908708 7 8 theme predominant 770:780 arg1 MK-7 805:808 MK-7 805:808 MK-7 805:808 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 25908708 7 8 theme predominant 770:780 arg1 quinone 793:799 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 766:799 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 766:799 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 25908708 10 9 theme strain 1182:1187 arg1 SPT 1189:1191 strain SPT 1182:1191 strain SPT 1182:1191 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain SPT from all other members of the genus Bacillus. 25908708 13 10 theme  = MCC 1387:1392 arg1 SPT 1382:1384 SPT 1382:1384 SPT ( = MCC 2612T = JCM 30246T) 1382:1412 The type strain is SPT ( = MCC 2612T = JCM 30246T). 25908708 13 10 theme  = MCC 1387:1392 arg1 30246T 1406:1411  = MCC 2612T = JCM 30246T 1387:1411  = MCC 2612T = JCM 30246T 1387:1411 The type strain is SPT ( = MCC 2612T = JCM 30246T). 25908708 2 11 theme motile 142:147 arg1 strain 194:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain 101:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain 101:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain, SPT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake, in India. 25908708 2 11 theme motile 142:147 arg1 SPT 202:204 SPT 202:204 SPT 202:204 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain, SPT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake, in India. 25908708 1 12 theme thermotolerant 49:62 arg1 bacterium 64:72 an alkali- and thermotolerant bacterium 34:72 an alkali- and thermotolerant bacterium 34:72 nov., an alkali- and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from a soda lake. 25908708 1 12 theme thermotolerant 49:62 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., an alkali- and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from a soda lake. 25908708 11 13 theme Bacilluscaseinilyticus 1318:1339 arg1 sp 1341:1342 the name Bacilluscaseinilyticus sp 1309:1342 the name Bacilluscaseinilyticus sp 1309:1342 Strain SPT represents a novel member of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacilluscaseinilyticus sp. 25908708 0 14 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 24:25 Bacillus caseinilyticus sp 0:25 Bacillus caseinilyticus sp. 0:26 Bacillus caseinilyticus sp. 25908708 10 15 theme phylogenetic 1096:1107 arg1 tests 1141:1145 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1096:1145 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1096:1145 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain SPT from all other members of the genus Bacillus. 25908708 5 16 theme cell-wall 537:545 arg1 peptidoglycan 547:559 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 533:559 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain SPT 533:573 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain SPT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25908708 13 17 theme 2612T = JCM 1394:1404 arg1 SPT 1382:1384 SPT 1382:1384 SPT ( = MCC 2612T = JCM 30246T) 1382:1412 The type strain is SPT ( = MCC 2612T = JCM 30246T). 25908708 13 17 theme 2612T = JCM 1394:1404 arg1 30246T 1406:1411  = MCC 2612T = JCM 30246T 1387:1411  = MCC 2612T = JCM 30246T 1387:1411 The type strain is SPT ( = MCC 2612T = JCM 30246T). 25908708 2 18 theme rod-shaped 130:139 arg1 strain 194:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain 101:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain 101:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain, SPT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake, in India. 25908708 2 18 theme rod-shaped 130:139 arg1 SPT 202:204 SPT 202:204 SPT 202:204 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain, SPT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake, in India. 25908708 10 19 theme Bacillus 1229:1236 arg1 members 1208:1214 all other members 1198:1214 all other members of the genus Bacillus 1198:1236 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain SPT from all other members of the genus Bacillus. 25908708 3 20 theme Bacillus 465:472 arg1 members 444:450 other members 438:450 other members of the genus Bacillus ( < 95.9%) 438:483 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T (96.7%) and other members of the genus Bacillus ( < 95.9%). 25908708 3 20 theme Bacillus 465:472 arg1 2522T 420:424 Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T 390:424 Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T (96.7%) 390:432 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T (96.7%) and other members of the genus Bacillus ( < 95.9%). 25908708 3 20 theme Bacillus 465:472 arg1 % 431:431 96.7% 427:431 96.7% 427:431 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T (96.7%) and other members of the genus Bacillus ( < 95.9%). 25908708 8 21 theme predominant 843:853 arg1 Anteiso-C15  811:822 Anteiso-C15  811:822 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) 811:833 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 8 21 theme predominant 843:853 arg1 acid 861:864 the predominant fatty acid 839:864 the predominant fatty acid 839:864 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 3 22 theme Bacillus 390:397 arg1 2522T 420:424 Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T 390:424 Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T (96.7%) 390:432 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T (96.7%) and other members of the genus Bacillus ( < 95.9%). 25908708 3 22 theme Bacillus 390:397 arg1 % 431:431 96.7% 427:431 96.7% 427:431 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T (96.7%) and other members of the genus Bacillus ( < 95.9%). 25908708 0 23 theme caseinilyticus 9:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Bacillus caseinilyticus sp 0:25 Bacillus caseinilyticus sp. 0:26 Bacillus caseinilyticus sp. 25908708 5 24 theme strain 564:569 arg1 SPT 571:573 strain SPT 564:573 strain SPT 564:573 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain SPT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25908708 13 25 theme type 1367:1370 arg1 SPT 1382:1384 SPT 1382:1384 SPT ( = MCC 2612T = JCM 30246T) 1382:1412 The type strain is SPT ( = MCC 2612T = JCM 30246T). 25908708 13 25 theme type 1367:1370 arg1 strain 1372:1377 The type strain 1363:1377 The type strain 1363:1377 The type strain is SPT ( = MCC 2612T = JCM 30246T). 25908708 11 26 theme Strain 1239:1244 arg1 SPT 1246:1248 Strain SPT 1239:1248 Strain SPT 1239:1248 Strain SPT represents a novel member of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacilluscaseinilyticus sp. 25908708 3 27 theme class 338:342 arg1 Firmibacteria 344:356 the class Firmibacteria 334:356 the class Firmibacteria 334:356 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T (96.7%) and other members of the genus Bacillus ( < 95.9%). 25908708 5 28 theme SPT 571:573 arg1 peptidoglycan 547:559 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 533:559 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain SPT 533:573 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain SPT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25908708 9 29 theme DNA 1036:1038 arg1 content 1044:1050 The DNA G+C content 1032:1050 The DNA G+C content of strain SPT 1032:1064 The DNA G+C content of strain SPT was 38.9 mol%. 25908708 9 29 theme DNA 1036:1038 arg1 % 1078:1078 38.9 mol% 1070:1078 38.9 mol% 1070:1078 The DNA G+C content of strain SPT was 38.9 mol%. 25908708 10 30 theme biochemical 1129:1139 arg1 tests 1141:1145 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1096:1145 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1096:1145 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain SPT from all other members of the genus Bacillus. 25908708 8 31 theme  1ω7c 929:933 arg1 alcohol 935:941  1ω7c alcohol 929:941  1ω7c alcohol (6.3%) 929:948 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 8 31 theme  1ω7c 929:933 arg1 % 947:947 6.3% 944:947 6.3% 944:947 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 6 32 theme unknown 750:756 arg1 lipids 758:763 two unknown lipids 746:763 two unknown lipids 746:763 Polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three phospholipids, two aminolipids and two unknown lipids. 25908708 1 33 theme soda 90:93 arg1 lake 95:98 a soda lake 88:98 a soda lake 88:98 nov., an alkali- and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from a soda lake. 25908708 8 34 theme fatty 855:859 arg1 Anteiso-C15  811:822 Anteiso-C15  811:822 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) 811:833 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 8 34 theme fatty 855:859 arg1 acid 861:864 the predominant fatty acid 839:864 the predominant fatty acid 839:864 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 8 35 theme strain 1020:1025 arg1 SPT 1027:1029 strain SPT 1020:1029 strain SPT 1020:1029 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 4 36 theme Strain 486:491 arg1 SPT 493:495 Strain SPT 486:495 Strain SPT 486:495 Strain SPT was catalase- and oxidase-positive. 25908708 2 37 theme proteolytic 172:182 arg1 strain 194:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain 101:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain 101:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain, SPT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake, in India. 25908708 2 37 theme proteolytic 172:182 arg1 SPT 202:204 SPT 202:204 SPT 202:204 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain, SPT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake, in India. 25908708 11 38 theme novel 1263:1267 arg1 member 1269:1274 a novel member 1261:1274 a novel member of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacilluscaseinilyticus sp 1261:1342 Strain SPT represents a novel member of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacilluscaseinilyticus sp. 25908708 8 39 theme significant 870:880 arg1 proportions 882:892 significant proportions 870:892 significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15  870:910 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 8 39 theme significant 870:880 arg1 % 897:897 >5% 895:897 >5% 895:897 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 7 40 theme isoprenoid 782:791 arg1 MK-7 805:808 MK-7 805:808 MK-7 805:808 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 25908708 7 40 theme isoprenoid 782:791 arg1 quinone 793:799 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 766:799 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 766:799 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 25908708 8 41 located detected 1008:1015 arg2 C16  924:927 C16  924:927 C16  924:927 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 8 41 located detected 1008:1015 arg2 % 947:947 6.3% 944:947 6.3% 944:947 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 8 41 located detected 1008:1015 arg2  0 987:988  0 987:988  0 987:988 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 8 41 located detected 1008:1015 arg2 % 967:967 6.3% 964:967 6.3% 964:967 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 8 41 located detected 1008:1015 arg2  0 912:913  0 912:913  0 912:913 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 8 41 located detected 1008:1015 arg1 SPT 1027:1029 strain SPT 1020:1029 strain SPT 1020:1029 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 8 41 located detected 1008:1015 arg2 % 920:920 20.9% 916:920 20.9% 916:920 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 8 41 located detected 1008:1015 arg2 % 995:995 5.3 % 991:995 5.3 % 991:995 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 8 41 located detected 1008:1015 arg2 alcohol 935:941  1ω7c alcohol 929:941  1ω7c alcohol (6.3%) 929:948 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 8 41 located detected 1008:1015 arg2  0 960:961  0 960:961  0 960:961 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 6 42 theme Polar 611:615 arg1 lipids 617:622 Polar lipids 611:622 Polar lipids 611:622 Polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three phospholipids, two aminolipids and two unknown lipids. 25908708 3 43 dep analysis 291:298 arg1 basis 259:263 basis 259:263 basis 259:263 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T (96.7%) and other members of the genus Bacillus ( < 95.9%). 25908708 3 43 dep analysis 291:298 arg1 the 255:257 the 255:257 the 255:257 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T (96.7%) and other members of the genus Bacillus ( < 95.9%). 25908708 2 44 theme endospore-forming 150:166 arg1 strain 194:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain 101:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain 101:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain, SPT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake, in India. 25908708 2 44 theme endospore-forming 150:166 arg1 SPT 202:204 SPT 202:204 SPT 202:204 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain, SPT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake, in India. 25908708 10 45 theme clear 1157:1161 arg1 differentiation 1163:1177 a clear differentiation 1155:1177 a clear differentiation of strain SPT from all other members of the genus Bacillus 1155:1236 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain SPT from all other members of the genus Bacillus. 25908708 3 46 theme DSM 416:418 arg1 2522T 420:424 Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T 390:424 Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T (96.7%) 390:432 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T (96.7%) and other members of the genus Bacillus ( < 95.9%). 25908708 3 46 theme DSM 416:418 arg1 % 431:431 96.7% 427:431 96.7% 427:431 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T (96.7%) and other members of the genus Bacillus ( < 95.9%). 25908708 9 47 theme SPT 1062:1064 arg1 content 1044:1050 The DNA G+C content 1032:1050 The DNA G+C content of strain SPT 1032:1064 The DNA G+C content of strain SPT was 38.9 mol%. 25908708 9 47 theme SPT 1062:1064 arg1 % 1078:1078 38.9 mol% 1070:1078 38.9 mol% 1070:1078 The DNA G+C content of strain SPT was 38.9 mol%. 25908708 9 48 theme G+C 1040:1042 arg1 content 1044:1050 The DNA G+C content 1032:1050 The DNA G+C content of strain SPT 1032:1064 The DNA G+C content of strain SPT was 38.9 mol%. 25908708 9 48 theme G+C 1040:1042 arg1 % 1078:1078 38.9 mol% 1070:1078 38.9 mol% 1070:1078 The DNA G+C content of strain SPT was 38.9 mol%. 25908708 10 49 theme chemotaxonomic 1110:1123 arg1 tests 1141:1145 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1096:1145 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1096:1145 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain SPT from all other members of the genus Bacillus. 25908708 10 50 theme other 1202:1206 arg1 members 1208:1214 all other members 1198:1214 all other members of the genus Bacillus 1198:1236 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain SPT from all other members of the genus Bacillus. 25908708 3 51 theme 16S 268:270 arg1 analysis 291:298 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 268:298 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 268:298 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T (96.7%) and other members of the genus Bacillus ( < 95.9%). 25908708 3 52 dep Bacillus 390:397 arg1 cellulosilyticus 399:414 cellulosilyticus 399:414 cellulosilyticus 399:414 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T (96.7%) and other members of the genus Bacillus ( < 95.9%). 25908708 9 53 theme strain 1055:1060 arg1 SPT 1062:1064 strain SPT 1055:1064 strain SPT 1055:1064 The DNA G+C content of strain SPT was 38.9 mol%. 25908708 11 54 theme Bacillus 1289:1296 arg1 member 1269:1274 a novel member 1261:1274 a novel member of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacilluscaseinilyticus sp 1261:1342 Strain SPT represents a novel member of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacilluscaseinilyticus sp. 25908708 1 55 theme alkali- 37:43 arg1 bacterium 64:72 an alkali- and thermotolerant bacterium 34:72 an alkali- and thermotolerant bacterium 34:72 nov., an alkali- and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from a soda lake. 25908708 1 55 theme alkali- 37:43 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., an alkali- and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from a soda lake. 25908708 9 56 theme 38.9 mol 1070:1077 arg1 content 1044:1050 The DNA G+C content 1032:1050 The DNA G+C content of strain SPT 1032:1064 The DNA G+C content of strain SPT was 38.9 mol%. 25908708 9 56 theme 38.9 mol 1070:1077 arg1 % 1078:1078 38.9 mol% 1070:1078 38.9 mol% 1070:1078 The DNA G+C content of strain SPT was 38.9 mol%. 25908708 10 57 theme tests 1141:1145 arg1 results 1085:1091 The results 1081:1091 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests 1081:1145 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain SPT from all other members of the genus Bacillus. 25908708 10 58 from members 1208:1214 arg1 differentiation 1163:1177 a clear differentiation 1155:1177 a clear differentiation of strain SPT from all other members of the genus Bacillus 1155:1236 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain SPT from all other members of the genus Bacillus. 25908708 10 59 theme SPT 1189:1191 arg1 differentiation 1163:1177 a clear differentiation 1155:1177 a clear differentiation of strain SPT from all other members of the genus Bacillus 1155:1236 The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain SPT from all other members of the genus Bacillus. 25908708 3 60 theme sequence 282:289 arg1 analysis 291:298 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 268:298 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 268:298 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and was most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T (96.7%) and other members of the genus Bacillus ( < 95.9%). 25908708 2 61 theme bacterial 184:192 arg1 strain 194:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain 101:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain 101:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain, SPT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake, in India. 25908708 2 61 theme bacterial 184:192 arg1 SPT 202:204 SPT 202:204 SPT 202:204 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain, SPT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake, in India. 25908708 2 62 theme soda 231:234 arg1 lake 236:239 Lonar soda lake 225:239 Lonar soda lake 225:239 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain, SPT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake, in India. 25908708 8 63 dep Anteiso-C15  811:822 arg1  0 824:825  0 824:825  0 824:825 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 8 63 dep Anteiso-C15  811:822 arg1 % 832:832 26.8% 828:832 26.8% 828:832 Anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.8%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions (>5%) of iso-C15 : 0 (20.9%), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (6.3%), iso-C16 : 0 (6.3%) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %) were also detected in strain SPT. 25908708 2 64 theme Gram-stain-positive 109:127 arg1 strain 194:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain 101:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain 101:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain, SPT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake, in India. 25908708 2 64 theme Gram-stain-positive 109:127 arg1 SPT 202:204 SPT 202:204 SPT 202:204 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain, SPT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake, in India. 25908708 2 65 theme Lonar 225:229 arg1 lake 236:239 Lonar soda lake 225:239 Lonar soda lake 225:239 A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and proteolytic bacterial strain, SPT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake, in India. 25908708 5 66 contain contained 575:583 arg1 peptidoglycan 547:559 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 533:559 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain SPT 533:573 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain SPT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25908708 5 66 contain contained 575:583 arg2 acid 605:608 meso-diaminopimelic acid 585:608 meso-diaminopimelic acid 585:608 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain SPT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25284487 6 0 theme next-generation 915:929 arg1 sequencing 931:940 next-generation sequencing 915:940 next-generation sequencing 915:940 Inflammatory pre-conditioning was also reflected on the transcriptome in PD monocytes using next-generation sequencing. 25284487 7 1 theme key 986:988 arg1 regulator 990:998 a key regulator 984:998 a key regulator for the PD-associated alteration of circulating monocytes 984:1056 Further, we identified the CD95/CD95L as a key regulator for the PD-associated alteration of circulating monocytes. 25284487 7 1 theme key 986:988 arg1 CD95/CD95L 970:979 the CD95/CD95L 966:979 the CD95/CD95L 966:979 Further, we identified the CD95/CD95L as a key regulator for the PD-associated alteration of circulating monocytes. 25284487 3 2 theme PD 478:479 arg1 patients 481:488 PD patients 478:488 PD patients during disease 478:503 We applied a human primary monocyte culture system and flow cytometry-based techniques to determine the state of monocytes from PD patients during disease. 25284487 11 3 from biology 1530:1536 arg1 PD 1541:1542 PD 1541:1542 PD 1541:1542 This study provides insights into monocyte biology in PD and establishes a basis for future studies on peripheral inflammation. 25284487 0 4 from dysregulation 13:25 arg1 patients 69:76 Parkinson's disease patients 49:76 Parkinson's disease patients 49:76 Inflammatory dysregulation of blood monocytes in Parkinson's disease patients. 25284487 10 5 theme function 1446:1453 arg1 terms 1431:1435 terms 1431:1435 terms of their function and composition in PD patients 1431:1484 These results provide the first direct evidence that circulating human peripheral blood monocytes are altered in terms of their function and composition in PD patients. 25284487 2 6 theme cells 328:332 arg1 picture 297:303 a comprehensive picture 281:303 a comprehensive picture of circulating myeloid cells in PD patients 281:347 Here, we set out to obtain a comprehensive picture of circulating myeloid cells in PD patients. 25284487 4 7 from blood 564:568 arg1 enriched 548:555 enriched 548:555 enriched 548:555 We found that the classical monocytes are enriched in the blood of PD patients along with an increase in the monocyte-recruiting chemoattractant protein CCL2. 25284487 4 7 from blood 564:568 arg1 monocytes 534:542 the classical monocytes 520:542 the classical monocytes 520:542 We found that the classical monocytes are enriched in the blood of PD patients along with an increase in the monocyte-recruiting chemoattractant protein CCL2. 25284487 8 8 theme Pharmacological 1059:1073 arg1 neutralization 1075:1088 Pharmacological neutralization 1059:1088 Pharmacological neutralization of CD95L 1059:1097 Pharmacological neutralization of CD95L reverses the dysregulation of monocytic subpopulations in favor of non-classical monocytes. 25284487 2 9 from picture 297:303 arg1 patients 340:347 PD patients 337:347 PD patients 337:347 Here, we set out to obtain a comprehensive picture of circulating myeloid cells in PD patients. 25284487 9 10 theme PD 1216:1217 arg1 monocytes 1219:1227 PD monocytes 1216:1227 PD monocytes 1216:1227 Our results suggest that PD monocytes are in an inflammatory predisposition responding with hyperactivation to a "second hit". 25284487 4 11 theme monocyte-recruiting 615:633 arg1 CCL2 659:662 the monocyte-recruiting chemoattractant protein CCL2 611:662 the monocyte-recruiting chemoattractant protein CCL2 611:662 We found that the classical monocytes are enriched in the blood of PD patients along with an increase in the monocyte-recruiting chemoattractant protein CCL2. 25284487 2 12 theme comprehensive 283:295 arg1 picture 297:303 a comprehensive picture 281:303 a comprehensive picture of circulating myeloid cells in PD patients 281:347 Here, we set out to obtain a comprehensive picture of circulating myeloid cells in PD patients. 25284487 6 13 theme PD 896:897 arg1 monocytes 899:907 PD monocytes 896:907 PD monocytes using next-generation sequencing 896:940 Inflammatory pre-conditioning was also reflected on the transcriptome in PD monocytes using next-generation sequencing. 25284487 11 14 theme future 1572:1577 arg1 studies 1579:1585 future studies 1572:1585 future studies on peripheral inflammation 1572:1612 This study provides insights into monocyte biology in PD and establishes a basis for future studies on peripheral inflammation. 25284487 8 15 theme non-classical 1166:1178 arg1 monocytes 1180:1188 non-classical monocytes 1166:1188 non-classical monocytes 1166:1188 Pharmacological neutralization of CD95L reverses the dysregulation of monocytic subpopulations in favor of non-classical monocytes. 25284487 1 16 theme inflammatory 116:127 arg1 processes 129:137 inflammatory processes 116:137 inflammatory processes 116:137 Despite extensive effort on studying inflammatory processes in the CNS of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, implications of peripheral monocytes are still poorly understood. 25284487 1 17 theme disease 165:171 arg1 patients 178:185 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients 153:185 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients 153:185 Despite extensive effort on studying inflammatory processes in the CNS of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, implications of peripheral monocytes are still poorly understood. 25284487 4 18 from enriched 548:555 arg1 blood 564:568 the blood 560:568 the blood of PD patients 560:583 We found that the classical monocytes are enriched in the blood of PD patients along with an increase in the monocyte-recruiting chemoattractant protein CCL2. 25284487 10 19 from patients 1477:1484 arg1 terms 1431:1435 terms 1431:1435 terms of their function and composition in PD patients 1431:1484 These results provide the first direct evidence that circulating human peripheral blood monocytes are altered in terms of their function and composition in PD patients. 25284487 3 20 from state 454:458 arg1 patients 481:488 PD patients 478:488 PD patients during disease 478:503 We applied a human primary monocyte culture system and flow cytometry-based techniques to determine the state of monocytes from PD patients during disease. 25284487 3 21 theme monocytes 463:471 arg1 state 454:458 the state 450:458 the state of monocytes from PD patients during disease 450:503 We applied a human primary monocyte culture system and flow cytometry-based techniques to determine the state of monocytes from PD patients during disease. 25284487 3 22 theme cytometry-based 410:424 arg1 techniques 426:435 flow cytometry-based techniques 405:435 flow cytometry-based techniques 405:435 We applied a human primary monocyte culture system and flow cytometry-based techniques to determine the state of monocytes from PD patients during disease. 25284487 11 23 from studies 1579:1585 arg1 inflammation 1601:1612 peripheral inflammation 1590:1612 peripheral inflammation 1590:1612 This study provides insights into monocyte biology in PD and establishes a basis for future studies on peripheral inflammation. 25284487 10 24 theme PD 1474:1475 arg1 patients 1477:1484 PD patients 1474:1484 PD patients 1474:1484 These results provide the first direct evidence that circulating human peripheral blood monocytes are altered in terms of their function and composition in PD patients. 25284487 2 25 from cells 328:332 arg1 patients 340:347 PD patients 337:347 PD patients 337:347 Here, we set out to obtain a comprehensive picture of circulating myeloid cells in PD patients. 25284487 1 26 theme extensive 87:95 arg1 effort 97:102 extensive effort 87:102 extensive effort on studying inflammatory processes in the CNS of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients 87:185 Despite extensive effort on studying inflammatory processes in the CNS of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, implications of peripheral monocytes are still poorly understood. 25284487 4 27 theme protein 651:657 arg1 CCL2 659:662 the monocyte-recruiting chemoattractant protein CCL2 611:662 the monocyte-recruiting chemoattractant protein CCL2 611:662 We found that the classical monocytes are enriched in the blood of PD patients along with an increase in the monocyte-recruiting chemoattractant protein CCL2. 25284487 0 28 theme Inflammatory 0:11 arg1 dysregulation 13:25 Inflammatory dysregulation 0:25 Inflammatory dysregulation of blood monocytes in Parkinson's disease patients 0:76 Inflammatory dysregulation of blood monocytes in Parkinson's disease patients. 25284487 4 29 theme classical 524:532 arg1 enriched 548:555 enriched 548:555 enriched 548:555 We found that the classical monocytes are enriched in the blood of PD patients along with an increase in the monocyte-recruiting chemoattractant protein CCL2. 25284487 4 29 theme classical 524:532 arg1 monocytes 534:542 the classical monocytes 520:542 the classical monocytes 520:542 We found that the classical monocytes are enriched in the blood of PD patients along with an increase in the monocyte-recruiting chemoattractant protein CCL2. 25284487 8 30 theme CD95L 1093:1097 arg1 neutralization 1075:1088 Pharmacological neutralization 1059:1088 Pharmacological neutralization of CD95L 1059:1097 Pharmacological neutralization of CD95L reverses the dysregulation of monocytic subpopulations in favor of non-classical monocytes. 25284487 2 31 from patients 340:347 arg1 picture 297:303 a comprehensive picture 281:303 a comprehensive picture of circulating myeloid cells in PD patients 281:347 Here, we set out to obtain a comprehensive picture of circulating myeloid cells in PD patients. 25284487 9 32 theme second 1305:1310 arg1 " 1315:1315 a "second hit" 1302:1315 a "second hit" 1302:1315 Our results suggest that PD monocytes are in an inflammatory predisposition responding with hyperactivation to a "second hit". 25284487 4 33 theme chemoattractant 635:649 arg1 CCL2 659:662 the monocyte-recruiting chemoattractant protein CCL2 611:662 the monocyte-recruiting chemoattractant protein CCL2 611:662 We found that the classical monocytes are enriched in the blood of PD patients along with an increase in the monocyte-recruiting chemoattractant protein CCL2. 25284487 0 34 theme blood 30:34 arg1 monocytes 36:44 blood monocytes 30:44 blood monocytes 30:44 Inflammatory dysregulation of blood monocytes in Parkinson's disease patients. 25284487 10 35 theme composition 1459:1469 arg1 terms 1431:1435 terms 1431:1435 terms of their function and composition in PD patients 1431:1484 These results provide the first direct evidence that circulating human peripheral blood monocytes are altered in terms of their function and composition in PD patients. 25284487 5 36 theme LPS 768:770 arg1 stimulation 772:782 LPS stimulation 768:782 LPS stimulation 768:782 Moreover, we found that monocytes from PD patients display a pathological hyperactivity in response to LPS stimulation that correlates with disease severity. 25284487 4 37 from increase 599:606 arg1 CCL2 659:662 the monocyte-recruiting chemoattractant protein CCL2 611:662 the monocyte-recruiting chemoattractant protein CCL2 611:662 We found that the classical monocytes are enriched in the blood of PD patients along with an increase in the monocyte-recruiting chemoattractant protein CCL2. 25284487 1 38 theme patients 178:185 arg1 CNS 146:148 the CNS 142:148 the CNS of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients 142:185 Despite extensive effort on studying inflammatory processes in the CNS of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, implications of peripheral monocytes are still poorly understood. 25284487 5 39 theme disease 805:811 arg1 severity 813:820 disease severity 805:820 disease severity 805:820 Moreover, we found that monocytes from PD patients display a pathological hyperactivity in response to LPS stimulation that correlates with disease severity. 25284487 4 40 theme PD 573:574 arg1 patients 576:583 PD patients 573:583 PD patients 573:583 We found that the classical monocytes are enriched in the blood of PD patients along with an increase in the monocyte-recruiting chemoattractant protein CCL2. 25284487 5 41 from patients 707:714 arg1 monocytes 689:697 monocytes 689:697 monocytes from PD patients 689:714 Moreover, we found that monocytes from PD patients display a pathological hyperactivity in response to LPS stimulation that correlates with disease severity. 25284487 10 42 theme direct 1350:1355 arg1 evidence 1357:1364 the first direct evidence that circulating human peripheral blood monocytes are altered in terms of their function and composition in PD patients 1340:1484 the first direct evidence that circulating human peripheral blood monocytes are altered in terms of their function and composition in PD patients 1340:1484 These results provide the first direct evidence that circulating human peripheral blood monocytes are altered in terms of their function and composition in PD patients. 25284487 3 43 theme monocyte 377:384 arg1 system 394:399 a human primary monocyte culture system 361:399 a human primary monocyte culture system 361:399 We applied a human primary monocyte culture system and flow cytometry-based techniques to determine the state of monocytes from PD patients during disease. 25284487 10 44 from terms 1431:1435 arg1 patients 1477:1484 PD patients 1474:1484 PD patients 1474:1484 These results provide the first direct evidence that circulating human peripheral blood monocytes are altered in terms of their function and composition in PD patients. 25284487 8 45 theme monocytic 1129:1137 arg1 subpopulations 1139:1152 monocytic subpopulations 1129:1152 monocytic subpopulations 1129:1152 Pharmacological neutralization of CD95L reverses the dysregulation of monocytic subpopulations in favor of non-classical monocytes. 25284487 10 46 theme circulating 1371:1381 arg1 monocytes 1406:1414 circulating human peripheral blood monocytes 1371:1414 circulating human peripheral blood monocytes 1371:1414 These results provide the first direct evidence that circulating human peripheral blood monocytes are altered in terms of their function and composition in PD patients. 25284487 10 47 theme first 1344:1348 arg1 evidence 1357:1364 the first direct evidence that circulating human peripheral blood monocytes are altered in terms of their function and composition in PD patients 1340:1484 the first direct evidence that circulating human peripheral blood monocytes are altered in terms of their function and composition in PD patients 1340:1484 These results provide the first direct evidence that circulating human peripheral blood monocytes are altered in terms of their function and composition in PD patients. 25284487 11 48 theme peripheral 1590:1599 arg1 inflammation 1601:1612 peripheral inflammation 1590:1612 peripheral inflammation 1590:1612 This study provides insights into monocyte biology in PD and establishes a basis for future studies on peripheral inflammation. 25284487 0 49 theme monocytes 36:44 arg1 dysregulation 13:25 Inflammatory dysregulation 0:25 Inflammatory dysregulation of blood monocytes in Parkinson's disease patients 0:76 Inflammatory dysregulation of blood monocytes in Parkinson's disease patients. 25284487 3 50 theme culture 386:392 arg1 system 394:399 a human primary monocyte culture system 361:399 a human primary monocyte culture system 361:399 We applied a human primary monocyte culture system and flow cytometry-based techniques to determine the state of monocytes from PD patients during disease. 25284487 5 51 theme PD 704:705 arg1 patients 707:714 PD patients 704:714 PD patients 704:714 Moreover, we found that monocytes from PD patients display a pathological hyperactivity in response to LPS stimulation that correlates with disease severity. 25284487 10 52 theme blood 1400:1404 arg1 monocytes 1406:1414 circulating human peripheral blood monocytes 1371:1414 circulating human peripheral blood monocytes 1371:1414 These results provide the first direct evidence that circulating human peripheral blood monocytes are altered in terms of their function and composition in PD patients. 25284487 3 53 theme human 363:367 arg1 system 394:399 a human primary monocyte culture system 361:399 a human primary monocyte culture system 361:399 We applied a human primary monocyte culture system and flow cytometry-based techniques to determine the state of monocytes from PD patients during disease. 25284487 6 54 from transcriptome 879:891 arg1 monocytes 899:907 PD monocytes 896:907 PD monocytes using next-generation sequencing 896:940 Inflammatory pre-conditioning was also reflected on the transcriptome in PD monocytes using next-generation sequencing. 25284487 5 55 theme pathological 726:737 arg1 hyperactivity 739:751 a pathological hyperactivity 724:751 a pathological hyperactivity in response to LPS stimulation that correlates with disease severity 724:820 Moreover, we found that monocytes from PD patients display a pathological hyperactivity in response to LPS stimulation that correlates with disease severity. 25284487 10 56 theme peripheral 1389:1398 arg1 monocytes 1406:1414 circulating human peripheral blood monocytes 1371:1414 circulating human peripheral blood monocytes 1371:1414 These results provide the first direct evidence that circulating human peripheral blood monocytes are altered in terms of their function and composition in PD patients. 25284487 2 57 theme myeloid 320:326 arg1 cells 328:332 circulating myeloid cells 308:332 circulating myeloid cells in PD patients 308:347 Here, we set out to obtain a comprehensive picture of circulating myeloid cells in PD patients. 25284487 3 58 theme primary 369:375 arg1 system 394:399 a human primary monocyte culture system 361:399 a human primary monocyte culture system 361:399 We applied a human primary monocyte culture system and flow cytometry-based techniques to determine the state of monocytes from PD patients during disease. 25284487 8 59 theme subpopulations 1139:1152 arg1 dysregulation 1112:1124 the dysregulation 1108:1124 the dysregulation of monocytic subpopulations in favor of non-classical monocytes 1108:1188 Pharmacological neutralization of CD95L reverses the dysregulation of monocytic subpopulations in favor of non-classical monocytes. 25284487 5 60 from hyperactivity 739:751 arg1 response 756:763 response 756:763 response to LPS stimulation 756:782 Moreover, we found that monocytes from PD patients display a pathological hyperactivity in response to LPS stimulation that correlates with disease severity. 25284487 9 61 theme hit 1312:1314 arg1 " 1315:1315 a "second hit" 1302:1315 a "second hit" 1302:1315 Our results suggest that PD monocytes are in an inflammatory predisposition responding with hyperactivation to a "second hit". 25284487 10 62 theme human 1383:1387 arg1 monocytes 1406:1414 circulating human peripheral blood monocytes 1371:1414 circulating human peripheral blood monocytes 1371:1414 These results provide the first direct evidence that circulating human peripheral blood monocytes are altered in terms of their function and composition in PD patients. 25284487 2 63 theme circulating 308:318 arg1 cells 328:332 circulating myeloid cells 308:332 circulating myeloid cells in PD patients 308:347 Here, we set out to obtain a comprehensive picture of circulating myeloid cells in PD patients. 25284487 7 64 theme circulating 1036:1046 arg1 monocytes 1048:1056 circulating monocytes 1036:1056 circulating monocytes 1036:1056 Further, we identified the CD95/CD95L as a key regulator for the PD-associated alteration of circulating monocytes. 25284487 6 65 theme Inflammatory 823:834 arg1 pre-conditioning 836:851 Inflammatory pre-conditioning 823:851 Inflammatory pre-conditioning 823:851 Inflammatory pre-conditioning was also reflected on the transcriptome in PD monocytes using next-generation sequencing. 25284487 3 66 from patients 481:488 arg1 monocytes 463:471 monocytes 463:471 monocytes from PD patients during disease 463:503 We applied a human primary monocyte culture system and flow cytometry-based techniques to determine the state of monocytes from PD patients during disease. 25284487 3 66 from patients 481:488 arg1 state 454:458 the state 450:458 the state of monocytes from PD patients during disease 450:503 We applied a human primary monocyte culture system and flow cytometry-based techniques to determine the state of monocytes from PD patients during disease. 25284487 9 67 theme inflammatory 1239:1250 arg1 predisposition 1252:1265 an inflammatory predisposition 1236:1265 an inflammatory predisposition responding with hyperactivation to a "second hit" 1236:1315 Our results suggest that PD monocytes are in an inflammatory predisposition responding with hyperactivation to a "second hit". 25284487 1 68 theme peripheral 204:213 arg1 monocytes 215:223 peripheral monocytes 204:223 peripheral monocytes 204:223 Despite extensive effort on studying inflammatory processes in the CNS of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, implications of peripheral monocytes are still poorly understood. 25284487 7 69 theme monocytes 1048:1056 arg1 alteration 1022:1031 the PD-associated alteration 1004:1031 the PD-associated alteration of circulating monocytes 1004:1056 Further, we identified the CD95/CD95L as a key regulator for the PD-associated alteration of circulating monocytes. 25284487 11 70 theme monocyte 1521:1528 arg1 biology 1530:1536 monocyte biology 1521:1536 monocyte biology in PD 1521:1542 This study provides insights into monocyte biology in PD and establishes a basis for future studies on peripheral inflammation. 25284487 1 71 theme monocytes 215:223 arg1 implications 188:199 implications 188:199 implications of peripheral monocytes 188:223 Despite extensive effort on studying inflammatory processes in the CNS of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, implications of peripheral monocytes are still poorly understood. 25284487 7 72 theme PD-associated 1008:1020 arg1 alteration 1022:1031 the PD-associated alteration 1004:1031 the PD-associated alteration of circulating monocytes 1004:1056 Further, we identified the CD95/CD95L as a key regulator for the PD-associated alteration of circulating monocytes. 25284487 10 73 from function 1446:1453 arg1 patients 1477:1484 PD patients 1474:1484 PD patients 1474:1484 These results provide the first direct evidence that circulating human peripheral blood monocytes are altered in terms of their function and composition in PD patients. 25284487 10 74 from composition 1459:1469 arg1 patients 1477:1484 PD patients 1474:1484 PD patients 1474:1484 These results provide the first direct evidence that circulating human peripheral blood monocytes are altered in terms of their function and composition in PD patients. 25284487 8 75 from dysregulation 1112:1124 arg1 favor 1157:1161 favor 1157:1161 favor 1157:1161 Pharmacological neutralization of CD95L reverses the dysregulation of monocytic subpopulations in favor of non-classical monocytes. 25284487 0 76 theme disease 61:67 arg1 patients 69:76 Parkinson's disease patients 49:76 Parkinson's disease patients 49:76 Inflammatory dysregulation of blood monocytes in Parkinson's disease patients. 25284487 2 77 theme PD 337:338 arg1 patients 340:347 PD patients 337:347 PD patients 337:347 Here, we set out to obtain a comprehensive picture of circulating myeloid cells in PD patients. 25284487 4 78 theme patients 576:583 arg1 blood 564:568 the blood 560:568 the blood of PD patients 560:583 We found that the classical monocytes are enriched in the blood of PD patients along with an increase in the monocyte-recruiting chemoattractant protein CCL2. 26868819 7 0 theme strain 996:1001 arg1 Back-11T 1003:1010 strain Back-11T 996:1010 strain Back-11T 996:1010 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain Back-11T represents a novel species in the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli sp. 26868819 4 1 theme main 566:569 arg1 lipids 577:582 the main polar lipids 562:582 the main polar lipids 562:582 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26868819 7 2 theme novel 1025:1029 arg1 species 1031:1037 a novel species 1023:1037 a novel species 1023:1037 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain Back-11T represents a novel species in the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli sp. 26868819 9 3 theme 33723T = CECT 1175:1187 arg1 Back-11T 1157:1164 Back-11T 1157:1164 Back-11T ( = KCTC 33723T = CECT 8890T) 1157:1194 The type strain is Back-11T ( = KCTC 33723T = CECT 8890T). 26868819 9 3 theme 33723T = CECT 1175:1187 arg1 8890T 1189:1193  = KCTC 33723T = CECT 8890T 1167:1193  = KCTC 33723T = CECT 8890T 1167:1193 The type strain is Back-11T ( = KCTC 33723T = CECT 8890T). 26868819 7 4 dep data 990:993 arg1 the 933:935 the 933:935 the 933:935 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain Back-11T represents a novel species in the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli sp. 26868819 7 4 dep data 990:993 arg1 basis 937:941 basis 937:941 basis 937:941 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain Back-11T represents a novel species in the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli sp. 26868819 2 5 theme Korea 201:205 arg1 Hallasan 173:180 Hallasan 173:180 Hallasan 173:180 A novel bacterial strain, Back-11T, was isolated from sediment soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26868819 2 5 theme Korea 201:205 arg1 Republic 189:196 Republic 189:196 Republic 189:196 A novel bacterial strain, Back-11T, was isolated from sediment soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26868819 2 5 theme Korea 201:205 arg1 lake 155:158 a crater lake 146:158 a crater lake 146:158 A novel bacterial strain, Back-11T, was isolated from sediment soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26868819 6 6 theme strain 782:787 arg1 Back-11T 789:796 strain Back-11T 782:796 strain Back-11T 782:796 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain Back-11T was most closely related to Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (95.5 % similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Paenibacillus. 26868819 2 7 theme sediment 129:136 arg1 soil 138:141 sediment soil 129:141 sediment soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea 129:205 A novel bacterial strain, Back-11T, was isolated from sediment soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26868819 7 8 theme phenotypic 979:988 arg1 data 990:993 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 946:993 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 946:993 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain Back-11T represents a novel species in the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli sp. 26868819 9 9 theme type 1142:1145 arg1 Back-11T 1157:1164 Back-11T 1157:1164 Back-11T ( = KCTC 33723T = CECT 8890T) 1157:1194 The type strain is Back-11T ( = KCTC 33723T = CECT 8890T). 26868819 9 9 theme type 1142:1145 arg1 strain 1147:1152 The type strain 1138:1152 The type strain 1138:1152 The type strain is Back-11T ( = KCTC 33723T = CECT 8890T). 26868819 4 10 theme polar 571:575 arg1 lipids 577:582 the main polar lipids 562:582 the main polar lipids 562:582 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26868819 6 11 theme % 866:866 arg1 similarity 868:877 95.5 % similarity 861:877 95.5 % similarity 861:877 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain Back-11T was most closely related to Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (95.5 % similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Paenibacillus. 26868819 6 11 theme % 866:866 arg1 THMBG22T 851:858 Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T 826:858 Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (95.5 % similarity) 826:878 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain Back-11T was most closely related to Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (95.5 % similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Paenibacillus. 26868819 1 12 theme crater 62:67 arg1 lake 69:72 crater lake 62:72 crater lake 62:72 nov., isolated from soil of crater lake. 26868819 7 13 from species 1031:1037 arg1 genus 1046:1050 the genus Paenibacillus 1042:1064 the genus Paenibacillus 1042:1064 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain Back-11T represents a novel species in the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli sp. 26868819 4 14 theme isoprenoid 427:436 arg1 quinone 438:444 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 411:444 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 411:444 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26868819 7 15 theme Paenibacillus 1052:1064 arg1 genus 1046:1050 the genus Paenibacillus 1042:1064 the genus Paenibacillus 1042:1064 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain Back-11T represents a novel species in the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli sp. 26868819 1 16 theme lake 69:72 arg1 soil 54:57 soil 54:57 soil of crater lake 54:72 nov., isolated from soil of crater lake. 26868819 4 17 contain contained 336:344 arg2 acid 640:643 the diagnostic diamino acid 617:643 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 617:674 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26868819 4 17 contain contained 336:344 arg2  0 359:360  0 359:360  0 359:360 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26868819 4 17 contain contained 336:344 arg1 It 333:334 It 333:334 It 333:334 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26868819 4 17 contain contained 336:344 arg2 acid 381:384 the major fatty acid 365:384 the major fatty acid 365:384 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26868819 4 18 theme predominant 415:425 arg1 quinone 438:444 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 411:444 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 411:444 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26868819 4 19 from acid 640:643 arg1 peptidoglycan 662:674 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 648:674 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 648:674 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26868819 4 20 theme cell-wall 652:660 arg1 peptidoglycan 662:674 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 648:674 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 648:674 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26868819 0 21 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 baekrokdamisoli 14:28 Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli 0:28 Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli 0:28 Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli sp. 26868819 4 22 theme unidentified 527:538 arg1 aminophospholipids 540:557 four unidentified aminophospholipids 522:557 four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids 522:582 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26868819 6 23 theme gene 753:756 arg1 sequencing 758:767 16S rRNA gene sequencing 744:767 16S rRNA gene sequencing 744:767 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain Back-11T was most closely related to Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (95.5 % similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Paenibacillus. 26868819 3 24 theme strain 217:222 arg1 Back-11T 224:231 strain Back-11T 217:231 strain Back-11T 217:231 Cells of strain Back-11T were Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and oxidase- and catalase-positive. 26868819 6 25 theme rRNA 748:751 arg1 sequencing 758:767 16S rRNA gene sequencing 744:767 16S rRNA gene sequencing 744:767 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain Back-11T was most closely related to Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (95.5 % similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Paenibacillus. 26868819 7 26 theme phylogenetic 946:957 arg1 data 990:993 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 946:993 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 946:993 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain Back-11T represents a novel species in the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli sp. 26868819 6 27 theme Paenibacillus 915:927 arg1 genus 909:913 the genus Paenibacillus 905:927 the genus Paenibacillus 905:927 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain Back-11T was most closely related to Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (95.5 % similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Paenibacillus. 26868819 3 28 theme Back-11T 224:231 arg1 Cells 208:212 Cells 208:212 Cells of strain Back-11T 208:231 Cells of strain Back-11T were Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and oxidase- and catalase-positive. 26868819 2 29 theme crater 148:153 arg1 Hallasan 173:180 Hallasan 173:180 Hallasan 173:180 A novel bacterial strain, Back-11T, was isolated from sediment soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26868819 2 29 theme crater 148:153 arg1 Republic 189:196 Republic 189:196 Republic 189:196 A novel bacterial strain, Back-11T, was isolated from sediment soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26868819 2 29 theme crater 148:153 arg1 lake 155:158 a crater lake 146:158 a crater lake 146:158 A novel bacterial strain, Back-11T, was isolated from sediment soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26868819 7 30 theme baekrokdamisoli 1100:1114 arg1 sp 1116:1117 the name Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli sp 1077:1117 the name Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli sp 1077:1117 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain Back-11T represents a novel species in the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli sp. 26868819 6 31 theme taihuensis 840:849 arg1 similarity 868:877 95.5 % similarity 861:877 95.5 % similarity 861:877 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain Back-11T was most closely related to Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (95.5 % similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Paenibacillus. 26868819 6 31 theme taihuensis 840:849 arg1 THMBG22T 851:858 Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T 826:858 Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (95.5 % similarity) 826:878 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain Back-11T was most closely related to Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (95.5 % similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Paenibacillus. 26868819 4 32 theme diamino 632:638 arg1  0 359:360  0 359:360  0 359:360 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26868819 4 32 theme diamino 632:638 arg1 acid 640:643 the diagnostic diamino acid 617:643 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 617:674 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26868819 2 33 theme bacterial 83:91 arg1 Back-11T 101:108 Back-11T 101:108 Back-11T 101:108 A novel bacterial strain, Back-11T, was isolated from sediment soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26868819 2 33 theme bacterial 83:91 arg1 strain 93:98 A novel bacterial strain 75:98 A novel bacterial strain 75:98 A novel bacterial strain, Back-11T, was isolated from sediment soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26868819 5 34 theme 45.3 mol 701:708 arg1 content 689:695 The DNA G+C content 677:695 The DNA G+C content 677:695 The DNA G+C content was 45.3 mol%. 26868819 5 34 theme 45.3 mol 701:708 arg1 % 709:709 45.3 mol% 701:709 45.3 mol% 701:709 The DNA G+C content was 45.3 mol%. 26868819 6 35 theme Paenibacillus 826:838 arg1 similarity 868:877 95.5 % similarity 861:877 95.5 % similarity 861:877 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain Back-11T was most closely related to Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (95.5 % similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Paenibacillus. 26868819 6 35 theme Paenibacillus 826:838 arg1 THMBG22T 851:858 Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T 826:858 Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (95.5 % similarity) 826:878 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain Back-11T was most closely related to Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (95.5 % similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Paenibacillus. 26868819 6 36 theme 16S 744:746 arg1 sequencing 758:767 16S rRNA gene sequencing 744:767 16S rRNA gene sequencing 744:767 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain Back-11T was most closely related to Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (95.5 % similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Paenibacillus. 26868819 4 37 theme diagnostic 621:630 arg1  0 359:360  0 359:360  0 359:360 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26868819 4 37 theme diagnostic 621:630 arg1 acid 640:643 the diagnostic diamino acid 617:643 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 617:674 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26868819 7 38 theme name 1081:1084 arg1 sp 1116:1117 the name Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli sp 1077:1117 the name Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli sp 1077:1117 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain Back-11T represents a novel species in the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli sp. 26868819 2 39 theme novel 77:81 arg1 Back-11T 101:108 Back-11T 101:108 Back-11T 101:108 A novel bacterial strain, Back-11T, was isolated from sediment soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26868819 2 39 theme novel 77:81 arg1 strain 93:98 A novel bacterial strain 75:98 A novel bacterial strain 75:98 A novel bacterial strain, Back-11T, was isolated from sediment soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26868819 6 40 from clade 896:900 arg1 genus 909:913 the genus Paenibacillus 905:927 the genus Paenibacillus 905:927 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain Back-11T was most closely related to Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (95.5 % similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Paenibacillus. 26868819 6 41 theme 95.5  861:865 arg1 % 866:866 % 866:866 % 866:866 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain Back-11T was most closely related to Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (95.5 % similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Paenibacillus. 26868819 7 42 theme Paenibacillus 1086:1098 arg1 sp 1116:1117 the name Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli sp 1077:1117 the name Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli sp 1077:1117 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain Back-11T represents a novel species in the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli sp. 26868819 5 43 theme G+C 685:687 arg1 content 689:695 The DNA G+C content 677:695 The DNA G+C content 677:695 The DNA G+C content was 45.3 mol%. 26868819 5 43 theme G+C 685:687 arg1 % 709:709 45.3 mol% 701:709 45.3 mol% 701:709 The DNA G+C content was 45.3 mol%. 26868819 4 44 theme fatty 375:379 arg1 acid 381:384 the major fatty acid 365:384 the major fatty acid 365:384 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26868819 4 44 theme fatty 375:379 arg1  0 359:360  0 359:360  0 359:360 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26868819 9 45 theme  = KCTC 1167:1173 arg1 Back-11T 1157:1164 Back-11T 1157:1164 Back-11T ( = KCTC 33723T = CECT 8890T) 1157:1194 The type strain is Back-11T ( = KCTC 33723T = CECT 8890T). 26868819 9 45 theme  = KCTC 1167:1173 arg1 8890T 1189:1193  = KCTC 33723T = CECT 8890T 1167:1193  = KCTC 33723T = CECT 8890T 1167:1193 The type strain is Back-11T ( = KCTC 33723T = CECT 8890T). 26868819 4 46 theme major 369:373 arg1 acid 381:384 the major fatty acid 365:384 the major fatty acid 365:384 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26868819 4 46 theme major 369:373 arg1  0 359:360  0 359:360  0 359:360 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26868819 7 47 theme chemotaxonomic 960:973 arg1 data 990:993 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 946:993 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data 946:993 On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain Back-11T represents a novel species in the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli sp. 26868819 5 48 theme DNA 681:683 arg1 content 689:695 The DNA G+C content 677:695 The DNA G+C content 677:695 The DNA G+C content was 45.3 mol%. 26868819 5 48 theme DNA 681:683 arg1 % 709:709 45.3 mol% 701:709 45.3 mol% 701:709 The DNA G+C content was 45.3 mol%. 26868819 0 49 dep sp 30:31 arg1 baekrokdamisoli 14:28 Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli 0:28 Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli 0:28 Paenibacillus baekrokdamisoli sp. 26868819 2 50 attach isolated 115:122 arg2 strain 93:98 A novel bacterial strain 75:98 A novel bacterial strain 75:98 A novel bacterial strain, Back-11T, was isolated from sediment soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26868819 2 50 attach isolated 115:122 arg1 soil 138:141 sediment soil 129:141 sediment soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea 129:205 A novel bacterial strain, Back-11T, was isolated from sediment soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26868819 2 50 attach isolated 115:122 arg2 Back-11T 101:108 Back-11T 101:108 Back-11T 101:108 A novel bacterial strain, Back-11T, was isolated from sediment soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26868819 2 51 theme lake 155:158 arg1 soil 138:141 sediment soil 129:141 sediment soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea 129:205 A novel bacterial strain, Back-11T, was isolated from sediment soil of a crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. 26868819 6 52 theme Phylogenetic 712:723 arg1 analysis 725:732 Phylogenetic analysis 712:732 Phylogenetic analysis 712:732 Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain Back-11T was most closely related to Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (95.5 % similarity) and fell into a clade in the genus Paenibacillus. 26868819 4 53 theme meso-diaminopimelic 589:607 arg1 acid 609:612 meso-diaminopimelic acid 589:612 meso-diaminopimelic acid 589:612 It contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified aminophospholipids as the main polar lipids, and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24817578 8 0 theme major 636:640 arg1 menaquinone-7 677:689 menaquinone-7 677:689 menaquinone-7 677:689 The major isoprenoid quinone was found to be menaquinone-7. 24817578 8 0 theme major 636:640 arg1 quinone 653:659 The major isoprenoid quinone 632:659 The major isoprenoid quinone 632:659 The major isoprenoid quinone was found to be menaquinone-7. 24817578 6 1 theme Strain 397:402 arg1 T 409:409 T 409:409 T 409:409 Strain 1-25(T) was found to be closely related to Paenibacillus harenae and Paenibacillus castaneae with 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 24817578 6 1 theme Strain 397:402 arg1 1-25 404:407 Strain 1-25 397:407 Strain 1-25(T) 397:410 Strain 1-25(T) was found to be closely related to Paenibacillus harenae and Paenibacillus castaneae with 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 24817578 3 2 theme rod-shaped 127:136 arg1 bacterium 149:157 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium 95:157 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium 95:157 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium, designated strain 1-25(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Quercus aliena var. 24817578 5 3 theme sequence 316:323 arg1 analysis 325:332 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 302:332 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 302:332 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 1-25(T) belongs to the genus Paenibacillus. 24817578 6 4 theme rRNA 522:525 arg1 similarities 541:552 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 502:552 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 502:552 Strain 1-25(T) was found to be closely related to Paenibacillus harenae and Paenibacillus castaneae with 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 24817578 12 5 theme strain 996:1001 arg1 1-25 1003:1006 strain 1-25 996:1006 strain 1-25(T) 996:1009 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and molecular properties, strain 1-25(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus quercus sp. 24817578 12 5 theme strain 996:1001 arg1 T 1008:1008 T 1008:1008 T 1008:1008 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and molecular properties, strain 1-25(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus quercus sp. 24817578 12 6 theme quercus 1115:1121 arg1 sp 1123:1124 the name Paenibacillus quercus sp 1092:1124 the name Paenibacillus quercus sp 1092:1124 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and molecular properties, strain 1-25(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus quercus sp. 24817578 3 7 attach isolated 191:198 arg2 bacterium 149:157 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium 95:157 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium 95:157 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium, designated strain 1-25(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Quercus aliena var. 24817578 3 7 attach isolated 191:198 arg1 rhizosphere 209:219 the rhizosphere 205:219 the rhizosphere of Quercus aliena var 205:241 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium, designated strain 1-25(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Quercus aliena var. 24817578 6 8 theme Paenibacillus 447:459 arg1 harenae 461:467 Paenibacillus harenae 447:467 Paenibacillus harenae 447:467 Strain 1-25(T) was found to be closely related to Paenibacillus harenae and Paenibacillus castaneae with 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 24817578 3 9 theme strain 171:176 arg1 T 183:183 T 183:183 T 183:183 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium, designated strain 1-25(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Quercus aliena var. 24817578 3 9 theme strain 171:176 arg1 1-25 178:181 strain 1-25 171:181 strain 1-25(T) 171:184 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium, designated strain 1-25(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Quercus aliena var. 24817578 6 10 theme sequence 532:539 arg1 similarities 541:552 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 502:552 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 502:552 Strain 1-25(T) was found to be closely related to Paenibacillus harenae and Paenibacillus castaneae with 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 24817578 6 11 with harenae 461:467 arg1 similarities 541:552 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 502:552 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 502:552 Strain 1-25(T) was found to be closely related to Paenibacillus harenae and Paenibacillus castaneae with 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 24817578 10 12 from acid 797:800 arg1 peptidoglycan 819:831 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 805:831 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 805:831 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24817578 12 13 theme Paenibacillus 1067:1079 arg1 genus 1061:1065 the genus Paenibacillus 1057:1079 the genus Paenibacillus 1057:1079 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and molecular properties, strain 1-25(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus quercus sp. 24817578 12 14 theme molecular 974:982 arg1 properties 984:993 molecular properties 974:993 molecular properties 974:993 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and molecular properties, strain 1-25(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus quercus sp. 24817578 1 15 theme Quercus 61:67 arg1 var 76:78 Quercus aliena var 61:78 Quercus aliena var 61:78 nov., isolated from rhizosphere of Quercus aliena var. 24817578 12 16 theme genus 1061:1065 arg1 species 1046:1052 a novel species 1038:1052 a novel species 1038:1052 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and molecular properties, strain 1-25(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus quercus sp. 24817578 3 17 theme Quercus 224:230 arg1 var 239:241 Quercus aliena var 224:241 Quercus aliena var 224:241 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium, designated strain 1-25(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Quercus aliena var. 24817578 1 18 theme aliena 69:74 arg1 var 76:78 Quercus aliena var 61:78 Quercus aliena var 61:78 nov., isolated from rhizosphere of Quercus aliena var. 24817578 0 19 theme quercus 14:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Paenibacillus quercus sp 0:23 Paenibacillus quercus sp. 0:24 Paenibacillus quercus sp. 24817578 11 20 theme G+C 883:885 arg1 content 887:893 The DNA G+C content 875:893 The DNA G+C content 875:893 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 41.6 mol%. 24817578 11 20 theme G+C 883:885 arg1 % 924:924 41.6 mol% 916:924 41.6 mol% 916:924 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 41.6 mol%. 24817578 1 21 theme var 76:78 arg1 rhizosphere 46:56 rhizosphere 46:56 rhizosphere of Quercus aliena var 46:78 nov., isolated from rhizosphere of Quercus aliena var. 24817578 0 22 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 22:23 Paenibacillus quercus sp 0:23 Paenibacillus quercus sp. 0:24 Paenibacillus quercus sp. 24817578 14 23 theme  = KCTC 1192:1198 arg1 T 1206:1206 T 1206:1206 T 1206:1206 The type strain is 1-25(T) (=CCTCC AB2013265(T) = KCTC 33194(T)). 24817578 14 23 theme  = KCTC 1192:1198 arg1 1-25 1164:1167 1-25 1164:1167 1-25 1164:1167 The type strain is 1-25(T) (=CCTCC AB2013265(T) = KCTC 33194(T)). 24817578 14 23 theme  = KCTC 1192:1198 arg1 33194 1200:1204 =CCTCC AB2013265(T) = KCTC 33194 1173:1204 =CCTCC AB2013265(T) = KCTC 33194(T) 1173:1207 The type strain is 1-25(T) (=CCTCC AB2013265(T) = KCTC 33194(T)). 24817578 6 24 theme 16S 518:520 arg1 rRNA 522:525 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA 502:525 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 502:552 Strain 1-25(T) was found to be closely related to Paenibacillus harenae and Paenibacillus castaneae with 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 24817578 5 25 theme 16S 302:304 arg1 rRNA 306:309 16S rRNA 302:309 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 302:332 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 1-25(T) belongs to the genus Paenibacillus. 24817578 12 26 dep characteristics 954:968 arg1 the 930:932 the 930:932 the 930:932 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and molecular properties, strain 1-25(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus quercus sp. 24817578 12 26 dep characteristics 954:968 arg1 basis 934:938 basis 934:938 basis 934:938 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and molecular properties, strain 1-25(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus quercus sp. 24817578 12 27 theme novel 1040:1044 arg1 species 1046:1052 a novel species 1038:1052 a novel species 1038:1052 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and molecular properties, strain 1-25(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus quercus sp. 24817578 5 28 theme rRNA 306:309 arg1 analysis 325:332 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 302:332 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 302:332 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 1-25(T) belongs to the genus Paenibacillus. 24817578 10 29 theme meso-diaminopimelic 849:867 arg1 acid 869:872 meso-diaminopimelic acid 849:872 meso-diaminopimelic acid 849:872 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24817578 10 29 theme meso-diaminopimelic 849:867 arg1 acid 797:800 The diagnostic diamino acid 774:800 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 774:831 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24817578 14 30 theme AB2013265 1180:1188 arg1 T 1206:1206 T 1206:1206 T 1206:1206 The type strain is 1-25(T) (=CCTCC AB2013265(T) = KCTC 33194(T)). 24817578 14 30 theme AB2013265 1180:1188 arg1 1-25 1164:1167 1-25 1164:1167 1-25 1164:1167 The type strain is 1-25(T) (=CCTCC AB2013265(T) = KCTC 33194(T)). 24817578 14 30 theme AB2013265 1180:1188 arg1 33194 1200:1204 =CCTCC AB2013265(T) = KCTC 33194 1173:1204 =CCTCC AB2013265(T) = KCTC 33194(T) 1173:1207 The type strain is 1-25(T) (=CCTCC AB2013265(T) = KCTC 33194(T)). 24817578 5 31 theme gene 311:314 arg1 analysis 325:332 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 302:332 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 302:332 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 1-25(T) belongs to the genus Paenibacillus. 24817578 3 32 theme aliena 232:237 arg1 var 239:241 Quercus aliena var 224:241 Quercus aliena var 224:241 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium, designated strain 1-25(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Quercus aliena var. 24817578 14 33 theme =CCTCC 1173:1178 arg1 T 1206:1206 T 1206:1206 T 1206:1206 The type strain is 1-25(T) (=CCTCC AB2013265(T) = KCTC 33194(T)). 24817578 14 33 theme =CCTCC 1173:1178 arg1 1-25 1164:1167 1-25 1164:1167 1-25 1164:1167 The type strain is 1-25(T) (=CCTCC AB2013265(T) = KCTC 33194(T)). 24817578 14 33 theme =CCTCC 1173:1178 arg1 33194 1200:1204 =CCTCC AB2013265(T) = KCTC 33194 1173:1204 =CCTCC AB2013265(T) = KCTC 33194(T) 1173:1207 The type strain is 1-25(T) (=CCTCC AB2013265(T) = KCTC 33194(T)). 24817578 3 34 theme var 239:241 arg1 rhizosphere 209:219 the rhizosphere 205:219 the rhizosphere of Quercus aliena var 205:241 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium, designated strain 1-25(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Quercus aliena var. 24817578 14 35 theme T 1190:1190 arg1 T 1206:1206 T 1206:1206 T 1206:1206 The type strain is 1-25(T) (=CCTCC AB2013265(T) = KCTC 33194(T)). 24817578 14 35 theme T 1190:1190 arg1 1-25 1164:1167 1-25 1164:1167 1-25 1164:1167 The type strain is 1-25(T) (=CCTCC AB2013265(T) = KCTC 33194(T)). 24817578 14 35 theme T 1190:1190 arg1 33194 1200:1204 =CCTCC AB2013265(T) = KCTC 33194 1173:1204 =CCTCC AB2013265(T) = KCTC 33194(T) 1173:1207 The type strain is 1-25(T) (=CCTCC AB2013265(T) = KCTC 33194(T)). 24817578 4 36 dep acuteserrata 244:255 arg1 Shaanxi 277:283 Shaanxi 277:283 Shaanxi 277:283 acuteserrata in Taibai Mountain, Shaanxi Province, China. 24817578 4 36 dep acuteserrata 244:255 arg1 China 295:299 China 295:299 China 295:299 acuteserrata in Taibai Mountain, Shaanxi Province, China. 24817578 8 37 theme isoprenoid 642:651 arg1 menaquinone-7 677:689 menaquinone-7 677:689 menaquinone-7 677:689 The major isoprenoid quinone was found to be menaquinone-7. 24817578 8 37 theme isoprenoid 642:651 arg1 quinone 653:659 The major isoprenoid quinone 632:659 The major isoprenoid quinone 632:659 The major isoprenoid quinone was found to be menaquinone-7. 24817578 3 38 theme spore-forming 112:124 arg1 bacterium 149:157 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium 95:157 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium 95:157 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium, designated strain 1-25(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Quercus aliena var. 24817578 12 39 theme phenotypic 943:952 arg1 characteristics 954:968 phenotypic characteristics 943:968 phenotypic characteristics 943:968 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and molecular properties, strain 1-25(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus quercus sp. 24817578 11 40 theme DNA 879:881 arg1 content 887:893 The DNA G+C content 875:893 The DNA G+C content 875:893 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 41.6 mol%. 24817578 11 40 theme DNA 879:881 arg1 % 924:924 41.6 mol% 916:924 41.6 mol% 916:924 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 41.6 mol%. 24817578 6 41 dep % 516:516 arg1 95.9  511:515 95.9  511:515 95.9  511:515 Strain 1-25(T) was found to be closely related to Paenibacillus harenae and Paenibacillus castaneae with 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 24817578 6 41 dep % 516:516 arg1 96.0 502:505 96.0 502:505 96.0 502:505 Strain 1-25(T) was found to be closely related to Paenibacillus harenae and Paenibacillus castaneae with 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 24817578 14 42 theme type 1149:1152 arg1 1-25 1164:1167 1-25 1164:1167 1-25 1164:1167 The type strain is 1-25(T) (=CCTCC AB2013265(T) = KCTC 33194(T)). 24817578 14 42 theme type 1149:1152 arg1 strain 1154:1159 The type strain 1145:1159 The type strain 1145:1159 The type strain is 1-25(T) (=CCTCC AB2013265(T) = KCTC 33194(T)). 24817578 6 43 with castaneae 487:495 arg1 similarities 541:552 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 502:552 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 502:552 Strain 1-25(T) was found to be closely related to Paenibacillus harenae and Paenibacillus castaneae with 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 24817578 10 44 theme diamino 789:795 arg1 acid 869:872 meso-diaminopimelic acid 849:872 meso-diaminopimelic acid 849:872 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24817578 10 44 theme diamino 789:795 arg1 acid 797:800 The diagnostic diamino acid 774:800 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 774:831 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24817578 12 45 theme name 1096:1099 arg1 sp 1123:1124 the name Paenibacillus quercus sp 1092:1124 the name Paenibacillus quercus sp 1092:1124 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and molecular properties, strain 1-25(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus quercus sp. 24817578 3 46 theme Gram-positive 97:109 arg1 bacterium 149:157 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium 95:157 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium 95:157 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium, designated strain 1-25(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Quercus aliena var. 24817578 10 47 theme diagnostic 778:787 arg1 acid 869:872 meso-diaminopimelic acid 849:872 meso-diaminopimelic acid 849:872 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24817578 10 47 theme diagnostic 778:787 arg1 acid 797:800 The diagnostic diamino acid 774:800 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 774:831 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24817578 5 48 theme Paenibacillus 382:394 arg1 genus 376:380 the genus Paenibacillus 372:394 the genus Paenibacillus 372:394 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 1-25(T) belongs to the genus Paenibacillus. 24817578 5 49 theme strain 346:351 arg1 1-25 353:356 strain 1-25 346:356 strain 1-25(T) 346:359 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 1-25(T) belongs to the genus Paenibacillus. 24817578 5 49 theme strain 346:351 arg1 T 358:358 T 358:358 T 358:358 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 1-25(T) belongs to the genus Paenibacillus. 24817578 6 50 dep rRNA 522:525 arg1 % 516:516 % 516:516 % 516:516 Strain 1-25(T) was found to be closely related to Paenibacillus harenae and Paenibacillus castaneae with 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 24817578 9 51 theme dominant 696:703 arg1 acids 720:724 The dominant cellular fatty acids 692:724 The dominant cellular fatty acids 692:724 The dominant cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. 24817578 9 51 theme dominant 696:703 arg1 iso-C15:0 763:771 iso-C15:0 763:771 iso-C15:0 763:771 The dominant cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. 24817578 9 51 theme dominant 696:703 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 745:757 anteiso-C15:0 745:757 anteiso-C15:0 745:757 The dominant cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. 24817578 10 52 theme cell-wall 809:817 arg1 peptidoglycan 819:831 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 805:831 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 805:831 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24817578 9 53 theme cellular 705:712 arg1 acids 720:724 The dominant cellular fatty acids 692:724 The dominant cellular fatty acids 692:724 The dominant cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. 24817578 9 53 theme cellular 705:712 arg1 iso-C15:0 763:771 iso-C15:0 763:771 iso-C15:0 763:771 The dominant cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. 24817578 9 53 theme cellular 705:712 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 745:757 anteiso-C15:0 745:757 anteiso-C15:0 745:757 The dominant cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. 24817578 3 54 theme motile 142:147 arg1 bacterium 149:157 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium 95:157 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium 95:157 A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium, designated strain 1-25(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Quercus aliena var. 24817578 12 55 theme Paenibacillus 1101:1113 arg1 sp 1123:1124 the name Paenibacillus quercus sp 1092:1124 the name Paenibacillus quercus sp 1092:1124 On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and molecular properties, strain 1-25(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus quercus sp. 24817578 6 56 theme Paenibacillus 473:485 arg1 castaneae 487:495 Paenibacillus castaneae 473:495 Paenibacillus castaneae 473:495 Strain 1-25(T) was found to be closely related to Paenibacillus harenae and Paenibacillus castaneae with 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 24817578 9 57 theme fatty 714:718 arg1 acids 720:724 The dominant cellular fatty acids 692:724 The dominant cellular fatty acids 692:724 The dominant cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. 24817578 9 57 theme fatty 714:718 arg1 iso-C15:0 763:771 iso-C15:0 763:771 iso-C15:0 763:771 The dominant cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. 24817578 9 57 theme fatty 714:718 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 745:757 anteiso-C15:0 745:757 anteiso-C15:0 745:757 The dominant cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. 24817578 6 58 theme gene 527:530 arg1 similarities 541:552 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 502:552 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 502:552 Strain 1-25(T) was found to be closely related to Paenibacillus harenae and Paenibacillus castaneae with 96.0 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. 24817578 11 59 theme 41.6 mol 916:923 arg1 content 887:893 The DNA G+C content 875:893 The DNA G+C content 875:893 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 41.6 mol%. 24817578 11 59 theme 41.6 mol 916:923 arg1 % 924:924 41.6 mol% 916:924 41.6 mol% 916:924 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 41.6 mol%. 24305778 3 0 theme lifespan-extending 294:311 arg1 effect 313:318 the lifespan-extending effect 290:318 the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster 290:434 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 10 1 dep genes 1239:1243 arg1 Metchnikowin 1270:1281 Metchnikowin 1270:1281 Metchnikowin 1270:1281 In the intestines LH and HM pectins induced the mRNA expression of the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin. 24305778 10 1 dep genes 1239:1243 arg1 genes 1239:1243 the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin 1205:1281 the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin 1205:1281 In the intestines LH and HM pectins induced the mRNA expression of the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin. 24305778 10 1 dep genes 1239:1243 arg1 Drosomycin 1255:1264 Drosomycin 1255:1264 Drosomycin 1255:1264 In the intestines LH and HM pectins induced the mRNA expression of the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin. 24305778 10 1 dep genes 1239:1243 arg1 Defensin 1245:1252 Defensin 1245:1252 Defensin 1245:1252 In the intestines LH and HM pectins induced the mRNA expression of the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin. 24305778 8 2 theme expression 939:948 arg1 wrinkled/hid 1019:1030 wrinkled/hid 1019:1030 wrinkled/hid 1019:1030 The treatment of the imagoes with LH and HM pectins induced the activation of whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B), apoptosis (wrinkled/hid) and heat shock response (hsp70Aa). 24305778 8 2 theme expression 939:948 arg1 apoptosis 1008:1016 apoptosis 1008:1016 apoptosis (wrinkled/hid) 1008:1031 The treatment of the imagoes with LH and HM pectins induced the activation of whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B), apoptosis (wrinkled/hid) and heat shock response (hsp70Aa). 24305778 8 2 theme expression 939:948 arg1 activation 914:923 the activation 910:923 the activation of whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B) 910:1005 The treatment of the imagoes with LH and HM pectins induced the activation of whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B), apoptosis (wrinkled/hid) and heat shock response (hsp70Aa). 24305778 8 2 theme expression 939:948 arg1 hsp70Aa 1058:1064 hsp70Aa 1058:1064 hsp70Aa 1058:1064 The treatment of the imagoes with LH and HM pectins induced the activation of whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B), apoptosis (wrinkled/hid) and heat shock response (hsp70Aa). 24305778 8 2 theme expression 939:948 arg1 response 1048:1055 heat shock response 1037:1055 heat shock response (hsp70Aa) 1037:1065 The treatment of the imagoes with LH and HM pectins induced the activation of whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B), apoptosis (wrinkled/hid) and heat shock response (hsp70Aa). 24305778 8 3 theme imagoes 871:877 arg1 treatment 854:862 The treatment 850:862 The treatment of the imagoes with LH and HM pectins 850:900 The treatment of the imagoes with LH and HM pectins induced the activation of whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B), apoptosis (wrinkled/hid) and heat shock response (hsp70Aa). 24305778 1 4 theme major 124:128 arg1 factors 142:148 the major determining factors 120:148 the major determining factors for lifespan 120:161 The composition of diet is one of the major determining factors for lifespan. 24305778 11 5 theme lifespan-extending 1325:1342 arg1 effect 1344:1349 the observed lifespan-extending effect 1312:1349 the observed lifespan-extending effect of the LM pectins 1312:1367 These results indicate that the observed lifespan-extending effect of the LM pectins may be mediated by intracellular pathways that involve NF-κB signalling and activation of stress resistance genes. 24305778 0 6 from effects 4:10 arg1 span 31:34 life span 26:34 life span 26:34 The effects of pectins on life span and stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 0 6 from effects 4:10 arg1 resistance 47:56 stress resistance 40:56 stress resistance 40:56 The effects of pectins on life span and stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 8 7 theme whole-body 928:937 arg1 expression 939:948 whole-body expression 928:948 whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B) 928:1005 The treatment of the imagoes with LH and HM pectins induced the activation of whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B), apoptosis (wrinkled/hid) and heat shock response (hsp70Aa). 24305778 1 8 theme determining 130:140 arg1 factors 142:148 the major determining factors 120:148 the major determining factors for lifespan 120:161 The composition of diet is one of the major determining factors for lifespan. 24305778 11 9 theme LM 1358:1359 arg1 pectins 1361:1367 the LM pectins 1354:1367 the LM pectins 1354:1367 These results indicate that the observed lifespan-extending effect of the LM pectins may be mediated by intracellular pathways that involve NF-κB signalling and activation of stress resistance genes. 24305778 3 10 theme esterified 338:347 arg1 LM 350:351 LM 350:351 LM 350:351 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 3 10 theme esterified 338:347 arg1 pectins 365:371 the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins 323:371 the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 323:387 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 3 10 theme esterified 338:347 arg1 AU701 383:387 AU701 383:387 AU701 383:387 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 3 10 theme esterified 338:347 arg1 CU701 373:377 CU701 373:377 CU701 373:377 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 11 11 theme resistance 1466:1475 arg1 genes 1477:1481 stress resistance genes 1459:1481 stress resistance genes 1459:1481 These results indicate that the observed lifespan-extending effect of the LM pectins may be mediated by intracellular pathways that involve NF-κB signalling and activation of stress resistance genes. 24305778 8 12 theme genes 953:957 arg1 expression 939:948 whole-body expression 928:948 whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B) 928:1005 The treatment of the imagoes with LH and HM pectins induced the activation of whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B), apoptosis (wrinkled/hid) and heat shock response (hsp70Aa). 24305778 8 13 theme LH 884:885 arg1 pectins 894:900 LH and HM pectins 884:900 LH and HM pectins 884:900 The treatment of the imagoes with LH and HM pectins induced the activation of whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B), apoptosis (wrinkled/hid) and heat shock response (hsp70Aa). 24305778 10 14 theme NF-κB-dependent 1209:1223 arg1 Metchnikowin 1270:1281 Metchnikowin 1270:1281 Metchnikowin 1270:1281 In the intestines LH and HM pectins induced the mRNA expression of the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin. 24305778 10 14 theme NF-κB-dependent 1209:1223 arg1 genes 1239:1243 the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin 1205:1281 the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin 1205:1281 In the intestines LH and HM pectins induced the mRNA expression of the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin. 24305778 10 14 theme NF-κB-dependent 1209:1223 arg1 Drosomycin 1255:1264 Drosomycin 1255:1264 Drosomycin 1255:1264 In the intestines LH and HM pectins induced the mRNA expression of the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin. 24305778 10 14 theme NF-κB-dependent 1209:1223 arg1 Defensin 1245:1252 Defensin 1245:1252 Defensin 1245:1252 In the intestines LH and HM pectins induced the mRNA expression of the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin. 24305778 5 15 theme ortholog 658:665 arg1 Relish 667:672 the NF-κB ortholog Relish 648:672 the NF-κB ortholog Relish 648:672 LM pectin did not increase lifespan of males with a mutation in the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene and in both males and females with a mutation in the NF-κB ortholog Relish. 24305778 4 16 theme esterified 453:462 arg1 CU201 476:480 The high methyl esterified (HM) pectin CU201 437:480 The high methyl esterified (HM) pectin CU201 437:480 The high methyl esterified (HM) pectin CU201 did not affect lifespan. 24305778 3 17 dep pectins 365:371 arg1 pectins 365:371 the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins 323:371 the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 323:387 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 3 17 dep pectins 365:371 arg1 AU701 383:387 AU701 383:387 AU701 383:387 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 3 17 dep pectins 365:371 arg1 CU701 373:377 CU701 373:377 CU701 373:377 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 11 18 theme stress 1459:1464 arg1 genes 1477:1481 stress resistance genes 1459:1481 stress resistance genes 1459:1481 These results indicate that the observed lifespan-extending effect of the LM pectins may be mediated by intracellular pathways that involve NF-κB signalling and activation of stress resistance genes. 24305778 5 19 from mutation 636:643 arg1 Relish 667:672 the NF-κB ortholog Relish 648:672 the NF-κB ortholog Relish 648:672 LM pectin did not increase lifespan of males with a mutation in the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene and in both males and females with a mutation in the NF-κB ortholog Relish. 24305778 3 20 theme low 327:329 arg1 LM 350:351 LM 350:351 LM 350:351 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 3 20 theme low 327:329 arg1 pectins 365:371 the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins 323:371 the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 323:387 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 3 20 theme low 327:329 arg1 AU701 383:387 AU701 383:387 AU701 383:387 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 3 20 theme low 327:329 arg1 CU701 373:377 CU701 373:377 CU701 373:377 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 0 21 from span 31:34 arg1 melanogaster 72:83 Drosophila melanogaster 61:83 Drosophila melanogaster 61:83 The effects of pectins on life span and stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 7 22 dep flies 833:837 arg1 decreased 839:847 decreased 839:847 flies decreased 833:847 However, the fertility of LM and HM pectins treated flies decreased. 24305778 5 23 with males 611:615 arg1 mutation 636:643 a mutation 634:643 a mutation in the NF-κB ortholog Relish 634:672 LM pectin did not increase lifespan of males with a mutation in the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene and in both males and females with a mutation in the NF-κB ortholog Relish. 24305778 1 24 theme factors 142:148 arg1 factors 142:148 the major determining factors 120:148 the major determining factors for lifespan 120:161 The composition of diet is one of the major determining factors for lifespan. 24305778 1 24 theme factors 142:148 arg1 one 113:115 one 113:115 one 113:115 The composition of diet is one of the major determining factors for lifespan. 24305778 1 24 theme factors 142:148 arg1 composition 90:100 The composition 86:100 The composition of diet 86:108 The composition of diet is one of the major determining factors for lifespan. 24305778 3 25 theme methyl 331:336 arg1 LM 350:351 LM 350:351 LM 350:351 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 3 25 theme methyl 331:336 arg1 pectins 365:371 the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins 323:371 the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 323:387 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 3 25 theme methyl 331:336 arg1 AU701 383:387 AU701 383:387 AU701 383:387 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 3 25 theme methyl 331:336 arg1 CU701 373:377 CU701 373:377 CU701 373:377 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 5 26 theme Toll 575:578 arg1 gene 594:597 the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene 571:597 the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene 571:597 LM pectin did not increase lifespan of males with a mutation in the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene and in both males and females with a mutation in the NF-κB ortholog Relish. 24305778 6 27 theme stress 721:726 arg1 starvation 768:777 starvation 768:777 starvation 768:777 LM pectin CU701 increased imagoes survival in stress conditions (oxidation, hyperthermia and starvation). 24305778 6 27 theme stress 721:726 arg1 hyperthermia 751:762 hyperthermia 751:762 hyperthermia 751:762 LM pectin CU701 increased imagoes survival in stress conditions (oxidation, hyperthermia and starvation). 24305778 6 27 theme stress 721:726 arg1 oxidation 740:748 oxidation 740:748 oxidation 740:748 LM pectin CU701 increased imagoes survival in stress conditions (oxidation, hyperthermia and starvation). 24305778 6 27 theme stress 721:726 arg1 conditions 728:737 stress conditions 721:737 stress conditions (oxidation, hyperthermia and starvation) 721:778 LM pectin CU701 increased imagoes survival in stress conditions (oxidation, hyperthermia and starvation). 24305778 9 28 theme proinflammatory 1099:1113 arg1 gene 1122:1125 proinflammatory PARP-1 gene 1099:1125 proinflammatory PARP-1 gene 1099:1125 In contrast, the expression of proinflammatory PARP-1 gene decreased. 24305778 4 29 theme high 441:444 arg1 CU201 476:480 The high methyl esterified (HM) pectin CU201 437:480 The high methyl esterified (HM) pectin CU201 437:480 The high methyl esterified (HM) pectin CU201 did not affect lifespan. 24305778 3 30 theme commercial 354:363 arg1 LM 350:351 LM 350:351 LM 350:351 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 3 30 theme commercial 354:363 arg1 pectins 365:371 the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins 323:371 the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 323:387 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 3 30 theme commercial 354:363 arg1 AU701 383:387 AU701 383:387 AU701 383:387 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 3 30 theme commercial 354:363 arg1 CU701 373:377 CU701 373:377 CU701 373:377 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 5 31 theme adaptor 580:586 arg1 gene 594:597 the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene 571:597 the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene 571:597 LM pectin did not increase lifespan of males with a mutation in the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene and in both males and females with a mutation in the NF-κB ortholog Relish. 24305778 8 32 dep repair 975:980 arg1 spn-B 1000:1004 spn-B 1000:1004 spn-B 1000:1004 The treatment of the imagoes with LH and HM pectins induced the activation of whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B), apoptosis (wrinkled/hid) and heat shock response (hsp70Aa). 24305778 8 32 dep repair 975:980 arg1 mei-9 993:997 mei-9 993:997 mei-9 993:997 The treatment of the imagoes with LH and HM pectins induced the activation of whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B), apoptosis (wrinkled/hid) and heat shock response (hsp70Aa). 24305778 8 32 dep repair 975:980 arg1 D-GADD45 983:990 D-GADD45 983:990 D-GADD45 983:990 The treatment of the imagoes with LH and HM pectins induced the activation of whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B), apoptosis (wrinkled/hid) and heat shock response (hsp70Aa). 24305778 4 33 theme methyl 446:451 arg1 CU201 476:480 The high methyl esterified (HM) pectin CU201 437:480 The high methyl esterified (HM) pectin CU201 437:480 The high methyl esterified (HM) pectin CU201 did not affect lifespan. 24305778 3 34 theme wild-type 392:400 arg1 strain 402:407 wild-type strain 392:407 wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster 392:434 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 3 35 theme pectins 365:371 arg1 effect 313:318 the lifespan-extending effect 290:318 the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster 290:434 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 5 36 theme Myd88 588:592 arg1 gene 594:597 the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene 571:597 the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene 571:597 LM pectin did not increase lifespan of males with a mutation in the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene and in both males and females with a mutation in the NF-κB ortholog Relish. 24305778 11 37 theme observed 1316:1323 arg1 effect 1344:1349 the observed lifespan-extending effect 1312:1349 the observed lifespan-extending effect of the LM pectins 1312:1367 These results indicate that the observed lifespan-extending effect of the LM pectins may be mediated by intracellular pathways that involve NF-κB signalling and activation of stress resistance genes. 24305778 0 38 theme pectins 15:21 arg1 effects 4:10 The effects 0:10 The effects of pectins on life span and stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster 0:83 The effects of pectins on life span and stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 10 39 theme LH 1156:1157 arg1 pectins 1166:1172 LH and HM pectins 1156:1172 LH and HM pectins 1156:1172 In the intestines LH and HM pectins induced the mRNA expression of the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin. 24305778 5 40 theme males 546:550 arg1 lifespan 534:541 lifespan 534:541 lifespan of males with a mutation in the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene and in both males and females with a mutation in the NF-κB ortholog Relish 534:672 LM pectin did not increase lifespan of males with a mutation in the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene and in both males and females with a mutation in the NF-κB ortholog Relish. 24305778 6 41 dep conditions 728:737 arg1 starvation 768:777 starvation 768:777 starvation 768:777 LM pectin CU701 increased imagoes survival in stress conditions (oxidation, hyperthermia and starvation). 24305778 6 41 dep conditions 728:737 arg1 hyperthermia 751:762 hyperthermia 751:762 hyperthermia 751:762 LM pectin CU701 increased imagoes survival in stress conditions (oxidation, hyperthermia and starvation). 24305778 6 41 dep conditions 728:737 arg1 oxidation 740:748 oxidation 740:748 oxidation 740:748 LM pectin CU701 increased imagoes survival in stress conditions (oxidation, hyperthermia and starvation). 24305778 6 41 dep conditions 728:737 arg1 conditions 728:737 stress conditions 721:737 stress conditions (oxidation, hyperthermia and starvation) 721:778 LM pectin CU701 increased imagoes survival in stress conditions (oxidation, hyperthermia and starvation). 24305778 4 42 dep esterified 453:462 arg1 HM 465:466 HM 465:466 HM 465:466 The high methyl esterified (HM) pectin CU201 did not affect lifespan. 24305778 11 43 theme genes 1477:1481 arg1 signalling 1430:1439 NF-κB signalling 1424:1439 NF-κB signalling 1424:1439 These results indicate that the observed lifespan-extending effect of the LM pectins may be mediated by intracellular pathways that involve NF-κB signalling and activation of stress resistance genes. 24305778 11 43 theme genes 1477:1481 arg1 activation 1445:1454 activation 1445:1454 activation of stress resistance genes 1445:1481 These results indicate that the observed lifespan-extending effect of the LM pectins may be mediated by intracellular pathways that involve NF-κB signalling and activation of stress resistance genes. 24305778 0 44 theme life 26:29 arg1 span 31:34 life span 26:34 life span 26:34 The effects of pectins on life span and stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 5 45 with lifespan 534:541 arg1 mutation 559:566 a mutation 557:566 a mutation in the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene 557:597 LM pectin did not increase lifespan of males with a mutation in the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene and in both males and females with a mutation in the NF-κB ortholog Relish. 24305778 2 46 theme anti-inflammatory 202:218 arg1 properties 220:229 anti-inflammatory properties 202:229 anti-inflammatory properties 202:229 The dietary pectins are known to have anti-inflammatory properties and may influence aging and longevity. 24305778 10 47 theme HM 1163:1164 arg1 pectins 1166:1172 LH and HM pectins 1156:1172 LH and HM pectins 1156:1172 In the intestines LH and HM pectins induced the mRNA expression of the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin. 24305778 3 48 theme melanogaster 423:434 arg1 strain 402:407 wild-type strain 392:407 wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster 392:434 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 5 49 with females 621:627 arg1 mutation 636:643 a mutation 634:643 a mutation in the NF-κB ortholog Relish 634:672 LM pectin did not increase lifespan of males with a mutation in the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene and in both males and females with a mutation in the NF-κB ortholog Relish. 24305778 0 50 from resistance 47:56 arg1 melanogaster 72:83 Drosophila melanogaster 61:83 Drosophila melanogaster 61:83 The effects of pectins on life span and stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 5 51 theme LM 507:508 arg1 pectin 510:515 LM pectin 507:515 LM pectin 507:515 LM pectin did not increase lifespan of males with a mutation in the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene and in both males and females with a mutation in the NF-κB ortholog Relish. 24305778 8 52 theme shock 1042:1046 arg1 hsp70Aa 1058:1064 hsp70Aa 1058:1064 hsp70Aa 1058:1064 The treatment of the imagoes with LH and HM pectins induced the activation of whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B), apoptosis (wrinkled/hid) and heat shock response (hsp70Aa). 24305778 8 52 theme shock 1042:1046 arg1 response 1048:1055 heat shock response 1037:1055 heat shock response (hsp70Aa) 1037:1065 The treatment of the imagoes with LH and HM pectins induced the activation of whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B), apoptosis (wrinkled/hid) and heat shock response (hsp70Aa). 24305778 5 53 theme NF-κB 652:656 arg1 Relish 667:672 the NF-κB ortholog Relish 648:672 the NF-κB ortholog Relish 648:672 LM pectin did not increase lifespan of males with a mutation in the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene and in both males and females with a mutation in the NF-κB ortholog Relish. 24305778 9 54 theme PARP-1 1115:1120 arg1 gene 1122:1125 proinflammatory PARP-1 gene 1099:1125 proinflammatory PARP-1 gene 1099:1125 In contrast, the expression of proinflammatory PARP-1 gene decreased. 24305778 9 55 theme gene 1122:1125 arg1 expression 1085:1094 the expression 1081:1094 the expression of proinflammatory PARP-1 gene 1081:1125 In contrast, the expression of proinflammatory PARP-1 gene decreased. 24305778 6 56 theme pectin 678:683 arg1 CU701 685:689 LM pectin CU701 675:689 LM pectin CU701 675:689 LM pectin CU701 increased imagoes survival in stress conditions (oxidation, hyperthermia and starvation). 24305778 1 57 theme diet 105:108 arg1 factors 142:148 the major determining factors 120:148 the major determining factors for lifespan 120:161 The composition of diet is one of the major determining factors for lifespan. 24305778 1 57 theme diet 105:108 arg1 one 113:115 one 113:115 one 113:115 The composition of diet is one of the major determining factors for lifespan. 24305778 1 57 theme diet 105:108 arg1 composition 90:100 The composition 86:100 The composition of diet 86:108 The composition of diet is one of the major determining factors for lifespan. 24305778 6 58 theme imagoes 701:707 arg1 survival 709:716 imagoes survival 701:716 imagoes survival 701:716 LM pectin CU701 increased imagoes survival in stress conditions (oxidation, hyperthermia and starvation). 24305778 3 59 from effect 313:318 arg1 strain 402:407 wild-type strain 392:407 wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster 392:434 Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 6 60 theme LM 675:676 arg1 CU701 685:689 LM pectin CU701 675:689 LM pectin CU701 675:689 LM pectin CU701 increased imagoes survival in stress conditions (oxidation, hyperthermia and starvation). 24305778 8 61 theme HM 891:892 arg1 pectins 894:900 LH and HM pectins 884:900 LH and HM pectins 884:900 The treatment of the imagoes with LH and HM pectins induced the activation of whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B), apoptosis (wrinkled/hid) and heat shock response (hsp70Aa). 24305778 8 62 theme heat 1037:1040 arg1 hsp70Aa 1058:1064 hsp70Aa 1058:1064 hsp70Aa 1058:1064 The treatment of the imagoes with LH and HM pectins induced the activation of whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B), apoptosis (wrinkled/hid) and heat shock response (hsp70Aa). 24305778 8 62 theme heat 1037:1040 arg1 response 1048:1055 heat shock response 1037:1055 heat shock response (hsp70Aa) 1037:1065 The treatment of the imagoes with LH and HM pectins induced the activation of whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B), apoptosis (wrinkled/hid) and heat shock response (hsp70Aa). 24305778 10 63 theme mRNA 1186:1189 arg1 expression 1191:1200 the mRNA expression 1182:1200 the mRNA expression of the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin 1182:1281 In the intestines LH and HM pectins induced the mRNA expression of the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin. 24305778 2 64 theme dietary 168:174 arg1 pectins 176:182 The dietary pectins 164:182 The dietary pectins 164:182 The dietary pectins are known to have anti-inflammatory properties and may influence aging and longevity. 24305778 5 65 from lifespan 534:541 arg1 females 621:627 females 621:627 females with a mutation in the NF-κB ortholog Relish 621:672 LM pectin did not increase lifespan of males with a mutation in the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene and in both males and females with a mutation in the NF-κB ortholog Relish. 24305778 5 65 from lifespan 534:541 arg1 males 611:615 males 611:615 males 611:615 LM pectin did not increase lifespan of males with a mutation in the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene and in both males and females with a mutation in the NF-κB ortholog Relish. 24305778 7 66 theme HM 814:815 arg1 pectins 817:823 LM and HM pectins 807:823 LM and HM pectins treated 807:831 However, the fertility of LM and HM pectins treated flies decreased. 24305778 11 67 theme pectins 1361:1367 arg1 effect 1344:1349 the observed lifespan-extending effect 1312:1349 the observed lifespan-extending effect of the LM pectins 1312:1367 These results indicate that the observed lifespan-extending effect of the LM pectins may be mediated by intracellular pathways that involve NF-κB signalling and activation of stress resistance genes. 24305778 8 68 theme DNA 971:973 arg1 repair 975:980 DNA repair 971:980 DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B) 971:1005 The treatment of the imagoes with LH and HM pectins induced the activation of whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B), apoptosis (wrinkled/hid) and heat shock response (hsp70Aa). 24305778 11 69 theme intracellular 1388:1400 arg1 pathways 1402:1409 intracellular pathways 1388:1409 intracellular pathways that involve NF-κB signalling and activation of stress resistance genes 1388:1481 These results indicate that the observed lifespan-extending effect of the LM pectins may be mediated by intracellular pathways that involve NF-κB signalling and activation of stress resistance genes. 24305778 10 70 theme genes 1239:1243 arg1 expression 1191:1200 the mRNA expression 1182:1200 the mRNA expression of the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin 1182:1281 In the intestines LH and HM pectins induced the mRNA expression of the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin. 24305778 5 71 from mutation 559:566 arg1 gene 594:597 the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene 571:597 the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene 571:597 LM pectin did not increase lifespan of males with a mutation in the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene and in both males and females with a mutation in the NF-κB ortholog Relish. 24305778 7 72 theme pectins 817:823 arg1 fertility 794:802 the fertility 790:802 the fertility of LM and HM pectins treated 790:831 However, the fertility of LM and HM pectins treated flies decreased. 24305778 0 73 theme stress 40:45 arg1 resistance 47:56 stress resistance 40:56 stress resistance 40:56 The effects of pectins on life span and stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. 24305778 4 74 theme pectin 469:474 arg1 CU201 476:480 The high methyl esterified (HM) pectin CU201 437:480 The high methyl esterified (HM) pectin CU201 437:480 The high methyl esterified (HM) pectin CU201 did not affect lifespan. 24305778 10 75 theme antimicrobial 1225:1237 arg1 Metchnikowin 1270:1281 Metchnikowin 1270:1281 Metchnikowin 1270:1281 In the intestines LH and HM pectins induced the mRNA expression of the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin. 24305778 10 75 theme antimicrobial 1225:1237 arg1 genes 1239:1243 the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin 1205:1281 the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin 1205:1281 In the intestines LH and HM pectins induced the mRNA expression of the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin. 24305778 10 75 theme antimicrobial 1225:1237 arg1 Drosomycin 1255:1264 Drosomycin 1255:1264 Drosomycin 1255:1264 In the intestines LH and HM pectins induced the mRNA expression of the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin. 24305778 10 75 theme antimicrobial 1225:1237 arg1 Defensin 1245:1252 Defensin 1245:1252 Defensin 1245:1252 In the intestines LH and HM pectins induced the mRNA expression of the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin. 24305778 8 76 with treatment 854:862 arg1 pectins 894:900 LH and HM pectins 884:900 LH and HM pectins 884:900 The treatment of the imagoes with LH and HM pectins induced the activation of whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B), apoptosis (wrinkled/hid) and heat shock response (hsp70Aa). 24305778 7 77 theme LM 807:808 arg1 pectins 817:823 LM and HM pectins 807:823 LM and HM pectins treated 807:831 However, the fertility of LM and HM pectins treated flies decreased. 24305778 11 78 theme NF-κB 1424:1428 arg1 signalling 1430:1439 NF-κB signalling 1424:1439 NF-κB signalling 1424:1439 These results indicate that the observed lifespan-extending effect of the LM pectins may be mediated by intracellular pathways that involve NF-κB signalling and activation of stress resistance genes. 23896971 6 0 theme AIEC 932:935 arg1 strain 937:942 AIEC strain LF82 932:947 AIEC strain LF82 932:947 METHODS Germ-free mice (wild type (WT) and T5KO) were inoculated with AIEC strain LF82 and placed in standard housing allowing a complex microbiota that eliminated AIEC in both mice strains. 23896971 11 1 theme AIEC 1673:1676 arg1 clearance 1678:1686 AIEC clearance 1673:1686 AIEC clearance 1673:1686 Such AIEC-induced elevation of LPS and flagellin persisted well beyond AIEC clearance, required AIEC be flagellated, and was associated with alteration in microbiota species composition including a loss of species diversity. 23896971 6 2 theme METHODS 862:868 arg1 mice 880:883 METHODS Germ-free mice 862:883 METHODS Germ-free mice (wild type (WT) and T5KO) 862:909 METHODS Germ-free mice (wild type (WT) and T5KO) were inoculated with AIEC strain LF82 and placed in standard housing allowing a complex microbiota that eliminated AIEC in both mice strains. 23896971 6 2 theme METHODS 862:868 arg1 type 891:894 wild type 886:894 wild type (WT) 886:899 METHODS Germ-free mice (wild type (WT) and T5KO) were inoculated with AIEC strain LF82 and placed in standard housing allowing a complex microbiota that eliminated AIEC in both mice strains. 23896971 6 2 theme METHODS 862:868 arg1 T5KO 905:908 T5KO 905:908 T5KO 905:908 METHODS Germ-free mice (wild type (WT) and T5KO) were inoculated with AIEC strain LF82 and placed in standard housing allowing a complex microbiota that eliminated AIEC in both mice strains. 23896971 3 3 theme T5KO 517:520 arg1 colitis 522:528 T5KO colitis 517:528 T5KO colitis 517:528 T5KO colitis persisted beyond AIEC clearance and requires TLR4 and the NLRC4 inflammasome. 23896971 8 4 theme Faecal 1178:1183 arg1 LPS 1185:1187 Faecal LPS 1178:1187 Faecal LPS 1178:1187 Faecal LPS and flagellin bioactivity were measured via a cell-based reporter assay. 23896971 1 5 theme environmental 266:278 arg1 factors 280:286 environmental factors 266:286 environmental factors 266:286 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is driven by a seemingly aberrant immune response to the gut microbiota with disease development dictated by genetics and environmental factors. 23896971 10 6 theme flagellin 1591:1599 arg1 levels 1563:1568 higher levels 1556:1568 higher levels of bioactive LPS and flagellin 1556:1599 By contrast, transient AIEC colonisation of T5KO mice drove chronic inflammation which correlated with microbiota components having higher levels of bioactive LPS and flagellin. 23896971 11 7 theme Such 1602:1605 arg1 elevation 1620:1628 Such AIEC-induced elevation 1602:1628 Such AIEC-induced elevation of LPS and flagellin 1602:1649 Such AIEC-induced elevation of LPS and flagellin persisted well beyond AIEC clearance, required AIEC be flagellated, and was associated with alteration in microbiota species composition including a loss of species diversity. 23896971 3 8 theme AIEC 547:550 arg1 clearance 552:560 AIEC clearance 547:560 AIEC clearance 547:560 T5KO colitis persisted beyond AIEC clearance and requires TLR4 and the NLRC4 inflammasome. 23896971 1 9 theme aberrant 169:176 arg1 response 185:192 a seemingly aberrant immune response 157:192 a seemingly aberrant immune response to the gut microbiota with disease development dictated by genetics and environmental factors 157:286 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is driven by a seemingly aberrant immune response to the gut microbiota with disease development dictated by genetics and environmental factors. 23896971 7 10 theme inflammatory 1081:1092 arg1 marker 1094:1099 the inflammatory marker 1077:1099 the inflammatory marker 1077:1099 Faeces were assayed for the inflammatory marker, lipocalin-2, bacterial loads, and microbiota composition by pyrosequencing. 23896971 6 11 theme standard 963:970 arg1 housing 972:978 standard housing 963:978 standard housing allowing a complex microbiota that eliminated AIEC in both mice strains 963:1050 METHODS Germ-free mice (wild type (WT) and T5KO) were inoculated with AIEC strain LF82 and placed in standard housing allowing a complex microbiota that eliminated AIEC in both mice strains. 23896971 9 12 theme RESULTS 1262:1268 arg1 colonisation 1285:1296 RESULTS Transient AIEC colonisation 1262:1296 RESULTS Transient AIEC colonisation 1262:1296 RESULTS Transient AIEC colonisation, in WT mice, did not alter inflammatory markers, bacterial loads, microbiota composition, nor its pro-inflammatory potential. 23896971 8 13 theme reporter 1246:1253 arg1 assay 1255:1259 a cell-based reporter assay 1233:1259 a cell-based reporter assay 1233:1259 Faecal LPS and flagellin bioactivity were measured via a cell-based reporter assay. 23896971 12 14 theme immunity/pro-inflammatory 2041:2065 arg1 expression 2072:2081 innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression 2034:2081 innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression 2034:2081 CONCLUSIONS AIEC, and perhaps other pathobionts, may instigate chronic inflammation in susceptible hosts by altering the gut microbiota composition so as to give it an inherently greater ability to activate innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression. 23896971 9 15 theme AIEC 1280:1283 arg1 colonisation 1285:1296 RESULTS Transient AIEC colonisation 1262:1296 RESULTS Transient AIEC colonisation 1262:1296 RESULTS Transient AIEC colonisation, in WT mice, did not alter inflammatory markers, bacterial loads, microbiota composition, nor its pro-inflammatory potential. 23896971 11 16 from alteration 1743:1752 arg1 composition 1776:1786 microbiota species composition 1757:1786 microbiota species composition including a loss of species diversity 1757:1824 Such AIEC-induced elevation of LPS and flagellin persisted well beyond AIEC clearance, required AIEC be flagellated, and was associated with alteration in microbiota species composition including a loss of species diversity. 23896971 9 17 theme WT 1302:1303 arg1 mice 1305:1308 WT mice 1302:1308 WT mice 1302:1308 RESULTS Transient AIEC colonisation, in WT mice, did not alter inflammatory markers, bacterial loads, microbiota composition, nor its pro-inflammatory potential. 23896971 10 18 contain having 1549:1554 arg2 levels 1563:1568 higher levels 1556:1568 higher levels of bioactive LPS and flagellin 1556:1599 By contrast, transient AIEC colonisation of T5KO mice drove chronic inflammation which correlated with microbiota components having higher levels of bioactive LPS and flagellin. 23896971 10 18 contain having 1549:1554 arg1 components 1538:1547 microbiota components 1527:1547 microbiota components having higher levels of bioactive LPS and flagellin 1527:1599 By contrast, transient AIEC colonisation of T5KO mice drove chronic inflammation which correlated with microbiota components having higher levels of bioactive LPS and flagellin. 23896971 10 19 theme T5KO 1468:1471 arg1 mice 1473:1476 T5KO mice 1468:1476 T5KO mice 1468:1476 By contrast, transient AIEC colonisation of T5KO mice drove chronic inflammation which correlated with microbiota components having higher levels of bioactive LPS and flagellin. 23896971 11 20 theme diversity 1816:1824 arg1 loss 1800:1803 a loss 1798:1803 a loss of species diversity 1798:1824 Such AIEC-induced elevation of LPS and flagellin persisted well beyond AIEC clearance, required AIEC be flagellated, and was associated with alteration in microbiota species composition including a loss of species diversity. 23896971 0 21 theme microbiota 76:85 arg1 composition 87:97 microbiota composition 76:97 microbiota composition 76:97 AIEC pathobiont instigates chronic colitis in susceptible hosts by altering microbiota composition. 23896971 10 22 theme transient 1437:1445 arg1 colonisation 1452:1463 transient AIEC colonisation 1437:1463 transient AIEC colonisation of T5KO mice 1437:1476 By contrast, transient AIEC colonisation of T5KO mice drove chronic inflammation which correlated with microbiota components having higher levels of bioactive LPS and flagellin. 23896971 12 23 dep it 1989:1990 arg1 ability 2014:2020 an inherently greater ability to activate innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression 1992:2081 it an inherently greater ability to activate innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression 1989:2081 CONCLUSIONS AIEC, and perhaps other pathobionts, may instigate chronic inflammation in susceptible hosts by altering the gut microbiota composition so as to give it an inherently greater ability to activate innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression. 23896971 5 24 theme AIEC 763:766 arg1 colonisation 768:779 transient AIEC colonisation 753:779 transient AIEC colonisation 753:779 GOAL Examine if transient AIEC colonisation lastingly alters levels of LPS and flagellin and changes microbiota composition. 23896971 6 25 theme complex 991:997 arg1 microbiota 999:1008 a complex microbiota 989:1008 a complex microbiota that eliminated AIEC in both mice strains 989:1050 METHODS Germ-free mice (wild type (WT) and T5KO) were inoculated with AIEC strain LF82 and placed in standard housing allowing a complex microbiota that eliminated AIEC in both mice strains. 23896971 9 26 theme inflammatory 1325:1336 arg1 markers 1338:1344 inflammatory markers 1325:1344 inflammatory markers 1325:1344 RESULTS Transient AIEC colonisation, in WT mice, did not alter inflammatory markers, bacterial loads, microbiota composition, nor its pro-inflammatory potential. 23896971 0 27 from colitis 35:41 arg1 hosts 58:62 susceptible hosts 46:62 susceptible hosts 46:62 AIEC pathobiont instigates chronic colitis in susceptible hosts by altering microbiota composition. 23896971 0 28 theme AIEC 0:3 arg1 pathobiont 5:14 AIEC pathobiont 0:14 AIEC pathobiont 0:14 AIEC pathobiont instigates chronic colitis in susceptible hosts by altering microbiota composition. 23896971 12 29 theme gut 1948:1950 arg1 composition 1963:1973 the gut microbiota composition 1944:1973 the gut microbiota composition so as to give it an inherently greater ability to activate innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression 1944:2081 CONCLUSIONS AIEC, and perhaps other pathobionts, may instigate chronic inflammation in susceptible hosts by altering the gut microbiota composition so as to give it an inherently greater ability to activate innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression. 23896971 1 30 theme BACKGROUND 100:109 arg1 IBD 139:141 IBD 139:141 IBD 139:141 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is driven by a seemingly aberrant immune response to the gut microbiota with disease development dictated by genetics and environmental factors. 23896971 1 30 theme BACKGROUND 100:109 arg1 disease 130:136 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease 100:136 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 100:142 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is driven by a seemingly aberrant immune response to the gut microbiota with disease development dictated by genetics and environmental factors. 23896971 10 31 theme microbiota 1527:1536 arg1 components 1538:1547 microbiota components 1527:1547 microbiota components having higher levels of bioactive LPS and flagellin 1527:1599 By contrast, transient AIEC colonisation of T5KO mice drove chronic inflammation which correlated with microbiota components having higher levels of bioactive LPS and flagellin. 23896971 1 32 with microbiota 205:214 arg1 development 229:239 disease development 221:239 disease development 221:239 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is driven by a seemingly aberrant immune response to the gut microbiota with disease development dictated by genetics and environmental factors. 23896971 1 33 theme bowel 124:128 arg1 IBD 139:141 IBD 139:141 IBD 139:141 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is driven by a seemingly aberrant immune response to the gut microbiota with disease development dictated by genetics and environmental factors. 23896971 1 33 theme bowel 124:128 arg1 disease 130:136 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease 100:136 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 100:142 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is driven by a seemingly aberrant immune response to the gut microbiota with disease development dictated by genetics and environmental factors. 23896971 2 34 theme receptor 495:502 arg1 T5KO 510:513 T5KO 510:513 T5KO 510:513 A model exemplifying this notion is our recent demonstration that colonisation of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) during microbiota acquisition drove chronic colitis in mice lacking the flagellin receptor TLR5 (T5KO). 23896971 2 34 theme receptor 495:502 arg1 TLR5 504:507 the flagellin receptor TLR5 481:507 the flagellin receptor TLR5 (T5KO) 481:514 A model exemplifying this notion is our recent demonstration that colonisation of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) during microbiota acquisition drove chronic colitis in mice lacking the flagellin receptor TLR5 (T5KO). 23896971 2 35 theme microbiota 420:429 arg1 acquisition 431:441 microbiota acquisition 420:441 microbiota acquisition 420:441 A model exemplifying this notion is our recent demonstration that colonisation of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) during microbiota acquisition drove chronic colitis in mice lacking the flagellin receptor TLR5 (T5KO). 23896971 5 36 theme flagellin 816:824 arg1 levels 798:803 levels 798:803 levels of LPS and flagellin 798:824 GOAL Examine if transient AIEC colonisation lastingly alters levels of LPS and flagellin and changes microbiota composition. 23896971 9 37 theme microbiota 1364:1373 arg1 composition 1375:1385 microbiota composition 1364:1385 microbiota composition 1364:1385 RESULTS Transient AIEC colonisation, in WT mice, did not alter inflammatory markers, bacterial loads, microbiota composition, nor its pro-inflammatory potential. 23896971 12 38 theme other 1857:1861 arg1 pathobionts 1863:1873 other pathobionts 1857:1873 other pathobionts 1857:1873 CONCLUSIONS AIEC, and perhaps other pathobionts, may instigate chronic inflammation in susceptible hosts by altering the gut microbiota composition so as to give it an inherently greater ability to activate innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression. 23896971 0 39 theme susceptible 46:56 arg1 hosts 58:62 susceptible hosts 46:62 susceptible hosts 46:62 AIEC pathobiont instigates chronic colitis in susceptible hosts by altering microbiota composition. 23896971 6 40 theme wild 886:889 arg1 WT 897:898 WT 897:898 WT 897:898 METHODS Germ-free mice (wild type (WT) and T5KO) were inoculated with AIEC strain LF82 and placed in standard housing allowing a complex microbiota that eliminated AIEC in both mice strains. 23896971 6 40 theme wild 886:889 arg1 mice 880:883 METHODS Germ-free mice 862:883 METHODS Germ-free mice (wild type (WT) and T5KO) 862:909 METHODS Germ-free mice (wild type (WT) and T5KO) were inoculated with AIEC strain LF82 and placed in standard housing allowing a complex microbiota that eliminated AIEC in both mice strains. 23896971 6 40 theme wild 886:889 arg1 type 891:894 wild type 886:894 wild type (WT) 886:899 METHODS Germ-free mice (wild type (WT) and T5KO) were inoculated with AIEC strain LF82 and placed in standard housing allowing a complex microbiota that eliminated AIEC in both mice strains. 23896971 11 41 theme species 1768:1774 arg1 composition 1776:1786 microbiota species composition 1757:1786 microbiota species composition including a loss of species diversity 1757:1824 Such AIEC-induced elevation of LPS and flagellin persisted well beyond AIEC clearance, required AIEC be flagellated, and was associated with alteration in microbiota species composition including a loss of species diversity. 23896971 2 42 theme recent 329:334 arg1 demonstration 336:348 our recent demonstration 325:348 our recent demonstration that colonisation of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) during microbiota acquisition drove chronic colitis in mice lacking the flagellin receptor TLR5 (T5KO) 325:514 A model exemplifying this notion is our recent demonstration that colonisation of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) during microbiota acquisition drove chronic colitis in mice lacking the flagellin receptor TLR5 (T5KO). 23896971 2 42 theme recent 329:334 arg1 model 291:295 A model 289:295 A model exemplifying this notion 289:320 A model exemplifying this notion is our recent demonstration that colonisation of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) during microbiota acquisition drove chronic colitis in mice lacking the flagellin receptor TLR5 (T5KO). 23896971 12 43 theme chronic 1890:1896 arg1 inflammation 1898:1909 chronic inflammation 1890:1909 chronic inflammation in susceptible hosts 1890:1930 CONCLUSIONS AIEC, and perhaps other pathobionts, may instigate chronic inflammation in susceptible hosts by altering the gut microbiota composition so as to give it an inherently greater ability to activate innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression. 23896971 10 44 theme bioactive 1573:1581 arg1 LPS 1583:1585 bioactive LPS 1573:1585 bioactive LPS 1573:1585 By contrast, transient AIEC colonisation of T5KO mice drove chronic inflammation which correlated with microbiota components having higher levels of bioactive LPS and flagellin. 23896971 9 45 from colonisation 1285:1296 arg1 mice 1305:1308 WT mice 1302:1308 WT mice 1302:1308 RESULTS Transient AIEC colonisation, in WT mice, did not alter inflammatory markers, bacterial loads, microbiota composition, nor its pro-inflammatory potential. 23896971 7 46 theme bacterial 1115:1123 arg1 loads 1125:1129 bacterial loads 1115:1129 bacterial loads 1115:1129 Faeces were assayed for the inflammatory marker, lipocalin-2, bacterial loads, and microbiota composition by pyrosequencing. 23896971 12 47 theme innate 2034:2039 arg1 expression 2072:2081 innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression 2034:2081 innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression 2034:2081 CONCLUSIONS AIEC, and perhaps other pathobionts, may instigate chronic inflammation in susceptible hosts by altering the gut microbiota composition so as to give it an inherently greater ability to activate innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression. 23896971 12 48 theme gene 2067:2070 arg1 expression 2072:2081 innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression 2034:2081 innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression 2034:2081 CONCLUSIONS AIEC, and perhaps other pathobionts, may instigate chronic inflammation in susceptible hosts by altering the gut microbiota composition so as to give it an inherently greater ability to activate innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression. 23896971 12 49 theme greater 2006:2012 arg1 ability 2014:2020 an inherently greater ability to activate innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression 1992:2081 it an inherently greater ability to activate innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression 1989:2081 CONCLUSIONS AIEC, and perhaps other pathobionts, may instigate chronic inflammation in susceptible hosts by altering the gut microbiota composition so as to give it an inherently greater ability to activate innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression. 23896971 4 50 theme microbial 680:688 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 690:707 microbial lipopolysaccharide 680:707 microbial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 680:713 We hypothesised that AIEC instigates chronic inflammation by increasing microbial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellin levels. 23896971 4 50 theme microbial 680:688 arg1 LPS 710:712 LPS 710:712 LPS 710:712 We hypothesised that AIEC instigates chronic inflammation by increasing microbial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellin levels. 23896971 5 51 theme LPS 808:810 arg1 levels 798:803 levels 798:803 levels of LPS and flagellin 798:824 GOAL Examine if transient AIEC colonisation lastingly alters levels of LPS and flagellin and changes microbiota composition. 23896971 11 52 theme AIEC-induced 1607:1618 arg1 elevation 1620:1628 Such AIEC-induced elevation 1602:1628 Such AIEC-induced elevation of LPS and flagellin 1602:1649 Such AIEC-induced elevation of LPS and flagellin persisted well beyond AIEC clearance, required AIEC be flagellated, and was associated with alteration in microbiota species composition including a loss of species diversity. 23896971 1 53 theme immune 178:183 arg1 response 185:192 a seemingly aberrant immune response 157:192 a seemingly aberrant immune response to the gut microbiota with disease development dictated by genetics and environmental factors 157:286 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is driven by a seemingly aberrant immune response to the gut microbiota with disease development dictated by genetics and environmental factors. 23896971 8 54 theme flagellin 1193:1201 arg1 bioactivity 1203:1213 flagellin bioactivity 1193:1213 flagellin bioactivity 1193:1213 Faecal LPS and flagellin bioactivity were measured via a cell-based reporter assay. 23896971 4 55 theme chronic 645:651 arg1 inflammation 653:664 chronic inflammation 645:664 chronic inflammation 645:664 We hypothesised that AIEC instigates chronic inflammation by increasing microbial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellin levels. 23896971 1 56 theme gut 201:203 arg1 microbiota 205:214 the gut microbiota 197:214 the gut microbiota with disease development dictated by genetics and environmental factors 197:286 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is driven by a seemingly aberrant immune response to the gut microbiota with disease development dictated by genetics and environmental factors. 23896971 12 57 from inflammation 1898:1909 arg1 hosts 1926:1930 susceptible hosts 1914:1930 susceptible hosts 1914:1930 CONCLUSIONS AIEC, and perhaps other pathobionts, may instigate chronic inflammation in susceptible hosts by altering the gut microbiota composition so as to give it an inherently greater ability to activate innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression. 23896971 9 58 theme Transient 1270:1278 arg1 colonisation 1285:1296 RESULTS Transient AIEC colonisation 1262:1296 RESULTS Transient AIEC colonisation 1262:1296 RESULTS Transient AIEC colonisation, in WT mice, did not alter inflammatory markers, bacterial loads, microbiota composition, nor its pro-inflammatory potential. 23896971 3 59 theme NLRC4 588:592 arg1 inflammasome 594:605 the NLRC4 inflammasome 584:605 the NLRC4 inflammasome 584:605 T5KO colitis persisted beyond AIEC clearance and requires TLR4 and the NLRC4 inflammasome. 23896971 8 60 theme cell-based 1235:1244 arg1 assay 1255:1259 a cell-based reporter assay 1233:1259 a cell-based reporter assay 1233:1259 Faecal LPS and flagellin bioactivity were measured via a cell-based reporter assay. 23896971 6 61 theme mice 1039:1042 arg1 strains 1044:1050 both mice strains 1034:1050 both mice strains 1034:1050 METHODS Germ-free mice (wild type (WT) and T5KO) were inoculated with AIEC strain LF82 and placed in standard housing allowing a complex microbiota that eliminated AIEC in both mice strains. 23896971 2 62 from colitis 457:463 arg1 mice 468:471 mice 468:471 mice lacking the flagellin receptor TLR5 (T5KO) 468:514 A model exemplifying this notion is our recent demonstration that colonisation of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) during microbiota acquisition drove chronic colitis in mice lacking the flagellin receptor TLR5 (T5KO). 23896971 6 63 dep eliminated 1015:1024 arg1 AIEC 1026:1029 AIEC 1026:1029 eliminated AIEC in both mice strains 1015:1050 METHODS Germ-free mice (wild type (WT) and T5KO) were inoculated with AIEC strain LF82 and placed in standard housing allowing a complex microbiota that eliminated AIEC in both mice strains. 23896971 4 64 theme flagellin 719:727 arg1 levels 729:734 flagellin levels 719:734 flagellin levels 719:734 We hypothesised that AIEC instigates chronic inflammation by increasing microbial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellin levels. 23896971 5 65 theme transient 753:761 arg1 colonisation 768:779 transient AIEC colonisation 753:779 transient AIEC colonisation 753:779 GOAL Examine if transient AIEC colonisation lastingly alters levels of LPS and flagellin and changes microbiota composition. 23896971 10 66 theme AIEC 1447:1450 arg1 colonisation 1452:1463 transient AIEC colonisation 1437:1463 transient AIEC colonisation of T5KO mice 1437:1476 By contrast, transient AIEC colonisation of T5KO mice drove chronic inflammation which correlated with microbiota components having higher levels of bioactive LPS and flagellin. 23896971 11 67 theme species 1808:1814 arg1 diversity 1816:1824 species diversity 1808:1824 species diversity 1808:1824 Such AIEC-induced elevation of LPS and flagellin persisted well beyond AIEC clearance, required AIEC be flagellated, and was associated with alteration in microbiota species composition including a loss of species diversity. 23896971 10 68 theme chronic 1484:1490 arg1 inflammation 1492:1503 chronic inflammation 1484:1503 chronic inflammation which correlated with microbiota components having higher levels of bioactive LPS and flagellin 1484:1599 By contrast, transient AIEC colonisation of T5KO mice drove chronic inflammation which correlated with microbiota components having higher levels of bioactive LPS and flagellin. 23896971 1 69 theme disease 221:227 arg1 development 229:239 disease development 221:239 disease development 221:239 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is driven by a seemingly aberrant immune response to the gut microbiota with disease development dictated by genetics and environmental factors. 23896971 5 70 theme microbiota 838:847 arg1 composition 849:859 microbiota composition 838:859 microbiota composition 838:859 GOAL Examine if transient AIEC colonisation lastingly alters levels of LPS and flagellin and changes microbiota composition. 23896971 12 71 theme microbiota 1952:1961 arg1 composition 1963:1973 the gut microbiota composition 1944:1973 the gut microbiota composition so as to give it an inherently greater ability to activate innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression 1944:2081 CONCLUSIONS AIEC, and perhaps other pathobionts, may instigate chronic inflammation in susceptible hosts by altering the gut microbiota composition so as to give it an inherently greater ability to activate innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression. 23896971 6 72 dep mice 880:883 arg1 WT 897:898 WT 897:898 WT 897:898 METHODS Germ-free mice (wild type (WT) and T5KO) were inoculated with AIEC strain LF82 and placed in standard housing allowing a complex microbiota that eliminated AIEC in both mice strains. 23896971 6 72 dep mice 880:883 arg1 T5KO 905:908 T5KO 905:908 T5KO 905:908 METHODS Germ-free mice (wild type (WT) and T5KO) were inoculated with AIEC strain LF82 and placed in standard housing allowing a complex microbiota that eliminated AIEC in both mice strains. 23896971 6 72 dep mice 880:883 arg1 type 891:894 wild type 886:894 wild type (WT) 886:899 METHODS Germ-free mice (wild type (WT) and T5KO) were inoculated with AIEC strain LF82 and placed in standard housing allowing a complex microbiota that eliminated AIEC in both mice strains. 23896971 6 72 dep mice 880:883 arg1 mice 880:883 METHODS Germ-free mice 862:883 METHODS Germ-free mice (wild type (WT) and T5KO) 862:909 METHODS Germ-free mice (wild type (WT) and T5KO) were inoculated with AIEC strain LF82 and placed in standard housing allowing a complex microbiota that eliminated AIEC in both mice strains. 23896971 10 73 theme mice 1473:1476 arg1 colonisation 1452:1463 transient AIEC colonisation 1437:1463 transient AIEC colonisation of T5KO mice 1437:1476 By contrast, transient AIEC colonisation of T5KO mice drove chronic inflammation which correlated with microbiota components having higher levels of bioactive LPS and flagellin. 23896971 2 74 theme coli 401:404 arg1 colonisation 355:366 colonisation 355:366 colonisation of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) during microbiota acquisition 355:441 A model exemplifying this notion is our recent demonstration that colonisation of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) during microbiota acquisition drove chronic colitis in mice lacking the flagellin receptor TLR5 (T5KO). 23896971 0 75 theme chronic 27:33 arg1 colitis 35:41 chronic colitis 27:41 chronic colitis in susceptible hosts 27:62 AIEC pathobiont instigates chronic colitis in susceptible hosts by altering microbiota composition. 23896971 9 76 theme bacterial 1347:1355 arg1 loads 1357:1361 bacterial loads 1347:1361 bacterial loads 1347:1361 RESULTS Transient AIEC colonisation, in WT mice, did not alter inflammatory markers, bacterial loads, microbiota composition, nor its pro-inflammatory potential. 23896971 12 77 theme susceptible 1914:1924 arg1 hosts 1926:1930 susceptible hosts 1914:1930 susceptible hosts 1914:1930 CONCLUSIONS AIEC, and perhaps other pathobionts, may instigate chronic inflammation in susceptible hosts by altering the gut microbiota composition so as to give it an inherently greater ability to activate innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression. 23896971 1 78 theme Inflammatory 111:122 arg1 IBD 139:141 IBD 139:141 IBD 139:141 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is driven by a seemingly aberrant immune response to the gut microbiota with disease development dictated by genetics and environmental factors. 23896971 1 78 theme Inflammatory 111:122 arg1 disease 130:136 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease 100:136 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 100:142 BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is driven by a seemingly aberrant immune response to the gut microbiota with disease development dictated by genetics and environmental factors. 23896971 2 79 theme chronic 449:455 arg1 colitis 457:463 chronic colitis 449:463 chronic colitis in mice lacking the flagellin receptor TLR5 (T5KO) 449:514 A model exemplifying this notion is our recent demonstration that colonisation of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) during microbiota acquisition drove chronic colitis in mice lacking the flagellin receptor TLR5 (T5KO). 23896971 2 80 dep demonstration 336:348 arg1 drove 443:447 drove 443:447 drove chronic colitis in mice lacking the flagellin receptor TLR5 (T5KO) 443:514 A model exemplifying this notion is our recent demonstration that colonisation of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) during microbiota acquisition drove chronic colitis in mice lacking the flagellin receptor TLR5 (T5KO). 23896971 11 81 dep required 1689:1696 arg1 flagellated 1706:1716 flagellated 1706:1716 flagellated 1706:1716 Such AIEC-induced elevation of LPS and flagellin persisted well beyond AIEC clearance, required AIEC be flagellated, and was associated with alteration in microbiota species composition including a loss of species diversity. 23896971 2 82 theme flagellin 485:493 arg1 T5KO 510:513 T5KO 510:513 T5KO 510:513 A model exemplifying this notion is our recent demonstration that colonisation of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) during microbiota acquisition drove chronic colitis in mice lacking the flagellin receptor TLR5 (T5KO). 23896971 2 82 theme flagellin 485:493 arg1 TLR5 504:507 the flagellin receptor TLR5 481:507 the flagellin receptor TLR5 (T5KO) 481:514 A model exemplifying this notion is our recent demonstration that colonisation of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) during microbiota acquisition drove chronic colitis in mice lacking the flagellin receptor TLR5 (T5KO). 23896971 11 83 theme LPS 1633:1635 arg1 elevation 1620:1628 Such AIEC-induced elevation 1602:1628 Such AIEC-induced elevation of LPS and flagellin 1602:1649 Such AIEC-induced elevation of LPS and flagellin persisted well beyond AIEC clearance, required AIEC be flagellated, and was associated with alteration in microbiota species composition including a loss of species diversity. 23896971 7 84 theme microbiota 1136:1145 arg1 composition 1147:1157 microbiota composition 1136:1157 microbiota composition 1136:1157 Faeces were assayed for the inflammatory marker, lipocalin-2, bacterial loads, and microbiota composition by pyrosequencing. 23896971 10 85 theme higher 1556:1561 arg1 levels 1563:1568 higher levels 1556:1568 higher levels of bioactive LPS and flagellin 1556:1599 By contrast, transient AIEC colonisation of T5KO mice drove chronic inflammation which correlated with microbiota components having higher levels of bioactive LPS and flagellin. 23896971 11 86 theme microbiota 1757:1766 arg1 composition 1776:1786 microbiota species composition 1757:1786 microbiota species composition including a loss of species diversity 1757:1824 Such AIEC-induced elevation of LPS and flagellin persisted well beyond AIEC clearance, required AIEC be flagellated, and was associated with alteration in microbiota species composition including a loss of species diversity. 23896971 9 87 theme pro-inflammatory 1396:1411 arg1 potential 1413:1421 its pro-inflammatory potential 1392:1421 its pro-inflammatory potential 1392:1421 RESULTS Transient AIEC colonisation, in WT mice, did not alter inflammatory markers, bacterial loads, microbiota composition, nor its pro-inflammatory potential. 23896971 6 88 theme Germ-free 870:878 arg1 mice 880:883 METHODS Germ-free mice 862:883 METHODS Germ-free mice (wild type (WT) and T5KO) 862:909 METHODS Germ-free mice (wild type (WT) and T5KO) were inoculated with AIEC strain LF82 and placed in standard housing allowing a complex microbiota that eliminated AIEC in both mice strains. 23896971 6 88 theme Germ-free 870:878 arg1 type 891:894 wild type 886:894 wild type (WT) 886:899 METHODS Germ-free mice (wild type (WT) and T5KO) were inoculated with AIEC strain LF82 and placed in standard housing allowing a complex microbiota that eliminated AIEC in both mice strains. 23896971 6 88 theme Germ-free 870:878 arg1 T5KO 905:908 T5KO 905:908 T5KO 905:908 METHODS Germ-free mice (wild type (WT) and T5KO) were inoculated with AIEC strain LF82 and placed in standard housing allowing a complex microbiota that eliminated AIEC in both mice strains. 23896971 12 89 theme CONCLUSIONS 1827:1837 arg1 AIEC 1839:1842 CONCLUSIONS AIEC 1827:1842 CONCLUSIONS AIEC 1827:1842 CONCLUSIONS AIEC, and perhaps other pathobionts, may instigate chronic inflammation in susceptible hosts by altering the gut microbiota composition so as to give it an inherently greater ability to activate innate immunity/pro-inflammatory gene expression. 23896971 10 90 theme LPS 1583:1585 arg1 levels 1563:1568 higher levels 1556:1568 higher levels of bioactive LPS and flagellin 1556:1599 By contrast, transient AIEC colonisation of T5KO mice drove chronic inflammation which correlated with microbiota components having higher levels of bioactive LPS and flagellin. 23896971 11 91 theme flagellin 1641:1649 arg1 elevation 1620:1628 Such AIEC-induced elevation 1602:1628 Such AIEC-induced elevation of LPS and flagellin 1602:1649 Such AIEC-induced elevation of LPS and flagellin persisted well beyond AIEC clearance, required AIEC be flagellated, and was associated with alteration in microbiota species composition including a loss of species diversity. 24453233 2 0 theme designated 122:131 arg1 bacteria 112:119 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria 54:119 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria 54:119 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria, designated WM-1T and WM-4, were isolated from a paddy soil and a forest soil, respectively, in South China. 24453233 2 0 theme designated 122:131 arg1 WM-1T 133:137 designated WM-1T 122:137 designated WM-1T 122:137 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria, designated WM-1T and WM-4, were isolated from a paddy soil and a forest soil, respectively, in South China. 24453233 5 1 theme Polar 599:603 arg1 lipids 605:610 Polar lipids 599:610 Polar lipids 599:610 Polar lipids consisted of a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol and moderate to minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 24453233 7 2 theme DNA 814:816 arg1 content 822:828 The DNA G+C content 810:828 The DNA G+C content 810:828 The DNA G+C content was 38.6-39.2 mol%. 24453233 7 2 theme DNA 814:816 arg1 % 847:847 38.6-39.2 mol% 834:847 38.6-39.2 mol% 834:847 The DNA G+C content was 38.6-39.2 mol%. 24453233 8 3 theme DNA-DNA 949:955 arg1 hybridization 957:969 DNA-DNA hybridization 949:969 DNA-DNA hybridization between the two strains 949:993 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain WM-1T displayed 99.7 % similarity to that of strain WM-4, and DNA-DNA hybridization between the two strains showed a relatedness value of 91 %. 24453233 8 4 theme 16S 854:856 arg1 rRNA 858:861 The 16S rRNA 850:861 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain WM-1T 850:891 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain WM-1T displayed 99.7 % similarity to that of strain WM-4, and DNA-DNA hybridization between the two strains showed a relatedness value of 91 %. 24453233 8 5 theme relatedness 1004:1014 arg1 value 1016:1020 a relatedness value 1002:1020 a relatedness value of 91 % 1002:1028 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain WM-1T displayed 99.7 % similarity to that of strain WM-4, and DNA-DNA hybridization between the two strains showed a relatedness value of 91 %. 24453233 3 6 theme genus 319:323 arg1 23627T 397:402 the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T 315:402 the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T 315:402 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that both strains were members of the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T with pairwise sequence similarity of 96.0%. 24453233 6 7 contain contained 774:782 arg1 peptidoglycan 760:772 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 746:772 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 746:772 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24453233 6 7 contain contained 774:782 arg2 acid 804:807 meso-diaminopimelic acid 784:807 meso-diaminopimelic acid 784:807 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24453233 8 8 theme % 908:908 arg1 similarity 910:919 99.7 % similarity 903:919 99.7 % similarity to that of strain WM-4 903:942 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain WM-1T displayed 99.7 % similarity to that of strain WM-4, and DNA-DNA hybridization between the two strains showed a relatedness value of 91 %. 24453233 9 9 theme genus 1134:1138 arg1 Oceanobacillus 1140:1153 the genus Oceanobacillus 1130:1153 the genus Oceanobacillus 1130:1153 Based on the results of this polyphasic study, strains WM-1T and WM-4 represent a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus luteolus sp. 24453233 9 10 theme study 1071:1075 arg1 results 1044:1050 the results 1040:1050 the results of this polyphasic study 1040:1075 Based on the results of this polyphasic study, strains WM-1T and WM-4 represent a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus luteolus sp. 24453233 8 11 theme gene 863:866 arg1 sequence 868:875 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 850:875 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain WM-1T 850:891 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain WM-1T displayed 99.7 % similarity to that of strain WM-4, and DNA-DNA hybridization between the two strains showed a relatedness value of 91 %. 24453233 5 12 theme phosphatidylglycerol 699:718 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 699:718 phosphatidylglycerol 699:718 phosphatidylglycerol 699:718 Polar lipids consisted of a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol and moderate to minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 24453233 5 12 theme phosphatidylglycerol 699:718 arg1 amounts 688:694 minor amounts 682:694 minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol 682:743 Polar lipids consisted of a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol and moderate to minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 24453233 5 12 theme phosphatidylglycerol 699:718 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 724:743 phosphatidylinositol 724:743 phosphatidylinositol 724:743 Polar lipids consisted of a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol and moderate to minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 24453233 8 13 theme % 1028:1028 arg1 value 1016:1020 a relatedness value 1002:1020 a relatedness value of 91 % 1002:1028 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain WM-1T displayed 99.7 % similarity to that of strain WM-4, and DNA-DNA hybridization between the two strains showed a relatedness value of 91 %. 24453233 8 14 theme rRNA 858:861 arg1 sequence 868:875 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 850:875 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain WM-1T 850:891 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain WM-1T displayed 99.7 % similarity to that of strain WM-4, and DNA-DNA hybridization between the two strains showed a relatedness value of 91 %. 24453233 3 15 theme pairwise 409:416 arg1 similarity 427:436 pairwise sequence similarity 409:436 pairwise sequence similarity of 96.0% 409:445 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that both strains were members of the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T with pairwise sequence similarity of 96.0%. 24453233 11 16 theme =KCTC 1247:1251 arg1 WM-1T 1240:1244 WM-1T 1240:1244 WM-1T (=KCTC 33119T=CGMCC 1.12406T) 1240:1274 The type strain is WM-1T (=KCTC 33119T=CGMCC 1.12406T). 24453233 11 16 theme =KCTC 1247:1251 arg1 1.12406T 1266:1273 =KCTC 33119T=CGMCC 1.12406T 1247:1273 =KCTC 33119T=CGMCC 1.12406T 1247:1273 The type strain is WM-1T (=KCTC 33119T=CGMCC 1.12406T). 24453233 3 17 theme related 357:363 arg1 23627T 397:402 the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T 315:402 the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T 315:402 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that both strains were members of the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T with pairwise sequence similarity of 96.0%. 24453233 9 18 dep strains 1078:1084 arg1 strains 1078:1084 strains 1078:1084 strains WM-1T and WM-4 1078:1099 Based on the results of this polyphasic study, strains WM-1T and WM-4 represent a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus luteolus sp. 24453233 9 18 dep strains 1078:1084 arg1 WM-4 1096:1099 WM-4 1096:1099 WM-4 1096:1099 Based on the results of this polyphasic study, strains WM-1T and WM-4 represent a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus luteolus sp. 24453233 9 18 dep strains 1078:1084 arg1 WM-1T 1086:1090 WM-1T 1086:1090 WM-1T 1086:1090 Based on the results of this polyphasic study, strains WM-1T and WM-4 represent a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus luteolus sp. 24453233 3 19 theme sequence 418:425 arg1 similarity 427:436 pairwise sequence similarity 409:436 pairwise sequence similarity of 96.0% 409:445 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that both strains were members of the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T with pairwise sequence similarity of 96.0%. 24453233 0 20 theme luteolus 15:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Oceanobacillus luteolus sp 0:25 Oceanobacillus luteolus sp. 0:26 Oceanobacillus luteolus sp. 24453233 6 21 theme meso-diaminopimelic 784:802 arg1 acid 804:807 meso-diaminopimelic acid 784:807 meso-diaminopimelic acid 784:807 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24453233 3 22 theme 23627T 397:402 arg1 members 304:310 members 304:310 members of the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T 304:402 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that both strains were members of the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T with pairwise sequence similarity of 96.0%. 24453233 0 23 theme Oceanobacillus 0:13 arg1 sp 24:25 Oceanobacillus luteolus sp 0:25 Oceanobacillus luteolus sp. 0:26 Oceanobacillus luteolus sp. 24453233 2 24 theme Gram-stain-positive 58:76 arg1 WM-4 143:146 WM-4 143:146 WM-4 143:146 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria, designated WM-1T and WM-4, were isolated from a paddy soil and a forest soil, respectively, in South China. 24453233 2 24 theme Gram-stain-positive 58:76 arg1 bacteria 112:119 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria 54:119 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria 54:119 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria, designated WM-1T and WM-4, were isolated from a paddy soil and a forest soil, respectively, in South China. 24453233 2 24 theme Gram-stain-positive 58:76 arg1 WM-1T 133:137 designated WM-1T 122:137 designated WM-1T 122:137 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria, designated WM-1T and WM-4, were isolated from a paddy soil and a forest soil, respectively, in South China. 24453233 8 25 theme WM-1T 887:891 arg1 sequence 868:875 The 16S rRNA gene sequence 850:875 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain WM-1T 850:891 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain WM-1T displayed 99.7 % similarity to that of strain WM-4, and DNA-DNA hybridization between the two strains showed a relatedness value of 91 %. 24453233 11 26 theme 33119T=CGMCC 1253:1264 arg1 WM-1T 1240:1244 WM-1T 1240:1244 WM-1T (=KCTC 33119T=CGMCC 1.12406T) 1240:1274 The type strain is WM-1T (=KCTC 33119T=CGMCC 1.12406T). 24453233 11 26 theme 33119T=CGMCC 1253:1264 arg1 1.12406T 1266:1273 =KCTC 33119T=CGMCC 1.12406T 1247:1273 =KCTC 33119T=CGMCC 1.12406T 1247:1273 The type strain is WM-1T (=KCTC 33119T=CGMCC 1.12406T). 24453233 7 27 theme G+C 818:820 arg1 content 822:828 The DNA G+C content 810:828 The DNA G+C content 810:828 The DNA G+C content was 38.6-39.2 mol%. 24453233 7 27 theme G+C 818:820 arg1 % 847:847 38.6-39.2 mol% 834:847 38.6-39.2 mol% 834:847 The DNA G+C content was 38.6-39.2 mol%. 24453233 3 28 theme rRNA 246:249 arg1 analyses 265:272 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 230:272 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 230:272 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that both strains were members of the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T with pairwise sequence similarity of 96.0%. 24453233 7 29 theme mol 844:846 arg1 content 822:828 The DNA G+C content 810:828 The DNA G+C content 810:828 The DNA G+C content was 38.6-39.2 mol%. 24453233 7 29 theme mol 844:846 arg1 % 847:847 38.6-39.2 mol% 834:847 38.6-39.2 mol% 834:847 The DNA G+C content was 38.6-39.2 mol%. 24453233 3 30 theme gene 251:254 arg1 analyses 265:272 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 230:272 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 230:272 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that both strains were members of the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T with pairwise sequence similarity of 96.0%. 24453233 2 31 theme paddy 170:174 arg1 soil 176:179 a paddy soil 168:179 a paddy soil 168:179 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria, designated WM-1T and WM-4, were isolated from a paddy soil and a forest soil, respectively, in South China. 24453233 8 32 theme 99.7  903:907 arg1 % 908:908 % 908:908 % 908:908 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain WM-1T displayed 99.7 % similarity to that of strain WM-4, and DNA-DNA hybridization between the two strains showed a relatedness value of 91 %. 24453233 3 33 theme % 445:445 arg1 similarity 427:436 pairwise sequence similarity 409:436 pairwise sequence similarity of 96.0% 409:445 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that both strains were members of the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T with pairwise sequence similarity of 96.0%. 24453233 3 34 theme chironomi 383:391 arg1 23627T 397:402 the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T 315:402 the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T 315:402 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that both strains were members of the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T with pairwise sequence similarity of 96.0%. 24453233 3 35 theme Comparative 230:240 arg1 analyses 265:272 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 230:272 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 230:272 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that both strains were members of the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T with pairwise sequence similarity of 96.0%. 24453233 9 36 theme Oceanobacillus 1175:1188 arg1 sp 1199:1200 the name Oceanobacillus luteolus sp 1166:1200 the name Oceanobacillus luteolus sp 1166:1200 Based on the results of this polyphasic study, strains WM-1T and WM-4 represent a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus luteolus sp. 24453233 2 37 attach isolated 154:161 arg2 bacteria 112:119 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria 54:119 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria 54:119 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria, designated WM-1T and WM-4, were isolated from a paddy soil and a forest soil, respectively, in South China. 24453233 2 37 attach isolated 154:161 arg1 soil 194:197 a forest soil 185:197 a forest soil 185:197 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria, designated WM-1T and WM-4, were isolated from a paddy soil and a forest soil, respectively, in South China. 24453233 2 37 attach isolated 154:161 arg2 WM-1T 133:137 designated WM-1T 122:137 designated WM-1T 122:137 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria, designated WM-1T and WM-4, were isolated from a paddy soil and a forest soil, respectively, in South China. 24453233 2 37 attach isolated 154:161 arg2 WM-4 143:146 WM-4 143:146 WM-4 143:146 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria, designated WM-1T and WM-4, were isolated from a paddy soil and a forest soil, respectively, in South China. 24453233 2 37 attach isolated 154:161 arg1 soil 176:179 a paddy soil 168:179 a paddy soil 168:179 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria, designated WM-1T and WM-4, were isolated from a paddy soil and a forest soil, respectively, in South China. 24453233 3 38 theme LMG 393:395 arg1 23627T 397:402 the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T 315:402 the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T 315:402 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that both strains were members of the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T with pairwise sequence similarity of 96.0%. 24453233 2 39 theme endospore-forming 94:110 arg1 WM-4 143:146 WM-4 143:146 WM-4 143:146 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria, designated WM-1T and WM-4, were isolated from a paddy soil and a forest soil, respectively, in South China. 24453233 2 39 theme endospore-forming 94:110 arg1 bacteria 112:119 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria 54:119 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria 54:119 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria, designated WM-1T and WM-4, were isolated from a paddy soil and a forest soil, respectively, in South China. 24453233 2 39 theme endospore-forming 94:110 arg1 WM-1T 133:137 designated WM-1T 122:137 designated WM-1T 122:137 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria, designated WM-1T and WM-4, were isolated from a paddy soil and a forest soil, respectively, in South China. 24453233 3 40 theme 16S 242:244 arg1 analyses 265:272 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 230:272 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 230:272 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that both strains were members of the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T with pairwise sequence similarity of 96.0%. 24453233 9 41 theme luteolus 1190:1197 arg1 sp 1199:1200 the name Oceanobacillus luteolus sp 1166:1200 the name Oceanobacillus luteolus sp 1166:1200 Based on the results of this polyphasic study, strains WM-1T and WM-4 represent a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus luteolus sp. 24453233 6 42 theme cell-wall 750:758 arg1 peptidoglycan 760:772 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 746:772 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 746:772 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24453233 3 43 dep genus 319:323 arg1 Oceanobacillus 325:338 Oceanobacillus 325:338 Oceanobacillus 325:338 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that both strains were members of the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T with pairwise sequence similarity of 96.0%. 24453233 5 44 theme minor 682:686 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 699:718 phosphatidylglycerol 699:718 phosphatidylglycerol 699:718 Polar lipids consisted of a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol and moderate to minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 24453233 5 44 theme minor 682:686 arg1 amounts 688:694 minor amounts 682:694 minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol 682:743 Polar lipids consisted of a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol and moderate to minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 24453233 5 44 theme minor 682:686 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 724:743 phosphatidylinositol 724:743 phosphatidylinositol 724:743 Polar lipids consisted of a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol and moderate to minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 24453233 2 45 theme rod-shaped 79:88 arg1 WM-4 143:146 WM-4 143:146 WM-4 143:146 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria, designated WM-1T and WM-4, were isolated from a paddy soil and a forest soil, respectively, in South China. 24453233 2 45 theme rod-shaped 79:88 arg1 bacteria 112:119 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria 54:119 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria 54:119 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria, designated WM-1T and WM-4, were isolated from a paddy soil and a forest soil, respectively, in South China. 24453233 2 45 theme rod-shaped 79:88 arg1 WM-1T 133:137 designated WM-1T 122:137 designated WM-1T 122:137 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria, designated WM-1T and WM-4, were isolated from a paddy soil and a forest soil, respectively, in South China. 24453233 2 46 theme forest 187:192 arg1 soil 194:197 a forest soil 185:197 a forest soil 185:197 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria, designated WM-1T and WM-4, were isolated from a paddy soil and a forest soil, respectively, in South China. 24453233 9 47 theme polyphasic 1060:1069 arg1 study 1071:1075 this polyphasic study 1055:1075 this polyphasic study 1055:1075 Based on the results of this polyphasic study, strains WM-1T and WM-4 represent a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus luteolus sp. 24453233 4 48 contain contained 461:469 arg1 isolates 452:459 The isolates 448:459 The isolates 448:459 The isolates contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the respiratory quinone and anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids (>10%). 24453233 4 48 contain contained 461:469 arg2 MK-7 486:489 MK-7 486:489 MK-7 486:489 The isolates contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the respiratory quinone and anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids (>10%). 24453233 4 48 contain contained 461:469 arg2 quinone 511:517 the respiratory quinone 495:517 the respiratory quinone 495:517 The isolates contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the respiratory quinone and anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids (>10%). 24453233 4 48 contain contained 461:469 arg2 menaquinone-7 471:483 menaquinone-7 471:483 menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 471:490 The isolates contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the respiratory quinone and anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids (>10%). 24453233 4 48 contain contained 461:469 arg2 acids 585:589 the major fatty acids 569:589 the major fatty acids (>10%) 569:596 The isolates contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the respiratory quinone and anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids (>10%). 24453233 4 49 theme respiratory 499:509 arg1 quinone 511:517 the respiratory quinone 495:517 the respiratory quinone 495:517 The isolates contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the respiratory quinone and anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids (>10%). 24453233 4 49 theme respiratory 499:509 arg1 menaquinone-7 471:483 menaquinone-7 471:483 menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 471:490 The isolates contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the respiratory quinone and anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids (>10%). 24453233 3 50 theme sequence 256:263 arg1 analyses 265:272 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 230:272 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses 230:272 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that both strains were members of the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T with pairwise sequence similarity of 96.0%. 24453233 4 51 theme fatty 579:583 arg1 acids 585:589 the major fatty acids 569:589 the major fatty acids (>10%) 569:596 The isolates contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the respiratory quinone and anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids (>10%). 24453233 4 51 theme fatty 579:583 arg1 % 595:595 >10% 592:595 >10% 592:595 The isolates contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the respiratory quinone and anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids (>10%). 24453233 4 51 theme fatty 579:583 arg1 menaquinone-7 471:483 menaquinone-7 471:483 menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 471:490 The isolates contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the respiratory quinone and anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids (>10%). 24453233 5 52 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 643:664 arg1 predominance 627:638 a predominance 625:638 a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol 625:664 Polar lipids consisted of a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol and moderate to minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 24453233 8 53 theme strain 880:885 arg1 WM-1T 887:891 strain WM-1T 880:891 strain WM-1T 880:891 The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain WM-1T displayed 99.7 % similarity to that of strain WM-4, and DNA-DNA hybridization between the two strains showed a relatedness value of 91 %. 24453233 4 54 theme major 573:577 arg1 acids 585:589 the major fatty acids 569:589 the major fatty acids (>10%) 569:596 The isolates contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the respiratory quinone and anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids (>10%). 24453233 4 54 theme major 573:577 arg1 % 595:595 >10% 592:595 >10% 592:595 The isolates contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the respiratory quinone and anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids (>10%). 24453233 4 54 theme major 573:577 arg1 menaquinone-7 471:483 menaquinone-7 471:483 menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 471:490 The isolates contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the respiratory quinone and anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids (>10%). 24453233 5 55 theme phosphatidylinositol 724:743 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 699:718 phosphatidylglycerol 699:718 phosphatidylglycerol 699:718 Polar lipids consisted of a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol and moderate to minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 24453233 5 55 theme phosphatidylinositol 724:743 arg1 amounts 688:694 minor amounts 682:694 minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol 682:743 Polar lipids consisted of a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol and moderate to minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 24453233 5 55 theme phosphatidylinositol 724:743 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 724:743 phosphatidylinositol 724:743 phosphatidylinositol 724:743 Polar lipids consisted of a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol and moderate to minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. 24453233 9 56 theme name 1170:1173 arg1 sp 1199:1200 the name Oceanobacillus luteolus sp 1166:1200 the name Oceanobacillus luteolus sp 1166:1200 Based on the results of this polyphasic study, strains WM-1T and WM-4 represent a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus luteolus sp. 24453233 11 57 theme type 1225:1228 arg1 WM-1T 1240:1244 WM-1T 1240:1244 WM-1T (=KCTC 33119T=CGMCC 1.12406T) 1240:1274 The type strain is WM-1T (=KCTC 33119T=CGMCC 1.12406T). 24453233 11 57 theme type 1225:1228 arg1 strain 1230:1235 The type strain 1221:1235 The type strain 1221:1235 The type strain is WM-1T (=KCTC 33119T=CGMCC 1.12406T). 24453233 9 58 from species 1119:1125 arg1 Oceanobacillus 1140:1153 the genus Oceanobacillus 1130:1153 the genus Oceanobacillus 1130:1153 Based on the results of this polyphasic study, strains WM-1T and WM-4 represent a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus luteolus sp. 24453233 3 59 with members 304:310 arg1 similarity 427:436 pairwise sequence similarity 409:436 pairwise sequence similarity of 96.0% 409:445 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that both strains were members of the genus Oceanobacillus and most closely related to Oceanobacillus chironomi LMG 23627T with pairwise sequence similarity of 96.0%. 24453233 9 60 theme novel 1113:1117 arg1 species 1119:1125 a novel species 1111:1125 a novel species 1111:1125 Based on the results of this polyphasic study, strains WM-1T and WM-4 represent a novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus luteolus sp. 28920841 2 0 theme rod-shaped 110:119 arg1 bacteria 143:150 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria 85:150 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93, 85:228 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93, were isolated from a saline desert of Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 28920841 13 1 theme properties 1540:1549 arg1 number 1519:1524 a number 1517:1524 a number of phenotypic properties 1517:1549 Both strains could be distinguished from closest phylogenetic neighbours based on a number of phenotypic properties. 28920841 3 2 theme sequence 462:469 arg1 similarity 471:480 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 448:480 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.9 % 448:490 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae and were closely related to each other with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.9 %. 28920841 4 3 theme novel 530:534 arg1 branch 549:554 a novel phylogenetic branch 528:554 a novel phylogenetic branch within this family 528:573 However, these two isolates formed a novel phylogenetic branch within this family. 28920841 9 4 from diphosphatidylglycerol 1115:1136 arg1 strains 1171:1177 both strains 1166:1177 both strains 1166:1177 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol in both strains. 28920841 14 5 theme polyphasic 1568:1577 arg1 analysis 1589:1596 polyphasic taxonomic analysis 1568:1596 polyphasic taxonomic analysis 1568:1596 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 14 6 theme novel 1737:1741 arg1 species 1743:1749 a novel species 1735:1749 a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp 1735:1875 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 2 7 attach isolated 235:242 arg2 bacteria 143:150 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria 85:150 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93, 85:228 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93, were isolated from a saline desert of Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 28920841 2 7 attach isolated 235:242 arg1 desert 258:263 a saline desert 249:263 a saline desert of Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India 249:303 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93, were isolated from a saline desert of Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 28920841 3 8 theme gene 327:330 arg1 sequences 332:340 16S rRNA gene sequences 318:340 16S rRNA gene sequences 318:340 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae and were closely related to each other with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.9 %. 28920841 2 9 theme Gram-stain-positive 89:107 arg1 bacteria 143:150 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria 85:150 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93, 85:228 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93, were isolated from a saline desert of Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 28920841 14 10 theme phylogenetic 1602:1613 arg1 data 1615:1618 phylogenetic data 1602:1618 phylogenetic data 1602:1618 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 6 11 theme NaCl 740:743 arg1 concentration 745:757 a NaCl concentration 738:757 a NaCl concentration of 7.5 and 15 % (w/v), respectively 738:793 Further, strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93 grew optimally at a NaCl concentration of 7.5 and 15 % (w/v), respectively. 28920841 6 12 dep strains 687:693 arg1 strains 687:693 strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93 687:718 strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93 687:718 Further, strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93 grew optimally at a NaCl concentration of 7.5 and 15 % (w/v), respectively. 28920841 6 12 dep strains 687:693 arg1 KJ1-10-93 710:718 KJ1-10-93 710:718 KJ1-10-93 710:718 Further, strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93 grew optimally at a NaCl concentration of 7.5 and 15 % (w/v), respectively. 28920841 6 12 dep strains 687:693 arg1 KJ1-10-99T 695:704 KJ1-10-99T 695:704 KJ1-10-99T 695:704 Further, strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93 grew optimally at a NaCl concentration of 7.5 and 15 % (w/v), respectively. 28920841 14 13 theme name 1825:1828 arg1 nov. 1868:1871 the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov. 1821:1871 the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov. 1821:1871 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 3 14 theme sequences 332:340 arg1 Analysis 306:313 Analysis 306:313 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 306:340 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae and were closely related to each other with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.9 %. 28920841 2 15 theme Rann 275:278 arg1 desert 258:263 a saline desert 249:263 a saline desert of Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India 249:303 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93, were isolated from a saline desert of Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 28920841 11 16 theme diamino 1327:1333 arg1 acid 1335:1338 the diagnostic diamino acid 1312:1338 the diagnostic diamino acid 1312:1338 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28920841 11 16 theme diamino 1327:1333 arg1 acid 1293:1296 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1273:1296 meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) 1273:1307 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28920841 3 17 theme 16S 448:450 arg1 similarity 471:480 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 448:480 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.9 % 448:490 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae and were closely related to each other with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.9 %. 28920841 3 18 theme 16S 318:320 arg1 sequences 332:340 16S rRNA gene sequences 318:340 16S rRNA gene sequences 318:340 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae and were closely related to each other with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.9 %. 28920841 14 19 from Bacillaceae 1780:1790 arg1 species 1743:1749 a novel species 1735:1749 a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp 1735:1875 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 14 20 dep sp 1874:1875 arg1 nov. 1868:1871 the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov. 1821:1871 the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov. 1821:1871 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 2 21 theme Little 268:273 arg1 Rann 275:278 Little Rann 268:278 Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India 268:303 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93, were isolated from a saline desert of Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 28920841 10 22 from MK-7 1219:1222 arg1 strains 1236:1242 both the strains 1227:1242 both the strains 1227:1242 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 in both the strains. 28920841 3 23 theme rRNA 322:325 arg1 sequences 332:340 16S rRNA gene sequences 318:340 16S rRNA gene sequences 318:340 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae and were closely related to each other with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.9 %. 28920841 7 24 theme Fermentibacillus 849:864 arg1 IEB3T 875:879 Fermentibacillus polygoni IEB3T 849:879 Fermentibacillus polygoni IEB3T (96.90 %) followed by Bacillus nanhaiisediminis NH3T (96.3 %) and Bacillus alkalinitrilicus ANL-iso4T (96.3 %) 849:990 Both strains shared highest sequence similarity with Fermentibacillus polygoni IEB3T (96.90 %) followed by Bacillus nanhaiisediminis NH3T (96.3 %) and Bacillus alkalinitrilicus ANL-iso4T (96.3 %). 28920841 7 24 theme Fermentibacillus 849:864 arg1 % 888:888 96.90 % 882:888 96.90 % 882:888 Both strains shared highest sequence similarity with Fermentibacillus polygoni IEB3T (96.90 %) followed by Bacillus nanhaiisediminis NH3T (96.3 %) and Bacillus alkalinitrilicus ANL-iso4T (96.3 %). 28920841 9 25 theme polar 1097:1101 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1115:1136 diphosphatidylglycerol 1115:1136 diphosphatidylglycerol 1115:1136 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol in both strains. 28920841 9 25 theme polar 1097:1101 arg1 lipids 1103:1108 The major polar lipids 1087:1108 The major polar lipids 1087:1108 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol in both strains. 28920841 0 26 theme haloalkaliphilus 16:31 arg1 nov. 38:41 Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov. 0:41 Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov. 0:41 Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 2 27 theme endospore-forming 125:141 arg1 bacteria 143:150 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria 85:150 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93, 85:228 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93, were isolated from a saline desert of Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 28920841 7 28 theme polygoni 866:873 arg1 IEB3T 875:879 Fermentibacillus polygoni IEB3T 849:879 Fermentibacillus polygoni IEB3T (96.90 %) followed by Bacillus nanhaiisediminis NH3T (96.3 %) and Bacillus alkalinitrilicus ANL-iso4T (96.3 %) 849:990 Both strains shared highest sequence similarity with Fermentibacillus polygoni IEB3T (96.90 %) followed by Bacillus nanhaiisediminis NH3T (96.3 %) and Bacillus alkalinitrilicus ANL-iso4T (96.3 %). 28920841 7 28 theme polygoni 866:873 arg1 % 888:888 96.90 % 882:888 96.90 % 882:888 Both strains shared highest sequence similarity with Fermentibacillus polygoni IEB3T (96.90 %) followed by Bacillus nanhaiisediminis NH3T (96.3 %) and Bacillus alkalinitrilicus ANL-iso4T (96.3 %). 28920841 1 29 theme saline 70:75 arg1 desert 77:82 a saline desert 68:82 a saline desert 68:82 nov., isolated from a saline desert. 28920841 8 30 theme major 997:1001 arg1 anteiso-C15  1029:1040 anteiso-C15  1029:1040 anteiso-C15  1029:1040 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17:0, C16 : 0, and iso-C15 : 0. 28920841 8 30 theme major 997:1001 arg1 acids 1018:1022 The major cellular fatty acids 993:1022 The major cellular fatty acids 993:1022 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17:0, C16 : 0, and iso-C15 : 0. 28920841 0 31 theme Desertibacillus 0:14 arg1 nov. 38:41 Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov. 0:41 Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov. 0:41 Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 14 32 theme 29919=KCTC 1707:1716 arg1 33877 1718:1722 =LMG 29919=KCTC 33877 1702:1722 =LMG 29919=KCTC 33877 1702:1722 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 14 32 theme 29919=KCTC 1707:1716 arg1 KJ1-10-93 1691:1699 KJ1-10-93 1691:1699 KJ1-10-93 1691:1699 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 14 33 theme order 1793:1797 arg1 Bacillales 1799:1808 order Bacillales 1793:1808 order Bacillales 1793:1808 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 14 33 theme order 1793:1797 arg1 genus 1760:1764 a new genus 1754:1764 a new genus in the family Bacillaceae 1754:1790 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 14 34 from genus 1760:1764 arg1 Bacillaceae 1780:1790 the family Bacillaceae 1769:1790 the family Bacillaceae 1769:1790 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 14 35 theme family 1773:1778 arg1 Bacillaceae 1780:1790 the family Bacillaceae 1769:1790 the family Bacillaceae 1769:1790 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 14 36 theme =LMG 1702:1705 arg1 33877 1718:1722 =LMG 29919=KCTC 33877 1702:1722 =LMG 29919=KCTC 33877 1702:1722 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 14 36 theme =LMG 1702:1705 arg1 KJ1-10-93 1691:1699 KJ1-10-93 1691:1699 KJ1-10-93 1691:1699 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 3 37 with related 421:427 arg1 similarity 471:480 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 448:480 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.9 % 448:490 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae and were closely related to each other with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.9 %. 28920841 13 38 theme closest 1476:1482 arg1 neighbours 1497:1506 closest phylogenetic neighbours 1476:1506 closest phylogenetic neighbours based on a number of phenotypic properties 1476:1549 Both strains could be distinguished from closest phylogenetic neighbours based on a number of phenotypic properties. 28920841 10 39 theme isoprenoid 1196:1205 arg1 MK-7 1219:1222 MK-7 1219:1222 MK-7 1219:1222 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 in both the strains. 28920841 10 39 theme isoprenoid 1196:1205 arg1 quinone 1207:1213 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1180:1213 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1180:1213 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 in both the strains. 28920841 0 40 theme gen. 33:36 arg1 nov. 38:41 Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov. 0:41 Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov. 0:41 Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 3 41 theme % 490:490 arg1 similarity 471:480 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 448:480 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.9 % 448:490 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae and were closely related to each other with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.9 %. 28920841 13 42 theme phylogenetic 1484:1495 arg1 neighbours 1497:1506 closest phylogenetic neighbours 1476:1506 closest phylogenetic neighbours based on a number of phenotypic properties 1476:1549 Both strains could be distinguished from closest phylogenetic neighbours based on a number of phenotypic properties. 28920841 10 43 theme predominant 1184:1194 arg1 MK-7 1219:1222 MK-7 1219:1222 MK-7 1219:1222 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 in both the strains. 28920841 10 43 theme predominant 1184:1194 arg1 quinone 1207:1213 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1180:1213 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1180:1213 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 in both the strains. 28920841 14 44 theme gen. 1863:1866 arg1 nov. 1868:1871 the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov. 1821:1871 the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov. 1821:1871 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 9 45 theme major 1091:1095 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1115:1136 diphosphatidylglycerol 1115:1136 diphosphatidylglycerol 1115:1136 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol in both strains. 28920841 9 45 theme major 1091:1095 arg1 lipids 1103:1108 The major polar lipids 1087:1108 The major polar lipids 1087:1108 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol in both strains. 28920841 7 46 dep Bacillus 903:910 arg1 nanhaiisediminis 912:927 nanhaiisediminis 912:927 nanhaiisediminis 912:927 Both strains shared highest sequence similarity with Fermentibacillus polygoni IEB3T (96.90 %) followed by Bacillus nanhaiisediminis NH3T (96.3 %) and Bacillus alkalinitrilicus ANL-iso4T (96.3 %). 28920841 14 47 theme genus 1760:1764 arg1 species 1743:1749 a novel species 1735:1749 a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp 1735:1875 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 3 48 theme family 385:390 arg1 Bacillaceae 392:402 the family Bacillaceae 381:402 the family Bacillaceae 381:402 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae and were closely related to each other with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.9 %. 28920841 14 49 dep strains 1642:1648 arg1 KJ1-10-99T 1650:1659 KJ1-10-99T 1650:1659 KJ1-10-99T 1650:1659 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 14 49 dep strains 1642:1648 arg1 33877 1718:1722 =LMG 29919=KCTC 33877 1702:1722 =LMG 29919=KCTC 33877 1702:1722 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 14 49 dep strains 1642:1648 arg1 strains 1642:1648 the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) 1638:1723 the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) 1638:1723 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 14 49 dep strains 1642:1648 arg1 33878T 1679:1684 =LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T 1662:1684 =LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T 1662:1684 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 14 49 dep strains 1642:1648 arg1 KJ1-10-93 1691:1699 KJ1-10-93 1691:1699 KJ1-10-93 1691:1699 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 2 50 theme single 169:174 arg1 species 176:182 a single species 167:182 a single species 167:182 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93, were isolated from a saline desert of Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 28920841 12 51 dep strains 1364:1370 arg1 KJ1-10-99T 1372:1381 KJ1-10-99T 1372:1381 KJ1-10-99T 1372:1381 The DNA G+C content of strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93 were 48.7 and 48.9 mol% respectively. 28920841 12 51 dep strains 1364:1370 arg1 strains 1364:1370 strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93 1364:1395 strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93 1364:1395 The DNA G+C content of strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93 were 48.7 and 48.9 mol% respectively. 28920841 12 51 dep strains 1364:1370 arg1 KJ1-10-93 1387:1395 KJ1-10-93 1387:1395 KJ1-10-93 1387:1395 The DNA G+C content of strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93 were 48.7 and 48.9 mol% respectively. 28920841 7 52 dep Bacillus 947:954 arg1 alkalinitrilicus 956:971 alkalinitrilicus 956:971 alkalinitrilicus 956:971 Both strains shared highest sequence similarity with Fermentibacillus polygoni IEB3T (96.90 %) followed by Bacillus nanhaiisediminis NH3T (96.3 %) and Bacillus alkalinitrilicus ANL-iso4T (96.3 %). 28920841 8 53 theme cellular 1003:1010 arg1 anteiso-C15  1029:1040 anteiso-C15  1029:1040 anteiso-C15  1029:1040 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17:0, C16 : 0, and iso-C15 : 0. 28920841 8 53 theme cellular 1003:1010 arg1 acids 1018:1022 The major cellular fatty acids 993:1022 The major cellular fatty acids 993:1022 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17:0, C16 : 0, and iso-C15 : 0. 28920841 6 54 theme % 773:773 arg1 concentration 745:757 a NaCl concentration 738:757 a NaCl concentration of 7.5 and 15 % (w/v), respectively 738:793 Further, strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93 grew optimally at a NaCl concentration of 7.5 and 15 % (w/v), respectively. 28920841 0 55 dep sp 44:45 arg1 nov. 38:41 Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov. 0:41 Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov. 0:41 Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 3 56 theme rRNA 452:455 arg1 similarity 471:480 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 448:480 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.9 % 448:490 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae and were closely related to each other with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.9 %. 28920841 12 57 theme DNA 1345:1347 arg1 % 1419:1419 48.7 and 48.9 mol% 1402:1419 48.7 and 48.9 mol% 1402:1419 The DNA G+C content of strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93 were 48.7 and 48.9 mol% respectively. 28920841 12 57 theme DNA 1345:1347 arg1 G+C content 1349:1359 The DNA G+C content 1341:1359 The DNA G+C content of strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93 1341:1395 The DNA G+C content of strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93 were 48.7 and 48.9 mol% respectively. 28920841 7 58 theme Bacillus 947:954 arg1 ANL-iso4T 973:981 Bacillus alkalinitrilicus ANL-iso4T 947:981 Bacillus alkalinitrilicus ANL-iso4T (96.3 %) 947:990 Both strains shared highest sequence similarity with Fermentibacillus polygoni IEB3T (96.90 %) followed by Bacillus nanhaiisediminis NH3T (96.3 %) and Bacillus alkalinitrilicus ANL-iso4T (96.3 %). 28920841 7 58 theme Bacillus 947:954 arg1 % 989:989 96.3 % 984:989 96.3 % 984:989 Both strains shared highest sequence similarity with Fermentibacillus polygoni IEB3T (96.90 %) followed by Bacillus nanhaiisediminis NH3T (96.3 %) and Bacillus alkalinitrilicus ANL-iso4T (96.3 %). 28920841 12 59 theme strains 1364:1370 arg1 % 1419:1419 48.7 and 48.9 mol% 1402:1419 48.7 and 48.9 mol% 1402:1419 The DNA G+C content of strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93 were 48.7 and 48.9 mol% respectively. 28920841 12 59 theme strains 1364:1370 arg1 G+C content 1349:1359 The DNA G+C content 1341:1359 The DNA G+C content of strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93 1341:1395 The DNA G+C content of strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93 were 48.7 and 48.9 mol% respectively. 28920841 11 60 contain contained 1263:1271 arg2 acid 1335:1338 the diagnostic diamino acid 1312:1338 the diagnostic diamino acid 1312:1338 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28920841 11 60 contain contained 1263:1271 arg1 peptidoglycan 1249:1261 The peptidoglycan 1245:1261 The peptidoglycan 1245:1261 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28920841 11 60 contain contained 1263:1271 arg2 acid 1293:1296 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1273:1296 meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) 1273:1307 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28920841 11 60 contain contained 1263:1271 arg2 meso-DAP 1299:1306 meso-DAP 1299:1306 meso-DAP 1299:1306 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28920841 3 61 theme gene 457:460 arg1 similarity 471:480 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 448:480 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.9 % 448:490 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae and were closely related to each other with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.9 %. 28920841 7 62 theme highest 816:822 arg1 similarity 833:842 highest sequence similarity 816:842 highest sequence similarity 816:842 Both strains shared highest sequence similarity with Fermentibacillus polygoni IEB3T (96.90 %) followed by Bacillus nanhaiisediminis NH3T (96.3 %) and Bacillus alkalinitrilicus ANL-iso4T (96.3 %). 28920841 14 63 theme 29918T=KCTC 1667:1677 arg1 KJ1-10-99T 1650:1659 KJ1-10-99T 1650:1659 KJ1-10-99T 1650:1659 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 14 63 theme 29918T=KCTC 1667:1677 arg1 33878T 1679:1684 =LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T 1662:1684 =LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T 1662:1684 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 13 64 theme phenotypic 1529:1538 arg1 properties 1540:1549 phenotypic properties 1529:1549 phenotypic properties 1529:1549 Both strains could be distinguished from closest phylogenetic neighbours based on a number of phenotypic properties. 28920841 14 65 theme taxonomic 1579:1587 arg1 analysis 1589:1596 polyphasic taxonomic analysis 1568:1596 polyphasic taxonomic analysis 1568:1596 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 14 66 theme Desertibacillus 1830:1844 arg1 nov. 1868:1871 the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov. 1821:1871 the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov. 1821:1871 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 7 67 theme sequence 824:831 arg1 similarity 833:842 highest sequence similarity 816:842 highest sequence similarity 816:842 Both strains shared highest sequence similarity with Fermentibacillus polygoni IEB3T (96.90 %) followed by Bacillus nanhaiisediminis NH3T (96.3 %) and Bacillus alkalinitrilicus ANL-iso4T (96.3 %). 28920841 2 68 dep strains 196:202 arg1 strains 196:202 strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93 196:227 strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93 196:227 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93, were isolated from a saline desert of Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 28920841 2 68 dep strains 196:202 arg1 KJ1-10-93 219:227 KJ1-10-93 219:227 KJ1-10-93 219:227 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93, were isolated from a saline desert of Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 28920841 2 68 dep strains 196:202 arg1 KJ1-10-99T 204:213 KJ1-10-99T 204:213 KJ1-10-99T 204:213 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93, were isolated from a saline desert of Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 28920841 8 69 theme fatty 1012:1016 arg1 anteiso-C15  1029:1040 anteiso-C15  1029:1040 anteiso-C15  1029:1040 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17:0, C16 : 0, and iso-C15 : 0. 28920841 8 69 theme fatty 1012:1016 arg1 acids 1018:1022 The major cellular fatty acids 993:1022 The major cellular fatty acids 993:1022 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17:0, C16 : 0, and iso-C15 : 0. 28920841 11 70 theme diagnostic 1316:1325 arg1 acid 1335:1338 the diagnostic diamino acid 1312:1338 the diagnostic diamino acid 1312:1338 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28920841 11 70 theme diagnostic 1316:1325 arg1 acid 1293:1296 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1273:1296 meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) 1273:1307 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28920841 2 71 theme saline 251:256 arg1 desert 258:263 a saline desert 249:263 a saline desert of Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India 249:303 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93, were isolated from a saline desert of Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 28920841 2 72 theme India 299:303 arg1 Rann 275:278 Little Rann 268:278 Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India 268:303 Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93, were isolated from a saline desert of Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 28920841 14 73 from species 1743:1749 arg1 Bacillaceae 1780:1790 the family Bacillaceae 1769:1790 the family Bacillaceae 1769:1790 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 11 74 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1273:1291 arg1 meso-DAP 1299:1306 meso-DAP 1299:1306 meso-DAP 1299:1306 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28920841 11 74 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1273:1291 arg1 acid 1335:1338 the diagnostic diamino acid 1312:1338 the diagnostic diamino acid 1312:1338 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28920841 11 74 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1273:1291 arg1 acid 1293:1296 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1273:1296 meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) 1273:1307 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28920841 14 75 theme new 1756:1758 arg1 Bacillales 1799:1808 order Bacillales 1793:1808 order Bacillales 1793:1808 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 14 75 theme new 1756:1758 arg1 genus 1760:1764 a new genus 1754:1764 a new genus in the family Bacillaceae 1754:1790 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 7 76 theme Bacillus 903:910 arg1 NH3T 929:932 Bacillus nanhaiisediminis NH3T 903:932 Bacillus nanhaiisediminis NH3T (96.3 %) 903:941 Both strains shared highest sequence similarity with Fermentibacillus polygoni IEB3T (96.90 %) followed by Bacillus nanhaiisediminis NH3T (96.3 %) and Bacillus alkalinitrilicus ANL-iso4T (96.3 %). 28920841 7 76 theme Bacillus 903:910 arg1 % 940:940 96.3 % 935:940 96.3 % 935:940 Both strains shared highest sequence similarity with Fermentibacillus polygoni IEB3T (96.90 %) followed by Bacillus nanhaiisediminis NH3T (96.3 %) and Bacillus alkalinitrilicus ANL-iso4T (96.3 %). 28920841 4 77 theme phylogenetic 536:547 arg1 branch 549:554 a novel phylogenetic branch 528:554 a novel phylogenetic branch within this family 528:573 However, these two isolates formed a novel phylogenetic branch within this family. 28920841 9 78 from phosphatidylglycerol 1142:1161 arg1 strains 1171:1177 both strains 1166:1177 both strains 1166:1177 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol in both strains. 28920841 14 79 dep analysis 1589:1596 arg1 the 1555:1557 the 1555:1557 the 1555:1557 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 14 79 dep analysis 1589:1596 arg1 basis 1559:1563 basis 1559:1563 basis 1559:1563 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 14 80 dep Desertibacillus 1830:1844 arg1 haloalkaliphilus 1846:1861 haloalkaliphilus 1846:1861 haloalkaliphilus 1846:1861 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 14 81 theme =LMG 1662:1665 arg1 KJ1-10-99T 1650:1659 KJ1-10-99T 1650:1659 KJ1-10-99T 1650:1659 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 28920841 14 81 theme =LMG 1662:1665 arg1 33878T 1679:1684 =LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T 1662:1684 =LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T 1662:1684 On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. 27021356 1 0 theme n-3 245:247 arg1 ratio 249:253 the n-6:n-3 ratio 237:253 the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) 237:274 The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of both the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) on the acute inflammatory response. 27021356 1 1 from role 168:171 arg1 response 302:309 the acute inflammatory response 279:309 the acute inflammatory response 279:309 The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of both the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) on the acute inflammatory response. 27021356 6 2 from PUFA 758:761 arg1 kcal 748:751 high %kcal 742:751 high %kcal from PUFA 742:761 In mice fed high %kcal from PUFA, those given a low n-6:n-3 ratio had more body fat than those fed a high ratio. 27021356 1 3 theme ratio 249:253 arg1 role 168:171 the role 164:171 the role of both the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) on the acute inflammatory response 164:309 The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of both the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) on the acute inflammatory response. 27021356 7 4 theme % 919:919 arg1 p<0.05 927:932 p<0.05 927:932 p<0.05 927:932 Of the twelve cytokines measured, eleven were significantly affected by the % PUFA (p<0.05), whereas five were affected by the ratio (p<0.05). 27021356 7 4 theme % 919:919 arg1 PUFA 921:924 the % PUFA 915:924 the % PUFA (p<0.05) 915:933 Of the twelve cytokines measured, eleven were significantly affected by the % PUFA (p<0.05), whereas five were affected by the ratio (p<0.05). 27021356 8 5 theme way 1073:1075 arg1 p<0.05 1084:1089 p<0.05 1084:1089 p<0.05 1084:1089 For seven cytokines, there was a significant PUFA×ratio interaction according to a two way ANOVA (p<0.05). 27021356 8 5 theme way 1073:1075 arg1 ANOVA 1077:1081 a two way ANOVA 1067:1081 a two way ANOVA (p<0.05) 1067:1090 For seven cytokines, there was a significant PUFA×ratio interaction according to a two way ANOVA (p<0.05). 27021356 6 6 theme body 805:808 arg1 fat 810:812 more body fat 800:812 more body fat 800:812 In mice fed high %kcal from PUFA, those given a low n-6:n-3 ratio had more body fat than those fed a high ratio. 27021356 0 7 theme challenged 108:117 arg1 mice 119:122 lipopolysaccharide challenged mice 89:122 lipopolysaccharide challenged mice 89:122 Concentration and ratio of essential fatty acids influences the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide challenged mice. 27021356 9 8 theme LPS 1165:1167 arg1 induced-inflammation 1169:1188 LPS induced-inflammation 1165:1188 LPS induced-inflammation 1165:1188 These data indicate that dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids can affect LPS induced-inflammation. 27021356 2 9 theme acute 394:398 arg1 inflammation 400:411 acute inflammation 394:411 acute inflammation 394:411 Mice were fed diets for 8 weeks and injected intraperitoneally with LPS to induce acute inflammation. 27021356 6 10 theme % 747:747 arg1 kcal 748:751 high %kcal 742:751 high %kcal from PUFA 742:761 In mice fed high %kcal from PUFA, those given a low n-6:n-3 ratio had more body fat than those fed a high ratio. 27021356 5 11 theme dietary 620:626 arg1 PUFA 628:631 The % dietary PUFA 614:631 The % dietary PUFA 614:631 The % dietary PUFA affected feed efficiency (p<0.05) and there was a PUFA×ratio interaction with body fat (p<0.01). 27021356 6 12 theme high 742:745 arg1 kcal 748:751 high %kcal 742:751 high %kcal from PUFA 742:761 In mice fed high %kcal from PUFA, those given a low n-6:n-3 ratio had more body fat than those fed a high ratio. 27021356 5 13 theme body 711:714 arg1 fat 716:718 body fat 711:718 body fat (p<0.01) 711:727 The % dietary PUFA affected feed efficiency (p<0.05) and there was a PUFA×ratio interaction with body fat (p<0.01). 27021356 5 13 theme body 711:714 arg1 p<0.01 721:726 p<0.01 721:726 p<0.01 721:726 The % dietary PUFA affected feed efficiency (p<0.05) and there was a PUFA×ratio interaction with body fat (p<0.01). 27021356 4 14 theme PUFA 521:524 arg1 composition 526:536 the erythrocyte PUFA composition 505:536 the erythrocyte PUFA composition 505:536 Diets significantly affected the erythrocyte PUFA composition and the effect of PUFA ratio was more prominent than of PUFA concentration. 27021356 7 15 dep affected 903:910 arg1 whereas 936:942 whereas 936:942 whereas 936:942 Of the twelve cytokines measured, eleven were significantly affected by the % PUFA (p<0.05), whereas five were affected by the ratio (p<0.05). 27021356 6 16 contain had 796:798 arg1 those 764:768 those 764:768 those 764:768 In mice fed high %kcal from PUFA, those given a low n-6:n-3 ratio had more body fat than those fed a high ratio. 27021356 6 16 contain had 796:798 arg2 fat 810:812 more body fat 800:812 more body fat 800:812 In mice fed high %kcal from PUFA, those given a low n-6:n-3 ratio had more body fat than those fed a high ratio. 27021356 4 17 theme ratio 561:565 arg1 prominent 576:584 prominent 576:584 prominent 576:584 Diets significantly affected the erythrocyte PUFA composition and the effect of PUFA ratio was more prominent than of PUFA concentration. 27021356 4 17 theme ratio 561:565 arg1 effect 546:551 the effect 542:551 the effect of PUFA ratio 542:565 Diets significantly affected the erythrocyte PUFA composition and the effect of PUFA ratio was more prominent than of PUFA concentration. 27021356 1 18 dep ratio 249:253 arg1 20:1 270:273 20:1 270:273 20:1 270:273 The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of both the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) on the acute inflammatory response. 27021356 1 18 dep ratio 249:253 arg1 10:1 261:264 10:1 261:264 10:1 261:264 The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of both the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) on the acute inflammatory response. 27021356 1 18 dep ratio 249:253 arg1 1:1 256:258 1:1 256:258 1:1 256:258 The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of both the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) on the acute inflammatory response. 27021356 3 19 theme plasma 449:454 arg1 cytokines 456:464 plasma cytokines 449:464 plasma cytokines 449:464 After 24h mice were sacrificed and plasma cytokines measured. 27021356 4 20 theme PUFA 556:559 arg1 ratio 561:565 PUFA ratio 556:565 PUFA ratio 556:565 Diets significantly affected the erythrocyte PUFA composition and the effect of PUFA ratio was more prominent than of PUFA concentration. 27021356 5 21 theme PUFA×ratio 683:692 arg1 interaction 694:704 a PUFA×ratio interaction 681:704 a PUFA×ratio interaction with body fat (p<0.01) 681:727 The % dietary PUFA affected feed efficiency (p<0.05) and there was a PUFA×ratio interaction with body fat (p<0.01). 27021356 6 22 theme n-3 786:788 arg1 ratio 790:794 a low n-6:n-3 ratio 776:794 a low n-6:n-3 ratio 776:794 In mice fed high %kcal from PUFA, those given a low n-6:n-3 ratio had more body fat than those fed a high ratio. 27021356 5 23 with interaction 694:704 arg1 fat 716:718 body fat 711:718 body fat (p<0.01) 711:727 The % dietary PUFA affected feed efficiency (p<0.05) and there was a PUFA×ratio interaction with body fat (p<0.01). 27021356 5 23 with interaction 694:704 arg1 p<0.01 721:726 p<0.01 721:726 p<0.01 721:726 The % dietary PUFA affected feed efficiency (p<0.05) and there was a PUFA×ratio interaction with body fat (p<0.01). 27021356 1 24 dep PUFA 209:212 arg1 % 218:218 2.5% 215:218 2.5% 215:218 The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of both the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) on the acute inflammatory response. 27021356 1 24 dep PUFA 209:212 arg1 % 222:222 5% 221:222 5% 221:222 The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of both the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) on the acute inflammatory response. 27021356 1 24 dep PUFA 209:212 arg1 % 230:230 10% 228:230 10% 228:230 The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of both the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) on the acute inflammatory response. 27021356 1 25 theme % 185:185 arg1 role 168:171 the role 164:171 the role of both the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) on the acute inflammatory response 164:309 The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of both the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) on the acute inflammatory response. 27021356 0 26 theme fatty 37:41 arg1 acids 43:47 essential fatty acids 27:47 essential fatty acids 27:47 Concentration and ratio of essential fatty acids influences the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide challenged mice. 27021356 6 27 theme n-6 782:784 arg1 ratio 790:794 a low n-6:n-3 ratio 776:794 a low n-6:n-3 ratio 776:794 In mice fed high %kcal from PUFA, those given a low n-6:n-3 ratio had more body fat than those fed a high ratio. 27021356 0 28 from response 77:84 arg1 mice 119:122 lipopolysaccharide challenged mice 89:122 lipopolysaccharide challenged mice 89:122 Concentration and ratio of essential fatty acids influences the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide challenged mice. 27021356 8 29 theme significant 1019:1029 arg1 interaction 1042:1052 a significant PUFA×ratio interaction 1017:1052 a significant PUFA×ratio interaction 1017:1052 For seven cytokines, there was a significant PUFA×ratio interaction according to a two way ANOVA (p<0.05). 27021356 0 30 theme essential 27:35 arg1 acids 43:47 essential fatty acids 27:47 essential fatty acids 27:47 Concentration and ratio of essential fatty acids influences the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide challenged mice. 27021356 6 31 theme low 778:780 arg1 ratio 790:794 a low n-6:n-3 ratio 776:794 a low n-6:n-3 ratio 776:794 In mice fed high %kcal from PUFA, those given a low n-6:n-3 ratio had more body fat than those fed a high ratio. 27021356 5 32 theme % 618:618 arg1 PUFA 628:631 The % dietary PUFA 614:631 The % dietary PUFA 614:631 The % dietary PUFA affected feed efficiency (p<0.05) and there was a PUFA×ratio interaction with body fat (p<0.01). 27021356 4 33 theme erythrocyte 509:519 arg1 composition 526:536 the erythrocyte PUFA composition 505:536 the erythrocyte PUFA composition 505:536 Diets significantly affected the erythrocyte PUFA composition and the effect of PUFA ratio was more prominent than of PUFA concentration. 27021356 1 34 theme dietary 190:196 arg1 PUFA 209:212 dietary, 18-carbon PUFA 190:212 dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) 190:231 The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of both the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) on the acute inflammatory response. 27021356 4 35 theme PUFA 594:597 arg1 concentration 599:611 PUFA concentration 594:611 PUFA concentration 594:611 Diets significantly affected the erythrocyte PUFA composition and the effect of PUFA ratio was more prominent than of PUFA concentration. 27021356 0 36 theme acids 43:47 arg1 ratio 18:22 ratio 18:22 ratio 18:22 Concentration and ratio of essential fatty acids influences the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide challenged mice. 27021356 0 36 theme acids 43:47 arg1 Concentration 0:12 Concentration 0:12 Concentration 0:12 Concentration and ratio of essential fatty acids influences the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide challenged mice. 27021356 1 37 theme acute 283:287 arg1 response 302:309 the acute inflammatory response 279:309 the acute inflammatory response 279:309 The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of both the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) on the acute inflammatory response. 27021356 8 38 theme PUFA×ratio 1031:1040 arg1 interaction 1042:1052 a significant PUFA×ratio interaction 1017:1052 a significant PUFA×ratio interaction 1017:1052 For seven cytokines, there was a significant PUFA×ratio interaction according to a two way ANOVA (p<0.05). 27021356 1 39 theme n-6 241:243 arg1 ratio 249:253 the n-6:n-3 ratio 237:253 the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) 237:274 The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of both the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) on the acute inflammatory response. 27021356 1 40 theme inflammatory 289:300 arg1 response 302:309 the acute inflammatory response 279:309 the acute inflammatory response 279:309 The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of both the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) on the acute inflammatory response. 27021356 9 41 theme dietary 1118:1124 arg1 acids 1148:1152 dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids 1118:1152 dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids 1118:1152 These data indicate that dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids can affect LPS induced-inflammation. 27021356 1 42 dep dietary 190:196 arg1 18-carbon 199:207 18-carbon 199:207 18-carbon 199:207 The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of both the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) on the acute inflammatory response. 27021356 9 43 theme fatty 1142:1146 arg1 acids 1148:1152 dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids 1118:1152 dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids 1118:1152 These data indicate that dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids can affect LPS induced-inflammation. 27021356 4 44 theme concentration 599:611 arg1 prominent 576:584 prominent 576:584 prominent 576:584 Diets significantly affected the erythrocyte PUFA composition and the effect of PUFA ratio was more prominent than of PUFA concentration. 27021356 4 44 theme concentration 599:611 arg1 effect 546:551 the effect 542:551 the effect of PUFA ratio 542:565 Diets significantly affected the erythrocyte PUFA composition and the effect of PUFA ratio was more prominent than of PUFA concentration. 27021356 9 45 theme polyunsaturated 1126:1140 arg1 acids 1148:1152 dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids 1118:1152 dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids 1118:1152 These data indicate that dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids can affect LPS induced-inflammation. 27021356 0 46 theme inflammatory 64:75 arg1 response 77:84 the inflammatory response 60:84 the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide challenged mice 60:122 Concentration and ratio of essential fatty acids influences the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide challenged mice. 27021356 6 47 theme high 831:834 arg1 ratio 836:840 a high ratio 829:840 a high ratio 829:840 In mice fed high %kcal from PUFA, those given a low n-6:n-3 ratio had more body fat than those fed a high ratio. 27021356 1 48 theme study 142:146 arg1 goal 129:132 The goal 125:132 The goal of this study 125:146 The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of both the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) on the acute inflammatory response. 27021356 1 49 theme PUFA 209:212 arg1 ratio 249:253 the n-6:n-3 ratio 237:253 the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) 237:274 The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of both the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) on the acute inflammatory response. 27021356 1 49 theme PUFA 209:212 arg1 % 185:185 the % 181:185 the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) 181:231 The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of both the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) on the acute inflammatory response. 27021356 1 49 theme PUFA 209:212 arg1 PUFA 209:212 dietary, 18-carbon PUFA 190:212 dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) 190:231 The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of both the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) on the acute inflammatory response. 27021356 5 50 theme feed 642:645 arg1 p<0.05 659:664 p<0.05 659:664 p<0.05 659:664 The % dietary PUFA affected feed efficiency (p<0.05) and there was a PUFA×ratio interaction with body fat (p<0.01). 27021356 5 50 theme feed 642:645 arg1 efficiency 647:656 feed efficiency 642:656 feed efficiency (p<0.05) 642:665 The % dietary PUFA affected feed efficiency (p<0.05) and there was a PUFA×ratio interaction with body fat (p<0.01). 27021356 0 51 theme lipopolysaccharide 89:106 arg1 mice 119:122 lipopolysaccharide challenged mice 89:122 lipopolysaccharide challenged mice 89:122 Concentration and ratio of essential fatty acids influences the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide challenged mice. 28920837 4 0 theme strain 473:478 arg1 NEAU-cbsb5T 480:490 strain NEAU-cbsb5T 473:490 strain NEAU-cbsb5T 473:490 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NEAU-cbsb5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T (99.1 % similarity) and Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T (99.0 %). 28920837 11 1 theme genomic 1501:1507 arg1 content 1517:1523 The genomic DNA G+C content 1497:1523 The genomic DNA G+C content 1497:1523 The genomic DNA G+C content was 33.0 mol%. 28920837 11 1 theme genomic 1501:1507 arg1 % 1537:1537 33.0 mol% 1529:1537 33.0 mol% 1529:1537 The genomic DNA G+C content was 33.0 mol%. 28920837 7 2 theme hybridization 966:978 arg1 values 980:985 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values 944:985 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T 944:1092 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 7 2 theme hybridization 966:978 arg1 % 1110:1110 both 23.80 % 1099:1110 both 23.80 % 1099:1110 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 10 3 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1419:1437 arg1 acid 1439:1442 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1419:1442 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1419:1442 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinones were MK-7 and MK-6. 28920837 0 4 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 20:21 Bacillus solisilvae sp 0:21 Bacillus solisilvae sp. 0:22 Bacillus solisilvae sp. 28920837 8 5 dep iso-C15  1212:1219 arg1 acids 1186:1190 The major cellular fatty acids 1161:1190 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T 1161:1205 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920837 8 5 dep iso-C15  1212:1219 arg1  0 1221:1222  0 1221:1222  0 1221:1222 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920837 8 5 dep iso-C15  1212:1219 arg1 iso-C15  1212:1219 iso-C15  1212:1219 iso-C15  1212:1219 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920837 9 6 theme polar 1258:1262 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1276:1297 diphosphatidylglycerol 1276:1297 diphosphatidylglycerol 1276:1297 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown aminophospholipid. 28920837 9 6 theme polar 1258:1262 arg1 lipids 1264:1269 The polar lipids 1254:1269 The polar lipids 1254:1269 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown aminophospholipid. 28920837 12 7 theme strain 1603:1608 arg1 representative 1642:1655 a representative 1640:1655 a representative of a novel species in the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solisilvae sp 1640:1739 Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain NEAU-cbsb5T was classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solisilvae sp. 28920837 12 7 theme strain 1603:1608 arg1 NEAU-cbsb5T 1610:1620 strain NEAU-cbsb5T 1603:1620 strain NEAU-cbsb5T 1603:1620 Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain NEAU-cbsb5T was classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solisilvae sp. 28920837 10 8 theme predominant 1452:1462 arg1 MK-7 1482:1485 MK-7 1482:1485 MK-7 1482:1485 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinones were MK-7 and MK-6. 28920837 10 8 theme predominant 1452:1462 arg1 menaquinones 1464:1475 the predominant menaquinones 1448:1475 the predominant menaquinones 1448:1475 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinones were MK-7 and MK-6. 28920837 12 9 from representative 1642:1655 arg1 Bacillus 1689:1696 genus Bacillus 1683:1696 the genus Bacillus 1679:1696 Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain NEAU-cbsb5T was classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solisilvae sp. 28920837 2 10 dep Province 222:229 arg1 Heilongjiang 209:220 Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province 190:229 Heilongjiang 209:220 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, NEAU-cbsb5T, was isolated from forest soil from Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province, China. 28920837 6 11 theme nucleotide 797:806 arg1 ANI 818:820 ANI 818:820 ANI 818:820 Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between NEAU-cbsb5T and its most closely related species were 78.72-84.75 % by ANIm, ANIb and OrthoANIu analysis. 28920837 6 11 theme nucleotide 797:806 arg1 identity 808:815 Average nucleotide identity 789:815 Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between NEAU-cbsb5T and its most closely related species 789:885 Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between NEAU-cbsb5T and its most closely related species were 78.72-84.75 % by ANIm, ANIb and OrthoANIu analysis. 28920837 2 12 theme Gram-stain-positive 65:83 arg1 strain 134:139 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 57:139 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 57:139 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, NEAU-cbsb5T, was isolated from forest soil from Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province, China. 28920837 2 12 theme Gram-stain-positive 65:83 arg1 NEAU-cbsb5T 142:152 NEAU-cbsb5T 142:152 NEAU-cbsb5T 142:152 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, NEAU-cbsb5T, was isolated from forest soil from Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province, China. 28920837 2 13 theme Mountain 199:206 arg1 China 232:236 China 232:236 China 232:236 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, NEAU-cbsb5T, was isolated from forest soil from Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province, China. 28920837 2 13 theme Mountain 199:206 arg1 Province 222:229 Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province 190:229 Province 222:229 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, NEAU-cbsb5T, was isolated from forest soil from Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province, China. 28920837 12 14 theme phenotypic 1567:1576 arg1 data 1597:1600 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1549:1600 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1549:1600 Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain NEAU-cbsb5T was classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solisilvae sp. 28920837 12 15 from Bacillus 1689:1696 arg1 representative 1642:1655 a representative 1640:1655 a representative of a novel species in the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solisilvae sp 1640:1739 Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain NEAU-cbsb5T was classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solisilvae sp. 28920837 12 15 from Bacillus 1689:1696 arg1 NEAU-cbsb5T 1610:1620 strain NEAU-cbsb5T 1603:1620 strain NEAU-cbsb5T 1603:1620 Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain NEAU-cbsb5T was classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solisilvae sp. 28920837 4 16 theme % 613:613 arg1 similarity 615:624 99.1 % similarity 608:624 99.1 % similarity 608:624 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NEAU-cbsb5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T (99.1 % similarity) and Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T (99.0 %). 28920837 4 16 theme % 613:613 arg1 18954T 600:605 Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T 576:605 Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T (99.1 % similarity) 576:625 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NEAU-cbsb5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T (99.1 % similarity) and Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T (99.0 %). 28920837 12 17 theme chemotaxonomic 1582:1595 arg1 data 1597:1600 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1549:1600 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1549:1600 Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain NEAU-cbsb5T was classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solisilvae sp. 28920837 6 18 theme related 871:877 arg1 species 879:885 its most closely related species 854:885 its most closely related species 854:885 Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between NEAU-cbsb5T and its most closely related species were 78.72-84.75 % by ANIm, ANIb and OrthoANIu analysis. 28920837 4 19 theme Bacillus 576:583 arg1 similarity 615:624 99.1 % similarity 608:624 99.1 % similarity 608:624 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NEAU-cbsb5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T (99.1 % similarity) and Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T (99.0 %). 28920837 4 19 theme Bacillus 576:583 arg1 18954T 600:605 Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T 576:605 Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T (99.1 % similarity) 576:625 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NEAU-cbsb5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T (99.1 % similarity) and Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T (99.0 %). 28920837 7 20 theme JCM 1083:1085 arg1 12212T 1087:1092 B. luciferensis JCM 12212T 1067:1092 B. luciferensis JCM 12212T 1067:1092 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 7 20 theme JCM 1083:1085 arg1 relatives 1028:1036 its close relatives 1018:1036 its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T 1018:1092 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 5 21 theme Bacillus 750:757 arg1 species 759:765 other Bacillus species 744:765 other Bacillus species 744:765 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to sequences of the type strains of other Bacillus species was less than 96.0 %. 28920837 4 22 theme DSM 596:598 arg1 similarity 615:624 99.1 % similarity 608:624 99.1 % similarity 608:624 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NEAU-cbsb5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T (99.1 % similarity) and Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T (99.0 %). 28920837 4 22 theme DSM 596:598 arg1 18954T 600:605 Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T 576:605 Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T (99.1 % similarity) 576:625 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NEAU-cbsb5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T (99.1 % similarity) and Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T (99.0 %). 28920837 7 23 theme B. 1067:1068 arg1 12212T 1087:1092 B. luciferensis JCM 12212T 1067:1092 B. luciferensis JCM 12212T 1067:1092 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 7 23 theme B. 1067:1068 arg1 relatives 1028:1036 its close relatives 1018:1036 its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T 1018:1092 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 8 24 dep  0 1221:1222 arg1  0 1250:1251  0 1250:1251  0 1250:1251 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920837 8 24 dep  0 1221:1222 arg1 C16  1245:1248 C16  1245:1248 C16  1245:1248 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920837 8 24 dep  0 1221:1222 arg1  0 1238:1239  0 1238:1239  0 1238:1239 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920837 12 25 theme phylogenetic 1553:1564 arg1 data 1597:1600 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1549:1600 the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data 1549:1600 Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain NEAU-cbsb5T was classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solisilvae sp. 28920837 4 26 theme JCM 653:655 arg1 12212T 657:662 Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T 631:662 Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T (99.0 %) 631:671 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NEAU-cbsb5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T (99.1 % similarity) and Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T (99.0 %). 28920837 4 26 theme JCM 653:655 arg1 % 670:670 99.0 % 665:670 99.0 % 665:670 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NEAU-cbsb5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T (99.1 % similarity) and Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T (99.0 %). 28920837 10 27 contain contained 1409:1417 arg1 peptidoglycan 1395:1407 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1381:1407 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1381:1407 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinones were MK-7 and MK-6. 28920837 10 27 contain contained 1409:1417 arg2 acid 1439:1442 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1419:1442 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1419:1442 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinones were MK-7 and MK-6. 28920837 6 28 theme ANIb 915:918 arg1 analysis 934:941 ANIm, ANIb and OrthoANIu analysis 909:941 ANIm, ANIb and OrthoANIu analysis 909:941 Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between NEAU-cbsb5T and its most closely related species were 78.72-84.75 % by ANIm, ANIb and OrthoANIu analysis. 28920837 5 29 theme rRNA 678:681 arg1 similarity 697:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 674:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to sequences of the type strains of other Bacillus species 674:765 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to sequences of the type strains of other Bacillus species was less than 96.0 %. 28920837 4 30 theme rRNA 439:442 arg1 sequences 449:457 16S rRNA gene sequences 435:457 16S rRNA gene sequences 435:457 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NEAU-cbsb5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T (99.1 % similarity) and Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T (99.0 %). 28920837 4 31 theme Bacillus 631:638 arg1 12212T 657:662 Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T 631:662 Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T (99.0 %) 631:671 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NEAU-cbsb5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T (99.1 % similarity) and Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T (99.0 %). 28920837 4 31 theme Bacillus 631:638 arg1 % 670:670 99.0 % 665:670 99.0 % 665:670 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NEAU-cbsb5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T (99.1 % similarity) and Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T (99.0 %). 28920837 5 32 theme sequence 688:695 arg1 similarity 697:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 674:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to sequences of the type strains of other Bacillus species 674:765 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to sequences of the type strains of other Bacillus species was less than 96.0 %. 28920837 7 33 theme different 1145:1153 arg1 taxa 1155:1158 different taxa 1145:1158 different taxa 1145:1158 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 12 34 theme Bacillus 1718:1725 arg1 sp 1738:1739 Bacillus solisilvae sp 1718:1739 the name Bacillus solisilvae sp 1709:1739 Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain NEAU-cbsb5T was classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solisilvae sp. 28920837 7 35 dep B. 1038:1039 arg1 acidiceler 1041:1050 acidiceler 1041:1050 acidiceler 1041:1050 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 14 36 theme =CGMCC 1792:1797 arg1 NEAU-cbsb5T 1779:1789 NEAU-cbsb5T 1779:1789 NEAU-cbsb5T (=CGMCC 1.14993T=DSM 100485T) 1779:1819 The type strain is NEAU-cbsb5T (=CGMCC 1.14993T=DSM 100485T). 28920837 14 36 theme =CGMCC 1792:1797 arg1 100485T 1812:1818 =CGMCC 1.14993T=DSM 100485T 1792:1818 =CGMCC 1.14993T=DSM 100485T 1792:1818 The type strain is NEAU-cbsb5T (=CGMCC 1.14993T=DSM 100485T). 28920837 12 37 from species 1668:1674 arg1 Bacillus 1689:1696 genus Bacillus 1683:1696 the genus Bacillus 1679:1696 Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain NEAU-cbsb5T was classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solisilvae sp. 28920837 2 38 theme forest 173:178 arg1 soil 180:183 forest soil 173:183 forest soil 173:183 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, NEAU-cbsb5T, was isolated from forest soil from Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province, China. 28920837 5 39 theme type 728:731 arg1 strains 733:739 the type strains 724:739 the type strains of other Bacillus species 724:765 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to sequences of the type strains of other Bacillus species was less than 96.0 %. 28920837 12 40 theme novel 1662:1666 arg1 species 1668:1674 a novel species 1660:1674 a novel species 1660:1674 Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain NEAU-cbsb5T was classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solisilvae sp. 28920837 7 41 theme 23.80  1104:1109 arg1 values 980:985 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values 944:985 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T 944:1092 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 7 41 theme 23.80  1104:1109 arg1 % 1110:1110 both 23.80 % 1099:1110 both 23.80 % 1099:1110 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 10 42 theme cell-wall 1385:1393 arg1 peptidoglycan 1395:1407 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1381:1407 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1381:1407 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinones were MK-7 and MK-6. 28920837 7 43 theme DNA-DNA 958:964 arg1 hybridization 966:978 in silico DNA-DNA hybridization 948:978 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T 944:1092 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 2 44 theme bacterial 124:132 arg1 strain 134:139 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 57:139 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 57:139 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, NEAU-cbsb5T, was isolated from forest soil from Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province, China. 28920837 2 44 theme bacterial 124:132 arg1 NEAU-cbsb5T 142:152 NEAU-cbsb5T 142:152 NEAU-cbsb5T 142:152 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, NEAU-cbsb5T, was isolated from forest soil from Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province, China. 28920837 6 45 theme OrthoANIu 924:932 arg1 analysis 934:941 ANIm, ANIb and OrthoANIu analysis 909:941 ANIm, ANIb and OrthoANIu analysis 909:941 Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between NEAU-cbsb5T and its most closely related species were 78.72-84.75 % by ANIm, ANIb and OrthoANIu analysis. 28920837 11 46 theme DNA 1509:1511 arg1 content 1517:1523 The genomic DNA G+C content 1497:1523 The genomic DNA G+C content 1497:1523 The genomic DNA G+C content was 33.0 mol%. 28920837 11 46 theme DNA 1509:1511 arg1 % 1537:1537 33.0 mol% 1529:1537 33.0 mol% 1529:1537 The genomic DNA G+C content was 33.0 mol%. 28920837 7 47 theme in 948:949 arg1 hybridization 966:978 in silico DNA-DNA hybridization 948:978 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T 944:1092 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 8 48 theme major 1165:1169 arg1 acids 1186:1190 The major cellular fatty acids 1161:1190 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T 1161:1205 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920837 8 48 theme major 1165:1169 arg1  0 1221:1222  0 1221:1222  0 1221:1222 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920837 8 48 theme major 1165:1169 arg1 iso-C15  1212:1219 iso-C15  1212:1219 iso-C15  1212:1219 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920837 12 49 dep name 1713:1716 arg1 sp 1738:1739 Bacillus solisilvae sp 1718:1739 the name Bacillus solisilvae sp 1709:1739 Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain NEAU-cbsb5T was classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solisilvae sp. 28920837 5 50 theme 16S 674:676 arg1 similarity 697:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 674:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to sequences of the type strains of other Bacillus species 674:765 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to sequences of the type strains of other Bacillus species was less than 96.0 %. 28920837 14 51 theme type 1764:1767 arg1 NEAU-cbsb5T 1779:1789 NEAU-cbsb5T 1779:1789 NEAU-cbsb5T (=CGMCC 1.14993T=DSM 100485T) 1779:1819 The type strain is NEAU-cbsb5T (=CGMCC 1.14993T=DSM 100485T). 28920837 14 51 theme type 1764:1767 arg1 strain 1769:1774 The type strain 1760:1774 The type strain 1760:1774 The type strain is NEAU-cbsb5T (=CGMCC 1.14993T=DSM 100485T). 28920837 7 52 dep in 948:949 arg1 silico 951:956 silico 951:956 silico 951:956 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 11 53 theme 33.0 mol 1529:1536 arg1 content 1517:1523 The genomic DNA G+C content 1497:1523 The genomic DNA G+C content 1497:1523 The genomic DNA G+C content was 33.0 mol%. 28920837 11 53 theme 33.0 mol 1529:1536 arg1 % 1537:1537 33.0 mol% 1529:1537 33.0 mol% 1529:1537 The genomic DNA G+C content was 33.0 mol%. 28920837 5 54 theme strains 733:739 arg1 sequences 711:719 sequences 711:719 sequences of the type strains of other Bacillus species 711:765 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to sequences of the type strains of other Bacillus species was less than 96.0 %. 28920837 6 55 theme identity 808:815 arg1 values 823:828 Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values 789:828 Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between NEAU-cbsb5T and its most closely related species 789:885 Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between NEAU-cbsb5T and its most closely related species were 78.72-84.75 % by ANIm, ANIb and OrthoANIu analysis. 28920837 4 56 dep Bacillus 631:638 arg1 luciferensis 640:651 luciferensis 640:651 luciferensis 640:651 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NEAU-cbsb5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T (99.1 % similarity) and Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T (99.0 %). 28920837 6 57 theme Average 789:795 arg1 ANI 818:820 ANI 818:820 ANI 818:820 Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between NEAU-cbsb5T and its most closely related species were 78.72-84.75 % by ANIm, ANIb and OrthoANIu analysis. 28920837 6 57 theme Average 789:795 arg1 identity 808:815 Average nucleotide identity 789:815 Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between NEAU-cbsb5T and its most closely related species 789:885 Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between NEAU-cbsb5T and its most closely related species were 78.72-84.75 % by ANIm, ANIb and OrthoANIu analysis. 28920837 2 58 theme novel 59:63 arg1 strain 134:139 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 57:139 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 57:139 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, NEAU-cbsb5T, was isolated from forest soil from Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province, China. 28920837 2 58 theme novel 59:63 arg1 NEAU-cbsb5T 142:152 NEAU-cbsb5T 142:152 NEAU-cbsb5T 142:152 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, NEAU-cbsb5T, was isolated from forest soil from Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province, China. 28920837 3 59 theme optimum 269:275 arg1 15-40 °C 259:266 15-40 °C 259:266 15-40 °C (optimum 30 °C) 259:282 The isolate grew at 15-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of up to 4 % (w/v) NaCl, although NaCl was not required for growth. 28920837 3 59 theme optimum 269:275 arg1 30 °C 277:281 optimum 30 °C 269:281 optimum 30 °C 269:281 The isolate grew at 15-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of up to 4 % (w/v) NaCl, although NaCl was not required for growth. 28920837 8 60 theme fatty 1180:1184 arg1 acids 1186:1190 The major cellular fatty acids 1161:1190 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T 1161:1205 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920837 8 60 theme fatty 1180:1184 arg1  0 1221:1222  0 1221:1222  0 1221:1222 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920837 8 60 theme fatty 1180:1184 arg1 iso-C15  1212:1219 iso-C15  1212:1219 iso-C15  1212:1219 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920837 4 61 theme 99.1  608:612 arg1 % 613:613 % 613:613 % 613:613 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NEAU-cbsb5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T (99.1 % similarity) and Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T (99.0 %). 28920837 5 62 theme other 744:748 arg1 species 759:765 other Bacillus species 744:765 other Bacillus species 744:765 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to sequences of the type strains of other Bacillus species was less than 96.0 %. 28920837 2 63 dep Gram-stain-positive 65:83 arg1 rod-shaped 113:122 rod-shaped 113:122 rod-shaped 113:122 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, NEAU-cbsb5T, was isolated from forest soil from Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province, China. 28920837 2 63 dep Gram-stain-positive 65:83 arg1 endospore-forming 94:110 endospore-forming 94:110 endospore-forming 94:110 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, NEAU-cbsb5T, was isolated from forest soil from Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province, China. 28920837 2 63 dep Gram-stain-positive 65:83 arg1 motile 86:91 motile 86:91 motile 86:91 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, NEAU-cbsb5T, was isolated from forest soil from Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province, China. 28920837 5 64 theme species 759:765 arg1 strains 733:739 the type strains 724:739 the type strains of other Bacillus species 724:765 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to sequences of the type strains of other Bacillus species was less than 96.0 %. 28920837 4 65 theme Phylogenetic 404:415 arg1 analysis 417:424 Phylogenetic analysis 404:424 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 404:457 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NEAU-cbsb5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T (99.1 % similarity) and Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T (99.0 %). 28920837 7 66 theme DSM 1052:1054 arg1 18954T 1056:1061 B. acidiceler DSM 18954T 1038:1061 B. acidiceler DSM 18954T 1038:1061 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 7 66 theme DSM 1052:1054 arg1 relatives 1028:1036 its close relatives 1018:1036 its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T 1018:1092 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 1 67 theme forest 44:49 arg1 soil 51:54 forest soil 44:54 forest soil 44:54 nov., isolated from forest soil. 28920837 7 68 dep relatives 1028:1036 arg1 12212T 1087:1092 B. luciferensis JCM 12212T 1067:1092 B. luciferensis JCM 12212T 1067:1092 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 7 68 dep relatives 1028:1036 arg1 18954T 1056:1061 B. acidiceler DSM 18954T 1038:1061 B. acidiceler DSM 18954T 1038:1061 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 7 68 dep relatives 1028:1036 arg1 relatives 1028:1036 its close relatives 1018:1036 its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T 1018:1092 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 8 69 theme cellular 1171:1178 arg1 acids 1186:1190 The major cellular fatty acids 1161:1190 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T 1161:1205 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920837 8 69 theme cellular 1171:1178 arg1  0 1221:1222  0 1221:1222  0 1221:1222 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920837 8 69 theme cellular 1171:1178 arg1 iso-C15  1212:1219 iso-C15  1212:1219 iso-C15  1212:1219 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920837 7 70 theme B. 1038:1039 arg1 18954T 1056:1061 B. acidiceler DSM 18954T 1038:1061 B. acidiceler DSM 18954T 1038:1061 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 7 70 theme B. 1038:1039 arg1 relatives 1028:1036 its close relatives 1018:1036 its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T 1018:1092 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 4 71 dep Bacillus 576:583 arg1 acidiceler 585:594 acidiceler 585:594 acidiceler 585:594 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NEAU-cbsb5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T (99.1 % similarity) and Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T (99.0 %). 28920837 3 72 theme optimum 300:306 arg1 pH 288:289 pH 6.0-8.0 288:297 pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) 288:314 The isolate grew at 15-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of up to 4 % (w/v) NaCl, although NaCl was not required for growth. 28920837 3 72 theme optimum 300:306 arg1 pH 308:309 optimum pH 7.0 300:313 optimum pH 7.0 300:313 The isolate grew at 15-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of up to 4 % (w/v) NaCl, although NaCl was not required for growth. 28920837 0 73 theme solisilvae 9:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Bacillus solisilvae sp 0:21 Bacillus solisilvae sp. 0:22 Bacillus solisilvae sp. 28920837 4 74 theme gene 444:447 arg1 sequences 449:457 16S rRNA gene sequences 435:457 16S rRNA gene sequences 435:457 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NEAU-cbsb5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T (99.1 % similarity) and Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T (99.0 %). 28920837 8 75 theme NEAU-cbsb5T 1195:1205 arg1 acids 1186:1190 The major cellular fatty acids 1161:1190 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T 1161:1205 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920837 8 75 theme NEAU-cbsb5T 1195:1205 arg1  0 1221:1222  0 1221:1222  0 1221:1222 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920837 8 75 theme NEAU-cbsb5T 1195:1205 arg1 iso-C15  1212:1219 iso-C15  1212:1219 iso-C15  1212:1219 The major cellular fatty acids of NEAU-cbsb5T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. 28920837 3 76 theme % 347:347 arg1 NaCl 355:358 up to 4 % (w/v) NaCl 339:358 up to 4 % (w/v) NaCl 339:358 The isolate grew at 15-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of up to 4 % (w/v) NaCl, although NaCl was not required for growth. 28920837 5 77 theme gene 683:686 arg1 similarity 697:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 674:706 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to sequences of the type strains of other Bacillus species 674:765 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to sequences of the type strains of other Bacillus species was less than 96.0 %. 28920837 2 78 attach isolated 159:166 arg2 NEAU-cbsb5T 142:152 NEAU-cbsb5T 142:152 NEAU-cbsb5T 142:152 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, NEAU-cbsb5T, was isolated from forest soil from Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province, China. 28920837 2 78 attach isolated 159:166 arg1 soil 180:183 forest soil 173:183 forest soil 173:183 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, NEAU-cbsb5T, was isolated from forest soil from Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province, China. 28920837 2 78 attach isolated 159:166 arg2 strain 134:139 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 57:139 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 57:139 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, NEAU-cbsb5T, was isolated from forest soil from Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province, China. 28920837 2 78 attach isolated 159:166 arg1 Province 222:229 Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province 190:229 Province 222:229 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, NEAU-cbsb5T, was isolated from forest soil from Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province, China. 28920837 2 78 attach isolated 159:166 arg1 China 232:236 China 232:236 China 232:236 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, NEAU-cbsb5T, was isolated from forest soil from Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province, China. 28920837 7 79 dep B. 1067:1068 arg1 luciferensis 1070:1081 luciferensis 1070:1081 luciferensis 1070:1081 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 7 80 theme strain 995:1000 arg1 NEAU-cbsb5T 1002:1012 strain NEAU-cbsb5T 995:1012 strain NEAU-cbsb5T 995:1012 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 12 81 theme solisilvae 1727:1736 arg1 sp 1738:1739 Bacillus solisilvae sp 1718:1739 the name Bacillus solisilvae sp 1709:1739 Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain NEAU-cbsb5T was classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solisilvae sp. 28920837 3 82 dep 4  345:346 arg1 to 342:343 to 342:343 to 342:343 The isolate grew at 15-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of up to 4 % (w/v) NaCl, although NaCl was not required for growth. 28920837 3 83 theme NaCl 355:358 arg1 presence 327:334 the presence 323:334 the presence of up to 4 % (w/v) NaCl 323:358 The isolate grew at 15-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of up to 4 % (w/v) NaCl, although NaCl was not required for growth. 28920837 14 84 theme 1.14993T=DSM 1799:1810 arg1 NEAU-cbsb5T 1779:1789 NEAU-cbsb5T 1779:1789 NEAU-cbsb5T (=CGMCC 1.14993T=DSM 100485T) 1779:1819 The type strain is NEAU-cbsb5T (=CGMCC 1.14993T=DSM 100485T). 28920837 14 84 theme 1.14993T=DSM 1799:1810 arg1 100485T 1812:1818 =CGMCC 1.14993T=DSM 100485T 1792:1818 =CGMCC 1.14993T=DSM 100485T 1792:1818 The type strain is NEAU-cbsb5T (=CGMCC 1.14993T=DSM 100485T). 28920837 12 85 theme species 1668:1674 arg1 representative 1642:1655 a representative 1640:1655 a representative of a novel species in the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solisilvae sp 1640:1739 Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain NEAU-cbsb5T was classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solisilvae sp. 28920837 12 85 theme species 1668:1674 arg1 NEAU-cbsb5T 1610:1620 strain NEAU-cbsb5T 1603:1620 strain NEAU-cbsb5T 1603:1620 Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain NEAU-cbsb5T was classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solisilvae sp. 28920837 4 86 theme 16S 435:437 arg1 sequences 449:457 16S rRNA gene sequences 435:457 16S rRNA gene sequences 435:457 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NEAU-cbsb5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T (99.1 % similarity) and Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T (99.0 %). 28920837 2 87 theme Changbai 190:197 arg1 China 232:236 China 232:236 China 232:236 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, NEAU-cbsb5T, was isolated from forest soil from Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province, China. 28920837 2 87 theme Changbai 190:197 arg1 Province 222:229 Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province 190:229 Province 222:229 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, NEAU-cbsb5T, was isolated from forest soil from Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang Province, China. 28920837 4 88 theme distinct 501:508 arg1 lineage 510:516 a distinct lineage 499:516 a distinct lineage 499:516 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NEAU-cbsb5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus acidiceler DSM 18954T (99.1 % similarity) and Bacillus luciferensis JCM 12212T (99.0 %). 28920837 11 89 theme G+C 1513:1515 arg1 content 1517:1523 The genomic DNA G+C content 1497:1523 The genomic DNA G+C content 1497:1523 The genomic DNA G+C content was 33.0 mol%. 28920837 11 89 theme G+C 1513:1515 arg1 % 1537:1537 33.0 mol% 1529:1537 33.0 mol% 1529:1537 The genomic DNA G+C content was 33.0 mol%. 28920837 7 90 theme close 1022:1026 arg1 12212T 1087:1092 B. luciferensis JCM 12212T 1067:1092 B. luciferensis JCM 12212T 1067:1092 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 7 90 theme close 1022:1026 arg1 18954T 1056:1061 B. acidiceler DSM 18954T 1038:1061 B. acidiceler DSM 18954T 1038:1061 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 28920837 7 90 theme close 1022:1026 arg1 relatives 1028:1036 its close relatives 1018:1036 its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T 1018:1092 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain NEAU-cbsb5T and its close relatives B. acidiceler DSM 18954T and B. luciferensis JCM 12212T were both 23.80 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 26978771 2 0 theme mixed 229:233 arg1 water 235:239 mixed water 229:239 mixed water 229:239 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium, designated BZ-SZ-XJ18T, was isolated from the mixed water and sediment of a saline-alkaline lake located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. 26978771 2 1 theme haloalkaliphilic 155:170 arg1 bacterium 172:180 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium 97:180 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium 97:180 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium, designated BZ-SZ-XJ18T, was isolated from the mixed water and sediment of a saline-alkaline lake located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. 26978771 12 2 theme =DSM 1817:1820 arg1 BZ-SZ-XJ18T 1804:1814 BZ-SZ-XJ18T 1804:1814 BZ-SZ-XJ18T (=DSM 29145T=JCM 30195T) 1804:1839 The type strain is BZ-SZ-XJ18T (=DSM 29145T=JCM 30195T). 26978771 12 2 theme =DSM 1817:1820 arg1 30195T 1833:1838 =DSM 29145T=JCM 30195T 1817:1838 =DSM 29145T=JCM 30195T 1817:1838 The type strain is BZ-SZ-XJ18T (=DSM 29145T=JCM 30195T). 26978771 2 3 theme lake 275:278 arg1 water 235:239 mixed water 229:239 mixed water 229:239 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium, designated BZ-SZ-XJ18T, was isolated from the mixed water and sediment of a saline-alkaline lake located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. 26978771 2 3 theme lake 275:278 arg1 sediment 245:252 sediment 245:252 sediment 245:252 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium, designated BZ-SZ-XJ18T, was isolated from the mixed water and sediment of a saline-alkaline lake located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. 26978771 6 4 theme 1.08 M 1027:1032 arg1 NaCl 1065:1068 NaCl 1065:1068 NaCl 1065:1068 The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). 26978771 6 4 theme 1.08 M 1027:1032 arg1 % 1057:1057 equivalent to 6.3 % 1039:1057 equivalent to 6.3 % 1039:1057 The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). 26978771 6 4 theme 1.08 M 1027:1032 arg1 Na+ 1034:1036 optimum 1.08 M Na+ 1019:1036 optimum 1.08 M Na+ 1019:1036 The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). 26978771 1 5 attach isolated 70:77 arg2 bacterium 60:68 a moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium 30:68 a moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake 30:94 nov., a moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake. 26978771 1 5 attach isolated 70:77 arg1 lake 91:94 a salt lake 84:94 a salt lake 84:94 nov., a moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake. 26978771 2 6 theme Autonomous 311:320 arg1 Region 322:327 the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 291:327 the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China 291:336 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium, designated BZ-SZ-XJ18T, was isolated from the mixed water and sediment of a saline-alkaline lake located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. 26978771 9 7 theme peptidoglycan 1429:1441 arg1 acid 1533:1536 the diagnostic diamino acid 1510:1536 the diagnostic diamino acid 1510:1536 The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26978771 9 7 theme peptidoglycan 1429:1441 arg1 type 1443:1446 the peptidoglycan type 1425:1446 the peptidoglycan type of the cell wall 1425:1463 The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26978771 11 8 dep features 1667:1674 arg1 the 1610:1612 the 1610:1612 the 1610:1612 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features, strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T is proposed to represent a novel species, Bacillusurumqiensis within the genus Bacillus. 26978771 11 8 dep features 1667:1674 arg1 basis 1614:1618 basis 1614:1618 basis 1614:1618 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features, strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T is proposed to represent a novel species, Bacillusurumqiensis within the genus Bacillus. 26978771 9 9 theme cell 1455:1458 arg1 wall 1460:1463 the cell wall 1451:1463 the cell wall 1451:1463 The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26978771 6 10 theme optimum 1124:1130 arg1 8-41 ºC 1115:1121 8-41 ºC 1115:1121 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC) 1115:1137 The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). 26978771 6 10 theme optimum 1124:1130 arg1 37 ºC 1132:1136 optimum 37 ºC 1124:1136 optimum 37 ºC 1124:1136 The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). 26978771 4 11 dep Bacillus 680:687 arg1 chagannorensis 689:702 chagannorensis 689:702 chagannorensis 689:702 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 2 12 from located 280:286 arg1 Region 322:327 the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 291:327 the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China 291:336 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium, designated BZ-SZ-XJ18T, was isolated from the mixed water and sediment of a saline-alkaline lake located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. 26978771 1 13 dep bacterium 60:68 arg1 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov. 24:27 nov., a moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake. 26978771 11 14 theme strain 1677:1682 arg1 BZ-SZ-XJ18T 1684:1694 strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T 1677:1694 strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T 1677:1694 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features, strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T is proposed to represent a novel species, Bacillusurumqiensis within the genus Bacillus. 26978771 5 15 theme species 851:857 arg1 relatedness 766:776 DNA-DNA relatedness 758:776 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T and the reference type strains of the related species of the genus Bacillus 758:879 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T and the reference type strains of the related species of the genus Bacillus was lower than 27 %. 26978771 7 16 theme cellular 1150:1157 arg1 acids 1165:1169 The major cellular fatty acids 1140:1169 The major cellular fatty acids 1140:1169 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (43.0 %), C16:0 (18.1 %), iso-C15:0 (11.3 %), anteiso-C17:0 (8.0 %) and iso-C16:0 (7.0 %). 26978771 7 16 theme cellular 1150:1157 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1176:1188 anteiso-C15:0 1176:1188 anteiso-C15:0 1176:1188 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (43.0 %), C16:0 (18.1 %), iso-C15:0 (11.3 %), anteiso-C17:0 (8.0 %) and iso-C16:0 (7.0 %). 26978771 10 17 theme DNA 1551:1553 arg1 content 1559:1565 The genomic DNA G+C content 1539:1565 The genomic DNA G+C content 1539:1565 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol% (HPLC) or 41.4 mol% (Tm). 26978771 10 17 theme DNA 1551:1553 arg1 % 1579:1579 42.3 mol% 1571:1579 42.3 mol% (HPLC) 1571:1586 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol% (HPLC) or 41.4 mol% (Tm). 26978771 5 18 theme reference 813:821 arg1 strains 828:834 the reference type strains 809:834 the reference type strains 809:834 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T and the reference type strains of the related species of the genus Bacillus was lower than 27 %. 26978771 9 19 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1482:1500 arg1 acid 1502:1505 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1482:1505 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1482:1505 The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26978771 4 20 theme Bacillus 504:511 arg1 relatives 489:497 The closest phylogenetic relatives 464:497 The closest phylogenetic relatives 464:497 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 4 20 theme Bacillus 504:511 arg1 similarity 560:569 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 530:569 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 530:569 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 4 20 theme Bacillus 504:511 arg1 6AGT 524:527 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 504:527 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 504:570 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 2 21 from Region 322:327 arg1 located 280:286 located 280:286 located 280:286 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium, designated BZ-SZ-XJ18T, was isolated from the mixed water and sediment of a saline-alkaline lake located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. 26978771 6 22 dep Na+ 976:978 arg1 NaCl 1065:1068 NaCl 1065:1068 NaCl 1065:1068 The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). 26978771 6 22 dep Na+ 976:978 arg1 % 1057:1057 equivalent to 6.3 % 1039:1057 equivalent to 6.3 % 1039:1057 The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). 26978771 6 22 dep Na+ 976:978 arg1 Na+ 1034:1036 optimum 1.08 M Na+ 1019:1036 optimum 1.08 M Na+ 1019:1036 The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). 26978771 4 23 dep Bacillus 644:651 arg1 daliensis 653:661 daliensis 653:661 daliensis 653:661 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 9 24 theme diagnostic 1514:1523 arg1 acid 1533:1536 the diagnostic diamino acid 1510:1536 the diagnostic diamino acid 1510:1536 The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26978771 9 24 theme diagnostic 1514:1523 arg1 type 1443:1446 the peptidoglycan type 1425:1446 the peptidoglycan type of the cell wall 1425:1463 The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26978771 4 25 theme closest 468:474 arg1 relatives 489:497 The closest phylogenetic relatives 464:497 The closest phylogenetic relatives 464:497 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 4 25 theme closest 468:474 arg1 6AGT 524:527 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 504:527 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 504:570 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 6 26 theme Na+ 976:978 arg1 presence 952:959 the presence 948:959 the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl) 948:1069 The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). 26978771 0 27 theme Bacillusurumqiensis 0:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Bacillusurumqiensis sp 0:21 Bacillusurumqiensis sp. 0:22 Bacillusurumqiensis sp. 26978771 3 28 theme rRNA 374:377 arg1 sequences 384:392 16S rRNA gene sequences 370:392 16S rRNA gene sequences 370:392 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T was a member of the genus Bacillus. 26978771 4 29 theme gene 546:549 arg1 6AGT 524:527 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 504:527 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 504:570 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 4 29 theme gene 546:549 arg1 similarity 560:569 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 530:569 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 530:569 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 5 30 theme Bacillus 872:879 arg1 species 851:857 the related species 839:857 the related species of the genus Bacillus 839:879 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T and the reference type strains of the related species of the genus Bacillus was lower than 27 %. 26978771 4 31 dep Bacillus 611:618 arg1 luteus 620:625 luteus 620:625 luteus 620:625 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 8 32 theme polar 1291:1295 arg1 lipids 1297:1302 The major polar lipids 1281:1302 The major polar lipids 1281:1302 The major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 26978771 10 33 theme 42.3 mol 1571:1578 arg1 HPLC 1582:1585 HPLC 1582:1585 HPLC 1582:1585 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol% (HPLC) or 41.4 mol% (Tm). 26978771 10 33 theme 42.3 mol 1571:1578 arg1 content 1559:1565 The genomic DNA G+C content 1539:1565 The genomic DNA G+C content 1539:1565 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol% (HPLC) or 41.4 mol% (Tm). 26978771 10 33 theme 42.3 mol 1571:1578 arg1 % 1579:1579 42.3 mol% 1571:1579 42.3 mol% (HPLC) 1571:1586 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol% (HPLC) or 41.4 mol% (Tm). 26978771 6 34 dep % 1004:1004 arg1 1.3-25.3  995:1003 1.3-25.3  995:1003 1.3-25.3  995:1003 The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). 26978771 4 35 theme 16S 537:539 arg1 6AGT 524:527 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 504:527 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 504:570 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 4 35 theme 16S 537:539 arg1 similarity 560:569 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 530:569 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 530:569 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 10 36 theme 41.4 mol 1591:1598 arg1 Tm 1602:1603 Tm 1602:1603 Tm 1602:1603 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol% (HPLC) or 41.4 mol% (Tm). 26978771 10 36 theme 41.4 mol 1591:1598 arg1 % 1599:1599 41.4 mol% 1591:1599 41.4 mol% (Tm) 1591:1604 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol% (HPLC) or 41.4 mol% (Tm). 26978771 2 37 theme China 332:336 arg1 Region 322:327 the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 291:327 the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China 291:336 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium, designated BZ-SZ-XJ18T, was isolated from the mixed water and sediment of a saline-alkaline lake located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. 26978771 9 38 theme main 1370:1373 arg1 menaquinone-7 1399:1411 menaquinone-7 1399:1411 menaquinone-7 1399:1411 The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26978771 9 38 theme main 1370:1373 arg1 quinone 1387:1393 The main respiratory quinone 1366:1393 The main respiratory quinone 1366:1393 The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26978771 6 39 dep NaCl 1012:1015 arg1 w/v 1007:1009 equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl 981:1015 w/v 1007:1009 The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). 26978771 6 39 dep NaCl 1012:1015 arg1 % 1004:1004 % 1004:1004 % 1004:1004 The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). 26978771 1 40 theme haloalkaliphilic 43:58 arg1 bacterium 60:68 a moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium 30:68 a moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake 30:94 nov., a moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake. 26978771 2 41 theme rod-shaped 120:129 arg1 bacterium 172:180 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium 97:180 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium 97:180 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium, designated BZ-SZ-XJ18T, was isolated from the mixed water and sediment of a saline-alkaline lake located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. 26978771 11 42 dep genus 1769:1773 arg1 Bacillus 1775:1782 the genus Bacillus 1765:1782 the genus Bacillus 1765:1782 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features, strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T is proposed to represent a novel species, Bacillusurumqiensis within the genus Bacillus. 26978771 2 43 theme Gram-stain-positive 99:117 arg1 bacterium 172:180 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium 97:180 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium 97:180 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium, designated BZ-SZ-XJ18T, was isolated from the mixed water and sediment of a saline-alkaline lake located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. 26978771 4 44 theme Bacillusdaqingensis 574:592 arg1 X10-1 595:599 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 573:599 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %) 573:608 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 4 44 theme Bacillusdaqingensis 574:592 arg1 % 607:607 96.6 % 602:607 96.6 % 602:607 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 6 45 theme optimum 1088:1094 arg1 pH 6.5-10.0 1075:1085 pH 6.5-10.0 1075:1085 pH 6.5-10.0 1075:1085 The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). 26978771 6 45 theme optimum 1088:1094 arg1 pH 8.5-9.5 1096:1105 optimum pH 8.5-9.5 1088:1105 optimum pH 8.5-9.5 1088:1105 The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). 26978771 2 46 theme located 280:286 arg1 lake 275:278 a saline-alkaline lake 257:278 a saline-alkaline lake located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China 257:336 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium, designated BZ-SZ-XJ18T, was isolated from the mixed water and sediment of a saline-alkaline lake located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. 26978771 2 47 theme aerobic 132:138 arg1 bacterium 172:180 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium 97:180 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium 97:180 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium, designated BZ-SZ-XJ18T, was isolated from the mixed water and sediment of a saline-alkaline lake located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. 26978771 11 48 theme novel 1723:1727 arg1 Bacillusurumqiensis 1738:1756 Bacillusurumqiensis 1738:1756 Bacillusurumqiensis 1738:1756 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features, strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T is proposed to represent a novel species, Bacillusurumqiensis within the genus Bacillus. 26978771 11 48 theme novel 1723:1727 arg1 species 1729:1735 a novel species 1721:1735 a novel species 1721:1735 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features, strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T is proposed to represent a novel species, Bacillusurumqiensis within the genus Bacillus. 26978771 6 49 theme optimum 1019:1025 arg1 NaCl 1065:1068 NaCl 1065:1068 NaCl 1065:1068 The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). 26978771 6 49 theme optimum 1019:1025 arg1 % 1057:1057 equivalent to 6.3 % 1039:1057 equivalent to 6.3 % 1039:1057 The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). 26978771 6 49 theme optimum 1019:1025 arg1 Na+ 1034:1036 optimum 1.08 M Na+ 1019:1036 optimum 1.08 M Na+ 1019:1036 The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). 26978771 12 50 theme 29145T=JCM 1822:1831 arg1 BZ-SZ-XJ18T 1804:1814 BZ-SZ-XJ18T 1804:1814 BZ-SZ-XJ18T (=DSM 29145T=JCM 30195T) 1804:1839 The type strain is BZ-SZ-XJ18T (=DSM 29145T=JCM 30195T). 26978771 12 50 theme 29145T=JCM 1822:1831 arg1 30195T 1833:1838 =DSM 29145T=JCM 30195T 1817:1838 =DSM 29145T=JCM 30195T 1817:1838 The type strain is BZ-SZ-XJ18T (=DSM 29145T=JCM 30195T). 26978771 2 51 theme Uyghur 304:309 arg1 Region 322:327 the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 291:327 the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China 291:336 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium, designated BZ-SZ-XJ18T, was isolated from the mixed water and sediment of a saline-alkaline lake located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. 26978771 12 52 theme type 1789:1792 arg1 BZ-SZ-XJ18T 1804:1814 BZ-SZ-XJ18T 1804:1814 BZ-SZ-XJ18T (=DSM 29145T=JCM 30195T) 1804:1839 The type strain is BZ-SZ-XJ18T (=DSM 29145T=JCM 30195T). 26978771 12 52 theme type 1789:1792 arg1 strain 1794:1799 The type strain 1785:1799 The type strain 1785:1799 The type strain is BZ-SZ-XJ18T (=DSM 29145T=JCM 30195T). 26978771 10 53 theme genomic 1543:1549 arg1 content 1559:1565 The genomic DNA G+C content 1539:1565 The genomic DNA G+C content 1539:1565 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol% (HPLC) or 41.4 mol% (Tm). 26978771 10 53 theme genomic 1543:1549 arg1 % 1579:1579 42.3 mol% 1571:1579 42.3 mol% (HPLC) 1571:1586 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol% (HPLC) or 41.4 mol% (Tm). 26978771 5 54 theme DNA-DNA 758:764 arg1 relatedness 766:776 DNA-DNA relatedness 758:776 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T and the reference type strains of the related species of the genus Bacillus 758:879 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T and the reference type strains of the related species of the genus Bacillus was lower than 27 %. 26978771 4 55 theme Bacillus 611:618 arg1 JC167T 627:632 Bacillus luteus JC167T 611:632 Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %) 611:641 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 4 55 theme Bacillus 611:618 arg1 % 640:640 96.5 % 635:640 96.5 % 635:640 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 11 56 theme phenotypic 1623:1632 arg1 features 1667:1674 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features 1623:1674 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features 1623:1674 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features, strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T is proposed to represent a novel species, Bacillusurumqiensis within the genus Bacillus. 26978771 9 57 theme wall 1460:1463 arg1 acid 1533:1536 the diagnostic diamino acid 1510:1536 the diagnostic diamino acid 1510:1536 The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26978771 9 57 theme wall 1460:1463 arg1 type 1443:1446 the peptidoglycan type 1425:1446 the peptidoglycan type of the cell wall 1425:1463 The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26978771 6 58 dep 6.3  1053:1056 arg1 to 1050:1051 to 1050:1051 to 1050:1051 The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). 26978771 2 59 theme saline-alkaline 259:273 arg1 lake 275:278 a saline-alkaline lake 257:278 a saline-alkaline lake located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China 257:336 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium, designated BZ-SZ-XJ18T, was isolated from the mixed water and sediment of a saline-alkaline lake located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. 26978771 5 60 theme related 843:849 arg1 species 851:857 the related species 839:857 the related species of the genus Bacillus 839:879 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T and the reference type strains of the related species of the genus Bacillus was lower than 27 %. 26978771 11 61 theme phylogenetic 1654:1665 arg1 features 1667:1674 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features 1623:1674 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features 1623:1674 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features, strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T is proposed to represent a novel species, Bacillusurumqiensis within the genus Bacillus. 26978771 6 62 theme yellow 921:926 arg1 pigment 928:934 yellow pigment 921:934 yellow pigment 921:934 The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). 26978771 3 63 theme Phylogenetic 339:350 arg1 analysis 352:359 Phylogenetic analysis 339:359 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 339:392 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T was a member of the genus Bacillus. 26978771 7 64 theme fatty 1159:1163 arg1 acids 1165:1169 The major cellular fatty acids 1140:1169 The major cellular fatty acids 1140:1169 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (43.0 %), C16:0 (18.1 %), iso-C15:0 (11.3 %), anteiso-C17:0 (8.0 %) and iso-C16:0 (7.0 %). 26978771 7 64 theme fatty 1159:1163 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1176:1188 anteiso-C15:0 1176:1188 anteiso-C15:0 1176:1188 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (43.0 %), C16:0 (18.1 %), iso-C15:0 (11.3 %), anteiso-C17:0 (8.0 %) and iso-C16:0 (7.0 %). 26978771 5 65 theme type 823:826 arg1 strains 828:834 the reference type strains 809:834 the reference type strains 809:834 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T and the reference type strains of the related species of the genus Bacillus was lower than 27 %. 26978771 4 66 theme Bacillus 644:651 arg1 DLS13T 663:668 Bacillus daliensis DLS13T 644:668 Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %) 644:677 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 4 66 theme Bacillus 644:651 arg1 % 676:676 96.2 % 671:676 96.2 % 671:676 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 3 67 theme 16S 370:372 arg1 sequences 384:392 16S rRNA gene sequences 370:392 16S rRNA gene sequences 370:392 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T was a member of the genus Bacillus. 26978771 4 68 theme phylogenetic 476:487 arg1 relatives 489:497 The closest phylogenetic relatives 464:497 The closest phylogenetic relatives 464:497 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 4 68 theme phylogenetic 476:487 arg1 6AGT 524:527 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 504:527 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 504:570 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 10 69 theme G+C 1555:1557 arg1 content 1559:1565 The genomic DNA G+C content 1539:1565 The genomic DNA G+C content 1539:1565 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol% (HPLC) or 41.4 mol% (Tm). 26978771 10 69 theme G+C 1555:1557 arg1 % 1579:1579 42.3 mol% 1571:1579 42.3 mol% (HPLC) 1571:1586 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol% (HPLC) or 41.4 mol% (Tm). 26978771 2 70 attach isolated 211:218 arg1 water 235:239 mixed water 229:239 mixed water 229:239 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium, designated BZ-SZ-XJ18T, was isolated from the mixed water and sediment of a saline-alkaline lake located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. 26978771 2 70 attach isolated 211:218 arg2 bacterium 172:180 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium 97:180 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium 97:180 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium, designated BZ-SZ-XJ18T, was isolated from the mixed water and sediment of a saline-alkaline lake located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. 26978771 2 70 attach isolated 211:218 arg1 sediment 245:252 sediment 245:252 sediment 245:252 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium, designated BZ-SZ-XJ18T, was isolated from the mixed water and sediment of a saline-alkaline lake located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. 26978771 9 71 theme diamino 1525:1531 arg1 acid 1533:1536 the diagnostic diamino acid 1510:1536 the diagnostic diamino acid 1510:1536 The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26978771 9 71 theme diamino 1525:1531 arg1 type 1443:1446 the peptidoglycan type 1425:1446 the peptidoglycan type of the cell wall 1425:1463 The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26978771 1 72 theme salt 86:89 arg1 lake 91:94 a salt lake 84:94 a salt lake 84:94 nov., a moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake. 26978771 6 73 theme 0.22-4.32 M 964:974 arg1 Na+ 976:978 0.22-4.32 M Na+ 964:978 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl) 964:1069 The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). 26978771 6 73 theme 0.22-4.32 M 964:974 arg1 NaCl 1012:1015 equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl 981:1015 NaCl 1012:1015 The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). 26978771 4 74 theme sequence 551:558 arg1 6AGT 524:527 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 504:527 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 504:570 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 4 74 theme sequence 551:558 arg1 similarity 560:569 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 530:569 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 530:569 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 4 75 theme polygoni 733:740 arg1 YN-1T 742:746 Bacillus polygoni YN-1T 724:746 Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %) 724:755 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 4 75 theme polygoni 733:740 arg1 % 754:754 95.0 % 749:754 95.0 % 749:754 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 11 76 theme chemotaxonomic 1635:1648 arg1 features 1667:1674 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features 1623:1674 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features 1623:1674 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features, strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T is proposed to represent a novel species, Bacillusurumqiensis within the genus Bacillus. 26978771 3 77 theme gene 379:382 arg1 sequences 384:392 16S rRNA gene sequences 370:392 16S rRNA gene sequences 370:392 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T was a member of the genus Bacillus. 26978771 8 78 theme major 1285:1289 arg1 lipids 1297:1302 The major polar lipids 1281:1302 The major polar lipids 1281:1302 The major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 26978771 4 79 theme Bacillus 680:687 arg1 CG-15T 704:709 Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T 680:709 Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) 680:718 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 4 79 theme Bacillus 680:687 arg1 % 717:717 95.2 % 712:717 95.2 % 712:717 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 4 80 theme % 535:535 arg1 6AGT 524:527 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 504:527 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 504:570 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 4 80 theme % 535:535 arg1 similarity 560:569 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 530:569 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 530:569 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 3 81 theme Bacillus 454:461 arg1 BZ-SZ-XJ18T 416:426 strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T 409:426 strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T 409:426 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T was a member of the genus Bacillus. 26978771 3 81 theme Bacillus 454:461 arg1 member 434:439 a member 432:439 a member of the genus Bacillus 432:461 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T was a member of the genus Bacillus. 26978771 3 82 theme strain 409:414 arg1 BZ-SZ-XJ18T 416:426 strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T 409:426 strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T 409:426 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T was a member of the genus Bacillus. 26978771 3 82 theme strain 409:414 arg1 member 434:439 a member 432:439 a member of the genus Bacillus 432:461 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T was a member of the genus Bacillus. 26978771 4 83 theme rRNA 541:544 arg1 6AGT 524:527 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT 504:527 Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 504:570 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 4 83 theme rRNA 541:544 arg1 similarity 560:569 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 530:569 96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 530:569 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 6 84 dep 1.3-25.3  995:1003 arg1 to 992:993 to 992:993 to 992:993 The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22-4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3-25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum pH 8.5-9.5) and at 8-41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). 26978771 4 85 dep Bacillus 504:511 arg1 saliphilus 513:522 saliphilus 513:522 saliphilus 513:522 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 2 86 dep water 235:239 arg1 the 225:227 the 225:227 the 225:227 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium, designated BZ-SZ-XJ18T, was isolated from the mixed water and sediment of a saline-alkaline lake located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. 26978771 9 87 theme respiratory 1375:1385 arg1 menaquinone-7 1399:1411 menaquinone-7 1399:1411 menaquinone-7 1399:1411 The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26978771 9 87 theme respiratory 1375:1385 arg1 quinone 1387:1393 The main respiratory quinone 1366:1393 The main respiratory quinone 1366:1393 The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 26978771 7 88 theme major 1144:1148 arg1 acids 1165:1169 The major cellular fatty acids 1140:1169 The major cellular fatty acids 1140:1169 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (43.0 %), C16:0 (18.1 %), iso-C15:0 (11.3 %), anteiso-C17:0 (8.0 %) and iso-C16:0 (7.0 %). 26978771 7 88 theme major 1144:1148 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1176:1188 anteiso-C15:0 1176:1188 anteiso-C15:0 1176:1188 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (43.0 %), C16:0 (18.1 %), iso-C15:0 (11.3 %), anteiso-C17:0 (8.0 %) and iso-C16:0 (7.0 %). 26978771 4 89 theme Bacillus 724:731 arg1 YN-1T 742:746 Bacillus polygoni YN-1T 724:746 Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %) 724:755 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 26978771 4 89 theme Bacillus 724:731 arg1 % 754:754 95.0 % 749:754 95.0 % 749:754 The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), 'Bacillusdaqingensis' X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). 25713049 8 0 theme gene 986:989 arg1 sequences 991:999 16S rRNA gene sequences 977:999 16S rRNA gene sequences 977:999 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 9 1 theme phylogenetic 1338:1349 arg1 analysis 1351:1358 the phylogenetic analysis 1334:1358 the phylogenetic analysis 1334:1358 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 2 2 theme Gram-stain-positive 93:111 arg1 rod 197:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod 85:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod 85:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. 25713049 8 3 theme strain 1016:1021 arg1 T 1034:1034 T 1034:1034 T 1034:1034 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 8 3 theme strain 1016:1021 arg1 100118 1027:1032 strain JSM 100118 1016:1032 strain JSM 100118(T) 1016:1035 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 5 4 theme fatty 678:682 arg1 0 709:709 0 709:709 0 709:709 The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω11c. 25713049 5 4 theme fatty 678:682 arg1 acids 684:688 the major cellular fatty acids 659:688 the major cellular fatty acids 659:688 The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω11c. 25713049 2 5 attach isolated 239:246 arg2 rod 197:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod 85:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod 85:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. 25713049 2 5 attach isolated 239:246 arg1 oyster 256:261 an oyster 253:261 an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea 253:360 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. 25713049 2 5 attach isolated 239:246 arg1 hongkongensis 276:288 Crassostrea hongkongensis 264:288 Crassostrea hongkongensis 264:288 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. 25713049 2 6 from flat 316:319 arg1 Sea 358:360 the South China Sea 342:360 the South China Sea 342:360 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. 25713049 11 7 theme  =JCM 1669:1673 arg1 T 1681:1681 T 1681:1681 T 1681:1681 The type strain is JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)). 25713049 11 7 theme  =JCM 1669:1673 arg1 17523 1675:1679  = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523 1634:1679  = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T) 1634:1682 The type strain is JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)). 25713049 2 8 theme strain 213:218 arg1 100118 224:229 strain JSM 100118 213:229 strain JSM 100118(T) 213:232 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. 25713049 2 8 theme strain 213:218 arg1 T 231:231 T 231:231 T 231:231 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. 25713049 8 9 theme gene 1147:1150 arg1 SW-211 1121:1126 Bacillus litoralis SW-211 1102:1126 Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1102:1171 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 8 9 theme gene 1147:1150 arg1 similarity 1161:1170 98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1132:1170 98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1132:1170 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 11 10 theme T 1667:1667 arg1 T 1681:1681 T 1681:1681 T 1681:1681 The type strain is JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)). 25713049 11 10 theme T 1667:1667 arg1 17523 1675:1679  = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523 1634:1679  = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T) 1634:1682 The type strain is JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)). 25713049 7 11 theme DNA 915:917 arg1 % 943:943 35.9 mol% 935:943 35.9 mol% 935:943 The genomic DNA G+C content was 35.9 mol%. 25713049 7 11 theme DNA 915:917 arg1 content 923:929 The genomic DNA G+C content 903:929 The genomic DNA G+C content 903:929 The genomic DNA G+C content was 35.9 mol%. 25713049 8 12 theme Bacillus 1102:1109 arg1 T 1128:1128 T 1128:1128 T 1128:1128 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 8 12 theme Bacillus 1102:1109 arg1 SW-211 1121:1126 Bacillus litoralis SW-211 1102:1126 Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1102:1171 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 8 12 theme Bacillus 1102:1109 arg1 similarity 1161:1170 98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1132:1170 98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1132:1170 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 3 13 theme optimum 455:461 arg1 pH 463:464 optimum pH 7.5 455:468 optimum pH 7.5 455:468 Strain JSM 100118(T) was able to grow with 0-13% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-5%), at pH 5.5-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 5-50 °C (optimum 30-35 °C). 25713049 3 13 theme optimum 455:461 arg1 pH 442:443 pH 5.5-10.0 442:452 pH 5.5-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) 442:469 Strain JSM 100118(T) was able to grow with 0-13% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-5%), at pH 5.5-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 5-50 °C (optimum 30-35 °C). 25713049 9 14 from analysis 1351:1358 arg1 results 1321:1327 results 1321:1327 results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization 1321:1433 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 9 14 from analysis 1351:1358 arg1 combination 1306:1316 The combination 1302:1316 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization 1302:1433 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 8 15 theme Bacillus 1218:1225 arg1 T 1242:1242 T 1242:1242 T 1242:1242 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 8 15 theme Bacillus 1218:1225 arg1 4T19 1237:1240 Bacillus niabensis 4T19 1218:1240 Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) 1218:1251 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 8 15 theme Bacillus 1218:1225 arg1 % 1250:1250 97.8% 1246:1250 97.8% 1246:1250 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 4 16 theme diagnostic 576:585 arg1 acid 595:598 the diagnostic diamino acid 572:598 the diagnostic diamino acid 572:598 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25713049 4 16 theme diagnostic 576:585 arg1 acid 564:567 meso-diaminopimelic acid 544:567 meso-diaminopimelic acid 544:567 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25713049 9 17 theme JSM 1472:1474 arg1 T 1483:1483 T 1483:1483 T 1483:1483 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 9 17 theme JSM 1472:1474 arg1 100118 1476:1481 strain JSM 100118 1465:1481 strain JSM 100118(T) 1465:1484 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 5 18 theme respiratory 617:627 arg1 menaquinone-7 641:653 menaquinone-7 641:653 menaquinone-7 641:653 The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω11c. 25713049 5 18 theme respiratory 617:627 arg1 quinone 629:635 The predominant respiratory quinone 601:635 The predominant respiratory quinone 601:635 The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω11c. 25713049 11 19 theme AB 1642:1643 arg1 T 1681:1681 T 1681:1681 T 1681:1681 The type strain is JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)). 25713049 11 19 theme AB 1642:1643 arg1 17523 1675:1679  = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523 1634:1679  = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T) 1634:1682 The type strain is JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)). 25713049 6 20 theme unknown 855:861 arg1 glycolipid 863:872 an unknown glycolipid 852:872 an unknown glycolipid 852:872 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unknown glycolipid and an unknown phospholipid. 25713049 4 21 theme meso-diaminopimelic 544:562 arg1 acid 595:598 the diagnostic diamino acid 572:598 the diagnostic diamino acid 572:598 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25713049 4 21 theme meso-diaminopimelic 544:562 arg1 acid 564:567 meso-diaminopimelic acid 544:567 meso-diaminopimelic acid 544:567 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25713049 8 22 theme % 1136:1136 arg1 SW-211 1121:1126 Bacillus litoralis SW-211 1102:1126 Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1102:1171 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 8 22 theme % 1136:1136 arg1 similarity 1161:1170 98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1132:1170 98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1132:1170 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 8 23 theme rRNA 1142:1145 arg1 SW-211 1121:1126 Bacillus litoralis SW-211 1102:1126 Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1102:1171 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 8 23 theme rRNA 1142:1145 arg1 similarity 1161:1170 98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1132:1170 98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1132:1170 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 2 24 theme China 352:356 arg1 Sea 358:360 the South China Sea 342:360 the South China Sea 342:360 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. 25713049 3 25 theme Strain 363:368 arg1 T 381:381 T 381:381 T 381:381 Strain JSM 100118(T) was able to grow with 0-13% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-5%), at pH 5.5-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 5-50 °C (optimum 30-35 °C). 25713049 3 25 theme Strain 363:368 arg1 100118 374:379 Strain JSM 100118 363:379 Strain JSM 100118(T) 363:382 Strain JSM 100118(T) was able to grow with 0-13% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-5%), at pH 5.5-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 5-50 °C (optimum 30-35 °C). 25713049 1 26 theme Crassostrea 57:67 arg1 oyster 49:54 an oyster 46:54 an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) 46:82 nov., isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis). 25713049 1 26 theme Crassostrea 57:67 arg1 hongkongensis 69:81 Crassostrea hongkongensis 57:81 Crassostrea hongkongensis 57:81 nov., isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis). 25713049 8 27 theme sequence 1152:1159 arg1 SW-211 1121:1126 Bacillus litoralis SW-211 1102:1126 Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1102:1171 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 8 27 theme sequence 1152:1159 arg1 similarity 1161:1170 98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1132:1170 98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1132:1170 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 0 28 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 22:23 Bacillus crassostreae sp 0:23 Bacillus crassostreae sp. 0:24 Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 11 29 theme JSM 1619:1621 arg1 T 1630:1630 T 1630:1630 T 1630:1630 The type strain is JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)). 25713049 11 29 theme JSM 1619:1621 arg1 strain 1609:1614 The type strain 1600:1614 The type strain 1600:1614 The type strain is JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)). 25713049 11 29 theme JSM 1619:1621 arg1 100118 1623:1628 JSM 100118 1619:1628 JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)) 1619:1683 The type strain is JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)). 25713049 11 30 theme T 1653:1653 arg1 T 1681:1681 T 1681:1681 T 1681:1681 The type strain is JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)). 25713049 11 30 theme T 1653:1653 arg1 17523 1675:1679  = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523 1634:1679  = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T) 1634:1682 The type strain is JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)). 25713049 9 31 theme Bacillus 1526:1533 arg1 species 1505:1511 a novel species 1497:1511 a novel species 1497:1511 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 8 32 theme Bacillus 1174:1181 arg1 T 1206:1206 T 1206:1206 T 1206:1206 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 8 32 theme Bacillus 1174:1181 arg1 E33 1202:1204 Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33 1174:1204 Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%) 1174:1215 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 8 32 theme Bacillus 1174:1181 arg1 % 1214:1214 98.3% 1210:1214 98.3% 1210:1214 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 6 33 theme unknown 881:887 arg1 phospholipid 889:900 an unknown phospholipid 878:900 an unknown phospholipid 878:900 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unknown glycolipid and an unknown phospholipid. 25713049 3 34 theme % 410:410 arg1 % 435:435 optimum 2-5% 424:435 optimum 2-5% 424:435 Strain JSM 100118(T) was able to grow with 0-13% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-5%), at pH 5.5-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 5-50 °C (optimum 30-35 °C). 25713049 3 34 theme % 410:410 arg1 NaCl 418:421 0-13% (w/v) NaCl 406:421 0-13% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-5%) 406:436 Strain JSM 100118(T) was able to grow with 0-13% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-5%), at pH 5.5-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 5-50 °C (optimum 30-35 °C). 25713049 5 35 theme major 663:667 arg1 0 709:709 0 709:709 0 709:709 The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω11c. 25713049 5 35 theme major 663:667 arg1 acids 684:688 the major cellular fatty acids 659:688 the major cellular fatty acids 659:688 The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω11c. 25713049 5 36 dep 0 709:709 arg1 1ω11c 743:747 1ω11c 743:747 1ω11c 743:747 The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω11c. 25713049 5 36 dep 0 709:709 arg1 C16 725:727 C16 725:727 C16 725:727 The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω11c. 25713049 5 36 dep 0 709:709 arg1 0 722:722 0 722:722 0 722:722 The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω11c. 25713049 5 36 dep 0 709:709 arg1 C16 737:739 C16 737:739 C16 737:739 The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω11c. 25713049 8 37 dep Bacillus 1257:1264 arg1 herbersteinensis 1266:1281 herbersteinensis 1266:1281 herbersteinensis 1266:1281 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 9 38 theme results 1321:1327 arg1 combination 1306:1316 The combination 1302:1316 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization 1302:1433 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 9 39 theme Bacillus 1556:1563 arg1 sp 1578:1579 Bacillus crassostreae sp 1556:1579 the name Bacillus crassostreae sp 1547:1579 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 2 40 theme Island 332:337 arg1 flat 316:319 the tidal flat 306:319 the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea 306:360 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. 25713049 11 41 dep 100118 1623:1628 arg1 T 1681:1681 T 1681:1681 T 1681:1681 The type strain is JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)). 25713049 11 41 dep 100118 1623:1628 arg1 17523 1675:1679  = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523 1634:1679  = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T) 1634:1682 The type strain is JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)). 25713049 3 42 theme w/v 413:415 arg1 % 435:435 optimum 2-5% 424:435 optimum 2-5% 424:435 Strain JSM 100118(T) was able to grow with 0-13% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-5%), at pH 5.5-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 5-50 °C (optimum 30-35 °C). 25713049 3 42 theme w/v 413:415 arg1 NaCl 418:421 0-13% (w/v) NaCl 406:421 0-13% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-5%) 406:436 Strain JSM 100118(T) was able to grow with 0-13% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-5%), at pH 5.5-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 5-50 °C (optimum 30-35 °C). 25713049 8 43 theme rRNA 981:984 arg1 sequences 991:999 16S rRNA gene sequences 977:999 16S rRNA gene sequences 977:999 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 3 44 from °C 483:484 arg1 able 388:391 able 388:391 able 388:391 Strain JSM 100118(T) was able to grow with 0-13% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-5%), at pH 5.5-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 5-50 °C (optimum 30-35 °C). 25713049 2 45 theme novel 87:91 arg1 rod 197:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod 85:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod 85:199 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. 25713049 11 46 theme type 1604:1607 arg1 strain 1609:1614 The type strain 1600:1614 The type strain 1600:1614 The type strain is JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)). 25713049 11 46 theme type 1604:1607 arg1 100118 1623:1628 JSM 100118 1619:1628 JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)) 1619:1683 The type strain is JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)). 25713049 11 47 theme  =DSM 1655:1659 arg1 T 1681:1681 T 1681:1681 T 1681:1681 The type strain is JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)). 25713049 11 47 theme  =DSM 1655:1659 arg1 17523 1675:1679  = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523 1634:1679  = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T) 1634:1682 The type strain is JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)). 25713049 9 48 theme DNA-DNA 1361:1367 arg1 hybridization 1369:1381 DNA-DNA hybridization 1361:1381 DNA-DNA hybridization 1361:1381 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 2 49 theme tidal 310:314 arg1 flat 316:319 the tidal flat 306:319 the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea 306:360 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. 25713049 7 50 theme mol 940:942 arg1 % 943:943 35.9 mol% 935:943 35.9 mol% 935:943 The genomic DNA G+C content was 35.9 mol%. 25713049 7 50 theme mol 940:942 arg1 content 923:929 The genomic DNA G+C content 903:929 The genomic DNA G+C content 903:929 The genomic DNA G+C content was 35.9 mol%. 25713049 3 51 theme optimum 424:430 arg1 % 435:435 optimum 2-5% 424:435 optimum 2-5% 424:435 Strain JSM 100118(T) was able to grow with 0-13% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-5%), at pH 5.5-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 5-50 °C (optimum 30-35 °C). 25713049 3 51 theme optimum 424:430 arg1 NaCl 418:421 0-13% (w/v) NaCl 406:421 0-13% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-5%) 406:436 Strain JSM 100118(T) was able to grow with 0-13% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-5%), at pH 5.5-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 5-50 °C (optimum 30-35 °C). 25713049 8 52 theme JSM 1023:1025 arg1 T 1034:1034 T 1034:1034 T 1034:1034 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 8 52 theme JSM 1023:1025 arg1 100118 1027:1032 strain JSM 100118 1016:1032 strain JSM 100118(T) 1016:1035 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 9 53 theme phenotypic 1388:1397 arg1 characterization 1418:1433 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization 1388:1433 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization 1388:1433 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 7 54 theme G+C 919:921 arg1 % 943:943 35.9 mol% 935:943 35.9 mol% 935:943 The genomic DNA G+C content was 35.9 mol%. 25713049 7 54 theme G+C 919:921 arg1 content 923:929 The genomic DNA G+C content 903:929 The genomic DNA G+C content 903:929 The genomic DNA G+C content was 35.9 mol%. 25713049 2 55 theme Crassostrea 264:274 arg1 oyster 256:261 an oyster 253:261 an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea 253:360 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. 25713049 2 55 theme Crassostrea 264:274 arg1 hongkongensis 276:288 Crassostrea hongkongensis 264:288 Crassostrea hongkongensis 264:288 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. 25713049 9 56 from hybridization 1369:1381 arg1 results 1321:1327 results 1321:1327 results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization 1321:1433 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 9 56 from hybridization 1369:1381 arg1 combination 1306:1316 The combination 1302:1316 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization 1302:1433 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 9 57 theme chemotaxonomic 1403:1416 arg1 characterization 1418:1433 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization 1388:1433 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization 1388:1433 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 7 58 theme genomic 907:913 arg1 % 943:943 35.9 mol% 935:943 35.9 mol% 935:943 The genomic DNA G+C content was 35.9 mol%. 25713049 7 58 theme genomic 907:913 arg1 content 923:929 The genomic DNA G+C content 903:929 The genomic DNA G+C content 903:929 The genomic DNA G+C content was 35.9 mol%. 25713049 2 59 theme JSM 220:222 arg1 100118 224:229 strain JSM 100118 213:229 strain JSM 100118(T) 213:232 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. 25713049 2 59 theme JSM 220:222 arg1 T 231:231 T 231:231 T 231:231 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. 25713049 6 60 theme polar 754:758 arg1 lipids 760:765 The polar lipids 750:765 The polar lipids 750:765 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unknown glycolipid and an unknown phospholipid. 25713049 11 61 theme 2010452 1645:1651 arg1 T 1681:1681 T 1681:1681 T 1681:1681 The type strain is JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)). 25713049 11 61 theme 2010452 1645:1651 arg1 17523 1675:1679  = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523 1634:1679  = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T) 1634:1682 The type strain is JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)). 25713049 9 62 theme strain 1465:1470 arg1 T 1483:1483 T 1483:1483 T 1483:1483 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 9 62 theme strain 1465:1470 arg1 100118 1476:1481 strain JSM 100118 1465:1481 strain JSM 100118(T) 1465:1484 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 3 63 from pH 442:443 arg1 able 388:391 able 388:391 able 388:391 Strain JSM 100118(T) was able to grow with 0-13% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-5%), at pH 5.5-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 5-50 °C (optimum 30-35 °C). 25713049 5 64 theme predominant 605:615 arg1 menaquinone-7 641:653 menaquinone-7 641:653 menaquinone-7 641:653 The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω11c. 25713049 5 64 theme predominant 605:615 arg1 quinone 629:635 The predominant respiratory quinone 601:635 The predominant respiratory quinone 601:635 The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω11c. 25713049 11 65 theme  = CTCC 1634:1640 arg1 T 1681:1681 T 1681:1681 T 1681:1681 The type strain is JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)). 25713049 11 65 theme  = CTCC 1634:1640 arg1 17523 1675:1679  = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523 1634:1679  = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T) 1634:1682 The type strain is JSM 100118(T) ( = CTCC AB 2010452(T) =DSM 24486(T) =JCM 17523(T)). 25713049 4 66 theme cell-wall 510:518 arg1 peptidoglycan 520:532 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 506:532 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 506:532 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25713049 8 67 dep Bacillus 1174:1181 arg1 halosaccharovorans 1183:1200 halosaccharovorans 1183:1200 halosaccharovorans 1183:1200 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 9 68 from characterization 1418:1433 arg1 results 1321:1327 results 1321:1327 results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization 1321:1433 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 9 68 from characterization 1418:1433 arg1 combination 1306:1316 The combination 1302:1316 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization 1302:1433 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 9 69 dep name 1551:1554 arg1 sp 1578:1579 Bacillus crassostreae sp 1556:1579 the name Bacillus crassostreae sp 1547:1579 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 9 70 theme novel 1499:1503 arg1 species 1505:1511 a novel species 1497:1511 a novel species 1497:1511 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 8 71 theme Bacillus 1257:1264 arg1 T 1290:1290 T 1290:1290 T 1290:1290 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 8 71 theme Bacillus 1257:1264 arg1 D-1,5a 1283:1288 Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a 1257:1288 Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%) 1257:1299 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 8 71 theme Bacillus 1257:1264 arg1 % 1298:1298 97.1% 1294:1298 97.1% 1294:1298 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 8 72 theme 16S 1138:1140 arg1 SW-211 1121:1126 Bacillus litoralis SW-211 1102:1126 Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 1102:1171 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 8 72 theme 16S 1138:1140 arg1 similarity 1161:1170 98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1132:1170 98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1132:1170 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 2 73 theme South 346:350 arg1 Sea 358:360 the South China Sea 342:360 the South China Sea 342:360 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. 25713049 5 74 theme cellular 669:676 arg1 0 709:709 0 709:709 0 709:709 The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω11c. 25713049 5 74 theme cellular 669:676 arg1 acids 684:688 the major cellular fatty acids 659:688 the major cellular fatty acids 659:688 The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω11c. 25713049 4 75 theme diamino 587:593 arg1 acid 595:598 the diagnostic diamino acid 572:598 the diagnostic diamino acid 572:598 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25713049 4 75 theme diamino 587:593 arg1 acid 564:567 meso-diaminopimelic acid 544:567 meso-diaminopimelic acid 544:567 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25713049 9 76 from combination 1306:1316 arg1 characterization 1418:1433 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization 1388:1433 phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization 1388:1433 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 9 76 from combination 1306:1316 arg1 analysis 1351:1358 the phylogenetic analysis 1334:1358 the phylogenetic analysis 1334:1358 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 9 76 from combination 1306:1316 arg1 hybridization 1369:1381 DNA-DNA hybridization 1361:1381 DNA-DNA hybridization 1361:1381 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 3 77 theme optimum 487:493 arg1 °C 483:484 5-50 °C 478:484 5-50 °C (optimum 30-35 °C) 478:503 Strain JSM 100118(T) was able to grow with 0-13% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-5%), at pH 5.5-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 5-50 °C (optimum 30-35 °C). 25713049 3 77 theme optimum 487:493 arg1 °C 501:502 optimum 30-35 °C 487:502 optimum 30-35 °C 487:502 Strain JSM 100118(T) was able to grow with 0-13% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-5%), at pH 5.5-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 5-50 °C (optimum 30-35 °C). 25713049 8 78 dep Bacillus 1218:1225 arg1 niabensis 1227:1235 niabensis 1227:1235 niabensis 1227:1235 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 3 79 theme JSM 370:372 arg1 T 381:381 T 381:381 T 381:381 Strain JSM 100118(T) was able to grow with 0-13% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-5%), at pH 5.5-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 5-50 °C (optimum 30-35 °C). 25713049 3 79 theme JSM 370:372 arg1 100118 374:379 Strain JSM 100118 363:379 Strain JSM 100118(T) 363:382 Strain JSM 100118(T) was able to grow with 0-13% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-5%), at pH 5.5-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 5-50 °C (optimum 30-35 °C). 25713049 2 80 dep Gram-stain-positive 93:111 arg1 catalase- 122:130 catalase- 122:130 catalase- 122:130 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. 25713049 2 80 dep Gram-stain-positive 93:111 arg1 motile 114:119 motile 114:119 motile 114:119 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. 25713049 2 80 dep Gram-stain-positive 93:111 arg1 endospore-forming 154:170 endospore-forming 154:170 endospore-forming 154:170 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. 25713049 2 80 dep Gram-stain-positive 93:111 arg1 anaerobic 187:195 anaerobic 187:195 anaerobic 187:195 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. 25713049 2 80 dep Gram-stain-positive 93:111 arg1 oxidase-positive 136:151 oxidase-positive 136:151 oxidase-positive 136:151 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. 25713049 8 81 theme Phylogenetic 946:957 arg1 analysis 959:966 Phylogenetic analysis 946:966 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 946:999 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 2 82 theme Naozhou 324:330 arg1 Island 332:337 Naozhou Island 324:337 Naozhou Island 324:337 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated strain JSM 100118(T), was isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) collected from the tidal flat of Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. 25713049 8 83 theme 16S 977:979 arg1 sequences 991:999 16S rRNA gene sequences 977:999 16S rRNA gene sequences 977:999 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 8 84 dep Bacillus 1102:1109 arg1 litoralis 1111:1119 litoralis 1111:1119 litoralis 1111:1119 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 100118(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus , and was most closely related to Bacillus litoralis SW-211(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T) (98.3%), Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) (97.8%) and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (97.1%). 25713049 9 85 theme crassostreae 1565:1576 arg1 sp 1578:1579 Bacillus crassostreae sp 1556:1579 the name Bacillus crassostreae sp 1547:1579 The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 100118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus crassostreae sp. 25713049 4 86 contain contained 534:542 arg1 peptidoglycan 520:532 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 506:532 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 506:532 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25713049 4 86 contain contained 534:542 arg2 acid 595:598 the diagnostic diamino acid 572:598 the diagnostic diamino acid 572:598 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25713049 4 86 contain contained 534:542 arg2 acid 564:567 meso-diaminopimelic acid 544:567 meso-diaminopimelic acid 544:567 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25713049 0 87 theme crassostreae 9:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Bacillus crassostreae sp 0:23 Bacillus crassostreae sp. 0:24 Bacillus crassostreae sp. 27565539 10 0 theme strain 1419:1424 arg1 TEGR-3T 1426:1432 strain TEGR-3T 1419:1432 strain TEGR-3T 1419:1432 Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain TEGR-3T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus sinopodophylli sp. 27565539 7 1 theme diagnostic 1105:1114 arg1 acid 1124:1127 the diagnostic diamino acid 1101:1127 the diagnostic diamino acid 1101:1127 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27565539 7 1 theme diagnostic 1105:1114 arg1 acid 1093:1096 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1073:1096 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1073:1096 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27565539 4 2 theme strain 543:548 arg1 TEGR-3T 550:556 strain TEGR-3T 543:556 strain TEGR-3T 543:556 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 4 2 theme strain 543:548 arg1 member 564:569 a member 562:569 a member of the genus Paenibacillus 562:596 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 8 3 theme DNA 1134:1136 arg1 content 1142:1148 The DNA G+C content 1130:1148 The DNA G+C content 1130:1148 The DNA G+C content was 45.2 mol%. 27565539 8 3 theme DNA 1134:1136 arg1 % 1162:1162 45.2 mol% 1154:1162 45.2 mol% 1154:1162 The DNA G+C content was 45.2 mol%. 27565539 9 4 theme closest 1231:1237 arg1 relatives 1252:1260 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1227:1260 its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1227:1337 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 9 4 theme closest 1231:1237 arg1 19417T 1332:1337 Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1304:1337 Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1304:1337 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 9 4 theme closest 1231:1237 arg1 27297T 1293:1298 Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T 1262:1298 Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T 1262:1298 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 4 5 theme DSM 720:722 arg1 19417T 724:729 Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 696:729 Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %) 696:738 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 4 5 theme DSM 720:722 arg1 % 737:737 97.3 % 732:737 97.3 % 732:737 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 4 6 theme Phylogenetic 476:487 arg1 analyses 489:496 Phylogenetic analyses 476:496 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 476:529 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 7 7 contain contained 1063:1071 arg2 acid 1093:1096 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1073:1096 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1073:1096 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27565539 7 7 contain contained 1063:1071 arg2 acid 1124:1127 the diagnostic diamino acid 1101:1127 the diagnostic diamino acid 1101:1127 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27565539 7 7 contain contained 1063:1071 arg1 peptidoglycan 1049:1061 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1035:1061 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1035:1061 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27565539 12 8 theme =CCTCC 1603:1608 arg1 TEGR-3T 1594:1600 TEGR-3T 1594:1600 TEGR-3T (=CCTCC AB 2016047T=KCTC 33807T) 1594:1633 The type strain is TEGR-3T (=CCTCC AB 2016047T=KCTC 33807T). 27565539 12 8 theme =CCTCC 1603:1608 arg1 33807T 1627:1632 =CCTCC AB 2016047T=KCTC 33807T 1603:1632 =CCTCC AB 2016047T=KCTC 33807T 1603:1632 The type strain is TEGR-3T (=CCTCC AB 2016047T=KCTC 33807T). 27565539 9 9 theme phylogenetic 1239:1250 arg1 relatives 1252:1260 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1227:1260 its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1227:1337 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 9 9 theme phylogenetic 1239:1250 arg1 19417T 1332:1337 Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1304:1337 Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1304:1337 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 9 9 theme phylogenetic 1239:1250 arg1 27297T 1293:1298 Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T 1262:1298 Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T 1262:1298 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 1 10 theme endophytic 63:72 arg1 bacterium 74:82 a siderophore-producing endophytic bacterium 39:82 a siderophore-producing endophytic bacterium 39:82 nov., a siderophore-producing endophytic bacterium isolated from roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying. 27565539 1 10 theme endophytic 63:72 arg1 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov., a siderophore-producing endophytic bacterium isolated from roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying. 27565539 4 11 theme highest 614:620 arg1 similarity 631:640 the highest sequence similarity 610:640 the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %) 610:738 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 4 12 theme 16S 507:509 arg1 sequences 521:529 16S rRNA gene sequences 507:529 16S rRNA gene sequences 507:529 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 7 13 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1073:1091 arg1 acid 1124:1127 the diagnostic diamino acid 1101:1127 the diagnostic diamino acid 1101:1127 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27565539 7 13 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1073:1091 arg1 acid 1093:1096 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1073:1096 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1073:1096 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27565539 10 14 theme phenotypic 1374:1383 arg1 data 1413:1416 the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1370:1416 the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1370:1416 Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain TEGR-3T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus sinopodophylli sp. 27565539 2 15 theme Gram-stain-positive 149:167 arg1 strain 239:244 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain 147:244 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain 147:244 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain, designated TEGR-3T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, China. 27565539 10 16 theme sinopodophylli 1538:1551 arg1 sp 1553:1554 the name Paenibacillus sinopodophylli sp 1515:1554 the name Paenibacillus sinopodophylli sp 1515:1554 Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain TEGR-3T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus sinopodophylli sp. 27565539 9 17 theme Paenibacillus 1262:1274 arg1 relatives 1252:1260 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1227:1260 its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1227:1337 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 9 17 theme Paenibacillus 1262:1274 arg1 27297T 1293:1298 Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T 1262:1298 Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T 1262:1298 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 10 18 theme name 1519:1522 arg1 sp 1553:1554 the name Paenibacillus sinopodophylli sp 1515:1554 the name Paenibacillus sinopodophylli sp 1515:1554 Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain TEGR-3T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus sinopodophylli sp. 27565539 4 19 theme gene 516:519 arg1 sequences 521:529 16S rRNA gene sequences 507:529 16S rRNA gene sequences 507:529 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 10 20 theme genotypic 1403:1411 arg1 data 1413:1416 the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1370:1416 the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1370:1416 Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain TEGR-3T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus sinopodophylli sp. 27565539 9 21 theme endophyticus 1276:1287 arg1 relatives 1252:1260 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1227:1260 its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1227:1337 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 9 21 theme endophyticus 1276:1287 arg1 27297T 1293:1298 Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T 1262:1298 Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T 1262:1298 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 4 22 theme sequence 622:629 arg1 similarity 631:640 the highest sequence similarity 610:640 the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %) 610:738 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 9 23 theme DSM 1328:1330 arg1 relatives 1252:1260 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1227:1260 its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1227:1337 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 9 23 theme DSM 1328:1330 arg1 19417T 1332:1337 Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1304:1337 Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1304:1337 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 4 24 theme rRNA 511:514 arg1 sequences 521:529 16S rRNA gene sequences 507:529 16S rRNA gene sequences 507:529 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 5 25 dep anteiso-C15  784:795 arg1  0 were 809:815  0 were 809:815 anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 were 784:815 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27565539 5 25 dep anteiso-C15  784:795 arg1 C16  804:807 C16  804:807 C16  804:807 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27565539 9 26 theme LMG 1289:1291 arg1 relatives 1252:1260 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1227:1260 its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1227:1337 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 9 26 theme LMG 1289:1291 arg1 27297T 1293:1298 Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T 1262:1298 Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T 1262:1298 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 0 27 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sinopodophylli 14:27 Paenibacillus sinopodophylli 0:27 Paenibacillus sinopodophylli 0:27 Paenibacillus sinopodophylli sp. 27565539 6 28 theme unidentified 1015:1026 arg1 lipid 1028:1032 an unidentified lipid 1012:1032 an unidentified lipid 1012:1032 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. 27565539 10 29 theme phylogenetic 1386:1397 arg1 data 1413:1416 the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1370:1416 the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1370:1416 Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain TEGR-3T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus sinopodophylli sp. 27565539 2 30 theme hexandrum 314:322 arg1 roots 289:293 the roots 285:293 the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, China 285:386 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain, designated TEGR-3T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, China. 27565539 10 31 theme novel 1463:1467 arg1 species 1469:1475 a novel species 1461:1475 a novel species 1461:1475 Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain TEGR-3T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus sinopodophylli sp. 27565539 4 32 theme LMG 672:674 arg1 27297T 676:681 Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T 645:681 Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) 645:690 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 4 32 theme LMG 672:674 arg1 % 689:689 97.3 % 684:689 97.3 % 684:689 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 3 33 theme Strain 389:394 arg1 TEGR-3T 396:402 Strain TEGR-3T 389:402 Strain TEGR-3T 389:402 Strain TEGR-3T produced siderophores and hydrolysed aesculin, starch and CM-cellulose. 27565539 4 34 theme Paenibacillus 584:596 arg1 genus 578:582 the genus Paenibacillus 574:596 the genus Paenibacillus 574:596 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 8 35 theme G+C 1138:1140 arg1 content 1142:1148 The DNA G+C content 1130:1148 The DNA G+C content 1130:1148 The DNA G+C content was 45.2 mol%. 27565539 8 35 theme G+C 1138:1140 arg1 % 1162:1162 45.2 mol% 1154:1162 45.2 mol% 1154:1162 The DNA G+C content was 45.2 mol%. 27565539 2 36 theme rod-shaped 188:197 arg1 strain 239:244 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain 147:244 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain 147:244 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain, designated TEGR-3T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, China. 27565539 1 37 theme hexandrum 123:131 arg1 Ying 141:144 Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying 107:144 Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying 107:144 nov., a siderophore-producing endophytic bacterium isolated from roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying. 27565539 9 38 theme DNA-DNA 1165:1171 arg1 values 1185:1190 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1165:1190 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1165:1337 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 4 39 theme endophyticus 659:670 arg1 27297T 676:681 Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T 645:681 Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) 645:690 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 4 39 theme endophyticus 659:670 arg1 % 689:689 97.3 % 684:689 97.3 % 684:689 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 2 40 dep Gram-stain-positive 149:167 arg1 aerobic 179:185 aerobic 179:185 aerobic 179:185 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain, designated TEGR-3T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, China. 27565539 8 41 theme 45.2 mol 1154:1161 arg1 content 1142:1148 The DNA G+C content 1130:1148 The DNA G+C content 1130:1148 The DNA G+C content was 45.2 mol%. 27565539 8 41 theme 45.2 mol 1154:1161 arg1 % 1162:1162 45.2 mol% 1154:1162 45.2 mol% 1154:1162 The DNA G+C content was 45.2 mol%. 27565539 9 42 theme castaneae 1318:1326 arg1 relatives 1252:1260 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1227:1260 its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1227:1337 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 9 42 theme castaneae 1318:1326 arg1 19417T 1332:1337 Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1304:1337 Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1304:1337 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 9 43 theme relatedness 1173:1183 arg1 values 1185:1190 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1165:1190 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1165:1337 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 6 44 theme unidentified 981:992 arg1 phospholipids 994:1006 two unidentified phospholipids 977:1006 two unidentified phospholipids 977:1006 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. 27565539 5 45 dep menaquinone 759:769 arg1 acids 833:837 the major fatty acids 817:837 the major fatty acids 817:837 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27565539 6 46 theme polar 850:854 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 868:889 diphosphatidylglycerol 868:889 diphosphatidylglycerol 868:889 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. 27565539 6 46 theme polar 850:854 arg1 lipids 856:861 The major polar lipids 840:861 The major polar lipids 840:861 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. 27565539 4 47 theme genus 578:582 arg1 TEGR-3T 550:556 strain TEGR-3T 543:556 strain TEGR-3T 543:556 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 4 47 theme genus 578:582 arg1 member 564:569 a member 562:569 a member of the genus Paenibacillus 562:596 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 10 48 theme Paenibacillus 1524:1536 arg1 sp 1553:1554 the name Paenibacillus sinopodophylli sp 1515:1554 the name Paenibacillus sinopodophylli sp 1515:1554 Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain TEGR-3T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus sinopodophylli sp. 27565539 10 49 theme Paenibacillus 1490:1502 arg1 genus 1484:1488 the genus Paenibacillus 1480:1502 the genus Paenibacillus 1480:1502 Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain TEGR-3T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus sinopodophylli sp. 27565539 5 50 theme major 821:825 arg1 acids 833:837 the major fatty acids 817:837 the major fatty acids 817:837 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27565539 6 51 theme major 844:848 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 868:889 diphosphatidylglycerol 868:889 diphosphatidylglycerol 868:889 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. 27565539 6 51 theme major 844:848 arg1 lipids 856:861 The major polar lipids 840:861 The major polar lipids 840:861 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. 27565539 7 52 theme diamino 1116:1122 arg1 acid 1124:1127 the diagnostic diamino acid 1101:1127 the diagnostic diamino acid 1101:1127 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27565539 7 52 theme diamino 1116:1122 arg1 acid 1093:1096 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1073:1096 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1073:1096 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27565539 2 53 theme endospore-forming 211:227 arg1 strain 239:244 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain 147:244 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain 147:244 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain, designated TEGR-3T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, China. 27565539 2 54 theme bacterial 229:237 arg1 strain 239:244 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain 147:244 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain 147:244 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain, designated TEGR-3T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, China. 27565539 9 55 theme strain 1196:1201 arg1 TEGR-3T 1203:1209 strain TEGR-3T 1196:1209 strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1196:1337 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 1 56 theme Royle 134:138 arg1 Ying 141:144 Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying 107:144 Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying 107:144 nov., a siderophore-producing endophytic bacterium isolated from roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying. 27565539 9 57 dep relatives 1252:1260 arg1 relatives 1252:1260 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1227:1260 its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1227:1337 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 9 57 dep relatives 1252:1260 arg1 19417T 1332:1337 Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1304:1337 Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1304:1337 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 9 57 dep relatives 1252:1260 arg1 27297T 1293:1298 Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T 1262:1298 Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T 1262:1298 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 7 58 theme cell-wall 1039:1047 arg1 peptidoglycan 1049:1061 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1035:1061 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1035:1061 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 27565539 10 59 theme genus 1484:1488 arg1 species 1469:1475 a novel species 1461:1475 a novel species 1461:1475 Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain TEGR-3T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus sinopodophylli sp. 27565539 1 60 theme Sinopodophyllum 107:121 arg1 Ying 141:144 Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying 107:144 Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying 107:144 nov., a siderophore-producing endophytic bacterium isolated from roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying. 27565539 12 61 theme AB 1610:1611 arg1 TEGR-3T 1594:1600 TEGR-3T 1594:1600 TEGR-3T (=CCTCC AB 2016047T=KCTC 33807T) 1594:1633 The type strain is TEGR-3T (=CCTCC AB 2016047T=KCTC 33807T). 27565539 12 61 theme AB 1610:1611 arg1 33807T 1627:1632 =CCTCC AB 2016047T=KCTC 33807T 1603:1632 =CCTCC AB 2016047T=KCTC 33807T 1603:1632 The type strain is TEGR-3T (=CCTCC AB 2016047T=KCTC 33807T). 27565539 2 62 theme motile 200:205 arg1 strain 239:244 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain 147:244 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain 147:244 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain, designated TEGR-3T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, China. 27565539 0 63 dep sp 29:30 arg1 sinopodophylli 14:27 Paenibacillus sinopodophylli 0:27 Paenibacillus sinopodophylli 0:27 Paenibacillus sinopodophylli sp. 27565539 1 64 theme Ying 141:144 arg1 roots 98:102 roots 98:102 roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying 98:144 nov., a siderophore-producing endophytic bacterium isolated from roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying. 27565539 2 65 attach isolated 271:278 arg1 roots 289:293 the roots 285:293 the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, China 285:386 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain, designated TEGR-3T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, China. 27565539 2 65 attach isolated 271:278 arg2 strain 239:244 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain 147:244 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain 147:244 A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain, designated TEGR-3T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, China. 27565539 5 66 theme only 754:757 arg1 menaquinone 759:769 the only menaquinone 750:769 the only menaquinone detected 750:778 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27565539 5 66 theme only 754:757 arg1 MK-7 741:744 MK-7 741:744 MK-7 741:744 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27565539 9 67 theme Paenibacillus 1304:1316 arg1 relatives 1252:1260 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1227:1260 its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1227:1337 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 9 67 theme Paenibacillus 1304:1316 arg1 19417T 1332:1337 Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1304:1337 Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 1304:1337 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGR-3T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T were lower than 40 %. 27565539 5 68 theme fatty 827:831 arg1 acids 833:837 the major fatty acids 817:837 the major fatty acids 817:837 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 27565539 4 69 theme castaneae 710:718 arg1 19417T 724:729 Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 696:729 Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %) 696:738 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 4 69 theme castaneae 710:718 arg1 % 737:737 97.3 % 732:737 97.3 % 732:737 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 4 70 theme Paenibacillus 645:657 arg1 27297T 676:681 Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T 645:681 Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) 645:690 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 4 70 theme Paenibacillus 645:657 arg1 % 689:689 97.3 % 684:689 97.3 % 684:689 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 6 71 theme unidentified 944:955 arg1 aminophospholipids 957:974 two unidentified aminophospholipids 940:974 two unidentified aminophospholipids 940:974 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. 27565539 1 72 theme siderophore-producing 41:61 arg1 bacterium 74:82 a siderophore-producing endophytic bacterium 39:82 a siderophore-producing endophytic bacterium 39:82 nov., a siderophore-producing endophytic bacterium isolated from roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying. 27565539 1 72 theme siderophore-producing 41:61 arg1 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov., a siderophore-producing endophytic bacterium isolated from roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying. 27565539 12 73 theme type 1579:1582 arg1 TEGR-3T 1594:1600 TEGR-3T 1594:1600 TEGR-3T (=CCTCC AB 2016047T=KCTC 33807T) 1594:1633 The type strain is TEGR-3T (=CCTCC AB 2016047T=KCTC 33807T). 27565539 12 73 theme type 1579:1582 arg1 strain 1584:1589 The type strain 1575:1589 The type strain 1575:1589 The type strain is TEGR-3T (=CCTCC AB 2016047T=KCTC 33807T). 27565539 4 74 theme Paenibacillus 696:708 arg1 19417T 724:729 Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T 696:729 Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %) 696:738 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 4 74 theme Paenibacillus 696:708 arg1 % 737:737 97.3 % 732:737 97.3 % 732:737 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGR-3T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus endophyticus LMG 27297T (97.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae DSM 19417T (97.3 %). 27565539 12 75 theme 2016047T=KCTC 1613:1625 arg1 TEGR-3T 1594:1600 TEGR-3T 1594:1600 TEGR-3T (=CCTCC AB 2016047T=KCTC 33807T) 1594:1633 The type strain is TEGR-3T (=CCTCC AB 2016047T=KCTC 33807T). 27565539 12 75 theme 2016047T=KCTC 1613:1625 arg1 33807T 1627:1632 =CCTCC AB 2016047T=KCTC 33807T 1603:1632 =CCTCC AB 2016047T=KCTC 33807T 1603:1632 The type strain is TEGR-3T (=CCTCC AB 2016047T=KCTC 33807T). 25641132 0 0 theme functional 88:97 arg1 recovery 99:106 functional recovery 88:106 functional recovery 88:106 Antisense vimentin cDNA combined with chondroitinase ABC promotes axon regeneration and functional recovery following spinal cord injury in rats. 25641132 1 1 theme glial 163:167 arg1 scar 169:172 glial scar 163:172 glial scar 163:172 The formation of glial scar restricts axon regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult mammalian. 25641132 8 2 from architecture 1088:1099 arg1 tissues 1115:1121 glial scar tissues 1104:1121 glial scar tissues 1104:1121 Our results indicate that axon regeneration may be promoted by modified physical and biochemical characteristics of intra- and extracellular architecture in glial scar tissues. 25641132 8 3 theme physical 1019:1026 arg1 characteristics 1044:1058 modified physical and biochemical characteristics 1010:1058 modified physical and biochemical characteristics of intra- and extracellular architecture in glial scar tissues 1010:1121 Our results indicate that axon regeneration may be promoted by modified physical and biochemical characteristics of intra- and extracellular architecture in glial scar tissues. 25641132 7 4 from recovery 919:926 arg1 rats 941:944 rats 941:944 rats 941:944 Using anterograde tracing, BBB scoring and hind limb placing response, we found that this combined treatment promoted axon regeneration and functional recovery after SCI in rats. 25641132 7 5 theme functional 908:917 arg1 recovery 919:926 functional recovery 908:926 functional recovery 908:926 Using anterograde tracing, BBB scoring and hind limb placing response, we found that this combined treatment promoted axon regeneration and functional recovery after SCI in rats. 25641132 0 6 theme cord 125:128 arg1 injury 130:135 spinal cord injury 118:135 spinal cord injury in rats 118:143 Antisense vimentin cDNA combined with chondroitinase ABC promotes axon regeneration and functional recovery following spinal cord injury in rats. 25641132 9 7 from composition 1191:1201 arg1 injury 1243:1248 central nervous system injury 1220:1248 central nervous system injury 1220:1248 Theses findings could potentially help us to understand better the composition of glial scar in central nervous system injury. 25641132 8 8 theme modified 1010:1017 arg1 characteristics 1044:1058 modified physical and biochemical characteristics 1010:1058 modified physical and biochemical characteristics of intra- and extracellular architecture in glial scar tissues 1010:1121 Our results indicate that axon regeneration may be promoted by modified physical and biochemical characteristics of intra- and extracellular architecture in glial scar tissues. 25641132 6 9 theme cDNA 762:765 arg1 infusion 721:728 sustained infusion 711:728 sustained infusion of ChABC and antisense vimentin cDNA 711:765 We targeted glial scar in injured spinal cord by sustained infusion of ChABC and antisense vimentin cDNA. 25641132 6 10 from scar 680:683 arg1 cord 703:706 injured spinal cord 688:706 injured spinal cord 688:706 We targeted glial scar in injured spinal cord by sustained infusion of ChABC and antisense vimentin cDNA. 25641132 6 11 theme glial 674:678 arg1 scar 680:683 glial scar 674:683 glial scar in injured spinal cord 674:706 We targeted glial scar in injured spinal cord by sustained infusion of ChABC and antisense vimentin cDNA. 25641132 1 12 theme scar 169:172 arg1 formation 150:158 The formation 146:158 The formation of glial scar 146:172 The formation of glial scar restricts axon regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult mammalian. 25641132 0 13 theme spinal 118:123 arg1 injury 130:135 spinal cord injury 118:135 spinal cord injury in rats 118:143 Antisense vimentin cDNA combined with chondroitinase ABC promotes axon regeneration and functional recovery following spinal cord injury in rats. 25641132 5 14 theme intermediate 572:583 arg1 vimentin 602:609 The intermediate filament protein vimentin 568:609 The intermediate filament protein vimentin 568:609 The intermediate filament protein vimentin underpins the cytoskeleton of reactive astrocytes. 25641132 6 15 theme vimentin 753:760 arg1 cDNA 762:765 antisense vimentin cDNA 743:765 antisense vimentin cDNA 743:765 We targeted glial scar in injured spinal cord by sustained infusion of ChABC and antisense vimentin cDNA. 25641132 2 16 theme sulfate 265:271 arg1 CSPGs 288:292 CSPGs 288:292 CSPGs 288:292 Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are mostly secreted by reactive astrocytes, which form dense scar tissues after SCI. 25641132 2 16 theme sulfate 265:271 arg1 proteoglycans 273:285 Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans 253:285 Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) 253:293 Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are mostly secreted by reactive astrocytes, which form dense scar tissues after SCI. 25641132 0 17 theme vimentin 10:17 arg1 cDNA 19:22 Antisense vimentin cDNA 0:22 Antisense vimentin cDNA combined with chondroitinase ABC 0:55 Antisense vimentin cDNA combined with chondroitinase ABC promotes axon regeneration and functional recovery following spinal cord injury in rats. 25641132 5 18 theme filament 585:592 arg1 vimentin 602:609 The intermediate filament protein vimentin 568:609 The intermediate filament protein vimentin 568:609 The intermediate filament protein vimentin underpins the cytoskeleton of reactive astrocytes. 25641132 6 19 theme antisense 743:751 arg1 cDNA 762:765 antisense vimentin cDNA 743:765 antisense vimentin cDNA 743:765 We targeted glial scar in injured spinal cord by sustained infusion of ChABC and antisense vimentin cDNA. 25641132 7 20 theme hind 811:814 arg1 limb 816:819 hind limb 811:819 hind limb 811:819 Using anterograde tracing, BBB scoring and hind limb placing response, we found that this combined treatment promoted axon regeneration and functional recovery after SCI in rats. 25641132 1 21 theme axon 184:187 arg1 regeneration 189:200 axon regeneration 184:200 axon regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) 184:231 The formation of glial scar restricts axon regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult mammalian. 25641132 0 22 theme Antisense 0:8 arg1 cDNA 19:22 Antisense vimentin cDNA 0:22 Antisense vimentin cDNA combined with chondroitinase ABC 0:55 Antisense vimentin cDNA combined with chondroitinase ABC promotes axon regeneration and functional recovery following spinal cord injury in rats. 25641132 5 23 theme protein 594:600 arg1 vimentin 602:609 The intermediate filament protein vimentin 568:609 The intermediate filament protein vimentin 568:609 The intermediate filament protein vimentin underpins the cytoskeleton of reactive astrocytes. 25641132 8 24 theme axon 973:976 arg1 regeneration 978:989 axon regeneration 973:989 axon regeneration 973:989 Our results indicate that axon regeneration may be promoted by modified physical and biochemical characteristics of intra- and extracellular architecture in glial scar tissues. 25641132 7 25 theme BBB 795:797 arg1 scoring 799:805 BBB scoring 795:805 BBB scoring 795:805 Using anterograde tracing, BBB scoring and hind limb placing response, we found that this combined treatment promoted axon regeneration and functional recovery after SCI in rats. 25641132 9 26 theme scar 1212:1215 arg1 composition 1191:1201 the composition 1187:1201 the composition of glial scar in central nervous system injury 1187:1248 Theses findings could potentially help us to understand better the composition of glial scar in central nervous system injury. 25641132 7 27 theme anterograde 774:784 arg1 tracing 786:792 anterograde tracing 774:792 anterograde tracing 774:792 Using anterograde tracing, BBB scoring and hind limb placing response, we found that this combined treatment promoted axon regeneration and functional recovery after SCI in rats. 25641132 6 28 theme ChABC 733:737 arg1 infusion 721:728 sustained infusion 711:728 sustained infusion of ChABC and antisense vimentin cDNA 711:765 We targeted glial scar in injured spinal cord by sustained infusion of ChABC and antisense vimentin cDNA. 25641132 4 29 theme limited 519:525 arg1 success 527:533 only limited success 514:533 only limited success 514:533 However, to date ChABC has exhibited only limited success in the treatment of chronic SCI. 25641132 8 30 theme biochemical 1032:1042 arg1 characteristics 1044:1058 modified physical and biochemical characteristics 1010:1058 modified physical and biochemical characteristics of intra- and extracellular architecture in glial scar tissues 1010:1121 Our results indicate that axon regeneration may be promoted by modified physical and biochemical characteristics of intra- and extracellular architecture in glial scar tissues. 25641132 9 31 theme glial 1206:1210 arg1 scar 1212:1215 glial scar 1206:1215 glial scar 1206:1215 Theses findings could potentially help us to understand better the composition of glial scar in central nervous system injury. 25641132 1 32 theme spinal 208:213 arg1 SCI 228:230 SCI 228:230 SCI 228:230 The formation of glial scar restricts axon regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult mammalian. 25641132 1 32 theme spinal 208:213 arg1 injury 220:225 spinal cord injury 208:225 spinal cord injury (SCI) 208:231 The formation of glial scar restricts axon regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult mammalian. 25641132 0 33 theme chondroitinase 38:51 arg1 ABC 53:55 chondroitinase ABC 38:55 chondroitinase ABC 38:55 Antisense vimentin cDNA combined with chondroitinase ABC promotes axon regeneration and functional recovery following spinal cord injury in rats. 25641132 8 34 theme intra- 1063:1068 arg1 architecture 1088:1099 intra- and extracellular architecture 1063:1099 intra- and extracellular architecture in glial scar tissues 1063:1121 Our results indicate that axon regeneration may be promoted by modified physical and biochemical characteristics of intra- and extracellular architecture in glial scar tissues. 25641132 8 35 from tissues 1115:1121 arg1 characteristics 1044:1058 modified physical and biochemical characteristics 1010:1058 modified physical and biochemical characteristics of intra- and extracellular architecture in glial scar tissues 1010:1121 Our results indicate that axon regeneration may be promoted by modified physical and biochemical characteristics of intra- and extracellular architecture in glial scar tissues. 25641132 1 36 theme cord 215:218 arg1 SCI 228:230 SCI 228:230 SCI 228:230 The formation of glial scar restricts axon regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult mammalian. 25641132 1 36 theme cord 215:218 arg1 injury 220:225 spinal cord injury 208:225 spinal cord injury (SCI) 208:231 The formation of glial scar restricts axon regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult mammalian. 25641132 3 37 theme Chondroitinase 380:393 arg1 ABC 395:397 Chondroitinase ABC 380:397 Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) 380:405 Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), which can digest CSPGs, is a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI. 25641132 3 37 theme Chondroitinase 380:393 arg1 strategy 459:466 a promising therapeutic strategy 435:466 a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI 435:474 Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), which can digest CSPGs, is a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI. 25641132 3 37 theme Chondroitinase 380:393 arg1 ChABC 400:404 ChABC 400:404 ChABC 400:404 Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), which can digest CSPGs, is a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI. 25641132 8 38 theme extracellular 1074:1086 arg1 architecture 1088:1099 intra- and extracellular architecture 1063:1099 intra- and extracellular architecture in glial scar tissues 1063:1121 Our results indicate that axon regeneration may be promoted by modified physical and biochemical characteristics of intra- and extracellular architecture in glial scar tissues. 25641132 8 39 theme glial 1104:1108 arg1 tissues 1115:1121 glial scar tissues 1104:1121 glial scar tissues 1104:1121 Our results indicate that axon regeneration may be promoted by modified physical and biochemical characteristics of intra- and extracellular architecture in glial scar tissues. 25641132 3 40 theme therapeutic 447:457 arg1 ABC 395:397 Chondroitinase ABC 380:397 Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) 380:405 Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), which can digest CSPGs, is a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI. 25641132 3 40 theme therapeutic 447:457 arg1 strategy 459:466 a promising therapeutic strategy 435:466 a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI 435:474 Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), which can digest CSPGs, is a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI. 25641132 5 41 theme reactive 641:648 arg1 astrocytes 650:659 reactive astrocytes 641:659 reactive astrocytes 641:659 The intermediate filament protein vimentin underpins the cytoskeleton of reactive astrocytes. 25641132 9 42 theme nervous 1228:1234 arg1 system 1236:1241 central nervous system 1220:1241 central nervous system injury 1220:1248 Theses findings could potentially help us to understand better the composition of glial scar in central nervous system injury. 25641132 9 43 theme central 1220:1226 arg1 system 1236:1241 central nervous system 1220:1241 central nervous system injury 1220:1248 Theses findings could potentially help us to understand better the composition of glial scar in central nervous system injury. 25641132 6 44 theme sustained 711:719 arg1 infusion 721:728 sustained infusion 711:728 sustained infusion of ChABC and antisense vimentin cDNA 711:765 We targeted glial scar in injured spinal cord by sustained infusion of ChABC and antisense vimentin cDNA. 25641132 7 45 theme combined 858:865 arg1 treatment 867:875 this combined treatment 853:875 this combined treatment 853:875 Using anterograde tracing, BBB scoring and hind limb placing response, we found that this combined treatment promoted axon regeneration and functional recovery after SCI in rats. 25641132 7 46 theme axon 886:889 arg1 regeneration 891:902 axon regeneration 886:902 axon regeneration 886:902 Using anterograde tracing, BBB scoring and hind limb placing response, we found that this combined treatment promoted axon regeneration and functional recovery after SCI in rats. 25641132 5 47 theme astrocytes 650:659 arg1 cytoskeleton 625:636 the cytoskeleton 621:636 the cytoskeleton of reactive astrocytes 621:659 The intermediate filament protein vimentin underpins the cytoskeleton of reactive astrocytes. 25641132 9 48 theme system 1236:1241 arg1 injury 1243:1248 central nervous system injury 1220:1248 central nervous system injury 1220:1248 Theses findings could potentially help us to understand better the composition of glial scar in central nervous system injury. 25641132 2 49 theme Chondroitin 253:263 arg1 CSPGs 288:292 CSPGs 288:292 CSPGs 288:292 Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are mostly secreted by reactive astrocytes, which form dense scar tissues after SCI. 25641132 2 49 theme Chondroitin 253:263 arg1 proteoglycans 273:285 Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans 253:285 Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) 253:293 Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are mostly secreted by reactive astrocytes, which form dense scar tissues after SCI. 25641132 2 50 theme reactive 318:325 arg1 astrocytes 327:336 reactive astrocytes 318:336 reactive astrocytes 318:336 Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are mostly secreted by reactive astrocytes, which form dense scar tissues after SCI. 25641132 8 51 theme architecture 1088:1099 arg1 characteristics 1044:1058 modified physical and biochemical characteristics 1010:1058 modified physical and biochemical characteristics of intra- and extracellular architecture in glial scar tissues 1010:1121 Our results indicate that axon regeneration may be promoted by modified physical and biochemical characteristics of intra- and extracellular architecture in glial scar tissues. 25641132 3 52 theme promising 437:445 arg1 ABC 395:397 Chondroitinase ABC 380:397 Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) 380:405 Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), which can digest CSPGs, is a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI. 25641132 3 52 theme promising 437:445 arg1 strategy 459:466 a promising therapeutic strategy 435:466 a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI 435:474 Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), which can digest CSPGs, is a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI. 25641132 7 53 from regeneration 891:902 arg1 rats 941:944 rats 941:944 rats 941:944 Using anterograde tracing, BBB scoring and hind limb placing response, we found that this combined treatment promoted axon regeneration and functional recovery after SCI in rats. 25641132 8 54 theme scar 1110:1113 arg1 tissues 1115:1121 glial scar tissues 1104:1121 glial scar tissues 1104:1121 Our results indicate that axon regeneration may be promoted by modified physical and biochemical characteristics of intra- and extracellular architecture in glial scar tissues. 25641132 6 55 theme spinal 696:701 arg1 cord 703:706 injured spinal cord 688:706 injured spinal cord 688:706 We targeted glial scar in injured spinal cord by sustained infusion of ChABC and antisense vimentin cDNA. 25641132 2 56 theme scar 356:359 arg1 tissues 361:367 dense scar tissues 350:367 dense scar tissues 350:367 Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are mostly secreted by reactive astrocytes, which form dense scar tissues after SCI. 25641132 8 57 from characteristics 1044:1058 arg1 tissues 1115:1121 glial scar tissues 1104:1121 glial scar tissues 1104:1121 Our results indicate that axon regeneration may be promoted by modified physical and biochemical characteristics of intra- and extracellular architecture in glial scar tissues. 25641132 0 58 theme axon 66:69 arg1 regeneration 71:82 axon regeneration 66:82 axon regeneration 66:82 Antisense vimentin cDNA combined with chondroitinase ABC promotes axon regeneration and functional recovery following spinal cord injury in rats. 25641132 0 59 from injury 130:135 arg1 rats 140:143 rats 140:143 rats 140:143 Antisense vimentin cDNA combined with chondroitinase ABC promotes axon regeneration and functional recovery following spinal cord injury in rats. 25641132 6 60 theme injured 688:694 arg1 cord 703:706 injured spinal cord 688:706 injured spinal cord 688:706 We targeted glial scar in injured spinal cord by sustained infusion of ChABC and antisense vimentin cDNA. 25641132 2 61 theme dense 350:354 arg1 tissues 361:367 dense scar tissues 350:367 dense scar tissues 350:367 Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are mostly secreted by reactive astrocytes, which form dense scar tissues after SCI. 25641132 4 62 theme SCI 563:565 arg1 treatment 542:550 the treatment 538:550 the treatment of chronic SCI 538:565 However, to date ChABC has exhibited only limited success in the treatment of chronic SCI. 25369069 9 0 theme bocaiuva 1557:1564 arg1 oil 1566:1568 the bocaiuva oil 1553:1568 the bocaiuva oil 1553:1568 The microencapsulation by complex coacervation was shown to be a technique that favors the bioavailability and preservation of bioactive components of the bocaiuva oil. 25369069 8 1 theme diuretic 1373:1380 arg1 P<.01 1394:1398 P<.01 1394:1398 P<.01 1394:1398 The microencapsulated oil also showed antiedematogenic (P<.01) as well as diuretic activities (P<.01). 25369069 8 1 theme diuretic 1373:1380 arg1 activities 1382:1391 diuretic activities 1373:1391 antiedematogenic (P<.01) as well as diuretic activities (P<.01) 1337:1399 The microencapsulated oil also showed antiedematogenic (P<.01) as well as diuretic activities (P<.01). 25369069 9 2 theme components 1539:1548 arg1 bioavailability 1493:1507 bioavailability 1493:1507 bioavailability 1493:1507 The microencapsulation by complex coacervation was shown to be a technique that favors the bioavailability and preservation of bioactive components of the bocaiuva oil. 25369069 9 2 theme components 1539:1548 arg1 preservation 1513:1524 preservation 1513:1524 preservation 1513:1524 The microencapsulation by complex coacervation was shown to be a technique that favors the bioavailability and preservation of bioactive components of the bocaiuva oil. 25369069 4 3 theme obtained 675:682 arg1 results 684:690 The obtained results 671:690 The obtained results 671:690 The obtained results confirm the prevalence of monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%), especially oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%), in the oil from the bocaiuva pulp. 25369069 0 4 theme Arecaceae 87:95 arg1 Oil 98:100 the Microencapsulated Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) Oil 45:100 the Microencapsulated Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) Oil 45:100 Diuretic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Microencapsulated Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) Oil on Wistar Rats. 25369069 6 5 from cavity 1225:1230 arg1 rats 1235:1238 rats 1235:1238 rats 1235:1238 In addition, results show that the oral administration of the bocaiuva oil at 300 (P<.05) and 700 (P<.05) mg/kg doses significantly inhibited the leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan to the pleural cavity in rats. 25369069 4 6 from pulp 823:826 arg1 oil 801:803 the oil 797:803 the oil from the bocaiuva pulp 797:826 The obtained results confirm the prevalence of monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%), especially oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%), in the oil from the bocaiuva pulp. 25369069 4 6 from pulp 823:826 arg1 prevalence 704:713 the prevalence 700:713 the prevalence of monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%), especially oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%), in the oil from the bocaiuva pulp 700:826 The obtained results confirm the prevalence of monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%), especially oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%), in the oil from the bocaiuva pulp. 25369069 5 7 dep has 859:861 arg1 promoted 919:926 promoted 919:926 promoted a marked inhibition on the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01) 919:1018 The in natura A. aculeata oil has diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential, which promoted a marked inhibition on the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01). 25369069 1 8 theme cardiovascular 239:252 arg1 effect 275:280 a combined effect 264:280 a combined effect with diuretics that are also used for hypertension 264:331 Acrocomia aculeata, popularly known as "bocaiuva," is widely acknowledged in culinary and traditional medicines to treat cardiovascular diseases, a combined effect with diuretics that are also used for hypertension. 25369069 1 8 theme cardiovascular 239:252 arg1 diseases 254:261 cardiovascular diseases 239:261 cardiovascular diseases 239:261 Acrocomia aculeata, popularly known as "bocaiuva," is widely acknowledged in culinary and traditional medicines to treat cardiovascular diseases, a combined effect with diuretics that are also used for hypertension. 25369069 0 9 from Diuretic 0:7 arg1 Rats 112:115 Wistar Rats 105:115 Wistar Rats 105:115 Diuretic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Microencapsulated Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) Oil on Wistar Rats. 25369069 4 10 theme fatty 734:738 arg1 acids 740:744 monounsaturated fatty acids 718:744 monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%) 718:753 The obtained results confirm the prevalence of monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%), especially oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%), in the oil from the bocaiuva pulp. 25369069 4 10 theme fatty 734:738 arg1 % 752:752 68.51% 747:752 68.51% 747:752 The obtained results confirm the prevalence of monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%), especially oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%), in the oil from the bocaiuva pulp. 25369069 4 10 theme fatty 734:738 arg1 acid 773:776 oleic acid 767:776 oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%) 767:791 The obtained results confirm the prevalence of monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%), especially oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%), in the oil from the bocaiuva pulp. 25369069 0 11 theme Oil 98:100 arg1 Diuretic 0:7 Diuretic 0:7 Diuretic 0:7 Diuretic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Microencapsulated Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) Oil on Wistar Rats. 25369069 0 11 theme Oil 98:100 arg1 Activities 31:40 Anti-Inflammatory Activities 13:40 Anti-Inflammatory Activities 13:40 Diuretic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Microencapsulated Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) Oil on Wistar Rats. 25369069 7 12 theme % 1267:1267 arg1 % 1270:1270 91%±3% 1265:1270 91%±3% 1265:1270 The inhibitions equaled 91%±3% and 81%±16%, respectively. 25369069 5 13 theme % 996:996 arg1 % 999:999 67%±7% 994:999 67%±7% 994:999 The in natura A. aculeata oil has diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential, which promoted a marked inhibition on the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01). 25369069 3 14 theme fatty 506:510 arg1 acids 512:516 fatty acids 506:516 fatty acids of the pulp oil 506:532 This study intended to determine the composition of fatty acids of the pulp oil and evaluate the diuretic action and anti-inflammatory activity of the in natura and microencapsulated oil orally administrated on rats. 25369069 3 15 dep action 560:565 arg1 the 547:549 the 547:549 the 547:549 This study intended to determine the composition of fatty acids of the pulp oil and evaluate the diuretic action and anti-inflammatory activity of the in natura and microencapsulated oil orally administrated on rats. 25369069 1 16 theme bocaiuva 158:165 arg1 " 167:167 "bocaiuva," 157:167 " 167:167 Acrocomia aculeata, popularly known as "bocaiuva," is widely acknowledged in culinary and traditional medicines to treat cardiovascular diseases, a combined effect with diuretics that are also used for hypertension. 25369069 0 17 theme Wistar 105:110 arg1 Rats 112:115 Wistar Rats 105:115 Wistar Rats 105:115 Diuretic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Microencapsulated Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) Oil on Wistar Rats. 25369069 5 18 theme ±7 997:998 arg1 % 999:999 67%±7% 994:999 67%±7% 994:999 The in natura A. aculeata oil has diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential, which promoted a marked inhibition on the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01). 25369069 1 19 with effect 275:280 arg1 diuretics 287:295 diuretics 287:295 diuretics that are also used for hypertension 287:331 Acrocomia aculeata, popularly known as "bocaiuva," is widely acknowledged in culinary and traditional medicines to treat cardiovascular diseases, a combined effect with diuretics that are also used for hypertension. 25369069 3 20 theme acids 512:516 arg1 composition 491:501 the composition 487:501 the composition of fatty acids of the pulp oil 487:532 This study intended to determine the composition of fatty acids of the pulp oil and evaluate the diuretic action and anti-inflammatory activity of the in natura and microencapsulated oil orally administrated on rats. 25369069 9 21 theme oil 1566:1568 arg1 components 1539:1548 bioactive components 1529:1548 bioactive components of the bocaiuva oil 1529:1568 The microencapsulation by complex coacervation was shown to be a technique that favors the bioavailability and preservation of bioactive components of the bocaiuva oil. 25369069 6 22 theme 300 1099:1101 arg1 doses 1133:1137 300 (P<.05) and 700 (P<.05) mg/kg doses 1099:1137 300 (P<.05) and 700 (P<.05) mg/kg doses 1099:1137 In addition, results show that the oral administration of the bocaiuva oil at 300 (P<.05) and 700 (P<.05) mg/kg doses significantly inhibited the leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan to the pleural cavity in rats. 25369069 4 23 theme monounsaturated 718:732 arg1 acids 740:744 monounsaturated fatty acids 718:744 monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%) 718:753 The obtained results confirm the prevalence of monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%), especially oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%), in the oil from the bocaiuva pulp. 25369069 4 23 theme monounsaturated 718:732 arg1 % 752:752 68.51% 747:752 68.51% 747:752 The obtained results confirm the prevalence of monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%), especially oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%), in the oil from the bocaiuva pulp. 25369069 4 23 theme monounsaturated 718:732 arg1 acid 773:776 oleic acid 767:776 oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%) 767:791 The obtained results confirm the prevalence of monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%), especially oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%), in the oil from the bocaiuva pulp. 25369069 6 24 theme mg/kg 1127:1131 arg1 doses 1133:1137 300 (P<.05) and 700 (P<.05) mg/kg doses 1099:1137 300 (P<.05) and 700 (P<.05) mg/kg doses 1099:1137 In addition, results show that the oral administration of the bocaiuva oil at 300 (P<.05) and 700 (P<.05) mg/kg doses significantly inhibited the leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan to the pleural cavity in rats. 25369069 2 25 theme scientific 356:365 arg1 data 367:370 no scientific data 353:370 no scientific data published to support its use as functional food and its ethnopharmacological use 353:451 However, there are no scientific data published to support its use as functional food and its ethnopharmacological use. 25369069 8 26 theme microencapsulated 1303:1319 arg1 oil 1321:1323 The microencapsulated oil 1299:1323 The microencapsulated oil 1299:1323 The microencapsulated oil also showed antiedematogenic (P<.01) as well as diuretic activities (P<.01). 25369069 7 27 dep % 1278:1278 arg1 % 1282:1282 ±16% 1279:1282 81%±16% 1276:1282 The inhibitions equaled 91%±3% and 81%±16%, respectively. 25369069 5 28 from inhibition 937:946 arg1 edema 964:968 the hind paw edema 951:968 the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01) 951:1018 The in natura A. aculeata oil has diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential, which promoted a marked inhibition on the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01). 25369069 6 29 theme 700 1115:1117 arg1 doses 1133:1137 300 (P<.05) and 700 (P<.05) mg/kg doses 1099:1137 300 (P<.05) and 700 (P<.05) mg/kg doses 1099:1137 In addition, results show that the oral administration of the bocaiuva oil at 300 (P<.05) and 700 (P<.05) mg/kg doses significantly inhibited the leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan to the pleural cavity in rats. 25369069 2 30 theme functional 404:413 arg1 food 415:418 functional food 404:418 functional food 404:418 However, there are no scientific data published to support its use as functional food and its ethnopharmacological use. 25369069 1 31 theme combined 266:273 arg1 effect 275:280 a combined effect 264:280 a combined effect with diuretics that are also used for hypertension 264:331 Acrocomia aculeata, popularly known as "bocaiuva," is widely acknowledged in culinary and traditional medicines to treat cardiovascular diseases, a combined effect with diuretics that are also used for hypertension. 25369069 1 31 theme combined 266:273 arg1 diseases 254:261 cardiovascular diseases 239:261 cardiovascular diseases 239:261 Acrocomia aculeata, popularly known as "bocaiuva," is widely acknowledged in culinary and traditional medicines to treat cardiovascular diseases, a combined effect with diuretics that are also used for hypertension. 25369069 6 32 theme leukocyte 1167:1175 arg1 migration 1177:1185 the leukocyte migration 1163:1185 the leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan to the pleural cavity in rats 1163:1238 In addition, results show that the oral administration of the bocaiuva oil at 300 (P<.05) and 700 (P<.05) mg/kg doses significantly inhibited the leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan to the pleural cavity in rats. 25369069 4 33 theme % 784:784 arg1 % 790:790 65.68%±1.05% 779:790 65.68%±1.05% 779:790 The obtained results confirm the prevalence of monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%), especially oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%), in the oil from the bocaiuva pulp. 25369069 4 33 theme % 784:784 arg1 acid 773:776 oleic acid 767:776 oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%) 767:791 The obtained results confirm the prevalence of monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%), especially oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%), in the oil from the bocaiuva pulp. 25369069 3 34 theme pulp 525:528 arg1 oil 530:532 the pulp oil 521:532 the pulp oil 521:532 This study intended to determine the composition of fatty acids of the pulp oil and evaluate the diuretic action and anti-inflammatory activity of the in natura and microencapsulated oil orally administrated on rats. 25369069 0 35 theme Anti-Inflammatory 13:29 arg1 Activities 31:40 Anti-Inflammatory Activities 13:40 Anti-Inflammatory Activities 13:40 Diuretic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Microencapsulated Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) Oil on Wistar Rats. 25369069 5 36 theme diuretic 863:870 arg1 potential 902:910 diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential 863:910 diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential 863:910 The in natura A. aculeata oil has diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential, which promoted a marked inhibition on the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01). 25369069 3 37 theme oil 530:532 arg1 acids 512:516 fatty acids 506:516 fatty acids of the pulp oil 506:532 This study intended to determine the composition of fatty acids of the pulp oil and evaluate the diuretic action and anti-inflammatory activity of the in natura and microencapsulated oil orally administrated on rats. 25369069 5 38 contain has 859:861 arg2 potential 902:910 diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential 863:910 diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential 863:910 The in natura A. aculeata oil has diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential, which promoted a marked inhibition on the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01). 25369069 5 38 contain has 859:861 arg1 oil 855:857 The in natura A. aculeata oil 829:857 The in natura A. aculeata oil 829:857 The in natura A. aculeata oil has diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential, which promoted a marked inhibition on the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01). 25369069 5 39 theme natura 836:841 arg1 oil 855:857 The in natura A. aculeata oil 829:857 The in natura A. aculeata oil 829:857 The in natura A. aculeata oil has diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential, which promoted a marked inhibition on the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01). 25369069 3 40 theme microencapsulated 619:635 arg1 oil 637:639 the in natura and microencapsulated oil 601:639 the in natura and microencapsulated oil orally 601:646 This study intended to determine the composition of fatty acids of the pulp oil and evaluate the diuretic action and anti-inflammatory activity of the in natura and microencapsulated oil orally administrated on rats. 25369069 6 41 theme oil 1092:1094 arg1 administration 1061:1074 the oral administration 1052:1074 the oral administration of the bocaiuva oil at 300 (P<.05) and 700 (P<.05) mg/kg doses 1052:1137 In addition, results show that the oral administration of the bocaiuva oil at 300 (P<.05) and 700 (P<.05) mg/kg doses significantly inhibited the leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan to the pleural cavity in rats. 25369069 6 42 theme pleural 1217:1223 arg1 cavity 1225:1230 the pleural cavity 1213:1230 the pleural cavity in rats 1213:1238 In addition, results show that the oral administration of the bocaiuva oil at 300 (P<.05) and 700 (P<.05) mg/kg doses significantly inhibited the leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan to the pleural cavity in rats. 25369069 3 43 theme in 605:606 arg1 oil 637:639 the in natura and microencapsulated oil 601:639 the in natura and microencapsulated oil orally 601:646 This study intended to determine the composition of fatty acids of the pulp oil and evaluate the diuretic action and anti-inflammatory activity of the in natura and microencapsulated oil orally administrated on rats. 25369069 5 44 theme marked 930:935 arg1 inhibition 937:946 a marked inhibition 928:946 a marked inhibition on the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01) 928:1018 The in natura A. aculeata oil has diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential, which promoted a marked inhibition on the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01). 25369069 1 45 theme culinary 195:202 arg1 medicines 220:228 culinary and traditional medicines 195:228 culinary and traditional medicines 195:228 Acrocomia aculeata, popularly known as "bocaiuva," is widely acknowledged in culinary and traditional medicines to treat cardiovascular diseases, a combined effect with diuretics that are also used for hypertension. 25369069 2 46 theme ethnopharmacological 428:447 arg1 use 449:451 its ethnopharmacological use 424:451 its ethnopharmacological use 424:451 However, there are no scientific data published to support its use as functional food and its ethnopharmacological use. 25369069 0 47 theme aculeata 77:84 arg1 Oil 98:100 the Microencapsulated Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) Oil 45:100 the Microencapsulated Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) Oil 45:100 Diuretic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Microencapsulated Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) Oil on Wistar Rats. 25369069 5 48 theme in 833:834 arg1 oil 855:857 The in natura A. aculeata oil 829:857 The in natura A. aculeata oil 829:857 The in natura A. aculeata oil has diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential, which promoted a marked inhibition on the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01). 25369069 0 49 theme Microencapsulated 49:65 arg1 Oil 98:100 the Microencapsulated Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) Oil 45:100 the Microencapsulated Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) Oil 45:100 Diuretic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Microencapsulated Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) Oil on Wistar Rats. 25369069 6 50 from doses 1133:1137 arg1 administration 1061:1074 the oral administration 1052:1074 the oral administration of the bocaiuva oil at 300 (P<.05) and 700 (P<.05) mg/kg doses 1052:1137 In addition, results show that the oral administration of the bocaiuva oil at 300 (P<.05) and 700 (P<.05) mg/kg doses significantly inhibited the leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan to the pleural cavity in rats. 25369069 4 51 theme bocaiuva 814:821 arg1 pulp 823:826 the bocaiuva pulp 810:826 the bocaiuva pulp 810:826 The obtained results confirm the prevalence of monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%), especially oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%), in the oil from the bocaiuva pulp. 25369069 3 52 theme diuretic 551:558 arg1 action 560:565 diuretic action 551:565 diuretic action 551:565 This study intended to determine the composition of fatty acids of the pulp oil and evaluate the diuretic action and anti-inflammatory activity of the in natura and microencapsulated oil orally administrated on rats. 25369069 1 53 theme Acrocomia 118:126 arg1 aculeata 128:135 Acrocomia aculeata 118:135 Acrocomia aculeata 118:135 Acrocomia aculeata, popularly known as "bocaiuva," is widely acknowledged in culinary and traditional medicines to treat cardiovascular diseases, a combined effect with diuretics that are also used for hypertension. 25369069 4 54 from prevalence 704:713 arg1 oil 801:803 the oil 797:803 the oil from the bocaiuva pulp 797:826 The obtained results confirm the prevalence of monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%), especially oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%), in the oil from the bocaiuva pulp. 25369069 4 54 from prevalence 704:713 arg1 pulp 823:826 the bocaiuva pulp 810:826 the bocaiuva pulp 810:826 The obtained results confirm the prevalence of monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%), especially oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%), in the oil from the bocaiuva pulp. 25369069 1 55 used used 311:314 arg2 diuretics 287:295 diuretics 287:295 diuretics that are also used for hypertension 287:331 Acrocomia aculeata, popularly known as "bocaiuva," is widely acknowledged in culinary and traditional medicines to treat cardiovascular diseases, a combined effect with diuretics that are also used for hypertension. 25369069 9 56 theme bioactive 1529:1537 arg1 components 1539:1548 bioactive components 1529:1548 bioactive components of the bocaiuva oil 1529:1568 The microencapsulation by complex coacervation was shown to be a technique that favors the bioavailability and preservation of bioactive components of the bocaiuva oil. 25369069 5 57 theme hind 955:958 arg1 edema 964:968 the hind paw edema 951:968 the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01) 951:1018 The in natura A. aculeata oil has diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential, which promoted a marked inhibition on the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01). 25369069 6 58 theme bocaiuva 1083:1090 arg1 oil 1092:1094 the bocaiuva oil 1079:1094 the bocaiuva oil 1079:1094 In addition, results show that the oral administration of the bocaiuva oil at 300 (P<.05) and 700 (P<.05) mg/kg doses significantly inhibited the leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan to the pleural cavity in rats. 25369069 5 59 theme A. 843:844 arg1 oil 855:857 The in natura A. aculeata oil 829:857 The in natura A. aculeata oil 829:857 The in natura A. aculeata oil has diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential, which promoted a marked inhibition on the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01). 25369069 4 60 theme acids 740:744 arg1 prevalence 704:713 the prevalence 700:713 the prevalence of monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%), especially oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%), in the oil from the bocaiuva pulp 700:826 The obtained results confirm the prevalence of monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%), especially oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%), in the oil from the bocaiuva pulp. 25369069 3 61 dep in 605:606 arg1 natura 608:613 natura 608:613 natura 608:613 This study intended to determine the composition of fatty acids of the pulp oil and evaluate the diuretic action and anti-inflammatory activity of the in natura and microencapsulated oil orally administrated on rats. 25369069 5 62 theme anti-inflammatory 884:900 arg1 potential 902:910 diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential 863:910 diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential 863:910 The in natura A. aculeata oil has diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential, which promoted a marked inhibition on the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01). 25369069 3 63 theme oil 637:639 arg1 action 560:565 diuretic action 551:565 diuretic action 551:565 This study intended to determine the composition of fatty acids of the pulp oil and evaluate the diuretic action and anti-inflammatory activity of the in natura and microencapsulated oil orally administrated on rats. 25369069 3 63 theme oil 637:639 arg1 activity 589:596 anti-inflammatory activity 571:596 anti-inflammatory activity 571:596 This study intended to determine the composition of fatty acids of the pulp oil and evaluate the diuretic action and anti-inflammatory activity of the in natura and microencapsulated oil orally administrated on rats. 25369069 6 64 theme oral 1056:1059 arg1 administration 1061:1074 the oral administration 1052:1074 the oral administration of the bocaiuva oil at 300 (P<.05) and 700 (P<.05) mg/kg doses 1052:1137 In addition, results show that the oral administration of the bocaiuva oil at 300 (P<.05) and 700 (P<.05) mg/kg doses significantly inhibited the leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan to the pleural cavity in rats. 25369069 5 65 theme aculeata 846:853 arg1 oil 855:857 The in natura A. aculeata oil 829:857 The in natura A. aculeata oil 829:857 The in natura A. aculeata oil has diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential, which promoted a marked inhibition on the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01). 25369069 5 66 theme paw 960:962 arg1 edema 964:968 the hind paw edema 951:968 the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01) 951:1018 The in natura A. aculeata oil has diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential, which promoted a marked inhibition on the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01). 25369069 1 67 theme traditional 208:218 arg1 medicines 220:228 culinary and traditional medicines 195:228 culinary and traditional medicines 195:228 Acrocomia aculeata, popularly known as "bocaiuva," is widely acknowledged in culinary and traditional medicines to treat cardiovascular diseases, a combined effect with diuretics that are also used for hypertension. 25369069 9 68 dep bioavailability 1493:1507 arg1 the 1489:1491 the 1489:1491 the 1489:1491 The microencapsulation by complex coacervation was shown to be a technique that favors the bioavailability and preservation of bioactive components of the bocaiuva oil. 25369069 3 69 theme anti-inflammatory 571:587 arg1 activity 589:596 anti-inflammatory activity 571:596 anti-inflammatory activity 571:596 This study intended to determine the composition of fatty acids of the pulp oil and evaluate the diuretic action and anti-inflammatory activity of the in natura and microencapsulated oil orally administrated on rats. 25369069 5 70 dep diuretic 863:870 arg1 P<.01 873:877 P<.01 873:877 P<.01 873:877 The in natura A. aculeata oil has diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential, which promoted a marked inhibition on the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01). 25369069 0 71 theme Acrocomia 67:75 arg1 Oil 98:100 the Microencapsulated Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) Oil 45:100 the Microencapsulated Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) Oil 45:100 Diuretic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Microencapsulated Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) Oil on Wistar Rats. 25369069 0 72 from Activities 31:40 arg1 Rats 112:115 Wistar Rats 105:115 Wistar Rats 105:115 Diuretic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Microencapsulated Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) Oil on Wistar Rats. 25369069 4 73 theme oleic 767:771 arg1 % 790:790 65.68%±1.05% 779:790 65.68%±1.05% 779:790 The obtained results confirm the prevalence of monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%), especially oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%), in the oil from the bocaiuva pulp. 25369069 4 73 theme oleic 767:771 arg1 acid 773:776 oleic acid 767:776 oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%) 767:791 The obtained results confirm the prevalence of monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%), especially oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%), in the oil from the bocaiuva pulp. 25369069 4 73 theme oleic 767:771 arg1 acids 740:744 monounsaturated fatty acids 718:744 monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%) 718:753 The obtained results confirm the prevalence of monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%), especially oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%), in the oil from the bocaiuva pulp. 25369069 5 74 dep carrageenan 981:991 arg1 % 999:999 67%±7% 994:999 67%±7% 994:999 The in natura A. aculeata oil has diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential, which promoted a marked inhibition on the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01). 25369069 9 75 theme complex 1428:1434 arg1 coacervation 1436:1447 complex coacervation 1428:1447 complex coacervation 1428:1447 The microencapsulation by complex coacervation was shown to be a technique that favors the bioavailability and preservation of bioactive components of the bocaiuva oil. 24277860 5 0 theme Bacillus 602:609 arg1 IAM 618:620 Bacillus lentus IAM 12466 602:626 Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%) 602:637 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CJ32(T) was associated with the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) and Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%). 24277860 5 0 theme Bacillus 602:609 arg1 T 628:628 T 628:628 T 628:628 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CJ32(T) was associated with the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) and Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%). 24277860 5 0 theme Bacillus 602:609 arg1 % 636:636 97.1% 632:636 97.1% 632:636 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CJ32(T) was associated with the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) and Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%). 24277860 4 1 theme agar 382:385 arg1 plates 387:392 LB agar plates 379:392 LB agar plates 379:392 Colonies of strain CJ32(T) were beige and circular with an entire margin on LB agar plates. 24277860 5 2 theme 16S 426:428 arg1 sequences 440:448 16S rRNA gene sequences 426:448 16S rRNA gene sequences 426:448 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CJ32(T) was associated with the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) and Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%). 24277860 10 3 theme CJ32 1106:1109 arg1 acids 1090:1094 The predominant fatty acids 1068:1094 The predominant fatty acids of strain CJ32(T) 1068:1112 The predominant fatty acids of strain CJ32(T) were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24277860 10 3 theme CJ32 1106:1109 arg1 iso-C15:0 1119:1127 iso-C15:0 1119:1127 iso-C15:0 1119:1127 The predominant fatty acids of strain CJ32(T) were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24277860 10 4 theme predominant 1072:1082 arg1 acids 1090:1094 The predominant fatty acids 1068:1094 The predominant fatty acids of strain CJ32(T) 1068:1112 The predominant fatty acids of strain CJ32(T) were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24277860 10 4 theme predominant 1072:1082 arg1 iso-C15:0 1119:1127 iso-C15:0 1119:1127 iso-C15:0 1119:1127 The predominant fatty acids of strain CJ32(T) were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24277860 3 5 theme 2 277:277 arg1 % 278:278 % 278:278 % 278:278 The isolate grew optimally at 30 °C, 2% (w/v) NaCl and pH 7.0. 24277860 2 6 theme anaerobic 106:114 arg1 CJ32 179:182 designated strain CJ32 161:182 designated strain CJ32(T) 161:185 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CJ32(T), was isolated from ginseng soil at Geumsan in Korea. 24277860 2 6 theme anaerobic 106:114 arg1 bacterium 150:158 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 58:158 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 58:158 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CJ32(T), was isolated from ginseng soil at Geumsan in Korea. 24277860 4 7 theme strain 315:320 arg1 T 327:327 T 327:327 T 327:327 Colonies of strain CJ32(T) were beige and circular with an entire margin on LB agar plates. 24277860 4 7 theme strain 315:320 arg1 CJ32 322:325 strain CJ32 315:325 strain CJ32(T) 315:328 Colonies of strain CJ32(T) were beige and circular with an entire margin on LB agar plates. 24277860 12 8 dep genus 1318:1322 arg1 Bacillus 1324:1331 the genus Bacillus 1314:1331 the genus Bacillus 1314:1331 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain CJ32(T) should be classified within a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus panacisoli sp. 24277860 9 9 theme strain 875:880 arg1 T 887:887 T 887:887 T 887:887 The polar lipid profile of strain CJ32(T) consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and several unidentified lipids, including phospholipids, aminolipids and aminophospholipids. 24277860 9 9 theme strain 875:880 arg1 CJ32 882:885 strain CJ32 875:885 strain CJ32(T) 875:888 The polar lipid profile of strain CJ32(T) consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and several unidentified lipids, including phospholipids, aminolipids and aminophospholipids. 24277860 12 10 theme genus 1318:1322 arg1 species 1303:1309 a novel species 1295:1309 a novel species 1295:1309 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain CJ32(T) should be classified within a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus panacisoli sp. 24277860 14 11 theme type 1399:1402 arg1 strain 1404:1409 The type strain 1395:1409 The type strain 1395:1409 The type strain is strain CJ32(T) ( = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226(T)). 24277860 14 11 theme type 1399:1402 arg1 CJ32 1421:1424 strain CJ32 1414:1424 strain CJ32(T) ( = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226(T)) 1414:1461 The type strain is strain CJ32(T) ( = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226(T)). 24277860 12 12 theme genotypic 1219:1227 arg1 data 1246:1249 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data 1207:1249 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data 1207:1249 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain CJ32(T) should be classified within a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus panacisoli sp. 24277860 8 13 theme diagnostic 763:772 arg1 acid 782:785 The diagnostic diamino acid 759:785 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 759:816 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24277860 8 13 theme diagnostic 763:772 arg1 acid 842:845 meso-diaminopimelic acid 822:845 meso-diaminopimelic acid 822:845 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24277860 5 14 theme 97.3 580:583 arg1 % 584:584 % 584:584 % 584:584 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CJ32(T) was associated with the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) and Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%). 24277860 14 15 theme strain 1414:1419 arg1 T 1426:1426 T 1426:1426 T 1426:1426 The type strain is strain CJ32(T) ( = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226(T)). 24277860 14 15 theme strain 1414:1419 arg1 strain 1404:1409 The type strain 1395:1409 The type strain 1395:1409 The type strain is strain CJ32(T) ( = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226(T)). 24277860 14 15 theme strain 1414:1419 arg1 CJ32 1421:1424 strain CJ32 1414:1424 strain CJ32(T) ( = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226(T)) 1414:1461 The type strain is strain CJ32(T) ( = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226(T)). 24277860 5 16 theme gene 435:438 arg1 sequences 440:448 16S rRNA gene sequences 426:448 16S rRNA gene sequences 426:448 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CJ32(T) was associated with the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) and Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%). 24277860 8 17 theme cell-wall 794:802 arg1 peptidoglycan 804:816 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 790:816 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 790:816 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24277860 5 18 theme % 584:584 arg1 similarity 586:595 97.3% similarity 580:595 97.3% similarity 580:595 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CJ32(T) was associated with the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) and Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%). 24277860 5 18 theme % 584:584 arg1 YC6957 569:574 Bacillus graminis YC6957 551:574 Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) 551:596 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CJ32(T) was associated with the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) and Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%). 24277860 4 19 theme entire 362:367 arg1 margin 369:374 an entire margin 359:374 an entire margin on LB agar plates 359:392 Colonies of strain CJ32(T) were beige and circular with an entire margin on LB agar plates. 24277860 11 20 theme G+C 1152:1154 arg1 % 1195:1195 35.1 mol% 1187:1195 35.1 mol% 1187:1195 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 35.1 mol%. 24277860 11 20 theme G+C 1152:1154 arg1 content 1156:1162 The G+C content 1148:1162 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1148:1181 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 35.1 mol%. 24277860 4 21 theme CJ32 322:325 arg1 Colonies 303:310 Colonies 303:310 Colonies of strain CJ32(T) 303:328 Colonies of strain CJ32(T) were beige and circular with an entire margin on LB agar plates. 24277860 12 22 theme phylogenetic 1233:1244 arg1 data 1246:1249 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data 1207:1249 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data 1207:1249 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain CJ32(T) should be classified within a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus panacisoli sp. 24277860 2 23 theme rod-shaped 139:148 arg1 CJ32 179:182 designated strain CJ32 161:182 designated strain CJ32(T) 161:185 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CJ32(T), was isolated from ginseng soil at Geumsan in Korea. 24277860 2 23 theme rod-shaped 139:148 arg1 bacterium 150:158 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 58:158 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 58:158 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CJ32(T), was isolated from ginseng soil at Geumsan in Korea. 24277860 11 24 theme DNA 1179:1181 arg1 % 1195:1195 35.1 mol% 1187:1195 35.1 mol% 1187:1195 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 35.1 mol%. 24277860 11 24 theme DNA 1179:1181 arg1 content 1156:1162 The G+C content 1148:1162 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1148:1181 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 35.1 mol%. 24277860 0 25 theme panacisoli 9:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Bacillus panacisoli sp 0:21 Bacillus panacisoli sp. 0:22 Bacillus panacisoli sp. 24277860 5 26 theme lentus 611:616 arg1 IAM 618:620 Bacillus lentus IAM 12466 602:626 Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%) 602:637 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CJ32(T) was associated with the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) and Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%). 24277860 5 26 theme lentus 611:616 arg1 T 628:628 T 628:628 T 628:628 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CJ32(T) was associated with the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) and Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%). 24277860 5 26 theme lentus 611:616 arg1 % 636:636 97.1% 632:636 97.1% 632:636 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CJ32(T) was associated with the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) and Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%). 24277860 4 27 from margin 369:374 arg1 plates 387:392 LB agar plates 379:392 LB agar plates 379:392 Colonies of strain CJ32(T) were beige and circular with an entire margin on LB agar plates. 24277860 5 28 theme strain 465:470 arg1 CJ32 472:475 strain CJ32 465:475 strain CJ32(T) 465:478 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CJ32(T) was associated with the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) and Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%). 24277860 5 28 theme strain 465:470 arg1 T 477:477 T 477:477 T 477:477 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CJ32(T) was associated with the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) and Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%). 24277860 5 29 theme Phylogenetic 395:406 arg1 analysis 408:415 Phylogenetic analysis 395:415 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 395:448 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CJ32(T) was associated with the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) and Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%). 24277860 0 30 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 20:21 Bacillus panacisoli sp 0:21 Bacillus panacisoli sp. 0:22 Bacillus panacisoli sp. 24277860 7 31 theme isoprenoid 730:739 arg1 MK-7 753:756 MK-7 753:756 MK-7 753:756 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 24277860 7 31 theme isoprenoid 730:739 arg1 quinone 741:747 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone 708:747 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone 708:747 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 24277860 12 32 theme novel 1297:1301 arg1 species 1303:1309 a novel species 1295:1309 a novel species 1295:1309 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain CJ32(T) should be classified within a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus panacisoli sp. 24277860 14 33 theme  = JCM 1446:1451 arg1 T 1459:1459 T 1459:1459 T 1459:1459 The type strain is strain CJ32(T) ( = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226(T)). 24277860 14 33 theme  = JCM 1446:1451 arg1 19226 1453:1457  = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226 1430:1457  = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226(T) 1430:1460 The type strain is strain CJ32(T) ( = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226(T)). 24277860 8 34 theme meso-diaminopimelic 822:840 arg1 acid 782:785 The diagnostic diamino acid 759:785 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 759:816 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24277860 8 34 theme meso-diaminopimelic 822:840 arg1 acid 842:845 meso-diaminopimelic acid 822:845 meso-diaminopimelic acid 822:845 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24277860 12 35 theme phenotypic 1207:1216 arg1 data 1246:1249 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data 1207:1249 phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data 1207:1249 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain CJ32(T) should be classified within a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus panacisoli sp. 24277860 4 36 with beige 335:339 arg1 margin 369:374 an entire margin 359:374 an entire margin on LB agar plates 359:392 Colonies of strain CJ32(T) were beige and circular with an entire margin on LB agar plates. 24277860 11 37 theme mol 1192:1194 arg1 content 1156:1162 The G+C content 1148:1162 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1148:1181 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 35.1 mol%. 24277860 11 37 theme mol 1192:1194 arg1 % 1195:1195 35.1 mol% 1187:1195 35.1 mol% 1187:1195 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 35.1 mol%. 24277860 3 38 dep % 278:278 arg1 w/v 281:283 w/v 281:283 w/v 281:283 The isolate grew optimally at 30 °C, 2% (w/v) NaCl and pH 7.0. 24277860 6 39 theme related 675:681 arg1 strains 683:689 closely related strains 667:689 closely related strains 667:689 DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related strains was below 31.3%. 24277860 10 40 theme fatty 1084:1088 arg1 acids 1090:1094 The predominant fatty acids 1068:1094 The predominant fatty acids of strain CJ32(T) 1068:1112 The predominant fatty acids of strain CJ32(T) were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24277860 10 40 theme fatty 1084:1088 arg1 iso-C15:0 1119:1127 iso-C15:0 1119:1127 iso-C15:0 1119:1127 The predominant fatty acids of strain CJ32(T) were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24277860 6 41 with hybridization 648:660 arg1 strains 683:689 closely related strains 667:689 closely related strains 667:689 DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related strains was below 31.3%. 24277860 10 42 theme strain 1099:1104 arg1 T 1111:1111 T 1111:1111 T 1111:1111 The predominant fatty acids of strain CJ32(T) were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24277860 10 42 theme strain 1099:1104 arg1 CJ32 1106:1109 strain CJ32 1099:1109 strain CJ32(T) 1099:1112 The predominant fatty acids of strain CJ32(T) were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24277860 2 43 theme strain 172:177 arg1 CJ32 179:182 designated strain CJ32 161:182 designated strain CJ32(T) 161:185 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CJ32(T), was isolated from ginseng soil at Geumsan in Korea. 24277860 2 43 theme strain 172:177 arg1 bacterium 150:158 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 58:158 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 58:158 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CJ32(T), was isolated from ginseng soil at Geumsan in Korea. 24277860 2 43 theme strain 172:177 arg1 T 184:184 T 184:184 T 184:184 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CJ32(T), was isolated from ginseng soil at Geumsan in Korea. 24277860 12 44 theme strain 1252:1257 arg1 T 1264:1264 T 1264:1264 T 1264:1264 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain CJ32(T) should be classified within a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus panacisoli sp. 24277860 12 44 theme strain 1252:1257 arg1 CJ32 1259:1262 strain CJ32 1252:1262 strain CJ32(T) 1252:1265 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain CJ32(T) should be classified within a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus panacisoli sp. 24277860 5 45 theme rRNA 430:433 arg1 sequences 440:448 16S rRNA gene sequences 426:448 16S rRNA gene sequences 426:448 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CJ32(T) was associated with the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) and Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%). 24277860 2 46 theme motile 84:89 arg1 CJ32 179:182 designated strain CJ32 161:182 designated strain CJ32(T) 161:185 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CJ32(T), was isolated from ginseng soil at Geumsan in Korea. 24277860 2 46 theme motile 84:89 arg1 bacterium 150:158 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 58:158 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 58:158 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CJ32(T), was isolated from ginseng soil at Geumsan in Korea. 24277860 2 47 theme designated 161:170 arg1 CJ32 179:182 designated strain CJ32 161:182 designated strain CJ32(T) 161:185 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CJ32(T), was isolated from ginseng soil at Geumsan in Korea. 24277860 2 47 theme designated 161:170 arg1 bacterium 150:158 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 58:158 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 58:158 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CJ32(T), was isolated from ginseng soil at Geumsan in Korea. 24277860 2 47 theme designated 161:170 arg1 T 184:184 T 184:184 T 184:184 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CJ32(T), was isolated from ginseng soil at Geumsan in Korea. 24277860 4 48 theme LB 379:380 arg1 plates 387:392 LB agar plates 379:392 LB agar plates 379:392 Colonies of strain CJ32(T) were beige and circular with an entire margin on LB agar plates. 24277860 14 49 dep CJ32 1421:1424 arg1 T 1459:1459 T 1459:1459 T 1459:1459 The type strain is strain CJ32(T) ( = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226(T)). 24277860 14 49 dep CJ32 1421:1424 arg1 19226 1453:1457  = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226 1430:1457  = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226(T) 1430:1460 The type strain is strain CJ32(T) ( = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226(T)). 24277860 7 50 theme major 712:716 arg1 MK-7 753:756 MK-7 753:756 MK-7 753:756 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 24277860 7 50 theme major 712:716 arg1 quinone 741:747 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone 708:747 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone 708:747 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 24277860 2 51 theme Gram-staining-positive 60:81 arg1 CJ32 179:182 designated strain CJ32 161:182 designated strain CJ32(T) 161:185 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CJ32(T), was isolated from ginseng soil at Geumsan in Korea. 24277860 2 51 theme Gram-staining-positive 60:81 arg1 bacterium 150:158 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 58:158 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 58:158 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CJ32(T), was isolated from ginseng soil at Geumsan in Korea. 24277860 5 52 theme Bacillus 551:558 arg1 similarity 586:595 97.3% similarity 580:595 97.3% similarity 580:595 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CJ32(T) was associated with the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) and Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%). 24277860 5 52 theme Bacillus 551:558 arg1 T 576:576 T 576:576 T 576:576 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CJ32(T) was associated with the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) and Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%). 24277860 5 52 theme Bacillus 551:558 arg1 YC6957 569:574 Bacillus graminis YC6957 551:574 Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) 551:596 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CJ32(T) was associated with the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) and Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%). 24277860 6 53 theme DNA-DNA 640:646 arg1 hybridization 648:660 DNA-DNA hybridization 640:660 DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related strains 640:689 DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related strains was below 31.3%. 24277860 9 54 theme several 978:984 arg1 aminolipids 1032:1042 aminolipids 1032:1042 aminolipids 1032:1042 The polar lipid profile of strain CJ32(T) consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and several unidentified lipids, including phospholipids, aminolipids and aminophospholipids. 24277860 9 54 theme several 978:984 arg1 lipids 999:1004 several unidentified lipids 978:1004 several unidentified lipids 978:1004 The polar lipid profile of strain CJ32(T) consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and several unidentified lipids, including phospholipids, aminolipids and aminophospholipids. 24277860 9 54 theme several 978:984 arg1 phospholipids 1017:1029 phospholipids 1017:1029 phospholipids 1017:1029 The polar lipid profile of strain CJ32(T) consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and several unidentified lipids, including phospholipids, aminolipids and aminophospholipids. 24277860 9 54 theme several 978:984 arg1 aminophospholipids 1048:1065 aminophospholipids 1048:1065 aminophospholipids 1048:1065 The polar lipid profile of strain CJ32(T) consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and several unidentified lipids, including phospholipids, aminolipids and aminophospholipids. 24277860 7 55 theme respiratory 718:728 arg1 MK-7 753:756 MK-7 753:756 MK-7 753:756 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 24277860 7 55 theme respiratory 718:728 arg1 quinone 741:747 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone 708:747 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone 708:747 The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 24277860 5 56 theme graminis 560:567 arg1 similarity 586:595 97.3% similarity 580:595 97.3% similarity 580:595 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CJ32(T) was associated with the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) and Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%). 24277860 5 56 theme graminis 560:567 arg1 T 576:576 T 576:576 T 576:576 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CJ32(T) was associated with the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) and Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%). 24277860 5 56 theme graminis 560:567 arg1 YC6957 569:574 Bacillus graminis YC6957 551:574 Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) 551:596 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CJ32(T) was associated with the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus graminis YC6957(T) (97.3% similarity) and Bacillus lentus IAM 12466(T) (97.1%). 24277860 14 57 theme  = KACC 1430:1436 arg1 T 1459:1459 T 1459:1459 T 1459:1459 The type strain is strain CJ32(T) ( = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226(T)). 24277860 14 57 theme  = KACC 1430:1436 arg1 19226 1453:1457  = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226 1430:1457  = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226(T) 1430:1460 The type strain is strain CJ32(T) ( = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226(T)). 24277860 9 58 theme unidentified 986:997 arg1 aminolipids 1032:1042 aminolipids 1032:1042 aminolipids 1032:1042 The polar lipid profile of strain CJ32(T) consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and several unidentified lipids, including phospholipids, aminolipids and aminophospholipids. 24277860 9 58 theme unidentified 986:997 arg1 lipids 999:1004 several unidentified lipids 978:1004 several unidentified lipids 978:1004 The polar lipid profile of strain CJ32(T) consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and several unidentified lipids, including phospholipids, aminolipids and aminophospholipids. 24277860 9 58 theme unidentified 986:997 arg1 phospholipids 1017:1029 phospholipids 1017:1029 phospholipids 1017:1029 The polar lipid profile of strain CJ32(T) consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and several unidentified lipids, including phospholipids, aminolipids and aminophospholipids. 24277860 9 58 theme unidentified 986:997 arg1 aminophospholipids 1048:1065 aminophospholipids 1048:1065 aminophospholipids 1048:1065 The polar lipid profile of strain CJ32(T) consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and several unidentified lipids, including phospholipids, aminolipids and aminophospholipids. 24277860 8 59 from acid 782:785 arg1 peptidoglycan 804:816 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 790:816 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 790:816 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24277860 9 60 theme polar 852:856 arg1 profile 864:870 The polar lipid profile 848:870 The polar lipid profile of strain CJ32(T) 848:888 The polar lipid profile of strain CJ32(T) consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and several unidentified lipids, including phospholipids, aminolipids and aminophospholipids. 24277860 3 61 theme % 278:278 arg1 NaCl 286:289 2% (w/v) NaCl 277:289 2% (w/v) NaCl 277:289 The isolate grew optimally at 30 °C, 2% (w/v) NaCl and pH 7.0. 24277860 9 62 theme CJ32 882:885 arg1 profile 864:870 The polar lipid profile 848:870 The polar lipid profile of strain CJ32(T) 848:888 The polar lipid profile of strain CJ32(T) consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and several unidentified lipids, including phospholipids, aminolipids and aminophospholipids. 24277860 9 63 theme lipid 858:862 arg1 profile 864:870 The polar lipid profile 848:870 The polar lipid profile of strain CJ32(T) 848:888 The polar lipid profile of strain CJ32(T) consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and several unidentified lipids, including phospholipids, aminolipids and aminophospholipids. 24277860 12 64 theme Bacillus 1353:1360 arg1 sp 1373:1374 the name Bacillus panacisoli sp 1344:1374 the name Bacillus panacisoli sp 1344:1374 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain CJ32(T) should be classified within a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus panacisoli sp. 24277860 14 65 theme T 1444:1444 arg1 T 1459:1459 T 1459:1459 T 1459:1459 The type strain is strain CJ32(T) ( = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226(T)). 24277860 14 65 theme T 1444:1444 arg1 19226 1453:1457  = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226 1430:1457  = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226(T) 1430:1460 The type strain is strain CJ32(T) ( = KACC 17503(T) = JCM 19226(T)). 24277860 2 66 theme endospore-forming 117:133 arg1 CJ32 179:182 designated strain CJ32 161:182 designated strain CJ32(T) 161:185 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CJ32(T), was isolated from ginseng soil at Geumsan in Korea. 24277860 2 66 theme endospore-forming 117:133 arg1 bacterium 150:158 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 58:158 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 58:158 A Gram-staining-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CJ32(T), was isolated from ginseng soil at Geumsan in Korea. 24277860 12 67 theme name 1348:1351 arg1 sp 1373:1374 the name Bacillus panacisoli sp 1344:1374 the name Bacillus panacisoli sp 1344:1374 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain CJ32(T) should be classified within a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus panacisoli sp. 24277860 8 68 theme diamino 774:780 arg1 acid 782:785 The diagnostic diamino acid 759:785 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 759:816 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24277860 8 68 theme diamino 774:780 arg1 acid 842:845 meso-diaminopimelic acid 822:845 meso-diaminopimelic acid 822:845 The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24277860 11 69 theme genomic 1171:1177 arg1 DNA 1179:1181 the genomic DNA 1167:1181 the genomic DNA 1167:1181 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 35.1 mol%. 24277860 12 70 theme panacisoli 1362:1371 arg1 sp 1373:1374 the name Bacillus panacisoli sp 1344:1374 the name Bacillus panacisoli sp 1344:1374 Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain CJ32(T) should be classified within a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus panacisoli sp. 28786779 3 0 theme Bacillus 329:336 arg1 member 309:314 a member 307:314 a member of the genus Bacillus 307:336 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SYP-B691T clearly represented a member of the genus Bacillus and showed 16S rRNA gene similarity lower than 97.0 % with the type strains of species of the genus Bacillus, which indicates that it should be considered as a candidate novel species within this genus. 28786779 2 1 theme Gram-stain-positive 108:126 arg1 bacterium 148:156 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium 106:156 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium designated as SYP-B691T 106:180 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium designated as SYP-B691T was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Panax notoginseng. 28786779 9 2 theme cellular 934:941 arg1 acids 949:953 The major cellular fatty acids 924:953 The major cellular fatty acids of SYP-B691T 924:966 The major cellular fatty acids of SYP-B691T were identified as iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28786779 9 2 theme cellular 934:941 arg1 iso-C15  987:994 iso-C15  987:994 iso-C15  987:994 The major cellular fatty acids of SYP-B691T were identified as iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28786779 10 3 theme chemotaxonomic 1048:1061 arg1 characteristics 1080:1094 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 1036:1094 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 1036:1094 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, SYP-B691T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp. 28786779 11 4 theme =DSM 1270:1273 arg1 SYP-B691T 1260:1268 SYP-B691T 1260:1268 SYP-B691T(=DSM 29196T=JCM 30743T) as the type strain 1260:1311 nov. is proposed, with SYP-B691T(=DSM 29196T=JCM 30743T) as the type strain. 28786779 11 4 theme =DSM 1270:1273 arg1 30743T 1286:1291 =DSM 29196T=JCM 30743T 1270:1291 =DSM 29196T=JCM 30743T 1270:1291 nov. is proposed, with SYP-B691T(=DSM 29196T=JCM 30743T) as the type strain. 28786779 7 5 theme polar 756:760 arg1 lipids 762:767 The polar lipids 752:767 The polar lipids 752:767 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown phospholipid. 28786779 9 6 dep identified 973:982 arg1  0 996:997  0 996:997  0 996:997 The major cellular fatty acids of SYP-B691T were identified as iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28786779 9 6 dep identified 973:982 arg1  0 1016:1017  0 1016:1017  0 1016:1017 The major cellular fatty acids of SYP-B691T were identified as iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28786779 9 6 dep identified 973:982 arg1 anteiso-C15  1003:1014 anteiso-C15  1003:1014 anteiso-C15  1003:1014 The major cellular fatty acids of SYP-B691T were identified as iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28786779 9 7 theme fatty 943:947 arg1 acids 949:953 The major cellular fatty acids 924:953 The major cellular fatty acids of SYP-B691T 924:966 The major cellular fatty acids of SYP-B691T were identified as iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28786779 9 7 theme fatty 943:947 arg1 iso-C15  987:994 iso-C15  987:994 iso-C15  987:994 The major cellular fatty acids of SYP-B691T were identified as iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28786779 3 8 dep % 390:390 arg1 97.0  385:389 97.0  385:389 97.0  385:389 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SYP-B691T clearly represented a member of the genus Bacillus and showed 16S rRNA gene similarity lower than 97.0 % with the type strains of species of the genus Bacillus, which indicates that it should be considered as a candidate novel species within this genus. 28786779 4 9 theme strain 567:572 arg1 growth 553:558 The optimum growth 541:558 The optimum growth of the strain 541:572 The optimum growth of the strain was found to occur at 37 °C and pH 7.0-9.0. 28786779 5 10 theme genomic 622:628 arg1 content 638:644 The genomic DNA G+C content 618:644 The genomic DNA G+C content 618:644 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 45.2 mol%. 28786779 5 10 theme genomic 622:628 arg1 % 675:675 45.2 mol% 667:675 45.2 mol% 667:675 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 45.2 mol%. 28786779 3 11 theme rRNA 353:356 arg1 similarity 363:372 16S rRNA gene similarity 349:372 16S rRNA gene similarity lower than 97.0 % 349:390 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SYP-B691T clearly represented a member of the genus Bacillus and showed 16S rRNA gene similarity lower than 97.0 % with the type strains of species of the genus Bacillus, which indicates that it should be considered as a candidate novel species within this genus. 28786779 10 12 theme SYP-B691T 1097:1105 arg1 merits 1107:1112 SYP-B691T merits 1097:1112 SYP-B691T merits 1097:1112 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, SYP-B691T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp. 28786779 3 13 theme novel 508:512 arg1 species 514:520 a candidate novel species 496:520 a candidate novel species within this genus 496:538 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SYP-B691T clearly represented a member of the genus Bacillus and showed 16S rRNA gene similarity lower than 97.0 % with the type strains of species of the genus Bacillus, which indicates that it should be considered as a candidate novel species within this genus. 28786779 3 13 theme novel 508:512 arg1 it 469:470 it 469:470 it 469:470 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SYP-B691T clearly represented a member of the genus Bacillus and showed 16S rRNA gene similarity lower than 97.0 % with the type strains of species of the genus Bacillus, which indicates that it should be considered as a candidate novel species within this genus. 28786779 2 14 attach isolated 186:193 arg2 bacterium 148:156 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium 106:156 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium designated as SYP-B691T 106:180 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium designated as SYP-B691T was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Panax notoginseng. 28786779 2 14 attach isolated 186:193 arg1 soil 213:216 rhizospheric soil 200:216 rhizospheric soil of Panax notoginseng 200:237 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium designated as SYP-B691T was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Panax notoginseng. 28786779 3 15 theme gene 358:361 arg1 similarity 363:372 16S rRNA gene similarity 349:372 16S rRNA gene similarity lower than 97.0 % 349:390 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SYP-B691T clearly represented a member of the genus Bacillus and showed 16S rRNA gene similarity lower than 97.0 % with the type strains of species of the genus Bacillus, which indicates that it should be considered as a candidate novel species within this genus. 28786779 0 16 theme notoginsengisoli 9:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp 0:27 Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp. 0:28 Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp. 28786779 10 17 theme characteristics 1080:1094 arg1 recognition 1114:1124 recognition 1114:1124 recognition 1114:1124 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, SYP-B691T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp. 28786779 3 18 theme Phylogenetic 240:251 arg1 analysis 253:260 Phylogenetic analysis 240:260 Phylogenetic analysis 240:260 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SYP-B691T clearly represented a member of the genus Bacillus and showed 16S rRNA gene similarity lower than 97.0 % with the type strains of species of the genus Bacillus, which indicates that it should be considered as a candidate novel species within this genus. 28786779 3 19 theme species 417:423 arg1 strains 406:412 the type strains 397:412 the type strains of species of the genus Bacillus, which indicates that it should be considered as a candidate novel species within this genus 397:538 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SYP-B691T clearly represented a member of the genus Bacillus and showed 16S rRNA gene similarity lower than 97.0 % with the type strains of species of the genus Bacillus, which indicates that it should be considered as a candidate novel species within this genus. 28786779 0 20 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 26:27 Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp 0:27 Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp. 0:28 Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp. 28786779 1 21 attach isolated 54:61 arg2 bacterium 44:52 a novel bacterium 36:52 a novel bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of Panax notoginseng 36:103 nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of Panax notoginseng. 28786779 1 21 attach isolated 54:61 arg1 rhizosphere 72:82 the rhizosphere 68:82 the rhizosphere of Panax notoginseng 68:103 nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of Panax notoginseng. 28786779 11 22 theme 29196T=JCM 1275:1284 arg1 SYP-B691T 1260:1268 SYP-B691T 1260:1268 SYP-B691T(=DSM 29196T=JCM 30743T) as the type strain 1260:1311 nov. is proposed, with SYP-B691T(=DSM 29196T=JCM 30743T) as the type strain. 28786779 11 22 theme 29196T=JCM 1275:1284 arg1 30743T 1286:1291 =DSM 29196T=JCM 30743T 1270:1291 =DSM 29196T=JCM 30743T 1270:1291 nov. is proposed, with SYP-B691T(=DSM 29196T=JCM 30743T) as the type strain. 28786779 8 23 theme only 895:898 arg1 MK-7 882:885 MK-7 882:885 MK-7 882:885 MK-7 was the only menaquinone identified. 28786779 8 23 theme only 895:898 arg1 menaquinone 900:910 the only menaquinone 891:910 the only menaquinone identified 891:921 MK-7 was the only menaquinone identified. 28786779 10 24 dep characteristics 1080:1094 arg1 basis 1027:1031 basis 1027:1031 basis 1027:1031 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, SYP-B691T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp. 28786779 10 24 dep characteristics 1080:1094 arg1 the 1023:1025 the 1023:1025 the 1023:1025 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, SYP-B691T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp. 28786779 6 25 theme cell-wall 727:735 arg1 peptidoglycan 737:749 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 723:749 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 723:749 It contained meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28786779 1 26 theme Panax 87:91 arg1 notoginseng 93:103 Panax notoginseng 87:103 Panax notoginseng 87:103 nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of Panax notoginseng. 28786779 9 27 theme major 928:932 arg1 acids 949:953 The major cellular fatty acids 924:953 The major cellular fatty acids of SYP-B691T 924:966 The major cellular fatty acids of SYP-B691T were identified as iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28786779 9 27 theme major 928:932 arg1 iso-C15  987:994 iso-C15  987:994 iso-C15  987:994 The major cellular fatty acids of SYP-B691T were identified as iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28786779 4 28 theme optimum 545:551 arg1 growth 553:558 The optimum growth 541:558 The optimum growth of the strain 541:572 The optimum growth of the strain was found to occur at 37 °C and pH 7.0-9.0. 28786779 1 29 theme notoginseng 93:103 arg1 rhizosphere 72:82 the rhizosphere 68:82 the rhizosphere of Panax notoginseng 68:103 nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of Panax notoginseng. 28786779 7 30 theme unknown 860:866 arg1 phospholipid 868:879 an unknown phospholipid 857:879 an unknown phospholipid 857:879 The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown phospholipid. 28786779 3 31 theme Bacillus 438:445 arg1 species 417:423 species 417:423 species of the genus Bacillus, which indicates that it should be considered as a candidate novel species within this genus 417:538 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SYP-B691T clearly represented a member of the genus Bacillus and showed 16S rRNA gene similarity lower than 97.0 % with the type strains of species of the genus Bacillus, which indicates that it should be considered as a candidate novel species within this genus. 28786779 10 32 theme species 1157:1163 arg1 representative 1131:1144 a representative 1129:1144 a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp 1129:1234 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, SYP-B691T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp. 28786779 5 33 theme 45.2 mol 667:674 arg1 content 638:644 The genomic DNA G+C content 618:644 The genomic DNA G+C content 618:644 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 45.2 mol%. 28786779 5 33 theme 45.2 mol 667:674 arg1 % 675:675 45.2 mol% 667:675 45.2 mol% 667:675 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 45.2 mol%. 28786779 2 34 theme notoginseng 227:237 arg1 soil 213:216 rhizospheric soil 200:216 rhizospheric soil of Panax notoginseng 200:237 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium designated as SYP-B691T was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Panax notoginseng. 28786779 9 35 theme SYP-B691T 958:966 arg1 acids 949:953 The major cellular fatty acids 924:953 The major cellular fatty acids of SYP-B691T 924:966 The major cellular fatty acids of SYP-B691T were identified as iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28786779 9 35 theme SYP-B691T 958:966 arg1 iso-C15  987:994 iso-C15  987:994 iso-C15  987:994 The major cellular fatty acids of SYP-B691T were identified as iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 28786779 10 36 theme novel 1151:1155 arg1 species 1157:1163 a novel species 1149:1163 a novel species 1149:1163 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, SYP-B691T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp. 28786779 5 37 theme DNA 630:632 arg1 content 638:644 The genomic DNA G+C content 618:644 The genomic DNA G+C content 618:644 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 45.2 mol%. 28786779 5 37 theme DNA 630:632 arg1 % 675:675 45.2 mol% 667:675 45.2 mol% 667:675 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 45.2 mol%. 28786779 2 38 theme Panax 221:225 arg1 notoginseng 227:237 Panax notoginseng 221:237 Panax notoginseng 221:237 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium designated as SYP-B691T was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Panax notoginseng. 28786779 6 39 from acid 715:718 arg1 peptidoglycan 737:749 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 723:749 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 723:749 It contained meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28786779 3 40 theme type 401:404 arg1 strains 406:412 the type strains 397:412 the type strains of species of the genus Bacillus, which indicates that it should be considered as a candidate novel species within this genus 397:538 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SYP-B691T clearly represented a member of the genus Bacillus and showed 16S rRNA gene similarity lower than 97.0 % with the type strains of species of the genus Bacillus, which indicates that it should be considered as a candidate novel species within this genus. 28786779 5 41 theme G+C 634:636 arg1 content 638:644 The genomic DNA G+C content 618:644 The genomic DNA G+C content 618:644 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 45.2 mol%. 28786779 5 41 theme G+C 634:636 arg1 % 675:675 45.2 mol% 667:675 45.2 mol% 667:675 The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 45.2 mol%. 28786779 10 42 theme phenotypic 1036:1045 arg1 characteristics 1080:1094 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 1036:1094 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 1036:1094 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, SYP-B691T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp. 28786779 2 43 dep Gram-stain-positive 108:126 arg1 motile 141:146 motile 141:146 motile 141:146 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium designated as SYP-B691T was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Panax notoginseng. 28786779 2 43 dep Gram-stain-positive 108:126 arg1 rod-shaped 129:138 rod-shaped 129:138 rod-shaped 129:138 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium designated as SYP-B691T was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Panax notoginseng. 28786779 3 44 dep similarity 363:372 arg1 % 390:390 % 390:390 % 390:390 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SYP-B691T clearly represented a member of the genus Bacillus and showed 16S rRNA gene similarity lower than 97.0 % with the type strains of species of the genus Bacillus, which indicates that it should be considered as a candidate novel species within this genus. 28786779 2 45 theme rhizospheric 200:211 arg1 soil 213:216 rhizospheric soil 200:216 rhizospheric soil of Panax notoginseng 200:237 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium designated as SYP-B691T was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Panax notoginseng. 28786779 6 46 theme meso-2,6-diaminopimelic 691:713 arg1 acid 715:718 meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 691:718 meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 691:749 It contained meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28786779 1 47 dep bacterium 44:52 arg1 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of Panax notoginseng. 28786779 10 48 theme notoginsengisoli 1216:1231 arg1 sp 1233:1234 the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp 1198:1234 the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp 1198:1234 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, SYP-B691T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp. 28786779 11 49 theme type 1301:1304 arg1 strain 1306:1311 the type strain 1297:1311 the type strain 1297:1311 nov. is proposed, with SYP-B691T(=DSM 29196T=JCM 30743T) as the type strain. 28786779 6 50 contain contained 681:689 arg1 It 678:679 It 678:679 It 678:679 It contained meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28786779 6 50 contain contained 681:689 arg2 acid 715:718 meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid 691:718 meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 691:749 It contained meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28786779 10 51 theme Bacillus 1207:1214 arg1 sp 1233:1234 the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp 1198:1234 the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp 1198:1234 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, SYP-B691T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp. 28786779 10 52 theme genus 1172:1176 arg1 species 1157:1163 a novel species 1149:1163 a novel species 1149:1163 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, SYP-B691T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp. 28786779 10 53 dep genus 1172:1176 arg1 Bacillus 1178:1185 the genus Bacillus 1168:1185 the genus Bacillus 1168:1185 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, SYP-B691T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp. 28786779 10 54 theme name 1202:1205 arg1 sp 1233:1234 the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp 1198:1234 the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp 1198:1234 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, SYP-B691T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp. 28786779 3 55 theme 16S 349:351 arg1 similarity 363:372 16S rRNA gene similarity 349:372 16S rRNA gene similarity lower than 97.0 % 349:390 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SYP-B691T clearly represented a member of the genus Bacillus and showed 16S rRNA gene similarity lower than 97.0 % with the type strains of species of the genus Bacillus, which indicates that it should be considered as a candidate novel species within this genus. 28786779 10 56 theme phylogenetic 1067:1078 arg1 characteristics 1080:1094 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 1036:1094 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics 1036:1094 On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, SYP-B691T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp. 28786779 1 57 theme novel 38:42 arg1 bacterium 44:52 a novel bacterium 36:52 a novel bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of Panax notoginseng 36:103 nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of Panax notoginseng. 28786779 3 58 theme candidate 498:506 arg1 species 514:520 a candidate novel species 496:520 a candidate novel species within this genus 496:538 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SYP-B691T clearly represented a member of the genus Bacillus and showed 16S rRNA gene similarity lower than 97.0 % with the type strains of species of the genus Bacillus, which indicates that it should be considered as a candidate novel species within this genus. 28786779 3 58 theme candidate 498:506 arg1 it 469:470 it 469:470 it 469:470 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SYP-B691T clearly represented a member of the genus Bacillus and showed 16S rRNA gene similarity lower than 97.0 % with the type strains of species of the genus Bacillus, which indicates that it should be considered as a candidate novel species within this genus. 28699855 11 0 theme tritici 1380:1386 arg1 sp 1388:1389 the name Paenibacillus tritici sp 1357:1389 the name Paenibacillus tritici sp 1357:1389 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 9 1 theme polar 742:746 arg1 profile 755:761 The polar lipids profile 738:761 The polar lipids profile 738:761 The polar lipids profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified phosphoaminolipids, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified lipid. 28699855 9 2 theme unidentified 852:863 arg1 aminolipid 865:874 one unidentified aminolipid 848:874 one unidentified aminolipid 848:874 The polar lipids profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified phosphoaminolipids, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified lipid. 28699855 9 3 theme lipids 748:753 arg1 profile 755:761 The polar lipids profile 738:761 The polar lipids profile 738:761 The polar lipids profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified phosphoaminolipids, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified lipid. 28699855 4 4 theme anaerobic 387:395 arg1 rods 442:445 facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile and sporulating rods 373:445 facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile and sporulating rods 373:445 Cells of the isolate were facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile and sporulating rods. 28699855 2 5 attach isolated 101:108 arg2 strain 71:76 A bacterial strain 59:76 A bacterial strain designated RTAE36T 59:95 A bacterial strain designated RTAE36T was isolated from wheat roots in northern Spain. 28699855 2 5 attach isolated 101:108 arg1 roots 121:125 wheat roots 115:125 wheat roots in northern Spain 115:143 A bacterial strain designated RTAE36T was isolated from wheat roots in northern Spain. 28699855 8 6 theme fatty 725:729 arg1 anteiso-C15  656:667 anteiso-C15  656:667 anteiso-C15  656:667 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected, and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 28699855 8 6 theme fatty 725:729 arg1 acids 731:735 the major fatty acids 715:735 the major fatty acids 715:735 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected, and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 28699855 9 7 theme unidentified 915:926 arg1 phosphoaminolipids 928:945 three unidentified phosphoaminolipids 909:945 three unidentified phosphoaminolipids 909:945 The polar lipids profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified phosphoaminolipids, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified lipid. 28699855 11 8 contain had 1117:1119 arg1 Strains 1074:1080 Strains 1074:1080 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T 1074:1115 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 11 8 contain had 1117:1119 arg1 P. 1094:1095 P. 1094:1095 P. 1094:1095 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 11 8 contain had 1117:1119 arg2 relatedness 1137:1147 an mean DNA-DNA relatedness 1121:1147 an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % 1121:1155 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 11 8 contain had 1117:1119 arg1 RTAE36T 1082:1088 RTAE36T 1082:1088 RTAE36T 1082:1088 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 1 9 theme wheat 46:50 arg1 roots 52:56 wheat roots 46:56 wheat roots 46:56 nov., isolated from wheat roots. 28699855 11 10 theme chemotaxonomic 1196:1209 arg1 characteristics 1211:1225 several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1173:1225 several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1173:1225 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 11 11 theme phenotypic 1181:1190 arg1 characteristics 1211:1225 several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1173:1225 several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1173:1225 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 4 12 theme Gram-stain-positive 398:416 arg1 rods 442:445 facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile and sporulating rods 373:445 facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile and sporulating rods 373:445 Cells of the isolate were facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile and sporulating rods. 28699855 7 13 theme carbon 596:601 arg1 sources 603:609 carbon sources 596:609 carbon sources 596:609 Growth was supported by many carbohydrates and organic acids as carbon sources. 28699855 3 14 theme sequence 326:333 arg1 similarity 335:344 97.7 % sequence similarity 319:344 97.7 % sequence similarity 319:344 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the isolate into the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relative being Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T with 97.7 % sequence similarity. 28699855 2 15 theme northern 130:137 arg1 Spain 139:143 northern Spain 130:143 northern Spain 130:143 A bacterial strain designated RTAE36T was isolated from wheat roots in northern Spain. 28699855 3 16 theme Phylogenetic 146:157 arg1 analyses 159:166 Phylogenetic analyses 146:166 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence 146:198 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the isolate into the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relative being Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T with 97.7 % sequence similarity. 28699855 7 17 theme organic 579:585 arg1 acids 587:591 organic acids 579:591 organic acids 579:591 Growth was supported by many carbohydrates and organic acids as carbon sources. 28699855 10 18 theme cell-wall 1049:1057 arg1 peptidoglycan 1059:1071 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1045:1071 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1045:1071 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28699855 3 19 theme rRNA 181:184 arg1 sequence 191:198 16S rRNA gene sequence 177:198 16S rRNA gene sequence 177:198 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the isolate into the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relative being Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T with 97.7 % sequence similarity. 28699855 11 20 theme % 1155:1155 arg1 relatedness 1137:1147 an mean DNA-DNA relatedness 1121:1147 an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % 1121:1155 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 0 21 theme tritici 14:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Paenibacillus tritici sp 0:23 Paenibacillus tritici sp. 0:24 Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 11 22 theme novel 1305:1309 arg1 species 1311:1317 a novel species 1303:1317 a novel species 1303:1317 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 3 23 theme gene 186:189 arg1 sequence 191:198 16S rRNA gene sequence 177:198 16S rRNA gene sequence 177:198 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the isolate into the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relative being Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T with 97.7 % sequence similarity. 28699855 0 24 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 22:23 Paenibacillus tritici sp 0:23 Paenibacillus tritici sp. 0:24 Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 8 25 dep detected 642:649 arg1 menaquinone 630:640 the only menaquinone 621:640 the only menaquinone 621:640 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected, and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 28699855 11 26 theme species 1311:1317 arg1 RTAE36T 1251:1257 strain RTAE36T 1244:1257 strain RTAE36T 1244:1257 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 11 26 theme species 1311:1317 arg1 representative 1285:1298 a representative 1283:1298 a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp 1283:1389 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 8 27 theme only 625:628 arg1 menaquinone 630:640 the only menaquinone 621:640 the only menaquinone 621:640 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected, and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 28699855 11 28 theme genus 1326:1330 arg1 species 1311:1317 a novel species 1303:1317 a novel species 1303:1317 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 3 29 theme closest 257:263 arg1 relative 265:272 its closest relative 253:272 its closest relative being Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T with 97.7 % sequence similarity 253:344 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the isolate into the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relative being Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T with 97.7 % sequence similarity. 28699855 4 30 theme isolate 360:366 arg1 Cells 347:351 Cells 347:351 Cells of the isolate 347:366 Cells of the isolate were facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile and sporulating rods. 28699855 11 31 dep Strains 1074:1080 arg1 Strains 1074:1080 Strains 1074:1080 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T 1074:1115 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 11 31 dep Strains 1074:1080 arg1 P. 1094:1095 P. 1094:1095 P. 1094:1095 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 11 31 dep Strains 1074:1080 arg1 RTAE36T 1082:1088 RTAE36T 1082:1088 RTAE36T 1082:1088 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 11 32 theme Paenibacillus 1332:1344 arg1 genus 1326:1330 the genus Paenibacillus 1322:1344 the genus Paenibacillus 1322:1344 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 7 33 theme many 556:559 arg1 carbohydrates 561:573 many carbohydrates 556:573 many carbohydrates 556:573 Growth was supported by many carbohydrates and organic acids as carbon sources. 28699855 9 34 theme unidentified 984:995 arg1 lipid 997:1001 one unidentified lipid 980:1001 one unidentified lipid 980:1001 The polar lipids profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified phosphoaminolipids, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified lipid. 28699855 11 35 theme strain 1244:1249 arg1 RTAE36T 1251:1257 strain RTAE36T 1244:1257 strain RTAE36T 1244:1257 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 11 35 theme strain 1244:1249 arg1 representative 1285:1298 a representative 1283:1298 a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp 1283:1389 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 11 36 theme DNA-DNA 1129:1135 arg1 relatedness 1137:1147 an mean DNA-DNA relatedness 1121:1147 an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % 1121:1155 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 11 37 theme borealis 1097:1104 arg1 13188T 1110:1115 borealis DSM 13188T 1097:1115 borealis DSM 13188T 1097:1115 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 2 38 from roots 121:125 arg1 Spain 139:143 northern Spain 130:143 northern Spain 130:143 A bacterial strain designated RTAE36T was isolated from wheat roots in northern Spain. 28699855 8 39 dep anteiso-C15  656:667 arg1 C16  673:676 C16  673:676 C16  673:676 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected, and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 28699855 8 39 dep anteiso-C15  656:667 arg1  0 707:708  0 707:708  0 707:708 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected, and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 28699855 8 39 dep anteiso-C15  656:667 arg1 iso-C16  698:705 iso-C16  698:705 iso-C16  698:705 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected, and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 28699855 8 39 dep anteiso-C15  656:667 arg1  0 678:679  0 678:679  0 678:679 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected, and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 28699855 8 39 dep anteiso-C15  656:667 arg1  0 691:692  0 691:692  0 691:692 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected, and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 28699855 11 40 dep RTAE36T 1082:1088 arg1 13188T 1110:1115 borealis DSM 13188T 1097:1115 borealis DSM 13188T 1097:1115 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 11 41 theme DSM 1106:1108 arg1 13188T 1110:1115 borealis DSM 13188T 1097:1115 borealis DSM 13188T 1097:1115 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 11 42 theme name 1361:1364 arg1 sp 1388:1389 the name Paenibacillus tritici sp 1357:1389 the name Paenibacillus tritici sp 1357:1389 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 9 43 theme unidentified 881:892 arg1 phospholipids 894:906 two unidentified phospholipids 877:906 two unidentified phospholipids 877:906 The polar lipids profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified phosphoaminolipids, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified lipid. 28699855 3 44 theme borealis 294:301 arg1 13188T 307:312 Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T 280:312 Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T with 97.7 % sequence similarity 280:344 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the isolate into the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relative being Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T with 97.7 % sequence similarity. 28699855 3 45 theme DSM 303:305 arg1 13188T 307:312 Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T 280:312 Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T with 97.7 % sequence similarity 280:344 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the isolate into the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relative being Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T with 97.7 % sequence similarity. 28699855 4 46 theme motile 419:424 arg1 rods 442:445 facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile and sporulating rods 373:445 facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile and sporulating rods 373:445 Cells of the isolate were facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile and sporulating rods. 28699855 11 47 theme mean 1124:1127 arg1 relatedness 1137:1147 an mean DNA-DNA relatedness 1121:1147 an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % 1121:1155 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 13 48 theme =LMG 1438:1441 arg1 RTAE36T 1429:1435 RTAE36T 1429:1435 RTAE36T (=LMG 29502T=CECT 9125T) 1429:1460 The type strain is RTAE36T (=LMG 29502T=CECT 9125T). 28699855 13 48 theme =LMG 1438:1441 arg1 9125T 1455:1459 =LMG 29502T=CECT 9125T 1438:1459 =LMG 29502T=CECT 9125T 1438:1459 The type strain is RTAE36T (=LMG 29502T=CECT 9125T). 28699855 2 49 theme bacterial 61:69 arg1 strain 71:76 A bacterial strain 59:76 A bacterial strain designated RTAE36T 59:95 A bacterial strain designated RTAE36T was isolated from wheat roots in northern Spain. 28699855 10 50 theme meso-Diaminopimelic 1004:1022 arg1 acid 1024:1027 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1004:1027 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1004:1027 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28699855 3 51 with 13188T 307:312 arg1 similarity 335:344 97.7 % sequence similarity 319:344 97.7 % sequence similarity 319:344 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the isolate into the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relative being Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T with 97.7 % sequence similarity. 28699855 13 52 theme 29502T=CECT 1443:1453 arg1 RTAE36T 1429:1435 RTAE36T 1429:1435 RTAE36T (=LMG 29502T=CECT 9125T) 1429:1460 The type strain is RTAE36T (=LMG 29502T=CECT 9125T). 28699855 13 52 theme 29502T=CECT 1443:1453 arg1 9125T 1455:1459 =LMG 29502T=CECT 9125T 1438:1459 =LMG 29502T=CECT 9125T 1438:1459 The type strain is RTAE36T (=LMG 29502T=CECT 9125T). 28699855 3 53 theme Paenibacillus 280:292 arg1 13188T 307:312 Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T 280:312 Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T with 97.7 % sequence similarity 280:344 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the isolate into the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relative being Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T with 97.7 % sequence similarity. 28699855 4 54 theme sporulating 430:440 arg1 rods 442:445 facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile and sporulating rods 373:445 facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile and sporulating rods 373:445 Cells of the isolate were facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile and sporulating rods. 28699855 11 55 theme several 1173:1179 arg1 characteristics 1211:1225 several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1173:1225 several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1173:1225 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 11 56 theme Paenibacillus 1366:1378 arg1 sp 1388:1389 the name Paenibacillus tritici sp 1357:1389 the name Paenibacillus tritici sp 1357:1389 Strains RTAE36T and P. borealis DSM 13188T had an mean DNA-DNA relatedness of 39 % and differed in several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, confirming that strain RTAE36T should be considered as a representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tritici sp. 28699855 3 57 with Paenibacillus 234:246 arg1 relative 265:272 its closest relative 253:272 its closest relative being Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T with 97.7 % sequence similarity 253:344 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the isolate into the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relative being Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T with 97.7 % sequence similarity. 28699855 3 58 theme 97.7  319:323 arg1 % 324:324 % 324:324 % 324:324 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the isolate into the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relative being Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T with 97.7 % sequence similarity. 28699855 3 59 theme 16S 177:179 arg1 rRNA 181:184 16S rRNA 177:184 16S rRNA gene sequence 177:198 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the isolate into the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relative being Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T with 97.7 % sequence similarity. 28699855 13 60 theme type 1414:1417 arg1 RTAE36T 1429:1435 RTAE36T 1429:1435 RTAE36T (=LMG 29502T=CECT 9125T) 1429:1460 The type strain is RTAE36T (=LMG 29502T=CECT 9125T). 28699855 13 60 theme type 1414:1417 arg1 strain 1419:1424 The type strain 1410:1424 The type strain 1410:1424 The type strain is RTAE36T (=LMG 29502T=CECT 9125T). 28699855 8 61 theme major 719:723 arg1 anteiso-C15  656:667 anteiso-C15  656:667 anteiso-C15  656:667 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected, and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 28699855 8 61 theme major 719:723 arg1 acids 731:735 the major fatty acids 715:735 the major fatty acids 715:735 MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected, and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. 28699855 3 62 theme % 324:324 arg1 similarity 335:344 97.7 % sequence similarity 319:344 97.7 % sequence similarity 319:344 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the isolate into the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relative being Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188T with 97.7 % sequence similarity. 28699855 2 63 theme wheat 115:119 arg1 roots 121:125 wheat roots 115:125 wheat roots in northern Spain 115:143 A bacterial strain designated RTAE36T was isolated from wheat roots in northern Spain. 28699855 9 64 theme unidentified 952:963 arg1 glycolipid 965:974 one unidentified glycolipid 948:974 one unidentified glycolipid 948:974 The polar lipids profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified phosphoaminolipids, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified lipid. 28699855 10 65 located detected 1033:1040 arg2 acid 1024:1027 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1004:1027 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1004:1027 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 28699855 10 65 located detected 1033:1040 arg1 peptidoglycan 1059:1071 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1045:1071 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1045:1071 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 26333922 7 0 theme recognized 1186:1195 arg1 species 1212:1218 recognized Lysinibacillus species 1186:1218 recognized Lysinibacillus species 1186:1218 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characters enable the differentiation of strain SC03T from recognized Lysinibacillus species. 26333922 2 1 theme Gram-stain-positive 131:149 arg1 bacterium 207:215 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium 129:215 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain SC03T) 129:241 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain SC03T) was isolated from the aerobic treatment sludge of a coking plant (Shaoguan City, China). 26333922 2 1 theme Gram-stain-positive 131:149 arg1 SC03T 236:240 designated strain SC03T 218:240 designated strain SC03T 218:240 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain SC03T) was isolated from the aerobic treatment sludge of a coking plant (Shaoguan City, China). 26333922 3 2 theme Lysinibacillus 581:594 arg1 18474T 610:615 Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T 581:615 Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T 581:615 The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. 26333922 3 2 theme Lysinibacillus 581:594 arg1 strain 573:578 the most closely related type strain 543:578 the most closely related type strain 543:578 The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. 26333922 7 3 theme Lysinibacillus 1197:1210 arg1 species 1212:1218 recognized Lysinibacillus species 1186:1218 recognized Lysinibacillus species 1186:1218 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characters enable the differentiation of strain SC03T from recognized Lysinibacillus species. 26333922 7 4 theme phenotypic 1083:1092 arg1 characters 1127:1136 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characters 1079:1136 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characters 1079:1136 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characters enable the differentiation of strain SC03T from recognized Lysinibacillus species. 26333922 3 5 theme genus 478:482 arg1 Lysinibacillus 484:497 the genus Lysinibacillus 474:497 the genus Lysinibacillus 474:497 The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. 26333922 10 6 theme M 1417:1417 arg1 SC03T 1385:1389 SC03T 1385:1389 SC03T ( = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T) 1385:1426 The type strain is SC03T ( = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T). 26333922 10 6 theme M 1417:1417 arg1 208210T 1419:1425 = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T 1393:1425 = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T 1393:1425 The type strain is SC03T ( = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T). 26333922 7 7 theme SC03T 1175:1179 arg1 differentiation 1149:1163 the differentiation 1145:1163 the differentiation of strain SC03T from recognized Lysinibacillus species 1145:1218 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characters enable the differentiation of strain SC03T from recognized Lysinibacillus species. 26333922 3 8 dep analysis 436:443 arg1 the 400:402 the 400:402 the 400:402 The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. 26333922 3 8 dep analysis 436:443 arg1 basis 404:408 basis 404:408 basis 404:408 The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. 26333922 10 9 theme = CCTCC 1409:1415 arg1 SC03T 1385:1389 SC03T 1385:1389 SC03T ( = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T) 1385:1426 The type strain is SC03T ( = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T). 26333922 10 9 theme = CCTCC 1409:1415 arg1 208210T 1419:1425 = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T 1393:1425 = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T 1393:1425 The type strain is SC03T ( = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T). 26333922 10 10 theme type 1370:1373 arg1 SC03T 1385:1389 SC03T 1385:1389 SC03T ( = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T) 1385:1426 The type strain is SC03T ( = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T). 26333922 10 10 theme type 1370:1373 arg1 strain 1375:1380 The type strain 1366:1380 The type strain 1366:1380 The type strain is SC03T ( = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T). 26333922 8 11 theme Lysinibacillus 1315:1328 arg1 sp 1344:1345 the name Lysinibacillus cresolivorans sp 1306:1345 the name Lysinibacillus cresolivorans sp 1306:1345 Thus, strain SC03T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus cresolivorans sp. 26333922 4 12 theme 41.2 mol 685:692 arg1 % 693:693 41.2 mol% 685:693 41.2 mol% 685:693 The genomic G+C content of the DNA of strain SC03T was 41.2 mol%. 26333922 4 12 theme 41.2 mol 685:692 arg1 content 646:652 The genomic G+C content 630:652 The genomic G+C content of the DNA of strain SC03T 630:679 The genomic G+C content of the DNA of strain SC03T was 41.2 mol%. 26333922 8 13 theme name 1310:1313 arg1 sp 1344:1345 the name Lysinibacillus cresolivorans sp 1306:1345 the name Lysinibacillus cresolivorans sp 1306:1345 Thus, strain SC03T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus cresolivorans sp. 26333922 2 14 theme plant 302:306 arg1 sludge 283:288 the aerobic treatment sludge 261:288 the aerobic treatment sludge of a coking plant 261:306 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain SC03T) was isolated from the aerobic treatment sludge of a coking plant (Shaoguan City, China). 26333922 2 15 attach isolated 247:254 arg2 SC03T 236:240 designated strain SC03T 218:240 designated strain SC03T 218:240 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain SC03T) was isolated from the aerobic treatment sludge of a coking plant (Shaoguan City, China). 26333922 2 15 attach isolated 247:254 arg1 sludge 283:288 the aerobic treatment sludge 261:288 the aerobic treatment sludge of a coking plant 261:306 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain SC03T) was isolated from the aerobic treatment sludge of a coking plant (Shaoguan City, China). 26333922 2 15 attach isolated 247:254 arg2 bacterium 207:215 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium 129:215 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain SC03T) 129:241 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain SC03T) was isolated from the aerobic treatment sludge of a coking plant (Shaoguan City, China). 26333922 2 16 theme coking 295:300 arg1 plant 302:306 a coking plant 293:306 a coking plant 293:306 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain SC03T) was isolated from the aerobic treatment sludge of a coking plant (Shaoguan City, China). 26333922 3 17 theme rRNA 417:420 arg1 analysis 436:443 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 413:443 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 413:443 The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. 26333922 7 18 theme strain 1168:1173 arg1 SC03T 1175:1179 strain SC03T 1168:1179 strain SC03T 1168:1179 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characters enable the differentiation of strain SC03T from recognized Lysinibacillus species. 26333922 10 19 theme = NRRL 1393:1398 arg1 SC03T 1385:1389 SC03T 1385:1389 SC03T ( = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T) 1385:1426 The type strain is SC03T ( = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T). 26333922 10 19 theme = NRRL 1393:1398 arg1 208210T 1419:1425 = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T 1393:1425 = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T 1393:1425 The type strain is SC03T ( = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T). 26333922 1 20 theme coking 85:90 arg1 sludge 121:126 coking wastewater treatment aerobic sludge 85:126 coking wastewater treatment aerobic sludge 85:126 nov., an m-cresol-degrading bacterium isolated from coking wastewater treatment aerobic sludge. 26333922 3 21 theme gene 422:425 arg1 analysis 436:443 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 413:443 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 413:443 The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. 26333922 10 22 theme B-59352T 1400:1407 arg1 SC03T 1385:1389 SC03T 1385:1389 SC03T ( = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T) 1385:1426 The type strain is SC03T ( = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T). 26333922 10 22 theme B-59352T 1400:1407 arg1 208210T 1419:1425 = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T 1393:1425 = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T 1393:1425 The type strain is SC03T ( = NRRL B-59352T = CCTCC M 208210T). 26333922 1 23 theme wastewater 92:101 arg1 sludge 121:126 coking wastewater treatment aerobic sludge 85:126 coking wastewater treatment aerobic sludge 85:126 nov., an m-cresol-degrading bacterium isolated from coking wastewater treatment aerobic sludge. 26333922 4 24 theme genomic 634:640 arg1 % 693:693 41.2 mol% 685:693 41.2 mol% 685:693 The genomic G+C content of the DNA of strain SC03T was 41.2 mol%. 26333922 4 24 theme genomic 634:640 arg1 content 646:652 The genomic G+C content 630:652 The genomic G+C content of the DNA of strain SC03T 630:679 The genomic G+C content of the DNA of strain SC03T was 41.2 mol%. 26333922 7 25 from species 1212:1218 arg1 differentiation 1149:1163 the differentiation 1145:1163 the differentiation of strain SC03T from recognized Lysinibacillus species 1145:1218 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characters enable the differentiation of strain SC03T from recognized Lysinibacillus species. 26333922 2 26 theme aerobic 265:271 arg1 sludge 283:288 the aerobic treatment sludge 261:288 the aerobic treatment sludge of a coking plant 261:306 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain SC03T) was isolated from the aerobic treatment sludge of a coking plant (Shaoguan City, China). 26333922 1 27 theme treatment 103:111 arg1 sludge 121:126 coking wastewater treatment aerobic sludge 85:126 coking wastewater treatment aerobic sludge 85:126 nov., an m-cresol-degrading bacterium isolated from coking wastewater treatment aerobic sludge. 26333922 3 28 theme 16S 413:415 arg1 rRNA 417:420 16S rRNA 413:420 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 413:443 The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. 26333922 5 29 theme genus 765:769 arg1 Lysinibacillus 771:784 the genus Lysinibacillus 761:784 the genus Lysinibacillus 761:784 Chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain SC03T to the genus Lysinibacillus. 26333922 8 30 theme genus 1274:1278 arg1 Lysinibacillus 1280:1293 the genus Lysinibacillus 1270:1293 the genus Lysinibacillus 1270:1293 Thus, strain SC03T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus cresolivorans sp. 26333922 1 31 theme aerobic 113:119 arg1 sludge 121:126 coking wastewater treatment aerobic sludge 85:126 coking wastewater treatment aerobic sludge 85:126 nov., an m-cresol-degrading bacterium isolated from coking wastewater treatment aerobic sludge. 26333922 2 32 dep isolated 247:254 arg1 China 324:328 China 324:328 China 324:328 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain SC03T) was isolated from the aerobic treatment sludge of a coking plant (Shaoguan City, China). 26333922 6 33 theme predominant 824:834 arg1 menaquinone 836:846 the predominant menaquinone 820:846 the predominant menaquinone 820:846 These properties include MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone; iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as major fatty acids; A4α (l-Lys-d-Asp) as the cell-wall peptidoglycan type; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine plus three unknown phospholipids as polar lipids. 26333922 6 34 theme unknown 1040:1046 arg1 phospholipids 1048:1060 three unknown phospholipids 1034:1060 three unknown phospholipids 1034:1060 These properties include MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone; iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as major fatty acids; A4α (l-Lys-d-Asp) as the cell-wall peptidoglycan type; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine plus three unknown phospholipids as polar lipids. 26333922 3 35 theme strain 446:451 arg1 SC03T 453:457 strain SC03T 446:457 strain SC03T 446:457 The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. 26333922 8 36 dep Lysinibacillus 1315:1328 arg1 cresolivorans 1330:1342 cresolivorans 1330:1342 cresolivorans 1330:1342 Thus, strain SC03T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus cresolivorans sp. 26333922 3 37 theme type 568:571 arg1 18474T 610:615 Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T 581:615 Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T 581:615 The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. 26333922 3 37 theme type 568:571 arg1 strain 573:578 the most closely related type strain 543:578 the most closely related type strain 543:578 The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. 26333922 8 38 theme strain 1227:1232 arg1 SC03T 1234:1238 strain SC03T 1227:1238 strain SC03T 1227:1238 Thus, strain SC03T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus cresolivorans sp. 26333922 3 39 theme sequence 427:434 arg1 analysis 436:443 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 413:443 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 413:443 The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. 26333922 7 40 theme chemotaxonomic 1112:1125 arg1 characters 1127:1136 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characters 1079:1136 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characters 1079:1136 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characters enable the differentiation of strain SC03T from recognized Lysinibacillus species. 26333922 6 41 theme fatty 886:890 arg1 acids 892:896 major fatty acids 880:896 major fatty acids 880:896 These properties include MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone; iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as major fatty acids; A4α (l-Lys-d-Asp) as the cell-wall peptidoglycan type; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine plus three unknown phospholipids as polar lipids. 26333922 3 42 theme analysis 436:443 arg1 pH 7.0 379:384 pH 7.0 379:384 pH 7.0 379:384 The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. 26333922 3 42 theme analysis 436:443 arg1 analysis 436:443 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 413:443 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 413:443 The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. 26333922 5 43 theme strain 745:750 arg1 SC03T 752:756 strain SC03T 745:756 strain SC03T 745:756 Chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain SC03T to the genus Lysinibacillus. 26333922 6 44 theme major 880:884 arg1 acids 892:896 major fatty acids 880:896 major fatty acids 880:896 These properties include MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone; iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as major fatty acids; A4α (l-Lys-d-Asp) as the cell-wall peptidoglycan type; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine plus three unknown phospholipids as polar lipids. 26333922 3 45 dep pH 344:345 arg1 The 332:334 The 332:334 The 332:334 The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. 26333922 5 46 theme SC03T 752:756 arg1 affiliation 730:740 the affiliation 726:740 the affiliation of strain SC03T to the genus Lysinibacillus 726:784 Chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain SC03T to the genus Lysinibacillus. 26333922 3 47 theme related 560:566 arg1 18474T 610:615 Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T 581:615 Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T 581:615 The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. 26333922 3 47 theme related 560:566 arg1 strain 573:578 the most closely related type strain 543:578 the most closely related type strain 543:578 The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. 26333922 4 48 theme DNA 661:663 arg1 % 693:693 41.2 mol% 685:693 41.2 mol% 685:693 The genomic G+C content of the DNA of strain SC03T was 41.2 mol%. 26333922 4 48 theme DNA 661:663 arg1 content 646:652 The genomic G+C content 630:652 The genomic G+C content of the DNA of strain SC03T 630:679 The genomic G+C content of the DNA of strain SC03T was 41.2 mol%. 26333922 2 49 dep Gram-stain-positive 131:149 arg1 endospore-forming 189:205 endospore-forming 189:205 endospore-forming 189:205 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain SC03T) was isolated from the aerobic treatment sludge of a coking plant (Shaoguan City, China). 26333922 2 49 dep Gram-stain-positive 131:149 arg1 rod-shaped 152:161 rod-shaped 152:161 rod-shaped 152:161 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain SC03T) was isolated from the aerobic treatment sludge of a coking plant (Shaoguan City, China). 26333922 2 49 dep Gram-stain-positive 131:149 arg1 anaerobic 178:186 anaerobic 178:186 anaerobic 178:186 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain SC03T) was isolated from the aerobic treatment sludge of a coking plant (Shaoguan City, China). 26333922 7 50 theme phylogenetic 1095:1106 arg1 characters 1127:1136 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characters 1079:1136 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characters 1079:1136 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characters enable the differentiation of strain SC03T from recognized Lysinibacillus species. 26333922 3 51 theme macroides 596:604 arg1 18474T 610:615 Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T 581:615 Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T 581:615 The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. 26333922 3 51 theme macroides 596:604 arg1 strain 573:578 the most closely related type strain 543:578 the most closely related type strain 543:578 The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. 26333922 4 52 theme SC03T 675:679 arg1 DNA 661:663 the DNA 657:663 the DNA of strain SC03T 657:679 The genomic G+C content of the DNA of strain SC03T was 41.2 mol%. 26333922 8 53 theme novel 1253:1257 arg1 species 1259:1265 a novel species 1251:1265 a novel species 1251:1265 Thus, strain SC03T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus cresolivorans sp. 26333922 2 54 theme strain 229:234 arg1 bacterium 207:215 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium 129:215 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain SC03T) 129:241 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain SC03T) was isolated from the aerobic treatment sludge of a coking plant (Shaoguan City, China). 26333922 2 54 theme strain 229:234 arg1 SC03T 236:240 designated strain SC03T 218:240 designated strain SC03T 218:240 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain SC03T) was isolated from the aerobic treatment sludge of a coking plant (Shaoguan City, China). 26333922 3 55 theme LMG 606:608 arg1 18474T 610:615 Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T 581:615 Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T 581:615 The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. 26333922 3 55 theme LMG 606:608 arg1 strain 573:578 the most closely related type strain 543:578 the most closely related type strain 543:578 The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. 26333922 4 56 theme strain 668:673 arg1 SC03T 675:679 strain SC03T 668:679 strain SC03T 668:679 The genomic G+C content of the DNA of strain SC03T was 41.2 mol%. 26333922 8 57 theme Lysinibacillus 1280:1293 arg1 species 1259:1265 a novel species 1251:1265 a novel species 1251:1265 Thus, strain SC03T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus cresolivorans sp. 26333922 5 58 theme Chemotaxonomic 696:709 arg1 data 711:714 Chemotaxonomic data 696:714 Chemotaxonomic data 696:714 Chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain SC03T to the genus Lysinibacillus. 26333922 2 59 theme designated 218:227 arg1 bacterium 207:215 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium 129:215 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain SC03T) 129:241 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain SC03T) was isolated from the aerobic treatment sludge of a coking plant (Shaoguan City, China). 26333922 2 59 theme designated 218:227 arg1 SC03T 236:240 designated strain SC03T 218:240 designated strain SC03T 218:240 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain SC03T) was isolated from the aerobic treatment sludge of a coking plant (Shaoguan City, China). 26333922 2 60 theme treatment 273:281 arg1 sludge 283:288 the aerobic treatment sludge 261:288 the aerobic treatment sludge of a coking plant 261:306 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain SC03T) was isolated from the aerobic treatment sludge of a coking plant (Shaoguan City, China). 26333922 6 61 theme polar 1065:1069 arg1 lipids 1071:1076 polar lipids 1065:1076 polar lipids 1065:1076 These properties include MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone; iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as major fatty acids; A4α (l-Lys-d-Asp) as the cell-wall peptidoglycan type; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine plus three unknown phospholipids as polar lipids. 26333922 6 62 theme peptidoglycan 934:946 arg1 type 948:951 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 920:951 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 920:951 These properties include MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone; iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as major fatty acids; A4α (l-Lys-d-Asp) as the cell-wall peptidoglycan type; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine plus three unknown phospholipids as polar lipids. 26333922 3 63 theme optimal 336:342 arg1 pH 344:345 optimal pH 336:345 optimal pH 336:345 The optimal pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SC03T was related to the genus Lysinibacillus and the similarity between strain SC03T and the most closely related type strain, Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474T, was 94.4 %. 26333922 1 64 theme m-cresol-degrading 42:59 arg1 bacterium 61:69 an m-cresol-degrading bacterium 39:69 an m-cresol-degrading bacterium 39:69 nov., an m-cresol-degrading bacterium isolated from coking wastewater treatment aerobic sludge. 26333922 1 64 theme m-cresol-degrading 42:59 arg1 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov. 33:36 nov., an m-cresol-degrading bacterium isolated from coking wastewater treatment aerobic sludge. 26333922 4 65 theme G+C 642:644 arg1 % 693:693 41.2 mol% 685:693 41.2 mol% 685:693 The genomic G+C content of the DNA of strain SC03T was 41.2 mol%. 26333922 4 65 theme G+C 642:644 arg1 content 646:652 The genomic G+C content 630:652 The genomic G+C content of the DNA of strain SC03T 630:679 The genomic G+C content of the DNA of strain SC03T was 41.2 mol%. 26333922 6 66 theme cell-wall 924:932 arg1 type 948:951 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 920:951 the cell-wall peptidoglycan type 920:951 These properties include MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone; iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as major fatty acids; A4α (l-Lys-d-Asp) as the cell-wall peptidoglycan type; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine plus three unknown phospholipids as polar lipids. 28920833 12 0 theme novel 1945:1949 arg1 species 1951:1957 a novel species 1943:1957 a novel species of the genus Longispora 1943:1981 On the basis of the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 were classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Longispora, for which the name Longispora urticae sp. 28920833 7 1 theme Whole-cell 1008:1017 arg1 hydrolysates 1019:1030 Whole-cell hydrolysates 1008:1030 Whole-cell hydrolysates 1008:1030 Whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained galactose, ribose and xylose. 28920833 11 2 theme published 1769:1777 arg1 species 1739:1745 their closely related species 1717:1745 their closely related species 1717:1745 An array of phenotypic characteristics also differentiated the strains from their closely related species, the only two validly published Longispora species. 28920833 11 2 theme published 1769:1777 arg1 species 1790:1796 the only two validly published Longispora species 1748:1796 the only two validly published Longispora species 1748:1796 An array of phenotypic characteristics also differentiated the strains from their closely related species, the only two validly published Longispora species. 28920833 14 3 theme AA 2095:2096 arg1 2017017T 2098:2105 =DSM 105119T=CCTCC AA 2017017T 2076:2105 =DSM 105119T=CCTCC AA 2017017T 2076:2105 The type strain is NEAU-PCY-3T (=DSM 105119T=CCTCC AA 2017017T). 28920833 14 3 theme AA 2095:2096 arg1 NEAU-PCY-3T 2063:2073 NEAU-PCY-3T 2063:2073 NEAU-PCY-3T (=DSM 105119T=CCTCC AA 2017017T) 2063:2106 The type strain is NEAU-PCY-3T (=DSM 105119T=CCTCC AA 2017017T). 28920833 14 4 theme =DSM 2076:2079 arg1 2017017T 2098:2105 =DSM 105119T=CCTCC AA 2017017T 2076:2105 =DSM 105119T=CCTCC AA 2017017T 2076:2105 The type strain is NEAU-PCY-3T (=DSM 105119T=CCTCC AA 2017017T). 28920833 14 4 theme =DSM 2076:2079 arg1 NEAU-PCY-3T 2063:2073 NEAU-PCY-3T 2063:2073 NEAU-PCY-3T (=DSM 105119T=CCTCC AA 2017017T) 2063:2106 The type strain is NEAU-PCY-3T (=DSM 105119T=CCTCC AA 2017017T). 28920833 2 5 theme rhizosphere 271:281 arg1 soil 283:286 rhizosphere soil 271:286 rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L. collected from Anshan, Liaoning Province, northeast PR China 271:366 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinomycete strains, designated NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L. collected from Anshan, Liaoning Province, northeast PR China. 28920833 8 6 theme several 1186:1192 arg1 glycolipids 1194:1204 several glycolipids 1186:1204 several glycolipids 1186:1204 The phospholipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, several glycolipids and several unknown lipids. 28920833 10 7 theme phylogenetic 1499:1510 arg1 relatives 1512:1520 closest phylogenetic relatives 1491:1520 closest phylogenetic relatives 1491:1520 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 was 83.6±0.4 %, and the values between the two strains and their closest phylogenetic relatives, belonging to the genus Longispora, were well below 70 %, supporting that they represented a distinct genomic species. 28920833 3 8 theme fulva 546:550 arg1 DSM 552:554 Longispora fulva DSM 45356T 535:561 Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) 535:576 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and that they were most closely to Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) and Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %). 28920833 3 8 theme fulva 546:550 arg1 % 575:575 98.7, 98.9 % 564:575 % 575:575 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and that they were most closely to Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) and Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %). 28920833 12 9 theme name 1998:2001 arg1 sp 2022:2023 the name Longispora urticae sp 1994:2023 the name Longispora urticae sp 1994:2023 On the basis of the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 were classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Longispora, for which the name Longispora urticae sp. 28920833 1 10 dep Urtica 63:68 arg1 L. 76:77 Urtica urens L. 63:77 Urtica urens L. 63:77 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L., and emended descriptions of the species Longisporaalbida and Longisporafulva. 28920833 12 11 theme urticae 2014:2020 arg1 sp 2022:2023 the name Longispora urticae sp 1994:2023 the name Longispora urticae sp 1994:2023 On the basis of the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 were classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Longispora, for which the name Longispora urticae sp. 28920833 11 12 theme related 1731:1737 arg1 species 1790:1796 the only two validly published Longispora species 1748:1796 the only two validly published Longispora species 1748:1796 An array of phenotypic characteristics also differentiated the strains from their closely related species, the only two validly published Longispora species. 28920833 11 12 theme related 1731:1737 arg1 species 1739:1745 their closely related species 1717:1745 their closely related species 1717:1745 An array of phenotypic characteristics also differentiated the strains from their closely related species, the only two validly published Longispora species. 28920833 4 13 from lineage 742:748 arg1 located 722:728 located 722:728 located 722:728 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains were located in the same lineage and formed a cluster with the genus Longispora. 28920833 4 13 from lineage 742:748 arg1 strains 709:715 the two strains 701:715 the two strains 701:715 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains were located in the same lineage and formed a cluster with the genus Longispora. 28920833 5 14 contain contain 828:834 arg2 MK-10 836:840 MK-10 836:840 MK-10 836:840 Both strains were observed to contain MK-10(H4) and MK-10(H6) as the predominant menaquinones. 28920833 5 14 contain contain 828:834 arg2 H4 842:843 H4 842:843 H4 842:843 Both strains were observed to contain MK-10(H4) and MK-10(H6) as the predominant menaquinones. 28920833 5 14 contain contain 828:834 arg1 strains 803:809 Both strains 798:809 Both strains 798:809 Both strains were observed to contain MK-10(H4) and MK-10(H6) as the predominant menaquinones. 28920833 5 14 contain contain 828:834 arg2 menaquinones 879:890 the predominant menaquinones 863:890 the predominant menaquinones 863:890 Both strains were observed to contain MK-10(H4) and MK-10(H6) as the predominant menaquinones. 28920833 5 14 contain contain 828:834 arg2 MK-10 850:854 MK-10 850:854 MK-10 850:854 Both strains were observed to contain MK-10(H4) and MK-10(H6) as the predominant menaquinones. 28920833 5 14 contain contain 828:834 arg2 H6 856:857 H6 856:857 H6 856:857 Both strains were observed to contain MK-10(H4) and MK-10(H6) as the predominant menaquinones. 28920833 4 15 from located 722:728 arg1 lineage 742:748 the same lineage 733:748 the same lineage 733:748 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains were located in the same lineage and formed a cluster with the genus Longispora. 28920833 6 16 theme cell 897:900 arg1 peptidoglycan 907:919 The cell wall peptidoglycan 893:919 The cell wall peptidoglycan 893:919 The cell wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, d-glutamic acid, glycine and l-alanine. 28920833 12 17 dep strains 1870:1876 arg1 strains 1870:1876 strains 1870:1876 strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 1870:1903 On the basis of the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 were classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Longispora, for which the name Longispora urticae sp. 28920833 12 17 dep strains 1870:1876 arg1 NEAU-PCY-4 1894:1903 NEAU-PCY-4 1894:1903 NEAU-PCY-4 1894:1903 On the basis of the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 were classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Longispora, for which the name Longispora urticae sp. 28920833 12 17 dep strains 1870:1876 arg1 NEAU-PCY-3T 1878:1888 NEAU-PCY-3T 1878:1888 NEAU-PCY-3T 1878:1888 On the basis of the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 were classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Longispora, for which the name Longispora urticae sp. 28920833 2 18 attach isolated 257:264 arg2 strains 204:210 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinomycete strains 158:210 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinomycete strains 158:210 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinomycete strains, designated NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L. collected from Anshan, Liaoning Province, northeast PR China. 28920833 2 18 attach isolated 257:264 arg1 soil 283:286 rhizosphere soil 271:286 rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L. collected from Anshan, Liaoning Province, northeast PR China 271:366 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinomycete strains, designated NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L. collected from Anshan, Liaoning Province, northeast PR China. 28920833 4 19 with cluster 763:769 arg1 Longispora 786:795 the genus Longispora 776:795 the genus Longispora 776:795 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains were located in the same lineage and formed a cluster with the genus Longispora. 28920833 9 20 dep iso-C16  1293:1300 arg1  0 1302:1303  0 1302:1303  0 1302:1303 The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω5c. 28920833 9 20 dep iso-C16  1293:1300 arg1 iso-C16  1293:1300 iso-C16  1293:1300 iso-C16  1293:1300 The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω5c. 28920833 9 20 dep iso-C16  1293:1300 arg1 acids 1259:1263 The major cellular fatty acids 1234:1263 The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T 1234:1286 The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω5c. 28920833 12 21 dep properties 1858:1867 arg1 the 1802:1804 the 1802:1804 the 1802:1804 On the basis of the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 were classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Longispora, for which the name Longispora urticae sp. 28920833 12 21 dep properties 1858:1867 arg1 basis 1806:1810 basis 1806:1810 basis 1806:1810 On the basis of the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 were classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Longispora, for which the name Longispora urticae sp. 28920833 2 22 dep Urtica 291:296 arg1 L. 304:305 Urtica urens L. 291:305 Urtica urens L. collected from Anshan, Liaoning Province, northeast PR China 291:366 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinomycete strains, designated NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L. collected from Anshan, Liaoning Province, northeast PR China. 28920833 11 23 theme characteristics 1664:1678 arg1 array 1644:1648 An array 1641:1648 An array of phenotypic characteristics 1641:1678 An array of phenotypic characteristics also differentiated the strains from their closely related species, the only two validly published Longispora species. 28920833 11 24 from species 1739:1745 arg1 strains 1704:1710 the strains 1700:1710 the strains from their closely related species, the only two validly published Longispora species 1700:1796 An array of phenotypic characteristics also differentiated the strains from their closely related species, the only two validly published Longispora species. 28920833 1 25 dep Longisporaalbida 120:135 arg1 descriptions 92:103 emended descriptions 84:103 emended descriptions of the species 84:118 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L., and emended descriptions of the species Longisporaalbida and Longisporafulva. 28920833 1 25 dep Longisporaalbida 120:135 arg1 nov. 23:26 nov. 23:26 nov. 23:26 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L., and emended descriptions of the species Longisporaalbida and Longisporafulva. 28920833 10 26 dep strains 1391:1397 arg1 strains 1391:1397 strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 1391:1424 strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 1391:1424 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 was 83.6±0.4 %, and the values between the two strains and their closest phylogenetic relatives, belonging to the genus Longispora, were well below 70 %, supporting that they represented a distinct genomic species. 28920833 10 26 dep strains 1391:1397 arg1 NEAU-PCY-4 1415:1424 NEAU-PCY-4 1415:1424 NEAU-PCY-4 1415:1424 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 was 83.6±0.4 %, and the values between the two strains and their closest phylogenetic relatives, belonging to the genus Longispora, were well below 70 %, supporting that they represented a distinct genomic species. 28920833 10 26 dep strains 1391:1397 arg1 NEAU-PCY-3T 1399:1409 NEAU-PCY-3T 1399:1409 NEAU-PCY-3T 1399:1409 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 was 83.6±0.4 %, and the values between the two strains and their closest phylogenetic relatives, belonging to the genus Longispora, were well below 70 %, supporting that they represented a distinct genomic species. 28920833 9 27 theme cellular 1244:1251 arg1  0 1302:1303  0 1302:1303  0 1302:1303 The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω5c. 28920833 9 27 theme cellular 1244:1251 arg1 iso-C16  1293:1300 iso-C16  1293:1300 iso-C16  1293:1300 The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω5c. 28920833 9 27 theme cellular 1244:1251 arg1 acids 1259:1263 The major cellular fatty acids 1234:1263 The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T 1234:1286 The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω5c. 28920833 12 28 theme genetic 1819:1825 arg1 properties 1858:1867 the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties 1815:1867 the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties 1815:1867 On the basis of the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 were classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Longispora, for which the name Longispora urticae sp. 28920833 3 29 theme 16S 450:452 arg1 similarity 473:482 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 443:482 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 443:482 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and that they were most closely to Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) and Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %). 28920833 4 30 located located 722:728 arg2 located 722:728 located 722:728 located 722:728 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains were located in the same lineage and formed a cluster with the genus Longispora. 28920833 4 30 located located 722:728 arg2 strains 709:715 the two strains 701:715 the two strains 701:715 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains were located in the same lineage and formed a cluster with the genus Longispora. 28920833 4 30 located located 722:728 arg1 lineage 742:748 the same lineage 733:748 the same lineage 733:748 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains were located in the same lineage and formed a cluster with the genus Longispora. 28920833 1 31 theme Urtica 63:68 arg1 soil 55:58 rhizosphere soil 43:58 rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L. 43:77 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L., and emended descriptions of the species Longisporaalbida and Longisporafulva. 28920833 3 32 theme 16S 373:375 arg1 rRNA 377:380 The 16S rRNA 369:380 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 369:403 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and that they were most closely to Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) and Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %). 28920833 9 33 dep  0 1302:1303 arg1  0 1332:1333  0 1332:1333  0 1332:1333 The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω5c. 28920833 9 33 dep  0 1302:1303 arg1  1ω5c 1344:1348  1ω5c 1344:1348  1ω5c 1344:1348 The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω5c. 28920833 9 33 dep  0 1302:1303 arg1  0 1315:1316  0 1315:1316  0 1315:1316 The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω5c. 28920833 9 33 dep  0 1302:1303 arg1 C18  1339:1342 C18  1339:1342 C18  1339:1342 The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω5c. 28920833 10 34 theme hybridization 1363:1375 arg1 value 1377:1381 The DNA-DNA hybridization value 1351:1381 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 1351:1424 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 was 83.6±0.4 %, and the values between the two strains and their closest phylogenetic relatives, belonging to the genus Longispora, were well below 70 %, supporting that they represented a distinct genomic species. 28920833 4 35 theme 16S 662:664 arg1 sequences 676:684 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 658:684 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 658:684 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains were located in the same lineage and formed a cluster with the genus Longispora. 28920833 0 36 theme Longispora 0:9 arg1 sp 19:20 Longispora urticae sp 0:20 Longispora urticae sp. 0:21 Longispora urticae sp. 28920833 9 37 theme strain 1269:1274 arg1 NEAU-PCY-3T 1276:1286 strain NEAU-PCY-3T 1269:1286 strain NEAU-PCY-3T 1269:1286 The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω5c. 28920833 2 38 theme Gram-stain-positive 162:180 arg1 strains 204:210 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinomycete strains 158:210 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinomycete strains 158:210 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinomycete strains, designated NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L. collected from Anshan, Liaoning Province, northeast PR China. 28920833 2 39 theme PR 359:360 arg1 Province 339:346 Province 339:346 Province 339:346 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinomycete strains, designated NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L. collected from Anshan, Liaoning Province, northeast PR China. 28920833 2 39 theme PR 359:360 arg1 China 362:366 northeast PR China 349:366 northeast PR China 349:366 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinomycete strains, designated NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L. collected from Anshan, Liaoning Province, northeast PR China. 28920833 4 40 theme gene 671:674 arg1 sequences 676:684 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 658:684 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 658:684 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains were located in the same lineage and formed a cluster with the genus Longispora. 28920833 3 41 theme % 448:448 arg1 similarity 473:482 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 443:482 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 443:482 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and that they were most closely to Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) and Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %). 28920833 3 42 theme JCM 600:602 arg1 % 623:623 97.1, 97.2 % 612:623 97.1, 97.2 % 612:623 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and that they were most closely to Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) and Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %). 28920833 3 42 theme JCM 600:602 arg1 11711T 604:609 Longispora albida JCM 11711T 582:609 Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %) 582:624 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and that they were most closely to Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) and Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %). 28920833 3 43 theme gene 382:385 arg1 analysis 396:403 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 369:403 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 369:403 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and that they were most closely to Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) and Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %). 28920833 3 44 theme Longispora 582:591 arg1 % 623:623 97.1, 97.2 % 612:623 97.1, 97.2 % 612:623 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and that they were most closely to Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) and Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %). 28920833 3 44 theme Longispora 582:591 arg1 11711T 604:609 Longispora albida JCM 11711T 582:609 Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %) 582:624 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and that they were most closely to Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) and Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %). 28920833 3 45 theme sequence 464:471 arg1 similarity 473:482 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 443:482 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 443:482 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and that they were most closely to Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) and Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %). 28920833 3 46 theme rRNA 454:457 arg1 similarity 473:482 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 443:482 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 443:482 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and that they were most closely to Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) and Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %). 28920833 11 47 theme Longispora 1779:1788 arg1 species 1739:1745 their closely related species 1717:1745 their closely related species 1717:1745 An array of phenotypic characteristics also differentiated the strains from their closely related species, the only two validly published Longispora species. 28920833 11 47 theme Longispora 1779:1788 arg1 species 1790:1796 the only two validly published Longispora species 1748:1796 the only two validly published Longispora species 1748:1796 An array of phenotypic characteristics also differentiated the strains from their closely related species, the only two validly published Longispora species. 28920833 2 48 theme northeast 349:357 arg1 Province 339:346 Province 339:346 Province 339:346 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinomycete strains, designated NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L. collected from Anshan, Liaoning Province, northeast PR China. 28920833 2 48 theme northeast 349:357 arg1 China 362:366 northeast PR China 349:366 northeast PR China 349:366 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinomycete strains, designated NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L. collected from Anshan, Liaoning Province, northeast PR China. 28920833 6 49 theme d-glutamic 968:977 arg1 acid 979:982 d-glutamic acid 968:982 d-glutamic acid 968:982 The cell wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, d-glutamic acid, glycine and l-alanine. 28920833 2 50 theme Urtica 291:296 arg1 soil 283:286 rhizosphere soil 271:286 rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L. collected from Anshan, Liaoning Province, northeast PR China 271:366 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinomycete strains, designated NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L. collected from Anshan, Liaoning Province, northeast PR China. 28920833 4 51 theme genus 780:784 arg1 Longispora 786:795 the genus Longispora 776:795 the genus Longispora 776:795 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains were located in the same lineage and formed a cluster with the genus Longispora. 28920833 12 52 theme genus 1966:1970 arg1 Longispora 1972:1981 the genus Longispora 1962:1981 the genus Longispora 1962:1981 On the basis of the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 were classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Longispora, for which the name Longispora urticae sp. 28920833 2 53 dep Gram-stain-positive 162:180 arg1 aerobic 183:189 aerobic 183:189 aerobic 183:189 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinomycete strains, designated NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L. collected from Anshan, Liaoning Province, northeast PR China. 28920833 14 54 theme 105119T=CCTCC 2081:2093 arg1 2017017T 2098:2105 =DSM 105119T=CCTCC AA 2017017T 2076:2105 =DSM 105119T=CCTCC AA 2017017T 2076:2105 The type strain is NEAU-PCY-3T (=DSM 105119T=CCTCC AA 2017017T). 28920833 14 54 theme 105119T=CCTCC 2081:2093 arg1 NEAU-PCY-3T 2063:2073 NEAU-PCY-3T 2063:2073 NEAU-PCY-3T (=DSM 105119T=CCTCC AA 2017017T) 2063:2106 The type strain is NEAU-PCY-3T (=DSM 105119T=CCTCC AA 2017017T). 28920833 7 55 contain contained 1039:1047 arg2 xylose 1071:1076 xylose 1071:1076 xylose 1071:1076 Whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained galactose, ribose and xylose. 28920833 7 55 contain contained 1039:1047 arg1 hydrolysates 1019:1030 Whole-cell hydrolysates 1008:1030 Whole-cell hydrolysates 1008:1030 Whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained galactose, ribose and xylose. 28920833 7 55 contain contained 1039:1047 arg2 galactose 1049:1057 galactose 1049:1057 galactose 1049:1057 Whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained galactose, ribose and xylose. 28920833 7 55 contain contained 1039:1047 arg2 ribose 1060:1065 ribose 1060:1065 ribose 1060:1065 Whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained galactose, ribose and xylose. 28920833 3 56 theme Longispora 535:544 arg1 DSM 552:554 Longispora fulva DSM 45356T 535:561 Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) 535:576 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and that they were most closely to Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) and Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %). 28920833 3 56 theme Longispora 535:544 arg1 % 575:575 98.7, 98.9 % 564:575 % 575:575 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and that they were most closely to Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) and Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %). 28920833 10 57 theme closest 1491:1497 arg1 relatives 1512:1520 closest phylogenetic relatives 1491:1520 closest phylogenetic relatives 1491:1520 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 was 83.6±0.4 %, and the values between the two strains and their closest phylogenetic relatives, belonging to the genus Longispora, were well below 70 %, supporting that they represented a distinct genomic species. 28920833 8 58 theme phospholipid 1083:1094 arg1 profile 1096:1102 The phospholipid profile 1079:1102 The phospholipid profile 1079:1102 The phospholipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, several glycolipids and several unknown lipids. 28920833 14 59 theme type 2048:2051 arg1 NEAU-PCY-3T 2063:2073 NEAU-PCY-3T 2063:2073 NEAU-PCY-3T (=DSM 105119T=CCTCC AA 2017017T) 2063:2106 The type strain is NEAU-PCY-3T (=DSM 105119T=CCTCC AA 2017017T). 28920833 14 59 theme type 2048:2051 arg1 strain 2053:2058 The type strain 2044:2058 The type strain 2044:2058 The type strain is NEAU-PCY-3T (=DSM 105119T=CCTCC AA 2017017T). 28920833 12 60 theme chemotaxonomic 1828:1841 arg1 properties 1858:1867 the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties 1815:1867 the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties 1815:1867 On the basis of the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 were classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Longispora, for which the name Longispora urticae sp. 28920833 12 61 theme Longispora 2003:2012 arg1 sp 2022:2023 the name Longispora urticae sp 1994:2023 the name Longispora urticae sp 1994:2023 On the basis of the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 were classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Longispora, for which the name Longispora urticae sp. 28920833 8 62 contain contained 1104:1112 arg2 phosphatidylethanolamine 1138:1161 phosphatidylethanolamine 1138:1161 phosphatidylethanolamine 1138:1161 The phospholipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, several glycolipids and several unknown lipids. 28920833 8 62 contain contained 1104:1112 arg2 lipids 1226:1231 several unknown lipids 1210:1231 several unknown lipids 1210:1231 The phospholipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, several glycolipids and several unknown lipids. 28920833 8 62 contain contained 1104:1112 arg1 profile 1096:1102 The phospholipid profile 1079:1102 The phospholipid profile 1079:1102 The phospholipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, several glycolipids and several unknown lipids. 28920833 8 62 contain contained 1104:1112 arg2 glycolipids 1194:1204 several glycolipids 1186:1204 several glycolipids 1186:1204 The phospholipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, several glycolipids and several unknown lipids. 28920833 8 62 contain contained 1104:1112 arg2 phosphatidylinositol 1164:1183 phosphatidylinositol 1164:1183 phosphatidylinositol 1164:1183 The phospholipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, several glycolipids and several unknown lipids. 28920833 8 62 contain contained 1104:1112 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 1114:1135 diphosphatidylglycerol 1114:1135 diphosphatidylglycerol 1114:1135 The phospholipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, several glycolipids and several unknown lipids. 28920833 1 63 theme emended 84:90 arg1 descriptions 92:103 emended descriptions 84:103 emended descriptions of the species 84:118 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L., and emended descriptions of the species Longisporaalbida and Longisporafulva. 28920833 12 64 theme phenotypic 1847:1856 arg1 properties 1858:1867 the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties 1815:1867 the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties 1815:1867 On the basis of the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 were classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Longispora, for which the name Longispora urticae sp. 28920833 12 65 theme Longispora 1972:1981 arg1 species 1951:1957 a novel species 1943:1957 a novel species of the genus Longispora 1943:1981 On the basis of the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 were classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Longispora, for which the name Longispora urticae sp. 28920833 4 66 theme Phylogenetic 627:638 arg1 analysis 640:647 Phylogenetic analysis 627:647 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences 627:684 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains were located in the same lineage and formed a cluster with the genus Longispora. 28920833 6 67 theme wall 902:905 arg1 peptidoglycan 907:919 The cell wall peptidoglycan 893:919 The cell wall peptidoglycan 893:919 The cell wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, d-glutamic acid, glycine and l-alanine. 28920833 1 68 theme species 112:118 arg1 descriptions 92:103 emended descriptions 84:103 emended descriptions of the species 84:118 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L., and emended descriptions of the species Longisporaalbida and Longisporafulva. 28920833 1 68 theme species 112:118 arg1 nov. 23:26 nov. 23:26 nov. 23:26 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L., and emended descriptions of the species Longisporaalbida and Longisporafulva. 28920833 6 69 contain contain 934:940 arg1 peptidoglycan 907:919 The cell wall peptidoglycan 893:919 The cell wall peptidoglycan 893:919 The cell wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, d-glutamic acid, glycine and l-alanine. 28920833 6 69 contain contain 934:940 arg2 acid 962:965 meso-diaminopimelic acid 942:965 meso-diaminopimelic acid 942:965 The cell wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, d-glutamic acid, glycine and l-alanine. 28920833 6 69 contain contain 934:940 arg2 glycine 985:991 glycine 985:991 glycine 985:991 The cell wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, d-glutamic acid, glycine and l-alanine. 28920833 6 69 contain contain 934:940 arg2 l-alanine 997:1005 l-alanine 997:1005 l-alanine 997:1005 The cell wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, d-glutamic acid, glycine and l-alanine. 28920833 6 69 contain contain 934:940 arg2 acid 979:982 d-glutamic acid 968:982 d-glutamic acid 968:982 The cell wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, d-glutamic acid, glycine and l-alanine. 28920833 12 70 theme species 1951:1957 arg1 strains 1870:1876 strains 1870:1876 strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 1870:1903 On the basis of the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 were classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Longispora, for which the name Longispora urticae sp. 28920833 12 70 theme species 1951:1957 arg1 representatives 1924:1938 representatives 1924:1938 representatives 1924:1938 On the basis of the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 were classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Longispora, for which the name Longispora urticae sp. 28920833 9 71 theme major 1238:1242 arg1  0 1302:1303  0 1302:1303  0 1302:1303 The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω5c. 28920833 9 71 theme major 1238:1242 arg1 iso-C16  1293:1300 iso-C16  1293:1300 iso-C16  1293:1300 The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω5c. 28920833 9 71 theme major 1238:1242 arg1 acids 1259:1263 The major cellular fatty acids 1234:1263 The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T 1234:1286 The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω5c. 28920833 1 72 theme rhizosphere 43:53 arg1 soil 55:58 rhizosphere soil 43:58 rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L. 43:77 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L., and emended descriptions of the species Longisporaalbida and Longisporafulva. 28920833 1 73 attach isolated 29:36 arg2 nov. 23:26 nov. 23:26 nov. 23:26 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L., and emended descriptions of the species Longisporaalbida and Longisporafulva. 28920833 1 73 attach isolated 29:36 arg1 soil 55:58 rhizosphere soil 43:58 rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L. 43:77 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L., and emended descriptions of the species Longisporaalbida and Longisporafulva. 28920833 9 74 theme fatty 1253:1257 arg1  0 1302:1303  0 1302:1303  0 1302:1303 The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω5c. 28920833 9 74 theme fatty 1253:1257 arg1 iso-C16  1293:1300 iso-C16  1293:1300 iso-C16  1293:1300 The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω5c. 28920833 9 74 theme fatty 1253:1257 arg1 acids 1259:1263 The major cellular fatty acids 1234:1263 The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T 1234:1286 The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω5c. 28920833 11 75 theme phenotypic 1653:1662 arg1 characteristics 1664:1678 phenotypic characteristics 1653:1678 phenotypic characteristics 1653:1678 An array of phenotypic characteristics also differentiated the strains from their closely related species, the only two validly published Longispora species. 28920833 0 76 theme urticae 11:17 arg1 sp 19:20 Longispora urticae sp 0:20 Longispora urticae sp. 0:21 Longispora urticae sp. 28920833 6 77 theme meso-diaminopimelic 942:960 arg1 acid 962:965 meso-diaminopimelic acid 942:965 meso-diaminopimelic acid 942:965 The cell wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, d-glutamic acid, glycine and l-alanine. 28920833 3 78 theme rRNA 377:380 arg1 analysis 396:403 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 369:403 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 369:403 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and that they were most closely to Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) and Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %). 28920833 10 79 theme DNA-DNA 1355:1361 arg1 hybridization 1363:1375 The DNA-DNA hybridization 1351:1375 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 1351:1424 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 was 83.6±0.4 %, and the values between the two strains and their closest phylogenetic relatives, belonging to the genus Longispora, were well below 70 %, supporting that they represented a distinct genomic species. 28920833 10 80 theme genus 1540:1544 arg1 Longispora 1546:1555 the genus Longispora 1536:1555 the genus Longispora 1536:1555 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 was 83.6±0.4 %, and the values between the two strains and their closest phylogenetic relatives, belonging to the genus Longispora, were well below 70 %, supporting that they represented a distinct genomic species. 28920833 3 81 theme albida 593:598 arg1 % 623:623 97.1, 97.2 % 612:623 97.1, 97.2 % 612:623 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and that they were most closely to Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) and Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %). 28920833 3 81 theme albida 593:598 arg1 11711T 604:609 Longispora albida JCM 11711T 582:609 Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %) 582:624 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and that they were most closely to Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) and Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %). 28920833 4 82 theme rRNA 666:669 arg1 sequences 676:684 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 658:684 the 16S rRNA gene sequences 658:684 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains were located in the same lineage and formed a cluster with the genus Longispora. 28920833 10 83 theme genomic 1624:1630 arg1 species 1632:1638 a distinct genomic species 1613:1638 a distinct genomic species 1613:1638 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 was 83.6±0.4 %, and the values between the two strains and their closest phylogenetic relatives, belonging to the genus Longispora, were well below 70 %, supporting that they represented a distinct genomic species. 28920833 8 84 theme unknown 1218:1224 arg1 lipids 1226:1231 several unknown lipids 1210:1231 several unknown lipids 1210:1231 The phospholipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, several glycolipids and several unknown lipids. 28920833 3 85 theme 99.9  443:447 arg1 % 448:448 % 448:448 % 448:448 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and that they were most closely to Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) and Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %). 28920833 3 86 theme sequence 387:394 arg1 analysis 396:403 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 369:403 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 369:403 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and that they were most closely to Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) and Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %). 28920833 4 87 theme same 737:740 arg1 lineage 742:748 the same lineage 733:748 the same lineage 733:748 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains were located in the same lineage and formed a cluster with the genus Longispora. 28920833 2 88 theme actinomycete 191:202 arg1 strains 204:210 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinomycete strains 158:210 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinomycete strains 158:210 Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinomycete strains, designated NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L. collected from Anshan, Liaoning Province, northeast PR China. 28920833 3 89 theme gene 459:462 arg1 similarity 473:482 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 443:482 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 443:482 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and that they were most closely to Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) and Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %). 28920833 8 90 theme several 1210:1216 arg1 lipids 1226:1231 several unknown lipids 1210:1231 several unknown lipids 1210:1231 The phospholipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, several glycolipids and several unknown lipids. 28920833 5 91 theme predominant 867:877 arg1 menaquinones 879:890 the predominant menaquinones 863:890 the predominant menaquinones 863:890 Both strains were observed to contain MK-10(H4) and MK-10(H6) as the predominant menaquinones. 28920833 5 91 theme predominant 867:877 arg1 MK-10 850:854 MK-10 850:854 MK-10 850:854 Both strains were observed to contain MK-10(H4) and MK-10(H6) as the predominant menaquinones. 28920833 5 91 theme predominant 867:877 arg1 MK-10 836:840 MK-10 836:840 MK-10 836:840 Both strains were observed to contain MK-10(H4) and MK-10(H6) as the predominant menaquinones. 28920833 10 92 theme distinct 1615:1622 arg1 species 1632:1638 a distinct genomic species 1613:1638 a distinct genomic species 1613:1638 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 was 83.6±0.4 %, and the values between the two strains and their closest phylogenetic relatives, belonging to the genus Longispora, were well below 70 %, supporting that they represented a distinct genomic species. 28405720 6 0 theme proteins 1030:1037 arg1 expression 1001:1010 the expression 997:1010 the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1 997:1052 In naive CerS2-/- mice, the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1 was almost completely lost in the colon epithelium, leading to increased membrane permeability. 28405720 12 1 theme associated 1895:1904 arg1 changes 1906:1912 associated changes 1895:1912 associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon 1895:2078 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 2 2 theme molecular 218:226 arg1 mechanisms 228:237 The molecular mechanisms 214:237 The molecular mechanisms 214:237 The molecular mechanisms are not well understood, but likely involve dysregulation of membrane composition, fluidity, and permeability, which are all essentially regulated by sphingolipids, including ceramides of different chain length and saturation. 28405720 6 3 theme increased 1117:1125 arg1 permeability 1136:1147 increased membrane permeability 1117:1147 increased membrane permeability 1117:1147 In naive CerS2-/- mice, the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1 was almost completely lost in the colon epithelium, leading to increased membrane permeability. 28405720 10 4 theme immune 1675:1680 arg1 cells 1682:1686 immune cells 1675:1686 immune cells 1675:1686 This was associated with stronger upregulation of cytokines in CerS2-/- mice and increased infiltration of the colon wall by immune cells, particularly monocytes, CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells, and an increase in tumor burden. 28405720 12 5 from changes 1906:1912 arg1 sphingolipids 1925:1937 several sphingolipids 1917:1937 several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine 1917:2065 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 12 5 from changes 1906:1912 arg1 sphinganine 2055:2065 sphinganine 2055:2065 sphinganine 2055:2065 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 12 5 from changes 1906:1912 arg1 colon 2074:2078 the colon 2070:2078 the colon 2070:2078 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 12 5 from changes 1906:1912 arg1 increase 2002:2009 an increase 1999:2009 an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 1999:2048 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 12 5 from changes 1906:1912 arg1 drop 1949:1952 a drop 1947:1952 a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 1947:1996 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 4 6 theme chronic 778:784 arg1 colitis 794:800 acute DSS and chronic AOM/DSS colitis 764:800 colitis 794:800 CerS2-/- mice developed more severe disease than CerS2+/+ mice in acute DSS and chronic AOM/DSS colitis. 28405720 11 7 theme function 1839:1846 arg1 maintenance 1810:1820 the maintenance 1806:1820 the maintenance of colon barrier function and epithelial integrity 1806:1871 In conclusion, CerS2 is crucial for the maintenance of colon barrier function and epithelial integrity. 28405720 10 8 theme wall 1667:1670 arg1 infiltration 1641:1652 increased infiltration 1631:1652 increased infiltration of the colon wall by immune cells, particularly monocytes, CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells, and an increase in tumor burden 1631:1767 This was associated with stronger upregulation of cytokines in CerS2-/- mice and increased infiltration of the colon wall by immune cells, particularly monocytes, CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells, and an increase in tumor burden. 28405720 10 8 theme wall 1667:1670 arg1 upregulation 1584:1595 stronger upregulation 1575:1595 stronger upregulation of cytokines in CerS2-/- mice 1575:1625 This was associated with stronger upregulation of cytokines in CerS2-/- mice and increased infiltration of the colon wall by immune cells, particularly monocytes, CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells, and an increase in tumor burden. 28405720 5 9 from sphinganine 933:943 arg1 plasma 948:953 plasma 948:953 plasma 948:953 Deletion of CerS2 strongly reduced very long-chain ceramides (Cer24:0, 24:1) but concomitantly increased long-chain ceramides and sphinganine in plasma and colon tissue. 28405720 5 9 from sphinganine 933:943 arg1 tissue 965:970 colon tissue 959:970 colon tissue 959:970 Deletion of CerS2 strongly reduced very long-chain ceramides (Cer24:0, 24:1) but concomitantly increased long-chain ceramides and sphinganine in plasma and colon tissue. 28405720 1 10 theme inflammatory 162:173 arg1 disease 181:187 inflammatory bowel disease 162:187 inflammatory bowel disease 162:187 Loss of intestinal barrier functions is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease like ulcerative colitis. 28405720 12 11 theme CerS2 1874:1878 arg1 knockdown 1880:1888 CerS2 knockdown 1874:1888 CerS2 knockdown 1874:1888 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 10 12 from infiltration 1641:1652 arg1 mice 1622:1625 CerS2-/- mice 1613:1625 CerS2-/- mice 1613:1625 This was associated with stronger upregulation of cytokines in CerS2-/- mice and increased infiltration of the colon wall by immune cells, particularly monocytes, CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells, and an increase in tumor burden. 28405720 12 13 theme ceramides/ 2025:2034 arg1 -ceramides 2039:2048 long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 2014:2048 long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 2014:2048 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 3 14 theme UC 694:695 arg1 model 685:689 the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model 648:689 the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC 648:695 Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. 28405720 2 15 theme composition 309:319 arg1 dysregulation 283:295 dysregulation 283:295 dysregulation of membrane composition, fluidity, and permeability 283:347 The molecular mechanisms are not well understood, but likely involve dysregulation of membrane composition, fluidity, and permeability, which are all essentially regulated by sphingolipids, including ceramides of different chain length and saturation. 28405720 1 16 theme disease 181:187 arg1 Loss 108:111 Loss 108:111 Loss of intestinal barrier functions 108:143 Loss of intestinal barrier functions is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease like ulcerative colitis. 28405720 1 16 theme disease 181:187 arg1 hallmark 150:157 a hallmark 148:157 a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease like ulcerative colitis 148:211 Loss of intestinal barrier functions is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease like ulcerative colitis. 28405720 10 17 theme CD4+ 1713:1716 arg1 T-cells 1728:1734 CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells 1713:1734 CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells 1713:1734 This was associated with stronger upregulation of cytokines in CerS2-/- mice and increased infiltration of the colon wall by immune cells, particularly monocytes, CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells, and an increase in tumor burden. 28405720 1 18 theme ulcerative 194:203 arg1 colitis 205:211 ulcerative colitis 194:211 ulcerative colitis 194:211 Loss of intestinal barrier functions is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease like ulcerative colitis. 28405720 10 19 theme Th17+ 1722:1726 arg1 T-cells 1728:1734 CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells 1713:1734 CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells 1713:1734 This was associated with stronger upregulation of cytokines in CerS2-/- mice and increased infiltration of the colon wall by immune cells, particularly monocytes, CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells, and an increase in tumor burden. 28405720 10 20 theme increased 1631:1639 arg1 infiltration 1641:1652 increased infiltration 1631:1652 increased infiltration of the colon wall by immune cells, particularly monocytes, CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells, and an increase in tumor burden 1631:1767 This was associated with stronger upregulation of cytokines in CerS2-/- mice and increased infiltration of the colon wall by immune cells, particularly monocytes, CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells, and an increase in tumor burden. 28405720 12 21 theme ceramides/ 1973:1982 arg1 -ceramides 1987:1996 very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 1957:1996 very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 1957:1996 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 3 22 theme synthase 572:579 arg1 impact 553:558 the impact 549:558 the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC 549:695 Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. 28405720 8 23 theme membrane 1235:1242 arg1 permeability 1244:1255 membrane permeability 1235:1255 membrane permeability in CerS2-/- mice 1235:1272 The increase in membrane permeability in CerS2-/- mice did not manifest with apparent clinical symptoms in naive mice, but with slight inflammatory signs such as an increase in monocytes and IL-10. 28405720 9 24 theme DSS 1429:1431 arg1 treatment 1433:1441 DSS treatment 1429:1441 DSS treatment 1429:1441 AOM/DSS and DSS treatment alone led to a further deterioration of membrane integrity and to severe clinical symptoms of the disease. 28405720 10 25 from cells 1682:1686 arg1 burden 1762:1767 tumor burden 1756:1767 tumor burden 1756:1767 This was associated with stronger upregulation of cytokines in CerS2-/- mice and increased infiltration of the colon wall by immune cells, particularly monocytes, CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells, and an increase in tumor burden. 28405720 12 26 theme dh 1984:1985 arg1 -ceramides 1987:1996 very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 1957:1996 very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 1957:1996 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 11 27 from crucial 1794:1800 arg1 conclusion 1773:1782 conclusion 1773:1782 conclusion 1773:1782 In conclusion, CerS2 is crucial for the maintenance of colon barrier function and epithelial integrity. 28405720 3 28 theme key 586:588 arg1 enzyme 590:595 a key enzyme 584:595 a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides 584:642 Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. 28405720 3 28 theme key 586:588 arg1 synthase 572:579 ceramide synthase 2 563:581 ceramide synthase 2 563:581 Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. 28405720 4 29 from disease 734:740 arg1 colitis 794:800 acute DSS and chronic AOM/DSS colitis 764:800 colitis 794:800 CerS2-/- mice developed more severe disease than CerS2+/+ mice in acute DSS and chronic AOM/DSS colitis. 28405720 4 29 from disease 734:740 arg1 DSS 770:772 acute DSS and chronic AOM/DSS colitis 764:800 DSS 770:772 CerS2-/- mice developed more severe disease than CerS2+/+ mice in acute DSS and chronic AOM/DSS colitis. 28405720 5 30 theme long-chain 843:852 arg1 ceramides 854:862 very long-chain ceramides 838:862 very long-chain ceramides (Cer24:0, 24:1) 838:878 Deletion of CerS2 strongly reduced very long-chain ceramides (Cer24:0, 24:1) but concomitantly increased long-chain ceramides and sphinganine in plasma and colon tissue. 28405720 11 31 from conclusion 1773:1782 arg1 crucial 1794:1800 crucial 1794:1800 crucial 1794:1800 In conclusion, CerS2 is crucial for the maintenance of colon barrier function and epithelial integrity. 28405720 12 32 theme endogenous 2092:2101 arg1 defense 2103:2109 endogenous defense 2092:2109 endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome 2092:2143 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 0 33 theme colon 83:87 arg1 integrity 97:105 colon barrier integrity 83:105 colon barrier integrity 83:105 Ceramide synthase 2 deficiency aggravates AOM-DSS-induced colitis in mice: role of colon barrier integrity. 28405720 8 34 from increase 1223:1230 arg1 permeability 1244:1255 membrane permeability 1235:1255 membrane permeability in CerS2-/- mice 1235:1272 The increase in membrane permeability in CerS2-/- mice did not manifest with apparent clinical symptoms in naive mice, but with slight inflammatory signs such as an increase in monocytes and IL-10. 28405720 5 35 theme long-chain 908:917 arg1 ceramides 919:927 long-chain ceramides 908:927 long-chain ceramides 908:927 Deletion of CerS2 strongly reduced very long-chain ceramides (Cer24:0, 24:1) but concomitantly increased long-chain ceramides and sphinganine in plasma and colon tissue. 28405720 1 36 theme barrier 127:133 arg1 functions 135:143 intestinal barrier functions 116:143 intestinal barrier functions 116:143 Loss of intestinal barrier functions is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease like ulcerative colitis. 28405720 0 37 from colitis 58:64 arg1 mice 69:72 mice 69:72 mice 69:72 Ceramide synthase 2 deficiency aggravates AOM-DSS-induced colitis in mice: role of colon barrier integrity. 28405720 10 38 theme cytokines 1600:1608 arg1 infiltration 1641:1652 increased infiltration 1631:1652 increased infiltration of the colon wall by immune cells, particularly monocytes, CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells, and an increase in tumor burden 1631:1767 This was associated with stronger upregulation of cytokines in CerS2-/- mice and increased infiltration of the colon wall by immune cells, particularly monocytes, CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells, and an increase in tumor burden. 28405720 10 38 theme cytokines 1600:1608 arg1 upregulation 1584:1595 stronger upregulation 1575:1595 stronger upregulation of cytokines in CerS2-/- mice 1575:1625 This was associated with stronger upregulation of cytokines in CerS2-/- mice and increased infiltration of the colon wall by immune cells, particularly monocytes, CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells, and an increase in tumor burden. 28405720 5 39 dep ceramides 854:862 arg1 24:1 874:877 24:1 874:877 24:1 874:877 Deletion of CerS2 strongly reduced very long-chain ceramides (Cer24:0, 24:1) but concomitantly increased long-chain ceramides and sphinganine in plasma and colon tissue. 28405720 5 39 dep ceramides 854:862 arg1 Cer24:0 865:871 Cer24:0 865:871 Cer24:0 865:871 Deletion of CerS2 strongly reduced very long-chain ceramides (Cer24:0, 24:1) but concomitantly increased long-chain ceramides and sphinganine in plasma and colon tissue. 28405720 10 40 theme stronger 1575:1582 arg1 upregulation 1584:1595 stronger upregulation 1575:1595 stronger upregulation of cytokines in CerS2-/- mice 1575:1625 This was associated with stronger upregulation of cytokines in CerS2-/- mice and increased infiltration of the colon wall by immune cells, particularly monocytes, CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells, and an increase in tumor burden. 28405720 0 41 theme integrity 97:105 arg1 role 75:78 role 75:78 role of colon barrier integrity 75:105 Ceramide synthase 2 deficiency aggravates AOM-DSS-induced colitis in mice: role of colon barrier integrity. 28405720 10 42 from T-cells 1728:1734 arg1 burden 1762:1767 tumor burden 1756:1767 tumor burden 1756:1767 This was associated with stronger upregulation of cytokines in CerS2-/- mice and increased infiltration of the colon wall by immune cells, particularly monocytes, CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells, and an increase in tumor burden. 28405720 8 43 theme clinical 1305:1312 arg1 symptoms 1314:1321 apparent clinical symptoms 1296:1321 apparent clinical symptoms in naive mice 1296:1335 The increase in membrane permeability in CerS2-/- mice did not manifest with apparent clinical symptoms in naive mice, but with slight inflammatory signs such as an increase in monocytes and IL-10. 28405720 0 44 theme Ceramide 0:7 arg1 synthase 9:16 Ceramide synthase 2 0:18 Ceramide synthase 2 deficiency 0:29 Ceramide synthase 2 deficiency aggravates AOM-DSS-induced colitis in mice: role of colon barrier integrity. 28405720 9 45 theme integrity 1492:1500 arg1 deterioration 1466:1478 a further deterioration 1456:1478 a further deterioration of membrane integrity 1456:1500 AOM/DSS and DSS treatment alone led to a further deterioration of membrane integrity and to severe clinical symptoms of the disease. 28405720 2 46 theme chain 437:441 arg1 length 443:448 different chain length 427:448 different chain length 427:448 The molecular mechanisms are not well understood, but likely involve dysregulation of membrane composition, fluidity, and permeability, which are all essentially regulated by sphingolipids, including ceramides of different chain length and saturation. 28405720 5 47 theme colon 959:963 arg1 tissue 965:970 colon tissue 959:970 colon tissue 959:970 Deletion of CerS2 strongly reduced very long-chain ceramides (Cer24:0, 24:1) but concomitantly increased long-chain ceramides and sphinganine in plasma and colon tissue. 28405720 11 48 theme colon 1825:1829 arg1 function 1839:1846 colon barrier function 1825:1846 colon barrier function 1825:1846 In conclusion, CerS2 is crucial for the maintenance of colon barrier function and epithelial integrity. 28405720 10 49 from increase 1744:1751 arg1 burden 1762:1767 tumor burden 1756:1767 tumor burden 1756:1767 This was associated with stronger upregulation of cytokines in CerS2-/- mice and increased infiltration of the colon wall by immune cells, particularly monocytes, CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells, and an increase in tumor burden. 28405720 3 50 used used 475:478 arg2 we 472:473 we 472:473 we 472:473 Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. 28405720 9 51 theme clinical 1516:1523 arg1 symptoms 1525:1532 severe clinical symptoms 1509:1532 severe clinical symptoms of the disease 1509:1547 AOM/DSS and DSS treatment alone led to a further deterioration of membrane integrity and to severe clinical symptoms of the disease. 28405720 6 52 theme naive 976:980 arg1 mice 991:994 naive CerS2-/- mice 976:994 naive CerS2-/- mice 976:994 In naive CerS2-/- mice, the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1 was almost completely lost in the colon epithelium, leading to increased membrane permeability. 28405720 2 53 theme permeability 336:347 arg1 dysregulation 283:295 dysregulation 283:295 dysregulation of membrane composition, fluidity, and permeability 283:347 The molecular mechanisms are not well understood, but likely involve dysregulation of membrane composition, fluidity, and permeability, which are all essentially regulated by sphingolipids, including ceramides of different chain length and saturation. 28405720 0 54 dep aggravates 31:40 arg1 role 75:78 role 75:78 role of colon barrier integrity 75:105 Ceramide synthase 2 deficiency aggravates AOM-DSS-induced colitis in mice: role of colon barrier integrity. 28405720 8 55 theme slight 1347:1352 arg1 increase 1384:1391 an increase 1381:1391 an increase in monocytes and IL-10 1381:1414 The increase in membrane permeability in CerS2-/- mice did not manifest with apparent clinical symptoms in naive mice, but with slight inflammatory signs such as an increase in monocytes and IL-10. 28405720 8 55 theme slight 1347:1352 arg1 signs 1367:1371 slight inflammatory signs 1347:1371 slight inflammatory signs such as an increase in monocytes and IL-10 1347:1414 The increase in membrane permeability in CerS2-/- mice did not manifest with apparent clinical symptoms in naive mice, but with slight inflammatory signs such as an increase in monocytes and IL-10. 28405720 12 56 from drop 1949:1952 arg1 -ceramides 2039:2048 long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 2014:2048 long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 2014:2048 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 12 56 from drop 1949:1952 arg1 -ceramides 1987:1996 very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 1957:1996 very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 1957:1996 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 9 57 theme disease 1541:1547 arg1 symptoms 1525:1532 severe clinical symptoms 1509:1532 severe clinical symptoms of the disease 1509:1547 AOM/DSS and DSS treatment alone led to a further deterioration of membrane integrity and to severe clinical symptoms of the disease. 28405720 7 58 theme Caco-2 1205:1210 arg1 cells 1212:1216 CerS2 depleted Caco-2 cells 1190:1216 CerS2 depleted Caco-2 cells 1190:1216 This could also be observed in vitro in CerS2 depleted Caco-2 cells. 28405720 3 59 theme ceramides 634:642 arg1 generation 604:613 the generation 600:613 the generation of very long-chain ceramides 600:642 Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. 28405720 4 60 theme CerS2+/+ 747:754 arg1 mice 756:759 CerS2+/+ mice 747:759 CerS2+/+ mice 747:759 CerS2-/- mice developed more severe disease than CerS2+/+ mice in acute DSS and chronic AOM/DSS colitis. 28405720 3 61 theme CerS2+/+ 506:513 arg1 mice 528:531 CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice 506:531 mice 528:531 Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. 28405720 3 61 theme CerS2+/+ 506:513 arg1 model 499:503 a loss-of-function model 480:503 a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) 480:532 Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. 28405720 12 62 theme several 1917:1923 arg1 sphingolipids 1925:1937 several sphingolipids 1917:1937 several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine 1917:2065 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 12 62 theme several 1917:1923 arg1 sphinganine 2055:2065 sphinganine 2055:2065 sphinganine 2055:2065 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 12 62 theme several 1917:1923 arg1 drop 1949:1952 a drop 1947:1952 a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 1947:1996 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 12 62 theme several 1917:1923 arg1 increase 2002:2009 an increase 1999:2009 an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 1999:2048 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 3 63 theme salt 667:670 arg1 DSS 673:675 the dextran sodium salt (DSS) 648:676 the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC 648:695 Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. 28405720 8 64 from symptoms 1314:1321 arg1 mice 1332:1335 naive mice 1326:1335 naive mice 1326:1335 The increase in membrane permeability in CerS2-/- mice did not manifest with apparent clinical symptoms in naive mice, but with slight inflammatory signs such as an increase in monocytes and IL-10. 28405720 6 65 theme junction 1021:1028 arg1 ZO-1 1049:1052 ZO-1 1049:1052 ZO-1 1049:1052 In naive CerS2-/- mice, the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1 was almost completely lost in the colon epithelium, leading to increased membrane permeability. 28405720 6 65 theme junction 1021:1028 arg1 proteins 1030:1037 tight junction proteins 1015:1037 tight junction proteins including ZO-1 1015:1052 In naive CerS2-/- mice, the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1 was almost completely lost in the colon epithelium, leading to increased membrane permeability. 28405720 3 66 theme dextran 652:658 arg1 DSS 673:675 the dextran sodium salt (DSS) 648:676 the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC 648:695 Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. 28405720 3 67 theme evoked 678:683 arg1 model 685:689 the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model 648:689 the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC 648:695 Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. 28405720 3 68 theme CerS2-/- 519:526 arg1 mice 528:531 CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice 506:531 mice 528:531 Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. 28405720 3 68 theme CerS2-/- 519:526 arg1 model 499:503 a loss-of-function model 480:503 a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) 480:532 Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. 28405720 3 69 theme DSS 673:675 arg1 model 685:689 the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model 648:689 the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC 648:695 Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. 28405720 1 70 theme bowel 175:179 arg1 disease 181:187 inflammatory bowel disease 162:187 inflammatory bowel disease 162:187 Loss of intestinal barrier functions is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease like ulcerative colitis. 28405720 4 71 theme AOM/DSS 786:792 arg1 colitis 794:800 acute DSS and chronic AOM/DSS colitis 764:800 colitis 794:800 CerS2-/- mice developed more severe disease than CerS2+/+ mice in acute DSS and chronic AOM/DSS colitis. 28405720 6 72 theme colon 1088:1092 arg1 epithelium 1094:1103 the colon epithelium 1084:1103 the colon epithelium 1084:1103 In naive CerS2-/- mice, the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1 was almost completely lost in the colon epithelium, leading to increased membrane permeability. 28405720 12 73 theme long-chain 2014:2023 arg1 -ceramides 2039:2048 long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 2014:2048 long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 2014:2048 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 2 74 theme membrane 300:307 arg1 composition 309:319 membrane composition 300:319 membrane composition 300:319 The molecular mechanisms are not well understood, but likely involve dysregulation of membrane composition, fluidity, and permeability, which are all essentially regulated by sphingolipids, including ceramides of different chain length and saturation. 28405720 8 75 theme CerS2-/- 1260:1267 arg1 mice 1269:1272 CerS2-/- mice 1260:1272 CerS2-/- mice 1260:1272 The increase in membrane permeability in CerS2-/- mice did not manifest with apparent clinical symptoms in naive mice, but with slight inflammatory signs such as an increase in monocytes and IL-10. 28405720 11 76 theme epithelial 1852:1861 arg1 integrity 1863:1871 epithelial integrity 1852:1871 epithelial integrity 1852:1871 In conclusion, CerS2 is crucial for the maintenance of colon barrier function and epithelial integrity. 28405720 5 77 theme CerS2 815:819 arg1 Deletion 803:810 Deletion 803:810 Deletion of CerS2 803:819 Deletion of CerS2 strongly reduced very long-chain ceramides (Cer24:0, 24:1) but concomitantly increased long-chain ceramides and sphinganine in plasma and colon tissue. 28405720 3 78 theme ceramide 563:570 arg1 enzyme 590:595 a key enzyme 584:595 a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides 584:642 Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. 28405720 3 78 theme ceramide 563:570 arg1 synthase 572:579 ceramide synthase 2 563:581 ceramide synthase 2 563:581 Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. 28405720 12 79 theme long-chain 1962:1971 arg1 -ceramides 1987:1996 very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 1957:1996 very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 1957:1996 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 12 80 theme dh 2036:2037 arg1 -ceramides 2039:2048 long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 2014:2048 long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 2014:2048 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 1 81 theme intestinal 116:125 arg1 functions 135:143 intestinal barrier functions 116:143 intestinal barrier functions 116:143 Loss of intestinal barrier functions is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease like ulcerative colitis. 28405720 3 82 from impact 553:558 arg1 model 685:689 the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model 648:689 the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC 648:695 Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. 28405720 8 83 from increase 1384:1391 arg1 monocytes 1396:1404 monocytes 1396:1404 monocytes 1396:1404 The increase in membrane permeability in CerS2-/- mice did not manifest with apparent clinical symptoms in naive mice, but with slight inflammatory signs such as an increase in monocytes and IL-10. 28405720 8 83 from increase 1384:1391 arg1 IL-10 1410:1414 IL-10 1410:1414 IL-10 1410:1414 The increase in membrane permeability in CerS2-/- mice did not manifest with apparent clinical symptoms in naive mice, but with slight inflammatory signs such as an increase in monocytes and IL-10. 28405720 1 84 theme functions 135:143 arg1 Loss 108:111 Loss 108:111 Loss of intestinal barrier functions 108:143 Loss of intestinal barrier functions is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease like ulcerative colitis. 28405720 1 84 theme functions 135:143 arg1 hallmark 150:157 a hallmark 148:157 a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease like ulcerative colitis 148:211 Loss of intestinal barrier functions is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease like ulcerative colitis. 28405720 12 85 from sphinganine 2055:2065 arg1 -ceramides 2039:2048 long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 2014:2048 long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 2014:2048 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 12 85 from sphinganine 2055:2065 arg1 -ceramides 1987:1996 very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 1957:1996 very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 1957:1996 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 11 86 theme barrier 1831:1837 arg1 function 1839:1846 colon barrier function 1825:1846 colon barrier function 1825:1846 In conclusion, CerS2 is crucial for the maintenance of colon barrier function and epithelial integrity. 28405720 6 87 theme membrane 1127:1134 arg1 permeability 1136:1147 increased membrane permeability 1117:1147 increased membrane permeability 1117:1147 In naive CerS2-/- mice, the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1 was almost completely lost in the colon epithelium, leading to increased membrane permeability. 28405720 2 88 dep involve 275:281 arg1 regulated 376:384 regulated 376:384 are all essentially regulated by sphingolipids, including ceramides of different chain length and saturation 356:463 The molecular mechanisms are not well understood, but likely involve dysregulation of membrane composition, fluidity, and permeability, which are all essentially regulated by sphingolipids, including ceramides of different chain length and saturation. 28405720 0 89 theme barrier 89:95 arg1 integrity 97:105 colon barrier integrity 83:105 colon barrier integrity 83:105 Ceramide synthase 2 deficiency aggravates AOM-DSS-induced colitis in mice: role of colon barrier integrity. 28405720 7 90 dep depleted 1196:1203 arg1 CerS2 1190:1194 CerS2 1190:1194 CerS2 1190:1194 This could also be observed in vitro in CerS2 depleted Caco-2 cells. 28405720 10 91 from monocytes 1702:1710 arg1 burden 1762:1767 tumor burden 1756:1767 tumor burden 1756:1767 This was associated with stronger upregulation of cytokines in CerS2-/- mice and increased infiltration of the colon wall by immune cells, particularly monocytes, CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells, and an increase in tumor burden. 28405720 12 92 theme endogenous 2123:2132 arg1 microbiome 2134:2143 the endogenous microbiome 2119:2143 the endogenous microbiome 2119:2143 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 9 93 theme further 1458:1464 arg1 deterioration 1466:1478 a further deterioration 1456:1478 a further deterioration of membrane integrity 1456:1500 AOM/DSS and DSS treatment alone led to a further deterioration of membrane integrity and to severe clinical symptoms of the disease. 28405720 4 94 theme CerS2-/- 698:705 arg1 mice 707:710 CerS2-/- mice 698:710 CerS2-/- mice 698:710 CerS2-/- mice developed more severe disease than CerS2+/+ mice in acute DSS and chronic AOM/DSS colitis. 28405720 10 95 theme CerS2-/- 1613:1620 arg1 mice 1622:1625 CerS2-/- mice 1613:1625 CerS2-/- mice 1613:1625 This was associated with stronger upregulation of cytokines in CerS2-/- mice and increased infiltration of the colon wall by immune cells, particularly monocytes, CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells, and an increase in tumor burden. 28405720 12 96 from increase 2002:2009 arg1 -ceramides 2039:2048 long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 2014:2048 long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 2014:2048 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 12 96 from increase 2002:2009 arg1 -ceramides 1987:1996 very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 1957:1996 very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 1957:1996 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 6 97 theme tight 1015:1019 arg1 ZO-1 1049:1052 ZO-1 1049:1052 ZO-1 1049:1052 In naive CerS2-/- mice, the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1 was almost completely lost in the colon epithelium, leading to increased membrane permeability. 28405720 6 97 theme tight 1015:1019 arg1 proteins 1030:1037 tight junction proteins 1015:1037 tight junction proteins including ZO-1 1015:1052 In naive CerS2-/- mice, the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1 was almost completely lost in the colon epithelium, leading to increased membrane permeability. 28405720 3 98 from enzyme 590:595 arg1 generation 604:613 the generation 600:613 the generation of very long-chain ceramides 600:642 Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. 28405720 0 99 theme synthase 9:16 arg1 deficiency 20:29 Ceramide synthase 2 deficiency 0:29 Ceramide synthase 2 deficiency 0:29 Ceramide synthase 2 deficiency aggravates AOM-DSS-induced colitis in mice: role of colon barrier integrity. 28405720 9 100 theme membrane 1483:1490 arg1 integrity 1492:1500 membrane integrity 1483:1500 membrane integrity 1483:1500 AOM/DSS and DSS treatment alone led to a further deterioration of membrane integrity and to severe clinical symptoms of the disease. 28405720 2 101 theme length 443:448 arg1 ceramides 414:422 ceramides 414:422 ceramides of different chain length and saturation 414:463 The molecular mechanisms are not well understood, but likely involve dysregulation of membrane composition, fluidity, and permeability, which are all essentially regulated by sphingolipids, including ceramides of different chain length and saturation. 28405720 8 102 theme apparent 1296:1303 arg1 symptoms 1314:1321 apparent clinical symptoms 1296:1321 apparent clinical symptoms in naive mice 1296:1335 The increase in membrane permeability in CerS2-/- mice did not manifest with apparent clinical symptoms in naive mice, but with slight inflammatory signs such as an increase in monocytes and IL-10. 28405720 8 103 from permeability 1244:1255 arg1 mice 1269:1272 CerS2-/- mice 1260:1272 CerS2-/- mice 1260:1272 The increase in membrane permeability in CerS2-/- mice did not manifest with apparent clinical symptoms in naive mice, but with slight inflammatory signs such as an increase in monocytes and IL-10. 28405720 2 104 theme different 427:435 arg1 length 443:448 different chain length 427:448 different chain length 427:448 The molecular mechanisms are not well understood, but likely involve dysregulation of membrane composition, fluidity, and permeability, which are all essentially regulated by sphingolipids, including ceramides of different chain length and saturation. 28405720 10 105 theme colon 1661:1665 arg1 wall 1667:1670 the colon wall 1657:1670 the colon wall 1657:1670 This was associated with stronger upregulation of cytokines in CerS2-/- mice and increased infiltration of the colon wall by immune cells, particularly monocytes, CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells, and an increase in tumor burden. 28405720 0 106 theme AOM-DSS-induced 42:56 arg1 colitis 58:64 AOM-DSS-induced colitis 42:64 AOM-DSS-induced colitis in mice 42:72 Ceramide synthase 2 deficiency aggravates AOM-DSS-induced colitis in mice: role of colon barrier integrity. 28405720 12 107 from knockdown 1880:1888 arg1 sphingolipids 1925:1937 several sphingolipids 1917:1937 several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine 1917:2065 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 12 107 from knockdown 1880:1888 arg1 sphinganine 2055:2065 sphinganine 2055:2065 sphinganine 2055:2065 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 12 107 from knockdown 1880:1888 arg1 colon 2074:2078 the colon 2070:2078 the colon 2070:2078 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 12 107 from knockdown 1880:1888 arg1 increase 2002:2009 an increase 1999:2009 an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 1999:2048 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 12 107 from knockdown 1880:1888 arg1 drop 1949:1952 a drop 1947:1952 a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides 1947:1996 CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome. 28405720 9 108 theme severe 1509:1514 arg1 symptoms 1525:1532 severe clinical symptoms 1509:1532 severe clinical symptoms of the disease 1509:1547 AOM/DSS and DSS treatment alone led to a further deterioration of membrane integrity and to severe clinical symptoms of the disease. 28405720 6 109 theme CerS2-/- 982:989 arg1 mice 991:994 naive CerS2-/- mice 976:994 naive CerS2-/- mice 976:994 In naive CerS2-/- mice, the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1 was almost completely lost in the colon epithelium, leading to increased membrane permeability. 28405720 10 110 theme tumor 1756:1760 arg1 burden 1762:1767 tumor burden 1756:1767 tumor burden 1756:1767 This was associated with stronger upregulation of cytokines in CerS2-/- mice and increased infiltration of the colon wall by immune cells, particularly monocytes, CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells, and an increase in tumor burden. 28405720 8 111 theme naive 1326:1330 arg1 mice 1332:1335 naive mice 1326:1335 naive mice 1326:1335 The increase in membrane permeability in CerS2-/- mice did not manifest with apparent clinical symptoms in naive mice, but with slight inflammatory signs such as an increase in monocytes and IL-10. 28405720 2 112 theme saturation 454:463 arg1 ceramides 414:422 ceramides 414:422 ceramides of different chain length and saturation 414:463 The molecular mechanisms are not well understood, but likely involve dysregulation of membrane composition, fluidity, and permeability, which are all essentially regulated by sphingolipids, including ceramides of different chain length and saturation. 28405720 4 113 theme acute 764:768 arg1 DSS 770:772 acute DSS and chronic AOM/DSS colitis 764:800 DSS 770:772 CerS2-/- mice developed more severe disease than CerS2+/+ mice in acute DSS and chronic AOM/DSS colitis. 28405720 3 114 theme loss-of-function 482:497 arg1 mice 528:531 CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice 506:531 mice 528:531 Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. 28405720 3 114 theme loss-of-function 482:497 arg1 model 499:503 a loss-of-function model 480:503 a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) 480:532 Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. 28405720 11 115 theme integrity 1863:1871 arg1 maintenance 1810:1820 the maintenance 1806:1820 the maintenance of colon barrier function and epithelial integrity 1806:1871 In conclusion, CerS2 is crucial for the maintenance of colon barrier function and epithelial integrity. 28405720 7 116 theme depleted 1196:1203 arg1 cells 1212:1216 CerS2 depleted Caco-2 cells 1190:1216 CerS2 depleted Caco-2 cells 1190:1216 This could also be observed in vitro in CerS2 depleted Caco-2 cells. 28405720 3 117 theme long-chain 623:632 arg1 ceramides 634:642 very long-chain ceramides 618:642 very long-chain ceramides 618:642 Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. 28405720 4 118 theme severe 727:732 arg1 disease 734:740 more severe disease 722:740 more severe disease than CerS2+/+ mice in acute DSS and chronic AOM/DSS colitis 722:800 CerS2-/- mice developed more severe disease than CerS2+/+ mice in acute DSS and chronic AOM/DSS colitis. 28405720 7 119 located observed 1169:1176 arg2 This 1150:1153 This 1150:1153 This 1150:1153 This could also be observed in vitro in CerS2 depleted Caco-2 cells. 28405720 7 119 located observed 1169:1176 arg1 cells 1212:1216 CerS2 depleted Caco-2 cells 1190:1216 CerS2 depleted Caco-2 cells 1190:1216 This could also be observed in vitro in CerS2 depleted Caco-2 cells. 28405720 2 120 theme fluidity 322:329 arg1 dysregulation 283:295 dysregulation 283:295 dysregulation of membrane composition, fluidity, and permeability 283:347 The molecular mechanisms are not well understood, but likely involve dysregulation of membrane composition, fluidity, and permeability, which are all essentially regulated by sphingolipids, including ceramides of different chain length and saturation. 28405720 10 121 from upregulation 1584:1595 arg1 mice 1622:1625 CerS2-/- mice 1613:1625 CerS2-/- mice 1613:1625 This was associated with stronger upregulation of cytokines in CerS2-/- mice and increased infiltration of the colon wall by immune cells, particularly monocytes, CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells, and an increase in tumor burden. 28405720 3 122 theme sodium 660:665 arg1 DSS 673:675 the dextran sodium salt (DSS) 648:676 the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC 648:695 Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. 28405720 8 123 theme inflammatory 1354:1365 arg1 increase 1384:1391 an increase 1381:1391 an increase in monocytes and IL-10 1381:1414 The increase in membrane permeability in CerS2-/- mice did not manifest with apparent clinical symptoms in naive mice, but with slight inflammatory signs such as an increase in monocytes and IL-10. 28405720 8 123 theme inflammatory 1354:1365 arg1 signs 1367:1371 slight inflammatory signs 1347:1371 slight inflammatory signs such as an increase in monocytes and IL-10 1347:1414 The increase in membrane permeability in CerS2-/- mice did not manifest with apparent clinical symptoms in naive mice, but with slight inflammatory signs such as an increase in monocytes and IL-10. 28405720 5 124 from ceramides 919:927 arg1 plasma 948:953 plasma 948:953 plasma 948:953 Deletion of CerS2 strongly reduced very long-chain ceramides (Cer24:0, 24:1) but concomitantly increased long-chain ceramides and sphinganine in plasma and colon tissue. 28405720 5 124 from ceramides 919:927 arg1 tissue 965:970 colon tissue 959:970 colon tissue 959:970 Deletion of CerS2 strongly reduced very long-chain ceramides (Cer24:0, 24:1) but concomitantly increased long-chain ceramides and sphinganine in plasma and colon tissue. 24614848 2 0 theme motile 99:104 arg1 M13235 218:223 designated YIM M13235 203:223 designated YIM M13235(T) 203:226 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 2 0 theme motile 99:104 arg1 peritrichous 167:178 peritrichous 167:178 peritrichous 167:178 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 2 0 theme motile 99:104 arg1 bacterium 192:200 rod-shaped bacterium 181:200 rod-shaped bacterium 181:200 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 2 0 theme motile 99:104 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 78:96 A novel Gram-stain-positive 70:96 A novel Gram-stain-positive 70:96 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 4 1 theme % 497:497 arg1 NaCl 505:508 2-4% (w/v) NaCl 494:508 2-4% (w/v) NaCl 494:508 The strain grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2-4% (w/v) NaCl. 24614848 10 2 theme tianshenii 1488:1497 arg1 sp 1499:1500 Bacillus tianshenii sp 1479:1500 the name Bacillus tianshenii sp 1470:1500 On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data, it is apparent that strain YIM M13235(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus tianshenii sp. 24614848 5 3 theme cell-wall 555:563 arg1 peptidoglycan 565:577 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 551:577 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 551:577 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24614848 9 4 theme 16S 1105:1107 arg1 similarities 1128:1139 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1105:1139 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97% 1105:1144 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 12 5 theme  = KCTC 1570:1576 arg1 T 1584:1584 T 1584:1584 T 1584:1584 The type strain is YIM M13235(T) ( = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T)). 24614848 12 5 theme  = KCTC 1570:1576 arg1 33044 1578:1582  = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044 1555:1582  = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T) 1555:1585 The type strain is YIM M13235(T) ( = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T)). 24614848 5 6 theme meso-Diaminopimelic 511:529 arg1 acid 531:534 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 511:534 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 511:534 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24614848 9 7 theme gene 1114:1117 arg1 similarities 1128:1139 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1105:1139 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97% 1105:1144 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 9 8 dep Bacillus 1226:1233 arg1 zhanjiangensis 1235:1248 zhanjiangensis 1235:1248 zhanjiangensis 1235:1248 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 6 9 theme major 651:655 arg1 lipids 663:668 the major polar lipids 647:668 the major polar lipids 647:668 Strain YIM M13235(T) exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-7, and the major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown phospholipids and one unknown glycolipid. 24614848 12 10 theme type 1525:1528 arg1 strain 1530:1535 The type strain 1521:1535 The type strain 1521:1535 The type strain is YIM M13235(T) ( = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T)). 24614848 12 10 theme type 1525:1528 arg1 M13235 1544:1549 YIM M13235 1540:1549 YIM M13235(T) ( = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T)) 1540:1586 The type strain is YIM M13235(T) ( = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T)). 24614848 4 11 dep % 497:497 arg1 w/v 500:502 w/v 500:502 w/v 500:502 The strain grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2-4% (w/v) NaCl. 24614848 10 12 theme relatedness 1351:1361 arg1 data 1363:1366 genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data 1317:1366 genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data 1317:1366 On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data, it is apparent that strain YIM M13235(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus tianshenii sp. 24614848 9 13 theme % 1144:1144 arg1 similarities 1128:1139 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1105:1139 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97% 1105:1144 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 8 14 theme DNA 989:991 arg1 % 1017:1017 42.1 mol% 1009:1017 42.1 mol% 1009:1017 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.1 mol%. 24614848 8 14 theme DNA 989:991 arg1 content 997:1003 The genomic DNA G+C content 977:1003 The genomic DNA G+C content 977:1003 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.1 mol%. 24614848 10 15 dep data 1363:1366 arg1 basis 1308:1312 basis 1308:1312 basis 1308:1312 On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data, it is apparent that strain YIM M13235(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus tianshenii sp. 24614848 10 15 dep data 1363:1366 arg1 the 1304:1306 the 1304:1306 the 1304:1306 On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data, it is apparent that strain YIM M13235(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus tianshenii sp. 24614848 2 16 theme designated 203:212 arg1 M13235 218:223 designated YIM M13235 203:223 designated YIM M13235(T) 203:226 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 2 16 theme designated 203:212 arg1 T 225:225 T 225:225 T 225:225 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 2 16 theme designated 203:212 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 78:96 A novel Gram-stain-positive 70:96 A novel Gram-stain-positive 70:96 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 5 17 attach present 540:546 arg1 peptidoglycan 565:577 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 551:577 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 551:577 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24614848 5 17 attach present 540:546 arg2 acid 531:534 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 511:534 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 511:534 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24614848 2 18 theme marine 249:254 arg1 sample 265:270 a marine sediment sample 247:270 a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea 247:305 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 9 19 dep relatives 1094:1102 arg1 similarities 1128:1139 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1105:1139 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97% 1105:1144 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 12 20 theme 25879 1562:1566 arg1 T 1584:1584 T 1584:1584 T 1584:1584 The type strain is YIM M13235(T) ( = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T)). 24614848 12 20 theme 25879 1562:1566 arg1 33044 1578:1582  = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044 1555:1582  = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T) 1555:1585 The type strain is YIM M13235(T) ( = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T)). 24614848 10 21 theme YIM 1396:1398 arg1 M13235 1400:1405 strain YIM M13235 1389:1405 strain YIM M13235(T) 1389:1408 On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data, it is apparent that strain YIM M13235(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus tianshenii sp. 24614848 10 21 theme YIM 1396:1398 arg1 T 1407:1407 T 1407:1407 T 1407:1407 On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data, it is apparent that strain YIM M13235(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus tianshenii sp. 24614848 12 22 theme T 1568:1568 arg1 T 1584:1584 T 1584:1584 T 1584:1584 The type strain is YIM M13235(T) ( = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T)). 24614848 12 22 theme T 1568:1568 arg1 33044 1578:1582  = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044 1555:1582  = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T) 1555:1585 The type strain is YIM M13235(T) ( = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T)). 24614848 1 23 theme marine 46:51 arg1 sample 62:67 a marine sediment sample 44:67 a marine sediment sample 44:67 nov., isolated from a marine sediment sample. 24614848 9 24 dep Bacillus 1157:1164 arg1 halmapalus 1166:1175 halmapalus 1166:1175 halmapalus 1166:1175 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 3 25 theme rRNA 343:346 arg1 sequences 353:361 16S rRNA gene sequences 339:361 16S rRNA gene sequences 339:361 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM M13235(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus. 24614848 3 26 theme YIM 382:384 arg1 T 393:393 T 393:393 T 393:393 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM M13235(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus. 24614848 3 26 theme YIM 382:384 arg1 M13235 386:391 strain YIM M13235 375:391 strain YIM M13235(T) 375:394 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM M13235(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus. 24614848 0 27 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 20:21 Bacillus tianshenii sp 0:21 Bacillus tianshenii sp. 0:22 Bacillus tianshenii sp. 24614848 9 28 theme DNA-DNA 1024:1030 arg1 values 1044:1049 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 1020:1049 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) 1020:1262 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 9 28 theme DNA-DNA 1024:1030 arg1 % 1271:1271 41% 1269:1271 41% 1269:1271 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 12 29 dep M13235 1544:1549 arg1 T 1584:1584 T 1584:1584 T 1584:1584 The type strain is YIM M13235(T) ( = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T)). 24614848 12 29 dep M13235 1544:1549 arg1 33044 1578:1582  = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044 1555:1582  = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T) 1555:1585 The type strain is YIM M13235(T) ( = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T)). 24614848 6 30 theme Strain 580:585 arg1 T 598:598 T 598:598 T 598:598 Strain YIM M13235(T) exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-7, and the major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown phospholipids and one unknown glycolipid. 24614848 6 30 theme Strain 580:585 arg1 M13235 591:596 Strain YIM M13235 580:596 Strain YIM M13235(T) 580:599 Strain YIM M13235(T) exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-7, and the major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown phospholipids and one unknown glycolipid. 24614848 9 31 theme strain 1059:1064 arg1 T 1077:1077 T 1077:1077 T 1077:1077 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 9 31 theme strain 1059:1064 arg1 M13235 1070:1075 strain YIM M13235 1059:1075 strain YIM M13235(T) 1059:1078 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 6 32 theme unknown 760:766 arg1 phospholipids 768:780 four unknown phospholipids 755:780 four unknown phospholipids 755:780 Strain YIM M13235(T) exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-7, and the major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown phospholipids and one unknown glycolipid. 24614848 5 33 from present 540:546 arg1 peptidoglycan 565:577 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 551:577 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 551:577 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24614848 2 34 theme South 291:295 arg1 Sea 303:305 the South China Sea 287:305 the South China Sea 287:305 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 5 35 located present 540:546 arg1 peptidoglycan 565:577 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 551:577 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 551:577 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24614848 5 35 located present 540:546 arg2 acid 531:534 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 511:534 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 511:534 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24614848 8 36 theme mol 1014:1016 arg1 % 1017:1017 42.1 mol% 1009:1017 42.1 mol% 1009:1017 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.1 mol%. 24614848 8 36 theme mol 1014:1016 arg1 content 997:1003 The genomic DNA G+C content 977:1003 The genomic DNA G+C content 977:1003 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.1 mol%. 24614848 6 37 theme menaquinone 613:623 arg1 system 625:630 a menaquinone system 611:630 a menaquinone system with MK-7 611:640 Strain YIM M13235(T) exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-7, and the major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown phospholipids and one unknown glycolipid. 24614848 10 38 theme genotypic 1317:1325 arg1 data 1363:1366 genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data 1317:1366 genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data 1317:1366 On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data, it is apparent that strain YIM M13235(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus tianshenii sp. 24614848 7 39 theme major 814:818 arg1 % 835:835 >5% 833:835 >5% 833:835 The major fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0), iso-C(17 : 1)ω10c and summed feature 4 (anteiso-C(17 : 1) and/or iso-C(17 : 1)). 24614848 7 39 theme major 814:818 arg1 iso-C 843:847 iso-C(15 : 0) 843:855 iso-C(15 : 0) 843:855 The major fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0), iso-C(17 : 1)ω10c and summed feature 4 (anteiso-C(17 : 1) and/or iso-C(17 : 1)). 24614848 7 39 theme major 814:818 arg1 acids 826:830 The major fatty acids 810:830 The major fatty acids (>5%) 810:836 The major fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0), iso-C(17 : 1)ω10c and summed feature 4 (anteiso-C(17 : 1) and/or iso-C(17 : 1)). 24614848 5 40 from peptidoglycan 565:577 arg1 present 540:546 present 540:546 present 540:546 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. 24614848 9 41 theme close 1088:1092 arg1 8723 1181:1184 Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723 1157:1184 Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T) 1157:1187 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 9 41 theme close 1088:1092 arg1 relatives 1094:1102 its close relatives 1084:1102 its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) 1084:1262 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 9 41 theme close 1088:1092 arg1 099021 1254:1259 Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021 1226:1259 Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) 1226:1262 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 9 41 theme close 1088:1092 arg1 8719 1214:1217 Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719 1190:1217 Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) 1190:1220 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 10 42 theme Bacillus 1450:1457 arg1 species 1429:1435 a novel species 1421:1435 a novel species 1421:1435 On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data, it is apparent that strain YIM M13235(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus tianshenii sp. 24614848 10 43 theme DNA-DNA 1343:1349 arg1 data 1363:1366 genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data 1317:1366 genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data 1317:1366 On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data, it is apparent that strain YIM M13235(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus tianshenii sp. 24614848 4 44 theme 2-4 494:496 arg1 % 497:497 % 497:497 % 497:497 The strain grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2-4% (w/v) NaCl. 24614848 6 45 with system 625:630 arg1 MK-7 637:640 MK-7 637:640 MK-7 637:640 Strain YIM M13235(T) exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-7, and the major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown phospholipids and one unknown glycolipid. 24614848 10 46 theme Bacillus 1479:1486 arg1 sp 1499:1500 Bacillus tianshenii sp 1479:1500 the name Bacillus tianshenii sp 1470:1500 On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data, it is apparent that strain YIM M13235(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus tianshenii sp. 24614848 10 47 theme phenotypic 1328:1337 arg1 data 1363:1366 genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data 1317:1366 genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data 1317:1366 On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data, it is apparent that strain YIM M13235(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus tianshenii sp. 24614848 9 48 theme rRNA 1109:1112 arg1 similarities 1128:1139 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1105:1139 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97% 1105:1144 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 12 49 theme YIM 1540:1542 arg1 T 1551:1551 T 1551:1551 T 1551:1551 The type strain is YIM M13235(T) ( = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T)). 24614848 12 49 theme YIM 1540:1542 arg1 strain 1530:1535 The type strain 1521:1535 The type strain 1521:1535 The type strain is YIM M13235(T) ( = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T)). 24614848 12 49 theme YIM 1540:1542 arg1 M13235 1544:1549 YIM M13235 1540:1549 YIM M13235(T) ( = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T)) 1540:1586 The type strain is YIM M13235(T) ( = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T)). 24614848 6 50 theme unknown 790:796 arg1 glycolipid 798:807 one unknown glycolipid 786:807 one unknown glycolipid 786:807 Strain YIM M13235(T) exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-7, and the major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown phospholipids and one unknown glycolipid. 24614848 6 51 theme polar 657:661 arg1 lipids 663:668 the major polar lipids 647:668 the major polar lipids 647:668 Strain YIM M13235(T) exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-7, and the major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown phospholipids and one unknown glycolipid. 24614848 9 52 theme sequence 1119:1126 arg1 similarities 1128:1139 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1105:1139 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97% 1105:1144 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 10 53 theme data 1363:1366 arg1 apparent 1375:1382 apparent 1375:1382 apparent 1375:1382 On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data, it is apparent that strain YIM M13235(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus tianshenii sp. 24614848 9 54 theme >97 1141:1143 arg1 % 1144:1144 % 1144:1144 % 1144:1144 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 10 55 theme strain 1389:1394 arg1 M13235 1400:1405 strain YIM M13235 1389:1405 strain YIM M13235(T) 1389:1408 On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data, it is apparent that strain YIM M13235(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus tianshenii sp. 24614848 10 55 theme strain 1389:1394 arg1 T 1407:1407 T 1407:1407 T 1407:1407 On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data, it is apparent that strain YIM M13235(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus tianshenii sp. 24614848 8 56 theme genomic 981:987 arg1 % 1017:1017 42.1 mol% 1009:1017 42.1 mol% 1009:1017 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.1 mol%. 24614848 8 56 theme genomic 981:987 arg1 content 997:1003 The genomic DNA G+C content 977:1003 The genomic DNA G+C content 977:1003 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.1 mol%. 24614848 2 57 theme novel 72:76 arg1 M13235 218:223 designated YIM M13235 203:223 designated YIM M13235(T) 203:226 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 2 57 theme novel 72:76 arg1 peritrichous 167:178 peritrichous 167:178 peritrichous 167:178 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 2 57 theme novel 72:76 arg1 bacterium 192:200 rod-shaped bacterium 181:200 rod-shaped bacterium 181:200 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 2 57 theme novel 72:76 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 78:96 A novel Gram-stain-positive 70:96 A novel Gram-stain-positive 70:96 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 2 58 theme YIM 214:216 arg1 M13235 218:223 designated YIM M13235 203:223 designated YIM M13235(T) 203:226 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 2 58 theme YIM 214:216 arg1 T 225:225 T 225:225 T 225:225 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 2 58 theme YIM 214:216 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 78:96 A novel Gram-stain-positive 70:96 A novel Gram-stain-positive 70:96 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 9 59 theme Bacillus 1157:1164 arg1 T 1186:1186 T 1186:1186 T 1186:1186 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 9 59 theme Bacillus 1157:1164 arg1 8723 1181:1184 Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723 1157:1184 Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T) 1157:1187 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 2 60 attach isolated 233:240 arg2 Gram-stain-positive 78:96 A novel Gram-stain-positive 70:96 A novel Gram-stain-positive 70:96 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 2 60 attach isolated 233:240 arg1 sample 265:270 a marine sediment sample 247:270 a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea 247:305 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 2 60 attach isolated 233:240 arg2 bacterium 192:200 rod-shaped bacterium 181:200 rod-shaped bacterium 181:200 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 2 60 attach isolated 233:240 arg2 peritrichous 167:178 peritrichous 167:178 peritrichous 167:178 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 2 60 attach isolated 233:240 arg2 M13235 218:223 designated YIM M13235 203:223 designated YIM M13235(T) 203:226 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 8 61 theme G+C 993:995 arg1 % 1017:1017 42.1 mol% 1009:1017 42.1 mol% 1009:1017 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.1 mol%. 24614848 8 61 theme G+C 993:995 arg1 content 997:1003 The genomic DNA G+C content 977:1003 The genomic DNA G+C content 977:1003 The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.1 mol%. 24614848 9 62 theme DSM 1177:1179 arg1 T 1186:1186 T 1186:1186 T 1186:1186 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 9 62 theme DSM 1177:1179 arg1 8723 1181:1184 Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723 1157:1184 Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T) 1157:1187 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 12 63 theme  = DSM 1555:1560 arg1 T 1584:1584 T 1584:1584 T 1584:1584 The type strain is YIM M13235(T) ( = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T)). 24614848 12 63 theme  = DSM 1555:1560 arg1 33044 1578:1582  = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044 1555:1582  = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T) 1555:1585 The type strain is YIM M13235(T) ( = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T)). 24614848 9 64 theme Bacillus 1190:1197 arg1 T 1219:1219 T 1219:1219 T 1219:1219 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 9 64 theme Bacillus 1190:1197 arg1 8719 1214:1217 Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719 1190:1217 Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) 1190:1220 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 2 65 theme sediment 256:263 arg1 sample 265:270 a marine sediment sample 247:270 a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea 247:305 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 9 66 theme horikoshii 1199:1208 arg1 T 1219:1219 T 1219:1219 T 1219:1219 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 9 66 theme horikoshii 1199:1208 arg1 8719 1214:1217 Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719 1190:1217 Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) 1190:1220 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 1 67 theme sediment 53:60 arg1 sample 62:67 a marine sediment sample 44:67 a marine sediment sample 44:67 nov., isolated from a marine sediment sample. 24614848 3 68 theme Phylogenetic 308:319 arg1 analysis 321:328 Phylogenetic analysis 308:328 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 308:361 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM M13235(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus. 24614848 0 69 theme tianshenii 9:18 arg1 sp 20:21 Bacillus tianshenii sp 0:21 Bacillus tianshenii sp. 0:22 Bacillus tianshenii sp. 24614848 3 70 theme gene 348:351 arg1 sequences 353:361 16S rRNA gene sequences 339:361 16S rRNA gene sequences 339:361 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM M13235(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus. 24614848 10 71 dep name 1474:1477 arg1 sp 1499:1500 Bacillus tianshenii sp 1479:1500 the name Bacillus tianshenii sp 1470:1500 On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data, it is apparent that strain YIM M13235(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus tianshenii sp. 24614848 7 72 dep feature 925:931 arg1 iso-C 961:965 iso-C(17 : 1) 961:973 iso-C(17 : 1) 961:973 The major fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0), iso-C(17 : 1)ω10c and summed feature 4 (anteiso-C(17 : 1) and/or iso-C(17 : 1)). 24614848 7 72 dep feature 925:931 arg1 anteiso-C 936:944 anteiso-C(17 : 1) 936:952 anteiso-C(17 : 1) 936:952 The major fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0), iso-C(17 : 1)ω10c and summed feature 4 (anteiso-C(17 : 1) and/or iso-C(17 : 1)). 24614848 6 73 theme YIM 587:589 arg1 T 598:598 T 598:598 T 598:598 Strain YIM M13235(T) exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-7, and the major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown phospholipids and one unknown glycolipid. 24614848 6 73 theme YIM 587:589 arg1 M13235 591:596 Strain YIM M13235 580:596 Strain YIM M13235(T) 580:599 Strain YIM M13235(T) exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-7, and the major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown phospholipids and one unknown glycolipid. 24614848 9 74 theme relatedness 1032:1042 arg1 values 1044:1049 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 1020:1049 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) 1020:1262 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 9 74 theme relatedness 1032:1042 arg1 % 1271:1271 41% 1269:1271 41% 1269:1271 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 3 75 theme 16S 339:341 arg1 sequences 353:361 16S rRNA gene sequences 339:361 16S rRNA gene sequences 339:361 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM M13235(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus. 24614848 9 76 theme DSM 1210:1212 arg1 T 1219:1219 T 1219:1219 T 1219:1219 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 9 76 theme DSM 1210:1212 arg1 8719 1214:1217 Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719 1190:1217 Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) 1190:1220 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 10 77 theme novel 1423:1427 arg1 species 1429:1435 a novel species 1421:1435 a novel species 1421:1435 On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data, it is apparent that strain YIM M13235(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus tianshenii sp. 24614848 7 78 theme summed 918:923 arg1 feature 925:931 summed feature 4 918:933 summed feature 4 (anteiso-C(17 : 1) and/or iso-C(17 : 1)) 918:974 The major fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0), iso-C(17 : 1)ω10c and summed feature 4 (anteiso-C(17 : 1) and/or iso-C(17 : 1)). 24614848 9 79 theme Bacillus 1226:1233 arg1 T 1261:1261 T 1261:1261 T 1261:1261 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 9 79 theme Bacillus 1226:1233 arg1 099021 1254:1259 Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021 1226:1259 Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) 1226:1262 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 3 80 theme strain 375:380 arg1 T 393:393 T 393:393 T 393:393 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM M13235(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus. 24614848 3 80 theme strain 375:380 arg1 M13235 386:391 strain YIM M13235 375:391 strain YIM M13235(T) 375:394 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM M13235(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus. 24614848 2 81 dep motile 99:104 arg1 oxidase-positive 121:136 oxidase-positive 121:136 oxidase-positive 121:136 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 2 81 dep motile 99:104 arg1 catalase- 107:115 catalase- 107:115 catalase- 107:115 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 2 81 dep motile 99:104 arg1 endospore-forming 148:164 endospore-forming 148:164 endospore-forming 148:164 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 2 81 dep motile 99:104 arg1 aerobic 139:145 aerobic 139:145 aerobic 139:145 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 9 82 theme YIM 1066:1068 arg1 T 1077:1077 T 1077:1077 T 1077:1077 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 9 82 theme YIM 1066:1068 arg1 M13235 1070:1075 strain YIM M13235 1059:1075 strain YIM M13235(T) 1059:1078 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 9 83 theme JSM 1250:1252 arg1 T 1261:1261 T 1261:1261 T 1261:1261 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 9 83 theme JSM 1250:1252 arg1 099021 1254:1259 Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021 1226:1259 Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) 1226:1262 The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. 24614848 2 84 theme China 297:301 arg1 Sea 303:305 the South China Sea 287:305 the South China Sea 287:305 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 7 85 theme fatty 820:824 arg1 % 835:835 >5% 833:835 >5% 833:835 The major fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0), iso-C(17 : 1)ω10c and summed feature 4 (anteiso-C(17 : 1) and/or iso-C(17 : 1)). 24614848 7 85 theme fatty 820:824 arg1 iso-C 843:847 iso-C(15 : 0) 843:855 iso-C(15 : 0) 843:855 The major fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0), iso-C(17 : 1)ω10c and summed feature 4 (anteiso-C(17 : 1) and/or iso-C(17 : 1)). 24614848 7 85 theme fatty 820:824 arg1 acids 826:830 The major fatty acids 810:830 The major fatty acids (>5%) 810:836 The major fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0), iso-C(17 : 1)ω10c and summed feature 4 (anteiso-C(17 : 1) and/or iso-C(17 : 1)). 24614848 2 86 theme rod-shaped 181:190 arg1 bacterium 192:200 rod-shaped bacterium 181:200 rod-shaped bacterium 181:200 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 2 86 theme rod-shaped 181:190 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 78:96 A novel Gram-stain-positive 70:96 A novel Gram-stain-positive 70:96 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. 24614848 4 87 theme NaCl 505:508 arg1 presence 482:489 the presence 478:489 the presence of 2-4% (w/v) NaCl 478:508 The strain grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2-4% (w/v) NaCl. 24048871 3 0 theme E173a 217:221 arg1 strains 209:215 strains E173a(T) and E265(T) 209:236 strains E173a(T) and E265(T) 209:236 Two novel endospore-forming, aerobic bacilli, strains E173a(T) and E265(T), were isolated from soil and sediment samples from Kozakli and Altinsu hot springs, Nevsehir (Turkey). 24048871 3 0 theme E173a 217:221 arg1 T 223:223 E173a(T) 217:224 E173a(T) 217:224 Two novel endospore-forming, aerobic bacilli, strains E173a(T) and E265(T), were isolated from soil and sediment samples from Kozakli and Altinsu hot springs, Nevsehir (Turkey). 24048871 10 1 theme family 1330:1335 arg1 Bacillaceae 1337:1347 the family Bacillaceae 1326:1347 the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %) 1326:1357 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities suggested distant relationships with other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %), although the two strains showed 97.5 % sequence similarity between them, and had 55 % relatedness by DNA-DNA hybridization. 24048871 10 1 theme family 1330:1335 arg1 % 1356:1356 <95.8 % 1350:1356 <95.8 % 1350:1356 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities suggested distant relationships with other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %), although the two strains showed 97.5 % sequence similarity between them, and had 55 % relatedness by DNA-DNA hybridization. 24048871 8 2 theme Strain 879:884 arg1 T 892:892 T 892:892 T 892:892 Strain E173a(T) grew within a salinity range from 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl with optimal growth at 0.5 %, while strain E265(T) grew within the range 0-5.0 % (w/v), with an optimum at 3.0 %. 24048871 8 2 theme Strain 879:884 arg1 E173a 886:890 Strain E173a 879:890 Strain E173a(T) 879:893 Strain E173a(T) grew within a salinity range from 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl with optimal growth at 0.5 %, while strain E265(T) grew within the range 0-5.0 % (w/v), with an optimum at 3.0 %. 24048871 2 3 theme hot 150:152 arg1 springs 154:160 hot springs 150:160 hot springs 150:160 nov., aerobic, thermophilic, long bacilli isolated from hot springs. 24048871 8 4 theme to1.5  931:936 arg1 NaCl 945:948 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl 929:948 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl with optimal growth 929:968 Strain E173a(T) grew within a salinity range from 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl with optimal growth at 0.5 %, while strain E265(T) grew within the range 0-5.0 % (w/v), with an optimum at 3.0 %. 24048871 7 5 dep pH 839:840 arg1 T 853:853 T 853:853 T 853:853 Growth occurred within the range pH 5.0-11.0 with optimal growth at pH 9.0 (E173a(T)) and pH 8.5 (E265(T)). 24048871 7 5 dep pH 839:840 arg1 E173a 847:851 E173a 847:851 E173a(T) 847:854 Growth occurred within the range pH 5.0-11.0 with optimal growth at pH 9.0 (E173a(T)) and pH 8.5 (E265(T)). 24048871 13 6 with genus 1979:1983 arg1 species 2032:2038 two novel species 2022:2038 two novel species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp 2022:2075 Based upon phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that new isolates represent a novel genus, Thermolongibacillus gen. nov., with two novel species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp. 24048871 10 7 with relationships 1290:1302 arg1 members 1315:1321 other members 1309:1321 other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %) 1309:1357 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities suggested distant relationships with other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %), although the two strains showed 97.5 % sequence similarity between them, and had 55 % relatedness by DNA-DNA hybridization. 24048871 3 8 dep strains 209:215 arg1 T 235:235 E265(T) 230:236 E265(T) 230:236 Two novel endospore-forming, aerobic bacilli, strains E173a(T) and E265(T), were isolated from soil and sediment samples from Kozakli and Altinsu hot springs, Nevsehir (Turkey). 24048871 3 8 dep strains 209:215 arg1 T 223:223 E173a(T) 217:224 E173a(T) 217:224 Two novel endospore-forming, aerobic bacilli, strains E173a(T) and E265(T), were isolated from soil and sediment samples from Kozakli and Altinsu hot springs, Nevsehir (Turkey). 24048871 3 8 dep strains 209:215 arg1 strains 209:215 strains E173a(T) and E265(T) 209:236 strains E173a(T) and E265(T) 209:236 Two novel endospore-forming, aerobic bacilli, strains E173a(T) and E265(T), were isolated from soil and sediment samples from Kozakli and Altinsu hot springs, Nevsehir (Turkey). 24048871 13 9 theme chemotaxonomic 1896:1909 arg1 characteristics 1911:1925 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1867:1925 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1867:1925 Based upon phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that new isolates represent a novel genus, Thermolongibacillus gen. nov., with two novel species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp. 24048871 3 10 from Kozakli 289:295 arg1 samples 276:282 soil and sediment samples 258:282 samples 276:282 Two novel endospore-forming, aerobic bacilli, strains E173a(T) and E265(T), were isolated from soil and sediment samples from Kozakli and Altinsu hot springs, Nevsehir (Turkey). 24048871 12 11 theme  0 1765:1766 arg1 data 1580:1583 the chemotaxonomic data 1561:1583 the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] 1561:1779 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 8 12 theme salinity 909:916 arg1 range 918:922 a salinity range 907:922 a salinity range from 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl with optimal growth 907:968 Strain E173a(T) grew within a salinity range from 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl with optimal growth at 0.5 %, while strain E265(T) grew within the range 0-5.0 % (w/v), with an optimum at 3.0 %. 24048871 1 13 dep sp 90:91 arg1 kozakliensis 77:88 nov. and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis 48:88 nov. and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis 48:88 nov. and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. 24048871 6 14 dep °C 757:758 arg1 E265 761:764 E265 761:764 E265(T) 761:767 Both strains could grow between 40 and 70 °C, with optimal growth at 60 °C (E173a(T)) and 55 °C (E265(T)). 24048871 6 14 dep °C 757:758 arg1 T 766:766 T 766:766 T 766:766 Both strains could grow between 40 and 70 °C, with optimal growth at 60 °C (E173a(T)) and 55 °C (E265(T)). 24048871 10 15 theme rRNA 1240:1243 arg1 similarities 1259:1270 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1236:1270 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1236:1270 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities suggested distant relationships with other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %), although the two strains showed 97.5 % sequence similarity between them, and had 55 % relatedness by DNA-DNA hybridization. 24048871 4 16 theme stationary 552:561 arg1 phase 563:567 the stationary phase 548:567 the stationary phase of growth 548:577 Their young cells in the exponential phase of growth were motile, Gram-stain-positive, straight rods, 0.6-1.1×3.0-8.0 µm in size, but they became strikingly long, approximately 0.6-1.2 by 9.0-35.0 µm, after the stationary phase of growth. 24048871 2 17 theme aerobic 100:106 arg1 bacilli 128:134 aerobic, thermophilic, long bacilli 100:134 aerobic, thermophilic, long bacilli 100:134 nov., aerobic, thermophilic, long bacilli isolated from hot springs. 24048871 3 18 from Altinsu 301:307 arg1 samples 276:282 soil and sediment samples 258:282 samples 276:282 Two novel endospore-forming, aerobic bacilli, strains E173a(T) and E265(T), were isolated from soil and sediment samples from Kozakli and Altinsu hot springs, Nevsehir (Turkey). 24048871 10 19 theme sequence 1399:1406 arg1 similarity 1408:1417 97.5 % sequence similarity 1392:1417 97.5 % sequence similarity between them 1392:1430 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities suggested distant relationships with other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %), although the two strains showed 97.5 % sequence similarity between them, and had 55 % relatedness by DNA-DNA hybridization. 24048871 11 20 dep % 1538:1538 arg1 T 1546:1546 T 1546:1546 T 1546:1546 The DNA G+C contents were 44.8 (E173a(T)) and 43.5 mol% (E265(T)). 24048871 11 20 dep % 1538:1538 arg1 E265 1541:1544 E265 1541:1544 E265(T) 1541:1547 The DNA G+C contents were 44.8 (E173a(T)) and 43.5 mol% (E265(T)). 24048871 13 21 dep species 2032:2038 arg1 sp 2074:2075 Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp 2041:2075 two novel species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp 2022:2075 Based upon phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that new isolates represent a novel genus, Thermolongibacillus gen. nov., with two novel species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp. 24048871 12 22 theme C16  1772:1775 arg1 data 1580:1583 the chemotaxonomic data 1561:1583 the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] 1561:1779 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 4 23 from cells 353:357 arg1 phase 378:382 the exponential phase 362:382 the exponential phase of growth 362:392 Their young cells in the exponential phase of growth were motile, Gram-stain-positive, straight rods, 0.6-1.1×3.0-8.0 µm in size, but they became strikingly long, approximately 0.6-1.2 by 9.0-35.0 µm, after the stationary phase of growth. 24048871 12 24 theme E173a 1588:1592 arg1 data 1580:1583 the chemotaxonomic data 1561:1583 the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] 1561:1779 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 13 25 theme phenotypic 1867:1876 arg1 characteristics 1911:1925 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1867:1925 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1867:1925 Based upon phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that new isolates represent a novel genus, Thermolongibacillus gen. nov., with two novel species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp. 24048871 10 26 theme 97.5  1392:1396 arg1 % 1397:1397 % 1397:1397 % 1397:1397 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities suggested distant relationships with other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %), although the two strains showed 97.5 % sequence similarity between them, and had 55 % relatedness by DNA-DNA hybridization. 24048871 4 27 theme young 347:351 arg1 cells 353:357 Their young cells 341:357 Their young cells in the exponential phase of growth 341:392 Their young cells in the exponential phase of growth were motile, Gram-stain-positive, straight rods, 0.6-1.1×3.0-8.0 µm in size, but they became strikingly long, approximately 0.6-1.2 by 9.0-35.0 µm, after the stationary phase of growth. 24048871 13 28 theme phylogenetic 1879:1890 arg1 characteristics 1911:1925 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1867:1925 phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1867:1925 Based upon phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that new isolates represent a novel genus, Thermolongibacillus gen. nov., with two novel species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp. 24048871 13 29 theme altinsuensis 2061:2072 arg1 sp 2074:2075 Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp 2041:2075 two novel species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp 2022:2075 Based upon phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that new isolates represent a novel genus, Thermolongibacillus gen. nov., with two novel species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp. 24048871 11 30 theme 43.5 1530:1533 arg1 mol 1535:1537 mol 1535:1537 mol 1535:1537 The DNA G+C contents were 44.8 (E173a(T)) and 43.5 mol% (E265(T)). 24048871 8 31 theme strain 986:991 arg1 T 998:998 T 998:998 T 998:998 Strain E173a(T) grew within a salinity range from 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl with optimal growth at 0.5 %, while strain E265(T) grew within the range 0-5.0 % (w/v), with an optimum at 3.0 %. 24048871 8 31 theme strain 986:991 arg1 E265 993:996 strain E265 986:996 strain E265(T) 986:999 Strain E173a(T) grew within a salinity range from 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl with optimal growth at 0.5 %, while strain E265(T) grew within the range 0-5.0 % (w/v), with an optimum at 3.0 %. 24048871 13 32 theme novel 2026:2030 arg1 species 2032:2038 two novel species 2022:2038 two novel species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp 2022:2075 Based upon phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that new isolates represent a novel genus, Thermolongibacillus gen. nov., with two novel species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp. 24048871 1 33 theme Thermolongibacillus 57:75 arg1 kozakliensis 77:88 nov. and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis 48:88 nov. and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis 48:88 nov. and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. 24048871 12 34 theme fatty 1713:1717 arg1 acids 1719:1723 fatty acids 1713:1723 fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17  1713:1763 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 12 34 theme fatty 1713:1717 arg1 acid 1657:1660 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1637:1660 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1637:1660 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 11 35 theme G+C 1492:1494 arg1 44.8 1510:1513 44.8 1510:1513 44.8 1510:1513 The DNA G+C contents were 44.8 (E173a(T)) and 43.5 mol% (E265(T)). 24048871 11 35 theme G+C 1492:1494 arg1 contents 1496:1503 The DNA G+C contents 1484:1503 The DNA G+C contents 1484:1503 The DNA G+C contents were 44.8 (E173a(T)) and 43.5 mol% (E265(T)). 24048871 5 36 theme positive 632:639 arg1 reaction 641:648 a weakly positive reaction 623:648 a weakly positive reaction for catalase 623:661 Cells varied in tests for oxidase, and had a weakly positive reaction for catalase. 24048871 14 37 theme  = NCIMB 2118:2125 arg1 T 2133:2133 T 2133:2133 T 2133:2133 nov. (type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T)) and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. 24048871 14 37 theme  = NCIMB 2118:2125 arg1 14850 2127:2131 type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850 2084:2131 type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T) 2084:2134 nov. (type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T)) and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. 24048871 5 38 contain had 619:621 arg1 Cells 580:584 Cells 580:584 Cells 580:584 Cells varied in tests for oxidase, and had a weakly positive reaction for catalase. 24048871 5 38 contain had 619:621 arg2 reaction 641:648 a weakly positive reaction 623:648 a weakly positive reaction for catalase 623:661 Cells varied in tests for oxidase, and had a weakly positive reaction for catalase. 24048871 13 39 theme Thermolongibacillus 2041:2059 arg1 sp 2074:2075 Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp 2041:2075 two novel species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp 2022:2075 Based upon phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that new isolates represent a novel genus, Thermolongibacillus gen. nov., with two novel species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp. 24048871 10 40 theme gene 1245:1248 arg1 similarities 1259:1270 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1236:1270 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1236:1270 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities suggested distant relationships with other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %), although the two strains showed 97.5 % sequence similarity between them, and had 55 % relatedness by DNA-DNA hybridization. 24048871 0 41 theme Thermolongibacillus 0:18 arg1 nov. 38:41 Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis gen. nov. 0:41 Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis gen. nov. 0:41 Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis gen. nov., sp. 24048871 9 42 theme repetitive 1166:1175 arg1 fingerprints 1222:1233 repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints 1166:1233 some phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters as well as repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints 1109:1233 The new isolates differed from each other in some phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters as well as repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints. 24048871 14 43 theme T 2116:2116 arg1 T 2133:2133 T 2133:2133 T 2133:2133 nov. (type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T)) and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. 24048871 14 43 theme T 2116:2116 arg1 14850 2127:2131 type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850 2084:2131 type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T) 2084:2134 nov. (type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T)) and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. 24048871 12 44 theme novel 1843:1847 arg1 genus 1849:1853 a novel genus 1841:1853 a novel genus 1841:1853 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 8 45 theme range 1017:1021 arg1 w/v 1032:1034 w/v 1032:1034 w/v 1032:1034 Strain E173a(T) grew within a salinity range from 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl with optimal growth at 0.5 %, while strain E265(T) grew within the range 0-5.0 % (w/v), with an optimum at 3.0 %. 24048871 8 45 theme range 1017:1021 arg1 % 1029:1029 the range 0-5.0 % 1013:1029 the range 0-5.0 % (w/v) 1013:1035 Strain E173a(T) grew within a salinity range from 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl with optimal growth at 0.5 %, while strain E265(T) grew within the range 0-5.0 % (w/v), with an optimum at 3.0 %. 24048871 0 46 theme gen. 33:36 arg1 nov. 38:41 Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis gen. nov. 0:41 Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis gen. nov. 0:41 Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis gen. nov., sp. 24048871 4 47 dep motile 399:404 arg1 straight 428:435 straight 428:435 straight 428:435 Their young cells in the exponential phase of growth were motile, Gram-stain-positive, straight rods, 0.6-1.1×3.0-8.0 µm in size, but they became strikingly long, approximately 0.6-1.2 by 9.0-35.0 µm, after the stationary phase of growth. 24048871 4 47 dep motile 399:404 arg1 Gram-stain-positive 407:425 Gram-stain-positive 407:425 Gram-stain-positive 407:425 Their young cells in the exponential phase of growth were motile, Gram-stain-positive, straight rods, 0.6-1.1×3.0-8.0 µm in size, but they became strikingly long, approximately 0.6-1.2 by 9.0-35.0 µm, after the stationary phase of growth. 24048871 9 48 theme palindromic 1188:1198 arg1 fingerprints 1222:1233 repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints 1166:1233 some phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters as well as repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints 1109:1233 The new isolates differed from each other in some phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters as well as repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints. 24048871 10 49 theme % 1444:1444 arg1 relatedness 1446:1456 55 % relatedness 1441:1456 55 % relatedness 1441:1456 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities suggested distant relationships with other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %), although the two strains showed 97.5 % sequence similarity between them, and had 55 % relatedness by DNA-DNA hybridization. 24048871 10 50 theme distant 1282:1288 arg1 relationships 1290:1302 distant relationships 1282:1302 distant relationships with other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %) 1282:1357 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities suggested distant relationships with other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %), although the two strains showed 97.5 % sequence similarity between them, and had 55 % relatedness by DNA-DNA hybridization. 24048871 9 51 theme PCR 1208:1210 arg1 fingerprints 1222:1233 repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints 1166:1233 some phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters as well as repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints 1109:1233 The new isolates differed from each other in some phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters as well as repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints. 24048871 3 52 dep Kozakli 289:295 arg1 springs 313:319 hot springs 309:319 hot springs 309:319 Two novel endospore-forming, aerobic bacilli, strains E173a(T) and E265(T), were isolated from soil and sediment samples from Kozakli and Altinsu hot springs, Nevsehir (Turkey). 24048871 13 53 theme Thermolongibacillus 1986:2004 arg1 nov. 2011:2014 Thermolongibacillus gen. nov. 1986:2014 Thermolongibacillus gen. nov. 1986:2014 Based upon phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that new isolates represent a novel genus, Thermolongibacillus gen. nov., with two novel species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp. 24048871 13 53 theme Thermolongibacillus 1986:2004 arg1 genus 1979:1983 a novel genus 1971:1983 a novel genus 1971:1983 Based upon phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that new isolates represent a novel genus, Thermolongibacillus gen. nov., with two novel species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp. 24048871 6 54 theme optimal 715:721 arg1 growth 723:728 optimal growth 715:728 optimal growth at 60 °C (E173a(T)) and 55 °C (E265(T)) 715:768 Both strains could grow between 40 and 70 °C, with optimal growth at 60 °C (E173a(T)) and 55 °C (E265(T)). 24048871 9 55 theme rep-PCR 1213:1219 arg1 fingerprints 1222:1233 repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints 1166:1233 some phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters as well as repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints 1109:1233 The new isolates differed from each other in some phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters as well as repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints. 24048871 10 56 contain had 1437:1439 arg2 relatedness 1446:1456 55 % relatedness 1441:1456 55 % relatedness 1441:1456 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities suggested distant relationships with other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %), although the two strains showed 97.5 % sequence similarity between them, and had 55 % relatedness by DNA-DNA hybridization. 24048871 10 56 contain had 1437:1439 arg1 strains 1377:1383 the two strains 1369:1383 the two strains 1369:1383 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities suggested distant relationships with other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %), although the two strains showed 97.5 % sequence similarity between them, and had 55 % relatedness by DNA-DNA hybridization. 24048871 12 57 theme amounts 1626:1632 arg1 E173a 1588:1592 E173a 1588:1592 E173a(T) 1588:1595 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 12 57 theme amounts 1626:1632 arg1 [presence 1609:1617 E265(T) [presence 1601:1617 E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17  1601:1763 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 12 57 theme amounts 1626:1632 arg1 T 1594:1594 T 1594:1594 T 1594:1594 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 12 58 from A1γ 1663:1665 arg1 peptidoglycan 1698:1710 peptidoglycan 1698:1710 peptidoglycan 1698:1710 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 11 59 dep 44.8 1510:1513 arg1 T 1522:1522 T 1522:1522 T 1522:1522 The DNA G+C contents were 44.8 (E173a(T)) and 43.5 mol% (E265(T)). 24048871 11 59 dep 44.8 1510:1513 arg1 E173a 1516:1520 E173a 1516:1520 E173a(T) 1516:1523 The DNA G+C contents were 44.8 (E173a(T)) and 43.5 mol% (E265(T)). 24048871 14 60 theme strain 2089:2094 arg1 T 2133:2133 T 2133:2133 T 2133:2133 nov. (type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T)) and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. 24048871 14 60 theme strain 2089:2094 arg1 14850 2127:2131 type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850 2084:2131 type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T) 2084:2134 nov. (type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T)) and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. 24048871 12 61 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1637:1655 arg1 acids 1719:1723 fatty acids 1713:1723 fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17  1713:1763 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 12 61 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1637:1655 arg1 A1γ 1663:1665 A1γ 1663:1665 A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan 1663:1710 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 12 61 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1637:1655 arg1 acid 1657:1660 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1637:1660 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1637:1660 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 1 62 theme nov. 48:51 arg1 kozakliensis 77:88 nov. and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis 48:88 nov. and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis 48:88 nov. and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. 24048871 13 63 theme new 1948:1950 arg1 isolates 1952:1959 new isolates 1948:1959 new isolates 1948:1959 Based upon phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that new isolates represent a novel genus, Thermolongibacillus gen. nov., with two novel species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp. 24048871 10 64 theme Bacillaceae 1337:1347 arg1 members 1315:1321 other members 1309:1321 other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %) 1309:1357 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities suggested distant relationships with other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %), although the two strains showed 97.5 % sequence similarity between them, and had 55 % relatedness by DNA-DNA hybridization. 24048871 8 65 with NaCl 945:948 arg1 growth 963:968 optimal growth 955:968 optimal growth 955:968 Strain E173a(T) grew within a salinity range from 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl with optimal growth at 0.5 %, while strain E265(T) grew within the range 0-5.0 % (w/v), with an optimum at 3.0 %. 24048871 3 66 theme E265 230:233 arg1 T 235:235 E265(T) 230:236 E265(T) 230:236 Two novel endospore-forming, aerobic bacilli, strains E173a(T) and E265(T), were isolated from soil and sediment samples from Kozakli and Altinsu hot springs, Nevsehir (Turkey). 24048871 3 66 theme E265 230:233 arg1 strains 209:215 strains E173a(T) and E265(T) 209:236 strains E173a(T) and E265(T) 209:236 Two novel endospore-forming, aerobic bacilli, strains E173a(T) and E265(T), were isolated from soil and sediment samples from Kozakli and Altinsu hot springs, Nevsehir (Turkey). 24048871 12 67 theme T 1606:1606 arg1 [presence 1609:1617 E265(T) [presence 1601:1617 E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17  1601:1763 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 7 68 dep pH 861:862 arg1 T 874:874 T 874:874 T 874:874 Growth occurred within the range pH 5.0-11.0 with optimal growth at pH 9.0 (E173a(T)) and pH 8.5 (E265(T)). 24048871 7 68 dep pH 861:862 arg1 E265 869:872 E265 869:872 E265(T) 869:875 Growth occurred within the range pH 5.0-11.0 with optimal growth at pH 9.0 (E173a(T)) and pH 8.5 (E265(T)). 24048871 4 69 theme growth 572:577 arg1 phase 563:567 the stationary phase 548:567 the stationary phase of growth 548:577 Their young cells in the exponential phase of growth were motile, Gram-stain-positive, straight rods, 0.6-1.1×3.0-8.0 µm in size, but they became strikingly long, approximately 0.6-1.2 by 9.0-35.0 µm, after the stationary phase of growth. 24048871 6 70 from °C 736:737 arg1 growth 723:728 optimal growth 715:728 optimal growth at 60 °C (E173a(T)) and 55 °C (E265(T)) 715:768 Both strains could grow between 40 and 70 °C, with optimal growth at 60 °C (E173a(T)) and 55 °C (E265(T)). 24048871 8 71 theme w/v 940:942 arg1 NaCl 945:948 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl 929:948 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl with optimal growth 929:968 Strain E173a(T) grew within a salinity range from 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl with optimal growth at 0.5 %, while strain E265(T) grew within the range 0-5.0 % (w/v), with an optimum at 3.0 %. 24048871 10 72 theme 16S 1236:1238 arg1 rRNA 1240:1243 16S rRNA 1236:1243 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1236:1270 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities suggested distant relationships with other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %), although the two strains showed 97.5 % sequence similarity between them, and had 55 % relatedness by DNA-DNA hybridization. 24048871 8 73 theme % 937:937 arg1 NaCl 945:948 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl 929:948 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl with optimal growth 929:968 Strain E173a(T) grew within a salinity range from 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl with optimal growth at 0.5 %, while strain E265(T) grew within the range 0-5.0 % (w/v), with an optimum at 3.0 %. 24048871 9 74 theme new 1068:1070 arg1 isolates 1072:1079 The new isolates 1064:1079 The new isolates 1064:1079 The new isolates differed from each other in some phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters as well as repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints. 24048871 4 75 theme growth 387:392 arg1 phase 378:382 the exponential phase 362:382 the exponential phase of growth 362:392 Their young cells in the exponential phase of growth were motile, Gram-stain-positive, straight rods, 0.6-1.1×3.0-8.0 µm in size, but they became strikingly long, approximately 0.6-1.2 by 9.0-35.0 µm, after the stationary phase of growth. 24048871 14 76 theme kozakliensis 2161:2172 arg1 sp 2174:2175 kozakliensis sp 2161:2175 kozakliensis sp 2161:2175 nov. (type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T)) and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. 24048871 12 77 theme E265 1601:1604 arg1 [presence 1609:1617 E265(T) [presence 1601:1617 E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17  1601:1763 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 10 78 theme % 1397:1397 arg1 similarity 1408:1417 97.5 % sequence similarity 1392:1417 97.5 % sequence similarity between them 1392:1430 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities suggested distant relationships with other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %), although the two strains showed 97.5 % sequence similarity between them, and had 55 % relatedness by DNA-DNA hybridization. 24048871 3 79 theme soil 258:261 arg1 samples 276:282 soil and sediment samples 258:282 samples 276:282 Two novel endospore-forming, aerobic bacilli, strains E173a(T) and E265(T), were isolated from soil and sediment samples from Kozakli and Altinsu hot springs, Nevsehir (Turkey). 24048871 8 80 theme optimal 955:961 arg1 growth 963:968 optimal growth 955:968 optimal growth 955:968 Strain E173a(T) grew within a salinity range from 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl with optimal growth at 0.5 %, while strain E265(T) grew within the range 0-5.0 % (w/v), with an optimum at 3.0 %. 24048871 7 81 theme optimal 821:827 arg1 growth 829:834 optimal growth 821:834 optimal growth 821:834 Growth occurred within the range pH 5.0-11.0 with optimal growth at pH 9.0 (E173a(T)) and pH 8.5 (E265(T)). 24048871 8 82 from % 1061:1061 arg1 optimum 1046:1052 an optimum 1043:1052 an optimum at 3.0 % 1043:1061 Strain E173a(T) grew within a salinity range from 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl with optimal growth at 0.5 %, while strain E265(T) grew within the range 0-5.0 % (w/v), with an optimum at 3.0 %. 24048871 8 83 from NaCl 945:948 arg1 range 918:922 a salinity range 907:922 a salinity range from 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl with optimal growth 907:968 Strain E173a(T) grew within a salinity range from 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl with optimal growth at 0.5 %, while strain E265(T) grew within the range 0-5.0 % (w/v), with an optimum at 3.0 %. 24048871 9 84 theme phenotypic 1114:1123 arg1 characters 1144:1153 some phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters 1109:1153 some phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters as well as repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints 1109:1233 The new isolates differed from each other in some phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters as well as repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints. 24048871 3 85 theme sediment 267:274 arg1 samples 276:282 soil and sediment samples 258:282 samples 276:282 Two novel endospore-forming, aerobic bacilli, strains E173a(T) and E265(T), were isolated from soil and sediment samples from Kozakli and Altinsu hot springs, Nevsehir (Turkey). 24048871 2 86 dep aerobic 100:106 arg1 long 123:126 long 123:126 long 123:126 nov., aerobic, thermophilic, long bacilli isolated from hot springs. 24048871 2 86 dep aerobic 100:106 arg1 thermophilic 109:120 thermophilic 109:120 thermophilic 109:120 nov., aerobic, thermophilic, long bacilli isolated from hot springs. 24048871 12 87 theme chemotaxonomic 1565:1578 arg1 data 1580:1583 the chemotaxonomic data 1561:1583 the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] 1561:1779 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 9 88 theme chemotaxonomic 1129:1142 arg1 characters 1144:1153 some phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters 1109:1153 some phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters as well as repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints 1109:1233 The new isolates differed from each other in some phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters as well as repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints. 24048871 3 89 theme hot 309:311 arg1 springs 313:319 hot springs 309:319 hot springs 309:319 Two novel endospore-forming, aerobic bacilli, strains E173a(T) and E265(T), were isolated from soil and sediment samples from Kozakli and Altinsu hot springs, Nevsehir (Turkey). 24048871 4 90 theme motile 399:404 arg1 rods 437:440 motile, Gram-stain-positive, straight rods 399:440 motile, Gram-stain-positive, straight rods 399:440 Their young cells in the exponential phase of growth were motile, Gram-stain-positive, straight rods, 0.6-1.1×3.0-8.0 µm in size, but they became strikingly long, approximately 0.6-1.2 by 9.0-35.0 µm, after the stationary phase of growth. 24048871 4 90 theme motile 399:404 arg1 µm 459:460 0.6-1.1×3.0-8.0 µm 443:460 0.6-1.1×3.0-8.0 µm in size 443:468 Their young cells in the exponential phase of growth were motile, Gram-stain-positive, straight rods, 0.6-1.1×3.0-8.0 µm in size, but they became strikingly long, approximately 0.6-1.2 by 9.0-35.0 µm, after the stationary phase of growth. 24048871 7 91 dep range 798:802 arg1 pH 804:805 pH 5.0-11.0 804:814 the range pH 5.0-11.0 794:814 Growth occurred within the range pH 5.0-11.0 with optimal growth at pH 9.0 (E173a(T)) and pH 8.5 (E265(T)). 24048871 3 92 theme aerobic 192:198 arg1 endospore-forming 173:189 endospore-forming 173:189 endospore-forming 173:189 Two novel endospore-forming, aerobic bacilli, strains E173a(T) and E265(T), were isolated from soil and sediment samples from Kozakli and Altinsu hot springs, Nevsehir (Turkey). 24048871 3 92 theme aerobic 192:198 arg1 bacilli 200:206 aerobic bacilli 192:206 aerobic bacilli 192:206 Two novel endospore-forming, aerobic bacilli, strains E173a(T) and E265(T), were isolated from soil and sediment samples from Kozakli and Altinsu hot springs, Nevsehir (Turkey). 24048871 10 93 theme sequence 1250:1257 arg1 similarities 1259:1270 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1236:1270 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1236:1270 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities suggested distant relationships with other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %), although the two strains showed 97.5 % sequence similarity between them, and had 55 % relatedness by DNA-DNA hybridization. 24048871 0 94 theme altinsuensis 20:31 arg1 nov. 38:41 Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis gen. nov. 0:41 Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis gen. nov. 0:41 Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis gen. nov., sp. 24048871 12 95 theme genus 1849:1853 arg1 members 1830:1836 members 1830:1836 members of a novel genus 1830:1853 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 12 95 theme genus 1849:1853 arg1 consideration 1795:1807 the consideration 1791:1807 the consideration of these isolates 1791:1825 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 11 96 theme DNA 1488:1490 arg1 44.8 1510:1513 44.8 1510:1513 44.8 1510:1513 The DNA G+C contents were 44.8 (E173a(T)) and 43.5 mol% (E265(T)). 24048871 11 96 theme DNA 1488:1490 arg1 contents 1496:1503 The DNA G+C contents 1484:1503 The DNA G+C contents 1484:1503 The DNA G+C contents were 44.8 (E173a(T)) and 43.5 mol% (E265(T)). 24048871 12 97 dep iso-C15  1735:1742 arg1  0 1744:1745  0 1744:1745  0 1744:1745 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 12 97 dep iso-C15  1735:1742 arg1 % 1752:1752 >60 % 1748:1752 >60 % 1748:1752 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 9 98 theme extragenic 1177:1186 arg1 fingerprints 1222:1233 repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints 1166:1233 some phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters as well as repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints 1109:1233 The new isolates differed from each other in some phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters as well as repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints. 24048871 3 99 attach isolated 244:251 arg1 samples 276:282 soil and sediment samples 258:282 samples 276:282 Two novel endospore-forming, aerobic bacilli, strains E173a(T) and E265(T), were isolated from soil and sediment samples from Kozakli and Altinsu hot springs, Nevsehir (Turkey). 24048871 3 99 attach isolated 244:251 arg2 bacilli 200:206 aerobic bacilli 192:206 aerobic bacilli 192:206 Two novel endospore-forming, aerobic bacilli, strains E173a(T) and E265(T), were isolated from soil and sediment samples from Kozakli and Altinsu hot springs, Nevsehir (Turkey). 24048871 3 99 attach isolated 244:251 arg2 endospore-forming 173:189 endospore-forming 173:189 endospore-forming 173:189 Two novel endospore-forming, aerobic bacilli, strains E173a(T) and E265(T), were isolated from soil and sediment samples from Kozakli and Altinsu hot springs, Nevsehir (Turkey). 24048871 3 99 attach isolated 244:251 arg2 strains 209:215 strains E173a(T) and E265(T) 209:236 strains E173a(T) and E265(T) 209:236 Two novel endospore-forming, aerobic bacilli, strains E173a(T) and E265(T), were isolated from soil and sediment samples from Kozakli and Altinsu hot springs, Nevsehir (Turkey). 24048871 12 100 theme [presence 1609:1617 arg1 data 1580:1583 the chemotaxonomic data 1561:1583 the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] 1561:1779 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 12 101 theme cross-linkage 1675:1687 arg1 types 1689:1693 A1γ' cross-linkage types 1670:1693 A1γ' cross-linkage types 1670:1693 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 13 102 theme novel 1973:1977 arg1 nov. 2011:2014 Thermolongibacillus gen. nov. 1986:2014 Thermolongibacillus gen. nov. 1986:2014 Based upon phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that new isolates represent a novel genus, Thermolongibacillus gen. nov., with two novel species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp. 24048871 13 102 theme novel 1973:1977 arg1 genus 1979:1983 a novel genus 1971:1983 a novel genus 1971:1983 Based upon phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that new isolates represent a novel genus, Thermolongibacillus gen. nov., with two novel species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp. 24048871 9 103 theme element 1200:1206 arg1 fingerprints 1222:1233 repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints 1166:1233 some phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters as well as repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints 1109:1233 The new isolates differed from each other in some phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters as well as repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints. 24048871 14 104 theme  = DSM 2103:2108 arg1 T 2133:2133 T 2133:2133 T 2133:2133 nov. (type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T)) and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. 24048871 14 104 theme  = DSM 2103:2108 arg1 14850 2127:2131 type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850 2084:2131 type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T) 2084:2134 nov. (type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T)) and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. 24048871 10 105 theme 55  1441:1443 arg1 % 1444:1444 % 1444:1444 % 1444:1444 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities suggested distant relationships with other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %), although the two strains showed 97.5 % sequence similarity between them, and had 55 % relatedness by DNA-DNA hybridization. 24048871 12 106 theme acid 1657:1660 arg1 acids 1719:1723 fatty acids 1713:1723 fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17  1713:1763 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 12 106 theme acid 1657:1660 arg1 A1γ 1663:1665 A1γ 1663:1665 A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan 1663:1710 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 12 106 theme acid 1657:1660 arg1 amounts 1626:1632 low amounts 1622:1632 low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17  1622:1763 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 12 106 theme acid 1657:1660 arg1 acid 1657:1660 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1637:1660 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1637:1660 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 4 107 from µm 459:460 arg1 size 465:468 size 465:468 size 465:468 Their young cells in the exponential phase of growth were motile, Gram-stain-positive, straight rods, 0.6-1.1×3.0-8.0 µm in size, but they became strikingly long, approximately 0.6-1.2 by 9.0-35.0 µm, after the stationary phase of growth. 24048871 0 108 dep sp 44:45 arg1 nov. 38:41 Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis gen. nov. 0:41 Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis gen. nov. 0:41 Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis gen. nov., sp. 24048871 14 109 theme T 2101:2101 arg1 T 2133:2133 T 2133:2133 T 2133:2133 nov. (type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T)) and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. 24048871 14 109 theme T 2101:2101 arg1 14850 2127:2131 type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850 2084:2131 type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T) 2084:2134 nov. (type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T)) and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. 24048871 6 110 dep °C 736:737 arg1 T 746:746 T 746:746 T 746:746 Both strains could grow between 40 and 70 °C, with optimal growth at 60 °C (E173a(T)) and 55 °C (E265(T)). 24048871 6 110 dep °C 736:737 arg1 E173a 740:744 E173a 740:744 E173a(T) 740:747 Both strains could grow between 40 and 70 °C, with optimal growth at 60 °C (E173a(T)) and 55 °C (E265(T)). 24048871 6 111 from °C 757:758 arg1 growth 723:728 optimal growth 715:728 optimal growth at 60 °C (E173a(T)) and 55 °C (E265(T)) 715:768 Both strains could grow between 40 and 70 °C, with optimal growth at 60 °C (E173a(T)) and 55 °C (E265(T)). 24048871 14 112 dep nov 2078:2080 arg1 sp 2174:2175 kozakliensis sp 2161:2175 kozakliensis sp 2161:2175 nov. (type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T)) and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. 24048871 14 112 dep nov 2078:2080 arg1 T 2133:2133 T 2133:2133 T 2133:2133 nov. (type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T)) and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. 24048871 14 112 dep nov 2078:2080 arg1 14850 2127:2131 type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850 2084:2131 type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T) 2084:2134 nov. (type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T)) and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. 24048871 4 113 theme exponential 366:376 arg1 phase 378:382 the exponential phase 362:382 the exponential phase of growth 362:392 Their young cells in the exponential phase of growth were motile, Gram-stain-positive, straight rods, 0.6-1.1×3.0-8.0 µm in size, but they became strikingly long, approximately 0.6-1.2 by 9.0-35.0 µm, after the stationary phase of growth. 24048871 14 114 theme E265 2096:2099 arg1 T 2133:2133 T 2133:2133 T 2133:2133 nov. (type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T)) and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. 24048871 14 114 theme E265 2096:2099 arg1 14850 2127:2131 type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850 2084:2131 type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T) 2084:2134 nov. (type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T)) and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. 24048871 10 115 theme DNA-DNA 1461:1467 arg1 hybridization 1469:1481 DNA-DNA hybridization 1461:1481 DNA-DNA hybridization 1461:1481 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities suggested distant relationships with other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %), although the two strains showed 97.5 % sequence similarity between them, and had 55 % relatedness by DNA-DNA hybridization. 24048871 12 116 theme low 1622:1624 arg1 acids 1719:1723 fatty acids 1713:1723 fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17  1713:1763 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 12 116 theme low 1622:1624 arg1 A1γ 1663:1665 A1γ 1663:1665 A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan 1663:1710 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 12 116 theme low 1622:1624 arg1 amounts 1626:1632 low amounts 1622:1632 low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17  1622:1763 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 12 116 theme low 1622:1624 arg1 acid 1657:1660 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1637:1660 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1637:1660 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 10 117 theme other 1309:1313 arg1 members 1315:1321 other members 1309:1321 other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %) 1309:1357 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities suggested distant relationships with other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %), although the two strains showed 97.5 % sequence similarity between them, and had 55 % relatedness by DNA-DNA hybridization. 24048871 14 118 theme type 2084:2087 arg1 T 2133:2133 T 2133:2133 T 2133:2133 nov. (type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T)) and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. 24048871 14 118 theme type 2084:2087 arg1 14850 2127:2131 type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850 2084:2131 type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T) 2084:2134 nov. (type strain E265(T) = DSM 24979(T) = NCIMB 14850(T)) and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. 24048871 12 119 theme isolates 1818:1825 arg1 members 1830:1836 members 1830:1836 members of a novel genus 1830:1853 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 12 119 theme isolates 1818:1825 arg1 consideration 1795:1807 the consideration 1791:1807 the consideration of these isolates 1791:1825 Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173a(T) and E265(T) [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ' cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. 24048871 13 120 theme gen. 2006:2009 arg1 nov. 2011:2014 Thermolongibacillus gen. nov. 1986:2014 Thermolongibacillus gen. nov. 1986:2014 Based upon phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that new isolates represent a novel genus, Thermolongibacillus gen. nov., with two novel species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp. 24048871 13 120 theme gen. 2006:2009 arg1 genus 1979:1983 a novel genus 1971:1983 a novel genus 1971:1983 Based upon phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that new isolates represent a novel genus, Thermolongibacillus gen. nov., with two novel species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp. 27435935 8 0 theme M2BPGi 1102:1107 arg1 levels 1109:1114 M2BPGi levels 1102:1114 M2BPGi levels in patients treated with IFN-free therapy 1102:1156 In contrast, M2BPGi levels in patients treated with IFN-free therapy decreased immediately after starting the treatment without transient elevation. 27435935 6 1 theme total 866:870 arg1 levels 877:882 serum total M2BP levels 860:882 serum total M2BP levels 860:882 As subanalysis, serum total M2BP levels were measured in patients treated with pegylated-interferon and ribavirin. 27435935 6 1 theme total 866:870 arg1 subanalysis 847:857 subanalysis 847:857 subanalysis 847:857 As subanalysis, serum total M2BP levels were measured in patients treated with pegylated-interferon and ribavirin. 27435935 12 2 theme CHC 1825:1827 arg1 patients 1829:1836 CHC patients 1825:1836 CHC patients 1825:1836 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of the serum M2BPGi level after antiviral therapy for CHC patients could be a helpful screening tool for assessing the risk of HCC. 27435935 10 3 theme HCC 1522:1524 arg1 development 1526:1536 HCC development 1522:1536 HCC development 1522:1536 In multivariate analysis, non-SVR and HCC development were independent factors associated with M2BPGi level ≥2.2. 27435935 0 4 theme C 193:193 arg1 patients 195:202 chronic hepatitis C patients 175:202 chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy 175:246 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein is useful for predicting liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy. 27435935 1 5 theme positive 284:291 arg1 protein 314:320 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein 249:320 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) 249:329 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) is a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis. 27435935 1 5 theme positive 284:291 arg1 glyco-marker 348:359 a noninvasive glyco-marker 334:359 a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis 334:378 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) is a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis. 27435935 1 5 theme positive 284:291 arg1 M2BPGi 323:328 M2BPGi 323:328 M2BPGi 323:328 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) is a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis. 27435935 12 6 theme M2BPGi 1784:1789 arg1 level 1791:1795 the serum M2BPGi level 1774:1795 the serum M2BPGi level after antiviral therapy for CHC patients 1774:1836 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of the serum M2BPGi level after antiviral therapy for CHC patients could be a helpful screening tool for assessing the risk of HCC. 27435935 1 7 theme WFA+ 294:297 arg1 protein 314:320 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein 249:320 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) 249:329 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) is a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis. 27435935 1 7 theme WFA+ 294:297 arg1 glyco-marker 348:359 a noninvasive glyco-marker 334:359 a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis 334:378 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) is a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis. 27435935 1 7 theme WFA+ 294:297 arg1 M2BPGi 323:328 M2BPGi 323:328 M2BPGi 323:328 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) is a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis. 27435935 0 8 theme IFN-based 217:225 arg1 therapy 240:246 IFN-based and IFN-free therapy 217:246 IFN-based and IFN-free therapy 217:246 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein is useful for predicting liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy. 27435935 8 9 theme IFN-free 1141:1148 arg1 therapy 1150:1156 IFN-free therapy 1141:1156 IFN-free therapy 1141:1156 In contrast, M2BPGi levels in patients treated with IFN-free therapy decreased immediately after starting the treatment without transient elevation. 27435935 0 10 theme carcinoma 162:170 arg1 fibrosis 115:122 liver fibrosis 109:122 liver fibrosis 109:122 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein is useful for predicting liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy. 27435935 0 10 theme carcinoma 162:170 arg1 development 132:142 the development 128:142 the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy 128:246 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein is useful for predicting liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy. 27435935 0 11 theme IFN-free 231:238 arg1 therapy 240:246 IFN-based and IFN-free therapy 217:246 IFN-based and IFN-free therapy 217:246 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein is useful for predicting liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy. 27435935 9 12 from fibrosis 1303:1310 arg1 patients 1320:1327 both patients 1315:1327 both patients with a sustained virological response (SVR) and non-SVR 1315:1383 Though pre-treatment M2BPGi levels significantly correlated with fibrosis in both patients with a sustained virological response (SVR) and non-SVR, post-treatment M2BPGi levels decreased regardless of the degree of fibrosis in patients with SVR. 27435935 3 13 theme hepatitis 603:611 arg1 CHC 616:618 CHC 616:618 CHC 616:618 METHODS This study included 119 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). 27435935 3 13 theme hepatitis 603:611 arg1 C 613:613 chronic hepatitis C 595:613 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) 595:619 METHODS This study included 119 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). 27435935 0 14 theme hepatitis 183:191 arg1 patients 195:202 chronic hepatitis C patients 175:202 chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy 175:246 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein is useful for predicting liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy. 27435935 7 15 theme M2BPGi 1011:1016 arg1 levels 1018:1023 M2BPGi levels 1011:1023 M2BPGi levels 1011:1023 RESULTS In patients treated with IFN-based therapy, M2BPGi levels were elevated at the end of treatment but decreased afterwards. 27435935 0 16 from fibrosis 115:122 arg1 patients 195:202 chronic hepatitis C patients 175:202 chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy 175:246 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein is useful for predicting liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy. 27435935 9 17 with patients 1320:1327 arg1 SVR 1368:1370 SVR 1368:1370 SVR 1368:1370 Though pre-treatment M2BPGi levels significantly correlated with fibrosis in both patients with a sustained virological response (SVR) and non-SVR, post-treatment M2BPGi levels decreased regardless of the degree of fibrosis in patients with SVR. 27435935 9 17 with patients 1320:1327 arg1 non-SVR 1377:1383 non-SVR 1377:1383 non-SVR 1377:1383 Though pre-treatment M2BPGi levels significantly correlated with fibrosis in both patients with a sustained virological response (SVR) and non-SVR, post-treatment M2BPGi levels decreased regardless of the degree of fibrosis in patients with SVR. 27435935 9 17 with patients 1320:1327 arg1 response 1358:1365 a sustained virological response 1334:1365 a sustained virological response (SVR) 1334:1371 Though pre-treatment M2BPGi levels significantly correlated with fibrosis in both patients with a sustained virological response (SVR) and non-SVR, post-treatment M2BPGi levels decreased regardless of the degree of fibrosis in patients with SVR. 27435935 0 18 theme chronic 175:181 arg1 patients 195:202 chronic hepatitis C patients 175:202 chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy 175:246 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein is useful for predicting liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy. 27435935 9 19 theme pre-treatment 1245:1257 arg1 levels 1266:1271 pre-treatment M2BPGi levels 1245:1271 pre-treatment M2BPGi levels 1245:1271 Though pre-treatment M2BPGi levels significantly correlated with fibrosis in both patients with a sustained virological response (SVR) and non-SVR, post-treatment M2BPGi levels decreased regardless of the degree of fibrosis in patients with SVR. 27435935 3 20 dep METHODS 549:555 arg1 included 568:575 included 568:575 included 119 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) 568:619 METHODS This study included 119 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). 27435935 12 21 theme Real-time 1750:1758 arg1 monitoring 1760:1769 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring 1739:1769 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of the serum M2BPGi level after antiviral therapy for CHC patients 1739:1836 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of the serum M2BPGi level after antiviral therapy for CHC patients could be a helpful screening tool for assessing the risk of HCC. 27435935 12 21 theme Real-time 1750:1758 arg1 tool 1867:1870 a helpful screening tool 1847:1870 a helpful screening tool for assessing the risk of HCC 1847:1900 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of the serum M2BPGi level after antiviral therapy for CHC patients could be a helpful screening tool for assessing the risk of HCC. 27435935 2 22 theme development 502:512 arg1 utility 406:412 the utility 402:412 the utility of serial measurement of serum M2BPGi and total M2BP 402:465 This study evaluated the utility of serial measurement of serum M2BPGi and total M2BP as a predictor of fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27435935 2 22 theme development 502:512 arg1 predictor 472:480 a predictor 470:480 a predictor of fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 470:546 This study evaluated the utility of serial measurement of serum M2BPGi and total M2BP as a predictor of fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27435935 4 23 theme IFN-based 662:670 arg1 therapy 672:678 IFN-based therapy 662:678 IFN-based therapy 662:678 Of these patients, 97 were treated with IFN-based therapy and 22 were treated with daclatasvir and asunaprevir. 27435935 5 24 theme M2BPGi 740:745 arg1 values 747:752 Serum M2BPGi values 734:752 Serum M2BPGi values 734:752 Serum M2BPGi values were measured prior to, at the end of, and at 24 weeks after the completion of treatment. 27435935 1 25 theme noninvasive 336:346 arg1 protein 314:320 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein 249:320 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) 249:329 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) is a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis. 27435935 1 25 theme noninvasive 336:346 arg1 glyco-marker 348:359 a noninvasive glyco-marker 334:359 a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis 334:378 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) is a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis. 27435935 2 26 theme hepatocellular 517:530 arg1 HCC 543:545 HCC 543:545 HCC 543:545 This study evaluated the utility of serial measurement of serum M2BPGi and total M2BP as a predictor of fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27435935 2 26 theme hepatocellular 517:530 arg1 carcinoma 532:540 hepatocellular carcinoma 517:540 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 517:546 This study evaluated the utility of serial measurement of serum M2BPGi and total M2BP as a predictor of fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27435935 2 27 theme M2BP 462:465 arg1 measurement 424:434 serial measurement 417:434 serial measurement of serum M2BPGi and total M2BP 417:465 This study evaluated the utility of serial measurement of serum M2BPGi and total M2BP as a predictor of fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27435935 0 28 theme Serial 0:5 arg1 measurement 7:17 Serial measurement 0:17 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein 0:82 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein is useful for predicting liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy. 27435935 10 29 theme multivariate 1487:1498 arg1 analysis 1500:1507 multivariate analysis 1487:1507 multivariate analysis 1487:1507 In multivariate analysis, non-SVR and HCC development were independent factors associated with M2BPGi level ≥2.2. 27435935 2 30 theme serum 439:443 arg1 M2BPGi 445:450 serum M2BPGi 439:450 serum M2BPGi 439:450 This study evaluated the utility of serial measurement of serum M2BPGi and total M2BP as a predictor of fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27435935 9 31 theme sustained 1336:1344 arg1 SVR 1368:1370 SVR 1368:1370 SVR 1368:1370 Though pre-treatment M2BPGi levels significantly correlated with fibrosis in both patients with a sustained virological response (SVR) and non-SVR, post-treatment M2BPGi levels decreased regardless of the degree of fibrosis in patients with SVR. 27435935 9 31 theme sustained 1336:1344 arg1 response 1358:1365 a sustained virological response 1334:1365 a sustained virological response (SVR) 1334:1371 Though pre-treatment M2BPGi levels significantly correlated with fibrosis in both patients with a sustained virological response (SVR) and non-SVR, post-treatment M2BPGi levels decreased regardless of the degree of fibrosis in patients with SVR. 27435935 11 32 theme HCC 1722:1724 arg1 development 1726:1736 HCC development 1722:1736 HCC development 1722:1736 In patients treated with pegylated-interferon and ribavirin, total M2BP levels were positively correlated with fibrosis and HCC development. 27435935 2 33 theme measurement 424:434 arg1 utility 406:412 the utility 402:412 the utility of serial measurement of serum M2BPGi and total M2BP 402:465 This study evaluated the utility of serial measurement of serum M2BPGi and total M2BP as a predictor of fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27435935 2 33 theme measurement 424:434 arg1 predictor 472:480 a predictor 470:480 a predictor of fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 470:546 This study evaluated the utility of serial measurement of serum M2BPGi and total M2BP as a predictor of fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27435935 0 34 theme floribunda 31:40 arg1 protein 76:82 Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein 22:82 Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein 22:82 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein is useful for predicting liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy. 27435935 0 35 theme protein 76:82 arg1 measurement 7:17 Serial measurement 0:17 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein 0:82 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein is useful for predicting liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy. 27435935 0 36 theme positive 53:60 arg1 protein 76:82 Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein 22:82 Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein 22:82 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein is useful for predicting liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy. 27435935 12 37 theme screening 1857:1865 arg1 monitoring 1760:1769 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring 1739:1769 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of the serum M2BPGi level after antiviral therapy for CHC patients 1739:1836 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of the serum M2BPGi level after antiviral therapy for CHC patients could be a helpful screening tool for assessing the risk of HCC. 27435935 12 37 theme screening 1857:1865 arg1 tool 1867:1870 a helpful screening tool 1847:1870 a helpful screening tool for assessing the risk of HCC 1847:1900 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of the serum M2BPGi level after antiviral therapy for CHC patients could be a helpful screening tool for assessing the risk of HCC. 27435935 7 38 theme treatment 1053:1061 arg1 end 1046:1048 the end 1042:1048 the end of treatment 1042:1061 RESULTS In patients treated with IFN-based therapy, M2BPGi levels were elevated at the end of treatment but decreased afterwards. 27435935 12 39 theme helpful 1849:1855 arg1 monitoring 1760:1769 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring 1739:1769 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of the serum M2BPGi level after antiviral therapy for CHC patients 1739:1836 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of the serum M2BPGi level after antiviral therapy for CHC patients could be a helpful screening tool for assessing the risk of HCC. 27435935 12 39 theme helpful 1849:1855 arg1 tool 1867:1870 a helpful screening tool 1847:1870 a helpful screening tool for assessing the risk of HCC 1847:1900 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of the serum M2BPGi level after antiviral therapy for CHC patients could be a helpful screening tool for assessing the risk of HCC. 27435935 10 40 theme independent 1543:1553 arg1 factors 1555:1561 independent factors 1543:1561 independent factors associated with M2BPGi level ≥2.2 1543:1595 In multivariate analysis, non-SVR and HCC development were independent factors associated with M2BPGi level ≥2.2. 27435935 1 41 theme Wisteria 253:260 arg1 agglutinin 273:282 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin 249:282 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) 249:329 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) is a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis. 27435935 6 42 theme M2BP 872:875 arg1 levels 877:882 serum total M2BP levels 860:882 serum total M2BP levels 860:882 As subanalysis, serum total M2BP levels were measured in patients treated with pegylated-interferon and ribavirin. 27435935 6 42 theme M2BP 872:875 arg1 subanalysis 847:857 subanalysis 847:857 subanalysis 847:857 As subanalysis, serum total M2BP levels were measured in patients treated with pegylated-interferon and ribavirin. 27435935 11 43 theme M2BP 1665:1668 arg1 levels 1670:1675 total M2BP levels 1659:1675 total M2BP levels 1659:1675 In patients treated with pegylated-interferon and ribavirin, total M2BP levels were positively correlated with fibrosis and HCC development. 27435935 1 44 theme agglutinin 273:282 arg1 protein 314:320 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein 249:320 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) 249:329 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) is a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis. 27435935 1 44 theme agglutinin 273:282 arg1 glyco-marker 348:359 a noninvasive glyco-marker 334:359 a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis 334:378 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) is a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis. 27435935 1 44 theme agglutinin 273:282 arg1 M2BPGi 323:328 M2BPGi 323:328 M2BPGi 323:328 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) is a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis. 27435935 6 45 theme serum 860:864 arg1 levels 877:882 serum total M2BP levels 860:882 serum total M2BP levels 860:882 As subanalysis, serum total M2BP levels were measured in patients treated with pegylated-interferon and ribavirin. 27435935 6 45 theme serum 860:864 arg1 subanalysis 847:857 subanalysis 847:857 subanalysis 847:857 As subanalysis, serum total M2BP levels were measured in patients treated with pegylated-interferon and ribavirin. 27435935 12 46 theme level 1791:1795 arg1 monitoring 1760:1769 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring 1739:1769 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of the serum M2BPGi level after antiviral therapy for CHC patients 1739:1836 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of the serum M2BPGi level after antiviral therapy for CHC patients could be a helpful screening tool for assessing the risk of HCC. 27435935 12 46 theme level 1791:1795 arg1 tool 1867:1870 a helpful screening tool 1847:1870 a helpful screening tool for assessing the risk of HCC 1847:1900 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of the serum M2BPGi level after antiviral therapy for CHC patients could be a helpful screening tool for assessing the risk of HCC. 27435935 12 47 theme antiviral 1803:1811 arg1 therapy 1813:1819 antiviral therapy 1803:1819 antiviral therapy for CHC patients 1803:1836 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of the serum M2BPGi level after antiviral therapy for CHC patients could be a helpful screening tool for assessing the risk of HCC. 27435935 0 48 from carcinoma 162:170 arg1 patients 195:202 chronic hepatitis C patients 175:202 chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy 175:246 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein is useful for predicting liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy. 27435935 5 49 dep prior 768:772 arg1 to 774:775 to 774:775 to 774:775 Serum M2BPGi values were measured prior to, at the end of, and at 24 weeks after the completion of treatment. 27435935 12 50 theme serum 1778:1782 arg1 level 1791:1795 the serum M2BPGi level 1774:1795 the serum M2BPGi level after antiviral therapy for CHC patients 1774:1836 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of the serum M2BPGi level after antiviral therapy for CHC patients could be a helpful screening tool for assessing the risk of HCC. 27435935 7 51 from RESULTS 959:965 arg1 patients 970:977 patients 970:977 patients 970:977 RESULTS In patients treated with IFN-based therapy, M2BPGi levels were elevated at the end of treatment but decreased afterwards. 27435935 9 52 theme fibrosis 1453:1460 arg1 degree 1443:1448 the degree 1439:1448 the degree of fibrosis 1439:1460 Though pre-treatment M2BPGi levels significantly correlated with fibrosis in both patients with a sustained virological response (SVR) and non-SVR, post-treatment M2BPGi levels decreased regardless of the degree of fibrosis in patients with SVR. 27435935 0 53 theme hepatocellular 147:160 arg1 carcinoma 162:170 hepatocellular carcinoma 147:170 hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy 147:246 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein is useful for predicting liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy. 27435935 3 54 theme chronic 595:601 arg1 CHC 616:618 CHC 616:618 CHC 616:618 METHODS This study included 119 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). 27435935 3 54 theme chronic 595:601 arg1 C 613:613 chronic hepatitis C 595:613 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) 595:619 METHODS This study included 119 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). 27435935 8 55 theme transient 1217:1225 arg1 elevation 1227:1235 transient elevation 1217:1235 transient elevation 1217:1235 In contrast, M2BPGi levels in patients treated with IFN-free therapy decreased immediately after starting the treatment without transient elevation. 27435935 3 56 with patients 581:588 arg1 CHC 616:618 CHC 616:618 CHC 616:618 METHODS This study included 119 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). 27435935 3 56 with patients 581:588 arg1 C 613:613 chronic hepatitis C 595:613 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) 595:619 METHODS This study included 119 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). 27435935 13 57 theme glycan 1916:1921 arg1 structure 1923:1931 its glycan structure 1912:1931 its glycan structure 1912:1931 M2BP and its glycan structure could be associated together with hepatocarcinogenesis. 27435935 7 58 theme IFN-based 992:1000 arg1 therapy 1002:1008 IFN-based therapy 992:1008 IFN-based therapy 992:1008 RESULTS In patients treated with IFN-based therapy, M2BPGi levels were elevated at the end of treatment but decreased afterwards. 27435935 5 59 theme Serum 734:738 arg1 values 747:752 Serum M2BPGi values 734:752 Serum M2BPGi values 734:752 Serum M2BPGi values were measured prior to, at the end of, and at 24 weeks after the completion of treatment. 27435935 9 60 theme M2BPGi 1259:1264 arg1 levels 1266:1271 pre-treatment M2BPGi levels 1245:1271 pre-treatment M2BPGi levels 1245:1271 Though pre-treatment M2BPGi levels significantly correlated with fibrosis in both patients with a sustained virological response (SVR) and non-SVR, post-treatment M2BPGi levels decreased regardless of the degree of fibrosis in patients with SVR. 27435935 5 61 theme treatment 833:841 arg1 completion 819:828 the completion 815:828 the completion of treatment 815:841 Serum M2BPGi values were measured prior to, at the end of, and at 24 weeks after the completion of treatment. 27435935 12 62 theme CONCLUSION 1739:1748 arg1 monitoring 1760:1769 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring 1739:1769 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of the serum M2BPGi level after antiviral therapy for CHC patients 1739:1836 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of the serum M2BPGi level after antiviral therapy for CHC patients could be a helpful screening tool for assessing the risk of HCC. 27435935 12 62 theme CONCLUSION 1739:1748 arg1 tool 1867:1870 a helpful screening tool 1847:1870 a helpful screening tool for assessing the risk of HCC 1847:1900 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of the serum M2BPGi level after antiviral therapy for CHC patients could be a helpful screening tool for assessing the risk of HCC. 27435935 2 63 theme fibrosis 485:492 arg1 utility 406:412 the utility 402:412 the utility of serial measurement of serum M2BPGi and total M2BP 402:465 This study evaluated the utility of serial measurement of serum M2BPGi and total M2BP as a predictor of fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27435935 2 63 theme fibrosis 485:492 arg1 predictor 472:480 a predictor 470:480 a predictor of fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 470:546 This study evaluated the utility of serial measurement of serum M2BPGi and total M2BP as a predictor of fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27435935 0 64 theme liver 109:113 arg1 fibrosis 115:122 liver fibrosis 109:122 liver fibrosis 109:122 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein is useful for predicting liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy. 27435935 1 65 theme liver 365:369 arg1 fibrosis 371:378 liver fibrosis 365:378 liver fibrosis 365:378 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) is a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis. 27435935 2 66 theme carcinoma 532:540 arg1 fibrosis 485:492 fibrosis 485:492 fibrosis 485:492 This study evaluated the utility of serial measurement of serum M2BPGi and total M2BP as a predictor of fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27435935 2 66 theme carcinoma 532:540 arg1 development 502:512 the development 498:512 the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 498:546 This study evaluated the utility of serial measurement of serum M2BPGi and total M2BP as a predictor of fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27435935 9 67 with patients 1465:1472 arg1 SVR 1479:1481 SVR 1479:1481 SVR 1479:1481 Though pre-treatment M2BPGi levels significantly correlated with fibrosis in both patients with a sustained virological response (SVR) and non-SVR, post-treatment M2BPGi levels decreased regardless of the degree of fibrosis in patients with SVR. 27435935 2 68 theme total 456:460 arg1 M2BP 462:465 total M2BP 456:465 total M2BP 456:465 This study evaluated the utility of serial measurement of serum M2BPGi and total M2BP as a predictor of fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27435935 0 69 theme Wisteria 22:29 arg1 protein 76:82 Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein 22:82 Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein 22:82 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein is useful for predicting liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy. 27435935 1 70 theme Mac-2-binding 300:312 arg1 protein 314:320 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein 249:320 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) 249:329 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) is a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis. 27435935 1 70 theme Mac-2-binding 300:312 arg1 glyco-marker 348:359 a noninvasive glyco-marker 334:359 a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis 334:378 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) is a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis. 27435935 1 70 theme Mac-2-binding 300:312 arg1 M2BPGi 323:328 M2BPGi 323:328 M2BPGi 323:328 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) is a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis. 27435935 2 71 theme M2BPGi 445:450 arg1 measurement 424:434 serial measurement 417:434 serial measurement of serum M2BPGi and total M2BP 417:465 This study evaluated the utility of serial measurement of serum M2BPGi and total M2BP as a predictor of fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27435935 0 72 from patients 195:202 arg1 fibrosis 115:122 liver fibrosis 109:122 liver fibrosis 109:122 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein is useful for predicting liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy. 27435935 0 72 from patients 195:202 arg1 development 132:142 the development 128:142 the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy 128:246 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein is useful for predicting liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy. 27435935 0 73 theme agglutinin 42:51 arg1 protein 76:82 Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein 22:82 Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein 22:82 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein is useful for predicting liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy. 27435935 9 74 theme virological 1346:1356 arg1 SVR 1368:1370 SVR 1368:1370 SVR 1368:1370 Though pre-treatment M2BPGi levels significantly correlated with fibrosis in both patients with a sustained virological response (SVR) and non-SVR, post-treatment M2BPGi levels decreased regardless of the degree of fibrosis in patients with SVR. 27435935 9 74 theme virological 1346:1356 arg1 response 1358:1365 a sustained virological response 1334:1365 a sustained virological response (SVR) 1334:1371 Though pre-treatment M2BPGi levels significantly correlated with fibrosis in both patients with a sustained virological response (SVR) and non-SVR, post-treatment M2BPGi levels decreased regardless of the degree of fibrosis in patients with SVR. 27435935 12 75 theme HCC 1898:1900 arg1 risk 1890:1893 the risk 1886:1893 the risk of HCC 1886:1900 CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of the serum M2BPGi level after antiviral therapy for CHC patients could be a helpful screening tool for assessing the risk of HCC. 27435935 9 76 theme M2BPGi 1401:1406 arg1 levels 1408:1413 post-treatment M2BPGi levels 1386:1413 post-treatment M2BPGi levels 1386:1413 Though pre-treatment M2BPGi levels significantly correlated with fibrosis in both patients with a sustained virological response (SVR) and non-SVR, post-treatment M2BPGi levels decreased regardless of the degree of fibrosis in patients with SVR. 27435935 2 77 theme serial 417:422 arg1 measurement 424:434 serial measurement 417:434 serial measurement of serum M2BPGi and total M2BP 417:465 This study evaluated the utility of serial measurement of serum M2BPGi and total M2BP as a predictor of fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27435935 0 78 theme Mac-2-binding 62:74 arg1 protein 76:82 Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein 22:82 Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein 22:82 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein is useful for predicting liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy. 27435935 10 79 from factors 1555:1561 arg1 analysis 1500:1507 multivariate analysis 1487:1507 multivariate analysis 1487:1507 In multivariate analysis, non-SVR and HCC development were independent factors associated with M2BPGi level ≥2.2. 27435935 1 80 theme AIM 249:251 arg1 agglutinin 273:282 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin 249:282 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) 249:329 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) is a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis. 27435935 8 81 from levels 1109:1114 arg1 patients 1119:1126 patients 1119:1126 patients treated with IFN-free therapy 1119:1156 In contrast, M2BPGi levels in patients treated with IFN-free therapy decreased immediately after starting the treatment without transient elevation. 27435935 0 82 from development 132:142 arg1 patients 195:202 chronic hepatitis C patients 175:202 chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy 175:246 Serial measurement of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein is useful for predicting liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with IFN-based and IFN-free therapy. 27435935 11 83 theme total 1659:1663 arg1 levels 1670:1675 total M2BP levels 1659:1675 total M2BP levels 1659:1675 In patients treated with pegylated-interferon and ribavirin, total M2BP levels were positively correlated with fibrosis and HCC development. 27435935 1 84 theme floribunda 262:271 arg1 agglutinin 273:282 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin 249:282 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) 249:329 AIM Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive (WFA+) Mac-2-binding protein (M2BPGi) is a noninvasive glyco-marker for liver fibrosis. 27435935 9 85 theme post-treatment 1386:1399 arg1 levels 1408:1413 post-treatment M2BPGi levels 1386:1413 post-treatment M2BPGi levels 1386:1413 Though pre-treatment M2BPGi levels significantly correlated with fibrosis in both patients with a sustained virological response (SVR) and non-SVR, post-treatment M2BPGi levels decreased regardless of the degree of fibrosis in patients with SVR. 24704229 3 0 theme milk 662:665 arg1 yield 667:671 milk yield 662:671 milk yield 662:671 In comparison to uninfected glands, subclinical mastitis was associated with a decrease in milk yield, lactose concentration, and curd yield and an increase in nitrite and nitrate concentrations and with measurements reflecting increased formation of NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide. 24704229 0 1 theme quality 180:186 arg1 impairment 162:171 impairment 162:171 impairment of its quality 162:186 Subclinical mastitis in goats is associated with upregulation of nitric oxide-derived oxidative stress that causes reduction of milk antioxidative properties and impairment of its quality. 24704229 0 1 theme quality 180:186 arg1 reduction 115:123 reduction 115:123 reduction of milk antioxidative properties 115:156 Subclinical mastitis in goats is associated with upregulation of nitric oxide-derived oxidative stress that causes reduction of milk antioxidative properties and impairment of its quality. 24704229 8 2 theme dairy 1695:1699 arg1 industry 1701:1708 the dairy industry 1691:1708 the dairy industry 1691:1708 Thus, subclinical mastitis in goats should be considered as a serious economic burden both by farmers and by the dairy industry. 24704229 7 3 theme cheese 1501:1506 arg1 production 1508:1517 cheese production 1501:1517 cheese production 1501:1517 We concluded that subclinical mastitis in goats caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci imposes negative changes in milk yield, milk quality for cheese production, and negatively affects the nutritional value of milk as food. 24704229 8 4 theme economic 1652:1659 arg1 burden 1661:1666 a serious economic burden 1642:1666 a serious economic burden 1642:1666 Thus, subclinical mastitis in goats should be considered as a serious economic burden both by farmers and by the dairy industry. 24704229 8 4 theme economic 1652:1659 arg1 mastitis 1600:1607 subclinical mastitis 1588:1607 subclinical mastitis in goats 1588:1616 Thus, subclinical mastitis in goats should be considered as a serious economic burden both by farmers and by the dairy industry. 24704229 5 5 from peroxides 1150:1158 arg1 fat 1163:1165 fat 1163:1165 fat 1163:1165 The increase in the NO-derived stress during subclinical infection was not associated with significant increase in oxidatively modified substances, 3-nitrotyrosine, and carbonyls on proteins, but with increased levels of peroxides on fat. 24704229 1 6 theme oxide 251:255 arg1 cycle 262:266 a nitric oxide (NO) cycle 242:266 a nitric oxide (NO) cycle 242:266 The aim of this study was to verify the existence of a nitric oxide (NO) cycle in goat milk and to study how changes in it affect milk composition during subclinical mastitis. 24704229 7 7 theme negative 1452:1459 arg1 changes 1461:1467 negative changes 1452:1467 negative changes in milk yield, milk quality for cheese production 1452:1517 We concluded that subclinical mastitis in goats caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci imposes negative changes in milk yield, milk quality for cheese production, and negatively affects the nutritional value of milk as food. 24704229 8 8 from mastitis 1600:1607 arg1 goats 1612:1616 goats 1612:1616 goats 1612:1616 Thus, subclinical mastitis in goats should be considered as a serious economic burden both by farmers and by the dairy industry. 24704229 1 9 from existence 229:237 arg1 milk 276:279 goat milk 271:279 goat milk 271:279 The aim of this study was to verify the existence of a nitric oxide (NO) cycle in goat milk and to study how changes in it affect milk composition during subclinical mastitis. 24704229 5 10 from fat 1163:1165 arg1 levels 1140:1145 increased levels 1130:1145 increased levels of peroxides on fat 1130:1165 The increase in the NO-derived stress during subclinical infection was not associated with significant increase in oxidatively modified substances, 3-nitrotyrosine, and carbonyls on proteins, but with increased levels of peroxides on fat. 24704229 2 11 used used 565:568 arg2 goats 389:393 Fifteen lactating dairy goats 365:393 Fifteen lactating dairy goats in which one udder-half was free from bacterial infection and the contra-lateral one was naturally infected with various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci 365:558 Fifteen lactating dairy goats in which one udder-half was free from bacterial infection and the contra-lateral one was naturally infected with various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci were used. 24704229 0 12 theme antioxidative 133:145 arg1 properties 147:156 milk antioxidative properties 128:156 milk antioxidative properties 128:156 Subclinical mastitis in goats is associated with upregulation of nitric oxide-derived oxidative stress that causes reduction of milk antioxidative properties and impairment of its quality. 24704229 1 13 theme subclinical 343:353 arg1 mastitis 355:362 subclinical mastitis 343:362 subclinical mastitis 343:362 The aim of this study was to verify the existence of a nitric oxide (NO) cycle in goat milk and to study how changes in it affect milk composition during subclinical mastitis. 24704229 4 14 theme cycling 885:891 arg1 occurrence 868:877 The occurrence 864:877 The occurrence of NO cycling in goat milk 864:904 The occurrence of NO cycling in goat milk was largely confirmed. 24704229 2 15 theme coagulase-negative 527:544 arg1 staphylococci 546:558 coagulase-negative staphylococci 527:558 coagulase-negative staphylococci 527:558 Fifteen lactating dairy goats in which one udder-half was free from bacterial infection and the contra-lateral one was naturally infected with various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci were used. 24704229 6 16 theme vitamin 1327:1333 arg1 levels 1337:1342 vitamin C levels 1327:1342 vitamin C levels 1327:1342 However, the relatively modest nitrosative stress in subclinically infected glands was associated with significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity and vitamin C levels in milk. 24704229 3 17 theme nitrogen 846:853 arg1 dioxide 855:861 NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide 822:861 NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide 822:861 In comparison to uninfected glands, subclinical mastitis was associated with a decrease in milk yield, lactose concentration, and curd yield and an increase in nitrite and nitrate concentrations and with measurements reflecting increased formation of NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide. 24704229 4 18 theme goat 896:899 arg1 milk 901:904 goat milk 896:904 goat milk 896:904 The occurrence of NO cycling in goat milk was largely confirmed. 24704229 5 19 theme modified 1056:1063 arg1 substances 1065:1074 oxidatively modified substances 1044:1074 oxidatively modified substances 1044:1074 The increase in the NO-derived stress during subclinical infection was not associated with significant increase in oxidatively modified substances, 3-nitrotyrosine, and carbonyls on proteins, but with increased levels of peroxides on fat. 24704229 3 20 theme NO-derived 822:831 arg1 dioxide 855:861 NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide 822:861 NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide 822:861 In comparison to uninfected glands, subclinical mastitis was associated with a decrease in milk yield, lactose concentration, and curd yield and an increase in nitrite and nitrate concentrations and with measurements reflecting increased formation of NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide. 24704229 6 21 theme modest 1192:1197 arg1 stress 1211:1216 the relatively modest nitrosative stress 1177:1216 the relatively modest nitrosative stress in subclinically infected glands 1177:1249 However, the relatively modest nitrosative stress in subclinically infected glands was associated with significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity and vitamin C levels in milk. 24704229 5 22 from substances 1065:1074 arg1 proteins 1111:1118 proteins 1111:1118 proteins 1111:1118 The increase in the NO-derived stress during subclinical infection was not associated with significant increase in oxidatively modified substances, 3-nitrotyrosine, and carbonyls on proteins, but with increased levels of peroxides on fat. 24704229 3 23 theme uninfected 588:597 arg1 glands 599:604 uninfected glands 588:604 uninfected glands 588:604 In comparison to uninfected glands, subclinical mastitis was associated with a decrease in milk yield, lactose concentration, and curd yield and an increase in nitrite and nitrate concentrations and with measurements reflecting increased formation of NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide. 24704229 2 24 from goats 389:393 arg1 free 423:426 free 423:426 free 423:426 Fifteen lactating dairy goats in which one udder-half was free from bacterial infection and the contra-lateral one was naturally infected with various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci were used. 24704229 0 25 theme oxide-derived 72:84 arg1 stress 96:101 nitric oxide-derived oxidative stress 65:101 nitric oxide-derived oxidative stress that causes reduction of milk antioxidative properties and impairment of its quality 65:186 Subclinical mastitis in goats is associated with upregulation of nitric oxide-derived oxidative stress that causes reduction of milk antioxidative properties and impairment of its quality. 24704229 5 26 theme increased 1130:1138 arg1 levels 1140:1145 increased levels 1130:1145 increased levels of peroxides on fat 1130:1165 The increase in the NO-derived stress during subclinical infection was not associated with significant increase in oxidatively modified substances, 3-nitrotyrosine, and carbonyls on proteins, but with increased levels of peroxides on fat. 24704229 6 27 theme nitrosative 1199:1209 arg1 stress 1211:1216 the relatively modest nitrosative stress 1177:1216 the relatively modest nitrosative stress in subclinically infected glands 1177:1249 However, the relatively modest nitrosative stress in subclinically infected glands was associated with significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity and vitamin C levels in milk. 24704229 0 28 theme stress 96:101 arg1 upregulation 49:60 upregulation 49:60 upregulation of nitric oxide-derived oxidative stress that causes reduction of milk antioxidative properties and impairment of its quality 49:186 Subclinical mastitis in goats is associated with upregulation of nitric oxide-derived oxidative stress that causes reduction of milk antioxidative properties and impairment of its quality. 24704229 5 29 theme NO-derived 949:958 arg1 stress 960:965 the NO-derived stress 945:965 the NO-derived stress during subclinical infection 945:994 The increase in the NO-derived stress during subclinical infection was not associated with significant increase in oxidatively modified substances, 3-nitrotyrosine, and carbonyls on proteins, but with increased levels of peroxides on fat. 24704229 5 30 from 3-nitrotyrosine 1077:1091 arg1 proteins 1111:1118 proteins 1111:1118 proteins 1111:1118 The increase in the NO-derived stress during subclinical infection was not associated with significant increase in oxidatively modified substances, 3-nitrotyrosine, and carbonyls on proteins, but with increased levels of peroxides on fat. 24704229 2 31 from free 423:426 arg1 goats 389:393 Fifteen lactating dairy goats 365:393 Fifteen lactating dairy goats in which one udder-half was free from bacterial infection and the contra-lateral one was naturally infected with various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci 365:558 Fifteen lactating dairy goats in which one udder-half was free from bacterial infection and the contra-lateral one was naturally infected with various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci were used. 24704229 0 32 theme Subclinical 0:10 arg1 mastitis 12:19 Subclinical mastitis 0:19 Subclinical mastitis in goats 0:28 Subclinical mastitis in goats is associated with upregulation of nitric oxide-derived oxidative stress that causes reduction of milk antioxidative properties and impairment of its quality. 24704229 7 33 from mastitis 1383:1390 arg1 goats 1395:1399 goats 1395:1399 goats caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci 1395:1442 We concluded that subclinical mastitis in goats caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci imposes negative changes in milk yield, milk quality for cheese production, and negatively affects the nutritional value of milk as food. 24704229 2 34 theme dairy 383:387 arg1 goats 389:393 Fifteen lactating dairy goats 365:393 Fifteen lactating dairy goats in which one udder-half was free from bacterial infection and the contra-lateral one was naturally infected with various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci 365:558 Fifteen lactating dairy goats in which one udder-half was free from bacterial infection and the contra-lateral one was naturally infected with various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci were used. 24704229 5 35 from levels 1140:1145 arg1 fat 1163:1165 fat 1163:1165 fat 1163:1165 The increase in the NO-derived stress during subclinical infection was not associated with significant increase in oxidatively modified substances, 3-nitrotyrosine, and carbonyls on proteins, but with increased levels of peroxides on fat. 24704229 1 36 from changes 298:304 arg1 it 309:310 it 309:310 it 309:310 The aim of this study was to verify the existence of a nitric oxide (NO) cycle in goat milk and to study how changes in it affect milk composition during subclinical mastitis. 24704229 7 37 theme nutritional 1547:1557 arg1 value 1559:1563 the nutritional value 1543:1563 the nutritional value of milk as food 1543:1579 We concluded that subclinical mastitis in goats caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci imposes negative changes in milk yield, milk quality for cheese production, and negatively affects the nutritional value of milk as food. 24704229 5 38 theme peroxides 1150:1158 arg1 levels 1140:1145 increased levels 1130:1145 increased levels of peroxides on fat 1130:1165 The increase in the NO-derived stress during subclinical infection was not associated with significant increase in oxidatively modified substances, 3-nitrotyrosine, and carbonyls on proteins, but with increased levels of peroxides on fat. 24704229 3 39 from decrease 650:657 arg1 yield 706:710 curd yield 701:710 curd yield 701:710 In comparison to uninfected glands, subclinical mastitis was associated with a decrease in milk yield, lactose concentration, and curd yield and an increase in nitrite and nitrate concentrations and with measurements reflecting increased formation of NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide. 24704229 3 39 from decrease 650:657 arg1 yield 667:671 milk yield 662:671 milk yield 662:671 In comparison to uninfected glands, subclinical mastitis was associated with a decrease in milk yield, lactose concentration, and curd yield and an increase in nitrite and nitrate concentrations and with measurements reflecting increased formation of NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide. 24704229 3 39 from decrease 650:657 arg1 concentration 682:694 lactose concentration 674:694 lactose concentration 674:694 In comparison to uninfected glands, subclinical mastitis was associated with a decrease in milk yield, lactose concentration, and curd yield and an increase in nitrite and nitrate concentrations and with measurements reflecting increased formation of NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide. 24704229 3 40 theme lactose 674:680 arg1 concentration 682:694 lactose concentration 674:694 lactose concentration 674:694 In comparison to uninfected glands, subclinical mastitis was associated with a decrease in milk yield, lactose concentration, and curd yield and an increase in nitrite and nitrate concentrations and with measurements reflecting increased formation of NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide. 24704229 6 41 theme antioxidant 1302:1312 arg1 capacity 1314:1321 total antioxidant capacity 1296:1321 total antioxidant capacity 1296:1321 However, the relatively modest nitrosative stress in subclinically infected glands was associated with significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity and vitamin C levels in milk. 24704229 1 42 theme nitric 244:249 arg1 NO 258:259 NO 258:259 NO 258:259 The aim of this study was to verify the existence of a nitric oxide (NO) cycle in goat milk and to study how changes in it affect milk composition during subclinical mastitis. 24704229 1 42 theme nitric 244:249 arg1 oxide 251:255 nitric oxide 244:255 a nitric oxide (NO) cycle 242:266 The aim of this study was to verify the existence of a nitric oxide (NO) cycle in goat milk and to study how changes in it affect milk composition during subclinical mastitis. 24704229 7 43 theme milk 1484:1487 arg1 yield 1477:1481 milk yield 1472:1481 milk yield 1472:1481 We concluded that subclinical mastitis in goats caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci imposes negative changes in milk yield, milk quality for cheese production, and negatively affects the nutritional value of milk as food. 24704229 7 43 theme milk 1484:1487 arg1 quality 1489:1495 milk quality 1484:1495 milk quality for cheese production 1484:1517 We concluded that subclinical mastitis in goats caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci imposes negative changes in milk yield, milk quality for cheese production, and negatively affects the nutritional value of milk as food. 24704229 7 44 theme milk 1472:1475 arg1 yield 1477:1481 milk yield 1472:1481 milk yield 1472:1481 We concluded that subclinical mastitis in goats caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci imposes negative changes in milk yield, milk quality for cheese production, and negatively affects the nutritional value of milk as food. 24704229 7 44 theme milk 1472:1475 arg1 quality 1489:1495 milk quality 1484:1495 milk quality for cheese production 1484:1517 We concluded that subclinical mastitis in goats caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci imposes negative changes in milk yield, milk quality for cheese production, and negatively affects the nutritional value of milk as food. 24704229 8 45 theme serious 1644:1650 arg1 burden 1661:1666 a serious economic burden 1642:1666 a serious economic burden 1642:1666 Thus, subclinical mastitis in goats should be considered as a serious economic burden both by farmers and by the dairy industry. 24704229 8 45 theme serious 1644:1650 arg1 mastitis 1600:1607 subclinical mastitis 1588:1607 subclinical mastitis in goats 1588:1616 Thus, subclinical mastitis in goats should be considered as a serious economic burden both by farmers and by the dairy industry. 24704229 3 46 theme curd 701:704 arg1 yield 706:710 curd yield 701:710 curd yield 701:710 In comparison to uninfected glands, subclinical mastitis was associated with a decrease in milk yield, lactose concentration, and curd yield and an increase in nitrite and nitrate concentrations and with measurements reflecting increased formation of NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide. 24704229 6 47 theme significant 1271:1281 arg1 reduction 1283:1291 significant reduction 1271:1291 significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity and vitamin C levels in milk 1271:1350 However, the relatively modest nitrosative stress in subclinically infected glands was associated with significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity and vitamin C levels in milk. 24704229 5 48 link NO-derived 949:958 arg1 stress 960:965 the NO-derived stress 945:965 the NO-derived stress during subclinical infection 945:994 The increase in the NO-derived stress during subclinical infection was not associated with significant increase in oxidatively modified substances, 3-nitrotyrosine, and carbonyls on proteins, but with increased levels of peroxides on fat. 24704229 0 49 theme milk 128:131 arg1 properties 147:156 milk antioxidative properties 128:156 milk antioxidative properties 128:156 Subclinical mastitis in goats is associated with upregulation of nitric oxide-derived oxidative stress that causes reduction of milk antioxidative properties and impairment of its quality. 24704229 5 50 from increase 1032:1039 arg1 proteins 1111:1118 proteins 1111:1118 proteins 1111:1118 The increase in the NO-derived stress during subclinical infection was not associated with significant increase in oxidatively modified substances, 3-nitrotyrosine, and carbonyls on proteins, but with increased levels of peroxides on fat. 24704229 5 50 from increase 1032:1039 arg1 3-nitrotyrosine 1077:1091 3-nitrotyrosine 1077:1091 3-nitrotyrosine 1077:1091 The increase in the NO-derived stress during subclinical infection was not associated with significant increase in oxidatively modified substances, 3-nitrotyrosine, and carbonyls on proteins, but with increased levels of peroxides on fat. 24704229 5 50 from increase 1032:1039 arg1 carbonyls 1098:1106 carbonyls 1098:1106 carbonyls on proteins 1098:1118 The increase in the NO-derived stress during subclinical infection was not associated with significant increase in oxidatively modified substances, 3-nitrotyrosine, and carbonyls on proteins, but with increased levels of peroxides on fat. 24704229 5 50 from increase 1032:1039 arg1 substances 1065:1074 oxidatively modified substances 1044:1074 oxidatively modified substances 1044:1074 The increase in the NO-derived stress during subclinical infection was not associated with significant increase in oxidatively modified substances, 3-nitrotyrosine, and carbonyls on proteins, but with increased levels of peroxides on fat. 24704229 2 51 theme various 508:514 arg1 species 516:522 various species 508:522 various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci 508:558 Fifteen lactating dairy goats in which one udder-half was free from bacterial infection and the contra-lateral one was naturally infected with various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci were used. 24704229 2 52 from infection 443:451 arg1 free 423:426 free 423:426 free 423:426 Fifteen lactating dairy goats in which one udder-half was free from bacterial infection and the contra-lateral one was naturally infected with various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci were used. 24704229 7 53 theme coagulase-negative 1411:1428 arg1 staphylococci 1430:1442 coagulase-negative staphylococci 1411:1442 coagulase-negative staphylococci 1411:1442 We concluded that subclinical mastitis in goats caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci imposes negative changes in milk yield, milk quality for cheese production, and negatively affects the nutritional value of milk as food. 24704229 0 54 theme properties 147:156 arg1 impairment 162:171 impairment 162:171 impairment of its quality 162:186 Subclinical mastitis in goats is associated with upregulation of nitric oxide-derived oxidative stress that causes reduction of milk antioxidative properties and impairment of its quality. 24704229 0 54 theme properties 147:156 arg1 reduction 115:123 reduction 115:123 reduction of milk antioxidative properties 115:156 Subclinical mastitis in goats is associated with upregulation of nitric oxide-derived oxidative stress that causes reduction of milk antioxidative properties and impairment of its quality. 24704229 1 55 theme study 205:209 arg1 aim 193:195 The aim 189:195 The aim of this study 189:209 The aim of this study was to verify the existence of a nitric oxide (NO) cycle in goat milk and to study how changes in it affect milk composition during subclinical mastitis. 24704229 6 56 theme infected 1235:1242 arg1 glands 1244:1249 subclinically infected glands 1221:1249 subclinically infected glands 1221:1249 However, the relatively modest nitrosative stress in subclinically infected glands was associated with significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity and vitamin C levels in milk. 24704229 3 57 theme nitrate 743:749 arg1 concentrations 751:764 nitrate concentrations 743:764 nitrate concentrations 743:764 In comparison to uninfected glands, subclinical mastitis was associated with a decrease in milk yield, lactose concentration, and curd yield and an increase in nitrite and nitrate concentrations and with measurements reflecting increased formation of NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide. 24704229 6 58 theme C 1335:1335 arg1 levels 1337:1342 vitamin C levels 1327:1342 vitamin C levels 1327:1342 However, the relatively modest nitrosative stress in subclinically infected glands was associated with significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity and vitamin C levels in milk. 24704229 2 59 theme staphylococci 546:558 arg1 species 516:522 various species 508:522 various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci 508:558 Fifteen lactating dairy goats in which one udder-half was free from bacterial infection and the contra-lateral one was naturally infected with various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci were used. 24704229 3 60 link NO-derived 822:831 arg1 dioxide 855:861 NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide 822:861 NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide 822:861 In comparison to uninfected glands, subclinical mastitis was associated with a decrease in milk yield, lactose concentration, and curd yield and an increase in nitrite and nitrate concentrations and with measurements reflecting increased formation of NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide. 24704229 3 61 theme dioxide 855:861 arg1 formation 809:817 increased formation 799:817 increased formation of NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide 799:861 In comparison to uninfected glands, subclinical mastitis was associated with a decrease in milk yield, lactose concentration, and curd yield and an increase in nitrite and nitrate concentrations and with measurements reflecting increased formation of NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide. 24704229 7 62 theme subclinical 1371:1381 arg1 mastitis 1383:1390 subclinical mastitis 1371:1390 subclinical mastitis in goats caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci 1371:1442 We concluded that subclinical mastitis in goats caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci imposes negative changes in milk yield, milk quality for cheese production, and negatively affects the nutritional value of milk as food. 24704229 0 63 theme nitric 65:70 arg1 stress 96:101 nitric oxide-derived oxidative stress 65:101 nitric oxide-derived oxidative stress that causes reduction of milk antioxidative properties and impairment of its quality 65:186 Subclinical mastitis in goats is associated with upregulation of nitric oxide-derived oxidative stress that causes reduction of milk antioxidative properties and impairment of its quality. 24704229 4 64 theme NO 882:883 arg1 cycling 885:891 NO cycling 882:891 NO cycling 882:891 The occurrence of NO cycling in goat milk was largely confirmed. 24704229 3 65 theme free-radical 833:844 arg1 dioxide 855:861 NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide 822:861 NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide 822:861 In comparison to uninfected glands, subclinical mastitis was associated with a decrease in milk yield, lactose concentration, and curd yield and an increase in nitrite and nitrate concentrations and with measurements reflecting increased formation of NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide. 24704229 0 66 theme oxidative 86:94 arg1 stress 96:101 nitric oxide-derived oxidative stress 65:101 nitric oxide-derived oxidative stress that causes reduction of milk antioxidative properties and impairment of its quality 65:186 Subclinical mastitis in goats is associated with upregulation of nitric oxide-derived oxidative stress that causes reduction of milk antioxidative properties and impairment of its quality. 24704229 4 67 from occurrence 868:877 arg1 milk 901:904 goat milk 896:904 goat milk 896:904 The occurrence of NO cycling in goat milk was largely confirmed. 24704229 7 68 from changes 1461:1467 arg1 yield 1477:1481 milk yield 1472:1481 milk yield 1472:1481 We concluded that subclinical mastitis in goats caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci imposes negative changes in milk yield, milk quality for cheese production, and negatively affects the nutritional value of milk as food. 24704229 7 68 from changes 1461:1467 arg1 quality 1489:1495 milk quality 1484:1495 milk quality for cheese production 1484:1517 We concluded that subclinical mastitis in goats caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci imposes negative changes in milk yield, milk quality for cheese production, and negatively affects the nutritional value of milk as food. 24704229 2 69 theme bacterial 433:441 arg1 infection 443:451 bacterial infection 433:451 bacterial infection 433:451 Fifteen lactating dairy goats in which one udder-half was free from bacterial infection and the contra-lateral one was naturally infected with various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci were used. 24704229 0 70 from mastitis 12:19 arg1 goats 24:28 goats 24:28 goats 24:28 Subclinical mastitis in goats is associated with upregulation of nitric oxide-derived oxidative stress that causes reduction of milk antioxidative properties and impairment of its quality. 24704229 6 71 from stress 1211:1216 arg1 glands 1244:1249 subclinically infected glands 1221:1249 subclinically infected glands 1221:1249 However, the relatively modest nitrosative stress in subclinically infected glands was associated with significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity and vitamin C levels in milk. 24704229 3 72 theme increased 799:807 arg1 formation 809:817 increased formation 799:817 increased formation of NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide 799:861 In comparison to uninfected glands, subclinical mastitis was associated with a decrease in milk yield, lactose concentration, and curd yield and an increase in nitrite and nitrate concentrations and with measurements reflecting increased formation of NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide. 24704229 5 73 from proteins 1111:1118 arg1 increase 1032:1039 significant increase 1020:1039 significant increase in oxidatively modified substances, 3-nitrotyrosine, and carbonyls on proteins 1020:1118 The increase in the NO-derived stress during subclinical infection was not associated with significant increase in oxidatively modified substances, 3-nitrotyrosine, and carbonyls on proteins, but with increased levels of peroxides on fat. 24704229 1 74 theme milk 319:322 arg1 composition 324:334 milk composition 319:334 milk composition 319:334 The aim of this study was to verify the existence of a nitric oxide (NO) cycle in goat milk and to study how changes in it affect milk composition during subclinical mastitis. 24704229 3 75 from increase 719:726 arg1 nitrite 731:737 nitrite 731:737 nitrite 731:737 In comparison to uninfected glands, subclinical mastitis was associated with a decrease in milk yield, lactose concentration, and curd yield and an increase in nitrite and nitrate concentrations and with measurements reflecting increased formation of NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide. 24704229 3 75 from increase 719:726 arg1 concentrations 751:764 nitrate concentrations 743:764 nitrate concentrations 743:764 In comparison to uninfected glands, subclinical mastitis was associated with a decrease in milk yield, lactose concentration, and curd yield and an increase in nitrite and nitrate concentrations and with measurements reflecting increased formation of NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide. 24704229 5 76 from carbonyls 1098:1106 arg1 proteins 1111:1118 proteins 1111:1118 proteins 1111:1118 The increase in the NO-derived stress during subclinical infection was not associated with significant increase in oxidatively modified substances, 3-nitrotyrosine, and carbonyls on proteins, but with increased levels of peroxides on fat. 24704229 2 77 theme lactating 373:381 arg1 goats 389:393 Fifteen lactating dairy goats 365:393 Fifteen lactating dairy goats in which one udder-half was free from bacterial infection and the contra-lateral one was naturally infected with various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci 365:558 Fifteen lactating dairy goats in which one udder-half was free from bacterial infection and the contra-lateral one was naturally infected with various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci were used. 24704229 1 78 theme cycle 262:266 arg1 existence 229:237 the existence 225:237 the existence of a nitric oxide (NO) cycle in goat milk 225:279 The aim of this study was to verify the existence of a nitric oxide (NO) cycle in goat milk and to study how changes in it affect milk composition during subclinical mastitis. 24704229 7 79 theme milk 1568:1571 arg1 value 1559:1563 the nutritional value 1543:1563 the nutritional value of milk as food 1543:1579 We concluded that subclinical mastitis in goats caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci imposes negative changes in milk yield, milk quality for cheese production, and negatively affects the nutritional value of milk as food. 24704229 8 80 theme subclinical 1588:1598 arg1 burden 1661:1666 a serious economic burden 1642:1666 a serious economic burden 1642:1666 Thus, subclinical mastitis in goats should be considered as a serious economic burden both by farmers and by the dairy industry. 24704229 8 80 theme subclinical 1588:1598 arg1 mastitis 1600:1607 subclinical mastitis 1588:1607 subclinical mastitis in goats 1588:1616 Thus, subclinical mastitis in goats should be considered as a serious economic burden both by farmers and by the dairy industry. 24704229 3 81 theme subclinical 607:617 arg1 mastitis 619:626 subclinical mastitis 607:626 subclinical mastitis 607:626 In comparison to uninfected glands, subclinical mastitis was associated with a decrease in milk yield, lactose concentration, and curd yield and an increase in nitrite and nitrate concentrations and with measurements reflecting increased formation of NO-derived free-radical nitrogen dioxide. 24704229 1 82 theme goat 271:274 arg1 milk 276:279 goat milk 271:279 goat milk 271:279 The aim of this study was to verify the existence of a nitric oxide (NO) cycle in goat milk and to study how changes in it affect milk composition during subclinical mastitis. 24704229 5 83 theme significant 1020:1030 arg1 increase 1032:1039 significant increase 1020:1039 significant increase in oxidatively modified substances, 3-nitrotyrosine, and carbonyls on proteins 1020:1118 The increase in the NO-derived stress during subclinical infection was not associated with significant increase in oxidatively modified substances, 3-nitrotyrosine, and carbonyls on proteins, but with increased levels of peroxides on fat. 24704229 0 84 link oxide-derived 72:84 arg1 stress 96:101 nitric oxide-derived oxidative stress 65:101 nitric oxide-derived oxidative stress that causes reduction of milk antioxidative properties and impairment of its quality 65:186 Subclinical mastitis in goats is associated with upregulation of nitric oxide-derived oxidative stress that causes reduction of milk antioxidative properties and impairment of its quality. 24704229 5 85 from increase 933:940 arg1 stress 960:965 the NO-derived stress 945:965 the NO-derived stress during subclinical infection 945:994 The increase in the NO-derived stress during subclinical infection was not associated with significant increase in oxidatively modified substances, 3-nitrotyrosine, and carbonyls on proteins, but with increased levels of peroxides on fat. 24704229 6 86 theme total 1296:1300 arg1 capacity 1314:1321 total antioxidant capacity 1296:1321 total antioxidant capacity 1296:1321 However, the relatively modest nitrosative stress in subclinically infected glands was associated with significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity and vitamin C levels in milk. 24704229 5 87 theme subclinical 974:984 arg1 infection 986:994 subclinical infection 974:994 subclinical infection 974:994 The increase in the NO-derived stress during subclinical infection was not associated with significant increase in oxidatively modified substances, 3-nitrotyrosine, and carbonyls on proteins, but with increased levels of peroxides on fat. 24704229 6 88 from reduction 1283:1291 arg1 capacity 1314:1321 total antioxidant capacity 1296:1321 total antioxidant capacity 1296:1321 However, the relatively modest nitrosative stress in subclinically infected glands was associated with significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity and vitamin C levels in milk. 24704229 6 88 from reduction 1283:1291 arg1 milk 1347:1350 milk 1347:1350 milk 1347:1350 However, the relatively modest nitrosative stress in subclinically infected glands was associated with significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity and vitamin C levels in milk. 24704229 6 88 from reduction 1283:1291 arg1 levels 1337:1342 vitamin C levels 1327:1342 vitamin C levels 1327:1342 However, the relatively modest nitrosative stress in subclinically infected glands was associated with significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity and vitamin C levels in milk. 26624522 8 0 theme labile 1559:1564 arg1 component 1583:1591 the most labile and bioavailable component 1550:1591 the most labile and bioavailable component in debris of macrophytes 1550:1616 Based on the results of this study and information in the literature about water column and sediment, we propose that WEOM, dominated by polysaccharides, are the most labile and bioavailable component in debris of macrophytes. 26624522 8 0 theme labile 1559:1564 arg1 WEOM 1510:1513 WEOM 1510:1513 WEOM 1510:1513 Based on the results of this study and information in the literature about water column and sediment, we propose that WEOM, dominated by polysaccharides, are the most labile and bioavailable component in debris of macrophytes. 26624522 6 1 theme total 941:945 arg1 species 949:955 total P species 941:955 total P species 941:955 The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. 26624522 3 2 theme C 599:599 arg1 NMR 601:603 solid-state (13)C NMR 583:603 solid-state (13)C NMR 583:603 Therefore, compositions and degradation of WEOM derived from six aquatic macrophytes species of Tai Lake, China, were investigated by use of solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 0 3 theme P 145:145 arg1 spectroscopy 151:162 solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy 132:162 solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy 132:162 Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 6 4 theme mono-P 931:936 arg1 proportion 917:926 The proportion 913:926 The proportion of mono-P in total P species 913:955 The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. 26624522 8 5 theme water 1467:1471 arg1 column 1473:1478 water column 1467:1478 water column 1467:1478 Based on the results of this study and information in the literature about water column and sediment, we propose that WEOM, dominated by polysaccharides, are the most labile and bioavailable component in debris of macrophytes. 26624522 7 6 dep decreased 1169:1177 arg1 Whereas 1136:1142 Whereas 1136:1142 Whereas 1136:1142 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 6 7 theme O-alkyl 990:996 arg1 percentage 976:985 the percentage 972:985 the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O 972:1006 The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. 26624522 3 8 theme NMR 624:626 arg1 spectroscopy 628:639 solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy 609:639 solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy 609:639 Therefore, compositions and degradation of WEOM derived from six aquatic macrophytes species of Tai Lake, China, were investigated by use of solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 1 9 theme extractable 171:181 arg1 WEOM 199:202 WEOM 199:202 WEOM 199:202 Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) derived from macrophytes plays an important role in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in lakes. 26624522 1 9 theme extractable 171:181 arg1 matter 191:196 Water extractable organic matter 165:196 Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) derived from macrophytes 165:228 Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) derived from macrophytes plays an important role in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in lakes. 26624522 7 10 theme aliphatic 1348:1356 arg1 biopolymers 1358:1368 aliphatic biopolymers 1348:1368 aliphatic biopolymers 1348:1368 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 9 11 theme potential 1661:1669 arg1 source 1671:1676 a potential source 1659:1676 a potential source for bioavailable organic P (e.g., RNA, DNA and phytate) for lakes 1659:1742 Additionally, these WEOMs would also be a potential source for bioavailable organic P (e.g., RNA, DNA and phytate) for lakes. 26624522 9 11 theme potential 1661:1669 arg1 WEOMs 1639:1643 these WEOMs 1633:1643 these WEOMs 1633:1643 Additionally, these WEOMs would also be a potential source for bioavailable organic P (e.g., RNA, DNA and phytate) for lakes. 26624522 5 12 theme monoester 854:862 arg1 mono-P 867:872 mono-P 867:872 mono-P 867:872 Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). 26624522 5 12 theme monoester 854:862 arg1 P 864:864 monoester P 854:864 monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) 854:881 Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). 26624522 5 12 theme monoester 854:862 arg1 % 880:880 20.6% 876:880 20.6% 876:880 Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). 26624522 5 13 theme dominant 771:778 arg1 form 780:783 the dominant form 767:783 the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) 767:817 Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). 26624522 5 13 theme dominant 771:778 arg1 Orthophosphate 738:751 Orthophosphate 738:751 Orthophosphate (ortho-P) 738:761 Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). 26624522 0 14 theme solution 132:139 arg1 spectroscopy 151:162 solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy 132:162 solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy 132:162 Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 7 15 theme COO/N-C=O 1329:1337 arg1 NCH/OCH3 1316:1323 NCH/OCH3 1316:1323 NCH/OCH3 1316:1323 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 7 15 theme COO/N-C=O 1329:1337 arg1 alkyl-C 1307:1313 alkyl-C 1307:1313 alkyl-C 1307:1313 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 7 15 theme COO/N-C=O 1329:1337 arg1 groups 1297:1302 C functional groups 1284:1302 C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O 1284:1337 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 7 15 theme COO/N-C=O 1329:1337 arg1 COO/N-C=O 1329:1337 COO/N-C=O 1329:1337 COO/N-C=O 1329:1337 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 2 16 theme degradation 400:410 arg1 scarce 434:439 scarce 434:439 scarce 434:439 However, reports of their composition and degradation in natural waters are scarce. 26624522 2 16 theme degradation 400:410 arg1 reports 367:373 reports 367:373 reports of their composition and degradation in natural waters 367:428 However, reports of their composition and degradation in natural waters are scarce. 26624522 2 17 from waters 423:428 arg1 scarce 434:439 scarce 434:439 scarce 434:439 However, reports of their composition and degradation in natural waters are scarce. 26624522 2 17 from waters 423:428 arg1 reports 367:373 reports 367:373 reports of their composition and degradation in natural waters 367:428 However, reports of their composition and degradation in natural waters are scarce. 26624522 9 18 theme organic 1695:1701 arg1 P 1703:1703 bioavailable organic P 1682:1703 bioavailable organic P (e.g., RNA, DNA and phytate) 1682:1732 Additionally, these WEOMs would also be a potential source for bioavailable organic P (e.g., RNA, DNA and phytate) for lakes. 26624522 0 19 theme aquatic 62:68 arg1 macrophytes 70:80 aquatic macrophytes 62:80 aquatic macrophytes in lakes 62:89 Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 7 20 dep biopolymers 1358:1368 arg1 peptides 1382:1389 peptides 1382:1389 peptides 1382:1389 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 7 20 dep biopolymers 1358:1368 arg1 lignin 1371:1376 lignin 1371:1376 lignin 1371:1376 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 3 21 theme macrophytes 515:525 arg1 species 527:533 six aquatic macrophytes species 503:533 six aquatic macrophytes species of Tai Lake, China 503:552 Therefore, compositions and degradation of WEOM derived from six aquatic macrophytes species of Tai Lake, China, were investigated by use of solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 7 22 theme NCH/OCH3 1316:1323 arg1 NCH/OCH3 1316:1323 NCH/OCH3 1316:1323 NCH/OCH3 1316:1323 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 7 22 theme NCH/OCH3 1316:1323 arg1 alkyl-C 1307:1313 alkyl-C 1307:1313 alkyl-C 1307:1313 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 7 22 theme NCH/OCH3 1316:1323 arg1 groups 1297:1302 C functional groups 1284:1302 C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O 1284:1337 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 7 22 theme NCH/OCH3 1316:1323 arg1 COO/N-C=O 1329:1337 COO/N-C=O 1329:1337 COO/N-C=O 1329:1337 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 2 23 theme composition 384:394 arg1 scarce 434:439 scarce 434:439 scarce 434:439 However, reports of their composition and degradation in natural waters are scarce. 26624522 2 23 theme composition 384:394 arg1 reports 367:373 reports 367:373 reports of their composition and degradation in natural waters 367:428 However, reports of their composition and degradation in natural waters are scarce. 26624522 5 24 dep P 788:788 arg1 % 795:795 78.7% 791:795 78.7% of total dissolved P 791:816 Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). 26624522 5 24 dep P 788:788 arg1 P 816:816 total dissolved P 800:816 total dissolved P 800:816 Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). 26624522 8 25 theme bioavailable 1570:1581 arg1 component 1583:1591 the most labile and bioavailable component 1550:1591 the most labile and bioavailable component in debris of macrophytes 1550:1616 Based on the results of this study and information in the literature about water column and sediment, we propose that WEOM, dominated by polysaccharides, are the most labile and bioavailable component in debris of macrophytes. 26624522 8 25 theme bioavailable 1570:1581 arg1 WEOM 1510:1513 WEOM 1510:1513 WEOM 1510:1513 Based on the results of this study and information in the literature about water column and sediment, we propose that WEOM, dominated by polysaccharides, are the most labile and bioavailable component in debris of macrophytes. 26624522 3 26 attach derived 490:496 arg1 species 527:533 six aquatic macrophytes species 503:533 six aquatic macrophytes species of Tai Lake, China 503:552 Therefore, compositions and degradation of WEOM derived from six aquatic macrophytes species of Tai Lake, China, were investigated by use of solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 3 26 attach derived 490:496 arg2 compositions 453:464 compositions 453:464 compositions 453:464 Therefore, compositions and degradation of WEOM derived from six aquatic macrophytes species of Tai Lake, China, were investigated by use of solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 7 27 theme alkyl-C 1307:1313 arg1 NCH/OCH3 1316:1323 NCH/OCH3 1316:1323 NCH/OCH3 1316:1323 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 7 27 theme alkyl-C 1307:1313 arg1 alkyl-C 1307:1313 alkyl-C 1307:1313 alkyl-C 1307:1313 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 7 27 theme alkyl-C 1307:1313 arg1 groups 1297:1302 C functional groups 1284:1302 C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O 1284:1337 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 7 27 theme alkyl-C 1307:1313 arg1 COO/N-C=O 1329:1337 COO/N-C=O 1329:1337 COO/N-C=O 1329:1337 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 8 28 theme macrophytes 1606:1616 arg1 debris 1596:1601 debris 1596:1601 debris of macrophytes 1596:1616 Based on the results of this study and information in the literature about water column and sediment, we propose that WEOM, dominated by polysaccharides, are the most labile and bioavailable component in debris of macrophytes. 26624522 5 29 theme total 800:804 arg1 P 816:816 total dissolved P 800:816 total dissolved P 800:816 Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). 26624522 2 30 theme natural 415:421 arg1 waters 423:428 natural waters 415:428 natural waters 415:428 However, reports of their composition and degradation in natural waters are scarce. 26624522 6 31 theme biological 1086:1095 arg1 membranes 1097:1105 biological membranes 1086:1105 biological membranes 1086:1105 The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. 26624522 5 32 theme little 887:892 arg1 P 902:902 little diester P 887:902 little diester P (0.65%) 887:910 Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). 26624522 5 32 theme little 887:892 arg1 % 909:909 0.65% 905:909 0.65% 905:909 Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). 26624522 5 33 from form 780:783 arg1 extracts 832:839 the water extracts 822:839 the water extracts 822:839 Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). 26624522 5 34 theme P 816:816 arg1 % 795:795 78.7% 791:795 78.7% of total dissolved P 791:816 Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). 26624522 5 34 theme P 816:816 arg1 P 816:816 total dissolved P 800:816 total dissolved P 800:816 Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). 26624522 2 35 from reports 367:373 arg1 waters 423:428 natural waters 415:428 natural waters 415:428 However, reports of their composition and degradation in natural waters are scarce. 26624522 8 36 from results 1405:1411 arg1 literature 1450:1459 the literature 1446:1459 the literature 1446:1459 Based on the results of this study and information in the literature about water column and sediment, we propose that WEOM, dominated by polysaccharides, are the most labile and bioavailable component in debris of macrophytes. 26624522 1 37 theme important 239:247 arg1 role 249:252 an important role 236:252 an important role 236:252 Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) derived from macrophytes plays an important role in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in lakes. 26624522 7 38 theme mono-P 1162:1167 arg1 proportion 1148:1157 the proportion 1144:1157 the proportion of mono-P 1144:1167 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 3 39 theme China 548:552 arg1 species 527:533 six aquatic macrophytes species 503:533 six aquatic macrophytes species of Tai Lake, China 503:552 Therefore, compositions and degradation of WEOM derived from six aquatic macrophytes species of Tai Lake, China, were investigated by use of solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 0 40 theme carbon 35:40 arg1 degradation 20:30 degradation 20:30 degradation 20:30 Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 0 40 theme carbon 35:40 arg1 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 7 41 theme insoluble 1254:1262 arg1 compounds 1264:1272 the insoluble compounds 1250:1272 the insoluble compounds 1250:1272 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 7 41 theme insoluble 1254:1262 arg1 NCH/OCH3 1316:1323 NCH/OCH3 1316:1323 NCH/OCH3 1316:1323 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 7 41 theme insoluble 1254:1262 arg1 biopolymers 1358:1368 aliphatic biopolymers 1348:1368 aliphatic biopolymers 1348:1368 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 7 41 theme insoluble 1254:1262 arg1 COO/N-C=O 1329:1337 COO/N-C=O 1329:1337 COO/N-C=O 1329:1337 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 7 41 theme insoluble 1254:1262 arg1 groups 1297:1302 C functional groups 1284:1302 C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O 1284:1337 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 7 41 theme insoluble 1254:1262 arg1 alkyl-C 1307:1313 alkyl-C 1307:1313 alkyl-C 1307:1313 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 4 42 theme WEOM 693:696 arg1 fractions 698:706 WEOM fractions 693:706 WEOM fractions 693:706 Carbohydrates were the predominant constituents of WEOM fractions, followed by carboxylic acid. 26624522 0 43 theme phosphorus 46:55 arg1 degradation 20:30 degradation 20:30 degradation 20:30 Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 0 43 theme phosphorus 46:55 arg1 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 1 44 theme nutrients 283:291 arg1 cycling 272:278 biogeochemical cycling 257:278 biogeochemical cycling of nutrients 257:291 Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) derived from macrophytes plays an important role in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in lakes. 26624522 0 45 from spectroscopy 151:162 arg1 Insights 92:99 Insights 92:99 Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 0:163 Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 8 46 from information 1431:1441 arg1 literature 1450:1459 the literature 1446:1459 the literature 1446:1459 Based on the results of this study and information in the literature about water column and sediment, we propose that WEOM, dominated by polysaccharides, are the most labile and bioavailable component in debris of macrophytes. 26624522 1 47 theme organic 183:189 arg1 WEOM 199:202 WEOM 199:202 WEOM 199:202 Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) derived from macrophytes plays an important role in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in lakes. 26624522 1 47 theme organic 183:189 arg1 matter 191:196 Water extractable organic matter 165:196 Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) derived from macrophytes 165:228 Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) derived from macrophytes plays an important role in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in lakes. 26624522 5 48 theme water 826:830 arg1 extracts 832:839 the water extracts 822:839 the water extracts 822:839 Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). 26624522 7 49 theme increasing 1216:1225 arg1 COO/N-C=O 1206:1214 COO/N-C=O increasing 1206:1225 COO/N-C=O increasing 1206:1225 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 4 50 theme carboxylic 721:730 arg1 acid 732:735 carboxylic acid 721:735 carboxylic acid 721:735 Carbohydrates were the predominant constituents of WEOM fractions, followed by carboxylic acid. 26624522 0 51 theme NMR 147:149 arg1 spectroscopy 151:162 solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy 132:162 solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy 132:162 Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 0 52 from NMR 124:126 arg1 Insights 92:99 Insights 92:99 Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 0:163 Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 3 53 theme NMR 601:603 arg1 use 576:578 use 576:578 use of solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy 576:639 Therefore, compositions and degradation of WEOM derived from six aquatic macrophytes species of Tai Lake, China, were investigated by use of solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 8 54 theme study 1421:1425 arg1 information 1431:1441 information 1431:1441 information in the literature about water column and sediment 1431:1491 Based on the results of this study and information in the literature about water column and sediment, we propose that WEOM, dominated by polysaccharides, are the most labile and bioavailable component in debris of macrophytes. 26624522 8 54 theme study 1421:1425 arg1 results 1405:1411 the results 1401:1411 the results of this study 1401:1425 Based on the results of this study and information in the literature about water column and sediment, we propose that WEOM, dominated by polysaccharides, are the most labile and bioavailable component in debris of macrophytes. 26624522 4 55 theme fractions 698:706 arg1 constituents 677:688 the predominant constituents 661:688 the predominant constituents of WEOM fractions 661:706 Carbohydrates were the predominant constituents of WEOM fractions, followed by carboxylic acid. 26624522 4 55 theme fractions 698:706 arg1 Carbohydrates 642:654 Carbohydrates 642:654 Carbohydrates 642:654 Carbohydrates were the predominant constituents of WEOM fractions, followed by carboxylic acid. 26624522 6 56 theme O-C-O 1002:1006 arg1 percentage 976:985 the percentage 972:985 the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O 972:1006 The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. 26624522 2 57 from composition 384:394 arg1 waters 423:428 natural waters 415:428 natural waters 415:428 However, reports of their composition and degradation in natural waters are scarce. 26624522 3 58 theme solution 609:616 arg1 spectroscopy 628:639 solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy 609:639 solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy 609:639 Therefore, compositions and degradation of WEOM derived from six aquatic macrophytes species of Tai Lake, China, were investigated by use of solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 0 59 theme C 122:122 arg1 NMR 124:126 solid-state (13)C NMR 106:126 solid-state (13)C NMR 106:126 Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 1 60 theme Water 165:169 arg1 WEOM 199:202 WEOM 199:202 WEOM 199:202 Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) derived from macrophytes plays an important role in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in lakes. 26624522 1 60 theme Water 165:169 arg1 matter 191:196 Water extractable organic matter 165:196 Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) derived from macrophytes 165:228 Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) derived from macrophytes plays an important role in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in lakes. 26624522 0 61 from macrophytes 70:80 arg1 degradation 20:30 degradation 20:30 degradation 20:30 Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 0 61 from macrophytes 70:80 arg1 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 0 61 from macrophytes 70:80 arg1 lakes 85:89 lakes 85:89 lakes 85:89 Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 3 62 theme spectroscopy 628:639 arg1 use 576:578 use 576:578 use of solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy 576:639 Therefore, compositions and degradation of WEOM derived from six aquatic macrophytes species of Tai Lake, China, were investigated by use of solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 3 63 theme WEOM 485:488 arg1 degradation 470:480 degradation 470:480 degradation of WEOM 470:488 Therefore, compositions and degradation of WEOM derived from six aquatic macrophytes species of Tai Lake, China, were investigated by use of solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 3 63 theme WEOM 485:488 arg1 compositions 453:464 compositions 453:464 compositions 453:464 Therefore, compositions and degradation of WEOM derived from six aquatic macrophytes species of Tai Lake, China, were investigated by use of solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 3 64 theme P 622:622 arg1 spectroscopy 628:639 solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy 609:639 solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy 609:639 Therefore, compositions and degradation of WEOM derived from six aquatic macrophytes species of Tai Lake, China, were investigated by use of solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 1 65 attach derived 205:211 arg2 WEOM 199:202 WEOM 199:202 WEOM 199:202 Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) derived from macrophytes plays an important role in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in lakes. 26624522 1 65 attach derived 205:211 arg2 matter 191:196 Water extractable organic matter 165:196 Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) derived from macrophytes 165:228 Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) derived from macrophytes plays an important role in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in lakes. 26624522 1 65 attach derived 205:211 arg1 macrophytes 218:228 macrophytes 218:228 macrophytes 218:228 Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) derived from macrophytes plays an important role in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in lakes. 26624522 9 66 theme bioavailable 1682:1693 arg1 P 1703:1703 bioavailable organic P 1682:1703 bioavailable organic P (e.g., RNA, DNA and phytate) 1682:1732 Additionally, these WEOMs would also be a potential source for bioavailable organic P (e.g., RNA, DNA and phytate) for lakes. 26624522 3 67 theme aquatic 507:513 arg1 species 527:533 six aquatic macrophytes species 503:533 six aquatic macrophytes species of Tai Lake, China 503:552 Therefore, compositions and degradation of WEOM derived from six aquatic macrophytes species of Tai Lake, China, were investigated by use of solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 6 68 theme P 947:947 arg1 species 949:955 total P species 941:955 total P species 941:955 The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. 26624522 6 69 from species 949:955 arg1 proportion 917:926 The proportion 913:926 The proportion of mono-P in total P species 913:955 The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. 26624522 6 70 theme aquatic 1120:1126 arg1 plants 1128:1133 aquatic plants 1120:1133 aquatic plants 1120:1133 The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. 26624522 6 71 theme RNA 1111:1113 arg1 dissolution 1071:1081 dissolution 1071:1081 dissolution 1071:1081 The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. 26624522 6 71 theme RNA 1111:1113 arg1 degradation 1055:1065 degradation 1055:1065 degradation 1055:1065 The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. 26624522 6 72 from plants 1128:1133 arg1 RNA 1111:1113 RNA 1111:1113 RNA from aquatic plants 1111:1133 The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. 26624522 6 72 from plants 1128:1133 arg1 dissolution 1071:1081 dissolution 1071:1081 dissolution 1071:1081 The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. 26624522 6 72 from plants 1128:1133 arg1 membranes 1097:1105 biological membranes 1086:1105 biological membranes 1086:1105 The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. 26624522 6 72 from plants 1128:1133 arg1 degradation 1055:1065 degradation 1055:1065 degradation 1055:1065 The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. 26624522 7 73 theme functional 1286:1295 arg1 NCH/OCH3 1316:1323 NCH/OCH3 1316:1323 NCH/OCH3 1316:1323 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 7 73 theme functional 1286:1295 arg1 alkyl-C 1307:1313 alkyl-C 1307:1313 alkyl-C 1307:1313 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 7 73 theme functional 1286:1295 arg1 groups 1297:1302 C functional groups 1284:1302 C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O 1284:1337 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 7 73 theme functional 1286:1295 arg1 COO/N-C=O 1329:1337 COO/N-C=O 1329:1337 COO/N-C=O 1329:1337 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 6 74 from mono-P 931:936 arg1 species 949:955 total P species 941:955 total P species 941:955 The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. 26624522 6 75 theme membranes 1097:1105 arg1 dissolution 1071:1081 dissolution 1071:1081 dissolution 1071:1081 The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. 26624522 6 75 theme membranes 1097:1105 arg1 degradation 1055:1065 degradation 1055:1065 degradation 1055:1065 The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. 26624522 5 76 theme dissolved 806:814 arg1 P 816:816 total dissolved P 800:816 total dissolved P 800:816 Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). 26624522 0 77 theme solid-state 106:116 arg1 NMR 124:126 solid-state (13)C NMR 106:126 solid-state (13)C NMR 106:126 Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 5 78 theme diester 894:900 arg1 P 902:902 little diester P 887:902 little diester P (0.65%) 887:910 Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). 26624522 5 78 theme diester 894:900 arg1 % 909:909 0.65% 905:909 0.65% 905:909 Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). 26624522 5 79 theme P 788:788 arg1 form 780:783 the dominant form 767:783 the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) 767:817 Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). 26624522 5 79 theme P 788:788 arg1 Orthophosphate 738:751 Orthophosphate 738:751 Orthophosphate (ortho-P) 738:761 Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). 26624522 8 80 from component 1583:1591 arg1 debris 1596:1601 debris 1596:1601 debris of macrophytes 1596:1616 Based on the results of this study and information in the literature about water column and sediment, we propose that WEOM, dominated by polysaccharides, are the most labile and bioavailable component in debris of macrophytes. 26624522 6 81 from degradation 1055:1065 arg1 plants 1128:1133 aquatic plants 1120:1133 aquatic plants 1120:1133 The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. 26624522 6 82 from proportion 917:926 arg1 species 949:955 total P species 941:955 total P species 941:955 The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. 26624522 6 83 from dissolution 1071:1081 arg1 plants 1128:1133 aquatic plants 1120:1133 aquatic plants 1120:1133 The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. 26624522 7 84 theme C 1284:1284 arg1 NCH/OCH3 1316:1323 NCH/OCH3 1316:1323 NCH/OCH3 1316:1323 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 7 84 theme C 1284:1284 arg1 alkyl-C 1307:1313 alkyl-C 1307:1313 alkyl-C 1307:1313 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 7 84 theme C 1284:1284 arg1 groups 1297:1302 C functional groups 1284:1302 C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O 1284:1337 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 7 84 theme C 1284:1284 arg1 COO/N-C=O 1329:1337 COO/N-C=O 1329:1337 COO/N-C=O 1329:1337 Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. 26624522 4 85 theme predominant 665:675 arg1 constituents 677:688 the predominant constituents 661:688 the predominant constituents of WEOM fractions 661:706 Carbohydrates were the predominant constituents of WEOM fractions, followed by carboxylic acid. 26624522 4 85 theme predominant 665:675 arg1 Carbohydrates 642:654 Carbohydrates 642:654 Carbohydrates 642:654 Carbohydrates were the predominant constituents of WEOM fractions, followed by carboxylic acid. 26624522 1 86 theme biogeochemical 257:270 arg1 cycling 272:278 biogeochemical cycling 257:278 biogeochemical cycling of nutrients 257:291 Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) derived from macrophytes plays an important role in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in lakes. 26624522 2 87 from degradation 400:410 arg1 waters 423:428 natural waters 415:428 natural waters 415:428 However, reports of their composition and degradation in natural waters are scarce. 26624522 9 88 dep RNA 1712:1714 arg1 e.g. 1706:1709 e.g. 1706:1709 e.g. 1706:1709 Additionally, these WEOMs would also be a potential source for bioavailable organic P (e.g., RNA, DNA and phytate) for lakes. 26624522 0 89 dep Characteristics 0:14 arg1 Insights 92:99 Insights 92:99 Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 0:163 Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 26624522 3 90 theme solid-state 583:593 arg1 NMR 601:603 solid-state (13)C NMR 583:603 solid-state (13)C NMR 583:603 Therefore, compositions and degradation of WEOM derived from six aquatic macrophytes species of Tai Lake, China, were investigated by use of solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. 29310282 0 0 theme electromembrane 57:71 arg1 extraction 73:82 electromembrane extraction 57:82 electromembrane extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and highly polar acidic drugs 57:153 Use of Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) as support for electromembrane extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and highly polar acidic drugs. 29310282 1 1 theme liquid 226:231 arg1 membrane 233:240 1-octanol liquid membrane 216:240 1-octanol liquid membrane 216:240 The use of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) as support of 1-octanol liquid membrane in electromembrane extraction (EME) procedure is proposed. 29310282 5 2 theme extracted 814:822 arg1 analytes 824:831 the extracted analytes 810:831 the extracted analytes 810:831 Posterior HPLC separation of the extracted analytes was developed with diode array detection. 29310282 4 3 theme hippuric 765:772 arg1 drugs 708:712 four highly polar acidic drugs 683:712 four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid) 683:778 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 3 theme hippuric 765:772 arg1 acid 774:777 hippuric acid 765:777 hippuric acid 765:777 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 7 4 theme urine 956:960 arg1 samples 962:968 human urine samples 950:968 human urine samples 950:968 EME procedure was applied to human urine samples. 29310282 1 5 theme membrane 233:240 arg1 support 205:211 support 205:211 support of 1-octanol liquid membrane in electromembrane extraction (EME) procedure 205:286 The use of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) as support of 1-octanol liquid membrane in electromembrane extraction (EME) procedure is proposed. 29310282 4 6 theme EME 510:512 arg1 protocol 514:521 EME protocol 510:521 EME protocol 510:521 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 7 dep drugs 708:712 arg1 amoxicillin 749:759 amoxicillin 749:759 amoxicillin 749:759 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 7 dep drugs 708:712 arg1 acid 727:730 anthranilic acid 715:730 anthranilic acid 715:730 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 7 dep drugs 708:712 arg1 acid 743:746 nicotinic acid 733:746 nicotinic acid 733:746 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 7 dep drugs 708:712 arg1 drugs 708:712 four highly polar acidic drugs 683:712 four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid) 683:778 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 7 dep drugs 708:712 arg1 acid 774:777 hippuric acid 765:777 hippuric acid 765:777 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 3 8 theme 25µm 467:470 arg1 thickness 472:480 25µm thickness 467:480 25µm thickness 467:480 Flat PIMs of 25µm thickness and 6mm diameter were used. 29310282 1 9 theme electromembrane 245:259 arg1 EME 273:275 EME 273:275 EME 273:275 The use of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) as support of 1-octanol liquid membrane in electromembrane extraction (EME) procedure is proposed. 29310282 1 9 theme electromembrane 245:259 arg1 extraction 261:270 electromembrane extraction 245:270 electromembrane extraction (EME) procedure 245:286 The use of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) as support of 1-octanol liquid membrane in electromembrane extraction (EME) procedure is proposed. 29310282 2 10 theme cationic 436:443 arg1 carrier 445:451 cationic carrier 436:451 cationic carrier 436:451 Synthesis of PIMs were optimized to a composition of 29% (w/w) of cellulose triacetate as base polymer and 71% (w/w) of Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier. 29310282 3 11 theme Flat 454:457 arg1 PIMs 459:462 Flat PIMs 454:462 Flat PIMs of 25µm thickness and 6mm diameter 454:497 Flat PIMs of 25µm thickness and 6mm diameter were used. 29310282 4 12 theme drugs 611:615 arg1 extraction 560:569 the simultaneous extraction 543:569 the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid) 543:778 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 13 theme non-steroidal 579:591 arg1 acid 637:640 salicylic acid 627:640 salicylic acid 627:640 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 13 theme non-steroidal 579:591 arg1 ketoprofen 643:652 ketoprofen 643:652 ketoprofen 643:652 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 13 theme non-steroidal 579:591 arg1 NSAIDs 618:623 NSAIDs 618:623 NSAIDs 618:623 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 13 theme non-steroidal 579:591 arg1 naproxen 655:662 naproxen 655:662 naproxen 655:662 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 13 theme non-steroidal 579:591 arg1 ibuprofen 668:676 ibuprofen 668:676 ibuprofen 668:676 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 13 theme non-steroidal 579:591 arg1 drugs 611:615 four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 574:615 four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) 574:677 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 0 14 theme non-steroidal 87:99 arg1 drugs 119:123 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 87:123 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 87:123 Use of Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) as support for electromembrane extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and highly polar acidic drugs. 29310282 4 15 theme simultaneous 547:558 arg1 extraction 560:569 the simultaneous extraction 543:569 the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid) 543:778 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 0 16 theme anti-inflammatory 101:117 arg1 drugs 119:123 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 87:123 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 87:123 Use of Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) as support for electromembrane extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and highly polar acidic drugs. 29310282 3 17 theme 6mm 486:488 arg1 diameter 490:497 6mm diameter 486:497 6mm diameter 486:497 Flat PIMs of 25µm thickness and 6mm diameter were used. 29310282 1 18 theme polymer 167:173 arg1 PIMs 196:199 PIMs 196:199 PIMs 196:199 The use of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) as support of 1-octanol liquid membrane in electromembrane extraction (EME) procedure is proposed. 29310282 1 18 theme polymer 167:173 arg1 membranes 185:193 polymer inclusion membranes 167:193 polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) 167:200 The use of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) as support of 1-octanol liquid membrane in electromembrane extraction (EME) procedure is proposed. 29310282 2 19 theme base 391:394 arg1 polymer 396:402 base polymer 391:402 base polymer 391:402 Synthesis of PIMs were optimized to a composition of 29% (w/w) of cellulose triacetate as base polymer and 71% (w/w) of Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier. 29310282 1 20 theme extraction 261:270 arg1 procedure 278:286 electromembrane extraction (EME) procedure 245:286 electromembrane extraction (EME) procedure 245:286 The use of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) as support of 1-octanol liquid membrane in electromembrane extraction (EME) procedure is proposed. 29310282 3 21 theme diameter 490:497 arg1 PIMs 459:462 Flat PIMs 454:462 Flat PIMs of 25µm thickness and 6mm diameter 454:497 Flat PIMs of 25µm thickness and 6mm diameter were used. 29310282 1 22 theme inclusion 175:183 arg1 PIMs 196:199 PIMs 196:199 PIMs 196:199 The use of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) as support of 1-octanol liquid membrane in electromembrane extraction (EME) procedure is proposed. 29310282 1 22 theme inclusion 175:183 arg1 membranes 185:193 polymer inclusion membranes 167:193 polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) 167:200 The use of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) as support of 1-octanol liquid membrane in electromembrane extraction (EME) procedure is proposed. 29310282 0 23 theme Inclusion 15:23 arg1 PIMs 36:39 PIMs 36:39 PIMs 36:39 Use of Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) as support for electromembrane extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and highly polar acidic drugs. 29310282 0 23 theme Inclusion 15:23 arg1 Membranes 25:33 Polymer Inclusion Membranes 7:33 Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) 7:40 Use of Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) as support for electromembrane extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and highly polar acidic drugs. 29310282 3 24 theme thickness 472:480 arg1 PIMs 459:462 Flat PIMs 454:462 Flat PIMs of 25µm thickness and 6mm diameter 454:497 Flat PIMs of 25µm thickness and 6mm diameter were used. 29310282 2 25 theme cellulose 367:375 arg1 triacetate 377:386 cellulose triacetate 367:386 cellulose triacetate as base polymer 367:402 Synthesis of PIMs were optimized to a composition of 29% (w/w) of cellulose triacetate as base polymer and 71% (w/w) of Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier. 29310282 0 26 theme Polymer 7:13 arg1 PIMs 36:39 PIMs 36:39 PIMs 36:39 Use of Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) as support for electromembrane extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and highly polar acidic drugs. 29310282 0 26 theme Polymer 7:13 arg1 Membranes 25:33 Polymer Inclusion Membranes 7:33 Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) 7:40 Use of Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) as support for electromembrane extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and highly polar acidic drugs. 29310282 7 27 theme human 950:954 arg1 samples 962:968 human urine samples 950:968 human urine samples 950:968 EME procedure was applied to human urine samples. 29310282 0 28 theme drugs 119:123 arg1 extraction 73:82 electromembrane extraction 57:82 electromembrane extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and highly polar acidic drugs 57:153 Use of Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) as support for electromembrane extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and highly polar acidic drugs. 29310282 5 29 theme array 858:862 arg1 detection 864:872 diode array detection 852:872 diode array detection 852:872 Posterior HPLC separation of the extracted analytes was developed with diode array detection. 29310282 4 30 theme salicylic 627:635 arg1 acid 637:640 salicylic acid 627:640 salicylic acid 627:640 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 30 theme salicylic 627:635 arg1 drugs 611:615 four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 574:615 four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) 574:677 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 0 31 theme polar 136:140 arg1 drugs 149:153 highly polar acidic drugs 129:153 highly polar acidic drugs 129:153 Use of Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) as support for electromembrane extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and highly polar acidic drugs. 29310282 4 32 theme anti-inflammatory 593:609 arg1 acid 637:640 salicylic acid 627:640 salicylic acid 627:640 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 32 theme anti-inflammatory 593:609 arg1 ketoprofen 643:652 ketoprofen 643:652 ketoprofen 643:652 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 32 theme anti-inflammatory 593:609 arg1 NSAIDs 618:623 NSAIDs 618:623 NSAIDs 618:623 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 32 theme anti-inflammatory 593:609 arg1 naproxen 655:662 naproxen 655:662 naproxen 655:662 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 32 theme anti-inflammatory 593:609 arg1 ibuprofen 668:676 ibuprofen 668:676 ibuprofen 668:676 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 32 theme anti-inflammatory 593:609 arg1 drugs 611:615 four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 574:615 four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) 574:677 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 0 33 theme Membranes 25:33 arg1 Use 0:2 Use 0:2 Use of Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) as support for electromembrane extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and highly polar acidic drugs. 0:154 Use of Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) as support for electromembrane extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and highly polar acidic drugs. 29310282 2 34 theme % 410:410 arg1 composition 339:349 a composition 337:349 a composition of 29% (w/w) of cellulose triacetate as base polymer and 71% (w/w) of Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier 337:451 Synthesis of PIMs were optimized to a composition of 29% (w/w) of cellulose triacetate as base polymer and 71% (w/w) of Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier. 29310282 6 35 theme % 898:898 arg1 range 900:904 the 81-34% range 889:904 the 81-34% range 889:904 Recoveries in the 81-34% range were obtained. 29310282 4 36 theme anthranilic 715:725 arg1 drugs 708:712 four highly polar acidic drugs 683:712 four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid) 683:778 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 36 theme anthranilic 715:725 arg1 acid 727:730 anthranilic acid 715:730 anthranilic acid 715:730 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 0 37 theme drugs 149:153 arg1 extraction 73:82 electromembrane extraction 57:82 electromembrane extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and highly polar acidic drugs 57:153 Use of Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) as support for electromembrane extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and highly polar acidic drugs. 29310282 4 38 theme nicotinic 733:741 arg1 drugs 708:712 four highly polar acidic drugs 683:712 four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid) 683:778 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 38 theme nicotinic 733:741 arg1 acid 743:746 nicotinic acid 733:746 nicotinic acid 733:746 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 7 39 theme EME 921:923 arg1 procedure 925:933 EME procedure 921:933 EME procedure 921:933 EME procedure was applied to human urine samples. 29310282 3 40 used used 504:507 arg2 PIMs 459:462 Flat PIMs 454:462 Flat PIMs of 25µm thickness and 6mm diameter 454:497 Flat PIMs of 25µm thickness and 6mm diameter were used. 29310282 6 41 from Recoveries 875:884 arg1 range 900:904 the 81-34% range 889:904 the 81-34% range 889:904 Recoveries in the 81-34% range were obtained. 29310282 0 42 theme acidic 142:147 arg1 drugs 149:153 highly polar acidic drugs 129:153 highly polar acidic drugs 129:153 Use of Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) as support for electromembrane extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and highly polar acidic drugs. 29310282 2 43 theme PIMs 314:317 arg1 Synthesis 301:309 Synthesis 301:309 Synthesis of PIMs 301:317 Synthesis of PIMs were optimized to a composition of 29% (w/w) of cellulose triacetate as base polymer and 71% (w/w) of Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier. 29310282 4 44 theme drugs 708:712 arg1 extraction 560:569 the simultaneous extraction 543:569 the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid) 543:778 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 45 dep drugs 611:615 arg1 drugs 611:615 four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 574:615 four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) 574:677 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 45 dep drugs 611:615 arg1 acid 637:640 salicylic acid 627:640 salicylic acid 627:640 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 45 dep drugs 611:615 arg1 ibuprofen 668:676 ibuprofen 668:676 ibuprofen 668:676 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 45 dep drugs 611:615 arg1 naproxen 655:662 naproxen 655:662 naproxen 655:662 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 45 dep drugs 611:615 arg1 ketoprofen 643:652 ketoprofen 643:652 ketoprofen 643:652 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 46 theme acidic 701:706 arg1 drugs 708:712 four highly polar acidic drugs 683:712 four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid) 683:778 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 46 theme acidic 701:706 arg1 acid 727:730 anthranilic acid 715:730 anthranilic acid 715:730 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 46 theme acidic 701:706 arg1 acid 743:746 nicotinic acid 733:746 nicotinic acid 733:746 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 46 theme acidic 701:706 arg1 amoxicillin 749:759 amoxicillin 749:759 amoxicillin 749:759 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 46 theme acidic 701:706 arg1 acid 774:777 hippuric acid 765:777 hippuric acid 765:777 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 5 47 theme analytes 824:831 arg1 separation 796:805 Posterior HPLC separation 781:805 Posterior HPLC separation of the extracted analytes 781:831 Posterior HPLC separation of the extracted analytes was developed with diode array detection. 29310282 5 48 theme diode 852:856 arg1 detection 864:872 diode array detection 852:872 diode array detection 852:872 Posterior HPLC separation of the extracted analytes was developed with diode array detection. 29310282 1 49 from support 205:211 arg1 procedure 278:286 electromembrane extraction (EME) procedure 245:286 electromembrane extraction (EME) procedure 245:286 The use of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) as support of 1-octanol liquid membrane in electromembrane extraction (EME) procedure is proposed. 29310282 4 50 theme polar 695:699 arg1 drugs 708:712 four highly polar acidic drugs 683:712 four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid) 683:778 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 50 theme polar 695:699 arg1 acid 727:730 anthranilic acid 715:730 anthranilic acid 715:730 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 50 theme polar 695:699 arg1 acid 743:746 nicotinic acid 733:746 nicotinic acid 733:746 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 50 theme polar 695:699 arg1 amoxicillin 749:759 amoxicillin 749:759 amoxicillin 749:759 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 4 50 theme polar 695:699 arg1 acid 774:777 hippuric acid 765:777 hippuric acid 765:777 EME protocol was implemented for the simultaneous extraction of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (salicylic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen) and four highly polar acidic drugs (anthranilic acid, nicotinic acid, amoxicillin and hippuric acid). 29310282 2 51 theme Aliquat®336 421:431 arg1 % 356:356 29% 354:356 29% (w/w) of cellulose triacetate as base polymer 354:402 Synthesis of PIMs were optimized to a composition of 29% (w/w) of cellulose triacetate as base polymer and 71% (w/w) of Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier. 29310282 2 51 theme Aliquat®336 421:431 arg1 triacetate 377:386 cellulose triacetate 367:386 cellulose triacetate as base polymer 367:402 Synthesis of PIMs were optimized to a composition of 29% (w/w) of cellulose triacetate as base polymer and 71% (w/w) of Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier. 29310282 2 51 theme Aliquat®336 421:431 arg1 w/w 413:415 w/w 413:415 w/w 413:415 Synthesis of PIMs were optimized to a composition of 29% (w/w) of cellulose triacetate as base polymer and 71% (w/w) of Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier. 29310282 2 51 theme Aliquat®336 421:431 arg1 w/w 359:361 w/w 359:361 w/w 359:361 Synthesis of PIMs were optimized to a composition of 29% (w/w) of cellulose triacetate as base polymer and 71% (w/w) of Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier. 29310282 2 51 theme Aliquat®336 421:431 arg1 Aliquat®336 421:431 Aliquat®336 421:431 Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier 421:451 Synthesis of PIMs were optimized to a composition of 29% (w/w) of cellulose triacetate as base polymer and 71% (w/w) of Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier. 29310282 2 51 theme Aliquat®336 421:431 arg1 % 410:410 71% 408:410 71% (w/w) of Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier 408:451 Synthesis of PIMs were optimized to a composition of 29% (w/w) of cellulose triacetate as base polymer and 71% (w/w) of Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier. 29310282 1 52 theme membranes 185:193 arg1 use 160:162 The use 156:162 The use of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) as support of 1-octanol liquid membrane in electromembrane extraction (EME) procedure 156:286 The use of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) as support of 1-octanol liquid membrane in electromembrane extraction (EME) procedure is proposed. 29310282 5 53 theme Posterior 781:789 arg1 separation 796:805 Posterior HPLC separation 781:805 Posterior HPLC separation of the extracted analytes 781:831 Posterior HPLC separation of the extracted analytes was developed with diode array detection. 29310282 2 54 theme % 356:356 arg1 composition 339:349 a composition 337:349 a composition of 29% (w/w) of cellulose triacetate as base polymer and 71% (w/w) of Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier 337:451 Synthesis of PIMs were optimized to a composition of 29% (w/w) of cellulose triacetate as base polymer and 71% (w/w) of Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier. 29310282 6 55 theme 81-34 893:897 arg1 % 898:898 % 898:898 % 898:898 Recoveries in the 81-34% range were obtained. 29310282 2 56 theme triacetate 377:386 arg1 % 356:356 29% 354:356 29% (w/w) of cellulose triacetate as base polymer 354:402 Synthesis of PIMs were optimized to a composition of 29% (w/w) of cellulose triacetate as base polymer and 71% (w/w) of Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier. 29310282 2 56 theme triacetate 377:386 arg1 triacetate 377:386 cellulose triacetate 367:386 cellulose triacetate as base polymer 367:402 Synthesis of PIMs were optimized to a composition of 29% (w/w) of cellulose triacetate as base polymer and 71% (w/w) of Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier. 29310282 2 56 theme triacetate 377:386 arg1 w/w 413:415 w/w 413:415 w/w 413:415 Synthesis of PIMs were optimized to a composition of 29% (w/w) of cellulose triacetate as base polymer and 71% (w/w) of Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier. 29310282 2 56 theme triacetate 377:386 arg1 w/w 359:361 w/w 359:361 w/w 359:361 Synthesis of PIMs were optimized to a composition of 29% (w/w) of cellulose triacetate as base polymer and 71% (w/w) of Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier. 29310282 2 56 theme triacetate 377:386 arg1 Aliquat®336 421:431 Aliquat®336 421:431 Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier 421:451 Synthesis of PIMs were optimized to a composition of 29% (w/w) of cellulose triacetate as base polymer and 71% (w/w) of Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier. 29310282 2 56 theme triacetate 377:386 arg1 % 410:410 71% 408:410 71% (w/w) of Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier 408:451 Synthesis of PIMs were optimized to a composition of 29% (w/w) of cellulose triacetate as base polymer and 71% (w/w) of Aliquat®336 as cationic carrier. 29310282 5 57 theme HPLC 791:794 arg1 separation 796:805 Posterior HPLC separation 781:805 Posterior HPLC separation of the extracted analytes 781:831 Posterior HPLC separation of the extracted analytes was developed with diode array detection. 29310282 1 58 theme 1-octanol 216:224 arg1 membrane 233:240 1-octanol liquid membrane 216:240 1-octanol liquid membrane 216:240 The use of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) as support of 1-octanol liquid membrane in electromembrane extraction (EME) procedure is proposed. 27737863 9 0 from laminin 1190:1196 arg1 gels 1210:1213 collagen gels 1201:1213 collagen gels 1201:1213 By applying anti-integrin antibodies and supplementing laminin in collagen gels, we identify laminin as the main determinant of the elongated phenotype. 27737863 7 1 with phenotype 844:852 arg1 blebs 911:915 pronounced cell blebs 895:915 pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) 895:929 Our observations reveal an elongated migration phenotype in Matrigel and a rounded phenotype with pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) in collagen I, which have not previously been described in ECs. 27737863 7 1 with phenotype 844:852 arg1 µm 927:928 blebs >2 µm 918:928 blebs >2 µm 918:928 Our observations reveal an elongated migration phenotype in Matrigel and a rounded phenotype with pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) in collagen I, which have not previously been described in ECs. 27737863 6 2 theme fibrillar 775:783 arg1 hydrogels 744:752 2 structurally different hydrogels 719:752 2 structurally different hydrogels: spongy Matrigel and fibrillar collagen I 719:794 APPROACH AND RESULTS We characterize the migration of single ECs through 2 structurally different hydrogels: spongy Matrigel and fibrillar collagen I. 27737863 6 2 theme fibrillar 775:783 arg1 collagen 785:792 fibrillar collagen I 775:794 fibrillar collagen I 775:794 APPROACH AND RESULTS We characterize the migration of single ECs through 2 structurally different hydrogels: spongy Matrigel and fibrillar collagen I. 27737863 7 3 theme migration 834:842 arg1 phenotype 844:852 an elongated migration phenotype 821:852 an elongated migration phenotype in Matrigel 821:864 Our observations reveal an elongated migration phenotype in Matrigel and a rounded phenotype with pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) in collagen I, which have not previously been described in ECs. 27737863 11 4 dep absence 1488:1494 arg1 the 1484:1486 the 1484:1486 the 1484:1486 As an in situ proof of principle, we performed live imaging of EC migration during vascular growth in a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies. 27737863 10 5 theme migration 1352:1360 arg1 modes 1343:1347 modes 1343:1347 modes of migration 1343:1360 Laminin seems to induce a morphological switch between modes of migration. 27737863 8 6 theme appropriate 1094:1104 arg1 inhibitors 1122:1131 appropriate pharmacological inhibitors 1094:1131 appropriate pharmacological inhibitors 1094:1131 Directed migration seems to depend on Rac1 and Cdc42 in collagen, but not in Matrigel (shown using appropriate pharmacological inhibitors). 27737863 7 7 with phenotype 880:888 arg1 blebs 911:915 pronounced cell blebs 895:915 pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) 895:929 Our observations reveal an elongated migration phenotype in Matrigel and a rounded phenotype with pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) in collagen I, which have not previously been described in ECs. 27737863 7 7 with phenotype 880:888 arg1 µm 927:928 blebs >2 µm 918:928 blebs >2 µm 918:928 Our observations reveal an elongated migration phenotype in Matrigel and a rounded phenotype with pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) in collagen I, which have not previously been described in ECs. 27737863 12 8 theme pathways 1644:1651 arg1 inhibition 1612:1621 the pharmacological inhibition 1592:1621 the pharmacological inhibition of central signaling pathways involved in migration (contractility, small GTPases, and proteolysis) 1592:1721 CONCLUSIONS We show that, surprisingly, ECs can evade the pharmacological inhibition of central signaling pathways involved in migration (contractility, small GTPases, and proteolysis) by shifting gears between modes of migration. 27737863 6 9 dep hydrogels 744:752 arg1 hydrogels 744:752 2 structurally different hydrogels 719:752 2 structurally different hydrogels: spongy Matrigel and fibrillar collagen I 719:794 APPROACH AND RESULTS We characterize the migration of single ECs through 2 structurally different hydrogels: spongy Matrigel and fibrillar collagen I. 27737863 6 9 dep hydrogels 744:752 arg1 Matrigel 762:769 spongy Matrigel 755:769 spongy Matrigel 755:769 APPROACH AND RESULTS We characterize the migration of single ECs through 2 structurally different hydrogels: spongy Matrigel and fibrillar collagen I. 27737863 6 9 dep hydrogels 744:752 arg1 collagen 785:792 fibrillar collagen I 775:794 fibrillar collagen I 775:794 APPROACH AND RESULTS We characterize the migration of single ECs through 2 structurally different hydrogels: spongy Matrigel and fibrillar collagen I. 27737863 6 10 theme different 734:742 arg1 hydrogels 744:752 2 structurally different hydrogels 719:752 2 structurally different hydrogels: spongy Matrigel and fibrillar collagen I 719:794 APPROACH AND RESULTS We characterize the migration of single ECs through 2 structurally different hydrogels: spongy Matrigel and fibrillar collagen I. 27737863 6 10 theme different 734:742 arg1 Matrigel 762:769 spongy Matrigel 755:769 spongy Matrigel 755:769 APPROACH AND RESULTS We characterize the migration of single ECs through 2 structurally different hydrogels: spongy Matrigel and fibrillar collagen I. 27737863 6 10 theme different 734:742 arg1 collagen 785:792 fibrillar collagen I 775:794 fibrillar collagen I 775:794 APPROACH AND RESULTS We characterize the migration of single ECs through 2 structurally different hydrogels: spongy Matrigel and fibrillar collagen I. 27737863 2 11 theme new 298:300 arg1 vessels 308:314 new blood vessels 298:314 new blood vessels 298:314 This is of special importance for morphogenic processes, such as angiogenesis (the development of new blood vessels). 27737863 9 12 theme anti-integrin 1147:1159 arg1 antibodies 1161:1170 anti-integrin antibodies 1147:1170 anti-integrin antibodies 1147:1170 By applying anti-integrin antibodies and supplementing laminin in collagen gels, we identify laminin as the main determinant of the elongated phenotype. 27737863 5 13 from behavior 528:535 arg1 environments 543:554 3D environments 540:554 3D environments 540:554 Knowledge about endothelial cell (EC) behavior in 3D environments and the influence of matrix composition on EC migration, in particular, is still limited. 27737863 5 13 from behavior 528:535 arg1 migration 602:610 EC migration 599:610 EC migration 599:610 Knowledge about endothelial cell (EC) behavior in 3D environments and the influence of matrix composition on EC migration, in particular, is still limited. 27737863 1 14 theme Cell-matrix 108:118 arg1 interactions 120:131 OBJECTIVE Cell-matrix interactions 98:131 OBJECTIVE Cell-matrix interactions 98:131 OBJECTIVE Cell-matrix interactions are crucial for regulating cellular activities, such as migration. 27737863 7 15 theme pronounced 895:904 arg1 blebs 911:915 pronounced cell blebs 895:915 pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) 895:929 Our observations reveal an elongated migration phenotype in Matrigel and a rounded phenotype with pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) in collagen I, which have not previously been described in ECs. 27737863 7 15 theme pronounced 895:904 arg1 µm 927:928 blebs >2 µm 918:928 blebs >2 µm 918:928 Our observations reveal an elongated migration phenotype in Matrigel and a rounded phenotype with pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) in collagen I, which have not previously been described in ECs. 27737863 11 16 dep in 1369:1370 arg1 situ 1372:1375 situ 1372:1375 situ 1372:1375 As an in situ proof of principle, we performed live imaging of EC migration during vascular growth in a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies. 27737863 13 17 theme EC 1831:1832 arg1 behavior 1834:1841 EC behavior 1831:1841 EC behavior 1831:1841 This finding indicates an unexpected contextual plasticity of EC behavior. 27737863 9 18 theme collagen 1201:1208 arg1 gels 1210:1213 collagen gels 1201:1213 collagen gels 1201:1213 By applying anti-integrin antibodies and supplementing laminin in collagen gels, we identify laminin as the main determinant of the elongated phenotype. 27737863 12 19 theme signaling 1634:1642 arg1 pathways 1644:1651 central signaling pathways 1626:1651 central signaling pathways involved in migration (contractility, small GTPases, and proteolysis) 1626:1721 CONCLUSIONS We show that, surprisingly, ECs can evade the pharmacological inhibition of central signaling pathways involved in migration (contractility, small GTPases, and proteolysis) by shifting gears between modes of migration. 27737863 2 20 dep angiogenesis 265:276 arg1 development 283:293 the development 279:293 angiogenesis (the development of new blood vessels) 265:315 This is of special importance for morphogenic processes, such as angiogenesis (the development of new blood vessels). 27737863 11 21 theme live 1410:1413 arg1 proof 1377:1381 an in situ proof 1366:1381 an in situ proof of principle 1366:1394 As an in situ proof of principle, we performed live imaging of EC migration during vascular growth in a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies. 27737863 11 21 theme live 1410:1413 arg1 imaging 1415:1421 live imaging 1410:1421 live imaging of EC migration 1410:1437 As an in situ proof of principle, we performed live imaging of EC migration during vascular growth in a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies. 27737863 2 22 theme morphogenic 234:244 arg1 processes 246:254 morphogenic processes 234:254 morphogenic processes 234:254 This is of special importance for morphogenic processes, such as angiogenesis (the development of new blood vessels). 27737863 2 22 theme morphogenic 234:244 arg1 angiogenesis 265:276 angiogenesis 265:276 angiogenesis (the development of new blood vessels) 265:315 This is of special importance for morphogenic processes, such as angiogenesis (the development of new blood vessels). 27737863 5 23 theme endothelial 506:516 arg1 EC 524:525 EC 524:525 EC 524:525 Knowledge about endothelial cell (EC) behavior in 3D environments and the influence of matrix composition on EC migration, in particular, is still limited. 27737863 5 23 theme endothelial 506:516 arg1 cell 518:521 endothelial cell 506:521 endothelial cell (EC) behavior in 3D environments 506:554 Knowledge about endothelial cell (EC) behavior in 3D environments and the influence of matrix composition on EC migration, in particular, is still limited. 27737863 11 24 theme migration 1429:1437 arg1 proof 1377:1381 an in situ proof 1366:1381 an in situ proof of principle 1366:1394 As an in situ proof of principle, we performed live imaging of EC migration during vascular growth in a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies. 27737863 11 24 theme migration 1429:1437 arg1 imaging 1415:1421 live imaging 1410:1421 live imaging of EC migration 1410:1437 As an in situ proof of principle, we performed live imaging of EC migration during vascular growth in a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies. 27737863 0 25 theme Migration 59:67 arg1 Modes 50:54 Switching Modes 40:54 New View on Endothelial Cell Migration: Switching Modes of Migration Based on Matrix Composition. 0:96 New View on Endothelial Cell Migration: Switching Modes of Migration Based on Matrix Composition. 27737863 1 26 theme cellular 160:167 arg1 activities 169:178 cellular activities 160:178 cellular activities 160:178 OBJECTIVE Cell-matrix interactions are crucial for regulating cellular activities, such as migration. 27737863 1 26 theme cellular 160:167 arg1 migration 189:197 migration 189:197 migration 189:197 OBJECTIVE Cell-matrix interactions are crucial for regulating cellular activities, such as migration. 27737863 12 27 theme pharmacological 1596:1610 arg1 inhibition 1612:1621 the pharmacological inhibition 1592:1621 the pharmacological inhibition of central signaling pathways involved in migration (contractility, small GTPases, and proteolysis) 1592:1721 CONCLUSIONS We show that, surprisingly, ECs can evade the pharmacological inhibition of central signaling pathways involved in migration (contractility, small GTPases, and proteolysis) by shifting gears between modes of migration. 27737863 8 28 dep Matrigel 1072:1079 arg1 shown 1082:1086 shown 1082:1086 shown using appropriate pharmacological inhibitors 1082:1131 Directed migration seems to depend on Rac1 and Cdc42 in collagen, but not in Matrigel (shown using appropriate pharmacological inhibitors). 27737863 8 29 from Rac1 1033:1036 arg1 collagen 1051:1058 collagen 1051:1058 collagen 1051:1058 Directed migration seems to depend on Rac1 and Cdc42 in collagen, but not in Matrigel (shown using appropriate pharmacological inhibitors). 27737863 3 30 dep 2-dimensional 372:384 arg1 2D 387:388 2D 387:388 2D 387:388 Most of our understanding of cell migration relies on 2-dimensional (2D) experiments. 27737863 11 31 theme in 1369:1370 arg1 proof 1377:1381 an in situ proof 1366:1381 an in situ proof of principle 1366:1394 As an in situ proof of principle, we performed live imaging of EC migration during vascular growth in a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies. 27737863 11 31 theme in 1369:1370 arg1 imaging 1415:1421 live imaging 1410:1421 live imaging of EC migration 1410:1437 As an in situ proof of principle, we performed live imaging of EC migration during vascular growth in a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies. 27737863 9 32 theme main 1243:1246 arg1 laminin 1228:1234 laminin 1228:1234 laminin 1228:1234 By applying anti-integrin antibodies and supplementing laminin in collagen gels, we identify laminin as the main determinant of the elongated phenotype. 27737863 9 32 theme main 1243:1246 arg1 determinant 1248:1258 the main determinant 1239:1258 the main determinant of the elongated phenotype 1239:1285 By applying anti-integrin antibodies and supplementing laminin in collagen gels, we identify laminin as the main determinant of the elongated phenotype. 27737863 7 33 theme cell 906:909 arg1 blebs 911:915 pronounced cell blebs 895:915 pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) 895:929 Our observations reveal an elongated migration phenotype in Matrigel and a rounded phenotype with pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) in collagen I, which have not previously been described in ECs. 27737863 7 33 theme cell 906:909 arg1 µm 927:928 blebs >2 µm 918:928 blebs >2 µm 918:928 Our observations reveal an elongated migration phenotype in Matrigel and a rounded phenotype with pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) in collagen I, which have not previously been described in ECs. 27737863 6 34 dep APPROACH 646:653 arg1 characterize 670:681 characterize 670:681 characterize the migration of single ECs through 2 structurally different hydrogels: spongy Matrigel and fibrillar collagen I 670:794 APPROACH AND RESULTS We characterize the migration of single ECs through 2 structurally different hydrogels: spongy Matrigel and fibrillar collagen I. 27737863 0 35 theme New 0:2 arg1 View 4:7 New View 0:7 New View on Endothelial Cell Migration: Switching Modes of Migration Based on Matrix Composition. 0:96 New View on Endothelial Cell Migration: Switching Modes of Migration Based on Matrix Composition. 27737863 8 36 theme Directed 995:1002 arg1 migration 1004:1012 Directed migration 995:1012 Directed migration 995:1012 Directed migration seems to depend on Rac1 and Cdc42 in collagen, but not in Matrigel (shown using appropriate pharmacological inhibitors). 27737863 3 37 theme cell 347:350 arg1 migration 352:360 cell migration 347:360 cell migration 347:360 Most of our understanding of cell migration relies on 2-dimensional (2D) experiments. 27737863 6 38 theme spongy 755:760 arg1 hydrogels 744:752 2 structurally different hydrogels 719:752 2 structurally different hydrogels: spongy Matrigel and fibrillar collagen I 719:794 APPROACH AND RESULTS We characterize the migration of single ECs through 2 structurally different hydrogels: spongy Matrigel and fibrillar collagen I. 27737863 6 38 theme spongy 755:760 arg1 Matrigel 762:769 spongy Matrigel 755:769 spongy Matrigel 755:769 APPROACH AND RESULTS We characterize the migration of single ECs through 2 structurally different hydrogels: spongy Matrigel and fibrillar collagen I. 27737863 11 39 theme principle 1386:1394 arg1 proof 1377:1381 an in situ proof 1366:1381 an in situ proof of principle 1366:1394 As an in situ proof of principle, we performed live imaging of EC migration during vascular growth in a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies. 27737863 11 39 theme principle 1386:1394 arg1 imaging 1415:1421 live imaging 1410:1421 live imaging of EC migration 1410:1437 As an in situ proof of principle, we performed live imaging of EC migration during vascular growth in a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies. 27737863 9 40 theme elongated 1267:1275 arg1 phenotype 1277:1285 the elongated phenotype 1263:1285 the elongated phenotype 1263:1285 By applying anti-integrin antibodies and supplementing laminin in collagen gels, we identify laminin as the main determinant of the elongated phenotype. 27737863 0 41 theme Cell 24:27 arg1 Migration 29:37 Endothelial Cell Migration 12:37 Endothelial Cell Migration 12:37 New View on Endothelial Cell Migration: Switching Modes of Migration Based on Matrix Composition. 27737863 3 42 theme 2-dimensional 372:384 arg1 experiments 391:401 2-dimensional (2D) experiments 372:401 2-dimensional (2D) experiments 372:401 Most of our understanding of cell migration relies on 2-dimensional (2D) experiments. 27737863 6 43 theme single 700:705 arg1 ECs 707:709 single ECs 700:709 single ECs 700:709 APPROACH AND RESULTS We characterize the migration of single ECs through 2 structurally different hydrogels: spongy Matrigel and fibrillar collagen I. 27737863 11 44 theme anti-integrin 1512:1524 arg1 antibodies 1526:1535 anti-integrin antibodies 1512:1535 anti-integrin antibodies 1512:1535 As an in situ proof of principle, we performed live imaging of EC migration during vascular growth in a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies. 27737863 10 45 theme morphological 1314:1326 arg1 switch 1328:1333 a morphological switch 1312:1333 a morphological switch between modes of migration 1312:1360 Laminin seems to induce a morphological switch between modes of migration. 27737863 12 46 theme small 1691:1695 arg1 GTPases 1697:1703 small GTPases 1691:1703 small GTPases 1691:1703 CONCLUSIONS We show that, surprisingly, ECs can evade the pharmacological inhibition of central signaling pathways involved in migration (contractility, small GTPases, and proteolysis) by shifting gears between modes of migration. 27737863 5 47 theme composition 584:594 arg1 influence 564:572 the influence 560:572 the influence of matrix composition on EC migration 560:610 Knowledge about endothelial cell (EC) behavior in 3D environments and the influence of matrix composition on EC migration, in particular, is still limited. 27737863 5 47 theme composition 584:594 arg1 behavior 528:535 endothelial cell (EC) behavior 506:535 endothelial cell (EC) behavior in 3D environments 506:554 Knowledge about endothelial cell (EC) behavior in 3D environments and the influence of matrix composition on EC migration, in particular, is still limited. 27737863 13 48 theme unexpected 1795:1804 arg1 plasticity 1817:1826 an unexpected contextual plasticity 1792:1826 an unexpected contextual plasticity of EC behavior 1792:1841 This finding indicates an unexpected contextual plasticity of EC behavior. 27737863 7 49 theme elongated 824:832 arg1 phenotype 844:852 an elongated migration phenotype 821:852 an elongated migration phenotype in Matrigel 821:864 Our observations reveal an elongated migration phenotype in Matrigel and a rounded phenotype with pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) in collagen I, which have not previously been described in ECs. 27737863 5 50 theme EC 599:600 arg1 migration 602:610 EC migration 599:610 EC migration 599:610 Knowledge about endothelial cell (EC) behavior in 3D environments and the influence of matrix composition on EC migration, in particular, is still limited. 27737863 2 51 theme blood 302:306 arg1 vessels 308:314 new blood vessels 298:314 new blood vessels 298:314 This is of special importance for morphogenic processes, such as angiogenesis (the development of new blood vessels). 27737863 11 52 theme murine 1467:1472 arg1 retina 1474:1479 a murine retina 1465:1479 a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies 1465:1535 As an in situ proof of principle, we performed live imaging of EC migration during vascular growth in a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies. 27737863 8 53 theme pharmacological 1106:1120 arg1 inhibitors 1122:1131 appropriate pharmacological inhibitors 1094:1131 appropriate pharmacological inhibitors 1094:1131 Directed migration seems to depend on Rac1 and Cdc42 in collagen, but not in Matrigel (shown using appropriate pharmacological inhibitors). 27737863 5 54 from influence 564:572 arg1 environments 543:554 3D environments 540:554 3D environments 540:554 Knowledge about endothelial cell (EC) behavior in 3D environments and the influence of matrix composition on EC migration, in particular, is still limited. 27737863 5 54 from influence 564:572 arg1 migration 602:610 EC migration 599:610 EC migration 599:610 Knowledge about endothelial cell (EC) behavior in 3D environments and the influence of matrix composition on EC migration, in particular, is still limited. 27737863 4 55 theme 3D 432:433 arg1 settings 435:442 3D settings 432:442 3D settings 432:442 However, the awareness that 3D settings might elicit different results has increased. 27737863 2 56 theme special 211:217 arg1 importance 219:228 special importance 211:228 special importance for morphogenic processes, such as angiogenesis (the development of new blood vessels) 211:315 This is of special importance for morphogenic processes, such as angiogenesis (the development of new blood vessels). 27737863 1 57 theme OBJECTIVE 98:106 arg1 interactions 120:131 OBJECTIVE Cell-matrix interactions 98:131 OBJECTIVE Cell-matrix interactions 98:131 OBJECTIVE Cell-matrix interactions are crucial for regulating cellular activities, such as migration. 27737863 12 58 dep migration 1665:1673 arg1 contractility 1676:1688 contractility 1676:1688 contractility 1676:1688 CONCLUSIONS We show that, surprisingly, ECs can evade the pharmacological inhibition of central signaling pathways involved in migration (contractility, small GTPases, and proteolysis) by shifting gears between modes of migration. 27737863 12 58 dep migration 1665:1673 arg1 GTPases 1697:1703 small GTPases 1691:1703 small GTPases 1691:1703 CONCLUSIONS We show that, surprisingly, ECs can evade the pharmacological inhibition of central signaling pathways involved in migration (contractility, small GTPases, and proteolysis) by shifting gears between modes of migration. 27737863 12 58 dep migration 1665:1673 arg1 proteolysis 1710:1720 proteolysis 1710:1720 proteolysis 1710:1720 CONCLUSIONS We show that, surprisingly, ECs can evade the pharmacological inhibition of central signaling pathways involved in migration (contractility, small GTPases, and proteolysis) by shifting gears between modes of migration. 27737863 11 59 from retina 1474:1479 arg1 presence 1500:1507 presence 1500:1507 presence 1500:1507 As an in situ proof of principle, we performed live imaging of EC migration during vascular growth in a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies. 27737863 11 59 from retina 1474:1479 arg1 absence 1488:1494 absence 1488:1494 absence 1488:1494 As an in situ proof of principle, we performed live imaging of EC migration during vascular growth in a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies. 27737863 12 60 dep CONCLUSIONS 1538:1548 arg1 show 1553:1556 show 1553:1556 show that, surprisingly, ECs can evade the pharmacological inhibition of central signaling pathways involved in migration (contractility, small GTPases, and proteolysis) by shifting gears between modes of migration 1553:1766 CONCLUSIONS We show that, surprisingly, ECs can evade the pharmacological inhibition of central signaling pathways involved in migration (contractility, small GTPases, and proteolysis) by shifting gears between modes of migration. 27737863 7 61 from blebs 911:915 arg1 collagen 934:941 collagen I 934:943 collagen I 934:943 Our observations reveal an elongated migration phenotype in Matrigel and a rounded phenotype with pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) in collagen I, which have not previously been described in ECs. 27737863 13 62 theme behavior 1834:1841 arg1 plasticity 1817:1826 an unexpected contextual plasticity 1792:1826 an unexpected contextual plasticity of EC behavior 1792:1841 This finding indicates an unexpected contextual plasticity of EC behavior. 27737863 12 63 theme central 1626:1632 arg1 pathways 1644:1651 central signaling pathways 1626:1651 central signaling pathways involved in migration (contractility, small GTPases, and proteolysis) 1626:1721 CONCLUSIONS We show that, surprisingly, ECs can evade the pharmacological inhibition of central signaling pathways involved in migration (contractility, small GTPases, and proteolysis) by shifting gears between modes of migration. 27737863 11 64 theme EC 1426:1427 arg1 migration 1429:1437 EC migration 1426:1437 EC migration 1426:1437 As an in situ proof of principle, we performed live imaging of EC migration during vascular growth in a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies. 27737863 11 65 theme vascular 1446:1453 arg1 growth 1455:1460 vascular growth 1446:1460 vascular growth in a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies 1446:1535 As an in situ proof of principle, we performed live imaging of EC migration during vascular growth in a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies. 27737863 5 66 theme cell 518:521 arg1 behavior 528:535 endothelial cell (EC) behavior 506:535 endothelial cell (EC) behavior in 3D environments 506:554 Knowledge about endothelial cell (EC) behavior in 3D environments and the influence of matrix composition on EC migration, in particular, is still limited. 27737863 11 67 from growth 1455:1460 arg1 retina 1474:1479 a murine retina 1465:1479 a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies 1465:1535 As an in situ proof of principle, we performed live imaging of EC migration during vascular growth in a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies. 27737863 0 68 from View 4:7 arg1 Migration 29:37 Endothelial Cell Migration 12:37 Endothelial Cell Migration 12:37 New View on Endothelial Cell Migration: Switching Modes of Migration Based on Matrix Composition. 27737863 13 69 theme contextual 1806:1815 arg1 plasticity 1817:1826 an unexpected contextual plasticity 1792:1826 an unexpected contextual plasticity of EC behavior 1792:1841 This finding indicates an unexpected contextual plasticity of EC behavior. 27737863 0 70 theme Matrix 78:83 arg1 Composition 85:95 Matrix Composition 78:95 Matrix Composition 78:95 New View on Endothelial Cell Migration: Switching Modes of Migration Based on Matrix Composition. 27737863 7 71 from phenotype 844:852 arg1 Matrigel 857:864 Matrigel 857:864 Matrigel 857:864 Our observations reveal an elongated migration phenotype in Matrigel and a rounded phenotype with pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) in collagen I, which have not previously been described in ECs. 27737863 5 72 theme matrix 577:582 arg1 composition 584:594 matrix composition 577:594 matrix composition 577:594 Knowledge about endothelial cell (EC) behavior in 3D environments and the influence of matrix composition on EC migration, in particular, is still limited. 27737863 4 73 theme different 457:465 arg1 results 467:473 different results 457:473 different results 457:473 However, the awareness that 3D settings might elicit different results has increased. 27737863 5 74 theme 3D 540:541 arg1 environments 543:554 3D environments 540:554 3D environments 540:554 Knowledge about endothelial cell (EC) behavior in 3D environments and the influence of matrix composition on EC migration, in particular, is still limited. 27737863 0 75 theme Endothelial 12:22 arg1 Migration 29:37 Endothelial Cell Migration 12:37 Endothelial Cell Migration 12:37 New View on Endothelial Cell Migration: Switching Modes of Migration Based on Matrix Composition. 27737863 7 76 theme blebs 918:922 arg1 blebs 911:915 pronounced cell blebs 895:915 pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) 895:929 Our observations reveal an elongated migration phenotype in Matrigel and a rounded phenotype with pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) in collagen I, which have not previously been described in ECs. 27737863 7 76 theme blebs 918:922 arg1 µm 927:928 blebs >2 µm 918:928 blebs >2 µm 918:928 Our observations reveal an elongated migration phenotype in Matrigel and a rounded phenotype with pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) in collagen I, which have not previously been described in ECs. 27737863 3 77 theme migration 352:360 arg1 understanding 330:342 our understanding 326:342 our understanding of cell migration 326:360 Most of our understanding of cell migration relies on 2-dimensional (2D) experiments. 27737863 7 78 from phenotype 880:888 arg1 Matrigel 857:864 Matrigel 857:864 Matrigel 857:864 Our observations reveal an elongated migration phenotype in Matrigel and a rounded phenotype with pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) in collagen I, which have not previously been described in ECs. 27737863 9 79 theme phenotype 1277:1285 arg1 laminin 1228:1234 laminin 1228:1234 laminin 1228:1234 By applying anti-integrin antibodies and supplementing laminin in collagen gels, we identify laminin as the main determinant of the elongated phenotype. 27737863 9 79 theme phenotype 1277:1285 arg1 determinant 1248:1258 the main determinant 1239:1258 the main determinant of the elongated phenotype 1239:1285 By applying anti-integrin antibodies and supplementing laminin in collagen gels, we identify laminin as the main determinant of the elongated phenotype. 27737863 0 80 theme Switching 40:48 arg1 Modes 50:54 Switching Modes 40:54 New View on Endothelial Cell Migration: Switching Modes of Migration Based on Matrix Composition. 0:96 New View on Endothelial Cell Migration: Switching Modes of Migration Based on Matrix Composition. 27737863 6 81 theme ECs 707:709 arg1 migration 687:695 the migration 683:695 the migration of single ECs through 2 structurally different hydrogels: spongy Matrigel and fibrillar collagen I 683:794 APPROACH AND RESULTS We characterize the migration of single ECs through 2 structurally different hydrogels: spongy Matrigel and fibrillar collagen I. 27737863 7 82 theme rounded 872:878 arg1 phenotype 880:888 a rounded phenotype 870:888 a rounded phenotype with pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) in collagen I, which have not previously been described in ECs 870:992 Our observations reveal an elongated migration phenotype in Matrigel and a rounded phenotype with pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) in collagen I, which have not previously been described in ECs. 27737863 12 83 theme migration 1758:1766 arg1 modes 1749:1753 modes 1749:1753 modes of migration 1749:1766 CONCLUSIONS We show that, surprisingly, ECs can evade the pharmacological inhibition of central signaling pathways involved in migration (contractility, small GTPases, and proteolysis) by shifting gears between modes of migration. 27737863 11 84 theme antibodies 1526:1535 arg1 presence 1500:1507 presence 1500:1507 presence 1500:1507 As an in situ proof of principle, we performed live imaging of EC migration during vascular growth in a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies. 27737863 11 84 theme antibodies 1526:1535 arg1 absence 1488:1494 absence 1488:1494 absence 1488:1494 As an in situ proof of principle, we performed live imaging of EC migration during vascular growth in a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies. 27737863 2 85 theme vessels 308:314 arg1 development 283:293 the development 279:293 angiogenesis (the development of new blood vessels) 265:315 This is of special importance for morphogenic processes, such as angiogenesis (the development of new blood vessels). 27737863 0 86 dep View 4:7 arg1 Modes 50:54 Switching Modes 40:54 New View on Endothelial Cell Migration: Switching Modes of Migration Based on Matrix Composition. 0:96 New View on Endothelial Cell Migration: Switching Modes of Migration Based on Matrix Composition. 27324102 4 0 theme moderate 590:597 arg1 PE 599:600 severe or moderate PE 580:600 severe or moderate PE 580:600 We analyzed placental tissues in women who had severe or moderate PE and compared them to placentas from women with normal pregnancies. 27324102 7 1 theme α-mannosyl 1085:1094 arg1 ConA 1106:1109 ConA 1106:1109 ConA 1106:1109 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 7 1 theme α-mannosyl 1085:1094 arg1 residues 1096:1103 terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues 1059:1103 terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast 1059:1137 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 3 2 theme lectins 524:530 arg1 panel 502:506 a panel 500:506 a panel of biotinylated lectins 500:530 METHODS A histochemical analysis of placental tissues was performed with a panel of biotinylated lectins. 27324102 2 3 from chains 335:340 arg1 tissue 369:374 placental tissue 359:374 placental tissue in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia (PE) 359:424 The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in the structure of carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx in placental tissue in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia (PE). 27324102 8 4 from endothelium 1452:1462 arg1 preeclampsia 1485:1496 preeclampsia 1485:1496 preeclampsia 1485:1496 The increased content of sialoglycans with α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues were discovered in the syncytium, and the decreased content of α(2,3)-linked sialic acids residues - in the endothelium of terminal villi in preeclampsia. 27324102 5 5 link -linked 735:741 arg1 acid 750:753 sialic acid 743:753 α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) 729:780 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 2 6 from glycocalyx 345:354 arg1 tissue 369:374 placental tissue 359:374 placental tissue in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia (PE) 359:424 The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in the structure of carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx in placental tissue in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia (PE). 27324102 10 7 theme modified 1654:1661 arg1 glycome 1663:1669 the modified glycome 1650:1669 the modified glycome of syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium 1650:1718 It is likely that the modified glycome of syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium may play an important role in pathogenesis of preeclampsia. 27324102 5 8 theme endothelium 830:840 arg1 glycocalyx 812:821 glycocalyx 812:821 glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia 812:907 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 5 9 dep stained 759:765 arg1 as 756:757 as 756:757 as 756:757 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 7 10 theme terminal 1059:1066 arg1 ConA 1106:1109 ConA 1106:1109 ConA 1106:1109 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 7 10 theme terminal 1059:1066 arg1 residues 1096:1103 terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues 1059:1103 terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast 1059:1137 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 10 11 theme endothelium 1708:1718 arg1 glycome 1663:1669 the modified glycome 1650:1669 the modified glycome of syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium 1650:1718 It is likely that the modified glycome of syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium may play an important role in pathogenesis of preeclampsia. 27324102 5 12 theme placental 845:853 arg1 villi 864:868 placental terminal villi 845:868 placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia 845:907 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 6 13 theme syncytiotrophoblast 947:965 arg1 glycocalyx 933:942 the glycocalyx 929:942 the glycocalyx of syncytiotrophoblast in patients of this group 929:991 The composition of the glycocalyx of syncytiotrophoblast in patients of this group did not differ from the control group. 27324102 9 14 theme severe 1611:1616 arg1 preeclampsia 1618:1629 severe preeclampsia 1611:1629 severe preeclampsia 1611:1629 DISCUSSION The most prominent alteration of the glycocalyx composition was found in the placentas of women with severe preeclampsia. 27324102 5 15 theme residues 717:724 arg1 content 697:703 content 697:703 content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) 697:780 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 2 16 theme placental 359:367 arg1 tissue 369:374 placental tissue 359:374 placental tissue in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia (PE) 359:424 The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in the structure of carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx in placental tissue in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia (PE). 27324102 4 17 from women 638:642 arg1 placentas 623:631 placentas 623:631 placentas from women with normal pregnancies 623:666 We analyzed placental tissues in women who had severe or moderate PE and compared them to placentas from women with normal pregnancies. 27324102 6 18 theme glycocalyx 933:942 arg1 composition 914:924 The composition 910:924 The composition of the glycocalyx of syncytiotrophoblast in patients of this group 910:991 The composition of the glycocalyx of syncytiotrophoblast in patients of this group did not differ from the control group. 27324102 4 19 theme normal 649:654 arg1 pregnancies 656:666 normal pregnancies 649:666 normal pregnancies 649:666 We analyzed placental tissues in women who had severe or moderate PE and compared them to placentas from women with normal pregnancies. 27324102 10 20 theme important 1732:1740 arg1 role 1742:1745 an important role 1729:1745 an important role 1729:1745 It is likely that the modified glycome of syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium may play an important role in pathogenesis of preeclampsia. 27324102 8 21 link -linked 1314:1320 arg1 residues 1335:1342 α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues 1308:1342 α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues 1308:1342 The increased content of sialoglycans with α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues were discovered in the syncytium, and the decreased content of α(2,3)-linked sialic acids residues - in the endothelium of terminal villi in preeclampsia. 27324102 8 22 theme decreased 1386:1394 arg1 content 1396:1402 the decreased content 1382:1402 the decreased content of α(2,3)-linked sialic acids 1382:1432 The increased content of sialoglycans with α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues were discovered in the syncytium, and the decreased content of α(2,3)-linked sialic acids residues - in the endothelium of terminal villi in preeclampsia. 27324102 5 23 theme moderate 887:894 arg1 preeclampsia 896:907 moderate preeclampsia 887:907 moderate preeclampsia 887:907 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 2 24 theme study 265:269 arg1 aim 253:255 The aim 249:255 The aim of this study 249:269 The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in the structure of carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx in placental tissue in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia (PE). 27324102 8 25 theme increased 1269:1277 arg1 content 1279:1285 The increased content 1265:1285 The increased content of sialoglycans with α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues 1265:1342 The increased content of sialoglycans with α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues were discovered in the syncytium, and the decreased content of α(2,3)-linked sialic acids residues - in the endothelium of terminal villi in preeclampsia. 27324102 5 26 theme acid 750:753 arg1 residues 717:724 terminal residues 708:724 terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) 708:780 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 5 26 theme acid 750:753 arg1 acid 750:753 sialic acid 743:753 α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) 729:780 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 5 27 theme carbohydrate 789:800 arg1 chains 802:807 the carbohydrate chains 785:807 the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia 785:907 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 5 28 theme villi 864:868 arg1 endothelium 830:840 the endothelium 826:840 the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia 826:907 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 4 29 theme severe 580:585 arg1 PE 599:600 severe or moderate PE 580:600 severe or moderate PE 580:600 We analyzed placental tissues in women who had severe or moderate PE and compared them to placentas from women with normal pregnancies. 27324102 8 30 theme sialic 1421:1426 arg1 acids 1428:1432 α(2,3)-linked sialic acids 1407:1432 α(2,3)-linked sialic acids 1407:1432 The increased content of sialoglycans with α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues were discovered in the syncytium, and the decreased content of α(2,3)-linked sialic acids residues - in the endothelium of terminal villi in preeclampsia. 27324102 5 31 theme -linked 735:741 arg1 acid 750:753 sialic acid 743:753 α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) 729:780 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 5 32 dep RESULTS 669:675 arg1 decreased 687:695 decreased 687:695 was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia 683:907 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 0 33 theme placenta 68:75 arg1 elements 56:63 the structural elements 41:63 the structural elements of placenta in preeclampsia 41:91 Differences of glycocalyx composition in the structural elements of placenta in preeclampsia. 27324102 1 34 theme INTRODUCTION 94:105 arg1 Glycans 107:113 INTRODUCTION Glycans 94:113 INTRODUCTION Glycans expressed in the fetal-maternal interface 94:155 INTRODUCTION Glycans expressed in the fetal-maternal interface were shown to exert immunomodulating effects and to mediate interactions between the cells. 27324102 8 35 theme sialic 1322:1327 arg1 residues 1335:1342 α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues 1308:1342 α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues 1308:1342 The increased content of sialoglycans with α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues were discovered in the syncytium, and the decreased content of α(2,3)-linked sialic acids residues - in the endothelium of terminal villi in preeclampsia. 27324102 0 36 theme glycocalyx 15:24 arg1 composition 26:36 glycocalyx composition 15:36 glycocalyx composition 15:36 Differences of glycocalyx composition in the structural elements of placenta in preeclampsia. 27324102 8 37 theme terminal 1467:1474 arg1 villi 1476:1480 terminal villi 1467:1480 terminal villi 1467:1480 The increased content of sialoglycans with α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues were discovered in the syncytium, and the decreased content of α(2,3)-linked sialic acids residues - in the endothelium of terminal villi in preeclampsia. 27324102 3 38 theme placental 463:471 arg1 tissues 473:479 placental tissues 463:479 placental tissues 463:479 METHODS A histochemical analysis of placental tissues was performed with a panel of biotinylated lectins. 27324102 9 39 located found 1574:1578 arg2 alteration 1529:1538 The most prominent alteration 1510:1538 The most prominent alteration of the glycocalyx composition 1510:1568 DISCUSSION The most prominent alteration of the glycocalyx composition was found in the placentas of women with severe preeclampsia. 27324102 9 39 located found 1574:1578 arg1 placentas 1587:1595 the placentas 1583:1595 the placentas of women with severe preeclampsia 1583:1629 DISCUSSION The most prominent alteration of the glycocalyx composition was found in the placentas of women with severe preeclampsia. 27324102 7 40 with glycans 1046:1052 arg1 ConA 1106:1109 ConA 1106:1109 ConA 1106:1109 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 7 40 with glycans 1046:1052 arg1 residues 1096:1103 terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues 1059:1103 terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast 1059:1137 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 6 41 from composition 914:924 arg1 patients 970:977 patients 970:977 patients of this group 970:991 The composition of the glycocalyx of syncytiotrophoblast in patients of this group did not differ from the control group. 27324102 9 42 with women 1600:1604 arg1 preeclampsia 1618:1629 severe preeclampsia 1611:1629 severe preeclampsia 1611:1629 DISCUSSION The most prominent alteration of the glycocalyx composition was found in the placentas of women with severe preeclampsia. 27324102 0 43 theme structural 45:54 arg1 elements 56:63 the structural elements 41:63 the structural elements of placenta in preeclampsia 41:91 Differences of glycocalyx composition in the structural elements of placenta in preeclampsia. 27324102 7 44 from residues 1096:1103 arg1 syncytiotrophoblast 1119:1137 the syncytiotrophoblast 1115:1137 the syncytiotrophoblast 1115:1137 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 7 45 theme control 1250:1256 arg1 group 1258:1262 the control group 1246:1262 the control group 1246:1262 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 9 46 theme composition 1558:1568 arg1 alteration 1529:1538 The most prominent alteration 1510:1538 The most prominent alteration of the glycocalyx composition 1510:1568 DISCUSSION The most prominent alteration of the glycocalyx composition was found in the placentas of women with severe preeclampsia. 27324102 3 47 theme biotinylated 511:522 arg1 lectins 524:530 biotinylated lectins 511:530 biotinylated lectins 511:530 METHODS A histochemical analysis of placental tissues was performed with a panel of biotinylated lectins. 27324102 9 48 theme women 1600:1604 arg1 placentas 1587:1595 the placentas 1583:1595 the placentas of women with severe preeclampsia 1583:1629 DISCUSSION The most prominent alteration of the glycocalyx composition was found in the placentas of women with severe preeclampsia. 27324102 10 49 theme syncytiotrophoblast 1674:1692 arg1 glycome 1663:1669 the modified glycome 1650:1669 the modified glycome of syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium 1650:1718 It is likely that the modified glycome of syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium may play an important role in pathogenesis of preeclampsia. 27324102 2 50 theme carbohydrate 322:333 arg1 chains 335:340 carbohydrate chains 322:340 carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx in placental tissue in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia (PE) 322:424 The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in the structure of carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx in placental tissue in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia (PE). 27324102 7 51 theme β-Gal- 1068:1073 arg1 ConA 1106:1109 ConA 1106:1109 ConA 1106:1109 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 7 51 theme β-Gal- 1068:1073 arg1 residues 1096:1103 terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues 1059:1103 terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast 1059:1137 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 1 52 theme immunomodulating 177:192 arg1 effects 194:200 immunomodulating effects 177:200 immunomodulating effects 177:200 INTRODUCTION Glycans expressed in the fetal-maternal interface were shown to exert immunomodulating effects and to mediate interactions between the cells. 27324102 2 53 from tissue 369:374 arg1 chains 335:340 carbohydrate chains 322:340 carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx in placental tissue in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia (PE) 322:424 The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in the structure of carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx in placental tissue in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia (PE). 27324102 2 53 from tissue 369:374 arg1 pregnancies 379:389 pregnancies 379:389 pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia (PE) 379:424 The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in the structure of carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx in placental tissue in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia (PE). 27324102 4 54 contain had 576:578 arg1 women 566:570 women 566:570 women who had severe or moderate PE 566:600 We analyzed placental tissues in women who had severe or moderate PE and compared them to placentas from women with normal pregnancies. 27324102 4 54 contain had 576:578 arg2 PE 599:600 severe or moderate PE 580:600 severe or moderate PE 580:600 We analyzed placental tissues in women who had severe or moderate PE and compared them to placentas from women with normal pregnancies. 27324102 5 55 theme terminal 708:715 arg1 residues 717:724 terminal residues 708:724 terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) 708:780 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 5 55 theme terminal 708:715 arg1 acid 750:753 sialic acid 743:753 α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) 729:780 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 10 56 theme capillary 1698:1706 arg1 endothelium 1708:1718 capillary endothelium 1698:1718 capillary endothelium 1698:1718 It is likely that the modified glycome of syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium may play an important role in pathogenesis of preeclampsia. 27324102 5 57 theme glycocalyx 812:821 arg1 chains 802:807 the carbohydrate chains 785:807 the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia 785:907 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 5 58 dep acid 750:753 arg1 stained 759:765 stained 759:765 stained by SNA lectin 759:779 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 7 59 with endothelium 1153:1163 arg1 ConA 1106:1109 ConA 1106:1109 ConA 1106:1109 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 7 59 with endothelium 1153:1163 arg1 residues 1096:1103 terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues 1059:1103 terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast 1059:1137 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 7 60 dep β-Gal- 1068:1073 arg1 ECL 1076:1078 ECL 1076:1078 ECL 1076:1078 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 0 61 from Differences 0:10 arg1 elements 56:63 the structural elements 41:63 the structural elements of placenta in preeclampsia 41:91 Differences of glycocalyx composition in the structural elements of placenta in preeclampsia. 27324102 10 62 theme preeclampsia 1766:1777 arg1 pathogenesis 1750:1761 pathogenesis 1750:1761 pathogenesis of preeclampsia 1750:1777 It is likely that the modified glycome of syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium may play an important role in pathogenesis of preeclampsia. 27324102 1 63 theme fetal-maternal 132:145 arg1 interface 147:155 the fetal-maternal interface 128:155 the fetal-maternal interface 128:155 INTRODUCTION Glycans expressed in the fetal-maternal interface were shown to exert immunomodulating effects and to mediate interactions between the cells. 27324102 7 64 theme severe 1224:1229 arg1 PE 1231:1232 severe PE 1224:1232 severe PE 1224:1232 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 5 65 theme sialic 743:748 arg1 acid 750:753 sialic acid 743:753 α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) 729:780 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 5 66 theme terminal 855:862 arg1 villi 864:868 placental terminal villi 845:868 placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia 845:907 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 2 67 from alterations 290:300 arg1 structure 309:317 the structure 305:317 the structure of carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx in placental tissue in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia (PE) 305:424 The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in the structure of carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx in placental tissue in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia (PE). 27324102 8 68 theme -linked 1413:1419 arg1 acids 1428:1432 α(2,3)-linked sialic acids 1407:1432 α(2,3)-linked sialic acids 1407:1432 The increased content of sialoglycans with α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues were discovered in the syncytium, and the decreased content of α(2,3)-linked sialic acids residues - in the endothelium of terminal villi in preeclampsia. 27324102 9 69 dep DISCUSSION 1499:1508 arg1 found 1574:1578 found 1574:1578 was found in the placentas of women with severe preeclampsia 1570:1629 DISCUSSION The most prominent alteration of the glycocalyx composition was found in the placentas of women with severe preeclampsia. 27324102 8 70 with sialoglycans 1290:1301 arg1 residues 1335:1342 α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues 1308:1342 α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues 1308:1342 The increased content of sialoglycans with α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues were discovered in the syncytium, and the decreased content of α(2,3)-linked sialic acids residues - in the endothelium of terminal villi in preeclampsia. 27324102 7 71 theme placenta 1172:1179 arg1 placenta 1172:1179 the placenta 1168:1179 the placenta 1168:1179 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 7 71 theme placenta 1172:1179 arg1 endothelium 1153:1163 capillary endothelium 1143:1163 capillary endothelium 1143:1163 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 7 71 theme placenta 1172:1179 arg1 Amount 1032:1037 Amount 1032:1037 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta 1032:1179 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 7 71 theme placenta 1172:1179 arg1 glycans 1046:1052 the glycans 1042:1052 the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast 1042:1137 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 5 72 from endothelium 830:840 arg1 patients 873:880 patients 873:880 patients with moderate preeclampsia 873:907 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 6 73 theme group 987:991 arg1 patients 970:977 patients 970:977 patients of this group 970:991 The composition of the glycocalyx of syncytiotrophoblast in patients of this group did not differ from the control group. 27324102 7 74 theme glycans 1046:1052 arg1 placenta 1172:1179 the placenta 1168:1179 the placenta 1168:1179 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 7 74 theme glycans 1046:1052 arg1 endothelium 1153:1163 capillary endothelium 1143:1163 capillary endothelium 1143:1163 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 7 74 theme glycans 1046:1052 arg1 Amount 1032:1037 Amount 1032:1037 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta 1032:1179 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 7 74 theme glycans 1046:1052 arg1 glycans 1046:1052 the glycans 1042:1052 the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast 1042:1137 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 8 75 theme acids 1428:1432 arg1 content 1396:1402 the decreased content 1382:1402 the decreased content of α(2,3)-linked sialic acids 1382:1432 The increased content of sialoglycans with α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues were discovered in the syncytium, and the decreased content of α(2,3)-linked sialic acids residues - in the endothelium of terminal villi in preeclampsia. 27324102 5 76 with patients 873:880 arg1 preeclampsia 896:907 moderate preeclampsia 887:907 moderate preeclampsia 887:907 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 5 77 from patients 873:880 arg1 endothelium 830:840 the endothelium 826:840 the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia 826:907 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 7 78 theme endothelium 1153:1163 arg1 placenta 1172:1179 the placenta 1168:1179 the placenta 1168:1179 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 7 78 theme endothelium 1153:1163 arg1 endothelium 1153:1163 capillary endothelium 1143:1163 capillary endothelium 1143:1163 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 7 78 theme endothelium 1153:1163 arg1 Amount 1032:1037 Amount 1032:1037 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta 1032:1179 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 7 78 theme endothelium 1153:1163 arg1 glycans 1046:1052 the glycans 1042:1052 the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast 1042:1137 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 0 79 from elements 56:63 arg1 preeclampsia 80:91 preeclampsia 80:91 preeclampsia 80:91 Differences of glycocalyx composition in the structural elements of placenta in preeclampsia. 27324102 8 80 theme sialoglycans 1290:1301 arg1 content 1279:1285 The increased content 1265:1285 The increased content of sialoglycans with α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues 1265:1342 The increased content of sialoglycans with α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues were discovered in the syncytium, and the decreased content of α(2,3)-linked sialic acids residues - in the endothelium of terminal villi in preeclampsia. 27324102 7 81 theme capillary 1143:1151 arg1 endothelium 1153:1163 capillary endothelium 1143:1163 capillary endothelium 1143:1163 Amount of the glycans with terminal β-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. 27324102 5 82 from villi 864:868 arg1 patients 873:880 patients 873:880 patients with moderate preeclampsia 873:907 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 6 83 from patients 970:977 arg1 composition 914:924 The composition 910:924 The composition of the glycocalyx of syncytiotrophoblast in patients of this group 910:991 The composition of the glycocalyx of syncytiotrophoblast in patients of this group did not differ from the control group. 27324102 3 84 dep METHODS 427:433 arg1 analysis 451:458 A histochemical analysis 435:458 METHODS A histochemical analysis of placental tissues 427:479 METHODS A histochemical analysis of placental tissues was performed with a panel of biotinylated lectins. 27324102 3 85 theme histochemical 437:449 arg1 analysis 451:458 A histochemical analysis 435:458 METHODS A histochemical analysis of placental tissues 427:479 METHODS A histochemical analysis of placental tissues was performed with a panel of biotinylated lectins. 27324102 0 86 theme composition 26:36 arg1 Differences 0:10 Differences 0:10 Differences of glycocalyx composition in the structural elements of placenta in preeclampsia. 0:92 Differences of glycocalyx composition in the structural elements of placenta in preeclampsia. 27324102 8 87 theme villi 1476:1480 arg1 endothelium 1452:1462 the endothelium 1448:1462 the endothelium of terminal villi in preeclampsia 1448:1496 The increased content of sialoglycans with α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues were discovered in the syncytium, and the decreased content of α(2,3)-linked sialic acids residues - in the endothelium of terminal villi in preeclampsia. 27324102 6 88 from glycocalyx 933:942 arg1 patients 970:977 patients 970:977 patients of this group 970:991 The composition of the glycocalyx of syncytiotrophoblast in patients of this group did not differ from the control group. 27324102 8 89 theme -linked 1314:1320 arg1 residues 1335:1342 α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues 1308:1342 α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues 1308:1342 The increased content of sialoglycans with α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues were discovered in the syncytium, and the decreased content of α(2,3)-linked sialic acids residues - in the endothelium of terminal villi in preeclampsia. 27324102 6 90 theme control 1017:1023 arg1 group 1025:1029 the control group 1013:1029 the control group 1013:1029 The composition of the glycocalyx of syncytiotrophoblast in patients of this group did not differ from the control group. 27324102 4 91 theme placental 545:553 arg1 tissues 555:561 placental tissues 545:561 placental tissues 545:561 We analyzed placental tissues in women who had severe or moderate PE and compared them to placentas from women with normal pregnancies. 27324102 8 92 theme acids 1329:1333 arg1 residues 1335:1342 α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues 1308:1342 α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues 1308:1342 The increased content of sialoglycans with α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues were discovered in the syncytium, and the decreased content of α(2,3)-linked sialic acids residues - in the endothelium of terminal villi in preeclampsia. 27324102 3 93 theme tissues 473:479 arg1 analysis 451:458 A histochemical analysis 435:458 METHODS A histochemical analysis of placental tissues 427:479 METHODS A histochemical analysis of placental tissues was performed with a panel of biotinylated lectins. 27324102 5 94 theme SNA 770:772 arg1 lectin 774:779 SNA lectin 770:779 SNA lectin 770:779 RESULTS There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. 27324102 9 95 theme prominent 1519:1527 arg1 alteration 1529:1538 The most prominent alteration 1510:1538 The most prominent alteration of the glycocalyx composition 1510:1568 DISCUSSION The most prominent alteration of the glycocalyx composition was found in the placentas of women with severe preeclampsia. 27324102 2 96 theme glycocalyx 345:354 arg1 chains 335:340 carbohydrate chains 322:340 carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx in placental tissue in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia (PE) 322:424 The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in the structure of carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx in placental tissue in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia (PE). 27324102 8 97 link -linked 1413:1419 arg1 acids 1428:1432 α(2,3)-linked sialic acids 1407:1432 α(2,3)-linked sialic acids 1407:1432 The increased content of sialoglycans with α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues were discovered in the syncytium, and the decreased content of α(2,3)-linked sialic acids residues - in the endothelium of terminal villi in preeclampsia. 27324102 4 98 with women 638:642 arg1 pregnancies 656:666 normal pregnancies 649:666 normal pregnancies 649:666 We analyzed placental tissues in women who had severe or moderate PE and compared them to placentas from women with normal pregnancies. 27324102 2 99 theme chains 335:340 arg1 structure 309:317 the structure 305:317 the structure of carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx in placental tissue in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia (PE) 305:424 The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in the structure of carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx in placental tissue in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia (PE). 27324102 9 100 theme glycocalyx 1547:1556 arg1 composition 1558:1568 the glycocalyx composition 1543:1568 the glycocalyx composition 1543:1568 DISCUSSION The most prominent alteration of the glycocalyx composition was found in the placentas of women with severe preeclampsia. 27324102 8 101 dep syncytium 1367:1375 arg1 residues 1434:1441 residues 1434:1441 residues 1434:1441 The increased content of sialoglycans with α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues were discovered in the syncytium, and the decreased content of α(2,3)-linked sialic acids residues - in the endothelium of terminal villi in preeclampsia. 26774563 0 0 theme cartilage 94:102 arg1 engineering 111:121 customized cartilage tissue engineering 83:121 customized cartilage tissue engineering 83:121 Water-based polyurethane 3D printed scaffolds with controlled release function for customized cartilage tissue engineering. 26774563 5 1 theme chondrogenic 907:918 arg1 differentiation 920:934 the chondrogenic differentiation 903:934 the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs 903:942 These scaffolds promote the self-aggregation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and, with timely release of the bioactive ingredients, induce the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and produce matrix for cartilage repair. 26774563 5 2 theme mesenchymal 811:821 arg1 MSCs 835:838 MSCs 835:838 MSCs 835:838 These scaffolds promote the self-aggregation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and, with timely release of the bioactive ingredients, induce the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and produce matrix for cartilage repair. 26774563 5 2 theme mesenchymal 811:821 arg1 cells 828:832 mesenchymal stem cells 811:832 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 811:839 These scaffolds promote the self-aggregation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and, with timely release of the bioactive ingredients, induce the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and produce matrix for cartilage repair. 26774563 0 3 with scaffolds 36:44 arg1 release 62:68 controlled release 51:68 controlled release 51:68 Water-based polyurethane 3D printed scaffolds with controlled release function for customized cartilage tissue engineering. 26774563 1 4 theme bioactive 177:185 arg1 ingredients 187:197 bioactive ingredients 177:197 bioactive ingredients for controlled release 177:220 Conventional 3D printing may not readily incorporate bioactive ingredients for controlled release because the process often involves the use of heat, organic solvent, or crosslinkers that reduce the bioactivity of the ingredients. 26774563 5 5 dep promote 779:785 arg1 induce 896:901 induce 896:901 induce the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs 896:942 These scaffolds promote the self-aggregation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and, with timely release of the bioactive ingredients, induce the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and produce matrix for cartilage repair. 26774563 0 6 theme customized 83:92 arg1 engineering 111:121 customized cartilage tissue engineering 83:121 customized cartilage tissue engineering 83:121 Water-based polyurethane 3D printed scaffolds with controlled release function for customized cartilage tissue engineering. 26774563 8 7 theme composite 1222:1230 arg1 scaffolds 1232:1240 the 3D printing composite scaffolds 1206:1240 the 3D printing composite scaffolds with controlled release bioactivity 1206:1276 We consider that the 3D printing composite scaffolds with controlled release bioactivity may have potential in customized tissue engineering. 26774563 2 8 theme printing 370:377 arg1 materials 379:387 Water-based 3D printing materials 355:387 Water-based 3D printing materials with controlled bioactivity for customized cartilage tissue engineering 355:459 Water-based 3D printing materials with controlled bioactivity for customized cartilage tissue engineering is developed in this study. 26774563 1 9 theme organic 274:280 arg1 solvent 282:288 organic solvent 274:288 organic solvent 274:288 Conventional 3D printing may not readily incorporate bioactive ingredients for controlled release because the process often involves the use of heat, organic solvent, or crosslinkers that reduce the bioactivity of the ingredients. 26774563 8 10 theme printing 1213:1220 arg1 scaffolds 1232:1240 the 3D printing composite scaffolds 1206:1240 the 3D printing composite scaffolds with controlled release bioactivity 1206:1276 We consider that the 3D printing composite scaffolds with controlled release bioactivity may have potential in customized tissue engineering. 26774563 3 11 theme elastic 581:587 arg1 nanoparticles 589:601 synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles 539:601 synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles 539:601 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 3 12 theme hyaluronan 604:613 arg1 dispersion 525:534 the water dispersion 515:534 the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3 515:695 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 1 13 theme solvent 282:288 arg1 use 261:263 the use 257:263 the use of heat, organic solvent, or crosslinkers that reduce the bioactivity of the ingredients 257:352 Conventional 3D printing may not readily incorporate bioactive ingredients for controlled release because the process often involves the use of heat, organic solvent, or crosslinkers that reduce the bioactivity of the ingredients. 26774563 0 14 theme tissue 104:109 arg1 engineering 111:121 customized cartilage tissue engineering 83:121 customized cartilage tissue engineering 83:121 Water-based polyurethane 3D printed scaffolds with controlled release function for customized cartilage tissue engineering. 26774563 7 15 theme cartilage 1165:1173 arg1 regeneration 1175:1186 cartilage regeneration 1165:1186 cartilage regeneration 1165:1186 Rabbit knee implantation supports the potential of the novel 3D printing scaffolds in cartilage regeneration. 26774563 3 16 theme nanoparticles 589:601 arg1 dispersion 525:534 the water dispersion 515:534 the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3 515:695 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 5 17 theme ingredients 883:893 arg1 release 858:864 timely release 851:864 timely release of the bioactive ingredients 851:893 These scaffolds promote the self-aggregation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and, with timely release of the bioactive ingredients, induce the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and produce matrix for cartilage repair. 26774563 1 18 theme 3D 137:138 arg1 printing 140:147 Conventional 3D printing 124:147 Conventional 3D printing 124:147 Conventional 3D printing may not readily incorporate bioactive ingredients for controlled release because the process often involves the use of heat, organic solvent, or crosslinkers that reduce the bioactivity of the ingredients. 26774563 7 19 theme printing 1143:1150 arg1 scaffolds 1152:1160 the novel 3D printing scaffolds 1130:1160 the novel 3D printing scaffolds in cartilage regeneration 1130:1186 Rabbit knee implantation supports the potential of the novel 3D printing scaffolds in cartilage regeneration. 26774563 3 20 theme PU 577:578 arg1 nanoparticles 589:601 synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles 539:601 synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles 539:601 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 8 21 theme release 1258:1264 arg1 bioactivity 1266:1276 controlled release bioactivity 1247:1276 controlled release bioactivity 1247:1276 We consider that the 3D printing composite scaffolds with controlled release bioactivity may have potential in customized tissue engineering. 26774563 2 22 theme cartilage 432:440 arg1 engineering 449:459 customized cartilage tissue engineering 421:459 customized cartilage tissue engineering 421:459 Water-based 3D printing materials with controlled bioactivity for customized cartilage tissue engineering is developed in this study. 26774563 6 23 theme controlled 1018:1027 arg1 design 1037:1042 the growth factor-free controlled release design 995:1042 the growth factor-free controlled release design 995:1042 Moreover, the growth factor-free controlled release design may prevent cartilage hypertrophy. 26774563 5 24 theme MSCs 939:942 arg1 differentiation 920:934 the chondrogenic differentiation 903:934 the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs 903:942 These scaffolds promote the self-aggregation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and, with timely release of the bioactive ingredients, induce the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and produce matrix for cartilage repair. 26774563 5 25 theme cells 828:832 arg1 self-aggregation 791:806 the self-aggregation 787:806 the self-aggregation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 787:839 These scaffolds promote the self-aggregation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and, with timely release of the bioactive ingredients, induce the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and produce matrix for cartilage repair. 26774563 8 26 with scaffolds 1232:1240 arg1 bioactivity 1266:1276 controlled release bioactivity 1247:1276 controlled release bioactivity 1247:1276 We consider that the 3D printing composite scaffolds with controlled release bioactivity may have potential in customized tissue engineering. 26774563 1 27 theme controlled 203:212 arg1 release 214:220 controlled release 203:220 controlled release 203:220 Conventional 3D printing may not readily incorporate bioactive ingredients for controlled release because the process often involves the use of heat, organic solvent, or crosslinkers that reduce the bioactivity of the ingredients. 26774563 0 28 theme polyurethane 12:23 arg1 scaffolds 36:44 Water-based polyurethane 3D printed scaffolds 0:44 Water-based polyurethane 3D printed scaffolds with controlled release 0:68 Water-based polyurethane 3D printed scaffolds with controlled release function for customized cartilage tissue engineering. 26774563 5 29 theme stem 823:826 arg1 MSCs 835:838 MSCs 835:838 MSCs 835:838 These scaffolds promote the self-aggregation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and, with timely release of the bioactive ingredients, induce the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and produce matrix for cartilage repair. 26774563 5 29 theme stem 823:826 arg1 cells 828:832 mesenchymal stem cells 811:832 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 811:839 These scaffolds promote the self-aggregation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and, with timely release of the bioactive ingredients, induce the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and produce matrix for cartilage repair. 26774563 7 30 theme novel 1134:1138 arg1 scaffolds 1152:1160 the novel 3D printing scaffolds 1130:1160 the novel 3D printing scaffolds in cartilage regeneration 1130:1186 Rabbit knee implantation supports the potential of the novel 3D printing scaffolds in cartilage regeneration. 26774563 5 31 theme cartilage 967:975 arg1 repair 977:982 cartilage repair 967:982 cartilage repair 967:982 These scaffolds promote the self-aggregation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and, with timely release of the bioactive ingredients, induce the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and produce matrix for cartilage repair. 26774563 0 32 theme Water-based 0:10 arg1 scaffolds 36:44 Water-based polyurethane 3D printed scaffolds 0:44 Water-based polyurethane 3D printed scaffolds with controlled release 0:68 Water-based polyurethane 3D printed scaffolds with controlled release function for customized cartilage tissue engineering. 26774563 7 33 theme 3D 1140:1141 arg1 scaffolds 1152:1160 the novel 3D printing scaffolds 1130:1160 the novel 3D printing scaffolds in cartilage regeneration 1130:1186 Rabbit knee implantation supports the potential of the novel 3D printing scaffolds in cartilage regeneration. 26774563 0 34 theme printed 28:34 arg1 scaffolds 36:44 Water-based polyurethane 3D printed scaffolds 0:44 Water-based polyurethane 3D printed scaffolds with controlled release 0:68 Water-based polyurethane 3D printed scaffolds with controlled release function for customized cartilage tissue engineering. 26774563 1 35 theme crosslinkers 294:305 arg1 use 261:263 the use 257:263 the use of heat, organic solvent, or crosslinkers that reduce the bioactivity of the ingredients 257:352 Conventional 3D printing may not readily incorporate bioactive ingredients for controlled release because the process often involves the use of heat, organic solvent, or crosslinkers that reduce the bioactivity of the ingredients. 26774563 8 36 contain have 1282:1285 arg2 potential 1287:1295 potential 1287:1295 potential 1287:1295 We consider that the 3D printing composite scaffolds with controlled release bioactivity may have potential in customized tissue engineering. 26774563 8 36 contain have 1282:1285 arg1 scaffolds 1232:1240 the 3D printing composite scaffolds 1206:1240 the 3D printing composite scaffolds with controlled release bioactivity 1206:1276 We consider that the 3D printing composite scaffolds with controlled release bioactivity may have potential in customized tissue engineering. 26774563 7 37 theme scaffolds 1152:1160 arg1 potential 1117:1125 the potential 1113:1125 the potential of the novel 3D printing scaffolds in cartilage regeneration 1113:1186 Rabbit knee implantation supports the potential of the novel 3D printing scaffolds in cartilage regeneration. 26774563 0 38 theme 3D 25:26 arg1 scaffolds 36:44 Water-based polyurethane 3D printed scaffolds 0:44 Water-based polyurethane 3D printed scaffolds with controlled release 0:68 Water-based polyurethane 3D printed scaffolds with controlled release function for customized cartilage tissue engineering. 26774563 1 39 theme Conventional 124:135 arg1 printing 140:147 Conventional 3D printing 124:147 Conventional 3D printing 124:147 Conventional 3D printing may not readily incorporate bioactive ingredients for controlled release because the process often involves the use of heat, organic solvent, or crosslinkers that reduce the bioactivity of the ingredients. 26774563 3 40 theme polyurethane 563:574 arg1 nanoparticles 589:601 synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles 539:601 synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles 539:601 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 3 41 theme synthetic 539:547 arg1 nanoparticles 589:601 synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles 539:601 synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles 539:601 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 7 42 from scaffolds 1152:1160 arg1 regeneration 1175:1186 cartilage regeneration 1165:1186 cartilage regeneration 1165:1186 Rabbit knee implantation supports the potential of the novel 3D printing scaffolds in cartilage regeneration. 26774563 4 43 theme Compliant 698:706 arg1 scaffolds 708:716 Compliant scaffolds 698:716 Compliant scaffolds 698:716 Compliant scaffolds are printed from the ink at low temperature. 26774563 7 44 from potential 1117:1125 arg1 regeneration 1175:1186 cartilage regeneration 1165:1186 cartilage regeneration 1165:1186 Rabbit knee implantation supports the potential of the novel 3D printing scaffolds in cartilage regeneration. 26774563 3 45 contain contains 506:513 arg1 ink 502:504 The printing ink 489:504 The printing ink 489:504 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 3 45 contain contains 506:513 arg2 dispersion 525:534 the water dispersion 515:534 the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3 515:695 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 5 46 theme bioactive 873:881 arg1 ingredients 883:893 the bioactive ingredients 869:893 the bioactive ingredients 869:893 These scaffolds promote the self-aggregation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and, with timely release of the bioactive ingredients, induce the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and produce matrix for cartilage repair. 26774563 2 47 theme tissue 442:447 arg1 engineering 449:459 customized cartilage tissue engineering 421:459 customized cartilage tissue engineering 421:459 Water-based 3D printing materials with controlled bioactivity for customized cartilage tissue engineering is developed in this study. 26774563 3 48 dep ingredients 630:640 arg1 TGFβ3 642:646 TGFβ3 642:646 TGFβ3 642:646 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 3 48 dep ingredients 630:640 arg1 Y27632 673:678 a small molecule drug Y27632 651:678 a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3 651:695 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 3 48 dep ingredients 630:640 arg1 ingredients 630:640 bioactive ingredients 620:640 bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3 620:695 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 5 49 theme timely 851:856 arg1 release 858:864 timely release 851:864 timely release of the bioactive ingredients 851:893 These scaffolds promote the self-aggregation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and, with timely release of the bioactive ingredients, induce the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and produce matrix for cartilage repair. 26774563 6 50 theme growth 999:1004 arg1 design 1037:1042 the growth factor-free controlled release design 995:1042 the growth factor-free controlled release design 995:1042 Moreover, the growth factor-free controlled release design may prevent cartilage hypertrophy. 26774563 3 51 theme bioactive 620:628 arg1 TGFβ3 642:646 TGFβ3 642:646 TGFβ3 642:646 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 3 51 theme bioactive 620:628 arg1 Y27632 673:678 a small molecule drug Y27632 651:678 a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3 651:695 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 3 51 theme bioactive 620:628 arg1 ingredients 630:640 bioactive ingredients 620:640 bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3 620:695 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 7 52 theme Rabbit 1079:1084 arg1 implantation 1091:1102 Rabbit knee implantation 1079:1102 Rabbit knee implantation 1079:1102 Rabbit knee implantation supports the potential of the novel 3D printing scaffolds in cartilage regeneration. 26774563 2 53 theme 3D 367:368 arg1 materials 379:387 Water-based 3D printing materials 355:387 Water-based 3D printing materials with controlled bioactivity for customized cartilage tissue engineering 355:459 Water-based 3D printing materials with controlled bioactivity for customized cartilage tissue engineering is developed in this study. 26774563 0 54 theme controlled 51:60 arg1 release 62:68 controlled release 51:68 controlled release 51:68 Water-based polyurethane 3D printed scaffolds with controlled release function for customized cartilage tissue engineering. 26774563 7 55 from regeneration 1175:1186 arg1 potential 1117:1125 the potential 1113:1125 the potential of the novel 3D printing scaffolds in cartilage regeneration 1113:1186 Rabbit knee implantation supports the potential of the novel 3D printing scaffolds in cartilage regeneration. 26774563 2 56 with materials 379:387 arg1 bioactivity 405:415 controlled bioactivity 394:415 controlled bioactivity for customized cartilage tissue engineering 394:459 Water-based 3D printing materials with controlled bioactivity for customized cartilage tissue engineering is developed in this study. 26774563 3 57 theme ingredients 630:640 arg1 dispersion 525:534 the water dispersion 515:534 the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3 515:695 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 3 58 theme biodegradable 549:561 arg1 nanoparticles 589:601 synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles 539:601 synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles 539:601 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 2 59 theme Water-based 355:365 arg1 materials 379:387 Water-based 3D printing materials 355:387 Water-based 3D printing materials with controlled bioactivity for customized cartilage tissue engineering 355:459 Water-based 3D printing materials with controlled bioactivity for customized cartilage tissue engineering is developed in this study. 26774563 8 60 theme controlled 1247:1256 arg1 bioactivity 1266:1276 controlled release bioactivity 1247:1276 controlled release bioactivity 1247:1276 We consider that the 3D printing composite scaffolds with controlled release bioactivity may have potential in customized tissue engineering. 26774563 4 61 theme low 746:748 arg1 temperature 750:760 low temperature 746:760 low temperature 746:760 Compliant scaffolds are printed from the ink at low temperature. 26774563 8 62 theme 3D 1210:1211 arg1 scaffolds 1232:1240 the 3D printing composite scaffolds 1206:1240 the 3D printing composite scaffolds with controlled release bioactivity 1206:1276 We consider that the 3D printing composite scaffolds with controlled release bioactivity may have potential in customized tissue engineering. 26774563 3 63 theme molecule 659:666 arg1 Y27632 673:678 a small molecule drug Y27632 651:678 a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3 651:695 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 3 63 theme molecule 659:666 arg1 ingredients 630:640 bioactive ingredients 620:640 bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3 620:695 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 7 64 theme knee 1086:1089 arg1 implantation 1091:1102 Rabbit knee implantation 1079:1102 Rabbit knee implantation 1079:1102 Rabbit knee implantation supports the potential of the novel 3D printing scaffolds in cartilage regeneration. 26774563 8 65 theme customized 1300:1309 arg1 engineering 1318:1328 customized tissue engineering 1300:1328 customized tissue engineering 1300:1328 We consider that the 3D printing composite scaffolds with controlled release bioactivity may have potential in customized tissue engineering. 26774563 3 66 theme drug 668:671 arg1 Y27632 673:678 a small molecule drug Y27632 651:678 a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3 651:695 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 3 66 theme drug 668:671 arg1 ingredients 630:640 bioactive ingredients 620:640 bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3 620:695 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 3 67 theme water 519:523 arg1 dispersion 525:534 the water dispersion 515:534 the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3 515:695 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 3 68 theme printing 493:500 arg1 ink 502:504 The printing ink 489:504 The printing ink 489:504 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 2 69 theme controlled 394:403 arg1 bioactivity 405:415 controlled bioactivity 394:415 controlled bioactivity for customized cartilage tissue engineering 394:459 Water-based 3D printing materials with controlled bioactivity for customized cartilage tissue engineering is developed in this study. 26774563 2 70 theme customized 421:430 arg1 engineering 449:459 customized cartilage tissue engineering 421:459 customized cartilage tissue engineering 421:459 Water-based 3D printing materials with controlled bioactivity for customized cartilage tissue engineering is developed in this study. 26774563 6 71 theme cartilage 1056:1064 arg1 hypertrophy 1066:1076 cartilage hypertrophy 1056:1076 cartilage hypertrophy 1056:1076 Moreover, the growth factor-free controlled release design may prevent cartilage hypertrophy. 26774563 6 72 theme release 1029:1035 arg1 design 1037:1042 the growth factor-free controlled release design 995:1042 the growth factor-free controlled release design 995:1042 Moreover, the growth factor-free controlled release design may prevent cartilage hypertrophy. 26774563 1 73 theme ingredients 342:352 arg1 bioactivity 323:333 the bioactivity 319:333 the bioactivity of the ingredients 319:352 Conventional 3D printing may not readily incorporate bioactive ingredients for controlled release because the process often involves the use of heat, organic solvent, or crosslinkers that reduce the bioactivity of the ingredients. 26774563 3 74 theme small 653:657 arg1 Y27632 673:678 a small molecule drug Y27632 651:678 a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3 651:695 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 3 74 theme small 653:657 arg1 ingredients 630:640 bioactive ingredients 620:640 bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3 620:695 The printing ink contains the water dispersion of synthetic biodegradable polyurethane (PU) elastic nanoparticles, hyaluronan, and bioactive ingredients TGFβ3 or a small molecule drug Y27632 to replace TGFβ3. 26774563 8 75 theme tissue 1311:1316 arg1 engineering 1318:1328 customized tissue engineering 1300:1328 customized tissue engineering 1300:1328 We consider that the 3D printing composite scaffolds with controlled release bioactivity may have potential in customized tissue engineering. 26774563 1 76 theme heat 268:271 arg1 use 261:263 the use 257:263 the use of heat, organic solvent, or crosslinkers that reduce the bioactivity of the ingredients 257:352 Conventional 3D printing may not readily incorporate bioactive ingredients for controlled release because the process often involves the use of heat, organic solvent, or crosslinkers that reduce the bioactivity of the ingredients. 26564982 10 0 theme ratio 1398:1402 arg1 range 1373:1377 a wide range 1366:1377 a wide range of carbon-nitrogen ratio 1366:1402 With the constraint of biomass composition, the cell also has the metabolic plasticity to fix a wide range of carbon-nitrogen ratio. 26564982 6 1 theme intracellular 872:884 arg1 ICTs 900:903 ICTs 900:903 ICTs 900:903 Depending on the physiological conditions of a cell, the transport capacities of intracellular transporters (ICTs) can vary. 26564982 6 1 theme intracellular 872:884 arg1 transporters 886:897 intracellular transporters 872:897 intracellular transporters (ICTs) 872:904 Depending on the physiological conditions of a cell, the transport capacities of intracellular transporters (ICTs) can vary. 26564982 1 2 theme yielding 212:219 arg1 varieties 226:234 efficient stress-tolerant, more nutritious, high yielding rice varieties 163:234 efficient stress-tolerant, more nutritious, high yielding rice varieties 163:234 Due to socio-economic reasons, it is essential to design efficient stress-tolerant, more nutritious, high yielding rice varieties. 26564982 5 3 theme metabolic 738:746 arg1 responses 748:756 the metabolic responses 734:756 the metabolic responses optimizing the cellular economy 734:788 Using the estimated maximum value of biomass synthesis as a constraint, we further simulate the metabolic responses optimizing the cellular economy. 26564982 9 4 theme different 1237:1245 arg1 conditions 1260:1269 the two different optimization conditions 1229:1269 the two different optimization conditions 1229:1269 The predicted biosynthesis pathways vary slightly at the two different optimization conditions. 26564982 10 5 theme carbon-nitrogen 1382:1396 arg1 ratio 1398:1402 carbon-nitrogen ratio 1382:1402 carbon-nitrogen ratio 1382:1402 With the constraint of biomass composition, the cell also has the metabolic plasticity to fix a wide range of carbon-nitrogen ratio. 26564982 7 6 theme physiological 930:942 arg1 state 944:948 this physiological state 925:948 this physiological state 925:948 To mimic this physiological state, we randomly vary the ICTs' transport capacities and investigate their effects. 26564982 0 7 dep increase 88:95 arg1 analysis 13:20 Flux balance analysis 0:20 Flux balance analysis of genome-scale metabolic model of rice (Oryza sativa) 0:75 Flux balance analysis of genome-scale metabolic model of rice (Oryza sativa): aiming to increase biomass. 26564982 1 8 theme rice 221:224 arg1 varieties 226:234 efficient stress-tolerant, more nutritious, high yielding rice varieties 163:234 efficient stress-tolerant, more nutritious, high yielding rice varieties 163:234 Due to socio-economic reasons, it is essential to design efficient stress-tolerant, more nutritious, high yielding rice varieties. 26564982 6 9 theme transporters 886:897 arg1 capacities 858:867 the transport capacities 844:867 the transport capacities of intracellular transporters (ICTs) 844:904 Depending on the physiological conditions of a cell, the transport capacities of intracellular transporters (ICTs) can vary. 26564982 8 10 theme transport 1154:1162 arg1 capacities 1164:1173 the ICTs' transport capacities 1144:1173 the ICTs' transport capacities 1144:1173 The results show that the rice leaf has the potential to increase glycine and starch in a wide range depending on the ICTs' transport capacities. 26564982 3 11 theme any 510:512 arg1 biosynthesis 494:505 the biosynthesis 490:505 the biosynthesis of any of the biomass components 490:538 Here, we analyse a genome-scale metabolic model of rice leaf using Flux Balance Analysis to investigate whether it has potential metabolic flexibility to increase the biosynthesis of any of the biomass components. 26564982 9 12 theme optimization 1247:1258 arg1 conditions 1260:1269 the two different optimization conditions 1229:1269 the two different optimization conditions 1229:1269 The predicted biosynthesis pathways vary slightly at the two different optimization conditions. 26564982 3 13 contain has 442:444 arg1 it 439:440 it 439:440 it 439:440 Here, we analyse a genome-scale metabolic model of rice leaf using Flux Balance Analysis to investigate whether it has potential metabolic flexibility to increase the biosynthesis of any of the biomass components. 26564982 3 13 contain has 442:444 arg2 flexibility 466:476 potential metabolic flexibility 446:476 potential metabolic flexibility to increase the biosynthesis of any of the biomass components 446:538 Here, we analyse a genome-scale metabolic model of rice leaf using Flux Balance Analysis to investigate whether it has potential metabolic flexibility to increase the biosynthesis of any of the biomass components. 26564982 10 14 theme biomass 1295:1301 arg1 composition 1303:1313 biomass composition 1295:1313 biomass composition 1295:1313 With the constraint of biomass composition, the cell also has the metabolic plasticity to fix a wide range of carbon-nitrogen ratio. 26564982 8 15 theme wide 1120:1123 arg1 range 1125:1129 a wide range 1118:1129 a wide range 1118:1129 The results show that the rice leaf has the potential to increase glycine and starch in a wide range depending on the ICTs' transport capacities. 26564982 2 16 theme systematic 239:248 arg1 understanding 250:262 A systematic understanding 237:262 A systematic understanding of the rice cellular metabolism 237:294 A systematic understanding of the rice cellular metabolism is essential for this purpose. 26564982 2 16 theme systematic 239:248 arg1 essential 299:307 essential 299:307 essential 299:307 A systematic understanding of the rice cellular metabolism is essential for this purpose. 26564982 3 17 theme Flux 394:397 arg1 Analysis 407:414 Flux Balance Analysis 394:414 Flux Balance Analysis 394:414 Here, we analyse a genome-scale metabolic model of rice leaf using Flux Balance Analysis to investigate whether it has potential metabolic flexibility to increase the biosynthesis of any of the biomass components. 26564982 5 18 theme cellular 773:780 arg1 economy 782:788 the cellular economy 769:788 the cellular economy 769:788 Using the estimated maximum value of biomass synthesis as a constraint, we further simulate the metabolic responses optimizing the cellular economy. 26564982 10 19 theme wide 1368:1371 arg1 range 1373:1377 a wide range 1366:1377 a wide range of carbon-nitrogen ratio 1366:1402 With the constraint of biomass composition, the cell also has the metabolic plasticity to fix a wide range of carbon-nitrogen ratio. 26564982 3 20 theme genome-scale 346:357 arg1 model 369:373 a genome-scale metabolic model 344:373 a genome-scale metabolic model of rice leaf using Flux Balance Analysis to investigate whether it has potential metabolic flexibility to increase the biosynthesis of any of the biomass components 344:538 Here, we analyse a genome-scale metabolic model of rice leaf using Flux Balance Analysis to investigate whether it has potential metabolic flexibility to increase the biosynthesis of any of the biomass components. 26564982 8 21 theme rice 1056:1059 arg1 leaf 1061:1064 the rice leaf 1052:1064 the rice leaf 1052:1064 The results show that the rice leaf has the potential to increase glycine and starch in a wide range depending on the ICTs' transport capacities. 26564982 3 22 theme Balance 399:405 arg1 Analysis 407:414 Flux Balance Analysis 394:414 Flux Balance Analysis 394:414 Here, we analyse a genome-scale metabolic model of rice leaf using Flux Balance Analysis to investigate whether it has potential metabolic flexibility to increase the biosynthesis of any of the biomass components. 26564982 0 23 theme balance 5:11 arg1 analysis 13:20 Flux balance analysis 0:20 Flux balance analysis of genome-scale metabolic model of rice (Oryza sativa) 0:75 Flux balance analysis of genome-scale metabolic model of rice (Oryza sativa): aiming to increase biomass. 26564982 6 24 theme transport 848:856 arg1 capacities 858:867 the transport capacities 844:867 the transport capacities of intracellular transporters (ICTs) 844:904 Depending on the physiological conditions of a cell, the transport capacities of intracellular transporters (ICTs) can vary. 26564982 2 25 theme metabolism 285:294 arg1 understanding 250:262 A systematic understanding 237:262 A systematic understanding of the rice cellular metabolism 237:294 A systematic understanding of the rice cellular metabolism is essential for this purpose. 26564982 2 25 theme metabolism 285:294 arg1 essential 299:307 essential 299:307 essential 299:307 A systematic understanding of the rice cellular metabolism is essential for this purpose. 26564982 3 26 theme leaf 383:386 arg1 model 369:373 a genome-scale metabolic model 344:373 a genome-scale metabolic model of rice leaf using Flux Balance Analysis to investigate whether it has potential metabolic flexibility to increase the biosynthesis of any of the biomass components 344:538 Here, we analyse a genome-scale metabolic model of rice leaf using Flux Balance Analysis to investigate whether it has potential metabolic flexibility to increase the biosynthesis of any of the biomass components. 26564982 0 27 theme Flux 0:3 arg1 analysis 13:20 Flux balance analysis 0:20 Flux balance analysis of genome-scale metabolic model of rice (Oryza sativa) 0:75 Flux balance analysis of genome-scale metabolic model of rice (Oryza sativa): aiming to increase biomass. 26564982 0 28 dep Oryza 63:67 arg1 sativa 69:74 Oryza sativa 63:74 Oryza sativa 63:74 Flux balance analysis of genome-scale metabolic model of rice (Oryza sativa): aiming to increase biomass. 26564982 2 29 theme rice 271:274 arg1 metabolism 285:294 the rice cellular metabolism 267:294 the rice cellular metabolism 267:294 A systematic understanding of the rice cellular metabolism is essential for this purpose. 26564982 2 30 theme cellular 276:283 arg1 metabolism 285:294 the rice cellular metabolism 267:294 the rice cellular metabolism 267:294 A systematic understanding of the rice cellular metabolism is essential for this purpose. 26564982 5 31 theme biomass 679:685 arg1 synthesis 687:695 biomass synthesis 679:695 biomass synthesis 679:695 Using the estimated maximum value of biomass synthesis as a constraint, we further simulate the metabolic responses optimizing the cellular economy. 26564982 3 32 theme biomass 521:527 arg1 components 529:538 the biomass components 517:538 the biomass components 517:538 Here, we analyse a genome-scale metabolic model of rice leaf using Flux Balance Analysis to investigate whether it has potential metabolic flexibility to increase the biosynthesis of any of the biomass components. 26564982 10 33 dep composition 1303:1313 arg1 constraint 1281:1290 constraint 1281:1290 constraint 1281:1290 With the constraint of biomass composition, the cell also has the metabolic plasticity to fix a wide range of carbon-nitrogen ratio. 26564982 10 33 dep composition 1303:1313 arg1 the 1277:1279 the 1277:1279 the 1277:1279 With the constraint of biomass composition, the cell also has the metabolic plasticity to fix a wide range of carbon-nitrogen ratio. 26564982 1 34 theme efficient 163:171 arg1 varieties 226:234 efficient stress-tolerant, more nutritious, high yielding rice varieties 163:234 efficient stress-tolerant, more nutritious, high yielding rice varieties 163:234 Due to socio-economic reasons, it is essential to design efficient stress-tolerant, more nutritious, high yielding rice varieties. 26564982 0 35 theme metabolic 38:46 arg1 model 48:52 genome-scale metabolic model 25:52 genome-scale metabolic model of rice (Oryza sativa) 25:75 Flux balance analysis of genome-scale metabolic model of rice (Oryza sativa): aiming to increase biomass. 26564982 5 36 theme synthesis 687:695 arg1 value 670:674 the estimated maximum value 648:674 the estimated maximum value of biomass synthesis 648:695 Using the estimated maximum value of biomass synthesis as a constraint, we further simulate the metabolic responses optimizing the cellular economy. 26564982 5 36 theme synthesis 687:695 arg1 constraint 702:711 a constraint 700:711 a constraint 700:711 Using the estimated maximum value of biomass synthesis as a constraint, we further simulate the metabolic responses optimizing the cellular economy. 26564982 1 37 theme stress-tolerant 173:187 arg1 varieties 226:234 efficient stress-tolerant, more nutritious, high yielding rice varieties 163:234 efficient stress-tolerant, more nutritious, high yielding rice varieties 163:234 Due to socio-economic reasons, it is essential to design efficient stress-tolerant, more nutritious, high yielding rice varieties. 26564982 0 38 theme genome-scale 25:36 arg1 model 48:52 genome-scale metabolic model 25:52 genome-scale metabolic model of rice (Oryza sativa) 25:75 Flux balance analysis of genome-scale metabolic model of rice (Oryza sativa): aiming to increase biomass. 26564982 3 39 theme rice 378:381 arg1 leaf 383:386 rice leaf 378:386 rice leaf using Flux Balance Analysis to investigate whether it has potential metabolic flexibility to increase the biosynthesis of any of the biomass components 378:538 Here, we analyse a genome-scale metabolic model of rice leaf using Flux Balance Analysis to investigate whether it has potential metabolic flexibility to increase the biosynthesis of any of the biomass components. 26564982 6 40 theme cell 838:841 arg1 conditions 822:831 the physiological conditions 804:831 the physiological conditions of a cell 804:841 Depending on the physiological conditions of a cell, the transport capacities of intracellular transporters (ICTs) can vary. 26564982 3 41 theme metabolic 359:367 arg1 model 369:373 a genome-scale metabolic model 344:373 a genome-scale metabolic model of rice leaf using Flux Balance Analysis to investigate whether it has potential metabolic flexibility to increase the biosynthesis of any of the biomass components 344:538 Here, we analyse a genome-scale metabolic model of rice leaf using Flux Balance Analysis to investigate whether it has potential metabolic flexibility to increase the biosynthesis of any of the biomass components. 26564982 9 42 theme biosynthesis 1190:1201 arg1 pathways 1203:1210 The predicted biosynthesis pathways 1176:1210 The predicted biosynthesis pathways 1176:1210 The predicted biosynthesis pathways vary slightly at the two different optimization conditions. 26564982 9 43 theme predicted 1180:1188 arg1 pathways 1203:1210 The predicted biosynthesis pathways 1176:1210 The predicted biosynthesis pathways 1176:1210 The predicted biosynthesis pathways vary slightly at the two different optimization conditions. 26564982 7 44 theme transport 978:986 arg1 capacities 988:997 the ICTs' transport capacities 968:997 the ICTs' transport capacities 968:997 To mimic this physiological state, we randomly vary the ICTs' transport capacities and investigate their effects. 26564982 3 45 theme potential 446:454 arg1 flexibility 466:476 potential metabolic flexibility 446:476 potential metabolic flexibility to increase the biosynthesis of any of the biomass components 446:538 Here, we analyse a genome-scale metabolic model of rice leaf using Flux Balance Analysis to investigate whether it has potential metabolic flexibility to increase the biosynthesis of any of the biomass components. 26564982 0 46 theme model 48:52 arg1 analysis 13:20 Flux balance analysis 0:20 Flux balance analysis of genome-scale metabolic model of rice (Oryza sativa) 0:75 Flux balance analysis of genome-scale metabolic model of rice (Oryza sativa): aiming to increase biomass. 26564982 5 47 theme estimated 652:660 arg1 value 670:674 the estimated maximum value 648:674 the estimated maximum value of biomass synthesis 648:695 Using the estimated maximum value of biomass synthesis as a constraint, we further simulate the metabolic responses optimizing the cellular economy. 26564982 5 47 theme estimated 652:660 arg1 constraint 702:711 a constraint 700:711 a constraint 700:711 Using the estimated maximum value of biomass synthesis as a constraint, we further simulate the metabolic responses optimizing the cellular economy. 26564982 3 48 theme metabolic 456:464 arg1 flexibility 466:476 potential metabolic flexibility 446:476 potential metabolic flexibility to increase the biosynthesis of any of the biomass components 446:538 Here, we analyse a genome-scale metabolic model of rice leaf using Flux Balance Analysis to investigate whether it has potential metabolic flexibility to increase the biosynthesis of any of the biomass components. 26564982 5 49 theme maximum 662:668 arg1 value 670:674 the estimated maximum value 648:674 the estimated maximum value of biomass synthesis 648:695 Using the estimated maximum value of biomass synthesis as a constraint, we further simulate the metabolic responses optimizing the cellular economy. 26564982 5 49 theme maximum 662:668 arg1 constraint 702:711 a constraint 700:711 a constraint 700:711 Using the estimated maximum value of biomass synthesis as a constraint, we further simulate the metabolic responses optimizing the cellular economy. 26564982 1 50 dep stress-tolerant 173:187 arg1 high 207:210 high 207:210 high 207:210 Due to socio-economic reasons, it is essential to design efficient stress-tolerant, more nutritious, high yielding rice varieties. 26564982 1 50 dep stress-tolerant 173:187 arg1 nutritious 195:204 nutritious 195:204 nutritious 195:204 Due to socio-economic reasons, it is essential to design efficient stress-tolerant, more nutritious, high yielding rice varieties. 26564982 10 51 theme metabolic 1338:1346 arg1 plasticity 1348:1357 the metabolic plasticity 1334:1357 the metabolic plasticity to fix a wide range of carbon-nitrogen ratio 1334:1402 With the constraint of biomass composition, the cell also has the metabolic plasticity to fix a wide range of carbon-nitrogen ratio. 26564982 10 52 contain has 1330:1332 arg2 plasticity 1348:1357 the metabolic plasticity 1334:1357 the metabolic plasticity to fix a wide range of carbon-nitrogen ratio 1334:1402 With the constraint of biomass composition, the cell also has the metabolic plasticity to fix a wide range of carbon-nitrogen ratio. 26564982 10 52 contain has 1330:1332 arg1 cell 1320:1323 the cell 1316:1323 the cell 1316:1323 With the constraint of biomass composition, the cell also has the metabolic plasticity to fix a wide range of carbon-nitrogen ratio. 26564982 6 53 theme physiological 808:820 arg1 conditions 822:831 the physiological conditions 804:831 the physiological conditions of a cell 804:841 Depending on the physiological conditions of a cell, the transport capacities of intracellular transporters (ICTs) can vary. 26564982 8 54 contain has 1066:1068 arg2 potential 1074:1082 the potential to increase glycine and starch in a wide range 1070:1129 the potential to increase glycine and starch in a wide range 1070:1129 The results show that the rice leaf has the potential to increase glycine and starch in a wide range depending on the ICTs' transport capacities. 26564982 8 54 contain has 1066:1068 arg1 leaf 1061:1064 the rice leaf 1052:1064 the rice leaf 1052:1064 The results show that the rice leaf has the potential to increase glycine and starch in a wide range depending on the ICTs' transport capacities. 26564982 4 55 theme metabolic 567:575 arg1 responses 577:585 the metabolic responses 563:585 the metabolic responses 563:585 We initially simulate the metabolic responses under an objective to maximize the biomass components. 26564982 4 56 theme biomass 622:628 arg1 components 630:639 the biomass components 618:639 the biomass components 618:639 We initially simulate the metabolic responses under an objective to maximize the biomass components. 26564982 0 57 theme rice 57:60 arg1 model 48:52 genome-scale metabolic model 25:52 genome-scale metabolic model of rice (Oryza sativa) 25:75 Flux balance analysis of genome-scale metabolic model of rice (Oryza sativa): aiming to increase biomass. 26564982 1 58 theme socio-economic 113:126 arg1 reasons 128:134 socio-economic reasons 113:134 socio-economic reasons 113:134 Due to socio-economic reasons, it is essential to design efficient stress-tolerant, more nutritious, high yielding rice varieties. 23598352 7 0 from dysbiosis 1032:1040 arg1 mice 1072:1075 WT and transgenic CEABAC10 mice 1045:1075 WT and transgenic CEABAC10 mice 1045:1075 RESULTS HF/HS diet led to dysbiosis in WT and transgenic CEABAC10 mice, with a particular increase in E coli population in HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice. 23598352 6 1 theme Barrier 780:786 arg1 function 788:795 Barrier function 780:795 Barrier function 780:795 Barrier function and inflammatory response were assessed by studying intestinal permeability, tight junction protein and mucin expression and localisation, and by determining histological score and levels of cytokine release. 23598352 6 2 theme junction 880:887 arg1 protein 889:895 tight junction protein 874:895 tight junction protein 874:895 Barrier function and inflammatory response were assessed by studying intestinal permeability, tight junction protein and mucin expression and localisation, and by determining histological score and levels of cytokine release. 23598352 10 3 theme gut 1547:1549 arg1 colonisation 1551:1562 AIEC gut colonisation 1542:1562 AIEC gut colonisation in genetically susceptible mice 1542:1594 CONCLUSIONS Western diet induces changes in gut microbiota composition, alters host homeostasis and promotes AIEC gut colonisation in genetically susceptible mice. 23598352 5 4 theme Colonic 623:629 arg1 composition 642:652 Colonic microbiota composition 623:652 Colonic microbiota composition 623:652 DESIGN Colonic microbiota composition and susceptibility of CEABAC10 mice to AIEC LF82 bacteria infection were determined in mice fed a conventional or HF/HS diet. 23598352 9 5 theme gut 1394:1396 arg1 mucosa 1398:1403 the gut mucosa 1390:1403 the gut mucosa 1390:1403 These modifications led to a higher ability of AIEC bacteria to colonise the gut mucosa and to induce inflammation. 23598352 8 6 theme increased 1205:1213 arg1 permeability 1226:1237 increased intestinal permeability 1205:1237 increased intestinal permeability 1205:1237 These mice showed decreased mucus layer thickness, increased intestinal permeability, induction of Nod2 and Tlr5 gene transcription, and increased TNFα secretion. 23598352 11 7 theme CD 1651:1652 arg1 aetiology 1638:1646 the multifactorial aetiology 1619:1646 the multifactorial aetiology of CD 1619:1652 These results support the multifactorial aetiology of CD and highlight the importance of diet in CD pathogenesis. 23598352 0 8 theme Western 0:6 arg1 diet 8:11 Western diet 0:11 Western diet 0:11 Western diet induces dysbiosis with increased E coli in CEABAC10 mice, alters host barrier function favouring AIEC colonisation. 23598352 1 9 theme risk 157:160 arg1 factor 162:167 a risk factor 155:167 a risk factor for Crohn's disease (CD) 155:192 OBJECTIVE Western diet is a risk factor for Crohn's disease (CD). 23598352 1 9 theme risk 157:160 arg1 diet 147:150 OBJECTIVE Western diet 129:150 OBJECTIVE Western diet 129:150 OBJECTIVE Western diet is a risk factor for Crohn's disease (CD). 23598352 6 10 theme intestinal 849:858 arg1 permeability 860:871 intestinal permeability 849:871 intestinal permeability 849:871 Barrier function and inflammatory response were assessed by studying intestinal permeability, tight junction protein and mucin expression and localisation, and by determining histological score and levels of cytokine release. 23598352 10 11 theme susceptible 1579:1589 arg1 mice 1591:1594 genetically susceptible mice 1567:1594 genetically susceptible mice 1567:1594 CONCLUSIONS Western diet induces changes in gut microbiota composition, alters host homeostasis and promotes AIEC gut colonisation in genetically susceptible mice. 23598352 4 12 from effects 427:433 arg1 susceptibility 534:547 susceptibility 534:547 susceptibility to infection 534:560 We assessed the effects of a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet on gut microbiota composition, barrier integrity and susceptibility to infection in transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs. 23598352 4 12 from effects 427:433 arg1 composition 499:509 gut microbiota composition 484:509 gut microbiota composition 484:509 We assessed the effects of a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet on gut microbiota composition, barrier integrity and susceptibility to infection in transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs. 23598352 4 12 from effects 427:433 arg1 integrity 520:528 barrier integrity 512:528 barrier integrity 512:528 We assessed the effects of a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet on gut microbiota composition, barrier integrity and susceptibility to infection in transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs. 23598352 5 13 theme CEABAC10 676:683 arg1 mice 685:688 CEABAC10 mice 676:688 CEABAC10 mice 676:688 DESIGN Colonic microbiota composition and susceptibility of CEABAC10 mice to AIEC LF82 bacteria infection were determined in mice fed a conventional or HF/HS diet. 23598352 8 14 theme mucus 1182:1186 arg1 thickness 1194:1202 decreased mucus layer thickness 1172:1202 decreased mucus layer thickness 1172:1202 These mice showed decreased mucus layer thickness, increased intestinal permeability, induction of Nod2 and Tlr5 gene transcription, and increased TNFα secretion. 23598352 8 15 theme Nod2 1253:1256 arg1 transcription 1272:1284 Nod2 and Tlr5 gene transcription 1253:1284 transcription 1272:1284 These mice showed decreased mucus layer thickness, increased intestinal permeability, induction of Nod2 and Tlr5 gene transcription, and increased TNFα secretion. 23598352 8 16 theme Tlr5 1262:1265 arg1 transcription 1272:1284 Nod2 and Tlr5 gene transcription 1253:1284 transcription 1272:1284 These mice showed decreased mucus layer thickness, increased intestinal permeability, induction of Nod2 and Tlr5 gene transcription, and increased TNFα secretion. 23598352 8 17 theme transcription 1272:1284 arg1 induction 1240:1248 induction 1240:1248 induction of Nod2 and Tlr5 gene transcription 1240:1284 These mice showed decreased mucus layer thickness, increased intestinal permeability, induction of Nod2 and Tlr5 gene transcription, and increased TNFα secretion. 23598352 8 17 theme transcription 1272:1284 arg1 secretion 1306:1314 increased TNFα secretion 1291:1314 increased TNFα secretion 1291:1314 These mice showed decreased mucus layer thickness, increased intestinal permeability, induction of Nod2 and Tlr5 gene transcription, and increased TNFα secretion. 23598352 8 17 theme transcription 1272:1284 arg1 permeability 1226:1237 increased intestinal permeability 1205:1237 increased intestinal permeability 1205:1237 These mice showed decreased mucus layer thickness, increased intestinal permeability, induction of Nod2 and Tlr5 gene transcription, and increased TNFα secretion. 23598352 8 17 theme transcription 1272:1284 arg1 thickness 1194:1202 decreased mucus layer thickness 1172:1202 decreased mucus layer thickness 1172:1202 These mice showed decreased mucus layer thickness, increased intestinal permeability, induction of Nod2 and Tlr5 gene transcription, and increased TNFα secretion. 23598352 2 18 theme adhesion 233:240 arg1 CEACAM6 254:260 CEACAM6 254:260 CEACAM6 254:260 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is abnormally expressed in CD patients. 23598352 2 18 theme adhesion 233:240 arg1 molecule 242:249 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 195:251 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) 195:261 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is abnormally expressed in CD patients. 23598352 2 19 theme antigen-related 212:226 arg1 CEACAM6 254:260 CEACAM6 254:260 CEACAM6 254:260 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is abnormally expressed in CD patients. 23598352 2 19 theme antigen-related 212:226 arg1 molecule 242:249 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 195:251 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) 195:261 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is abnormally expressed in CD patients. 23598352 1 20 theme Western 139:145 arg1 factor 162:167 a risk factor 155:167 a risk factor for Crohn's disease (CD) 155:192 OBJECTIVE Western diet is a risk factor for Crohn's disease (CD). 23598352 1 20 theme Western 139:145 arg1 diet 147:150 OBJECTIVE Western diet 129:150 OBJECTIVE Western diet 129:150 OBJECTIVE Western diet is a risk factor for Crohn's disease (CD). 23598352 6 21 theme cytokine 988:995 arg1 release 997:1003 cytokine release 988:1003 cytokine release 988:1003 Barrier function and inflammatory response were assessed by studying intestinal permeability, tight junction protein and mucin expression and localisation, and by determining histological score and levels of cytokine release. 23598352 4 22 theme fat/high 445:452 arg1 diet 476:479 a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet 438:479 a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet 438:479 We assessed the effects of a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet on gut microbiota composition, barrier integrity and susceptibility to infection in transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs. 23598352 8 23 theme TNFα 1301:1304 arg1 secretion 1306:1314 increased TNFα secretion 1291:1314 increased TNFα secretion 1291:1314 These mice showed decreased mucus layer thickness, increased intestinal permeability, induction of Nod2 and Tlr5 gene transcription, and increased TNFα secretion. 23598352 11 24 from importance 1672:1681 arg1 pathogenesis 1697:1708 CD pathogenesis 1694:1708 CD pathogenesis 1694:1708 These results support the multifactorial aetiology of CD and highlight the importance of diet in CD pathogenesis. 23598352 7 25 from population 1115:1124 arg1 mice 1148:1151 HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice 1129:1151 HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice 1129:1151 RESULTS HF/HS diet led to dysbiosis in WT and transgenic CEABAC10 mice, with a particular increase in E coli population in HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice. 23598352 10 26 theme Western 1445:1451 arg1 diet 1453:1456 CONCLUSIONS Western diet 1433:1456 CONCLUSIONS Western diet 1433:1456 CONCLUSIONS Western diet induces changes in gut microbiota composition, alters host homeostasis and promotes AIEC gut colonisation in genetically susceptible mice. 23598352 0 27 theme barrier 83:89 arg1 function 91:98 host barrier function 78:98 host barrier function favouring AIEC colonisation 78:126 Western diet induces dysbiosis with increased E coli in CEABAC10 mice, alters host barrier function favouring AIEC colonisation. 23598352 0 28 theme increased 36:44 arg1 coli 48:51 increased E coli 36:51 increased E coli in CEABAC10 mice 36:68 Western diet induces dysbiosis with increased E coli in CEABAC10 mice, alters host barrier function favouring AIEC colonisation. 23598352 5 29 dep DESIGN 616:621 arg1 composition 642:652 Colonic microbiota composition 623:652 Colonic microbiota composition 623:652 DESIGN Colonic microbiota composition and susceptibility of CEABAC10 mice to AIEC LF82 bacteria infection were determined in mice fed a conventional or HF/HS diet. 23598352 7 30 dep RESULTS 1006:1012 arg1 led 1025:1027 led 1025:1027 led 1025:1027 RESULTS HF/HS diet led to dysbiosis in WT and transgenic CEABAC10 mice, with a particular increase in E coli population in HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice. 23598352 4 31 from composition 499:509 arg1 mice 585:588 transgenic CEABAC10 mice 565:588 transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs 565:613 We assessed the effects of a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet on gut microbiota composition, barrier integrity and susceptibility to infection in transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs. 23598352 4 32 theme gut 484:486 arg1 composition 499:509 gut microbiota composition 484:509 gut microbiota composition 484:509 We assessed the effects of a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet on gut microbiota composition, barrier integrity and susceptibility to infection in transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs. 23598352 7 33 theme HF/HS-fed 1129:1137 arg1 mice 1148:1151 HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice 1129:1151 HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice 1129:1151 RESULTS HF/HS diet led to dysbiosis in WT and transgenic CEABAC10 mice, with a particular increase in E coli population in HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice. 23598352 3 34 theme gut 373:375 arg1 mucosa 377:382 the gut mucosa 369:382 the gut mucosa 369:382 This allows adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) to colonise the gut mucosa and leads to inflammation. 23598352 4 35 theme Western 468:474 arg1 diet 476:479 a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet 438:479 a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet 438:479 We assessed the effects of a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet on gut microbiota composition, barrier integrity and susceptibility to infection in transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs. 23598352 0 36 theme E 46:46 arg1 coli 48:51 increased E coli 36:51 increased E coli in CEABAC10 mice 36:68 Western diet induces dysbiosis with increased E coli in CEABAC10 mice, alters host barrier function favouring AIEC colonisation. 23598352 7 37 from increase 1096:1103 arg1 population 1115:1124 E coli population 1108:1124 E coli population in HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice 1108:1151 RESULTS HF/HS diet led to dysbiosis in WT and transgenic CEABAC10 mice, with a particular increase in E coli population in HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice. 23598352 10 38 theme microbiota 1481:1490 arg1 composition 1492:1502 gut microbiota composition 1477:1502 gut microbiota composition 1477:1502 CONCLUSIONS Western diet induces changes in gut microbiota composition, alters host homeostasis and promotes AIEC gut colonisation in genetically susceptible mice. 23598352 10 39 from colonisation 1551:1562 arg1 mice 1591:1594 genetically susceptible mice 1567:1594 genetically susceptible mice 1567:1594 CONCLUSIONS Western diet induces changes in gut microbiota composition, alters host homeostasis and promotes AIEC gut colonisation in genetically susceptible mice. 23598352 0 40 dep induces 13:19 arg1 alters 71:76 alters 71:76 alters host barrier function favouring AIEC colonisation 71:126 Western diet induces dysbiosis with increased E coli in CEABAC10 mice, alters host barrier function favouring AIEC colonisation. 23598352 9 41 theme AIEC 1364:1367 arg1 bacteria 1369:1376 AIEC bacteria 1364:1376 AIEC bacteria 1364:1376 These modifications led to a higher ability of AIEC bacteria to colonise the gut mucosa and to induce inflammation. 23598352 6 42 theme mucin 901:905 arg1 expression 907:916 mucin expression 901:916 mucin expression 901:916 Barrier function and inflammatory response were assessed by studying intestinal permeability, tight junction protein and mucin expression and localisation, and by determining histological score and levels of cytokine release. 23598352 10 43 from changes 1466:1472 arg1 composition 1492:1502 gut microbiota composition 1477:1502 gut microbiota composition 1477:1502 CONCLUSIONS Western diet induces changes in gut microbiota composition, alters host homeostasis and promotes AIEC gut colonisation in genetically susceptible mice. 23598352 10 44 theme host 1512:1515 arg1 homeostasis 1517:1527 host homeostasis 1512:1527 host homeostasis 1512:1527 CONCLUSIONS Western diet induces changes in gut microbiota composition, alters host homeostasis and promotes AIEC gut colonisation in genetically susceptible mice. 23598352 7 45 theme particular 1085:1094 arg1 increase 1096:1103 a particular increase 1083:1103 a particular increase in E coli population in HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice 1083:1151 RESULTS HF/HS diet led to dysbiosis in WT and transgenic CEABAC10 mice, with a particular increase in E coli population in HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice. 23598352 4 46 theme barrier 512:518 arg1 integrity 520:528 barrier integrity 512:528 barrier integrity 512:528 We assessed the effects of a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet on gut microbiota composition, barrier integrity and susceptibility to infection in transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs. 23598352 11 47 theme multifactorial 1623:1636 arg1 aetiology 1638:1646 the multifactorial aetiology 1619:1646 the multifactorial aetiology of CD 1619:1652 These results support the multifactorial aetiology of CD and highlight the importance of diet in CD pathogenesis. 23598352 6 48 theme tight 874:878 arg1 protein 889:895 tight junction protein 874:895 tight junction protein 874:895 Barrier function and inflammatory response were assessed by studying intestinal permeability, tight junction protein and mucin expression and localisation, and by determining histological score and levels of cytokine release. 23598352 10 49 theme AIEC 1542:1545 arg1 colonisation 1551:1562 AIEC gut colonisation 1542:1562 AIEC gut colonisation in genetically susceptible mice 1542:1594 CONCLUSIONS Western diet induces changes in gut microbiota composition, alters host homeostasis and promotes AIEC gut colonisation in genetically susceptible mice. 23598352 7 50 theme E 1108:1108 arg1 population 1115:1124 E coli population 1108:1124 E coli population in HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice 1108:1151 RESULTS HF/HS diet led to dysbiosis in WT and transgenic CEABAC10 mice, with a particular increase in E coli population in HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice. 23598352 7 51 theme transgenic 1052:1061 arg1 mice 1072:1075 WT and transgenic CEABAC10 mice 1045:1075 WT and transgenic CEABAC10 mice 1045:1075 RESULTS HF/HS diet led to dysbiosis in WT and transgenic CEABAC10 mice, with a particular increase in E coli population in HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice. 23598352 6 52 theme histological 955:966 arg1 score 968:972 histological score 955:972 histological score 955:972 Barrier function and inflammatory response were assessed by studying intestinal permeability, tight junction protein and mucin expression and localisation, and by determining histological score and levels of cytokine release. 23598352 7 53 theme CEABAC10 1063:1070 arg1 mice 1072:1075 WT and transgenic CEABAC10 mice 1045:1075 WT and transgenic CEABAC10 mice 1045:1075 RESULTS HF/HS diet led to dysbiosis in WT and transgenic CEABAC10 mice, with a particular increase in E coli population in HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice. 23598352 8 54 theme intestinal 1215:1224 arg1 permeability 1226:1237 increased intestinal permeability 1205:1237 increased intestinal permeability 1205:1237 These mice showed decreased mucus layer thickness, increased intestinal permeability, induction of Nod2 and Tlr5 gene transcription, and increased TNFα secretion. 23598352 7 55 theme WT 1045:1046 arg1 mice 1072:1075 WT and transgenic CEABAC10 mice 1045:1075 WT and transgenic CEABAC10 mice 1045:1075 RESULTS HF/HS diet led to dysbiosis in WT and transgenic CEABAC10 mice, with a particular increase in E coli population in HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice. 23598352 4 56 theme CEABAC10 576:583 arg1 mice 585:588 transgenic CEABAC10 mice 565:588 transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs 565:613 We assessed the effects of a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet on gut microbiota composition, barrier integrity and susceptibility to infection in transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs. 23598352 5 57 theme mice 685:688 arg1 susceptibility 658:671 susceptibility 658:671 susceptibility of CEABAC10 mice to AIEC LF82 bacteria infection 658:720 DESIGN Colonic microbiota composition and susceptibility of CEABAC10 mice to AIEC LF82 bacteria infection were determined in mice fed a conventional or HF/HS diet. 23598352 5 57 theme mice 685:688 arg1 DESIGN 616:621 DESIGN 616:621 DESIGN 616:621 DESIGN Colonic microbiota composition and susceptibility of CEABAC10 mice to AIEC LF82 bacteria infection were determined in mice fed a conventional or HF/HS diet. 23598352 2 58 theme Carcinoembryonic 195:210 arg1 CEACAM6 254:260 CEACAM6 254:260 CEACAM6 254:260 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is abnormally expressed in CD patients. 23598352 2 58 theme Carcinoembryonic 195:210 arg1 molecule 242:249 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 195:251 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) 195:261 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is abnormally expressed in CD patients. 23598352 8 59 theme decreased 1172:1180 arg1 thickness 1194:1202 decreased mucus layer thickness 1172:1202 decreased mucus layer thickness 1172:1202 These mice showed decreased mucus layer thickness, increased intestinal permeability, induction of Nod2 and Tlr5 gene transcription, and increased TNFα secretion. 23598352 9 60 dep ability 1353:1359 arg1 colonise 1381:1388 colonise 1381:1388 to colonise the gut mucosa 1378:1403 These modifications led to a higher ability of AIEC bacteria to colonise the gut mucosa and to induce inflammation. 23598352 9 60 dep ability 1353:1359 arg1 induce 1412:1417 induce 1412:1417 to induce inflammation 1409:1430 These modifications led to a higher ability of AIEC bacteria to colonise the gut mucosa and to induce inflammation. 23598352 4 61 theme diet 476:479 arg1 effects 427:433 the effects 423:433 the effects of a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet on gut microbiota composition, barrier integrity and susceptibility to infection in transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs 423:613 We assessed the effects of a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet on gut microbiota composition, barrier integrity and susceptibility to infection in transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs. 23598352 5 62 theme AIEC 693:696 arg1 infection 712:720 AIEC LF82 bacteria infection 693:720 AIEC LF82 bacteria infection 693:720 DESIGN Colonic microbiota composition and susceptibility of CEABAC10 mice to AIEC LF82 bacteria infection were determined in mice fed a conventional or HF/HS diet. 23598352 5 63 theme microbiota 631:640 arg1 composition 642:652 Colonic microbiota composition 623:652 Colonic microbiota composition 623:652 DESIGN Colonic microbiota composition and susceptibility of CEABAC10 mice to AIEC LF82 bacteria infection were determined in mice fed a conventional or HF/HS diet. 23598352 8 64 theme layer 1188:1192 arg1 thickness 1194:1202 decreased mucus layer thickness 1172:1202 decreased mucus layer thickness 1172:1202 These mice showed decreased mucus layer thickness, increased intestinal permeability, induction of Nod2 and Tlr5 gene transcription, and increased TNFα secretion. 23598352 0 65 theme AIEC 110:113 arg1 colonisation 115:126 AIEC colonisation 110:126 AIEC colonisation 110:126 Western diet induces dysbiosis with increased E coli in CEABAC10 mice, alters host barrier function favouring AIEC colonisation. 23598352 7 66 theme HF/HS 1014:1018 arg1 diet 1020:1023 HF/HS diet 1014:1023 HF/HS diet 1014:1023 RESULTS HF/HS diet led to dysbiosis in WT and transgenic CEABAC10 mice, with a particular increase in E coli population in HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice. 23598352 8 67 theme gene 1267:1270 arg1 transcription 1272:1284 Nod2 and Tlr5 gene transcription 1253:1284 transcription 1272:1284 These mice showed decreased mucus layer thickness, increased intestinal permeability, induction of Nod2 and Tlr5 gene transcription, and increased TNFα secretion. 23598352 0 68 theme CEABAC10 56:63 arg1 mice 65:68 CEABAC10 mice 56:68 CEABAC10 mice 56:68 Western diet induces dysbiosis with increased E coli in CEABAC10 mice, alters host barrier function favouring AIEC colonisation. 23598352 2 69 theme cell 228:231 arg1 CEACAM6 254:260 CEACAM6 254:260 CEACAM6 254:260 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is abnormally expressed in CD patients. 23598352 2 69 theme cell 228:231 arg1 molecule 242:249 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 195:251 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) 195:261 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is abnormally expressed in CD patients. 23598352 1 70 theme OBJECTIVE 129:137 arg1 factor 162:167 a risk factor 155:167 a risk factor for Crohn's disease (CD) 155:192 OBJECTIVE Western diet is a risk factor for Crohn's disease (CD). 23598352 1 70 theme OBJECTIVE 129:137 arg1 diet 147:150 OBJECTIVE Western diet 129:150 OBJECTIVE Western diet 129:150 OBJECTIVE Western diet is a risk factor for Crohn's disease (CD). 23598352 6 71 theme release 997:1003 arg1 levels 978:983 levels 978:983 levels of cytokine release 978:1003 Barrier function and inflammatory response were assessed by studying intestinal permeability, tight junction protein and mucin expression and localisation, and by determining histological score and levels of cytokine release. 23598352 6 71 theme release 997:1003 arg1 score 968:972 histological score 955:972 histological score 955:972 Barrier function and inflammatory response were assessed by studying intestinal permeability, tight junction protein and mucin expression and localisation, and by determining histological score and levels of cytokine release. 23598352 4 72 theme sugar 454:458 arg1 diet 476:479 a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet 438:479 a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet 438:479 We assessed the effects of a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet on gut microbiota composition, barrier integrity and susceptibility to infection in transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs. 23598352 4 73 theme HF/HS 461:465 arg1 diet 476:479 a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet 438:479 a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet 438:479 We assessed the effects of a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet on gut microbiota composition, barrier integrity and susceptibility to infection in transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs. 23598352 8 74 theme increased 1291:1299 arg1 secretion 1306:1314 increased TNFα secretion 1291:1314 increased TNFα secretion 1291:1314 These mice showed decreased mucus layer thickness, increased intestinal permeability, induction of Nod2 and Tlr5 gene transcription, and increased TNFα secretion. 23598352 0 75 theme host 78:81 arg1 function 91:98 host barrier function 78:98 host barrier function favouring AIEC colonisation 78:126 Western diet induces dysbiosis with increased E coli in CEABAC10 mice, alters host barrier function favouring AIEC colonisation. 23598352 0 76 from coli 48:51 arg1 mice 65:68 CEABAC10 mice 56:68 CEABAC10 mice 56:68 Western diet induces dysbiosis with increased E coli in CEABAC10 mice, alters host barrier function favouring AIEC colonisation. 23598352 4 77 from integrity 520:528 arg1 mice 585:588 transgenic CEABAC10 mice 565:588 transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs 565:613 We assessed the effects of a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet on gut microbiota composition, barrier integrity and susceptibility to infection in transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs. 23598352 4 78 theme high 440:443 arg1 diet 476:479 a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet 438:479 a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet 438:479 We assessed the effects of a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet on gut microbiota composition, barrier integrity and susceptibility to infection in transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs. 23598352 10 79 theme CONCLUSIONS 1433:1443 arg1 diet 1453:1456 CONCLUSIONS Western diet 1433:1456 CONCLUSIONS Western diet 1433:1456 CONCLUSIONS Western diet induces changes in gut microbiota composition, alters host homeostasis and promotes AIEC gut colonisation in genetically susceptible mice. 23598352 5 80 theme bacteria 703:710 arg1 infection 712:720 AIEC LF82 bacteria infection 693:720 AIEC LF82 bacteria infection 693:720 DESIGN Colonic microbiota composition and susceptibility of CEABAC10 mice to AIEC LF82 bacteria infection were determined in mice fed a conventional or HF/HS diet. 23598352 5 81 theme HF/HS 768:772 arg1 diet 774:777 a conventional or HF/HS diet 750:777 a conventional or HF/HS diet 750:777 DESIGN Colonic microbiota composition and susceptibility of CEABAC10 mice to AIEC LF82 bacteria infection were determined in mice fed a conventional or HF/HS diet. 23598352 4 82 theme microbiota 488:497 arg1 composition 499:509 gut microbiota composition 484:509 gut microbiota composition 484:509 We assessed the effects of a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet on gut microbiota composition, barrier integrity and susceptibility to infection in transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs. 23598352 4 83 from susceptibility 534:547 arg1 mice 585:588 transgenic CEABAC10 mice 565:588 transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs 565:613 We assessed the effects of a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet on gut microbiota composition, barrier integrity and susceptibility to infection in transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs. 23598352 11 84 theme diet 1686:1689 arg1 importance 1672:1681 the importance 1668:1681 the importance of diet in CD pathogenesis 1668:1708 These results support the multifactorial aetiology of CD and highlight the importance of diet in CD pathogenesis. 23598352 7 85 theme coli 1110:1113 arg1 population 1115:1124 E coli population 1108:1124 E coli population in HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice 1108:1151 RESULTS HF/HS diet led to dysbiosis in WT and transgenic CEABAC10 mice, with a particular increase in E coli population in HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice. 23598352 4 86 theme human 601:605 arg1 CEACAMs 607:613 human CEACAMs 601:613 human CEACAMs 601:613 We assessed the effects of a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet on gut microbiota composition, barrier integrity and susceptibility to infection in transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs. 23598352 6 87 dep assessed 828:835 arg1 determining 943:953 determining 943:953 determining histological score and levels of cytokine release 943:1003 Barrier function and inflammatory response were assessed by studying intestinal permeability, tight junction protein and mucin expression and localisation, and by determining histological score and levels of cytokine release. 23598352 6 87 dep assessed 828:835 arg1 studying 840:847 studying 840:847 studying intestinal permeability, tight junction protein and mucin expression and localisation 840:933 Barrier function and inflammatory response were assessed by studying intestinal permeability, tight junction protein and mucin expression and localisation, and by determining histological score and levels of cytokine release. 23598352 0 88 with dysbiosis 21:29 arg1 coli 48:51 increased E coli 36:51 increased E coli in CEABAC10 mice 36:68 Western diet induces dysbiosis with increased E coli in CEABAC10 mice, alters host barrier function favouring AIEC colonisation. 23598352 5 89 theme conventional 752:763 arg1 diet 774:777 a conventional or HF/HS diet 750:777 a conventional or HF/HS diet 750:777 DESIGN Colonic microbiota composition and susceptibility of CEABAC10 mice to AIEC LF82 bacteria infection were determined in mice fed a conventional or HF/HS diet. 23598352 9 90 theme higher 1346:1351 arg1 ability 1353:1359 a higher ability 1344:1359 a higher ability of AIEC bacteria to colonise the gut mucosa and to induce inflammation 1344:1430 These modifications led to a higher ability of AIEC bacteria to colonise the gut mucosa and to induce inflammation. 23598352 6 91 theme inflammatory 801:812 arg1 response 814:821 inflammatory response 801:821 inflammatory response 801:821 Barrier function and inflammatory response were assessed by studying intestinal permeability, tight junction protein and mucin expression and localisation, and by determining histological score and levels of cytokine release. 23598352 10 92 theme gut 1477:1479 arg1 composition 1492:1502 gut microbiota composition 1477:1502 gut microbiota composition 1477:1502 CONCLUSIONS Western diet induces changes in gut microbiota composition, alters host homeostasis and promotes AIEC gut colonisation in genetically susceptible mice. 23598352 11 93 theme CD 1694:1695 arg1 pathogenesis 1697:1708 CD pathogenesis 1694:1708 CD pathogenesis 1694:1708 These results support the multifactorial aetiology of CD and highlight the importance of diet in CD pathogenesis. 23598352 2 94 theme CD 290:291 arg1 patients 293:300 CD patients 290:300 CD patients 290:300 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is abnormally expressed in CD patients. 23598352 4 95 theme transgenic 565:574 arg1 mice 585:588 transgenic CEABAC10 mice 565:588 transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs 565:613 We assessed the effects of a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet on gut microbiota composition, barrier integrity and susceptibility to infection in transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs. 23598352 7 96 theme CEABAC10 1139:1146 arg1 mice 1148:1151 HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice 1129:1151 HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice 1129:1151 RESULTS HF/HS diet led to dysbiosis in WT and transgenic CEABAC10 mice, with a particular increase in E coli population in HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice. 23598352 9 97 theme bacteria 1369:1376 arg1 ability 1353:1359 a higher ability 1344:1359 a higher ability of AIEC bacteria to colonise the gut mucosa and to induce inflammation 1344:1430 These modifications led to a higher ability of AIEC bacteria to colonise the gut mucosa and to induce inflammation. 28031227 2 0 theme cases 442:446 arg1 % 431:431 >40% 428:431 >40% of HNSCC cases 428:446 Here, we report a specific mechanism of resistance in this setting based upon the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism encoding EGFR-K521 (K-allele), which is expressed in >40% of HNSCC cases. 28031227 2 0 theme cases 442:446 arg1 cases 442:446 HNSCC cases 436:446 HNSCC cases 436:446 Here, we report a specific mechanism of resistance in this setting based upon the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism encoding EGFR-K521 (K-allele), which is expressed in >40% of HNSCC cases. 28031227 6 1 theme glycan 875:880 arg1 sialyation 882:891 glycan sialyation 875:891 glycan sialyation 875:891 We found a lack of glycan sialyation on EGFR-K521 that associated with reduced protein stability, suggesting a structural basis for reduced cetuximab efficacy. 28031227 7 2 with antibody 1028:1035 arg1 glycosylation 1055:1067 optimized Fc glycosylation 1042:1067 optimized Fc glycosylation targeting the same epitope as cetuximab 1042:1107 CetuGEX, an antibody with optimized Fc glycosylation targeting the same epitope as cetuximab, restored HNSCC sensitivity in a manner associated with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity rather than EGFR pathway inhibition. 28031227 2 3 from mechanism 275:283 arg1 setting 307:313 this setting 302:313 this setting based upon the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism encoding EGFR-K521 (K-allele), which is expressed in >40% of HNSCC cases 302:446 Here, we report a specific mechanism of resistance in this setting based upon the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism encoding EGFR-K521 (K-allele), which is expressed in >40% of HNSCC cases. 28031227 0 4 theme EGFR-K521 60:68 arg1 Polymorphism 70:81 EGFR-K521 Polymorphism 60:81 EGFR-K521 Polymorphism 60:81 Cetuximab Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer Is Mediated by EGFR-K521 Polymorphism. 28031227 0 5 from Resistance 10:19 arg1 Neck 33:36 Neck 33:36 Neck 33:36 Cetuximab Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer Is Mediated by EGFR-K521 Polymorphism. 28031227 0 5 from Resistance 10:19 arg1 Head 24:27 Head 24:27 Head 24:27 Cetuximab Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer Is Mediated by EGFR-K521 Polymorphism. 28031227 2 6 from setting 307:313 arg1 mechanism 275:283 a specific mechanism 264:283 a specific mechanism of resistance in this setting based upon the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism encoding EGFR-K521 (K-allele), which is expressed in >40% of HNSCC cases 264:446 Here, we report a specific mechanism of resistance in this setting based upon the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism encoding EGFR-K521 (K-allele), which is expressed in >40% of HNSCC cases. 28031227 7 7 theme cellular 1184:1191 arg1 cytotoxicity 1193:1204 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 1165:1204 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity rather than EGFR pathway inhibition 1165:1240 CetuGEX, an antibody with optimized Fc glycosylation targeting the same epitope as cetuximab, restored HNSCC sensitivity in a manner associated with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity rather than EGFR pathway inhibition. 28031227 7 8 theme HNSCC 1119:1123 arg1 sensitivity 1125:1135 HNSCC sensitivity 1119:1135 HNSCC sensitivity 1119:1135 CetuGEX, an antibody with optimized Fc glycosylation targeting the same epitope as cetuximab, restored HNSCC sensitivity in a manner associated with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity rather than EGFR pathway inhibition. 28031227 2 9 theme specific 266:273 arg1 mechanism 275:283 a specific mechanism 264:283 a specific mechanism of resistance in this setting based upon the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism encoding EGFR-K521 (K-allele), which is expressed in >40% of HNSCC cases 264:446 Here, we report a specific mechanism of resistance in this setting based upon the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism encoding EGFR-K521 (K-allele), which is expressed in >40% of HNSCC cases. 28031227 2 10 from resistance 288:297 arg1 setting 307:313 this setting 302:313 this setting based upon the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism encoding EGFR-K521 (K-allele), which is expressed in >40% of HNSCC cases 302:446 Here, we report a specific mechanism of resistance in this setting based upon the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism encoding EGFR-K521 (K-allele), which is expressed in >40% of HNSCC cases. 28031227 6 11 theme cetuximab 996:1004 arg1 efficacy 1006:1013 reduced cetuximab efficacy 988:1013 reduced cetuximab efficacy 988:1013 We found a lack of glycan sialyation on EGFR-K521 that associated with reduced protein stability, suggesting a structural basis for reduced cetuximab efficacy. 28031227 5 12 theme ligand-mediated 812:826 arg1 activation 833:842 ligand-mediated EGFR activation 812:842 ligand-mediated EGFR activation 812:842 Cetuximab affinity for EGFR-K521 was reduced slightly, but ligand-mediated EGFR activation was intact. 28031227 8 13 theme predictive 1369:1378 arg1 biomarker 1380:1388 a predictive biomarker 1367:1388 a predictive biomarker in HNSCC patients 1367:1406 Overall, our results highlight EGFR-K521 expression as a key mechanism of cetuximab resistance to evaluate prospectively as a predictive biomarker in HNSCC patients. 28031227 6 14 theme reduced 988:994 arg1 efficacy 1006:1013 reduced cetuximab efficacy 988:1013 reduced cetuximab efficacy 988:1013 We found a lack of glycan sialyation on EGFR-K521 that associated with reduced protein stability, suggesting a structural basis for reduced cetuximab efficacy. 28031227 7 15 theme EGFR 1218:1221 arg1 inhibition 1231:1240 EGFR pathway inhibition 1218:1240 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity rather than EGFR pathway inhibition 1165:1240 CetuGEX, an antibody with optimized Fc glycosylation targeting the same epitope as cetuximab, restored HNSCC sensitivity in a manner associated with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity rather than EGFR pathway inhibition. 28031227 7 16 gly glycosylation 1055:1067 arg1 CetuGEX 1016:1022 CetuGEX 1016:1022 CetuGEX 1016:1022 CetuGEX, an antibody with optimized Fc glycosylation targeting the same epitope as cetuximab, restored HNSCC sensitivity in a manner associated with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity rather than EGFR pathway inhibition. 28031227 7 16 gly glycosylation 1055:1067 arg1 antibody 1028:1035 an antibody 1025:1035 an antibody with optimized Fc glycosylation targeting the same epitope as cetuximab 1025:1107 CetuGEX, an antibody with optimized Fc glycosylation targeting the same epitope as cetuximab, restored HNSCC sensitivity in a manner associated with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity rather than EGFR pathway inhibition. 28031227 2 17 theme nucleotide 351:360 arg1 polymorphism 362:373 a single nucleotide polymorphism 342:373 a single nucleotide polymorphism 342:373 Here, we report a specific mechanism of resistance in this setting based upon the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism encoding EGFR-K521 (K-allele), which is expressed in >40% of HNSCC cases. 28031227 8 18 theme EGFR-K521 1274:1282 arg1 expression 1284:1293 EGFR-K521 expression 1274:1293 EGFR-K521 expression 1274:1293 Overall, our results highlight EGFR-K521 expression as a key mechanism of cetuximab resistance to evaluate prospectively as a predictive biomarker in HNSCC patients. 28031227 8 18 theme EGFR-K521 1274:1282 arg1 mechanism 1304:1312 a key mechanism 1298:1312 a key mechanism of cetuximab resistance 1298:1336 Overall, our results highlight EGFR-K521 expression as a key mechanism of cetuximab resistance to evaluate prospectively as a predictive biomarker in HNSCC patients. 28031227 7 19 theme pathway 1223:1229 arg1 inhibition 1231:1240 EGFR pathway inhibition 1218:1240 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity rather than EGFR pathway inhibition 1165:1240 CetuGEX, an antibody with optimized Fc glycosylation targeting the same epitope as cetuximab, restored HNSCC sensitivity in a manner associated with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity rather than EGFR pathway inhibition. 28031227 6 20 theme sialyation 882:891 arg1 lack 867:870 a lack 865:870 a lack of glycan sialyation on EGFR-K521 that associated with reduced protein stability, suggesting a structural basis for reduced cetuximab efficacy 865:1013 We found a lack of glycan sialyation on EGFR-K521 that associated with reduced protein stability, suggesting a structural basis for reduced cetuximab efficacy. 28031227 8 21 theme HNSCC 1393:1397 arg1 patients 1399:1406 HNSCC patients 1393:1406 HNSCC patients 1393:1406 Overall, our results highlight EGFR-K521 expression as a key mechanism of cetuximab resistance to evaluate prospectively as a predictive biomarker in HNSCC patients. 28031227 3 22 theme shorter 503:509 arg1 survival 528:535 significantly shorter progression-free survival 489:535 significantly shorter progression-free survival 489:535 Patients expressing the K-allele showed significantly shorter progression-free survival upon palliative treatment with cetuximab plus chemotherapy or radiation. 28031227 2 23 theme polymorphism 362:373 arg1 presence 330:337 the presence 326:337 the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism encoding EGFR-K521 (K-allele), which is expressed in >40% of HNSCC cases 326:446 Here, we report a specific mechanism of resistance in this setting based upon the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism encoding EGFR-K521 (K-allele), which is expressed in >40% of HNSCC cases. 28031227 2 24 theme HNSCC 436:440 arg1 cases 442:446 HNSCC cases 436:446 HNSCC cases 436:446 Here, we report a specific mechanism of resistance in this setting based upon the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism encoding EGFR-K521 (K-allele), which is expressed in >40% of HNSCC cases. 28031227 5 25 theme Cetuximab 753:761 arg1 affinity 763:770 Cetuximab affinity 753:770 Cetuximab affinity for EGFR-K521 753:784 Cetuximab affinity for EGFR-K521 was reduced slightly, but ligand-mediated EGFR activation was intact. 28031227 4 26 theme K-allele 733:740 arg1 frequency 742:750 a high K-allele frequency 726:750 a high K-allele frequency 726:750 In several EGFR-mediated cancer models, cetuximab failed to inhibit downstream signaling or to kill cells harboring a high K-allele frequency. 28031227 1 27 theme EGFR-targeting 160:173 arg1 cetuximab 180:188 the EGFR-targeting drug cetuximab 156:188 the EGFR-targeting drug cetuximab 156:188 Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) exhibiting resistance to the EGFR-targeting drug cetuximab poses a challenge to their effective clinical management. 28031227 0 28 theme Cetuximab 0:8 arg1 Resistance 10:19 Cetuximab Resistance 0:19 Cetuximab Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer 0:43 Cetuximab Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer Is Mediated by EGFR-K521 Polymorphism. 28031227 3 29 theme palliative 542:551 arg1 treatment 553:561 palliative treatment 542:561 palliative treatment with cetuximab plus chemotherapy 542:594 Patients expressing the K-allele showed significantly shorter progression-free survival upon palliative treatment with cetuximab plus chemotherapy or radiation. 28031227 11 30 theme ©2016 1567:1571 arg1 AACR 1573:1576 ©2016 AACR 1567:1576 ©2016 AACR. 1567:1577 ©2016 AACR. 28031227 2 31 theme resistance 288:297 arg1 mechanism 275:283 a specific mechanism 264:283 a specific mechanism of resistance in this setting based upon the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism encoding EGFR-K521 (K-allele), which is expressed in >40% of HNSCC cases 264:446 Here, we report a specific mechanism of resistance in this setting based upon the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism encoding EGFR-K521 (K-allele), which is expressed in >40% of HNSCC cases. 28031227 2 32 theme single 344:349 arg1 polymorphism 362:373 a single nucleotide polymorphism 342:373 a single nucleotide polymorphism 342:373 Here, we report a specific mechanism of resistance in this setting based upon the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism encoding EGFR-K521 (K-allele), which is expressed in >40% of HNSCC cases. 28031227 3 33 with treatment 553:561 arg1 chemotherapy 583:594 chemotherapy 583:594 chemotherapy 583:594 Patients expressing the K-allele showed significantly shorter progression-free survival upon palliative treatment with cetuximab plus chemotherapy or radiation. 28031227 3 33 with treatment 553:561 arg1 cetuximab 568:576 cetuximab 568:576 cetuximab 568:576 Patients expressing the K-allele showed significantly shorter progression-free survival upon palliative treatment with cetuximab plus chemotherapy or radiation. 28031227 4 34 theme high 728:731 arg1 frequency 742:750 a high K-allele frequency 726:750 a high K-allele frequency 726:750 In several EGFR-mediated cancer models, cetuximab failed to inhibit downstream signaling or to kill cells harboring a high K-allele frequency. 28031227 7 35 theme same 1083:1086 arg1 epitope 1088:1094 the same epitope 1079:1094 the same epitope 1079:1094 CetuGEX, an antibody with optimized Fc glycosylation targeting the same epitope as cetuximab, restored HNSCC sensitivity in a manner associated with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity rather than EGFR pathway inhibition. 28031227 9 36 theme ADCC-optimized 1468:1481 arg1 antibodies 1483:1492 ADCC-optimized antibodies 1468:1492 ADCC-optimized antibodies 1468:1492 Further, they offer a preclinical rationale for the use of ADCC-optimized antibodies to treat tumors harboring this EGFR isoform. 28031227 10 37 dep 77 1551:1552 arg1 1188-99 1558:1564 1188-99 1558:1564 1188-99 1558:1564 Cancer Res; 77(5); 1188-99. 28031227 4 38 theme cancer 635:640 arg1 models 642:647 several EGFR-mediated cancer models 613:647 several EGFR-mediated cancer models 613:647 In several EGFR-mediated cancer models, cetuximab failed to inhibit downstream signaling or to kill cells harboring a high K-allele frequency. 28031227 1 39 theme Head 84:87 arg1 carcinomas 112:121 Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas 84:121 Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) exhibiting resistance to the EGFR-targeting drug cetuximab 84:188 Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) exhibiting resistance to the EGFR-targeting drug cetuximab poses a challenge to their effective clinical management. 28031227 1 39 theme Head 84:87 arg1 HNSCC 124:128 HNSCC 124:128 HNSCC 124:128 Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) exhibiting resistance to the EGFR-targeting drug cetuximab poses a challenge to their effective clinical management. 28031227 6 40 theme structural 967:976 arg1 basis 978:982 a structural basis 965:982 a structural basis for reduced cetuximab efficacy 965:1013 We found a lack of glycan sialyation on EGFR-K521 that associated with reduced protein stability, suggesting a structural basis for reduced cetuximab efficacy. 28031227 1 41 theme neck 93:96 arg1 carcinomas 112:121 Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas 84:121 Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) exhibiting resistance to the EGFR-targeting drug cetuximab 84:188 Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) exhibiting resistance to the EGFR-targeting drug cetuximab poses a challenge to their effective clinical management. 28031227 1 41 theme neck 93:96 arg1 HNSCC 124:128 HNSCC 124:128 HNSCC 124:128 Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) exhibiting resistance to the EGFR-targeting drug cetuximab poses a challenge to their effective clinical management. 28031227 4 42 theme EGFR-mediated 621:633 arg1 models 642:647 several EGFR-mediated cancer models 613:647 several EGFR-mediated cancer models 613:647 In several EGFR-mediated cancer models, cetuximab failed to inhibit downstream signaling or to kill cells harboring a high K-allele frequency. 28031227 8 43 theme cetuximab 1317:1325 arg1 resistance 1327:1336 cetuximab resistance 1317:1336 cetuximab resistance 1317:1336 Overall, our results highlight EGFR-K521 expression as a key mechanism of cetuximab resistance to evaluate prospectively as a predictive biomarker in HNSCC patients. 28031227 1 44 theme drug 175:178 arg1 cetuximab 180:188 the EGFR-targeting drug cetuximab 156:188 the EGFR-targeting drug cetuximab 156:188 Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) exhibiting resistance to the EGFR-targeting drug cetuximab poses a challenge to their effective clinical management. 28031227 7 45 theme antibody-dependent 1165:1182 arg1 cytotoxicity 1193:1204 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 1165:1204 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity rather than EGFR pathway inhibition 1165:1240 CetuGEX, an antibody with optimized Fc glycosylation targeting the same epitope as cetuximab, restored HNSCC sensitivity in a manner associated with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity rather than EGFR pathway inhibition. 28031227 4 46 theme several 613:619 arg1 models 642:647 several EGFR-mediated cancer models 613:647 several EGFR-mediated cancer models 613:647 In several EGFR-mediated cancer models, cetuximab failed to inhibit downstream signaling or to kill cells harboring a high K-allele frequency. 28031227 5 47 theme EGFR 828:831 arg1 activation 833:842 ligand-mediated EGFR activation 812:842 ligand-mediated EGFR activation 812:842 Cetuximab affinity for EGFR-K521 was reduced slightly, but ligand-mediated EGFR activation was intact. 28031227 8 48 theme resistance 1327:1336 arg1 expression 1284:1293 EGFR-K521 expression 1274:1293 EGFR-K521 expression 1274:1293 Overall, our results highlight EGFR-K521 expression as a key mechanism of cetuximab resistance to evaluate prospectively as a predictive biomarker in HNSCC patients. 28031227 8 48 theme resistance 1327:1336 arg1 mechanism 1304:1312 a key mechanism 1298:1312 a key mechanism of cetuximab resistance 1298:1336 Overall, our results highlight EGFR-K521 expression as a key mechanism of cetuximab resistance to evaluate prospectively as a predictive biomarker in HNSCC patients. 28031227 9 49 theme antibodies 1483:1492 arg1 use 1461:1463 the use 1457:1463 the use of ADCC-optimized antibodies to treat tumors harboring this EGFR isoform 1457:1536 Further, they offer a preclinical rationale for the use of ADCC-optimized antibodies to treat tumors harboring this EGFR isoform. 28031227 7 50 theme Fc 1052:1053 arg1 glycosylation 1055:1067 optimized Fc glycosylation 1042:1067 optimized Fc glycosylation targeting the same epitope as cetuximab 1042:1107 CetuGEX, an antibody with optimized Fc glycosylation targeting the same epitope as cetuximab, restored HNSCC sensitivity in a manner associated with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity rather than EGFR pathway inhibition. 28031227 10 51 dep Res 1546:1548 arg1 77 1551:1552 77 1551:1552 77 1551:1552 Cancer Res; 77(5); 1188-99. 28031227 10 51 dep Res 1546:1548 arg1 5 1554:1554 5 1554:1554 5 1554:1554 Cancer Res; 77(5); 1188-99. 28031227 1 52 theme squamous 98:105 arg1 carcinomas 112:121 Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas 84:121 Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) exhibiting resistance to the EGFR-targeting drug cetuximab 84:188 Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) exhibiting resistance to the EGFR-targeting drug cetuximab poses a challenge to their effective clinical management. 28031227 1 52 theme squamous 98:105 arg1 HNSCC 124:128 HNSCC 124:128 HNSCC 124:128 Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) exhibiting resistance to the EGFR-targeting drug cetuximab poses a challenge to their effective clinical management. 28031227 1 53 theme cell 107:110 arg1 carcinomas 112:121 Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas 84:121 Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) exhibiting resistance to the EGFR-targeting drug cetuximab 84:188 Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) exhibiting resistance to the EGFR-targeting drug cetuximab poses a challenge to their effective clinical management. 28031227 1 53 theme cell 107:110 arg1 HNSCC 124:128 HNSCC 124:128 HNSCC 124:128 Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) exhibiting resistance to the EGFR-targeting drug cetuximab poses a challenge to their effective clinical management. 28031227 6 54 theme protein 935:941 arg1 stability 943:951 reduced protein stability 927:951 reduced protein stability 927:951 We found a lack of glycan sialyation on EGFR-K521 that associated with reduced protein stability, suggesting a structural basis for reduced cetuximab efficacy. 28031227 0 55 dep Head 24:27 arg1 Cancer 38:43 Cancer 38:43 Cancer 38:43 Cetuximab Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer Is Mediated by EGFR-K521 Polymorphism. 28031227 7 56 theme optimized 1042:1050 arg1 glycosylation 1055:1067 optimized Fc glycosylation 1042:1067 optimized Fc glycosylation targeting the same epitope as cetuximab 1042:1107 CetuGEX, an antibody with optimized Fc glycosylation targeting the same epitope as cetuximab, restored HNSCC sensitivity in a manner associated with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity rather than EGFR pathway inhibition. 28031227 3 57 theme progression-free 511:526 arg1 survival 528:535 significantly shorter progression-free survival 489:535 significantly shorter progression-free survival 489:535 Patients expressing the K-allele showed significantly shorter progression-free survival upon palliative treatment with cetuximab plus chemotherapy or radiation. 28031227 9 58 theme preclinical 1431:1441 arg1 rationale 1443:1451 a preclinical rationale 1429:1451 a preclinical rationale for the use of ADCC-optimized antibodies to treat tumors harboring this EGFR isoform 1429:1536 Further, they offer a preclinical rationale for the use of ADCC-optimized antibodies to treat tumors harboring this EGFR isoform. 28031227 3 59 with radiation 599:607 arg1 chemotherapy 583:594 chemotherapy 583:594 chemotherapy 583:594 Patients expressing the K-allele showed significantly shorter progression-free survival upon palliative treatment with cetuximab plus chemotherapy or radiation. 28031227 3 59 with radiation 599:607 arg1 cetuximab 568:576 cetuximab 568:576 cetuximab 568:576 Patients expressing the K-allele showed significantly shorter progression-free survival upon palliative treatment with cetuximab plus chemotherapy or radiation. 28031227 9 60 theme EGFR 1525:1528 arg1 isoform 1530:1536 this EGFR isoform 1520:1536 this EGFR isoform 1520:1536 Further, they offer a preclinical rationale for the use of ADCC-optimized antibodies to treat tumors harboring this EGFR isoform. 28031227 8 61 theme key 1300:1302 arg1 expression 1284:1293 EGFR-K521 expression 1274:1293 EGFR-K521 expression 1274:1293 Overall, our results highlight EGFR-K521 expression as a key mechanism of cetuximab resistance to evaluate prospectively as a predictive biomarker in HNSCC patients. 28031227 8 61 theme key 1300:1302 arg1 mechanism 1304:1312 a key mechanism 1298:1312 a key mechanism of cetuximab resistance 1298:1336 Overall, our results highlight EGFR-K521 expression as a key mechanism of cetuximab resistance to evaluate prospectively as a predictive biomarker in HNSCC patients. 28031227 8 62 from biomarker 1380:1388 arg1 patients 1399:1406 HNSCC patients 1393:1406 HNSCC patients 1393:1406 Overall, our results highlight EGFR-K521 expression as a key mechanism of cetuximab resistance to evaluate prospectively as a predictive biomarker in HNSCC patients. 28031227 1 63 theme effective 217:225 arg1 management 236:245 their effective clinical management 211:245 their effective clinical management 211:245 Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) exhibiting resistance to the EGFR-targeting drug cetuximab poses a challenge to their effective clinical management. 28031227 6 64 theme reduced 927:933 arg1 stability 943:951 reduced protein stability 927:951 reduced protein stability 927:951 We found a lack of glycan sialyation on EGFR-K521 that associated with reduced protein stability, suggesting a structural basis for reduced cetuximab efficacy. 28031227 6 65 from lack 867:870 arg1 EGFR-K521 896:904 EGFR-K521 896:904 EGFR-K521 that associated with reduced protein stability, suggesting a structural basis for reduced cetuximab efficacy 896:1013 We found a lack of glycan sialyation on EGFR-K521 that associated with reduced protein stability, suggesting a structural basis for reduced cetuximab efficacy. 28031227 4 66 theme downstream 678:687 arg1 signaling 689:697 downstream signaling 678:697 downstream signaling 678:697 In several EGFR-mediated cancer models, cetuximab failed to inhibit downstream signaling or to kill cells harboring a high K-allele frequency. 28031227 1 67 theme clinical 227:234 arg1 management 236:245 their effective clinical management 211:245 their effective clinical management 211:245 Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) exhibiting resistance to the EGFR-targeting drug cetuximab poses a challenge to their effective clinical management. 26923515 6 0 theme switching 865:873 arg1 effect 855:860 the effect 851:860 the effect of switching to a well-balanced diet, with or without exercise training for 8 weeks, on those same parameters 851:970 Second, we investigated the effect of switching to a well-balanced diet, with or without exercise training for 8 weeks, on those same parameters. 26923515 3 1 theme adipose 499:505 arg1 tissue 507:512 adipose tissue 499:512 adipose tissue relative to glucose tolerance 499:542 We hypothesized that nutritional adaptation and exercise training, either individually or combined, could impact ERα expression in adipose tissue relative to glucose tolerance. 26923515 5 2 from effect 690:695 arg1 composition 766:776 body composition 761:776 body composition 761:776 The first phase of our study was to investigate the effect of an HF-HS diet on whole-body glucose tolerance, as well as on body composition and ERα expression in different adipose tissues. 26923515 5 2 from effect 690:695 arg1 expression 786:795 ERα expression 782:795 ERα expression 782:795 The first phase of our study was to investigate the effect of an HF-HS diet on whole-body glucose tolerance, as well as on body composition and ERα expression in different adipose tissues. 26923515 5 2 from effect 690:695 arg1 tolerance 736:744 whole-body glucose tolerance 717:744 whole-body glucose tolerance 717:744 The first phase of our study was to investigate the effect of an HF-HS diet on whole-body glucose tolerance, as well as on body composition and ERα expression in different adipose tissues. 26923515 10 3 from tissue 1479:1484 arg1 diet 1421:1424 diet 1421:1424 diet 1421:1424 The present findings suggest that diet is a powerful modulator of ERα expression in adipose tissue, as nutritional modulation after an HF-HS diet strongly affects ERα expression, particularly in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue. 26923515 10 3 from tissue 1479:1484 arg1 modulator 1440:1448 a powerful modulator 1429:1448 a powerful modulator of ERα expression in adipose tissue 1429:1484 The present findings suggest that diet is a powerful modulator of ERα expression in adipose tissue, as nutritional modulation after an HF-HS diet strongly affects ERα expression, particularly in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue. 26923515 4 4 theme high-fat 589:596 arg1 diet 620:623 a high-fat, high-sucrose (HF-HS) diet 587:623 diet 620:623 Seventy-two Wistar rats were submitted to a high-fat, high-sucrose (HF-HS) diet for 16weeks. 26923515 10 5 theme ERα 1453:1455 arg1 expression 1457:1466 ERα expression 1453:1466 ERα expression in adipose tissue 1453:1484 The present findings suggest that diet is a powerful modulator of ERα expression in adipose tissue, as nutritional modulation after an HF-HS diet strongly affects ERα expression, particularly in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue. 26923515 8 6 from expression 1105:1114 arg1 tissues 1127:1133 adipose tissues 1119:1133 adipose tissues 1119:1133 Despite a decrease in glucose tolerance, ERα expression in adipose tissues was not significantly altered by an HF-HS diet. 26923515 3 7 theme exercise 416:423 arg1 training 425:432 nutritional adaptation and exercise training 389:432 training 425:432 We hypothesized that nutritional adaptation and exercise training, either individually or combined, could impact ERα expression in adipose tissue relative to glucose tolerance. 26923515 3 8 theme glucose 526:532 arg1 tolerance 534:542 glucose tolerance 526:542 glucose tolerance 526:542 We hypothesized that nutritional adaptation and exercise training, either individually or combined, could impact ERα expression in adipose tissue relative to glucose tolerance. 26923515 7 9 dep fatter 1029:1034 arg1 % 1038:1038 8% 1037:1038 8% 1037:1038 After the first part of this study, HF-HS-fed rats were fatter (8%) than control rats. 26923515 10 10 theme epididymal 1596:1605 arg1 tissue 1615:1620 epididymal adipose tissue 1596:1620 epididymal adipose tissue 1596:1620 The present findings suggest that diet is a powerful modulator of ERα expression in adipose tissue, as nutritional modulation after an HF-HS diet strongly affects ERα expression, particularly in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue. 26923515 9 11 theme training 1345:1352 arg1 effect 1318:1323 no effect 1315:1323 no effect of diet or exercise training on whole-body glucose tolerance 1315:1384 The return to a well-balanced diet significantly increased ERα expression in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue, but there was no effect of diet or exercise training on whole-body glucose tolerance. 26923515 8 12 theme ERα 1101:1103 arg1 expression 1105:1114 ERα expression 1101:1114 ERα expression in adipose tissues 1101:1133 Despite a decrease in glucose tolerance, ERα expression in adipose tissues was not significantly altered by an HF-HS diet. 26923515 11 13 theme whole-body 1703:1712 arg1 tolerance 1722:1730 whole-body glucose tolerance 1703:1730 whole-body glucose tolerance 1703:1730 However, ERα expression in adipose tissue does not appear to be associated with whole-body glucose tolerance. 26923515 9 14 theme whole-body 1357:1366 arg1 tolerance 1376:1384 whole-body glucose tolerance 1357:1384 whole-body glucose tolerance 1357:1384 The return to a well-balanced diet significantly increased ERα expression in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue, but there was no effect of diet or exercise training on whole-body glucose tolerance. 26923515 0 15 from expression 73:82 arg1 tissue 99:104 the adipose tissue 87:104 the adipose tissue of male rats 87:117 Nutritional and exercise interventions variably affect estrogen receptor expression in the adipose tissue of male rats. 26923515 8 16 from decrease 1070:1077 arg1 tolerance 1090:1098 glucose tolerance 1082:1098 glucose tolerance 1082:1098 Despite a decrease in glucose tolerance, ERα expression in adipose tissues was not significantly altered by an HF-HS diet. 26923515 1 17 theme Energy-dense 120:131 arg1 consumption 138:148 Energy-dense food consumption 120:148 Energy-dense food consumption 120:148 Energy-dense food consumption and lack of physical activity are implicated in the development of the current obesity epidemic. 26923515 11 18 theme ERα 1632:1634 arg1 expression 1636:1645 ERα expression 1632:1645 ERα expression in adipose tissue 1632:1663 However, ERα expression in adipose tissue does not appear to be associated with whole-body glucose tolerance. 26923515 5 19 theme whole-body 717:726 arg1 tolerance 736:744 whole-body glucose tolerance 717:744 whole-body glucose tolerance 717:744 The first phase of our study was to investigate the effect of an HF-HS diet on whole-body glucose tolerance, as well as on body composition and ERα expression in different adipose tissues. 26923515 1 20 theme physical 162:169 arg1 activity 171:178 physical activity 162:178 physical activity 162:178 Energy-dense food consumption and lack of physical activity are implicated in the development of the current obesity epidemic. 26923515 5 21 from composition 766:776 arg1 tissues 818:824 different adipose tissues 800:824 different adipose tissues 800:824 The first phase of our study was to investigate the effect of an HF-HS diet on whole-body glucose tolerance, as well as on body composition and ERα expression in different adipose tissues. 26923515 0 22 theme male 109:112 arg1 rats 114:117 male rats 109:117 male rats 109:117 Nutritional and exercise interventions variably affect estrogen receptor expression in the adipose tissue of male rats. 26923515 3 23 dep adaptation 401:410 arg1 either 435:440 either 435:440 either 435:440 We hypothesized that nutritional adaptation and exercise training, either individually or combined, could impact ERα expression in adipose tissue relative to glucose tolerance. 26923515 3 23 dep adaptation 401:410 arg1 combined 458:465 combined 458:465 combined 458:465 We hypothesized that nutritional adaptation and exercise training, either individually or combined, could impact ERα expression in adipose tissue relative to glucose tolerance. 26923515 10 24 theme HF-HS 1522:1526 arg1 diet 1528:1531 an HF-HS diet 1519:1531 an HF-HS diet 1519:1531 The present findings suggest that diet is a powerful modulator of ERα expression in adipose tissue, as nutritional modulation after an HF-HS diet strongly affects ERα expression, particularly in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue. 26923515 0 25 theme Nutritional 0:10 arg1 interventions 25:37 Nutritional and exercise interventions 0:37 Nutritional and exercise interventions 0:37 Nutritional and exercise interventions variably affect estrogen receptor expression in the adipose tissue of male rats. 26923515 2 26 from role 251:254 arg1 adiposity 271:279 adiposity 271:279 adiposity 271:279 The role of estrogen in adiposity and fuel partitioning is mediated mainly though the estrogen receptor α (ERα) isoform. 26923515 2 26 from role 251:254 arg1 partitioning 290:301 fuel partitioning 285:301 fuel partitioning 285:301 The role of estrogen in adiposity and fuel partitioning is mediated mainly though the estrogen receptor α (ERα) isoform. 26923515 4 27 theme Seventy-two 545:555 arg1 rats 564:567 Seventy-two Wistar rats 545:567 Seventy-two Wistar rats 545:567 Seventy-two Wistar rats were submitted to a high-fat, high-sucrose (HF-HS) diet for 16weeks. 26923515 0 28 theme exercise 16:23 arg1 interventions 25:37 Nutritional and exercise interventions 0:37 Nutritional and exercise interventions 0:37 Nutritional and exercise interventions variably affect estrogen receptor expression in the adipose tissue of male rats. 26923515 10 29 theme ERα 1550:1552 arg1 expression 1554:1563 ERα expression 1550:1563 ERα expression 1550:1563 The present findings suggest that diet is a powerful modulator of ERα expression in adipose tissue, as nutritional modulation after an HF-HS diet strongly affects ERα expression, particularly in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue. 26923515 5 30 theme adipose 810:816 arg1 tissues 818:824 different adipose tissues 800:824 different adipose tissues 800:824 The first phase of our study was to investigate the effect of an HF-HS diet on whole-body glucose tolerance, as well as on body composition and ERα expression in different adipose tissues. 26923515 7 31 theme control 1046:1052 arg1 rats 1054:1057 control rats 1046:1057 control rats 1046:1057 After the first part of this study, HF-HS-fed rats were fatter (8%) than control rats. 26923515 2 32 theme receptor 342:349 arg1 isoform 359:365 the estrogen receptor α (ERα) isoform 329:365 the estrogen receptor α (ERα) isoform 329:365 The role of estrogen in adiposity and fuel partitioning is mediated mainly though the estrogen receptor α (ERα) isoform. 26923515 0 33 theme estrogen 55:62 arg1 receptor 64:71 estrogen receptor 55:71 estrogen receptor expression in the adipose tissue of male rats 55:117 Nutritional and exercise interventions variably affect estrogen receptor expression in the adipose tissue of male rats. 26923515 3 34 dep either 435:440 arg1 individually 442:453 individually 442:453 individually 442:453 We hypothesized that nutritional adaptation and exercise training, either individually or combined, could impact ERα expression in adipose tissue relative to glucose tolerance. 26923515 9 35 theme epididymal 1274:1283 arg1 tissue 1293:1298 epididymal adipose tissue 1274:1298 epididymal adipose tissue 1274:1298 The return to a well-balanced diet significantly increased ERα expression in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue, but there was no effect of diet or exercise training on whole-body glucose tolerance. 26923515 10 36 from expression 1457:1466 arg1 tissue 1479:1484 adipose tissue 1471:1484 adipose tissue 1471:1484 The present findings suggest that diet is a powerful modulator of ERα expression in adipose tissue, as nutritional modulation after an HF-HS diet strongly affects ERα expression, particularly in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue. 26923515 10 37 theme powerful 1431:1438 arg1 diet 1421:1424 diet 1421:1424 diet 1421:1424 The present findings suggest that diet is a powerful modulator of ERα expression in adipose tissue, as nutritional modulation after an HF-HS diet strongly affects ERα expression, particularly in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue. 26923515 10 37 theme powerful 1431:1438 arg1 modulator 1440:1448 a powerful modulator 1429:1448 a powerful modulator of ERα expression in adipose tissue 1429:1484 The present findings suggest that diet is a powerful modulator of ERα expression in adipose tissue, as nutritional modulation after an HF-HS diet strongly affects ERα expression, particularly in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue. 26923515 1 38 theme epidemic 237:244 arg1 obesity 229:235 the current obesity epidemic 217:244 the current obesity epidemic 217:244 Energy-dense food consumption and lack of physical activity are implicated in the development of the current obesity epidemic. 26923515 9 39 from effect 1318:1323 arg1 tolerance 1376:1384 whole-body glucose tolerance 1357:1384 whole-body glucose tolerance 1357:1384 The return to a well-balanced diet significantly increased ERα expression in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue, but there was no effect of diet or exercise training on whole-body glucose tolerance. 26923515 5 40 theme glucose 728:734 arg1 tolerance 736:744 whole-body glucose tolerance 717:744 whole-body glucose tolerance 717:744 The first phase of our study was to investigate the effect of an HF-HS diet on whole-body glucose tolerance, as well as on body composition and ERα expression in different adipose tissues. 26923515 10 41 theme adipose 1607:1613 arg1 tissue 1615:1620 epididymal adipose tissue 1596:1620 epididymal adipose tissue 1596:1620 The present findings suggest that diet is a powerful modulator of ERα expression in adipose tissue, as nutritional modulation after an HF-HS diet strongly affects ERα expression, particularly in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue. 26923515 10 42 theme expression 1457:1466 arg1 diet 1421:1424 diet 1421:1424 diet 1421:1424 The present findings suggest that diet is a powerful modulator of ERα expression in adipose tissue, as nutritional modulation after an HF-HS diet strongly affects ERα expression, particularly in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue. 26923515 10 42 theme expression 1457:1466 arg1 modulator 1440:1448 a powerful modulator 1429:1448 a powerful modulator of ERα expression in adipose tissue 1429:1484 The present findings suggest that diet is a powerful modulator of ERα expression in adipose tissue, as nutritional modulation after an HF-HS diet strongly affects ERα expression, particularly in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue. 26923515 5 43 theme first 642:646 arg1 phase 648:652 The first phase 638:652 The first phase of our study 638:665 The first phase of our study was to investigate the effect of an HF-HS diet on whole-body glucose tolerance, as well as on body composition and ERα expression in different adipose tissues. 26923515 2 44 theme fuel 285:288 arg1 partitioning 290:301 fuel partitioning 285:301 fuel partitioning 285:301 The role of estrogen in adiposity and fuel partitioning is mediated mainly though the estrogen receptor α (ERα) isoform. 26923515 7 45 theme HF-HS-fed 1009:1017 arg1 rats 1019:1022 HF-HS-fed rats 1009:1022 HF-HS-fed rats 1009:1022 After the first part of this study, HF-HS-fed rats were fatter (8%) than control rats. 26923515 1 46 theme activity 171:178 arg1 lack 154:157 lack 154:157 lack of physical activity 154:178 Energy-dense food consumption and lack of physical activity are implicated in the development of the current obesity epidemic. 26923515 1 46 theme activity 171:178 arg1 consumption 138:148 Energy-dense food consumption 120:148 Energy-dense food consumption 120:148 Energy-dense food consumption and lack of physical activity are implicated in the development of the current obesity epidemic. 26923515 8 47 theme adipose 1119:1125 arg1 tissues 1127:1133 adipose tissues 1119:1133 adipose tissues 1119:1133 Despite a decrease in glucose tolerance, ERα expression in adipose tissues was not significantly altered by an HF-HS diet. 26923515 7 48 theme study 1002:1006 arg1 part 989:992 the first part 979:992 the first part of this study 979:1006 After the first part of this study, HF-HS-fed rats were fatter (8%) than control rats. 26923515 9 49 theme diet 1328:1331 arg1 effect 1318:1323 no effect 1315:1323 no effect of diet or exercise training on whole-body glucose tolerance 1315:1384 The return to a well-balanced diet significantly increased ERα expression in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue, but there was no effect of diet or exercise training on whole-body glucose tolerance. 26923515 6 50 theme exercise 916:923 arg1 training 925:932 exercise training 916:932 exercise training for 8 weeks 916:944 Second, we investigated the effect of switching to a well-balanced diet, with or without exercise training for 8 weeks, on those same parameters. 26923515 10 51 theme adipose 1471:1477 arg1 tissue 1479:1484 adipose tissue 1471:1484 adipose tissue 1471:1484 The present findings suggest that diet is a powerful modulator of ERα expression in adipose tissue, as nutritional modulation after an HF-HS diet strongly affects ERα expression, particularly in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue. 26923515 3 52 from expression 485:494 arg1 tissue 507:512 adipose tissue 499:512 adipose tissue relative to glucose tolerance 499:542 We hypothesized that nutritional adaptation and exercise training, either individually or combined, could impact ERα expression in adipose tissue relative to glucose tolerance. 26923515 5 53 theme ERα 782:784 arg1 expression 786:795 ERα expression 782:795 ERα expression 782:795 The first phase of our study was to investigate the effect of an HF-HS diet on whole-body glucose tolerance, as well as on body composition and ERα expression in different adipose tissues. 26923515 8 54 theme glucose 1082:1088 arg1 tolerance 1090:1098 glucose tolerance 1082:1098 glucose tolerance 1082:1098 Despite a decrease in glucose tolerance, ERα expression in adipose tissues was not significantly altered by an HF-HS diet. 26923515 7 55 theme first 983:987 arg1 part 989:992 the first part 979:992 the first part of this study 979:1006 After the first part of this study, HF-HS-fed rats were fatter (8%) than control rats. 26923515 10 56 theme nutritional 1490:1500 arg1 modulation 1502:1511 nutritional modulation 1490:1511 nutritional modulation after an HF-HS diet 1490:1531 The present findings suggest that diet is a powerful modulator of ERα expression in adipose tissue, as nutritional modulation after an HF-HS diet strongly affects ERα expression, particularly in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue. 26923515 11 57 theme glucose 1714:1720 arg1 tolerance 1722:1730 whole-body glucose tolerance 1703:1730 whole-body glucose tolerance 1703:1730 However, ERα expression in adipose tissue does not appear to be associated with whole-body glucose tolerance. 26923515 9 58 theme glucose 1368:1374 arg1 tolerance 1376:1384 whole-body glucose tolerance 1357:1384 whole-body glucose tolerance 1357:1384 The return to a well-balanced diet significantly increased ERα expression in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue, but there was no effect of diet or exercise training on whole-body glucose tolerance. 26923515 6 59 theme well-balanced 880:892 arg1 diet 894:897 a well-balanced diet 878:897 a well-balanced diet 878:897 Second, we investigated the effect of switching to a well-balanced diet, with or without exercise training for 8 weeks, on those same parameters. 26923515 8 60 theme HF-HS 1171:1175 arg1 diet 1177:1180 an HF-HS diet 1168:1180 an HF-HS diet 1168:1180 Despite a decrease in glucose tolerance, ERα expression in adipose tissues was not significantly altered by an HF-HS diet. 26923515 5 61 theme study 661:665 arg1 phase 648:652 The first phase 638:652 The first phase of our study 638:665 The first phase of our study was to investigate the effect of an HF-HS diet on whole-body glucose tolerance, as well as on body composition and ERα expression in different adipose tissues. 26923515 2 62 theme estrogen 259:266 arg1 role 251:254 The role 247:254 The role of estrogen in adiposity and fuel partitioning 247:301 The role of estrogen in adiposity and fuel partitioning is mediated mainly though the estrogen receptor α (ERα) isoform. 26923515 5 63 from expression 786:795 arg1 tissues 818:824 different adipose tissues 800:824 different adipose tissues 800:824 The first phase of our study was to investigate the effect of an HF-HS diet on whole-body glucose tolerance, as well as on body composition and ERα expression in different adipose tissues. 26923515 1 64 theme food 133:136 arg1 consumption 138:148 Energy-dense food consumption 120:148 Energy-dense food consumption 120:148 Energy-dense food consumption and lack of physical activity are implicated in the development of the current obesity epidemic. 26923515 6 65 theme same 956:959 arg1 parameters 961:970 those same parameters 950:970 those same parameters 950:970 Second, we investigated the effect of switching to a well-balanced diet, with or without exercise training for 8 weeks, on those same parameters. 26923515 11 66 from expression 1636:1645 arg1 tissue 1658:1663 adipose tissue 1650:1663 adipose tissue 1650:1663 However, ERα expression in adipose tissue does not appear to be associated with whole-body glucose tolerance. 26923515 9 67 theme exercise 1336:1343 arg1 training 1345:1352 exercise training 1336:1352 exercise training 1336:1352 The return to a well-balanced diet significantly increased ERα expression in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue, but there was no effect of diet or exercise training on whole-body glucose tolerance. 26923515 1 68 theme current 221:227 arg1 obesity 229:235 the current obesity epidemic 217:244 the current obesity epidemic 217:244 Energy-dense food consumption and lack of physical activity are implicated in the development of the current obesity epidemic. 26923515 0 69 theme adipose 91:97 arg1 tissue 99:104 the adipose tissue 87:104 the adipose tissue of male rats 87:117 Nutritional and exercise interventions variably affect estrogen receptor expression in the adipose tissue of male rats. 26923515 11 70 theme adipose 1650:1656 arg1 tissue 1658:1663 adipose tissue 1650:1663 adipose tissue 1650:1663 However, ERα expression in adipose tissue does not appear to be associated with whole-body glucose tolerance. 26923515 0 71 theme rats 114:117 arg1 tissue 99:104 the adipose tissue 87:104 the adipose tissue of male rats 87:117 Nutritional and exercise interventions variably affect estrogen receptor expression in the adipose tissue of male rats. 26923515 1 72 theme obesity 229:235 arg1 development 202:212 the development 198:212 the development of the current obesity epidemic 198:244 Energy-dense food consumption and lack of physical activity are implicated in the development of the current obesity epidemic. 26923515 5 73 theme HF-HS 703:707 arg1 diet 709:712 an HF-HS diet 700:712 an HF-HS diet 700:712 The first phase of our study was to investigate the effect of an HF-HS diet on whole-body glucose tolerance, as well as on body composition and ERα expression in different adipose tissues. 26923515 9 74 theme well-balanced 1199:1211 arg1 diet 1213:1216 a well-balanced diet 1197:1216 a well-balanced diet 1197:1216 The return to a well-balanced diet significantly increased ERα expression in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue, but there was no effect of diet or exercise training on whole-body glucose tolerance. 26923515 4 75 theme Wistar 557:562 arg1 rats 564:567 Seventy-two Wistar rats 545:567 Seventy-two Wistar rats 545:567 Seventy-two Wistar rats were submitted to a high-fat, high-sucrose (HF-HS) diet for 16weeks. 26923515 5 76 theme body 761:764 arg1 composition 766:776 body composition 761:776 body composition 761:776 The first phase of our study was to investigate the effect of an HF-HS diet on whole-body glucose tolerance, as well as on body composition and ERα expression in different adipose tissues. 26923515 9 77 theme ERα 1242:1244 arg1 expression 1246:1255 ERα expression 1242:1255 ERα expression 1242:1255 The return to a well-balanced diet significantly increased ERα expression in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue, but there was no effect of diet or exercise training on whole-body glucose tolerance. 26923515 5 78 theme diet 709:712 arg1 effect 690:695 the effect 686:695 the effect of an HF-HS diet on whole-body glucose tolerance, as well as on body composition and ERα expression in different adipose tissues 686:824 The first phase of our study was to investigate the effect of an HF-HS diet on whole-body glucose tolerance, as well as on body composition and ERα expression in different adipose tissues. 26923515 0 79 theme receptor 64:71 arg1 expression 73:82 estrogen receptor expression 55:82 estrogen receptor expression in the adipose tissue of male rats 55:117 Nutritional and exercise interventions variably affect estrogen receptor expression in the adipose tissue of male rats. 26923515 4 80 dep diet 620:623 arg1 high-sucrose 599:610 a high-fat, high-sucrose (HF-HS) diet 587:623 high-sucrose 599:610 Seventy-two Wistar rats were submitted to a high-fat, high-sucrose (HF-HS) diet for 16weeks. 26923515 3 81 theme nutritional 389:399 arg1 adaptation 401:410 nutritional adaptation and exercise training 389:432 adaptation 401:410 We hypothesized that nutritional adaptation and exercise training, either individually or combined, could impact ERα expression in adipose tissue relative to glucose tolerance. 26923515 2 82 theme estrogen 333:340 arg1 isoform 359:365 the estrogen receptor α (ERα) isoform 329:365 the estrogen receptor α (ERα) isoform 329:365 The role of estrogen in adiposity and fuel partitioning is mediated mainly though the estrogen receptor α (ERα) isoform. 26923515 10 83 from modulator 1440:1448 arg1 tissue 1479:1484 adipose tissue 1471:1484 adipose tissue 1471:1484 The present findings suggest that diet is a powerful modulator of ERα expression in adipose tissue, as nutritional modulation after an HF-HS diet strongly affects ERα expression, particularly in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue. 26923515 10 84 theme present 1391:1397 arg1 findings 1399:1406 The present findings 1387:1406 The present findings 1387:1406 The present findings suggest that diet is a powerful modulator of ERα expression in adipose tissue, as nutritional modulation after an HF-HS diet strongly affects ERα expression, particularly in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue. 26923515 2 85 theme ERα 354:356 arg1 isoform 359:365 the estrogen receptor α (ERα) isoform 329:365 the estrogen receptor α (ERα) isoform 329:365 The role of estrogen in adiposity and fuel partitioning is mediated mainly though the estrogen receptor α (ERα) isoform. 26923515 9 86 theme adipose 1285:1291 arg1 tissue 1293:1298 epididymal adipose tissue 1274:1298 epididymal adipose tissue 1274:1298 The return to a well-balanced diet significantly increased ERα expression in perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue, but there was no effect of diet or exercise training on whole-body glucose tolerance. 26923515 5 87 theme different 800:808 arg1 tissues 818:824 different adipose tissues 800:824 different adipose tissues 800:824 The first phase of our study was to investigate the effect of an HF-HS diet on whole-body glucose tolerance, as well as on body composition and ERα expression in different adipose tissues. 26923515 4 88 theme HF-HS 613:617 arg1 diet 620:623 a high-fat, high-sucrose (HF-HS) diet 587:623 diet 620:623 Seventy-two Wistar rats were submitted to a high-fat, high-sucrose (HF-HS) diet for 16weeks. 26923515 6 89 from effect 855:860 arg1 parameters 961:970 those same parameters 950:970 those same parameters 950:970 Second, we investigated the effect of switching to a well-balanced diet, with or without exercise training for 8 weeks, on those same parameters. 26923515 3 90 theme relative 514:521 arg1 tissue 507:512 adipose tissue 499:512 adipose tissue relative to glucose tolerance 499:542 We hypothesized that nutritional adaptation and exercise training, either individually or combined, could impact ERα expression in adipose tissue relative to glucose tolerance. 28088290 0 0 theme liver 79:83 arg1 steatosis 85:93 liver steatosis 79:93 liver steatosis 79:93 Could post-weaning dietary chia seed mitigate the development of dyslipidemia, liver steatosis and altered glucose homeostasis in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet from utero to adulthood? 28088290 1 1 dep offspring 281:289 arg1 exposed 291:297 exposed 291:297 offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) from utero to adulthood 281:350 The present work analyzes the effects of dietary chia seeds during postnatal life in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) from utero to adulthood. 28088290 5 2 theme de 859:860 arg1 activities 933:942 hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities 867:942 hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities 867:942 Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. 28088290 5 3 from accretion 964:972 arg1 composition 1022:1032 the total composition 1012:1032 the total composition of liver homogenate 1012:1052 Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. 28088290 1 4 theme dietary 237:243 arg1 seeds 250:254 dietary chia seeds 237:254 dietary chia seeds 237:254 The present work analyzes the effects of dietary chia seeds during postnatal life in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) from utero to adulthood. 28088290 7 5 theme chia 1220:1223 arg1 incorporation 1203:1215 the incorporation 1199:1215 the incorporation of chia seed in the diet in postnatal life 1199:1258 These results confirm that the incorporation of chia seed in the diet in postnatal life may provide a viable therapeutic option for preventing/mitigating adverse outcomes induced by an SRD from utero to adulthood. 28088290 5 6 dep de 859:860 arg1 novo 862:865 novo 862:865 novo 862:865 Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. 28088290 6 7 theme fatty 1091:1095 arg1 acid 1097:1100 plasma free fatty acid 1079:1100 plasma free fatty acid 1079:1100 Glucose homeostasis and plasma free fatty acid levels were improved while visceral adiposity was slightly decreased. 28088290 6 8 theme plasma 1079:1084 arg1 acid 1097:1100 plasma free fatty acid 1079:1100 plasma free fatty acid 1079:1100 Glucose homeostasis and plasma free fatty acid levels were improved while visceral adiposity was slightly decreased. 28088290 1 9 theme chia 245:248 arg1 seeds 250:254 dietary chia seeds 237:254 dietary chia seeds 237:254 The present work analyzes the effects of dietary chia seeds during postnatal life in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) from utero to adulthood. 28088290 2 10 from acid 396:399 arg1 rich 376:379 rich 376:379 rich 376:379 At weaning, chia seed (rich in α-linolenic acid) replaced corn oil (rich in linoleic acid) in the SRD. 28088290 4 11 theme hypertension 680:691 arg1 development 665:675 the development 661:675 the development of hypertension, liver steatosis, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia 661:755 Results showed that chia was able to prevent the development of hypertension, liver steatosis, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. 28088290 6 12 theme visceral 1129:1136 arg1 adiposity 1138:1146 visceral adiposity 1129:1146 visceral adiposity 1129:1146 Glucose homeostasis and plasma free fatty acid levels were improved while visceral adiposity was slightly decreased. 28088290 1 13 theme seeds 250:254 arg1 effects 226:232 the effects 222:232 the effects of dietary chia seeds during postnatal life 222:276 The present work analyzes the effects of dietary chia seeds during postnatal life in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) from utero to adulthood. 28088290 0 14 theme steatosis 85:93 arg1 development 50:60 the development 46:60 the development of dyslipidemia, liver steatosis and altered glucose homeostasis in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet from utero to adulthood 46:193 Could post-weaning dietary chia seed mitigate the development of dyslipidemia, liver steatosis and altered glucose homeostasis in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet from utero to adulthood? 28088290 2 15 dep oil 416:418 arg1 rich 421:424 rich 421:424 rich 421:424 At weaning, chia seed (rich in α-linolenic acid) replaced corn oil (rich in linoleic acid) in the SRD. 28088290 6 16 theme free 1086:1089 arg1 acid 1097:1100 plasma free fatty acid 1079:1100 plasma free fatty acid 1079:1100 Glucose homeostasis and plasma free fatty acid levels were improved while visceral adiposity was slightly decreased. 28088290 5 17 theme triacylglycerol 795:809 arg1 clearance 811:819 triacylglycerol clearance 795:819 triacylglycerol clearance 795:819 Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. 28088290 0 18 theme glucose 107:113 arg1 homeostasis 115:125 altered glucose homeostasis 99:125 altered glucose homeostasis 99:125 Could post-weaning dietary chia seed mitigate the development of dyslipidemia, liver steatosis and altered glucose homeostasis in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet from utero to adulthood? 28088290 4 19 theme liver 694:698 arg1 steatosis 700:708 liver steatosis 694:708 liver steatosis 694:708 Results showed that chia was able to prevent the development of hypertension, liver steatosis, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. 28088290 7 20 from incorporation 1203:1215 arg1 life 1255:1258 postnatal life 1245:1258 postnatal life 1245:1258 These results confirm that the incorporation of chia seed in the diet in postnatal life may provide a viable therapeutic option for preventing/mitigating adverse outcomes induced by an SRD from utero to adulthood. 28088290 5 21 from composition 1022:1032 arg1 accretion 964:972 an accretion 961:972 an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate 961:1052 Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. 28088290 0 22 theme altered 99:105 arg1 homeostasis 115:125 altered glucose homeostasis 99:125 altered glucose homeostasis 99:125 Could post-weaning dietary chia seed mitigate the development of dyslipidemia, liver steatosis and altered glucose homeostasis in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet from utero to adulthood? 28088290 5 23 theme transferase-1 909:921 arg1 activities 933:942 hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities 867:942 hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities 867:942 Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. 28088290 6 24 theme homeostasis 1063:1073 arg1 levels 1102:1107 Glucose homeostasis and plasma free fatty acid levels 1055:1107 Glucose homeostasis and plasma free fatty acid levels 1055:1107 Glucose homeostasis and plasma free fatty acid levels were improved while visceral adiposity was slightly decreased. 28088290 0 25 theme post-weaning 6:17 arg1 chia 27:30 post-weaning dietary chia 6:30 post-weaning dietary chia 6:30 Could post-weaning dietary chia seed mitigate the development of dyslipidemia, liver steatosis and altered glucose homeostasis in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet from utero to adulthood? 28088290 7 26 theme viable 1274:1279 arg1 option 1293:1298 a viable therapeutic option 1272:1298 a viable therapeutic option for preventing/mitigating adverse outcomes induced by an SRD from utero to adulthood 1272:1383 These results confirm that the incorporation of chia seed in the diet in postnatal life may provide a viable therapeutic option for preventing/mitigating adverse outcomes induced by an SRD from utero to adulthood. 28088290 7 27 theme postnatal 1245:1253 arg1 life 1255:1258 postnatal life 1245:1258 postnatal life 1245:1258 These results confirm that the incorporation of chia seed in the diet in postnatal life may provide a viable therapeutic option for preventing/mitigating adverse outcomes induced by an SRD from utero to adulthood. 28088290 3 28 theme life 481:484 arg1 days 463:466 150 days 459:466 150 days of offspring life 459:484 At 150 days of offspring life, anthropometrical parameters, blood pressure, plasma metabolites, hepatic lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis were analyzed. 28088290 6 29 theme Glucose 1055:1061 arg1 homeostasis 1063:1073 Glucose homeostasis 1055:1073 Glucose homeostasis 1055:1073 Glucose homeostasis and plasma free fatty acid levels were improved while visceral adiposity was slightly decreased. 28088290 1 30 theme postnatal 263:271 arg1 life 273:276 postnatal life 263:276 postnatal life 263:276 The present work analyzes the effects of dietary chia seeds during postnatal life in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) from utero to adulthood. 28088290 5 31 theme homogenate 1043:1052 arg1 composition 1022:1032 the total composition 1012:1032 the total composition of liver homogenate 1012:1052 Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. 28088290 5 32 theme enzymatic 923:931 arg1 activities 933:942 hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities 867:942 hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities 867:942 Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. 28088290 7 33 from utero 1366:1370 arg1 SRD 1357:1359 an SRD 1354:1359 an SRD from utero to adulthood 1354:1383 These results confirm that the incorporation of chia seed in the diet in postnatal life may provide a viable therapeutic option for preventing/mitigating adverse outcomes induced by an SRD from utero to adulthood. 28088290 2 34 from rich 421:424 arg1 acid 438:441 linoleic acid 429:441 linoleic acid 429:441 At weaning, chia seed (rich in α-linolenic acid) replaced corn oil (rich in linoleic acid) in the SRD. 28088290 2 35 theme α-linolenic 384:394 arg1 acid 396:399 α-linolenic acid 384:399 α-linolenic acid 384:399 At weaning, chia seed (rich in α-linolenic acid) replaced corn oil (rich in linoleic acid) in the SRD. 28088290 5 36 theme activities 933:942 arg1 improvement 844:854 an improvement 841:854 an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate 841:1052 Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. 28088290 5 37 theme acids 1003:1007 arg1 accretion 964:972 an accretion 961:972 an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate 961:1052 Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. 28088290 2 38 theme rich 376:379 arg1 chia 365:368 chia seed 365:373 chia seed (rich in α-linolenic acid) 365:400 At weaning, chia seed (rich in α-linolenic acid) replaced corn oil (rich in linoleic acid) in the SRD. 28088290 1 39 from utero 333:337 arg1 SRD 323:325 SRD 323:325 SRD 323:325 The present work analyzes the effects of dietary chia seeds during postnatal life in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) from utero to adulthood. 28088290 1 39 from utero 333:337 arg1 diet 317:320 a sucrose-rich diet 302:320 a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) from utero to adulthood 302:350 The present work analyzes the effects of dietary chia seeds during postnatal life in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) from utero to adulthood. 28088290 0 40 from utero 176:180 arg1 diet 166:169 a sucrose-rich diet 151:169 a sucrose-rich diet from utero to adulthood 151:193 Could post-weaning dietary chia seed mitigate the development of dyslipidemia, liver steatosis and altered glucose homeostasis in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet from utero to adulthood? 28088290 0 41 theme homeostasis 115:125 arg1 development 50:60 the development 46:60 the development of dyslipidemia, liver steatosis and altered glucose homeostasis in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet from utero to adulthood 46:193 Could post-weaning dietary chia seed mitigate the development of dyslipidemia, liver steatosis and altered glucose homeostasis in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet from utero to adulthood? 28088290 3 42 theme lipid 560:564 arg1 metabolism 566:575 hepatic lipid metabolism 552:575 hepatic lipid metabolism 552:575 At 150 days of offspring life, anthropometrical parameters, blood pressure, plasma metabolites, hepatic lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis were analyzed. 28088290 3 43 theme offspring 471:479 arg1 life 481:484 offspring life 471:484 offspring life 471:484 At 150 days of offspring life, anthropometrical parameters, blood pressure, plasma metabolites, hepatic lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis were analyzed. 28088290 5 44 from acids 1003:1007 arg1 composition 1022:1032 the total composition 1012:1032 the total composition of liver homogenate 1012:1052 Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. 28088290 7 45 theme therapeutic 1281:1291 arg1 option 1293:1298 a viable therapeutic option 1272:1298 a viable therapeutic option for preventing/mitigating adverse outcomes induced by an SRD from utero to adulthood 1272:1383 These results confirm that the incorporation of chia seed in the diet in postnatal life may provide a viable therapeutic option for preventing/mitigating adverse outcomes induced by an SRD from utero to adulthood. 28088290 5 46 theme fatty 997:1001 arg1 acids 1003:1007 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids 977:1007 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate 977:1052 Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. 28088290 1 47 theme present 200:206 arg1 work 208:211 The present work 196:211 The present work 196:211 The present work analyzes the effects of dietary chia seeds during postnatal life in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) from utero to adulthood. 28088290 4 48 theme hypertriglyceridemia 711:730 arg1 development 665:675 the development 661:675 the development of hypertension, liver steatosis, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia 661:755 Results showed that chia was able to prevent the development of hypertension, liver steatosis, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. 28088290 7 49 theme adverse 1326:1332 arg1 outcomes 1334:1341 adverse outcomes 1326:1341 adverse outcomes induced by an SRD from utero to adulthood 1326:1383 These results confirm that the incorporation of chia seed in the diet in postnatal life may provide a viable therapeutic option for preventing/mitigating adverse outcomes induced by an SRD from utero to adulthood. 28088290 2 50 theme seed 370:373 arg1 chia 365:368 chia seed 365:373 chia seed (rich in α-linolenic acid) 365:400 At weaning, chia seed (rich in α-linolenic acid) replaced corn oil (rich in linoleic acid) in the SRD. 28088290 2 51 from acid 438:441 arg1 rich 421:424 rich 421:424 rich 421:424 At weaning, chia seed (rich in α-linolenic acid) replaced corn oil (rich in linoleic acid) in the SRD. 28088290 3 52 theme blood 516:520 arg1 pressure 522:529 blood pressure 516:529 blood pressure 516:529 At 150 days of offspring life, anthropometrical parameters, blood pressure, plasma metabolites, hepatic lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis were analyzed. 28088290 5 53 theme Normal 758:763 arg1 secretion 781:789 Normal triacylglycerol secretion 758:789 Normal triacylglycerol secretion 758:789 Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. 28088290 2 54 theme corn 411:414 arg1 oil 416:418 corn oil 411:418 corn oil (rich in linoleic acid) 411:442 At weaning, chia seed (rich in α-linolenic acid) replaced corn oil (rich in linoleic acid) in the SRD. 28088290 5 55 theme triacylglycerol 765:779 arg1 secretion 781:789 Normal triacylglycerol secretion 758:789 Normal triacylglycerol secretion 758:789 Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. 28088290 3 56 theme hepatic 552:558 arg1 metabolism 566:575 hepatic lipid metabolism 552:575 hepatic lipid metabolism 552:575 At 150 days of offspring life, anthropometrical parameters, blood pressure, plasma metabolites, hepatic lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis were analyzed. 28088290 3 57 theme anthropometrical 487:502 arg1 parameters 504:513 anthropometrical parameters 487:513 anthropometrical parameters 487:513 At 150 days of offspring life, anthropometrical parameters, blood pressure, plasma metabolites, hepatic lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis were analyzed. 28088290 5 58 theme hepatic 867:873 arg1 activities 933:942 hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities 867:942 hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities 867:942 Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. 28088290 5 59 theme total 1016:1020 arg1 composition 1022:1032 the total composition 1012:1032 the total composition of liver homogenate 1012:1052 Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. 28088290 5 60 theme lipogenic 875:883 arg1 activities 933:942 hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities 867:942 hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities 867:942 Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. 28088290 1 61 theme sucrose-rich 304:315 arg1 SRD 323:325 SRD 323:325 SRD 323:325 The present work analyzes the effects of dietary chia seeds during postnatal life in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) from utero to adulthood. 28088290 1 61 theme sucrose-rich 304:315 arg1 diet 317:320 a sucrose-rich diet 302:320 a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) from utero to adulthood 302:350 The present work analyzes the effects of dietary chia seeds during postnatal life in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) from utero to adulthood. 28088290 3 62 theme plasma 532:537 arg1 metabolites 539:549 plasma metabolites 532:549 plasma metabolites 532:549 At 150 days of offspring life, anthropometrical parameters, blood pressure, plasma metabolites, hepatic lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis were analyzed. 28088290 4 63 theme hypercholesterolemia 736:755 arg1 development 665:675 the development 661:675 the development of hypertension, liver steatosis, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia 661:755 Results showed that chia was able to prevent the development of hypertension, liver steatosis, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. 28088290 0 64 theme sucrose-rich 153:164 arg1 diet 166:169 a sucrose-rich diet 151:169 a sucrose-rich diet from utero to adulthood 151:193 Could post-weaning dietary chia seed mitigate the development of dyslipidemia, liver steatosis and altered glucose homeostasis in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet from utero to adulthood? 28088290 5 65 theme liver 1037:1041 arg1 homogenate 1043:1052 liver homogenate 1037:1052 liver homogenate 1037:1052 Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. 28088290 4 66 theme steatosis 700:708 arg1 development 665:675 the development 661:675 the development of hypertension, liver steatosis, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia 661:755 Results showed that chia was able to prevent the development of hypertension, liver steatosis, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. 28088290 5 67 theme carnitine-palmitoyl 889:907 arg1 activities 933:942 hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities 867:942 hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities 867:942 Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. 28088290 0 68 theme dyslipidemia 65:76 arg1 development 50:60 the development 46:60 the development of dyslipidemia, liver steatosis and altered glucose homeostasis in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet from utero to adulthood 46:193 Could post-weaning dietary chia seed mitigate the development of dyslipidemia, liver steatosis and altered glucose homeostasis in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet from utero to adulthood? 28088290 3 69 theme glucose 581:587 arg1 homeostasis 589:599 glucose homeostasis 581:599 glucose homeostasis 581:599 At 150 days of offspring life, anthropometrical parameters, blood pressure, plasma metabolites, hepatic lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis were analyzed. 28088290 5 70 theme polyunsaturated 981:995 arg1 acids 1003:1007 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids 977:1007 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate 977:1052 Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. 28088290 6 71 theme acid 1097:1100 arg1 levels 1102:1107 Glucose homeostasis and plasma free fatty acid levels 1055:1107 Glucose homeostasis and plasma free fatty acid levels 1055:1107 Glucose homeostasis and plasma free fatty acid levels were improved while visceral adiposity was slightly decreased. 28088290 2 72 theme linoleic 429:436 arg1 acid 438:441 linoleic acid 429:441 linoleic acid 429:441 At weaning, chia seed (rich in α-linolenic acid) replaced corn oil (rich in linoleic acid) in the SRD. 28088290 0 73 theme dietary 19:25 arg1 chia 27:30 post-weaning dietary chia 6:30 post-weaning dietary chia 6:30 Could post-weaning dietary chia seed mitigate the development of dyslipidemia, liver steatosis and altered glucose homeostasis in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet from utero to adulthood? 28088290 2 74 from rich 376:379 arg1 acid 396:399 α-linolenic acid 384:399 α-linolenic acid 384:399 At weaning, chia seed (rich in α-linolenic acid) replaced corn oil (rich in linoleic acid) in the SRD. 28088290 0 75 dep offspring 130:138 arg1 exposed 140:146 exposed 140:146 offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet from utero to adulthood 130:193 Could post-weaning dietary chia seed mitigate the development of dyslipidemia, liver steatosis and altered glucose homeostasis in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet from utero to adulthood? 27580606 10 0 from cells 1510:1514 arg1 isolation 1470:1478 the isolation 1466:1478 the isolation of curli from curli-producing cells that do not produce cellulose 1466:1544 Yet, Congo red has no influence on the isolation of curli from curli-producing cells that do not produce cellulose. 27580606 14 1 theme red 2131:2133 arg1 role 2117:2120 the role 2113:2120 the role of Congo red in purification protocols 2113:2159 Graphical abstract Solid-state NMR was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble amyloid-associated ECM from uropathogenic E. coli and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 11 2 theme dodecyl 1554:1560 arg1 sulfate 1562:1568 Sodium dodecyl sulfate 1547:1568 Sodium dodecyl sulfate 1547:1568 Sodium dodecyl sulfate can remove Congo red from curli, but not from cellulose. 27580606 13 3 theme matrix 1822:1827 arg1 purification 1829:1840 an extracellular matrix purification aid 1805:1844 an extracellular matrix purification aid 1805:1844 The use of Congo red as an extracellular matrix purification aid may be applied broadly to other organisms that assemble extracellular amyloid or cellulosic materials. 27580606 1 4 theme Microbial 139:147 arg1 biofilms 149:156 Microbial biofilms 139:156 Microbial biofilms 139:156 Microbial biofilms are communities of cells characterized by a hallmark extracellular matrix (ECM) that confers functional attributes to the community, including enhanced cohesion, adherence to surfaces, and resistance to external stresses. 27580606 1 4 theme Microbial 139:147 arg1 communities 162:172 communities 162:172 communities of cells characterized by a hallmark extracellular matrix (ECM) that confers functional attributes to the community, including enhanced cohesion, adherence to surfaces, and resistance to external stresses 162:377 Microbial biofilms are communities of cells characterized by a hallmark extracellular matrix (ECM) that confers functional attributes to the community, including enhanced cohesion, adherence to surfaces, and resistance to external stresses. 27580606 6 5 contain contains 908:915 arg1 ECM 904:906 The ECM 900:906 The ECM 900:906 The ECM contains curli amyloid fibers and a modified form of cellulose. 27580606 6 5 contain contains 908:915 arg2 form 953:956 a modified form 942:956 a modified form of cellulose 942:969 The ECM contains curli amyloid fibers and a modified form of cellulose. 27580606 6 5 contain contains 908:915 arg2 fibers 931:936 curli amyloid fibers 917:936 curli amyloid fibers 917:936 The ECM contains curli amyloid fibers and a modified form of cellulose. 27580606 4 6 theme nuclear 609:615 arg1 resonance 626:634 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance 597:634 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance 597:634 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble ECM from the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 12 7 with interactions 1702:1713 arg1 surface 1729:1735 the cell surface 1720:1735 the cell surface 1720:1735 Thus, Congo red binds strongly to cellulose and possibly weakens cellulose interactions with the cell surface, enabling more complete removal of the ECM. 27580606 6 8 theme modified 944:951 arg1 form 953:956 a modified form 942:956 a modified form of cellulose 942:969 The ECM contains curli amyloid fibers and a modified form of cellulose. 27580606 0 9 from cellulose 49:57 arg1 coli 95:98 E. coli 92:98 E. coli 92:98 Influence of the amyloid dye Congo red on curli, cellulose, and the extracellular matrix in E. coli during growth and matrix purification. 27580606 7 10 dep presence 1061:1068 arg1 score 1139:1143 score 1139:1143 score 1139:1143 Biofilms formed by UTI89 and other E. coli and Salmonella strains are often grown in the presence of Congo red to visually emphasize wrinkled agar morphologies and to score the production of ECM. 27580606 7 10 dep presence 1061:1068 arg1 emphasize 1095:1103 emphasize 1095:1103 to visually emphasize wrinkled agar morphologies 1083:1130 Biofilms formed by UTI89 and other E. coli and Salmonella strains are often grown in the presence of Congo red to visually emphasize wrinkled agar morphologies and to score the production of ECM. 27580606 7 11 theme other 1001:1005 arg1 strains 1030:1036 other E. coli and Salmonella strains 1001:1036 other E. coli and Salmonella strains 1001:1036 Biofilms formed by UTI89 and other E. coli and Salmonella strains are often grown in the presence of Congo red to visually emphasize wrinkled agar morphologies and to score the production of ECM. 27580606 5 12 theme amyloid-integrated 837:854 arg1 biofilms 856:863 amyloid-integrated biofilms 837:863 amyloid-integrated biofilms 837:863 UTI89 assembles amyloid-integrated biofilms when grown on YESCA nutrient agar. 27580606 0 13 from curli 42:46 arg1 coli 95:98 E. coli 92:98 E. coli 92:98 Influence of the amyloid dye Congo red on curli, cellulose, and the extracellular matrix in E. coli during growth and matrix purification. 27580606 4 14 theme insoluble 690:698 arg1 ECM 700:702 the insoluble ECM 686:702 the insoluble ECM 686:702 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble ECM from the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 14 15 theme amyloid-associated 2048:2065 arg1 ECM 2067:2069 the insoluble amyloid-associated ECM 2034:2069 the insoluble amyloid-associated ECM 2034:2069 Graphical abstract Solid-state NMR was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble amyloid-associated ECM from uropathogenic E. coli and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 6 16 theme amyloid 923:929 arg1 fibers 931:936 curli amyloid fibers 917:936 curli amyloid fibers 917:936 The ECM contains curli amyloid fibers and a modified form of cellulose. 27580606 7 17 theme agar 1114:1117 arg1 morphologies 1119:1130 wrinkled agar morphologies 1105:1130 wrinkled agar morphologies 1105:1130 Biofilms formed by UTI89 and other E. coli and Salmonella strains are often grown in the presence of Congo red to visually emphasize wrinkled agar morphologies and to score the production of ECM. 27580606 0 18 theme matrix 118:123 arg1 purification 125:136 matrix purification 118:136 matrix purification 118:136 Influence of the amyloid dye Congo red on curli, cellulose, and the extracellular matrix in E. coli during growth and matrix purification. 27580606 1 19 theme hallmark 202:209 arg1 ECM 233:235 ECM 233:235 ECM 233:235 Microbial biofilms are communities of cells characterized by a hallmark extracellular matrix (ECM) that confers functional attributes to the community, including enhanced cohesion, adherence to surfaces, and resistance to external stresses. 27580606 1 19 theme hallmark 202:209 arg1 matrix 225:230 a hallmark extracellular matrix 200:230 a hallmark extracellular matrix (ECM) that confers functional attributes to the community, including enhanced cohesion, adherence to surfaces, and resistance to external stresses 200:377 Microbial biofilms are communities of cells characterized by a hallmark extracellular matrix (ECM) that confers functional attributes to the community, including enhanced cohesion, adherence to surfaces, and resistance to external stresses. 27580606 3 20 dep methods 513:519 arg1 isolate 524:530 isolate 524:530 isolate 524:530 New methods to isolate and characterize ECM are emerging for different biofilm systems. 27580606 3 20 dep methods 513:519 arg1 characterize 536:547 characterize 536:547 characterize ECM 536:551 New methods to isolate and characterize ECM are emerging for different biofilm systems. 27580606 13 21 theme extracellular 1808:1820 arg1 matrix 1822:1827 an extracellular matrix 1805:1827 an extracellular matrix purification aid 1805:1844 The use of Congo red as an extracellular matrix purification aid may be applied broadly to other organisms that assemble extracellular amyloid or cellulosic materials. 27580606 3 22 theme biofilm 580:586 arg1 systems 588:594 different biofilm systems 570:594 different biofilm systems 570:594 New methods to isolate and characterize ECM are emerging for different biofilm systems. 27580606 4 23 from role 776:779 arg1 protocols 810:818 purification protocols 797:818 purification protocols 797:818 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble ECM from the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 5 24 theme nutrient 885:892 arg1 agar 894:897 YESCA nutrient agar 879:897 YESCA nutrient agar 879:897 UTI89 assembles amyloid-integrated biofilms when grown on YESCA nutrient agar. 27580606 14 25 theme insoluble 2038:2046 arg1 ECM 2067:2069 the insoluble amyloid-associated ECM 2034:2069 the insoluble amyloid-associated ECM 2034:2069 Graphical abstract Solid-state NMR was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble amyloid-associated ECM from uropathogenic E. coli and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 0 26 from Influence 0:8 arg1 cellulose 49:57 cellulose 49:57 cellulose 49:57 Influence of the amyloid dye Congo red on curli, cellulose, and the extracellular matrix in E. coli during growth and matrix purification. 27580606 0 26 from Influence 0:8 arg1 curli 42:46 curli 42:46 curli 42:46 Influence of the amyloid dye Congo red on curli, cellulose, and the extracellular matrix in E. coli during growth and matrix purification. 27580606 0 26 from Influence 0:8 arg1 matrix 82:87 the extracellular matrix 64:87 the extracellular matrix in E. coli during growth and matrix purification 64:136 Influence of the amyloid dye Congo red on curli, cellulose, and the extracellular matrix in E. coli during growth and matrix purification. 27580606 7 27 theme ECM 1163:1165 arg1 production 1149:1158 the production 1145:1158 the production of ECM 1145:1165 Biofilms formed by UTI89 and other E. coli and Salmonella strains are often grown in the presence of Congo red to visually emphasize wrinkled agar morphologies and to score the production of ECM. 27580606 2 28 dep composition 398:408 arg1 the 394:396 the 394:396 the 394:396 Understanding the composition and properties of the biofilm ECM is crucial to understanding how it functions and protects cells. 27580606 4 29 theme uropathogenic 713:725 arg1 strain 744:749 the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 709:755 the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 709:755 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble ECM from the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 4 30 theme coli 739:742 arg1 strain 744:749 the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 709:755 the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 709:755 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble ECM from the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 1 31 theme functional 251:260 arg1 cohesion 310:317 enhanced cohesion 301:317 enhanced cohesion 301:317 Microbial biofilms are communities of cells characterized by a hallmark extracellular matrix (ECM) that confers functional attributes to the community, including enhanced cohesion, adherence to surfaces, and resistance to external stresses. 27580606 1 31 theme functional 251:260 arg1 attributes 262:271 functional attributes 251:271 functional attributes 251:271 Microbial biofilms are communities of cells characterized by a hallmark extracellular matrix (ECM) that confers functional attributes to the community, including enhanced cohesion, adherence to surfaces, and resistance to external stresses. 27580606 1 31 theme functional 251:260 arg1 resistance 347:356 resistance 347:356 resistance to external stresses 347:377 Microbial biofilms are communities of cells characterized by a hallmark extracellular matrix (ECM) that confers functional attributes to the community, including enhanced cohesion, adherence to surfaces, and resistance to external stresses. 27580606 1 31 theme functional 251:260 arg1 adherence 320:328 adherence 320:328 adherence to surfaces 320:340 Microbial biofilms are communities of cells characterized by a hallmark extracellular matrix (ECM) that confers functional attributes to the community, including enhanced cohesion, adherence to surfaces, and resistance to external stresses. 27580606 0 32 theme dye 25:27 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of the amyloid dye Congo red on curli, cellulose, and the extracellular matrix in E. coli during growth and matrix purification. 0:137 Influence of the amyloid dye Congo red on curli, cellulose, and the extracellular matrix in E. coli during growth and matrix purification. 27580606 12 33 theme ECM 1776:1778 arg1 removal 1761:1767 more complete removal 1747:1767 more complete removal of the ECM 1747:1778 Thus, Congo red binds strongly to cellulose and possibly weakens cellulose interactions with the cell surface, enabling more complete removal of the ECM. 27580606 12 34 theme cell 1724:1727 arg1 surface 1729:1735 the cell surface 1720:1735 the cell surface 1720:1735 Thus, Congo red binds strongly to cellulose and possibly weakens cellulose interactions with the cell surface, enabling more complete removal of the ECM. 27580606 2 35 theme biofilm 432:438 arg1 ECM 440:442 the biofilm ECM 428:442 the biofilm ECM 428:442 Understanding the composition and properties of the biofilm ECM is crucial to understanding how it functions and protects cells. 27580606 14 36 theme abstract 1959:1966 arg1 NMR 1980:1982 Graphical abstract Solid-state NMR 1949:1982 Graphical abstract Solid-state NMR 1949:1982 Graphical abstract Solid-state NMR was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble amyloid-associated ECM from uropathogenic E. coli and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 13 37 theme amyloid 1916:1922 arg1 materials 1938:1946 extracellular amyloid or cellulosic materials 1902:1946 extracellular amyloid or cellulosic materials 1902:1946 The use of Congo red as an extracellular matrix purification aid may be applied broadly to other organisms that assemble extracellular amyloid or cellulosic materials. 27580606 9 38 from biofilms 1348:1355 arg1 extraction 1315:1324 more facile extraction 1303:1324 more facile extraction of the ECM from UTI89 biofilms 1303:1355 We found that growth in Congo red enabled more facile extraction of the ECM from UTI89 biofilms and facilitates isolation of cellulose from the curli mutant, UTI89ΔcsgA. 27580606 9 39 theme facile 1308:1313 arg1 extraction 1315:1324 more facile extraction 1303:1324 more facile extraction of the ECM from UTI89 biofilms 1303:1355 We found that growth in Congo red enabled more facile extraction of the ECM from UTI89 biofilms and facilitates isolation of cellulose from the curli mutant, UTI89ΔcsgA. 27580606 13 40 theme cellulosic 1927:1936 arg1 materials 1938:1946 extracellular amyloid or cellulosic materials 1902:1946 extracellular amyloid or cellulosic materials 1902:1946 The use of Congo red as an extracellular matrix purification aid may be applied broadly to other organisms that assemble extracellular amyloid or cellulosic materials. 27580606 12 41 theme complete 1752:1759 arg1 removal 1761:1767 more complete removal 1747:1767 more complete removal of the ECM 1747:1778 Thus, Congo red binds strongly to cellulose and possibly weakens cellulose interactions with the cell surface, enabling more complete removal of the ECM. 27580606 9 42 from mutant 1411:1416 arg1 isolation 1373:1381 isolation 1373:1381 isolation of cellulose from the curli mutant, UTI89ΔcsgA 1373:1428 We found that growth in Congo red enabled more facile extraction of the ECM from UTI89 biofilms and facilitates isolation of cellulose from the curli mutant, UTI89ΔcsgA. 27580606 12 43 theme cellulose 1692:1700 arg1 interactions 1702:1713 cellulose interactions 1692:1713 cellulose interactions with the cell surface 1692:1735 Thus, Congo red binds strongly to cellulose and possibly weakens cellulose interactions with the cell surface, enabling more complete removal of the ECM. 27580606 11 44 theme Sodium 1547:1552 arg1 sulfate 1562:1568 Sodium dodecyl sulfate 1547:1568 Sodium dodecyl sulfate 1547:1568 Sodium dodecyl sulfate can remove Congo red from curli, but not from cellulose. 27580606 9 45 theme ECM 1333:1335 arg1 extraction 1315:1324 more facile extraction 1303:1324 more facile extraction of the ECM from UTI89 biofilms 1303:1355 We found that growth in Congo red enabled more facile extraction of the ECM from UTI89 biofilms and facilitates isolation of cellulose from the curli mutant, UTI89ΔcsgA. 27580606 6 46 theme curli 917:921 arg1 fibers 931:936 curli amyloid fibers 917:936 curli amyloid fibers 917:936 The ECM contains curli amyloid fibers and a modified form of cellulose. 27580606 10 47 theme curli-producing 1494:1508 arg1 cells 1510:1514 curli-producing cells 1494:1514 curli-producing cells that do not produce cellulose 1494:1544 Yet, Congo red has no influence on the isolation of curli from curli-producing cells that do not produce cellulose. 27580606 7 48 theme red 1079:1081 arg1 presence 1061:1068 the presence 1057:1068 the presence of Congo red to visually emphasize wrinkled agar morphologies and to score the production of ECM 1057:1165 Biofilms formed by UTI89 and other E. coli and Salmonella strains are often grown in the presence of Congo red to visually emphasize wrinkled agar morphologies and to score the production of ECM. 27580606 3 49 theme New 509:511 arg1 methods 513:519 New methods 509:519 New methods to isolate and characterize ECM 509:551 New methods to isolate and characterize ECM are emerging for different biofilm systems. 27580606 10 50 theme curli 1483:1487 arg1 isolation 1470:1478 the isolation 1466:1478 the isolation of curli from curli-producing cells that do not produce cellulose 1466:1544 Yet, Congo red has no influence on the isolation of curli from curli-producing cells that do not produce cellulose. 27580606 0 51 theme red 35:37 arg1 dye 25:27 the amyloid dye 13:27 the amyloid dye Congo red 13:37 Influence of the amyloid dye Congo red on curli, cellulose, and the extracellular matrix in E. coli during growth and matrix purification. 27580606 14 52 from coli 2093:2096 arg1 isolation 2021:2029 the isolation 2017:2029 the isolation of the insoluble amyloid-associated ECM from uropathogenic E. coli 2017:2096 Graphical abstract Solid-state NMR was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble amyloid-associated ECM from uropathogenic E. coli and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 9 53 theme cellulose 1386:1394 arg1 isolation 1373:1381 isolation 1373:1381 isolation of cellulose from the curli mutant, UTI89ΔcsgA 1373:1428 We found that growth in Congo red enabled more facile extraction of the ECM from UTI89 biofilms and facilitates isolation of cellulose from the curli mutant, UTI89ΔcsgA. 27580606 6 54 theme cellulose 961:969 arg1 form 953:956 a modified form 942:956 a modified form of cellulose 942:969 The ECM contains curli amyloid fibers and a modified form of cellulose. 27580606 6 54 theme cellulose 961:969 arg1 fibers 931:936 curli amyloid fibers 917:936 curli amyloid fibers 917:936 The ECM contains curli amyloid fibers and a modified form of cellulose. 27580606 9 55 theme curli 1405:1409 arg1 UTI89ΔcsgA 1419:1428 UTI89ΔcsgA 1419:1428 UTI89ΔcsgA 1419:1428 We found that growth in Congo red enabled more facile extraction of the ECM from UTI89 biofilms and facilitates isolation of cellulose from the curli mutant, UTI89ΔcsgA. 27580606 9 55 theme curli 1405:1409 arg1 mutant 1411:1416 the curli mutant 1401:1416 the curli mutant 1401:1416 We found that growth in Congo red enabled more facile extraction of the ECM from UTI89 biofilms and facilitates isolation of cellulose from the curli mutant, UTI89ΔcsgA. 27580606 4 56 theme Solid-state 597:607 arg1 resonance 626:634 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance 597:634 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance 597:634 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble ECM from the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 1 57 theme cells 177:181 arg1 biofilms 149:156 Microbial biofilms 139:156 Microbial biofilms 139:156 Microbial biofilms are communities of cells characterized by a hallmark extracellular matrix (ECM) that confers functional attributes to the community, including enhanced cohesion, adherence to surfaces, and resistance to external stresses. 27580606 1 57 theme cells 177:181 arg1 communities 162:172 communities 162:172 communities of cells characterized by a hallmark extracellular matrix (ECM) that confers functional attributes to the community, including enhanced cohesion, adherence to surfaces, and resistance to external stresses 162:377 Microbial biofilms are communities of cells characterized by a hallmark extracellular matrix (ECM) that confers functional attributes to the community, including enhanced cohesion, adherence to surfaces, and resistance to external stresses. 27580606 4 58 theme magnetic 617:624 arg1 resonance 626:634 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance 597:634 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance 597:634 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble ECM from the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 14 59 theme ECM 2067:2069 arg1 isolation 2021:2029 the isolation 2017:2029 the isolation of the insoluble amyloid-associated ECM from uropathogenic E. coli 2017:2096 Graphical abstract Solid-state NMR was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble amyloid-associated ECM from uropathogenic E. coli and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 7 60 theme Salmonella 1019:1028 arg1 strains 1030:1036 other E. coli and Salmonella strains 1001:1036 other E. coli and Salmonella strains 1001:1036 Biofilms formed by UTI89 and other E. coli and Salmonella strains are often grown in the presence of Congo red to visually emphasize wrinkled agar morphologies and to score the production of ECM. 27580606 1 61 theme external 361:368 arg1 stresses 370:377 external stresses 361:377 external stresses 361:377 Microbial biofilms are communities of cells characterized by a hallmark extracellular matrix (ECM) that confers functional attributes to the community, including enhanced cohesion, adherence to surfaces, and resistance to external stresses. 27580606 0 62 from matrix 82:87 arg1 coli 95:98 E. coli 92:98 E. coli 92:98 Influence of the amyloid dye Congo red on curli, cellulose, and the extracellular matrix in E. coli during growth and matrix purification. 27580606 13 63 theme red 1798:1800 arg1 use 1785:1787 The use 1781:1787 The use of Congo red as an extracellular matrix purification aid 1781:1844 The use of Congo red as an extracellular matrix purification aid may be applied broadly to other organisms that assemble extracellular amyloid or cellulosic materials. 27580606 7 64 theme coli 1010:1013 arg1 strains 1030:1036 other E. coli and Salmonella strains 1001:1036 other E. coli and Salmonella strains 1001:1036 Biofilms formed by UTI89 and other E. coli and Salmonella strains are often grown in the presence of Congo red to visually emphasize wrinkled agar morphologies and to score the production of ECM. 27580606 4 65 used used 640:643 arg2 resonance 626:634 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance 597:634 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance 597:634 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble ECM from the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 4 66 theme ECM 700:702 arg1 isolation 673:681 the isolation 669:681 the isolation of the insoluble ECM from the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 669:755 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble ECM from the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 14 67 used used 1988:1991 arg2 NMR 1980:1982 Graphical abstract Solid-state NMR 1949:1982 Graphical abstract Solid-state NMR 1949:1982 Graphical abstract Solid-state NMR was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble amyloid-associated ECM from uropathogenic E. coli and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 3 68 theme different 570:578 arg1 systems 588:594 different biofilm systems 570:594 different biofilm systems 570:594 New methods to isolate and characterize ECM are emerging for different biofilm systems. 27580606 5 69 theme YESCA 879:883 arg1 agar 894:897 YESCA nutrient agar 879:897 YESCA nutrient agar 879:897 UTI89 assembles amyloid-integrated biofilms when grown on YESCA nutrient agar. 27580606 1 70 theme enhanced 301:308 arg1 cohesion 310:317 enhanced cohesion 301:317 enhanced cohesion 301:317 Microbial biofilms are communities of cells characterized by a hallmark extracellular matrix (ECM) that confers functional attributes to the community, including enhanced cohesion, adherence to surfaces, and resistance to external stresses. 27580606 10 71 contain has 1446:1448 arg1 red 1442:1444 red 1442:1444 red 1442:1444 Yet, Congo red has no influence on the isolation of curli from curli-producing cells that do not produce cellulose. 27580606 10 71 contain has 1446:1448 arg2 influence 1453:1461 no influence 1450:1461 no influence 1450:1461 Yet, Congo red has no influence on the isolation of curli from curli-producing cells that do not produce cellulose. 27580606 14 72 from role 2117:2120 arg1 protocols 2151:2159 purification protocols 2138:2159 purification protocols 2138:2159 Graphical abstract Solid-state NMR was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble amyloid-associated ECM from uropathogenic E. coli and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 13 73 dep purification 1829:1840 arg1 aid 1842:1844 aid 1842:1844 aid 1842:1844 The use of Congo red as an extracellular matrix purification aid may be applied broadly to other organisms that assemble extracellular amyloid or cellulosic materials. 27580606 4 74 from strain 744:749 arg1 isolation 673:681 the isolation 669:681 the isolation of the insoluble ECM from the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 669:755 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble ECM from the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 9 75 from growth 1275:1280 arg1 red 1291:1293 red 1291:1293 red 1291:1293 We found that growth in Congo red enabled more facile extraction of the ECM from UTI89 biofilms and facilitates isolation of cellulose from the curli mutant, UTI89ΔcsgA. 27580606 0 76 theme amyloid 17:23 arg1 dye 25:27 the amyloid dye 13:27 the amyloid dye Congo red 13:37 Influence of the amyloid dye Congo red on curli, cellulose, and the extracellular matrix in E. coli during growth and matrix purification. 27580606 4 77 theme Escherichia 727:737 arg1 strain 744:749 the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 709:755 the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 709:755 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble ECM from the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 2 78 theme ECM 440:442 arg1 properties 414:423 properties 414:423 properties 414:423 Understanding the composition and properties of the biofilm ECM is crucial to understanding how it functions and protects cells. 27580606 2 78 theme ECM 440:442 arg1 composition 398:408 composition 398:408 composition 398:408 Understanding the composition and properties of the biofilm ECM is crucial to understanding how it functions and protects cells. 27580606 14 79 theme Solid-state 1968:1978 arg1 NMR 1980:1982 Graphical abstract Solid-state NMR 1949:1982 Graphical abstract Solid-state NMR 1949:1982 Graphical abstract Solid-state NMR was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble amyloid-associated ECM from uropathogenic E. coli and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 4 80 theme red 790:792 arg1 role 776:779 the role 772:779 the role of Congo red in purification protocols 772:818 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble ECM from the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 13 81 theme extracellular 1902:1914 arg1 materials 1938:1946 extracellular amyloid or cellulosic materials 1902:1946 extracellular amyloid or cellulosic materials 1902:1946 The use of Congo red as an extracellular matrix purification aid may be applied broadly to other organisms that assemble extracellular amyloid or cellulosic materials. 27580606 0 82 theme extracellular 68:80 arg1 matrix 82:87 the extracellular matrix 64:87 the extracellular matrix in E. coli during growth and matrix purification 64:136 Influence of the amyloid dye Congo red on curli, cellulose, and the extracellular matrix in E. coli during growth and matrix purification. 27580606 7 83 theme wrinkled 1105:1112 arg1 morphologies 1119:1130 wrinkled agar morphologies 1105:1130 wrinkled agar morphologies 1105:1130 Biofilms formed by UTI89 and other E. coli and Salmonella strains are often grown in the presence of Congo red to visually emphasize wrinkled agar morphologies and to score the production of ECM. 27580606 14 84 theme Graphical 1949:1957 arg1 NMR 1980:1982 Graphical abstract Solid-state NMR 1949:1982 Graphical abstract Solid-state NMR 1949:1982 Graphical abstract Solid-state NMR was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble amyloid-associated ECM from uropathogenic E. coli and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 4 85 theme purification 797:808 arg1 protocols 810:818 purification protocols 797:818 purification protocols 797:818 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble ECM from the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 13 86 theme other 1872:1876 arg1 organisms 1878:1886 other organisms 1872:1886 other organisms that assemble extracellular amyloid or cellulosic materials 1872:1946 The use of Congo red as an extracellular matrix purification aid may be applied broadly to other organisms that assemble extracellular amyloid or cellulosic materials. 27580606 14 87 theme purification 2138:2149 arg1 protocols 2151:2159 purification protocols 2138:2159 purification protocols 2138:2159 Graphical abstract Solid-state NMR was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble amyloid-associated ECM from uropathogenic E. coli and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. 27580606 1 88 theme extracellular 211:223 arg1 ECM 233:235 ECM 233:235 ECM 233:235 Microbial biofilms are communities of cells characterized by a hallmark extracellular matrix (ECM) that confers functional attributes to the community, including enhanced cohesion, adherence to surfaces, and resistance to external stresses. 27580606 1 88 theme extracellular 211:223 arg1 matrix 225:230 a hallmark extracellular matrix 200:230 a hallmark extracellular matrix (ECM) that confers functional attributes to the community, including enhanced cohesion, adherence to surfaces, and resistance to external stresses 200:377 Microbial biofilms are communities of cells characterized by a hallmark extracellular matrix (ECM) that confers functional attributes to the community, including enhanced cohesion, adherence to surfaces, and resistance to external stresses. 27031366 1 0 theme hot 61:63 arg1 atop 72:75 a hot spring atop 59:75 a hot spring atop 59:75 nov., from a microbial mat of a hot spring atop the Himalayan Range. 27031366 2 1 theme motile 130:135 arg1 staining 120:127 A Gram-stain-positive staining 98:127 A Gram-stain-positive staining 98:127 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 2 1 theme motile 130:135 arg1 bacterium 182:190 motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium 130:190 motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium 130:190 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 3 2 theme highest 508:514 arg1 similarity 525:534 the highest sequence similarity 504:534 the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %) 504:631 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27031366 9 3 theme % 1371:1371 arg1 relatedness 1275:1285 DNA-DNA relatedness 1267:1285 DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T 1267:1440 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 8 4 from acids 1183:1187 arg1 AS8T 1199:1202 strain AS8T 1192:1202 strain AS8T 1192:1202 The major cellular fatty acids in strain AS8T were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. 27031366 10 5 theme gene 1473:1476 arg1 similarities 1487:1498 gene sequence similarities 1473:1498 the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1455:1498 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 7 6 contain contained 1123:1131 arg2 spermine 1148:1155 spermine 1148:1155 spermine 1148:1155 The quinone system of strain AS8T consisted of MK-7 predominantly, and the polyamine pattern primarily contained spermidine and spermine. 27031366 7 6 contain contained 1123:1131 arg2 spermidine 1133:1142 spermidine 1133:1142 spermidine 1133:1142 The quinone system of strain AS8T consisted of MK-7 predominantly, and the polyamine pattern primarily contained spermidine and spermine. 27031366 7 6 contain contained 1123:1131 arg1 pattern 1105:1111 the polyamine pattern 1091:1111 the polyamine pattern 1091:1111 The quinone system of strain AS8T consisted of MK-7 predominantly, and the polyamine pattern primarily contained spermidine and spermine. 27031366 9 7 theme F. 1378:1379 arg1 V2-BIII-A2T 1392:1402 F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T 1378:1402 F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T 1378:1402 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 10 8 theme hybridization 1513:1525 arg1 results 1553:1559 the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results 1501:1559 the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests 1501:1616 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 10 8 theme hybridization 1513:1525 arg1 % 1566:1566 ≤87 % 1562:1566 ≤87 % 1562:1566 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 3 9 theme Fictibacillus 696:708 arg1 a/3T 724:727 Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T 696:727 Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %) 696:736 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27031366 3 9 theme Fictibacillus 696:708 arg1 % 735:735 97.4 % 730:735 97.4 % 730:735 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27031366 7 10 theme strain 1042:1047 arg1 AS8T 1049:1052 strain AS8T 1042:1052 strain AS8T 1042:1052 The quinone system of strain AS8T consisted of MK-7 predominantly, and the polyamine pattern primarily contained spermidine and spermine. 27031366 9 11 with % 1295:1295 arg1 V2-BIII-A2T 1392:1402 F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T 1378:1402 F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T 1378:1402 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 9 11 with % 1295:1295 arg1 a/3T 1437:1440 F. arsenicus Con a/3T 1420:1440 F. arsenicus Con a/3T 1420:1440 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 9 11 with % 1295:1295 arg1 Ca7T 1360:1363 Ca7T 1360:1363 Ca7T 1360:1363 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 9 11 with % 1295:1295 arg1 23009T 1321:1326 F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T 1302:1326 F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T 1302:1326 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 3 12 theme Fictibacillus 539:551 arg1 23009T 569:574 Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T 539:574 Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) 539:583 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27031366 3 12 theme Fictibacillus 539:551 arg1 % 582:582 99.9 % 577:582 99.9 % 577:582 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27031366 8 13 theme major 1162:1166 arg1 iso-C15:0 1209:1217 iso-C15:0 1209:1217 iso-C15:0 1209:1217 The major cellular fatty acids in strain AS8T were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. 27031366 8 13 theme major 1162:1166 arg1 acids 1183:1187 The major cellular fatty acids 1158:1187 The major cellular fatty acids in strain AS8T 1158:1202 The major cellular fatty acids in strain AS8T were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. 27031366 10 14 theme novel 1673:1677 arg1 species 1679:1685 a novel species 1671:1685 a novel species 1671:1685 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 8 15 theme fatty 1177:1181 arg1 iso-C15:0 1209:1217 iso-C15:0 1209:1217 iso-C15:0 1209:1217 The major cellular fatty acids in strain AS8T were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. 27031366 8 15 theme fatty 1177:1181 arg1 acids 1183:1187 The major cellular fatty acids 1158:1187 The major cellular fatty acids in strain AS8T 1158:1202 The major cellular fatty acids in strain AS8T were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. 27031366 5 16 theme type 892:895 arg1 A1γ 897:899 the type A1γ 888:899 the type A1γ based on directly cross-linked meso-diaminopimelic acid 888:955 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the type A1γ based on directly cross-linked meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27031366 1 17 dep nov. 29:32 arg1 from 35:38 from 35:38 from 35:38 nov., from a microbial mat of a hot spring atop the Himalayan Range. 27031366 10 18 theme gene 1537:1540 arg1 sequencing 1542:1551 gyr B gene sequencing 1531:1551 gyr B gene sequencing 1531:1551 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 2 19 theme strain 207:212 arg1 AS8T 214:217 strain AS8T 207:217 strain AS8T 207:217 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 10 20 theme gyr 1531:1533 arg1 sequencing 1542:1551 gyr B gene sequencing 1531:1551 gyr B gene sequencing 1531:1551 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 3 21 theme Con 720:722 arg1 a/3T 724:727 Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T 696:727 Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %) 696:736 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27031366 3 21 theme Con 720:722 arg1 % 735:735 97.4 % 730:735 97.4 % 730:735 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27031366 3 22 theme DSM 565:567 arg1 23009T 569:574 Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T 539:574 Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) 539:583 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27031366 3 22 theme DSM 565:567 arg1 % 582:582 99.9 % 577:582 99.9 % 577:582 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27031366 9 23 theme arsenicus 1423:1431 arg1 a/3T 1437:1440 F. arsenicus Con a/3T 1420:1440 F. arsenicus Con a/3T 1420:1440 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 1 24 theme atop 72:75 arg1 mat 52:54 a microbial mat 40:54 a microbial mat of a hot spring atop 40:75 nov., from a microbial mat of a hot spring atop the Himalayan Range. 27031366 10 25 theme physiological 1582:1594 arg1 tests 1612:1616 physiological and biochemical tests 1582:1616 physiological and biochemical tests 1582:1616 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 6 26 theme AS8T 988:991 arg1 % 1017:1017 46.9 mol% 1009:1017 46.9 mol% 1009:1017 The DNA G+C content of strain AS8T was found to be 46.9 mol%. 27031366 6 26 theme AS8T 988:991 arg1 content 970:976 The DNA G+C content 958:976 The DNA G+C content of strain AS8T 958:991 The DNA G+C content of strain AS8T was found to be 46.9 mol%. 27031366 3 27 dep Fictibacillus 646:658 arg1 barbaricus 660:669 barbaricus 660:669 barbaricus 660:669 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27031366 3 28 dep Fictibacillus 696:708 arg1 arsenicus 710:718 arsenicus 710:718 arsenicus 710:718 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27031366 3 29 dep Fictibacillus 539:551 arg1 nanhaiensis 553:563 nanhaiensis 553:563 nanhaiensis 553:563 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27031366 9 30 theme DNA-DNA 1267:1273 arg1 relatedness 1275:1285 DNA-DNA relatedness 1267:1285 DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T 1267:1440 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 6 31 theme G+C 966:968 arg1 % 1017:1017 46.9 mol% 1009:1017 46.9 mol% 1009:1017 The DNA G+C content of strain AS8T was found to be 46.9 mol%. 27031366 6 31 theme G+C 966:968 arg1 content 970:976 The DNA G+C content 958:976 The DNA G+C content of strain AS8T 958:991 The DNA G+C content of strain AS8T was found to be 46.9 mol%. 27031366 3 32 theme rRNA 390:393 arg1 sequence 400:407 16S rRNA gene sequence 386:407 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis 386:435 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27031366 3 33 with Fictibacillus 485:497 arg1 similarity 525:534 the highest sequence similarity 504:534 the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %) 504:631 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27031366 0 34 theme Fictibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 25:26 Fictibacillus halophilus sp 0:26 Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 0:27 Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 9 35 theme % 1295:1295 arg1 relatedness 1275:1285 DNA-DNA relatedness 1267:1285 DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T 1267:1440 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 12 36 theme 2765T=DSM 1784:1792 arg1 33758T 1807:1812 =MCC 2765T=DSM 100124T=KCTC 33758T 1779:1812 =MCC 2765T=DSM 100124T=KCTC 33758T 1779:1812 The type strain is AS8T (=MCC 2765T=DSM 100124T=KCTC 33758T). 27031366 12 36 theme 2765T=DSM 1784:1792 arg1 AS8T 1773:1776 AS8T 1773:1776 AS8T (=MCC 2765T=DSM 100124T=KCTC 33758T) 1773:1813 The type strain is AS8T (=MCC 2765T=DSM 100124T=KCTC 33758T). 27031366 1 37 theme spring 65:70 arg1 atop 72:75 a hot spring atop 59:75 a hot spring atop 59:75 nov., from a microbial mat of a hot spring atop the Himalayan Range. 27031366 9 38 with % 1413:1413 arg1 V2-BIII-A2T 1392:1402 F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T 1378:1402 F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T 1378:1402 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 9 38 with % 1413:1413 arg1 a/3T 1437:1440 F. arsenicus Con a/3T 1420:1440 F. arsenicus Con a/3T 1420:1440 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 9 38 with % 1413:1413 arg1 Ca7T 1360:1363 Ca7T 1360:1363 Ca7T 1360:1363 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 9 38 with % 1413:1413 arg1 23009T 1321:1326 F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T 1302:1326 F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T 1302:1326 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 3 39 theme phylogenetic 415:426 arg1 analysis 428:435 phylogenetic analysis 415:435 phylogenetic analysis 415:435 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27031366 9 40 theme F. 1302:1303 arg1 23009T 1321:1326 F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T 1302:1326 F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T 1302:1326 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 12 41 theme type 1758:1761 arg1 strain 1763:1768 The type strain 1754:1768 The type strain 1754:1768 The type strain is AS8T (=MCC 2765T=DSM 100124T=KCTC 33758T). 27031366 12 41 theme type 1758:1761 arg1 AS8T 1773:1776 AS8T 1773:1776 AS8T (=MCC 2765T=DSM 100124T=KCTC 33758T) 1773:1813 The type strain is AS8T (=MCC 2765T=DSM 100124T=KCTC 33758T). 27031366 5 42 theme meso-diaminopimelic 932:950 arg1 acid 952:955 directly cross-linked meso-diaminopimelic acid 910:955 directly cross-linked meso-diaminopimelic acid 910:955 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the type A1γ based on directly cross-linked meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27031366 6 43 theme mol 1014:1016 arg1 % 1017:1017 46.9 mol% 1009:1017 46.9 mol% 1009:1017 The DNA G+C content of strain AS8T was found to be 46.9 mol%. 27031366 6 43 theme mol 1014:1016 arg1 content 970:976 The DNA G+C content 958:976 The DNA G+C content of strain AS8T 958:991 The DNA G+C content of strain AS8T was found to be 46.9 mol%. 27031366 10 44 theme species 1679:1685 arg1 AS8T 1643:1646 strain AS8T 1636:1646 strain AS8T 1636:1646 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 10 44 theme species 1679:1685 arg1 representative 1653:1666 a representative 1651:1666 a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp 1651:1733 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 2 45 theme forming 148:154 arg1 staining 120:127 A Gram-stain-positive staining 98:127 A Gram-stain-positive staining 98:127 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 2 45 theme forming 148:154 arg1 bacterium 182:190 motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium 130:190 motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium 130:190 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 4 46 theme lipids 749:754 arg1 fraction 756:763 The polar lipids fraction 739:763 The polar lipids fraction 739:763 The polar lipids fraction consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 27031366 9 47 theme DSM 1317:1319 arg1 23009T 1321:1326 F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T 1302:1326 F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T 1302:1326 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 9 48 with % 1371:1371 arg1 V2-BIII-A2T 1392:1402 F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T 1378:1402 F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T 1378:1402 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 9 48 with % 1371:1371 arg1 a/3T 1437:1440 F. arsenicus Con a/3T 1420:1440 F. arsenicus Con a/3T 1420:1440 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 9 48 with % 1371:1371 arg1 Ca7T 1360:1363 Ca7T 1360:1363 Ca7T 1360:1363 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 9 48 with % 1371:1371 arg1 23009T 1321:1326 F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T 1302:1326 F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T 1302:1326 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 3 49 theme strain 451:456 arg1 AS8T 458:461 strain AS8T 451:461 strain AS8T 451:461 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27031366 1 50 theme Himalayan 81:89 arg1 Range 91:95 the Himalayan Range 77:95 the Himalayan Range 77:95 nov., from a microbial mat of a hot spring atop the Himalayan Range. 27031366 2 51 theme hot 299:301 arg1 spring 303:308 Manikaran hot spring 289:308 Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India 289:383 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 9 52 theme % 1334:1334 arg1 relatedness 1275:1285 DNA-DNA relatedness 1267:1285 DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T 1267:1440 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 2 53 from India 379:383 arg1 located 350:356 located 350:356 located 350:356 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 10 54 theme high 1459:1462 arg1 rRNA 1468:1471 the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1455:1498 the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1455:1498 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 2 55 theme surface 316:322 arg1 temperature 330:340 surface water temperature ~95 °C 316:347 surface water temperature ~95 °C 316:347 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 10 56 theme sequence 1478:1485 arg1 similarities 1487:1498 gene sequence similarities 1473:1498 the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1455:1498 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 7 57 theme AS8T 1049:1052 arg1 system 1032:1037 The quinone system 1020:1037 The quinone system of strain AS8T 1020:1052 The quinone system of strain AS8T consisted of MK-7 predominantly, and the polyamine pattern primarily contained spermidine and spermine. 27031366 2 58 theme microbial 240:248 arg1 mat 250:252 a microbial mat 238:252 a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India 238:383 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 10 59 theme name 1702:1705 arg1 sp 1732:1733 the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp 1698:1733 the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp 1698:1733 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 8 60 theme strain 1192:1197 arg1 AS8T 1199:1202 strain AS8T 1192:1202 strain AS8T 1192:1202 The major cellular fatty acids in strain AS8T were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. 27031366 2 61 theme Gram-stain-positive 100:118 arg1 staining 120:127 A Gram-stain-positive staining 98:127 A Gram-stain-positive staining 98:127 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 2 61 theme Gram-stain-positive 100:118 arg1 bacterium 182:190 motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium 130:190 motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium 130:190 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 9 62 theme barbaricus 1381:1390 arg1 V2-BIII-A2T 1392:1402 F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T 1378:1402 F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T 1378:1402 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 6 63 theme DNA 962:964 arg1 % 1017:1017 46.9 mol% 1009:1017 46.9 mol% 1009:1017 The DNA G+C content of strain AS8T was found to be 46.9 mol%. 27031366 6 63 theme DNA 962:964 arg1 content 970:976 The DNA G+C content 958:976 The DNA G+C content of strain AS8T 958:991 The DNA G+C content of strain AS8T was found to be 46.9 mol%. 27031366 10 64 theme DNA-DNA 1505:1511 arg1 hybridization 1513:1525 DNA-DNA hybridization 1505:1525 DNA-DNA hybridization 1505:1525 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 7 65 theme quinone 1024:1030 arg1 system 1032:1037 The quinone system 1020:1037 The quinone system of strain AS8T 1020:1052 The quinone system of strain AS8T consisted of MK-7 predominantly, and the polyamine pattern primarily contained spermidine and spermine. 27031366 3 66 theme sequence 516:523 arg1 similarity 525:534 the highest sequence similarity 504:534 the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %) 504:631 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27031366 10 67 theme sequencing 1542:1551 arg1 results 1553:1559 the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results 1501:1559 the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests 1501:1616 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 10 67 theme sequencing 1542:1551 arg1 % 1566:1566 ≤87 % 1562:1566 ≤87 % 1562:1566 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 10 68 theme Fictibacillus 1707:1719 arg1 sp 1732:1733 the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp 1698:1733 the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp 1698:1733 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 9 69 theme % 1413:1413 arg1 relatedness 1275:1285 DNA-DNA relatedness 1267:1285 DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T 1267:1440 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 8 70 theme cellular 1168:1175 arg1 iso-C15:0 1209:1217 iso-C15:0 1209:1217 iso-C15:0 1209:1217 The major cellular fatty acids in strain AS8T were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. 27031366 8 70 theme cellular 1168:1175 arg1 acids 1183:1187 The major cellular fatty acids 1158:1187 The major cellular fatty acids in strain AS8T 1158:1202 The major cellular fatty acids in strain AS8T were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. 27031366 10 71 theme B 1535:1535 arg1 sequencing 1542:1551 gyr B gene sequencing 1531:1551 gyr B gene sequencing 1531:1551 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 9 72 theme F. 1420:1421 arg1 a/3T 1437:1440 F. arsenicus Con a/3T 1420:1440 F. arsenicus Con a/3T 1420:1440 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 10 73 dep rRNA 1468:1471 arg1 similarities 1487:1498 gene sequence similarities 1473:1498 the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1455:1498 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 9 74 theme Con 1433:1435 arg1 a/3T 1437:1440 F. arsenicus Con a/3T 1420:1440 F. arsenicus Con a/3T 1420:1440 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 2 75 theme thermal 267:273 arg1 discharges 275:284 thermal discharges 267:284 thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India 267:383 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 2 76 attach isolated 224:231 arg1 mat 250:252 a microbial mat 238:252 a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India 238:383 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 2 76 attach isolated 224:231 arg2 staining 120:127 A Gram-stain-positive staining 98:127 A Gram-stain-positive staining 98:127 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 2 76 attach isolated 224:231 arg2 bacterium 182:190 motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium 130:190 motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium 130:190 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 10 77 theme biochemical 1600:1610 arg1 tests 1612:1616 physiological and biochemical tests 1582:1616 physiological and biochemical tests 1582:1616 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 5 78 theme cell-wall 857:865 arg1 peptidoglycan 867:879 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 853:879 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 853:879 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the type A1γ based on directly cross-linked meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27031366 6 79 theme strain 981:986 arg1 AS8T 988:991 strain AS8T 981:991 strain AS8T 981:991 The DNA G+C content of strain AS8T was found to be 46.9 mol%. 27031366 1 80 theme microbial 42:50 arg1 mat 52:54 a microbial mat 40:54 a microbial mat of a hot spring atop 40:75 nov., from a microbial mat of a hot spring atop the Himalayan Range. 27031366 12 81 theme =MCC 1779:1782 arg1 33758T 1807:1812 =MCC 2765T=DSM 100124T=KCTC 33758T 1779:1812 =MCC 2765T=DSM 100124T=KCTC 33758T 1779:1812 The type strain is AS8T (=MCC 2765T=DSM 100124T=KCTC 33758T). 27031366 12 81 theme =MCC 1779:1782 arg1 AS8T 1773:1776 AS8T 1773:1776 AS8T (=MCC 2765T=DSM 100124T=KCTC 33758T) 1773:1813 The type strain is AS8T (=MCC 2765T=DSM 100124T=KCTC 33758T). 27031366 1 82 dep Range 91:95 arg1 mat 52:54 a microbial mat 40:54 a microbial mat of a hot spring atop 40:75 nov., from a microbial mat of a hot spring atop the Himalayan Range. 27031366 2 83 theme located 350:356 arg1 spring 303:308 Manikaran hot spring 289:308 Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India 289:383 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 0 84 theme halophilus 14:23 arg1 sp 25:26 Fictibacillus halophilus sp 0:26 Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 0:27 Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 12 85 theme 100124T=KCTC 1794:1805 arg1 33758T 1807:1812 =MCC 2765T=DSM 100124T=KCTC 33758T 1779:1812 =MCC 2765T=DSM 100124T=KCTC 33758T 1779:1812 The type strain is AS8T (=MCC 2765T=DSM 100124T=KCTC 33758T). 27031366 12 85 theme 100124T=KCTC 1794:1805 arg1 AS8T 1773:1776 AS8T 1773:1776 AS8T (=MCC 2765T=DSM 100124T=KCTC 33758T) 1773:1813 The type strain is AS8T (=MCC 2765T=DSM 100124T=KCTC 33758T). 27031366 3 86 dep belonged 463:470 arg1 followed 634:641 followed 634:641 followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %) 634:736 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27031366 3 87 theme 16S 386:388 arg1 rRNA 390:393 16S rRNA 386:393 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis 386:435 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27031366 5 88 theme cross-linked 919:930 arg1 acid 952:955 directly cross-linked meso-diaminopimelic acid 910:955 directly cross-linked meso-diaminopimelic acid 910:955 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the type A1γ based on directly cross-linked meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27031366 7 89 theme polyamine 1095:1103 arg1 pattern 1105:1111 the polyamine pattern 1091:1111 the polyamine pattern 1091:1111 The quinone system of strain AS8T consisted of MK-7 predominantly, and the polyamine pattern primarily contained spermidine and spermine. 27031366 9 90 theme nanhaiensis 1305:1315 arg1 23009T 1321:1326 F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T 1302:1326 F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T 1302:1326 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 10 91 dep Fictibacillus 1707:1719 arg1 halophilus 1721:1730 halophilus 1721:1730 halophilus 1721:1730 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 4 92 theme polar 743:747 arg1 fraction 756:763 The polar lipids fraction 739:763 The polar lipids fraction 739:763 The polar lipids fraction consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 27031366 2 93 with spring 303:308 arg1 temperature 330:340 surface water temperature ~95 °C 316:347 surface water temperature ~95 °C 316:347 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 2 94 theme water 324:328 arg1 temperature 330:340 surface water temperature ~95 °C 316:347 surface water temperature ~95 °C 316:347 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 2 95 theme spring 303:308 arg1 discharges 275:284 thermal discharges 267:284 thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India 267:383 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 2 96 from located 350:356 arg1 India 379:383 India 379:383 India 379:383 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 2 97 theme halophilic 171:180 arg1 staining 120:127 A Gram-stain-positive staining 98:127 A Gram-stain-positive staining 98:127 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 2 97 theme halophilic 171:180 arg1 bacterium 182:190 motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium 130:190 motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium 130:190 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 2 98 theme Manikaran 289:297 arg1 spring 303:308 Manikaran hot spring 289:308 Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India 289:383 A Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 27031366 5 99 link cross-linked 919:930 arg1 acid 952:955 directly cross-linked meso-diaminopimelic acid 910:955 directly cross-linked meso-diaminopimelic acid 910:955 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the type A1γ based on directly cross-linked meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27031366 10 100 theme strain 1636:1641 arg1 AS8T 1643:1646 strain AS8T 1636:1646 strain AS8T 1636:1646 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 10 100 theme strain 1636:1641 arg1 representative 1653:1666 a representative 1651:1666 a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp 1651:1733 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 3 101 theme gene 395:398 arg1 sequence 400:407 16S rRNA gene sequence 386:407 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis 386:435 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27031366 10 102 theme 16S 1464:1466 arg1 rRNA 1468:1471 the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1455:1498 the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 1455:1498 In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA-DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. 27031366 3 103 theme Fictibacillus 646:658 arg1 V2-BIII-A2T 671:681 Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T 646:681 Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) 646:690 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27031366 3 103 theme Fictibacillus 646:658 arg1 % 689:689 99.1 % 684:689 99.1 % 684:689 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27031366 9 104 with % 1334:1334 arg1 V2-BIII-A2T 1392:1402 F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T 1378:1402 F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T 1378:1402 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 9 104 with % 1334:1334 arg1 a/3T 1437:1440 F. arsenicus Con a/3T 1420:1440 F. arsenicus Con a/3T 1420:1440 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 9 104 with % 1334:1334 arg1 Ca7T 1360:1363 Ca7T 1360:1363 Ca7T 1360:1363 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 9 104 with % 1334:1334 arg1 23009T 1321:1326 F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T 1302:1326 F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T 1302:1326 The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. 27031366 3 105 theme genus 479:483 arg1 Fictibacillus 485:497 the genus Fictibacillus 475:497 the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %) 475:631 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). 27002976 11 0 theme colonizing 1726:1735 arg1 derivative 1737:1746 Its reversibly colonizing derivative 1711:1746 Its reversibly colonizing derivative 1711:1746 Its reversibly colonizing derivative may provide a versatile research tool for mucosal bacterial conditioning or compound delivery without permanent colonization. 27002976 5 1 theme metC 969:972 arg1 knockout 917:924 knockout 917:924 knockout 917:924 In this genetic background it was necessary to complete the D-Ala auxotrophy phenotype by additional knockout of the hypothetical third alanine racemase metC. 27002976 3 2 dep in 368:369 arg1 vivo 371:374 vivo 371:374 vivo 371:374 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 3 2 dep in 368:369 arg1 growth-incompetent 376:393 growth-incompetent 376:393 growth-incompetent 376:393 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 2 3 theme individual 312:321 arg1 again-germ-free 323:337 an already microbially colonized individual again-germ-free 279:337 an already microbially colonized individual again-germ-free 279:337 There is currently no robust method for re-deriving an already microbially colonized individual again-germ-free. 27002976 1 4 theme resilient 205:213 arg1 consortium 215:224 a permanent and collectively highly resilient consortium 169:224 a permanent and collectively highly resilient consortium 169:224 Soon after birth the mammalian gut microbiota forms a permanent and collectively highly resilient consortium. 27002976 4 5 theme laboratory-adapted 719:736 arg1 prototype 751:759 the laboratory-adapted E. coli K-12 prototype 715:759 the laboratory-adapted E. coli K-12 prototype 715:759 Here we describe the translation of this experimental model from the laboratory-adapted E. coli K-12 prototype to the better gut-adapted commensal strain E. coli HS. 27002976 3 6 theme germ-free 632:640 arg1 status 642:647 germ-free status 632:647 germ-free status 632:647 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 9 7 theme D-Ala 1519:1523 arg1 auxotrophy 1525:1534 Full D-Ala auxotrophy 1514:1534 Full D-Ala auxotrophy 1514:1534 Full D-Ala auxotrophy enabled rapid recovery to again-germ-free status. 27002976 6 8 theme strain 1016:1021 arg1 Cells 975:979 Cells 975:979 Cells of the resulting fully auxotrophic strain 975:1021 Cells of the resulting fully auxotrophic strain assembled a peptidoglycan cell wall of normal composition, as long as provided with D-Ala and Dap in the medium, but could not proliferate a single time after D-Ala/Dap removal. 27002976 4 9 theme experimental 691:702 arg1 model 704:708 this experimental model 686:708 this experimental model 686:708 Here we describe the translation of this experimental model from the laboratory-adapted E. coli K-12 prototype to the better gut-adapted commensal strain E. coli HS. 27002976 10 10 theme intestinal 1673:1682 arg1 strains 1702:1708 benign intestinal commensal E. coli strains 1666:1708 benign intestinal commensal E. coli strains 1666:1708 E. coli HS has emerged from human studies and genomic analyses as a paradigm of benign intestinal commensal E. coli strains. 27002976 2 11 theme robust 249:254 arg1 method 256:261 no robust method 246:261 no robust method for re-deriving an already microbially colonized individual again-germ-free 246:337 There is currently no robust method for re-deriving an already microbially colonized individual again-germ-free. 27002976 1 12 theme gut 148:150 arg1 microbiota 152:161 the mammalian gut microbiota 134:161 the mammalian gut microbiota 134:161 Soon after birth the mammalian gut microbiota forms a permanent and collectively highly resilient consortium. 27002976 4 13 theme gut-adapted 775:785 arg1 strain 797:802 the better gut-adapted commensal strain 764:802 the better gut-adapted commensal strain 764:802 Here we describe the translation of this experimental model from the laboratory-adapted E. coli K-12 prototype to the better gut-adapted commensal strain E. coli HS. 27002976 9 14 theme again-germ-free 1562:1576 arg1 status 1578:1583 again-germ-free status 1562:1583 again-germ-free status 1562:1583 Full D-Ala auxotrophy enabled rapid recovery to again-germ-free status. 27002976 3 15 theme E. 395:396 arg1 strain 408:413 the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 364:419 the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria 364:603 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 3 15 theme E. 395:396 arg1 auxotrophic 429:439 auxotrophic 429:439 auxotrophic 429:439 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 11 16 theme bacterial 1798:1806 arg1 conditioning 1808:1819 mucosal bacterial conditioning 1790:1819 mucosal bacterial conditioning 1790:1819 Its reversibly colonizing derivative may provide a versatile research tool for mucosal bacterial conditioning or compound delivery without permanent colonization. 27002976 0 17 theme coli 101:104 arg1 HS 113:114 Non-Laboratory-Adapted Commensal E. coli Strain HS 65:114 Non-Laboratory-Adapted Commensal E. coli Strain HS 65:114 D-Alanine-Controlled Transient Intestinal Mono-Colonization with Non-Laboratory-Adapted Commensal E. coli Strain HS. 27002976 5 18 theme third 946:950 arg1 metC 969:972 the hypothetical third alanine racemase metC 929:972 the hypothetical third alanine racemase metC 929:972 In this genetic background it was necessary to complete the D-Ala auxotrophy phenotype by additional knockout of the hypothetical third alanine racemase metC. 27002976 6 19 theme composition 1069:1079 arg1 wall 1054:1057 a peptidoglycan cell wall 1033:1057 a peptidoglycan cell wall of normal composition 1033:1079 Cells of the resulting fully auxotrophic strain assembled a peptidoglycan cell wall of normal composition, as long as provided with D-Ala and Dap in the medium, but could not proliferate a single time after D-Ala/Dap removal. 27002976 11 20 theme permanent 1850:1858 arg1 colonization 1860:1871 permanent colonization 1850:1871 permanent colonization 1850:1871 Its reversibly colonizing derivative may provide a versatile research tool for mucosal bacterial conditioning or compound delivery without permanent colonization. 27002976 10 21 dep E. 1586:1587 arg1 coli 1589:1592 coli 1589:1592 coli 1589:1592 E. coli HS has emerged from human studies and genomic analyses as a paradigm of benign intestinal commensal E. coli strains. 27002976 5 22 theme racemase 960:967 arg1 metC 969:972 the hypothetical third alanine racemase metC 929:972 the hypothetical third alanine racemase metC 929:972 In this genetic background it was necessary to complete the D-Ala auxotrophy phenotype by additional knockout of the hypothetical third alanine racemase metC. 27002976 6 23 theme cell 1049:1052 arg1 wall 1054:1057 a peptidoglycan cell wall 1033:1057 a peptidoglycan cell wall of normal composition 1033:1079 Cells of the resulting fully auxotrophic strain assembled a peptidoglycan cell wall of normal composition, as long as provided with D-Ala and Dap in the medium, but could not proliferate a single time after D-Ala/Dap removal. 27002976 3 24 theme K-12 403:406 arg1 strain 408:413 the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 364:419 the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria 364:603 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 3 24 theme K-12 403:406 arg1 auxotrophic 429:439 auxotrophic 429:439 auxotrophic 429:439 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 8 25 theme colonizing 1391:1400 arg1 bacteria 1402:1409 the transiently colonizing bacteria 1375:1409 the transiently colonizing bacteria 1375:1409 Also in vivo, the transiently colonizing bacteria retained their ability to stimulate a live-bacteria-specific intestinal Immunoglobulin (Ig)A response. 27002976 5 26 from necessary 850:858 arg1 background 832:841 this genetic background 819:841 this genetic background 819:841 In this genetic background it was necessary to complete the D-Ala auxotrophy phenotype by additional knockout of the hypothetical third alanine racemase metC. 27002976 0 27 theme Non-Laboratory-Adapted 65:86 arg1 HS 113:114 Non-Laboratory-Adapted Commensal E. coli Strain HS 65:114 Non-Laboratory-Adapted Commensal E. coli Strain HS 65:114 D-Alanine-Controlled Transient Intestinal Mono-Colonization with Non-Laboratory-Adapted Commensal E. coli Strain HS. 27002976 4 28 dep E. 738:739 arg1 coli 741:744 coli 741:744 coli 741:744 Here we describe the translation of this experimental model from the laboratory-adapted E. coli K-12 prototype to the better gut-adapted commensal strain E. coli HS. 27002976 7 29 theme unsupplemented 1206:1219 arg1 bacteria 1221:1228 unsupplemented bacteria 1206:1228 unsupplemented bacteria 1206:1228 Yet, unsupplemented bacteria remained active and were able to complete their cell cycle with fully sustained motility until immediately before autolytic death. 27002976 4 30 theme coli 807:810 arg1 HS 812:813 E. coli HS 804:813 E. coli HS 804:813 Here we describe the translation of this experimental model from the laboratory-adapted E. coli K-12 prototype to the better gut-adapted commensal strain E. coli HS. 27002976 0 31 theme Intestinal 31:40 arg1 Mono-Colonization 42:58 Transient Intestinal Mono-Colonization 21:58 Transient Intestinal Mono-Colonization 21:58 D-Alanine-Controlled Transient Intestinal Mono-Colonization with Non-Laboratory-Adapted Commensal E. coli Strain HS. 27002976 11 32 theme versatile 1762:1770 arg1 tool 1781:1784 a versatile research tool 1760:1784 a versatile research tool for mucosal bacterial conditioning or compound delivery 1760:1840 Its reversibly colonizing derivative may provide a versatile research tool for mucosal bacterial conditioning or compound delivery without permanent colonization. 27002976 10 33 theme human 1614:1618 arg1 studies 1620:1626 human studies 1614:1626 human studies 1614:1626 E. coli HS has emerged from human studies and genomic analyses as a paradigm of benign intestinal commensal E. coli strains. 27002976 3 34 theme peptidoglycan 449:461 arg1 components 463:472 the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) 445:525 the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) 445:525 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 3 34 theme peptidoglycan 449:461 arg1 D-alanine 474:482 D-alanine 474:482 D-alanine (D-Ala) 474:490 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 3 34 theme peptidoglycan 449:461 arg1 acid 516:519 meso-diaminopimelic acid 496:519 meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) 496:525 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 8 35 theme live-bacteria-specific 1449:1470 arg1 response 1504:1511 a live-bacteria-specific intestinal Immunoglobulin (Ig)A response 1447:1511 a live-bacteria-specific intestinal Immunoglobulin (Ig)A response 1447:1511 Also in vivo, the transiently colonizing bacteria retained their ability to stimulate a live-bacteria-specific intestinal Immunoglobulin (Ig)A response. 27002976 0 36 theme Commensal 88:96 arg1 HS 113:114 Non-Laboratory-Adapted Commensal E. coli Strain HS 65:114 Non-Laboratory-Adapted Commensal E. coli Strain HS 65:114 D-Alanine-Controlled Transient Intestinal Mono-Colonization with Non-Laboratory-Adapted Commensal E. coli Strain HS. 27002976 1 37 theme mammalian 138:146 arg1 microbiota 152:161 the mammalian gut microbiota 134:161 the mammalian gut microbiota 134:161 Soon after birth the mammalian gut microbiota forms a permanent and collectively highly resilient consortium. 27002976 11 38 theme mucosal 1790:1796 arg1 conditioning 1808:1819 mucosal bacterial conditioning 1790:1819 mucosal bacterial conditioning 1790:1819 Its reversibly colonizing derivative may provide a versatile research tool for mucosal bacterial conditioning or compound delivery without permanent colonization. 27002976 8 39 theme Immunoglobulin 1483:1496 arg1 response 1504:1511 a live-bacteria-specific intestinal Immunoglobulin (Ig)A response 1447:1511 a live-bacteria-specific intestinal Immunoglobulin (Ig)A response 1447:1511 Also in vivo, the transiently colonizing bacteria retained their ability to stimulate a live-bacteria-specific intestinal Immunoglobulin (Ig)A response. 27002976 7 40 theme sustained 1300:1308 arg1 motility 1310:1317 fully sustained motility 1294:1317 fully sustained motility 1294:1317 Yet, unsupplemented bacteria remained active and were able to complete their cell cycle with fully sustained motility until immediately before autolytic death. 27002976 7 41 theme cell 1278:1281 arg1 cycle 1283:1287 their cell cycle 1272:1287 their cell cycle 1272:1287 Yet, unsupplemented bacteria remained active and were able to complete their cell cycle with fully sustained motility until immediately before autolytic death. 27002976 10 42 theme genomic 1632:1638 arg1 analyses 1640:1647 genomic analyses 1632:1647 genomic analyses 1632:1647 E. coli HS has emerged from human studies and genomic analyses as a paradigm of benign intestinal commensal E. coli strains. 27002976 3 43 used used 538:541 arg2 strain 408:413 the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 364:419 the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria 364:603 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 3 43 used used 538:541 arg2 auxotrophic 429:439 auxotrophic 429:439 auxotrophic 429:439 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 3 44 theme live 591:594 arg1 bacteria 596:603 live bacteria 591:603 live bacteria 591:603 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 4 45 theme model 704:708 arg1 translation 671:681 the translation 667:681 the translation of this experimental model from the laboratory-adapted E. coli K-12 prototype to the better gut-adapted commensal strain E. coli HS 667:813 Here we describe the translation of this experimental model from the laboratory-adapted E. coli K-12 prototype to the better gut-adapted commensal strain E. coli HS. 27002976 8 46 theme intestinal 1472:1481 arg1 Immunoglobulin 1483:1496 intestinal Immunoglobulin 1472:1496 a live-bacteria-specific intestinal Immunoglobulin (Ig)A response 1447:1511 Also in vivo, the transiently colonizing bacteria retained their ability to stimulate a live-bacteria-specific intestinal Immunoglobulin (Ig)A response. 27002976 8 46 theme intestinal 1472:1481 arg1 Ig 1499:1500 Ig 1499:1500 Ig 1499:1500 Also in vivo, the transiently colonizing bacteria retained their ability to stimulate a live-bacteria-specific intestinal Immunoglobulin (Ig)A response. 27002976 3 47 theme permanent 614:622 arg1 loss 624:627 permanent loss 614:627 permanent loss of germ-free status 614:647 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 6 48 theme peptidoglycan 1035:1047 arg1 wall 1054:1057 a peptidoglycan cell wall 1033:1057 a peptidoglycan cell wall of normal composition 1033:1079 Cells of the resulting fully auxotrophic strain assembled a peptidoglycan cell wall of normal composition, as long as provided with D-Ala and Dap in the medium, but could not proliferate a single time after D-Ala/Dap removal. 27002976 6 49 theme D-Ala/Dap 1182:1190 arg1 removal 1192:1198 D-Ala/Dap removal 1182:1198 D-Ala/Dap removal 1182:1198 Cells of the resulting fully auxotrophic strain assembled a peptidoglycan cell wall of normal composition, as long as provided with D-Ala and Dap in the medium, but could not proliferate a single time after D-Ala/Dap removal. 27002976 9 50 theme Full 1514:1517 arg1 auxotrophy 1525:1534 Full D-Ala auxotrophy 1514:1534 Full D-Ala auxotrophy 1514:1534 Full D-Ala auxotrophy enabled rapid recovery to again-germ-free status. 27002976 8 51 theme A 1502:1502 arg1 response 1504:1511 a live-bacteria-specific intestinal Immunoglobulin (Ig)A response 1447:1511 a live-bacteria-specific intestinal Immunoglobulin (Ig)A response 1447:1511 Also in vivo, the transiently colonizing bacteria retained their ability to stimulate a live-bacteria-specific intestinal Immunoglobulin (Ig)A response. 27002976 10 52 theme commensal 1684:1692 arg1 strains 1702:1708 benign intestinal commensal E. coli strains 1666:1708 benign intestinal commensal E. coli strains 1666:1708 E. coli HS has emerged from human studies and genomic analyses as a paradigm of benign intestinal commensal E. coli strains. 27002976 3 53 theme status 642:647 arg1 loss 624:627 permanent loss 614:627 permanent loss of germ-free status 614:647 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 6 54 theme auxotrophic 1004:1014 arg1 strain 1016:1021 the resulting fully auxotrophic strain 984:1021 the resulting fully auxotrophic strain 984:1021 Cells of the resulting fully auxotrophic strain assembled a peptidoglycan cell wall of normal composition, as long as provided with D-Ala and Dap in the medium, but could not proliferate a single time after D-Ala/Dap removal. 27002976 10 55 theme benign 1666:1671 arg1 strains 1702:1708 benign intestinal commensal E. coli strains 1666:1708 benign intestinal commensal E. coli strains 1666:1708 E. coli HS has emerged from human studies and genomic analyses as a paradigm of benign intestinal commensal E. coli strains. 27002976 9 56 theme rapid 1544:1548 arg1 recovery 1550:1557 rapid recovery 1544:1557 rapid recovery to again-germ-free status 1544:1583 Full D-Ala auxotrophy enabled rapid recovery to again-germ-free status. 27002976 6 57 theme resulting 988:996 arg1 strain 1016:1021 the resulting fully auxotrophic strain 984:1021 the resulting fully auxotrophic strain 984:1021 Cells of the resulting fully auxotrophic strain assembled a peptidoglycan cell wall of normal composition, as long as provided with D-Ala and Dap in the medium, but could not proliferate a single time after D-Ala/Dap removal. 27002976 3 58 theme in 368:369 arg1 strain 408:413 the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 364:419 the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria 364:603 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 3 58 theme in 368:369 arg1 auxotrophic 429:439 auxotrophic 429:439 auxotrophic 429:439 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 2 59 theme colonized 302:310 arg1 again-germ-free 323:337 an already microbially colonized individual again-germ-free 279:337 an already microbially colonized individual again-germ-free 279:337 There is currently no robust method for re-deriving an already microbially colonized individual again-germ-free. 27002976 11 60 theme compound 1824:1831 arg1 delivery 1833:1840 compound delivery 1824:1840 compound delivery 1824:1840 Its reversibly colonizing derivative may provide a versatile research tool for mucosal bacterial conditioning or compound delivery without permanent colonization. 27002976 0 61 theme Strain 106:111 arg1 HS 113:114 Non-Laboratory-Adapted Commensal E. coli Strain HS 65:114 Non-Laboratory-Adapted Commensal E. coli Strain HS 65:114 D-Alanine-Controlled Transient Intestinal Mono-Colonization with Non-Laboratory-Adapted Commensal E. coli Strain HS. 27002976 5 62 theme D-Ala 876:880 arg1 phenotype 893:901 the D-Ala auxotrophy phenotype 872:901 the D-Ala auxotrophy phenotype 872:901 In this genetic background it was necessary to complete the D-Ala auxotrophy phenotype by additional knockout of the hypothetical third alanine racemase metC. 27002976 5 63 theme hypothetical 933:944 arg1 metC 969:972 the hypothetical third alanine racemase metC 929:972 the hypothetical third alanine racemase metC 929:972 In this genetic background it was necessary to complete the D-Ala auxotrophy phenotype by additional knockout of the hypothetical third alanine racemase metC. 27002976 3 64 theme coli 398:401 arg1 strain 408:413 the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 364:419 the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria 364:603 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 3 64 theme coli 398:401 arg1 auxotrophic 429:439 auxotrophic 429:439 auxotrophic 429:439 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 4 65 theme E. 738:739 arg1 prototype 751:759 the laboratory-adapted E. coli K-12 prototype 715:759 the laboratory-adapted E. coli K-12 prototype 715:759 Here we describe the translation of this experimental model from the laboratory-adapted E. coli K-12 prototype to the better gut-adapted commensal strain E. coli HS. 27002976 5 66 theme alanine 952:958 arg1 metC 969:972 the hypothetical third alanine racemase metC 929:972 the hypothetical third alanine racemase metC 929:972 In this genetic background it was necessary to complete the D-Ala auxotrophy phenotype by additional knockout of the hypothetical third alanine racemase metC. 27002976 6 67 theme normal 1062:1067 arg1 composition 1069:1079 normal composition 1062:1079 normal composition 1062:1079 Cells of the resulting fully auxotrophic strain assembled a peptidoglycan cell wall of normal composition, as long as provided with D-Ala and Dap in the medium, but could not proliferate a single time after D-Ala/Dap removal. 27002976 4 68 theme K-12 746:749 arg1 prototype 751:759 the laboratory-adapted E. coli K-12 prototype 715:759 the laboratory-adapted E. coli K-12 prototype 715:759 Here we describe the translation of this experimental model from the laboratory-adapted E. coli K-12 prototype to the better gut-adapted commensal strain E. coli HS. 27002976 5 69 from background 832:841 arg1 necessary 850:858 necessary 850:858 necessary 850:858 In this genetic background it was necessary to complete the D-Ala auxotrophy phenotype by additional knockout of the hypothetical third alanine racemase metC. 27002976 5 70 theme auxotrophy 882:891 arg1 phenotype 893:901 the D-Ala auxotrophy phenotype 872:901 the D-Ala auxotrophy phenotype 872:901 In this genetic background it was necessary to complete the D-Ala auxotrophy phenotype by additional knockout of the hypothetical third alanine racemase metC. 27002976 3 71 dep components 463:472 arg1 Dap 522:524 Dap 522:524 Dap 522:524 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 3 71 dep components 463:472 arg1 D-Ala 485:489 D-Ala 485:489 D-Ala 485:489 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 3 71 dep components 463:472 arg1 D-alanine 474:482 D-alanine 474:482 D-alanine (D-Ala) 474:490 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 3 71 dep components 463:472 arg1 acid 516:519 meso-diaminopimelic acid 496:519 meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) 496:525 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 3 71 dep components 463:472 arg1 components 463:472 the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) 445:525 the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) 445:525 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 10 72 theme strains 1702:1708 arg1 paradigm 1654:1661 a paradigm 1652:1661 a paradigm of benign intestinal commensal E. coli strains 1652:1708 E. coli HS has emerged from human studies and genomic analyses as a paradigm of benign intestinal commensal E. coli strains. 27002976 0 73 theme Transient 21:29 arg1 Mono-Colonization 42:58 Transient Intestinal Mono-Colonization 21:58 Transient Intestinal Mono-Colonization 21:58 D-Alanine-Controlled Transient Intestinal Mono-Colonization with Non-Laboratory-Adapted Commensal E. coli Strain HS. 27002976 4 74 theme commensal 787:795 arg1 strain 797:802 the better gut-adapted commensal strain 764:802 the better gut-adapted commensal strain 764:802 Here we describe the translation of this experimental model from the laboratory-adapted E. coli K-12 prototype to the better gut-adapted commensal strain E. coli HS. 27002976 10 75 theme E. 1694:1695 arg1 strains 1702:1708 benign intestinal commensal E. coli strains 1666:1708 benign intestinal commensal E. coli strains 1666:1708 E. coli HS has emerged from human studies and genomic analyses as a paradigm of benign intestinal commensal E. coli strains. 27002976 7 76 theme autolytic 1344:1352 arg1 death 1354:1358 autolytic death 1344:1358 autolytic death 1344:1358 Yet, unsupplemented bacteria remained active and were able to complete their cell cycle with fully sustained motility until immediately before autolytic death. 27002976 4 77 theme E. 804:805 arg1 HS 812:813 E. coli HS 804:813 E. coli HS 804:813 Here we describe the translation of this experimental model from the laboratory-adapted E. coli K-12 prototype to the better gut-adapted commensal strain E. coli HS. 27002976 5 78 theme genetic 824:830 arg1 background 832:841 this genetic background 819:841 this genetic background 819:841 In this genetic background it was necessary to complete the D-Ala auxotrophy phenotype by additional knockout of the hypothetical third alanine racemase metC. 27002976 0 79 theme E. 98:99 arg1 HS 113:114 Non-Laboratory-Adapted Commensal E. coli Strain HS 65:114 Non-Laboratory-Adapted Commensal E. coli Strain HS 65:114 D-Alanine-Controlled Transient Intestinal Mono-Colonization with Non-Laboratory-Adapted Commensal E. coli Strain HS. 27002976 6 80 theme single 1164:1169 arg1 time 1171:1174 a single time 1162:1174 a single time 1162:1174 Cells of the resulting fully auxotrophic strain assembled a peptidoglycan cell wall of normal composition, as long as provided with D-Ala and Dap in the medium, but could not proliferate a single time after D-Ala/Dap removal. 27002976 10 81 theme E. 1586:1587 arg1 HS 1594:1595 E. coli HS 1586:1595 E. coli HS 1586:1595 E. coli HS has emerged from human studies and genomic analyses as a paradigm of benign intestinal commensal E. coli strains. 27002976 1 82 theme permanent 171:179 arg1 consortium 215:224 a permanent and collectively highly resilient consortium 169:224 a permanent and collectively highly resilient consortium 169:224 Soon after birth the mammalian gut microbiota forms a permanent and collectively highly resilient consortium. 27002976 11 83 theme research 1772:1779 arg1 tool 1781:1784 a versatile research tool 1760:1784 a versatile research tool for mucosal bacterial conditioning or compound delivery 1760:1840 Its reversibly colonizing derivative may provide a versatile research tool for mucosal bacterial conditioning or compound delivery without permanent colonization. 27002976 10 84 dep E. 1694:1695 arg1 coli 1697:1700 coli 1697:1700 coli 1697:1700 E. coli HS has emerged from human studies and genomic analyses as a paradigm of benign intestinal commensal E. coli strains. 27002976 3 85 theme meso-diaminopimelic 496:514 arg1 components 463:472 the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) 445:525 the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) 445:525 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 3 85 theme meso-diaminopimelic 496:514 arg1 Dap 522:524 Dap 522:524 Dap 522:524 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 3 85 theme meso-diaminopimelic 496:514 arg1 acid 516:519 meso-diaminopimelic acid 496:519 meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) 496:525 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 3 86 theme germ-free 568:576 arg1 animals 578:584 germ-free animals 568:584 germ-free animals 568:584 We previously developed the in vivo growth-incompetent E. coli K-12 strain HA107 that is auxotrophic for the peptidoglycan components D-alanine (D-Ala) and meso-diaminopimelic acid (Dap) and can be used to transiently associate germ-free animals with live bacteria, without permanent loss of germ-free status. 27002976 4 87 from prototype 751:759 arg1 HS 812:813 E. coli HS 804:813 E. coli HS 804:813 Here we describe the translation of this experimental model from the laboratory-adapted E. coli K-12 prototype to the better gut-adapted commensal strain E. coli HS. 25008165 3 0 theme taxonomic 278:286 arg1 data 288:291 the polyphasic taxonomic data 263:291 the polyphasic taxonomic data 263:291 On the basis of the polyphasic taxonomic data, the isolate was considered to be a member of the genus Bacillus. 25008165 2 1 theme halophilic 114:123 arg1 bacterium 125:133 A moderately halophilic bacterium 101:133 A moderately halophilic bacterium 101:133 A moderately halophilic bacterium, strain HNA-14(T), was isolated from a saline-alkali soil sample collected in Shache County, Xinjiang Province. 25008165 2 1 theme halophilic 114:123 arg1 HNA-14 143:148 strain HNA-14 136:148 strain HNA-14(T) 136:151 A moderately halophilic bacterium, strain HNA-14(T), was isolated from a saline-alkali soil sample collected in Shache County, Xinjiang Province. 25008165 6 2 theme meso-diaminopimelic 542:560 arg1 acid 496:499 The diamino acid 484:499 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 484:536 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 25008165 6 2 theme meso-diaminopimelic 542:560 arg1 acid 562:565 meso-diaminopimelic acid 542:565 meso-diaminopimelic acid 542:565 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 25008165 9 3 dep Bacillus 1156:1163 arg1 lehensis 1165:1172 lehensis 1165:1172 lehensis 1165:1172 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 10 4 dep sp 1442:1443 arg1 species 1390:1396 a novel species 1382:1396 a novel species of the genus Bacillus 1382:1418 Therefore, a novel species of the genus Bacillus, Bacillus shacheensis sp. 25008165 9 5 theme nearest 982:988 arg1 neighbors 990:998 its nearest neighbors 978:998 its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%) 978:1153 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 10 6 theme novel 1384:1388 arg1 species 1390:1396 a novel species 1382:1396 a novel species of the genus Bacillus 1382:1418 Therefore, a novel species of the genus Bacillus, Bacillus shacheensis sp. 25008165 9 7 theme Strain 899:904 arg1 HNA-14 906:911 Strain HNA-14 899:911 Strain HNA-14(T) 899:914 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 7 theme Strain 899:904 arg1 T 913:913 T 913:913 T 913:913 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 8 dep neighbors 990:998 arg1 KSM-K16 1018:1024 [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 1000:1024 [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%) 1000:1032 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 8 dep neighbors 990:998 arg1 % 1031:1031 96.5% 1027:1031 96.5% 1027:1031 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 8 dep neighbors 990:998 arg1 21943 1060:1064 Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943 1035:1064 Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%) 1035:1074 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 8 dep neighbors 990:998 arg1 8716 1098:1101 Bacillus clausii DSM 8716 1077:1101 Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%) 1077:1112 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 1 9 theme halophilic 44:53 arg1 bacterium 55:63 a moderately halophilic bacterium 31:63 a moderately halophilic bacterium 31:63 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a saline-alkali soil. 25008165 1 9 theme halophilic 44:53 arg1 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a saline-alkali soil. 25008165 9 10 theme neighbors 990:998 arg1 K11 1212:1214 Bacillus oshimensis K11 1192:1214 Bacillus oshimensis K11 1192:1214 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 10 theme neighbors 990:998 arg1 % 1188:1188 96.0% 1184:1188 96.0% 1184:1188 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 10 theme neighbors 990:998 arg1 T 1216:1216 T 1216:1216 T 1216:1216 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 10 theme neighbors 990:998 arg1 MLB-2 1174:1178 Bacillus lehensis MLB-2 1156:1178 Bacillus lehensis MLB-2 1156:1178 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 10 theme neighbors 990:998 arg1 T 1180:1180 T 1180:1180 T 1180:1180 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 10 theme neighbors 990:998 arg1 PAT05 1138:1142 its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05 978:1142 its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%) 978:1153 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 10 theme neighbors 990:998 arg1 % 1152:1152 96.1% 1148:1152 96.1% 1148:1152 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 10 theme neighbors 990:998 arg1 % 1224:1224 95.9% 1220:1224 95.9% 1220:1224 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 10 theme neighbors 990:998 arg1 T 1144:1144 T 1144:1144 T 1144:1144 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 11 theme Bacillus 1192:1199 arg1 PAT05 1138:1142 its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05 978:1142 its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%) 978:1153 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 11 theme Bacillus 1192:1199 arg1 K11 1212:1214 Bacillus oshimensis K11 1192:1214 Bacillus oshimensis K11 1192:1214 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 12 theme phenotypic 1281:1290 arg1 characteristics 1292:1306 the phenotypic characteristics 1277:1306 the phenotypic characteristics 1277:1306 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 13 theme xiaoxiensis 1044:1054 arg1 KSM-K16 1018:1024 [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 1000:1024 [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%) 1000:1032 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 13 theme xiaoxiensis 1044:1054 arg1 T 1066:1066 T 1066:1066 T 1066:1066 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 13 theme xiaoxiensis 1044:1054 arg1 21943 1060:1064 Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943 1035:1064 Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%) 1035:1074 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 13 theme xiaoxiensis 1044:1054 arg1 % 1073:1073 96.2% 1069:1073 96.2% 1069:1073 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 8 14 theme G+C 853:855 arg1 content 857:863 The G+C content 849:863 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 849:882 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 48.6 mol%. 25008165 8 14 theme G+C 853:855 arg1 % 896:896 48.6 mol% 888:896 48.6 mol% 888:896 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 48.6 mol%. 25008165 11 15 theme = 1488:1488 arg1 26902 1494:1498 HNA-14(T) = KCTC 33145 = DSM 26902 1465:1498 HNA-14(T) = KCTC 33145 = DSM 26902 1465:1498 nov. (type strain, HNA-14(T) = KCTC 33145 = DSM 26902) is proposed. 25008165 9 16 theme [Bacillus 1000:1008 arg1 KSM-K16 1018:1024 [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 1000:1024 [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%) 1000:1032 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 16 theme [Bacillus 1000:1008 arg1 % 1031:1031 96.5% 1027:1031 96.5% 1027:1031 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 16 theme [Bacillus 1000:1008 arg1 21943 1060:1064 Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943 1035:1064 Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%) 1035:1074 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 16 theme [Bacillus 1000:1008 arg1 8716 1098:1101 Bacillus clausii DSM 8716 1077:1101 Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%) 1077:1112 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 10 17 theme shacheensis 1430:1440 arg1 sp 1442:1443 Bacillus shacheensis sp 1421:1443 Bacillus shacheensis sp 1421:1443 Therefore, a novel species of the genus Bacillus, Bacillus shacheensis sp. 25008165 9 18 theme clausii 1010:1016 arg1 KSM-K16 1018:1024 [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 1000:1024 [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%) 1000:1032 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 18 theme clausii 1010:1016 arg1 % 1031:1031 96.5% 1027:1031 96.5% 1027:1031 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 18 theme clausii 1010:1016 arg1 21943 1060:1064 Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943 1035:1064 Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%) 1035:1074 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 18 theme clausii 1010:1016 arg1 8716 1098:1101 Bacillus clausii DSM 8716 1077:1101 Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%) 1077:1112 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 2 19 theme strain 136:141 arg1 T 150:150 T 150:150 T 150:150 A moderately halophilic bacterium, strain HNA-14(T), was isolated from a saline-alkali soil sample collected in Shache County, Xinjiang Province. 25008165 2 19 theme strain 136:141 arg1 bacterium 125:133 A moderately halophilic bacterium 101:133 A moderately halophilic bacterium 101:133 A moderately halophilic bacterium, strain HNA-14(T), was isolated from a saline-alkali soil sample collected in Shache County, Xinjiang Province. 25008165 2 19 theme strain 136:141 arg1 HNA-14 143:148 strain HNA-14 136:148 strain HNA-14(T) 136:151 A moderately halophilic bacterium, strain HNA-14(T), was isolated from a saline-alkali soil sample collected in Shache County, Xinjiang Province. 25008165 9 20 theme 16S 932:934 arg1 similarity 955:964 a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 926:964 a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% 926:971 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 21 theme Bacillus 1077:1084 arg1 KSM-K16 1018:1024 [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 1000:1024 [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%) 1000:1032 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 21 theme Bacillus 1077:1084 arg1 % 1111:1111 96.1% 1107:1111 96.1% 1107:1111 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 21 theme Bacillus 1077:1084 arg1 T 1103:1103 T 1103:1103 T 1103:1103 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 21 theme Bacillus 1077:1084 arg1 8716 1098:1101 Bacillus clausii DSM 8716 1077:1101 Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%) 1077:1112 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 10 22 theme Bacillus 1421:1428 arg1 sp 1442:1443 Bacillus shacheensis sp 1421:1443 Bacillus shacheensis sp 1421:1443 Therefore, a novel species of the genus Bacillus, Bacillus shacheensis sp. 25008165 11 23 theme type 1452:1455 arg1 strain 1457:1462 type strain 1452:1462 type strain 1452:1462 nov. (type strain, HNA-14(T) = KCTC 33145 = DSM 26902) is proposed. 25008165 11 23 theme type 1452:1455 arg1 nov 1446:1448 nov 1446:1448 nov 1446:1448 nov. (type strain, HNA-14(T) = KCTC 33145 = DSM 26902) is proposed. 25008165 0 24 theme shacheensis 9:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Bacillus shacheensis sp 0:22 Bacillus shacheensis sp. 0:23 Bacillus shacheensis sp. 25008165 11 25 theme 33145 1482:1486 arg1 26902 1494:1498 HNA-14(T) = KCTC 33145 = DSM 26902 1465:1498 HNA-14(T) = KCTC 33145 = DSM 26902 1465:1498 nov. (type strain, HNA-14(T) = KCTC 33145 = DSM 26902) is proposed. 25008165 9 26 theme clausii 1086:1092 arg1 KSM-K16 1018:1024 [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 1000:1024 [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%) 1000:1032 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 26 theme clausii 1086:1092 arg1 % 1111:1111 96.1% 1107:1111 96.1% 1107:1111 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 26 theme clausii 1086:1092 arg1 T 1103:1103 T 1103:1103 T 1103:1103 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 26 theme clausii 1086:1092 arg1 8716 1098:1101 Bacillus clausii DSM 8716 1077:1101 Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%) 1077:1112 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 7 27 theme unknown 826:832 arg1 phospholipids 834:846 two unknown phospholipids 822:846 two unknown phospholipids 822:846 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0 and the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and two unknown phospholipids. 25008165 2 28 attach isolated 158:165 arg2 HNA-14 143:148 strain HNA-14 136:148 strain HNA-14(T) 136:151 A moderately halophilic bacterium, strain HNA-14(T), was isolated from a saline-alkali soil sample collected in Shache County, Xinjiang Province. 25008165 2 28 attach isolated 158:165 arg2 bacterium 125:133 A moderately halophilic bacterium 101:133 A moderately halophilic bacterium 101:133 A moderately halophilic bacterium, strain HNA-14(T), was isolated from a saline-alkali soil sample collected in Shache County, Xinjiang Province. 25008165 2 28 attach isolated 158:165 arg1 sample 193:198 a saline-alkali soil sample 172:198 a saline-alkali soil sample collected in Shache County, Xinjiang Province 172:244 A moderately halophilic bacterium, strain HNA-14(T), was isolated from a saline-alkali soil sample collected in Shache County, Xinjiang Province. 25008165 0 29 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 21:22 Bacillus shacheensis sp 0:22 Bacillus shacheensis sp. 0:23 Bacillus shacheensis sp. 25008165 9 30 theme DSM 1094:1096 arg1 KSM-K16 1018:1024 [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 1000:1024 [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%) 1000:1032 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 30 theme DSM 1094:1096 arg1 % 1111:1111 96.1% 1107:1111 96.1% 1107:1111 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 30 theme DSM 1094:1096 arg1 T 1103:1103 T 1103:1103 T 1103:1103 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 30 theme DSM 1094:1096 arg1 8716 1098:1101 Bacillus clausii DSM 8716 1077:1101 Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%) 1077:1112 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 1 31 theme saline-alkali 81:93 arg1 soil 95:98 a saline-alkali soil 79:98 a saline-alkali soil 79:98 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a saline-alkali soil. 25008165 8 32 theme genomic 872:878 arg1 DNA 880:882 the genomic DNA 868:882 the genomic DNA 868:882 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 48.6 mol%. 25008165 9 33 dep KSM-K16 1018:1024 arg1 Bacillus 1115:1122 [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis 1000:1136 Bacillus 1115:1122 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 33 dep KSM-K16 1018:1024 arg1 patagoniensis 1124:1136 [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis 1000:1136 patagoniensis 1124:1136 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 34 theme DSM 1056:1058 arg1 KSM-K16 1018:1024 [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 1000:1024 [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%) 1000:1032 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 34 theme DSM 1056:1058 arg1 T 1066:1066 T 1066:1066 T 1066:1066 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 34 theme DSM 1056:1058 arg1 21943 1060:1064 Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943 1035:1064 Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%) 1035:1074 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 34 theme DSM 1056:1058 arg1 % 1073:1073 96.2% 1069:1073 96.2% 1069:1073 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 35 theme low 928:930 arg1 similarity 955:964 a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 926:964 a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% 926:971 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 3 36 dep data 288:291 arg1 the 250:252 the 250:252 the 250:252 On the basis of the polyphasic taxonomic data, the isolate was considered to be a member of the genus Bacillus. 25008165 3 36 dep data 288:291 arg1 basis 254:258 basis 254:258 basis 254:258 On the basis of the polyphasic taxonomic data, the isolate was considered to be a member of the genus Bacillus. 25008165 7 37 theme fatty 628:632 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 645:657 anteiso-C15:0 645:657 anteiso-C15:0 645:657 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0 and the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and two unknown phospholipids. 25008165 7 37 theme fatty 628:632 arg1 acids 634:638 The major cellular fatty acids 609:638 The major cellular fatty acids 609:638 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0 and the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and two unknown phospholipids. 25008165 8 38 theme DNA 880:882 arg1 content 857:863 The G+C content 849:863 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 849:882 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 48.6 mol%. 25008165 8 38 theme DNA 880:882 arg1 % 896:896 48.6 mol% 888:896 48.6 mol% 888:896 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 48.6 mol%. 25008165 9 39 dep Bacillus 1192:1199 arg1 oshimensis 1201:1210 oshimensis 1201:1210 oshimensis 1201:1210 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 3 40 theme Bacillus 349:356 arg1 member 329:334 a member 327:334 a member of the genus Bacillus 327:356 On the basis of the polyphasic taxonomic data, the isolate was considered to be a member of the genus Bacillus. 25008165 3 40 theme Bacillus 349:356 arg1 isolate 298:304 the isolate 294:304 the isolate 294:304 On the basis of the polyphasic taxonomic data, the isolate was considered to be a member of the genus Bacillus. 25008165 9 41 theme Bacillus 1156:1163 arg1 PAT05 1138:1142 its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05 978:1142 its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%) 978:1153 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 41 theme Bacillus 1156:1163 arg1 MLB-2 1174:1178 Bacillus lehensis MLB-2 1156:1178 Bacillus lehensis MLB-2 1156:1178 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 7 42 theme phosphatidylinositol 786:805 arg1 mannosides 807:816 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 786:816 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 786:816 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0 and the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and two unknown phospholipids. 25008165 6 43 theme diamino 488:494 arg1 acid 496:499 The diamino acid 484:499 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 484:536 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 25008165 6 43 theme diamino 488:494 arg1 acid 562:565 meso-diaminopimelic acid 542:565 meso-diaminopimelic acid 542:565 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 25008165 11 44 theme = 1475:1475 arg1 26902 1494:1498 HNA-14(T) = KCTC 33145 = DSM 26902 1465:1498 HNA-14(T) = KCTC 33145 = DSM 26902 1465:1498 nov. (type strain, HNA-14(T) = KCTC 33145 = DSM 26902) is proposed. 25008165 9 45 theme rRNA 936:939 arg1 similarity 955:964 a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 926:964 a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% 926:971 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 7 46 theme major 613:617 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 645:657 anteiso-C15:0 645:657 anteiso-C15:0 645:657 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0 and the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and two unknown phospholipids. 25008165 7 46 theme major 613:617 arg1 acids 634:638 The major cellular fatty acids 609:638 The major cellular fatty acids 609:638 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0 and the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and two unknown phospholipids. 25008165 8 47 theme mol 893:895 arg1 % 896:896 48.6 mol% 888:896 48.6 mol% 888:896 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 48.6 mol%. 25008165 8 47 theme mol 893:895 arg1 content 857:863 The G+C content 849:863 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 849:882 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 48.6 mol%. 25008165 9 48 theme gene 941:944 arg1 similarity 955:964 a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 926:964 a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% 926:971 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 11 49 theme KCTC 1477:1480 arg1 26902 1494:1498 HNA-14(T) = KCTC 33145 = DSM 26902 1465:1498 HNA-14(T) = KCTC 33145 = DSM 26902 1465:1498 nov. (type strain, HNA-14(T) = KCTC 33145 = DSM 26902) is proposed. 25008165 7 50 theme cellular 619:626 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 645:657 anteiso-C15:0 645:657 anteiso-C15:0 645:657 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0 and the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and two unknown phospholipids. 25008165 7 50 theme cellular 619:626 arg1 acids 634:638 The major cellular fatty acids 609:638 The major cellular fatty acids 609:638 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0 and the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and two unknown phospholipids. 25008165 5 51 theme 5-10 472:475 arg1 % 476:476 % 476:476 % 476:476 It was moderately halophilic and its optimum growth occurred at 5-10% NaCl. 25008165 11 52 theme DSM 1490:1492 arg1 26902 1494:1498 HNA-14(T) = KCTC 33145 = DSM 26902 1465:1498 HNA-14(T) = KCTC 33145 = DSM 26902 1465:1498 nov. (type strain, HNA-14(T) = KCTC 33145 = DSM 26902) is proposed. 25008165 9 53 theme sequence 946:953 arg1 similarity 955:964 a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 926:964 a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% 926:971 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 3 54 theme polyphasic 267:276 arg1 data 288:291 the polyphasic taxonomic data 263:291 the polyphasic taxonomic data 263:291 On the basis of the polyphasic taxonomic data, the isolate was considered to be a member of the genus Bacillus. 25008165 2 55 theme saline-alkali 174:186 arg1 sample 193:198 a saline-alkali soil sample 172:198 a saline-alkali soil sample collected in Shache County, Xinjiang Province 172:244 A moderately halophilic bacterium, strain HNA-14(T), was isolated from a saline-alkali soil sample collected in Shache County, Xinjiang Province. 25008165 2 56 theme soil 188:191 arg1 sample 193:198 a saline-alkali soil sample 172:198 a saline-alkali soil sample collected in Shache County, Xinjiang Province 172:244 A moderately halophilic bacterium, strain HNA-14(T), was isolated from a saline-alkali soil sample collected in Shache County, Xinjiang Province. 25008165 5 57 theme % 476:476 arg1 NaCl 478:481 5-10% NaCl 472:481 5-10% NaCl 472:481 It was moderately halophilic and its optimum growth occurred at 5-10% NaCl. 25008165 9 58 theme Bacillus 1231:1238 arg1 % 1269:1269 95.8% 1265:1269 95.8% 1265:1269 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 58 theme Bacillus 1231:1238 arg1 DSM 1251:1253 Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008 1231:1259 Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%) 1231:1270 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 58 theme Bacillus 1231:1238 arg1 T 1261:1261 T 1261:1261 T 1261:1261 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 59 theme hunanensis 1240:1249 arg1 % 1269:1269 95.8% 1265:1269 95.8% 1265:1269 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 59 theme hunanensis 1240:1249 arg1 DSM 1251:1253 Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008 1231:1259 Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%) 1231:1270 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 59 theme hunanensis 1240:1249 arg1 T 1261:1261 T 1261:1261 T 1261:1261 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 6 60 theme predominant 575:585 arg1 menaquinone 587:597 the predominant menaquinone 571:597 the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 571:606 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 25008165 7 61 theme polar 681:685 arg1 profile 693:699 the polar lipid profile 677:699 the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and two unknown phospholipids 677:846 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0 and the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and two unknown phospholipids. 25008165 9 62 theme Bacillus 1035:1042 arg1 KSM-K16 1018:1024 [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 1000:1024 [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%) 1000:1032 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 62 theme Bacillus 1035:1042 arg1 T 1066:1066 T 1066:1066 T 1066:1066 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 62 theme Bacillus 1035:1042 arg1 21943 1060:1064 Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943 1035:1064 Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%) 1035:1074 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 62 theme Bacillus 1035:1042 arg1 % 1073:1073 96.2% 1069:1073 96.2% 1069:1073 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 10 63 theme Bacillus 1411:1418 arg1 species 1390:1396 a novel species 1382:1396 a novel species of the genus Bacillus 1382:1418 Therefore, a novel species of the genus Bacillus, Bacillus shacheensis sp. 25008165 7 64 theme lipid 687:691 arg1 profile 693:699 the polar lipid profile 677:699 the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and two unknown phospholipids 677:846 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0 and the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and two unknown phospholipids. 25008165 5 65 theme optimum 445:451 arg1 growth 453:458 its optimum growth 441:458 its optimum growth 441:458 It was moderately halophilic and its optimum growth occurred at 5-10% NaCl. 25008165 9 66 theme % 971:971 arg1 similarity 955:964 a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 926:964 a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% 926:971 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 11 67 dep strain 1457:1462 arg1 26902 1494:1498 HNA-14(T) = KCTC 33145 = DSM 26902 1465:1498 HNA-14(T) = KCTC 33145 = DSM 26902 1465:1498 nov. (type strain, HNA-14(T) = KCTC 33145 = DSM 26902) is proposed. 25008165 6 68 located found 501:505 arg2 acid 562:565 meso-diaminopimelic acid 542:565 meso-diaminopimelic acid 542:565 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 25008165 6 68 located found 501:505 arg1 peptidoglycan 524:536 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 510:536 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 510:536 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 25008165 6 68 located found 501:505 arg2 acid 496:499 The diamino acid 484:499 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 484:536 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 25008165 6 69 theme cell-wall 514:522 arg1 peptidoglycan 524:536 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 510:536 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 510:536 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 25008165 9 70 theme strain 1322:1327 arg1 T 1336:1336 T 1336:1336 T 1336:1336 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 25008165 9 70 theme strain 1322:1327 arg1 HNA-14 1329:1334 strain HNA-14 1322:1334 strain HNA-14(T) 1322:1337 Strain HNA-14(T) exhibited a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96% with its nearest neighbors [Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 (96.5%), Bacillus xiaoxiensis DSM 21943(T)(96.2%), Bacillus clausii DSM 8716(T) (96.1%), Bacillus patagoniensis PAT05(T) (96.1%), Bacillus lehensis MLB-2(T) (96.0%), Bacillus oshimensis K11(T) (95.9%) and Bacillus hunanensis DSM 23008(T) (95.8%)] and the phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain HNA-14(T) can be distinguished from them. 27902286 7 0 theme DNA 1063:1065 arg1 content 1071:1077 The DNA G+C content 1059:1077 The DNA G+C content of strain KM 45013T 1059:1097 The DNA G+C content of strain KM 45013T was 36.9 mol%. 27902286 7 0 theme DNA 1063:1065 arg1 % 1111:1111 36.9 mol% 1103:1111 36.9 mol% 1103:1111 The DNA G+C content of strain KM 45013T was 36.9 mol%. 27902286 9 1 theme KM 1236:1237 arg1 45013T 1239:1244 KM 45013T 1236:1244 KM 45013T 1236:1244 MK-6 was the menaquinone type of KM 45013T. 27902286 4 2 theme sheep 640:644 arg1 agar 652:655 sheep blood agar 640:655 sheep blood agar 640:655 The novel strains also exhibited differential phenotypic characteristics from M. caseolyticus, and the majority displayed a visible haemolysis on sheep blood agar, while M. caseolyticus did not have any haemolytic activity. 27902286 1 3 from infections 61:70 arg1 dogs 75:78 dogs 75:78 dogs 75:78 nov., a skin bacterium associated with infections in dogs. 27902286 13 4 theme type 1542:1545 arg1 strain 1547:1552 The type strain 1538:1552 The type strain 1538:1552 The type strain is KM 45013T (=DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T). 27902286 13 4 theme type 1542:1545 arg1 45013T 1560:1565 KM 45013T 1557:1565 KM 45013T (=DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T) 1557:1602 The type strain is KM 45013T (=DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T). 27902286 8 5 theme abundant 1123:1130 arg1 acids 1138:1142 The most abundant fatty acids 1114:1142 The most abundant fatty acids 1114:1142 The most abundant fatty acids were C14 : 0, C18 : 3ω6c (6, 9, 12) and C16 : 0 n alcohol. 27902286 8 5 theme abundant 1123:1130 arg1 C14  1149:1152 C14  1149:1152 C14  1149:1152 The most abundant fatty acids were C14 : 0, C18 : 3ω6c (6, 9, 12) and C16 : 0 n alcohol. 27902286 11 6 theme name 1493:1496 arg1 sp 1516:1517 the name Macrococcus canis sp 1489:1517 the name Macrococcus canis sp 1489:1517 Based on genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we propose to classify these strains within a novel species of the genus Macrococcus for which the name Macrococcus canis sp. 27902286 7 7 theme G+C 1067:1069 arg1 content 1071:1077 The DNA G+C content 1059:1077 The DNA G+C content of strain KM 45013T 1059:1097 The DNA G+C content of strain KM 45013T was 36.9 mol%. 27902286 7 7 theme G+C 1067:1069 arg1 % 1111:1111 36.9 mol% 1103:1111 36.9 mol% 1103:1111 The DNA G+C content of strain KM 45013T was 36.9 mol%. 27902286 6 8 theme same 1045:1048 arg1 species 1050:1056 the same species 1041:1056 the same species 1041:1056 Furthermore, strain KM 45013T shared only 53.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness with the type strain of M. caseolyticus, confirming that they do not belong to the same species. 27902286 11 9 theme chemotaxonomic 1362:1375 arg1 characteristics 1377:1391 genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1348:1391 genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1348:1391 Based on genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we propose to classify these strains within a novel species of the genus Macrococcus for which the name Macrococcus canis sp. 27902286 4 10 theme novel 498:502 arg1 strains 504:510 The novel strains 494:510 The novel strains 494:510 The novel strains also exhibited differential phenotypic characteristics from M. caseolyticus, and the majority displayed a visible haemolysis on sheep blood agar, while M. caseolyticus did not have any haemolytic activity. 27902286 11 11 theme Macrococcus 1498:1508 arg1 sp 1516:1517 the name Macrococcus canis sp 1489:1517 the name Macrococcus canis sp 1489:1517 Based on genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we propose to classify these strains within a novel species of the genus Macrococcus for which the name Macrococcus canis sp. 27902286 3 12 theme partial 465:471 arg1 genes 473:477 sodA partial genes 460:477 sodA partial genes 460:477 The closest relative by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was Macrococcus caseolyticus with 99.7 % sequence identity, but compared with M. caseolyticus, the novel strains shared only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively. 27902286 3 12 theme partial 465:471 arg1 cpn60 438:442 cpn60 438:442 cpn60 438:442 The closest relative by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was Macrococcus caseolyticus with 99.7 % sequence identity, but compared with M. caseolyticus, the novel strains shared only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively. 27902286 13 13 theme 101690T=CCOS 1573:1584 arg1 68920T 1596:1601 =DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T 1568:1601 =DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T 1568:1601 The type strain is KM 45013T (=DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T). 27902286 13 13 theme 101690T=CCOS 1573:1584 arg1 45013T 1560:1565 KM 45013T 1557:1565 KM 45013T (=DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T) 1557:1602 The type strain is KM 45013T (=DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T). 27902286 8 14 theme  0 n 1189:1192 arg1 alcohol 1194:1200  0 n alcohol 1189:1200 C14 : 0, C18 : 3ω6c (6, 9, 12) and C16 : 0 n alcohol 1149:1200 The most abundant fatty acids were C14 : 0, C18 : 3ω6c (6, 9, 12) and C16 : 0 n alcohol. 27902286 2 15 from sites 200:204 arg1 dogs 209:212 dogs 209:212 dogs 209:212 Gram-stain-positive cocci were isolated from miscellaneous sites of the skin of healthy dogs as well as from infection sites in dogs. 27902286 6 16 theme DNA-DNA 942:948 arg1 relatedness 950:960 only 53.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness 930:960 only 53.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness 930:960 Furthermore, strain KM 45013T shared only 53.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness with the type strain of M. caseolyticus, confirming that they do not belong to the same species. 27902286 3 17 theme % 310:310 arg1 identity 321:328 99.7 % sequence identity 305:328 99.7 % sequence identity 305:328 The closest relative by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was Macrococcus caseolyticus with 99.7 % sequence identity, but compared with M. caseolyticus, the novel strains shared only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively. 27902286 3 18 theme closest 219:225 arg1 relative 227:234 The closest relative 215:234 The closest relative by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene 215:269 The closest relative by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was Macrococcus caseolyticus with 99.7 % sequence identity, but compared with M. caseolyticus, the novel strains shared only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively. 27902286 5 19 theme matrix-assisted 743:757 arg1 MALDI-TOF 803:811 MALDI-TOF 803:811 MALDI-TOF 803:811 They generated different matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS spectral profiles compared with the other species of the genus Macrococcus. 27902286 5 19 theme matrix-assisted 743:757 arg1 time-of-flight 787:800 matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight 743:800 different matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS spectral profiles 733:833 They generated different matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS spectral profiles compared with the other species of the genus Macrococcus. 27902286 8 20 dep  3ω6c 1163:1167 arg1 12 1176:1177 12 1176:1177 12 1176:1177 The most abundant fatty acids were C14 : 0, C18 : 3ω6c (6, 9, 12) and C16 : 0 n alcohol. 27902286 3 21 theme sequence 312:319 arg1 identity 321:328 99.7 % sequence identity 305:328 99.7 % sequence identity 305:328 The closest relative by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was Macrococcus caseolyticus with 99.7 % sequence identity, but compared with M. caseolyticus, the novel strains shared only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively. 27902286 3 22 with identity 424:431 arg1 dnaJ 445:448 dnaJ 445:448 dnaJ 445:448 The closest relative by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was Macrococcus caseolyticus with 99.7 % sequence identity, but compared with M. caseolyticus, the novel strains shared only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively. 27902286 3 22 with identity 424:431 arg1 genes 473:477 sodA partial genes 460:477 sodA partial genes 460:477 The closest relative by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was Macrococcus caseolyticus with 99.7 % sequence identity, but compared with M. caseolyticus, the novel strains shared only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively. 27902286 3 22 with identity 424:431 arg1 cpn60 438:442 cpn60 438:442 cpn60 438:442 The closest relative by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was Macrococcus caseolyticus with 99.7 % sequence identity, but compared with M. caseolyticus, the novel strains shared only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively. 27902286 3 22 with identity 424:431 arg1 rpoB 451:454 rpoB 451:454 rpoB 451:454 The closest relative by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was Macrococcus caseolyticus with 99.7 % sequence identity, but compared with M. caseolyticus, the novel strains shared only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively. 27902286 3 23 theme sodA 460:463 arg1 genes 473:477 sodA partial genes 460:477 sodA partial genes 460:477 The closest relative by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was Macrococcus caseolyticus with 99.7 % sequence identity, but compared with M. caseolyticus, the novel strains shared only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively. 27902286 3 23 theme sodA 460:463 arg1 cpn60 438:442 cpn60 438:442 cpn60 438:442 The closest relative by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was Macrococcus caseolyticus with 99.7 % sequence identity, but compared with M. caseolyticus, the novel strains shared only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively. 27902286 6 24 theme strain 906:911 arg1 45013T 916:921 strain KM 45013T 906:921 strain KM 45013T 906:921 Furthermore, strain KM 45013T shared only 53.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness with the type strain of M. caseolyticus, confirming that they do not belong to the same species. 27902286 0 25 theme canis 12:16 arg1 sp 18:19 Macrococcus canis sp 0:19 Macrococcus canis sp. 0:20 Macrococcus canis sp. 27902286 2 26 theme miscellaneous 126:138 arg1 sites 140:144 miscellaneous sites 126:144 miscellaneous sites of the skin of healthy dogs 126:172 Gram-stain-positive cocci were isolated from miscellaneous sites of the skin of healthy dogs as well as from infection sites in dogs. 27902286 2 26 theme miscellaneous 126:138 arg1 skin 153:156 the skin 149:156 the skin of healthy dogs 149:172 Gram-stain-positive cocci were isolated from miscellaneous sites of the skin of healthy dogs as well as from infection sites in dogs. 27902286 10 27 theme A3α 1317:1319 arg1 type 1308:1311 the peptidoglycan type 1290:1311 the peptidoglycan type 1290:1311 Cell-wall structure analysis revealed that the peptidoglycan type was A3α l-Lys-Gly2-l-Ser. 27902286 10 27 theme A3α 1317:1319 arg1 l-Lys-Gly2-l-Ser 1321:1336 A3α l-Lys-Gly2-l-Ser 1317:1336 A3α l-Lys-Gly2-l-Ser 1317:1336 Cell-wall structure analysis revealed that the peptidoglycan type was A3α l-Lys-Gly2-l-Ser. 27902286 11 28 theme novel 1440:1444 arg1 species 1446:1452 a novel species 1438:1452 a novel species of the genus Macrococcus for which the name Macrococcus canis sp 1438:1517 Based on genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we propose to classify these strains within a novel species of the genus Macrococcus for which the name Macrococcus canis sp. 27902286 10 29 theme structure 1257:1265 arg1 analysis 1267:1274 Cell-wall structure analysis 1247:1274 Cell-wall structure analysis 1247:1274 Cell-wall structure analysis revealed that the peptidoglycan type was A3α l-Lys-Gly2-l-Ser. 27902286 7 30 theme 36.9 mol 1103:1110 arg1 content 1071:1077 The DNA G+C content 1059:1077 The DNA G+C content of strain KM 45013T 1059:1097 The DNA G+C content of strain KM 45013T was 36.9 mol%. 27902286 7 30 theme 36.9 mol 1103:1110 arg1 % 1111:1111 36.9 mol% 1103:1111 36.9 mol% 1103:1111 The DNA G+C content of strain KM 45013T was 36.9 mol%. 27902286 0 31 theme Macrococcus 0:10 arg1 sp 18:19 Macrococcus canis sp 0:19 Macrococcus canis sp. 0:20 Macrococcus canis sp. 27902286 13 32 theme 969T=CCUG 1586:1594 arg1 68920T 1596:1601 =DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T 1568:1601 =DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T 1568:1601 The type strain is KM 45013T (=DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T). 27902286 13 32 theme 969T=CCUG 1586:1594 arg1 45013T 1560:1565 KM 45013T 1557:1565 KM 45013T (=DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T) 1557:1602 The type strain is KM 45013T (=DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T). 27902286 9 33 theme menaquinone 1216:1226 arg1 MK-6 1203:1206 MK-6 1203:1206 MK-6 1203:1206 MK-6 was the menaquinone type of KM 45013T. 27902286 9 33 theme menaquinone 1216:1226 arg1 type 1228:1231 the menaquinone type 1212:1231 the menaquinone type of KM 45013T 1212:1244 MK-6 was the menaquinone type of KM 45013T. 27902286 10 34 theme peptidoglycan 1294:1306 arg1 type 1308:1311 the peptidoglycan type 1290:1311 the peptidoglycan type 1290:1311 Cell-wall structure analysis revealed that the peptidoglycan type was A3α l-Lys-Gly2-l-Ser. 27902286 10 34 theme peptidoglycan 1294:1306 arg1 l-Lys-Gly2-l-Ser 1321:1336 A3α l-Lys-Gly2-l-Ser 1317:1336 A3α l-Lys-Gly2-l-Ser 1317:1336 Cell-wall structure analysis revealed that the peptidoglycan type was A3α l-Lys-Gly2-l-Ser. 27902286 5 35 theme time-of-flight 787:800 arg1 profiles 826:833 different matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS spectral profiles 733:833 different matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS spectral profiles 733:833 They generated different matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS spectral profiles compared with the other species of the genus Macrococcus. 27902286 5 36 theme laser-desorption/ionization 759:785 arg1 MALDI-TOF 803:811 MALDI-TOF 803:811 MALDI-TOF 803:811 They generated different matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS spectral profiles compared with the other species of the genus Macrococcus. 27902286 5 36 theme laser-desorption/ionization 759:785 arg1 time-of-flight 787:800 matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight 743:800 different matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS spectral profiles 733:833 They generated different matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS spectral profiles compared with the other species of the genus Macrococcus. 27902286 8 37 dep C14  1149:1152 arg1  3ω6c 1163:1167  3ω6c 1163:1167  3ω6c 1163:1167 The most abundant fatty acids were C14 : 0, C18 : 3ω6c (6, 9, 12) and C16 : 0 n alcohol. 27902286 8 37 dep C14  1149:1152 arg1 C18  1158:1161 C18  1158:1161 C18  1158:1161 The most abundant fatty acids were C14 : 0, C18 : 3ω6c (6, 9, 12) and C16 : 0 n alcohol. 27902286 8 37 dep C14  1149:1152 arg1 C16  1184:1187 C16  1184:1187 C16  1184:1187 The most abundant fatty acids were C14 : 0, C18 : 3ω6c (6, 9, 12) and C16 : 0 n alcohol. 27902286 8 37 dep C14  1149:1152 arg1 alcohol 1194:1200  0 n alcohol 1189:1200 C14 : 0, C18 : 3ω6c (6, 9, 12) and C16 : 0 n alcohol 1149:1200 The most abundant fatty acids were C14 : 0, C18 : 3ω6c (6, 9, 12) and C16 : 0 n alcohol. 27902286 10 38 theme Cell-wall 1247:1255 arg1 analysis 1267:1274 Cell-wall structure analysis 1247:1274 Cell-wall structure analysis 1247:1274 Cell-wall structure analysis revealed that the peptidoglycan type was A3α l-Lys-Gly2-l-Ser. 27902286 3 39 theme % 409:409 arg1 identity 424:431 only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity 391:431 only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively 391:491 The closest relative by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was Macrococcus caseolyticus with 99.7 % sequence identity, but compared with M. caseolyticus, the novel strains shared only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively. 27902286 2 40 theme dogs 169:172 arg1 skin 153:156 the skin 149:156 the skin of healthy dogs 149:172 Gram-stain-positive cocci were isolated from miscellaneous sites of the skin of healthy dogs as well as from infection sites in dogs. 27902286 4 41 from caseolyticus 575:586 arg1 characteristics 551:565 differential phenotypic characteristics 527:565 differential phenotypic characteristics from M. caseolyticus 527:586 The novel strains also exhibited differential phenotypic characteristics from M. caseolyticus, and the majority displayed a visible haemolysis on sheep blood agar, while M. caseolyticus did not have any haemolytic activity. 27902286 3 42 theme  DNA 410:413 arg1 identity 424:431 only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity 391:431 only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively 391:491 The closest relative by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was Macrococcus caseolyticus with 99.7 % sequence identity, but compared with M. caseolyticus, the novel strains shared only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively. 27902286 7 43 theme strain 1082:1087 arg1 45013T 1092:1097 strain KM 45013T 1082:1097 strain KM 45013T 1082:1097 The DNA G+C content of strain KM 45013T was 36.9 mol%. 27902286 5 44 theme Macrococcus 880:890 arg1 species 859:865 the other species 849:865 the other species of the genus Macrococcus 849:890 They generated different matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS spectral profiles compared with the other species of the genus Macrococcus. 27902286 2 45 theme healthy 161:167 arg1 dogs 169:172 healthy dogs 161:172 healthy dogs 161:172 Gram-stain-positive cocci were isolated from miscellaneous sites of the skin of healthy dogs as well as from infection sites in dogs. 27902286 5 46 theme MS 814:815 arg1 profiles 826:833 different matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS spectral profiles 733:833 different matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS spectral profiles 733:833 They generated different matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS spectral profiles compared with the other species of the genus Macrococcus. 27902286 3 47 theme novel 370:374 arg1 strains 376:382 the novel strains 366:382 the novel strains 366:382 The closest relative by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was Macrococcus caseolyticus with 99.7 % sequence identity, but compared with M. caseolyticus, the novel strains shared only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively. 27902286 2 48 theme Gram-stain-positive 81:99 arg1 cocci 101:105 Gram-stain-positive cocci 81:105 Gram-stain-positive cocci 81:105 Gram-stain-positive cocci were isolated from miscellaneous sites of the skin of healthy dogs as well as from infection sites in dogs. 27902286 7 49 theme KM 1089:1090 arg1 45013T 1092:1097 strain KM 45013T 1082:1097 strain KM 45013T 1082:1097 The DNA G+C content of strain KM 45013T was 36.9 mol%. 27902286 7 50 theme 45013T 1092:1097 arg1 content 1071:1077 The DNA G+C content 1059:1077 The DNA G+C content of strain KM 45013T 1059:1097 The DNA G+C content of strain KM 45013T was 36.9 mol%. 27902286 7 50 theme 45013T 1092:1097 arg1 % 1111:1111 36.9 mol% 1103:1111 36.9 mol% 1103:1111 The DNA G+C content of strain KM 45013T was 36.9 mol%. 27902286 5 51 theme spectral 817:824 arg1 profiles 826:833 different matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS spectral profiles 733:833 different matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS spectral profiles 733:833 They generated different matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS spectral profiles compared with the other species of the genus Macrococcus. 27902286 13 52 theme =DSM 1568:1571 arg1 68920T 1596:1601 =DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T 1568:1601 =DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T 1568:1601 The type strain is KM 45013T (=DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T). 27902286 13 52 theme =DSM 1568:1571 arg1 45013T 1560:1565 KM 45013T 1557:1565 KM 45013T (=DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T) 1557:1602 The type strain is KM 45013T (=DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T). 27902286 5 53 theme other 853:857 arg1 species 859:865 the other species 849:865 the other species of the genus Macrococcus 849:890 They generated different matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS spectral profiles compared with the other species of the genus Macrococcus. 27902286 3 54 theme gene 266:269 arg1 sequencing 239:248 sequencing 239:248 sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene 239:269 The closest relative by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was Macrococcus caseolyticus with 99.7 % sequence identity, but compared with M. caseolyticus, the novel strains shared only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively. 27902286 2 55 theme skin 153:156 arg1 sites 140:144 miscellaneous sites 126:144 miscellaneous sites of the skin of healthy dogs 126:172 Gram-stain-positive cocci were isolated from miscellaneous sites of the skin of healthy dogs as well as from infection sites in dogs. 27902286 2 55 theme skin 153:156 arg1 skin 153:156 the skin 149:156 the skin of healthy dogs 149:172 Gram-stain-positive cocci were isolated from miscellaneous sites of the skin of healthy dogs as well as from infection sites in dogs. 27902286 11 56 theme genus 1461:1465 arg1 Macrococcus 1467:1477 the genus Macrococcus 1457:1477 the genus Macrococcus for which the name Macrococcus canis sp 1457:1517 Based on genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we propose to classify these strains within a novel species of the genus Macrococcus for which the name Macrococcus canis sp. 27902286 5 57 theme genus 874:878 arg1 Macrococcus 880:890 the genus Macrococcus 870:890 the genus Macrococcus 870:890 They generated different matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS spectral profiles compared with the other species of the genus Macrococcus. 27902286 4 58 theme differential 527:538 arg1 characteristics 551:565 differential phenotypic characteristics 527:565 differential phenotypic characteristics from M. caseolyticus 527:586 The novel strains also exhibited differential phenotypic characteristics from M. caseolyticus, and the majority displayed a visible haemolysis on sheep blood agar, while M. caseolyticus did not have any haemolytic activity. 27902286 4 59 contain have 688:691 arg2 activity 708:715 any haemolytic activity 693:715 any haemolytic activity 693:715 The novel strains also exhibited differential phenotypic characteristics from M. caseolyticus, and the majority displayed a visible haemolysis on sheep blood agar, while M. caseolyticus did not have any haemolytic activity. 27902286 4 59 contain have 688:691 arg1 caseolyticus 667:678 M. caseolyticus 664:678 M. caseolyticus 664:678 The novel strains also exhibited differential phenotypic characteristics from M. caseolyticus, and the majority displayed a visible haemolysis on sheep blood agar, while M. caseolyticus did not have any haemolytic activity. 27902286 11 60 theme canis 1510:1514 arg1 sp 1516:1517 the name Macrococcus canis sp 1489:1517 the name Macrococcus canis sp 1489:1517 Based on genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we propose to classify these strains within a novel species of the genus Macrococcus for which the name Macrococcus canis sp. 27902286 5 61 theme different 733:741 arg1 profiles 826:833 different matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS spectral profiles 733:833 different matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS spectral profiles 733:833 They generated different matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS spectral profiles compared with the other species of the genus Macrococcus. 27902286 2 62 theme infection 190:198 arg1 sites 200:204 infection sites 190:204 infection sites in dogs 190:212 Gram-stain-positive cocci were isolated from miscellaneous sites of the skin of healthy dogs as well as from infection sites in dogs. 27902286 8 63 theme fatty 1132:1136 arg1 acids 1138:1142 The most abundant fatty acids 1114:1142 The most abundant fatty acids 1114:1142 The most abundant fatty acids were C14 : 0, C18 : 3ω6c (6, 9, 12) and C16 : 0 n alcohol. 27902286 8 63 theme fatty 1132:1136 arg1 C14  1149:1152 C14  1149:1152 C14  1149:1152 The most abundant fatty acids were C14 : 0, C18 : 3ω6c (6, 9, 12) and C16 : 0 n alcohol. 27902286 4 64 theme blood 646:650 arg1 agar 652:655 sheep blood agar 640:655 sheep blood agar 640:655 The novel strains also exhibited differential phenotypic characteristics from M. caseolyticus, and the majority displayed a visible haemolysis on sheep blood agar, while M. caseolyticus did not have any haemolytic activity. 27902286 11 65 theme genotypic 1348:1356 arg1 characteristics 1377:1391 genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1348:1391 genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1348:1391 Based on genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we propose to classify these strains within a novel species of the genus Macrococcus for which the name Macrococcus canis sp. 27902286 3 66 theme 16S 257:259 arg1 gene 266:269 the 16S rRNA gene 253:269 the 16S rRNA gene 253:269 The closest relative by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was Macrococcus caseolyticus with 99.7 % sequence identity, but compared with M. caseolyticus, the novel strains shared only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively. 27902286 1 67 dep bacterium 35:43 arg1 nov. 22:25 nov. 22:25 nov. 22:25 nov., a skin bacterium associated with infections in dogs. 27902286 4 68 theme phenotypic 540:549 arg1 characteristics 551:565 differential phenotypic characteristics 527:565 differential phenotypic characteristics from M. caseolyticus 527:586 The novel strains also exhibited differential phenotypic characteristics from M. caseolyticus, and the majority displayed a visible haemolysis on sheep blood agar, while M. caseolyticus did not have any haemolytic activity. 27902286 3 69 theme rRNA 261:264 arg1 gene 266:269 the 16S rRNA gene 253:269 the 16S rRNA gene 253:269 The closest relative by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was Macrococcus caseolyticus with 99.7 % sequence identity, but compared with M. caseolyticus, the novel strains shared only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively. 27902286 6 70 dep % 940:940 arg1 53.7  935:939 53.7  935:939 53.7  935:939 Furthermore, strain KM 45013T shared only 53.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness with the type strain of M. caseolyticus, confirming that they do not belong to the same species. 27902286 3 71 dep 93.5  404:408 arg1 to 401:402 to 401:402 to 401:402 The closest relative by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was Macrococcus caseolyticus with 99.7 % sequence identity, but compared with M. caseolyticus, the novel strains shared only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively. 27902286 4 72 theme visible 618:624 arg1 haemolysis 626:635 a visible haemolysis 616:635 a visible haemolysis 616:635 The novel strains also exhibited differential phenotypic characteristics from M. caseolyticus, and the majority displayed a visible haemolysis on sheep blood agar, while M. caseolyticus did not have any haemolytic activity. 27902286 13 73 theme KM 1557:1558 arg1 strain 1547:1552 The type strain 1538:1552 The type strain 1538:1552 The type strain is KM 45013T (=DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T). 27902286 13 73 theme KM 1557:1558 arg1 45013T 1560:1565 KM 45013T 1557:1565 KM 45013T (=DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T) 1557:1602 The type strain is KM 45013T (=DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T). 27902286 13 73 theme KM 1557:1558 arg1 68920T 1596:1601 =DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T 1568:1601 =DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T 1568:1601 The type strain is KM 45013T (=DSM 101690T=CCOS 969T=CCUG 68920T). 27902286 3 74 theme sequence 415:422 arg1 identity 424:431 only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity 391:431 only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively 391:491 The closest relative by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was Macrococcus caseolyticus with 99.7 % sequence identity, but compared with M. caseolyticus, the novel strains shared only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively. 27902286 6 75 theme caseolyticus 989:1000 arg1 strain 976:981 the type strain 967:981 the type strain of M. caseolyticus 967:1000 Furthermore, strain KM 45013T shared only 53.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness with the type strain of M. caseolyticus, confirming that they do not belong to the same species. 27902286 2 76 attach isolated 112:119 arg2 cocci 101:105 Gram-stain-positive cocci 81:105 Gram-stain-positive cocci 81:105 Gram-stain-positive cocci were isolated from miscellaneous sites of the skin of healthy dogs as well as from infection sites in dogs. 27902286 2 76 attach isolated 112:119 arg1 skin 153:156 the skin 149:156 the skin of healthy dogs 149:172 Gram-stain-positive cocci were isolated from miscellaneous sites of the skin of healthy dogs as well as from infection sites in dogs. 27902286 2 76 attach isolated 112:119 arg1 sites 200:204 infection sites 190:204 infection sites in dogs 190:212 Gram-stain-positive cocci were isolated from miscellaneous sites of the skin of healthy dogs as well as from infection sites in dogs. 27902286 2 76 attach isolated 112:119 arg1 sites 140:144 miscellaneous sites 126:144 miscellaneous sites of the skin of healthy dogs 126:172 Gram-stain-positive cocci were isolated from miscellaneous sites of the skin of healthy dogs as well as from infection sites in dogs. 27902286 9 77 theme 45013T 1239:1244 arg1 MK-6 1203:1206 MK-6 1203:1206 MK-6 1203:1206 MK-6 was the menaquinone type of KM 45013T. 27902286 9 77 theme 45013T 1239:1244 arg1 type 1228:1231 the menaquinone type 1212:1231 the menaquinone type of KM 45013T 1212:1244 MK-6 was the menaquinone type of KM 45013T. 27902286 3 78 theme 99.7  305:309 arg1 % 310:310 % 310:310 % 310:310 The closest relative by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was Macrococcus caseolyticus with 99.7 % sequence identity, but compared with M. caseolyticus, the novel strains shared only 90.8 to 93.5 % DNA sequence identity with cpn60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA partial genes, respectively. 27902286 6 79 dep relatedness 950:960 arg1 % 940:940 % 940:940 % 940:940 Furthermore, strain KM 45013T shared only 53.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness with the type strain of M. caseolyticus, confirming that they do not belong to the same species. 27902286 1 80 theme skin 30:33 arg1 bacterium 35:43 a skin bacterium 28:43 a skin bacterium associated with infections in dogs 28:78 nov., a skin bacterium associated with infections in dogs. 27902286 11 81 theme Macrococcus 1467:1477 arg1 species 1446:1452 a novel species 1438:1452 a novel species of the genus Macrococcus for which the name Macrococcus canis sp 1438:1517 Based on genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we propose to classify these strains within a novel species of the genus Macrococcus for which the name Macrococcus canis sp. 27902286 4 82 theme haemolytic 697:706 arg1 activity 708:715 any haemolytic activity 693:715 any haemolytic activity 693:715 The novel strains also exhibited differential phenotypic characteristics from M. caseolyticus, and the majority displayed a visible haemolysis on sheep blood agar, while M. caseolyticus did not have any haemolytic activity. 27902286 6 83 theme KM 913:914 arg1 45013T 916:921 strain KM 45013T 906:921 strain KM 45013T 906:921 Furthermore, strain KM 45013T shared only 53.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness with the type strain of M. caseolyticus, confirming that they do not belong to the same species. 27902286 6 84 theme type 971:974 arg1 strain 976:981 the type strain 967:981 the type strain of M. caseolyticus 967:1000 Furthermore, strain KM 45013T shared only 53.7 % DNA-DNA relatedness with the type strain of M. caseolyticus, confirming that they do not belong to the same species. 25977281 3 0 dep Oenothera 271:279 arg1 biennis 281:287 Oenothera biennis 271:287 Oenothera biennis 271:287 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 25977281 2 1 theme herbaceous 105:114 arg1 plants 116:121 herbaceous plants 105:121 herbaceous plants 105:121 nov., isolated from the roots of herbaceous plants. 25977281 5 2 theme 96.3 659:662 arg1 % 663:663 % 663:663 % 663:663 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 13 3 theme 33185T = JCM 1844:1855 arg1 19572T 1857:1862 type strain DLE-12T = KCTC 33185T = JCM 19572T 1817:1862 type strain DLE-12T = KCTC 33185T = JCM 19572T 1817:1862 nov. (type strain DLE-12T = KCTC 33185T = JCM 19572T) are proposed. 25977281 13 3 theme 33185T = JCM 1844:1855 arg1 nov 1811:1813 nov 1811:1813 nov 1811:1813 nov. (type strain DLE-12T = KCTC 33185T = JCM 19572T) are proposed. 25977281 5 4 theme 16S 665:667 arg1 similarity 688:697 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 659:697 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each 659:705 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 6 5 contain contained 897:905 arg2  0 920:921  0 920:921  0 920:921 Both isolates contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone. 25977281 6 5 contain contained 897:905 arg1 isolates 888:895 Both isolates 883:895 Both isolates 883:895 Both isolates contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone. 25977281 6 5 contain contained 897:905 arg2 acid 1002:1005 the diagnostic diamino acid 979:1005 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone 979:1076 Both isolates contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone. 25977281 6 5 contain contained 897:905 arg2 acid 945:948 the dominant fatty acid 926:948 the dominant fatty acid 926:948 Both isolates contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone. 25977281 5 6 theme taihuensis 633:642 arg1 THMBG22T 644:651 Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T 619:651 Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T 619:651 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 5 7 theme hodogayensis 810:821 arg1 SGT 823:825 Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT 796:825 Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT 796:825 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 5 8 theme sequence 848:855 arg1 similarity 857:866 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity 833:866 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity 833:866 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 12 9 theme hemerocallicola 1791:1805 arg1 sp 1807:1808 Paenibacillus hemerocallicola sp 1777:1808 Paenibacillus hemerocallicola sp 1777:1808 nov. (type strain DT7-4T = KCTC 33186T = JCM 19573T) and Paenibacillus hemerocallicola sp. 25977281 7 10 theme cellular 1083:1090 arg1 lipids 1098:1103 The cellular polar lipids 1079:1103 The cellular polar lipids 1079:1103 The cellular polar lipids were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified polar lipids. 25977281 8 11 theme G+C 1232:1234 arg1 % 1309:1309 50.1 ± 0.7 and 55.2 ± 0.5 mol% 1280:1309 50.1 ± 0.7 and 55.2 ± 0.5 mol% 1280:1309 The DNA G+C contents of strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T were 50.1 ± 0.7 and 55.2 ± 0.5 mol%, respectively. 25977281 8 11 theme G+C 1232:1234 arg1 contents 1236:1243 The DNA G+C contents 1224:1243 The DNA G+C contents of strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T 1224:1273 The DNA G+C contents of strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T were 50.1 ± 0.7 and 55.2 ± 0.5 mol%, respectively. 25977281 6 12 theme meso-diaminopimelic 951:969 arg1 acid 945:948 the dominant fatty acid 926:948 the dominant fatty acid 926:948 Both isolates contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone. 25977281 6 12 theme meso-diaminopimelic 951:969 arg1 acid 971:974 meso-diaminopimelic acid 951:974 meso-diaminopimelic acid 951:974 Both isolates contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone. 25977281 13 13 theme strain 1822:1827 arg1 19572T 1857:1862 type strain DLE-12T = KCTC 33185T = JCM 19572T 1817:1862 type strain DLE-12T = KCTC 33185T = JCM 19572T 1817:1862 nov. (type strain DLE-12T = KCTC 33185T = JCM 19572T) are proposed. 25977281 13 13 theme strain 1822:1827 arg1 nov 1811:1813 nov 1811:1813 nov 1811:1813 nov. (type strain DLE-12T = KCTC 33185T = JCM 19572T) are proposed. 25977281 3 14 theme evening 253:259 arg1 Oenothera 271:279 Oenothera 271:279 Oenothera 271:279 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 25977281 3 14 theme evening 253:259 arg1 primrose 261:268 evening primrose 253:268 evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) 253:288 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 25977281 6 15 theme dominant 930:937 arg1  0 920:921  0 920:921  0 920:921 Both isolates contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone. 25977281 6 15 theme dominant 930:937 arg1 acid 945:948 the dominant fatty acid 926:948 the dominant fatty acid 926:948 Both isolates contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone. 25977281 6 15 theme dominant 930:937 arg1 acid 971:974 meso-diaminopimelic acid 951:974 meso-diaminopimelic acid 951:974 Both isolates contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone. 25977281 5 16 theme gene 674:677 arg1 similarity 688:697 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 659:697 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each 659:705 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 4 17 theme 16S 396:398 arg1 sequences 410:418 16S rRNA gene sequences 396:418 16S rRNA gene sequences 396:418 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains fell into two distinct phylogenetic clusters belonging to the genus Paenibacillus. 25977281 11 18 theme taxonomic 1549:1557 arg1 analysis 1559:1566 our polyphasic taxonomic analysis 1534:1566 our polyphasic taxonomic analysis 1534:1566 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T should be recognized as representatives of novel species of Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus oenotherae sp. 25977281 12 19 theme Paenibacillus 1777:1789 arg1 sp 1807:1808 Paenibacillus hemerocallicola sp 1777:1808 Paenibacillus hemerocallicola sp 1777:1808 nov. (type strain DT7-4T = KCTC 33186T = JCM 19573T) and Paenibacillus hemerocallicola sp. 25977281 3 20 theme Hemerocallis 304:315 arg1 lily 298:301 day lily 294:301 day lily (Hemerocallis fulva) 294:322 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 25977281 3 20 theme Hemerocallis 304:315 arg1 fulva 317:321 Hemerocallis fulva 304:321 Hemerocallis fulva 304:321 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 25977281 4 21 theme gene 405:408 arg1 sequences 410:418 16S rRNA gene sequences 396:418 16S rRNA gene sequences 396:418 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains fell into two distinct phylogenetic clusters belonging to the genus Paenibacillus. 25977281 12 22 theme strain 1731:1736 arg1 nov 1720:1722 nov 1720:1722 nov 1720:1722 nov. (type strain DT7-4T = KCTC 33186T = JCM 19573T) and Paenibacillus hemerocallicola sp. 25977281 12 22 theme strain 1731:1736 arg1 19573T 1765:1770 type strain DT7-4T = KCTC 33186T = JCM 19573T 1726:1770 type strain DT7-4T = KCTC 33186T = JCM 19573T 1726:1770 nov. (type strain DT7-4T = KCTC 33186T = JCM 19573T) and Paenibacillus hemerocallicola sp. 25977281 3 23 theme lily 298:301 arg1 roots 244:248 roots 244:248 roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively 244:336 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 25977281 4 24 theme distinct 465:472 arg1 clusters 487:494 two distinct phylogenetic clusters 461:494 two distinct phylogenetic clusters belonging to the genus Paenibacillus 461:531 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains fell into two distinct phylogenetic clusters belonging to the genus Paenibacillus. 25977281 3 25 theme Gram-staining-positive 128:149 arg1 DLE-12T 216:222 DLE-12T 216:222 DLE-12T 216:222 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 25977281 3 25 theme Gram-staining-positive 128:149 arg1 bacteria 187:194 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria 124:194 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria 124:194 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 25977281 3 25 theme Gram-staining-positive 128:149 arg1 DT7-4T 205:210 strains DT7-4T 197:210 strains DT7-4T 197:210 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 25977281 5 26 theme Paenibacillus 755:767 arg1 139T 787:790 Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T 755:790 Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T 755:790 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 5 27 theme Paenibacillus 576:588 arg1 PALXIL04T 605:613 Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T 576:613 Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T 576:613 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 12 28 theme 33186T = JCM 1752:1763 arg1 nov 1720:1722 nov 1720:1722 nov 1720:1722 nov. (type strain DT7-4T = KCTC 33186T = JCM 19573T) and Paenibacillus hemerocallicola sp. 25977281 12 28 theme 33186T = JCM 1752:1763 arg1 19573T 1765:1770 type strain DT7-4T = KCTC 33186T = JCM 19573T 1726:1770 type strain DT7-4T = KCTC 33186T = JCM 19573T 1726:1770 nov. (type strain DT7-4T = KCTC 33186T = JCM 19573T) and Paenibacillus hemerocallicola sp. 25977281 6 29 theme diagnostic 983:992 arg1 acid 1002:1005 the diagnostic diamino acid 979:1005 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone 979:1076 Both isolates contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone. 25977281 6 29 theme diagnostic 983:992 arg1  0 920:921  0 920:921  0 920:921 Both isolates contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone. 25977281 11 30 dep sp 1716:1717 arg1 names 1685:1689 the names 1681:1689 the names 1681:1689 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T should be recognized as representatives of novel species of Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus oenotherae sp. 25977281 0 31 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 25:26 Paenibacillus oenotherae sp 0:26 Paenibacillus oenotherae sp. 0:27 Paenibacillus oenotherae sp. 25977281 7 32 theme polar 1092:1096 arg1 lipids 1098:1103 The cellular polar lipids 1079:1103 The cellular polar lipids 1079:1103 The cellular polar lipids were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified polar lipids. 25977281 3 33 dep Gram-staining-positive 128:149 arg1 motile 180:185 motile 180:185 motile 180:185 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 25977281 3 33 dep Gram-staining-positive 128:149 arg1 endospore-forming 161:177 endospore-forming 161:177 endospore-forming 161:177 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 25977281 3 33 dep Gram-staining-positive 128:149 arg1 aerobic 152:158 aerobic 152:158 aerobic 152:158 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 25977281 7 34 theme unidentified 1197:1208 arg1 lipids 1216:1221 unidentified polar lipids 1197:1221 unidentified polar lipids 1197:1221 The cellular polar lipids were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified polar lipids. 25977281 5 35 dep similarity 857:866 arg1 % 846:846 % 846:846 % 846:846 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 5 36 theme Gsoil 781:785 arg1 139T 787:790 Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T 755:790 Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T 755:790 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 5 37 dep % 846:846 arg1 93.3 842:845 93.3 842:845 93.3 842:845 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 5 37 dep % 846:846 arg1 96.6 833:836 96.6 833:836 96.6 833:836 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 11 38 theme Paenibacillus 1656:1668 arg1 species 1645:1651 novel species 1639:1651 novel species of Paenibacillus 1639:1668 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T should be recognized as representatives of novel species of Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus oenotherae sp. 25977281 11 39 theme species 1645:1651 arg1 strains 1569:1575 strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T 1569:1594 strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T 1569:1594 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T should be recognized as representatives of novel species of Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus oenotherae sp. 25977281 11 39 theme species 1645:1651 arg1 representatives 1620:1634 representatives 1620:1634 representatives 1620:1634 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T should be recognized as representatives of novel species of Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus oenotherae sp. 25977281 1 40 theme hemerocallicola 52:66 arg1 sp 68:69 Paenibacillus hemerocallicola sp 38:69 Paenibacillus hemerocallicola sp 38:69 nov. and Paenibacillus hemerocallicola sp. 25977281 3 41 attach isolated 230:237 arg2 DT7-4T 205:210 strains DT7-4T 197:210 strains DT7-4T 197:210 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 25977281 3 41 attach isolated 230:237 arg1 roots 244:248 roots 244:248 roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively 244:336 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 25977281 3 41 attach isolated 230:237 arg2 bacteria 187:194 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria 124:194 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria 124:194 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 25977281 3 41 attach isolated 230:237 arg2 DLE-12T 216:222 DLE-12T 216:222 DLE-12T 216:222 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 25977281 2 42 theme plants 116:121 arg1 roots 96:100 the roots 92:100 the roots of herbaceous plants 92:121 nov., isolated from the roots of herbaceous plants. 25977281 13 43 theme DLE-12T = KCTC 1829:1842 arg1 19572T 1857:1862 type strain DLE-12T = KCTC 33185T = JCM 19572T 1817:1862 type strain DLE-12T = KCTC 33185T = JCM 19572T 1817:1862 nov. (type strain DLE-12T = KCTC 33185T = JCM 19572T) are proposed. 25977281 13 43 theme DLE-12T = KCTC 1829:1842 arg1 nov 1811:1813 nov 1811:1813 nov 1811:1813 nov. (type strain DLE-12T = KCTC 33185T = JCM 19572T) are proposed. 25977281 11 44 theme Paenibacillus 1691:1703 arg1 sp 1716:1717 Paenibacillus oenotherae sp 1691:1717 Paenibacillus oenotherae sp 1691:1717 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T should be recognized as representatives of novel species of Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus oenotherae sp. 25977281 5 45 theme % 663:663 arg1 similarity 688:697 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 659:697 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each 659:705 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 5 46 theme Paenibacillus 619:631 arg1 THMBG22T 644:651 Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T 619:651 Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T 619:651 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 5 47 theme Paenibacillus 796:808 arg1 SGT 823:825 Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT 796:825 Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT 796:825 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 10 48 theme phylogenetic 1454:1465 arg1 analyses 1467:1474 our biochemical and phylogenetic analyses 1434:1474 our biochemical and phylogenetic analyses 1434:1474 However, our biochemical and phylogenetic analyses distinguished each isolate from related species. 25977281 5 49 with related 565:571 arg1 similarity 688:697 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 659:697 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each 659:705 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 13 50 theme type 1817:1820 arg1 19572T 1857:1862 type strain DLE-12T = KCTC 33185T = JCM 19572T 1817:1862 type strain DLE-12T = KCTC 33185T = JCM 19572T 1817:1862 nov. (type strain DLE-12T = KCTC 33185T = JCM 19572T) are proposed. 25977281 13 50 theme type 1817:1820 arg1 nov 1811:1813 nov 1811:1813 nov 1811:1813 nov. (type strain DLE-12T = KCTC 33185T = JCM 19572T) are proposed. 25977281 10 51 theme biochemical 1438:1448 arg1 analyses 1467:1474 our biochemical and phylogenetic analyses 1434:1474 our biochemical and phylogenetic analyses 1434:1474 However, our biochemical and phylogenetic analyses distinguished each isolate from related species. 25977281 8 52 theme DNA 1228:1230 arg1 % 1309:1309 50.1 ± 0.7 and 55.2 ± 0.5 mol% 1280:1309 50.1 ± 0.7 and 55.2 ± 0.5 mol% 1280:1309 The DNA G+C contents of strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T were 50.1 ± 0.7 and 55.2 ± 0.5 mol%, respectively. 25977281 8 52 theme DNA 1228:1230 arg1 contents 1236:1243 The DNA G+C contents 1224:1243 The DNA G+C contents of strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T 1224:1273 The DNA G+C contents of strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T were 50.1 ± 0.7 and 55.2 ± 0.5 mol%, respectively. 25977281 6 53 theme fatty 939:943 arg1  0 920:921  0 920:921  0 920:921 Both isolates contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone. 25977281 6 53 theme fatty 939:943 arg1 acid 945:948 the dominant fatty acid 926:948 the dominant fatty acid 926:948 Both isolates contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone. 25977281 6 53 theme fatty 939:943 arg1 acid 971:974 meso-diaminopimelic acid 951:974 meso-diaminopimelic acid 951:974 Both isolates contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone. 25977281 3 54 theme primrose 261:268 arg1 roots 244:248 roots 244:248 roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively 244:336 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 25977281 5 55 theme rRNA 669:672 arg1 similarity 688:697 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 659:697 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each 659:705 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 5 56 theme Strain 534:539 arg1 DT7-4T 541:546 Strain DT7-4T 534:546 Strain DT7-4T 534:546 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 8 57 theme strains 1248:1254 arg1 % 1309:1309 50.1 ± 0.7 and 55.2 ± 0.5 mol% 1280:1309 50.1 ± 0.7 and 55.2 ± 0.5 mol% 1280:1309 The DNA G+C contents of strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T were 50.1 ± 0.7 and 55.2 ± 0.5 mol%, respectively. 25977281 8 57 theme strains 1248:1254 arg1 contents 1236:1243 The DNA G+C contents 1224:1243 The DNA G+C contents of strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T 1224:1273 The DNA G+C contents of strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T were 50.1 ± 0.7 and 55.2 ± 0.5 mol%, respectively. 25977281 3 58 theme day 294:296 arg1 lily 298:301 day lily 294:301 day lily (Hemerocallis fulva) 294:322 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 25977281 3 58 theme day 294:296 arg1 fulva 317:321 Hemerocallis fulva 304:321 Hemerocallis fulva 304:321 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 25977281 4 59 theme rRNA 400:403 arg1 sequences 410:418 16S rRNA gene sequences 396:418 16S rRNA gene sequences 396:418 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains fell into two distinct phylogenetic clusters belonging to the genus Paenibacillus. 25977281 11 60 theme polyphasic 1538:1547 arg1 analysis 1559:1566 our polyphasic taxonomic analysis 1534:1566 our polyphasic taxonomic analysis 1534:1566 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T should be recognized as representatives of novel species of Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus oenotherae sp. 25977281 5 61 theme sequence 679:686 arg1 similarity 688:697 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 659:697 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each 659:705 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 6 62 theme cell-wall 1014:1022 arg1 peptidoglycan 1024:1036 cell-wall peptidoglycan 1014:1036 cell-wall peptidoglycan 1014:1036 Both isolates contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone. 25977281 4 63 theme sequences 410:418 arg1 Analysis 384:391 Analysis 384:391 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 384:418 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains fell into two distinct phylogenetic clusters belonging to the genus Paenibacillus. 25977281 4 64 theme phylogenetic 474:485 arg1 clusters 487:494 two distinct phylogenetic clusters 461:494 two distinct phylogenetic clusters belonging to the genus Paenibacillus 461:531 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains fell into two distinct phylogenetic clusters belonging to the genus Paenibacillus. 25977281 5 65 with related 744:750 arg1 similarity 857:866 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity 833:866 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity 833:866 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 12 66 theme type 1726:1729 arg1 nov 1720:1722 nov 1720:1722 nov 1720:1722 nov. (type strain DT7-4T = KCTC 33186T = JCM 19573T) and Paenibacillus hemerocallicola sp. 25977281 12 66 theme type 1726:1729 arg1 19573T 1765:1770 type strain DT7-4T = KCTC 33186T = JCM 19573T 1726:1770 type strain DT7-4T = KCTC 33186T = JCM 19573T 1726:1770 nov. (type strain DT7-4T = KCTC 33186T = JCM 19573T) and Paenibacillus hemerocallicola sp. 25977281 6 67 theme diamino 994:1000 arg1 acid 1002:1005 the diagnostic diamino acid 979:1005 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone 979:1076 Both isolates contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone. 25977281 6 67 theme diamino 994:1000 arg1  0 920:921  0 920:921  0 920:921 Both isolates contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone. 25977281 6 68 from acid 1002:1005 arg1 MK-7 1042:1045 MK-7 1042:1045 MK-7 1042:1045 Both isolates contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone. 25977281 6 68 from acid 1002:1005 arg1 peptidoglycan 1024:1036 cell-wall peptidoglycan 1014:1036 cell-wall peptidoglycan 1014:1036 Both isolates contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone. 25977281 5 69 theme strain 712:717 arg1 DLE-12T 719:725 strain DLE-12T 712:725 strain DLE-12T 712:725 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 9 70 theme chemotaxonomic 1330:1343 arg1 typical 1378:1384 typical 1378:1384 typical 1378:1384 The chemotaxonomic properties of both isolates were typical of members of the genus Paenibacillus. 25977281 9 70 theme chemotaxonomic 1330:1343 arg1 properties 1345:1354 The chemotaxonomic properties 1326:1354 The chemotaxonomic properties of both isolates 1326:1371 The chemotaxonomic properties of both isolates were typical of members of the genus Paenibacillus. 25977281 5 71 theme phyllosphaerae 590:603 arg1 PALXIL04T 605:613 Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T 576:613 Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T 576:613 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 12 72 theme DT7-4T = KCTC 1738:1750 arg1 nov 1720:1722 nov 1720:1722 nov 1720:1722 nov. (type strain DT7-4T = KCTC 33186T = JCM 19573T) and Paenibacillus hemerocallicola sp. 25977281 12 72 theme DT7-4T = KCTC 1738:1750 arg1 19573T 1765:1770 type strain DT7-4T = KCTC 33186T = JCM 19573T 1726:1770 type strain DT7-4T = KCTC 33186T = JCM 19573T 1726:1770 nov. (type strain DT7-4T = KCTC 33186T = JCM 19573T) and Paenibacillus hemerocallicola sp. 25977281 6 73 dep peptidoglycan 1024:1036 arg1 the 1010:1012 the 1010:1012 the 1010:1012 Both isolates contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone. 25977281 3 74 theme strains 197:203 arg1 bacteria 187:194 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria 124:194 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria 124:194 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 25977281 3 74 theme strains 197:203 arg1 DT7-4T 205:210 strains DT7-4T 197:210 strains DT7-4T 197:210 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 25977281 0 75 theme oenotherae 14:23 arg1 sp 25:26 Paenibacillus oenotherae sp 0:26 Paenibacillus oenotherae sp. 0:27 Paenibacillus oenotherae sp. 25977281 9 76 theme isolates 1364:1371 arg1 typical 1378:1384 typical 1378:1384 typical 1378:1384 The chemotaxonomic properties of both isolates were typical of members of the genus Paenibacillus. 25977281 9 76 theme isolates 1364:1371 arg1 properties 1345:1354 The chemotaxonomic properties 1326:1354 The chemotaxonomic properties of both isolates 1326:1371 The chemotaxonomic properties of both isolates were typical of members of the genus Paenibacillus. 25977281 6 77 theme respiratory 1054:1064 arg1 menaquinone 1066:1076 the respiratory menaquinone 1050:1076 the respiratory menaquinone 1050:1076 Both isolates contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone. 25977281 3 78 theme taxonomic 356:364 arg1 characterization 366:381 taxonomic characterization 356:381 taxonomic characterization 356:381 Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile bacteria, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T, were isolated from roots of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) and day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), respectively, and subjected to taxonomic characterization. 25977281 10 79 theme related 1508:1514 arg1 species 1516:1522 related species 1508:1522 related species 1508:1522 However, our biochemical and phylogenetic analyses distinguished each isolate from related species. 25977281 11 80 dep strains 1569:1575 arg1 strains 1569:1575 strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T 1569:1594 strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T 1569:1594 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T should be recognized as representatives of novel species of Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus oenotherae sp. 25977281 11 80 dep strains 1569:1575 arg1 DLE-12T 1588:1594 DLE-12T 1588:1594 DLE-12T 1588:1594 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T should be recognized as representatives of novel species of Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus oenotherae sp. 25977281 11 80 dep strains 1569:1575 arg1 DT7-4T 1577:1582 DT7-4T 1577:1582 DT7-4T 1577:1582 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T should be recognized as representatives of novel species of Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus oenotherae sp. 25977281 8 81 dep strains 1248:1254 arg1 strains 1248:1254 strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T 1248:1273 strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T 1248:1273 The DNA G+C contents of strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T were 50.1 ± 0.7 and 55.2 ± 0.5 mol%, respectively. 25977281 8 81 dep strains 1248:1254 arg1 DLE-12T 1267:1273 DLE-12T 1267:1273 DLE-12T 1267:1273 The DNA G+C contents of strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T were 50.1 ± 0.7 and 55.2 ± 0.5 mol%, respectively. 25977281 8 81 dep strains 1248:1254 arg1 DT7-4T 1256:1261 DT7-4T 1256:1261 DT7-4T 1256:1261 The DNA G+C contents of strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T were 50.1 ± 0.7 and 55.2 ± 0.5 mol%, respectively. 25977281 5 82 theme ginsengarvi 769:779 arg1 139T 787:790 Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T 755:790 Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T 755:790 Strain DT7-4T was most closely related to Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae PALXIL04T and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T, with 96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each, and strain DLE-12T was most closely related to Paenibacillus ginsengarvi Gsoil 139T and Paenibacillus hodogayensis SGT, with 96.6 and 93.3% sequence similarity, respectively. 25977281 9 83 theme members 1389:1395 arg1 typical 1378:1384 typical 1378:1384 typical 1378:1384 The chemotaxonomic properties of both isolates were typical of members of the genus Paenibacillus. 25977281 9 83 theme members 1389:1395 arg1 properties 1345:1354 The chemotaxonomic properties 1326:1354 The chemotaxonomic properties of both isolates 1326:1371 The chemotaxonomic properties of both isolates were typical of members of the genus Paenibacillus. 25977281 4 84 theme Paenibacillus 519:531 arg1 genus 513:517 the genus Paenibacillus 509:531 the genus Paenibacillus 509:531 Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains fell into two distinct phylogenetic clusters belonging to the genus Paenibacillus. 25977281 11 85 theme novel 1639:1643 arg1 species 1645:1651 novel species 1639:1651 novel species of Paenibacillus 1639:1668 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T should be recognized as representatives of novel species of Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus oenotherae sp. 25977281 9 86 theme Paenibacillus 1410:1422 arg1 members 1389:1395 members 1389:1395 members of the genus Paenibacillus 1389:1422 The chemotaxonomic properties of both isolates were typical of members of the genus Paenibacillus. 25977281 1 87 theme Paenibacillus 38:50 arg1 sp 68:69 Paenibacillus hemerocallicola sp 38:69 Paenibacillus hemerocallicola sp 38:69 nov. and Paenibacillus hemerocallicola sp. 25977281 11 88 theme oenotherae 1705:1714 arg1 sp 1716:1717 Paenibacillus oenotherae sp 1691:1717 Paenibacillus oenotherae sp 1691:1717 Based on our polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strains DT7-4T and DLE-12T should be recognized as representatives of novel species of Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus oenotherae sp. 25977281 7 89 theme polar 1210:1214 arg1 lipids 1216:1221 unidentified polar lipids 1197:1221 unidentified polar lipids 1197:1221 The cellular polar lipids were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified polar lipids. 25193040 14 0 theme O25b 1575:1578 arg1 isolates 1580:1587 the serotype O25b isolates 1562:1587 the serotype O25b isolates 1562:1587 All the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates showed identical triple mutations in gyrA and parC but the serotype O25b isolates had an additional mutation in parC (E84V). 25193040 0 1 from characteristics 15:29 arg1 isolates 85:92 urinary isolates 77:92 urinary isolates 77:92 Prevalence and characteristics of lactose non-fermenting Escherichia coli in urinary isolates. 25193040 13 2 theme O75-ST1193 1406:1415 arg1 isolates 1394:1401 isolates 1394:1401 isolates of O75-ST1193 and O25b-ST131 1394:1430 The ciprofloxacin resistance rate was high in isolates of O75-ST1193 and O25b-ST131 but low in O16-ST131 and O2-ST95. 25193040 5 3 theme PCR-based 540:548 arg1 typing 552:557 PCR-based O typing 540:557 PCR-based O typing 540:557 The lactose non-fermenters underwent PCR-based O typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, phylogenetic grouping. 25193040 5 3 theme PCR-based 540:548 arg1 grouping 617:624 phylogenetic grouping 604:624 phylogenetic grouping 604:624 The lactose non-fermenters underwent PCR-based O typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, phylogenetic grouping. 25193040 5 3 theme PCR-based 540:548 arg1 analysis 594:601 multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis 560:601 multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis 560:601 The lactose non-fermenters underwent PCR-based O typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, phylogenetic grouping. 25193040 2 4 theme coli 366:369 arg1 isolates 351:358 urinary isolates 343:358 urinary isolates of E. coli 343:369 In this study, we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of lactose non-fermenters in urinary isolates of E. coli. 25193040 2 5 from characteristics 298:312 arg1 isolates 351:358 urinary isolates 343:358 urinary isolates of E. coli 343:369 In this study, we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of lactose non-fermenters in urinary isolates of E. coli. 25193040 13 6 from low 1436:1438 arg1 O16-ST131 1443:1451 O16-ST131 1443:1451 O16-ST131 1443:1451 The ciprofloxacin resistance rate was high in isolates of O75-ST1193 and O25b-ST131 but low in O16-ST131 and O2-ST95. 25193040 13 6 from low 1436:1438 arg1 O2-ST95 1457:1463 O2-ST95 1457:1463 O2-ST95 1457:1463 The ciprofloxacin resistance rate was high in isolates of O75-ST1193 and O25b-ST131 but low in O16-ST131 and O2-ST95. 25193040 2 7 dep prevalence 283:292 arg1 the 279:281 the 279:281 the 279:281 In this study, we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of lactose non-fermenters in urinary isolates of E. coli. 25193040 7 8 theme lactose 745:751 arg1 non-fermenters 753:766 lactose non-fermenters 745:766 lactose non-fermenters 745:766 Thirty-three (19.7%) isolates were lactose non-fermenters and the ciprofloxacin resistance rate was significantly higher than in lactose fermenters (66.7% vs. 31.6%, P = 0.0002). 25193040 0 9 from Prevalence 0:9 arg1 isolates 85:92 urinary isolates 77:92 urinary isolates 77:92 Prevalence and characteristics of lactose non-fermenting Escherichia coli in urinary isolates. 25193040 13 10 theme O25b-ST131 1421:1430 arg1 isolates 1394:1401 isolates 1394:1401 isolates of O75-ST1193 and O25b-ST131 1394:1430 The ciprofloxacin resistance rate was high in isolates of O75-ST1193 and O25b-ST131 but low in O16-ST131 and O2-ST95. 25193040 4 11 dep determined 459:468 arg1 bioMerieux 482:491 bioMerieux 482:491 bioMerieux 482:491 Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were determined by VITEK 2 (bioMerieux, France). 25193040 4 11 dep determined 459:468 arg1 France 494:499 France 494:499 France 494:499 Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were determined by VITEK 2 (bioMerieux, France). 25193040 15 12 theme aac 1658:1660 arg1 variant 1672:1678 aac(6')-Ib-cr variant 1658:1678 aac(6')-Ib-cr variant 1658:1678 Only one isolate harbored aac(6')-Ib-cr variant and no qnr gene was detected. 25193040 16 13 theme lactose 1780:1786 arg1 non-fermenters 1788:1801 the lactose non-fermenters 1776:1801 the lactose non-fermenters 1776:1801 Continuous monitoring of the prevalence and clonal composition of the lactose non-fermenters is needed. 25193040 5 14 theme phylogenetic 604:615 arg1 typing 552:557 PCR-based O typing 540:557 PCR-based O typing 540:557 The lactose non-fermenters underwent PCR-based O typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, phylogenetic grouping. 25193040 5 14 theme phylogenetic 604:615 arg1 grouping 617:624 phylogenetic grouping 604:624 phylogenetic grouping 604:624 The lactose non-fermenters underwent PCR-based O typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, phylogenetic grouping. 25193040 0 15 theme Escherichia 57:67 arg1 non-fermenting 42:55 lactose non-fermenting Escherichia coli 34:72 lactose non-fermenting Escherichia coli 34:72 Prevalence and characteristics of lactose non-fermenting Escherichia coli in urinary isolates. 25193040 13 16 from O2-ST95 1457:1463 arg1 low 1436:1438 low 1436:1438 low 1436:1438 The ciprofloxacin resistance rate was high in isolates of O75-ST1193 and O25b-ST131 but low in O16-ST131 and O2-ST95. 25193040 5 17 theme sequence 571:578 arg1 MLST 588:591 MLST 588:591 MLST 588:591 The lactose non-fermenters underwent PCR-based O typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, phylogenetic grouping. 25193040 5 17 theme sequence 571:578 arg1 typing 580:585 multilocus sequence typing 560:585 multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis 560:601 The lactose non-fermenters underwent PCR-based O typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, phylogenetic grouping. 25193040 14 18 from mutations 1531:1539 arg1 parC 1553:1556 parC 1553:1556 parC 1553:1556 All the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates showed identical triple mutations in gyrA and parC but the serotype O25b isolates had an additional mutation in parC (E84V). 25193040 14 18 from mutations 1531:1539 arg1 gyrA 1544:1547 gyrA 1544:1547 gyrA 1544:1547 All the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates showed identical triple mutations in gyrA and parC but the serotype O25b isolates had an additional mutation in parC (E84V). 25193040 14 19 theme triple 1524:1529 arg1 mutations 1531:1539 identical triple mutations 1514:1539 identical triple mutations in gyrA and parC 1514:1556 All the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates showed identical triple mutations in gyrA and parC but the serotype O25b isolates had an additional mutation in parC (E84V). 25193040 5 20 theme typing 580:585 arg1 analysis 594:601 multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis 560:601 multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis 560:601 The lactose non-fermenters underwent PCR-based O typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, phylogenetic grouping. 25193040 5 20 theme typing 580:585 arg1 typing 552:557 PCR-based O typing 540:557 PCR-based O typing 540:557 The lactose non-fermenters underwent PCR-based O typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, phylogenetic grouping. 25193040 2 21 theme non-fermenters 325:338 arg1 prevalence 283:292 prevalence 283:292 prevalence 283:292 In this study, we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of lactose non-fermenters in urinary isolates of E. coli. 25193040 2 21 theme non-fermenters 325:338 arg1 characteristics 298:312 characteristics 298:312 characteristics 298:312 In this study, we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of lactose non-fermenters in urinary isolates of E. coli. 25193040 3 22 theme E. 387:388 arg1 isolates 395:402 167 E. coli isolates 383:402 167 E. coli isolates 383:402 A total of 167 E. coli isolates was collected. 25193040 13 23 from isolates 1394:1401 arg1 high 1386:1389 high 1386:1389 high 1386:1389 The ciprofloxacin resistance rate was high in isolates of O75-ST1193 and O25b-ST131 but low in O16-ST131 and O2-ST95. 25193040 13 23 from isolates 1394:1401 arg1 rate 1377:1380 The ciprofloxacin resistance rate 1348:1380 The ciprofloxacin resistance rate 1348:1380 The ciprofloxacin resistance rate was high in isolates of O75-ST1193 and O25b-ST131 but low in O16-ST131 and O2-ST95. 25193040 12 24 theme ST131 1258:1262 arg1 isolates 1246:1253 8 isolates 1244:1253 8 isolates of ST131 1244:1262 Interestingly, 8 isolates of ST131 were divided into three O types [O16 (4 isolates), O25b (3), and non-typeable (1)]. 25193040 2 25 theme lactose 317:323 arg1 non-fermenters 325:338 lactose non-fermenters 317:338 lactose non-fermenters 317:338 In this study, we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of lactose non-fermenters in urinary isolates of E. coli. 25193040 15 26 theme qnr 1687:1689 arg1 gene 1691:1694 no qnr gene 1684:1694 no qnr gene 1684:1694 Only one isolate harbored aac(6')-Ib-cr variant and no qnr gene was detected. 25193040 7 27 theme lactose 839:845 arg1 fermenters 847:856 lactose fermenters 839:856 lactose fermenters 839:856 Thirty-three (19.7%) isolates were lactose non-fermenters and the ciprofloxacin resistance rate was significantly higher than in lactose fermenters (66.7% vs. 31.6%, P = 0.0002). 25193040 11 28 dep common 1180:1185 arg1 14/33 1188:1192 14/33 1188:1192 14/33 1188:1192 ST1193 was the most common (14/33) and was followed by ST131 (8/33). 25193040 1 29 theme serotype 105:112 arg1 O75 114:116 serotype O75 105:116 serotype O75 105:116 Recently, serotype O75 was found to be prominent among the non-ST131 ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli, and they were all lactose non-fermenters. 25193040 13 30 from high 1386:1389 arg1 isolates 1394:1401 isolates 1394:1401 isolates of O75-ST1193 and O25b-ST131 1394:1430 The ciprofloxacin resistance rate was high in isolates of O75-ST1193 and O25b-ST131 but low in O16-ST131 and O2-ST95. 25193040 13 31 theme resistance 1366:1375 arg1 high 1386:1389 high 1386:1389 high 1386:1389 The ciprofloxacin resistance rate was high in isolates of O75-ST1193 and O25b-ST131 but low in O16-ST131 and O2-ST95. 25193040 13 31 theme resistance 1366:1375 arg1 rate 1377:1380 The ciprofloxacin resistance rate 1348:1380 The ciprofloxacin resistance rate 1348:1380 The ciprofloxacin resistance rate was high in isolates of O75-ST1193 and O25b-ST131 but low in O16-ST131 and O2-ST95. 25193040 16 32 theme composition 1761:1771 arg1 monitoring 1721:1730 Continuous monitoring 1710:1730 Continuous monitoring of the prevalence and clonal composition of the lactose non-fermenters 1710:1801 Continuous monitoring of the prevalence and clonal composition of the lactose non-fermenters is needed. 25193040 0 33 theme non-fermenting 42:55 arg1 characteristics 15:29 characteristics 15:29 characteristics 15:29 Prevalence and characteristics of lactose non-fermenting Escherichia coli in urinary isolates. 25193040 0 33 theme non-fermenting 42:55 arg1 Prevalence 0:9 Prevalence 0:9 Prevalence 0:9 Prevalence and characteristics of lactose non-fermenting Escherichia coli in urinary isolates. 25193040 14 34 contain had 1589:1591 arg1 isolates 1580:1587 the serotype O25b isolates 1562:1587 the serotype O25b isolates 1562:1587 All the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates showed identical triple mutations in gyrA and parC but the serotype O25b isolates had an additional mutation in parC (E84V). 25193040 14 34 contain had 1589:1591 arg2 mutation 1607:1614 an additional mutation 1593:1614 an additional mutation in parC (E84V) 1593:1629 All the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates showed identical triple mutations in gyrA and parC but the serotype O25b isolates had an additional mutation in parC (E84V). 25193040 16 35 theme Continuous 1710:1719 arg1 monitoring 1721:1730 Continuous monitoring 1710:1730 Continuous monitoring of the prevalence and clonal composition of the lactose non-fermenters 1710:1801 Continuous monitoring of the prevalence and clonal composition of the lactose non-fermenters is needed. 25193040 9 36 theme O75 1053:1055 arg1 isolates 1057:1064 All the O75 isolates 1045:1064 All the O75 isolates 1045:1064 All the O75 isolates were ciprofloxacin-resistant and belonged to ST1193. 25193040 9 36 theme O75 1053:1055 arg1 ciprofloxacin-resistant 1071:1093 ciprofloxacin-resistant 1071:1093 ciprofloxacin-resistant 1071:1093 All the O75 isolates were ciprofloxacin-resistant and belonged to ST1193. 25193040 14 37 from mutation 1607:1614 arg1 E84V 1625:1628 E84V 1625:1628 E84V 1625:1628 All the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates showed identical triple mutations in gyrA and parC but the serotype O25b isolates had an additional mutation in parC (E84V). 25193040 14 37 from mutation 1607:1614 arg1 parC 1619:1622 parC 1619:1622 parC (E84V) 1619:1629 All the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates showed identical triple mutations in gyrA and parC but the serotype O25b isolates had an additional mutation in parC (E84V). 25193040 14 38 theme additional 1596:1605 arg1 mutation 1607:1614 an additional mutation 1593:1614 an additional mutation in parC (E84V) 1593:1629 All the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates showed identical triple mutations in gyrA and parC but the serotype O25b isolates had an additional mutation in parC (E84V). 25193040 0 39 theme lactose 34:40 arg1 non-fermenting 42:55 lactose non-fermenting Escherichia coli 34:72 lactose non-fermenting Escherichia coli 34:72 Prevalence and characteristics of lactose non-fermenting Escherichia coli in urinary isolates. 25193040 14 40 theme identical 1514:1522 arg1 mutations 1531:1539 identical triple mutations 1514:1539 identical triple mutations in gyrA and parC 1514:1556 All the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates showed identical triple mutations in gyrA and parC but the serotype O25b isolates had an additional mutation in parC (E84V). 25193040 7 41 theme Thirty-three 710:721 arg1 isolates 731:738 Thirty-three (19.7%) isolates 710:738 Thirty-three (19.7%) isolates 710:738 Thirty-three (19.7%) isolates were lactose non-fermenters and the ciprofloxacin resistance rate was significantly higher than in lactose fermenters (66.7% vs. 31.6%, P = 0.0002). 25193040 7 41 theme Thirty-three 710:721 arg1 % 728:728 19.7% 724:728 19.7% 724:728 Thirty-three (19.7%) isolates were lactose non-fermenters and the ciprofloxacin resistance rate was significantly higher than in lactose fermenters (66.7% vs. 31.6%, P = 0.0002). 25193040 16 42 theme non-fermenters 1788:1801 arg1 composition 1761:1771 clonal composition 1754:1771 clonal composition 1754:1771 Continuous monitoring of the prevalence and clonal composition of the lactose non-fermenters is needed. 25193040 16 42 theme non-fermenters 1788:1801 arg1 prevalence 1739:1748 prevalence 1739:1748 prevalence 1739:1748 Continuous monitoring of the prevalence and clonal composition of the lactose non-fermenters is needed. 25193040 5 43 theme O 550:550 arg1 typing 552:557 PCR-based O typing 540:557 PCR-based O typing 540:557 The lactose non-fermenters underwent PCR-based O typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, phylogenetic grouping. 25193040 5 43 theme O 550:550 arg1 grouping 617:624 phylogenetic grouping 604:624 phylogenetic grouping 604:624 The lactose non-fermenters underwent PCR-based O typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, phylogenetic grouping. 25193040 5 43 theme O 550:550 arg1 analysis 594:601 multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis 560:601 multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis 560:601 The lactose non-fermenters underwent PCR-based O typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, phylogenetic grouping. 25193040 3 44 theme coli 390:393 arg1 isolates 395:402 167 E. coli isolates 383:402 167 E. coli isolates 383:402 A total of 167 E. coli isolates was collected. 25193040 7 45 dep = 878:878 arg1 % 863:863 66.7% 859:863 66.7% 859:863 Thirty-three (19.7%) isolates were lactose non-fermenters and the ciprofloxacin resistance rate was significantly higher than in lactose fermenters (66.7% vs. 31.6%, P = 0.0002). 25193040 7 45 dep = 878:878 arg1 % 873:873 31.6% 869:873 31.6% 869:873 Thirty-three (19.7%) isolates were lactose non-fermenters and the ciprofloxacin resistance rate was significantly higher than in lactose fermenters (66.7% vs. 31.6%, P = 0.0002). 25193040 15 46 theme -Ib-cr 1665:1670 arg1 variant 1672:1678 aac(6')-Ib-cr variant 1658:1678 aac(6')-Ib-cr variant 1658:1678 Only one isolate harbored aac(6')-Ib-cr variant and no qnr gene was detected. 25193040 0 47 dep non-fermenting 42:55 arg1 coli 69:72 lactose non-fermenting Escherichia coli 34:72 lactose non-fermenting Escherichia coli 34:72 Prevalence and characteristics of lactose non-fermenting Escherichia coli in urinary isolates. 25193040 16 48 dep prevalence 1739:1748 arg1 the 1735:1737 the 1735:1737 the 1735:1737 Continuous monitoring of the prevalence and clonal composition of the lactose non-fermenters is needed. 25193040 3 49 theme isolates 395:402 arg1 total 374:378 A total 372:378 A total of 167 E. coli isolates 372:402 A total of 167 E. coli isolates was collected. 25193040 7 50 theme resistance 790:799 arg1 rate 801:804 the ciprofloxacin resistance rate 772:804 the ciprofloxacin resistance rate 772:804 Thirty-three (19.7%) isolates were lactose non-fermenters and the ciprofloxacin resistance rate was significantly higher than in lactose fermenters (66.7% vs. 31.6%, P = 0.0002). 25193040 7 50 theme resistance 790:799 arg1 higher 824:829 higher 824:829 higher 824:829 Thirty-three (19.7%) isolates were lactose non-fermenters and the ciprofloxacin resistance rate was significantly higher than in lactose fermenters (66.7% vs. 31.6%, P = 0.0002). 25193040 13 51 theme ciprofloxacin 1352:1364 arg1 high 1386:1389 high 1386:1389 high 1386:1389 The ciprofloxacin resistance rate was high in isolates of O75-ST1193 and O25b-ST131 but low in O16-ST131 and O2-ST95. 25193040 13 51 theme ciprofloxacin 1352:1364 arg1 rate 1377:1380 The ciprofloxacin resistance rate 1348:1380 The ciprofloxacin resistance rate 1348:1380 The ciprofloxacin resistance rate was high in isolates of O75-ST1193 and O25b-ST131 but low in O16-ST131 and O2-ST95. 25193040 4 52 theme Antimicrobial 419:431 arg1 tests 448:452 Antimicrobial susceptibility tests 419:452 Antimicrobial susceptibility tests 419:452 Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were determined by VITEK 2 (bioMerieux, France). 25193040 12 53 theme O 1288:1288 arg1 types 1290:1294 three O types 1282:1294 three O types 1282:1294 Interestingly, 8 isolates of ST131 were divided into three O types [O16 (4 isolates), O25b (3), and non-typeable (1)]. 25193040 6 54 theme resistance 669:678 arg1 mechanisms 680:689 the resistance mechanisms 665:689 the resistance mechanisms 665:689 For ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, the resistance mechanisms were investigated. 25193040 14 55 theme ciprofloxacin-resistant 1474:1496 arg1 isolates 1498:1505 All the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates 1466:1505 All the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates 1466:1505 All the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates showed identical triple mutations in gyrA and parC but the serotype O25b isolates had an additional mutation in parC (E84V). 25193040 16 56 theme prevalence 1739:1748 arg1 monitoring 1721:1730 Continuous monitoring 1710:1730 Continuous monitoring of the prevalence and clonal composition of the lactose non-fermenters 1710:1801 Continuous monitoring of the prevalence and clonal composition of the lactose non-fermenters is needed. 25193040 5 57 theme multilocus 560:569 arg1 MLST 588:591 MLST 588:591 MLST 588:591 The lactose non-fermenters underwent PCR-based O typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, phylogenetic grouping. 25193040 5 57 theme multilocus 560:569 arg1 typing 580:585 multilocus sequence typing 560:585 multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis 560:601 The lactose non-fermenters underwent PCR-based O typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, phylogenetic grouping. 25193040 2 58 theme urinary 343:349 arg1 isolates 351:358 urinary isolates 343:358 urinary isolates of E. coli 343:369 In this study, we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of lactose non-fermenters in urinary isolates of E. coli. 25193040 8 59 dep common 933:938 arg1 14/33 948:952 14/33 948:952 14/33 948:952 According to the serotype, O75 was the most common (42.4%, 14/33) and was followed by O16 (5/33), O2 (4/33), O25b (3/33), O15 (1/33), O6 (1/33), O1 (1/33). 25193040 8 59 dep common 933:938 arg1 % 945:945 42.4% 941:945 42.4% 941:945 According to the serotype, O75 was the most common (42.4%, 14/33) and was followed by O16 (5/33), O2 (4/33), O25b (3/33), O15 (1/33), O6 (1/33), O1 (1/33). 25193040 1 60 theme lactose 224:230 arg1 non-fermenters 232:245 all lactose non-fermenters 220:245 all lactose non-fermenters 220:245 Recently, serotype O75 was found to be prominent among the non-ST131 ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli, and they were all lactose non-fermenters. 25193040 5 61 theme lactose 507:513 arg1 non-fermenters 515:528 The lactose non-fermenters 503:528 The lactose non-fermenters 503:528 The lactose non-fermenters underwent PCR-based O typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, phylogenetic grouping. 25193040 14 62 theme serotype 1566:1573 arg1 isolates 1580:1587 the serotype O25b isolates 1562:1587 the serotype O25b isolates 1562:1587 All the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates showed identical triple mutations in gyrA and parC but the serotype O25b isolates had an additional mutation in parC (E84V). 25193040 7 63 theme ciprofloxacin 776:788 arg1 rate 801:804 the ciprofloxacin resistance rate 772:804 the ciprofloxacin resistance rate 772:804 Thirty-three (19.7%) isolates were lactose non-fermenters and the ciprofloxacin resistance rate was significantly higher than in lactose fermenters (66.7% vs. 31.6%, P = 0.0002). 25193040 7 63 theme ciprofloxacin 776:788 arg1 higher 824:829 higher 824:829 higher 824:829 Thirty-three (19.7%) isolates were lactose non-fermenters and the ciprofloxacin resistance rate was significantly higher than in lactose fermenters (66.7% vs. 31.6%, P = 0.0002). 25193040 0 64 theme urinary 77:83 arg1 isolates 85:92 urinary isolates 77:92 urinary isolates 77:92 Prevalence and characteristics of lactose non-fermenting Escherichia coli in urinary isolates. 25193040 4 65 theme susceptibility 433:446 arg1 tests 448:452 Antimicrobial susceptibility tests 419:452 Antimicrobial susceptibility tests 419:452 Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were determined by VITEK 2 (bioMerieux, France). 25193040 16 66 theme clonal 1754:1759 arg1 composition 1761:1771 clonal composition 1754:1771 clonal composition 1754:1771 Continuous monitoring of the prevalence and clonal composition of the lactose non-fermenters is needed. 25193040 2 67 from prevalence 283:292 arg1 isolates 351:358 urinary isolates 343:358 urinary isolates of E. coli 343:369 In this study, we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of lactose non-fermenters in urinary isolates of E. coli. 25193040 13 68 from O16-ST131 1443:1451 arg1 low 1436:1438 low 1436:1438 low 1436:1438 The ciprofloxacin resistance rate was high in isolates of O75-ST1193 and O25b-ST131 but low in O16-ST131 and O2-ST95. 25193040 6 69 theme ciprofloxacin-resistant 631:653 arg1 isolates 655:662 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates 631:662 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates 631:662 For ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, the resistance mechanisms were investigated. 29102849 6 0 dep performed 1274:1282 arg1 FLIM 1374:1377 FLIM 1374:1377 FLIM (analyzed using phasor plots) 1374:1407 Using two-photon excitation, three types of measurements were performed: Generalized Polarization (analyzed as average GP values), Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging, FLIM (analyzed using phasor plots) and Spectral imaging (analyzed using spectral phasor). 29102849 6 0 dep performed 1274:1282 arg1 Polarization 1297:1308 Generalized Polarization 1285:1308 Generalized Polarization (analyzed as average GP values) 1285:1340 Using two-photon excitation, three types of measurements were performed: Generalized Polarization (analyzed as average GP values), Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging, FLIM (analyzed using phasor plots) and Spectral imaging (analyzed using spectral phasor). 29102849 6 0 dep performed 1274:1282 arg1 Imaging 1365:1371 Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging 1343:1371 Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging 1343:1371 Using two-photon excitation, three types of measurements were performed: Generalized Polarization (analyzed as average GP values), Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging, FLIM (analyzed using phasor plots) and Spectral imaging (analyzed using spectral phasor). 29102849 6 0 dep performed 1274:1282 arg1 imaging 1422:1428 Spectral imaging 1413:1428 Spectral imaging (analyzed using spectral phasor) 1413:1461 Using two-photon excitation, three types of measurements were performed: Generalized Polarization (analyzed as average GP values), Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging, FLIM (analyzed using phasor plots) and Spectral imaging (analyzed using spectral phasor). 29102849 1 1 theme proteins 253:260 arg1 diversity 202:210 the diversity 198:210 the diversity in lipid composition 198:231 The study of surfactant and bio membranes interaction is particularly complex due to the diversity in lipid composition and the presence of proteins in natural membranes. 29102849 1 1 theme proteins 253:260 arg1 presence 241:248 the presence 237:248 the presence of proteins in natural membranes 237:281 The study of surfactant and bio membranes interaction is particularly complex due to the diversity in lipid composition and the presence of proteins in natural membranes. 29102849 1 2 theme natural 265:271 arg1 membranes 273:281 natural membranes 265:281 natural membranes 265:281 The study of surfactant and bio membranes interaction is particularly complex due to the diversity in lipid composition and the presence of proteins in natural membranes. 29102849 4 3 theme model 802:806 arg1 membrane 808:815 a model membrane 800:815 a model membrane 800:815 In this context, we used rabbit erythrocytes as a model membrane and Laurdan (6-lauroyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene) as the fluorescent probe to study changes promoted in the membrane by the interaction with the sucrose monoester of myristic acid, β-d-fructofuranosyl-6-O-myristoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MMS). 29102849 4 3 theme model 802:806 arg1 erythrocytes 784:795 rabbit erythrocytes 777:795 rabbit erythrocytes 777:795 In this context, we used rabbit erythrocytes as a model membrane and Laurdan (6-lauroyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene) as the fluorescent probe to study changes promoted in the membrane by the interaction with the sucrose monoester of myristic acid, β-d-fructofuranosyl-6-O-myristoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MMS). 29102849 9 4 theme spectral 1865:1872 arg1 analyses 1881:1888 Laurdan spectral phasor analyses 1857:1888 Laurdan spectral phasor analyses 1857:1888 Under these conditions, Laurdan spectral phasor analyses can extract the information on the water content in the membrane in the presence of hemoglobin. 29102849 3 5 theme plasma 673:678 arg1 membrane 680:687 only the plasma membrane 664:687 only the plasma membrane 664:687 One of the model system most used to study biomembranes are erythrocytes due to their relatively simple structure (they lack nuclei and organelles having only the plasma membrane), their convenient experimental manipulation and availability. 29102849 4 6 used used 772:775 arg2 we 769:770 we 769:770 we 769:770 In this context, we used rabbit erythrocytes as a model membrane and Laurdan (6-lauroyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene) as the fluorescent probe to study changes promoted in the membrane by the interaction with the sucrose monoester of myristic acid, β-d-fructofuranosyl-6-O-myristoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MMS). 29102849 1 7 from presence 241:248 arg1 composition 221:231 lipid composition 215:231 lipid composition 215:231 The study of surfactant and bio membranes interaction is particularly complex due to the diversity in lipid composition and the presence of proteins in natural membranes. 29102849 1 7 from presence 241:248 arg1 membranes 273:281 natural membranes 265:281 natural membranes 265:281 The study of surfactant and bio membranes interaction is particularly complex due to the diversity in lipid composition and the presence of proteins in natural membranes. 29102849 3 8 theme experimental 708:719 arg1 manipulation 721:732 their convenient experimental manipulation 691:732 their convenient experimental manipulation 691:732 One of the model system most used to study biomembranes are erythrocytes due to their relatively simple structure (they lack nuclei and organelles having only the plasma membrane), their convenient experimental manipulation and availability. 29102849 3 9 theme system 527:532 arg1 system 527:532 the model system 517:532 the model system most used to study biomembranes 517:564 One of the model system most used to study biomembranes are erythrocytes due to their relatively simple structure (they lack nuclei and organelles having only the plasma membrane), their convenient experimental manipulation and availability. 29102849 3 9 theme system 527:532 arg1 One 510:512 One 510:512 One 510:512 One of the model system most used to study biomembranes are erythrocytes due to their relatively simple structure (they lack nuclei and organelles having only the plasma membrane), their convenient experimental manipulation and availability. 29102849 3 9 theme system 527:532 arg1 erythrocytes 570:581 erythrocytes 570:581 erythrocytes due to their relatively simple structure (they lack nuclei and organelles having only the plasma membrane), their convenient experimental manipulation and availability 570:749 One of the model system most used to study biomembranes are erythrocytes due to their relatively simple structure (they lack nuclei and organelles having only the plasma membrane), their convenient experimental manipulation and availability. 29102849 8 10 theme Laurdan 1701:1707 arg1 lifetime 1709:1716 Laurdan lifetime 1701:1716 Laurdan lifetime 1701:1716 We also demonstrate that as hemolysis progress, Laurdan lifetime increased due to the decrease in hemoglobin (strong quencher of Laurdan emission) content inside the erythrocytes. 29102849 8 11 from decrease 1739:1746 arg1 content 1800:1806 hemoglobin (strong quencher of Laurdan emission) content 1751:1806 hemoglobin (strong quencher of Laurdan emission) content inside the erythrocytes 1751:1830 We also demonstrate that as hemolysis progress, Laurdan lifetime increased due to the decrease in hemoglobin (strong quencher of Laurdan emission) content inside the erythrocytes. 29102849 1 12 theme lipid 215:219 arg1 composition 221:231 lipid composition 215:231 lipid composition 215:231 The study of surfactant and bio membranes interaction is particularly complex due to the diversity in lipid composition and the presence of proteins in natural membranes. 29102849 7 13 theme erythrocytes 1577:1588 arg1 size 1590:1593 erythrocytes size 1577:1593 erythrocytes size 1577:1593 Our data indicate that at sublytical concentration of surfactant (20μM MMS), there is a decrease of about 35% in erythrocytes size, without changes in Laurdan lifetime or emission spectra. 29102849 6 14 theme average 1323:1329 arg1 values 1334:1339 average GP values 1323:1339 average GP values 1323:1339 Using two-photon excitation, three types of measurements were performed: Generalized Polarization (analyzed as average GP values), Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging, FLIM (analyzed using phasor plots) and Spectral imaging (analyzed using spectral phasor). 29102849 3 15 theme study 547:551 arg1 biomembranes 553:564 study biomembranes 547:564 study biomembranes 547:564 One of the model system most used to study biomembranes are erythrocytes due to their relatively simple structure (they lack nuclei and organelles having only the plasma membrane), their convenient experimental manipulation and availability. 29102849 7 16 theme % 1572:1572 arg1 decrease 1552:1559 a decrease 1550:1559 a decrease of about 35% in erythrocytes size 1550:1593 Our data indicate that at sublytical concentration of surfactant (20μM MMS), there is a decrease of about 35% in erythrocytes size, without changes in Laurdan lifetime or emission spectra. 29102849 6 17 theme two-photon 1218:1227 arg1 excitation 1229:1238 two-photon excitation 1218:1238 two-photon excitation 1218:1238 Using two-photon excitation, three types of measurements were performed: Generalized Polarization (analyzed as average GP values), Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging, FLIM (analyzed using phasor plots) and Spectral imaging (analyzed using spectral phasor). 29102849 3 18 contain having 657:662 arg2 membrane 680:687 only the plasma membrane 664:687 only the plasma membrane 664:687 One of the model system most used to study biomembranes are erythrocytes due to their relatively simple structure (they lack nuclei and organelles having only the plasma membrane), their convenient experimental manipulation and availability. 29102849 3 18 contain having 657:662 arg1 nuclei 635:640 nuclei 635:640 nuclei 635:640 One of the model system most used to study biomembranes are erythrocytes due to their relatively simple structure (they lack nuclei and organelles having only the plasma membrane), their convenient experimental manipulation and availability. 29102849 3 19 theme due 583:585 arg1 system 527:532 the model system 517:532 the model system most used to study biomembranes 517:564 One of the model system most used to study biomembranes are erythrocytes due to their relatively simple structure (they lack nuclei and organelles having only the plasma membrane), their convenient experimental manipulation and availability. 29102849 3 19 theme due 583:585 arg1 One 510:512 One 510:512 One 510:512 One of the model system most used to study biomembranes are erythrocytes due to their relatively simple structure (they lack nuclei and organelles having only the plasma membrane), their convenient experimental manipulation and availability. 29102849 3 19 theme due 583:585 arg1 erythrocytes 570:581 erythrocytes 570:581 erythrocytes due to their relatively simple structure (they lack nuclei and organelles having only the plasma membrane), their convenient experimental manipulation and availability 570:749 One of the model system most used to study biomembranes are erythrocytes due to their relatively simple structure (they lack nuclei and organelles having only the plasma membrane), their convenient experimental manipulation and availability. 29102849 8 20 theme hemoglobin 1751:1760 arg1 content 1800:1806 hemoglobin (strong quencher of Laurdan emission) content 1751:1806 hemoglobin (strong quencher of Laurdan emission) content inside the erythrocytes 1751:1830 We also demonstrate that as hemolysis progress, Laurdan lifetime increased due to the decrease in hemoglobin (strong quencher of Laurdan emission) content inside the erythrocytes. 29102849 1 21 theme membranes 145:153 arg1 study 117:121 The study 113:121 The study of surfactant and bio membranes interaction 113:165 The study of surfactant and bio membranes interaction is particularly complex due to the diversity in lipid composition and the presence of proteins in natural membranes. 29102849 1 21 theme membranes 145:153 arg1 complex 183:189 complex 183:189 complex 183:189 The study of surfactant and bio membranes interaction is particularly complex due to the diversity in lipid composition and the presence of proteins in natural membranes. 29102849 8 22 theme strong 1763:1768 arg1 quencher 1770:1777 strong quencher 1763:1777 strong quencher of Laurdan emission 1763:1797 We also demonstrate that as hemolysis progress, Laurdan lifetime increased due to the decrease in hemoglobin (strong quencher of Laurdan emission) content inside the erythrocytes. 29102849 1 23 dep surfactant 126:135 arg1 interaction 155:165 interaction 155:165 interaction 155:165 The study of surfactant and bio membranes interaction is particularly complex due to the diversity in lipid composition and the presence of proteins in natural membranes. 29102849 0 24 theme phasor 96:101 arg1 analysis 103:110 phasor analysis 96:110 phasor analysis 96:110 Study of rabbit erythrocytes membrane solubilization by sucrose monomyristate using laurdan and phasor analysis. 29102849 9 25 theme hemoglobin 1974:1983 arg1 presence 1962:1969 the presence 1958:1969 the presence of hemoglobin 1958:1983 Under these conditions, Laurdan spectral phasor analyses can extract the information on the water content in the membrane in the presence of hemoglobin. 29102849 6 26 theme Lifetime 1356:1363 arg1 Imaging 1365:1371 Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging 1343:1371 Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging 1343:1371 Using two-photon excitation, three types of measurements were performed: Generalized Polarization (analyzed as average GP values), Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging, FLIM (analyzed using phasor plots) and Spectral imaging (analyzed using spectral phasor). 29102849 8 27 theme emission 1790:1797 arg1 quencher 1770:1777 strong quencher 1763:1777 strong quencher of Laurdan emission 1763:1797 We also demonstrate that as hemolysis progress, Laurdan lifetime increased due to the decrease in hemoglobin (strong quencher of Laurdan emission) content inside the erythrocytes. 29102849 7 28 theme emission 1635:1642 arg1 spectra 1644:1650 emission spectra 1635:1650 emission spectra 1635:1650 Our data indicate that at sublytical concentration of surfactant (20μM MMS), there is a decrease of about 35% in erythrocytes size, without changes in Laurdan lifetime or emission spectra. 29102849 7 29 from changes 1604:1610 arg1 lifetime 1623:1630 Laurdan lifetime 1615:1630 Laurdan lifetime 1615:1630 Our data indicate that at sublytical concentration of surfactant (20μM MMS), there is a decrease of about 35% in erythrocytes size, without changes in Laurdan lifetime or emission spectra. 29102849 7 29 from changes 1604:1610 arg1 spectra 1644:1650 emission spectra 1635:1650 emission spectra 1635:1650 Our data indicate that at sublytical concentration of surfactant (20μM MMS), there is a decrease of about 35% in erythrocytes size, without changes in Laurdan lifetime or emission spectra. 29102849 0 30 theme rabbit 9:14 arg1 erythrocytes 16:27 rabbit erythrocytes 9:27 rabbit erythrocytes 9:27 Study of rabbit erythrocytes membrane solubilization by sucrose monomyristate using laurdan and phasor analysis. 29102849 9 31 from content 1931:1937 arg1 membrane 1946:1953 the membrane 1942:1953 the membrane 1942:1953 Under these conditions, Laurdan spectral phasor analyses can extract the information on the water content in the membrane in the presence of hemoglobin. 29102849 4 32 theme rabbit 777:782 arg1 membrane 808:815 a model membrane 800:815 a model membrane 800:815 In this context, we used rabbit erythrocytes as a model membrane and Laurdan (6-lauroyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene) as the fluorescent probe to study changes promoted in the membrane by the interaction with the sucrose monoester of myristic acid, β-d-fructofuranosyl-6-O-myristoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MMS). 29102849 4 32 theme rabbit 777:782 arg1 probe 887:891 the fluorescent probe 871:891 the fluorescent probe to study changes promoted in the membrane by the interaction with the sucrose monoester of myristic acid, β-d-fructofuranosyl-6-O-myristoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MMS) 871:1057 In this context, we used rabbit erythrocytes as a model membrane and Laurdan (6-lauroyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene) as the fluorescent probe to study changes promoted in the membrane by the interaction with the sucrose monoester of myristic acid, β-d-fructofuranosyl-6-O-myristoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MMS). 29102849 4 32 theme rabbit 777:782 arg1 erythrocytes 784:795 rabbit erythrocytes 777:795 rabbit erythrocytes 777:795 In this context, we used rabbit erythrocytes as a model membrane and Laurdan (6-lauroyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene) as the fluorescent probe to study changes promoted in the membrane by the interaction with the sucrose monoester of myristic acid, β-d-fructofuranosyl-6-O-myristoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MMS). 29102849 5 33 from changes 1152:1158 arg1 content 1169:1175 water content 1163:1175 water content in the membrane sensed by Laurdan 1163:1209 Surfactant and erythrocytes interaction was studied by measuring hemoglobin release and the changes in water content in the membrane sensed by Laurdan. 29102849 0 34 theme membrane 29:36 arg1 solubilization 38:51 membrane solubilization 29:51 membrane solubilization by sucrose monomyristate using laurdan and phasor analysis 29:110 Study of rabbit erythrocytes membrane solubilization by sucrose monomyristate using laurdan and phasor analysis. 29102849 7 35 theme surfactant 1518:1527 arg1 concentration 1501:1513 sublytical concentration 1490:1513 sublytical concentration of surfactant (20μM MMS) 1490:1538 Our data indicate that at sublytical concentration of surfactant (20μM MMS), there is a decrease of about 35% in erythrocytes size, without changes in Laurdan lifetime or emission spectra. 29102849 7 35 theme surfactant 1518:1527 arg1 MMS 1535:1537 20μM MMS 1530:1537 20μM MMS 1530:1537 Our data indicate that at sublytical concentration of surfactant (20μM MMS), there is a decrease of about 35% in erythrocytes size, without changes in Laurdan lifetime or emission spectra. 29102849 4 36 theme myristic 984:991 arg1 β-d-fructofuranosyl-6-O-myristoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside 999:1051 β-d-fructofuranosyl-6-O-myristoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside 999:1051 β-d-fructofuranosyl-6-O-myristoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MMS) 999:1057 In this context, we used rabbit erythrocytes as a model membrane and Laurdan (6-lauroyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene) as the fluorescent probe to study changes promoted in the membrane by the interaction with the sucrose monoester of myristic acid, β-d-fructofuranosyl-6-O-myristoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MMS). 29102849 4 36 theme myristic 984:991 arg1 acid 993:996 myristic acid 984:996 myristic acid 984:996 In this context, we used rabbit erythrocytes as a model membrane and Laurdan (6-lauroyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene) as the fluorescent probe to study changes promoted in the membrane by the interaction with the sucrose monoester of myristic acid, β-d-fructofuranosyl-6-O-myristoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MMS). 29102849 3 37 theme simple 607:612 arg1 structure 614:622 their relatively simple structure 590:622 their relatively simple structure (they lack nuclei and organelles having only the plasma membrane) 590:688 One of the model system most used to study biomembranes are erythrocytes due to their relatively simple structure (they lack nuclei and organelles having only the plasma membrane), their convenient experimental manipulation and availability. 29102849 6 38 dep imaging 1422:1428 arg1 analyzed 1431:1438 analyzed 1431:1438 analyzed using spectral phasor 1431:1460 Using two-photon excitation, three types of measurements were performed: Generalized Polarization (analyzed as average GP values), Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging, FLIM (analyzed using phasor plots) and Spectral imaging (analyzed using spectral phasor). 29102849 4 39 with interaction 942:952 arg1 monoester 971:979 the sucrose monoester 959:979 the sucrose monoester of myristic acid, β-d-fructofuranosyl-6-O-myristoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MMS) 959:1057 In this context, we used rabbit erythrocytes as a model membrane and Laurdan (6-lauroyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene) as the fluorescent probe to study changes promoted in the membrane by the interaction with the sucrose monoester of myristic acid, β-d-fructofuranosyl-6-O-myristoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MMS). 29102849 8 40 dep hemoglobin 1751:1760 arg1 quencher 1770:1777 strong quencher 1763:1777 strong quencher of Laurdan emission 1763:1797 We also demonstrate that as hemolysis progress, Laurdan lifetime increased due to the decrease in hemoglobin (strong quencher of Laurdan emission) content inside the erythrocytes. 29102849 3 41 dep structure 614:622 arg1 lack 630:633 lack 630:633 lack nuclei and organelles having only the plasma membrane 630:687 One of the model system most used to study biomembranes are erythrocytes due to their relatively simple structure (they lack nuclei and organelles having only the plasma membrane), their convenient experimental manipulation and availability. 29102849 5 42 from release 1136:1142 arg1 content 1169:1175 water content 1163:1175 water content in the membrane sensed by Laurdan 1163:1209 Surfactant and erythrocytes interaction was studied by measuring hemoglobin release and the changes in water content in the membrane sensed by Laurdan. 29102849 5 43 from content 1169:1175 arg1 membrane 1184:1191 the membrane 1180:1191 the membrane sensed by Laurdan 1180:1209 Surfactant and erythrocytes interaction was studied by measuring hemoglobin release and the changes in water content in the membrane sensed by Laurdan. 29102849 2 44 used used 504:507 arg2 studies 443:449 the studies 439:449 the studies in this field 439:463 Even more difficult is the study of this interaction in vivo since cellular damage may complicate the interpretation of the results, therefore for most of the studies in this field either artificial or model systems are used. 29102849 2 44 used used 504:507 arg2 most 431:434 most 431:434 most 431:434 Even more difficult is the study of this interaction in vivo since cellular damage may complicate the interpretation of the results, therefore for most of the studies in this field either artificial or model systems are used. 29102849 5 45 dep Surfactant 1060:1069 arg1 interaction 1088:1098 interaction 1088:1098 interaction 1088:1098 Surfactant and erythrocytes interaction was studied by measuring hemoglobin release and the changes in water content in the membrane sensed by Laurdan. 29102849 6 46 theme Generalized 1285:1295 arg1 Polarization 1297:1308 Generalized Polarization 1285:1308 Generalized Polarization (analyzed as average GP values) 1285:1340 Using two-photon excitation, three types of measurements were performed: Generalized Polarization (analyzed as average GP values), Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging, FLIM (analyzed using phasor plots) and Spectral imaging (analyzed using spectral phasor). 29102849 6 47 theme spectral 1446:1453 arg1 phasor 1455:1460 spectral phasor 1446:1460 spectral phasor 1446:1460 Using two-photon excitation, three types of measurements were performed: Generalized Polarization (analyzed as average GP values), Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging, FLIM (analyzed using phasor plots) and Spectral imaging (analyzed using spectral phasor). 29102849 9 48 theme Laurdan 1857:1863 arg1 analyses 1881:1888 Laurdan spectral phasor analyses 1857:1888 Laurdan spectral phasor analyses 1857:1888 Under these conditions, Laurdan spectral phasor analyses can extract the information on the water content in the membrane in the presence of hemoglobin. 29102849 10 49 theme MMS 2055:2057 arg1 presence 2043:2050 presence 2043:2050 presence of MMS 2043:2057 Our results indicate an increase in membrane fluidity in presence of MMS. 29102849 6 50 dep Polarization 1297:1308 arg1 analyzed 1311:1318 analyzed 1311:1318 analyzed as average GP values 1311:1339 Using two-photon excitation, three types of measurements were performed: Generalized Polarization (analyzed as average GP values), Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging, FLIM (analyzed using phasor plots) and Spectral imaging (analyzed using spectral phasor). 29102849 9 51 theme phasor 1874:1879 arg1 analyses 1881:1888 Laurdan spectral phasor analyses 1857:1888 Laurdan spectral phasor analyses 1857:1888 Under these conditions, Laurdan spectral phasor analyses can extract the information on the water content in the membrane in the presence of hemoglobin. 29102849 6 52 theme measurements 1256:1267 arg1 types 1247:1251 three types 1241:1251 three types of measurements 1241:1267 Using two-photon excitation, three types of measurements were performed: Generalized Polarization (analyzed as average GP values), Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging, FLIM (analyzed using phasor plots) and Spectral imaging (analyzed using spectral phasor). 29102849 7 53 from decrease 1552:1559 arg1 size 1590:1593 erythrocytes size 1577:1593 erythrocytes size 1577:1593 Our data indicate that at sublytical concentration of surfactant (20μM MMS), there is a decrease of about 35% in erythrocytes size, without changes in Laurdan lifetime or emission spectra. 29102849 6 54 theme Fluorescence 1343:1354 arg1 Imaging 1365:1371 Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging 1343:1371 Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging 1343:1371 Using two-photon excitation, three types of measurements were performed: Generalized Polarization (analyzed as average GP values), Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging, FLIM (analyzed using phasor plots) and Spectral imaging (analyzed using spectral phasor). 29102849 3 55 theme model 521:525 arg1 system 527:532 the model system 517:532 the model system most used to study biomembranes 517:564 One of the model system most used to study biomembranes are erythrocytes due to their relatively simple structure (they lack nuclei and organelles having only the plasma membrane), their convenient experimental manipulation and availability. 29102849 8 56 theme hemolysis 1681:1689 arg1 progress 1691:1698 hemolysis progress 1681:1698 hemolysis progress 1681:1698 We also demonstrate that as hemolysis progress, Laurdan lifetime increased due to the decrease in hemoglobin (strong quencher of Laurdan emission) content inside the erythrocytes. 29102849 3 57 theme convenient 697:706 arg1 manipulation 721:732 their convenient experimental manipulation 691:732 their convenient experimental manipulation 691:732 One of the model system most used to study biomembranes are erythrocytes due to their relatively simple structure (they lack nuclei and organelles having only the plasma membrane), their convenient experimental manipulation and availability. 29102849 10 58 theme membrane 2022:2029 arg1 fluidity 2031:2038 membrane fluidity 2022:2038 membrane fluidity 2022:2038 Our results indicate an increase in membrane fluidity in presence of MMS. 29102849 9 59 from information 1906:1916 arg1 content 1931:1937 the water content 1921:1937 the water content in the membrane 1921:1953 Under these conditions, Laurdan spectral phasor analyses can extract the information on the water content in the membrane in the presence of hemoglobin. 29102849 6 60 theme GP 1331:1332 arg1 values 1334:1339 average GP values 1323:1339 average GP values 1323:1339 Using two-photon excitation, three types of measurements were performed: Generalized Polarization (analyzed as average GP values), Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging, FLIM (analyzed using phasor plots) and Spectral imaging (analyzed using spectral phasor). 29102849 1 61 attach presence 241:248 arg2 proteins 253:260 proteins 253:260 proteins 253:260 The study of surfactant and bio membranes interaction is particularly complex due to the diversity in lipid composition and the presence of proteins in natural membranes. 29102849 1 61 attach presence 241:248 arg1 membranes 273:281 natural membranes 265:281 natural membranes 265:281 The study of surfactant and bio membranes interaction is particularly complex due to the diversity in lipid composition and the presence of proteins in natural membranes. 29102849 1 61 attach presence 241:248 arg1 composition 221:231 lipid composition 215:231 lipid composition 215:231 The study of surfactant and bio membranes interaction is particularly complex due to the diversity in lipid composition and the presence of proteins in natural membranes. 29102849 9 62 from extract 1894:1900 arg1 presence 1962:1969 the presence 1958:1969 the presence of hemoglobin 1958:1983 Under these conditions, Laurdan spectral phasor analyses can extract the information on the water content in the membrane in the presence of hemoglobin. 29102849 9 63 theme water 1925:1929 arg1 content 1931:1937 the water content 1921:1937 the water content in the membrane 1921:1953 Under these conditions, Laurdan spectral phasor analyses can extract the information on the water content in the membrane in the presence of hemoglobin. 29102849 1 64 from diversity 202:210 arg1 composition 221:231 lipid composition 215:231 lipid composition 215:231 The study of surfactant and bio membranes interaction is particularly complex due to the diversity in lipid composition and the presence of proteins in natural membranes. 29102849 1 64 from diversity 202:210 arg1 membranes 273:281 natural membranes 265:281 natural membranes 265:281 The study of surfactant and bio membranes interaction is particularly complex due to the diversity in lipid composition and the presence of proteins in natural membranes. 29102849 1 65 theme surfactant 126:135 arg1 study 117:121 The study 113:121 The study of surfactant and bio membranes interaction 113:165 The study of surfactant and bio membranes interaction is particularly complex due to the diversity in lipid composition and the presence of proteins in natural membranes. 29102849 1 65 theme surfactant 126:135 arg1 complex 183:189 complex 183:189 complex 183:189 The study of surfactant and bio membranes interaction is particularly complex due to the diversity in lipid composition and the presence of proteins in natural membranes. 29102849 4 66 theme fluorescent 875:885 arg1 probe 887:891 the fluorescent probe 871:891 the fluorescent probe to study changes promoted in the membrane by the interaction with the sucrose monoester of myristic acid, β-d-fructofuranosyl-6-O-myristoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MMS) 871:1057 In this context, we used rabbit erythrocytes as a model membrane and Laurdan (6-lauroyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene) as the fluorescent probe to study changes promoted in the membrane by the interaction with the sucrose monoester of myristic acid, β-d-fructofuranosyl-6-O-myristoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MMS). 29102849 4 66 theme fluorescent 875:885 arg1 erythrocytes 784:795 rabbit erythrocytes 777:795 rabbit erythrocytes 777:795 In this context, we used rabbit erythrocytes as a model membrane and Laurdan (6-lauroyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene) as the fluorescent probe to study changes promoted in the membrane by the interaction with the sucrose monoester of myristic acid, β-d-fructofuranosyl-6-O-myristoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MMS). 29102849 10 67 from increase 2010:2017 arg1 presence 2043:2050 presence 2043:2050 presence of MMS 2043:2057 Our results indicate an increase in membrane fluidity in presence of MMS. 29102849 10 67 from increase 2010:2017 arg1 fluidity 2031:2038 membrane fluidity 2022:2038 membrane fluidity 2022:2038 Our results indicate an increase in membrane fluidity in presence of MMS. 29102849 6 68 theme phasor 1395:1400 arg1 plots 1402:1406 phasor plots 1395:1406 phasor plots 1395:1406 Using two-photon excitation, three types of measurements were performed: Generalized Polarization (analyzed as average GP values), Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging, FLIM (analyzed using phasor plots) and Spectral imaging (analyzed using spectral phasor). 29102849 1 69 theme bio 141:143 arg1 membranes 145:153 bio membranes 141:153 bio membranes 141:153 The study of surfactant and bio membranes interaction is particularly complex due to the diversity in lipid composition and the presence of proteins in natural membranes. 29102849 2 70 theme artificial 472:481 arg1 systems 492:498 artificial or model systems 472:498 systems 492:498 Even more difficult is the study of this interaction in vivo since cellular damage may complicate the interpretation of the results, therefore for most of the studies in this field either artificial or model systems are used. 29102849 2 71 dep studies 443:449 arg1 either 465:470 either 465:470 either 465:470 Even more difficult is the study of this interaction in vivo since cellular damage may complicate the interpretation of the results, therefore for most of the studies in this field either artificial or model systems are used. 29102849 6 72 dep FLIM 1374:1377 arg1 analyzed 1380:1387 analyzed 1380:1387 analyzed using phasor plots 1380:1406 Using two-photon excitation, three types of measurements were performed: Generalized Polarization (analyzed as average GP values), Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging, FLIM (analyzed using phasor plots) and Spectral imaging (analyzed using spectral phasor). 29102849 2 73 from studies 443:449 arg1 field 459:463 this field 454:463 this field 454:463 Even more difficult is the study of this interaction in vivo since cellular damage may complicate the interpretation of the results, therefore for most of the studies in this field either artificial or model systems are used. 29102849 2 74 theme model 486:490 arg1 systems 492:498 artificial or model systems 472:498 systems 492:498 Even more difficult is the study of this interaction in vivo since cellular damage may complicate the interpretation of the results, therefore for most of the studies in this field either artificial or model systems are used. 29102849 5 75 theme hemoglobin 1125:1134 arg1 release 1136:1142 hemoglobin release 1125:1142 hemoglobin release 1125:1142 Surfactant and erythrocytes interaction was studied by measuring hemoglobin release and the changes in water content in the membrane sensed by Laurdan. 29102849 8 76 theme Laurdan 1782:1788 arg1 emission 1790:1797 Laurdan emission 1782:1797 Laurdan emission 1782:1797 We also demonstrate that as hemolysis progress, Laurdan lifetime increased due to the decrease in hemoglobin (strong quencher of Laurdan emission) content inside the erythrocytes. 29102849 4 77 theme acid 993:996 arg1 monoester 971:979 the sucrose monoester 959:979 the sucrose monoester of myristic acid, β-d-fructofuranosyl-6-O-myristoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MMS) 959:1057 In this context, we used rabbit erythrocytes as a model membrane and Laurdan (6-lauroyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene) as the fluorescent probe to study changes promoted in the membrane by the interaction with the sucrose monoester of myristic acid, β-d-fructofuranosyl-6-O-myristoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MMS). 29102849 0 78 theme erythrocytes 16:27 arg1 Study 0:4 Study 0:4 Study of rabbit erythrocytes 0:27 Study of rabbit erythrocytes membrane solubilization by sucrose monomyristate using laurdan and phasor analysis. 29102849 2 79 theme results 408:414 arg1 interpretation 386:399 the interpretation 382:399 the interpretation of the results 382:414 Even more difficult is the study of this interaction in vivo since cellular damage may complicate the interpretation of the results, therefore for most of the studies in this field either artificial or model systems are used. 29102849 6 80 theme Spectral 1413:1420 arg1 imaging 1422:1428 Spectral imaging 1413:1428 Spectral imaging (analyzed using spectral phasor) 1413:1461 Using two-photon excitation, three types of measurements were performed: Generalized Polarization (analyzed as average GP values), Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging, FLIM (analyzed using phasor plots) and Spectral imaging (analyzed using spectral phasor). 29102849 7 81 theme Laurdan 1615:1621 arg1 lifetime 1623:1630 Laurdan lifetime 1615:1630 Laurdan lifetime 1615:1630 Our data indicate that at sublytical concentration of surfactant (20μM MMS), there is a decrease of about 35% in erythrocytes size, without changes in Laurdan lifetime or emission spectra. 29102849 4 82 theme sucrose 963:969 arg1 monoester 971:979 the sucrose monoester 959:979 the sucrose monoester of myristic acid, β-d-fructofuranosyl-6-O-myristoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MMS) 959:1057 In this context, we used rabbit erythrocytes as a model membrane and Laurdan (6-lauroyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene) as the fluorescent probe to study changes promoted in the membrane by the interaction with the sucrose monoester of myristic acid, β-d-fructofuranosyl-6-O-myristoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MMS). 29102849 0 83 theme sucrose 56:62 arg1 monomyristate 64:76 sucrose monomyristate 56:76 sucrose monomyristate 56:76 Study of rabbit erythrocytes membrane solubilization by sucrose monomyristate using laurdan and phasor analysis. 29102849 5 84 theme water 1163:1167 arg1 content 1169:1175 water content 1163:1175 water content in the membrane sensed by Laurdan 1163:1209 Surfactant and erythrocytes interaction was studied by measuring hemoglobin release and the changes in water content in the membrane sensed by Laurdan. 29102849 0 85 dep solubilization 38:51 arg1 Study 0:4 Study 0:4 Study of rabbit erythrocytes 0:27 Study of rabbit erythrocytes membrane solubilization by sucrose monomyristate using laurdan and phasor analysis. 29102849 2 86 theme interaction 325:335 arg1 study 311:315 the study 307:315 the study of this interaction 307:335 Even more difficult is the study of this interaction in vivo since cellular damage may complicate the interpretation of the results, therefore for most of the studies in this field either artificial or model systems are used. 29102849 7 87 theme sublytical 1490:1499 arg1 concentration 1501:1513 sublytical concentration 1490:1513 sublytical concentration of surfactant (20μM MMS) 1490:1538 Our data indicate that at sublytical concentration of surfactant (20μM MMS), there is a decrease of about 35% in erythrocytes size, without changes in Laurdan lifetime or emission spectra. 29102849 7 87 theme sublytical 1490:1499 arg1 MMS 1535:1537 20μM MMS 1530:1537 20μM MMS 1530:1537 Our data indicate that at sublytical concentration of surfactant (20μM MMS), there is a decrease of about 35% in erythrocytes size, without changes in Laurdan lifetime or emission spectra. 29102849 2 88 theme cellular 351:358 arg1 damage 360:365 cellular damage 351:365 cellular damage 351:365 Even more difficult is the study of this interaction in vivo since cellular damage may complicate the interpretation of the results, therefore for most of the studies in this field either artificial or model systems are used. 28209899 0 0 theme wall 89:92 arg1 synthesis 94:102 septal cell wall synthesis 77:102 septal cell wall synthesis 77:102 GTPase activity-coupled treadmilling of the bacterial tubulin FtsZ organizes septal cell wall synthesis. 28209899 5 1 theme septal 792:797 arg1 wall 804:807 the septal cell wall 788:807 the septal cell wall 788:807 In FtsZ mutants with severely reduced treadmilling, the spatial distribution of septal synthesis and the molecular composition and ultrastructure of the septal cell wall were substantially altered. 28209899 3 2 dep Escherichia 365:375 arg1 coli 377:380 coli 377:380 coli 377:380 We found that in Escherichia coli cells, FtsZ exhibits dynamic treadmilling predominantly determined by its guanosine triphosphatase activity. 28209899 6 3 theme cell 911:914 arg1 synthesis 921:929 uniform septal cell wall synthesis 896:929 uniform septal cell wall synthesis 896:929 Thus, FtsZ treadmilling provides a mechanism for achieving uniform septal cell wall synthesis to enable correct polar morphology. 28209899 1 4 theme cell 245:248 arg1 synthesis 255:263 septal cell wall synthesis to ensure successful constriction 238:297 septal cell wall synthesis to ensure successful constriction 238:297 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ is the central component of the cell division machinery, coordinating an ensemble of proteins involved in septal cell wall synthesis to ensure successful constriction. 28209899 0 5 theme cell 84:87 arg1 synthesis 94:102 septal cell wall synthesis 77:102 septal cell wall synthesis 77:102 GTPase activity-coupled treadmilling of the bacterial tubulin FtsZ organizes septal cell wall synthesis. 28209899 5 6 theme wall 804:807 arg1 distribution 703:714 the spatial distribution 691:714 the spatial distribution of septal synthesis 691:734 In FtsZ mutants with severely reduced treadmilling, the spatial distribution of septal synthesis and the molecular composition and ultrastructure of the septal cell wall were substantially altered. 28209899 5 6 theme wall 804:807 arg1 ultrastructure 770:783 ultrastructure 770:783 ultrastructure 770:783 In FtsZ mutants with severely reduced treadmilling, the spatial distribution of septal synthesis and the molecular composition and ultrastructure of the septal cell wall were substantially altered. 28209899 5 6 theme wall 804:807 arg1 composition 754:764 molecular composition 744:764 molecular composition 744:764 In FtsZ mutants with severely reduced treadmilling, the spatial distribution of septal synthesis and the molecular composition and ultrastructure of the septal cell wall were substantially altered. 28209899 5 7 theme reduced 669:675 arg1 treadmilling 677:688 severely reduced treadmilling 660:688 severely reduced treadmilling 660:688 In FtsZ mutants with severely reduced treadmilling, the spatial distribution of septal synthesis and the molecular composition and ultrastructure of the septal cell wall were substantially altered. 28209899 6 8 theme FtsZ 843:846 arg1 treadmilling 848:859 FtsZ treadmilling 843:859 FtsZ treadmilling 843:859 Thus, FtsZ treadmilling provides a mechanism for achieving uniform septal cell wall synthesis to enable correct polar morphology. 28209899 1 9 theme wall 250:253 arg1 synthesis 255:263 septal cell wall synthesis to ensure successful constriction 238:297 septal cell wall synthesis to ensure successful constriction 238:297 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ is the central component of the cell division machinery, coordinating an ensemble of proteins involved in septal cell wall synthesis to ensure successful constriction. 28209899 5 10 theme molecular 744:752 arg1 composition 754:764 molecular composition 744:764 molecular composition 744:764 In FtsZ mutants with severely reduced treadmilling, the spatial distribution of septal synthesis and the molecular composition and ultrastructure of the septal cell wall were substantially altered. 28209899 4 11 theme treadmilling 495:506 arg1 dynamics 508:515 The treadmilling dynamics 491:515 The treadmilling dynamics 491:515 The treadmilling dynamics direct the processive movement of the septal cell wall synthesis machinery but do not limit the rate of septal synthesis. 28209899 5 12 with mutants 647:653 arg1 treadmilling 677:688 severely reduced treadmilling 660:688 severely reduced treadmilling 660:688 In FtsZ mutants with severely reduced treadmilling, the spatial distribution of septal synthesis and the molecular composition and ultrastructure of the septal cell wall were substantially altered. 28209899 1 13 theme cell 164:167 arg1 machinery 178:186 the cell division machinery 160:186 the cell division machinery 160:186 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ is the central component of the cell division machinery, coordinating an ensemble of proteins involved in septal cell wall synthesis to ensure successful constriction. 28209899 6 14 theme wall 916:919 arg1 synthesis 921:929 uniform septal cell wall synthesis 896:929 uniform septal cell wall synthesis 896:929 Thus, FtsZ treadmilling provides a mechanism for achieving uniform septal cell wall synthesis to enable correct polar morphology. 28209899 3 15 theme dynamic 403:409 arg1 treadmilling 411:422 dynamic treadmilling 403:422 dynamic treadmilling predominantly determined by its guanosine triphosphatase activity 403:488 We found that in Escherichia coli cells, FtsZ exhibits dynamic treadmilling predominantly determined by its guanosine triphosphatase activity. 28209899 1 16 theme division 169:176 arg1 machinery 178:186 the cell division machinery 160:186 the cell division machinery 160:186 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ is the central component of the cell division machinery, coordinating an ensemble of proteins involved in septal cell wall synthesis to ensure successful constriction. 28209899 0 17 theme activity-coupled 7:22 arg1 treadmilling 24:35 GTPase activity-coupled treadmilling 0:35 GTPase activity-coupled treadmilling of the bacterial tubulin FtsZ 0:65 GTPase activity-coupled treadmilling of the bacterial tubulin FtsZ organizes septal cell wall synthesis. 28209899 5 18 theme cell 799:802 arg1 wall 804:807 the septal cell wall 788:807 the septal cell wall 788:807 In FtsZ mutants with severely reduced treadmilling, the spatial distribution of septal synthesis and the molecular composition and ultrastructure of the septal cell wall were substantially altered. 28209899 1 19 theme machinery 178:186 arg1 component 147:155 the central component 135:155 the central component of the cell division machinery 135:186 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ is the central component of the cell division machinery, coordinating an ensemble of proteins involved in septal cell wall synthesis to ensure successful constriction. 28209899 1 19 theme machinery 178:186 arg1 FtsZ 127:130 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ 105:130 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ 105:130 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ is the central component of the cell division machinery, coordinating an ensemble of proteins involved in septal cell wall synthesis to ensure successful constriction. 28209899 0 20 theme GTPase 0:5 arg1 treadmilling 24:35 GTPase activity-coupled treadmilling 0:35 GTPase activity-coupled treadmilling of the bacterial tubulin FtsZ 0:65 GTPase activity-coupled treadmilling of the bacterial tubulin FtsZ organizes septal cell wall synthesis. 28209899 4 21 theme machinery 582:590 arg1 movement 539:546 the processive movement 524:546 the processive movement of the septal cell wall synthesis machinery 524:590 The treadmilling dynamics direct the processive movement of the septal cell wall synthesis machinery but do not limit the rate of septal synthesis. 28209899 3 22 theme Escherichia 365:375 arg1 cells 382:386 Escherichia coli cells 365:386 Escherichia coli cells 365:386 We found that in Escherichia coli cells, FtsZ exhibits dynamic treadmilling predominantly determined by its guanosine triphosphatase activity. 28209899 1 23 theme successful 275:284 arg1 constriction 286:297 successful constriction 275:297 successful constriction 275:297 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ is the central component of the cell division machinery, coordinating an ensemble of proteins involved in septal cell wall synthesis to ensure successful constriction. 28209899 5 24 theme septal 719:724 arg1 synthesis 726:734 septal synthesis 719:734 septal synthesis 719:734 In FtsZ mutants with severely reduced treadmilling, the spatial distribution of septal synthesis and the molecular composition and ultrastructure of the septal cell wall were substantially altered. 28209899 5 25 theme synthesis 726:734 arg1 distribution 703:714 the spatial distribution 691:714 the spatial distribution of septal synthesis 691:734 In FtsZ mutants with severely reduced treadmilling, the spatial distribution of septal synthesis and the molecular composition and ultrastructure of the septal cell wall were substantially altered. 28209899 5 25 theme synthesis 726:734 arg1 ultrastructure 770:783 ultrastructure 770:783 ultrastructure 770:783 In FtsZ mutants with severely reduced treadmilling, the spatial distribution of septal synthesis and the molecular composition and ultrastructure of the septal cell wall were substantially altered. 28209899 5 25 theme synthesis 726:734 arg1 composition 754:764 molecular composition 744:764 molecular composition 744:764 In FtsZ mutants with severely reduced treadmilling, the spatial distribution of septal synthesis and the molecular composition and ultrastructure of the septal cell wall were substantially altered. 28209899 6 26 theme septal 904:909 arg1 synthesis 921:929 uniform septal cell wall synthesis 896:929 uniform septal cell wall synthesis 896:929 Thus, FtsZ treadmilling provides a mechanism for achieving uniform septal cell wall synthesis to enable correct polar morphology. 28209899 1 27 theme bacterial 109:117 arg1 component 147:155 the central component 135:155 the central component of the cell division machinery 135:186 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ is the central component of the cell division machinery, coordinating an ensemble of proteins involved in septal cell wall synthesis to ensure successful constriction. 28209899 1 27 theme bacterial 109:117 arg1 FtsZ 127:130 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ 105:130 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ 105:130 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ is the central component of the cell division machinery, coordinating an ensemble of proteins involved in septal cell wall synthesis to ensure successful constriction. 28209899 6 28 theme polar 949:953 arg1 morphology 955:964 correct polar morphology 941:964 correct polar morphology 941:964 Thus, FtsZ treadmilling provides a mechanism for achieving uniform septal cell wall synthesis to enable correct polar morphology. 28209899 0 29 theme bacterial 44:52 arg1 FtsZ 62:65 the bacterial tubulin FtsZ 40:65 the bacterial tubulin FtsZ 40:65 GTPase activity-coupled treadmilling of the bacterial tubulin FtsZ organizes septal cell wall synthesis. 28209899 6 30 theme uniform 896:902 arg1 synthesis 921:929 uniform septal cell wall synthesis 896:929 uniform septal cell wall synthesis 896:929 Thus, FtsZ treadmilling provides a mechanism for achieving uniform septal cell wall synthesis to enable correct polar morphology. 28209899 3 31 theme guanosine 456:464 arg1 activity 481:488 its guanosine triphosphatase activity 452:488 its guanosine triphosphatase activity 452:488 We found that in Escherichia coli cells, FtsZ exhibits dynamic treadmilling predominantly determined by its guanosine triphosphatase activity. 28209899 4 32 theme septal 555:560 arg1 machinery 582:590 the septal cell wall synthesis machinery 551:590 the septal cell wall synthesis machinery 551:590 The treadmilling dynamics direct the processive movement of the septal cell wall synthesis machinery but do not limit the rate of septal synthesis. 28209899 3 33 theme triphosphatase 466:479 arg1 activity 481:488 its guanosine triphosphatase activity 452:488 its guanosine triphosphatase activity 452:488 We found that in Escherichia coli cells, FtsZ exhibits dynamic treadmilling predominantly determined by its guanosine triphosphatase activity. 28209899 0 34 theme FtsZ 62:65 arg1 treadmilling 24:35 GTPase activity-coupled treadmilling 0:35 GTPase activity-coupled treadmilling of the bacterial tubulin FtsZ 0:65 GTPase activity-coupled treadmilling of the bacterial tubulin FtsZ organizes septal cell wall synthesis. 28209899 4 35 theme synthesis 572:580 arg1 machinery 582:590 the septal cell wall synthesis machinery 551:590 the septal cell wall synthesis machinery 551:590 The treadmilling dynamics direct the processive movement of the septal cell wall synthesis machinery but do not limit the rate of septal synthesis. 28209899 1 36 theme tubulin 119:125 arg1 component 147:155 the central component 135:155 the central component of the cell division machinery 135:186 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ is the central component of the cell division machinery, coordinating an ensemble of proteins involved in septal cell wall synthesis to ensure successful constriction. 28209899 1 36 theme tubulin 119:125 arg1 FtsZ 127:130 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ 105:130 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ 105:130 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ is the central component of the cell division machinery, coordinating an ensemble of proteins involved in septal cell wall synthesis to ensure successful constriction. 28209899 0 37 theme tubulin 54:60 arg1 FtsZ 62:65 the bacterial tubulin FtsZ 40:65 the bacterial tubulin FtsZ 40:65 GTPase activity-coupled treadmilling of the bacterial tubulin FtsZ organizes septal cell wall synthesis. 28209899 4 38 theme wall 567:570 arg1 machinery 582:590 the septal cell wall synthesis machinery 551:590 the septal cell wall synthesis machinery 551:590 The treadmilling dynamics direct the processive movement of the septal cell wall synthesis machinery but do not limit the rate of septal synthesis. 28209899 5 39 theme spatial 695:701 arg1 distribution 703:714 the spatial distribution 691:714 the spatial distribution of septal synthesis 691:734 In FtsZ mutants with severely reduced treadmilling, the spatial distribution of septal synthesis and the molecular composition and ultrastructure of the septal cell wall were substantially altered. 28209899 6 40 theme correct 941:947 arg1 morphology 955:964 correct polar morphology 941:964 correct polar morphology 941:964 Thus, FtsZ treadmilling provides a mechanism for achieving uniform septal cell wall synthesis to enable correct polar morphology. 28209899 5 41 theme FtsZ 642:645 arg1 mutants 647:653 FtsZ mutants 642:653 FtsZ mutants with severely reduced treadmilling 642:688 In FtsZ mutants with severely reduced treadmilling, the spatial distribution of septal synthesis and the molecular composition and ultrastructure of the septal cell wall were substantially altered. 28209899 4 42 theme cell 562:565 arg1 machinery 582:590 the septal cell wall synthesis machinery 551:590 the septal cell wall synthesis machinery 551:590 The treadmilling dynamics direct the processive movement of the septal cell wall synthesis machinery but do not limit the rate of septal synthesis. 28209899 1 43 theme proteins 217:224 arg1 ensemble 205:212 an ensemble 202:212 an ensemble of proteins involved in septal cell wall synthesis to ensure successful constriction 202:297 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ is the central component of the cell division machinery, coordinating an ensemble of proteins involved in septal cell wall synthesis to ensure successful constriction. 28209899 5 44 dep composition 754:764 arg1 the 740:742 the 740:742 the 740:742 In FtsZ mutants with severely reduced treadmilling, the spatial distribution of septal synthesis and the molecular composition and ultrastructure of the septal cell wall were substantially altered. 28209899 0 45 theme septal 77:82 arg1 synthesis 94:102 septal cell wall synthesis 77:102 septal cell wall synthesis 77:102 GTPase activity-coupled treadmilling of the bacterial tubulin FtsZ organizes septal cell wall synthesis. 28209899 1 46 theme central 139:145 arg1 component 147:155 the central component 135:155 the central component of the cell division machinery 135:186 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ is the central component of the cell division machinery, coordinating an ensemble of proteins involved in septal cell wall synthesis to ensure successful constriction. 28209899 1 46 theme central 139:145 arg1 FtsZ 127:130 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ 105:130 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ 105:130 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ is the central component of the cell division machinery, coordinating an ensemble of proteins involved in septal cell wall synthesis to ensure successful constriction. 28209899 4 47 theme processive 528:537 arg1 movement 539:546 the processive movement 524:546 the processive movement of the septal cell wall synthesis machinery 524:590 The treadmilling dynamics direct the processive movement of the septal cell wall synthesis machinery but do not limit the rate of septal synthesis. 28209899 4 48 theme synthesis 628:636 arg1 rate 613:616 the rate 609:616 the rate of septal synthesis 609:636 The treadmilling dynamics direct the processive movement of the septal cell wall synthesis machinery but do not limit the rate of septal synthesis. 28209899 4 49 theme septal 621:626 arg1 synthesis 628:636 septal synthesis 621:636 septal synthesis 621:636 The treadmilling dynamics direct the processive movement of the septal cell wall synthesis machinery but do not limit the rate of septal synthesis. 28209899 1 50 theme septal 238:243 arg1 synthesis 255:263 septal cell wall synthesis to ensure successful constriction 238:297 septal cell wall synthesis to ensure successful constriction 238:297 The bacterial tubulin FtsZ is the central component of the cell division machinery, coordinating an ensemble of proteins involved in septal cell wall synthesis to ensure successful constriction. 27567245 7 0 theme LFD 1149:1151 arg1 mice 1153:1156 LFD mice 1149:1156 LFD mice 1149:1156 We further analyzed the effects of HFD and DSS treatment on mucosal DC subsets, and found that DSS treatment in LFD mice mainly dramatically increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs in lamina propria (LP). 27567245 9 1 theme reduced 1541:1547 arg1 levels 1549:1554 the reduced levels 1537:1554 the reduced levels of buytrate and retinoic acid 1537:1584 This disequilibrium of mucosal dendritic cells in HFD/DSS mice may depend on the reduced levels of buytrate and retinoic acid. 27567245 10 2 theme HFD 1628:1630 arg1 effects 1617:1623 the effects 1613:1623 the effects of HFD on gut microenviroment 1613:1653 Thus, this study declared the effects of HFD on gut microenviroment, and further indicated its potential role in the development of DSS induced colitis. 27567245 2 3 from change 332:337 arg1 flora 386:390 commensal flora 376:390 commensal flora 376:390 Moreover, accumulated data indicated that fat dietary factor might promote the change of the composition and metabolism in commensal flora. 27567245 2 4 theme accumulated 263:273 arg1 data 275:278 accumulated data 263:278 accumulated data 263:278 Moreover, accumulated data indicated that fat dietary factor might promote the change of the composition and metabolism in commensal flora. 27567245 5 5 theme inflammatory 777:788 arg1 cells 790:794 more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells 758:794 more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells 758:794 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 9 6 theme acid 1581:1584 arg1 levels 1549:1554 the reduced levels 1537:1554 the reduced levels of buytrate and retinoic acid 1537:1584 This disequilibrium of mucosal dendritic cells in HFD/DSS mice may depend on the reduced levels of buytrate and retinoic acid. 27567245 4 7 theme dextran 592:598 arg1 DSS 616:618 DSS 616:618 DSS 616:618 In this study, we found that high fat diet (HFD) promoted inflammation and exacerbated the disease severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in mice. 27567245 4 7 theme dextran 592:598 arg1 sodium 608:613 dextran sulfate sodium 592:613 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) 592:619 In this study, we found that high fat diet (HFD) promoted inflammation and exacerbated the disease severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in mice. 27567245 2 8 theme fat 295:297 arg1 factor 307:312 fat dietary factor 295:312 fat dietary factor 295:312 Moreover, accumulated data indicated that fat dietary factor might promote the change of the composition and metabolism in commensal flora. 27567245 8 9 theme DCs 1351:1353 arg1 percentage 1318:1327 the percentage 1314:1327 the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs 1314:1353 While, in HFD/DSS mice, HFD pre-treatment not only increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs, but also decreased CD11c+CD103+CD11b+ in both LP and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) in mice with colitis. 27567245 4 10 theme sodium 608:613 arg1 severity 580:587 the disease severity 568:587 the disease severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) 568:619 In this study, we found that high fat diet (HFD) promoted inflammation and exacerbated the disease severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in mice. 27567245 5 11 theme fat 664:666 arg1 LFD 674:676 LFD 674:676 LFD 674:676 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 5 11 theme fat 664:666 arg1 diet 668:671 low fat diet 660:671 low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice 660:686 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 5 12 theme Gr-1+ 763:767 arg1 cells 790:794 more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells 758:794 more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells 758:794 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 6 13 theme such 868:871 arg1 HFD 873:875 such HFD 868:875 such HFD 868:875 Interestingly, such HFD mediated inflammation accompanied with the dys-regulation of hematopoiesis, and more hematopoiesis stem and progenitor cells were detected in colon and spleen. 27567245 5 14 theme HFD/DSS 836:842 arg1 cohorts 844:850 HFD/DSS cohorts 836:850 HFD/DSS cohorts 836:850 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 9 15 from disequilibrium 1465:1478 arg1 mice 1518:1521 HFD/DSS mice 1510:1521 HFD/DSS mice 1510:1521 This disequilibrium of mucosal dendritic cells in HFD/DSS mice may depend on the reduced levels of buytrate and retinoic acid. 27567245 6 16 theme more 957:960 arg1 stem 976:979 more hematopoiesis stem and progenitor cells 957:1000 stem 976:979 Interestingly, such HFD mediated inflammation accompanied with the dys-regulation of hematopoiesis, and more hematopoiesis stem and progenitor cells were detected in colon and spleen. 27567245 8 17 from LP 1402:1403 arg1 mice 1441:1444 mice 1441:1444 mice with colitis 1441:1457 While, in HFD/DSS mice, HFD pre-treatment not only increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs, but also decreased CD11c+CD103+CD11b+ in both LP and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) in mice with colitis. 27567245 5 18 theme shorter 689:695 arg1 mice 683:686 low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice 660:686 low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice 660:686 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 5 18 theme shorter 689:695 arg1 length 703:708 shorter colon length 689:708 shorter colon length 689:708 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 1 19 theme western 169:175 arg1 diet 177:180 fat rich western diet 160:180 fat rich western diet 160:180 Epidemiological studies have shown that fat rich western diet contributes to the high incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27567245 8 20 theme mesenteric 1409:1418 arg1 MLN 1433:1435 MLN 1433:1435 MLN 1433:1435 While, in HFD/DSS mice, HFD pre-treatment not only increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs, but also decreased CD11c+CD103+CD11b+ in both LP and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) in mice with colitis. 27567245 8 20 theme mesenteric 1409:1418 arg1 nodes 1426:1430 mesenteric lymph nodes 1409:1430 mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) in mice with colitis 1409:1457 While, in HFD/DSS mice, HFD pre-treatment not only increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs, but also decreased CD11c+CD103+CD11b+ in both LP and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) in mice with colitis. 27567245 2 21 dep composition 346:356 arg1 the 342:344 the 342:344 the 342:344 Moreover, accumulated data indicated that fat dietary factor might promote the change of the composition and metabolism in commensal flora. 27567245 0 22 theme dendritic 92:100 arg1 homeostasis 107:117 mucosal dendritic cell homeostasis 84:117 mucosal dendritic cell homeostasis 84:117 High fat diet exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis through disturbing mucosal dendritic cell homeostasis. 27567245 6 23 theme progenitor 985:994 arg1 cells 996:1000 more hematopoiesis stem and progenitor cells 957:1000 cells 996:1000 Interestingly, such HFD mediated inflammation accompanied with the dys-regulation of hematopoiesis, and more hematopoiesis stem and progenitor cells were detected in colon and spleen. 27567245 3 24 theme fatty 423:427 arg1 diet 429:432 fatty diet 423:432 fatty diet 423:432 But, the exact mechanisms for fatty diet in gut inflammation are not well demonstrated. 27567245 4 25 dep diet 519:522 arg1 promoted 530:537 promoted 530:537 promoted inflammation 530:550 In this study, we found that high fat diet (HFD) promoted inflammation and exacerbated the disease severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in mice. 27567245 4 25 dep diet 519:522 arg1 exacerbated 556:566 exacerbated 556:566 exacerbated 556:566 In this study, we found that high fat diet (HFD) promoted inflammation and exacerbated the disease severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in mice. 27567245 0 26 theme sulfate 34:40 arg1 sodium 42:47 dextran sulfate sodium 26:47 dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis 26:63 High fat diet exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis through disturbing mucosal dendritic cell homeostasis. 27567245 6 27 located detected 1007:1014 arg2 stem 976:979 more hematopoiesis stem and progenitor cells 957:1000 stem 976:979 Interestingly, such HFD mediated inflammation accompanied with the dys-regulation of hematopoiesis, and more hematopoiesis stem and progenitor cells were detected in colon and spleen. 27567245 6 27 located detected 1007:1014 arg2 cells 996:1000 more hematopoiesis stem and progenitor cells 957:1000 cells 996:1000 Interestingly, such HFD mediated inflammation accompanied with the dys-regulation of hematopoiesis, and more hematopoiesis stem and progenitor cells were detected in colon and spleen. 27567245 6 27 located detected 1007:1014 arg1 spleen 1029:1034 spleen 1029:1034 spleen 1029:1034 Interestingly, such HFD mediated inflammation accompanied with the dys-regulation of hematopoiesis, and more hematopoiesis stem and progenitor cells were detected in colon and spleen. 27567245 6 27 located detected 1007:1014 arg1 colon 1019:1023 colon 1019:1023 colon 1019:1023 Interestingly, such HFD mediated inflammation accompanied with the dys-regulation of hematopoiesis, and more hematopoiesis stem and progenitor cells were detected in colon and spleen. 27567245 2 28 theme commensal 376:384 arg1 flora 386:390 commensal flora 376:390 commensal flora 376:390 Moreover, accumulated data indicated that fat dietary factor might promote the change of the composition and metabolism in commensal flora. 27567245 0 29 theme High 0:3 arg1 diet 9:12 High fat diet 0:12 High fat diet 0:12 High fat diet exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis through disturbing mucosal dendritic cell homeostasis. 27567245 9 30 from cells 1501:1505 arg1 mice 1518:1521 HFD/DSS mice 1510:1521 HFD/DSS mice 1510:1521 This disequilibrium of mucosal dendritic cells in HFD/DSS mice may depend on the reduced levels of buytrate and retinoic acid. 27567245 10 31 theme induced 1723:1729 arg1 colitis 1731:1737 DSS induced colitis 1719:1737 DSS induced colitis 1719:1737 Thus, this study declared the effects of HFD on gut microenviroment, and further indicated its potential role in the development of DSS induced colitis. 27567245 4 32 theme fat 515:517 arg1 diet 519:522 high fat diet 510:522 high fat diet (HFD) promoted inflammation and exacerbated the disease severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) 510:619 In this study, we found that high fat diet (HFD) promoted inflammation and exacerbated the disease severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in mice. 27567245 4 32 theme fat 515:517 arg1 HFD 525:527 HFD 525:527 HFD 525:527 In this study, we found that high fat diet (HFD) promoted inflammation and exacerbated the disease severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in mice. 27567245 8 33 theme HFD 1277:1279 arg1 pre-treatment 1281:1293 HFD pre-treatment 1277:1293 HFD pre-treatment 1277:1293 While, in HFD/DSS mice, HFD pre-treatment not only increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs, but also decreased CD11c+CD103+CD11b+ in both LP and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) in mice with colitis. 27567245 5 34 theme crypt 736:740 arg1 mice 683:686 low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice 660:686 low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice 660:686 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 5 34 theme crypt 736:740 arg1 destruction 742:752 crypt destruction 736:752 crypt destruction 736:752 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 7 35 theme lamina 1232:1237 arg1 LP 1248:1249 LP 1248:1249 LP 1248:1249 We further analyzed the effects of HFD and DSS treatment on mucosal DC subsets, and found that DSS treatment in LFD mice mainly dramatically increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs in lamina propria (LP). 27567245 7 35 theme lamina 1232:1237 arg1 propria 1239:1245 lamina propria 1232:1245 lamina propria (LP) 1232:1250 We further analyzed the effects of HFD and DSS treatment on mucosal DC subsets, and found that DSS treatment in LFD mice mainly dramatically increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs in lamina propria (LP). 27567245 7 36 theme DC 1105:1106 arg1 subsets 1108:1114 mucosal DC subsets 1097:1114 mucosal DC subsets 1097:1114 We further analyzed the effects of HFD and DSS treatment on mucosal DC subsets, and found that DSS treatment in LFD mice mainly dramatically increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs in lamina propria (LP). 27567245 7 37 theme DSS 1080:1082 arg1 treatment 1084:1092 DSS treatment 1080:1092 DSS treatment 1080:1092 We further analyzed the effects of HFD and DSS treatment on mucosal DC subsets, and found that DSS treatment in LFD mice mainly dramatically increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs in lamina propria (LP). 27567245 0 38 theme dextran 26:32 arg1 sodium 42:47 dextran sulfate sodium 26:47 dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis 26:63 High fat diet exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis through disturbing mucosal dendritic cell homeostasis. 27567245 9 39 theme dendritic 1491:1499 arg1 cells 1501:1505 mucosal dendritic cells 1483:1505 mucosal dendritic cells in HFD/DSS mice 1483:1521 This disequilibrium of mucosal dendritic cells in HFD/DSS mice may depend on the reduced levels of buytrate and retinoic acid. 27567245 7 40 theme DCs 1225:1227 arg1 percentage 1192:1201 the percentage 1188:1201 the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs 1188:1227 We further analyzed the effects of HFD and DSS treatment on mucosal DC subsets, and found that DSS treatment in LFD mice mainly dramatically increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs in lamina propria (LP). 27567245 8 41 from nodes 1426:1430 arg1 mice 1441:1444 mice 1441:1444 mice with colitis 1441:1457 While, in HFD/DSS mice, HFD pre-treatment not only increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs, but also decreased CD11c+CD103+CD11b+ in both LP and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) in mice with colitis. 27567245 7 42 from effects 1061:1067 arg1 subsets 1108:1114 mucosal DC subsets 1097:1114 mucosal DC subsets 1097:1114 We further analyzed the effects of HFD and DSS treatment on mucosal DC subsets, and found that DSS treatment in LFD mice mainly dramatically increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs in lamina propria (LP). 27567245 1 43 theme bowel 232:236 arg1 IBD 247:249 IBD 247:249 IBD 247:249 Epidemiological studies have shown that fat rich western diet contributes to the high incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27567245 1 43 theme bowel 232:236 arg1 disease 238:244 inflammatory bowel disease 219:244 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 219:250 Epidemiological studies have shown that fat rich western diet contributes to the high incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27567245 8 44 theme CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ 1332:1349 arg1 DCs 1351:1353 CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs 1332:1353 CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs 1332:1353 While, in HFD/DSS mice, HFD pre-treatment not only increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs, but also decreased CD11c+CD103+CD11b+ in both LP and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) in mice with colitis. 27567245 2 45 theme metabolism 362:371 arg1 change 332:337 the change 328:337 the change of the composition and metabolism in commensal flora 328:390 Moreover, accumulated data indicated that fat dietary factor might promote the change of the composition and metabolism in commensal flora. 27567245 4 46 theme disease 572:578 arg1 severity 580:587 the disease severity 568:587 the disease severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) 568:619 In this study, we found that high fat diet (HFD) promoted inflammation and exacerbated the disease severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in mice. 27567245 2 47 theme composition 346:356 arg1 change 332:337 the change 328:337 the change of the composition and metabolism in commensal flora 328:390 Moreover, accumulated data indicated that fat dietary factor might promote the change of the composition and metabolism in commensal flora. 27567245 5 48 theme epithelial 716:725 arg1 loss 727:730 more epithelial loss 711:730 more epithelial loss 711:730 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 5 48 theme epithelial 716:725 arg1 mice 683:686 low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice 660:686 low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice 660:686 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 5 49 theme myeloid 769:775 arg1 cells 790:794 more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells 758:794 more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells 758:794 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 7 50 theme HFD 1072:1074 arg1 effects 1061:1067 the effects 1057:1067 the effects of HFD and DSS treatment on mucosal DC subsets 1057:1114 We further analyzed the effects of HFD and DSS treatment on mucosal DC subsets, and found that DSS treatment in LFD mice mainly dramatically increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs in lamina propria (LP). 27567245 9 51 theme buytrate 1559:1566 arg1 levels 1549:1554 the reduced levels 1537:1554 the reduced levels of buytrate and retinoic acid 1537:1584 This disequilibrium of mucosal dendritic cells in HFD/DSS mice may depend on the reduced levels of buytrate and retinoic acid. 27567245 2 52 from composition 346:356 arg1 flora 386:390 commensal flora 376:390 commensal flora 376:390 Moreover, accumulated data indicated that fat dietary factor might promote the change of the composition and metabolism in commensal flora. 27567245 7 53 theme DSS 1132:1134 arg1 treatment 1136:1144 DSS treatment 1132:1144 DSS treatment in LFD mice 1132:1156 We further analyzed the effects of HFD and DSS treatment on mucosal DC subsets, and found that DSS treatment in LFD mice mainly dramatically increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs in lamina propria (LP). 27567245 9 54 theme retinoic 1572:1579 arg1 acid 1581:1584 retinoic acid 1572:1584 retinoic acid 1572:1584 This disequilibrium of mucosal dendritic cells in HFD/DSS mice may depend on the reduced levels of buytrate and retinoic acid. 27567245 2 55 from metabolism 362:371 arg1 flora 386:390 commensal flora 376:390 commensal flora 376:390 Moreover, accumulated data indicated that fat dietary factor might promote the change of the composition and metabolism in commensal flora. 27567245 0 56 theme sodium 42:47 arg1 colitis 57:63 dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis 26:63 dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis 26:63 High fat diet exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis through disturbing mucosal dendritic cell homeostasis. 27567245 2 57 theme dietary 299:305 arg1 factor 307:312 fat dietary factor 295:312 fat dietary factor 295:312 Moreover, accumulated data indicated that fat dietary factor might promote the change of the composition and metabolism in commensal flora. 27567245 1 58 theme high 201:204 arg1 incidence 206:214 the high incidence 197:214 the high incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 197:250 Epidemiological studies have shown that fat rich western diet contributes to the high incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27567245 5 59 theme low 660:662 arg1 LFD 674:676 LFD 674:676 LFD 674:676 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 5 59 theme low 660:662 arg1 diet 668:671 low fat diet 660:671 low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice 660:686 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 10 60 theme potential 1682:1690 arg1 role 1692:1695 its potential role 1678:1695 its potential role in the development of DSS induced colitis 1678:1737 Thus, this study declared the effects of HFD on gut microenviroment, and further indicated its potential role in the development of DSS induced colitis. 27567245 4 61 theme sulfate 600:606 arg1 DSS 616:618 DSS 616:618 DSS 616:618 In this study, we found that high fat diet (HFD) promoted inflammation and exacerbated the disease severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in mice. 27567245 4 61 theme sulfate 600:606 arg1 sodium 608:613 dextran sulfate sodium 592:613 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) 592:619 In this study, we found that high fat diet (HFD) promoted inflammation and exacerbated the disease severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in mice. 27567245 5 62 theme diet 668:671 arg1 mice 683:686 low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice 660:686 low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice 660:686 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 5 62 theme diet 668:671 arg1 destruction 742:752 crypt destruction 736:752 crypt destruction 736:752 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 5 62 theme diet 668:671 arg1 length 703:708 shorter colon length 689:708 shorter colon length 689:708 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 5 62 theme diet 668:671 arg1 loss 727:730 more epithelial loss 711:730 more epithelial loss 711:730 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 8 63 with mice 1441:1444 arg1 colitis 1451:1457 colitis 1451:1457 colitis 1451:1457 While, in HFD/DSS mice, HFD pre-treatment not only increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs, but also decreased CD11c+CD103+CD11b+ in both LP and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) in mice with colitis. 27567245 1 64 theme Epidemiological 120:134 arg1 studies 136:142 Epidemiological studies 120:142 Epidemiological studies 120:142 Epidemiological studies have shown that fat rich western diet contributes to the high incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27567245 10 65 from effects 1617:1623 arg1 microenviroment 1639:1653 gut microenviroment 1635:1653 gut microenviroment 1635:1653 Thus, this study declared the effects of HFD on gut microenviroment, and further indicated its potential role in the development of DSS induced colitis. 27567245 6 66 theme hematopoiesis 962:974 arg1 stem 976:979 more hematopoiesis stem and progenitor cells 957:1000 stem 976:979 Interestingly, such HFD mediated inflammation accompanied with the dys-regulation of hematopoiesis, and more hematopoiesis stem and progenitor cells were detected in colon and spleen. 27567245 7 67 from treatment 1136:1144 arg1 mice 1153:1156 LFD mice 1149:1156 LFD mice 1149:1156 We further analyzed the effects of HFD and DSS treatment on mucosal DC subsets, and found that DSS treatment in LFD mice mainly dramatically increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs in lamina propria (LP). 27567245 5 68 theme /DSS 678:681 arg1 mice 683:686 low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice 660:686 low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice 660:686 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 5 68 theme /DSS 678:681 arg1 destruction 742:752 crypt destruction 736:752 crypt destruction 736:752 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 5 68 theme /DSS 678:681 arg1 length 703:708 shorter colon length 689:708 shorter colon length 689:708 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 5 68 theme /DSS 678:681 arg1 loss 727:730 more epithelial loss 711:730 more epithelial loss 711:730 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 5 69 from infiltration 796:807 arg1 colons 812:817 colons 812:817 colons 812:817 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 0 70 theme mucosal 84:90 arg1 homeostasis 107:117 mucosal dendritic cell homeostasis 84:117 mucosal dendritic cell homeostasis 84:117 High fat diet exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis through disturbing mucosal dendritic cell homeostasis. 27567245 1 71 theme rich 164:167 arg1 diet 177:180 fat rich western diet 160:180 fat rich western diet 160:180 Epidemiological studies have shown that fat rich western diet contributes to the high incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27567245 6 72 theme hematopoiesis 938:950 arg1 dys-regulation 920:933 the dys-regulation 916:933 the dys-regulation of hematopoiesis 916:950 Interestingly, such HFD mediated inflammation accompanied with the dys-regulation of hematopoiesis, and more hematopoiesis stem and progenitor cells were detected in colon and spleen. 27567245 8 73 theme lymph 1420:1424 arg1 MLN 1433:1435 MLN 1433:1435 MLN 1433:1435 While, in HFD/DSS mice, HFD pre-treatment not only increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs, but also decreased CD11c+CD103+CD11b+ in both LP and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) in mice with colitis. 27567245 8 73 theme lymph 1420:1424 arg1 nodes 1426:1430 mesenteric lymph nodes 1409:1430 mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) in mice with colitis 1409:1457 While, in HFD/DSS mice, HFD pre-treatment not only increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs, but also decreased CD11c+CD103+CD11b+ in both LP and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) in mice with colitis. 27567245 0 74 theme cell 102:105 arg1 homeostasis 107:117 mucosal dendritic cell homeostasis 84:117 mucosal dendritic cell homeostasis 84:117 High fat diet exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis through disturbing mucosal dendritic cell homeostasis. 27567245 10 75 theme gut 1635:1637 arg1 microenviroment 1639:1653 gut microenviroment 1635:1653 gut microenviroment 1635:1653 Thus, this study declared the effects of HFD on gut microenviroment, and further indicated its potential role in the development of DSS induced colitis. 27567245 0 76 theme fat 5:7 arg1 diet 9:12 High fat diet 0:12 High fat diet 0:12 High fat diet exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis through disturbing mucosal dendritic cell homeostasis. 27567245 9 77 from mice 1518:1521 arg1 disequilibrium 1465:1478 This disequilibrium 1460:1478 This disequilibrium of mucosal dendritic cells in HFD/DSS mice 1460:1521 This disequilibrium of mucosal dendritic cells in HFD/DSS mice may depend on the reduced levels of buytrate and retinoic acid. 27567245 8 78 theme HFD/DSS 1263:1269 arg1 mice 1271:1274 HFD/DSS mice 1263:1274 HFD/DSS mice 1263:1274 While, in HFD/DSS mice, HFD pre-treatment not only increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs, but also decreased CD11c+CD103+CD11b+ in both LP and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) in mice with colitis. 27567245 7 79 theme treatment 1084:1092 arg1 effects 1061:1067 the effects 1057:1067 the effects of HFD and DSS treatment on mucosal DC subsets 1057:1114 We further analyzed the effects of HFD and DSS treatment on mucosal DC subsets, and found that DSS treatment in LFD mice mainly dramatically increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs in lamina propria (LP). 27567245 10 80 from role 1692:1695 arg1 development 1704:1714 the development 1700:1714 the development of DSS induced colitis 1700:1737 Thus, this study declared the effects of HFD on gut microenviroment, and further indicated its potential role in the development of DSS induced colitis. 27567245 10 81 theme colitis 1731:1737 arg1 development 1704:1714 the development 1700:1714 the development of DSS induced colitis 1700:1737 Thus, this study declared the effects of HFD on gut microenviroment, and further indicated its potential role in the development of DSS induced colitis. 27567245 5 82 theme colon 697:701 arg1 mice 683:686 low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice 660:686 low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice 660:686 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 5 82 theme colon 697:701 arg1 length 703:708 shorter colon length 689:708 shorter colon length 689:708 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 9 83 theme mucosal 1483:1489 arg1 cells 1501:1505 mucosal dendritic cells 1483:1505 mucosal dendritic cells in HFD/DSS mice 1483:1521 This disequilibrium of mucosal dendritic cells in HFD/DSS mice may depend on the reduced levels of buytrate and retinoic acid. 27567245 7 84 theme CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ 1206:1223 arg1 DCs 1225:1227 CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs 1206:1227 CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs 1206:1227 We further analyzed the effects of HFD and DSS treatment on mucosal DC subsets, and found that DSS treatment in LFD mice mainly dramatically increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs in lamina propria (LP). 27567245 3 85 theme exact 402:406 arg1 mechanisms 408:417 the exact mechanisms 398:417 the exact mechanisms for fatty diet in gut inflammation 398:452 But, the exact mechanisms for fatty diet in gut inflammation are not well demonstrated. 27567245 10 86 theme DSS 1719:1721 arg1 colitis 1731:1737 DSS induced colitis 1719:1737 DSS induced colitis 1719:1737 Thus, this study declared the effects of HFD on gut microenviroment, and further indicated its potential role in the development of DSS induced colitis. 27567245 3 87 theme gut 437:439 arg1 inflammation 441:452 gut inflammation 437:452 gut inflammation 437:452 But, the exact mechanisms for fatty diet in gut inflammation are not well demonstrated. 27567245 0 88 theme induced 49:55 arg1 colitis 57:63 dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis 26:63 dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis 26:63 High fat diet exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis through disturbing mucosal dendritic cell homeostasis. 27567245 9 89 theme cells 1501:1505 arg1 disequilibrium 1465:1478 This disequilibrium 1460:1478 This disequilibrium of mucosal dendritic cells in HFD/DSS mice 1460:1521 This disequilibrium of mucosal dendritic cells in HFD/DSS mice may depend on the reduced levels of buytrate and retinoic acid. 27567245 5 90 located observed 824:831 arg2 infiltration 796:807 infiltration 796:807 infiltration in colons 796:817 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 5 90 located observed 824:831 arg1 cohorts 844:850 HFD/DSS cohorts 836:850 HFD/DSS cohorts 836:850 Compared with low fat diet (LFD)/DSS mice, shorter colon length, more epithelial loss and crypt destruction and more Gr-1+ myeloid inflammatory cells infiltration in colons were observed in HFD/DSS cohorts. 27567245 4 91 theme high 510:513 arg1 diet 519:522 high fat diet 510:522 high fat diet (HFD) promoted inflammation and exacerbated the disease severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) 510:619 In this study, we found that high fat diet (HFD) promoted inflammation and exacerbated the disease severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in mice. 27567245 4 91 theme high 510:513 arg1 HFD 525:527 HFD 525:527 HFD 525:527 In this study, we found that high fat diet (HFD) promoted inflammation and exacerbated the disease severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in mice. 27567245 9 92 theme HFD/DSS 1510:1516 arg1 mice 1518:1521 HFD/DSS mice 1510:1521 HFD/DSS mice 1510:1521 This disequilibrium of mucosal dendritic cells in HFD/DSS mice may depend on the reduced levels of buytrate and retinoic acid. 27567245 2 93 from flora 386:390 arg1 change 332:337 the change 328:337 the change of the composition and metabolism in commensal flora 328:390 Moreover, accumulated data indicated that fat dietary factor might promote the change of the composition and metabolism in commensal flora. 27567245 3 94 from mechanisms 408:417 arg1 inflammation 441:452 gut inflammation 437:452 gut inflammation 437:452 But, the exact mechanisms for fatty diet in gut inflammation are not well demonstrated. 27567245 1 95 theme disease 238:244 arg1 incidence 206:214 the high incidence 197:214 the high incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 197:250 Epidemiological studies have shown that fat rich western diet contributes to the high incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27567245 1 96 theme inflammatory 219:230 arg1 IBD 247:249 IBD 247:249 IBD 247:249 Epidemiological studies have shown that fat rich western diet contributes to the high incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27567245 1 96 theme inflammatory 219:230 arg1 disease 238:244 inflammatory bowel disease 219:244 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 219:250 Epidemiological studies have shown that fat rich western diet contributes to the high incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 27567245 7 97 theme mucosal 1097:1103 arg1 subsets 1108:1114 mucosal DC subsets 1097:1114 mucosal DC subsets 1097:1114 We further analyzed the effects of HFD and DSS treatment on mucosal DC subsets, and found that DSS treatment in LFD mice mainly dramatically increased the percentage of CD11c+CD103-CD11b+ DCs in lamina propria (LP). 27265352 8 0 theme DNA-DNA 1068:1074 arg1 hybridization 1076:1088 DNA-DNA hybridization 1068:1088 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 1DS3-10T 1068:1119 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 1DS3-10T and the type strains of closely related species were 25-33 %, which supported that 1DS3-10T represented a novel species in the genus Bacillus. 27265352 2 1 theme Gram-staining-positive 96:117 arg1 bacterium 138:146 a Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium 94:146 a Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from rice rhizosphere 94:177 The taxonomy of strain 1DS3-10T, a Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from rice rhizosphere, was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 27265352 2 1 theme Gram-staining-positive 96:117 arg1 1DS3-10T 84:91 strain 1DS3-10T 77:91 strain 1DS3-10T 77:91 The taxonomy of strain 1DS3-10T, a Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from rice rhizosphere, was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 27265352 3 2 theme Phylogenetic 226:237 arg1 analysis 239:246 Phylogenetic analysis 226:246 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 226:279 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 10 3 dep evidence 1481:1488 arg1 the 1436:1438 the 1436:1438 the 1436:1438 On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, strain 1DS3-10T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus oryzisoli sp. 27265352 10 3 dep evidence 1481:1488 arg1 basis 1440:1444 basis 1440:1444 basis 1440:1444 On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, strain 1DS3-10T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus oryzisoli sp. 27265352 3 4 theme circulans 481:489 arg1 11T 495:497 Bacillus circulans DSM 11T 472:497 Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %) 472:506 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 4 theme circulans 481:489 arg1 % 505:505 97.7 % 500:505 97.7 % 500:505 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 4 theme circulans 481:489 arg1 strains 422:428 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 10 5 theme Bacillus 1576:1583 arg1 sp 1595:1596 the name Bacillus oryzisoli sp 1567:1596 the name Bacillus oryzisoli sp 1567:1596 On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, strain 1DS3-10T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus oryzisoli sp. 27265352 3 6 theme CGMCC 607:611 arg1 1.10115T 613:620 Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T 582:620 Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) 582:629 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 6 theme CGMCC 607:611 arg1 % 628:628 97.3 % 623:628 97.3 % 623:628 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 6 theme CGMCC 607:611 arg1 strains 422:428 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 12 7 theme =ACCC 1667:1671 arg1 1DS3-10T 1657:1664 1DS3-10T 1657:1664 1DS3-10T (=ACCC 19781T=DSM 29761T) 1657:1690 The type strain of the novel species is 1DS3-10T (=ACCC 19781T=DSM 29761T). 27265352 12 7 theme =ACCC 1667:1671 arg1 29761T 1684:1689 =ACCC 19781T=DSM 29761T 1667:1689 =ACCC 19781T=DSM 29761T 1667:1689 The type strain of the novel species is 1DS3-10T (=ACCC 19781T=DSM 29761T). 27265352 3 8 theme DSM 491:493 arg1 11T 495:497 Bacillus circulans DSM 11T 472:497 Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %) 472:506 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 8 theme DSM 491:493 arg1 % 505:505 97.7 % 500:505 97.7 % 500:505 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 8 theme DSM 491:493 arg1 strains 422:428 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 7 9 contain contained 1032:1040 arg1 peptidoglycan 1018:1030 Cell-wall peptidoglycan 1008:1030 Cell-wall peptidoglycan 1008:1030 Cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27265352 7 9 contain contained 1032:1040 arg2 acid 1062:1065 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1042:1065 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1042:1065 Cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27265352 9 10 theme phenotypic 1337:1346 arg1 differentiation 1348:1362 the phenotypic differentiation 1333:1362 the phenotypic differentiation of strain 1DS3-10T from the most closely related recognized species 1333:1430 The results of some physiological and biochemical tests also allowed the phenotypic differentiation of strain 1DS3-10T from the most closely related recognized species. 27265352 12 11 theme novel 1640:1644 arg1 species 1646:1652 the novel species 1636:1652 the novel species 1636:1652 The type strain of the novel species is 1DS3-10T (=ACCC 19781T=DSM 29761T). 27265352 1 12 theme rice 43:46 arg1 rhizosphere 48:58 rice rhizosphere 43:58 rice rhizosphere 43:58 nov., isolated from rice rhizosphere. 27265352 3 13 dep Bacillus 582:589 arg1 oceanisediminis 591:605 oceanisediminis 591:605 oceanisediminis 591:605 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 14 theme Bacillus 366:373 arg1 members 345:351 established members 333:351 established members of the genus Bacillus 333:373 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 7 15 theme Cell-wall 1008:1016 arg1 peptidoglycan 1018:1030 Cell-wall peptidoglycan 1008:1030 Cell-wall peptidoglycan 1008:1030 Cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27265352 10 16 theme Bacillus 1547:1554 arg1 species 1526:1532 a novel species 1518:1532 a novel species 1518:1532 On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, strain 1DS3-10T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus oryzisoli sp. 27265352 12 17 theme type 1621:1624 arg1 strain 1626:1631 The type strain 1617:1631 The type strain of the novel species 1617:1652 The type strain of the novel species is 1DS3-10T (=ACCC 19781T=DSM 29761T). 27265352 12 17 theme type 1621:1624 arg1 1DS3-10T 1657:1664 1DS3-10T 1657:1664 1DS3-10T (=ACCC 19781T=DSM 29761T) 1657:1690 The type strain of the novel species is 1DS3-10T (=ACCC 19781T=DSM 29761T). 27265352 8 18 theme strain 1105:1110 arg1 1DS3-10T 1112:1119 strain 1DS3-10T 1105:1119 strain 1DS3-10T 1105:1119 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 1DS3-10T and the type strains of closely related species were 25-33 %, which supported that 1DS3-10T represented a novel species in the genus Bacillus. 27265352 3 19 theme 16S 257:259 arg1 sequences 271:279 16S rRNA gene sequences 257:279 16S rRNA gene sequences 257:279 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 12 20 theme 19781T=DSM 1673:1682 arg1 1DS3-10T 1657:1664 1DS3-10T 1657:1664 1DS3-10T (=ACCC 19781T=DSM 29761T) 1657:1690 The type strain of the novel species is 1DS3-10T (=ACCC 19781T=DSM 29761T). 27265352 12 20 theme 19781T=DSM 1673:1682 arg1 29761T 1684:1689 =ACCC 19781T=DSM 29761T 1667:1689 =ACCC 19781T=DSM 29761T 1667:1689 The type strain of the novel species is 1DS3-10T (=ACCC 19781T=DSM 29761T). 27265352 4 21 theme acid 679:682 arg1 profile 684:690 The fatty acid profile 669:690 The fatty acid profile 669:690 The fatty acid profile of strain 1DS3-10T, which showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, supported the allocation of the strain to the genus Bacillus. 27265352 10 22 theme name 1571:1574 arg1 sp 1595:1596 the name Bacillus oryzisoli sp 1567:1596 the name Bacillus oryzisoli sp 1567:1596 On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, strain 1DS3-10T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus oryzisoli sp. 27265352 3 23 theme Bacillus 430:437 arg1 5391T 456:460 Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T 430:460 Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %) 430:469 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 23 theme Bacillus 430:437 arg1 % 468:468 97.9 % 463:468 97.9 % 463:468 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 23 theme Bacillus 430:437 arg1 strains 422:428 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 10 24 theme strain 1491:1496 arg1 1DS3-10T 1498:1505 strain 1DS3-10T 1491:1505 strain 1DS3-10T 1491:1505 On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, strain 1DS3-10T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus oryzisoli sp. 27265352 3 25 theme rRNA 261:264 arg1 sequences 271:279 16S rRNA gene sequences 257:279 16S rRNA gene sequences 257:279 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 12 26 theme species 1646:1652 arg1 strain 1626:1631 The type strain 1617:1631 The type strain of the novel species 1617:1652 The type strain of the novel species is 1DS3-10T (=ACCC 19781T=DSM 29761T). 27265352 12 26 theme species 1646:1652 arg1 1DS3-10T 1657:1664 1DS3-10T 1657:1664 1DS3-10T (=ACCC 19781T=DSM 29761T) 1657:1690 The type strain of the novel species is 1DS3-10T (=ACCC 19781T=DSM 29761T). 27265352 4 27 theme fatty 673:677 arg1 profile 684:690 The fatty acid profile 669:690 The fatty acid profile 669:690 The fatty acid profile of strain 1DS3-10T, which showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, supported the allocation of the strain to the genus Bacillus. 27265352 4 28 theme strain 808:813 arg1 allocation 790:799 the allocation 786:799 the allocation of the strain to the genus Bacillus 786:835 The fatty acid profile of strain 1DS3-10T, which showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, supported the allocation of the strain to the genus Bacillus. 27265352 3 29 theme benzoevorans 439:450 arg1 5391T 456:460 Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T 430:460 Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %) 430:469 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 29 theme benzoevorans 439:450 arg1 % 468:468 97.9 % 463:468 97.9 % 463:468 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 29 theme benzoevorans 439:450 arg1 strains 422:428 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 0 30 theme oryzisoli 9:17 arg1 sp 19:20 Bacillus oryzisoli sp 0:20 Bacillus oryzisoli sp. 0:21 Bacillus oryzisoli sp. 27265352 4 31 dep predominance 727:738 arg1  0 772:773  0 772:773 a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 725:773 The fatty acid profile of strain 1DS3-10T, which showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, supported the allocation of the strain to the genus Bacillus. 27265352 4 31 dep predominance 727:738 arg1 anteiso-C15  759:770 anteiso-C15  759:770 anteiso-C15  759:770 The fatty acid profile of strain 1DS3-10T, which showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, supported the allocation of the strain to the genus Bacillus. 27265352 4 31 dep predominance 727:738 arg1  0 752:753  0 752:753  0 752:753 The fatty acid profile of strain 1DS3-10T, which showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, supported the allocation of the strain to the genus Bacillus. 27265352 3 32 theme JCM 526:528 arg1 % 543:543 97.3 % 538:543 97.3 % 538:543 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 32 theme JCM 526:528 arg1 strains 422:428 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 32 theme JCM 526:528 arg1 21709T 530:535 Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T 509:535 Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %) 509:544 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 33 theme type 417:420 arg1 21710T 565:570 Bacillus soli JCM 21710T 547:570 Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %) 547:579 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 33 theme type 417:420 arg1 11T 495:497 Bacillus circulans DSM 11T 472:497 Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %) 472:506 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 33 theme type 417:420 arg1 strains 422:428 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 33 theme type 417:420 arg1 BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T 635:657 BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T 635:657 BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 635:666 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 33 theme type 417:420 arg1 1.10115T 613:620 Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T 582:620 Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) 582:629 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 33 theme type 417:420 arg1 21709T 530:535 Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T 509:535 Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %) 509:544 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 33 theme type 417:420 arg1 5391T 456:460 Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T 430:460 Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %) 430:469 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 0 34 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 19:20 Bacillus oryzisoli sp 0:20 Bacillus oryzisoli sp. 0:21 Bacillus oryzisoli sp. 27265352 4 35 theme iso-C15  743:750 arg1 predominance 727:738 a predominance 725:738 a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 725:773 The fatty acid profile of strain 1DS3-10T, which showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, supported the allocation of the strain to the genus Bacillus. 27265352 9 36 from species 1424:1430 arg1 differentiation 1348:1362 the phenotypic differentiation 1333:1362 the phenotypic differentiation of strain 1DS3-10T from the most closely related recognized species 1333:1430 The results of some physiological and biochemical tests also allowed the phenotypic differentiation of strain 1DS3-10T from the most closely related recognized species. 27265352 3 37 theme Bacillus 582:589 arg1 1.10115T 613:620 Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T 582:620 Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) 582:629 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 37 theme Bacillus 582:589 arg1 % 628:628 97.3 % 623:628 97.3 % 623:628 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 37 theme Bacillus 582:589 arg1 strains 422:428 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 8 38 theme type 1129:1132 arg1 % 1180:1180 25-33 % 1174:1180 25-33 % 1174:1180 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 1DS3-10T and the type strains of closely related species were 25-33 %, which supported that 1DS3-10T represented a novel species in the genus Bacillus. 27265352 8 38 theme type 1129:1132 arg1 strains 1134:1140 the type strains 1125:1140 the type strains of closely related species 1125:1167 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 1DS3-10T and the type strains of closely related species were 25-33 %, which supported that 1DS3-10T represented a novel species in the genus Bacillus. 27265352 8 39 from species 1233:1239 arg1 genus 1248:1252 the genus Bacillus 1244:1261 the genus Bacillus 1244:1261 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 1DS3-10T and the type strains of closely related species were 25-33 %, which supported that 1DS3-10T represented a novel species in the genus Bacillus. 27265352 3 40 theme Bacillus 509:516 arg1 % 543:543 97.3 % 538:543 97.3 % 538:543 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 40 theme Bacillus 509:516 arg1 strains 422:428 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 40 theme Bacillus 509:516 arg1 21709T 530:535 Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T 509:535 Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %) 509:544 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 10 41 theme oryzisoli 1585:1593 arg1 sp 1595:1596 the name Bacillus oryzisoli sp 1567:1596 the name Bacillus oryzisoli sp 1567:1596 On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, strain 1DS3-10T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus oryzisoli sp. 27265352 4 42 theme strain 695:700 arg1 1DS3-10T 702:709 strain 1DS3-10T 695:709 strain 1DS3-10T 695:709 The fatty acid profile of strain 1DS3-10T, which showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, supported the allocation of the strain to the genus Bacillus. 27265352 5 43 theme predominant 842:852 arg1 MK-7 870:873 MK-7 870:873 MK-7 870:873 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 (100 %). 27265352 5 43 theme predominant 842:852 arg1 menaquinone 854:864 The predominant menaquinone 838:864 The predominant menaquinone 838:864 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 (100 %). 27265352 3 44 theme novalis 518:524 arg1 % 543:543 97.3 % 538:543 97.3 % 538:543 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 44 theme novalis 518:524 arg1 strains 422:428 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 44 theme novalis 518:524 arg1 21709T 530:535 Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T 509:535 Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %) 509:544 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 10 45 theme phenotypic 1470:1479 arg1 evidence 1481:1488 the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence 1449:1488 the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence 1449:1488 On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, strain 1DS3-10T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus oryzisoli sp. 27265352 3 46 theme gene 266:269 arg1 sequences 271:279 16S rRNA gene sequences 257:279 16S rRNA gene sequences 257:279 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 6 47 theme polar 894:898 arg1 lipids 900:905 The major polar lipids 884:905 The major polar lipids 884:905 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and unknown aminolipids. 27265352 6 47 theme polar 894:898 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 912:933 diphosphatidylglycerol 912:933 diphosphatidylglycerol 912:933 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and unknown aminolipids. 27265352 8 48 dep genus 1248:1252 arg1 Bacillus 1254:1261 the genus Bacillus 1244:1261 the genus Bacillus 1244:1261 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 1DS3-10T and the type strains of closely related species were 25-33 %, which supported that 1DS3-10T represented a novel species in the genus Bacillus. 27265352 3 49 theme DSM 452:454 arg1 5391T 456:460 Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T 430:460 Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %) 430:469 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 49 theme DSM 452:454 arg1 % 468:468 97.9 % 463:468 97.9 % 463:468 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 49 theme DSM 452:454 arg1 strains 422:428 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 9 50 theme strain 1367:1372 arg1 1DS3-10T 1374:1381 strain 1DS3-10T 1367:1381 strain 1DS3-10T 1367:1381 The results of some physiological and biochemical tests also allowed the phenotypic differentiation of strain 1DS3-10T from the most closely related recognized species. 27265352 2 51 theme 1DS3-10T 84:91 arg1 taxonomy 65:72 The taxonomy 61:72 The taxonomy of strain 1DS3-10T, a Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from rice rhizosphere, 61:178 The taxonomy of strain 1DS3-10T, a Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from rice rhizosphere, was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 27265352 3 52 dep strains 422:428 arg1 % 543:543 97.3 % 538:543 97.3 % 538:543 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 52 dep strains 422:428 arg1 21710T 565:570 Bacillus soli JCM 21710T 547:570 Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %) 547:579 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 52 dep strains 422:428 arg1 11T 495:497 Bacillus circulans DSM 11T 472:497 Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %) 472:506 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 52 dep strains 422:428 arg1 strains 422:428 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 52 dep strains 422:428 arg1 BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T 635:657 BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T 635:657 BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 635:666 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 52 dep strains 422:428 arg1 % 468:468 97.9 % 463:468 97.9 % 463:468 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 52 dep strains 422:428 arg1 % 578:578 97.3 % 573:578 97.3 % 573:578 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 52 dep strains 422:428 arg1 1.10115T 613:620 Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T 582:620 Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) 582:629 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 52 dep strains 422:428 arg1 21709T 530:535 Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T 509:535 Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %) 509:544 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 52 dep strains 422:428 arg1 % 505:505 97.7 % 500:505 97.7 % 500:505 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 52 dep strains 422:428 arg1 % 665:665 97.1 % 660:665 97.1 % 660:665 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 52 dep strains 422:428 arg1 5391T 456:460 Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T 430:460 Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %) 430:469 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 52 dep strains 422:428 arg1 % 628:628 97.3 % 623:628 97.3 % 623:628 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 6 53 theme major 888:892 arg1 lipids 900:905 The major polar lipids 884:905 The major polar lipids 884:905 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and unknown aminolipids. 27265352 6 53 theme major 888:892 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 912:933 diphosphatidylglycerol 912:933 diphosphatidylglycerol 912:933 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and unknown aminolipids. 27265352 7 54 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1042:1060 arg1 acid 1062:1065 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1042:1065 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1042:1065 Cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27265352 2 55 theme strain 77:82 arg1 bacterium 138:146 a Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium 94:146 a Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from rice rhizosphere 94:177 The taxonomy of strain 1DS3-10T, a Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from rice rhizosphere, was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 27265352 2 55 theme strain 77:82 arg1 1DS3-10T 84:91 strain 1DS3-10T 77:91 strain 1DS3-10T 77:91 The taxonomy of strain 1DS3-10T, a Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from rice rhizosphere, was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 27265352 10 56 theme phylogenetic 1453:1464 arg1 evidence 1481:1488 the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence 1449:1488 the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence 1449:1488 On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, strain 1DS3-10T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus oryzisoli sp. 27265352 2 57 theme rice 162:165 arg1 rhizosphere 167:177 rice rhizosphere 162:177 rice rhizosphere 162:177 The taxonomy of strain 1DS3-10T, a Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from rice rhizosphere, was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 27265352 9 58 theme related 1405:1411 arg1 species 1424:1430 the most closely related recognized species 1388:1430 the most closely related recognized species 1388:1430 The results of some physiological and biochemical tests also allowed the phenotypic differentiation of strain 1DS3-10T from the most closely related recognized species. 27265352 2 59 attach isolated 148:155 arg2 1DS3-10T 84:91 strain 1DS3-10T 77:91 strain 1DS3-10T 77:91 The taxonomy of strain 1DS3-10T, a Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from rice rhizosphere, was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 27265352 2 59 attach isolated 148:155 arg2 bacterium 138:146 a Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium 94:146 a Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from rice rhizosphere 94:177 The taxonomy of strain 1DS3-10T, a Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from rice rhizosphere, was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 27265352 2 59 attach isolated 148:155 arg1 rhizosphere 167:177 rice rhizosphere 162:177 rice rhizosphere 162:177 The taxonomy of strain 1DS3-10T, a Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from rice rhizosphere, was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 27265352 9 60 theme physiological 1284:1296 arg1 tests 1314:1318 some physiological and biochemical tests 1279:1318 some physiological and biochemical tests 1279:1318 The results of some physiological and biochemical tests also allowed the phenotypic differentiation of strain 1DS3-10T from the most closely related recognized species. 27265352 2 61 theme polyphasic 205:214 arg1 approach 216:223 a polyphasic approach 203:223 a polyphasic approach 203:223 The taxonomy of strain 1DS3-10T, a Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from rice rhizosphere, was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 27265352 3 62 theme Bacillus 472:479 arg1 11T 495:497 Bacillus circulans DSM 11T 472:497 Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %) 472:506 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 62 theme Bacillus 472:479 arg1 % 505:505 97.7 % 500:505 97.7 % 500:505 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 62 theme Bacillus 472:479 arg1 strains 422:428 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 2 63 dep Gram-staining-positive 96:117 arg1 endospore-forming 120:136 endospore-forming 120:136 endospore-forming 120:136 The taxonomy of strain 1DS3-10T, a Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from rice rhizosphere, was investigated using a polyphasic approach. 27265352 3 64 theme soli 556:559 arg1 21710T 565:570 Bacillus soli JCM 21710T 547:570 Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %) 547:579 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 64 theme soli 556:559 arg1 % 578:578 97.3 % 573:578 97.3 % 573:578 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 64 theme soli 556:559 arg1 strains 422:428 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 8 65 theme novel 1227:1231 arg1 species 1233:1239 a novel species 1225:1239 a novel species in the genus Bacillus 1225:1261 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 1DS3-10T and the type strains of closely related species were 25-33 %, which supported that 1DS3-10T represented a novel species in the genus Bacillus. 27265352 9 66 theme biochemical 1302:1312 arg1 tests 1314:1318 some physiological and biochemical tests 1279:1318 some physiological and biochemical tests 1279:1318 The results of some physiological and biochemical tests also allowed the phenotypic differentiation of strain 1DS3-10T from the most closely related recognized species. 27265352 9 67 theme 1DS3-10T 1374:1381 arg1 differentiation 1348:1362 the phenotypic differentiation 1333:1362 the phenotypic differentiation of strain 1DS3-10T from the most closely related recognized species 1333:1430 The results of some physiological and biochemical tests also allowed the phenotypic differentiation of strain 1DS3-10T from the most closely related recognized species. 27265352 3 68 theme novel 303:307 arg1 related 402:408 related 402:408 related 402:408 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 68 theme novel 303:307 arg1 strain 309:314 the novel strain 299:314 the novel strain 299:314 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 69 theme JCM 561:563 arg1 21710T 565:570 Bacillus soli JCM 21710T 547:570 Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %) 547:579 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 69 theme JCM 561:563 arg1 % 578:578 97.3 % 573:578 97.3 % 573:578 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 69 theme JCM 561:563 arg1 strains 422:428 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 9 70 theme tests 1314:1318 arg1 results 1268:1274 The results 1264:1274 The results of some physiological and biochemical tests 1264:1318 The results of some physiological and biochemical tests also allowed the phenotypic differentiation of strain 1DS3-10T from the most closely related recognized species. 27265352 3 71 theme established 333:343 arg1 members 345:351 established members 333:351 established members of the genus Bacillus 333:373 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 9 72 theme recognized 1413:1422 arg1 species 1424:1430 the most closely related recognized species 1388:1430 the most closely related recognized species 1388:1430 The results of some physiological and biochemical tests also allowed the phenotypic differentiation of strain 1DS3-10T from the most closely related recognized species. 27265352 4 73 theme 1DS3-10T 702:709 arg1 profile 684:690 The fatty acid profile 669:690 The fatty acid profile 669:690 The fatty acid profile of strain 1DS3-10T, which showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, supported the allocation of the strain to the genus Bacillus. 27265352 8 74 theme species 1161:1167 arg1 values 1090:1095 DNA-DNA hybridization values 1068:1095 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 1DS3-10T 1068:1119 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 1DS3-10T and the type strains of closely related species were 25-33 %, which supported that 1DS3-10T represented a novel species in the genus Bacillus. 27265352 8 74 theme species 1161:1167 arg1 % 1180:1180 25-33 % 1174:1180 25-33 % 1174:1180 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 1DS3-10T and the type strains of closely related species were 25-33 %, which supported that 1DS3-10T represented a novel species in the genus Bacillus. 27265352 8 74 theme species 1161:1167 arg1 strains 1134:1140 the type strains 1125:1140 the type strains of closely related species 1125:1167 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 1DS3-10T and the type strains of closely related species were 25-33 %, which supported that 1DS3-10T represented a novel species in the genus Bacillus. 27265352 8 75 theme related 1153:1159 arg1 species 1161:1167 closely related species 1145:1167 closely related species 1145:1167 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 1DS3-10T and the type strains of closely related species were 25-33 %, which supported that 1DS3-10T represented a novel species in the genus Bacillus. 27265352 3 76 theme Bacillus 547:554 arg1 21710T 565:570 Bacillus soli JCM 21710T 547:570 Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %) 547:579 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 76 theme Bacillus 547:554 arg1 % 578:578 97.3 % 573:578 97.3 % 573:578 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 3 76 theme Bacillus 547:554 arg1 strains 422:428 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %) 413:666 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was grouped with established members of the genus Bacillus and appeared to be closely related to the type strains Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T (97.9 %), Bacillus circulans DSM 11T (97.7 %), Bacillus novalis JCM 21709T (97.3 %), Bacillus soli JCM 21710T (97.3 %), Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (97.3 %) and BacillusnealsoniiFO-92T (97.1 %). 27265352 10 77 theme novel 1520:1524 arg1 species 1526:1532 a novel species 1518:1532 a novel species 1518:1532 On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, strain 1DS3-10T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus oryzisoli sp. 27265352 6 78 theme unknown 987:993 arg1 aminolipids 995:1005 unknown aminolipids 987:1005 unknown aminolipids 987:1005 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and unknown aminolipids. 27265352 8 79 theme hybridization 1076:1088 arg1 values 1090:1095 DNA-DNA hybridization values 1068:1095 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 1DS3-10T 1068:1119 DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 1DS3-10T and the type strains of closely related species were 25-33 %, which supported that 1DS3-10T represented a novel species in the genus Bacillus. 26333923 11 0 theme phenotypic 1450:1459 arg1 characterization 1475:1490 the phenotypic and genotypic characterization 1446:1490 the phenotypic and genotypic characterization 1446:1490 Based on the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterization, it was concluded that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name of Lysinibacillus louembei sp. 26333923 3 1 theme Lysinibacillus 652:665 arg1 34hs-1T 676:682 Lysinibacillus odysseyi 34hs-1T 652:682 Lysinibacillus odysseyi 34hs-1T (96.94%) 652:691 The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was most closely related to Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T (98.93%), Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9T (96.95%) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi 34hs-1T (96.94%). 26333923 3 1 theme Lysinibacillus 652:665 arg1 % 690:690 96.94% 685:690 96.94% 685:690 The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was most closely related to Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T (98.93%), Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9T (96.95%) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi 34hs-1T (96.94%). 26333923 4 2 theme odysseyi 795:802 arg1 18869T 808:813 L. odysseyi DSM 18869T 792:813 L. odysseyi DSM 18869T 792:813 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the isolate with L. meyeri LMG 26643T, L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T and L. odysseyi DSM 18869T was 41%, 16% and 15%, respectively. 26333923 10 3 theme DNA 1393:1395 arg1 content 1401:1407 The DNA G+C content 1389:1407 The DNA G+C content 1389:1407 The DNA G+C content was 38 mol%. 26333923 10 3 theme DNA 1393:1395 arg1 % 1419:1419 38 mol% 1413:1419 38 mol% 1413:1419 The DNA G+C content was 38 mol%. 26333923 11 4 theme Lysinibacillus 1567:1580 arg1 species 1546:1552 a novel species 1538:1552 a novel species 1538:1552 Based on the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterization, it was concluded that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name of Lysinibacillus louembei sp. 26333923 4 5 theme L. 792:793 arg1 18869T 808:813 L. odysseyi DSM 18869T 792:813 L. odysseyi DSM 18869T 792:813 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the isolate with L. meyeri LMG 26643T, L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T and L. odysseyi DSM 18869T was 41%, 16% and 15%, respectively. 26333923 2 6 theme Gram-positive 311:323 arg1 NM73 405:408 NM73 405:408 NM73 405:408 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 2 6 theme Gram-positive 311:323 arg1 bacterium 394:402 a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium 309:402 a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) 309:409 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 9 7 theme only 1357:1360 arg1 sugar 1373:1377 the only whole-cell sugar 1353:1377 the only whole-cell sugar 1353:1377 Ribose was the only whole-cell sugar detected. 26333923 5 8 theme isolate 902:908 arg1 different 914:922 different 914:922 different 914:922 The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile of the isolate was different from those of closely related bacteria. 26333923 5 8 theme isolate 902:908 arg1 profile 887:893 The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile 851:893 The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile of the isolate 851:908 The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile of the isolate was different from those of closely related bacteria. 26333923 13 9 theme = LMG 1672:1676 arg1 NM73T 1651:1655 NM73T 1651:1655 NM73T ( = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T) 1651:1684 NM73T ( = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T) represents the type strain. 26333923 13 9 theme = LMG 1672:1676 arg1 26837T 1678:1683  = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T 1658:1683  = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T 1658:1683 NM73T ( = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T) represents the type strain. 26333923 4 10 theme L. 760:761 arg1 23493T 781:786 L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T 760:786 L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T 760:786 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the isolate with L. meyeri LMG 26643T, L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T and L. odysseyi DSM 18869T was 41%, 16% and 15%, respectively. 26333923 2 11 theme cassava 268:274 arg1 fermentation 252:263 the alkaline fermentation 239:263 the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves 239:281 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 9 12 theme whole-cell 1362:1371 arg1 sugar 1373:1377 the only whole-cell sugar 1353:1377 the only whole-cell sugar 1353:1377 Ribose was the only whole-cell sugar detected. 26333923 4 13 theme DSM 804:806 arg1 18869T 808:813 L. odysseyi DSM 18869T 792:813 L. odysseyi DSM 18869T 792:813 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the isolate with L. meyeri LMG 26643T, L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T and L. odysseyi DSM 18869T was 41%, 16% and 15%, respectively. 26333923 4 14 theme DNA-DNA 698:704 arg1 % 821:821 41% 819:821 41% 819:821 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the isolate with L. meyeri LMG 26643T, L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T and L. odysseyi DSM 18869T was 41%, 16% and 15%, respectively. 26333923 4 14 theme DNA-DNA 698:704 arg1 relatedness 706:716 The DNA-DNA relatedness 694:716 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the isolate with L. meyeri LMG 26643T, L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T and L. odysseyi DSM 18869T 694:813 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the isolate with L. meyeri LMG 26643T, L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T and L. odysseyi DSM 18869T was 41%, 16% and 15%, respectively. 26333923 4 15 theme DSM 777:779 arg1 23493T 781:786 L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T 760:786 L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T 760:786 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the isolate with L. meyeri LMG 26643T, L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T and L. odysseyi DSM 18869T was 41%, 16% and 15%, respectively. 26333923 6 16 theme peptidoglycan 978:990 arg1 A4α 1001:1003 A4α 1001:1003 A4α 1001:1003 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4α, L-Lys-D-Asp and the major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C17:0 and iso-C17:1ω10c. 26333923 6 16 theme peptidoglycan 978:990 arg1 type 992:995 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 964:995 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 964:995 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4α, L-Lys-D-Asp and the major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C17:0 and iso-C17:1ω10c. 26333923 2 17 theme alkaline 243:250 arg1 fermentation 252:263 the alkaline fermentation 239:263 the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves 239:281 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 1 18 theme Congo 149:153 arg1 Republic 133:140 the Republic 129:140 the Republic of the Congo 129:153 nov., a spore-forming bacterium isolated from Ntoba Mbodi, alkaline fermented leaves of cassava from the Republic of the Congo. 26333923 4 19 theme xylanilyticus 763:775 arg1 23493T 781:786 L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T 760:786 L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T 760:786 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the isolate with L. meyeri LMG 26643T, L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T and L. odysseyi DSM 18869T was 41%, 16% and 15%, respectively. 26333923 2 20 theme unusual 416:422 arg1 characteristics 449:463 unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 416:463 unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 416:463 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 2 21 theme motile 354:359 arg1 NM73 405:408 NM73 405:408 NM73 405:408 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 2 21 theme motile 354:359 arg1 bacterium 394:402 a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium 309:402 a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) 309:409 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 0 22 theme louembei 15:22 arg1 sp 24:25 Lysinibacillus louembei sp 0:25 Lysinibacillus louembei sp. 0:26 Lysinibacillus louembei sp. 26333923 13 23 theme type 1701:1704 arg1 strain 1706:1711 the type strain 1697:1711 the type strain 1697:1711 NM73T ( = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T) represents the type strain. 26333923 0 24 theme Lysinibacillus 0:13 arg1 sp 24:25 Lysinibacillus louembei sp 0:25 Lysinibacillus louembei sp. 0:26 Lysinibacillus louembei sp. 26333923 1 25 attach isolated 60:67 arg2 bacterium 50:58 a spore-forming bacterium 34:58 a spore-forming bacterium isolated from Ntoba Mbodi 34:84 nov., a spore-forming bacterium isolated from Ntoba Mbodi, alkaline fermented leaves of cassava from the Republic of the Congo. 26333923 1 25 attach isolated 60:67 arg2 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., a spore-forming bacterium isolated from Ntoba Mbodi, alkaline fermented leaves of cassava from the Republic of the Congo. 26333923 1 25 attach isolated 60:67 arg1 Mbodi 80:84 Mbodi 80:84 Mbodi 80:84 nov., a spore-forming bacterium isolated from Ntoba Mbodi, alkaline fermented leaves of cassava from the Republic of the Congo. 26333923 10 26 theme G+C 1397:1399 arg1 content 1401:1407 The DNA G+C content 1389:1407 The DNA G+C content 1389:1407 The DNA G+C content was 38 mol%. 26333923 10 26 theme G+C 1397:1399 arg1 % 1419:1419 38 mol% 1413:1419 38 mol% 1413:1419 The DNA G+C content was 38 mol%. 26333923 11 27 theme characterization 1475:1490 arg1 results 1435:1441 the results 1431:1441 the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterization 1431:1490 Based on the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterization, it was concluded that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name of Lysinibacillus louembei sp. 26333923 8 28 theme predominant 1297:1307 arg1 MK-7 1327:1330 MK-7 1327:1330 MK-7 1327:1330 The predominant menaquinones were MK-7 and MK-6. 26333923 8 28 theme predominant 1297:1307 arg1 menaquinones 1309:1320 The predominant menaquinones 1293:1320 The predominant menaquinones 1293:1320 The predominant menaquinones were MK-7 and MK-6. 26333923 2 29 theme aerobic 345:351 arg1 NM73 405:408 NM73 405:408 NM73 405:408 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 2 29 theme aerobic 345:351 arg1 bacterium 394:402 a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium 309:402 a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) 309:409 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 11 30 theme genotypic 1465:1473 arg1 characterization 1475:1490 the phenotypic and genotypic characterization 1446:1490 the phenotypic and genotypic characterization 1446:1490 Based on the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterization, it was concluded that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name of Lysinibacillus louembei sp. 26333923 4 31 theme meyeri 741:746 arg1 26643T 752:757 L. meyeri LMG 26643T 738:757 L. meyeri LMG 26643T 738:757 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the isolate with L. meyeri LMG 26643T, L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T and L. odysseyi DSM 18869T was 41%, 16% and 15%, respectively. 26333923 11 32 theme sp 1629:1630 arg1 name 1597:1600 the name 1593:1600 the name of Lysinibacillus louembei sp 1593:1630 Based on the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterization, it was concluded that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name of Lysinibacillus louembei sp. 26333923 6 33 theme fatty 1032:1036 arg1 iso-C15:0 1049:1057 iso-C15:0 1049:1057 iso-C15:0 1049:1057 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4α, L-Lys-D-Asp and the major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C17:0 and iso-C17:1ω10c. 26333923 6 33 theme fatty 1032:1036 arg1 acids 1038:1042 the major fatty acids 1022:1042 the major fatty acids 1022:1042 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4α, L-Lys-D-Asp and the major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C17:0 and iso-C17:1ω10c. 26333923 5 34 from those 929:933 arg1 different 914:922 different 914:922 different 914:922 The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile of the isolate was different from those of closely related bacteria. 26333923 5 34 from those 929:933 arg1 profile 887:893 The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile 851:893 The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile of the isolate 851:908 The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile of the isolate was different from those of closely related bacteria. 26333923 4 35 theme L. 738:739 arg1 26643T 752:757 L. meyeri LMG 26643T 738:757 L. meyeri LMG 26643T 738:757 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the isolate with L. meyeri LMG 26643T, L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T and L. odysseyi DSM 18869T was 41%, 16% and 15%, respectively. 26333923 4 36 with relatedness 706:716 arg1 23493T 781:786 L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T 760:786 L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T 760:786 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the isolate with L. meyeri LMG 26643T, L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T and L. odysseyi DSM 18869T was 41%, 16% and 15%, respectively. 26333923 4 36 with relatedness 706:716 arg1 26643T 752:757 L. meyeri LMG 26643T 738:757 L. meyeri LMG 26643T 738:757 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the isolate with L. meyeri LMG 26643T, L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T and L. odysseyi DSM 18869T was 41%, 16% and 15%, respectively. 26333923 4 36 with relatedness 706:716 arg1 18869T 808:813 L. odysseyi DSM 18869T 792:813 L. odysseyi DSM 18869T 792:813 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the isolate with L. meyeri LMG 26643T, L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T and L. odysseyi DSM 18869T was 41%, 16% and 15%, respectively. 26333923 3 37 theme sequence 500:507 arg1 analysis 470:477 The analysis 466:477 The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence 466:507 The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was most closely related to Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T (98.93%), Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9T (96.95%) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi 34hs-1T (96.94%). 26333923 11 38 theme Lysinibacillus 1605:1618 arg1 sp 1629:1630 Lysinibacillus louembei sp 1605:1630 Lysinibacillus louembei sp 1605:1630 Based on the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterization, it was concluded that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name of Lysinibacillus louembei sp. 26333923 1 39 theme fermented 96:104 arg1 bacterium 50:58 a spore-forming bacterium 34:58 a spore-forming bacterium isolated from Ntoba Mbodi 34:84 nov., a spore-forming bacterium isolated from Ntoba Mbodi, alkaline fermented leaves of cassava from the Republic of the Congo. 26333923 1 39 theme fermented 96:104 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., a spore-forming bacterium isolated from Ntoba Mbodi, alkaline fermented leaves of cassava from the Republic of the Congo. 26333923 2 40 theme bacterium 394:402 arg1 presence 297:304 the presence 293:304 the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) 293:409 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 3 41 dep Lysinibacillus 652:665 arg1 odysseyi 667:674 odysseyi 667:674 odysseyi 667:674 The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was most closely related to Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T (98.93%), Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9T (96.95%) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi 34hs-1T (96.94%). 26333923 11 42 theme louembei 1620:1627 arg1 sp 1629:1630 Lysinibacillus louembei sp 1605:1630 Lysinibacillus louembei sp 1605:1630 Based on the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterization, it was concluded that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name of Lysinibacillus louembei sp. 26333923 3 43 theme Lysinibacillus 604:617 arg1 XDB9T 633:637 Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9T 604:637 Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9T (96.95%) 604:646 The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was most closely related to Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T (98.93%), Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9T (96.95%) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi 34hs-1T (96.94%). 26333923 3 43 theme Lysinibacillus 604:617 arg1 % 645:645 96.95% 640:645 96.95% 640:645 The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was most closely related to Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T (98.93%), Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9T (96.95%) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi 34hs-1T (96.94%). 26333923 3 44 theme Lysinibacillus 563:576 arg1 4626T 588:592 Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T 563:592 Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T (98.93%) 563:601 The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was most closely related to Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T (98.93%), Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9T (96.95%) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi 34hs-1T (96.94%). 26333923 3 44 theme Lysinibacillus 563:576 arg1 % 600:600 98.93% 595:600 98.93% 595:600 The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was most closely related to Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T (98.93%), Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9T (96.95%) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi 34hs-1T (96.94%). 26333923 13 45 theme  = 1658:1659 arg1 NM73T 1651:1655 NM73T 1651:1655 NM73T ( = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T) 1651:1684 NM73T ( = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T) represents the type strain. 26333923 13 45 theme  = 1658:1659 arg1 26837T 1678:1683  = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T 1658:1683  = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T 1658:1683 NM73T ( = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T) represents the type strain. 26333923 2 46 theme endospore-forming 376:392 arg1 NM73 405:408 NM73 405:408 NM73 405:408 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 2 46 theme endospore-forming 376:392 arg1 bacterium 394:402 a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium 309:402 a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) 309:409 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 2 47 theme genotypic 439:447 arg1 characteristics 449:463 unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 416:463 unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 416:463 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 10 48 theme mol 1416:1418 arg1 content 1401:1407 The DNA G+C content 1389:1407 The DNA G+C content 1389:1407 The DNA G+C content was 38 mol%. 26333923 10 48 theme mol 1416:1418 arg1 % 1419:1419 38 mol% 1413:1419 38 mol% 1413:1419 The DNA G+C content was 38 mol%. 26333923 3 49 theme meyeri 578:583 arg1 4626T 588:592 Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T 563:592 Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T (98.93%) 563:601 The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was most closely related to Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T (98.93%), Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9T (96.95%) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi 34hs-1T (96.94%). 26333923 3 49 theme meyeri 578:583 arg1 % 600:600 98.93% 595:600 98.93% 595:600 The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was most closely related to Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T (98.93%), Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9T (96.95%) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi 34hs-1T (96.94%). 26333923 2 50 theme rod-shaped 365:374 arg1 NM73 405:408 NM73 405:408 NM73 405:408 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 2 50 theme rod-shaped 365:374 arg1 bacterium 394:402 a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium 309:402 a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) 309:409 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 13 51 theme 25583T 1665:1670 arg1 NM73T 1651:1655 NM73T 1651:1655 NM73T ( = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T) 1651:1684 NM73T ( = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T) represents the type strain. 26333923 13 51 theme 25583T 1665:1670 arg1 26837T 1678:1683  = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T 1658:1683  = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T 1658:1683 NM73T ( = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T) represents the type strain. 26333923 2 52 theme Mbodi 206:210 arg1 diversity 187:195 the microbial diversity 173:195 the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, 173:282 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 6 53 theme major 1026:1030 arg1 iso-C15:0 1049:1057 iso-C15:0 1049:1057 iso-C15:0 1049:1057 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4α, L-Lys-D-Asp and the major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C17:0 and iso-C17:1ω10c. 26333923 6 53 theme major 1026:1030 arg1 acids 1038:1042 the major fatty acids 1022:1042 the major fatty acids 1022:1042 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4α, L-Lys-D-Asp and the major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C17:0 and iso-C17:1ω10c. 26333923 2 54 theme phenotypic 424:433 arg1 characteristics 449:463 unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 416:463 unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics 416:463 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 11 55 theme genus 1561:1565 arg1 Lysinibacillus 1567:1580 the genus Lysinibacillus 1557:1580 the genus Lysinibacillus 1557:1580 Based on the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterization, it was concluded that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name of Lysinibacillus louembei sp. 26333923 6 56 dep A4α 1001:1003 arg1 L-Lys-D-Asp 1006:1016 L-Lys-D-Asp 1006:1016 L-Lys-D-Asp 1006:1016 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4α, L-Lys-D-Asp and the major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C17:0 and iso-C17:1ω10c. 26333923 3 57 theme 16S 486:488 arg1 rRNA 490:493 the 16S rRNA 482:493 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 482:507 The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was most closely related to Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T (98.93%), Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9T (96.95%) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi 34hs-1T (96.94%). 26333923 2 58 dep cassava 268:274 arg1 leaves 276:281 leaves 276:281 leaves 276:281 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 1 59 theme spore-forming 36:48 arg1 bacterium 50:58 a spore-forming bacterium 34:58 a spore-forming bacterium isolated from Ntoba Mbodi 34:84 nov., a spore-forming bacterium isolated from Ntoba Mbodi, alkaline fermented leaves of cassava from the Republic of the Congo. 26333923 1 59 theme spore-forming 36:48 arg1 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov. 28:31 nov., a spore-forming bacterium isolated from Ntoba Mbodi, alkaline fermented leaves of cassava from the Republic of the Congo. 26333923 9 60 dep detected 1379:1386 arg1 sugar 1373:1377 the only whole-cell sugar 1353:1377 the only whole-cell sugar 1353:1377 Ribose was the only whole-cell sugar detected. 26333923 2 61 theme diversity 187:195 arg1 Investigation 156:168 Investigation 156:168 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, 156:282 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 4 62 theme LMG 748:750 arg1 26643T 752:757 L. meyeri LMG 26643T 738:757 L. meyeri LMG 26643T 738:757 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the isolate with L. meyeri LMG 26643T, L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T and L. odysseyi DSM 18869T was 41%, 16% and 15%, respectively. 26333923 13 63 theme DSM 1661:1663 arg1 NM73T 1651:1655 NM73T 1651:1655 NM73T ( = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T) 1651:1684 NM73T ( = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T) represents the type strain. 26333923 13 63 theme DSM 1661:1663 arg1 26837T 1678:1683  = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T 1658:1683  = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T 1658:1683 NM73T ( = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T) represents the type strain. 26333923 5 64 theme spacer-PCR 876:885 arg1 different 914:922 different 914:922 different 914:922 The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile of the isolate was different from those of closely related bacteria. 26333923 5 64 theme spacer-PCR 876:885 arg1 profile 887:893 The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile 851:893 The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile of the isolate 851:908 The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile of the isolate was different from those of closely related bacteria. 26333923 2 65 theme microbial 177:185 arg1 diversity 187:195 the microbial diversity 173:195 the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, 173:282 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 4 66 theme isolate 725:731 arg1 % 821:821 41% 819:821 41% 819:821 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the isolate with L. meyeri LMG 26643T, L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T and L. odysseyi DSM 18869T was 41%, 16% and 15%, respectively. 26333923 4 66 theme isolate 725:731 arg1 relatedness 706:716 The DNA-DNA relatedness 694:716 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the isolate with L. meyeri LMG 26643T, L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T and L. odysseyi DSM 18869T 694:813 The DNA-DNA relatedness of the isolate with L. meyeri LMG 26643T, L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T and L. odysseyi DSM 18869T was 41%, 16% and 15%, respectively. 26333923 11 67 theme novel 1540:1544 arg1 species 1546:1552 a novel species 1538:1552 a novel species 1538:1552 Based on the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterization, it was concluded that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name of Lysinibacillus louembei sp. 26333923 3 68 theme gene 495:498 arg1 sequence 500:507 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 482:507 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 482:507 The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was most closely related to Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T (98.93%), Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9T (96.95%) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi 34hs-1T (96.94%). 26333923 7 69 theme unknown 1277:1283 arg1 lipids 1285:1290 two unknown lipids 1273:1290 two unknown lipids 1273:1290 The polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoaminolipid, aminolipid, two phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 26333923 7 69 theme unknown 1277:1283 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1148:1171 phosphatidylethanolamine 1148:1171 phosphatidylethanolamine 1148:1171 The polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoaminolipid, aminolipid, two phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 26333923 5 70 theme related 946:952 arg1 bacteria 954:961 closely related bacteria 938:961 closely related bacteria 938:961 The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile of the isolate was different from those of closely related bacteria. 26333923 7 71 theme polar 1126:1130 arg1 lipids 1132:1137 The polar lipids 1122:1137 The polar lipids 1122:1137 The polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoaminolipid, aminolipid, two phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 26333923 5 72 theme transcribed 864:874 arg1 different 914:922 different 914:922 different 914:922 The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile of the isolate was different from those of closely related bacteria. 26333923 5 72 theme transcribed 864:874 arg1 profile 887:893 The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile 851:893 The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile of the isolate 851:908 The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile of the isolate was different from those of closely related bacteria. 26333923 3 73 theme WS 585:586 arg1 4626T 588:592 Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T 563:592 Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T (98.93%) 563:601 The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was most closely related to Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T (98.93%), Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9T (96.95%) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi 34hs-1T (96.94%). 26333923 3 73 theme WS 585:586 arg1 % 600:600 98.93% 595:600 98.93% 595:600 The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was most closely related to Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T (98.93%), Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9T (96.95%) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi 34hs-1T (96.94%). 26333923 3 74 theme rRNA 490:493 arg1 sequence 500:507 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 482:507 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 482:507 The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was most closely related to Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T (98.93%), Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9T (96.95%) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi 34hs-1T (96.94%). 26333923 6 75 theme cell-wall 968:976 arg1 A4α 1001:1003 A4α 1001:1003 A4α 1001:1003 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4α, L-Lys-D-Asp and the major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C17:0 and iso-C17:1ω10c. 26333923 6 75 theme cell-wall 968:976 arg1 type 992:995 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 964:995 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 964:995 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4α, L-Lys-D-Asp and the major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C17:0 and iso-C17:1ω10c. 26333923 5 76 theme internal 855:862 arg1 different 914:922 different 914:922 different 914:922 The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile of the isolate was different from those of closely related bacteria. 26333923 5 76 theme internal 855:862 arg1 profile 887:893 The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile 851:893 The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile of the isolate 851:908 The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile of the isolate was different from those of closely related bacteria. 26333923 2 77 theme African 216:222 arg1 food 224:227 an African food 213:227 an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves 213:281 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 2 77 theme African 216:222 arg1 Mbodi 206:210 Mbodi 206:210 Mbodi 206:210 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 2 78 theme catalase-positive 326:342 arg1 NM73 405:408 NM73 405:408 NM73 405:408 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 2 78 theme catalase-positive 326:342 arg1 bacterium 394:402 a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium 309:402 a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) 309:409 Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. 26333923 3 79 dep Lysinibacillus 604:617 arg1 xylanilyticus 619:631 xylanilyticus 619:631 xylanilyticus 619:631 The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was most closely related to Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T (98.93%), Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9T (96.95%) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi 34hs-1T (96.94%). 27902261 7 0 located detected 1281:1288 arg1 peptidoglycan 1297:1309 the peptidoglycan 1293:1309 the peptidoglycan 1293:1309 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. 27902261 7 0 located detected 1281:1288 arg2 acid 1272:1275 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1252:1275 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1252:1275 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. 27902261 10 1 theme CCTCC 1520:1524 arg1 2011150T 1529:1536 frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T 1503:1536 frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T 1503:1536 frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T were lower than 40 %. 27902261 4 2 theme Paenibacillus 891:903 arg1 15375T 924:929 Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T 891:929 Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %) 891:938 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 2 theme Paenibacillus 891:903 arg1 % 937:937 96.5 % 932:937 96.5 % 932:937 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 8 3 theme G+C 1320:1322 arg1 content 1324:1330 The DNA G+C content 1312:1330 The DNA G+C content 1312:1330 The DNA G+C content was 46.6 mol%. 27902261 8 3 theme G+C 1320:1322 arg1 % 1344:1344 46.6 mol% 1336:1344 46.6 mol% 1336:1344 The DNA G+C content was 46.6 mol%. 27902261 11 4 theme phenotypic 1573:1582 arg1 data 1612:1615 the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1569:1615 the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1569:1615 Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain TEGT-2T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp. 27902261 4 5 theme gene 597:600 arg1 sequences 602:610 16S rRNA gene sequences 588:610 16S rRNA gene sequences 588:610 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 10 6 theme frigoriresistens 1503:1518 arg1 2011150T 1529:1536 frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T 1503:1536 frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T 1503:1536 frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T were lower than 40 %. 27902261 4 7 theme sequence 703:710 arg1 similarity 712:721 the highest sequence similarity 691:721 the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %) 691:938 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 8 theme rRNA 592:595 arg1 sequences 602:610 16S rRNA gene sequences 588:610 16S rRNA gene sequences 588:610 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 13 9 theme 2015258T=KCTC 1810:1822 arg1 33806T 1824:1829 =CCTCC AB 2015258T=KCTC 33806T 1800:1829 =CCTCC AB 2015258T=KCTC 33806T 1800:1829 The type strain is TEGT-2T (=CCTCC AB 2015258T=KCTC 33806T). 27902261 13 9 theme 2015258T=KCTC 1810:1822 arg1 TEGT-2T 1791:1797 TEGT-2T 1791:1797 TEGT-2T (=CCTCC AB 2015258T=KCTC 33806T) 1791:1830 The type strain is TEGT-2T (=CCTCC AB 2015258T=KCTC 33806T). 27902261 11 10 theme genus 1683:1687 arg1 species 1668:1674 a novel species 1660:1674 a novel species 1660:1674 Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain TEGT-2T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp. 27902261 6 11 theme unidentified 1168:1179 arg1 phospholipids 1181:1193 two unidentified phospholipids 1164:1193 two unidentified phospholipids 1164:1193 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. 27902261 1 12 theme acid-producing 56:69 arg1 bacterium 71:79 an indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium 37:79 an indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium 37:79 nov., an indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium isolated from roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying. 27902261 1 12 theme acid-producing 56:69 arg1 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov., an indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium isolated from roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying. 27902261 2 13 theme shaanxi 311:317 arg1 province 319:326 shaanxi province 311:326 shaanxi province 311:326 A novel indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium, designated TEGT-2T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in shaanxi province, northwestern China, and was subjected to a taxonomic study by using a polyphasic approach. 27902261 2 13 theme shaanxi 311:317 arg1 China 342:346 northwestern China 329:346 northwestern China 329:346 A novel indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium, designated TEGT-2T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in shaanxi province, northwestern China, and was subjected to a taxonomic study by using a polyphasic approach. 27902261 9 14 theme 13222T 1477:1482 arg1 relatives 1434:1442 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1409:1442 its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacilluspectinilyticus KCTC 13222T and Paenibacillus 1409:1500 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGT-2T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacilluspectinilyticus KCTC 13222T and Paenibacillus. 27902261 2 15 theme indole-3-acetic 152:166 arg1 bacterium 183:191 A novel indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium 144:191 A novel indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium 144:191 A novel indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium, designated TEGT-2T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in shaanxi province, northwestern China, and was subjected to a taxonomic study by using a polyphasic approach. 27902261 11 16 theme novel 1662:1666 arg1 species 1668:1674 a novel species 1660:1674 a novel species 1660:1674 Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain TEGT-2T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp. 27902261 4 17 theme pectinilyticus 740:753 arg1 13222T 760:765 Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T 726:765 Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %) 726:774 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 17 theme pectinilyticus 740:753 arg1 % 773:773 97.9 % 768:773 97.9 % 768:773 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 2 18 theme novel 146:150 arg1 bacterium 183:191 A novel indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium 144:191 A novel indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium 144:191 A novel indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium, designated TEGT-2T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in shaanxi province, northwestern China, and was subjected to a taxonomic study by using a polyphasic approach. 27902261 4 19 theme ferrarius 850:858 arg1 2013369T 869:876 Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T 836:876 Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) 836:885 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 19 theme ferrarius 850:858 arg1 % 884:884 96.9 % 879:884 96.9 % 879:884 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 11 20 theme phylogenetic 1585:1596 arg1 data 1612:1615 the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1569:1615 the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1569:1615 Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain TEGT-2T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp. 27902261 3 21 theme peritrichous 534:545 arg1 flagella 547:554 peritrichous flagella 534:554 peritrichous flagella 534:554 Cells of strain TEGT-2T were Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming rods and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 27902261 3 22 theme TEGT-2T 436:442 arg1 Cells 420:424 Cells 420:424 Cells of strain TEGT-2T 420:442 Cells of strain TEGT-2T were Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming rods and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 27902261 4 23 theme Paenibacillus 836:848 arg1 2013369T 869:876 Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T 836:876 Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) 836:885 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 23 theme Paenibacillus 836:848 arg1 % 884:884 96.9 % 879:884 96.9 % 879:884 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 11 24 theme strain 1618:1623 arg1 TEGT-2T 1625:1631 strain TEGT-2T 1618:1631 strain TEGT-2T 1618:1631 Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain TEGT-2T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp. 27902261 4 25 theme Paenibacillus 777:789 arg1 2011150T 817:824 Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T 777:824 Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %) 777:833 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 25 theme Paenibacillus 777:789 arg1 % 832:832 97.3 % 827:832 97.3 % 827:832 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 2 26 attach isolated 218:225 arg1 roots 236:240 the roots 232:240 the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in shaanxi province, northwestern China 232:346 A novel indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium, designated TEGT-2T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in shaanxi province, northwestern China, and was subjected to a taxonomic study by using a polyphasic approach. 27902261 2 26 attach isolated 218:225 arg2 bacterium 183:191 A novel indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium 144:191 A novel indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium 144:191 A novel indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium, designated TEGT-2T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in shaanxi province, northwestern China, and was subjected to a taxonomic study by using a polyphasic approach. 27902261 0 27 theme qinlingensis 14:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp 0:28 Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp. 0:29 Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp. 27902261 9 28 theme strain 1378:1383 arg1 TEGT-2T 1385:1391 strain TEGT-2T 1378:1391 strain TEGT-2T 1378:1391 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGT-2T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacilluspectinilyticus KCTC 13222T and Paenibacillus. 27902261 4 29 theme AB 866:867 arg1 2013369T 869:876 Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T 836:876 Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) 836:885 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 29 theme AB 866:867 arg1 % 884:884 96.9 % 879:884 96.9 % 879:884 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 2 30 theme northwestern 329:340 arg1 province 319:326 shaanxi province 311:326 shaanxi province 311:326 A novel indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium, designated TEGT-2T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in shaanxi province, northwestern China, and was subjected to a taxonomic study by using a polyphasic approach. 27902261 2 30 theme northwestern 329:340 arg1 China 342:346 northwestern China 329:346 northwestern China 329:346 A novel indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium, designated TEGT-2T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in shaanxi province, northwestern China, and was subjected to a taxonomic study by using a polyphasic approach. 27902261 11 31 theme name 1718:1721 arg1 sp 1750:1751 the name Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp 1714:1751 the name Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp 1714:1751 Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain TEGT-2T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp. 27902261 6 32 theme major 1031:1035 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1055:1076 diphosphatidylglycerol 1055:1076 diphosphatidylglycerol 1055:1076 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. 27902261 6 32 theme major 1031:1035 arg1 lipids 1043:1048 The major polar lipids 1027:1048 The major polar lipids 1027:1048 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. 27902261 0 33 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 27:28 Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp 0:28 Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp. 0:29 Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp. 27902261 9 34 theme relatedness 1355:1365 arg1 values 1367:1372 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1347:1372 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGT-2T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacilluspectinilyticus KCTC 13222T and Paenibacillus. 1347:1501 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGT-2T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacilluspectinilyticus KCTC 13222T and Paenibacillus. 27902261 4 35 theme CCTCC 860:864 arg1 2013369T 869:876 Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T 836:876 Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) 836:885 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 35 theme CCTCC 860:864 arg1 % 884:884 96.9 % 879:884 96.9 % 879:884 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 3 36 theme strain 429:434 arg1 TEGT-2T 436:442 strain TEGT-2T 429:442 strain TEGT-2T 429:442 Cells of strain TEGT-2T were Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming rods and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 27902261 13 37 theme =CCTCC 1800:1805 arg1 33806T 1824:1829 =CCTCC AB 2015258T=KCTC 33806T 1800:1829 =CCTCC AB 2015258T=KCTC 33806T 1800:1829 The type strain is TEGT-2T (=CCTCC AB 2015258T=KCTC 33806T). 27902261 13 37 theme =CCTCC 1800:1805 arg1 TEGT-2T 1791:1797 TEGT-2T 1791:1797 TEGT-2T (=CCTCC AB 2015258T=KCTC 33806T) 1791:1830 The type strain is TEGT-2T (=CCTCC AB 2015258T=KCTC 33806T). 27902261 6 38 theme polar 1037:1041 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1055:1076 diphosphatidylglycerol 1055:1076 diphosphatidylglycerol 1055:1076 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. 27902261 6 38 theme polar 1037:1041 arg1 lipids 1043:1048 The major polar lipids 1027:1048 The major polar lipids 1027:1048 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. 27902261 9 39 theme Paenibacillus 1488:1500 arg1 relatives 1434:1442 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1409:1442 its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacilluspectinilyticus KCTC 13222T and Paenibacillus 1409:1500 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGT-2T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacilluspectinilyticus KCTC 13222T and Paenibacillus. 27902261 1 40 theme Sinopodophyllum 104:118 arg1 Ying 138:141 Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying 104:141 Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying 104:141 nov., an indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium isolated from roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying. 27902261 10 41 theme AB 1526:1527 arg1 2011150T 1529:1536 frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T 1503:1536 frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T 1503:1536 frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T were lower than 40 %. 27902261 5 42 theme only 945:948 arg1 menaquinone 950:960 The only menaquinone 941:960 The only menaquinone detected 941:969 The only menaquinone detected was MK-7, and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 27902261 5 42 theme only 945:948 arg1 MK-7 975:978 MK-7 975:978 MK-7 975:978 The only menaquinone detected was MK-7, and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 27902261 13 43 theme AB 1807:1808 arg1 33806T 1824:1829 =CCTCC AB 2015258T=KCTC 33806T 1800:1829 =CCTCC AB 2015258T=KCTC 33806T 1800:1829 The type strain is TEGT-2T (=CCTCC AB 2015258T=KCTC 33806T). 27902261 13 43 theme AB 1807:1808 arg1 TEGT-2T 1791:1797 TEGT-2T 1791:1797 TEGT-2T (=CCTCC AB 2015258T=KCTC 33806T) 1791:1830 The type strain is TEGT-2T (=CCTCC AB 2015258T=KCTC 33806T). 27902261 4 44 theme 16S 588:590 arg1 sequences 602:610 16S rRNA gene sequences 588:610 16S rRNA gene sequences 588:610 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 45 theme NBRC 919:922 arg1 15375T 924:929 Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T 891:929 Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %) 891:938 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 45 theme NBRC 919:922 arg1 % 937:937 96.5 % 932:937 96.5 % 932:937 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 1 46 theme hexandrum 120:128 arg1 Ying 138:141 Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying 104:141 Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying 104:141 nov., an indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium isolated from roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying. 27902261 4 47 theme highest 695:701 arg1 similarity 712:721 the highest sequence similarity 691:721 the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %) 691:938 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 8 48 theme DNA 1316:1318 arg1 content 1324:1330 The DNA G+C content 1312:1330 The DNA G+C content 1312:1330 The DNA G+C content was 46.6 mol%. 27902261 8 48 theme DNA 1316:1318 arg1 % 1344:1344 46.6 mol% 1336:1344 46.6 mol% 1336:1344 The DNA G+C content was 46.6 mol%. 27902261 5 49 dep MK-7 975:978 arg1  0 1023:1024  0 1023:1024  0 1023:1024 The only menaquinone detected was MK-7, and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 27902261 5 50 theme major 989:993 arg1 anteiso-C15  1010:1021 anteiso-C15  1010:1021 anteiso-C15  1010:1021 The only menaquinone detected was MK-7, and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 27902261 5 50 theme major 989:993 arg1 acid 1001:1004 the major fatty acid 985:1004 the major fatty acid 985:1004 The only menaquinone detected was MK-7, and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 27902261 3 51 theme Gram-stain-positive 449:467 arg1 rods 506:509 Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming rods 449:509 Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming rods 449:509 Cells of strain TEGT-2T were Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming rods and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 27902261 4 52 theme Paenibacillus 665:677 arg1 genus 659:663 the genus Paenibacillus 655:677 the genus Paenibacillus 655:677 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 13 53 theme type 1776:1779 arg1 strain 1781:1786 The type strain 1772:1786 The type strain 1772:1786 The type strain is TEGT-2T (=CCTCC AB 2015258T=KCTC 33806T). 27902261 13 53 theme type 1776:1779 arg1 TEGT-2T 1791:1797 TEGT-2T 1791:1797 TEGT-2T (=CCTCC AB 2015258T=KCTC 33806T) 1791:1830 The type strain is TEGT-2T (=CCTCC AB 2015258T=KCTC 33806T). 27902261 11 54 theme Paenibacillus 1723:1735 arg1 sp 1750:1751 the name Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp 1714:1751 the name Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp 1714:1751 Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain TEGT-2T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp. 27902261 5 55 theme fatty 995:999 arg1 anteiso-C15  1010:1021 anteiso-C15  1010:1021 anteiso-C15  1010:1021 The only menaquinone detected was MK-7, and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 27902261 5 55 theme fatty 995:999 arg1 acid 1001:1004 the major fatty acid 985:1004 the major fatty acid 985:1004 The only menaquinone detected was MK-7, and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. 27902261 2 56 theme polyphasic 399:408 arg1 approach 410:417 a polyphasic approach 397:417 a polyphasic approach 397:417 A novel indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium, designated TEGT-2T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in shaanxi province, northwestern China, and was subjected to a taxonomic study by using a polyphasic approach. 27902261 2 57 theme acid-producing 168:181 arg1 bacterium 183:191 A novel indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium 144:191 A novel indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium 144:191 A novel indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium, designated TEGT-2T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in shaanxi province, northwestern China, and was subjected to a taxonomic study by using a polyphasic approach. 27902261 4 58 theme Paenibacillus 726:738 arg1 13222T 760:765 Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T 726:765 Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %) 726:774 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 58 theme Paenibacillus 726:738 arg1 % 773:773 97.9 % 768:773 97.9 % 768:773 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 59 theme Phylogenetic 557:568 arg1 analyses 570:577 Phylogenetic analyses 557:577 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 557:610 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 11 60 theme Paenibacillus 1689:1701 arg1 genus 1683:1687 the genus Paenibacillus 1679:1701 the genus Paenibacillus 1679:1701 Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain TEGT-2T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp. 27902261 6 61 theme unidentified 1231:1242 arg1 lipids 1244:1249 two unidentified lipids 1227:1249 two unidentified lipids 1227:1249 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. 27902261 1 62 theme Royle 131:135 arg1 Ying 138:141 Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying 104:141 Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying 104:141 nov., an indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium isolated from roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying. 27902261 6 63 theme unidentified 1199:1210 arg1 aminolipid 1212:1221 an unidentified aminolipid 1196:1221 an unidentified aminolipid 1196:1221 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. 27902261 4 64 theme alginolyticus 905:917 arg1 15375T 924:929 Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T 891:929 Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %) 891:938 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 64 theme alginolyticus 905:917 arg1 % 937:937 96.5 % 932:937 96.5 % 932:937 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 65 theme AB 814:815 arg1 2011150T 817:824 Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T 777:824 Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %) 777:833 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 65 theme AB 814:815 arg1 % 832:832 97.3 % 827:832 97.3 % 827:832 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 3 66 dep Gram-stain-positive 449:467 arg1 endospore-forming 488:504 endospore-forming 488:504 endospore-forming 488:504 Cells of strain TEGT-2T were Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming rods and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 27902261 3 66 dep Gram-stain-positive 449:467 arg1 aerobic 479:485 aerobic 479:485 aerobic 479:485 Cells of strain TEGT-2T were Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming rods and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 27902261 11 67 theme genotypic 1602:1610 arg1 data 1612:1615 the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1569:1615 the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1569:1615 Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain TEGT-2T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp. 27902261 4 68 theme KCTC 755:758 arg1 13222T 760:765 Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T 726:765 Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %) 726:774 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 68 theme KCTC 755:758 arg1 % 773:773 97.9 % 768:773 97.9 % 768:773 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 69 theme strain 624:629 arg1 TEGT-2T 631:637 strain TEGT-2T 624:637 strain TEGT-2T 624:637 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 69 theme strain 624:629 arg1 member 645:650 a member 643:650 a member of the genus Paenibacillus 643:677 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 70 theme frigoriresistens 791:806 arg1 2011150T 817:824 Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T 777:824 Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %) 777:833 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 70 theme frigoriresistens 791:806 arg1 % 832:832 97.3 % 827:832 97.3 % 827:832 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 71 theme CCTCC 808:812 arg1 2011150T 817:824 Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T 777:824 Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %) 777:833 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 71 theme CCTCC 808:812 arg1 % 832:832 97.3 % 827:832 97.3 % 827:832 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 1 72 theme Ying 138:141 arg1 roots 95:99 roots 95:99 roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying 95:141 nov., an indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium isolated from roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying. 27902261 9 73 theme closest 1413:1419 arg1 relatives 1434:1442 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1409:1442 its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacilluspectinilyticus KCTC 13222T and Paenibacillus 1409:1500 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGT-2T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacilluspectinilyticus KCTC 13222T and Paenibacillus. 27902261 9 74 theme DNA-DNA 1347:1353 arg1 values 1367:1372 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1347:1372 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGT-2T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacilluspectinilyticus KCTC 13222T and Paenibacillus. 1347:1501 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGT-2T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacilluspectinilyticus KCTC 13222T and Paenibacillus. 27902261 2 75 theme hexandrum 261:269 arg1 roots 236:240 the roots 232:240 the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in shaanxi province, northwestern China 232:346 A novel indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium, designated TEGT-2T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in shaanxi province, northwestern China, and was subjected to a taxonomic study by using a polyphasic approach. 27902261 2 76 theme taxonomic 372:380 arg1 study 382:386 a taxonomic study 370:386 a taxonomic study 370:386 A novel indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium, designated TEGT-2T, was isolated from the roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in shaanxi province, northwestern China, and was subjected to a taxonomic study by using a polyphasic approach. 27902261 4 77 theme genus 659:663 arg1 TEGT-2T 631:637 strain TEGT-2T 624:637 strain TEGT-2T 624:637 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 4 77 theme genus 659:663 arg1 member 645:650 a member 643:650 a member of the genus Paenibacillus 643:677 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEGT-2T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus pectinilyticus KCTC 13222T (97.9 %), Paenibacillus frigoriresistens CCTCC AB 2011150T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus ferrarius CCTCC AB 2013369T (96.9 %) and Paenibacillus alginolyticus NBRC 15375T (96.5 %). 27902261 9 78 theme phylogenetic 1421:1432 arg1 relatives 1434:1442 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1409:1442 its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacilluspectinilyticus KCTC 13222T and Paenibacillus 1409:1500 DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain TEGT-2T with respect to its closest phylogenetic relatives Paenibacilluspectinilyticus KCTC 13222T and Paenibacillus. 27902261 7 79 theme meso-Diaminopimelic 1252:1270 arg1 acid 1272:1275 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1252:1275 meso-Diaminopimelic acid 1252:1275 meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. 27902261 6 80 theme unidentified 1131:1142 arg1 aminophospholipids 1144:1161 two unidentified aminophospholipids 1127:1161 two unidentified aminophospholipids 1127:1161 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. 27902261 1 81 theme indole-3-acetic 40:54 arg1 bacterium 71:79 an indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium 37:79 an indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium 37:79 nov., an indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium isolated from roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying. 27902261 1 81 theme indole-3-acetic 40:54 arg1 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov., an indole-3-acetic acid-producing bacterium isolated from roots of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying. 27902261 8 82 theme 46.6 mol 1336:1343 arg1 content 1324:1330 The DNA G+C content 1312:1330 The DNA G+C content 1312:1330 The DNA G+C content was 46.6 mol%. 27902261 8 82 theme 46.6 mol 1336:1343 arg1 % 1344:1344 46.6 mol% 1336:1344 46.6 mol% 1336:1344 The DNA G+C content was 46.6 mol%. 27902261 11 83 theme qinlingensis 1737:1748 arg1 sp 1750:1751 the name Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp 1714:1751 the name Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp 1714:1751 Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain TEGT-2T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus qinlingensis sp. 25833153 9 0 theme novel 1137:1141 arg1 species 1143:1149 a novel species 1135:1149 a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus lycopersici sp 1135:1218 According to distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain CC-Bw-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus lycopersici sp. 25833153 6 1 contain possess 526:532 arg1 CC-Bw-5 497:503 Strain CC-Bw-5 490:503 Strain CC-Bw-5(T) 490:506 Strain CC-Bw-5(T) was determined to possess C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as predominant fatty acids. 25833153 6 1 contain possess 526:532 arg2 C16 534:536 C16 534:536 C16 534:536 Strain CC-Bw-5(T) was determined to possess C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as predominant fatty acids. 25833153 6 1 contain possess 526:532 arg2 acids 622:626 predominant fatty acids 604:626 predominant fatty acids 604:626 Strain CC-Bw-5(T) was determined to possess C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as predominant fatty acids. 25833153 6 1 contain possess 526:532 arg1 T 505:505 T 505:505 T 505:505 Strain CC-Bw-5(T) was determined to possess C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as predominant fatty acids. 25833153 7 2 theme unidentified 798:809 arg1 glycolipids 811:821 two unidentified glycolipids 794:821 two unidentified glycolipids 794:821 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 3 theme predominant 666:676 arg1 glycolipids 811:821 two unidentified glycolipids 794:821 two unidentified glycolipids 794:821 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 3 theme predominant 666:676 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 3 theme predominant 666:676 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 3 theme predominant 666:676 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 873:889 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 857:889 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 857:889 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 3 theme predominant 666:676 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 3 theme predominant 666:676 arg1 phospholipid 840:851 an unidentified phospholipid 824:851 an unidentified phospholipid 824:851 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 3 theme predominant 666:676 arg1 amounts 678:684 predominant amounts 666:684 predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol 666:710 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 2 4 attach isolated 185:192 arg2 bacterium 140:148 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium 87:148 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain CC-Bw-5(T)) 87:179 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain CC-Bw-5(T)) was isolated from chopped tomato stems. 25833153 2 4 attach isolated 185:192 arg1 stems 214:218 chopped tomato stems 199:218 chopped tomato stems 199:218 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain CC-Bw-5(T)) was isolated from chopped tomato stems. 25833153 2 4 attach isolated 185:192 arg2 CC-Bw-5 169:175 designated strain CC-Bw-5 151:175 designated strain CC-Bw-5(T) 151:178 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain CC-Bw-5(T)) was isolated from chopped tomato stems. 25833153 8 5 theme respiratory 995:1005 arg1 quinone 1007:1013 the predominant respiratory quinone 979:1013 the predominant respiratory quinone 979:1013 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid; menaquinone (MK-7) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25833153 8 5 theme respiratory 995:1005 arg1 menaquinone 956:966 menaquinone 956:966 menaquinone (MK-7) 956:973 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid; menaquinone (MK-7) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25833153 6 6 theme predominant 604:614 arg1 C16 534:536 C16 534:536 C16 534:536 Strain CC-Bw-5(T) was determined to possess C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as predominant fatty acids. 25833153 6 6 theme predominant 604:614 arg1 acids 622:626 predominant fatty acids 604:626 predominant fatty acids 604:626 Strain CC-Bw-5(T) was determined to possess C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as predominant fatty acids. 25833153 4 7 theme related 308:314 arg1 strains 316:322 The most closely related strains 291:322 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 291:368 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus isabeliae (95.3%) and Bacillus oleronius (95.3%). 25833153 4 7 theme related 308:314 arg1 isabeliae 384:392 Bacillus isabeliae 375:392 Bacillus isabeliae (95.3%) 375:400 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus isabeliae (95.3%) and Bacillus oleronius (95.3%). 25833153 4 8 theme sequence 350:357 arg1 similarity 359:368 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 336:368 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 336:368 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus isabeliae (95.3%) and Bacillus oleronius (95.3%). 25833153 9 9 theme phenotypic 1052:1061 arg1 features 1082:1089 distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features 1029:1089 distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features 1029:1089 According to distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain CC-Bw-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus lycopersici sp. 25833153 9 10 theme distinct 1029:1036 arg1 features 1082:1089 distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features 1029:1089 distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features 1029:1089 According to distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain CC-Bw-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus lycopersici sp. 25833153 1 11 theme tomato 47:52 arg1 plant 54:58 a tomato plant 45:58 a tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.) 45:84 nov., isolated from a tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.). 25833153 1 11 theme tomato 47:52 arg1 L 82:82 Solanum lycopersicum L. 61:83 Solanum lycopersicum L. 61:83 nov., isolated from a tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.). 25833153 7 12 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 arg1 glycolipids 811:821 two unidentified glycolipids 794:821 two unidentified glycolipids 794:821 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 12 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 12 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 12 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 873:889 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 857:889 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 857:889 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 12 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 12 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 arg1 phospholipid 840:851 an unidentified phospholipid 824:851 an unidentified phospholipid 824:851 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 12 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 arg1 amounts 735:741 moderate-to-trace amounts 717:741 moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 717:889 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 12 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 arg1 amounts 678:684 predominant amounts 666:684 predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol 666:710 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 4 13 from strains 316:322 arg1 terms 327:331 terms 327:331 terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 327:368 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus isabeliae (95.3%) and Bacillus oleronius (95.3%). 25833153 7 14 theme polar 633:637 arg1 profile 645:651 The polar lipid profile 629:651 The polar lipid profile 629:651 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 3 15 theme % 277:277 arg1 NaCl 285:288 tolerated 6% (w/v) NaCl 266:288 tolerated 6% (w/v) NaCl 266:288 The isolate grew at 20-40 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and tolerated 6% (w/v) NaCl. 25833153 8 16 theme cell-wall 896:904 arg1 peptidoglycan 906:918 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 892:918 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 892:918 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid; menaquinone (MK-7) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25833153 5 17 theme ± 478:478 arg1 % 487:487 37.2 ± 3.6 mol% 473:487 37.2 ± 3.6 mol% 473:487 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.2 ± 3.6 mol%. 25833153 5 17 theme ± 478:478 arg1 content 442:448 The G+C content 434:448 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 434:467 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.2 ± 3.6 mol%. 25833153 7 18 theme lipid 639:643 arg1 profile 645:651 The polar lipid profile 629:651 The polar lipid profile 629:651 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 9 19 theme phylogenetic 1038:1049 arg1 features 1082:1089 distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features 1029:1089 distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features 1029:1089 According to distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain CC-Bw-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus lycopersici sp. 25833153 5 20 theme mol 484:486 arg1 % 487:487 37.2 ± 3.6 mol% 473:487 37.2 ± 3.6 mol% 473:487 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.2 ± 3.6 mol%. 25833153 5 20 theme mol 484:486 arg1 content 442:448 The G+C content 434:448 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 434:467 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.2 ± 3.6 mol%. 25833153 9 21 theme chemotaxonomic 1067:1080 arg1 features 1082:1089 distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features 1029:1089 distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features 1029:1089 According to distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain CC-Bw-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus lycopersici sp. 25833153 8 22 contain contained 920:928 arg1 peptidoglycan 906:918 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 892:918 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 892:918 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid; menaquinone (MK-7) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25833153 8 22 contain contained 920:928 arg2 acid 950:953 meso-diaminopimelic acid 930:953 meso-diaminopimelic acid 930:953 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid; menaquinone (MK-7) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25833153 0 23 theme lycopersici 9:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Bacillus lycopersici sp 0:22 Bacillus lycopersici sp. 0:23 Bacillus lycopersici sp. 25833153 8 24 theme predominant 983:993 arg1 quinone 1007:1013 the predominant respiratory quinone 979:1013 the predominant respiratory quinone 979:1013 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid; menaquinone (MK-7) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25833153 8 24 theme predominant 983:993 arg1 menaquinone 956:966 menaquinone 956:966 menaquinone (MK-7) 956:973 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid; menaquinone (MK-7) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25833153 1 25 theme Solanum 61:67 arg1 plant 54:58 a tomato plant 45:58 a tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.) 45:84 nov., isolated from a tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.). 25833153 1 25 theme Solanum 61:67 arg1 L 82:82 Solanum lycopersicum L. 61:83 Solanum lycopersicum L. 61:83 nov., isolated from a tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.). 25833153 0 26 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 21:22 Bacillus lycopersici sp 0:22 Bacillus lycopersici sp. 0:23 Bacillus lycopersici sp. 25833153 1 27 theme lycopersicum 69:80 arg1 plant 54:58 a tomato plant 45:58 a tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.) 45:84 nov., isolated from a tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.). 25833153 1 27 theme lycopersicum 69:80 arg1 L 82:82 Solanum lycopersicum L. 61:83 Solanum lycopersicum L. 61:83 nov., isolated from a tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.). 25833153 11 28 theme 80623 1278:1282 arg1 T 1299:1299 T 1299:1299 T 1299:1299 The type strain is CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)). 25833153 11 28 theme 80623 1278:1282 arg1 19140 1293:1297  = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140 1270:1297  = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T) 1270:1300 The type strain is CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)). 25833153 11 28 theme 80623 1278:1282 arg1 CC-Bw-5 1258:1264 CC-Bw-5 1258:1264 CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)) 1258:1301 The type strain is CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)). 25833153 4 29 theme gene 345:348 arg1 similarity 359:368 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 336:368 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 336:368 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus isabeliae (95.3%) and Bacillus oleronius (95.3%). 25833153 5 30 theme genomic 457:463 arg1 DNA 465:467 the genomic DNA 453:467 the genomic DNA 453:467 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.2 ± 3.6 mol%. 25833153 5 31 theme DNA 465:467 arg1 % 487:487 37.2 ± 3.6 mol% 473:487 37.2 ± 3.6 mol% 473:487 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.2 ± 3.6 mol%. 25833153 5 31 theme DNA 465:467 arg1 content 442:448 The G+C content 434:448 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 434:467 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.2 ± 3.6 mol%. 25833153 8 32 theme meso-diaminopimelic 930:948 arg1 acid 950:953 meso-diaminopimelic acid 930:953 meso-diaminopimelic acid 930:953 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid; menaquinone (MK-7) was the predominant respiratory quinone. 25833153 2 33 theme strain 162:167 arg1 bacterium 140:148 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium 87:148 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain CC-Bw-5(T)) 87:179 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain CC-Bw-5(T)) was isolated from chopped tomato stems. 25833153 2 33 theme strain 162:167 arg1 T 177:177 T 177:177 T 177:177 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain CC-Bw-5(T)) was isolated from chopped tomato stems. 25833153 2 33 theme strain 162:167 arg1 CC-Bw-5 169:175 designated strain CC-Bw-5 151:175 designated strain CC-Bw-5(T) 151:178 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain CC-Bw-5(T)) was isolated from chopped tomato stems. 25833153 11 34 theme  = 1270:1271 arg1 T 1299:1299 T 1299:1299 T 1299:1299 The type strain is CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)). 25833153 11 34 theme  = 1270:1271 arg1 19140 1293:1297  = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140 1270:1297  = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T) 1270:1300 The type strain is CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)). 25833153 11 34 theme  = 1270:1271 arg1 CC-Bw-5 1258:1264 CC-Bw-5 1258:1264 CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)) 1258:1301 The type strain is CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)). 25833153 9 35 theme Bacillus 1196:1203 arg1 sp 1217:1218 Bacillus lycopersici sp 1196:1218 the name Bacillus lycopersici sp 1187:1218 According to distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain CC-Bw-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus lycopersici sp. 25833153 2 36 theme designated 151:160 arg1 bacterium 140:148 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium 87:148 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain CC-Bw-5(T)) 87:179 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain CC-Bw-5(T)) was isolated from chopped tomato stems. 25833153 2 36 theme designated 151:160 arg1 T 177:177 T 177:177 T 177:177 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain CC-Bw-5(T)) was isolated from chopped tomato stems. 25833153 2 36 theme designated 151:160 arg1 CC-Bw-5 169:175 designated strain CC-Bw-5 151:175 designated strain CC-Bw-5(T) 151:178 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain CC-Bw-5(T)) was isolated from chopped tomato stems. 25833153 11 37 theme BCRC 1273:1276 arg1 T 1299:1299 T 1299:1299 T 1299:1299 The type strain is CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)). 25833153 11 37 theme BCRC 1273:1276 arg1 19140 1293:1297  = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140 1270:1297  = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T) 1270:1300 The type strain is CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)). 25833153 11 37 theme BCRC 1273:1276 arg1 CC-Bw-5 1258:1264 CC-Bw-5 1258:1264 CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)) 1258:1301 The type strain is CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)). 25833153 11 38 theme  = 1286:1287 arg1 T 1299:1299 T 1299:1299 T 1299:1299 The type strain is CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)). 25833153 11 38 theme  = 1286:1287 arg1 19140 1293:1297  = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140 1270:1297  = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T) 1270:1300 The type strain is CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)). 25833153 11 38 theme  = 1286:1287 arg1 CC-Bw-5 1258:1264 CC-Bw-5 1258:1264 CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)) 1258:1301 The type strain is CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)). 25833153 9 39 theme lycopersici 1205:1215 arg1 sp 1217:1218 Bacillus lycopersici sp 1196:1218 the name Bacillus lycopersici sp 1187:1218 According to distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain CC-Bw-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus lycopersici sp. 25833153 7 40 theme phospholipid 840:851 arg1 glycolipids 811:821 two unidentified glycolipids 794:821 two unidentified glycolipids 794:821 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 40 theme phospholipid 840:851 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 40 theme phospholipid 840:851 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 40 theme phospholipid 840:851 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 873:889 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 857:889 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 857:889 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 40 theme phospholipid 840:851 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 40 theme phospholipid 840:851 arg1 phospholipid 840:851 an unidentified phospholipid 824:851 an unidentified phospholipid 824:851 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 40 theme phospholipid 840:851 arg1 amounts 735:741 moderate-to-trace amounts 717:741 moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 717:889 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 40 theme phospholipid 840:851 arg1 amounts 678:684 predominant amounts 666:684 predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol 666:710 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 9 41 dep genus 1162:1166 arg1 Bacillus 1168:1175 the genus Bacillus 1158:1175 the genus Bacillus 1158:1175 According to distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain CC-Bw-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus lycopersici sp. 25833153 7 42 theme phosphoglycolipid 873:889 arg1 glycolipids 811:821 two unidentified glycolipids 794:821 two unidentified glycolipids 794:821 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 42 theme phosphoglycolipid 873:889 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 42 theme phosphoglycolipid 873:889 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 42 theme phosphoglycolipid 873:889 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 873:889 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 857:889 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 857:889 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 42 theme phosphoglycolipid 873:889 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 42 theme phosphoglycolipid 873:889 arg1 phospholipid 840:851 an unidentified phospholipid 824:851 an unidentified phospholipid 824:851 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 42 theme phosphoglycolipid 873:889 arg1 amounts 735:741 moderate-to-trace amounts 717:741 moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 717:889 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 42 theme phosphoglycolipid 873:889 arg1 amounts 678:684 predominant amounts 666:684 predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol 666:710 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 4 43 theme similarity 359:368 arg1 terms 327:331 terms 327:331 terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 327:368 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus isabeliae (95.3%) and Bacillus oleronius (95.3%). 25833153 9 44 theme strain 1092:1097 arg1 T 1107:1107 T 1107:1107 T 1107:1107 According to distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain CC-Bw-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus lycopersici sp. 25833153 9 44 theme strain 1092:1097 arg1 CC-Bw-5 1099:1105 strain CC-Bw-5 1092:1105 strain CC-Bw-5(T) 1092:1108 According to distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain CC-Bw-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus lycopersici sp. 25833153 2 45 dep Gram-stain-positive 89:107 arg1 rod-shaped 110:119 rod-shaped 110:119 rod-shaped 110:119 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain CC-Bw-5(T)) was isolated from chopped tomato stems. 25833153 2 45 dep Gram-stain-positive 89:107 arg1 endospore-forming 122:138 endospore-forming 122:138 endospore-forming 122:138 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain CC-Bw-5(T)) was isolated from chopped tomato stems. 25833153 9 46 dep name 1191:1194 arg1 sp 1217:1218 Bacillus lycopersici sp 1196:1218 the name Bacillus lycopersici sp 1187:1218 According to distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain CC-Bw-5(T) is proposed to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus lycopersici sp. 25833153 7 47 theme unidentified 827:838 arg1 phospholipid 840:851 an unidentified phospholipid 824:851 an unidentified phospholipid 824:851 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 48 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 arg1 glycolipids 811:821 two unidentified glycolipids 794:821 two unidentified glycolipids 794:821 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 48 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 48 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 48 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 873:889 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 857:889 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 857:889 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 48 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 48 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 arg1 phospholipid 840:851 an unidentified phospholipid 824:851 an unidentified phospholipid 824:851 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 48 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 arg1 amounts 735:741 moderate-to-trace amounts 717:741 moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 717:889 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 48 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 arg1 amounts 678:684 predominant amounts 666:684 predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol 666:710 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 49 theme moderate-to-trace 717:733 arg1 glycolipids 811:821 two unidentified glycolipids 794:821 two unidentified glycolipids 794:821 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 49 theme moderate-to-trace 717:733 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 49 theme moderate-to-trace 717:733 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 49 theme moderate-to-trace 717:733 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 873:889 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 857:889 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 857:889 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 49 theme moderate-to-trace 717:733 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 49 theme moderate-to-trace 717:733 arg1 phospholipid 840:851 an unidentified phospholipid 824:851 an unidentified phospholipid 824:851 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 49 theme moderate-to-trace 717:733 arg1 amounts 735:741 moderate-to-trace amounts 717:741 moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 717:889 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 6 50 theme fatty 616:620 arg1 C16 534:536 C16 534:536 C16 534:536 Strain CC-Bw-5(T) was determined to possess C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as predominant fatty acids. 25833153 6 50 theme fatty 616:620 arg1 acids 622:626 predominant fatty acids 604:626 predominant fatty acids 604:626 Strain CC-Bw-5(T) was determined to possess C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as predominant fatty acids. 25833153 5 51 theme G+C 438:440 arg1 % 487:487 37.2 ± 3.6 mol% 473:487 37.2 ± 3.6 mol% 473:487 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.2 ± 3.6 mol%. 25833153 5 51 theme G+C 438:440 arg1 content 442:448 The G+C content 434:448 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 434:467 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.2 ± 3.6 mol%. 25833153 11 52 theme JCM 1289:1291 arg1 T 1299:1299 T 1299:1299 T 1299:1299 The type strain is CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)). 25833153 11 52 theme JCM 1289:1291 arg1 19140 1293:1297  = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140 1270:1297  = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T) 1270:1300 The type strain is CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)). 25833153 11 52 theme JCM 1289:1291 arg1 CC-Bw-5 1258:1264 CC-Bw-5 1258:1264 CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)) 1258:1301 The type strain is CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)). 25833153 7 53 theme unidentified 860:871 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 873:889 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 857:889 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 857:889 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 4 54 theme rRNA 340:343 arg1 similarity 359:368 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 336:368 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 336:368 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus isabeliae (95.3%) and Bacillus oleronius (95.3%). 25833153 7 55 theme glycolipids 811:821 arg1 glycolipids 811:821 two unidentified glycolipids 794:821 two unidentified glycolipids 794:821 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 55 theme glycolipids 811:821 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 55 theme glycolipids 811:821 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 55 theme glycolipids 811:821 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 873:889 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 857:889 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 857:889 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 55 theme glycolipids 811:821 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 55 theme glycolipids 811:821 arg1 phospholipid 840:851 an unidentified phospholipid 824:851 an unidentified phospholipid 824:851 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 55 theme glycolipids 811:821 arg1 amounts 735:741 moderate-to-trace amounts 717:741 moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 717:889 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 55 theme glycolipids 811:821 arg1 amounts 678:684 predominant amounts 666:684 predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol 666:710 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 6 56 dep 0 553:553 arg1 0 583:583 0 583:583 0 583:583 Strain CC-Bw-5(T) was determined to possess C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as predominant fatty acids. 25833153 6 56 dep 0 553:553 arg1 0 566:566 0 566:566 0 566:566 Strain CC-Bw-5(T) was determined to possess C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as predominant fatty acids. 25833153 11 57 theme T 1284:1284 arg1 T 1299:1299 T 1299:1299 T 1299:1299 The type strain is CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)). 25833153 11 57 theme T 1284:1284 arg1 19140 1293:1297  = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140 1270:1297  = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T) 1270:1300 The type strain is CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)). 25833153 11 57 theme T 1284:1284 arg1 CC-Bw-5 1258:1264 CC-Bw-5 1258:1264 CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)) 1258:1301 The type strain is CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)). 25833153 3 58 theme tolerated 266:274 arg1 NaCl 285:288 tolerated 6% (w/v) NaCl 266:288 tolerated 6% (w/v) NaCl 266:288 The isolate grew at 20-40 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and tolerated 6% (w/v) NaCl. 25833153 4 59 theme 16S 336:338 arg1 similarity 359:368 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 336:368 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 336:368 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus isabeliae (95.3%) and Bacillus oleronius (95.3%). 25833153 2 60 theme tomato 207:212 arg1 stems 214:218 chopped tomato stems 199:218 chopped tomato stems 199:218 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain CC-Bw-5(T)) was isolated from chopped tomato stems. 25833153 7 61 theme phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 arg1 glycolipids 811:821 two unidentified glycolipids 794:821 two unidentified glycolipids 794:821 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 61 theme phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 diphosphatidylglycerol 689:710 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 61 theme phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 phosphatidylethanolamine 746:769 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 61 theme phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 arg1 phosphoglycolipid 873:889 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 857:889 an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 857:889 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 61 theme phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 61 theme phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 arg1 phospholipid 840:851 an unidentified phospholipid 824:851 an unidentified phospholipid 824:851 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 61 theme phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 arg1 amounts 735:741 moderate-to-trace amounts 717:741 moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid 717:889 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 7 61 theme phosphatidylglycerol 772:791 arg1 amounts 678:684 predominant amounts 666:684 predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol 666:710 The polar lipid profile consisted of predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate-to-trace amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. 25833153 6 62 theme Strain 490:495 arg1 CC-Bw-5 497:503 Strain CC-Bw-5 490:503 Strain CC-Bw-5(T) 490:506 Strain CC-Bw-5(T) was determined to possess C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as predominant fatty acids. 25833153 6 62 theme Strain 490:495 arg1 T 505:505 T 505:505 T 505:505 Strain CC-Bw-5(T) was determined to possess C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as predominant fatty acids. 25833153 2 63 theme Gram-stain-positive 89:107 arg1 bacterium 140:148 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium 87:148 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain CC-Bw-5(T)) 87:179 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain CC-Bw-5(T)) was isolated from chopped tomato stems. 25833153 2 63 theme Gram-stain-positive 89:107 arg1 CC-Bw-5 169:175 designated strain CC-Bw-5 151:175 designated strain CC-Bw-5(T) 151:178 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain CC-Bw-5(T)) was isolated from chopped tomato stems. 25833153 2 64 theme chopped 199:205 arg1 stems 214:218 chopped tomato stems 199:218 chopped tomato stems 199:218 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium (designated strain CC-Bw-5(T)) was isolated from chopped tomato stems. 25833153 11 65 theme type 1243:1246 arg1 strain 1248:1253 The type strain 1239:1253 The type strain 1239:1253 The type strain is CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)). 25833153 11 65 theme type 1243:1246 arg1 CC-Bw-5 1258:1264 CC-Bw-5 1258:1264 CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)) 1258:1301 The type strain is CC-Bw-5(T) ( = BCRC 80623(T) = JCM 19140(T)). 28618173 0 0 theme human 85:89 arg1 microbiome 95:104 the human gut microbiome 81:104 the human gut microbiome 81:104 Inter-individual differences determine the outcome of wheat bran colonization by the human gut microbiome. 28618173 4 1 dep bran 495:498 arg1 particles 500:508 particles 500:508 the microbiome colonizing wheat bran particles 463:508 In this study, the microbiome colonizing wheat bran particles was analyzed. 28618173 5 2 theme faecal 603:608 arg1 microbiota 610:619 the faecal microbiota 599:619 the faecal microbiota derived from 10 donors 599:642 In a batch experiment, wheat bran particles were separately incubated with the faecal microbiota derived from 10 donors and washed after 48 h to remove loosely attached bacteria. 28618173 3 3 attach attach 440:445 arg1 platform 413:420 a physical platform 402:420 a physical platform to which they can attach 402:445 These particles can act as a food source for bacteria and offer a physical platform to which they can attach. 28618173 3 3 attach attach 440:445 arg2 they 431:434 they 431:434 they 431:434 These particles can act as a food source for bacteria and offer a physical platform to which they can attach. 28618173 3 3 attach attach 440:445 arg1 particles 344:352 These particles 338:352 These particles 338:352 These particles can act as a food source for bacteria and offer a physical platform to which they can attach. 28618173 3 3 attach attach 440:445 arg1 source 372:377 a food source 365:377 a food source for bacteria 365:390 These particles can act as a food source for bacteria and offer a physical platform to which they can attach. 28618173 10 4 theme large 1442:1446 arg1 differences 1465:1475 the large inter-individual differences 1438:1475 the large inter-individual differences 1438:1475 Both functional groups were present in all donors, despite the large inter-individual differences. 28618173 9 5 theme components 1299:1308 arg1 degraders 1275:1283 primary degraders 1267:1283 primary degraders of wheat bran components 1267:1308 These genera include species with the documented ability to serve as primary degraders of wheat bran components and other species depending on cross-feeding to obtain their energy. 28618173 4 6 theme microbiome 467:476 arg1 bran 495:498 the microbiome colonizing wheat bran 463:498 the microbiome colonizing wheat bran particles 463:508 In this study, the microbiome colonizing wheat bran particles was analyzed. 28618173 5 7 theme wheat 547:551 arg1 bran 553:556 wheat bran 547:556 wheat bran particles 547:566 In a batch experiment, wheat bran particles were separately incubated with the faecal microbiota derived from 10 donors and washed after 48 h to remove loosely attached bacteria. 28618173 6 8 theme community 731:739 arg1 both 836:839 both 836:839 both 836:839 The response of the luminal community to wheat bran and inulin, acting as a well-characterized control, was largely donor-dependent, both functionally, and with respect to the microbiome composition. 28618173 6 8 theme community 731:739 arg1 response 707:714 The response 703:714 The response of the luminal community to wheat bran and inulin, acting as a well-characterized control, 703:805 The response of the luminal community to wheat bran and inulin, acting as a well-characterized control, was largely donor-dependent, both functionally, and with respect to the microbiome composition. 28618173 6 8 theme community 731:739 arg1 donor-dependent 819:833 donor-dependent 819:833 donor-dependent 819:833 The response of the luminal community to wheat bran and inulin, acting as a well-characterized control, was largely donor-dependent, both functionally, and with respect to the microbiome composition. 28618173 10 9 theme functional 1384:1393 arg1 groups 1395:1400 Both functional groups 1379:1400 Both functional groups 1379:1400 Both functional groups were present in all donors, despite the large inter-individual differences. 28618173 2 10 from particles 316:324 arg1 gut 333:335 the gut 329:335 the gut 329:335 Fewer studies, however, have characterized the microbiome associated with undigested, insoluble dietary particles in the gut. 28618173 2 11 theme undigested 286:295 arg1 particles 316:324 undigested, insoluble dietary particles 286:324 undigested, insoluble dietary particles in the gut 286:335 Fewer studies, however, have characterized the microbiome associated with undigested, insoluble dietary particles in the gut. 28618173 0 12 theme gut 91:93 arg1 microbiome 95:104 the human gut microbiome 81:104 the human gut microbiome 81:104 Inter-individual differences determine the outcome of wheat bran colonization by the human gut microbiome. 28618173 10 13 attach present 1407:1413 arg1 donors 1422:1427 all donors 1418:1427 all donors 1418:1427 Both functional groups were present in all donors, despite the large inter-individual differences. 28618173 10 13 attach present 1407:1413 arg2 groups 1395:1400 Both functional groups 1379:1400 Both functional groups 1379:1400 Both functional groups were present in all donors, despite the large inter-individual differences. 28618173 5 14 theme attached 684:691 arg1 bacteria 693:700 loosely attached bacteria 676:700 loosely attached bacteria 676:700 In a batch experiment, wheat bran particles were separately incubated with the faecal microbiota derived from 10 donors and washed after 48 h to remove loosely attached bacteria. 28618173 1 15 from role 147:150 arg1 health 204:209 human health 198:209 human health 198:209 Gut microbiota research reveals a vital role for the luminal and mucosal gut microbiota in human health. 28618173 9 16 with species 1219:1225 arg1 ability 1247:1253 the documented ability 1232:1253 the documented ability to serve as primary degraders of wheat bran components 1232:1308 These genera include species with the documented ability to serve as primary degraders of wheat bran components and other species depending on cross-feeding to obtain their energy. 28618173 1 17 theme luminal 160:166 arg1 microbiota 184:193 the luminal and mucosal gut microbiota 156:193 the luminal and mucosal gut microbiota 156:193 Gut microbiota research reveals a vital role for the luminal and mucosal gut microbiota in human health. 28618173 3 18 theme food 367:370 arg1 platform 413:420 a physical platform 402:420 a physical platform to which they can attach 402:445 These particles can act as a food source for bacteria and offer a physical platform to which they can attach. 28618173 3 18 theme food 367:370 arg1 particles 344:352 These particles 338:352 These particles 338:352 These particles can act as a food source for bacteria and offer a physical platform to which they can attach. 28618173 3 18 theme food 367:370 arg1 source 372:377 a food source 365:377 a food source for bacteria 365:390 These particles can act as a food source for bacteria and offer a physical platform to which they can attach. 28618173 10 19 from donors 1422:1427 arg1 present 1407:1413 present 1407:1413 present 1407:1413 Both functional groups were present in all donors, despite the large inter-individual differences. 28618173 8 20 theme wheat 1176:1180 arg1 bran 1182:1185 wheat bran 1176:1185 the wheat bran particles 1172:1195 Clostridium cluster XIVa and, depending on the donor, Prevotella, Roseburia, Megamonas, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides species were enriched on the wheat bran particles. 28618173 9 21 theme primary 1267:1273 arg1 degraders 1275:1283 primary degraders 1267:1283 primary degraders of wheat bran components 1267:1308 These genera include species with the documented ability to serve as primary degraders of wheat bran components and other species depending on cross-feeding to obtain their energy. 28618173 5 22 theme batch 529:533 arg1 experiment 535:544 a batch experiment 527:544 a batch experiment 527:544 In a batch experiment, wheat bran particles were separately incubated with the faecal microbiota derived from 10 donors and washed after 48 h to remove loosely attached bacteria. 28618173 2 23 theme dietary 308:314 arg1 particles 316:324 undigested, insoluble dietary particles 286:324 undigested, insoluble dietary particles in the gut 286:335 Fewer studies, however, have characterized the microbiome associated with undigested, insoluble dietary particles in the gut. 28618173 1 24 theme mucosal 172:178 arg1 microbiota 184:193 the luminal and mucosal gut microbiota 156:193 the luminal and mucosal gut microbiota 156:193 Gut microbiota research reveals a vital role for the luminal and mucosal gut microbiota in human health. 28618173 0 25 theme Inter-individual 0:15 arg1 differences 17:27 Inter-individual differences 0:27 Inter-individual differences 0:27 Inter-individual differences determine the outcome of wheat bran colonization by the human gut microbiome. 28618173 8 26 theme bran 1182:1185 arg1 particles 1187:1195 the wheat bran particles 1172:1195 the wheat bran particles 1172:1195 Clostridium cluster XIVa and, depending on the donor, Prevotella, Roseburia, Megamonas, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides species were enriched on the wheat bran particles. 28618173 6 27 theme luminal 723:729 arg1 community 731:739 the luminal community 719:739 the luminal community 719:739 The response of the luminal community to wheat bran and inulin, acting as a well-characterized control, was largely donor-dependent, both functionally, and with respect to the microbiome composition. 28618173 1 28 theme gut 180:182 arg1 microbiota 184:193 the luminal and mucosal gut microbiota 156:193 the luminal and mucosal gut microbiota 156:193 Gut microbiota research reveals a vital role for the luminal and mucosal gut microbiota in human health. 28618173 8 29 theme cluster 1039:1045 arg1 XIVa 1047:1050 Clostridium cluster XIVa 1027:1050 Clostridium cluster XIVa 1027:1050 Clostridium cluster XIVa and, depending on the donor, Prevotella, Roseburia, Megamonas, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides species were enriched on the wheat bran particles. 28618173 6 30 theme wheat 744:748 arg1 bran 750:753 wheat bran 744:753 wheat bran 744:753 The response of the luminal community to wheat bran and inulin, acting as a well-characterized control, was largely donor-dependent, both functionally, and with respect to the microbiome composition. 28618173 10 31 located present 1407:1413 arg2 groups 1395:1400 Both functional groups 1379:1400 Both functional groups 1379:1400 Both functional groups were present in all donors, despite the large inter-individual differences. 28618173 10 31 located present 1407:1413 arg1 donors 1422:1427 all donors 1418:1427 all donors 1418:1427 Both functional groups were present in all donors, despite the large inter-individual differences. 28618173 8 32 theme Bacteroides 1135:1145 arg1 species 1147:1153 Bacteroides species 1135:1153 Bacteroides species 1135:1153 Clostridium cluster XIVa and, depending on the donor, Prevotella, Roseburia, Megamonas, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides species were enriched on the wheat bran particles. 28618173 9 33 theme wheat 1288:1292 arg1 bran 1294:1297 wheat bran 1288:1297 wheat bran components 1288:1308 These genera include species with the documented ability to serve as primary degraders of wheat bran components and other species depending on cross-feeding to obtain their energy. 28618173 8 34 theme Clostridium 1027:1037 arg1 XIVa 1047:1050 Clostridium cluster XIVa 1027:1050 Clostridium cluster XIVa 1027:1050 Clostridium cluster XIVa and, depending on the donor, Prevotella, Roseburia, Megamonas, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides species were enriched on the wheat bran particles. 28618173 1 35 theme Gut 107:109 arg1 research 122:129 Gut microbiota research 107:129 Gut microbiota research 107:129 Gut microbiota research reveals a vital role for the luminal and mucosal gut microbiota in human health. 28618173 9 36 theme bran 1294:1297 arg1 components 1299:1308 wheat bran components 1288:1308 wheat bran components 1288:1308 These genera include species with the documented ability to serve as primary degraders of wheat bran components and other species depending on cross-feeding to obtain their energy. 28618173 1 37 theme human 198:202 arg1 health 204:209 human health 198:209 human health 198:209 Gut microbiota research reveals a vital role for the luminal and mucosal gut microbiota in human health. 28618173 3 38 theme physical 404:411 arg1 platform 413:420 a physical platform 402:420 a physical platform to which they can attach 402:445 These particles can act as a food source for bacteria and offer a physical platform to which they can attach. 28618173 3 38 theme physical 404:411 arg1 particles 344:352 These particles 338:352 These particles 338:352 These particles can act as a food source for bacteria and offer a physical platform to which they can attach. 28618173 3 38 theme physical 404:411 arg1 source 372:377 a food source 365:377 a food source for bacteria 365:390 These particles can act as a food source for bacteria and offer a physical platform to which they can attach. 28618173 4 39 theme wheat 489:493 arg1 bran 495:498 the microbiome colonizing wheat bran 463:498 the microbiome colonizing wheat bran particles 463:508 In this study, the microbiome colonizing wheat bran particles was analyzed. 28618173 7 40 theme butyrate 1006:1013 arg1 production 1015:1024 proportionally higher propionate or butyrate production 970:1024 proportionally higher propionate or butyrate production 970:1024 Depending on the donor, wheat bran and inulin fermentation yielded proportionally higher propionate or butyrate production. 28618173 7 41 theme inulin 942:947 arg1 fermentation 949:960 inulin fermentation 942:960 inulin fermentation 942:960 Depending on the donor, wheat bran and inulin fermentation yielded proportionally higher propionate or butyrate production. 28618173 0 42 theme bran 60:63 arg1 outcome 43:49 the outcome 39:49 the outcome of wheat bran 39:63 Inter-individual differences determine the outcome of wheat bran colonization by the human gut microbiome. 28618173 4 43 theme colonizing 478:487 arg1 bran 495:498 the microbiome colonizing wheat bran 463:498 the microbiome colonizing wheat bran particles 463:508 In this study, the microbiome colonizing wheat bran particles was analyzed. 28618173 7 44 theme higher 985:990 arg1 production 1015:1024 proportionally higher propionate or butyrate production 970:1024 proportionally higher propionate or butyrate production 970:1024 Depending on the donor, wheat bran and inulin fermentation yielded proportionally higher propionate or butyrate production. 28618173 6 45 theme well-characterized 779:796 arg1 control 798:804 a well-characterized control 777:804 a well-characterized control 777:804 The response of the luminal community to wheat bran and inulin, acting as a well-characterized control, was largely donor-dependent, both functionally, and with respect to the microbiome composition. 28618173 2 46 theme Fewer 212:216 arg1 studies 218:224 Fewer studies 212:224 Fewer studies 212:224 Fewer studies, however, have characterized the microbiome associated with undigested, insoluble dietary particles in the gut. 28618173 1 47 theme microbiota 111:120 arg1 research 122:129 Gut microbiota research 107:129 Gut microbiota research 107:129 Gut microbiota research reveals a vital role for the luminal and mucosal gut microbiota in human health. 28618173 0 48 theme wheat 54:58 arg1 bran 60:63 wheat bran 54:63 wheat bran 54:63 Inter-individual differences determine the outcome of wheat bran colonization by the human gut microbiome. 28618173 9 49 theme other 1314:1318 arg1 species 1320:1326 other species 1314:1326 other species 1314:1326 These genera include species with the documented ability to serve as primary degraders of wheat bran components and other species depending on cross-feeding to obtain their energy. 28618173 7 50 theme propionate 992:1001 arg1 production 1015:1024 proportionally higher propionate or butyrate production 970:1024 proportionally higher propionate or butyrate production 970:1024 Depending on the donor, wheat bran and inulin fermentation yielded proportionally higher propionate or butyrate production. 28618173 2 51 dep undigested 286:295 arg1 insoluble 298:306 insoluble 298:306 insoluble 298:306 Fewer studies, however, have characterized the microbiome associated with undigested, insoluble dietary particles in the gut. 28618173 6 52 theme microbiome 879:888 arg1 composition 890:900 the microbiome composition 875:900 the microbiome composition 875:900 The response of the luminal community to wheat bran and inulin, acting as a well-characterized control, was largely donor-dependent, both functionally, and with respect to the microbiome composition. 28618173 5 53 theme bran 553:556 arg1 particles 558:566 wheat bran particles 547:566 wheat bran particles 547:566 In a batch experiment, wheat bran particles were separately incubated with the faecal microbiota derived from 10 donors and washed after 48 h to remove loosely attached bacteria. 28618173 9 54 with species 1320:1326 arg1 ability 1247:1253 the documented ability 1232:1253 the documented ability to serve as primary degraders of wheat bran components 1232:1308 These genera include species with the documented ability to serve as primary degraders of wheat bran components and other species depending on cross-feeding to obtain their energy. 28618173 6 55 dep donor-dependent 819:833 arg1 both 836:839 both 836:839 both 836:839 The response of the luminal community to wheat bran and inulin, acting as a well-characterized control, was largely donor-dependent, both functionally, and with respect to the microbiome composition. 28618173 6 55 dep donor-dependent 819:833 arg1 response 707:714 The response 703:714 The response of the luminal community to wheat bran and inulin, acting as a well-characterized control, 703:805 The response of the luminal community to wheat bran and inulin, acting as a well-characterized control, was largely donor-dependent, both functionally, and with respect to the microbiome composition. 28618173 6 55 dep donor-dependent 819:833 arg1 donor-dependent 819:833 donor-dependent 819:833 donor-dependent 819:833 The response of the luminal community to wheat bran and inulin, acting as a well-characterized control, was largely donor-dependent, both functionally, and with respect to the microbiome composition. 28618173 6 55 dep donor-dependent 819:833 arg1 composition 890:900 the microbiome composition 875:900 the microbiome composition 875:900 The response of the luminal community to wheat bran and inulin, acting as a well-characterized control, was largely donor-dependent, both functionally, and with respect to the microbiome composition. 28618173 10 56 theme inter-individual 1448:1463 arg1 differences 1465:1475 the large inter-individual differences 1438:1475 the large inter-individual differences 1438:1475 Both functional groups were present in all donors, despite the large inter-individual differences. 28618173 7 57 theme wheat 927:931 arg1 bran 933:936 wheat bran 927:936 wheat bran 927:936 Depending on the donor, wheat bran and inulin fermentation yielded proportionally higher propionate or butyrate production. 28618173 1 58 theme vital 141:145 arg1 role 147:150 a vital role 139:150 a vital role for the luminal and mucosal gut microbiota in human health 139:209 Gut microbiota research reveals a vital role for the luminal and mucosal gut microbiota in human health. 28618173 5 59 attach derived 621:627 arg2 microbiota 610:619 the faecal microbiota 599:619 the faecal microbiota derived from 10 donors 599:642 In a batch experiment, wheat bran particles were separately incubated with the faecal microbiota derived from 10 donors and washed after 48 h to remove loosely attached bacteria. 28618173 5 59 attach derived 621:627 arg1 donors 637:642 10 donors 634:642 10 donors 634:642 In a batch experiment, wheat bran particles were separately incubated with the faecal microbiota derived from 10 donors and washed after 48 h to remove loosely attached bacteria. 28618173 6 60 dep both 836:839 arg1 functionally 841:852 functionally 841:852 functionally 841:852 The response of the luminal community to wheat bran and inulin, acting as a well-characterized control, was largely donor-dependent, both functionally, and with respect to the microbiome composition. 28618173 9 61 theme documented 1236:1245 arg1 ability 1247:1253 the documented ability 1232:1253 the documented ability to serve as primary degraders of wheat bran components 1232:1308 These genera include species with the documented ability to serve as primary degraders of wheat bran components and other species depending on cross-feeding to obtain their energy. 28618173 10 62 from present 1407:1413 arg1 donors 1422:1427 all donors 1418:1427 all donors 1418:1427 Both functional groups were present in all donors, despite the large inter-individual differences. 29624253 9 0 theme innovative 1593:1602 arg1 contribution 1604:1615 the innovative contribution 1589:1615 the innovative contribution of this work 1589:1628 The work proved the use of enzymatic process to create the emulsifier, which represents the innovative contribution of this work. 29624253 3 1 theme walnut 461:466 arg1 oil 468:470 walnut oil 461:470 walnut oil 461:470 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 6 2 theme carboxymethyl 870:882 arg1 cellulose 884:892 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose 864:892 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose 864:892 Taking into consideration all properties of the emulsions, emulsion IV (containing 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 18000 rpm) and emulsion V (1.5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 24000 rpm) were found to be of optimum composition. 29624253 7 3 theme good 1068:1071 arg1 stability 1073:1081 good stability 1068:1081 good stability 1068:1081 The emulsions exhibited good stability, were highly rated in sensory terms and displayed optimum moistening properties. 29624253 8 4 theme optimum 1273:1279 arg1 content 1305:1311 optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content 1273:1311 optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content 1273:1311 It has been proven that model emulsions based on interesterified fats containing partial acylglicerols, with optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content and specific revolutions at the time of homogenization are an opportunity for developing preparations targeted at skins requiring special care (e.g., with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis). 29624253 8 5 with acylglicerols 1253:1265 arg1 content 1305:1311 optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content 1273:1311 optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content 1273:1311 It has been proven that model emulsions based on interesterified fats containing partial acylglicerols, with optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content and specific revolutions at the time of homogenization are an opportunity for developing preparations targeted at skins requiring special care (e.g., with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis). 29624253 8 5 with acylglicerols 1253:1265 arg1 revolutions 1326:1336 specific revolutions 1317:1336 specific revolutions 1317:1336 It has been proven that model emulsions based on interesterified fats containing partial acylglicerols, with optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content and specific revolutions at the time of homogenization are an opportunity for developing preparations targeted at skins requiring special care (e.g., with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis). 29624253 7 6 theme optimum 1133:1139 arg1 properties 1152:1161 optimum moistening properties 1133:1161 optimum moistening properties 1133:1161 The emulsions exhibited good stability, were highly rated in sensory terms and displayed optimum moistening properties. 29624253 6 7 theme g 868:868 arg1 cellulose 884:892 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose 864:892 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose 864:892 Taking into consideration all properties of the emulsions, emulsion IV (containing 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 18000 rpm) and emulsion V (1.5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 24000 rpm) were found to be of optimum composition. 29624253 2 8 theme atopic 263:268 arg1 symptoms 270:277 the atopic symptoms 259:277 the atopic symptoms 259:277 Proper prevention might slow the atopic symptoms. 29624253 9 9 theme process 1538:1544 arg1 use 1521:1523 the use 1517:1523 the use of enzymatic process 1517:1544 The work proved the use of enzymatic process to create the emulsifier, which represents the innovative contribution of this work. 29624253 7 10 theme moistening 1141:1150 arg1 properties 1152:1161 optimum moistening properties 1133:1161 optimum moistening properties 1133:1161 The emulsions exhibited good stability, were highly rated in sensory terms and displayed optimum moistening properties. 29624253 6 11 theme 0.9 864:866 arg1 g 868:868 g 868:868 g 868:868 Taking into consideration all properties of the emulsions, emulsion IV (containing 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 18000 rpm) and emulsion V (1.5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 24000 rpm) were found to be of optimum composition. 29624253 8 12 theme cellulose 1295:1303 arg1 content 1305:1311 optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content 1273:1311 optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content 1273:1311 It has been proven that model emulsions based on interesterified fats containing partial acylglicerols, with optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content and specific revolutions at the time of homogenization are an opportunity for developing preparations targeted at skins requiring special care (e.g., with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis). 29624253 6 13 theme optimum 1023:1029 arg1 composition 1031:1041 optimum composition 1023:1041 optimum composition 1023:1041 Taking into consideration all properties of the emulsions, emulsion IV (containing 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 18000 rpm) and emulsion V (1.5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 24000 rpm) were found to be of optimum composition. 29624253 8 14 theme partial 1245:1251 arg1 acylglicerols 1253:1265 partial acylglicerols 1245:1265 partial acylglicerols 1245:1265 It has been proven that model emulsions based on interesterified fats containing partial acylglicerols, with optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content and specific revolutions at the time of homogenization are an opportunity for developing preparations targeted at skins requiring special care (e.g., with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis). 29624253 5 15 theme dispersity 702:711 arg1 index 713:717 dispersity index 702:717 dispersity index 702:717 Stability tests, particle size, distribution, dispersity index, morphology structure of the emulsions were determinated too. 29624253 5 15 theme dispersity 702:711 arg1 tests 666:670 Stability tests 656:670 Stability tests 656:670 Stability tests, particle size, distribution, dispersity index, morphology structure of the emulsions were determinated too. 29624253 9 16 theme work 1625:1628 arg1 contribution 1604:1615 the innovative contribution 1589:1615 the innovative contribution of this work 1589:1628 The work proved the use of enzymatic process to create the emulsifier, which represents the innovative contribution of this work. 29624253 8 17 theme specific 1317:1324 arg1 revolutions 1326:1336 specific revolutions 1317:1336 specific revolutions 1317:1336 It has been proven that model emulsions based on interesterified fats containing partial acylglicerols, with optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content and specific revolutions at the time of homogenization are an opportunity for developing preparations targeted at skins requiring special care (e.g., with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis). 29624253 8 18 theme model 1188:1192 arg1 opportunity 1375:1385 an opportunity 1372:1385 an opportunity for developing preparations targeted at skins requiring special care (e.g., with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis) 1372:1498 It has been proven that model emulsions based on interesterified fats containing partial acylglicerols, with optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content and specific revolutions at the time of homogenization are an opportunity for developing preparations targeted at skins requiring special care (e.g., with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis). 29624253 8 18 theme model 1188:1192 arg1 emulsions 1194:1202 model emulsions 1188:1202 model emulsions based on interesterified fats containing partial acylglicerols, with optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content and specific revolutions at the time of homogenization 1188:1366 It has been proven that model emulsions based on interesterified fats containing partial acylglicerols, with optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content and specific revolutions at the time of homogenization are an opportunity for developing preparations targeted at skins requiring special care (e.g., with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis). 29624253 5 19 theme emulsions 748:756 arg1 structure 731:739 morphology structure 720:739 morphology structure 720:739 Stability tests, particle size, distribution, dispersity index, morphology structure of the emulsions were determinated too. 29624253 5 19 theme emulsions 748:756 arg1 distribution 688:699 distribution 688:699 distribution 688:699 Stability tests, particle size, distribution, dispersity index, morphology structure of the emulsions were determinated too. 29624253 5 19 theme emulsions 748:756 arg1 tests 666:670 Stability tests 656:670 Stability tests 656:670 Stability tests, particle size, distribution, dispersity index, morphology structure of the emulsions were determinated too. 29624253 5 19 theme emulsions 748:756 arg1 size 682:685 particle size 673:685 particle size 673:685 Stability tests, particle size, distribution, dispersity index, morphology structure of the emulsions were determinated too. 29624253 5 19 theme emulsions 748:756 arg1 index 713:717 dispersity index 702:717 dispersity index 702:717 Stability tests, particle size, distribution, dispersity index, morphology structure of the emulsions were determinated too. 29624253 3 20 theme sensory 310:316 arg1 analysis 318:325 a sensory analysis 308:325 a sensory analysis 308:325 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 3 20 theme sensory 310:316 arg1 purpose 284:290 The purpose 280:290 The purpose of the work 280:302 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 4 21 theme sensory 596:602 arg1 properties 626:635 sensory and skin moisturizing properties 596:635 sensory and skin moisturizing properties 596:635 The emulsions were evaluated with respect to sensory and skin moisturizing properties by 78 respondents. 29624253 4 22 theme moisturizing 613:624 arg1 properties 626:635 sensory and skin moisturizing properties 596:635 sensory and skin moisturizing properties 596:635 The emulsions were evaluated with respect to sensory and skin moisturizing properties by 78 respondents. 29624253 7 23 theme sensory 1105:1111 arg1 terms 1113:1117 sensory terms 1105:1117 sensory terms 1105:1117 The emulsions exhibited good stability, were highly rated in sensory terms and displayed optimum moistening properties. 29624253 0 24 theme INTERESTERIFIED 63:77 arg1 FAT 79:81 ENZYMATIC INTERESTERIFIED FAT 53:81 ENZYMATIC INTERESTERIFIED FAT 53:81 ASSESSMENT OF A STABLE COSMETIC PREPARATION BASED ON ENZYMATIC INTERESTERIFIED FAT, PROPOSED IN THE PREVENTION OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS. 29624253 10 25 theme food 1740:1743 arg1 industries 1745:1754 food industries 1740:1754 food industries 1740:1754 Also it showed an additional application of enzymatic interesterified fats which since has been used only in food industries. 29624253 3 26 theme emulsions 384:392 arg1 stability 371:379 stability 371:379 stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener 371:548 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 3 26 theme emulsions 384:392 arg1 analysis 318:325 a sensory analysis 308:325 a sensory analysis 308:325 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 3 26 theme emulsions 384:392 arg1 evaluation 331:340 an evaluation 328:340 an evaluation of moistening properties 328:365 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 3 26 theme emulsions 384:392 arg1 purpose 284:290 The purpose 280:290 The purpose of the work 280:302 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 3 27 theme moistening 345:354 arg1 properties 356:365 moistening properties 345:365 moistening properties 345:365 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 10 28 used used 1727:1730 arg2 fats 1701:1704 enzymatic interesterified fats 1675:1704 enzymatic interesterified fats which since has been used only in food industries 1675:1754 Also it showed an additional application of enzymatic interesterified fats which since has been used only in food industries. 29624253 1 29 theme common 170:175 arg1 disorders 182:190 the most common skin disorders 161:190 the most common skin disorders seen in infants, children and adults 161:227 Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common skin disorders seen in infants, children and adults. 29624253 0 30 theme STABLE 16:21 arg1 PREPARATION 32:42 A STABLE COSMETIC PREPARATION 14:42 A STABLE COSMETIC PREPARATION 14:42 ASSESSMENT OF A STABLE COSMETIC PREPARATION BASED ON ENZYMATIC INTERESTERIFIED FAT, PROPOSED IN THE PREVENTION OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS. 29624253 6 31 theme emulsion 928:935 arg1 V 937:937 emulsion V 928:937 emulsion V (1.5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 24000 rpm) 928:1001 Taking into consideration all properties of the emulsions, emulsion IV (containing 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 18000 rpm) and emulsion V (1.5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 24000 rpm) were found to be of optimum composition. 29624253 0 32 theme ATOPIC 114:119 arg1 DERMATITIS 121:130 ATOPIC DERMATITIS 114:130 ATOPIC DERMATITIS 114:130 ASSESSMENT OF A STABLE COSMETIC PREPARATION BASED ON ENZYMATIC INTERESTERIFIED FAT, PROPOSED IN THE PREVENTION OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS. 29624253 6 33 from rpm 998:1000 arg1 g 944:944 1.5 g 940:944 1.5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 24000 rpm 940:1000 Taking into consideration all properties of the emulsions, emulsion IV (containing 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 18000 rpm) and emulsion V (1.5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 24000 rpm) were found to be of optimum composition. 29624253 9 34 theme enzymatic 1528:1536 arg1 process 1538:1544 enzymatic process 1528:1544 enzymatic process 1528:1544 The work proved the use of enzymatic process to create the emulsifier, which represents the innovative contribution of this work. 29624253 8 35 theme homogenization 1353:1366 arg1 time 1345:1348 the time 1341:1348 the time of homogenization 1341:1366 It has been proven that model emulsions based on interesterified fats containing partial acylglicerols, with optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content and specific revolutions at the time of homogenization are an opportunity for developing preparations targeted at skins requiring special care (e.g., with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis). 29624253 3 36 theme fat 432:434 arg1 blend 436:440 an enzymatic interesterified fat blend 403:440 an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) 403:471 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 10 37 dep used 1727:1730 arg1 since 1712:1716 since 1712:1716 since 1712:1716 Also it showed an additional application of enzymatic interesterified fats which since has been used only in food industries. 29624253 5 38 theme particle 673:680 arg1 tests 666:670 Stability tests 656:670 Stability tests 656:670 Stability tests, particle size, distribution, dispersity index, morphology structure of the emulsions were determinated too. 29624253 5 38 theme particle 673:680 arg1 size 682:685 particle size 673:685 particle size 673:685 Stability tests, particle size, distribution, dispersity index, morphology structure of the emulsions were determinated too. 29624253 6 39 theme emulsion 840:847 arg1 IV 849:850 emulsion IV 840:850 emulsion IV (containing 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 18000 rpm) 840:922 Taking into consideration all properties of the emulsions, emulsion IV (containing 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 18000 rpm) and emulsion V (1.5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 24000 rpm) were found to be of optimum composition. 29624253 3 40 theme different 518:526 arg1 contents 528:535 different contents 518:535 different contents 518:535 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 10 41 theme enzymatic 1675:1683 arg1 fats 1701:1704 enzymatic interesterified fats 1675:1704 enzymatic interesterified fats which since has been used only in food industries 1675:1754 Also it showed an additional application of enzymatic interesterified fats which since has been used only in food industries. 29624253 1 42 theme disorders 182:190 arg1 disorders 182:190 the most common skin disorders 161:190 the most common skin disorders seen in infants, children and adults 161:227 Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common skin disorders seen in infants, children and adults. 29624253 1 42 theme disorders 182:190 arg1 one 154:156 one 154:156 one 154:156 Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common skin disorders seen in infants, children and adults. 29624253 0 43 theme PREPARATION 32:42 arg1 ASSESSMENT 0:9 ASSESSMENT 0:9 ASSESSMENT OF A STABLE COSMETIC PREPARATION 0:42 ASSESSMENT OF A STABLE COSMETIC PREPARATION BASED ON ENZYMATIC INTERESTERIFIED FAT, PROPOSED IN THE PREVENTION OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS. 29624253 10 44 theme additional 1649:1658 arg1 application 1660:1670 an additional application 1646:1670 an additional application of enzymatic interesterified fats which since has been used only in food industries 1646:1754 Also it showed an additional application of enzymatic interesterified fats which since has been used only in food industries. 29624253 4 45 theme skin 608:611 arg1 properties 626:635 sensory and skin moisturizing properties 596:635 sensory and skin moisturizing properties 596:635 The emulsions were evaluated with respect to sensory and skin moisturizing properties by 78 respondents. 29624253 3 46 dep emulsions 384:392 arg1 homogenized 477:487 homogenized 477:487 homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener 477:548 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 3 46 dep emulsions 384:392 arg1 based 394:398 based 394:398 based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) 394:471 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 3 47 theme enzymatic 406:414 arg1 blend 436:440 an enzymatic interesterified fat blend 403:440 an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) 403:471 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 0 48 theme COSMETIC 23:30 arg1 PREPARATION 32:42 A STABLE COSMETIC PREPARATION 14:42 A STABLE COSMETIC PREPARATION 14:42 ASSESSMENT OF A STABLE COSMETIC PREPARATION BASED ON ENZYMATIC INTERESTERIFIED FAT, PROPOSED IN THE PREVENTION OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS. 29624253 8 49 theme interesterified 1213:1227 arg1 fats 1229:1232 interesterified fats 1213:1232 interesterified fats containing partial acylglicerols, with optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content and specific revolutions at the time of homogenization 1213:1366 It has been proven that model emulsions based on interesterified fats containing partial acylglicerols, with optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content and specific revolutions at the time of homogenization are an opportunity for developing preparations targeted at skins requiring special care (e.g., with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis). 29624253 0 50 theme DERMATITIS 121:130 arg1 PREVENTION 100:109 THE PREVENTION 96:109 THE PREVENTION OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS 96:130 ASSESSMENT OF A STABLE COSMETIC PREPARATION BASED ON ENZYMATIC INTERESTERIFIED FAT, PROPOSED IN THE PREVENTION OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS. 29624253 6 51 contain containing 853:862 arg2 homogenized 898:908 homogenized 898:908 homogenized 898:908 Taking into consideration all properties of the emulsions, emulsion IV (containing 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 18000 rpm) and emulsion V (1.5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 24000 rpm) were found to be of optimum composition. 29624253 6 51 contain containing 853:862 arg1 IV 849:850 emulsion IV 840:850 emulsion IV (containing 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 18000 rpm) 840:922 Taking into consideration all properties of the emulsions, emulsion IV (containing 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 18000 rpm) and emulsion V (1.5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 24000 rpm) were found to be of optimum composition. 29624253 6 51 contain containing 853:862 arg2 cellulose 884:892 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose 864:892 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose 864:892 Taking into consideration all properties of the emulsions, emulsion IV (containing 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 18000 rpm) and emulsion V (1.5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 24000 rpm) were found to be of optimum composition. 29624253 3 52 theme interesterified 416:430 arg1 blend 436:440 an enzymatic interesterified fat blend 403:440 an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) 403:471 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 3 53 theme properties 356:365 arg1 stability 371:379 stability 371:379 stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener 371:548 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 3 53 theme properties 356:365 arg1 analysis 318:325 a sensory analysis 308:325 a sensory analysis 308:325 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 3 53 theme properties 356:365 arg1 evaluation 331:340 an evaluation 328:340 an evaluation of moistening properties 328:365 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 3 53 theme properties 356:365 arg1 purpose 284:290 The purpose 280:290 The purpose of the work 280:302 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 5 54 theme morphology 720:729 arg1 tests 666:670 Stability tests 656:670 Stability tests 656:670 Stability tests, particle size, distribution, dispersity index, morphology structure of the emulsions were determinated too. 29624253 5 54 theme morphology 720:729 arg1 structure 731:739 morphology structure 720:739 morphology structure 720:739 Stability tests, particle size, distribution, dispersity index, morphology structure of the emulsions were determinated too. 29624253 3 55 theme thickener 540:548 arg1 revolutions 502:512 different revolutions 492:512 different revolutions 492:512 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 3 55 theme thickener 540:548 arg1 contents 528:535 different contents 518:535 different contents 518:535 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 8 56 theme atopic 1468:1473 arg1 dermatitis 1475:1484 atopic dermatitis 1468:1484 atopic dermatitis 1468:1484 It has been proven that model emulsions based on interesterified fats containing partial acylglicerols, with optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content and specific revolutions at the time of homogenization are an opportunity for developing preparations targeted at skins requiring special care (e.g., with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis). 29624253 6 57 theme emulsions 829:837 arg1 properties 811:820 all properties 807:820 all properties of the emulsions 807:837 Taking into consideration all properties of the emulsions, emulsion IV (containing 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 18000 rpm) and emulsion V (1.5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 24000 rpm) were found to be of optimum composition. 29624253 8 58 dep targeted 1415:1422 arg1 preparations 1402:1413 preparations 1402:1413 preparations targeted at skins requiring special care (e.g., with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis) 1402:1498 It has been proven that model emulsions based on interesterified fats containing partial acylglicerols, with optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content and specific revolutions at the time of homogenization are an opportunity for developing preparations targeted at skins requiring special care (e.g., with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis). 29624253 8 58 dep targeted 1415:1422 arg1 e.g. 1457:1460 e.g. 1457:1460 e.g. 1457:1460 It has been proven that model emulsions based on interesterified fats containing partial acylglicerols, with optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content and specific revolutions at the time of homogenization are an opportunity for developing preparations targeted at skins requiring special care (e.g., with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis). 29624253 5 59 theme Stability 656:664 arg1 structure 731:739 morphology structure 720:739 morphology structure 720:739 Stability tests, particle size, distribution, dispersity index, morphology structure of the emulsions were determinated too. 29624253 5 59 theme Stability 656:664 arg1 distribution 688:699 distribution 688:699 distribution 688:699 Stability tests, particle size, distribution, dispersity index, morphology structure of the emulsions were determinated too. 29624253 5 59 theme Stability 656:664 arg1 tests 666:670 Stability tests 656:670 Stability tests 656:670 Stability tests, particle size, distribution, dispersity index, morphology structure of the emulsions were determinated too. 29624253 5 59 theme Stability 656:664 arg1 size 682:685 particle size 673:685 particle size 673:685 Stability tests, particle size, distribution, dispersity index, morphology structure of the emulsions were determinated too. 29624253 5 59 theme Stability 656:664 arg1 index 713:717 dispersity index 702:717 dispersity index 702:717 Stability tests, particle size, distribution, dispersity index, morphology structure of the emulsions were determinated too. 29624253 8 60 theme special 1443:1449 arg1 care 1451:1454 special care 1443:1454 special care 1443:1454 It has been proven that model emulsions based on interesterified fats containing partial acylglicerols, with optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content and specific revolutions at the time of homogenization are an opportunity for developing preparations targeted at skins requiring special care (e.g., with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis). 29624253 10 61 theme fats 1701:1704 arg1 application 1660:1670 an additional application 1646:1670 an additional application of enzymatic interesterified fats which since has been used only in food industries 1646:1754 Also it showed an additional application of enzymatic interesterified fats which since has been used only in food industries. 29624253 6 62 theme homogenized 977:987 arg1 g 944:944 1.5 g 940:944 1.5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 24000 rpm 940:1000 Taking into consideration all properties of the emulsions, emulsion IV (containing 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 18000 rpm) and emulsion V (1.5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 24000 rpm) were found to be of optimum composition. 29624253 8 63 contain containing 1234:1243 arg1 fats 1229:1232 interesterified fats 1213:1232 interesterified fats containing partial acylglicerols, with optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content and specific revolutions at the time of homogenization 1213:1366 It has been proven that model emulsions based on interesterified fats containing partial acylglicerols, with optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content and specific revolutions at the time of homogenization are an opportunity for developing preparations targeted at skins requiring special care (e.g., with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis). 29624253 8 63 contain containing 1234:1243 arg2 acylglicerols 1253:1265 partial acylglicerols 1245:1265 partial acylglicerols 1245:1265 It has been proven that model emulsions based on interesterified fats containing partial acylglicerols, with optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content and specific revolutions at the time of homogenization are an opportunity for developing preparations targeted at skins requiring special care (e.g., with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis). 29624253 6 64 dep V 937:937 arg1 g 944:944 1.5 g 940:944 1.5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 24000 rpm 940:1000 Taking into consideration all properties of the emulsions, emulsion IV (containing 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 18000 rpm) and emulsion V (1.5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 24000 rpm) were found to be of optimum composition. 29624253 2 65 theme Proper 230:235 arg1 prevention 237:246 Proper prevention 230:246 Proper prevention 230:246 Proper prevention might slow the atopic symptoms. 29624253 3 66 theme mutton 443:448 arg1 tallow 450:455 mutton tallow 443:455 mutton tallow 443:455 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 8 67 theme carboxymethyl 1281:1293 arg1 content 1305:1311 optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content 1273:1311 optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content 1273:1311 It has been proven that model emulsions based on interesterified fats containing partial acylglicerols, with optimum carboxymethyl cellulose content and specific revolutions at the time of homogenization are an opportunity for developing preparations targeted at skins requiring special care (e.g., with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis). 29624253 3 68 theme work 299:302 arg1 analysis 318:325 a sensory analysis 308:325 a sensory analysis 308:325 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 3 68 theme work 299:302 arg1 purpose 284:290 The purpose 280:290 The purpose of the work 280:302 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 1 69 theme skin 177:180 arg1 disorders 182:190 the most common skin disorders 161:190 the most common skin disorders seen in infants, children and adults 161:227 Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common skin disorders seen in infants, children and adults. 29624253 1 70 theme Atopic 133:138 arg1 dermatitis 140:149 Atopic dermatitis 133:149 Atopic dermatitis 133:149 Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common skin disorders seen in infants, children and adults. 29624253 6 71 theme cellulose 963:971 arg1 g 944:944 1.5 g 940:944 1.5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 24000 rpm 940:1000 Taking into consideration all properties of the emulsions, emulsion IV (containing 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 18000 rpm) and emulsion V (1.5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 24000 rpm) were found to be of optimum composition. 29624253 0 72 theme ENZYMATIC 53:61 arg1 FAT 79:81 ENZYMATIC INTERESTERIFIED FAT 53:81 ENZYMATIC INTERESTERIFIED FAT 53:81 ASSESSMENT OF A STABLE COSMETIC PREPARATION BASED ON ENZYMATIC INTERESTERIFIED FAT, PROPOSED IN THE PREVENTION OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS. 29624253 3 73 theme different 492:500 arg1 revolutions 502:512 different revolutions 492:512 different revolutions 492:512 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 3 74 dep blend 436:440 arg1 tallow 450:455 mutton tallow 443:455 mutton tallow 443:455 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 3 74 dep blend 436:440 arg1 oil 468:470 walnut oil 461:470 walnut oil 461:470 The purpose of the work was a sensory analysis, an evaluation of moistening properties and stability of emulsions based on an enzymatic interesterified fat blend (mutton tallow and walnut oil) and homogenized at different revolutions and different contents of thickener. 29624253 10 75 theme interesterified 1685:1699 arg1 fats 1701:1704 enzymatic interesterified fats 1675:1704 enzymatic interesterified fats which since has been used only in food industries 1675:1754 Also it showed an additional application of enzymatic interesterified fats which since has been used only in food industries. 29624253 6 76 theme carboxymethyl 949:961 arg1 cellulose 963:971 carboxymethyl cellulose 949:971 carboxymethyl cellulose 949:971 Taking into consideration all properties of the emulsions, emulsion IV (containing 0.9 g carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 18000 rpm) and emulsion V (1.5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose and homogenized at 24000 rpm) were found to be of optimum composition. 27616597 0 0 theme IgG 65:67 arg1 glycome 69:75 serum IgG glycome 59:75 serum IgG glycome 59:75 Effects of allergic diseases and age on the composition of serum IgG glycome in children. 27616597 4 1 theme IgG 440:442 arg1 profile 458:464 Subclass specific IgG glycosylation profile 422:464 Subclass specific IgG glycosylation profile 422:464 Subclass specific IgG glycosylation profile was analyzed in two cohorts of allergen sensitized and non-sensitized 3- to 11-year-old children (conducted at University of Aberdeen, UK and Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia) with 893 subjects in total. 27616597 5 2 dep Protein 749:755 arg1 G. 757:758 G. 757:758 G. 757:758 IgG was isolated from serum/plasma by affinity chromatography on Protein G. IgG tryptic glycopeptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 27616597 2 3 theme IgG 289:291 arg1 modulation 293:302 IgG modulation 289:302 IgG modulation of allergic response 289:323 The glycans on the Fc region are known to affect IgG effector functions, thereby possibly having a role in IgG modulation of allergic response. 27616597 9 4 theme IgG 1370:1372 arg1 composition 1382:1392 serum IgG glycome composition 1364:1392 serum IgG glycome composition 1364:1392 In conclusion, our findings demonstrate no association between serum IgG glycome composition and allergic diseases in children. 27616597 0 5 theme serum 59:63 arg1 glycome 69:75 serum IgG glycome 59:75 serum IgG glycome 59:75 Effects of allergic diseases and age on the composition of serum IgG glycome in children. 27616597 5 6 dep G. 757:758 arg1 analyzed 791:798 analyzed 791:798 were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 786:865 IgG was isolated from serum/plasma by affinity chromatography on Protein G. IgG tryptic glycopeptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 27616597 2 7 dep affect 224:229 arg1 having 272:277 having 272:277 having a role in IgG modulation of allergic response 272:323 The glycans on the Fc region are known to affect IgG effector functions, thereby possibly having a role in IgG modulation of allergic response. 27616597 4 8 theme non-sensitized 521:534 arg1 children 554:561 non-sensitized 3- to 11-year-old children 521:561 non-sensitized 3- to 11-year-old children (conducted at University of Aberdeen, UK and Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia) with 893 subjects in total 521:681 Subclass specific IgG glycosylation profile was analyzed in two cohorts of allergen sensitized and non-sensitized 3- to 11-year-old children (conducted at University of Aberdeen, UK and Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia) with 893 subjects in total. 27616597 7 9 theme mean 1111:1114 arg1 diameter 1122:1129 single allergen mean wheal diameter 1095:1129 single allergen mean wheal diameter 1095:1129 In both cohorts, IgG glycome composition did not differ in allergen sensitized subjects, nor children sensitized to individual allergens, single allergen mean wheal diameter or positive wheal sum values. 27616597 0 10 from Effects 0:6 arg1 composition 44:54 the composition 40:54 the composition of serum IgG glycome in children 40:87 Effects of allergic diseases and age on the composition of serum IgG glycome in children. 27616597 2 11 theme IgG 231:233 arg1 functions 244:252 IgG effector functions 231:252 IgG effector functions 231:252 The glycans on the Fc region are known to affect IgG effector functions, thereby possibly having a role in IgG modulation of allergic response. 27616597 4 12 theme 11-year-old 542:552 arg1 children 554:561 non-sensitized 3- to 11-year-old children 521:561 non-sensitized 3- to 11-year-old children (conducted at University of Aberdeen, UK and Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia) with 893 subjects in total 521:681 Subclass specific IgG glycosylation profile was analyzed in two cohorts of allergen sensitized and non-sensitized 3- to 11-year-old children (conducted at University of Aberdeen, UK and Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia) with 893 subjects in total. 27616597 0 13 theme glycome 69:75 arg1 composition 44:54 the composition 40:54 the composition of serum IgG glycome in children 40:87 Effects of allergic diseases and age on the composition of serum IgG glycome in children. 27616597 7 14 theme single 1095:1100 arg1 diameter 1122:1129 single allergen mean wheal diameter 1095:1129 single allergen mean wheal diameter 1095:1129 In both cohorts, IgG glycome composition did not differ in allergen sensitized subjects, nor children sensitized to individual allergens, single allergen mean wheal diameter or positive wheal sum values. 27616597 5 15 theme mass 849:852 arg1 spectrometry 854:865 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 825:865 liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 803:865 IgG was isolated from serum/plasma by affinity chromatography on Protein G. IgG tryptic glycopeptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 27616597 9 16 theme glycome 1374:1380 arg1 composition 1382:1392 serum IgG glycome composition 1364:1392 serum IgG glycome composition 1364:1392 In conclusion, our findings demonstrate no association between serum IgG glycome composition and allergic diseases in children. 27616597 7 17 theme positive 1134:1141 arg1 values 1153:1158 positive wheal sum values 1134:1158 positive wheal sum values 1134:1158 In both cohorts, IgG glycome composition did not differ in allergen sensitized subjects, nor children sensitized to individual allergens, single allergen mean wheal diameter or positive wheal sum values. 27616597 5 18 theme tryptic 764:770 arg1 glycopeptides 772:784 IgG tryptic glycopeptides 760:784 IgG tryptic glycopeptides 760:784 IgG was isolated from serum/plasma by affinity chromatography on Protein G. IgG tryptic glycopeptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 27616597 4 19 with allergen 497:504 arg1 subjects 665:672 893 subjects 661:672 893 subjects in total 661:681 Subclass specific IgG glycosylation profile was analyzed in two cohorts of allergen sensitized and non-sensitized 3- to 11-year-old children (conducted at University of Aberdeen, UK and Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia) with 893 subjects in total. 27616597 5 20 theme liquid 803:808 arg1 chromatography 810:823 liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 803:865 liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 803:865 IgG was isolated from serum/plasma by affinity chromatography on Protein G. IgG tryptic glycopeptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 27616597 7 21 theme wheal 1143:1147 arg1 values 1153:1158 positive wheal sum values 1134:1158 positive wheal sum values 1134:1158 In both cohorts, IgG glycome composition did not differ in allergen sensitized subjects, nor children sensitized to individual allergens, single allergen mean wheal diameter or positive wheal sum values. 27616597 4 22 theme specific 431:438 arg1 profile 458:464 Subclass specific IgG glycosylation profile 422:464 Subclass specific IgG glycosylation profile 422:464 Subclass specific IgG glycosylation profile was analyzed in two cohorts of allergen sensitized and non-sensitized 3- to 11-year-old children (conducted at University of Aberdeen, UK and Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia) with 893 subjects in total. 27616597 0 23 theme age 33:35 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of allergic diseases and age on the composition of serum IgG glycome in children 0:87 Effects of allergic diseases and age on the composition of serum IgG glycome in children. 27616597 7 24 theme sum 1149:1151 arg1 values 1153:1158 positive wheal sum values 1134:1158 positive wheal sum values 1134:1158 In both cohorts, IgG glycome composition did not differ in allergen sensitized subjects, nor children sensitized to individual allergens, single allergen mean wheal diameter or positive wheal sum values. 27616597 3 25 theme IgG 374:376 arg1 profile 392:398 patients' IgG glycosylation profile 364:398 patients' IgG glycosylation profile in allergic diseases 364:419 This is the first study investigating patients' IgG glycosylation profile in allergic diseases. 27616597 4 26 theme Subclass 422:429 arg1 profile 458:464 Subclass specific IgG glycosylation profile 422:464 Subclass specific IgG glycosylation profile 422:464 Subclass specific IgG glycosylation profile was analyzed in two cohorts of allergen sensitized and non-sensitized 3- to 11-year-old children (conducted at University of Aberdeen, UK and Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia) with 893 subjects in total. 27616597 7 27 theme sensitized 1025:1034 arg1 subjects 1036:1043 allergen sensitized subjects 1016:1043 allergen sensitized subjects 1016:1043 In both cohorts, IgG glycome composition did not differ in allergen sensitized subjects, nor children sensitized to individual allergens, single allergen mean wheal diameter or positive wheal sum values. 27616597 2 28 from glycans 186:192 arg1 region 204:209 the Fc region 197:209 the Fc region 197:209 The glycans on the Fc region are known to affect IgG effector functions, thereby possibly having a role in IgG modulation of allergic response. 27616597 2 29 theme response 316:323 arg1 modulation 293:302 IgG modulation 289:302 IgG modulation of allergic response 289:323 The glycans on the Fc region are known to affect IgG effector functions, thereby possibly having a role in IgG modulation of allergic response. 27616597 4 30 theme allergen 497:504 arg1 cohorts 486:492 two cohorts 482:492 two cohorts of allergen sensitized and non-sensitized 3- to 11-year-old children (conducted at University of Aberdeen, UK and Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia) with 893 subjects in total 482:681 Subclass specific IgG glycosylation profile was analyzed in two cohorts of allergen sensitized and non-sensitized 3- to 11-year-old children (conducted at University of Aberdeen, UK and Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia) with 893 subjects in total. 27616597 5 31 gly glycopeptides 772:784 arg2 glycopeptides 772:784 IgG tryptic glycopeptides 760:784 IgG tryptic glycopeptides 760:784 IgG was isolated from serum/plasma by affinity chromatography on Protein G. IgG tryptic glycopeptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 27616597 4 32 from subjects 665:672 arg1 total 677:681 total 677:681 total 677:681 Subclass specific IgG glycosylation profile was analyzed in two cohorts of allergen sensitized and non-sensitized 3- to 11-year-old children (conducted at University of Aberdeen, UK and Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia) with 893 subjects in total. 27616597 1 33 theme regulatory 143:152 arg1 role 154:157 a regulatory role 141:157 a regulatory role 141:157 It is speculated that immunoglobulin G (IgG) plays a regulatory role in allergic reactions. 27616597 0 34 theme diseases 20:27 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of allergic diseases and age on the composition of serum IgG glycome in children 0:87 Effects of allergic diseases and age on the composition of serum IgG glycome in children. 27616597 7 35 dep sensitized 1025:1034 arg1 allergen 1016:1023 allergen 1016:1023 allergen 1016:1023 In both cohorts, IgG glycome composition did not differ in allergen sensitized subjects, nor children sensitized to individual allergens, single allergen mean wheal diameter or positive wheal sum values. 27616597 5 36 theme IgG 760:762 arg1 glycopeptides 772:784 IgG tryptic glycopeptides 760:784 IgG tryptic glycopeptides 760:784 IgG was isolated from serum/plasma by affinity chromatography on Protein G. IgG tryptic glycopeptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 27616597 0 37 theme allergic 11:18 arg1 diseases 20:27 allergic diseases 11:27 allergic diseases 11:27 Effects of allergic diseases and age on the composition of serum IgG glycome in children. 27616597 4 38 dep 11-year-old 542:552 arg1 to 539:540 to 539:540 to 539:540 Subclass specific IgG glycosylation profile was analyzed in two cohorts of allergen sensitized and non-sensitized 3- to 11-year-old children (conducted at University of Aberdeen, UK and Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia) with 893 subjects in total. 27616597 2 39 theme effector 235:242 arg1 functions 244:252 IgG effector functions 231:252 IgG effector functions 231:252 The glycans on the Fc region are known to affect IgG effector functions, thereby possibly having a role in IgG modulation of allergic response. 27616597 3 40 theme allergic 403:410 arg1 diseases 412:419 allergic diseases 403:419 allergic diseases 403:419 This is the first study investigating patients' IgG glycosylation profile in allergic diseases. 27616597 3 41 theme first 338:342 arg1 This 326:329 This 326:329 This 326:329 This is the first study investigating patients' IgG glycosylation profile in allergic diseases. 27616597 3 41 theme first 338:342 arg1 study 344:348 the first study 334:348 the first study investigating patients' IgG glycosylation profile in allergic diseases 334:419 This is the first study investigating patients' IgG glycosylation profile in allergic diseases. 27616597 4 42 theme sensitized 506:515 arg1 allergen 497:504 allergen sensitized 497:515 allergen sensitized 497:515 Subclass specific IgG glycosylation profile was analyzed in two cohorts of allergen sensitized and non-sensitized 3- to 11-year-old children (conducted at University of Aberdeen, UK and Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia) with 893 subjects in total. 27616597 1 43 theme allergic 162:169 arg1 reactions 171:179 allergic reactions 162:179 allergic reactions 162:179 It is speculated that immunoglobulin G (IgG) plays a regulatory role in allergic reactions. 27616597 8 44 dep self-reported 1260:1272 arg1 manifest 1274:1281 manifest 1274:1281 manifest allergic disease 1274:1298 In the Zagreb study the results were also replicated for high total serum IgE and in children with self-reported manifest allergic disease. 27616597 2 45 theme allergic 307:314 arg1 response 316:323 allergic response 307:323 allergic response 307:323 The glycans on the Fc region are known to affect IgG effector functions, thereby possibly having a role in IgG modulation of allergic response. 27616597 3 46 theme glycosylation 378:390 arg1 profile 392:398 patients' IgG glycosylation profile 364:398 patients' IgG glycosylation profile in allergic diseases 364:419 This is the first study investigating patients' IgG glycosylation profile in allergic diseases. 27616597 7 47 theme allergen 1102:1109 arg1 diameter 1122:1129 single allergen mean wheal diameter 1095:1129 single allergen mean wheal diameter 1095:1129 In both cohorts, IgG glycome composition did not differ in allergen sensitized subjects, nor children sensitized to individual allergens, single allergen mean wheal diameter or positive wheal sum values. 27616597 9 48 theme serum 1364:1368 arg1 composition 1382:1392 serum IgG glycome composition 1364:1392 serum IgG glycome composition 1364:1392 In conclusion, our findings demonstrate no association between serum IgG glycome composition and allergic diseases in children. 27616597 8 49 theme high 1218:1221 arg1 IgE 1235:1237 high total serum IgE 1218:1237 high total serum IgE 1218:1237 In the Zagreb study the results were also replicated for high total serum IgE and in children with self-reported manifest allergic disease. 27616597 5 50 dep chromatography 810:823 arg1 spectrometry 854:865 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 825:865 liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 803:865 IgG was isolated from serum/plasma by affinity chromatography on Protein G. IgG tryptic glycopeptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 27616597 7 51 theme individual 1073:1082 arg1 allergens 1084:1092 individual allergens 1073:1092 individual allergens 1073:1092 In both cohorts, IgG glycome composition did not differ in allergen sensitized subjects, nor children sensitized to individual allergens, single allergen mean wheal diameter or positive wheal sum values. 27616597 5 52 theme electrospray 825:836 arg1 spectrometry 854:865 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 825:865 liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 803:865 IgG was isolated from serum/plasma by affinity chromatography on Protein G. IgG tryptic glycopeptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 27616597 0 53 from composition 44:54 arg1 children 80:87 children 80:87 children 80:87 Effects of allergic diseases and age on the composition of serum IgG glycome in children. 27616597 3 54 from profile 392:398 arg1 diseases 412:419 allergic diseases 403:419 allergic diseases 403:419 This is the first study investigating patients' IgG glycosylation profile in allergic diseases. 27616597 8 55 theme serum 1229:1233 arg1 IgE 1235:1237 high total serum IgE 1218:1237 high total serum IgE 1218:1237 In the Zagreb study the results were also replicated for high total serum IgE and in children with self-reported manifest allergic disease. 27616597 5 56 theme affinity 722:729 arg1 chromatography 731:744 affinity chromatography 722:744 affinity chromatography on Protein G. IgG tryptic glycopeptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 722:865 IgG was isolated from serum/plasma by affinity chromatography on Protein G. IgG tryptic glycopeptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 27616597 6 57 theme IgG 889:891 arg1 composition 901:911 IgG glycome composition 889:911 IgG glycome composition 889:911 In the Zagreb cohort IgG glycome composition changed with age across all IgG subclasses. 27616597 6 58 theme Zagreb 875:880 arg1 cohort 882:887 the Zagreb cohort 871:887 the Zagreb cohort 871:887 In the Zagreb cohort IgG glycome composition changed with age across all IgG subclasses. 27616597 4 59 with children 554:561 arg1 subjects 665:672 893 subjects 661:672 893 subjects in total 661:681 Subclass specific IgG glycosylation profile was analyzed in two cohorts of allergen sensitized and non-sensitized 3- to 11-year-old children (conducted at University of Aberdeen, UK and Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia) with 893 subjects in total. 27616597 5 60 attach isolated 692:699 arg2 IgG 684:686 IgG 684:686 IgG 684:686 IgG was isolated from serum/plasma by affinity chromatography on Protein G. IgG tryptic glycopeptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 27616597 5 60 attach isolated 692:699 arg1 serum/plasma 706:717 serum/plasma 706:717 serum/plasma 706:717 IgG was isolated from serum/plasma by affinity chromatography on Protein G. IgG tryptic glycopeptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 27616597 8 61 theme total 1223:1227 arg1 IgE 1235:1237 high total serum IgE 1218:1237 high total serum IgE 1218:1237 In the Zagreb study the results were also replicated for high total serum IgE and in children with self-reported manifest allergic disease. 27616597 5 62 from chromatography 731:744 arg1 Protein 749:755 Protein G. IgG tryptic glycopeptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 749:865 Protein G. IgG tryptic glycopeptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 749:865 IgG was isolated from serum/plasma by affinity chromatography on Protein G. IgG tryptic glycopeptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 27616597 7 63 theme IgG 974:976 arg1 composition 986:996 IgG glycome composition 974:996 IgG glycome composition 974:996 In both cohorts, IgG glycome composition did not differ in allergen sensitized subjects, nor children sensitized to individual allergens, single allergen mean wheal diameter or positive wheal sum values. 27616597 7 64 theme glycome 978:984 arg1 composition 986:996 IgG glycome composition 974:996 IgG glycome composition 974:996 In both cohorts, IgG glycome composition did not differ in allergen sensitized subjects, nor children sensitized to individual allergens, single allergen mean wheal diameter or positive wheal sum values. 27616597 8 65 with children 1246:1253 arg1 self-reported 1260:1272 self-reported 1260:1272 self-reported 1260:1272 In the Zagreb study the results were also replicated for high total serum IgE and in children with self-reported manifest allergic disease. 27616597 8 66 theme allergic 1283:1290 arg1 disease 1292:1298 allergic disease 1283:1298 allergic disease 1283:1298 In the Zagreb study the results were also replicated for high total serum IgE and in children with self-reported manifest allergic disease. 27616597 9 67 theme allergic 1398:1405 arg1 diseases 1407:1414 allergic diseases 1398:1414 allergic diseases in children 1398:1426 In conclusion, our findings demonstrate no association between serum IgG glycome composition and allergic diseases in children. 27616597 8 68 theme Zagreb 1168:1173 arg1 study 1175:1179 the Zagreb study 1164:1179 the Zagreb study 1164:1179 In the Zagreb study the results were also replicated for high total serum IgE and in children with self-reported manifest allergic disease. 27616597 4 69 theme children 554:561 arg1 cohorts 486:492 two cohorts 482:492 two cohorts of allergen sensitized and non-sensitized 3- to 11-year-old children (conducted at University of Aberdeen, UK and Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia) with 893 subjects in total 482:681 Subclass specific IgG glycosylation profile was analyzed in two cohorts of allergen sensitized and non-sensitized 3- to 11-year-old children (conducted at University of Aberdeen, UK and Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia) with 893 subjects in total. 27616597 4 70 dep children 554:561 arg1 conducted 564:572 conducted 564:572 conducted at University of Aberdeen, UK and Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia 564:653 Subclass specific IgG glycosylation profile was analyzed in two cohorts of allergen sensitized and non-sensitized 3- to 11-year-old children (conducted at University of Aberdeen, UK and Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia) with 893 subjects in total. 27616597 2 71 theme Fc 201:202 arg1 region 204:209 the Fc region 197:209 the Fc region 197:209 The glycans on the Fc region are known to affect IgG effector functions, thereby possibly having a role in IgG modulation of allergic response. 27616597 9 72 from diseases 1407:1414 arg1 children 1419:1426 children 1419:1426 children 1419:1426 In conclusion, our findings demonstrate no association between serum IgG glycome composition and allergic diseases in children. 27616597 1 73 theme immunoglobulin 112:125 arg1 G 127:127 immunoglobulin G 112:127 immunoglobulin G (IgG) 112:133 It is speculated that immunoglobulin G (IgG) plays a regulatory role in allergic reactions. 27616597 1 73 theme immunoglobulin 112:125 arg1 IgG 130:132 IgG 130:132 IgG 130:132 It is speculated that immunoglobulin G (IgG) plays a regulatory role in allergic reactions. 27616597 6 74 theme IgG 941:943 arg1 subclasses 945:954 all IgG subclasses 937:954 all IgG subclasses 937:954 In the Zagreb cohort IgG glycome composition changed with age across all IgG subclasses. 27616597 4 75 theme glycosylation 444:456 arg1 profile 458:464 Subclass specific IgG glycosylation profile 422:464 Subclass specific IgG glycosylation profile 422:464 Subclass specific IgG glycosylation profile was analyzed in two cohorts of allergen sensitized and non-sensitized 3- to 11-year-old children (conducted at University of Aberdeen, UK and Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia) with 893 subjects in total. 27616597 7 76 theme wheal 1116:1120 arg1 diameter 1122:1129 single allergen mean wheal diameter 1095:1129 single allergen mean wheal diameter 1095:1129 In both cohorts, IgG glycome composition did not differ in allergen sensitized subjects, nor children sensitized to individual allergens, single allergen mean wheal diameter or positive wheal sum values. 27616597 9 77 from composition 1382:1392 arg1 children 1419:1426 children 1419:1426 children 1419:1426 In conclusion, our findings demonstrate no association between serum IgG glycome composition and allergic diseases in children. 27616597 5 78 theme ionization 838:847 arg1 spectrometry 854:865 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 825:865 liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 803:865 IgG was isolated from serum/plasma by affinity chromatography on Protein G. IgG tryptic glycopeptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 27616597 6 79 theme glycome 893:899 arg1 composition 901:911 IgG glycome composition 889:911 IgG glycome composition 889:911 In the Zagreb cohort IgG glycome composition changed with age across all IgG subclasses. 25080539 8 0 theme lower 1308:1312 arg1 weights 1319:1325 lower body weights 1308:1325 lower body weights 1308:1325 HF-fed offspring had lower body weights and percentage body fat (∼23% in males, ∼19% in females) at 24 wk than did C offspring (P < 0.02). 25080539 13 1 theme fiber 1986:1990 arg1 diet 2000:2003 A high prebiotic fiber weaning diet 1969:2003 A high prebiotic fiber weaning diet 1969:2003 A high prebiotic fiber weaning diet mitigated increased adiposity and insulin resistance associated with maternal PR, which could improve health and decrease risk of chronic disease in offspring born to malnourished dams. 25080539 13 2 theme prebiotic 1976:1984 arg1 diet 2000:2003 A high prebiotic fiber weaning diet 1969:2003 A high prebiotic fiber weaning diet 1969:2003 A high prebiotic fiber weaning diet mitigated increased adiposity and insulin resistance associated with maternal PR, which could improve health and decrease risk of chronic disease in offspring born to malnourished dams. 25080539 9 3 theme greater 1473:1479 arg1 spp 1503:1505 greater cecal Bifidobacterium spp 1473:1505 greater cecal Bifidobacterium spp 1473:1505 Compared with C pups, pups fed the HF diet had greater cecal Bifidobacterium spp. 25080539 13 4 theme disease 2143:2149 arg1 risk 2127:2130 risk 2127:2130 risk of chronic disease in offspring born to malnourished dams 2127:2188 A high prebiotic fiber weaning diet mitigated increased adiposity and insulin resistance associated with maternal PR, which could improve health and decrease risk of chronic disease in offspring born to malnourished dams. 25080539 7 5 theme offspring 1195:1203 arg1 weight 1211:1216 offspring birth weight 1195:1216 offspring birth weight 1195:1216 Maternal PR reduced offspring birth weight by 5% and lean mass by 9% compared with the C offspring (P < 0.007). 25080539 9 6 theme Bifidobacterium 1487:1501 arg1 spp 1503:1505 greater cecal Bifidobacterium spp 1473:1505 greater cecal Bifidobacterium spp 1473:1505 Compared with C pups, pups fed the HF diet had greater cecal Bifidobacterium spp. 25080539 10 7 theme >5-fold 1509:1515 arg1 concentrations 1529:1542 (>5-fold) and plasma concentrations 1508:1542 concentrations 1529:1542 (>5-fold) and plasma concentrations of the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05). 25080539 5 8 theme female 782:787 arg1 pups 789:792 Male and female pups 773:792 Male and female pups 773:792 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 11 9 theme insulin 1653:1659 arg1 resistance 1661:1670 insulin resistance 1653:1670 insulin resistance measured by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance 1653:1737 In male PR offspring fed the HF diet, insulin resistance measured by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was reduced by 81% compared with those fed the C diet (P = 0.02). 25080539 14 10 theme further 2301:2307 arg1 investigation 2309:2321 further investigation 2301:2321 further investigation 2301:2321 However, the functional importance of sex-specific changes in markers of intestinal barrier function warrants further investigation. 25080539 11 11 theme C 1786:1786 arg1 diet 1788:1791 the C diet 1782:1791 the C diet (P = 0.02) 1782:1802 In male PR offspring fed the HF diet, insulin resistance measured by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was reduced by 81% compared with those fed the C diet (P = 0.02). 25080539 11 11 theme C 1786:1786 arg1 P 1794:1794 P = 0.02 1794:1801 P = 0.02 1794:1801 In male PR offspring fed the HF diet, insulin resistance measured by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was reduced by 81% compared with those fed the C diet (P = 0.02). 25080539 13 12 theme high 1971:1974 arg1 diet 2000:2003 A high prebiotic fiber weaning diet 1969:2003 A high prebiotic fiber weaning diet 1969:2003 A high prebiotic fiber weaning diet mitigated increased adiposity and insulin resistance associated with maternal PR, which could improve health and decrease risk of chronic disease in offspring born to malnourished dams. 25080539 13 13 from risk 2127:2130 arg1 offspring 2154:2162 offspring 2154:2162 offspring born to malnourished dams 2154:2188 A high prebiotic fiber weaning diet mitigated increased adiposity and insulin resistance associated with maternal PR, which could improve health and decrease risk of chronic disease in offspring born to malnourished dams. 25080539 14 14 theme function 2283:2290 arg1 markers 2253:2259 markers 2253:2259 markers of intestinal barrier function 2253:2290 However, the functional importance of sex-specific changes in markers of intestinal barrier function warrants further investigation. 25080539 5 15 from wk 990:991 arg1 wt 942:943 wt 942:943 wt 942:943 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 5 15 from wk 990:991 arg1 inulin 974:979 inulin 974:979 inulin 974:979 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 5 15 from wk 990:991 arg1 oligofructose 956:968 1:1 ratio oligofructose 946:968 1:1 ratio oligofructose 946:968 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 13 16 theme maternal 2074:2081 arg1 PR 2083:2084 maternal PR 2074:2084 maternal PR 2074:2084 A high prebiotic fiber weaning diet mitigated increased adiposity and insulin resistance associated with maternal PR, which could improve health and decrease risk of chronic disease in offspring born to malnourished dams. 25080539 2 17 from life 479:482 arg1 early 460:464 early 460:464 early 460:464 A few studies have shown that this adverse programming can be reversed by dietary or hormonal therapies early in postnatal life. 25080539 14 18 theme intestinal 2264:2273 arg1 function 2283:2290 intestinal barrier function 2264:2290 intestinal barrier function 2264:2290 However, the functional importance of sex-specific changes in markers of intestinal barrier function warrants further investigation. 25080539 11 19 theme = 1796:1796 arg1 diet 1788:1791 the C diet 1782:1791 the C diet (P = 0.02) 1782:1802 In male PR offspring fed the HF diet, insulin resistance measured by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was reduced by 81% compared with those fed the C diet (P = 0.02). 25080539 11 19 theme = 1796:1796 arg1 P 1794:1794 P = 0.02 1794:1801 P = 0.02 1794:1801 In male PR offspring fed the HF diet, insulin resistance measured by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was reduced by 81% compared with those fed the C diet (P = 0.02). 25080539 10 20 theme glucagon-like 1571:1583 arg1 peptide 1585:1591 the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 1547:1593 the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05) 1547:1612 (>5-fold) and plasma concentrations of the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05). 25080539 10 20 theme glucagon-like 1571:1583 arg1 GLP-2 1596:1600 GLP-2 1596:1600 GLP-2 1596:1600 (>5-fold) and plasma concentrations of the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05). 25080539 10 20 theme glucagon-like 1571:1583 arg1 < 1606:1606 P < 0.05 1604:1611 P < 0.05 1604:1611 (>5-fold) and plasma concentrations of the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05). 25080539 1 21 from effects 258:264 arg1 offspring 269:277 offspring 269:277 offspring 269:277 Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy is known to have numerous adverse effects on offspring, including increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance later in life. 25080539 5 22 theme ratio 892:896 arg1 oligofructose 898:910 1:1 ratio oligofructose 888:910 1:1 ratio oligofructose 888:910 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 1 23 contain have 236:239 arg2 tolerance 331:339 impaired glucose tolerance 314:339 impaired glucose tolerance 314:339 Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy is known to have numerous adverse effects on offspring, including increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance later in life. 25080539 1 23 contain have 236:239 arg2 effects 258:264 numerous adverse effects 241:264 numerous adverse effects 241:264 Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy is known to have numerous adverse effects on offspring, including increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance later in life. 25080539 1 23 contain have 236:239 arg1 PR 203:204 PR 203:204 PR 203:204 Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy is known to have numerous adverse effects on offspring, including increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance later in life. 25080539 1 23 contain have 236:239 arg2 adiposity 300:308 increased adiposity 290:308 increased adiposity 290:308 Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy is known to have numerous adverse effects on offspring, including increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance later in life. 25080539 1 23 contain have 236:239 arg1 restriction 190:200 Maternal protein restriction 173:200 Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy 173:222 Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy is known to have numerous adverse effects on offspring, including increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance later in life. 25080539 5 24 theme Male 773:776 arg1 pups 789:792 Male and female pups 773:792 Male and female pups 773:792 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 10 25 theme trophic 1555:1561 arg1 peptide 1585:1591 the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 1547:1593 the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05) 1547:1612 (>5-fold) and plasma concentrations of the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05). 25080539 10 25 theme trophic 1555:1561 arg1 GLP-2 1596:1600 GLP-2 1596:1600 GLP-2 1596:1600 (>5-fold) and plasma concentrations of the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05). 25080539 10 25 theme trophic 1555:1561 arg1 < 1606:1606 P < 0.05 1604:1611 P < 0.05 1604:1611 (>5-fold) and plasma concentrations of the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05). 25080539 6 26 theme tolerance 1041:1049 arg1 wk 1022:1023 24 wk 1019:1023 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability 1019:1141 At 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability were measured in the offspring. 25080539 5 27 theme % 879:879 arg1 wt 881:882 21% wt 877:882 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein 877:1006 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 11 28 theme male 1618:1621 arg1 offspring 1626:1634 male PR offspring 1618:1634 male PR offspring fed the HF diet 1618:1650 In male PR offspring fed the HF diet, insulin resistance measured by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was reduced by 81% compared with those fed the C diet (P = 0.02). 25080539 14 29 theme changes 2242:2248 arg1 importance 2215:2224 the functional importance 2200:2224 the functional importance of sex-specific changes in markers of intestinal barrier function 2200:2290 However, the functional importance of sex-specific changes in markers of intestinal barrier function warrants further investigation. 25080539 3 30 theme negative 599:606 arg1 effects 608:614 the negative effects 595:614 the negative effects of maternal PR 595:629 The objective of this study was to determine if a weaning diet high in prebiotic fiber could mitigate some of the negative effects of maternal PR, such as increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance. 25080539 5 31 theme % 824:824 arg1 fiber 826:830 5% fiber 823:830 5% fiber 823:830 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 12 32 theme female 1808:1813 arg1 offspring 1818:1826 female PR offspring 1808:1826 female PR offspring fed the HF diet 1808:1842 In female PR offspring fed the HF diet, plasma endotoxin was greater and colonic tight junction protein 1 (Tjp1) expression was lower than in those fed the C diet. 25080539 6 33 theme markers 1108:1114 arg1 wk 1022:1023 24 wk 1019:1023 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability 1019:1141 At 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability were measured in the offspring. 25080539 8 34 theme P 1415:1415 arg1 offspring 1404:1412 C offspring 1402:1412 C offspring (P < 0.02) 1402:1423 HF-fed offspring had lower body weights and percentage body fat (∼23% in males, ∼19% in females) at 24 wk than did C offspring (P < 0.02). 25080539 8 34 theme P 1415:1415 arg1 < 1417:1417 P < 0.02 1415:1422 P < 0.02 1415:1422 HF-fed offspring had lower body weights and percentage body fat (∼23% in males, ∼19% in females) at 24 wk than did C offspring (P < 0.02). 25080539 7 35 theme P 1275:1275 arg1 offspring 1264:1272 the C offspring 1258:1272 the C offspring (P < 0.007) 1258:1284 Maternal PR reduced offspring birth weight by 5% and lean mass by 9% compared with the C offspring (P < 0.007). 25080539 7 35 theme P 1275:1275 arg1 0.007 1279:1283 P < 0.007 1275:1283 P < 0.007 1275:1283 Maternal PR reduced offspring birth weight by 5% and lean mass by 9% compared with the C offspring (P < 0.007). 25080539 1 36 theme Maternal 173:180 arg1 PR 203:204 PR 203:204 PR 203:204 Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy is known to have numerous adverse effects on offspring, including increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance later in life. 25080539 1 36 theme Maternal 173:180 arg1 restriction 190:200 Maternal protein restriction 173:200 Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy 173:222 Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy is known to have numerous adverse effects on offspring, including increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance later in life. 25080539 6 37 theme gut 1088:1090 arg1 microbiota 1092:1101 gut microbiota 1088:1101 gut microbiota 1088:1101 At 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability were measured in the offspring. 25080539 5 38 dep C 820:820 arg1 fiber 826:830 5% fiber 823:830 5% fiber 823:830 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 5 38 dep C 820:820 arg1 protein 837:843 20% protein 833:843 20% protein 833:843 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 2 39 theme adverse 391:397 arg1 programming 399:409 this adverse programming 386:409 this adverse programming 386:409 A few studies have shown that this adverse programming can be reversed by dietary or hormonal therapies early in postnatal life. 25080539 6 40 theme hormones 1078:1085 arg1 wk 1022:1023 24 wk 1019:1023 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability 1019:1141 At 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability were measured in the offspring. 25080539 11 41 theme resistance 1728:1737 arg1 assessment 1706:1715 the homeostasis model assessment 1684:1715 the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance 1684:1737 In male PR offspring fed the HF diet, insulin resistance measured by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was reduced by 81% compared with those fed the C diet (P = 0.02). 25080539 5 42 theme high 849:852 arg1 fiber 866:870 high (prebiotic) fiber 849:870 high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) 849:1007 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 5 42 theme high 849:852 arg1 prebiotic 855:863 prebiotic 855:863 prebiotic 855:863 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 2 43 theme hormonal 441:448 arg1 therapies 450:458 dietary or hormonal therapies 430:458 dietary or hormonal therapies early in postnatal life 430:482 A few studies have shown that this adverse programming can be reversed by dietary or hormonal therapies early in postnatal life. 25080539 5 44 dep control 811:817 arg1 diets 1009:1013 diets 1009:1013 diets 1009:1013 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 13 45 theme insulin 2039:2045 arg1 resistance 2047:2056 insulin resistance 2039:2056 insulin resistance 2039:2056 A high prebiotic fiber weaning diet mitigated increased adiposity and insulin resistance associated with maternal PR, which could improve health and decrease risk of chronic disease in offspring born to malnourished dams. 25080539 0 46 theme Postnatal 0:8 arg1 intake 26:31 Postnatal prebiotic fiber intake 0:31 Postnatal prebiotic fiber intake in offspring exposed to gestational protein restriction 0:87 Postnatal prebiotic fiber intake in offspring exposed to gestational protein restriction has sex-specific effects on insulin resistance and intestinal permeability in rats. 25080539 5 47 theme 1:1 946:948 arg1 oligofructose 956:968 1:1 ratio oligofructose 946:968 1:1 ratio oligofructose 946:968 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 2 48 theme dietary 430:436 arg1 therapies 450:458 dietary or hormonal therapies 430:458 dietary or hormonal therapies early in postnatal life 430:482 A few studies have shown that this adverse programming can be reversed by dietary or hormonal therapies early in postnatal life. 25080539 4 49 theme low- 715:718 arg1 diet 750:753 a low- (8%) or normal- (20%) protein diet 713:753 a low- (8%) or normal- (20%) protein diet 713:753 Wistar rats were fed a low- (8%) or normal- (20%) protein diet during pregnancy. 25080539 3 50 from fiber 566:570 arg1 high 548:551 high 548:551 high 548:551 The objective of this study was to determine if a weaning diet high in prebiotic fiber could mitigate some of the negative effects of maternal PR, such as increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance. 25080539 0 51 theme fiber 20:24 arg1 intake 26:31 Postnatal prebiotic fiber intake 0:31 Postnatal prebiotic fiber intake in offspring exposed to gestational protein restriction 0:87 Postnatal prebiotic fiber intake in offspring exposed to gestational protein restriction has sex-specific effects on insulin resistance and intestinal permeability in rats. 25080539 1 52 theme increased 290:298 arg1 adiposity 300:308 increased adiposity 290:308 increased adiposity 290:308 Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy is known to have numerous adverse effects on offspring, including increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance later in life. 25080539 5 53 theme % 835:835 arg1 protein 837:843 20% protein 833:843 20% protein 833:843 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 2 54 theme postnatal 469:477 arg1 life 479:482 postnatal life 469:482 postnatal life 469:482 A few studies have shown that this adverse programming can be reversed by dietary or hormonal therapies early in postnatal life. 25080539 3 55 theme PR 628:629 arg1 effects 608:614 the negative effects 595:614 the negative effects of maternal PR 595:629 The objective of this study was to determine if a weaning diet high in prebiotic fiber could mitigate some of the negative effects of maternal PR, such as increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance. 25080539 8 56 from % 1370:1370 arg1 females 1375:1381 females 1375:1381 females 1375:1381 HF-fed offspring had lower body weights and percentage body fat (∼23% in males, ∼19% in females) at 24 wk than did C offspring (P < 0.02). 25080539 13 57 theme increased 2015:2023 arg1 adiposity 2025:2033 increased adiposity 2015:2033 increased adiposity 2015:2033 A high prebiotic fiber weaning diet mitigated increased adiposity and insulin resistance associated with maternal PR, which could improve health and decrease risk of chronic disease in offspring born to malnourished dams. 25080539 2 58 theme early 460:464 arg1 therapies 450:458 dietary or hormonal therapies 430:458 dietary or hormonal therapies early in postnatal life 430:482 A few studies have shown that this adverse programming can be reversed by dietary or hormonal therapies early in postnatal life. 25080539 12 59 theme tight 1886:1890 arg1 protein 1901:1907 tight junction protein 1 1886:1909 colonic tight junction protein 1 (Tjp1) expression 1878:1927 In female PR offspring fed the HF diet, plasma endotoxin was greater and colonic tight junction protein 1 (Tjp1) expression was lower than in those fed the C diet. 25080539 12 59 theme tight 1886:1890 arg1 Tjp1 1912:1915 Tjp1 1912:1915 Tjp1 1912:1915 In female PR offspring fed the HF diet, plasma endotoxin was greater and colonic tight junction protein 1 (Tjp1) expression was lower than in those fed the C diet. 25080539 0 60 theme gestational 57:67 arg1 restriction 77:87 gestational protein restriction 57:87 gestational protein restriction 57:87 Postnatal prebiotic fiber intake in offspring exposed to gestational protein restriction has sex-specific effects on insulin resistance and intestinal permeability in rats. 25080539 6 61 theme intestinal 1119:1128 arg1 permeability 1130:1141 intestinal permeability 1119:1141 intestinal permeability 1119:1141 At 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability were measured in the offspring. 25080539 1 62 theme glucose 323:329 arg1 tolerance 331:339 impaired glucose tolerance 314:339 impaired glucose tolerance 314:339 Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy is known to have numerous adverse effects on offspring, including increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance later in life. 25080539 7 63 theme lean 1228:1231 arg1 mass 1233:1236 lean mass 1228:1236 lean mass 1228:1236 Maternal PR reduced offspring birth weight by 5% and lean mass by 9% compared with the C offspring (P < 0.007). 25080539 12 64 theme protein 1901:1907 arg1 expression 1918:1927 colonic tight junction protein 1 (Tjp1) expression 1878:1927 colonic tight junction protein 1 (Tjp1) expression 1878:1927 In female PR offspring fed the HF diet, plasma endotoxin was greater and colonic tight junction protein 1 (Tjp1) expression was lower than in those fed the C diet. 25080539 3 65 theme increased 640:648 arg1 adiposity 650:658 increased adiposity 640:658 increased adiposity 640:658 The objective of this study was to determine if a weaning diet high in prebiotic fiber could mitigate some of the negative effects of maternal PR, such as increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance. 25080539 4 66 theme normal- 728:734 arg1 diet 750:753 a low- (8%) or normal- (20%) protein diet 713:753 a low- (8%) or normal- (20%) protein diet 713:753 Wistar rats were fed a low- (8%) or normal- (20%) protein diet during pregnancy. 25080539 0 67 contain has 89:91 arg2 effects 106:112 sex-specific effects 93:112 sex-specific effects 93:112 Postnatal prebiotic fiber intake in offspring exposed to gestational protein restriction has sex-specific effects on insulin resistance and intestinal permeability in rats. 25080539 0 67 contain has 89:91 arg1 intake 26:31 Postnatal prebiotic fiber intake 0:31 Postnatal prebiotic fiber intake in offspring exposed to gestational protein restriction 0:87 Postnatal prebiotic fiber intake in offspring exposed to gestational protein restriction has sex-specific effects on insulin resistance and intestinal permeability in rats. 25080539 3 68 theme study 507:511 arg1 objective 489:497 The objective 485:497 The objective of this study 485:511 The objective of this study was to determine if a weaning diet high in prebiotic fiber could mitigate some of the negative effects of maternal PR, such as increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance. 25080539 8 69 theme body 1342:1345 arg1 fat 1347:1349 percentage body fat 1331:1349 percentage body fat (∼23% in males, ∼19% in females) 1331:1382 HF-fed offspring had lower body weights and percentage body fat (∼23% in males, ∼19% in females) at 24 wk than did C offspring (P < 0.02). 25080539 5 70 theme % 998:998 arg1 protein 1000:1006 17.3% protein 994:1006 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein 877:1006 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 5 71 from wk 931:932 arg1 wt 884:885 wt 884:885 wt 884:885 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 5 71 from wk 931:932 arg1 inulin 916:921 inulin 916:921 inulin 916:921 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 5 71 from wk 931:932 arg1 oligofructose 898:910 1:1 ratio oligofructose 888:910 1:1 ratio oligofructose 888:910 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 10 72 theme peptide 1585:1591 arg1 concentrations 1529:1542 (>5-fold) and plasma concentrations 1508:1542 concentrations 1529:1542 (>5-fold) and plasma concentrations of the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05). 25080539 8 73 dep did 1398:1400 arg1 than 1393:1396 than 1393:1396 than 1393:1396 HF-fed offspring had lower body weights and percentage body fat (∼23% in males, ∼19% in females) at 24 wk than did C offspring (P < 0.02). 25080539 0 74 from resistance 125:134 arg1 rats 167:170 rats 167:170 rats 167:170 Postnatal prebiotic fiber intake in offspring exposed to gestational protein restriction has sex-specific effects on insulin resistance and intestinal permeability in rats. 25080539 3 75 theme glucose 673:679 arg1 tolerance 681:689 impaired glucose tolerance 664:689 impaired glucose tolerance 664:689 The objective of this study was to determine if a weaning diet high in prebiotic fiber could mitigate some of the negative effects of maternal PR, such as increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance. 25080539 6 76 theme age 1028:1030 arg1 wk 1022:1023 24 wk 1019:1023 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability 1019:1141 At 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability were measured in the offspring. 25080539 2 77 theme few 358:360 arg1 studies 362:368 A few studies 356:368 A few studies 356:368 A few studies have shown that this adverse programming can be reversed by dietary or hormonal therapies early in postnatal life. 25080539 13 78 theme malnourished 2172:2183 arg1 dams 2185:2188 malnourished dams 2172:2188 malnourished dams 2172:2188 A high prebiotic fiber weaning diet mitigated increased adiposity and insulin resistance associated with maternal PR, which could improve health and decrease risk of chronic disease in offspring born to malnourished dams. 25080539 1 79 theme adverse 250:256 arg1 effects 258:264 numerous adverse effects 241:264 numerous adverse effects 241:264 Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy is known to have numerous adverse effects on offspring, including increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance later in life. 25080539 1 79 theme adverse 250:256 arg1 adiposity 300:308 increased adiposity 290:308 increased adiposity 290:308 Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy is known to have numerous adverse effects on offspring, including increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance later in life. 25080539 1 79 theme adverse 250:256 arg1 tolerance 331:339 impaired glucose tolerance 314:339 impaired glucose tolerance 314:339 Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy is known to have numerous adverse effects on offspring, including increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance later in life. 25080539 7 80 theme birth 1205:1209 arg1 weight 1211:1216 offspring birth weight 1195:1216 offspring birth weight 1195:1216 Maternal PR reduced offspring birth weight by 5% and lean mass by 9% compared with the C offspring (P < 0.007). 25080539 13 81 theme weaning 1992:1998 arg1 diet 2000:2003 A high prebiotic fiber weaning diet 1969:2003 A high prebiotic fiber weaning diet 1969:2003 A high prebiotic fiber weaning diet mitigated increased adiposity and insulin resistance associated with maternal PR, which could improve health and decrease risk of chronic disease in offspring born to malnourished dams. 25080539 11 82 theme HF 1644:1645 arg1 diet 1647:1650 the HF diet 1640:1650 the HF diet 1640:1650 In male PR offspring fed the HF diet, insulin resistance measured by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was reduced by 81% compared with those fed the C diet (P = 0.02). 25080539 8 83 theme body 1314:1317 arg1 weights 1319:1325 lower body weights 1308:1325 lower body weights 1308:1325 HF-fed offspring had lower body weights and percentage body fat (∼23% in males, ∼19% in females) at 24 wk than did C offspring (P < 0.02). 25080539 9 84 theme cecal 1481:1485 arg1 spp 1503:1505 greater cecal Bifidobacterium spp 1473:1505 greater cecal Bifidobacterium spp 1473:1505 Compared with C pups, pups fed the HF diet had greater cecal Bifidobacterium spp. 25080539 5 85 dep wt 881:882 arg1 wt 884:885 wt 884:885 wt 884:885 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 5 85 dep wt 881:882 arg1 oligofructose 956:968 1:1 ratio oligofructose 946:968 1:1 ratio oligofructose 946:968 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 5 85 dep wt 881:882 arg1 inulin 916:921 inulin 916:921 inulin 916:921 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 5 85 dep wt 881:882 arg1 wt 939:940 10% wt 935:940 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein 877:1006 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 5 85 dep wt 881:882 arg1 protein 1000:1006 17.3% protein 994:1006 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein 877:1006 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 5 85 dep wt 881:882 arg1 wt 942:943 wt 942:943 wt 942:943 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 5 85 dep wt 881:882 arg1 inulin 974:979 inulin 974:979 inulin 974:979 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 5 85 dep wt 881:882 arg1 oligofructose 898:910 1:1 ratio oligofructose 888:910 1:1 ratio oligofructose 888:910 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 1 86 theme protein 182:188 arg1 PR 203:204 PR 203:204 PR 203:204 Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy is known to have numerous adverse effects on offspring, including increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance later in life. 25080539 1 86 theme protein 182:188 arg1 restriction 190:200 Maternal protein restriction 173:200 Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy 173:222 Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy is known to have numerous adverse effects on offspring, including increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance later in life. 25080539 11 87 theme insulin 1720:1726 arg1 resistance 1728:1737 insulin resistance 1720:1737 insulin resistance 1720:1737 In male PR offspring fed the HF diet, insulin resistance measured by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was reduced by 81% compared with those fed the C diet (P = 0.02). 25080539 7 88 theme Maternal 1175:1182 arg1 PR 1184:1185 Maternal PR 1175:1185 Maternal PR 1175:1185 Maternal PR reduced offspring birth weight by 5% and lean mass by 9% compared with the C offspring (P < 0.007). 25080539 12 89 theme C 1961:1961 arg1 diet 1963:1966 the C diet 1957:1966 the C diet 1957:1966 In female PR offspring fed the HF diet, plasma endotoxin was greater and colonic tight junction protein 1 (Tjp1) expression was lower than in those fed the C diet. 25080539 3 90 theme high 548:551 arg1 diet 543:546 a weaning diet 533:546 a weaning diet high in prebiotic fiber 533:570 The objective of this study was to determine if a weaning diet high in prebiotic fiber could mitigate some of the negative effects of maternal PR, such as increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance. 25080539 4 91 dep normal- 728:734 arg1 % 739:739 20% 737:739 20% 737:739 Wistar rats were fed a low- (8%) or normal- (20%) protein diet during pregnancy. 25080539 5 92 dep HF 873:874 arg1 wt 881:882 21% wt 877:882 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein 877:1006 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 6 93 theme satiety 1070:1076 arg1 hormones 1078:1085 satiety hormones 1070:1085 satiety hormones 1070:1085 At 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability were measured in the offspring. 25080539 3 94 theme weaning 535:541 arg1 diet 543:546 a weaning diet 533:546 a weaning diet high in prebiotic fiber 533:570 The objective of this study was to determine if a weaning diet high in prebiotic fiber could mitigate some of the negative effects of maternal PR, such as increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance. 25080539 14 95 theme barrier 2275:2281 arg1 function 2283:2290 intestinal barrier function 2264:2290 intestinal barrier function 2264:2290 However, the functional importance of sex-specific changes in markers of intestinal barrier function warrants further investigation. 25080539 5 96 dep fiber 866:870 arg1 HF 873:874 HF 873:874 HF 873:874 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 6 97 theme composition 1057:1067 arg1 wk 1022:1023 24 wk 1019:1023 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability 1019:1141 At 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability were measured in the offspring. 25080539 5 98 theme 1:1 888:890 arg1 oligofructose 898:910 1:1 ratio oligofructose 888:910 1:1 ratio oligofructose 888:910 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 12 99 theme plasma 1845:1850 arg1 endotoxin 1852:1860 plasma endotoxin 1845:1860 plasma endotoxin 1845:1860 In female PR offspring fed the HF diet, plasma endotoxin was greater and colonic tight junction protein 1 (Tjp1) expression was lower than in those fed the C diet. 25080539 13 100 theme chronic 2135:2141 arg1 disease 2143:2149 chronic disease 2135:2149 chronic disease 2135:2149 A high prebiotic fiber weaning diet mitigated increased adiposity and insulin resistance associated with maternal PR, which could improve health and decrease risk of chronic disease in offspring born to malnourished dams. 25080539 12 101 theme HF 1836:1837 arg1 diet 1839:1842 the HF diet 1832:1842 the HF diet 1832:1842 In female PR offspring fed the HF diet, plasma endotoxin was greater and colonic tight junction protein 1 (Tjp1) expression was lower than in those fed the C diet. 25080539 10 102 theme hormone 1563:1569 arg1 peptide 1585:1591 the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 1547:1593 the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05) 1547:1612 (>5-fold) and plasma concentrations of the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05). 25080539 10 102 theme hormone 1563:1569 arg1 GLP-2 1596:1600 GLP-2 1596:1600 GLP-2 1596:1600 (>5-fold) and plasma concentrations of the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05). 25080539 10 102 theme hormone 1563:1569 arg1 < 1606:1606 P < 0.05 1604:1611 P < 0.05 1604:1611 (>5-fold) and plasma concentrations of the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05). 25080539 3 103 theme prebiotic 556:564 arg1 fiber 566:570 prebiotic fiber 556:570 prebiotic fiber 556:570 The objective of this study was to determine if a weaning diet high in prebiotic fiber could mitigate some of the negative effects of maternal PR, such as increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance. 25080539 4 104 dep low- 715:718 arg1 % 722:722 8% 721:722 8% 721:722 Wistar rats were fed a low- (8%) or normal- (20%) protein diet during pregnancy. 25080539 9 105 contain had 1469:1471 arg1 pups 1448:1451 pups 1448:1451 pups fed the HF diet 1448:1467 Compared with C pups, pups fed the HF diet had greater cecal Bifidobacterium spp. 25080539 9 105 contain had 1469:1471 arg2 spp 1503:1505 greater cecal Bifidobacterium spp 1473:1505 greater cecal Bifidobacterium spp 1473:1505 Compared with C pups, pups fed the HF diet had greater cecal Bifidobacterium spp. 25080539 10 106 theme gut 1551:1553 arg1 peptide 1585:1591 the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 1547:1593 the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05) 1547:1612 (>5-fold) and plasma concentrations of the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05). 25080539 10 106 theme gut 1551:1553 arg1 GLP-2 1596:1600 GLP-2 1596:1600 GLP-2 1596:1600 (>5-fold) and plasma concentrations of the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05). 25080539 10 106 theme gut 1551:1553 arg1 < 1606:1606 P < 0.05 1604:1611 P < 0.05 1604:1611 (>5-fold) and plasma concentrations of the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05). 25080539 6 107 theme glucose 1033:1039 arg1 tolerance 1041:1049 glucose tolerance 1033:1049 glucose tolerance 1033:1049 At 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability were measured in the offspring. 25080539 7 108 theme < 1277:1277 arg1 offspring 1264:1272 the C offspring 1258:1272 the C offspring (P < 0.007) 1258:1284 Maternal PR reduced offspring birth weight by 5% and lean mass by 9% compared with the C offspring (P < 0.007). 25080539 7 108 theme < 1277:1277 arg1 0.007 1279:1283 P < 0.007 1275:1283 P < 0.007 1275:1283 Maternal PR reduced offspring birth weight by 5% and lean mass by 9% compared with the C offspring (P < 0.007). 25080539 11 109 theme PR 1623:1624 arg1 offspring 1626:1634 male PR offspring 1618:1634 male PR offspring fed the HF diet 1618:1650 In male PR offspring fed the HF diet, insulin resistance measured by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was reduced by 81% compared with those fed the C diet (P = 0.02). 25080539 12 110 theme PR 1815:1816 arg1 offspring 1818:1826 female PR offspring 1808:1826 female PR offspring fed the HF diet 1808:1842 In female PR offspring fed the HF diet, plasma endotoxin was greater and colonic tight junction protein 1 (Tjp1) expression was lower than in those fed the C diet. 25080539 14 111 theme sex-specific 2229:2240 arg1 changes 2242:2248 sex-specific changes 2229:2248 sex-specific changes 2229:2248 However, the functional importance of sex-specific changes in markers of intestinal barrier function warrants further investigation. 25080539 8 112 dep fat 1347:1349 arg1 % 1370:1370 ∼19% 1367:1370 ∼19% in females 1367:1381 HF-fed offspring had lower body weights and percentage body fat (∼23% in males, ∼19% in females) at 24 wk than did C offspring (P < 0.02). 25080539 8 112 dep fat 1347:1349 arg1 % 1355:1355 ∼23% 1352:1355 ∼23% in males 1352:1364 HF-fed offspring had lower body weights and percentage body fat (∼23% in males, ∼19% in females) at 24 wk than did C offspring (P < 0.02). 25080539 4 113 theme Wistar 692:697 arg1 rats 699:702 Wistar rats 692:702 Wistar rats 692:702 Wistar rats were fed a low- (8%) or normal- (20%) protein diet during pregnancy. 25080539 3 114 from high 548:551 arg1 fiber 566:570 prebiotic fiber 556:570 prebiotic fiber 556:570 The objective of this study was to determine if a weaning diet high in prebiotic fiber could mitigate some of the negative effects of maternal PR, such as increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance. 25080539 0 115 theme protein 69:75 arg1 restriction 77:87 gestational protein restriction 57:87 gestational protein restriction 57:87 Postnatal prebiotic fiber intake in offspring exposed to gestational protein restriction has sex-specific effects on insulin resistance and intestinal permeability in rats. 25080539 8 116 theme C 1402:1402 arg1 offspring 1404:1412 C offspring 1402:1412 C offspring (P < 0.02) 1402:1423 HF-fed offspring had lower body weights and percentage body fat (∼23% in males, ∼19% in females) at 24 wk than did C offspring (P < 0.02). 25080539 8 116 theme C 1402:1402 arg1 < 1417:1417 P < 0.02 1415:1422 P < 0.02 1415:1422 HF-fed offspring had lower body weights and percentage body fat (∼23% in males, ∼19% in females) at 24 wk than did C offspring (P < 0.02). 25080539 0 117 from permeability 151:162 arg1 rats 167:170 rats 167:170 rats 167:170 Postnatal prebiotic fiber intake in offspring exposed to gestational protein restriction has sex-specific effects on insulin resistance and intestinal permeability in rats. 25080539 0 118 theme sex-specific 93:104 arg1 effects 106:112 sex-specific effects 93:112 sex-specific effects 93:112 Postnatal prebiotic fiber intake in offspring exposed to gestational protein restriction has sex-specific effects on insulin resistance and intestinal permeability in rats. 25080539 7 119 theme C 1262:1262 arg1 offspring 1264:1272 the C offspring 1258:1272 the C offspring (P < 0.007) 1258:1284 Maternal PR reduced offspring birth weight by 5% and lean mass by 9% compared with the C offspring (P < 0.007). 25080539 7 119 theme C 1262:1262 arg1 0.007 1279:1283 P < 0.007 1275:1283 P < 0.007 1275:1283 Maternal PR reduced offspring birth weight by 5% and lean mass by 9% compared with the C offspring (P < 0.007). 25080539 10 120 theme P 1604:1604 arg1 peptide 1585:1591 the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 1547:1593 the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05) 1547:1612 (>5-fold) and plasma concentrations of the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05). 25080539 10 120 theme P 1604:1604 arg1 < 1606:1606 P < 0.05 1604:1611 P < 0.05 1604:1611 (>5-fold) and plasma concentrations of the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05). 25080539 6 121 theme microbiota 1092:1101 arg1 wk 1022:1023 24 wk 1019:1023 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability 1019:1141 At 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability were measured in the offspring. 25080539 5 122 theme % 937:937 arg1 wt 939:940 10% wt 935:940 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein 877:1006 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 2 123 from early 460:464 arg1 life 479:482 postnatal life 469:482 postnatal life 469:482 A few studies have shown that this adverse programming can be reversed by dietary or hormonal therapies early in postnatal life. 25080539 8 124 contain had 1304:1306 arg2 weights 1319:1325 lower body weights 1308:1325 lower body weights 1308:1325 HF-fed offspring had lower body weights and percentage body fat (∼23% in males, ∼19% in females) at 24 wk than did C offspring (P < 0.02). 25080539 8 124 contain had 1304:1306 arg1 offspring 1294:1302 HF-fed offspring 1287:1302 HF-fed offspring 1287:1302 HF-fed offspring had lower body weights and percentage body fat (∼23% in males, ∼19% in females) at 24 wk than did C offspring (P < 0.02). 25080539 8 124 contain had 1304:1306 arg2 fat 1347:1349 percentage body fat 1331:1349 percentage body fat (∼23% in males, ∼19% in females) 1331:1382 HF-fed offspring had lower body weights and percentage body fat (∼23% in males, ∼19% in females) at 24 wk than did C offspring (P < 0.02). 25080539 0 125 theme insulin 117:123 arg1 resistance 125:134 insulin resistance 117:134 insulin resistance 117:134 Postnatal prebiotic fiber intake in offspring exposed to gestational protein restriction has sex-specific effects on insulin resistance and intestinal permeability in rats. 25080539 14 126 theme functional 2204:2213 arg1 importance 2215:2224 the functional importance 2200:2224 the functional importance of sex-specific changes in markers of intestinal barrier function 2200:2290 However, the functional importance of sex-specific changes in markers of intestinal barrier function warrants further investigation. 25080539 14 127 from importance 2215:2224 arg1 markers 2253:2259 markers 2253:2259 markers of intestinal barrier function 2253:2290 However, the functional importance of sex-specific changes in markers of intestinal barrier function warrants further investigation. 25080539 0 128 theme prebiotic 10:18 arg1 intake 26:31 Postnatal prebiotic fiber intake 0:31 Postnatal prebiotic fiber intake in offspring exposed to gestational protein restriction 0:87 Postnatal prebiotic fiber intake in offspring exposed to gestational protein restriction has sex-specific effects on insulin resistance and intestinal permeability in rats. 25080539 10 129 dep >5-fold 1509:1515 arg1 plasma 1522:1527 (>5-fold) and plasma concentrations 1508:1542 plasma 1522:1527 (>5-fold) and plasma concentrations of the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05). 25080539 8 130 from % 1355:1355 arg1 males 1360:1364 males 1360:1364 males 1360:1364 HF-fed offspring had lower body weights and percentage body fat (∼23% in males, ∼19% in females) at 24 wk than did C offspring (P < 0.02). 25080539 5 131 theme ratio 950:954 arg1 oligofructose 956:968 1:1 ratio oligofructose 946:968 1:1 ratio oligofructose 946:968 Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. 25080539 11 132 theme homeostasis 1688:1698 arg1 assessment 1706:1715 the homeostasis model assessment 1684:1715 the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance 1684:1737 In male PR offspring fed the HF diet, insulin resistance measured by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was reduced by 81% compared with those fed the C diet (P = 0.02). 25080539 3 133 theme maternal 619:626 arg1 PR 628:629 maternal PR 619:629 maternal PR 619:629 The objective of this study was to determine if a weaning diet high in prebiotic fiber could mitigate some of the negative effects of maternal PR, such as increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance. 25080539 12 134 theme junction 1892:1899 arg1 protein 1901:1907 tight junction protein 1 1886:1909 colonic tight junction protein 1 (Tjp1) expression 1878:1927 In female PR offspring fed the HF diet, plasma endotoxin was greater and colonic tight junction protein 1 (Tjp1) expression was lower than in those fed the C diet. 25080539 12 134 theme junction 1892:1899 arg1 Tjp1 1912:1915 Tjp1 1912:1915 Tjp1 1912:1915 In female PR offspring fed the HF diet, plasma endotoxin was greater and colonic tight junction protein 1 (Tjp1) expression was lower than in those fed the C diet. 25080539 6 135 theme permeability 1130:1141 arg1 composition 1057:1067 body composition 1052:1067 body composition 1052:1067 At 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability were measured in the offspring. 25080539 6 135 theme permeability 1130:1141 arg1 markers 1108:1114 markers 1108:1114 markers of intestinal permeability 1108:1141 At 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability were measured in the offspring. 25080539 6 135 theme permeability 1130:1141 arg1 tolerance 1041:1049 glucose tolerance 1033:1049 glucose tolerance 1033:1049 At 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability were measured in the offspring. 25080539 6 135 theme permeability 1130:1141 arg1 hormones 1078:1085 satiety hormones 1070:1085 satiety hormones 1070:1085 At 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability were measured in the offspring. 25080539 6 135 theme permeability 1130:1141 arg1 microbiota 1092:1101 gut microbiota 1088:1101 gut microbiota 1088:1101 At 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability were measured in the offspring. 25080539 6 135 theme permeability 1130:1141 arg1 age 1028:1030 age 1028:1030 age 1028:1030 At 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability were measured in the offspring. 25080539 1 136 theme impaired 314:321 arg1 tolerance 331:339 impaired glucose tolerance 314:339 impaired glucose tolerance 314:339 Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy is known to have numerous adverse effects on offspring, including increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance later in life. 25080539 9 137 theme C 1440:1440 arg1 pups 1442:1445 C pups 1440:1445 C pups 1440:1445 Compared with C pups, pups fed the HF diet had greater cecal Bifidobacterium spp. 25080539 0 138 dep offspring 36:44 arg1 exposed 46:52 exposed 46:52 offspring exposed to gestational protein restriction 36:87 Postnatal prebiotic fiber intake in offspring exposed to gestational protein restriction has sex-specific effects on insulin resistance and intestinal permeability in rats. 25080539 0 139 theme intestinal 140:149 arg1 permeability 151:162 intestinal permeability 140:162 intestinal permeability 140:162 Postnatal prebiotic fiber intake in offspring exposed to gestational protein restriction has sex-specific effects on insulin resistance and intestinal permeability in rats. 25080539 4 140 theme protein 742:748 arg1 diet 750:753 a low- (8%) or normal- (20%) protein diet 713:753 a low- (8%) or normal- (20%) protein diet 713:753 Wistar rats were fed a low- (8%) or normal- (20%) protein diet during pregnancy. 25080539 8 141 theme percentage 1331:1340 arg1 fat 1347:1349 percentage body fat 1331:1349 percentage body fat (∼23% in males, ∼19% in females) 1331:1382 HF-fed offspring had lower body weights and percentage body fat (∼23% in males, ∼19% in females) at 24 wk than did C offspring (P < 0.02). 25080539 6 142 theme body 1052:1055 arg1 composition 1057:1067 body composition 1052:1067 body composition 1052:1067 At 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability were measured in the offspring. 25080539 9 143 theme HF 1461:1462 arg1 diet 1464:1467 the HF diet 1457:1467 the HF diet 1457:1467 Compared with C pups, pups fed the HF diet had greater cecal Bifidobacterium spp. 25080539 12 144 theme colonic 1878:1884 arg1 expression 1918:1927 colonic tight junction protein 1 (Tjp1) expression 1878:1927 colonic tight junction protein 1 (Tjp1) expression 1878:1927 In female PR offspring fed the HF diet, plasma endotoxin was greater and colonic tight junction protein 1 (Tjp1) expression was lower than in those fed the C diet. 25080539 3 145 theme impaired 664:671 arg1 tolerance 681:689 impaired glucose tolerance 664:689 impaired glucose tolerance 664:689 The objective of this study was to determine if a weaning diet high in prebiotic fiber could mitigate some of the negative effects of maternal PR, such as increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance. 25080539 8 146 theme HF-fed 1287:1292 arg1 offspring 1294:1302 HF-fed offspring 1287:1302 HF-fed offspring 1287:1302 HF-fed offspring had lower body weights and percentage body fat (∼23% in males, ∼19% in females) at 24 wk than did C offspring (P < 0.02). 25080539 11 147 theme model 1700:1704 arg1 assessment 1706:1715 the homeostasis model assessment 1684:1715 the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance 1684:1737 In male PR offspring fed the HF diet, insulin resistance measured by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was reduced by 81% compared with those fed the C diet (P = 0.02). 25080539 1 148 theme numerous 241:248 arg1 effects 258:264 numerous adverse effects 241:264 numerous adverse effects 241:264 Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy is known to have numerous adverse effects on offspring, including increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance later in life. 25080539 1 148 theme numerous 241:248 arg1 adiposity 300:308 increased adiposity 290:308 increased adiposity 290:308 Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy is known to have numerous adverse effects on offspring, including increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance later in life. 25080539 1 148 theme numerous 241:248 arg1 tolerance 331:339 impaired glucose tolerance 314:339 impaired glucose tolerance 314:339 Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy is known to have numerous adverse effects on offspring, including increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance later in life. 28603760 0 0 theme coffee 73:78 arg1 carbohydrates 88:100 coffee related carbohydrates 73:100 coffee related carbohydrates 73:100 Data on coffee composition and mass spectrometry analysis of mixtures of coffee related carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and peptides. 28603760 5 1 theme type 1161:1164 arg1 identification 1134:1147 the identification 1130:1147 the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples 1130:1194 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 5 2 from samples 1188:1194 arg1 type 1161:1164 the same type 1152:1164 the same type of compounds in other samples 1152:1194 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 5 3 theme compounds 946:954 arg1 standards 956:964 phenolic compounds standards 937:964 phenolic compounds standards 937:964 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 1 4 theme main 236:239 arg1 mechanism 241:249 a main mechanism 234:249 a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins 234:298 The data presented here are related to the research paper entitled "Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: inhibition by Maillard reaction" (Moreira et al., 2017) [1]. 28603760 1 4 theme main 236:239 arg1 reactions 223:231 Transglycosylation reactions 204:231 Transglycosylation reactions 204:231 The data presented here are related to the research paper entitled "Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: inhibition by Maillard reaction" (Moreira et al., 2017) [1]. 28603760 5 5 theme gas 800:802 arg1 chromatograms 845:857 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms 800:857 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms 800:857 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 3 6 theme transglycosylation 641:658 arg1 reactions 660:668 transglycosylation reactions extension 641:678 transglycosylation reactions extension 641:678 Moreover, model mixtures mimicking coffee beans composition were roasted and analyzed using mass spectrometry-based approaches to disclose the regulatory role of proteins in transglycosylation reactions extension. 28603760 0 7 theme carbohydrates 88:100 arg1 peptides 126:133 peptides 126:133 peptides 126:133 Data on coffee composition and mass spectrometry analysis of mixtures of coffee related carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and peptides. 28603760 0 7 theme carbohydrates 88:100 arg1 compounds 112:120 phenolic compounds 103:120 phenolic compounds 103:120 Data on coffee composition and mass spectrometry analysis of mixtures of coffee related carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and peptides. 28603760 0 7 theme carbohydrates 88:100 arg1 mixtures 61:68 mixtures 61:68 mixtures of coffee related carbohydrates 61:100 Data on coffee composition and mass spectrometry analysis of mixtures of coffee related carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and peptides. 28603760 0 8 from Data 0:3 arg1 composition 15:25 coffee composition 8:25 coffee composition 8:25 Data on coffee composition and mass spectrometry analysis of mixtures of coffee related carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and peptides. 28603760 0 8 from Data 0:3 arg1 analysis 49:56 mass spectrometry analysis 31:56 mass spectrometry analysis 31:56 Data on coffee composition and mass spectrometry analysis of mixtures of coffee related carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and peptides. 28603760 5 9 theme phenolic 937:944 arg1 compounds 946:954 phenolic compounds 937:954 phenolic compounds standards 937:964 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 5 10 theme mass 1048:1051 arg1 spectrometry 1053:1064 electrospray mass spectrometry 1035:1064 electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures 1035:1108 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 5 10 theme mass 1048:1051 arg1 ESI-MS 1067:1072 ESI-MS 1067:1072 ESI-MS 1067:1072 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 0 11 theme related 80:86 arg1 carbohydrates 88:100 coffee related carbohydrates 73:100 coffee related carbohydrates 73:100 Data on coffee composition and mass spectrometry analysis of mixtures of coffee related carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and peptides. 28603760 2 12 from phenolics 441:449 arg1 melanoidins 454:464 melanoidins 454:464 melanoidins 454:464 Methanolysis was applied in coffee fractions to quantify glycosidically-linked phenolics in melanoidins. 28603760 5 13 theme compounds 1013:1021 arg1 identification 991:1004 the detailed identification 978:1004 the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures 978:1108 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 5 13 theme compounds 1013:1021 arg1 standards 956:964 phenolic compounds standards 937:964 phenolic compounds standards 937:964 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 1 14 theme phenolics 254:262 arg1 incorporation 264:276 phenolics incorporation 254:276 phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins 254:298 The data presented here are related to the research paper entitled "Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: inhibition by Maillard reaction" (Moreira et al., 2017) [1]. 28603760 0 15 theme phenolic 103:110 arg1 compounds 112:120 phenolic compounds 103:120 phenolic compounds 103:120 Data on coffee composition and mass spectrometry analysis of mixtures of coffee related carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and peptides. 28603760 4 16 theme derived 756:762 arg1 fractions 764:772 derived fractions 756:772 derived fractions 756:772 This article reports the detailed chemical composition of coffee beans and derived fractions. 28603760 5 17 theme detailed 982:989 arg1 identification 991:1004 the detailed identification 978:1004 the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures 978:1108 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 4 18 theme fractions 764:772 arg1 composition 724:734 the detailed chemical composition 702:734 the detailed chemical composition of coffee beans and derived fractions 702:772 This article reports the detailed chemical composition of coffee beans and derived fractions. 28603760 3 19 from role 621:624 arg1 reactions 660:668 transglycosylation reactions extension 641:678 transglycosylation reactions extension 641:678 Moreover, model mixtures mimicking coffee beans composition were roasted and analyzed using mass spectrometry-based approaches to disclose the regulatory role of proteins in transglycosylation reactions extension. 28603760 5 20 theme silylated 891:899 arg1 products 914:921 silylated methanolysis products 891:921 silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures 891:1108 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 0 21 theme spectrometry 36:47 arg1 analysis 49:56 mass spectrometry analysis 31:56 mass spectrometry analysis 31:56 Data on coffee composition and mass spectrometry analysis of mixtures of coffee related carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and peptides. 28603760 1 22 from melanoidins 288:298 arg1 mechanism 241:249 a main mechanism 234:249 a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins 234:298 The data presented here are related to the research paper entitled "Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: inhibition by Maillard reaction" (Moreira et al., 2017) [1]. 28603760 1 22 from melanoidins 288:298 arg1 reactions 223:231 Transglycosylation reactions 204:231 Transglycosylation reactions 204:231 The data presented here are related to the research paper entitled "Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: inhibition by Maillard reaction" (Moreira et al., 2017) [1]. 28603760 5 23 theme methanolysis 901:912 arg1 products 914:921 silylated methanolysis products 891:921 silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures 891:1108 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 5 24 theme GC-MS 838:842 arg1 chromatograms 845:857 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms 800:857 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms 800:857 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 1 25 from incorporation 264:276 arg1 melanoidins 288:298 coffee melanoidins 281:298 coffee melanoidins 281:298 The data presented here are related to the research paper entitled "Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: inhibition by Maillard reaction" (Moreira et al., 2017) [1]. 28603760 2 26 link glycosidically-linked 419:439 arg1 phenolics 441:449 glycosidically-linked phenolics 419:449 glycosidically-linked phenolics in melanoidins 419:464 Methanolysis was applied in coffee fractions to quantify glycosidically-linked phenolics in melanoidins. 28603760 3 27 theme mass 559:562 arg1 approaches 583:592 mass spectrometry-based approaches 559:592 mass spectrometry-based approaches 559:592 Moreover, model mixtures mimicking coffee beans composition were roasted and analyzed using mass spectrometry-based approaches to disclose the regulatory role of proteins in transglycosylation reactions extension. 28603760 5 28 theme products 914:921 arg1 spectra 880:886 respective GC-MS spectra 863:886 respective GC-MS spectra 863:886 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 5 28 theme products 914:921 arg1 chromatograms 845:857 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms 800:857 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms 800:857 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 1 29 theme incorporation 264:276 arg1 mechanism 241:249 a main mechanism 234:249 a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins 234:298 The data presented here are related to the research paper entitled "Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: inhibition by Maillard reaction" (Moreira et al., 2017) [1]. 28603760 1 29 theme incorporation 264:276 arg1 reactions 223:231 Transglycosylation reactions 204:231 Transglycosylation reactions 204:231 The data presented here are related to the research paper entitled "Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: inhibition by Maillard reaction" (Moreira et al., 2017) [1]. 28603760 5 30 theme compounds 1169:1177 arg1 type 1161:1164 the same type 1152:1164 the same type of compounds in other samples 1152:1194 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 3 31 theme spectrometry-based 564:581 arg1 approaches 583:592 mass spectrometry-based approaches 559:592 mass spectrometry-based approaches 559:592 Moreover, model mixtures mimicking coffee beans composition were roasted and analyzed using mass spectrometry-based approaches to disclose the regulatory role of proteins in transglycosylation reactions extension. 28603760 4 32 theme chemical 715:722 arg1 composition 724:734 the detailed chemical composition 702:734 the detailed chemical composition of coffee beans and derived fractions 702:772 This article reports the detailed chemical composition of coffee beans and derived fractions. 28603760 1 33 dep Moreira 335:341 arg1 [1 357:358 [1 357:358 [1 357:358 The data presented here are related to the research paper entitled "Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: inhibition by Maillard reaction" (Moreira et al., 2017) [1]. 28603760 5 34 theme spectrometry 1053:1064 arg1 analysis 1075:1082 electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis 1035:1082 electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures 1035:1108 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 5 35 theme roasted 1087:1093 arg1 mixtures 1101:1108 roasted model mixtures 1087:1108 roasted model mixtures 1087:1108 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 1 36 theme research 179:186 arg1 paper 188:192 the research paper 175:192 the research paper 175:192 The data presented here are related to the research paper entitled "Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: inhibition by Maillard reaction" (Moreira et al., 2017) [1]. 28603760 0 37 theme coffee 8:13 arg1 composition 15:25 coffee composition 8:25 coffee composition 8:25 Data on coffee composition and mass spectrometry analysis of mixtures of coffee related carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and peptides. 28603760 1 38 theme coffee 281:286 arg1 melanoidins 288:298 coffee melanoidins 281:298 coffee melanoidins 281:298 The data presented here are related to the research paper entitled "Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: inhibition by Maillard reaction" (Moreira et al., 2017) [1]. 28603760 0 39 theme compounds 112:120 arg1 composition 15:25 coffee composition 8:25 coffee composition 8:25 Data on coffee composition and mass spectrometry analysis of mixtures of coffee related carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and peptides. 28603760 0 39 theme compounds 112:120 arg1 analysis 49:56 mass spectrometry analysis 31:56 mass spectrometry analysis 31:56 Data on coffee composition and mass spectrometry analysis of mixtures of coffee related carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and peptides. 28603760 5 40 from compounds 1169:1177 arg1 samples 1188:1194 other samples 1182:1194 other samples 1182:1194 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 4 41 link derived 756:762 arg1 fractions 764:772 derived fractions 756:772 derived fractions 756:772 This article reports the detailed chemical composition of coffee beans and derived fractions. 28603760 5 42 theme GC-MS 874:878 arg1 spectra 880:886 respective GC-MS spectra 863:886 respective GC-MS spectra 863:886 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 0 43 theme mass 31:34 arg1 analysis 49:56 mass spectrometry analysis 31:56 mass spectrometry analysis 31:56 Data on coffee composition and mass spectrometry analysis of mixtures of coffee related carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and peptides. 28603760 5 44 theme chromatography-mass 804:822 arg1 chromatograms 845:857 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms 800:857 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms 800:857 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 1 45 from mechanism 241:249 arg1 melanoidins 288:298 coffee melanoidins 281:298 coffee melanoidins 281:298 The data presented here are related to the research paper entitled "Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: inhibition by Maillard reaction" (Moreira et al., 2017) [1]. 28603760 5 46 theme spectrometry 824:835 arg1 chromatograms 845:857 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms 800:857 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms 800:857 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 5 47 theme other 1182:1186 arg1 samples 1188:1194 other samples 1182:1194 other samples 1182:1194 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 1 48 dep reactions 223:231 arg1 inhibition 301:310 inhibition 301:310 inhibition by Maillard reaction" (Moreira et al., 2017) [1] 301:359 The data presented here are related to the research paper entitled "Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: inhibition by Maillard reaction" (Moreira et al., 2017) [1]. 28603760 5 49 from type 1161:1164 arg1 samples 1188:1194 other samples 1182:1194 other samples 1182:1194 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 4 50 theme coffee 739:744 arg1 beans 746:750 coffee beans 739:750 coffee beans 739:750 This article reports the detailed chemical composition of coffee beans and derived fractions. 28603760 0 51 theme peptides 126:133 arg1 composition 15:25 coffee composition 8:25 coffee composition 8:25 Data on coffee composition and mass spectrometry analysis of mixtures of coffee related carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and peptides. 28603760 0 51 theme peptides 126:133 arg1 analysis 49:56 mass spectrometry analysis 31:56 mass spectrometry analysis 31:56 Data on coffee composition and mass spectrometry analysis of mixtures of coffee related carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and peptides. 28603760 2 52 theme glycosidically-linked 419:439 arg1 phenolics 441:449 glycosidically-linked phenolics 419:449 glycosidically-linked phenolics in melanoidins 419:464 Methanolysis was applied in coffee fractions to quantify glycosidically-linked phenolics in melanoidins. 28603760 3 53 theme model 477:481 arg1 mixtures 483:490 model mixtures 477:490 model mixtures mimicking coffee beans composition 477:525 Moreover, model mixtures mimicking coffee beans composition were roasted and analyzed using mass spectrometry-based approaches to disclose the regulatory role of proteins in transglycosylation reactions extension. 28603760 1 54 theme Maillard 315:322 arg1 reaction 324:331 Maillard reaction" 315:332 Maillard reaction" (Moreira et al., 2017) [1] 315:359 The data presented here are related to the research paper entitled "Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: inhibition by Maillard reaction" (Moreira et al., 2017) [1]. 28603760 1 54 theme Maillard 315:322 arg1 Moreira 335:341 Moreira 335:341 Moreira 335:341 The data presented here are related to the research paper entitled "Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: inhibition by Maillard reaction" (Moreira et al., 2017) [1]. 28603760 5 55 theme model 1095:1099 arg1 mixtures 1101:1108 roasted model mixtures 1087:1108 roasted model mixtures 1087:1108 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 5 56 theme electrospray 1035:1046 arg1 spectrometry 1053:1064 electrospray mass spectrometry 1035:1064 electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures 1035:1108 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 5 56 theme electrospray 1035:1046 arg1 ESI-MS 1067:1072 ESI-MS 1067:1072 ESI-MS 1067:1072 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 1 57 theme Transglycosylation 204:221 arg1 mechanism 241:249 a main mechanism 234:249 a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins 234:298 The data presented here are related to the research paper entitled "Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: inhibition by Maillard reaction" (Moreira et al., 2017) [1]. 28603760 1 57 theme Transglycosylation 204:221 arg1 reactions 223:231 Transglycosylation reactions 204:231 Transglycosylation reactions 204:231 The data presented here are related to the research paper entitled "Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: inhibition by Maillard reaction" (Moreira et al., 2017) [1]. 28603760 5 58 theme mixtures 1101:1108 arg1 analysis 1075:1082 electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis 1035:1082 electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures 1035:1108 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 3 59 theme proteins 629:636 arg1 role 621:624 the regulatory role 606:624 the regulatory role of proteins in transglycosylation reactions extension 606:678 Moreover, model mixtures mimicking coffee beans composition were roasted and analyzed using mass spectrometry-based approaches to disclose the regulatory role of proteins in transglycosylation reactions extension. 28603760 4 60 theme beans 746:750 arg1 composition 724:734 the detailed chemical composition 702:734 the detailed chemical composition of coffee beans and derived fractions 702:772 This article reports the detailed chemical composition of coffee beans and derived fractions. 28603760 0 61 theme mixtures 61:68 arg1 composition 15:25 coffee composition 8:25 coffee composition 8:25 Data on coffee composition and mass spectrometry analysis of mixtures of coffee related carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and peptides. 28603760 0 61 theme mixtures 61:68 arg1 analysis 49:56 mass spectrometry analysis 31:56 mass spectrometry analysis 31:56 Data on coffee composition and mass spectrometry analysis of mixtures of coffee related carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and peptides. 28603760 3 62 theme regulatory 610:619 arg1 role 621:624 the regulatory role 606:624 the regulatory role of proteins in transglycosylation reactions extension 606:678 Moreover, model mixtures mimicking coffee beans composition were roasted and analyzed using mass spectrometry-based approaches to disclose the regulatory role of proteins in transglycosylation reactions extension. 28603760 5 63 theme respective 863:872 arg1 spectra 880:886 respective GC-MS spectra 863:886 respective GC-MS spectra 863:886 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 4 64 theme detailed 706:713 arg1 composition 724:734 the detailed chemical composition 702:734 the detailed chemical composition of coffee beans and derived fractions 702:772 This article reports the detailed chemical composition of coffee beans and derived fractions. 28603760 3 65 dep reactions 660:668 arg1 extension 670:678 extension 670:678 transglycosylation reactions extension 641:678 Moreover, model mixtures mimicking coffee beans composition were roasted and analyzed using mass spectrometry-based approaches to disclose the regulatory role of proteins in transglycosylation reactions extension. 28603760 5 66 theme same 1156:1159 arg1 type 1161:1164 the same type 1152:1164 the same type of compounds in other samples 1152:1194 In addition, it provides gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chromatograms and respective GC-MS spectra of silylated methanolysis products obtained from phenolic compounds standards, as well as the detailed identification of all compounds observed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of roasted model mixtures, paving the way for the identification of the same type of compounds in other samples. 28603760 2 67 theme coffee 390:395 arg1 fractions 397:405 coffee fractions 390:405 coffee fractions 390:405 Methanolysis was applied in coffee fractions to quantify glycosidically-linked phenolics in melanoidins. 28603760 3 68 theme beans 509:513 arg1 composition 515:525 coffee beans composition 502:525 coffee beans composition 502:525 Moreover, model mixtures mimicking coffee beans composition were roasted and analyzed using mass spectrometry-based approaches to disclose the regulatory role of proteins in transglycosylation reactions extension. 28744555 12 0 theme Bacillus 2113:2120 arg1 members 2092:2098 all other members 2082:2098 all other members 2082:2098 The results of molecular, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests showed a clear differentiation of strains 18CT and 6C from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus catenulatus sp. 28744555 3 1 from 17950T 536:541 arg1 Bacillus 605:612 the genus Bacillus 595:612 the genus Bacillus (<97.0%) 595:621 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 3 1 from 17950T 536:541 arg1 % 620:620 <97.0% 615:620 <97.0% 615:620 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 4 2 dep B. 821:822 arg1 halmapalus 824:833 halmapalus 824:833 halmapalus 824:833 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between 18CT and 6C and B. cohnii KCTC 3572T (49.6 ± 0.9 and 51.6 ± 0.7, respectively), B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (42.9 ± 0.8 and 47.1 ± 0.3, respectively) and B. halmapalus LMG 17950T (39.9 ± 0.8 and 40.8 ± 0.3, respectively) indicated that the novel strains were distantly related to these strains. 28744555 3 3 theme KCTC 468:471 arg1 13713T 473:478 Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T 444:478 Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively) 444:509 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 5 4 dep strains 1070:1076 arg1 strains 1070:1076 strains 18CT and 6C 1070:1088 strains 18CT and 6C 1070:1088 Further, the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (100%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (90 ± 5%) suggested that strains 18CT and 6C were members of a genomospecies. 28744555 5 4 dep strains 1070:1076 arg1 6C 1087:1088 6C 1087:1088 6C 1087:1088 Further, the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (100%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (90 ± 5%) suggested that strains 18CT and 6C were members of a genomospecies. 28744555 5 4 dep strains 1070:1076 arg1 18CT 1078:1081 18CT 1078:1081 18CT 1078:1081 Further, the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (100%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (90 ± 5%) suggested that strains 18CT and 6C were members of a genomospecies. 28744555 3 5 theme Bacillus 444:451 arg1 13713T 473:478 Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T 444:478 Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively) 444:509 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 14 6 theme type 2189:2192 arg1 strain 2194:2199 The type strain 2185:2199 The type strain 2185:2199 The type strain is 18CT (=KCTC 33781T = CGMCC 1.15475T). 28744555 14 6 theme type 2189:2192 arg1 18CT 2204:2207 18CT 2204:2207 18CT (=KCTC 33781T = CGMCC 1.15475T) 2204:2239 The type strain is 18CT (=KCTC 33781T = CGMCC 1.15475T). 28744555 11 7 theme DNA 1880:1882 arg1 % 1943:1943 39.3 and 39.2 mol% 1926:1943 39.3 and 39.2 mol% 1926:1943 The DNA G + C content of strains 18CT and 6C were 39.3 and 39.2 mol%, respectively. 28744555 11 7 theme DNA 1880:1882 arg1 content 1890:1896 The DNA G + C content 1876:1896 The DNA G + C content of strains 18CT and 6C 1876:1919 The DNA G + C content of strains 18CT and 6C were 39.3 and 39.2 mol%, respectively. 28744555 14 8 theme =KCTC 2210:2214 arg1 1.15475T 2231:2238 =KCTC 33781T = CGMCC 1.15475T 2210:2238 =KCTC 33781T = CGMCC 1.15475T 2210:2238 The type strain is 18CT (=KCTC 33781T = CGMCC 1.15475T). 28744555 14 8 theme =KCTC 2210:2214 arg1 18CT 2204:2207 18CT 2204:2207 18CT (=KCTC 33781T = CGMCC 1.15475T) 2204:2239 The type strain is 18CT (=KCTC 33781T = CGMCC 1.15475T). 28744555 10 9 theme iso-C17:0 1814:1822 arg1 proportions 1761:1771 significant proportions 1749:1771 significant proportions of anteiso-C15:0 (19.5%), C16:0 (11.5%), iso-C17:0 (9.5%) and anteiso-C17:0 (6.3%) 1749:1854 iso-C15:0 (32.5%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions of anteiso-C15:0 (19.5%), C16:0 (11.5%), iso-C17:0 (9.5%) and anteiso-C17:0 (6.3%) were also detected. 28744555 11 10 theme strains 1901:1907 arg1 % 1943:1943 39.3 and 39.2 mol% 1926:1943 39.3 and 39.2 mol% 1926:1943 The DNA G + C content of strains 18CT and 6C were 39.3 and 39.2 mol%, respectively. 28744555 11 10 theme strains 1901:1907 arg1 content 1890:1896 The DNA G + C content 1876:1896 The DNA G + C content of strains 18CT and 6C 1876:1919 The DNA G + C content of strains 18CT and 6C were 39.3 and 39.2 mol%, respectively. 28744555 8 11 theme unknown 1628:1634 arg1 L1-3 1644:1647 L1-3 1644:1647 L1-3 1644:1647 Polar lipids include diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), an unknown phospholipid (PL) and three unknown lipids (L1-3). 28744555 8 11 theme unknown 1628:1634 arg1 lipids 1636:1641 three unknown lipids 1622:1641 three unknown lipids (L1-3) 1622:1648 Polar lipids include diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), an unknown phospholipid (PL) and three unknown lipids (L1-3). 28744555 6 12 with pH 1155:1156 arg1 NaCl 1181:1184 2-3% (w/v) NaCl 1170:1184 2-3% (w/v) NaCl 1170:1184 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 7.5 with 2-3% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 18CT and 6C were catalase and oxidase negative. 28744555 4 13 dep 18CT 665:668 arg1 49.6 ± 0.9 703:712 49.6 ± 0.9 703:712 49.6 ± 0.9 703:712 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between 18CT and 6C and B. cohnii KCTC 3572T (49.6 ± 0.9 and 51.6 ± 0.7, respectively), B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (42.9 ± 0.8 and 47.1 ± 0.3, respectively) and B. halmapalus LMG 17950T (39.9 ± 0.8 and 40.8 ± 0.3, respectively) indicated that the novel strains were distantly related to these strains. 28744555 4 13 dep 18CT 665:668 arg1 51.6 ± 0.7 718:727 51.6 ± 0.7 718:727 51.6 ± 0.7 718:727 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between 18CT and 6C and B. cohnii KCTC 3572T (49.6 ± 0.9 and 51.6 ± 0.7, respectively), B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (42.9 ± 0.8 and 47.1 ± 0.3, respectively) and B. halmapalus LMG 17950T (39.9 ± 0.8 and 40.8 ± 0.3, respectively) indicated that the novel strains were distantly related to these strains. 28744555 3 14 theme sequence 256:263 arg1 analysis 265:272 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 242:272 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 242:272 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 9 15 theme predominant 1655:1665 arg1 MK-7 1690:1693 MK-7 1690:1693 MK-7 1690:1693 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 28744555 9 15 theme predominant 1655:1665 arg1 quinone 1678:1684 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1651:1684 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1651:1684 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 28744555 7 16 theme diamino 1350:1356 arg1 acid 1358:1361 the diagnostic diamino acid 1335:1361 the diagnostic diamino acid 1335:1361 The cell wall of strain 18CT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, which was in contrast with its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T, which contained ornithine and aspartic acid. 28744555 7 16 theme diamino 1350:1356 arg1 acid 1327:1330 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1307:1330 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1307:1330 The cell wall of strain 18CT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, which was in contrast with its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T, which contained ornithine and aspartic acid. 28744555 3 17 theme rRNA 246:249 arg1 analysis 265:272 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 242:272 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 242:272 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 3 18 theme halmapalus 521:530 arg1 17950T 536:541 Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T 512:541 Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) 512:572 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 10 19 theme fatty 1734:1738 arg1 acid 1740:1743 the predominant fatty acid 1718:1743 the predominant fatty acid 1718:1743 iso-C15:0 (32.5%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions of anteiso-C15:0 (19.5%), C16:0 (11.5%), iso-C17:0 (9.5%) and anteiso-C17:0 (6.3%) were also detected. 28744555 10 19 theme fatty 1734:1738 arg1 iso-C15:0 1696:1704 iso-C15:0 1696:1704 iso-C15:0 (32.5%) 1696:1712 iso-C15:0 (32.5%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions of anteiso-C15:0 (19.5%), C16:0 (11.5%), iso-C17:0 (9.5%) and anteiso-C17:0 (6.3%) were also detected. 28744555 12 20 dep strains 2057:2063 arg1 6C 2074:2075 6C 2074:2075 6C 2074:2075 The results of molecular, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests showed a clear differentiation of strains 18CT and 6C from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus catenulatus sp. 28744555 12 20 dep strains 2057:2063 arg1 18CT 2065:2068 18CT 2065:2068 18CT 2065:2068 The results of molecular, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests showed a clear differentiation of strains 18CT and 6C from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus catenulatus sp. 28744555 12 20 dep strains 2057:2063 arg1 strains 2057:2063 strains 18CT and 6C 2057:2075 strains 18CT and 6C 2057:2075 The results of molecular, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests showed a clear differentiation of strains 18CT and 6C from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus catenulatus sp. 28744555 12 21 from members 2092:2098 arg1 differentiation 2038:2052 a clear differentiation 2030:2052 a clear differentiation of strains 18CT and 6C from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus catenulatus sp 2030:2164 The results of molecular, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests showed a clear differentiation of strains 18CT and 6C from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus catenulatus sp. 28744555 7 22 theme KCTC 1423:1426 arg1 3572T 1428:1432 its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T 1391:1432 its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T 1391:1432 The cell wall of strain 18CT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, which was in contrast with its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T, which contained ornithine and aspartic acid. 28744555 2 23 attach isolated 195:202 arg2 strains 182:188 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 86:188 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 86:188 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from Lonar soda lake, India. 28744555 2 23 attach isolated 195:202 arg1 India 226:230 India 226:230 India 226:230 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from Lonar soda lake, India. 28744555 11 24 theme G + C 1884:1888 arg1 % 1943:1943 39.3 and 39.2 mol% 1926:1943 39.3 and 39.2 mol% 1926:1943 The DNA G + C content of strains 18CT and 6C were 39.3 and 39.2 mol%, respectively. 28744555 11 24 theme G + C 1884:1888 arg1 content 1890:1896 The DNA G + C content 1876:1896 The DNA G + C content of strains 18CT and 6C 1876:1919 The DNA G + C content of strains 18CT and 6C were 39.3 and 39.2 mol%, respectively. 28744555 5 25 theme genomospecies 1108:1120 arg1 members 1095:1101 members 1095:1101 members of a genomospecies 1095:1120 Further, the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (100%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (90 ± 5%) suggested that strains 18CT and 6C were members of a genomospecies. 28744555 4 26 dep B. 745:746 arg1 zhanjiangensis 748:761 zhanjiangensis 748:761 zhanjiangensis 748:761 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between 18CT and 6C and B. cohnii KCTC 3572T (49.6 ± 0.9 and 51.6 ± 0.7, respectively), B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (42.9 ± 0.8 and 47.1 ± 0.3, respectively) and B. halmapalus LMG 17950T (39.9 ± 0.8 and 40.8 ± 0.3, respectively) indicated that the novel strains were distantly related to these strains. 28744555 12 27 dep name 2137:2140 arg1 sp 2163:2164 Bacillus catenulatus sp 2142:2164 the name Bacillus catenulatus sp 2133:2164 The results of molecular, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests showed a clear differentiation of strains 18CT and 6C from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus catenulatus sp. 28744555 7 28 theme B. 1413:1414 arg1 3572T 1428:1432 its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T 1391:1432 its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T 1391:1432 The cell wall of strain 18CT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, which was in contrast with its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T, which contained ornithine and aspartic acid. 28744555 12 29 theme Bacillus 2142:2149 arg1 sp 2163:2164 Bacillus catenulatus sp 2142:2164 the name Bacillus catenulatus sp 2133:2164 The results of molecular, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests showed a clear differentiation of strains 18CT and 6C from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus catenulatus sp. 28744555 0 30 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 21:22 Bacillus catenulatus sp 0:22 Bacillus catenulatus sp. 0:23 Bacillus catenulatus sp. 28744555 5 31 theme rRNA 984:987 arg1 % 1018:1018 100% 1015:1018 100% 1015:1018 Further, the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (100%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (90 ± 5%) suggested that strains 18CT and 6C were members of a genomospecies. 28744555 5 31 theme rRNA 984:987 arg1 similarity 1003:1012 the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 971:1012 the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (100%) 971:1019 Further, the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (100%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (90 ± 5%) suggested that strains 18CT and 6C were members of a genomospecies. 28744555 7 32 theme nearest 1395:1401 arg1 3572T 1428:1432 its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T 1391:1432 its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T 1391:1432 The cell wall of strain 18CT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, which was in contrast with its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T, which contained ornithine and aspartic acid. 28744555 1 33 theme alkalitolerant 34:47 arg1 bacterium 49:57 an alkalitolerant bacterium 31:57 an alkalitolerant bacterium 31:57 nov., an alkalitolerant bacterium isolated from a soda lake. 28744555 1 33 theme alkalitolerant 34:47 arg1 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov., an alkalitolerant bacterium isolated from a soda lake. 28744555 12 34 theme clear 2032:2036 arg1 differentiation 2038:2052 a clear differentiation 2030:2052 a clear differentiation of strains 18CT and 6C from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus catenulatus sp 2030:2164 The results of molecular, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests showed a clear differentiation of strains 18CT and 6C from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus catenulatus sp. 28744555 3 35 theme KCTC 401:404 arg1 3572T 406:410 Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T 385:410 Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively) 385:441 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 4 36 dep B. 681:682 arg1 cohnii 684:689 cohnii 684:689 cohnii 684:689 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between 18CT and 6C and B. cohnii KCTC 3572T (49.6 ± 0.9 and 51.6 ± 0.7, respectively), B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (42.9 ± 0.8 and 47.1 ± 0.3, respectively) and B. halmapalus LMG 17950T (39.9 ± 0.8 and 40.8 ± 0.3, respectively) indicated that the novel strains were distantly related to these strains. 28744555 5 37 theme sequence 994:1001 arg1 % 1018:1018 100% 1015:1018 100% 1015:1018 Further, the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (100%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (90 ± 5%) suggested that strains 18CT and 6C were members of a genomospecies. 28744555 5 37 theme sequence 994:1001 arg1 similarity 1003:1012 the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 971:1012 the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (100%) 971:1019 Further, the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (100%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (90 ± 5%) suggested that strains 18CT and 6C were members of a genomospecies. 28744555 7 38 theme cell 1272:1275 arg1 wall 1277:1280 The cell wall 1268:1280 The cell wall of strain 18CT 1268:1295 The cell wall of strain 18CT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, which was in contrast with its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T, which contained ornithine and aspartic acid. 28744555 2 39 dep Gram-stain-positive 110:128 arg1 18CT 97:100 18CT 97:100 18CT 97:100 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from Lonar soda lake, India. 28744555 2 39 dep Gram-stain-positive 110:128 arg1 6C 106:107 6C 106:107 6C 106:107 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from Lonar soda lake, India. 28744555 3 40 theme 97.0 544:547 arg1 % 557:557 97.0 and 97.6% 544:557 % 557:557 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 3 41 theme Bacillus 385:392 arg1 3572T 406:410 Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T 385:410 Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively) 385:441 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 6 42 theme % 1173:1173 arg1 NaCl 1181:1184 2-3% (w/v) NaCl 1170:1184 2-3% (w/v) NaCl 1170:1184 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 7.5 with 2-3% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 18CT and 6C were catalase and oxidase negative. 28744555 6 43 dep % 1173:1173 arg1 w/v 1176:1178 w/v 1176:1178 w/v 1176:1178 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 7.5 with 2-3% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 18CT and 6C were catalase and oxidase negative. 28744555 12 44 theme chemotaxonomic 2002:2015 arg1 tests 2017:2021 molecular, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests 1975:2021 molecular, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests 1975:2021 The results of molecular, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests showed a clear differentiation of strains 18CT and 6C from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus catenulatus sp. 28744555 5 45 theme high 975:978 arg1 % 1018:1018 100% 1015:1018 100% 1015:1018 Further, the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (100%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (90 ± 5%) suggested that strains 18CT and 6C were members of a genomospecies. 28744555 5 45 theme high 975:978 arg1 similarity 1003:1012 the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 971:1012 the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (100%) 971:1019 Further, the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (100%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (90 ± 5%) suggested that strains 18CT and 6C were members of a genomospecies. 28744555 6 46 dep Strains 1212:1218 arg1 Strains 1212:1218 37 °C. Strains 18CT and 6C 1205:1230 37 °C. Strains 18CT and 6C 1205:1230 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 7.5 with 2-3% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 18CT and 6C were catalase and oxidase negative. 28744555 6 46 dep Strains 1212:1218 arg1 6C 1229:1230 6C 1229:1230 6C 1229:1230 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 7.5 with 2-3% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 18CT and 6C were catalase and oxidase negative. 28744555 6 46 dep Strains 1212:1218 arg1 18CT 1220:1223 18CT 1220:1223 18CT 1220:1223 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 7.5 with 2-3% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 18CT and 6C were catalase and oxidase negative. 28744555 3 47 theme LMG 532:534 arg1 17950T 536:541 Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T 512:541 Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) 512:572 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 3 48 dep identified 300:309 arg1 belonging 314:322 belonging 314:322 belonging to the class Firmibacteria 314:349 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 2 49 theme bacterial 172:180 arg1 strains 182:188 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 86:188 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 86:188 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from Lonar soda lake, India. 28744555 4 50 theme DNA-DNA 637:643 arg1 relatedness 645:655 the DNA-DNA relatedness 633:655 the DNA-DNA relatedness between 18CT and 6C and B. cohnii KCTC 3572T (49.6 ± 0.9 and 51.6 ± 0.7, respectively), B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (42.9 ± 0.8 and 47.1 ± 0.3, respectively) and B. halmapalus LMG 17950T (39.9 ± 0.8 and 40.8 ± 0.3, respectively) 633:886 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between 18CT and 6C and B. cohnii KCTC 3572T (49.6 ± 0.9 and 51.6 ± 0.7, respectively), B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (42.9 ± 0.8 and 47.1 ± 0.3, respectively) and B. halmapalus LMG 17950T (39.9 ± 0.8 and 40.8 ± 0.3, respectively) indicated that the novel strains were distantly related to these strains. 28744555 3 51 from 3572T 406:410 arg1 Bacillus 605:612 the genus Bacillus 595:612 the genus Bacillus (<97.0%) 595:621 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 3 51 from 3572T 406:410 arg1 % 620:620 <97.0% 615:620 <97.0% 615:620 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 12 52 theme molecular 1975:1983 arg1 tests 2017:2021 molecular, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests 1975:2021 molecular, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests 1975:2021 The results of molecular, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests showed a clear differentiation of strains 18CT and 6C from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus catenulatus sp. 28744555 3 53 theme 97.6 553:556 arg1 % 557:557 97.0 and 97.6% 544:557 % 557:557 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 11 54 dep strains 1901:1907 arg1 strains 1901:1907 strains 18CT and 6C 1901:1919 strains 18CT and 6C 1901:1919 The DNA G + C content of strains 18CT and 6C were 39.3 and 39.2 mol%, respectively. 28744555 11 54 dep strains 1901:1907 arg1 6C 1918:1919 6C 1918:1919 6C 1918:1919 The DNA G + C content of strains 18CT and 6C were 39.3 and 39.2 mol%, respectively. 28744555 11 54 dep strains 1901:1907 arg1 18CT 1909:1912 18CT 1909:1912 18CT 1909:1912 The DNA G + C content of strains 18CT and 6C were 39.3 and 39.2 mol%, respectively. 28744555 3 55 dep 3572T 406:410 arg1 % 426:426 99.3 and 99.9% 413:426 99.3 and 99.9% 413:426 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 12 56 theme biochemical 1986:1996 arg1 tests 2017:2021 molecular, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests 1975:2021 molecular, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests 1975:2021 The results of molecular, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests showed a clear differentiation of strains 18CT and 6C from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus catenulatus sp. 28744555 3 57 theme other 578:582 arg1 members 584:590 other members 578:590 other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%) 578:621 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 4 58 dep 17950T 839:844 arg1 39.9 ± 0.8 847:856 39.9 ± 0.8 847:856 39.9 ± 0.8 847:856 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between 18CT and 6C and B. cohnii KCTC 3572T (49.6 ± 0.9 and 51.6 ± 0.7, respectively), B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (42.9 ± 0.8 and 47.1 ± 0.3, respectively) and B. halmapalus LMG 17950T (39.9 ± 0.8 and 40.8 ± 0.3, respectively) indicated that the novel strains were distantly related to these strains. 28744555 4 58 dep 17950T 839:844 arg1 40.8 ± 0.3 862:871 40.8 ± 0.3 862:871 40.8 ± 0.3 862:871 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between 18CT and 6C and B. cohnii KCTC 3572T (49.6 ± 0.9 and 51.6 ± 0.7, respectively), B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (42.9 ± 0.8 and 47.1 ± 0.3, respectively) and B. halmapalus LMG 17950T (39.9 ± 0.8 and 40.8 ± 0.3, respectively) indicated that the novel strains were distantly related to these strains. 28744555 6 59 theme 37 °C. 1205:1210 arg1 Strains 1212:1218 37 °C. Strains 18CT and 6C 1205:1230 37 °C. Strains 18CT and 6C 1205:1230 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 7.5 with 2-3% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 18CT and 6C were catalase and oxidase negative. 28744555 6 59 theme 37 °C. 1205:1210 arg1 6C 1229:1230 6C 1229:1230 6C 1229:1230 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 7.5 with 2-3% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 18CT and 6C were catalase and oxidase negative. 28744555 6 59 theme 37 °C. 1205:1210 arg1 18CT 1220:1223 18CT 1220:1223 18CT 1220:1223 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 7.5 with 2-3% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 18CT and 6C were catalase and oxidase negative. 28744555 10 60 theme anteiso-C15:0 1776:1788 arg1 proportions 1761:1771 significant proportions 1749:1771 significant proportions of anteiso-C15:0 (19.5%), C16:0 (11.5%), iso-C17:0 (9.5%) and anteiso-C17:0 (6.3%) 1749:1854 iso-C15:0 (32.5%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions of anteiso-C15:0 (19.5%), C16:0 (11.5%), iso-C17:0 (9.5%) and anteiso-C17:0 (6.3%) were also detected. 28744555 2 61 theme novel 90:94 arg1 strains 182:188 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 86:188 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 86:188 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from Lonar soda lake, India. 28744555 8 62 theme unknown 1592:1598 arg1 PL 1614:1615 PL 1614:1615 PL 1614:1615 Polar lipids include diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), an unknown phospholipid (PL) and three unknown lipids (L1-3). 28744555 8 62 theme unknown 1592:1598 arg1 phospholipid 1600:1611 an unknown phospholipid 1589:1611 an unknown phospholipid (PL) 1589:1616 Polar lipids include diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), an unknown phospholipid (PL) and three unknown lipids (L1-3). 28744555 3 63 theme zhanjiangensis 453:466 arg1 13713T 473:478 Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T 444:478 Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively) 444:509 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 7 64 contain contained 1441:1449 arg2 acid 1474:1477 aspartic acid 1465:1477 aspartic acid 1465:1477 The cell wall of strain 18CT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, which was in contrast with its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T, which contained ornithine and aspartic acid. 28744555 7 64 contain contained 1441:1449 arg2 ornithine 1451:1459 ornithine 1451:1459 ornithine 1451:1459 The cell wall of strain 18CT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, which was in contrast with its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T, which contained ornithine and aspartic acid. 28744555 7 64 contain contained 1441:1449 arg1 contrast 1377:1384 contrast 1377:1384 contrast 1377:1384 The cell wall of strain 18CT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, which was in contrast with its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T, which contained ornithine and aspartic acid. 28744555 10 65 theme C16:0 1799:1803 arg1 proportions 1761:1771 significant proportions 1749:1771 significant proportions of anteiso-C15:0 (19.5%), C16:0 (11.5%), iso-C17:0 (9.5%) and anteiso-C17:0 (6.3%) 1749:1854 iso-C15:0 (32.5%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions of anteiso-C15:0 (19.5%), C16:0 (11.5%), iso-C17:0 (9.5%) and anteiso-C17:0 (6.3%) were also detected. 28744555 2 66 theme Gram-stain-positive 110:128 arg1 strains 182:188 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 86:188 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 86:188 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from Lonar soda lake, India. 28744555 4 67 theme B. 681:682 arg1 3572T 696:700 B. cohnii KCTC 3572T 681:700 B. cohnii KCTC 3572T 681:700 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between 18CT and 6C and B. cohnii KCTC 3572T (49.6 ± 0.9 and 51.6 ± 0.7, respectively), B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (42.9 ± 0.8 and 47.1 ± 0.3, respectively) and B. halmapalus LMG 17950T (39.9 ± 0.8 and 40.8 ± 0.3, respectively) indicated that the novel strains were distantly related to these strains. 28744555 3 68 from members 584:590 arg1 Bacillus 605:612 the genus Bacillus 595:612 the genus Bacillus (<97.0%) 595:621 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 3 68 from members 584:590 arg1 % 620:620 <97.0% 615:620 <97.0% 615:620 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 3 69 theme 97.4 481:484 arg1 % 494:494 97.4 and 98.0% 481:494 % 494:494 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 14 70 theme 33781T = CGMCC 2216:2229 arg1 1.15475T 2231:2238 =KCTC 33781T = CGMCC 1.15475T 2210:2238 =KCTC 33781T = CGMCC 1.15475T 2210:2238 The type strain is 18CT (=KCTC 33781T = CGMCC 1.15475T). 28744555 14 70 theme 33781T = CGMCC 2216:2229 arg1 18CT 2204:2207 18CT 2204:2207 18CT (=KCTC 33781T = CGMCC 1.15475T) 2204:2239 The type strain is 18CT (=KCTC 33781T = CGMCC 1.15475T). 28744555 4 71 theme KCTC 691:694 arg1 3572T 696:700 B. cohnii KCTC 3572T 681:700 B. cohnii KCTC 3572T 681:700 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between 18CT and 6C and B. cohnii KCTC 3572T (49.6 ± 0.9 and 51.6 ± 0.7, respectively), B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (42.9 ± 0.8 and 47.1 ± 0.3, respectively) and B. halmapalus LMG 17950T (39.9 ± 0.8 and 40.8 ± 0.3, respectively) indicated that the novel strains were distantly related to these strains. 28744555 4 72 theme B. 745:746 arg1 13713T 768:773 B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T 745:773 B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (42.9 ± 0.8 and 47.1 ± 0.3, respectively) 745:815 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between 18CT and 6C and B. cohnii KCTC 3572T (49.6 ± 0.9 and 51.6 ± 0.7, respectively), B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (42.9 ± 0.8 and 47.1 ± 0.3, respectively) and B. halmapalus LMG 17950T (39.9 ± 0.8 and 40.8 ± 0.3, respectively) indicated that the novel strains were distantly related to these strains. 28744555 4 73 theme KCTC 763:766 arg1 13713T 768:773 B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T 745:773 B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (42.9 ± 0.8 and 47.1 ± 0.3, respectively) 745:815 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between 18CT and 6C and B. cohnii KCTC 3572T (49.6 ± 0.9 and 51.6 ± 0.7, respectively), B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (42.9 ± 0.8 and 47.1 ± 0.3, respectively) and B. halmapalus LMG 17950T (39.9 ± 0.8 and 40.8 ± 0.3, respectively) indicated that the novel strains were distantly related to these strains. 28744555 7 74 dep B. 1413:1414 arg1 cohnii 1416:1421 cohnii 1416:1421 cohnii 1416:1421 The cell wall of strain 18CT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, which was in contrast with its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T, which contained ornithine and aspartic acid. 28744555 3 75 theme 98.0 490:493 arg1 % 494:494 97.4 and 98.0% 481:494 % 494:494 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 8 76 theme Polar 1480:1484 arg1 lipids 1486:1491 Polar lipids 1480:1491 Polar lipids 1480:1491 Polar lipids include diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), an unknown phospholipid (PL) and three unknown lipids (L1-3). 28744555 7 77 theme diagnostic 1339:1348 arg1 acid 1358:1361 the diagnostic diamino acid 1335:1361 the diagnostic diamino acid 1335:1361 The cell wall of strain 18CT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, which was in contrast with its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T, which contained ornithine and aspartic acid. 28744555 7 77 theme diagnostic 1339:1348 arg1 acid 1327:1330 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1307:1330 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1307:1330 The cell wall of strain 18CT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, which was in contrast with its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T, which contained ornithine and aspartic acid. 28744555 9 78 theme isoprenoid 1667:1676 arg1 MK-7 1690:1693 MK-7 1690:1693 MK-7 1690:1693 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 28744555 9 78 theme isoprenoid 1667:1676 arg1 quinone 1678:1684 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1651:1684 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1651:1684 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 28744555 3 79 from 13713T 473:478 arg1 Bacillus 605:612 the genus Bacillus 595:612 the genus Bacillus (<97.0%) 595:621 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 3 79 from 13713T 473:478 arg1 % 620:620 <97.0% 615:620 <97.0% 615:620 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 12 80 theme other 2086:2090 arg1 members 2092:2098 all other members 2082:2098 all other members 2082:2098 The results of molecular, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests showed a clear differentiation of strains 18CT and 6C from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus catenulatus sp. 28744555 3 81 theme Bacillus 512:519 arg1 17950T 536:541 Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T 512:541 Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) 512:572 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 3 82 theme gene 251:254 arg1 analysis 265:272 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 242:272 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 242:272 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 10 83 theme anteiso-C17:0 1835:1847 arg1 proportions 1761:1771 significant proportions 1749:1771 significant proportions of anteiso-C15:0 (19.5%), C16:0 (11.5%), iso-C17:0 (9.5%) and anteiso-C17:0 (6.3%) 1749:1854 iso-C15:0 (32.5%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions of anteiso-C15:0 (19.5%), C16:0 (11.5%), iso-C17:0 (9.5%) and anteiso-C17:0 (6.3%) were also detected. 28744555 6 84 theme 7.5 1161:1163 arg1 pH 1155:1156 a pH 1153:1156 a pH of 7.5 with 2-3% (w/v) NaCl 1153:1184 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 7.5 with 2-3% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 18CT and 6C were catalase and oxidase negative. 28744555 3 85 dep 13713T 473:478 arg1 % 494:494 97.4 and 98.0% 481:494 % 494:494 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 7 86 theme aspartic 1465:1472 arg1 acid 1474:1477 aspartic acid 1465:1477 aspartic acid 1465:1477 The cell wall of strain 18CT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, which was in contrast with its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T, which contained ornithine and aspartic acid. 28744555 7 87 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1307:1325 arg1 acid 1358:1361 the diagnostic diamino acid 1335:1361 the diagnostic diamino acid 1335:1361 The cell wall of strain 18CT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, which was in contrast with its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T, which contained ornithine and aspartic acid. 28744555 7 87 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1307:1325 arg1 acid 1327:1330 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1307:1330 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1307:1330 The cell wall of strain 18CT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, which was in contrast with its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T, which contained ornithine and aspartic acid. 28744555 7 88 theme 18CT 1292:1295 arg1 wall 1277:1280 The cell wall 1268:1280 The cell wall of strain 18CT 1268:1295 The cell wall of strain 18CT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, which was in contrast with its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T, which contained ornithine and aspartic acid. 28744555 3 89 theme 16S 242:244 arg1 analysis 265:272 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 242:272 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 242:272 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 10 90 theme predominant 1722:1732 arg1 acid 1740:1743 the predominant fatty acid 1718:1743 the predominant fatty acid 1718:1743 iso-C15:0 (32.5%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions of anteiso-C15:0 (19.5%), C16:0 (11.5%), iso-C17:0 (9.5%) and anteiso-C17:0 (6.3%) were also detected. 28744555 10 90 theme predominant 1722:1732 arg1 iso-C15:0 1696:1704 iso-C15:0 1696:1704 iso-C15:0 (32.5%) 1696:1712 iso-C15:0 (32.5%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions of anteiso-C15:0 (19.5%), C16:0 (11.5%), iso-C17:0 (9.5%) and anteiso-C17:0 (6.3%) were also detected. 28744555 4 91 dep 13713T 768:773 arg1 47.1 ± 0.3 791:800 47.1 ± 0.3 791:800 47.1 ± 0.3 791:800 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between 18CT and 6C and B. cohnii KCTC 3572T (49.6 ± 0.9 and 51.6 ± 0.7, respectively), B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (42.9 ± 0.8 and 47.1 ± 0.3, respectively) and B. halmapalus LMG 17950T (39.9 ± 0.8 and 40.8 ± 0.3, respectively) indicated that the novel strains were distantly related to these strains. 28744555 4 91 dep 13713T 768:773 arg1 42.9 ± 0.8 776:785 42.9 ± 0.8 776:785 42.9 ± 0.8 776:785 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between 18CT and 6C and B. cohnii KCTC 3572T (49.6 ± 0.9 and 51.6 ± 0.7, respectively), B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (42.9 ± 0.8 and 47.1 ± 0.3, respectively) and B. halmapalus LMG 17950T (39.9 ± 0.8 and 40.8 ± 0.3, respectively) indicated that the novel strains were distantly related to these strains. 28744555 7 92 theme strain 1285:1290 arg1 18CT 1292:1295 strain 18CT 1285:1295 strain 18CT 1285:1295 The cell wall of strain 18CT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, which was in contrast with its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T, which contained ornithine and aspartic acid. 28744555 12 93 theme catenulatus 2151:2161 arg1 sp 2163:2164 Bacillus catenulatus sp 2142:2164 the name Bacillus catenulatus sp 2133:2164 The results of molecular, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests showed a clear differentiation of strains 18CT and 6C from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus catenulatus sp. 28744555 3 94 dep 17950T 536:541 arg1 % 557:557 97.0 and 97.6% 544:557 % 557:557 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 0 95 theme catenulatus 9:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Bacillus catenulatus sp 0:22 Bacillus catenulatus sp. 0:23 Bacillus catenulatus sp. 28744555 1 96 theme soda 75:78 arg1 lake 80:83 a soda lake 73:83 a soda lake 73:83 nov., an alkalitolerant bacterium isolated from a soda lake. 28744555 3 97 theme class 331:335 arg1 Firmibacteria 337:349 the class Firmibacteria 327:349 the class Firmibacteria 327:349 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 5 98 theme gene 989:992 arg1 % 1018:1018 100% 1015:1018 100% 1015:1018 Further, the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (100%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (90 ± 5%) suggested that strains 18CT and 6C were members of a genomospecies. 28744555 5 98 theme gene 989:992 arg1 similarity 1003:1012 the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 971:1012 the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (100%) 971:1019 Further, the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (100%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (90 ± 5%) suggested that strains 18CT and 6C were members of a genomospecies. 28744555 7 99 with contrast 1377:1384 arg1 3572T 1428:1432 its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T 1391:1432 its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T 1391:1432 The cell wall of strain 18CT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, which was in contrast with its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T, which contained ornithine and aspartic acid. 28744555 7 100 theme neighbour 1403:1411 arg1 3572T 1428:1432 its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T 1391:1432 its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T 1391:1432 The cell wall of strain 18CT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, which was in contrast with its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T, which contained ornithine and aspartic acid. 28744555 12 101 theme strains 2057:2063 arg1 differentiation 2038:2052 a clear differentiation 2030:2052 a clear differentiation of strains 18CT and 6C from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus catenulatus sp 2030:2164 The results of molecular, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests showed a clear differentiation of strains 18CT and 6C from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus catenulatus sp. 28744555 3 102 dep strains 275:281 arg1 18CT 283:286 18CT 283:286 18CT 283:286 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 3 102 dep strains 275:281 arg1 strains 275:281 strains 18CT and 6C 275:293 strains 18CT and 6C 275:293 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 3 102 dep strains 275:281 arg1 6C 292:293 6C 292:293 6C 292:293 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 2 103 theme motile 143:148 arg1 strains 182:188 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 86:188 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 86:188 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from Lonar soda lake, India. 28744555 4 104 theme B. 821:822 arg1 17950T 839:844 B. halmapalus LMG 17950T 821:844 B. halmapalus LMG 17950T (39.9 ± 0.8 and 40.8 ± 0.3, respectively) 821:886 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between 18CT and 6C and B. cohnii KCTC 3572T (49.6 ± 0.9 and 51.6 ± 0.7, respectively), B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (42.9 ± 0.8 and 47.1 ± 0.3, respectively) and B. halmapalus LMG 17950T (39.9 ± 0.8 and 40.8 ± 0.3, respectively) indicated that the novel strains were distantly related to these strains. 28744555 12 105 theme tests 2017:2021 arg1 results 1964:1970 The results 1960:1970 The results of molecular, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests 1960:2021 The results of molecular, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests showed a clear differentiation of strains 18CT and 6C from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus catenulatus sp. 28744555 2 106 theme shaped 135:140 arg1 strains 182:188 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 86:188 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 86:188 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from Lonar soda lake, India. 28744555 3 107 theme cohnii 394:399 arg1 3572T 406:410 Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T 385:410 Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively) 385:441 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18CT and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572T (99.3 and 99.9%, respectively), Bacillus zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (97.4 and 98.0%, respectively), Bacillus halmapalus LMG 17950T (97.0 and 97.6%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28744555 6 108 theme 2-3 1170:1172 arg1 % 1173:1173 % 1173:1173 % 1173:1173 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 7.5 with 2-3% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 18CT and 6C were catalase and oxidase negative. 28744555 7 109 contain contained 1297:1305 arg2 acid 1327:1330 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1307:1330 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1307:1330 The cell wall of strain 18CT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, which was in contrast with its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T, which contained ornithine and aspartic acid. 28744555 7 109 contain contained 1297:1305 arg2 acid 1358:1361 the diagnostic diamino acid 1335:1361 the diagnostic diamino acid 1335:1361 The cell wall of strain 18CT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, which was in contrast with its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T, which contained ornithine and aspartic acid. 28744555 7 109 contain contained 1297:1305 arg1 wall 1277:1280 The cell wall 1268:1280 The cell wall of strain 18CT 1268:1295 The cell wall of strain 18CT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, which was in contrast with its nearest neighbour B. cohnii KCTC 3572T, which contained ornithine and aspartic acid. 28744555 4 110 theme LMG 835:837 arg1 17950T 839:844 B. halmapalus LMG 17950T 821:844 B. halmapalus LMG 17950T (39.9 ± 0.8 and 40.8 ± 0.3, respectively) 821:886 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between 18CT and 6C and B. cohnii KCTC 3572T (49.6 ± 0.9 and 51.6 ± 0.7, respectively), B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (42.9 ± 0.8 and 47.1 ± 0.3, respectively) and B. halmapalus LMG 17950T (39.9 ± 0.8 and 40.8 ± 0.3, respectively) indicated that the novel strains were distantly related to these strains. 28744555 5 111 theme 16S 980:982 arg1 % 1018:1018 100% 1015:1018 100% 1015:1018 Further, the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (100%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (90 ± 5%) suggested that strains 18CT and 6C were members of a genomospecies. 28744555 5 111 theme 16S 980:982 arg1 similarity 1003:1012 the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 971:1012 the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (100%) 971:1019 Further, the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (100%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (90 ± 5%) suggested that strains 18CT and 6C were members of a genomospecies. 28744555 10 112 theme significant 1749:1759 arg1 proportions 1761:1771 significant proportions 1749:1771 significant proportions of anteiso-C15:0 (19.5%), C16:0 (11.5%), iso-C17:0 (9.5%) and anteiso-C17:0 (6.3%) 1749:1854 iso-C15:0 (32.5%) was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions of anteiso-C15:0 (19.5%), C16:0 (11.5%), iso-C17:0 (9.5%) and anteiso-C17:0 (6.3%) were also detected. 28744555 2 113 theme endospore-forming 154:170 arg1 strains 182:188 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 86:188 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 86:188 Two novel (18CT and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from Lonar soda lake, India. 28744555 5 114 theme DNA-DNA 1025:1031 arg1 relatedness 1033:1043 DNA-DNA relatedness 1025:1043 DNA-DNA relatedness (90 ± 5%) 1025:1053 Further, the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (100%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (90 ± 5%) suggested that strains 18CT and 6C were members of a genomospecies. 28744555 5 114 theme DNA-DNA 1025:1031 arg1 % 1052:1052 90 ± 5% 1046:1052 90 ± 5% 1046:1052 Further, the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (100%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (90 ± 5%) suggested that strains 18CT and 6C were members of a genomospecies. 28744555 4 115 theme novel 907:911 arg1 related 936:942 related 936:942 related 936:942 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between 18CT and 6C and B. cohnii KCTC 3572T (49.6 ± 0.9 and 51.6 ± 0.7, respectively), B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (42.9 ± 0.8 and 47.1 ± 0.3, respectively) and B. halmapalus LMG 17950T (39.9 ± 0.8 and 40.8 ± 0.3, respectively) indicated that the novel strains were distantly related to these strains. 28744555 4 115 theme novel 907:911 arg1 strains 913:919 the novel strains 903:919 the novel strains 903:919 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between 18CT and 6C and B. cohnii KCTC 3572T (49.6 ± 0.9 and 51.6 ± 0.7, respectively), B. zhanjiangensis KCTC 13713T (42.9 ± 0.8 and 47.1 ± 0.3, respectively) and B. halmapalus LMG 17950T (39.9 ± 0.8 and 40.8 ± 0.3, respectively) indicated that the novel strains were distantly related to these strains. 28744555 6 116 theme Strains 1212:1218 arg1 temperature 1190:1200 temperature 1190:1200 temperature of 37 °C. Strains 18CT and 6C 1190:1230 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 7.5 with 2-3% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 18CT and 6C were catalase and oxidase negative. 28439812 3 0 theme extraction 377:386 arg1 follows 417:423 follows 417:423 follows 417:423 The extraction conditions were optimized as follows: time, 40 min; temperature, 95 °C; pH, 5 and enzyme amount, 6000 U/g, under which the yield of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) reached 49.15% dry base. 28439812 3 0 theme extraction 377:386 arg1 conditions 388:397 The extraction conditions 373:397 The extraction conditions 373:397 The extraction conditions were optimized as follows: time, 40 min; temperature, 95 °C; pH, 5 and enzyme amount, 6000 U/g, under which the yield of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) reached 49.15% dry base. 28439812 1 1 theme many 184:187 arg1 activities 200:209 many functional activities 184:209 many functional activities 184:209 Gracilaria lemaneiformis (G. lemaneiformis) is rich in polysaccharides that have many functional activities. 28439812 3 2 theme % 572:572 arg1 base 578:581 49.15% dry base 567:581 49.15% dry base 567:581 The extraction conditions were optimized as follows: time, 40 min; temperature, 95 °C; pH, 5 and enzyme amount, 6000 U/g, under which the yield of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) reached 49.15% dry base. 28439812 5 3 theme strong 735:740 arg1 activity 759:766 strong hydroxyl radical activity 735:766 strong hydroxyl radical activity 735:766 The results indicate that the GPs had strong hydroxyl radical activity at a concentration of 100 μg/mL and could be used as potential antioxidants. 28439812 1 4 from polysaccharides 158:172 arg1 rich 150:153 rich 150:153 rich 150:153 Gracilaria lemaneiformis (G. lemaneiformis) is rich in polysaccharides that have many functional activities. 28439812 5 5 theme hydroxyl 742:749 arg1 activity 759:766 strong hydroxyl radical activity 735:766 strong hydroxyl radical activity 735:766 The results indicate that the GPs had strong hydroxyl radical activity at a concentration of 100 μg/mL and could be used as potential antioxidants. 28439812 1 6 contain have 179:182 arg2 activities 200:209 many functional activities 184:209 many functional activities 184:209 Gracilaria lemaneiformis (G. lemaneiformis) is rich in polysaccharides that have many functional activities. 28439812 1 6 contain have 179:182 arg1 polysaccharides 158:172 polysaccharides 158:172 polysaccharides that have many functional activities 158:209 Gracilaria lemaneiformis (G. lemaneiformis) is rich in polysaccharides that have many functional activities. 28439812 1 7 theme functional 189:198 arg1 activities 200:209 many functional activities 184:209 many functional activities 184:209 Gracilaria lemaneiformis (G. lemaneiformis) is rich in polysaccharides that have many functional activities. 28439812 5 8 theme radical 751:757 arg1 activity 759:766 strong hydroxyl radical activity 735:766 strong hydroxyl radical activity 735:766 The results indicate that the GPs had strong hydroxyl radical activity at a concentration of 100 μg/mL and could be used as potential antioxidants. 28439812 1 9 from rich 150:153 arg1 polysaccharides 158:172 polysaccharides 158:172 polysaccharides that have many functional activities 158:209 Gracilaria lemaneiformis (G. lemaneiformis) is rich in polysaccharides that have many functional activities. 28439812 2 10 theme polysaccharides 316:330 arg1 extraction 263:272 thermostable α-amylase-assisted extraction 231:272 thermostable α-amylase-assisted extraction 231:272 In this study, the thermostable α-amylase-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from G. lemaneiformis were investigated. 28439812 2 10 theme polysaccharides 316:330 arg1 activity 290:297 antioxidant activity 278:297 antioxidant activity 278:297 In this study, the thermostable α-amylase-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from G. lemaneiformis were investigated. 28439812 3 11 theme enzyme 470:475 arg1 6000 U/g 485:492 6000 U/g 485:492 6000 U/g 485:492 The extraction conditions were optimized as follows: time, 40 min; temperature, 95 °C; pH, 5 and enzyme amount, 6000 U/g, under which the yield of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) reached 49.15% dry base. 28439812 3 11 theme enzyme 470:475 arg1 amount 477:482 enzyme amount 470:482 enzyme amount 470:482 The extraction conditions were optimized as follows: time, 40 min; temperature, 95 °C; pH, 5 and enzyme amount, 6000 U/g, under which the yield of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) reached 49.15% dry base. 28439812 5 12 contain had 731:733 arg1 antioxidants 831:842 potential antioxidants 821:842 potential antioxidants 821:842 The results indicate that the GPs had strong hydroxyl radical activity at a concentration of 100 μg/mL and could be used as potential antioxidants. 28439812 5 12 contain had 731:733 arg2 activity 759:766 strong hydroxyl radical activity 735:766 strong hydroxyl radical activity 735:766 The results indicate that the GPs had strong hydroxyl radical activity at a concentration of 100 μg/mL and could be used as potential antioxidants. 28439812 5 12 contain had 731:733 arg1 GPs 727:729 the GPs 723:729 the GPs 723:729 The results indicate that the GPs had strong hydroxyl radical activity at a concentration of 100 μg/mL and could be used as potential antioxidants. 28439812 4 13 theme UV 657:658 arg1 spectrum 660:667 UV spectrum 657:667 UV spectrum 657:667 The GPs were characterized by monosaccharide composition, FTIR spectrum, UV spectrum and antioxidant activities. 28439812 3 14 theme dry 574:576 arg1 base 578:581 49.15% dry base 567:581 49.15% dry base 567:581 The extraction conditions were optimized as follows: time, 40 min; temperature, 95 °C; pH, 5 and enzyme amount, 6000 U/g, under which the yield of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) reached 49.15% dry base. 28439812 2 15 from extraction 263:272 arg1 G. 337:338 G. 337:338 G. 337:338 In this study, the thermostable α-amylase-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from G. lemaneiformis were investigated. 28439812 4 16 theme antioxidant 673:683 arg1 activities 685:694 antioxidant activities 673:694 antioxidant activities 673:694 The GPs were characterized by monosaccharide composition, FTIR spectrum, UV spectrum and antioxidant activities. 28439812 0 17 theme Amylase-assisted 0:15 arg1 extraction 17:26 Amylase-assisted extraction 0:26 Amylase-assisted extraction 0:26 Amylase-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Gracilaria lemaneiformis. 28439812 2 18 from activity 290:297 arg1 G. 337:338 G. 337:338 G. 337:338 In this study, the thermostable α-amylase-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from G. lemaneiformis were investigated. 28439812 0 19 theme antioxidant 32:42 arg1 activity 44:51 antioxidant activity 32:51 antioxidant activity 32:51 Amylase-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Gracilaria lemaneiformis. 28439812 3 20 theme 49.15 567:571 arg1 % 572:572 % 572:572 % 572:572 The extraction conditions were optimized as follows: time, 40 min; temperature, 95 °C; pH, 5 and enzyme amount, 6000 U/g, under which the yield of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) reached 49.15% dry base. 28439812 4 21 theme FTIR 642:645 arg1 spectrum 647:654 FTIR spectrum 642:654 FTIR spectrum 642:654 The GPs were characterized by monosaccharide composition, FTIR spectrum, UV spectrum and antioxidant activities. 28439812 5 22 theme potential 821:829 arg1 antioxidants 831:842 potential antioxidants 821:842 potential antioxidants 821:842 The results indicate that the GPs had strong hydroxyl radical activity at a concentration of 100 μg/mL and could be used as potential antioxidants. 28439812 5 22 theme potential 821:829 arg1 GPs 727:729 the GPs 723:729 the GPs 723:729 The results indicate that the GPs had strong hydroxyl radical activity at a concentration of 100 μg/mL and could be used as potential antioxidants. 28439812 2 23 dep G. 337:338 arg1 lemaneiformis 340:352 G. lemaneiformis 337:352 G. lemaneiformis 337:352 In this study, the thermostable α-amylase-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from G. lemaneiformis were investigated. 28439812 5 24 theme 100 μg/mL 790:798 arg1 concentration 773:785 a concentration 771:785 a concentration of 100 μg/mL 771:798 The results indicate that the GPs had strong hydroxyl radical activity at a concentration of 100 μg/mL and could be used as potential antioxidants. 28439812 0 25 from lemaneiformis 88:100 arg1 extraction 17:26 Amylase-assisted extraction 0:26 Amylase-assisted extraction 0:26 Amylase-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Gracilaria lemaneiformis. 28439812 0 25 from lemaneiformis 88:100 arg1 activity 44:51 antioxidant activity 32:51 antioxidant activity 32:51 Amylase-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Gracilaria lemaneiformis. 28439812 2 26 dep extraction 263:272 arg1 the 227:229 the 227:229 the 227:229 In this study, the thermostable α-amylase-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from G. lemaneiformis were investigated. 28439812 2 27 theme α-amylase-assisted 244:261 arg1 extraction 263:272 thermostable α-amylase-assisted extraction 231:272 thermostable α-amylase-assisted extraction 231:272 In this study, the thermostable α-amylase-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from G. lemaneiformis were investigated. 28439812 0 28 theme polysaccharides 56:70 arg1 extraction 17:26 Amylase-assisted extraction 0:26 Amylase-assisted extraction 0:26 Amylase-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Gracilaria lemaneiformis. 28439812 0 28 theme polysaccharides 56:70 arg1 activity 44:51 antioxidant activity 32:51 antioxidant activity 32:51 Amylase-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Gracilaria lemaneiformis. 28439812 3 29 dep follows 417:423 arg1 temperature 440:450 temperature 440:450 temperature 440:450 The extraction conditions were optimized as follows: time, 40 min; temperature, 95 °C; pH, 5 and enzyme amount, 6000 U/g, under which the yield of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) reached 49.15% dry base. 28439812 3 29 dep follows 417:423 arg1 5 464:464 5 464:464 5 464:464 The extraction conditions were optimized as follows: time, 40 min; temperature, 95 °C; pH, 5 and enzyme amount, 6000 U/g, under which the yield of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) reached 49.15% dry base. 28439812 3 29 dep follows 417:423 arg1 time 426:429 time 426:429 time 426:429 The extraction conditions were optimized as follows: time, 40 min; temperature, 95 °C; pH, 5 and enzyme amount, 6000 U/g, under which the yield of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) reached 49.15% dry base. 28439812 3 29 dep follows 417:423 arg1 95 °C 453:457 95 °C 453:457 95 °C 453:457 The extraction conditions were optimized as follows: time, 40 min; temperature, 95 °C; pH, 5 and enzyme amount, 6000 U/g, under which the yield of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) reached 49.15% dry base. 28439812 3 29 dep follows 417:423 arg1 amount 477:482 enzyme amount 470:482 enzyme amount 470:482 The extraction conditions were optimized as follows: time, 40 min; temperature, 95 °C; pH, 5 and enzyme amount, 6000 U/g, under which the yield of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) reached 49.15% dry base. 28439812 3 29 dep follows 417:423 arg1 pH 460:461 pH 460:461 pH 460:461 The extraction conditions were optimized as follows: time, 40 min; temperature, 95 °C; pH, 5 and enzyme amount, 6000 U/g, under which the yield of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) reached 49.15% dry base. 28439812 3 29 dep follows 417:423 arg1 6000 U/g 485:492 6000 U/g 485:492 6000 U/g 485:492 The extraction conditions were optimized as follows: time, 40 min; temperature, 95 °C; pH, 5 and enzyme amount, 6000 U/g, under which the yield of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) reached 49.15% dry base. 28439812 3 29 dep follows 417:423 arg1 40 min 432:437 40 min 432:437 40 min 432:437 The extraction conditions were optimized as follows: time, 40 min; temperature, 95 °C; pH, 5 and enzyme amount, 6000 U/g, under which the yield of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) reached 49.15% dry base. 28439812 2 30 theme thermostable 231:242 arg1 extraction 263:272 thermostable α-amylase-assisted extraction 231:272 thermostable α-amylase-assisted extraction 231:272 In this study, the thermostable α-amylase-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from G. lemaneiformis were investigated. 28439812 3 31 theme G. 520:521 arg1 GPs 554:556 GPs 554:556 GPs 554:556 The extraction conditions were optimized as follows: time, 40 min; temperature, 95 °C; pH, 5 and enzyme amount, 6000 U/g, under which the yield of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) reached 49.15% dry base. 28439812 3 31 theme G. 520:521 arg1 polysaccharides 537:551 G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides 520:551 G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) 520:557 The extraction conditions were optimized as follows: time, 40 min; temperature, 95 °C; pH, 5 and enzyme amount, 6000 U/g, under which the yield of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) reached 49.15% dry base. 28439812 5 32 used used 813:816 arg2 GPs 727:729 the GPs 723:729 the GPs 723:729 The results indicate that the GPs had strong hydroxyl radical activity at a concentration of 100 μg/mL and could be used as potential antioxidants. 28439812 5 32 used used 813:816 arg2 antioxidants 831:842 potential antioxidants 821:842 potential antioxidants 821:842 The results indicate that the GPs had strong hydroxyl radical activity at a concentration of 100 μg/mL and could be used as potential antioxidants. 28439812 2 33 theme water-soluble 302:314 arg1 polysaccharides 316:330 water-soluble polysaccharides 302:330 water-soluble polysaccharides from G. lemaneiformis 302:352 In this study, the thermostable α-amylase-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from G. lemaneiformis were investigated. 28439812 1 34 theme Gracilaria 103:112 arg1 lemaneiformis 114:126 Gracilaria lemaneiformis 103:126 Gracilaria lemaneiformis (G. lemaneiformis) 103:145 Gracilaria lemaneiformis (G. lemaneiformis) is rich in polysaccharides that have many functional activities. 28439812 1 34 theme Gracilaria 103:112 arg1 lemaneiformis 132:144 lemaneiformis 132:144 lemaneiformis 132:144 Gracilaria lemaneiformis (G. lemaneiformis) is rich in polysaccharides that have many functional activities. 28439812 3 35 theme lemaneiformis 523:535 arg1 GPs 554:556 GPs 554:556 GPs 554:556 The extraction conditions were optimized as follows: time, 40 min; temperature, 95 °C; pH, 5 and enzyme amount, 6000 U/g, under which the yield of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) reached 49.15% dry base. 28439812 3 35 theme lemaneiformis 523:535 arg1 polysaccharides 537:551 G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides 520:551 G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) 520:557 The extraction conditions were optimized as follows: time, 40 min; temperature, 95 °C; pH, 5 and enzyme amount, 6000 U/g, under which the yield of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) reached 49.15% dry base. 28439812 2 36 from G. 337:338 arg1 extraction 263:272 thermostable α-amylase-assisted extraction 231:272 thermostable α-amylase-assisted extraction 231:272 In this study, the thermostable α-amylase-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from G. lemaneiformis were investigated. 28439812 2 36 from G. 337:338 arg1 activity 290:297 antioxidant activity 278:297 antioxidant activity 278:297 In this study, the thermostable α-amylase-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from G. lemaneiformis were investigated. 28439812 2 36 from G. 337:338 arg1 polysaccharides 316:330 water-soluble polysaccharides 302:330 water-soluble polysaccharides from G. lemaneiformis 302:352 In this study, the thermostable α-amylase-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from G. lemaneiformis were investigated. 28439812 0 37 theme Gracilaria 77:86 arg1 lemaneiformis 88:100 Gracilaria lemaneiformis 77:100 Gracilaria lemaneiformis 77:100 Amylase-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Gracilaria lemaneiformis. 28439812 2 38 theme antioxidant 278:288 arg1 activity 290:297 antioxidant activity 278:297 antioxidant activity 278:297 In this study, the thermostable α-amylase-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from G. lemaneiformis were investigated. 28439812 3 39 theme polysaccharides 537:551 arg1 yield 511:515 the yield 507:515 the yield of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) 507:557 The extraction conditions were optimized as follows: time, 40 min; temperature, 95 °C; pH, 5 and enzyme amount, 6000 U/g, under which the yield of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GPs) reached 49.15% dry base. 28439812 4 40 theme monosaccharide 614:627 arg1 composition 629:639 monosaccharide composition 614:639 monosaccharide composition 614:639 The GPs were characterized by monosaccharide composition, FTIR spectrum, UV spectrum and antioxidant activities. 24464784 6 0 theme similar 814:820 arg1 kinetics 822:829 similar kinetics 814:829 similar kinetics 814:829 Furthermore, rates of in vitro release and in vivo release in the rat model followed similar kinetics for up to 16 months. 24464784 1 1 theme chemotherapeutic 132:147 arg1 agents 149:154 chemotherapeutic agents 132:154 chemotherapeutic agents 132:154 Polymeric implants (millirods) have been tested for local delivery of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment. 24464784 5 2 theme main 688:691 arg1 factor 705:710 the main determining factor 684:710 the main determining factor of GTPs release 684:726 Our data showed that GTPs were released from PCL implants continuously for long durations, and drug load was the main determining factor of GTPs release. 24464784 5 2 theme main 688:691 arg1 load 675:678 drug load 670:678 drug load 670:678 Our data showed that GTPs were released from PCL implants continuously for long durations, and drug load was the main determining factor of GTPs release. 24464784 1 3 theme agents 149:154 arg1 delivery 120:127 local delivery 114:127 local delivery of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment 114:174 Polymeric implants (millirods) have been tested for local delivery of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment. 24464784 4 4 theme drug 515:518 arg1 loads 520:524 drug loads 515:524 drug loads 515:524 Factors including polymer compositions, supplements, drug loads, and surface area of implants were investigated. 24464784 7 5 theme mathematical 854:865 arg1 model 867:871 A mathematical model 852:871 A mathematical model 852:871 A mathematical model was deduced and discussed. 24464784 2 6 theme implant 274:280 arg1 design 282:287 rational implant design 265:287 rational implant design 265:287 Modeling of drug release profiles is critical as it may provide theoretical insights on rational implant design. 24464784 6 7 theme rat 795:797 arg1 model 799:803 the rat model 791:803 the rat model 791:803 Furthermore, rates of in vitro release and in vivo release in the rat model followed similar kinetics for up to 16 months. 24464784 1 8 from delivery 120:127 arg1 treatment 166:174 cancer treatment 159:174 cancer treatment 159:174 Polymeric implants (millirods) have been tested for local delivery of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment. 24464784 2 9 theme rational 265:272 arg1 design 282:287 rational implant design 265:287 rational implant design 265:287 Modeling of drug release profiles is critical as it may provide theoretical insights on rational implant design. 24464784 3 10 theme poly 321:324 arg1 system 376:381 a biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymeric implant delivery system 305:381 a biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymeric implant delivery system 305:381 In this study, a biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymeric implant delivery system was tested to deliver green tea polyphenols (GTPs), both in vitro and in vivo. 24464784 1 11 theme Polymeric 62:70 arg1 millirods 82:90 millirods 82:90 millirods 82:90 Polymeric implants (millirods) have been tested for local delivery of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment. 24464784 1 11 theme Polymeric 62:70 arg1 implants 72:79 Polymeric implants 62:79 Polymeric implants (millirods) 62:91 Polymeric implants (millirods) have been tested for local delivery of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment. 24464784 0 12 theme green 39:43 arg1 polyphenols 49:59 green tea polyphenols 39:59 green tea polyphenols 39:59 Polymeric implants for the delivery of green tea polyphenols. 24464784 6 13 theme release 760:766 arg1 rates 742:746 rates 742:746 rates of in vitro release and in vivo release in the rat model 742:803 Furthermore, rates of in vitro release and in vivo release in the rat model followed similar kinetics for up to 16 months. 24464784 3 14 theme polymeric 349:357 arg1 system 376:381 a biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymeric implant delivery system 305:381 a biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymeric implant delivery system 305:381 In this study, a biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymeric implant delivery system was tested to deliver green tea polyphenols (GTPs), both in vitro and in vivo. 24464784 1 15 theme cancer 159:164 arg1 treatment 166:174 cancer treatment 159:174 cancer treatment 159:174 Polymeric implants (millirods) have been tested for local delivery of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment. 24464784 5 16 theme release 720:726 arg1 factor 705:710 the main determining factor 684:710 the main determining factor of GTPs release 684:726 Our data showed that GTPs were released from PCL implants continuously for long durations, and drug load was the main determining factor of GTPs release. 24464784 5 16 theme release 720:726 arg1 load 675:678 drug load 670:678 drug load 670:678 Our data showed that GTPs were released from PCL implants continuously for long durations, and drug load was the main determining factor of GTPs release. 24464784 6 17 theme release 780:786 arg1 rates 742:746 rates 742:746 rates of in vitro release and in vivo release in the rat model 742:803 Furthermore, rates of in vitro release and in vivo release in the rat model followed similar kinetics for up to 16 months. 24464784 6 18 dep in 751:752 arg1 vitro 754:758 vitro 754:758 vitro 754:758 Furthermore, rates of in vitro release and in vivo release in the rat model followed similar kinetics for up to 16 months. 24464784 0 19 theme Polymeric 0:8 arg1 implants 10:17 Polymeric implants 0:17 Polymeric implants for the delivery of green tea polyphenols 0:59 Polymeric implants for the delivery of green tea polyphenols. 24464784 5 20 attach released 606:613 arg2 GTPs 596:599 GTPs 596:599 GTPs 596:599 Our data showed that GTPs were released from PCL implants continuously for long durations, and drug load was the main determining factor of GTPs release. 24464784 5 20 attach released 606:613 arg1 implants 624:631 PCL implants 620:631 PCL implants 620:631 Our data showed that GTPs were released from PCL implants continuously for long durations, and drug load was the main determining factor of GTPs release. 24464784 8 21 theme GTP 900:902 arg1 implants 904:911 GTP implants 900:911 GTP implants 900:911 GTP implants have the potential to be used systemically and locally at the tumor site as an alternative strategy. 24464784 5 22 theme determining 693:703 arg1 factor 705:710 the main determining factor 684:710 the main determining factor of GTPs release 684:726 Our data showed that GTPs were released from PCL implants continuously for long durations, and drug load was the main determining factor of GTPs release. 24464784 5 22 theme determining 693:703 arg1 load 675:678 drug load 670:678 drug load 670:678 Our data showed that GTPs were released from PCL implants continuously for long durations, and drug load was the main determining factor of GTPs release. 24464784 0 23 theme polyphenols 49:59 arg1 delivery 27:34 the delivery 23:34 the delivery of green tea polyphenols 23:59 Polymeric implants for the delivery of green tea polyphenols. 24464784 8 24 theme tumor 975:979 arg1 site 981:984 the tumor site 971:984 the tumor site 971:984 GTP implants have the potential to be used systemically and locally at the tumor site as an alternative strategy. 24464784 6 25 theme in 772:773 arg1 release 780:786 in vivo release 772:786 in vivo release 772:786 Furthermore, rates of in vitro release and in vivo release in the rat model followed similar kinetics for up to 16 months. 24464784 3 26 theme tea 411:413 arg1 polyphenols 415:425 green tea polyphenols 405:425 green tea polyphenols (GTPs) 405:432 In this study, a biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymeric implant delivery system was tested to deliver green tea polyphenols (GTPs), both in vitro and in vivo. 24464784 3 26 theme tea 411:413 arg1 GTPs 428:431 GTPs 428:431 GTPs 428:431 In this study, a biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymeric implant delivery system was tested to deliver green tea polyphenols (GTPs), both in vitro and in vivo. 24464784 6 27 from rates 742:746 arg1 model 799:803 the rat model 791:803 the rat model 791:803 Furthermore, rates of in vitro release and in vivo release in the rat model followed similar kinetics for up to 16 months. 24464784 5 28 theme long 650:653 arg1 durations 655:663 long durations 650:663 long durations 650:663 Our data showed that GTPs were released from PCL implants continuously for long durations, and drug load was the main determining factor of GTPs release. 24464784 6 29 dep 16 841:842 arg1 to 838:839 to 838:839 to 838:839 Furthermore, rates of in vitro release and in vivo release in the rat model followed similar kinetics for up to 16 months. 24464784 5 30 theme drug 670:673 arg1 factor 705:710 the main determining factor 684:710 the main determining factor of GTPs release 684:726 Our data showed that GTPs were released from PCL implants continuously for long durations, and drug load was the main determining factor of GTPs release. 24464784 5 30 theme drug 670:673 arg1 load 675:678 drug load 670:678 drug load 670:678 Our data showed that GTPs were released from PCL implants continuously for long durations, and drug load was the main determining factor of GTPs release. 24464784 3 31 theme implant 359:365 arg1 system 376:381 a biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymeric implant delivery system 305:381 a biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymeric implant delivery system 305:381 In this study, a biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymeric implant delivery system was tested to deliver green tea polyphenols (GTPs), both in vitro and in vivo. 24464784 5 32 theme GTPs 715:718 arg1 release 720:726 GTPs release 715:726 GTPs release 715:726 Our data showed that GTPs were released from PCL implants continuously for long durations, and drug load was the main determining factor of GTPs release. 24464784 3 33 theme biodegradable 307:319 arg1 ε-caprolactone 327:340 ε-caprolactone 327:340 ε-caprolactone 327:340 In this study, a biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymeric implant delivery system was tested to deliver green tea polyphenols (GTPs), both in vitro and in vivo. 24464784 3 33 theme biodegradable 307:319 arg1 PCL 344:346 PCL 344:346 PCL 344:346 In this study, a biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymeric implant delivery system was tested to deliver green tea polyphenols (GTPs), both in vitro and in vivo. 24464784 3 33 theme biodegradable 307:319 arg1 poly 321:324 biodegradable poly 307:324 a biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymeric implant delivery system 305:381 In this study, a biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymeric implant delivery system was tested to deliver green tea polyphenols (GTPs), both in vitro and in vivo. 24464784 3 34 theme delivery 367:374 arg1 system 376:381 a biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymeric implant delivery system 305:381 a biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymeric implant delivery system 305:381 In this study, a biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymeric implant delivery system was tested to deliver green tea polyphenols (GTPs), both in vitro and in vivo. 24464784 4 35 theme polymer 480:486 arg1 compositions 488:499 polymer compositions 480:499 polymer compositions 480:499 Factors including polymer compositions, supplements, drug loads, and surface area of implants were investigated. 24464784 2 36 theme release 194:200 arg1 profiles 202:209 drug release profiles 189:209 drug release profiles 189:209 Modeling of drug release profiles is critical as it may provide theoretical insights on rational implant design. 24464784 2 37 theme profiles 202:209 arg1 Modeling 177:184 Modeling 177:184 Modeling of drug release profiles 177:209 Modeling of drug release profiles is critical as it may provide theoretical insights on rational implant design. 24464784 6 38 dep in 772:773 arg1 vivo 775:778 vivo 775:778 vivo 775:778 Furthermore, rates of in vitro release and in vivo release in the rat model followed similar kinetics for up to 16 months. 24464784 8 39 theme alternative 992:1002 arg1 strategy 1004:1011 an alternative strategy 989:1011 an alternative strategy 989:1011 GTP implants have the potential to be used systemically and locally at the tumor site as an alternative strategy. 24464784 2 40 theme drug 189:192 arg1 profiles 202:209 drug release profiles 189:209 drug release profiles 189:209 Modeling of drug release profiles is critical as it may provide theoretical insights on rational implant design. 24464784 2 41 theme theoretical 241:251 arg1 insights 253:260 theoretical insights 241:260 theoretical insights on rational implant design 241:287 Modeling of drug release profiles is critical as it may provide theoretical insights on rational implant design. 24464784 6 42 theme in 751:752 arg1 release 760:766 in vitro release 751:766 in vitro release 751:766 Furthermore, rates of in vitro release and in vivo release in the rat model followed similar kinetics for up to 16 months. 24464784 2 43 from insights 253:260 arg1 design 282:287 rational implant design 265:287 rational implant design 265:287 Modeling of drug release profiles is critical as it may provide theoretical insights on rational implant design. 24464784 5 44 theme PCL 620:622 arg1 implants 624:631 PCL implants 620:631 PCL implants 620:631 Our data showed that GTPs were released from PCL implants continuously for long durations, and drug load was the main determining factor of GTPs release. 24464784 1 45 theme local 114:118 arg1 delivery 120:127 local delivery 114:127 local delivery of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment 114:174 Polymeric implants (millirods) have been tested for local delivery of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment. 24464784 4 46 theme surface 531:537 arg1 area 539:542 surface area 531:542 surface area of implants 531:554 Factors including polymer compositions, supplements, drug loads, and surface area of implants were investigated. 24464784 8 47 contain have 913:916 arg2 potential 922:930 the potential to be used systemically and locally at the tumor site as an alternative strategy 918:1011 the potential to be used systemically and locally at the tumor site as an alternative strategy 918:1011 GTP implants have the potential to be used systemically and locally at the tumor site as an alternative strategy. 24464784 8 47 contain have 913:916 arg1 implants 904:911 GTP implants 900:911 GTP implants 900:911 GTP implants have the potential to be used systemically and locally at the tumor site as an alternative strategy. 24464784 3 48 theme green 405:409 arg1 polyphenols 415:425 green tea polyphenols 405:425 green tea polyphenols (GTPs) 405:432 In this study, a biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymeric implant delivery system was tested to deliver green tea polyphenols (GTPs), both in vitro and in vivo. 24464784 3 48 theme green 405:409 arg1 GTPs 428:431 GTPs 428:431 GTPs 428:431 In this study, a biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymeric implant delivery system was tested to deliver green tea polyphenols (GTPs), both in vitro and in vivo. 24464784 4 49 theme implants 547:554 arg1 area 539:542 surface area 531:542 surface area of implants 531:554 Factors including polymer compositions, supplements, drug loads, and surface area of implants were investigated. 24464784 4 49 theme implants 547:554 arg1 supplements 502:512 supplements 502:512 supplements 502:512 Factors including polymer compositions, supplements, drug loads, and surface area of implants were investigated. 24464784 4 49 theme implants 547:554 arg1 loads 520:524 drug loads 515:524 drug loads 515:524 Factors including polymer compositions, supplements, drug loads, and surface area of implants were investigated. 24464784 4 49 theme implants 547:554 arg1 compositions 488:499 polymer compositions 480:499 polymer compositions 480:499 Factors including polymer compositions, supplements, drug loads, and surface area of implants were investigated. 24464784 0 50 theme tea 45:47 arg1 polyphenols 49:59 green tea polyphenols 39:59 green tea polyphenols 39:59 Polymeric implants for the delivery of green tea polyphenols. 24480908 10 0 theme gene 1393:1396 arg1 similarity 1407:1416 very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1375:1416 very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium 1375:1510 All these species show very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium. 24480908 10 0 theme gene 1393:1396 arg1 % 1422:1422 <85% 1419:1422 <85% 1419:1422 All these species show very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium. 24480908 1 1 theme Romboutsia 223:232 arg1 nov. 266:269 Intestinibacter gen. nov. 245:269 Intestinibacter gen. nov. 245:269 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 1 1 theme Romboutsia 223:232 arg1 nov 323:325 nov 323:325 nov 323:325 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 1 1 theme Romboutsia 223:232 arg1 nov. 294:297 Terrisporobacter gen. nov. 272:297 Terrisporobacter gen. nov. 272:297 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 1 1 theme Romboutsia 223:232 arg1 nov. 239:242 the genera Romboutsia gen. nov. 212:242 the genera Romboutsia gen. nov. 212:242 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 6 2 theme cell-wall 869:877 arg1 sugars 879:884 The predominating cell-wall sugars 851:884 The predominating cell-wall sugars 851:884 The predominating cell-wall sugars were glucose and galactose. 24480908 6 2 theme cell-wall 869:877 arg1 glucose 891:897 glucose 891:897 glucose 891:897 The predominating cell-wall sugars were glucose and galactose. 24480908 13 3 theme type 1782:1785 arg1 CRIBT 1732:1736 The novel isolate CRIBT 1714:1736 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) 1714:1761 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 13 3 theme type 1782:1785 arg1 strain 1787:1792 the type strain 1778:1792 the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp 1778:1846 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 3 4 theme cellular 526:533 arg1 acids 541:545 The major cellular fatty acids 516:545 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT 516:561 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 3 4 theme cellular 526:533 arg1 acids 623:627 saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids 568:627 saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids 568:627 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 5 5 theme only 828:831 arg1 MK-6 845:848 MK-6 845:848 MK-6 845:848 The only quinone was MK-6. 24480908 5 5 theme only 828:831 arg1 quinone 833:839 The only quinone 824:839 The only quinone 824:839 The only quinone was MK-6. 24480908 9 6 theme species 1144:1150 arg1 lituseburense 1200:1212 Clostridium lituseburense 1188:1212 Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%) 1188:1220 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain CRIBT was most closely related to a number of species of the genus Clostridium, including Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%), Clostridium glycolicum (96.2%), Clostridium mayombei (96.2%), Clostridium bartlettii (96.0%) and Clostridium irregulare (95.5%). 24480908 9 6 theme species 1144:1150 arg1 number 1134:1139 a number 1132:1139 a number of species of the genus Clostridium, including Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%), Clostridium glycolicum (96.2%), Clostridium mayombei (96.2%), Clostridium bartlettii (96.0%) and Clostridium irregulare (95.5%) 1132:1349 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain CRIBT was most closely related to a number of species of the genus Clostridium, including Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%), Clostridium glycolicum (96.2%), Clostridium mayombei (96.2%), Clostridium bartlettii (96.0%) and Clostridium irregulare (95.5%). 24480908 3 7 theme strain 550:555 arg1 CRIBT 557:561 strain CRIBT 550:561 strain CRIBT 550:561 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 11 8 with hybridization 1521:1533 arg1 strains 1566:1572 closely related reference strains 1540:1572 closely related reference strains 1540:1572 DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related reference strains indicated reassociation values below 32%. 24480908 8 9 theme genomic 985:991 arg1 % 1037:1037 28.1 mol% 1029:1037 28.1 mol% 1029:1037 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CRIBT was 28.1 mol%. 24480908 8 9 theme genomic 985:991 arg1 content 1001:1007 The genomic DNA G+C content 981:1007 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CRIBT 981:1023 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CRIBT was 28.1 mol%. 24480908 21 10 theme additional 2432:2441 arg1 data 2443:2446 additional data 2432:2446 additional data collected in this study 2432:2470 nov. (type species of the genus), on the basis of additional data collected in this study. 24480908 1 11 attach isolated 60:67 arg2 nov. 54:57 nov. 54:57 nov. 54:57 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 1 11 attach isolated 60:67 arg1 tract 96:100 the gastro-intestinal tract 74:100 the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat 74:109 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 1 12 theme members 174:180 arg1 reclassification 133:148 the reclassification 129:148 the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium 129:205 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 19 13 theme genus 2243:2247 arg1 species 2228:2234 type species 2223:2234 type species of the genus 2223:2247 nov. (type species of the genus), C. mayombei, as Terrisporobacter mayombei gen. nov., comb. 24480908 9 14 theme Clostridium 1165:1175 arg1 lituseburense 1200:1212 Clostridium lituseburense 1188:1212 Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%) 1188:1220 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain CRIBT was most closely related to a number of species of the genus Clostridium, including Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%), Clostridium glycolicum (96.2%), Clostridium mayombei (96.2%), Clostridium bartlettii (96.0%) and Clostridium irregulare (95.5%). 24480908 9 14 theme Clostridium 1165:1175 arg1 species 1144:1150 species 1144:1150 species 1144:1150 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain CRIBT was most closely related to a number of species of the genus Clostridium, including Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%), Clostridium glycolicum (96.2%), Clostridium mayombei (96.2%), Clostridium bartlettii (96.0%) and Clostridium irregulare (95.5%). 24480908 10 15 theme Clostridium 1447:1457 arg1 butyricum 1459:1467 Clostridium butyricum 1447:1467 Clostridium butyricum 1447:1467 All these species show very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium. 24480908 10 15 theme Clostridium 1447:1457 arg1 species 1479:1485 the type species 1470:1485 the type species of the genus Clostridium 1470:1510 All these species show very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium. 24480908 19 16 theme Terrisporobacter 2267:2282 arg1 comb 2304:2307 comb 2304:2307 comb 2304:2307 nov. (type species of the genus), C. mayombei, as Terrisporobacter mayombei gen. nov., comb. 24480908 19 16 theme Terrisporobacter 2267:2282 arg1 nov. 2298:2301 Terrisporobacter mayombei gen. nov. 2267:2301 Terrisporobacter mayombei gen. nov. 2267:2301 nov. (type species of the genus), C. mayombei, as Terrisporobacter mayombei gen. nov., comb. 24480908 19 17 theme mayombei 2284:2291 arg1 comb 2304:2307 comb 2304:2307 comb 2304:2307 nov. (type species of the genus), C. mayombei, as Terrisporobacter mayombei gen. nov., comb. 24480908 19 17 theme mayombei 2284:2291 arg1 nov. 2298:2301 Terrisporobacter mayombei gen. nov. 2267:2301 Terrisporobacter mayombei gen. nov. 2267:2301 nov. (type species of the genus), C. mayombei, as Terrisporobacter mayombei gen. nov., comb. 24480908 17 18 theme bartlettii 2092:2101 arg1 reclassification 2007:2022 the reclassification 2003:2022 the reclassification into novel genera 2003:2040 Furthermore, the reclassification into novel genera is proposed for C. bartlettii, as Intestinibacter bartlettii gen. nov., comb. 24480908 17 18 theme bartlettii 2092:2101 arg1 comb 2114:2117 comb 2114:2117 comb 2114:2117 Furthermore, the reclassification into novel genera is proposed for C. bartlettii, as Intestinibacter bartlettii gen. nov., comb. 24480908 17 18 theme bartlettii 2092:2101 arg1 nov. 2108:2111 Intestinibacter bartlettii gen. nov. 2076:2111 Intestinibacter bartlettii gen. nov. 2076:2111 Furthermore, the reclassification into novel genera is proposed for C. bartlettii, as Intestinibacter bartlettii gen. nov., comb. 24480908 3 19 theme fatty 617:621 arg1 acids 541:545 The major cellular fatty acids 516:545 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT 516:561 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 3 19 theme fatty 617:621 arg1 acids 623:627 saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids 568:627 saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids 568:627 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 7 20 theme A1σ 957:959 arg1 type 932:935 The peptidoglycan type 914:935 The peptidoglycan type of strain CRIBT 914:951 The peptidoglycan type of strain CRIBT was A1σ lanthionine-direct. 24480908 7 20 theme A1σ 957:959 arg1 lanthionine-direct 961:978 A1σ lanthionine-direct 957:978 A1σ lanthionine-direct 957:978 The peptidoglycan type of strain CRIBT was A1σ lanthionine-direct. 24480908 13 21 theme 25109T=NIZO 1744:1754 arg1 4048T 1756:1760 =DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T 1739:1760 =DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T 1739:1760 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 13 21 theme 25109T=NIZO 1744:1754 arg1 CRIBT 1732:1736 The novel isolate CRIBT 1714:1736 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) 1714:1761 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 20 22 theme Asaccharospora 2338:2351 arg1 comb 2376:2379 comb 2376:2379 comb 2376:2379 nov., and C. irregulare, as Asaccharospora irregularis gen. nov., comb. 24480908 20 22 theme Asaccharospora 2338:2351 arg1 nov. 2370:2373 Asaccharospora irregularis gen. nov. 2338:2373 Asaccharospora irregularis gen. nov. 2338:2373 nov., and C. irregulare, as Asaccharospora irregularis gen. nov., comb. 24480908 3 23 theme straight-chain 594:607 arg1 acids 541:545 The major cellular fatty acids 516:545 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT 516:561 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 3 23 theme straight-chain 594:607 arg1 acids 623:627 saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids 568:627 saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids 568:627 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 7 24 theme CRIBT 947:951 arg1 type 932:935 The peptidoglycan type 914:935 The peptidoglycan type of strain CRIBT 914:951 The peptidoglycan type of strain CRIBT was A1σ lanthionine-direct. 24480908 7 24 theme CRIBT 947:951 arg1 lanthionine-direct 961:978 A1σ lanthionine-direct 957:978 A1σ lanthionine-direct 957:978 The peptidoglycan type of strain CRIBT was A1σ lanthionine-direct. 24480908 2 25 theme gastro-intestinal 464:480 arg1 tract 482:486 the gastro-intestinal tract 460:486 the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat 460:495 A Gram-positive staining, rod-shaped, non-motile, spore-forming obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated CRIBT, was isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat and characterized. 24480908 4 26 theme polar 679:683 arg1 profile 691:697 The polar lipid profile 675:697 The polar lipid profile 675:697 The polar lipid profile comprised six glycolipids, four phospholipids and one lipid that did not stain with any of the specific spray reagents used. 24480908 20 27 theme gen. 2365:2368 arg1 comb 2376:2379 comb 2376:2379 comb 2376:2379 nov., and C. irregulare, as Asaccharospora irregularis gen. nov., comb. 24480908 20 27 theme gen. 2365:2368 arg1 nov. 2370:2373 Asaccharospora irregularis gen. nov. 2338:2373 Asaccharospora irregularis gen. nov. 2338:2373 nov., and C. irregulare, as Asaccharospora irregularis gen. nov., comb. 24480908 19 28 theme gen. 2293:2296 arg1 comb 2304:2307 comb 2304:2307 comb 2304:2307 nov. (type species of the genus), C. mayombei, as Terrisporobacter mayombei gen. nov., comb. 24480908 19 28 theme gen. 2293:2296 arg1 nov. 2298:2301 Terrisporobacter mayombei gen. nov. 2267:2301 Terrisporobacter mayombei gen. nov. 2267:2301 nov. (type species of the genus), C. mayombei, as Terrisporobacter mayombei gen. nov., comb. 24480908 8 29 theme G+C 997:999 arg1 % 1037:1037 28.1 mol% 1029:1037 28.1 mol% 1029:1037 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CRIBT was 28.1 mol%. 24480908 8 29 theme G+C 997:999 arg1 content 1001:1007 The genomic DNA G+C content 981:1007 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CRIBT 981:1023 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CRIBT was 28.1 mol%. 24480908 2 30 attach isolated 446:453 arg2 staining 344:351 A Gram-positive staining 328:351 A Gram-positive staining 328:351 A Gram-positive staining, rod-shaped, non-motile, spore-forming obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated CRIBT, was isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat and characterized. 24480908 2 30 attach isolated 446:453 arg1 tract 482:486 the gastro-intestinal tract 460:486 the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat 460:495 A Gram-positive staining, rod-shaped, non-motile, spore-forming obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated CRIBT, was isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat and characterized. 24480908 2 30 attach isolated 446:453 arg2 bacterium 413:421 rod-shaped, non-motile, spore-forming obligately anaerobic bacterium 354:421 rod-shaped, non-motile, spore-forming obligately anaerobic bacterium 354:421 A Gram-positive staining, rod-shaped, non-motile, spore-forming obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated CRIBT, was isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat and characterized. 24480908 15 31 theme lituseburensis 1964:1977 arg1 comb 1979:1982 Romboutsia lituseburensis comb 1953:1982 Romboutsia lituseburensis comb 1953:1982 It is proposed that C. lituseburense is transferred to this genus as Romboutsia lituseburensis comb. 24480908 15 31 theme lituseburensis 1964:1977 arg1 lituseburense 1907:1919 C. lituseburense 1904:1919 C. lituseburense 1904:1919 It is proposed that C. lituseburense is transferred to this genus as Romboutsia lituseburensis comb. 24480908 17 32 theme novel 2029:2033 arg1 genera 2035:2040 novel genera 2029:2040 novel genera 2029:2040 Furthermore, the reclassification into novel genera is proposed for C. bartlettii, as Intestinibacter bartlettii gen. nov., comb. 24480908 13 33 theme isolate 1724:1730 arg1 4048T 1756:1760 =DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T 1739:1760 =DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T 1739:1760 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 13 33 theme isolate 1724:1730 arg1 CRIBT 1732:1736 The novel isolate CRIBT 1714:1736 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) 1714:1761 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 13 33 theme isolate 1724:1730 arg1 strain 1787:1792 the type strain 1778:1792 the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp 1778:1846 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 7 34 theme peptidoglycan 918:930 arg1 type 932:935 The peptidoglycan type 914:935 The peptidoglycan type of strain CRIBT 914:951 The peptidoglycan type of strain CRIBT was A1σ lanthionine-direct. 24480908 7 34 theme peptidoglycan 918:930 arg1 lanthionine-direct 961:978 A1σ lanthionine-direct 957:978 A1σ lanthionine-direct 957:978 The peptidoglycan type of strain CRIBT was A1σ lanthionine-direct. 24480908 2 35 theme rat 493:495 arg1 tract 482:486 the gastro-intestinal tract 460:486 the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat 460:495 A Gram-positive staining, rod-shaped, non-motile, spore-forming obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated CRIBT, was isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat and characterized. 24480908 22 36 theme order 2553:2557 arg1 Eubacteriales 2559:2571 the order Eubacteriales 2549:2571 the order Eubacteriales 2549:2571 In addition, an emendation of the species Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and the order Eubacteriales is provided. 24480908 22 36 theme order 2553:2557 arg1 species 2507:2513 the species Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and the order Eubacteriales 2503:2571 the species Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and the order Eubacteriales 2503:2571 In addition, an emendation of the species Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and the order Eubacteriales is provided. 24480908 22 37 dep Peptostreptococcus 2515:2532 arg1 anaerobius 2534:2543 Peptostreptococcus anaerobius 2515:2543 Peptostreptococcus anaerobius 2515:2543 In addition, an emendation of the species Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and the order Eubacteriales is provided. 24480908 13 38 theme sp 1845:1846 arg1 CRIBT 1732:1736 The novel isolate CRIBT 1714:1736 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) 1714:1761 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 13 38 theme sp 1845:1846 arg1 strain 1787:1792 the type strain 1778:1792 the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp 1778:1846 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 8 39 theme CRIBT 1019:1023 arg1 % 1037:1037 28.1 mol% 1029:1037 28.1 mol% 1029:1037 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CRIBT was 28.1 mol%. 24480908 8 39 theme CRIBT 1019:1023 arg1 content 1001:1007 The genomic DNA G+C content 981:1007 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CRIBT 981:1023 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CRIBT was 28.1 mol%. 24480908 14 40 theme novel 1871:1875 arg1 genus 1877:1881 the proposed novel genus 1858:1881 the proposed novel genus 1858:1881 nov., of the proposed novel genus. 24480908 2 41 theme rod-shaped 354:363 arg1 bacterium 413:421 rod-shaped, non-motile, spore-forming obligately anaerobic bacterium 354:421 rod-shaped, non-motile, spore-forming obligately anaerobic bacterium 354:421 A Gram-positive staining, rod-shaped, non-motile, spore-forming obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated CRIBT, was isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat and characterized. 24480908 2 41 theme rod-shaped 354:363 arg1 staining 344:351 A Gram-positive staining 328:351 A Gram-positive staining 328:351 A Gram-positive staining, rod-shaped, non-motile, spore-forming obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated CRIBT, was isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat and characterized. 24480908 18 42 theme gen. 2200:2203 arg1 comb 2211:2214 comb 2211:2214 comb 2211:2214 nov. (type species of the genus), C. glycolicum, as Terrisporobacter glycolicus gen. nov., comb. 24480908 18 42 theme gen. 2200:2203 arg1 nov. 2205:2208 Terrisporobacter glycolicus gen. nov. 2172:2208 Terrisporobacter glycolicus gen. nov. 2172:2208 nov. (type species of the genus), C. glycolicum, as Terrisporobacter glycolicus gen. nov., comb. 24480908 2 43 theme anaerobic 403:411 arg1 bacterium 413:421 rod-shaped, non-motile, spore-forming obligately anaerobic bacterium 354:421 rod-shaped, non-motile, spore-forming obligately anaerobic bacterium 354:421 A Gram-positive staining, rod-shaped, non-motile, spore-forming obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated CRIBT, was isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat and characterized. 24480908 2 43 theme anaerobic 403:411 arg1 staining 344:351 A Gram-positive staining 328:351 A Gram-positive staining 328:351 A Gram-positive staining, rod-shaped, non-motile, spore-forming obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated CRIBT, was isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat and characterized. 24480908 0 44 theme Romboutsia 20:29 arg1 nov. 44:47 Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov. 20:47 Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov. 20:47 Characterization of Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 0 44 theme Romboutsia 20:29 arg1 sp 50:51 sp 50:51 sp 50:51 Characterization of Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 1 45 theme gen. 261:264 arg1 nov. 266:269 Intestinibacter gen. nov. 245:269 Intestinibacter gen. nov. 245:269 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 1 45 theme gen. 261:264 arg1 nov. 239:242 the genera Romboutsia gen. nov. 212:242 the genera Romboutsia gen. nov. 212:242 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 12 46 dep studies 1655:1661 arg1 the 1619:1621 the 1619:1621 the 1619:1621 On the basis of phenotypic and genetic studies, a novel genus, Romboutsia gen. nov., is proposed. 24480908 12 46 dep studies 1655:1661 arg1 basis 1623:1627 basis 1623:1627 basis 1623:1627 On the basis of phenotypic and genetic studies, a novel genus, Romboutsia gen. nov., is proposed. 24480908 18 47 theme Terrisporobacter 2172:2187 arg1 comb 2211:2214 comb 2211:2214 comb 2211:2214 nov. (type species of the genus), C. glycolicum, as Terrisporobacter glycolicus gen. nov., comb. 24480908 18 47 theme Terrisporobacter 2172:2187 arg1 nov. 2205:2208 Terrisporobacter glycolicus gen. nov. 2172:2208 Terrisporobacter glycolicus gen. nov. 2172:2208 nov. (type species of the genus), C. glycolicum, as Terrisporobacter glycolicus gen. nov., comb. 24480908 11 48 theme related 1548:1554 arg1 strains 1566:1572 closely related reference strains 1540:1572 closely related reference strains 1540:1572 DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related reference strains indicated reassociation values below 32%. 24480908 9 49 theme rRNA 1060:1063 arg1 similarity 1079:1088 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1056:1088 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1056:1088 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain CRIBT was most closely related to a number of species of the genus Clostridium, including Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%), Clostridium glycolicum (96.2%), Clostridium mayombei (96.2%), Clostridium bartlettii (96.0%) and Clostridium irregulare (95.5%). 24480908 10 50 theme Clostridium 1500:1510 arg1 butyricum 1459:1467 Clostridium butyricum 1447:1467 Clostridium butyricum 1447:1467 All these species show very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium. 24480908 10 50 theme Clostridium 1500:1510 arg1 species 1479:1485 the type species 1470:1485 the type species of the genus Clostridium 1470:1510 All these species show very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium. 24480908 0 51 theme gen. 39:42 arg1 nov. 44:47 Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov. 20:47 Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov. 20:47 Characterization of Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 0 51 theme gen. 39:42 arg1 sp 50:51 sp 50:51 sp 50:51 Characterization of Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 10 52 theme rRNA 1388:1391 arg1 similarity 1407:1416 very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1375:1416 very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium 1375:1510 All these species show very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium. 24480908 10 52 theme rRNA 1388:1391 arg1 % 1422:1422 <85% 1419:1422 <85% 1419:1422 All these species show very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium. 24480908 4 53 theme specific 794:801 arg1 reagents 809:816 the specific spray reagents 790:816 the specific spray reagents used 790:821 The polar lipid profile comprised six glycolipids, four phospholipids and one lipid that did not stain with any of the specific spray reagents used. 24480908 9 54 theme sequence 1070:1077 arg1 similarity 1079:1088 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1056:1088 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1056:1088 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain CRIBT was most closely related to a number of species of the genus Clostridium, including Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%), Clostridium glycolicum (96.2%), Clostridium mayombei (96.2%), Clostridium bartlettii (96.0%) and Clostridium irregulare (95.5%). 24480908 1 55 theme gen. 289:292 arg1 nov. 239:242 the genera Romboutsia gen. nov. 212:242 the genera Romboutsia gen. nov. 212:242 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 1 55 theme gen. 289:292 arg1 nov. 294:297 Terrisporobacter gen. nov. 272:297 Terrisporobacter gen. nov. 272:297 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 12 56 theme novel 1666:1670 arg1 genus 1672:1676 a novel genus 1664:1676 a novel genus 1664:1676 On the basis of phenotypic and genetic studies, a novel genus, Romboutsia gen. nov., is proposed. 24480908 12 56 theme novel 1666:1670 arg1 nov. 1695:1698 Romboutsia gen. nov. 1679:1698 Romboutsia gen. nov. 1679:1698 On the basis of phenotypic and genetic studies, a novel genus, Romboutsia gen. nov., is proposed. 24480908 10 57 theme low 1380:1382 arg1 similarity 1407:1416 very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1375:1416 very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium 1375:1510 All these species show very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium. 24480908 10 57 theme low 1380:1382 arg1 % 1422:1422 <85% 1419:1422 <85% 1419:1422 All these species show very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium. 24480908 11 58 theme reassociation 1584:1596 arg1 values 1598:1603 reassociation values 1584:1603 reassociation values 1584:1603 DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related reference strains indicated reassociation values below 32%. 24480908 2 59 dep rod-shaped 354:363 arg1 spore-forming 378:390 spore-forming 378:390 spore-forming 378:390 A Gram-positive staining, rod-shaped, non-motile, spore-forming obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated CRIBT, was isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat and characterized. 24480908 2 59 dep rod-shaped 354:363 arg1 non-motile 366:375 non-motile 366:375 non-motile 366:375 A Gram-positive staining, rod-shaped, non-motile, spore-forming obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated CRIBT, was isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat and characterized. 24480908 13 60 theme gen. 1834:1837 arg1 nov. 1839:1842 Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov. 1815:1842 Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov. 1815:1842 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 13 60 theme gen. 1834:1837 arg1 species 1806:1812 the type species 1797:1812 the type species 1797:1812 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 1 61 theme genus 189:193 arg1 Clostridium 195:205 the genus Clostridium 185:205 the genus Clostridium 185:205 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 12 62 theme Romboutsia 1679:1688 arg1 genus 1672:1676 a novel genus 1664:1676 a novel genus 1664:1676 On the basis of phenotypic and genetic studies, a novel genus, Romboutsia gen. nov., is proposed. 24480908 12 62 theme Romboutsia 1679:1688 arg1 nov. 1695:1698 Romboutsia gen. nov. 1679:1698 Romboutsia gen. nov. 1679:1698 On the basis of phenotypic and genetic studies, a novel genus, Romboutsia gen. nov., is proposed. 24480908 12 63 theme phenotypic 1632:1641 arg1 studies 1655:1661 phenotypic and genetic studies 1632:1661 phenotypic and genetic studies 1632:1661 On the basis of phenotypic and genetic studies, a novel genus, Romboutsia gen. nov., is proposed. 24480908 9 64 theme Clostridium 1320:1330 arg1 irregulare 1332:1341 Clostridium irregulare 1320:1341 Clostridium irregulare (95.5%) 1320:1349 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain CRIBT was most closely related to a number of species of the genus Clostridium, including Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%), Clostridium glycolicum (96.2%), Clostridium mayombei (96.2%), Clostridium bartlettii (96.0%) and Clostridium irregulare (95.5%). 24480908 9 64 theme Clostridium 1320:1330 arg1 % 1348:1348 95.5% 1344:1348 95.5% 1344:1348 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain CRIBT was most closely related to a number of species of the genus Clostridium, including Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%), Clostridium glycolicum (96.2%), Clostridium mayombei (96.2%), Clostridium bartlettii (96.0%) and Clostridium irregulare (95.5%). 24480908 9 64 theme Clostridium 1320:1330 arg1 lituseburense 1200:1212 Clostridium lituseburense 1188:1212 Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%) 1188:1220 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain CRIBT was most closely related to a number of species of the genus Clostridium, including Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%), Clostridium glycolicum (96.2%), Clostridium mayombei (96.2%), Clostridium bartlettii (96.0%) and Clostridium irregulare (95.5%). 24480908 12 65 theme genetic 1647:1653 arg1 studies 1655:1661 phenotypic and genetic studies 1632:1661 phenotypic and genetic studies 1632:1661 On the basis of phenotypic and genetic studies, a novel genus, Romboutsia gen. nov., is proposed. 24480908 10 66 theme sequence 1398:1405 arg1 similarity 1407:1416 very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1375:1416 very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium 1375:1510 All these species show very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium. 24480908 10 66 theme sequence 1398:1405 arg1 % 1422:1422 <85% 1419:1422 <85% 1419:1422 All these species show very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium. 24480908 13 67 theme species 1806:1812 arg1 sp 1845:1846 the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp 1797:1846 the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp 1797:1846 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 21 68 dep nov 2382:2384 arg1 species 2393:2399 type species 2388:2399 type species of the genus 2388:2412 nov. (type species of the genus), on the basis of additional data collected in this study. 24480908 1 69 theme genera 216:221 arg1 nov. 266:269 Intestinibacter gen. nov. 245:269 Intestinibacter gen. nov. 245:269 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 1 69 theme genera 216:221 arg1 nov 323:325 nov 323:325 nov 323:325 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 1 69 theme genera 216:221 arg1 nov. 294:297 Terrisporobacter gen. nov. 272:297 Terrisporobacter gen. nov. 272:297 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 1 69 theme genera 216:221 arg1 nov. 239:242 the genera Romboutsia gen. nov. 212:242 the genera Romboutsia gen. nov. 212:242 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 21 70 theme genus 2408:2412 arg1 species 2393:2399 type species 2388:2399 type species of the genus 2388:2412 nov. (type species of the genus), on the basis of additional data collected in this study. 24480908 3 71 theme major 520:524 arg1 acids 541:545 The major cellular fatty acids 516:545 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT 516:561 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 3 71 theme major 520:524 arg1 acids 623:627 saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids 568:627 saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids 568:627 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 1 72 theme gen. 234:237 arg1 nov. 266:269 Intestinibacter gen. nov. 245:269 Intestinibacter gen. nov. 245:269 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 1 72 theme gen. 234:237 arg1 nov 323:325 nov 323:325 nov 323:325 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 1 72 theme gen. 234:237 arg1 nov. 294:297 Terrisporobacter gen. nov. 272:297 Terrisporobacter gen. nov. 272:297 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 1 72 theme gen. 234:237 arg1 nov. 239:242 the genera Romboutsia gen. nov. 212:242 the genera Romboutsia gen. nov. 212:242 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 6 73 theme predominating 855:867 arg1 sugars 879:884 The predominating cell-wall sugars 851:884 The predominating cell-wall sugars 851:884 The predominating cell-wall sugars were glucose and galactose. 24480908 6 73 theme predominating 855:867 arg1 glucose 891:897 glucose 891:897 glucose 891:897 The predominating cell-wall sugars were glucose and galactose. 24480908 13 74 theme Romboutsia 1815:1824 arg1 nov. 1839:1842 Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov. 1815:1842 Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov. 1815:1842 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 13 74 theme Romboutsia 1815:1824 arg1 species 1806:1812 the type species 1797:1812 the type species 1797:1812 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 18 75 theme genus 2146:2150 arg1 species 2131:2137 type species 2126:2137 type species of the genus 2126:2150 nov. (type species of the genus), C. glycolicum, as Terrisporobacter glycolicus gen. nov., comb. 24480908 11 76 theme DNA-DNA 1513:1519 arg1 hybridization 1521:1533 DNA-DNA hybridization 1513:1533 DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related reference strains 1513:1572 DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related reference strains indicated reassociation values below 32%. 24480908 4 77 theme spray 803:807 arg1 reagents 809:816 the specific spray reagents 790:816 the specific spray reagents used 790:821 The polar lipid profile comprised six glycolipids, four phospholipids and one lipid that did not stain with any of the specific spray reagents used. 24480908 8 78 theme DNA 993:995 arg1 % 1037:1037 28.1 mol% 1029:1037 28.1 mol% 1029:1037 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CRIBT was 28.1 mol%. 24480908 8 78 theme DNA 993:995 arg1 content 1001:1007 The genomic DNA G+C content 981:1007 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CRIBT 981:1023 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CRIBT was 28.1 mol%. 24480908 10 79 theme type 1432:1435 arg1 strain 1437:1442 the type strain 1428:1442 the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium 1428:1510 All these species show very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium. 24480908 3 80 theme fatty 535:539 arg1 acids 541:545 The major cellular fatty acids 516:545 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT 516:561 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 3 80 theme fatty 535:539 arg1 acids 623:627 saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids 568:627 saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids 568:627 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 1 81 theme related 166:172 arg1 members 174:180 five closely related members 153:180 five closely related members of the genus Clostridium 153:205 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 13 82 theme ilealis 1826:1832 arg1 nov. 1839:1842 Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov. 1815:1842 Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov. 1815:1842 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 13 82 theme ilealis 1826:1832 arg1 species 1806:1812 the type species 1797:1812 the type species 1797:1812 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 17 83 theme C. 2058:2059 arg1 bartlettii 2061:2070 C. bartlettii 2058:2070 C. bartlettii 2058:2070 Furthermore, the reclassification into novel genera is proposed for C. bartlettii, as Intestinibacter bartlettii gen. nov., comb. 24480908 21 84 theme data 2443:2446 arg1 basis 2423:2427 the basis 2419:2427 the basis of additional data collected in this study 2419:2470 nov. (type species of the genus), on the basis of additional data collected in this study. 24480908 9 85 theme genus 1159:1163 arg1 Clostridium 1165:1175 the genus Clostridium 1155:1175 the genus Clostridium 1155:1175 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain CRIBT was most closely related to a number of species of the genus Clostridium, including Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%), Clostridium glycolicum (96.2%), Clostridium mayombei (96.2%), Clostridium bartlettii (96.0%) and Clostridium irregulare (95.5%). 24480908 3 86 theme saturated 568:576 arg1 acids 541:545 The major cellular fatty acids 516:545 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT 516:561 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 3 86 theme saturated 568:576 arg1 acids 623:627 saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids 568:627 saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids 568:627 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 15 87 theme C. 1904:1905 arg1 comb 1979:1982 Romboutsia lituseburensis comb 1953:1982 Romboutsia lituseburensis comb 1953:1982 It is proposed that C. lituseburense is transferred to this genus as Romboutsia lituseburensis comb. 24480908 15 87 theme C. 1904:1905 arg1 lituseburense 1907:1919 C. lituseburense 1904:1919 C. lituseburense 1904:1919 It is proposed that C. lituseburense is transferred to this genus as Romboutsia lituseburensis comb. 24480908 22 88 theme species 2507:2513 arg1 emendation 2489:2498 an emendation 2486:2498 an emendation of the species Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and the order Eubacteriales 2486:2571 In addition, an emendation of the species Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and the order Eubacteriales is provided. 24480908 10 89 theme butyricum 1459:1467 arg1 strain 1437:1442 the type strain 1428:1442 the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium 1428:1510 All these species show very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium. 24480908 3 90 theme CRIBT 557:561 arg1 acids 541:545 The major cellular fatty acids 516:545 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT 516:561 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 3 90 theme CRIBT 557:561 arg1 acids 623:627 saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids 568:627 saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids 568:627 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 17 91 theme Intestinibacter 2076:2090 arg1 reclassification 2007:2022 the reclassification 2003:2022 the reclassification into novel genera 2003:2040 Furthermore, the reclassification into novel genera is proposed for C. bartlettii, as Intestinibacter bartlettii gen. nov., comb. 24480908 17 91 theme Intestinibacter 2076:2090 arg1 comb 2114:2117 comb 2114:2117 comb 2114:2117 Furthermore, the reclassification into novel genera is proposed for C. bartlettii, as Intestinibacter bartlettii gen. nov., comb. 24480908 17 91 theme Intestinibacter 2076:2090 arg1 nov. 2108:2111 Intestinibacter bartlettii gen. nov. 2076:2111 Intestinibacter bartlettii gen. nov. 2076:2111 Furthermore, the reclassification into novel genera is proposed for C. bartlettii, as Intestinibacter bartlettii gen. nov., comb. 24480908 3 92 theme fatty 663:667 arg1 acid 669:672 the predominant fatty acid 647:672 the predominant fatty acid 647:672 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 3 92 theme fatty 663:667 arg1 C16:0 635:639 C16:0 635:639 C16:0 635:639 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 4 93 theme lipid 685:689 arg1 profile 691:697 The polar lipid profile 675:697 The polar lipid profile 675:697 The polar lipid profile comprised six glycolipids, four phospholipids and one lipid that did not stain with any of the specific spray reagents used. 24480908 9 94 theme Clostridium 1188:1198 arg1 glycolicum 1235:1244 Clostridium glycolicum 1223:1244 Clostridium glycolicum (96.2%) 1223:1252 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain CRIBT was most closely related to a number of species of the genus Clostridium, including Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%), Clostridium glycolicum (96.2%), Clostridium mayombei (96.2%), Clostridium bartlettii (96.0%) and Clostridium irregulare (95.5%). 24480908 9 94 theme Clostridium 1188:1198 arg1 bartlettii 1297:1306 Clostridium bartlettii 1285:1306 Clostridium bartlettii (96.0%) 1285:1314 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain CRIBT was most closely related to a number of species of the genus Clostridium, including Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%), Clostridium glycolicum (96.2%), Clostridium mayombei (96.2%), Clostridium bartlettii (96.0%) and Clostridium irregulare (95.5%). 24480908 9 94 theme Clostridium 1188:1198 arg1 mayombei 1267:1274 Clostridium mayombei 1255:1274 Clostridium mayombei (96.2%) 1255:1282 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain CRIBT was most closely related to a number of species of the genus Clostridium, including Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%), Clostridium glycolicum (96.2%), Clostridium mayombei (96.2%), Clostridium bartlettii (96.0%) and Clostridium irregulare (95.5%). 24480908 9 94 theme Clostridium 1188:1198 arg1 irregulare 1332:1341 Clostridium irregulare 1320:1341 Clostridium irregulare (95.5%) 1320:1349 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain CRIBT was most closely related to a number of species of the genus Clostridium, including Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%), Clostridium glycolicum (96.2%), Clostridium mayombei (96.2%), Clostridium bartlettii (96.0%) and Clostridium irregulare (95.5%). 24480908 9 94 theme Clostridium 1188:1198 arg1 % 1219:1219 97.2% 1215:1219 97.2% 1215:1219 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain CRIBT was most closely related to a number of species of the genus Clostridium, including Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%), Clostridium glycolicum (96.2%), Clostridium mayombei (96.2%), Clostridium bartlettii (96.0%) and Clostridium irregulare (95.5%). 24480908 9 94 theme Clostridium 1188:1198 arg1 lituseburense 1200:1212 Clostridium lituseburense 1188:1212 Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%) 1188:1220 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain CRIBT was most closely related to a number of species of the genus Clostridium, including Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%), Clostridium glycolicum (96.2%), Clostridium mayombei (96.2%), Clostridium bartlettii (96.0%) and Clostridium irregulare (95.5%). 24480908 3 95 theme C12-C19 609:615 arg1 acids 541:545 The major cellular fatty acids 516:545 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT 516:561 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 3 95 theme C12-C19 609:615 arg1 acids 623:627 saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids 568:627 saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids 568:627 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 1 96 theme rat 107:109 arg1 tract 96:100 the gastro-intestinal tract 74:100 the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat 74:109 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 17 97 theme gen. 2103:2106 arg1 reclassification 2007:2022 the reclassification 2003:2022 the reclassification into novel genera 2003:2040 Furthermore, the reclassification into novel genera is proposed for C. bartlettii, as Intestinibacter bartlettii gen. nov., comb. 24480908 17 97 theme gen. 2103:2106 arg1 comb 2114:2117 comb 2114:2117 comb 2114:2117 Furthermore, the reclassification into novel genera is proposed for C. bartlettii, as Intestinibacter bartlettii gen. nov., comb. 24480908 17 97 theme gen. 2103:2106 arg1 nov. 2108:2111 Intestinibacter bartlettii gen. nov. 2076:2111 Intestinibacter bartlettii gen. nov. 2076:2111 Furthermore, the reclassification into novel genera is proposed for C. bartlettii, as Intestinibacter bartlettii gen. nov., comb. 24480908 18 98 theme type 2126:2129 arg1 species 2131:2137 type species 2126:2137 type species of the genus 2126:2150 nov. (type species of the genus), C. glycolicum, as Terrisporobacter glycolicus gen. nov., comb. 24480908 13 99 theme =DSM 1739:1742 arg1 4048T 1756:1760 =DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T 1739:1760 =DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T 1739:1760 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 13 99 theme =DSM 1739:1742 arg1 CRIBT 1732:1736 The novel isolate CRIBT 1714:1736 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) 1714:1761 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 20 100 theme irregularis 2353:2363 arg1 comb 2376:2379 comb 2376:2379 comb 2376:2379 nov., and C. irregulare, as Asaccharospora irregularis gen. nov., comb. 24480908 20 100 theme irregularis 2353:2363 arg1 nov. 2370:2373 Asaccharospora irregularis gen. nov. 2338:2373 Asaccharospora irregularis gen. nov. 2338:2373 nov., and C. irregulare, as Asaccharospora irregularis gen. nov., comb. 24480908 3 101 theme unsaturated 582:592 arg1 acids 541:545 The major cellular fatty acids 516:545 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT 516:561 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 3 101 theme unsaturated 582:592 arg1 acids 623:627 saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids 568:627 saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids 568:627 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 22 102 dep species 2507:2513 arg1 Eubacteriales 2559:2571 the order Eubacteriales 2549:2571 the order Eubacteriales 2549:2571 In addition, an emendation of the species Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and the order Eubacteriales is provided. 24480908 22 102 dep species 2507:2513 arg1 Peptostreptococcus 2515:2532 Peptostreptococcus anaerobius 2515:2543 Peptostreptococcus anaerobius 2515:2543 In addition, an emendation of the species Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and the order Eubacteriales is provided. 24480908 22 102 dep species 2507:2513 arg1 species 2507:2513 the species Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and the order Eubacteriales 2503:2571 the species Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and the order Eubacteriales 2503:2571 In addition, an emendation of the species Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and the order Eubacteriales is provided. 24480908 15 103 theme Romboutsia 1953:1962 arg1 comb 1979:1982 Romboutsia lituseburensis comb 1953:1982 Romboutsia lituseburensis comb 1953:1982 It is proposed that C. lituseburense is transferred to this genus as Romboutsia lituseburensis comb. 24480908 15 103 theme Romboutsia 1953:1962 arg1 lituseburense 1907:1919 C. lituseburense 1904:1919 C. lituseburense 1904:1919 It is proposed that C. lituseburense is transferred to this genus as Romboutsia lituseburensis comb. 24480908 13 104 theme novel 1718:1722 arg1 4048T 1756:1760 =DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T 1739:1760 =DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T 1739:1760 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 13 104 theme novel 1718:1722 arg1 CRIBT 1732:1736 The novel isolate CRIBT 1714:1736 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) 1714:1761 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 13 104 theme novel 1718:1722 arg1 strain 1787:1792 the type strain 1778:1792 the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp 1778:1846 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 8 105 theme strain 1012:1017 arg1 CRIBT 1019:1023 strain CRIBT 1012:1023 strain CRIBT 1012:1023 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CRIBT was 28.1 mol%. 24480908 7 106 theme strain 940:945 arg1 CRIBT 947:951 strain CRIBT 940:951 strain CRIBT 940:951 The peptidoglycan type of strain CRIBT was A1σ lanthionine-direct. 24480908 21 107 theme type 2388:2391 arg1 species 2393:2399 type species 2388:2399 type species of the genus 2388:2412 nov. (type species of the genus), on the basis of additional data collected in this study. 24480908 14 108 theme genus 1877:1881 arg1 nov. 1849:1852 nov. 1849:1852 nov. 1849:1852 nov., of the proposed novel genus. 24480908 19 109 theme type 2223:2226 arg1 species 2228:2234 type species 2223:2234 type species of the genus 2223:2247 nov. (type species of the genus), C. mayombei, as Terrisporobacter mayombei gen. nov., comb. 24480908 8 110 theme mol 1034:1036 arg1 % 1037:1037 28.1 mol% 1029:1037 28.1 mol% 1029:1037 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CRIBT was 28.1 mol%. 24480908 8 110 theme mol 1034:1036 arg1 content 1001:1007 The genomic DNA G+C content 981:1007 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CRIBT 981:1023 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CRIBT was 28.1 mol%. 24480908 14 111 theme proposed 1862:1869 arg1 genus 1877:1881 the proposed novel genus 1858:1881 the proposed novel genus 1858:1881 nov., of the proposed novel genus. 24480908 10 112 theme type 1474:1477 arg1 butyricum 1459:1467 Clostridium butyricum 1447:1467 Clostridium butyricum 1447:1467 All these species show very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium. 24480908 10 112 theme type 1474:1477 arg1 species 1479:1485 the type species 1470:1485 the type species of the genus Clostridium 1470:1510 All these species show very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium. 24480908 0 113 theme ilealis 31:37 arg1 nov. 44:47 Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov. 20:47 Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov. 20:47 Characterization of Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 0 113 theme ilealis 31:37 arg1 sp 50:51 sp 50:51 sp 50:51 Characterization of Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 1 114 theme Intestinibacter 245:259 arg1 nov. 266:269 Intestinibacter gen. nov. 245:269 Intestinibacter gen. nov. 245:269 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 1 114 theme Intestinibacter 245:259 arg1 nov. 239:242 the genera Romboutsia gen. nov. 212:242 the genera Romboutsia gen. nov. 212:242 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 1 115 theme gastro-intestinal 78:94 arg1 tract 96:100 the gastro-intestinal tract 74:100 the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat 74:109 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 18 116 theme glycolicus 2189:2198 arg1 comb 2211:2214 comb 2211:2214 comb 2211:2214 nov. (type species of the genus), C. glycolicum, as Terrisporobacter glycolicus gen. nov., comb. 24480908 18 116 theme glycolicus 2189:2198 arg1 nov. 2205:2208 Terrisporobacter glycolicus gen. nov. 2172:2208 Terrisporobacter glycolicus gen. nov. 2172:2208 nov. (type species of the genus), C. glycolicum, as Terrisporobacter glycolicus gen. nov., comb. 24480908 19 117 dep nov 2217:2219 arg1 comb 2304:2307 comb 2304:2307 comb 2304:2307 nov. (type species of the genus), C. mayombei, as Terrisporobacter mayombei gen. nov., comb. 24480908 19 117 dep nov 2217:2219 arg1 nov. 2298:2301 Terrisporobacter mayombei gen. nov. 2267:2301 Terrisporobacter mayombei gen. nov. 2267:2301 nov. (type species of the genus), C. mayombei, as Terrisporobacter mayombei gen. nov., comb. 24480908 19 117 dep nov 2217:2219 arg1 species 2228:2234 type species 2223:2234 type species of the genus 2223:2247 nov. (type species of the genus), C. mayombei, as Terrisporobacter mayombei gen. nov., comb. 24480908 9 118 theme 16S 1056:1058 arg1 similarity 1079:1088 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1056:1088 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1056:1088 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain CRIBT was most closely related to a number of species of the genus Clostridium, including Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%), Clostridium glycolicum (96.2%), Clostridium mayombei (96.2%), Clostridium bartlettii (96.0%) and Clostridium irregulare (95.5%). 24480908 0 119 theme nov. 44:47 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 0:52 Characterization of Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 9 120 theme gene 1065:1068 arg1 similarity 1079:1088 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1056:1088 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1056:1088 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain CRIBT was most closely related to a number of species of the genus Clostridium, including Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%), Clostridium glycolicum (96.2%), Clostridium mayombei (96.2%), Clostridium bartlettii (96.0%) and Clostridium irregulare (95.5%). 24480908 10 121 theme genus 1494:1498 arg1 Clostridium 1500:1510 the genus Clostridium 1490:1510 the genus Clostridium 1490:1510 All these species show very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium. 24480908 18 122 dep nov 2120:2122 arg1 comb 2211:2214 comb 2211:2214 comb 2211:2214 nov. (type species of the genus), C. glycolicum, as Terrisporobacter glycolicus gen. nov., comb. 24480908 18 122 dep nov 2120:2122 arg1 nov. 2205:2208 Terrisporobacter glycolicus gen. nov. 2172:2208 Terrisporobacter glycolicus gen. nov. 2172:2208 nov. (type species of the genus), C. glycolicum, as Terrisporobacter glycolicus gen. nov., comb. 24480908 18 122 dep nov 2120:2122 arg1 species 2131:2137 type species 2126:2137 type species of the genus 2126:2150 nov. (type species of the genus), C. glycolicum, as Terrisporobacter glycolicus gen. nov., comb. 24480908 1 123 theme Terrisporobacter 272:287 arg1 nov. 239:242 the genera Romboutsia gen. nov. 212:242 the genera Romboutsia gen. nov. 212:242 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 1 123 theme Terrisporobacter 272:287 arg1 nov. 294:297 Terrisporobacter gen. nov. 272:297 Terrisporobacter gen. nov. 272:297 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 10 124 theme 16S 1384:1386 arg1 similarity 1407:1416 very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1375:1416 very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium 1375:1510 All these species show very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium. 24480908 10 124 theme 16S 1384:1386 arg1 % 1422:1422 <85% 1419:1422 <85% 1419:1422 All these species show very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85%) to the type strain of Clostridium butyricum, the type species of the genus Clostridium. 24480908 3 125 theme predominant 651:661 arg1 acid 669:672 the predominant fatty acid 647:672 the predominant fatty acid 647:672 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 3 125 theme predominant 651:661 arg1 C16:0 635:639 C16:0 635:639 C16:0 635:639 The major cellular fatty acids of strain CRIBT were saturated and unsaturated straight-chain C12-C19 fatty acids, with C16:0 being the predominant fatty acid. 24480908 9 126 theme similarity 1079:1088 arg1 basis 1047:1051 the basis 1043:1051 the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1043:1088 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain CRIBT was most closely related to a number of species of the genus Clostridium, including Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%), Clostridium glycolicum (96.2%), Clostridium mayombei (96.2%), Clostridium bartlettii (96.0%) and Clostridium irregulare (95.5%). 24480908 12 127 theme gen. 1690:1693 arg1 genus 1672:1676 a novel genus 1664:1676 a novel genus 1664:1676 On the basis of phenotypic and genetic studies, a novel genus, Romboutsia gen. nov., is proposed. 24480908 12 127 theme gen. 1690:1693 arg1 nov. 1695:1698 Romboutsia gen. nov. 1679:1698 Romboutsia gen. nov. 1679:1698 On the basis of phenotypic and genetic studies, a novel genus, Romboutsia gen. nov., is proposed. 24480908 11 128 theme reference 1556:1564 arg1 strains 1566:1572 closely related reference strains 1540:1572 closely related reference strains 1540:1572 DNA-DNA hybridization with closely related reference strains indicated reassociation values below 32%. 24480908 9 129 theme strain 1091:1096 arg1 CRIBT 1098:1102 strain CRIBT 1091:1102 strain CRIBT 1091:1102 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain CRIBT was most closely related to a number of species of the genus Clostridium, including Clostridium lituseburense (97.2%), Clostridium glycolicum (96.2%), Clostridium mayombei (96.2%), Clostridium bartlettii (96.0%) and Clostridium irregulare (95.5%). 24480908 1 130 theme Clostridium 195:205 arg1 members 174:180 five closely related members 153:180 five closely related members of the genus Clostridium 153:205 nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. 24480908 13 131 theme type 1801:1804 arg1 nov. 1839:1842 Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov. 1815:1842 Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov. 1815:1842 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 13 131 theme type 1801:1804 arg1 species 1806:1812 the type species 1797:1812 the type species 1797:1812 The novel isolate CRIBT (=DSM 25109T=NIZO 4048T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species, Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. 24480908 2 132 theme Gram-positive 330:342 arg1 bacterium 413:421 rod-shaped, non-motile, spore-forming obligately anaerobic bacterium 354:421 rod-shaped, non-motile, spore-forming obligately anaerobic bacterium 354:421 A Gram-positive staining, rod-shaped, non-motile, spore-forming obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated CRIBT, was isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat and characterized. 24480908 2 132 theme Gram-positive 330:342 arg1 staining 344:351 A Gram-positive staining 328:351 A Gram-positive staining 328:351 A Gram-positive staining, rod-shaped, non-motile, spore-forming obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated CRIBT, was isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat and characterized. 26200652 4 0 theme multicenter 594:604 arg1 study 619:623 this large multicenter case-control study 583:623 this large multicenter case-control study 583:623 We undertook this large multicenter case-control study to determine whether SLE is associated with altered IgG glycosylation. 26200652 7 1 theme cell-mediated 1486:1498 arg1 cytotoxicity 1500:1511 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 1467:1511 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 1467:1511 The most significant changes included decreased galactosylation and sialylation of IgG (which regulate proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG) as well as decreased core fucose and increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (which affect antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity). 26200652 3 2 theme glycosylation 548:560 arg1 role 527:530 a potentially causative role 503:530 a potentially causative role of aberrant IgG glycosylation in SLE 503:567 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci that affect IgG glycome composition show pleiotropy with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), indicating a potentially causative role of aberrant IgG glycosylation in SLE. 26200652 5 3 theme origin 898:903 arg1 controls 863:870 247 matched controls 851:870 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) 851:926 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 5 3 theme origin 898:903 arg1 cohort 920:925 the discovery cohort 906:925 the discovery cohort 906:925 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 9 4 theme IgG 1772:1774 arg1 changes 1799:1805 changes 1799:1805 changes in IgG glycosylation 1799:1826 The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE. 26200652 9 4 theme IgG 1772:1774 arg1 composition 1784:1794 aberrant IgG glycome composition 1763:1794 aberrant IgG glycome composition 1763:1794 The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE. 26200652 9 4 theme IgG 1772:1774 arg1 mechanism 1858:1866 an important molecular mechanism 1835:1866 an important molecular mechanism in SLE 1835:1873 The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE. 26200652 1 5 theme IgG 187:189 arg1 functions 200:208 IgG effector functions 187:208 IgG effector functions 187:208 OBJECTIVE Glycans attached to the Fc portion of IgG are important modulators of IgG effector functions. 26200652 5 6 from Trinidad 1032:1039 arg1 controls 1018:1025 193 controls 1014:1025 193 controls from Trinidad 1014:1039 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 5 6 from Trinidad 1032:1039 arg1 patients 1054:1061 106 SLE patients 1046:1061 106 SLE patients 1046:1061 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 5 6 from Trinidad 1032:1039 arg1 controls 1071:1078 105 controls 1067:1078 105 controls 1067:1078 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 5 6 from Trinidad 1032:1039 arg1 patients 1001:1008 108 SLE patients 993:1008 108 SLE patients 993:1008 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 1 7 theme functions 200:208 arg1 modulators 173:182 important modulators 163:182 important modulators of IgG effector functions 163:208 OBJECTIVE Glycans attached to the Fc portion of IgG are important modulators of IgG effector functions. 26200652 1 7 theme functions 200:208 arg1 Glycans 117:123 OBJECTIVE Glycans 107:123 OBJECTIVE Glycans attached to the Fc portion of IgG 107:157 OBJECTIVE Glycans attached to the Fc portion of IgG are important modulators of IgG effector functions. 26200652 7 8 theme bisecting 1423:1431 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 1433:1451 increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine 1413:1451 increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine 1413:1451 The most significant changes included decreased galactosylation and sialylation of IgG (which regulate proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG) as well as decreased core fucose and increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (which affect antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity). 26200652 4 9 theme altered 669:675 arg1 glycosylation 681:693 altered IgG glycosylation 669:693 altered IgG glycosylation 669:693 We undertook this large multicenter case-control study to determine whether SLE is associated with altered IgG glycosylation. 26200652 5 10 theme glycans 771:777 arg1 analysis 750:757 ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis 710:757 ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans 710:777 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 2 11 theme IgG 242:244 arg1 composition 254:264 IgG glycome composition 242:264 IgG glycome composition 242:264 Interindividual differences in IgG glycome composition are large and they associate strongly with different inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. 26200652 5 12 theme American 881:888 arg1 origin 898:903 Latin American Mestizo origin 875:903 Latin American Mestizo origin 875:903 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 9 13 theme IgG 1810:1812 arg1 glycosylation 1814:1826 IgG glycosylation 1810:1826 IgG glycosylation 1810:1826 The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE. 26200652 8 14 theme IgG 1530:1532 arg1 glycome 1534:1540 The IgG glycome 1526:1540 The IgG glycome in SLE patients 1526:1556 CONCLUSION The IgG glycome in SLE patients is significantly altered in a way that decreases immunosuppressive action of circulating immunoglobulins. 26200652 5 15 theme ultra-performance 710:726 arg1 chromatography 735:748 ultra-performance liquid chromatography 710:748 ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans 710:777 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 5 16 theme SLE 1050:1052 arg1 patients 1054:1061 106 SLE patients 1046:1061 106 SLE patients 1046:1061 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 7 17 theme core 1397:1400 arg1 fucose 1402:1407 decreased core fucose 1387:1407 decreased core fucose 1387:1407 The most significant changes included decreased galactosylation and sialylation of IgG (which regulate proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG) as well as decreased core fucose and increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (which affect antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity). 26200652 5 18 theme different 972:980 arg1 ethnicity 982:990 different ethnicity 972:990 different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China) 972:1090 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 5 19 theme chromatography 735:748 arg1 analysis 750:757 ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis 710:757 ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans 710:777 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 5 20 theme replication 949:959 arg1 cohorts 961:967 2 independent replication cohorts 935:967 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China) 935:1090 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 3 21 theme IKZF1 357:361 arg1 loci 394:397 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci 357:397 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci that affect IgG glycome composition 357:433 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci that affect IgG glycome composition show pleiotropy with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), indicating a potentially causative role of aberrant IgG glycosylation in SLE. 26200652 5 22 theme matched 855:861 arg1 controls 863:870 247 matched controls 851:870 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) 851:926 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 5 22 theme matched 855:861 arg1 cohort 920:925 the discovery cohort 906:925 the discovery cohort 906:925 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 9 23 theme molecular 1848:1856 arg1 changes 1799:1805 changes 1799:1805 changes in IgG glycosylation 1799:1826 The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE. 26200652 9 23 theme molecular 1848:1856 arg1 composition 1784:1794 aberrant IgG glycome composition 1763:1794 aberrant IgG glycome composition 1763:1794 The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE. 26200652 9 23 theme molecular 1848:1856 arg1 mechanism 1858:1866 an important molecular mechanism 1835:1866 an important molecular mechanism in SLE 1835:1873 The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE. 26200652 5 24 theme IgG 815:817 arg1 glycome 819:825 the IgG glycome 811:825 the IgG glycome 811:825 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 0 25 theme glycome 98:104 arg1 potential 77:85 decreased immunosuppressive potential 49:85 decreased immunosuppressive potential of the IgG glycome 49:104 Association of systemic lupus erythematosus with decreased immunosuppressive potential of the IgG glycome. 26200652 1 26 theme Fc 141:142 arg1 portion 144:150 the Fc portion 137:150 the Fc portion of IgG 137:157 OBJECTIVE Glycans attached to the Fc portion of IgG are important modulators of IgG effector functions. 26200652 3 27 theme HLA-DQ2A/B 364:373 arg1 loci 394:397 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci 357:397 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci that affect IgG glycome composition 357:433 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci that affect IgG glycome composition show pleiotropy with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), indicating a potentially causative role of aberrant IgG glycosylation in SLE. 26200652 3 28 theme systemic 456:463 arg1 SLE 486:488 SLE 486:488 SLE 486:488 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci that affect IgG glycome composition show pleiotropy with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), indicating a potentially causative role of aberrant IgG glycosylation in SLE. 26200652 3 28 theme systemic 456:463 arg1 erythematosus 471:483 systemic lupus erythematosus 456:483 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 456:489 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci that affect IgG glycome composition show pleiotropy with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), indicating a potentially causative role of aberrant IgG glycosylation in SLE. 26200652 8 29 from glycome 1534:1540 arg1 patients 1549:1556 SLE patients 1545:1556 SLE patients 1545:1556 CONCLUSION The IgG glycome in SLE patients is significantly altered in a way that decreases immunosuppressive action of circulating immunoglobulins. 26200652 3 30 theme genetic 386:392 arg1 loci 394:397 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci 357:397 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci that affect IgG glycome composition 357:433 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci that affect IgG glycome composition show pleiotropy with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), indicating a potentially causative role of aberrant IgG glycosylation in SLE. 26200652 0 31 theme systemic 15:22 arg1 erythematosus 30:42 systemic lupus erythematosus 15:42 systemic lupus erythematosus 15:42 Association of systemic lupus erythematosus with decreased immunosuppressive potential of the IgG glycome. 26200652 5 32 theme ethnicity 982:990 arg1 cohorts 961:967 2 independent replication cohorts 935:967 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China) 935:1090 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 8 33 theme circulating 1635:1645 arg1 immunoglobulins 1647:1661 circulating immunoglobulins 1635:1661 circulating immunoglobulins 1635:1661 CONCLUSION The IgG glycome in SLE patients is significantly altered in a way that decreases immunosuppressive action of circulating immunoglobulins. 26200652 5 34 theme Mestizo 890:896 arg1 origin 898:903 Latin American Mestizo origin 875:903 Latin American Mestizo origin 875:903 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 0 35 theme erythematosus 30:42 arg1 Association 0:10 Association 0:10 Association of systemic lupus erythematosus with decreased immunosuppressive potential of the IgG glycome 0:104 Association of systemic lupus erythematosus with decreased immunosuppressive potential of the IgG glycome. 26200652 9 36 theme changes 1690:1696 arg1 magnitude 1668:1676 The magnitude 1664:1676 The magnitude of observed changes 1664:1696 The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE. 26200652 7 37 theme antiinflammatory 1343:1358 arg1 actions 1360:1366 proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions 1323:1366 proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG 1323:1373 The most significant changes included decreased galactosylation and sialylation of IgG (which regulate proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG) as well as decreased core fucose and increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (which affect antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity). 26200652 3 38 theme IgG 411:413 arg1 composition 423:433 IgG glycome composition 411:433 IgG glycome composition 411:433 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci that affect IgG glycome composition show pleiotropy with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), indicating a potentially causative role of aberrant IgG glycosylation in SLE. 26200652 5 39 theme SLE 834:836 arg1 patients 838:845 261 SLE patients 830:845 261 SLE patients 830:845 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 7 40 theme proinflammatory 1323:1337 arg1 actions 1360:1366 proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions 1323:1366 proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG 1323:1373 The most significant changes included decreased galactosylation and sialylation of IgG (which regulate proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG) as well as decreased core fucose and increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (which affect antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity). 26200652 0 41 with Association 0:10 arg1 potential 77:85 decreased immunosuppressive potential 49:85 decreased immunosuppressive potential of the IgG glycome 49:104 Association of systemic lupus erythematosus with decreased immunosuppressive potential of the IgG glycome. 26200652 6 42 theme significant 1124:1134 arg1 differences 1136:1146 statistically significant differences 1110:1146 statistically significant differences in IgG glycome composition 1110:1173 RESULTS Multiple statistically significant differences in IgG glycome composition were observed between patients and controls. 26200652 7 43 theme IgG 1303:1305 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 1433:1451 increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine 1413:1451 increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine 1413:1451 The most significant changes included decreased galactosylation and sialylation of IgG (which regulate proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG) as well as decreased core fucose and increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (which affect antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity). 26200652 7 43 theme IgG 1303:1305 arg1 fucose 1402:1407 decreased core fucose 1387:1407 decreased core fucose 1387:1407 The most significant changes included decreased galactosylation and sialylation of IgG (which regulate proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG) as well as decreased core fucose and increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (which affect antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity). 26200652 7 43 theme IgG 1303:1305 arg1 sialylation 1288:1298 sialylation 1288:1298 sialylation 1288:1298 The most significant changes included decreased galactosylation and sialylation of IgG (which regulate proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG) as well as decreased core fucose and increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (which affect antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity). 26200652 7 43 theme IgG 1303:1305 arg1 galactosylation 1268:1282 decreased galactosylation 1258:1282 decreased galactosylation 1258:1282 The most significant changes included decreased galactosylation and sialylation of IgG (which regulate proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG) as well as decreased core fucose and increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (which affect antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity). 26200652 1 44 attach attached 125:132 arg2 Glycans 117:123 OBJECTIVE Glycans 107:123 OBJECTIVE Glycans attached to the Fc portion of IgG 107:157 OBJECTIVE Glycans attached to the Fc portion of IgG are important modulators of IgG effector functions. 26200652 1 44 attach attached 125:132 arg2 modulators 173:182 important modulators 163:182 important modulators of IgG effector functions 163:208 OBJECTIVE Glycans attached to the Fc portion of IgG are important modulators of IgG effector functions. 26200652 1 44 attach attached 125:132 arg1 portion 144:150 the Fc portion 137:150 the Fc portion of IgG 137:157 OBJECTIVE Glycans attached to the Fc portion of IgG are important modulators of IgG effector functions. 26200652 3 45 theme causative 517:525 arg1 role 527:530 a potentially causative role 503:530 a potentially causative role of aberrant IgG glycosylation in SLE 503:567 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci that affect IgG glycome composition show pleiotropy with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), indicating a potentially causative role of aberrant IgG glycosylation in SLE. 26200652 9 46 theme disease 1738:1744 arg1 intensity 1721:1729 the intensity 1717:1729 the intensity of the disease 1717:1744 The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE. 26200652 4 47 theme large 588:592 arg1 study 619:623 this large multicenter case-control study 583:623 this large multicenter case-control study 583:623 We undertook this large multicenter case-control study to determine whether SLE is associated with altered IgG glycosylation. 26200652 3 48 from role 527:530 arg1 SLE 565:567 SLE 565:567 SLE 565:567 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci that affect IgG glycome composition show pleiotropy with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), indicating a potentially causative role of aberrant IgG glycosylation in SLE. 26200652 4 49 theme case-control 606:617 arg1 study 619:623 this large multicenter case-control study 583:623 this large multicenter case-control study 583:623 We undertook this large multicenter case-control study to determine whether SLE is associated with altered IgG glycosylation. 26200652 3 50 theme IgG 544:546 arg1 glycosylation 548:560 aberrant IgG glycosylation 535:560 aberrant IgG glycosylation 535:560 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci that affect IgG glycome composition show pleiotropy with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), indicating a potentially causative role of aberrant IgG glycosylation in SLE. 26200652 1 51 theme important 163:171 arg1 modulators 173:182 important modulators 163:182 important modulators of IgG effector functions 163:208 OBJECTIVE Glycans attached to the Fc portion of IgG are important modulators of IgG effector functions. 26200652 1 51 theme important 163:171 arg1 Glycans 117:123 OBJECTIVE Glycans 107:123 OBJECTIVE Glycans attached to the Fc portion of IgG 107:157 OBJECTIVE Glycans attached to the Fc portion of IgG are important modulators of IgG effector functions. 26200652 0 52 theme decreased 49:57 arg1 potential 77:85 decreased immunosuppressive potential 49:85 decreased immunosuppressive potential of the IgG glycome 49:104 Association of systemic lupus erythematosus with decreased immunosuppressive potential of the IgG glycome. 26200652 9 53 theme aberrant 1763:1770 arg1 changes 1799:1805 changes 1799:1805 changes in IgG glycosylation 1799:1826 The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE. 26200652 9 53 theme aberrant 1763:1770 arg1 composition 1784:1794 aberrant IgG glycome composition 1763:1794 aberrant IgG glycome composition 1763:1794 The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE. 26200652 9 53 theme aberrant 1763:1770 arg1 mechanism 1858:1866 an important molecular mechanism 1835:1866 an important molecular mechanism in SLE 1835:1873 The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE. 26200652 4 54 theme IgG 677:679 arg1 glycosylation 681:693 altered IgG glycosylation 669:693 altered IgG glycosylation 669:693 We undertook this large multicenter case-control study to determine whether SLE is associated with altered IgG glycosylation. 26200652 2 55 theme autoimmune 336:345 arg1 diseases 347:354 autoimmune diseases 336:354 autoimmune diseases 336:354 Interindividual differences in IgG glycome composition are large and they associate strongly with different inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. 26200652 9 56 theme glycome 1776:1782 arg1 changes 1799:1805 changes 1799:1805 changes in IgG glycosylation 1799:1826 The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE. 26200652 9 56 theme glycome 1776:1782 arg1 composition 1784:1794 aberrant IgG glycome composition 1763:1794 aberrant IgG glycome composition 1763:1794 The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE. 26200652 9 56 theme glycome 1776:1782 arg1 mechanism 1858:1866 an important molecular mechanism 1835:1866 an important molecular mechanism in SLE 1835:1873 The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE. 26200652 7 57 theme antibody-dependent 1467:1484 arg1 cytotoxicity 1500:1511 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 1467:1511 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 1467:1511 The most significant changes included decreased galactosylation and sialylation of IgG (which regulate proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG) as well as decreased core fucose and increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (which affect antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity). 26200652 1 58 theme effector 191:198 arg1 functions 200:208 IgG effector functions 187:208 IgG effector functions 187:208 OBJECTIVE Glycans attached to the Fc portion of IgG are important modulators of IgG effector functions. 26200652 6 59 theme glycome 1155:1161 arg1 composition 1163:1173 IgG glycome composition 1151:1173 IgG glycome composition 1151:1173 RESULTS Multiple statistically significant differences in IgG glycome composition were observed between patients and controls. 26200652 5 60 theme released 762:769 arg1 glycans 771:777 released glycans 762:777 released glycans 762:777 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 2 61 theme glycome 246:252 arg1 composition 254:264 IgG glycome composition 242:264 IgG glycome composition 242:264 Interindividual differences in IgG glycome composition are large and they associate strongly with different inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. 26200652 5 62 theme Latin 875:879 arg1 origin 898:903 Latin American Mestizo origin 875:903 Latin American Mestizo origin 875:903 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 7 63 theme most 1224:1227 arg1 changes 1241:1247 The most significant changes 1220:1247 The most significant changes 1220:1247 The most significant changes included decreased galactosylation and sialylation of IgG (which regulate proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG) as well as decreased core fucose and increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (which affect antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity). 26200652 8 64 theme SLE 1545:1547 arg1 patients 1549:1556 SLE patients 1545:1556 SLE patients 1545:1556 CONCLUSION The IgG glycome in SLE patients is significantly altered in a way that decreases immunosuppressive action of circulating immunoglobulins. 26200652 7 65 theme increased 1413:1421 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 1433:1451 increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine 1413:1451 increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine 1413:1451 The most significant changes included decreased galactosylation and sialylation of IgG (which regulate proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG) as well as decreased core fucose and increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (which affect antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity). 26200652 5 66 theme liquid 728:733 arg1 chromatography 735:748 ultra-performance liquid chromatography 710:748 ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans 710:777 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 5 67 theme independent 937:947 arg1 cohorts 961:967 2 independent replication cohorts 935:967 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China) 935:1090 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 7 68 theme decreased 1258:1266 arg1 galactosylation 1268:1282 decreased galactosylation 1258:1282 decreased galactosylation 1258:1282 The most significant changes included decreased galactosylation and sialylation of IgG (which regulate proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG) as well as decreased core fucose and increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (which affect antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity). 26200652 5 69 theme discovery 910:918 arg1 controls 863:870 247 matched controls 851:870 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) 851:926 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 5 69 theme discovery 910:918 arg1 cohort 920:925 the discovery cohort 906:925 the discovery cohort 906:925 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 9 70 theme important 1838:1846 arg1 changes 1799:1805 changes 1799:1805 changes in IgG glycosylation 1799:1826 The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE. 26200652 9 70 theme important 1838:1846 arg1 composition 1784:1794 aberrant IgG glycome composition 1763:1794 aberrant IgG glycome composition 1763:1794 The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE. 26200652 9 70 theme important 1838:1846 arg1 mechanism 1858:1866 an important molecular mechanism 1835:1866 an important molecular mechanism in SLE 1835:1873 The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE. 26200652 7 71 theme decreased 1387:1395 arg1 fucose 1402:1407 decreased core fucose 1387:1407 decreased core fucose 1387:1407 The most significant changes included decreased galactosylation and sialylation of IgG (which regulate proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG) as well as decreased core fucose and increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (which affect antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity). 26200652 5 72 dep ethnicity 982:990 arg1 controls 1018:1025 193 controls 1014:1025 193 controls from Trinidad 1014:1039 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 5 72 dep ethnicity 982:990 arg1 patients 1001:1008 108 SLE patients 993:1008 108 SLE patients 993:1008 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 7 73 theme significant 1229:1239 arg1 changes 1241:1247 The most significant changes 1220:1247 The most significant changes 1220:1247 The most significant changes included decreased galactosylation and sialylation of IgG (which regulate proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG) as well as decreased core fucose and increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (which affect antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity). 26200652 0 74 theme IgG 94:96 arg1 glycome 98:104 the IgG glycome 90:104 the IgG glycome 90:104 Association of systemic lupus erythematosus with decreased immunosuppressive potential of the IgG glycome. 26200652 1 75 theme IgG 155:157 arg1 portion 144:150 the Fc portion 137:150 the Fc portion of IgG 137:157 OBJECTIVE Glycans attached to the Fc portion of IgG are important modulators of IgG effector functions. 26200652 9 76 from changes 1799:1805 arg1 glycosylation 1814:1826 IgG glycosylation 1810:1826 IgG glycosylation 1810:1826 The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE. 26200652 5 77 from China 1085:1089 arg1 controls 1018:1025 193 controls 1014:1025 193 controls from Trinidad 1014:1039 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 5 77 from China 1085:1089 arg1 patients 1054:1061 106 SLE patients 1046:1061 106 SLE patients 1046:1061 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 5 77 from China 1085:1089 arg1 controls 1071:1078 105 controls 1067:1078 105 controls 1067:1078 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 5 77 from China 1085:1089 arg1 patients 1001:1008 108 SLE patients 993:1008 108 SLE patients 993:1008 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 9 78 from composition 1784:1794 arg1 glycosylation 1814:1826 IgG glycosylation 1810:1826 IgG glycosylation 1810:1826 The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE. 26200652 3 79 theme BACH2 380:384 arg1 loci 394:397 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci 357:397 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci that affect IgG glycome composition 357:433 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci that affect IgG glycome composition show pleiotropy with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), indicating a potentially causative role of aberrant IgG glycosylation in SLE. 26200652 5 80 theme SLE 997:999 arg1 patients 1001:1008 108 SLE patients 993:1008 108 SLE patients 993:1008 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 2 81 from differences 227:237 arg1 composition 254:264 IgG glycome composition 242:264 IgG glycome composition 242:264 Interindividual differences in IgG glycome composition are large and they associate strongly with different inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. 26200652 8 82 theme immunosuppressive 1607:1623 arg1 action 1625:1630 immunosuppressive action 1607:1630 immunosuppressive action of circulating immunoglobulins 1607:1661 CONCLUSION The IgG glycome in SLE patients is significantly altered in a way that decreases immunosuppressive action of circulating immunoglobulins. 26200652 3 83 theme lupus 465:469 arg1 SLE 486:488 SLE 486:488 SLE 486:488 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci that affect IgG glycome composition show pleiotropy with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), indicating a potentially causative role of aberrant IgG glycosylation in SLE. 26200652 3 83 theme lupus 465:469 arg1 erythematosus 471:483 systemic lupus erythematosus 456:483 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 456:489 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci that affect IgG glycome composition show pleiotropy with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), indicating a potentially causative role of aberrant IgG glycosylation in SLE. 26200652 7 84 theme IgG 1371:1373 arg1 actions 1360:1366 proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions 1323:1366 proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG 1323:1373 The most significant changes included decreased galactosylation and sialylation of IgG (which regulate proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG) as well as decreased core fucose and increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (which affect antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity). 26200652 0 85 theme lupus 24:28 arg1 erythematosus 30:42 systemic lupus erythematosus 15:42 systemic lupus erythematosus 15:42 Association of systemic lupus erythematosus with decreased immunosuppressive potential of the IgG glycome. 26200652 1 86 theme OBJECTIVE 107:115 arg1 modulators 173:182 important modulators 163:182 important modulators of IgG effector functions 163:208 OBJECTIVE Glycans attached to the Fc portion of IgG are important modulators of IgG effector functions. 26200652 1 86 theme OBJECTIVE 107:115 arg1 Glycans 117:123 OBJECTIVE Glycans 107:123 OBJECTIVE Glycans attached to the Fc portion of IgG 107:157 OBJECTIVE Glycans attached to the Fc portion of IgG are important modulators of IgG effector functions. 26200652 8 87 theme immunoglobulins 1647:1661 arg1 action 1625:1630 immunosuppressive action 1607:1630 immunosuppressive action of circulating immunoglobulins 1607:1661 CONCLUSION The IgG glycome in SLE patients is significantly altered in a way that decreases immunosuppressive action of circulating immunoglobulins. 26200652 5 88 theme glycome 819:825 arg1 composition 796:806 the composition 792:806 the composition of the IgG glycome 792:825 METHODS Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). 26200652 7 89 gly sialylation 1288:1298 arg1 IgG 1303:1305 IgG 1303:1305 IgG (which regulate proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG) 1303:1374 The most significant changes included decreased galactosylation and sialylation of IgG (which regulate proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG) as well as decreased core fucose and increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (which affect antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity). 26200652 9 90 theme observed 1681:1688 arg1 changes 1690:1696 observed changes 1681:1696 observed changes 1681:1696 The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE. 26200652 6 91 from differences 1136:1146 arg1 composition 1163:1173 IgG glycome composition 1151:1173 IgG glycome composition 1151:1173 RESULTS Multiple statistically significant differences in IgG glycome composition were observed between patients and controls. 26200652 0 92 theme immunosuppressive 59:75 arg1 potential 77:85 decreased immunosuppressive potential 49:85 decreased immunosuppressive potential of the IgG glycome 49:104 Association of systemic lupus erythematosus with decreased immunosuppressive potential of the IgG glycome. 26200652 6 93 theme IgG 1151:1153 arg1 composition 1163:1173 IgG glycome composition 1151:1173 IgG glycome composition 1151:1173 RESULTS Multiple statistically significant differences in IgG glycome composition were observed between patients and controls. 26200652 3 94 theme glycome 415:421 arg1 composition 423:433 IgG glycome composition 411:433 IgG glycome composition 411:433 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci that affect IgG glycome composition show pleiotropy with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), indicating a potentially causative role of aberrant IgG glycosylation in SLE. 26200652 2 95 theme Interindividual 211:225 arg1 differences 227:237 Interindividual differences 211:237 Interindividual differences in IgG glycome composition 211:264 Interindividual differences in IgG glycome composition are large and they associate strongly with different inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. 26200652 8 96 dep CONCLUSION 1515:1524 arg1 altered 1575:1581 altered 1575:1581 is significantly altered in a way that decreases immunosuppressive action of circulating immunoglobulins 1558:1661 CONCLUSION The IgG glycome in SLE patients is significantly altered in a way that decreases immunosuppressive action of circulating immunoglobulins. 26200652 9 97 from mechanism 1858:1866 arg1 SLE 1871:1873 SLE 1871:1873 SLE 1871:1873 The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE. 26200652 3 98 theme aberrant 535:542 arg1 glycosylation 548:560 aberrant IgG glycosylation 535:560 aberrant IgG glycosylation 535:560 IKZF1, HLA-DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci that affect IgG glycome composition show pleiotropy with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), indicating a potentially causative role of aberrant IgG glycosylation in SLE. 25743337 9 0 theme feed 1420:1423 arg1 consumption 1425:1435 feed consumption 1420:1435 feed consumption 1420:1435 Catfish-fed FLAX or PREB had higher weight gain, feed consumption and lysozyme activity than fish fed SBO. 25743337 10 1 theme fatty 1488:1492 arg1 acids 1494:1498 Total n-3 fatty acids 1478:1498 Total n-3 fatty acids in muscle 1478:1508 Total n-3 fatty acids in muscle were higher in fish fed SBO or FLAX than those fed PREB. 25743337 2 2 theme Growing 266:272 arg1 seasons 274:280 Growing seasons 266:280 Growing seasons 266:280 Growing seasons are separated by a cool period of about 3 months when feed intake and growth are greatly reduced. 25743337 1 3 theme market 253:258 arg1 size 260:263 market size 253:263 market size 253:263 Channel catfish raised in the southern United States require two growing seasons to reach market size. 25743337 5 4 dep fish 883:886 arg1 each 888:891 each 888:891 each 888:891 The trial was conducted in recirculating systems with 1140-l tanks containing 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.). 25743337 1 5 theme Channel 163:169 arg1 catfish 171:177 Channel catfish 163:177 Channel catfish raised in the southern United States 163:214 Channel catfish raised in the southern United States require two growing seasons to reach market size. 25743337 12 6 theme SBO 1697:1699 arg1 diets 1701:1705 the PREB and SBO diets 1684:1705 diets 1701:1705 Fatty acids in the PREB and SBO diets were similar, so the PREB appeared to increase elongation and desaturation of n-6 fatty acids in muscle. 25743337 5 7 contain containing 868:877 arg1 tanks 862:866 1140-l tanks 855:866 1140-l tanks containing 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.) 855:932 The trial was conducted in recirculating systems with 1140-l tanks containing 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.). 25743337 5 7 contain containing 868:877 arg2 fish 883:886 100 fish 879:886 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.) 879:932 The trial was conducted in recirculating systems with 1140-l tanks containing 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.). 25743337 5 7 contain containing 868:877 arg2 s.e.m. 926:931 mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m. 894:931 mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m. 894:931 The trial was conducted in recirculating systems with 1140-l tanks containing 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.). 25743337 6 8 dep SBO 1025:1027 arg1 control 1030:1036 control 1030:1036 control 1030:1036 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 3 9 theme market 525:530 arg1 size 532:535 market size 525:535 market size 525:535 A cool-weather feeding strategy to improve feed intake, growth or health of catfish might improve survival and reduce the time needed to achieve market size. 25743337 3 10 theme feeding 395:401 arg1 strategy 403:410 A cool-weather feeding strategy 380:410 A cool-weather feeding strategy to improve feed intake, growth or health of catfish 380:462 A cool-weather feeding strategy to improve feed intake, growth or health of catfish might improve survival and reduce the time needed to achieve market size. 25743337 6 11 theme g/kg 1135:1138 arg1 oil 1148:1150 20 g/kg soybean oil 1132:1150 20 g/kg soybean oil 1132:1150 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 13 12 theme dairy/yeast 1833:1843 arg1 prebiotic 1845:1853 the dairy/yeast prebiotic 1829:1853 the dairy/yeast prebiotic 1829:1853 Flaxseed oil and the dairy/yeast prebiotic both have potential to increase catfish performance at a low temperature. 25743337 4 13 with trial 561:565 arg1 catfish 580:586 channel catfish 572:586 channel catfish 572:586 We conducted a feeding trial with channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C) to determine the effects of supplementing diets with either a dairy/yeast prebiotic or flaxseed oil (high in 18:3n-3) compared with a control with soybean oil (high in 18:2n-6). 25743337 1 14 theme United 202:207 arg1 States 209:214 the southern United States 189:214 the southern United States 189:214 Channel catfish raised in the southern United States require two growing seasons to reach market size. 25743337 12 15 theme PREB 1688:1691 arg1 diets 1701:1705 the PREB and SBO diets 1684:1705 diets 1701:1705 Fatty acids in the PREB and SBO diets were similar, so the PREB appeared to increase elongation and desaturation of n-6 fatty acids in muscle. 25743337 6 16 theme g/kg 1065:1068 arg1 PREB 1153:1156 PREB 1153:1156 PREB 1153:1156 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 6 16 theme g/kg 1065:1068 arg1 FLAX 1084:1087 FLAX 1084:1087 FLAX 1084:1087 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 6 16 theme g/kg 1065:1068 arg1 oil 1079:1081 flaxseed oil 1070:1081 flaxseed oil (FLAX) 1070:1088 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 12 17 theme fatty 1789:1793 arg1 acids 1795:1799 n-6 fatty acids 1785:1799 n-6 fatty acids in muscle 1785:1809 Fatty acids in the PREB and SBO diets were similar, so the PREB appeared to increase elongation and desaturation of n-6 fatty acids in muscle. 25743337 6 18 theme dairy/yeast 1106:1116 arg1 prebiotic 1118:1126 a dairy/yeast prebiotic 1104:1126 a dairy/yeast prebiotic 1104:1126 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 13 19 theme Flaxseed 1812:1819 arg1 oil 1821:1823 Flaxseed oil 1812:1823 Flaxseed oil 1812:1823 Flaxseed oil and the dairy/yeast prebiotic both have potential to increase catfish performance at a low temperature. 25743337 5 20 theme recirculating 828:840 arg1 systems 842:848 recirculating systems 828:848 recirculating systems with 1140-l tanks containing 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.) 828:932 The trial was conducted in recirculating systems with 1140-l tanks containing 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.). 25743337 8 21 theme immune 1266:1271 arg1 composition 1309:1319 fatty acid composition 1298:1319 fatty acid composition 1298:1319 Hematology, non-specific immune responses, proximate and fatty acid composition of muscle were determined to assess diet effects. 25743337 8 21 theme immune 1266:1271 arg1 proximate 1284:1292 proximate 1284:1292 proximate 1284:1292 Hematology, non-specific immune responses, proximate and fatty acid composition of muscle were determined to assess diet effects. 25743337 8 21 theme immune 1266:1271 arg1 responses 1273:1281 Hematology, non-specific immune responses 1241:1281 responses 1273:1281 Hematology, non-specific immune responses, proximate and fatty acid composition of muscle were determined to assess diet effects. 25743337 6 22 theme g/kg 1043:1046 arg1 cellulose 1048:1056 20 g/kg cellulose 1040:1056 20 g/kg cellulose 1040:1056 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 6 22 theme g/kg 1043:1046 arg1 cellulose 990:998 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil 982:1022 cellulose 990:998 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 2 23 theme months 324:329 arg1 period 306:311 a cool period 299:311 a cool period of about 3 months 299:329 Growing seasons are separated by a cool period of about 3 months when feed intake and growth are greatly reduced. 25743337 0 24 theme hematological 65:77 arg1 parameters 97:106 hematological and immunological parameters 65:106 hematological and immunological parameters in channel catfish 65:125 A dietary dairy/yeast prebiotic and flaxseed oil enhance growth, hematological and immunological parameters in channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C). 25743337 0 24 theme hematological 65:77 arg1 growth 57:62 growth 57:62 growth 57:62 A dietary dairy/yeast prebiotic and flaxseed oil enhance growth, hematological and immunological parameters in channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C). 25743337 0 25 theme immunological 83:95 arg1 parameters 97:106 hematological and immunological parameters 65:106 hematological and immunological parameters in channel catfish 65:125 A dietary dairy/yeast prebiotic and flaxseed oil enhance growth, hematological and immunological parameters in channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C). 25743337 0 25 theme immunological 83:95 arg1 growth 57:62 growth 57:62 growth 57:62 A dietary dairy/yeast prebiotic and flaxseed oil enhance growth, hematological and immunological parameters in channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C). 25743337 8 26 theme acid 1304:1307 arg1 composition 1309:1319 fatty acid composition 1298:1319 fatty acid composition 1298:1319 Hematology, non-specific immune responses, proximate and fatty acid composition of muscle were determined to assess diet effects. 25743337 8 26 theme acid 1304:1307 arg1 responses 1273:1281 Hematology, non-specific immune responses 1241:1281 responses 1273:1281 Hematology, non-specific immune responses, proximate and fatty acid composition of muscle were determined to assess diet effects. 25743337 11 27 theme fed 1640:1642 arg1 PREB 1644:1647 fish fed PREB 1635:1647 fish fed PREB 1635:1647 Total n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated acids were higher in muscle of fish fed PREB than those fed SBO. 25743337 13 28 dep have 1860:1863 arg1 both 1855:1858 both 1855:1858 both 1855:1858 Flaxseed oil and the dairy/yeast prebiotic both have potential to increase catfish performance at a low temperature. 25743337 6 29 theme -protein 940:947 arg1 diet 955:958 A 28%-protein basal diet 935:958 A 28%-protein basal diet 935:958 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 4 30 theme dairy/yeast 685:695 arg1 prebiotic 697:705 a dairy/yeast prebiotic 683:705 a dairy/yeast prebiotic 683:705 We conducted a feeding trial with channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C) to determine the effects of supplementing diets with either a dairy/yeast prebiotic or flaxseed oil (high in 18:3n-3) compared with a control with soybean oil (high in 18:2n-6). 25743337 0 31 theme dairy/yeast 10:20 arg1 prebiotic 22:30 A dietary dairy/yeast prebiotic 0:30 A dietary dairy/yeast prebiotic 0:30 A dietary dairy/yeast prebiotic and flaxseed oil enhance growth, hematological and immunological parameters in channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C). 25743337 9 32 theme Catfish-fed 1371:1381 arg1 FLAX 1383:1386 Catfish-fed FLAX 1371:1386 Catfish-fed FLAX 1371:1386 Catfish-fed FLAX or PREB had higher weight gain, feed consumption and lysozyme activity than fish fed SBO. 25743337 5 33 theme g±0.43 919:924 arg1 fish 883:886 100 fish 879:886 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.) 879:932 The trial was conducted in recirculating systems with 1140-l tanks containing 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.). 25743337 5 33 theme g±0.43 919:924 arg1 s.e.m. 926:931 mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m. 894:931 mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m. 894:931 The trial was conducted in recirculating systems with 1140-l tanks containing 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.). 25743337 8 34 theme diet 1357:1360 arg1 effects 1362:1368 diet effects 1357:1368 diet effects 1357:1368 Hematology, non-specific immune responses, proximate and fatty acid composition of muscle were determined to assess diet effects. 25743337 10 35 theme n-3 1484:1486 arg1 acids 1494:1498 Total n-3 fatty acids 1478:1498 Total n-3 fatty acids in muscle 1478:1508 Total n-3 fatty acids in muscle were higher in fish fed SBO or FLAX than those fed PREB. 25743337 11 36 theme polyunsaturated 1588:1602 arg1 acids 1604:1608 n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated acids 1573:1608 Total n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated acids 1567:1608 Total n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated acids were higher in muscle of fish fed PREB than those fed SBO. 25743337 9 37 theme weight 1407:1412 arg1 gain 1414:1417 higher weight gain 1400:1417 higher weight gain 1400:1417 Catfish-fed FLAX or PREB had higher weight gain, feed consumption and lysozyme activity than fish fed SBO. 25743337 2 38 theme feed 336:339 arg1 intake 341:346 feed intake 336:346 feed intake 336:346 Growing seasons are separated by a cool period of about 3 months when feed intake and growth are greatly reduced. 25743337 5 39 theme weight 907:912 arg1 fish 883:886 100 fish 879:886 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.) 879:932 The trial was conducted in recirculating systems with 1140-l tanks containing 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.). 25743337 5 39 theme weight 907:912 arg1 s.e.m. 926:931 mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m. 894:931 mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m. 894:931 The trial was conducted in recirculating systems with 1140-l tanks containing 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.). 25743337 13 40 contain have 1860:1863 arg1 prebiotic 1845:1853 the dairy/yeast prebiotic 1829:1853 the dairy/yeast prebiotic 1829:1853 Flaxseed oil and the dairy/yeast prebiotic both have potential to increase catfish performance at a low temperature. 25743337 13 40 contain have 1860:1863 arg1 oil 1821:1823 Flaxseed oil 1812:1823 Flaxseed oil 1812:1823 Flaxseed oil and the dairy/yeast prebiotic both have potential to increase catfish performance at a low temperature. 25743337 13 40 contain have 1860:1863 arg2 potential 1865:1873 potential 1865:1873 potential to increase catfish performance at a low temperature 1865:1926 Flaxseed oil and the dairy/yeast prebiotic both have potential to increase catfish performance at a low temperature. 25743337 6 41 theme 20 982:983 arg1 g/kg 985:988 g/kg 985:988 g/kg 985:988 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 3 42 theme catfish 456:462 arg1 health 446:451 health 446:451 health 446:451 A cool-weather feeding strategy to improve feed intake, growth or health of catfish might improve survival and reduce the time needed to achieve market size. 25743337 3 42 theme catfish 456:462 arg1 growth 436:441 growth 436:441 growth 436:441 A cool-weather feeding strategy to improve feed intake, growth or health of catfish might improve survival and reduce the time needed to achieve market size. 25743337 3 42 theme catfish 456:462 arg1 intake 428:433 feed intake 423:433 feed intake 423:433 A cool-weather feeding strategy to improve feed intake, growth or health of catfish might improve survival and reduce the time needed to achieve market size. 25743337 9 43 theme lysozyme 1441:1448 arg1 activity 1450:1457 lysozyme activity 1441:1457 lysozyme activity 1441:1457 Catfish-fed FLAX or PREB had higher weight gain, feed consumption and lysozyme activity than fish fed SBO. 25743337 10 44 from acids 1494:1498 arg1 muscle 1503:1508 muscle 1503:1508 muscle 1503:1508 Total n-3 fatty acids in muscle were higher in fish fed SBO or FLAX than those fed PREB. 25743337 4 45 theme suboptimal 593:602 arg1 temperature 604:614 a suboptimal temperature 591:614 a suboptimal temperature (15°C) 591:621 We conducted a feeding trial with channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C) to determine the effects of supplementing diets with either a dairy/yeast prebiotic or flaxseed oil (high in 18:3n-3) compared with a control with soybean oil (high in 18:2n-6). 25743337 4 45 theme suboptimal 593:602 arg1 15°C 617:620 15°C 617:620 15°C 617:620 We conducted a feeding trial with channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C) to determine the effects of supplementing diets with either a dairy/yeast prebiotic or flaxseed oil (high in 18:3n-3) compared with a control with soybean oil (high in 18:2n-6). 25743337 9 46 contain had 1396:1398 arg1 PREB 1391:1394 PREB 1391:1394 PREB 1391:1394 Catfish-fed FLAX or PREB had higher weight gain, feed consumption and lysozyme activity than fish fed SBO. 25743337 9 46 contain had 1396:1398 arg1 FLAX 1383:1386 Catfish-fed FLAX 1371:1386 Catfish-fed FLAX 1371:1386 Catfish-fed FLAX or PREB had higher weight gain, feed consumption and lysozyme activity than fish fed SBO. 25743337 9 46 contain had 1396:1398 arg2 gain 1414:1417 higher weight gain 1400:1417 higher weight gain 1400:1417 Catfish-fed FLAX or PREB had higher weight gain, feed consumption and lysozyme activity than fish fed SBO. 25743337 9 46 contain had 1396:1398 arg2 activity 1450:1457 lysozyme activity 1441:1457 lysozyme activity 1441:1457 Catfish-fed FLAX or PREB had higher weight gain, feed consumption and lysozyme activity than fish fed SBO. 25743337 9 46 contain had 1396:1398 arg2 consumption 1425:1435 feed consumption 1420:1435 feed consumption 1420:1435 Catfish-fed FLAX or PREB had higher weight gain, feed consumption and lysozyme activity than fish fed SBO. 25743337 4 47 dep high 724:727 arg1 in 729:730 in 729:730 in 729:730 We conducted a feeding trial with channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C) to determine the effects of supplementing diets with either a dairy/yeast prebiotic or flaxseed oil (high in 18:3n-3) compared with a control with soybean oil (high in 18:2n-6). 25743337 4 48 theme soybean 770:776 arg1 oil 778:780 soybean oil 770:780 soybean oil (high in 18:2n-6) 770:798 We conducted a feeding trial with channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C) to determine the effects of supplementing diets with either a dairy/yeast prebiotic or flaxseed oil (high in 18:3n-3) compared with a control with soybean oil (high in 18:2n-6). 25743337 4 48 theme soybean 770:776 arg1 18:2n-6 791:797 18:2n-6 791:797 18:2n-6 791:797 We conducted a feeding trial with channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C) to determine the effects of supplementing diets with either a dairy/yeast prebiotic or flaxseed oil (high in 18:3n-3) compared with a control with soybean oil (high in 18:2n-6). 25743337 5 49 with systems 842:848 arg1 tanks 862:866 1140-l tanks 855:866 1140-l tanks containing 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.) 855:932 The trial was conducted in recirculating systems with 1140-l tanks containing 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.). 25743337 6 50 theme soybean 1012:1018 arg1 oil 1020:1022 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil 982:1022 oil 1020:1022 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 4 51 theme channel 572:578 arg1 catfish 580:586 channel catfish 572:586 channel catfish 572:586 We conducted a feeding trial with channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C) to determine the effects of supplementing diets with either a dairy/yeast prebiotic or flaxseed oil (high in 18:3n-3) compared with a control with soybean oil (high in 18:2n-6). 25743337 6 52 theme soybean 1140:1146 arg1 oil 1148:1150 20 g/kg soybean oil 1132:1150 20 g/kg soybean oil 1132:1150 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 1 53 theme southern 193:200 arg1 States 209:214 the southern United States 189:214 the southern United States 189:214 Channel catfish raised in the southern United States require two growing seasons to reach market size. 25743337 8 54 theme Hematology 1241:1250 arg1 composition 1309:1319 fatty acid composition 1298:1319 fatty acid composition 1298:1319 Hematology, non-specific immune responses, proximate and fatty acid composition of muscle were determined to assess diet effects. 25743337 8 54 theme Hematology 1241:1250 arg1 proximate 1284:1292 proximate 1284:1292 proximate 1284:1292 Hematology, non-specific immune responses, proximate and fatty acid composition of muscle were determined to assess diet effects. 25743337 8 54 theme Hematology 1241:1250 arg1 responses 1273:1281 Hematology, non-specific immune responses 1241:1281 responses 1273:1281 Hematology, non-specific immune responses, proximate and fatty acid composition of muscle were determined to assess diet effects. 25743337 6 55 theme flaxseed 1070:1077 arg1 PREB 1153:1156 PREB 1153:1156 PREB 1153:1156 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 6 55 theme flaxseed 1070:1077 arg1 FLAX 1084:1087 FLAX 1084:1087 FLAX 1084:1087 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 6 55 theme flaxseed 1070:1077 arg1 oil 1079:1081 flaxseed oil 1070:1081 flaxseed oil (FLAX) 1070:1088 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 11 56 theme long-chain 1577:1586 arg1 acids 1604:1608 n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated acids 1573:1608 Total n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated acids 1567:1608 Total n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated acids were higher in muscle of fish fed PREB than those fed SBO. 25743337 6 57 theme 20 1132:1133 arg1 g/kg 1135:1138 g/kg 1135:1138 g/kg 1135:1138 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 12 58 from acids 1795:1799 arg1 muscle 1804:1809 muscle 1804:1809 muscle 1804:1809 Fatty acids in the PREB and SBO diets were similar, so the PREB appeared to increase elongation and desaturation of n-6 fatty acids in muscle. 25743337 8 59 theme non-specific 1253:1264 arg1 composition 1309:1319 fatty acid composition 1298:1319 fatty acid composition 1298:1319 Hematology, non-specific immune responses, proximate and fatty acid composition of muscle were determined to assess diet effects. 25743337 8 59 theme non-specific 1253:1264 arg1 proximate 1284:1292 proximate 1284:1292 proximate 1284:1292 Hematology, non-specific immune responses, proximate and fatty acid composition of muscle were determined to assess diet effects. 25743337 8 59 theme non-specific 1253:1264 arg1 responses 1273:1281 Hematology, non-specific immune responses 1241:1281 responses 1273:1281 Hematology, non-specific immune responses, proximate and fatty acid composition of muscle were determined to assess diet effects. 25743337 6 60 theme 20 1062:1063 arg1 g/kg 1065:1068 g/kg 1065:1068 g/kg 1065:1068 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 6 61 theme prebiotic 1118:1126 arg1 cellulose 1048:1056 20 g/kg cellulose 1040:1056 20 g/kg cellulose 1040:1056 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 6 61 theme prebiotic 1118:1126 arg1 oil 1148:1150 20 g/kg soybean oil 1132:1150 20 g/kg soybean oil 1132:1150 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 6 61 theme prebiotic 1118:1126 arg1 FLAX 1084:1087 FLAX 1084:1087 FLAX 1084:1087 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 6 61 theme prebiotic 1118:1126 arg1 PREB 1153:1156 PREB 1153:1156 PREB 1153:1156 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 6 61 theme prebiotic 1118:1126 arg1 oil 1020:1022 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil 982:1022 oil 1020:1022 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 6 61 theme prebiotic 1118:1126 arg1 oil 1079:1081 flaxseed oil 1070:1081 flaxseed oil (FLAX) 1070:1088 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 6 61 theme prebiotic 1118:1126 arg1 g/kg 1096:1099 20 g/kg 1093:1099 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic 1093:1126 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 6 61 theme prebiotic 1118:1126 arg1 SBO 1025:1027 SBO 1025:1027 SBO 1025:1027 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 6 61 theme prebiotic 1118:1126 arg1 cellulose 990:998 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil 982:1022 cellulose 990:998 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 0 62 from parameters 97:106 arg1 catfish 119:125 channel catfish 111:125 channel catfish 111:125 A dietary dairy/yeast prebiotic and flaxseed oil enhance growth, hematological and immunological parameters in channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C). 25743337 12 63 theme acids 1795:1799 arg1 desaturation 1769:1780 desaturation 1769:1780 desaturation 1769:1780 Fatty acids in the PREB and SBO diets were similar, so the PREB appeared to increase elongation and desaturation of n-6 fatty acids in muscle. 25743337 12 63 theme acids 1795:1799 arg1 elongation 1754:1763 elongation 1754:1763 elongation 1754:1763 Fatty acids in the PREB and SBO diets were similar, so the PREB appeared to increase elongation and desaturation of n-6 fatty acids in muscle. 25743337 12 64 from desaturation 1769:1780 arg1 muscle 1804:1809 muscle 1804:1809 muscle 1804:1809 Fatty acids in the PREB and SBO diets were similar, so the PREB appeared to increase elongation and desaturation of n-6 fatty acids in muscle. 25743337 12 65 from elongation 1754:1763 arg1 muscle 1804:1809 muscle 1804:1809 muscle 1804:1809 Fatty acids in the PREB and SBO diets were similar, so the PREB appeared to increase elongation and desaturation of n-6 fatty acids in muscle. 25743337 8 66 theme fatty 1298:1302 arg1 composition 1309:1319 fatty acid composition 1298:1319 fatty acid composition 1298:1319 Hematology, non-specific immune responses, proximate and fatty acid composition of muscle were determined to assess diet effects. 25743337 8 66 theme fatty 1298:1302 arg1 responses 1273:1281 Hematology, non-specific immune responses 1241:1281 responses 1273:1281 Hematology, non-specific immune responses, proximate and fatty acid composition of muscle were determined to assess diet effects. 25743337 5 67 theme mean 894:897 arg1 fish 883:886 100 fish 879:886 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.) 879:932 The trial was conducted in recirculating systems with 1140-l tanks containing 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.). 25743337 5 67 theme mean 894:897 arg1 s.e.m. 926:931 mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m. 894:931 mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m. 894:931 The trial was conducted in recirculating systems with 1140-l tanks containing 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.). 25743337 12 68 theme Fatty 1669:1673 arg1 acids 1675:1679 Fatty acids 1669:1679 Fatty acids in the PREB and SBO diets 1669:1705 Fatty acids in the PREB and SBO diets were similar, so the PREB appeared to increase elongation and desaturation of n-6 fatty acids in muscle. 25743337 4 69 with control 757:763 arg1 oil 778:780 soybean oil 770:780 soybean oil (high in 18:2n-6) 770:798 We conducted a feeding trial with channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C) to determine the effects of supplementing diets with either a dairy/yeast prebiotic or flaxseed oil (high in 18:3n-3) compared with a control with soybean oil (high in 18:2n-6). 25743337 4 69 with control 757:763 arg1 18:2n-6 791:797 18:2n-6 791:797 18:2n-6 791:797 We conducted a feeding trial with channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C) to determine the effects of supplementing diets with either a dairy/yeast prebiotic or flaxseed oil (high in 18:3n-3) compared with a control with soybean oil (high in 18:2n-6). 25743337 0 70 theme channel 111:117 arg1 catfish 119:125 channel catfish 111:125 channel catfish 111:125 A dietary dairy/yeast prebiotic and flaxseed oil enhance growth, hematological and immunological parameters in channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C). 25743337 11 71 dep Total 1567:1571 arg1 acids 1604:1608 n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated acids 1573:1608 Total n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated acids 1567:1608 Total n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated acids were higher in muscle of fish fed PREB than those fed SBO. 25743337 8 72 theme muscle 1324:1329 arg1 composition 1309:1319 fatty acid composition 1298:1319 fatty acid composition 1298:1319 Hematology, non-specific immune responses, proximate and fatty acid composition of muscle were determined to assess diet effects. 25743337 8 72 theme muscle 1324:1329 arg1 proximate 1284:1292 proximate 1284:1292 proximate 1284:1292 Hematology, non-specific immune responses, proximate and fatty acid composition of muscle were determined to assess diet effects. 25743337 8 72 theme muscle 1324:1329 arg1 responses 1273:1281 Hematology, non-specific immune responses 1241:1281 responses 1273:1281 Hematology, non-specific immune responses, proximate and fatty acid composition of muscle were determined to assess diet effects. 25743337 4 73 theme flaxseed 710:717 arg1 18:3n-3 732:738 18:3n-3 732:738 18:3n-3 732:738 We conducted a feeding trial with channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C) to determine the effects of supplementing diets with either a dairy/yeast prebiotic or flaxseed oil (high in 18:3n-3) compared with a control with soybean oil (high in 18:2n-6). 25743337 4 73 theme flaxseed 710:717 arg1 oil 719:721 flaxseed oil 710:721 flaxseed oil (high in 18:3n-3) 710:739 We conducted a feeding trial with channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C) to determine the effects of supplementing diets with either a dairy/yeast prebiotic or flaxseed oil (high in 18:3n-3) compared with a control with soybean oil (high in 18:2n-6). 25743337 0 74 theme dietary 2:8 arg1 prebiotic 22:30 A dietary dairy/yeast prebiotic 0:30 A dietary dairy/yeast prebiotic 0:30 A dietary dairy/yeast prebiotic and flaxseed oil enhance growth, hematological and immunological parameters in channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C). 25743337 6 75 theme basal 949:953 arg1 diet 955:958 A 28%-protein basal diet 935:958 A 28%-protein basal diet 935:958 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 0 76 theme suboptimal 132:141 arg1 15°C 156:159 15°C 156:159 15°C 156:159 A dietary dairy/yeast prebiotic and flaxseed oil enhance growth, hematological and immunological parameters in channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C). 25743337 0 76 theme suboptimal 132:141 arg1 temperature 143:153 a suboptimal temperature 130:153 a suboptimal temperature (15°C) 130:160 A dietary dairy/yeast prebiotic and flaxseed oil enhance growth, hematological and immunological parameters in channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C). 25743337 11 77 theme PREB 1644:1647 arg1 muscle 1625:1630 muscle 1625:1630 muscle of fish fed PREB 1625:1647 Total n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated acids were higher in muscle of fish fed PREB than those fed SBO. 25743337 12 78 from muscle 1804:1809 arg1 desaturation 1769:1780 desaturation 1769:1780 desaturation 1769:1780 Fatty acids in the PREB and SBO diets were similar, so the PREB appeared to increase elongation and desaturation of n-6 fatty acids in muscle. 25743337 12 78 from muscle 1804:1809 arg1 elongation 1754:1763 elongation 1754:1763 elongation 1754:1763 Fatty acids in the PREB and SBO diets were similar, so the PREB appeared to increase elongation and desaturation of n-6 fatty acids in muscle. 25743337 5 79 theme 1140-l 855:860 arg1 tanks 862:866 1140-l tanks 855:866 1140-l tanks containing 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.) 855:932 The trial was conducted in recirculating systems with 1140-l tanks containing 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.). 25743337 0 80 theme flaxseed 36:43 arg1 oil 45:47 flaxseed oil 36:47 flaxseed oil 36:47 A dietary dairy/yeast prebiotic and flaxseed oil enhance growth, hematological and immunological parameters in channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C). 25743337 3 81 theme feed 423:426 arg1 intake 428:433 feed intake 423:433 feed intake 423:433 A cool-weather feeding strategy to improve feed intake, growth or health of catfish might improve survival and reduce the time needed to achieve market size. 25743337 4 82 dep high 783:786 arg1 in 788:789 in 788:789 in 788:789 We conducted a feeding trial with channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C) to determine the effects of supplementing diets with either a dairy/yeast prebiotic or flaxseed oil (high in 18:3n-3) compared with a control with soybean oil (high in 18:2n-6). 25743337 13 83 theme low 1912:1914 arg1 temperature 1916:1926 a low temperature 1910:1926 a low temperature 1910:1926 Flaxseed oil and the dairy/yeast prebiotic both have potential to increase catfish performance at a low temperature. 25743337 3 84 dep strategy 403:410 arg1 improve 415:421 improve 415:421 to improve feed intake, growth or health of catfish 412:462 A cool-weather feeding strategy to improve feed intake, growth or health of catfish might improve survival and reduce the time needed to achieve market size. 25743337 6 85 theme g/kg 1007:1010 arg1 oil 1020:1022 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil 982:1022 oil 1020:1022 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 10 86 theme Total 1478:1482 arg1 acids 1494:1498 Total n-3 fatty acids 1478:1498 Total n-3 fatty acids in muscle 1478:1508 Total n-3 fatty acids in muscle were higher in fish fed SBO or FLAX than those fed PREB. 25743337 9 87 theme higher 1400:1405 arg1 gain 1414:1417 higher weight gain 1400:1417 higher weight gain 1400:1417 Catfish-fed FLAX or PREB had higher weight gain, feed consumption and lysozyme activity than fish fed SBO. 25743337 4 88 theme feeding 553:559 arg1 trial 561:565 a feeding trial 551:565 a feeding trial with channel catfish 551:586 We conducted a feeding trial with channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C) to determine the effects of supplementing diets with either a dairy/yeast prebiotic or flaxseed oil (high in 18:3n-3) compared with a control with soybean oil (high in 18:2n-6). 25743337 2 89 theme cool 301:304 arg1 period 306:311 a cool period 299:311 a cool period of about 3 months 299:329 Growing seasons are separated by a cool period of about 3 months when feed intake and growth are greatly reduced. 25743337 13 90 theme catfish 1887:1893 arg1 performance 1895:1905 catfish performance 1887:1905 catfish performance 1887:1905 Flaxseed oil and the dairy/yeast prebiotic both have potential to increase catfish performance at a low temperature. 25743337 12 91 from acids 1675:1679 arg1 diets 1701:1705 the PREB and SBO diets 1684:1705 diets 1701:1705 Fatty acids in the PREB and SBO diets were similar, so the PREB appeared to increase elongation and desaturation of n-6 fatty acids in muscle. 25743337 5 92 theme initial 899:905 arg1 fish 883:886 100 fish 879:886 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.) 879:932 The trial was conducted in recirculating systems with 1140-l tanks containing 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.). 25743337 5 92 theme initial 899:905 arg1 s.e.m. 926:931 mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m. 894:931 mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m. 894:931 The trial was conducted in recirculating systems with 1140-l tanks containing 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.). 25743337 6 93 theme g/kg 985:988 arg1 cellulose 1048:1056 20 g/kg cellulose 1040:1056 20 g/kg cellulose 1040:1056 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 6 93 theme g/kg 985:988 arg1 SBO 1025:1027 SBO 1025:1027 SBO 1025:1027 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 6 93 theme g/kg 985:988 arg1 cellulose 990:998 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil 982:1022 cellulose 990:998 A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). 25743337 4 94 with diets 665:669 arg1 18:3n-3 732:738 18:3n-3 732:738 18:3n-3 732:738 We conducted a feeding trial with channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C) to determine the effects of supplementing diets with either a dairy/yeast prebiotic or flaxseed oil (high in 18:3n-3) compared with a control with soybean oil (high in 18:2n-6). 25743337 4 94 with diets 665:669 arg1 prebiotic 697:705 a dairy/yeast prebiotic 683:705 a dairy/yeast prebiotic 683:705 We conducted a feeding trial with channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C) to determine the effects of supplementing diets with either a dairy/yeast prebiotic or flaxseed oil (high in 18:3n-3) compared with a control with soybean oil (high in 18:2n-6). 25743337 4 94 with diets 665:669 arg1 oil 719:721 flaxseed oil 710:721 flaxseed oil (high in 18:3n-3) 710:739 We conducted a feeding trial with channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C) to determine the effects of supplementing diets with either a dairy/yeast prebiotic or flaxseed oil (high in 18:3n-3) compared with a control with soybean oil (high in 18:2n-6). 25743337 11 95 theme fish 1635:1638 arg1 PREB 1644:1647 fish fed PREB 1635:1647 fish fed PREB 1635:1647 Total n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated acids were higher in muscle of fish fed PREB than those fed SBO. 25743337 1 96 theme growing 228:234 arg1 seasons 236:242 two growing seasons 224:242 two growing seasons 224:242 Channel catfish raised in the southern United States require two growing seasons to reach market size. 25563636 7 0 theme minor 1052:1056 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1027:1046 phosphatidylglycerol 1027:1046 phosphatidylglycerol 1027:1046 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 0 theme minor 1052:1056 arg1 amounts 1058:1064 minor amounts 1052:1064 minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids 1052:1116 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 0 theme minor 1052:1056 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 983:1004 diphosphatidylglycerol 983:1004 diphosphatidylglycerol 983:1004 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 0 theme minor 1052:1056 arg1 phospholipids 1081:1093 two unknown phospholipids 1069:1093 two unknown phospholipids 1069:1093 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 0 theme minor 1052:1056 arg1 lipids 1111:1116 two unknown lipids 1099:1116 two unknown lipids 1099:1116 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 4 1 theme rRNA 725:728 arg1 similarity 744:753 96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 705:753 96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 705:753 According to the results of a phylogenetic analysis, strain GSS05(T) was found to belong to the genus Ornithinibacillus and to be related most closely to the type strains of Ornithinibacillus halotolerans and Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25563636 7 2 theme unknown 1073:1079 arg1 phospholipids 1081:1093 two unknown phospholipids 1069:1093 two unknown phospholipids 1069:1093 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 10 3 theme phenotypic 1268:1277 arg1 data 1323:1326 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1264:1326 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1264:1326 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data indicated that strain GSS05(T) represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, for which the name Ornithinibacillus composti sp. 25563636 10 4 theme chemotaxonomic 1280:1293 arg1 data 1323:1326 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1264:1326 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1264:1326 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data indicated that strain GSS05(T) represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, for which the name Ornithinibacillus composti sp. 25563636 4 5 dep similarity 744:753 arg1 % 719:719 % 719:719 % 719:719 According to the results of a phylogenetic analysis, strain GSS05(T) was found to belong to the genus Ornithinibacillus and to be related most closely to the type strains of Ornithinibacillus halotolerans and Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25563636 4 6 theme 16S 721:723 arg1 similarity 744:753 96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 705:753 96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 705:753 According to the results of a phylogenetic analysis, strain GSS05(T) was found to belong to the genus Ornithinibacillus and to be related most closely to the type strains of Ornithinibacillus halotolerans and Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25563636 7 7 contain contain 957:963 arg2 predominance 967:978 a predominance 965:978 a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids 965:1116 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 7 contain contain 957:963 arg1 profile 917:923 The polar lipid profile 901:923 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) 901:942 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 2 8 theme taxonomic 316:324 arg1 approach 326:333 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 303:333 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 303:333 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated GSS05(T), was isolated from a sludge compost sample and was characterized by means of a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25563636 6 9 theme respiratory 841:851 arg1 quinone 853:859 The major respiratory quinone 831:859 The major respiratory quinone 831:859 The major respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 25563636 6 9 theme respiratory 841:851 arg1 menaquinone-7 879:891 menaquinone-7 879:891 menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 879:898 The major respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 25563636 7 10 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1027:1046 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1027:1046 phosphatidylglycerol 1027:1046 phosphatidylglycerol 1027:1046 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 10 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1027:1046 arg1 phospholipids 1081:1093 two unknown phospholipids 1069:1093 two unknown phospholipids 1069:1093 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 10 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1027:1046 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 983:1004 diphosphatidylglycerol 983:1004 diphosphatidylglycerol 983:1004 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 10 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1027:1046 arg1 amounts 1058:1064 minor amounts 1052:1064 minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids 1052:1116 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 10 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1027:1046 arg1 lipids 1111:1116 two unknown lipids 1099:1116 two unknown lipids 1099:1116 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 10 theme phosphatidylglycerol 1027:1046 arg1 amounts 1016:1022 moderate amounts 1007:1022 moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol 1007:1046 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 4 11 theme sequence 735:742 arg1 similarity 744:753 96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 705:753 96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 705:753 According to the results of a phylogenetic analysis, strain GSS05(T) was found to belong to the genus Ornithinibacillus and to be related most closely to the type strains of Ornithinibacillus halotolerans and Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25563636 12 12 theme  = KCTC 1535:1541 arg1 33192 1543:1547 =CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192 1515:1547 =CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192(T) 1515:1550 The type strain is GSS05(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192(T)). 25563636 12 12 theme  = KCTC 1535:1541 arg1 GSS05 1505:1509 GSS05 1505:1509 GSS05 1505:1509 The type strain is GSS05(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192(T)). 25563636 12 12 theme  = KCTC 1535:1541 arg1 T 1549:1549 T 1549:1549 T 1549:1549 The type strain is GSS05(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192(T)). 25563636 1 13 theme sludge 51:56 arg1 description 78:88 sludge compost and emended description 51:88 sludge compost and emended description of the genus Ornithinibacillus 51:119 nov., isolated from sludge compost and emended description of the genus Ornithinibacillus. 25563636 3 14 theme optimum 449:455 arg1 15-50 °C 439:446 15-50 °C 439:446 15-50 °C (optimum 37 °C) 439:462 Growth was observed to occur with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %), at pH 5.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 37 °C). 25563636 3 14 theme optimum 449:455 arg1 37 °C 457:461 optimum 37 °C 449:461 optimum 37 °C 449:461 Growth was observed to occur with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %), at pH 5.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 37 °C). 25563636 6 15 theme major 835:839 arg1 quinone 853:859 The major respiratory quinone 831:859 The major respiratory quinone 831:859 The major respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 25563636 6 15 theme major 835:839 arg1 menaquinone-7 879:891 menaquinone-7 879:891 menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 879:898 The major respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone-7 (MK-7). 25563636 10 16 theme genus 1393:1397 arg1 Ornithinibacillus 1399:1415 the genus Ornithinibacillus 1389:1415 the genus Ornithinibacillus 1389:1415 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data indicated that strain GSS05(T) represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, for which the name Ornithinibacillus composti sp. 25563636 1 17 theme compost 58:64 arg1 description 78:88 sludge compost and emended description 51:88 sludge compost and emended description of the genus Ornithinibacillus 51:119 nov., isolated from sludge compost and emended description of the genus Ornithinibacillus. 25563636 7 18 theme phospholipids 1081:1093 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1027:1046 phosphatidylglycerol 1027:1046 phosphatidylglycerol 1027:1046 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 18 theme phospholipids 1081:1093 arg1 phospholipids 1081:1093 two unknown phospholipids 1069:1093 two unknown phospholipids 1069:1093 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 18 theme phospholipids 1081:1093 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 983:1004 diphosphatidylglycerol 983:1004 diphosphatidylglycerol 983:1004 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 18 theme phospholipids 1081:1093 arg1 amounts 1058:1064 minor amounts 1052:1064 minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids 1052:1116 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 18 theme phospholipids 1081:1093 arg1 lipids 1111:1116 two unknown lipids 1099:1116 two unknown lipids 1099:1116 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 18 theme phospholipids 1081:1093 arg1 amounts 1016:1022 moderate amounts 1007:1022 moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol 1007:1046 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 2 19 theme compost 254:260 arg1 sample 262:267 a sludge compost sample 245:267 a sludge compost sample 245:267 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated GSS05(T), was isolated from a sludge compost sample and was characterized by means of a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25563636 7 20 theme lipids 1111:1116 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1027:1046 phosphatidylglycerol 1027:1046 phosphatidylglycerol 1027:1046 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 20 theme lipids 1111:1116 arg1 phospholipids 1081:1093 two unknown phospholipids 1069:1093 two unknown phospholipids 1069:1093 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 20 theme lipids 1111:1116 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 983:1004 diphosphatidylglycerol 983:1004 diphosphatidylglycerol 983:1004 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 20 theme lipids 1111:1116 arg1 amounts 1058:1064 minor amounts 1052:1064 minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids 1052:1116 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 20 theme lipids 1111:1116 arg1 lipids 1111:1116 two unknown lipids 1099:1116 two unknown lipids 1099:1116 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 20 theme lipids 1111:1116 arg1 amounts 1016:1022 moderate amounts 1007:1022 moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol 1007:1046 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 2 21 theme aerobic 145:151 arg1 bacterium 195:203 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 122:203 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 122:203 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated GSS05(T), was isolated from a sludge compost sample and was characterized by means of a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25563636 7 22 theme GSS05 935:939 arg1 profile 917:923 The polar lipid profile 901:923 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) 901:942 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 2 23 theme sludge 247:252 arg1 sample 262:267 a sludge compost sample 245:267 a sludge compost sample 245:267 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated GSS05(T), was isolated from a sludge compost sample and was characterized by means of a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25563636 12 24 theme AB 1522:1523 arg1 33192 1543:1547 =CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192 1515:1547 =CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192(T) 1515:1550 The type strain is GSS05(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192(T)). 25563636 12 24 theme AB 1522:1523 arg1 GSS05 1505:1509 GSS05 1505:1509 GSS05 1505:1509 The type strain is GSS05(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192(T)). 25563636 12 24 theme AB 1522:1523 arg1 T 1549:1549 T 1549:1549 T 1549:1549 The type strain is GSS05(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192(T)). 25563636 4 25 dep halotolerans 657:668 arg1 similarity 744:753 96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 705:753 96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 705:753 According to the results of a phylogenetic analysis, strain GSS05(T) was found to belong to the genus Ornithinibacillus and to be related most closely to the type strains of Ornithinibacillus halotolerans and Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25563636 1 26 theme emended 70:76 arg1 description 78:88 sludge compost and emended description 51:88 sludge compost and emended description of the genus Ornithinibacillus 51:119 nov., isolated from sludge compost and emended description of the genus Ornithinibacillus. 25563636 9 27 theme cellular 1195:1202 arg1 acids 1210:1214 The dominant cellular fatty acids 1182:1214 The dominant cellular fatty acids 1182:1214 The dominant cellular fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 25563636 9 27 theme cellular 1195:1202 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1249:1261 anteiso-C15:0 1249:1261 anteiso-C15:0 1249:1261 The dominant cellular fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 25563636 9 27 theme cellular 1195:1202 arg1 iso-C15:0 1235:1243 iso-C15:0 1235:1243 iso-C15:0 1235:1243 The dominant cellular fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 25563636 0 28 theme composti 18:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Ornithinibacillus composti sp 0:28 Ornithinibacillus composti sp. 0:29 Ornithinibacillus composti sp. 25563636 2 29 theme positive 135:142 arg1 bacterium 195:203 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 122:203 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 122:203 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated GSS05(T), was isolated from a sludge compost sample and was characterized by means of a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25563636 10 30 theme phylogenetic 1296:1307 arg1 data 1323:1326 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1264:1326 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1264:1326 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data indicated that strain GSS05(T) represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, for which the name Ornithinibacillus composti sp. 25563636 12 31 theme 2013261 1525:1531 arg1 33192 1543:1547 =CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192 1515:1547 =CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192(T) 1515:1550 The type strain is GSS05(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192(T)). 25563636 12 31 theme 2013261 1525:1531 arg1 GSS05 1505:1509 GSS05 1505:1509 GSS05 1505:1509 The type strain is GSS05(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192(T)). 25563636 12 31 theme 2013261 1525:1531 arg1 T 1549:1549 T 1549:1549 T 1549:1549 The type strain is GSS05(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192(T)). 25563636 5 32 theme acid 795:798 arg1 A4β 826:828 A4β 826:828 A4β 826:828 The peptidoglycan amino acid type was determined to be A4β. 25563636 5 32 theme acid 795:798 arg1 type 800:803 The peptidoglycan amino acid type 771:803 The peptidoglycan amino acid type 771:803 The peptidoglycan amino acid type was determined to be A4β. 25563636 12 33 theme type 1490:1493 arg1 GSS05 1505:1509 GSS05 1505:1509 GSS05 1505:1509 The type strain is GSS05(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192(T)). 25563636 12 33 theme type 1490:1493 arg1 strain 1495:1500 The type strain 1486:1500 The type strain 1486:1500 The type strain is GSS05(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192(T)). 25563636 3 34 theme w/v 377:379 arg1 NaCl 382:385 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl 370:385 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %) 370:399 Growth was observed to occur with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %), at pH 5.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 37 °C). 25563636 3 34 theme w/v 377:379 arg1 % 398:398 optimum 1 % 388:398 optimum 1 % 388:398 Growth was observed to occur with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %), at pH 5.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 37 °C). 25563636 0 35 theme Ornithinibacillus 0:16 arg1 sp 27:28 Ornithinibacillus composti sp 0:28 Ornithinibacillus composti sp. 0:29 Ornithinibacillus composti sp. 25563636 7 36 theme strain 928:933 arg1 GSS05 935:939 strain GSS05 928:939 strain GSS05(T) 928:942 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 36 theme strain 928:933 arg1 T 941:941 T 941:941 T 941:941 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 10 37 theme genotypic 1313:1321 arg1 data 1323:1326 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1264:1326 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data 1264:1326 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data indicated that strain GSS05(T) represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, for which the name Ornithinibacillus composti sp. 25563636 8 38 theme genomic 1138:1144 arg1 DNA 1146:1148 genomic DNA 1138:1148 genomic DNA 1138:1148 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 42.1 mol%. 25563636 7 39 theme lipid 911:915 arg1 profile 917:923 The polar lipid profile 901:923 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) 901:942 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 12 40 theme T 1533:1533 arg1 33192 1543:1547 =CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192 1515:1547 =CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192(T) 1515:1550 The type strain is GSS05(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192(T)). 25563636 12 40 theme T 1533:1533 arg1 GSS05 1505:1509 GSS05 1505:1509 GSS05 1505:1509 The type strain is GSS05(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192(T)). 25563636 12 40 theme T 1533:1533 arg1 T 1549:1549 T 1549:1549 T 1549:1549 The type strain is GSS05(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192(T)). 25563636 7 41 theme diphosphatidylglycerol 983:1004 arg1 predominance 967:978 a predominance 965:978 a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids 965:1116 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 4 42 theme type 623:626 arg1 strains 628:634 the type strains 619:634 the type strains of Ornithinibacillus halotolerans and Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively) 619:768 According to the results of a phylogenetic analysis, strain GSS05(T) was found to belong to the genus Ornithinibacillus and to be related most closely to the type strains of Ornithinibacillus halotolerans and Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25563636 1 43 theme genus 97:101 arg1 Ornithinibacillus 103:119 the genus Ornithinibacillus 93:119 the genus Ornithinibacillus 93:119 nov., isolated from sludge compost and emended description of the genus Ornithinibacillus. 25563636 4 44 theme analysis 508:515 arg1 results 482:488 the results 478:488 the results of a phylogenetic analysis 478:515 According to the results of a phylogenetic analysis, strain GSS05(T) was found to belong to the genus Ornithinibacillus and to be related most closely to the type strains of Ornithinibacillus halotolerans and Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25563636 3 45 theme % 374:374 arg1 NaCl 382:385 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl 370:385 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %) 370:399 Growth was observed to occur with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %), at pH 5.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 37 °C). 25563636 3 45 theme % 374:374 arg1 % 398:398 optimum 1 % 388:398 optimum 1 % 388:398 Growth was observed to occur with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %), at pH 5.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 37 °C). 25563636 2 46 theme endospore-forming 162:178 arg1 bacterium 195:203 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 122:203 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 122:203 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated GSS05(T), was isolated from a sludge compost sample and was characterized by means of a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25563636 4 47 theme strain 518:523 arg1 T 531:531 T 531:531 T 531:531 According to the results of a phylogenetic analysis, strain GSS05(T) was found to belong to the genus Ornithinibacillus and to be related most closely to the type strains of Ornithinibacillus halotolerans and Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25563636 4 47 theme strain 518:523 arg1 GSS05 525:529 strain GSS05 518:529 strain GSS05(T) 518:532 According to the results of a phylogenetic analysis, strain GSS05(T) was found to belong to the genus Ornithinibacillus and to be related most closely to the type strains of Ornithinibacillus halotolerans and Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25563636 3 48 theme optimum 388:394 arg1 NaCl 382:385 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl 370:385 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %) 370:399 Growth was observed to occur with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %), at pH 5.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 37 °C). 25563636 3 48 theme optimum 388:394 arg1 % 398:398 optimum 1 % 388:398 optimum 1 % 388:398 Growth was observed to occur with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %), at pH 5.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 37 °C). 25563636 10 49 theme composti 1455:1462 arg1 sp 1464:1465 the name Ornithinibacillus composti sp 1428:1465 the name Ornithinibacillus composti sp 1428:1465 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data indicated that strain GSS05(T) represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, for which the name Ornithinibacillus composti sp. 25563636 7 50 theme polar 905:909 arg1 profile 917:923 The polar lipid profile 901:923 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) 901:942 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 8 51 theme DNA 1146:1148 arg1 % 1179:1179 42.1 mol% 1171:1179 42.1 mol% 1171:1179 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 42.1 mol%. 25563636 8 51 theme DNA 1146:1148 arg1 content 1127:1133 The G+C content 1119:1133 The G+C content of genomic DNA 1119:1148 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 42.1 mol%. 25563636 3 52 theme 1  396:397 arg1 NaCl 382:385 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl 370:385 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %) 370:399 Growth was observed to occur with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %), at pH 5.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 37 °C). 25563636 3 52 theme 1  396:397 arg1 % 398:398 optimum 1 % 388:398 optimum 1 % 388:398 Growth was observed to occur with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %), at pH 5.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 37 °C). 25563636 10 53 theme Ornithinibacillus 1437:1453 arg1 sp 1464:1465 the name Ornithinibacillus composti sp 1428:1465 the name Ornithinibacillus composti sp 1428:1465 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data indicated that strain GSS05(T) represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, for which the name Ornithinibacillus composti sp. 25563636 9 54 theme dominant 1186:1193 arg1 acids 1210:1214 The dominant cellular fatty acids 1182:1214 The dominant cellular fatty acids 1182:1214 The dominant cellular fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 25563636 9 54 theme dominant 1186:1193 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1249:1261 anteiso-C15:0 1249:1261 anteiso-C15:0 1249:1261 The dominant cellular fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 25563636 9 54 theme dominant 1186:1193 arg1 iso-C15:0 1235:1243 iso-C15:0 1235:1243 iso-C15:0 1235:1243 The dominant cellular fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 25563636 10 55 theme Ornithinibacillus 1399:1415 arg1 species 1378:1384 a novel species 1370:1384 a novel species 1370:1384 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data indicated that strain GSS05(T) represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, for which the name Ornithinibacillus composti sp. 25563636 2 56 theme motile 154:159 arg1 bacterium 195:203 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 122:203 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 122:203 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated GSS05(T), was isolated from a sludge compost sample and was characterized by means of a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25563636 2 57 theme polyphasic 305:314 arg1 approach 326:333 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 303:333 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 303:333 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated GSS05(T), was isolated from a sludge compost sample and was characterized by means of a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25563636 10 58 theme name 1432:1435 arg1 sp 1464:1465 the name Ornithinibacillus composti sp 1428:1465 the name Ornithinibacillus composti sp 1428:1465 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data indicated that strain GSS05(T) represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, for which the name Ornithinibacillus composti sp. 25563636 1 59 theme Ornithinibacillus 103:119 arg1 description 78:88 sludge compost and emended description 51:88 sludge compost and emended description of the genus Ornithinibacillus 51:119 nov., isolated from sludge compost and emended description of the genus Ornithinibacillus. 25563636 10 60 theme strain 1343:1348 arg1 T 1356:1356 T 1356:1356 T 1356:1356 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data indicated that strain GSS05(T) represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, for which the name Ornithinibacillus composti sp. 25563636 10 60 theme strain 1343:1348 arg1 GSS05 1350:1354 strain GSS05 1343:1354 strain GSS05(T) 1343:1357 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data indicated that strain GSS05(T) represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, for which the name Ornithinibacillus composti sp. 25563636 4 61 theme contaminans 692:702 arg1 strains 628:634 the type strains 619:634 the type strains of Ornithinibacillus halotolerans and Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively) 619:768 According to the results of a phylogenetic analysis, strain GSS05(T) was found to belong to the genus Ornithinibacillus and to be related most closely to the type strains of Ornithinibacillus halotolerans and Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25563636 3 62 theme optimum 416:422 arg1 pH 405:406 pH 5.5-10 405:413 pH 5.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5) 405:430 Growth was observed to occur with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %), at pH 5.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 37 °C). 25563636 3 62 theme optimum 416:422 arg1 pH 424:425 optimum pH 7.5 416:429 optimum pH 7.5 416:429 Growth was observed to occur with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %), at pH 5.5-10 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 37 °C). 25563636 8 63 theme G+C 1123:1125 arg1 % 1179:1179 42.1 mol% 1171:1179 42.1 mol% 1171:1179 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 42.1 mol%. 25563636 8 63 theme G+C 1123:1125 arg1 content 1127:1133 The G+C content 1119:1133 The G+C content of genomic DNA 1119:1148 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 42.1 mol%. 25563636 9 64 theme fatty 1204:1208 arg1 acids 1210:1214 The dominant cellular fatty acids 1182:1214 The dominant cellular fatty acids 1182:1214 The dominant cellular fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 25563636 9 64 theme fatty 1204:1208 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1249:1261 anteiso-C15:0 1249:1261 anteiso-C15:0 1249:1261 The dominant cellular fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 25563636 9 64 theme fatty 1204:1208 arg1 iso-C15:0 1235:1243 iso-C15:0 1235:1243 iso-C15:0 1235:1243 The dominant cellular fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 25563636 4 65 theme genus 561:565 arg1 Ornithinibacillus 567:583 the genus Ornithinibacillus 557:583 the genus Ornithinibacillus 557:583 According to the results of a phylogenetic analysis, strain GSS05(T) was found to belong to the genus Ornithinibacillus and to be related most closely to the type strains of Ornithinibacillus halotolerans and Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25563636 5 66 theme peptidoglycan 775:787 arg1 A4β 826:828 A4β 826:828 A4β 826:828 The peptidoglycan amino acid type was determined to be A4β. 25563636 5 66 theme peptidoglycan 775:787 arg1 type 800:803 The peptidoglycan amino acid type 771:803 The peptidoglycan amino acid type 771:803 The peptidoglycan amino acid type was determined to be A4β. 25563636 2 67 attach isolated 231:238 arg2 bacterium 195:203 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 122:203 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 122:203 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated GSS05(T), was isolated from a sludge compost sample and was characterized by means of a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25563636 2 67 attach isolated 231:238 arg1 sample 262:267 a sludge compost sample 245:267 a sludge compost sample 245:267 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated GSS05(T), was isolated from a sludge compost sample and was characterized by means of a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25563636 8 68 theme 42.1 mol 1171:1178 arg1 % 1179:1179 42.1 mol% 1171:1179 42.1 mol% 1171:1179 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 42.1 mol%. 25563636 8 68 theme 42.1 mol 1171:1178 arg1 content 1127:1133 The G+C content 1119:1133 The G+C content of genomic DNA 1119:1148 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 42.1 mol%. 25563636 5 69 theme amino 789:793 arg1 A4β 826:828 A4β 826:828 A4β 826:828 The peptidoglycan amino acid type was determined to be A4β. 25563636 5 69 theme amino 789:793 arg1 type 800:803 The peptidoglycan amino acid type 771:803 The peptidoglycan amino acid type 771:803 The peptidoglycan amino acid type was determined to be A4β. 25563636 4 70 theme gene 730:733 arg1 similarity 744:753 96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 705:753 96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 705:753 According to the results of a phylogenetic analysis, strain GSS05(T) was found to belong to the genus Ornithinibacillus and to be related most closely to the type strains of Ornithinibacillus halotolerans and Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25563636 7 71 theme unknown 1103:1109 arg1 lipids 1111:1116 two unknown lipids 1099:1116 two unknown lipids 1099:1116 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 2 72 theme rod-shaped 184:193 arg1 bacterium 195:203 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 122:203 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 122:203 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated GSS05(T), was isolated from a sludge compost sample and was characterized by means of a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25563636 4 73 theme halotolerans 657:668 arg1 strains 628:634 the type strains 619:634 the type strains of Ornithinibacillus halotolerans and Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively) 619:768 According to the results of a phylogenetic analysis, strain GSS05(T) was found to belong to the genus Ornithinibacillus and to be related most closely to the type strains of Ornithinibacillus halotolerans and Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25563636 12 74 theme =CCTCC 1515:1520 arg1 33192 1543:1547 =CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192 1515:1547 =CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192(T) 1515:1550 The type strain is GSS05(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192(T)). 25563636 12 74 theme =CCTCC 1515:1520 arg1 GSS05 1505:1509 GSS05 1505:1509 GSS05 1505:1509 The type strain is GSS05(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192(T)). 25563636 12 74 theme =CCTCC 1515:1520 arg1 T 1549:1549 T 1549:1549 T 1549:1549 The type strain is GSS05(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013261(T) = KCTC 33192(T)). 25563636 4 75 theme phylogenetic 495:506 arg1 analysis 508:515 a phylogenetic analysis 493:515 a phylogenetic analysis 493:515 According to the results of a phylogenetic analysis, strain GSS05(T) was found to belong to the genus Ornithinibacillus and to be related most closely to the type strains of Ornithinibacillus halotolerans and Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25563636 10 76 theme novel 1372:1376 arg1 species 1378:1384 a novel species 1370:1384 a novel species 1370:1384 The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data indicated that strain GSS05(T) represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, for which the name Ornithinibacillus composti sp. 25563636 2 77 theme Gram-stain 124:133 arg1 bacterium 195:203 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 122:203 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 122:203 A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated GSS05(T), was isolated from a sludge compost sample and was characterized by means of a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 25563636 4 78 dep % 719:719 arg1 95.1  714:718 95.1  714:718 95.1  714:718 According to the results of a phylogenetic analysis, strain GSS05(T) was found to belong to the genus Ornithinibacillus and to be related most closely to the type strains of Ornithinibacillus halotolerans and Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25563636 4 78 dep % 719:719 arg1 96.5 705:708 96.5 705:708 96.5 705:708 According to the results of a phylogenetic analysis, strain GSS05(T) was found to belong to the genus Ornithinibacillus and to be related most closely to the type strains of Ornithinibacillus halotolerans and Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 and 95.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). 25563636 7 79 theme moderate 1007:1014 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1027:1046 phosphatidylglycerol 1027:1046 phosphatidylglycerol 1027:1046 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 79 theme moderate 1007:1014 arg1 lipids 1111:1116 two unknown lipids 1099:1116 two unknown lipids 1099:1116 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 79 theme moderate 1007:1014 arg1 amounts 1016:1022 moderate amounts 1007:1022 moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol 1007:1046 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 79 theme moderate 1007:1014 arg1 phospholipids 1081:1093 two unknown phospholipids 1069:1093 two unknown phospholipids 1069:1093 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 25563636 7 79 theme moderate 1007:1014 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 983:1004 diphosphatidylglycerol 983:1004 diphosphatidylglycerol 983:1004 The polar lipid profile of strain GSS05(T) was found to contain a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. 26362332 11 0 dep sp 1542:1543 arg1 subflava 1533:1540 subflava 1533:1540 subflava 1533:1540 On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is apparent that strain YIM 13062(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria subflava sp. 26362332 2 1 theme Gram-staining 88:100 arg1 coccus 169:174 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus 80:174 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus 80:174 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus, designated strain YIM 13062(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean. 26362332 11 2 theme genotypic 1386:1394 arg1 data 1411:1414 genotypic and phenotypic data 1386:1414 genotypic and phenotypic data 1386:1414 On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is apparent that strain YIM 13062(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria subflava sp. 26362332 4 3 theme NaCl 662:665 arg1 presence 638:645 the presence 634:645 the presence of 2-4 % (w/v) NaCl 634:665 The strain grew optimally at 28 °C, pH 8.0 and in the presence of 2-4 % (w/v) NaCl. 26362332 10 4 theme DNA-DNA 1199:1205 arg1 relatedness 1207:1217 DNA-DNA relatedness 1199:1217 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM 13062(T) and K. polaris NBRC 103063(T), K. rosea NBRC 3768(T), K. carniphila JCM 14118(T) 1199:1326 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM 13062(T) and K. polaris NBRC 103063(T), K. rosea NBRC 3768(T), K. carniphila JCM 14118(T) were 53.2, 48.8 and 42.6 %, respectively. 26362332 10 5 theme JCM 1315:1317 arg1 14118 1319:1323 JCM 14118 1315:1323 K. carniphila JCM 14118 1301:1323 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM 13062(T) and K. polaris NBRC 103063(T), K. rosea NBRC 3768(T), K. carniphila JCM 14118(T) were 53.2, 48.8 and 42.6 %, respectively. 26362332 13 6 theme =CGMCC 1597:1602 arg1 T 1625:1625 T 1625:1625 T 1625:1625 The type strain is YIM 13062(T) (=CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547(T)). 26362332 13 6 theme =CGMCC 1597:1602 arg1 39547 1619:1623 =CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547 1597:1623 =CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547(T) 1597:1626 The type strain is YIM 13062(T) (=CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547(T)). 26362332 11 7 theme data 1411:1414 arg1 apparent 1423:1430 apparent 1423:1430 apparent 1423:1430 On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is apparent that strain YIM 13062(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria subflava sp. 26362332 4 8 theme % 654:654 arg1 NaCl 662:665 2-4 % (w/v) NaCl 650:665 2-4 % (w/v) NaCl 650:665 The strain grew optimally at 28 °C, pH 8.0 and in the presence of 2-4 % (w/v) NaCl. 26362332 10 9 theme YIM 1234:1236 arg1 T 1244:1244 strain YIM 13062(T) 1227:1245 strain YIM 13062(T) 1227:1245 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM 13062(T) and K. polaris NBRC 103063(T), K. rosea NBRC 3768(T), K. carniphila JCM 14118(T) were 53.2, 48.8 and 42.6 %, respectively. 26362332 10 9 theme YIM 1234:1236 arg1 T 1325:1325 T 1325:1325 T 1325:1325 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM 13062(T) and K. polaris NBRC 103063(T), K. rosea NBRC 3768(T), K. carniphila JCM 14118(T) were 53.2, 48.8 and 42.6 %, respectively. 26362332 10 10 dep K. 1278:1279 arg1 T 1297:1297 rosea NBRC 3768(T) 1281:1298 K. rosea NBRC 3768(T) 1278:1298 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM 13062(T) and K. polaris NBRC 103063(T), K. rosea NBRC 3768(T), K. carniphila JCM 14118(T) were 53.2, 48.8 and 42.6 %, respectively. 26362332 3 11 theme % 569:569 arg1 14118 554:558 Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118 531:558 Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity) 531:581 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 11 theme % 569:569 arg1 similarity 571:580 97.4 % similarity 564:580 97.4 % similarity 564:580 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 7 12 theme YIM 807:809 arg1 T 817:817 T 817:817 T 817:817 The polar lipids of strain YIM 13062(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unidentified phospholipid (PL), one unidentified aminophospholipid (APL), two unidentified aminolipids (AL) and four unidentified lipids (L). 26362332 7 12 theme YIM 807:809 arg1 13062 811:815 strain YIM 13062 800:815 strain YIM 13062(T) 800:818 The polar lipids of strain YIM 13062(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unidentified phospholipid (PL), one unidentified aminophospholipid (APL), two unidentified aminolipids (AL) and four unidentified lipids (L). 26362332 3 13 theme Kocuria 428:434 arg1 T 456:456 T 456:456 T 456:456 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 13 theme Kocuria 428:434 arg1 similarity 467:476 97.8 % similarity 460:476 97.8 % similarity 460:476 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 13 theme Kocuria 428:434 arg1 NBRC 444:447 Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063 428:454 Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity) 428:477 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 9 14 theme DNA 1132:1134 arg1 % 1183:1183 68.0 mol% 1175:1183 68.0 mol% 1175:1183 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM 13062(T) was 68.0 mol%. 26362332 9 14 theme DNA 1132:1134 arg1 content 1140:1146 The genomic DNA G+C content 1120:1146 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM 13062(T) 1120:1169 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM 13062(T) was 68.0 mol%. 26362332 6 15 theme major 726:730 arg1 MK-6 757:760 MK-6 757:760 MK-6 757:760 The major isoprenoid quinones were MK-6(H2) and MK-7(H2). 26362332 6 15 theme major 726:730 arg1 quinones 743:750 The major isoprenoid quinones 722:750 The major isoprenoid quinones 722:750 The major isoprenoid quinones were MK-6(H2) and MK-7(H2). 26362332 8 16 theme C18:1 1109:1113 arg1 2OH 1115:1117 C18:1 2OH 1109:1117 C18:1 2OH 1109:1117 Major fatty acids of the novel isolate were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C14:0 and C18:1 2OH. 26362332 3 17 theme rosea 488:492 arg1 similarity 515:524 97.6 % similarity 508:524 97.6 % similarity 508:524 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 17 theme rosea 488:492 arg1 NBRC 494:497 Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768 480:502 Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) 480:525 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 17 theme rosea 488:492 arg1 T 504:504 T 504:504 T 504:504 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 18 theme JCM 550:552 arg1 14118 554:558 Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118 531:558 Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity) 531:581 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 18 theme JCM 550:552 arg1 similarity 571:580 97.4 % similarity 564:580 97.4 % similarity 564:580 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 18 theme JCM 550:552 arg1 T 560:560 T 560:560 T 560:560 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 7 19 theme polar 784:788 arg1 lipids 790:795 The polar lipids 780:795 The polar lipids of strain YIM 13062(T) 780:818 The polar lipids of strain YIM 13062(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unidentified phospholipid (PL), one unidentified aminophospholipid (APL), two unidentified aminolipids (AL) and four unidentified lipids (L). 26362332 9 20 theme strain 1151:1156 arg1 T 1168:1168 T 1168:1168 T 1168:1168 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM 13062(T) was 68.0 mol%. 26362332 9 20 theme strain 1151:1156 arg1 13062 1162:1166 strain YIM 13062 1151:1166 strain YIM 13062(T) 1151:1169 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM 13062(T) was 68.0 mol%. 26362332 13 21 theme type 1568:1571 arg1 strain 1573:1578 The type strain 1564:1578 The type strain 1564:1578 The type strain is YIM 13062(T) (=CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547(T)). 26362332 13 21 theme type 1568:1571 arg1 13062 1587:1591 YIM 13062 1583:1591 YIM 13062(T) (=CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547(T)) 1583:1627 The type strain is YIM 13062(T) (=CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547(T)). 26362332 9 22 theme 13062 1162:1166 arg1 % 1183:1183 68.0 mol% 1175:1183 68.0 mol% 1175:1183 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM 13062(T) was 68.0 mol%. 26362332 9 22 theme 13062 1162:1166 arg1 content 1140:1146 The genomic DNA G+C content 1120:1146 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM 13062(T) 1120:1169 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM 13062(T) was 68.0 mol%. 26362332 3 23 theme Phylogenetic 285:296 arg1 analysis 298:305 Phylogenetic analysis 285:305 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 285:338 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 5 24 theme Cell-wall 668:676 arg1 type 692:695 Cell-wall peptidoglycan type 668:695 Cell-wall peptidoglycan type 668:695 Cell-wall peptidoglycan type was Lys-Ala3 (type A3α). 26362332 3 25 theme 16S 316:318 arg1 sequences 330:338 16S rRNA gene sequences 316:338 16S rRNA gene sequences 316:338 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 2 26 theme sediment 236:243 arg1 sample 245:250 a marine sediment sample 227:250 a marine sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean 227:282 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus, designated strain YIM 13062(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean. 26362332 5 27 theme type 711:714 arg1 Lys-Ala3 701:708 Lys-Ala3 701:708 Lys-Ala3 (type A3α) 701:719 Cell-wall peptidoglycan type was Lys-Ala3 (type A3α). 26362332 5 27 theme type 711:714 arg1 A3α 716:718 type A3α 711:718 type A3α 711:718 Cell-wall peptidoglycan type was Lys-Ala3 (type A3α). 26362332 7 28 theme unidentified 894:905 arg1 phospholipid 907:918 one unidentified phospholipid 890:918 one unidentified phospholipid (PL) 890:923 The polar lipids of strain YIM 13062(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unidentified phospholipid (PL), one unidentified aminophospholipid (APL), two unidentified aminolipids (AL) and four unidentified lipids (L). 26362332 7 28 theme unidentified 894:905 arg1 PL 921:922 PL 921:922 PL 921:922 The polar lipids of strain YIM 13062(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unidentified phospholipid (PL), one unidentified aminophospholipid (APL), two unidentified aminolipids (AL) and four unidentified lipids (L). 26362332 8 29 theme fatty 1042:1046 arg1 acids 1048:1052 Major fatty acids 1036:1052 Major fatty acids of the novel isolate 1036:1073 Major fatty acids of the novel isolate were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C14:0 and C18:1 2OH. 26362332 10 30 theme polaris 1254:1260 arg1 T 1274:1274 polaris NBRC 103063(T) 1254:1275 K. polaris NBRC 103063(T) 1251:1275 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM 13062(T) and K. polaris NBRC 103063(T), K. rosea NBRC 3768(T), K. carniphila JCM 14118(T) were 53.2, 48.8 and 42.6 %, respectively. 26362332 11 31 theme Kocuria 1497:1503 arg1 species 1476:1482 a novel species 1468:1482 a novel species 1468:1482 On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is apparent that strain YIM 13062(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria subflava sp. 26362332 3 32 theme gene 325:328 arg1 sequences 330:338 16S rRNA gene sequences 316:338 16S rRNA gene sequences 316:338 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 11 33 theme strain 1437:1442 arg1 T 1454:1454 T 1454:1454 T 1454:1454 On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is apparent that strain YIM 13062(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria subflava sp. 26362332 11 33 theme strain 1437:1442 arg1 13062 1448:1452 strain YIM 13062 1437:1452 strain YIM 13062(T) 1437:1455 On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is apparent that strain YIM 13062(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria subflava sp. 26362332 3 34 theme % 513:513 arg1 NBRC 494:497 Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768 480:502 Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) 480:525 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 34 theme % 513:513 arg1 similarity 515:524 97.6 % similarity 508:524 97.6 % similarity 508:524 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 8 35 theme novel 1061:1065 arg1 isolate 1067:1073 the novel isolate 1057:1073 the novel isolate 1057:1073 Major fatty acids of the novel isolate were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C14:0 and C18:1 2OH. 26362332 13 36 theme =KCTC 1613:1617 arg1 T 1625:1625 T 1625:1625 T 1625:1625 The type strain is YIM 13062(T) (=CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547(T)). 26362332 13 36 theme =KCTC 1613:1617 arg1 39547 1619:1623 =CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547 1597:1623 =CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547(T) 1597:1626 The type strain is YIM 13062(T) (=CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547(T)). 26362332 3 37 theme strain 352:357 arg1 T 369:369 T 369:369 T 369:369 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 37 theme strain 352:357 arg1 13062 363:367 strain YIM 13062 352:367 strain YIM 13062(T) 352:370 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 10 38 theme 3768 1292:1295 arg1 T 1297:1297 rosea NBRC 3768(T) 1281:1298 K. rosea NBRC 3768(T) 1278:1298 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM 13062(T) and K. polaris NBRC 103063(T), K. rosea NBRC 3768(T), K. carniphila JCM 14118(T) were 53.2, 48.8 and 42.6 %, respectively. 26362332 7 39 theme unidentified 972:983 arg1 aminolipids 985:995 two unidentified aminolipids 968:995 two unidentified aminolipids (AL) 968:1000 The polar lipids of strain YIM 13062(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unidentified phospholipid (PL), one unidentified aminophospholipid (APL), two unidentified aminolipids (AL) and four unidentified lipids (L). 26362332 2 40 dep positive 102:109 arg1 non-motile 158:167 non-motile 158:167 non-motile 158:167 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus, designated strain YIM 13062(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean. 26362332 2 40 dep positive 102:109 arg1 aerobic 149:155 aerobic 149:155 aerobic 149:155 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus, designated strain YIM 13062(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean. 26362332 2 40 dep positive 102:109 arg1 oxidase-negative 131:146 oxidase-negative 131:146 oxidase-negative 131:146 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus, designated strain YIM 13062(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean. 26362332 2 40 dep positive 102:109 arg1 catalase-positive 112:128 catalase-positive 112:128 catalase-positive 112:128 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus, designated strain YIM 13062(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean. 26362332 3 41 theme Kocuria 531:537 arg1 14118 554:558 Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118 531:558 Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity) 531:581 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 41 theme Kocuria 531:537 arg1 similarity 571:580 97.4 % similarity 564:580 97.4 % similarity 564:580 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 41 theme Kocuria 531:537 arg1 T 560:560 T 560:560 T 560:560 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 10 42 theme rosea 1281:1285 arg1 T 1297:1297 rosea NBRC 3768(T) 1281:1298 K. rosea NBRC 3768(T) 1278:1298 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM 13062(T) and K. polaris NBRC 103063(T), K. rosea NBRC 3768(T), K. carniphila JCM 14118(T) were 53.2, 48.8 and 42.6 %, respectively. 26362332 13 43 theme 4.7252 1604:1609 arg1 T 1625:1625 T 1625:1625 T 1625:1625 The type strain is YIM 13062(T) (=CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547(T)). 26362332 13 43 theme 4.7252 1604:1609 arg1 39547 1619:1623 =CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547 1597:1623 =CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547(T) 1597:1626 The type strain is YIM 13062(T) (=CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547(T)). 26362332 0 44 dep sp 17:18 arg1 subflava 8:15 subflava 8:15 subflava 8:15 Kocuria subflava sp. 26362332 3 45 theme polaris 436:442 arg1 T 456:456 T 456:456 T 456:456 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 45 theme polaris 436:442 arg1 similarity 467:476 97.8 % similarity 460:476 97.8 % similarity 460:476 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 45 theme polaris 436:442 arg1 NBRC 444:447 Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063 428:454 Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity) 428:477 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 13 46 theme T 1611:1611 arg1 T 1625:1625 T 1625:1625 T 1625:1625 The type strain is YIM 13062(T) (=CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547(T)). 26362332 13 46 theme T 1611:1611 arg1 39547 1619:1623 =CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547 1597:1623 =CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547(T) 1597:1626 The type strain is YIM 13062(T) (=CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547(T)). 26362332 2 47 theme positive 102:109 arg1 coccus 169:174 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus 80:174 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus 80:174 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus, designated strain YIM 13062(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean. 26362332 10 48 theme relatedness 1207:1217 arg1 % 1353:1353 53.2, 48.8 and 42.6 % 1333:1353 53.2, 48.8 and 42.6 % 1333:1353 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM 13062(T) and K. polaris NBRC 103063(T), K. rosea NBRC 3768(T), K. carniphila JCM 14118(T) were 53.2, 48.8 and 42.6 %, respectively. 26362332 10 48 theme relatedness 1207:1217 arg1 level 1190:1194 The level 1186:1194 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM 13062(T) and K. polaris NBRC 103063(T), K. rosea NBRC 3768(T), K. carniphila JCM 14118(T) 1186:1326 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM 13062(T) and K. polaris NBRC 103063(T), K. rosea NBRC 3768(T), K. carniphila JCM 14118(T) were 53.2, 48.8 and 42.6 %, respectively. 26362332 2 49 theme novel 82:86 arg1 coccus 169:174 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus 80:174 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus 80:174 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus, designated strain YIM 13062(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean. 26362332 11 50 theme genus 1491:1495 arg1 Kocuria 1497:1503 the genus Kocuria 1487:1503 the genus Kocuria 1487:1503 On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is apparent that strain YIM 13062(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria subflava sp. 26362332 3 51 theme 97.4  564:568 arg1 14118 554:558 Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118 531:558 Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity) 531:581 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 51 theme 97.4  564:568 arg1 similarity 571:580 97.4 % similarity 564:580 97.4 % similarity 564:580 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 2 52 theme marine 229:234 arg1 sample 245:250 a marine sediment sample 227:250 a marine sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean 227:282 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus, designated strain YIM 13062(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean. 26362332 10 53 theme 13062 1238:1242 arg1 T 1244:1244 strain YIM 13062(T) 1227:1245 strain YIM 13062(T) 1227:1245 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM 13062(T) and K. polaris NBRC 103063(T), K. rosea NBRC 3768(T), K. carniphila JCM 14118(T) were 53.2, 48.8 and 42.6 %, respectively. 26362332 10 53 theme 13062 1238:1242 arg1 T 1325:1325 T 1325:1325 T 1325:1325 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM 13062(T) and K. polaris NBRC 103063(T), K. rosea NBRC 3768(T), K. carniphila JCM 14118(T) were 53.2, 48.8 and 42.6 %, respectively. 26362332 7 54 theme 13062 811:815 arg1 lipids 790:795 The polar lipids 780:795 The polar lipids of strain YIM 13062(T) 780:818 The polar lipids of strain YIM 13062(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unidentified phospholipid (PL), one unidentified aminophospholipid (APL), two unidentified aminolipids (AL) and four unidentified lipids (L). 26362332 3 55 theme % 465:465 arg1 NBRC 444:447 Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063 428:454 Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity) 428:477 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 55 theme % 465:465 arg1 similarity 467:476 97.8 % similarity 460:476 97.8 % similarity 460:476 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 4 56 theme 2-4  650:653 arg1 % 654:654 % 654:654 % 654:654 The strain grew optimally at 28 °C, pH 8.0 and in the presence of 2-4 % (w/v) NaCl. 26362332 10 57 theme strain 1227:1232 arg1 T 1244:1244 strain YIM 13062(T) 1227:1245 strain YIM 13062(T) 1227:1245 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM 13062(T) and K. polaris NBRC 103063(T), K. rosea NBRC 3768(T), K. carniphila JCM 14118(T) were 53.2, 48.8 and 42.6 %, respectively. 26362332 10 57 theme strain 1227:1232 arg1 T 1325:1325 T 1325:1325 T 1325:1325 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM 13062(T) and K. polaris NBRC 103063(T), K. rosea NBRC 3768(T), K. carniphila JCM 14118(T) were 53.2, 48.8 and 42.6 %, respectively. 26362332 7 58 theme strain 800:805 arg1 T 817:817 T 817:817 T 817:817 The polar lipids of strain YIM 13062(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unidentified phospholipid (PL), one unidentified aminophospholipid (APL), two unidentified aminolipids (AL) and four unidentified lipids (L). 26362332 7 58 theme strain 800:805 arg1 13062 811:815 strain YIM 13062 800:815 strain YIM 13062(T) 800:818 The polar lipids of strain YIM 13062(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unidentified phospholipid (PL), one unidentified aminophospholipid (APL), two unidentified aminolipids (AL) and four unidentified lipids (L). 26362332 9 59 theme genomic 1124:1130 arg1 % 1183:1183 68.0 mol% 1175:1183 68.0 mol% 1175:1183 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM 13062(T) was 68.0 mol%. 26362332 9 59 theme genomic 1124:1130 arg1 content 1140:1146 The genomic DNA G+C content 1120:1146 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM 13062(T) 1120:1169 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM 13062(T) was 68.0 mol%. 26362332 6 60 theme isoprenoid 732:741 arg1 MK-6 757:760 MK-6 757:760 MK-6 757:760 The major isoprenoid quinones were MK-6(H2) and MK-7(H2). 26362332 6 60 theme isoprenoid 732:741 arg1 quinones 743:750 The major isoprenoid quinones 722:750 The major isoprenoid quinones 722:750 The major isoprenoid quinones were MK-6(H2) and MK-7(H2). 26362332 13 61 theme YIM 1583:1585 arg1 T 1593:1593 T 1593:1593 T 1593:1593 The type strain is YIM 13062(T) (=CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547(T)). 26362332 13 61 theme YIM 1583:1585 arg1 strain 1573:1578 The type strain 1564:1578 The type strain 1564:1578 The type strain is YIM 13062(T) (=CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547(T)). 26362332 13 61 theme YIM 1583:1585 arg1 13062 1587:1591 YIM 13062 1583:1591 YIM 13062(T) (=CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547(T)) 1583:1627 The type strain is YIM 13062(T) (=CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547(T)). 26362332 3 62 theme Kocuria 480:486 arg1 similarity 515:524 97.6 % similarity 508:524 97.6 % similarity 508:524 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 62 theme Kocuria 480:486 arg1 NBRC 494:497 Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768 480:502 Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) 480:525 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 62 theme Kocuria 480:486 arg1 T 504:504 T 504:504 T 504:504 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 9 63 theme G+C 1136:1138 arg1 % 1183:1183 68.0 mol% 1175:1183 68.0 mol% 1175:1183 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM 13062(T) was 68.0 mol%. 26362332 9 63 theme G+C 1136:1138 arg1 content 1140:1146 The genomic DNA G+C content 1120:1146 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM 13062(T) 1120:1169 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM 13062(T) was 68.0 mol%. 26362332 2 64 theme strain 188:193 arg1 T 205:205 T 205:205 T 205:205 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus, designated strain YIM 13062(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean. 26362332 2 64 theme strain 188:193 arg1 13062 199:203 strain YIM 13062 188:203 strain YIM 13062(T) 188:206 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus, designated strain YIM 13062(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean. 26362332 11 65 theme novel 1470:1474 arg1 species 1476:1482 a novel species 1468:1482 a novel species 1468:1482 On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is apparent that strain YIM 13062(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria subflava sp. 26362332 9 66 theme YIM 1158:1160 arg1 T 1168:1168 T 1168:1168 T 1168:1168 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM 13062(T) was 68.0 mol%. 26362332 9 66 theme YIM 1158:1160 arg1 13062 1162:1166 strain YIM 13062 1151:1166 strain YIM 13062(T) 1151:1169 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM 13062(T) was 68.0 mol%. 26362332 2 67 attach isolated 213:220 arg1 sample 245:250 a marine sediment sample 227:250 a marine sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean 227:282 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus, designated strain YIM 13062(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean. 26362332 2 67 attach isolated 213:220 arg2 coccus 169:174 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus 80:174 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus 80:174 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus, designated strain YIM 13062(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean. 26362332 10 68 dep K. 1301:1302 arg1 14118 1319:1323 JCM 14118 1315:1323 K. carniphila JCM 14118 1301:1323 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM 13062(T) and K. polaris NBRC 103063(T), K. rosea NBRC 3768(T), K. carniphila JCM 14118(T) were 53.2, 48.8 and 42.6 %, respectively. 26362332 10 68 dep K. 1301:1302 arg1 carniphila 1304:1313 K. carniphila JCM 14118 1301:1323 K. carniphila JCM 14118 1301:1323 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM 13062(T) and K. polaris NBRC 103063(T), K. rosea NBRC 3768(T), K. carniphila JCM 14118(T) were 53.2, 48.8 and 42.6 %, respectively. 26362332 5 69 theme peptidoglycan 678:690 arg1 type 692:695 Cell-wall peptidoglycan type 668:695 Cell-wall peptidoglycan type 668:695 Cell-wall peptidoglycan type was Lys-Ala3 (type A3α). 26362332 9 70 theme 68.0 mol 1175:1182 arg1 % 1183:1183 68.0 mol% 1175:1183 68.0 mol% 1175:1183 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM 13062(T) was 68.0 mol%. 26362332 9 70 theme 68.0 mol 1175:1182 arg1 content 1140:1146 The genomic DNA G+C content 1120:1146 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM 13062(T) 1120:1169 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM 13062(T) was 68.0 mol%. 26362332 3 71 theme 97.8  460:464 arg1 NBRC 444:447 Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063 428:454 Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity) 428:477 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 71 theme 97.8  460:464 arg1 similarity 467:476 97.8 % similarity 460:476 97.8 % similarity 460:476 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 72 theme rRNA 320:323 arg1 sequences 330:338 16S rRNA gene sequences 316:338 16S rRNA gene sequences 316:338 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 73 theme carniphila 539:548 arg1 14118 554:558 Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118 531:558 Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity) 531:581 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 73 theme carniphila 539:548 arg1 similarity 571:580 97.4 % similarity 564:580 97.4 % similarity 564:580 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 73 theme carniphila 539:548 arg1 T 560:560 T 560:560 T 560:560 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 1 74 attach isolated 27:34 arg1 marine 41:46 marine 41:46 marine 41:46 nov., isolated from marine sediment from the Indian Ocean. 26362332 1 74 attach isolated 27:34 arg2 nov. 21:24 nov. 21:24 nov. 21:24 nov., isolated from marine sediment from the Indian Ocean. 26362332 7 75 theme unidentified 1011:1022 arg1 L 1032:1032 L 1032:1032 L 1032:1032 The polar lipids of strain YIM 13062(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unidentified phospholipid (PL), one unidentified aminophospholipid (APL), two unidentified aminolipids (AL) and four unidentified lipids (L). 26362332 7 75 theme unidentified 1011:1022 arg1 lipids 1024:1029 four unidentified lipids 1006:1029 four unidentified lipids (L) 1006:1033 The polar lipids of strain YIM 13062(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unidentified phospholipid (PL), one unidentified aminophospholipid (APL), two unidentified aminolipids (AL) and four unidentified lipids (L). 26362332 10 76 theme NBRC 1262:1265 arg1 T 1274:1274 polaris NBRC 103063(T) 1254:1275 K. polaris NBRC 103063(T) 1251:1275 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM 13062(T) and K. polaris NBRC 103063(T), K. rosea NBRC 3768(T), K. carniphila JCM 14118(T) were 53.2, 48.8 and 42.6 %, respectively. 26362332 4 77 dep % 654:654 arg1 w/v 657:659 w/v 657:659 w/v 657:659 The strain grew optimally at 28 °C, pH 8.0 and in the presence of 2-4 % (w/v) NaCl. 26362332 8 78 theme Major 1036:1040 arg1 acids 1048:1052 Major fatty acids 1036:1052 Major fatty acids of the novel isolate 1036:1073 Major fatty acids of the novel isolate were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C14:0 and C18:1 2OH. 26362332 3 79 theme 97.6  508:512 arg1 NBRC 494:497 Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768 480:502 Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) 480:525 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 79 theme 97.6  508:512 arg1 similarity 515:524 97.6 % similarity 508:524 97.6 % similarity 508:524 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 11 80 theme YIM 1444:1446 arg1 T 1454:1454 T 1454:1454 T 1454:1454 On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is apparent that strain YIM 13062(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria subflava sp. 26362332 11 80 theme YIM 1444:1446 arg1 13062 1448:1452 strain YIM 13062 1437:1452 strain YIM 13062(T) 1437:1455 On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is apparent that strain YIM 13062(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria subflava sp. 26362332 11 81 dep data 1411:1414 arg1 the 1373:1375 the 1373:1375 the 1373:1375 On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is apparent that strain YIM 13062(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria subflava sp. 26362332 11 81 dep data 1411:1414 arg1 basis 1377:1381 basis 1377:1381 basis 1377:1381 On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is apparent that strain YIM 13062(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria subflava sp. 26362332 3 82 theme genus 387:391 arg1 Kocuria 393:399 the genus Kocuria 383:399 the genus Kocuria 383:399 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 83 theme YIM 359:361 arg1 T 369:369 T 369:369 T 369:369 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 3 83 theme YIM 359:361 arg1 13062 363:367 strain YIM 13062 352:367 strain YIM 13062(T) 352:370 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 13062(T) belongs to the genus Kocuria, and is closely related to Kocuria polaris NBRC 103063(T) (97.8 % similarity), Kocuria rosea NBRC 3768(T) (97.6 % similarity) and Kocuria carniphila JCM 14118(T) (97.4 % similarity). 26362332 2 84 theme YIM 195:197 arg1 T 205:205 T 205:205 T 205:205 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus, designated strain YIM 13062(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean. 26362332 2 84 theme YIM 195:197 arg1 13062 199:203 strain YIM 13062 188:203 strain YIM 13062(T) 188:206 A novel Gram-staining positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccus, designated strain YIM 13062(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean. 26362332 8 85 theme isolate 1067:1073 arg1 acids 1048:1052 Major fatty acids 1036:1052 Major fatty acids of the novel isolate 1036:1073 Major fatty acids of the novel isolate were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C14:0 and C18:1 2OH. 26362332 10 86 theme NBRC 1287:1290 arg1 T 1297:1297 rosea NBRC 3768(T) 1281:1298 K. rosea NBRC 3768(T) 1278:1298 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM 13062(T) and K. polaris NBRC 103063(T), K. rosea NBRC 3768(T), K. carniphila JCM 14118(T) were 53.2, 48.8 and 42.6 %, respectively. 26362332 7 87 dep aminolipids 985:995 arg1 AL 998:999 AL 998:999 AL 998:999 The polar lipids of strain YIM 13062(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unidentified phospholipid (PL), one unidentified aminophospholipid (APL), two unidentified aminolipids (AL) and four unidentified lipids (L). 26362332 13 88 dep 13062 1587:1591 arg1 T 1625:1625 T 1625:1625 T 1625:1625 The type strain is YIM 13062(T) (=CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547(T)). 26362332 13 88 dep 13062 1587:1591 arg1 39547 1619:1623 =CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547 1597:1623 =CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547(T) 1597:1626 The type strain is YIM 13062(T) (=CGMCC 4.7252(T)=KCTC 39547(T)). 26362332 10 89 dep K. 1251:1252 arg1 T 1274:1274 polaris NBRC 103063(T) 1254:1275 K. polaris NBRC 103063(T) 1251:1275 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM 13062(T) and K. polaris NBRC 103063(T), K. rosea NBRC 3768(T), K. carniphila JCM 14118(T) were 53.2, 48.8 and 42.6 %, respectively. 26362332 11 90 theme phenotypic 1400:1409 arg1 data 1411:1414 genotypic and phenotypic data 1386:1414 genotypic and phenotypic data 1386:1414 On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is apparent that strain YIM 13062(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria subflava sp. 28782725 9 0 theme deep 1670:1673 arg1 each 1684:1687 each 1684:1687 each 1684:1687 By combining ACPC- and MSC-laden bioinks, a bioprinted model of articular cartilage was generated, consisting of defined superficial and deep regions, each with distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition. 28782725 9 0 theme deep 1670:1673 arg1 regions 1675:1681 defined superficial and deep regions 1646:1681 defined superficial and deep regions 1646:1681 By combining ACPC- and MSC-laden bioinks, a bioprinted model of articular cartilage was generated, consisting of defined superficial and deep regions, each with distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition. 28782725 7 1 theme expression 1249:1258 arg1 levels 1260:1265 the lowest gene expression levels 1233:1265 the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X 1233:1303 Our data shows ACPCs outperformed chondrocytes in terms of neo-cartilage production and unlike MSCs, ACPCs had the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X, and the highest expression of PRG4, a key factor in joint lubrication. 28782725 10 2 theme multiple 1933:1940 arg1 types 1947:1951 multiple cell types 1933:1951 multiple cell types 1933:1951 Taken together, these results provide important information for the use of ACPC-laden hydrogels in regenerative medicine, and pave the way to the biofabrication of 3D constructs with multiple cell types for cartilage regeneration or in vitro tissue models. 28782725 16 3 theme promising 2972:2980 arg1 source 2987:2992 a promising cell source 2970:2992 a promising cell source for the next generation of cartilage constructs with increased biomimicry 2970:3066 This study provides important cues on ACPCs, indicating they represent a promising cell source for the next generation of cartilage constructs with increased biomimicry. 28782725 3 4 theme adult 575:579 arg1 cells 586:590 adult stem cells 575:590 adult stem cells 575:590 The recent identification of multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells (ACPCs), which share important traits with adult stem cells, represents a new opportunity for cartilage regeneration. 28782725 16 5 theme cartilage 3021:3029 arg1 constructs 3031:3040 cartilage constructs 3021:3040 cartilage constructs with increased biomimicry 3021:3066 This study provides important cues on ACPCs, indicating they represent a promising cell source for the next generation of cartilage constructs with increased biomimicry. 28782725 14 6 contain has 2640:2642 arg1 it 2637:2638 it 2637:2638 it 2637:2638 The ACPC-laden hydrogel is a suitable substrate for chondrogenesis and data shows it has a bias in directing cells towards a superficial zone phenotype. 28782725 14 6 contain has 2640:2642 arg2 bias 2646:2649 a bias 2644:2649 a bias 2644:2649 The ACPC-laden hydrogel is a suitable substrate for chondrogenesis and data shows it has a bias in directing cells towards a superficial zone phenotype. 28782725 10 7 theme cartilage 1957:1965 arg1 regeneration 1967:1978 cartilage regeneration 1957:1978 cartilage regeneration 1957:1978 Taken together, these results provide important information for the use of ACPC-laden hydrogels in regenerative medicine, and pave the way to the biofabrication of 3D constructs with multiple cell types for cartilage regeneration or in vitro tissue models. 28782725 9 8 theme cellular 1703:1710 arg1 composition 1737:1747 distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition 1694:1747 distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition 1694:1747 By combining ACPC- and MSC-laden bioinks, a bioprinted model of articular cartilage was generated, consisting of defined superficial and deep regions, each with distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition. 28782725 11 9 theme articular 2072:2080 arg1 cartilage 2082:2090 articular cartilage 2072:2090 articular cartilage 2072:2090 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Despite its limited ability to repair, articular cartilage harbors an endogenous population of progenitor cells (ACPCs), that to date, received limited attention in biomaterials and tissue engineering applications. 28782725 9 10 theme extracellular 1716:1728 arg1 composition 1737:1747 distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition 1694:1747 distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition 1694:1747 By combining ACPC- and MSC-laden bioinks, a bioprinted model of articular cartilage was generated, consisting of defined superficial and deep regions, each with distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition. 28782725 10 11 theme ACPC-laden 1825:1834 arg1 hydrogels 1836:1844 ACPC-laden hydrogels 1825:1844 ACPC-laden hydrogels 1825:1844 Taken together, these results provide important information for the use of ACPC-laden hydrogels in regenerative medicine, and pave the way to the biofabrication of 3D constructs with multiple cell types for cartilage regeneration or in vitro tissue models. 28782725 15 12 with combination 2788:2798 arg1 MSCs 2822:2825 MSCs 2822:2825 MSCs 2822:2825 For the first time, ACPC-hydrogels are evaluated both as alternative for and in combination with chondrocytes and MSCs, using co-cultures and bioprinting for cartilage regeneration in vitro. 28782725 15 12 with combination 2788:2798 arg1 chondrocytes 2805:2816 chondrocytes 2805:2816 chondrocytes 2805:2816 For the first time, ACPC-hydrogels are evaluated both as alternative for and in combination with chondrocytes and MSCs, using co-cultures and bioprinting for cartilage regeneration in vitro. 28782725 12 13 dep bioprinting 2430:2440 arg1 e.g. 2425:2428 e.g. 2425:2428 e.g. 2425:2428 Harnessing the potential of these cells in 3D hydrogels can open new avenues for biomaterial-based regenerative therapies, especially with advanced biofabrication technologies (e.g. bioprinting). 28782725 14 14 theme superficial 2680:2690 arg1 phenotype 2697:2705 a superficial zone phenotype 2678:2705 a superficial zone phenotype 2678:2705 The ACPC-laden hydrogel is a suitable substrate for chondrogenesis and data shows it has a bias in directing cells towards a superficial zone phenotype. 28782725 8 15 theme generating 1446:1455 arg1 constructs 1457:1466 generating constructs 1446:1466 generating constructs 1446:1466 Co-cultures of the cell types in multi-compartment hydrogels allowed generating constructs with a layered distribution of collagens and glycosaminoglycans. 28782725 11 16 theme progenitor 2128:2137 arg1 ACPCs 2146:2150 ACPCs 2146:2150 ACPCs 2146:2150 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Despite its limited ability to repair, articular cartilage harbors an endogenous population of progenitor cells (ACPCs), that to date, received limited attention in biomaterials and tissue engineering applications. 28782725 11 16 theme progenitor 2128:2137 arg1 cells 2139:2143 progenitor cells 2128:2143 progenitor cells (ACPCs) 2128:2151 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Despite its limited ability to repair, articular cartilage harbors an endogenous population of progenitor cells (ACPCs), that to date, received limited attention in biomaterials and tissue engineering applications. 28782725 12 17 theme advanced 2387:2394 arg1 technologies 2411:2422 advanced biofabrication technologies 2387:2422 advanced biofabrication technologies (e.g. bioprinting) 2387:2441 Harnessing the potential of these cells in 3D hydrogels can open new avenues for biomaterial-based regenerative therapies, especially with advanced biofabrication technologies (e.g. bioprinting). 28782725 7 18 theme joint 1358:1362 arg1 lubrication 1364:1374 joint lubrication 1358:1374 joint lubrication 1358:1374 Our data shows ACPCs outperformed chondrocytes in terms of neo-cartilage production and unlike MSCs, ACPCs had the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X, and the highest expression of PRG4, a key factor in joint lubrication. 28782725 13 19 theme gelatin-based 2520:2532 arg1 hydrogel 2534:2541 a gelatin-based hydrogel 2518:2541 a gelatin-based hydrogel 2518:2541 This study highlights the potential of ACPCs to generate neo-cartilage in a gelatin-based hydrogel and bioink. 28782725 3 20 theme new 606:608 arg1 opportunity 610:620 a new opportunity 604:620 a new opportunity for cartilage regeneration 604:647 The recent identification of multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells (ACPCs), which share important traits with adult stem cells, represents a new opportunity for cartilage regeneration. 28782725 1 21 theme Cell-laden 121:130 arg1 hydrogels 132:140 Cell-laden hydrogels 121:140 Cell-laden hydrogels 121:140 Cell-laden hydrogels are the primary building blocks for bioprinting, and, also termed bioinks, are the foundations for creating structures that can potentially recapitulate the architecture of articular cartilage. 28782725 1 21 theme Cell-laden 121:130 arg1 blocks 167:172 the primary building blocks 146:172 the primary building blocks for bioprinting 146:188 Cell-laden hydrogels are the primary building blocks for bioprinting, and, also termed bioinks, are the foundations for creating structures that can potentially recapitulate the architecture of articular cartilage. 28782725 8 22 theme layered 1475:1481 arg1 distribution 1483:1494 a layered distribution 1473:1494 a layered distribution of collagens and glycosaminoglycans 1473:1530 Co-cultures of the cell types in multi-compartment hydrogels allowed generating constructs with a layered distribution of collagens and glycosaminoglycans. 28782725 15 23 theme cartilage 2866:2874 arg1 regeneration 2876:2887 cartilage regeneration 2866:2887 cartilage regeneration in vitro 2866:2896 For the first time, ACPC-hydrogels are evaluated both as alternative for and in combination with chondrocytes and MSCs, using co-cultures and bioprinting for cartilage regeneration in vitro. 28782725 11 24 theme SIGNIFICANCE 2020:2031 arg1 STATEMENT 2007:2015 STATEMENT 2007:2015 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE 2007:2031 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Despite its limited ability to repair, articular cartilage harbors an endogenous population of progenitor cells (ACPCs), that to date, received limited attention in biomaterials and tissue engineering applications. 28782725 6 25 theme stromal 1054:1060 arg1 MSCs 1069:1072 MSCs 1069:1072 MSCs 1069:1072 Gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA)-based hydrogels were used to culture ACPCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes, and as bioinks for printing. 28782725 6 25 theme stromal 1054:1060 arg1 cells 1062:1066 bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells 1030:1066 bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) 1030:1073 Gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA)-based hydrogels were used to culture ACPCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes, and as bioinks for printing. 28782725 1 26 theme primary 150:156 arg1 hydrogels 132:140 Cell-laden hydrogels 121:140 Cell-laden hydrogels 121:140 Cell-laden hydrogels are the primary building blocks for bioprinting, and, also termed bioinks, are the foundations for creating structures that can potentially recapitulate the architecture of articular cartilage. 28782725 1 26 theme primary 150:156 arg1 blocks 167:172 the primary building blocks 146:172 the primary building blocks for bioprinting 146:188 Cell-laden hydrogels are the primary building blocks for bioprinting, and, also termed bioinks, are the foundations for creating structures that can potentially recapitulate the architecture of articular cartilage. 28782725 3 27 theme articular 479:487 arg1 ACPCs 533:537 ACPCs 533:537 ACPCs 533:537 The recent identification of multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells (ACPCs), which share important traits with adult stem cells, represents a new opportunity for cartilage regeneration. 28782725 3 27 theme articular 479:487 arg1 cells 526:530 multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells 467:530 multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells (ACPCs) 467:538 The recent identification of multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells (ACPCs), which share important traits with adult stem cells, represents a new opportunity for cartilage regeneration. 28782725 7 28 theme gene 1244:1247 arg1 levels 1260:1265 the lowest gene expression levels 1233:1265 the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X 1233:1303 Our data shows ACPCs outperformed chondrocytes in terms of neo-cartilage production and unlike MSCs, ACPCs had the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X, and the highest expression of PRG4, a key factor in joint lubrication. 28782725 7 29 theme neo-cartilage 1181:1193 arg1 production 1195:1204 neo-cartilage production 1181:1204 neo-cartilage production 1181:1204 Our data shows ACPCs outperformed chondrocytes in terms of neo-cartilage production and unlike MSCs, ACPCs had the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X, and the highest expression of PRG4, a key factor in joint lubrication. 28782725 9 30 theme ACPC- 1546:1550 arg1 bioinks 1566:1572 ACPC- and MSC-laden bioinks 1546:1572 ACPC- and MSC-laden bioinks 1546:1572 By combining ACPC- and MSC-laden bioinks, a bioprinted model of articular cartilage was generated, consisting of defined superficial and deep regions, each with distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition. 28782725 6 31 theme marrow 1035:1040 arg1 MSCs 1069:1072 MSCs 1069:1072 MSCs 1069:1072 Gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA)-based hydrogels were used to culture ACPCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes, and as bioinks for printing. 28782725 6 31 theme marrow 1035:1040 arg1 cells 1062:1066 bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells 1030:1066 bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) 1030:1073 Gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA)-based hydrogels were used to culture ACPCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes, and as bioinks for printing. 28782725 7 32 from chondrocytes 1156:1167 arg1 terms 1172:1176 terms 1172:1176 terms of neo-cartilage production 1172:1204 Our data shows ACPCs outperformed chondrocytes in terms of neo-cartilage production and unlike MSCs, ACPCs had the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X, and the highest expression of PRG4, a key factor in joint lubrication. 28782725 13 33 from neo-cartilage 2501:2513 arg1 bioink 2547:2552 bioink 2547:2552 bioink 2547:2552 This study highlights the potential of ACPCs to generate neo-cartilage in a gelatin-based hydrogel and bioink. 28782725 13 33 from neo-cartilage 2501:2513 arg1 hydrogel 2534:2541 a gelatin-based hydrogel 2518:2541 a gelatin-based hydrogel 2518:2541 This study highlights the potential of ACPCs to generate neo-cartilage in a gelatin-based hydrogel and bioink. 28782725 5 34 theme matrix 938:943 arg1 production 945:954 zone-specific matrix production 924:954 zone-specific matrix production 924:954 This study aimed to investigate the potential of ACPCs in hydrogels for cartilage regeneration and biofabrication, and to evaluate their ability for zone-specific matrix production. 28782725 0 35 theme articular 75:83 arg1 cells 114:118 articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells 75:118 articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells 75:118 The bio in the ink: cartilage regeneration with bioprintable hydrogels and articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells. 28782725 10 36 theme important 1788:1796 arg1 information 1798:1808 important information 1788:1808 important information for the use of ACPC-laden hydrogels in regenerative medicine 1788:1869 Taken together, these results provide important information for the use of ACPC-laden hydrogels in regenerative medicine, and pave the way to the biofabrication of 3D constructs with multiple cell types for cartilage regeneration or in vitro tissue models. 28782725 6 37 theme culture 1015:1021 arg1 ACPCs 1023:1027 culture ACPCs 1015:1027 culture ACPCs 1015:1027 Gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA)-based hydrogels were used to culture ACPCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes, and as bioinks for printing. 28782725 10 38 dep in 1983:1984 arg1 vitro 1986:1990 vitro 1986:1990 vitro 1986:1990 Taken together, these results provide important information for the use of ACPC-laden hydrogels in regenerative medicine, and pave the way to the biofabrication of 3D constructs with multiple cell types for cartilage regeneration or in vitro tissue models. 28782725 2 39 theme encapsulated 418:429 arg1 cells 431:435 encapsulated cells 418:435 encapsulated cells 418:435 To be functional, hydrogel constructs need to unlock the regenerative capacity of encapsulated cells. 28782725 12 40 theme cells 2282:2286 arg1 potential 2263:2271 the potential 2259:2271 the potential of these cells in 3D hydrogels 2259:2302 Harnessing the potential of these cells in 3D hydrogels can open new avenues for biomaterial-based regenerative therapies, especially with advanced biofabrication technologies (e.g. bioprinting). 28782725 2 41 theme regenerative 393:404 arg1 capacity 406:413 the regenerative capacity 389:413 the regenerative capacity of encapsulated cells 389:435 To be functional, hydrogel constructs need to unlock the regenerative capacity of encapsulated cells. 28782725 0 42 theme progenitor 103:112 arg1 cells 114:118 articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells 75:118 articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells 75:118 The bio in the ink: cartilage regeneration with bioprintable hydrogels and articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells. 28782725 9 43 theme bioprinted 1577:1586 arg1 model 1588:1592 a bioprinted model 1575:1592 a bioprinted model of articular cartilage 1575:1615 By combining ACPC- and MSC-laden bioinks, a bioprinted model of articular cartilage was generated, consisting of defined superficial and deep regions, each with distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition. 28782725 7 44 from factor 1348:1353 arg1 lubrication 1364:1374 joint lubrication 1358:1374 joint lubrication 1358:1374 Our data shows ACPCs outperformed chondrocytes in terms of neo-cartilage production and unlike MSCs, ACPCs had the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X, and the highest expression of PRG4, a key factor in joint lubrication. 28782725 0 45 theme bioprintable 48:59 arg1 hydrogels 61:69 bioprintable hydrogels 48:69 bioprintable hydrogels 48:69 The bio in the ink: cartilage regeneration with bioprintable hydrogels and articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells. 28782725 2 46 theme cells 431:435 arg1 capacity 406:413 the regenerative capacity 389:413 the regenerative capacity of encapsulated cells 389:435 To be functional, hydrogel constructs need to unlock the regenerative capacity of encapsulated cells. 28782725 5 47 theme cartilage 847:855 arg1 regeneration 857:868 cartilage regeneration 847:868 cartilage regeneration 847:868 This study aimed to investigate the potential of ACPCs in hydrogels for cartilage regeneration and biofabrication, and to evaluate their ability for zone-specific matrix production. 28782725 9 48 theme cartilage 1607:1615 arg1 model 1588:1592 a bioprinted model 1575:1592 a bioprinted model of articular cartilage 1575:1615 By combining ACPC- and MSC-laden bioinks, a bioprinted model of articular cartilage was generated, consisting of defined superficial and deep regions, each with distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition. 28782725 7 49 theme highest 1314:1320 arg1 expression 1322:1331 the highest expression 1310:1331 the highest expression of PRG4, a key factor in joint lubrication 1310:1374 Our data shows ACPCs outperformed chondrocytes in terms of neo-cartilage production and unlike MSCs, ACPCs had the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X, and the highest expression of PRG4, a key factor in joint lubrication. 28782725 11 50 theme tissue 2215:2220 arg1 applications 2234:2245 tissue engineering applications 2215:2245 tissue engineering applications 2215:2245 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Despite its limited ability to repair, articular cartilage harbors an endogenous population of progenitor cells (ACPCs), that to date, received limited attention in biomaterials and tissue engineering applications. 28782725 11 51 theme engineering 2222:2232 arg1 applications 2234:2245 tissue engineering applications 2215:2245 tissue engineering applications 2215:2245 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Despite its limited ability to repair, articular cartilage harbors an endogenous population of progenitor cells (ACPCs), that to date, received limited attention in biomaterials and tissue engineering applications. 28782725 8 52 theme types 1401:1405 arg1 Co-cultures 1377:1387 Co-cultures 1377:1387 Co-cultures of the cell types in multi-compartment hydrogels 1377:1436 Co-cultures of the cell types in multi-compartment hydrogels allowed generating constructs with a layered distribution of collagens and glycosaminoglycans. 28782725 11 53 from attention 2185:2193 arg1 applications 2234:2245 tissue engineering applications 2215:2245 tissue engineering applications 2215:2245 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Despite its limited ability to repair, articular cartilage harbors an endogenous population of progenitor cells (ACPCs), that to date, received limited attention in biomaterials and tissue engineering applications. 28782725 11 53 from attention 2185:2193 arg1 biomaterials 2198:2209 biomaterials 2198:2209 biomaterials 2198:2209 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Despite its limited ability to repair, articular cartilage harbors an endogenous population of progenitor cells (ACPCs), that to date, received limited attention in biomaterials and tissue engineering applications. 28782725 5 54 theme ACPCs 824:828 arg1 potential 811:819 the potential 807:819 the potential of ACPCs in hydrogels for cartilage regeneration and biofabrication 807:887 This study aimed to investigate the potential of ACPCs in hydrogels for cartilage regeneration and biofabrication, and to evaluate their ability for zone-specific matrix production. 28782725 1 55 theme articular 315:323 arg1 cartilage 325:333 articular cartilage 315:333 articular cartilage 315:333 Cell-laden hydrogels are the primary building blocks for bioprinting, and, also termed bioinks, are the foundations for creating structures that can potentially recapitulate the architecture of articular cartilage. 28782725 12 56 theme new 2313:2315 arg1 avenues 2317:2323 new avenues 2313:2323 new avenues for biomaterial-based regenerative therapies 2313:2368 Harnessing the potential of these cells in 3D hydrogels can open new avenues for biomaterial-based regenerative therapies, especially with advanced biofabrication technologies (e.g. bioprinting). 28782725 7 57 theme X 1303:1303 arg1 levels 1260:1265 the lowest gene expression levels 1233:1265 the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X 1233:1303 Our data shows ACPCs outperformed chondrocytes in terms of neo-cartilage production and unlike MSCs, ACPCs had the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X, and the highest expression of PRG4, a key factor in joint lubrication. 28782725 10 58 theme 3D 1914:1915 arg1 constructs 1917:1926 3D constructs 1914:1926 3D constructs with multiple cell types 1914:1951 Taken together, these results provide important information for the use of ACPC-laden hydrogels in regenerative medicine, and pave the way to the biofabrication of 3D constructs with multiple cell types for cartilage regeneration or in vitro tissue models. 28782725 8 59 theme multi-compartment 1410:1426 arg1 hydrogels 1428:1436 multi-compartment hydrogels 1410:1436 multi-compartment hydrogels 1410:1436 Co-cultures of the cell types in multi-compartment hydrogels allowed generating constructs with a layered distribution of collagens and glycosaminoglycans. 28782725 3 60 theme chondroprogenitor 508:524 arg1 ACPCs 533:537 ACPCs 533:537 ACPCs 533:537 The recent identification of multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells (ACPCs), which share important traits with adult stem cells, represents a new opportunity for cartilage regeneration. 28782725 3 60 theme chondroprogenitor 508:524 arg1 cells 526:530 multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells 467:530 multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells (ACPCs) 467:538 The recent identification of multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells (ACPCs), which share important traits with adult stem cells, represents a new opportunity for cartilage regeneration. 28782725 9 61 theme defined 1646:1652 arg1 each 1684:1687 each 1684:1687 each 1684:1687 By combining ACPC- and MSC-laden bioinks, a bioprinted model of articular cartilage was generated, consisting of defined superficial and deep regions, each with distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition. 28782725 9 61 theme defined 1646:1652 arg1 regions 1675:1681 defined superficial and deep regions 1646:1681 defined superficial and deep regions 1646:1681 By combining ACPC- and MSC-laden bioinks, a bioprinted model of articular cartilage was generated, consisting of defined superficial and deep regions, each with distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition. 28782725 7 62 theme collagen 1289:1296 arg1 X 1303:1303 hypertrophy marker collagen type X 1270:1303 hypertrophy marker collagen type X 1270:1303 Our data shows ACPCs outperformed chondrocytes in terms of neo-cartilage production and unlike MSCs, ACPCs had the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X, and the highest expression of PRG4, a key factor in joint lubrication. 28782725 0 63 link cartilage-derived 85:101 arg1 cells 114:118 articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells 75:118 articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells 75:118 The bio in the ink: cartilage regeneration with bioprintable hydrogels and articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells. 28782725 7 64 theme hypertrophy 1270:1280 arg1 X 1303:1303 hypertrophy marker collagen type X 1270:1303 hypertrophy marker collagen type X 1270:1303 Our data shows ACPCs outperformed chondrocytes in terms of neo-cartilage production and unlike MSCs, ACPCs had the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X, and the highest expression of PRG4, a key factor in joint lubrication. 28782725 10 65 theme cell 1942:1945 arg1 types 1947:1951 multiple cell types 1933:1951 multiple cell types 1933:1951 Taken together, these results provide important information for the use of ACPC-laden hydrogels in regenerative medicine, and pave the way to the biofabrication of 3D constructs with multiple cell types for cartilage regeneration or in vitro tissue models. 28782725 2 66 theme hydrogel 354:361 arg1 constructs 363:372 hydrogel constructs 354:372 hydrogel constructs 354:372 To be functional, hydrogel constructs need to unlock the regenerative capacity of encapsulated cells. 28782725 16 67 theme cell 2982:2985 arg1 source 2987:2992 a promising cell source 2970:2992 a promising cell source for the next generation of cartilage constructs with increased biomimicry 2970:3066 This study provides important cues on ACPCs, indicating they represent a promising cell source for the next generation of cartilage constructs with increased biomimicry. 28782725 11 68 theme limited 2045:2051 arg1 ability 2053:2059 its limited ability 2041:2059 its limited ability to repair 2041:2069 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Despite its limited ability to repair, articular cartilage harbors an endogenous population of progenitor cells (ACPCs), that to date, received limited attention in biomaterials and tissue engineering applications. 28782725 5 69 theme zone-specific 924:936 arg1 production 945:954 zone-specific matrix production 924:954 zone-specific matrix production 924:954 This study aimed to investigate the potential of ACPCs in hydrogels for cartilage regeneration and biofabrication, and to evaluate their ability for zone-specific matrix production. 28782725 3 70 theme important 553:561 arg1 traits 563:568 important traits 553:568 important traits 553:568 The recent identification of multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells (ACPCs), which share important traits with adult stem cells, represents a new opportunity for cartilage regeneration. 28782725 0 71 theme cartilage 20:28 arg1 regeneration 30:41 cartilage regeneration 20:41 The bio in the ink: cartilage regeneration with bioprintable hydrogels and articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells. 0:119 The bio in the ink: cartilage regeneration with bioprintable hydrogels and articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells. 28782725 9 72 theme distinct 1694:1701 arg1 composition 1737:1747 distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition 1694:1747 distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition 1694:1747 By combining ACPC- and MSC-laden bioinks, a bioprinted model of articular cartilage was generated, consisting of defined superficial and deep regions, each with distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition. 28782725 16 73 theme next 3002:3005 arg1 generation 3007:3016 the next generation 2998:3016 the next generation of cartilage constructs with increased biomimicry 2998:3066 This study provides important cues on ACPCs, indicating they represent a promising cell source for the next generation of cartilage constructs with increased biomimicry. 28782725 12 74 from potential 2263:2271 arg1 hydrogels 2294:2302 3D hydrogels 2291:2302 3D hydrogels 2291:2302 Harnessing the potential of these cells in 3D hydrogels can open new avenues for biomaterial-based regenerative therapies, especially with advanced biofabrication technologies (e.g. bioprinting). 28782725 10 75 theme tissue 1992:1997 arg1 models 1999:2004 in vitro tissue models 1983:2004 in vitro tissue models 1983:2004 Taken together, these results provide important information for the use of ACPC-laden hydrogels in regenerative medicine, and pave the way to the biofabrication of 3D constructs with multiple cell types for cartilage regeneration or in vitro tissue models. 28782725 16 76 theme important 2919:2927 arg1 cues 2929:2932 important cues 2919:2932 important cues 2919:2932 This study provides important cues on ACPCs, indicating they represent a promising cell source for the next generation of cartilage constructs with increased biomimicry. 28782725 3 77 theme stem 581:584 arg1 cells 586:590 adult stem cells 575:590 adult stem cells 575:590 The recent identification of multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells (ACPCs), which share important traits with adult stem cells, represents a new opportunity for cartilage regeneration. 28782725 14 78 theme zone 2692:2695 arg1 phenotype 2697:2705 a superficial zone phenotype 2678:2705 a superficial zone phenotype 2678:2705 The ACPC-laden hydrogel is a suitable substrate for chondrogenesis and data shows it has a bias in directing cells towards a superficial zone phenotype. 28782725 9 79 theme matrix 1730:1735 arg1 composition 1737:1747 distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition 1694:1747 distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition 1694:1747 By combining ACPC- and MSC-laden bioinks, a bioprinted model of articular cartilage was generated, consisting of defined superficial and deep regions, each with distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition. 28782725 9 80 theme MSC-laden 1556:1564 arg1 bioinks 1566:1572 ACPC- and MSC-laden bioinks 1546:1572 ACPC- and MSC-laden bioinks 1546:1572 By combining ACPC- and MSC-laden bioinks, a bioprinted model of articular cartilage was generated, consisting of defined superficial and deep regions, each with distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition. 28782725 10 81 theme in 1983:1984 arg1 models 1999:2004 in vitro tissue models 1983:2004 in vitro tissue models 1983:2004 Taken together, these results provide important information for the use of ACPC-laden hydrogels in regenerative medicine, and pave the way to the biofabrication of 3D constructs with multiple cell types for cartilage regeneration or in vitro tissue models. 28782725 10 82 theme regenerative 1849:1860 arg1 medicine 1862:1869 regenerative medicine 1849:1869 regenerative medicine 1849:1869 Taken together, these results provide important information for the use of ACPC-laden hydrogels in regenerative medicine, and pave the way to the biofabrication of 3D constructs with multiple cell types for cartilage regeneration or in vitro tissue models. 28782725 1 83 theme termed 201:206 arg1 foundations 225:235 the foundations 221:235 the foundations for creating structures that can potentially recapitulate the architecture of articular cartilage 221:333 Cell-laden hydrogels are the primary building blocks for bioprinting, and, also termed bioinks, are the foundations for creating structures that can potentially recapitulate the architecture of articular cartilage. 28782725 1 83 theme termed 201:206 arg1 bioinks 208:214 also termed bioinks 196:214 also termed bioinks 196:214 Cell-laden hydrogels are the primary building blocks for bioprinting, and, also termed bioinks, are the foundations for creating structures that can potentially recapitulate the architecture of articular cartilage. 28782725 6 84 theme -based 985:990 arg1 hydrogels 992:1000 Gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA)-based hydrogels 957:1000 Gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA)-based hydrogels 957:1000 Gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA)-based hydrogels were used to culture ACPCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes, and as bioinks for printing. 28782725 12 85 theme biofabrication 2396:2409 arg1 technologies 2411:2422 advanced biofabrication technologies 2387:2422 advanced biofabrication technologies (e.g. bioprinting) 2387:2441 Harnessing the potential of these cells in 3D hydrogels can open new avenues for biomaterial-based regenerative therapies, especially with advanced biofabrication technologies (e.g. bioprinting). 28782725 16 86 with constructs 3031:3040 arg1 biomimicry 3057:3066 increased biomimicry 3047:3066 increased biomimicry 3047:3066 This study provides important cues on ACPCs, indicating they represent a promising cell source for the next generation of cartilage constructs with increased biomimicry. 28782725 15 87 theme first 2716:2720 arg1 time 2722:2725 the first time 2712:2725 the first time 2712:2725 For the first time, ACPC-hydrogels are evaluated both as alternative for and in combination with chondrocytes and MSCs, using co-cultures and bioprinting for cartilage regeneration in vitro. 28782725 10 88 theme hydrogels 1836:1844 arg1 use 1818:1820 the use 1814:1820 the use of ACPC-laden hydrogels in regenerative medicine 1814:1869 Taken together, these results provide important information for the use of ACPC-laden hydrogels in regenerative medicine, and pave the way to the biofabrication of 3D constructs with multiple cell types for cartilage regeneration or in vitro tissue models. 28782725 11 89 theme cells 2139:2143 arg1 population 2114:2123 an endogenous population 2100:2123 an endogenous population 2100:2123 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Despite its limited ability to repair, articular cartilage harbors an endogenous population of progenitor cells (ACPCs), that to date, received limited attention in biomaterials and tissue engineering applications. 28782725 12 90 theme regenerative 2347:2358 arg1 therapies 2360:2368 biomaterial-based regenerative therapies 2329:2368 biomaterial-based regenerative therapies 2329:2368 Harnessing the potential of these cells in 3D hydrogels can open new avenues for biomaterial-based regenerative therapies, especially with advanced biofabrication technologies (e.g. bioprinting). 28782725 6 91 used used 1007:1010 arg2 hydrogels 992:1000 Gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA)-based hydrogels 957:1000 Gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA)-based hydrogels 957:1000 Gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA)-based hydrogels were used to culture ACPCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes, and as bioinks for printing. 28782725 8 92 theme collagens 1499:1507 arg1 distribution 1483:1494 a layered distribution 1473:1494 a layered distribution of collagens and glycosaminoglycans 1473:1530 Co-cultures of the cell types in multi-compartment hydrogels allowed generating constructs with a layered distribution of collagens and glycosaminoglycans. 28782725 7 93 theme lowest 1237:1242 arg1 levels 1260:1265 the lowest gene expression levels 1233:1265 the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X 1233:1303 Our data shows ACPCs outperformed chondrocytes in terms of neo-cartilage production and unlike MSCs, ACPCs had the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X, and the highest expression of PRG4, a key factor in joint lubrication. 28782725 3 94 theme cartilage 626:634 arg1 regeneration 636:647 cartilage regeneration 626:647 cartilage regeneration 626:647 The recent identification of multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells (ACPCs), which share important traits with adult stem cells, represents a new opportunity for cartilage regeneration. 28782725 6 95 theme mesenchymal 1042:1052 arg1 MSCs 1069:1072 MSCs 1069:1072 MSCs 1069:1072 Gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA)-based hydrogels were used to culture ACPCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes, and as bioinks for printing. 28782725 6 95 theme mesenchymal 1042:1052 arg1 cells 1062:1066 bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells 1030:1066 bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) 1030:1073 Gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA)-based hydrogels were used to culture ACPCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes, and as bioinks for printing. 28782725 8 96 theme glycosaminoglycans 1513:1530 arg1 distribution 1483:1494 a layered distribution 1473:1494 a layered distribution of collagens and glycosaminoglycans 1473:1530 Co-cultures of the cell types in multi-compartment hydrogels allowed generating constructs with a layered distribution of collagens and glycosaminoglycans. 28782725 7 97 theme key 1344:1346 arg1 factor 1348:1353 a key factor 1342:1353 a key factor in joint lubrication 1342:1374 Our data shows ACPCs outperformed chondrocytes in terms of neo-cartilage production and unlike MSCs, ACPCs had the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X, and the highest expression of PRG4, a key factor in joint lubrication. 28782725 7 97 theme key 1344:1346 arg1 PRG4 1336:1339 PRG4 1336:1339 PRG4 1336:1339 Our data shows ACPCs outperformed chondrocytes in terms of neo-cartilage production and unlike MSCs, ACPCs had the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X, and the highest expression of PRG4, a key factor in joint lubrication. 28782725 4 98 theme ACPCs 700:704 arg1 suitability 685:695 the suitability 681:695 the suitability of ACPCs for tissue engineering 681:727 However, little is known about the suitability of ACPCs for tissue engineering, especially in combination with biomaterials. 28782725 10 99 with constructs 1917:1926 arg1 types 1947:1951 multiple cell types 1933:1951 multiple cell types 1933:1951 Taken together, these results provide important information for the use of ACPC-laden hydrogels in regenerative medicine, and pave the way to the biofabrication of 3D constructs with multiple cell types for cartilage regeneration or in vitro tissue models. 28782725 5 100 from ACPCs 824:828 arg1 hydrogels 833:841 hydrogels 833:841 hydrogels 833:841 This study aimed to investigate the potential of ACPCs in hydrogels for cartilage regeneration and biofabrication, and to evaluate their ability for zone-specific matrix production. 28782725 1 101 theme building 158:165 arg1 hydrogels 132:140 Cell-laden hydrogels 121:140 Cell-laden hydrogels 121:140 Cell-laden hydrogels are the primary building blocks for bioprinting, and, also termed bioinks, are the foundations for creating structures that can potentially recapitulate the architecture of articular cartilage. 28782725 1 101 theme building 158:165 arg1 blocks 167:172 the primary building blocks 146:172 the primary building blocks for bioprinting 146:188 Cell-laden hydrogels are the primary building blocks for bioprinting, and, also termed bioinks, are the foundations for creating structures that can potentially recapitulate the architecture of articular cartilage. 28782725 6 102 theme bone 1030:1033 arg1 marrow 1035:1040 bone marrow 1030:1040 bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) 1030:1073 Gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA)-based hydrogels were used to culture ACPCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes, and as bioinks for printing. 28782725 11 103 theme endogenous 2103:2112 arg1 population 2114:2123 an endogenous population 2100:2123 an endogenous population 2100:2123 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Despite its limited ability to repair, articular cartilage harbors an endogenous population of progenitor cells (ACPCs), that to date, received limited attention in biomaterials and tissue engineering applications. 28782725 0 104 from bio 4:6 arg1 ink 15:17 the ink 11:17 the ink 11:17 The bio in the ink: cartilage regeneration with bioprintable hydrogels and articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells. 28782725 4 105 theme tissue 710:715 arg1 engineering 717:727 tissue engineering 710:727 tissue engineering 710:727 However, little is known about the suitability of ACPCs for tissue engineering, especially in combination with biomaterials. 28782725 0 106 theme cartilage-derived 85:101 arg1 cells 114:118 articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells 75:118 articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells 75:118 The bio in the ink: cartilage regeneration with bioprintable hydrogels and articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells. 28782725 5 107 from potential 811:819 arg1 hydrogels 833:841 hydrogels 833:841 hydrogels 833:841 This study aimed to investigate the potential of ACPCs in hydrogels for cartilage regeneration and biofabrication, and to evaluate their ability for zone-specific matrix production. 28782725 13 108 theme ACPCs 2483:2487 arg1 potential 2470:2478 the potential 2466:2478 the potential of ACPCs to generate neo-cartilage in a gelatin-based hydrogel and bioink 2466:2552 This study highlights the potential of ACPCs to generate neo-cartilage in a gelatin-based hydrogel and bioink. 28782725 10 109 from use 1818:1820 arg1 medicine 1862:1869 regenerative medicine 1849:1869 regenerative medicine 1849:1869 Taken together, these results provide important information for the use of ACPC-laden hydrogels in regenerative medicine, and pave the way to the biofabrication of 3D constructs with multiple cell types for cartilage regeneration or in vitro tissue models. 28782725 12 110 theme 3D 2291:2292 arg1 hydrogels 2294:2302 3D hydrogels 2291:2302 3D hydrogels 2291:2302 Harnessing the potential of these cells in 3D hydrogels can open new avenues for biomaterial-based regenerative therapies, especially with advanced biofabrication technologies (e.g. bioprinting). 28782725 7 111 theme PRG4 1336:1339 arg1 ACPCs 1223:1227 ACPCs 1223:1227 ACPCs had the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X 1223:1303 Our data shows ACPCs outperformed chondrocytes in terms of neo-cartilage production and unlike MSCs, ACPCs had the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X, and the highest expression of PRG4, a key factor in joint lubrication. 28782725 7 111 theme PRG4 1336:1339 arg1 expression 1322:1331 the highest expression 1310:1331 the highest expression of PRG4, a key factor in joint lubrication 1310:1374 Our data shows ACPCs outperformed chondrocytes in terms of neo-cartilage production and unlike MSCs, ACPCs had the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X, and the highest expression of PRG4, a key factor in joint lubrication. 28782725 7 111 theme PRG4 1336:1339 arg1 ACPCs 1137:1141 ACPCs 1137:1141 ACPCs outperformed chondrocytes in terms of neo-cartilage production and unlike MSCs 1137:1220 Our data shows ACPCs outperformed chondrocytes in terms of neo-cartilage production and unlike MSCs, ACPCs had the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X, and the highest expression of PRG4, a key factor in joint lubrication. 28782725 7 112 theme production 1195:1204 arg1 terms 1172:1176 terms 1172:1176 terms of neo-cartilage production 1172:1204 Our data shows ACPCs outperformed chondrocytes in terms of neo-cartilage production and unlike MSCs, ACPCs had the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X, and the highest expression of PRG4, a key factor in joint lubrication. 28782725 5 113 from hydrogels 833:841 arg1 potential 811:819 the potential 807:819 the potential of ACPCs in hydrogels for cartilage regeneration and biofabrication 807:887 This study aimed to investigate the potential of ACPCs in hydrogels for cartilage regeneration and biofabrication, and to evaluate their ability for zone-specific matrix production. 28782725 12 114 theme biomaterial-based 2329:2345 arg1 therapies 2360:2368 biomaterial-based regenerative therapies 2329:2368 biomaterial-based regenerative therapies 2329:2368 Harnessing the potential of these cells in 3D hydrogels can open new avenues for biomaterial-based regenerative therapies, especially with advanced biofabrication technologies (e.g. bioprinting). 28782725 16 115 theme constructs 3031:3040 arg1 generation 3007:3016 the next generation 2998:3016 the next generation of cartilage constructs with increased biomimicry 2998:3066 This study provides important cues on ACPCs, indicating they represent a promising cell source for the next generation of cartilage constructs with increased biomimicry. 28782725 9 116 theme superficial 1654:1664 arg1 each 1684:1687 each 1684:1687 each 1684:1687 By combining ACPC- and MSC-laden bioinks, a bioprinted model of articular cartilage was generated, consisting of defined superficial and deep regions, each with distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition. 28782725 9 116 theme superficial 1654:1664 arg1 regions 1675:1681 defined superficial and deep regions 1646:1681 defined superficial and deep regions 1646:1681 By combining ACPC- and MSC-laden bioinks, a bioprinted model of articular cartilage was generated, consisting of defined superficial and deep regions, each with distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition. 28782725 9 117 theme articular 1597:1605 arg1 cartilage 1607:1615 articular cartilage 1597:1615 articular cartilage 1597:1615 By combining ACPC- and MSC-laden bioinks, a bioprinted model of articular cartilage was generated, consisting of defined superficial and deep regions, each with distinct cellular and extracellular matrix composition. 28782725 11 118 theme limited 2177:2183 arg1 attention 2185:2193 limited attention 2177:2193 limited attention in biomaterials and tissue engineering applications 2177:2245 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Despite its limited ability to repair, articular cartilage harbors an endogenous population of progenitor cells (ACPCs), that to date, received limited attention in biomaterials and tissue engineering applications. 28782725 3 119 theme cartilage-resident 489:506 arg1 ACPCs 533:537 ACPCs 533:537 ACPCs 533:537 The recent identification of multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells (ACPCs), which share important traits with adult stem cells, represents a new opportunity for cartilage regeneration. 28782725 3 119 theme cartilage-resident 489:506 arg1 cells 526:530 multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells 467:530 multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells (ACPCs) 467:538 The recent identification of multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells (ACPCs), which share important traits with adult stem cells, represents a new opportunity for cartilage regeneration. 28782725 16 120 theme increased 3047:3055 arg1 biomimicry 3057:3066 increased biomimicry 3047:3066 increased biomimicry 3047:3066 This study provides important cues on ACPCs, indicating they represent a promising cell source for the next generation of cartilage constructs with increased biomimicry. 28782725 3 121 theme recent 442:447 arg1 identification 449:462 The recent identification 438:462 The recent identification 438:462 The recent identification of multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells (ACPCs), which share important traits with adult stem cells, represents a new opportunity for cartilage regeneration. 28782725 3 122 theme multipotent 467:477 arg1 ACPCs 533:537 ACPCs 533:537 ACPCs 533:537 The recent identification of multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells (ACPCs), which share important traits with adult stem cells, represents a new opportunity for cartilage regeneration. 28782725 3 122 theme multipotent 467:477 arg1 cells 526:530 multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells 467:530 multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells (ACPCs) 467:538 The recent identification of multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells (ACPCs), which share important traits with adult stem cells, represents a new opportunity for cartilage regeneration. 28782725 14 123 theme suitable 2584:2591 arg1 substrate 2593:2601 a suitable substrate 2582:2601 a suitable substrate for chondrogenesis 2582:2620 The ACPC-laden hydrogel is a suitable substrate for chondrogenesis and data shows it has a bias in directing cells towards a superficial zone phenotype. 28782725 14 123 theme suitable 2584:2591 arg1 hydrogel 2570:2577 The ACPC-laden hydrogel 2555:2577 The ACPC-laden hydrogel 2555:2577 The ACPC-laden hydrogel is a suitable substrate for chondrogenesis and data shows it has a bias in directing cells towards a superficial zone phenotype. 28782725 7 124 theme type 1298:1301 arg1 X 1303:1303 hypertrophy marker collagen type X 1270:1303 hypertrophy marker collagen type X 1270:1303 Our data shows ACPCs outperformed chondrocytes in terms of neo-cartilage production and unlike MSCs, ACPCs had the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X, and the highest expression of PRG4, a key factor in joint lubrication. 28782725 10 125 theme constructs 1917:1926 arg1 biofabrication 1896:1909 the biofabrication 1892:1909 the biofabrication of 3D constructs with multiple cell types 1892:1951 Taken together, these results provide important information for the use of ACPC-laden hydrogels in regenerative medicine, and pave the way to the biofabrication of 3D constructs with multiple cell types for cartilage regeneration or in vitro tissue models. 28782725 8 126 theme cell 1396:1399 arg1 types 1401:1405 the cell types 1392:1405 the cell types 1392:1405 Co-cultures of the cell types in multi-compartment hydrogels allowed generating constructs with a layered distribution of collagens and glycosaminoglycans. 28782725 1 127 theme cartilage 325:333 arg1 architecture 299:310 the architecture 295:310 the architecture of articular cartilage 295:333 Cell-laden hydrogels are the primary building blocks for bioprinting, and, also termed bioinks, are the foundations for creating structures that can potentially recapitulate the architecture of articular cartilage. 28782725 7 128 theme marker 1282:1287 arg1 X 1303:1303 hypertrophy marker collagen type X 1270:1303 hypertrophy marker collagen type X 1270:1303 Our data shows ACPCs outperformed chondrocytes in terms of neo-cartilage production and unlike MSCs, ACPCs had the lowest gene expression levels of hypertrophy marker collagen type X, and the highest expression of PRG4, a key factor in joint lubrication. 28782725 0 129 with regeneration 30:41 arg1 hydrogels 61:69 bioprintable hydrogels 48:69 bioprintable hydrogels 48:69 The bio in the ink: cartilage regeneration with bioprintable hydrogels and articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells. 28782725 0 129 with regeneration 30:41 arg1 cells 114:118 articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells 75:118 articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells 75:118 The bio in the ink: cartilage regeneration with bioprintable hydrogels and articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells. 28782725 3 130 theme cells 526:530 arg1 identification 449:462 The recent identification 438:462 The recent identification 438:462 The recent identification of multipotent articular cartilage-resident chondroprogenitor cells (ACPCs), which share important traits with adult stem cells, represents a new opportunity for cartilage regeneration. 28782725 14 131 theme ACPC-laden 2559:2568 arg1 substrate 2593:2601 a suitable substrate 2582:2601 a suitable substrate for chondrogenesis 2582:2620 The ACPC-laden hydrogel is a suitable substrate for chondrogenesis and data shows it has a bias in directing cells towards a superficial zone phenotype. 28782725 14 131 theme ACPC-laden 2559:2568 arg1 hydrogel 2570:2577 The ACPC-laden hydrogel 2555:2577 The ACPC-laden hydrogel 2555:2577 The ACPC-laden hydrogel is a suitable substrate for chondrogenesis and data shows it has a bias in directing cells towards a superficial zone phenotype. 28782725 0 132 dep bio 4:6 arg1 regeneration 30:41 cartilage regeneration 20:41 The bio in the ink: cartilage regeneration with bioprintable hydrogels and articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells. 0:119 The bio in the ink: cartilage regeneration with bioprintable hydrogels and articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells. 28782725 4 133 with combination 744:754 arg1 biomaterials 761:772 biomaterials 761:772 biomaterials 761:772 However, little is known about the suitability of ACPCs for tissue engineering, especially in combination with biomaterials. 28782725 8 134 from Co-cultures 1377:1387 arg1 hydrogels 1428:1436 multi-compartment hydrogels 1410:1436 multi-compartment hydrogels 1410:1436 Co-cultures of the cell types in multi-compartment hydrogels allowed generating constructs with a layered distribution of collagens and glycosaminoglycans. 28653084 2 0 theme rod-shaped 116:125 arg1 strains 167:173 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 71:173 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 71:173 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from Lonar soda lake, India. 28653084 10 1 theme iso-C15:0 1507:1515 arg1 proportions 1492:1502 significant proportions 1480:1502 significant proportions of iso-C15:0 (24.9%), iso-C16:0 (17.9%) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.3%) 1480:1568 anteiso-C15:0 (30.8%) was the predominant fatty acid, and significant proportions of iso-C15:0 (24.9%), iso-C16:0 (17.9%) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.3%) were also detected in strains 14BT and 7B. 28653084 12 2 theme tests 1750:1754 arg1 results 1698:1704 The results 1694:1704 The results of molecular, physiological and biochemical tests 1694:1754 The results of molecular, physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 28653084 2 3 theme Gram-stain-positive 95:113 arg1 strains 167:173 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 71:173 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 71:173 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from Lonar soda lake, India. 28653084 6 4 theme Strains 1039:1045 arg1 temperature 1017:1027 temperature 1017:1027 temperature of 37 °C. Strains 14BT and 7B 1017:1057 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 9.0-9.5 with 2-5% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 14BT and 7B were catalase positive and oxydase negative. 28653084 3 5 theme LMG 456:458 arg1 22468T 460:465 Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T 435:465 Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) 435:496 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 11 6 dep strains 1636:1642 arg1 14BT 1644:1647 14BT 1644:1647 14BT 1644:1647 The DNA G+C content of strains 14BT and 7B was 41.6 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 28653084 11 6 dep strains 1636:1642 arg1 strains 1636:1642 strains 14BT and 7B 1636:1654 strains 14BT and 7B 1636:1654 The DNA G+C content of strains 14BT and 7B was 41.6 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 28653084 11 6 dep strains 1636:1642 arg1 7B 1653:1654 7B 1653:1654 7B 1653:1654 The DNA G+C content of strains 14BT and 7B was 41.6 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 28653084 4 7 dep B. 654:655 arg1 halodurans 657:666 halodurans 657:666 halodurans 657:666 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness studies indicated that the strains 14BT and 7B were distantly related to B. halodurans LMG 7121T (49.1 ± 0.6 and 45.7 ± 0.6, respectively) and B. okuhidensis LMG 22468T (40.9 ± 0.9 and 42.1 ± 0.5, respectively). 28653084 6 8 with pH 978:979 arg1 NaCl 1008:1011 2-5% (w/v) NaCl 997:1011 2-5% (w/v) NaCl 997:1011 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 9.0-9.5 with 2-5% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 14BT and 7B were catalase positive and oxydase negative. 28653084 3 9 theme rRNA 231:234 arg1 analysis 250:257 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 227:257 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 227:257 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 10 10 theme iso-C16:0 1526:1534 arg1 proportions 1492:1502 significant proportions 1480:1502 significant proportions of iso-C15:0 (24.9%), iso-C16:0 (17.9%) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.3%) 1480:1568 anteiso-C15:0 (30.8%) was the predominant fatty acid, and significant proportions of iso-C15:0 (24.9%), iso-C16:0 (17.9%) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.3%) were also detected in strains 14BT and 7B. 28653084 7 11 theme diagnostic 1175:1184 arg1 acid 1194:1197 the diagnostic diamino acid 1171:1197 the diagnostic diamino acid 1171:1197 The cell wall of strain 14BT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28653084 7 11 theme diagnostic 1175:1184 arg1 acid 1163:1166 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1143:1166 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1143:1166 The cell wall of strain 14BT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28653084 12 12 theme strains 1791:1797 arg1 differentiation 1772:1786 a clear differentiation 1764:1786 a clear differentiation of strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp 1764:1899 The results of molecular, physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 28653084 2 13 theme novel 75:79 arg1 strains 167:173 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 71:173 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 71:173 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from Lonar soda lake, India. 28653084 7 14 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1143:1161 arg1 acid 1194:1197 the diagnostic diamino acid 1171:1197 the diagnostic diamino acid 1171:1197 The cell wall of strain 14BT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28653084 7 14 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1143:1161 arg1 acid 1163:1166 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1143:1166 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1143:1166 The cell wall of strain 14BT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28653084 6 15 dep % 1000:1000 arg1 w/v 1003:1005 w/v 1003:1005 w/v 1003:1005 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 9.0-9.5 with 2-5% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 14BT and 7B were catalase positive and oxydase negative. 28653084 11 16 theme strains 1636:1642 arg1 % 1677:1677 41.6 and 41.3 mol% 1660:1677 41.6 and 41.3 mol% 1660:1677 The DNA G+C content of strains 14BT and 7B was 41.6 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 28653084 11 16 theme strains 1636:1642 arg1 content 1625:1631 The DNA G+C content 1613:1631 The DNA G+C content of strains 14BT and 7B 1613:1654 The DNA G+C content of strains 14BT and 7B was 41.6 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 28653084 3 17 theme sequence 241:248 arg1 analysis 250:257 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 227:257 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 227:257 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 7 18 theme 14BT 1128:1131 arg1 wall 1113:1116 The cell wall 1104:1116 The cell wall of strain 14BT 1104:1131 The cell wall of strain 14BT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28653084 10 19 theme anteiso-C17:0 1548:1560 arg1 proportions 1492:1502 significant proportions 1480:1502 significant proportions of iso-C15:0 (24.9%), iso-C16:0 (17.9%) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.3%) 1480:1568 anteiso-C15:0 (30.8%) was the predominant fatty acid, and significant proportions of iso-C15:0 (24.9%), iso-C16:0 (17.9%) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.3%) were also detected in strains 14BT and 7B. 28653084 4 20 dep strains 608:614 arg1 strains 608:614 the strains 14BT and 7B 604:626 the strains 14BT and 7B 604:626 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness studies indicated that the strains 14BT and 7B were distantly related to B. halodurans LMG 7121T (49.1 ± 0.6 and 45.7 ± 0.6, respectively) and B. okuhidensis LMG 22468T (40.9 ± 0.9 and 42.1 ± 0.5, respectively). 28653084 4 20 dep strains 608:614 arg1 7B 625:626 7B 625:626 7B 625:626 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness studies indicated that the strains 14BT and 7B were distantly related to B. halodurans LMG 7121T (49.1 ± 0.6 and 45.7 ± 0.6, respectively) and B. okuhidensis LMG 22468T (40.9 ± 0.9 and 42.1 ± 0.5, respectively). 28653084 4 20 dep strains 608:614 arg1 14BT 616:619 14BT 616:619 14BT 616:619 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness studies indicated that the strains 14BT and 7B were distantly related to B. halodurans LMG 7121T (49.1 ± 0.6 and 45.7 ± 0.6, respectively) and B. okuhidensis LMG 22468T (40.9 ± 0.9 and 42.1 ± 0.5, respectively). 28653084 6 21 theme % 1000:1000 arg1 NaCl 1008:1011 2-5% (w/v) NaCl 997:1011 2-5% (w/v) NaCl 997:1011 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 9.0-9.5 with 2-5% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 14BT and 7B were catalase positive and oxydase negative. 28653084 5 22 theme species 937:943 arg1 members 917:923 members 917:923 members of a single species 917:943 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88 ± 9) indicated that strains 14BT and 7B were members of a single species. 28653084 4 23 theme relatedness 569:579 arg1 studies 581:587 the DNA-DNA relatedness studies 557:587 the DNA-DNA relatedness studies 557:587 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness studies indicated that the strains 14BT and 7B were distantly related to B. halodurans LMG 7121T (49.1 ± 0.6 and 45.7 ± 0.6, respectively) and B. okuhidensis LMG 22468T (40.9 ± 0.9 and 42.1 ± 0.5, respectively). 28653084 14 24 theme =KCTC 1945:1949 arg1 14BT 1939:1942 14BT 1939:1942 14BT (=KCTC 33777T = CGMCC 1.15474T) 1939:1974 The type strain is 14BT (=KCTC 33777T = CGMCC 1.15474T). 28653084 14 24 theme =KCTC 1945:1949 arg1 1.15474T 1966:1973 =KCTC 33777T = CGMCC 1.15474T 1945:1973 =KCTC 33777T = CGMCC 1.15474T 1945:1973 The type strain is 14BT (=KCTC 33777T = CGMCC 1.15474T). 28653084 12 25 theme alcaliphilum 1885:1896 arg1 sp 1898:1899 Bacillus alcaliphilum sp 1876:1899 the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp 1867:1899 The results of molecular, physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 28653084 3 26 dep Bacillus 435:442 arg1 okuhidensis 444:454 okuhidensis 444:454 okuhidensis 444:454 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 5 27 theme sequence 816:823 arg1 similarity 825:834 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 793:834 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) 793:842 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88 ± 9) indicated that strains 14BT and 7B were members of a single species. 28653084 5 27 theme sequence 816:823 arg1 % 841:841 99.9% 837:841 99.9% 837:841 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88 ± 9) indicated that strains 14BT and 7B were members of a single species. 28653084 3 28 from members 508:514 arg1 Bacillus 529:536 genus Bacillus 523:536 the genus Bacillus (<97.0%) 519:545 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 3 28 from members 508:514 arg1 % 544:544 <97.0% 539:544 <97.0% 539:544 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 3 29 theme Bacillus 373:380 arg1 7121T 397:401 Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T 373:401 Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively) 373:432 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 1 30 theme soda 60:63 arg1 lake 65:68 a soda lake 58:68 a soda lake 58:68 nov., a bacterium isolated from a soda lake. 28653084 2 31 attach isolated 180:187 arg1 India 211:215 India 211:215 India 211:215 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from Lonar soda lake, India. 28653084 2 31 attach isolated 180:187 arg2 strains 167:173 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 71:173 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 71:173 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from Lonar soda lake, India. 28653084 3 32 theme class 320:324 arg1 Firmibacteria 326:338 the class Firmibacteria 316:338 the class Firmibacteria 316:338 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 0 33 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 22:23 Bacillus alcaliphilum sp 0:23 Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 0:24 Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 28653084 12 34 from differentiation 1772:1786 arg1 members 1826:1832 all other members 1816:1832 all other members 1816:1832 The results of molecular, physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 28653084 5 35 theme high 797:800 arg1 similarity 825:834 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 793:834 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) 793:842 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88 ± 9) indicated that strains 14BT and 7B were members of a single species. 28653084 5 35 theme high 797:800 arg1 % 841:841 99.9% 837:841 99.9% 837:841 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88 ± 9) indicated that strains 14BT and 7B were members of a single species. 28653084 3 36 dep strains 264:270 arg1 strains 264:270 the strains 14BT and 7B 260:282 the strains 14BT and 7B 260:282 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 3 36 dep strains 264:270 arg1 7B 281:282 7B 281:282 7B 281:282 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 3 36 dep strains 264:270 arg1 14BT 272:275 14BT 272:275 14BT 272:275 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 12 37 dep strains 1791:1797 arg1 strains 1791:1797 strains 14BT and 7B 1791:1809 strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp 1791:1899 The results of molecular, physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 28653084 12 37 dep strains 1791:1797 arg1 7B 1808:1809 7B 1808:1809 7B 1808:1809 The results of molecular, physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 28653084 12 37 dep strains 1791:1797 arg1 14BT 1799:1802 14BT 1799:1802 14BT 1799:1802 The results of molecular, physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 28653084 11 38 theme G+C 1621:1623 arg1 % 1677:1677 41.6 and 41.3 mol% 1660:1677 41.6 and 41.3 mol% 1660:1677 The DNA G+C content of strains 14BT and 7B was 41.6 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 28653084 11 38 theme G+C 1621:1623 arg1 content 1625:1631 The DNA G+C content 1613:1631 The DNA G+C content of strains 14BT and 7B 1613:1654 The DNA G+C content of strains 14BT and 7B was 41.6 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 28653084 5 39 theme rRNA 806:809 arg1 similarity 825:834 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 793:834 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) 793:842 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88 ± 9) indicated that strains 14BT and 7B were members of a single species. 28653084 5 39 theme rRNA 806:809 arg1 % 841:841 99.9% 837:841 99.9% 837:841 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88 ± 9) indicated that strains 14BT and 7B were members of a single species. 28653084 3 40 theme LMG 393:395 arg1 7121T 397:401 Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T 373:401 Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively) 373:432 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 3 41 from 7121T 397:401 arg1 Bacillus 529:536 genus Bacillus 523:536 the genus Bacillus (<97.0%) 519:545 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 3 41 from 7121T 397:401 arg1 % 544:544 <97.0% 539:544 <97.0% 539:544 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 10 42 theme fatty 1464:1468 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1422:1434 anteiso-C15:0 1422:1434 anteiso-C15:0 (30.8%) 1422:1442 anteiso-C15:0 (30.8%) was the predominant fatty acid, and significant proportions of iso-C15:0 (24.9%), iso-C16:0 (17.9%) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.3%) were also detected in strains 14BT and 7B. 28653084 10 42 theme fatty 1464:1468 arg1 acid 1470:1473 the predominant fatty acid 1448:1473 the predominant fatty acid 1448:1473 anteiso-C15:0 (30.8%) was the predominant fatty acid, and significant proportions of iso-C15:0 (24.9%), iso-C16:0 (17.9%) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.3%) were also detected in strains 14BT and 7B. 28653084 4 43 dep B. 724:725 arg1 okuhidensis 727:737 okuhidensis 727:737 okuhidensis 727:737 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness studies indicated that the strains 14BT and 7B were distantly related to B. halodurans LMG 7121T (49.1 ± 0.6 and 45.7 ± 0.6, respectively) and B. okuhidensis LMG 22468T (40.9 ± 0.9 and 42.1 ± 0.5, respectively). 28653084 8 44 theme unknown 1355:1361 arg1 L1-3 1371:1374 L1-3 1371:1374 L1-3 1371:1374 Polar lipids include diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), an unknown aminophospholipid (APL1) and three unknown lipids (L1-3). 28653084 8 44 theme unknown 1355:1361 arg1 lipids 1363:1368 three unknown lipids 1349:1368 three unknown lipids (L1-3) 1349:1375 Polar lipids include diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), an unknown aminophospholipid (APL1) and three unknown lipids (L1-3). 28653084 12 45 theme other 1820:1824 arg1 members 1826:1832 all other members 1816:1832 all other members 1816:1832 The results of molecular, physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 28653084 9 46 theme predominant 1382:1392 arg1 MK-7 1416:1419 MK-7 1416:1419 MK-7 1416:1419 The predominant isoprenoid quinone is MK-7. 28653084 9 46 theme predominant 1382:1392 arg1 quinone 1405:1411 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1378:1411 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1378:1411 The predominant isoprenoid quinone is MK-7. 28653084 2 47 theme bacterial 157:165 arg1 strains 167:173 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 71:173 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 71:173 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from Lonar soda lake, India. 28653084 10 48 theme significant 1480:1490 arg1 proportions 1492:1502 significant proportions 1480:1502 significant proportions of iso-C15:0 (24.9%), iso-C16:0 (17.9%) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.3%) 1480:1568 anteiso-C15:0 (30.8%) was the predominant fatty acid, and significant proportions of iso-C15:0 (24.9%), iso-C16:0 (17.9%) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.3%) were also detected in strains 14BT and 7B. 28653084 10 49 located detected 1580:1587 arg1 7B 1609:1610 7B 1609:1610 7B 1609:1610 anteiso-C15:0 (30.8%) was the predominant fatty acid, and significant proportions of iso-C15:0 (24.9%), iso-C16:0 (17.9%) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.3%) were also detected in strains 14BT and 7B. 28653084 10 49 located detected 1580:1587 arg2 proportions 1492:1502 significant proportions 1480:1502 significant proportions of iso-C15:0 (24.9%), iso-C16:0 (17.9%) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.3%) 1480:1568 anteiso-C15:0 (30.8%) was the predominant fatty acid, and significant proportions of iso-C15:0 (24.9%), iso-C16:0 (17.9%) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.3%) were also detected in strains 14BT and 7B. 28653084 10 49 located detected 1580:1587 arg1 14BT 1600:1603 14BT 1600:1603 14BT 1600:1603 anteiso-C15:0 (30.8%) was the predominant fatty acid, and significant proportions of iso-C15:0 (24.9%), iso-C16:0 (17.9%) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.3%) were also detected in strains 14BT and 7B. 28653084 10 49 located detected 1580:1587 arg1 strains 1592:1598 strains 14BT and 7B 1592:1610 strains 14BT and 7B 1592:1610 anteiso-C15:0 (30.8%) was the predominant fatty acid, and significant proportions of iso-C15:0 (24.9%), iso-C16:0 (17.9%) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.3%) were also detected in strains 14BT and 7B. 28653084 7 50 contain contained 1133:1141 arg2 acid 1163:1166 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1143:1166 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1143:1166 The cell wall of strain 14BT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28653084 7 50 contain contained 1133:1141 arg2 acid 1194:1197 the diagnostic diamino acid 1171:1197 the diagnostic diamino acid 1171:1197 The cell wall of strain 14BT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28653084 7 50 contain contained 1133:1141 arg1 wall 1113:1116 The cell wall 1104:1116 The cell wall of strain 14BT 1104:1131 The cell wall of strain 14BT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28653084 12 51 theme physiological 1720:1732 arg1 tests 1750:1754 molecular, physiological and biochemical tests 1709:1754 molecular, physiological and biochemical tests 1709:1754 The results of molecular, physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 28653084 12 52 from members 1826:1832 arg1 strains 1791:1797 strains 14BT and 7B 1791:1809 strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp 1791:1899 The results of molecular, physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 28653084 12 52 from members 1826:1832 arg1 7B 1808:1809 7B 1808:1809 7B 1808:1809 The results of molecular, physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 28653084 12 52 from members 1826:1832 arg1 differentiation 1772:1786 a clear differentiation 1764:1786 a clear differentiation of strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp 1764:1899 The results of molecular, physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 28653084 12 52 from members 1826:1832 arg1 14BT 1799:1802 14BT 1799:1802 14BT 1799:1802 The results of molecular, physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 28653084 6 53 dep Strains 1039:1045 arg1 Strains 1039:1045 37 °C. Strains 14BT and 7B 1032:1057 37 °C. Strains 14BT and 7B 1032:1057 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 9.0-9.5 with 2-5% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 14BT and 7B were catalase positive and oxydase negative. 28653084 6 53 dep Strains 1039:1045 arg1 7B 1056:1057 7B 1056:1057 7B 1056:1057 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 9.0-9.5 with 2-5% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 14BT and 7B were catalase positive and oxydase negative. 28653084 6 53 dep Strains 1039:1045 arg1 14BT 1047:1050 14BT 1047:1050 14BT 1047:1050 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 9.0-9.5 with 2-5% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 14BT and 7B were catalase positive and oxydase negative. 28653084 4 54 theme B. 724:725 arg1 22468T 743:748 B. okuhidensis LMG 22468T 724:748 B. okuhidensis LMG 22468T (40.9 ± 0.9 and 42.1 ± 0.5, respectively) 724:790 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness studies indicated that the strains 14BT and 7B were distantly related to B. halodurans LMG 7121T (49.1 ± 0.6 and 45.7 ± 0.6, respectively) and B. okuhidensis LMG 22468T (40.9 ± 0.9 and 42.1 ± 0.5, respectively). 28653084 5 55 dep strains 892:898 arg1 strains 892:898 strains 14BT and 7B 892:910 strains 14BT and 7B 892:910 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88 ± 9) indicated that strains 14BT and 7B were members of a single species. 28653084 5 55 dep strains 892:898 arg1 7B 909:910 7B 909:910 7B 909:910 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88 ± 9) indicated that strains 14BT and 7B were members of a single species. 28653084 5 55 dep strains 892:898 arg1 14BT 900:903 14BT 900:903 14BT 900:903 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88 ± 9) indicated that strains 14BT and 7B were members of a single species. 28653084 4 56 theme LMG 739:741 arg1 22468T 743:748 B. okuhidensis LMG 22468T 724:748 B. okuhidensis LMG 22468T (40.9 ± 0.9 and 42.1 ± 0.5, respectively) 724:790 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness studies indicated that the strains 14BT and 7B were distantly related to B. halodurans LMG 7121T (49.1 ± 0.6 and 45.7 ± 0.6, respectively) and B. okuhidensis LMG 22468T (40.9 ± 0.9 and 42.1 ± 0.5, respectively). 28653084 6 57 theme 9.0-9.5 984:990 arg1 pH 978:979 a pH 976:979 a pH of 9.0-9.5 with 2-5% (w/v) NaCl 976:1011 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 9.0-9.5 with 2-5% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 14BT and 7B were catalase positive and oxydase negative. 28653084 4 58 dep 7121T 672:676 arg1 49.1 ± 0.6 679:688 49.1 ± 0.6 679:688 49.1 ± 0.6 679:688 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness studies indicated that the strains 14BT and 7B were distantly related to B. halodurans LMG 7121T (49.1 ± 0.6 and 45.7 ± 0.6, respectively) and B. okuhidensis LMG 22468T (40.9 ± 0.9 and 42.1 ± 0.5, respectively). 28653084 4 58 dep 7121T 672:676 arg1 45.7 ± 0.6 694:703 45.7 ± 0.6 694:703 45.7 ± 0.6 694:703 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness studies indicated that the strains 14BT and 7B were distantly related to B. halodurans LMG 7121T (49.1 ± 0.6 and 45.7 ± 0.6, respectively) and B. okuhidensis LMG 22468T (40.9 ± 0.9 and 42.1 ± 0.5, respectively). 28653084 8 59 theme Polar 1200:1204 arg1 lipids 1206:1211 Polar lipids 1200:1211 Polar lipids 1200:1211 Polar lipids include diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), an unknown aminophospholipid (APL1) and three unknown lipids (L1-3). 28653084 6 60 theme 37 °C. 1032:1037 arg1 Strains 1039:1045 37 °C. Strains 14BT and 7B 1032:1057 37 °C. Strains 14BT and 7B 1032:1057 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 9.0-9.5 with 2-5% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 14BT and 7B were catalase positive and oxydase negative. 28653084 6 60 theme 37 °C. 1032:1037 arg1 7B 1056:1057 7B 1056:1057 7B 1056:1057 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 9.0-9.5 with 2-5% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 14BT and 7B were catalase positive and oxydase negative. 28653084 6 60 theme 37 °C. 1032:1037 arg1 14BT 1047:1050 14BT 1047:1050 14BT 1047:1050 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 9.0-9.5 with 2-5% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 14BT and 7B were catalase positive and oxydase negative. 28653084 3 61 theme 99.2 477:480 arg1 % 481:481 99.1 and 99.2% 468:481 % 481:481 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 1 62 attach isolated 44:51 arg2 bacterium 34:42 a bacterium 32:42 a bacterium isolated from a soda lake 32:68 nov., a bacterium isolated from a soda lake. 28653084 1 62 attach isolated 44:51 arg1 lake 65:68 a soda lake 58:68 a soda lake 58:68 nov., a bacterium isolated from a soda lake. 28653084 3 63 theme 99.1 468:471 arg1 % 481:481 99.1 and 99.2% 468:481 % 481:481 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 3 64 theme gene 236:239 arg1 analysis 250:257 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 227:257 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 227:257 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 7 65 theme diamino 1186:1192 arg1 acid 1194:1197 the diagnostic diamino acid 1171:1197 the diagnostic diamino acid 1171:1197 The cell wall of strain 14BT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28653084 7 65 theme diamino 1186:1192 arg1 acid 1163:1166 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1143:1166 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1143:1166 The cell wall of strain 14BT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28653084 1 66 dep bacterium 34:42 arg1 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov., a bacterium isolated from a soda lake. 28653084 3 67 theme 16S 227:229 arg1 analysis 250:257 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 227:257 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 227:257 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 12 68 dep name 1871:1874 arg1 sp 1898:1899 Bacillus alcaliphilum sp 1876:1899 the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp 1867:1899 The results of molecular, physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 28653084 12 69 theme biochemical 1738:1748 arg1 tests 1750:1754 molecular, physiological and biochemical tests 1709:1754 molecular, physiological and biochemical tests 1709:1754 The results of molecular, physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 28653084 3 70 dep 22468T 460:465 arg1 % 481:481 99.1 and 99.2% 468:481 % 481:481 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 3 71 theme other 502:506 arg1 members 508:514 other members 502:514 other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%) 502:545 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 7 72 theme strain 1121:1126 arg1 14BT 1128:1131 strain 14BT 1121:1131 strain 14BT 1121:1131 The cell wall of strain 14BT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28653084 12 73 theme molecular 1709:1717 arg1 tests 1750:1754 molecular, physiological and biochemical tests 1709:1754 molecular, physiological and biochemical tests 1709:1754 The results of molecular, physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 28653084 14 74 theme 33777T = CGMCC 1951:1964 arg1 14BT 1939:1942 14BT 1939:1942 14BT (=KCTC 33777T = CGMCC 1.15474T) 1939:1974 The type strain is 14BT (=KCTC 33777T = CGMCC 1.15474T). 28653084 14 74 theme 33777T = CGMCC 1951:1964 arg1 1.15474T 1966:1973 =KCTC 33777T = CGMCC 1.15474T 1945:1973 =KCTC 33777T = CGMCC 1.15474T 1945:1973 The type strain is 14BT (=KCTC 33777T = CGMCC 1.15474T). 28653084 4 75 theme DNA-DNA 561:567 arg1 studies 581:587 the DNA-DNA relatedness studies 557:587 the DNA-DNA relatedness studies 557:587 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness studies indicated that the strains 14BT and 7B were distantly related to B. halodurans LMG 7121T (49.1 ± 0.6 and 45.7 ± 0.6, respectively) and B. okuhidensis LMG 22468T (40.9 ± 0.9 and 42.1 ± 0.5, respectively). 28653084 3 76 from 22468T 460:465 arg1 Bacillus 529:536 genus Bacillus 523:536 the genus Bacillus (<97.0%) 519:545 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 3 76 from 22468T 460:465 arg1 % 544:544 <97.0% 539:544 <97.0% 539:544 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 3 77 dep 7121T 397:401 arg1 % 417:417 99.7 and 99.8% 404:417 99.7 and 99.8% 404:417 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 5 78 theme gene 811:814 arg1 similarity 825:834 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 793:834 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) 793:842 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88 ± 9) indicated that strains 14BT and 7B were members of a single species. 28653084 5 78 theme gene 811:814 arg1 % 841:841 99.9% 837:841 99.9% 837:841 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88 ± 9) indicated that strains 14BT and 7B were members of a single species. 28653084 12 79 theme Bacillus 1876:1883 arg1 sp 1898:1899 Bacillus alcaliphilum sp 1876:1899 the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp 1867:1899 The results of molecular, physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 28653084 12 80 theme clear 1766:1770 arg1 differentiation 1772:1786 a clear differentiation 1764:1786 a clear differentiation of strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp 1764:1899 The results of molecular, physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 28653084 7 81 theme cell 1108:1111 arg1 wall 1113:1116 The cell wall 1104:1116 The cell wall of strain 14BT 1104:1131 The cell wall of strain 14BT contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 28653084 14 82 theme type 1924:1927 arg1 14BT 1939:1942 14BT 1939:1942 14BT (=KCTC 33777T = CGMCC 1.15474T) 1939:1974 The type strain is 14BT (=KCTC 33777T = CGMCC 1.15474T). 28653084 14 82 theme type 1924:1927 arg1 strain 1929:1934 The type strain 1920:1934 The type strain 1920:1934 The type strain is 14BT (=KCTC 33777T = CGMCC 1.15474T). 28653084 0 83 theme alcaliphilum 9:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Bacillus alcaliphilum sp 0:23 Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 0:24 Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 28653084 5 84 theme single 930:935 arg1 species 937:943 a single species 928:943 a single species 928:943 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88 ± 9) indicated that strains 14BT and 7B were members of a single species. 28653084 2 85 dep Gram-stain-positive 95:113 arg1 7B 91:92 7B 91:92 7B 91:92 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from Lonar soda lake, India. 28653084 2 85 dep Gram-stain-positive 95:113 arg1 14BT 82:85 14BT 82:85 14BT 82:85 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from Lonar soda lake, India. 28653084 5 86 theme 16S 802:804 arg1 similarity 825:834 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 793:834 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) 793:842 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88 ± 9) indicated that strains 14BT and 7B were members of a single species. 28653084 5 86 theme 16S 802:804 arg1 % 841:841 99.9% 837:841 99.9% 837:841 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88 ± 9) indicated that strains 14BT and 7B were members of a single species. 28653084 2 87 theme endospore-forming 139:155 arg1 strains 167:173 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 71:173 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 71:173 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from Lonar soda lake, India. 28653084 4 88 dep 22468T 743:748 arg1 42.1 ± 0.5 766:775 42.1 ± 0.5 766:775 42.1 ± 0.5 766:775 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness studies indicated that the strains 14BT and 7B were distantly related to B. halodurans LMG 7121T (49.1 ± 0.6 and 45.7 ± 0.6, respectively) and B. okuhidensis LMG 22468T (40.9 ± 0.9 and 42.1 ± 0.5, respectively). 28653084 4 88 dep 22468T 743:748 arg1 40.9 ± 0.9 751:760 40.9 ± 0.9 751:760 40.9 ± 0.9 751:760 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness studies indicated that the strains 14BT and 7B were distantly related to B. halodurans LMG 7121T (49.1 ± 0.6 and 45.7 ± 0.6, respectively) and B. okuhidensis LMG 22468T (40.9 ± 0.9 and 42.1 ± 0.5, respectively). 28653084 5 89 theme DNA-DNA 848:854 arg1 relatedness 856:866 DNA-DNA relatedness 848:866 DNA-DNA relatedness (88 ± 9) 848:875 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88 ± 9) indicated that strains 14BT and 7B were members of a single species. 28653084 5 89 theme DNA-DNA 848:854 arg1 88 ± 9 869:874 88 ± 9 869:874 88 ± 9 869:874 The high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) and DNA-DNA relatedness (88 ± 9) indicated that strains 14BT and 7B were members of a single species. 28653084 6 90 theme 2-5 997:999 arg1 % 1000:1000 % 1000:1000 % 1000:1000 The strains grew optimally at a pH of 9.0-9.5 with 2-5% (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 37 °C. Strains 14BT and 7B were catalase positive and oxydase negative. 28653084 2 91 theme motile 128:133 arg1 strains 167:173 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 71:173 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains 71:173 Two novel (14BT and 7B) Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from Lonar soda lake, India. 28653084 11 92 theme DNA 1617:1619 arg1 % 1677:1677 41.6 and 41.3 mol% 1660:1677 41.6 and 41.3 mol% 1660:1677 The DNA G+C content of strains 14BT and 7B was 41.6 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 28653084 11 92 theme DNA 1617:1619 arg1 content 1625:1631 The DNA G+C content 1613:1631 The DNA G+C content of strains 14BT and 7B 1613:1654 The DNA G+C content of strains 14BT and 7B was 41.6 and 41.3 mol%, respectively. 28653084 3 93 dep Bacillus 373:380 arg1 halodurans 382:391 halodurans 382:391 halodurans 382:391 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 28653084 12 94 theme Bacillus 1847:1854 arg1 members 1826:1832 all other members 1816:1832 all other members 1816:1832 The results of molecular, physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strains 14BT and 7B from all other members of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alcaliphilum sp. 28653084 10 95 theme predominant 1452:1462 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1422:1434 anteiso-C15:0 1422:1434 anteiso-C15:0 (30.8%) 1422:1442 anteiso-C15:0 (30.8%) was the predominant fatty acid, and significant proportions of iso-C15:0 (24.9%), iso-C16:0 (17.9%) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.3%) were also detected in strains 14BT and 7B. 28653084 10 95 theme predominant 1452:1462 arg1 acid 1470:1473 the predominant fatty acid 1448:1473 the predominant fatty acid 1448:1473 anteiso-C15:0 (30.8%) was the predominant fatty acid, and significant proportions of iso-C15:0 (24.9%), iso-C16:0 (17.9%) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.3%) were also detected in strains 14BT and 7B. 28653084 4 96 theme B. 654:655 arg1 7121T 672:676 B. halodurans LMG 7121T 654:676 B. halodurans LMG 7121T (49.1 ± 0.6 and 45.7 ± 0.6, respectively) 654:718 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness studies indicated that the strains 14BT and 7B were distantly related to B. halodurans LMG 7121T (49.1 ± 0.6 and 45.7 ± 0.6, respectively) and B. okuhidensis LMG 22468T (40.9 ± 0.9 and 42.1 ± 0.5, respectively). 28653084 9 97 theme isoprenoid 1394:1403 arg1 MK-7 1416:1419 MK-7 1416:1419 MK-7 1416:1419 The predominant isoprenoid quinone is MK-7. 28653084 9 97 theme isoprenoid 1394:1403 arg1 quinone 1405:1411 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1378:1411 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 1378:1411 The predominant isoprenoid quinone is MK-7. 28653084 10 98 dep strains 1592:1598 arg1 7B 1609:1610 7B 1609:1610 7B 1609:1610 anteiso-C15:0 (30.8%) was the predominant fatty acid, and significant proportions of iso-C15:0 (24.9%), iso-C16:0 (17.9%) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.3%) were also detected in strains 14BT and 7B. 28653084 10 98 dep strains 1592:1598 arg1 14BT 1600:1603 14BT 1600:1603 14BT 1600:1603 anteiso-C15:0 (30.8%) was the predominant fatty acid, and significant proportions of iso-C15:0 (24.9%), iso-C16:0 (17.9%) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.3%) were also detected in strains 14BT and 7B. 28653084 10 98 dep strains 1592:1598 arg1 strains 1592:1598 strains 14BT and 7B 1592:1610 strains 14BT and 7B 1592:1610 anteiso-C15:0 (30.8%) was the predominant fatty acid, and significant proportions of iso-C15:0 (24.9%), iso-C16:0 (17.9%) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.3%) were also detected in strains 14BT and 7B. 28653084 4 99 theme LMG 668:670 arg1 7121T 672:676 B. halodurans LMG 7121T 654:676 B. halodurans LMG 7121T (49.1 ± 0.6 and 45.7 ± 0.6, respectively) 654:718 However, the DNA-DNA relatedness studies indicated that the strains 14BT and 7B were distantly related to B. halodurans LMG 7121T (49.1 ± 0.6 and 45.7 ± 0.6, respectively) and B. okuhidensis LMG 22468T (40.9 ± 0.9 and 42.1 ± 0.5, respectively). 28653084 3 100 theme Bacillus 435:442 arg1 22468T 460:465 Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T 435:465 Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) 435:496 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains 14BT and 7B were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria and were most closely related to Bacillus halodurans LMG 7121T (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively), Bacillus okuhidensis LMG 22468T (99.1 and 99.2%, respectively) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<97.0%). 24696548 4 0 theme polysaccharides 550:564 arg1 activities 527:536 The antioxidant activities 511:536 The antioxidant activities of purified polysaccharides 511:564 The antioxidant activities of purified polysaccharides were evaluated in vitro. 24696548 6 1 theme monosaccharide 680:693 arg1 composition 695:705 monosaccharide composition 680:705 monosaccharide composition in the polysaccharide 680:727 The analysis of monosaccharide composition in the polysaccharide by GC/MS revealed that Fr-I and Fr-II were heteropolysaccharides. 24696548 0 2 theme flue-cured 82:91 arg1 tobacco 93:99 flue-cured tobacco 82:99 flue-cured tobacco 82:99 Fraction and chemical analysis of antioxidant active polysaccharide isolated from flue-cured tobacco leaves. 24696548 3 3 theme purified 417:424 arg1 polysaccharides 426:440 The purified polysaccharides 413:440 The purified polysaccharides 413:440 The purified polysaccharides were analyzed by GC-MS, FT-IR, and TGA (Thermogravimetric analysis). 24696548 10 4 theme scavenging 1281:1290 arg1 ability 1292:1298 a strong scavenging ability 1272:1298 a strong scavenging ability 1272:1298 Comparing Fr-I with Fr-II, the latter has a strong scavenging ability. 24696548 2 5 with extraction 364:373 arg1 water 406:410 hot water 402:410 hot water 402:410 MATERIALS AND METHODS Polysaccharides were isolated from the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flue-cured tobacco with hot water. 24696548 2 6 theme hot 402:404 arg1 water 406:410 hot water 402:410 hot water 402:410 MATERIALS AND METHODS Polysaccharides were isolated from the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flue-cured tobacco with hot water. 24696548 8 7 theme Fr-I 1024:1027 arg1 higher 1042:1047 higher 1042:1047 higher 1042:1047 Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the degradation temperature (Td) of the Fr-I (241 °C) was higher than that of Fr-II (220 °C). 24696548 8 7 theme Fr-I 1024:1027 arg1 Td 1013:1014 Td 1013:1014 Td 1013:1014 Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the degradation temperature (Td) of the Fr-I (241 °C) was higher than that of Fr-II (220 °C). 24696548 8 7 theme Fr-I 1024:1027 arg1 temperature 1000:1010 the degradation temperature 984:1010 the degradation temperature (Td) of the Fr-I (241 °C) 984:1036 Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the degradation temperature (Td) of the Fr-I (241 °C) was higher than that of Fr-II (220 °C). 24696548 10 8 theme strong 1274:1279 arg1 ability 1292:1298 a strong scavenging ability 1272:1298 a strong scavenging ability 1272:1298 Comparing Fr-I with Fr-II, the latter has a strong scavenging ability. 24696548 1 9 theme various 185:191 arg1 activities 204:213 various biological activities 185:213 various biological activities 185:213 BACKGROUND The metabolic compounds from tobacco were investigated to posses various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and neuroprotective activities. 24696548 1 9 theme various 185:191 arg1 antimicrobial 237:249 antimicrobial 237:249 antimicrobial 237:249 BACKGROUND The metabolic compounds from tobacco were investigated to posses various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and neuroprotective activities. 24696548 1 9 theme various 185:191 arg1 activities 271:280 neuroprotective activities 255:280 neuroprotective activities 255:280 BACKGROUND The metabolic compounds from tobacco were investigated to posses various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and neuroprotective activities. 24696548 1 9 theme various 185:191 arg1 antioxidant 224:234 antioxidant 224:234 antioxidant 224:234 BACKGROUND The metabolic compounds from tobacco were investigated to posses various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and neuroprotective activities. 24696548 4 10 theme purified 541:548 arg1 polysaccharides 550:564 purified polysaccharides 541:564 purified polysaccharides 541:564 The antioxidant activities of purified polysaccharides were evaluated in vitro. 24696548 12 11 theme polysaccharides 1437:1451 arg1 activity 1425:1432 the antioxidant activity 1409:1432 the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides 1409:1451 Various factors influenced the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides. 24696548 5 12 dep polysaccharides 603:617 arg1 Fr-II 629:633 Fr-II 629:633 Fr-II 629:633 RESULTS Two polysaccharides (Fr-I and Fr-II) were isolated and purified. 24696548 5 12 dep polysaccharides 603:617 arg1 Fr-I 620:623 Fr-I 620:623 Fr-I 620:623 RESULTS Two polysaccharides (Fr-I and Fr-II) were isolated and purified. 24696548 5 12 dep polysaccharides 603:617 arg1 polysaccharides 603:617 Two polysaccharides 599:617 RESULTS Two polysaccharides (Fr-I and Fr-II) 591:634 RESULTS Two polysaccharides (Fr-I and Fr-II) were isolated and purified. 24696548 1 13 theme biological 193:202 arg1 activities 204:213 various biological activities 185:213 various biological activities 185:213 BACKGROUND The metabolic compounds from tobacco were investigated to posses various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and neuroprotective activities. 24696548 1 13 theme biological 193:202 arg1 antimicrobial 237:249 antimicrobial 237:249 antimicrobial 237:249 BACKGROUND The metabolic compounds from tobacco were investigated to posses various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and neuroprotective activities. 24696548 1 13 theme biological 193:202 arg1 activities 271:280 neuroprotective activities 255:280 neuroprotective activities 255:280 BACKGROUND The metabolic compounds from tobacco were investigated to posses various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and neuroprotective activities. 24696548 1 13 theme biological 193:202 arg1 antioxidant 224:234 antioxidant 224:234 antioxidant 224:234 BACKGROUND The metabolic compounds from tobacco were investigated to posses various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and neuroprotective activities. 24696548 1 14 from tobacco 149:155 arg1 compounds 134:142 The metabolic compounds 120:142 The metabolic compounds from tobacco 120:155 BACKGROUND The metabolic compounds from tobacco were investigated to posses various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and neuroprotective activities. 24696548 4 15 theme antioxidant 515:525 arg1 activities 527:536 The antioxidant activities 511:536 The antioxidant activities of purified polysaccharides 511:564 The antioxidant activities of purified polysaccharides were evaluated in vitro. 24696548 11 16 theme significant 1349:1359 arg1 effects 1373:1379 significant antioxidant effects 1349:1379 significant antioxidant effects 1349:1379 CONCLUSION Both polysaccharide fractions showed significant antioxidant effects. 24696548 9 17 theme concentration-dependent 1198:1220 arg1 manner 1222:1227 a concentration-dependent manner 1196:1227 a concentration-dependent manner 1196:1227 Both samples showed inhibitory effects on OH (hydroxyl) and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical in a concentration-dependent manner. 24696548 5 18 dep RESULTS 591:597 arg1 Fr-II 629:633 Fr-II 629:633 Fr-II 629:633 RESULTS Two polysaccharides (Fr-I and Fr-II) were isolated and purified. 24696548 5 18 dep RESULTS 591:597 arg1 Fr-I 620:623 Fr-I 620:623 Fr-I 620:623 RESULTS Two polysaccharides (Fr-I and Fr-II) were isolated and purified. 24696548 5 18 dep RESULTS 591:597 arg1 polysaccharides 603:617 Two polysaccharides 599:617 RESULTS Two polysaccharides (Fr-I and Fr-II) 591:634 RESULTS Two polysaccharides (Fr-I and Fr-II) were isolated and purified. 24696548 11 19 theme polysaccharide 1317:1330 arg1 fractions 1332:1340 polysaccharide fractions 1317:1340 polysaccharide fractions 1317:1340 CONCLUSION Both polysaccharide fractions showed significant antioxidant effects. 24696548 2 20 theme ultrasound-assisted 344:362 arg1 extraction 364:373 the ultrasound-assisted extraction 340:373 the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flue-cured tobacco with hot water 340:410 MATERIALS AND METHODS Polysaccharides were isolated from the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flue-cured tobacco with hot water. 24696548 9 21 theme inhibitory 1098:1107 arg1 effects 1109:1115 inhibitory effects 1098:1115 inhibitory effects on OH (hydroxyl) and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical 1098:1191 Both samples showed inhibitory effects on OH (hydroxyl) and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical in a concentration-dependent manner. 24696548 0 22 theme chemical 13:20 arg1 analysis 22:29 chemical analysis 13:29 chemical analysis 13:29 Fraction and chemical analysis of antioxidant active polysaccharide isolated from flue-cured tobacco leaves. 24696548 8 23 theme Thermo 935:940 arg1 TGA 964:966 TGA 964:966 TGA 964:966 Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the degradation temperature (Td) of the Fr-I (241 °C) was higher than that of Fr-II (220 °C). 24696548 8 23 theme Thermo 935:940 arg1 analysis 954:961 Thermo gravimetric analysis 935:961 Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) 935:967 Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the degradation temperature (Td) of the Fr-I (241 °C) was higher than that of Fr-II (220 °C). 24696548 0 24 theme antioxidant 34:44 arg1 polysaccharide 53:66 antioxidant active polysaccharide 34:66 antioxidant active polysaccharide isolated from flue-cured tobacco 34:99 Fraction and chemical analysis of antioxidant active polysaccharide isolated from flue-cured tobacco leaves. 24696548 9 25 from effects 1109:1115 arg1 hydroxyl 1124:1131 OH (hydroxyl) and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical 1120:1191 hydroxyl 1124:1131 Both samples showed inhibitory effects on OH (hydroxyl) and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical in a concentration-dependent manner. 24696548 9 25 from effects 1109:1115 arg1 radical 1185:1191 OH (hydroxyl) and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical 1120:1191 radical 1185:1191 Both samples showed inhibitory effects on OH (hydroxyl) and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical in a concentration-dependent manner. 24696548 2 26 dep MATERIALS 283:291 arg1 Polysaccharides 305:319 Polysaccharides 305:319 Polysaccharides 305:319 MATERIALS AND METHODS Polysaccharides were isolated from the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flue-cured tobacco with hot water. 24696548 2 27 attach isolated 326:333 arg2 METHODS 297:303 METHODS 297:303 METHODS 297:303 MATERIALS AND METHODS Polysaccharides were isolated from the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flue-cured tobacco with hot water. 24696548 2 27 attach isolated 326:333 arg2 MATERIALS 283:291 MATERIALS 283:291 MATERIALS 283:291 MATERIALS AND METHODS Polysaccharides were isolated from the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flue-cured tobacco with hot water. 24696548 2 27 attach isolated 326:333 arg1 extraction 364:373 the ultrasound-assisted extraction 340:373 the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flue-cured tobacco with hot water 340:410 MATERIALS AND METHODS Polysaccharides were isolated from the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flue-cured tobacco with hot water. 24696548 12 28 theme antioxidant 1413:1423 arg1 activity 1425:1432 the antioxidant activity 1409:1432 the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides 1409:1451 Various factors influenced the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides. 24696548 9 29 theme OH 1120:1121 arg1 hydroxyl 1124:1131 OH (hydroxyl) and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical 1120:1191 hydroxyl 1124:1131 Both samples showed inhibitory effects on OH (hydroxyl) and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical in a concentration-dependent manner. 24696548 0 30 attach isolated 68:75 arg2 polysaccharide 53:66 antioxidant active polysaccharide 34:66 antioxidant active polysaccharide isolated from flue-cured tobacco 34:99 Fraction and chemical analysis of antioxidant active polysaccharide isolated from flue-cured tobacco leaves. 24696548 0 30 attach isolated 68:75 arg1 tobacco 93:99 flue-cured tobacco 82:99 flue-cured tobacco 82:99 Fraction and chemical analysis of antioxidant active polysaccharide isolated from flue-cured tobacco leaves. 24696548 0 31 theme polysaccharide 53:66 arg1 Fraction 0:7 Fraction 0:7 Fraction 0:7 Fraction and chemical analysis of antioxidant active polysaccharide isolated from flue-cured tobacco leaves. 24696548 0 31 theme polysaccharide 53:66 arg1 analysis 22:29 chemical analysis 13:29 chemical analysis 13:29 Fraction and chemical analysis of antioxidant active polysaccharide isolated from flue-cured tobacco leaves. 24696548 12 32 theme Various 1382:1388 arg1 factors 1390:1396 Various factors 1382:1396 Various factors 1382:1396 Various factors influenced the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides. 24696548 1 33 theme metabolic 124:132 arg1 compounds 134:142 The metabolic compounds 120:142 The metabolic compounds from tobacco 120:155 BACKGROUND The metabolic compounds from tobacco were investigated to posses various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and neuroprotective activities. 24696548 0 34 theme active 46:51 arg1 polysaccharide 53:66 antioxidant active polysaccharide 34:66 antioxidant active polysaccharide isolated from flue-cured tobacco 34:99 Fraction and chemical analysis of antioxidant active polysaccharide isolated from flue-cured tobacco leaves. 24696548 6 35 from polysaccharide 714:727 arg1 analysis 668:675 The analysis 664:675 The analysis of monosaccharide composition in the polysaccharide by GC/MS 664:736 The analysis of monosaccharide composition in the polysaccharide by GC/MS revealed that Fr-I and Fr-II were heteropolysaccharides. 24696548 8 36 theme degradation 988:998 arg1 higher 1042:1047 higher 1042:1047 higher 1042:1047 Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the degradation temperature (Td) of the Fr-I (241 °C) was higher than that of Fr-II (220 °C). 24696548 8 36 theme degradation 988:998 arg1 Td 1013:1014 Td 1013:1014 Td 1013:1014 Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the degradation temperature (Td) of the Fr-I (241 °C) was higher than that of Fr-II (220 °C). 24696548 8 36 theme degradation 988:998 arg1 temperature 1000:1010 the degradation temperature 984:1010 the degradation temperature (Td) of the Fr-I (241 °C) 984:1036 Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the degradation temperature (Td) of the Fr-I (241 °C) was higher than that of Fr-II (220 °C). 24696548 2 37 theme tobacco 389:395 arg1 extraction 364:373 the ultrasound-assisted extraction 340:373 the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flue-cured tobacco with hot water 340:410 MATERIALS AND METHODS Polysaccharides were isolated from the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flue-cured tobacco with hot water. 24696548 9 38 dep radical 1185:1191 arg1 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate 1147:1182 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate 1147:1182 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate 1147:1182 Both samples showed inhibitory effects on OH (hydroxyl) and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical in a concentration-dependent manner. 24696548 9 38 dep radical 1185:1191 arg1 2 1144:1144 2 1144:1144 2 1144:1144 Both samples showed inhibitory effects on OH (hydroxyl) and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical in a concentration-dependent manner. 24696548 6 39 from analysis 668:675 arg1 polysaccharide 714:727 the polysaccharide 710:727 the polysaccharide 710:727 The analysis of monosaccharide composition in the polysaccharide by GC/MS revealed that Fr-I and Fr-II were heteropolysaccharides. 24696548 2 40 theme flue-cured 378:387 arg1 tobacco 389:395 flue-cured tobacco 378:395 flue-cured tobacco 378:395 MATERIALS AND METHODS Polysaccharides were isolated from the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flue-cured tobacco with hot water. 24696548 8 41 theme gravimetric 942:952 arg1 TGA 964:966 TGA 964:966 TGA 964:966 Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the degradation temperature (Td) of the Fr-I (241 °C) was higher than that of Fr-II (220 °C). 24696548 8 41 theme gravimetric 942:952 arg1 analysis 954:961 Thermo gravimetric analysis 935:961 Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) 935:967 Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the degradation temperature (Td) of the Fr-I (241 °C) was higher than that of Fr-II (220 °C). 24696548 6 42 from composition 695:705 arg1 polysaccharide 714:727 the polysaccharide 710:727 the polysaccharide 710:727 The analysis of monosaccharide composition in the polysaccharide by GC/MS revealed that Fr-I and Fr-II were heteropolysaccharides. 24696548 9 43 theme DPPH 1138:1141 arg1 radical 1185:1191 OH (hydroxyl) and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical 1120:1191 radical 1185:1191 Both samples showed inhibitory effects on OH (hydroxyl) and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical in a concentration-dependent manner. 24696548 1 44 dep BACKGROUND 109:118 arg1 investigated 162:173 investigated 162:173 were investigated to posses various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and neuroprotective activities 157:280 BACKGROUND The metabolic compounds from tobacco were investigated to posses various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and neuroprotective activities. 24696548 3 45 theme Thermogravimetric 482:498 arg1 TGA 477:479 TGA 477:479 TGA (Thermogravimetric analysis) 477:508 The purified polysaccharides were analyzed by GC-MS, FT-IR, and TGA (Thermogravimetric analysis). 24696548 3 45 theme Thermogravimetric 482:498 arg1 analysis 500:507 Thermogravimetric analysis 482:507 Thermogravimetric analysis 482:507 The purified polysaccharides were analyzed by GC-MS, FT-IR, and TGA (Thermogravimetric analysis). 24696548 1 46 theme neuroprotective 255:269 arg1 activities 271:280 neuroprotective activities 255:280 neuroprotective activities 255:280 BACKGROUND The metabolic compounds from tobacco were investigated to posses various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and neuroprotective activities. 24696548 11 47 theme antioxidant 1361:1371 arg1 effects 1373:1379 significant antioxidant effects 1349:1379 significant antioxidant effects 1349:1379 CONCLUSION Both polysaccharide fractions showed significant antioxidant effects. 24696548 10 48 contain has 1268:1270 arg2 ability 1292:1298 a strong scavenging ability 1272:1298 a strong scavenging ability 1272:1298 Comparing Fr-I with Fr-II, the latter has a strong scavenging ability. 24696548 10 48 contain has 1268:1270 arg1 latter 1261:1266 latter 1261:1266 latter 1261:1266 Comparing Fr-I with Fr-II, the latter has a strong scavenging ability. 24696548 11 49 dep CONCLUSION 1301:1310 arg1 Both 1312:1315 Both 1312:1315 Both 1312:1315 CONCLUSION Both polysaccharide fractions showed significant antioxidant effects. 24696548 6 50 theme composition 695:705 arg1 analysis 668:675 The analysis 664:675 The analysis of monosaccharide composition in the polysaccharide by GC/MS 664:736 The analysis of monosaccharide composition in the polysaccharide by GC/MS revealed that Fr-I and Fr-II were heteropolysaccharides. 26542530 5 0 with similarity 792:801 arg1 members 814:820 other members 808:820 other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus 808:850 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 6 1 located observed 864:871 arg1 optimum 886:892 optimum 886:892 optimum 886:892 Growth was observed at 20-55 °C (optimum, 37 °C) at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7) and with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 % NaCl). 26542530 6 1 located observed 864:871 arg1 °C 882:883 20-55 °C 876:883 20-55 °C (optimum, 37 °C) 876:900 Growth was observed at 20-55 °C (optimum, 37 °C) at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7) and with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 % NaCl). 26542530 6 1 located observed 864:871 arg2 Growth 853:858 Growth 853:858 Growth 853:858 Growth was observed at 20-55 °C (optimum, 37 °C) at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7) and with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 % NaCl). 26542530 5 2 theme strains 553:559 arg1 sequence 541:548 16S rRNA gene sequence 527:548 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) 527:566 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 3 dep Aneurinibacillus 619:634 arg1 aneuriniticus 636:648 aneuriniticus 636:648 aneuriniticus 636:648 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 9 4 theme U33 1201:1203 arg1 content 1179:1185 The DNA G+C content 1167:1185 The DNA G+C content of the strain U33(T) 1167:1206 The DNA G+C content of the strain U33(T) was 45.8 %. 26542530 9 4 theme U33 1201:1203 arg1 % 1217:1217 45.8 % 1212:1217 45.8 % 1212:1217 The DNA G+C content of the strain U33(T) was 45.8 %. 26542530 3 5 dep aerobic 214:220 arg1 Gram-positive 223:235 Gram-positive 223:235 Gram-positive 223:235 The bacterium was aerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming, and consists of motile rods. 26542530 3 5 dep aerobic 214:220 arg1 aerobic 214:220 aerobic 214:220 aerobic 214:220 The bacterium was aerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming, and consists of motile rods. 26542530 3 5 dep aerobic 214:220 arg1 bacterium 200:208 The bacterium 196:208 The bacterium 196:208 The bacterium was aerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming, and consists of motile rods. 26542530 3 5 dep aerobic 214:220 arg1 spore-forming 238:250 spore-forming 238:250 spore-forming 238:250 The bacterium was aerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming, and consists of motile rods. 26542530 5 6 theme phylogenic 502:511 arg1 analysis 513:520 The phylogenic analysis 498:520 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) 498:566 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 7 theme NCIMB 748:752 arg1 % 769:769 95.8 % 764:769 95.8 % 764:769 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 7 theme NCIMB 748:752 arg1 T 760:760 T 760:760 T 760:760 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 7 theme NCIMB 748:752 arg1 13288 754:758 Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288 723:758 Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %) 723:770 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 4 8 theme genus 474:478 arg1 Aneurinibacillus 480:495 the genus Aneurinibacillus 470:495 the genus Aneurinibacillus 470:495 The taxonomic position of strain U33(T) was studied by a polyphasic approach, and the results clearly showed that the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties are consistent with those of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 8 9 theme major 1089:1093 arg1 iso-C15:0 1120:1128 iso-C15:0 1120:1128 iso-C15:0 (58.0 %) 1120:1137 The major cellular fatty acids are iso-C15:0 (58.0 %) and anteiso-C15:0 (13.2 %). 26542530 8 9 theme major 1089:1093 arg1 acids 1110:1114 The major cellular fatty acids 1085:1114 The major cellular fatty acids 1085:1114 The major cellular fatty acids are iso-C15:0 (58.0 %) and anteiso-C15:0 (13.2 %). 26542530 4 10 theme phenotypic 400:409 arg1 consistent 445:454 consistent 445:454 consistent 445:454 The taxonomic position of strain U33(T) was studied by a polyphasic approach, and the results clearly showed that the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties are consistent with those of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 4 10 theme phenotypic 400:409 arg1 properties 430:439 the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties 396:439 the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties 396:439 The taxonomic position of strain U33(T) was studied by a polyphasic approach, and the results clearly showed that the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties are consistent with those of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 4 11 theme U33 315:317 arg1 position 296:303 The taxonomic position 282:303 The taxonomic position of strain U33(T) 282:320 The taxonomic position of strain U33(T) was studied by a polyphasic approach, and the results clearly showed that the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties are consistent with those of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 1 12 theme Soil 46:49 arg1 Collected 51:59 Soil Collected 46:59 Soil Collected in Ukraine 46:70 nov., Isolated from Soil Collected in Ukraine. 26542530 1 13 from Collected 51:59 arg1 Ukraine 64:70 Ukraine 64:70 Ukraine 64:70 nov., Isolated from Soil Collected in Ukraine. 26542530 5 14 theme Aneurinibacillus 619:634 arg1 % 670:670 96.7 % 665:670 96.7 % 665:670 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 14 theme Aneurinibacillus 619:634 arg1 T 661:661 T 661:661 T 661:661 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 14 theme Aneurinibacillus 619:634 arg1 12856 655:659 Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856 619:659 Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %) 619:671 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 10 15 theme Aneurinibacillus 1343:1358 arg1 species 1326:1332 the validly published species 1304:1332 the validly published species of genus Aneurinibacillus 1304:1358 The physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics distinguish strain U33(T) from the validly published species of genus Aneurinibacillus, and therefore, we consider this strain to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 3 16 theme motile 269:274 arg1 rods 276:279 motile rods 269:279 motile rods 269:279 The bacterium was aerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming, and consists of motile rods. 26542530 5 17 theme rRNA 531:534 arg1 sequence 541:548 16S rRNA gene sequence 527:548 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) 527:566 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 18 theme 16S 527:529 arg1 sequence 541:548 16S rRNA gene sequence 527:548 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) 527:566 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 19 theme lower 777:781 arg1 similarity 792:801 lower sequence similarity 777:801 lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus 777:850 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 6 20 dep optimum 917:923 arg1 pH 926:927 pH 7 926:929 pH 7 926:929 Growth was observed at 20-55 °C (optimum, 37 °C) at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7) and with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 % NaCl). 26542530 5 21 theme ATCC 650:653 arg1 % 670:670 96.7 % 665:670 96.7 % 665:670 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 21 theme ATCC 650:653 arg1 T 661:661 T 661:661 T 661:661 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 21 theme ATCC 650:653 arg1 12856 655:659 Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856 619:659 Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %) 619:671 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 22 theme gene 536:539 arg1 sequence 541:548 16S rRNA gene sequence 527:548 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) 527:566 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 23 theme sequence 783:790 arg1 similarity 792:801 lower sequence similarity 777:801 lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus 777:850 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 0 24 theme humi 17:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Aneurinibacillus humi sp 0:23 Aneurinibacillus humi sp. 0:24 Aneurinibacillus humi sp. 26542530 5 25 with 13288 754:758 arg1 members 814:820 other members 808:820 other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus 808:850 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 4 26 theme taxonomic 286:294 arg1 position 296:303 The taxonomic position 282:303 The taxonomic position of strain U33(T) 282:320 The taxonomic position of strain U33(T) was studied by a polyphasic approach, and the results clearly showed that the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties are consistent with those of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 4 27 with consistent 445:454 arg1 those 461:465 those 461:465 those 461:465 The taxonomic position of strain U33(T) was studied by a polyphasic approach, and the results clearly showed that the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties are consistent with those of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 10 28 theme chemotaxonomic 1242:1255 arg1 characteristics 1257:1271 The physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1220:1271 The physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1220:1271 The physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics distinguish strain U33(T) from the validly published species of genus Aneurinibacillus, and therefore, we consider this strain to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 10 29 theme Aneurinibacillus 1442:1457 arg1 species 1421:1427 a novel species 1413:1427 a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus 1413:1457 The physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics distinguish strain U33(T) from the validly published species of genus Aneurinibacillus, and therefore, we consider this strain to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 0 30 theme Aneurinibacillus 0:15 arg1 sp 22:23 Aneurinibacillus humi sp 0:23 Aneurinibacillus humi sp. 0:24 Aneurinibacillus humi sp. 26542530 6 31 theme % 945:945 arg1 NaCl 953:956 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl 941:956 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 % NaCl) 941:976 Growth was observed at 20-55 °C (optimum, 37 °C) at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7) and with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 % NaCl). 26542530 6 31 theme % 945:945 arg1 NaCl 972:975 optimum, 2 % NaCl 959:975 NaCl 972:975 Growth was observed at 20-55 °C (optimum, 37 °C) at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7) and with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 % NaCl). 26542530 4 32 theme strain 308:313 arg1 T 319:319 T 319:319 T 319:319 The taxonomic position of strain U33(T) was studied by a polyphasic approach, and the results clearly showed that the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties are consistent with those of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 4 32 theme strain 308:313 arg1 U33 315:317 strain U33 308:317 strain U33(T) 308:320 The taxonomic position of strain U33(T) was studied by a polyphasic approach, and the results clearly showed that the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties are consistent with those of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 11 33 theme Aneurinibaciilus 1469:1484 arg1 sp 1491:1492 The name Aneurinibaciilus humi sp 1460:1492 The name Aneurinibaciilus humi sp. 1460:1493 The name Aneurinibaciilus humi sp. 26542530 7 34 theme menaquinone 995:1005 arg1 MK-7 1011:1014 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 979:1014 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 979:1014 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the cell wall peptidoglycan consist of meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26542530 7 35 theme cell 1024:1027 arg1 peptidoglycan 1034:1046 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1020:1046 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1020:1046 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the cell wall peptidoglycan consist of meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26542530 5 36 theme migulanus 691:699 arg1 T 710:710 T 710:710 T 710:710 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 36 theme migulanus 691:699 arg1 2895 705:708 Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895 674:708 Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %) 674:720 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 36 theme migulanus 691:699 arg1 % 719:719 96.7 % 714:719 96.7 % 714:719 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 37 theme Aneurinibacillus 674:689 arg1 T 710:710 T 710:710 T 710:710 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 37 theme Aneurinibacillus 674:689 arg1 2895 705:708 Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895 674:708 Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %) 674:720 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 37 theme Aneurinibacillus 674:689 arg1 % 719:719 96.7 % 714:719 96.7 % 714:719 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 38 theme sequence 587:594 arg1 similarity 596:605 the highest sequence similarity 575:605 the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %) 575:671 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 10 39 theme genus 1436:1440 arg1 Aneurinibacillus 1442:1457 the genus Aneurinibacillus 1432:1457 the genus Aneurinibacillus 1432:1457 The physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics distinguish strain U33(T) from the validly published species of genus Aneurinibacillus, and therefore, we consider this strain to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 8 40 theme cellular 1095:1102 arg1 iso-C15:0 1120:1128 iso-C15:0 1120:1128 iso-C15:0 (58.0 %) 1120:1137 The major cellular fatty acids are iso-C15:0 (58.0 %) and anteiso-C15:0 (13.2 %). 26542530 8 40 theme cellular 1095:1102 arg1 acids 1110:1114 The major cellular fatty acids 1085:1114 The major cellular fatty acids 1085:1114 The major cellular fatty acids are iso-C15:0 (58.0 %) and anteiso-C15:0 (13.2 %). 26542530 10 41 theme published 1316:1324 arg1 species 1326:1332 the validly published species 1304:1332 the validly published species of genus Aneurinibacillus 1304:1358 The physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics distinguish strain U33(T) from the validly published species of genus Aneurinibacillus, and therefore, we consider this strain to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 42 theme DSM 701:703 arg1 T 710:710 T 710:710 T 710:710 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 42 theme DSM 701:703 arg1 2895 705:708 Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895 674:708 Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %) 674:720 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 42 theme DSM 701:703 arg1 % 719:719 96.7 % 714:719 96.7 % 714:719 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 8 43 theme fatty 1104:1108 arg1 iso-C15:0 1120:1128 iso-C15:0 1120:1128 iso-C15:0 (58.0 %) 1120:1137 The major cellular fatty acids are iso-C15:0 (58.0 %) and anteiso-C15:0 (13.2 %). 26542530 8 43 theme fatty 1104:1108 arg1 acids 1110:1114 The major cellular fatty acids 1085:1114 The major cellular fatty acids 1085:1114 The major cellular fatty acids are iso-C15:0 (58.0 %) and anteiso-C15:0 (13.2 %). 26542530 2 44 theme soil 131:134 arg1 sample 136:141 a soil sample 129:141 a soil sample collected in Mykhailyky, Poltavs'ka oblast, Ukraine 129:193 A novel bacterium, designated U33(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected in Mykhailyky, Poltavs'ka oblast, Ukraine. 26542530 5 45 dep Aneurinibacillus 723:738 arg1 danicus 740:746 danicus 740:746 danicus 740:746 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 12 46 theme type 1572:1575 arg1 strain 1577:1582 the type strain 1568:1582 the type strain 1568:1582 nov. is proposed with strain U33(T) (= KEMC7305-119(T) = JCM19865(T)) as the type strain. 26542530 12 46 theme type 1572:1575 arg1 nov. 1495:1498 nov. 1495:1498 nov. 1495:1498 nov. is proposed with strain U33(T) (= KEMC7305-119(T) = JCM19865(T)) as the type strain. 26542530 7 47 theme predominant 983:993 arg1 MK-7 1011:1014 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 979:1014 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 979:1014 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the cell wall peptidoglycan consist of meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26542530 5 48 with 2895 705:708 arg1 members 814:820 other members 808:820 other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus 808:850 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 4 49 theme polyphasic 339:348 arg1 approach 350:357 a polyphasic approach 337:357 a polyphasic approach 337:357 The taxonomic position of strain U33(T) was studied by a polyphasic approach, and the results clearly showed that the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties are consistent with those of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 6 50 theme optimum 959:965 arg1 NaCl 953:956 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl 941:956 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 % NaCl) 941:976 Growth was observed at 20-55 °C (optimum, 37 °C) at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7) and with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 % NaCl). 26542530 6 50 theme optimum 959:965 arg1 NaCl 972:975 optimum, 2 % NaCl 959:975 NaCl 972:975 Growth was observed at 20-55 °C (optimum, 37 °C) at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7) and with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 % NaCl). 26542530 2 51 attach isolated 115:122 arg2 bacterium 81:89 A novel bacterium 73:89 A novel bacterium 73:89 A novel bacterium, designated U33(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected in Mykhailyky, Poltavs'ka oblast, Ukraine. 26542530 2 51 attach isolated 115:122 arg1 sample 136:141 a soil sample 129:141 a soil sample collected in Mykhailyky, Poltavs'ka oblast, Ukraine 129:193 A novel bacterium, designated U33(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected in Mykhailyky, Poltavs'ka oblast, Ukraine. 26542530 6 52 theme % 970:970 arg1 NaCl 953:956 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl 941:956 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 % NaCl) 941:976 Growth was observed at 20-55 °C (optimum, 37 °C) at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7) and with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 % NaCl). 26542530 6 52 theme % 970:970 arg1 NaCl 972:975 optimum, 2 % NaCl 959:975 NaCl 972:975 Growth was observed at 20-55 °C (optimum, 37 °C) at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7) and with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 % NaCl). 26542530 11 53 theme humi 1486:1489 arg1 sp 1491:1492 The name Aneurinibaciilus humi sp 1460:1492 The name Aneurinibaciilus humi sp. 1460:1493 The name Aneurinibaciilus humi sp. 26542530 12 54 theme = 1550:1550 arg1 T 1561:1561 T 1561:1561 T 1561:1561 nov. is proposed with strain U33(T) (= KEMC7305-119(T) = JCM19865(T)) as the type strain. 26542530 12 54 theme = 1550:1550 arg1 U33 1524:1526 strain U33 1517:1526 strain U33(T) (= KEMC7305-119(T) = JCM19865(T)) 1517:1563 nov. is proposed with strain U33(T) (= KEMC7305-119(T) = JCM19865(T)) as the type strain. 26542530 12 54 theme = 1550:1550 arg1 JCM19865 1552:1559 = KEMC7305-119(T) = JCM19865 1532:1559 = KEMC7305-119(T) = JCM19865(T) 1532:1562 nov. is proposed with strain U33(T) (= KEMC7305-119(T) = JCM19865(T)) as the type strain. 26542530 7 55 theme wall 1029:1032 arg1 peptidoglycan 1034:1046 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1020:1046 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1020:1046 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the cell wall peptidoglycan consist of meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26542530 5 56 dep strains 553:559 arg1 U33 561:563 U33 561:563 strains U33(T) 553:566 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 56 dep strains 553:559 arg1 T 565:565 T 565:565 T 565:565 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 57 with similarity 596:605 arg1 members 814:820 other members 808:820 other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus 808:850 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 2 58 theme novel 75:79 arg1 bacterium 81:89 A novel bacterium 73:89 A novel bacterium 73:89 A novel bacterium, designated U33(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected in Mykhailyky, Poltavs'ka oblast, Ukraine. 26542530 10 59 theme physiological 1224:1236 arg1 characteristics 1257:1271 The physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1220:1271 The physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1220:1271 The physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics distinguish strain U33(T) from the validly published species of genus Aneurinibacillus, and therefore, we consider this strain to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 60 theme genus 829:833 arg1 Aneurinibacillus 835:850 the genus Aneurinibacillus 825:850 the genus Aneurinibacillus 825:850 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 9 61 theme DNA 1171:1173 arg1 content 1179:1185 The DNA G+C content 1167:1185 The DNA G+C content of the strain U33(T) 1167:1206 The DNA G+C content of the strain U33(T) was 45.8 %. 26542530 9 61 theme DNA 1171:1173 arg1 % 1217:1217 45.8 % 1212:1217 45.8 % 1212:1217 The DNA G+C content of the strain U33(T) was 45.8 %. 26542530 10 62 theme strain 1285:1290 arg1 U33 1292:1294 strain U33 1285:1294 strain U33(T) 1285:1297 The physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics distinguish strain U33(T) from the validly published species of genus Aneurinibacillus, and therefore, we consider this strain to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 10 62 theme strain 1285:1290 arg1 T 1296:1296 T 1296:1296 T 1296:1296 The physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics distinguish strain U33(T) from the validly published species of genus Aneurinibacillus, and therefore, we consider this strain to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 11 63 theme name 1464:1467 arg1 sp 1491:1492 The name Aneurinibaciilus humi sp 1460:1492 The name Aneurinibaciilus humi sp. 1460:1493 The name Aneurinibaciilus humi sp. 26542530 12 64 theme strain 1517:1522 arg1 T 1528:1528 T 1528:1528 T 1528:1528 nov. is proposed with strain U33(T) (= KEMC7305-119(T) = JCM19865(T)) as the type strain. 26542530 12 64 theme strain 1517:1522 arg1 U33 1524:1526 strain U33 1517:1526 strain U33(T) (= KEMC7305-119(T) = JCM19865(T)) 1517:1563 nov. is proposed with strain U33(T) (= KEMC7305-119(T) = JCM19865(T)) as the type strain. 26542530 12 64 theme strain 1517:1522 arg1 JCM19865 1552:1559 = KEMC7305-119(T) = JCM19865 1532:1559 = KEMC7305-119(T) = JCM19865(T) 1532:1562 nov. is proposed with strain U33(T) (= KEMC7305-119(T) = JCM19865(T)) as the type strain. 26542530 5 65 theme Aneurinibacillus 835:850 arg1 members 814:820 other members 808:820 other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus 808:850 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 6 66 dep optimum 886:892 arg1 °C 898:899 37 °C 895:899 37 °C 895:899 Growth was observed at 20-55 °C (optimum, 37 °C) at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7) and with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 % NaCl). 26542530 10 67 theme novel 1415:1419 arg1 species 1421:1427 a novel species 1413:1427 a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus 1413:1457 The physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics distinguish strain U33(T) from the validly published species of genus Aneurinibacillus, and therefore, we consider this strain to represent a novel species of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 68 with analysis 513:520 arg1 sequence 541:548 16S rRNA gene sequence 527:548 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) 527:566 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 7 69 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1059:1077 arg1 acid 1079:1082 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1059:1082 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1059:1082 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the cell wall peptidoglycan consist of meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26542530 6 70 theme w/v 948:950 arg1 NaCl 953:956 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl 941:956 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 % NaCl) 941:976 Growth was observed at 20-55 °C (optimum, 37 °C) at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7) and with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 % NaCl). 26542530 6 70 theme w/v 948:950 arg1 NaCl 972:975 optimum, 2 % NaCl 959:975 NaCl 972:975 Growth was observed at 20-55 °C (optimum, 37 °C) at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7) and with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 % NaCl). 26542530 6 71 from pH 905:906 arg1 optimum 886:892 optimum 886:892 optimum 886:892 Growth was observed at 20-55 °C (optimum, 37 °C) at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7) and with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 % NaCl). 26542530 6 71 from pH 905:906 arg1 °C 882:883 20-55 °C 876:883 20-55 °C (optimum, 37 °C) 876:900 Growth was observed at 20-55 °C (optimum, 37 °C) at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7) and with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 % NaCl). 26542530 5 72 theme highest 579:585 arg1 similarity 596:605 the highest sequence similarity 575:605 the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %) 575:671 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 9 73 theme strain 1194:1199 arg1 T 1205:1205 T 1205:1205 T 1205:1205 The DNA G+C content of the strain U33(T) was 45.8 %. 26542530 9 73 theme strain 1194:1199 arg1 U33 1201:1203 the strain U33 1190:1203 the strain U33(T) 1190:1206 The DNA G+C content of the strain U33(T) was 45.8 %. 26542530 7 74 theme was 1007:1009 arg1 MK-7 1011:1014 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 979:1014 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 979:1014 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the cell wall peptidoglycan consist of meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26542530 5 75 theme other 808:812 arg1 members 814:820 other members 808:820 other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus 808:850 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 9 76 theme G+C 1175:1177 arg1 content 1179:1185 The DNA G+C content 1167:1185 The DNA G+C content of the strain U33(T) 1167:1206 The DNA G+C content of the strain U33(T) was 45.8 %. 26542530 9 76 theme G+C 1175:1177 arg1 % 1217:1217 45.8 % 1212:1217 45.8 % 1212:1217 The DNA G+C content of the strain U33(T) was 45.8 %. 26542530 5 77 theme Aneurinibacillus 723:738 arg1 % 769:769 95.8 % 764:769 95.8 % 764:769 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 77 theme Aneurinibacillus 723:738 arg1 T 760:760 T 760:760 T 760:760 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 5 77 theme Aneurinibacillus 723:738 arg1 13288 754:758 Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288 723:758 Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %) 723:770 The phylogenic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains U33(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to those of Aneurinibacillus aneuriniticus ATCC 12856(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus migulanus DSM 2895(T) (96.7 %), Aneurinibacillus danicus NCIMB 13288(T) (95.8 %), and lower sequence similarity with other members of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 4 78 theme chemotaxonomic 415:428 arg1 consistent 445:454 consistent 445:454 consistent 445:454 The taxonomic position of strain U33(T) was studied by a polyphasic approach, and the results clearly showed that the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties are consistent with those of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26542530 4 78 theme chemotaxonomic 415:428 arg1 properties 430:439 the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties 396:439 the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties 396:439 The taxonomic position of strain U33(T) was studied by a polyphasic approach, and the results clearly showed that the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties are consistent with those of the genus Aneurinibacillus. 26289817 4 0 theme w/v 426:428 arg1 % 447:447 optimum 0 % 437:447 optimum 0 % 437:447 The strain grew at 20-45 °C (optimum 35 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 9) and with 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26289817 4 0 theme w/v 426:428 arg1 NaCl 431:434 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl 418:434 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %) 418:448 The strain grew at 20-45 °C (optimum 35 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 9) and with 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26289817 5 1 with 23495T 683:688 arg1 A1-2T 652:656 Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T 634:656 Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T 634:656 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 10 2 theme solani 1354:1359 arg1 sp 1361:1362 the name Bacillus solani sp 1336:1362 the name Bacillus solani sp 1336:1362 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-18043T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solani sp. 26289817 5 3 with 4585T 715:719 arg1 A1-2T 652:656 Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T 634:656 Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T 634:656 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 6 4 dep B. 826:827 arg1 eiseniae 829:836 eiseniae 829:836 eiseniae 829:836 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-18043T and B. eiseniae A1-2 T was lower than 70 % (36.1 %). 26289817 5 5 theme Bacillus 659:666 arg1 23495T 683:688 Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T 659:688 Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T 659:688 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 2 6 theme Gram-stain-positive 84:102 arg1 bacterium 123:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium 76:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium 76:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-18043T, was isolated from a soil sample of a potato field in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. 26289817 10 7 theme genotypic 1208:1216 arg1 properties 1218:1227 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1177:1227 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1177:1227 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-18043T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solani sp. 26289817 4 8 theme optimum 363:369 arg1 20-45 °C 353:360 20-45 °C 353:360 20-45 °C (optimum 35 °C) 353:376 The strain grew at 20-45 °C (optimum 35 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 9) and with 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26289817 4 8 theme optimum 363:369 arg1 35 °C 371:375 optimum 35 °C 363:375 optimum 35 °C 363:375 The strain grew at 20-45 °C (optimum 35 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 9) and with 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26289817 5 9 theme 97.2  622:626 arg1 % 627:627 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % 601:627 % 627:627 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 2 10 theme novel 78:82 arg1 bacterium 123:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium 76:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium 76:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-18043T, was isolated from a soil sample of a potato field in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. 26289817 5 11 dep Bacillus 691:698 arg1 gottheilii 700:709 gottheilii 700:709 gottheilii 700:709 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 1 12 theme rhizosphere 40:50 arg1 soil 52:55 rhizosphere soil 40:55 rhizosphere soil of a potato field 40:73 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a potato field. 26289817 5 13 theme % 627:627 arg1 similarities 585:596 similarities 585:596 similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively 585:772 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 2 14 theme strain 145:150 arg1 FJAT-18043T 152:162 strain FJAT-18043T 145:162 strain FJAT-18043T 145:162 A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-18043T, was isolated from a soil sample of a potato field in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. 26289817 10 15 theme novel 1285:1289 arg1 species 1291:1297 a novel species 1283:1297 a novel species 1283:1297 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-18043T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solani sp. 26289817 10 16 theme name 1340:1343 arg1 sp 1361:1362 the name Bacillus solani sp 1336:1362 the name Bacillus solani sp 1336:1362 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-18043T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solani sp. 26289817 3 17 theme peritrichous 311:322 arg1 flagella 324:331 peritrichous flagella 311:331 peritrichous flagella 311:331 Cells were rods that were catalase-positive and motile by peritrichous flagella. 26289817 6 18 theme strain 803:808 arg1 FJAT-18043T 810:820 strain FJAT-18043T 803:820 strain FJAT-18043T 803:820 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-18043T and B. eiseniae A1-2 T was lower than 70 % (36.1 %). 26289817 5 19 theme Bacillus 725:732 arg1 DS22T 754:758 Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T 725:758 Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T 725:758 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 5 20 theme strain 521:526 arg1 FJAT-18043T 528:538 strain FJAT-18043T 521:538 strain FJAT-18043T 521:538 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 5 21 theme Bacillus 634:641 arg1 A1-2T 652:656 Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T 634:656 Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T 634:656 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 10 22 dep genus 1310:1314 arg1 Bacillus 1316:1323 the genus Bacillus 1306:1323 the genus Bacillus 1306:1323 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-18043T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solani sp. 26289817 2 23 from field 209:213 arg1 China 246:250 China 246:250 China 246:250 A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-18043T, was isolated from a soil sample of a potato field in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. 26289817 2 24 from sample 190:195 arg1 China 246:250 China 246:250 China 246:250 A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-18043T, was isolated from a soil sample of a potato field in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. 26289817 0 25 theme solani 9:14 arg1 sp 16:17 Bacillus solani sp 0:17 Bacillus solani sp. 0:18 Bacillus solani sp. 26289817 4 26 theme % 423:423 arg1 % 447:447 optimum 0 % 437:447 optimum 0 % 437:447 The strain grew at 20-45 °C (optimum 35 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 9) and with 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26289817 4 26 theme % 423:423 arg1 NaCl 431:434 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl 418:434 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %) 418:448 The strain grew at 20-45 °C (optimum 35 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 9) and with 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26289817 5 27 theme 16S 482:484 arg1 sequences 496:504 16S rRNA gene sequences 482:504 16S rRNA gene sequences 482:504 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 1 28 theme potato 62:67 arg1 field 69:73 a potato field 60:73 a potato field 60:73 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a potato field. 26289817 9 29 theme G+C 1150:1152 arg1 content 1154:1160 The DNA G+C content 1142:1160 The DNA G+C content 1142:1160 The DNA G+C content was 48.8 mol%. 26289817 9 29 theme G+C 1150:1152 arg1 % 1174:1174 48.8 mol% 1166:1174 48.8 mol% 1166:1174 The DNA G+C content was 48.8 mol%. 26289817 0 30 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 16:17 Bacillus solani sp 0:17 Bacillus solani sp. 0:18 Bacillus solani sp. 26289817 9 31 theme 48.8 mol 1166:1173 arg1 content 1154:1160 The DNA G+C content 1142:1160 The DNA G+C content 1142:1160 The DNA G+C content was 48.8 mol%. 26289817 9 31 theme 48.8 mol 1166:1173 arg1 % 1174:1174 48.8 mol% 1166:1174 48.8 mol% 1166:1174 The DNA G+C content was 48.8 mol%. 26289817 5 32 theme rRNA 486:489 arg1 sequences 496:504 16S rRNA gene sequences 482:504 16S rRNA gene sequences 482:504 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 1 33 theme field 69:73 arg1 soil 52:55 rhizosphere soil 40:55 rhizosphere soil of a potato field 40:73 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a potato field. 26289817 5 34 theme WCC 711:713 arg1 4585T 715:719 Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T 691:719 Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T 691:719 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 8 35 dep anteiso-C15  1057:1068 arg1  0 1070:1071  0 1070:1071  0 1070:1071 The major fatty acids detected were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26289817 8 35 dep anteiso-C15  1057:1068 arg1 acids 1037:1041 The major fatty acids 1021:1041 The major fatty acids detected 1021:1050 The major fatty acids detected were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26289817 8 35 dep anteiso-C15  1057:1068 arg1 anteiso-C15  1057:1068 anteiso-C15  1057:1068 anteiso-C15  1057:1068 The major fatty acids detected were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26289817 10 36 theme Bacillus 1345:1352 arg1 sp 1361:1362 the name Bacillus solani sp 1336:1362 the name Bacillus solani sp 1336:1362 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-18043T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solani sp. 26289817 5 37 theme gene 491:494 arg1 sequences 496:504 16S rRNA gene sequences 482:504 16S rRNA gene sequences 482:504 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 5 38 theme 4585T 715:719 arg1 similarities 585:596 similarities 585:596 similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively 585:772 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 5 39 with DS22T 754:758 arg1 A1-2T 652:656 Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T 634:656 Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T 634:656 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 6 40 theme DNA-DNA 775:781 arg1 relatedness 783:793 DNA-DNA relatedness 775:793 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-18043T and B. eiseniae A1-2 T 775:843 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-18043T and B. eiseniae A1-2 T was lower than 70 % (36.1 %). 26289817 8 41 dep  0 1083:1084 arg1  0 1096:1097  0 1096:1097  0 1096:1097 The major fatty acids detected were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26289817 2 42 attach isolated 169:176 arg2 bacterium 123:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium 76:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium 76:131 A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-18043T, was isolated from a soil sample of a potato field in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. 26289817 2 42 attach isolated 169:176 arg1 sample 190:195 a soil sample 183:195 a soil sample of a potato field in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China 183:250 A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-18043T, was isolated from a soil sample of a potato field in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. 26289817 5 43 dep Bacillus 659:666 arg1 horneckiae 668:677 horneckiae 668:677 horneckiae 668:677 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 7 44 theme polar 928:932 arg1 lipids 934:939 the major polar lipids 918:939 the major polar lipids 918:939 The menaquinone was identified as MK-7 and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 26289817 7 44 theme polar 928:932 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 946:967 diphosphatidylglycerol 946:967 diphosphatidylglycerol 946:967 The menaquinone was identified as MK-7 and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 26289817 4 45 theme optimum 395:401 arg1 pH 6.0-10.0 382:392 pH 6.0-10.0 382:392 pH 6.0-10.0 382:392 The strain grew at 20-45 °C (optimum 35 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 9) and with 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26289817 4 45 theme optimum 395:401 arg1 pH 9 403:406 optimum pH 9 395:406 optimum pH 9 395:406 The strain grew at 20-45 °C (optimum 35 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 9) and with 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26289817 2 46 theme field 209:213 arg1 sample 190:195 a soil sample 183:195 a soil sample of a potato field in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China 183:250 A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-18043T, was isolated from a soil sample of a potato field in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. 26289817 5 47 theme DSM 679:681 arg1 23495T 683:688 Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T 659:688 Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T 659:688 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 4 48 theme 0  445:446 arg1 % 447:447 optimum 0 % 437:447 optimum 0 % 437:447 The strain grew at 20-45 °C (optimum 35 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 9) and with 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26289817 4 48 theme 0  445:446 arg1 NaCl 431:434 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl 418:434 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %) 418:448 The strain grew at 20-45 °C (optimum 35 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 9) and with 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26289817 9 49 theme DNA 1146:1148 arg1 content 1154:1160 The DNA G+C content 1142:1160 The DNA G+C content 1142:1160 The DNA G+C content was 48.8 mol%. 26289817 9 49 theme DNA 1146:1148 arg1 % 1174:1174 48.8 mol% 1166:1174 48.8 mol% 1166:1174 The DNA G+C content was 48.8 mol%. 26289817 2 50 theme potato 202:207 arg1 field 209:213 a potato field 200:213 a potato field in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China 200:250 A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-18043T, was isolated from a soil sample of a potato field in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. 26289817 10 51 theme Phenotypic 1177:1186 arg1 properties 1218:1227 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1177:1227 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1177:1227 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-18043T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solani sp. 26289817 5 52 theme DS22T 754:758 arg1 similarities 585:596 similarities 585:596 similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively 585:772 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 5 53 theme 23495T 683:688 arg1 similarities 585:596 similarities 585:596 similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively 585:772 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 2 54 dep Gram-stain-positive 84:102 arg1 endospore-forming 105:121 endospore-forming 105:121 endospore-forming 105:121 A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-18043T, was isolated from a soil sample of a potato field in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. 26289817 5 55 theme Phylogenetic 451:462 arg1 analysis 464:471 Phylogenetic analysis 451:471 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 451:504 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 12 56 theme AB 1437:1438 arg1 2014277T 1440:1447  = DSM 29501T = CCTCC AB 2014277T 1415:1447  = DSM 29501T = CCTCC AB 2014277T 1415:1447 The type strain is FJAT-18043T ( = DSM 29501T = CCTCC AB 2014277T). 26289817 12 56 theme AB 1437:1438 arg1 FJAT-18043T 1402:1412 FJAT-18043T 1402:1412 FJAT-18043T ( = DSM 29501T = CCTCC AB 2014277T) 1402:1448 The type strain is FJAT-18043T ( = DSM 29501T = CCTCC AB 2014277T). 26289817 7 57 theme major 922:926 arg1 lipids 934:939 the major polar lipids 918:939 the major polar lipids 918:939 The menaquinone was identified as MK-7 and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 26289817 7 57 theme major 922:926 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 946:967 diphosphatidylglycerol 946:967 diphosphatidylglycerol 946:967 The menaquinone was identified as MK-7 and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 26289817 6 58 theme B. 826:827 arg1 T 843:843 B. eiseniae A1-2 T 826:843 B. eiseniae A1-2 T 826:843 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-18043T and B. eiseniae A1-2 T was lower than 70 % (36.1 %). 26289817 5 59 with % 627:627 arg1 A1-2T 652:656 Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T 634:656 Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T 634:656 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 8 60 dep  0 1070:1071 arg1  0 1113:1114  0 1113:1114  0 1113:1114 The major fatty acids detected were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26289817 8 60 dep  0 1070:1071 arg1 C16  1117:1120 C16  1117:1120 C16  1117:1120 The major fatty acids detected were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26289817 8 60 dep  0 1070:1071 arg1  0 1138:1139  0 1138:1139  0 1138:1139 The major fatty acids detected were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26289817 8 60 dep  0 1070:1071 arg1  0 1122:1123  0 1122:1123  0 1122:1123 The major fatty acids detected were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26289817 8 60 dep  0 1070:1071 arg1  0 1083:1084  0 1083:1084  0 1083:1084 The major fatty acids detected were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26289817 8 60 dep  0 1070:1071 arg1 iso-C14  1129:1136 iso-C14  1129:1136 iso-C14  1129:1136 The major fatty acids detected were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26289817 2 61 from China 246:250 arg1 sample 190:195 a soil sample 183:195 a soil sample of a potato field in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China 183:250 A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-18043T, was isolated from a soil sample of a potato field in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. 26289817 12 62 theme 29501T = CCTCC 1422:1435 arg1 2014277T 1440:1447  = DSM 29501T = CCTCC AB 2014277T 1415:1447  = DSM 29501T = CCTCC AB 2014277T 1415:1447 The type strain is FJAT-18043T ( = DSM 29501T = CCTCC AB 2014277T). 26289817 12 62 theme 29501T = CCTCC 1422:1435 arg1 FJAT-18043T 1402:1412 FJAT-18043T 1402:1412 FJAT-18043T ( = DSM 29501T = CCTCC AB 2014277T) 1402:1448 The type strain is FJAT-18043T ( = DSM 29501T = CCTCC AB 2014277T). 26289817 5 63 theme 97.7 601:604 arg1 % 627:627 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % 601:627 % 627:627 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 2 64 theme soil 185:188 arg1 sample 190:195 a soil sample 183:195 a soil sample of a potato field in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China 183:250 A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-18043T, was isolated from a soil sample of a potato field in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. 26289817 8 65 theme major 1025:1029 arg1  0 1070:1071  0 1070:1071  0 1070:1071 The major fatty acids detected were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26289817 8 65 theme major 1025:1029 arg1 acids 1037:1041 The major fatty acids 1021:1041 The major fatty acids detected 1021:1050 The major fatty acids detected were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26289817 8 65 theme major 1025:1029 arg1 anteiso-C15  1057:1068 anteiso-C15  1057:1068 anteiso-C15  1057:1068 The major fatty acids detected were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26289817 2 66 theme Autonomous 227:236 arg1 Region 238:243 Autonomous Region 227:243 Autonomous Region 227:243 A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-18043T, was isolated from a soil sample of a potato field in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. 26289817 8 67 theme fatty 1031:1035 arg1  0 1070:1071  0 1070:1071  0 1070:1071 The major fatty acids detected were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26289817 8 67 theme fatty 1031:1035 arg1 acids 1037:1041 The major fatty acids 1021:1041 The major fatty acids detected 1021:1050 The major fatty acids detected were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26289817 8 67 theme fatty 1031:1035 arg1 anteiso-C15  1057:1068 anteiso-C15  1057:1068 anteiso-C15  1057:1068 The major fatty acids detected were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. 26289817 12 68 theme type 1387:1390 arg1 strain 1392:1397 The type strain 1383:1397 The type strain 1383:1397 The type strain is FJAT-18043T ( = DSM 29501T = CCTCC AB 2014277T). 26289817 12 68 theme type 1387:1390 arg1 FJAT-18043T 1402:1412 FJAT-18043T 1402:1412 FJAT-18043T ( = DSM 29501T = CCTCC AB 2014277T) 1402:1448 The type strain is FJAT-18043T ( = DSM 29501T = CCTCC AB 2014277T). 26289817 5 69 theme eiseniae 643:650 arg1 A1-2T 652:656 Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T 634:656 Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T 634:656 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 12 70 theme  = DSM 1415:1420 arg1 2014277T 1440:1447  = DSM 29501T = CCTCC AB 2014277T 1415:1447  = DSM 29501T = CCTCC AB 2014277T 1415:1447 The type strain is FJAT-18043T ( = DSM 29501T = CCTCC AB 2014277T). 26289817 12 70 theme  = DSM 1415:1420 arg1 FJAT-18043T 1402:1412 FJAT-18043T 1402:1412 FJAT-18043T ( = DSM 29501T = CCTCC AB 2014277T) 1402:1448 The type strain is FJAT-18043T ( = DSM 29501T = CCTCC AB 2014277T). 26289817 6 71 theme A1-2 838:841 arg1 T 843:843 B. eiseniae A1-2 T 826:843 B. eiseniae A1-2 T 826:843 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-18043T and B. eiseniae A1-2 T was lower than 70 % (36.1 %). 26289817 5 72 dep Bacillus 725:732 arg1 purgationiresistens 734:752 purgationiresistens 734:752 purgationiresistens 734:752 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 10 73 theme chemotaxonomic 1189:1202 arg1 properties 1218:1227 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1177:1227 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1177:1227 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-18043T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solani sp. 26289817 5 74 theme Bacillus 691:698 arg1 4585T 715:719 Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T 691:719 Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T 691:719 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. 26289817 4 75 theme optimum 437:443 arg1 % 447:447 optimum 0 % 437:447 optimum 0 % 437:447 The strain grew at 20-45 °C (optimum 35 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 9) and with 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 26289817 4 75 theme optimum 437:443 arg1 NaCl 431:434 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl 418:434 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %) 418:448 The strain grew at 20-45 °C (optimum 35 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 9) and with 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). 25981061 0 0 theme mammary 151:157 arg1 apoptosis 164:172 mammary cell apoptosis 151:172 mammary cell apoptosis 151:172 Milk yield differences between 1× and 4× milking are associated with changes in mammary mitochondrial number and milk protein gene expression, but not mammary cell apoptosis or SOCS gene expression. 25981061 11 1 theme mammary 1720:1726 arg1 expression 1728:1737 mammary expression 1720:1737 mammary expression of α-lactalbumin (LALBA) and β-casein (CSN2) 1720:1782 Although mammary expression of α-lactalbumin (LALBA) and β-casein (CSN2) was significantly increased in 4× glands, the expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling were similar between 1×- and 4×-milked halves. 25981061 6 2 theme other 1152:1156 arg1 times 1160:1164 the other 4 times 1148:1164 the other 4 times daily 1148:1170 Primiparous Holstein cows (n=6) were assigned to the study 40d before parturition after which 1 udder half was milked once daily (1×) and the other 4 times daily (4×) Mammary biopsies were collected at 15, 60, 120, and 230d of lactation. 25981061 7 3 theme higher 1296:1301 arg1 times 1290:1294 3 times 1288:1294 3 times higher than from the 1× side 1288:1323 Average milk yield from the 4× side was 3 times higher than from the 1× side. 25981061 6 4 theme Mammary 1177:1183 arg1 biopsies 1185:1192 Mammary biopsies 1177:1192 Mammary biopsies 1177:1192 Primiparous Holstein cows (n=6) were assigned to the study 40d before parturition after which 1 udder half was milked once daily (1×) and the other 4 times daily (4×) Mammary biopsies were collected at 15, 60, 120, and 230d of lactation. 25981061 3 5 theme genes 528:532 arg1 changes 489:495 changes 489:495 changes in apoptosis 489:508 Previous work in dairy cows examining increases in milk yield due to increased milking frequency have identified changes in apoptosis and expression of genes regulating cytokine signaling. 25981061 3 5 theme genes 528:532 arg1 expression 514:523 expression 514:523 expression of genes regulating cytokine signaling 514:562 Previous work in dairy cows examining increases in milk yield due to increased milking frequency have identified changes in apoptosis and expression of genes regulating cytokine signaling. 25981061 6 6 dep collected 1199:1207 arg1 4× 1173:1174 4× 1173:1174 4× 1173:1174 Primiparous Holstein cows (n=6) were assigned to the study 40d before parturition after which 1 udder half was milked once daily (1×) and the other 4 times daily (4×) Mammary biopsies were collected at 15, 60, 120, and 230d of lactation. 25981061 0 7 theme SOCS 177:180 arg1 expression 187:196 SOCS gene expression 177:196 SOCS gene expression 177:196 Milk yield differences between 1× and 4× milking are associated with changes in mammary mitochondrial number and milk protein gene expression, but not mammary cell apoptosis or SOCS gene expression. 25981061 12 8 from alterations 2068:2078 arg1 number 2097:2102 mitochondrial number 2083:2102 mitochondrial number 2083:2102 These results support the conclusion that changes in milk production in response to extreme differences in milking frequency may be related to alterations in mitochondrial number and lactose synthesis, but not apoptosis. 25981061 12 8 from alterations 2068:2078 arg1 synthesis 2116:2124 lactose synthesis 2108:2124 lactose synthesis 2108:2124 These results support the conclusion that changes in milk production in response to extreme differences in milking frequency may be related to alterations in mitochondrial number and lactose synthesis, but not apoptosis. 25981061 12 8 from alterations 2068:2078 arg1 apoptosis 2135:2143 apoptosis 2135:2143 apoptosis 2135:2143 These results support the conclusion that changes in milk production in response to extreme differences in milking frequency may be related to alterations in mitochondrial number and lactose synthesis, but not apoptosis. 25981061 12 9 theme milk 1978:1981 arg1 production 1983:1992 milk production 1978:1992 milk production in response to extreme differences in milking frequency 1978:2048 These results support the conclusion that changes in milk production in response to extreme differences in milking frequency may be related to alterations in mitochondrial number and lactose synthesis, but not apoptosis. 25981061 5 10 theme milking 841:847 arg1 frequency 849:857 milking frequency 841:857 milking frequency 841:857 The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that, when maintained over an entire lactation, extreme differences in milking frequency would be reflected in differences in apoptosis, mammary mitochondrial number, and the mammary expression of genes known to inhibit cytokine signaling. 25981061 11 11 theme 1×- 1899:1901 arg1 halves 1917:1922 1×- and 4×-milked halves 1899:1922 1×- and 4×-milked halves 1899:1922 Although mammary expression of α-lactalbumin (LALBA) and β-casein (CSN2) was significantly increased in 4× glands, the expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling were similar between 1×- and 4×-milked halves. 25981061 5 12 theme mammary 907:913 arg1 number 929:934 mammary mitochondrial number 907:934 mammary mitochondrial number 907:934 The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that, when maintained over an entire lactation, extreme differences in milking frequency would be reflected in differences in apoptosis, mammary mitochondrial number, and the mammary expression of genes known to inhibit cytokine signaling. 25981061 1 13 from production 241:250 arg1 cows 287:290 dairy cows 281:290 dairy cows 281:290 Milking frequency is known to affect milk production and lactation persistence in dairy cows. 25981061 3 14 theme cytokine 545:552 arg1 signaling 554:562 cytokine signaling 545:562 cytokine signaling 545:562 Previous work in dairy cows examining increases in milk yield due to increased milking frequency have identified changes in apoptosis and expression of genes regulating cytokine signaling. 25981061 5 15 theme entire 800:805 arg1 lactation 807:815 an entire lactation 797:815 an entire lactation 797:815 The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that, when maintained over an entire lactation, extreme differences in milking frequency would be reflected in differences in apoptosis, mammary mitochondrial number, and the mammary expression of genes known to inhibit cytokine signaling. 25981061 0 16 theme protein 118:124 arg1 expression 131:140 milk protein gene expression 113:140 milk protein gene expression 113:140 Milk yield differences between 1× and 4× milking are associated with changes in mammary mitochondrial number and milk protein gene expression, but not mammary cell apoptosis or SOCS gene expression. 25981061 7 17 theme Average 1248:1254 arg1 yield 1261:1265 Average milk yield 1248:1265 Average milk yield from the 4× side 1248:1282 Average milk yield from the 4× side was 3 times higher than from the 1× side. 25981061 11 18 theme 4×-milked 1907:1915 arg1 halves 1917:1922 1×- and 4×-milked halves 1899:1922 1×- and 4×-milked halves 1899:1922 Although mammary expression of α-lactalbumin (LALBA) and β-casein (CSN2) was significantly increased in 4× glands, the expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling were similar between 1×- and 4×-milked halves. 25981061 7 19 from side 1279:1282 arg1 yield 1261:1265 Average milk yield 1248:1265 Average milk yield from the 4× side 1248:1282 Average milk yield from the 4× side was 3 times higher than from the 1× side. 25981061 5 20 theme study 737:741 arg1 goal 724:727 The goal 720:727 The goal of this study 720:741 The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that, when maintained over an entire lactation, extreme differences in milking frequency would be reflected in differences in apoptosis, mammary mitochondrial number, and the mammary expression of genes known to inhibit cytokine signaling. 25981061 10 21 theme increased 1662:1670 arg1 milk 1657:1660 milk increased 1657:1670 milk increased 1657:1670 Mammary cell mitochondrial number, as estimated by succinate dehydrogenase staining, was higher in early lactation, decreasing as days in milk increased, and with increased milking frequency. 25981061 8 22 theme composition 1343:1353 arg1 Analysis 1326:1333 Analysis 1326:1333 Analysis of milk composition 1326:1353 Analysis of milk composition revealed that protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat percentages were lower in 1× than 4× udder halves. 25981061 3 23 from expression 514:523 arg1 apoptosis 500:508 apoptosis 500:508 apoptosis 500:508 Previous work in dairy cows examining increases in milk yield due to increased milking frequency have identified changes in apoptosis and expression of genes regulating cytokine signaling. 25981061 6 24 theme lactation 1237:1245 arg1 230d 1229:1232 15, 60, 120, and 230d 1212:1232 15, 60, 120, and 230d of lactation 1212:1245 Primiparous Holstein cows (n=6) were assigned to the study 40d before parturition after which 1 udder half was milked once daily (1×) and the other 4 times daily (4×) Mammary biopsies were collected at 15, 60, 120, and 230d of lactation. 25981061 11 25 theme suppressors 1844:1854 arg1 similar 1883:1889 similar 1883:1889 similar 1883:1889 Although mammary expression of α-lactalbumin (LALBA) and β-casein (CSN2) was significantly increased in 4× glands, the expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling were similar between 1×- and 4×-milked halves. 25981061 11 25 theme suppressors 1844:1854 arg1 expression 1830:1839 the expression 1826:1839 the expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling 1826:1876 Although mammary expression of α-lactalbumin (LALBA) and β-casein (CSN2) was significantly increased in 4× glands, the expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling were similar between 1×- and 4×-milked halves. 25981061 12 26 from changes 1967:1973 arg1 production 1983:1992 milk production 1978:1992 milk production in response to extreme differences in milking frequency 1978:2048 These results support the conclusion that changes in milk production in response to extreme differences in milking frequency may be related to alterations in mitochondrial number and lactose synthesis, but not apoptosis. 25981061 10 27 from days 1649:1652 arg1 milk 1657:1660 milk increased 1657:1670 milk increased 1657:1670 Mammary cell mitochondrial number, as estimated by succinate dehydrogenase staining, was higher in early lactation, decreasing as days in milk increased, and with increased milking frequency. 25981061 12 28 theme mitochondrial 2083:2095 arg1 number 2097:2102 mitochondrial number 2083:2102 mitochondrial number 2083:2102 These results support the conclusion that changes in milk production in response to extreme differences in milking frequency may be related to alterations in mitochondrial number and lactose synthesis, but not apoptosis. 25981061 0 29 theme mitochondrial 88:100 arg1 number 102:107 mammary mitochondrial number 80:107 mammary mitochondrial number 80:107 Milk yield differences between 1× and 4× milking are associated with changes in mammary mitochondrial number and milk protein gene expression, but not mammary cell apoptosis or SOCS gene expression. 25981061 5 30 theme mammary 945:951 arg1 expression 953:962 the mammary expression 941:962 the mammary expression of genes known to inhibit cytokine signaling 941:1007 The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that, when maintained over an entire lactation, extreme differences in milking frequency would be reflected in differences in apoptosis, mammary mitochondrial number, and the mammary expression of genes known to inhibit cytokine signaling. 25981061 12 31 theme lactose 2108:2114 arg1 synthesis 2116:2124 lactose synthesis 2108:2124 lactose synthesis 2108:2124 These results support the conclusion that changes in milk production in response to extreme differences in milking frequency may be related to alterations in mitochondrial number and lactose synthesis, but not apoptosis. 25981061 11 32 theme α-lactalbumin 1742:1754 arg1 expression 1728:1737 mammary expression 1720:1737 mammary expression of α-lactalbumin (LALBA) and β-casein (CSN2) 1720:1782 Although mammary expression of α-lactalbumin (LALBA) and β-casein (CSN2) was significantly increased in 4× glands, the expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling were similar between 1×- and 4×-milked halves. 25981061 0 33 theme Milk 0:3 arg1 differences 11:21 Milk yield differences 0:21 Milk yield differences between 1× and 4× milking 0:47 Milk yield differences between 1× and 4× milking are associated with changes in mammary mitochondrial number and milk protein gene expression, but not mammary cell apoptosis or SOCS gene expression. 25981061 0 34 theme gene 182:185 arg1 expression 187:196 SOCS gene expression 177:196 SOCS gene expression 177:196 Milk yield differences between 1× and 4× milking are associated with changes in mammary mitochondrial number and milk protein gene expression, but not mammary cell apoptosis or SOCS gene expression. 25981061 8 35 theme solids-not-fat 1391:1404 arg1 percentages 1406:1416 protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat percentages 1369:1416 protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat percentages 1369:1416 Analysis of milk composition revealed that protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat percentages were lower in 1× than 4× udder halves. 25981061 10 36 theme mitochondrial 1532:1544 arg1 number 1546:1551 Mammary cell mitochondrial number 1519:1551 Mammary cell mitochondrial number 1519:1551 Mammary cell mitochondrial number, as estimated by succinate dehydrogenase staining, was higher in early lactation, decreasing as days in milk increased, and with increased milking frequency. 25981061 6 37 theme Holstein 1022:1029 arg1 n=6 1037:1039 n=6 1037:1039 n=6 1037:1039 Primiparous Holstein cows (n=6) were assigned to the study 40d before parturition after which 1 udder half was milked once daily (1×) and the other 4 times daily (4×) Mammary biopsies were collected at 15, 60, 120, and 230d of lactation. 25981061 6 37 theme Holstein 1022:1029 arg1 cows 1031:1034 Primiparous Holstein cows 1010:1034 Primiparous Holstein cows (n=6) 1010:1040 Primiparous Holstein cows (n=6) were assigned to the study 40d before parturition after which 1 udder half was milked once daily (1×) and the other 4 times daily (4×) Mammary biopsies were collected at 15, 60, 120, and 230d of lactation. 25981061 3 38 theme milk 427:430 arg1 yield 432:436 milk yield 427:436 milk yield 427:436 Previous work in dairy cows examining increases in milk yield due to increased milking frequency have identified changes in apoptosis and expression of genes regulating cytokine signaling. 25981061 10 39 theme Mammary 1519:1525 arg1 number 1546:1551 Mammary cell mitochondrial number 1519:1551 Mammary cell mitochondrial number 1519:1551 Mammary cell mitochondrial number, as estimated by succinate dehydrogenase staining, was higher in early lactation, decreasing as days in milk increased, and with increased milking frequency. 25981061 1 40 theme dairy 281:285 arg1 cows 287:290 dairy cows 281:290 dairy cows 281:290 Milking frequency is known to affect milk production and lactation persistence in dairy cows. 25981061 3 41 theme Previous 376:383 arg1 work 385:388 Previous work 376:388 Previous work in dairy cows examining increases in milk yield due to increased milking frequency 376:471 Previous work in dairy cows examining increases in milk yield due to increased milking frequency have identified changes in apoptosis and expression of genes regulating cytokine signaling. 25981061 10 42 theme increased 1682:1690 arg1 frequency 1700:1708 increased milking frequency 1682:1708 increased milking frequency 1682:1708 Mammary cell mitochondrial number, as estimated by succinate dehydrogenase staining, was higher in early lactation, decreasing as days in milk increased, and with increased milking frequency. 25981061 12 43 theme milking 2032:2038 arg1 frequency 2040:2048 milking frequency 2032:2048 milking frequency 2032:2048 These results support the conclusion that changes in milk production in response to extreme differences in milking frequency may be related to alterations in mitochondrial number and lactose synthesis, but not apoptosis. 25981061 0 44 theme 4× 38:39 arg1 milking 41:47 4× milking 38:47 4× milking 38:47 Milk yield differences between 1× and 4× milking are associated with changes in mammary mitochondrial number and milk protein gene expression, but not mammary cell apoptosis or SOCS gene expression. 25981061 9 45 theme Mammary 1457:1463 arg1 apoptosis 1470:1478 Mammary cell apoptosis 1457:1478 Mammary cell apoptosis 1457:1478 Mammary cell apoptosis was not affected by milking frequency. 25981061 11 46 theme 4× 1815:1816 arg1 glands 1818:1823 4× glands 1815:1823 4× glands 1815:1823 Although mammary expression of α-lactalbumin (LALBA) and β-casein (CSN2) was significantly increased in 4× glands, the expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling were similar between 1×- and 4×-milked halves. 25981061 3 47 theme increased 445:453 arg1 frequency 463:471 increased milking frequency 445:471 increased milking frequency 445:471 Previous work in dairy cows examining increases in milk yield due to increased milking frequency have identified changes in apoptosis and expression of genes regulating cytokine signaling. 25981061 1 48 theme Milking 199:205 arg1 frequency 207:215 Milking frequency 199:215 Milking frequency 199:215 Milking frequency is known to affect milk production and lactation persistence in dairy cows. 25981061 8 49 theme udder 1443:1447 arg1 halves 1449:1454 4× udder halves 1440:1454 4× udder halves 1440:1454 Analysis of milk composition revealed that protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat percentages were lower in 1× than 4× udder halves. 25981061 0 50 theme cell 159:162 arg1 apoptosis 164:172 mammary cell apoptosis 151:172 mammary cell apoptosis 151:172 Milk yield differences between 1× and 4× milking are associated with changes in mammary mitochondrial number and milk protein gene expression, but not mammary cell apoptosis or SOCS gene expression. 25981061 10 51 theme succinate 1570:1578 arg1 dehydrogenase 1580:1592 succinate dehydrogenase 1570:1592 succinate dehydrogenase staining 1570:1601 Mammary cell mitochondrial number, as estimated by succinate dehydrogenase staining, was higher in early lactation, decreasing as days in milk increased, and with increased milking frequency. 25981061 3 52 from changes 489:495 arg1 apoptosis 500:508 apoptosis 500:508 apoptosis 500:508 Previous work in dairy cows examining increases in milk yield due to increased milking frequency have identified changes in apoptosis and expression of genes regulating cytokine signaling. 25981061 12 53 from production 1983:1992 arg1 response 1997:2004 response 1997:2004 response to extreme differences in milking frequency 1997:2048 These results support the conclusion that changes in milk production in response to extreme differences in milking frequency may be related to alterations in mitochondrial number and lactose synthesis, but not apoptosis. 25981061 1 54 theme milk 236:239 arg1 production 241:250 milk production 236:250 milk production 236:250 Milking frequency is known to affect milk production and lactation persistence in dairy cows. 25981061 7 55 theme 1× 1317:1318 arg1 side 1320:1323 the 1× side 1313:1323 the 1× side 1313:1323 Average milk yield from the 4× side was 3 times higher than from the 1× side. 25981061 1 56 from persistence 266:276 arg1 cows 287:290 dairy cows 281:290 dairy cows 281:290 Milking frequency is known to affect milk production and lactation persistence in dairy cows. 25981061 5 57 theme extreme 818:824 arg1 differences 826:836 extreme differences 818:836 extreme differences in milking frequency 818:857 The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that, when maintained over an entire lactation, extreme differences in milking frequency would be reflected in differences in apoptosis, mammary mitochondrial number, and the mammary expression of genes known to inhibit cytokine signaling. 25981061 11 58 theme signaling 1868:1876 arg1 suppressors 1844:1854 suppressors 1844:1854 suppressors of cytokine signaling 1844:1876 Although mammary expression of α-lactalbumin (LALBA) and β-casein (CSN2) was significantly increased in 4× glands, the expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling were similar between 1×- and 4×-milked halves. 25981061 10 59 with days 1649:1652 arg1 frequency 1700:1708 increased milking frequency 1682:1708 increased milking frequency 1682:1708 Mammary cell mitochondrial number, as estimated by succinate dehydrogenase staining, was higher in early lactation, decreasing as days in milk increased, and with increased milking frequency. 25981061 6 60 theme udder 1106:1110 arg1 half 1112:1115 1 udder half 1104:1115 1 udder half 1104:1115 Primiparous Holstein cows (n=6) were assigned to the study 40d before parturition after which 1 udder half was milked once daily (1×) and the other 4 times daily (4×) Mammary biopsies were collected at 15, 60, 120, and 230d of lactation. 25981061 0 61 theme milk 113:116 arg1 expression 131:140 milk protein gene expression 113:140 milk protein gene expression 113:140 Milk yield differences between 1× and 4× milking are associated with changes in mammary mitochondrial number and milk protein gene expression, but not mammary cell apoptosis or SOCS gene expression. 25981061 0 62 from changes 69:75 arg1 apoptosis 164:172 mammary cell apoptosis 151:172 mammary cell apoptosis 151:172 Milk yield differences between 1× and 4× milking are associated with changes in mammary mitochondrial number and milk protein gene expression, but not mammary cell apoptosis or SOCS gene expression. 25981061 0 62 from changes 69:75 arg1 expression 187:196 SOCS gene expression 177:196 SOCS gene expression 177:196 Milk yield differences between 1× and 4× milking are associated with changes in mammary mitochondrial number and milk protein gene expression, but not mammary cell apoptosis or SOCS gene expression. 25981061 0 62 from changes 69:75 arg1 expression 131:140 milk protein gene expression 113:140 milk protein gene expression 113:140 Milk yield differences between 1× and 4× milking are associated with changes in mammary mitochondrial number and milk protein gene expression, but not mammary cell apoptosis or SOCS gene expression. 25981061 0 62 from changes 69:75 arg1 number 102:107 mammary mitochondrial number 80:107 mammary mitochondrial number 80:107 Milk yield differences between 1× and 4× milking are associated with changes in mammary mitochondrial number and milk protein gene expression, but not mammary cell apoptosis or SOCS gene expression. 25981061 7 63 theme 4× 1276:1277 arg1 side 1279:1282 the 4× side 1272:1282 the 4× side 1272:1282 Average milk yield from the 4× side was 3 times higher than from the 1× side. 25981061 0 64 theme gene 126:129 arg1 expression 131:140 milk protein gene expression 113:140 milk protein gene expression 113:140 Milk yield differences between 1× and 4× milking are associated with changes in mammary mitochondrial number and milk protein gene expression, but not mammary cell apoptosis or SOCS gene expression. 25981061 4 65 from changes 578:584 arg1 function 618:625 function 618:625 function 618:625 In addition, changes in mitochondrial biogenesis and function have been suggested to play a role during the lactation cycle in regulating milk production. 25981061 4 65 from changes 578:584 arg1 biogenesis 603:612 mitochondrial biogenesis 589:612 mitochondrial biogenesis 589:612 In addition, changes in mitochondrial biogenesis and function have been suggested to play a role during the lactation cycle in regulating milk production. 25981061 7 66 theme milk 1256:1259 arg1 yield 1261:1265 Average milk yield 1248:1265 Average milk yield from the 4× side 1248:1282 Average milk yield from the 4× side was 3 times higher than from the 1× side. 25981061 10 67 theme early 1618:1622 arg1 lactation 1624:1632 early lactation 1618:1632 early lactation 1618:1632 Mammary cell mitochondrial number, as estimated by succinate dehydrogenase staining, was higher in early lactation, decreasing as days in milk increased, and with increased milking frequency. 25981061 8 68 theme milk 1338:1341 arg1 composition 1343:1353 milk composition 1338:1353 milk composition 1338:1353 Analysis of milk composition revealed that protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat percentages were lower in 1× than 4× udder halves. 25981061 4 69 theme milk 703:706 arg1 production 708:717 milk production 703:717 milk production 703:717 In addition, changes in mitochondrial biogenesis and function have been suggested to play a role during the lactation cycle in regulating milk production. 25981061 3 70 from work 385:388 arg1 cows 399:402 dairy cows 393:402 dairy cows examining increases in milk yield due to increased milking frequency 393:471 Previous work in dairy cows examining increases in milk yield due to increased milking frequency have identified changes in apoptosis and expression of genes regulating cytokine signaling. 25981061 5 71 from differences 826:836 arg1 frequency 849:857 milking frequency 841:857 milking frequency 841:857 The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that, when maintained over an entire lactation, extreme differences in milking frequency would be reflected in differences in apoptosis, mammary mitochondrial number, and the mammary expression of genes known to inhibit cytokine signaling. 25981061 8 72 theme protein 1369:1375 arg1 percentages 1406:1416 protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat percentages 1369:1416 protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat percentages 1369:1416 Analysis of milk composition revealed that protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat percentages were lower in 1× than 4× udder halves. 25981061 4 73 theme lactation 673:681 arg1 cycle 683:687 the lactation cycle 669:687 the lactation cycle 669:687 In addition, changes in mitochondrial biogenesis and function have been suggested to play a role during the lactation cycle in regulating milk production. 25981061 0 74 theme mammary 80:86 arg1 number 102:107 mammary mitochondrial number 80:107 mammary mitochondrial number 80:107 Milk yield differences between 1× and 4× milking are associated with changes in mammary mitochondrial number and milk protein gene expression, but not mammary cell apoptosis or SOCS gene expression. 25981061 11 75 theme cytokine 1859:1866 arg1 signaling 1868:1876 cytokine signaling 1859:1876 cytokine signaling 1859:1876 Although mammary expression of α-lactalbumin (LALBA) and β-casein (CSN2) was significantly increased in 4× glands, the expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling were similar between 1×- and 4×-milked halves. 25981061 8 76 theme lactose 1378:1384 arg1 percentages 1406:1416 protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat percentages 1369:1416 protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat percentages 1369:1416 Analysis of milk composition revealed that protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat percentages were lower in 1× than 4× udder halves. 25981061 0 77 theme yield 5:9 arg1 differences 11:21 Milk yield differences 0:21 Milk yield differences between 1× and 4× milking 0:47 Milk yield differences between 1× and 4× milking are associated with changes in mammary mitochondrial number and milk protein gene expression, but not mammary cell apoptosis or SOCS gene expression. 25981061 10 78 dep number 1546:1551 arg1 estimated 1557:1565 estimated 1557:1565 estimated by succinate dehydrogenase staining 1557:1601 Mammary cell mitochondrial number, as estimated by succinate dehydrogenase staining, was higher in early lactation, decreasing as days in milk increased, and with increased milking frequency. 25981061 1 79 theme lactation 256:264 arg1 persistence 266:276 lactation persistence 256:276 lactation persistence 256:276 Milking frequency is known to affect milk production and lactation persistence in dairy cows. 25981061 5 80 from differences 881:891 arg1 expression 953:962 the mammary expression 941:962 the mammary expression of genes known to inhibit cytokine signaling 941:1007 The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that, when maintained over an entire lactation, extreme differences in milking frequency would be reflected in differences in apoptosis, mammary mitochondrial number, and the mammary expression of genes known to inhibit cytokine signaling. 25981061 5 80 from differences 881:891 arg1 number 929:934 mammary mitochondrial number 907:934 mammary mitochondrial number 907:934 The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that, when maintained over an entire lactation, extreme differences in milking frequency would be reflected in differences in apoptosis, mammary mitochondrial number, and the mammary expression of genes known to inhibit cytokine signaling. 25981061 5 80 from differences 881:891 arg1 apoptosis 896:904 apoptosis 896:904 apoptosis 896:904 The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that, when maintained over an entire lactation, extreme differences in milking frequency would be reflected in differences in apoptosis, mammary mitochondrial number, and the mammary expression of genes known to inhibit cytokine signaling. 25981061 5 81 theme mitochondrial 915:927 arg1 number 929:934 mammary mitochondrial number 907:934 mammary mitochondrial number 907:934 The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that, when maintained over an entire lactation, extreme differences in milking frequency would be reflected in differences in apoptosis, mammary mitochondrial number, and the mammary expression of genes known to inhibit cytokine signaling. 25981061 10 82 theme cell 1527:1530 arg1 number 1546:1551 Mammary cell mitochondrial number 1519:1551 Mammary cell mitochondrial number 1519:1551 Mammary cell mitochondrial number, as estimated by succinate dehydrogenase staining, was higher in early lactation, decreasing as days in milk increased, and with increased milking frequency. 25981061 6 83 theme Primiparous 1010:1020 arg1 n=6 1037:1039 n=6 1037:1039 n=6 1037:1039 Primiparous Holstein cows (n=6) were assigned to the study 40d before parturition after which 1 udder half was milked once daily (1×) and the other 4 times daily (4×) Mammary biopsies were collected at 15, 60, 120, and 230d of lactation. 25981061 6 83 theme Primiparous 1010:1020 arg1 cows 1031:1034 Primiparous Holstein cows 1010:1034 Primiparous Holstein cows (n=6) 1010:1040 Primiparous Holstein cows (n=6) were assigned to the study 40d before parturition after which 1 udder half was milked once daily (1×) and the other 4 times daily (4×) Mammary biopsies were collected at 15, 60, 120, and 230d of lactation. 25981061 3 84 theme dairy 393:397 arg1 cows 399:402 dairy cows 393:402 dairy cows examining increases in milk yield due to increased milking frequency 393:471 Previous work in dairy cows examining increases in milk yield due to increased milking frequency have identified changes in apoptosis and expression of genes regulating cytokine signaling. 25981061 10 85 theme milking 1692:1698 arg1 frequency 1700:1708 increased milking frequency 1682:1708 increased milking frequency 1682:1708 Mammary cell mitochondrial number, as estimated by succinate dehydrogenase staining, was higher in early lactation, decreasing as days in milk increased, and with increased milking frequency. 25981061 12 86 theme extreme 2009:2015 arg1 differences 2017:2027 extreme differences 2009:2027 extreme differences in milking frequency 2009:2048 These results support the conclusion that changes in milk production in response to extreme differences in milking frequency may be related to alterations in mitochondrial number and lactose synthesis, but not apoptosis. 25981061 11 87 theme β-casein 1768:1775 arg1 expression 1728:1737 mammary expression 1720:1737 mammary expression of α-lactalbumin (LALBA) and β-casein (CSN2) 1720:1782 Although mammary expression of α-lactalbumin (LALBA) and β-casein (CSN2) was significantly increased in 4× glands, the expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling were similar between 1×- and 4×-milked halves. 25981061 5 88 theme cytokine 990:997 arg1 signaling 999:1007 cytokine signaling 990:1007 cytokine signaling 990:1007 The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that, when maintained over an entire lactation, extreme differences in milking frequency would be reflected in differences in apoptosis, mammary mitochondrial number, and the mammary expression of genes known to inhibit cytokine signaling. 25981061 8 89 theme 4× 1440:1441 arg1 halves 1449:1454 4× udder halves 1440:1454 4× udder halves 1440:1454 Analysis of milk composition revealed that protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat percentages were lower in 1× than 4× udder halves. 25981061 9 90 theme cell 1465:1468 arg1 apoptosis 1470:1478 Mammary cell apoptosis 1457:1478 Mammary cell apoptosis 1457:1478 Mammary cell apoptosis was not affected by milking frequency. 25981061 4 91 theme mitochondrial 589:601 arg1 biogenesis 603:612 mitochondrial biogenesis 589:612 mitochondrial biogenesis 589:612 In addition, changes in mitochondrial biogenesis and function have been suggested to play a role during the lactation cycle in regulating milk production. 25981061 3 92 theme milking 455:461 arg1 frequency 463:471 increased milking frequency 445:471 increased milking frequency 445:471 Previous work in dairy cows examining increases in milk yield due to increased milking frequency have identified changes in apoptosis and expression of genes regulating cytokine signaling. 25981061 12 93 from differences 2017:2027 arg1 frequency 2040:2048 milking frequency 2032:2048 milking frequency 2032:2048 These results support the conclusion that changes in milk production in response to extreme differences in milking frequency may be related to alterations in mitochondrial number and lactose synthesis, but not apoptosis. 25981061 5 94 theme genes 967:971 arg1 expression 953:962 the mammary expression 941:962 the mammary expression of genes known to inhibit cytokine signaling 941:1007 The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that, when maintained over an entire lactation, extreme differences in milking frequency would be reflected in differences in apoptosis, mammary mitochondrial number, and the mammary expression of genes known to inhibit cytokine signaling. 25981061 5 94 theme genes 967:971 arg1 number 929:934 mammary mitochondrial number 907:934 mammary mitochondrial number 907:934 The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that, when maintained over an entire lactation, extreme differences in milking frequency would be reflected in differences in apoptosis, mammary mitochondrial number, and the mammary expression of genes known to inhibit cytokine signaling. 25981061 5 94 theme genes 967:971 arg1 apoptosis 896:904 apoptosis 896:904 apoptosis 896:904 The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that, when maintained over an entire lactation, extreme differences in milking frequency would be reflected in differences in apoptosis, mammary mitochondrial number, and the mammary expression of genes known to inhibit cytokine signaling. 25981061 6 95 theme study 1063:1067 arg1 40d 1069:1071 the study 40d 1059:1071 the study 40d 1059:1071 Primiparous Holstein cows (n=6) were assigned to the study 40d before parturition after which 1 udder half was milked once daily (1×) and the other 4 times daily (4×) Mammary biopsies were collected at 15, 60, 120, and 230d of lactation. 25981061 3 96 from increases 414:422 arg1 yield 432:436 milk yield 427:436 milk yield 427:436 Previous work in dairy cows examining increases in milk yield due to increased milking frequency have identified changes in apoptosis and expression of genes regulating cytokine signaling. 25981061 10 97 theme dehydrogenase 1580:1592 arg1 staining 1594:1601 succinate dehydrogenase staining 1570:1601 succinate dehydrogenase staining 1570:1601 Mammary cell mitochondrial number, as estimated by succinate dehydrogenase staining, was higher in early lactation, decreasing as days in milk increased, and with increased milking frequency. 29111966 2 0 theme rod-shaped 103:112 arg1 bacterium 142:150 A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 101:150 A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 101:150 A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated FJAT-45347T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil collected from the Taklamakan desert in Xinjiang (PR China). 29111966 5 1 theme fatty 518:522 arg1 acids 524:528 The main fatty acids 509:528 The main fatty acids 509:528 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 29111966 5 1 theme fatty 518:522 arg1 iso-C15  535:542 iso-C15  535:542 iso-C15  535:542 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 29111966 4 2 theme cell-wall 413:421 arg1 peptidoglycan 423:435 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 409:435 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 409:435 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 29111966 10 3 theme novel 1330:1334 arg1 species 1336:1342 a novel species 1328:1342 a novel species 1328:1342 The phenotypic characters and taxono-genomics study revealed that FJAT-45347T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacilluspopuli sp. 29111966 3 4 theme % 338:338 arg1 NaCl 340:343 20.0 % NaCl 333:343 20.0 % NaCl 333:343 Growth was observed at 15-35 °C (optimum 25 °C), in 0 % and 20.0 % NaCl (optimum 8.0 %) and at pH 7.5-12.0 (optimum 8.0), respectively. 29111966 1 5 theme euphratica 47:56 arg1 soil 70:73 Populus euphratica rhizosphere soil 39:73 Populus euphratica rhizosphere soil of the Taklamakan desert 39:98 nov. isolated from Populus euphratica rhizosphere soil of the Taklamakan desert. 29111966 7 6 theme highest 806:812 arg1 similarities 823:834 the highest sequence similarities 802:834 the highest sequence similarities to Bacillus clarkii DSM 8720T (96.1 %) 802:873 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated FJAT-45347T to the genus Bacillus, and it showed the highest sequence similarities to Bacillus clarkii DSM 8720T (96.1 %). 29111966 8 7 theme in 912:913 arg1 hybridization 930:942 in silico DNA-DNA hybridization 912:942 in silico DNA-DNA hybridization 912:942 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between FJAT-45347T and the most closely related species were 68.5 and 26.2 %, respectively, which were lower than the thresholds commonly used to define species (96 and 70 %, respectively), indicating that it represented a member of a different taxon. 29111966 1 8 theme rhizosphere 58:68 arg1 soil 70:73 Populus euphratica rhizosphere soil 39:73 Populus euphratica rhizosphere soil of the Taklamakan desert 39:98 nov. isolated from Populus euphratica rhizosphere soil of the Taklamakan desert. 29111966 7 9 theme DSM 856:858 arg1 8720T 860:864 Bacillus clarkii DSM 8720T 839:864 Bacillus clarkii DSM 8720T (96.1 %) 839:873 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated FJAT-45347T to the genus Bacillus, and it showed the highest sequence similarities to Bacillus clarkii DSM 8720T (96.1 %). 29111966 7 9 theme DSM 856:858 arg1 % 872:872 96.1 % 867:872 96.1 % 867:872 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated FJAT-45347T to the genus Bacillus, and it showed the highest sequence similarities to Bacillus clarkii DSM 8720T (96.1 %). 29111966 4 10 contain contained 437:445 arg2 acid 467:470 meso-diaminopimelic acid 447:470 meso-diaminopimelic acid 447:470 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 29111966 4 10 contain contained 437:445 arg1 peptidoglycan 423:435 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 409:435 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 409:435 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 29111966 10 11 theme Bacillus 1357:1364 arg1 species 1336:1342 a novel species 1328:1342 a novel species 1328:1342 The phenotypic characters and taxono-genomics study revealed that FJAT-45347T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacilluspopuli sp. 29111966 8 12 theme DNA-DNA 922:928 arg1 hybridization 930:942 in silico DNA-DNA hybridization 912:942 in silico DNA-DNA hybridization 912:942 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between FJAT-45347T and the most closely related species were 68.5 and 26.2 %, respectively, which were lower than the thresholds commonly used to define species (96 and 70 %, respectively), indicating that it represented a member of a different taxon. 29111966 2 13 theme PR 262:263 arg1 China 265:269 Xinjiang (PR China) 252:270 Xinjiang (PR China) 252:270 A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated FJAT-45347T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil collected from the Taklamakan desert in Xinjiang (PR China). 29111966 6 14 theme polar 594:598 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 612:633 diphosphatidylglycerol 612:633 diphosphatidylglycerol 612:633 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 29111966 6 14 theme polar 594:598 arg1 lipids 600:605 The main polar lipids 585:605 The main polar lipids 585:605 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 29111966 12 15 theme AB 1474:1475 arg1 2016257T 1477:1484 =DSM 104632T=CCTCC AB 2016257T 1455:1484 =DSM 104632T=CCTCC AB 2016257T 1455:1484 The type strain is FJAT-45347T (=DSM 104632T=CCTCC AB 2016257T). 29111966 12 15 theme AB 1474:1475 arg1 FJAT-45347T 1442:1452 FJAT-45347T 1442:1452 FJAT-45347T (=DSM 104632T=CCTCC AB 2016257T) 1442:1485 The type strain is FJAT-45347T (=DSM 104632T=CCTCC AB 2016257T). 29111966 3 16 theme 20.0  333:337 arg1 % 338:338 % 338:338 % 338:338 Growth was observed at 15-35 °C (optimum 25 °C), in 0 % and 20.0 % NaCl (optimum 8.0 %) and at pH 7.5-12.0 (optimum 8.0), respectively. 29111966 9 17 theme DNA 1208:1210 arg1 G+C content 1212:1222 The DNA G+C content 1204:1222 The DNA G+C content 1204:1222 The DNA G+C content was 40.6 mol%. 29111966 9 17 theme DNA 1208:1210 arg1 % 1236:1236 40.6 mol% 1228:1236 40.6 mol% 1228:1236 The DNA G+C content was 40.6 mol%. 29111966 6 18 theme main 589:592 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 612:633 diphosphatidylglycerol 612:633 diphosphatidylglycerol 612:633 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 29111966 6 18 theme main 589:592 arg1 lipids 600:605 The main polar lipids 585:605 The main polar lipids 585:605 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 29111966 2 19 attach isolated 181:188 arg2 bacterium 142:150 A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 101:150 A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 101:150 A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated FJAT-45347T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil collected from the Taklamakan desert in Xinjiang (PR China). 29111966 2 19 attach isolated 181:188 arg1 soil 207:210 rhizosphere soil 195:210 rhizosphere soil collected from the Taklamakan desert in Xinjiang (PR China) 195:270 A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated FJAT-45347T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil collected from the Taklamakan desert in Xinjiang (PR China). 29111966 0 20 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 16:17 Bacillus populi sp 0:17 Bacillus populi sp. 0:18 Bacillus populi sp. 29111966 4 21 theme isoprenoid 480:489 arg1 MK-7 503:506 MK-7 503:506 MK-7 503:506 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 29111966 4 21 theme isoprenoid 480:489 arg1 quinone 491:497 the isoprenoid quinone 476:497 the isoprenoid quinone 476:497 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 29111966 8 22 theme related 992:998 arg1 species 1000:1006 the most closely related species 975:1006 the most closely related species 975:1006 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between FJAT-45347T and the most closely related species were 68.5 and 26.2 %, respectively, which were lower than the thresholds commonly used to define species (96 and 70 %, respectively), indicating that it represented a member of a different taxon. 29111966 1 23 theme Taklamakan 82:91 arg1 desert 93:98 the Taklamakan desert 78:98 the Taklamakan desert 78:98 nov. isolated from Populus euphratica rhizosphere soil of the Taklamakan desert. 29111966 8 24 dep in 912:913 arg1 silico 915:920 silico 915:920 silico 915:920 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between FJAT-45347T and the most closely related species were 68.5 and 26.2 %, respectively, which were lower than the thresholds commonly used to define species (96 and 70 %, respectively), indicating that it represented a member of a different taxon. 29111966 3 25 located observed 284:291 arg1 15-35 °C 296:303 15-35 °C 296:303 15-35 °C (optimum 25 °C) 296:319 Growth was observed at 15-35 °C (optimum 25 °C), in 0 % and 20.0 % NaCl (optimum 8.0 %) and at pH 7.5-12.0 (optimum 8.0), respectively. 29111966 3 25 located observed 284:291 arg1 25 °C 314:318 optimum 25 °C 306:318 optimum 25 °C 306:318 Growth was observed at 15-35 °C (optimum 25 °C), in 0 % and 20.0 % NaCl (optimum 8.0 %) and at pH 7.5-12.0 (optimum 8.0), respectively. 29111966 3 25 located observed 284:291 arg2 Growth 273:278 Growth 273:278 Growth 273:278 Growth was observed at 15-35 °C (optimum 25 °C), in 0 % and 20.0 % NaCl (optimum 8.0 %) and at pH 7.5-12.0 (optimum 8.0), respectively. 29111966 8 26 theme 68.5 1013:1016 arg1 % 1027:1027 68.5 and 26.2 % 1013:1027 % 1027:1027 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between FJAT-45347T and the most closely related species were 68.5 and 26.2 %, respectively, which were lower than the thresholds commonly used to define species (96 and 70 %, respectively), indicating that it represented a member of a different taxon. 29111966 8 26 theme 68.5 1013:1016 arg1 values 944:949 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values 876:949 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between FJAT-45347T and the most closely related species 876:1006 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between FJAT-45347T and the most closely related species were 68.5 and 26.2 %, respectively, which were lower than the thresholds commonly used to define species (96 and 70 %, respectively), indicating that it represented a member of a different taxon. 29111966 5 27 theme main 513:516 arg1 acids 524:528 The main fatty acids 509:528 The main fatty acids 509:528 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 29111966 5 27 theme main 513:516 arg1 iso-C15  535:542 iso-C15  535:542 iso-C15  535:542 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 29111966 1 28 theme desert 93:98 arg1 soil 70:73 Populus euphratica rhizosphere soil 39:73 Populus euphratica rhizosphere soil of the Taklamakan desert 39:98 nov. isolated from Populus euphratica rhizosphere soil of the Taklamakan desert. 29111966 8 29 theme identity 899:906 arg1 % 1027:1027 68.5 and 26.2 % 1013:1027 % 1027:1027 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between FJAT-45347T and the most closely related species were 68.5 and 26.2 %, respectively, which were lower than the thresholds commonly used to define species (96 and 70 %, respectively), indicating that it represented a member of a different taxon. 29111966 8 29 theme identity 899:906 arg1 values 944:949 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values 876:949 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between FJAT-45347T and the most closely related species 876:1006 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between FJAT-45347T and the most closely related species were 68.5 and 26.2 %, respectively, which were lower than the thresholds commonly used to define species (96 and 70 %, respectively), indicating that it represented a member of a different taxon. 29111966 8 30 dep % 1027:1027 arg1 lower 1055:1059 lower 1055:1059 lower 1055:1059 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between FJAT-45347T and the most closely related species were 68.5 and 26.2 %, respectively, which were lower than the thresholds commonly used to define species (96 and 70 %, respectively), indicating that it represented a member of a different taxon. 29111966 7 31 theme gene 727:730 arg1 sequences 732:740 16S rRNA gene sequences 718:740 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated FJAT-45347T to the genus Bacillus 718:785 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated FJAT-45347T to the genus Bacillus, and it showed the highest sequence similarities to Bacillus clarkii DSM 8720T (96.1 %). 29111966 3 32 theme optimum 346:352 arg1 % 358:358 optimum 8.0 % 346:358 optimum 8.0 % 346:358 Growth was observed at 15-35 °C (optimum 25 °C), in 0 % and 20.0 % NaCl (optimum 8.0 %) and at pH 7.5-12.0 (optimum 8.0), respectively. 29111966 3 32 theme optimum 346:352 arg1 % 327:327 0 % 325:327 0 % 325:327 Growth was observed at 15-35 °C (optimum 25 °C), in 0 % and 20.0 % NaCl (optimum 8.0 %) and at pH 7.5-12.0 (optimum 8.0), respectively. 29111966 9 33 theme 40.6 mol 1228:1235 arg1 G+C content 1212:1222 The DNA G+C content 1204:1222 The DNA G+C content 1204:1222 The DNA G+C content was 40.6 mol%. 29111966 9 33 theme 40.6 mol 1228:1235 arg1 % 1236:1236 40.6 mol% 1228:1236 40.6 mol% 1228:1236 The DNA G+C content was 40.6 mol%. 29111966 8 34 theme 26.2  1022:1026 arg1 % 1027:1027 68.5 and 26.2 % 1013:1027 % 1027:1027 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between FJAT-45347T and the most closely related species were 68.5 and 26.2 %, respectively, which were lower than the thresholds commonly used to define species (96 and 70 %, respectively), indicating that it represented a member of a different taxon. 29111966 8 34 theme 26.2  1022:1026 arg1 values 944:949 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values 876:949 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between FJAT-45347T and the most closely related species 876:1006 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between FJAT-45347T and the most closely related species were 68.5 and 26.2 %, respectively, which were lower than the thresholds commonly used to define species (96 and 70 %, respectively), indicating that it represented a member of a different taxon. 29111966 2 35 theme Taklamakan 231:240 arg1 desert 242:247 the Taklamakan desert 227:247 the Taklamakan desert 227:247 A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated FJAT-45347T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil collected from the Taklamakan desert in Xinjiang (PR China). 29111966 3 36 theme 8.0  354:357 arg1 % 358:358 optimum 8.0 % 346:358 optimum 8.0 % 346:358 Growth was observed at 15-35 °C (optimum 25 °C), in 0 % and 20.0 % NaCl (optimum 8.0 %) and at pH 7.5-12.0 (optimum 8.0), respectively. 29111966 3 36 theme 8.0  354:357 arg1 % 327:327 0 % 325:327 0 % 325:327 Growth was observed at 15-35 °C (optimum 25 °C), in 0 % and 20.0 % NaCl (optimum 8.0 %) and at pH 7.5-12.0 (optimum 8.0), respectively. 29111966 2 37 dep rod-shaped 103:112 arg1 aerobic 134:140 aerobic 134:140 aerobic 134:140 A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated FJAT-45347T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil collected from the Taklamakan desert in Xinjiang (PR China). 29111966 2 37 dep rod-shaped 103:112 arg1 endospore-forming 115:131 endospore-forming 115:131 endospore-forming 115:131 A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated FJAT-45347T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil collected from the Taklamakan desert in Xinjiang (PR China). 29111966 8 38 theme average 880:886 arg1 identity 899:906 average nucleotide identity 880:906 average nucleotide identity 880:906 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between FJAT-45347T and the most closely related species were 68.5 and 26.2 %, respectively, which were lower than the thresholds commonly used to define species (96 and 70 %, respectively), indicating that it represented a member of a different taxon. 29111966 12 39 theme 104632T=CCTCC 1460:1472 arg1 2016257T 1477:1484 =DSM 104632T=CCTCC AB 2016257T 1455:1484 =DSM 104632T=CCTCC AB 2016257T 1455:1484 The type strain is FJAT-45347T (=DSM 104632T=CCTCC AB 2016257T). 29111966 12 39 theme 104632T=CCTCC 1460:1472 arg1 FJAT-45347T 1442:1452 FJAT-45347T 1442:1452 FJAT-45347T (=DSM 104632T=CCTCC AB 2016257T) 1442:1485 The type strain is FJAT-45347T (=DSM 104632T=CCTCC AB 2016257T). 29111966 12 40 theme =DSM 1455:1458 arg1 2016257T 1477:1484 =DSM 104632T=CCTCC AB 2016257T 1455:1484 =DSM 104632T=CCTCC AB 2016257T 1455:1484 The type strain is FJAT-45347T (=DSM 104632T=CCTCC AB 2016257T). 29111966 12 40 theme =DSM 1455:1458 arg1 FJAT-45347T 1442:1452 FJAT-45347T 1442:1452 FJAT-45347T (=DSM 104632T=CCTCC AB 2016257T) 1442:1485 The type strain is FJAT-45347T (=DSM 104632T=CCTCC AB 2016257T). 29111966 4 41 theme meso-diaminopimelic 447:465 arg1 acid 467:470 meso-diaminopimelic acid 447:470 meso-diaminopimelic acid 447:470 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 29111966 10 42 theme name 1381:1384 arg1 sp 1401:1402 the name Bacilluspopuli sp 1377:1402 the name Bacilluspopuli sp 1377:1402 The phenotypic characters and taxono-genomics study revealed that FJAT-45347T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacilluspopuli sp. 29111966 10 43 theme taxono-genomics 1269:1283 arg1 study 1285:1289 taxono-genomics study 1269:1289 taxono-genomics study 1269:1289 The phenotypic characters and taxono-genomics study revealed that FJAT-45347T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacilluspopuli sp. 29111966 8 44 dep species 1105:1111 arg1 % 1124:1124 96 and 70 % 1114:1124 96 and 70 % 1114:1124 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between FJAT-45347T and the most closely related species were 68.5 and 26.2 %, respectively, which were lower than the thresholds commonly used to define species (96 and 70 %, respectively), indicating that it represented a member of a different taxon. 29111966 7 45 theme clarkii 848:854 arg1 8720T 860:864 Bacillus clarkii DSM 8720T 839:864 Bacillus clarkii DSM 8720T (96.1 %) 839:873 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated FJAT-45347T to the genus Bacillus, and it showed the highest sequence similarities to Bacillus clarkii DSM 8720T (96.1 %). 29111966 7 45 theme clarkii 848:854 arg1 % 872:872 96.1 % 867:872 96.1 % 867:872 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated FJAT-45347T to the genus Bacillus, and it showed the highest sequence similarities to Bacillus clarkii DSM 8720T (96.1 %). 29111966 8 46 theme hybridization 930:942 arg1 % 1027:1027 68.5 and 26.2 % 1013:1027 % 1027:1027 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between FJAT-45347T and the most closely related species were 68.5 and 26.2 %, respectively, which were lower than the thresholds commonly used to define species (96 and 70 %, respectively), indicating that it represented a member of a different taxon. 29111966 8 46 theme hybridization 930:942 arg1 values 944:949 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values 876:949 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between FJAT-45347T and the most closely related species 876:1006 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between FJAT-45347T and the most closely related species were 68.5 and 26.2 %, respectively, which were lower than the thresholds commonly used to define species (96 and 70 %, respectively), indicating that it represented a member of a different taxon. 29111966 2 47 theme rhizosphere 195:205 arg1 soil 207:210 rhizosphere soil 195:210 rhizosphere soil collected from the Taklamakan desert in Xinjiang (PR China) 195:270 A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated FJAT-45347T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil collected from the Taklamakan desert in Xinjiang (PR China). 29111966 8 48 theme nucleotide 888:897 arg1 identity 899:906 average nucleotide identity 880:906 average nucleotide identity 880:906 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between FJAT-45347T and the most closely related species were 68.5 and 26.2 %, respectively, which were lower than the thresholds commonly used to define species (96 and 70 %, respectively), indicating that it represented a member of a different taxon. 29111966 5 49 dep iso-C15  535:542 arg1  0 561:562  0 561:562  0 561:562 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 29111966 5 49 dep iso-C15  535:542 arg1 anteiso-C17  568:579 anteiso-C17  568:579 anteiso-C17  568:579 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 29111966 5 49 dep iso-C15  535:542 arg1  0 581:582  0 581:582  0 581:582 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 29111966 5 49 dep iso-C15  535:542 arg1  0 544:545  0 544:545  0 544:545 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. 29111966 7 50 theme Phylogenetic 687:698 arg1 analysis 700:707 Phylogenetic analysis 687:707 Phylogenetic analysis 687:707 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated FJAT-45347T to the genus Bacillus, and it showed the highest sequence similarities to Bacillus clarkii DSM 8720T (96.1 %). 29111966 10 51 theme Bacilluspopuli 1386:1399 arg1 sp 1401:1402 the name Bacilluspopuli sp 1377:1402 the name Bacilluspopuli sp 1377:1402 The phenotypic characters and taxono-genomics study revealed that FJAT-45347T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacilluspopuli sp. 29111966 2 52 theme Xinjiang 252:259 arg1 China 265:269 Xinjiang (PR China) 252:270 Xinjiang (PR China) 252:270 A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated FJAT-45347T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil collected from the Taklamakan desert in Xinjiang (PR China). 29111966 10 53 theme phenotypic 1243:1252 arg1 characters 1254:1263 The phenotypic characters 1239:1263 The phenotypic characters 1239:1263 The phenotypic characters and taxono-genomics study revealed that FJAT-45347T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacilluspopuli sp. 29111966 8 54 theme different 1187:1195 arg1 taxon 1197:1201 a different taxon 1185:1201 a different taxon 1185:1201 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between FJAT-45347T and the most closely related species were 68.5 and 26.2 %, respectively, which were lower than the thresholds commonly used to define species (96 and 70 %, respectively), indicating that it represented a member of a different taxon. 29111966 7 55 theme 16S 718:720 arg1 sequences 732:740 16S rRNA gene sequences 718:740 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated FJAT-45347T to the genus Bacillus 718:785 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated FJAT-45347T to the genus Bacillus, and it showed the highest sequence similarities to Bacillus clarkii DSM 8720T (96.1 %). 29111966 12 56 theme type 1427:1430 arg1 strain 1432:1437 The type strain 1423:1437 The type strain 1423:1437 The type strain is FJAT-45347T (=DSM 104632T=CCTCC AB 2016257T). 29111966 12 56 theme type 1427:1430 arg1 FJAT-45347T 1442:1452 FJAT-45347T 1442:1452 FJAT-45347T (=DSM 104632T=CCTCC AB 2016257T) 1442:1485 The type strain is FJAT-45347T (=DSM 104632T=CCTCC AB 2016257T). 29111966 3 57 theme optimum 306:312 arg1 15-35 °C 296:303 15-35 °C 296:303 15-35 °C (optimum 25 °C) 296:319 Growth was observed at 15-35 °C (optimum 25 °C), in 0 % and 20.0 % NaCl (optimum 8.0 %) and at pH 7.5-12.0 (optimum 8.0), respectively. 29111966 3 57 theme optimum 306:312 arg1 25 °C 314:318 optimum 25 °C 306:318 optimum 25 °C 306:318 Growth was observed at 15-35 °C (optimum 25 °C), in 0 % and 20.0 % NaCl (optimum 8.0 %) and at pH 7.5-12.0 (optimum 8.0), respectively. 29111966 8 58 theme taxon 1197:1201 arg1 member 1175:1180 a member 1173:1180 a member of a different taxon 1173:1201 The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between FJAT-45347T and the most closely related species were 68.5 and 26.2 %, respectively, which were lower than the thresholds commonly used to define species (96 and 70 %, respectively), indicating that it represented a member of a different taxon. 29111966 7 59 theme Bacillus 839:846 arg1 8720T 860:864 Bacillus clarkii DSM 8720T 839:864 Bacillus clarkii DSM 8720T (96.1 %) 839:873 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated FJAT-45347T to the genus Bacillus, and it showed the highest sequence similarities to Bacillus clarkii DSM 8720T (96.1 %). 29111966 7 59 theme Bacillus 839:846 arg1 % 872:872 96.1 % 867:872 96.1 % 867:872 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated FJAT-45347T to the genus Bacillus, and it showed the highest sequence similarities to Bacillus clarkii DSM 8720T (96.1 %). 29111966 1 60 theme Populus 39:45 arg1 soil 70:73 Populus euphratica rhizosphere soil 39:73 Populus euphratica rhizosphere soil of the Taklamakan desert 39:98 nov. isolated from Populus euphratica rhizosphere soil of the Taklamakan desert. 29111966 7 61 dep genus 772:776 arg1 Bacillus 778:785 the genus Bacillus 768:785 the genus Bacillus 768:785 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated FJAT-45347T to the genus Bacillus, and it showed the highest sequence similarities to Bacillus clarkii DSM 8720T (96.1 %). 29111966 0 62 theme populi 9:14 arg1 sp 16:17 Bacillus populi sp 0:17 Bacillus populi sp. 0:18 Bacillus populi sp. 29111966 7 63 theme sequence 814:821 arg1 similarities 823:834 the highest sequence similarities 802:834 the highest sequence similarities to Bacillus clarkii DSM 8720T (96.1 %) 802:873 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated FJAT-45347T to the genus Bacillus, and it showed the highest sequence similarities to Bacillus clarkii DSM 8720T (96.1 %). 29111966 7 64 theme rRNA 722:725 arg1 sequences 732:740 16S rRNA gene sequences 718:740 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated FJAT-45347T to the genus Bacillus 718:785 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated FJAT-45347T to the genus Bacillus, and it showed the highest sequence similarities to Bacillus clarkii DSM 8720T (96.1 %). 27646713 7 0 theme FT-ICR 1222:1227 arg1 analyses 1229:1236 scan FT-ICR analyses 1217:1236 scan FT-ICR analyses 1217:1236 The results of the MRM and full-MS scan FT-ICR analyses provide comparable quantitative readouts in spite of chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences. 27646713 9 1 theme resolution 1760:1769 arg1 Fourier 1771:1777 high resolution Fourier 1755:1777 high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry 1755:1829 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 3 2 from metastasis 658:667 arg1 intensities 583:593 intensities 583:593 intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer 583:688 In this study, we use MRM and FT-ICR operating in full-MS scan, to determine ratios of intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 8 3 gly glycopeptides 1440:1452 arg2 glycopeptides 1440:1452 glycopeptides 1440:1452 glycopeptides 1440:1452 Our results suggest that both workflows allow adequate relative quantification of glycopeptides and suggest that HCC of HCV etiology differs in glycosylation from colorectal cancer and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 9 4 theme fast 1692:1695 arg1 preparation 1713:1723 a fast and easy sample preparation 1690:1723 a fast and easy sample preparation procedure 1690:1733 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 6 5 from HCC 1119:1121 arg1 O-glycopeptide 1088:1101 bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide 1074:1101 bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology 1074:1157 We observe significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins and increase in bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology by both LC-MS methods. 27646713 0 6 with patients 55:62 arg1 cancer 80:85 colorectal cancer 69:85 colorectal cancer 69:85 Changes in the expression of N- and O-glycopeptides in patients with colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma quantified by full-MS scan FT-ICR and multiple reaction monitoring. 27646713 11 7 theme targeted 2100:2107 arg1 approach 2113:2120 conventional targeted MRM approach 2087:2120 conventional targeted MRM approach 2087:2120 The presented method is comparable to conventional targeted MRM approach but allows additional curation of the data. 27646713 10 8 gly glycopeptides 1860:1872 arg2 glycopeptides 1860:1872 successful glycopeptides relative quantification 1849:1896 successful glycopeptides relative quantification 1849:1896 The results show successful glycopeptides relative quantification in a complex peptide mixture by the high resolution instrument and the detection of glycan differences between the different types of cancer diseases. 27646713 9 9 theme easy 1701:1704 arg1 preparation 1713:1723 a fast and easy sample preparation 1690:1723 a fast and easy sample preparation procedure 1690:1733 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 6 10 theme LC-MS 1167:1171 arg1 methods 1173:1179 both LC-MS methods 1162:1179 both LC-MS methods 1162:1179 We observe significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins and increase in bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology by both LC-MS methods. 27646713 3 11 from cancer 640:645 arg1 intensities 583:593 intensities 583:593 intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer 583:688 In this study, we use MRM and FT-ICR operating in full-MS scan, to determine ratios of intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 0 12 with carcinoma 106:114 arg1 cancer 80:85 colorectal cancer 69:85 colorectal cancer 69:85 Changes in the expression of N- and O-glycopeptides in patients with colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma quantified by full-MS scan FT-ICR and multiple reaction monitoring. 27646713 4 13 theme non-fucosylated 857:871 arg1 forms 873:877 their non-fucosylated forms 851:877 their non-fucosylated forms 851:877 Haptoglobin, hemopexin and complement factor H were detected after albumin depletion and the N-linked glycopeptides with fucosylated glycans were compared with their non-fucosylated forms. 27646713 6 14 from increase 1062:1069 arg1 fucosylation 1023:1034 fucosylation 1023:1034 fucosylation of all three proteins 1023:1056 We observe significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins and increase in bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology by both LC-MS methods. 27646713 6 14 from increase 1062:1069 arg1 O-glycopeptide 1088:1101 bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide 1074:1101 bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology 1074:1157 We observe significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins and increase in bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology by both LC-MS methods. 27646713 10 15 theme cancer 2032:2037 arg1 diseases 2039:2046 cancer diseases 2032:2046 cancer diseases 2032:2046 The results show successful glycopeptides relative quantification in a complex peptide mixture by the high resolution instrument and the detection of glycan differences between the different types of cancer diseases. 27646713 11 16 theme additional 2133:2142 arg1 curation 2144:2151 additional curation 2133:2151 additional curation of the data 2133:2163 The presented method is comparable to conventional targeted MRM approach but allows additional curation of the data. 27646713 0 17 theme full-MS 130:136 arg1 FT-ICR 143:148 full-MS scan FT-ICR 130:148 full-MS scan FT-ICR 130:148 Changes in the expression of N- and O-glycopeptides in patients with colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma quantified by full-MS scan FT-ICR and multiple reaction monitoring. 27646713 3 18 theme intensities 583:593 arg1 ratios 573:578 ratios 573:578 ratios of intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer 573:688 In this study, we use MRM and FT-ICR operating in full-MS scan, to determine ratios of intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 1 19 theme proteins 221:228 arg1 glycosylation 204:216 the glycosylation 200:216 the glycosylation of proteins 200:228 Alternations in the glycosylation of proteins have been described in connection with several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer. 27646713 5 20 gly sialylated 893:902 arg1 forms 904:908 sialylated forms 893:908 sialylated forms of an O-linked glycopeptide of hemopexin 893:949 In addition, sialylated forms of an O-linked glycopeptide of hemopexin were quantified in the same samples. 27646713 5 20 gly sialylated 893:902 arg1 glycopeptide 925:936 an O-linked glycopeptide 913:936 an O-linked glycopeptide of hemopexin 913:949 In addition, sialylated forms of an O-linked glycopeptide of hemopexin were quantified in the same samples. 27646713 9 21 dep SIGNIFICANCE 1582:1593 arg1 compares 1607:1614 compares 1607:1614 compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry 1607:1829 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 10 22 theme successful 1849:1858 arg1 quantification 1883:1896 successful glycopeptides relative quantification 1849:1896 successful glycopeptides relative quantification 1849:1896 The results show successful glycopeptides relative quantification in a complex peptide mixture by the high resolution instrument and the detection of glycan differences between the different types of cancer diseases. 27646713 5 23 theme O-linked 916:923 arg1 glycopeptide 925:936 an O-linked glycopeptide 913:936 an O-linked glycopeptide of hemopexin 913:949 In addition, sialylated forms of an O-linked glycopeptide of hemopexin were quantified in the same samples. 27646713 9 24 from N- 1616:1617 arg1 diseases 1678:1685 different diseases 1668:1685 different diseases 1668:1685 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 11 25 theme data 2160:2163 arg1 curation 2144:2151 additional curation 2133:2151 additional curation of the data 2133:2163 The presented method is comparable to conventional targeted MRM approach but allows additional curation of the data. 27646713 8 26 theme etiology 1482:1489 arg1 HCC 1471:1473 HCC 1471:1473 HCC of HCV etiology 1471:1489 Our results suggest that both workflows allow adequate relative quantification of glycopeptides and suggest that HCC of HCV etiology differs in glycosylation from colorectal cancer and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 0 27 theme multiple 154:161 arg1 monitoring 172:181 multiple reaction monitoring 154:181 multiple reaction monitoring 154:181 Changes in the expression of N- and O-glycopeptides in patients with colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma quantified by full-MS scan FT-ICR and multiple reaction monitoring. 27646713 10 28 theme complex 1903:1909 arg1 mixture 1919:1925 a complex peptide mixture 1901:1925 a complex peptide mixture 1901:1925 The results show successful glycopeptides relative quantification in a complex peptide mixture by the high resolution instrument and the detection of glycan differences between the different types of cancer diseases. 27646713 1 29 from Alternations 184:195 arg1 glycosylation 204:216 the glycosylation 200:216 the glycosylation of proteins 200:228 Alternations in the glycosylation of proteins have been described in connection with several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer. 27646713 0 30 dep FT-ICR 143:148 arg1 scan 138:141 scan 138:141 scan 138:141 Changes in the expression of N- and O-glycopeptides in patients with colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma quantified by full-MS scan FT-ICR and multiple reaction monitoring. 27646713 9 31 theme cyclotron 1793:1801 arg1 spectrometry 1818:1829 ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry 1789:1829 ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry 1789:1829 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 1 32 theme colorectal 331:340 arg1 cancer 342:347 colorectal cancer 331:347 colorectal cancer 331:347 Alternations in the glycosylation of proteins have been described in connection with several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer. 27646713 3 33 theme specific 598:605 arg1 glycopeptides 607:619 specific glycopeptides 598:619 specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer 598:688 In this study, we use MRM and FT-ICR operating in full-MS scan, to determine ratios of intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 5 34 theme sialylated 893:902 arg1 forms 904:908 sialylated forms 893:908 sialylated forms of an O-linked glycopeptide of hemopexin 893:949 In addition, sialylated forms of an O-linked glycopeptide of hemopexin were quantified in the same samples. 27646713 9 35 theme mass 1813:1816 arg1 spectrometry 1818:1829 ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry 1789:1829 ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry 1789:1829 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 4 36 with glycopeptides 793:805 arg1 glycans 824:830 fucosylated glycans 812:830 fucosylated glycans 812:830 Haptoglobin, hemopexin and complement factor H were detected after albumin depletion and the N-linked glycopeptides with fucosylated glycans were compared with their non-fucosylated forms. 27646713 6 37 theme significant 999:1009 arg1 increase 1011:1018 significant increase 999:1018 significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins 999:1056 We observe significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins and increase in bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology by both LC-MS methods. 27646713 0 38 from Changes 0:6 arg1 expression 15:24 the expression 11:24 the expression of N- and O-glycopeptides 11:50 Changes in the expression of N- and O-glycopeptides in patients with colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma quantified by full-MS scan FT-ICR and multiple reaction monitoring. 27646713 0 38 from Changes 0:6 arg1 patients 55:62 patients 55:62 patients with colorectal cancer 55:85 Changes in the expression of N- and O-glycopeptides in patients with colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma quantified by full-MS scan FT-ICR and multiple reaction monitoring. 27646713 0 38 from Changes 0:6 arg1 carcinoma 106:114 hepatocellular carcinoma 91:114 hepatocellular carcinoma 91:114 Changes in the expression of N- and O-glycopeptides in patients with colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma quantified by full-MS scan FT-ICR and multiple reaction monitoring. 27646713 5 39 theme same 974:977 arg1 samples 979:985 the same samples 970:985 the same samples 970:985 In addition, sialylated forms of an O-linked glycopeptide of hemopexin were quantified in the same samples. 27646713 8 40 theme liver 1543:1547 arg1 metastasis 1549:1558 liver metastasis 1543:1558 liver metastasis of colorectal cancer 1543:1579 Our results suggest that both workflows allow adequate relative quantification of glycopeptides and suggest that HCC of HCV etiology differs in glycosylation from colorectal cancer and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 4 41 link N-linked 784:791 arg1 glycopeptides 793:805 the N-linked glycopeptides 780:805 the N-linked glycopeptides with fucosylated glycans 780:830 Haptoglobin, hemopexin and complement factor H were detected after albumin depletion and the N-linked glycopeptides with fucosylated glycans were compared with their non-fucosylated forms. 27646713 2 42 theme chromatography 400:413 arg1 combination 378:388 combination 378:388 combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry 378:435 Analytical tools, which use combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, allow precise and sensitive description of these changes. 27646713 0 43 theme hepatocellular 91:104 arg1 carcinoma 106:114 hepatocellular carcinoma 91:114 hepatocellular carcinoma 91:114 Changes in the expression of N- and O-glycopeptides in patients with colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma quantified by full-MS scan FT-ICR and multiple reaction monitoring. 27646713 9 44 from proteins 1656:1663 arg1 diseases 1678:1685 different diseases 1668:1685 different diseases 1668:1685 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 2 45 theme sensitive 456:464 arg1 description 466:476 precise and sensitive description 444:476 precise and sensitive description of these changes 444:493 Analytical tools, which use combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, allow precise and sensitive description of these changes. 27646713 6 46 from increase 1011:1018 arg1 fucosylation 1023:1034 fucosylation 1023:1034 fucosylation of all three proteins 1023:1056 We observe significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins and increase in bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology by both LC-MS methods. 27646713 6 46 from increase 1011:1018 arg1 O-glycopeptide 1088:1101 bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide 1074:1101 bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology 1074:1157 We observe significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins and increase in bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology by both LC-MS methods. 27646713 4 47 theme factor 729:734 arg1 H 736:736 complement factor H 718:736 complement factor H 718:736 Haptoglobin, hemopexin and complement factor H were detected after albumin depletion and the N-linked glycopeptides with fucosylated glycans were compared with their non-fucosylated forms. 27646713 4 48 gly fucosylated 812:822 arg1 glycans 824:830 fucosylated glycans 812:830 fucosylated glycans 812:830 Haptoglobin, hemopexin and complement factor H were detected after albumin depletion and the N-linked glycopeptides with fucosylated glycans were compared with their non-fucosylated forms. 27646713 7 49 dep analyses 1229:1236 arg1 scan 1217:1220 scan 1217:1220 scan 1217:1220 The results of the MRM and full-MS scan FT-ICR analyses provide comparable quantitative readouts in spite of chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences. 27646713 2 50 theme precise 444:450 arg1 description 466:476 precise and sensitive description 444:476 precise and sensitive description of these changes 444:493 Analytical tools, which use combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, allow precise and sensitive description of these changes. 27646713 8 51 theme cancer 1574:1579 arg1 cancer 1532:1537 colorectal cancer 1521:1537 colorectal cancer 1521:1537 Our results suggest that both workflows allow adequate relative quantification of glycopeptides and suggest that HCC of HCV etiology differs in glycosylation from colorectal cancer and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 8 51 theme cancer 1574:1579 arg1 metastasis 1549:1558 liver metastasis 1543:1558 liver metastasis of colorectal cancer 1543:1579 Our results suggest that both workflows allow adequate relative quantification of glycopeptides and suggest that HCC of HCV etiology differs in glycosylation from colorectal cancer and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 7 52 dep MRM 1201:1203 arg1 the 1197:1199 the 1197:1199 the 1197:1199 The results of the MRM and full-MS scan FT-ICR analyses provide comparable quantitative readouts in spite of chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences. 27646713 7 52 dep MRM 1201:1203 arg1 analyses 1229:1236 scan FT-ICR analyses 1217:1236 scan FT-ICR analyses 1217:1236 The results of the MRM and full-MS scan FT-ICR analyses provide comparable quantitative readouts in spite of chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences. 27646713 8 53 theme adequate 1404:1411 arg1 quantification 1422:1435 adequate relative quantification 1404:1435 adequate relative quantification of glycopeptides 1404:1452 Our results suggest that both workflows allow adequate relative quantification of glycopeptides and suggest that HCC of HCV etiology differs in glycosylation from colorectal cancer and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 1 54 theme hepatocellular 296:309 arg1 HCC 322:324 HCC 322:324 HCC 322:324 Alternations in the glycosylation of proteins have been described in connection with several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer. 27646713 1 54 theme hepatocellular 296:309 arg1 carcinoma 311:319 hepatocellular carcinoma 296:319 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 296:325 Alternations in the glycosylation of proteins have been described in connection with several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer. 27646713 9 55 from O-glycosylation 1623:1637 arg1 diseases 1678:1685 different diseases 1668:1685 different diseases 1668:1685 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 7 56 theme mass 1308:1311 arg1 differences 1345:1355 chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences 1291:1355 differences 1345:1355 The results of the MRM and full-MS scan FT-ICR analyses provide comparable quantitative readouts in spite of chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences. 27646713 7 56 theme mass 1308:1311 arg1 spectrometric 1313:1325 mass spectrometric 1308:1325 mass spectrometric 1308:1325 The results of the MRM and full-MS scan FT-ICR analyses provide comparable quantitative readouts in spite of chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences. 27646713 2 57 theme changes 487:493 arg1 description 466:476 precise and sensitive description 444:476 precise and sensitive description of these changes 444:493 Analytical tools, which use combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, allow precise and sensitive description of these changes. 27646713 4 58 theme fucosylated 812:822 arg1 glycans 824:830 fucosylated glycans 812:830 fucosylated glycans 812:830 Haptoglobin, hemopexin and complement factor H were detected after albumin depletion and the N-linked glycopeptides with fucosylated glycans were compared with their non-fucosylated forms. 27646713 3 59 from intensities 583:593 arg1 HCC 624:626 HCC 624:626 HCC 624:626 In this study, we use MRM and FT-ICR operating in full-MS scan, to determine ratios of intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 3 59 from intensities 583:593 arg1 cancer 640:645 colorectal cancer 629:645 colorectal cancer 629:645 In this study, we use MRM and FT-ICR operating in full-MS scan, to determine ratios of intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 3 59 from intensities 583:593 arg1 metastasis 658:667 liver metastasis 652:667 liver metastasis of colorectal cancer 652:688 In this study, we use MRM and FT-ICR operating in full-MS scan, to determine ratios of intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 2 60 theme mass 419:422 arg1 spectrometry 424:435 mass spectrometry 419:435 mass spectrometry 419:435 Analytical tools, which use combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, allow precise and sensitive description of these changes. 27646713 7 61 theme chromatographic 1291:1305 arg1 differences 1345:1355 chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences 1291:1355 differences 1345:1355 The results of the MRM and full-MS scan FT-ICR analyses provide comparable quantitative readouts in spite of chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences. 27646713 7 61 theme chromatographic 1291:1305 arg1 spectrometric 1313:1325 mass spectrometric 1308:1325 mass spectrometric 1308:1325 The results of the MRM and full-MS scan FT-ICR analyses provide comparable quantitative readouts in spite of chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences. 27646713 7 61 theme chromatographic 1291:1305 arg1 analysis 1336:1343 data analysis 1331:1343 data analysis 1331:1343 The results of the MRM and full-MS scan FT-ICR analyses provide comparable quantitative readouts in spite of chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences. 27646713 6 62 gly O-glycopeptide 1088:1101 arg1 hemopexin 1106:1114 hemopexin 1106:1114 hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology 1106:1157 We observe significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins and increase in bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology by both LC-MS methods. 27646713 6 62 gly O-glycopeptide 1088:1101 arg2 O-glycopeptide 1088:1101 bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide 1074:1101 bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology 1074:1157 We observe significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins and increase in bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology by both LC-MS methods. 27646713 2 63 theme Analytical 350:359 arg1 tools 361:365 Analytical tools 350:365 Analytical tools 350:365 Analytical tools, which use combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, allow precise and sensitive description of these changes. 27646713 4 64 gly glycopeptides 793:805 arg2 glycopeptides 793:805 the N-linked glycopeptides 780:805 the N-linked glycopeptides with fucosylated glycans 780:830 Haptoglobin, hemopexin and complement factor H were detected after albumin depletion and the N-linked glycopeptides with fucosylated glycans were compared with their non-fucosylated forms. 27646713 10 65 theme peptide 1911:1917 arg1 mixture 1919:1925 a complex peptide mixture 1901:1925 a complex peptide mixture 1901:1925 The results show successful glycopeptides relative quantification in a complex peptide mixture by the high resolution instrument and the detection of glycan differences between the different types of cancer diseases. 27646713 9 66 theme serum 1650:1654 arg1 proteins 1656:1663 several serum proteins 1642:1663 several serum proteins in different diseases 1642:1685 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 1 67 with connection 253:262 arg1 carcinoma 311:319 hepatocellular carcinoma 296:319 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 296:325 Alternations in the glycosylation of proteins have been described in connection with several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer. 27646713 1 67 with connection 253:262 arg1 cancer 342:347 colorectal cancer 331:347 colorectal cancer 331:347 Alternations in the glycosylation of proteins have been described in connection with several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer. 27646713 1 67 with connection 253:262 arg1 cancers 277:283 several cancers 269:283 several cancers 269:283 Alternations in the glycosylation of proteins have been described in connection with several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer. 27646713 6 68 theme viral 1138:1142 arg1 etiology 1150:1157 hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology 1126:1157 hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology 1126:1157 We observe significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins and increase in bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology by both LC-MS methods. 27646713 11 69 theme presented 2053:2061 arg1 comparable 2073:2082 comparable 2073:2082 comparable 2073:2082 The presented method is comparable to conventional targeted MRM approach but allows additional curation of the data. 27646713 11 69 theme presented 2053:2061 arg1 method 2063:2068 The presented method 2049:2068 The presented method 2049:2068 The presented method is comparable to conventional targeted MRM approach but allows additional curation of the data. 27646713 8 70 theme glycopeptides 1440:1452 arg1 quantification 1422:1435 adequate relative quantification 1404:1435 adequate relative quantification of glycopeptides 1404:1452 Our results suggest that both workflows allow adequate relative quantification of glycopeptides and suggest that HCC of HCV etiology differs in glycosylation from colorectal cancer and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 5 71 link O-linked 916:923 arg1 glycopeptide 925:936 an O-linked glycopeptide 913:936 an O-linked glycopeptide of hemopexin 913:949 In addition, sialylated forms of an O-linked glycopeptide of hemopexin were quantified in the same samples. 27646713 6 72 theme hepatitis 1126:1134 arg1 C 1136:1136 hepatitis C 1126:1136 hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology 1126:1157 We observe significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins and increase in bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology by both LC-MS methods. 27646713 9 73 gly O-glycosylation 1623:1637 arg1 combination 1738:1748 combination 1738:1748 combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry 1738:1829 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 9 73 gly O-glycosylation 1623:1637 arg1 proteins 1656:1663 several serum proteins 1642:1663 several serum proteins in different diseases 1642:1685 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 10 74 theme resolution 1939:1948 arg1 instrument 1950:1959 the high resolution instrument 1930:1959 the high resolution instrument 1930:1959 The results show successful glycopeptides relative quantification in a complex peptide mixture by the high resolution instrument and the detection of glycan differences between the different types of cancer diseases. 27646713 6 75 from hemopexin 1106:1114 arg1 HCC 1119:1121 HCC 1119:1121 HCC 1119:1121 We observe significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins and increase in bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology by both LC-MS methods. 27646713 0 76 gly O-glycopeptides 36:50 arg2 O-glycopeptides 36:50 O-glycopeptides 36:50 O-glycopeptides 36:50 Changes in the expression of N- and O-glycopeptides in patients with colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma quantified by full-MS scan FT-ICR and multiple reaction monitoring. 27646713 7 77 theme comparable 1246:1255 arg1 readouts 1270:1277 comparable quantitative readouts 1246:1277 comparable quantitative readouts in spite of chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences 1246:1355 The results of the MRM and full-MS scan FT-ICR analyses provide comparable quantitative readouts in spite of chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences. 27646713 7 78 theme MRM 1201:1203 arg1 results 1186:1192 The results 1182:1192 The results of the MRM and full-MS scan FT-ICR analyses 1182:1236 The results of the MRM and full-MS scan FT-ICR analyses provide comparable quantitative readouts in spite of chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences. 27646713 6 79 gly fucosylation 1023:1034 arg1 proteins 1049:1056 all three proteins 1039:1056 all three proteins 1039:1056 We observe significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins and increase in bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology by both LC-MS methods. 27646713 9 80 theme preparation 1713:1723 arg1 procedure 1725:1733 a fast and easy sample preparation procedure 1690:1733 a fast and easy sample preparation procedure 1690:1733 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 6 81 theme hemopexin 1106:1114 arg1 O-glycopeptide 1088:1101 bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide 1074:1101 bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology 1074:1157 We observe significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins and increase in bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology by both LC-MS methods. 27646713 3 82 from HCC 624:626 arg1 intensities 583:593 intensities 583:593 intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer 583:688 In this study, we use MRM and FT-ICR operating in full-MS scan, to determine ratios of intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 3 83 theme colorectal 672:681 arg1 cancer 683:688 colorectal cancer 672:688 colorectal cancer 672:688 In this study, we use MRM and FT-ICR operating in full-MS scan, to determine ratios of intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 11 84 theme conventional 2087:2098 arg1 approach 2113:2120 conventional targeted MRM approach 2087:2120 conventional targeted MRM approach 2087:2120 The presented method is comparable to conventional targeted MRM approach but allows additional curation of the data. 27646713 1 85 theme several 269:275 arg1 carcinoma 311:319 hepatocellular carcinoma 296:319 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 296:325 Alternations in the glycosylation of proteins have been described in connection with several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer. 27646713 1 85 theme several 269:275 arg1 cancer 342:347 colorectal cancer 331:347 colorectal cancer 331:347 Alternations in the glycosylation of proteins have been described in connection with several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer. 27646713 1 85 theme several 269:275 arg1 cancers 277:283 several cancers 269:283 several cancers 269:283 Alternations in the glycosylation of proteins have been described in connection with several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer. 27646713 10 86 theme different 2013:2021 arg1 types 2023:2027 the different types 2009:2027 the different types of cancer diseases 2009:2046 The results show successful glycopeptides relative quantification in a complex peptide mixture by the high resolution instrument and the detection of glycan differences between the different types of cancer diseases. 27646713 1 87 gly glycosylation 204:216 arg1 proteins 221:228 proteins 221:228 proteins 221:228 Alternations in the glycosylation of proteins have been described in connection with several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer. 27646713 6 88 from O-glycopeptide 1088:1101 arg1 HCC 1119:1121 HCC 1119:1121 HCC 1119:1121 We observe significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins and increase in bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology by both LC-MS methods. 27646713 9 89 theme sample 1706:1711 arg1 preparation 1713:1723 a fast and easy sample preparation 1690:1723 a fast and easy sample preparation procedure 1690:1733 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 3 90 gly glycopeptides 607:619 arg2 glycopeptides 607:619 specific glycopeptides 598:619 specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer 598:688 In this study, we use MRM and FT-ICR operating in full-MS scan, to determine ratios of intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 6 91 theme etiology 1150:1157 arg1 hemopexin 1106:1114 hemopexin 1106:1114 hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology 1106:1157 We observe significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins and increase in bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology by both LC-MS methods. 27646713 10 92 theme diseases 2039:2046 arg1 types 2023:2027 the different types 2009:2027 the different types of cancer diseases 2009:2046 The results show successful glycopeptides relative quantification in a complex peptide mixture by the high resolution instrument and the detection of glycan differences between the different types of cancer diseases. 27646713 11 93 theme MRM 2109:2111 arg1 approach 2113:2120 conventional targeted MRM approach 2087:2120 conventional targeted MRM approach 2087:2120 The presented method is comparable to conventional targeted MRM approach but allows additional curation of the data. 27646713 7 94 dep differences 1345:1355 arg1 differences 1345:1355 chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences 1291:1355 differences 1345:1355 The results of the MRM and full-MS scan FT-ICR analyses provide comparable quantitative readouts in spite of chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences. 27646713 7 94 dep differences 1345:1355 arg1 spectrometric 1313:1325 mass spectrometric 1308:1325 mass spectrometric 1308:1325 The results of the MRM and full-MS scan FT-ICR analyses provide comparable quantitative readouts in spite of chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences. 27646713 7 94 dep differences 1345:1355 arg1 analysis 1336:1343 data analysis 1331:1343 data analysis 1331:1343 The results of the MRM and full-MS scan FT-ICR analyses provide comparable quantitative readouts in spite of chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences. 27646713 6 95 theme HCV 1145:1147 arg1 etiology 1150:1157 hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology 1126:1157 hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology 1126:1157 We observe significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins and increase in bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology by both LC-MS methods. 27646713 5 96 gly glycopeptide 925:936 arg1 hemopexin 941:949 hemopexin 941:949 hemopexin 941:949 In addition, sialylated forms of an O-linked glycopeptide of hemopexin were quantified in the same samples. 27646713 5 96 gly glycopeptide 925:936 arg2 glycopeptide 925:936 an O-linked glycopeptide 913:936 an O-linked glycopeptide of hemopexin 913:949 In addition, sialylated forms of an O-linked glycopeptide of hemopexin were quantified in the same samples. 27646713 8 97 theme HCV 1478:1480 arg1 etiology 1482:1489 HCV etiology 1478:1489 HCV etiology 1478:1489 Our results suggest that both workflows allow adequate relative quantification of glycopeptides and suggest that HCC of HCV etiology differs in glycosylation from colorectal cancer and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 10 98 theme glycopeptides 1860:1872 arg1 quantification 1883:1896 successful glycopeptides relative quantification 1849:1896 successful glycopeptides relative quantification 1849:1896 The results show successful glycopeptides relative quantification in a complex peptide mixture by the high resolution instrument and the detection of glycan differences between the different types of cancer diseases. 27646713 0 99 theme reaction 163:170 arg1 monitoring 172:181 multiple reaction monitoring 154:181 multiple reaction monitoring 154:181 Changes in the expression of N- and O-glycopeptides in patients with colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma quantified by full-MS scan FT-ICR and multiple reaction monitoring. 27646713 3 100 theme glycopeptides 607:619 arg1 intensities 583:593 intensities 583:593 intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer 583:688 In this study, we use MRM and FT-ICR operating in full-MS scan, to determine ratios of intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 5 101 theme glycopeptide 925:936 arg1 forms 904:908 sialylated forms 893:908 sialylated forms of an O-linked glycopeptide of hemopexin 893:949 In addition, sialylated forms of an O-linked glycopeptide of hemopexin were quantified in the same samples. 27646713 9 102 theme ion 1789:1791 arg1 spectrometry 1818:1829 ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry 1789:1829 ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry 1789:1829 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 7 103 theme quantitative 1257:1268 arg1 readouts 1270:1277 comparable quantitative readouts 1246:1277 comparable quantitative readouts in spite of chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences 1246:1355 The results of the MRM and full-MS scan FT-ICR analyses provide comparable quantitative readouts in spite of chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences. 27646713 7 104 theme full-MS 1209:1215 arg1 results 1186:1192 The results 1182:1192 The results of the MRM and full-MS scan FT-ICR analyses 1182:1236 The results of the MRM and full-MS scan FT-ICR analyses provide comparable quantitative readouts in spite of chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences. 27646713 3 105 dep full-MS 546:552 arg1 scan 554:557 scan 554:557 scan 554:557 In this study, we use MRM and FT-ICR operating in full-MS scan, to determine ratios of intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 9 106 theme resonance 1803:1811 arg1 spectrometry 1818:1829 ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry 1789:1829 ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry 1789:1829 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 8 107 theme colorectal 1521:1530 arg1 cancer 1532:1537 colorectal cancer 1521:1537 colorectal cancer 1521:1537 Our results suggest that both workflows allow adequate relative quantification of glycopeptides and suggest that HCC of HCV etiology differs in glycosylation from colorectal cancer and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 0 108 theme colorectal 69:78 arg1 cancer 80:85 colorectal cancer 69:85 colorectal cancer 69:85 Changes in the expression of N- and O-glycopeptides in patients with colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma quantified by full-MS scan FT-ICR and multiple reaction monitoring. 27646713 9 109 dep Fourier 1771:1777 arg1 transform 1779:1787 transform 1779:1787 transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry 1779:1829 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 9 110 from diseases 1678:1685 arg1 O-glycosylation 1623:1637 O-glycosylation 1623:1637 O-glycosylation 1623:1637 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 9 110 from diseases 1678:1685 arg1 N- 1616:1617 N- 1616:1617 N- 1616:1617 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 7 111 theme data 1331:1334 arg1 differences 1345:1355 chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences 1291:1355 differences 1345:1355 The results of the MRM and full-MS scan FT-ICR analyses provide comparable quantitative readouts in spite of chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences. 27646713 7 111 theme data 1331:1334 arg1 analysis 1336:1343 data analysis 1331:1343 data analysis 1331:1343 The results of the MRM and full-MS scan FT-ICR analyses provide comparable quantitative readouts in spite of chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences. 27646713 8 112 theme colorectal 1563:1572 arg1 cancer 1574:1579 colorectal cancer 1563:1579 colorectal cancer 1563:1579 Our results suggest that both workflows allow adequate relative quantification of glycopeptides and suggest that HCC of HCV etiology differs in glycosylation from colorectal cancer and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 4 113 theme albumin 758:764 arg1 depletion 766:774 albumin depletion 758:774 albumin depletion 758:774 Haptoglobin, hemopexin and complement factor H were detected after albumin depletion and the N-linked glycopeptides with fucosylated glycans were compared with their non-fucosylated forms. 27646713 3 114 from glycopeptides 607:619 arg1 HCC 624:626 HCC 624:626 HCC 624:626 In this study, we use MRM and FT-ICR operating in full-MS scan, to determine ratios of intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 3 114 from glycopeptides 607:619 arg1 cancer 640:645 colorectal cancer 629:645 colorectal cancer 629:645 In this study, we use MRM and FT-ICR operating in full-MS scan, to determine ratios of intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 3 114 from glycopeptides 607:619 arg1 metastasis 658:667 liver metastasis 652:667 liver metastasis of colorectal cancer 652:688 In this study, we use MRM and FT-ICR operating in full-MS scan, to determine ratios of intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 2 115 theme liquid 393:398 arg1 chromatography 400:413 liquid chromatography 393:413 liquid chromatography 393:413 Analytical tools, which use combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, allow precise and sensitive description of these changes. 27646713 10 116 theme glycan 1982:1987 arg1 differences 1989:1999 glycan differences 1982:1999 glycan differences between the different types of cancer diseases 1982:2046 The results show successful glycopeptides relative quantification in a complex peptide mixture by the high resolution instrument and the detection of glycan differences between the different types of cancer diseases. 27646713 5 117 theme hemopexin 941:949 arg1 glycopeptide 925:936 an O-linked glycopeptide 913:936 an O-linked glycopeptide of hemopexin 913:949 In addition, sialylated forms of an O-linked glycopeptide of hemopexin were quantified in the same samples. 27646713 6 118 theme bi-sialylated 1074:1086 arg1 O-glycopeptide 1088:1101 bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide 1074:1101 bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology 1074:1157 We observe significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins and increase in bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology by both LC-MS methods. 27646713 4 119 theme complement 718:727 arg1 H 736:736 complement factor H 718:736 complement factor H 718:736 Haptoglobin, hemopexin and complement factor H were detected after albumin depletion and the N-linked glycopeptides with fucosylated glycans were compared with their non-fucosylated forms. 27646713 3 120 theme colorectal 629:638 arg1 cancer 640:645 colorectal cancer 629:645 colorectal cancer 629:645 In this study, we use MRM and FT-ICR operating in full-MS scan, to determine ratios of intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 2 121 theme spectrometry 424:435 arg1 combination 378:388 combination 378:388 combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry 378:435 Analytical tools, which use combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, allow precise and sensitive description of these changes. 27646713 0 122 theme N- 29:30 arg1 expression 15:24 the expression 11:24 the expression of N- and O-glycopeptides 11:50 Changes in the expression of N- and O-glycopeptides in patients with colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma quantified by full-MS scan FT-ICR and multiple reaction monitoring. 27646713 10 123 theme high 1934:1937 arg1 instrument 1950:1959 the high resolution instrument 1930:1959 the high resolution instrument 1930:1959 The results show successful glycopeptides relative quantification in a complex peptide mixture by the high resolution instrument and the detection of glycan differences between the different types of cancer diseases. 27646713 6 124 theme proteins 1049:1056 arg1 fucosylation 1023:1034 fucosylation 1023:1034 fucosylation of all three proteins 1023:1056 We observe significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins and increase in bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology by both LC-MS methods. 27646713 9 125 with combination 1738:1748 arg1 Fourier 1771:1777 high resolution Fourier 1755:1777 high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry 1755:1829 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 0 126 theme O-glycopeptides 36:50 arg1 expression 15:24 the expression 11:24 the expression of N- and O-glycopeptides 11:50 Changes in the expression of N- and O-glycopeptides in patients with colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma quantified by full-MS scan FT-ICR and multiple reaction monitoring. 27646713 9 127 theme several 1642:1648 arg1 proteins 1656:1663 several serum proteins 1642:1663 several serum proteins in different diseases 1642:1685 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 9 128 theme high 1755:1758 arg1 Fourier 1771:1777 high resolution Fourier 1755:1777 high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry 1755:1829 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 10 129 theme differences 1989:1999 arg1 instrument 1950:1959 the high resolution instrument 1930:1959 the high resolution instrument 1930:1959 The results show successful glycopeptides relative quantification in a complex peptide mixture by the high resolution instrument and the detection of glycan differences between the different types of cancer diseases. 27646713 10 129 theme differences 1989:1999 arg1 detection 1969:1977 the detection 1965:1977 the detection of glycan differences between the different types of cancer diseases 1965:2046 The results show successful glycopeptides relative quantification in a complex peptide mixture by the high resolution instrument and the detection of glycan differences between the different types of cancer diseases. 27646713 3 130 theme liver 652:656 arg1 metastasis 658:667 liver metastasis 652:667 liver metastasis of colorectal cancer 652:688 In this study, we use MRM and FT-ICR operating in full-MS scan, to determine ratios of intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 8 131 theme relative 1413:1420 arg1 quantification 1422:1435 adequate relative quantification 1404:1435 adequate relative quantification of glycopeptides 1404:1452 Our results suggest that both workflows allow adequate relative quantification of glycopeptides and suggest that HCC of HCV etiology differs in glycosylation from colorectal cancer and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 9 132 theme proteins 1656:1663 arg1 O-glycosylation 1623:1637 O-glycosylation 1623:1637 O-glycosylation 1623:1637 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 9 132 theme proteins 1656:1663 arg1 N- 1616:1617 N- 1616:1617 N- 1616:1617 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 10 133 theme relative 1874:1881 arg1 quantification 1883:1896 successful glycopeptides relative quantification 1849:1896 successful glycopeptides relative quantification 1849:1896 The results show successful glycopeptides relative quantification in a complex peptide mixture by the high resolution instrument and the detection of glycan differences between the different types of cancer diseases. 27646713 6 134 theme C 1136:1136 arg1 etiology 1150:1157 hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology 1126:1157 hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology 1126:1157 We observe significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins and increase in bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology by both LC-MS methods. 27646713 6 135 gly bi-sialylated 1074:1086 arg1 O-glycopeptide 1088:1101 bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide 1074:1101 bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology 1074:1157 We observe significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins and increase in bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology by both LC-MS methods. 27646713 4 136 gly non-fucosylated 857:871 arg1 forms 873:877 their non-fucosylated forms 851:877 their non-fucosylated forms 851:877 Haptoglobin, hemopexin and complement factor H were detected after albumin depletion and the N-linked glycopeptides with fucosylated glycans were compared with their non-fucosylated forms. 27646713 9 137 theme different 1668:1676 arg1 diseases 1678:1685 different diseases 1668:1685 different diseases 1668:1685 SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 27646713 3 138 theme cancer 683:688 arg1 HCC 624:626 HCC 624:626 HCC 624:626 In this study, we use MRM and FT-ICR operating in full-MS scan, to determine ratios of intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 3 138 theme cancer 683:688 arg1 cancer 640:645 colorectal cancer 629:645 colorectal cancer 629:645 In this study, we use MRM and FT-ICR operating in full-MS scan, to determine ratios of intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 3 138 theme cancer 683:688 arg1 metastasis 658:667 liver metastasis 652:667 liver metastasis of colorectal cancer 652:688 In this study, we use MRM and FT-ICR operating in full-MS scan, to determine ratios of intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 27646713 4 139 theme N-linked 784:791 arg1 glycopeptides 793:805 the N-linked glycopeptides 780:805 the N-linked glycopeptides with fucosylated glycans 780:830 Haptoglobin, hemopexin and complement factor H were detected after albumin depletion and the N-linked glycopeptides with fucosylated glycans were compared with their non-fucosylated forms. 29093274 2 0 theme vessel 476:481 arg1 stabilization 483:495 pathological vessel stabilization 463:495 pathological vessel stabilization 463:495 We have found that NOTCH3, a critical regulator of mural cell differentiation and maturation, is expressed in hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs), suggesting that NOTCH3 may function in HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation and pathological vessel stabilization. 29093274 3 1 from cells 716:720 arg1 IHs 736:738 involuting IHs 725:738 involuting IHs 725:738 Here, we demonstrate that NOTCH3 is expressed in NG2+PDGFRβ+ perivascular HemSCs and CD31+GLUT1+ hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs) in proliferating IHs and becomes mostly restricted to the αSMA+NG2loPDGFRβlo mural cells in involuting IHs. 29093274 1 2 theme vascular 146:153 arg1 proliferation 155:167 rapid vascular proliferation 140:167 rapid vascular proliferation 140:167 Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a vascular tumor that begins with rapid vascular proliferation shortly after birth, followed by vascular involution in early childhood. 29093274 6 3 theme vessels 1154:1160 arg1 coverage 1139:1146 adequate perivascular cell coverage 1112:1146 adequate perivascular cell coverage of IH vessels 1112:1160 Thus, NOTCH3 is necessary for HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation, and adequate perivascular cell coverage of IH vessels is required for IH vessel stability. 29093274 2 4 theme pathological 463:474 arg1 stabilization 483:495 pathological vessel stabilization 463:495 pathological vessel stabilization 463:495 We have found that NOTCH3, a critical regulator of mural cell differentiation and maturation, is expressed in hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs), suggesting that NOTCH3 may function in HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation and pathological vessel stabilization. 29093274 6 5 theme HemSC-to-mural 1071:1084 arg1 differentiation 1091:1105 HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation 1071:1105 HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation 1071:1105 Thus, NOTCH3 is necessary for HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation, and adequate perivascular cell coverage of IH vessels is required for IH vessel stability. 29093274 6 6 theme cell 1086:1089 arg1 differentiation 1091:1105 HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation 1071:1105 HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation 1071:1105 Thus, NOTCH3 is necessary for HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation, and adequate perivascular cell coverage of IH vessels is required for IH vessel stability. 29093274 3 7 theme αSMA+NG2loPDGFRβlo 691:708 arg1 cells 716:720 the αSMA+NG2loPDGFRβlo mural cells 687:720 the αSMA+NG2loPDGFRβlo mural cells in involuting IHs 687:738 Here, we demonstrate that NOTCH3 is expressed in NG2+PDGFRβ+ perivascular HemSCs and CD31+GLUT1+ hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs) in proliferating IHs and becomes mostly restricted to the αSMA+NG2loPDGFRβlo mural cells in involuting IHs. 29093274 5 8 theme perivascular 1013:1024 arg1 coverage 1031:1038 αSMA+ perivascular cell coverage 1007:1038 αSMA+ perivascular cell coverage 1007:1038 In a mouse model of IH, NOTCH3 knockdown or systemic expression of the NOTCH3 inhibitor, NOTCH3 Decoy, significantly decreased IH blood flow, vessel caliber, and αSMA+ perivascular cell coverage. 29093274 2 9 theme critical 271:278 arg1 NOTCH3 261:266 NOTCH3 261:266 NOTCH3 261:266 We have found that NOTCH3, a critical regulator of mural cell differentiation and maturation, is expressed in hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs), suggesting that NOTCH3 may function in HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation and pathological vessel stabilization. 29093274 2 9 theme critical 271:278 arg1 regulator 280:288 a critical regulator 269:288 a critical regulator of mural cell differentiation and maturation 269:333 We have found that NOTCH3, a critical regulator of mural cell differentiation and maturation, is expressed in hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs), suggesting that NOTCH3 may function in HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation and pathological vessel stabilization. 29093274 5 10 theme vessel 987:992 arg1 caliber 994:1000 vessel caliber 987:1000 vessel caliber 987:1000 In a mouse model of IH, NOTCH3 knockdown or systemic expression of the NOTCH3 inhibitor, NOTCH3 Decoy, significantly decreased IH blood flow, vessel caliber, and αSMA+ perivascular cell coverage. 29093274 3 11 theme perivascular 559:570 arg1 HemSCs 572:577 NG2+PDGFRβ+ perivascular HemSCs 547:577 NG2+PDGFRβ+ perivascular HemSCs 547:577 Here, we demonstrate that NOTCH3 is expressed in NG2+PDGFRβ+ perivascular HemSCs and CD31+GLUT1+ hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs) in proliferating IHs and becomes mostly restricted to the αSMA+NG2loPDGFRβlo mural cells in involuting IHs. 29093274 6 12 theme IH 1151:1152 arg1 vessels 1154:1160 IH vessels 1151:1160 IH vessels 1151:1160 Thus, NOTCH3 is necessary for HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation, and adequate perivascular cell coverage of IH vessels is required for IH vessel stability. 29093274 1 13 theme Infantile 77:85 arg1 hemangioma 87:96 Infantile hemangioma 77:96 Infantile hemangioma (IH) 77:101 Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a vascular tumor that begins with rapid vascular proliferation shortly after birth, followed by vascular involution in early childhood. 29093274 1 13 theme Infantile 77:85 arg1 tumor 117:121 a vascular tumor 106:121 a vascular tumor that begins with rapid vascular proliferation shortly after birth, followed by vascular involution in early childhood 106:239 Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a vascular tumor that begins with rapid vascular proliferation shortly after birth, followed by vascular involution in early childhood. 29093274 1 13 theme Infantile 77:85 arg1 IH 99:100 IH 99:100 IH 99:100 Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a vascular tumor that begins with rapid vascular proliferation shortly after birth, followed by vascular involution in early childhood. 29093274 1 14 dep begins 128:133 arg1 followed 190:197 followed 190:197 followed by vascular involution in early childhood 190:239 Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a vascular tumor that begins with rapid vascular proliferation shortly after birth, followed by vascular involution in early childhood. 29093274 6 15 theme cell 1134:1137 arg1 coverage 1139:1146 adequate perivascular cell coverage 1112:1146 adequate perivascular cell coverage of IH vessels 1112:1160 Thus, NOTCH3 is necessary for HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation, and adequate perivascular cell coverage of IH vessels is required for IH vessel stability. 29093274 4 16 theme mural 787:791 arg1 differentiation 798:812 in vitro mural cell differentiation 778:812 in vitro mural cell differentiation 778:812 NOTCH3 knockdown in HemSCs inhibited in vitro mural cell differentiation and perturbed αSMA expression. 29093274 5 17 theme IH 865:866 arg1 model 856:860 a mouse model 848:860 a mouse model of IH 848:866 In a mouse model of IH, NOTCH3 knockdown or systemic expression of the NOTCH3 inhibitor, NOTCH3 Decoy, significantly decreased IH blood flow, vessel caliber, and αSMA+ perivascular cell coverage. 29093274 0 18 theme infantile 55:63 arg1 hemangioma 65:74 infantile hemangioma 55:74 infantile hemangioma 55:74 NOTCH3 regulates stem-to-mural cell differentiation in infantile hemangioma. 29093274 6 19 theme adequate 1112:1119 arg1 coverage 1139:1146 adequate perivascular cell coverage 1112:1146 adequate perivascular cell coverage of IH vessels 1112:1160 Thus, NOTCH3 is necessary for HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation, and adequate perivascular cell coverage of IH vessels is required for IH vessel stability. 29093274 5 20 theme NOTCH3 934:939 arg1 inhibitor 923:931 the NOTCH3 inhibitor 912:931 the NOTCH3 inhibitor 912:931 In a mouse model of IH, NOTCH3 knockdown or systemic expression of the NOTCH3 inhibitor, NOTCH3 Decoy, significantly decreased IH blood flow, vessel caliber, and αSMA+ perivascular cell coverage. 29093274 5 20 theme NOTCH3 934:939 arg1 Decoy 941:945 NOTCH3 Decoy 934:945 NOTCH3 Decoy 934:945 In a mouse model of IH, NOTCH3 knockdown or systemic expression of the NOTCH3 inhibitor, NOTCH3 Decoy, significantly decreased IH blood flow, vessel caliber, and αSMA+ perivascular cell coverage. 29093274 5 21 theme αSMA+ 1007:1011 arg1 coverage 1031:1038 αSMA+ perivascular cell coverage 1007:1038 αSMA+ perivascular cell coverage 1007:1038 In a mouse model of IH, NOTCH3 knockdown or systemic expression of the NOTCH3 inhibitor, NOTCH3 Decoy, significantly decreased IH blood flow, vessel caliber, and αSMA+ perivascular cell coverage. 29093274 3 22 theme involuting 725:734 arg1 IHs 736:738 involuting IHs 725:738 involuting IHs 725:738 Here, we demonstrate that NOTCH3 is expressed in NG2+PDGFRβ+ perivascular HemSCs and CD31+GLUT1+ hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs) in proliferating IHs and becomes mostly restricted to the αSMA+NG2loPDGFRβlo mural cells in involuting IHs. 29093274 2 23 theme cell 299:302 arg1 differentiation 304:318 mural cell differentiation 293:318 mural cell differentiation 293:318 We have found that NOTCH3, a critical regulator of mural cell differentiation and maturation, is expressed in hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs), suggesting that NOTCH3 may function in HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation and pathological vessel stabilization. 29093274 5 24 theme NOTCH3 869:874 arg1 knockdown 876:884 NOTCH3 knockdown 869:884 NOTCH3 knockdown 869:884 In a mouse model of IH, NOTCH3 knockdown or systemic expression of the NOTCH3 inhibitor, NOTCH3 Decoy, significantly decreased IH blood flow, vessel caliber, and αSMA+ perivascular cell coverage. 29093274 4 25 from knockdown 748:756 arg1 HemSCs 761:766 HemSCs 761:766 HemSCs 761:766 NOTCH3 knockdown in HemSCs inhibited in vitro mural cell differentiation and perturbed αSMA expression. 29093274 2 26 theme mural 293:297 arg1 differentiation 304:318 mural cell differentiation 293:318 mural cell differentiation 293:318 We have found that NOTCH3, a critical regulator of mural cell differentiation and maturation, is expressed in hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs), suggesting that NOTCH3 may function in HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation and pathological vessel stabilization. 29093274 4 27 theme in 778:779 arg1 differentiation 798:812 in vitro mural cell differentiation 778:812 in vitro mural cell differentiation 778:812 NOTCH3 knockdown in HemSCs inhibited in vitro mural cell differentiation and perturbed αSMA expression. 29093274 2 28 theme stem 363:366 arg1 HemSCs 375:380 HemSCs 375:380 HemSCs 375:380 We have found that NOTCH3, a critical regulator of mural cell differentiation and maturation, is expressed in hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs), suggesting that NOTCH3 may function in HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation and pathological vessel stabilization. 29093274 2 28 theme stem 363:366 arg1 cells 368:372 hemangioma stem cells 352:372 hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs) 352:381 We have found that NOTCH3, a critical regulator of mural cell differentiation and maturation, is expressed in hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs), suggesting that NOTCH3 may function in HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation and pathological vessel stabilization. 29093274 0 29 theme cell 31:34 arg1 differentiation 36:50 stem-to-mural cell differentiation 17:50 stem-to-mural cell differentiation 17:50 NOTCH3 regulates stem-to-mural cell differentiation in infantile hemangioma. 29093274 4 30 theme NOTCH3 741:746 arg1 knockdown 748:756 NOTCH3 knockdown 741:756 NOTCH3 knockdown in HemSCs 741:766 NOTCH3 knockdown in HemSCs inhibited in vitro mural cell differentiation and perturbed αSMA expression. 29093274 5 31 theme cell 1026:1029 arg1 coverage 1031:1038 αSMA+ perivascular cell coverage 1007:1038 αSMA+ perivascular cell coverage 1007:1038 In a mouse model of IH, NOTCH3 knockdown or systemic expression of the NOTCH3 inhibitor, NOTCH3 Decoy, significantly decreased IH blood flow, vessel caliber, and αSMA+ perivascular cell coverage. 29093274 0 32 theme stem-to-mural 17:29 arg1 differentiation 36:50 stem-to-mural cell differentiation 17:50 stem-to-mural cell differentiation 17:50 NOTCH3 regulates stem-to-mural cell differentiation in infantile hemangioma. 29093274 5 33 theme blood 975:979 arg1 flow 981:984 IH blood flow 972:984 IH blood flow 972:984 In a mouse model of IH, NOTCH3 knockdown or systemic expression of the NOTCH3 inhibitor, NOTCH3 Decoy, significantly decreased IH blood flow, vessel caliber, and αSMA+ perivascular cell coverage. 29093274 6 34 theme IH 1178:1179 arg1 stability 1188:1196 IH vessel stability 1178:1196 IH vessel stability 1178:1196 Thus, NOTCH3 is necessary for HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation, and adequate perivascular cell coverage of IH vessels is required for IH vessel stability. 29093274 3 35 theme NG2+PDGFRβ+ 547:557 arg1 HemSCs 572:577 NG2+PDGFRβ+ perivascular HemSCs 547:577 NG2+PDGFRβ+ perivascular HemSCs 547:577 Here, we demonstrate that NOTCH3 is expressed in NG2+PDGFRβ+ perivascular HemSCs and CD31+GLUT1+ hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs) in proliferating IHs and becomes mostly restricted to the αSMA+NG2loPDGFRβlo mural cells in involuting IHs. 29093274 5 36 theme mouse 850:854 arg1 model 856:860 a mouse model 848:860 a mouse model of IH 848:866 In a mouse model of IH, NOTCH3 knockdown or systemic expression of the NOTCH3 inhibitor, NOTCH3 Decoy, significantly decreased IH blood flow, vessel caliber, and αSMA+ perivascular cell coverage. 29093274 5 37 theme NOTCH3 916:921 arg1 inhibitor 923:931 the NOTCH3 inhibitor 912:931 the NOTCH3 inhibitor 912:931 In a mouse model of IH, NOTCH3 knockdown or systemic expression of the NOTCH3 inhibitor, NOTCH3 Decoy, significantly decreased IH blood flow, vessel caliber, and αSMA+ perivascular cell coverage. 29093274 5 37 theme NOTCH3 916:921 arg1 Decoy 941:945 NOTCH3 Decoy 934:945 NOTCH3 Decoy 934:945 In a mouse model of IH, NOTCH3 knockdown or systemic expression of the NOTCH3 inhibitor, NOTCH3 Decoy, significantly decreased IH blood flow, vessel caliber, and αSMA+ perivascular cell coverage. 29093274 6 38 theme perivascular 1121:1132 arg1 coverage 1139:1146 adequate perivascular cell coverage 1112:1146 adequate perivascular cell coverage of IH vessels 1112:1160 Thus, NOTCH3 is necessary for HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation, and adequate perivascular cell coverage of IH vessels is required for IH vessel stability. 29093274 3 39 theme hemangioma 595:604 arg1 HemECs 625:630 HemECs 625:630 HemECs 625:630 Here, we demonstrate that NOTCH3 is expressed in NG2+PDGFRβ+ perivascular HemSCs and CD31+GLUT1+ hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs) in proliferating IHs and becomes mostly restricted to the αSMA+NG2loPDGFRβlo mural cells in involuting IHs. 29093274 3 39 theme hemangioma 595:604 arg1 cells 618:622 CD31+GLUT1+ hemangioma endothelial cells 583:622 CD31+GLUT1+ hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs) 583:631 Here, we demonstrate that NOTCH3 is expressed in NG2+PDGFRβ+ perivascular HemSCs and CD31+GLUT1+ hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs) in proliferating IHs and becomes mostly restricted to the αSMA+NG2loPDGFRβlo mural cells in involuting IHs. 29093274 1 40 theme vascular 202:209 arg1 involution 211:220 vascular involution 202:220 vascular involution in early childhood 202:239 Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a vascular tumor that begins with rapid vascular proliferation shortly after birth, followed by vascular involution in early childhood. 29093274 3 41 theme endothelial 606:616 arg1 HemECs 625:630 HemECs 625:630 HemECs 625:630 Here, we demonstrate that NOTCH3 is expressed in NG2+PDGFRβ+ perivascular HemSCs and CD31+GLUT1+ hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs) in proliferating IHs and becomes mostly restricted to the αSMA+NG2loPDGFRβlo mural cells in involuting IHs. 29093274 3 41 theme endothelial 606:616 arg1 cells 618:622 CD31+GLUT1+ hemangioma endothelial cells 583:622 CD31+GLUT1+ hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs) 583:631 Here, we demonstrate that NOTCH3 is expressed in NG2+PDGFRβ+ perivascular HemSCs and CD31+GLUT1+ hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs) in proliferating IHs and becomes mostly restricted to the αSMA+NG2loPDGFRβlo mural cells in involuting IHs. 29093274 2 42 theme cell 438:441 arg1 differentiation 443:457 HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation 423:457 HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation 423:457 We have found that NOTCH3, a critical regulator of mural cell differentiation and maturation, is expressed in hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs), suggesting that NOTCH3 may function in HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation and pathological vessel stabilization. 29093274 3 43 theme proliferating 636:648 arg1 IHs 650:652 proliferating IHs 636:652 proliferating IHs 636:652 Here, we demonstrate that NOTCH3 is expressed in NG2+PDGFRβ+ perivascular HemSCs and CD31+GLUT1+ hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs) in proliferating IHs and becomes mostly restricted to the αSMA+NG2loPDGFRβlo mural cells in involuting IHs. 29093274 5 44 theme IH 972:973 arg1 flow 981:984 IH blood flow 972:984 IH blood flow 972:984 In a mouse model of IH, NOTCH3 knockdown or systemic expression of the NOTCH3 inhibitor, NOTCH3 Decoy, significantly decreased IH blood flow, vessel caliber, and αSMA+ perivascular cell coverage. 29093274 1 45 from involution 211:220 arg1 childhood 231:239 early childhood 225:239 early childhood 225:239 Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a vascular tumor that begins with rapid vascular proliferation shortly after birth, followed by vascular involution in early childhood. 29093274 1 46 theme vascular 108:115 arg1 hemangioma 87:96 Infantile hemangioma 77:96 Infantile hemangioma (IH) 77:101 Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a vascular tumor that begins with rapid vascular proliferation shortly after birth, followed by vascular involution in early childhood. 29093274 1 46 theme vascular 108:115 arg1 tumor 117:121 a vascular tumor 106:121 a vascular tumor that begins with rapid vascular proliferation shortly after birth, followed by vascular involution in early childhood 106:239 Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a vascular tumor that begins with rapid vascular proliferation shortly after birth, followed by vascular involution in early childhood. 29093274 2 47 theme HemSC-to-mural 423:436 arg1 differentiation 443:457 HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation 423:457 HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation 423:457 We have found that NOTCH3, a critical regulator of mural cell differentiation and maturation, is expressed in hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs), suggesting that NOTCH3 may function in HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation and pathological vessel stabilization. 29093274 3 48 theme CD31+GLUT1+ 583:593 arg1 HemECs 625:630 HemECs 625:630 HemECs 625:630 Here, we demonstrate that NOTCH3 is expressed in NG2+PDGFRβ+ perivascular HemSCs and CD31+GLUT1+ hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs) in proliferating IHs and becomes mostly restricted to the αSMA+NG2loPDGFRβlo mural cells in involuting IHs. 29093274 3 48 theme CD31+GLUT1+ 583:593 arg1 cells 618:622 CD31+GLUT1+ hemangioma endothelial cells 583:622 CD31+GLUT1+ hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs) 583:631 Here, we demonstrate that NOTCH3 is expressed in NG2+PDGFRβ+ perivascular HemSCs and CD31+GLUT1+ hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs) in proliferating IHs and becomes mostly restricted to the αSMA+NG2loPDGFRβlo mural cells in involuting IHs. 29093274 2 49 theme maturation 324:333 arg1 NOTCH3 261:266 NOTCH3 261:266 NOTCH3 261:266 We have found that NOTCH3, a critical regulator of mural cell differentiation and maturation, is expressed in hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs), suggesting that NOTCH3 may function in HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation and pathological vessel stabilization. 29093274 2 49 theme maturation 324:333 arg1 regulator 280:288 a critical regulator 269:288 a critical regulator of mural cell differentiation and maturation 269:333 We have found that NOTCH3, a critical regulator of mural cell differentiation and maturation, is expressed in hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs), suggesting that NOTCH3 may function in HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation and pathological vessel stabilization. 29093274 4 50 theme αSMA 828:831 arg1 expression 833:842 perturbed αSMA expression 818:842 perturbed αSMA expression 818:842 NOTCH3 knockdown in HemSCs inhibited in vitro mural cell differentiation and perturbed αSMA expression. 29093274 5 51 theme inhibitor 923:931 arg1 expression 898:907 systemic expression 889:907 systemic expression 889:907 In a mouse model of IH, NOTCH3 knockdown or systemic expression of the NOTCH3 inhibitor, NOTCH3 Decoy, significantly decreased IH blood flow, vessel caliber, and αSMA+ perivascular cell coverage. 29093274 5 51 theme inhibitor 923:931 arg1 knockdown 876:884 NOTCH3 knockdown 869:884 NOTCH3 knockdown 869:884 In a mouse model of IH, NOTCH3 knockdown or systemic expression of the NOTCH3 inhibitor, NOTCH3 Decoy, significantly decreased IH blood flow, vessel caliber, and αSMA+ perivascular cell coverage. 29093274 4 52 theme cell 793:796 arg1 differentiation 798:812 in vitro mural cell differentiation 778:812 in vitro mural cell differentiation 778:812 NOTCH3 knockdown in HemSCs inhibited in vitro mural cell differentiation and perturbed αSMA expression. 29093274 2 53 theme differentiation 304:318 arg1 NOTCH3 261:266 NOTCH3 261:266 NOTCH3 261:266 We have found that NOTCH3, a critical regulator of mural cell differentiation and maturation, is expressed in hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs), suggesting that NOTCH3 may function in HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation and pathological vessel stabilization. 29093274 2 53 theme differentiation 304:318 arg1 regulator 280:288 a critical regulator 269:288 a critical regulator of mural cell differentiation and maturation 269:333 We have found that NOTCH3, a critical regulator of mural cell differentiation and maturation, is expressed in hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs), suggesting that NOTCH3 may function in HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation and pathological vessel stabilization. 29093274 1 54 theme early 225:229 arg1 childhood 231:239 early childhood 225:239 early childhood 225:239 Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a vascular tumor that begins with rapid vascular proliferation shortly after birth, followed by vascular involution in early childhood. 29093274 5 55 theme systemic 889:896 arg1 expression 898:907 systemic expression 889:907 systemic expression 889:907 In a mouse model of IH, NOTCH3 knockdown or systemic expression of the NOTCH3 inhibitor, NOTCH3 Decoy, significantly decreased IH blood flow, vessel caliber, and αSMA+ perivascular cell coverage. 29093274 4 56 theme perturbed 818:826 arg1 expression 833:842 perturbed αSMA expression 818:842 perturbed αSMA expression 818:842 NOTCH3 knockdown in HemSCs inhibited in vitro mural cell differentiation and perturbed αSMA expression. 29093274 2 57 theme hemangioma 352:361 arg1 HemSCs 375:380 HemSCs 375:380 HemSCs 375:380 We have found that NOTCH3, a critical regulator of mural cell differentiation and maturation, is expressed in hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs), suggesting that NOTCH3 may function in HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation and pathological vessel stabilization. 29093274 2 57 theme hemangioma 352:361 arg1 cells 368:372 hemangioma stem cells 352:372 hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs) 352:381 We have found that NOTCH3, a critical regulator of mural cell differentiation and maturation, is expressed in hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs), suggesting that NOTCH3 may function in HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation and pathological vessel stabilization. 29093274 4 58 dep in 778:779 arg1 vitro 781:785 vitro 781:785 vitro 781:785 NOTCH3 knockdown in HemSCs inhibited in vitro mural cell differentiation and perturbed αSMA expression. 29093274 3 59 theme mural 710:714 arg1 cells 716:720 the αSMA+NG2loPDGFRβlo mural cells 687:720 the αSMA+NG2loPDGFRβlo mural cells in involuting IHs 687:738 Here, we demonstrate that NOTCH3 is expressed in NG2+PDGFRβ+ perivascular HemSCs and CD31+GLUT1+ hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs) in proliferating IHs and becomes mostly restricted to the αSMA+NG2loPDGFRβlo mural cells in involuting IHs. 29093274 6 60 theme vessel 1181:1186 arg1 stability 1188:1196 IH vessel stability 1178:1196 IH vessel stability 1178:1196 Thus, NOTCH3 is necessary for HemSC-to-mural cell differentiation, and adequate perivascular cell coverage of IH vessels is required for IH vessel stability. 29093274 1 61 theme rapid 140:144 arg1 proliferation 155:167 rapid vascular proliferation 140:167 rapid vascular proliferation 140:167 Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a vascular tumor that begins with rapid vascular proliferation shortly after birth, followed by vascular involution in early childhood. 26381854 6 0 theme germination 879:889 arg1 rates 891:895 germination rates 879:895 germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively 879:924 Seed encapsulation with free urease (FU) and humic-urease complex (HUC) resulted in a urease activity retention in the coating layer of 46% and 24%, and in germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively. 26381854 7 1 theme pot 933:935 arg1 conditions 945:954 pot culture conditions 933:954 pot culture conditions 933:954 Under pot culture conditions, the pots planted with seeds encapsulated with FU and HUC showed higher ammonium N (NH4 (+) -N) (26% and 64%, respectively) than the control soil at 28 days after planting (DAP). 26381854 7 2 theme higher 1021:1026 arg1 N 1037:1037 higher ammonium N 1021:1037 higher ammonium N (NH4 (+) -N) (26% and 64%, respectively) 1021:1078 Under pot culture conditions, the pots planted with seeds encapsulated with FU and HUC showed higher ammonium N (NH4 (+) -N) (26% and 64%, respectively) than the control soil at 28 days after planting (DAP). 26381854 5 3 theme urease 677:682 arg1 stability 664:672 Soil stability 659:672 Soil stability of urease 659:682 Soil stability of urease was enhanced after the immobilization. 26381854 2 4 theme seed 326:329 arg1 encapsulation 331:343 Barley seed encapsulation 319:343 Barley seed encapsulation in calcium alginate gels containing free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N 319:445 Barley seed encapsulation in calcium alginate gels containing free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N was investigated. 26381854 4 5 theme face-centered 544:556 arg1 design 558:563 A central composite face-centered design 524:563 A central composite face-centered design 524:563 A central composite face-centered design was applied to optimize the immobilization process, reaching an immobilization yield of 127%. 26381854 8 6 theme N 1198:1198 arg1 % 1209:1209 the N uptake 83% 1194:1209 the N uptake 83% 1194:1209 Moreover, the seed encapsulation with FU and HUC increased the N uptake 83% and 97%, respectively, at 35 DAP. 26381854 9 7 theme enhancing 1321:1329 arg1 nutrition 1339:1347 enhancing plant N nutrition 1321:1347 enhancing plant N nutrition in the early stages of seedling establishment 1321:1393 CONCLUSION Seed encapsulation with urease could substantially contribute to enhancing plant N nutrition in the early stages of seedling establishment. 26381854 6 8 theme % 902:902 arg1 rates 891:895 germination rates 879:895 germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively 879:924 Seed encapsulation with free urease (FU) and humic-urease complex (HUC) resulted in a urease activity retention in the coating layer of 46% and 24%, and in germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively. 26381854 6 9 theme humic-urease 768:779 arg1 HUC 790:792 HUC 790:792 HUC 790:792 Seed encapsulation with free urease (FU) and humic-urease complex (HUC) resulted in a urease activity retention in the coating layer of 46% and 24%, and in germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively. 26381854 6 9 theme humic-urease 768:779 arg1 complex 781:787 humic-urease complex 768:787 humic-urease complex (HUC) 768:793 Seed encapsulation with free urease (FU) and humic-urease complex (HUC) resulted in a urease activity retention in the coating layer of 46% and 24%, and in germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively. 26381854 9 10 theme establishment 1381:1393 arg1 stages 1362:1367 the early stages 1352:1367 the early stages of seedling establishment 1352:1393 CONCLUSION Seed encapsulation with urease could substantially contribute to enhancing plant N nutrition in the early stages of seedling establishment. 26381854 3 11 theme RESULTS 465:471 arg1 Urease 473:478 RESULTS Urease 465:478 RESULTS Urease 465:478 RESULTS Urease was immobilized with soil humic acids (HA). 26381854 6 12 theme coating 842:848 arg1 layer 850:854 the coating layer 838:854 the coating layer of 46% and 24% 838:869 Seed encapsulation with free urease (FU) and humic-urease complex (HUC) resulted in a urease activity retention in the coating layer of 46% and 24%, and in germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively. 26381854 8 13 theme seed 1149:1152 arg1 encapsulation 1154:1166 the seed encapsulation 1145:1166 the seed encapsulation with FU and HUC 1145:1182 Moreover, the seed encapsulation with FU and HUC increased the N uptake 83% and 97%, respectively, at 35 DAP. 26381854 10 14 theme Chemical 1414:1421 arg1 Industry 1423:1430 Chemical Industry 1414:1430 Chemical Industry 1414:1430 © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry. 26381854 2 15 theme free 381:384 arg1 urease 401:406 free or immobilized urease 381:406 free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N 381:445 Barley seed encapsulation in calcium alginate gels containing free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N was investigated. 26381854 0 16 theme humic-urease 43:54 arg1 complex 56:62 a stable humic-urease complex 34:62 a stable humic-urease complex 34:62 Synthesis and characterization of a stable humic-urease complex: application to barley seed encapsulation for improving N uptake. 26381854 9 17 with encapsulation 1261:1273 arg1 urease 1280:1285 urease 1280:1285 urease 1280:1285 CONCLUSION Seed encapsulation with urease could substantially contribute to enhancing plant N nutrition in the early stages of seedling establishment. 26381854 2 18 from encapsulation 331:343 arg1 gels 365:368 calcium alginate gels 348:368 calcium alginate gels containing free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N 348:445 Barley seed encapsulation in calcium alginate gels containing free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N was investigated. 26381854 9 19 theme plant 1331:1335 arg1 nutrition 1339:1347 enhancing plant N nutrition 1321:1347 enhancing plant N nutrition in the early stages of seedling establishment 1321:1393 CONCLUSION Seed encapsulation with urease could substantially contribute to enhancing plant N nutrition in the early stages of seedling establishment. 26381854 4 20 theme immobilization 629:642 arg1 yield 644:648 an immobilization yield 626:648 an immobilization yield of 127% 626:656 A central composite face-centered design was applied to optimize the immobilization process, reaching an immobilization yield of 127%. 26381854 3 21 theme humic 506:510 arg1 HA 519:520 HA 519:520 HA 519:520 RESULTS Urease was immobilized with soil humic acids (HA). 26381854 3 21 theme humic 506:510 arg1 acids 512:516 soil humic acids 501:516 soil humic acids (HA) 501:521 RESULTS Urease was immobilized with soil humic acids (HA). 26381854 7 22 dep N 1037:1037 arg1 -N 1048:1049 NH4 (+) -N 1040:1049 -N 1048:1049 Under pot culture conditions, the pots planted with seeds encapsulated with FU and HUC showed higher ammonium N (NH4 (+) -N) (26% and 64%, respectively) than the control soil at 28 days after planting (DAP). 26381854 7 22 dep N 1037:1037 arg1 % 1055:1055 26% 1053:1055 26% 1053:1055 Under pot culture conditions, the pots planted with seeds encapsulated with FU and HUC showed higher ammonium N (NH4 (+) -N) (26% and 64%, respectively) than the control soil at 28 days after planting (DAP). 26381854 7 22 dep N 1037:1037 arg1 NH4 1040:1042 NH4 (+) -N 1040:1049 NH4 1040:1042 Under pot culture conditions, the pots planted with seeds encapsulated with FU and HUC showed higher ammonium N (NH4 (+) -N) (26% and 64%, respectively) than the control soil at 28 days after planting (DAP). 26381854 7 22 dep N 1037:1037 arg1 % 1063:1063 64% 1061:1063 64% 1061:1063 Under pot culture conditions, the pots planted with seeds encapsulated with FU and HUC showed higher ammonium N (NH4 (+) -N) (26% and 64%, respectively) than the control soil at 28 days after planting (DAP). 26381854 9 23 theme N 1337:1337 arg1 nutrition 1339:1347 enhancing plant N nutrition 1321:1347 enhancing plant N nutrition in the early stages of seedling establishment 1321:1393 CONCLUSION Seed encapsulation with urease could substantially contribute to enhancing plant N nutrition in the early stages of seedling establishment. 26381854 7 24 theme control 1089:1095 arg1 soil 1097:1100 the control soil 1085:1100 the control soil 1085:1100 Under pot culture conditions, the pots planted with seeds encapsulated with FU and HUC showed higher ammonium N (NH4 (+) -N) (26% and 64%, respectively) than the control soil at 28 days after planting (DAP). 26381854 9 25 theme CONCLUSION 1245:1254 arg1 encapsulation 1261:1273 CONCLUSION Seed encapsulation 1245:1273 CONCLUSION Seed encapsulation with urease 1245:1285 CONCLUSION Seed encapsulation with urease could substantially contribute to enhancing plant N nutrition in the early stages of seedling establishment. 26381854 2 26 theme alginate 356:363 arg1 gels 365:368 calcium alginate gels 348:368 calcium alginate gels containing free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N 348:445 Barley seed encapsulation in calcium alginate gels containing free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N was investigated. 26381854 2 27 theme plant 419:423 arg1 utilization 425:435 plant utilization 419:435 plant utilization of soil N 419:445 Barley seed encapsulation in calcium alginate gels containing free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N was investigated. 26381854 4 28 theme composite 534:542 arg1 design 558:563 A central composite face-centered design 524:563 A central composite face-centered design 524:563 A central composite face-centered design was applied to optimize the immobilization process, reaching an immobilization yield of 127%. 26381854 0 29 theme N 120:120 arg1 uptake 122:127 N uptake 120:127 N uptake 120:127 Synthesis and characterization of a stable humic-urease complex: application to barley seed encapsulation for improving N uptake. 26381854 6 30 theme % 861:861 arg1 layer 850:854 the coating layer 838:854 the coating layer of 46% and 24% 838:869 Seed encapsulation with free urease (FU) and humic-urease complex (HUC) resulted in a urease activity retention in the coating layer of 46% and 24%, and in germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively. 26381854 3 31 theme soil 501:504 arg1 HA 519:520 HA 519:520 HA 519:520 RESULTS Urease was immobilized with soil humic acids (HA). 26381854 3 31 theme soil 501:504 arg1 acids 512:516 soil humic acids 501:516 soil humic acids (HA) 501:521 RESULTS Urease was immobilized with soil humic acids (HA). 26381854 0 32 theme stable 36:41 arg1 complex 56:62 a stable humic-urease complex 34:62 a stable humic-urease complex 34:62 Synthesis and characterization of a stable humic-urease complex: application to barley seed encapsulation for improving N uptake. 26381854 4 33 theme central 526:532 arg1 design 558:563 A central composite face-centered design 524:563 A central composite face-centered design 524:563 A central composite face-centered design was applied to optimize the immobilization process, reaching an immobilization yield of 127%. 26381854 6 34 theme activity 816:823 arg1 retention 825:833 a urease activity retention 807:833 a urease activity retention in the coating layer of 46% and 24% 807:869 Seed encapsulation with free urease (FU) and humic-urease complex (HUC) resulted in a urease activity retention in the coating layer of 46% and 24%, and in germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively. 26381854 9 35 theme early 1356:1360 arg1 stages 1362:1367 the early stages 1352:1367 the early stages of seedling establishment 1352:1393 CONCLUSION Seed encapsulation with urease could substantially contribute to enhancing plant N nutrition in the early stages of seedling establishment. 26381854 2 36 theme immobilized 389:399 arg1 urease 401:406 free or immobilized urease 381:406 free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N 381:445 Barley seed encapsulation in calcium alginate gels containing free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N was investigated. 26381854 2 37 contain containing 370:379 arg2 urease 401:406 free or immobilized urease 381:406 free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N 381:445 Barley seed encapsulation in calcium alginate gels containing free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N was investigated. 26381854 2 37 contain containing 370:379 arg1 gels 365:368 calcium alginate gels 348:368 calcium alginate gels containing free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N 348:445 Barley seed encapsulation in calcium alginate gels containing free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N was investigated. 26381854 6 38 from retention 825:833 arg1 layer 850:854 the coating layer 838:854 the coating layer of 46% and 24% 838:869 Seed encapsulation with free urease (FU) and humic-urease complex (HUC) resulted in a urease activity retention in the coating layer of 46% and 24%, and in germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively. 26381854 6 39 theme free 747:750 arg1 FU 760:761 FU 760:761 FU 760:761 Seed encapsulation with free urease (FU) and humic-urease complex (HUC) resulted in a urease activity retention in the coating layer of 46% and 24%, and in germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively. 26381854 6 39 theme free 747:750 arg1 urease 752:757 free urease 747:757 free urease (FU) 747:762 Seed encapsulation with free urease (FU) and humic-urease complex (HUC) resulted in a urease activity retention in the coating layer of 46% and 24%, and in germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively. 26381854 0 40 theme complex 56:62 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Synthesis and characterization of a stable humic-urease complex: application to barley seed encapsulation for improving N uptake. 26381854 0 40 theme complex 56:62 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis and characterization of a stable humic-urease complex: application to barley seed encapsulation for improving N uptake. 26381854 1 41 theme environmental 274:286 arg1 pollution 288:296 environmental pollution 274:296 environmental pollution 274:296 BACKGROUND Most N fertilizers added to soil are not efficiently used by plants and are lost to the atmosphere or leached from the soil, causing environmental pollution and increasing cost. 26381854 7 42 theme culture 937:943 arg1 conditions 945:954 pot culture conditions 933:954 pot culture conditions 933:954 Under pot culture conditions, the pots planted with seeds encapsulated with FU and HUC showed higher ammonium N (NH4 (+) -N) (26% and 64%, respectively) than the control soil at 28 days after planting (DAP). 26381854 1 43 used used 194:197 arg2 fertilizers 148:158 BACKGROUND Most N fertilizers 130:158 BACKGROUND Most N fertilizers added to soil 130:172 BACKGROUND Most N fertilizers added to soil are not efficiently used by plants and are lost to the atmosphere or leached from the soil, causing environmental pollution and increasing cost. 26381854 2 44 theme Barley 319:324 arg1 encapsulation 331:343 Barley seed encapsulation 319:343 Barley seed encapsulation in calcium alginate gels containing free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N 319:445 Barley seed encapsulation in calcium alginate gels containing free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N was investigated. 26381854 2 45 theme soil 440:443 arg1 N 445:445 soil N 440:445 soil N 440:445 Barley seed encapsulation in calcium alginate gels containing free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N was investigated. 26381854 6 46 theme % 869:869 arg1 layer 850:854 the coating layer 838:854 the coating layer of 46% and 24% 838:869 Seed encapsulation with free urease (FU) and humic-urease complex (HUC) resulted in a urease activity retention in the coating layer of 46% and 24%, and in germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively. 26381854 9 47 theme seedling 1372:1379 arg1 establishment 1381:1393 seedling establishment 1372:1393 seedling establishment 1372:1393 CONCLUSION Seed encapsulation with urease could substantially contribute to enhancing plant N nutrition in the early stages of seedling establishment. 26381854 6 48 theme urease 809:814 arg1 retention 825:833 a urease activity retention 807:833 a urease activity retention in the coating layer of 46% and 24% 807:869 Seed encapsulation with free urease (FU) and humic-urease complex (HUC) resulted in a urease activity retention in the coating layer of 46% and 24%, and in germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively. 26381854 5 49 theme Soil 659:662 arg1 stability 664:672 Soil stability 659:672 Soil stability of urease 659:682 Soil stability of urease was enhanced after the immobilization. 26381854 1 50 theme Most 141:144 arg1 fertilizers 148:158 BACKGROUND Most N fertilizers 130:158 BACKGROUND Most N fertilizers added to soil 130:172 BACKGROUND Most N fertilizers added to soil are not efficiently used by plants and are lost to the atmosphere or leached from the soil, causing environmental pollution and increasing cost. 26381854 7 51 theme ammonium 1028:1035 arg1 N 1037:1037 higher ammonium N 1021:1037 higher ammonium N (NH4 (+) -N) (26% and 64%, respectively) 1021:1078 Under pot culture conditions, the pots planted with seeds encapsulated with FU and HUC showed higher ammonium N (NH4 (+) -N) (26% and 64%, respectively) than the control soil at 28 days after planting (DAP). 26381854 4 52 theme % 656:656 arg1 yield 644:648 an immobilization yield 626:648 an immobilization yield of 127% 626:656 A central composite face-centered design was applied to optimize the immobilization process, reaching an immobilization yield of 127%. 26381854 9 53 theme Seed 1256:1259 arg1 encapsulation 1261:1273 CONCLUSION Seed encapsulation 1245:1273 CONCLUSION Seed encapsulation with urease 1245:1285 CONCLUSION Seed encapsulation with urease could substantially contribute to enhancing plant N nutrition in the early stages of seedling establishment. 26381854 6 54 theme Seed 723:726 arg1 encapsulation 728:740 Seed encapsulation 723:740 Seed encapsulation with free urease (FU) and humic-urease complex (HUC) 723:793 Seed encapsulation with free urease (FU) and humic-urease complex (HUC) resulted in a urease activity retention in the coating layer of 46% and 24%, and in germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively. 26381854 8 55 with encapsulation 1154:1166 arg1 HUC 1180:1182 HUC 1180:1182 HUC 1180:1182 Moreover, the seed encapsulation with FU and HUC increased the N uptake 83% and 97%, respectively, at 35 DAP. 26381854 8 55 with encapsulation 1154:1166 arg1 FU 1173:1174 FU 1173:1174 FU 1173:1174 Moreover, the seed encapsulation with FU and HUC increased the N uptake 83% and 97%, respectively, at 35 DAP. 26381854 8 56 theme uptake 1200:1205 arg1 % 1209:1209 the N uptake 83% 1194:1209 the N uptake 83% 1194:1209 Moreover, the seed encapsulation with FU and HUC increased the N uptake 83% and 97%, respectively, at 35 DAP. 26381854 1 57 theme BACKGROUND 130:139 arg1 fertilizers 148:158 BACKGROUND Most N fertilizers 130:158 BACKGROUND Most N fertilizers added to soil 130:172 BACKGROUND Most N fertilizers added to soil are not efficiently used by plants and are lost to the atmosphere or leached from the soil, causing environmental pollution and increasing cost. 26381854 6 58 with encapsulation 728:740 arg1 FU 760:761 FU 760:761 FU 760:761 Seed encapsulation with free urease (FU) and humic-urease complex (HUC) resulted in a urease activity retention in the coating layer of 46% and 24%, and in germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively. 26381854 6 58 with encapsulation 728:740 arg1 urease 752:757 free urease 747:757 free urease (FU) 747:762 Seed encapsulation with free urease (FU) and humic-urease complex (HUC) resulted in a urease activity retention in the coating layer of 46% and 24%, and in germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively. 26381854 6 58 with encapsulation 728:740 arg1 complex 781:787 humic-urease complex 768:787 humic-urease complex (HUC) 768:793 Seed encapsulation with free urease (FU) and humic-urease complex (HUC) resulted in a urease activity retention in the coating layer of 46% and 24%, and in germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively. 26381854 6 58 with encapsulation 728:740 arg1 HUC 790:792 HUC 790:792 HUC 790:792 Seed encapsulation with free urease (FU) and humic-urease complex (HUC) resulted in a urease activity retention in the coating layer of 46% and 24%, and in germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively. 26381854 2 59 theme calcium 348:354 arg1 gels 365:368 calcium alginate gels 348:368 calcium alginate gels containing free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N 348:445 Barley seed encapsulation in calcium alginate gels containing free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N was investigated. 26381854 9 60 from nutrition 1339:1347 arg1 stages 1362:1367 the early stages 1352:1367 the early stages of seedling establishment 1352:1393 CONCLUSION Seed encapsulation with urease could substantially contribute to enhancing plant N nutrition in the early stages of seedling establishment. 26381854 4 61 theme immobilization 593:606 arg1 process 608:614 the immobilization process 589:614 the immobilization process 589:614 A central composite face-centered design was applied to optimize the immobilization process, reaching an immobilization yield of 127%. 26381854 2 62 theme N 445:445 arg1 utilization 425:435 plant utilization 419:435 plant utilization of soil N 419:445 Barley seed encapsulation in calcium alginate gels containing free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N was investigated. 26381854 1 63 theme N 146:146 arg1 fertilizers 148:158 BACKGROUND Most N fertilizers 130:158 BACKGROUND Most N fertilizers added to soil 130:172 BACKGROUND Most N fertilizers added to soil are not efficiently used by plants and are lost to the atmosphere or leached from the soil, causing environmental pollution and increasing cost. 26381854 6 64 theme % 910:910 arg1 rates 891:895 germination rates 879:895 germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively 879:924 Seed encapsulation with free urease (FU) and humic-urease complex (HUC) resulted in a urease activity retention in the coating layer of 46% and 24%, and in germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively. 28700956 3 0 theme chemical 687:694 arg1 flocculants 696:706 chemical flocculants 687:706 chemical flocculants 687:706 The bioflocculant showed good performances in sludge dewatering, after conditioned by this bioflocculant, dry solids (DS) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of typical wastewater activated sludge reached 19.3% and 4.8 × 1012 m kg-1, respectively, which were much better than the ones obtained with chemical flocculants. 28700956 1 1 theme bioflocculant 146:158 arg1 production 130:139 the production 126:139 the production of a bioflocculant 126:158 This study investigated the production of a bioflocculant by using rice stover and its potential in sludge dewatering. 28700956 3 2 from performances 410:421 arg1 dewatering 433:442 sludge dewatering 426:442 sludge dewatering 426:442 The bioflocculant showed good performances in sludge dewatering, after conditioned by this bioflocculant, dry solids (DS) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of typical wastewater activated sludge reached 19.3% and 4.8 × 1012 m kg-1, respectively, which were much better than the ones obtained with chemical flocculants. 28700956 2 3 theme main 346:349 arg1 backbone 351:358 main backbone 346:358 main backbone of polysaccharides 346:377 Production of the bioflocculant was positively associated with cell growth and highest value of 2.37 g L-1 was obtained with main backbone of polysaccharides. 28700956 2 4 theme cell 284:287 arg1 growth 289:294 cell growth 284:294 cell growth 284:294 Production of the bioflocculant was positively associated with cell growth and highest value of 2.37 g L-1 was obtained with main backbone of polysaccharides. 28700956 4 5 theme Sludge 709:714 arg1 dewatering 716:725 Sludge dewatering 709:725 Sludge dewatering 709:725 Sludge dewatering was further improved when the bioflocculant and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and the optimized conditioning process by the composite was bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1, PAC of 19.4 g kg-1, and pH of 8.1. 28700956 4 6 theme polyaluminum 775:786 arg1 chloride 788:795 polyaluminum chloride 775:795 polyaluminum chloride 775:795 Sludge dewatering was further improved when the bioflocculant and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and the optimized conditioning process by the composite was bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1, PAC of 19.4 g kg-1, and pH of 8.1. 28700956 1 7 theme rice 169:172 arg1 stover 174:179 rice stover 169:179 rice stover 169:179 This study investigated the production of a bioflocculant by using rice stover and its potential in sludge dewatering. 28700956 4 8 theme conditioning 847:858 arg1 bioflocculant 889:901 bioflocculant 889:901 bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1 889:916 Sludge dewatering was further improved when the bioflocculant and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and the optimized conditioning process by the composite was bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1, PAC of 19.4 g kg-1, and pH of 8.1. 28700956 4 8 theme conditioning 847:858 arg1 process 860:866 the optimized conditioning process 833:866 the optimized conditioning process by the composite 833:883 Sludge dewatering was further improved when the bioflocculant and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and the optimized conditioning process by the composite was bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1, PAC of 19.4 g kg-1, and pH of 8.1. 28700956 3 9 theme typical 549:555 arg1 sludge 578:583 typical wastewater activated sludge 549:583 typical wastewater activated sludge 549:583 The bioflocculant showed good performances in sludge dewatering, after conditioned by this bioflocculant, dry solids (DS) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of typical wastewater activated sludge reached 19.3% and 4.8 × 1012 m kg-1, respectively, which were much better than the ones obtained with chemical flocculants. 28700956 4 10 used used 808:811 arg2 chloride 788:795 polyaluminum chloride 775:795 polyaluminum chloride 775:795 Sludge dewatering was further improved when the bioflocculant and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and the optimized conditioning process by the composite was bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1, PAC of 19.4 g kg-1, and pH of 8.1. 28700956 4 10 used used 808:811 arg2 bioflocculant 757:769 bioflocculant 757:769 bioflocculant 757:769 Sludge dewatering was further improved when the bioflocculant and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and the optimized conditioning process by the composite was bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1, PAC of 19.4 g kg-1, and pH of 8.1. 28700956 4 10 used used 808:811 arg2 PAC 798:800 PAC 798:800 PAC 798:800 Sludge dewatering was further improved when the bioflocculant and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and the optimized conditioning process by the composite was bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1, PAC of 19.4 g kg-1, and pH of 8.1. 28700956 0 11 theme Sludge 0:5 arg1 conditioning 7:18 Sludge conditioning 0:18 Sludge conditioning 0:18 Sludge conditioning using the composite of a bioflocculant and PAC for enhancement in dewaterability. 28700956 4 12 theme optimized 837:845 arg1 bioflocculant 889:901 bioflocculant 889:901 bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1 889:916 Sludge dewatering was further improved when the bioflocculant and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and the optimized conditioning process by the composite was bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1, PAC of 19.4 g kg-1, and pH of 8.1. 28700956 4 12 theme optimized 837:845 arg1 process 860:866 the optimized conditioning process 833:866 the optimized conditioning process by the composite 833:883 Sludge dewatering was further improved when the bioflocculant and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and the optimized conditioning process by the composite was bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1, PAC of 19.4 g kg-1, and pH of 8.1. 28700956 3 13 theme wastewater 557:566 arg1 sludge 578:583 typical wastewater activated sludge 549:583 typical wastewater activated sludge 549:583 The bioflocculant showed good performances in sludge dewatering, after conditioned by this bioflocculant, dry solids (DS) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of typical wastewater activated sludge reached 19.3% and 4.8 × 1012 m kg-1, respectively, which were much better than the ones obtained with chemical flocculants. 28700956 3 14 dep bioflocculant 471:483 arg1 dry 486:488 dry 486:488 dry 486:488 The bioflocculant showed good performances in sludge dewatering, after conditioned by this bioflocculant, dry solids (DS) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of typical wastewater activated sludge reached 19.3% and 4.8 × 1012 m kg-1, respectively, which were much better than the ones obtained with chemical flocculants. 28700956 2 15 theme highest 300:306 arg1 value 308:312 highest value 300:312 highest value of 2.37 g L-1 300:326 Production of the bioflocculant was positively associated with cell growth and highest value of 2.37 g L-1 was obtained with main backbone of polysaccharides. 28700956 3 16 theme bioflocculant 471:483 arg1 DS 498:499 DS 498:499 DS 498:499 The bioflocculant showed good performances in sludge dewatering, after conditioned by this bioflocculant, dry solids (DS) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of typical wastewater activated sludge reached 19.3% and 4.8 × 1012 m kg-1, respectively, which were much better than the ones obtained with chemical flocculants. 28700956 3 16 theme bioflocculant 471:483 arg1 solids 490:495 this bioflocculant, dry solids 466:495 this bioflocculant, dry solids (DS) 466:500 The bioflocculant showed good performances in sludge dewatering, after conditioned by this bioflocculant, dry solids (DS) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of typical wastewater activated sludge reached 19.3% and 4.8 × 1012 m kg-1, respectively, which were much better than the ones obtained with chemical flocculants. 28700956 5 17 theme sludge 1002:1007 arg1 SRF 991:993 SRF 991:993 SRF 991:993 Under this optimal condition, DS and SRF of the sludge appeared as 24.1% and 3.0 × 1012 m kg-1, respectively. 28700956 5 17 theme sludge 1002:1007 arg1 DS 984:985 DS 984:985 DS 984:985 Under this optimal condition, DS and SRF of the sludge appeared as 24.1% and 3.0 × 1012 m kg-1, respectively. 28700956 0 18 from enhancement 71:81 arg1 dewaterability 86:99 dewaterability 86:99 dewaterability 86:99 Sludge conditioning using the composite of a bioflocculant and PAC for enhancement in dewaterability. 28700956 2 19 theme polysaccharides 363:377 arg1 backbone 351:358 main backbone 346:358 main backbone of polysaccharides 346:377 Production of the bioflocculant was positively associated with cell growth and highest value of 2.37 g L-1 was obtained with main backbone of polysaccharides. 28700956 4 20 theme 19.4 g kg-1 926:936 arg1 pH 943:944 pH 943:944 pH of 8.1 943:951 Sludge dewatering was further improved when the bioflocculant and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and the optimized conditioning process by the composite was bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1, PAC of 19.4 g kg-1, and pH of 8.1. 28700956 4 20 theme 19.4 g kg-1 926:936 arg1 PAC 919:921 PAC 919:921 PAC of 19.4 g kg-1 919:936 Sludge dewatering was further improved when the bioflocculant and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and the optimized conditioning process by the composite was bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1, PAC of 19.4 g kg-1, and pH of 8.1. 28700956 4 20 theme 19.4 g kg-1 926:936 arg1 bioflocculant 889:901 bioflocculant 889:901 bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1 889:916 Sludge dewatering was further improved when the bioflocculant and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and the optimized conditioning process by the composite was bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1, PAC of 19.4 g kg-1, and pH of 8.1. 28700956 4 20 theme 19.4 g kg-1 926:936 arg1 process 860:866 the optimized conditioning process 833:866 the optimized conditioning process by the composite 833:883 Sludge dewatering was further improved when the bioflocculant and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and the optimized conditioning process by the composite was bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1, PAC of 19.4 g kg-1, and pH of 8.1. 28700956 0 21 dep bioflocculant 45:57 arg1 a 43:43 a 43:43 a 43:43 Sludge conditioning using the composite of a bioflocculant and PAC for enhancement in dewaterability. 28700956 3 22 theme sludge 426:431 arg1 dewatering 433:442 sludge dewatering 426:442 sludge dewatering 426:442 The bioflocculant showed good performances in sludge dewatering, after conditioned by this bioflocculant, dry solids (DS) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of typical wastewater activated sludge reached 19.3% and 4.8 × 1012 m kg-1, respectively, which were much better than the ones obtained with chemical flocculants. 28700956 1 23 theme sludge 202:207 arg1 dewatering 209:218 sludge dewatering 202:218 sludge dewatering 202:218 This study investigated the production of a bioflocculant by using rice stover and its potential in sludge dewatering. 28700956 3 24 theme good 405:408 arg1 performances 410:421 good performances 405:421 good performances in sludge dewatering 405:442 The bioflocculant showed good performances in sludge dewatering, after conditioned by this bioflocculant, dry solids (DS) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of typical wastewater activated sludge reached 19.3% and 4.8 × 1012 m kg-1, respectively, which were much better than the ones obtained with chemical flocculants. 28700956 4 25 theme 8.1 949:951 arg1 pH 943:944 pH 943:944 pH of 8.1 943:951 Sludge dewatering was further improved when the bioflocculant and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and the optimized conditioning process by the composite was bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1, PAC of 19.4 g kg-1, and pH of 8.1. 28700956 4 25 theme 8.1 949:951 arg1 PAC 919:921 PAC 919:921 PAC of 19.4 g kg-1 919:936 Sludge dewatering was further improved when the bioflocculant and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and the optimized conditioning process by the composite was bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1, PAC of 19.4 g kg-1, and pH of 8.1. 28700956 4 25 theme 8.1 949:951 arg1 bioflocculant 889:901 bioflocculant 889:901 bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1 889:916 Sludge dewatering was further improved when the bioflocculant and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and the optimized conditioning process by the composite was bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1, PAC of 19.4 g kg-1, and pH of 8.1. 28700956 4 25 theme 8.1 949:951 arg1 process 860:866 the optimized conditioning process 833:866 the optimized conditioning process by the composite 833:883 Sludge dewatering was further improved when the bioflocculant and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and the optimized conditioning process by the composite was bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1, PAC of 19.4 g kg-1, and pH of 8.1. 28700956 3 26 theme activated 568:576 arg1 sludge 578:583 typical wastewater activated sludge 549:583 typical wastewater activated sludge 549:583 The bioflocculant showed good performances in sludge dewatering, after conditioned by this bioflocculant, dry solids (DS) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of typical wastewater activated sludge reached 19.3% and 4.8 × 1012 m kg-1, respectively, which were much better than the ones obtained with chemical flocculants. 28700956 4 27 dep bioflocculant 757:769 arg1 the 753:755 the 753:755 the 753:755 Sludge dewatering was further improved when the bioflocculant and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and the optimized conditioning process by the composite was bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1, PAC of 19.4 g kg-1, and pH of 8.1. 28700956 3 28 theme sludge 578:583 arg1 SRF 541:543 SRF 541:543 SRF 541:543 The bioflocculant showed good performances in sludge dewatering, after conditioned by this bioflocculant, dry solids (DS) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of typical wastewater activated sludge reached 19.3% and 4.8 × 1012 m kg-1, respectively, which were much better than the ones obtained with chemical flocculants. 28700956 3 28 theme sludge 578:583 arg1 filtration 529:538 filtration 529:538 filtration (SRF) of typical wastewater activated sludge 529:583 The bioflocculant showed good performances in sludge dewatering, after conditioned by this bioflocculant, dry solids (DS) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of typical wastewater activated sludge reached 19.3% and 4.8 × 1012 m kg-1, respectively, which were much better than the ones obtained with chemical flocculants. 28700956 4 29 theme 10.5 g kg-1 906:916 arg1 pH 943:944 pH 943:944 pH of 8.1 943:951 Sludge dewatering was further improved when the bioflocculant and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and the optimized conditioning process by the composite was bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1, PAC of 19.4 g kg-1, and pH of 8.1. 28700956 4 29 theme 10.5 g kg-1 906:916 arg1 PAC 919:921 PAC 919:921 PAC of 19.4 g kg-1 919:936 Sludge dewatering was further improved when the bioflocculant and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and the optimized conditioning process by the composite was bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1, PAC of 19.4 g kg-1, and pH of 8.1. 28700956 4 29 theme 10.5 g kg-1 906:916 arg1 bioflocculant 889:901 bioflocculant 889:901 bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1 889:916 Sludge dewatering was further improved when the bioflocculant and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and the optimized conditioning process by the composite was bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1, PAC of 19.4 g kg-1, and pH of 8.1. 28700956 4 29 theme 10.5 g kg-1 906:916 arg1 process 860:866 the optimized conditioning process 833:866 the optimized conditioning process by the composite 833:883 Sludge dewatering was further improved when the bioflocculant and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and the optimized conditioning process by the composite was bioflocculant of 10.5 g kg-1, PAC of 19.4 g kg-1, and pH of 8.1. 28700956 5 30 theme optimal 965:971 arg1 condition 973:981 this optimal condition 960:981 this optimal condition 960:981 Under this optimal condition, DS and SRF of the sludge appeared as 24.1% and 3.0 × 1012 m kg-1, respectively. 28700956 1 31 from potential 189:197 arg1 dewatering 209:218 sludge dewatering 202:218 sludge dewatering 202:218 This study investigated the production of a bioflocculant by using rice stover and its potential in sludge dewatering. 28700956 1 32 from stover 174:179 arg1 dewatering 209:218 sludge dewatering 202:218 sludge dewatering 202:218 This study investigated the production of a bioflocculant by using rice stover and its potential in sludge dewatering. 28700956 2 33 theme 2.37 g L-1 317:326 arg1 value 308:312 highest value 300:312 highest value of 2.37 g L-1 300:326 Production of the bioflocculant was positively associated with cell growth and highest value of 2.37 g L-1 was obtained with main backbone of polysaccharides. 28700956 0 34 theme PAC 63:65 arg1 PAC 63:65 PAC 63:65 PAC 63:65 Sludge conditioning using the composite of a bioflocculant and PAC for enhancement in dewaterability. 28700956 0 34 theme PAC 63:65 arg1 composite 30:38 the composite 26:38 the composite of a bioflocculant and PAC for enhancement in dewaterability 26:99 Sludge conditioning using the composite of a bioflocculant and PAC for enhancement in dewaterability. 28700956 0 34 theme PAC 63:65 arg1 bioflocculant 45:57 bioflocculant 45:57 bioflocculant 45:57 Sludge conditioning using the composite of a bioflocculant and PAC for enhancement in dewaterability. 28700956 2 35 theme bioflocculant 239:251 arg1 Production 221:230 Production 221:230 Production of the bioflocculant 221:251 Production of the bioflocculant was positively associated with cell growth and highest value of 2.37 g L-1 was obtained with main backbone of polysaccharides. 28700956 3 36 theme specific 506:513 arg1 resistance 515:524 specific resistance 506:524 specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of typical wastewater activated sludge 506:583 The bioflocculant showed good performances in sludge dewatering, after conditioned by this bioflocculant, dry solids (DS) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of typical wastewater activated sludge reached 19.3% and 4.8 × 1012 m kg-1, respectively, which were much better than the ones obtained with chemical flocculants. 28700956 0 37 theme bioflocculant 45:57 arg1 PAC 63:65 PAC 63:65 PAC 63:65 Sludge conditioning using the composite of a bioflocculant and PAC for enhancement in dewaterability. 28700956 0 37 theme bioflocculant 45:57 arg1 composite 30:38 the composite 26:38 the composite of a bioflocculant and PAC for enhancement in dewaterability 26:99 Sludge conditioning using the composite of a bioflocculant and PAC for enhancement in dewaterability. 28700956 0 37 theme bioflocculant 45:57 arg1 bioflocculant 45:57 bioflocculant 45:57 bioflocculant 45:57 Sludge conditioning using the composite of a bioflocculant and PAC for enhancement in dewaterability. 29143212 3 0 theme wide 303:306 arg1 range 308:312 a wide range 301:312 a wide range of temperatures (4-28 °C) and pH (4-10) 301:352 Strain CMAA 1533T was found to grow over a wide range of temperatures (4-28 °C) and pH (4-10). 29143212 2 1 theme strain 127:132 arg1 1533T 139:143 strain CMAA 1533T 127:143 strain CMAA 1533T 127:143 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain CMAA 1533T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Deschampsia antarctica collected at King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula. 29143212 8 2 theme polar 1061:1065 arg1 isoprenologue 1012:1024 Its predominant isoprenologue 996:1024 Its predominant isoprenologue 996:1024 Its predominant isoprenologue was identified as MK-8(H2) and the polar lipids as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 29143212 8 2 theme polar 1061:1065 arg1 lipids 1067:1072 the polar lipids 1057:1072 the polar lipids 1057:1072 Its predominant isoprenologue was identified as MK-8(H2) and the polar lipids as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 29143212 6 3 dep calculations 699:710 arg1 indicated 712:720 indicated 712:720 calculations indicated that the novel strain is closely related to Rhodococcus degradans CCM 4446T, Rhodococcus erythropolis NBRC 15567T and Rhodococcus triatomae DSM 44892T (≤ 96.9%) 699:881 Sequence similarity calculations indicated that the novel strain is closely related to Rhodococcus degradans CCM 4446T, Rhodococcus erythropolis NBRC 15567T and Rhodococcus triatomae DSM 44892T (≤ 96.9%). 29143212 5 4 theme family 594:599 arg1 Nocardiaceae 601:612 the family Nocardiaceae 590:612 the family Nocardiaceae 590:612 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CMAA 1533T belongs to the family Nocardiaceae and forms a distinct phyletic line within the genus Rhodococcus. 29143212 9 5 theme Summed 1248:1253 arg1 feature 1255:1261 Summed feature 1248:1261 Summed feature (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c) 1248:1290 The major fatty acids were identified as Summed feature (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c), C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0. 29143212 9 5 theme Summed 1248:1253 arg1 acids 1223:1227 The major fatty acids 1207:1227 The major fatty acids 1207:1227 The major fatty acids were identified as Summed feature (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c), C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0. 29143212 12 6 theme psychrotolerans 1766:1780 arg1 sp 1782:1783 the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp 1745:1783 the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp 1745:1783 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data, it is concluded that strain CMAA 1533T (= NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T) represents a new species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp. 29143212 12 7 theme new 1697:1699 arg1 species 1701:1707 a new species 1695:1707 a new species 1695:1707 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data, it is concluded that strain CMAA 1533T (= NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T) represents a new species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp. 29143212 9 8 theme major 1211:1215 arg1 ω9c 1306:1308 ω9c 1306:1308 ω9c 1306:1308 The major fatty acids were identified as Summed feature (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c), C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0. 29143212 9 8 theme major 1211:1215 arg1 C18:0 1324:1328 10-methyl C18:0 1314:1328 10-methyl C18:0 1314:1328 The major fatty acids were identified as Summed feature (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c), C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0. 29143212 9 8 theme major 1211:1215 arg1 feature 1255:1261 Summed feature 1248:1261 Summed feature (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c) 1248:1290 The major fatty acids were identified as Summed feature (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c), C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0. 29143212 9 8 theme major 1211:1215 arg1 acids 1223:1227 The major fatty acids 1207:1227 The major fatty acids 1207:1227 The major fatty acids were identified as Summed feature (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c), C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0. 29143212 8 9 theme predominant 1000:1010 arg1 mannosides 1195:1204 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 1174:1204 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 1174:1204 Its predominant isoprenologue was identified as MK-8(H2) and the polar lipids as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 29143212 8 9 theme predominant 1000:1010 arg1 lipids 1067:1072 the polar lipids 1057:1072 the polar lipids 1057:1072 Its predominant isoprenologue was identified as MK-8(H2) and the polar lipids as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 29143212 8 9 theme predominant 1000:1010 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1123:1146 phosphatidylethanolamine 1123:1146 phosphatidylethanolamine 1123:1146 Its predominant isoprenologue was identified as MK-8(H2) and the polar lipids as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 29143212 8 9 theme predominant 1000:1010 arg1 MK-8 1044:1047 MK-8 1044:1047 MK-8(H2) 1044:1051 Its predominant isoprenologue was identified as MK-8(H2) and the polar lipids as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 29143212 8 9 theme predominant 1000:1010 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 1149:1168 phosphatidylinositol 1149:1168 phosphatidylinositol 1149:1168 Its predominant isoprenologue was identified as MK-8(H2) and the polar lipids as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 29143212 8 9 theme predominant 1000:1010 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1077:1098 diphosphatidylglycerol 1077:1098 diphosphatidylglycerol 1077:1098 Its predominant isoprenologue was identified as MK-8(H2) and the polar lipids as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 29143212 8 9 theme predominant 1000:1010 arg1 isoprenologue 1012:1024 Its predominant isoprenologue 996:1024 Its predominant isoprenologue 996:1024 Its predominant isoprenologue was identified as MK-8(H2) and the polar lipids as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 29143212 8 9 theme predominant 1000:1010 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1101:1120 phosphatidylglycerol 1101:1120 phosphatidylglycerol 1101:1120 Its predominant isoprenologue was identified as MK-8(H2) and the polar lipids as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 29143212 6 10 theme Rhodococcus 766:776 arg1 4446T 792:796 Rhodococcus degradans CCM 4446T 766:796 Rhodococcus degradans CCM 4446T 766:796 Sequence similarity calculations indicated that the novel strain is closely related to Rhodococcus degradans CCM 4446T, Rhodococcus erythropolis NBRC 15567T and Rhodococcus triatomae DSM 44892T (≤ 96.9%). 29143212 11 11 theme carbon 1535:1540 arg1 galactose 1517:1525 galactose 1517:1525 galactose 1517:1525 Unlike the closely related type strains, CMAA 1533T can grow at 4 °C but not at 37 °C and was able to utilise adonitol and galactose as sole carbon sources. 29143212 11 11 theme carbon 1535:1540 arg1 adonitol 1504:1511 adonitol 1504:1511 adonitol 1504:1511 Unlike the closely related type strains, CMAA 1533T can grow at 4 °C but not at 37 °C and was able to utilise adonitol and galactose as sole carbon sources. 29143212 11 11 theme carbon 1535:1540 arg1 sources 1542:1548 sole carbon sources 1530:1548 sole carbon sources 1530:1548 Unlike the closely related type strains, CMAA 1533T can grow at 4 °C but not at 37 °C and was able to utilise adonitol and galactose as sole carbon sources. 29143212 4 12 dep circular 405:412 arg1 circular 405:412 circular 405:412 circular 405:412 Macroscopically, the colonies were observed to be circular shaped, smooth, brittle and opaque-cream on most of the culture media tested. 29143212 4 12 dep circular 405:412 arg1 colonies 376:383 the colonies 372:383 the colonies 372:383 Macroscopically, the colonies were observed to be circular shaped, smooth, brittle and opaque-cream on most of the culture media tested. 29143212 4 12 dep circular 405:412 arg1 shaped 414:419 shaped 414:419 shaped 414:419 Macroscopically, the colonies were observed to be circular shaped, smooth, brittle and opaque-cream on most of the culture media tested. 29143212 12 13 theme phylogenetic 1560:1571 arg1 data 1607:1610 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data 1560:1610 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data 1560:1610 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data, it is concluded that strain CMAA 1533T (= NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T) represents a new species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp. 29143212 7 14 theme cell 977:980 arg1 hydrolysates 982:993 whole cell hydrolysates 971:993 whole cell hydrolysates 971:993 The organism was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose and arabinose in whole cell hydrolysates. 29143212 10 15 theme genomic 1350:1356 arg1 DNA 1358:1360 genomic DNA 1350:1360 genomic DNA 1350:1360 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 65.5 mol%. 29143212 6 16 theme DSM 862:864 arg1 44892T 866:871 Rhodococcus triatomae DSM 44892T 840:871 Rhodococcus triatomae DSM 44892T (≤ 96.9%) 840:881 Sequence similarity calculations indicated that the novel strain is closely related to Rhodococcus degradans CCM 4446T, Rhodococcus erythropolis NBRC 15567T and Rhodococcus triatomae DSM 44892T (≤ 96.9%). 29143212 6 16 theme DSM 862:864 arg1 % 880:880 ≤ 96.9% 874:880 ≤ 96.9% 874:880 Sequence similarity calculations indicated that the novel strain is closely related to Rhodococcus degradans CCM 4446T, Rhodococcus erythropolis NBRC 15567T and Rhodococcus triatomae DSM 44892T (≤ 96.9%). 29143212 5 17 theme CMAA 568:571 arg1 1533T 573:577 strain CMAA 1533T 561:577 strain CMAA 1533T 561:577 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CMAA 1533T belongs to the family Nocardiaceae and forms a distinct phyletic line within the genus Rhodococcus. 29143212 5 18 theme strain 561:566 arg1 1533T 573:577 strain CMAA 1533T 561:577 strain CMAA 1533T 561:577 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CMAA 1533T belongs to the family Nocardiaceae and forms a distinct phyletic line within the genus Rhodococcus. 29143212 1 19 theme Deschampsia 67:77 arg1 antarctica 79:88 Deschampsia antarctica 67:88 Deschampsia antarctica 67:88 nov., isolated from rhizosphere of Deschampsia antarctica. 29143212 12 20 theme chemotaxonomic 1574:1587 arg1 data 1607:1610 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data 1560:1610 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data 1560:1610 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data, it is concluded that strain CMAA 1533T (= NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T) represents a new species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp. 29143212 7 21 from acid 938:941 arg1 hydrolysates 982:993 whole cell hydrolysates 971:993 whole cell hydrolysates 971:993 The organism was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose and arabinose in whole cell hydrolysates. 29143212 3 22 theme Strain 260:265 arg1 1533T 272:276 Strain CMAA 1533T 260:276 Strain CMAA 1533T 260:276 Strain CMAA 1533T was found to grow over a wide range of temperatures (4-28 °C) and pH (4-10). 29143212 10 23 theme 65.5 mol 1383:1390 arg1 % 1391:1391 65.5 mol% 1383:1391 65.5 mol% 1383:1391 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 65.5 mol%. 29143212 10 23 theme 65.5 mol 1383:1390 arg1 content 1339:1345 The G+C content 1331:1345 The G+C content of genomic DNA 1331:1360 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 65.5 mol%. 29143212 1 24 theme antarctica 79:88 arg1 rhizosphere 52:62 rhizosphere 52:62 rhizosphere of Deschampsia antarctica 52:88 nov., isolated from rhizosphere of Deschampsia antarctica. 29143212 8 25 theme phosphatidylinositol 1174:1193 arg1 mannosides 1195:1204 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 1174:1204 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 1174:1204 Its predominant isoprenologue was identified as MK-8(H2) and the polar lipids as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 29143212 8 25 theme phosphatidylinositol 1174:1193 arg1 isoprenologue 1012:1024 Its predominant isoprenologue 996:1024 Its predominant isoprenologue 996:1024 Its predominant isoprenologue was identified as MK-8(H2) and the polar lipids as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 29143212 6 26 theme Rhodococcus 840:850 arg1 44892T 866:871 Rhodococcus triatomae DSM 44892T 840:871 Rhodococcus triatomae DSM 44892T (≤ 96.9%) 840:881 Sequence similarity calculations indicated that the novel strain is closely related to Rhodococcus degradans CCM 4446T, Rhodococcus erythropolis NBRC 15567T and Rhodococcus triatomae DSM 44892T (≤ 96.9%). 29143212 6 26 theme Rhodococcus 840:850 arg1 % 880:880 ≤ 96.9% 874:880 ≤ 96.9% 874:880 Sequence similarity calculations indicated that the novel strain is closely related to Rhodococcus degradans CCM 4446T, Rhodococcus erythropolis NBRC 15567T and Rhodococcus triatomae DSM 44892T (≤ 96.9%). 29143212 12 27 theme Rhodococcus 1722:1732 arg1 species 1701:1707 a new species 1695:1707 a new species 1695:1707 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data, it is concluded that strain CMAA 1533T (= NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T) represents a new species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp. 29143212 5 28 theme 16S 523:525 arg1 sequences 537:545 16S rRNA gene sequences 523:545 16S rRNA gene sequences 523:545 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CMAA 1533T belongs to the family Nocardiaceae and forms a distinct phyletic line within the genus Rhodococcus. 29143212 12 29 theme physiological 1593:1605 arg1 data 1607:1610 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data 1560:1610 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data 1560:1610 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data, it is concluded that strain CMAA 1533T (= NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T) represents a new species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp. 29143212 7 30 from galactose 944:952 arg1 hydrolysates 982:993 whole cell hydrolysates 971:993 whole cell hydrolysates 971:993 The organism was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose and arabinose in whole cell hydrolysates. 29143212 0 31 theme Rhodococcus 0:10 arg1 psychrotolerans 12:26 Rhodococcus psychrotolerans 0:26 Rhodococcus psychrotolerans 0:26 Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp. 29143212 12 32 theme CMAA 1641:1644 arg1 104532T 1675:1681 = NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T 1653:1681 = NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T 1653:1681 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data, it is concluded that strain CMAA 1533T (= NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T) represents a new species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp. 29143212 12 32 theme CMAA 1641:1644 arg1 1533T 1646:1650 strain CMAA 1533T 1634:1650 strain CMAA 1533T (= NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T) 1634:1682 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data, it is concluded that strain CMAA 1533T (= NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T) represents a new species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp. 29143212 5 33 theme rRNA 527:530 arg1 sequences 537:545 16S rRNA gene sequences 523:545 16S rRNA gene sequences 523:545 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CMAA 1533T belongs to the family Nocardiaceae and forms a distinct phyletic line within the genus Rhodococcus. 29143212 11 34 theme type 1421:1424 arg1 strains 1426:1432 the closely related type strains 1401:1432 the closely related type strains 1401:1432 Unlike the closely related type strains, CMAA 1533T can grow at 4 °C but not at 37 °C and was able to utilise adonitol and galactose as sole carbon sources. 29143212 3 35 theme pH 344:345 arg1 range 308:312 a wide range 301:312 a wide range of temperatures (4-28 °C) and pH (4-10) 301:352 Strain CMAA 1533T was found to grow over a wide range of temperatures (4-28 °C) and pH (4-10). 29143212 9 36 theme fatty 1217:1221 arg1 ω9c 1306:1308 ω9c 1306:1308 ω9c 1306:1308 The major fatty acids were identified as Summed feature (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c), C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0. 29143212 9 36 theme fatty 1217:1221 arg1 C18:0 1324:1328 10-methyl C18:0 1314:1328 10-methyl C18:0 1314:1328 The major fatty acids were identified as Summed feature (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c), C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0. 29143212 9 36 theme fatty 1217:1221 arg1 feature 1255:1261 Summed feature 1248:1261 Summed feature (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c) 1248:1290 The major fatty acids were identified as Summed feature (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c), C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0. 29143212 9 36 theme fatty 1217:1221 arg1 acids 1223:1227 The major fatty acids 1207:1227 The major fatty acids 1207:1227 The major fatty acids were identified as Summed feature (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c), C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0. 29143212 5 37 theme gene 532:535 arg1 sequences 537:545 16S rRNA gene sequences 523:545 16S rRNA gene sequences 523:545 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CMAA 1533T belongs to the family Nocardiaceae and forms a distinct phyletic line within the genus Rhodococcus. 29143212 7 38 from arabinose 958:966 arg1 hydrolysates 982:993 whole cell hydrolysates 971:993 whole cell hydrolysates 971:993 The organism was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose and arabinose in whole cell hydrolysates. 29143212 10 39 theme G+C 1335:1337 arg1 % 1391:1391 65.5 mol% 1383:1391 65.5 mol% 1383:1391 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 65.5 mol%. 29143212 10 39 theme G+C 1335:1337 arg1 content 1339:1345 The G+C content 1331:1345 The G+C content of genomic DNA 1331:1360 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 65.5 mol%. 29143212 9 40 theme 10-methyl 1314:1322 arg1 C18:0 1324:1328 10-methyl C18:0 1314:1328 10-methyl C18:0 1314:1328 The major fatty acids were identified as Summed feature (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c), C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0. 29143212 9 40 theme 10-methyl 1314:1322 arg1 acids 1223:1227 The major fatty acids 1207:1227 The major fatty acids 1207:1227 The major fatty acids were identified as Summed feature (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c), C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0. 29143212 11 41 theme related 1413:1419 arg1 strains 1426:1432 the closely related type strains 1401:1432 the closely related type strains 1401:1432 Unlike the closely related type strains, CMAA 1533T can grow at 4 °C but not at 37 °C and was able to utilise adonitol and galactose as sole carbon sources. 29143212 3 42 theme CMAA 267:270 arg1 1533T 272:276 Strain CMAA 1533T 260:276 Strain CMAA 1533T 260:276 Strain CMAA 1533T was found to grow over a wide range of temperatures (4-28 °C) and pH (4-10). 29143212 6 43 dep Rhodococcus 766:776 arg1 degradans 778:786 degradans 778:786 degradans 778:786 Sequence similarity calculations indicated that the novel strain is closely related to Rhodococcus degradans CCM 4446T, Rhodococcus erythropolis NBRC 15567T and Rhodococcus triatomae DSM 44892T (≤ 96.9%). 29143212 4 44 theme culture 470:476 arg1 media 478:482 the culture media 466:482 the culture media tested 466:489 Macroscopically, the colonies were observed to be circular shaped, smooth, brittle and opaque-cream on most of the culture media tested. 29143212 5 45 theme genus 660:664 arg1 Rhodococcus 666:676 the genus Rhodococcus 656:676 the genus Rhodococcus 656:676 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CMAA 1533T belongs to the family Nocardiaceae and forms a distinct phyletic line within the genus Rhodococcus. 29143212 6 46 theme NBRC 824:827 arg1 15567T 829:834 Rhodococcus erythropolis NBRC 15567T 799:834 Rhodococcus erythropolis NBRC 15567T 799:834 Sequence similarity calculations indicated that the novel strain is closely related to Rhodococcus degradans CCM 4446T, Rhodococcus erythropolis NBRC 15567T and Rhodococcus triatomae DSM 44892T (≤ 96.9%). 29143212 7 47 theme whole 971:975 arg1 hydrolysates 982:993 whole cell hydrolysates 971:993 whole cell hydrolysates 971:993 The organism was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose and arabinose in whole cell hydrolysates. 29143212 2 48 theme novel 93:97 arg1 actinobacterium 99:113 A novel actinobacterium 91:113 A novel actinobacterium 91:113 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain CMAA 1533T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Deschampsia antarctica collected at King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula. 29143212 12 49 theme name 1749:1752 arg1 sp 1782:1783 the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp 1745:1783 the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp 1745:1783 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data, it is concluded that strain CMAA 1533T (= NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T) represents a new species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp. 29143212 6 50 theme erythropolis 811:822 arg1 15567T 829:834 Rhodococcus erythropolis NBRC 15567T 799:834 Rhodococcus erythropolis NBRC 15567T 799:834 Sequence similarity calculations indicated that the novel strain is closely related to Rhodococcus degradans CCM 4446T, Rhodococcus erythropolis NBRC 15567T and Rhodococcus triatomae DSM 44892T (≤ 96.9%). 29143212 2 51 theme George 224:229 arg1 Island 231:236 King George Island 219:236 King George Island 219:236 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain CMAA 1533T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Deschampsia antarctica collected at King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula. 29143212 2 51 theme George 224:229 arg1 Peninsula 249:257 Antarctic Peninsula 239:257 Antarctic Peninsula 239:257 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain CMAA 1533T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Deschampsia antarctica collected at King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula. 29143212 5 52 theme Phylogenetic 492:503 arg1 analysis 505:512 Phylogenetic analysis 492:512 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 492:545 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CMAA 1533T belongs to the family Nocardiaceae and forms a distinct phyletic line within the genus Rhodococcus. 29143212 7 53 contain contain 910:916 arg1 organism 888:895 The organism 884:895 The organism 884:895 The organism was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose and arabinose in whole cell hydrolysates. 29143212 7 53 contain contain 910:916 arg2 acid 938:941 meso-diaminopimelic acid 918:941 meso-diaminopimelic acid 918:941 The organism was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose and arabinose in whole cell hydrolysates. 29143212 7 53 contain contain 910:916 arg2 arabinose 958:966 arabinose 958:966 arabinose 958:966 The organism was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose and arabinose in whole cell hydrolysates. 29143212 7 53 contain contain 910:916 arg2 galactose 944:952 galactose 944:952 galactose 944:952 The organism was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose and arabinose in whole cell hydrolysates. 29143212 10 54 theme DNA 1358:1360 arg1 % 1391:1391 65.5 mol% 1383:1391 65.5 mol% 1383:1391 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 65.5 mol%. 29143212 10 54 theme DNA 1358:1360 arg1 content 1339:1345 The G+C content 1331:1345 The G+C content of genomic DNA 1331:1360 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 65.5 mol%. 29143212 12 55 theme B-65465T = DSM 1660:1673 arg1 104532T 1675:1681 = NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T 1653:1681 = NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T 1653:1681 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data, it is concluded that strain CMAA 1533T (= NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T) represents a new species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp. 29143212 12 55 theme B-65465T = DSM 1660:1673 arg1 1533T 1646:1650 strain CMAA 1533T 1634:1650 strain CMAA 1533T (= NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T) 1634:1682 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data, it is concluded that strain CMAA 1533T (= NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T) represents a new species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp. 29143212 6 56 theme Rhodococcus 799:809 arg1 15567T 829:834 Rhodococcus erythropolis NBRC 15567T 799:834 Rhodococcus erythropolis NBRC 15567T 799:834 Sequence similarity calculations indicated that the novel strain is closely related to Rhodococcus degradans CCM 4446T, Rhodococcus erythropolis NBRC 15567T and Rhodococcus triatomae DSM 44892T (≤ 96.9%). 29143212 2 57 theme King 219:222 arg1 Island 231:236 King George Island 219:236 King George Island 219:236 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain CMAA 1533T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Deschampsia antarctica collected at King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula. 29143212 2 57 theme King 219:222 arg1 Peninsula 249:257 Antarctic Peninsula 239:257 Antarctic Peninsula 239:257 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain CMAA 1533T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Deschampsia antarctica collected at King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula. 29143212 12 58 theme Rhodococcus 1754:1764 arg1 sp 1782:1783 the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp 1745:1783 the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp 1745:1783 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data, it is concluded that strain CMAA 1533T (= NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T) represents a new species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp. 29143212 2 59 attach isolated 150:157 arg2 actinobacterium 99:113 A novel actinobacterium 91:113 A novel actinobacterium 91:113 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain CMAA 1533T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Deschampsia antarctica collected at King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula. 29143212 2 59 attach isolated 150:157 arg1 rhizosphere 168:178 the rhizosphere 164:178 the rhizosphere of Deschampsia antarctica collected at King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula 164:257 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain CMAA 1533T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Deschampsia antarctica collected at King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula. 29143212 12 60 theme strain 1634:1639 arg1 104532T 1675:1681 = NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T 1653:1681 = NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T 1653:1681 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data, it is concluded that strain CMAA 1533T (= NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T) represents a new species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp. 29143212 12 60 theme strain 1634:1639 arg1 1533T 1646:1650 strain CMAA 1533T 1634:1650 strain CMAA 1533T (= NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T) 1634:1682 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data, it is concluded that strain CMAA 1533T (= NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T) represents a new species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp. 29143212 6 61 theme novel 731:735 arg1 strain 737:742 the novel strain 727:742 the novel strain 727:742 Sequence similarity calculations indicated that the novel strain is closely related to Rhodococcus degradans CCM 4446T, Rhodococcus erythropolis NBRC 15567T and Rhodococcus triatomae DSM 44892T (≤ 96.9%). 29143212 6 61 theme novel 731:735 arg1 related 755:761 related 755:761 related 755:761 Sequence similarity calculations indicated that the novel strain is closely related to Rhodococcus degradans CCM 4446T, Rhodococcus erythropolis NBRC 15567T and Rhodococcus triatomae DSM 44892T (≤ 96.9%). 29143212 5 62 theme distinct 626:633 arg1 line 644:647 a distinct phyletic line 624:647 a distinct phyletic line 624:647 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CMAA 1533T belongs to the family Nocardiaceae and forms a distinct phyletic line within the genus Rhodococcus. 29143212 12 63 theme = NRRL 1653:1658 arg1 104532T 1675:1681 = NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T 1653:1681 = NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T 1653:1681 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data, it is concluded that strain CMAA 1533T (= NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T) represents a new species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp. 29143212 12 63 theme = NRRL 1653:1658 arg1 1533T 1646:1650 strain CMAA 1533T 1634:1650 strain CMAA 1533T (= NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T) 1634:1682 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data, it is concluded that strain CMAA 1533T (= NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T) represents a new species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp. 29143212 7 64 theme meso-diaminopimelic 918:936 arg1 acid 938:941 meso-diaminopimelic acid 918:941 meso-diaminopimelic acid 918:941 The organism was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose and arabinose in whole cell hydrolysates. 29143212 12 65 theme genus 1716:1720 arg1 Rhodococcus 1722:1732 the genus Rhodococcus 1712:1732 the genus Rhodococcus 1712:1732 Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data, it is concluded that strain CMAA 1533T (= NRRL B-65465T = DSM 104532T) represents a new species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp. 29143212 5 66 theme phyletic 635:642 arg1 line 644:647 a distinct phyletic line 624:647 a distinct phyletic line 624:647 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CMAA 1533T belongs to the family Nocardiaceae and forms a distinct phyletic line within the genus Rhodococcus. 29143212 2 67 theme antarctica 195:204 arg1 rhizosphere 168:178 the rhizosphere 164:178 the rhizosphere of Deschampsia antarctica collected at King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula 164:257 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain CMAA 1533T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Deschampsia antarctica collected at King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula. 29143212 0 68 dep sp 28:29 arg1 psychrotolerans 12:26 Rhodococcus psychrotolerans 0:26 Rhodococcus psychrotolerans 0:26 Rhodococcus psychrotolerans sp. 29143212 9 69 dep feature 1255:1261 arg1 ω7c 1287:1289 ω7c 1287:1289 ω7c 1287:1289 The major fatty acids were identified as Summed feature (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c), C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0. 29143212 9 69 dep feature 1255:1261 arg1 ω6c 1270:1272 ω6c 1270:1272 ω6c 1270:1272 The major fatty acids were identified as Summed feature (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c), C16:0, C18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0. 29143212 6 70 dep Rhodococcus 840:850 arg1 triatomae 852:860 triatomae 852:860 triatomae 852:860 Sequence similarity calculations indicated that the novel strain is closely related to Rhodococcus degradans CCM 4446T, Rhodococcus erythropolis NBRC 15567T and Rhodococcus triatomae DSM 44892T (≤ 96.9%). 29143212 6 71 theme CCM 788:790 arg1 4446T 792:796 Rhodococcus degradans CCM 4446T 766:796 Rhodococcus degradans CCM 4446T 766:796 Sequence similarity calculations indicated that the novel strain is closely related to Rhodococcus degradans CCM 4446T, Rhodococcus erythropolis NBRC 15567T and Rhodococcus triatomae DSM 44892T (≤ 96.9%). 29143212 6 72 theme Sequence 679:686 arg1 similarity 688:697 Sequence similarity 679:697 Sequence similarity 679:697 Sequence similarity calculations indicated that the novel strain is closely related to Rhodococcus degradans CCM 4446T, Rhodococcus erythropolis NBRC 15567T and Rhodococcus triatomae DSM 44892T (≤ 96.9%). 29143212 11 73 theme CMAA 1435:1438 arg1 1533T 1440:1444 CMAA 1533T 1435:1444 CMAA 1533T 1435:1444 Unlike the closely related type strains, CMAA 1533T can grow at 4 °C but not at 37 °C and was able to utilise adonitol and galactose as sole carbon sources. 29143212 3 74 theme temperatures 317:328 arg1 range 308:312 a wide range 301:312 a wide range of temperatures (4-28 °C) and pH (4-10) 301:352 Strain CMAA 1533T was found to grow over a wide range of temperatures (4-28 °C) and pH (4-10). 29143212 2 75 theme CMAA 134:137 arg1 1533T 139:143 strain CMAA 1533T 127:143 strain CMAA 1533T 127:143 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain CMAA 1533T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Deschampsia antarctica collected at King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula. 29143212 2 76 theme Antarctic 239:247 arg1 Island 231:236 King George Island 219:236 King George Island 219:236 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain CMAA 1533T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Deschampsia antarctica collected at King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula. 29143212 2 76 theme Antarctic 239:247 arg1 Peninsula 249:257 Antarctic Peninsula 239:257 Antarctic Peninsula 239:257 A novel actinobacterium, designated strain CMAA 1533T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Deschampsia antarctica collected at King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula. 29143212 11 77 theme sole 1530:1533 arg1 galactose 1517:1525 galactose 1517:1525 galactose 1517:1525 Unlike the closely related type strains, CMAA 1533T can grow at 4 °C but not at 37 °C and was able to utilise adonitol and galactose as sole carbon sources. 29143212 11 77 theme sole 1530:1533 arg1 adonitol 1504:1511 adonitol 1504:1511 adonitol 1504:1511 Unlike the closely related type strains, CMAA 1533T can grow at 4 °C but not at 37 °C and was able to utilise adonitol and galactose as sole carbon sources. 29143212 11 77 theme sole 1530:1533 arg1 sources 1542:1548 sole carbon sources 1530:1548 sole carbon sources 1530:1548 Unlike the closely related type strains, CMAA 1533T can grow at 4 °C but not at 37 °C and was able to utilise adonitol and galactose as sole carbon sources. 26659616 11 0 theme rheological 1295:1305 arg1 properties 1307:1316 rheological properties 1295:1316 rheological properties 1295:1316 Once gelled, they demonstrate a high level of rheological properties and stability. 26659616 2 1 theme Designing 136:144 arg1 challenge 220:228 an important challenge 207:228 an important challenge for modern medicine 207:248 Designing new strategies to reduce infection and implant rejection are an important challenge for modern medicine. 26659616 2 1 theme Designing 136:144 arg1 strategies 150:159 Designing new strategies 136:159 Designing new strategies to reduce infection and implant rejection 136:201 Designing new strategies to reduce infection and implant rejection are an important challenge for modern medicine. 26659616 13 2 theme antimicrobial 1587:1599 arg1 activities 1601:1610 potent antimicrobial activities 1580:1610 potent antimicrobial activities against P. gingivalis 1580:1632 Moreover, the Cateslytin peptide in hydrogels exhibited potent antimicrobial activities against P. gingivalis, where a strong inhibition of bacterial metabolic activity and viability was observed, indicating reduced virulence. 26659616 7 3 theme biocompatible 955:967 arg1 polymer 969:975 a well-known biocompatible polymer 942:975 a well-known biocompatible polymer 942:975 The second type of gel we tested is a mixture of alginate catechol and thiol-terminated Pluronic (AC/PlubisSH), a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer. 26659616 4 4 theme hydrogels 484:492 arg1 types 466:470 two types 462:470 two types of original hydrogels containing the antimicrobial peptide Cateslytin 462:540 In this study, two types of original hydrogels containing the antimicrobial peptide Cateslytin have been designed. 26659616 4 5 theme antimicrobial 509:521 arg1 Cateslytin 531:540 the antimicrobial peptide Cateslytin 505:540 the antimicrobial peptide Cateslytin 505:540 In this study, two types of original hydrogels containing the antimicrobial peptide Cateslytin have been designed. 26659616 15 6 theme new 1830:1832 arg1 hydrogels 1834:1842 these new hydrogels 1824:1842 these new hydrogels 1824:1842 In conclusion, these new hydrogels could be ideal candidates in the prevention and/or management of periimplant diseases. 26659616 4 7 contain containing 494:503 arg2 Cateslytin 531:540 the antimicrobial peptide Cateslytin 505:540 the antimicrobial peptide Cateslytin 505:540 In this study, two types of original hydrogels containing the antimicrobial peptide Cateslytin have been designed. 26659616 4 7 contain containing 494:503 arg1 hydrogels 484:492 original hydrogels 475:492 original hydrogels containing the antimicrobial peptide Cateslytin 475:540 In this study, two types of original hydrogels containing the antimicrobial peptide Cateslytin have been designed. 26659616 7 8 theme alginate 846:853 arg1 polymer 911:917 a polymer 909:917 a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer 909:975 The second type of gel we tested is a mixture of alginate catechol and thiol-terminated Pluronic (AC/PlubisSH), a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer. 26659616 7 8 theme alginate 846:853 arg1 AC/PlubisSH 895:905 AC/PlubisSH 895:905 AC/PlubisSH 895:905 The second type of gel we tested is a mixture of alginate catechol and thiol-terminated Pluronic (AC/PlubisSH), a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer. 26659616 7 8 theme alginate 846:853 arg1 catechol 855:862 alginate catechol 846:862 alginate catechol 846:862 The second type of gel we tested is a mixture of alginate catechol and thiol-terminated Pluronic (AC/PlubisSH), a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer. 26659616 13 9 from peptide 1549:1555 arg1 hydrogels 1560:1568 hydrogels 1560:1568 hydrogels 1560:1568 Moreover, the Cateslytin peptide in hydrogels exhibited potent antimicrobial activities against P. gingivalis, where a strong inhibition of bacterial metabolic activity and viability was observed, indicating reduced virulence. 26659616 13 10 theme metabolic 1674:1682 arg1 activity 1684:1691 bacterial metabolic activity 1664:1691 bacterial metabolic activity 1664:1691 Moreover, the Cateslytin peptide in hydrogels exhibited potent antimicrobial activities against P. gingivalis, where a strong inhibition of bacterial metabolic activity and viability was observed, indicating reduced virulence. 26659616 7 11 dep type 808:811 arg1 tested 823:828 tested 823:828 tested 823:828 The second type of gel we tested is a mixture of alginate catechol and thiol-terminated Pluronic (AC/PlubisSH), a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer. 26659616 15 12 theme ideal 1853:1857 arg1 candidates 1859:1868 ideal candidates 1853:1868 ideal candidates 1853:1868 In conclusion, these new hydrogels could be ideal candidates in the prevention and/or management of periimplant diseases. 26659616 7 13 theme catechol 855:862 arg1 mixture 835:841 a mixture 833:841 a mixture of alginate catechol and thiol-terminated Pluronic (AC/PlubisSH), a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer 833:975 The second type of gel we tested is a mixture of alginate catechol and thiol-terminated Pluronic (AC/PlubisSH), a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer. 26659616 7 13 theme catechol 855:862 arg1 type 808:811 The second type 797:811 The second type of gel we tested 797:828 The second type of gel we tested is a mixture of alginate catechol and thiol-terminated Pluronic (AC/PlubisSH), a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer. 26659616 13 14 theme activity 1684:1691 arg1 inhibition 1650:1659 a strong inhibition 1641:1659 a strong inhibition of bacterial metabolic activity and viability 1641:1705 Moreover, the Cateslytin peptide in hydrogels exhibited potent antimicrobial activities against P. gingivalis, where a strong inhibition of bacterial metabolic activity and viability was observed, indicating reduced virulence. 26659616 12 15 theme dissipative 1352:1362 arg1 energy 1364:1369 the dissipative energy 1348:1369 the dissipative energy of the (AC/PlubisSH) gel detachment 1348:1405 In particular, the dissipative energy of the (AC/PlubisSH) gel detachment reaches a high value on gingiva (10 J.m-2) and on titanium alloys (4 J.m-2), conferring a strong mechanical barrier. 26659616 13 16 theme P. 1620:1621 arg1 gingivalis 1623:1632 P. gingivalis 1620:1632 P. gingivalis 1620:1632 Moreover, the Cateslytin peptide in hydrogels exhibited potent antimicrobial activities against P. gingivalis, where a strong inhibition of bacterial metabolic activity and viability was observed, indicating reduced virulence. 26659616 15 17 dep prevention 1877:1886 arg1 the 1873:1875 the 1873:1875 the 1873:1875 In conclusion, these new hydrogels could be ideal candidates in the prevention and/or management of periimplant diseases. 26659616 13 18 theme bacterial 1664:1672 arg1 activity 1684:1691 bacterial metabolic activity 1664:1691 bacterial metabolic activity 1664:1691 Moreover, the Cateslytin peptide in hydrogels exhibited potent antimicrobial activities against P. gingivalis, where a strong inhibition of bacterial metabolic activity and viability was observed, indicating reduced virulence. 26659616 9 19 dep clinical 1102:1109 arg1 uses 1111:1114 uses 1111:1114 uses 1111:1114 These two gels offer new clinical uses, as they can be injected and jellify in a few minutes. 26659616 14 20 theme biocompatibility 1755:1770 arg1 tests 1772:1776 Gel biocompatibility tests 1751:1776 Gel biocompatibility tests 1751:1776 Gel biocompatibility tests indicate no signs of toxicity. 26659616 3 21 theme antimicrobial 336:348 arg1 molecules 350:358 antimicrobial molecules 336:358 antimicrobial molecules destined to fight frequent infection found in moist environments like the oral cavity 336:444 To this end, in the last few years many hydrogels have been designed as matrices for antimicrobial molecules destined to fight frequent infection found in moist environments like the oral cavity. 26659616 15 22 from candidates 1859:1868 arg1 management 1895:1904 management 1895:1904 management 1895:1904 In conclusion, these new hydrogels could be ideal candidates in the prevention and/or management of periimplant diseases. 26659616 15 22 from candidates 1859:1868 arg1 conclusion 1812:1821 conclusion 1812:1821 conclusion 1812:1821 In conclusion, these new hydrogels could be ideal candidates in the prevention and/or management of periimplant diseases. 26659616 15 22 from candidates 1859:1868 arg1 prevention 1877:1886 prevention 1877:1886 prevention 1877:1886 In conclusion, these new hydrogels could be ideal candidates in the prevention and/or management of periimplant diseases. 26659616 5 23 theme catechol 616:623 arg1 moieties 625:632 catechol moieties 616:632 catechol moieties (AC gel) 616:641 The first hydrogel is based on alginate modified with catechol moieties (AC gel). 26659616 5 23 theme catechol 616:623 arg1 gel 638:640 AC gel 635:640 AC gel 635:640 The first hydrogel is based on alginate modified with catechol moieties (AC gel). 26659616 1 24 theme Implanted 86:94 arg1 devices 104:110 Implanted medical devices 86:110 Implanted medical devices 86:110 Implanted medical devices are prone to infection. 26659616 10 25 theme implant 1219:1225 arg1 surfaces 1227:1234 implant surfaces 1219:1234 implant surfaces 1219:1234 Moreover, we show these gels strongly adhere to implant surfaces and gingiva. 26659616 11 26 theme high 1281:1284 arg1 level 1286:1290 a high level 1279:1290 a high level of rheological properties and stability 1279:1330 Once gelled, they demonstrate a high level of rheological properties and stability. 26659616 0 27 theme Medical 50:56 arg1 Infection 75:83 Medical Implanted-Device Infection 50:83 Medical Implanted-Device Infection 50:83 Antibacterial Peptide-Based Gel for Prevention of Medical Implanted-Device Infection. 26659616 4 28 theme original 475:482 arg1 hydrogels 484:492 original hydrogels 475:492 original hydrogels containing the antimicrobial peptide Cateslytin 475:540 In this study, two types of original hydrogels containing the antimicrobial peptide Cateslytin have been designed. 26659616 8 29 theme PlubisSH 983:990 arg1 polymer 992:998 This PlubisSH polymer 978:998 This PlubisSH polymer 978:998 This PlubisSH polymer has been chosen for its capacity to enhance the cohesion of the composition. 26659616 1 30 theme medical 96:102 arg1 devices 104:110 Implanted medical devices 86:110 Implanted medical devices 86:110 Implanted medical devices are prone to infection. 26659616 0 31 theme Peptide-Based 14:26 arg1 Gel 28:30 Antibacterial Peptide-Based Gel 0:30 Antibacterial Peptide-Based Gel 0:30 Antibacterial Peptide-Based Gel for Prevention of Medical Implanted-Device Infection. 26659616 11 32 theme properties 1307:1316 arg1 level 1286:1290 a high level 1279:1290 a high level of rheological properties and stability 1279:1330 Once gelled, they demonstrate a high level of rheological properties and stability. 26659616 5 33 theme AC 635:636 arg1 moieties 625:632 catechol moieties 616:632 catechol moieties (AC gel) 616:641 The first hydrogel is based on alginate modified with catechol moieties (AC gel). 26659616 5 33 theme AC 635:636 arg1 gel 638:640 AC gel 635:640 AC gel 635:640 The first hydrogel is based on alginate modified with catechol moieties (AC gel). 26659616 6 34 theme various 779:785 arg1 surfaces 787:794 various surfaces 779:794 various surfaces 779:794 The choice of these catechol functional groups which derive from mussel's catechol originates from their strong adhesion properties on various surfaces. 26659616 6 35 theme groups 684:689 arg1 choice 648:653 The choice 644:653 The choice of these catechol functional groups which derive from mussel's catechol 644:725 The choice of these catechol functional groups which derive from mussel's catechol originates from their strong adhesion properties on various surfaces. 26659616 0 36 theme Antibacterial 0:12 arg1 Gel 28:30 Antibacterial Peptide-Based Gel 0:30 Antibacterial Peptide-Based Gel 0:30 Antibacterial Peptide-Based Gel for Prevention of Medical Implanted-Device Infection. 26659616 7 37 theme second 801:806 arg1 mixture 835:841 a mixture 833:841 a mixture of alginate catechol and thiol-terminated Pluronic (AC/PlubisSH), a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer 833:975 The second type of gel we tested is a mixture of alginate catechol and thiol-terminated Pluronic (AC/PlubisSH), a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer. 26659616 7 37 theme second 801:806 arg1 type 808:811 The second type 797:811 The second type of gel we tested 797:828 The second type of gel we tested is a mixture of alginate catechol and thiol-terminated Pluronic (AC/PlubisSH), a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer. 26659616 13 38 theme potent 1580:1585 arg1 activities 1601:1610 potent antimicrobial activities 1580:1610 potent antimicrobial activities against P. gingivalis 1580:1632 Moreover, the Cateslytin peptide in hydrogels exhibited potent antimicrobial activities against P. gingivalis, where a strong inhibition of bacterial metabolic activity and viability was observed, indicating reduced virulence. 26659616 9 39 theme few 1158:1160 arg1 minutes 1162:1168 a few minutes 1156:1168 a few minutes 1156:1168 These two gels offer new clinical uses, as they can be injected and jellify in a few minutes. 26659616 12 40 theme detachment 1396:1405 arg1 energy 1364:1369 the dissipative energy 1348:1369 the dissipative energy of the (AC/PlubisSH) gel detachment 1348:1405 In particular, the dissipative energy of the (AC/PlubisSH) gel detachment reaches a high value on gingiva (10 J.m-2) and on titanium alloys (4 J.m-2), conferring a strong mechanical barrier. 26659616 6 41 theme functional 673:682 arg1 groups 684:689 these catechol functional groups 658:689 these catechol functional groups 658:689 The choice of these catechol functional groups which derive from mussel's catechol originates from their strong adhesion properties on various surfaces. 26659616 3 42 theme oral 434:437 arg1 cavity 439:444 the oral cavity 430:444 the oral cavity 430:444 To this end, in the last few years many hydrogels have been designed as matrices for antimicrobial molecules destined to fight frequent infection found in moist environments like the oral cavity. 26659616 3 43 theme fight 372:376 arg1 infection 387:395 fight frequent infection 372:395 fight frequent infection found in moist environments like the oral cavity 372:444 To this end, in the last few years many hydrogels have been designed as matrices for antimicrobial molecules destined to fight frequent infection found in moist environments like the oral cavity. 26659616 2 44 dep strategies 150:159 arg1 reduce 164:169 reduce 164:169 reduce infection 164:179 Designing new strategies to reduce infection and implant rejection are an important challenge for modern medicine. 26659616 2 44 dep strategies 150:159 arg1 implant 185:191 implant 185:191 implant rejection 185:201 Designing new strategies to reduce infection and implant rejection are an important challenge for modern medicine. 26659616 3 45 theme few 276:278 arg1 years 280:284 the last few years 267:284 the last few years 267:284 To this end, in the last few years many hydrogels have been designed as matrices for antimicrobial molecules destined to fight frequent infection found in moist environments like the oral cavity. 26659616 7 46 theme Pluronic 932:939 arg1 polymer 969:975 a well-known biocompatible polymer 942:975 a well-known biocompatible polymer 942:975 The second type of gel we tested is a mixture of alginate catechol and thiol-terminated Pluronic (AC/PlubisSH), a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer. 26659616 6 47 theme catechol 664:671 arg1 groups 684:689 these catechol functional groups 658:689 these catechol functional groups 658:689 The choice of these catechol functional groups which derive from mussel's catechol originates from their strong adhesion properties on various surfaces. 26659616 13 48 theme strong 1643:1648 arg1 inhibition 1650:1659 a strong inhibition 1641:1659 a strong inhibition of bacterial metabolic activity and viability 1641:1705 Moreover, the Cateslytin peptide in hydrogels exhibited potent antimicrobial activities against P. gingivalis, where a strong inhibition of bacterial metabolic activity and viability was observed, indicating reduced virulence. 26659616 3 49 theme frequent 378:385 arg1 infection 387:395 fight frequent infection 372:395 fight frequent infection found in moist environments like the oral cavity 372:444 To this end, in the last few years many hydrogels have been designed as matrices for antimicrobial molecules destined to fight frequent infection found in moist environments like the oral cavity. 26659616 12 50 theme strong 1497:1502 arg1 barrier 1515:1521 a strong mechanical barrier 1495:1521 a strong mechanical barrier 1495:1521 In particular, the dissipative energy of the (AC/PlubisSH) gel detachment reaches a high value on gingiva (10 J.m-2) and on titanium alloys (4 J.m-2), conferring a strong mechanical barrier. 26659616 6 51 from properties 765:774 arg1 surfaces 787:794 various surfaces 779:794 various surfaces 779:794 The choice of these catechol functional groups which derive from mussel's catechol originates from their strong adhesion properties on various surfaces. 26659616 8 52 theme composition 1064:1074 arg1 cohesion 1048:1055 the cohesion 1044:1055 the cohesion of the composition 1044:1074 This PlubisSH polymer has been chosen for its capacity to enhance the cohesion of the composition. 26659616 12 53 theme high 1417:1420 arg1 value 1422:1426 a high value 1415:1426 a high value on gingiva (10 J.m-2) and on titanium alloys (4 J.m-2) 1415:1481 In particular, the dissipative energy of the (AC/PlubisSH) gel detachment reaches a high value on gingiva (10 J.m-2) and on titanium alloys (4 J.m-2), conferring a strong mechanical barrier. 26659616 7 54 theme gel 816:818 arg1 mixture 835:841 a mixture 833:841 a mixture of alginate catechol and thiol-terminated Pluronic (AC/PlubisSH), a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer 833:975 The second type of gel we tested is a mixture of alginate catechol and thiol-terminated Pluronic (AC/PlubisSH), a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer. 26659616 7 54 theme gel 816:818 arg1 type 808:811 The second type 797:811 The second type of gel we tested 797:828 The second type of gel we tested is a mixture of alginate catechol and thiol-terminated Pluronic (AC/PlubisSH), a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer. 26659616 15 55 theme periimplant 1909:1919 arg1 diseases 1921:1928 periimplant diseases 1909:1928 periimplant diseases 1909:1928 In conclusion, these new hydrogels could be ideal candidates in the prevention and/or management of periimplant diseases. 26659616 3 56 theme last 271:274 arg1 years 280:284 the last few years 267:284 the last few years 267:284 To this end, in the last few years many hydrogels have been designed as matrices for antimicrobial molecules destined to fight frequent infection found in moist environments like the oral cavity. 26659616 12 57 from value 1422:1426 arg1 J.m-2 1443:1447 10 J.m-2 1440:1447 10 J.m-2 1440:1447 In particular, the dissipative energy of the (AC/PlubisSH) gel detachment reaches a high value on gingiva (10 J.m-2) and on titanium alloys (4 J.m-2), conferring a strong mechanical barrier. 26659616 12 57 from value 1422:1426 arg1 J.m-2 1476:1480 4 J.m-2 1474:1480 4 J.m-2 1474:1480 In particular, the dissipative energy of the (AC/PlubisSH) gel detachment reaches a high value on gingiva (10 J.m-2) and on titanium alloys (4 J.m-2), conferring a strong mechanical barrier. 26659616 12 57 from value 1422:1426 arg1 alloys 1466:1471 titanium alloys 1457:1471 titanium alloys (4 J.m-2) 1457:1481 In particular, the dissipative energy of the (AC/PlubisSH) gel detachment reaches a high value on gingiva (10 J.m-2) and on titanium alloys (4 J.m-2), conferring a strong mechanical barrier. 26659616 12 57 from value 1422:1426 arg1 gingiva 1431:1437 gingiva 1431:1437 gingiva (10 J.m-2) 1431:1448 In particular, the dissipative energy of the (AC/PlubisSH) gel detachment reaches a high value on gingiva (10 J.m-2) and on titanium alloys (4 J.m-2), conferring a strong mechanical barrier. 26659616 6 58 theme adhesion 756:763 arg1 properties 765:774 their strong adhesion properties 743:774 their strong adhesion properties on various surfaces 743:794 The choice of these catechol functional groups which derive from mussel's catechol originates from their strong adhesion properties on various surfaces. 26659616 13 59 theme viability 1697:1705 arg1 inhibition 1650:1659 a strong inhibition 1641:1659 a strong inhibition of bacterial metabolic activity and viability 1641:1705 Moreover, the Cateslytin peptide in hydrogels exhibited potent antimicrobial activities against P. gingivalis, where a strong inhibition of bacterial metabolic activity and viability was observed, indicating reduced virulence. 26659616 0 60 theme Implanted-Device 58:73 arg1 Infection 75:83 Medical Implanted-Device Infection 50:83 Medical Implanted-Device Infection 50:83 Antibacterial Peptide-Based Gel for Prevention of Medical Implanted-Device Infection. 26659616 4 61 theme peptide 523:529 arg1 Cateslytin 531:540 the antimicrobial peptide Cateslytin 505:540 the antimicrobial peptide Cateslytin 505:540 In this study, two types of original hydrogels containing the antimicrobial peptide Cateslytin have been designed. 26659616 11 62 theme stability 1322:1330 arg1 level 1286:1290 a high level 1279:1290 a high level of rheological properties and stability 1279:1330 Once gelled, they demonstrate a high level of rheological properties and stability. 26659616 6 63 theme strong 749:754 arg1 properties 765:774 their strong adhesion properties 743:774 their strong adhesion properties on various surfaces 743:794 The choice of these catechol functional groups which derive from mussel's catechol originates from their strong adhesion properties on various surfaces. 26659616 3 64 theme moist 406:410 arg1 environments 412:423 moist environments 406:423 moist environments like the oral cavity 406:444 To this end, in the last few years many hydrogels have been designed as matrices for antimicrobial molecules destined to fight frequent infection found in moist environments like the oral cavity. 26659616 13 65 theme Cateslytin 1538:1547 arg1 peptide 1549:1555 the Cateslytin peptide 1534:1555 the Cateslytin peptide in hydrogels 1534:1568 Moreover, the Cateslytin peptide in hydrogels exhibited potent antimicrobial activities against P. gingivalis, where a strong inhibition of bacterial metabolic activity and viability was observed, indicating reduced virulence. 26659616 3 66 located found 397:401 arg1 environments 412:423 moist environments 406:423 moist environments like the oral cavity 406:444 To this end, in the last few years many hydrogels have been designed as matrices for antimicrobial molecules destined to fight frequent infection found in moist environments like the oral cavity. 26659616 3 66 located found 397:401 arg2 infection 387:395 fight frequent infection 372:395 fight frequent infection found in moist environments like the oral cavity 372:444 To this end, in the last few years many hydrogels have been designed as matrices for antimicrobial molecules destined to fight frequent infection found in moist environments like the oral cavity. 26659616 2 67 theme modern 234:239 arg1 medicine 241:248 modern medicine 234:248 modern medicine 234:248 Designing new strategies to reduce infection and implant rejection are an important challenge for modern medicine. 26659616 3 68 theme many 286:289 arg1 matrices 323:330 matrices 323:330 matrices for antimicrobial molecules destined to fight frequent infection found in moist environments like the oral cavity 323:444 To this end, in the last few years many hydrogels have been designed as matrices for antimicrobial molecules destined to fight frequent infection found in moist environments like the oral cavity. 26659616 3 68 theme many 286:289 arg1 hydrogels 291:299 many hydrogels 286:299 many hydrogels 286:299 To this end, in the last few years many hydrogels have been designed as matrices for antimicrobial molecules destined to fight frequent infection found in moist environments like the oral cavity. 26659616 12 69 theme gel 1392:1394 arg1 detachment 1396:1405 the (AC/PlubisSH) gel detachment 1374:1405 the (AC/PlubisSH) gel detachment 1374:1405 In particular, the dissipative energy of the (AC/PlubisSH) gel detachment reaches a high value on gingiva (10 J.m-2) and on titanium alloys (4 J.m-2), conferring a strong mechanical barrier. 26659616 15 70 theme diseases 1921:1928 arg1 prevention 1877:1886 prevention 1877:1886 prevention 1877:1886 In conclusion, these new hydrogels could be ideal candidates in the prevention and/or management of periimplant diseases. 26659616 5 71 theme first 566:570 arg1 hydrogel 572:579 The first hydrogel 562:579 The first hydrogel 562:579 The first hydrogel is based on alginate modified with catechol moieties (AC gel). 26659616 12 72 theme AC/PlubisSH 1379:1389 arg1 detachment 1396:1405 the (AC/PlubisSH) gel detachment 1374:1405 the (AC/PlubisSH) gel detachment 1374:1405 In particular, the dissipative energy of the (AC/PlubisSH) gel detachment reaches a high value on gingiva (10 J.m-2) and on titanium alloys (4 J.m-2), conferring a strong mechanical barrier. 26659616 2 73 theme important 210:218 arg1 challenge 220:228 an important challenge 207:228 an important challenge for modern medicine 207:248 Designing new strategies to reduce infection and implant rejection are an important challenge for modern medicine. 26659616 2 73 theme important 210:218 arg1 strategies 150:159 Designing new strategies 136:159 Designing new strategies to reduce infection and implant rejection 136:201 Designing new strategies to reduce infection and implant rejection are an important challenge for modern medicine. 26659616 0 74 dep Gel 28:30 arg1 Prevention 36:45 Prevention 36:45 Prevention of Medical Implanted-Device Infection 36:83 Antibacterial Peptide-Based Gel for Prevention of Medical Implanted-Device Infection. 26659616 14 75 theme toxicity 1799:1806 arg1 signs 1790:1794 no signs 1787:1794 no signs of toxicity 1787:1806 Gel biocompatibility tests indicate no signs of toxicity. 26659616 12 76 theme mechanical 1504:1513 arg1 barrier 1515:1521 a strong mechanical barrier 1495:1521 a strong mechanical barrier 1495:1521 In particular, the dissipative energy of the (AC/PlubisSH) gel detachment reaches a high value on gingiva (10 J.m-2) and on titanium alloys (4 J.m-2), conferring a strong mechanical barrier. 26659616 7 77 theme Pluronic 885:892 arg1 mixture 835:841 a mixture 833:841 a mixture of alginate catechol and thiol-terminated Pluronic (AC/PlubisSH), a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer 833:975 The second type of gel we tested is a mixture of alginate catechol and thiol-terminated Pluronic (AC/PlubisSH), a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer. 26659616 7 77 theme Pluronic 885:892 arg1 type 808:811 The second type 797:811 The second type of gel we tested 797:828 The second type of gel we tested is a mixture of alginate catechol and thiol-terminated Pluronic (AC/PlubisSH), a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer. 26659616 14 78 theme Gel 1751:1753 arg1 tests 1772:1776 Gel biocompatibility tests 1751:1776 Gel biocompatibility tests 1751:1776 Gel biocompatibility tests indicate no signs of toxicity. 26659616 0 79 theme Infection 75:83 arg1 Prevention 36:45 Prevention 36:45 Prevention of Medical Implanted-Device Infection 36:83 Antibacterial Peptide-Based Gel for Prevention of Medical Implanted-Device Infection. 26659616 2 80 theme new 146:148 arg1 challenge 220:228 an important challenge 207:228 an important challenge for modern medicine 207:248 Designing new strategies to reduce infection and implant rejection are an important challenge for modern medicine. 26659616 2 80 theme new 146:148 arg1 strategies 150:159 Designing new strategies 136:159 Designing new strategies to reduce infection and implant rejection 136:201 Designing new strategies to reduce infection and implant rejection are an important challenge for modern medicine. 26659616 13 81 theme reduced 1732:1738 arg1 virulence 1740:1748 reduced virulence 1732:1748 reduced virulence 1732:1748 Moreover, the Cateslytin peptide in hydrogels exhibited potent antimicrobial activities against P. gingivalis, where a strong inhibition of bacterial metabolic activity and viability was observed, indicating reduced virulence. 26659616 7 82 theme well-known 944:953 arg1 polymer 969:975 a well-known biocompatible polymer 942:975 a well-known biocompatible polymer 942:975 The second type of gel we tested is a mixture of alginate catechol and thiol-terminated Pluronic (AC/PlubisSH), a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer. 26659616 7 83 attach derived 919:925 arg1 polymer 969:975 a well-known biocompatible polymer 942:975 a well-known biocompatible polymer 942:975 The second type of gel we tested is a mixture of alginate catechol and thiol-terminated Pluronic (AC/PlubisSH), a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer. 26659616 7 83 attach derived 919:925 arg2 catechol 855:862 alginate catechol 846:862 alginate catechol 846:862 The second type of gel we tested is a mixture of alginate catechol and thiol-terminated Pluronic (AC/PlubisSH), a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer. 26659616 7 83 attach derived 919:925 arg2 polymer 911:917 a polymer 909:917 a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer 909:975 The second type of gel we tested is a mixture of alginate catechol and thiol-terminated Pluronic (AC/PlubisSH), a polymer derived from Pluronic, a well-known biocompatible polymer. 26659616 12 84 theme titanium 1457:1464 arg1 J.m-2 1476:1480 4 J.m-2 1474:1480 4 J.m-2 1474:1480 In particular, the dissipative energy of the (AC/PlubisSH) gel detachment reaches a high value on gingiva (10 J.m-2) and on titanium alloys (4 J.m-2), conferring a strong mechanical barrier. 26659616 12 84 theme titanium 1457:1464 arg1 alloys 1466:1471 titanium alloys 1457:1471 titanium alloys (4 J.m-2) 1457:1481 In particular, the dissipative energy of the (AC/PlubisSH) gel detachment reaches a high value on gingiva (10 J.m-2) and on titanium alloys (4 J.m-2), conferring a strong mechanical barrier. 26294902 17 0 theme  = KCTC 1942:1948 arg1 DCY95T 1934:1939 DCY95T 1934:1939 DCY95T ( = KCTC 33581T = DSM 29477T) 1934:1969 The type strain is DCY95T ( = KCTC 33581T = DSM 29477T). 26294902 17 0 theme  = KCTC 1942:1948 arg1 29477T 1963:1968  = KCTC 33581T = DSM 29477T 1942:1968  = KCTC 33581T = DSM 29477T 1942:1968 The type strain is DCY95T ( = KCTC 33581T = DSM 29477T). 26294902 3 1 theme 16S 204:206 arg1 rRNA 208:211 16S rRNA 204:211 16S rRNA 204:211 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 12 2 theme DNA 1235:1237 arg1 content 1243:1249 The genomic DNA G+C content 1223:1249 The genomic DNA G+C content 1223:1249 The genomic DNA G+C content was 60.7 ± 0.9 mol%. 26294902 12 2 theme DNA 1235:1237 arg1 % 1269:1269 60.7 ± 0.9 mol% 1255:1269 60.7 ± 0.9 mol% 1255:1269 The genomic DNA G+C content was 60.7 ± 0.9 mol%. 26294902 8 3 contain contained 881:889 arg2 acid 931:934 the diamino acid 919:934 the diamino acid 919:934 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diamonopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 26294902 8 3 contain contained 881:889 arg1 peptidoglycan 867:879 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 853:879 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 853:879 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diamonopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 26294902 8 3 contain contained 881:889 arg2 acid 911:914 meso-diamonopimelic acid 891:914 meso-diamonopimelic acid 891:914 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diamonopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 26294902 15 4 theme recognized 1680:1689 arg1 species 1691:1697 any recognized species 1676:1697 any recognized species 1676:1697 The low DNA relatedness data in combination with phylogenetic and (GTG)5-PCR analyses, as well as biochemical tests, indicated that strain DCY95T could not be assigned to any recognized species. 26294902 7 5 theme diagnostic 829:838 arg1 MK-7 816:819 MK-7 816:819 MK-7 816:819 MK-7 was the diagnostic menaquinone. 26294902 7 5 theme diagnostic 829:838 arg1 menaquinone 840:850 the diagnostic menaquinone 825:850 the diagnostic menaquinone 825:850 MK-7 was the diagnostic menaquinone. 26294902 14 6 theme NBRC 1470:1473 arg1 108766T 1475:1481 P. taihuensis NBRC 108766T 1456:1481 P. taihuensis NBRC 108766T 1456:1481 However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain DCY95T and P. sacheonensis KACC 14895T or P. taihuensis NBRC 108766T were lower than 36 %. 26294902 2 7 theme ginseng-cultivated 132:149 arg1 soil 151:154 ginseng-cultivated soil 132:154 ginseng-cultivated soil in Quang Nam province, Vietnam 132:185 A novel bacterium, designated DCY95T, was isolated from ginseng-cultivated soil in Quang Nam province, Vietnam. 26294902 14 8 theme P. 1456:1457 arg1 108766T 1475:1481 P. taihuensis NBRC 108766T 1456:1481 P. taihuensis NBRC 108766T 1456:1481 However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain DCY95T and P. sacheonensis KACC 14895T or P. taihuensis NBRC 108766T were lower than 36 %. 26294902 5 9 theme Strain 584:589 arg1 DCY95T 591:596 Strain DCY95T 584:596 Strain DCY95T 584:596 Strain DCY95T was Gram-reaction-negative, catalase-negative, oxidase-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 26294902 6 10 theme free 750:753 arg1 spores 755:760 Ellipsoidal free spores 738:760 Ellipsoidal free spores 738:760 Ellipsoidal free spores or subterminal endospores were produced in sporangia. 26294902 4 11 theme Paenibacillus 569:581 arg1 genus 563:567 the genus Paenibacillus 559:581 the genus Paenibacillus 559:581 The partial gyrB gene of DCY95T possessed 69.6-83.9 % sequence identity to those of other members of the genus Paenibacillus. 26294902 3 12 dep rRNA 208:211 arg1 basis 195:199 basis 195:199 basis 195:199 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 3 12 dep rRNA 208:211 arg1 analysis 236:243 sequence analysis 227:243 sequence analysis 227:243 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 3 12 dep rRNA 208:211 arg1 the 191:193 the 191:193 the 191:193 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 16 13 theme name 1870:1873 arg1 panaciterrae 1889:1900 the name Paenibacillus panaciterrae 1866:1900 the name Paenibacillus panaciterrae 1866:1900 In conclusion, the results in this study support the classification of strain DCY95T as a representative of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus panaciterrae is proposed. 26294902 13 14 theme strain 1317:1322 arg1 DCY95T 1324:1329 strain DCY95T 1317:1329 strain DCY95T 1317:1329 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic results placed strain DCY95T within the genus Paenibacillus. 26294902 13 15 theme Paenibacillus 1348:1360 arg1 genus 1342:1346 the genus Paenibacillus 1338:1360 the genus Paenibacillus 1338:1360 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic results placed strain DCY95T within the genus Paenibacillus. 26294902 14 16 theme P. 1425:1426 arg1 14895T 1446:1451 P. sacheonensis KACC 14895T 1425:1451 P. sacheonensis KACC 14895T 1425:1451 However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain DCY95T and P. sacheonensis KACC 14895T or P. taihuensis NBRC 108766T were lower than 36 %. 26294902 5 17 theme peritrichous 715:726 arg1 flagella 728:735 peritrichous flagella 715:735 peritrichous flagella 715:735 Strain DCY95T was Gram-reaction-negative, catalase-negative, oxidase-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 26294902 16 18 theme novel 1810:1814 arg1 species 1816:1822 a novel species 1808:1822 a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus panaciterrae is proposed 1808:1912 In conclusion, the results in this study support the classification of strain DCY95T as a representative of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus panaciterrae is proposed. 26294902 14 19 theme relatedness 1380:1390 arg1 values 1392:1397 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1372:1397 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain DCY95T and P. sacheonensis KACC 14895T or P. taihuensis NBRC 108766T 1372:1481 However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain DCY95T and P. sacheonensis KACC 14895T or P. taihuensis NBRC 108766T were lower than 36 %. 26294902 3 20 theme sequence 389:396 arg1 similarity 398:407 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 368:407 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 368:407 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 3 20 theme sequence 389:396 arg1 SY01T 361:365 Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T 334:365 Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 334:408 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 11 21 theme unidentified 1154:1165 arg1 aminophospholipids 1167:1184 three unidentified aminophospholipids 1148:1184 three unidentified aminophospholipids 1148:1184 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, and two unidentified phospholipids. 26294902 3 22 theme sacheonensis 348:359 arg1 similarity 398:407 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 368:407 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 368:407 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 3 22 theme sacheonensis 348:359 arg1 SY01T 361:365 Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T 334:365 Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 334:408 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 3 23 theme rRNA 379:382 arg1 similarity 398:407 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 368:407 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 368:407 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 3 23 theme rRNA 379:382 arg1 SY01T 361:365 Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T 334:365 Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 334:408 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 0 24 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 27:28 Paenibacillus panaciterrae sp 0:28 Paenibacillus panaciterrae sp. 0:29 Paenibacillus panaciterrae sp. 26294902 14 25 theme strain 1407:1412 arg1 DCY95T 1414:1419 strain DCY95T 1407:1419 strain DCY95T 1407:1419 However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain DCY95T and P. sacheonensis KACC 14895T or P. taihuensis NBRC 108766T were lower than 36 %. 26294902 8 26 theme meso-diamonopimelic 891:909 arg1 acid 931:934 the diamino acid 919:934 the diamino acid 919:934 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diamonopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 26294902 8 26 theme meso-diamonopimelic 891:909 arg1 acid 911:914 meso-diamonopimelic acid 891:914 meso-diamonopimelic acid 891:914 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diamonopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 26294902 14 27 dep P. 1456:1457 arg1 taihuensis 1459:1468 taihuensis 1459:1468 taihuensis 1459:1468 However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain DCY95T and P. sacheonensis KACC 14895T or P. taihuensis NBRC 108766T were lower than 36 %. 26294902 3 28 theme Paenibacillus 414:426 arg1 THMBG22T 439:446 Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T 414:446 Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %) 414:455 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 3 28 theme Paenibacillus 414:426 arg1 % 454:454 96.4 % 449:454 96.4 % 449:454 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 3 29 theme % 373:373 arg1 similarity 398:407 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 368:407 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 368:407 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 3 29 theme % 373:373 arg1 SY01T 361:365 Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T 334:365 Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 334:408 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 4 30 theme % 510:510 arg1 identity 521:528 69.6-83.9 % sequence identity 500:528 69.6-83.9 % sequence identity 500:528 The partial gyrB gene of DCY95T possessed 69.6-83.9 % sequence identity to those of other members of the genus Paenibacillus. 26294902 16 31 theme strain 1771:1776 arg1 DCY95T 1778:1783 strain DCY95T 1771:1783 strain DCY95T 1771:1783 In conclusion, the results in this study support the classification of strain DCY95T as a representative of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus panaciterrae is proposed. 26294902 8 32 theme diamino 923:929 arg1 acid 931:934 the diamino acid 919:934 the diamino acid 919:934 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diamonopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 26294902 8 32 theme diamino 923:929 arg1 acid 911:914 meso-diamonopimelic acid 891:914 meso-diamonopimelic acid 891:914 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diamonopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 26294902 4 33 theme gyrB 470:473 arg1 gene 475:478 The partial gyrB gene 458:478 The partial gyrB gene of DCY95T 458:488 The partial gyrB gene of DCY95T possessed 69.6-83.9 % sequence identity to those of other members of the genus Paenibacillus. 26294902 2 34 theme Quang 159:163 arg1 province 169:176 Quang Nam province 159:176 Quang Nam province 159:176 A novel bacterium, designated DCY95T, was isolated from ginseng-cultivated soil in Quang Nam province, Vietnam. 26294902 2 34 theme Quang 159:163 arg1 Vietnam 179:185 Vietnam 179:185 Vietnam 179:185 A novel bacterium, designated DCY95T, was isolated from ginseng-cultivated soil in Quang Nam province, Vietnam. 26294902 11 35 theme polar 1082:1086 arg1 lipids 1088:1093 The major polar lipids 1072:1093 The major polar lipids 1072:1093 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, and two unidentified phospholipids. 26294902 11 35 theme polar 1082:1086 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1100:1123 phosphatidylethanolamine 1100:1123 phosphatidylethanolamine 1100:1123 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, and two unidentified phospholipids. 26294902 12 36 theme G+C 1239:1241 arg1 content 1243:1249 The genomic DNA G+C content 1223:1249 The genomic DNA G+C content 1223:1249 The genomic DNA G+C content was 60.7 ± 0.9 mol%. 26294902 12 36 theme G+C 1239:1241 arg1 % 1269:1269 60.7 ± 0.9 mol% 1255:1269 60.7 ± 0.9 mol% 1255:1269 The genomic DNA G+C content was 60.7 ± 0.9 mol%. 26294902 16 37 from results 1719:1725 arg1 study 1735:1739 this study 1730:1739 this study 1730:1739 In conclusion, the results in this study support the classification of strain DCY95T as a representative of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus panaciterrae is proposed. 26294902 10 38 theme major 998:1002 arg1  0 1043:1044  0 1043:1044  0 1043:1044 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26294902 10 38 theme major 998:1002 arg1 anteiso-C15  1030:1041 anteiso-C15  1030:1041 anteiso-C15  1030:1041 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26294902 10 38 theme major 998:1002 arg1 acids 1019:1023 The major cellular fatty acids 994:1023 The major cellular fatty acids 994:1023 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26294902 4 39 theme other 542:546 arg1 members 548:554 other members 542:554 other members of the genus Paenibacillus 542:581 The partial gyrB gene of DCY95T possessed 69.6-83.9 % sequence identity to those of other members of the genus Paenibacillus. 26294902 15 40 theme relatedness 1517:1527 arg1 data 1529:1532 The low DNA relatedness data 1505:1532 The low DNA relatedness data in combination with phylogenetic and (GTG)5-PCR analyses 1505:1589 The low DNA relatedness data in combination with phylogenetic and (GTG)5-PCR analyses, as well as biochemical tests, indicated that strain DCY95T could not be assigned to any recognized species. 26294902 2 41 attach isolated 118:125 arg2 bacterium 84:92 A novel bacterium 76:92 A novel bacterium 76:92 A novel bacterium, designated DCY95T, was isolated from ginseng-cultivated soil in Quang Nam province, Vietnam. 26294902 2 41 attach isolated 118:125 arg1 soil 151:154 ginseng-cultivated soil 132:154 ginseng-cultivated soil in Quang Nam province, Vietnam 132:185 A novel bacterium, designated DCY95T, was isolated from ginseng-cultivated soil in Quang Nam province, Vietnam. 26294902 15 42 from data 1529:1532 arg1 combination 1537:1547 combination 1537:1547 combination with phylogenetic and (GTG)5-PCR analyses 1537:1589 The low DNA relatedness data in combination with phylogenetic and (GTG)5-PCR analyses, as well as biochemical tests, indicated that strain DCY95T could not be assigned to any recognized species. 26294902 15 43 theme biochemical 1603:1613 arg1 tests 1615:1619 biochemical tests 1603:1619 biochemical tests 1603:1619 The low DNA relatedness data in combination with phylogenetic and (GTG)5-PCR analyses, as well as biochemical tests, indicated that strain DCY95T could not be assigned to any recognized species. 26294902 17 44 theme 33581T = DSM 1950:1961 arg1 DCY95T 1934:1939 DCY95T 1934:1939 DCY95T ( = KCTC 33581T = DSM 29477T) 1934:1969 The type strain is DCY95T ( = KCTC 33581T = DSM 29477T). 26294902 17 44 theme 33581T = DSM 1950:1961 arg1 29477T 1963:1968  = KCTC 33581T = DSM 29477T 1942:1968  = KCTC 33581T = DSM 29477T 1942:1968 The type strain is DCY95T ( = KCTC 33581T = DSM 29477T). 26294902 12 45 theme genomic 1227:1233 arg1 content 1243:1249 The genomic DNA G+C content 1223:1249 The genomic DNA G+C content 1223:1249 The genomic DNA G+C content was 60.7 ± 0.9 mol%. 26294902 12 45 theme genomic 1227:1233 arg1 % 1269:1269 60.7 ± 0.9 mol% 1255:1269 60.7 ± 0.9 mol% 1255:1269 The genomic DNA G+C content was 60.7 ± 0.9 mol%. 26294902 9 46 theme Whole-cell 937:946 arg1 sugars 948:953 Whole-cell sugars 937:953 Whole-cell sugars 937:953 Whole-cell sugars comprised ribose, mannose and glucose. 26294902 14 47 dep P. 1425:1426 arg1 sacheonensis 1428:1439 sacheonensis 1428:1439 sacheonensis 1428:1439 However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain DCY95T and P. sacheonensis KACC 14895T or P. taihuensis NBRC 108766T were lower than 36 %. 26294902 15 48 theme 5-PCR 1576:1580 arg1 analyses 1582:1589 (GTG)5-PCR analyses 1571:1589 (GTG)5-PCR analyses 1571:1589 The low DNA relatedness data in combination with phylogenetic and (GTG)5-PCR analyses, as well as biochemical tests, indicated that strain DCY95T could not be assigned to any recognized species. 26294902 6 49 theme subterminal 765:775 arg1 endospores 777:786 subterminal endospores 765:786 subterminal endospores 765:786 Ellipsoidal free spores or subterminal endospores were produced in sporangia. 26294902 16 50 theme Paenibacillus 1841:1853 arg1 genus 1835:1839 the genus Paenibacillus 1831:1853 the genus Paenibacillus 1831:1853 In conclusion, the results in this study support the classification of strain DCY95T as a representative of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus panaciterrae is proposed. 26294902 3 51 theme sequence 227:234 arg1 analysis 236:243 sequence analysis 227:243 sequence analysis 227:243 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 15 52 theme GTG 1572:1574 arg1 analyses 1582:1589 (GTG)5-PCR analyses 1571:1589 (GTG)5-PCR analyses 1571:1589 The low DNA relatedness data in combination with phylogenetic and (GTG)5-PCR analyses, as well as biochemical tests, indicated that strain DCY95T could not be assigned to any recognized species. 26294902 3 53 theme gyrB 217:220 arg1 gene 222:225 gyrB gene 217:225 gyrB gene 217:225 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 15 54 with combination 1537:1547 arg1 phylogenetic 1554:1565 phylogenetic 1554:1565 phylogenetic 1554:1565 The low DNA relatedness data in combination with phylogenetic and (GTG)5-PCR analyses, as well as biochemical tests, indicated that strain DCY95T could not be assigned to any recognized species. 26294902 15 54 with combination 1537:1547 arg1 analyses 1582:1589 (GTG)5-PCR analyses 1571:1589 (GTG)5-PCR analyses 1571:1589 The low DNA relatedness data in combination with phylogenetic and (GTG)5-PCR analyses, as well as biochemical tests, indicated that strain DCY95T could not be assigned to any recognized species. 26294902 6 55 theme Ellipsoidal 738:748 arg1 spores 755:760 Ellipsoidal free spores 738:760 Ellipsoidal free spores 738:760 Ellipsoidal free spores or subterminal endospores were produced in sporangia. 26294902 4 56 contain possessed 490:498 arg2 identity 521:528 69.6-83.9 % sequence identity 500:528 69.6-83.9 % sequence identity 500:528 The partial gyrB gene of DCY95T possessed 69.6-83.9 % sequence identity to those of other members of the genus Paenibacillus. 26294902 4 56 contain possessed 490:498 arg1 gene 475:478 The partial gyrB gene 458:478 The partial gyrB gene of DCY95T 458:488 The partial gyrB gene of DCY95T possessed 69.6-83.9 % sequence identity to those of other members of the genus Paenibacillus. 26294902 14 57 theme KACC 1441:1444 arg1 14895T 1446:1451 P. sacheonensis KACC 14895T 1425:1451 P. sacheonensis KACC 14895T 1425:1451 However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain DCY95T and P. sacheonensis KACC 14895T or P. taihuensis NBRC 108766T were lower than 36 %. 26294902 4 58 theme genus 563:567 arg1 members 548:554 other members 542:554 other members of the genus Paenibacillus 542:581 The partial gyrB gene of DCY95T possessed 69.6-83.9 % sequence identity to those of other members of the genus Paenibacillus. 26294902 16 59 theme Paenibacillus 1875:1887 arg1 panaciterrae 1889:1900 the name Paenibacillus panaciterrae 1866:1900 the name Paenibacillus panaciterrae 1866:1900 In conclusion, the results in this study support the classification of strain DCY95T as a representative of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus panaciterrae is proposed. 26294902 17 60 theme type 1919:1922 arg1 DCY95T 1934:1939 DCY95T 1934:1939 DCY95T ( = KCTC 33581T = DSM 29477T) 1934:1969 The type strain is DCY95T ( = KCTC 33581T = DSM 29477T). 26294902 17 60 theme type 1919:1922 arg1 strain 1924:1929 The type strain 1915:1929 The type strain 1915:1929 The type strain is DCY95T ( = KCTC 33581T = DSM 29477T). 26294902 10 61 theme fatty 1013:1017 arg1  0 1043:1044  0 1043:1044  0 1043:1044 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26294902 10 61 theme fatty 1013:1017 arg1 anteiso-C15  1030:1041 anteiso-C15  1030:1041 anteiso-C15  1030:1041 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26294902 10 61 theme fatty 1013:1017 arg1 acids 1019:1023 The major cellular fatty acids 994:1023 The major cellular fatty acids 994:1023 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26294902 2 62 from soil 151:154 arg1 province 169:176 Quang Nam province 159:176 Quang Nam province 159:176 A novel bacterium, designated DCY95T, was isolated from ginseng-cultivated soil in Quang Nam province, Vietnam. 26294902 2 62 from soil 151:154 arg1 Vietnam 179:185 Vietnam 179:185 Vietnam 179:185 A novel bacterium, designated DCY95T, was isolated from ginseng-cultivated soil in Quang Nam province, Vietnam. 26294902 2 63 theme novel 78:82 arg1 bacterium 84:92 A novel bacterium 76:92 A novel bacterium 76:92 A novel bacterium, designated DCY95T, was isolated from ginseng-cultivated soil in Quang Nam province, Vietnam. 26294902 10 64 dep  0 1043:1044 arg1  0 1068:1069  0 1068:1069  0 1068:1069 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26294902 10 64 dep  0 1043:1044 arg1 C16  1063:1066 C16  1063:1066 C16  1063:1066 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26294902 10 64 dep  0 1043:1044 arg1  0 1056:1057  0 1056:1057  0 1056:1057 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26294902 15 65 theme low 1509:1511 arg1 data 1529:1532 The low DNA relatedness data 1505:1532 The low DNA relatedness data in combination with phylogenetic and (GTG)5-PCR analyses 1505:1589 The low DNA relatedness data in combination with phylogenetic and (GTG)5-PCR analyses, as well as biochemical tests, indicated that strain DCY95T could not be assigned to any recognized species. 26294902 16 66 theme species 1816:1822 arg1 classification 1753:1766 the classification 1749:1766 the classification of strain DCY95T 1749:1783 In conclusion, the results in this study support the classification of strain DCY95T as a representative of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus panaciterrae is proposed. 26294902 16 66 theme species 1816:1822 arg1 representative 1790:1803 a representative 1788:1803 a representative of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus panaciterrae is proposed 1788:1912 In conclusion, the results in this study support the classification of strain DCY95T as a representative of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus panaciterrae is proposed. 26294902 15 67 from tests 1615:1619 arg1 combination 1537:1547 combination 1537:1547 combination with phylogenetic and (GTG)5-PCR analyses 1537:1589 The low DNA relatedness data in combination with phylogenetic and (GTG)5-PCR analyses, as well as biochemical tests, indicated that strain DCY95T could not be assigned to any recognized species. 26294902 3 68 theme Paenibacillus 285:297 arg1 genus 279:283 the genus Paenibacillus 275:297 the genus Paenibacillus 275:297 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 4 69 theme partial 462:468 arg1 gene 475:478 The partial gyrB gene 458:478 The partial gyrB gene of DCY95T 458:488 The partial gyrB gene of DCY95T possessed 69.6-83.9 % sequence identity to those of other members of the genus Paenibacillus. 26294902 13 70 theme Phenotypic 1272:1281 arg1 results 1302:1308 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic results 1272:1308 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic results 1272:1308 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic results placed strain DCY95T within the genus Paenibacillus. 26294902 1 71 theme ginseng-cultivated 51:68 arg1 soil 70:73 ginseng-cultivated soil 51:73 ginseng-cultivated soil 51:73 nov., isolated from ginseng-cultivated soil. 26294902 10 72 dep anteiso-C15  1030:1041 arg1  0 1043:1044  0 1043:1044  0 1043:1044 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26294902 10 72 dep anteiso-C15  1030:1041 arg1 anteiso-C15  1030:1041 anteiso-C15  1030:1041 anteiso-C15  1030:1041 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26294902 10 72 dep anteiso-C15  1030:1041 arg1 acids 1019:1023 The major cellular fatty acids 994:1023 The major cellular fatty acids 994:1023 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26294902 14 73 theme DNA-DNA 1372:1378 arg1 values 1392:1397 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1372:1397 DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain DCY95T and P. sacheonensis KACC 14895T or P. taihuensis NBRC 108766T 1372:1481 However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain DCY95T and P. sacheonensis KACC 14895T or P. taihuensis NBRC 108766T were lower than 36 %. 26294902 0 74 theme panaciterrae 14:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Paenibacillus panaciterrae sp 0:28 Paenibacillus panaciterrae sp. 0:29 Paenibacillus panaciterrae sp. 26294902 11 75 theme unidentified 1195:1206 arg1 phospholipids 1208:1220 two unidentified phospholipids 1191:1220 two unidentified phospholipids 1191:1220 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, and two unidentified phospholipids. 26294902 8 76 theme cell-wall 857:865 arg1 peptidoglycan 867:879 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 853:879 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 853:879 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diamonopimelic acid as the diamino acid. 26294902 4 77 theme 69.6-83.9  500:509 arg1 % 510:510 % 510:510 % 510:510 The partial gyrB gene of DCY95T possessed 69.6-83.9 % sequence identity to those of other members of the genus Paenibacillus. 26294902 3 78 theme gene 384:387 arg1 similarity 398:407 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 368:407 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 368:407 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 3 78 theme gene 384:387 arg1 SY01T 361:365 Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T 334:365 Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 334:408 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 3 79 theme Paenibacillus 334:346 arg1 similarity 398:407 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 368:407 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 368:407 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 3 79 theme Paenibacillus 334:346 arg1 SY01T 361:365 Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T 334:365 Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 334:408 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 4 80 theme sequence 512:519 arg1 identity 521:528 69.6-83.9 % sequence identity 500:528 69.6-83.9 % sequence identity 500:528 The partial gyrB gene of DCY95T possessed 69.6-83.9 % sequence identity to those of other members of the genus Paenibacillus. 26294902 13 81 theme chemotaxonomic 1287:1300 arg1 results 1302:1308 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic results 1272:1308 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic results 1272:1308 Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic results placed strain DCY95T within the genus Paenibacillus. 26294902 3 82 theme taihuensis 428:437 arg1 THMBG22T 439:446 Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T 414:446 Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %) 414:455 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 3 82 theme taihuensis 428:437 arg1 % 454:454 96.4 % 449:454 96.4 % 449:454 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 3 83 theme 16S 375:377 arg1 similarity 398:407 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 368:407 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 368:407 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 3 83 theme 16S 375:377 arg1 SY01T 361:365 Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T 334:365 Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 334:408 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 2 84 theme Nam 165:167 arg1 province 169:176 Quang Nam province 159:176 Quang Nam province 159:176 A novel bacterium, designated DCY95T, was isolated from ginseng-cultivated soil in Quang Nam province, Vietnam. 26294902 2 84 theme Nam 165:167 arg1 Vietnam 179:185 Vietnam 179:185 Vietnam 179:185 A novel bacterium, designated DCY95T, was isolated from ginseng-cultivated soil in Quang Nam province, Vietnam. 26294902 15 85 theme strain 1637:1642 arg1 DCY95T 1644:1649 strain DCY95T 1637:1649 strain DCY95T 1637:1649 The low DNA relatedness data in combination with phylogenetic and (GTG)5-PCR analyses, as well as biochemical tests, indicated that strain DCY95T could not be assigned to any recognized species. 26294902 11 86 theme major 1076:1080 arg1 lipids 1088:1093 The major polar lipids 1072:1093 The major polar lipids 1072:1093 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, and two unidentified phospholipids. 26294902 11 86 theme major 1076:1080 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1100:1123 phosphatidylethanolamine 1100:1123 phosphatidylethanolamine 1100:1123 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, and two unidentified phospholipids. 26294902 3 87 theme 97.1  368:372 arg1 % 373:373 % 373:373 % 373:373 On the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, this isolate was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus and found to be closely related to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01T (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus taihuensis THMBG22T (96.4 %). 26294902 4 88 theme DCY95T 483:488 arg1 gene 475:478 The partial gyrB gene 458:478 The partial gyrB gene of DCY95T 458:488 The partial gyrB gene of DCY95T possessed 69.6-83.9 % sequence identity to those of other members of the genus Paenibacillus. 26294902 16 89 theme DCY95T 1778:1783 arg1 classification 1753:1766 the classification 1749:1766 the classification of strain DCY95T 1749:1783 In conclusion, the results in this study support the classification of strain DCY95T as a representative of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus panaciterrae is proposed. 26294902 16 89 theme DCY95T 1778:1783 arg1 representative 1790:1803 a representative 1788:1803 a representative of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus panaciterrae is proposed 1788:1912 In conclusion, the results in this study support the classification of strain DCY95T as a representative of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus panaciterrae is proposed. 26294902 10 90 theme cellular 1004:1011 arg1  0 1043:1044  0 1043:1044  0 1043:1044 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26294902 10 90 theme cellular 1004:1011 arg1 anteiso-C15  1030:1041 anteiso-C15  1030:1041 anteiso-C15  1030:1041 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26294902 10 90 theme cellular 1004:1011 arg1 acids 1019:1023 The major cellular fatty acids 994:1023 The major cellular fatty acids 994:1023 The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. 26294902 12 91 theme 60.7 ± 0.9 mol 1255:1268 arg1 content 1243:1249 The genomic DNA G+C content 1223:1249 The genomic DNA G+C content 1223:1249 The genomic DNA G+C content was 60.7 ± 0.9 mol%. 26294902 12 91 theme 60.7 ± 0.9 mol 1255:1268 arg1 % 1269:1269 60.7 ± 0.9 mol% 1255:1269 60.7 ± 0.9 mol% 1255:1269 The genomic DNA G+C content was 60.7 ± 0.9 mol%. 26294902 15 92 theme DNA 1513:1515 arg1 data 1529:1532 The low DNA relatedness data 1505:1532 The low DNA relatedness data in combination with phylogenetic and (GTG)5-PCR analyses 1505:1589 The low DNA relatedness data in combination with phylogenetic and (GTG)5-PCR analyses, as well as biochemical tests, indicated that strain DCY95T could not be assigned to any recognized species. 26294902 5 93 dep Gram-reaction-negative 602:623 arg1 aerobic 672:678 aerobic 672:678 aerobic 672:678 Strain DCY95T was Gram-reaction-negative, catalase-negative, oxidase-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 25862387 7 0 theme diamino 1046:1052 arg1 acid 1054:1057 The diagnostic diamino acid 1031:1057 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 1031:1078 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25862387 7 0 theme diamino 1046:1052 arg1 acid 1104:1107 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1084:1107 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1084:1107 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25862387 10 1 theme lipids 1359:1364 arg1 amounts 1300:1306 major amounts 1294:1306 major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids not containing a phosphate group, an amino group or a sugar residue 1294:1432 Additionally, major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids not containing a phosphate group, an amino group or a sugar residue were detected. 25862387 10 1 theme lipids 1359:1364 arg1 lipids 1359:1364 two unidentified lipids 1342:1364 two unidentified lipids 1342:1364 Additionally, major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids not containing a phosphate group, an amino group or a sugar residue were detected. 25862387 10 1 theme lipids 1359:1364 arg1 aminolipid 1327:1336 an unidentified aminolipid 1311:1336 an unidentified aminolipid 1311:1336 Additionally, major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids not containing a phosphate group, an amino group or a sugar residue were detected. 25862387 10 2 contain containing 1370:1379 arg2 residue 1426:1432 a sugar residue 1418:1432 a sugar residue 1418:1432 Additionally, major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids not containing a phosphate group, an amino group or a sugar residue were detected. 25862387 10 2 contain containing 1370:1379 arg2 group 1393:1397 a phosphate group 1381:1397 a phosphate group 1381:1397 Additionally, major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids not containing a phosphate group, an amino group or a sugar residue were detected. 25862387 10 2 contain containing 1370:1379 arg2 group 1409:1413 an amino group 1400:1413 an amino group 1400:1413 Additionally, major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids not containing a phosphate group, an amino group or a sugar residue were detected. 25862387 10 2 contain containing 1370:1379 arg1 aminolipid 1327:1336 an unidentified aminolipid 1311:1336 an unidentified aminolipid 1311:1336 Additionally, major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids not containing a phosphate group, an amino group or a sugar residue were detected. 25862387 2 3 theme orange-pigmented 119:134 arg1 bacterium 172:180 An orange-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium 116:180 An orange-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium 116:180 An orange-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was isolated from the brood pouch of a diseased seahorse male of the species Hippocampus barbouri from the animal facility of the University of Giessen, Germany. 25862387 6 4 from pattern 986:992 arg1 predominant 1018:1028 predominant 1018:1028 predominant 1018:1028 In the polyamine pattern, sym-homospermidine was predominant. 25862387 1 5 theme Seahorse 83:90 arg1 pouch 53:57 the brood pouch 43:57 the brood pouch of a diseased Barbour's Seahorse (Hippocampus barbouri) 43:113 nov., isolated from the brood pouch of a diseased Barbour's Seahorse (Hippocampus barbouri). 25862387 4 6 theme sequence 618:625 arg1 similarity 627:636 only 92.2-93.8% sequence similarity 602:636 only 92.2-93.8% sequence similarity to type strains of species of the genus Mesonia 602:684 However, the strain shared only 92.2-93.8% sequence similarity to type strains of species of the genus Mesonia, with highest sequence similarity to the type strain of Mesonia aquimarina. 25862387 10 7 theme phosphate 1383:1391 arg1 group 1393:1397 a phosphate group 1381:1397 a phosphate group 1381:1397 Additionally, major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids not containing a phosphate group, an amino group or a sugar residue were detected. 25862387 0 8 theme Mesonia 0:6 arg1 hippocampi 8:17 Mesonia hippocampi 0:17 Mesonia hippocampi 0:17 Mesonia hippocampi sp. 25862387 5 9 theme acid 822:825 arg1 profile 827:833 a Mesonia-typical fatty acid profile 798:833 a Mesonia-typical fatty acid profile including several branched and hydroxyl fatty acids with highest amounts of iso-C15 798:917 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed a Mesonia-typical fatty acid profile including several branched and hydroxyl fatty acids with highest amounts of iso-C15 : 0 (40.9%) followed by iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (14.8%). 25862387 8 10 theme quinone 1114:1120 arg1 system 1122:1127 The quinone system 1110:1127 The quinone system 1110:1127 The quinone system contained exclusively menaquinone MK-6. 25862387 3 11 theme Mesonia 530:536 arg1 cluster 509:515 the monophyletic cluster 492:515 the monophyletic cluster of the genus Mesonia 492:536 Phylogenetic analyses based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) into the monophyletic cluster of the genus Mesonia within the family Flavobacteriaceae. 25862387 11 12 theme 96_Hippo_TS_3/13 1483:1498 arg1 % 1513:1513 30 mol% 1507:1513 30 mol% 1507:1513 The genomic G+C content of strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was 30 mol%. 25862387 11 12 theme 96_Hippo_TS_3/13 1483:1498 arg1 content 1465:1471 The genomic G+C content 1449:1471 The genomic G+C content of strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) 1449:1501 The genomic G+C content of strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was 30 mol%. 25862387 2 13 theme seahorse 262:269 arg1 male 271:274 a diseased seahorse male 251:274 a diseased seahorse male of the species Hippocampus barbouri 251:310 An orange-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was isolated from the brood pouch of a diseased seahorse male of the species Hippocampus barbouri from the animal facility of the University of Giessen, Germany. 25862387 8 14 theme menaquinone 1151:1161 arg1 MK-6 1163:1166 menaquinone MK-6 1151:1166 menaquinone MK-6 1151:1166 The quinone system contained exclusively menaquinone MK-6. 25862387 9 15 theme identified 1178:1187 arg1 present 1254:1260 present 1254:1260 present 1254:1260 The only identified compound in the polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine present in major amounts. 25862387 9 15 theme identified 1178:1187 arg1 compound 1189:1196 The only identified compound 1169:1196 The only identified compound in the polar lipid profile 1169:1223 The only identified compound in the polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine present in major amounts. 25862387 5 16 theme Mesonia-typical 800:814 arg1 profile 827:833 a Mesonia-typical fatty acid profile 798:833 a Mesonia-typical fatty acid profile including several branched and hydroxyl fatty acids with highest amounts of iso-C15 798:917 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed a Mesonia-typical fatty acid profile including several branched and hydroxyl fatty acids with highest amounts of iso-C15 : 0 (40.9%) followed by iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (14.8%). 25862387 12 17 theme Mesonia 1636:1642 arg1 sp 1655:1656 the genus Mesonia, Mesonia hippocampi sp 1617:1656 the genus Mesonia, Mesonia hippocampi sp 1617:1656 Based on genotypic, chemotaxonomic and physiological characterizations we propose a novel species of the genus Mesonia, Mesonia hippocampi sp. 25862387 4 18 theme Mesonia 678:684 arg1 species 657:663 species 657:663 species of the genus Mesonia 657:684 However, the strain shared only 92.2-93.8% sequence similarity to type strains of species of the genus Mesonia, with highest sequence similarity to the type strain of Mesonia aquimarina. 25862387 9 19 theme polar 1205:1209 arg1 profile 1217:1223 the polar lipid profile 1201:1223 the polar lipid profile 1201:1223 The only identified compound in the polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine present in major amounts. 25862387 8 20 contain contained 1129:1137 arg1 system 1122:1127 The quinone system 1110:1127 The quinone system 1110:1127 The quinone system contained exclusively menaquinone MK-6. 25862387 8 20 contain contained 1129:1137 arg2 MK-6 1163:1166 menaquinone MK-6 1151:1166 menaquinone MK-6 1151:1166 The quinone system contained exclusively menaquinone MK-6. 25862387 5 21 theme highest 892:898 arg1 iso-C15 911:917 iso-C15 911:917 iso-C15 911:917 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed a Mesonia-typical fatty acid profile including several branched and hydroxyl fatty acids with highest amounts of iso-C15 : 0 (40.9%) followed by iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (14.8%). 25862387 5 21 theme highest 892:898 arg1 amounts 900:906 highest amounts 892:906 highest amounts of iso-C15 892:917 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed a Mesonia-typical fatty acid profile including several branched and hydroxyl fatty acids with highest amounts of iso-C15 : 0 (40.9%) followed by iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (14.8%). 25862387 12 22 theme sp 1655:1656 arg1 species 1606:1612 a novel species 1598:1612 a novel species of the genus Mesonia, Mesonia hippocampi sp 1598:1656 Based on genotypic, chemotaxonomic and physiological characterizations we propose a novel species of the genus Mesonia, Mesonia hippocampi sp. 25862387 3 23 theme monophyletic 496:507 arg1 cluster 509:515 the monophyletic cluster 492:515 the monophyletic cluster of the genus Mesonia 492:536 Phylogenetic analyses based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) into the monophyletic cluster of the genus Mesonia within the family Flavobacteriaceae. 25862387 5 24 theme acid 777:780 arg1 analysis 782:789 Cellular fatty acid analysis 762:789 Cellular fatty acid analysis 762:789 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed a Mesonia-typical fatty acid profile including several branched and hydroxyl fatty acids with highest amounts of iso-C15 : 0 (40.9%) followed by iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (14.8%). 25862387 10 25 theme amino 1403:1407 arg1 group 1409:1413 an amino group 1400:1413 an amino group 1400:1413 Additionally, major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids not containing a phosphate group, an amino group or a sugar residue were detected. 25862387 4 26 theme species 657:663 arg1 strains 646:652 type strains 641:652 type strains of species of the genus Mesonia 641:684 However, the strain shared only 92.2-93.8% sequence similarity to type strains of species of the genus Mesonia, with highest sequence similarity to the type strain of Mesonia aquimarina. 25862387 5 27 theme hydroxyl 866:873 arg1 acids 881:885 several branched and hydroxyl fatty acids 845:885 acids 881:885 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed a Mesonia-typical fatty acid profile including several branched and hydroxyl fatty acids with highest amounts of iso-C15 : 0 (40.9%) followed by iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (14.8%). 25862387 11 28 theme genomic 1453:1459 arg1 % 1513:1513 30 mol% 1507:1513 30 mol% 1507:1513 The genomic G+C content of strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was 30 mol%. 25862387 11 28 theme genomic 1453:1459 arg1 content 1465:1471 The genomic G+C content 1449:1471 The genomic G+C content of strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) 1449:1501 The genomic G+C content of strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was 30 mol%. 25862387 13 29 dep 96_Hippo_TS_3/13 1677:1692 arg1 strain 1755:1760 the type strain 1746:1760 the type strain 1746:1760 nov., with strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) ( = CIP 110839T = LMG 28572(T) = CCM 8557(T)) as the type strain. 25862387 1 30 theme brood 47:51 arg1 pouch 53:57 the brood pouch 43:57 the brood pouch of a diseased Barbour's Seahorse (Hippocampus barbouri) 43:113 nov., isolated from the brood pouch of a diseased Barbour's Seahorse (Hippocampus barbouri). 25862387 10 31 theme sugar 1420:1424 arg1 residue 1426:1432 a sugar residue 1418:1432 a sugar residue 1418:1432 Additionally, major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids not containing a phosphate group, an amino group or a sugar residue were detected. 25862387 4 32 theme type 727:730 arg1 strain 732:737 the type strain 723:737 the type strain of Mesonia aquimarina 723:759 However, the strain shared only 92.2-93.8% sequence similarity to type strains of species of the genus Mesonia, with highest sequence similarity to the type strain of Mesonia aquimarina. 25862387 6 33 theme polyamine 976:984 arg1 pattern 986:992 the polyamine pattern 972:992 the polyamine pattern 972:992 In the polyamine pattern, sym-homospermidine was predominant. 25862387 2 34 dep Hippocampus 291:301 arg1 barbouri 303:310 barbouri 303:310 the species Hippocampus barbouri 279:310 An orange-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was isolated from the brood pouch of a diseased seahorse male of the species Hippocampus barbouri from the animal facility of the University of Giessen, Germany. 25862387 2 35 theme University 344:353 arg1 facility 328:335 the animal facility 317:335 the animal facility of the University of Giessen, Germany 317:373 An orange-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was isolated from the brood pouch of a diseased seahorse male of the species Hippocampus barbouri from the animal facility of the University of Giessen, Germany. 25862387 5 36 theme Cellular 762:769 arg1 analysis 782:789 Cellular fatty acid analysis 762:789 Cellular fatty acid analysis 762:789 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed a Mesonia-typical fatty acid profile including several branched and hydroxyl fatty acids with highest amounts of iso-C15 : 0 (40.9%) followed by iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (14.8%). 25862387 13 37 dep nov. 1659:1662 arg1 with 1665:1668 with 1665:1668 with 1665:1668 nov., with strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) ( = CIP 110839T = LMG 28572(T) = CCM 8557(T)) as the type strain. 25862387 1 38 theme diseased 64:71 arg1 Seahorse 83:90 a diseased Barbour's Seahorse 62:90 a diseased Barbour's Seahorse (Hippocampus barbouri) 62:113 nov., isolated from the brood pouch of a diseased Barbour's Seahorse (Hippocampus barbouri). 25862387 1 38 theme diseased 64:71 arg1 barbouri 105:112 Hippocampus barbouri 93:112 Hippocampus barbouri 93:112 nov., isolated from the brood pouch of a diseased Barbour's Seahorse (Hippocampus barbouri). 25862387 12 39 theme physiological 1555:1567 arg1 characterizations 1569:1585 genotypic, chemotaxonomic and physiological characterizations 1525:1585 genotypic, chemotaxonomic and physiological characterizations 1525:1585 Based on genotypic, chemotaxonomic and physiological characterizations we propose a novel species of the genus Mesonia, Mesonia hippocampi sp. 25862387 4 40 theme sequence 700:707 arg1 similarity 709:718 highest sequence similarity 692:718 highest sequence similarity to the type strain of Mesonia aquimarina 692:759 However, the strain shared only 92.2-93.8% sequence similarity to type strains of species of the genus Mesonia, with highest sequence similarity to the type strain of Mesonia aquimarina. 25862387 3 41 theme 16S 430:432 arg1 sequence 444:451 the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence 407:451 the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence 407:451 Phylogenetic analyses based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) into the monophyletic cluster of the genus Mesonia within the family Flavobacteriaceae. 25862387 7 42 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1084:1102 arg1 acid 1054:1057 The diagnostic diamino acid 1031:1057 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 1031:1078 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25862387 7 42 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1084:1102 arg1 acid 1104:1107 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1084:1107 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1084:1107 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25862387 6 43 attach predominant 1018:1028 arg2 sym-homospermidine 995:1012 sym-homospermidine 995:1012 sym-homospermidine 995:1012 In the polyamine pattern, sym-homospermidine was predominant. 25862387 6 43 attach predominant 1018:1028 arg1 pattern 986:992 the polyamine pattern 972:992 the polyamine pattern 972:992 In the polyamine pattern, sym-homospermidine was predominant. 25862387 13 44 theme = 1728:1728 arg1 96_Hippo_TS_3/13 1677:1692 strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13 1670:1692 strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) ( = CIP 110839T = LMG 28572(T) = CCM 8557(T)) 1670:1741 nov., with strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) ( = CIP 110839T = LMG 28572(T) = CCM 8557(T)) as the type strain. 25862387 13 44 theme = 1728:1728 arg1 CIP 1701:1703  = CIP 1698:1703  = CIP 110839T = LMG 28572(T) = CCM 8557(T) 1698:1740 nov., with strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) ( = CIP 110839T = LMG 28572(T) = CCM 8557(T)) as the type strain. 25862387 7 45 theme peptidoglycan 1066:1078 arg1 acid 1054:1057 The diagnostic diamino acid 1031:1057 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 1031:1078 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25862387 7 45 theme peptidoglycan 1066:1078 arg1 acid 1104:1107 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1084:1107 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1084:1107 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25862387 10 46 theme major 1294:1298 arg1 amounts 1300:1306 major amounts 1294:1306 major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids not containing a phosphate group, an amino group or a sugar residue 1294:1432 Additionally, major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids not containing a phosphate group, an amino group or a sugar residue were detected. 25862387 10 46 theme major 1294:1298 arg1 lipids 1359:1364 two unidentified lipids 1342:1364 two unidentified lipids 1342:1364 Additionally, major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids not containing a phosphate group, an amino group or a sugar residue were detected. 25862387 10 46 theme major 1294:1298 arg1 aminolipid 1327:1336 an unidentified aminolipid 1311:1336 an unidentified aminolipid 1311:1336 Additionally, major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids not containing a phosphate group, an amino group or a sugar residue were detected. 25862387 14 47 theme genus 1793:1797 arg1 Mesonia 1799:1805 the genus Mesonia 1789:1805 the genus Mesonia 1789:1805 An emended description of the genus Mesonia is also provided. 25862387 3 48 theme gene 439:442 arg1 sequence 444:451 the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence 407:451 the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence 407:451 Phylogenetic analyses based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) into the monophyletic cluster of the genus Mesonia within the family Flavobacteriaceae. 25862387 4 49 dep similarity 627:636 arg1 % 616:616 % 616:616 % 616:616 However, the strain shared only 92.2-93.8% sequence similarity to type strains of species of the genus Mesonia, with highest sequence similarity to the type strain of Mesonia aquimarina. 25862387 4 50 theme aquimarina 750:759 arg1 strain 732:737 the type strain 723:737 the type strain of Mesonia aquimarina 723:759 However, the strain shared only 92.2-93.8% sequence similarity to type strains of species of the genus Mesonia, with highest sequence similarity to the type strain of Mesonia aquimarina. 25862387 10 51 theme unidentified 1314:1325 arg1 aminolipid 1327:1336 an unidentified aminolipid 1311:1336 an unidentified aminolipid 1311:1336 Additionally, major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids not containing a phosphate group, an amino group or a sugar residue were detected. 25862387 4 52 dep % 616:616 arg1 92.2-93.8 607:615 92.2-93.8 607:615 92.2-93.8 607:615 However, the strain shared only 92.2-93.8% sequence similarity to type strains of species of the genus Mesonia, with highest sequence similarity to the type strain of Mesonia aquimarina. 25862387 9 53 from amounts 1271:1277 arg1 present 1254:1260 present 1254:1260 present 1254:1260 The only identified compound in the polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine present in major amounts. 25862387 9 53 from amounts 1271:1277 arg1 compound 1189:1196 The only identified compound 1169:1196 The only identified compound in the polar lipid profile 1169:1223 The only identified compound in the polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine present in major amounts. 25862387 7 54 theme diagnostic 1035:1044 arg1 acid 1054:1057 The diagnostic diamino acid 1031:1057 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan 1031:1078 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25862387 7 54 theme diagnostic 1035:1044 arg1 acid 1104:1107 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1084:1107 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1084:1107 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25862387 2 55 theme animal 321:326 arg1 facility 328:335 the animal facility 317:335 the animal facility of the University of Giessen, Germany 317:373 An orange-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was isolated from the brood pouch of a diseased seahorse male of the species Hippocampus barbouri from the animal facility of the University of Giessen, Germany. 25862387 10 56 theme unidentified 1346:1357 arg1 lipids 1359:1364 two unidentified lipids 1342:1364 two unidentified lipids 1342:1364 Additionally, major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids not containing a phosphate group, an amino group or a sugar residue were detected. 25862387 2 57 theme diseased 253:260 arg1 male 271:274 a diseased seahorse male 251:274 a diseased seahorse male of the species Hippocampus barbouri 251:310 An orange-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was isolated from the brood pouch of a diseased seahorse male of the species Hippocampus barbouri from the animal facility of the University of Giessen, Germany. 25862387 9 58 from compound 1189:1196 arg1 profile 1217:1223 the polar lipid profile 1201:1223 the polar lipid profile 1201:1223 The only identified compound in the polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine present in major amounts. 25862387 13 59 theme  = 1698:1699 arg1 96_Hippo_TS_3/13 1677:1692 strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13 1670:1692 strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) ( = CIP 110839T = LMG 28572(T) = CCM 8557(T)) 1670:1741 nov., with strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) ( = CIP 110839T = LMG 28572(T) = CCM 8557(T)) as the type strain. 25862387 13 59 theme  = 1698:1699 arg1 CIP 1701:1703  = CIP 1698:1703  = CIP 110839T = LMG 28572(T) = CCM 8557(T) 1698:1740 nov., with strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) ( = CIP 110839T = LMG 28572(T) = CCM 8557(T)) as the type strain. 25862387 11 60 theme strain 1476:1481 arg1 96_Hippo_TS_3/13 1483:1498 strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13 1476:1498 strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) 1476:1501 The genomic G+C content of strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was 30 mol%. 25862387 11 60 theme strain 1476:1481 arg1 T 1500:1500 T 1500:1500 T 1500:1500 The genomic G+C content of strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was 30 mol%. 25862387 5 61 theme fatty 816:820 arg1 profile 827:833 a Mesonia-typical fatty acid profile 798:833 a Mesonia-typical fatty acid profile including several branched and hydroxyl fatty acids with highest amounts of iso-C15 798:917 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed a Mesonia-typical fatty acid profile including several branched and hydroxyl fatty acids with highest amounts of iso-C15 : 0 (40.9%) followed by iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (14.8%). 25862387 9 62 located present 1254:1260 arg2 present 1254:1260 present 1254:1260 present 1254:1260 The only identified compound in the polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine present in major amounts. 25862387 9 62 located present 1254:1260 arg2 compound 1189:1196 The only identified compound 1169:1196 The only identified compound in the polar lipid profile 1169:1223 The only identified compound in the polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine present in major amounts. 25862387 9 62 located present 1254:1260 arg1 amounts 1271:1277 major amounts 1265:1277 major amounts 1265:1277 The only identified compound in the polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine present in major amounts. 25862387 13 63 theme strain 1670:1675 arg1 96_Hippo_TS_3/13 1677:1692 strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13 1670:1692 strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) ( = CIP 110839T = LMG 28572(T) = CCM 8557(T)) 1670:1741 nov., with strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) ( = CIP 110839T = LMG 28572(T) = CCM 8557(T)) as the type strain. 25862387 13 63 theme strain 1670:1675 arg1 CIP 1701:1703  = CIP 1698:1703  = CIP 110839T = LMG 28572(T) = CCM 8557(T) 1698:1740 nov., with strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) ( = CIP 110839T = LMG 28572(T) = CCM 8557(T)) as the type strain. 25862387 13 63 theme strain 1670:1675 arg1 T 1694:1694 T 1694:1694 T 1694:1694 nov., with strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) ( = CIP 110839T = LMG 28572(T) = CCM 8557(T)) as the type strain. 25862387 3 64 theme genus 524:528 arg1 Mesonia 530:536 the genus Mesonia 520:536 the genus Mesonia 520:536 Phylogenetic analyses based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) into the monophyletic cluster of the genus Mesonia within the family Flavobacteriaceae. 25862387 12 65 theme genotypic 1525:1533 arg1 characterizations 1569:1585 genotypic, chemotaxonomic and physiological characterizations 1525:1585 genotypic, chemotaxonomic and physiological characterizations 1525:1585 Based on genotypic, chemotaxonomic and physiological characterizations we propose a novel species of the genus Mesonia, Mesonia hippocampi sp. 25862387 2 66 theme male 271:274 arg1 pouch 242:246 the brood pouch 232:246 the brood pouch of a diseased seahorse male of the species Hippocampus barbouri 232:310 An orange-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was isolated from the brood pouch of a diseased seahorse male of the species Hippocampus barbouri from the animal facility of the University of Giessen, Germany. 25862387 12 67 theme chemotaxonomic 1536:1549 arg1 characterizations 1569:1585 genotypic, chemotaxonomic and physiological characterizations 1525:1585 genotypic, chemotaxonomic and physiological characterizations 1525:1585 Based on genotypic, chemotaxonomic and physiological characterizations we propose a novel species of the genus Mesonia, Mesonia hippocampi sp. 25862387 3 68 theme family 549:554 arg1 Flavobacteriaceae 556:572 the family Flavobacteriaceae 545:572 the family Flavobacteriaceae 545:572 Phylogenetic analyses based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) into the monophyletic cluster of the genus Mesonia within the family Flavobacteriaceae. 25862387 9 69 from present 1254:1260 arg1 amounts 1271:1277 major amounts 1265:1277 major amounts 1265:1277 The only identified compound in the polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine present in major amounts. 25862387 5 70 theme fatty 875:879 arg1 acids 881:885 several branched and hydroxyl fatty acids 845:885 acids 881:885 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed a Mesonia-typical fatty acid profile including several branched and hydroxyl fatty acids with highest amounts of iso-C15 : 0 (40.9%) followed by iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (14.8%). 25862387 13 71 theme type 1750:1753 arg1 strain 1755:1760 the type strain 1746:1760 the type strain 1746:1760 nov., with strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) ( = CIP 110839T = LMG 28572(T) = CCM 8557(T)) as the type strain. 25862387 2 72 theme brood 236:240 arg1 pouch 242:246 the brood pouch 232:246 the brood pouch of a diseased seahorse male of the species Hippocampus barbouri 232:310 An orange-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was isolated from the brood pouch of a diseased seahorse male of the species Hippocampus barbouri from the animal facility of the University of Giessen, Germany. 25862387 1 73 theme Hippocampus 93:103 arg1 Seahorse 83:90 a diseased Barbour's Seahorse 62:90 a diseased Barbour's Seahorse (Hippocampus barbouri) 62:113 nov., isolated from the brood pouch of a diseased Barbour's Seahorse (Hippocampus barbouri). 25862387 1 73 theme Hippocampus 93:103 arg1 barbouri 105:112 Hippocampus barbouri 93:112 Hippocampus barbouri 93:112 nov., isolated from the brood pouch of a diseased Barbour's Seahorse (Hippocampus barbouri). 25862387 4 74 theme genus 672:676 arg1 Mesonia 678:684 the genus Mesonia 668:684 the genus Mesonia 668:684 However, the strain shared only 92.2-93.8% sequence similarity to type strains of species of the genus Mesonia, with highest sequence similarity to the type strain of Mesonia aquimarina. 25862387 2 75 theme Hippocampus 291:301 arg1 male 271:274 a diseased seahorse male 251:274 a diseased seahorse male of the species Hippocampus barbouri 251:310 An orange-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was isolated from the brood pouch of a diseased seahorse male of the species Hippocampus barbouri from the animal facility of the University of Giessen, Germany. 25862387 9 76 theme lipid 1211:1215 arg1 profile 1217:1223 the polar lipid profile 1201:1223 the polar lipid profile 1201:1223 The only identified compound in the polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine present in major amounts. 25862387 12 77 theme hippocampi 1644:1653 arg1 sp 1655:1656 the genus Mesonia, Mesonia hippocampi sp 1617:1656 the genus Mesonia, Mesonia hippocampi sp 1617:1656 Based on genotypic, chemotaxonomic and physiological characterizations we propose a novel species of the genus Mesonia, Mesonia hippocampi sp. 25862387 2 78 attach isolated 218:225 arg1 pouch 242:246 the brood pouch 232:246 the brood pouch of a diseased seahorse male of the species Hippocampus barbouri 232:310 An orange-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was isolated from the brood pouch of a diseased seahorse male of the species Hippocampus barbouri from the animal facility of the University of Giessen, Germany. 25862387 2 78 attach isolated 218:225 arg1 facility 328:335 the animal facility 317:335 the animal facility of the University of Giessen, Germany 317:373 An orange-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was isolated from the brood pouch of a diseased seahorse male of the species Hippocampus barbouri from the animal facility of the University of Giessen, Germany. 25862387 2 78 attach isolated 218:225 arg2 bacterium 172:180 An orange-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium 116:180 An orange-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium 116:180 An orange-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was isolated from the brood pouch of a diseased seahorse male of the species Hippocampus barbouri from the animal facility of the University of Giessen, Germany. 25862387 4 79 theme type 641:644 arg1 strains 646:652 type strains 641:652 type strains of species of the genus Mesonia 641:684 However, the strain shared only 92.2-93.8% sequence similarity to type strains of species of the genus Mesonia, with highest sequence similarity to the type strain of Mesonia aquimarina. 25862387 11 80 theme G+C 1461:1463 arg1 % 1513:1513 30 mol% 1507:1513 30 mol% 1507:1513 The genomic G+C content of strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was 30 mol%. 25862387 11 80 theme G+C 1461:1463 arg1 content 1465:1471 The genomic G+C content 1449:1471 The genomic G+C content of strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) 1449:1501 The genomic G+C content of strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was 30 mol%. 25862387 0 81 dep sp 19:20 arg1 hippocampi 8:17 Mesonia hippocampi 0:17 Mesonia hippocampi 0:17 Mesonia hippocampi sp. 25862387 12 82 theme genus 1621:1625 arg1 sp 1655:1656 the genus Mesonia, Mesonia hippocampi sp 1617:1656 the genus Mesonia, Mesonia hippocampi sp 1617:1656 Based on genotypic, chemotaxonomic and physiological characterizations we propose a novel species of the genus Mesonia, Mesonia hippocampi sp. 25862387 5 83 with branched 853:860 arg1 iso-C15 911:917 iso-C15 911:917 iso-C15 911:917 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed a Mesonia-typical fatty acid profile including several branched and hydroxyl fatty acids with highest amounts of iso-C15 : 0 (40.9%) followed by iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (14.8%). 25862387 5 83 with branched 853:860 arg1 amounts 900:906 highest amounts 892:906 highest amounts of iso-C15 892:917 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed a Mesonia-typical fatty acid profile including several branched and hydroxyl fatty acids with highest amounts of iso-C15 : 0 (40.9%) followed by iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (14.8%). 25862387 13 84 theme CCM 1730:1732 arg1 8557 1734:1737 CCM 8557 1730:1737 CCM 8557(T) 1730:1740 nov., with strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) ( = CIP 110839T = LMG 28572(T) = CCM 8557(T)) as the type strain. 25862387 13 84 theme CCM 1730:1732 arg1 T 1739:1739 T 1739:1739 T 1739:1739 nov., with strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) ( = CIP 110839T = LMG 28572(T) = CCM 8557(T)) as the type strain. 25862387 9 85 theme major 1265:1269 arg1 amounts 1271:1277 major amounts 1265:1277 major amounts 1265:1277 The only identified compound in the polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine present in major amounts. 25862387 9 86 attach present 1254:1260 arg2 present 1254:1260 present 1254:1260 present 1254:1260 The only identified compound in the polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine present in major amounts. 25862387 9 86 attach present 1254:1260 arg1 amounts 1271:1277 major amounts 1265:1277 major amounts 1265:1277 The only identified compound in the polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine present in major amounts. 25862387 9 86 attach present 1254:1260 arg2 compound 1189:1196 The only identified compound 1169:1196 The only identified compound in the polar lipid profile 1169:1223 The only identified compound in the polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine present in major amounts. 25862387 12 87 theme novel 1600:1604 arg1 species 1606:1612 a novel species 1598:1612 a novel species of the genus Mesonia, Mesonia hippocampi sp 1598:1656 Based on genotypic, chemotaxonomic and physiological characterizations we propose a novel species of the genus Mesonia, Mesonia hippocampi sp. 25862387 5 88 theme fatty 771:775 arg1 analysis 782:789 Cellular fatty acid analysis 762:789 Cellular fatty acid analysis 762:789 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed a Mesonia-typical fatty acid profile including several branched and hydroxyl fatty acids with highest amounts of iso-C15 : 0 (40.9%) followed by iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (14.8%). 25862387 5 89 theme iso-C15 911:917 arg1 iso-C15 911:917 iso-C15 911:917 iso-C15 911:917 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed a Mesonia-typical fatty acid profile including several branched and hydroxyl fatty acids with highest amounts of iso-C15 : 0 (40.9%) followed by iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (14.8%). 25862387 5 89 theme iso-C15 911:917 arg1 amounts 900:906 highest amounts 892:906 highest amounts of iso-C15 892:917 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed a Mesonia-typical fatty acid profile including several branched and hydroxyl fatty acids with highest amounts of iso-C15 : 0 (40.9%) followed by iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (14.8%). 25862387 2 90 dep orange-pigmented 119:134 arg1 rod-shaped 161:170 rod-shaped 161:170 rod-shaped 161:170 An orange-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was isolated from the brood pouch of a diseased seahorse male of the species Hippocampus barbouri from the animal facility of the University of Giessen, Germany. 25862387 2 90 dep orange-pigmented 119:134 arg1 Gram-staining-negative 137:158 Gram-staining-negative 137:158 Gram-staining-negative 137:158 An orange-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was isolated from the brood pouch of a diseased seahorse male of the species Hippocampus barbouri from the animal facility of the University of Giessen, Germany. 25862387 4 91 theme highest 692:698 arg1 similarity 709:718 highest sequence similarity 692:718 highest sequence similarity to the type strain of Mesonia aquimarina 692:759 However, the strain shared only 92.2-93.8% sequence similarity to type strains of species of the genus Mesonia, with highest sequence similarity to the type strain of Mesonia aquimarina. 25862387 3 92 theme rRNA 434:437 arg1 sequence 444:451 the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence 407:451 the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence 407:451 Phylogenetic analyses based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) into the monophyletic cluster of the genus Mesonia within the family Flavobacteriaceae. 25862387 3 93 theme Phylogenetic 376:387 arg1 analyses 389:396 Phylogenetic analyses 376:396 Phylogenetic analyses based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence 376:451 Phylogenetic analyses based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) into the monophyletic cluster of the genus Mesonia within the family Flavobacteriaceae. 25862387 3 94 theme full-length 418:428 arg1 sequence 444:451 the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence 407:451 the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence 407:451 Phylogenetic analyses based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) into the monophyletic cluster of the genus Mesonia within the family Flavobacteriaceae. 25862387 14 95 theme Mesonia 1799:1805 arg1 description 1774:1784 An emended description 1763:1784 An emended description of the genus Mesonia 1763:1805 An emended description of the genus Mesonia is also provided. 25862387 11 96 theme mol 1510:1512 arg1 % 1513:1513 30 mol% 1507:1513 30 mol% 1507:1513 The genomic G+C content of strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was 30 mol%. 25862387 11 96 theme mol 1510:1512 arg1 content 1465:1471 The genomic G+C content 1449:1471 The genomic G+C content of strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) 1449:1501 The genomic G+C content of strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was 30 mol%. 25862387 3 97 theme strain 460:465 arg1 T 484:484 T 484:484 T 484:484 Phylogenetic analyses based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) into the monophyletic cluster of the genus Mesonia within the family Flavobacteriaceae. 25862387 3 97 theme strain 460:465 arg1 96_Hippo_TS_3/13 467:482 strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13 460:482 strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) 460:485 Phylogenetic analyses based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) into the monophyletic cluster of the genus Mesonia within the family Flavobacteriaceae. 25862387 14 98 theme emended 1766:1772 arg1 description 1774:1784 An emended description 1763:1784 An emended description of the genus Mesonia 1763:1805 An emended description of the genus Mesonia is also provided. 25862387 10 99 theme aminolipid 1327:1336 arg1 amounts 1300:1306 major amounts 1294:1306 major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids not containing a phosphate group, an amino group or a sugar residue 1294:1432 Additionally, major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids not containing a phosphate group, an amino group or a sugar residue were detected. 25862387 10 99 theme aminolipid 1327:1336 arg1 lipids 1359:1364 two unidentified lipids 1342:1364 two unidentified lipids 1342:1364 Additionally, major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids not containing a phosphate group, an amino group or a sugar residue were detected. 25862387 10 99 theme aminolipid 1327:1336 arg1 aminolipid 1327:1336 an unidentified aminolipid 1311:1336 an unidentified aminolipid 1311:1336 Additionally, major amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids not containing a phosphate group, an amino group or a sugar residue were detected. 25862387 2 100 theme species 283:289 arg1 Hippocampus 291:301 the species Hippocampus barbouri 279:310 the species Hippocampus barbouri 279:310 An orange-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) was isolated from the brood pouch of a diseased seahorse male of the species Hippocampus barbouri from the animal facility of the University of Giessen, Germany. 25862387 13 101 dep = 1728:1728 arg1 8557 1734:1737 CCM 8557 1730:1737 CCM 8557(T) 1730:1740 nov., with strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) ( = CIP 110839T = LMG 28572(T) = CCM 8557(T)) as the type strain. 25862387 13 101 dep = 1728:1728 arg1 T 1739:1739 T 1739:1739 T 1739:1739 nov., with strain 96_Hippo_TS_3/13(T) ( = CIP 110839T = LMG 28572(T) = CCM 8557(T)) as the type strain. 25862387 4 102 theme Mesonia 742:748 arg1 aquimarina 750:759 Mesonia aquimarina 742:759 Mesonia aquimarina 742:759 However, the strain shared only 92.2-93.8% sequence similarity to type strains of species of the genus Mesonia, with highest sequence similarity to the type strain of Mesonia aquimarina. 25862387 6 103 from predominant 1018:1028 arg1 pattern 986:992 the polyamine pattern 972:992 the polyamine pattern 972:992 In the polyamine pattern, sym-homospermidine was predominant. 25825245 7 0 theme major 925:929 arg1 0 967:967 0 967:967 0 967:967 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (35.7%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8%), iso-C14 : 0 (9.9%) and iso-C16 : 0 (9.9%) and the DNA G+C content was 39.8 mol%. 25825245 7 0 theme major 925:929 arg1 acids 946:950 The major cellular fatty acids 921:950 The major cellular fatty acids 921:950 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (35.7%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8%), iso-C14 : 0 (9.9%) and iso-C16 : 0 (9.9%) and the DNA G+C content was 39.8 mol%. 25825245 8 1 dep genus 1219:1223 arg1 Bacillus 1225:1232 the genus Bacillus 1215:1232 the genus Bacillus 1215:1232 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-17212(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus wuyishanensis sp. 25825245 3 2 theme optimum 390:396 arg1 pH 398:399 optimum pH 7 390:401 optimum pH 7 390:401 Isolate FJAT-17212(T) grew at 10-50 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-11 (optimum pH 7) and with 0-6% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 25825245 3 2 theme optimum 390:396 arg1 pH 381:382 pH 5-11 381:387 pH 5-11 (optimum pH 7) 381:402 Isolate FJAT-17212(T) grew at 10-50 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-11 (optimum pH 7) and with 0-6% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 25825245 2 3 attach isolated 198:205 arg1 soil 228:231 the rhizosphere soil 212:231 the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), 212:288 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-17212(T)) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), on the Wuyishan mountain of China. 25825245 2 3 attach isolated 198:205 arg2 FJAT-17212 179:188 FJAT-17212 179:188 FJAT-17212(T) 179:191 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-17212(T)) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), on the Wuyishan mountain of China. 25825245 2 3 attach isolated 198:205 arg2 bacterium 168:176 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 103:176 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-17212(T)) 103:192 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-17212(T)) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), on the Wuyishan mountain of China. 25825245 7 4 theme cellular 931:938 arg1 0 967:967 0 967:967 0 967:967 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (35.7%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8%), iso-C14 : 0 (9.9%) and iso-C16 : 0 (9.9%) and the DNA G+C content was 39.8 mol%. 25825245 7 4 theme cellular 931:938 arg1 acids 946:950 The major cellular fatty acids 921:950 The major cellular fatty acids 921:950 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (35.7%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8%), iso-C14 : 0 (9.9%) and iso-C16 : 0 (9.9%) and the DNA G+C content was 39.8 mol%. 25825245 6 5 theme FJAT-17212 821:830 arg1 peptidoglycan 796:808 the peptidoglycan 792:808 the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-17212(T) 792:833 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-17212(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (80.8%). 25825245 8 6 theme Phenotypic 1084:1093 arg1 properties 1125:1134 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1084:1134 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1084:1134 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-17212(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus wuyishanensis sp. 25825245 1 7 theme rhizosphere 47:57 arg1 soil 59:62 rhizosphere soil 47:62 rhizosphere soil of a medical plant 47:81 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris. 25825245 3 8 theme w/v 419:421 arg1 % 439:439 optimum 2% 430:439 optimum 2% 430:439 Isolate FJAT-17212(T) grew at 10-50 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-11 (optimum pH 7) and with 0-6% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 25825245 3 8 theme w/v 419:421 arg1 NaCl 424:427 0-6% (w/v) NaCl 413:427 0-6% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%) 413:440 Isolate FJAT-17212(T) grew at 10-50 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-11 (optimum pH 7) and with 0-6% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 25825245 3 9 theme % 416:416 arg1 % 439:439 optimum 2% 430:439 optimum 2% 430:439 Isolate FJAT-17212(T) grew at 10-50 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-11 (optimum pH 7) and with 0-6% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 25825245 3 9 theme % 416:416 arg1 NaCl 424:427 0-6% (w/v) NaCl 413:427 0-6% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%) 413:440 Isolate FJAT-17212(T) grew at 10-50 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-11 (optimum pH 7) and with 0-6% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 25825245 2 10 theme common 272:277 arg1 vulgaris 262:269 Prunella vulgaris 253:269 Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal) 253:287 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-17212(T)) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), on the Wuyishan mountain of China. 25825245 2 10 theme common 272:277 arg1 selfheal 279:286 common selfheal 272:286 common selfheal 272:286 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-17212(T)) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), on the Wuyishan mountain of China. 25825245 7 11 theme DNA 1053:1055 arg1 % 1081:1081 39.8 mol% 1073:1081 39.8 mol% 1073:1081 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (35.7%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8%), iso-C14 : 0 (9.9%) and iso-C16 : 0 (9.9%) and the DNA G+C content was 39.8 mol%. 25825245 7 11 theme DNA 1053:1055 arg1 content 1061:1067 the DNA G+C content 1049:1067 the DNA G+C content 1049:1067 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (35.7%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8%), iso-C14 : 0 (9.9%) and iso-C16 : 0 (9.9%) and the DNA G+C content was 39.8 mol%. 25825245 2 12 theme plant 246:250 arg1 soil 228:231 the rhizosphere soil 212:231 the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), 212:288 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-17212(T)) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), on the Wuyishan mountain of China. 25825245 2 13 theme Wuyishan 297:304 arg1 mountain 306:313 the Wuyishan mountain 293:313 the Wuyishan mountain of China 293:322 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-17212(T)) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), on the Wuyishan mountain of China. 25825245 1 14 attach isolated 33:40 arg2 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris. 25825245 1 14 attach isolated 33:40 arg1 soil 59:62 rhizosphere soil 47:62 rhizosphere soil of a medical plant 47:81 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris. 25825245 7 15 theme G+C 1057:1059 arg1 % 1081:1081 39.8 mol% 1073:1081 39.8 mol% 1073:1081 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (35.7%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8%), iso-C14 : 0 (9.9%) and iso-C16 : 0 (9.9%) and the DNA G+C content was 39.8 mol%. 25825245 7 15 theme G+C 1057:1059 arg1 content 1061:1067 the DNA G+C content 1049:1067 the DNA G+C content 1049:1067 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (35.7%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8%), iso-C14 : 0 (9.9%) and iso-C16 : 0 (9.9%) and the DNA G+C content was 39.8 mol%. 25825245 2 16 theme medical 238:244 arg1 plant 246:250 a medical plant 236:250 a medical plant 236:250 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-17212(T)) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), on the Wuyishan mountain of China. 25825245 2 16 theme medical 238:244 arg1 vulgaris 262:269 Prunella vulgaris 253:269 Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal) 253:287 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-17212(T)) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), on the Wuyishan mountain of China. 25825245 6 17 theme peptidoglycan 796:808 arg1 acid 784:787 The diagnostic diamino acid 761:787 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-17212(T) 761:833 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-17212(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (80.8%). 25825245 6 17 theme peptidoglycan 796:808 arg1 acid 859:862 meso-diaminopimelic acid 839:862 meso-diaminopimelic acid 839:862 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-17212(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (80.8%). 25825245 6 18 theme isolate 813:819 arg1 T 832:832 T 832:832 T 832:832 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-17212(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (80.8%). 25825245 6 18 theme isolate 813:819 arg1 FJAT-17212 821:830 isolate FJAT-17212 813:830 isolate FJAT-17212(T) 813:833 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-17212(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (80.8%). 25825245 4 19 theme gene 483:486 arg1 sequences 488:496 16S rRNA gene sequences 474:496 16S rRNA gene sequences 474:496 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-17212(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) (97.3%). 25825245 0 20 theme wuyishanensis 9:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Bacillus wuyishanensis sp 0:24 Bacillus wuyishanensis sp. 0:25 Bacillus wuyishanensis sp. 25825245 8 21 theme genotypic 1115:1123 arg1 properties 1125:1134 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1084:1134 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1084:1134 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-17212(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus wuyishanensis sp. 25825245 1 22 theme medical 69:75 arg1 plant 77:81 a medical plant 67:81 a medical plant 67:81 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris. 25825245 8 23 theme chemotaxonomic 1096:1109 arg1 properties 1125:1134 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1084:1134 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1084:1134 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-17212(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus wuyishanensis sp. 25825245 5 24 theme DNA-DNA 649:655 arg1 relatedness 657:667 DNA-DNA relatedness 649:667 DNA-DNA relatedness between isolate FJAT-17212(T) and B. galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) 649:736 DNA-DNA relatedness between isolate FJAT-17212(T) and B. galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) was low (35.2% ± 2.3). 25825245 0 25 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 23:24 Bacillus wuyishanensis sp 0:24 Bacillus wuyishanensis sp. 0:25 Bacillus wuyishanensis sp. 25825245 6 26 theme diamino 776:782 arg1 acid 784:787 The diagnostic diamino acid 761:787 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-17212(T) 761:833 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-17212(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (80.8%). 25825245 6 26 theme diamino 776:782 arg1 acid 859:862 meso-diaminopimelic acid 839:862 meso-diaminopimelic acid 839:862 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-17212(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (80.8%). 25825245 1 27 theme plant 77:81 arg1 soil 59:62 rhizosphere soil 47:62 rhizosphere soil of a medical plant 47:81 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris. 25825245 2 28 theme China 318:322 arg1 mountain 306:313 the Wuyishan mountain 293:313 the Wuyishan mountain of China 293:322 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-17212(T)) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), on the Wuyishan mountain of China. 25825245 8 29 theme novel 1194:1198 arg1 species 1200:1206 a novel species 1192:1206 a novel species 1192:1206 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-17212(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus wuyishanensis sp. 25825245 4 30 theme galactosidilyticus 608:625 arg1 % 645:645 97.3% 641:645 97.3% 641:645 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-17212(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) (97.3%). 25825245 4 30 theme galactosidilyticus 608:625 arg1 DSM 627:629 Bacillus galactosidilyticus DSM 15595 599:635 Bacillus galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) (97.3%) 599:646 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-17212(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) (97.3%). 25825245 4 30 theme galactosidilyticus 608:625 arg1 T 637:637 T 637:637 T 637:637 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-17212(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) (97.3%). 25825245 5 31 theme B. 703:704 arg1 15595 729:733 B. galactosidilyticus DSM 15595 703:733 B. galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) 703:736 DNA-DNA relatedness between isolate FJAT-17212(T) and B. galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) was low (35.2% ± 2.3). 25825245 5 31 theme B. 703:704 arg1 T 735:735 T 735:735 T 735:735 DNA-DNA relatedness between isolate FJAT-17212(T) and B. galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) was low (35.2% ± 2.3). 25825245 4 32 theme Bacillus 558:565 arg1 FJAT-17212 518:527 isolate FJAT-17212 510:527 isolate FJAT-17212(T) 510:530 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-17212(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) (97.3%). 25825245 4 32 theme Bacillus 558:565 arg1 member 538:543 a member 536:543 a member of the genus Bacillus 536:565 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-17212(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) (97.3%). 25825245 10 33 theme CGMCC 1351:1355 arg1 T 1365:1365  = DSM 27848(T) = CGMCC 1.12709(T) 1333:1366  = DSM 27848(T) = CGMCC 1.12709(T) 1333:1366 The type strain is FJAT-17212(T) ( = DSM 27848(T) = CGMCC 1.12709(T)). 25825245 10 33 theme CGMCC 1351:1355 arg1 FJAT-17212 1318:1327 FJAT-17212 1318:1327 FJAT-17212 1318:1327 The type strain is FJAT-17212(T) ( = DSM 27848(T) = CGMCC 1.12709(T)). 25825245 5 34 theme DSM 725:727 arg1 15595 729:733 B. galactosidilyticus DSM 15595 703:733 B. galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) 703:736 DNA-DNA relatedness between isolate FJAT-17212(T) and B. galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) was low (35.2% ± 2.3). 25825245 5 34 theme DSM 725:727 arg1 T 735:735 T 735:735 T 735:735 DNA-DNA relatedness between isolate FJAT-17212(T) and B. galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) was low (35.2% ± 2.3). 25825245 8 35 theme isolate 1159:1165 arg1 T 1178:1178 T 1178:1178 T 1178:1178 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-17212(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus wuyishanensis sp. 25825245 8 35 theme isolate 1159:1165 arg1 FJAT-17212 1167:1176 isolate FJAT-17212 1159:1176 isolate FJAT-17212(T) 1159:1179 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-17212(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus wuyishanensis sp. 25825245 2 36 theme Prunella 253:260 arg1 plant 246:250 a medical plant 236:250 a medical plant 236:250 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-17212(T)) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), on the Wuyishan mountain of China. 25825245 2 36 theme Prunella 253:260 arg1 vulgaris 262:269 Prunella vulgaris 253:269 Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal) 253:287 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-17212(T)) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), on the Wuyishan mountain of China. 25825245 2 36 theme Prunella 253:260 arg1 selfheal 279:286 common selfheal 272:286 common selfheal 272:286 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-17212(T)) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), on the Wuyishan mountain of China. 25825245 6 37 theme isoprenoid 884:893 arg1 MK-7 907:910 MK-7 907:910 MK-7 907:910 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-17212(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (80.8%). 25825245 6 37 theme isoprenoid 884:893 arg1 quinone 895:901 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 868:901 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 868:901 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-17212(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (80.8%). 25825245 4 38 theme rRNA 478:481 arg1 sequences 488:496 16S rRNA gene sequences 474:496 16S rRNA gene sequences 474:496 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-17212(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) (97.3%). 25825245 3 39 theme optimum 365:371 arg1 °C 361:362 10-50 °C 355:362 10-50 °C (optimum 30 °C) 355:378 Isolate FJAT-17212(T) grew at 10-50 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-11 (optimum pH 7) and with 0-6% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 25825245 3 39 theme optimum 365:371 arg1 °C 376:377 optimum 30 °C 365:377 optimum 30 °C 365:377 Isolate FJAT-17212(T) grew at 10-50 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-11 (optimum pH 7) and with 0-6% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 25825245 4 40 theme 16S 474:476 arg1 sequences 488:496 16S rRNA gene sequences 474:496 16S rRNA gene sequences 474:496 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-17212(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) (97.3%). 25825245 10 41 theme type 1303:1306 arg1 FJAT-17212 1318:1327 FJAT-17212 1318:1327 FJAT-17212 1318:1327 The type strain is FJAT-17212(T) ( = DSM 27848(T) = CGMCC 1.12709(T)). 25825245 10 41 theme type 1303:1306 arg1 strain 1308:1313 The type strain 1299:1313 The type strain 1299:1313 The type strain is FJAT-17212(T) ( = DSM 27848(T) = CGMCC 1.12709(T)). 25825245 2 42 dep Gram-staining-positive 105:126 arg1 rod-shaped 129:138 rod-shaped 129:138 rod-shaped 129:138 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-17212(T)) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), on the Wuyishan mountain of China. 25825245 2 42 dep Gram-staining-positive 105:126 arg1 aerobic 160:166 aerobic 160:166 aerobic 160:166 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-17212(T)) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), on the Wuyishan mountain of China. 25825245 2 42 dep Gram-staining-positive 105:126 arg1 endospore-forming 141:157 endospore-forming 141:157 endospore-forming 141:157 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-17212(T)) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), on the Wuyishan mountain of China. 25825245 7 43 theme 39.8 1073:1076 arg1 mol 1078:1080 mol 1078:1080 mol 1078:1080 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (35.7%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8%), iso-C14 : 0 (9.9%) and iso-C16 : 0 (9.9%) and the DNA G+C content was 39.8 mol%. 25825245 3 44 theme optimum 430:436 arg1 % 439:439 optimum 2% 430:439 optimum 2% 430:439 Isolate FJAT-17212(T) grew at 10-50 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-11 (optimum pH 7) and with 0-6% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 25825245 3 44 theme optimum 430:436 arg1 NaCl 424:427 0-6% (w/v) NaCl 413:427 0-6% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%) 413:440 Isolate FJAT-17212(T) grew at 10-50 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-11 (optimum pH 7) and with 0-6% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 25825245 5 45 dep low 742:744 arg1 % 751:751 35.2% ± 2.3 747:757 35.2% ± 2.3 747:757 DNA-DNA relatedness between isolate FJAT-17212(T) and B. galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) was low (35.2% ± 2.3). 25825245 10 46 theme = 1349:1349 arg1 T 1365:1365  = DSM 27848(T) = CGMCC 1.12709(T) 1333:1366  = DSM 27848(T) = CGMCC 1.12709(T) 1333:1366 The type strain is FJAT-17212(T) ( = DSM 27848(T) = CGMCC 1.12709(T)). 25825245 10 46 theme = 1349:1349 arg1 FJAT-17212 1318:1327 FJAT-17212 1318:1327 FJAT-17212 1318:1327 The type strain is FJAT-17212(T) ( = DSM 27848(T) = CGMCC 1.12709(T)). 25825245 8 47 dep name 1249:1252 arg1 sp 1277:1278 Bacillus wuyishanensis sp 1254:1278 the name Bacillus wuyishanensis sp 1245:1278 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-17212(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus wuyishanensis sp. 25825245 6 48 theme meso-diaminopimelic 839:857 arg1 acid 784:787 The diagnostic diamino acid 761:787 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-17212(T) 761:833 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-17212(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (80.8%). 25825245 6 48 theme meso-diaminopimelic 839:857 arg1 acid 859:862 meso-diaminopimelic acid 839:862 meso-diaminopimelic acid 839:862 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-17212(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (80.8%). 25825245 6 49 theme predominant 872:882 arg1 MK-7 907:910 MK-7 907:910 MK-7 907:910 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-17212(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (80.8%). 25825245 6 49 theme predominant 872:882 arg1 quinone 895:901 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 868:901 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 868:901 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-17212(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (80.8%). 25825245 4 50 theme isolate 510:516 arg1 T 529:529 T 529:529 T 529:529 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-17212(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) (97.3%). 25825245 4 50 theme isolate 510:516 arg1 FJAT-17212 518:527 isolate FJAT-17212 510:527 isolate FJAT-17212(T) 510:530 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-17212(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) (97.3%). 25825245 4 50 theme isolate 510:516 arg1 member 538:543 a member 536:543 a member of the genus Bacillus 536:565 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-17212(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) (97.3%). 25825245 5 51 dep B. 703:704 arg1 galactosidilyticus 706:723 galactosidilyticus 706:723 galactosidilyticus 706:723 DNA-DNA relatedness between isolate FJAT-17212(T) and B. galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) was low (35.2% ± 2.3). 25825245 7 52 theme fatty 940:944 arg1 0 967:967 0 967:967 0 967:967 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (35.7%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8%), iso-C14 : 0 (9.9%) and iso-C16 : 0 (9.9%) and the DNA G+C content was 39.8 mol%. 25825245 7 52 theme fatty 940:944 arg1 acids 946:950 The major cellular fatty acids 921:950 The major cellular fatty acids 921:950 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (35.7%), anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8%), iso-C14 : 0 (9.9%) and iso-C16 : 0 (9.9%) and the DNA G+C content was 39.8 mol%. 25825245 6 53 theme diagnostic 765:774 arg1 acid 784:787 The diagnostic diamino acid 761:787 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-17212(T) 761:833 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-17212(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (80.8%). 25825245 6 53 theme diagnostic 765:774 arg1 acid 859:862 meso-diaminopimelic acid 839:862 meso-diaminopimelic acid 839:862 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-17212(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (80.8%). 25825245 2 54 theme rhizosphere 216:226 arg1 soil 228:231 the rhizosphere soil 212:231 the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), 212:288 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-17212(T)) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), on the Wuyishan mountain of China. 25825245 5 55 theme isolate 677:683 arg1 FJAT-17212 685:694 isolate FJAT-17212 677:694 isolate FJAT-17212(T) 677:697 DNA-DNA relatedness between isolate FJAT-17212(T) and B. galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) was low (35.2% ± 2.3). 25825245 5 55 theme isolate 677:683 arg1 T 696:696 T 696:696 T 696:696 DNA-DNA relatedness between isolate FJAT-17212(T) and B. galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) was low (35.2% ± 2.3). 25825245 3 56 theme Isolate 325:331 arg1 T 344:344 T 344:344 T 344:344 Isolate FJAT-17212(T) grew at 10-50 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-11 (optimum pH 7) and with 0-6% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 25825245 3 56 theme Isolate 325:331 arg1 FJAT-17212 333:342 Isolate FJAT-17212 325:342 Isolate FJAT-17212(T) 325:345 Isolate FJAT-17212(T) grew at 10-50 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5-11 (optimum pH 7) and with 0-6% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2%). 25825245 8 57 theme wuyishanensis 1263:1275 arg1 sp 1277:1278 Bacillus wuyishanensis sp 1254:1278 the name Bacillus wuyishanensis sp 1245:1278 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-17212(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus wuyishanensis sp. 25825245 2 58 theme Gram-staining-positive 105:126 arg1 bacterium 168:176 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 103:176 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-17212(T)) 103:192 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-17212(T)) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), on the Wuyishan mountain of China. 25825245 2 58 theme Gram-staining-positive 105:126 arg1 FJAT-17212 179:188 FJAT-17212 179:188 FJAT-17212(T) 179:191 A Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-17212(T)) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris (common selfheal), on the Wuyishan mountain of China. 25825245 4 59 theme Bacillus 599:606 arg1 % 645:645 97.3% 641:645 97.3% 641:645 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-17212(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) (97.3%). 25825245 4 59 theme Bacillus 599:606 arg1 DSM 627:629 Bacillus galactosidilyticus DSM 15595 599:635 Bacillus galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) (97.3%) 599:646 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-17212(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) (97.3%). 25825245 4 59 theme Bacillus 599:606 arg1 T 637:637 T 637:637 T 637:637 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-17212(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) (97.3%). 25825245 1 60 dep Prunella 84:91 arg1 vulgaris 93:100 Prunella vulgaris 84:100 Prunella vulgaris 84:100 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris. 25825245 1 60 dep Prunella 84:91 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a medical plant, Prunella vulgaris. 25825245 8 61 theme Bacillus 1254:1261 arg1 sp 1277:1278 Bacillus wuyishanensis sp 1254:1278 the name Bacillus wuyishanensis sp 1245:1278 Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-17212(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus wuyishanensis sp. 25825245 4 62 theme Phylogenetic 443:454 arg1 analyses 456:463 Phylogenetic analyses 443:463 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 443:496 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-17212(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus galactosidilyticus DSM 15595(T) (97.3%). 27668214 2 0 theme important 439:447 arg1 implications 449:460 important implications 439:460 important implications 439:460 Therefore, the spatial distribution of PM components, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it, have important implications in various biological fields including cell development, neurobiology, and immunology. 27668214 3 1 theme micrometer-size 669:683 arg1 domains 685:691 micrometer-size domains 669:691 micrometer-size domains with different protein and lipid composition 669:736 The existence of confined compartments in the plasma membrane that vary on many length scales from protein multimers to micrometer-size domains with different protein and lipid composition is today beyond all questions. 27668214 5 2 theme lipids 1065:1070 arg1 diffraction-limit 1138:1154 the diffraction-limit 1134:1154 the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light 1134:1246 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. 27668214 5 2 theme lipids 1065:1070 arg1 labeling 1053:1060 the specific labeling 1040:1060 the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution 1040:1128 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. 27668214 5 2 theme lipids 1065:1070 arg1 problems 1030:1037 two problems 1026:1037 two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light 1026:1246 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. 27668214 5 3 theme specific 1044:1051 arg1 problems 1030:1037 two problems 1026:1037 two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light 1026:1246 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. 27668214 5 3 theme specific 1044:1051 arg1 labeling 1053:1060 the specific labeling 1040:1060 the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution 1040:1128 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. 27668214 5 4 theme microscopy 1172:1181 arg1 diffraction-limit 1138:1154 the diffraction-limit 1134:1154 the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light 1134:1246 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. 27668214 5 4 theme microscopy 1172:1181 arg1 labeling 1053:1060 the specific labeling 1040:1060 the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution 1040:1128 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. 27668214 5 4 theme microscopy 1172:1181 arg1 problems 1030:1037 two problems 1026:1037 two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light 1026:1246 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. 27668214 5 5 theme proteins 1076:1083 arg1 diffraction-limit 1138:1154 the diffraction-limit 1134:1154 the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light 1134:1246 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. 27668214 5 5 theme proteins 1076:1083 arg1 labeling 1053:1060 the specific labeling 1040:1060 the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution 1040:1128 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. 27668214 5 5 theme proteins 1076:1083 arg1 problems 1030:1037 two problems 1026:1037 two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light 1026:1246 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. 27668214 3 6 theme protein 648:654 arg1 multimers 656:664 protein multimers 648:664 protein multimers 648:664 The existence of confined compartments in the plasma membrane that vary on many length scales from protein multimers to micrometer-size domains with different protein and lipid composition is today beyond all questions. 27668214 4 7 theme spatial 825:831 arg1 organization 833:844 the spatial organization 821:844 the spatial organization of PM components 821:861 As much as the physiology of cells is controlled by the spatial organization of PM components, the study of distribution, size, and composition remains challenging. 27668214 6 8 with glycans 1417:1423 arg1 fluorophores 1438:1449 organic fluorophores 1430:1449 organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity 1430:1604 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 5 9 theme light 1242:1246 arg1 wavelength 1228:1237 the wavelength 1224:1237 about half the wavelength of light 1213:1246 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. 27668214 6 10 from fluorophores 1438:1449 arg1 combination 1454:1464 combination 1454:1464 combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity 1454:1604 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 5 11 theme molecular 955:963 arg1 distribution 965:976 the molecular distribution 951:976 the molecular distribution of PM components 951:993 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. 27668214 4 12 theme PM 849:850 arg1 components 852:861 PM components 849:861 PM components 849:861 As much as the physiology of cells is controlled by the spatial organization of PM components, the study of distribution, size, and composition remains challenging. 27668214 1 13 theme cell 236:239 arg1 adhesion 241:248 cell adhesion 236:248 cell adhesion 236:248 Besides its function as a passive cell wall, the plasma membrane (PM) serves as a platform for different physiological processes such as signal transduction and cell adhesion, determining the ability of cells to communicate with the exterior, and form tissues. 27668214 6 14 theme metabolic 1338:1346 arg1 labeling 1348:1355 metabolic labeling 1338:1355 metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity 1338:1604 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 3 15 theme different 698:706 arg1 protein 708:714 different protein and lipid composition 698:736 protein 708:714 The existence of confined compartments in the plasma membrane that vary on many length scales from protein multimers to micrometer-size domains with different protein and lipid composition is today beyond all questions. 27668214 6 16 theme click 1318:1322 arg1 chemistry 1324:1332 click chemistry 1318:1332 click chemistry 1318:1332 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 2 17 theme biological 473:482 arg1 immunology 537:546 immunology 537:546 immunology 537:546 Therefore, the spatial distribution of PM components, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it, have important implications in various biological fields including cell development, neurobiology, and immunology. 27668214 2 17 theme biological 473:482 arg1 neurobiology 519:530 neurobiology 519:530 neurobiology 519:530 Therefore, the spatial distribution of PM components, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it, have important implications in various biological fields including cell development, neurobiology, and immunology. 27668214 2 17 theme biological 473:482 arg1 fields 484:489 various biological fields 465:489 various biological fields including cell development, neurobiology, and immunology 465:546 Therefore, the spatial distribution of PM components, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it, have important implications in various biological fields including cell development, neurobiology, and immunology. 27668214 2 17 theme biological 473:482 arg1 development 506:516 cell development 501:516 cell development 501:516 Therefore, the spatial distribution of PM components, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it, have important implications in various biological fields including cell development, neurobiology, and immunology. 27668214 6 18 theme PM 1401:1402 arg1 proteins 1404:1411 PM proteins 1401:1411 PM proteins 1401:1411 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 2 19 theme spatial 351:357 arg1 distribution 359:370 the spatial distribution 347:370 the spatial distribution of PM components 347:387 Therefore, the spatial distribution of PM components, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it, have important implications in various biological fields including cell development, neurobiology, and immunology. 27668214 2 20 theme various 465:471 arg1 immunology 537:546 immunology 537:546 immunology 537:546 Therefore, the spatial distribution of PM components, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it, have important implications in various biological fields including cell development, neurobiology, and immunology. 27668214 2 20 theme various 465:471 arg1 neurobiology 519:530 neurobiology 519:530 neurobiology 519:530 Therefore, the spatial distribution of PM components, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it, have important implications in various biological fields including cell development, neurobiology, and immunology. 27668214 2 20 theme various 465:471 arg1 fields 484:489 various biological fields 465:489 various biological fields including cell development, neurobiology, and immunology 465:546 Therefore, the spatial distribution of PM components, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it, have important implications in various biological fields including cell development, neurobiology, and immunology. 27668214 2 20 theme various 465:471 arg1 development 506:516 cell development 501:516 cell development 501:516 Therefore, the spatial distribution of PM components, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it, have important implications in various biological fields including cell development, neurobiology, and immunology. 27668214 6 21 theme proteins 1404:1411 arg1 glycans 1417:1423 glycans 1417:1423 glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity 1417:1604 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 6 21 theme proteins 1404:1411 arg1 visualization 1384:1396 efficient and specific visualization 1361:1396 efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins 1361:1411 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 2 22 theme molecular 398:406 arg1 mechanisms 408:417 the molecular mechanisms 394:417 the molecular mechanisms underlying it 394:431 Therefore, the spatial distribution of PM components, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it, have important implications in various biological fields including cell development, neurobiology, and immunology. 27668214 5 23 theme fluorescence 1159:1170 arg1 microscopy 1172:1181 fluorescence microscopy 1159:1181 fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light 1159:1246 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. 27668214 6 24 with visualization 1384:1396 arg1 fluorophores 1438:1449 organic fluorophores 1430:1449 organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity 1430:1604 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 6 25 theme chemical 1282:1289 arg1 strategy 1300:1307 a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy 1266:1307 a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity 1266:1604 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 0 26 theme Super-Resolution 0:15 arg1 Imaging 17:23 Super-Resolution Imaging 0:23 Super-Resolution Imaging of Plasma Membrane Proteins with Click Chemistry. 0:73 Super-Resolution Imaging of Plasma Membrane Proteins with Click Chemistry. 27668214 6 27 with combination 1454:1464 arg1 imaging 1501:1507 super-resolution fluorescence imaging 1471:1507 super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity 1471:1604 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 6 28 theme reconstruction 1538:1551 arg1 dSTORM 1565:1570 dSTORM 1565:1570 dSTORM 1565:1570 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 6 28 theme reconstruction 1538:1551 arg1 microscopy 1553:1562 direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy 1512:1562 direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity 1512:1604 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 0 29 theme Plasma 28:33 arg1 Proteins 44:51 Plasma Membrane Proteins 28:51 Plasma Membrane Proteins 28:51 Super-Resolution Imaging of Plasma Membrane Proteins with Click Chemistry. 27668214 5 30 theme distribution 965:976 arg1 Visualization 934:946 Visualization 934:946 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components 934:993 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. 27668214 4 31 theme distribution 877:888 arg1 study 868:872 the study 864:872 the study of distribution, size, and composition 864:911 As much as the physiology of cells is controlled by the spatial organization of PM components, the study of distribution, size, and composition remains challenging. 27668214 3 32 from existence 553:561 arg1 membrane 602:609 the plasma membrane 591:609 the plasma membrane that vary on many length scales from protein multimers to micrometer-size domains with different protein and lipid composition 591:736 The existence of confined compartments in the plasma membrane that vary on many length scales from protein multimers to micrometer-size domains with different protein and lipid composition is today beyond all questions. 27668214 2 33 theme components 378:387 arg1 mechanisms 408:417 the molecular mechanisms 394:417 the molecular mechanisms underlying it 394:431 Therefore, the spatial distribution of PM components, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it, have important implications in various biological fields including cell development, neurobiology, and immunology. 27668214 2 33 theme components 378:387 arg1 distribution 359:370 the spatial distribution 347:370 the spatial distribution of PM components 347:387 Therefore, the spatial distribution of PM components, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it, have important implications in various biological fields including cell development, neurobiology, and immunology. 27668214 6 34 theme organic 1430:1436 arg1 fluorophores 1438:1449 organic fluorophores 1430:1449 organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity 1430:1604 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 6 35 with microscopy 1553:1562 arg1 sensitivity 1594:1604 single-molecule sensitivity 1578:1604 single-molecule sensitivity 1578:1604 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 5 36 dep half 1219:1222 arg1 wavelength 1228:1237 the wavelength 1224:1237 about half the wavelength of light 1213:1246 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. 27668214 1 37 theme passive 101:107 arg1 wall 114:117 a passive cell wall 99:117 a passive cell wall 99:117 Besides its function as a passive cell wall, the plasma membrane (PM) serves as a platform for different physiological processes such as signal transduction and cell adhesion, determining the ability of cells to communicate with the exterior, and form tissues. 27668214 6 38 theme stochastic 1519:1528 arg1 dSTORM 1565:1570 dSTORM 1565:1570 dSTORM 1565:1570 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 6 38 theme stochastic 1519:1528 arg1 microscopy 1553:1562 direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy 1512:1562 direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity 1512:1604 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 2 39 theme PM 375:376 arg1 components 378:387 PM components 375:387 PM components 375:387 Therefore, the spatial distribution of PM components, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it, have important implications in various biological fields including cell development, neurobiology, and immunology. 27668214 0 40 theme Proteins 44:51 arg1 Imaging 17:23 Super-Resolution Imaging 0:23 Super-Resolution Imaging of Plasma Membrane Proteins with Click Chemistry. 0:73 Super-Resolution Imaging of Plasma Membrane Proteins with Click Chemistry. 27668214 3 41 theme lipid 720:724 arg1 composition 726:736 different protein and lipid composition 698:736 composition 726:736 The existence of confined compartments in the plasma membrane that vary on many length scales from protein multimers to micrometer-size domains with different protein and lipid composition is today beyond all questions. 27668214 4 42 theme size 891:894 arg1 study 868:872 the study 864:872 the study of distribution, size, and composition 864:911 As much as the physiology of cells is controlled by the spatial organization of PM components, the study of distribution, size, and composition remains challenging. 27668214 5 43 theme PM 981:982 arg1 components 984:993 PM components 981:993 PM components 981:993 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. 27668214 6 44 theme direct 1512:1517 arg1 dSTORM 1565:1570 dSTORM 1565:1570 dSTORM 1565:1570 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 6 44 theme direct 1512:1517 arg1 microscopy 1553:1562 direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy 1512:1562 direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity 1512:1604 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 1 45 theme different 170:178 arg1 processes 194:202 different physiological processes 170:202 different physiological processes such as signal transduction and cell adhesion 170:248 Besides its function as a passive cell wall, the plasma membrane (PM) serves as a platform for different physiological processes such as signal transduction and cell adhesion, determining the ability of cells to communicate with the exterior, and form tissues. 27668214 1 45 theme different 170:178 arg1 transduction 219:230 signal transduction 212:230 signal transduction 212:230 Besides its function as a passive cell wall, the plasma membrane (PM) serves as a platform for different physiological processes such as signal transduction and cell adhesion, determining the ability of cells to communicate with the exterior, and form tissues. 27668214 1 45 theme different 170:178 arg1 adhesion 241:248 cell adhesion 236:248 cell adhesion 236:248 Besides its function as a passive cell wall, the plasma membrane (PM) serves as a platform for different physiological processes such as signal transduction and cell adhesion, determining the ability of cells to communicate with the exterior, and form tissues. 27668214 0 46 theme Membrane 35:42 arg1 Proteins 44:51 Plasma Membrane Proteins 28:51 Plasma Membrane Proteins 28:51 Super-Resolution Imaging of Plasma Membrane Proteins with Click Chemistry. 27668214 3 47 from multimers 656:664 arg1 scales 636:641 many length scales 624:641 many length scales from protein multimers 624:664 The existence of confined compartments in the plasma membrane that vary on many length scales from protein multimers to micrometer-size domains with different protein and lipid composition is today beyond all questions. 27668214 2 48 theme cell 501:504 arg1 development 506:516 cell development 501:516 cell development 501:516 Therefore, the spatial distribution of PM components, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it, have important implications in various biological fields including cell development, neurobiology, and immunology. 27668214 3 49 theme confined 566:573 arg1 compartments 575:586 confined compartments 566:586 confined compartments 566:586 The existence of confined compartments in the plasma membrane that vary on many length scales from protein multimers to micrometer-size domains with different protein and lipid composition is today beyond all questions. 27668214 2 50 contain have 434:437 arg1 mechanisms 408:417 the molecular mechanisms 394:417 the molecular mechanisms underlying it 394:431 Therefore, the spatial distribution of PM components, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it, have important implications in various biological fields including cell development, neurobiology, and immunology. 27668214 2 50 contain have 434:437 arg1 distribution 359:370 the spatial distribution 347:370 the spatial distribution of PM components 347:387 Therefore, the spatial distribution of PM components, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it, have important implications in various biological fields including cell development, neurobiology, and immunology. 27668214 2 50 contain have 434:437 arg2 implications 449:460 important implications 439:460 important implications 439:460 Therefore, the spatial distribution of PM components, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it, have important implications in various biological fields including cell development, neurobiology, and immunology. 27668214 1 51 theme physiological 180:192 arg1 processes 194:202 different physiological processes 170:202 different physiological processes such as signal transduction and cell adhesion 170:248 Besides its function as a passive cell wall, the plasma membrane (PM) serves as a platform for different physiological processes such as signal transduction and cell adhesion, determining the ability of cells to communicate with the exterior, and form tissues. 27668214 1 51 theme physiological 180:192 arg1 transduction 219:230 signal transduction 212:230 signal transduction 212:230 Besides its function as a passive cell wall, the plasma membrane (PM) serves as a platform for different physiological processes such as signal transduction and cell adhesion, determining the ability of cells to communicate with the exterior, and form tissues. 27668214 1 51 theme physiological 180:192 arg1 adhesion 241:248 cell adhesion 236:248 cell adhesion 236:248 Besides its function as a passive cell wall, the plasma membrane (PM) serves as a platform for different physiological processes such as signal transduction and cell adhesion, determining the ability of cells to communicate with the exterior, and form tissues. 27668214 0 52 theme Click 58:62 arg1 Chemistry 64:72 Click Chemistry 58:72 Click Chemistry 58:72 Super-Resolution Imaging of Plasma Membrane Proteins with Click Chemistry. 27668214 1 53 theme cells 278:282 arg1 ability 267:273 the ability 263:273 the ability of cells to communicate with the exterior, and form tissues 263:333 Besides its function as a passive cell wall, the plasma membrane (PM) serves as a platform for different physiological processes such as signal transduction and cell adhesion, determining the ability of cells to communicate with the exterior, and form tissues. 27668214 6 54 theme reporter 1291:1298 arg1 strategy 1300:1307 a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy 1266:1307 a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity 1266:1604 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 4 55 theme cells 798:802 arg1 physiology 784:793 the physiology 780:793 the physiology of cells 780:802 As much as the physiology of cells is controlled by the spatial organization of PM components, the study of distribution, size, and composition remains challenging. 27668214 1 56 theme cell 109:112 arg1 wall 114:117 a passive cell wall 99:117 a passive cell wall 99:117 Besides its function as a passive cell wall, the plasma membrane (PM) serves as a platform for different physiological processes such as signal transduction and cell adhesion, determining the ability of cells to communicate with the exterior, and form tissues. 27668214 4 57 theme components 852:861 arg1 organization 833:844 the spatial organization 821:844 the spatial organization of PM components 821:861 As much as the physiology of cells is controlled by the spatial organization of PM components, the study of distribution, size, and composition remains challenging. 27668214 0 58 with Imaging 17:23 arg1 Chemistry 64:72 Click Chemistry 58:72 Click Chemistry 58:72 Super-Resolution Imaging of Plasma Membrane Proteins with Click Chemistry. 27668214 3 59 with domains 685:691 arg1 composition 726:736 different protein and lipid composition 698:736 composition 726:736 The existence of confined compartments in the plasma membrane that vary on many length scales from protein multimers to micrometer-size domains with different protein and lipid composition is today beyond all questions. 27668214 3 59 with domains 685:691 arg1 protein 708:714 different protein and lipid composition 698:736 protein 708:714 The existence of confined compartments in the plasma membrane that vary on many length scales from protein multimers to micrometer-size domains with different protein and lipid composition is today beyond all questions. 27668214 6 60 theme efficient 1361:1369 arg1 visualization 1384:1396 efficient and specific visualization 1361:1396 efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins 1361:1411 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 6 61 theme bioorthogonal 1268:1280 arg1 strategy 1300:1307 a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy 1266:1307 a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity 1266:1604 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 5 62 theme components 984:993 arg1 distribution 965:976 the molecular distribution 951:976 the molecular distribution of PM components 951:993 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. 27668214 3 63 theme many 624:627 arg1 scales 636:641 many length scales 624:641 many length scales from protein multimers 624:664 The existence of confined compartments in the plasma membrane that vary on many length scales from protein multimers to micrometer-size domains with different protein and lipid composition is today beyond all questions. 27668214 3 64 theme plasma 595:600 arg1 membrane 602:609 the plasma membrane 591:609 the plasma membrane that vary on many length scales from protein multimers to micrometer-size domains with different protein and lipid composition 591:736 The existence of confined compartments in the plasma membrane that vary on many length scales from protein multimers to micrometer-size domains with different protein and lipid composition is today beyond all questions. 27668214 6 65 theme optical 1530:1536 arg1 dSTORM 1565:1570 dSTORM 1565:1570 dSTORM 1565:1570 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 6 65 theme optical 1530:1536 arg1 microscopy 1553:1562 direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy 1512:1562 direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity 1512:1604 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 6 66 theme fluorescence 1488:1499 arg1 imaging 1501:1507 super-resolution fluorescence imaging 1471:1507 super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity 1471:1604 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 6 67 theme specific 1375:1382 arg1 visualization 1384:1396 efficient and specific visualization 1361:1396 efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins 1361:1411 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 3 68 theme length 629:634 arg1 scales 636:641 many length scales 624:641 many length scales from protein multimers 624:664 The existence of confined compartments in the plasma membrane that vary on many length scales from protein multimers to micrometer-size domains with different protein and lipid composition is today beyond all questions. 27668214 3 69 theme compartments 575:586 arg1 existence 553:561 The existence 549:561 The existence of confined compartments in the plasma membrane that vary on many length scales from protein multimers to micrometer-size domains with different protein and lipid composition 549:736 The existence of confined compartments in the plasma membrane that vary on many length scales from protein multimers to micrometer-size domains with different protein and lipid composition is today beyond all questions. 27668214 1 70 theme plasma 124:129 arg1 membrane 131:138 the plasma membrane 120:138 the plasma membrane (PM) 120:143 Besides its function as a passive cell wall, the plasma membrane (PM) serves as a platform for different physiological processes such as signal transduction and cell adhesion, determining the ability of cells to communicate with the exterior, and form tissues. 27668214 1 70 theme plasma 124:129 arg1 platform 157:164 a platform 155:164 a platform for different physiological processes such as signal transduction and cell adhesion 155:248 Besides its function as a passive cell wall, the plasma membrane (PM) serves as a platform for different physiological processes such as signal transduction and cell adhesion, determining the ability of cells to communicate with the exterior, and form tissues. 27668214 1 70 theme plasma 124:129 arg1 PM 141:142 PM 141:142 PM 141:142 Besides its function as a passive cell wall, the plasma membrane (PM) serves as a platform for different physiological processes such as signal transduction and cell adhesion, determining the ability of cells to communicate with the exterior, and form tissues. 27668214 6 71 theme super-resolution 1471:1486 arg1 imaging 1501:1507 super-resolution fluorescence imaging 1471:1507 super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity 1471:1604 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 5 72 theme native 1110:1115 arg1 distribution 1117:1128 their native distribution 1104:1128 their native distribution 1104:1128 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. 27668214 5 73 dep problems 1030:1037 arg1 diffraction-limit 1138:1154 the diffraction-limit 1134:1154 the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light 1134:1246 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. 27668214 5 73 dep problems 1030:1037 arg1 labeling 1053:1060 the specific labeling 1040:1060 the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution 1040:1128 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. 27668214 5 73 dep problems 1030:1037 arg1 problems 1030:1037 two problems 1026:1037 two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light 1026:1246 Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. 27668214 6 74 theme single-molecule 1578:1592 arg1 sensitivity 1594:1604 single-molecule sensitivity 1578:1604 single-molecule sensitivity 1578:1604 Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity. 27668214 4 75 theme composition 901:911 arg1 study 868:872 the study 864:872 the study of distribution, size, and composition 864:911 As much as the physiology of cells is controlled by the spatial organization of PM components, the study of distribution, size, and composition remains challenging. 27668214 1 76 theme signal 212:217 arg1 transduction 219:230 signal transduction 212:230 signal transduction 212:230 Besides its function as a passive cell wall, the plasma membrane (PM) serves as a platform for different physiological processes such as signal transduction and cell adhesion, determining the ability of cells to communicate with the exterior, and form tissues. 27117173 4 0 theme cell-wall 482:490 arg1 peptidoglycan 492:504 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 478:504 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 478:504 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7. 27117173 8 1 theme nucleotide 1053:1062 arg1 identity 1064:1071 The average nucleotide identity 1041:1071 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, 1041:1164 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, was 71.60 % (JSpecies), less than the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus. 27117173 8 1 theme nucleotide 1053:1062 arg1 % 1176:1176 71.60 % 1170:1176 71.60 % (JSpecies) 1170:1187 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, was 71.60 % (JSpecies), less than the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus. 27117173 3 2 located observed 308:315 arg2 Growth 297:302 Growth 297:302 Growth 297:302 Growth was observed aerobically between 20 and 35 °C (optimum 30 °C), between 0 and 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 0 %) concentration and pH in the range 6.0-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0). 27117173 3 2 located observed 308:315 arg1 range 443:447 the range 6.0-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) 439:475 the range 6.0-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) 439:475 Growth was observed aerobically between 20 and 35 °C (optimum 30 °C), between 0 and 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 0 %) concentration and pH in the range 6.0-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0). 27117173 8 3 theme related 1127:1133 arg1 1321T 1159:1163 B. simplex DSM 1321T 1144:1163 B. simplex DSM 1321T 1144:1163 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, was 71.60 % (JSpecies), less than the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus. 27117173 8 3 theme related 1127:1133 arg1 species 1135:1141 the most closely related species 1110:1141 the most closely related species 1110:1141 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, was 71.60 % (JSpecies), less than the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus. 27117173 11 4 theme several 1609:1615 arg1 characters 1628:1637 several phenotypic characters 1609:1637 several phenotypic characters 1609:1637 The novel strain could be differentiated from other known Bacillus species on the basis of several phenotypic characters and fatty acid profiles. 27117173 7 5 theme 97.95  970:975 arg1 % 976:976 % 976:976 % 976:976 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-27997T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was related most closely to Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T (97.95 % similarity), followed by Bacillushuizhouensis GSS03T (97.9 %). 27117173 4 6 theme isoprenoid 555:564 arg1 MK-7 590:593 the major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 545:593 the major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 545:593 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7. 27117173 8 7 theme strain 1087:1092 arg1 FJAT-27997T 1094:1104 strain FJAT-27997T 1087:1104 strain FJAT-27997T 1087:1104 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, was 71.60 % (JSpecies), less than the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus. 27117173 4 8 theme was 574:576 arg1 MK-7 590:593 the major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 545:593 the major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 545:593 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7. 27117173 11 9 theme fatty 1643:1647 arg1 profiles 1654:1661 fatty acid profiles 1643:1661 fatty acid profiles 1643:1661 The novel strain could be differentiated from other known Bacillus species on the basis of several phenotypic characters and fatty acid profiles. 27117173 7 10 theme simplex 951:957 arg1 similarity 978:987 97.95 % similarity 970:987 97.95 % similarity 970:987 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-27997T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was related most closely to Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T (97.95 % similarity), followed by Bacillushuizhouensis GSS03T (97.9 %). 27117173 7 10 theme simplex 951:957 arg1 1321T 963:967 Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T 942:967 Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T (97.95 % similarity) 942:988 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-27997T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was related most closely to Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T (97.95 % similarity), followed by Bacillushuizhouensis GSS03T (97.9 %). 27117173 4 11 contain contained 506:514 arg1 peptidoglycan 492:504 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 478:504 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 478:504 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7. 27117173 4 11 contain contained 506:514 arg2 acid 536:539 meso-diaminopimelic acid 516:539 meso-diaminopimelic acid 516:539 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7. 27117173 4 11 contain contained 506:514 arg2 MK-7 590:593 the major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 545:593 the major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 545:593 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7. 27117173 9 12 theme hybridization 1314:1326 arg1 values 1328:1333 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values 1292:1333 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27997T and its most closely related species 1292:1397 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27997T and its most closely related species were <70 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 27117173 9 12 theme hybridization 1314:1326 arg1 % 1408:1408 <70 % 1404:1408 <70 % 1404:1408 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27997T and its most closely related species were <70 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 27117173 12 13 theme Bacillus 1784:1791 arg1 sp 1806:1807 name Bacillus loiseleuriae sp 1779:1807 the name Bacillus loiseleuriae sp 1775:1807 This taxononomic/genomic study revealed that strain FJAT-27997T represents a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus loiseleuriae sp. 27117173 11 14 theme characters 1628:1637 arg1 basis 1600:1604 the basis 1596:1604 the basis of several phenotypic characters and fatty acid profiles 1596:1661 The novel strain could be differentiated from other known Bacillus species on the basis of several phenotypic characters and fatty acid profiles. 27117173 5 15 theme fatty 605:609 arg1 acids 611:615 The main fatty acids 596:615 The main fatty acids 596:615 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. 27117173 5 15 theme fatty 605:609 arg1 iso-C15  622:629 iso-C15  622:629 iso-C15  622:629 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. 27117173 11 16 theme other 1564:1568 arg1 species 1585:1591 other known Bacillus species 1564:1591 other known Bacillus species on the basis of several phenotypic characters and fatty acid profiles 1564:1661 The novel strain could be differentiated from other known Bacillus species on the basis of several phenotypic characters and fatty acid profiles. 27117173 2 17 theme plant 249:253 arg1 soil 227:230 the rhizosphere soil 211:230 the rhizosphere soil of a Loiseleuria plant collected from Sichuan province in China 211:294 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-27997T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a Loiseleuria plant collected from Sichuan province in China. 27117173 5 18 dep iso-C15  622:629 arg1  0 648:649  0 648:649  0 648:649 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. 27117173 5 18 dep iso-C15  622:629 arg1  0 631:632  0 631:632  0 631:632 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. 27117173 5 18 dep iso-C15  622:629 arg1 C16  665:668 C16  665:668 C16  665:668 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. 27117173 5 18 dep iso-C15  622:629 arg1  0 661:662  0 661:662  0 661:662 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. 27117173 5 18 dep iso-C15  622:629 arg1 C14  677:680 C14  677:680 C14  677:680 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. 27117173 12 19 theme Bacillus 1747:1754 arg1 species 1756:1762 a novel Bacillus species 1739:1762 a novel Bacillus species 1739:1762 This taxononomic/genomic study revealed that strain FJAT-27997T represents a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus loiseleuriae sp. 27117173 11 20 theme Bacillus 1576:1583 arg1 species 1585:1591 other known Bacillus species 1564:1591 other known Bacillus species on the basis of several phenotypic characters and fatty acid profiles 1564:1661 The novel strain could be differentiated from other known Bacillus species on the basis of several phenotypic characters and fatty acid profiles. 27117173 0 21 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 22:23 Bacillus loiseleuriae sp 0:23 Bacillus loiseleuriae sp. 0:24 Bacillus loiseleuriae sp. 27117173 7 22 theme rRNA 823:826 arg1 sequences 833:841 16S rRNA gene sequences 819:841 16S rRNA gene sequences 819:841 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-27997T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was related most closely to Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T (97.95 % similarity), followed by Bacillushuizhouensis GSS03T (97.9 %). 27117173 8 23 theme cut-off 1224:1230 arg1 value 1232:1236 the previously proposed cut-off value 1200:1236 the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus 1200:1289 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, was 71.60 % (JSpecies), less than the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus. 27117173 3 24 dep range 443:447 arg1 6.0-9.0 449:455 6.0-9.0 449:455 6.0-9.0 449:455 Growth was observed aerobically between 20 and 35 °C (optimum 30 °C), between 0 and 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 0 %) concentration and pH in the range 6.0-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0). 27117173 2 25 theme strain 173:178 arg1 FJAT-27997T 180:190 strain FJAT-27997T 173:190 strain FJAT-27997T 173:190 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-27997T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a Loiseleuria plant collected from Sichuan province in China. 27117173 2 26 dep Gram-stain-positive 91:109 arg1 rod-shaped 112:121 rod-shaped 112:121 rod-shaped 112:121 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-27997T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a Loiseleuria plant collected from Sichuan province in China. 27117173 2 26 dep Gram-stain-positive 91:109 arg1 aerobic 143:149 aerobic 143:149 aerobic 143:149 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-27997T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a Loiseleuria plant collected from Sichuan province in China. 27117173 2 26 dep Gram-stain-positive 91:109 arg1 endospore-forming 124:140 endospore-forming 124:140 endospore-forming 124:140 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-27997T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a Loiseleuria plant collected from Sichuan province in China. 27117173 8 27 theme % 1244:1244 arg1 value 1232:1236 the previously proposed cut-off value 1200:1236 the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus 1200:1289 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, was 71.60 % (JSpecies), less than the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus. 27117173 13 28 theme =CCTCC 1840:1845 arg1 101776T 1863:1869 type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T 1816:1869 type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T 1816:1869 nov. (type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T) is proposed. 27117173 13 28 theme =CCTCC 1840:1845 arg1 nov 1810:1812 nov 1810:1812 nov 1810:1812 nov. (type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T) is proposed. 27117173 3 29 dep NaCl 393:396 arg1 % 385:385 % 385:385 % 385:385 Growth was observed aerobically between 20 and 35 °C (optimum 30 °C), between 0 and 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 0 %) concentration and pH in the range 6.0-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0). 27117173 8 30 theme differentiating 1250:1264 arg1 species 1266:1272 differentiating species 1250:1272 differentiating species within the genus 1250:1289 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, was 71.60 % (JSpecies), less than the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus. 27117173 13 31 theme 2015285T=DSM 1850:1861 arg1 101776T 1863:1869 type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T 1816:1869 type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T 1816:1869 nov. (type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T) is proposed. 27117173 13 31 theme 2015285T=DSM 1850:1861 arg1 nov 1810:1812 nov 1810:1812 nov 1810:1812 nov. (type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T) is proposed. 27117173 11 32 theme profiles 1654:1661 arg1 basis 1600:1604 the basis 1596:1604 the basis of several phenotypic characters and fatty acid profiles 1596:1661 The novel strain could be differentiated from other known Bacillus species on the basis of several phenotypic characters and fatty acid profiles. 27117173 7 33 theme 16S 819:821 arg1 sequences 833:841 16S rRNA gene sequences 819:841 16S rRNA gene sequences 819:841 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-27997T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was related most closely to Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T (97.95 % similarity), followed by Bacillushuizhouensis GSS03T (97.9 %). 27117173 6 34 theme main 690:693 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 713:734 diphosphatidylglycerol 713:734 diphosphatidylglycerol 713:734 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 27117173 6 34 theme main 690:693 arg1 lipids 701:706 The main polar lipids 686:706 The main polar lipids 686:706 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 27117173 4 35 theme meso-diaminopimelic 516:534 arg1 acid 536:539 meso-diaminopimelic acid 516:539 meso-diaminopimelic acid 516:539 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7. 27117173 10 36 dep iso-C15  1485:1492 arg1  0 1494:1495  0 1494:1495  0 1494:1495 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 27117173 10 36 dep iso-C15  1485:1492 arg1  0 1514:1515  0 1514:1515 iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 1485:1515 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 27117173 10 36 dep iso-C15  1485:1492 arg1 anteiso-C15  1501:1512 anteiso-C15  1501:1512 anteiso-C15  1501:1512 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 27117173 13 37 theme strain 1821:1826 arg1 101776T 1863:1869 type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T 1816:1869 type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T 1816:1869 nov. (type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T) is proposed. 27117173 13 37 theme strain 1821:1826 arg1 nov 1810:1812 nov 1810:1812 nov 1810:1812 nov. (type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T) is proposed. 27117173 7 38 theme Phylogenetic 788:799 arg1 analyses 801:808 Phylogenetic analyses 788:808 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 788:841 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-27997T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was related most closely to Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T (97.95 % similarity), followed by Bacillushuizhouensis GSS03T (97.9 %). 27117173 2 39 theme Gram-stain-positive 91:109 arg1 bacterium 151:159 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 89:159 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 89:159 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-27997T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a Loiseleuria plant collected from Sichuan province in China. 27117173 7 40 theme % 976:976 arg1 similarity 978:987 97.95 % similarity 970:987 97.95 % similarity 970:987 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-27997T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was related most closely to Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T (97.95 % similarity), followed by Bacillushuizhouensis GSS03T (97.9 %). 27117173 7 40 theme % 976:976 arg1 1321T 963:967 Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T 942:967 Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T (97.95 % similarity) 942:988 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-27997T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was related most closely to Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T (97.95 % similarity), followed by Bacillushuizhouensis GSS03T (97.9 %). 27117173 2 41 theme Sichuan 270:276 arg1 province 278:285 Sichuan province 270:285 Sichuan province in China 270:294 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-27997T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a Loiseleuria plant collected from Sichuan province in China. 27117173 8 42 theme average 1045:1051 arg1 identity 1064:1071 The average nucleotide identity 1041:1071 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, 1041:1164 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, was 71.60 % (JSpecies), less than the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus. 27117173 8 42 theme average 1045:1051 arg1 % 1176:1176 71.60 % 1170:1176 71.60 % (JSpecies) 1170:1187 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, was 71.60 % (JSpecies), less than the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus. 27117173 4 43 theme menaquinone 578:588 arg1 MK-7 590:593 the major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 545:593 the major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 545:593 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7. 27117173 12 44 theme loiseleuriae 1793:1804 arg1 sp 1806:1807 name Bacillus loiseleuriae sp 1779:1807 the name Bacillus loiseleuriae sp 1775:1807 This taxononomic/genomic study revealed that strain FJAT-27997T represents a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus loiseleuriae sp. 27117173 11 45 theme phenotypic 1617:1626 arg1 characters 1628:1637 several phenotypic characters 1609:1637 several phenotypic characters 1609:1637 The novel strain could be differentiated from other known Bacillus species on the basis of several phenotypic characters and fatty acid profiles. 27117173 7 46 theme DSM 959:961 arg1 similarity 978:987 97.95 % similarity 970:987 97.95 % similarity 970:987 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-27997T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was related most closely to Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T (97.95 % similarity), followed by Bacillushuizhouensis GSS03T (97.9 %). 27117173 7 46 theme DSM 959:961 arg1 1321T 963:967 Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T 942:967 Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T (97.95 % similarity) 942:988 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-27997T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was related most closely to Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T (97.95 % similarity), followed by Bacillushuizhouensis GSS03T (97.9 %). 27117173 9 47 theme different 1443:1451 arg1 taxa 1453:1456 different taxa 1443:1456 different taxa 1443:1456 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27997T and its most closely related species were <70 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 27117173 9 48 theme in 1296:1297 arg1 hybridization 1314:1326 in silico DNA-DNA hybridization 1296:1326 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27997T and its most closely related species 1292:1397 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27997T and its most closely related species were <70 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 27117173 11 49 from species 1585:1591 arg1 basis 1600:1604 the basis 1596:1604 the basis of several phenotypic characters and fatty acid profiles 1596:1661 The novel strain could be differentiated from other known Bacillus species on the basis of several phenotypic characters and fatty acid profiles. 27117173 4 50 theme major 549:553 arg1 MK-7 590:593 the major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 545:593 the major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 545:593 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7. 27117173 10 51 theme main 1463:1466 arg1 iso-C15  1485:1492 iso-C15  1485:1492 iso-C15  1485:1492 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 27117173 10 51 theme main 1463:1466 arg1 acids 1474:1478 The main fatty acids 1459:1478 The main fatty acids 1459:1478 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 27117173 7 52 theme Bacillus 942:949 arg1 similarity 978:987 97.95 % similarity 970:987 97.95 % similarity 970:987 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-27997T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was related most closely to Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T (97.95 % similarity), followed by Bacillushuizhouensis GSS03T (97.9 %). 27117173 7 52 theme Bacillus 942:949 arg1 1321T 963:967 Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T 942:967 Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T (97.95 % similarity) 942:988 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-27997T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was related most closely to Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T (97.95 % similarity), followed by Bacillushuizhouensis GSS03T (97.9 %). 27117173 9 53 theme DNA-DNA 1306:1312 arg1 hybridization 1314:1326 in silico DNA-DNA hybridization 1296:1326 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27997T and its most closely related species 1292:1397 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27997T and its most closely related species were <70 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 27117173 4 54 theme quinone 566:572 arg1 MK-7 590:593 the major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 545:593 the major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 545:593 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7. 27117173 11 55 theme acid 1649:1652 arg1 profiles 1654:1661 fatty acid profiles 1643:1661 fatty acid profiles 1643:1661 The novel strain could be differentiated from other known Bacillus species on the basis of several phenotypic characters and fatty acid profiles. 27117173 5 56 theme main 600:603 arg1 acids 611:615 The main fatty acids 596:615 The main fatty acids 596:615 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. 27117173 5 56 theme main 600:603 arg1 iso-C15  622:629 iso-C15  622:629 iso-C15  622:629 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. 27117173 2 57 theme rhizosphere 215:225 arg1 soil 227:230 the rhizosphere soil 211:230 the rhizosphere soil of a Loiseleuria plant collected from Sichuan province in China 211:294 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-27997T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a Loiseleuria plant collected from Sichuan province in China. 27117173 3 58 dep 6.0-9.0 449:455 arg1 optimum 458:464 optimum 458:464 optimum 458:464 Growth was observed aerobically between 20 and 35 °C (optimum 30 °C), between 0 and 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 0 %) concentration and pH in the range 6.0-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0). 27117173 12 59 theme name 1779:1782 arg1 sp 1806:1807 name Bacillus loiseleuriae sp 1779:1807 the name Bacillus loiseleuriae sp 1775:1807 This taxononomic/genomic study revealed that strain FJAT-27997T represents a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus loiseleuriae sp. 27117173 8 60 theme DSM 1155:1157 arg1 1321T 1159:1163 B. simplex DSM 1321T 1144:1163 B. simplex DSM 1321T 1144:1163 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, was 71.60 % (JSpecies), less than the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus. 27117173 8 60 theme DSM 1155:1157 arg1 species 1135:1141 the most closely related species 1110:1141 the most closely related species 1110:1141 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, was 71.60 % (JSpecies), less than the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus. 27117173 3 61 from pH 469:470 arg1 optimum 458:464 optimum 458:464 optimum 458:464 Growth was observed aerobically between 20 and 35 °C (optimum 30 °C), between 0 and 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 0 %) concentration and pH in the range 6.0-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0). 27117173 7 62 theme Bacillus 901:908 arg1 isolate 855:861 isolate FJAT-27997T 855:873 isolate FJAT-27997T 855:873 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-27997T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was related most closely to Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T (97.95 % similarity), followed by Bacillushuizhouensis GSS03T (97.9 %). 27117173 7 62 theme Bacillus 901:908 arg1 member 881:886 a member 879:886 a member of the genus Bacillus 879:908 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-27997T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was related most closely to Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T (97.95 % similarity), followed by Bacillushuizhouensis GSS03T (97.9 %). 27117173 9 63 theme strain 1343:1348 arg1 FJAT-27997T 1350:1360 strain FJAT-27997T 1343:1360 strain FJAT-27997T 1343:1360 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27997T and its most closely related species were <70 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 27117173 9 64 theme related 1383:1389 arg1 species 1391:1397 its most closely related species 1366:1397 its most closely related species 1366:1397 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27997T and its most closely related species were <70 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 27117173 11 65 theme known 1570:1574 arg1 species 1585:1591 other known Bacillus species 1564:1591 other known Bacillus species on the basis of several phenotypic characters and fatty acid profiles 1564:1661 The novel strain could be differentiated from other known Bacillus species on the basis of several phenotypic characters and fatty acid profiles. 27117173 2 66 theme Loiseleuria 237:247 arg1 plant 249:253 a Loiseleuria plant 235:253 a Loiseleuria plant collected from Sichuan province in China 235:294 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-27997T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a Loiseleuria plant collected from Sichuan province in China. 27117173 2 67 from province 278:285 arg1 China 290:294 China 290:294 China 290:294 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-27997T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a Loiseleuria plant collected from Sichuan province in China. 27117173 1 68 theme rhizosphere 46:56 arg1 soil 58:61 rhizosphere soil 46:61 rhizosphere soil 46:61 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil from a loiseleuria plant. 27117173 3 69 theme optimum 351:357 arg1 35 °C 344:348 35 °C 344:348 35 °C 344:348 Growth was observed aerobically between 20 and 35 °C (optimum 30 °C), between 0 and 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 0 %) concentration and pH in the range 6.0-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0). 27117173 3 69 theme optimum 351:357 arg1 30 °C 359:363 optimum 30 °C 351:363 optimum 30 °C 351:363 Growth was observed aerobically between 20 and 35 °C (optimum 30 °C), between 0 and 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 0 %) concentration and pH in the range 6.0-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0). 27117173 2 70 attach isolated 197:204 arg2 bacterium 151:159 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 89:159 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium 89:159 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-27997T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a Loiseleuria plant collected from Sichuan province in China. 27117173 2 70 attach isolated 197:204 arg1 soil 227:230 the rhizosphere soil 211:230 the rhizosphere soil of a Loiseleuria plant collected from Sichuan province in China 211:294 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FJAT-27997T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a Loiseleuria plant collected from Sichuan province in China. 27117173 8 71 theme less 1190:1193 arg1 identity 1064:1071 The average nucleotide identity 1041:1071 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, 1041:1164 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, was 71.60 % (JSpecies), less than the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus. 27117173 8 71 theme less 1190:1193 arg1 % 1176:1176 71.60 % 1170:1176 71.60 % (JSpecies) 1170:1187 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, was 71.60 % (JSpecies), less than the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus. 27117173 8 71 theme less 1190:1193 arg1 JSpecies 1179:1186 JSpecies 1179:1186 JSpecies 1179:1186 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, was 71.60 % (JSpecies), less than the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus. 27117173 3 72 theme NaCl 393:396 arg1 concentration 415:427 0 and 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 0 %) concentration 375:427 0 and 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 0 %) concentration 375:427 Growth was observed aerobically between 20 and 35 °C (optimum 30 °C), between 0 and 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 0 %) concentration and pH in the range 6.0-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0). 27117173 0 73 theme loiseleuriae 9:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Bacillus loiseleuriae sp 0:23 Bacillus loiseleuriae sp. 0:24 Bacillus loiseleuriae sp. 27117173 12 74 theme novel 1741:1745 arg1 species 1756:1762 a novel Bacillus species 1739:1762 a novel Bacillus species 1739:1762 This taxononomic/genomic study revealed that strain FJAT-27997T represents a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus loiseleuriae sp. 27117173 1 75 theme loiseleuria 70:80 arg1 plant 82:86 a loiseleuria plant 68:86 a loiseleuria plant 68:86 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil from a loiseleuria plant. 27117173 3 76 dep % 385:385 arg1 3.0  381:384 3.0  381:384 3.0  381:384 Growth was observed aerobically between 20 and 35 °C (optimum 30 °C), between 0 and 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 0 %) concentration and pH in the range 6.0-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0). 27117173 3 76 dep % 385:385 arg1 w/v 388:390 w/v 388:390 w/v 388:390 Growth was observed aerobically between 20 and 35 °C (optimum 30 °C), between 0 and 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 0 %) concentration and pH in the range 6.0-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0). 27117173 3 76 dep % 385:385 arg1 0 375:375 0 375:375 0 375:375 Growth was observed aerobically between 20 and 35 °C (optimum 30 °C), between 0 and 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 0 %) concentration and pH in the range 6.0-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0). 27117173 10 77 theme fatty 1468:1472 arg1 iso-C15  1485:1492 iso-C15  1485:1492 iso-C15  1485:1492 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 27117173 10 77 theme fatty 1468:1472 arg1 acids 1474:1478 The main fatty acids 1459:1478 The main fatty acids 1459:1478 The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. 27117173 9 78 dep in 1296:1297 arg1 silico 1299:1304 silico 1299:1304 silico 1299:1304 The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FJAT-27997T and its most closely related species were <70 %, again indicating they belong to different taxa. 27117173 7 79 theme gene 828:831 arg1 sequences 833:841 16S rRNA gene sequences 819:841 16S rRNA gene sequences 819:841 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-27997T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was related most closely to Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T (97.95 % similarity), followed by Bacillushuizhouensis GSS03T (97.9 %). 27117173 8 80 theme proposed 1215:1222 arg1 value 1232:1236 the previously proposed cut-off value 1200:1236 the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus 1200:1289 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, was 71.60 % (JSpecies), less than the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus. 27117173 12 81 theme strain 1709:1714 arg1 FJAT-27997T 1716:1726 strain FJAT-27997T 1709:1726 strain FJAT-27997T 1709:1726 This taxononomic/genomic study revealed that strain FJAT-27997T represents a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus loiseleuriae sp. 27117173 8 82 theme simplex 1147:1153 arg1 1321T 1159:1163 B. simplex DSM 1321T 1144:1163 B. simplex DSM 1321T 1144:1163 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, was 71.60 % (JSpecies), less than the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus. 27117173 8 82 theme simplex 1147:1153 arg1 species 1135:1141 the most closely related species 1110:1141 the most closely related species 1110:1141 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, was 71.60 % (JSpecies), less than the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus. 27117173 13 83 theme FJAT-27997T 1828:1838 arg1 101776T 1863:1869 type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T 1816:1869 type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T 1816:1869 nov. (type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T) is proposed. 27117173 13 83 theme FJAT-27997T 1828:1838 arg1 nov 1810:1812 nov 1810:1812 nov 1810:1812 nov. (type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T) is proposed. 27117173 7 84 theme Bacillushuizhouensis 1003:1022 arg1 GSS03T 1024:1029 Bacillushuizhouensis GSS03T 1003:1029 Bacillushuizhouensis GSS03T (97.9 %) 1003:1038 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-27997T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was related most closely to Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T (97.95 % similarity), followed by Bacillushuizhouensis GSS03T (97.9 %). 27117173 7 84 theme Bacillushuizhouensis 1003:1022 arg1 % 1037:1037 97.9 % 1032:1037 97.9 % 1032:1037 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate FJAT-27997T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was related most closely to Bacillus simplex DSM 1321T (97.95 % similarity), followed by Bacillushuizhouensis GSS03T (97.9 %). 27117173 8 85 dep identity 1064:1071 arg1 value 1073:1077 value 1073:1077 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, 1041:1164 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, was 71.60 % (JSpecies), less than the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus. 27117173 13 86 theme AB 1847:1848 arg1 101776T 1863:1869 type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T 1816:1869 type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T 1816:1869 nov. (type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T) is proposed. 27117173 13 86 theme AB 1847:1848 arg1 nov 1810:1812 nov 1810:1812 nov 1810:1812 nov. (type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T) is proposed. 27117173 12 87 theme taxononomic/genomic 1669:1687 arg1 study 1689:1693 This taxononomic/genomic study 1664:1693 This taxononomic/genomic study 1664:1693 This taxononomic/genomic study revealed that strain FJAT-27997T represents a novel Bacillus species, for which the name Bacillus loiseleuriae sp. 27117173 6 88 theme polar 695:699 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 713:734 diphosphatidylglycerol 713:734 diphosphatidylglycerol 713:734 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 27117173 6 88 theme polar 695:699 arg1 lipids 701:706 The main polar lipids 686:706 The main polar lipids 686:706 The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 27117173 11 89 theme novel 1522:1526 arg1 strain 1528:1533 The novel strain 1518:1533 The novel strain 1518:1533 The novel strain could be differentiated from other known Bacillus species on the basis of several phenotypic characters and fatty acid profiles. 27117173 8 90 theme B. 1144:1145 arg1 1321T 1159:1163 B. simplex DSM 1321T 1144:1163 B. simplex DSM 1321T 1144:1163 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, was 71.60 % (JSpecies), less than the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus. 27117173 8 90 theme B. 1144:1145 arg1 species 1135:1141 the most closely related species 1110:1141 the most closely related species 1110:1141 The average nucleotide identity value between strain FJAT-27997T and the most closely related species, B. simplex DSM 1321T, was 71.60 % (JSpecies), less than the previously proposed cut-off value of 96 % for differentiating species within the genus. 27117173 13 91 theme type 1816:1819 arg1 101776T 1863:1869 type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T 1816:1869 type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T 1816:1869 nov. (type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T) is proposed. 27117173 13 91 theme type 1816:1819 arg1 nov 1810:1812 nov 1810:1812 nov 1810:1812 nov. (type strain FJAT-27997T =CCTCC AB 2015285T=DSM 101776T) is proposed. 26256363 2 0 theme sugar 495:499 arg1 contents 475:482 the highest contents 463:482 the highest contents 463:482 PPB-MM contained the highest contents of neutral sugar (66.59%) and uronic acid (23.38%), followed by PPB-MW and PPB-MB, with PPB-MW having the highest protein content. 26256363 4 1 theme antioxidant 761:771 arg1 activities 773:782 The antioxidant activities 757:782 The antioxidant activities of the three polysaccharides 757:811 The antioxidant activities of the three polysaccharides were determined using lipid peroxidant inhibition, ABTS radical scavenging, and Fe(2+)-chelating assay. 26256363 3 2 theme monosaccharides 675:689 arg1 kinds 666:670 six kinds 662:670 six kinds of monosaccharides, namely fucose, mannose, glactose, xylose, arabinose and glucose 662:754 The three polysaccharides were all composed of six kinds of monosaccharides, namely fucose, mannose, glactose, xylose, arabinose and glucose. 26256363 1 3 theme Phellinus 255:263 arg1 growth 272:277 Phellinus baumii growth 255:277 Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) 255:395 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 2 4 theme neutral 487:493 arg1 sugar 495:499 neutral sugar 487:499 neutral sugar (66.59%) 487:508 PPB-MM contained the highest contents of neutral sugar (66.59%) and uronic acid (23.38%), followed by PPB-MW and PPB-MB, with PPB-MW having the highest protein content. 26256363 2 4 theme neutral 487:493 arg1 % 507:507 66.59% 502:507 66.59% 502:507 PPB-MM contained the highest contents of neutral sugar (66.59%) and uronic acid (23.38%), followed by PPB-MW and PPB-MB, with PPB-MW having the highest protein content. 26256363 1 5 theme baumii 265:270 arg1 growth 272:277 Phellinus baumii growth 255:277 Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) 255:395 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 0 6 theme baumii 118:123 arg1 growth 125:130 Phellinus baumii growth 108:130 Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates 108:162 Comparison of the preliminary characterizations and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides obtained from Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates. 26256363 4 7 theme lipid 835:839 arg1 inhibition 852:861 lipid peroxidant inhibition 835:861 lipid peroxidant inhibition 835:861 The antioxidant activities of the three polysaccharides were determined using lipid peroxidant inhibition, ABTS radical scavenging, and Fe(2+)-chelating assay. 26256363 6 8 theme culture 1103:1109 arg1 substrate 1111:1119 a good culture substrate 1096:1119 a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides 1096:1166 As a result, an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust serves as a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides. 26256363 6 8 theme culture 1103:1109 arg1 combination 1030:1040 an equal combination 1021:1040 an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust 1021:1084 As a result, an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust serves as a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides. 26256363 6 9 theme mixed 1067:1071 arg1 sawdust 1078:1084 mixed wood sawdust 1067:1084 mixed wood sawdust 1067:1084 As a result, an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust serves as a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides. 26256363 1 10 theme growth 272:277 arg1 body 247:250 the fruiting body 234:250 the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) 234:395 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 0 11 theme Phellinus 108:116 arg1 growth 125:130 Phellinus baumii growth 108:130 Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates 108:162 Comparison of the preliminary characterizations and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides obtained from Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates. 26256363 1 12 theme equal 357:361 arg1 combination 363:373 an equal combination 354:373 an equal combination of the two materials 354:394 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 2 13 theme protein 598:604 arg1 content 606:612 the highest protein content 586:612 the highest protein content 586:612 PPB-MM contained the highest contents of neutral sugar (66.59%) and uronic acid (23.38%), followed by PPB-MW and PPB-MB, with PPB-MW having the highest protein content. 26256363 6 14 theme good 1098:1101 arg1 substrate 1111:1119 a good culture substrate 1096:1119 a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides 1096:1166 As a result, an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust serves as a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides. 26256363 6 14 theme good 1098:1101 arg1 combination 1030:1040 an equal combination 1021:1040 an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust 1021:1084 As a result, an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust serves as a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides. 26256363 1 15 from substrates 300:309 arg1 body 247:250 the fruiting body 234:250 the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) 234:395 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 2 16 contain contained 453:461 arg1 PPB-MM 446:451 PPB-MM 446:451 PPB-MM 446:451 PPB-MM contained the highest contents of neutral sugar (66.59%) and uronic acid (23.38%), followed by PPB-MW and PPB-MB, with PPB-MW having the highest protein content. 26256363 2 16 contain contained 453:461 arg2 contents 475:482 the highest contents 463:482 the highest contents 463:482 PPB-MM contained the highest contents of neutral sugar (66.59%) and uronic acid (23.38%), followed by PPB-MW and PPB-MB, with PPB-MW having the highest protein content. 26256363 4 17 theme radical 869:875 arg1 scavenging 877:886 ABTS radical scavenging 864:886 ABTS radical scavenging 864:886 The antioxidant activities of the three polysaccharides were determined using lipid peroxidant inhibition, ABTS radical scavenging, and Fe(2+)-chelating assay. 26256363 4 18 theme polysaccharides 797:811 arg1 activities 773:782 The antioxidant activities 757:782 The antioxidant activities of the three polysaccharides 757:811 The antioxidant activities of the three polysaccharides were determined using lipid peroxidant inhibition, ABTS radical scavenging, and Fe(2+)-chelating assay. 26256363 4 19 theme peroxidant 841:850 arg1 inhibition 852:861 lipid peroxidant inhibition 835:861 lipid peroxidant inhibition 835:861 The antioxidant activities of the three polysaccharides were determined using lipid peroxidant inhibition, ABTS radical scavenging, and Fe(2+)-chelating assay. 26256363 1 20 theme different 282:290 arg1 substrates 300:309 different culture substrates 282:309 different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) 282:395 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 6 21 theme sawdust 1078:1084 arg1 substrate 1111:1119 a good culture substrate 1096:1119 a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides 1096:1166 As a result, an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust serves as a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides. 26256363 6 21 theme sawdust 1078:1084 arg1 combination 1030:1040 an equal combination 1021:1040 an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust 1021:1084 As a result, an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust serves as a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides. 26256363 6 21 theme sawdust 1078:1084 arg1 result 1013:1018 a result 1011:1018 a result 1011:1018 As a result, an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust serves as a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides. 26256363 0 22 theme preliminary 18:28 arg1 characterizations 30:46 preliminary characterizations 18:46 preliminary characterizations 18:46 Comparison of the preliminary characterizations and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides obtained from Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates. 26256363 1 23 theme culture 292:298 arg1 substrates 300:309 different culture substrates 282:309 different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) 282:395 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 0 24 theme culture 145:151 arg1 substrates 153:162 different culture substrates 135:162 different culture substrates 135:162 Comparison of the preliminary characterizations and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides obtained from Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates. 26256363 2 25 theme highest 590:596 arg1 content 606:612 the highest protein content 586:612 the highest protein content 586:612 PPB-MM contained the highest contents of neutral sugar (66.59%) and uronic acid (23.38%), followed by PPB-MW and PPB-MB, with PPB-MW having the highest protein content. 26256363 6 26 theme wood 1073:1076 arg1 sawdust 1078:1084 mixed wood sawdust 1067:1084 mixed wood sawdust 1067:1084 As a result, an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust serves as a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides. 26256363 0 27 theme different 135:143 arg1 substrates 153:162 different culture substrates 135:162 different culture substrates 135:162 Comparison of the preliminary characterizations and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides obtained from Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates. 26256363 1 28 dep polysaccharides 171:185 arg1 polysaccharides 171:185 Three polysaccharides 165:185 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) 165:213 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 1 28 dep polysaccharides 171:185 arg1 PPB-MM 207:212 PPB-MM 207:212 PPB-MM 207:212 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 1 28 dep polysaccharides 171:185 arg1 PPB-MW 196:201 PPB-MW 196:201 PPB-MW 196:201 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 1 28 dep polysaccharides 171:185 arg1 PPB-MB 188:193 PPB-MB 188:193 PPB-MB 188:193 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 1 29 theme chemical 407:414 arg1 composition 416:426 their chemical composition 401:426 their chemical composition 401:426 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 1 30 theme materials 386:394 arg1 branches 321:328 mulberry branches 312:328 mulberry branches 312:328 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 1 30 theme materials 386:394 arg1 sawdust 342:348 mixed wood sawdust 331:348 mixed wood sawdust 331:348 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 1 30 theme materials 386:394 arg1 combination 363:373 an equal combination 354:373 an equal combination of the two materials 354:394 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 0 31 theme characterizations 30:46 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of the preliminary characterizations and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides 0:92 Comparison of the preliminary characterizations and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides obtained from Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates. 26256363 1 32 theme mulberry 312:319 arg1 branches 321:328 mulberry branches 312:328 mulberry branches 312:328 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 2 33 theme acid 521:524 arg1 contents 475:482 the highest contents 463:482 the highest contents 463:482 PPB-MM contained the highest contents of neutral sugar (66.59%) and uronic acid (23.38%), followed by PPB-MW and PPB-MB, with PPB-MW having the highest protein content. 26256363 5 34 theme highest 958:964 arg1 properties 978:987 the highest antioxidant properties 954:987 the highest antioxidant properties 954:987 Results showed that PPB-MM exhibited the highest antioxidant properties in all the assays. 26256363 0 35 theme properties 64:73 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of the preliminary characterizations and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides 0:92 Comparison of the preliminary characterizations and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides obtained from Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates. 26256363 2 36 theme uronic 514:519 arg1 acid 521:524 uronic acid 514:524 uronic acid (23.38%) 514:533 PPB-MM contained the highest contents of neutral sugar (66.59%) and uronic acid (23.38%), followed by PPB-MW and PPB-MB, with PPB-MW having the highest protein content. 26256363 2 36 theme uronic 514:519 arg1 % 532:532 23.38% 527:532 23.38% 527:532 PPB-MM contained the highest contents of neutral sugar (66.59%) and uronic acid (23.38%), followed by PPB-MW and PPB-MB, with PPB-MW having the highest protein content. 26256363 1 37 from body 247:250 arg1 substrates 300:309 different culture substrates 282:309 different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) 282:395 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 4 38 theme -chelating 899:908 arg1 assay 910:914 Fe(2+)-chelating assay 893:914 Fe(2+)-chelating assay 893:914 The antioxidant activities of the three polysaccharides were determined using lipid peroxidant inhibition, ABTS radical scavenging, and Fe(2+)-chelating assay. 26256363 5 39 theme antioxidant 966:976 arg1 properties 978:987 the highest antioxidant properties 954:987 the highest antioxidant properties 954:987 Results showed that PPB-MM exhibited the highest antioxidant properties in all the assays. 26256363 0 40 theme antioxidant 52:62 arg1 properties 64:73 antioxidant properties 52:73 antioxidant properties 52:73 Comparison of the preliminary characterizations and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides obtained from Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates. 26256363 1 41 from growth 272:277 arg1 substrates 300:309 different culture substrates 282:309 different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) 282:395 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 0 42 dep characterizations 30:46 arg1 the 14:16 the 14:16 the 14:16 Comparison of the preliminary characterizations and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides obtained from Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates. 26256363 6 43 theme branches 1054:1061 arg1 substrate 1111:1119 a good culture substrate 1096:1119 a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides 1096:1166 As a result, an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust serves as a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides. 26256363 6 43 theme branches 1054:1061 arg1 combination 1030:1040 an equal combination 1021:1040 an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust 1021:1084 As a result, an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust serves as a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides. 26256363 6 43 theme branches 1054:1061 arg1 result 1013:1018 a result 1011:1018 a result 1011:1018 As a result, an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust serves as a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides. 26256363 6 44 theme antioxidant 1140:1150 arg1 polysaccharides 1152:1166 such antioxidant polysaccharides 1135:1166 such antioxidant polysaccharides 1135:1166 As a result, an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust serves as a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides. 26256363 1 45 theme mixed 331:335 arg1 sawdust 342:348 mixed wood sawdust 331:348 mixed wood sawdust 331:348 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 4 46 theme ABTS 864:867 arg1 scavenging 877:886 ABTS radical scavenging 864:886 ABTS radical scavenging 864:886 The antioxidant activities of the three polysaccharides were determined using lipid peroxidant inhibition, ABTS radical scavenging, and Fe(2+)-chelating assay. 26256363 0 47 from growth 125:130 arg1 substrates 153:162 different culture substrates 135:162 different culture substrates 135:162 Comparison of the preliminary characterizations and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides obtained from Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates. 26256363 6 48 theme such 1135:1138 arg1 polysaccharides 1152:1166 such antioxidant polysaccharides 1135:1166 such antioxidant polysaccharides 1135:1166 As a result, an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust serves as a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides. 26256363 6 49 theme mulberry 1045:1052 arg1 branches 1054:1061 mulberry branches 1045:1061 mulberry branches 1045:1061 As a result, an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust serves as a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides. 26256363 1 50 theme fruiting 238:245 arg1 body 247:250 the fruiting body 234:250 the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) 234:395 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 0 51 theme polysaccharides 78:92 arg1 characterizations 30:46 preliminary characterizations 18:46 preliminary characterizations 18:46 Comparison of the preliminary characterizations and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides obtained from Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates. 26256363 0 51 theme polysaccharides 78:92 arg1 properties 64:73 antioxidant properties 52:73 antioxidant properties 52:73 Comparison of the preliminary characterizations and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides obtained from Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates. 26256363 1 52 dep substrates 300:309 arg1 combination 363:373 an equal combination 354:373 an equal combination of the two materials 354:394 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 1 52 dep substrates 300:309 arg1 sawdust 342:348 mixed wood sawdust 331:348 mixed wood sawdust 331:348 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 1 52 dep substrates 300:309 arg1 branches 321:328 mulberry branches 312:328 mulberry branches 312:328 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 2 53 theme highest 467:473 arg1 contents 475:482 the highest contents 463:482 the highest contents 463:482 PPB-MM contained the highest contents of neutral sugar (66.59%) and uronic acid (23.38%), followed by PPB-MW and PPB-MB, with PPB-MW having the highest protein content. 26256363 1 54 theme wood 337:340 arg1 sawdust 342:348 mixed wood sawdust 331:348 mixed wood sawdust 331:348 Three polysaccharides (PPB-MB, PPB-MW and PPB-MM) were obtained from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii growth on different culture substrates (mulberry branches, mixed wood sawdust and an equal combination of the two materials) and their chemical composition was investigated. 26256363 6 55 theme equal 1024:1028 arg1 substrate 1111:1119 a good culture substrate 1096:1119 a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides 1096:1166 As a result, an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust serves as a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides. 26256363 6 55 theme equal 1024:1028 arg1 combination 1030:1040 an equal combination 1021:1040 an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust 1021:1084 As a result, an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust serves as a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides. 26256363 6 55 theme equal 1024:1028 arg1 result 1013:1018 a result 1011:1018 a result 1011:1018 As a result, an equal combination of mulberry branches and mixed wood sawdust serves as a good culture substrate for producing such antioxidant polysaccharides. 27681920 0 0 theme Antimicrobial 91:103 arg1 Peptides 105:112 Antimicrobial Peptides 91:112 Antimicrobial Peptides 91:112 Biofilms from Klebsiella pneumoniae: Matrix Polysaccharide Structure and Interactions with Antimicrobial Peptides. 27681920 9 1 theme amounts 1401:1407 arg1 presence 1378:1385 the presence 1374:1385 the presence of increasing amounts of either polysaccharide 1374:1432 Circular dichroism experiments on BMAP-27 in the presence of increasing amounts of either polysaccharide confirmed their ability to interact with the peptide and induce an α-helical conformation. 27681920 5 2 theme glucuronic 717:726 arg1 acid 728:731 glucuronic acid 717:731 glucuronic acid units 717:737 Conversely, KpTs113 polysaccharide is anionic due to glucuronic acid units, and also contains glucose and mannose residues. 27681920 6 3 theme planktonic 925:934 arg1 cultures 936:943 planktonic cultures 925:943 planktonic cultures 925:943 The susceptibility of the two strains to two bovine cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides, BMAP-27 and Bac7(1-35), was assessed using both planktonic cultures and biofilms. 27681920 2 4 theme low 390:392 arg1 properties 403:412 very low adhesive properties 385:412 very low adhesive properties to supports 385:424 Both strains were good biofilm producers, with KpTs113 forming flocs with very low adhesive properties to supports. 27681920 2 5 with producers 342:350 arg1 flocs 374:378 KpTs113 forming flocs 358:378 KpTs113 forming flocs with very low adhesive properties to supports 358:424 Both strains were good biofilm producers, with KpTs113 forming flocs with very low adhesive properties to supports. 27681920 5 6 theme acid 728:731 arg1 units 733:737 glucuronic acid units 717:737 glucuronic acid units 717:737 Conversely, KpTs113 polysaccharide is anionic due to glucuronic acid units, and also contains glucose and mannose residues. 27681920 1 7 theme antimicrobial 287:299 arg1 peptides 301:308 antimicrobial peptides 287:308 antimicrobial peptides 287:308 Biofilm matrices of two Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates, KpTs101 and KpTs113, were investigated for their polysaccharide composition and protective effects against antimicrobial peptides. 27681920 8 8 theme KpTs113 1249:1255 arg1 biofilms 1257:1264 KpTs113 biofilms 1249:1264 KpTs113 biofilms 1249:1264 Similar protection was also detected when antimicrobial peptides were tested against planktonic bacteria in the presence of the polysaccharides extracted from KpTs101 and KpTs113 biofilms, suggesting sequestering adduct formation with antimicrobials. 27681920 5 9 theme KpTs113 676:682 arg1 polysaccharide 684:697 KpTs113 polysaccharide 676:697 KpTs113 polysaccharide 676:697 Conversely, KpTs113 polysaccharide is anionic due to glucuronic acid units, and also contains glucose and mannose residues. 27681920 2 10 theme good 329:332 arg1 producers 342:350 good biofilm producers 329:350 good biofilm producers 329:350 Both strains were good biofilm producers, with KpTs113 forming flocs with very low adhesive properties to supports. 27681920 9 11 theme polysaccharide 1419:1432 arg1 amounts 1401:1407 increasing amounts 1390:1407 increasing amounts of either polysaccharide 1390:1432 Circular dichroism experiments on BMAP-27 in the presence of increasing amounts of either polysaccharide confirmed their ability to interact with the peptide and induce an α-helical conformation. 27681920 9 11 theme polysaccharide 1419:1432 arg1 polysaccharide 1419:1432 either polysaccharide 1412:1432 either polysaccharide 1412:1432 Circular dichroism experiments on BMAP-27 in the presence of increasing amounts of either polysaccharide confirmed their ability to interact with the peptide and induce an α-helical conformation. 27681920 0 12 with Interactions 73:84 arg1 Peptides 105:112 Antimicrobial Peptides 91:112 Antimicrobial Peptides 91:112 Biofilms from Klebsiella pneumoniae: Matrix Polysaccharide Structure and Interactions with Antimicrobial Peptides. 27681920 8 13 theme adduct 1291:1296 arg1 formation 1298:1306 sequestering adduct formation 1278:1306 sequestering adduct formation with antimicrobials 1278:1326 Similar protection was also detected when antimicrobial peptides were tested against planktonic bacteria in the presence of the polysaccharides extracted from KpTs101 and KpTs113 biofilms, suggesting sequestering adduct formation with antimicrobials. 27681920 9 14 from experiments 1348:1358 arg1 BMAP-27 1363:1369 BMAP-27 1363:1369 BMAP-27 1363:1369 Circular dichroism experiments on BMAP-27 in the presence of increasing amounts of either polysaccharide confirmed their ability to interact with the peptide and induce an α-helical conformation. 27681920 9 14 from experiments 1348:1358 arg1 presence 1378:1385 the presence 1374:1385 the presence of increasing amounts of either polysaccharide 1374:1432 Circular dichroism experiments on BMAP-27 in the presence of increasing amounts of either polysaccharide confirmed their ability to interact with the peptide and induce an α-helical conformation. 27681920 4 15 theme ring 643:646 arg1 configurations 648:661 both pyranose and furanose ring configurations 616:661 configurations 648:661 KpTs101 polysaccharide is neutral and composed only of galactose, in both pyranose and furanose ring configurations. 27681920 8 16 theme sequestering 1278:1289 arg1 formation 1298:1306 sequestering adduct formation 1278:1306 sequestering adduct formation with antimicrobials 1278:1326 Similar protection was also detected when antimicrobial peptides were tested against planktonic bacteria in the presence of the polysaccharides extracted from KpTs101 and KpTs113 biofilms, suggesting sequestering adduct formation with antimicrobials. 27681920 4 17 theme KpTs101 547:553 arg1 polysaccharide 555:568 KpTs101 polysaccharide 547:568 KpTs101 polysaccharide 547:568 KpTs101 polysaccharide is neutral and composed only of galactose, in both pyranose and furanose ring configurations. 27681920 6 18 theme antimicrobial 853:865 arg1 BMAP-27 877:883 BMAP-27 877:883 BMAP-27 877:883 The susceptibility of the two strains to two bovine cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides, BMAP-27 and Bac7(1-35), was assessed using both planktonic cultures and biofilms. 27681920 6 18 theme antimicrobial 853:865 arg1 peptides 867:874 two bovine cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides 829:874 two bovine cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides 829:874 The susceptibility of the two strains to two bovine cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides, BMAP-27 and Bac7(1-35), was assessed using both planktonic cultures and biofilms. 27681920 6 18 theme antimicrobial 853:865 arg1 Bac7 889:892 Bac7 889:892 Bac7(1-35) 889:898 The susceptibility of the two strains to two bovine cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides, BMAP-27 and Bac7(1-35), was assessed using both planktonic cultures and biofilms. 27681920 3 19 theme Matrix 427:432 arg1 exopolysaccharides 434:451 Matrix exopolysaccharides 427:451 Matrix exopolysaccharides 427:451 Matrix exopolysaccharides were isolated and their monosaccharide composition and glycosidic linkage types were defined. 27681920 6 20 theme cathelicidin 840:851 arg1 BMAP-27 877:883 BMAP-27 877:883 BMAP-27 877:883 The susceptibility of the two strains to two bovine cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides, BMAP-27 and Bac7(1-35), was assessed using both planktonic cultures and biofilms. 27681920 6 20 theme cathelicidin 840:851 arg1 peptides 867:874 two bovine cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides 829:874 two bovine cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides 829:874 The susceptibility of the two strains to two bovine cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides, BMAP-27 and Bac7(1-35), was assessed using both planktonic cultures and biofilms. 27681920 6 20 theme cathelicidin 840:851 arg1 Bac7 889:892 Bac7 889:892 Bac7(1-35) 889:898 The susceptibility of the two strains to two bovine cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides, BMAP-27 and Bac7(1-35), was assessed using both planktonic cultures and biofilms. 27681920 3 21 theme monosaccharide 477:490 arg1 composition 492:502 their monosaccharide composition 471:502 their monosaccharide composition 471:502 Matrix exopolysaccharides were isolated and their monosaccharide composition and glycosidic linkage types were defined. 27681920 8 22 theme planktonic 1163:1172 arg1 bacteria 1174:1181 planktonic bacteria 1163:1181 planktonic bacteria 1163:1181 Similar protection was also detected when antimicrobial peptides were tested against planktonic bacteria in the presence of the polysaccharides extracted from KpTs101 and KpTs113 biofilms, suggesting sequestering adduct formation with antimicrobials. 27681920 6 23 theme bovine 833:838 arg1 BMAP-27 877:883 BMAP-27 877:883 BMAP-27 877:883 The susceptibility of the two strains to two bovine cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides, BMAP-27 and Bac7(1-35), was assessed using both planktonic cultures and biofilms. 27681920 6 23 theme bovine 833:838 arg1 peptides 867:874 two bovine cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides 829:874 two bovine cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides 829:874 The susceptibility of the two strains to two bovine cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides, BMAP-27 and Bac7(1-35), was assessed using both planktonic cultures and biofilms. 27681920 6 23 theme bovine 833:838 arg1 Bac7 889:892 Bac7 889:892 Bac7(1-35) 889:898 The susceptibility of the two strains to two bovine cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides, BMAP-27 and Bac7(1-35), was assessed using both planktonic cultures and biofilms. 27681920 1 24 theme Biofilm 115:121 arg1 matrices 123:130 Biofilm matrices 115:130 Biofilm matrices of two Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates, KpTs101 and KpTs113, 115:199 Biofilm matrices of two Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates, KpTs101 and KpTs113, were investigated for their polysaccharide composition and protective effects against antimicrobial peptides. 27681920 0 25 theme Klebsiella 14:23 arg1 pneumoniae 25:34 Klebsiella pneumoniae 14:34 Klebsiella pneumoniae 14:34 Biofilms from Klebsiella pneumoniae: Matrix Polysaccharide Structure and Interactions with Antimicrobial Peptides. 27681920 5 26 theme mannose 770:776 arg1 residues 778:785 glucose and mannose residues 758:785 glucose and mannose residues 758:785 Conversely, KpTs113 polysaccharide is anionic due to glucuronic acid units, and also contains glucose and mannose residues. 27681920 9 27 theme dichroism 1338:1346 arg1 experiments 1348:1358 Circular dichroism experiments 1329:1358 Circular dichroism experiments on BMAP-27 in the presence of increasing amounts of either polysaccharide 1329:1432 Circular dichroism experiments on BMAP-27 in the presence of increasing amounts of either polysaccharide confirmed their ability to interact with the peptide and induce an α-helical conformation. 27681920 2 28 theme biofilm 334:340 arg1 producers 342:350 good biofilm producers 329:350 good biofilm producers 329:350 Both strains were good biofilm producers, with KpTs113 forming flocs with very low adhesive properties to supports. 27681920 0 29 theme Matrix 37:42 arg1 Structure 59:67 Matrix Polysaccharide Structure 37:67 Matrix Polysaccharide Structure 37:67 Biofilms from Klebsiella pneumoniae: Matrix Polysaccharide Structure and Interactions with Antimicrobial Peptides. 27681920 3 30 theme glycosidic 508:517 arg1 types 527:531 glycosidic linkage types 508:531 glycosidic linkage types 508:531 Matrix exopolysaccharides were isolated and their monosaccharide composition and glycosidic linkage types were defined. 27681920 4 31 theme furanose 634:641 arg1 configurations 648:661 both pyranose and furanose ring configurations 616:661 configurations 648:661 KpTs101 polysaccharide is neutral and composed only of galactose, in both pyranose and furanose ring configurations. 27681920 8 32 theme Similar 1078:1084 arg1 protection 1086:1095 Similar protection 1078:1095 Similar protection 1078:1095 Similar protection was also detected when antimicrobial peptides were tested against planktonic bacteria in the presence of the polysaccharides extracted from KpTs101 and KpTs113 biofilms, suggesting sequestering adduct formation with antimicrobials. 27681920 8 33 with formation 1298:1306 arg1 antimicrobials 1313:1326 antimicrobials 1313:1326 antimicrobials 1313:1326 Similar protection was also detected when antimicrobial peptides were tested against planktonic bacteria in the presence of the polysaccharides extracted from KpTs101 and KpTs113 biofilms, suggesting sequestering adduct formation with antimicrobials. 27681920 1 34 theme polysaccharide 229:242 arg1 composition 244:254 their polysaccharide composition 223:254 their polysaccharide composition 223:254 Biofilm matrices of two Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates, KpTs101 and KpTs113, were investigated for their polysaccharide composition and protective effects against antimicrobial peptides. 27681920 5 35 contain contains 749:756 arg2 residues 778:785 glucose and mannose residues 758:785 glucose and mannose residues 758:785 Conversely, KpTs113 polysaccharide is anionic due to glucuronic acid units, and also contains glucose and mannose residues. 27681920 5 35 contain contains 749:756 arg1 polysaccharide 684:697 KpTs113 polysaccharide 676:697 KpTs113 polysaccharide 676:697 Conversely, KpTs113 polysaccharide is anionic due to glucuronic acid units, and also contains glucose and mannose residues. 27681920 2 36 with flocs 374:378 arg1 properties 403:412 very low adhesive properties 385:412 very low adhesive properties to supports 385:424 Both strains were good biofilm producers, with KpTs113 forming flocs with very low adhesive properties to supports. 27681920 9 37 theme Circular 1329:1336 arg1 experiments 1348:1358 Circular dichroism experiments 1329:1358 Circular dichroism experiments on BMAP-27 in the presence of increasing amounts of either polysaccharide 1329:1432 Circular dichroism experiments on BMAP-27 in the presence of increasing amounts of either polysaccharide confirmed their ability to interact with the peptide and induce an α-helical conformation. 27681920 0 38 theme Polysaccharide 44:57 arg1 Structure 59:67 Matrix Polysaccharide Structure 37:67 Matrix Polysaccharide Structure 37:67 Biofilms from Klebsiella pneumoniae: Matrix Polysaccharide Structure and Interactions with Antimicrobial Peptides. 27681920 9 39 theme increasing 1390:1399 arg1 amounts 1401:1407 increasing amounts 1390:1407 increasing amounts of either polysaccharide 1390:1432 Circular dichroism experiments on BMAP-27 in the presence of increasing amounts of either polysaccharide confirmed their ability to interact with the peptide and induce an α-helical conformation. 27681920 9 39 theme increasing 1390:1399 arg1 polysaccharide 1419:1432 either polysaccharide 1412:1432 either polysaccharide 1412:1432 Circular dichroism experiments on BMAP-27 in the presence of increasing amounts of either polysaccharide confirmed their ability to interact with the peptide and induce an α-helical conformation. 27681920 1 40 theme isolates 170:177 arg1 matrices 123:130 Biofilm matrices 115:130 Biofilm matrices of two Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates, KpTs101 and KpTs113, 115:199 Biofilm matrices of two Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates, KpTs101 and KpTs113, were investigated for their polysaccharide composition and protective effects against antimicrobial peptides. 27681920 6 41 theme strains 818:824 arg1 susceptibility 792:805 The susceptibility 788:805 The susceptibility of the two strains to two bovine cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides, BMAP-27 and Bac7(1-35), 788:899 The susceptibility of the two strains to two bovine cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides, BMAP-27 and Bac7(1-35), was assessed using both planktonic cultures and biofilms. 27681920 8 42 theme antimicrobial 1120:1132 arg1 peptides 1134:1141 antimicrobial peptides 1120:1141 antimicrobial peptides 1120:1141 Similar protection was also detected when antimicrobial peptides were tested against planktonic bacteria in the presence of the polysaccharides extracted from KpTs101 and KpTs113 biofilms, suggesting sequestering adduct formation with antimicrobials. 27681920 7 43 theme relevant 986:993 arg1 protection 995:1004 a relevant protection 984:1004 a relevant protection 984:1004 Biofilm matrices exerted a relevant protection against both antimicrobials, which act with quite different mechanisms. 27681920 1 44 theme Klebsiella 139:148 arg1 isolates 170:177 two Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates 135:177 two Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates 135:177 Biofilm matrices of two Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates, KpTs101 and KpTs113, were investigated for their polysaccharide composition and protective effects against antimicrobial peptides. 27681920 1 44 theme Klebsiella 139:148 arg1 KpTs113 192:198 KpTs113 192:198 KpTs113 192:198 Biofilm matrices of two Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates, KpTs101 and KpTs113, were investigated for their polysaccharide composition and protective effects against antimicrobial peptides. 27681920 1 44 theme Klebsiella 139:148 arg1 KpTs101 180:186 KpTs101 180:186 KpTs101 180:186 Biofilm matrices of two Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates, KpTs101 and KpTs113, were investigated for their polysaccharide composition and protective effects against antimicrobial peptides. 27681920 9 45 theme α-helical 1501:1509 arg1 conformation 1511:1522 an α-helical conformation 1498:1522 an α-helical conformation 1498:1522 Circular dichroism experiments on BMAP-27 in the presence of increasing amounts of either polysaccharide confirmed their ability to interact with the peptide and induce an α-helical conformation. 27681920 5 46 theme glucose 758:764 arg1 residues 778:785 glucose and mannose residues 758:785 glucose and mannose residues 758:785 Conversely, KpTs113 polysaccharide is anionic due to glucuronic acid units, and also contains glucose and mannose residues. 27681920 1 47 dep Klebsiella 139:148 arg1 pneumoniae 150:159 pneumoniae 150:159 pneumoniae 150:159 Biofilm matrices of two Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates, KpTs101 and KpTs113, were investigated for their polysaccharide composition and protective effects against antimicrobial peptides. 27681920 0 48 with Structure 59:67 arg1 Peptides 105:112 Antimicrobial Peptides 91:112 Antimicrobial Peptides 91:112 Biofilms from Klebsiella pneumoniae: Matrix Polysaccharide Structure and Interactions with Antimicrobial Peptides. 27681920 2 49 theme KpTs113 358:364 arg1 flocs 374:378 KpTs113 forming flocs 358:378 KpTs113 forming flocs with very low adhesive properties to supports 358:424 Both strains were good biofilm producers, with KpTs113 forming flocs with very low adhesive properties to supports. 27681920 2 50 theme forming 366:372 arg1 flocs 374:378 KpTs113 forming flocs 358:378 KpTs113 forming flocs with very low adhesive properties to supports 358:424 Both strains were good biofilm producers, with KpTs113 forming flocs with very low adhesive properties to supports. 27681920 3 51 theme linkage 519:525 arg1 types 527:531 glycosidic linkage types 508:531 glycosidic linkage types 508:531 Matrix exopolysaccharides were isolated and their monosaccharide composition and glycosidic linkage types were defined. 27681920 7 52 theme different 1056:1064 arg1 mechanisms 1066:1075 quite different mechanisms 1050:1075 quite different mechanisms 1050:1075 Biofilm matrices exerted a relevant protection against both antimicrobials, which act with quite different mechanisms. 27681920 1 53 theme clinical 161:168 arg1 isolates 170:177 two Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates 135:177 two Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates 135:177 Biofilm matrices of two Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates, KpTs101 and KpTs113, were investigated for their polysaccharide composition and protective effects against antimicrobial peptides. 27681920 1 53 theme clinical 161:168 arg1 KpTs113 192:198 KpTs113 192:198 KpTs113 192:198 Biofilm matrices of two Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates, KpTs101 and KpTs113, were investigated for their polysaccharide composition and protective effects against antimicrobial peptides. 27681920 1 53 theme clinical 161:168 arg1 KpTs101 180:186 KpTs101 180:186 KpTs101 180:186 Biofilm matrices of two Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates, KpTs101 and KpTs113, were investigated for their polysaccharide composition and protective effects against antimicrobial peptides. 27681920 7 54 theme Biofilm 959:965 arg1 matrices 967:974 Biofilm matrices 959:974 Biofilm matrices 959:974 Biofilm matrices exerted a relevant protection against both antimicrobials, which act with quite different mechanisms. 27681920 1 55 theme protective 260:269 arg1 effects 271:277 protective effects 260:277 protective effects 260:277 Biofilm matrices of two Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates, KpTs101 and KpTs113, were investigated for their polysaccharide composition and protective effects against antimicrobial peptides. 27681920 8 56 theme polysaccharides 1206:1220 arg1 presence 1190:1197 the presence 1186:1197 the presence of the polysaccharides extracted from KpTs101 and KpTs113 biofilms 1186:1264 Similar protection was also detected when antimicrobial peptides were tested against planktonic bacteria in the presence of the polysaccharides extracted from KpTs101 and KpTs113 biofilms, suggesting sequestering adduct formation with antimicrobials. 27681920 0 57 from pneumoniae 25:34 arg1 Biofilms 0:7 Biofilms 0:7 Biofilms from Klebsiella pneumoniae: Matrix Polysaccharide Structure and Interactions with Antimicrobial Peptides. 0:113 Biofilms from Klebsiella pneumoniae: Matrix Polysaccharide Structure and Interactions with Antimicrobial Peptides. 27681920 0 58 dep Biofilms 0:7 arg1 Interactions 73:84 Interactions 73:84 Interactions with Antimicrobial Peptides 73:112 Biofilms from Klebsiella pneumoniae: Matrix Polysaccharide Structure and Interactions with Antimicrobial Peptides. 27681920 0 58 dep Biofilms 0:7 arg1 Structure 59:67 Matrix Polysaccharide Structure 37:67 Matrix Polysaccharide Structure 37:67 Biofilms from Klebsiella pneumoniae: Matrix Polysaccharide Structure and Interactions with Antimicrobial Peptides. 27681920 2 59 theme adhesive 394:401 arg1 properties 403:412 very low adhesive properties 385:412 very low adhesive properties to supports 385:424 Both strains were good biofilm producers, with KpTs113 forming flocs with very low adhesive properties to supports. 27789346 4 0 theme OVA-specific 490:501 arg1 IgE 503:505 OVA-specific IgE or IgG1 elevation 490:523 IgE 503:505 Ten out of 64 mice, subjected to oral ovalbumin (OVA) immunizations under gastric acid-suppression, were non-responders without OVA-specific IgE or IgG1 elevation, indicating protection from allergy. 27789346 5 1 theme anaphylactic 652:663 arg1 symptoms 665:672 anaphylactic symptoms 652:672 anaphylactic symptoms 652:672 In these non-responders, allergen challenges confirmed reduced antigen uptake and lack of anaphylactic symptoms, while in allergic mice high levels of mouse mast-cell protease-1 and a body temperature reduction, indicative for anaphylaxis, were determined. 27789346 7 2 theme single 1047:1052 arg1 level 1091:1095 single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level 1047:1095 single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level 1047:1095 Comparison of fecal microbiota revealed differences of bacterial communities on single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level between the groups, indicating protection from food allergy being associated with a distinct microbiota composition in a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model. 27789346 5 3 theme body 746:749 arg1 reduction 763:771 a body temperature reduction 744:771 a body temperature reduction 744:771 In these non-responders, allergen challenges confirmed reduced antigen uptake and lack of anaphylactic symptoms, while in allergic mice high levels of mouse mast-cell protease-1 and a body temperature reduction, indicative for anaphylaxis, were determined. 27789346 7 4 from level 1091:1095 arg1 differences 1007:1017 differences 1007:1017 differences of bacterial communities on single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level between the groups 1007:1114 Comparison of fecal microbiota revealed differences of bacterial communities on single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level between the groups, indicating protection from food allergy being associated with a distinct microbiota composition in a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model. 27789346 5 5 theme indicative 774:783 arg1 protease-1 729:738 mouse mast-cell protease-1 713:738 mouse mast-cell protease-1 713:738 In these non-responders, allergen challenges confirmed reduced antigen uptake and lack of anaphylactic symptoms, while in allergic mice high levels of mouse mast-cell protease-1 and a body temperature reduction, indicative for anaphylaxis, were determined. 27789346 4 6 theme IgG1 510:513 arg1 elevation 515:523 OVA-specific IgE or IgG1 elevation 490:523 elevation 515:523 Ten out of 64 mice, subjected to oral ovalbumin (OVA) immunizations under gastric acid-suppression, were non-responders without OVA-specific IgE or IgG1 elevation, indicating protection from allergy. 27789346 5 7 theme symptoms 665:672 arg1 lack 644:647 lack 644:647 lack of anaphylactic symptoms 644:672 In these non-responders, allergen challenges confirmed reduced antigen uptake and lack of anaphylactic symptoms, while in allergic mice high levels of mouse mast-cell protease-1 and a body temperature reduction, indicative for anaphylaxis, were determined. 27789346 5 7 theme symptoms 665:672 arg1 uptake 633:638 reduced antigen uptake 617:638 reduced antigen uptake 617:638 In these non-responders, allergen challenges confirmed reduced antigen uptake and lack of anaphylactic symptoms, while in allergic mice high levels of mouse mast-cell protease-1 and a body temperature reduction, indicative for anaphylaxis, were determined. 27789346 6 8 theme OVA 824:826 arg1 stimulation 828:838 OVA stimulation 824:838 OVA stimulation 824:838 Upon OVA stimulation, significantly lower IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels were detected in non-responders, while IL-22 was significantly higher. 27789346 1 9 theme gastric 139:145 arg1 acid-suppression 147:162 gastric acid-suppression 139:162 gastric acid-suppression 139:162 In our mouse model, gastric acid-suppression is associated with antigen-specific IgE and anaphylaxis development. 27789346 0 10 theme oral 88:91 arg1 model 112:116 an oral mouse immunization model 85:116 an oral mouse immunization model 85:116 A distinct microbiota composition is associated with protection from food allergy in an oral mouse immunization model. 27789346 7 11 theme food 1144:1147 arg1 allergy 1149:1155 food allergy 1144:1155 food allergy 1144:1155 Comparison of fecal microbiota revealed differences of bacterial communities on single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level between the groups, indicating protection from food allergy being associated with a distinct microbiota composition in a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model. 27789346 5 12 theme reduced 617:623 arg1 uptake 633:638 reduced antigen uptake 617:638 reduced antigen uptake 617:638 In these non-responders, allergen challenges confirmed reduced antigen uptake and lack of anaphylactic symptoms, while in allergic mice high levels of mouse mast-cell protease-1 and a body temperature reduction, indicative for anaphylaxis, were determined. 27789346 7 13 theme fecal 981:985 arg1 microbiota 987:996 fecal microbiota 981:996 fecal microbiota 981:996 Comparison of fecal microbiota revealed differences of bacterial communities on single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level between the groups, indicating protection from food allergy being associated with a distinct microbiota composition in a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model. 27789346 7 14 theme mouse 1251:1255 arg1 model 1257:1261 this mouse model 1246:1261 this mouse model 1246:1261 Comparison of fecal microbiota revealed differences of bacterial communities on single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level between the groups, indicating protection from food allergy being associated with a distinct microbiota composition in a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model. 27789346 0 15 from protection 53:62 arg1 model 112:116 an oral mouse immunization model 85:116 an oral mouse immunization model 85:116 A distinct microbiota composition is associated with protection from food allergy in an oral mouse immunization model. 27789346 4 16 theme oral 395:398 arg1 OVA 411:413 OVA 411:413 OVA 411:413 Ten out of 64 mice, subjected to oral ovalbumin (OVA) immunizations under gastric acid-suppression, were non-responders without OVA-specific IgE or IgG1 elevation, indicating protection from allergy. 27789346 4 16 theme oral 395:398 arg1 ovalbumin 400:408 oral ovalbumin 395:408 oral ovalbumin (OVA) immunizations under gastric acid-suppression 395:459 Ten out of 64 mice, subjected to oral ovalbumin (OVA) immunizations under gastric acid-suppression, were non-responders without OVA-specific IgE or IgG1 elevation, indicating protection from allergy. 27789346 0 17 theme immunization 99:110 arg1 model 112:116 an oral mouse immunization model 85:116 an oral mouse immunization model 85:116 A distinct microbiota composition is associated with protection from food allergy in an oral mouse immunization model. 27789346 6 18 theme IL-13 883:887 arg1 levels 889:894 significantly lower IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels 841:894 significantly lower IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels 841:894 Upon OVA stimulation, significantly lower IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels were detected in non-responders, while IL-22 was significantly higher. 27789346 5 19 theme antigen 625:631 arg1 uptake 633:638 reduced antigen uptake 617:638 reduced antigen uptake 617:638 In these non-responders, allergen challenges confirmed reduced antigen uptake and lack of anaphylactic symptoms, while in allergic mice high levels of mouse mast-cell protease-1 and a body temperature reduction, indicative for anaphylaxis, were determined. 27789346 2 20 theme food 293:296 arg1 allergy 298:304 food allergy 293:304 food allergy 293:304 We repeatedly observed non-responder animals protected from food allergy. 27789346 0 21 theme mouse 93:97 arg1 model 112:116 an oral mouse immunization model 85:116 an oral mouse immunization model 85:116 A distinct microbiota composition is associated with protection from food allergy in an oral mouse immunization model. 27789346 6 22 theme IL-4 861:864 arg1 levels 889:894 significantly lower IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels 841:894 significantly lower IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels 841:894 Upon OVA stimulation, significantly lower IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels were detected in non-responders, while IL-22 was significantly higher. 27789346 0 23 theme distinct 2:9 arg1 composition 22:32 A distinct microbiota composition 0:32 A distinct microbiota composition 0:32 A distinct microbiota composition is associated with protection from food allergy in an oral mouse immunization model. 27789346 6 24 theme IL-10 873:877 arg1 levels 889:894 significantly lower IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels 841:894 significantly lower IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels 841:894 Upon OVA stimulation, significantly lower IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels were detected in non-responders, while IL-22 was significantly higher. 27789346 5 25 theme temperature 751:761 arg1 reduction 763:771 a body temperature reduction 744:771 a body temperature reduction 744:771 In these non-responders, allergen challenges confirmed reduced antigen uptake and lack of anaphylactic symptoms, while in allergic mice high levels of mouse mast-cell protease-1 and a body temperature reduction, indicative for anaphylaxis, were determined. 27789346 7 26 theme Operational-Taxonomic-Unit 1064:1089 arg1 level 1091:1095 single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level 1047:1095 single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level 1047:1095 Comparison of fecal microbiota revealed differences of bacterial communities on single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level between the groups, indicating protection from food allergy being associated with a distinct microbiota composition in a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model. 27789346 7 27 theme non-responding 1218:1231 arg1 phenotype 1233:1241 a non-responding phenotype 1216:1241 a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model 1216:1261 Comparison of fecal microbiota revealed differences of bacterial communities on single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level between the groups, indicating protection from food allergy being associated with a distinct microbiota composition in a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model. 27789346 7 28 from composition 1201:1211 arg1 phenotype 1233:1241 a non-responding phenotype 1216:1241 a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model 1216:1261 Comparison of fecal microbiota revealed differences of bacterial communities on single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level between the groups, indicating protection from food allergy being associated with a distinct microbiota composition in a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model. 27789346 6 29 theme IL-5 867:870 arg1 levels 889:894 significantly lower IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels 841:894 significantly lower IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels 841:894 Upon OVA stimulation, significantly lower IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels were detected in non-responders, while IL-22 was significantly higher. 27789346 4 30 from allergy 553:559 arg1 protection 537:546 protection 537:546 protection from allergy 537:559 Ten out of 64 mice, subjected to oral ovalbumin (OVA) immunizations under gastric acid-suppression, were non-responders without OVA-specific IgE or IgG1 elevation, indicating protection from allergy. 27789346 5 31 theme allergen 587:594 arg1 challenges 596:605 allergen challenges 587:605 allergen challenges 587:605 In these non-responders, allergen challenges confirmed reduced antigen uptake and lack of anaphylactic symptoms, while in allergic mice high levels of mouse mast-cell protease-1 and a body temperature reduction, indicative for anaphylaxis, were determined. 27789346 1 32 theme antigen-specific 183:198 arg1 IgE 200:202 antigen-specific IgE 183:202 antigen-specific IgE 183:202 In our mouse model, gastric acid-suppression is associated with antigen-specific IgE and anaphylaxis development. 27789346 0 33 theme microbiota 11:20 arg1 composition 22:32 A distinct microbiota composition 0:32 A distinct microbiota composition 0:32 A distinct microbiota composition is associated with protection from food allergy in an oral mouse immunization model. 27789346 7 34 from phenotype 1233:1241 arg1 model 1257:1261 this mouse model 1246:1261 this mouse model 1246:1261 Comparison of fecal microbiota revealed differences of bacterial communities on single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level between the groups, indicating protection from food allergy being associated with a distinct microbiota composition in a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model. 27789346 7 35 theme distinct 1181:1188 arg1 composition 1201:1211 a distinct microbiota composition 1179:1211 a distinct microbiota composition in a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model 1179:1261 Comparison of fecal microbiota revealed differences of bacterial communities on single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level between the groups, indicating protection from food allergy being associated with a distinct microbiota composition in a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model. 27789346 5 36 theme mouse 713:717 arg1 protease-1 729:738 mouse mast-cell protease-1 713:738 mouse mast-cell protease-1 713:738 In these non-responders, allergen challenges confirmed reduced antigen uptake and lack of anaphylactic symptoms, while in allergic mice high levels of mouse mast-cell protease-1 and a body temperature reduction, indicative for anaphylaxis, were determined. 27789346 0 37 from allergy 74:80 arg1 protection 53:62 protection 53:62 protection from food allergy in an oral mouse immunization model 53:116 A distinct microbiota composition is associated with protection from food allergy in an oral mouse immunization model. 27789346 7 38 theme microbiota 1190:1199 arg1 composition 1201:1211 a distinct microbiota composition 1179:1211 a distinct microbiota composition in a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model 1179:1261 Comparison of fecal microbiota revealed differences of bacterial communities on single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level between the groups, indicating protection from food allergy being associated with a distinct microbiota composition in a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model. 27789346 5 39 theme mast-cell 719:727 arg1 protease-1 729:738 mouse mast-cell protease-1 713:738 mouse mast-cell protease-1 713:738 In these non-responders, allergen challenges confirmed reduced antigen uptake and lack of anaphylactic symptoms, while in allergic mice high levels of mouse mast-cell protease-1 and a body temperature reduction, indicative for anaphylaxis, were determined. 27789346 7 40 theme bacterial 1022:1030 arg1 communities 1032:1042 bacterial communities 1022:1042 bacterial communities on single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level 1022:1095 Comparison of fecal microbiota revealed differences of bacterial communities on single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level between the groups, indicating protection from food allergy being associated with a distinct microbiota composition in a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model. 27789346 1 41 theme anaphylaxis 208:218 arg1 development 220:230 anaphylaxis development 208:230 anaphylaxis development 208:230 In our mouse model, gastric acid-suppression is associated with antigen-specific IgE and anaphylaxis development. 27789346 5 42 theme protease-1 729:738 arg1 levels 703:708 high levels 698:708 high levels of mouse mast-cell protease-1 and a body temperature reduction, indicative for anaphylaxis, 698:800 In these non-responders, allergen challenges confirmed reduced antigen uptake and lack of anaphylactic symptoms, while in allergic mice high levels of mouse mast-cell protease-1 and a body temperature reduction, indicative for anaphylaxis, were determined. 27789346 7 43 theme bacterial 1054:1062 arg1 level 1091:1095 single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level 1047:1095 single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level 1047:1095 Comparison of fecal microbiota revealed differences of bacterial communities on single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level between the groups, indicating protection from food allergy being associated with a distinct microbiota composition in a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model. 27789346 4 44 theme gastric 436:442 arg1 acid-suppression 444:459 gastric acid-suppression 436:459 gastric acid-suppression 436:459 Ten out of 64 mice, subjected to oral ovalbumin (OVA) immunizations under gastric acid-suppression, were non-responders without OVA-specific IgE or IgG1 elevation, indicating protection from allergy. 27789346 7 45 theme communities 1032:1042 arg1 differences 1007:1017 differences 1007:1017 differences of bacterial communities on single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level between the groups 1007:1114 Comparison of fecal microbiota revealed differences of bacterial communities on single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level between the groups, indicating protection from food allergy being associated with a distinct microbiota composition in a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model. 27789346 5 46 theme allergic 684:691 arg1 mice 693:696 allergic mice 684:696 allergic mice 684:696 In these non-responders, allergen challenges confirmed reduced antigen uptake and lack of anaphylactic symptoms, while in allergic mice high levels of mouse mast-cell protease-1 and a body temperature reduction, indicative for anaphylaxis, were determined. 27789346 6 47 theme lower 855:859 arg1 levels 889:894 significantly lower IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels 841:894 significantly lower IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels 841:894 Upon OVA stimulation, significantly lower IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels were detected in non-responders, while IL-22 was significantly higher. 27789346 4 48 theme ovalbumin 400:408 arg1 immunizations 416:428 oral ovalbumin (OVA) immunizations 395:428 oral ovalbumin (OVA) immunizations under gastric acid-suppression 395:459 Ten out of 64 mice, subjected to oral ovalbumin (OVA) immunizations under gastric acid-suppression, were non-responders without OVA-specific IgE or IgG1 elevation, indicating protection from allergy. 27789346 5 49 theme high 698:701 arg1 levels 703:708 high levels 698:708 high levels of mouse mast-cell protease-1 and a body temperature reduction, indicative for anaphylaxis, 698:800 In these non-responders, allergen challenges confirmed reduced antigen uptake and lack of anaphylactic symptoms, while in allergic mice high levels of mouse mast-cell protease-1 and a body temperature reduction, indicative for anaphylaxis, were determined. 27789346 7 50 theme microbiota 987:996 arg1 Comparison 967:976 Comparison 967:976 Comparison of fecal microbiota 967:996 Comparison of fecal microbiota revealed differences of bacterial communities on single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level between the groups, indicating protection from food allergy being associated with a distinct microbiota composition in a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model. 27789346 0 51 theme food 69:72 arg1 allergy 74:80 food allergy 69:80 food allergy 69:80 A distinct microbiota composition is associated with protection from food allergy in an oral mouse immunization model. 27789346 6 52 located detected 901:908 arg2 levels 889:894 significantly lower IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels 841:894 significantly lower IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels 841:894 Upon OVA stimulation, significantly lower IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels were detected in non-responders, while IL-22 was significantly higher. 27789346 6 52 located detected 901:908 arg1 non-responders 913:926 non-responders 913:926 non-responders 913:926 Upon OVA stimulation, significantly lower IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels were detected in non-responders, while IL-22 was significantly higher. 27789346 2 53 theme non-responder 256:268 arg1 animals 270:276 non-responder animals 256:276 non-responder animals protected from food allergy 256:304 We repeatedly observed non-responder animals protected from food allergy. 27789346 7 54 from differences 1007:1017 arg1 level 1091:1095 single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level 1047:1095 single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level 1047:1095 Comparison of fecal microbiota revealed differences of bacterial communities on single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level between the groups, indicating protection from food allergy being associated with a distinct microbiota composition in a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model. 27789346 1 55 theme mouse 126:130 arg1 model 132:136 our mouse model 122:136 our mouse model 122:136 In our mouse model, gastric acid-suppression is associated with antigen-specific IgE and anaphylaxis development. 27789346 5 56 theme reduction 763:771 arg1 levels 703:708 high levels 698:708 high levels of mouse mast-cell protease-1 and a body temperature reduction, indicative for anaphylaxis, 698:800 In these non-responders, allergen challenges confirmed reduced antigen uptake and lack of anaphylactic symptoms, while in allergic mice high levels of mouse mast-cell protease-1 and a body temperature reduction, indicative for anaphylaxis, were determined. 27789346 7 57 from communities 1032:1042 arg1 level 1091:1095 single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level 1047:1095 single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level 1047:1095 Comparison of fecal microbiota revealed differences of bacterial communities on single bacterial Operational-Taxonomic-Unit level between the groups, indicating protection from food allergy being associated with a distinct microbiota composition in a non-responding phenotype in this mouse model. 25248855 5 0 theme total 615:619 arg1 phenolics 621:629 total phenolics 615:629 total phenolics 615:629 Despite a 5-fold variation in total phenolics among wines, differences in bitter taste were small. 25248855 6 1 theme Perceived 684:692 arg1 viscosity 694:702 Perceived viscosity 684:702 Perceived viscosity 684:702 Perceived viscosity was associated with higher phenolics but was not associated with either glycerol or polysaccharide concentration. 25248855 2 2 theme wine 309:312 arg1 taste 294:298 taste 294:298 taste 294:298 The influence of juice extraction processes on the mouthfeel and taste of white wine and their relationship to wine composition were determined. 25248855 2 2 theme wine 309:312 arg1 mouthfeel 280:288 mouthfeel 280:288 mouthfeel 280:288 The influence of juice extraction processes on the mouthfeel and taste of white wine and their relationship to wine composition were determined. 25248855 2 2 theme wine 309:312 arg1 relationship 324:335 their relationship 318:335 their relationship to wine composition 318:355 The influence of juice extraction processes on the mouthfeel and taste of white wine and their relationship to wine composition were determined. 25248855 7 3 theme handling 874:881 arg1 processes 883:891 juice extraction and handling processes 853:891 juice extraction and handling processes that minimize phenolic concentration 853:928 Bitterness may be reduced by using juice extraction and handling processes that minimize phenolic concentration, but lowering phenolic concentration may also result in wines of lower perceived viscosity. 25248855 1 4 theme juice 211:215 arg1 contact 200:206 contact 200:206 contact of juice with skins 200:226 The juice used to make white wine can be extracted using various physical processes that affect the amount and timing of contact of juice with skins. 25248855 6 5 theme polysaccharide 788:801 arg1 concentration 803:815 polysaccharide concentration 788:815 polysaccharide concentration 788:815 Perceived viscosity was associated with higher phenolics but was not associated with either glycerol or polysaccharide concentration. 25248855 2 6 theme white 303:307 arg1 wine 309:312 white wine 303:312 white wine 303:312 The influence of juice extraction processes on the mouthfeel and taste of white wine and their relationship to wine composition were determined. 25248855 7 7 theme juice 853:857 arg1 extraction 859:868 juice extraction 853:868 juice extraction 853:868 Bitterness may be reduced by using juice extraction and handling processes that minimize phenolic concentration, but lowering phenolic concentration may also result in wines of lower perceived viscosity. 25248855 2 8 theme juice 246:250 arg1 processes 263:271 juice extraction processes 246:271 juice extraction processes 246:271 The influence of juice extraction processes on the mouthfeel and taste of white wine and their relationship to wine composition were determined. 25248855 7 9 theme extraction 859:868 arg1 processes 883:891 juice extraction and handling processes 853:891 juice extraction and handling processes that minimize phenolic concentration 853:928 Bitterness may be reduced by using juice extraction and handling processes that minimize phenolic concentration, but lowering phenolic concentration may also result in wines of lower perceived viscosity. 25248855 7 10 theme phenolic 944:951 arg1 concentration 953:965 lowering phenolic concentration 935:965 lowering phenolic concentration 935:965 Bitterness may be reduced by using juice extraction and handling processes that minimize phenolic concentration, but lowering phenolic concentration may also result in wines of lower perceived viscosity. 25248855 3 11 theme total 448:452 arg1 concentration 463:475 wine total phenolic concentration 443:475 wine total phenolic concentration 443:475 The amount and type of interaction of juice with skins affected both wine total phenolic concentration and phenolic composition. 25248855 3 12 theme phenolic 481:488 arg1 composition 490:500 phenolic composition 481:500 phenolic composition 481:500 The amount and type of interaction of juice with skins affected both wine total phenolic concentration and phenolic composition. 25248855 1 13 theme various 136:142 arg1 processes 153:161 various physical processes 136:161 various physical processes that affect the amount and timing of contact of juice with skins 136:226 The juice used to make white wine can be extracted using various physical processes that affect the amount and timing of contact of juice with skins. 25248855 5 14 theme 5-fold 595:600 arg1 variation 602:610 a 5-fold variation 593:610 a 5-fold variation in total phenolics among wines 593:641 Despite a 5-fold variation in total phenolics among wines, differences in bitter taste were small. 25248855 1 15 theme physical 144:151 arg1 processes 153:161 various physical processes 136:161 various physical processes that affect the amount and timing of contact of juice with skins 136:226 The juice used to make white wine can be extracted using various physical processes that affect the amount and timing of contact of juice with skins. 25248855 7 16 theme lowering 935:942 arg1 concentration 953:965 lowering phenolic concentration 935:965 lowering phenolic concentration 935:965 Bitterness may be reduced by using juice extraction and handling processes that minimize phenolic concentration, but lowering phenolic concentration may also result in wines of lower perceived viscosity. 25248855 0 17 theme White 0:4 arg1 wine 6:9 White wine taste and mouthfeel 0:29 White wine taste and mouthfeel 0:29 White wine taste and mouthfeel as affected by juice extraction and processing. 25248855 5 18 from variation 602:610 arg1 phenolics 621:629 total phenolics 615:629 total phenolics 615:629 Despite a 5-fold variation in total phenolics among wines, differences in bitter taste were small. 25248855 2 19 dep mouthfeel 280:288 arg1 the 276:278 the 276:278 the 276:278 The influence of juice extraction processes on the mouthfeel and taste of white wine and their relationship to wine composition were determined. 25248855 3 20 with interaction 397:407 arg1 skins 423:427 skins 423:427 skins 423:427 The amount and type of interaction of juice with skins affected both wine total phenolic concentration and phenolic composition. 25248855 2 21 theme processes 263:271 arg1 influence 233:241 The influence 229:241 The influence of juice extraction processes on the mouthfeel and taste of white wine and their relationship to wine composition 229:355 The influence of juice extraction processes on the mouthfeel and taste of white wine and their relationship to wine composition were determined. 25248855 3 22 theme juice 412:416 arg1 interaction 397:407 interaction 397:407 interaction of juice with skins 397:427 The amount and type of interaction of juice with skins affected both wine total phenolic concentration and phenolic composition. 25248855 4 23 theme perceived 531:539 arg1 viscosity 541:549 viscosity 541:549 viscosity 541:549 Wine pH strongly influenced perceived viscosity, astringency/drying, and acidity. 25248855 6 24 theme higher 724:729 arg1 phenolics 731:739 higher phenolics 724:739 higher phenolics 724:739 Perceived viscosity was associated with higher phenolics but was not associated with either glycerol or polysaccharide concentration. 25248855 2 25 theme extraction 252:261 arg1 processes 263:271 juice extraction processes 246:271 juice extraction processes 246:271 The influence of juice extraction processes on the mouthfeel and taste of white wine and their relationship to wine composition were determined. 25248855 3 26 dep amount 378:383 arg1 The 374:376 The 374:376 The 374:376 The amount and type of interaction of juice with skins affected both wine total phenolic concentration and phenolic composition. 25248855 3 27 theme interaction 397:407 arg1 type 389:392 type 389:392 type 389:392 The amount and type of interaction of juice with skins affected both wine total phenolic concentration and phenolic composition. 25248855 3 27 theme interaction 397:407 arg1 amount 378:383 amount 378:383 amount 378:383 The amount and type of interaction of juice with skins affected both wine total phenolic concentration and phenolic composition. 25248855 3 27 theme interaction 397:407 arg1 interaction 397:407 interaction 397:407 interaction of juice with skins 397:427 The amount and type of interaction of juice with skins affected both wine total phenolic concentration and phenolic composition. 25248855 7 28 theme viscosity 1011:1019 arg1 wines 986:990 wines 986:990 wines of lower perceived viscosity 986:1019 Bitterness may be reduced by using juice extraction and handling processes that minimize phenolic concentration, but lowering phenolic concentration may also result in wines of lower perceived viscosity. 25248855 4 29 theme Wine 503:506 arg1 pH 508:509 Wine pH 503:509 Wine pH 503:509 Wine pH strongly influenced perceived viscosity, astringency/drying, and acidity. 25248855 3 30 theme phenolic 454:461 arg1 concentration 463:475 wine total phenolic concentration 443:475 wine total phenolic concentration 443:475 The amount and type of interaction of juice with skins affected both wine total phenolic concentration and phenolic composition. 25248855 3 31 theme wine 443:446 arg1 concentration 463:475 wine total phenolic concentration 443:475 wine total phenolic concentration 443:475 The amount and type of interaction of juice with skins affected both wine total phenolic concentration and phenolic composition. 25248855 2 32 from influence 233:241 arg1 taste 294:298 taste 294:298 taste 294:298 The influence of juice extraction processes on the mouthfeel and taste of white wine and their relationship to wine composition were determined. 25248855 2 32 from influence 233:241 arg1 relationship 324:335 their relationship 318:335 their relationship to wine composition 318:355 The influence of juice extraction processes on the mouthfeel and taste of white wine and their relationship to wine composition were determined. 25248855 2 32 from influence 233:241 arg1 mouthfeel 280:288 mouthfeel 280:288 mouthfeel 280:288 The influence of juice extraction processes on the mouthfeel and taste of white wine and their relationship to wine composition were determined. 25248855 1 33 dep amount 179:184 arg1 the 175:177 the 175:177 the 175:177 The juice used to make white wine can be extracted using various physical processes that affect the amount and timing of contact of juice with skins. 25248855 7 34 theme perceived 1001:1009 arg1 viscosity 1011:1019 lower perceived viscosity 995:1019 lower perceived viscosity 995:1019 Bitterness may be reduced by using juice extraction and handling processes that minimize phenolic concentration, but lowering phenolic concentration may also result in wines of lower perceived viscosity. 25248855 1 35 theme white 102:106 arg1 wine 108:111 white wine 102:111 white wine 102:111 The juice used to make white wine can be extracted using various physical processes that affect the amount and timing of contact of juice with skins. 25248855 7 36 theme phenolic 907:914 arg1 concentration 916:928 phenolic concentration 907:928 phenolic concentration 907:928 Bitterness may be reduced by using juice extraction and handling processes that minimize phenolic concentration, but lowering phenolic concentration may also result in wines of lower perceived viscosity. 25248855 5 37 theme bitter 659:664 arg1 taste 666:670 bitter taste 659:670 bitter taste 659:670 Despite a 5-fold variation in total phenolics among wines, differences in bitter taste were small. 25248855 1 38 with contact 200:206 arg1 skins 222:226 skins 222:226 skins 222:226 The juice used to make white wine can be extracted using various physical processes that affect the amount and timing of contact of juice with skins. 25248855 0 39 dep wine 6:9 arg1 taste 11:15 taste 11:15 taste 11:15 White wine taste and mouthfeel as affected by juice extraction and processing. 25248855 0 39 dep wine 6:9 arg1 mouthfeel 21:29 mouthfeel 21:29 mouthfeel 21:29 White wine taste and mouthfeel as affected by juice extraction and processing. 25248855 2 40 theme wine 340:343 arg1 composition 345:355 wine composition 340:355 wine composition 340:355 The influence of juice extraction processes on the mouthfeel and taste of white wine and their relationship to wine composition were determined. 25248855 1 41 theme contact 200:206 arg1 contact 200:206 contact 200:206 contact of juice with skins 200:226 The juice used to make white wine can be extracted using various physical processes that affect the amount and timing of contact of juice with skins. 25248855 1 41 theme contact 200:206 arg1 timing 190:195 timing 190:195 timing 190:195 The juice used to make white wine can be extracted using various physical processes that affect the amount and timing of contact of juice with skins. 25248855 1 41 theme contact 200:206 arg1 amount 179:184 amount 179:184 amount 179:184 The juice used to make white wine can be extracted using various physical processes that affect the amount and timing of contact of juice with skins. 25248855 0 42 theme juice 46:50 arg1 extraction 52:61 juice extraction 46:61 juice extraction 46:61 White wine taste and mouthfeel as affected by juice extraction and processing. 25248855 5 43 from differences 644:654 arg1 taste 666:670 bitter taste 659:670 bitter taste 659:670 Despite a 5-fold variation in total phenolics among wines, differences in bitter taste were small. 29056111 7 0 theme related 1116:1122 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1205:1228 phosphatidylethanolamine 1205:1228 phosphatidylethanolamine 1205:1228 Strain JJ-59T shared with its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid, but the presence/absence of certain lipids was clearly distinguishable. 29056111 7 0 theme related 1116:1122 arg1 species 1124:1130 its next related species 1107:1130 its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid 1107:1266 Strain JJ-59T shared with its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid, but the presence/absence of certain lipids was clearly distinguishable. 29056111 7 0 theme related 1116:1122 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1159:1180 diphosphatidylglycerol 1159:1180 diphosphatidylglycerol 1159:1180 Strain JJ-59T shared with its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid, but the presence/absence of certain lipids was clearly distinguishable. 29056111 7 0 theme related 1116:1122 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1183:1202 phosphatidylglycerol 1183:1202 phosphatidylglycerol 1183:1202 Strain JJ-59T shared with its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid, but the presence/absence of certain lipids was clearly distinguishable. 29056111 3 1 theme aceris 461:466 arg1 strains 436:442 the type strains 427:442 the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %) 427:550 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 6 2 theme genus 1060:1064 arg1 characteristics 1037:1051 the characteristics 1033:1051 the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus 1033:1078 Chemotaxonomic characteristics such as the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and spermidine as the major polyamine were in agreement with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 3 3 theme gene 485:488 arg1 similarity 499:508 98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 469:508 98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 469:508 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 3 3 theme gene 485:488 arg1 aceris 461:466 Paenibacillus aceris 447:466 Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 447:509 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 9 4 theme related 1577:1583 arg1 species 1585:1591 the most closely related species 1560:1591 the most closely related species of the genus Paenibacillus 1560:1618 Physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain JJ-59T were clearly different from the most closely related species of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 4 5 theme species 583:589 arg1 strains 572:578 all other type strains 557:578 all other type strains of species of the genus Paenibacillus lower 16S rRNA gene 557:636 For all other type strains of species of the genus Paenibacillus lower 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were obtained. 29056111 2 6 theme bacterial 147:155 arg1 JJ-59T 165:170 JJ-59T 165:170 JJ-59T 165:170 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain (JJ-59T), isolated from a field-grown maize plant in Dunbar, Nebraska in 2014 was studied by a polyphasic approach. 29056111 2 6 theme bacterial 147:155 arg1 strain 157:162 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain 90:162 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain (JJ-59T) 90:171 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain (JJ-59T), isolated from a field-grown maize plant in Dunbar, Nebraska in 2014 was studied by a polyphasic approach. 29056111 3 7 theme 16S 476:478 arg1 similarity 499:508 98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 469:508 98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 469:508 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 3 7 theme 16S 476:478 arg1 aceris 461:466 Paenibacillus aceris 447:466 Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 447:509 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 6 8 from peptidoglycan 934:946 arg1 presence 890:897 the presence 886:897 the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and spermidine 886:985 Chemotaxonomic characteristics such as the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and spermidine as the major polyamine were in agreement with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 10 9 theme Paenibacillus 1681:1693 arg1 genus 1675:1679 the genus Paenibacillus 1671:1693 the genus Paenibacillus 1671:1693 Thus, strain JJ-59T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus nebraskensis sp. 29056111 4 10 theme other 561:565 arg1 strains 572:578 all other type strains 557:578 all other type strains of species of the genus Paenibacillus lower 16S rRNA gene 557:636 For all other type strains of species of the genus Paenibacillus lower 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were obtained. 29056111 1 11 theme maize 83:87 arg1 surface 60:66 the root surface 51:66 the root surface of field-grown maize 51:87 nov., isolated from the root surface of field-grown maize. 29056111 11 12 theme 111179T=LMG 1794:1804 arg1 29764T 1806:1811 =DSM 103623T=CIP 111179T=LMG 29764T 1777:1811 =DSM 103623T=CIP 111179T=LMG 29764T 1777:1811 nov. is proposed, with JJ-59T (=DSM 103623T=CIP 111179T=LMG 29764T) as the type strain. 29056111 11 12 theme 111179T=LMG 1794:1804 arg1 JJ-59T 1769:1774 JJ-59T 1769:1774 JJ-59T (=DSM 103623T=CIP 111179T=LMG 29764T) as the type strain 1769:1831 nov. is proposed, with JJ-59T (=DSM 103623T=CIP 111179T=LMG 29764T) as the type strain. 29056111 9 13 from species 1585:1591 arg1 different 1545:1553 different 1545:1553 different 1545:1553 Physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain JJ-59T were clearly different from the most closely related species of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 8 14 theme JJ-59T 1369:1374 arg1 acids 1353:1357 Major fatty acids 1341:1357 Major fatty acids of strain JJ-59T 1341:1374 Major fatty acids of strain JJ-59T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the genomic G+C content is 47.2 mol%. 29056111 7 15 theme lipids 1305:1310 arg1 presence/absence 1277:1292 the presence/absence 1273:1292 the presence/absence of certain lipids 1273:1310 Strain JJ-59T shared with its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid, but the presence/absence of certain lipids was clearly distinguishable. 29056111 7 15 theme lipids 1305:1310 arg1 distinguishable 1324:1338 distinguishable 1324:1338 distinguishable 1324:1338 Strain JJ-59T shared with its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid, but the presence/absence of certain lipids was clearly distinguishable. 29056111 11 16 theme =DSM 1777:1780 arg1 29764T 1806:1811 =DSM 103623T=CIP 111179T=LMG 29764T 1777:1811 =DSM 103623T=CIP 111179T=LMG 29764T 1777:1811 nov. is proposed, with JJ-59T (=DSM 103623T=CIP 111179T=LMG 29764T) as the type strain. 29056111 11 16 theme =DSM 1777:1780 arg1 JJ-59T 1769:1774 JJ-59T 1769:1774 JJ-59T (=DSM 103623T=CIP 111179T=LMG 29764T) as the type strain 1769:1831 nov. is proposed, with JJ-59T (=DSM 103623T=CIP 111179T=LMG 29764T) as the type strain. 29056111 4 17 theme gene 633:636 arg1 species 583:589 species 583:589 species of the genus Paenibacillus lower 16S rRNA gene 583:636 For all other type strains of species of the genus Paenibacillus lower 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were obtained. 29056111 3 18 theme chondroitinus 529:541 arg1 strains 436:442 the type strains 427:442 the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %) 427:550 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 2 19 theme polyphasic 259:268 arg1 approach 270:277 a polyphasic approach 257:277 a polyphasic approach 257:277 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain (JJ-59T), isolated from a field-grown maize plant in Dunbar, Nebraska in 2014 was studied by a polyphasic approach. 29056111 3 20 theme gene 298:301 arg1 comparisons 323:333 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 289:333 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 289:333 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 11 21 theme type 1821:1824 arg1 strain 1826:1831 the type strain 1817:1831 the type strain 1817:1831 nov. is proposed, with JJ-59T (=DSM 103623T=CIP 111179T=LMG 29764T) as the type strain. 29056111 4 22 theme Paenibacillus 604:616 arg1 gene 633:636 the genus Paenibacillus lower 16S rRNA gene 594:636 the genus Paenibacillus lower 16S rRNA gene 594:636 For all other type strains of species of the genus Paenibacillus lower 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were obtained. 29056111 7 23 theme next 1111:1114 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1205:1228 phosphatidylethanolamine 1205:1228 phosphatidylethanolamine 1205:1228 Strain JJ-59T shared with its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid, but the presence/absence of certain lipids was clearly distinguishable. 29056111 7 23 theme next 1111:1114 arg1 species 1124:1130 its next related species 1107:1130 its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid 1107:1266 Strain JJ-59T shared with its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid, but the presence/absence of certain lipids was clearly distinguishable. 29056111 7 23 theme next 1111:1114 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1159:1180 diphosphatidylglycerol 1159:1180 diphosphatidylglycerol 1159:1180 Strain JJ-59T shared with its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid, but the presence/absence of certain lipids was clearly distinguishable. 29056111 7 23 theme next 1111:1114 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1183:1202 phosphatidylglycerol 1183:1202 phosphatidylglycerol 1183:1202 Strain JJ-59T shared with its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid, but the presence/absence of certain lipids was clearly distinguishable. 29056111 10 24 theme Paenibacillus 1715:1727 arg1 sp 1742:1743 the name Paenibacillus nebraskensis sp 1706:1743 the name Paenibacillus nebraskensis sp 1706:1743 Thus, strain JJ-59T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus nebraskensis sp. 29056111 3 25 theme 16S 289:291 arg1 comparisons 323:333 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 289:333 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 289:333 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 6 26 from presence 890:897 arg1 peptidoglycan 934:946 the peptidoglycan 930:946 the peptidoglycan 930:946 Chemotaxonomic characteristics such as the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and spermidine as the major polyamine were in agreement with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 4 27 theme 16S 624:626 arg1 rRNA 628:631 lower 16S rRNA 618:631 the genus Paenibacillus lower 16S rRNA gene 594:636 For all other type strains of species of the genus Paenibacillus lower 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were obtained. 29056111 5 28 theme strain 707:712 arg1 JJ-59T 714:719 strain JJ-59T 707:719 strain JJ-59T 707:719 DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain JJ-59T to the type strains of P. aceris and P. chondroitinus were 26 % (reciprocal, 59 %) and 52 % (reciprocal, 59 %), respectively. 29056111 1 29 theme root 55:58 arg1 surface 60:66 the root surface 51:66 the root surface of field-grown maize 51:87 nov., isolated from the root surface of field-grown maize. 29056111 6 30 theme Chemotaxonomic 847:860 arg1 presence 890:897 the presence 886:897 the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and spermidine 886:985 Chemotaxonomic characteristics such as the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and spermidine as the major polyamine were in agreement with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 6 30 theme Chemotaxonomic 847:860 arg1 characteristics 862:876 Chemotaxonomic characteristics 847:876 Chemotaxonomic characteristics such as the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and spermidine as the major polyamine 847:1008 Chemotaxonomic characteristics such as the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and spermidine as the major polyamine were in agreement with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 3 31 theme similarity 312:321 arg1 comparisons 323:333 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 289:333 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 289:333 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 3 32 theme Paenibacillus 388:400 arg1 genus 382:386 the genus Paenibacillus 378:400 the genus Paenibacillus 378:400 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 5 33 theme DNA-DNA 675:681 arg1 hybridization 683:695 DNA-DNA hybridization 675:695 DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain JJ-59T to the type strains of P. aceris and P. chondroitinus 675:773 DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain JJ-59T to the type strains of P. aceris and P. chondroitinus were 26 % (reciprocal, 59 %) and 52 % (reciprocal, 59 %), respectively. 29056111 6 34 theme major 953:957 arg1 MK-7 967:970 the major quinone MK-7 949:970 the major quinone MK-7 949:970 Chemotaxonomic characteristics such as the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and spermidine as the major polyamine were in agreement with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 6 34 theme major 953:957 arg1 acid 922:925 meso-diaminopimelic acid 902:925 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan 902:946 Chemotaxonomic characteristics such as the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and spermidine as the major polyamine were in agreement with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 11 35 theme 103623T=CIP 1782:1792 arg1 29764T 1806:1811 =DSM 103623T=CIP 111179T=LMG 29764T 1777:1811 =DSM 103623T=CIP 111179T=LMG 29764T 1777:1811 nov. is proposed, with JJ-59T (=DSM 103623T=CIP 111179T=LMG 29764T) as the type strain. 29056111 11 35 theme 103623T=CIP 1782:1792 arg1 JJ-59T 1769:1774 JJ-59T 1769:1774 JJ-59T (=DSM 103623T=CIP 111179T=LMG 29764T) as the type strain 1769:1831 nov. is proposed, with JJ-59T (=DSM 103623T=CIP 111179T=LMG 29764T) as the type strain. 29056111 0 36 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 27:28 Paenibacillus nebraskensis sp 0:28 Paenibacillus nebraskensis sp. 0:29 Paenibacillus nebraskensis sp. 29056111 7 37 dep species 1124:1130 arg1 species 1124:1130 its next related species 1107:1130 its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid 1107:1266 Strain JJ-59T shared with its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid, but the presence/absence of certain lipids was clearly distinguishable. 29056111 7 37 dep species 1124:1130 arg1 aminophospholipid 1250:1266 aminophospholipid 1250:1266 aminophospholipid 1250:1266 Strain JJ-59T shared with its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid, but the presence/absence of certain lipids was clearly distinguishable. 29056111 7 37 dep species 1124:1130 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1183:1202 phosphatidylglycerol 1183:1202 phosphatidylglycerol 1183:1202 Strain JJ-59T shared with its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid, but the presence/absence of certain lipids was clearly distinguishable. 29056111 7 37 dep species 1124:1130 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1205:1228 phosphatidylethanolamine 1205:1228 phosphatidylethanolamine 1205:1228 Strain JJ-59T shared with its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid, but the presence/absence of certain lipids was clearly distinguishable. 29056111 7 37 dep species 1124:1130 arg1 lipids 1152:1157 the major lipids 1142:1157 its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid 1107:1266 Strain JJ-59T shared with its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid, but the presence/absence of certain lipids was clearly distinguishable. 29056111 7 37 dep species 1124:1130 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1159:1180 diphosphatidylglycerol 1159:1180 diphosphatidylglycerol 1159:1180 Strain JJ-59T shared with its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid, but the presence/absence of certain lipids was clearly distinguishable. 29056111 8 38 theme genomic 1435:1441 arg1 G+C content 1443:1453 the genomic G+C content 1431:1453 the genomic G+C content 1431:1453 Major fatty acids of strain JJ-59T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the genomic G+C content is 47.2 mol%. 29056111 8 38 theme genomic 1435:1441 arg1 % 1466:1466 47.2 mol% 1458:1466 47.2 mol% 1458:1466 Major fatty acids of strain JJ-59T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the genomic G+C content is 47.2 mol%. 29056111 3 39 theme related 416:422 arg1 JJ-59T 343:348 strain JJ-59T 336:348 strain JJ-59T 336:348 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 3 39 theme related 416:422 arg1 member 368:373 a member 366:373 a member 366:373 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 5 40 theme aceris 747:752 arg1 strains 733:739 the type strains 724:739 the type strains of P. aceris and P. chondroitinus 724:773 DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain JJ-59T to the type strains of P. aceris and P. chondroitinus were 26 % (reciprocal, 59 %) and 52 % (reciprocal, 59 %), respectively. 29056111 10 41 theme novel 1654:1658 arg1 species 1660:1666 a novel species 1652:1666 a novel species 1652:1666 Thus, strain JJ-59T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus nebraskensis sp. 29056111 2 42 attach isolated 174:181 arg2 JJ-59T 165:170 JJ-59T 165:170 JJ-59T 165:170 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain (JJ-59T), isolated from a field-grown maize plant in Dunbar, Nebraska in 2014 was studied by a polyphasic approach. 29056111 2 42 attach isolated 174:181 arg1 plant 208:212 a field-grown maize plant 188:212 a field-grown maize plant in Dunbar, Nebraska in 2014 188:240 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain (JJ-59T), isolated from a field-grown maize plant in Dunbar, Nebraska in 2014 was studied by a polyphasic approach. 29056111 2 42 attach isolated 174:181 arg2 strain 157:162 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain 90:162 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain (JJ-59T) 90:171 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain (JJ-59T), isolated from a field-grown maize plant in Dunbar, Nebraska in 2014 was studied by a polyphasic approach. 29056111 6 43 theme acid 922:925 arg1 presence 890:897 the presence 886:897 the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and spermidine 886:985 Chemotaxonomic characteristics such as the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and spermidine as the major polyamine were in agreement with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 2 44 dep Gram-positive-staining 92:113 arg1 aerobic 116:122 aerobic 116:122 aerobic 116:122 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain (JJ-59T), isolated from a field-grown maize plant in Dunbar, Nebraska in 2014 was studied by a polyphasic approach. 29056111 2 44 dep Gram-positive-staining 92:113 arg1 non-endospore-forming 125:145 non-endospore-forming 125:145 non-endospore-forming 125:145 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain (JJ-59T), isolated from a field-grown maize plant in Dunbar, Nebraska in 2014 was studied by a polyphasic approach. 29056111 8 45 theme Major 1341:1345 arg1 acids 1353:1357 Major fatty acids 1341:1357 Major fatty acids of strain JJ-59T 1341:1374 Major fatty acids of strain JJ-59T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the genomic G+C content is 47.2 mol%. 29056111 5 46 theme type 728:731 arg1 strains 733:739 the type strains 724:739 the type strains of P. aceris and P. chondroitinus 724:773 DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain JJ-59T to the type strains of P. aceris and P. chondroitinus were 26 % (reciprocal, 59 %) and 52 % (reciprocal, 59 %), respectively. 29056111 9 47 theme strain 1518:1523 arg1 JJ-59T 1525:1530 strain JJ-59T 1518:1530 strain JJ-59T 1518:1530 Physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain JJ-59T were clearly different from the most closely related species of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 2 48 theme field-grown 190:200 arg1 plant 208:212 a field-grown maize plant 188:212 a field-grown maize plant in Dunbar, Nebraska in 2014 188:240 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain (JJ-59T), isolated from a field-grown maize plant in Dunbar, Nebraska in 2014 was studied by a polyphasic approach. 29056111 7 49 theme major 1146:1150 arg1 lipids 1152:1157 the major lipids 1142:1157 its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid 1107:1266 Strain JJ-59T shared with its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid, but the presence/absence of certain lipids was clearly distinguishable. 29056111 8 50 theme strain 1362:1367 arg1 JJ-59T 1369:1374 strain JJ-59T 1362:1374 strain JJ-59T 1362:1374 Major fatty acids of strain JJ-59T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the genomic G+C content is 47.2 mol%. 29056111 3 51 theme Paenibacillus 447:459 arg1 aceris 461:466 Paenibacillus aceris 447:466 Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 447:509 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 3 51 theme Paenibacillus 447:459 arg1 similarity 499:508 98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 469:508 98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 469:508 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 2 52 theme Gram-positive-staining 92:113 arg1 JJ-59T 165:170 JJ-59T 165:170 JJ-59T 165:170 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain (JJ-59T), isolated from a field-grown maize plant in Dunbar, Nebraska in 2014 was studied by a polyphasic approach. 29056111 2 52 theme Gram-positive-staining 92:113 arg1 strain 157:162 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain 90:162 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain (JJ-59T) 90:171 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain (JJ-59T), isolated from a field-grown maize plant in Dunbar, Nebraska in 2014 was studied by a polyphasic approach. 29056111 3 53 theme rRNA 480:483 arg1 similarity 499:508 98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 469:508 98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 469:508 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 3 53 theme rRNA 480:483 arg1 aceris 461:466 Paenibacillus aceris 447:466 Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 447:509 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 5 54 dep reciprocal 814:823 arg1 % 829:829 59 % 826:829 59 % 826:829 DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain JJ-59T to the type strains of P. aceris and P. chondroitinus were 26 % (reciprocal, 59 %) and 52 % (reciprocal, 59 %), respectively. 29056111 3 55 theme % 474:474 arg1 similarity 499:508 98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 469:508 98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 469:508 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 3 55 theme % 474:474 arg1 aceris 461:466 Paenibacillus aceris 447:466 Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 447:509 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 6 56 from acid 922:925 arg1 peptidoglycan 934:946 the peptidoglycan 930:946 the peptidoglycan 930:946 Chemotaxonomic characteristics such as the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and spermidine as the major polyamine were in agreement with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 3 57 theme sequence 490:497 arg1 similarity 499:508 98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 469:508 98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 469:508 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 3 57 theme sequence 490:497 arg1 aceris 461:466 Paenibacillus aceris 447:466 Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) 447:509 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 9 58 theme Paenibacillus 1606:1618 arg1 species 1585:1591 the most closely related species 1560:1591 the most closely related species of the genus Paenibacillus 1560:1618 Physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain JJ-59T were clearly different from the most closely related species of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 10 59 theme name 1710:1713 arg1 sp 1742:1743 the name Paenibacillus nebraskensis sp 1706:1743 the name Paenibacillus nebraskensis sp 1706:1743 Thus, strain JJ-59T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus nebraskensis sp. 29056111 5 60 theme chondroitinus 761:773 arg1 strains 733:739 the type strains 724:739 the type strains of P. aceris and P. chondroitinus 724:773 DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain JJ-59T to the type strains of P. aceris and P. chondroitinus were 26 % (reciprocal, 59 %) and 52 % (reciprocal, 59 %), respectively. 29056111 6 61 with agreement 1018:1026 arg1 characteristics 1037:1051 the characteristics 1033:1051 the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus 1033:1078 Chemotaxonomic characteristics such as the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and spermidine as the major polyamine were in agreement with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 4 62 theme type 567:570 arg1 strains 572:578 all other type strains 557:578 all other type strains of species of the genus Paenibacillus lower 16S rRNA gene 557:636 For all other type strains of species of the genus Paenibacillus lower 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were obtained. 29056111 3 63 theme Paenibacillus 515:527 arg1 chondroitinus 529:541 Paenibacillus chondroitinus 515:541 Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %) 515:550 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 3 63 theme Paenibacillus 515:527 arg1 % 549:549 97.8 % 544:549 97.8 % 544:549 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 7 64 theme certain 1297:1303 arg1 lipids 1305:1310 certain lipids 1297:1310 certain lipids 1297:1310 Strain JJ-59T shared with its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid, but the presence/absence of certain lipids was clearly distinguishable. 29056111 4 65 theme rRNA 628:631 arg1 gene 633:636 the genus Paenibacillus lower 16S rRNA gene 594:636 the genus Paenibacillus lower 16S rRNA gene 594:636 For all other type strains of species of the genus Paenibacillus lower 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were obtained. 29056111 10 66 theme genus 1675:1679 arg1 species 1660:1666 a novel species 1652:1666 a novel species 1652:1666 Thus, strain JJ-59T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus nebraskensis sp. 29056111 6 67 theme meso-diaminopimelic 902:920 arg1 spermidine 976:985 spermidine 976:985 spermidine 976:985 Chemotaxonomic characteristics such as the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and spermidine as the major polyamine were in agreement with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 6 67 theme meso-diaminopimelic 902:920 arg1 acid 922:925 meso-diaminopimelic acid 902:925 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan 902:946 Chemotaxonomic characteristics such as the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and spermidine as the major polyamine were in agreement with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 6 67 theme meso-diaminopimelic 902:920 arg1 MK-7 967:970 the major quinone MK-7 949:970 the major quinone MK-7 949:970 Chemotaxonomic characteristics such as the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and spermidine as the major polyamine were in agreement with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 4 68 theme sequence 638:645 arg1 similarities 647:658 sequence similarities 638:658 sequence similarities 638:658 For all other type strains of species of the genus Paenibacillus lower 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were obtained. 29056111 5 69 theme hybridization 683:695 arg1 values 697:702 DNA-DNA hybridization values 675:702 DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain JJ-59T to the type strains of P. aceris and P. chondroitinus 675:773 DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain JJ-59T to the type strains of P. aceris and P. chondroitinus were 26 % (reciprocal, 59 %) and 52 % (reciprocal, 59 %), respectively. 29056111 10 70 theme nebraskensis 1729:1740 arg1 sp 1742:1743 the name Paenibacillus nebraskensis sp 1706:1743 the name Paenibacillus nebraskensis sp 1706:1743 Thus, strain JJ-59T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus nebraskensis sp. 29056111 3 71 theme sequence 303:310 arg1 comparisons 323:333 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 289:333 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 289:333 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 6 72 theme Paenibacillus 1066:1078 arg1 genus 1060:1064 the genus Paenibacillus 1056:1078 the genus Paenibacillus 1056:1078 Chemotaxonomic characteristics such as the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and spermidine as the major polyamine were in agreement with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 4 73 theme genus 598:602 arg1 gene 633:636 the genus Paenibacillus lower 16S rRNA gene 594:636 the genus Paenibacillus lower 16S rRNA gene 594:636 For all other type strains of species of the genus Paenibacillus lower 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were obtained. 29056111 3 74 theme rRNA 293:296 arg1 comparisons 323:333 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 289:333 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons 289:333 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 4 75 theme lower 618:622 arg1 rRNA 628:631 lower 16S rRNA 618:631 the genus Paenibacillus lower 16S rRNA gene 594:636 For all other type strains of species of the genus Paenibacillus lower 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were obtained. 29056111 7 76 theme Strain 1081:1086 arg1 JJ-59T 1088:1093 Strain JJ-59T 1081:1093 Strain JJ-59T 1081:1093 Strain JJ-59T shared with its next related species P. aceris the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid, but the presence/absence of certain lipids was clearly distinguishable. 29056111 3 77 theme strain 336:341 arg1 JJ-59T 343:348 strain JJ-59T 336:348 strain JJ-59T 336:348 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 3 77 theme strain 336:341 arg1 member 368:373 a member 366:373 a member 366:373 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 2 78 from plant 208:212 arg1 Nebraska 225:232 Nebraska 225:232 Nebraska 225:232 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain (JJ-59T), isolated from a field-grown maize plant in Dunbar, Nebraska in 2014 was studied by a polyphasic approach. 29056111 6 79 theme quinone 959:965 arg1 MK-7 967:970 the major quinone MK-7 949:970 the major quinone MK-7 949:970 Chemotaxonomic characteristics such as the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and spermidine as the major polyamine were in agreement with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 6 79 theme quinone 959:965 arg1 acid 922:925 meso-diaminopimelic acid 902:925 meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan 902:946 Chemotaxonomic characteristics such as the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and spermidine as the major polyamine were in agreement with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 0 80 theme nebraskensis 14:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Paenibacillus nebraskensis sp 0:28 Paenibacillus nebraskensis sp. 0:29 Paenibacillus nebraskensis sp. 29056111 1 81 theme field-grown 71:81 arg1 maize 83:87 field-grown maize 71:87 field-grown maize 71:87 nov., isolated from the root surface of field-grown maize. 29056111 3 82 theme genus 382:386 arg1 JJ-59T 343:348 strain JJ-59T 336:348 strain JJ-59T 336:348 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 3 82 theme genus 382:386 arg1 member 368:373 a member 366:373 a member 366:373 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 9 83 theme Physiological 1469:1481 arg1 characteristics 1499:1513 Physiological and biochemical characteristics 1469:1513 Physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain JJ-59T 1469:1530 Physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain JJ-59T were clearly different from the most closely related species of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 8 84 theme 47.2 mol 1458:1465 arg1 G+C content 1443:1453 the genomic G+C content 1431:1453 the genomic G+C content 1431:1453 Major fatty acids of strain JJ-59T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the genomic G+C content is 47.2 mol%. 29056111 8 84 theme 47.2 mol 1458:1465 arg1 % 1466:1466 47.2 mol% 1458:1466 47.2 mol% 1458:1466 Major fatty acids of strain JJ-59T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the genomic G+C content is 47.2 mol%. 29056111 5 85 theme JJ-59T 714:719 arg1 values 697:702 DNA-DNA hybridization values 675:702 DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain JJ-59T to the type strains of P. aceris and P. chondroitinus 675:773 DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain JJ-59T to the type strains of P. aceris and P. chondroitinus were 26 % (reciprocal, 59 %) and 52 % (reciprocal, 59 %), respectively. 29056111 9 86 theme biochemical 1487:1497 arg1 characteristics 1499:1513 Physiological and biochemical characteristics 1469:1513 Physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain JJ-59T 1469:1530 Physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain JJ-59T were clearly different from the most closely related species of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 5 87 dep reciprocal 786:795 arg1 % 801:801 59 % 798:801 59 % 798:801 DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain JJ-59T to the type strains of P. aceris and P. chondroitinus were 26 % (reciprocal, 59 %) and 52 % (reciprocal, 59 %), respectively. 29056111 8 88 dep anteiso-C15  1381:1392 arg1 iso-C16  1414:1421 iso-C16  1414:1421 iso-C16  1414:1421 Major fatty acids of strain JJ-59T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the genomic G+C content is 47.2 mol%. 29056111 8 88 dep anteiso-C15  1381:1392 arg1  0 1407:1408  0 1407:1408  0 1407:1408 Major fatty acids of strain JJ-59T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the genomic G+C content is 47.2 mol%. 29056111 8 88 dep anteiso-C15  1381:1392 arg1  0 1394:1395  0 1394:1395  0 1394:1395 Major fatty acids of strain JJ-59T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the genomic G+C content is 47.2 mol%. 29056111 8 88 dep anteiso-C15  1381:1392 arg1  0 1423:1424  0 1423:1424  0 1423:1424 Major fatty acids of strain JJ-59T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the genomic G+C content is 47.2 mol%. 29056111 2 89 theme maize 202:206 arg1 plant 208:212 a field-grown maize plant 188:212 a field-grown maize plant in Dunbar, Nebraska in 2014 188:240 A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain (JJ-59T), isolated from a field-grown maize plant in Dunbar, Nebraska in 2014 was studied by a polyphasic approach. 29056111 9 90 theme JJ-59T 1525:1530 arg1 characteristics 1499:1513 Physiological and biochemical characteristics 1469:1513 Physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain JJ-59T 1469:1530 Physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain JJ-59T were clearly different from the most closely related species of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 6 91 theme major 994:998 arg1 polyamine 1000:1008 the major polyamine 990:1008 the major polyamine 990:1008 Chemotaxonomic characteristics such as the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and spermidine as the major polyamine were in agreement with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. 29056111 8 92 theme fatty 1347:1351 arg1 acids 1353:1357 Major fatty acids 1341:1357 Major fatty acids of strain JJ-59T 1341:1374 Major fatty acids of strain JJ-59T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the genomic G+C content is 47.2 mol%. 29056111 3 93 theme type 431:434 arg1 strains 436:442 the type strains 427:442 the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %) 427:550 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 29056111 10 94 theme strain 1627:1632 arg1 JJ-59T 1634:1639 strain JJ-59T 1627:1639 strain JJ-59T 1627:1639 Thus, strain JJ-59T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus nebraskensis sp. 29056111 3 95 theme 98.6  469:473 arg1 % 474:474 % 474:474 % 474:474 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-59T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus aceris (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus chondroitinus (97.8 %). 26268929 6 0 from colonies 879:886 arg1 agar 906:909 trypticase soy agar and R2A agar medium 891:929 agar 906:909 Strain DCY88T formed pink-pigmented colonies on trypticase soy agar and R2A agar medium. 26268929 6 0 from colonies 879:886 arg1 medium 924:929 trypticase soy agar and R2A agar medium 891:929 medium 924:929 Strain DCY88T formed pink-pigmented colonies on trypticase soy agar and R2A agar medium. 26268929 4 1 theme Paenibacillus 504:516 arg1 species 491:497 The other most closely related species 460:497 The other most closely related species 460:497 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 1 theme Paenibacillus 504:516 arg1 % 553:553 94.3 % 548:553 94.3 % 548:553 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 1 theme Paenibacillus 504:516 arg1 NRS-1356T 537:545 Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T 504:545 Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %) 504:554 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 9 2 theme DCY88T 1087:1092 arg1 peptidoglycan 1063:1075 The cell wall peptidoglycan 1049:1075 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY88T 1049:1092 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY88T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26268929 15 3 theme name 1687:1690 arg1 sp 1719:1720 the name Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp 1683:1720 the name Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp 1683:1720 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results indicate that the strain DCY88T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp. 26268929 6 4 theme Strain 843:848 arg1 DCY88T 850:855 Strain DCY88T 843:855 Strain DCY88T 843:855 Strain DCY88T formed pink-pigmented colonies on trypticase soy agar and R2A agar medium. 26268929 6 5 theme pink-pigmented 864:877 arg1 colonies 879:886 pink-pigmented colonies 864:886 pink-pigmented colonies on trypticase soy agar and R2A agar medium 864:929 Strain DCY88T formed pink-pigmented colonies on trypticase soy agar and R2A agar medium. 26268929 3 6 theme Phylogenetic 246:257 arg1 analysis 259:266 Phylogenetic analysis 246:266 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 246:309 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus that was closely related to Paenibacillus hordei RH-N24T (97.8 %). 26268929 7 7 theme % 1010:1010 arg1 w/v 1018:1020 w/v 1018:1020 w/v 1018:1020 Growth of strain DCY88T occurs at temperatures 5-37 °C, at pH 4-9 and 0.5-5.5 % NaCl (w/v). 26268929 7 7 theme % 1010:1010 arg1 NaCl 1012:1015 0.5-5.5 % NaCl 1002:1015 0.5-5.5 % NaCl (w/v) 1002:1021 Growth of strain DCY88T occurs at temperatures 5-37 °C, at pH 4-9 and 0.5-5.5 % NaCl (w/v). 26268929 15 8 theme novel 1631:1635 arg1 species 1637:1643 a novel species 1629:1643 a novel species 1629:1643 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results indicate that the strain DCY88T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp. 26268929 10 9 theme fatty 1140:1144 arg1 anteiso-C15  1157:1168 anteiso-C15  1157:1168 anteiso-C15  1157:1168 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (61.0 %) and C16 : 0 (11.0 %). 26268929 10 9 theme fatty 1140:1144 arg1 acids 1146:1150 The major fatty acids 1130:1150 The major fatty acids 1130:1150 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (61.0 %) and C16 : 0 (11.0 %). 26268929 11 10 theme polar 1323:1327 arg1 lipid 1329:1333 an unidentified polar lipid 1307:1333 an unidentified polar lipid 1307:1333 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified polar lipid. 26268929 4 11 theme NRRL 532:535 arg1 species 491:497 The other most closely related species 460:497 The other most closely related species 460:497 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 11 theme NRRL 532:535 arg1 % 553:553 94.3 % 548:553 94.3 % 548:553 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 11 theme NRRL 532:535 arg1 NRS-1356T 537:545 Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T 504:545 Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %) 504:554 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 17 12 theme 19886T = KCTC 1775:1787 arg1 33429T 1789:1794  = JCM 19886T = KCTC 33429T 1768:1794  = JCM 19886T = KCTC 33429T 1768:1794 The type strain is DCY88T ( = JCM 19886T = KCTC 33429T). 26268929 17 12 theme 19886T = KCTC 1775:1787 arg1 DCY88T 1760:1765 DCY88T 1760:1765 DCY88T ( = JCM 19886T = KCTC 33429T) 1760:1795 The type strain is DCY88T ( = JCM 19886T = KCTC 33429T). 26268929 9 13 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1104:1122 arg1 acid 1124:1127 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1104:1127 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1104:1127 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY88T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26268929 14 14 theme strain 1480:1485 arg1 DCY88T 1487:1492 strain DCY88T 1480:1492 strain DCY88T 1480:1492 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY88T and P. hordei RH-N24T was 48 ± 2 %. 26268929 10 15 theme major 1134:1138 arg1 anteiso-C15  1157:1168 anteiso-C15  1157:1168 anteiso-C15  1157:1168 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (61.0 %) and C16 : 0 (11.0 %). 26268929 10 15 theme major 1134:1138 arg1 acids 1146:1150 The major fatty acids 1130:1150 The major fatty acids 1130:1150 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (61.0 %) and C16 : 0 (11.0 %). 26268929 3 16 theme Paenibacillus 379:391 arg1 genus 373:377 the genus Paenibacillus 369:391 the genus Paenibacillus 369:391 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus that was closely related to Paenibacillus hordei RH-N24T (97.8 %). 26268929 4 17 theme related 483:489 arg1 species 491:497 The other most closely related species 460:497 The other most closely related species 460:497 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 17 theme related 483:489 arg1 NRS-1356T 537:545 Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T 504:545 Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %) 504:554 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 14 18 theme hybridization 1446:1458 arg1 % 1527:1527 48 ± 2 % 1520:1527 48 ± 2 % 1520:1527 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY88T and P. hordei RH-N24T was 48 ± 2 %. 26268929 14 18 theme hybridization 1446:1458 arg1 relatedness 1460:1470 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness 1434:1470 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY88T and P. hordei RH-N24T 1434:1514 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY88T and P. hordei RH-N24T was 48 ± 2 %. 26268929 4 19 theme genus 713:717 arg1 % 599:599 94.2 % 594:599 94.2 % 594:599 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 19 theme genus 713:717 arg1 8320T 629:633 Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T 603:633 Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %) 603:642 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 19 theme genus 713:717 arg1 NRS-1356T 537:545 Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T 504:545 Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %) 504:554 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 19 theme genus 713:717 arg1 Am49T 670:674 Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T 645:674 Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) 645:683 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 19 theme genus 713:717 arg1 species 491:497 The other most closely related species 460:497 The other most closely related species 460:497 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 19 theme genus 713:717 arg1 species 698:704 the type species 689:704 the type species of the genus 689:717 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 19 theme genus 713:717 arg1 % 641:641 93.9 % 636:641 93.9 % 636:641 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 19 theme genus 713:717 arg1 % 553:553 94.3 % 548:553 94.3 % 548:553 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 19 theme genus 713:717 arg1 22170T 586:591 Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T 557:591 Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %) 557:600 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 19 theme genus 713:717 arg1 842T 748:751 Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T 720:751 Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %) 720:760 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 19 theme genus 713:717 arg1 % 682:682 93.8 % 677:682 93.8 % 677:682 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 15 20 theme phylogenetic 1546:1557 arg1 results 1578:1584 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1530:1584 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1530:1584 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results indicate that the strain DCY88T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp. 26268929 14 21 theme DNA-DNA 1438:1444 arg1 hybridization 1446:1458 DNA-DNA hybridization 1438:1458 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY88T and P. hordei RH-N24T 1434:1514 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY88T and P. hordei RH-N24T was 48 ± 2 %. 26268929 1 22 theme magnolia 62:69 arg1 flowers 51:57 flowers 51:57 flowers of magnolia 51:69 nov., isolated from flowers of magnolia. 26268929 13 23 theme DNA 1403:1405 arg1 content 1411:1417 The DNA G+C content 1399:1417 The DNA G+C content 1399:1417 The DNA G+C content was 51.6 mol%. 26268929 13 23 theme DNA 1403:1405 arg1 % 1431:1431 51.6 mol% 1423:1431 51.6 mol% 1423:1431 The DNA G+C content was 51.6 mol%. 26268929 11 24 theme unidentified 1310:1321 arg1 lipid 1329:1333 an unidentified polar lipid 1307:1333 an unidentified polar lipid 1307:1333 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified polar lipid. 26268929 3 25 theme 16S 277:279 arg1 rRNA 281:284 16S rRNA 277:284 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 277:309 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus that was closely related to Paenibacillus hordei RH-N24T (97.8 %). 26268929 10 26 dep anteiso-C15  1157:1168 arg1 % 1200:1200 11.0 % 1195:1200 11.0 % 1195:1200 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (61.0 %) and C16 : 0 (11.0 %). 26268929 10 26 dep anteiso-C15  1157:1168 arg1 % 1179:1179 61.0 % 1174:1179 61.0 % 1174:1179 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (61.0 %) and C16 : 0 (11.0 %). 26268929 10 26 dep anteiso-C15  1157:1168 arg1  0 1191:1192  0 1191:1192  0 1191:1192 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (61.0 %) and C16 : 0 (11.0 %). 26268929 10 26 dep anteiso-C15  1157:1168 arg1  0 1170:1171  0 1170:1171  0 1170:1171 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (61.0 %) and C16 : 0 (11.0 %). 26268929 10 26 dep anteiso-C15  1157:1168 arg1 C16  1186:1189 C16  1186:1189 C16  1186:1189 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (61.0 %) and C16 : 0 (11.0 %). 26268929 4 27 theme Paenibacillus 720:732 arg1 842T 748:751 Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T 720:751 Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %) 720:760 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 27 theme Paenibacillus 720:732 arg1 % 759:759 93.3 % 754:759 93.3 % 754:759 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 27 theme Paenibacillus 720:732 arg1 species 698:704 the type species 689:704 the type species of the genus 689:717 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 15 28 theme kyungheensis 1706:1717 arg1 sp 1719:1720 the name Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp 1683:1720 the name Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp 1683:1720 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results indicate that the strain DCY88T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp. 26268929 6 29 theme trypticase 891:900 arg1 agar 906:909 trypticase soy agar and R2A agar medium 891:929 agar 906:909 Strain DCY88T formed pink-pigmented colonies on trypticase soy agar and R2A agar medium. 26268929 0 30 theme kyungheensis 14:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp 0:28 Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp. 0:29 Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp. 26268929 12 31 theme strain 1340:1345 arg1 DCY88T 1347:1352 The strain DCY88T 1336:1352 The strain DCY88T 1336:1352 The strain DCY88T contained spermidine as the major polyamine. 26268929 4 32 theme Paenibacillus 645:657 arg1 Am49T 670:674 Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T 645:674 Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) 645:683 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 32 theme Paenibacillus 645:657 arg1 % 682:682 93.8 % 677:682 93.8 % 677:682 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 0 33 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 27:28 Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp 0:28 Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp. 0:29 Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp. 26268929 4 34 theme Paenibacillus 557:569 arg1 22170T 586:591 Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T 557:591 Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %) 557:600 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 34 theme Paenibacillus 557:569 arg1 % 599:599 94.2 % 594:599 94.2 % 594:599 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 11 35 theme polar 1214:1218 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1232:1253 diphosphatidylglycerol 1232:1253 diphosphatidylglycerol 1232:1253 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified polar lipid. 26268929 11 35 theme polar 1214:1218 arg1 lipids 1220:1225 The major polar lipids 1204:1225 The major polar lipids 1204:1225 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified polar lipid. 26268929 4 36 theme type 693:696 arg1 species 698:704 the type species 689:704 the type species of the genus 689:717 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 36 theme type 693:696 arg1 842T 748:751 Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T 720:751 Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %) 720:760 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 15 37 theme strain 1604:1609 arg1 DCY88T 1611:1616 the strain DCY88T 1600:1616 the strain DCY88T 1600:1616 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results indicate that the strain DCY88T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp. 26268929 2 38 attach isolated 211:218 arg2 bacterium 171:179 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium 72:179 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium 72:179 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain DCY88T, was isolated from flowers of magnolia. 26268929 2 38 attach isolated 211:218 arg1 flowers 225:231 flowers 225:231 flowers of magnolia 225:243 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain DCY88T, was isolated from flowers of magnolia. 26268929 6 39 theme agar 919:922 arg1 medium 924:929 trypticase soy agar and R2A agar medium 891:929 medium 924:929 Strain DCY88T formed pink-pigmented colonies on trypticase soy agar and R2A agar medium. 26268929 3 40 theme sequence 291:298 arg1 comparison 300:309 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 277:309 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 277:309 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus that was closely related to Paenibacillus hordei RH-N24T (97.8 %). 26268929 9 41 theme cell 1053:1056 arg1 peptidoglycan 1063:1075 The cell wall peptidoglycan 1049:1075 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY88T 1049:1092 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY88T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26268929 15 42 theme Paenibacillus 1692:1704 arg1 sp 1719:1720 the name Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp 1683:1720 the name Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp 1683:1720 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results indicate that the strain DCY88T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp. 26268929 15 43 theme phenotypic 1534:1543 arg1 results 1578:1584 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1530:1584 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1530:1584 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results indicate that the strain DCY88T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp. 26268929 4 44 theme DSM 582:584 arg1 22170T 586:591 Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T 557:591 Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %) 557:600 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 44 theme DSM 582:584 arg1 % 599:599 94.2 % 594:599 94.2 % 594:599 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 45 theme polymyxa 734:741 arg1 842T 748:751 Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T 720:751 Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %) 720:760 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 45 theme polymyxa 734:741 arg1 % 759:759 93.3 % 754:759 93.3 % 754:759 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 45 theme polymyxa 734:741 arg1 species 698:704 the type species 689:704 the type species of the genus 689:717 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 12 46 contain contained 1354:1362 arg2 spermidine 1364:1373 spermidine 1364:1373 spermidine 1364:1373 The strain DCY88T contained spermidine as the major polyamine. 26268929 12 46 contain contained 1354:1362 arg1 DCY88T 1347:1352 The strain DCY88T 1336:1352 The strain DCY88T 1336:1352 The strain DCY88T contained spermidine as the major polyamine. 26268929 12 46 contain contained 1354:1362 arg2 polyamine 1388:1396 the major polyamine 1378:1396 the major polyamine 1378:1396 The strain DCY88T contained spermidine as the major polyamine. 26268929 4 47 theme DSM 625:627 arg1 8320T 629:633 Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T 603:633 Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %) 603:642 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 47 theme DSM 625:627 arg1 % 641:641 93.9 % 636:641 93.9 % 636:641 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 3 48 theme hordei 435:440 arg1 % 456:456 97.8 % 451:456 97.8 % 451:456 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus that was closely related to Paenibacillus hordei RH-N24T (97.8 %). 26268929 3 48 theme hordei 435:440 arg1 RH-N24T 442:448 Paenibacillus hordei RH-N24T 421:448 Paenibacillus hordei RH-N24T (97.8 %) 421:457 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus that was closely related to Paenibacillus hordei RH-N24T (97.8 %). 26268929 4 49 theme hunanensis 571:580 arg1 22170T 586:591 Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T 557:591 Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %) 557:600 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 49 theme hunanensis 571:580 arg1 % 599:599 94.2 % 594:599 94.2 % 594:599 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 3 50 theme rRNA 281:284 arg1 comparison 300:309 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 277:309 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 277:309 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus that was closely related to Paenibacillus hordei RH-N24T (97.8 %). 26268929 14 51 dep P. 1498:1499 arg1 hordei 1501:1506 hordei 1501:1506 hordei 1501:1506 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY88T and P. hordei RH-N24T was 48 ± 2 %. 26268929 15 52 theme Paenibacillus 1658:1670 arg1 genus 1652:1656 the genus Paenibacillus 1648:1670 the genus Paenibacillus 1648:1670 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results indicate that the strain DCY88T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp. 26268929 5 53 theme strain 776:781 arg1 Cells 763:767 Cells 763:767 Cells of the strain 763:781 Cells of the strain were endospore-forming and motile by peritrichous flagella. 26268929 6 54 theme R2A 915:917 arg1 medium 924:929 trypticase soy agar and R2A agar medium 891:929 medium 924:929 Strain DCY88T formed pink-pigmented colonies on trypticase soy agar and R2A agar medium. 26268929 3 55 theme gene 286:289 arg1 comparison 300:309 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 277:309 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison 277:309 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus that was closely related to Paenibacillus hordei RH-N24T (97.8 %). 26268929 2 56 theme strain 192:197 arg1 DCY88T 199:204 strain DCY88T 192:204 strain DCY88T 192:204 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain DCY88T, was isolated from flowers of magnolia. 26268929 6 57 theme soy 902:904 arg1 agar 906:909 trypticase soy agar and R2A agar medium 891:929 agar 906:909 Strain DCY88T formed pink-pigmented colonies on trypticase soy agar and R2A agar medium. 26268929 17 58 theme type 1745:1748 arg1 strain 1750:1755 The type strain 1741:1755 The type strain 1741:1755 The type strain is DCY88T ( = JCM 19886T = KCTC 33429T). 26268929 17 58 theme type 1745:1748 arg1 DCY88T 1760:1765 DCY88T 1760:1765 DCY88T ( = JCM 19886T = KCTC 33429T) 1760:1795 The type strain is DCY88T ( = JCM 19886T = KCTC 33429T). 26268929 4 59 theme other 464:468 arg1 species 491:497 The other most closely related species 460:497 The other most closely related species 460:497 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 59 theme other 464:468 arg1 NRS-1356T 537:545 Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T 504:545 Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %) 504:554 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 2 60 theme magnolia 236:243 arg1 flowers 225:231 flowers 225:231 flowers of magnolia 225:243 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain DCY88T, was isolated from flowers of magnolia. 26268929 15 61 theme chemotaxonomic 1563:1576 arg1 results 1578:1584 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1530:1584 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results 1530:1584 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results indicate that the strain DCY88T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp. 26268929 7 62 theme 0.5-5.5  1002:1009 arg1 w/v 1018:1020 w/v 1018:1020 w/v 1018:1020 Growth of strain DCY88T occurs at temperatures 5-37 °C, at pH 4-9 and 0.5-5.5 % NaCl (w/v). 26268929 7 62 theme 0.5-5.5  1002:1009 arg1 NaCl 1012:1015 0.5-5.5 % NaCl 1002:1015 0.5-5.5 % NaCl (w/v) 1002:1021 Growth of strain DCY88T occurs at temperatures 5-37 °C, at pH 4-9 and 0.5-5.5 % NaCl (w/v). 26268929 3 63 theme Paenibacillus 421:433 arg1 % 456:456 97.8 % 451:456 97.8 % 451:456 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus that was closely related to Paenibacillus hordei RH-N24T (97.8 %). 26268929 3 63 theme Paenibacillus 421:433 arg1 RH-N24T 442:448 Paenibacillus hordei RH-N24T 421:448 Paenibacillus hordei RH-N24T (97.8 %) 421:457 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus that was closely related to Paenibacillus hordei RH-N24T (97.8 %). 26268929 2 64 theme Gram-staining-positive 74:95 arg1 bacterium 171:179 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium 72:179 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium 72:179 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain DCY88T, was isolated from flowers of magnolia. 26268929 2 65 dep Gram-staining-positive 74:95 arg1 rod-shaped 160:169 rod-shaped 160:169 rod-shaped 160:169 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain DCY88T, was isolated from flowers of magnolia. 26268929 2 65 dep Gram-staining-positive 74:95 arg1 oxidase-negative 117:132 oxidase-negative 117:132 oxidase-negative 117:132 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain DCY88T, was isolated from flowers of magnolia. 26268929 2 65 dep Gram-staining-positive 74:95 arg1 anaerobic 149:157 anaerobic 149:157 anaerobic 149:157 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain DCY88T, was isolated from flowers of magnolia. 26268929 2 65 dep Gram-staining-positive 74:95 arg1 catalase-positive 98:114 catalase-positive 98:114 catalase-positive 98:114 A Gram-staining-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain DCY88T, was isolated from flowers of magnolia. 26268929 7 66 theme DCY88T 949:954 arg1 Growth 932:937 Growth 932:937 Growth of strain DCY88T 932:954 Growth of strain DCY88T occurs at temperatures 5-37 °C, at pH 4-9 and 0.5-5.5 % NaCl (w/v). 26268929 12 67 theme major 1382:1386 arg1 spermidine 1364:1373 spermidine 1364:1373 spermidine 1364:1373 The strain DCY88T contained spermidine as the major polyamine. 26268929 12 67 theme major 1382:1386 arg1 polyamine 1388:1396 the major polyamine 1378:1396 the major polyamine 1378:1396 The strain DCY88T contained spermidine as the major polyamine. 26268929 13 68 theme 51.6 mol 1423:1430 arg1 content 1411:1417 The DNA G+C content 1399:1417 The DNA G+C content 1399:1417 The DNA G+C content was 51.6 mol%. 26268929 13 68 theme 51.6 mol 1423:1430 arg1 % 1431:1431 51.6 mol% 1423:1431 51.6 mol% 1423:1431 The DNA G+C content was 51.6 mol%. 26268929 9 69 theme wall 1058:1061 arg1 peptidoglycan 1063:1075 The cell wall peptidoglycan 1049:1075 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY88T 1049:1092 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY88T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26268929 17 70 theme  = JCM 1768:1773 arg1 33429T 1789:1794  = JCM 19886T = KCTC 33429T 1768:1794  = JCM 19886T = KCTC 33429T 1768:1794 The type strain is DCY88T ( = JCM 19886T = KCTC 33429T). 26268929 17 70 theme  = JCM 1768:1773 arg1 DCY88T 1760:1765 DCY88T 1760:1765 DCY88T ( = JCM 19886T = KCTC 33429T) 1760:1795 The type strain is DCY88T ( = JCM 19886T = KCTC 33429T). 26268929 11 71 theme major 1208:1212 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1232:1253 diphosphatidylglycerol 1232:1253 diphosphatidylglycerol 1232:1253 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified polar lipid. 26268929 11 71 theme major 1208:1212 arg1 lipids 1220:1225 The major polar lipids 1204:1225 The major polar lipids 1204:1225 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified polar lipid. 26268929 4 72 theme ATCC 743:746 arg1 842T 748:751 Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T 720:751 Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %) 720:760 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 72 theme ATCC 743:746 arg1 % 759:759 93.3 % 754:759 93.3 % 754:759 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 72 theme ATCC 743:746 arg1 species 698:704 the type species 689:704 the type species of the genus 689:717 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 14 73 theme P. 1498:1499 arg1 RH-N24T 1508:1514 P. hordei RH-N24T 1498:1514 P. hordei RH-N24T 1498:1514 The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain DCY88T and P. hordei RH-N24T was 48 ± 2 %. 26268929 15 74 theme genus 1652:1656 arg1 species 1637:1643 a novel species 1629:1643 a novel species 1629:1643 The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results indicate that the strain DCY88T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus kyungheensis sp. 26268929 3 75 theme distinct 345:352 arg1 lineage 354:360 a distinct lineage 343:360 a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus that was closely related to Paenibacillus hordei RH-N24T (97.8 %) 343:457 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus that was closely related to Paenibacillus hordei RH-N24T (97.8 %). 26268929 3 75 theme distinct 345:352 arg1 related 410:416 related 410:416 related 410:416 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Paenibacillus that was closely related to Paenibacillus hordei RH-N24T (97.8 %). 26268929 7 76 theme strain 942:947 arg1 DCY88T 949:954 strain DCY88T 942:954 strain DCY88T 942:954 Growth of strain DCY88T occurs at temperatures 5-37 °C, at pH 4-9 and 0.5-5.5 % NaCl (w/v). 26268929 5 77 theme peritrichous 820:831 arg1 flagella 833:840 peritrichous flagella 820:840 peritrichous flagella 820:840 Cells of the strain were endospore-forming and motile by peritrichous flagella. 26268929 13 78 theme G+C 1407:1409 arg1 content 1411:1417 The DNA G+C content 1399:1417 The DNA G+C content 1399:1417 The DNA G+C content was 51.6 mol%. 26268929 13 78 theme G+C 1407:1409 arg1 % 1431:1431 51.6 mol% 1423:1431 51.6 mol% 1423:1431 The DNA G+C content was 51.6 mol%. 26268929 4 79 theme peoriae 617:623 arg1 8320T 629:633 Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T 603:633 Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %) 603:642 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 79 theme peoriae 617:623 arg1 % 641:641 93.9 % 636:641 93.9 % 636:641 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 80 theme illinoisensis 518:530 arg1 species 491:497 The other most closely related species 460:497 The other most closely related species 460:497 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 80 theme illinoisensis 518:530 arg1 % 553:553 94.3 % 548:553 94.3 % 548:553 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 80 theme illinoisensis 518:530 arg1 NRS-1356T 537:545 Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T 504:545 Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %) 504:554 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 9 81 contain contained 1094:1102 arg1 peptidoglycan 1063:1075 The cell wall peptidoglycan 1049:1075 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY88T 1049:1092 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY88T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26268929 9 81 contain contained 1094:1102 arg2 acid 1124:1127 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1104:1127 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1104:1127 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY88T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26268929 9 82 theme strain 1080:1085 arg1 DCY88T 1087:1092 strain DCY88T 1080:1092 strain DCY88T 1080:1092 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain DCY88T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26268929 4 83 theme kribbensis 659:668 arg1 Am49T 670:674 Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T 645:674 Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) 645:683 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 83 theme kribbensis 659:668 arg1 % 682:682 93.8 % 677:682 93.8 % 677:682 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 84 theme Paenibacillus 603:615 arg1 8320T 629:633 Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T 603:633 Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %) 603:642 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 26268929 4 84 theme Paenibacillus 603:615 arg1 % 641:641 93.9 % 636:641 93.9 % 636:641 The other most closely related species were Paenibacillus illinoisensis NRRL NRS-1356T (94.3 %), Paenibacillus hunanensis DSM 22170T (94.2 %), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM 8320T (93.9 %), Paenibacillus kribbensis Am49T (93.8 %) and the type species of the genus, Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (93.3 %). 24344140 6 0 theme immunofluorescence 1186:1203 arg1 microscopy 1205:1214 immunofluorescence microscopy 1186:1214 immunofluorescence microscopy 1186:1214 Spatial patterns of gene expression and protein accumulation were determined by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. 24344140 11 1 theme nitrogen 2049:2056 arg1 availability 2058:2069 higher nitrogen availability 2042:2069 higher nitrogen availability 2042:2069 Their spatial distribution is also affected by nitrogen supply, being most highly concentrated in the sub-aleurone cells of the starchy endosperm under higher nitrogen availability. 24344140 11 2 theme higher 2042:2047 arg1 availability 2058:2069 higher nitrogen availability 2042:2069 higher nitrogen availability 2042:2069 Their spatial distribution is also affected by nitrogen supply, being most highly concentrated in the sub-aleurone cells of the starchy endosperm under higher nitrogen availability. 24344140 4 3 theme wheat 824:828 arg1 cultivars 850:858 six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars 812:858 six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars 812:858 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 3 4 theme ω-gliadins 525:534 arg1 synthesis 497:505 synthesis 497:505 synthesis 497:505 This study therefore compares the effects of cultivar and nitrogen availability on the synthesis and deposition of ω-gliadins in wheat grown under field conditions in the UK, including temporal and spatial analyses at the protein and transcript levels. 24344140 3 4 theme ω-gliadins 525:534 arg1 deposition 511:520 deposition 511:520 deposition 511:520 This study therefore compares the effects of cultivar and nitrogen availability on the synthesis and deposition of ω-gliadins in wheat grown under field conditions in the UK, including temporal and spatial analyses at the protein and transcript levels. 24344140 5 5 from Changes 966:972 arg1 expression 982:991 gene expression 977:991 gene expression 977:991 Changes in gene expression during development were determined using real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). 24344140 6 6 theme in 1160:1161 arg1 hybridization 1168:1180 in situ hybridization 1160:1180 in situ hybridization 1160:1180 Spatial patterns of gene expression and protein accumulation were determined by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. 24344140 6 7 dep in 1160:1161 arg1 situ 1163:1166 situ 1163:1166 situ 1163:1166 Spatial patterns of gene expression and protein accumulation were determined by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. 24344140 9 8 theme starchy 1721:1727 arg1 endosperm 1729:1737 the starchy endosperm 1717:1737 the starchy endosperm 1717:1737 Nitrogen supply also affected the spatial patterns of ω-gliadin synthesis and deposition, which were differentially increased in the outer layers of the starchy endosperm with high levels of nitrogen. 24344140 6 9 theme Spatial 1080:1086 arg1 patterns 1088:1095 Spatial patterns 1080:1095 Spatial patterns of gene expression and protein accumulation 1080:1139 Spatial patterns of gene expression and protein accumulation were determined by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. 24344140 11 10 theme sub-aleurone 1992:2003 arg1 cells 2005:2009 the sub-aleurone cells 1988:2009 the sub-aleurone cells of the starchy endosperm under higher nitrogen availability 1988:2069 Their spatial distribution is also affected by nitrogen supply, being most highly concentrated in the sub-aleurone cells of the starchy endosperm under higher nitrogen availability. 24344140 4 11 theme accumulation 870:881 arg1 grain 803:807 mature grain 796:807 mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply 796:963 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 7 12 theme polymeric 1376:1384 arg1 fractions 1397:1405 polymeric 'glutenin' fractions 1376:1405 polymeric 'glutenin' fractions 1376:1405 KEY RESULTS Two patterns of ω-gliadins were identified in the six cultivars, including both monomeric 'gliadin' proteins and subunits present in polymeric 'glutenin' fractions. 24344140 4 13 from grain 803:807 arg1 patterns 760:767 the patterns 756:767 the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply 756:963 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 9 14 theme nitrogen 1759:1766 arg1 levels 1749:1754 high levels 1744:1754 high levels of nitrogen 1744:1766 Nitrogen supply also affected the spatial patterns of ω-gliadin synthesis and deposition, which were differentially increased in the outer layers of the starchy endosperm with high levels of nitrogen. 24344140 7 15 theme present 1365:1371 arg1 proteins 1343:1350 both monomeric 'gliadin' proteins 1318:1350 both monomeric 'gliadin' proteins 1318:1350 KEY RESULTS Two patterns of ω-gliadins were identified in the six cultivars, including both monomeric 'gliadin' proteins and subunits present in polymeric 'glutenin' fractions. 24344140 4 16 theme amino 713:717 arg1 METHODS 663:669 METHODS 663:669 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing 663:733 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 4 16 theme amino 713:717 arg1 sequencing 724:733 N-terminal amino acid sequencing 702:733 N-terminal amino acid sequencing 702:733 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 5 17 theme reverse 1044:1050 arg1 RT-PCR 1071:1076 RT-PCR 1071:1076 RT-PCR 1071:1076 Changes in gene expression during development were determined using real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). 24344140 5 17 theme reverse 1044:1050 arg1 transcription-PCR 1052:1068 real-time reverse transcription-PCR 1034:1068 real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) 1034:1077 Changes in gene expression during development were determined using real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). 24344140 3 18 theme spatial 608:614 arg1 analyses 616:623 temporal and spatial analyses 595:623 temporal and spatial analyses 595:623 This study therefore compares the effects of cultivar and nitrogen availability on the synthesis and deposition of ω-gliadins in wheat grown under field conditions in the UK, including temporal and spatial analyses at the protein and transcript levels. 24344140 1 19 theme ω-gliadin 114:122 arg1 proteins 132:139 The ω-gliadin storage proteins 110:139 The ω-gliadin storage proteins of wheat 110:148 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ω-gliadin storage proteins of wheat are of interest in relation to their impact on grain processing properties and their role in food allergy, particularly the ω-5 sub-group and wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. 24344140 4 20 theme nitrogen 949:956 arg1 supply 958:963 varying nitrogen supply 941:963 varying nitrogen supply 941:963 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 1 21 theme wheat-dependent 292:306 arg1 anaphylaxis 325:335 wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis 292:335 wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis 292:335 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ω-gliadin storage proteins of wheat are of interest in relation to their impact on grain processing properties and their role in food allergy, particularly the ω-5 sub-group and wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. 24344140 3 22 theme temporal 595:602 arg1 analyses 616:623 temporal and spatial analyses 595:623 temporal and spatial analyses 595:623 This study therefore compares the effects of cultivar and nitrogen availability on the synthesis and deposition of ω-gliadins in wheat grown under field conditions in the UK, including temporal and spatial analyses at the protein and transcript levels. 24344140 8 23 theme ω-gliadin 1503:1511 arg1 transcripts 1513:1523 ω-gliadin transcripts 1503:1523 ω-gliadin transcripts 1503:1523 Increasing the level of nitrogen fertilizer in field plots resulted in increased expression of ω-gliadin transcripts and increased proportions of ω-5 gliadins. 24344140 4 24 theme western 681:687 arg1 METHODS 663:669 METHODS 663:669 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing 663:733 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 4 24 theme western 681:687 arg1 blotting 689:696 western blotting 681:696 western blotting 681:696 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 3 25 from ω-gliadins 525:534 arg1 wheat 539:543 wheat 539:543 wheat grown under field conditions in the UK 539:582 This study therefore compares the effects of cultivar and nitrogen availability on the synthesis and deposition of ω-gliadins in wheat grown under field conditions in the UK, including temporal and spatial analyses at the protein and transcript levels. 24344140 4 26 from patterns 760:767 arg1 grain 803:807 mature grain 796:807 mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply 796:963 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 1 27 theme wheat 144:148 arg1 proteins 132:139 The ω-gliadin storage proteins 110:139 The ω-gliadin storage proteins of wheat 110:148 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ω-gliadin storage proteins of wheat are of interest in relation to their impact on grain processing properties and their role in food allergy, particularly the ω-5 sub-group and wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. 24344140 4 28 theme field 924:928 arg1 plots 930:934 field plots 924:934 field plots with varying nitrogen supply 924:963 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 0 29 from Effects 0:6 arg1 deposition 51:60 deposition 51:60 deposition 51:60 Effects of nitrogen nutrition on the synthesis and deposition of the ω-gliadins of wheat. 24344140 0 29 from Effects 0:6 arg1 synthesis 37:45 synthesis 37:45 synthesis 37:45 Effects of nitrogen nutrition on the synthesis and deposition of the ω-gliadins of wheat. 24344140 3 30 from wheat 539:543 arg1 synthesis 497:505 synthesis 497:505 synthesis 497:505 This study therefore compares the effects of cultivar and nitrogen availability on the synthesis and deposition of ω-gliadins in wheat grown under field conditions in the UK, including temporal and spatial analyses at the protein and transcript levels. 24344140 3 30 from wheat 539:543 arg1 deposition 511:520 deposition 511:520 deposition 511:520 This study therefore compares the effects of cultivar and nitrogen availability on the synthesis and deposition of ω-gliadins in wheat grown under field conditions in the UK, including temporal and spatial analyses at the protein and transcript levels. 24344140 9 31 theme Nitrogen 1568:1575 arg1 supply 1577:1582 Nitrogen supply 1568:1582 Nitrogen supply 1568:1582 Nitrogen supply also affected the spatial patterns of ω-gliadin synthesis and deposition, which were differentially increased in the outer layers of the starchy endosperm with high levels of nitrogen. 24344140 11 32 theme nitrogen 1937:1944 arg1 supply 1946:1951 nitrogen supply 1937:1951 nitrogen supply 1937:1951 Their spatial distribution is also affected by nitrogen supply, being most highly concentrated in the sub-aleurone cells of the starchy endosperm under higher nitrogen availability. 24344140 4 33 dep METHODS 663:669 arg1 METHODS 663:669 METHODS 663:669 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing 663:733 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 4 33 dep METHODS 663:669 arg1 SDS-PAGE 671:678 SDS-PAGE 671:678 SDS-PAGE 671:678 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 4 33 dep METHODS 663:669 arg1 blotting 689:696 western blotting 681:696 western blotting 681:696 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 4 33 dep METHODS 663:669 arg1 sequencing 724:733 N-terminal amino acid sequencing 702:733 N-terminal amino acid sequencing 702:733 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 8 34 theme ω-5 1554:1556 arg1 gliadins 1558:1565 ω-5 gliadins 1554:1565 ω-5 gliadins 1554:1565 Increasing the level of nitrogen fertilizer in field plots resulted in increased expression of ω-gliadin transcripts and increased proportions of ω-5 gliadins. 24344140 1 35 theme food 243:246 arg1 allergy 248:254 food allergy 243:254 food allergy 243:254 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ω-gliadin storage proteins of wheat are of interest in relation to their impact on grain processing properties and their role in food allergy, particularly the ω-5 sub-group and wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. 24344140 3 36 dep synthesis 497:505 arg1 the 493:495 the 493:495 the 493:495 This study therefore compares the effects of cultivar and nitrogen availability on the synthesis and deposition of ω-gliadins in wheat grown under field conditions in the UK, including temporal and spatial analyses at the protein and transcript levels. 24344140 0 37 theme nitrogen 11:18 arg1 nutrition 20:28 nitrogen nutrition 11:28 nitrogen nutrition 11:28 Effects of nitrogen nutrition on the synthesis and deposition of the ω-gliadins of wheat. 24344140 11 38 theme endosperm 2026:2034 arg1 cells 2005:2009 the sub-aleurone cells 1988:2009 the sub-aleurone cells of the starchy endosperm under higher nitrogen availability 1988:2069 Their spatial distribution is also affected by nitrogen supply, being most highly concentrated in the sub-aleurone cells of the starchy endosperm under higher nitrogen availability. 24344140 7 39 theme monomeric 1323:1331 arg1 proteins 1343:1350 both monomeric 'gliadin' proteins 1318:1350 both monomeric 'gliadin' proteins 1318:1350 KEY RESULTS Two patterns of ω-gliadins were identified in the six cultivars, including both monomeric 'gliadin' proteins and subunits present in polymeric 'glutenin' fractions. 24344140 3 40 theme protein 632:638 arg1 levels 655:660 the protein and transcript levels 628:660 levels 655:660 This study therefore compares the effects of cultivar and nitrogen availability on the synthesis and deposition of ω-gliadins in wheat grown under field conditions in the UK, including temporal and spatial analyses at the protein and transcript levels. 24344140 2 41 theme nitrogen 388:395 arg1 application 397:407 nitrogen application 388:407 nitrogen application 388:407 The ω-gliadins are also known to be responsive to nitrogen application. 24344140 9 42 theme ω-gliadin 1622:1630 arg1 synthesis 1632:1640 ω-gliadin synthesis 1622:1640 ω-gliadin synthesis 1622:1640 Nitrogen supply also affected the spatial patterns of ω-gliadin synthesis and deposition, which were differentially increased in the outer layers of the starchy endosperm with high levels of nitrogen. 24344140 10 43 theme nitrogen 1873:1880 arg1 supply 1882:1887 nitrogen supply 1873:1887 nitrogen supply 1873:1887 CONCLUSIONS Wheat ω-gliadins vary in amount and composition between cultivars, and in their response to nitrogen supply. 24344140 3 44 from effects 444:450 arg1 synthesis 497:505 synthesis 497:505 synthesis 497:505 This study therefore compares the effects of cultivar and nitrogen availability on the synthesis and deposition of ω-gliadins in wheat grown under field conditions in the UK, including temporal and spatial analyses at the protein and transcript levels. 24344140 3 44 from effects 444:450 arg1 deposition 511:520 deposition 511:520 deposition 511:520 This study therefore compares the effects of cultivar and nitrogen availability on the synthesis and deposition of ω-gliadins in wheat grown under field conditions in the UK, including temporal and spatial analyses at the protein and transcript levels. 24344140 3 45 theme availability 477:488 arg1 effects 444:450 the effects 440:450 the effects of cultivar and nitrogen availability on the synthesis and deposition of ω-gliadins in wheat grown under field conditions in the UK 440:582 This study therefore compares the effects of cultivar and nitrogen availability on the synthesis and deposition of ω-gliadins in wheat grown under field conditions in the UK, including temporal and spatial analyses at the protein and transcript levels. 24344140 6 46 theme protein 1120:1126 arg1 accumulation 1128:1139 protein accumulation 1120:1139 protein accumulation 1120:1139 Spatial patterns of gene expression and protein accumulation were determined by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. 24344140 4 47 theme ω-gliadin 772:780 arg1 components 782:791 ω-gliadin components 772:791 ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply 772:963 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 0 48 dep synthesis 37:45 arg1 the 33:35 the 33:35 the 33:35 Effects of nitrogen nutrition on the synthesis and deposition of the ω-gliadins of wheat. 24344140 10 49 theme CONCLUSIONS 1769:1779 arg1 ω-gliadins 1787:1796 CONCLUSIONS Wheat ω-gliadins 1769:1796 CONCLUSIONS Wheat ω-gliadins 1769:1796 CONCLUSIONS Wheat ω-gliadins vary in amount and composition between cultivars, and in their response to nitrogen supply. 24344140 6 50 theme expression 1105:1114 arg1 patterns 1088:1095 Spatial patterns 1080:1095 Spatial patterns of gene expression and protein accumulation 1080:1139 Spatial patterns of gene expression and protein accumulation were determined by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. 24344140 3 51 theme transcript 644:653 arg1 levels 655:660 the protein and transcript levels 628:660 levels 655:660 This study therefore compares the effects of cultivar and nitrogen availability on the synthesis and deposition of ω-gliadins in wheat grown under field conditions in the UK, including temporal and spatial analyses at the protein and transcript levels. 24344140 8 52 theme fertilizer 1441:1450 arg1 level 1423:1427 the level 1419:1427 the level of nitrogen fertilizer 1419:1450 Increasing the level of nitrogen fertilizer in field plots resulted in increased expression of ω-gliadin transcripts and increased proportions of ω-5 gliadins. 24344140 1 53 theme processing 203:212 arg1 properties 214:223 grain processing properties 197:223 grain processing properties 197:223 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ω-gliadin storage proteins of wheat are of interest in relation to their impact on grain processing properties and their role in food allergy, particularly the ω-5 sub-group and wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. 24344140 7 54 theme KEY 1231:1233 arg1 RESULTS 1235:1241 KEY RESULTS 1231:1241 KEY RESULTS Two patterns of ω-gliadins were identified in the six cultivars, including both monomeric 'gliadin' proteins and subunits present in polymeric 'glutenin' fractions. 1231:1406 KEY RESULTS Two patterns of ω-gliadins were identified in the six cultivars, including both monomeric 'gliadin' proteins and subunits present in polymeric 'glutenin' fractions. 24344140 11 55 theme spatial 1896:1902 arg1 distribution 1904:1915 Their spatial distribution 1890:1915 Their spatial distribution 1890:1915 Their spatial distribution is also affected by nitrogen supply, being most highly concentrated in the sub-aleurone cells of the starchy endosperm under higher nitrogen availability. 24344140 4 56 used used 740:743 arg2 sequencing 724:733 N-terminal amino acid sequencing 702:733 N-terminal amino acid sequencing 702:733 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 4 56 used used 740:743 arg2 METHODS 663:669 METHODS 663:669 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing 663:733 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 4 56 used used 740:743 arg2 blotting 689:696 western blotting 681:696 western blotting 681:696 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 4 56 used used 740:743 arg2 SDS-PAGE 671:678 SDS-PAGE 671:678 SDS-PAGE 671:678 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 7 57 theme ω-gliadins 1259:1268 arg1 patterns 1247:1254 Two patterns 1243:1254 Two patterns of ω-gliadins 1243:1268 KEY RESULTS Two patterns of ω-gliadins were identified in the six cultivars, including both monomeric 'gliadin' proteins and subunits present in polymeric 'glutenin' fractions. 24344140 3 58 from synthesis 497:505 arg1 wheat 539:543 wheat 539:543 wheat grown under field conditions in the UK 539:582 This study therefore compares the effects of cultivar and nitrogen availability on the synthesis and deposition of ω-gliadins in wheat grown under field conditions in the UK, including temporal and spatial analyses at the protein and transcript levels. 24344140 9 59 theme outer 1701:1705 arg1 layers 1707:1712 the outer layers 1697:1712 the outer layers of the starchy endosperm 1697:1737 Nitrogen supply also affected the spatial patterns of ω-gliadin synthesis and deposition, which were differentially increased in the outer layers of the starchy endosperm with high levels of nitrogen. 24344140 4 60 theme cultivars 850:858 arg1 grain 803:807 mature grain 796:807 mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply 796:963 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 3 61 from deposition 511:520 arg1 wheat 539:543 wheat 539:543 wheat grown under field conditions in the UK 539:582 This study therefore compares the effects of cultivar and nitrogen availability on the synthesis and deposition of ω-gliadins in wheat grown under field conditions in the UK, including temporal and spatial analyses at the protein and transcript levels. 24344140 10 62 theme Wheat 1781:1785 arg1 ω-gliadins 1787:1796 CONCLUSIONS Wheat ω-gliadins 1769:1796 CONCLUSIONS Wheat ω-gliadins 1769:1796 CONCLUSIONS Wheat ω-gliadins vary in amount and composition between cultivars, and in their response to nitrogen supply. 24344140 4 63 theme British 816:822 arg1 cultivars 850:858 six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars 812:858 six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars 812:858 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 3 64 theme field 557:561 arg1 conditions 563:572 field conditions 557:572 field conditions 557:572 This study therefore compares the effects of cultivar and nitrogen availability on the synthesis and deposition of ω-gliadins in wheat grown under field conditions in the UK, including temporal and spatial analyses at the protein and transcript levels. 24344140 1 65 from role 235:238 arg1 properties 214:223 grain processing properties 197:223 grain processing properties 197:223 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ω-gliadin storage proteins of wheat are of interest in relation to their impact on grain processing properties and their role in food allergy, particularly the ω-5 sub-group and wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. 24344140 1 65 from role 235:238 arg1 allergy 248:254 food allergy 243:254 food allergy 243:254 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ω-gliadin storage proteins of wheat are of interest in relation to their impact on grain processing properties and their role in food allergy, particularly the ω-5 sub-group and wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. 24344140 9 66 theme endosperm 1729:1737 arg1 layers 1707:1712 the outer layers 1697:1712 the outer layers of the starchy endosperm 1697:1737 Nitrogen supply also affected the spatial patterns of ω-gliadin synthesis and deposition, which were differentially increased in the outer layers of the starchy endosperm with high levels of nitrogen. 24344140 8 67 theme field 1455:1459 arg1 plots 1461:1465 field plots 1455:1465 field plots 1455:1465 Increasing the level of nitrogen fertilizer in field plots resulted in increased expression of ω-gliadin transcripts and increased proportions of ω-5 gliadins. 24344140 4 68 theme grain 909:913 arg1 development 894:904 the development 890:904 the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply 890:963 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 1 69 from impact 187:192 arg1 properties 214:223 grain processing properties 197:223 grain processing properties 197:223 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ω-gliadin storage proteins of wheat are of interest in relation to their impact on grain processing properties and their role in food allergy, particularly the ω-5 sub-group and wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. 24344140 1 69 from impact 187:192 arg1 allergy 248:254 food allergy 243:254 food allergy 243:254 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ω-gliadin storage proteins of wheat are of interest in relation to their impact on grain processing properties and their role in food allergy, particularly the ω-5 sub-group and wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. 24344140 8 70 theme increased 1479:1487 arg1 expression 1489:1498 increased expression 1479:1498 increased expression of ω-gliadin transcripts 1479:1523 Increasing the level of nitrogen fertilizer in field plots resulted in increased expression of ω-gliadin transcripts and increased proportions of ω-5 gliadins. 24344140 5 71 theme real-time 1034:1042 arg1 RT-PCR 1071:1076 RT-PCR 1071:1076 RT-PCR 1071:1076 Changes in gene expression during development were determined using real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). 24344140 5 71 theme real-time 1034:1042 arg1 transcription-PCR 1052:1068 real-time reverse transcription-PCR 1034:1068 real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) 1034:1077 Changes in gene expression during development were determined using real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). 24344140 4 72 theme N-terminal 702:711 arg1 METHODS 663:669 METHODS 663:669 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing 663:733 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 4 72 theme N-terminal 702:711 arg1 sequencing 724:733 N-terminal amino acid sequencing 702:733 N-terminal amino acid sequencing 702:733 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 4 73 from components 782:791 arg1 grain 803:807 mature grain 796:807 mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply 796:963 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 1 74 theme storage 124:130 arg1 proteins 132:139 The ω-gliadin storage proteins 110:139 The ω-gliadin storage proteins of wheat 110:148 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ω-gliadin storage proteins of wheat are of interest in relation to their impact on grain processing properties and their role in food allergy, particularly the ω-5 sub-group and wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. 24344140 4 75 theme varying 941:947 arg1 supply 958:963 varying nitrogen supply 941:963 varying nitrogen supply 941:963 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 8 76 theme transcripts 1513:1523 arg1 expression 1489:1498 increased expression 1479:1498 increased expression of ω-gliadin transcripts 1479:1523 Increasing the level of nitrogen fertilizer in field plots resulted in increased expression of ω-gliadin transcripts and increased proportions of ω-5 gliadins. 24344140 8 76 theme transcripts 1513:1523 arg1 proportions 1539:1549 increased proportions 1529:1549 increased proportions of ω-5 gliadins 1529:1565 Increasing the level of nitrogen fertilizer in field plots resulted in increased expression of ω-gliadin transcripts and increased proportions of ω-5 gliadins. 24344140 1 77 dep BACKGROUND 90:99 arg1 interest 157:164 interest 157:164 interest 157:164 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ω-gliadin storage proteins of wheat are of interest in relation to their impact on grain processing properties and their role in food allergy, particularly the ω-5 sub-group and wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. 24344140 0 78 theme ω-gliadins 69:78 arg1 deposition 51:60 deposition 51:60 deposition 51:60 Effects of nitrogen nutrition on the synthesis and deposition of the ω-gliadins of wheat. 24344140 0 78 theme ω-gliadins 69:78 arg1 synthesis 37:45 synthesis 37:45 synthesis 37:45 Effects of nitrogen nutrition on the synthesis and deposition of the ω-gliadins of wheat. 24344140 1 79 theme exercise-induced 308:323 arg1 anaphylaxis 325:335 wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis 292:335 wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis 292:335 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ω-gliadin storage proteins of wheat are of interest in relation to their impact on grain processing properties and their role in food allergy, particularly the ω-5 sub-group and wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. 24344140 8 80 theme increased 1529:1537 arg1 proportions 1539:1549 increased proportions 1529:1549 increased proportions of ω-5 gliadins 1529:1565 Increasing the level of nitrogen fertilizer in field plots resulted in increased expression of ω-gliadin transcripts and increased proportions of ω-5 gliadins. 24344140 0 81 theme wheat 83:87 arg1 ω-gliadins 69:78 the ω-gliadins 65:78 the ω-gliadins of wheat 65:87 Effects of nitrogen nutrition on the synthesis and deposition of the ω-gliadins of wheat. 24344140 8 82 theme gliadins 1558:1565 arg1 expression 1489:1498 increased expression 1479:1498 increased expression of ω-gliadin transcripts 1479:1523 Increasing the level of nitrogen fertilizer in field plots resulted in increased expression of ω-gliadin transcripts and increased proportions of ω-5 gliadins. 24344140 8 82 theme gliadins 1558:1565 arg1 proportions 1539:1549 increased proportions 1529:1549 increased proportions of ω-5 gliadins 1529:1565 Increasing the level of nitrogen fertilizer in field plots resulted in increased expression of ω-gliadin transcripts and increased proportions of ω-5 gliadins. 24344140 4 83 dep Triticum 831:838 arg1 aestivum 840:847 Triticum aestivum 831:847 Triticum aestivum 831:847 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 4 84 theme acid 719:722 arg1 METHODS 663:669 METHODS 663:669 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing 663:733 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 4 84 theme acid 719:722 arg1 sequencing 724:733 N-terminal amino acid sequencing 702:733 N-terminal amino acid sequencing 702:733 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 0 85 theme nutrition 20:28 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of nitrogen nutrition on the synthesis and deposition of the ω-gliadins of wheat 0:87 Effects of nitrogen nutrition on the synthesis and deposition of the ω-gliadins of wheat. 24344140 9 86 theme spatial 1602:1608 arg1 patterns 1610:1617 the spatial patterns 1598:1617 the spatial patterns 1598:1617 Nitrogen supply also affected the spatial patterns of ω-gliadin synthesis and deposition, which were differentially increased in the outer layers of the starchy endosperm with high levels of nitrogen. 24344140 7 87 dep RESULTS 1235:1241 arg1 identified 1275:1284 identified 1275:1284 were identified in the six cultivars, including both monomeric 'gliadin' proteins and subunits present in polymeric 'glutenin' fractions 1270:1405 KEY RESULTS Two patterns of ω-gliadins were identified in the six cultivars, including both monomeric 'gliadin' proteins and subunits present in polymeric 'glutenin' fractions. 24344140 3 88 theme cultivar 455:462 arg1 effects 444:450 the effects 440:450 the effects of cultivar and nitrogen availability on the synthesis and deposition of ω-gliadins in wheat grown under field conditions in the UK 440:582 This study therefore compares the effects of cultivar and nitrogen availability on the synthesis and deposition of ω-gliadins in wheat grown under field conditions in the UK, including temporal and spatial analyses at the protein and transcript levels. 24344140 11 89 theme starchy 2018:2024 arg1 endosperm 2026:2034 the starchy endosperm 2014:2034 the starchy endosperm under higher nitrogen availability 2014:2069 Their spatial distribution is also affected by nitrogen supply, being most highly concentrated in the sub-aleurone cells of the starchy endosperm under higher nitrogen availability. 24344140 4 90 theme mature 796:801 arg1 grain 803:807 mature grain 796:807 mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply 796:963 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 1 91 theme ω-5 274:276 arg1 sub-group 278:286 the ω-5 sub-group 270:286 the ω-5 sub-group 270:286 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ω-gliadin storage proteins of wheat are of interest in relation to their impact on grain processing properties and their role in food allergy, particularly the ω-5 sub-group and wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. 24344140 9 92 theme synthesis 1632:1640 arg1 patterns 1610:1617 the spatial patterns 1598:1617 the spatial patterns 1598:1617 Nitrogen supply also affected the spatial patterns of ω-gliadin synthesis and deposition, which were differentially increased in the outer layers of the starchy endosperm with high levels of nitrogen. 24344140 6 93 theme accumulation 1128:1139 arg1 patterns 1088:1095 Spatial patterns 1080:1095 Spatial patterns of gene expression and protein accumulation 1080:1139 Spatial patterns of gene expression and protein accumulation were determined by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. 24344140 9 94 theme high 1744:1747 arg1 levels 1749:1754 high levels 1744:1754 high levels of nitrogen 1744:1766 Nitrogen supply also affected the spatial patterns of ω-gliadin synthesis and deposition, which were differentially increased in the outer layers of the starchy endosperm with high levels of nitrogen. 24344140 4 95 theme components 782:791 arg1 patterns 760:767 the patterns 756:767 the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply 756:963 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 9 96 theme deposition 1646:1655 arg1 patterns 1610:1617 the spatial patterns 1598:1617 the spatial patterns 1598:1617 Nitrogen supply also affected the spatial patterns of ω-gliadin synthesis and deposition, which were differentially increased in the outer layers of the starchy endosperm with high levels of nitrogen. 24344140 1 97 dep impact 187:192 arg1 anaphylaxis 325:335 wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis 292:335 wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis 292:335 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ω-gliadin storage proteins of wheat are of interest in relation to their impact on grain processing properties and their role in food allergy, particularly the ω-5 sub-group and wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. 24344140 1 97 dep impact 187:192 arg1 sub-group 278:286 the ω-5 sub-group 270:286 the ω-5 sub-group 270:286 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ω-gliadin storage proteins of wheat are of interest in relation to their impact on grain processing properties and their role in food allergy, particularly the ω-5 sub-group and wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. 24344140 1 97 dep impact 187:192 arg1 relation 169:176 relation 169:176 relation 169:176 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ω-gliadin storage proteins of wheat are of interest in relation to their impact on grain processing properties and their role in food allergy, particularly the ω-5 sub-group and wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. 24344140 3 98 theme nitrogen 468:475 arg1 availability 477:488 nitrogen availability 468:488 nitrogen availability 468:488 This study therefore compares the effects of cultivar and nitrogen availability on the synthesis and deposition of ω-gliadins in wheat grown under field conditions in the UK, including temporal and spatial analyses at the protein and transcript levels. 24344140 1 99 theme grain 197:201 arg1 properties 214:223 grain processing properties 197:223 grain processing properties 197:223 BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ω-gliadin storage proteins of wheat are of interest in relation to their impact on grain processing properties and their role in food allergy, particularly the ω-5 sub-group and wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. 24344140 5 100 theme gene 977:980 arg1 expression 982:991 gene expression 977:991 gene expression 977:991 Changes in gene expression during development were determined using real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). 24344140 4 101 with plots 930:934 arg1 supply 958:963 varying nitrogen supply 941:963 varying nitrogen supply 941:963 METHODS SDS-PAGE, western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were used to compare the patterns of ω-gliadin components in mature grain of six British wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their accumulation during the development of grain grown in field plots with varying nitrogen supply. 24344140 6 102 theme gene 1100:1103 arg1 expression 1105:1114 gene expression 1100:1114 gene expression 1100:1114 Spatial patterns of gene expression and protein accumulation were determined by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. 24344140 8 103 theme nitrogen 1432:1439 arg1 fertilizer 1441:1450 nitrogen fertilizer 1432:1450 nitrogen fertilizer 1432:1450 Increasing the level of nitrogen fertilizer in field plots resulted in increased expression of ω-gliadin transcripts and increased proportions of ω-5 gliadins. 25158848 8 0 theme fatty 834:838 arg1 acids 840:844 the major fatty acids 824:844 the major fatty acids 824:844 The predominant isoprenoid quinones were MK-9 (H4), MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0), iso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(17:0) and iso-C(16:0). 25158848 8 0 theme fatty 834:838 arg1 anteiso-C 851:859 anteiso-C 851:859 anteiso-C(15:0) 851:865 The predominant isoprenoid quinones were MK-9 (H4), MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0), iso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(17:0) and iso-C(16:0). 25158848 5 1 theme optimum 582:588 arg1 growth 590:595 optimum growth 582:595 optimum growth at 1% (w/v) 582:607 The pH range for growth was 4.0-11.0 (optimum pH 6.0-8.0) and the NaCl range for growth was 0-7% (w/v) with optimum growth at 1% (w/v). 25158848 11 2 theme Streptomyces 1517:1528 arg1 sp 1544:1545 the suggested name Streptomyces panaciradicis sp 1498:1545 the suggested name Streptomyces panaciradicis sp 1498:1545 It is proposed that this strain should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, with the suggested name Streptomyces panaciradicis sp. 25158848 3 3 theme spores 324:329 arg1 chains 314:319 long chains 309:319 long chains 309:319 The isolate formed long chains of spores that were straight, cylindrical and smooth-surfaced. 25158848 9 4 theme Streptomyces 1019:1030 arg1 T 1050:1050 Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T) 1019:1051 Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T) 1019:1051 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 8 5 theme major 828:832 arg1 acids 840:844 the major fatty acids 824:844 the major fatty acids 824:844 The predominant isoprenoid quinones were MK-9 (H4), MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0), iso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(17:0) and iso-C(16:0). 25158848 8 5 theme major 828:832 arg1 anteiso-C 851:859 anteiso-C 851:859 anteiso-C(15:0) 851:865 The predominant isoprenoid quinones were MK-9 (H4), MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0), iso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(17:0) and iso-C(16:0). 25158848 9 6 theme 16S 914:916 arg1 rRNA 918:921 16S rRNA 914:921 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies 914:945 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 11 7 theme panaciradicis 1530:1542 arg1 sp 1544:1545 the suggested name Streptomyces panaciradicis sp 1498:1545 the suggested name Streptomyces panaciradicis sp 1498:1545 It is proposed that this strain should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, with the suggested name Streptomyces panaciradicis sp. 25158848 7 8 theme whole-cell 725:734 arg1 ribose 709:714 ribose 709:714 ribose 709:714 Glucose, mannose and ribose were the whole-cell sugars. 25158848 7 8 theme whole-cell 725:734 arg1 mannose 697:703 mannose 697:703 mannose 697:703 Glucose, mannose and ribose were the whole-cell sugars. 25158848 7 8 theme whole-cell 725:734 arg1 sugars 736:741 the whole-cell sugars 721:741 the whole-cell sugars 721:741 Glucose, mannose and ribose were the whole-cell sugars. 25158848 7 8 theme whole-cell 725:734 arg1 Glucose 688:694 Glucose 688:694 Glucose 688:694 Glucose, mannose and ribose were the whole-cell sugars. 25158848 5 9 from % 601:601 arg1 growth 590:595 optimum growth 582:595 optimum growth at 1% (w/v) 582:607 The pH range for growth was 4.0-11.0 (optimum pH 6.0-8.0) and the NaCl range for growth was 0-7% (w/v) with optimum growth at 1% (w/v). 25158848 3 10 theme cylindrical 351:361 arg1 chains 314:319 long chains 309:319 long chains 309:319 The isolate formed long chains of spores that were straight, cylindrical and smooth-surfaced. 25158848 6 11 theme ll-diaminopimelic 664:680 arg1 acid 682:685 ll-diaminopimelic acid 664:685 ll-diaminopimelic acid 664:685 Strain 1MR-8(T) had cell-wall peptidoglycans based on ll-diaminopimelic acid. 25158848 11 12 theme Streptomyces 1479:1490 arg1 species 1458:1464 a novel species 1450:1464 a novel species of the genus Streptomyces 1450:1490 It is proposed that this strain should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, with the suggested name Streptomyces panaciradicis sp. 25158848 5 13 theme pH 478:479 arg1 4.0-11.0 502:509 4.0-11.0 502:509 4.0-11.0 502:509 The pH range for growth was 4.0-11.0 (optimum pH 6.0-8.0) and the NaCl range for growth was 0-7% (w/v) with optimum growth at 1% (w/v). 25158848 5 13 theme pH 478:479 arg1 range 481:485 The pH range 474:485 The pH range for growth 474:496 The pH range for growth was 4.0-11.0 (optimum pH 6.0-8.0) and the NaCl range for growth was 0-7% (w/v) with optimum growth at 1% (w/v). 25158848 9 14 theme T 1122:1122 arg1 strains 1008:1014 the type strains 999:1014 the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8% 999:1197 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 6 15 contain had 626:628 arg1 1MR-8 617:621 Strain 1MR-8 610:621 Strain 1MR-8(T) 610:624 Strain 1MR-8(T) had cell-wall peptidoglycans based on ll-diaminopimelic acid. 25158848 6 15 contain had 626:628 arg2 peptidoglycans 640:653 cell-wall peptidoglycans 630:653 cell-wall peptidoglycans 630:653 Strain 1MR-8(T) had cell-wall peptidoglycans based on ll-diaminopimelic acid. 25158848 6 15 contain had 626:628 arg1 T 623:623 T 623:623 T 623:623 Strain 1MR-8(T) had cell-wall peptidoglycans based on ll-diaminopimelic acid. 25158848 9 16 theme GIMN4 1044:1048 arg1 T 1050:1050 Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T) 1019:1051 Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T) 1019:1051 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 9 17 theme gene 923:926 arg1 studies 939:945 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies 914:945 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies 914:945 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 13 18 dep 1MR-8 1572:1576 arg1 T 1613:1613 T 1613:1613 T 1613:1613 The type strain is 1MR-8(T) ( = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811(T)). 25158848 13 18 dep 1MR-8 1572:1576 arg1 109811 1606:1611  = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811 1582:1611  = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811(T) 1582:1614 The type strain is 1MR-8(T) ( = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811(T)). 25158848 10 19 theme phylogenetic 1350:1361 arg1 relatives 1363:1371 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1338:1371 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1338:1371 However, DNA-DNA relatedness, as well as physiological and biochemical analyses, showed that strain 1MR-8(T) could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 25158848 5 20 theme NaCl 540:543 arg1 % 569:569 0-7% 566:569 0-7% (w/v) with optimum growth at 1% (w/v) 566:607 The pH range for growth was 4.0-11.0 (optimum pH 6.0-8.0) and the NaCl range for growth was 0-7% (w/v) with optimum growth at 1% (w/v). 25158848 5 20 theme NaCl 540:543 arg1 range 545:549 the NaCl range 536:549 the NaCl range for growth 536:560 The pH range for growth was 4.0-11.0 (optimum pH 6.0-8.0) and the NaCl range for growth was 0-7% (w/v) with optimum growth at 1% (w/v). 25158848 9 21 theme sequencing 928:937 arg1 studies 939:945 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies 914:945 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies 914:945 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 11 22 theme novel 1452:1456 arg1 species 1458:1464 a novel species 1450:1464 a novel species of the genus Streptomyces 1450:1490 It is proposed that this strain should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, with the suggested name Streptomyces panaciradicis sp. 25158848 9 23 theme T 1050:1050 arg1 strains 1008:1014 the type strains 999:1014 the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8% 999:1197 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 1 24 theme ginseng 87:93 arg1 rhizoplane 95:104 ginseng rhizoplane 87:104 ginseng rhizoplane 87:104 nov., a β-glucosidase-producing bacterium isolated from ginseng rhizoplane. 25158848 9 25 theme Streptomyces 1129:1140 arg1 T 1169:1169 Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) 1129:1170 Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) 1129:1170 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 0 26 theme panaciradicis 13:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Streptomyces panaciradicis sp 0:28 Streptomyces panaciradicis sp. 0:29 Streptomyces panaciradicis sp. 25158848 10 27 theme DNA-DNA 1209:1215 arg1 relatedness 1217:1227 DNA-DNA relatedness 1209:1227 DNA-DNA relatedness 1209:1227 However, DNA-DNA relatedness, as well as physiological and biochemical analyses, showed that strain 1MR-8(T) could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 25158848 10 28 theme physiological 1241:1253 arg1 analyses 1271:1278 physiological and biochemical analyses 1241:1278 physiological and biochemical analyses 1241:1278 However, DNA-DNA relatedness, as well as physiological and biochemical analyses, showed that strain 1MR-8(T) could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 25158848 6 29 theme cell-wall 630:638 arg1 peptidoglycans 640:653 cell-wall peptidoglycans 630:653 cell-wall peptidoglycans 630:653 Strain 1MR-8(T) had cell-wall peptidoglycans based on ll-diaminopimelic acid. 25158848 0 30 theme Streptomyces 0:11 arg1 sp 27:28 Streptomyces panaciradicis sp 0:28 Streptomyces panaciradicis sp. 0:29 Streptomyces panaciradicis sp. 25158848 9 31 dep Streptomyces 1019:1030 arg1 caeruleatus 1032:1042 caeruleatus 1032:1042 caeruleatus 1032:1042 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 5 32 theme optimum 512:518 arg1 4.0-11.0 502:509 4.0-11.0 502:509 4.0-11.0 502:509 The pH range for growth was 4.0-11.0 (optimum pH 6.0-8.0) and the NaCl range for growth was 0-7% (w/v) with optimum growth at 1% (w/v). 25158848 5 32 theme optimum 512:518 arg1 pH 520:521 optimum pH 6.0-8.0 512:529 optimum pH 6.0-8.0 512:529 The pH range for growth was 4.0-11.0 (optimum pH 6.0-8.0) and the NaCl range for growth was 0-7% (w/v) with optimum growth at 1% (w/v). 25158848 11 33 theme genus 1473:1477 arg1 Streptomyces 1479:1490 the genus Streptomyces 1469:1490 the genus Streptomyces 1469:1490 It is proposed that this strain should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, with the suggested name Streptomyces panaciradicis sp. 25158848 8 34 theme isoprenoid 760:769 arg1 MK-9 785:788 MK-9 785:788 MK-9 785:788 The predominant isoprenoid quinones were MK-9 (H4), MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0), iso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(17:0) and iso-C(16:0). 25158848 8 34 theme isoprenoid 760:769 arg1 quinones 771:778 The predominant isoprenoid quinones 744:778 The predominant isoprenoid quinones 744:778 The predominant isoprenoid quinones were MK-9 (H4), MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0), iso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(17:0) and iso-C(16:0). 25158848 9 35 theme NBRC 1158:1161 arg1 T 1169:1169 Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) 1129:1170 Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) 1129:1170 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 3 36 theme smooth-surfaced 367:381 arg1 chains 314:319 long chains 309:319 long chains 309:319 The isolate formed long chains of spores that were straight, cylindrical and smooth-surfaced. 25158848 9 37 theme Streptomyces 1054:1065 arg1 T 1087:1087 Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T) 1054:1088 Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T) 1054:1088 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 9 38 with T 1169:1169 arg1 similarities 1177:1188 similarities 1177:1188 similarities of 98.8% 1177:1197 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 4 39 theme Strain 384:389 arg1 T 397:397 T 397:397 T 397:397 Strain 1MR-8(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 28 °C), whilst no growth was observed at 45 °C. 25158848 4 39 theme Strain 384:389 arg1 1MR-8 391:395 Strain 1MR-8 384:395 Strain 1MR-8(T) 384:398 Strain 1MR-8(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 28 °C), whilst no growth was observed at 45 °C. 25158848 9 40 theme rRNA 918:921 arg1 studies 939:945 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies 914:945 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies 914:945 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 8 41 theme predominant 748:758 arg1 MK-9 785:788 MK-9 785:788 MK-9 785:788 The predominant isoprenoid quinones were MK-9 (H4), MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0), iso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(17:0) and iso-C(16:0). 25158848 8 41 theme predominant 748:758 arg1 quinones 771:778 The predominant isoprenoid quinones 744:778 The predominant isoprenoid quinones 744:778 The predominant isoprenoid quinones were MK-9 (H4), MK-9 (H6) and MK-9 (H8) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0), iso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(17:0) and iso-C(16:0). 25158848 2 42 attach isolated 181:188 arg2 actinobacterium 132:146 A Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium 107:146 A Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium 107:146 A Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium, designated strain 1MR-8(T), was isolated from the rhizoplane of ginseng and its taxonomic status was determined using a polyphasic approach. 25158848 2 42 attach isolated 181:188 arg1 rhizoplane 199:208 the rhizoplane 195:208 the rhizoplane of ginseng 195:219 A Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium, designated strain 1MR-8(T), was isolated from the rhizoplane of ginseng and its taxonomic status was determined using a polyphasic approach. 25158848 10 43 theme biochemical 1259:1269 arg1 analyses 1271:1278 physiological and biochemical analyses 1241:1278 physiological and biochemical analyses 1241:1278 However, DNA-DNA relatedness, as well as physiological and biochemical analyses, showed that strain 1MR-8(T) could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 25158848 9 44 theme curacoi 1067:1073 arg1 T 1087:1087 Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T) 1054:1088 Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T) 1054:1088 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 13 45 theme type 1557:1560 arg1 1MR-8 1572:1576 1MR-8 1572:1576 1MR-8(T) ( = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811(T)) 1572:1615 The type strain is 1MR-8(T) ( = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811(T)). 25158848 13 45 theme type 1557:1560 arg1 strain 1562:1567 The type strain 1553:1567 The type strain 1553:1567 The type strain is 1MR-8(T) ( = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811(T)). 25158848 9 46 theme novel 963:967 arg1 strain 969:974 the novel strain 959:974 the novel strain 959:974 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 9 46 theme novel 963:967 arg1 related 988:994 related 988:994 related 988:994 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 9 47 theme % 1197:1197 arg1 similarities 1177:1188 similarities 1177:1188 similarities of 98.8% 1177:1197 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 13 48 theme T 1596:1596 arg1 T 1613:1613 T 1613:1613 T 1613:1613 The type strain is 1MR-8(T) ( = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811(T)). 25158848 13 48 theme T 1596:1596 arg1 109811 1606:1611  = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811 1582:1611  = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811(T) 1582:1614 The type strain is 1MR-8(T) ( = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811(T)). 25158848 9 49 theme NRRL 1075:1078 arg1 T 1087:1087 Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T) 1054:1088 Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T) 1054:1088 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 4 50 theme optimum 418:424 arg1 °C 414:415 10-37 °C 408:415 10-37 °C (optimum 28 °C) 408:431 Strain 1MR-8(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 28 °C), whilst no growth was observed at 45 °C. 25158848 4 50 theme optimum 418:424 arg1 °C 429:430 optimum 28 °C 418:430 optimum 28 °C 418:430 Strain 1MR-8(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 28 °C), whilst no growth was observed at 45 °C. 25158848 9 51 theme T 1169:1169 arg1 strains 1008:1014 the type strains 999:1014 the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8% 999:1197 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 2 52 theme Gram-staining-positive 109:130 arg1 actinobacterium 132:146 A Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium 107:146 A Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium 107:146 A Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium, designated strain 1MR-8(T), was isolated from the rhizoplane of ginseng and its taxonomic status was determined using a polyphasic approach. 25158848 2 53 theme taxonomic 229:237 arg1 status 239:244 its taxonomic status 225:244 its taxonomic status 225:244 A Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium, designated strain 1MR-8(T), was isolated from the rhizoplane of ginseng and its taxonomic status was determined using a polyphasic approach. 25158848 9 54 with T 1122:1122 arg1 similarities 1177:1188 similarities 1177:1188 similarities of 98.8% 1177:1197 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 11 55 theme species 1458:1464 arg1 strain 1399:1404 this strain 1394:1404 this strain 1394:1404 It is proposed that this strain should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, with the suggested name Streptomyces panaciradicis sp. 25158848 11 55 theme species 1458:1464 arg1 representative 1432:1445 a representative 1430:1445 a representative of a novel species of the genus Streptomyces 1430:1490 It is proposed that this strain should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, with the suggested name Streptomyces panaciradicis sp. 25158848 10 56 theme strain 1293:1298 arg1 T 1306:1306 T 1306:1306 T 1306:1306 However, DNA-DNA relatedness, as well as physiological and biochemical analyses, showed that strain 1MR-8(T) could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 25158848 10 56 theme strain 1293:1298 arg1 1MR-8 1300:1304 strain 1MR-8 1293:1304 strain 1MR-8(T) 1293:1307 However, DNA-DNA relatedness, as well as physiological and biochemical analyses, showed that strain 1MR-8(T) could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 25158848 9 57 theme B-2901 1080:1085 arg1 T 1087:1087 Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T) 1054:1088 Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T) 1054:1088 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 3 58 theme long 309:312 arg1 chains 314:319 long chains 309:319 long chains 309:319 The isolate formed long chains of spores that were straight, cylindrical and smooth-surfaced. 25158848 9 59 dep Streptomyces 1091:1102 arg1 capoamus 1104:1111 capoamus 1104:1111 capoamus 1104:1111 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 11 60 theme suggested 1502:1510 arg1 sp 1544:1545 the suggested name Streptomyces panaciradicis sp 1498:1545 the suggested name Streptomyces panaciradicis sp 1498:1545 It is proposed that this strain should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, with the suggested name Streptomyces panaciradicis sp. 25158848 9 61 theme T 1087:1087 arg1 strains 1008:1014 the type strains 999:1014 the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8% 999:1197 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 2 62 theme ginseng 213:219 arg1 rhizoplane 199:208 the rhizoplane 195:208 the rhizoplane of ginseng 195:219 A Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium, designated strain 1MR-8(T), was isolated from the rhizoplane of ginseng and its taxonomic status was determined using a polyphasic approach. 25158848 9 63 dep Streptomyces 1129:1140 arg1 coeruleorubidus 1142:1156 coeruleorubidus 1142:1156 coeruleorubidus 1142:1156 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 13 64 theme  = KACC 1582:1588 arg1 T 1613:1613 T 1613:1613 T 1613:1613 The type strain is 1MR-8(T) ( = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811(T)). 25158848 13 64 theme  = KACC 1582:1588 arg1 109811 1606:1611  = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811 1582:1611  = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811(T) 1582:1614 The type strain is 1MR-8(T) ( = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811(T)). 25158848 4 65 located observed 455:462 arg1 °C 470:471 45 °C 467:471 45 °C 467:471 Strain 1MR-8(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 28 °C), whilst no growth was observed at 45 °C. 25158848 4 65 located observed 455:462 arg2 growth 444:449 no growth 441:449 no growth 441:449 Strain 1MR-8(T) grew at 10-37 °C (optimum 28 °C), whilst no growth was observed at 45 °C. 25158848 9 66 with T 1050:1050 arg1 similarities 1177:1188 similarities 1177:1188 similarities of 98.8% 1177:1197 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 11 67 theme name 1512:1515 arg1 sp 1544:1545 the suggested name Streptomyces panaciradicis sp 1498:1545 the suggested name Streptomyces panaciradicis sp 1498:1545 It is proposed that this strain should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, with the suggested name Streptomyces panaciradicis sp. 25158848 9 68 with T 1087:1087 arg1 similarities 1177:1188 similarities 1177:1188 similarities of 98.8% 1177:1197 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 6 69 theme Strain 610:615 arg1 1MR-8 617:621 Strain 1MR-8 610:621 Strain 1MR-8(T) 610:624 Strain 1MR-8(T) had cell-wall peptidoglycans based on ll-diaminopimelic acid. 25158848 6 69 theme Strain 610:615 arg1 T 623:623 T 623:623 T 623:623 Strain 1MR-8(T) had cell-wall peptidoglycans based on ll-diaminopimelic acid. 25158848 13 70 theme 17632 1590:1594 arg1 T 1613:1613 T 1613:1613 T 1613:1613 The type strain is 1MR-8(T) ( = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811(T)). 25158848 13 70 theme 17632 1590:1594 arg1 109811 1606:1611  = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811 1582:1611  = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811(T) 1582:1614 The type strain is 1MR-8(T) ( = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811(T)). 25158848 2 71 theme polyphasic 269:278 arg1 approach 280:287 a polyphasic approach 267:287 a polyphasic approach 267:287 A Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium, designated strain 1MR-8(T), was isolated from the rhizoplane of ginseng and its taxonomic status was determined using a polyphasic approach. 25158848 13 72 theme  = NBRC 1598:1604 arg1 T 1613:1613 T 1613:1613 T 1613:1613 The type strain is 1MR-8(T) ( = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811(T)). 25158848 13 72 theme  = NBRC 1598:1604 arg1 109811 1606:1611  = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811 1582:1611  = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811(T) 1582:1614 The type strain is 1MR-8(T) ( = KACC 17632(T) = NBRC 109811(T)). 25158848 10 73 theme closest 1342:1348 arg1 relatives 1363:1371 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1338:1371 its closest phylogenetic relatives 1338:1371 However, DNA-DNA relatedness, as well as physiological and biochemical analyses, showed that strain 1MR-8(T) could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. 25158848 9 74 theme Streptomyces 1091:1102 arg1 T 1122:1122 Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) 1091:1123 Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) 1091:1123 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 9 75 theme type 1003:1006 arg1 strains 1008:1014 the type strains 999:1014 the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8% 999:1197 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 9 76 theme 12761 1163:1167 arg1 T 1169:1169 Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) 1129:1170 Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) 1129:1170 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 25158848 5 77 with % 569:569 arg1 growth 590:595 optimum growth 582:595 optimum growth at 1% (w/v) 582:607 The pH range for growth was 4.0-11.0 (optimum pH 6.0-8.0) and the NaCl range for growth was 0-7% (w/v) with optimum growth at 1% (w/v). 25158848 2 78 theme strain 160:165 arg1 T 173:173 T 173:173 T 173:173 A Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium, designated strain 1MR-8(T), was isolated from the rhizoplane of ginseng and its taxonomic status was determined using a polyphasic approach. 25158848 2 78 theme strain 160:165 arg1 1MR-8 167:171 strain 1MR-8 160:171 strain 1MR-8(T) 160:174 A Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium, designated strain 1MR-8(T), was isolated from the rhizoplane of ginseng and its taxonomic status was determined using a polyphasic approach. 25158848 1 79 theme β-glucosidase-producing 39:61 arg1 bacterium 63:71 a β-glucosidase-producing bacterium 37:71 a β-glucosidase-producing bacterium 37:71 nov., a β-glucosidase-producing bacterium isolated from ginseng rhizoplane. 25158848 1 79 theme β-glucosidase-producing 39:61 arg1 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov., a β-glucosidase-producing bacterium isolated from ginseng rhizoplane. 25158848 9 80 theme JCM 1113:1115 arg1 T 1122:1122 Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) 1091:1123 Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) 1091:1123 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the novel strain was closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces caeruleatus GIMN4(T), Streptomyces curacoi NRRL B-2901(T), Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734(T) and Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NBRC 12761(T) with similarities of 98.8%. 27880005 6 0 theme genes 1178:1182 arg1 number 1168:1173 a large number 1160:1173 a large number of genes related to cell wall composition and metabolism, as well as those encoding ribosomal proteins, DNA and histone-modifying enzymes and proteins involved in post-translational modification 1160:1368 GSNO, but not auxin, restored the wild-type root glycome and transcriptome profiles in rhd6, modulating the expression of a large number of genes related to cell wall composition and metabolism, as well as those encoding ribosomal proteins, DNA and histone-modifying enzymes and proteins involved in post-translational modification. 27880005 3 1 theme root 641:644 arg1 phenotype 651:659 the root hair phenotype 637:659 the root hair phenotype of the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant 637:711 GSNO and auxin restored the root hair phenotype of the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant. 27880005 1 2 theme pleiotropic 222:232 arg1 effects 234:240 pleiotropic effects 222:240 pleiotropic effects 222:240 Nitric oxide (NO) exerts pleiotropic effects on plant development; however, its involvement in cell wall modification during root hair formation (RHF) has not yet been addressed. 27880005 2 3 theme hair 432:435 arg1 phenotypes 437:446 altered root hair phenotypes 419:446 altered root hair phenotypes 419:446 Here, mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered root hair phenotypes were used to assess the involvement of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the primary NO source, in cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs. 27880005 4 4 theme NO 768:769 arg1 production 771:780 increased NO production 758:780 increased NO production 758:780 A positive correlation was observed between increased NO production and RHF induced by auxin in rhd6 and transparent testa glabra (ttg) mutants. 27880005 2 5 theme NO 528:529 arg1 source 531:536 the primary NO source 516:536 the primary NO source 516:536 Here, mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered root hair phenotypes were used to assess the involvement of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the primary NO source, in cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs. 27880005 2 5 theme NO 528:529 arg1 S-nitrosoglutathione 487:506 S-nitrosoglutathione 487:506 S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) 487:513 Here, mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered root hair phenotypes were used to assess the involvement of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the primary NO source, in cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs. 27880005 5 6 theme root 962:965 arg1 trichoblasts 979:990 trichoblasts 979:990 trichoblasts 979:990 Deposition of an epitope within rhamnogalacturonan-I recognized by the CCRC-M2 antibody was delayed in root hair cells (trichoblasts) compared with nonhair cells (atrichoblasts). 27880005 5 6 theme root 962:965 arg1 cells 972:976 root hair cells 962:976 root hair cells (trichoblasts) 962:991 Deposition of an epitope within rhamnogalacturonan-I recognized by the CCRC-M2 antibody was delayed in root hair cells (trichoblasts) compared with nonhair cells (atrichoblasts). 27880005 0 7 theme hair 105:108 arg1 formation 110:118 root hair formation 100:118 root hair formation 100:118 S-nitrosoglutathione promotes cell wall remodelling, alters the transcriptional profile and induces root hair formation in the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. 27880005 1 8 theme root 322:325 arg1 formation 332:340 root hair formation 322:340 root hair formation (RHF) 322:346 Nitric oxide (NO) exerts pleiotropic effects on plant development; however, its involvement in cell wall modification during root hair formation (RHF) has not yet been addressed. 27880005 1 8 theme root 322:325 arg1 RHF 343:345 RHF 343:345 RHF 343:345 Nitric oxide (NO) exerts pleiotropic effects on plant development; however, its involvement in cell wall modification during root hair formation (RHF) has not yet been addressed. 27880005 0 9 theme Arabidopsis 175:185 arg1 thaliana 187:194 Arabidopsis thaliana 175:194 Arabidopsis thaliana 175:194 S-nitrosoglutathione promotes cell wall remodelling, alters the transcriptional profile and induces root hair formation in the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. 27880005 0 10 theme root 100:103 arg1 formation 110:118 root hair formation 100:118 root hair formation 100:118 S-nitrosoglutathione promotes cell wall remodelling, alters the transcriptional profile and induces root hair formation in the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. 27880005 1 11 theme hair 327:330 arg1 formation 332:340 root hair formation 322:340 root hair formation (RHF) 322:346 Nitric oxide (NO) exerts pleiotropic effects on plant development; however, its involvement in cell wall modification during root hair formation (RHF) has not yet been addressed. 27880005 1 11 theme hair 327:330 arg1 RHF 343:345 RHF 343:345 RHF 343:345 Nitric oxide (NO) exerts pleiotropic effects on plant development; however, its involvement in cell wall modification during root hair formation (RHF) has not yet been addressed. 27880005 1 12 from involvement 277:287 arg1 modification 302:313 cell wall modification 292:313 cell wall modification 292:313 Nitric oxide (NO) exerts pleiotropic effects on plant development; however, its involvement in cell wall modification during root hair formation (RHF) has not yet been addressed. 27880005 5 13 theme nonhair 1007:1013 arg1 cells 1015:1019 nonhair cells 1007:1019 nonhair cells (atrichoblasts) 1007:1035 Deposition of an epitope within rhamnogalacturonan-I recognized by the CCRC-M2 antibody was delayed in root hair cells (trichoblasts) compared with nonhair cells (atrichoblasts). 27880005 5 13 theme nonhair 1007:1013 arg1 atrichoblasts 1022:1034 atrichoblasts 1022:1034 atrichoblasts 1022:1034 Deposition of an epitope within rhamnogalacturonan-I recognized by the CCRC-M2 antibody was delayed in root hair cells (trichoblasts) compared with nonhair cells (atrichoblasts). 27880005 1 14 theme plant 245:249 arg1 development 251:261 plant development 245:261 plant development 245:261 Nitric oxide (NO) exerts pleiotropic effects on plant development; however, its involvement in cell wall modification during root hair formation (RHF) has not yet been addressed. 27880005 3 15 theme hair 646:649 arg1 phenotype 651:659 the root hair phenotype 637:659 the root hair phenotype of the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant 637:711 GSNO and auxin restored the root hair phenotype of the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant. 27880005 2 16 theme gene 565:568 arg1 expression 570:579 gene expression 565:579 gene expression in roots induced to form hairs 565:610 Here, mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered root hair phenotypes were used to assess the involvement of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the primary NO source, in cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs. 27880005 6 17 theme wild-type 1072:1080 arg1 glycome 1087:1093 the wild-type root glycome and transcriptome profiles 1068:1120 glycome 1087:1093 GSNO, but not auxin, restored the wild-type root glycome and transcriptome profiles in rhd6, modulating the expression of a large number of genes related to cell wall composition and metabolism, as well as those encoding ribosomal proteins, DNA and histone-modifying enzymes and proteins involved in post-translational modification. 27880005 4 18 theme ttg 845:847 arg1 mutants 850:856 transparent testa glabra (ttg) mutants 819:856 transparent testa glabra (ttg) mutants 819:856 A positive correlation was observed between increased NO production and RHF induced by auxin in rhd6 and transparent testa glabra (ttg) mutants. 27880005 0 19 theme thaliana 187:194 arg1 mutant 165:170 the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant 123:170 the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana 123:194 S-nitrosoglutathione promotes cell wall remodelling, alters the transcriptional profile and induces root hair formation in the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. 27880005 7 20 theme wall 1428:1431 arg1 remodelling 1433:1443 cell wall remodelling 1423:1443 cell wall remodelling 1423:1443 Our results demonstrate that NO plays a key role in cell wall remodelling in trichoblasts and suggest that it also participates in chromatin modification in root cells of A. thaliana. 27880005 6 21 theme histone-modifying 1287:1303 arg1 enzymes 1305:1311 histone-modifying enzymes 1287:1311 histone-modifying enzymes 1287:1311 GSNO, but not auxin, restored the wild-type root glycome and transcriptome profiles in rhd6, modulating the expression of a large number of genes related to cell wall composition and metabolism, as well as those encoding ribosomal proteins, DNA and histone-modifying enzymes and proteins involved in post-translational modification. 27880005 4 22 theme testa 831:835 arg1 mutants 850:856 transparent testa glabra (ttg) mutants 819:856 transparent testa glabra (ttg) mutants 819:856 A positive correlation was observed between increased NO production and RHF induced by auxin in rhd6 and transparent testa glabra (ttg) mutants. 27880005 2 23 theme Arabidopsis 393:403 arg1 thaliana 405:412 Arabidopsis thaliana 393:412 Arabidopsis thaliana 393:412 Here, mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered root hair phenotypes were used to assess the involvement of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the primary NO source, in cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs. 27880005 4 24 theme increased 758:766 arg1 production 771:780 increased NO production 758:780 increased NO production 758:780 A positive correlation was observed between increased NO production and RHF induced by auxin in rhd6 and transparent testa glabra (ttg) mutants. 27880005 2 25 theme S-nitrosoglutathione 487:506 arg1 involvement 472:482 the involvement 468:482 the involvement of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the primary NO source, in cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs 468:610 Here, mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered root hair phenotypes were used to assess the involvement of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the primary NO source, in cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs. 27880005 6 26 theme wall 1200:1203 arg1 composition 1205:1215 cell wall composition 1195:1215 cell wall composition 1195:1215 GSNO, but not auxin, restored the wild-type root glycome and transcriptome profiles in rhd6, modulating the expression of a large number of genes related to cell wall composition and metabolism, as well as those encoding ribosomal proteins, DNA and histone-modifying enzymes and proteins involved in post-translational modification. 27880005 2 27 theme cell 542:545 arg1 wall 547:550 cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs 542:610 wall 547:550 Here, mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered root hair phenotypes were used to assess the involvement of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the primary NO source, in cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs. 27880005 0 28 theme wall 35:38 arg1 remodelling 40:50 cell wall remodelling 30:50 cell wall remodelling 30:50 S-nitrosoglutathione promotes cell wall remodelling, alters the transcriptional profile and induces root hair formation in the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. 27880005 3 29 theme hairless 668:675 arg1 mutant 706:711 the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant 664:711 the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant 664:711 GSNO and auxin restored the root hair phenotype of the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant. 27880005 0 30 theme hairless 127:134 arg1 mutant 165:170 the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant 123:170 the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana 123:194 S-nitrosoglutathione promotes cell wall remodelling, alters the transcriptional profile and induces root hair formation in the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. 27880005 5 31 theme CCRC-M2 930:936 arg1 antibody 938:945 the CCRC-M2 antibody 926:945 the CCRC-M2 antibody 926:945 Deposition of an epitope within rhamnogalacturonan-I recognized by the CCRC-M2 antibody was delayed in root hair cells (trichoblasts) compared with nonhair cells (atrichoblasts). 27880005 7 32 theme A. thaliana 1542:1552 arg1 cells 1533:1537 root cells 1528:1537 root cells of A. thaliana 1528:1552 Our results demonstrate that NO plays a key role in cell wall remodelling in trichoblasts and suggest that it also participates in chromatin modification in root cells of A. thaliana. 27880005 0 33 theme cell 30:33 arg1 remodelling 40:50 cell wall remodelling 30:50 cell wall remodelling 30:50 S-nitrosoglutathione promotes cell wall remodelling, alters the transcriptional profile and induces root hair formation in the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. 27880005 6 34 theme cell 1195:1198 arg1 composition 1205:1215 cell wall composition 1195:1215 cell wall composition 1195:1215 GSNO, but not auxin, restored the wild-type root glycome and transcriptome profiles in rhd6, modulating the expression of a large number of genes related to cell wall composition and metabolism, as well as those encoding ribosomal proteins, DNA and histone-modifying enzymes and proteins involved in post-translational modification. 27880005 4 35 theme transparent 819:829 arg1 mutants 850:856 transparent testa glabra (ttg) mutants 819:856 transparent testa glabra (ttg) mutants 819:856 A positive correlation was observed between increased NO production and RHF induced by auxin in rhd6 and transparent testa glabra (ttg) mutants. 27880005 7 36 theme root 1528:1531 arg1 cells 1533:1537 root cells 1528:1537 root cells of A. thaliana 1528:1552 Our results demonstrate that NO plays a key role in cell wall remodelling in trichoblasts and suggest that it also participates in chromatin modification in root cells of A. thaliana. 27880005 2 37 theme root 427:430 arg1 phenotypes 437:446 altered root hair phenotypes 419:446 altered root hair phenotypes 419:446 Here, mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered root hair phenotypes were used to assess the involvement of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the primary NO source, in cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs. 27880005 7 38 theme chromatin 1502:1510 arg1 modification 1512:1523 chromatin modification 1502:1523 chromatin modification 1502:1523 Our results demonstrate that NO plays a key role in cell wall remodelling in trichoblasts and suggest that it also participates in chromatin modification in root cells of A. thaliana. 27880005 0 39 theme hair 141:144 arg1 mutant 165:170 the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant 123:170 the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana 123:194 S-nitrosoglutathione promotes cell wall remodelling, alters the transcriptional profile and induces root hair formation in the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. 27880005 5 40 theme hair 967:970 arg1 trichoblasts 979:990 trichoblasts 979:990 trichoblasts 979:990 Deposition of an epitope within rhamnogalacturonan-I recognized by the CCRC-M2 antibody was delayed in root hair cells (trichoblasts) compared with nonhair cells (atrichoblasts). 27880005 5 40 theme hair 967:970 arg1 cells 972:976 root hair cells 962:976 root hair cells (trichoblasts) 962:991 Deposition of an epitope within rhamnogalacturonan-I recognized by the CCRC-M2 antibody was delayed in root hair cells (trichoblasts) compared with nonhair cells (atrichoblasts). 27880005 1 41 theme Nitric 197:202 arg1 NO 211:212 NO 211:212 NO 211:212 Nitric oxide (NO) exerts pleiotropic effects on plant development; however, its involvement in cell wall modification during root hair formation (RHF) has not yet been addressed. 27880005 1 41 theme Nitric 197:202 arg1 oxide 204:208 Nitric oxide 197:208 Nitric oxide (NO) 197:213 Nitric oxide (NO) exerts pleiotropic effects on plant development; however, its involvement in cell wall modification during root hair formation (RHF) has not yet been addressed. 27880005 2 42 theme altered 419:425 arg1 phenotypes 437:446 altered root hair phenotypes 419:446 altered root hair phenotypes 419:446 Here, mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered root hair phenotypes were used to assess the involvement of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the primary NO source, in cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs. 27880005 2 43 from wall 547:550 arg1 roots 584:588 roots 584:588 roots 584:588 Here, mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered root hair phenotypes were used to assess the involvement of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the primary NO source, in cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs. 27880005 0 44 theme root 136:139 arg1 mutant 165:170 the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant 123:170 the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana 123:194 S-nitrosoglutathione promotes cell wall remodelling, alters the transcriptional profile and induces root hair formation in the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. 27880005 6 45 theme transcriptome 1099:1111 arg1 profiles 1113:1120 the wild-type root glycome and transcriptome profiles 1068:1120 profiles 1113:1120 GSNO, but not auxin, restored the wild-type root glycome and transcriptome profiles in rhd6, modulating the expression of a large number of genes related to cell wall composition and metabolism, as well as those encoding ribosomal proteins, DNA and histone-modifying enzymes and proteins involved in post-translational modification. 27880005 2 46 with mutants 382:388 arg1 phenotypes 437:446 altered root hair phenotypes 419:446 altered root hair phenotypes 419:446 Here, mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered root hair phenotypes were used to assess the involvement of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the primary NO source, in cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs. 27880005 3 47 theme hair 682:685 arg1 mutant 706:711 the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant 664:711 the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant 664:711 GSNO and auxin restored the root hair phenotype of the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant. 27880005 6 48 theme ribosomal 1259:1267 arg1 proteins 1269:1276 ribosomal proteins 1259:1276 ribosomal proteins 1259:1276 GSNO, but not auxin, restored the wild-type root glycome and transcriptome profiles in rhd6, modulating the expression of a large number of genes related to cell wall composition and metabolism, as well as those encoding ribosomal proteins, DNA and histone-modifying enzymes and proteins involved in post-translational modification. 27880005 3 49 theme defective 687:695 arg1 mutant 706:711 the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant 664:711 the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant 664:711 GSNO and auxin restored the root hair phenotype of the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant. 27880005 2 50 theme primary 520:526 arg1 source 531:536 the primary NO source 516:536 the primary NO source 516:536 Here, mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered root hair phenotypes were used to assess the involvement of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the primary NO source, in cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs. 27880005 2 50 theme primary 520:526 arg1 S-nitrosoglutathione 487:506 S-nitrosoglutathione 487:506 S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) 487:513 Here, mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered root hair phenotypes were used to assess the involvement of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the primary NO source, in cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs. 27880005 6 51 theme number 1168:1173 arg1 expression 1146:1155 the expression 1142:1155 the expression of a large number of genes related to cell wall composition and metabolism, as well as those encoding ribosomal proteins, DNA and histone-modifying enzymes and proteins involved in post-translational modification 1142:1368 GSNO, but not auxin, restored the wild-type root glycome and transcriptome profiles in rhd6, modulating the expression of a large number of genes related to cell wall composition and metabolism, as well as those encoding ribosomal proteins, DNA and histone-modifying enzymes and proteins involved in post-translational modification. 27880005 2 52 from expression 570:579 arg1 roots 584:588 roots 584:588 roots 584:588 Here, mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered root hair phenotypes were used to assess the involvement of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the primary NO source, in cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs. 27880005 2 53 theme thaliana 405:412 arg1 mutants 382:388 mutants 382:388 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered root hair phenotypes 382:446 Here, mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered root hair phenotypes were used to assess the involvement of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the primary NO source, in cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs. 27880005 3 54 theme root 677:680 arg1 mutant 706:711 the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant 664:711 the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant 664:711 GSNO and auxin restored the root hair phenotype of the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant. 27880005 0 55 theme defective 146:154 arg1 mutant 165:170 the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant 123:170 the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana 123:194 S-nitrosoglutathione promotes cell wall remodelling, alters the transcriptional profile and induces root hair formation in the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. 27880005 4 56 theme positive 716:723 arg1 correlation 725:735 A positive correlation 714:735 A positive correlation 714:735 A positive correlation was observed between increased NO production and RHF induced by auxin in rhd6 and transparent testa glabra (ttg) mutants. 27880005 1 57 theme cell 292:295 arg1 modification 302:313 cell wall modification 292:313 cell wall modification 292:313 Nitric oxide (NO) exerts pleiotropic effects on plant development; however, its involvement in cell wall modification during root hair formation (RHF) has not yet been addressed. 27880005 0 58 theme rhd6 159:162 arg1 mutant 165:170 the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant 123:170 the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana 123:194 S-nitrosoglutathione promotes cell wall remodelling, alters the transcriptional profile and induces root hair formation in the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. 27880005 6 59 theme root 1082:1085 arg1 glycome 1087:1093 the wild-type root glycome and transcriptome profiles 1068:1120 glycome 1087:1093 GSNO, but not auxin, restored the wild-type root glycome and transcriptome profiles in rhd6, modulating the expression of a large number of genes related to cell wall composition and metabolism, as well as those encoding ribosomal proteins, DNA and histone-modifying enzymes and proteins involved in post-translational modification. 27880005 7 60 theme key 1411:1413 arg1 role 1415:1418 a key role 1409:1418 a key role 1409:1418 Our results demonstrate that NO plays a key role in cell wall remodelling in trichoblasts and suggest that it also participates in chromatin modification in root cells of A. thaliana. 27880005 6 61 from glycome 1087:1093 arg1 rhd6 1125:1128 rhd6 1125:1128 rhd6 1125:1128 GSNO, but not auxin, restored the wild-type root glycome and transcriptome profiles in rhd6, modulating the expression of a large number of genes related to cell wall composition and metabolism, as well as those encoding ribosomal proteins, DNA and histone-modifying enzymes and proteins involved in post-translational modification. 27880005 6 62 theme related 1184:1190 arg1 genes 1178:1182 genes 1178:1182 genes related to cell wall composition and metabolism 1178:1230 GSNO, but not auxin, restored the wild-type root glycome and transcriptome profiles in rhd6, modulating the expression of a large number of genes related to cell wall composition and metabolism, as well as those encoding ribosomal proteins, DNA and histone-modifying enzymes and proteins involved in post-translational modification. 27880005 6 63 theme large 1162:1166 arg1 number 1168:1173 a large number 1160:1173 a large number of genes related to cell wall composition and metabolism, as well as those encoding ribosomal proteins, DNA and histone-modifying enzymes and proteins involved in post-translational modification 1160:1368 GSNO, but not auxin, restored the wild-type root glycome and transcriptome profiles in rhd6, modulating the expression of a large number of genes related to cell wall composition and metabolism, as well as those encoding ribosomal proteins, DNA and histone-modifying enzymes and proteins involved in post-translational modification. 27880005 2 64 from involvement 472:482 arg1 wall 547:550 cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs 542:610 wall 547:550 Here, mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered root hair phenotypes were used to assess the involvement of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the primary NO source, in cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs. 27880005 2 64 from involvement 472:482 arg1 expression 570:579 gene expression 565:579 gene expression in roots induced to form hairs 565:610 Here, mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered root hair phenotypes were used to assess the involvement of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the primary NO source, in cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs. 27880005 5 65 theme epitope 876:882 arg1 Deposition 859:868 Deposition 859:868 Deposition of an epitope within rhamnogalacturonan-I recognized by the CCRC-M2 antibody 859:945 Deposition of an epitope within rhamnogalacturonan-I recognized by the CCRC-M2 antibody was delayed in root hair cells (trichoblasts) compared with nonhair cells (atrichoblasts). 27880005 4 66 theme glabra 837:842 arg1 mutants 850:856 transparent testa glabra (ttg) mutants 819:856 transparent testa glabra (ttg) mutants 819:856 A positive correlation was observed between increased NO production and RHF induced by auxin in rhd6 and transparent testa glabra (ttg) mutants. 27880005 6 67 from profiles 1113:1120 arg1 rhd6 1125:1128 rhd6 1125:1128 rhd6 1125:1128 GSNO, but not auxin, restored the wild-type root glycome and transcriptome profiles in rhd6, modulating the expression of a large number of genes related to cell wall composition and metabolism, as well as those encoding ribosomal proteins, DNA and histone-modifying enzymes and proteins involved in post-translational modification. 27880005 3 68 theme mutant 706:711 arg1 phenotype 651:659 the root hair phenotype 637:659 the root hair phenotype of the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant 637:711 GSNO and auxin restored the root hair phenotype of the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant. 27880005 6 69 theme those 1244:1248 arg1 number 1168:1173 a large number 1160:1173 a large number of genes related to cell wall composition and metabolism, as well as those encoding ribosomal proteins, DNA and histone-modifying enzymes and proteins involved in post-translational modification 1160:1368 GSNO, but not auxin, restored the wild-type root glycome and transcriptome profiles in rhd6, modulating the expression of a large number of genes related to cell wall composition and metabolism, as well as those encoding ribosomal proteins, DNA and histone-modifying enzymes and proteins involved in post-translational modification. 27880005 2 70 used used 453:456 arg2 mutants 382:388 mutants 382:388 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered root hair phenotypes 382:446 Here, mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered root hair phenotypes were used to assess the involvement of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the primary NO source, in cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs. 27880005 7 71 theme cell 1423:1426 arg1 remodelling 1433:1443 cell wall remodelling 1423:1443 cell wall remodelling 1423:1443 Our results demonstrate that NO plays a key role in cell wall remodelling in trichoblasts and suggest that it also participates in chromatin modification in root cells of A. thaliana. 27880005 6 72 theme post-translational 1338:1355 arg1 modification 1357:1368 post-translational modification 1338:1368 post-translational modification 1338:1368 GSNO, but not auxin, restored the wild-type root glycome and transcriptome profiles in rhd6, modulating the expression of a large number of genes related to cell wall composition and metabolism, as well as those encoding ribosomal proteins, DNA and histone-modifying enzymes and proteins involved in post-translational modification. 27880005 0 73 theme transcriptional 64:78 arg1 profile 80:86 the transcriptional profile 60:86 the transcriptional profile 60:86 S-nitrosoglutathione promotes cell wall remodelling, alters the transcriptional profile and induces root hair formation in the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. 27880005 1 74 theme wall 297:300 arg1 modification 302:313 cell wall modification 292:313 cell wall modification 292:313 Nitric oxide (NO) exerts pleiotropic effects on plant development; however, its involvement in cell wall modification during root hair formation (RHF) has not yet been addressed. 27880005 2 75 dep wall 547:550 arg1 dynamics 552:559 dynamics 552:559 dynamics 552:559 Here, mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered root hair phenotypes were used to assess the involvement of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the primary NO source, in cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs. 27880005 3 76 theme rhd6 700:703 arg1 mutant 706:711 the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant 664:711 the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant 664:711 GSNO and auxin restored the root hair phenotype of the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant. 28984568 7 0 theme  1 ω7c 1026:1031 arg1 alcohol 1033:1039  1 ω7c alcohol 1026:1039  1 ω7c alcohol 1026:1039 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c alcohol. 28984568 2 1 theme bacterial 94:102 arg1 strains 104:110 Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains 70:110 Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains 70:110 Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, designated as 5L6T and 6L6, isolated from seeds of hybrid maize (Zea mays L., Jingke 968) were investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 28984568 4 2 theme Bacillus 589:596 arg1 A1-2T 607:611 Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T 589:611 Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %) 589:620 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 4 2 theme Bacillus 589:596 arg1 % 619:619 97.4 % 614:619 97.4 % 614:619 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 4 3 theme Bacillus 499:506 arg1 FJAT-18043T 515:525 Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T 499:525 Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity) 499:545 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 4 3 theme Bacillus 499:506 arg1 neighbours 484:493 the five closest neighbours 467:493 the five closest neighbours 467:493 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 4 3 theme Bacillus 499:506 arg1 similarity 535:544 99.8 % similarity 528:544 99.8 % similarity 528:544 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 2 4 theme Gram-stain-positive 74:92 arg1 strains 104:110 Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains 70:110 Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains 70:110 Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, designated as 5L6T and 6L6, isolated from seeds of hybrid maize (Zea mays L., Jingke 968) were investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 28984568 5 5 theme 37.4 mol 746:753 arg1 G+C content 715:725 The DNA G+C content 707:725 The DNA G+C content of strain 5L6T 707:740 The DNA G+C content of strain 5L6T was 37.4 mol%. 28984568 5 5 theme 37.4 mol 746:753 arg1 % 754:754 37.4 mol% 746:754 37.4 mol% 746:754 The DNA G+C content of strain 5L6T was 37.4 mol%. 28984568 9 6 theme fatty 1344:1348 arg1 acid 1350:1353 fatty acid 1344:1353 fatty acid analysis 1344:1362 Strains 5L6T and 6L6 were clearly distinguished from the type strains of related validly named species using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, peptidoglycan analysis and comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. 28984568 4 7 theme Phylogenetic 326:337 arg1 analysis 339:346 Phylogenetic analysis 326:346 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 326:379 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 1 8 theme maize 43:47 arg1 seeds 63:67 maize (Zea mays L.) seeds 43:67 maize (Zea mays L.) seeds 43:67 nov., isolated from maize (Zea mays L.) seeds. 28984568 9 9 dep Strains 1189:1195 arg1 Strains 1189:1195 Strains 5L6T and 6L6 1189:1208 Strains 5L6T and 6L6 1189:1208 Strains 5L6T and 6L6 were clearly distinguished from the type strains of related validly named species using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, peptidoglycan analysis and comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. 28984568 9 9 dep Strains 1189:1195 arg1 6L6 1206:1208 6L6 1206:1208 6L6 1206:1208 Strains 5L6T and 6L6 were clearly distinguished from the type strains of related validly named species using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, peptidoglycan analysis and comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. 28984568 9 9 dep Strains 1189:1195 arg1 5L6T 1197:1200 5L6T 1197:1200 5L6T 1197:1200 Strains 5L6T and 6L6 were clearly distinguished from the type strains of related validly named species using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, peptidoglycan analysis and comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. 28984568 9 10 theme peptidoglycan 1365:1377 arg1 analysis 1379:1386 peptidoglycan analysis 1365:1386 peptidoglycan analysis 1365:1386 Strains 5L6T and 6L6 were clearly distinguished from the type strains of related validly named species using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, peptidoglycan analysis and comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. 28984568 8 11 theme diaminopimelic 1146:1159 arg1 acid 1161:1164 diaminopimelic acid 1146:1164 diaminopimelic acid 1146:1164 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ornithine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine while diaminopimelic acid could not be detected. 28984568 4 12 theme solani 508:513 arg1 FJAT-18043T 515:525 Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T 499:525 Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity) 499:545 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 4 12 theme solani 508:513 arg1 neighbours 484:493 the five closest neighbours 467:493 the five closest neighbours 467:493 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 4 12 theme solani 508:513 arg1 similarity 535:544 99.8 % similarity 528:544 99.8 % similarity 528:544 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 12 13 theme 23855T=DSM 1680:1689 arg1 104513T 1691:1697 =KCTC 33663T=CICC 23855T=DSM 104513T 1662:1697 =KCTC 33663T=CICC 23855T=DSM 104513T 1662:1697 The type strain is 5L6T (=KCTC 33663T=CICC 23855T=DSM 104513T). 28984568 12 13 theme 23855T=DSM 1680:1689 arg1 5L6T 1656:1659 5L6T 1656:1659 5L6T (=KCTC 33663T=CICC 23855T=DSM 104513T) 1656:1698 The type strain is 5L6T (=KCTC 33663T=CICC 23855T=DSM 104513T). 28984568 10 14 theme novel 1541:1545 arg1 species 1547:1553 a novel species 1539:1553 a novel species 1539:1553 The genotypic and phenotypic data show that strains 5L6T and 6L6 represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillusciccensis sp. 28984568 8 15 contain contained 1070:1078 arg2 acid 1108:1111 aspartic acid 1099:1111 aspartic acid 1099:1111 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ornithine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine while diaminopimelic acid could not be detected. 28984568 8 15 contain contained 1070:1078 arg2 serine 1091:1096 serine 1091:1096 serine 1091:1096 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ornithine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine while diaminopimelic acid could not be detected. 28984568 8 15 contain contained 1070:1078 arg2 acid 1123:1126 glutamic acid 1114:1126 glutamic acid 1114:1126 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ornithine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine while diaminopimelic acid could not be detected. 28984568 8 15 contain contained 1070:1078 arg1 peptidoglycan 1056:1068 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1042:1068 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1042:1068 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ornithine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine while diaminopimelic acid could not be detected. 28984568 8 15 contain contained 1070:1078 arg2 alanine 1132:1138 alanine 1132:1138 alanine 1132:1138 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ornithine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine while diaminopimelic acid could not be detected. 28984568 8 15 contain contained 1070:1078 arg2 ornithine 1080:1088 ornithine 1080:1088 ornithine 1080:1088 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ornithine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine while diaminopimelic acid could not be detected. 28984568 9 16 theme species 1284:1290 arg1 strains 1251:1257 the type strains 1242:1257 the type strains of related validly named species 1242:1290 Strains 5L6T and 6L6 were clearly distinguished from the type strains of related validly named species using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, peptidoglycan analysis and comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. 28984568 1 17 theme Zea 50:52 arg1 maize 43:47 maize 43:47 maize (Zea mays L.) seeds 43:67 nov., isolated from maize (Zea mays L.) seeds. 28984568 1 17 theme Zea 50:52 arg1 L. 59:60 Zea mays L. 50:60 Zea mays L. 50:60 nov., isolated from maize (Zea mays L.) seeds. 28984568 10 18 theme phenotypic 1482:1491 arg1 data 1493:1496 The genotypic and phenotypic data 1464:1496 The genotypic and phenotypic data 1464:1496 The genotypic and phenotypic data show that strains 5L6T and 6L6 represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillusciccensis sp. 28984568 9 19 theme type 1246:1249 arg1 strains 1251:1257 the type strains 1242:1257 the type strains of related validly named species 1242:1290 Strains 5L6T and 6L6 were clearly distinguished from the type strains of related validly named species using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, peptidoglycan analysis and comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. 28984568 10 20 theme genotypic 1468:1476 arg1 data 1493:1496 The genotypic and phenotypic data 1464:1496 The genotypic and phenotypic data 1464:1496 The genotypic and phenotypic data show that strains 5L6T and 6L6 represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillusciccensis sp. 28984568 1 21 theme mays 54:57 arg1 maize 43:47 maize 43:47 maize (Zea mays L.) seeds 43:67 nov., isolated from maize (Zea mays L.) seeds. 28984568 1 21 theme mays 54:57 arg1 L. 59:60 Zea mays L. 50:60 Zea mays L. 50:60 nov., isolated from maize (Zea mays L.) seeds. 28984568 2 22 theme hybrid 164:169 arg1 maize 171:175 hybrid maize 164:175 hybrid maize (Zea mays L., Jingke 968) 164:201 Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, designated as 5L6T and 6L6, isolated from seeds of hybrid maize (Zea mays L., Jingke 968) were investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 28984568 2 22 theme hybrid 164:169 arg1 mays 182:185 Zea mays L., Jingke 968 178:200 Zea mays L., Jingke 968 178:200 Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, designated as 5L6T and 6L6, isolated from seeds of hybrid maize (Zea mays L., Jingke 968) were investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 28984568 4 23 theme DSM 568:570 arg1 23495T 572:577 Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T 548:577 Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %) 548:586 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 4 23 theme DSM 568:570 arg1 % 585:585 97.7 % 580:585 97.7 % 580:585 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 0 24 theme ciccensis 9:17 arg1 sp 19:20 Bacillus ciccensis sp 0:20 Bacillus ciccensis sp. 0:21 Bacillus ciccensis sp. 28984568 9 25 theme acid 1350:1353 arg1 analysis 1355:1362 fatty acid analysis 1344:1362 fatty acid analysis 1344:1362 Strains 5L6T and 6L6 were clearly distinguished from the type strains of related validly named species using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, peptidoglycan analysis and comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. 28984568 7 26 dep MK-7 909:912 arg1 anteiso-C15  958:969 anteiso-C15  958:969 anteiso-C15  958:969 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c alcohol. 28984568 7 26 dep MK-7 909:912 arg1  0 954:955  0 954:955  0 954:955 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c alcohol. 28984568 9 27 theme related 1262:1268 arg1 species 1284:1290 related validly named species 1262:1290 related validly named species 1262:1290 Strains 5L6T and 6L6 were clearly distinguished from the type strains of related validly named species using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, peptidoglycan analysis and comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. 28984568 0 28 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 19:20 Bacillus ciccensis sp 0:20 Bacillus ciccensis sp. 0:21 Bacillus ciccensis sp. 28984568 2 29 theme taxonomic 240:248 arg1 approach 250:257 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 227:257 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 227:257 Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, designated as 5L6T and 6L6, isolated from seeds of hybrid maize (Zea mays L., Jingke 968) were investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 28984568 4 30 dep Bacillus 548:555 arg1 horneckiae 557:566 horneckiae 557:566 horneckiae 557:566 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 8 31 theme glutamic 1114:1121 arg1 acid 1123:1126 glutamic acid 1114:1126 glutamic acid 1114:1126 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ornithine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine while diaminopimelic acid could not be detected. 28984568 8 31 theme glutamic 1114:1121 arg1 ornithine 1080:1088 ornithine 1080:1088 ornithine 1080:1088 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ornithine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine while diaminopimelic acid could not be detected. 28984568 9 32 theme biochemical 1435:1445 arg1 characteristics 1447:1461 physiological and biochemical characteristics 1417:1461 physiological and biochemical characteristics 1417:1461 Strains 5L6T and 6L6 were clearly distinguished from the type strains of related validly named species using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, peptidoglycan analysis and comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. 28984568 2 33 theme polyphasic 229:238 arg1 approach 250:257 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 227:257 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 227:257 Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, designated as 5L6T and 6L6, isolated from seeds of hybrid maize (Zea mays L., Jingke 968) were investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 28984568 10 34 dep strains 1508:1514 arg1 strains 1508:1514 strains 1508:1514 strains 5L6T and 6L6 1508:1527 The genotypic and phenotypic data show that strains 5L6T and 6L6 represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillusciccensis sp. 28984568 10 34 dep strains 1508:1514 arg1 6L6 1525:1527 6L6 1525:1527 6L6 1525:1527 The genotypic and phenotypic data show that strains 5L6T and 6L6 represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillusciccensis sp. 28984568 10 34 dep strains 1508:1514 arg1 5L6T 1516:1519 5L6T 1516:1519 5L6T 1516:1519 The genotypic and phenotypic data show that strains 5L6T and 6L6 represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillusciccensis sp. 28984568 9 35 theme named 1278:1282 arg1 species 1284:1290 related validly named species 1262:1290 related validly named species 1262:1290 Strains 5L6T and 6L6 were clearly distinguished from the type strains of related validly named species using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, peptidoglycan analysis and comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. 28984568 10 36 theme Bacillusciccensis 1597:1613 arg1 sp 1615:1616 the name Bacillusciccensis sp 1588:1616 the name Bacillusciccensis sp 1588:1616 The genotypic and phenotypic data show that strains 5L6T and 6L6 represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillusciccensis sp. 28984568 12 37 theme 33663T=CICC 1668:1678 arg1 104513T 1691:1697 =KCTC 33663T=CICC 23855T=DSM 104513T 1662:1697 =KCTC 33663T=CICC 23855T=DSM 104513T 1662:1697 The type strain is 5L6T (=KCTC 33663T=CICC 23855T=DSM 104513T). 28984568 12 37 theme 33663T=CICC 1668:1678 arg1 5L6T 1656:1659 5L6T 1656:1659 5L6T (=KCTC 33663T=CICC 23855T=DSM 104513T) 1656:1698 The type strain is 5L6T (=KCTC 33663T=CICC 23855T=DSM 104513T). 28984568 9 38 theme range 1408:1412 arg1 analysis 1379:1386 peptidoglycan analysis 1365:1386 peptidoglycan analysis 1365:1386 Strains 5L6T and 6L6 were clearly distinguished from the type strains of related validly named species using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, peptidoglycan analysis and comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. 28984568 9 38 theme range 1408:1412 arg1 analysis 1311:1318 phylogenetic analysis 1298:1318 phylogenetic analysis 1298:1318 Strains 5L6T and 6L6 were clearly distinguished from the type strains of related validly named species using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, peptidoglycan analysis and comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. 28984568 9 38 theme range 1408:1412 arg1 hybridization 1329:1341 DNA-DNA hybridization 1321:1341 DNA-DNA hybridization 1321:1341 Strains 5L6T and 6L6 were clearly distinguished from the type strains of related validly named species using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, peptidoglycan analysis and comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. 28984568 9 38 theme range 1408:1412 arg1 comparison 1392:1401 comparison 1392:1401 comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics 1392:1461 Strains 5L6T and 6L6 were clearly distinguished from the type strains of related validly named species using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, peptidoglycan analysis and comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. 28984568 9 38 theme range 1408:1412 arg1 analysis 1355:1362 fatty acid analysis 1344:1362 fatty acid analysis 1344:1362 Strains 5L6T and 6L6 were clearly distinguished from the type strains of related validly named species using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, peptidoglycan analysis and comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. 28984568 2 39 attach isolated 141:148 arg1 seeds 155:159 seeds 155:159 seeds of hybrid maize (Zea mays L., Jingke 968) 155:201 Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, designated as 5L6T and 6L6, isolated from seeds of hybrid maize (Zea mays L., Jingke 968) were investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 28984568 2 39 attach isolated 141:148 arg2 strains 104:110 Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains 70:110 Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains 70:110 Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, designated as 5L6T and 6L6, isolated from seeds of hybrid maize (Zea mays L., Jingke 968) were investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 28984568 7 40 dep  0 954:955 arg1 C16  1021:1024 C16  1021:1024 C16  1021:1024 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c alcohol. 28984568 7 40 dep  0 954:955 arg1  0 997:998  0 997:998  0 997:998 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c alcohol. 28984568 7 40 dep  0 954:955 arg1 anteiso-C17  1001:1012 anteiso-C17  1001:1012 anteiso-C17  1001:1012 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c alcohol. 28984568 7 40 dep  0 954:955 arg1 alcohol 1033:1039  1 ω7c alcohol 1026:1039  1 ω7c alcohol 1026:1039 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c alcohol. 28984568 7 40 dep  0 954:955 arg1  0 984:985  0 984:985  0 984:985 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c alcohol. 28984568 7 40 dep  0 954:955 arg1  0 1014:1015  0 1014:1015  0 1014:1015 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c alcohol. 28984568 7 40 dep  0 954:955 arg1  0 971:972  0 971:972  0 971:972 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c alcohol. 28984568 4 41 theme closest 476:482 arg1 FJAT-18043T 515:525 Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T 499:525 Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity) 499:545 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 4 41 theme closest 476:482 arg1 neighbours 484:493 the five closest neighbours 467:493 the five closest neighbours 467:493 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 8 42 theme aspartic 1099:1106 arg1 acid 1108:1111 aspartic acid 1099:1111 aspartic acid 1099:1111 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ornithine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine while diaminopimelic acid could not be detected. 28984568 8 42 theme aspartic 1099:1106 arg1 ornithine 1080:1088 ornithine 1080:1088 ornithine 1080:1088 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ornithine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine while diaminopimelic acid could not be detected. 28984568 9 43 theme physiological 1417:1429 arg1 characteristics 1447:1461 physiological and biochemical characteristics 1417:1461 physiological and biochemical characteristics 1417:1461 Strains 5L6T and 6L6 were clearly distinguished from the type strains of related validly named species using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, peptidoglycan analysis and comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. 28984568 2 44 dep mays 182:185 arg1 Jingke 191:196 Jingke 191:196 Jingke 191:196 Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, designated as 5L6T and 6L6, isolated from seeds of hybrid maize (Zea mays L., Jingke 968) were investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 28984568 8 45 theme cell-wall 1046:1054 arg1 peptidoglycan 1056:1068 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1042:1068 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1042:1068 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ornithine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine while diaminopimelic acid could not be detected. 28984568 2 46 theme Zea 178:180 arg1 maize 171:175 hybrid maize 164:175 hybrid maize (Zea mays L., Jingke 968) 164:201 Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, designated as 5L6T and 6L6, isolated from seeds of hybrid maize (Zea mays L., Jingke 968) were investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 28984568 2 46 theme Zea 178:180 arg1 mays 182:185 Zea mays L., Jingke 968 178:200 Zea mays L., Jingke 968 178:200 Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, designated as 5L6T and 6L6, isolated from seeds of hybrid maize (Zea mays L., Jingke 968) were investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 28984568 4 47 theme Bacillus 548:555 arg1 23495T 572:577 Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T 548:577 Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %) 548:586 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 4 47 theme Bacillus 548:555 arg1 % 585:585 97.7 % 580:585 97.7 % 580:585 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 4 48 theme Bacillus 448:455 arg1 species 427:433 a species 425:433 a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %) 425:704 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 4 48 theme Bacillus 448:455 arg1 isolates 397:404 the isolates 393:404 the isolates 393:404 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 7 49 theme major 922:926 arg1 iso-C15  945:952 iso-C15  945:952 iso-C15  945:952 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c alcohol. 28984568 7 49 theme major 922:926 arg1 acids 934:938 the major fatty acids 918:938 the major fatty acids 918:938 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c alcohol. 28984568 12 50 theme type 1641:1644 arg1 5L6T 1656:1659 5L6T 1656:1659 5L6T (=KCTC 33663T=CICC 23855T=DSM 104513T) 1656:1698 The type strain is 5L6T (=KCTC 33663T=CICC 23855T=DSM 104513T). 28984568 12 50 theme type 1641:1644 arg1 strain 1646:1651 The type strain 1637:1651 The type strain 1637:1651 The type strain is 5L6T (=KCTC 33663T=CICC 23855T=DSM 104513T). 28984568 4 51 dep Bacillus 623:630 arg1 kochii 632:637 kochii 632:637 kochii 632:637 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 7 52 theme fatty 928:932 arg1 iso-C15  945:952 iso-C15  945:952 iso-C15  945:952 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c alcohol. 28984568 7 52 theme fatty 928:932 arg1 acids 934:938 the major fatty acids 918:938 the major fatty acids 918:938 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c alcohol. 28984568 4 53 theme rRNA 361:364 arg1 sequences 371:379 16S rRNA gene sequences 357:379 16S rRNA gene sequences 357:379 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 2 54 theme maize 171:175 arg1 seeds 155:159 seeds 155:159 seeds of hybrid maize (Zea mays L., Jingke 968) 155:201 Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, designated as 5L6T and 6L6, isolated from seeds of hybrid maize (Zea mays L., Jingke 968) were investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 28984568 7 55 theme respiratory 885:895 arg1 quinone 897:903 The predominant respiratory quinone 869:903 The predominant respiratory quinone 869:903 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c alcohol. 28984568 7 55 theme respiratory 885:895 arg1 MK-7 909:912 MK-7 909:912 MK-7 909:912 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c alcohol. 28984568 6 56 theme lipid 767:771 arg1 profile 773:779 Its polar lipid profile 757:779 Its polar lipid profile 757:779 Its polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 28984568 12 57 theme =KCTC 1662:1666 arg1 104513T 1691:1697 =KCTC 33663T=CICC 23855T=DSM 104513T 1662:1697 =KCTC 33663T=CICC 23855T=DSM 104513T 1662:1697 The type strain is 5L6T (=KCTC 33663T=CICC 23855T=DSM 104513T). 28984568 12 57 theme =KCTC 1662:1666 arg1 5L6T 1656:1659 5L6T 1656:1659 5L6T (=KCTC 33663T=CICC 23855T=DSM 104513T) 1656:1698 The type strain is 5L6T (=KCTC 33663T=CICC 23855T=DSM 104513T). 28984568 4 58 theme 16S 357:359 arg1 sequences 371:379 16S rRNA gene sequences 357:379 16S rRNA gene sequences 357:379 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 9 59 theme characteristics 1447:1461 arg1 range 1408:1412 a range 1406:1412 a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics 1406:1461 Strains 5L6T and 6L6 were clearly distinguished from the type strains of related validly named species using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, peptidoglycan analysis and comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. 28984568 4 60 theme Bacillus 662:669 arg1 DS22T 691:695 Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T 662:695 Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %) 662:704 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 4 60 theme Bacillus 662:669 arg1 % 703:703 97.0 % 698:703 97.0 % 698:703 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 9 61 theme DNA-DNA 1321:1327 arg1 hybridization 1329:1341 DNA-DNA hybridization 1321:1341 DNA-DNA hybridization 1321:1341 Strains 5L6T and 6L6 were clearly distinguished from the type strains of related validly named species using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, peptidoglycan analysis and comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. 28984568 4 62 theme Bacillus 623:630 arg1 4582T 643:647 Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T 623:647 Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) 623:656 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 4 62 theme Bacillus 623:630 arg1 % 655:655 97.1 % 650:655 97.1 % 650:655 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 4 63 theme 99.8  528:532 arg1 FJAT-18043T 515:525 Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T 499:525 Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity) 499:545 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 4 63 theme 99.8  528:532 arg1 similarity 535:544 99.8 % similarity 528:544 99.8 % similarity 528:544 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 10 64 theme Bacillus 1568:1575 arg1 species 1547:1553 a novel species 1539:1553 a novel species 1539:1553 The genotypic and phenotypic data show that strains 5L6T and 6L6 represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillusciccensis sp. 28984568 4 65 theme WCC 639:641 arg1 4582T 643:647 Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T 623:647 Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) 623:656 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 4 65 theme WCC 639:641 arg1 % 655:655 97.1 % 650:655 97.1 % 650:655 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 5 66 theme 5L6T 737:740 arg1 G+C content 715:725 The DNA G+C content 707:725 The DNA G+C content of strain 5L6T 707:740 The DNA G+C content of strain 5L6T was 37.4 mol%. 28984568 5 66 theme 5L6T 737:740 arg1 % 754:754 37.4 mol% 746:754 37.4 mol% 746:754 The DNA G+C content of strain 5L6T was 37.4 mol%. 28984568 10 67 theme name 1592:1595 arg1 sp 1615:1616 the name Bacillusciccensis sp 1588:1616 the name Bacillusciccensis sp 1588:1616 The genotypic and phenotypic data show that strains 5L6T and 6L6 represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillusciccensis sp. 28984568 9 68 theme phylogenetic 1298:1309 arg1 analysis 1311:1318 phylogenetic analysis 1298:1318 phylogenetic analysis 1298:1318 Strains 5L6T and 6L6 were clearly distinguished from the type strains of related validly named species using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, peptidoglycan analysis and comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. 28984568 4 69 theme gene 366:369 arg1 sequences 371:379 16S rRNA gene sequences 357:379 16S rRNA gene sequences 357:379 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 7 70 theme predominant 873:883 arg1 quinone 897:903 The predominant respiratory quinone 869:903 The predominant respiratory quinone 869:903 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c alcohol. 28984568 7 70 theme predominant 873:883 arg1 MK-7 909:912 MK-7 909:912 MK-7 909:912 The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c alcohol. 28984568 5 71 theme strain 730:735 arg1 5L6T 737:740 strain 5L6T 730:740 strain 5L6T 730:740 The DNA G+C content of strain 5L6T was 37.4 mol%. 28984568 5 72 theme DNA 711:713 arg1 G+C content 715:725 The DNA G+C content 707:725 The DNA G+C content of strain 5L6T 707:740 The DNA G+C content of strain 5L6T was 37.4 mol%. 28984568 5 72 theme DNA 711:713 arg1 % 754:754 37.4 mol% 746:754 37.4 mol% 746:754 The DNA G+C content of strain 5L6T was 37.4 mol%. 28984568 6 73 theme polar 761:765 arg1 profile 773:779 Its polar lipid profile 757:779 Its polar lipid profile 757:779 Its polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 28984568 4 74 dep Bacillus 662:669 arg1 purgationiresistens 671:689 purgationiresistens 671:689 purgationiresistens 671:689 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 4 75 dep Bacillus 589:596 arg1 eiseniae 598:605 eiseniae 598:605 eiseniae 598:605 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 4 76 theme % 533:533 arg1 FJAT-18043T 515:525 Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T 499:525 Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity) 499:545 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 28984568 4 76 theme % 533:533 arg1 similarity 535:544 99.8 % similarity 528:544 99.8 % similarity 528:544 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). 27278224 3 0 theme triterpene 764:773 arg1 derivatives 785:795 triterpene glycoside derivatives 764:795 triterpene glycoside derivatives 764:795 The data from the chemical analyses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry led to tentative identification of 42 compounds belonging to proanthocyanidins, galloyl quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and triterpene glycoside derivatives. 27278224 1 1 theme medicinal 169:177 arg1 species 179:185 some medicinal species 164:185 some medicinal species that are commonly found in the Brazilian Cerrado 164:234 An ethnopharmacological survey indicates that the genus Byrsonima has some medicinal species that are commonly found in the Brazilian Cerrado and has been used as an anti-inflammatory and for gastroduodenal disorders. 27278224 3 2 theme derivatives 735:745 arg1 identification 652:665 tentative identification 642:665 tentative identification of 42 compounds belonging to proanthocyanidins, galloyl quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and triterpene glycoside derivatives 642:795 The data from the chemical analyses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry led to tentative identification of 42 compounds belonging to proanthocyanidins, galloyl quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and triterpene glycoside derivatives. 27278224 5 3 theme significant 955:965 arg1 reduction 967:975 a significant reduction 953:975 a significant reduction in paw edema 953:988 The methanolic extract administered intraperitoneally at doses of 50, 100, or 300 mg/kg showed a significant reduction in paw edema and modulated the neutrophil influx in a mouse model. 27278224 8 4 theme present 1373:1379 arg1 compounds 1363:1371 compounds 1363:1371 compounds present in B. verbascifolia 1363:1399 We presume that the anti-inflammatory effects of BvME are due to a combination of compounds present in B. verbascifolia, including catechins (procyanidins), flavonoids, and triterpene glycosides and that these anti-inflammatory actions should be mediated, at least partly, through the inhibition of NO production. 27278224 5 5 from reduction 967:975 arg1 edema 984:988 paw edema 980:988 paw edema 980:988 The methanolic extract administered intraperitoneally at doses of 50, 100, or 300 mg/kg showed a significant reduction in paw edema and modulated the neutrophil influx in a mouse model. 27278224 3 6 theme glycoside 775:783 arg1 derivatives 785:795 triterpene glycoside derivatives 764:795 triterpene glycoside derivatives 764:795 The data from the chemical analyses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry led to tentative identification of 42 compounds belonging to proanthocyanidins, galloyl quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and triterpene glycoside derivatives. 27278224 2 7 theme anti-inflammatory 354:370 arg1 activity 388:395 the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity 350:395 the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity 350:395 The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity along with qualitative chemical characterization of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia (BvME) obtained by exhaustive percolation. 27278224 5 8 theme 100 928:930 arg1 doses 915:919 doses 915:919 doses of 50, 100, or 300 mg/kg 915:944 The methanolic extract administered intraperitoneally at doses of 50, 100, or 300 mg/kg showed a significant reduction in paw edema and modulated the neutrophil influx in a mouse model. 27278224 2 9 theme exhaustive 532:541 arg1 percolation 543:553 exhaustive percolation 532:553 exhaustive percolation 532:553 The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity along with qualitative chemical characterization of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia (BvME) obtained by exhaustive percolation. 27278224 3 10 theme derivatives 785:795 arg1 identification 652:665 tentative identification 642:665 tentative identification of 42 compounds belonging to proanthocyanidins, galloyl quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and triterpene glycoside derivatives 642:795 The data from the chemical analyses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry led to tentative identification of 42 compounds belonging to proanthocyanidins, galloyl quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and triterpene glycoside derivatives. 27278224 4 11 theme antioxidative 834:846 arg1 activity 848:855 an antioxidative activity 831:855 an antioxidative activity 831:855 BvME contain flavonoids and show an antioxidative activity. 27278224 9 12 dep ethnopharmacological 1633:1652 arg1 uses 1654:1657 uses 1654:1657 uses 1654:1657 This study supports and validates the ethnopharmacological uses of B. verbascifolia as an anti-inflammatory. 27278224 2 13 theme qualitative 408:418 arg1 characterization 429:444 qualitative chemical characterization 408:444 qualitative chemical characterization of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia (BvME) obtained by exhaustive percolation 408:553 The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity along with qualitative chemical characterization of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia (BvME) obtained by exhaustive percolation. 27278224 5 14 theme methanolic 862:871 arg1 extract 873:879 The methanolic extract 858:879 The methanolic extract administered intraperitoneally at doses of 50, 100, or 300 mg/kg 858:944 The methanolic extract administered intraperitoneally at doses of 50, 100, or 300 mg/kg showed a significant reduction in paw edema and modulated the neutrophil influx in a mouse model. 27278224 8 15 theme NO 1580:1581 arg1 production 1583:1592 NO production 1580:1592 NO production 1580:1592 We presume that the anti-inflammatory effects of BvME are due to a combination of compounds present in B. verbascifolia, including catechins (procyanidins), flavonoids, and triterpene glycosides and that these anti-inflammatory actions should be mediated, at least partly, through the inhibition of NO production. 27278224 7 16 theme NO 1221:1222 arg1 production 1224:1233 NO production 1221:1233 NO production 1221:1233 The extract inhibited NO production by macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide. 27278224 6 17 dep doses 1123:1127 arg1 25 mg/kg 1139:1146 25 mg/kg 1139:1146 25 mg/kg 1139:1146 Furthermore, the anti-edematogenic activity of the extract provided in smaller doses (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) was also demonstrated in a mouse paw edema model. 27278224 6 17 dep doses 1123:1127 arg1 12.5 1130:1133 12.5 1130:1133 12.5 1130:1133 Furthermore, the anti-edematogenic activity of the extract provided in smaller doses (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) was also demonstrated in a mouse paw edema model. 27278224 2 18 theme the 475:477 arg1 extract 464:470 the methanolic extract 449:470 the methanolic extract of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia (BvME) obtained by exhaustive percolation 449:553 The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity along with qualitative chemical characterization of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia (BvME) obtained by exhaustive percolation. 27278224 1 19 contain has 160:162 arg2 species 179:185 some medicinal species 164:185 some medicinal species that are commonly found in the Brazilian Cerrado 164:234 An ethnopharmacological survey indicates that the genus Byrsonima has some medicinal species that are commonly found in the Brazilian Cerrado and has been used as an anti-inflammatory and for gastroduodenal disorders. 27278224 1 19 contain has 160:162 arg1 Byrsonima 150:158 the genus Byrsonima 140:158 the genus Byrsonima 140:158 An ethnopharmacological survey indicates that the genus Byrsonima has some medicinal species that are commonly found in the Brazilian Cerrado and has been used as an anti-inflammatory and for gastroduodenal disorders. 27278224 1 19 contain has 160:162 arg1 anti-inflammatory 260:276 anti-inflammatory 260:276 anti-inflammatory 260:276 An ethnopharmacological survey indicates that the genus Byrsonima has some medicinal species that are commonly found in the Brazilian Cerrado and has been used as an anti-inflammatory and for gastroduodenal disorders. 27278224 2 20 dep the 475:477 arg1 leaves 479:484 leaves 479:484 leaves 479:484 The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity along with qualitative chemical characterization of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia (BvME) obtained by exhaustive percolation. 27278224 8 21 from present 1373:1379 arg1 verbascifolia 1387:1399 B. verbascifolia 1384:1399 B. verbascifolia 1384:1399 We presume that the anti-inflammatory effects of BvME are due to a combination of compounds present in B. verbascifolia, including catechins (procyanidins), flavonoids, and triterpene glycosides and that these anti-inflammatory actions should be mediated, at least partly, through the inhibition of NO production. 27278224 5 22 theme neutrophil 1008:1017 arg1 influx 1019:1024 the neutrophil influx 1004:1024 the neutrophil influx in a mouse model 1004:1041 The methanolic extract administered intraperitoneally at doses of 50, 100, or 300 mg/kg showed a significant reduction in paw edema and modulated the neutrophil influx in a mouse model. 27278224 8 23 theme anti-inflammatory 1301:1317 arg1 due 1339:1341 due 1339:1341 due 1339:1341 We presume that the anti-inflammatory effects of BvME are due to a combination of compounds present in B. verbascifolia, including catechins (procyanidins), flavonoids, and triterpene glycosides and that these anti-inflammatory actions should be mediated, at least partly, through the inhibition of NO production. 27278224 8 23 theme anti-inflammatory 1301:1317 arg1 effects 1319:1325 the anti-inflammatory effects 1297:1325 the anti-inflammatory effects of BvME 1297:1333 We presume that the anti-inflammatory effects of BvME are due to a combination of compounds present in B. verbascifolia, including catechins (procyanidins), flavonoids, and triterpene glycosides and that these anti-inflammatory actions should be mediated, at least partly, through the inhibition of NO production. 27278224 0 24 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 composition 9:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia. 27278224 4 25 contain contain 803:809 arg2 flavonoids 811:820 flavonoids 811:820 flavonoids 811:820 BvME contain flavonoids and show an antioxidative activity. 27278224 4 25 contain contain 803:809 arg1 BvME 798:801 BvME 798:801 BvME 798:801 BvME contain flavonoids and show an antioxidative activity. 27278224 1 26 theme ethnopharmacological 97:116 arg1 survey 118:123 An ethnopharmacological survey 94:123 An ethnopharmacological survey 94:123 An ethnopharmacological survey indicates that the genus Byrsonima has some medicinal species that are commonly found in the Brazilian Cerrado and has been used as an anti-inflammatory and for gastroduodenal disorders. 27278224 5 27 theme 300 mg/kg 936:944 arg1 doses 915:919 doses 915:919 doses of 50, 100, or 300 mg/kg 915:944 The methanolic extract administered intraperitoneally at doses of 50, 100, or 300 mg/kg showed a significant reduction in paw edema and modulated the neutrophil influx in a mouse model. 27278224 0 28 theme anti-inflammatory 25:41 arg1 activity 43:50 anti-inflammatory activity 25:50 anti-inflammatory activity 25:50 Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia. 27278224 1 29 theme gastroduodenal 286:299 arg1 disorders 301:309 gastroduodenal disorders 286:309 gastroduodenal disorders 286:309 An ethnopharmacological survey indicates that the genus Byrsonima has some medicinal species that are commonly found in the Brazilian Cerrado and has been used as an anti-inflammatory and for gastroduodenal disorders. 27278224 3 30 theme chemical 574:581 arg1 analyses 583:590 the chemical analyses 570:590 the chemical analyses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 570:633 The data from the chemical analyses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry led to tentative identification of 42 compounds belonging to proanthocyanidins, galloyl quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and triterpene glycoside derivatives. 27278224 6 31 theme smaller 1115:1121 arg1 doses 1123:1127 smaller doses 1115:1127 smaller doses (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) 1115:1147 Furthermore, the anti-edematogenic activity of the extract provided in smaller doses (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) was also demonstrated in a mouse paw edema model. 27278224 2 32 theme methanolic 453:462 arg1 extract 464:470 the methanolic extract 449:470 the methanolic extract of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia (BvME) obtained by exhaustive percolation 449:553 The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity along with qualitative chemical characterization of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia (BvME) obtained by exhaustive percolation. 27278224 5 33 theme mouse 1031:1035 arg1 model 1037:1041 a mouse model 1029:1041 a mouse model 1029:1041 The methanolic extract administered intraperitoneally at doses of 50, 100, or 300 mg/kg showed a significant reduction in paw edema and modulated the neutrophil influx in a mouse model. 27278224 8 34 theme anti-inflammatory 1491:1507 arg1 actions 1509:1515 these anti-inflammatory actions 1485:1515 these anti-inflammatory actions 1485:1515 We presume that the anti-inflammatory effects of BvME are due to a combination of compounds present in B. verbascifolia, including catechins (procyanidins), flavonoids, and triterpene glycosides and that these anti-inflammatory actions should be mediated, at least partly, through the inhibition of NO production. 27278224 6 35 theme paw 1182:1184 arg1 model 1192:1196 a mouse paw edema model 1174:1196 a mouse paw edema model 1174:1196 Furthermore, the anti-edematogenic activity of the extract provided in smaller doses (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) was also demonstrated in a mouse paw edema model. 27278224 8 36 theme compounds 1363:1371 arg1 combination 1348:1358 a combination 1346:1358 a combination 1346:1358 We presume that the anti-inflammatory effects of BvME are due to a combination of compounds present in B. verbascifolia, including catechins (procyanidins), flavonoids, and triterpene glycosides and that these anti-inflammatory actions should be mediated, at least partly, through the inhibition of NO production. 27278224 5 37 theme paw 980:982 arg1 edema 984:988 paw edema 980:988 paw edema 980:988 The methanolic extract administered intraperitoneally at doses of 50, 100, or 300 mg/kg showed a significant reduction in paw edema and modulated the neutrophil influx in a mouse model. 27278224 5 38 theme 50 924:925 arg1 doses 915:919 doses 915:919 doses of 50, 100, or 300 mg/kg 915:944 The methanolic extract administered intraperitoneally at doses of 50, 100, or 300 mg/kg showed a significant reduction in paw edema and modulated the neutrophil influx in a mouse model. 27278224 1 39 theme Brazilian 218:226 arg1 Cerrado 228:234 the Brazilian Cerrado 214:234 the Brazilian Cerrado 214:234 An ethnopharmacological survey indicates that the genus Byrsonima has some medicinal species that are commonly found in the Brazilian Cerrado and has been used as an anti-inflammatory and for gastroduodenal disorders. 27278224 2 40 theme Byrsonima 489:497 arg1 BvME 514:517 BvME 514:517 BvME 514:517 The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity along with qualitative chemical characterization of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia (BvME) obtained by exhaustive percolation. 27278224 2 40 theme Byrsonima 489:497 arg1 verbascifolia 499:511 Byrsonima verbascifolia 489:511 Byrsonima verbascifolia (BvME) obtained by exhaustive percolation 489:553 The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity along with qualitative chemical characterization of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia (BvME) obtained by exhaustive percolation. 27278224 1 41 located found 205:209 arg2 species 179:185 some medicinal species 164:185 some medicinal species that are commonly found in the Brazilian Cerrado 164:234 An ethnopharmacological survey indicates that the genus Byrsonima has some medicinal species that are commonly found in the Brazilian Cerrado and has been used as an anti-inflammatory and for gastroduodenal disorders. 27278224 1 41 located found 205:209 arg1 Cerrado 228:234 the Brazilian Cerrado 214:234 the Brazilian Cerrado 214:234 An ethnopharmacological survey indicates that the genus Byrsonima has some medicinal species that are commonly found in the Brazilian Cerrado and has been used as an anti-inflammatory and for gastroduodenal disorders. 27278224 2 42 theme extract 464:470 arg1 characterization 429:444 qualitative chemical characterization 408:444 qualitative chemical characterization of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia (BvME) obtained by exhaustive percolation 408:553 The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity along with qualitative chemical characterization of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia (BvME) obtained by exhaustive percolation. 27278224 2 43 theme chemical 420:427 arg1 characterization 429:444 qualitative chemical characterization 408:444 qualitative chemical characterization of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia (BvME) obtained by exhaustive percolation 408:553 The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity along with qualitative chemical characterization of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia (BvME) obtained by exhaustive percolation. 27278224 6 44 theme extract 1095:1101 arg1 activity 1079:1086 the anti-edematogenic activity 1057:1086 the anti-edematogenic activity of the extract provided in smaller doses (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) 1057:1147 Furthermore, the anti-edematogenic activity of the extract provided in smaller doses (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) was also demonstrated in a mouse paw edema model. 27278224 8 45 theme production 1583:1592 arg1 inhibition 1566:1575 the inhibition 1562:1575 the inhibition of NO production 1562:1592 We presume that the anti-inflammatory effects of BvME are due to a combination of compounds present in B. verbascifolia, including catechins (procyanidins), flavonoids, and triterpene glycosides and that these anti-inflammatory actions should be mediated, at least partly, through the inhibition of NO production. 27278224 3 46 theme chromatography-mass 602:620 arg1 spectrometry 622:633 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 595:633 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 595:633 The data from the chemical analyses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry led to tentative identification of 42 compounds belonging to proanthocyanidins, galloyl quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and triterpene glycoside derivatives. 27278224 6 47 theme mouse 1176:1180 arg1 model 1192:1196 a mouse paw edema model 1174:1196 a mouse paw edema model 1174:1196 Furthermore, the anti-edematogenic activity of the extract provided in smaller doses (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) was also demonstrated in a mouse paw edema model. 27278224 0 48 theme the 55:57 arg1 composition 9:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia. 27278224 0 48 theme the 55:57 arg1 activity 43:50 anti-inflammatory activity 25:50 anti-inflammatory activity 25:50 Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia. 27278224 1 49 used used 249:252 arg2 anti-inflammatory 260:276 anti-inflammatory 260:276 anti-inflammatory 260:276 An ethnopharmacological survey indicates that the genus Byrsonima has some medicinal species that are commonly found in the Brazilian Cerrado and has been used as an anti-inflammatory and for gastroduodenal disorders. 27278224 1 49 used used 249:252 arg2 Byrsonima 150:158 the genus Byrsonima 140:158 the genus Byrsonima 140:158 An ethnopharmacological survey indicates that the genus Byrsonima has some medicinal species that are commonly found in the Brazilian Cerrado and has been used as an anti-inflammatory and for gastroduodenal disorders. 27278224 6 50 theme edema 1186:1190 arg1 model 1192:1196 a mouse paw edema model 1174:1196 a mouse paw edema model 1174:1196 Furthermore, the anti-edematogenic activity of the extract provided in smaller doses (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) was also demonstrated in a mouse paw edema model. 27278224 3 51 theme compounds 673:681 arg1 identification 652:665 tentative identification 642:665 tentative identification of 42 compounds belonging to proanthocyanidins, galloyl quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and triterpene glycoside derivatives 642:795 The data from the chemical analyses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry led to tentative identification of 42 compounds belonging to proanthocyanidins, galloyl quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and triterpene glycoside derivatives. 27278224 8 52 attach present 1373:1379 arg2 compounds 1363:1371 compounds 1363:1371 compounds present in B. verbascifolia 1363:1399 We presume that the anti-inflammatory effects of BvME are due to a combination of compounds present in B. verbascifolia, including catechins (procyanidins), flavonoids, and triterpene glycosides and that these anti-inflammatory actions should be mediated, at least partly, through the inhibition of NO production. 27278224 8 52 attach present 1373:1379 arg1 verbascifolia 1387:1399 B. verbascifolia 1384:1399 B. verbascifolia 1384:1399 We presume that the anti-inflammatory effects of BvME are due to a combination of compounds present in B. verbascifolia, including catechins (procyanidins), flavonoids, and triterpene glycosides and that these anti-inflammatory actions should be mediated, at least partly, through the inhibition of NO production. 27278224 3 53 theme acid 730:733 arg1 derivatives 735:745 galloyl quinic acid derivatives 715:745 galloyl quinic acid derivatives 715:745 The data from the chemical analyses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry led to tentative identification of 42 compounds belonging to proanthocyanidins, galloyl quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and triterpene glycoside derivatives. 27278224 9 54 theme verbascifolia 1665:1677 arg1 ethnopharmacological 1633:1652 ethnopharmacological 1633:1652 ethnopharmacological 1633:1652 This study supports and validates the ethnopharmacological uses of B. verbascifolia as an anti-inflammatory. 27278224 9 54 theme verbascifolia 1665:1677 arg1 anti-inflammatory 1685:1701 anti-inflammatory 1685:1701 anti-inflammatory 1685:1701 This study supports and validates the ethnopharmacological uses of B. verbascifolia as an anti-inflammatory. 27278224 1 55 theme genus 144:148 arg1 Byrsonima 150:158 the genus Byrsonima 140:158 the genus Byrsonima 140:158 An ethnopharmacological survey indicates that the genus Byrsonima has some medicinal species that are commonly found in the Brazilian Cerrado and has been used as an anti-inflammatory and for gastroduodenal disorders. 27278224 1 55 theme genus 144:148 arg1 anti-inflammatory 260:276 anti-inflammatory 260:276 anti-inflammatory 260:276 An ethnopharmacological survey indicates that the genus Byrsonima has some medicinal species that are commonly found in the Brazilian Cerrado and has been used as an anti-inflammatory and for gastroduodenal disorders. 27278224 3 56 from analyses 583:590 arg1 data 560:563 The data 556:563 The data from the chemical analyses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 556:633 The data from the chemical analyses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry led to tentative identification of 42 compounds belonging to proanthocyanidins, galloyl quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and triterpene glycoside derivatives. 27278224 8 57 theme BvME 1330:1333 arg1 due 1339:1341 due 1339:1341 due 1339:1341 We presume that the anti-inflammatory effects of BvME are due to a combination of compounds present in B. verbascifolia, including catechins (procyanidins), flavonoids, and triterpene glycosides and that these anti-inflammatory actions should be mediated, at least partly, through the inhibition of NO production. 27278224 8 57 theme BvME 1330:1333 arg1 effects 1319:1325 the anti-inflammatory effects 1297:1325 the anti-inflammatory effects of BvME 1297:1333 We presume that the anti-inflammatory effects of BvME are due to a combination of compounds present in B. verbascifolia, including catechins (procyanidins), flavonoids, and triterpene glycosides and that these anti-inflammatory actions should be mediated, at least partly, through the inhibition of NO production. 27278224 8 58 theme triterpene 1454:1463 arg1 glycosides 1465:1474 triterpene glycosides 1454:1474 triterpene glycosides 1454:1474 We presume that the anti-inflammatory effects of BvME are due to a combination of compounds present in B. verbascifolia, including catechins (procyanidins), flavonoids, and triterpene glycosides and that these anti-inflammatory actions should be mediated, at least partly, through the inhibition of NO production. 27278224 2 59 theme study 328:332 arg1 aim 316:318 The aim 312:318 The aim of this study 312:332 The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity along with qualitative chemical characterization of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia (BvME) obtained by exhaustive percolation. 27278224 8 60 from verbascifolia 1387:1399 arg1 present 1373:1379 present 1373:1379 present 1373:1379 We presume that the anti-inflammatory effects of BvME are due to a combination of compounds present in B. verbascifolia, including catechins (procyanidins), flavonoids, and triterpene glycosides and that these anti-inflammatory actions should be mediated, at least partly, through the inhibition of NO production. 27278224 0 61 theme Byrsonima 69:77 arg1 verbascifolia 79:91 Byrsonima verbascifolia 69:91 Byrsonima verbascifolia 69:91 Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia. 27278224 3 62 theme galloyl 715:721 arg1 derivatives 735:745 galloyl quinic acid derivatives 715:745 galloyl quinic acid derivatives 715:745 The data from the chemical analyses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry led to tentative identification of 42 compounds belonging to proanthocyanidins, galloyl quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and triterpene glycoside derivatives. 27278224 3 63 theme tentative 642:650 arg1 identification 652:665 tentative identification 642:665 tentative identification of 42 compounds belonging to proanthocyanidins, galloyl quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and triterpene glycoside derivatives 642:795 The data from the chemical analyses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry led to tentative identification of 42 compounds belonging to proanthocyanidins, galloyl quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and triterpene glycoside derivatives. 27278224 2 64 theme antioxidant 376:386 arg1 activity 388:395 the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity 350:395 the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity 350:395 The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity along with qualitative chemical characterization of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia (BvME) obtained by exhaustive percolation. 27278224 5 65 from influx 1019:1024 arg1 model 1037:1041 a mouse model 1029:1041 a mouse model 1029:1041 The methanolic extract administered intraperitoneally at doses of 50, 100, or 300 mg/kg showed a significant reduction in paw edema and modulated the neutrophil influx in a mouse model. 27278224 3 66 theme quinic 723:728 arg1 derivatives 735:745 galloyl quinic acid derivatives 715:745 galloyl quinic acid derivatives 715:745 The data from the chemical analyses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry led to tentative identification of 42 compounds belonging to proanthocyanidins, galloyl quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and triterpene glycoside derivatives. 27278224 3 67 theme flavonoids 748:757 arg1 identification 652:665 tentative identification 642:665 tentative identification of 42 compounds belonging to proanthocyanidins, galloyl quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and triterpene glycoside derivatives 642:795 The data from the chemical analyses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry led to tentative identification of 42 compounds belonging to proanthocyanidins, galloyl quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and triterpene glycoside derivatives. 27278224 3 68 theme liquid 595:600 arg1 spectrometry 622:633 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 595:633 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 595:633 The data from the chemical analyses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry led to tentative identification of 42 compounds belonging to proanthocyanidins, galloyl quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and triterpene glycoside derivatives. 27278224 6 69 theme anti-edematogenic 1061:1077 arg1 activity 1079:1086 the anti-edematogenic activity 1057:1086 the anti-edematogenic activity of the extract provided in smaller doses (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) 1057:1147 Furthermore, the anti-edematogenic activity of the extract provided in smaller doses (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) was also demonstrated in a mouse paw edema model. 26365262 10 0 theme composition 1445:1455 arg1 effects 1429:1435 effects 1429:1435 effects of diet composition on oxidative status 1429:1475 Overall, effects of diet composition on oxidative status were tissue-related: the liver and intestine were strongly responsive to dietary carbohydrates and lipid sources, respectively. 26365262 9 1 theme fish 1401:1404 arg1 diets 1413:1417 fish fed VO diets 1401:1417 fish fed VO diets 1401:1417 GPX and GR activities were increased in the intestine of fish fed VO diets. 26365262 1 2 theme European 251:258 arg1 bass 264:267 European sea bass 251:267 European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles 251:300 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content on the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 1 2 theme European 251:258 arg1 labrax 284:289 Dicentrarchus labrax 270:289 Dicentrarchus labrax 270:289 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content on the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 9 3 theme VO 1410:1411 arg1 diets 1413:1417 fish fed VO diets 1401:1417 fish fed VO diets 1401:1417 GPX and GR activities were increased in the intestine of fish fed VO diets. 26365262 3 4 dep Liver 504:508 arg1 dehydrogenase 677:689 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 657:689 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) 657:696 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 3 4 dep Liver 504:508 arg1 activities 543:552 antioxidant enzyme activities 524:552 antioxidant enzyme activities 524:552 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 3 4 dep Liver 504:508 arg1 peroxidase 611:620 glutathione peroxidase 599:620 glutathione peroxidase (GPX) 599:626 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 3 4 dep Liver 504:508 arg1 reductase 641:649 glutathione reductase 629:649 glutathione reductase (GR) 629:654 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 3 4 dep Liver 504:508 arg1 catalase 555:562 catalase 555:562 catalase (CAT) 555:568 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 3 4 dep Liver 504:508 arg1 dismutase 582:590 superoxide dismutase 571:590 superoxide dismutase (SOD) 571:596 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 3 4 dep Liver 504:508 arg1 CAT 565:567 CAT 565:567 CAT 565:567 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 7 5 from GR 1222:1223 arg1 liver 1212:1216 the liver 1208:1216 the liver 1208:1216 Enzymes responsive to dietary treatments were GR, G6PD and CAT in the liver and GR and GPX in the intestine. 26365262 7 5 from GR 1222:1223 arg1 intestine 1240:1248 the intestine 1236:1248 the intestine 1236:1248 Enzymes responsive to dietary treatments were GR, G6PD and CAT in the liver and GR and GPX in the intestine. 26365262 10 6 from effects 1429:1435 arg1 status 1470:1475 oxidative status 1460:1475 oxidative status 1460:1475 Overall, effects of diet composition on oxidative status were tissue-related: the liver and intestine were strongly responsive to dietary carbohydrates and lipid sources, respectively. 26365262 11 7 theme different 1618:1626 arg1 routes 1638:1643 different metabolic routes 1618:1643 different metabolic routes 1618:1643 Furthermore, different metabolic routes were more active to deal with the oxidative stress in the two organs studied. 26365262 1 8 theme lipid 186:190 arg1 source 192:197 dietary lipid source 178:197 dietary lipid source 178:197 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content on the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 7 9 from GPX 1229:1231 arg1 liver 1212:1216 the liver 1208:1216 the liver 1208:1216 Enzymes responsive to dietary treatments were GR, G6PD and CAT in the liver and GR and GPX in the intestine. 26365262 7 9 from GPX 1229:1231 arg1 intestine 1240:1248 the intestine 1236:1248 the intestine 1236:1248 Enzymes responsive to dietary treatments were GR, G6PD and CAT in the liver and GR and GPX in the intestine. 26365262 7 10 theme dietary 1164:1170 arg1 treatments 1172:1181 dietary treatments 1164:1181 dietary treatments 1164:1181 Enzymes responsive to dietary treatments were GR, G6PD and CAT in the liver and GR and GPX in the intestine. 26365262 0 11 theme juveniles 123:131 arg1 status 72:77 the oxidative status 58:77 the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles 58:131 Dietary carbohydrate and lipid sources affect differently the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 2 12 theme 2×2 482:484 arg1 design 496:501 a 2×2 factorial design 480:501 a 2×2 factorial design 480:501 For that purpose, four diets were formulated with fish oil (FO) and vegetable oils (VO) as the lipid source and with 20 or 0 % gelatinised starch as the carbohydrate source, in a 2×2 factorial design. 26365262 7 13 theme responsive 1150:1159 arg1 Enzymes 1142:1148 Enzymes 1142:1148 Enzymes responsive to dietary treatments 1142:1181 Enzymes responsive to dietary treatments were GR, G6PD and CAT in the liver and GR and GPX in the intestine. 26365262 6 14 theme Lower 1094:1098 arg1 LPO 1111:1113 Lower intestinal LPO 1094:1113 Lower intestinal LPO 1094:1113 Lower intestinal LPO was observed in VO groups. 26365262 3 15 theme intestinal 712:721 arg1 LPO 743:745 LPO 743:745 LPO 743:745 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 3 15 theme intestinal 712:721 arg1 peroxidation 729:740 hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation 700:740 hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO) 700:746 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 10 16 theme lipid 1576:1580 arg1 sources 1582:1588 lipid sources 1576:1588 lipid sources 1576:1588 Overall, effects of diet composition on oxidative status were tissue-related: the liver and intestine were strongly responsive to dietary carbohydrates and lipid sources, respectively. 26365262 1 17 from effects 167:173 arg1 status 241:246 the oxidative status 227:246 the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles 227:300 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content on the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 3 18 theme hepatic 700:706 arg1 LPO 743:745 LPO 743:745 LPO 743:745 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 3 18 theme hepatic 700:706 arg1 peroxidation 729:740 hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation 700:740 hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO) 700:746 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 7 19 from GR 1188:1189 arg1 liver 1212:1216 the liver 1208:1216 the liver 1208:1216 Enzymes responsive to dietary treatments were GR, G6PD and CAT in the liver and GR and GPX in the intestine. 26365262 7 19 from GR 1188:1189 arg1 intestine 1240:1248 the intestine 1236:1248 the intestine 1236:1248 Enzymes responsive to dietary treatments were GR, G6PD and CAT in the liver and GR and GPX in the intestine. 26365262 0 20 theme oxidative 62:70 arg1 status 72:77 the oxidative status 58:77 the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles 58:131 Dietary carbohydrate and lipid sources affect differently the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 6 21 located observed 1119:1126 arg1 groups 1134:1139 VO groups 1131:1139 VO groups 1131:1139 Lower intestinal LPO was observed in VO groups. 26365262 6 21 located observed 1119:1126 arg2 LPO 1111:1113 Lower intestinal LPO 1094:1113 Lower intestinal LPO 1094:1113 Lower intestinal LPO was observed in VO groups. 26365262 4 22 theme lipid 953:957 arg1 source 959:964 the lipid source 949:964 the lipid source 949:964 Carbohydrate-rich diets promoted a decrease in hepatic LPO and OSI, whereas the lipid source induced no changes. 26365262 5 23 theme carbohydrate 1035:1046 arg1 concentration 1048:1060 dietary carbohydrate concentration 1027:1060 dietary carbohydrate concentration 1027:1060 Inversely, dietary lipid source, but not dietary carbohydrate concentration, affected LPO in the intestine. 26365262 9 24 theme fed 1406:1408 arg1 diets 1413:1417 fish fed VO diets 1401:1417 fish fed VO diets 1401:1417 GPX and GR activities were increased in the intestine of fish fed VO diets. 26365262 3 25 theme enzyme 536:541 arg1 activities 543:552 antioxidant enzyme activities 524:552 antioxidant enzyme activities 524:552 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 0 26 theme sea 91:93 arg1 bass 95:98 European sea bass 82:98 European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles 82:131 Dietary carbohydrate and lipid sources affect differently the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 0 26 theme sea 91:93 arg1 labrax 115:120 Dicentrarchus labrax 101:120 Dicentrarchus labrax 101:120 Dietary carbohydrate and lipid sources affect differently the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 8 27 theme GR 1280:1281 arg1 activities 1292:1301 GR and G6PD activities 1280:1301 GR and G6PD activities 1280:1301 Dietary carbohydrate induced GR and G6PD activities and depressed CAT activity in the liver. 26365262 5 28 theme lipid 1005:1009 arg1 source 1011:1016 dietary lipid source 997:1016 dietary lipid source 997:1016 Inversely, dietary lipid source, but not dietary carbohydrate concentration, affected LPO in the intestine. 26365262 8 29 theme G6PD 1287:1290 arg1 activities 1292:1301 GR and G6PD activities 1280:1301 GR and G6PD activities 1280:1301 Dietary carbohydrate induced GR and G6PD activities and depressed CAT activity in the liver. 26365262 2 30 theme fish 353:356 arg1 oil 358:360 fish oil 353:360 fish oil (FO) 353:365 For that purpose, four diets were formulated with fish oil (FO) and vegetable oils (VO) as the lipid source and with 20 or 0 % gelatinised starch as the carbohydrate source, in a 2×2 factorial design. 26365262 2 30 theme fish 353:356 arg1 FO 363:364 FO 363:364 FO 363:364 For that purpose, four diets were formulated with fish oil (FO) and vegetable oils (VO) as the lipid source and with 20 or 0 % gelatinised starch as the carbohydrate source, in a 2×2 factorial design. 26365262 0 31 theme Dietary 0:6 arg1 carbohydrate 8:19 Dietary carbohydrate and lipid sources 0:37 carbohydrate 8:19 Dietary carbohydrate and lipid sources affect differently the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 1 32 theme sea 260:262 arg1 bass 264:267 European sea bass 251:267 European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles 251:300 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content on the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 1 32 theme sea 260:262 arg1 labrax 284:289 Dicentrarchus labrax 270:289 Dicentrarchus labrax 270:289 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content on the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 3 33 theme stress 778:783 arg1 OSI 792:794 OSI 792:794 OSI 792:794 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 3 33 theme stress 778:783 arg1 index 785:789 hepatic oxidative stress index 760:789 hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI) 760:795 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 2 34 theme vegetable 371:379 arg1 VO 387:388 VO 387:388 VO 387:388 For that purpose, four diets were formulated with fish oil (FO) and vegetable oils (VO) as the lipid source and with 20 or 0 % gelatinised starch as the carbohydrate source, in a 2×2 factorial design. 26365262 2 34 theme vegetable 371:379 arg1 oils 381:384 vegetable oils 371:384 vegetable oils (VO) 371:389 For that purpose, four diets were formulated with fish oil (FO) and vegetable oils (VO) as the lipid source and with 20 or 0 % gelatinised starch as the carbohydrate source, in a 2×2 factorial design. 26365262 3 35 theme hepatic 760:766 arg1 OSI 792:794 OSI 792:794 OSI 792:794 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 3 35 theme hepatic 760:766 arg1 index 785:789 hepatic oxidative stress index 760:789 hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI) 760:795 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 8 36 theme CAT 1317:1319 arg1 activity 1321:1328 CAT activity 1317:1328 CAT activity in the liver 1317:1341 Dietary carbohydrate induced GR and G6PD activities and depressed CAT activity in the liver. 26365262 10 37 theme diet 1440:1443 arg1 composition 1445:1455 diet composition 1440:1455 diet composition 1440:1455 Overall, effects of diet composition on oxidative status were tissue-related: the liver and intestine were strongly responsive to dietary carbohydrates and lipid sources, respectively. 26365262 1 38 theme juveniles 292:300 arg1 status 241:246 the oxidative status 227:246 the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles 227:300 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content on the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 4 39 theme Carbohydrate-rich 873:889 arg1 diets 891:895 Carbohydrate-rich diets 873:895 Carbohydrate-rich diets 873:895 Carbohydrate-rich diets promoted a decrease in hepatic LPO and OSI, whereas the lipid source induced no changes. 26365262 3 40 theme superoxide 571:580 arg1 SOD 593:595 SOD 593:595 SOD 593:595 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 3 40 theme superoxide 571:580 arg1 catalase 555:562 catalase 555:562 catalase (CAT) 555:568 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 3 40 theme superoxide 571:580 arg1 dismutase 582:590 superoxide dismutase 571:590 superoxide dismutase (SOD) 571:596 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 1 41 theme carbohydrate 203:214 arg1 content 216:222 carbohydrate content 203:222 carbohydrate content 203:222 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content on the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 11 42 theme metabolic 1628:1636 arg1 routes 1638:1643 different metabolic routes 1618:1643 different metabolic routes 1618:1643 Furthermore, different metabolic routes were more active to deal with the oxidative stress in the two organs studied. 26365262 8 43 from activity 1321:1328 arg1 liver 1337:1341 the liver 1333:1341 the liver 1333:1341 Dietary carbohydrate induced GR and G6PD activities and depressed CAT activity in the liver. 26365262 1 44 theme oxidative 231:239 arg1 status 241:246 the oxidative status 227:246 the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles 227:300 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content on the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 3 45 theme experimental 828:839 arg1 diets 841:845 the experimental diets 824:845 the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet) 824:870 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 5 46 theme dietary 997:1003 arg1 source 1011:1016 dietary lipid source 997:1016 dietary lipid source 997:1016 Inversely, dietary lipid source, but not dietary carbohydrate concentration, affected LPO in the intestine. 26365262 2 47 theme factorial 486:494 arg1 design 496:501 a 2×2 factorial design 480:501 a 2×2 factorial design 480:501 For that purpose, four diets were formulated with fish oil (FO) and vegetable oils (VO) as the lipid source and with 20 or 0 % gelatinised starch as the carbohydrate source, in a 2×2 factorial design. 26365262 9 48 theme diets 1413:1417 arg1 intestine 1388:1396 the intestine 1384:1396 the intestine of fish fed VO diets 1384:1417 GPX and GR activities were increased in the intestine of fish fed VO diets. 26365262 3 49 theme glutathione 599:609 arg1 catalase 555:562 catalase 555:562 catalase (CAT) 555:568 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 3 49 theme glutathione 599:609 arg1 GPX 623:625 GPX 623:625 GPX 623:625 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 3 49 theme glutathione 599:609 arg1 peroxidase 611:620 glutathione peroxidase 599:620 glutathione peroxidase (GPX) 599:626 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 11 50 from stress 1689:1694 arg1 organs 1707:1712 the two organs 1699:1712 the two organs studied 1699:1720 Furthermore, different metabolic routes were more active to deal with the oxidative stress in the two organs studied. 26365262 3 51 theme glutathione 629:639 arg1 catalase 555:562 catalase 555:562 catalase (CAT) 555:568 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 3 51 theme glutathione 629:639 arg1 GR 652:653 GR 652:653 GR 652:653 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 3 51 theme glutathione 629:639 arg1 reductase 641:649 glutathione reductase 629:649 glutathione reductase (GR) 629:654 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 1 52 theme dietary 178:184 arg1 source 192:197 dietary lipid source 178:197 dietary lipid source 178:197 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content on the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 2 53 theme carbohydrate 456:467 arg1 source 469:474 the carbohydrate source 452:474 the carbohydrate source 452:474 For that purpose, four diets were formulated with fish oil (FO) and vegetable oils (VO) as the lipid source and with 20 or 0 % gelatinised starch as the carbohydrate source, in a 2×2 factorial design. 26365262 5 54 from LPO 1072:1074 arg1 intestine 1083:1091 the intestine 1079:1091 the intestine 1079:1091 Inversely, dietary lipid source, but not dietary carbohydrate concentration, affected LPO in the intestine. 26365262 4 55 theme hepatic 920:926 arg1 LPO 928:930 hepatic LPO 920:930 hepatic LPO 920:930 Carbohydrate-rich diets promoted a decrease in hepatic LPO and OSI, whereas the lipid source induced no changes. 26365262 10 56 theme dietary 1550:1556 arg1 carbohydrates 1558:1570 dietary carbohydrates 1550:1570 dietary carbohydrates 1550:1570 Overall, effects of diet composition on oxidative status were tissue-related: the liver and intestine were strongly responsive to dietary carbohydrates and lipid sources, respectively. 26365262 4 57 from decrease 908:915 arg1 OSI 936:938 OSI 936:938 OSI 936:938 Carbohydrate-rich diets promoted a decrease in hepatic LPO and OSI, whereas the lipid source induced no changes. 26365262 4 57 from decrease 908:915 arg1 LPO 928:930 hepatic LPO 920:930 hepatic LPO 920:930 Carbohydrate-rich diets promoted a decrease in hepatic LPO and OSI, whereas the lipid source induced no changes. 26365262 6 58 theme intestinal 1100:1109 arg1 LPO 1111:1113 Lower intestinal LPO 1094:1113 Lower intestinal LPO 1094:1113 Lower intestinal LPO was observed in VO groups. 26365262 10 59 dep liver 1502:1506 arg1 the 1498:1500 the 1498:1500 the 1498:1500 Overall, effects of diet composition on oxidative status were tissue-related: the liver and intestine were strongly responsive to dietary carbohydrates and lipid sources, respectively. 26365262 11 60 with active 1655:1660 arg1 stress 1689:1694 the oxidative stress 1675:1694 the oxidative stress in the two organs studied 1675:1720 Furthermore, different metabolic routes were more active to deal with the oxidative stress in the two organs studied. 26365262 3 61 theme antioxidant 524:534 arg1 activities 543:552 antioxidant enzyme activities 524:552 antioxidant enzyme activities 524:552 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 3 62 theme lipid 723:727 arg1 LPO 743:745 LPO 743:745 LPO 743:745 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 3 62 theme lipid 723:727 arg1 peroxidation 729:740 hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation 700:740 hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO) 700:746 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 7 63 from G6PD 1192:1195 arg1 liver 1212:1216 the liver 1208:1216 the liver 1208:1216 Enzymes responsive to dietary treatments were GR, G6PD and CAT in the liver and GR and GPX in the intestine. 26365262 7 63 from G6PD 1192:1195 arg1 intestine 1240:1248 the intestine 1236:1248 the intestine 1236:1248 Enzymes responsive to dietary treatments were GR, G6PD and CAT in the liver and GR and GPX in the intestine. 26365262 8 64 theme Dietary 1251:1257 arg1 carbohydrate 1259:1270 Dietary carbohydrate 1251:1270 Dietary carbohydrate 1251:1270 Dietary carbohydrate induced GR and G6PD activities and depressed CAT activity in the liver. 26365262 5 65 theme dietary 1027:1033 arg1 concentration 1048:1060 dietary carbohydrate concentration 1027:1060 dietary carbohydrate concentration 1027:1060 Inversely, dietary lipid source, but not dietary carbohydrate concentration, affected LPO in the intestine. 26365262 3 66 theme glucose-6-phosphate 657:675 arg1 dehydrogenase 677:689 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 657:689 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) 657:696 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 3 66 theme glucose-6-phosphate 657:675 arg1 catalase 555:562 catalase 555:562 catalase (CAT) 555:568 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 3 66 theme glucose-6-phosphate 657:675 arg1 G6PD 692:695 G6PD 692:695 G6PD 692:695 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 0 67 theme European 82:89 arg1 bass 95:98 European sea bass 82:98 European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles 82:131 Dietary carbohydrate and lipid sources affect differently the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 0 67 theme European 82:89 arg1 labrax 115:120 Dicentrarchus labrax 101:120 Dicentrarchus labrax 101:120 Dietary carbohydrate and lipid sources affect differently the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 7 68 from CAT 1201:1203 arg1 liver 1212:1216 the liver 1208:1216 the liver 1208:1216 Enzymes responsive to dietary treatments were GR, G6PD and CAT in the liver and GR and GPX in the intestine. 26365262 7 68 from CAT 1201:1203 arg1 intestine 1240:1248 the intestine 1236:1248 the intestine 1236:1248 Enzymes responsive to dietary treatments were GR, G6PD and CAT in the liver and GR and GPX in the intestine. 26365262 0 69 theme bass 95:98 arg1 juveniles 123:131 European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles 82:131 European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles 82:131 Dietary carbohydrate and lipid sources affect differently the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 3 70 theme n 857:857 arg1 fish/diet 861:869 n 9 fish/diet 857:869 n 9 fish/diet 857:869 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 3 70 theme n 857:857 arg1 d 854:854 73 d 851:854 73 d (n 9 fish/diet) 851:870 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 2 71 theme gelatinised 430:440 arg1 % 428:428 20 or 0 % gelatinised starch 420:447 20 or 0 % gelatinised starch 420:447 For that purpose, four diets were formulated with fish oil (FO) and vegetable oils (VO) as the lipid source and with 20 or 0 % gelatinised starch as the carbohydrate source, in a 2×2 factorial design. 26365262 0 72 theme Dicentrarchus 101:113 arg1 bass 95:98 European sea bass 82:98 European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles 82:131 Dietary carbohydrate and lipid sources affect differently the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 0 72 theme Dicentrarchus 101:113 arg1 labrax 115:120 Dicentrarchus labrax 101:120 Dicentrarchus labrax 101:120 Dietary carbohydrate and lipid sources affect differently the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 0 73 theme lipid 25:29 arg1 sources 31:37 Dietary carbohydrate and lipid sources 0:37 sources 31:37 Dietary carbohydrate and lipid sources affect differently the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 1 74 theme bass 264:267 arg1 juveniles 292:300 European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles 251:300 European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles 251:300 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content on the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 2 75 dep % 428:428 arg1 starch 442:447 starch 442:447 20 or 0 % gelatinised starch 420:447 For that purpose, four diets were formulated with fish oil (FO) and vegetable oils (VO) as the lipid source and with 20 or 0 % gelatinised starch as the carbohydrate source, in a 2×2 factorial design. 26365262 11 76 theme oxidative 1679:1687 arg1 stress 1689:1694 the oxidative stress 1675:1694 the oxidative stress in the two organs studied 1675:1720 Furthermore, different metabolic routes were more active to deal with the oxidative stress in the two organs studied. 26365262 1 77 theme Dicentrarchus 270:282 arg1 bass 264:267 European sea bass 251:267 European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles 251:300 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content on the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 1 77 theme Dicentrarchus 270:282 arg1 labrax 284:289 Dicentrarchus labrax 270:289 Dicentrarchus labrax 270:289 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content on the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 1 78 theme source 192:197 arg1 effects 167:173 the effects 163:173 the effects of dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content on the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles 163:300 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content on the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 9 79 theme GPX 1344:1346 arg1 activities 1355:1364 GPX and GR activities 1344:1364 GPX and GR activities 1344:1364 GPX and GR activities were increased in the intestine of fish fed VO diets. 26365262 3 80 theme oxidative 768:776 arg1 OSI 792:794 OSI 792:794 OSI 792:794 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 3 80 theme oxidative 768:776 arg1 index 785:789 hepatic oxidative stress index 760:789 hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI) 760:795 Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n 9 fish/diet). 26365262 2 81 theme lipid 398:402 arg1 diets 326:330 four diets 321:330 four diets 321:330 For that purpose, four diets were formulated with fish oil (FO) and vegetable oils (VO) as the lipid source and with 20 or 0 % gelatinised starch as the carbohydrate source, in a 2×2 factorial design. 26365262 2 81 theme lipid 398:402 arg1 source 404:409 the lipid source 394:409 the lipid source 394:409 For that purpose, four diets were formulated with fish oil (FO) and vegetable oils (VO) as the lipid source and with 20 or 0 % gelatinised starch as the carbohydrate source, in a 2×2 factorial design. 26365262 6 82 theme VO 1131:1132 arg1 groups 1134:1139 VO groups 1131:1139 VO groups 1131:1139 Lower intestinal LPO was observed in VO groups. 26365262 9 83 theme GR 1352:1353 arg1 activities 1355:1364 GPX and GR activities 1344:1364 GPX and GR activities 1344:1364 GPX and GR activities were increased in the intestine of fish fed VO diets. 26365262 1 84 theme content 216:222 arg1 effects 167:173 the effects 163:173 the effects of dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content on the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles 163:300 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content on the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. 26365262 10 85 theme oxidative 1460:1468 arg1 status 1470:1475 oxidative status 1460:1475 oxidative status 1460:1475 Overall, effects of diet composition on oxidative status were tissue-related: the liver and intestine were strongly responsive to dietary carbohydrates and lipid sources, respectively. 25016054 2 0 theme Antimicrobial 110:122 arg1 peptides 124:131 Antimicrobial peptides 110:131 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) 110:138 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria and are recently under discussion as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. 25016054 2 0 theme Antimicrobial 110:122 arg1 components 154:163 important components 144:163 important components of the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria 144:230 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria and are recently under discussion as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. 25016054 2 0 theme Antimicrobial 110:122 arg1 AMPs 134:137 AMPs 134:137 AMPs 134:137 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria and are recently under discussion as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. 25016054 4 1 from cells 686:690 arg1 secretion 617:625 the endotoxin-induced secretion 595:625 the endotoxin-induced secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from human mononuclear cells 595:690 We have analysed these peptides for their potential to inhibit the endotoxin-induced secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from human mononuclear cells. 25016054 9 2 theme structures 1666:1675 arg1 indentations 1625:1636 indentations 1625:1636 indentations 1625:1636 Furthermore, Gm1 had a stronger effect on the bacteria than ΔGm1, leading to a different morphology regarding indentations and coalescing of bacterial structures. 25016054 9 2 theme structures 1666:1675 arg1 coalescing 1642:1651 coalescing 1642:1651 coalescing of bacterial structures 1642:1675 Furthermore, Gm1 had a stronger effect on the bacteria than ΔGm1, leading to a different morphology regarding indentations and coalescing of bacterial structures. 25016054 1 3 theme anti-bacterial 67:80 arg1 effects 101:107 anti-bacterial and anti-endotoxic effects 67:107 anti-bacterial and anti-endotoxic effects 67:107 II) anti-bacterial and anti-endotoxic effects. 25016054 2 4 theme important 144:152 arg1 peptides 124:131 Antimicrobial peptides 110:131 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) 110:138 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria and are recently under discussion as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. 25016054 2 4 theme important 144:152 arg1 components 154:163 important components 144:163 important components of the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria 144:230 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria and are recently under discussion as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. 25016054 6 5 theme toxic 1160:1164 arg1 effects 1166:1172 potential toxic effects 1150:1172 potential toxic effects 1150:1172 We have also studied their cytotoxic properties in a haemolysis assay to clarify potential toxic effects. 25016054 4 6 theme human 668:672 arg1 cells 686:690 human mononuclear cells 668:690 human mononuclear cells 668:690 We have analysed these peptides for their potential to inhibit the endotoxin-induced secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from human mononuclear cells. 25016054 5 7 theme polymyxin 870:878 arg1 mirabilis 900:908 the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 866:912 the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 866:912 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 5 7 theme polymyxin 870:878 arg1 bacteria 819:826 the rough mutant bacteria 802:826 the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 802:912 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 4 8 theme necrosis 637:644 arg1 factor-α 646:653 tumour necrosis factor-α 630:653 tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 630:661 We have analysed these peptides for their potential to inhibit the endotoxin-induced secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from human mononuclear cells. 25016054 4 8 theme necrosis 637:644 arg1 TNF-α 656:660 TNF-α 656:660 TNF-α 656:660 We have analysed these peptides for their potential to inhibit the endotoxin-induced secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from human mononuclear cells. 25016054 2 9 theme promising 269:277 arg1 alternatives 279:290 promising alternatives 269:290 promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics 269:318 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria and are recently under discussion as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. 25016054 5 10 theme Salmonella 828:837 arg1 bacteria 819:826 the rough mutant bacteria 802:826 the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 802:912 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 5 10 theme Salmonella 828:837 arg1 R60 858:860 Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 828:860 Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 828:860 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 5 11 dep ability 751:757 arg1 inhibit 780:786 inhibit 780:786 to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 777:912 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 5 12 theme conventional 711:722 arg1 assay 740:744 a conventional microbiological assay 709:744 a conventional microbiological assay 709:744 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 5 13 theme Minnesota 848:856 arg1 bacteria 819:826 the rough mutant bacteria 802:826 the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 802:912 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 5 13 theme Minnesota 848:856 arg1 R60 858:860 Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 828:860 Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 828:860 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 11 14 theme 100μg/ml 1825:1832 arg1 amount 1815:1820 an amount 1812:1820 an amount of 100μg/ml 1812:1832 Both peptides lack any haemolytic activity up to an amount of 100μg/ml, making them suitable as new anti-infective agents. 25016054 11 14 theme 100μg/ml 1825:1832 arg1 100μg/ml 1825:1832 100μg/ml 1825:1832 100μg/ml 1825:1832 Both peptides lack any haemolytic activity up to an amount of 100μg/ml, making them suitable as new anti-infective agents. 25016054 8 15 theme bacteria 1488:1495 arg1 change 1470:1475 a stronger morphology change 1448:1475 a stronger morphology change of the R45 bacteria 1448:1495 In accordance with the antimicrobial assay, AFM data revealed a stronger morphology change of the R45 bacteria than for the R60. 25016054 5 16 theme atomic 935:940 arg1 AFM 960:962 AFM 960:962 AFM 960:962 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 5 16 theme atomic 935:940 arg1 microscopy 948:957 atomic force microscopy 935:957 atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements 935:976 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 7 17 theme respective 1365:1374 arg1 bacteria 1376:1383 the respective bacteria 1361:1383 the respective bacteria 1361:1383 Our data revealed for both peptides minor anti-inflammatory (anti-endotoxin) activity, but demonstrated antimicrobial activity with differences depending on the endotoxin composition of the respective bacteria. 25016054 7 18 theme anti-endotoxin 1236:1249 arg1 activity 1252:1259 minor anti-inflammatory (anti-endotoxin) activity 1211:1259 minor anti-inflammatory (anti-endotoxin) activity 1211:1259 Our data revealed for both peptides minor anti-inflammatory (anti-endotoxin) activity, but demonstrated antimicrobial activity with differences depending on the endotoxin composition of the respective bacteria. 25016054 5 19 theme mutant 812:817 arg1 mirabilis 900:908 the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 866:912 the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 866:912 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 5 19 theme mutant 812:817 arg1 bacteria 819:826 the rough mutant bacteria 802:826 the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 802:912 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 5 19 theme mutant 812:817 arg1 R60 858:860 Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 828:860 Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 828:860 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 5 20 theme Proteus 892:898 arg1 mirabilis 900:908 the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 866:912 the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 866:912 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 5 20 theme Proteus 892:898 arg1 bacteria 819:826 the rough mutant bacteria 802:826 the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 802:912 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 5 21 theme peptides 768:775 arg1 ability 751:757 the ability 747:757 the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 747:912 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 11 22 dep amount 1815:1820 arg1 up 1806:1807 up 1806:1807 up 1806:1807 Both peptides lack any haemolytic activity up to an amount of 100μg/ml, making them suitable as new anti-infective agents. 25016054 9 23 theme stronger 1538:1545 arg1 effect 1547:1552 a stronger effect 1536:1552 a stronger effect on the bacteria 1536:1568 Furthermore, Gm1 had a stronger effect on the bacteria than ΔGm1, leading to a different morphology regarding indentations and coalescing of bacterial structures. 25016054 9 24 from effect 1547:1552 arg1 bacteria 1561:1568 the bacteria 1557:1568 the bacteria 1557:1568 Furthermore, Gm1 had a stronger effect on the bacteria than ΔGm1, leading to a different morphology regarding indentations and coalescing of bacterial structures. 25016054 3 25 theme cecropin-like 346:358 arg1 Gm1 380:382 Gm1 380:382 Gm1 380:382 We have investigated two cecropin-like synthetic peptides, Gm1, which corresponds to the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide and ΔGm1, a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant. 25016054 3 25 theme cecropin-like 346:358 arg1 peptides 370:377 two cecropin-like synthetic peptides 342:377 two cecropin-like synthetic peptides 342:377 We have investigated two cecropin-like synthetic peptides, Gm1, which corresponds to the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide and ΔGm1, a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant. 25016054 3 26 theme uncharged 426:434 arg1 peptide 463:469 the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide 406:469 the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide 406:469 We have investigated two cecropin-like synthetic peptides, Gm1, which corresponds to the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide and ΔGm1, a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant. 25016054 3 27 theme Gm1 519:521 arg1 variant 523:529 a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant 481:529 a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant 481:529 We have investigated two cecropin-like synthetic peptides, Gm1, which corresponds to the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide and ΔGm1, a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant. 25016054 3 27 theme Gm1 519:521 arg1 ΔGm1 475:478 ΔGm1 475:478 ΔGm1 475:478 We have investigated two cecropin-like synthetic peptides, Gm1, which corresponds to the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide and ΔGm1, a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant. 25016054 3 28 theme natural 410:416 arg1 peptide 463:469 the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide 406:469 the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide 406:469 We have investigated two cecropin-like synthetic peptides, Gm1, which corresponds to the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide and ΔGm1, a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant. 25016054 0 29 theme Galleria 0:7 arg1 mellonella 9:18 Galleria mellonella native 0:25 Galleria mellonella native 0:25 Galleria mellonella native and analogue peptides Gm1 and ΔGm1. 25016054 5 30 theme microscopy 948:957 arg1 measurements 965:976 atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements 935:976 atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements 935:976 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 8 31 theme antimicrobial 1409:1421 arg1 assay 1423:1427 the antimicrobial assay 1405:1427 the antimicrobial assay 1405:1427 In accordance with the antimicrobial assay, AFM data revealed a stronger morphology change of the R45 bacteria than for the R60. 25016054 0 32 theme native 20:25 arg1 mellonella 9:18 Galleria mellonella native 0:25 Galleria mellonella native 0:25 Galleria mellonella native and analogue peptides Gm1 and ΔGm1. 25016054 10 33 with measurements 1714:1725 arg1 peptides 1736:1743 the peptides 1732:1743 the peptides 1732:1743 The findings verify the biophysical measurements with the peptides on model systems. 25016054 0 34 theme analogue 31:38 arg1 peptides 40:47 and analogue peptides Gm1 and ΔGm1 27:60 peptides 40:47 Galleria mellonella native and analogue peptides Gm1 and ΔGm1. 25016054 0 34 theme analogue 31:38 arg1 ΔGm1 57:60 ΔGm1 57:60 ΔGm1 57:60 Galleria mellonella native and analogue peptides Gm1 and ΔGm1. 25016054 0 34 theme analogue 31:38 arg1 Gm1 49:51 Gm1 49:51 Gm1 49:51 Galleria mellonella native and analogue peptides Gm1 and ΔGm1. 25016054 7 35 from differences 1307:1317 arg1 composition 1346:1356 the endotoxin composition 1332:1356 the endotoxin composition of the respective bacteria 1332:1383 Our data revealed for both peptides minor anti-inflammatory (anti-endotoxin) activity, but demonstrated antimicrobial activity with differences depending on the endotoxin composition of the respective bacteria. 25016054 11 36 theme new 1859:1861 arg1 agents 1878:1883 new anti-infective agents 1859:1883 new anti-infective agents 1859:1883 Both peptides lack any haemolytic activity up to an amount of 100μg/ml, making them suitable as new anti-infective agents. 25016054 6 37 theme haemolysis 1122:1131 arg1 assay 1133:1137 a haemolysis assay 1120:1137 a haemolysis assay 1120:1137 We have also studied their cytotoxic properties in a haemolysis assay to clarify potential toxic effects. 25016054 9 38 contain had 1532:1534 arg2 effect 1547:1552 a stronger effect 1536:1552 a stronger effect on the bacteria 1536:1568 Furthermore, Gm1 had a stronger effect on the bacteria than ΔGm1, leading to a different morphology regarding indentations and coalescing of bacterial structures. 25016054 9 38 contain had 1532:1534 arg1 Gm1 1528:1530 Gm1 1528:1530 Gm1 1528:1530 Furthermore, Gm1 had a stronger effect on the bacteria than ΔGm1, leading to a different morphology regarding indentations and coalescing of bacterial structures. 25016054 7 39 theme antimicrobial 1279:1291 arg1 activity 1293:1300 antimicrobial activity 1279:1300 antimicrobial activity 1279:1300 Our data revealed for both peptides minor anti-inflammatory (anti-endotoxin) activity, but demonstrated antimicrobial activity with differences depending on the endotoxin composition of the respective bacteria. 25016054 2 40 theme immune 179:184 arg1 system 186:191 the innate immune system 168:191 the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria 168:230 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria and are recently under discussion as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. 25016054 8 41 theme morphology 1459:1468 arg1 change 1470:1475 a stronger morphology change 1448:1475 a stronger morphology change of the R45 bacteria 1448:1495 In accordance with the antimicrobial assay, AFM data revealed a stronger morphology change of the R45 bacteria than for the R60. 25016054 3 42 theme charged 511:517 arg1 variant 523:529 a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant 481:529 a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant 481:529 We have investigated two cecropin-like synthetic peptides, Gm1, which corresponds to the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide and ΔGm1, a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant. 25016054 3 42 theme charged 511:517 arg1 ΔGm1 475:478 ΔGm1 475:478 ΔGm1 475:478 We have investigated two cecropin-like synthetic peptides, Gm1, which corresponds to the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide and ΔGm1, a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant. 25016054 6 43 theme cytotoxic 1096:1104 arg1 properties 1106:1115 their cytotoxic properties 1090:1115 their cytotoxic properties 1090:1115 We have also studied their cytotoxic properties in a haemolysis assay to clarify potential toxic effects. 25016054 3 44 theme overall 492:498 arg1 variant 523:529 a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant 481:529 a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant 481:529 We have investigated two cecropin-like synthetic peptides, Gm1, which corresponds to the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide and ΔGm1, a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant. 25016054 3 44 theme overall 492:498 arg1 ΔGm1 475:478 ΔGm1 475:478 ΔGm1 475:478 We have investigated two cecropin-like synthetic peptides, Gm1, which corresponds to the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide and ΔGm1, a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant. 25016054 9 45 theme bacterial 1656:1664 arg1 structures 1666:1675 bacterial structures 1656:1675 bacterial structures 1656:1675 Furthermore, Gm1 had a stronger effect on the bacteria than ΔGm1, leading to a different morphology regarding indentations and coalescing of bacterial structures. 25016054 10 46 from measurements 1714:1725 arg1 systems 1754:1760 model systems 1748:1760 model systems 1748:1760 The findings verify the biophysical measurements with the peptides on model systems. 25016054 9 47 theme different 1594:1602 arg1 morphology 1604:1613 a different morphology 1592:1613 a different morphology regarding indentations and coalescing of bacterial structures 1592:1675 Furthermore, Gm1 had a stronger effect on the bacteria than ΔGm1, leading to a different morphology regarding indentations and coalescing of bacterial structures. 25016054 7 48 theme anti-inflammatory 1217:1233 arg1 activity 1252:1259 minor anti-inflammatory (anti-endotoxin) activity 1211:1259 minor anti-inflammatory (anti-endotoxin) activity 1211:1259 Our data revealed for both peptides minor anti-inflammatory (anti-endotoxin) activity, but demonstrated antimicrobial activity with differences depending on the endotoxin composition of the respective bacteria. 25016054 2 49 theme conventional 295:306 arg1 antibiotics 308:318 conventional antibiotics 295:318 conventional antibiotics 295:318 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria and are recently under discussion as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. 25016054 6 50 theme potential 1150:1158 arg1 effects 1166:1172 potential toxic effects 1150:1172 potential toxic effects 1150:1172 We have also studied their cytotoxic properties in a haemolysis assay to clarify potential toxic effects. 25016054 5 51 theme bacteria 819:826 arg1 growth 792:797 the growth 788:797 the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 788:912 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 5 52 theme bacteria 1031:1038 arg1 morphology 1013:1022 the morphology 1009:1022 the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides 1009:1066 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 4 53 theme tumour 630:635 arg1 factor-α 646:653 tumour necrosis factor-α 630:653 tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 630:661 We have analysed these peptides for their potential to inhibit the endotoxin-induced secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from human mononuclear cells. 25016054 4 53 theme tumour 630:635 arg1 TNF-α 656:660 TNF-α 656:660 TNF-α 656:660 We have analysed these peptides for their potential to inhibit the endotoxin-induced secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from human mononuclear cells. 25016054 3 54 theme modified 483:490 arg1 variant 523:529 a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant 481:529 a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant 481:529 We have investigated two cecropin-like synthetic peptides, Gm1, which corresponds to the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide and ΔGm1, a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant. 25016054 3 54 theme modified 483:490 arg1 ΔGm1 475:478 ΔGm1 475:478 ΔGm1 475:478 We have investigated two cecropin-like synthetic peptides, Gm1, which corresponds to the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide and ΔGm1, a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant. 25016054 2 55 theme fungi 213:217 arg1 system 186:191 the innate immune system 168:191 the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria 168:230 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria and are recently under discussion as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. 25016054 8 56 theme R45 1484:1486 arg1 bacteria 1488:1495 the R45 bacteria 1480:1495 the R45 bacteria 1480:1495 In accordance with the antimicrobial assay, AFM data revealed a stronger morphology change of the R45 bacteria than for the R60. 25016054 4 57 theme factor-α 646:653 arg1 secretion 617:625 the endotoxin-induced secretion 595:625 the endotoxin-induced secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from human mononuclear cells 595:690 We have analysed these peptides for their potential to inhibit the endotoxin-induced secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from human mononuclear cells. 25016054 2 58 theme plants 205:210 arg1 system 186:191 the innate immune system 168:191 the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria 168:230 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria and are recently under discussion as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. 25016054 2 59 theme bacteria 223:230 arg1 system 186:191 the innate immune system 168:191 the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria 168:230 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria and are recently under discussion as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. 25016054 5 60 theme B-resistant 880:890 arg1 mirabilis 900:908 the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 866:912 the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 866:912 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 5 60 theme B-resistant 880:890 arg1 bacteria 819:826 the rough mutant bacteria 802:826 the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 802:912 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 7 61 theme bacteria 1376:1383 arg1 composition 1346:1356 the endotoxin composition 1332:1356 the endotoxin composition of the respective bacteria 1332:1383 Our data revealed for both peptides minor anti-inflammatory (anti-endotoxin) activity, but demonstrated antimicrobial activity with differences depending on the endotoxin composition of the respective bacteria. 25016054 4 62 theme mononuclear 674:684 arg1 cells 686:690 human mononuclear cells 668:690 human mononuclear cells 668:690 We have analysed these peptides for their potential to inhibit the endotoxin-induced secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from human mononuclear cells. 25016054 7 63 theme minor 1211:1215 arg1 activity 1252:1259 minor anti-inflammatory (anti-endotoxin) activity 1211:1259 minor anti-inflammatory (anti-endotoxin) activity 1211:1259 Our data revealed for both peptides minor anti-inflammatory (anti-endotoxin) activity, but demonstrated antimicrobial activity with differences depending on the endotoxin composition of the respective bacteria. 25016054 5 64 theme microbiological 724:738 arg1 assay 740:744 a conventional microbiological assay 709:744 a conventional microbiological assay 709:744 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 3 65 theme synthetic 360:368 arg1 Gm1 380:382 Gm1 380:382 Gm1 380:382 We have investigated two cecropin-like synthetic peptides, Gm1, which corresponds to the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide and ΔGm1, a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant. 25016054 3 65 theme synthetic 360:368 arg1 peptides 370:377 two cecropin-like synthetic peptides 342:377 two cecropin-like synthetic peptides 342:377 We have investigated two cecropin-like synthetic peptides, Gm1, which corresponds to the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide and ΔGm1, a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant. 25016054 11 66 theme haemolytic 1786:1795 arg1 activity 1797:1804 any haemolytic activity 1782:1804 any haemolytic activity up to an amount of 100μg/ml 1782:1832 Both peptides lack any haemolytic activity up to an amount of 100μg/ml, making them suitable as new anti-infective agents. 25016054 5 67 theme force 942:946 arg1 AFM 960:962 AFM 960:962 AFM 960:962 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 5 67 theme force 942:946 arg1 microscopy 948:957 atomic force microscopy 935:957 atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements 935:976 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 7 68 theme endotoxin 1336:1344 arg1 composition 1346:1356 the endotoxin composition 1332:1356 the endotoxin composition of the respective bacteria 1332:1383 Our data revealed for both peptides minor anti-inflammatory (anti-endotoxin) activity, but demonstrated antimicrobial activity with differences depending on the endotoxin composition of the respective bacteria. 25016054 3 69 theme overall 418:424 arg1 peptide 463:469 the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide 406:469 the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide 406:469 We have investigated two cecropin-like synthetic peptides, Gm1, which corresponds to the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide and ΔGm1, a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant. 25016054 5 70 theme rough 806:810 arg1 mirabilis 900:908 the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 866:912 the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 866:912 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 5 70 theme rough 806:810 arg1 bacteria 819:826 the rough mutant bacteria 802:826 the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 802:912 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 5 70 theme rough 806:810 arg1 R60 858:860 Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 828:860 Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 828:860 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 5 71 dep bacteria 819:826 arg1 mirabilis 900:908 the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 866:912 the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 866:912 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 5 71 dep bacteria 819:826 arg1 bacteria 819:826 the rough mutant bacteria 802:826 the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 802:912 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 5 71 dep bacteria 819:826 arg1 R60 858:860 Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 828:860 Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 828:860 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 1 72 theme anti-endotoxic 86:99 arg1 effects 101:107 anti-bacterial and anti-endotoxic effects 67:107 anti-bacterial and anti-endotoxic effects 67:107 II) anti-bacterial and anti-endotoxic effects. 25016054 2 73 theme innate 172:177 arg1 system 186:191 the innate immune system 168:191 the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria 168:230 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria and are recently under discussion as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. 25016054 3 74 theme native 456:461 arg1 peptide 463:469 the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide 406:469 the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide 406:469 We have investigated two cecropin-like synthetic peptides, Gm1, which corresponds to the natural overall uncharged Galleria mellonella native peptide and ΔGm1, a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant. 25016054 1 75 dep effects 101:107 arg1 II 63:64 II 63:64 II 63:64 II) anti-bacterial and anti-endotoxic effects. 25016054 0 76 dep peptides 40:47 arg1 peptides 40:47 and analogue peptides Gm1 and ΔGm1 27:60 peptides 40:47 Galleria mellonella native and analogue peptides Gm1 and ΔGm1. 25016054 0 76 dep peptides 40:47 arg1 ΔGm1 57:60 ΔGm1 57:60 ΔGm1 57:60 Galleria mellonella native and analogue peptides Gm1 and ΔGm1. 25016054 0 76 dep peptides 40:47 arg1 Gm1 49:51 Gm1 49:51 Gm1 49:51 Galleria mellonella native and analogue peptides Gm1 and ΔGm1. 25016054 0 76 dep peptides 40:47 arg1 mellonella 9:18 Galleria mellonella native 0:25 Galleria mellonella native 0:25 Galleria mellonella native and analogue peptides Gm1 and ΔGm1. 25016054 2 77 theme animals 196:202 arg1 system 186:191 the innate immune system 168:191 the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria 168:230 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria and are recently under discussion as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. 25016054 8 78 theme AFM 1430:1432 arg1 data 1434:1437 AFM data 1430:1437 AFM data 1430:1437 In accordance with the antimicrobial assay, AFM data revealed a stronger morphology change of the R45 bacteria than for the R60. 25016054 11 79 theme anti-infective 1863:1876 arg1 agents 1878:1883 new anti-infective agents 1859:1883 new anti-infective agents 1859:1883 Both peptides lack any haemolytic activity up to an amount of 100μg/ml, making them suitable as new anti-infective agents. 25016054 8 80 theme stronger 1450:1457 arg1 change 1470:1475 a stronger morphology change 1448:1475 a stronger morphology change of the R45 bacteria 1448:1495 In accordance with the antimicrobial assay, AFM data revealed a stronger morphology change of the R45 bacteria than for the R60. 25016054 4 81 theme endotoxin-induced 599:615 arg1 secretion 617:625 the endotoxin-induced secretion 595:625 the endotoxin-induced secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from human mononuclear cells 595:690 We have analysed these peptides for their potential to inhibit the endotoxin-induced secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from human mononuclear cells. 25016054 2 82 theme system 186:191 arg1 discussion 255:264 discussion 255:264 discussion 255:264 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria and are recently under discussion as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. 25016054 2 82 theme system 186:191 arg1 peptides 124:131 Antimicrobial peptides 110:131 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) 110:138 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria and are recently under discussion as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. 25016054 2 82 theme system 186:191 arg1 components 154:163 important components 144:163 important components of the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria 144:230 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria and are recently under discussion as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. 25016054 10 83 theme biophysical 1702:1712 arg1 measurements 1714:1725 the biophysical measurements 1698:1725 the biophysical measurements with the peptides on model systems 1698:1760 The findings verify the biophysical measurements with the peptides on model systems. 25016054 5 84 dep Salmonella 828:837 arg1 enterica 839:846 enterica 839:846 enterica 839:846 Furthermore, in a conventional microbiological assay, the ability of these peptides to inhibit the growth of the rough mutant bacteria Salmonella enterica Minnesota R60 and the polymyxin B-resistant Proteus mirabilis R45 was investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed to characterize the morphology of the bacteria treated by the two peptides. 25016054 10 85 theme model 1748:1752 arg1 systems 1754:1760 model systems 1748:1760 model systems 1748:1760 The findings verify the biophysical measurements with the peptides on model systems. 25896308 4 0 theme Nocardia 488:495 arg1 member 468:473 a member 466:473 a member of the genus Nocardia 466:495 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is a member of the genus Nocardia. 25896308 4 0 theme Nocardia 488:495 arg1 S0043 454:458 strain KLBMP S0043 441:458 strain KLBMP S0043(T) 441:461 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is a member of the genus Nocardia. 25896308 11 1 theme genomic 1477:1483 arg1 DNA 1485:1487 the genomic DNA 1473:1487 the genomic DNA 1473:1487 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 71.4 mol%. 25896308 10 2 theme summed 1416:1421 arg1 feature 1423:1429 summed feature 3 1416:1431 summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c) 1416:1451 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 2 theme summed 1416:1421 arg1 C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c 1434:1450 C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c 1434:1450 C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c 1434:1450 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 2 theme summed 1416:1421 arg1 acids 1316:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1285:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1285:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 2 3 theme novel 121:125 arg1 actinomycete 127:138 A novel actinomycete 119:138 A novel actinomycete 119:138 A novel actinomycete, designated strain KLBMP S0043(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia Linn. 25896308 6 4 from classification 854:867 arg1 Nocardia 882:889 the genus Nocardia 872:889 the genus Nocardia 872:889 The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. 25896308 2 5 theme Linn 227:230 arg1 soil 209:212 the rhizosphere soil 193:212 the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia Linn 193:230 A novel actinomycete, designated strain KLBMP S0043(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia Linn. 25896308 12 6 theme physiological 1562:1574 arg1 tests 1592:1596 physiological and biochemical tests 1562:1596 physiological and biochemical tests 1562:1596 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strain from its most closely related strains. 25896308 1 7 attach isolated 54:61 arg2 actinomycete 41:52 a novel actinomycete 33:52 a novel actinomycete isolated from the coastal rhizosphere of Artemisia Linn., China 33:116 nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the coastal rhizosphere of Artemisia Linn., China. 25896308 1 7 attach isolated 54:61 arg1 rhizosphere 80:90 the coastal rhizosphere 68:90 the coastal rhizosphere of Artemisia Linn., China 68:116 nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the coastal rhizosphere of Artemisia Linn., China. 25896308 5 8 theme strain 551:556 arg1 S0043 564:568 strain KLBMP S0043 551:568 strain KLBMP S0043(T) 551:571 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 5 8 theme strain 551:556 arg1 T 570:570 T 570:570 T 570:570 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 5 9 theme other 706:710 arg1 strains 717:723 other type strains 706:723 other type strains of the genus Nocardia 706:745 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 12 10 theme biochemical 1580:1590 arg1 tests 1592:1596 physiological and biochemical tests 1562:1596 physiological and biochemical tests 1562:1596 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strain from its most closely related strains. 25896308 6 11 theme cell 962:965 arg1 peptidoglycan 972:984 the cell wall peptidoglycan 958:984 the cell wall peptidoglycan 958:984 The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. 25896308 5 12 theme Nocardia 595:602 arg1 T 626:626 T 626:626 T 626:626 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 5 12 theme Nocardia 595:602 arg1 15531 620:624 Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531 595:624 Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) 595:637 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 5 12 theme Nocardia 595:602 arg1 % 636:636 97.61 % 630:636 97.61 % 630:636 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 5 13 theme NBRC 615:618 arg1 T 626:626 T 626:626 T 626:626 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 5 13 theme NBRC 615:618 arg1 15531 620:624 Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531 595:624 Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) 595:637 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 5 13 theme NBRC 615:618 arg1 % 636:636 97.61 % 630:636 97.61 % 630:636 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 5 14 theme Nocardia 738:745 arg1 strains 717:723 other type strains 706:723 other type strains of the genus Nocardia 706:745 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 12 15 theme DNA-DNA 1536:1542 arg1 hybridization 1544:1556 DNA-DNA hybridization 1536:1556 DNA-DNA hybridization 1536:1556 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strain from its most closely related strains. 25896308 1 16 dep actinomycete 41:52 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the coastal rhizosphere of Artemisia Linn., China. 25896308 13 17 theme KLBMP 1769:1773 arg1 T 1781:1781 T 1781:1781 T 1781:1781 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KLBMP S0043(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp. 25896308 13 17 theme KLBMP 1769:1773 arg1 S0043 1775:1779 strain KLBMP S0043 1762:1779 strain KLBMP S0043(T) 1762:1782 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KLBMP S0043(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp. 25896308 6 18 theme consistent 834:843 arg1 features 825:832 chemical and morphological features 798:832 chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose 798:1012 The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. 25896308 6 18 theme consistent 834:843 arg1 sugars 1032:1037 the diagnostic sugars 1017:1037 the diagnostic sugars 1017:1037 The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. 25896308 4 19 theme Phylogenetic 369:380 arg1 analysis 382:389 Phylogenetic analysis 369:389 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 369:425 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is a member of the genus Nocardia. 25896308 2 20 theme rhizosphere 197:207 arg1 soil 209:212 the rhizosphere soil 193:212 the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia Linn 193:230 A novel actinomycete, designated strain KLBMP S0043(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia Linn. 25896308 6 21 theme morphological 811:823 arg1 features 825:832 chemical and morphological features 798:832 chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose 798:1012 The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. 25896308 6 21 theme morphological 811:823 arg1 sugars 1032:1037 the diagnostic sugars 1017:1037 the diagnostic sugars 1017:1037 The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. 25896308 13 22 theme phylogenetic 1743:1754 arg1 data 1756:1759 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1709:1759 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1709:1759 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KLBMP S0043(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp. 25896308 5 23 theme 16S 502:504 arg1 similarity 525:534 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 498:534 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 498:534 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 15 24 theme = 1967:1967 arg1 T 1980:1980 T 1980:1980 T 1980:1980 The type strain is KLBMP S0043(T) (=CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678(T)). 25896308 15 24 theme = 1967:1967 arg1 29678 1974:1978 =CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678 1949:1978 =CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678(T) 1949:1981 The type strain is KLBMP S0043(T) (=CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678(T)). 25896308 15 24 theme = 1967:1967 arg1 S0043 1939:1943 KLBMP S0043 1933:1943 KLBMP S0043(T) (=CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678(T)) 1933:1982 The type strain is KLBMP S0043(T) (=CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678(T)). 25896308 6 25 theme chemical 798:805 arg1 features 825:832 chemical and morphological features 798:832 chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose 798:1012 The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. 25896308 6 25 theme chemical 798:805 arg1 sugars 1032:1037 the diagnostic sugars 1017:1037 the diagnostic sugars 1017:1037 The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. 25896308 3 26 theme east 304:307 arg1 China 309:313 east China 304:313 east China 304:313 collected from the coastal region of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, in east China and was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. 25896308 4 27 theme KLBMP 448:452 arg1 member 468:473 a member 466:473 a member of the genus Nocardia 466:495 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is a member of the genus Nocardia. 25896308 4 27 theme KLBMP 448:452 arg1 T 460:460 T 460:460 T 460:460 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is a member of the genus Nocardia. 25896308 4 27 theme KLBMP 448:452 arg1 S0043 454:458 strain KLBMP S0043 441:458 strain KLBMP S0043(T) 441:461 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is a member of the genus Nocardia. 25896308 5 28 theme gene 511:514 arg1 similarity 525:534 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 498:534 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 498:534 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 2 29 attach isolated 179:186 arg1 soil 209:212 the rhizosphere soil 193:212 the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia Linn 193:230 A novel actinomycete, designated strain KLBMP S0043(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia Linn. 25896308 2 29 attach isolated 179:186 arg2 actinomycete 127:138 A novel actinomycete 119:138 A novel actinomycete 119:138 A novel actinomycete, designated strain KLBMP S0043(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia Linn. 25896308 4 30 theme rRNA 408:411 arg1 sequence 418:425 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 400:425 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 400:425 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is a member of the genus Nocardia. 25896308 13 31 theme morphological 1709:1721 arg1 data 1756:1759 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1709:1759 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1709:1759 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KLBMP S0043(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp. 25896308 9 32 theme diagnostic 1135:1144 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1177:1198 diphosphatidylglycerol 1177:1198 diphosphatidylglycerol 1177:1198 The diagnostic phospholipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 25896308 9 32 theme diagnostic 1135:1144 arg1 phospholipids 1146:1158 The diagnostic phospholipids 1131:1158 The diagnostic phospholipids 1131:1158 The diagnostic phospholipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 25896308 10 33 theme C16:0 1341:1345 arg1 acids 1316:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1285:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1285:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 33 theme C16:0 1341:1345 arg1 TBSA 1405:1408 TBSA 1405:1408 TBSA 1405:1408 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 33 theme C16:0 1341:1345 arg1 acid 1399:1402 C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid 1341:1402 acid 1399:1402 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 33 theme C16:0 1341:1345 arg1 C18:1ω9c 1355:1362 C18:1ω9c 1355:1362 C18:1ω9c 1355:1362 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 33 theme C16:0 1341:1345 arg1 C18:0 1348:1352 C18:0 1348:1352 C18:0 1348:1352 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 13 34 theme chemotaxonomic 1724:1737 arg1 data 1756:1759 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1709:1759 morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1709:1759 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KLBMP S0043(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp. 25896308 0 35 theme Nocardia 0:7 arg1 sp 23:24 Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp 0:24 Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp. 0:25 Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp. 25896308 6 36 theme genus 876:880 arg1 Nocardia 882:889 the genus Nocardia 872:889 the genus Nocardia 872:889 The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. 25896308 10 37 theme 10-methyl 1365:1373 arg1 acids 1316:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1285:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1285:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 37 theme 10-methyl 1365:1373 arg1 TBSA 1405:1408 TBSA 1405:1408 TBSA 1405:1408 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 37 theme 10-methyl 1365:1373 arg1 acid 1399:1402 C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid 1341:1402 acid 1399:1402 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 37 theme 10-methyl 1365:1373 arg1 C18:1ω9c 1355:1362 C18:1ω9c 1355:1362 C18:1ω9c 1355:1362 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 37 theme 10-methyl 1365:1373 arg1 C18:0 1348:1352 C18:0 1348:1352 C18:0 1348:1352 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 15 38 theme KCTC 1969:1972 arg1 T 1980:1980 T 1980:1980 T 1980:1980 The type strain is KLBMP S0043(T) (=CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678(T)). 25896308 15 38 theme KCTC 1969:1972 arg1 29678 1974:1978 =CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678 1949:1978 =CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678(T) 1949:1981 The type strain is KLBMP S0043(T) (=CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678(T)). 25896308 15 38 theme KCTC 1969:1972 arg1 S0043 1939:1943 KLBMP S0043 1933:1943 KLBMP S0043(T) (=CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678(T)) 1933:1982 The type strain is KLBMP S0043(T) (=CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678(T)). 25896308 2 39 theme KLBMP 159:163 arg1 T 171:171 T 171:171 T 171:171 A novel actinomycete, designated strain KLBMP S0043(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia Linn. 25896308 2 39 theme KLBMP 159:163 arg1 S0043 165:169 strain KLBMP S0043 152:169 strain KLBMP S0043(T) 152:172 A novel actinomycete, designated strain KLBMP S0043(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia Linn. 25896308 5 40 theme Nocardia 643:650 arg1 % 688:688 97.38 % 682:688 97.38 % 682:688 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 5 40 theme Nocardia 643:650 arg1 T 678:678 T 678:678 T 678:678 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 5 40 theme Nocardia 643:650 arg1 OA6 674:676 Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6 643:676 Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %) 643:689 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 5 41 theme SBHR 669:672 arg1 % 688:688 97.38 % 682:688 97.38 % 682:688 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 5 41 theme SBHR 669:672 arg1 T 678:678 T 678:678 T 678:678 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 5 41 theme SBHR 669:672 arg1 OA6 674:676 Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6 643:676 Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %) 643:689 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 12 42 theme related 1683:1689 arg1 strains 1691:1697 its most closely related strains 1666:1697 its most closely related strains 1666:1697 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strain from its most closely related strains. 25896308 10 43 theme [tuberculostearic 1381:1397 arg1 acids 1316:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1285:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1285:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 43 theme [tuberculostearic 1381:1397 arg1 TBSA 1405:1408 TBSA 1405:1408 TBSA 1405:1408 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 43 theme [tuberculostearic 1381:1397 arg1 acid 1399:1402 C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid 1341:1402 acid 1399:1402 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 43 theme [tuberculostearic 1381:1397 arg1 C18:1ω9c 1355:1362 C18:1ω9c 1355:1362 C18:1ω9c 1355:1362 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 43 theme [tuberculostearic 1381:1397 arg1 C18:0 1348:1352 C18:0 1348:1352 C18:0 1348:1352 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 44 theme cellular 1301:1308 arg1 feature 1423:1429 summed feature 3 1416:1431 summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c) 1416:1451 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 44 theme cellular 1301:1308 arg1 acid 1399:1402 C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid 1341:1402 acid 1399:1402 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 44 theme cellular 1301:1308 arg1 acids 1316:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1285:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1285:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 6 45 from acid 950:953 arg1 peptidoglycan 972:984 the cell wall peptidoglycan 958:984 the cell wall peptidoglycan 958:984 The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. 25896308 15 46 theme type 1918:1921 arg1 strain 1923:1928 The type strain 1914:1928 The type strain 1914:1928 The type strain is KLBMP S0043(T) (=CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678(T)). 25896308 15 46 theme type 1918:1921 arg1 S0043 1939:1943 KLBMP S0043 1933:1943 KLBMP S0043(T) (=CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678(T)) 1933:1982 The type strain is KLBMP S0043(T) (=CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678(T)). 25896308 6 47 theme diagnostic 931:940 arg1 acid 950:953 the diagnostic diamino acid 927:953 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan 927:984 The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. 25896308 9 48 theme phosphatidylinositol 1252:1271 arg1 mannosides 1273:1282 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 1252:1282 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 1252:1282 The diagnostic phospholipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. 25896308 1 49 theme novel 35:39 arg1 actinomycete 41:52 a novel actinomycete 33:52 a novel actinomycete isolated from the coastal rhizosphere of Artemisia Linn., China 33:116 nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the coastal rhizosphere of Artemisia Linn., China. 25896308 12 50 theme strain 1654:1659 arg1 differentiation 1631:1645 genotypic and phenotypic differentiation 1606:1645 genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strain from its most closely related strains 1606:1697 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strain from its most closely related strains. 25896308 5 51 theme KLBMP 558:562 arg1 S0043 564:568 strain KLBMP S0043 551:568 strain KLBMP S0043(T) 551:571 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 5 51 theme KLBMP 558:562 arg1 T 570:570 T 570:570 T 570:570 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 13 52 theme genus 1834:1838 arg1 Nocardia 1840:1847 the genus Nocardia 1830:1847 the genus Nocardia 1830:1847 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KLBMP S0043(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp. 25896308 12 53 theme genotypic 1606:1614 arg1 differentiation 1631:1645 genotypic and phenotypic differentiation 1606:1645 genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strain from its most closely related strains 1606:1697 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strain from its most closely related strains. 25896308 6 54 theme meso-diaminopimelic 899:917 arg1 acid 919:922 meso-diaminopimelic acid 899:922 meso-diaminopimelic acid 899:922 The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. 25896308 4 55 theme genus 482:486 arg1 Nocardia 488:495 the genus Nocardia 478:495 the genus Nocardia 478:495 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is a member of the genus Nocardia. 25896308 11 56 theme DNA 1485:1487 arg1 content 1462:1468 The G+C content 1454:1468 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1454:1487 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 71.4 mol%. 25896308 11 56 theme DNA 1485:1487 arg1 % 1518:1518 71.4 mol% 1510:1518 71.4 mol% 1510:1518 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 71.4 mol%. 25896308 12 57 theme phenotypic 1620:1629 arg1 differentiation 1631:1645 genotypic and phenotypic differentiation 1606:1645 genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strain from its most closely related strains 1606:1697 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strain from its most closely related strains. 25896308 11 58 theme mol 1515:1517 arg1 content 1462:1468 The G+C content 1454:1468 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1454:1487 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 71.4 mol%. 25896308 11 58 theme mol 1515:1517 arg1 % 1518:1518 71.4 mol% 1510:1518 71.4 mol% 1510:1518 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 71.4 mol%. 25896308 13 59 theme novel 1813:1817 arg1 species 1819:1825 a novel species 1811:1825 a novel species 1811:1825 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KLBMP S0043(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp. 25896308 10 60 theme predominant 1289:1299 arg1 feature 1423:1429 summed feature 3 1416:1431 summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c) 1416:1451 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 60 theme predominant 1289:1299 arg1 acid 1399:1402 C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid 1341:1402 acid 1399:1402 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 60 theme predominant 1289:1299 arg1 acids 1316:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1285:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1285:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 12 61 theme tests 1592:1596 arg1 results 1525:1531 The results 1521:1531 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests 1521:1596 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strain from its most closely related strains. 25896308 6 62 theme wall 967:970 arg1 peptidoglycan 972:984 the cell wall peptidoglycan 958:984 the cell wall peptidoglycan 958:984 The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. 25896308 5 63 theme asteroides 604:613 arg1 T 626:626 T 626:626 T 626:626 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 5 63 theme asteroides 604:613 arg1 15531 620:624 Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531 595:624 Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) 595:637 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 5 63 theme asteroides 604:613 arg1 % 636:636 97.61 % 630:636 97.61 % 630:636 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 4 64 theme 16S 404:406 arg1 rRNA 408:411 the 16S rRNA 400:411 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 400:425 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is a member of the genus Nocardia. 25896308 3 65 from China 309:313 arg1 region 260:265 the coastal region 248:265 the coastal region of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, in east China 248:313 collected from the coastal region of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, in east China and was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. 25896308 5 66 theme genus 732:736 arg1 Nocardia 738:745 the genus Nocardia 728:745 the genus Nocardia 728:745 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 12 67 from strains 1691:1697 arg1 differentiation 1631:1645 genotypic and phenotypic differentiation 1606:1645 genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strain from its most closely related strains 1606:1697 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strain from its most closely related strains. 25896308 6 68 with consistent 834:843 arg1 classification 854:867 its classification 850:867 its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose 850:1012 The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. 25896308 8 69 theme Mycolic 1102:1108 arg1 acids 1110:1114 Mycolic acids 1102:1114 Mycolic acids 1102:1114 Mycolic acids were detected. 25896308 13 70 theme strain 1762:1767 arg1 T 1781:1781 T 1781:1781 T 1781:1781 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KLBMP S0043(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp. 25896308 13 70 theme strain 1762:1767 arg1 S0043 1775:1779 strain KLBMP S0043 1762:1779 strain KLBMP S0043(T) 1762:1782 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KLBMP S0043(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp. 25896308 1 71 theme China 112:116 arg1 rhizosphere 80:90 the coastal rhizosphere 68:90 the coastal rhizosphere of Artemisia Linn., China 68:116 nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the coastal rhizosphere of Artemisia Linn., China. 25896308 3 72 theme coastal 252:258 arg1 region 260:265 the coastal region 248:265 the coastal region of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, in east China 248:313 collected from the coastal region of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, in east China and was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. 25896308 6 73 theme diagnostic 1021:1030 arg1 features 825:832 chemical and morphological features 798:832 chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose 798:1012 The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. 25896308 6 73 theme diagnostic 1021:1030 arg1 sugars 1032:1037 the diagnostic sugars 1017:1037 the diagnostic sugars 1017:1037 The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. 25896308 7 74 theme predominant 1044:1054 arg1 MK-8 1086:1089 MK-8 1086:1089 MK-8(H4ω-cycl) 1086:1099 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-8(H4ω-cycl). 25896308 7 74 theme predominant 1044:1054 arg1 menaquinone 1056:1066 The predominant menaquinone 1040:1066 The predominant menaquinone 1040:1066 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-8(H4ω-cycl). 25896308 5 75 theme type 712:715 arg1 strains 717:723 other type strains 706:723 other type strains of the genus Nocardia 706:745 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 12 76 theme hybridization 1544:1556 arg1 results 1525:1531 The results 1521:1531 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests 1521:1596 The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strain from its most closely related strains. 25896308 3 77 theme Province 291:298 arg1 region 260:265 the coastal region 248:265 the coastal region of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, in east China 248:313 collected from the coastal region of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, in east China and was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. 25896308 4 78 theme strain 441:446 arg1 member 468:473 a member 466:473 a member of the genus Nocardia 466:495 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is a member of the genus Nocardia. 25896308 4 78 theme strain 441:446 arg1 T 460:460 T 460:460 T 460:460 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is a member of the genus Nocardia. 25896308 4 78 theme strain 441:446 arg1 S0043 454:458 strain KLBMP S0043 441:458 strain KLBMP S0043(T) 441:461 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is a member of the genus Nocardia. 25896308 5 79 theme rRNA 506:509 arg1 similarity 525:534 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 498:534 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 498:534 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 4 80 theme gene 413:416 arg1 sequence 418:425 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 400:425 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 400:425 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is a member of the genus Nocardia. 25896308 10 81 theme fatty 1310:1314 arg1 feature 1423:1429 summed feature 3 1416:1431 summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c) 1416:1451 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 81 theme fatty 1310:1314 arg1 acid 1399:1402 C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid 1341:1402 acid 1399:1402 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 81 theme fatty 1310:1314 arg1 acids 1316:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1285:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1285:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 6 82 from arabinose 990:998 arg1 peptidoglycan 972:984 the cell wall peptidoglycan 958:984 the cell wall peptidoglycan 958:984 The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. 25896308 13 83 theme name 1864:1867 arg1 sp 1892:1893 the name Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp 1860:1893 the name Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp 1860:1893 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KLBMP S0043(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp. 25896308 5 84 theme sequence 516:523 arg1 similarity 525:534 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 498:534 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 498:534 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 6 85 from galactose 1004:1012 arg1 peptidoglycan 972:984 the cell wall peptidoglycan 958:984 the cell wall peptidoglycan 958:984 The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. 25896308 0 86 theme rhizosphaerae 9:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp 0:24 Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp. 0:25 Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp. 25896308 13 87 theme rhizosphaerae 1878:1890 arg1 sp 1892:1893 the name Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp 1860:1893 the name Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp 1860:1893 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KLBMP S0043(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp. 25896308 1 88 theme coastal 72:78 arg1 rhizosphere 80:90 the coastal rhizosphere 68:90 the coastal rhizosphere of Artemisia Linn., China 68:116 nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the coastal rhizosphere of Artemisia Linn., China. 25896308 6 89 contain has 794:796 arg1 organism 785:792 The organism 781:792 The organism 781:792 The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. 25896308 6 89 contain has 794:796 arg2 sugars 1032:1037 the diagnostic sugars 1017:1037 the diagnostic sugars 1017:1037 The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. 25896308 6 89 contain has 794:796 arg2 features 825:832 chemical and morphological features 798:832 chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose 798:1012 The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. 25896308 15 90 theme KLBMP 1933:1937 arg1 29678 1974:1978 =CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678 1949:1978 =CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678(T) 1949:1981 The type strain is KLBMP S0043(T) (=CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678(T)). 25896308 15 90 theme KLBMP 1933:1937 arg1 T 1945:1945 T 1945:1945 T 1945:1945 The type strain is KLBMP S0043(T) (=CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678(T)). 25896308 15 90 theme KLBMP 1933:1937 arg1 strain 1923:1928 The type strain 1914:1928 The type strain 1914:1928 The type strain is KLBMP S0043(T) (=CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678(T)). 25896308 15 90 theme KLBMP 1933:1937 arg1 S0043 1939:1943 KLBMP S0043 1933:1943 KLBMP S0043(T) (=CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678(T)) 1933:1982 The type strain is KLBMP S0043(T) (=CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678(T)). 25896308 3 91 theme taxonomic 349:357 arg1 position 359:366 its taxonomic position 345:366 its taxonomic position 345:366 collected from the coastal region of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, in east China and was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. 25896308 2 92 theme strain 152:157 arg1 T 171:171 T 171:171 T 171:171 A novel actinomycete, designated strain KLBMP S0043(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia Linn. 25896308 2 92 theme strain 152:157 arg1 S0043 165:169 strain KLBMP S0043 152:169 strain KLBMP S0043(T) 152:172 A novel actinomycete, designated strain KLBMP S0043(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia Linn. 25896308 3 93 from region 260:265 arg1 China 309:313 east China 304:313 east China 304:313 collected from the coastal region of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, in east China and was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. 25896308 13 94 theme Nocardia 1840:1847 arg1 species 1819:1825 a novel species 1811:1825 a novel species 1811:1825 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KLBMP S0043(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp. 25896308 5 95 theme neocaledoniensis 652:667 arg1 % 688:688 97.38 % 682:688 97.38 % 682:688 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 5 95 theme neocaledoniensis 652:667 arg1 T 678:678 T 678:678 T 678:678 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 5 95 theme neocaledoniensis 652:667 arg1 OA6 674:676 Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6 643:676 Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %) 643:689 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. 25896308 13 96 theme Nocardia 1869:1876 arg1 sp 1892:1893 the name Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp 1860:1893 the name Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp 1860:1893 Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KLBMP S0043(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp. 25896308 6 97 theme diamino 942:948 arg1 acid 950:953 the diagnostic diamino acid 927:953 the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan 927:984 The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. 25896308 10 98 theme C18:0 1375:1379 arg1 acids 1316:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1285:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1285:1320 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 98 theme C18:0 1375:1379 arg1 TBSA 1405:1408 TBSA 1405:1408 TBSA 1405:1408 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 98 theme C18:0 1375:1379 arg1 acid 1399:1402 C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid 1341:1402 acid 1399:1402 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 98 theme C18:0 1375:1379 arg1 C18:1ω9c 1355:1362 C18:1ω9c 1355:1362 C18:1ω9c 1355:1362 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 10 98 theme C18:0 1375:1379 arg1 C18:0 1348:1352 C18:0 1348:1352 C18:0 1348:1352 The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). 25896308 11 99 theme G+C 1458:1460 arg1 content 1462:1468 The G+C content 1454:1468 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1454:1487 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 71.4 mol%. 25896308 11 99 theme G+C 1458:1460 arg1 % 1518:1518 71.4 mol% 1510:1518 71.4 mol% 1510:1518 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 71.4 mol%. 23633040 11 0 theme fermented 1311:1319 arg1 SM 1321:1322 The fermented SM 1307:1322 The fermented SM 1307:1322 The fermented SM has lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value for animal feed. 23633040 5 1 from g 682:682 arg1 temperature 628:638 a temperature 626:638 a temperature of 37 °C 626:647 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 5 1 from g 682:682 arg1 size 662:665 inoculum size 653:665 inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) 653:711 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 5 1 from g 682:682 arg1 combination 597:607 a combination 595:607 a combination of 41% moisture 595:623 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 6 2 theme second-stage 840:851 arg1 fermentation 853:864 second-stage fermentation 840:864 second-stage fermentation 840:864 By the end of second-stage fermentation, 57% phytic acid was degraded from SM fermented at 50 °C, compared with 39% of that fermented at 37 °C. 23633040 2 3 theme solid-state 283:293 arg1 fermentation 295:306 Aspergillus oryzae (ATCC 9362) solid-state fermentation 252:306 Aspergillus oryzae (ATCC 9362) solid-state fermentation 252:306 Aspergillus oryzae (ATCC 9362) solid-state fermentation was applied to degrade phytic acid in SM. 23633040 11 4 theme antinutritional 1334:1348 arg1 factors 1350:1356 antinutritional factors 1334:1356 antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) 1334:1421 The fermented SM has lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value for animal feed. 23633040 7 5 theme fermented 997:1005 arg1 SM 1007:1008 fermented SM 997:1008 fermented SM 997:1008 The nutritional profile of fermented SM was also studied. 23633040 5 6 theme composite 808:816 arg1 design 818:823 central composite design 800:823 central composite design 800:823 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 8 7 theme total 1096:1100 arg1 polysaccharides 1115:1129 total non-reducing polysaccharides 1096:1129 total non-reducing polysaccharides 1096:1129 Oligosaccharides were totally removed after fermentation and 67% of total non-reducing polysaccharides were decreased. 23633040 11 8 contain has 1324:1326 arg1 SM 1321:1322 The fermented SM 1307:1322 The fermented SM 1307:1322 The fermented SM has lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value for animal feed. 23633040 11 8 contain has 1324:1326 arg2 value 1446:1450 lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value 1328:1450 lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value for animal feed 1328:1466 The fermented SM has lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value for animal feed. 23633040 1 9 theme important 200:208 arg1 digestion 218:226 important mineral digestion 200:226 important mineral digestion 200:226 BACKGROUND Phytic acid of soy meal (SM) could influence protein and important mineral digestion of monogastric animals. 23633040 8 10 theme polysaccharides 1115:1129 arg1 polysaccharides 1115:1129 total non-reducing polysaccharides 1096:1129 total non-reducing polysaccharides 1096:1129 Oligosaccharides were totally removed after fermentation and 67% of total non-reducing polysaccharides were decreased. 23633040 8 10 theme polysaccharides 1115:1129 arg1 % 1091:1091 67% 1089:1091 67% of total non-reducing polysaccharides 1089:1129 Oligosaccharides were totally removed after fermentation and 67% of total non-reducing polysaccharides were decreased. 23633040 11 11 dep lower 1328:1332 arg1 factors 1350:1356 antinutritional factors 1334:1356 antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) 1334:1421 The fermented SM has lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value for animal feed. 23633040 1 12 theme Phytic 143:148 arg1 acid 150:153 BACKGROUND Phytic acid 132:153 BACKGROUND Phytic acid of soy meal (SM) 132:170 BACKGROUND Phytic acid of soy meal (SM) could influence protein and important mineral digestion of monogastric animals. 23633040 6 13 theme % 869:869 arg1 acid 878:881 57% phytic acid 867:881 57% phytic acid 867:881 By the end of second-stage fermentation, 57% phytic acid was degraded from SM fermented at 50 °C, compared with 39% of that fermented at 37 °C. 23633040 11 14 dep factors 1350:1356 arg1 oligosaccharides 1372:1387 oligosaccharides 1372:1387 oligosaccharides 1372:1387 The fermented SM has lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value for animal feed. 23633040 11 14 dep factors 1350:1356 arg1 polysaccharides 1406:1420 non-reducing polysaccharides 1393:1420 non-reducing polysaccharides 1393:1420 The fermented SM has lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value for animal feed. 23633040 11 14 dep factors 1350:1356 arg1 acid 1366:1369 phytic acid 1359:1369 phytic acid 1359:1369 The fermented SM has lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value for animal feed. 23633040 4 15 theme first 449:453 arg1 stage 455:459 The first stage 445:459 The first stage 445:459 The first stage was to maximize phytase production and the second stage was to realize the maximum enzymatic degradation. 23633040 11 16 theme higher 1427:1432 arg1 value 1446:1450 lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value 1328:1450 lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value for animal feed 1328:1466 The fermented SM has lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value for animal feed. 23633040 1 17 theme meal 162:165 arg1 acid 150:153 BACKGROUND Phytic acid 132:153 BACKGROUND Phytic acid of soy meal (SM) 132:170 BACKGROUND Phytic acid of soy meal (SM) could influence protein and important mineral digestion of monogastric animals. 23633040 0 18 theme temperature-induced 67:85 arg1 oryzae 99:104 two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation 57:129 two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation 57:129 High-efficiency removal of phytic acid in soy meal using two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation. 23633040 3 19 theme temperature 360:370 arg1 protocol 385:392 Two-stage temperature fermentation protocol 350:392 Two-stage temperature fermentation protocol 350:392 Two-stage temperature fermentation protocol was investigated to increase the degradation rate. 23633040 11 20 theme animal 1456:1461 arg1 feed 1463:1466 animal feed 1456:1466 animal feed 1456:1466 The fermented SM has lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value for animal feed. 23633040 5 21 theme 41 612:613 arg1 % 614:614 % 614:614 % 614:614 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 10 22 theme temperature 1203:1213 arg1 protocol 1215:1222 CONCLUSION Two-stage temperature protocol 1182:1222 CONCLUSION Two-stage temperature protocol 1182:1222 CONCLUSION Two-stage temperature protocol achieved better phytic acid degradation during A. oryzae solid state fermentation. 23633040 5 23 theme matter 699:704 arg1 basis 706:710 dry matter basis 695:710 dry matter basis 695:710 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 5 23 theme matter 699:704 arg1 g 682:682 5 g substrate 680:692 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) 680:711 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 5 24 theme first 582:586 arg1 stage 588:592 the first stage 578:592 the first stage 578:592 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 0 25 dep oryzae 99:104 arg1 fermentation 118:129 solid-state fermentation 106:129 two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation 57:129 High-efficiency removal of phytic acid in soy meal using two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation. 23633040 0 26 from acid 34:37 arg1 meal 46:49 soy meal 42:49 soy meal using two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation 42:129 High-efficiency removal of phytic acid in soy meal using two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation. 23633040 10 27 theme CONCLUSION 1182:1191 arg1 protocol 1215:1222 CONCLUSION Two-stage temperature protocol 1182:1222 CONCLUSION Two-stage temperature protocol 1182:1222 CONCLUSION Two-stage temperature protocol achieved better phytic acid degradation during A. oryzae solid state fermentation. 23633040 0 28 theme High-efficiency 0:14 arg1 removal 16:22 High-efficiency removal 0:22 High-efficiency removal of phytic acid in soy meal using two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation. 0:130 High-efficiency removal of phytic acid in soy meal using two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation. 23633040 10 29 theme phytic 1240:1245 arg1 degradation 1252:1262 better phytic acid degradation 1233:1262 better phytic acid degradation 1233:1262 CONCLUSION Two-stage temperature protocol achieved better phytic acid degradation during A. oryzae solid state fermentation. 23633040 3 30 theme degradation 427:437 arg1 rate 439:442 the degradation rate 423:442 the degradation rate 423:442 Two-stage temperature fermentation protocol was investigated to increase the degradation rate. 23633040 11 31 theme non-reducing 1393:1404 arg1 polysaccharides 1406:1420 non-reducing polysaccharides 1393:1420 non-reducing polysaccharides 1393:1420 The fermented SM has lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value for animal feed. 23633040 0 32 theme acid 34:37 arg1 removal 16:22 High-efficiency removal 0:22 High-efficiency removal of phytic acid in soy meal using two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation. 0:130 High-efficiency removal of phytic acid in soy meal using two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation. 23633040 10 33 theme A. 1271:1272 arg1 fermentation 1293:1304 A. oryzae solid state fermentation 1271:1304 A. oryzae solid state fermentation 1271:1304 CONCLUSION Two-stage temperature protocol achieved better phytic acid degradation during A. oryzae solid state fermentation. 23633040 0 34 theme soy 42:44 arg1 meal 46:49 soy meal 42:49 soy meal using two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation 42:129 High-efficiency removal of phytic acid in soy meal using two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation. 23633040 4 35 theme enzymatic 544:552 arg1 degradation 554:564 the maximum enzymatic degradation 532:564 the maximum enzymatic degradation 532:564 The first stage was to maximize phytase production and the second stage was to realize the maximum enzymatic degradation. 23633040 7 36 theme SM 1007:1008 arg1 profile 986:992 The nutritional profile 970:992 The nutritional profile of fermented SM 970:1008 The nutritional profile of fermented SM was also studied. 23633040 1 37 theme animals 243:249 arg1 protein 188:194 protein 188:194 protein 188:194 BACKGROUND Phytic acid of soy meal (SM) could influence protein and important mineral digestion of monogastric animals. 23633040 1 37 theme animals 243:249 arg1 digestion 218:226 important mineral digestion 200:226 important mineral digestion 200:226 BACKGROUND Phytic acid of soy meal (SM) could influence protein and important mineral digestion of monogastric animals. 23633040 6 38 theme 57 867:868 arg1 % 869:869 % 869:869 % 869:869 By the end of second-stage fermentation, 57% phytic acid was degraded from SM fermented at 50 °C, compared with 39% of that fermented at 37 °C. 23633040 10 39 theme solid 1281:1285 arg1 fermentation 1293:1304 A. oryzae solid state fermentation 1271:1304 A. oryzae solid state fermentation 1271:1304 CONCLUSION Two-stage temperature protocol achieved better phytic acid degradation during A. oryzae solid state fermentation. 23633040 6 40 theme fermentation 853:864 arg1 end 833:835 the end 829:835 the end of second-stage fermentation 829:864 By the end of second-stage fermentation, 57% phytic acid was degraded from SM fermented at 50 °C, compared with 39% of that fermented at 37 °C. 23633040 2 41 from acid 338:341 arg1 SM 346:347 SM 346:347 SM 346:347 Aspergillus oryzae (ATCC 9362) solid-state fermentation was applied to degrade phytic acid in SM. 23633040 5 42 theme °C 646:647 arg1 temperature 628:638 a temperature 626:638 a temperature of 37 °C 626:647 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 5 42 theme °C 646:647 arg1 size 662:665 inoculum size 653:665 inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) 653:711 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 5 42 theme °C 646:647 arg1 combination 597:607 a combination 595:607 a combination of 41% moisture 595:623 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 5 43 from mL 674:675 arg1 basis 706:710 dry matter basis 695:710 dry matter basis 695:710 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 5 43 from mL 674:675 arg1 g 682:682 5 g substrate 680:692 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) 680:711 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 11 44 theme lower 1328:1332 arg1 value 1446:1450 lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value 1328:1450 lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value for animal feed 1328:1466 The fermented SM has lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value for animal feed. 23633040 5 45 theme moisture 616:623 arg1 temperature 628:638 a temperature 626:638 a temperature of 37 °C 626:647 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 5 45 theme moisture 616:623 arg1 size 662:665 inoculum size 653:665 inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) 653:711 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 5 45 theme moisture 616:623 arg1 combination 597:607 a combination 595:607 a combination of 41% moisture 595:623 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 5 46 theme central 800:806 arg1 design 818:823 central composite design 800:823 central composite design 800:823 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 5 47 theme maximum 721:727 arg1 production 737:746 maximum phytase production 721:746 maximum phytase production 721:746 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 7 48 theme nutritional 974:984 arg1 profile 986:992 The nutritional profile 970:992 The nutritional profile of fermented SM 970:1008 The nutritional profile of fermented SM was also studied. 23633040 5 49 theme mL 674:675 arg1 temperature 628:638 a temperature 626:638 a temperature of 37 °C 626:647 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 5 49 theme mL 674:675 arg1 size 662:665 inoculum size 653:665 inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) 653:711 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 5 49 theme mL 674:675 arg1 combination 597:607 a combination 595:607 a combination of 41% moisture 595:623 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 5 50 theme U 783:783 arg1 activity 766:773 phytase activity 758:773 phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design 758:823 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 9 51 theme Protein 1147:1153 arg1 content 1155:1161 Protein content 1147:1161 Protein content 1147:1161 Protein content increased by 9.5%. 23633040 10 52 dep A. 1271:1272 arg1 oryzae 1274:1279 oryzae 1274:1279 oryzae 1274:1279 CONCLUSION Two-stage temperature protocol achieved better phytic acid degradation during A. oryzae solid state fermentation. 23633040 1 53 theme mineral 210:216 arg1 digestion 218:226 important mineral digestion 200:226 important mineral digestion 200:226 BACKGROUND Phytic acid of soy meal (SM) could influence protein and important mineral digestion of monogastric animals. 23633040 8 54 theme non-reducing 1102:1113 arg1 polysaccharides 1115:1129 total non-reducing polysaccharides 1096:1129 total non-reducing polysaccharides 1096:1129 Oligosaccharides were totally removed after fermentation and 67% of total non-reducing polysaccharides were decreased. 23633040 4 55 theme phytase 477:483 arg1 production 485:494 phytase production 477:494 phytase production 477:494 The first stage was to maximize phytase production and the second stage was to realize the maximum enzymatic degradation. 23633040 5 56 theme substrate 684:692 arg1 basis 706:710 dry matter basis 695:710 dry matter basis 695:710 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 5 56 theme substrate 684:692 arg1 g 682:682 5 g substrate 680:692 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) 680:711 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 5 57 theme inoculum 653:660 arg1 size 662:665 inoculum size 653:665 inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) 653:711 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 1 58 theme BACKGROUND 132:141 arg1 acid 150:153 BACKGROUND Phytic acid 132:153 BACKGROUND Phytic acid of soy meal (SM) 132:170 BACKGROUND Phytic acid of soy meal (SM) could influence protein and important mineral digestion of monogastric animals. 23633040 6 59 theme phytic 871:876 arg1 acid 878:881 57% phytic acid 867:881 57% phytic acid 867:881 By the end of second-stage fermentation, 57% phytic acid was degraded from SM fermented at 50 °C, compared with 39% of that fermented at 37 °C. 23633040 11 60 theme nutritional 1434:1444 arg1 value 1446:1450 lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value 1328:1450 lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value for animal feed 1328:1466 The fermented SM has lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value for animal feed. 23633040 0 61 theme two-stage 57:65 arg1 oryzae 99:104 two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation 57:129 two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation 57:129 High-efficiency removal of phytic acid in soy meal using two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation. 23633040 2 62 theme oryzae 264:269 arg1 fermentation 295:306 Aspergillus oryzae (ATCC 9362) solid-state fermentation 252:306 Aspergillus oryzae (ATCC 9362) solid-state fermentation 252:306 Aspergillus oryzae (ATCC 9362) solid-state fermentation was applied to degrade phytic acid in SM. 23633040 1 63 theme soy 158:160 arg1 meal 162:165 soy meal 158:165 soy meal (SM) 158:170 BACKGROUND Phytic acid of soy meal (SM) could influence protein and important mineral digestion of monogastric animals. 23633040 1 63 theme soy 158:160 arg1 SM 168:169 SM 168:169 SM 168:169 BACKGROUND Phytic acid of soy meal (SM) could influence protein and important mineral digestion of monogastric animals. 23633040 0 64 theme Aspergillus 87:97 arg1 oryzae 99:104 two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation 57:129 two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation 57:129 High-efficiency removal of phytic acid in soy meal using two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation. 23633040 5 65 from combination 597:607 arg1 basis 706:710 dry matter basis 695:710 dry matter basis 695:710 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 5 65 from combination 597:607 arg1 g 682:682 5 g substrate 680:692 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) 680:711 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 0 66 from removal 16:22 arg1 meal 46:49 soy meal 42:49 soy meal using two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation 42:129 High-efficiency removal of phytic acid in soy meal using two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation. 23633040 0 67 theme solid-state 106:116 arg1 fermentation 118:129 solid-state fermentation 106:129 two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation 57:129 High-efficiency removal of phytic acid in soy meal using two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation. 23633040 3 68 theme fermentation 372:383 arg1 protocol 385:392 Two-stage temperature fermentation protocol 350:392 Two-stage temperature fermentation protocol 350:392 Two-stage temperature fermentation protocol was investigated to increase the degradation rate. 23633040 0 69 from meal 46:49 arg1 removal 16:22 High-efficiency removal 0:22 High-efficiency removal of phytic acid in soy meal using two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation. 0:130 High-efficiency removal of phytic acid in soy meal using two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation. 23633040 5 70 theme dry 695:697 arg1 basis 706:710 dry matter basis 695:710 dry matter basis 695:710 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 5 70 theme dry 695:697 arg1 g 682:682 5 g substrate 680:692 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) 680:711 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 5 71 theme % 614:614 arg1 moisture 616:623 41% moisture 612:623 41% moisture 612:623 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 3 72 theme Two-stage 350:358 arg1 protocol 385:392 Two-stage temperature fermentation protocol 350:392 Two-stage temperature fermentation protocol 350:392 Two-stage temperature fermentation protocol was investigated to increase the degradation rate. 23633040 4 73 theme second 504:509 arg1 stage 511:515 the second stage 500:515 the second stage 500:515 The first stage was to maximize phytase production and the second stage was to realize the maximum enzymatic degradation. 23633040 1 74 theme monogastric 231:241 arg1 animals 243:249 monogastric animals 231:249 monogastric animals 231:249 BACKGROUND Phytic acid of soy meal (SM) could influence protein and important mineral digestion of monogastric animals. 23633040 10 75 theme Two-stage 1193:1201 arg1 protocol 1215:1222 CONCLUSION Two-stage temperature protocol 1182:1222 CONCLUSION Two-stage temperature protocol 1182:1222 CONCLUSION Two-stage temperature protocol achieved better phytic acid degradation during A. oryzae solid state fermentation. 23633040 5 76 theme phytase 758:764 arg1 activity 766:773 phytase activity 758:773 phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design 758:823 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 10 77 theme acid 1247:1250 arg1 degradation 1252:1262 better phytic acid degradation 1233:1262 better phytic acid degradation 1233:1262 CONCLUSION Two-stage temperature protocol achieved better phytic acid degradation during A. oryzae solid state fermentation. 23633040 0 78 theme phytic 27:32 arg1 acid 34:37 phytic acid 27:37 phytic acid in soy meal using two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation 27:129 High-efficiency removal of phytic acid in soy meal using two-stage temperature-induced Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation. 23633040 5 79 from temperature 628:638 arg1 basis 706:710 dry matter basis 695:710 dry matter basis 695:710 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 5 79 from temperature 628:638 arg1 g 682:682 5 g substrate 680:692 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) 680:711 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 10 80 theme better 1233:1238 arg1 degradation 1252:1262 better phytic acid degradation 1233:1262 better phytic acid degradation 1233:1262 CONCLUSION Two-stage temperature protocol achieved better phytic acid degradation during A. oryzae solid state fermentation. 23633040 5 81 theme phytase 729:735 arg1 production 737:746 maximum phytase production 721:746 maximum phytase production 721:746 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 6 82 theme that 945:948 arg1 that 945:948 that 945:948 that 945:948 By the end of second-stage fermentation, 57% phytic acid was degraded from SM fermented at 50 °C, compared with 39% of that fermented at 37 °C. 23633040 6 82 theme that 945:948 arg1 % 940:940 39% 938:940 39% of that fermented at 37 °C 938:967 By the end of second-stage fermentation, 57% phytic acid was degraded from SM fermented at 50 °C, compared with 39% of that fermented at 37 °C. 23633040 4 83 theme maximum 536:542 arg1 degradation 554:564 the maximum enzymatic degradation 532:564 the maximum enzymatic degradation 532:564 The first stage was to maximize phytase production and the second stage was to realize the maximum enzymatic degradation. 23633040 2 84 theme phytic 331:336 arg1 acid 338:341 phytic acid 331:341 phytic acid in SM 331:347 Aspergillus oryzae (ATCC 9362) solid-state fermentation was applied to degrade phytic acid in SM. 23633040 11 85 theme phytic 1359:1364 arg1 acid 1366:1369 phytic acid 1359:1369 phytic acid 1359:1369 The fermented SM has lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value for animal feed. 23633040 10 86 theme state 1287:1291 arg1 fermentation 1293:1304 A. oryzae solid state fermentation 1271:1304 A. oryzae solid state fermentation 1271:1304 CONCLUSION Two-stage temperature protocol achieved better phytic acid degradation during A. oryzae solid state fermentation. 23633040 5 87 from size 662:665 arg1 basis 706:710 dry matter basis 695:710 dry matter basis 695:710 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 23633040 5 87 from size 662:665 arg1 g 682:682 5 g substrate 680:692 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) 680:711 RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. 24591377 10 0 theme near 1469:1472 arg1 levels 1484:1489 near wild-type levels 1469:1489 near wild-type levels 1469:1489 When IL-6R was blocked, LPS-responsive IκBε(-/-) B cell proliferation was reduced to near wild-type levels. 24591377 2 1 theme negative 318:325 arg1 IκBε 347:350 IκBε 347:350 IκBε 347:350 We investigated another negative feedback regulator, IκBε, in the regulation of B cell proliferation and survival. 24591377 2 1 theme negative 318:325 arg1 regulator 336:344 another negative feedback regulator 310:344 another negative feedback regulator 310:344 We investigated another negative feedback regulator, IκBε, in the regulation of B cell proliferation and survival. 24591377 1 2 theme only 220:223 arg1 IκBα 225:228 only IκBα 220:228 only IκBα 220:228 The transcription factor NF-κB is a regulator of inflammatory and adaptive immune responses, yet only IκBα was shown to limit NF-κB activation and inflammatory responses. 24591377 6 3 theme genes 855:859 arg1 promoters 827:835 the promoters 823:835 the promoters of hyperactivated genes 823:859 The corresponding dimer-specific sequences were found in the promoters of hyperactivated genes. 24591377 7 4 from cells 924:928 arg1 model 883:887 a mathematical model 868:887 a mathematical model of the NF-κB-signaling system in B cells 868:928 Using a mathematical model of the NF-κB-signaling system in B cells, we demonstrated that kinetic considerations of IκB kinase-signaling input and IκBε's interactions with RelA- and cRel-specific dimers could account for this stimulus specificity. 24591377 8 5 theme key 1134:1136 arg1 regulator 1138:1146 the key regulator 1130:1146 the key regulator of B cell expansion 1130:1166 cRel is known to be the key regulator of B cell expansion. 24591377 8 5 theme key 1134:1136 arg1 cRel 1110:1113 cRel 1110:1113 cRel 1110:1113 cRel is known to be the key regulator of B cell expansion. 24591377 5 6 theme cRel 659:662 arg1 dimers 664:669 cRel dimers 659:669 cRel dimers 659:669 In response to IgM, cRel dimers were elevated in IκBε-deficient cells, yet in response to LPS, RelA dimers also were elevated. 24591377 3 7 theme innate 512:517 arg1 stimulation 519:529 innate stimulation 512:529 innate stimulation 512:529 Loss of IκBε resulted in increased B cell proliferation and survival in response to both antigenic and innate stimulation. 24591377 8 8 theme cell 1153:1156 arg1 expansion 1158:1166 B cell expansion 1151:1166 B cell expansion 1151:1166 cRel is known to be the key regulator of B cell expansion. 24591377 9 9 theme B 1375:1375 arg1 cells 1377:1381 IκBε(-/-) B cells 1365:1381 IκBε(-/-) B cells 1365:1381 We found that the RelA-specific phenotype in LPS-stimulated cells was physiologically relevant: unbiased transcriptome profiling revealed that the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was hyperactivated in IκBε(-/-) B cells. 24591377 11 10 dep RelA-containing 1681:1695 arg1 NF-κB 1697:1701 NF-κB 1697:1701 NF-κB 1697:1701 Our results provide novel evidence for a critical role for immune-response functions of IκBε in B cells; it regulates proliferative capacity via at least two mechanisms involving cRel- and RelA-containing NF-κB dimers. 24591377 9 11 theme RelA-specific 1187:1199 arg1 phenotype 1201:1209 the RelA-specific phenotype 1183:1209 the RelA-specific phenotype in LPS-stimulated cells 1183:1233 We found that the RelA-specific phenotype in LPS-stimulated cells was physiologically relevant: unbiased transcriptome profiling revealed that the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was hyperactivated in IκBε(-/-) B cells. 24591377 9 11 theme RelA-specific 1187:1199 arg1 relevant 1255:1262 relevant 1255:1262 relevant 1255:1262 We found that the RelA-specific phenotype in LPS-stimulated cells was physiologically relevant: unbiased transcriptome profiling revealed that the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was hyperactivated in IκBε(-/-) B cells. 24591377 11 12 theme RelA-containing 1681:1695 arg1 dimers 1703:1708 RelA-containing NF-κB dimers 1681:1708 RelA-containing NF-κB dimers 1681:1708 Our results provide novel evidence for a critical role for immune-response functions of IκBε in B cells; it regulates proliferative capacity via at least two mechanisms involving cRel- and RelA-containing NF-κB dimers. 24591377 7 13 theme kinase-signaling 982:997 arg1 input 999:1003 IκB kinase-signaling input 978:1003 IκB kinase-signaling input 978:1003 Using a mathematical model of the NF-κB-signaling system in B cells, we demonstrated that kinetic considerations of IκB kinase-signaling input and IκBε's interactions with RelA- and cRel-specific dimers could account for this stimulus specificity. 24591377 3 14 dep antigenic 498:506 arg1 response 481:488 response 481:488 response 481:488 Loss of IκBε resulted in increased B cell proliferation and survival in response to both antigenic and innate stimulation. 24591377 0 15 from feedback 66:73 arg1 RelA 87:90 RelA 87:90 RelA 87:90 IκBε is a key regulator of B cell expansion by providing negative feedback on cRel and RelA in a stimulus-specific manner. 24591377 0 15 from feedback 66:73 arg1 cRel 78:81 cRel 78:81 cRel 78:81 IκBε is a key regulator of B cell expansion by providing negative feedback on cRel and RelA in a stimulus-specific manner. 24591377 3 16 theme IκBε 417:420 arg1 Loss 409:412 Loss 409:412 Loss of IκBε 409:420 Loss of IκBε resulted in increased B cell proliferation and survival in response to both antigenic and innate stimulation. 24591377 6 17 located found 814:818 arg1 promoters 827:835 the promoters 823:835 the promoters of hyperactivated genes 823:859 The corresponding dimer-specific sequences were found in the promoters of hyperactivated genes. 24591377 6 17 located found 814:818 arg2 sequences 799:807 The corresponding dimer-specific sequences 766:807 The corresponding dimer-specific sequences 766:807 The corresponding dimer-specific sequences were found in the promoters of hyperactivated genes. 24591377 0 18 theme expansion 34:42 arg1 IκBε 0:3 IκBε 0:3 IκBε 0:3 IκBε is a key regulator of B cell expansion by providing negative feedback on cRel and RelA in a stimulus-specific manner. 24591377 0 18 theme expansion 34:42 arg1 regulator 14:22 a key regulator 8:22 a key regulator of B cell expansion 8:42 IκBε is a key regulator of B cell expansion by providing negative feedback on cRel and RelA in a stimulus-specific manner. 24591377 1 19 theme transcription 127:139 arg1 factor 141:146 The transcription factor 123:146 The transcription factor NF-κB 123:152 The transcription factor NF-κB is a regulator of inflammatory and adaptive immune responses, yet only IκBα was shown to limit NF-κB activation and inflammatory responses. 24591377 1 19 theme transcription 127:139 arg1 regulator 159:167 a regulator 157:167 a regulator of inflammatory and adaptive immune responses 157:213 The transcription factor NF-κB is a regulator of inflammatory and adaptive immune responses, yet only IκBα was shown to limit NF-κB activation and inflammatory responses. 24591377 7 20 theme NF-κB-signaling 896:910 arg1 system 912:917 the NF-κB-signaling system 892:917 the NF-κB-signaling system in B cells 892:928 Using a mathematical model of the NF-κB-signaling system in B cells, we demonstrated that kinetic considerations of IκB kinase-signaling input and IκBε's interactions with RelA- and cRel-specific dimers could account for this stimulus specificity. 24591377 9 21 theme transcriptome 1274:1286 arg1 profiling 1288:1296 unbiased transcriptome profiling 1265:1296 unbiased transcriptome profiling 1265:1296 We found that the RelA-specific phenotype in LPS-stimulated cells was physiologically relevant: unbiased transcriptome profiling revealed that the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was hyperactivated in IκBε(-/-) B cells. 24591377 9 22 theme inflammatory 1316:1327 arg1 IL-6 1338:1341 the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 1312:1341 the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 1312:1341 We found that the RelA-specific phenotype in LPS-stimulated cells was physiologically relevant: unbiased transcriptome profiling revealed that the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was hyperactivated in IκBε(-/-) B cells. 24591377 10 23 theme LPS-responsive 1408:1421 arg1 -/- 1428:1430 -/- 1428:1430 -/- 1428:1430 When IL-6R was blocked, LPS-responsive IκBε(-/-) B cell proliferation was reduced to near wild-type levels. 24591377 10 23 theme LPS-responsive 1408:1421 arg1 IκBε 1423:1426 LPS-responsive IκBε 1408:1426 LPS-responsive IκBε(-/-) B cell proliferation 1408:1452 When IL-6R was blocked, LPS-responsive IκBε(-/-) B cell proliferation was reduced to near wild-type levels. 24591377 7 24 theme mathematical 870:881 arg1 model 883:887 a mathematical model 868:887 a mathematical model of the NF-κB-signaling system in B cells 868:928 Using a mathematical model of the NF-κB-signaling system in B cells, we demonstrated that kinetic considerations of IκB kinase-signaling input and IκBε's interactions with RelA- and cRel-specific dimers could account for this stimulus specificity. 24591377 10 25 theme cell 1435:1438 arg1 proliferation 1440:1452 LPS-responsive IκBε(-/-) B cell proliferation 1408:1452 LPS-responsive IκBε(-/-) B cell proliferation 1408:1452 When IL-6R was blocked, LPS-responsive IκBε(-/-) B cell proliferation was reduced to near wild-type levels. 24591377 2 26 theme cell 376:379 arg1 regulation 360:369 the regulation 356:369 the regulation of B cell proliferation and survival 356:406 We investigated another negative feedback regulator, IκBε, in the regulation of B cell proliferation and survival. 24591377 12 27 theme negative-feedback 1822:1838 arg1 regulators 1840:1849 negative-feedback regulators 1822:1849 negative-feedback regulators 1822:1849 This study illustrates the importance of kinetic considerations in understanding the functional specificity of negative-feedback regulators. 24591377 9 28 theme cytokine 1329:1336 arg1 IL-6 1338:1341 the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 1312:1341 the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 1312:1341 We found that the RelA-specific phenotype in LPS-stimulated cells was physiologically relevant: unbiased transcriptome profiling revealed that the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was hyperactivated in IκBε(-/-) B cells. 24591377 12 29 theme considerations 1760:1773 arg1 importance 1738:1747 the importance 1734:1747 the importance of kinetic considerations in understanding the functional specificity of negative-feedback regulators 1734:1849 This study illustrates the importance of kinetic considerations in understanding the functional specificity of negative-feedback regulators. 24591377 2 30 dep cell 376:379 arg1 survival 399:406 survival 399:406 survival 399:406 We investigated another negative feedback regulator, IκBε, in the regulation of B cell proliferation and survival. 24591377 2 30 dep cell 376:379 arg1 proliferation 381:393 proliferation 381:393 proliferation 381:393 We investigated another negative feedback regulator, IκBε, in the regulation of B cell proliferation and survival. 24591377 11 31 theme critical 1533:1540 arg1 role 1542:1545 a critical role 1531:1545 a critical role for immune-response functions of IκBε in B cells 1531:1594 Our results provide novel evidence for a critical role for immune-response functions of IκBε in B cells; it regulates proliferative capacity via at least two mechanisms involving cRel- and RelA-containing NF-κB dimers. 24591377 3 32 theme B 444:444 arg1 proliferation 451:463 increased B cell proliferation 434:463 increased B cell proliferation 434:463 Loss of IκBε resulted in increased B cell proliferation and survival in response to both antigenic and innate stimulation. 24591377 5 33 theme RelA 734:737 arg1 dimers 739:744 RelA dimers 734:744 RelA dimers 734:744 In response to IgM, cRel dimers were elevated in IκBε-deficient cells, yet in response to LPS, RelA dimers also were elevated. 24591377 1 34 theme inflammatory 270:281 arg1 responses 283:291 inflammatory responses 270:291 inflammatory responses 270:291 The transcription factor NF-κB is a regulator of inflammatory and adaptive immune responses, yet only IκBα was shown to limit NF-κB activation and inflammatory responses. 24591377 6 35 theme dimer-specific 784:797 arg1 sequences 799:807 The corresponding dimer-specific sequences 766:807 The corresponding dimer-specific sequences 766:807 The corresponding dimer-specific sequences were found in the promoters of hyperactivated genes. 24591377 1 36 theme adaptive 189:196 arg1 responses 205:213 adaptive immune responses 189:213 adaptive immune responses 189:213 The transcription factor NF-κB is a regulator of inflammatory and adaptive immune responses, yet only IκBα was shown to limit NF-κB activation and inflammatory responses. 24591377 1 37 theme responses 205:213 arg1 factor 141:146 The transcription factor 123:146 The transcription factor NF-κB 123:152 The transcription factor NF-κB is a regulator of inflammatory and adaptive immune responses, yet only IκBα was shown to limit NF-κB activation and inflammatory responses. 24591377 1 37 theme responses 205:213 arg1 regulator 159:167 a regulator 157:167 a regulator of inflammatory and adaptive immune responses 157:213 The transcription factor NF-κB is a regulator of inflammatory and adaptive immune responses, yet only IκBα was shown to limit NF-κB activation and inflammatory responses. 24591377 0 38 theme cell 29:32 arg1 expansion 34:42 B cell expansion 27:42 B cell expansion 27:42 IκBε is a key regulator of B cell expansion by providing negative feedback on cRel and RelA in a stimulus-specific manner. 24591377 10 39 theme wild-type 1474:1482 arg1 levels 1484:1489 near wild-type levels 1469:1489 near wild-type levels 1469:1489 When IL-6R was blocked, LPS-responsive IκBε(-/-) B cell proliferation was reduced to near wild-type levels. 24591377 11 40 theme B 1588:1588 arg1 cells 1590:1594 B cells 1588:1594 B cells 1588:1594 Our results provide novel evidence for a critical role for immune-response functions of IκBε in B cells; it regulates proliferative capacity via at least two mechanisms involving cRel- and RelA-containing NF-κB dimers. 24591377 2 41 theme feedback 327:334 arg1 IκBε 347:350 IκBε 347:350 IκBε 347:350 We investigated another negative feedback regulator, IκBε, in the regulation of B cell proliferation and survival. 24591377 2 41 theme feedback 327:334 arg1 regulator 336:344 another negative feedback regulator 310:344 another negative feedback regulator 310:344 We investigated another negative feedback regulator, IκBε, in the regulation of B cell proliferation and survival. 24591377 9 42 from phenotype 1201:1209 arg1 cells 1229:1233 LPS-stimulated cells 1214:1233 LPS-stimulated cells 1214:1233 We found that the RelA-specific phenotype in LPS-stimulated cells was physiologically relevant: unbiased transcriptome profiling revealed that the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was hyperactivated in IκBε(-/-) B cells. 24591377 4 43 theme NF-κB 532:536 arg1 activity 538:545 NF-κB activity 532:545 NF-κB activity 532:545 NF-κB activity was elevated during late-phase activation, but the dimer composition was stimulus specific. 24591377 11 44 theme IκBε 1580:1583 arg1 functions 1567:1575 immune-response functions 1551:1575 immune-response functions of IκBε 1551:1583 Our results provide novel evidence for a critical role for immune-response functions of IκBε in B cells; it regulates proliferative capacity via at least two mechanisms involving cRel- and RelA-containing NF-κB dimers. 24591377 6 45 theme hyperactivated 840:853 arg1 genes 855:859 hyperactivated genes 840:859 hyperactivated genes 840:859 The corresponding dimer-specific sequences were found in the promoters of hyperactivated genes. 24591377 7 46 theme cRel-specific 1044:1056 arg1 dimers 1058:1063 RelA- and cRel-specific dimers 1034:1063 RelA- and cRel-specific dimers 1034:1063 Using a mathematical model of the NF-κB-signaling system in B cells, we demonstrated that kinetic considerations of IκB kinase-signaling input and IκBε's interactions with RelA- and cRel-specific dimers could account for this stimulus specificity. 24591377 11 47 from role 1542:1545 arg1 cells 1590:1594 B cells 1588:1594 B cells 1588:1594 Our results provide novel evidence for a critical role for immune-response functions of IκBε in B cells; it regulates proliferative capacity via at least two mechanisms involving cRel- and RelA-containing NF-κB dimers. 24591377 0 48 theme B 27:27 arg1 expansion 34:42 B cell expansion 27:42 B cell expansion 27:42 IκBε is a key regulator of B cell expansion by providing negative feedback on cRel and RelA in a stimulus-specific manner. 24591377 7 49 theme RelA- 1034:1038 arg1 dimers 1058:1063 RelA- and cRel-specific dimers 1034:1063 RelA- and cRel-specific dimers 1034:1063 Using a mathematical model of the NF-κB-signaling system in B cells, we demonstrated that kinetic considerations of IκB kinase-signaling input and IκBε's interactions with RelA- and cRel-specific dimers could account for this stimulus specificity. 24591377 11 50 theme novel 1512:1516 arg1 evidence 1518:1525 novel evidence 1512:1525 novel evidence for a critical role for immune-response functions of IκBε in B cells 1512:1594 Our results provide novel evidence for a critical role for immune-response functions of IκBε in B cells; it regulates proliferative capacity via at least two mechanisms involving cRel- and RelA-containing NF-κB dimers. 24591377 5 51 dep LPS 729:731 arg1 response 717:724 response 717:724 response 717:724 In response to IgM, cRel dimers were elevated in IκBε-deficient cells, yet in response to LPS, RelA dimers also were elevated. 24591377 0 52 theme stimulus-specific 97:113 arg1 manner 115:120 a stimulus-specific manner 95:120 a stimulus-specific manner 95:120 IκBε is a key regulator of B cell expansion by providing negative feedback on cRel and RelA in a stimulus-specific manner. 24591377 1 53 theme inflammatory 172:183 arg1 factor 141:146 The transcription factor 123:146 The transcription factor NF-κB 123:152 The transcription factor NF-κB is a regulator of inflammatory and adaptive immune responses, yet only IκBα was shown to limit NF-κB activation and inflammatory responses. 24591377 1 53 theme inflammatory 172:183 arg1 regulator 159:167 a regulator 157:167 a regulator of inflammatory and adaptive immune responses 157:213 The transcription factor NF-κB is a regulator of inflammatory and adaptive immune responses, yet only IκBα was shown to limit NF-κB activation and inflammatory responses. 24591377 8 54 theme B 1151:1151 arg1 expansion 1158:1166 B cell expansion 1151:1166 B cell expansion 1151:1166 cRel is known to be the key regulator of B cell expansion. 24591377 4 55 theme dimer 598:602 arg1 composition 604:614 the dimer composition 594:614 the dimer composition 594:614 NF-κB activity was elevated during late-phase activation, but the dimer composition was stimulus specific. 24591377 4 55 theme dimer 598:602 arg1 specific 629:636 specific 629:636 specific 629:636 NF-κB activity was elevated during late-phase activation, but the dimer composition was stimulus specific. 24591377 7 56 theme input 999:1003 arg1 interactions 1016:1027 IκBε's interactions 1009:1027 IκBε's interactions with RelA- and cRel-specific dimers 1009:1063 Using a mathematical model of the NF-κB-signaling system in B cells, we demonstrated that kinetic considerations of IκB kinase-signaling input and IκBε's interactions with RelA- and cRel-specific dimers could account for this stimulus specificity. 24591377 7 56 theme input 999:1003 arg1 considerations 960:973 kinetic considerations 952:973 kinetic considerations of IκB kinase-signaling input 952:1003 Using a mathematical model of the NF-κB-signaling system in B cells, we demonstrated that kinetic considerations of IκB kinase-signaling input and IκBε's interactions with RelA- and cRel-specific dimers could account for this stimulus specificity. 24591377 8 57 theme expansion 1158:1166 arg1 regulator 1138:1146 the key regulator 1130:1146 the key regulator of B cell expansion 1130:1166 cRel is known to be the key regulator of B cell expansion. 24591377 8 57 theme expansion 1158:1166 arg1 cRel 1110:1113 cRel 1110:1113 cRel 1110:1113 cRel is known to be the key regulator of B cell expansion. 24591377 7 58 from model 883:887 arg1 cells 924:928 B cells 922:928 B cells 922:928 Using a mathematical model of the NF-κB-signaling system in B cells, we demonstrated that kinetic considerations of IκB kinase-signaling input and IκBε's interactions with RelA- and cRel-specific dimers could account for this stimulus specificity. 24591377 7 59 theme IκB 978:980 arg1 input 999:1003 IκB kinase-signaling input 978:1003 IκB kinase-signaling input 978:1003 Using a mathematical model of the NF-κB-signaling system in B cells, we demonstrated that kinetic considerations of IκB kinase-signaling input and IκBε's interactions with RelA- and cRel-specific dimers could account for this stimulus specificity. 24591377 7 60 theme kinetic 952:958 arg1 considerations 960:973 kinetic considerations 952:973 kinetic considerations of IκB kinase-signaling input 952:1003 Using a mathematical model of the NF-κB-signaling system in B cells, we demonstrated that kinetic considerations of IκB kinase-signaling input and IκBε's interactions with RelA- and cRel-specific dimers could account for this stimulus specificity. 24591377 9 61 theme LPS-stimulated 1214:1227 arg1 cells 1229:1233 LPS-stimulated cells 1214:1233 LPS-stimulated cells 1214:1233 We found that the RelA-specific phenotype in LPS-stimulated cells was physiologically relevant: unbiased transcriptome profiling revealed that the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was hyperactivated in IκBε(-/-) B cells. 24591377 7 62 from system 912:917 arg1 cells 924:928 B cells 922:928 B cells 922:928 Using a mathematical model of the NF-κB-signaling system in B cells, we demonstrated that kinetic considerations of IκB kinase-signaling input and IκBε's interactions with RelA- and cRel-specific dimers could account for this stimulus specificity. 24591377 0 63 theme negative 57:64 arg1 feedback 66:73 negative feedback 57:73 negative feedback on cRel and RelA 57:90 IκBε is a key regulator of B cell expansion by providing negative feedback on cRel and RelA in a stimulus-specific manner. 24591377 7 64 theme B 922:922 arg1 cells 924:928 B cells 922:928 B cells 922:928 Using a mathematical model of the NF-κB-signaling system in B cells, we demonstrated that kinetic considerations of IκB kinase-signaling input and IκBε's interactions with RelA- and cRel-specific dimers could account for this stimulus specificity. 24591377 7 65 with considerations 960:973 arg1 dimers 1058:1063 RelA- and cRel-specific dimers 1034:1063 RelA- and cRel-specific dimers 1034:1063 Using a mathematical model of the NF-κB-signaling system in B cells, we demonstrated that kinetic considerations of IκB kinase-signaling input and IκBε's interactions with RelA- and cRel-specific dimers could account for this stimulus specificity. 24591377 5 66 dep IgM 654:656 arg1 response 642:649 response 642:649 response 642:649 In response to IgM, cRel dimers were elevated in IκBε-deficient cells, yet in response to LPS, RelA dimers also were elevated. 24591377 5 67 theme IκBε-deficient 688:701 arg1 cells 703:707 IκBε-deficient cells 688:707 IκBε-deficient cells 688:707 In response to IgM, cRel dimers were elevated in IκBε-deficient cells, yet in response to LPS, RelA dimers also were elevated. 24591377 9 68 theme unbiased 1265:1272 arg1 profiling 1288:1296 unbiased transcriptome profiling 1265:1296 unbiased transcriptome profiling 1265:1296 We found that the RelA-specific phenotype in LPS-stimulated cells was physiologically relevant: unbiased transcriptome profiling revealed that the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was hyperactivated in IκBε(-/-) B cells. 24591377 7 69 theme system 912:917 arg1 model 883:887 a mathematical model 868:887 a mathematical model of the NF-κB-signaling system in B cells 868:928 Using a mathematical model of the NF-κB-signaling system in B cells, we demonstrated that kinetic considerations of IκB kinase-signaling input and IκBε's interactions with RelA- and cRel-specific dimers could account for this stimulus specificity. 24591377 10 70 theme IκBε 1423:1426 arg1 proliferation 1440:1452 LPS-responsive IκBε(-/-) B cell proliferation 1408:1452 LPS-responsive IκBε(-/-) B cell proliferation 1408:1452 When IL-6R was blocked, LPS-responsive IκBε(-/-) B cell proliferation was reduced to near wild-type levels. 24591377 1 71 theme immune 198:203 arg1 responses 205:213 adaptive immune responses 189:213 adaptive immune responses 189:213 The transcription factor NF-κB is a regulator of inflammatory and adaptive immune responses, yet only IκBα was shown to limit NF-κB activation and inflammatory responses. 24591377 0 72 theme key 10:12 arg1 IκBε 0:3 IκBε 0:3 IκBε 0:3 IκBε is a key regulator of B cell expansion by providing negative feedback on cRel and RelA in a stimulus-specific manner. 24591377 0 72 theme key 10:12 arg1 regulator 14:22 a key regulator 8:22 a key regulator of B cell expansion 8:42 IκBε is a key regulator of B cell expansion by providing negative feedback on cRel and RelA in a stimulus-specific manner. 24591377 12 73 theme regulators 1840:1849 arg1 specificity 1807:1817 the functional specificity 1792:1817 the functional specificity of negative-feedback regulators 1792:1849 This study illustrates the importance of kinetic considerations in understanding the functional specificity of negative-feedback regulators. 24591377 10 74 theme B 1433:1433 arg1 proliferation 1440:1452 LPS-responsive IκBε(-/-) B cell proliferation 1408:1452 LPS-responsive IκBε(-/-) B cell proliferation 1408:1452 When IL-6R was blocked, LPS-responsive IκBε(-/-) B cell proliferation was reduced to near wild-type levels. 24591377 2 75 theme B 374:374 arg1 cell 376:379 B cell proliferation and survival 374:406 B cell proliferation and survival 374:406 We investigated another negative feedback regulator, IκBε, in the regulation of B cell proliferation and survival. 24591377 1 76 theme NF-κB 249:253 arg1 activation 255:264 NF-κB activation 249:264 NF-κB activation 249:264 The transcription factor NF-κB is a regulator of inflammatory and adaptive immune responses, yet only IκBα was shown to limit NF-κB activation and inflammatory responses. 24591377 7 77 with interactions 1016:1027 arg1 dimers 1058:1063 RelA- and cRel-specific dimers 1034:1063 RelA- and cRel-specific dimers 1034:1063 Using a mathematical model of the NF-κB-signaling system in B cells, we demonstrated that kinetic considerations of IκB kinase-signaling input and IκBε's interactions with RelA- and cRel-specific dimers could account for this stimulus specificity. 24591377 11 78 theme proliferative 1610:1622 arg1 capacity 1624:1631 proliferative capacity 1610:1631 proliferative capacity 1610:1631 Our results provide novel evidence for a critical role for immune-response functions of IκBε in B cells; it regulates proliferative capacity via at least two mechanisms involving cRel- and RelA-containing NF-κB dimers. 24591377 7 79 theme stimulus 1088:1095 arg1 specificity 1097:1107 this stimulus specificity 1083:1107 this stimulus specificity 1083:1107 Using a mathematical model of the NF-κB-signaling system in B cells, we demonstrated that kinetic considerations of IκB kinase-signaling input and IκBε's interactions with RelA- and cRel-specific dimers could account for this stimulus specificity. 24591377 12 80 theme functional 1796:1805 arg1 specificity 1807:1817 the functional specificity 1792:1817 the functional specificity of negative-feedback regulators 1792:1849 This study illustrates the importance of kinetic considerations in understanding the functional specificity of negative-feedback regulators. 24591377 12 81 theme kinetic 1752:1758 arg1 considerations 1760:1773 kinetic considerations 1752:1773 kinetic considerations 1752:1773 This study illustrates the importance of kinetic considerations in understanding the functional specificity of negative-feedback regulators. 24591377 3 82 theme cell 446:449 arg1 proliferation 451:463 increased B cell proliferation 434:463 increased B cell proliferation 434:463 Loss of IκBε resulted in increased B cell proliferation and survival in response to both antigenic and innate stimulation. 24591377 6 83 theme corresponding 770:782 arg1 sequences 799:807 The corresponding dimer-specific sequences 766:807 The corresponding dimer-specific sequences 766:807 The corresponding dimer-specific sequences were found in the promoters of hyperactivated genes. 24591377 4 84 theme late-phase 567:576 arg1 activation 578:587 late-phase activation 567:587 late-phase activation 567:587 NF-κB activity was elevated during late-phase activation, but the dimer composition was stimulus specific. 24591377 11 85 theme immune-response 1551:1565 arg1 functions 1567:1575 immune-response functions 1551:1575 immune-response functions of IκBε 1551:1583 Our results provide novel evidence for a critical role for immune-response functions of IκBε in B cells; it regulates proliferative capacity via at least two mechanisms involving cRel- and RelA-containing NF-κB dimers. 24591377 3 86 theme increased 434:442 arg1 proliferation 451:463 increased B cell proliferation 434:463 increased B cell proliferation 434:463 Loss of IκBε resulted in increased B cell proliferation and survival in response to both antigenic and innate stimulation. 24591377 9 87 theme IκBε 1365:1368 arg1 cells 1377:1381 IκBε(-/-) B cells 1365:1381 IκBε(-/-) B cells 1365:1381 We found that the RelA-specific phenotype in LPS-stimulated cells was physiologically relevant: unbiased transcriptome profiling revealed that the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was hyperactivated in IκBε(-/-) B cells. 24591377 9 88 theme -/- 1370:1372 arg1 cells 1377:1381 IκBε(-/-) B cells 1365:1381 IκBε(-/-) B cells 1365:1381 We found that the RelA-specific phenotype in LPS-stimulated cells was physiologically relevant: unbiased transcriptome profiling revealed that the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was hyperactivated in IκBε(-/-) B cells. 26063444 7 0 theme major 790:794 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 814:833 phosphatidylglycerol 814:833 phosphatidylglycerol 814:833 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified amino-phospholipid and an unknown phospholipid. 26063444 7 0 theme major 790:794 arg1 lipids 802:807 The major polar lipids 786:807 The major polar lipids 786:807 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified amino-phospholipid and an unknown phospholipid. 26063444 11 1 dep AB 1353:1354 arg1 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 The type strain is RP-207(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013275(T) = KCTC 33519(T)). 26063444 11 1 dep AB 1353:1354 arg1 33519 1374:1378 KCTC 33519 1369:1378 =CCTCC AB 2013275(T) = KCTC 33519(T) 1346:1381 The type strain is RP-207(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013275(T) = KCTC 33519(T)). 26063444 9 2 theme genus 1231:1235 arg1 species 1216:1222 a novel species 1208:1222 a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp 1208:1295 On the basis of its physiological and biochemical characteristics and the level of DNA-DNA hybridization, strain RP-207(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp. 26063444 6 3 theme diamino 711:717 arg1 meso-diaminopimelic 765:783 meso-diaminopimelic 765:783 meso-diaminopimelic 765:783 The diamino acid found in the cell wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic. 26063444 6 3 theme diamino 711:717 arg1 acid 719:722 The diamino acid 707:722 The diamino acid found in the cell wall peptidoglycan 707:759 The diamino acid found in the cell wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic. 26063444 3 4 theme Paenibacillus 445:457 arg1 % 487:487 95.6% 483:487 95.6% 483:487 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 3 4 theme Paenibacillus 445:457 arg1 T 479:479 T 479:479 T 479:479 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 3 4 theme Paenibacillus 445:457 arg1 XIL14 473:477 Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14 445:477 Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%) 445:488 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 11 5 theme type 1320:1323 arg1 strain 1325:1330 The type strain 1316:1330 The type strain 1316:1330 The type strain is RP-207(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013275(T) = KCTC 33519(T)). 26063444 11 5 theme type 1320:1323 arg1 RP-207 1335:1340 RP-207 1335:1340 RP-207 1335:1340 The type strain is RP-207(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013275(T) = KCTC 33519(T)). 26063444 9 6 theme Paenibacillus 1237:1249 arg1 genus 1231:1235 the genus Paenibacillus 1227:1249 the genus Paenibacillus 1227:1249 On the basis of its physiological and biochemical characteristics and the level of DNA-DNA hybridization, strain RP-207(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp. 26063444 2 7 theme Gram-positive 88:100 arg1 bacterium 141:149 A Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 86:149 A Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 86:149 A Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated RP-207(T), was isolated from the nodules of Robinia pseudoacacia L. plants planted in Enshi District, Hubei, PR China. 26063444 4 8 theme mol 607:609 arg1 content 590:596 The DNA G+C content 578:596 The DNA G+C content 578:596 The DNA G+C content was 47.0 mol%. 26063444 4 8 theme mol 607:609 arg1 % 610:610 47.0 mol% 602:610 47.0 mol% 602:610 The DNA G+C content was 47.0 mol%. 26063444 2 9 attach isolated 178:185 arg2 bacterium 141:149 A Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 86:149 A Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 86:149 A Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated RP-207(T), was isolated from the nodules of Robinia pseudoacacia L. plants planted in Enshi District, Hubei, PR China. 26063444 2 9 attach isolated 178:185 arg1 nodules 196:202 the nodules 192:202 the nodules of Robinia pseudoacacia L. plants planted in Enshi District, Hubei, PR China 192:279 A Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated RP-207(T), was isolated from the nodules of Robinia pseudoacacia L. plants planted in Enshi District, Hubei, PR China. 26063444 4 10 theme G+C 586:588 arg1 content 590:596 The DNA G+C content 578:596 The DNA G+C content 578:596 The DNA G+C content was 47.0 mol%. 26063444 4 10 theme G+C 586:588 arg1 % 610:610 47.0 mol% 602:610 47.0 mol% 602:610 The DNA G+C content was 47.0 mol%. 26063444 9 11 theme hybridization 1149:1161 arg1 characteristics 1108:1122 its physiological and biochemical characteristics 1074:1122 its physiological and biochemical characteristics 1074:1122 On the basis of its physiological and biochemical characteristics and the level of DNA-DNA hybridization, strain RP-207(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp. 26063444 9 11 theme hybridization 1149:1161 arg1 level 1132:1136 the level 1128:1136 the level of DNA-DNA hybridization 1128:1161 On the basis of its physiological and biochemical characteristics and the level of DNA-DNA hybridization, strain RP-207(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp. 26063444 8 12 theme fatty 1018:1022 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1033:1045 anteiso-C15:0 1033:1045 anteiso-C15:0 1033:1045 The predominant menaquinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15:0 and C16:0. 26063444 8 12 theme fatty 1018:1022 arg1 acid 1024:1027 the major fatty acid 1008:1027 the major fatty acid 1008:1027 The predominant menaquinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15:0 and C16:0. 26063444 5 13 theme strain 649:654 arg1 RP-207 656:661 strain RP-207 649:661 strain RP-207(T) 649:664 DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain RP-207(T) and P. xylanilyticus XIL14(T) was 40.1%. 26063444 5 13 theme strain 649:654 arg1 T 663:663 T 663:663 T 663:663 DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain RP-207(T) and P. xylanilyticus XIL14(T) was 40.1%. 26063444 8 14 theme major 1012:1016 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1033:1045 anteiso-C15:0 1033:1045 anteiso-C15:0 1033:1045 The predominant menaquinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15:0 and C16:0. 26063444 8 14 theme major 1012:1016 arg1 acid 1024:1027 the major fatty acid 1008:1027 the major fatty acid 1008:1027 The predominant menaquinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15:0 and C16:0. 26063444 9 15 theme strain 1164:1169 arg1 T 1178:1178 T 1178:1178 T 1178:1178 On the basis of its physiological and biochemical characteristics and the level of DNA-DNA hybridization, strain RP-207(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp. 26063444 9 15 theme strain 1164:1169 arg1 RP-207 1171:1176 strain RP-207 1164:1176 strain RP-207(T) 1164:1179 On the basis of its physiological and biochemical characteristics and the level of DNA-DNA hybridization, strain RP-207(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp. 26063444 9 16 dep characteristics 1108:1122 arg1 basis 1065:1069 basis 1065:1069 basis 1065:1069 On the basis of its physiological and biochemical characteristics and the level of DNA-DNA hybridization, strain RP-207(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp. 26063444 9 16 dep characteristics 1108:1122 arg1 the 1061:1063 the 1061:1063 the 1061:1063 On the basis of its physiological and biochemical characteristics and the level of DNA-DNA hybridization, strain RP-207(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp. 26063444 1 17 theme Robinia 62:68 arg1 L 83:83 Robinia pseudoacacia L 62:83 Robinia pseudoacacia L 62:83 nov., Isolated from the Nodules of Robinia pseudoacacia L. 26063444 0 18 theme enshidis 14:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Paenibacillus enshidis sp 0:24 Paenibacillus enshidis sp. 0:25 Paenibacillus enshidis sp. 26063444 7 19 theme unknown 928:934 arg1 phospholipid 936:947 an unknown phospholipid 925:947 an unknown phospholipid 925:947 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified amino-phospholipid and an unknown phospholipid. 26063444 1 20 theme pseudoacacia 70:81 arg1 L 83:83 Robinia pseudoacacia L 62:83 Robinia pseudoacacia L 62:83 nov., Isolated from the Nodules of Robinia pseudoacacia L. 26063444 9 21 theme name 1266:1269 arg1 sp 1294:1295 the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp 1262:1295 the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp 1262:1295 On the basis of its physiological and biochemical characteristics and the level of DNA-DNA hybridization, strain RP-207(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp. 26063444 0 22 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 23:24 Paenibacillus enshidis sp 0:24 Paenibacillus enshidis sp. 0:25 Paenibacillus enshidis sp. 26063444 11 23 theme =CCTCC 1346:1351 arg1 AB 1353:1354 =CCTCC AB 2013275(T) = KCTC 33519(T) 1346:1381 =CCTCC AB 2013275(T) = KCTC 33519(T) 1346:1381 The type strain is RP-207(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013275(T) = KCTC 33519(T)). 26063444 11 23 theme =CCTCC 1346:1351 arg1 RP-207 1335:1340 RP-207 1335:1340 RP-207 1335:1340 The type strain is RP-207(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013275(T) = KCTC 33519(T)). 26063444 1 24 theme L 83:83 arg1 Nodules 51:57 the Nodules 47:57 the Nodules of Robinia pseudoacacia L 47:83 nov., Isolated from the Nodules of Robinia pseudoacacia L. 26063444 9 25 theme Paenibacillus 1271:1283 arg1 sp 1294:1295 the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp 1262:1295 the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp 1262:1295 On the basis of its physiological and biochemical characteristics and the level of DNA-DNA hybridization, strain RP-207(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp. 26063444 3 26 theme 16S 317:319 arg1 rRNA 321:324 the 16S rRNA 313:324 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 313:338 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 4 27 theme DNA 582:584 arg1 content 590:596 The DNA G+C content 578:596 The DNA G+C content 578:596 The DNA G+C content was 47.0 mol%. 26063444 4 27 theme DNA 582:584 arg1 % 610:610 47.0 mol% 602:610 47.0 mol% 602:610 The DNA G+C content was 47.0 mol%. 26063444 3 28 theme Paenibacillus 397:409 arg1 genus 391:395 the genus Paenibacillus 387:409 the genus Paenibacillus 387:409 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 3 29 theme rRNA 321:324 arg1 sequence 331:338 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 313:338 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 313:338 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 6 30 located found 724:728 arg2 acid 719:722 The diamino acid 707:722 The diamino acid found in the cell wall peptidoglycan 707:759 The diamino acid found in the cell wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic. 26063444 6 30 located found 724:728 arg2 meso-diaminopimelic 765:783 meso-diaminopimelic 765:783 meso-diaminopimelic 765:783 The diamino acid found in the cell wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic. 26063444 6 30 located found 724:728 arg1 peptidoglycan 747:759 the cell wall peptidoglycan 733:759 the cell wall peptidoglycan 733:759 The diamino acid found in the cell wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic. 26063444 5 31 theme DNA-DNA 613:619 arg1 hybridization 621:633 DNA-DNA hybridization 613:633 DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain RP-207(T) and P. xylanilyticus XIL14(T) 613:694 DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain RP-207(T) and P. xylanilyticus XIL14(T) was 40.1%. 26063444 7 32 theme unidentified 889:900 arg1 amino-phospholipid 902:919 an unidentified amino-phospholipid 886:919 an unidentified amino-phospholipid 886:919 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified amino-phospholipid and an unknown phospholipid. 26063444 3 33 theme Paenibacillus 536:548 arg1 DSM 559:561 Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36 536:564 Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%) 536:575 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 3 33 theme Paenibacillus 536:548 arg1 T 566:566 T 566:566 T 566:566 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 3 33 theme Paenibacillus 536:548 arg1 % 574:574 95.3% 570:574 95.3% 570:574 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 5 34 theme P. 670:671 arg1 T 693:693 T 693:693 T 693:693 DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain RP-207(T) and P. xylanilyticus XIL14(T) was 40.1%. 26063444 5 34 theme P. 670:671 arg1 XIL14 687:691 P. xylanilyticus XIL14 670:691 P. xylanilyticus XIL14(T) 670:694 DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain RP-207(T) and P. xylanilyticus XIL14(T) was 40.1%. 26063444 3 35 theme novel 356:360 arg1 strain 362:367 the novel strain 352:367 the novel strain 352:367 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 6 36 theme wall 742:745 arg1 peptidoglycan 747:759 the cell wall peptidoglycan 733:759 the cell wall peptidoglycan 733:759 The diamino acid found in the cell wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic. 26063444 5 37 theme hybridization 621:633 arg1 value 635:639 DNA-DNA hybridization value 613:639 DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain RP-207(T) and P. xylanilyticus XIL14(T) 613:694 DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain RP-207(T) and P. xylanilyticus XIL14(T) was 40.1%. 26063444 11 38 theme = 1367:1367 arg1 AB 1353:1354 =CCTCC AB 2013275(T) = KCTC 33519(T) 1346:1381 =CCTCC AB 2013275(T) = KCTC 33519(T) 1346:1381 The type strain is RP-207(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013275(T) = KCTC 33519(T)). 26063444 11 38 theme = 1367:1367 arg1 RP-207 1335:1340 RP-207 1335:1340 RP-207 1335:1340 The type strain is RP-207(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013275(T) = KCTC 33519(T)). 26063444 2 39 dep Gram-positive 88:100 arg1 motile 103:108 motile 103:108 motile 103:108 A Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated RP-207(T), was isolated from the nodules of Robinia pseudoacacia L. plants planted in Enshi District, Hubei, PR China. 26063444 2 39 dep Gram-positive 88:100 arg1 rod-shaped 130:139 rod-shaped 130:139 rod-shaped 130:139 A Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated RP-207(T), was isolated from the nodules of Robinia pseudoacacia L. plants planted in Enshi District, Hubei, PR China. 26063444 2 39 dep Gram-positive 88:100 arg1 endospore-forming 111:127 endospore-forming 111:127 endospore-forming 111:127 A Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated RP-207(T), was isolated from the nodules of Robinia pseudoacacia L. plants planted in Enshi District, Hubei, PR China. 26063444 9 40 theme physiological 1078:1090 arg1 characteristics 1108:1122 its physiological and biochemical characteristics 1074:1122 its physiological and biochemical characteristics 1074:1122 On the basis of its physiological and biochemical characteristics and the level of DNA-DNA hybridization, strain RP-207(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp. 26063444 3 41 theme Paenibacillus 491:503 arg1 DSM8320 513:519 Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320 491:519 Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) 491:530 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 3 41 theme Paenibacillus 491:503 arg1 % 529:529 95.3% 525:529 95.3% 525:529 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 3 41 theme Paenibacillus 491:503 arg1 T 521:521 T 521:521 T 521:521 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 11 42 theme KCTC 1369:1372 arg1 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 T 1380:1380 The type strain is RP-207(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013275(T) = KCTC 33519(T)). 26063444 11 42 theme KCTC 1369:1372 arg1 33519 1374:1378 KCTC 33519 1369:1378 =CCTCC AB 2013275(T) = KCTC 33519(T) 1346:1381 The type strain is RP-207(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013275(T) = KCTC 33519(T)). 26063444 3 43 theme closest 421:427 arg1 relatives 429:437 its closest relatives 417:437 its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%) 417:575 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 9 44 theme DNA-DNA 1141:1147 arg1 hybridization 1149:1161 DNA-DNA hybridization 1141:1161 DNA-DNA hybridization 1141:1161 On the basis of its physiological and biochemical characteristics and the level of DNA-DNA hybridization, strain RP-207(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp. 26063444 8 45 theme predominant 954:964 arg1 menaquinone 966:976 The predominant menaquinone 950:976 The predominant menaquinone 950:976 The predominant menaquinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15:0 and C16:0. 26063444 8 45 theme predominant 954:964 arg1 menaquinone-7 982:994 menaquinone-7 982:994 menaquinone-7 982:994 The predominant menaquinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15:0 and C16:0. 26063444 3 46 theme peoriae 505:511 arg1 DSM8320 513:519 Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320 491:519 Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) 491:530 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 3 46 theme peoriae 505:511 arg1 % 529:529 95.3% 525:529 95.3% 525:529 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 3 46 theme peoriae 505:511 arg1 T 521:521 T 521:521 T 521:521 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 5 47 dep P. 670:671 arg1 xylanilyticus 673:685 xylanilyticus 673:685 xylanilyticus 673:685 DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain RP-207(T) and P. xylanilyticus XIL14(T) was 40.1%. 26063444 2 48 theme L. 228:229 arg1 plants 231:236 Robinia pseudoacacia L. plants 207:236 Robinia pseudoacacia L. plants planted in Enshi District, Hubei, PR China 207:279 A Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated RP-207(T), was isolated from the nodules of Robinia pseudoacacia L. plants planted in Enshi District, Hubei, PR China. 26063444 9 49 theme novel 1210:1214 arg1 species 1216:1222 a novel species 1208:1222 a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp 1208:1295 On the basis of its physiological and biochemical characteristics and the level of DNA-DNA hybridization, strain RP-207(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp. 26063444 2 50 theme plants 231:236 arg1 nodules 196:202 the nodules 192:202 the nodules of Robinia pseudoacacia L. plants planted in Enshi District, Hubei, PR China 192:279 A Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated RP-207(T), was isolated from the nodules of Robinia pseudoacacia L. plants planted in Enshi District, Hubei, PR China. 26063444 3 51 theme polymyxa 550:557 arg1 DSM 559:561 Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36 536:564 Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%) 536:575 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 3 51 theme polymyxa 550:557 arg1 T 566:566 T 566:566 T 566:566 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 3 51 theme polymyxa 550:557 arg1 % 574:574 95.3% 570:574 95.3% 570:574 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 2 52 theme pseudoacacia 215:226 arg1 plants 231:236 Robinia pseudoacacia L. plants 207:236 Robinia pseudoacacia L. plants planted in Enshi District, Hubei, PR China 207:279 A Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated RP-207(T), was isolated from the nodules of Robinia pseudoacacia L. plants planted in Enshi District, Hubei, PR China. 26063444 7 53 theme polar 796:800 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 814:833 phosphatidylglycerol 814:833 phosphatidylglycerol 814:833 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified amino-phospholipid and an unknown phospholipid. 26063444 7 53 theme polar 796:800 arg1 lipids 802:807 The major polar lipids 786:807 The major polar lipids 786:807 The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified amino-phospholipid and an unknown phospholipid. 26063444 2 54 dep Hubei 265:269 arg1 PR 272:273 PR 272:273 PR 272:273 A Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated RP-207(T), was isolated from the nodules of Robinia pseudoacacia L. plants planted in Enshi District, Hubei, PR China. 26063444 2 55 theme Robinia 207:213 arg1 plants 231:236 Robinia pseudoacacia L. plants 207:236 Robinia pseudoacacia L. plants planted in Enshi District, Hubei, PR China 207:279 A Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated RP-207(T), was isolated from the nodules of Robinia pseudoacacia L. plants planted in Enshi District, Hubei, PR China. 26063444 9 56 theme enshidis 1285:1292 arg1 sp 1294:1295 the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp 1262:1295 the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp 1262:1295 On the basis of its physiological and biochemical characteristics and the level of DNA-DNA hybridization, strain RP-207(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp. 26063444 3 57 theme xylanilyticus 459:471 arg1 % 487:487 95.6% 483:487 95.6% 483:487 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 3 57 theme xylanilyticus 459:471 arg1 T 479:479 T 479:479 T 479:479 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 3 57 theme xylanilyticus 459:471 arg1 XIL14 473:477 Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14 445:477 Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%) 445:488 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 9 58 theme biochemical 1096:1106 arg1 characteristics 1108:1122 its physiological and biochemical characteristics 1074:1122 its physiological and biochemical characteristics 1074:1122 On the basis of its physiological and biochemical characteristics and the level of DNA-DNA hybridization, strain RP-207(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp. 26063444 3 59 theme Phylogenetic 282:293 arg1 analyses 295:302 Phylogenetic analyses 282:302 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 282:338 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 3 60 theme gene 326:329 arg1 sequence 331:338 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 313:338 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 313:338 Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). 26063444 6 61 theme cell 737:740 arg1 peptidoglycan 747:759 the cell wall peptidoglycan 733:759 the cell wall peptidoglycan 733:759 The diamino acid found in the cell wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic. 26020207 2 0 theme breed 534:538 arg1 group 540:544 cow breed group 530:544 cow breed group 530:544 This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships of milk production and quality of beef cows to calf preweaning ADG in beef cows sired by Bonsmara, Brangus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, and Romosinuano and from Brangus dams to determine whether the relationships were homogeneous across cow breed group. 26020207 6 1 theme calf 1155:1158 arg1 ADG 1171:1173 calf preweaning ADG 1155:1173 calf preweaning ADG 1155:1173 Exceptions to this were in the regression of calf preweaning ADG on the natural logarithm of somatic cell count (SCC) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). 26020207 1 2 theme calf 218:221 arg1 value 205:209 the sale value 196:209 the sale value of the calf at weaning 196:232 Milk yield and quality influence calf preweaning growth and ultimately the sale value of the calf at weaning. 26020207 1 2 theme calf 218:221 arg1 growth 174:179 calf preweaning growth 158:179 calf preweaning growth 158:179 Milk yield and quality influence calf preweaning growth and ultimately the sale value of the calf at weaning. 26020207 8 3 theme breed 1579:1583 arg1 groups 1585:1590 the sire breed groups 1570:1590 the sire breed groups 1570:1590 There was little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship of calf preweaning ADG to MUN in any of the sire breed groups. 26020207 4 4 theme covariates 738:747 arg1 traits 641:646 Milk traits 636:646 Milk traits 636:646 Milk traits were included in models as linear and quadratic covariates along with interactions of the covariates with sire breed. 26020207 4 4 theme covariates 738:747 arg1 interactions 718:729 interactions 718:729 linear and quadratic covariates along with interactions of the covariates with sire breed 675:763 Milk traits were included in models as linear and quadratic covariates along with interactions of the covariates with sire breed. 26020207 7 5 from Brangus 1322:1328 arg1 quadratic 1309:1317 quadratic 1309:1317 quadratic 1309:1317 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 7 5 from Brangus 1322:1328 arg1 relationship 1262:1273 The relationship 1258:1273 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC 1258:1303 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 5 6 from Herefords 1088:1096 arg1 quadratic 914:922 quadratic 914:922 quadratic 914:922 Tests for curvilinearity and homogeneity of regression coefficients indicated the relationship of calf preweaning ADG to milk yield and quality was quadratic and homogeneous across Charolais and Gelbvieh; linear and homogeneous across Bonsmara, Brangus, and Romosinuano; and linear and different from other sire breeds in Herefords (P < 0.05). 26020207 7 7 theme ADG 1294:1296 arg1 relationship 1262:1273 The relationship 1258:1273 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC 1258:1303 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 7 7 theme ADG 1294:1296 arg1 quadratic 1309:1317 quadratic 1309:1317 quadratic 1309:1317 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 5 8 from breeds 1078:1083 arg1 quadratic 914:922 quadratic 914:922 quadratic 914:922 Tests for curvilinearity and homogeneity of regression coefficients indicated the relationship of calf preweaning ADG to milk yield and quality was quadratic and homogeneous across Charolais and Gelbvieh; linear and homogeneous across Bonsmara, Brangus, and Romosinuano; and linear and different from other sire breeds in Herefords (P < 0.05). 26020207 8 9 theme little 1485:1490 arg1 evidence 1492:1499 little evidence 1485:1499 little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship of calf preweaning ADG to MUN 1485:1558 There was little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship of calf preweaning ADG to MUN in any of the sire breed groups. 26020207 8 9 theme little 1485:1490 arg1 > 1504:1504 P > 0.05 1502:1509 P > 0.05 1502:1509 There was little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship of calf preweaning ADG to MUN in any of the sire breed groups. 26020207 1 10 theme calf 158:161 arg1 growth 174:179 calf preweaning growth 158:179 calf preweaning growth 158:179 Milk yield and quality influence calf preweaning growth and ultimately the sale value of the calf at weaning. 26020207 1 11 from weaning 226:232 arg1 value 205:209 the sale value 196:209 the sale value of the calf at weaning 196:232 Milk yield and quality influence calf preweaning growth and ultimately the sale value of the calf at weaning. 26020207 1 11 from weaning 226:232 arg1 growth 174:179 calf preweaning growth 158:179 calf preweaning growth 158:179 Milk yield and quality influence calf preweaning growth and ultimately the sale value of the calf at weaning. 26020207 7 12 from relationship 1412:1423 arg1 Hereford 1449:1456 Hereford 1449:1456 Hereford 1449:1456 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 7 12 from relationship 1412:1423 arg1 Romosinuano 1462:1472 Romosinuano 1462:1472 Romosinuano 1462:1472 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 7 12 from relationship 1412:1423 arg1 Charolais 1438:1446 Charolais 1438:1446 Charolais 1438:1446 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 5 13 theme P 1099:1099 arg1 < 1101:1101 P < 0.05 1099:1106 P < 0.05 1099:1106 Tests for curvilinearity and homogeneity of regression coefficients indicated the relationship of calf preweaning ADG to milk yield and quality was quadratic and homogeneous across Charolais and Gelbvieh; linear and homogeneous across Bonsmara, Brangus, and Romosinuano; and linear and different from other sire breeds in Herefords (P < 0.05). 26020207 4 14 dep along 707:711 arg1 with 713:716 with 713:716 with 713:716 Milk traits were included in models as linear and quadratic covariates along with interactions of the covariates with sire breed. 26020207 9 15 theme yield 1667:1671 arg1 influence 1649:1657 the influence 1645:1657 the influence of milk yield and quality on calf preweaning growth 1645:1709 Results from this study confirmed the importance of the influence of milk yield and quality on calf preweaning growth but indicated this influence can depend on the breed composition of the cow. 26020207 0 16 theme calves 117:122 arg1 gain 103:106 preweaning average daily gain 78:106 preweaning average daily gain of their calves 78:122 Relationships of milk yield and quality from six breed groups of beef cows to preweaning average daily gain of their calves. 26020207 5 17 theme coefficients 821:832 arg1 homogeneity 795:805 homogeneity 795:805 homogeneity 795:805 Tests for curvilinearity and homogeneity of regression coefficients indicated the relationship of calf preweaning ADG to milk yield and quality was quadratic and homogeneous across Charolais and Gelbvieh; linear and homogeneous across Bonsmara, Brangus, and Romosinuano; and linear and different from other sire breeds in Herefords (P < 0.05). 26020207 5 17 theme coefficients 821:832 arg1 curvilinearity 776:789 curvilinearity 776:789 curvilinearity 776:789 Tests for curvilinearity and homogeneity of regression coefficients indicated the relationship of calf preweaning ADG to milk yield and quality was quadratic and homogeneous across Charolais and Gelbvieh; linear and homogeneous across Bonsmara, Brangus, and Romosinuano; and linear and different from other sire breeds in Herefords (P < 0.05). 26020207 7 18 from Charolais 1438:1446 arg1 evidence 1387:1394 little evidence 1380:1394 little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano 1380:1472 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 7 18 from Charolais 1438:1446 arg1 > 1399:1399 P > 0.05 1397:1404 P > 0.05 1397:1404 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 9 19 theme quality 1677:1683 arg1 influence 1649:1657 the influence 1645:1657 the influence of milk yield and quality on calf preweaning growth 1645:1709 Results from this study confirmed the importance of the influence of milk yield and quality on calf preweaning growth but indicated this influence can depend on the breed composition of the cow. 26020207 6 20 theme ADG 1171:1173 arg1 regression 1141:1150 the regression 1137:1150 the regression of calf preweaning ADG on the natural logarithm of somatic cell count (SCC) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) 1137:1255 Exceptions to this were in the regression of calf preweaning ADG on the natural logarithm of somatic cell count (SCC) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). 26020207 7 21 theme little 1380:1385 arg1 evidence 1387:1394 little evidence 1380:1394 little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano 1380:1472 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 7 21 theme little 1380:1385 arg1 > 1399:1399 P > 0.05 1397:1404 P > 0.05 1397:1404 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 7 22 from Hereford 1449:1456 arg1 evidence 1387:1394 little evidence 1380:1394 little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano 1380:1472 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 7 22 from Hereford 1449:1456 arg1 > 1399:1399 P > 0.05 1397:1404 P > 0.05 1397:1404 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 9 23 theme calf 1688:1691 arg1 growth 1704:1709 calf preweaning growth 1688:1709 calf preweaning growth 1688:1709 Results from this study confirmed the importance of the influence of milk yield and quality on calf preweaning growth but indicated this influence can depend on the breed composition of the cow. 26020207 6 24 theme urea 1237:1240 arg1 MUN 1252:1254 MUN 1252:1254 MUN 1252:1254 Exceptions to this were in the regression of calf preweaning ADG on the natural logarithm of somatic cell count (SCC) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). 26020207 6 24 theme urea 1237:1240 arg1 nitrogen 1242:1249 milk urea nitrogen 1232:1249 milk urea nitrogen (MUN) 1232:1255 Exceptions to this were in the regression of calf preweaning ADG on the natural logarithm of somatic cell count (SCC) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). 26020207 8 25 theme preweaning 1538:1547 arg1 ADG 1549:1551 calf preweaning ADG 1533:1551 calf preweaning ADG 1533:1551 There was little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship of calf preweaning ADG to MUN in any of the sire breed groups. 26020207 10 26 theme preweaning 1895:1904 arg1 ADG 1906:1908 calf preweaning ADG 1890:1908 calf preweaning ADG 1890:1908 Furthermore, results suggest that breed origin or adaptation may have influenced the relationships of calf preweaning ADG to cow milk yield and quality. 26020207 5 27 dep breeds 1078:1083 arg1 sire 1073:1076 sire 1073:1076 sire 1073:1076 Tests for curvilinearity and homogeneity of regression coefficients indicated the relationship of calf preweaning ADG to milk yield and quality was quadratic and homogeneous across Charolais and Gelbvieh; linear and homogeneous across Bonsmara, Brangus, and Romosinuano; and linear and different from other sire breeds in Herefords (P < 0.05). 26020207 10 28 theme milk 1917:1920 arg1 yield 1922:1926 cow milk yield 1913:1926 cow milk yield 1913:1926 Furthermore, results suggest that breed origin or adaptation may have influenced the relationships of calf preweaning ADG to cow milk yield and quality. 26020207 5 29 dep indicated 834:842 arg1 homogeneous 928:938 homogeneous 928:938 homogeneous 928:938 Tests for curvilinearity and homogeneity of regression coefficients indicated the relationship of calf preweaning ADG to milk yield and quality was quadratic and homogeneous across Charolais and Gelbvieh; linear and homogeneous across Bonsmara, Brangus, and Romosinuano; and linear and different from other sire breeds in Herefords (P < 0.05). 26020207 5 29 dep indicated 834:842 arg1 quadratic 914:922 quadratic 914:922 quadratic 914:922 Tests for curvilinearity and homogeneity of regression coefficients indicated the relationship of calf preweaning ADG to milk yield and quality was quadratic and homogeneous across Charolais and Gelbvieh; linear and homogeneous across Bonsmara, Brangus, and Romosinuano; and linear and different from other sire breeds in Herefords (P < 0.05). 26020207 5 29 dep indicated 834:842 arg1 different 1052:1060 different 1052:1060 different 1052:1060 Tests for curvilinearity and homogeneity of regression coefficients indicated the relationship of calf preweaning ADG to milk yield and quality was quadratic and homogeneous across Charolais and Gelbvieh; linear and homogeneous across Bonsmara, Brangus, and Romosinuano; and linear and different from other sire breeds in Herefords (P < 0.05). 26020207 5 29 dep indicated 834:842 arg1 linear 1041:1046 linear 1041:1046 linear 1041:1046 Tests for curvilinearity and homogeneity of regression coefficients indicated the relationship of calf preweaning ADG to milk yield and quality was quadratic and homogeneous across Charolais and Gelbvieh; linear and homogeneous across Bonsmara, Brangus, and Romosinuano; and linear and different from other sire breeds in Herefords (P < 0.05). 26020207 0 30 theme cows 70:73 arg1 groups 55:60 six breed groups 45:60 six breed groups of beef cows 45:73 Relationships of milk yield and quality from six breed groups of beef cows to preweaning average daily gain of their calves. 26020207 0 30 theme cows 70:73 arg1 cows 70:73 beef cows 65:73 beef cows 65:73 Relationships of milk yield and quality from six breed groups of beef cows to preweaning average daily gain of their calves. 26020207 7 31 from Romosinuano 1462:1472 arg1 evidence 1387:1394 little evidence 1380:1394 little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano 1380:1472 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 7 31 from Romosinuano 1462:1472 arg1 > 1399:1399 P > 0.05 1397:1404 P > 0.05 1397:1404 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 2 32 theme preweaning 342:351 arg1 ADG 353:355 calf preweaning ADG 337:355 calf preweaning ADG in beef cows sired by Bonsmara, Brangus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, and Romosinuano 337:443 This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships of milk production and quality of beef cows to calf preweaning ADG in beef cows sired by Bonsmara, Brangus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, and Romosinuano and from Brangus dams to determine whether the relationships were homogeneous across cow breed group. 26020207 0 33 theme preweaning 78:87 arg1 gain 103:106 preweaning average daily gain 78:106 preweaning average daily gain of their calves 78:122 Relationships of milk yield and quality from six breed groups of beef cows to preweaning average daily gain of their calves. 26020207 9 34 from growth 1704:1709 arg1 importance 1631:1640 the importance 1627:1640 the importance of the influence of milk yield and quality on calf preweaning growth 1627:1709 Results from this study confirmed the importance of the influence of milk yield and quality on calf preweaning growth but indicated this influence can depend on the breed composition of the cow. 26020207 4 35 theme Milk 636:639 arg1 traits 641:646 Milk traits 636:646 Milk traits 636:646 Milk traits were included in models as linear and quadratic covariates along with interactions of the covariates with sire breed. 26020207 4 35 theme Milk 636:639 arg1 covariates 696:705 linear and quadratic covariates 675:705 linear and quadratic covariates along with interactions of the covariates with sire breed 675:763 Milk traits were included in models as linear and quadratic covariates along with interactions of the covariates with sire breed. 26020207 4 35 theme Milk 636:639 arg1 interactions 718:729 interactions 718:729 linear and quadratic covariates along with interactions of the covariates with sire breed 675:763 Milk traits were included in models as linear and quadratic covariates along with interactions of the covariates with sire breed. 26020207 9 36 from study 1611:1615 arg1 Results 1593:1599 Results 1593:1599 Results from this study 1593:1615 Results from this study confirmed the importance of the influence of milk yield and quality on calf preweaning growth but indicated this influence can depend on the breed composition of the cow. 26020207 0 37 theme milk 17:20 arg1 yield 22:26 milk yield 17:26 milk yield 17:26 Relationships of milk yield and quality from six breed groups of beef cows to preweaning average daily gain of their calves. 26020207 5 38 theme preweaning 869:878 arg1 ADG 880:882 calf preweaning ADG 864:882 calf preweaning ADG 864:882 Tests for curvilinearity and homogeneity of regression coefficients indicated the relationship of calf preweaning ADG to milk yield and quality was quadratic and homogeneous across Charolais and Gelbvieh; linear and homogeneous across Bonsmara, Brangus, and Romosinuano; and linear and different from other sire breeds in Herefords (P < 0.05). 26020207 7 39 theme relationship 1412:1423 arg1 evidence 1387:1394 little evidence 1380:1394 little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano 1380:1472 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 7 39 theme relationship 1412:1423 arg1 > 1399:1399 P > 0.05 1397:1404 P > 0.05 1397:1404 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 0 40 theme breed 49:53 arg1 groups 55:60 six breed groups 45:60 six breed groups of beef cows 45:73 Relationships of milk yield and quality from six breed groups of beef cows to preweaning average daily gain of their calves. 26020207 0 40 theme breed 49:53 arg1 cows 70:73 beef cows 65:73 beef cows 65:73 Relationships of milk yield and quality from six breed groups of beef cows to preweaning average daily gain of their calves. 26020207 2 41 theme production 298:307 arg1 relationships 276:288 the relationships 272:288 the relationships of milk production and quality of beef cows to calf preweaning ADG in beef cows sired by Bonsmara, Brangus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, and Romosinuano 272:443 This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships of milk production and quality of beef cows to calf preweaning ADG in beef cows sired by Bonsmara, Brangus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, and Romosinuano and from Brangus dams to determine whether the relationships were homogeneous across cow breed group. 26020207 4 42 dep breed 759:763 arg1 sire 754:757 sire 754:757 sire 754:757 Milk traits were included in models as linear and quadratic covariates along with interactions of the covariates with sire breed. 26020207 10 43 theme calf 1890:1893 arg1 ADG 1906:1908 calf preweaning ADG 1890:1908 calf preweaning ADG 1890:1908 Furthermore, results suggest that breed origin or adaptation may have influenced the relationships of calf preweaning ADG to cow milk yield and quality. 26020207 2 44 theme beef 324:327 arg1 cows 329:332 beef cows 324:332 beef cows 324:332 This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships of milk production and quality of beef cows to calf preweaning ADG in beef cows sired by Bonsmara, Brangus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, and Romosinuano and from Brangus dams to determine whether the relationships were homogeneous across cow breed group. 26020207 8 45 theme sire 1574:1577 arg1 groups 1585:1590 the sire breed groups 1570:1590 the sire breed groups 1570:1590 There was little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship of calf preweaning ADG to MUN in any of the sire breed groups. 26020207 10 46 dep breed 1822:1826 arg1 origin 1828:1833 origin 1828:1833 origin 1828:1833 Furthermore, results suggest that breed origin or adaptation may have influenced the relationships of calf preweaning ADG to cow milk yield and quality. 26020207 6 47 theme milk 1232:1235 arg1 MUN 1252:1254 MUN 1252:1254 MUN 1252:1254 Exceptions to this were in the regression of calf preweaning ADG on the natural logarithm of somatic cell count (SCC) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). 26020207 6 47 theme milk 1232:1235 arg1 nitrogen 1242:1249 milk urea nitrogen 1232:1249 milk urea nitrogen (MUN) 1232:1255 Exceptions to this were in the regression of calf preweaning ADG on the natural logarithm of somatic cell count (SCC) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). 26020207 6 48 theme preweaning 1160:1169 arg1 ADG 1171:1173 calf preweaning ADG 1155:1173 calf preweaning ADG 1155:1173 Exceptions to this were in the regression of calf preweaning ADG on the natural logarithm of somatic cell count (SCC) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). 26020207 2 49 theme quality 313:319 arg1 relationships 276:288 the relationships 272:288 the relationships of milk production and quality of beef cows to calf preweaning ADG in beef cows sired by Bonsmara, Brangus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, and Romosinuano 272:443 This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships of milk production and quality of beef cows to calf preweaning ADG in beef cows sired by Bonsmara, Brangus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, and Romosinuano and from Brangus dams to determine whether the relationships were homogeneous across cow breed group. 26020207 7 50 with quadratic 1309:1317 arg1 evidence 1387:1394 little evidence 1380:1394 little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano 1380:1472 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 7 50 with quadratic 1309:1317 arg1 > 1399:1399 P > 0.05 1397:1404 P > 0.05 1397:1404 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 2 51 theme cow 530:532 arg1 group 540:544 cow breed group 530:544 cow breed group 530:544 This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships of milk production and quality of beef cows to calf preweaning ADG in beef cows sired by Bonsmara, Brangus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, and Romosinuano and from Brangus dams to determine whether the relationships were homogeneous across cow breed group. 26020207 7 52 theme calf 1278:1281 arg1 ADG 1294:1296 calf preweaning ADG 1278:1296 calf preweaning ADG 1278:1296 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 3 53 theme study 629:633 arg1 yr 618:619 the 7 yr 612:619 the 7 yr of this study 612:633 Approximately 50 cows/yr were milked monthly for 6 mo in each of the 7 yr of this study. 26020207 5 54 from quadratic 914:922 arg1 Herefords 1088:1096 Herefords 1088:1096 Herefords 1088:1096 Tests for curvilinearity and homogeneity of regression coefficients indicated the relationship of calf preweaning ADG to milk yield and quality was quadratic and homogeneous across Charolais and Gelbvieh; linear and homogeneous across Bonsmara, Brangus, and Romosinuano; and linear and different from other sire breeds in Herefords (P < 0.05). 26020207 7 55 theme preweaning 1283:1292 arg1 ADG 1294:1296 calf preweaning ADG 1278:1296 calf preweaning ADG 1278:1296 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 6 56 theme cell 1211:1214 arg1 SCC 1223:1225 SCC 1223:1225 SCC 1223:1225 Exceptions to this were in the regression of calf preweaning ADG on the natural logarithm of somatic cell count (SCC) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). 26020207 6 56 theme cell 1211:1214 arg1 count 1216:1220 somatic cell count 1203:1220 somatic cell count (SCC) 1203:1226 Exceptions to this were in the regression of calf preweaning ADG on the natural logarithm of somatic cell count (SCC) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). 26020207 1 57 theme preweaning 163:172 arg1 growth 174:179 calf preweaning growth 158:179 calf preweaning growth 158:179 Milk yield and quality influence calf preweaning growth and ultimately the sale value of the calf at weaning. 26020207 9 58 theme influence 1649:1657 arg1 importance 1631:1640 the importance 1627:1640 the importance of the influence of milk yield and quality on calf preweaning growth 1627:1709 Results from this study confirmed the importance of the influence of milk yield and quality on calf preweaning growth but indicated this influence can depend on the breed composition of the cow. 26020207 5 59 dep quadratic 914:922 arg1 < 1101:1101 P < 0.05 1099:1106 P < 0.05 1099:1106 Tests for curvilinearity and homogeneity of regression coefficients indicated the relationship of calf preweaning ADG to milk yield and quality was quadratic and homogeneous across Charolais and Gelbvieh; linear and homogeneous across Bonsmara, Brangus, and Romosinuano; and linear and different from other sire breeds in Herefords (P < 0.05). 26020207 7 60 from quadratic 1309:1317 arg1 < 1333:1333 P < 0.05 1331:1338 P < 0.05 1331:1338 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 7 60 from quadratic 1309:1317 arg1 Gelbvieh 1355:1362 Gelbvieh 1355:1362 Gelbvieh 1355:1362 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 7 60 from quadratic 1309:1317 arg1 < 1367:1367 P < 0.05 1365:1372 P < 0.05 1365:1372 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 7 60 from quadratic 1309:1317 arg1 Brangus 1322:1328 Brangus 1322:1328 Brangus (P < 0.05) 1322:1339 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 7 61 theme P 1397:1397 arg1 evidence 1387:1394 little evidence 1380:1394 little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano 1380:1472 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 7 61 theme P 1397:1397 arg1 > 1399:1399 P > 0.05 1397:1404 P > 0.05 1397:1404 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 2 62 theme Brangus 454:460 arg1 dams 462:465 Brangus dams 454:465 Brangus dams 454:465 This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships of milk production and quality of beef cows to calf preweaning ADG in beef cows sired by Bonsmara, Brangus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, and Romosinuano and from Brangus dams to determine whether the relationships were homogeneous across cow breed group. 26020207 0 63 from groups 55:60 arg1 quality 32:38 quality 32:38 quality 32:38 Relationships of milk yield and quality from six breed groups of beef cows to preweaning average daily gain of their calves. 26020207 0 63 from groups 55:60 arg1 Relationships 0:12 Relationships 0:12 Relationships of milk yield and quality from six breed groups of beef cows to preweaning average daily gain of their calves 0:122 Relationships of milk yield and quality from six breed groups of beef cows to preweaning average daily gain of their calves. 26020207 0 63 from groups 55:60 arg1 yield 22:26 milk yield 17:26 milk yield 17:26 Relationships of milk yield and quality from six breed groups of beef cows to preweaning average daily gain of their calves. 26020207 9 64 theme milk 1662:1665 arg1 yield 1667:1671 milk yield 1662:1671 milk yield 1662:1671 Results from this study confirmed the importance of the influence of milk yield and quality on calf preweaning growth but indicated this influence can depend on the breed composition of the cow. 26020207 6 65 theme natural 1182:1188 arg1 logarithm 1190:1198 the natural logarithm 1178:1198 the natural logarithm of somatic cell count (SCC) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) 1178:1255 Exceptions to this were in the regression of calf preweaning ADG on the natural logarithm of somatic cell count (SCC) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). 26020207 8 66 theme P 1502:1502 arg1 evidence 1492:1499 little evidence 1485:1499 little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship of calf preweaning ADG to MUN 1485:1558 There was little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship of calf preweaning ADG to MUN in any of the sire breed groups. 26020207 8 66 theme P 1502:1502 arg1 > 1504:1504 P > 0.05 1502:1509 P > 0.05 1502:1509 There was little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship of calf preweaning ADG to MUN in any of the sire breed groups. 26020207 5 67 theme regression 810:819 arg1 coefficients 821:832 regression coefficients 810:832 regression coefficients 810:832 Tests for curvilinearity and homogeneity of regression coefficients indicated the relationship of calf preweaning ADG to milk yield and quality was quadratic and homogeneous across Charolais and Gelbvieh; linear and homogeneous across Bonsmara, Brangus, and Romosinuano; and linear and different from other sire breeds in Herefords (P < 0.05). 26020207 0 68 from Relationships 0:12 arg1 groups 55:60 six breed groups 45:60 six breed groups of beef cows 45:73 Relationships of milk yield and quality from six breed groups of beef cows to preweaning average daily gain of their calves. 26020207 0 68 from Relationships 0:12 arg1 cows 70:73 beef cows 65:73 beef cows 65:73 Relationships of milk yield and quality from six breed groups of beef cows to preweaning average daily gain of their calves. 26020207 5 69 gly homogeneity 795:805 arg1 coefficients 821:832 regression coefficients 810:832 regression coefficients 810:832 Tests for curvilinearity and homogeneity of regression coefficients indicated the relationship of calf preweaning ADG to milk yield and quality was quadratic and homogeneous across Charolais and Gelbvieh; linear and homogeneous across Bonsmara, Brangus, and Romosinuano; and linear and different from other sire breeds in Herefords (P < 0.05). 26020207 9 70 from importance 1631:1640 arg1 growth 1704:1709 calf preweaning growth 1688:1709 calf preweaning growth 1688:1709 Results from this study confirmed the importance of the influence of milk yield and quality on calf preweaning growth but indicated this influence can depend on the breed composition of the cow. 26020207 10 71 theme ADG 1906:1908 arg1 relationships 1873:1885 the relationships 1869:1885 the relationships of calf preweaning ADG to cow milk yield and quality 1869:1938 Furthermore, results suggest that breed origin or adaptation may have influenced the relationships of calf preweaning ADG to cow milk yield and quality. 26020207 2 72 dep evaluate 263:270 arg1 determine 470:478 determine 470:478 to determine whether the relationships were homogeneous across cow breed group 467:544 This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships of milk production and quality of beef cows to calf preweaning ADG in beef cows sired by Bonsmara, Brangus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, and Romosinuano and from Brangus dams to determine whether the relationships were homogeneous across cow breed group. 26020207 4 73 with interactions 718:729 arg1 breed 759:763 sire breed 754:763 sire breed 754:763 Milk traits were included in models as linear and quadratic covariates along with interactions of the covariates with sire breed. 26020207 6 74 theme nitrogen 1242:1249 arg1 logarithm 1190:1198 the natural logarithm 1178:1198 the natural logarithm of somatic cell count (SCC) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) 1178:1255 Exceptions to this were in the regression of calf preweaning ADG on the natural logarithm of somatic cell count (SCC) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). 26020207 9 75 theme preweaning 1693:1702 arg1 growth 1704:1709 calf preweaning growth 1688:1709 calf preweaning growth 1688:1709 Results from this study confirmed the importance of the influence of milk yield and quality on calf preweaning growth but indicated this influence can depend on the breed composition of the cow. 26020207 0 76 theme beef 65:68 arg1 cows 70:73 beef cows 65:73 beef cows 65:73 Relationships of milk yield and quality from six breed groups of beef cows to preweaning average daily gain of their calves. 26020207 7 77 from evidence 1387:1394 arg1 Hereford 1449:1456 Hereford 1449:1456 Hereford 1449:1456 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 7 77 from evidence 1387:1394 arg1 Romosinuano 1462:1472 Romosinuano 1462:1472 Romosinuano 1462:1472 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 7 77 from evidence 1387:1394 arg1 Charolais 1438:1446 Charolais 1438:1446 Charolais 1438:1446 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 8 78 theme relationship 1517:1528 arg1 evidence 1492:1499 little evidence 1485:1499 little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship of calf preweaning ADG to MUN 1485:1558 There was little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship of calf preweaning ADG to MUN in any of the sire breed groups. 26020207 8 78 theme relationship 1517:1528 arg1 > 1504:1504 P > 0.05 1502:1509 P > 0.05 1502:1509 There was little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship of calf preweaning ADG to MUN in any of the sire breed groups. 26020207 1 79 theme Milk 125:128 arg1 yield 130:134 Milk yield 125:134 Milk yield 125:134 Milk yield and quality influence calf preweaning growth and ultimately the sale value of the calf at weaning. 26020207 7 80 theme P 1365:1365 arg1 Gelbvieh 1355:1362 Gelbvieh 1355:1362 Gelbvieh 1355:1362 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 7 80 theme P 1365:1365 arg1 < 1367:1367 P < 0.05 1365:1372 P < 0.05 1365:1372 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 6 81 theme somatic 1203:1209 arg1 SCC 1223:1225 SCC 1223:1225 SCC 1223:1225 Exceptions to this were in the regression of calf preweaning ADG on the natural logarithm of somatic cell count (SCC) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). 26020207 6 81 theme somatic 1203:1209 arg1 count 1216:1220 somatic cell count 1203:1220 somatic cell count (SCC) 1203:1226 Exceptions to this were in the regression of calf preweaning ADG on the natural logarithm of somatic cell count (SCC) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). 26020207 8 82 theme calf 1533:1536 arg1 ADG 1549:1551 calf preweaning ADG 1533:1551 calf preweaning ADG 1533:1551 There was little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship of calf preweaning ADG to MUN in any of the sire breed groups. 26020207 5 83 theme ADG 880:882 arg1 relationship 848:859 the relationship 844:859 the relationship of calf preweaning ADG to milk yield and quality 844:908 Tests for curvilinearity and homogeneity of regression coefficients indicated the relationship of calf preweaning ADG to milk yield and quality was quadratic and homogeneous across Charolais and Gelbvieh; linear and homogeneous across Bonsmara, Brangus, and Romosinuano; and linear and different from other sire breeds in Herefords (P < 0.05). 26020207 10 84 theme cow 1913:1915 arg1 yield 1922:1926 cow milk yield 1913:1926 cow milk yield 1913:1926 Furthermore, results suggest that breed origin or adaptation may have influenced the relationships of calf preweaning ADG to cow milk yield and quality. 26020207 0 85 theme average 89:95 arg1 gain 103:106 preweaning average daily gain 78:106 preweaning average daily gain of their calves 78:122 Relationships of milk yield and quality from six breed groups of beef cows to preweaning average daily gain of their calves. 26020207 8 86 theme ADG 1549:1551 arg1 relationship 1517:1528 a relationship 1515:1528 a relationship of calf preweaning ADG to MUN 1515:1558 There was little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship of calf preweaning ADG to MUN in any of the sire breed groups. 26020207 5 87 theme milk 887:890 arg1 yield 892:896 milk yield 887:896 milk yield 887:896 Tests for curvilinearity and homogeneity of regression coefficients indicated the relationship of calf preweaning ADG to milk yield and quality was quadratic and homogeneous across Charolais and Gelbvieh; linear and homogeneous across Bonsmara, Brangus, and Romosinuano; and linear and different from other sire breeds in Herefords (P < 0.05). 26020207 1 88 theme sale 200:203 arg1 value 205:209 the sale value 196:209 the sale value of the calf at weaning 196:232 Milk yield and quality influence calf preweaning growth and ultimately the sale value of the calf at weaning. 26020207 2 89 theme calf 337:340 arg1 ADG 353:355 calf preweaning ADG 337:355 calf preweaning ADG in beef cows sired by Bonsmara, Brangus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, and Romosinuano 337:443 This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships of milk production and quality of beef cows to calf preweaning ADG in beef cows sired by Bonsmara, Brangus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, and Romosinuano and from Brangus dams to determine whether the relationships were homogeneous across cow breed group. 26020207 2 90 theme cows 329:332 arg1 quality 313:319 quality 313:319 quality 313:319 This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships of milk production and quality of beef cows to calf preweaning ADG in beef cows sired by Bonsmara, Brangus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, and Romosinuano and from Brangus dams to determine whether the relationships were homogeneous across cow breed group. 26020207 2 90 theme cows 329:332 arg1 production 298:307 milk production 293:307 milk production 293:307 This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships of milk production and quality of beef cows to calf preweaning ADG in beef cows sired by Bonsmara, Brangus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, and Romosinuano and from Brangus dams to determine whether the relationships were homogeneous across cow breed group. 26020207 0 91 theme yield 22:26 arg1 Relationships 0:12 Relationships 0:12 Relationships of milk yield and quality from six breed groups of beef cows to preweaning average daily gain of their calves 0:122 Relationships of milk yield and quality from six breed groups of beef cows to preweaning average daily gain of their calves. 26020207 7 92 from Gelbvieh 1355:1362 arg1 quadratic 1309:1317 quadratic 1309:1317 quadratic 1309:1317 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 7 92 from Gelbvieh 1355:1362 arg1 relationship 1262:1273 The relationship 1258:1273 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC 1258:1303 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 5 93 theme calf 864:867 arg1 ADG 880:882 calf preweaning ADG 864:882 calf preweaning ADG 864:882 Tests for curvilinearity and homogeneity of regression coefficients indicated the relationship of calf preweaning ADG to milk yield and quality was quadratic and homogeneous across Charolais and Gelbvieh; linear and homogeneous across Bonsmara, Brangus, and Romosinuano; and linear and different from other sire breeds in Herefords (P < 0.05). 26020207 9 94 from influence 1649:1657 arg1 growth 1704:1709 calf preweaning growth 1688:1709 calf preweaning growth 1688:1709 Results from this study confirmed the importance of the influence of milk yield and quality on calf preweaning growth but indicated this influence can depend on the breed composition of the cow. 26020207 9 95 theme breed 1758:1762 arg1 composition 1764:1774 the breed composition 1754:1774 the breed composition of the cow 1754:1785 Results from this study confirmed the importance of the influence of milk yield and quality on calf preweaning growth but indicated this influence can depend on the breed composition of the cow. 26020207 2 96 theme beef 360:363 arg1 cows 365:368 beef cows 360:368 beef cows sired by Bonsmara, Brangus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, and Romosinuano 360:443 This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships of milk production and quality of beef cows to calf preweaning ADG in beef cows sired by Bonsmara, Brangus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, and Romosinuano and from Brangus dams to determine whether the relationships were homogeneous across cow breed group. 26020207 0 97 theme quality 32:38 arg1 Relationships 0:12 Relationships 0:12 Relationships of milk yield and quality from six breed groups of beef cows to preweaning average daily gain of their calves 0:122 Relationships of milk yield and quality from six breed groups of beef cows to preweaning average daily gain of their calves. 26020207 6 98 theme count 1216:1220 arg1 logarithm 1190:1198 the natural logarithm 1178:1198 the natural logarithm of somatic cell count (SCC) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) 1178:1255 Exceptions to this were in the regression of calf preweaning ADG on the natural logarithm of somatic cell count (SCC) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). 26020207 9 99 theme cow 1783:1785 arg1 composition 1764:1774 the breed composition 1754:1774 the breed composition of the cow 1754:1785 Results from this study confirmed the importance of the influence of milk yield and quality on calf preweaning growth but indicated this influence can depend on the breed composition of the cow. 26020207 2 100 theme milk 293:296 arg1 production 298:307 milk production 293:307 milk production 293:307 This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships of milk production and quality of beef cows to calf preweaning ADG in beef cows sired by Bonsmara, Brangus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, and Romosinuano and from Brangus dams to determine whether the relationships were homogeneous across cow breed group. 26020207 5 101 theme other 1067:1071 arg1 breeds 1078:1083 other sire breeds 1067:1083 other sire breeds 1067:1083 Tests for curvilinearity and homogeneity of regression coefficients indicated the relationship of calf preweaning ADG to milk yield and quality was quadratic and homogeneous across Charolais and Gelbvieh; linear and homogeneous across Bonsmara, Brangus, and Romosinuano; and linear and different from other sire breeds in Herefords (P < 0.05). 26020207 4 102 theme linear 675:680 arg1 traits 641:646 Milk traits 636:646 Milk traits 636:646 Milk traits were included in models as linear and quadratic covariates along with interactions of the covariates with sire breed. 26020207 4 102 theme linear 675:680 arg1 covariates 696:705 linear and quadratic covariates 675:705 linear and quadratic covariates along with interactions of the covariates with sire breed 675:763 Milk traits were included in models as linear and quadratic covariates along with interactions of the covariates with sire breed. 26020207 6 103 from regression 1141:1150 arg1 logarithm 1190:1198 the natural logarithm 1178:1198 the natural logarithm of somatic cell count (SCC) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) 1178:1255 Exceptions to this were in the regression of calf preweaning ADG on the natural logarithm of somatic cell count (SCC) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). 26020207 7 104 theme P 1331:1331 arg1 < 1333:1333 P < 0.05 1331:1338 P < 0.05 1331:1338 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 7 104 theme P 1331:1331 arg1 Brangus 1322:1328 Brangus 1322:1328 Brangus (P < 0.05) 1322:1339 The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. 26020207 2 105 from ADG 353:355 arg1 cows 365:368 beef cows 360:368 beef cows sired by Bonsmara, Brangus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, and Romosinuano 360:443 This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships of milk production and quality of beef cows to calf preweaning ADG in beef cows sired by Bonsmara, Brangus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, and Romosinuano and from Brangus dams to determine whether the relationships were homogeneous across cow breed group. 26020207 0 106 theme daily 97:101 arg1 gain 103:106 preweaning average daily gain 78:106 preweaning average daily gain of their calves 78:122 Relationships of milk yield and quality from six breed groups of beef cows to preweaning average daily gain of their calves. 26020207 4 107 theme quadratic 686:694 arg1 traits 641:646 Milk traits 636:646 Milk traits 636:646 Milk traits were included in models as linear and quadratic covariates along with interactions of the covariates with sire breed. 26020207 4 107 theme quadratic 686:694 arg1 covariates 696:705 linear and quadratic covariates 675:705 linear and quadratic covariates along with interactions of the covariates with sire breed 675:763 Milk traits were included in models as linear and quadratic covariates along with interactions of the covariates with sire breed. 24879346 3 0 theme Strain 240:245 arg1 T 253:253 T 253:253 T 253:253 Strain PFS-5(T) was Gram-staining-positive, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium, rod-shaped, and endospore-forming. 24879346 3 0 theme Strain 240:245 arg1 PFS-5 247:251 Strain PFS-5 240:251 Strain PFS-5(T) 240:254 Strain PFS-5(T) was Gram-staining-positive, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium, rod-shaped, and endospore-forming. 24879346 7 1 theme sequence 595:602 arg1 analysis 604:611 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 569:611 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 569:611 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 10 2 dep proposed 1141:1148 arg1 KACC 1173:1176 Type strai PFS-5(T) = KACC 1151:1176 Type strai PFS-5(T) = KACC 17469(T) = JCM19333(T) 1151:1199 nov. is proposed (Type strai PFS-5(T) = KACC 17469(T) = JCM19333(T)). 24879346 10 3 dep = 1187:1187 arg1 JCM19333 1189:1196 JCM19333 1189:1196 JCM19333 1189:1196 nov. is proposed (Type strai PFS-5(T) = KACC 17469(T) = JCM19333(T)). 24879346 10 3 dep = 1187:1187 arg1 T 1198:1198 T 1198:1198 T 1198:1198 nov. is proposed (Type strai PFS-5(T) = KACC 17469(T) = JCM19333(T)). 24879346 7 4 theme humi 777:780 arg1 level 686:690 the highest level 674:690 the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%) 674:771 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 4 theme humi 777:780 arg1 LMG 782:784 B. humi LMG 22167 774:790 B. humi LMG 22167 774:790 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 2 5 with environment 155:165 arg1 feces 172:176 feces 172:176 feces of a live poultry farm located in Cheonan, Republic of Korea 172:237 A novel bacterial strain, designated PFS-5(T), was isolated from the soil environment with feces of a live poultry farm located in Cheonan, Republic of Korea. 24879346 2 6 theme bacterial 89:97 arg1 strain 99:104 A novel bacterial strain 81:104 A novel bacterial strain 81:104 A novel bacterial strain, designated PFS-5(T), was isolated from the soil environment with feces of a live poultry farm located in Cheonan, Republic of Korea. 24879346 1 7 theme poultry 50:56 arg1 [corrected 68:77 near poultry farm soil [corrected 45:77 near poultry farm soil [corrected 45:77 nov. isolated from near poultry farm soil [corrected]. 24879346 7 8 theme rRNA 585:588 arg1 analysis 604:611 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 569:611 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 569:611 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 10 9 theme = 1171:1171 arg1 KACC 1173:1176 Type strai PFS-5(T) = KACC 1151:1176 Type strai PFS-5(T) = KACC 17469(T) = JCM19333(T) 1151:1199 nov. is proposed (Type strai PFS-5(T) = KACC 17469(T) = JCM19333(T)). 24879346 1 10 theme farm 58:61 arg1 [corrected 68:77 near poultry farm soil [corrected 45:77 near poultry farm soil [corrected 45:77 nov. isolated from near poultry farm soil [corrected]. 24879346 7 11 theme gene 590:593 arg1 analysis 604:611 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 569:611 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 569:611 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 12 theme B. 876:877 arg1 YIM93174 888:895 B. luteolus YIM93174 876:895 B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%) 876:906 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 12 theme B. 876:877 arg1 % 905:905 95.5% 901:905 95.5% 901:905 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 12 theme B. 876:877 arg1 T 897:897 T 897:897 T 897:897 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 13 theme B. 774:775 arg1 level 686:690 the highest level 674:690 the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%) 674:771 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 13 theme B. 774:775 arg1 LMG 782:784 B. humi LMG 22167 774:790 B. humi LMG 22167 774:790 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 1 14 theme soil 63:66 arg1 [corrected 68:77 near poultry farm soil [corrected 45:77 near poultry farm soil [corrected 45:77 nov. isolated from near poultry farm soil [corrected]. 24879346 7 15 theme type 720:723 arg1 strain 725:730 type strain 720:730 type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%) 720:771 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 9 16 theme cheonanensis 1116:1127 arg1 sp 1129:1130 name Bacillus cheonanensis sp 1102:1130 the name Bacillus cheonanensis sp 1098:1130 On the basis of result from poly-phasic data, strain PFS-5(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Bacillus cheonanensis sp. 24879346 5 17 theme major 450:454 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 473:485 anteiso-C15:0 473:485 anteiso-C15:0 (44.2%) 473:493 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (44.2%), C16:0 (22.2%), and iso-C15:0 (16.7%). 24879346 5 17 theme major 450:454 arg1 acids 462:466 The major fatty acids 446:466 The major fatty acids 446:466 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (44.2%), C16:0 (22.2%), and iso-C15:0 (16.7%). 24879346 4 18 contain contained 366:374 arg1 strain 359:364 The strain 355:364 The strain 355:364 The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan and MK-7 menaquinone. 24879346 4 18 contain contained 366:374 arg2 acid 396:399 meso-diaminopimelic acid 376:399 meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan and MK-7 menaquinone 376:443 The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan and MK-7 menaquinone. 24879346 0 19 theme cheonanensis 9:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Bacillus cheonanensis sp 0:23 Bacillus cheonanensis sp. 0:24 Bacillus cheonanensis sp. 24879346 9 20 dep result 1014:1019 arg1 the 1001:1003 the 1001:1003 the 1001:1003 On the basis of result from poly-phasic data, strain PFS-5(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Bacillus cheonanensis sp. 24879346 9 20 dep result 1014:1019 arg1 basis 1005:1009 basis 1005:1009 basis 1005:1009 On the basis of result from poly-phasic data, strain PFS-5(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Bacillus cheonanensis sp. 24879346 5 21 theme fatty 456:460 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 473:485 anteiso-C15:0 473:485 anteiso-C15:0 (44.2%) 473:493 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (44.2%), C16:0 (22.2%), and iso-C15:0 (16.7%). 24879346 5 21 theme fatty 456:460 arg1 acids 462:466 The major fatty acids 446:466 The major fatty acids 446:466 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (44.2%), C16:0 (22.2%), and iso-C15:0 (16.7%). 24879346 0 22 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 22:23 Bacillus cheonanensis sp 0:23 Bacillus cheonanensis sp. 0:24 Bacillus cheonanensis sp. 24879346 7 23 dep B. 735:736 arg1 herbersteinensis 738:753 herbersteinensis 738:753 herbersteinensis 738:753 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 6 24 theme mol 563:565 arg1 content 546:552 The DNA G+C content 534:552 The DNA G+C content 534:552 The DNA G+C content was 40.1 mol%. 24879346 6 24 theme mol 563:565 arg1 % 566:566 40.1 mol% 558:566 40.1 mol% 558:566 The DNA G+C content was 40.1 mol%. 24879346 7 25 theme 16S 581:583 arg1 analysis 604:611 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 569:611 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 569:611 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 6 26 theme 40.1 558:561 arg1 content 546:552 The DNA G+C content 534:552 The DNA G+C content 534:552 The DNA G+C content was 40.1 mol%. 24879346 6 26 theme 40.1 558:561 arg1 % 566:566 40.1 mol% 558:566 40.1 mol% 558:566 The DNA G+C content was 40.1 mol%. 24879346 2 27 attach isolated 132:139 arg1 environment 155:165 the soil environment 146:165 the soil environment with feces of a live poultry farm located in Cheonan, Republic of Korea 146:237 A novel bacterial strain, designated PFS-5(T), was isolated from the soil environment with feces of a live poultry farm located in Cheonan, Republic of Korea. 24879346 2 27 attach isolated 132:139 arg2 strain 99:104 A novel bacterial strain 81:104 A novel bacterial strain 81:104 A novel bacterial strain, designated PFS-5(T), was isolated from the soil environment with feces of a live poultry farm located in Cheonan, Republic of Korea. 24879346 7 28 theme similarity 704:713 arg1 YIM93174 888:895 B. luteolus YIM93174 876:895 B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%) 876:906 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 28 theme similarity 704:713 arg1 T 792:792 T 792:792 T 792:792 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 28 theme similarity 704:713 arg1 % 905:905 95.5% 901:905 95.5% 901:905 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 28 theme similarity 704:713 arg1 level 686:690 the highest level 674:690 the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%) 674:771 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 28 theme similarity 704:713 arg1 % 836:836 96.1% 832:836 96.1% 832:836 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 28 theme similarity 704:713 arg1 T 897:897 T 897:897 T 897:897 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 28 theme similarity 704:713 arg1 LMG 782:784 B. humi LMG 22167 774:790 B. humi LMG 22167 774:790 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 28 theme similarity 704:713 arg1 % 800:800 96.7% 796:800 96.7% 796:800 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 29 theme Comparative 569:579 arg1 analysis 604:611 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 569:611 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 569:611 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 30 theme highest 678:684 arg1 level 686:690 the highest level 674:690 the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%) 674:771 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 30 theme highest 678:684 arg1 T 792:792 T 792:792 T 792:792 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 30 theme highest 678:684 arg1 % 800:800 96.7% 796:800 96.7% 796:800 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 30 theme highest 678:684 arg1 % 836:836 96.1% 832:836 96.1% 832:836 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 30 theme highest 678:684 arg1 LMG 782:784 B. humi LMG 22167 774:790 B. humi LMG 22167 774:790 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 8 31 theme major 913:917 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 949:970 diphosphatidylglycerol 949:970 diphosphatidylglycerol 949:970 The major polar lipids of PFS-5(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 24879346 8 31 theme major 913:917 arg1 lipids 925:930 The major polar lipids 909:930 The major polar lipids of PFS-5(T) 909:942 The major polar lipids of PFS-5(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 24879346 4 32 dep peptidoglycan 410:422 arg1 menaquinone 433:443 menaquinone 433:443 menaquinone 433:443 The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan and MK-7 menaquinone. 24879346 4 33 from acid 396:399 arg1 MK-7 428:431 MK-7 428:431 MK-7 428:431 The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan and MK-7 menaquinone. 24879346 4 33 from acid 396:399 arg1 peptidoglycan 410:422 peptidoglycan 410:422 peptidoglycan 410:422 The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan and MK-7 menaquinone. 24879346 4 34 theme meso-diaminopimelic 376:394 arg1 acid 396:399 meso-diaminopimelic acid 376:399 meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan and MK-7 menaquinone 376:443 The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan and MK-7 menaquinone. 24879346 2 35 theme live 183:186 arg1 farm 196:199 a live poultry farm 181:199 a live poultry farm located in Cheonan, Republic of Korea 181:237 A novel bacterial strain, designated PFS-5(T), was isolated from the soil environment with feces of a live poultry farm located in Cheonan, Republic of Korea. 24879346 2 36 from located 201:207 arg1 Republic 221:228 Republic 221:228 Republic 221:228 A novel bacterial strain, designated PFS-5(T), was isolated from the soil environment with feces of a live poultry farm located in Cheonan, Republic of Korea. 24879346 2 37 theme novel 83:87 arg1 strain 99:104 A novel bacterial strain 81:104 A novel bacterial strain 81:104 A novel bacterial strain, designated PFS-5(T), was isolated from the soil environment with feces of a live poultry farm located in Cheonan, Republic of Korea. 24879346 9 38 theme poly-phasic 1026:1036 arg1 data 1038:1041 poly-phasic data 1026:1041 poly-phasic data 1026:1041 On the basis of result from poly-phasic data, strain PFS-5(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Bacillus cheonanensis sp. 24879346 7 39 dep B. 876:877 arg1 luteolus 879:886 luteolus 879:886 luteolus 879:886 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 9 40 theme name 1102:1105 arg1 sp 1129:1130 name Bacillus cheonanensis sp 1102:1130 the name Bacillus cheonanensis sp 1098:1130 On the basis of result from poly-phasic data, strain PFS-5(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Bacillus cheonanensis sp. 24879346 9 41 theme novel 1073:1077 arg1 species 1079:1085 a novel species 1071:1085 a novel species 1071:1085 On the basis of result from poly-phasic data, strain PFS-5(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Bacillus cheonanensis sp. 24879346 3 42 dep Gram-staining-positive 260:281 arg1 bacterium 309:317 bacterium 309:317 bacterium 309:317 Strain PFS-5(T) was Gram-staining-positive, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium, rod-shaped, and endospore-forming. 24879346 3 42 dep Gram-staining-positive 260:281 arg1 motile 284:289 motile 284:289 motile 284:289 Strain PFS-5(T) was Gram-staining-positive, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium, rod-shaped, and endospore-forming. 24879346 3 42 dep Gram-staining-positive 260:281 arg1 aerobic 301:307 aerobic 301:307 aerobic 301:307 Strain PFS-5(T) was Gram-staining-positive, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium, rod-shaped, and endospore-forming. 24879346 3 42 dep Gram-staining-positive 260:281 arg1 rod-shaped 320:329 rod-shaped 320:329 rod-shaped 320:329 Strain PFS-5(T) was Gram-staining-positive, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium, rod-shaped, and endospore-forming. 24879346 3 42 dep Gram-staining-positive 260:281 arg1 endospore-forming 336:352 endospore-forming 336:352 endospore-forming 336:352 Strain PFS-5(T) was Gram-staining-positive, motile, strictly aerobic bacterium, rod-shaped, and endospore-forming. 24879346 9 43 theme Bacillus 1107:1114 arg1 sp 1129:1130 name Bacillus cheonanensis sp 1102:1130 the name Bacillus cheonanensis sp 1098:1130 On the basis of result from poly-phasic data, strain PFS-5(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Bacillus cheonanensis sp. 24879346 10 44 theme = 1187:1187 arg1 KACC 1173:1176 Type strai PFS-5(T) = KACC 1151:1176 Type strai PFS-5(T) = KACC 17469(T) = JCM19333(T) 1151:1199 nov. is proposed (Type strai PFS-5(T) = KACC 17469(T) = JCM19333(T)). 24879346 8 45 theme PFS-5 935:939 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 949:970 diphosphatidylglycerol 949:970 diphosphatidylglycerol 949:970 The major polar lipids of PFS-5(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 24879346 8 45 theme PFS-5 935:939 arg1 lipids 925:930 The major polar lipids 909:930 The major polar lipids of PFS-5(T) 909:942 The major polar lipids of PFS-5(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 24879346 6 46 theme G+C 542:544 arg1 content 546:552 The DNA G+C content 534:552 The DNA G+C content 534:552 The DNA G+C content was 40.1 mol%. 24879346 6 46 theme G+C 542:544 arg1 % 566:566 40.1 mol% 558:566 40.1 mol% 558:566 The DNA G+C content was 40.1 mol%. 24879346 1 47 theme near 45:48 arg1 [corrected 68:77 near poultry farm soil [corrected 45:77 near poultry farm soil [corrected 45:77 nov. isolated from near poultry farm soil [corrected]. 24879346 9 48 from data 1038:1041 arg1 result 1014:1019 result 1014:1019 result from poly-phasic data 1014:1041 On the basis of result from poly-phasic data, strain PFS-5(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Bacillus cheonanensis sp. 24879346 7 49 with similarity 704:713 arg1 strain 725:730 type strain 720:730 type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%) 720:771 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 6 50 theme DNA 538:540 arg1 content 546:552 The DNA G+C content 534:552 The DNA G+C content 534:552 The DNA G+C content was 40.1 mol%. 24879346 6 50 theme DNA 538:540 arg1 % 566:566 40.1 mol% 558:566 40.1 mol% 558:566 The DNA G+C content was 40.1 mol%. 24879346 2 51 theme soil 150:153 arg1 environment 155:165 the soil environment 146:165 the soil environment with feces of a live poultry farm located in Cheonan, Republic of Korea 146:237 A novel bacterial strain, designated PFS-5(T), was isolated from the soil environment with feces of a live poultry farm located in Cheonan, Republic of Korea. 24879346 2 52 theme located 201:207 arg1 farm 196:199 a live poultry farm 181:199 a live poultry farm located in Cheonan, Republic of Korea 181:237 A novel bacterial strain, designated PFS-5(T), was isolated from the soil environment with feces of a live poultry farm located in Cheonan, Republic of Korea. 24879346 7 53 theme D-1,5a 755:760 arg1 strain 725:730 type strain 720:730 type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%) 720:771 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 54 theme sequence 695:702 arg1 similarity 704:713 sequence similarity 695:713 sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%) 695:771 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 2 55 theme farm 196:199 arg1 feces 172:176 feces 172:176 feces of a live poultry farm located in Cheonan, Republic of Korea 172:237 A novel bacterial strain, designated PFS-5(T), was isolated from the soil environment with feces of a live poultry farm located in Cheonan, Republic of Korea. 24879346 8 56 theme polar 919:923 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 949:970 diphosphatidylglycerol 949:970 diphosphatidylglycerol 949:970 The major polar lipids of PFS-5(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 24879346 8 56 theme polar 919:923 arg1 lipids 925:930 The major polar lipids 909:930 The major polar lipids of PFS-5(T) 909:942 The major polar lipids of PFS-5(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 24879346 2 57 from Republic 221:228 arg1 located 201:207 located 201:207 located 201:207 A novel bacterial strain, designated PFS-5(T), was isolated from the soil environment with feces of a live poultry farm located in Cheonan, Republic of Korea. 24879346 9 58 theme strain 1044:1049 arg1 T 1057:1057 T 1057:1057 T 1057:1057 On the basis of result from poly-phasic data, strain PFS-5(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Bacillus cheonanensis sp. 24879346 9 58 theme strain 1044:1049 arg1 PFS-5 1051:1055 strain PFS-5 1044:1055 strain PFS-5(T) 1044:1058 On the basis of result from poly-phasic data, strain PFS-5(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Bacillus cheonanensis sp. 24879346 2 59 theme poultry 188:194 arg1 farm 196:199 a live poultry farm 181:199 a live poultry farm located in Cheonan, Republic of Korea 181:237 A novel bacterial strain, designated PFS-5(T), was isolated from the soil environment with feces of a live poultry farm located in Cheonan, Republic of Korea. 24879346 7 60 theme B. 735:736 arg1 % 770:770 96.9% 766:770 96.9% 766:770 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 60 theme B. 735:736 arg1 T 762:762 T 762:762 T 762:762 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 60 theme B. 735:736 arg1 D-1,5a 755:760 B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a 735:760 B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%) 735:771 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 61 theme strain 624:629 arg1 T 637:637 T 637:637 T 637:637 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 24879346 7 61 theme strain 624:629 arg1 PFS-5 631:635 strain PFS-5 624:635 strain PFS-5(T) 624:638 Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified strain PFS-5(T) in the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest level of sequence similarity with type strain of B. herbersteinensis D-1,5a(T) (96.9%), B. humi LMG 22167(T) (96.7%), B. alkalitelluris BA288(T) (96.1%), B. litoralis SW-211(T) (96.0%), and B. luteolus YIM93174(T) (95.5%). 27135316 0 0 theme Immuno-Dot 67:76 arg1 Assay 78:82 an Immuno-Dot Assay 64:82 an Immuno-Dot Assay 64:82 Quantification of (1→4)-β-d-Galactans in Compression Wood Using an Immuno-Dot Assay. 27135316 4 1 theme 6 611:611 arg1 M 613:613 M 613:613 M 613:613 Wood was milled, partially delignified, and the non-cellulosic polysaccharides, including the (1→4)-β-d-galactans, extracted with 6 M sodium hydroxide. 27135316 7 2 theme -β-d-galactans 1086:1099 arg1 -β-d-galactans 1086:1099 (1→4)-β-d-galactans 1081:1099 (1→4)-β-d-galactans extracted 1081:1109 Using this method, compression and opposite woods from radiata pine (Pinus radiata) were easily distinguished based on the amounts of (1→4)-β-d-galactans extracted. 27135316 7 2 theme -β-d-galactans 1086:1099 arg1 amounts 1070:1076 the amounts 1066:1076 the amounts of (1→4)-β-d-galactans extracted 1066:1109 Using this method, compression and opposite woods from radiata pine (Pinus radiata) were easily distinguished based on the amounts of (1→4)-β-d-galactans extracted. 27135316 8 3 dep separation 1242:1251 arg1 the 1238:1240 the 1238:1240 the 1238:1240 The non-cellulosic polysaccharides in the milled wood samples were also hydrolysed using 2 M trifluoroacetic acid followed by the separation and quantification of the released neutral monosaccharides by high performance anion exchange chromatography. 27135316 2 4 theme debate 300:305 arg1 matter 274:279 a matter 272:279 a matter of some scientific debate 272:305 Its quantification is still a matter of some scientific debate. 27135316 2 4 theme debate 300:305 arg1 quantification 248:261 Its quantification 244:261 Its quantification 244:261 Its quantification is still a matter of some scientific debate. 27135316 6 5 theme available 900:908 arg1 -β-d-galactan 915:927 a commercially available (1→4)-β-d-galactan 885:927 a commercially available (1→4)-β-d-galactan from lupin seeds 885:944 Spots were quantified using a dilution series of a commercially available (1→4)-β-d-galactan from lupin seeds. 27135316 0 6 from Quantification 0:13 arg1 Wood 53:56 Compression Wood 41:56 Compression Wood Using an Immuno-Dot Assay 41:82 Quantification of (1→4)-β-d-Galactans in Compression Wood Using an Immuno-Dot Assay. 27135316 7 7 theme radiata 1002:1008 arg1 pine 1010:1013 radiata pine 1002:1013 radiata pine (Pinus radiata) 1002:1029 Using this method, compression and opposite woods from radiata pine (Pinus radiata) were easily distinguished based on the amounts of (1→4)-β-d-galactans extracted. 27135316 3 8 contain has 342:344 arg1 technique 327:335 a new technique 321:335 a new technique that has the potential to do this based on the higher proportions of (1→4)-β-d-galactans that occur in tracheid cell walls of compression wood 321:478 We developed a new technique that has the potential to do this based on the higher proportions of (1→4)-β-d-galactans that occur in tracheid cell walls of compression wood. 27135316 3 8 contain has 342:344 arg2 potential 350:358 the potential to do this based on the higher proportions of (1→4)-β-d-galactans that occur in tracheid cell walls of compression wood 346:478 the potential to do this based on the higher proportions of (1→4)-β-d-galactans that occur in tracheid cell walls of compression wood 346:478 We developed a new technique that has the potential to do this based on the higher proportions of (1→4)-β-d-galactans that occur in tracheid cell walls of compression wood. 27135316 9 9 theme opposite 1483:1490 arg1 woods 1492:1496 the opposite woods 1479:1496 the opposite woods 1479:1496 This confirmed that the compression woods contained higher proportions of galactose-containing polysaccharides than the opposite woods. 27135316 7 10 theme 1→4 1082:1084 arg1 -β-d-galactans 1086:1099 (1→4)-β-d-galactans 1081:1099 (1→4)-β-d-galactans extracted 1081:1109 Using this method, compression and opposite woods from radiata pine (Pinus radiata) were easily distinguished based on the amounts of (1→4)-β-d-galactans extracted. 27135316 3 11 theme compression 463:473 arg1 wood 475:478 compression wood 463:478 compression wood 463:478 We developed a new technique that has the potential to do this based on the higher proportions of (1→4)-β-d-galactans that occur in tracheid cell walls of compression wood. 27135316 4 12 theme sodium 615:620 arg1 hydroxide 622:630 6 M sodium hydroxide 611:630 6 M sodium hydroxide 611:630 Wood was milled, partially delignified, and the non-cellulosic polysaccharides, including the (1→4)-β-d-galactans, extracted with 6 M sodium hydroxide. 27135316 3 13 theme cell 449:452 arg1 walls 454:458 tracheid cell walls 440:458 tracheid cell walls of compression wood 440:478 We developed a new technique that has the potential to do this based on the higher proportions of (1→4)-β-d-galactans that occur in tracheid cell walls of compression wood. 27135316 4 14 theme 1→4 576:578 arg1 -β-d-galactans 580:593 the (1→4)-β-d-galactans 571:593 the (1→4)-β-d-galactans 571:593 Wood was milled, partially delignified, and the non-cellulosic polysaccharides, including the (1→4)-β-d-galactans, extracted with 6 M sodium hydroxide. 27135316 6 15 from seeds 940:944 arg1 -β-d-galactan 915:927 a commercially available (1→4)-β-d-galactan 885:927 a commercially available (1→4)-β-d-galactan from lupin seeds 885:944 Spots were quantified using a dilution series of a commercially available (1→4)-β-d-galactan from lupin seeds. 27135316 6 15 from seeds 940:944 arg1 series 875:880 a dilution series 864:880 a dilution series of a commercially available (1→4)-β-d-galactan from lupin seeds 864:944 Spots were quantified using a dilution series of a commercially available (1→4)-β-d-galactan from lupin seeds. 27135316 9 16 theme higher 1415:1420 arg1 proportions 1422:1432 higher proportions 1415:1432 higher proportions of galactose-containing polysaccharides 1415:1472 This confirmed that the compression woods contained higher proportions of galactose-containing polysaccharides than the opposite woods. 27135316 5 17 theme 1→4 697:699 arg1 -β-d-galactans 701:714 the (1→4)-β-d-galactans 692:714 the (1→4)-β-d-galactans 692:714 After neutralizing, the solution was serially diluted, and the (1→4)-β-d-galactans determined by an immuno-dot assay using the monoclonal antibody LM5, which specifically recognizes this polysaccharide. 27135316 5 18 theme monoclonal 760:769 arg1 antibody 771:778 the monoclonal antibody LM5 756:782 the monoclonal antibody LM5 756:782 After neutralizing, the solution was serially diluted, and the (1→4)-β-d-galactans determined by an immuno-dot assay using the monoclonal antibody LM5, which specifically recognizes this polysaccharide. 27135316 7 19 dep pine 1010:1013 arg1 Pinus 1016:1020 Pinus 1016:1020 Pinus 1016:1020 Using this method, compression and opposite woods from radiata pine (Pinus radiata) were easily distinguished based on the amounts of (1→4)-β-d-galactans extracted. 27135316 7 20 theme opposite 982:989 arg1 woods 991:995 opposite woods 982:995 opposite woods from radiata pine (Pinus radiata) 982:1029 Using this method, compression and opposite woods from radiata pine (Pinus radiata) were easily distinguished based on the amounts of (1→4)-β-d-galactans extracted. 27135316 9 21 theme galactose-containing 1437:1456 arg1 polysaccharides 1458:1472 galactose-containing polysaccharides 1437:1472 galactose-containing polysaccharides 1437:1472 This confirmed that the compression woods contained higher proportions of galactose-containing polysaccharides than the opposite woods. 27135316 1 22 theme softwood 156:163 arg1 stems 165:169 softwood stems 156:169 softwood stems 156:169 Compression wood is a type of reaction wood formed on the underside of softwood stems when they are tilted from the vertical and on the underside of branches. 27135316 0 23 theme 1→4 19:21 arg1 -β-d-Galactans 23:36 (1→4)-β-d-Galactans 18:36 (1→4)-β-d-Galactans 18:36 Quantification of (1→4)-β-d-Galactans in Compression Wood Using an Immuno-Dot Assay. 27135316 1 24 theme branches 234:241 arg1 underside 221:229 the underside 217:229 the underside of branches 217:241 Compression wood is a type of reaction wood formed on the underside of softwood stems when they are tilted from the vertical and on the underside of branches. 27135316 8 25 theme monosaccharides 1296:1310 arg1 quantification 1257:1270 quantification 1257:1270 quantification 1257:1270 The non-cellulosic polysaccharides in the milled wood samples were also hydrolysed using 2 M trifluoroacetic acid followed by the separation and quantification of the released neutral monosaccharides by high performance anion exchange chromatography. 27135316 8 25 theme monosaccharides 1296:1310 arg1 separation 1242:1251 separation 1242:1251 separation 1242:1251 The non-cellulosic polysaccharides in the milled wood samples were also hydrolysed using 2 M trifluoroacetic acid followed by the separation and quantification of the released neutral monosaccharides by high performance anion exchange chromatography. 27135316 3 26 theme wood 475:478 arg1 walls 454:458 tracheid cell walls 440:458 tracheid cell walls of compression wood 440:478 We developed a new technique that has the potential to do this based on the higher proportions of (1→4)-β-d-galactans that occur in tracheid cell walls of compression wood. 27135316 1 27 theme stems 165:169 arg1 underside 143:151 the underside 139:151 the underside of softwood stems 139:169 Compression wood is a type of reaction wood formed on the underside of softwood stems when they are tilted from the vertical and on the underside of branches. 27135316 3 28 theme new 323:325 arg1 technique 327:335 a new technique 321:335 a new technique that has the potential to do this based on the higher proportions of (1→4)-β-d-galactans that occur in tracheid cell walls of compression wood 321:478 We developed a new technique that has the potential to do this based on the higher proportions of (1→4)-β-d-galactans that occur in tracheid cell walls of compression wood. 27135316 6 29 theme dilution 866:873 arg1 series 875:880 a dilution series 864:880 a dilution series of a commercially available (1→4)-β-d-galactan from lupin seeds 864:944 Spots were quantified using a dilution series of a commercially available (1→4)-β-d-galactan from lupin seeds. 27135316 8 30 theme trifluoroacetic 1205:1219 arg1 acid 1221:1224 2 M trifluoroacetic acid 1201:1224 2 M trifluoroacetic acid followed by the separation and quantification of the released neutral monosaccharides by high performance anion exchange chromatography 1201:1360 The non-cellulosic polysaccharides in the milled wood samples were also hydrolysed using 2 M trifluoroacetic acid followed by the separation and quantification of the released neutral monosaccharides by high performance anion exchange chromatography. 27135316 8 31 theme M 1203:1203 arg1 acid 1221:1224 2 M trifluoroacetic acid 1201:1224 2 M trifluoroacetic acid followed by the separation and quantification of the released neutral monosaccharides by high performance anion exchange chromatography 1201:1360 The non-cellulosic polysaccharides in the milled wood samples were also hydrolysed using 2 M trifluoroacetic acid followed by the separation and quantification of the released neutral monosaccharides by high performance anion exchange chromatography. 27135316 0 32 theme -β-d-Galactans 23:36 arg1 Quantification 0:13 Quantification 0:13 Quantification of (1→4)-β-d-Galactans in Compression Wood Using an Immuno-Dot Assay. 0:83 Quantification of (1→4)-β-d-Galactans in Compression Wood Using an Immuno-Dot Assay. 27135316 4 33 theme M 613:613 arg1 hydroxide 622:630 6 M sodium hydroxide 611:630 6 M sodium hydroxide 611:630 Wood was milled, partially delignified, and the non-cellulosic polysaccharides, including the (1→4)-β-d-galactans, extracted with 6 M sodium hydroxide. 27135316 9 34 theme compression 1387:1397 arg1 woods 1399:1403 the compression woods 1383:1403 the compression woods 1383:1403 This confirmed that the compression woods contained higher proportions of galactose-containing polysaccharides than the opposite woods. 27135316 8 35 theme neutral 1288:1294 arg1 monosaccharides 1296:1310 the released neutral monosaccharides 1275:1310 the released neutral monosaccharides 1275:1310 The non-cellulosic polysaccharides in the milled wood samples were also hydrolysed using 2 M trifluoroacetic acid followed by the separation and quantification of the released neutral monosaccharides by high performance anion exchange chromatography. 27135316 5 36 theme immuno-dot 733:742 arg1 assay 744:748 an immuno-dot assay 730:748 an immuno-dot assay using the monoclonal antibody LM5, which specifically recognizes this polysaccharide 730:833 After neutralizing, the solution was serially diluted, and the (1→4)-β-d-galactans determined by an immuno-dot assay using the monoclonal antibody LM5, which specifically recognizes this polysaccharide. 27135316 8 37 theme non-cellulosic 1116:1129 arg1 polysaccharides 1131:1145 The non-cellulosic polysaccharides 1112:1145 The non-cellulosic polysaccharides in the milled wood samples 1112:1172 The non-cellulosic polysaccharides in the milled wood samples were also hydrolysed using 2 M trifluoroacetic acid followed by the separation and quantification of the released neutral monosaccharides by high performance anion exchange chromatography. 27135316 6 38 from series 875:880 arg1 seeds 940:944 lupin seeds 934:944 lupin seeds 934:944 Spots were quantified using a dilution series of a commercially available (1→4)-β-d-galactan from lupin seeds. 27135316 8 39 theme 2 1201:1201 arg1 M 1203:1203 M 1203:1203 M 1203:1203 The non-cellulosic polysaccharides in the milled wood samples were also hydrolysed using 2 M trifluoroacetic acid followed by the separation and quantification of the released neutral monosaccharides by high performance anion exchange chromatography. 27135316 8 40 theme released 1279:1286 arg1 monosaccharides 1296:1310 the released neutral monosaccharides 1275:1310 the released neutral monosaccharides 1275:1310 The non-cellulosic polysaccharides in the milled wood samples were also hydrolysed using 2 M trifluoroacetic acid followed by the separation and quantification of the released neutral monosaccharides by high performance anion exchange chromatography. 27135316 3 41 theme higher 384:389 arg1 proportions 391:401 the higher proportions 380:401 the higher proportions of (1→4)-β-d-galactans that occur in tracheid cell walls of compression wood 380:478 We developed a new technique that has the potential to do this based on the higher proportions of (1→4)-β-d-galactans that occur in tracheid cell walls of compression wood. 27135316 0 42 theme Compression 41:51 arg1 Wood 53:56 Compression Wood 41:56 Compression Wood Using an Immuno-Dot Assay 41:82 Quantification of (1→4)-β-d-Galactans in Compression Wood Using an Immuno-Dot Assay. 27135316 7 43 from pine 1010:1013 arg1 woods 991:995 opposite woods 982:995 opposite woods from radiata pine (Pinus radiata) 982:1029 Using this method, compression and opposite woods from radiata pine (Pinus radiata) were easily distinguished based on the amounts of (1→4)-β-d-galactans extracted. 27135316 7 43 from pine 1010:1013 arg1 compression 966:976 compression 966:976 compression 966:976 Using this method, compression and opposite woods from radiata pine (Pinus radiata) were easily distinguished based on the amounts of (1→4)-β-d-galactans extracted. 27135316 4 44 dep milled 490:495 arg1 delignified 508:518 delignified 508:518 delignified 508:518 Wood was milled, partially delignified, and the non-cellulosic polysaccharides, including the (1→4)-β-d-galactans, extracted with 6 M sodium hydroxide. 27135316 8 45 from polysaccharides 1131:1145 arg1 samples 1166:1172 the milled wood samples 1150:1172 the milled wood samples 1150:1172 The non-cellulosic polysaccharides in the milled wood samples were also hydrolysed using 2 M trifluoroacetic acid followed by the separation and quantification of the released neutral monosaccharides by high performance anion exchange chromatography. 27135316 2 46 theme scientific 289:298 arg1 debate 300:305 some scientific debate 284:305 some scientific debate 284:305 Its quantification is still a matter of some scientific debate. 27135316 6 47 dep available 900:908 arg1 1→4 911:913 1→4 911:913 1→4 911:913 Spots were quantified using a dilution series of a commercially available (1→4)-β-d-galactan from lupin seeds. 27135316 1 48 theme wood 124:127 arg1 type 107:110 a type 105:110 a type of reaction wood formed on the underside of softwood stems when they are tilted from the vertical and on the underside of branches 105:241 Compression wood is a type of reaction wood formed on the underside of softwood stems when they are tilted from the vertical and on the underside of branches. 27135316 1 48 theme wood 124:127 arg1 wood 97:100 Compression wood 85:100 Compression wood 85:100 Compression wood is a type of reaction wood formed on the underside of softwood stems when they are tilted from the vertical and on the underside of branches. 27135316 3 49 theme -β-d-galactans 411:424 arg1 proportions 391:401 the higher proportions 380:401 the higher proportions of (1→4)-β-d-galactans that occur in tracheid cell walls of compression wood 380:478 We developed a new technique that has the potential to do this based on the higher proportions of (1→4)-β-d-galactans that occur in tracheid cell walls of compression wood. 27135316 8 50 theme anion 1332:1336 arg1 chromatography 1347:1360 high performance anion exchange chromatography 1315:1360 high performance anion exchange chromatography 1315:1360 The non-cellulosic polysaccharides in the milled wood samples were also hydrolysed using 2 M trifluoroacetic acid followed by the separation and quantification of the released neutral monosaccharides by high performance anion exchange chromatography. 27135316 8 51 theme performance 1320:1330 arg1 chromatography 1347:1360 high performance anion exchange chromatography 1315:1360 high performance anion exchange chromatography 1315:1360 The non-cellulosic polysaccharides in the milled wood samples were also hydrolysed using 2 M trifluoroacetic acid followed by the separation and quantification of the released neutral monosaccharides by high performance anion exchange chromatography. 27135316 9 52 theme polysaccharides 1458:1472 arg1 proportions 1422:1432 higher proportions 1415:1432 higher proportions of galactose-containing polysaccharides 1415:1472 This confirmed that the compression woods contained higher proportions of galactose-containing polysaccharides than the opposite woods. 27135316 9 53 contain contained 1405:1413 arg2 proportions 1422:1432 higher proportions 1415:1432 higher proportions of galactose-containing polysaccharides 1415:1472 This confirmed that the compression woods contained higher proportions of galactose-containing polysaccharides than the opposite woods. 27135316 9 53 contain contained 1405:1413 arg1 woods 1399:1403 the compression woods 1383:1403 the compression woods 1383:1403 This confirmed that the compression woods contained higher proportions of galactose-containing polysaccharides than the opposite woods. 27135316 1 54 theme Compression 85:95 arg1 type 107:110 a type 105:110 a type of reaction wood formed on the underside of softwood stems when they are tilted from the vertical and on the underside of branches 105:241 Compression wood is a type of reaction wood formed on the underside of softwood stems when they are tilted from the vertical and on the underside of branches. 27135316 1 54 theme Compression 85:95 arg1 wood 97:100 Compression wood 85:100 Compression wood 85:100 Compression wood is a type of reaction wood formed on the underside of softwood stems when they are tilted from the vertical and on the underside of branches. 27135316 8 55 theme wood 1161:1164 arg1 samples 1166:1172 the milled wood samples 1150:1172 the milled wood samples 1150:1172 The non-cellulosic polysaccharides in the milled wood samples were also hydrolysed using 2 M trifluoroacetic acid followed by the separation and quantification of the released neutral monosaccharides by high performance anion exchange chromatography. 27135316 8 56 theme high 1315:1318 arg1 chromatography 1347:1360 high performance anion exchange chromatography 1315:1360 high performance anion exchange chromatography 1315:1360 The non-cellulosic polysaccharides in the milled wood samples were also hydrolysed using 2 M trifluoroacetic acid followed by the separation and quantification of the released neutral monosaccharides by high performance anion exchange chromatography. 27135316 3 57 theme 1→4 407:409 arg1 -β-d-galactans 411:424 (1→4)-β-d-galactans 406:424 (1→4)-β-d-galactans that occur in tracheid cell walls of compression wood 406:478 We developed a new technique that has the potential to do this based on the higher proportions of (1→4)-β-d-galactans that occur in tracheid cell walls of compression wood. 27135316 6 58 theme -β-d-galactan 915:927 arg1 series 875:880 a dilution series 864:880 a dilution series of a commercially available (1→4)-β-d-galactan from lupin seeds 864:944 Spots were quantified using a dilution series of a commercially available (1→4)-β-d-galactan from lupin seeds. 27135316 6 59 theme lupin 934:938 arg1 seeds 940:944 lupin seeds 934:944 lupin seeds 934:944 Spots were quantified using a dilution series of a commercially available (1→4)-β-d-galactan from lupin seeds. 27135316 8 60 theme exchange 1338:1345 arg1 chromatography 1347:1360 high performance anion exchange chromatography 1315:1360 high performance anion exchange chromatography 1315:1360 The non-cellulosic polysaccharides in the milled wood samples were also hydrolysed using 2 M trifluoroacetic acid followed by the separation and quantification of the released neutral monosaccharides by high performance anion exchange chromatography. 27135316 8 61 theme milled 1154:1159 arg1 samples 1166:1172 the milled wood samples 1150:1172 the milled wood samples 1150:1172 The non-cellulosic polysaccharides in the milled wood samples were also hydrolysed using 2 M trifluoroacetic acid followed by the separation and quantification of the released neutral monosaccharides by high performance anion exchange chromatography. 27135316 1 62 theme reaction 115:122 arg1 wood 124:127 reaction wood 115:127 reaction wood 115:127 Compression wood is a type of reaction wood formed on the underside of softwood stems when they are tilted from the vertical and on the underside of branches. 27135316 4 63 theme non-cellulosic 529:542 arg1 polysaccharides 544:558 the non-cellulosic polysaccharides 525:558 the non-cellulosic polysaccharides 525:558 Wood was milled, partially delignified, and the non-cellulosic polysaccharides, including the (1→4)-β-d-galactans, extracted with 6 M sodium hydroxide. 27135316 4 63 theme non-cellulosic 529:542 arg1 -β-d-galactans 580:593 the (1→4)-β-d-galactans 571:593 the (1→4)-β-d-galactans 571:593 Wood was milled, partially delignified, and the non-cellulosic polysaccharides, including the (1→4)-β-d-galactans, extracted with 6 M sodium hydroxide. 27135316 7 64 dep Pinus 1016:1020 arg1 radiata 1022:1028 radiata 1022:1028 Pinus radiata 1016:1028 Using this method, compression and opposite woods from radiata pine (Pinus radiata) were easily distinguished based on the amounts of (1→4)-β-d-galactans extracted. 27135316 3 65 theme tracheid 440:447 arg1 walls 454:458 tracheid cell walls 440:458 tracheid cell walls of compression wood 440:478 We developed a new technique that has the potential to do this based on the higher proportions of (1→4)-β-d-galactans that occur in tracheid cell walls of compression wood. 24843076 1 0 from functions 206:214 arg1 plants 219:224 plants 219:224 plants 219:224 Flavones are a major class of flavonoids with a wide range of physiological functions in plants. 24843076 6 1 theme flavone 822:828 arg1 nucleus 830:836 the flavone nucleus 818:836 the flavone nucleus 818:836 On the other hand, O-linked modifications were proposed to proceed after the flavone nucleus is generated. 24843076 5 2 from activity 700:707 arg1 C-glycosides 731:742 2-hydroxyflavanone C-glycosides 712:742 2-hydroxyflavanone C-glycosides 712:742 Flavone C-glycosides are subsequently formed by dehydratase activity on 2-hydroxyflavanone C-glycosides. 24843076 13 3 theme cytochrome 1817:1826 arg1 subfamily 1840:1848 the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily 1813:1848 the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily 1813:1848 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily may represent a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today. 24843076 9 4 theme transgenic 1174:1183 arg1 expression 1185:1194 transgenic expression 1174:1194 transgenic expression of CYP93G1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 1174:1243 Consistently, transgenic expression of CYP93G1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in the accumulation of different flavone O-glycosides, which are not naturally present in cruciferous plants. 24843076 13 5 dep C- 1938:1939 arg1 today 1977:1981 today 1977:1981 today 1977:1981 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily may represent a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today. 24843076 10 6 theme CYP93G1 1394:1400 arg1 mutant 1412:1417 a rice CYP93G1 insertion mutant 1387:1417 a rice CYP93G1 insertion mutant 1387:1417 Metabolite analysis of a rice CYP93G1 insertion mutant further demonstrated the preferential depletion of tricin O-linked flavanolignans and glycosides. 24843076 1 7 theme flavonoids 160:169 arg1 Flavones 130:137 Flavones 130:137 Flavones 130:137 Flavones are a major class of flavonoids with a wide range of physiological functions in plants. 24843076 1 7 theme flavonoids 160:169 arg1 class 151:155 a major class 143:155 a major class of flavonoids with a wide range of physiological functions in plants 143:224 Flavones are a major class of flavonoids with a wide range of physiological functions in plants. 24843076 6 8 link O-linked 764:771 arg1 modifications 773:785 O-linked modifications 764:785 O-linked modifications 764:785 On the other hand, O-linked modifications were proposed to proceed after the flavone nucleus is generated. 24843076 13 9 theme flavone 1930:1936 arg1 C- 1938:1939 flavone C- 1930:1939 flavone C- 1930:1939 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily may represent a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today. 24843076 11 10 theme flow 1555:1558 arg1 redirection 1530:1540 redirection 1530:1540 redirection of metabolic flow to the biosynthesis of flavone C-glycosides 1530:1602 By contrast, redirection of metabolic flow to the biosynthesis of flavone C-glycosides was observed. 24843076 12 11 link O-linked 1737:1744 arg1 conjugates 1746:1755 tricin O-linked conjugates 1730:1755 tricin O-linked conjugates in rice 1730:1763 Our findings established that CYP93G1 is a key branch point enzyme channeling flavanones to the biosynthesis of tricin O-linked conjugates in rice. 24843076 12 12 from conjugates 1746:1755 arg1 rice 1760:1763 rice 1760:1763 rice 1760:1763 Our findings established that CYP93G1 is a key branch point enzyme channeling flavanones to the biosynthesis of tricin O-linked conjugates in rice. 24843076 2 13 link O-linked 283:290 arg1 They 227:230 They 227:230 They 227:230 They are constitutively accumulated as C-glycosides and O-linked conjugates in vegetative tissues of grasses. 24843076 2 13 link O-linked 283:290 arg1 conjugates 292:301 C-glycosides and O-linked conjugates 266:301 C-glycosides and O-linked conjugates in vegetative tissues of grasses 266:334 They are constitutively accumulated as C-glycosides and O-linked conjugates in vegetative tissues of grasses. 24843076 7 14 theme flavanones 1019:1028 arg1 conversion 1005:1014 the direct conversion 994:1014 the direct conversion of flavanones to flavones 994:1040 In this study, we demonstrate that CYP93G1, the closest homolog of CYP93G2 in rice, is a bona fide flavone synthase II (FNSII) that catalyzes the direct conversion of flavanones to flavones. 24843076 13 15 from FNSII 1804:1808 arg1 subfamily 1840:1848 the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily 1813:1848 the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily 1813:1848 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily may represent a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today. 24843076 13 16 theme Functional 1766:1775 arg1 diversification 1777:1791 Functional diversification 1766:1791 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily 1766:1848 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily may represent a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today. 24843076 13 17 from subfamily 1840:1848 arg1 diversification 1777:1791 Functional diversification 1766:1791 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily 1766:1848 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily may represent a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today. 24843076 12 18 theme tricin 1730:1735 arg1 conjugates 1746:1755 tricin O-linked conjugates 1730:1755 tricin O-linked conjugates in rice 1730:1763 Our findings established that CYP93G1 is a key branch point enzyme channeling flavanones to the biosynthesis of tricin O-linked conjugates in rice. 24843076 12 19 from biosynthesis 1714:1725 arg1 rice 1760:1763 rice 1760:1763 rice 1760:1763 Our findings established that CYP93G1 is a key branch point enzyme channeling flavanones to the biosynthesis of tricin O-linked conjugates in rice. 24843076 13 20 theme O-linked 1945:1952 arg1 derivatives 1954:1964 O-linked derivatives 1945:1964 O-linked derivatives in grasses 1945:1975 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily may represent a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today. 24843076 12 21 theme conjugates 1746:1755 arg1 biosynthesis 1714:1725 the biosynthesis 1710:1725 the biosynthesis of tricin O-linked conjugates in rice 1710:1763 Our findings established that CYP93G1 is a key branch point enzyme channeling flavanones to the biosynthesis of tricin O-linked conjugates in rice. 24843076 7 22 dep bona 941:944 arg1 fide 946:949 fide 946:949 fide 946:949 In this study, we demonstrate that CYP93G1, the closest homolog of CYP93G2 in rice, is a bona fide flavone synthase II (FNSII) that catalyzes the direct conversion of flavanones to flavones. 24843076 4 23 theme cytochrome 486:495 arg1 P450 497:500 cytochrome P450 93G2 486:505 cytochrome P450 93G2 (CYP93G2) 486:515 Previously, we reported that cytochrome P450 93G2 (CYP93G2) functions as a flavanone 2-hydroxylase (F2H) that provides 2-hydroxyflavanones for C-glycosylation in rice (Oryza sativa). 24843076 4 23 theme cytochrome 486:495 arg1 CYP93G2 508:514 CYP93G2 508:514 CYP93G2 508:514 Previously, we reported that cytochrome P450 93G2 (CYP93G2) functions as a flavanone 2-hydroxylase (F2H) that provides 2-hydroxyflavanones for C-glycosylation in rice (Oryza sativa). 24843076 4 23 theme cytochrome 486:495 arg1 2-hydroxylase 542:554 a flavanone 2-hydroxylase 530:554 a flavanone 2-hydroxylase (F2H) that provides 2-hydroxyflavanones for C-glycosylation in rice (Oryza sativa) 530:637 Previously, we reported that cytochrome P450 93G2 (CYP93G2) functions as a flavanone 2-hydroxylase (F2H) that provides 2-hydroxyflavanones for C-glycosylation in rice (Oryza sativa). 24843076 10 24 theme preferential 1444:1455 arg1 depletion 1457:1465 the preferential depletion 1440:1465 the preferential depletion of tricin O-linked flavanolignans and glycosides 1440:1514 Metabolite analysis of a rice CYP93G1 insertion mutant further demonstrated the preferential depletion of tricin O-linked flavanolignans and glycosides. 24843076 4 25 from 2-hydroxyflavanones 576:594 arg1 sativa 631:636 rice (Oryza sativa) 619:637 rice (Oryza sativa) 619:637 Previously, we reported that cytochrome P450 93G2 (CYP93G2) functions as a flavanone 2-hydroxylase (F2H) that provides 2-hydroxyflavanones for C-glycosylation in rice (Oryza sativa). 24843076 13 26 theme C- 1938:1939 arg1 cooccurrence 1914:1925 the prevalent cooccurrence 1900:1925 the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today 1900:1981 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily may represent a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today. 24843076 9 27 theme flavone 1287:1293 arg1 O-glycosides 1295:1306 different flavone O-glycosides 1277:1306 different flavone O-glycosides 1277:1306 Consistently, transgenic expression of CYP93G1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in the accumulation of different flavone O-glycosides, which are not naturally present in cruciferous plants. 24843076 13 28 from C- 1938:1939 arg1 grasses 1969:1975 grasses 1969:1975 grasses 1969:1975 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily may represent a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today. 24843076 12 29 theme point 1672:1676 arg1 CYP93G1 1648:1654 CYP93G1 1648:1654 CYP93G1 1648:1654 Our findings established that CYP93G1 is a key branch point enzyme channeling flavanones to the biosynthesis of tricin O-linked conjugates in rice. 24843076 12 29 theme point 1672:1676 arg1 enzyme 1678:1683 a key branch point enzyme 1659:1683 a key branch point enzyme channeling flavanones to the biosynthesis of tricin O-linked conjugates in rice 1659:1763 Our findings established that CYP93G1 is a key branch point enzyme channeling flavanones to the biosynthesis of tricin O-linked conjugates in rice. 24843076 10 30 theme O-linked 1477:1484 arg1 flavanolignans 1486:1499 tricin O-linked flavanolignans 1470:1499 tricin O-linked flavanolignans 1470:1499 Metabolite analysis of a rice CYP93G1 insertion mutant further demonstrated the preferential depletion of tricin O-linked flavanolignans and glycosides. 24843076 13 31 from diversification 1777:1791 arg1 subfamily 1840:1848 the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily 1813:1848 the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily 1813:1848 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily may represent a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today. 24843076 9 32 from present 1333:1339 arg1 plants 1356:1361 cruciferous plants 1344:1361 cruciferous plants 1344:1361 Consistently, transgenic expression of CYP93G1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in the accumulation of different flavone O-glycosides, which are not naturally present in cruciferous plants. 24843076 13 33 theme prevalent 1904:1912 arg1 cooccurrence 1914:1925 the prevalent cooccurrence 1900:1925 the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today 1900:1981 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily may represent a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today. 24843076 3 34 theme flavones 404:411 arg1 modifications 387:399 the two structural modifications 368:399 the two structural modifications of flavones 368:411 It has long been presumed that the two structural modifications of flavones occur through independent metabolic routes. 24843076 0 35 theme Cytochrome 0:9 arg1 P450 11:14 Cytochrome P450 0:14 Cytochrome P450 93G1 0:19 Cytochrome P450 93G1 Is a Flavone Synthase II That Channels Flavanones to the Biosynthesis of Tricin O-Linked Conjugates in Rice. 24843076 10 36 theme Metabolite 1364:1373 arg1 analysis 1375:1382 Metabolite analysis 1364:1382 Metabolite analysis of a rice CYP93G1 insertion mutant 1364:1417 Metabolite analysis of a rice CYP93G1 insertion mutant further demonstrated the preferential depletion of tricin O-linked flavanolignans and glycosides. 24843076 12 37 theme key 1661:1663 arg1 CYP93G1 1648:1654 CYP93G1 1648:1654 CYP93G1 1648:1654 Our findings established that CYP93G1 is a key branch point enzyme channeling flavanones to the biosynthesis of tricin O-linked conjugates in rice. 24843076 12 37 theme key 1661:1663 arg1 enzyme 1678:1683 a key branch point enzyme 1659:1683 a key branch point enzyme channeling flavanones to the biosynthesis of tricin O-linked conjugates in rice 1659:1763 Our findings established that CYP93G1 is a key branch point enzyme channeling flavanones to the biosynthesis of tricin O-linked conjugates in rice. 24843076 3 38 theme metabolic 439:447 arg1 routes 449:454 independent metabolic routes 427:454 independent metabolic routes 427:454 It has long been presumed that the two structural modifications of flavones occur through independent metabolic routes. 24843076 8 39 theme recombinant 1046:1056 arg1 assays 1065:1070 recombinant enzyme assays 1046:1070 recombinant enzyme assays 1046:1070 In recombinant enzyme assays, CYP93G1 desaturated naringenin and eriodictyol to apigenin and luteolin, respectively. 24843076 0 40 dep Synthase 34:41 arg1 Flavanones 60:69 Flavanones 60:69 Flavanones 60:69 Cytochrome P450 93G1 Is a Flavone Synthase II That Channels Flavanones to the Biosynthesis of Tricin O-Linked Conjugates in Rice. 24843076 2 41 theme grasses 328:334 arg1 tissues 317:323 vegetative tissues 306:323 vegetative tissues of grasses 306:334 They are constitutively accumulated as C-glycosides and O-linked conjugates in vegetative tissues of grasses. 24843076 10 42 theme mutant 1412:1417 arg1 analysis 1375:1382 Metabolite analysis 1364:1382 Metabolite analysis of a rice CYP93G1 insertion mutant 1364:1417 Metabolite analysis of a rice CYP93G1 insertion mutant further demonstrated the preferential depletion of tricin O-linked flavanolignans and glycosides. 24843076 6 43 theme other 752:756 arg1 hand 758:761 the other hand 748:761 the other hand 748:761 On the other hand, O-linked modifications were proposed to proceed after the flavone nucleus is generated. 24843076 1 44 with class 151:155 arg1 range 183:187 a wide range 176:187 a wide range of physiological functions in plants 176:224 Flavones are a major class of flavonoids with a wide range of physiological functions in plants. 24843076 13 45 theme P450 1828:1831 arg1 subfamily 1840:1848 the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily 1813:1848 the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily 1813:1848 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily may represent a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today. 24843076 1 46 theme functions 206:214 arg1 range 183:187 a wide range 176:187 a wide range of physiological functions in plants 176:224 Flavones are a major class of flavonoids with a wide range of physiological functions in plants. 24843076 13 47 theme FNSII 1804:1808 arg1 diversification 1777:1791 Functional diversification 1766:1791 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily 1766:1848 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily may represent a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today. 24843076 11 48 theme flavone 1583:1589 arg1 C-glycosides 1591:1602 flavone C-glycosides 1583:1602 flavone C-glycosides 1583:1602 By contrast, redirection of metabolic flow to the biosynthesis of flavone C-glycosides was observed. 24843076 5 49 theme Flavone 640:646 arg1 C-glycosides 648:659 Flavone C-glycosides 640:659 Flavone C-glycosides 640:659 Flavone C-glycosides are subsequently formed by dehydratase activity on 2-hydroxyflavanone C-glycosides. 24843076 2 50 theme C-glycosides 266:277 arg1 They 227:230 They 227:230 They 227:230 They are constitutively accumulated as C-glycosides and O-linked conjugates in vegetative tissues of grasses. 24843076 2 50 theme C-glycosides 266:277 arg1 conjugates 292:301 C-glycosides and O-linked conjugates 266:301 C-glycosides and O-linked conjugates in vegetative tissues of grasses 266:334 They are constitutively accumulated as C-glycosides and O-linked conjugates in vegetative tissues of grasses. 24843076 11 51 theme metabolic 1545:1553 arg1 flow 1555:1558 metabolic flow 1545:1558 metabolic flow 1545:1558 By contrast, redirection of metabolic flow to the biosynthesis of flavone C-glycosides was observed. 24843076 1 52 theme major 145:149 arg1 Flavones 130:137 Flavones 130:137 Flavones 130:137 Flavones are a major class of flavonoids with a wide range of physiological functions in plants. 24843076 1 52 theme major 145:149 arg1 class 151:155 a major class 143:155 a major class of flavonoids with a wide range of physiological functions in plants 143:224 Flavones are a major class of flavonoids with a wide range of physiological functions in plants. 24843076 3 53 theme structural 376:385 arg1 modifications 387:399 the two structural modifications 368:399 the two structural modifications of flavones 368:411 It has long been presumed that the two structural modifications of flavones occur through independent metabolic routes. 24843076 10 54 theme insertion 1402:1410 arg1 mutant 1412:1417 a rice CYP93G1 insertion mutant 1387:1417 a rice CYP93G1 insertion mutant 1387:1417 Metabolite analysis of a rice CYP93G1 insertion mutant further demonstrated the preferential depletion of tricin O-linked flavanolignans and glycosides. 24843076 13 55 theme F2H 1796:1798 arg1 diversification 1777:1791 Functional diversification 1766:1791 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily 1766:1848 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily may represent a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today. 24843076 0 56 theme Conjugates 110:119 arg1 Biosynthesis 78:89 the Biosynthesis 74:89 the Biosynthesis of Tricin O-Linked Conjugates in Rice 74:127 Cytochrome P450 93G1 Is a Flavone Synthase II That Channels Flavanones to the Biosynthesis of Tricin O-Linked Conjugates in Rice. 24843076 9 57 theme CYP93G1 1199:1205 arg1 expression 1185:1194 transgenic expression 1174:1194 transgenic expression of CYP93G1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 1174:1243 Consistently, transgenic expression of CYP93G1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in the accumulation of different flavone O-glycosides, which are not naturally present in cruciferous plants. 24843076 2 58 theme O-linked 283:290 arg1 They 227:230 They 227:230 They 227:230 They are constitutively accumulated as C-glycosides and O-linked conjugates in vegetative tissues of grasses. 24843076 2 58 theme O-linked 283:290 arg1 conjugates 292:301 C-glycosides and O-linked conjugates 266:301 C-glycosides and O-linked conjugates in vegetative tissues of grasses 266:334 They are constitutively accumulated as C-glycosides and O-linked conjugates in vegetative tissues of grasses. 24843076 9 59 attach present 1333:1339 arg2 O-glycosides 1295:1306 different flavone O-glycosides 1277:1306 different flavone O-glycosides 1277:1306 Consistently, transgenic expression of CYP93G1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in the accumulation of different flavone O-glycosides, which are not naturally present in cruciferous plants. 24843076 9 59 attach present 1333:1339 arg1 plants 1356:1361 cruciferous plants 1344:1361 cruciferous plants 1344:1361 Consistently, transgenic expression of CYP93G1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in the accumulation of different flavone O-glycosides, which are not naturally present in cruciferous plants. 24843076 4 60 theme rice 619:622 arg1 sativa 631:636 rice (Oryza sativa) 619:637 rice (Oryza sativa) 619:637 Previously, we reported that cytochrome P450 93G2 (CYP93G2) functions as a flavanone 2-hydroxylase (F2H) that provides 2-hydroxyflavanones for C-glycosylation in rice (Oryza sativa). 24843076 1 61 from plants 219:224 arg1 range 183:187 a wide range 176:187 a wide range of physiological functions in plants 176:224 Flavones are a major class of flavonoids with a wide range of physiological functions in plants. 24843076 9 62 theme Arabidopsis 1210:1220 arg1 thaliana 1235:1242 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 1210:1243 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 1210:1243 Consistently, transgenic expression of CYP93G1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in the accumulation of different flavone O-glycosides, which are not naturally present in cruciferous plants. 24843076 1 63 theme wide 178:181 arg1 range 183:187 a wide range 176:187 a wide range of physiological functions in plants 176:224 Flavones are a major class of flavonoids with a wide range of physiological functions in plants. 24843076 4 64 theme Oryza 625:629 arg1 sativa 631:636 rice (Oryza sativa) 619:637 rice (Oryza sativa) 619:637 Previously, we reported that cytochrome P450 93G2 (CYP93G2) functions as a flavanone 2-hydroxylase (F2H) that provides 2-hydroxyflavanones for C-glycosylation in rice (Oryza sativa). 24843076 7 65 theme direct 998:1003 arg1 conversion 1005:1014 the direct conversion 994:1014 the direct conversion of flavanones to flavones 994:1040 In this study, we demonstrate that CYP93G1, the closest homolog of CYP93G2 in rice, is a bona fide flavone synthase II (FNSII) that catalyzes the direct conversion of flavanones to flavones. 24843076 9 66 theme Arabidopsis 1223:1233 arg1 thaliana 1235:1242 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 1210:1243 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 1210:1243 Consistently, transgenic expression of CYP93G1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in the accumulation of different flavone O-glycosides, which are not naturally present in cruciferous plants. 24843076 1 67 from range 183:187 arg1 plants 219:224 plants 219:224 plants 219:224 Flavones are a major class of flavonoids with a wide range of physiological functions in plants. 24843076 5 68 theme dehydratase 688:698 arg1 activity 700:707 dehydratase activity 688:707 dehydratase activity on 2-hydroxyflavanone C-glycosides 688:742 Flavone C-glycosides are subsequently formed by dehydratase activity on 2-hydroxyflavanone C-glycosides. 24843076 9 69 located present 1333:1339 arg2 O-glycosides 1295:1306 different flavone O-glycosides 1277:1306 different flavone O-glycosides 1277:1306 Consistently, transgenic expression of CYP93G1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in the accumulation of different flavone O-glycosides, which are not naturally present in cruciferous plants. 24843076 9 69 located present 1333:1339 arg1 plants 1356:1361 cruciferous plants 1344:1361 cruciferous plants 1344:1361 Consistently, transgenic expression of CYP93G1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in the accumulation of different flavone O-glycosides, which are not naturally present in cruciferous plants. 24843076 10 70 theme rice 1389:1392 arg1 mutant 1412:1417 a rice CYP93G1 insertion mutant 1387:1417 a rice CYP93G1 insertion mutant 1387:1417 Metabolite analysis of a rice CYP93G1 insertion mutant further demonstrated the preferential depletion of tricin O-linked flavanolignans and glycosides. 24843076 13 71 from grasses 1969:1975 arg1 cooccurrence 1914:1925 the prevalent cooccurrence 1900:1925 the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today 1900:1981 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily may represent a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today. 24843076 0 72 from Biosynthesis 78:89 arg1 Rice 124:127 Rice 124:127 Rice 124:127 Cytochrome P450 93G1 Is a Flavone Synthase II That Channels Flavanones to the Biosynthesis of Tricin O-Linked Conjugates in Rice. 24843076 9 73 from expression 1185:1194 arg1 thaliana 1235:1242 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 1210:1243 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 1210:1243 Consistently, transgenic expression of CYP93G1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in the accumulation of different flavone O-glycosides, which are not naturally present in cruciferous plants. 24843076 13 74 theme derivatives 1954:1964 arg1 cooccurrence 1914:1925 the prevalent cooccurrence 1900:1925 the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today 1900:1981 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily may represent a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today. 24843076 13 75 link O-linked 1945:1952 arg1 derivatives 1954:1964 O-linked derivatives 1945:1964 O-linked derivatives in grasses 1945:1975 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily may represent a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today. 24843076 12 76 theme O-linked 1737:1744 arg1 conjugates 1746:1755 tricin O-linked conjugates 1730:1755 tricin O-linked conjugates in rice 1730:1763 Our findings established that CYP93G1 is a key branch point enzyme channeling flavanones to the biosynthesis of tricin O-linked conjugates in rice. 24843076 9 77 from plants 1356:1361 arg1 present 1333:1339 present 1333:1339 present 1333:1339 Consistently, transgenic expression of CYP93G1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in the accumulation of different flavone O-glycosides, which are not naturally present in cruciferous plants. 24843076 7 78 theme flavone 951:957 arg1 synthase 959:966 a bona fide flavone synthase II 939:969 a bona fide flavone synthase II (FNSII) that catalyzes the direct conversion of flavanones to flavones 939:1040 In this study, we demonstrate that CYP93G1, the closest homolog of CYP93G2 in rice, is a bona fide flavone synthase II (FNSII) that catalyzes the direct conversion of flavanones to flavones. 24843076 7 78 theme flavone 951:957 arg1 FNSII 972:976 FNSII 972:976 FNSII 972:976 In this study, we demonstrate that CYP93G1, the closest homolog of CYP93G2 in rice, is a bona fide flavone synthase II (FNSII) that catalyzes the direct conversion of flavanones to flavones. 24843076 7 78 theme flavone 951:957 arg1 CYP93G1 887:893 CYP93G1 887:893 CYP93G1 887:893 In this study, we demonstrate that CYP93G1, the closest homolog of CYP93G2 in rice, is a bona fide flavone synthase II (FNSII) that catalyzes the direct conversion of flavanones to flavones. 24843076 13 79 from F2H 1796:1798 arg1 subfamily 1840:1848 the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily 1813:1848 the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily 1813:1848 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily may represent a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today. 24843076 0 80 theme O-Linked 101:108 arg1 Conjugates 110:119 Tricin O-Linked Conjugates 94:119 Tricin O-Linked Conjugates 94:119 Cytochrome P450 93G1 Is a Flavone Synthase II That Channels Flavanones to the Biosynthesis of Tricin O-Linked Conjugates in Rice. 24843076 10 81 link O-linked 1477:1484 arg1 flavanolignans 1486:1499 tricin O-linked flavanolignans 1470:1499 tricin O-linked flavanolignans 1470:1499 Metabolite analysis of a rice CYP93G1 insertion mutant further demonstrated the preferential depletion of tricin O-linked flavanolignans and glycosides. 24843076 9 82 theme different 1277:1285 arg1 O-glycosides 1295:1306 different flavone O-glycosides 1277:1306 different flavone O-glycosides 1277:1306 Consistently, transgenic expression of CYP93G1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in the accumulation of different flavone O-glycosides, which are not naturally present in cruciferous plants. 24843076 7 83 theme bona 941:944 arg1 synthase 959:966 a bona fide flavone synthase II 939:969 a bona fide flavone synthase II (FNSII) that catalyzes the direct conversion of flavanones to flavones 939:1040 In this study, we demonstrate that CYP93G1, the closest homolog of CYP93G2 in rice, is a bona fide flavone synthase II (FNSII) that catalyzes the direct conversion of flavanones to flavones. 24843076 7 83 theme bona 941:944 arg1 FNSII 972:976 FNSII 972:976 FNSII 972:976 In this study, we demonstrate that CYP93G1, the closest homolog of CYP93G2 in rice, is a bona fide flavone synthase II (FNSII) that catalyzes the direct conversion of flavanones to flavones. 24843076 7 83 theme bona 941:944 arg1 CYP93G1 887:893 CYP93G1 887:893 CYP93G1 887:893 In this study, we demonstrate that CYP93G1, the closest homolog of CYP93G2 in rice, is a bona fide flavone synthase II (FNSII) that catalyzes the direct conversion of flavanones to flavones. 24843076 2 84 from conjugates 292:301 arg1 tissues 317:323 vegetative tissues 306:323 vegetative tissues of grasses 306:334 They are constitutively accumulated as C-glycosides and O-linked conjugates in vegetative tissues of grasses. 24843076 0 85 theme Tricin 94:99 arg1 Conjugates 110:119 Tricin O-Linked Conjugates 94:119 Tricin O-Linked Conjugates 94:119 Cytochrome P450 93G1 Is a Flavone Synthase II That Channels Flavanones to the Biosynthesis of Tricin O-Linked Conjugates in Rice. 24843076 9 86 theme O-glycosides 1295:1306 arg1 accumulation 1261:1272 the accumulation 1257:1272 the accumulation of different flavone O-glycosides, which are not naturally present in cruciferous plants 1257:1361 Consistently, transgenic expression of CYP93G1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in the accumulation of different flavone O-glycosides, which are not naturally present in cruciferous plants. 24843076 13 87 from cooccurrence 1914:1925 arg1 grasses 1969:1975 grasses 1969:1975 grasses 1969:1975 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily may represent a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today. 24843076 12 88 theme branch 1665:1670 arg1 CYP93G1 1648:1654 CYP93G1 1648:1654 CYP93G1 1648:1654 Our findings established that CYP93G1 is a key branch point enzyme channeling flavanones to the biosynthesis of tricin O-linked conjugates in rice. 24843076 12 88 theme branch 1665:1670 arg1 enzyme 1678:1683 a key branch point enzyme 1659:1683 a key branch point enzyme channeling flavanones to the biosynthesis of tricin O-linked conjugates in rice 1659:1763 Our findings established that CYP93G1 is a key branch point enzyme channeling flavanones to the biosynthesis of tricin O-linked conjugates in rice. 24843076 10 89 theme tricin 1470:1475 arg1 flavanolignans 1486:1499 tricin O-linked flavanolignans 1470:1499 tricin O-linked flavanolignans 1470:1499 Metabolite analysis of a rice CYP93G1 insertion mutant further demonstrated the preferential depletion of tricin O-linked flavanolignans and glycosides. 24843076 3 90 theme independent 427:437 arg1 routes 449:454 independent metabolic routes 427:454 independent metabolic routes 427:454 It has long been presumed that the two structural modifications of flavones occur through independent metabolic routes. 24843076 0 91 theme P450 11:14 arg1 93G1 16:19 Cytochrome P450 93G1 0:19 Cytochrome P450 93G1 0:19 Cytochrome P450 93G1 Is a Flavone Synthase II That Channels Flavanones to the Biosynthesis of Tricin O-Linked Conjugates in Rice. 24843076 0 91 theme P450 11:14 arg1 Synthase 34:41 a Flavone Synthase II 24:44 a Flavone Synthase II That Channels Flavanones to the Biosynthesis of Tricin O-Linked Conjugates in Rice 24:127 Cytochrome P450 93G1 Is a Flavone Synthase II That Channels Flavanones to the Biosynthesis of Tricin O-Linked Conjugates in Rice. 24843076 13 92 from derivatives 1954:1964 arg1 grasses 1969:1975 grasses 1969:1975 grasses 1969:1975 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily may represent a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today. 24843076 4 93 theme flavanone 532:540 arg1 P450 497:500 cytochrome P450 93G2 486:505 cytochrome P450 93G2 (CYP93G2) 486:515 Previously, we reported that cytochrome P450 93G2 (CYP93G2) functions as a flavanone 2-hydroxylase (F2H) that provides 2-hydroxyflavanones for C-glycosylation in rice (Oryza sativa). 24843076 4 93 theme flavanone 532:540 arg1 F2H 557:559 F2H 557:559 F2H 557:559 Previously, we reported that cytochrome P450 93G2 (CYP93G2) functions as a flavanone 2-hydroxylase (F2H) that provides 2-hydroxyflavanones for C-glycosylation in rice (Oryza sativa). 24843076 4 93 theme flavanone 532:540 arg1 2-hydroxylase 542:554 a flavanone 2-hydroxylase 530:554 a flavanone 2-hydroxylase (F2H) that provides 2-hydroxyflavanones for C-glycosylation in rice (Oryza sativa) 530:637 Previously, we reported that cytochrome P450 93G2 (CYP93G2) functions as a flavanone 2-hydroxylase (F2H) that provides 2-hydroxyflavanones for C-glycosylation in rice (Oryza sativa). 24843076 7 94 theme CYP93G2 919:925 arg1 CYP93G1 887:893 CYP93G1 887:893 CYP93G1 887:893 In this study, we demonstrate that CYP93G1, the closest homolog of CYP93G2 in rice, is a bona fide flavone synthase II (FNSII) that catalyzes the direct conversion of flavanones to flavones. 24843076 7 94 theme CYP93G2 919:925 arg1 homolog 908:914 the closest homolog 896:914 the closest homolog of CYP93G2 in rice 896:933 In this study, we demonstrate that CYP93G1, the closest homolog of CYP93G2 in rice, is a bona fide flavone synthase II (FNSII) that catalyzes the direct conversion of flavanones to flavones. 24843076 10 95 theme glycosides 1505:1514 arg1 depletion 1457:1465 the preferential depletion 1440:1465 the preferential depletion of tricin O-linked flavanolignans and glycosides 1440:1514 Metabolite analysis of a rice CYP93G1 insertion mutant further demonstrated the preferential depletion of tricin O-linked flavanolignans and glycosides. 24843076 7 96 from homolog 908:914 arg1 rice 930:933 rice 930:933 rice 930:933 In this study, we demonstrate that CYP93G1, the closest homolog of CYP93G2 in rice, is a bona fide flavone synthase II (FNSII) that catalyzes the direct conversion of flavanones to flavones. 24843076 13 97 theme lineage-specific 1866:1881 arg1 event 1883:1887 a lineage-specific event 1864:1887 a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today 1864:1981 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily may represent a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today. 24843076 0 98 theme Flavone 26:32 arg1 93G1 16:19 Cytochrome P450 93G1 0:19 Cytochrome P450 93G1 0:19 Cytochrome P450 93G1 Is a Flavone Synthase II That Channels Flavanones to the Biosynthesis of Tricin O-Linked Conjugates in Rice. 24843076 0 98 theme Flavone 26:32 arg1 Synthase 34:41 a Flavone Synthase II 24:44 a Flavone Synthase II That Channels Flavanones to the Biosynthesis of Tricin O-Linked Conjugates in Rice 24:127 Cytochrome P450 93G1 Is a Flavone Synthase II That Channels Flavanones to the Biosynthesis of Tricin O-Linked Conjugates in Rice. 24843076 8 99 theme enzyme 1058:1063 arg1 assays 1065:1070 recombinant enzyme assays 1046:1070 recombinant enzyme assays 1046:1070 In recombinant enzyme assays, CYP93G1 desaturated naringenin and eriodictyol to apigenin and luteolin, respectively. 24843076 12 100 from rice 1760:1763 arg1 biosynthesis 1714:1725 the biosynthesis 1710:1725 the biosynthesis of tricin O-linked conjugates in rice 1710:1763 Our findings established that CYP93G1 is a key branch point enzyme channeling flavanones to the biosynthesis of tricin O-linked conjugates in rice. 24843076 10 101 theme flavanolignans 1486:1499 arg1 depletion 1457:1465 the preferential depletion 1440:1465 the preferential depletion of tricin O-linked flavanolignans and glycosides 1440:1514 Metabolite analysis of a rice CYP93G1 insertion mutant further demonstrated the preferential depletion of tricin O-linked flavanolignans and glycosides. 24843076 6 102 theme O-linked 764:771 arg1 modifications 773:785 O-linked modifications 764:785 O-linked modifications 764:785 On the other hand, O-linked modifications were proposed to proceed after the flavone nucleus is generated. 24843076 9 103 theme cruciferous 1344:1354 arg1 plants 1356:1361 cruciferous plants 1344:1361 cruciferous plants 1344:1361 Consistently, transgenic expression of CYP93G1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in the accumulation of different flavone O-glycosides, which are not naturally present in cruciferous plants. 24843076 5 104 theme 2-hydroxyflavanone 712:729 arg1 C-glycosides 731:742 2-hydroxyflavanone C-glycosides 712:742 2-hydroxyflavanone C-glycosides 712:742 Flavone C-glycosides are subsequently formed by dehydratase activity on 2-hydroxyflavanone C-glycosides. 24843076 11 105 theme C-glycosides 1591:1602 arg1 biosynthesis 1567:1578 the biosynthesis 1563:1578 the biosynthesis of flavone C-glycosides 1563:1602 By contrast, redirection of metabolic flow to the biosynthesis of flavone C-glycosides was observed. 24843076 7 106 theme closest 900:906 arg1 CYP93G1 887:893 CYP93G1 887:893 CYP93G1 887:893 In this study, we demonstrate that CYP93G1, the closest homolog of CYP93G2 in rice, is a bona fide flavone synthase II (FNSII) that catalyzes the direct conversion of flavanones to flavones. 24843076 7 106 theme closest 900:906 arg1 homolog 908:914 the closest homolog 896:914 the closest homolog of CYP93G2 in rice 896:933 In this study, we demonstrate that CYP93G1, the closest homolog of CYP93G2 in rice, is a bona fide flavone synthase II (FNSII) that catalyzes the direct conversion of flavanones to flavones. 24843076 2 107 theme vegetative 306:315 arg1 tissues 317:323 vegetative tissues 306:323 vegetative tissues of grasses 306:334 They are constitutively accumulated as C-glycosides and O-linked conjugates in vegetative tissues of grasses. 24843076 1 108 theme physiological 192:204 arg1 functions 206:214 physiological functions 192:214 physiological functions in plants 192:224 Flavones are a major class of flavonoids with a wide range of physiological functions in plants. 24843076 13 109 theme CYP93G 1833:1838 arg1 subfamily 1840:1848 the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily 1813:1848 the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily 1813:1848 Functional diversification of F2H and FNSII in the cytochrome P450 CYP93G subfamily may represent a lineage-specific event leading to the prevalent cooccurrence of flavone C- and O-linked derivatives in grasses today. 26140384 1 0 theme hydrophobic 265:275 arg1 effect 277:282 the hydrophobic effect 261:282 the hydrophobic effect 261:282 Self-assembly of macromolecules is fundamental to life itself, and historically, these systems have been primitively mimicked by the development of amphiphilic systems, driven by the hydrophobic effect. 26140384 3 1 theme ethylene 498:505 arg1 poly 493:496 poly 493:496 poly(ethylene oxide) 493:512 We have synthesized double hydrophilic block copolymers from polysaccharides and poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(sarcosine) to yield high molar mass diblock copolymers through oxime chemistry. 26140384 3 1 theme ethylene 498:505 arg1 oxide 507:511 ethylene oxide 498:511 ethylene oxide 498:511 We have synthesized double hydrophilic block copolymers from polysaccharides and poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(sarcosine) to yield high molar mass diblock copolymers through oxime chemistry. 26140384 4 2 dep microsized 679:688 arg1 >5 μm 691:695 >5 μm 691:695 >5 μm 691:695 These hydrophilic materials can easily assemble into nanosized (<500 nm) and microsized (>5 μm) polymeric vesicles depending on concentration and diblock composition. 26140384 3 3 theme hydrophilic 439:449 arg1 copolymers 457:466 double hydrophilic block copolymers 432:466 double hydrophilic block copolymers from polysaccharides and poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(sarcosine) 432:531 We have synthesized double hydrophilic block copolymers from polysaccharides and poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(sarcosine) to yield high molar mass diblock copolymers through oxime chemistry. 26140384 3 4 from poly 493:496 arg1 copolymers 457:466 double hydrophilic block copolymers 432:466 double hydrophilic block copolymers from polysaccharides and poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(sarcosine) 432:531 We have synthesized double hydrophilic block copolymers from polysaccharides and poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(sarcosine) to yield high molar mass diblock copolymers through oxime chemistry. 26140384 3 5 theme block 451:455 arg1 copolymers 457:466 double hydrophilic block copolymers 432:466 double hydrophilic block copolymers from polysaccharides and poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(sarcosine) 432:531 We have synthesized double hydrophilic block copolymers from polysaccharides and poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(sarcosine) to yield high molar mass diblock copolymers through oxime chemistry. 26140384 3 6 theme mass 553:556 arg1 copolymers 566:575 high molar mass diblock copolymers 542:575 high molar mass diblock copolymers 542:575 We have synthesized double hydrophilic block copolymers from polysaccharides and poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(sarcosine) to yield high molar mass diblock copolymers through oxime chemistry. 26140384 2 7 theme similar 386:392 arg1 ease 394:397 similar ease 386:397 similar ease 386:397 Herein, we demonstrate that self-assembly of purely hydrophilic systems can be readily achieved with similar ease and success. 26140384 0 8 theme Aqueous 0:6 arg1 Self-Assembly 8:20 Aqueous Self-Assembly 0:20 Aqueous Self-Assembly of Purely Hydrophilic Block Copolymers into Giant Vesicles 0:79 Aqueous Self-Assembly of Purely Hydrophilic Block Copolymers into Giant Vesicles. 26140384 1 9 theme macromolecules 99:112 arg1 Self-assembly 82:94 Self-assembly 82:94 Self-assembly of macromolecules 82:112 Self-assembly of macromolecules is fundamental to life itself, and historically, these systems have been primitively mimicked by the development of amphiphilic systems, driven by the hydrophobic effect. 26140384 3 10 theme double 432:437 arg1 copolymers 457:466 double hydrophilic block copolymers 432:466 double hydrophilic block copolymers from polysaccharides and poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(sarcosine) 432:531 We have synthesized double hydrophilic block copolymers from polysaccharides and poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(sarcosine) to yield high molar mass diblock copolymers through oxime chemistry. 26140384 5 11 theme materials 819:827 arg1 nature 803:808 the solely hydrophilic nature 780:808 the solely hydrophilic nature of these materials 780:827 Because of the solely hydrophilic nature of these materials, we expect them to be extraordinarily water permeable systems that would be well suited for use as cellular mimics. 26140384 3 12 theme high 542:545 arg1 mass 553:556 high molar mass 542:556 high molar mass diblock copolymers 542:575 We have synthesized double hydrophilic block copolymers from polysaccharides and poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(sarcosine) to yield high molar mass diblock copolymers through oxime chemistry. 26140384 3 13 theme diblock 558:564 arg1 copolymers 566:575 high molar mass diblock copolymers 542:575 high molar mass diblock copolymers 542:575 We have synthesized double hydrophilic block copolymers from polysaccharides and poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(sarcosine) to yield high molar mass diblock copolymers through oxime chemistry. 26140384 5 14 theme cellular 928:935 arg1 mimics 937:942 cellular mimics 928:942 cellular mimics 928:942 Because of the solely hydrophilic nature of these materials, we expect them to be extraordinarily water permeable systems that would be well suited for use as cellular mimics. 26140384 3 15 theme molar 547:551 arg1 mass 553:556 high molar mass 542:556 high molar mass diblock copolymers 542:575 We have synthesized double hydrophilic block copolymers from polysaccharides and poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(sarcosine) to yield high molar mass diblock copolymers through oxime chemistry. 26140384 0 16 theme Block 44:48 arg1 Copolymers 50:59 Purely Hydrophilic Block Copolymers 25:59 Purely Hydrophilic Block Copolymers 25:59 Aqueous Self-Assembly of Purely Hydrophilic Block Copolymers into Giant Vesicles. 26140384 3 17 theme oxime 585:589 arg1 chemistry 591:599 oxime chemistry 585:599 oxime chemistry 585:599 We have synthesized double hydrophilic block copolymers from polysaccharides and poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(sarcosine) to yield high molar mass diblock copolymers through oxime chemistry. 26140384 5 18 theme permeable 873:881 arg1 systems 883:889 water permeable systems 867:889 water permeable systems that would be well suited for use as cellular mimics 867:942 Because of the solely hydrophilic nature of these materials, we expect them to be extraordinarily water permeable systems that would be well suited for use as cellular mimics. 26140384 0 19 theme Hydrophilic 32:42 arg1 Copolymers 50:59 Purely Hydrophilic Block Copolymers 25:59 Purely Hydrophilic Block Copolymers 25:59 Aqueous Self-Assembly of Purely Hydrophilic Block Copolymers into Giant Vesicles. 26140384 5 20 theme hydrophilic 791:801 arg1 nature 803:808 the solely hydrophilic nature 780:808 the solely hydrophilic nature of these materials 780:827 Because of the solely hydrophilic nature of these materials, we expect them to be extraordinarily water permeable systems that would be well suited for use as cellular mimics. 26140384 2 21 theme systems 349:355 arg1 self-assembly 313:325 self-assembly 313:325 self-assembly of purely hydrophilic systems 313:355 Herein, we demonstrate that self-assembly of purely hydrophilic systems can be readily achieved with similar ease and success. 26140384 0 22 theme Copolymers 50:59 arg1 Self-Assembly 8:20 Aqueous Self-Assembly 0:20 Aqueous Self-Assembly of Purely Hydrophilic Block Copolymers into Giant Vesicles 0:79 Aqueous Self-Assembly of Purely Hydrophilic Block Copolymers into Giant Vesicles. 26140384 3 23 from polysaccharides 473:487 arg1 copolymers 457:466 double hydrophilic block copolymers 432:466 double hydrophilic block copolymers from polysaccharides and poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(sarcosine) 432:531 We have synthesized double hydrophilic block copolymers from polysaccharides and poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(sarcosine) to yield high molar mass diblock copolymers through oxime chemistry. 26140384 2 24 theme hydrophilic 337:347 arg1 systems 349:355 purely hydrophilic systems 330:355 purely hydrophilic systems 330:355 Herein, we demonstrate that self-assembly of purely hydrophilic systems can be readily achieved with similar ease and success. 26140384 4 25 theme polymeric 698:706 arg1 vesicles 708:715 nanosized (<500 nm) and microsized (>5 μm) polymeric vesicles 655:715 nanosized (<500 nm) and microsized (>5 μm) polymeric vesicles 655:715 These hydrophilic materials can easily assemble into nanosized (<500 nm) and microsized (>5 μm) polymeric vesicles depending on concentration and diblock composition. 26140384 4 26 theme diblock 748:754 arg1 composition 756:766 diblock composition 748:766 diblock composition 748:766 These hydrophilic materials can easily assemble into nanosized (<500 nm) and microsized (>5 μm) polymeric vesicles depending on concentration and diblock composition. 26140384 1 27 theme amphiphilic 230:240 arg1 systems 242:248 amphiphilic systems 230:248 amphiphilic systems 230:248 Self-assembly of macromolecules is fundamental to life itself, and historically, these systems have been primitively mimicked by the development of amphiphilic systems, driven by the hydrophobic effect. 26140384 1 28 dep mimicked 199:206 arg1 driven 251:256 driven 251:256 driven by the hydrophobic effect 251:282 Self-assembly of macromolecules is fundamental to life itself, and historically, these systems have been primitively mimicked by the development of amphiphilic systems, driven by the hydrophobic effect. 26140384 4 29 theme microsized 679:688 arg1 vesicles 708:715 nanosized (<500 nm) and microsized (>5 μm) polymeric vesicles 655:715 nanosized (<500 nm) and microsized (>5 μm) polymeric vesicles 655:715 These hydrophilic materials can easily assemble into nanosized (<500 nm) and microsized (>5 μm) polymeric vesicles depending on concentration and diblock composition. 26140384 4 30 theme nanosized 655:663 arg1 vesicles 708:715 nanosized (<500 nm) and microsized (>5 μm) polymeric vesicles 655:715 nanosized (<500 nm) and microsized (>5 μm) polymeric vesicles 655:715 These hydrophilic materials can easily assemble into nanosized (<500 nm) and microsized (>5 μm) polymeric vesicles depending on concentration and diblock composition. 26140384 1 31 theme systems 242:248 arg1 development 215:225 the development 211:225 the development of amphiphilic systems 211:248 Self-assembly of macromolecules is fundamental to life itself, and historically, these systems have been primitively mimicked by the development of amphiphilic systems, driven by the hydrophobic effect. 26140384 0 32 theme Giant 66:70 arg1 Vesicles 72:79 Giant Vesicles 66:79 Giant Vesicles 66:79 Aqueous Self-Assembly of Purely Hydrophilic Block Copolymers into Giant Vesicles. 26140384 4 33 dep nanosized 655:663 arg1 <500 nm 666:672 <500 nm 666:672 <500 nm 666:672 These hydrophilic materials can easily assemble into nanosized (<500 nm) and microsized (>5 μm) polymeric vesicles depending on concentration and diblock composition. 26140384 4 34 theme hydrophilic 608:618 arg1 materials 620:628 These hydrophilic materials 602:628 These hydrophilic materials 602:628 These hydrophilic materials can easily assemble into nanosized (<500 nm) and microsized (>5 μm) polymeric vesicles depending on concentration and diblock composition. 27562176 0 0 theme protein 71:77 arg1 glycosylation 79:91 Extensive O-linked protein glycosylation 52:91 Extensive O-linked protein glycosylation 52:91 A novel mass spectrometric strategy "BEMAP" reveals Extensive O-linked protein glycosylation in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. 27562176 5 1 theme glycan 780:785 arg1 modifications 787:799 O-linked glycan modifications 771:799 O-linked glycan modifications in a complex biological sample 771:830 This strategy allows site-specific mass-spectrometric identification of proteins with O-linked glycan modifications in a complex biological sample. 27562176 7 2 theme coli 1137:1140 arg1 K-12 1142:1145 E. coli K-12 1134:1145 E. coli K-12 1134:1145 We identified 618 glycosylated Serine and Threonine residues mapping to 140 proteins in ETEC, including several known virulence factors, and 34 in E. coli K-12. 27562176 7 3 theme Serine 1018:1023 arg1 residues 1039:1046 618 glycosylated Serine and Threonine residues 1001:1046 618 glycosylated Serine and Threonine residues mapping to 140 proteins in ETEC, including several known virulence factors, 1001:1122 We identified 618 glycosylated Serine and Threonine residues mapping to 140 proteins in ETEC, including several known virulence factors, and 34 in E. coli K-12. 27562176 0 4 theme O-linked 62:69 arg1 glycosylation 79:91 Extensive O-linked protein glycosylation 52:91 Extensive O-linked protein glycosylation 52:91 A novel mass spectrometric strategy "BEMAP" reveals Extensive O-linked protein glycosylation in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. 27562176 1 5 attach attachment 134:143 arg2 sugars 148:153 sugars 148:153 sugars 148:153 The attachment of sugars to proteins via side-chain oxygen atoms (O-linked glycosylation) is seen in all three domains of life. 27562176 1 5 attach attachment 134:143 arg1 proteins 158:165 proteins 158:165 proteins via side-chain oxygen atoms (O-linked glycosylation) 158:218 The attachment of sugars to proteins via side-chain oxygen atoms (O-linked glycosylation) is seen in all three domains of life. 27562176 10 6 theme bacterial 1346:1354 arg1 glycosylation 1365:1377 bacterial O-linked glycosylation 1346:1377 bacterial O-linked glycosylation 1346:1377 Therefore, bacterial O-linked glycosylation is much more extensive than previously thought, and is especially important to the pathogen. 27562176 7 7 theme E. 1134:1135 arg1 K-12 1142:1145 E. coli K-12 1134:1145 E. coli K-12 1134:1145 We identified 618 glycosylated Serine and Threonine residues mapping to 140 proteins in ETEC, including several known virulence factors, and 34 in E. coli K-12. 27562176 5 8 theme mass-spectrometric 720:737 arg1 identification 739:752 site-specific mass-spectrometric identification 706:752 site-specific mass-spectrometric identification of proteins with O-linked glycan modifications in a complex biological sample 706:830 This strategy allows site-specific mass-spectrometric identification of proteins with O-linked glycan modifications in a complex biological sample. 27562176 4 9 theme glycoproteomics 479:493 arg1 technique 495:503 a glycoproteomics technique 477:503 a glycoproteomics technique 477:503 Here we present a glycoproteomics technique, termed BEMAP, which is based on the beta-elimination of O-linked glycans followed by Michael-addition of a phosphonic acid derivative, and subsequent titanium dioxide enrichment. 27562176 4 10 theme O-linked 562:569 arg1 glycans 571:577 O-linked glycans 562:577 O-linked glycans 562:577 Here we present a glycoproteomics technique, termed BEMAP, which is based on the beta-elimination of O-linked glycans followed by Michael-addition of a phosphonic acid derivative, and subsequent titanium dioxide enrichment. 27562176 2 11 theme analytical 295:304 arg1 tools 306:310 widely-applicable analytical tools 277:310 widely-applicable analytical tools 277:310 However, a lack of widely-applicable analytical tools has restricted the study of this process, particularly in bacteria. 27562176 1 12 link O-linked 196:203 arg1 atoms 189:193 side-chain oxygen atoms 171:193 side-chain oxygen atoms (O-linked glycosylation) 171:218 The attachment of sugars to proteins via side-chain oxygen atoms (O-linked glycosylation) is seen in all three domains of life. 27562176 1 12 link O-linked 196:203 arg1 glycosylation 205:217 O-linked glycosylation 196:217 O-linked glycosylation 196:217 The attachment of sugars to proteins via side-chain oxygen atoms (O-linked glycosylation) is seen in all three domains of life. 27562176 1 13 theme life 252:255 arg1 domains 241:247 all three domains 231:247 all three domains of life 231:255 The attachment of sugars to proteins via side-chain oxygen atoms (O-linked glycosylation) is seen in all three domains of life. 27562176 1 13 theme life 252:255 arg1 life 252:255 life 252:255 life 252:255 The attachment of sugars to proteins via side-chain oxygen atoms (O-linked glycosylation) is seen in all three domains of life. 27562176 6 14 from coli 942:945 arg1 surface-associated 864:881 surface-associated 864:881 surface-associated 864:881 Using BEMAP we identified cell surface-associated and membrane vesicle glycoproteins from Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and non-pathogenic E. coli K-12. 27562176 8 15 contain had 1164:1166 arg2 glycoproteins 1171:1183 32 glycoproteins 1168:1183 32 glycoproteins 1168:1183 The two strains had 32 glycoproteins in common. 27562176 8 15 contain had 1164:1166 arg1 strains 1156:1162 The two strains 1148:1162 The two strains 1148:1162 The two strains had 32 glycoproteins in common. 27562176 4 16 theme subsequent 645:654 arg1 dioxide 665:671 subsequent titanium dioxide 645:671 subsequent titanium dioxide 645:671 Here we present a glycoproteomics technique, termed BEMAP, which is based on the beta-elimination of O-linked glycans followed by Michael-addition of a phosphonic acid derivative, and subsequent titanium dioxide enrichment. 27562176 9 17 gly glycoproteins 1233:1245 arg1 glycoproteins 1233:1245 the ETEC glycoproteins 1224:1245 the ETEC glycoproteins 1224:1245 Remarkably, the majority of the ETEC glycoproteins were conserved in both strains but nevertheless were only glycosylated in the pathogen. 27562176 5 18 theme proteins 757:764 arg1 identification 739:752 site-specific mass-spectrometric identification 706:752 site-specific mass-spectrometric identification of proteins with O-linked glycan modifications in a complex biological sample 706:830 This strategy allows site-specific mass-spectrometric identification of proteins with O-linked glycan modifications in a complex biological sample. 27562176 1 19 theme side-chain 171:180 arg1 atoms 189:193 side-chain oxygen atoms 171:193 side-chain oxygen atoms (O-linked glycosylation) 171:218 The attachment of sugars to proteins via side-chain oxygen atoms (O-linked glycosylation) is seen in all three domains of life. 27562176 1 19 theme side-chain 171:180 arg1 glycosylation 205:217 O-linked glycosylation 196:217 O-linked glycosylation 196:217 The attachment of sugars to proteins via side-chain oxygen atoms (O-linked glycosylation) is seen in all three domains of life. 27562176 0 20 theme novel 2:6 arg1 strategy 27:34 A novel mass spectrometric strategy 0:34 A novel mass spectrometric strategy "BEMAP" 0:42 A novel mass spectrometric strategy "BEMAP" reveals Extensive O-linked protein glycosylation in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. 27562176 4 21 theme derivative 629:638 arg1 Michael-addition 591:606 Michael-addition 591:606 Michael-addition of a phosphonic acid derivative 591:638 Here we present a glycoproteomics technique, termed BEMAP, which is based on the beta-elimination of O-linked glycans followed by Michael-addition of a phosphonic acid derivative, and subsequent titanium dioxide enrichment. 27562176 0 22 gly glycosylation 79:91 arg1 coli 124:127 Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli 96:127 Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli 96:127 A novel mass spectrometric strategy "BEMAP" reveals Extensive O-linked protein glycosylation in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. 27562176 1 23 theme oxygen 182:187 arg1 atoms 189:193 side-chain oxygen atoms 171:193 side-chain oxygen atoms (O-linked glycosylation) 171:218 The attachment of sugars to proteins via side-chain oxygen atoms (O-linked glycosylation) is seen in all three domains of life. 27562176 1 23 theme oxygen 182:187 arg1 glycosylation 205:217 O-linked glycosylation 196:217 O-linked glycosylation 196:217 The attachment of sugars to proteins via side-chain oxygen atoms (O-linked glycosylation) is seen in all three domains of life. 27562176 6 24 dep identified 848:857 arg1 Using 833:837 Using 833:837 Using BEMAP 833:843 Using BEMAP we identified cell surface-associated and membrane vesicle glycoproteins from Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and non-pathogenic E. coli K-12. 27562176 3 25 link O-linked 402:409 arg1 glycoproteins 411:423 only four O-linked glycoproteins 392:423 only four O-linked glycoproteins 392:423 In E. coli, only four O-linked glycoproteins have previously been characterized. 27562176 2 26 theme widely-applicable 277:293 arg1 tools 306:310 widely-applicable analytical tools 277:310 widely-applicable analytical tools 277:310 However, a lack of widely-applicable analytical tools has restricted the study of this process, particularly in bacteria. 27562176 9 27 theme glycoproteins 1233:1245 arg1 majority 1212:1219 the majority 1208:1219 the majority of the ETEC glycoproteins 1208:1245 Remarkably, the majority of the ETEC glycoproteins were conserved in both strains but nevertheless were only glycosylated in the pathogen. 27562176 7 28 theme known 1099:1103 arg1 factors 1115:1121 several known virulence factors 1091:1121 several known virulence factors 1091:1121 We identified 618 glycosylated Serine and Threonine residues mapping to 140 proteins in ETEC, including several known virulence factors, and 34 in E. coli K-12. 27562176 5 29 theme complex 806:812 arg1 sample 825:830 a complex biological sample 804:830 a complex biological sample 804:830 This strategy allows site-specific mass-spectrometric identification of proteins with O-linked glycan modifications in a complex biological sample. 27562176 6 30 gly glycoproteins 904:916 arg1 glycoproteins 904:916 cell surface-associated and membrane vesicle glycoproteins 859:916 glycoproteins 904:916 Using BEMAP we identified cell surface-associated and membrane vesicle glycoproteins from Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and non-pathogenic E. coli K-12. 27562176 7 31 theme virulence 1105:1113 arg1 factors 1115:1121 several known virulence factors 1091:1121 several known virulence factors 1091:1121 We identified 618 glycosylated Serine and Threonine residues mapping to 140 proteins in ETEC, including several known virulence factors, and 34 in E. coli K-12. 27562176 9 32 theme ETEC 1228:1231 arg1 glycoproteins 1233:1245 the ETEC glycoproteins 1224:1245 the ETEC glycoproteins 1224:1245 Remarkably, the majority of the ETEC glycoproteins were conserved in both strains but nevertheless were only glycosylated in the pathogen. 27562176 5 33 link O-linked 771:778 arg1 modifications 787:799 O-linked glycan modifications 771:799 O-linked glycan modifications in a complex biological sample 771:830 This strategy allows site-specific mass-spectrometric identification of proteins with O-linked glycan modifications in a complex biological sample. 27562176 1 34 theme O-linked 196:203 arg1 atoms 189:193 side-chain oxygen atoms 171:193 side-chain oxygen atoms (O-linked glycosylation) 171:218 The attachment of sugars to proteins via side-chain oxygen atoms (O-linked glycosylation) is seen in all three domains of life. 27562176 1 34 theme O-linked 196:203 arg1 glycosylation 205:217 O-linked glycosylation 196:217 O-linked glycosylation 196:217 The attachment of sugars to proteins via side-chain oxygen atoms (O-linked glycosylation) is seen in all three domains of life. 27562176 7 35 gly glycosylated 1005:1016 arg1 residues 1039:1046 618 glycosylated Serine and Threonine residues 1001:1046 618 glycosylated Serine and Threonine residues mapping to 140 proteins in ETEC, including several known virulence factors, 1001:1122 We identified 618 glycosylated Serine and Threonine residues mapping to 140 proteins in ETEC, including several known virulence factors, and 34 in E. coli K-12. 27562176 6 36 theme vesicle 896:902 arg1 glycoproteins 904:916 cell surface-associated and membrane vesicle glycoproteins 859:916 glycoproteins 904:916 Using BEMAP we identified cell surface-associated and membrane vesicle glycoproteins from Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and non-pathogenic E. coli K-12. 27562176 4 37 theme acid 624:627 arg1 derivative 629:638 a phosphonic acid derivative 611:638 a phosphonic acid derivative 611:638 Here we present a glycoproteomics technique, termed BEMAP, which is based on the beta-elimination of O-linked glycans followed by Michael-addition of a phosphonic acid derivative, and subsequent titanium dioxide enrichment. 27562176 10 38 link O-linked 1356:1363 arg1 glycosylation 1365:1377 bacterial O-linked glycosylation 1346:1377 bacterial O-linked glycosylation 1346:1377 Therefore, bacterial O-linked glycosylation is much more extensive than previously thought, and is especially important to the pathogen. 27562176 5 39 theme site-specific 706:718 arg1 identification 739:752 site-specific mass-spectrometric identification 706:752 site-specific mass-spectrometric identification of proteins with O-linked glycan modifications in a complex biological sample 706:830 This strategy allows site-specific mass-spectrometric identification of proteins with O-linked glycan modifications in a complex biological sample. 27562176 4 40 dep beta-elimination 542:557 arg1 enrichment 673:682 enrichment 673:682 enrichment 673:682 Here we present a glycoproteomics technique, termed BEMAP, which is based on the beta-elimination of O-linked glycans followed by Michael-addition of a phosphonic acid derivative, and subsequent titanium dioxide enrichment. 27562176 5 41 with proteins 757:764 arg1 modifications 787:799 O-linked glycan modifications 771:799 O-linked glycan modifications in a complex biological sample 771:830 This strategy allows site-specific mass-spectrometric identification of proteins with O-linked glycan modifications in a complex biological sample. 27562176 10 42 theme O-linked 1356:1363 arg1 glycosylation 1365:1377 bacterial O-linked glycosylation 1346:1377 bacterial O-linked glycosylation 1346:1377 Therefore, bacterial O-linked glycosylation is much more extensive than previously thought, and is especially important to the pathogen. 27562176 4 43 theme phosphonic 613:622 arg1 derivative 629:638 a phosphonic acid derivative 611:638 a phosphonic acid derivative 611:638 Here we present a glycoproteomics technique, termed BEMAP, which is based on the beta-elimination of O-linked glycans followed by Michael-addition of a phosphonic acid derivative, and subsequent titanium dioxide enrichment. 27562176 0 44 theme " 42:42 arg1 strategy 27:34 A novel mass spectrometric strategy 0:34 A novel mass spectrometric strategy "BEMAP" 0:42 A novel mass spectrometric strategy "BEMAP" reveals Extensive O-linked protein glycosylation in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. 27562176 6 45 theme coli 976:979 arg1 K-12 981:984 non-pathogenic E. coli K-12 958:984 non-pathogenic E. coli K-12 958:984 Using BEMAP we identified cell surface-associated and membrane vesicle glycoproteins from Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and non-pathogenic E. coli K-12. 27562176 0 46 link O-linked 62:69 arg1 glycosylation 79:91 Extensive O-linked protein glycosylation 52:91 Extensive O-linked protein glycosylation 52:91 A novel mass spectrometric strategy "BEMAP" reveals Extensive O-linked protein glycosylation in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. 27562176 7 47 theme several 1091:1097 arg1 factors 1115:1121 several known virulence factors 1091:1121 several known virulence factors 1091:1121 We identified 618 glycosylated Serine and Threonine residues mapping to 140 proteins in ETEC, including several known virulence factors, and 34 in E. coli K-12. 27562176 5 48 theme biological 814:823 arg1 sample 825:830 a complex biological sample 804:830 a complex biological sample 804:830 This strategy allows site-specific mass-spectrometric identification of proteins with O-linked glycan modifications in a complex biological sample. 27562176 6 49 theme E. 973:974 arg1 K-12 981:984 non-pathogenic E. coli K-12 958:984 non-pathogenic E. coli K-12 958:984 Using BEMAP we identified cell surface-associated and membrane vesicle glycoproteins from Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and non-pathogenic E. coli K-12. 27562176 4 50 link O-linked 562:569 arg1 glycans 571:577 O-linked glycans 562:577 O-linked glycans 562:577 Here we present a glycoproteomics technique, termed BEMAP, which is based on the beta-elimination of O-linked glycans followed by Michael-addition of a phosphonic acid derivative, and subsequent titanium dioxide enrichment. 27562176 3 51 gly glycoproteins 411:423 arg1 glycoproteins 411:423 only four O-linked glycoproteins 392:423 only four O-linked glycoproteins 392:423 In E. coli, only four O-linked glycoproteins have previously been characterized. 27562176 6 52 theme membrane 887:894 arg1 glycoproteins 904:916 cell surface-associated and membrane vesicle glycoproteins 859:916 glycoproteins 904:916 Using BEMAP we identified cell surface-associated and membrane vesicle glycoproteins from Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and non-pathogenic E. coli K-12. 27562176 6 53 theme non-pathogenic 958:971 arg1 K-12 981:984 non-pathogenic E. coli K-12 958:984 non-pathogenic E. coli K-12 958:984 Using BEMAP we identified cell surface-associated and membrane vesicle glycoproteins from Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and non-pathogenic E. coli K-12. 27562176 6 54 from K-12 981:984 arg1 surface-associated 864:881 surface-associated 864:881 surface-associated 864:881 Using BEMAP we identified cell surface-associated and membrane vesicle glycoproteins from Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and non-pathogenic E. coli K-12. 27562176 5 55 from modifications 787:799 arg1 sample 825:830 a complex biological sample 804:830 a complex biological sample 804:830 This strategy allows site-specific mass-spectrometric identification of proteins with O-linked glycan modifications in a complex biological sample. 27562176 4 56 theme titanium 656:663 arg1 dioxide 665:671 subsequent titanium dioxide 645:671 subsequent titanium dioxide 645:671 Here we present a glycoproteomics technique, termed BEMAP, which is based on the beta-elimination of O-linked glycans followed by Michael-addition of a phosphonic acid derivative, and subsequent titanium dioxide enrichment. 27562176 9 57 gly glycosylated 1305:1316 arg1 majority 1212:1219 the majority 1208:1219 the majority of the ETEC glycoproteins 1208:1245 Remarkably, the majority of the ETEC glycoproteins were conserved in both strains but nevertheless were only glycosylated in the pathogen. 27562176 9 57 gly glycosylated 1305:1316 arg2 majority 1212:1219 the majority 1208:1219 the majority of the ETEC glycoproteins 1208:1245 Remarkably, the majority of the ETEC glycoproteins were conserved in both strains but nevertheless were only glycosylated in the pathogen. 27562176 9 57 gly glycosylated 1305:1316 arg1 pathogen 1325:1332 the pathogen 1321:1332 the pathogen 1321:1332 Remarkably, the majority of the ETEC glycoproteins were conserved in both strains but nevertheless were only glycosylated in the pathogen. 27562176 8 58 gly glycoproteins 1171:1183 arg1 glycoproteins 1171:1183 32 glycoproteins 1168:1183 32 glycoproteins 1168:1183 The two strains had 32 glycoproteins in common. 27562176 7 59 from proteins 1063:1070 arg1 ETEC 1075:1078 ETEC 1075:1078 ETEC 1075:1078 We identified 618 glycosylated Serine and Threonine residues mapping to 140 proteins in ETEC, including several known virulence factors, and 34 in E. coli K-12. 27562176 2 60 theme tools 306:310 arg1 lack 269:272 a lack 267:272 a lack of widely-applicable analytical tools 267:310 However, a lack of widely-applicable analytical tools has restricted the study of this process, particularly in bacteria. 27562176 4 61 theme glycans 571:577 arg1 beta-elimination 542:557 the beta-elimination 538:557 the beta-elimination of O-linked glycans followed by Michael-addition of a phosphonic acid derivative 538:638 Here we present a glycoproteomics technique, termed BEMAP, which is based on the beta-elimination of O-linked glycans followed by Michael-addition of a phosphonic acid derivative, and subsequent titanium dioxide enrichment. 27562176 4 61 theme glycans 571:577 arg1 dioxide 665:671 subsequent titanium dioxide 645:671 subsequent titanium dioxide 645:671 Here we present a glycoproteomics technique, termed BEMAP, which is based on the beta-elimination of O-linked glycans followed by Michael-addition of a phosphonic acid derivative, and subsequent titanium dioxide enrichment. 27562176 0 62 theme Extensive 52:60 arg1 glycosylation 79:91 Extensive O-linked protein glycosylation 52:91 Extensive O-linked protein glycosylation 52:91 A novel mass spectrometric strategy "BEMAP" reveals Extensive O-linked protein glycosylation in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. 27562176 0 63 dep novel 2:6 arg1 spectrometric 13:25 spectrometric 13:25 spectrometric 13:25 A novel mass spectrometric strategy "BEMAP" reveals Extensive O-linked protein glycosylation in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. 27562176 7 64 theme Threonine 1029:1037 arg1 residues 1039:1046 618 glycosylated Serine and Threonine residues 1001:1046 618 glycosylated Serine and Threonine residues mapping to 140 proteins in ETEC, including several known virulence factors, 1001:1122 We identified 618 glycosylated Serine and Threonine residues mapping to 140 proteins in ETEC, including several known virulence factors, and 34 in E. coli K-12. 27562176 2 65 theme process 345:351 arg1 study 331:335 the study 327:335 the study of this process 327:351 However, a lack of widely-applicable analytical tools has restricted the study of this process, particularly in bacteria. 27562176 3 66 theme O-linked 402:409 arg1 glycoproteins 411:423 only four O-linked glycoproteins 392:423 only four O-linked glycoproteins 392:423 In E. coli, only four O-linked glycoproteins have previously been characterized. 27562176 5 67 theme O-linked 771:778 arg1 modifications 787:799 O-linked glycan modifications 771:799 O-linked glycan modifications in a complex biological sample 771:830 This strategy allows site-specific mass-spectrometric identification of proteins with O-linked glycan modifications in a complex biological sample. 27562176 7 68 theme glycosylated 1005:1016 arg1 residues 1039:1046 618 glycosylated Serine and Threonine residues 1001:1046 618 glycosylated Serine and Threonine residues mapping to 140 proteins in ETEC, including several known virulence factors, 1001:1122 We identified 618 glycosylated Serine and Threonine residues mapping to 140 proteins in ETEC, including several known virulence factors, and 34 in E. coli K-12. 27562176 1 69 theme sugars 148:153 arg1 attachment 134:143 The attachment 130:143 The attachment of sugars to proteins via side-chain oxygen atoms (O-linked glycosylation) 130:218 The attachment of sugars to proteins via side-chain oxygen atoms (O-linked glycosylation) is seen in all three domains of life. 29289826 0 0 theme cancer 96:101 arg1 CYFRA21-1 113:121 non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1 76:121 non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1 76:121 A sandwich-type electrochemical immunoassay for ultrasensitive detection of non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1. 29289826 4 1 theme gold 850:853 arg1 AuNPs 870:874 AuNPs 870:874 AuNPs 870:874 To further amplify the electrochemical signal, the trace tag on the foundation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is coated with amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite through thionine linking, which provides more amino groups to capture more horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies (HPR-Ab2) and enhances the conductivity. 29289826 4 1 theme gold 850:853 arg1 nanoparticles 855:867 gold nanoparticles 850:867 gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) 850:875 To further amplify the electrochemical signal, the trace tag on the foundation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is coated with amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite through thionine linking, which provides more amino groups to capture more horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies (HPR-Ab2) and enhances the conductivity. 29289826 4 2 from tag 825:827 arg1 foundation 836:845 the foundation 832:845 the foundation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) 832:875 To further amplify the electrochemical signal, the trace tag on the foundation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is coated with amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite through thionine linking, which provides more amino groups to capture more horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies (HPR-Ab2) and enhances the conductivity. 29289826 2 3 theme sandwich-type 340:352 arg1 immunosensor 370:381 a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor 338:381 a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor based on signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites to test CYFRA21-1 selectively and sensitively 338:493 Herein, we report a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor based on signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites to test CYFRA21-1 selectively and sensitively. 29289826 4 4 theme horseradish 1030:1040 arg1 antibodies 1061:1070 more horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies 1025:1070 more horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies 1025:1070 To further amplify the electrochemical signal, the trace tag on the foundation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is coated with amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite through thionine linking, which provides more amino groups to capture more horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies (HPR-Ab2) and enhances the conductivity. 29289826 1 5 theme lung 259:262 arg1 cancer 264:269 non-small cell lung cancer 244:269 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) 244:277 Many studies confirm that the aberrant expression of Cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) is highly correlated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially for squamous cell carcinoma. 29289826 1 5 theme lung 259:262 arg1 NSCLC 272:276 NSCLC 272:276 NSCLC 272:276 Many studies confirm that the aberrant expression of Cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) is highly correlated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially for squamous cell carcinoma. 29289826 0 6 theme lung 91:94 arg1 CYFRA21-1 113:121 non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1 76:121 non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1 76:121 A sandwich-type electrochemical immunoassay for ultrasensitive detection of non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1. 29289826 6 7 from determination 1392:1404 arg1 samples 1442:1448 real clinical serum samples 1422:1448 real clinical serum samples 1422:1448 Furthermore, satisfactory results are obtained for the determination of CYFRA21-1 in real clinical serum samples, indicating the potential of the immunoassay to be applied in clinical analysis. 29289826 5 8 from 150ng·mL-1 1280:1289 arg1 range 1262:1266 a wide linear range 1248:1266 a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 1248:1289 Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor exhibits excellent analytical performance for the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1. 29289826 1 9 theme Cytokeratin 177:187 arg1 expression 163:172 the aberrant expression 150:172 the aberrant expression of Cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) 150:216 Many studies confirm that the aberrant expression of Cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) is highly correlated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially for squamous cell carcinoma. 29289826 0 10 theme CYFRA21-1 113:121 arg1 detection 63:71 ultrasensitive detection 48:71 ultrasensitive detection of non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1 48:121 A sandwich-type electrochemical immunoassay for ultrasensitive detection of non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1. 29289826 5 11 theme CYFRA21-1 1233:1241 arg1 LOD 1318:1320 LOD 1318:1320 LOD 1318:1320 Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor exhibits excellent analytical performance for the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1. 29289826 5 11 theme CYFRA21-1 1233:1241 arg1 determination 1216:1228 the determination 1212:1228 the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 1212:1289 Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor exhibits excellent analytical performance for the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1. 29289826 5 11 theme CYFRA21-1 1233:1241 arg1 limit 1311:1315 a low detection limit 1295:1315 a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1 1295:1334 Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor exhibits excellent analytical performance for the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1. 29289826 4 12 theme linking 972:978 arg1 thionine 963:970 thionine linking 963:978 thionine linking 963:978 To further amplify the electrochemical signal, the trace tag on the foundation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is coated with amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite through thionine linking, which provides more amino groups to capture more horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies (HPR-Ab2) and enhances the conductivity. 29289826 0 13 theme biomarker 103:111 arg1 CYFRA21-1 113:121 non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1 76:121 non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1 76:121 A sandwich-type electrochemical immunoassay for ultrasensitive detection of non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1. 29289826 4 14 theme nanoparticles 855:867 arg1 foundation 836:845 the foundation 832:845 the foundation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) 832:875 To further amplify the electrochemical signal, the trace tag on the foundation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is coated with amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite through thionine linking, which provides more amino groups to capture more horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies (HPR-Ab2) and enhances the conductivity. 29289826 3 15 theme three-dimensional 536:552 arg1 graphene 554:561 three-dimensional graphene 536:561 three-dimensional graphene (3D-G) 536:568 The proposed immunosensor fabricated by three-dimensional graphene (3D-G), chitosan (CS) and glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the glass carbon electrode (GCE) with a large surface area is prepared to immobilize primary antibodies (Ab1) and provide excellent conductivity. 29289826 3 15 theme three-dimensional 536:552 arg1 3D-G 564:567 3D-G 564:567 3D-G 564:567 The proposed immunosensor fabricated by three-dimensional graphene (3D-G), chitosan (CS) and glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the glass carbon electrode (GCE) with a large surface area is prepared to immobilize primary antibodies (Ab1) and provide excellent conductivity. 29289826 6 16 theme satisfactory 1350:1361 arg1 results 1363:1369 satisfactory results 1350:1369 satisfactory results 1350:1369 Furthermore, satisfactory results are obtained for the determination of CYFRA21-1 in real clinical serum samples, indicating the potential of the immunoassay to be applied in clinical analysis. 29289826 5 17 theme 43pg·mL-1 1326:1334 arg1 LOD 1318:1320 LOD 1318:1320 LOD 1318:1320 Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor exhibits excellent analytical performance for the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1. 29289826 5 17 theme 43pg·mL-1 1326:1334 arg1 determination 1216:1228 the determination 1212:1228 the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 1212:1289 Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor exhibits excellent analytical performance for the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1. 29289826 5 17 theme 43pg·mL-1 1326:1334 arg1 limit 1311:1315 a low detection limit 1295:1315 a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1 1295:1334 Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor exhibits excellent analytical performance for the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1. 29289826 2 18 theme amplification 399:411 arg1 strategy 413:420 signal amplification strategy 392:420 signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites 392:447 Herein, we report a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor based on signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites to test CYFRA21-1 selectively and sensitively. 29289826 4 19 dep capture 1017:1023 arg1 HPR-Ab2 1073:1079 HPR-Ab2 1073:1079 HPR-Ab2 1073:1079 To further amplify the electrochemical signal, the trace tag on the foundation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is coated with amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite through thionine linking, which provides more amino groups to capture more horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies (HPR-Ab2) and enhances the conductivity. 29289826 6 20 theme real 1422:1425 arg1 samples 1442:1448 real clinical serum samples 1422:1448 real clinical serum samples 1422:1448 Furthermore, satisfactory results are obtained for the determination of CYFRA21-1 in real clinical serum samples, indicating the potential of the immunoassay to be applied in clinical analysis. 29289826 1 21 theme fragment 192:199 arg1 21-1 201:204 fragment 21-1 192:204 Cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) 177:216 Many studies confirm that the aberrant expression of Cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) is highly correlated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially for squamous cell carcinoma. 29289826 1 21 theme fragment 192:199 arg1 CYFRA21-1 207:215 CYFRA21-1 207:215 CYFRA21-1 207:215 Many studies confirm that the aberrant expression of Cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) is highly correlated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially for squamous cell carcinoma. 29289826 0 22 theme sandwich-type 2:14 arg1 immunoassay 32:42 A sandwich-type electrochemical immunoassay 0:42 A sandwich-type electrochemical immunoassay for ultrasensitive detection of non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1. 0:122 A sandwich-type electrochemical immunoassay for ultrasensitive detection of non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1. 29289826 3 23 theme primary 707:713 arg1 Ab1 727:729 Ab1 727:729 Ab1 727:729 The proposed immunosensor fabricated by three-dimensional graphene (3D-G), chitosan (CS) and glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the glass carbon electrode (GCE) with a large surface area is prepared to immobilize primary antibodies (Ab1) and provide excellent conductivity. 29289826 3 23 theme primary 707:713 arg1 antibodies 715:724 primary antibodies 707:724 primary antibodies (Ab1) 707:730 The proposed immunosensor fabricated by three-dimensional graphene (3D-G), chitosan (CS) and glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the glass carbon electrode (GCE) with a large surface area is prepared to immobilize primary antibodies (Ab1) and provide excellent conductivity. 29289826 5 24 dep 150ng·mL-1 1280:1289 arg1 to 1277:1278 to 1277:1278 to 1277:1278 Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor exhibits excellent analytical performance for the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1. 29289826 4 25 theme MWCNT-NH2 930:938 arg1 nanocomposite 941:953 amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite 892:953 amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite 892:953 To further amplify the electrochemical signal, the trace tag on the foundation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is coated with amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite through thionine linking, which provides more amino groups to capture more horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies (HPR-Ab2) and enhances the conductivity. 29289826 6 26 theme CYFRA21-1 1409:1417 arg1 determination 1392:1404 the determination 1388:1404 the determination of CYFRA21-1 in real clinical serum samples 1388:1448 Furthermore, satisfactory results are obtained for the determination of CYFRA21-1 in real clinical serum samples, indicating the potential of the immunoassay to be applied in clinical analysis. 29289826 5 27 theme analytical 1185:1194 arg1 performance 1196:1206 excellent analytical performance 1175:1206 excellent analytical performance for the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1 1175:1334 Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor exhibits excellent analytical performance for the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1. 29289826 1 28 dep Cytokeratin 177:187 arg1 21-1 201:204 fragment 21-1 192:204 Cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) 177:216 Many studies confirm that the aberrant expression of Cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) is highly correlated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially for squamous cell carcinoma. 29289826 1 28 dep Cytokeratin 177:187 arg1 CYFRA21-1 207:215 CYFRA21-1 207:215 CYFRA21-1 207:215 Many studies confirm that the aberrant expression of Cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) is highly correlated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially for squamous cell carcinoma. 29289826 6 29 theme serum 1436:1440 arg1 samples 1442:1448 real clinical serum samples 1422:1448 real clinical serum samples 1422:1448 Furthermore, satisfactory results are obtained for the determination of CYFRA21-1 in real clinical serum samples, indicating the potential of the immunoassay to be applied in clinical analysis. 29289826 4 30 theme amino-functionalized 892:911 arg1 nanocomposite 941:953 amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite 892:953 amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite 892:953 To further amplify the electrochemical signal, the trace tag on the foundation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is coated with amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite through thionine linking, which provides more amino groups to capture more horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies (HPR-Ab2) and enhances the conductivity. 29289826 6 31 theme clinical 1512:1519 arg1 analysis 1521:1528 clinical analysis 1512:1528 clinical analysis 1512:1528 Furthermore, satisfactory results are obtained for the determination of CYFRA21-1 in real clinical serum samples, indicating the potential of the immunoassay to be applied in clinical analysis. 29289826 2 32 theme nanocomposites 434:447 arg1 strategy 413:420 signal amplification strategy 392:420 signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites 392:447 Herein, we report a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor based on signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites to test CYFRA21-1 selectively and sensitively. 29289826 0 33 theme electrochemical 16:30 arg1 immunoassay 32:42 A sandwich-type electrochemical immunoassay 0:42 A sandwich-type electrochemical immunoassay for ultrasensitive detection of non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1. 0:122 A sandwich-type electrochemical immunoassay for ultrasensitive detection of non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1. 29289826 1 34 theme Many 124:127 arg1 studies 129:135 Many studies 124:135 Many studies 124:135 Many studies confirm that the aberrant expression of Cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) is highly correlated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially for squamous cell carcinoma. 29289826 2 35 theme multiple 425:432 arg1 nanocomposites 434:447 multiple nanocomposites 425:447 multiple nanocomposites 425:447 Herein, we report a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor based on signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites to test CYFRA21-1 selectively and sensitively. 29289826 0 36 theme ultrasensitive 48:61 arg1 detection 63:71 ultrasensitive detection 48:71 ultrasensitive detection of non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1 48:121 A sandwich-type electrochemical immunoassay for ultrasensitive detection of non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1. 29289826 4 37 theme nanotube 920:927 arg1 nanocomposite 941:953 amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite 892:953 amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite 892:953 To further amplify the electrochemical signal, the trace tag on the foundation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is coated with amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite through thionine linking, which provides more amino groups to capture more horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies (HPR-Ab2) and enhances the conductivity. 29289826 5 38 theme detection 1301:1309 arg1 LOD 1318:1320 LOD 1318:1320 LOD 1318:1320 Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor exhibits excellent analytical performance for the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1. 29289826 5 38 theme detection 1301:1309 arg1 limit 1311:1315 a low detection limit 1295:1315 a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1 1295:1334 Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor exhibits excellent analytical performance for the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1. 29289826 1 39 theme squamous 295:302 arg1 carcinoma 309:317 squamous cell carcinoma 295:317 squamous cell carcinoma 295:317 Many studies confirm that the aberrant expression of Cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) is highly correlated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially for squamous cell carcinoma. 29289826 4 40 theme carbon 913:918 arg1 nanocomposite 941:953 amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite 892:953 amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite 892:953 To further amplify the electrochemical signal, the trace tag on the foundation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is coated with amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite through thionine linking, which provides more amino groups to capture more horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies (HPR-Ab2) and enhances the conductivity. 29289826 5 41 theme linear 1255:1260 arg1 range 1262:1266 a wide linear range 1248:1266 a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 1248:1289 Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor exhibits excellent analytical performance for the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1. 29289826 5 42 with CYFRA21-1 1233:1241 arg1 range 1262:1266 a wide linear range 1248:1266 a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 1248:1289 Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor exhibits excellent analytical performance for the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1. 29289826 4 43 theme amino 1001:1005 arg1 groups 1007:1012 more amino groups 996:1012 more amino groups 996:1012 To further amplify the electrochemical signal, the trace tag on the foundation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is coated with amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite through thionine linking, which provides more amino groups to capture more horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies (HPR-Ab2) and enhances the conductivity. 29289826 1 44 theme cell 304:307 arg1 carcinoma 309:317 squamous cell carcinoma 295:317 squamous cell carcinoma 295:317 Many studies confirm that the aberrant expression of Cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) is highly correlated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially for squamous cell carcinoma. 29289826 4 45 theme trace 819:823 arg1 tag 825:827 the trace tag 815:827 the trace tag on the foundation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) 815:875 To further amplify the electrochemical signal, the trace tag on the foundation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is coated with amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite through thionine linking, which provides more amino groups to capture more horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies (HPR-Ab2) and enhances the conductivity. 29289826 3 46 theme excellent 744:752 arg1 conductivity 754:765 excellent conductivity 744:765 excellent conductivity 744:765 The proposed immunosensor fabricated by three-dimensional graphene (3D-G), chitosan (CS) and glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the glass carbon electrode (GCE) with a large surface area is prepared to immobilize primary antibodies (Ab1) and provide excellent conductivity. 29289826 3 47 theme large 662:666 arg1 area 676:679 a large surface area 660:679 a large surface area 660:679 The proposed immunosensor fabricated by three-dimensional graphene (3D-G), chitosan (CS) and glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the glass carbon electrode (GCE) with a large surface area is prepared to immobilize primary antibodies (Ab1) and provide excellent conductivity. 29289826 6 48 theme immunoassay 1483:1493 arg1 potential 1466:1474 the potential 1462:1474 the potential of the immunoassay to be applied in clinical analysis 1462:1528 Furthermore, satisfactory results are obtained for the determination of CYFRA21-1 in real clinical serum samples, indicating the potential of the immunoassay to be applied in clinical analysis. 29289826 5 49 theme developed 1143:1151 arg1 immunosensor 1153:1164 the developed immunosensor 1139:1164 the developed immunosensor 1139:1164 Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor exhibits excellent analytical performance for the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1. 29289826 3 50 dep graphene 554:561 arg1 composite 609:617 composite 609:617 composite 609:617 The proposed immunosensor fabricated by three-dimensional graphene (3D-G), chitosan (CS) and glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the glass carbon electrode (GCE) with a large surface area is prepared to immobilize primary antibodies (Ab1) and provide excellent conductivity. 29289826 5 51 theme excellent 1175:1183 arg1 performance 1196:1206 excellent analytical performance 1175:1206 excellent analytical performance for the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1 1175:1334 Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor exhibits excellent analytical performance for the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1. 29289826 3 52 theme surface 668:674 arg1 area 676:679 a large surface area 660:679 a large surface area 660:679 The proposed immunosensor fabricated by three-dimensional graphene (3D-G), chitosan (CS) and glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the glass carbon electrode (GCE) with a large surface area is prepared to immobilize primary antibodies (Ab1) and provide excellent conductivity. 29289826 3 53 theme glass 626:630 arg1 GCE 650:652 GCE 650:652 GCE 650:652 The proposed immunosensor fabricated by three-dimensional graphene (3D-G), chitosan (CS) and glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the glass carbon electrode (GCE) with a large surface area is prepared to immobilize primary antibodies (Ab1) and provide excellent conductivity. 29289826 3 53 theme glass 626:630 arg1 electrode 639:647 the glass carbon electrode 622:647 the glass carbon electrode (GCE) 622:653 The proposed immunosensor fabricated by three-dimensional graphene (3D-G), chitosan (CS) and glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the glass carbon electrode (GCE) with a large surface area is prepared to immobilize primary antibodies (Ab1) and provide excellent conductivity. 29289826 3 54 theme proposed 500:507 arg1 immunosensor 509:520 The proposed immunosensor 496:520 The proposed immunosensor fabricated by three-dimensional graphene (3D-G), chitosan (CS) and glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the glass carbon electrode (GCE) with a large surface area 496:679 The proposed immunosensor fabricated by three-dimensional graphene (3D-G), chitosan (CS) and glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the glass carbon electrode (GCE) with a large surface area is prepared to immobilize primary antibodies (Ab1) and provide excellent conductivity. 29289826 3 55 theme carbon 632:637 arg1 GCE 650:652 GCE 650:652 GCE 650:652 The proposed immunosensor fabricated by three-dimensional graphene (3D-G), chitosan (CS) and glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the glass carbon electrode (GCE) with a large surface area is prepared to immobilize primary antibodies (Ab1) and provide excellent conductivity. 29289826 3 55 theme carbon 632:637 arg1 electrode 639:647 the glass carbon electrode 622:647 the glass carbon electrode (GCE) 622:653 The proposed immunosensor fabricated by three-dimensional graphene (3D-G), chitosan (CS) and glutaraldehyde (GA) composite on the glass carbon electrode (GCE) with a large surface area is prepared to immobilize primary antibodies (Ab1) and provide excellent conductivity. 29289826 5 56 theme low 1297:1299 arg1 LOD 1318:1320 LOD 1318:1320 LOD 1318:1320 Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor exhibits excellent analytical performance for the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1. 29289826 5 56 theme low 1297:1299 arg1 limit 1311:1315 a low detection limit 1295:1315 a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1 1295:1334 Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor exhibits excellent analytical performance for the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1. 29289826 5 57 theme wide 1250:1253 arg1 range 1262:1266 a wide linear range 1248:1266 a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 1248:1289 Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor exhibits excellent analytical performance for the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1. 29289826 0 58 theme cell 86:89 arg1 CYFRA21-1 113:121 non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1 76:121 non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1 76:121 A sandwich-type electrochemical immunoassay for ultrasensitive detection of non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1. 29289826 4 59 theme electrochemical 791:805 arg1 signal 807:812 the electrochemical signal 787:812 the electrochemical signal 787:812 To further amplify the electrochemical signal, the trace tag on the foundation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is coated with amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite through thionine linking, which provides more amino groups to capture more horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies (HPR-Ab2) and enhances the conductivity. 29289826 1 60 theme aberrant 154:161 arg1 expression 163:172 the aberrant expression 150:172 the aberrant expression of Cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) 150:216 Many studies confirm that the aberrant expression of Cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) is highly correlated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially for squamous cell carcinoma. 29289826 2 61 theme signal 392:397 arg1 amplification 399:411 signal amplification 392:411 signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites 392:447 Herein, we report a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor based on signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites to test CYFRA21-1 selectively and sensitively. 29289826 1 62 theme non-small 244:252 arg1 cancer 264:269 non-small cell lung cancer 244:269 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) 244:277 Many studies confirm that the aberrant expression of Cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) is highly correlated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially for squamous cell carcinoma. 29289826 1 62 theme non-small 244:252 arg1 NSCLC 272:276 NSCLC 272:276 NSCLC 272:276 Many studies confirm that the aberrant expression of Cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) is highly correlated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially for squamous cell carcinoma. 29289826 0 63 theme non-small 76:84 arg1 CYFRA21-1 113:121 non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1 76:121 non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1 76:121 A sandwich-type electrochemical immunoassay for ultrasensitive detection of non-small cell lung cancer biomarker CYFRA21-1. 29289826 5 64 theme optimal 1119:1125 arg1 conditions 1127:1136 optimal conditions 1119:1136 optimal conditions 1119:1136 Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor exhibits excellent analytical performance for the determination of CYFRA21-1 with a wide linear range from 0.1 to 150ng·mL-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 43pg·mL-1. 29289826 6 65 theme clinical 1427:1434 arg1 samples 1442:1448 real clinical serum samples 1422:1448 real clinical serum samples 1422:1448 Furthermore, satisfactory results are obtained for the determination of CYFRA21-1 in real clinical serum samples, indicating the potential of the immunoassay to be applied in clinical analysis. 29289826 2 66 theme electrochemical 354:368 arg1 immunosensor 370:381 a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor 338:381 a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor based on signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites to test CYFRA21-1 selectively and sensitively 338:493 Herein, we report a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor based on signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites to test CYFRA21-1 selectively and sensitively. 29289826 4 67 theme peroxidase-labeled 1042:1059 arg1 antibodies 1061:1070 more horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies 1025:1070 more horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies 1025:1070 To further amplify the electrochemical signal, the trace tag on the foundation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is coated with amino-functionalized carbon nanotube (MWCNT-NH2) nanocomposite through thionine linking, which provides more amino groups to capture more horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies (HPR-Ab2) and enhances the conductivity. 29289826 1 68 theme cell 254:257 arg1 cancer 264:269 non-small cell lung cancer 244:269 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) 244:277 Many studies confirm that the aberrant expression of Cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) is highly correlated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially for squamous cell carcinoma. 29289826 1 68 theme cell 254:257 arg1 NSCLC 272:276 NSCLC 272:276 NSCLC 272:276 Many studies confirm that the aberrant expression of Cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) is highly correlated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially for squamous cell carcinoma. 27302005 13 0 dep stay-green 1984:1993 arg1 sugar-insensitive 1996:2012 sugar-insensitive 1996:2012 sugar-insensitive 1996:2012 The stay-green, sugar-insensitive phenotype of the cell suspension contrasted with the sugar-dependent, non-green phenotype of Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings grown at comparable external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 10 1 theme growth 1448:1453 arg1 comparable 1523:1532 comparable 1523:1532 comparable 1523:1532 However, the exponential growth rate of the cell suspension cultures in the dark (0.45±0.07d-1) was comparable to that in the light (0.42±0.02d-1). 27302005 10 1 theme growth 1448:1453 arg1 rate 1455:1458 the exponential growth rate 1432:1458 the exponential growth rate of the cell suspension cultures in the dark (0.45±0.07d-1) 1432:1517 However, the exponential growth rate of the cell suspension cultures in the dark (0.45±0.07d-1) was comparable to that in the light (0.42±0.02d-1). 27302005 7 2 theme gram 1052:1055 arg1 weight 1063:1068 gram fresh weight 1052:1068 gram fresh weight 1052:1068 Although most of the genes associated with photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers and light harvesting complexes as well as genes associated with the cytochrome b6f and the ATP synthase complexes were downregulated or remained unaffected by high sucrose, immunoblotting indicated that protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight changed minimallyon a Chl basis as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 13 3 theme suspension 2036:2045 arg1 phenotype 2014:2022 The stay-green, sugar-insensitive phenotype 1980:2022 The stay-green, sugar-insensitive phenotype of the cell suspension 1980:2045 The stay-green, sugar-insensitive phenotype of the cell suspension contrasted with the sugar-dependent, non-green phenotype of Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings grown at comparable external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 16 4 dep composition 2574:2584 arg1 the 2570:2572 the 2570:2572 the 2570:2572 We suggest that this genetic alteration has inhibited the sucrose sensing/signaling pathway coupled with a stimulation of chlorophyll an accumulation in the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus. 27302005 4 5 theme 1.5-6 403:407 arg1 % 408:408 % 408:408 % 408:408 Exponential growth rates of about 0.40d-1 were maintained between 1.5-6%(w/v) sucrose, which decreased to about 0.30d-1 between 6 and 15%(w/v) sucrose. 27302005 3 6 dep % 321:321 arg1 w/v 323:325 w/v 323:325 w/v 323:325 Landsberg erecta was grown in liquid media containing 0-15%(w/v) sucrose. 27302005 7 7 theme Rubisco 1040:1046 arg1 levels 1014:1019 protein levels 1006:1019 protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight 1006:1068 Although most of the genes associated with photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers and light harvesting complexes as well as genes associated with the cytochrome b6f and the ATP synthase complexes were downregulated or remained unaffected by high sucrose, immunoblotting indicated that protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight changed minimallyon a Chl basis as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 7 8 theme reaction 786:793 arg1 centers 795:801 photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers 753:801 centers 795:801 Although most of the genes associated with photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers and light harvesting complexes as well as genes associated with the cytochrome b6f and the ATP synthase complexes were downregulated or remained unaffected by high sucrose, immunoblotting indicated that protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight changed minimallyon a Chl basis as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 12 9 theme due 1894:1896 arg1 w/v 1889:1891 w/v 1889:1891 w/v 1889:1891 Regardless, the cell suspension culture still maintained a stay-green phenotype in the light at sucrose concentrations from 0 to 15%(w/v) due, in part, to a stimulation of photoprotection through nonphotochemical quenching. 27302005 12 9 theme due 1894:1896 arg1 % 1887:1887 0 to 15% 1880:1887 0 to 15%(w/v) due, in part, to a stimulation of photoprotection through nonphotochemical quenching 1880:1977 Regardless, the cell suspension culture still maintained a stay-green phenotype in the light at sucrose concentrations from 0 to 15%(w/v) due, in part, to a stimulation of photoprotection through nonphotochemical quenching. 27302005 8 10 theme cell 1161:1164 arg1 culture 1166:1172 The green cell culture 1151:1172 The green cell culture 1151:1172 The green cell culture was photosynthetically competent based on light-dependent, CO2-saturated rates of O2 evolution as well as Fv/Fm and P700 oxidation. 27302005 8 10 theme cell 1161:1164 arg1 competent 1197:1205 competent 1197:1205 competent 1197:1205 The green cell culture was photosynthetically competent based on light-dependent, CO2-saturated rates of O2 evolution as well as Fv/Fm and P700 oxidation. 27302005 10 11 theme cell 1467:1470 arg1 cultures 1483:1490 the cell suspension cultures 1463:1490 the cell suspension cultures 1463:1490 However, the exponential growth rate of the cell suspension cultures in the dark (0.45±0.07d-1) was comparable to that in the light (0.42±0.02d-1). 27302005 7 12 theme Lhcb2 1030:1034 arg1 levels 1014:1019 protein levels 1006:1019 protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight 1006:1068 Although most of the genes associated with photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers and light harvesting complexes as well as genes associated with the cytochrome b6f and the ATP synthase complexes were downregulated or remained unaffected by high sucrose, immunoblotting indicated that protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight changed minimallyon a Chl basis as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 7 13 theme photosystem 772:782 arg1 centers 795:801 photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers 753:801 centers 795:801 Although most of the genes associated with photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers and light harvesting complexes as well as genes associated with the cytochrome b6f and the ATP synthase complexes were downregulated or remained unaffected by high sucrose, immunoblotting indicated that protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight changed minimallyon a Chl basis as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 3 14 theme Landsberg 263:271 arg1 erecta 273:278 Landsberg erecta 263:278 Landsberg erecta 263:278 Landsberg erecta was grown in liquid media containing 0-15%(w/v) sucrose. 27302005 4 15 theme 0.40d-1 371:377 arg1 rates 356:360 Exponential growth rates 337:360 Exponential growth rates of about 0.40d-1 337:377 Exponential growth rates of about 0.40d-1 were maintained between 1.5-6%(w/v) sucrose, which decreased to about 0.30d-1 between 6 and 15%(w/v) sucrose. 27302005 7 16 theme PsaA 1024:1027 arg1 levels 1014:1019 protein levels 1006:1019 protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight 1006:1068 Although most of the genes associated with photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers and light harvesting complexes as well as genes associated with the cytochrome b6f and the ATP synthase complexes were downregulated or remained unaffected by high sucrose, immunoblotting indicated that protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight changed minimallyon a Chl basis as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 16 17 from effects 2559:2565 arg1 composition 2574:2584 composition 2574:2584 composition 2574:2584 We suggest that this genetic alteration has inhibited the sucrose sensing/signaling pathway coupled with a stimulation of chlorophyll an accumulation in the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus. 27302005 16 17 from effects 2559:2565 arg1 function 2590:2597 function 2590:2597 function 2590:2597 We suggest that this genetic alteration has inhibited the sucrose sensing/signaling pathway coupled with a stimulation of chlorophyll an accumulation in the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus. 27302005 12 18 theme sucrose 1852:1858 arg1 concentrations 1860:1873 sucrose concentrations 1852:1873 sucrose concentrations from 0 to 15%(w/v) due, in part, to a stimulation of photoprotection through nonphotochemical quenching 1852:1977 Regardless, the cell suspension culture still maintained a stay-green phenotype in the light at sucrose concentrations from 0 to 15%(w/v) due, in part, to a stimulation of photoprotection through nonphotochemical quenching. 27302005 12 19 theme photoprotection 1928:1942 arg1 stimulation 1913:1923 a stimulation 1911:1923 a stimulation of photoprotection through nonphotochemical quenching 1911:1977 Regardless, the cell suspension culture still maintained a stay-green phenotype in the light at sucrose concentrations from 0 to 15%(w/v) due, in part, to a stimulation of photoprotection through nonphotochemical quenching. 27302005 11 20 theme external 1724:1731 arg1 concentration 1741:1753 external sucrose concentration 1724:1753 external sucrose concentration 1724:1753 High external sucrose levels induced feedback inhibition of photosynthesis as indicated by the increase in excitation pressure measured as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 16 21 from stimulation 2490:2500 arg1 light 2540:2544 the light 2536:2544 the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus 2536:2629 We suggest that this genetic alteration has inhibited the sucrose sensing/signaling pathway coupled with a stimulation of chlorophyll an accumulation in the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus. 27302005 13 22 dep sugar-dependent 2067:2081 arg1 non-green 2084:2092 non-green 2084:2092 non-green 2084:2092 The stay-green, sugar-insensitive phenotype of the cell suspension contrasted with the sugar-dependent, non-green phenotype of Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings grown at comparable external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 12 23 from phenotype 1826:1834 arg1 light 1843:1847 the light 1839:1847 the light 1839:1847 Regardless, the cell suspension culture still maintained a stay-green phenotype in the light at sucrose concentrations from 0 to 15%(w/v) due, in part, to a stimulation of photoprotection through nonphotochemical quenching. 27302005 15 24 theme cell 2279:2282 arg1 culture 2295:2301 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture 2262:2301 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture 2262:2301 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture has undergone significant genetic change since its original generation in 1993. 27302005 2 25 theme Arabidopsis 237:247 arg1 thaliana 249:256 Arabidopsis thaliana 237:256 Arabidopsis thaliana 237:256 An established cell suspension culture of Arabidopsis thaliana var. 27302005 5 26 theme external 513:520 arg1 sucrose 522:528 external sucrose 513:528 external sucrose 513:528 Despite the presence of external sucrose, cells maintained a stay-green phenotype at 0-15% (w/v) sucrose. 27302005 3 27 theme 0-15 317:320 arg1 % 321:321 % 321:321 % 321:321 Landsberg erecta was grown in liquid media containing 0-15%(w/v) sucrose. 27302005 16 28 from accumulation 2520:2531 arg1 light 2540:2544 the light 2536:2544 the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus 2536:2629 We suggest that this genetic alteration has inhibited the sucrose sensing/signaling pathway coupled with a stimulation of chlorophyll an accumulation in the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus. 27302005 13 29 theme stay-green 1984:1993 arg1 phenotype 2014:2022 The stay-green, sugar-insensitive phenotype 1980:2022 The stay-green, sugar-insensitive phenotype of the cell suspension 1980:2045 The stay-green, sugar-insensitive phenotype of the cell suspension contrasted with the sugar-dependent, non-green phenotype of Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings grown at comparable external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 17 30 theme experimental 2743:2754 arg1 use 2756:2758 experimental use 2743:2758 experimental use of this culture 2743:2774 Therefore, caution must be exercised in the interpretation of physiological and biochemical data obtained from experimental use of this culture in any comparison with wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings. 27302005 14 31 theme Arabidopsis 2236:2246 arg1 thaliana 2248:2255 the commonly used Arabidopsis thaliana 2218:2255 the commonly used Arabidopsis thaliana var 2218:2259 It appears that the commonly used Arabidopsis thaliana var. 27302005 11 32 theme photosynthesis 1631:1644 arg1 inhibition 1617:1626 feedback inhibition 1608:1626 feedback inhibition of photosynthesis 1608:1644 High external sucrose levels induced feedback inhibition of photosynthesis as indicated by the increase in excitation pressure measured as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 0 33 theme Arabidopsis 15:25 arg1 thaliana 27:34 An established Arabidopsis thaliana 0:34 An established Arabidopsis thaliana 0:34 An established Arabidopsis thaliana var. 27302005 7 34 theme synthase 898:905 arg1 complexes 907:915 the ATP synthase complexes 890:915 the ATP synthase complexes 890:915 Although most of the genes associated with photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers and light harvesting complexes as well as genes associated with the cytochrome b6f and the ATP synthase complexes were downregulated or remained unaffected by high sucrose, immunoblotting indicated that protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight changed minimallyon a Chl basis as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 1 35 theme high 157:160 arg1 concentrations 179:192 high external sucrose concentrations 157:192 high external sucrose concentrations 157:192 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture accumulates chlorophyll and exhibits a stay-green phenotype in response to high external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 10 36 theme cultures 1483:1490 arg1 comparable 1523:1532 comparable 1523:1532 comparable 1523:1532 However, the exponential growth rate of the cell suspension cultures in the dark (0.45±0.07d-1) was comparable to that in the light (0.42±0.02d-1). 27302005 10 36 theme cultures 1483:1490 arg1 rate 1455:1458 the exponential growth rate 1432:1458 the exponential growth rate of the cell suspension cultures in the dark (0.45±0.07d-1) 1432:1517 However, the exponential growth rate of the cell suspension cultures in the dark (0.45±0.07d-1) was comparable to that in the light (0.42±0.02d-1). 27302005 13 37 theme sugar-dependent 2067:2081 arg1 phenotype 2094:2102 the sugar-dependent, non-green phenotype 2063:2102 the sugar-dependent, non-green phenotype of Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings grown at comparable external sucrose concentrations 2063:2199 The stay-green, sugar-insensitive phenotype of the cell suspension contrasted with the sugar-dependent, non-green phenotype of Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings grown at comparable external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 7 38 theme concentration 1136:1148 arg1 basis 1096:1100 minimallyon a Chl basis 1078:1100 minimallyon a Chl basis 1078:1100 Although most of the genes associated with photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers and light harvesting complexes as well as genes associated with the cytochrome b6f and the ATP synthase complexes were downregulated or remained unaffected by high sucrose, immunoblotting indicated that protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight changed minimallyon a Chl basis as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 7 38 theme concentration 1136:1148 arg1 function 1107:1114 a function 1105:1114 a function of external sucrose concentration 1105:1148 Although most of the genes associated with photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers and light harvesting complexes as well as genes associated with the cytochrome b6f and the ATP synthase complexes were downregulated or remained unaffected by high sucrose, immunoblotting indicated that protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight changed minimallyon a Chl basis as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 15 39 theme original 2354:2361 arg1 generation 2363:2372 its original generation 2350:2372 its original generation in 1993 2350:2380 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture has undergone significant genetic change since its original generation in 1993. 27302005 15 40 theme Landsberg 2262:2270 arg1 culture 2295:2301 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture 2262:2301 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture 2262:2301 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture has undergone significant genetic change since its original generation in 1993. 27302005 5 41 theme stay-green 550:559 arg1 phenotype 561:569 a stay-green phenotype 548:569 a stay-green phenotype 548:569 Despite the presence of external sucrose, cells maintained a stay-green phenotype at 0-15% (w/v) sucrose. 27302005 1 42 theme sucrose 171:177 arg1 concentrations 179:192 high external sucrose concentrations 157:192 high external sucrose concentrations 157:192 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture accumulates chlorophyll and exhibits a stay-green phenotype in response to high external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 2 43 theme established 198:208 arg1 culture 226:232 An established cell suspension culture 195:232 An established cell suspension culture of Arabidopsis thaliana 195:256 An established cell suspension culture of Arabidopsis thaliana var. 27302005 7 44 theme external 1119:1126 arg1 concentration 1136:1148 external sucrose concentration 1119:1148 external sucrose concentration 1119:1148 Although most of the genes associated with photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers and light harvesting complexes as well as genes associated with the cytochrome b6f and the ATP synthase complexes were downregulated or remained unaffected by high sucrose, immunoblotting indicated that protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight changed minimallyon a Chl basis as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 1 45 theme suspension 63:72 arg1 culture 74:80 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture 41:80 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture 41:80 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture accumulates chlorophyll and exhibits a stay-green phenotype in response to high external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 17 46 theme wild-type 2799:2807 arg1 seedlings 2821:2829 wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings 2799:2829 wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings 2799:2829 Therefore, caution must be exercised in the interpretation of physiological and biochemical data obtained from experimental use of this culture in any comparison with wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings. 27302005 17 47 with comparison 2783:2792 arg1 seedlings 2821:2829 wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings 2799:2829 wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings 2799:2829 Therefore, caution must be exercised in the interpretation of physiological and biochemical data obtained from experimental use of this culture in any comparison with wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings. 27302005 15 48 theme genetic 2329:2335 arg1 change 2337:2342 significant genetic change 2317:2342 significant genetic change 2317:2342 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture has undergone significant genetic change since its original generation in 1993. 27302005 16 49 theme chlorophyll 2505:2515 arg1 accumulation 2520:2531 chlorophyll an accumulation 2505:2531 chlorophyll an accumulation in the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus 2505:2629 We suggest that this genetic alteration has inhibited the sucrose sensing/signaling pathway coupled with a stimulation of chlorophyll an accumulation in the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus. 27302005 13 50 theme erecta 2129:2134 arg1 seedlings 2139:2147 Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings 2107:2147 Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings grown at comparable external sucrose concentrations 2107:2199 The stay-green, sugar-insensitive phenotype of the cell suspension contrasted with the sugar-dependent, non-green phenotype of Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings grown at comparable external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 1 51 theme erecta 51:56 arg1 culture 74:80 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture 41:80 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture 41:80 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture accumulates chlorophyll and exhibits a stay-green phenotype in response to high external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 17 52 theme data 2724:2727 arg1 interpretation 2676:2689 the interpretation 2672:2689 the interpretation of physiological and biochemical data obtained from experimental use of this culture in any comparison with wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings 2672:2829 Therefore, caution must be exercised in the interpretation of physiological and biochemical data obtained from experimental use of this culture in any comparison with wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings. 27302005 7 53 theme Chl 1092:1094 arg1 basis 1096:1100 minimallyon a Chl basis 1078:1100 minimallyon a Chl basis 1078:1100 Although most of the genes associated with photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers and light harvesting complexes as well as genes associated with the cytochrome b6f and the ATP synthase complexes were downregulated or remained unaffected by high sucrose, immunoblotting indicated that protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight changed minimallyon a Chl basis as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 7 53 theme Chl 1092:1094 arg1 function 1107:1114 a function 1105:1114 a function of external sucrose concentration 1105:1148 Although most of the genes associated with photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers and light harvesting complexes as well as genes associated with the cytochrome b6f and the ATP synthase complexes were downregulated or remained unaffected by high sucrose, immunoblotting indicated that protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight changed minimallyon a Chl basis as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 13 54 theme seedlings 2139:2147 arg1 phenotype 2094:2102 the sugar-dependent, non-green phenotype 2063:2102 the sugar-dependent, non-green phenotype of Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings grown at comparable external sucrose concentrations 2063:2199 The stay-green, sugar-insensitive phenotype of the cell suspension contrasted with the sugar-dependent, non-green phenotype of Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings grown at comparable external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 10 55 from rate 1455:1458 arg1 0.45±0.07d-1 1505:1516 0.45±0.07d-1 1505:1516 0.45±0.07d-1 1505:1516 However, the exponential growth rate of the cell suspension cultures in the dark (0.45±0.07d-1) was comparable to that in the light (0.42±0.02d-1). 27302005 10 55 from rate 1455:1458 arg1 dark 1499:1502 the dark 1495:1502 the dark (0.45±0.07d-1) 1495:1517 However, the exponential growth rate of the cell suspension cultures in the dark (0.45±0.07d-1) was comparable to that in the light (0.42±0.02d-1). 27302005 3 56 contain containing 306:315 arg1 media 300:304 liquid media 293:304 liquid media containing 0-15%(w/v) sucrose 293:334 Landsberg erecta was grown in liquid media containing 0-15%(w/v) sucrose. 27302005 3 56 contain containing 306:315 arg2 sucrose 328:334 0-15%(w/v) sucrose 317:334 0-15%(w/v) sucrose 317:334 Landsberg erecta was grown in liquid media containing 0-15%(w/v) sucrose. 27302005 6 57 theme transcript 614:623 arg1 levels 625:630 transcript levels 614:630 transcript levels of genes involved in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway (ChlH, ChlI2, DVR) 614:707 Sucrose stimulated transcript levels of genes involved in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway (ChlH, ChlI2, DVR). 27302005 12 58 theme suspension 1777:1786 arg1 culture 1788:1794 the cell suspension culture 1768:1794 the cell suspension culture 1768:1794 Regardless, the cell suspension culture still maintained a stay-green phenotype in the light at sucrose concentrations from 0 to 15%(w/v) due, in part, to a stimulation of photoprotection through nonphotochemical quenching. 27302005 16 59 theme sensing/signaling 2449:2465 arg1 pathway 2467:2473 the sucrose sensing/signaling pathway 2437:2473 the sucrose sensing/signaling pathway coupled with a stimulation of chlorophyll an accumulation in the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus 2437:2629 We suggest that this genetic alteration has inhibited the sucrose sensing/signaling pathway coupled with a stimulation of chlorophyll an accumulation in the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus. 27302005 5 60 dep % 578:578 arg1 w/v 581:583 w/v 581:583 w/v 581:583 Despite the presence of external sucrose, cells maintained a stay-green phenotype at 0-15% (w/v) sucrose. 27302005 10 61 theme exponential 1436:1446 arg1 comparable 1523:1532 comparable 1523:1532 comparable 1523:1532 However, the exponential growth rate of the cell suspension cultures in the dark (0.45±0.07d-1) was comparable to that in the light (0.42±0.02d-1). 27302005 10 61 theme exponential 1436:1446 arg1 rate 1455:1458 the exponential growth rate 1432:1458 the exponential growth rate of the cell suspension cultures in the dark (0.45±0.07d-1) 1432:1517 However, the exponential growth rate of the cell suspension cultures in the dark (0.45±0.07d-1) was comparable to that in the light (0.42±0.02d-1). 27302005 11 62 theme external 1576:1583 arg1 levels 1593:1598 High external sucrose levels 1571:1598 High external sucrose levels 1571:1598 High external sucrose levels induced feedback inhibition of photosynthesis as indicated by the increase in excitation pressure measured as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 13 63 theme Arabidopsis 2107:2117 arg1 seedlings 2139:2147 Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings 2107:2147 Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings grown at comparable external sucrose concentrations 2107:2199 The stay-green, sugar-insensitive phenotype of the cell suspension contrasted with the sugar-dependent, non-green phenotype of Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings grown at comparable external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 0 64 dep var 36:38 arg1 thaliana 27:34 An established Arabidopsis thaliana 0:34 An established Arabidopsis thaliana 0:34 An established Arabidopsis thaliana var. 27302005 6 65 dep pathway 682:688 arg1 ChlI2 697:701 ChlI2 697:701 ChlI2 697:701 Sucrose stimulated transcript levels of genes involved in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway (ChlH, ChlI2, DVR). 27302005 6 65 dep pathway 682:688 arg1 ChlH 691:694 ChlH 691:694 ChlH 691:694 Sucrose stimulated transcript levels of genes involved in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway (ChlH, ChlI2, DVR). 27302005 6 65 dep pathway 682:688 arg1 DVR 704:706 DVR 704:706 DVR 704:706 Sucrose stimulated transcript levels of genes involved in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway (ChlH, ChlI2, DVR). 27302005 11 66 theme concentration 1741:1753 arg1 function 1712:1719 a function 1710:1719 a function of external sucrose concentration 1710:1753 High external sucrose levels induced feedback inhibition of photosynthesis as indicated by the increase in excitation pressure measured as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 13 67 theme comparable 2158:2167 arg1 concentrations 2186:2199 comparable external sucrose concentrations 2158:2199 comparable external sucrose concentrations 2158:2199 The stay-green, sugar-insensitive phenotype of the cell suspension contrasted with the sugar-dependent, non-green phenotype of Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings grown at comparable external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 2 68 theme cell 210:213 arg1 culture 226:232 An established cell suspension culture 195:232 An established cell suspension culture of Arabidopsis thaliana 195:256 An established cell suspension culture of Arabidopsis thaliana var. 27302005 9 69 theme WT 1329:1330 arg1 seedlings 1332:1340 Arabidopsis WT seedlings 1317:1340 Arabidopsis WT seedlings 1317:1340 Similar to Arabidopsis WT seedlings, the suspension cells etiolated in the dark and but remained green in the light. 27302005 8 70 dep light-dependent 1216:1230 arg1 CO2-saturated 1233:1245 CO2-saturated 1233:1245 CO2-saturated 1233:1245 The green cell culture was photosynthetically competent based on light-dependent, CO2-saturated rates of O2 evolution as well as Fv/Fm and P700 oxidation. 27302005 9 71 from etiolated 1364:1372 arg1 dark 1381:1384 the dark 1377:1384 the dark 1377:1384 Similar to Arabidopsis WT seedlings, the suspension cells etiolated in the dark and but remained green in the light. 27302005 14 72 dep thaliana 2248:2255 arg1 var 2257:2259 var 2257:2259 the commonly used Arabidopsis thaliana var 2218:2259 It appears that the commonly used Arabidopsis thaliana var. 27302005 6 73 theme biosynthetic 669:680 arg1 pathway 682:688 the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway 653:688 the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway (ChlH, ChlI2, DVR) 653:707 Sucrose stimulated transcript levels of genes involved in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway (ChlH, ChlI2, DVR). 27302005 13 74 theme cell 2031:2034 arg1 suspension 2036:2045 the cell suspension 2027:2045 the cell suspension 2027:2045 The stay-green, sugar-insensitive phenotype of the cell suspension contrasted with the sugar-dependent, non-green phenotype of Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings grown at comparable external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 12 75 from % 1887:1887 arg1 concentrations 1860:1873 sucrose concentrations 1852:1873 sucrose concentrations from 0 to 15%(w/v) due, in part, to a stimulation of photoprotection through nonphotochemical quenching 1852:1977 Regardless, the cell suspension culture still maintained a stay-green phenotype in the light at sucrose concentrations from 0 to 15%(w/v) due, in part, to a stimulation of photoprotection through nonphotochemical quenching. 27302005 4 76 theme % 408:408 arg1 sucrose 415:421 1.5-6%(w/v) sucrose 403:421 1.5-6%(w/v) sucrose 403:421 Exponential growth rates of about 0.40d-1 were maintained between 1.5-6%(w/v) sucrose, which decreased to about 0.30d-1 between 6 and 15%(w/v) sucrose. 27302005 7 77 theme light 807:811 arg1 complexes 824:832 light harvesting complexes 807:832 light harvesting complexes 807:832 Although most of the genes associated with photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers and light harvesting complexes as well as genes associated with the cytochrome b6f and the ATP synthase complexes were downregulated or remained unaffected by high sucrose, immunoblotting indicated that protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight changed minimallyon a Chl basis as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 9 78 theme suspension 1347:1356 arg1 cells 1358:1362 the suspension cells 1343:1362 the suspension cells 1343:1362 Similar to Arabidopsis WT seedlings, the suspension cells etiolated in the dark and but remained green in the light. 27302005 16 79 theme genetic 2404:2410 arg1 alteration 2412:2421 this genetic alteration 2399:2421 this genetic alteration 2399:2421 We suggest that this genetic alteration has inhibited the sucrose sensing/signaling pathway coupled with a stimulation of chlorophyll an accumulation in the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus. 27302005 13 80 theme external 2169:2176 arg1 concentrations 2186:2199 comparable external sucrose concentrations 2158:2199 comparable external sucrose concentrations 2158:2199 The stay-green, sugar-insensitive phenotype of the cell suspension contrasted with the sugar-dependent, non-green phenotype of Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings grown at comparable external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 10 81 theme suspension 1472:1481 arg1 cultures 1483:1490 the cell suspension cultures 1463:1490 the cell suspension cultures 1463:1490 However, the exponential growth rate of the cell suspension cultures in the dark (0.45±0.07d-1) was comparable to that in the light (0.42±0.02d-1). 27302005 5 82 theme % 578:578 arg1 sucrose 586:592 0-15% (w/v) sucrose 574:592 0-15% (w/v) sucrose 574:592 Despite the presence of external sucrose, cells maintained a stay-green phenotype at 0-15% (w/v) sucrose. 27302005 8 83 theme green 1155:1159 arg1 culture 1166:1172 The green cell culture 1151:1172 The green cell culture 1151:1172 The green cell culture was photosynthetically competent based on light-dependent, CO2-saturated rates of O2 evolution as well as Fv/Fm and P700 oxidation. 27302005 8 83 theme green 1155:1159 arg1 competent 1197:1205 competent 1197:1205 competent 1197:1205 The green cell culture was photosynthetically competent based on light-dependent, CO2-saturated rates of O2 evolution as well as Fv/Fm and P700 oxidation. 27302005 16 84 with light 2540:2544 arg1 effects 2559:2565 minimal effects 2551:2565 minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus 2551:2629 We suggest that this genetic alteration has inhibited the sucrose sensing/signaling pathway coupled with a stimulation of chlorophyll an accumulation in the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus. 27302005 7 85 theme I 784:784 arg1 centers 795:801 photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers 753:801 centers 795:801 Although most of the genes associated with photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers and light harvesting complexes as well as genes associated with the cytochrome b6f and the ATP synthase complexes were downregulated or remained unaffected by high sucrose, immunoblotting indicated that protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight changed minimallyon a Chl basis as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 16 86 theme minimal 2551:2557 arg1 effects 2559:2565 minimal effects 2551:2565 minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus 2551:2629 We suggest that this genetic alteration has inhibited the sucrose sensing/signaling pathway coupled with a stimulation of chlorophyll an accumulation in the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus. 27302005 17 87 theme physiological 2694:2706 arg1 data 2724:2727 physiological and biochemical data 2694:2727 physiological and biochemical data obtained from experimental use of this culture in any comparison with wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings 2694:2829 Therefore, caution must be exercised in the interpretation of physiological and biochemical data obtained from experimental use of this culture in any comparison with wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings. 27302005 7 88 theme protein 1006:1012 arg1 levels 1014:1019 protein levels 1006:1019 protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight 1006:1068 Although most of the genes associated with photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers and light harvesting complexes as well as genes associated with the cytochrome b6f and the ATP synthase complexes were downregulated or remained unaffected by high sucrose, immunoblotting indicated that protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight changed minimallyon a Chl basis as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 11 89 from increase 1666:1673 arg1 pressure 1689:1696 excitation pressure 1678:1696 excitation pressure measured as a function of external sucrose concentration 1678:1753 High external sucrose levels induced feedback inhibition of photosynthesis as indicated by the increase in excitation pressure measured as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 13 90 theme sucrose 2178:2184 arg1 concentrations 2186:2199 comparable external sucrose concentrations 2158:2199 comparable external sucrose concentrations 2158:2199 The stay-green, sugar-insensitive phenotype of the cell suspension contrasted with the sugar-dependent, non-green phenotype of Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings grown at comparable external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 14 91 dep appears 2205:2211 arg1 thaliana 2248:2255 the commonly used Arabidopsis thaliana 2218:2255 the commonly used Arabidopsis thaliana var 2218:2259 It appears that the commonly used Arabidopsis thaliana var. 27302005 15 92 theme significant 2317:2327 arg1 change 2337:2342 significant genetic change 2317:2342 significant genetic change 2317:2342 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture has undergone significant genetic change since its original generation in 1993. 27302005 7 93 theme photosystem 753:763 arg1 II 765:766 photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers 753:801 II 765:766 Although most of the genes associated with photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers and light harvesting complexes as well as genes associated with the cytochrome b6f and the ATP synthase complexes were downregulated or remained unaffected by high sucrose, immunoblotting indicated that protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight changed minimallyon a Chl basis as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 3 94 theme liquid 293:298 arg1 media 300:304 liquid media 293:304 liquid media containing 0-15%(w/v) sucrose 293:334 Landsberg erecta was grown in liquid media containing 0-15%(w/v) sucrose. 27302005 2 95 dep var 258:260 arg1 culture 226:232 An established cell suspension culture 195:232 An established cell suspension culture of Arabidopsis thaliana 195:256 An established cell suspension culture of Arabidopsis thaliana var. 27302005 11 96 theme sucrose 1733:1739 arg1 concentration 1741:1753 external sucrose concentration 1724:1753 external sucrose concentration 1724:1753 High external sucrose levels induced feedback inhibition of photosynthesis as indicated by the increase in excitation pressure measured as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 16 97 from light 2540:2544 arg1 stimulation 2490:2500 a stimulation 2488:2500 a stimulation of chlorophyll an accumulation in the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus 2488:2629 We suggest that this genetic alteration has inhibited the sucrose sensing/signaling pathway coupled with a stimulation of chlorophyll an accumulation in the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus. 27302005 2 98 theme thaliana 249:256 arg1 culture 226:232 An established cell suspension culture 195:232 An established cell suspension culture of Arabidopsis thaliana 195:256 An established cell suspension culture of Arabidopsis thaliana var. 27302005 1 99 theme stay-green 121:130 arg1 phenotype 132:140 a stay-green phenotype 119:140 a stay-green phenotype in response to high external sucrose concentrations 119:192 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture accumulates chlorophyll and exhibits a stay-green phenotype in response to high external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 8 100 theme light-dependent 1216:1230 arg1 rates 1247:1251 light-dependent, CO2-saturated rates 1216:1251 light-dependent, CO2-saturated rates of O2 evolution as well as Fv/Fm and P700 oxidation 1216:1303 The green cell culture was photosynthetically competent based on light-dependent, CO2-saturated rates of O2 evolution as well as Fv/Fm and P700 oxidation. 27302005 7 101 theme high 962:965 arg1 sucrose 967:973 high sucrose 962:973 high sucrose 962:973 Although most of the genes associated with photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers and light harvesting complexes as well as genes associated with the cytochrome b6f and the ATP synthase complexes were downregulated or remained unaffected by high sucrose, immunoblotting indicated that protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight changed minimallyon a Chl basis as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 15 102 theme suspension 2284:2293 arg1 culture 2295:2301 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture 2262:2301 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture 2262:2301 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture has undergone significant genetic change since its original generation in 1993. 27302005 5 103 theme sucrose 522:528 arg1 presence 501:508 the presence 497:508 the presence of external sucrose 497:528 Despite the presence of external sucrose, cells maintained a stay-green phenotype at 0-15% (w/v) sucrose. 27302005 3 104 theme % 321:321 arg1 sucrose 328:334 0-15%(w/v) sucrose 317:334 0-15%(w/v) sucrose 317:334 Landsberg erecta was grown in liquid media containing 0-15%(w/v) sucrose. 27302005 12 105 theme nonphotochemical 1952:1967 arg1 quenching 1969:1977 nonphotochemical quenching 1952:1977 nonphotochemical quenching 1952:1977 Regardless, the cell suspension culture still maintained a stay-green phenotype in the light at sucrose concentrations from 0 to 15%(w/v) due, in part, to a stimulation of photoprotection through nonphotochemical quenching. 27302005 15 106 theme erecta 2272:2277 arg1 culture 2295:2301 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture 2262:2301 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture 2262:2301 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture has undergone significant genetic change since its original generation in 1993. 27302005 12 107 from stimulation 1913:1923 arg1 part 1902:1905 part 1902:1905 part 1902:1905 Regardless, the cell suspension culture still maintained a stay-green phenotype in the light at sucrose concentrations from 0 to 15%(w/v) due, in part, to a stimulation of photoprotection through nonphotochemical quenching. 27302005 17 108 theme culture 2768:2774 arg1 use 2756:2758 experimental use 2743:2758 experimental use of this culture 2743:2774 Therefore, caution must be exercised in the interpretation of physiological and biochemical data obtained from experimental use of this culture in any comparison with wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings. 27302005 14 109 theme used 2231:2234 arg1 thaliana 2248:2255 the commonly used Arabidopsis thaliana 2218:2255 the commonly used Arabidopsis thaliana var 2218:2259 It appears that the commonly used Arabidopsis thaliana var. 27302005 7 110 theme sucrose 1128:1134 arg1 concentration 1136:1148 external sucrose concentration 1119:1148 external sucrose concentration 1119:1148 Although most of the genes associated with photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers and light harvesting complexes as well as genes associated with the cytochrome b6f and the ATP synthase complexes were downregulated or remained unaffected by high sucrose, immunoblotting indicated that protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight changed minimallyon a Chl basis as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 1 111 theme external 162:169 arg1 concentrations 179:192 high external sucrose concentrations 157:192 high external sucrose concentrations 157:192 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture accumulates chlorophyll and exhibits a stay-green phenotype in response to high external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 8 112 theme evolution 1259:1267 arg1 rates 1247:1251 light-dependent, CO2-saturated rates 1216:1251 light-dependent, CO2-saturated rates of O2 evolution as well as Fv/Fm and P700 oxidation 1216:1303 The green cell culture was photosynthetically competent based on light-dependent, CO2-saturated rates of O2 evolution as well as Fv/Fm and P700 oxidation. 27302005 4 113 dep % 408:408 arg1 w/v 410:412 w/v 410:412 w/v 410:412 Exponential growth rates of about 0.40d-1 were maintained between 1.5-6%(w/v) sucrose, which decreased to about 0.30d-1 between 6 and 15%(w/v) sucrose. 27302005 11 114 theme excitation 1678:1687 arg1 pressure 1689:1696 excitation pressure 1678:1696 excitation pressure measured as a function of external sucrose concentration 1678:1753 High external sucrose levels induced feedback inhibition of photosynthesis as indicated by the increase in excitation pressure measured as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 4 115 dep sucrose 480:486 arg1 % 473:473 % 473:473 % 473:473 Exponential growth rates of about 0.40d-1 were maintained between 1.5-6%(w/v) sucrose, which decreased to about 0.30d-1 between 6 and 15%(w/v) sucrose. 27302005 7 116 theme ATP 894:896 arg1 complexes 907:915 the ATP synthase complexes 890:915 the ATP synthase complexes 890:915 Although most of the genes associated with photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers and light harvesting complexes as well as genes associated with the cytochrome b6f and the ATP synthase complexes were downregulated or remained unaffected by high sucrose, immunoblotting indicated that protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight changed minimallyon a Chl basis as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 1 117 theme cell 58:61 arg1 culture 74:80 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture 41:80 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture 41:80 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture accumulates chlorophyll and exhibits a stay-green phenotype in response to high external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 6 118 theme chlorophyll 657:667 arg1 pathway 682:688 the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway 653:688 the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway (ChlH, ChlI2, DVR) 653:707 Sucrose stimulated transcript levels of genes involved in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway (ChlH, ChlI2, DVR). 27302005 16 119 theme photosynthetic 2606:2619 arg1 apparatus 2621:2629 its photosynthetic apparatus 2602:2629 its photosynthetic apparatus 2602:2629 We suggest that this genetic alteration has inhibited the sucrose sensing/signaling pathway coupled with a stimulation of chlorophyll an accumulation in the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus. 27302005 5 120 theme 0-15 574:577 arg1 % 578:578 % 578:578 % 578:578 Despite the presence of external sucrose, cells maintained a stay-green phenotype at 0-15% (w/v) sucrose. 27302005 17 121 theme Arabidopsis 2809:2819 arg1 seedlings 2821:2829 wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings 2799:2829 wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings 2799:2829 Therefore, caution must be exercised in the interpretation of physiological and biochemical data obtained from experimental use of this culture in any comparison with wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings. 27302005 12 122 dep 15 1885:1886 arg1 to 1882:1883 to 1882:1883 to 1882:1883 Regardless, the cell suspension culture still maintained a stay-green phenotype in the light at sucrose concentrations from 0 to 15%(w/v) due, in part, to a stimulation of photoprotection through nonphotochemical quenching. 27302005 8 123 theme Fv/Fm 1280:1284 arg1 rates 1247:1251 light-dependent, CO2-saturated rates 1216:1251 light-dependent, CO2-saturated rates of O2 evolution as well as Fv/Fm and P700 oxidation 1216:1303 The green cell culture was photosynthetically competent based on light-dependent, CO2-saturated rates of O2 evolution as well as Fv/Fm and P700 oxidation. 27302005 0 124 theme established 3:13 arg1 thaliana 27:34 An established Arabidopsis thaliana 0:34 An established Arabidopsis thaliana 0:34 An established Arabidopsis thaliana var. 27302005 12 125 theme stay-green 1815:1824 arg1 phenotype 1826:1834 a stay-green phenotype 1813:1834 a stay-green phenotype in the light 1813:1847 Regardless, the cell suspension culture still maintained a stay-green phenotype in the light at sucrose concentrations from 0 to 15%(w/v) due, in part, to a stimulation of photoprotection through nonphotochemical quenching. 27302005 7 126 theme cytochrome 871:880 arg1 b6f 882:884 the cytochrome b6f 867:884 the cytochrome b6f 867:884 Although most of the genes associated with photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers and light harvesting complexes as well as genes associated with the cytochrome b6f and the ATP synthase complexes were downregulated or remained unaffected by high sucrose, immunoblotting indicated that protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight changed minimallyon a Chl basis as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 17 127 theme biochemical 2712:2722 arg1 data 2724:2727 physiological and biochemical data 2694:2727 physiological and biochemical data obtained from experimental use of this culture in any comparison with wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings 2694:2829 Therefore, caution must be exercised in the interpretation of physiological and biochemical data obtained from experimental use of this culture in any comparison with wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings. 27302005 11 128 theme feedback 1608:1615 arg1 inhibition 1617:1626 feedback inhibition 1608:1626 feedback inhibition of photosynthesis 1608:1644 High external sucrose levels induced feedback inhibition of photosynthesis as indicated by the increase in excitation pressure measured as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 8 129 theme P700 1290:1293 arg1 oxidation 1295:1303 P700 oxidation 1290:1303 P700 oxidation 1290:1303 The green cell culture was photosynthetically competent based on light-dependent, CO2-saturated rates of O2 evolution as well as Fv/Fm and P700 oxidation. 27302005 6 130 theme genes 635:639 arg1 levels 625:630 transcript levels 614:630 transcript levels of genes involved in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway (ChlH, ChlI2, DVR) 614:707 Sucrose stimulated transcript levels of genes involved in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway (ChlH, ChlI2, DVR). 27302005 13 131 theme WT 2136:2137 arg1 seedlings 2139:2147 Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings 2107:2147 Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings grown at comparable external sucrose concentrations 2107:2199 The stay-green, sugar-insensitive phenotype of the cell suspension contrasted with the sugar-dependent, non-green phenotype of Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings grown at comparable external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 12 132 theme cell 1772:1775 arg1 culture 1788:1794 the cell suspension culture 1768:1794 the cell suspension culture 1768:1794 Regardless, the cell suspension culture still maintained a stay-green phenotype in the light at sucrose concentrations from 0 to 15%(w/v) due, in part, to a stimulation of photoprotection through nonphotochemical quenching. 27302005 1 133 from phenotype 132:140 arg1 response 145:152 response 145:152 response to high external sucrose concentrations 145:192 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture accumulates chlorophyll and exhibits a stay-green phenotype in response to high external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 13 134 theme Landsberg 2119:2127 arg1 seedlings 2139:2147 Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings 2107:2147 Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings grown at comparable external sucrose concentrations 2107:2199 The stay-green, sugar-insensitive phenotype of the cell suspension contrasted with the sugar-dependent, non-green phenotype of Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta WT seedlings grown at comparable external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 11 135 theme sucrose 1585:1591 arg1 levels 1593:1598 High external sucrose levels 1571:1598 High external sucrose levels 1571:1598 High external sucrose levels induced feedback inhibition of photosynthesis as indicated by the increase in excitation pressure measured as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 15 136 from generation 2363:2372 arg1 1993 2377:2380 1993 2377:2380 1993 2377:2380 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture has undergone significant genetic change since its original generation in 1993. 27302005 11 137 theme High 1571:1574 arg1 levels 1593:1598 High external sucrose levels 1571:1598 High external sucrose levels 1571:1598 High external sucrose levels induced feedback inhibition of photosynthesis as indicated by the increase in excitation pressure measured as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 7 138 theme fresh 1057:1061 arg1 weight 1063:1068 gram fresh weight 1052:1068 gram fresh weight 1052:1068 Although most of the genes associated with photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers and light harvesting complexes as well as genes associated with the cytochrome b6f and the ATP synthase complexes were downregulated or remained unaffected by high sucrose, immunoblotting indicated that protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight changed minimallyon a Chl basis as a function of external sucrose concentration. 27302005 16 139 theme sucrose 2441:2447 arg1 pathway 2467:2473 the sucrose sensing/signaling pathway 2437:2473 the sucrose sensing/signaling pathway coupled with a stimulation of chlorophyll an accumulation in the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus 2437:2629 We suggest that this genetic alteration has inhibited the sucrose sensing/signaling pathway coupled with a stimulation of chlorophyll an accumulation in the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus. 27302005 4 140 theme growth 349:354 arg1 rates 356:360 Exponential growth rates 337:360 Exponential growth rates of about 0.40d-1 337:377 Exponential growth rates of about 0.40d-1 were maintained between 1.5-6%(w/v) sucrose, which decreased to about 0.30d-1 between 6 and 15%(w/v) sucrose. 27302005 16 141 theme accumulation 2520:2531 arg1 stimulation 2490:2500 a stimulation 2488:2500 a stimulation of chlorophyll an accumulation in the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus 2488:2629 We suggest that this genetic alteration has inhibited the sucrose sensing/signaling pathway coupled with a stimulation of chlorophyll an accumulation in the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus. 27302005 4 142 dep % 473:473 arg1 15 471:472 15 471:472 15 471:472 Exponential growth rates of about 0.40d-1 were maintained between 1.5-6%(w/v) sucrose, which decreased to about 0.30d-1 between 6 and 15%(w/v) sucrose. 27302005 4 142 dep % 473:473 arg1 w/v 475:477 w/v 475:477 w/v 475:477 Exponential growth rates of about 0.40d-1 were maintained between 1.5-6%(w/v) sucrose, which decreased to about 0.30d-1 between 6 and 15%(w/v) sucrose. 27302005 4 142 dep % 473:473 arg1 6 465:465 6 465:465 6 465:465 Exponential growth rates of about 0.40d-1 were maintained between 1.5-6%(w/v) sucrose, which decreased to about 0.30d-1 between 6 and 15%(w/v) sucrose. 27302005 16 143 theme apparatus 2621:2629 arg1 composition 2574:2584 composition 2574:2584 composition 2574:2584 We suggest that this genetic alteration has inhibited the sucrose sensing/signaling pathway coupled with a stimulation of chlorophyll an accumulation in the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus. 27302005 16 143 theme apparatus 2621:2629 arg1 function 2590:2597 function 2590:2597 function 2590:2597 We suggest that this genetic alteration has inhibited the sucrose sensing/signaling pathway coupled with a stimulation of chlorophyll an accumulation in the light with minimal effects on the composition and function of its photosynthetic apparatus. 27302005 4 144 theme Exponential 337:347 arg1 rates 356:360 Exponential growth rates 337:360 Exponential growth rates of about 0.40d-1 337:377 Exponential growth rates of about 0.40d-1 were maintained between 1.5-6%(w/v) sucrose, which decreased to about 0.30d-1 between 6 and 15%(w/v) sucrose. 27302005 2 145 theme suspension 215:224 arg1 culture 226:232 An established cell suspension culture 195:232 An established cell suspension culture of Arabidopsis thaliana 195:256 An established cell suspension culture of Arabidopsis thaliana var. 27302005 9 146 theme Arabidopsis 1317:1327 arg1 seedlings 1332:1340 Arabidopsis WT seedlings 1317:1340 Arabidopsis WT seedlings 1317:1340 Similar to Arabidopsis WT seedlings, the suspension cells etiolated in the dark and but remained green in the light. 27302005 1 147 theme Landsberg 41:49 arg1 culture 74:80 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture 41:80 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture 41:80 Landsberg erecta cell suspension culture accumulates chlorophyll and exhibits a stay-green phenotype in response to high external sucrose concentrations. 27302005 9 148 from dark 1381:1384 arg1 etiolated 1364:1372 etiolated 1364:1372 etiolated 1364:1372 Similar to Arabidopsis WT seedlings, the suspension cells etiolated in the dark and but remained green in the light. 27302005 7 149 theme harvesting 813:822 arg1 complexes 824:832 light harvesting complexes 807:832 light harvesting complexes 807:832 Although most of the genes associated with photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers and light harvesting complexes as well as genes associated with the cytochrome b6f and the ATP synthase complexes were downregulated or remained unaffected by high sucrose, immunoblotting indicated that protein levels of PsaA, Lhcb2 and Rubisco per gram fresh weight changed minimallyon a Chl basis as a function of external sucrose concentration. 24809828 3 0 theme % 277:277 arg1 NaCl 285:288 3.0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl 269:288 3.0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl 269:288 The strain grew optimally at 35 °C, at pH 7.0-7.5, and with 3.0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 24809828 8 1 theme type 744:747 arg1 L-Orn-D-Asp 753:763 type A4β L-Orn-D-Asp 744:763 type A4β L-Orn-D-Asp 744:763 Strain GIESS003(T) contained a peptidoglycan of type A4β L-Orn-D-Asp. 24809828 2 2 theme hemolytic 104:112 arg1 GIESS003 196:203 strain GIESS003 189:203 strain GIESS003(T) 189:206 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium was isolated and designated as strain GIESS003(T). 24809828 2 2 theme hemolytic 104:112 arg1 bacterium 148:156 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 67:156 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 67:156 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium was isolated and designated as strain GIESS003(T). 24809828 5 3 theme major 515:519 arg1 iso-C15:0 547:555 iso-C15:0 547:555 iso-C15:0 547:555 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24809828 5 3 theme major 515:519 arg1 acids 536:540 The major cellular fatty acids 511:540 The major cellular fatty acids 511:540 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24809828 9 4 theme G+C 770:772 arg1 content 774:780 The G+C content 766:780 The G+C content of genomic DNA 766:795 The G+C content of genomic DNA was 40.1 mol%. 24809828 9 4 theme G+C 770:772 arg1 % 809:809 40.1 mol% 801:809 40.1 mol% 801:809 The G+C content of genomic DNA was 40.1 mol%. 24809828 5 5 theme cellular 521:528 arg1 iso-C15:0 547:555 iso-C15:0 547:555 iso-C15:0 547:555 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24809828 5 5 theme cellular 521:528 arg1 acids 536:540 The major cellular fatty acids 511:540 The major cellular fatty acids 511:540 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24809828 11 6 theme type 1029:1032 arg1 strain 1034:1039 the type strain 1025:1039 the type strain 1025:1039 nov., is proposed, with strain GIESS003(T) (=KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106(T)) as the type strain. 24809828 8 7 theme L-Orn-D-Asp 753:763 arg1 peptidoglycan 727:739 a peptidoglycan 725:739 a peptidoglycan of type A4β L-Orn-D-Asp 725:763 Strain GIESS003(T) contained a peptidoglycan of type A4β L-Orn-D-Asp. 24809828 11 8 dep GIESS003 976:983 arg1 T 1018:1018 T 1018:1018 T 1018:1018 nov., is proposed, with strain GIESS003(T) (=KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106(T)) as the type strain. 24809828 11 8 dep GIESS003 976:983 arg1 2013106 1010:1016 =KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106 989:1016 =KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106(T) 989:1019 nov., is proposed, with strain GIESS003(T) (=KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106(T)) as the type strain. 24809828 8 9 contain contained 715:723 arg1 GIESS003 703:710 Strain GIESS003 696:710 Strain GIESS003(T) 696:713 Strain GIESS003(T) contained a peptidoglycan of type A4β L-Orn-D-Asp. 24809828 8 9 contain contained 715:723 arg2 peptidoglycan 727:739 a peptidoglycan 725:739 a peptidoglycan of type A4β L-Orn-D-Asp 725:763 Strain GIESS003(T) contained a peptidoglycan of type A4β L-Orn-D-Asp. 24809828 8 9 contain contained 715:723 arg1 T 712:712 T 712:712 T 712:712 Strain GIESS003(T) contained a peptidoglycan of type A4β L-Orn-D-Asp. 24809828 5 10 theme fatty 530:534 arg1 iso-C15:0 547:555 iso-C15:0 547:555 iso-C15:0 547:555 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24809828 5 10 theme fatty 530:534 arg1 acids 536:540 The major cellular fatty acids 511:540 The major cellular fatty acids 511:540 The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. 24809828 8 11 theme A4β 749:751 arg1 L-Orn-D-Asp 753:763 type A4β L-Orn-D-Asp 744:763 type A4β L-Orn-D-Asp 744:763 Strain GIESS003(T) contained a peptidoglycan of type A4β L-Orn-D-Asp. 24809828 4 12 theme strain 342:347 arg1 T 358:358 T 358:358 T 358:358 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain GIESS003(T) was associated with the genus Ornithinibacillus and was most closely related to the type strain of Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 % similarity). 24809828 4 12 theme strain 342:347 arg1 GIESS003 349:356 strain GIESS003 342:356 strain GIESS003(T) 342:359 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain GIESS003(T) was associated with the genus Ornithinibacillus and was most closely related to the type strain of Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 % similarity). 24809828 2 13 theme rod-shaped 137:146 arg1 GIESS003 196:203 strain GIESS003 189:203 strain GIESS003(T) 189:206 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium was isolated and designated as strain GIESS003(T). 24809828 2 13 theme rod-shaped 137:146 arg1 bacterium 148:156 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 67:156 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 67:156 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium was isolated and designated as strain GIESS003(T). 24809828 9 14 theme genomic 785:791 arg1 DNA 793:795 genomic DNA 785:795 genomic DNA 785:795 The G+C content of genomic DNA was 40.1 mol%. 24809828 4 15 theme gene 304:307 arg1 analysis 318:325 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 291:325 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 291:325 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain GIESS003(T) was associated with the genus Ornithinibacillus and was most closely related to the type strain of Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 % similarity). 24809828 2 16 theme Gram-stain-positive 75:93 arg1 GIESS003 196:203 strain GIESS003 189:203 strain GIESS003(T) 189:206 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium was isolated and designated as strain GIESS003(T). 24809828 2 16 theme Gram-stain-positive 75:93 arg1 bacterium 148:156 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 67:156 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 67:156 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium was isolated and designated as strain GIESS003(T). 24809828 0 17 theme heyuanensis 18:28 arg1 sp 30:31 Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp 0:31 Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp. 0:32 Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp. 24809828 9 18 theme DNA 793:795 arg1 content 774:780 The G+C content 766:780 The G+C content of genomic DNA 766:795 The G+C content of genomic DNA was 40.1 mol%. 24809828 9 18 theme DNA 793:795 arg1 % 809:809 40.1 mol% 801:809 40.1 mol% 801:809 The G+C content of genomic DNA was 40.1 mol%. 24809828 4 19 theme rRNA 299:302 arg1 analysis 318:325 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 291:325 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 291:325 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain GIESS003(T) was associated with the genus Ornithinibacillus and was most closely related to the type strain of Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 % similarity). 24809828 0 20 theme Ornithinibacillus 0:16 arg1 sp 30:31 Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp 0:31 Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp. 0:32 Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp. 24809828 10 21 theme new 867:869 arg1 sp 941:942 Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp 911:942 Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp 911:942 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a new species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp. 24809828 10 21 theme new 867:869 arg1 species 871:877 a new species 865:877 a new species of the genus Ornithinibacillus 865:908 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a new species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp. 24809828 9 22 theme 40.1 mol 801:808 arg1 content 774:780 The G+C content 766:780 The G+C content of genomic DNA 766:795 The G+C content of genomic DNA was 40.1 mol%. 24809828 9 22 theme 40.1 mol 801:808 arg1 % 809:809 40.1 mol% 801:809 40.1 mol% 801:809 The G+C content of genomic DNA was 40.1 mol%. 24809828 4 23 theme contaminans 478:488 arg1 strain 450:455 the type strain 441:455 the type strain of Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 % similarity) 441:508 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain GIESS003(T) was associated with the genus Ornithinibacillus and was most closely related to the type strain of Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 % similarity). 24809828 3 24 dep % 277:277 arg1 w/v 280:282 w/v 280:282 w/v 280:282 The strain grew optimally at 35 °C, at pH 7.0-7.5, and with 3.0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 24809828 4 25 theme sequence 309:316 arg1 analysis 318:325 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 291:325 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 291:325 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain GIESS003(T) was associated with the genus Ornithinibacillus and was most closely related to the type strain of Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 % similarity). 24809828 11 26 theme =CCTCC 1003:1008 arg1 T 1018:1018 T 1018:1018 T 1018:1018 nov., is proposed, with strain GIESS003(T) (=KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106(T)) as the type strain. 24809828 11 26 theme =CCTCC 1003:1008 arg1 2013106 1010:1016 =KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106 989:1016 =KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106(T) 989:1019 nov., is proposed, with strain GIESS003(T) (=KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106(T)) as the type strain. 24809828 11 27 theme 33159 995:999 arg1 T 1018:1018 T 1018:1018 T 1018:1018 nov., is proposed, with strain GIESS003(T) (=KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106(T)) as the type strain. 24809828 11 27 theme 33159 995:999 arg1 2013106 1010:1016 =KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106 989:1016 =KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106(T) 989:1019 nov., is proposed, with strain GIESS003(T) (=KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106(T)) as the type strain. 24809828 4 28 theme % 496:496 arg1 similarity 498:507 96.5 % similarity 491:507 96.5 % similarity 491:507 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain GIESS003(T) was associated with the genus Ornithinibacillus and was most closely related to the type strain of Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 % similarity). 24809828 4 28 theme % 496:496 arg1 contaminans 478:488 Ornithinibacillus contaminans 460:488 Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 % similarity) 460:508 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain GIESS003(T) was associated with the genus Ornithinibacillus and was most closely related to the type strain of Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 % similarity). 24809828 7 29 theme major 651:655 arg1 menaquinone-7 681:693 menaquinone-7 681:693 menaquinone-7 681:693 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7. 24809828 7 29 theme major 651:655 arg1 quinone 669:675 The major respiratory quinone 647:675 The major respiratory quinone 647:675 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7. 24809828 4 30 theme 96.5  491:495 arg1 % 496:496 % 496:496 % 496:496 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain GIESS003(T) was associated with the genus Ornithinibacillus and was most closely related to the type strain of Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 % similarity). 24809828 7 31 theme respiratory 657:667 arg1 menaquinone-7 681:693 menaquinone-7 681:693 menaquinone-7 681:693 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7. 24809828 7 31 theme respiratory 657:667 arg1 quinone 669:675 The major respiratory quinone 647:675 The major respiratory quinone 647:675 The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7. 24809828 10 32 theme Ornithinibacillus 892:908 arg1 sp 941:942 Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp 911:942 Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp 911:942 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a new species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp. 24809828 10 32 theme Ornithinibacillus 892:908 arg1 species 871:877 a new species 865:877 a new species of the genus Ornithinibacillus 865:908 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a new species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp. 24809828 2 33 theme motile 96:101 arg1 GIESS003 196:203 strain GIESS003 189:203 strain GIESS003(T) 189:206 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium was isolated and designated as strain GIESS003(T). 24809828 2 33 theme motile 96:101 arg1 bacterium 148:156 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 67:156 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 67:156 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium was isolated and designated as strain GIESS003(T). 24809828 4 34 theme genus 385:389 arg1 Ornithinibacillus 391:407 the genus Ornithinibacillus 381:407 the genus Ornithinibacillus 381:407 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain GIESS003(T) was associated with the genus Ornithinibacillus and was most closely related to the type strain of Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 % similarity). 24809828 10 35 theme genus 886:890 arg1 Ornithinibacillus 892:908 the genus Ornithinibacillus 882:908 the genus Ornithinibacillus 882:908 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a new species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp. 24809828 11 36 theme =KCTC 989:993 arg1 T 1018:1018 T 1018:1018 T 1018:1018 nov., is proposed, with strain GIESS003(T) (=KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106(T)) as the type strain. 24809828 11 36 theme =KCTC 989:993 arg1 2013106 1010:1016 =KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106 989:1016 =KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106(T) 989:1019 nov., is proposed, with strain GIESS003(T) (=KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106(T)) as the type strain. 24809828 4 37 theme type 445:448 arg1 strain 450:455 the type strain 441:455 the type strain of Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 % similarity) 441:508 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain GIESS003(T) was associated with the genus Ornithinibacillus and was most closely related to the type strain of Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 % similarity). 24809828 11 38 theme T 1001:1001 arg1 T 1018:1018 T 1018:1018 T 1018:1018 nov., is proposed, with strain GIESS003(T) (=KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106(T)) as the type strain. 24809828 11 38 theme T 1001:1001 arg1 2013106 1010:1016 =KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106 989:1016 =KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106(T) 989:1019 nov., is proposed, with strain GIESS003(T) (=KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106(T)) as the type strain. 24809828 4 39 theme Ornithinibacillus 460:476 arg1 similarity 498:507 96.5 % similarity 491:507 96.5 % similarity 491:507 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain GIESS003(T) was associated with the genus Ornithinibacillus and was most closely related to the type strain of Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 % similarity). 24809828 4 39 theme Ornithinibacillus 460:476 arg1 contaminans 478:488 Ornithinibacillus contaminans 460:488 Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 % similarity) 460:508 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain GIESS003(T) was associated with the genus Ornithinibacillus and was most closely related to the type strain of Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 % similarity). 24809828 3 40 theme 3.0-3.5  269:276 arg1 % 277:277 % 277:277 % 277:277 The strain grew optimally at 35 °C, at pH 7.0-7.5, and with 3.0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl. 24809828 4 41 theme 16S 295:297 arg1 rRNA 299:302 The 16S rRNA 291:302 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 291:325 The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain GIESS003(T) was associated with the genus Ornithinibacillus and was most closely related to the type strain of Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 % similarity). 24809828 2 42 theme novel 69:73 arg1 GIESS003 196:203 strain GIESS003 189:203 strain GIESS003(T) 189:206 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium was isolated and designated as strain GIESS003(T). 24809828 2 42 theme novel 69:73 arg1 bacterium 148:156 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 67:156 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 67:156 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium was isolated and designated as strain GIESS003(T). 24809828 10 43 dep species 871:877 arg1 evidence 839:846 polyphasic evidence 828:846 polyphasic evidence from this study 828:862 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a new species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp. 24809828 6 44 theme polar 580:584 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 598:619 diphosphatidylglycerol 598:619 diphosphatidylglycerol 598:619 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 24809828 6 44 theme polar 580:584 arg1 lipids 586:591 The polar lipids 576:591 The polar lipids 576:591 The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 24809828 10 45 theme heyuanensis 929:939 arg1 species 871:877 a new species 865:877 a new species of the genus Ornithinibacillus 865:908 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a new species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp. 24809828 10 45 theme heyuanensis 929:939 arg1 sp 941:942 Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp 911:942 Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp 911:942 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a new species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp. 24809828 11 46 theme strain 969:974 arg1 T 985:985 T 985:985 T 985:985 nov., is proposed, with strain GIESS003(T) (=KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106(T)) as the type strain. 24809828 11 46 theme strain 969:974 arg1 GIESS003 976:983 strain GIESS003 969:983 strain GIESS003(T) (=KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106(T)) as the type strain 969:1039 nov., is proposed, with strain GIESS003(T) (=KCTC 33159(T)=CCTCC 2013106(T)) as the type strain. 24809828 10 47 from study 858:862 arg1 evidence 839:846 polyphasic evidence 828:846 polyphasic evidence from this study 828:862 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a new species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp. 24809828 2 48 theme strain 189:194 arg1 GIESS003 196:203 strain GIESS003 189:203 strain GIESS003(T) 189:206 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium was isolated and designated as strain GIESS003(T). 24809828 2 48 theme strain 189:194 arg1 bacterium 148:156 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 67:156 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 67:156 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium was isolated and designated as strain GIESS003(T). 24809828 2 48 theme strain 189:194 arg1 T 205:205 T 205:205 T 205:205 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium was isolated and designated as strain GIESS003(T). 24809828 10 49 theme Ornithinibacillus 911:927 arg1 species 871:877 a new species 865:877 a new species of the genus Ornithinibacillus 865:908 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a new species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp. 24809828 10 49 theme Ornithinibacillus 911:927 arg1 sp 941:942 Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp 911:942 Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp 911:942 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a new species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp. 24809828 10 50 theme polyphasic 828:837 arg1 evidence 839:846 polyphasic evidence 828:846 polyphasic evidence from this study 828:862 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a new species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp. 24809828 2 51 theme endospore-forming 115:131 arg1 GIESS003 196:203 strain GIESS003 189:203 strain GIESS003(T) 189:206 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium was isolated and designated as strain GIESS003(T). 24809828 2 51 theme endospore-forming 115:131 arg1 bacterium 148:156 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 67:156 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium 67:156 A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium was isolated and designated as strain GIESS003(T). 24809828 10 52 dep evidence 839:846 arg1 basis 819:823 basis 819:823 basis 819:823 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a new species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp. 24809828 10 52 dep evidence 839:846 arg1 the 815:817 the 815:817 the 815:817 On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a new species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp. 24809828 8 53 theme Strain 696:701 arg1 GIESS003 703:710 Strain GIESS003 696:710 Strain GIESS003(T) 696:713 Strain GIESS003(T) contained a peptidoglycan of type A4β L-Orn-D-Asp. 24809828 8 53 theme Strain 696:701 arg1 T 712:712 T 712:712 T 712:712 Strain GIESS003(T) contained a peptidoglycan of type A4β L-Orn-D-Asp. 29113344 6 0 theme Chrysanthemum 930:942 arg1 polysaccharides 944:958 Chrysanthemum polysaccharides 930:958 Chrysanthemum polysaccharides 930:958 Following Chrysanthemum polysaccharides, rising Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was validated. 29113344 11 1 theme beneficial 2242:2251 arg1 growth 2270:2275 beneficial intestinal flora growth 2242:2275 beneficial intestinal flora growth 2242:2275 Thus, Chrysanthemum polysaccharides could ameliorate ulcerative colitis by fostering beneficial intestinal flora growth, modulating the balance of intestinal microecology and restoring the immune system. 29113344 4 2 theme colonic 585:591 arg1 contents 593:600 the rat colonic contents 577:600 the rat colonic contents 577:600 Based on the Illumina MiSeq platform, 16S rRNA sequencing of the rat colonic contents indicated that the intestinal flora structure remarkably changed in the model rats and the tendency was alleviated to a certain degree by treatment with different dosages of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 2 3 theme colitis 355:361 arg1 model 372:376 ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model 344:376 ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model 344:376 In this study, the effect of polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat on the gut microbiota was evaluated by ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model. 29113344 11 4 theme flora 2264:2268 arg1 growth 2270:2275 beneficial intestinal flora growth 2242:2275 beneficial intestinal flora growth 2242:2275 Thus, Chrysanthemum polysaccharides could ameliorate ulcerative colitis by fostering beneficial intestinal flora growth, modulating the balance of intestinal microecology and restoring the immune system. 29113344 7 5 theme microflora 1166:1175 arg1 composition 1140:1150 the composition 1136:1150 the composition of intestinal microflora in the model group 1136:1194 Besides the microbial diversity and the community richness of the UC rats were improved by Chrysanthemum polysaccharides, the composition of intestinal microflora in the model group were also restored after oral administration of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 2 6 theme morifolium 288:297 arg1 Ramat 299:303 Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat 274:303 Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat 274:303 In this study, the effect of polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat on the gut microbiota was evaluated by ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model. 29113344 4 7 theme model 674:678 arg1 rats 680:683 the model rats 670:683 the model rats 670:683 Based on the Illumina MiSeq platform, 16S rRNA sequencing of the rat colonic contents indicated that the intestinal flora structure remarkably changed in the model rats and the tendency was alleviated to a certain degree by treatment with different dosages of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 1 8 theme inflammatory 190:201 arg1 IBD 218:220 IBD 218:220 IBD 218:220 The gut microflora dysbiosis has been closely related with the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 29113344 1 8 theme inflammatory 190:201 arg1 disease 209:215 the inflammatory bowel disease 186:215 the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 186:221 The gut microflora dysbiosis has been closely related with the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 29113344 2 9 theme gut 312:314 arg1 microbiota 316:325 the gut microbiota 308:325 the gut microbiota 308:325 In this study, the effect of polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat on the gut microbiota was evaluated by ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model. 29113344 11 10 theme ulcerative 2210:2219 arg1 colitis 2221:2227 ulcerative colitis 2210:2227 ulcerative colitis 2210:2227 Thus, Chrysanthemum polysaccharides could ameliorate ulcerative colitis by fostering beneficial intestinal flora growth, modulating the balance of intestinal microecology and restoring the immune system. 29113344 9 11 theme relative 1684:1691 arg1 abundance 1693:1701 the relative abundance 1680:1701 the relative abundance of protective bacteria 1680:1724 Correlation analysis between intestinal flora and biochemical factors suggested that the relative abundance of protective bacteria was positively correlated with the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-11, while aggressive bacteria were positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokine such as IL-23、IL-6、 IF-17、TNF-α、IL-1β and IFN-γ. 29113344 1 12 theme microflora 135:144 arg1 dysbiosis 146:154 The gut microflora dysbiosis 127:154 The gut microflora dysbiosis 127:154 The gut microflora dysbiosis has been closely related with the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 29113344 1 12 theme microflora 135:144 arg1 related 173:179 related 173:179 related 173:179 The gut microflora dysbiosis has been closely related with the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 29113344 2 13 theme rat 368:370 arg1 model 372:376 ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model 344:376 ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model 344:376 In this study, the effect of polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat on the gut microbiota was evaluated by ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model. 29113344 8 14 theme opportunistic 1292:1304 arg1 pathogens 1306:1314 opportunistic pathogens 1292:1314 opportunistic pathogens 1292:1314 The abundance of opportunistic pathogens was decreased (Escherichia, Enterococcus and Prevotella), while the levels of protective bacteria such as Butyricicoccus and Clostridium (butyrate-producing bacteria), Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (probiotics), Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae elevated in various degrees. 29113344 6 15 theme Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes 968:991 arg1 ratio 993:997 rising Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio 961:997 rising Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio 961:997 Following Chrysanthemum polysaccharides, rising Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was validated. 29113344 9 16 theme aggressive 1836:1845 arg1 bacteria 1847:1854 aggressive bacteria 1836:1854 aggressive bacteria 1836:1854 Correlation analysis between intestinal flora and biochemical factors suggested that the relative abundance of protective bacteria was positively correlated with the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-11, while aggressive bacteria were positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokine such as IL-23、IL-6、 IF-17、TNF-α、IL-1β and IFN-γ. 29113344 4 17 with treatment 740:748 arg1 dosages 765:771 different dosages 755:771 different dosages of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides 755:804 Based on the Illumina MiSeq platform, 16S rRNA sequencing of the rat colonic contents indicated that the intestinal flora structure remarkably changed in the model rats and the tendency was alleviated to a certain degree by treatment with different dosages of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 9 18 theme cytokines 1789:1797 arg1 levels 1761:1766 the levels 1757:1766 the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-11 1757:1827 Correlation analysis between intestinal flora and biochemical factors suggested that the relative abundance of protective bacteria was positively correlated with the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-11, while aggressive bacteria were positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokine such as IL-23、IL-6、 IF-17、TNF-α、IL-1β and IFN-γ. 29113344 8 19 theme butyrate-producing 1454:1471 arg1 bacteria 1473:1480 butyrate-producing bacteria 1454:1480 butyrate-producing bacteria 1454:1480 The abundance of opportunistic pathogens was decreased (Escherichia, Enterococcus and Prevotella), while the levels of protective bacteria such as Butyricicoccus and Clostridium (butyrate-producing bacteria), Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (probiotics), Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae elevated in various degrees. 29113344 8 19 theme butyrate-producing 1454:1471 arg1 Butyricicoccus 1422:1435 Butyricicoccus 1422:1435 Butyricicoccus 1422:1435 The abundance of opportunistic pathogens was decreased (Escherichia, Enterococcus and Prevotella), while the levels of protective bacteria such as Butyricicoccus and Clostridium (butyrate-producing bacteria), Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (probiotics), Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae elevated in various degrees. 29113344 7 20 theme UC 1080:1081 arg1 rats 1083:1086 the UC rats 1076:1086 the UC rats 1076:1086 Besides the microbial diversity and the community richness of the UC rats were improved by Chrysanthemum polysaccharides, the composition of intestinal microflora in the model group were also restored after oral administration of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 2 21 from Ramat 299:303 arg1 effect 243:248 the effect 239:248 the effect of polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat on the gut microbiota 239:325 In this study, the effect of polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat on the gut microbiota was evaluated by ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model. 29113344 2 21 from Ramat 299:303 arg1 polysaccharides 253:267 polysaccharides 253:267 polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat 253:303 In this study, the effect of polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat on the gut microbiota was evaluated by ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model. 29113344 10 22 theme immune 2140:2145 arg1 function 2147:2154 immune function 2140:2154 immune function 2140:2154 The above results showed that the intestinal flora were closely related to the secretion and expression of cytokines in the body, and they interacted with each other to regulate immune function. 29113344 10 23 theme above 1966:1970 arg1 results 1972:1978 The above results 1962:1978 The above results 1962:1978 The above results showed that the intestinal flora were closely related to the secretion and expression of cytokines in the body, and they interacted with each other to regulate immune function. 29113344 9 24 theme intestinal 1624:1633 arg1 flora 1635:1639 intestinal flora 1624:1639 intestinal flora 1624:1639 Correlation analysis between intestinal flora and biochemical factors suggested that the relative abundance of protective bacteria was positively correlated with the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-11, while aggressive bacteria were positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokine such as IL-23、IL-6、 IF-17、TNF-α、IL-1β and IFN-γ. 29113344 9 25 theme proinflammatory 1888:1902 arg1 cytokine 1904:1911 proinflammatory cytokine 1888:1911 proinflammatory cytokine such as IL-23、IL-6、 IF-17、TNF-α、IL-1β and IFN-γ 1888:1959 Correlation analysis between intestinal flora and biochemical factors suggested that the relative abundance of protective bacteria was positively correlated with the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-11, while aggressive bacteria were positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokine such as IL-23、IL-6、 IF-17、TNF-α、IL-1β and IFN-γ. 29113344 7 26 from group 1190:1194 arg1 composition 1140:1150 the composition 1136:1150 the composition of intestinal microflora in the model group 1136:1194 Besides the microbial diversity and the community richness of the UC rats were improved by Chrysanthemum polysaccharides, the composition of intestinal microflora in the model group were also restored after oral administration of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 8 27 theme protective 1394:1403 arg1 Bifidobacterium 1502:1516 Bifidobacterium 1502:1516 Bifidobacterium (probiotics) 1502:1529 The abundance of opportunistic pathogens was decreased (Escherichia, Enterococcus and Prevotella), while the levels of protective bacteria such as Butyricicoccus and Clostridium (butyrate-producing bacteria), Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (probiotics), Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae elevated in various degrees. 29113344 8 27 theme protective 1394:1403 arg1 bacteria 1405:1412 protective bacteria 1394:1412 protective bacteria such as Butyricicoccus and Clostridium (butyrate-producing bacteria), Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (probiotics), Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae 1394:1564 The abundance of opportunistic pathogens was decreased (Escherichia, Enterococcus and Prevotella), while the levels of protective bacteria such as Butyricicoccus and Clostridium (butyrate-producing bacteria), Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (probiotics), Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae elevated in various degrees. 29113344 8 27 theme protective 1394:1403 arg1 Lactobacillus 1484:1496 Lactobacillus 1484:1496 Lactobacillus 1484:1496 The abundance of opportunistic pathogens was decreased (Escherichia, Enterococcus and Prevotella), while the levels of protective bacteria such as Butyricicoccus and Clostridium (butyrate-producing bacteria), Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (probiotics), Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae elevated in various degrees. 29113344 8 27 theme protective 1394:1403 arg1 Butyricicoccus 1422:1435 Butyricicoccus 1422:1435 Butyricicoccus 1422:1435 The abundance of opportunistic pathogens was decreased (Escherichia, Enterococcus and Prevotella), while the levels of protective bacteria such as Butyricicoccus and Clostridium (butyrate-producing bacteria), Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (probiotics), Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae elevated in various degrees. 29113344 8 27 theme protective 1394:1403 arg1 Clostridium 1441:1451 Clostridium 1441:1451 Clostridium 1441:1451 The abundance of opportunistic pathogens was decreased (Escherichia, Enterococcus and Prevotella), while the levels of protective bacteria such as Butyricicoccus and Clostridium (butyrate-producing bacteria), Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (probiotics), Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae elevated in various degrees. 29113344 3 28 contain possessed 464:472 arg1 polysaccharides 448:462 Chrysanthemum polysaccharides 434:462 Chrysanthemum polysaccharides 434:462 Physiological and pathological analyses suggested that Chrysanthemum polysaccharides possessed notably protective effects on UC in vivo. 29113344 3 28 contain possessed 464:472 arg2 effects 493:499 notably protective effects 474:499 notably protective effects on UC 474:505 Physiological and pathological analyses suggested that Chrysanthemum polysaccharides possessed notably protective effects on UC in vivo. 29113344 0 29 theme microbiota 105:114 arg1 community 116:124 the intestinal microbiota community 90:124 the intestinal microbiota community 90:124 Polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat ameliorate colitis rats by modulating the intestinal microbiota community. 29113344 9 30 theme IL-23、IL-6、 1921:1931 arg1 IF-17、TNF-α、IL-1β 1933:1949 IL-23、IL-6、 IF-17、TNF-α、IL-1β 1921:1949 IL-23、IL-6、 IF-17、TNF-α、IL-1β 1921:1949 Correlation analysis between intestinal flora and biochemical factors suggested that the relative abundance of protective bacteria was positively correlated with the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-11, while aggressive bacteria were positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokine such as IL-23、IL-6、 IF-17、TNF-α、IL-1β and IFN-γ. 29113344 4 31 theme polysaccharides 790:804 arg1 dosages 765:771 different dosages 755:771 different dosages of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides 755:804 Based on the Illumina MiSeq platform, 16S rRNA sequencing of the rat colonic contents indicated that the intestinal flora structure remarkably changed in the model rats and the tendency was alleviated to a certain degree by treatment with different dosages of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 7 32 theme Chrysanthemum 1244:1256 arg1 polysaccharides 1258:1272 Chrysanthemum polysaccharides 1244:1272 Chrysanthemum polysaccharides 1244:1272 Besides the microbial diversity and the community richness of the UC rats were improved by Chrysanthemum polysaccharides, the composition of intestinal microflora in the model group were also restored after oral administration of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 0 33 from Ramat 46:50 arg1 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat 0:50 Polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat ameliorate colitis rats by modulating the intestinal microbiota community. 29113344 8 34 dep decreased 1320:1328 arg1 Prevotella 1361:1370 Prevotella 1361:1370 Prevotella 1361:1370 The abundance of opportunistic pathogens was decreased (Escherichia, Enterococcus and Prevotella), while the levels of protective bacteria such as Butyricicoccus and Clostridium (butyrate-producing bacteria), Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (probiotics), Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae elevated in various degrees. 29113344 8 34 dep decreased 1320:1328 arg1 Enterococcus 1344:1355 Enterococcus 1344:1355 Enterococcus 1344:1355 The abundance of opportunistic pathogens was decreased (Escherichia, Enterococcus and Prevotella), while the levels of protective bacteria such as Butyricicoccus and Clostridium (butyrate-producing bacteria), Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (probiotics), Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae elevated in various degrees. 29113344 8 34 dep decreased 1320:1328 arg1 Escherichia 1331:1341 Escherichia 1331:1341 Escherichia 1331:1341 The abundance of opportunistic pathogens was decreased (Escherichia, Enterococcus and Prevotella), while the levels of protective bacteria such as Butyricicoccus and Clostridium (butyrate-producing bacteria), Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (probiotics), Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae elevated in various degrees. 29113344 2 35 from effect 243:248 arg1 Ramat 299:303 Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat 274:303 Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat 274:303 In this study, the effect of polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat on the gut microbiota was evaluated by ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model. 29113344 2 35 from effect 243:248 arg1 microbiota 316:325 the gut microbiota 308:325 the gut microbiota 308:325 In this study, the effect of polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat on the gut microbiota was evaluated by ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model. 29113344 11 36 theme microecology 2315:2326 arg1 balance 2293:2299 the balance 2289:2299 the balance of intestinal microecology 2289:2326 Thus, Chrysanthemum polysaccharides could ameliorate ulcerative colitis by fostering beneficial intestinal flora growth, modulating the balance of intestinal microecology and restoring the immune system. 29113344 4 37 theme rRNA 558:561 arg1 sequencing 563:572 16S rRNA sequencing 554:572 16S rRNA sequencing of the rat colonic contents 554:600 Based on the Illumina MiSeq platform, 16S rRNA sequencing of the rat colonic contents indicated that the intestinal flora structure remarkably changed in the model rats and the tendency was alleviated to a certain degree by treatment with different dosages of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 4 38 theme different 755:763 arg1 dosages 765:771 different dosages 755:771 different dosages of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides 755:804 Based on the Illumina MiSeq platform, 16S rRNA sequencing of the rat colonic contents indicated that the intestinal flora structure remarkably changed in the model rats and the tendency was alleviated to a certain degree by treatment with different dosages of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 0 39 theme Chrysanthemum 21:33 arg1 Ramat 46:50 Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat 21:50 Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat 21:50 Polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat ameliorate colitis rats by modulating the intestinal microbiota community. 29113344 9 40 theme bacteria 1717:1724 arg1 abundance 1693:1701 the relative abundance 1680:1701 the relative abundance of protective bacteria 1680:1724 Correlation analysis between intestinal flora and biochemical factors suggested that the relative abundance of protective bacteria was positively correlated with the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-11, while aggressive bacteria were positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokine such as IL-23、IL-6、 IF-17、TNF-α、IL-1β and IFN-γ. 29113344 11 41 theme immune 2346:2351 arg1 system 2353:2358 the immune system 2342:2358 the immune system 2342:2358 Thus, Chrysanthemum polysaccharides could ameliorate ulcerative colitis by fostering beneficial intestinal flora growth, modulating the balance of intestinal microecology and restoring the immune system. 29113344 7 42 from microflora 1166:1175 arg1 group 1190:1194 the model group 1180:1194 the model group 1180:1194 Besides the microbial diversity and the community richness of the UC rats were improved by Chrysanthemum polysaccharides, the composition of intestinal microflora in the model group were also restored after oral administration of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 2 43 theme ulcerative 344:353 arg1 UC 364:365 UC 364:365 UC 364:365 In this study, the effect of polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat on the gut microbiota was evaluated by ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model. 29113344 2 43 theme ulcerative 344:353 arg1 colitis 355:361 ulcerative colitis 344:361 ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model 344:376 In this study, the effect of polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat on the gut microbiota was evaluated by ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model. 29113344 0 44 theme colitis 63:69 arg1 rats 71:74 colitis rats 63:74 colitis rats 63:74 Polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat ameliorate colitis rats by modulating the intestinal microbiota community. 29113344 5 45 theme more 836:839 arg1 Firmicutes 841:850 more Firmicutes 836:850 more Firmicutes 836:850 In normal groups, there were more Firmicutes than Bacteroidetes, but this change lost at the pathological state. 29113344 7 46 theme model 1184:1188 arg1 group 1190:1194 the model group 1180:1194 the model group 1180:1194 Besides the microbial diversity and the community richness of the UC rats were improved by Chrysanthemum polysaccharides, the composition of intestinal microflora in the model group were also restored after oral administration of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 4 47 theme MiSeq 538:542 arg1 platform 544:551 the Illumina MiSeq platform 525:551 the Illumina MiSeq platform 525:551 Based on the Illumina MiSeq platform, 16S rRNA sequencing of the rat colonic contents indicated that the intestinal flora structure remarkably changed in the model rats and the tendency was alleviated to a certain degree by treatment with different dosages of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 9 48 theme anti-inflammatory 1771:1787 arg1 cytokines 1789:1797 anti-inflammatory cytokines 1771:1797 anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-11 1771:1827 Correlation analysis between intestinal flora and biochemical factors suggested that the relative abundance of protective bacteria was positively correlated with the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-11, while aggressive bacteria were positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokine such as IL-23、IL-6、 IF-17、TNF-α、IL-1β and IFN-γ. 29113344 9 48 theme anti-inflammatory 1771:1787 arg1 IL-4 1807:1810 IL-4 1807:1810 IL-4 1807:1810 Correlation analysis between intestinal flora and biochemical factors suggested that the relative abundance of protective bacteria was positively correlated with the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-11, while aggressive bacteria were positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokine such as IL-23、IL-6、 IF-17、TNF-α、IL-1β and IFN-γ. 29113344 9 48 theme anti-inflammatory 1771:1787 arg1 IL-11 1823:1827 IL-11 1823:1827 IL-11 1823:1827 Correlation analysis between intestinal flora and biochemical factors suggested that the relative abundance of protective bacteria was positively correlated with the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-11, while aggressive bacteria were positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokine such as IL-23、IL-6、 IF-17、TNF-α、IL-1β and IFN-γ. 29113344 9 48 theme anti-inflammatory 1771:1787 arg1 IL-10 1813:1817 IL-10 1813:1817 IL-10 1813:1817 Correlation analysis between intestinal flora and biochemical factors suggested that the relative abundance of protective bacteria was positively correlated with the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-11, while aggressive bacteria were positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokine such as IL-23、IL-6、 IF-17、TNF-α、IL-1β and IFN-γ. 29113344 4 49 theme rat 581:583 arg1 contents 593:600 the rat colonic contents 577:600 the rat colonic contents 577:600 Based on the Illumina MiSeq platform, 16S rRNA sequencing of the rat colonic contents indicated that the intestinal flora structure remarkably changed in the model rats and the tendency was alleviated to a certain degree by treatment with different dosages of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 7 50 theme intestinal 1155:1164 arg1 microflora 1166:1175 intestinal microflora 1155:1175 intestinal microflora in the model group 1155:1194 Besides the microbial diversity and the community richness of the UC rats were improved by Chrysanthemum polysaccharides, the composition of intestinal microflora in the model group were also restored after oral administration of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 4 51 theme contents 593:600 arg1 sequencing 563:572 16S rRNA sequencing 554:572 16S rRNA sequencing of the rat colonic contents 554:600 Based on the Illumina MiSeq platform, 16S rRNA sequencing of the rat colonic contents indicated that the intestinal flora structure remarkably changed in the model rats and the tendency was alleviated to a certain degree by treatment with different dosages of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 2 52 theme Chrysanthemum 274:286 arg1 Ramat 299:303 Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat 274:303 Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat 274:303 In this study, the effect of polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat on the gut microbiota was evaluated by ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model. 29113344 11 53 theme intestinal 2304:2313 arg1 microecology 2315:2326 intestinal microecology 2304:2326 intestinal microecology 2304:2326 Thus, Chrysanthemum polysaccharides could ameliorate ulcerative colitis by fostering beneficial intestinal flora growth, modulating the balance of intestinal microecology and restoring the immune system. 29113344 8 54 theme pathogens 1306:1314 arg1 abundance 1279:1287 The abundance 1275:1287 The abundance of opportunistic pathogens 1275:1314 The abundance of opportunistic pathogens was decreased (Escherichia, Enterococcus and Prevotella), while the levels of protective bacteria such as Butyricicoccus and Clostridium (butyrate-producing bacteria), Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (probiotics), Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae elevated in various degrees. 29113344 10 55 theme cytokines 2069:2077 arg1 expression 2055:2064 expression 2055:2064 expression 2055:2064 The above results showed that the intestinal flora were closely related to the secretion and expression of cytokines in the body, and they interacted with each other to regulate immune function. 29113344 10 55 theme cytokines 2069:2077 arg1 secretion 2041:2049 secretion 2041:2049 secretion 2041:2049 The above results showed that the intestinal flora were closely related to the secretion and expression of cytokines in the body, and they interacted with each other to regulate immune function. 29113344 11 56 theme Chrysanthemum 2163:2175 arg1 polysaccharides 2177:2191 Chrysanthemum polysaccharides 2163:2191 Chrysanthemum polysaccharides 2163:2191 Thus, Chrysanthemum polysaccharides could ameliorate ulcerative colitis by fostering beneficial intestinal flora growth, modulating the balance of intestinal microecology and restoring the immune system. 29113344 1 57 theme bowel 203:207 arg1 IBD 218:220 IBD 218:220 IBD 218:220 The gut microflora dysbiosis has been closely related with the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 29113344 1 57 theme bowel 203:207 arg1 disease 209:215 the inflammatory bowel disease 186:215 the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 186:221 The gut microflora dysbiosis has been closely related with the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 29113344 10 58 from secretion 2041:2049 arg1 body 2086:2089 the body 2082:2089 the body 2082:2089 The above results showed that the intestinal flora were closely related to the secretion and expression of cytokines in the body, and they interacted with each other to regulate immune function. 29113344 7 59 theme Chrysanthemum 1105:1117 arg1 polysaccharides 1119:1133 Chrysanthemum polysaccharides 1105:1133 Chrysanthemum polysaccharides 1105:1133 Besides the microbial diversity and the community richness of the UC rats were improved by Chrysanthemum polysaccharides, the composition of intestinal microflora in the model group were also restored after oral administration of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 10 60 from expression 2055:2064 arg1 body 2086:2089 the body 2082:2089 the body 2082:2089 The above results showed that the intestinal flora were closely related to the secretion and expression of cytokines in the body, and they interacted with each other to regulate immune function. 29113344 7 61 theme rats 1083:1086 arg1 diversity 1036:1044 the microbial diversity 1022:1044 the microbial diversity 1022:1044 Besides the microbial diversity and the community richness of the UC rats were improved by Chrysanthemum polysaccharides, the composition of intestinal microflora in the model group were also restored after oral administration of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 7 61 theme rats 1083:1086 arg1 richness 1064:1071 the community richness 1050:1071 the community richness of the UC rats 1050:1086 Besides the microbial diversity and the community richness of the UC rats were improved by Chrysanthemum polysaccharides, the composition of intestinal microflora in the model group were also restored after oral administration of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 1 62 theme gut 131:133 arg1 dysbiosis 146:154 The gut microflora dysbiosis 127:154 The gut microflora dysbiosis 127:154 The gut microflora dysbiosis has been closely related with the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 29113344 1 62 theme gut 131:133 arg1 related 173:179 related 173:179 related 173:179 The gut microflora dysbiosis has been closely related with the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 29113344 6 63 theme rising 961:966 arg1 ratio 993:997 rising Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio 961:997 rising Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio 961:997 Following Chrysanthemum polysaccharides, rising Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was validated. 29113344 11 64 theme intestinal 2253:2262 arg1 growth 2270:2275 beneficial intestinal flora growth 2242:2275 beneficial intestinal flora growth 2242:2275 Thus, Chrysanthemum polysaccharides could ameliorate ulcerative colitis by fostering beneficial intestinal flora growth, modulating the balance of intestinal microecology and restoring the immune system. 29113344 2 65 theme polysaccharides 253:267 arg1 effect 243:248 the effect 239:248 the effect of polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat on the gut microbiota 239:325 In this study, the effect of polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat on the gut microbiota was evaluated by ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model. 29113344 7 66 theme community 1054:1062 arg1 richness 1064:1071 the community richness 1050:1071 the community richness of the UC rats 1050:1086 Besides the microbial diversity and the community richness of the UC rats were improved by Chrysanthemum polysaccharides, the composition of intestinal microflora in the model group were also restored after oral administration of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 9 67 theme Correlation 1595:1605 arg1 analysis 1607:1614 Correlation analysis 1595:1614 Correlation analysis between intestinal flora 1595:1639 Correlation analysis between intestinal flora and biochemical factors suggested that the relative abundance of protective bacteria was positively correlated with the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-11, while aggressive bacteria were positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokine such as IL-23、IL-6、 IF-17、TNF-α、IL-1β and IFN-γ. 29113344 8 68 theme various 1578:1584 arg1 degrees 1586:1592 various degrees 1578:1592 various degrees 1578:1592 The abundance of opportunistic pathogens was decreased (Escherichia, Enterococcus and Prevotella), while the levels of protective bacteria such as Butyricicoccus and Clostridium (butyrate-producing bacteria), Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (probiotics), Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae elevated in various degrees. 29113344 4 69 theme certain 722:728 arg1 degree 730:735 a certain degree 720:735 a certain degree 720:735 Based on the Illumina MiSeq platform, 16S rRNA sequencing of the rat colonic contents indicated that the intestinal flora structure remarkably changed in the model rats and the tendency was alleviated to a certain degree by treatment with different dosages of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 0 70 theme intestinal 94:103 arg1 community 116:124 the intestinal microbiota community 90:124 the intestinal microbiota community 90:124 Polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat ameliorate colitis rats by modulating the intestinal microbiota community. 29113344 1 71 with related 173:179 arg1 IBD 218:220 IBD 218:220 IBD 218:220 The gut microflora dysbiosis has been closely related with the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 29113344 1 71 with related 173:179 arg1 disease 209:215 the inflammatory bowel disease 186:215 the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 186:221 The gut microflora dysbiosis has been closely related with the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 29113344 7 72 theme microbial 1026:1034 arg1 diversity 1036:1044 the microbial diversity 1022:1044 the microbial diversity 1022:1044 Besides the microbial diversity and the community richness of the UC rats were improved by Chrysanthemum polysaccharides, the composition of intestinal microflora in the model group were also restored after oral administration of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 5 73 theme pathological 900:911 arg1 state 913:917 the pathological state 896:917 the pathological state 896:917 In normal groups, there were more Firmicutes than Bacteroidetes, but this change lost at the pathological state. 29113344 4 74 theme Illumina 529:536 arg1 platform 544:551 the Illumina MiSeq platform 525:551 the Illumina MiSeq platform 525:551 Based on the Illumina MiSeq platform, 16S rRNA sequencing of the rat colonic contents indicated that the intestinal flora structure remarkably changed in the model rats and the tendency was alleviated to a certain degree by treatment with different dosages of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 7 75 theme polysaccharides 1258:1272 arg1 administration 1226:1239 oral administration 1221:1239 oral administration of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides 1221:1272 Besides the microbial diversity and the community richness of the UC rats were improved by Chrysanthemum polysaccharides, the composition of intestinal microflora in the model group were also restored after oral administration of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 9 76 theme biochemical 1645:1655 arg1 factors 1657:1663 biochemical factors 1645:1663 biochemical factors 1645:1663 Correlation analysis between intestinal flora and biochemical factors suggested that the relative abundance of protective bacteria was positively correlated with the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-11, while aggressive bacteria were positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokine such as IL-23、IL-6、 IF-17、TNF-α、IL-1β and IFN-γ. 29113344 8 77 theme bacteria 1405:1412 arg1 levels 1384:1389 the levels 1380:1389 the levels of protective bacteria such as Butyricicoccus and Clostridium (butyrate-producing bacteria), Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (probiotics), Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae 1380:1564 The abundance of opportunistic pathogens was decreased (Escherichia, Enterococcus and Prevotella), while the levels of protective bacteria such as Butyricicoccus and Clostridium (butyrate-producing bacteria), Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (probiotics), Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae elevated in various degrees. 29113344 4 78 theme Chrysanthemum 776:788 arg1 polysaccharides 790:804 Chrysanthemum polysaccharides 776:804 Chrysanthemum polysaccharides 776:804 Based on the Illumina MiSeq platform, 16S rRNA sequencing of the rat colonic contents indicated that the intestinal flora structure remarkably changed in the model rats and the tendency was alleviated to a certain degree by treatment with different dosages of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 7 79 theme oral 1221:1224 arg1 administration 1226:1239 oral administration 1221:1239 oral administration of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides 1221:1272 Besides the microbial diversity and the community richness of the UC rats were improved by Chrysanthemum polysaccharides, the composition of intestinal microflora in the model group were also restored after oral administration of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 3 80 theme Physiological 379:391 arg1 analyses 410:417 Physiological and pathological analyses 379:417 Physiological and pathological analyses 379:417 Physiological and pathological analyses suggested that Chrysanthemum polysaccharides possessed notably protective effects on UC in vivo. 29113344 3 81 theme Chrysanthemum 434:446 arg1 polysaccharides 448:462 Chrysanthemum polysaccharides 434:462 Chrysanthemum polysaccharides 434:462 Physiological and pathological analyses suggested that Chrysanthemum polysaccharides possessed notably protective effects on UC in vivo. 29113344 0 82 theme morifolium 35:44 arg1 Ramat 46:50 Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat 21:50 Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat 21:50 Polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat ameliorate colitis rats by modulating the intestinal microbiota community. 29113344 7 83 from composition 1140:1150 arg1 group 1190:1194 the model group 1180:1194 the model group 1180:1194 Besides the microbial diversity and the community richness of the UC rats were improved by Chrysanthemum polysaccharides, the composition of intestinal microflora in the model group were also restored after oral administration of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 9 84 theme protective 1706:1715 arg1 bacteria 1717:1724 protective bacteria 1706:1724 protective bacteria 1706:1724 Correlation analysis between intestinal flora and biochemical factors suggested that the relative abundance of protective bacteria was positively correlated with the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-11, while aggressive bacteria were positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokine such as IL-23、IL-6、 IF-17、TNF-α、IL-1β and IFN-γ. 29113344 10 85 theme intestinal 1996:2005 arg1 flora 2007:2011 the intestinal flora 1992:2011 the intestinal flora 1992:2011 The above results showed that the intestinal flora were closely related to the secretion and expression of cytokines in the body, and they interacted with each other to regulate immune function. 29113344 10 85 theme intestinal 1996:2005 arg1 related 2026:2032 related 2026:2032 related 2026:2032 The above results showed that the intestinal flora were closely related to the secretion and expression of cytokines in the body, and they interacted with each other to regulate immune function. 29113344 3 86 theme protective 482:491 arg1 effects 493:499 notably protective effects 474:499 notably protective effects on UC 474:505 Physiological and pathological analyses suggested that Chrysanthemum polysaccharides possessed notably protective effects on UC in vivo. 29113344 5 87 theme normal 810:815 arg1 groups 817:822 normal groups 810:822 normal groups 810:822 In normal groups, there were more Firmicutes than Bacteroidetes, but this change lost at the pathological state. 29113344 3 88 theme pathological 397:408 arg1 analyses 410:417 Physiological and pathological analyses 379:417 Physiological and pathological analyses 379:417 Physiological and pathological analyses suggested that Chrysanthemum polysaccharides possessed notably protective effects on UC in vivo. 29113344 4 89 theme 16S 554:556 arg1 sequencing 563:572 16S rRNA sequencing 554:572 16S rRNA sequencing of the rat colonic contents 554:600 Based on the Illumina MiSeq platform, 16S rRNA sequencing of the rat colonic contents indicated that the intestinal flora structure remarkably changed in the model rats and the tendency was alleviated to a certain degree by treatment with different dosages of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 3 90 from effects 493:499 arg1 UC 504:505 UC 504:505 UC 504:505 Physiological and pathological analyses suggested that Chrysanthemum polysaccharides possessed notably protective effects on UC in vivo. 29113344 4 91 theme flora 632:636 arg1 structure 638:646 the intestinal flora structure 617:646 the intestinal flora structure 617:646 Based on the Illumina MiSeq platform, 16S rRNA sequencing of the rat colonic contents indicated that the intestinal flora structure remarkably changed in the model rats and the tendency was alleviated to a certain degree by treatment with different dosages of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 29113344 4 92 theme intestinal 621:630 arg1 structure 638:646 the intestinal flora structure 617:646 the intestinal flora structure 617:646 Based on the Illumina MiSeq platform, 16S rRNA sequencing of the rat colonic contents indicated that the intestinal flora structure remarkably changed in the model rats and the tendency was alleviated to a certain degree by treatment with different dosages of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. 27815211 8 0 theme 3T3L1 932:936 arg1 cells 938:942 3T3L1 cells 932:942 3T3L1 cells 932:942 In 3T3L1 cells, overexpression of PPP1R3G leads to increases of both glycogen and triglyceride levels. 27815211 8 1 theme glycogen 998:1005 arg1 increases 980:988 increases 980:988 increases of both glycogen and triglyceride levels 980:1029 In 3T3L1 cells, overexpression of PPP1R3G leads to increases of both glycogen and triglyceride levels. 27815211 1 2 from body 164:167 arg1 Glycogen 93:100 Glycogen 93:100 Glycogen 93:100 Glycogen and triglyceride are two major forms of energy storage in the body and provide the fuel during different phases of food deprivation. 27815211 1 2 from body 164:167 arg1 forms 133:137 two major forms 123:137 two major forms of energy storage in the body 123:167 Glycogen and triglyceride are two major forms of energy storage in the body and provide the fuel during different phases of food deprivation. 27815211 1 2 from body 164:167 arg1 triglyceride 106:117 triglyceride 106:117 triglyceride 106:117 Glycogen and triglyceride are two major forms of energy storage in the body and provide the fuel during different phases of food deprivation. 27815211 1 3 theme storage 149:155 arg1 Glycogen 93:100 Glycogen 93:100 Glycogen 93:100 Glycogen and triglyceride are two major forms of energy storage in the body and provide the fuel during different phases of food deprivation. 27815211 1 3 theme storage 149:155 arg1 forms 133:137 two major forms 123:137 two major forms of energy storage in the body 123:167 Glycogen and triglyceride are two major forms of energy storage in the body and provide the fuel during different phases of food deprivation. 27815211 1 3 theme storage 149:155 arg1 triglyceride 106:117 triglyceride 106:117 triglyceride 106:117 Glycogen and triglyceride are two major forms of energy storage in the body and provide the fuel during different phases of food deprivation. 27815211 10 4 theme important 1227:1235 arg1 PPP1R3G 1213:1219 PPP1R3G 1213:1219 PPP1R3G 1213:1219 Our study also suggests that PPP1R3G is an important player that links glycogen metabolism to lipid metabolism in vivo. 27815211 10 4 theme important 1227:1235 arg1 player 1237:1242 an important player 1224:1242 an important player that links glycogen metabolism to lipid metabolism in vivo 1224:1301 Our study also suggests that PPP1R3G is an important player that links glycogen metabolism to lipid metabolism in vivo. 27815211 1 5 from storage 149:155 arg1 body 164:167 the body 160:167 the body 160:167 Glycogen and triglyceride are two major forms of energy storage in the body and provide the fuel during different phases of food deprivation. 27815211 4 6 theme fat 554:556 arg1 composition 558:568 fat composition 554:568 fat composition 554:568 Upon feeding with high-fat diet, the body weight and fat composition are significantly reduced in the PPP1R3G-/- mice compared to the wild type controls. 27815211 5 7 dep rate 669:672 arg1 measured 689:696 measured 689:696 measured by O2 consumption and CO2 production 689:733 The metabolic rate of the mice as measured by O2 consumption and CO2 production is accelerated by PPP1R3G deletion. 27815211 8 8 theme triglyceride 1011:1022 arg1 increases 980:988 increases 980:988 increases of both glycogen and triglyceride levels 980:1029 In 3T3L1 cells, overexpression of PPP1R3G leads to increases of both glycogen and triglyceride levels. 27815211 6 9 theme diet-induced 784:795 arg1 steatosis 803:811 The high-fat diet-induced liver steatosis 771:811 The high-fat diet-induced liver steatosis 771:811 The high-fat diet-induced liver steatosis is also slightly relieved by PPP1R3G deletion. 27815211 3 10 with model 371:375 arg1 deletion 393:400 whole-body deletion 382:400 whole-body deletion of PPP1R3G, a glycogen-targeting subunit of protein phosphatase-1 required for glycogen synthesis 382:498 We generated a mouse model with whole-body deletion of PPP1R3G, a glycogen-targeting subunit of protein phosphatase-1 required for glycogen synthesis. 27815211 2 11 from deposition 285:294 arg1 tissue 307:312 adipose tissue 299:312 adipose tissue 299:312 However, how glycogen metabolism is linked to fat deposition in adipose tissue has not been clearly characterized. 27815211 9 12 from accumulation 1109:1120 arg1 tissue 1133:1138 adipose tissue 1125:1138 adipose tissue 1125:1138 In conclusion, our study indicates that glycogen is actively involved in fat accumulation in adipose tissue and obesity development upon high-fat diet. 27815211 9 12 from accumulation 1109:1120 arg1 development 1152:1162 obesity development 1144:1162 obesity development 1144:1162 In conclusion, our study indicates that glycogen is actively involved in fat accumulation in adipose tissue and obesity development upon high-fat diet. 27815211 6 13 theme high-fat 775:782 arg1 steatosis 803:811 The high-fat diet-induced liver steatosis 771:811 The high-fat diet-induced liver steatosis 771:811 The high-fat diet-induced liver steatosis is also slightly relieved by PPP1R3G deletion. 27815211 8 14 dep glycogen 998:1005 arg1 levels 1024:1029 levels 1024:1029 levels 1024:1029 In 3T3L1 cells, overexpression of PPP1R3G leads to increases of both glycogen and triglyceride levels. 27815211 9 15 theme high-fat 1169:1176 arg1 diet 1178:1181 high-fat diet 1169:1181 high-fat diet 1169:1181 In conclusion, our study indicates that glycogen is actively involved in fat accumulation in adipose tissue and obesity development upon high-fat diet. 27815211 10 16 theme glycogen 1255:1262 arg1 metabolism 1264:1273 glycogen metabolism 1255:1273 glycogen metabolism 1255:1273 Our study also suggests that PPP1R3G is an important player that links glycogen metabolism to lipid metabolism in vivo. 27815211 4 17 theme type 640:643 arg1 controls 645:652 the wild type controls 631:652 the wild type controls 631:652 Upon feeding with high-fat diet, the body weight and fat composition are significantly reduced in the PPP1R3G-/- mice compared to the wild type controls. 27815211 7 18 theme PPP1R3G 911:917 arg1 deletion 919:926 PPP1R3G deletion 911:926 PPP1R3G deletion 911:926 The glycogen level in adipose tissue is reduced by PPP1R3G deletion. 27815211 2 19 theme glycogen 248:255 arg1 metabolism 257:266 glycogen metabolism 248:266 glycogen metabolism 248:266 However, how glycogen metabolism is linked to fat deposition in adipose tissue has not been clearly characterized. 27815211 4 20 theme wild 635:638 arg1 controls 645:652 the wild type controls 631:652 the wild type controls 631:652 Upon feeding with high-fat diet, the body weight and fat composition are significantly reduced in the PPP1R3G-/- mice compared to the wild type controls. 27815211 10 21 attach links 1249:1253 arg2 player 1237:1242 an important player 1224:1242 an important player that links glycogen metabolism to lipid metabolism in vivo 1224:1301 Our study also suggests that PPP1R3G is an important player that links glycogen metabolism to lipid metabolism in vivo. 27815211 10 21 attach links 1249:1253 arg2 PPP1R3G 1213:1219 PPP1R3G 1213:1219 PPP1R3G 1213:1219 Our study also suggests that PPP1R3G is an important player that links glycogen metabolism to lipid metabolism in vivo. 27815211 10 21 attach links 1249:1253 arg1 metabolism 1284:1293 lipid metabolism in vivo 1278:1301 lipid metabolism in vivo 1278:1301 Our study also suggests that PPP1R3G is an important player that links glycogen metabolism to lipid metabolism in vivo. 27815211 1 22 from forms 133:137 arg1 body 164:167 the body 160:167 the body 160:167 Glycogen and triglyceride are two major forms of energy storage in the body and provide the fuel during different phases of food deprivation. 27815211 3 23 theme mouse 365:369 arg1 model 371:375 a mouse model 363:375 a mouse model with whole-body deletion of PPP1R3G, a glycogen-targeting subunit of protein phosphatase-1 required for glycogen synthesis 363:498 We generated a mouse model with whole-body deletion of PPP1R3G, a glycogen-targeting subunit of protein phosphatase-1 required for glycogen synthesis. 27815211 4 24 theme body 538:541 arg1 weight 543:548 the body weight 534:548 the body weight 534:548 Upon feeding with high-fat diet, the body weight and fat composition are significantly reduced in the PPP1R3G-/- mice compared to the wild type controls. 27815211 3 25 theme PPP1R3G 405:411 arg1 deletion 393:400 whole-body deletion 382:400 whole-body deletion of PPP1R3G, a glycogen-targeting subunit of protein phosphatase-1 required for glycogen synthesis 382:498 We generated a mouse model with whole-body deletion of PPP1R3G, a glycogen-targeting subunit of protein phosphatase-1 required for glycogen synthesis. 27815211 2 26 theme fat 281:283 arg1 deposition 285:294 fat deposition 281:294 fat deposition in adipose tissue 281:312 However, how glycogen metabolism is linked to fat deposition in adipose tissue has not been clearly characterized. 27815211 6 27 theme liver 797:801 arg1 steatosis 803:811 The high-fat diet-induced liver steatosis 771:811 The high-fat diet-induced liver steatosis 771:811 The high-fat diet-induced liver steatosis is also slightly relieved by PPP1R3G deletion. 27815211 0 28 theme PPP1R3G 12:18 arg1 Ablation 0:7 Ablation 0:7 Ablation of PPP1R3G 0:18 Ablation of PPP1R3G reduces glycogen deposition and mitigates high-fat diet induced obesity. 27815211 5 29 theme mice 681:684 arg1 rate 669:672 The metabolic rate 655:672 The metabolic rate of the mice as measured by O2 consumption and CO2 production 655:733 The metabolic rate of the mice as measured by O2 consumption and CO2 production is accelerated by PPP1R3G deletion. 27815211 10 30 theme lipid 1278:1282 arg1 metabolism 1284:1293 lipid metabolism in vivo 1278:1301 lipid metabolism in vivo 1278:1301 Our study also suggests that PPP1R3G is an important player that links glycogen metabolism to lipid metabolism in vivo. 27815211 3 31 theme protein 446:452 arg1 phosphatase-1 454:466 protein phosphatase-1 446:466 protein phosphatase-1 required for glycogen synthesis 446:498 We generated a mouse model with whole-body deletion of PPP1R3G, a glycogen-targeting subunit of protein phosphatase-1 required for glycogen synthesis. 27815211 3 32 theme whole-body 382:391 arg1 deletion 393:400 whole-body deletion 382:400 whole-body deletion of PPP1R3G, a glycogen-targeting subunit of protein phosphatase-1 required for glycogen synthesis 382:498 We generated a mouse model with whole-body deletion of PPP1R3G, a glycogen-targeting subunit of protein phosphatase-1 required for glycogen synthesis. 27815211 6 33 theme PPP1R3G 842:848 arg1 deletion 850:857 PPP1R3G deletion 842:857 PPP1R3G deletion 842:857 The high-fat diet-induced liver steatosis is also slightly relieved by PPP1R3G deletion. 27815211 3 34 theme glycogen-targeting 416:433 arg1 subunit 435:441 a glycogen-targeting subunit 414:441 a glycogen-targeting subunit of protein phosphatase-1 required for glycogen synthesis 414:498 We generated a mouse model with whole-body deletion of PPP1R3G, a glycogen-targeting subunit of protein phosphatase-1 required for glycogen synthesis. 27815211 3 34 theme glycogen-targeting 416:433 arg1 PPP1R3G 405:411 PPP1R3G 405:411 PPP1R3G 405:411 We generated a mouse model with whole-body deletion of PPP1R3G, a glycogen-targeting subunit of protein phosphatase-1 required for glycogen synthesis. 27815211 0 35 theme glycogen 28:35 arg1 deposition 37:46 glycogen deposition 28:46 glycogen deposition 28:46 Ablation of PPP1R3G reduces glycogen deposition and mitigates high-fat diet induced obesity. 27815211 4 36 theme high-fat 519:526 arg1 diet 528:531 high-fat diet 519:531 high-fat diet 519:531 Upon feeding with high-fat diet, the body weight and fat composition are significantly reduced in the PPP1R3G-/- mice compared to the wild type controls. 27815211 5 37 theme PPP1R3G 753:759 arg1 deletion 761:768 PPP1R3G deletion 753:768 PPP1R3G deletion 753:768 The metabolic rate of the mice as measured by O2 consumption and CO2 production is accelerated by PPP1R3G deletion. 27815211 9 38 theme obesity 1144:1150 arg1 development 1152:1162 obesity development 1144:1162 obesity development 1144:1162 In conclusion, our study indicates that glycogen is actively involved in fat accumulation in adipose tissue and obesity development upon high-fat diet. 27815211 4 39 theme PPP1R3G-/- 603:612 arg1 mice 614:617 the PPP1R3G-/- mice 599:617 the PPP1R3G-/- mice 599:617 Upon feeding with high-fat diet, the body weight and fat composition are significantly reduced in the PPP1R3G-/- mice compared to the wild type controls. 27815211 1 40 theme different 197:205 arg1 phases 207:212 different phases 197:212 different phases of food deprivation 197:232 Glycogen and triglyceride are two major forms of energy storage in the body and provide the fuel during different phases of food deprivation. 27815211 2 41 attach linked 271:276 arg1 deposition 285:294 fat deposition 281:294 fat deposition in adipose tissue 281:312 However, how glycogen metabolism is linked to fat deposition in adipose tissue has not been clearly characterized. 27815211 2 41 attach linked 271:276 arg2 metabolism 257:266 glycogen metabolism 248:266 glycogen metabolism 248:266 However, how glycogen metabolism is linked to fat deposition in adipose tissue has not been clearly characterized. 27815211 4 42 with feeding 506:512 arg1 diet 528:531 high-fat diet 519:531 high-fat diet 519:531 Upon feeding with high-fat diet, the body weight and fat composition are significantly reduced in the PPP1R3G-/- mice compared to the wild type controls. 27815211 5 43 theme metabolic 659:667 arg1 rate 669:672 The metabolic rate 655:672 The metabolic rate of the mice as measured by O2 consumption and CO2 production 655:733 The metabolic rate of the mice as measured by O2 consumption and CO2 production is accelerated by PPP1R3G deletion. 27815211 9 44 theme fat 1105:1107 arg1 accumulation 1109:1120 fat accumulation 1105:1120 fat accumulation in adipose tissue and obesity development upon high-fat diet 1105:1181 In conclusion, our study indicates that glycogen is actively involved in fat accumulation in adipose tissue and obesity development upon high-fat diet. 27815211 3 45 theme glycogen 481:488 arg1 synthesis 490:498 glycogen synthesis 481:498 glycogen synthesis 481:498 We generated a mouse model with whole-body deletion of PPP1R3G, a glycogen-targeting subunit of protein phosphatase-1 required for glycogen synthesis. 27815211 8 46 theme PPP1R3G 963:969 arg1 overexpression 945:958 overexpression 945:958 overexpression of PPP1R3G 945:969 In 3T3L1 cells, overexpression of PPP1R3G leads to increases of both glycogen and triglyceride levels. 27815211 1 47 theme major 127:131 arg1 Glycogen 93:100 Glycogen 93:100 Glycogen 93:100 Glycogen and triglyceride are two major forms of energy storage in the body and provide the fuel during different phases of food deprivation. 27815211 1 47 theme major 127:131 arg1 forms 133:137 two major forms 123:137 two major forms of energy storage in the body 123:167 Glycogen and triglyceride are two major forms of energy storage in the body and provide the fuel during different phases of food deprivation. 27815211 1 47 theme major 127:131 arg1 triglyceride 106:117 triglyceride 106:117 triglyceride 106:117 Glycogen and triglyceride are two major forms of energy storage in the body and provide the fuel during different phases of food deprivation. 27815211 7 48 from level 873:877 arg1 tissue 890:895 adipose tissue 882:895 adipose tissue 882:895 The glycogen level in adipose tissue is reduced by PPP1R3G deletion. 27815211 2 49 theme adipose 299:305 arg1 tissue 307:312 adipose tissue 299:312 adipose tissue 299:312 However, how glycogen metabolism is linked to fat deposition in adipose tissue has not been clearly characterized. 27815211 3 50 theme phosphatase-1 454:466 arg1 subunit 435:441 a glycogen-targeting subunit 414:441 a glycogen-targeting subunit of protein phosphatase-1 required for glycogen synthesis 414:498 We generated a mouse model with whole-body deletion of PPP1R3G, a glycogen-targeting subunit of protein phosphatase-1 required for glycogen synthesis. 27815211 3 50 theme phosphatase-1 454:466 arg1 PPP1R3G 405:411 PPP1R3G 405:411 PPP1R3G 405:411 We generated a mouse model with whole-body deletion of PPP1R3G, a glycogen-targeting subunit of protein phosphatase-1 required for glycogen synthesis. 27815211 5 51 theme CO2 720:722 arg1 production 724:733 CO2 production 720:733 CO2 production 720:733 The metabolic rate of the mice as measured by O2 consumption and CO2 production is accelerated by PPP1R3G deletion. 27815211 9 52 theme adipose 1125:1131 arg1 tissue 1133:1138 adipose tissue 1125:1138 adipose tissue 1125:1138 In conclusion, our study indicates that glycogen is actively involved in fat accumulation in adipose tissue and obesity development upon high-fat diet. 27815211 7 53 theme adipose 882:888 arg1 tissue 890:895 adipose tissue 882:895 adipose tissue 882:895 The glycogen level in adipose tissue is reduced by PPP1R3G deletion. 27815211 1 54 theme food 217:220 arg1 deprivation 222:232 food deprivation 217:232 food deprivation 217:232 Glycogen and triglyceride are two major forms of energy storage in the body and provide the fuel during different phases of food deprivation. 27815211 0 55 theme high-fat 62:69 arg1 diet 71:74 high-fat diet 62:74 high-fat diet induced obesity 62:90 Ablation of PPP1R3G reduces glycogen deposition and mitigates high-fat diet induced obesity. 27815211 1 56 theme energy 142:147 arg1 storage 149:155 energy storage 142:155 energy storage in the body 142:167 Glycogen and triglyceride are two major forms of energy storage in the body and provide the fuel during different phases of food deprivation. 27815211 7 57 theme glycogen 864:871 arg1 level 873:877 The glycogen level 860:877 The glycogen level in adipose tissue 860:895 The glycogen level in adipose tissue is reduced by PPP1R3G deletion. 27815211 1 58 theme deprivation 222:232 arg1 phases 207:212 different phases 197:212 different phases of food deprivation 197:232 Glycogen and triglyceride are two major forms of energy storage in the body and provide the fuel during different phases of food deprivation. 26085382 4 0 theme Atsttrin-incorporated 529:549 arg1 scaffolds 586:594 3D-printed Atsttrin-incorporated alginate(Alg)/hydroxyapatite(nHAp) scaffolds 518:594 3D-printed Atsttrin-incorporated alginate(Alg)/hydroxyapatite(nHAp) scaffolds 518:594 Hence, this study investigates whether 3D-printed Atsttrin-incorporated alginate(Alg)/hydroxyapatite(nHAp) scaffolds can facilitate bone healing through affecting the TNF/TNFR signaling. 26085382 7 1 theme osteoblastic 1166:1177 arg1 differentiation 1179:1193 BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation 1152:1193 BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation 1152:1193 Atsttrin can also attenuate the suppressive effects of TNF-α on BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. 26085382 9 2 theme X-ray 1408:1412 arg1 results 1423:1429 histological staining and X-ray scanning results 1382:1429 results 1423:1429 Additionally, histological staining and X-ray scanning results also show that the 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold enhances the regeneration of mice calvarial bone defects. 26085382 5 3 theme Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp 711:727 arg1 scaffolds 739:747 Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp composite scaffolds 711:747 Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp composite scaffolds 711:747 A 3D bioprinting system is used to fabricate Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp composite scaffolds, and the Atsttrin release from this scaffold is characterized, followed by evaluation of its efficacy on bone regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. 26085382 6 4 theme negligible 1035:1044 arg1 cytotoxicity 1046:1057 negligible cytotoxicity 1035:1057 negligible cytotoxicity 1035:1057 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold exhibits a precisely defined structure, can sustain Atsttrin release for at least 5 days, has negligible cytotoxicity, and supports cell adhesion. 26085382 0 5 theme Signaling 114:122 arg1 Involvement 124:134 TNF/TNFR Signaling Involvement 105:134 TNF/TNFR Signaling Involvement 105:134 3D-Printed Atsttrin-Incorporated Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Promotes Bone Defect Regeneration with TNF/TNFR Signaling Involvement. 26085382 4 6 theme Alg 560:562 arg1 scaffolds 586:594 3D-printed Atsttrin-incorporated alginate(Alg)/hydroxyapatite(nHAp) scaffolds 518:594 3D-printed Atsttrin-incorporated alginate(Alg)/hydroxyapatite(nHAp) scaffolds 518:594 Hence, this study investigates whether 3D-printed Atsttrin-incorporated alginate(Alg)/hydroxyapatite(nHAp) scaffolds can facilitate bone healing through affecting the TNF/TNFR signaling. 26085382 7 7 theme suppressive 1120:1130 arg1 effects 1132:1138 the suppressive effects 1116:1138 the suppressive effects of TNF-α on BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation 1116:1193 Atsttrin can also attenuate the suppressive effects of TNF-α on BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. 26085382 8 8 theme cells 1298:1302 arg1 number 1273:1278 the number 1269:1278 the number of TNF-α positive cells 1269:1302 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold significantly reduces the number of TNF-α positive cells within wound sites, 7 days after post-calvarial defect surgery. 26085382 10 9 theme defect 1697:1702 arg1 repair 1704:1709 bone defect repair 1692:1709 bone defect repair 1692:1709 These findings thus demonstrate that the precise structure and anti-inflammatory properties of 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffolds may promote bone defect repair. 26085382 4 10 theme bone 611:614 arg1 healing 616:622 bone healing 611:622 bone healing 611:622 Hence, this study investigates whether 3D-printed Atsttrin-incorporated alginate(Alg)/hydroxyapatite(nHAp) scaffolds can facilitate bone healing through affecting the TNF/TNFR signaling. 26085382 8 11 theme Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp 1220:1236 arg1 scaffold 1238:1245 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold 1205:1245 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold 1205:1245 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold significantly reduces the number of TNF-α positive cells within wound sites, 7 days after post-calvarial defect surgery. 26085382 3 12 link -derived 378:385 arg1 Atsttrin 407:414 Atsttrin 407:414 Atsttrin 407:414 The progranulin (PGRN)-derived engineered protein, Atsttrin, is known to exert antagonistic effects on the TNF-α function. 26085382 3 12 link -derived 378:385 arg1 protein 398:404 The progranulin (PGRN)-derived engineered protein 356:404 The progranulin (PGRN)-derived engineered protein 356:404 The progranulin (PGRN)-derived engineered protein, Atsttrin, is known to exert antagonistic effects on the TNF-α function. 26085382 9 13 theme calvarial 1522:1530 arg1 defects 1537:1543 mice calvarial bone defects 1517:1543 mice calvarial bone defects 1517:1543 Additionally, histological staining and X-ray scanning results also show that the 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold enhances the regeneration of mice calvarial bone defects. 26085382 8 14 theme 3D-printed 1209:1218 arg1 scaffold 1238:1245 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold 1205:1245 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold 1205:1245 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold significantly reduces the number of TNF-α positive cells within wound sites, 7 days after post-calvarial defect surgery. 26085382 5 15 from regeneration 859:870 arg1 evaluation 824:833 evaluation 824:833 evaluation of its efficacy on bone regeneration 824:870 A 3D bioprinting system is used to fabricate Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp composite scaffolds, and the Atsttrin release from this scaffold is characterized, followed by evaluation of its efficacy on bone regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. 26085382 7 16 theme BMP-2-induced 1152:1164 arg1 differentiation 1179:1193 BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation 1152:1193 BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation 1152:1193 Atsttrin can also attenuate the suppressive effects of TNF-α on BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. 26085382 9 17 theme bone 1532:1535 arg1 defects 1537:1543 mice calvarial bone defects 1517:1543 mice calvarial bone defects 1517:1543 Additionally, histological staining and X-ray scanning results also show that the 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold enhances the regeneration of mice calvarial bone defects. 26085382 3 18 theme -derived 378:385 arg1 Atsttrin 407:414 Atsttrin 407:414 Atsttrin 407:414 The progranulin (PGRN)-derived engineered protein, Atsttrin, is known to exert antagonistic effects on the TNF-α function. 26085382 3 18 theme -derived 378:385 arg1 protein 398:404 The progranulin (PGRN)-derived engineered protein 356:404 The progranulin (PGRN)-derived engineered protein 356:404 The progranulin (PGRN)-derived engineered protein, Atsttrin, is known to exert antagonistic effects on the TNF-α function. 26085382 2 19 theme bone 308:311 arg1 scaffolds 313:321 few available bone scaffolds 294:321 few available bone scaffolds with anti-inflammatory function 294:353 However, there are few available bone scaffolds with anti-inflammatory function. 26085382 1 20 theme -α 207:208 arg1 levels 153:158 High expression levels 137:158 High expression levels of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α within bone defects 137:228 High expression levels of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α within bone defects can decelerate and impair bone regeneration. 26085382 3 21 theme engineered 387:396 arg1 Atsttrin 407:414 Atsttrin 407:414 Atsttrin 407:414 The progranulin (PGRN)-derived engineered protein, Atsttrin, is known to exert antagonistic effects on the TNF-α function. 26085382 3 21 theme engineered 387:396 arg1 protein 398:404 The progranulin (PGRN)-derived engineered protein 356:404 The progranulin (PGRN)-derived engineered protein 356:404 The progranulin (PGRN)-derived engineered protein, Atsttrin, is known to exert antagonistic effects on the TNF-α function. 26085382 4 22 theme 3D-printed 518:527 arg1 scaffolds 586:594 3D-printed Atsttrin-incorporated alginate(Alg)/hydroxyapatite(nHAp) scaffolds 518:594 3D-printed Atsttrin-incorporated alginate(Alg)/hydroxyapatite(nHAp) scaffolds 518:594 Hence, this study investigates whether 3D-printed Atsttrin-incorporated alginate(Alg)/hydroxyapatite(nHAp) scaffolds can facilitate bone healing through affecting the TNF/TNFR signaling. 26085382 3 23 theme antagonistic 435:446 arg1 effects 448:454 antagonistic effects 435:454 antagonistic effects 435:454 The progranulin (PGRN)-derived engineered protein, Atsttrin, is known to exert antagonistic effects on the TNF-α function. 26085382 10 24 theme precise 1587:1593 arg1 structure 1595:1603 precise structure 1587:1603 precise structure 1587:1603 These findings thus demonstrate that the precise structure and anti-inflammatory properties of 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffolds may promote bone defect repair. 26085382 2 25 theme available 298:306 arg1 scaffolds 313:321 few available bone scaffolds 294:321 few available bone scaffolds with anti-inflammatory function 294:353 However, there are few available bone scaffolds with anti-inflammatory function. 26085382 5 26 used used 693:696 arg2 system 683:688 A 3D bioprinting system 666:688 A 3D bioprinting system 666:688 A 3D bioprinting system is used to fabricate Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp composite scaffolds, and the Atsttrin release from this scaffold is characterized, followed by evaluation of its efficacy on bone regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. 26085382 0 27 theme Atsttrin-Incorporated 11:31 arg1 Scaffold 57:64 3D-Printed Atsttrin-Incorporated Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Scaffold 0:64 3D-Printed Atsttrin-Incorporated Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Scaffold 0:64 3D-Printed Atsttrin-Incorporated Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Promotes Bone Defect Regeneration with TNF/TNFR Signaling Involvement. 26085382 6 28 theme Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp 914:930 arg1 scaffold 932:939 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold 899:939 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold 899:939 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold exhibits a precisely defined structure, can sustain Atsttrin release for at least 5 days, has negligible cytotoxicity, and supports cell adhesion. 26085382 5 29 theme bioprinting 671:681 arg1 system 683:688 A 3D bioprinting system 666:688 A 3D bioprinting system 666:688 A 3D bioprinting system is used to fabricate Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp composite scaffolds, and the Atsttrin release from this scaffold is characterized, followed by evaluation of its efficacy on bone regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. 26085382 10 30 theme bone 1692:1695 arg1 repair 1704:1709 bone defect repair 1692:1709 bone defect repair 1692:1709 These findings thus demonstrate that the precise structure and anti-inflammatory properties of 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffolds may promote bone defect repair. 26085382 9 31 theme histological 1382:1393 arg1 staining 1395:1402 histological staining and X-ray scanning results 1382:1429 staining 1395:1402 Additionally, histological staining and X-ray scanning results also show that the 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold enhances the regeneration of mice calvarial bone defects. 26085382 10 32 theme 3D-printed 1641:1650 arg1 scaffolds 1670:1678 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffolds 1641:1678 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffolds 1641:1678 These findings thus demonstrate that the precise structure and anti-inflammatory properties of 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffolds may promote bone defect repair. 26085382 1 33 theme bone 217:220 arg1 defects 222:228 bone defects 217:228 bone defects 217:228 High expression levels of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α within bone defects can decelerate and impair bone regeneration. 26085382 0 34 theme 3D-Printed 0:9 arg1 Scaffold 57:64 3D-Printed Atsttrin-Incorporated Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Scaffold 0:64 3D-Printed Atsttrin-Incorporated Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Scaffold 0:64 3D-Printed Atsttrin-Incorporated Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Promotes Bone Defect Regeneration with TNF/TNFR Signaling Involvement. 26085382 9 35 theme scanning 1414:1421 arg1 results 1423:1429 histological staining and X-ray scanning results 1382:1429 results 1423:1429 Additionally, histological staining and X-ray scanning results also show that the 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold enhances the regeneration of mice calvarial bone defects. 26085382 8 36 theme positive 1289:1296 arg1 cells 1298:1302 TNF-α positive cells 1283:1302 TNF-α positive cells 1283:1302 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold significantly reduces the number of TNF-α positive cells within wound sites, 7 days after post-calvarial defect surgery. 26085382 9 37 theme 3D-printed 1450:1459 arg1 scaffold 1479:1486 the 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold 1446:1486 the 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold 1446:1486 Additionally, histological staining and X-ray scanning results also show that the 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold enhances the regeneration of mice calvarial bone defects. 26085382 1 38 theme High 137:140 arg1 levels 153:158 High expression levels 137:158 High expression levels of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α within bone defects 137:228 High expression levels of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α within bone defects can decelerate and impair bone regeneration. 26085382 5 39 theme bone 854:857 arg1 regeneration 859:870 bone regeneration 854:870 bone regeneration 854:870 A 3D bioprinting system is used to fabricate Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp composite scaffolds, and the Atsttrin release from this scaffold is characterized, followed by evaluation of its efficacy on bone regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. 26085382 10 40 theme anti-inflammatory 1609:1625 arg1 properties 1627:1636 anti-inflammatory properties 1609:1636 anti-inflammatory properties 1609:1636 These findings thus demonstrate that the precise structure and anti-inflammatory properties of 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffolds may promote bone defect repair. 26085382 9 41 theme defects 1537:1543 arg1 regeneration 1501:1512 the regeneration 1497:1512 the regeneration of mice calvarial bone defects 1497:1543 Additionally, histological staining and X-ray scanning results also show that the 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold enhances the regeneration of mice calvarial bone defects. 26085382 1 42 theme expression 142:151 arg1 levels 153:158 High expression levels 137:158 High expression levels of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α within bone defects 137:228 High expression levels of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α within bone defects can decelerate and impair bone regeneration. 26085382 7 43 theme TNF-α 1143:1147 arg1 effects 1132:1138 the suppressive effects 1116:1138 the suppressive effects of TNF-α on BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation 1116:1193 Atsttrin can also attenuate the suppressive effects of TNF-α on BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. 26085382 0 44 theme Alginate/Hydroxyapatite 33:55 arg1 Scaffold 57:64 3D-Printed Atsttrin-Incorporated Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Scaffold 0:64 3D-Printed Atsttrin-Incorporated Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Scaffold 0:64 3D-Printed Atsttrin-Incorporated Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Promotes Bone Defect Regeneration with TNF/TNFR Signaling Involvement. 26085382 10 45 theme Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp 1652:1668 arg1 scaffolds 1670:1678 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffolds 1641:1678 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffolds 1641:1678 These findings thus demonstrate that the precise structure and anti-inflammatory properties of 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffolds may promote bone defect repair. 26085382 5 46 from scaffold 785:792 arg1 release 767:773 the Atsttrin release 754:773 the Atsttrin release from this scaffold 754:792 A 3D bioprinting system is used to fabricate Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp composite scaffolds, and the Atsttrin release from this scaffold is characterized, followed by evaluation of its efficacy on bone regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. 26085382 2 47 theme anti-inflammatory 328:344 arg1 function 346:353 anti-inflammatory function 328:353 anti-inflammatory function 328:353 However, there are few available bone scaffolds with anti-inflammatory function. 26085382 0 48 theme Bone 75:78 arg1 Regeneration 87:98 Bone Defect Regeneration 75:98 Bone Defect Regeneration with TNF/TNFR Signaling Involvement 75:134 3D-Printed Atsttrin-Incorporated Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Promotes Bone Defect Regeneration with TNF/TNFR Signaling Involvement. 26085382 5 49 theme Atsttrin 758:765 arg1 release 767:773 the Atsttrin release 754:773 the Atsttrin release from this scaffold 754:792 A 3D bioprinting system is used to fabricate Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp composite scaffolds, and the Atsttrin release from this scaffold is characterized, followed by evaluation of its efficacy on bone regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. 26085382 8 50 theme defect 1352:1357 arg1 surgery 1359:1365 post-calvarial defect surgery 1337:1365 post-calvarial defect surgery 1337:1365 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold significantly reduces the number of TNF-α positive cells within wound sites, 7 days after post-calvarial defect surgery. 26085382 3 51 theme TNF-α 463:467 arg1 function 469:476 the TNF-α function 459:476 the TNF-α function 459:476 The progranulin (PGRN)-derived engineered protein, Atsttrin, is known to exert antagonistic effects on the TNF-α function. 26085382 4 52 theme /hydroxyapatite 564:578 arg1 scaffolds 586:594 3D-printed Atsttrin-incorporated alginate(Alg)/hydroxyapatite(nHAp) scaffolds 518:594 3D-printed Atsttrin-incorporated alginate(Alg)/hydroxyapatite(nHAp) scaffolds 518:594 Hence, this study investigates whether 3D-printed Atsttrin-incorporated alginate(Alg)/hydroxyapatite(nHAp) scaffolds can facilitate bone healing through affecting the TNF/TNFR signaling. 26085382 8 53 theme TNF-α 1283:1287 arg1 cells 1298:1302 TNF-α positive cells 1283:1302 TNF-α positive cells 1283:1302 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold significantly reduces the number of TNF-α positive cells within wound sites, 7 days after post-calvarial defect surgery. 26085382 6 54 theme cell 1073:1076 arg1 adhesion 1078:1085 cell adhesion 1073:1085 cell adhesion 1073:1085 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold exhibits a precisely defined structure, can sustain Atsttrin release for at least 5 days, has negligible cytotoxicity, and supports cell adhesion. 26085382 6 55 theme Atsttrin 993:1000 arg1 release 1002:1008 Atsttrin release 993:1008 Atsttrin release for at least 5 days 993:1028 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold exhibits a precisely defined structure, can sustain Atsttrin release for at least 5 days, has negligible cytotoxicity, and supports cell adhesion. 26085382 5 56 theme efficacy 842:849 arg1 evaluation 824:833 evaluation 824:833 evaluation of its efficacy on bone regeneration 824:870 A 3D bioprinting system is used to fabricate Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp composite scaffolds, and the Atsttrin release from this scaffold is characterized, followed by evaluation of its efficacy on bone regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. 26085382 5 57 dep characterized 797:809 arg1 followed 812:819 followed 812:819 followed by evaluation of its efficacy on bone regeneration both in vitro and in vivo 812:896 A 3D bioprinting system is used to fabricate Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp composite scaffolds, and the Atsttrin release from this scaffold is characterized, followed by evaluation of its efficacy on bone regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. 26085382 6 58 theme 3D-printed 903:912 arg1 scaffold 932:939 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold 899:939 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold 899:939 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold exhibits a precisely defined structure, can sustain Atsttrin release for at least 5 days, has negligible cytotoxicity, and supports cell adhesion. 26085382 0 59 theme Defect 80:85 arg1 Regeneration 87:98 Bone Defect Regeneration 75:98 Bone Defect Regeneration with TNF/TNFR Signaling Involvement 75:134 3D-Printed Atsttrin-Incorporated Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Promotes Bone Defect Regeneration with TNF/TNFR Signaling Involvement. 26085382 4 60 theme nHAp 580:583 arg1 scaffolds 586:594 3D-printed Atsttrin-incorporated alginate(Alg)/hydroxyapatite(nHAp) scaffolds 518:594 3D-printed Atsttrin-incorporated alginate(Alg)/hydroxyapatite(nHAp) scaffolds 518:594 Hence, this study investigates whether 3D-printed Atsttrin-incorporated alginate(Alg)/hydroxyapatite(nHAp) scaffolds can facilitate bone healing through affecting the TNF/TNFR signaling. 26085382 5 61 theme composite 729:737 arg1 scaffolds 739:747 Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp composite scaffolds 711:747 Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp composite scaffolds 711:747 A 3D bioprinting system is used to fabricate Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp composite scaffolds, and the Atsttrin release from this scaffold is characterized, followed by evaluation of its efficacy on bone regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. 26085382 6 62 theme defined 962:968 arg1 structure 970:978 a precisely defined structure 950:978 a precisely defined structure 950:978 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold exhibits a precisely defined structure, can sustain Atsttrin release for at least 5 days, has negligible cytotoxicity, and supports cell adhesion. 26085382 5 63 theme 3D 668:669 arg1 system 683:688 A 3D bioprinting system 666:688 A 3D bioprinting system 666:688 A 3D bioprinting system is used to fabricate Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp composite scaffolds, and the Atsttrin release from this scaffold is characterized, followed by evaluation of its efficacy on bone regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. 26085382 5 64 from efficacy 842:849 arg1 regeneration 859:870 bone regeneration 854:870 bone regeneration 854:870 A 3D bioprinting system is used to fabricate Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp composite scaffolds, and the Atsttrin release from this scaffold is characterized, followed by evaluation of its efficacy on bone regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. 26085382 1 65 theme pro-inflammatory 163:178 arg1 -α 207:208 pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 163:208 pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α within bone defects 163:228 High expression levels of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α within bone defects can decelerate and impair bone regeneration. 26085382 7 66 from effects 1132:1138 arg1 differentiation 1179:1193 BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation 1152:1193 BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation 1152:1193 Atsttrin can also attenuate the suppressive effects of TNF-α on BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. 26085382 9 67 theme Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp 1461:1477 arg1 scaffold 1479:1486 the 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold 1446:1486 the 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold 1446:1486 Additionally, histological staining and X-ray scanning results also show that the 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold enhances the regeneration of mice calvarial bone defects. 26085382 2 68 theme few 294:296 arg1 scaffolds 313:321 few available bone scaffolds 294:321 few available bone scaffolds with anti-inflammatory function 294:353 However, there are few available bone scaffolds with anti-inflammatory function. 26085382 1 69 theme tumor 180:184 arg1 TNF 203:205 TNF 203:205 TNF 203:205 High expression levels of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α within bone defects can decelerate and impair bone regeneration. 26085382 1 69 theme tumor 180:184 arg1 factor 195:200 tumor necrosis factor 180:200 pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α within bone defects 163:228 High expression levels of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α within bone defects can decelerate and impair bone regeneration. 26085382 6 70 contain has 1031:1033 arg1 scaffold 932:939 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold 899:939 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold 899:939 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold exhibits a precisely defined structure, can sustain Atsttrin release for at least 5 days, has negligible cytotoxicity, and supports cell adhesion. 26085382 6 70 contain has 1031:1033 arg2 cytotoxicity 1046:1057 negligible cytotoxicity 1035:1057 negligible cytotoxicity 1035:1057 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold exhibits a precisely defined structure, can sustain Atsttrin release for at least 5 days, has negligible cytotoxicity, and supports cell adhesion. 26085382 1 71 theme bone 256:259 arg1 regeneration 261:272 bone regeneration 256:272 bone regeneration 256:272 High expression levels of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α within bone defects can decelerate and impair bone regeneration. 26085382 9 72 theme mice 1517:1520 arg1 defects 1537:1543 mice calvarial bone defects 1517:1543 mice calvarial bone defects 1517:1543 Additionally, histological staining and X-ray scanning results also show that the 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold enhances the regeneration of mice calvarial bone defects. 26085382 0 73 with Regeneration 87:98 arg1 Involvement 124:134 TNF/TNFR Signaling Involvement 105:134 TNF/TNFR Signaling Involvement 105:134 3D-Printed Atsttrin-Incorporated Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Promotes Bone Defect Regeneration with TNF/TNFR Signaling Involvement. 26085382 1 74 theme necrosis 186:193 arg1 TNF 203:205 TNF 203:205 TNF 203:205 High expression levels of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α within bone defects can decelerate and impair bone regeneration. 26085382 1 74 theme necrosis 186:193 arg1 factor 195:200 tumor necrosis factor 180:200 pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α within bone defects 163:228 High expression levels of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α within bone defects can decelerate and impair bone regeneration. 26085382 0 75 theme TNF/TNFR 105:112 arg1 Involvement 124:134 TNF/TNFR Signaling Involvement 105:134 TNF/TNFR Signaling Involvement 105:134 3D-Printed Atsttrin-Incorporated Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Promotes Bone Defect Regeneration with TNF/TNFR Signaling Involvement. 26085382 5 76 from evaluation 824:833 arg1 regeneration 859:870 bone regeneration 854:870 bone regeneration 854:870 A 3D bioprinting system is used to fabricate Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp composite scaffolds, and the Atsttrin release from this scaffold is characterized, followed by evaluation of its efficacy on bone regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. 26085382 8 77 theme post-calvarial 1337:1350 arg1 surgery 1359:1365 post-calvarial defect surgery 1337:1365 post-calvarial defect surgery 1337:1365 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold significantly reduces the number of TNF-α positive cells within wound sites, 7 days after post-calvarial defect surgery. 26085382 1 78 theme factor 195:200 arg1 -α 207:208 pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 163:208 pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α within bone defects 163:228 High expression levels of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α within bone defects can decelerate and impair bone regeneration. 26085382 8 79 theme wound 1311:1315 arg1 sites 1317:1321 wound sites 1311:1321 wound sites 1311:1321 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold significantly reduces the number of TNF-α positive cells within wound sites, 7 days after post-calvarial defect surgery. 26085382 8 79 theme wound 1311:1315 arg1 days 1326:1329 7 days 1324:1329 7 days after post-calvarial defect surgery 1324:1365 The 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffold significantly reduces the number of TNF-α positive cells within wound sites, 7 days after post-calvarial defect surgery. 26085382 10 80 theme scaffolds 1670:1678 arg1 structure 1595:1603 precise structure 1587:1603 precise structure 1587:1603 These findings thus demonstrate that the precise structure and anti-inflammatory properties of 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffolds may promote bone defect repair. 26085382 10 80 theme scaffolds 1670:1678 arg1 properties 1627:1636 anti-inflammatory properties 1609:1636 anti-inflammatory properties 1609:1636 These findings thus demonstrate that the precise structure and anti-inflammatory properties of 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffolds may promote bone defect repair. 26085382 10 81 dep structure 1595:1603 arg1 the 1583:1585 the 1583:1585 the 1583:1585 These findings thus demonstrate that the precise structure and anti-inflammatory properties of 3D-printed Atsttrin-Alg/nHAp scaffolds may promote bone defect repair. 26085382 4 82 theme alginate 551:558 arg1 scaffolds 586:594 3D-printed Atsttrin-incorporated alginate(Alg)/hydroxyapatite(nHAp) scaffolds 518:594 3D-printed Atsttrin-incorporated alginate(Alg)/hydroxyapatite(nHAp) scaffolds 518:594 Hence, this study investigates whether 3D-printed Atsttrin-incorporated alginate(Alg)/hydroxyapatite(nHAp) scaffolds can facilitate bone healing through affecting the TNF/TNFR signaling. 26085382 4 83 theme TNF/TNFR 646:653 arg1 signaling 655:663 the TNF/TNFR signaling 642:663 the TNF/TNFR signaling 642:663 Hence, this study investigates whether 3D-printed Atsttrin-incorporated alginate(Alg)/hydroxyapatite(nHAp) scaffolds can facilitate bone healing through affecting the TNF/TNFR signaling. 26085382 2 84 with scaffolds 313:321 arg1 function 346:353 anti-inflammatory function 328:353 anti-inflammatory function 328:353 However, there are few available bone scaffolds with anti-inflammatory function. 27446114 10 0 dep evidence 2064:2071 arg1 affects 2127:2133 affects 2127:2133 affects cell wall ultrastructure 2127:2158 To our knowledge, this is the first direct evidence, delineated by glycomic analyses, that abiotic stress affects cell wall ultrastructure. 27446114 6 1 theme oxalate 1166:1172 arg1 extract 1174:1180 the oxalate extract 1162:1180 the oxalate extract 1162:1180 The higher abundance of these pectic backbone epitopes in the oxalate extract indicate that the loosening of cell wall pectic components could be associated with the release of pectic signals as a stress response. 27446114 3 2 theme Glycome 515:521 arg1 profiling 523:531 Glycome profiling 515:531 Glycome profiling 515:531 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 7 3 theme moisture 1399:1406 arg1 availability 1408:1419 low soil moisture availability 1390:1419 low soil moisture availability 1390:1419 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability was more pronounced in stem wood than in roots or needles. 27446114 9 4 theme wood 1917:1920 arg1 walls 1899:1903 cell walls 1894:1903 cell walls of the stem wood 1894:1920 Overall, these results indicate that cell walls of loblolly pine organs undergo changes in their ultrastructural composition and extractability as a response to soil moisture availability and that cell walls of the stem wood are more responsive to low soil moisture availability compared to cell walls of roots and needles. 27446114 7 5 from pronounced 1430:1439 arg1 needles 1471:1477 needles 1471:1477 needles 1471:1477 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability was more pronounced in stem wood than in roots or needles. 27446114 7 5 from pronounced 1430:1439 arg1 wood 1449:1452 stem wood 1444:1452 stem wood 1444:1452 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability was more pronounced in stem wood than in roots or needles. 27446114 7 5 from pronounced 1430:1439 arg1 roots 1462:1466 roots 1462:1466 roots 1462:1466 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability was more pronounced in stem wood than in roots or needles. 27446114 6 6 theme backbone 1141:1148 arg1 epitopes 1150:1157 these pectic backbone epitopes 1128:1157 these pectic backbone epitopes 1128:1157 The higher abundance of these pectic backbone epitopes in the oxalate extract indicate that the loosening of cell wall pectic components could be associated with the release of pectic signals as a stress response. 27446114 10 7 theme glycomic 2088:2095 arg1 analyses 2097:2104 glycomic analyses 2088:2104 glycomic analyses 2088:2104 To our knowledge, this is the first direct evidence, delineated by glycomic analyses, that abiotic stress affects cell wall ultrastructure. 27446114 3 8 theme loblolly 709:716 arg1 saplings 723:730 loblolly pine saplings 709:730 loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture 709:768 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 6 9 theme pectic 1223:1228 arg1 components 1230:1239 cell wall pectic components 1213:1239 cell wall pectic components 1213:1239 The higher abundance of these pectic backbone epitopes in the oxalate extract indicate that the loosening of cell wall pectic components could be associated with the release of pectic signals as a stress response. 27446114 5 10 theme backbone 1050:1057 arg1 epitopes 1059:1066 pectic backbone epitopes 1043:1066 pectic backbone epitopes 1043:1066 The strongest response of cell wall ultrastructure to soil moisture was increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in the low soil moisture treatment. 27446114 7 11 theme epitopes 1366:1373 arg1 extractability 1332:1345 The increased extractability 1318:1345 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability 1318:1419 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability was more pronounced in stem wood than in roots or needles. 27446114 7 11 theme epitopes 1366:1373 arg1 pronounced 1430:1439 pronounced 1430:1439 pronounced 1430:1439 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability was more pronounced in stem wood than in roots or needles. 27446114 9 12 theme soil 1949:1952 arg1 availability 1963:1974 low soil moisture availability 1945:1974 low soil moisture availability 1945:1974 Overall, these results indicate that cell walls of loblolly pine organs undergo changes in their ultrastructural composition and extractability as a response to soil moisture availability and that cell walls of the stem wood are more responsive to low soil moisture availability compared to cell walls of roots and needles. 27446114 0 13 theme Moisture 93:100 arg1 Availability 102:113 Moisture Availability 93:113 Moisture Availability 93:113 Cell Wall Ultrastructure of Stem Wood, Roots, and Needles of a Conifer Varies in Response to Moisture Availability. 27446114 1 14 theme matrix 183:188 arg1 integrity 133:141 integrity 133:141 integrity 133:141 The composition, integrity, and architecture of the macromolecular matrix of cell walls, collectively referred to as cell wall ultrastructure, exhibits variation across species and organs and among cell types within organs. 27446114 1 14 theme matrix 183:188 arg1 architecture 148:159 architecture 148:159 architecture 148:159 The composition, integrity, and architecture of the macromolecular matrix of cell walls, collectively referred to as cell wall ultrastructure, exhibits variation across species and organs and among cell types within organs. 27446114 1 14 theme matrix 183:188 arg1 composition 120:130 composition 120:130 composition 120:130 The composition, integrity, and architecture of the macromolecular matrix of cell walls, collectively referred to as cell wall ultrastructure, exhibits variation across species and organs and among cell types within organs. 27446114 7 15 from roots 1462:1466 arg1 extractability 1332:1345 The increased extractability 1318:1345 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability 1318:1419 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability was more pronounced in stem wood than in roots or needles. 27446114 7 15 from roots 1462:1466 arg1 pronounced 1430:1439 pronounced 1430:1439 pronounced 1430:1439 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability was more pronounced in stem wood than in roots or needles. 27446114 4 16 theme cell 870:873 arg1 components 880:889 cell wall components 870:889 cell wall components 870:889 Soil moisture influenced physiological processes and the overall composition and extractability of cell wall components differed as a function of soil moisture treatments. 27446114 7 17 theme pectic 1350:1355 arg1 epitopes 1366:1373 pectic backbone epitopes 1350:1373 pectic backbone epitopes 1350:1373 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability was more pronounced in stem wood than in roots or needles. 27446114 3 18 theme saplings 723:730 arg1 roots 687:691 roots 687:691 roots 687:691 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 3 18 theme saplings 723:730 arg1 walls 667:671 cell walls 662:671 cell walls of stem wood 662:684 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 3 18 theme saplings 723:730 arg1 needles 698:704 needles 698:704 needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture 698:768 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 6 19 theme signals 1288:1294 arg1 release 1270:1276 the release 1266:1276 the release of pectic signals as a stress response 1266:1315 The higher abundance of these pectic backbone epitopes in the oxalate extract indicate that the loosening of cell wall pectic components could be associated with the release of pectic signals as a stress response. 27446114 5 20 theme increased 1015:1023 arg1 extractability 1025:1038 increased extractability 1015:1038 increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes 1015:1066 The strongest response of cell wall ultrastructure to soil moisture was increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in the low soil moisture treatment. 27446114 5 20 theme increased 1015:1023 arg1 response 957:964 The strongest response 943:964 The strongest response of cell wall ultrastructure to soil moisture 943:1009 The strongest response of cell wall ultrastructure to soil moisture was increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in the low soil moisture treatment. 27446114 3 21 theme cell 551:554 arg1 ultrastructure 561:574 cell wall ultrastructure 551:574 cell wall ultrastructure 551:574 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 4 22 theme components 880:889 arg1 composition 836:846 overall composition 828:846 overall composition 828:846 Soil moisture influenced physiological processes and the overall composition and extractability of cell wall components differed as a function of soil moisture treatments. 27446114 4 22 theme components 880:889 arg1 extractability 852:865 extractability 852:865 extractability 852:865 Soil moisture influenced physiological processes and the overall composition and extractability of cell wall components differed as a function of soil moisture treatments. 27446114 10 23 theme wall 2140:2143 arg1 ultrastructure 2145:2158 cell wall ultrastructure 2135:2158 cell wall ultrastructure 2135:2158 To our knowledge, this is the first direct evidence, delineated by glycomic analyses, that abiotic stress affects cell wall ultrastructure. 27446114 3 24 theme soil 756:759 arg1 moisture 761:768 high and low soil moisture 743:768 high and low soil moisture 743:768 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 9 25 theme loblolly 1748:1755 arg1 organs 1762:1767 loblolly pine organs 1748:1767 loblolly pine organs 1748:1767 Overall, these results indicate that cell walls of loblolly pine organs undergo changes in their ultrastructural composition and extractability as a response to soil moisture availability and that cell walls of the stem wood are more responsive to low soil moisture availability compared to cell walls of roots and needles. 27446114 11 26 theme pine 2216:2219 arg1 needles 2221:2227 pine needles 2216:2227 pine needles 2216:2227 This study is also unique in that glycome profiling of pine needles has never before been reported. 27446114 9 27 theme organs 1762:1767 arg1 walls 1739:1743 cell walls 1734:1743 cell walls of loblolly pine organs 1734:1767 Overall, these results indicate that cell walls of loblolly pine organs undergo changes in their ultrastructural composition and extractability as a response to soil moisture availability and that cell walls of the stem wood are more responsive to low soil moisture availability compared to cell walls of roots and needles. 27446114 9 28 theme roots 2002:2006 arg1 walls 1993:1997 cell walls 1988:1997 cell walls of roots and needles 1988:2018 Overall, these results indicate that cell walls of loblolly pine organs undergo changes in their ultrastructural composition and extractability as a response to soil moisture availability and that cell walls of the stem wood are more responsive to low soil moisture availability compared to cell walls of roots and needles. 27446114 0 29 theme Needles 50:56 arg1 Ultrastructure 10:23 Cell Wall Ultrastructure 0:23 Cell Wall Ultrastructure of Stem Wood, Roots, and Needles of a Conifer 0:69 Cell Wall Ultrastructure of Stem Wood, Roots, and Needles of a Conifer Varies in Response to Moisture Availability. 27446114 4 30 theme soil 917:920 arg1 treatments 931:940 soil moisture treatments 917:940 soil moisture treatments 917:940 Soil moisture influenced physiological processes and the overall composition and extractability of cell wall components differed as a function of soil moisture treatments. 27446114 8 31 theme Additional 1480:1489 arg1 responses 1491:1499 Additional responses 1480:1499 Additional responses to low soil moisture availability 1480:1533 Additional responses to low soil moisture availability were observed in lignin-associated carbohydrates released in chlorite extracts of stem wood, including an increased abundance of pectic arabinogalactan epitopes. 27446114 9 32 theme needles 2012:2018 arg1 walls 1993:1997 cell walls 1988:1997 cell walls of roots and needles 1988:2018 Overall, these results indicate that cell walls of loblolly pine organs undergo changes in their ultrastructural composition and extractability as a response to soil moisture availability and that cell walls of the stem wood are more responsive to low soil moisture availability compared to cell walls of roots and needles. 27446114 5 33 theme low 1075:1077 arg1 treatment 1093:1101 the low soil moisture treatment 1071:1101 the low soil moisture treatment 1071:1101 The strongest response of cell wall ultrastructure to soil moisture was increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in the low soil moisture treatment. 27446114 4 34 theme treatments 931:940 arg1 function 905:912 a function 903:912 a function of soil moisture treatments 903:940 Soil moisture influenced physiological processes and the overall composition and extractability of cell wall components differed as a function of soil moisture treatments. 27446114 5 35 theme moisture 1084:1091 arg1 treatment 1093:1101 the low soil moisture treatment 1071:1101 the low soil moisture treatment 1071:1101 The strongest response of cell wall ultrastructure to soil moisture was increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in the low soil moisture treatment. 27446114 7 36 from extractability 1332:1345 arg1 response 1378:1385 response 1378:1385 response to low soil moisture availability 1378:1419 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability was more pronounced in stem wood than in roots or needles. 27446114 8 37 theme soil 1508:1511 arg1 availability 1522:1533 low soil moisture availability 1504:1533 low soil moisture availability 1504:1533 Additional responses to low soil moisture availability were observed in lignin-associated carbohydrates released in chlorite extracts of stem wood, including an increased abundance of pectic arabinogalactan epitopes. 27446114 11 38 theme glycome 2195:2201 arg1 profiling 2203:2211 glycome profiling 2195:2211 glycome profiling of pine needles 2195:2227 This study is also unique in that glycome profiling of pine needles has never before been reported. 27446114 11 39 theme needles 2221:2227 arg1 profiling 2203:2211 glycome profiling 2195:2211 glycome profiling of pine needles 2195:2227 This study is also unique in that glycome profiling of pine needles has never before been reported. 27446114 2 40 theme Indirect 340:347 arg1 approaches 349:358 Indirect approaches 340:358 Indirect approaches 340:358 Indirect approaches have suggested that modifications to cell wall ultrastructure occur in response to abiotic stress; however, modifications have not been directly observed. 27446114 0 41 theme Cell 0:3 arg1 Ultrastructure 10:23 Cell Wall Ultrastructure 0:23 Cell Wall Ultrastructure of Stem Wood, Roots, and Needles of a Conifer 0:69 Cell Wall Ultrastructure of Stem Wood, Roots, and Needles of a Conifer Varies in Response to Moisture Availability. 27446114 1 42 theme cell 233:236 arg1 ultrastructure 243:256 cell wall ultrastructure 233:256 cell wall ultrastructure 233:256 The composition, integrity, and architecture of the macromolecular matrix of cell walls, collectively referred to as cell wall ultrastructure, exhibits variation across species and organs and among cell types within organs. 27446114 2 43 theme wall 402:405 arg1 ultrastructure 407:420 cell wall ultrastructure 397:420 cell wall ultrastructure 397:420 Indirect approaches have suggested that modifications to cell wall ultrastructure occur in response to abiotic stress; however, modifications have not been directly observed. 27446114 2 44 theme abiotic 443:449 arg1 stress 451:456 abiotic stress 443:456 abiotic stress 443:456 Indirect approaches have suggested that modifications to cell wall ultrastructure occur in response to abiotic stress; however, modifications have not been directly observed. 27446114 4 45 theme Soil 771:774 arg1 moisture 776:783 Soil moisture 771:783 Soil moisture 771:783 Soil moisture influenced physiological processes and the overall composition and extractability of cell wall components differed as a function of soil moisture treatments. 27446114 0 46 theme Stem 28:31 arg1 Wood 33:36 Stem Wood 28:36 Stem Wood 28:36 Cell Wall Ultrastructure of Stem Wood, Roots, and Needles of a Conifer Varies in Response to Moisture Availability. 27446114 9 47 from changes 1777:1783 arg1 extractability 1826:1839 extractability 1826:1839 extractability 1826:1839 Overall, these results indicate that cell walls of loblolly pine organs undergo changes in their ultrastructural composition and extractability as a response to soil moisture availability and that cell walls of the stem wood are more responsive to low soil moisture availability compared to cell walls of roots and needles. 27446114 9 47 from changes 1777:1783 arg1 composition 1810:1820 their ultrastructural composition 1788:1820 their ultrastructural composition 1788:1820 Overall, these results indicate that cell walls of loblolly pine organs undergo changes in their ultrastructural composition and extractability as a response to soil moisture availability and that cell walls of the stem wood are more responsive to low soil moisture availability compared to cell walls of roots and needles. 27446114 5 48 theme soil 997:1000 arg1 moisture 1002:1009 soil moisture 997:1009 soil moisture 997:1009 The strongest response of cell wall ultrastructure to soil moisture was increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in the low soil moisture treatment. 27446114 8 49 theme lignin-associated 1552:1568 arg1 carbohydrates 1570:1582 lignin-associated carbohydrates 1552:1582 lignin-associated carbohydrates 1552:1582 Additional responses to low soil moisture availability were observed in lignin-associated carbohydrates released in chlorite extracts of stem wood, including an increased abundance of pectic arabinogalactan epitopes. 27446114 8 49 theme lignin-associated 1552:1568 arg1 abundance 1651:1659 an increased abundance 1638:1659 an increased abundance of pectic arabinogalactan epitopes 1638:1694 Additional responses to low soil moisture availability were observed in lignin-associated carbohydrates released in chlorite extracts of stem wood, including an increased abundance of pectic arabinogalactan epitopes. 27446114 8 50 located observed 1540:1547 arg1 carbohydrates 1570:1582 lignin-associated carbohydrates 1552:1582 lignin-associated carbohydrates 1552:1582 Additional responses to low soil moisture availability were observed in lignin-associated carbohydrates released in chlorite extracts of stem wood, including an increased abundance of pectic arabinogalactan epitopes. 27446114 8 50 located observed 1540:1547 arg2 responses 1491:1499 Additional responses 1480:1499 Additional responses to low soil moisture availability 1480:1533 Additional responses to low soil moisture availability were observed in lignin-associated carbohydrates released in chlorite extracts of stem wood, including an increased abundance of pectic arabinogalactan epitopes. 27446114 8 50 located observed 1540:1547 arg1 abundance 1651:1659 an increased abundance 1638:1659 an increased abundance of pectic arabinogalactan epitopes 1638:1694 Additional responses to low soil moisture availability were observed in lignin-associated carbohydrates released in chlorite extracts of stem wood, including an increased abundance of pectic arabinogalactan epitopes. 27446114 6 51 theme higher 1108:1113 arg1 abundance 1115:1123 The higher abundance 1104:1123 The higher abundance of these pectic backbone epitopes in the oxalate extract 1104:1180 The higher abundance of these pectic backbone epitopes in the oxalate extract indicate that the loosening of cell wall pectic components could be associated with the release of pectic signals as a stress response. 27446114 9 52 theme moisture 1863:1870 arg1 availability 1872:1883 soil moisture availability 1858:1883 soil moisture availability 1858:1883 Overall, these results indicate that cell walls of loblolly pine organs undergo changes in their ultrastructural composition and extractability as a response to soil moisture availability and that cell walls of the stem wood are more responsive to low soil moisture availability compared to cell walls of roots and needles. 27446114 7 53 theme increased 1322:1330 arg1 extractability 1332:1345 The increased extractability 1318:1345 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability 1318:1419 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability was more pronounced in stem wood than in roots or needles. 27446114 7 53 theme increased 1322:1330 arg1 pronounced 1430:1439 pronounced 1430:1439 pronounced 1430:1439 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability was more pronounced in stem wood than in roots or needles. 27446114 3 54 theme cell 662:665 arg1 walls 667:671 cell walls 662:671 cell walls of stem wood 662:684 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 8 55 theme increased 1641:1649 arg1 abundance 1651:1659 an increased abundance 1638:1659 an increased abundance of pectic arabinogalactan epitopes 1638:1694 Additional responses to low soil moisture availability were observed in lignin-associated carbohydrates released in chlorite extracts of stem wood, including an increased abundance of pectic arabinogalactan epitopes. 27446114 5 56 theme cell 969:972 arg1 ultrastructure 979:992 cell wall ultrastructure 969:992 cell wall ultrastructure 969:992 The strongest response of cell wall ultrastructure to soil moisture was increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in the low soil moisture treatment. 27446114 8 57 theme chlorite 1596:1603 arg1 extracts 1605:1612 chlorite extracts 1596:1612 chlorite extracts of stem wood 1596:1625 Additional responses to low soil moisture availability were observed in lignin-associated carbohydrates released in chlorite extracts of stem wood, including an increased abundance of pectic arabinogalactan epitopes. 27446114 3 58 theme glycans 651:657 arg1 extractability 618:631 extractability 618:631 extractability 618:631 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 3 58 theme glycans 651:657 arg1 composition 602:612 composition 602:612 composition 602:612 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 1 59 theme walls 198:202 arg1 matrix 183:188 the macromolecular matrix 164:188 the macromolecular matrix of cell walls 164:202 The composition, integrity, and architecture of the macromolecular matrix of cell walls, collectively referred to as cell wall ultrastructure, exhibits variation across species and organs and among cell types within organs. 27446114 4 60 dep composition 836:846 arg1 the 824:826 the 824:826 the 824:826 Soil moisture influenced physiological processes and the overall composition and extractability of cell wall components differed as a function of soil moisture treatments. 27446114 5 61 theme ultrastructure 979:992 arg1 extractability 1025:1038 increased extractability 1015:1038 increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes 1015:1066 The strongest response of cell wall ultrastructure to soil moisture was increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in the low soil moisture treatment. 27446114 5 61 theme ultrastructure 979:992 arg1 response 957:964 The strongest response 943:964 The strongest response of cell wall ultrastructure to soil moisture 943:1009 The strongest response of cell wall ultrastructure to soil moisture was increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in the low soil moisture treatment. 27446114 9 62 theme cell 1894:1897 arg1 walls 1899:1903 cell walls 1894:1903 cell walls of the stem wood 1894:1920 Overall, these results indicate that cell walls of loblolly pine organs undergo changes in their ultrastructural composition and extractability as a response to soil moisture availability and that cell walls of the stem wood are more responsive to low soil moisture availability compared to cell walls of roots and needles. 27446114 3 63 theme wood 681:684 arg1 roots 687:691 roots 687:691 roots 687:691 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 3 63 theme wood 681:684 arg1 walls 667:671 cell walls 662:671 cell walls of stem wood 662:684 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 3 63 theme wood 681:684 arg1 needles 698:704 needles 698:704 needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture 698:768 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 8 64 theme arabinogalactan 1671:1685 arg1 epitopes 1687:1694 pectic arabinogalactan epitopes 1664:1694 pectic arabinogalactan epitopes 1664:1694 Additional responses to low soil moisture availability were observed in lignin-associated carbohydrates released in chlorite extracts of stem wood, including an increased abundance of pectic arabinogalactan epitopes. 27446114 4 65 theme overall 828:834 arg1 composition 836:846 overall composition 828:846 overall composition 828:846 Soil moisture influenced physiological processes and the overall composition and extractability of cell wall components differed as a function of soil moisture treatments. 27446114 8 66 theme wood 1622:1625 arg1 extracts 1605:1612 chlorite extracts 1596:1612 chlorite extracts of stem wood 1596:1625 Additional responses to low soil moisture availability were observed in lignin-associated carbohydrates released in chlorite extracts of stem wood, including an increased abundance of pectic arabinogalactan epitopes. 27446114 3 67 from composition 602:612 arg1 roots 687:691 roots 687:691 roots 687:691 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 3 67 from composition 602:612 arg1 walls 667:671 cell walls 662:671 cell walls of stem wood 662:684 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 3 67 from composition 602:612 arg1 needles 698:704 needles 698:704 needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture 698:768 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 7 68 theme low 1390:1392 arg1 availability 1408:1419 low soil moisture availability 1390:1419 low soil moisture availability 1390:1419 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability was more pronounced in stem wood than in roots or needles. 27446114 7 69 theme stem 1444:1447 arg1 wood 1449:1452 stem wood 1444:1452 stem wood 1444:1452 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability was more pronounced in stem wood than in roots or needles. 27446114 9 70 theme stem 1912:1915 arg1 wood 1917:1920 the stem wood 1908:1920 the stem wood 1908:1920 Overall, these results indicate that cell walls of loblolly pine organs undergo changes in their ultrastructural composition and extractability as a response to soil moisture availability and that cell walls of the stem wood are more responsive to low soil moisture availability compared to cell walls of roots and needles. 27446114 3 71 from extractability 618:631 arg1 roots 687:691 roots 687:691 roots 687:691 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 3 71 from extractability 618:631 arg1 walls 667:671 cell walls 662:671 cell walls of stem wood 662:684 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 3 71 from extractability 618:631 arg1 needles 698:704 needles 698:704 needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture 698:768 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 4 72 theme physiological 796:808 arg1 processes 810:818 physiological processes 796:818 physiological processes 796:818 Soil moisture influenced physiological processes and the overall composition and extractability of cell wall components differed as a function of soil moisture treatments. 27446114 6 73 theme epitopes 1150:1157 arg1 abundance 1115:1123 The higher abundance 1104:1123 The higher abundance of these pectic backbone epitopes in the oxalate extract 1104:1180 The higher abundance of these pectic backbone epitopes in the oxalate extract indicate that the loosening of cell wall pectic components could be associated with the release of pectic signals as a stress response. 27446114 5 74 from extractability 1025:1038 arg1 treatment 1093:1101 the low soil moisture treatment 1071:1101 the low soil moisture treatment 1071:1101 The strongest response of cell wall ultrastructure to soil moisture was increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in the low soil moisture treatment. 27446114 6 75 theme components 1230:1239 arg1 loosening 1200:1208 the loosening 1196:1208 the loosening of cell wall pectic components 1196:1239 The higher abundance of these pectic backbone epitopes in the oxalate extract indicate that the loosening of cell wall pectic components could be associated with the release of pectic signals as a stress response. 27446114 7 76 theme soil 1394:1397 arg1 availability 1408:1419 low soil moisture availability 1390:1419 low soil moisture availability 1390:1419 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability was more pronounced in stem wood than in roots or needles. 27446114 10 77 theme cell 2135:2138 arg1 ultrastructure 2145:2158 cell wall ultrastructure 2135:2158 cell wall ultrastructure 2135:2158 To our knowledge, this is the first direct evidence, delineated by glycomic analyses, that abiotic stress affects cell wall ultrastructure. 27446114 3 78 theme pine 718:721 arg1 saplings 723:730 loblolly pine saplings 709:730 loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture 709:768 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 6 79 theme pectic 1134:1139 arg1 epitopes 1150:1157 these pectic backbone epitopes 1128:1157 these pectic backbone epitopes 1128:1157 The higher abundance of these pectic backbone epitopes in the oxalate extract indicate that the loosening of cell wall pectic components could be associated with the release of pectic signals as a stress response. 27446114 9 80 theme low 1945:1947 arg1 availability 1963:1974 low soil moisture availability 1945:1974 low soil moisture availability 1945:1974 Overall, these results indicate that cell walls of loblolly pine organs undergo changes in their ultrastructural composition and extractability as a response to soil moisture availability and that cell walls of the stem wood are more responsive to low soil moisture availability compared to cell walls of roots and needles. 27446114 6 81 theme stress 1301:1306 arg1 response 1308:1315 a stress response 1299:1315 a stress response 1299:1315 The higher abundance of these pectic backbone epitopes in the oxalate extract indicate that the loosening of cell wall pectic components could be associated with the release of pectic signals as a stress response. 27446114 5 82 theme epitopes 1059:1066 arg1 extractability 1025:1038 increased extractability 1015:1038 increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes 1015:1066 The strongest response of cell wall ultrastructure to soil moisture was increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in the low soil moisture treatment. 27446114 5 82 theme epitopes 1059:1066 arg1 response 957:964 The strongest response 943:964 The strongest response of cell wall ultrastructure to soil moisture 943:1009 The strongest response of cell wall ultrastructure to soil moisture was increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in the low soil moisture treatment. 27446114 3 83 theme wall 556:559 arg1 ultrastructure 561:574 cell wall ultrastructure 551:574 cell wall ultrastructure 551:574 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 1 84 theme macromolecular 168:181 arg1 matrix 183:188 the macromolecular matrix 164:188 the macromolecular matrix of cell walls 164:202 The composition, integrity, and architecture of the macromolecular matrix of cell walls, collectively referred to as cell wall ultrastructure, exhibits variation across species and organs and among cell types within organs. 27446114 10 85 theme direct 2057:2062 arg1 evidence 2064:2071 the first direct evidence 2047:2071 the first direct evidence 2047:2071 To our knowledge, this is the first direct evidence, delineated by glycomic analyses, that abiotic stress affects cell wall ultrastructure. 27446114 10 85 theme direct 2057:2062 arg1 this 2039:2042 this 2039:2042 this 2039:2042 To our knowledge, this is the first direct evidence, delineated by glycomic analyses, that abiotic stress affects cell wall ultrastructure. 27446114 6 86 theme cell 1213:1216 arg1 components 1230:1239 cell wall pectic components 1213:1239 cell wall pectic components 1213:1239 The higher abundance of these pectic backbone epitopes in the oxalate extract indicate that the loosening of cell wall pectic components could be associated with the release of pectic signals as a stress response. 27446114 9 87 theme moisture 1954:1961 arg1 availability 1963:1974 low soil moisture availability 1945:1974 low soil moisture availability 1945:1974 Overall, these results indicate that cell walls of loblolly pine organs undergo changes in their ultrastructural composition and extractability as a response to soil moisture availability and that cell walls of the stem wood are more responsive to low soil moisture availability compared to cell walls of roots and needles. 27446114 3 88 used used 537:540 arg2 profiling 523:531 Glycome profiling 515:531 Glycome profiling 515:531 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 3 89 theme high 743:746 arg1 moisture 761:768 high and low soil moisture 743:768 high and low soil moisture 743:768 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 9 90 theme cell 1734:1737 arg1 walls 1739:1743 cell walls 1734:1743 cell walls of loblolly pine organs 1734:1767 Overall, these results indicate that cell walls of loblolly pine organs undergo changes in their ultrastructural composition and extractability as a response to soil moisture availability and that cell walls of the stem wood are more responsive to low soil moisture availability compared to cell walls of roots and needles. 27446114 7 91 theme backbone 1357:1364 arg1 epitopes 1366:1373 pectic backbone epitopes 1350:1373 pectic backbone epitopes 1350:1373 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability was more pronounced in stem wood than in roots or needles. 27446114 6 92 theme pectic 1281:1286 arg1 signals 1288:1294 pectic signals 1281:1294 pectic signals as a stress response 1281:1315 The higher abundance of these pectic backbone epitopes in the oxalate extract indicate that the loosening of cell wall pectic components could be associated with the release of pectic signals as a stress response. 27446114 4 93 theme wall 875:878 arg1 components 880:889 cell wall components 870:889 cell wall components 870:889 Soil moisture influenced physiological processes and the overall composition and extractability of cell wall components differed as a function of soil moisture treatments. 27446114 9 94 theme cell 1988:1991 arg1 walls 1993:1997 cell walls 1988:1997 cell walls of roots and needles 1988:2018 Overall, these results indicate that cell walls of loblolly pine organs undergo changes in their ultrastructural composition and extractability as a response to soil moisture availability and that cell walls of the stem wood are more responsive to low soil moisture availability compared to cell walls of roots and needles. 27446114 5 95 theme pectic 1043:1048 arg1 epitopes 1059:1066 pectic backbone epitopes 1043:1066 pectic backbone epitopes 1043:1066 The strongest response of cell wall ultrastructure to soil moisture was increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in the low soil moisture treatment. 27446114 0 96 dep Availability 102:113 arg1 Response 81:88 Response 81:88 Response 81:88 Cell Wall Ultrastructure of Stem Wood, Roots, and Needles of a Conifer Varies in Response to Moisture Availability. 27446114 9 97 theme pine 1757:1760 arg1 organs 1762:1767 loblolly pine organs 1748:1767 loblolly pine organs 1748:1767 Overall, these results indicate that cell walls of loblolly pine organs undergo changes in their ultrastructural composition and extractability as a response to soil moisture availability and that cell walls of the stem wood are more responsive to low soil moisture availability compared to cell walls of roots and needles. 27446114 7 98 from wood 1449:1452 arg1 extractability 1332:1345 The increased extractability 1318:1345 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability 1318:1419 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability was more pronounced in stem wood than in roots or needles. 27446114 7 98 from wood 1449:1452 arg1 pronounced 1430:1439 pronounced 1430:1439 pronounced 1430:1439 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability was more pronounced in stem wood than in roots or needles. 27446114 3 99 theme low 752:754 arg1 moisture 761:768 high and low soil moisture 743:768 high and low soil moisture 743:768 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 1 100 theme cell 314:317 arg1 types 319:323 cell types 314:323 cell types within organs 314:337 The composition, integrity, and architecture of the macromolecular matrix of cell walls, collectively referred to as cell wall ultrastructure, exhibits variation across species and organs and among cell types within organs. 27446114 0 101 theme Conifer 63:69 arg1 Needles 50:56 Needles 50:56 Needles of a Conifer 50:69 Cell Wall Ultrastructure of Stem Wood, Roots, and Needles of a Conifer Varies in Response to Moisture Availability. 27446114 0 101 theme Conifer 63:69 arg1 Wood 33:36 Stem Wood 28:36 Stem Wood 28:36 Cell Wall Ultrastructure of Stem Wood, Roots, and Needles of a Conifer Varies in Response to Moisture Availability. 27446114 0 101 theme Conifer 63:69 arg1 Roots 39:43 Roots 39:43 Roots 39:43 Cell Wall Ultrastructure of Stem Wood, Roots, and Needles of a Conifer Varies in Response to Moisture Availability. 27446114 8 102 theme low 1504:1506 arg1 availability 1522:1533 low soil moisture availability 1504:1533 low soil moisture availability 1504:1533 Additional responses to low soil moisture availability were observed in lignin-associated carbohydrates released in chlorite extracts of stem wood, including an increased abundance of pectic arabinogalactan epitopes. 27446114 5 103 theme soil 1079:1082 arg1 treatment 1093:1101 the low soil moisture treatment 1071:1101 the low soil moisture treatment 1071:1101 The strongest response of cell wall ultrastructure to soil moisture was increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in the low soil moisture treatment. 27446114 5 104 theme strongest 947:955 arg1 extractability 1025:1038 increased extractability 1015:1038 increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes 1015:1066 The strongest response of cell wall ultrastructure to soil moisture was increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in the low soil moisture treatment. 27446114 5 104 theme strongest 947:955 arg1 response 957:964 The strongest response 943:964 The strongest response of cell wall ultrastructure to soil moisture 943:1009 The strongest response of cell wall ultrastructure to soil moisture was increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in the low soil moisture treatment. 27446114 4 105 theme moisture 922:929 arg1 treatments 931:940 soil moisture treatments 917:940 soil moisture treatments 917:940 Soil moisture influenced physiological processes and the overall composition and extractability of cell wall components differed as a function of soil moisture treatments. 27446114 8 106 theme moisture 1513:1520 arg1 availability 1522:1533 low soil moisture availability 1504:1533 low soil moisture availability 1504:1533 Additional responses to low soil moisture availability were observed in lignin-associated carbohydrates released in chlorite extracts of stem wood, including an increased abundance of pectic arabinogalactan epitopes. 27446114 3 107 from variation 589:597 arg1 extractability 618:631 extractability 618:631 extractability 618:631 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 3 107 from variation 589:597 arg1 composition 602:612 composition 602:612 composition 602:612 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 0 108 theme Wall 5:8 arg1 Ultrastructure 10:23 Cell Wall Ultrastructure 0:23 Cell Wall Ultrastructure of Stem Wood, Roots, and Needles of a Conifer 0:69 Cell Wall Ultrastructure of Stem Wood, Roots, and Needles of a Conifer Varies in Response to Moisture Availability. 27446114 1 109 theme wall 238:241 arg1 ultrastructure 243:256 cell wall ultrastructure 233:256 cell wall ultrastructure 233:256 The composition, integrity, and architecture of the macromolecular matrix of cell walls, collectively referred to as cell wall ultrastructure, exhibits variation across species and organs and among cell types within organs. 27446114 6 110 theme wall 1218:1221 arg1 components 1230:1239 cell wall pectic components 1213:1239 cell wall pectic components 1213:1239 The higher abundance of these pectic backbone epitopes in the oxalate extract indicate that the loosening of cell wall pectic components could be associated with the release of pectic signals as a stress response. 27446114 2 111 theme cell 397:400 arg1 ultrastructure 407:420 cell wall ultrastructure 397:420 cell wall ultrastructure 397:420 Indirect approaches have suggested that modifications to cell wall ultrastructure occur in response to abiotic stress; however, modifications have not been directly observed. 27446114 10 112 theme abiotic 2112:2118 arg1 stress 2120:2125 abiotic stress 2112:2125 abiotic stress 2112:2125 To our knowledge, this is the first direct evidence, delineated by glycomic analyses, that abiotic stress affects cell wall ultrastructure. 27446114 0 113 theme Wood 33:36 arg1 Ultrastructure 10:23 Cell Wall Ultrastructure 0:23 Cell Wall Ultrastructure of Stem Wood, Roots, and Needles of a Conifer 0:69 Cell Wall Ultrastructure of Stem Wood, Roots, and Needles of a Conifer Varies in Response to Moisture Availability. 27446114 9 114 theme ultrastructural 1794:1808 arg1 composition 1810:1820 their ultrastructural composition 1788:1820 their ultrastructural composition 1788:1820 Overall, these results indicate that cell walls of loblolly pine organs undergo changes in their ultrastructural composition and extractability as a response to soil moisture availability and that cell walls of the stem wood are more responsive to low soil moisture availability compared to cell walls of roots and needles. 27446114 0 115 theme Roots 39:43 arg1 Ultrastructure 10:23 Cell Wall Ultrastructure 0:23 Cell Wall Ultrastructure of Stem Wood, Roots, and Needles of a Conifer 0:69 Cell Wall Ultrastructure of Stem Wood, Roots, and Needles of a Conifer Varies in Response to Moisture Availability. 27446114 9 116 theme soil 1858:1861 arg1 availability 1872:1883 soil moisture availability 1858:1883 soil moisture availability 1858:1883 Overall, these results indicate that cell walls of loblolly pine organs undergo changes in their ultrastructural composition and extractability as a response to soil moisture availability and that cell walls of the stem wood are more responsive to low soil moisture availability compared to cell walls of roots and needles. 27446114 6 117 from abundance 1115:1123 arg1 extract 1174:1180 the oxalate extract 1162:1180 the oxalate extract 1162:1180 The higher abundance of these pectic backbone epitopes in the oxalate extract indicate that the loosening of cell wall pectic components could be associated with the release of pectic signals as a stress response. 27446114 10 118 theme first 2051:2055 arg1 evidence 2064:2071 the first direct evidence 2047:2071 the first direct evidence 2047:2071 To our knowledge, this is the first direct evidence, delineated by glycomic analyses, that abiotic stress affects cell wall ultrastructure. 27446114 10 118 theme first 2051:2055 arg1 this 2039:2042 this 2039:2042 this 2039:2042 To our knowledge, this is the first direct evidence, delineated by glycomic analyses, that abiotic stress affects cell wall ultrastructure. 27446114 3 119 theme non-cellulosic 636:649 arg1 glycans 651:657 non-cellulosic glycans 636:657 non-cellulosic glycans 636:657 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 8 120 theme pectic 1664:1669 arg1 epitopes 1687:1694 pectic arabinogalactan epitopes 1664:1694 pectic arabinogalactan epitopes 1664:1694 Additional responses to low soil moisture availability were observed in lignin-associated carbohydrates released in chlorite extracts of stem wood, including an increased abundance of pectic arabinogalactan epitopes. 27446114 1 121 theme cell 193:196 arg1 walls 198:202 cell walls 193:202 cell walls 193:202 The composition, integrity, and architecture of the macromolecular matrix of cell walls, collectively referred to as cell wall ultrastructure, exhibits variation across species and organs and among cell types within organs. 27446114 7 122 from needles 1471:1477 arg1 extractability 1332:1345 The increased extractability 1318:1345 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability 1318:1419 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability was more pronounced in stem wood than in roots or needles. 27446114 7 122 from needles 1471:1477 arg1 pronounced 1430:1439 pronounced 1430:1439 pronounced 1430:1439 The increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in response to low soil moisture availability was more pronounced in stem wood than in roots or needles. 27446114 5 123 theme wall 974:977 arg1 ultrastructure 979:992 cell wall ultrastructure 969:992 cell wall ultrastructure 969:992 The strongest response of cell wall ultrastructure to soil moisture was increased extractability of pectic backbone epitopes in the low soil moisture treatment. 27446114 8 124 theme stem 1617:1620 arg1 wood 1622:1625 stem wood 1617:1625 stem wood 1617:1625 Additional responses to low soil moisture availability were observed in lignin-associated carbohydrates released in chlorite extracts of stem wood, including an increased abundance of pectic arabinogalactan epitopes. 27446114 3 125 theme stem 676:679 arg1 wood 681:684 stem wood 676:684 stem wood 676:684 Glycome profiling was used to study cell wall ultrastructure by examining variation in composition and extractability of non-cellulosic glycans in cell walls of stem wood, roots, and needles of loblolly pine saplings exposed to high and low soil moisture. 27446114 8 126 theme epitopes 1687:1694 arg1 abundance 1651:1659 an increased abundance 1638:1659 an increased abundance of pectic arabinogalactan epitopes 1638:1694 Additional responses to low soil moisture availability were observed in lignin-associated carbohydrates released in chlorite extracts of stem wood, including an increased abundance of pectic arabinogalactan epitopes. 29606233 4 0 from cultivars 917:925 arg1 fraction 835:842 the ultra-filtered fraction 816:842 the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa 816:854 An investigation into the monosaccharide composition and the oligomers released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa and the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars revealed they are mostly composed of mannan and galacturonans (homogalacturonan, xylogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan). 29606233 4 0 from cultivars 917:925 arg1 fraction 877:884 the heat-treated fraction 860:884 the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars 860:925 An investigation into the monosaccharide composition and the oligomers released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa and the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars revealed they are mostly composed of mannan and galacturonans (homogalacturonan, xylogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan). 29606233 4 0 from cultivars 917:925 arg1 NSP 903:905 water-soluble NSP 889:905 water-soluble NSP from both cultivars 889:925 An investigation into the monosaccharide composition and the oligomers released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa and the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars revealed they are mostly composed of mannan and galacturonans (homogalacturonan, xylogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan). 29606233 6 1 from Thap 1388:1391 arg1 NSP 1367:1369 the NSP 1363:1369 the NSP from Nanicão and Thap Maeo banana fruits 1363:1410 Despite some specific differences, the NSP from Nanicão and Thap Maeo banana fruits may be considered prospective food immunomodulators, which contribute to the promotion of a more responsive immune system. 29606233 3 2 theme NSP 543:545 arg1 cytokines 647:655 cytokines 647:655 cytokines produced by cultured macrophages 647:688 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 2 theme NSP 543:545 arg1 oxide 632:636 nitric oxide 625:636 nitric oxide (NO) 625:641 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 2 theme NSP 543:545 arg1 effects 514:520 the effects 510:520 the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity 510:622 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 2 theme NSP 543:545 arg1 NO 639:640 NO 639:640 NO 639:640 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 5 3 theme polysaccharide 1274:1287 arg1 concentration 1289:1301 the polysaccharide concentration 1270:1301 the polysaccharide concentration 1270:1301 The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. 29606233 1 4 theme host 275:278 arg1 response 287:294 the host immune response 271:294 the host immune response to pathogens 271:307 Some diet components, such as certain indigestible polysaccharides from edible plants, may interact with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and improve the host immune response to pathogens. 29606233 0 5 theme cultured 97:104 arg1 macrophages 106:116 cultured macrophages 97:116 cultured macrophages 97:116 The water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides from bananas display immunomodulatory properties on cultured macrophages. 29606233 5 6 theme necrosis 1172:1179 arg1 TNF-α 1195:1199 TNF-α 1195:1199 TNF-α 1195:1199 The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. 29606233 5 6 theme necrosis 1172:1179 arg1 alpha 1188:1192 tumor necrosis factor alpha 1166:1192 tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) 1166:1200 The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. 29606233 6 7 dep Nanicão 1376:1382 arg1 fruits 1405:1410 Maeo banana fruits 1393:1410 Maeo banana fruits 1393:1410 Despite some specific differences, the NSP from Nanicão and Thap Maeo banana fruits may be considered prospective food immunomodulators, which contribute to the promotion of a more responsive immune system. 29606233 2 8 from bananas 352:358 arg1 NSP 342:344 NSP 342:344 NSP 342:344 The non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) from bananas are non-digestible carbohydrates that resemble some immunomodulatory polysaccharides occurring in the cell wall of cereals. 29606233 2 8 from bananas 352:358 arg1 carbohydrates 379:391 non-digestible carbohydrates 364:391 non-digestible carbohydrates that resemble some immunomodulatory polysaccharides occurring in the cell wall of cereals 364:481 The non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) from bananas are non-digestible carbohydrates that resemble some immunomodulatory polysaccharides occurring in the cell wall of cereals. 29606233 2 8 from bananas 352:358 arg1 polysaccharides 325:339 The non-starch polysaccharides 310:339 The non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) from bananas 310:358 The non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) from bananas are non-digestible carbohydrates that resemble some immunomodulatory polysaccharides occurring in the cell wall of cereals. 29606233 1 9 theme edible 191:196 arg1 plants 198:203 edible plants 191:203 edible plants 191:203 Some diet components, such as certain indigestible polysaccharides from edible plants, may interact with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and improve the host immune response to pathogens. 29606233 1 10 theme immune 280:285 arg1 response 287:294 the host immune response 271:294 the host immune response to pathogens 271:307 Some diet components, such as certain indigestible polysaccharides from edible plants, may interact with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and improve the host immune response to pathogens. 29606233 6 11 theme Maeo 1393:1396 arg1 fruits 1405:1410 Maeo banana fruits 1393:1410 Maeo banana fruits 1393:1410 Despite some specific differences, the NSP from Nanicão and Thap Maeo banana fruits may be considered prospective food immunomodulators, which contribute to the promotion of a more responsive immune system. 29606233 5 12 theme factor 1181:1186 arg1 TNF-α 1195:1199 TNF-α 1195:1199 TNF-α 1195:1199 The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. 29606233 5 12 theme factor 1181:1186 arg1 alpha 1188:1192 tumor necrosis factor alpha 1166:1192 tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) 1166:1200 The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. 29606233 2 13 theme non-starch 314:323 arg1 NSP 342:344 NSP 342:344 NSP 342:344 The non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) from bananas are non-digestible carbohydrates that resemble some immunomodulatory polysaccharides occurring in the cell wall of cereals. 29606233 2 13 theme non-starch 314:323 arg1 carbohydrates 379:391 non-digestible carbohydrates 364:391 non-digestible carbohydrates that resemble some immunomodulatory polysaccharides occurring in the cell wall of cereals 364:481 The non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) from bananas are non-digestible carbohydrates that resemble some immunomodulatory polysaccharides occurring in the cell wall of cereals. 29606233 2 13 theme non-starch 314:323 arg1 polysaccharides 325:339 The non-starch polysaccharides 310:339 The non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) from bananas 310:358 The non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) from bananas are non-digestible carbohydrates that resemble some immunomodulatory polysaccharides occurring in the cell wall of cereals. 29606233 5 14 theme nitric 1228:1233 arg1 oxide 1235:1239 nitric oxide 1228:1239 nitric oxide production 1228:1250 The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. 29606233 4 15 theme monosaccharide 735:748 arg1 composition 750:760 the monosaccharide composition 731:760 the monosaccharide composition 731:760 An investigation into the monosaccharide composition and the oligomers released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa and the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars revealed they are mostly composed of mannan and galacturonans (homogalacturonan, xylogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan). 29606233 3 16 from cytokines 647:655 arg1 activity 615:622 the phagocytic activity 600:622 the phagocytic activity 600:622 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 16 from cytokines 647:655 arg1 Nanicão 574:580 Nanicão 574:580 Nanicão 574:580 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 16 from cytokines 647:655 arg1 cultivars 563:571 two banana cultivars 552:571 two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) 552:595 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 16 from cytokines 647:655 arg1 Thap 586:589 Thap 586:589 Thap 586:589 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 17 dep cultivars 563:571 arg1 Nanicão 574:580 Nanicão 574:580 Nanicão 574:580 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 17 dep cultivars 563:571 arg1 cultivars 563:571 two banana cultivars 552:571 two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) 552:595 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 17 dep cultivars 563:571 arg1 Thap 586:589 Thap 586:589 Thap 586:589 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 18 from oxide 632:636 arg1 activity 615:622 the phagocytic activity 600:622 the phagocytic activity 600:622 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 18 from oxide 632:636 arg1 Nanicão 574:580 Nanicão 574:580 Nanicão 574:580 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 18 from oxide 632:636 arg1 cultivars 563:571 two banana cultivars 552:571 two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) 552:595 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 18 from oxide 632:636 arg1 Thap 586:589 Thap 586:589 Thap 586:589 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 5 19 theme oxide 1235:1239 arg1 production 1241:1250 nitric oxide production 1228:1250 nitric oxide production 1228:1250 The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. 29606233 0 20 from bananas 50:56 arg1 polysaccharides 29:43 The water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides 0:43 The water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides from bananas 0:56 The water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides from bananas display immunomodulatory properties on cultured macrophages. 29606233 4 21 theme fraction 877:884 arg1 hydrolysis 802:811 enzymatic hydrolysis 792:811 enzymatic hydrolysis of the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa and the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars 792:925 An investigation into the monosaccharide composition and the oligomers released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa and the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars revealed they are mostly composed of mannan and galacturonans (homogalacturonan, xylogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan). 29606233 3 22 from effects 514:520 arg1 activity 615:622 the phagocytic activity 600:622 the phagocytic activity 600:622 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 22 from effects 514:520 arg1 Nanicão 574:580 Nanicão 574:580 Nanicão 574:580 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 22 from effects 514:520 arg1 cultivars 563:571 two banana cultivars 552:571 two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) 552:595 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 22 from effects 514:520 arg1 Thap 586:589 Thap 586:589 Thap 586:589 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 4 23 dep mannan 964:969 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan 1029:1046 rhamnogalacturonan 1029:1046 rhamnogalacturonan 1029:1046 An investigation into the monosaccharide composition and the oligomers released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa and the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars revealed they are mostly composed of mannan and galacturonans (homogalacturonan, xylogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan). 29606233 4 23 dep mannan 964:969 arg1 xylogalacturonan 1008:1023 xylogalacturonan 1008:1023 xylogalacturonan 1008:1023 An investigation into the monosaccharide composition and the oligomers released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa and the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars revealed they are mostly composed of mannan and galacturonans (homogalacturonan, xylogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan). 29606233 4 23 dep mannan 964:969 arg1 homogalacturonan 990:1005 homogalacturonan 990:1005 homogalacturonan 990:1005 An investigation into the monosaccharide composition and the oligomers released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa and the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars revealed they are mostly composed of mannan and galacturonans (homogalacturonan, xylogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan). 29606233 0 24 theme water-soluble 4:16 arg1 polysaccharides 29:43 The water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides 0:43 The water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides from bananas 0:56 The water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides from bananas display immunomodulatory properties on cultured macrophages. 29606233 4 25 from fraction 877:884 arg1 cultivars 917:925 both cultivars 912:925 both cultivars 912:925 An investigation into the monosaccharide composition and the oligomers released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa and the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars revealed they are mostly composed of mannan and galacturonans (homogalacturonan, xylogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan). 29606233 4 26 theme NSP 903:905 arg1 fraction 835:842 the ultra-filtered fraction 816:842 the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa 816:854 An investigation into the monosaccharide composition and the oligomers released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa and the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars revealed they are mostly composed of mannan and galacturonans (homogalacturonan, xylogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan). 29606233 4 26 theme NSP 903:905 arg1 fraction 877:884 the heat-treated fraction 860:884 the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars 860:925 An investigation into the monosaccharide composition and the oligomers released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa and the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars revealed they are mostly composed of mannan and galacturonans (homogalacturonan, xylogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan). 29606233 6 27 from Nanicão 1376:1382 arg1 NSP 1367:1369 the NSP 1363:1369 the NSP from Nanicão and Thap Maeo banana fruits 1363:1410 Despite some specific differences, the NSP from Nanicão and Thap Maeo banana fruits may be considered prospective food immunomodulators, which contribute to the promotion of a more responsive immune system. 29606233 5 28 from release 1155:1161 arg1 activity 1138:1145 the phagocytic activity 1123:1145 the phagocytic activity 1123:1145 The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. 29606233 4 29 theme water-soluble 889:901 arg1 NSP 903:905 water-soluble NSP 889:905 water-soluble NSP from both cultivars 889:925 An investigation into the monosaccharide composition and the oligomers released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa and the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars revealed they are mostly composed of mannan and galacturonans (homogalacturonan, xylogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan). 29606233 2 30 theme immunomodulatory 412:427 arg1 polysaccharides 429:443 some immunomodulatory polysaccharides 407:443 some immunomodulatory polysaccharides occurring in the cell wall of cereals 407:481 The non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) from bananas are non-digestible carbohydrates that resemble some immunomodulatory polysaccharides occurring in the cell wall of cereals. 29606233 5 31 theme interleukin-6 1203:1215 arg1 release 1155:1161 the release 1151:1161 the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production 1151:1250 The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. 29606233 5 31 theme interleukin-6 1203:1215 arg1 dependent 1257:1265 dependent 1257:1265 dependent 1257:1265 The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. 29606233 5 31 theme interleukin-6 1203:1215 arg1 effects 1112:1118 the effects 1108:1118 the effects on the phagocytic activity 1108:1145 The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. 29606233 1 32 theme diet 124:127 arg1 polysaccharides 170:184 certain indigestible polysaccharides 149:184 certain indigestible polysaccharides from edible plants 149:203 Some diet components, such as certain indigestible polysaccharides from edible plants, may interact with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and improve the host immune response to pathogens. 29606233 1 32 theme diet 124:127 arg1 components 129:138 Some diet components 119:138 Some diet components 119:138 Some diet components, such as certain indigestible polysaccharides from edible plants, may interact with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and improve the host immune response to pathogens. 29606233 2 33 theme cereals 475:481 arg1 wall 467:470 the cell wall 458:470 the cell wall of cereals 458:481 The non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) from bananas are non-digestible carbohydrates that resemble some immunomodulatory polysaccharides occurring in the cell wall of cereals. 29606233 5 34 theme tumor 1166:1170 arg1 TNF-α 1195:1199 TNF-α 1195:1199 TNF-α 1195:1199 The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. 29606233 5 34 theme tumor 1166:1170 arg1 alpha 1188:1192 tumor necrosis factor alpha 1166:1192 tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) 1166:1200 The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. 29606233 1 35 theme gut-associated 228:241 arg1 tissue 252:257 the gut-associated lymphoid tissue 224:257 the gut-associated lymphoid tissue 224:257 Some diet components, such as certain indigestible polysaccharides from edible plants, may interact with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and improve the host immune response to pathogens. 29606233 2 36 theme cell 462:465 arg1 wall 467:470 the cell wall 458:470 the cell wall of cereals 458:481 The non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) from bananas are non-digestible carbohydrates that resemble some immunomodulatory polysaccharides occurring in the cell wall of cereals. 29606233 6 37 theme food 1442:1445 arg1 immunomodulators 1447:1462 prospective food immunomodulators 1430:1462 prospective food immunomodulators 1430:1462 Despite some specific differences, the NSP from Nanicão and Thap Maeo banana fruits may be considered prospective food immunomodulators, which contribute to the promotion of a more responsive immune system. 29606233 5 38 theme alpha 1188:1192 arg1 release 1155:1161 the release 1151:1161 the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production 1151:1250 The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. 29606233 5 38 theme alpha 1188:1192 arg1 dependent 1257:1265 dependent 1257:1265 dependent 1257:1265 The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. 29606233 5 38 theme alpha 1188:1192 arg1 effects 1112:1118 the effects 1108:1118 the effects on the phagocytic activity 1108:1145 The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. 29606233 5 39 from effects 1112:1118 arg1 activity 1138:1145 the phagocytic activity 1123:1145 the phagocytic activity 1123:1145 The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. 29606233 1 40 theme lymphoid 243:250 arg1 tissue 252:257 the gut-associated lymphoid tissue 224:257 the gut-associated lymphoid tissue 224:257 Some diet components, such as certain indigestible polysaccharides from edible plants, may interact with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and improve the host immune response to pathogens. 29606233 0 41 theme immunomodulatory 66:81 arg1 properties 83:92 immunomodulatory properties 66:92 immunomodulatory properties 66:92 The water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides from bananas display immunomodulatory properties on cultured macrophages. 29606233 5 42 theme phagocytic 1127:1136 arg1 activity 1138:1145 the phagocytic activity 1123:1145 the phagocytic activity 1123:1145 The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. 29606233 4 43 theme heat-treated 864:875 arg1 fraction 877:884 the heat-treated fraction 860:884 the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars 860:925 An investigation into the monosaccharide composition and the oligomers released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa and the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars revealed they are mostly composed of mannan and galacturonans (homogalacturonan, xylogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan). 29606233 2 44 theme non-digestible 364:377 arg1 polysaccharides 325:339 The non-starch polysaccharides 310:339 The non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) from bananas 310:358 The non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) from bananas are non-digestible carbohydrates that resemble some immunomodulatory polysaccharides occurring in the cell wall of cereals. 29606233 2 44 theme non-digestible 364:377 arg1 carbohydrates 379:391 non-digestible carbohydrates 364:391 non-digestible carbohydrates that resemble some immunomodulatory polysaccharides occurring in the cell wall of cereals 364:481 The non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) from bananas are non-digestible carbohydrates that resemble some immunomodulatory polysaccharides occurring in the cell wall of cereals. 29606233 6 45 theme specific 1341:1348 arg1 differences 1350:1360 some specific differences 1336:1360 some specific differences 1336:1360 Despite some specific differences, the NSP from Nanicão and Thap Maeo banana fruits may be considered prospective food immunomodulators, which contribute to the promotion of a more responsive immune system. 29606233 3 46 theme phagocytic 604:613 arg1 activity 615:622 the phagocytic activity 600:622 the phagocytic activity 600:622 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 47 theme water-soluble 529:541 arg1 NSP 543:545 the water-soluble NSP 525:545 the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) 525:595 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 6 48 theme system 1527:1532 arg1 promotion 1489:1497 the promotion 1485:1497 the promotion of a more responsive immune system 1485:1532 Despite some specific differences, the NSP from Nanicão and Thap Maeo banana fruits may be considered prospective food immunomodulators, which contribute to the promotion of a more responsive immune system. 29606233 4 49 theme fraction 835:842 arg1 hydrolysis 802:811 enzymatic hydrolysis 792:811 enzymatic hydrolysis of the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa and the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars 792:925 An investigation into the monosaccharide composition and the oligomers released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa and the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars revealed they are mostly composed of mannan and galacturonans (homogalacturonan, xylogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan). 29606233 4 50 theme ultra-filtered 820:833 arg1 fraction 835:842 the ultra-filtered fraction 816:842 the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa 816:854 An investigation into the monosaccharide composition and the oligomers released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa and the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars revealed they are mostly composed of mannan and galacturonans (homogalacturonan, xylogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan). 29606233 3 51 dep Nanicão 574:580 arg1 Maeo 591:594 Maeo 591:594 Maeo 591:594 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 5 52 theme cultivar 1311:1318 arg1 origin 1320:1325 the cultivar origin 1307:1325 the cultivar origin 1307:1325 The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. 29606233 5 53 theme production 1241:1250 arg1 release 1155:1161 the release 1151:1161 the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production 1151:1250 The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. 29606233 5 53 theme production 1241:1250 arg1 dependent 1257:1265 dependent 1257:1265 dependent 1257:1265 The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. 29606233 5 53 theme production 1241:1250 arg1 effects 1112:1118 the effects 1108:1118 the effects on the phagocytic activity 1108:1145 The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. 29606233 6 54 theme banana 1398:1403 arg1 fruits 1405:1410 Maeo banana fruits 1393:1410 Maeo banana fruits 1393:1410 Despite some specific differences, the NSP from Nanicão and Thap Maeo banana fruits may be considered prospective food immunomodulators, which contribute to the promotion of a more responsive immune system. 29606233 4 55 theme enzymatic 792:800 arg1 hydrolysis 802:811 enzymatic hydrolysis 792:811 enzymatic hydrolysis of the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa and the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars 792:925 An investigation into the monosaccharide composition and the oligomers released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa and the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars revealed they are mostly composed of mannan and galacturonans (homogalacturonan, xylogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan). 29606233 1 56 theme certain 149:155 arg1 polysaccharides 170:184 certain indigestible polysaccharides 149:184 certain indigestible polysaccharides from edible plants 149:203 Some diet components, such as certain indigestible polysaccharides from edible plants, may interact with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and improve the host immune response to pathogens. 29606233 6 57 theme responsive 1509:1518 arg1 system 1527:1532 a more responsive immune system 1502:1532 a more responsive immune system 1502:1532 Despite some specific differences, the NSP from Nanicão and Thap Maeo banana fruits may be considered prospective food immunomodulators, which contribute to the promotion of a more responsive immune system. 29606233 3 58 theme cultured 669:676 arg1 macrophages 678:688 cultured macrophages 669:688 cultured macrophages 669:688 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 59 theme nitric 625:630 arg1 oxide 632:636 nitric oxide 625:636 nitric oxide (NO) 625:641 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 59 theme nitric 625:630 arg1 NO 639:640 NO 639:640 NO 639:640 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 4 60 from fraction 835:842 arg1 cultivars 917:925 both cultivars 912:925 both cultivars 912:925 An investigation into the monosaccharide composition and the oligomers released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa and the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars revealed they are mostly composed of mannan and galacturonans (homogalacturonan, xylogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan). 29606233 1 61 theme indigestible 157:168 arg1 polysaccharides 170:184 certain indigestible polysaccharides 149:184 certain indigestible polysaccharides from edible plants 149:203 Some diet components, such as certain indigestible polysaccharides from edible plants, may interact with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and improve the host immune response to pathogens. 29606233 6 62 theme immune 1520:1525 arg1 system 1527:1532 a more responsive immune system 1502:1532 a more responsive immune system 1502:1532 Despite some specific differences, the NSP from Nanicão and Thap Maeo banana fruits may be considered prospective food immunomodulators, which contribute to the promotion of a more responsive immune system. 29606233 6 63 theme prospective 1430:1440 arg1 immunomodulators 1447:1462 prospective food immunomodulators 1430:1462 prospective food immunomodulators 1430:1462 Despite some specific differences, the NSP from Nanicão and Thap Maeo banana fruits may be considered prospective food immunomodulators, which contribute to the promotion of a more responsive immune system. 29606233 0 64 theme non-starch 18:27 arg1 polysaccharides 29:43 The water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides 0:43 The water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides from bananas 0:56 The water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides from bananas display immunomodulatory properties on cultured macrophages. 29606233 1 65 from plants 198:203 arg1 polysaccharides 170:184 certain indigestible polysaccharides 149:184 certain indigestible polysaccharides from edible plants 149:203 Some diet components, such as certain indigestible polysaccharides from edible plants, may interact with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and improve the host immune response to pathogens. 29606233 3 66 theme banana 556:561 arg1 Nanicão 574:580 Nanicão 574:580 Nanicão 574:580 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 66 theme banana 556:561 arg1 cultivars 563:571 two banana cultivars 552:571 two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) 552:595 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 66 theme banana 556:561 arg1 Thap 586:589 Thap 586:589 Thap 586:589 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 67 from cultivars 563:571 arg1 cytokines 647:655 cytokines 647:655 cytokines produced by cultured macrophages 647:688 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 67 from cultivars 563:571 arg1 oxide 632:636 nitric oxide 625:636 nitric oxide (NO) 625:641 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 67 from cultivars 563:571 arg1 effects 514:520 the effects 510:520 the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity 510:622 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 67 from cultivars 563:571 arg1 NSP 543:545 the water-soluble NSP 525:545 the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) 525:595 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 29606233 3 67 from cultivars 563:571 arg1 NO 639:640 NO 639:640 NO 639:640 Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. 27431797 5 0 theme anti-inflammatory 784:800 arg1 drug 802:805 anti-inflammatory drug 784:805 anti-inflammatory drug 784:805 Nicotinamide (Nic) as anti-inflammatory drug was entrapped into Ag-NPS/ALG/nonwoven fabrics. 27431797 4 1 theme nonwoven 708:715 arg1 fabrics 717:723 the nonwoven fabrics 704:723 impregnated the nonwoven fabrics as per the padding-curing technique 692:759 Nonwoven viscous fabrics were used as a carrier for silver/alginate/nanoparticles composite by impregnated the nonwoven fabrics as per the padding-curing technique. 27431797 1 2 dep nanoparticles 139:151 arg1 composite 153:161 composite 153:161 Silver/Alginate/Nicotinamide nanoparticles composite (Ag/ALG/Nic) 110:174 Silver/Alginate/Nicotinamide nanoparticles composite (Ag/ALG/Nic) was prepared and used for the first time to fabricate wound dressing material. 27431797 1 2 dep nanoparticles 139:151 arg1 Ag/ALG/Nic 164:173 Ag/ALG/Nic 164:173 Ag/ALG/Nic 164:173 Silver/Alginate/Nicotinamide nanoparticles composite (Ag/ALG/Nic) was prepared and used for the first time to fabricate wound dressing material. 27431797 8 3 theme wound 1188:1192 arg1 healing 1194:1200 wound healing 1188:1200 wound healing 1188:1200 The wound healing and histological studied were evaluated by using burn diabetic rat animals. 27431797 6 4 theme electron 864:871 arg1 microscope 873:882 Scanning electron microscope 855:882 Scanning electron microscope 855:882 Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) were used to evaluate the presence of Ag/ALG/Nic nanoparticles composite anchored the nonwoven fabrics. 27431797 1 5 theme first 206:210 arg1 time 212:215 the first time 202:215 the first time 202:215 Silver/Alginate/Nicotinamide nanoparticles composite (Ag/ALG/Nic) was prepared and used for the first time to fabricate wound dressing material. 27431797 3 6 theme concentrations 381:394 arg1 Effect 371:376 Effect 371:376 Effect of concentrations of alginate (ALG) on the particle size of silver 371:443 Effect of concentrations of alginate (ALG) on the particle size of silver were studied and confirmed by different techniques like UV/vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). 27431797 6 7 theme Scanning 855:862 arg1 microscope 873:882 Scanning electron microscope 855:882 Scanning electron microscope 855:882 Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) were used to evaluate the presence of Ag/ALG/Nic nanoparticles composite anchored the nonwoven fabrics. 27431797 3 8 theme light 573:577 arg1 DLS 591:593 DLS 591:593 DLS 591:593 Effect of concentrations of alginate (ALG) on the particle size of silver were studied and confirmed by different techniques like UV/vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). 27431797 3 8 theme light 573:577 arg1 scattering 579:588 dynamic light scattering 565:588 dynamic light scattering (DLS) 565:594 Effect of concentrations of alginate (ALG) on the particle size of silver were studied and confirmed by different techniques like UV/vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). 27431797 4 9 theme Nonwoven 597:604 arg1 carrier 637:643 a carrier 635:643 a carrier for silver/alginate/nanoparticles composite by impregnated the nonwoven fabrics as per the padding-curing technique 635:759 Nonwoven viscous fabrics were used as a carrier for silver/alginate/nanoparticles composite by impregnated the nonwoven fabrics as per the padding-curing technique. 27431797 4 9 theme Nonwoven 597:604 arg1 fabrics 614:620 Nonwoven viscous fabrics 597:620 Nonwoven viscous fabrics 597:620 Nonwoven viscous fabrics were used as a carrier for silver/alginate/nanoparticles composite by impregnated the nonwoven fabrics as per the padding-curing technique. 27431797 8 10 dep healing 1194:1200 arg1 The 1184:1186 The 1184:1186 The 1184:1186 The wound healing and histological studied were evaluated by using burn diabetic rat animals. 27431797 2 11 theme stabilizing 302:312 arg1 agents 314:319 reducing and stabilizing agents 289:319 agents 314:319 Sodium alginate (ALG) was used as reducing and stabilizing agents for preparation of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). 27431797 2 11 theme stabilizing 302:312 arg1 alginate 262:269 Sodium alginate 255:269 Sodium alginate (ALG) 255:275 Sodium alginate (ALG) was used as reducing and stabilizing agents for preparation of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). 27431797 2 12 used used 281:284 arg2 alginate 262:269 Sodium alginate 255:269 Sodium alginate (ALG) 255:275 Sodium alginate (ALG) was used as reducing and stabilizing agents for preparation of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). 27431797 2 12 used used 281:284 arg2 agents 314:319 reducing and stabilizing agents 289:319 agents 314:319 Sodium alginate (ALG) was used as reducing and stabilizing agents for preparation of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). 27431797 2 12 used used 281:284 arg2 ALG 272:274 ALG 272:274 ALG 272:274 Sodium alginate (ALG) was used as reducing and stabilizing agents for preparation of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). 27431797 8 13 theme rat 1265:1267 arg1 animals 1269:1275 burn diabetic rat animals 1251:1275 burn diabetic rat animals 1251:1275 The wound healing and histological studied were evaluated by using burn diabetic rat animals. 27431797 1 14 theme Silver/Alginate/Nicotinamide 110:137 arg1 nanoparticles 139:151 Silver/Alginate/Nicotinamide nanoparticles composite (Ag/ALG/Nic) 110:174 Silver/Alginate/Nicotinamide nanoparticles composite (Ag/ALG/Nic) 110:174 Silver/Alginate/Nicotinamide nanoparticles composite (Ag/ALG/Nic) was prepared and used for the first time to fabricate wound dressing material. 27431797 2 15 theme nanoparticles 347:359 arg1 preparation 325:335 preparation 325:335 preparation of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) 325:368 Sodium alginate (ALG) was used as reducing and stabilizing agents for preparation of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). 27431797 4 16 theme impregnated 692:702 arg1 fabrics 717:723 the nonwoven fabrics 704:723 impregnated the nonwoven fabrics as per the padding-curing technique 692:759 Nonwoven viscous fabrics were used as a carrier for silver/alginate/nanoparticles composite by impregnated the nonwoven fabrics as per the padding-curing technique. 27431797 7 17 dep St. 1171:1173 arg1 Aureus 1175:1180 St. Aureus 1171:1180 St. Aureus 1171:1180 The antibacterial activity of the Ag/ALG/Nic wound dressing material was evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus Aureus (St. Aureus). 27431797 2 18 theme silver 340:345 arg1 Ag-NPs 362:367 Ag-NPs 362:367 Ag-NPs 362:367 Sodium alginate (ALG) was used as reducing and stabilizing agents for preparation of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). 27431797 2 18 theme silver 340:345 arg1 nanoparticles 347:359 silver nanoparticles 340:359 silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) 340:368 Sodium alginate (ALG) was used as reducing and stabilizing agents for preparation of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). 27431797 3 19 theme silver 438:443 arg1 size 430:433 the particle size 417:433 the particle size of silver 417:443 Effect of concentrations of alginate (ALG) on the particle size of silver were studied and confirmed by different techniques like UV/vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). 27431797 3 20 theme alginate 399:406 arg1 concentrations 381:394 concentrations 381:394 concentrations of alginate (ALG) 381:412 Effect of concentrations of alginate (ALG) on the particle size of silver were studied and confirmed by different techniques like UV/vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). 27431797 3 21 theme dynamic 565:571 arg1 DLS 591:593 DLS 591:593 DLS 591:593 Effect of concentrations of alginate (ALG) on the particle size of silver were studied and confirmed by different techniques like UV/vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). 27431797 3 21 theme dynamic 565:571 arg1 scattering 579:588 dynamic light scattering 565:588 dynamic light scattering (DLS) 565:594 Effect of concentrations of alginate (ALG) on the particle size of silver were studied and confirmed by different techniques like UV/vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). 27431797 1 22 theme dressing 236:243 arg1 material 245:252 wound dressing material 230:252 wound dressing material 230:252 Silver/Alginate/Nicotinamide nanoparticles composite (Ag/ALG/Nic) was prepared and used for the first time to fabricate wound dressing material. 27431797 6 23 theme dispersive 895:904 arg1 SEM-EDX 913:919 SEM-EDX 913:919 SEM-EDX 913:919 Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) were used to evaluate the presence of Ag/ALG/Nic nanoparticles composite anchored the nonwoven fabrics. 27431797 6 23 theme dispersive 895:904 arg1 x-ray 906:910 energy dispersive x-ray 888:910 energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) 888:920 Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) were used to evaluate the presence of Ag/ALG/Nic nanoparticles composite anchored the nonwoven fabrics. 27431797 4 24 used used 627:630 arg2 fabrics 614:620 Nonwoven viscous fabrics 597:620 Nonwoven viscous fabrics 597:620 Nonwoven viscous fabrics were used as a carrier for silver/alginate/nanoparticles composite by impregnated the nonwoven fabrics as per the padding-curing technique. 27431797 4 24 used used 627:630 arg2 carrier 637:643 a carrier 635:643 a carrier for silver/alginate/nanoparticles composite by impregnated the nonwoven fabrics as per the padding-curing technique 635:759 Nonwoven viscous fabrics were used as a carrier for silver/alginate/nanoparticles composite by impregnated the nonwoven fabrics as per the padding-curing technique. 27431797 3 25 from Effect 371:376 arg1 size 430:433 the particle size 417:433 the particle size of silver 417:443 Effect of concentrations of alginate (ALG) on the particle size of silver were studied and confirmed by different techniques like UV/vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). 27431797 3 26 theme transmission 522:533 arg1 TEM 556:558 TEM 556:558 TEM 556:558 Effect of concentrations of alginate (ALG) on the particle size of silver were studied and confirmed by different techniques like UV/vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). 27431797 3 26 theme transmission 522:533 arg1 microscope 544:553 transmission electron microscope 522:553 transmission electron microscope (TEM) 522:559 Effect of concentrations of alginate (ALG) on the particle size of silver were studied and confirmed by different techniques like UV/vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). 27431797 3 27 theme different 475:483 arg1 techniques 485:494 different techniques 475:494 different techniques like UV/vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) 475:594 Effect of concentrations of alginate (ALG) on the particle size of silver were studied and confirmed by different techniques like UV/vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). 27431797 3 28 theme particle 421:428 arg1 size 430:433 the particle size 417:433 the particle size of silver 417:443 Effect of concentrations of alginate (ALG) on the particle size of silver were studied and confirmed by different techniques like UV/vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). 27431797 6 29 theme nonwoven 1008:1015 arg1 fabrics 1017:1023 the nonwoven fabrics 1004:1023 anchored the nonwoven fabrics 995:1023 Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) were used to evaluate the presence of Ag/ALG/Nic nanoparticles composite anchored the nonwoven fabrics. 27431797 1 30 theme wound 230:234 arg1 material 245:252 wound dressing material 230:252 wound dressing material 230:252 Silver/Alginate/Nicotinamide nanoparticles composite (Ag/ALG/Nic) was prepared and used for the first time to fabricate wound dressing material. 27431797 0 31 theme alginate/silver/nicotinamide 36:63 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of alginate/silver/nicotinamide nanocomposites for treating diabetic wounds. 27431797 0 31 theme alginate/silver/nicotinamide 36:63 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of alginate/silver/nicotinamide nanocomposites for treating diabetic wounds. 27431797 8 32 theme diabetic 1256:1263 arg1 animals 1269:1275 burn diabetic rat animals 1251:1275 burn diabetic rat animals 1251:1275 The wound healing and histological studied were evaluated by using burn diabetic rat animals. 27431797 8 33 theme burn 1251:1254 arg1 animals 1269:1275 burn diabetic rat animals 1251:1275 burn diabetic rat animals 1251:1275 The wound healing and histological studied were evaluated by using burn diabetic rat animals. 27431797 7 34 theme dressing 1077:1084 arg1 material 1086:1093 the Ag/ALG/Nic wound dressing material 1056:1093 the Ag/ALG/Nic wound dressing material 1056:1093 The antibacterial activity of the Ag/ALG/Nic wound dressing material was evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus Aureus (St. Aureus). 27431797 6 35 theme anchored 995:1002 arg1 fabrics 1017:1023 the nonwoven fabrics 1004:1023 anchored the nonwoven fabrics 995:1023 Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) were used to evaluate the presence of Ag/ALG/Nic nanoparticles composite anchored the nonwoven fabrics. 27431797 6 36 used used 927:930 arg2 microscope 873:882 Scanning electron microscope 855:882 Scanning electron microscope 855:882 Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) were used to evaluate the presence of Ag/ALG/Nic nanoparticles composite anchored the nonwoven fabrics. 27431797 6 36 used used 927:930 arg2 SEM-EDX 913:919 SEM-EDX 913:919 SEM-EDX 913:919 Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) were used to evaluate the presence of Ag/ALG/Nic nanoparticles composite anchored the nonwoven fabrics. 27431797 6 36 used used 927:930 arg2 x-ray 906:910 energy dispersive x-ray 888:910 energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) 888:920 Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) were used to evaluate the presence of Ag/ALG/Nic nanoparticles composite anchored the nonwoven fabrics. 27431797 7 37 theme material 1086:1093 arg1 activity 1044:1051 The antibacterial activity 1026:1051 The antibacterial activity of the Ag/ALG/Nic wound dressing material 1026:1093 The antibacterial activity of the Ag/ALG/Nic wound dressing material was evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus Aureus (St. Aureus). 27431797 3 38 theme UV/vis 501:506 arg1 spectroscopy 508:519 UV/vis spectroscopy 501:519 UV/vis spectroscopy 501:519 Effect of concentrations of alginate (ALG) on the particle size of silver were studied and confirmed by different techniques like UV/vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). 27431797 5 39 theme Ag-NPS/ALG/nonwoven 826:844 arg1 fabrics 846:852 Ag-NPS/ALG/nonwoven fabrics 826:852 Ag-NPS/ALG/nonwoven fabrics 826:852 Nicotinamide (Nic) as anti-inflammatory drug was entrapped into Ag-NPS/ALG/nonwoven fabrics. 27431797 2 40 theme Sodium 255:260 arg1 ALG 272:274 ALG 272:274 ALG 272:274 Sodium alginate (ALG) was used as reducing and stabilizing agents for preparation of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). 27431797 2 40 theme Sodium 255:260 arg1 agents 314:319 reducing and stabilizing agents 289:319 agents 314:319 Sodium alginate (ALG) was used as reducing and stabilizing agents for preparation of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). 27431797 2 40 theme Sodium 255:260 arg1 alginate 262:269 Sodium alginate 255:269 Sodium alginate (ALG) 255:275 Sodium alginate (ALG) was used as reducing and stabilizing agents for preparation of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). 27431797 7 41 theme Ag/ALG/Nic 1060:1069 arg1 material 1086:1093 the Ag/ALG/Nic wound dressing material 1056:1093 the Ag/ALG/Nic wound dressing material 1056:1093 The antibacterial activity of the Ag/ALG/Nic wound dressing material was evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus Aureus (St. Aureus). 27431797 6 42 theme nanoparticles 971:983 arg1 presence 948:955 the presence 944:955 the presence of Ag/ALG/Nic nanoparticles composite anchored the nonwoven fabrics 944:1023 Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) were used to evaluate the presence of Ag/ALG/Nic nanoparticles composite anchored the nonwoven fabrics. 27431797 6 43 theme energy 888:893 arg1 SEM-EDX 913:919 SEM-EDX 913:919 SEM-EDX 913:919 Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) were used to evaluate the presence of Ag/ALG/Nic nanoparticles composite anchored the nonwoven fabrics. 27431797 6 43 theme energy 888:893 arg1 x-ray 906:910 energy dispersive x-ray 888:910 energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) 888:920 Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) were used to evaluate the presence of Ag/ALG/Nic nanoparticles composite anchored the nonwoven fabrics. 27431797 2 44 theme reducing 289:296 arg1 agents 314:319 reducing and stabilizing agents 289:319 agents 314:319 Sodium alginate (ALG) was used as reducing and stabilizing agents for preparation of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). 27431797 2 44 theme reducing 289:296 arg1 alginate 262:269 Sodium alginate 255:269 Sodium alginate (ALG) 255:275 Sodium alginate (ALG) was used as reducing and stabilizing agents for preparation of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). 27431797 7 45 theme wound 1071:1075 arg1 material 1086:1093 the Ag/ALG/Nic wound dressing material 1056:1093 the Ag/ALG/Nic wound dressing material 1056:1093 The antibacterial activity of the Ag/ALG/Nic wound dressing material was evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus Aureus (St. Aureus). 27431797 1 46 used used 193:196 arg2 nanoparticles 139:151 Silver/Alginate/Nicotinamide nanoparticles composite (Ag/ALG/Nic) 110:174 Silver/Alginate/Nicotinamide nanoparticles composite (Ag/ALG/Nic) 110:174 Silver/Alginate/Nicotinamide nanoparticles composite (Ag/ALG/Nic) was prepared and used for the first time to fabricate wound dressing material. 27431797 4 47 theme padding-curing 736:749 arg1 technique 751:759 the padding-curing technique 732:759 the padding-curing technique 732:759 Nonwoven viscous fabrics were used as a carrier for silver/alginate/nanoparticles composite by impregnated the nonwoven fabrics as per the padding-curing technique. 27431797 4 48 theme viscous 606:612 arg1 carrier 637:643 a carrier 635:643 a carrier for silver/alginate/nanoparticles composite by impregnated the nonwoven fabrics as per the padding-curing technique 635:759 Nonwoven viscous fabrics were used as a carrier for silver/alginate/nanoparticles composite by impregnated the nonwoven fabrics as per the padding-curing technique. 27431797 4 48 theme viscous 606:612 arg1 fabrics 614:620 Nonwoven viscous fabrics 597:620 Nonwoven viscous fabrics 597:620 Nonwoven viscous fabrics were used as a carrier for silver/alginate/nanoparticles composite by impregnated the nonwoven fabrics as per the padding-curing technique. 27431797 7 49 dep coli 1129:1132 arg1 coli 1138:1141 E. coli 1135:1141 E. coli 1135:1141 The antibacterial activity of the Ag/ALG/Nic wound dressing material was evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus Aureus (St. Aureus). 27431797 3 50 theme electron 535:542 arg1 TEM 556:558 TEM 556:558 TEM 556:558 Effect of concentrations of alginate (ALG) on the particle size of silver were studied and confirmed by different techniques like UV/vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). 27431797 3 50 theme electron 535:542 arg1 microscope 544:553 transmission electron microscope 522:553 transmission electron microscope (TEM) 522:559 Effect of concentrations of alginate (ALG) on the particle size of silver were studied and confirmed by different techniques like UV/vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). 27431797 0 51 theme diabetic 93:100 arg1 wounds 102:107 diabetic wounds 93:107 diabetic wounds 93:107 Preparation and characterization of alginate/silver/nicotinamide nanocomposites for treating diabetic wounds. 27431797 6 52 theme Ag/ALG/Nic 960:969 arg1 nanoparticles 971:983 Ag/ALG/Nic nanoparticles 960:983 Ag/ALG/Nic nanoparticles composite anchored the nonwoven fabrics 960:1023 Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) were used to evaluate the presence of Ag/ALG/Nic nanoparticles composite anchored the nonwoven fabrics. 27431797 4 53 dep silver/alginate/nanoparticles 649:677 arg1 composite 679:687 composite 679:687 composite 679:687 Nonwoven viscous fabrics were used as a carrier for silver/alginate/nanoparticles composite by impregnated the nonwoven fabrics as per the padding-curing technique. 27431797 7 54 theme antibacterial 1030:1042 arg1 activity 1044:1051 The antibacterial activity 1026:1051 The antibacterial activity of the Ag/ALG/Nic wound dressing material 1026:1093 The antibacterial activity of the Ag/ALG/Nic wound dressing material was evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus Aureus (St. Aureus). 24021730 5 0 dep similarity 449:458 arg1 % 433:433 % 433:433 % 433:433 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 7 1 dep anteiso-C17  814:825 arg1  0 843:844  0 843:844  0 843:844 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. 24021730 7 1 dep anteiso-C17  814:825 arg1 iso-C16  834:841 iso-C16  834:841 iso-C16  834:841 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. 24021730 7 1 dep anteiso-C17  814:825 arg1  0 827:828  0 827:828  0 827:828 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. 24021730 14 2 theme pervagus 1838:1845 arg1 sp 1847:1848 Bacillus pervagus sp 1829:1848 Bacillus pervagus sp 1829:1848 On the basis of their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) represent novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the names Bacillus pervagus sp. 24021730 15 3 theme T 1892:1892 arg1 T 1907:1907 T 1907:1907 T 1907:1907 nov. (type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T)) and Bacillus andreesenii sp. 24021730 15 3 theme T 1892:1892 arg1 27601 1901:1905 type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601 1857:1905 type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T) 1857:1908 nov. (type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T)) and Bacillus andreesenii sp. 24021730 16 4 theme 23948 1975:1979 arg1 T 1996:1996 T 1996:1996 T 1996:1996 nov. (type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T)) are proposed. 24021730 16 4 theme 23948 1975:1979 arg1 27602 1990:1994 type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602 1946:1994 type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T) 1946:1997 nov. (type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T)) are proposed. 24021730 11 5 theme diamino 1342:1348 arg1 acid 1445:1448 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1425:1448 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1425:1448 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24021730 11 5 theme diamino 1342:1348 arg1 acid 1350:1353 The diagnostic diamino acid 1327:1353 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) 1327:1419 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24021730 13 6 theme Bacillus 1632:1639 arg1 species 1641:1647 related Bacillus species 1624:1647 related Bacillus species 1624:1647 The results of physiological and biochemical tests also allowed phenotypic differentiation of the two strains from each other and from related Bacillus species. 24021730 13 7 theme tests 1534:1538 arg1 results 1493:1499 The results 1489:1499 The results of physiological and biochemical tests 1489:1538 The results of physiological and biochemical tests also allowed phenotypic differentiation of the two strains from each other and from related Bacillus species. 24021730 13 8 from other 1609:1613 arg1 differentiation 1564:1578 phenotypic differentiation 1553:1578 phenotypic differentiation of the two strains from each other and from related Bacillus species 1553:1647 The results of physiological and biochemical tests also allowed phenotypic differentiation of the two strains from each other and from related Bacillus species. 24021730 5 9 dep % 433:433 arg1 95.6  428:432 95.6  428:432 95.6  428:432 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 5 9 dep % 433:433 arg1 96.0 419:422 96.0 419:422 96.0 419:422 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 5 10 theme strain 484:489 arg1 8-4-E13 491:497 strain 8-4-E13 484:497 strain 8-4-E13(T) 484:500 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 5 10 theme strain 484:489 arg1 T 499:499 T 499:499 T 499:499 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 5 11 theme oleronius 396:404 arg1 strains 320:326 the type strains 311:326 the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively) 311:473 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 6 12 theme sequence 653:660 arg1 similarity 662:671 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 634:671 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 634:671 Strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) shared 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 24021730 3 13 theme composting 168:177 arg1 reactor 179:185 a biowaste composting reactor 157:185 a biowaste composting reactor 157:185 Two strains, 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T), were isolated from a biowaste composting reactor. 24021730 5 14 theme acidicola 357:365 arg1 strains 320:326 the type strains 311:326 the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively) 311:473 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 8 15 theme fatty 904:908 arg1 profile 915:921 The fatty acid profile 900:921 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E13(T) 900:942 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E13(T) showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 (65 %), with smaller amounts of other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol. 24021730 7 16 theme strain 700:705 arg1 T 715:715 T 715:715 T 715:715 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. 24021730 7 16 theme strain 700:705 arg1 8-4-E12 707:713 strain 8-4-E12 700:713 strain 8-4-E12(T) 700:716 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. 24021730 16 17 theme T 1981:1981 arg1 T 1996:1996 T 1996:1996 T 1996:1996 nov. (type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T)) are proposed. 24021730 16 17 theme T 1981:1981 arg1 27602 1990:1994 type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602 1946:1994 type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T) 1946:1997 nov. (type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T)) are proposed. 24021730 10 18 theme strain 1274:1279 arg1 T 1289:1289 T 1289:1289 T 1289:1289 Additionally, strain 8-4-E12(T) contained an unknown lipid and strain 8-4-E13(T) two unknown (amino-)phospholipids. 24021730 10 18 theme strain 1274:1279 arg1 8-4-E13 1281:1287 strain 8-4-E13 1274:1287 strain 8-4-E13(T) 1274:1290 Additionally, strain 8-4-E12(T) contained an unknown lipid and strain 8-4-E13(T) two unknown (amino-)phospholipids. 24021730 11 19 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1425:1443 arg1 acid 1445:1448 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1425:1448 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1425:1448 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24021730 11 19 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1425:1443 arg1 acid 1350:1353 The diagnostic diamino acid 1327:1353 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) 1327:1419 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24021730 14 20 dep properties 1716:1725 arg1 the 1653:1655 the 1653:1655 the 1653:1655 On the basis of their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) represent novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the names Bacillus pervagus sp. 24021730 14 20 dep properties 1716:1725 arg1 basis 1657:1661 basis 1657:1661 basis 1657:1661 On the basis of their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) represent novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the names Bacillus pervagus sp. 24021730 10 21 theme unknown 1296:1302 arg1 phospholipids 1312:1324 two unknown (amino-)phospholipids 1292:1324 two unknown (amino-)phospholipids 1292:1324 Additionally, strain 8-4-E12(T) contained an unknown lipid and strain 8-4-E13(T) two unknown (amino-)phospholipids. 24021730 2 22 theme composting 78:87 arg1 reactor 89:95 a composting reactor 76:95 a composting reactor 76:95 nov., isolated from a composting reactor. 24021730 5 23 theme Bacillus 549:556 arg1 similarity 580:589 96.5 % sequence similarity 564:589 96.5 % sequence similarity 564:589 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 5 23 theme Bacillus 549:556 arg1 humi 558:561 Bacillus humi 549:561 Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity) 549:590 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 15 24 theme Bacillus 1915:1922 arg1 sp 1936:1937 Bacillus andreesenii sp 1915:1937 Bacillus andreesenii sp 1915:1937 nov. (type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T)) and Bacillus andreesenii sp. 24021730 8 25 theme strain 926:931 arg1 T 941:941 T 941:941 T 941:941 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E13(T) showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 (65 %), with smaller amounts of other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol. 24021730 8 25 theme strain 926:931 arg1 8-4-E13 933:939 strain 8-4-E13 926:939 strain 8-4-E13(T) 926:942 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E13(T) showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 (65 %), with smaller amounts of other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol. 24021730 14 26 dep strains 1728:1734 arg1 T 1759:1759 T 1759:1759 T 1759:1759 On the basis of their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) represent novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the names Bacillus pervagus sp. 24021730 14 26 dep strains 1728:1734 arg1 T 1744:1744 T 1744:1744 T 1744:1744 On the basis of their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) represent novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the names Bacillus pervagus sp. 24021730 14 26 dep strains 1728:1734 arg1 8-4-E13 1751:1757 8-4-E13 1751:1757 8-4-E13 1751:1757 On the basis of their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) represent novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the names Bacillus pervagus sp. 24021730 14 26 dep strains 1728:1734 arg1 8-4-E12 1736:1742 8-4-E12 1736:1742 8-4-E12 1736:1742 On the basis of their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) represent novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the names Bacillus pervagus sp. 24021730 14 26 dep strains 1728:1734 arg1 strains 1728:1734 strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) 1728:1760 strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) 1728:1760 On the basis of their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) represent novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the names Bacillus pervagus sp. 24021730 14 27 theme novel 1772:1776 arg1 species 1778:1784 novel species 1772:1784 novel species 1772:1784 On the basis of their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) represent novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the names Bacillus pervagus sp. 24021730 7 28 theme fatty 771:775 arg1 acids 777:781 saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 735:781 saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 735:781 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. 24021730 9 29 theme polar 1197:1201 arg1 lipids 1203:1208 major polar lipids 1191:1208 major polar lipids 1191:1208 Both strains contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipids. 24021730 9 29 theme polar 1197:1201 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1114:1135 diphosphatidylglycerol 1114:1135 diphosphatidylglycerol 1114:1135 Both strains contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipids. 24021730 9 29 theme polar 1197:1201 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1163:1186 phosphatidylethanolamine 1163:1186 phosphatidylethanolamine 1163:1186 Both strains contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipids. 24021730 9 29 theme polar 1197:1201 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1138:1157 phosphatidylglycerol 1138:1157 phosphatidylglycerol 1138:1157 Both strains contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipids. 24021730 13 30 theme strains 1591:1597 arg1 differentiation 1564:1578 phenotypic differentiation 1553:1578 phenotypic differentiation of the two strains from each other and from related Bacillus species 1553:1647 The results of physiological and biochemical tests also allowed phenotypic differentiation of the two strains from each other and from related Bacillus species. 24021730 7 31 theme saturated 735:743 arg1 acids 777:781 saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 735:781 saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 735:781 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. 24021730 13 32 from species 1641:1647 arg1 differentiation 1564:1578 phenotypic differentiation 1553:1578 phenotypic differentiation of the two strains from each other and from related Bacillus species 1553:1647 The results of physiological and biochemical tests also allowed phenotypic differentiation of the two strains from each other and from related Bacillus species. 24021730 14 33 dep sp 1847:1848 arg1 names 1823:1827 the names 1819:1827 the names 1819:1827 On the basis of their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) represent novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the names Bacillus pervagus sp. 24021730 9 34 contain contained 1104:1112 arg2 lipids 1203:1208 major polar lipids 1191:1208 major polar lipids 1191:1208 Both strains contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipids. 24021730 9 34 contain contained 1104:1112 arg1 strains 1096:1102 Both strains 1091:1102 Both strains 1091:1102 Both strains contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipids. 24021730 9 34 contain contained 1104:1112 arg2 phosphatidylethanolamine 1163:1186 phosphatidylethanolamine 1163:1186 phosphatidylethanolamine 1163:1186 Both strains contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipids. 24021730 9 34 contain contained 1104:1112 arg2 phosphatidylglycerol 1138:1157 phosphatidylglycerol 1138:1157 phosphatidylglycerol 1138:1157 Both strains contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipids. 24021730 9 34 contain contained 1104:1112 arg2 diphosphatidylglycerol 1114:1135 diphosphatidylglycerol 1114:1135 diphosphatidylglycerol 1114:1135 Both strains contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipids. 24021730 8 35 theme smaller 994:1000 arg1 amounts 1002:1008 smaller amounts 994:1008 smaller amounts of other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol 994:1088 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E13(T) showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 (65 %), with smaller amounts of other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol. 24021730 8 35 theme smaller 994:1000 arg1 acids 1050:1054 other saturated branched-chain fatty acids 1013:1054 other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol 1013:1088 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E13(T) showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 (65 %), with smaller amounts of other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol. 24021730 14 36 theme phylogenetic 1672:1683 arg1 properties 1716:1725 their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties 1666:1725 their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties 1666:1725 On the basis of their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) represent novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the names Bacillus pervagus sp. 24021730 5 37 dep shackletonii 340:351 arg1 similarity 449:458 96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity 407:458 96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity 407:458 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 5 38 theme % 569:569 arg1 similarity 580:589 96.5 % sequence similarity 564:589 96.5 % sequence similarity 564:589 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 5 38 theme % 569:569 arg1 humi 558:561 Bacillus humi 549:561 Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity) 549:590 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 5 39 theme 16S 435:437 arg1 similarity 449:458 96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity 407:458 96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity 407:458 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 10 40 contain contained 1243:1251 arg2 lipid 1264:1268 an unknown lipid 1253:1268 an unknown lipid 1253:1268 Additionally, strain 8-4-E12(T) contained an unknown lipid and strain 8-4-E13(T) two unknown (amino-)phospholipids. 24021730 10 40 contain contained 1243:1251 arg2 T 1289:1289 T 1289:1289 T 1289:1289 Additionally, strain 8-4-E12(T) contained an unknown lipid and strain 8-4-E13(T) two unknown (amino-)phospholipids. 24021730 10 40 contain contained 1243:1251 arg1 T 1240:1240 T 1240:1240 T 1240:1240 Additionally, strain 8-4-E12(T) contained an unknown lipid and strain 8-4-E13(T) two unknown (amino-)phospholipids. 24021730 10 40 contain contained 1243:1251 arg2 8-4-E13 1281:1287 strain 8-4-E13 1274:1287 strain 8-4-E13(T) 1274:1290 Additionally, strain 8-4-E12(T) contained an unknown lipid and strain 8-4-E13(T) two unknown (amino-)phospholipids. 24021730 10 40 contain contained 1243:1251 arg1 8-4-E12 1232:1238 strain 8-4-E12 1225:1238 strain 8-4-E12(T) 1225:1241 Additionally, strain 8-4-E12(T) contained an unknown lipid and strain 8-4-E13(T) two unknown (amino-)phospholipids. 24021730 8 41 theme saturated 1019:1027 arg1 acids 1050:1054 other saturated branched-chain fatty acids 1013:1054 other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol 1013:1088 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E13(T) showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 (65 %), with smaller amounts of other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol. 24021730 7 42 dep iso-C15  784:791 arg1  0 810:811  0 810:811  0 810:811 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. 24021730 7 42 dep iso-C15  784:791 arg1 anteiso-C15  797:808 anteiso-C15  797:808 anteiso-C15  797:808 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. 24021730 7 42 dep iso-C15  784:791 arg1  0 793:794  0 793:794  0 793:794 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. 24021730 7 42 dep iso-C15  784:791 arg1 anteiso-C17  814:825 anteiso-C17  814:825 anteiso-C17  814:825 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. 24021730 0 43 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 18:19 Bacillus pervagus sp 0:19 Bacillus pervagus sp. 0:20 Bacillus pervagus sp. 24021730 15 44 theme T 1877:1877 arg1 T 1907:1907 T 1907:1907 T 1907:1907 nov. (type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T)) and Bacillus andreesenii sp. 24021730 15 44 theme T 1877:1877 arg1 27601 1901:1905 type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601 1857:1905 type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T) 1857:1908 nov. (type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T)) and Bacillus andreesenii sp. 24021730 5 45 theme gene 444:447 arg1 similarity 449:458 96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity 407:458 96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity 407:458 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 4 46 theme 16S 197:199 arg1 sequences 211:219 16S rRNA gene sequences 197:219 16S rRNA gene sequences 197:219 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, both strains belong to the genus Bacillus. 24021730 8 47 theme fatty 1044:1048 arg1 acids 1050:1054 other saturated branched-chain fatty acids 1013:1054 other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol 1013:1088 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E13(T) showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 (65 %), with smaller amounts of other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol. 24021730 15 48 theme 8-4-E12 1869:1875 arg1 T 1907:1907 T 1907:1907 T 1907:1907 nov. (type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T)) and Bacillus andreesenii sp. 24021730 15 48 theme 8-4-E12 1869:1875 arg1 27601 1901:1905 type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601 1857:1905 type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T) 1857:1908 nov. (type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T)) and Bacillus andreesenii sp. 24021730 6 49 theme gene 648:651 arg1 similarity 662:671 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 634:671 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 634:671 Strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) shared 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 24021730 4 50 theme gene 206:209 arg1 sequences 211:219 16S rRNA gene sequences 197:219 16S rRNA gene sequences 197:219 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, both strains belong to the genus Bacillus. 24021730 6 51 dep Strains 593:599 arg1 T 624:624 T 624:624 T 624:624 Strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) shared 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 24021730 6 51 dep Strains 593:599 arg1 T 609:609 T 609:609 T 609:609 Strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) shared 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 24021730 6 51 dep Strains 593:599 arg1 8-4-E13 616:622 8-4-E13 616:622 8-4-E13 616:622 Strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) shared 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 24021730 6 51 dep Strains 593:599 arg1 8-4-E12 601:607 8-4-E12 601:607 8-4-E12 601:607 Strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) shared 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 24021730 6 51 dep Strains 593:599 arg1 Strains 593:599 Strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) 593:625 Strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) 593:625 Strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) shared 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 24021730 11 52 theme cell-wall 1368:1376 arg1 peptidoglycan 1378:1390 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1364:1390 the cell-wall peptidoglycan of 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) 1364:1419 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24021730 11 53 located found 1355:1359 arg2 acid 1350:1353 The diagnostic diamino acid 1327:1353 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) 1327:1419 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24021730 11 53 located found 1355:1359 arg2 acid 1445:1448 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1425:1448 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1425:1448 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24021730 11 53 located found 1355:1359 arg1 peptidoglycan 1378:1390 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1364:1390 the cell-wall peptidoglycan of 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) 1364:1419 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24021730 7 54 theme considerable 867:878 arg1 C16  891:894 C16  891:894 C16  891:894 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. 24021730 7 54 theme considerable 867:878 arg1 amounts 880:886 considerable amounts 867:886 considerable amounts of C16 : 0 867:897 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. 24021730 15 55 theme type 1857:1860 arg1 T 1907:1907 T 1907:1907 T 1907:1907 nov. (type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T)) and Bacillus andreesenii sp. 24021730 15 55 theme type 1857:1860 arg1 27601 1901:1905 type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601 1857:1905 type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T) 1857:1908 nov. (type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T)) and Bacillus andreesenii sp. 24021730 6 56 theme 16S 639:641 arg1 similarity 662:671 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 634:671 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 634:671 Strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) shared 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 24021730 6 57 theme 94  634:636 arg1 % 637:637 % 637:637 % 637:637 Strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) shared 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 24021730 5 58 theme shackletonii 340:351 arg1 strains 320:326 the type strains 311:326 the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively) 311:473 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 16 59 theme strain 1951:1956 arg1 T 1996:1996 T 1996:1996 T 1996:1996 nov. (type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T)) are proposed. 24021730 16 59 theme strain 1951:1956 arg1 27602 1990:1994 type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602 1946:1994 type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T) 1946:1997 nov. (type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T)) are proposed. 24021730 7 60 theme acid 684:687 arg1 profile 689:695 The fatty acid profile 674:695 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) 674:716 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. 24021730 16 61 theme  = DSM 1968:1973 arg1 T 1996:1996 T 1996:1996 T 1996:1996 nov. (type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T)) are proposed. 24021730 16 61 theme  = DSM 1968:1973 arg1 27602 1990:1994 type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602 1946:1994 type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T) 1946:1997 nov. (type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T)) are proposed. 24021730 8 62 dep iso-C15  969:976 arg1  0 978:979  0 978:979  0 978:979 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E13(T) showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 (65 %), with smaller amounts of other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol. 24021730 8 62 dep iso-C15  969:976 arg1 % 985:985 65 % 982:985 65 % 982:985 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E13(T) showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 (65 %), with smaller amounts of other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol. 24021730 16 63 theme  = LMG 1983:1988 arg1 T 1996:1996 T 1996:1996 T 1996:1996 nov. (type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T)) are proposed. 24021730 16 63 theme  = LMG 1983:1988 arg1 27602 1990:1994 type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602 1946:1994 type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T) 1946:1997 nov. (type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T)) are proposed. 24021730 5 64 theme type 315:318 arg1 strains 320:326 the type strains 311:326 the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively) 311:473 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 3 65 theme biowaste 159:166 arg1 reactor 179:185 a biowaste composting reactor 157:185 a biowaste composting reactor 157:185 Two strains, 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T), were isolated from a biowaste composting reactor. 24021730 14 66 theme Bacillus 1829:1836 arg1 sp 1847:1848 Bacillus pervagus sp 1829:1848 Bacillus pervagus sp 1829:1848 On the basis of their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) represent novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the names Bacillus pervagus sp. 24021730 13 67 theme related 1624:1630 arg1 species 1641:1647 related Bacillus species 1624:1647 related Bacillus species 1624:1647 The results of physiological and biochemical tests also allowed phenotypic differentiation of the two strains from each other and from related Bacillus species. 24021730 16 68 dep nov 1940:1942 arg1 T 1996:1996 T 1996:1996 T 1996:1996 nov. (type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T)) are proposed. 24021730 16 68 dep nov 1940:1942 arg1 27602 1990:1994 type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602 1946:1994 type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T) 1946:1997 nov. (type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T)) are proposed. 24021730 15 69 theme  = DSM 1879:1884 arg1 T 1907:1907 T 1907:1907 T 1907:1907 nov. (type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T)) and Bacillus andreesenii sp. 24021730 15 69 theme  = DSM 1879:1884 arg1 27601 1901:1905 type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601 1857:1905 type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T) 1857:1908 nov. (type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T)) and Bacillus andreesenii sp. 24021730 3 70 attach isolated 143:150 arg1 reactor 179:185 a biowaste composting reactor 157:185 a biowaste composting reactor 157:185 Two strains, 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T), were isolated from a biowaste composting reactor. 24021730 3 70 attach isolated 143:150 arg2 8-4-E12 111:117 8-4-E12 111:117 8-4-E12 111:117 Two strains, 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T), were isolated from a biowaste composting reactor. 24021730 3 70 attach isolated 143:150 arg2 strains 102:108 Two strains 98:108 Two strains 98:108 Two strains, 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T), were isolated from a biowaste composting reactor. 24021730 3 70 attach isolated 143:150 arg2 8-4-E13 126:132 8-4-E13 126:132 8-4-E13 126:132 Two strains, 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T), were isolated from a biowaste composting reactor. 24021730 10 71 theme unknown 1256:1262 arg1 lipid 1264:1268 an unknown lipid 1253:1268 an unknown lipid 1253:1268 Additionally, strain 8-4-E12(T) contained an unknown lipid and strain 8-4-E13(T) two unknown (amino-)phospholipids. 24021730 15 72 dep nov 1851:1853 arg1 T 1907:1907 T 1907:1907 T 1907:1907 nov. (type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T)) and Bacillus andreesenii sp. 24021730 15 72 dep nov 1851:1853 arg1 27601 1901:1905 type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601 1857:1905 type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T) 1857:1908 nov. (type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T)) and Bacillus andreesenii sp. 24021730 8 73 theme 8-4-E13 933:939 arg1 profile 915:921 The fatty acid profile 900:921 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E13(T) 900:942 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E13(T) showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 (65 %), with smaller amounts of other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol. 24021730 11 74 theme diagnostic 1331:1340 arg1 acid 1445:1448 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1425:1448 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1425:1448 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24021730 11 74 theme diagnostic 1331:1340 arg1 acid 1350:1353 The diagnostic diamino acid 1327:1353 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) 1327:1419 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24021730 14 75 theme chemotaxonomic 1701:1714 arg1 properties 1716:1725 their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties 1666:1725 their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties 1666:1725 On the basis of their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) represent novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the names Bacillus pervagus sp. 24021730 5 76 theme type 534:537 arg1 strain 539:544 the type strain 530:544 the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity) 530:590 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 5 77 theme Strain 265:270 arg1 T 280:280 T 280:280 T 280:280 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 5 77 theme Strain 265:270 arg1 8-4-E12 272:278 Strain 8-4-E12 265:278 Strain 8-4-E12(T) 265:281 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 5 78 theme sporothermodurans 371:387 arg1 strains 320:326 the type strains 311:326 the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively) 311:473 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 8 79 theme acid 910:913 arg1 profile 915:921 The fatty acid profile 900:921 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E13(T) 900:942 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E13(T) showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 (65 %), with smaller amounts of other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol. 24021730 15 80 theme andreesenii 1924:1934 arg1 sp 1936:1937 Bacillus andreesenii sp 1915:1937 Bacillus andreesenii sp 1915:1937 nov. (type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T)) and Bacillus andreesenii sp. 24021730 9 81 theme major 1191:1195 arg1 lipids 1203:1208 major polar lipids 1191:1208 major polar lipids 1191:1208 Both strains contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipids. 24021730 9 81 theme major 1191:1195 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1114:1135 diphosphatidylglycerol 1114:1135 diphosphatidylglycerol 1114:1135 Both strains contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipids. 24021730 9 81 theme major 1191:1195 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1163:1186 phosphatidylethanolamine 1163:1186 phosphatidylethanolamine 1163:1186 Both strains contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipids. 24021730 9 81 theme major 1191:1195 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1138:1157 phosphatidylglycerol 1138:1157 phosphatidylglycerol 1138:1157 Both strains contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipids. 24021730 8 82 theme iso-C15  969:976 arg1 predominance 953:964 a predominance 951:964 a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 (65 %) 951:986 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E13(T) showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 (65 %), with smaller amounts of other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol. 24021730 7 83 dep dominated 722:730 arg1 iso-C15  784:791 iso-C15  784:791 iso-C15  784:791 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. 24021730 11 84 theme 8-4-E13 1410:1416 arg1 peptidoglycan 1378:1390 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1364:1390 the cell-wall peptidoglycan of 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) 1364:1419 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24021730 5 85 theme sequence 571:578 arg1 similarity 580:589 96.5 % sequence similarity 564:589 96.5 % sequence similarity 564:589 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 5 85 theme sequence 571:578 arg1 humi 558:561 Bacillus humi 549:561 Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity) 549:590 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 7 86 theme anteiso-branched 754:769 arg1 acids 777:781 saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 735:781 saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 735:781 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. 24021730 14 87 theme genus 1793:1797 arg1 species 1778:1784 novel species 1772:1784 novel species 1772:1784 On the basis of their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) represent novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the names Bacillus pervagus sp. 24021730 7 88 theme iso- 745:748 arg1 acids 777:781 saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 735:781 saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids 735:781 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. 24021730 13 89 theme phenotypic 1553:1562 arg1 differentiation 1564:1578 phenotypic differentiation 1553:1578 phenotypic differentiation of the two strains from each other and from related Bacillus species 1553:1647 The results of physiological and biochemical tests also allowed phenotypic differentiation of the two strains from each other and from related Bacillus species. 24021730 5 90 theme humi 558:561 arg1 strain 539:544 the type strain 530:544 the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity) 530:590 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 4 91 dep genus 249:253 arg1 Bacillus 255:262 the genus Bacillus 245:262 the genus Bacillus 245:262 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, both strains belong to the genus Bacillus. 24021730 5 92 theme 96.5  564:568 arg1 similarity 580:589 96.5 % sequence similarity 564:589 96.5 % sequence similarity 564:589 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 5 92 theme 96.5  564:568 arg1 humi 558:561 Bacillus humi 549:561 Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity) 549:590 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 13 93 theme physiological 1504:1516 arg1 tests 1534:1538 physiological and biochemical tests 1504:1538 physiological and biochemical tests 1504:1538 The results of physiological and biochemical tests also allowed phenotypic differentiation of the two strains from each other and from related Bacillus species. 24021730 13 94 theme biochemical 1522:1532 arg1 tests 1534:1538 physiological and biochemical tests 1504:1538 physiological and biochemical tests 1504:1538 The results of physiological and biochemical tests also allowed phenotypic differentiation of the two strains from each other and from related Bacillus species. 24021730 0 95 theme pervagus 9:16 arg1 sp 18:19 Bacillus pervagus sp 0:19 Bacillus pervagus sp. 0:20 Bacillus pervagus sp. 24021730 5 96 theme rRNA 439:442 arg1 similarity 449:458 96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity 407:458 96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity 407:458 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 8 97 theme other 1013:1017 arg1 acids 1050:1054 other saturated branched-chain fatty acids 1013:1054 other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol 1013:1088 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E13(T) showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 (65 %), with smaller amounts of other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol. 24021730 10 98 theme amino- 1305:1310 arg1 phospholipids 1312:1324 two unknown (amino-)phospholipids 1292:1324 two unknown (amino-)phospholipids 1292:1324 Additionally, strain 8-4-E12(T) contained an unknown lipid and strain 8-4-E13(T) two unknown (amino-)phospholipids. 24021730 7 99 theme 8-4-E12 707:713 arg1 profile 689:695 The fatty acid profile 674:695 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) 674:716 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. 24021730 5 100 dep related 300:306 arg1 whereas 476:482 whereas 476:482 whereas 476:482 Strain 8-4-E12(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii, B. acidicola, B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13(T) was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). 24021730 8 101 theme branched-chain 1029:1042 arg1 acids 1050:1054 other saturated branched-chain fatty acids 1013:1054 other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol 1013:1088 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E13(T) showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 (65 %), with smaller amounts of other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol. 24021730 6 102 theme rRNA 643:646 arg1 similarity 662:671 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 634:671 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 634:671 Strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) shared 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 24021730 4 103 theme rRNA 201:204 arg1 sequences 211:219 16S rRNA gene sequences 197:219 16S rRNA gene sequences 197:219 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, both strains belong to the genus Bacillus. 24021730 14 104 dep genus 1793:1797 arg1 Bacillus 1799:1806 the genus Bacillus 1789:1806 the genus Bacillus 1789:1806 On the basis of their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) represent novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the names Bacillus pervagus sp. 24021730 8 105 theme acids 1050:1054 arg1 amounts 1002:1008 smaller amounts 994:1008 smaller amounts of other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol 994:1088 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E13(T) showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 (65 %), with smaller amounts of other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol. 24021730 8 105 theme acids 1050:1054 arg1 acids 1050:1054 other saturated branched-chain fatty acids 1013:1054 other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol 1013:1088 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E13(T) showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 (65 %), with smaller amounts of other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol. 24021730 15 106 theme strain 1862:1867 arg1 T 1907:1907 T 1907:1907 T 1907:1907 nov. (type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T)) and Bacillus andreesenii sp. 24021730 15 106 theme strain 1862:1867 arg1 27601 1901:1905 type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601 1857:1905 type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T) 1857:1908 nov. (type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T)) and Bacillus andreesenii sp. 24021730 6 107 theme % 637:637 arg1 similarity 662:671 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 634:671 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 634:671 Strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) shared 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. 24021730 12 108 theme predominant 1455:1465 arg1 menaquinone 1467:1477 The predominant menaquinone 1451:1477 The predominant menaquinone 1451:1477 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 24021730 12 108 theme predominant 1455:1465 arg1 MK-7 1483:1486 MK-7 1483:1486 MK-7 1483:1486 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 24021730 10 109 dep lipid 1264:1268 arg1 phospholipids 1312:1324 two unknown (amino-)phospholipids 1292:1324 two unknown (amino-)phospholipids 1292:1324 Additionally, strain 8-4-E12(T) contained an unknown lipid and strain 8-4-E13(T) two unknown (amino-)phospholipids. 24021730 10 110 theme strain 1225:1230 arg1 T 1240:1240 T 1240:1240 T 1240:1240 Additionally, strain 8-4-E12(T) contained an unknown lipid and strain 8-4-E13(T) two unknown (amino-)phospholipids. 24021730 10 110 theme strain 1225:1230 arg1 8-4-E12 1232:1238 strain 8-4-E12 1225:1238 strain 8-4-E12(T) 1225:1241 Additionally, strain 8-4-E12(T) contained an unknown lipid and strain 8-4-E13(T) two unknown (amino-)phospholipids. 24021730 11 111 theme 8-4-E12 1395:1401 arg1 peptidoglycan 1378:1390 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 1364:1390 the cell-wall peptidoglycan of 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) 1364:1419 The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 24021730 16 112 theme type 1946:1949 arg1 T 1996:1996 T 1996:1996 T 1996:1996 nov. (type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T)) are proposed. 24021730 16 112 theme type 1946:1949 arg1 27602 1990:1994 type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602 1946:1994 type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T) 1946:1997 nov. (type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T)) are proposed. 24021730 1 113 theme andreesenii 40:50 arg1 sp 52:53 Bacillus andreesenii sp 31:53 Bacillus andreesenii sp 31:53 nov. and Bacillus andreesenii sp. 24021730 14 114 theme phenotypic 1686:1695 arg1 properties 1716:1725 their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties 1666:1725 their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties 1666:1725 On the basis of their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, strains 8-4-E12(T) and 8-4-E13(T) represent novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the names Bacillus pervagus sp. 24021730 8 115 theme unsaturated 1070:1080 arg1 alcohol 1082:1088 an unsaturated alcohol 1067:1088 an unsaturated alcohol 1067:1088 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E13(T) showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 (65 %), with smaller amounts of other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol. 24021730 16 116 theme 8-4-E13 1958:1964 arg1 T 1996:1996 T 1996:1996 T 1996:1996 nov. (type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T)) are proposed. 24021730 16 116 theme 8-4-E13 1958:1964 arg1 27602 1990:1994 type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602 1946:1994 type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T) 1946:1997 nov. (type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T)) are proposed. 24021730 7 117 theme fatty 678:682 arg1 profile 689:695 The fatty acid profile 674:695 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) 674:716 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. 24021730 1 118 theme Bacillus 31:38 arg1 sp 52:53 Bacillus andreesenii sp 31:53 Bacillus andreesenii sp 31:53 nov. and Bacillus andreesenii sp. 24021730 16 119 theme T 1966:1966 arg1 T 1996:1996 T 1996:1996 T 1996:1996 nov. (type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T)) are proposed. 24021730 16 119 theme T 1966:1966 arg1 27602 1990:1994 type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602 1946:1994 type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T) 1946:1997 nov. (type strain 8-4-E13(T) = DSM 23948(T) = LMG 27602(T)) are proposed. 24021730 7 120 theme C16  891:894 arg1 C16  891:894 C16  891:894 C16  891:894 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. 24021730 7 120 theme C16  891:894 arg1 amounts 880:886 considerable amounts 867:886 considerable amounts of C16 : 0 867:897 The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12(T) was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. 24021730 15 121 theme  = LMG 1894:1899 arg1 T 1907:1907 T 1907:1907 T 1907:1907 nov. (type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T)) and Bacillus andreesenii sp. 24021730 15 121 theme  = LMG 1894:1899 arg1 27601 1901:1905 type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601 1857:1905 type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T) 1857:1908 nov. (type strain 8-4-E12(T) = DSM 23947(T) = LMG 27601(T)) and Bacillus andreesenii sp. 29096610 2 0 theme set 315:317 arg1 up 319:320 months to set up 305:320 months to set up 305:320 Currently, there are only a few models used for therapy selection, and they are often poor predictors of therapeutic response or take months to set up and assay. 29096610 8 1 theme limited 1255:1261 arg1 material 1274:1281 material 1274:1281 material 1274:1281 RESULTS The microfluidic platform allows the simultaneous culture of 96 perfused micro tissues, using limited amounts of material, enabling drug screening of patient-derived material. 29096610 8 1 theme limited 1255:1261 arg1 amounts 1263:1269 limited amounts 1255:1269 limited amounts of material 1255:1281 RESULTS The microfluidic platform allows the simultaneous culture of 96 perfused micro tissues, using limited amounts of material, enabling drug screening of patient-derived material. 29096610 4 2 theme cell 622:625 arg1 HCC1937 660:666 HCC1937 660:666 HCC1937 660:666 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 4 2 theme cell 622:625 arg1 lines 627:631 The triple negative breast cancer cell lines 588:631 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 580:666 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 4 2 theme cell 622:625 arg1 MDA-MB-231 645:654 MDA-MB-231 645:654 MDA-MB-231 645:654 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 4 2 theme cell 622:625 arg1 MDA-MB-453 633:642 MDA-MB-453 633:642 MDA-MB-453 633:642 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 0 3 theme Therapy 0:6 arg1 testing 17:23 Therapy response testing 0:23 Therapy response testing of breast cancer in a 3D high-throughput perfused microfluidic platform 0:95 Therapy response testing of breast cancer in a 3D high-throughput perfused microfluidic platform. 29096610 9 4 theme 3D 1337:1338 arg1 viability 1353:1361 3D cell culture viability 1337:1361 3D cell culture viability 1337:1361 3D cell culture viability is improved by constant perfusion of the medium. 29096610 2 5 theme therapeutic 276:286 arg1 response 288:295 therapeutic response 276:295 therapeutic response 276:295 Currently, there are only a few models used for therapy selection, and they are often poor predictors of therapeutic response or take months to set up and assay. 29096610 9 6 theme culture 1345:1351 arg1 viability 1353:1361 3D cell culture viability 1337:1361 3D cell culture viability 1337:1361 3D cell culture viability is improved by constant perfusion of the medium. 29096610 4 7 theme triple 592:597 arg1 HCC1937 660:666 HCC1937 660:666 HCC1937 660:666 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 4 7 theme triple 592:597 arg1 lines 627:631 The triple negative breast cancer cell lines 588:631 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 580:666 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 4 7 theme triple 592:597 arg1 MDA-MB-231 645:654 MDA-MB-231 645:654 MDA-MB-231 645:654 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 4 7 theme triple 592:597 arg1 MDA-MB-453 633:642 MDA-MB-453 633:642 MDA-MB-453 633:642 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 10 8 theme cancer 1475:1480 arg1 cells 1482:1486 these triple negative breast cancer cells 1446:1486 these triple negative breast cancer cells 1446:1486 Furthermore, the drug response of these triple negative breast cancer cells was attenuated by culture in 3D and differed from that observed in 2D substrates. 29096610 4 9 theme breast 608:613 arg1 HCC1937 660:666 HCC1937 660:666 HCC1937 660:666 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 4 9 theme breast 608:613 arg1 lines 627:631 The triple negative breast cancer cell lines 588:631 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 580:666 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 4 9 theme breast 608:613 arg1 MDA-MB-231 645:654 MDA-MB-231 645:654 MDA-MB-231 645:654 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 4 9 theme breast 608:613 arg1 MDA-MB-453 633:642 MDA-MB-453 633:642 MDA-MB-453 633:642 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 5 10 theme ECM 793:795 arg1 densities 782:790 seeding densities 774:790 seeding densities 774:790 We evaluate seeding densities, ECM composition (Matrigel®, BME2rgf, collagen I) and biomechanical (perfusion vs static) conditions. 29096610 5 10 theme ECM 793:795 arg1 composition 797:807 ECM composition 793:807 ECM composition (Matrigel®, BME2rgf, collagen I) 793:840 We evaluate seeding densities, ECM composition (Matrigel®, BME2rgf, collagen I) and biomechanical (perfusion vs static) conditions. 29096610 12 11 theme real 1848:1851 arg1 fashion 1858:1864 a real time fashion 1846:1864 a real time fashion 1846:1864 Our results have raised the possibility to use this technology in personalized medicine to support selection of appropriate drugs and to predict response to therapy in a real time fashion. 29096610 4 12 dep METHODS 580:586 arg1 HCC1937 660:666 HCC1937 660:666 HCC1937 660:666 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 4 12 dep METHODS 580:586 arg1 lines 627:631 The triple negative breast cancer cell lines 588:631 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 580:666 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 4 12 dep METHODS 580:586 arg1 MDA-MB-231 645:654 MDA-MB-231 645:654 MDA-MB-231 645:654 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 4 12 dep METHODS 580:586 arg1 MDA-MB-453 633:642 MDA-MB-453 633:642 MDA-MB-453 633:642 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 11 13 theme organ-on-a-chip 1632:1646 arg1 platform 1648:1655 a high-throughput organ-on-a-chip platform 1614:1655 a high-throughput organ-on-a-chip platform 1614:1655 CONCLUSIONS We have investigated the use of a high-throughput organ-on-a-chip platform to select therapies. 29096610 7 14 theme cells 1120:1124 arg1 cultures 1094:1101 3D cultures 1091:1101 3D cultures of breast cancer cells derived from 2 PDX models 1091:1150 Finally, we generated cisplatin dose responses in 3D cultures of breast cancer cells derived from 2 PDX models. 29096610 2 15 theme therapy 219:225 arg1 selection 227:235 therapy selection 219:235 therapy selection 219:235 Currently, there are only a few models used for therapy selection, and they are often poor predictors of therapeutic response or take months to set up and assay. 29096610 1 16 theme invasive 142:149 arg1 cancer 116:121 BACKGROUND Breast cancer 98:121 BACKGROUND Breast cancer 98:121 BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer among women. 29096610 1 16 theme invasive 142:149 arg1 cancer 151:156 the most common invasive cancer 126:156 the most common invasive cancer among women 126:168 BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer among women. 29096610 10 17 theme negative 1459:1466 arg1 cells 1482:1486 these triple negative breast cancer cells 1446:1486 these triple negative breast cancer cells 1446:1486 Furthermore, the drug response of these triple negative breast cancer cells was attenuated by culture in 3D and differed from that observed in 2D substrates. 29096610 0 18 from testing 17:23 arg1 platform 88:95 a 3D high-throughput perfused microfluidic platform 45:95 a 3D high-throughput perfused microfluidic platform 45:95 Therapy response testing of breast cancer in a 3D high-throughput perfused microfluidic platform. 29096610 0 19 theme perfused 66:73 arg1 platform 88:95 a 3D high-throughput perfused microfluidic platform 45:95 a 3D high-throughput perfused microfluidic platform 45:95 Therapy response testing of breast cancer in a 3D high-throughput perfused microfluidic platform. 29096610 8 20 link patient-derived 1311:1325 arg1 material 1327:1334 patient-derived material 1311:1334 patient-derived material 1311:1334 RESULTS The microfluidic platform allows the simultaneous culture of 96 perfused micro tissues, using limited amounts of material, enabling drug screening of patient-derived material. 29096610 8 21 theme micro 1234:1238 arg1 tissues 1240:1246 96 perfused micro tissues 1222:1246 96 perfused micro tissues 1222:1246 RESULTS The microfluidic platform allows the simultaneous culture of 96 perfused micro tissues, using limited amounts of material, enabling drug screening of patient-derived material. 29096610 8 22 dep RESULTS 1153:1159 arg1 allows 1187:1192 allows 1187:1192 allows 1187:1192 RESULTS The microfluidic platform allows the simultaneous culture of 96 perfused micro tissues, using limited amounts of material, enabling drug screening of patient-derived material. 29096610 0 23 theme high-throughput 50:64 arg1 platform 88:95 a 3D high-throughput perfused microfluidic platform 45:95 a 3D high-throughput perfused microfluidic platform 45:95 Therapy response testing of breast cancer in a 3D high-throughput perfused microfluidic platform. 29096610 4 24 theme different 697:705 arg1 BRCA1 707:711 their different BRCA1 691:711 their different BRCA1 691:711 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 3 25 theme microfluidic 364:375 arg1 platform 390:397 a microfluidic OrganoPlate® platform 362:397 a microfluidic OrganoPlate® platform for extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded tumor culture under perfusion 362:467 In this report, we introduce a microfluidic OrganoPlate® platform for extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded tumor culture under perfusion as an initial study designed to investigate the feasibility of adapting this technology for therapy selection. 29096610 3 25 theme microfluidic 364:375 arg1 study 483:487 an initial study 472:487 an initial study designed to investigate the feasibility of adapting this technology for therapy selection 472:577 In this report, we introduce a microfluidic OrganoPlate® platform for extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded tumor culture under perfusion as an initial study designed to investigate the feasibility of adapting this technology for therapy selection. 29096610 7 26 theme dose 1073:1076 arg1 responses 1078:1086 cisplatin dose responses 1063:1086 cisplatin dose responses in 3D cultures of breast cancer cells derived from 2 PDX models 1063:1150 Finally, we generated cisplatin dose responses in 3D cultures of breast cancer cells derived from 2 PDX models. 29096610 12 27 theme drugs 1802:1806 arg1 selection 1777:1785 selection 1777:1785 selection of appropriate drugs 1777:1806 Our results have raised the possibility to use this technology in personalized medicine to support selection of appropriate drugs and to predict response to therapy in a real time fashion. 29096610 1 28 theme Breast 109:114 arg1 cancer 116:121 BACKGROUND Breast cancer 98:121 BACKGROUND Breast cancer 98:121 BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer among women. 29096610 1 28 theme Breast 109:114 arg1 cancer 151:156 the most common invasive cancer 126:156 the most common invasive cancer among women 126:168 BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer among women. 29096610 1 29 theme common 135:140 arg1 cancer 116:121 BACKGROUND Breast cancer 98:121 BACKGROUND Breast cancer 98:121 BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer among women. 29096610 1 29 theme common 135:140 arg1 cancer 151:156 the most common invasive cancer 126:156 the most common invasive cancer among women 126:168 BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer among women. 29096610 3 30 theme extracellular 403:415 arg1 matrix 417:422 extracellular matrix 403:422 extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded tumor culture 403:451 In this report, we introduce a microfluidic OrganoPlate® platform for extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded tumor culture under perfusion as an initial study designed to investigate the feasibility of adapting this technology for therapy selection. 29096610 3 30 theme extracellular 403:415 arg1 ECM 425:427 ECM 425:427 ECM 425:427 In this report, we introduce a microfluidic OrganoPlate® platform for extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded tumor culture under perfusion as an initial study designed to investigate the feasibility of adapting this technology for therapy selection. 29096610 0 31 theme breast 28:33 arg1 cancer 35:40 breast cancer 28:40 breast cancer 28:40 Therapy response testing of breast cancer in a 3D high-throughput perfused microfluidic platform. 29096610 6 32 theme drugs 947:951 arg1 series 925:930 a series 923:930 a series of anti-cancer drugs (paclitaxel, olaparib, cisplatin) 923:985 We then exposed the cells to a series of anti-cancer drugs (paclitaxel, olaparib, cisplatin) and compared their responses to those in 2D cultures. 29096610 5 33 dep biomechanical 846:858 arg1 static 874:879 static 874:879 static 874:879 We evaluate seeding densities, ECM composition (Matrigel®, BME2rgf, collagen I) and biomechanical (perfusion vs static) conditions. 29096610 5 33 dep biomechanical 846:858 arg1 perfusion 861:869 perfusion 861:869 perfusion 861:869 We evaluate seeding densities, ECM composition (Matrigel®, BME2rgf, collagen I) and biomechanical (perfusion vs static) conditions. 29096610 0 34 theme 3D 47:48 arg1 platform 88:95 a 3D high-throughput perfused microfluidic platform 45:95 a 3D high-throughput perfused microfluidic platform 45:95 Therapy response testing of breast cancer in a 3D high-throughput perfused microfluidic platform. 29096610 8 35 theme drug 1293:1296 arg1 screening 1298:1306 drug screening 1293:1306 drug screening of patient-derived material 1293:1334 RESULTS The microfluidic platform allows the simultaneous culture of 96 perfused micro tissues, using limited amounts of material, enabling drug screening of patient-derived material. 29096610 3 36 theme tumor 439:443 arg1 culture 445:451 extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded tumor culture 403:451 extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded tumor culture 403:451 In this report, we introduce a microfluidic OrganoPlate® platform for extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded tumor culture under perfusion as an initial study designed to investigate the feasibility of adapting this technology for therapy selection. 29096610 4 37 dep lines 627:631 arg1 HCC1937 660:666 HCC1937 660:666 HCC1937 660:666 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 4 37 dep lines 627:631 arg1 lines 627:631 The triple negative breast cancer cell lines 588:631 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 580:666 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 4 37 dep lines 627:631 arg1 MDA-MB-231 645:654 MDA-MB-231 645:654 MDA-MB-231 645:654 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 4 37 dep lines 627:631 arg1 MDA-MB-453 633:642 MDA-MB-453 633:642 MDA-MB-453 633:642 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 8 38 theme material 1327:1334 arg1 screening 1298:1306 drug screening 1293:1306 drug screening of patient-derived material 1293:1334 RESULTS The microfluidic platform allows the simultaneous culture of 96 perfused micro tissues, using limited amounts of material, enabling drug screening of patient-derived material. 29096610 7 39 theme PDX 1141:1143 arg1 models 1145:1150 2 PDX models 1139:1150 2 PDX models 1139:1150 Finally, we generated cisplatin dose responses in 3D cultures of breast cancer cells derived from 2 PDX models. 29096610 10 40 theme drug 1429:1432 arg1 response 1434:1441 the drug response 1425:1441 the drug response of these triple negative breast cancer cells 1425:1486 Furthermore, the drug response of these triple negative breast cancer cells was attenuated by culture in 3D and differed from that observed in 2D substrates. 29096610 10 41 theme breast 1468:1473 arg1 cells 1482:1486 these triple negative breast cancer cells 1446:1486 these triple negative breast cancer cells 1446:1486 Furthermore, the drug response of these triple negative breast cancer cells was attenuated by culture in 3D and differed from that observed in 2D substrates. 29096610 7 42 attach derived 1126:1132 arg2 cells 1120:1124 breast cancer cells 1106:1124 breast cancer cells derived from 2 PDX models 1106:1150 Finally, we generated cisplatin dose responses in 3D cultures of breast cancer cells derived from 2 PDX models. 29096610 7 42 attach derived 1126:1132 arg1 models 1145:1150 2 PDX models 1139:1150 2 PDX models 1139:1150 Finally, we generated cisplatin dose responses in 3D cultures of breast cancer cells derived from 2 PDX models. 29096610 5 43 dep composition 797:807 arg1 collagen 830:837 collagen I 830:839 collagen I 830:839 We evaluate seeding densities, ECM composition (Matrigel®, BME2rgf, collagen I) and biomechanical (perfusion vs static) conditions. 29096610 5 43 dep composition 797:807 arg1 BME2rgf 821:827 BME2rgf 821:827 BME2rgf 821:827 We evaluate seeding densities, ECM composition (Matrigel®, BME2rgf, collagen I) and biomechanical (perfusion vs static) conditions. 29096610 5 43 dep composition 797:807 arg1 Matrigel® 810:818 Matrigel® 810:818 Matrigel® 810:818 We evaluate seeding densities, ECM composition (Matrigel®, BME2rgf, collagen I) and biomechanical (perfusion vs static) conditions. 29096610 2 44 theme poor 257:260 arg1 they 242:245 they 242:245 they 242:245 Currently, there are only a few models used for therapy selection, and they are often poor predictors of therapeutic response or take months to set up and assay. 29096610 2 44 theme poor 257:260 arg1 predictors 262:271 poor predictors 257:271 poor predictors of therapeutic response 257:295 Currently, there are only a few models used for therapy selection, and they are often poor predictors of therapeutic response or take months to set up and assay. 29096610 10 45 theme triple 1452:1457 arg1 cells 1482:1486 these triple negative breast cancer cells 1446:1486 these triple negative breast cancer cells 1446:1486 Furthermore, the drug response of these triple negative breast cancer cells was attenuated by culture in 3D and differed from that observed in 2D substrates. 29096610 3 46 theme initial 475:481 arg1 platform 390:397 a microfluidic OrganoPlate® platform 362:397 a microfluidic OrganoPlate® platform for extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded tumor culture under perfusion 362:467 In this report, we introduce a microfluidic OrganoPlate® platform for extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded tumor culture under perfusion as an initial study designed to investigate the feasibility of adapting this technology for therapy selection. 29096610 3 46 theme initial 475:481 arg1 study 483:487 an initial study 472:487 an initial study designed to investigate the feasibility of adapting this technology for therapy selection 472:577 In this report, we introduce a microfluidic OrganoPlate® platform for extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded tumor culture under perfusion as an initial study designed to investigate the feasibility of adapting this technology for therapy selection. 29096610 4 47 theme cancer 615:620 arg1 HCC1937 660:666 HCC1937 660:666 HCC1937 660:666 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 4 47 theme cancer 615:620 arg1 lines 627:631 The triple negative breast cancer cell lines 588:631 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 580:666 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 4 47 theme cancer 615:620 arg1 MDA-MB-231 645:654 MDA-MB-231 645:654 MDA-MB-231 645:654 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 4 47 theme cancer 615:620 arg1 MDA-MB-453 633:642 MDA-MB-453 633:642 MDA-MB-453 633:642 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 7 48 theme breast 1106:1111 arg1 cells 1120:1124 breast cancer cells 1106:1124 breast cancer cells derived from 2 PDX models 1106:1150 Finally, we generated cisplatin dose responses in 3D cultures of breast cancer cells derived from 2 PDX models. 29096610 2 49 theme response 288:295 arg1 they 242:245 they 242:245 they 242:245 Currently, there are only a few models used for therapy selection, and they are often poor predictors of therapeutic response or take months to set up and assay. 29096610 2 49 theme response 288:295 arg1 predictors 262:271 poor predictors 257:271 poor predictors of therapeutic response 257:295 Currently, there are only a few models used for therapy selection, and they are often poor predictors of therapeutic response or take months to set up and assay. 29096610 9 50 theme cell 1340:1343 arg1 viability 1353:1361 3D cell culture viability 1337:1361 3D cell culture viability 1337:1361 3D cell culture viability is improved by constant perfusion of the medium. 29096610 12 51 theme time 1853:1856 arg1 fashion 1858:1864 a real time fashion 1846:1864 a real time fashion 1846:1864 Our results have raised the possibility to use this technology in personalized medicine to support selection of appropriate drugs and to predict response to therapy in a real time fashion. 29096610 10 52 theme cells 1482:1486 arg1 response 1434:1441 the drug response 1425:1441 the drug response of these triple negative breast cancer cells 1425:1486 Furthermore, the drug response of these triple negative breast cancer cells was attenuated by culture in 3D and differed from that observed in 2D substrates. 29096610 5 53 theme seeding 774:780 arg1 conditions 882:891 biomechanical (perfusion vs static) conditions 846:891 biomechanical (perfusion vs static) conditions 846:891 We evaluate seeding densities, ECM composition (Matrigel®, BME2rgf, collagen I) and biomechanical (perfusion vs static) conditions. 29096610 5 53 theme seeding 774:780 arg1 densities 782:790 seeding densities 774:790 seeding densities 774:790 We evaluate seeding densities, ECM composition (Matrigel®, BME2rgf, collagen I) and biomechanical (perfusion vs static) conditions. 29096610 5 53 theme seeding 774:780 arg1 composition 797:807 ECM composition 793:807 ECM composition (Matrigel®, BME2rgf, collagen I) 793:840 We evaluate seeding densities, ECM composition (Matrigel®, BME2rgf, collagen I) and biomechanical (perfusion vs static) conditions. 29096610 7 54 from responses 1078:1086 arg1 cultures 1094:1101 3D cultures 1091:1101 3D cultures of breast cancer cells derived from 2 PDX models 1091:1150 Finally, we generated cisplatin dose responses in 3D cultures of breast cancer cells derived from 2 PDX models. 29096610 4 55 theme negative 599:606 arg1 HCC1937 660:666 HCC1937 660:666 HCC1937 660:666 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 4 55 theme negative 599:606 arg1 lines 627:631 The triple negative breast cancer cell lines 588:631 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 580:666 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 4 55 theme negative 599:606 arg1 MDA-MB-231 645:654 MDA-MB-231 645:654 MDA-MB-231 645:654 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 4 55 theme negative 599:606 arg1 MDA-MB-453 633:642 MDA-MB-453 633:642 MDA-MB-453 633:642 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 9 56 theme constant 1378:1385 arg1 perfusion 1387:1395 constant perfusion 1378:1395 constant perfusion of the medium 1378:1409 3D cell culture viability is improved by constant perfusion of the medium. 29096610 12 57 from technology 1730:1739 arg1 medicine 1757:1764 personalized medicine 1744:1764 personalized medicine 1744:1764 Our results have raised the possibility to use this technology in personalized medicine to support selection of appropriate drugs and to predict response to therapy in a real time fashion. 29096610 8 58 theme microfluidic 1165:1176 arg1 platform 1178:1185 The microfluidic platform 1161:1185 The microfluidic platform 1161:1185 RESULTS The microfluidic platform allows the simultaneous culture of 96 perfused micro tissues, using limited amounts of material, enabling drug screening of patient-derived material. 29096610 5 59 theme biomechanical 846:858 arg1 densities 782:790 seeding densities 774:790 seeding densities 774:790 We evaluate seeding densities, ECM composition (Matrigel®, BME2rgf, collagen I) and biomechanical (perfusion vs static) conditions. 29096610 5 59 theme biomechanical 846:858 arg1 conditions 882:891 biomechanical (perfusion vs static) conditions 846:891 biomechanical (perfusion vs static) conditions 846:891 We evaluate seeding densities, ECM composition (Matrigel®, BME2rgf, collagen I) and biomechanical (perfusion vs static) conditions. 29096610 6 60 theme anti-cancer 935:945 arg1 drugs 947:951 anti-cancer drugs 935:951 anti-cancer drugs (paclitaxel, olaparib, cisplatin) 935:985 We then exposed the cells to a series of anti-cancer drugs (paclitaxel, olaparib, cisplatin) and compared their responses to those in 2D cultures. 29096610 2 61 dep up 319:320 arg1 to 312:313 to 312:313 to 312:313 Currently, there are only a few models used for therapy selection, and they are often poor predictors of therapeutic response or take months to set up and assay. 29096610 11 62 theme platform 1648:1655 arg1 use 1607:1609 the use 1603:1609 the use of a high-throughput organ-on-a-chip platform to select therapies 1603:1675 CONCLUSIONS We have investigated the use of a high-throughput organ-on-a-chip platform to select therapies. 29096610 7 63 theme cancer 1113:1118 arg1 cells 1120:1124 breast cancer cells 1106:1124 breast cancer cells derived from 2 PDX models 1106:1150 Finally, we generated cisplatin dose responses in 3D cultures of breast cancer cells derived from 2 PDX models. 29096610 3 64 theme therapy 561:567 arg1 selection 569:577 therapy selection 561:577 therapy selection 561:577 In this report, we introduce a microfluidic OrganoPlate® platform for extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded tumor culture under perfusion as an initial study designed to investigate the feasibility of adapting this technology for therapy selection. 29096610 9 65 theme medium 1404:1409 arg1 perfusion 1387:1395 constant perfusion 1378:1395 constant perfusion of the medium 1378:1409 3D cell culture viability is improved by constant perfusion of the medium. 29096610 8 66 theme simultaneous 1198:1209 arg1 culture 1211:1217 the simultaneous culture 1194:1217 the simultaneous culture of 96 perfused micro tissues 1194:1246 RESULTS The microfluidic platform allows the simultaneous culture of 96 perfused micro tissues, using limited amounts of material, enabling drug screening of patient-derived material. 29096610 11 67 theme high-throughput 1616:1630 arg1 platform 1648:1655 a high-throughput organ-on-a-chip platform 1614:1655 a high-throughput organ-on-a-chip platform 1614:1655 CONCLUSIONS We have investigated the use of a high-throughput organ-on-a-chip platform to select therapies. 29096610 0 68 theme microfluidic 75:86 arg1 platform 88:95 a 3D high-throughput perfused microfluidic platform 45:95 a 3D high-throughput perfused microfluidic platform 45:95 Therapy response testing of breast cancer in a 3D high-throughput perfused microfluidic platform. 29096610 7 69 theme 3D 1091:1092 arg1 cultures 1094:1101 3D cultures 1091:1101 3D cultures of breast cancer cells derived from 2 PDX models 1091:1150 Finally, we generated cisplatin dose responses in 3D cultures of breast cancer cells derived from 2 PDX models. 29096610 4 70 theme P53 717:719 arg1 status 721:726 P53 status 717:726 P53 status 717:726 METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 were selected based on their different BRCA1 and P53 status, and were seeded in the platform. 29096610 6 71 dep drugs 947:951 arg1 paclitaxel 954:963 paclitaxel 954:963 paclitaxel 954:963 We then exposed the cells to a series of anti-cancer drugs (paclitaxel, olaparib, cisplatin) and compared their responses to those in 2D cultures. 29096610 6 71 dep drugs 947:951 arg1 cisplatin 976:984 cisplatin 976:984 cisplatin 976:984 We then exposed the cells to a series of anti-cancer drugs (paclitaxel, olaparib, cisplatin) and compared their responses to those in 2D cultures. 29096610 6 71 dep drugs 947:951 arg1 olaparib 966:973 olaparib 966:973 olaparib 966:973 We then exposed the cells to a series of anti-cancer drugs (paclitaxel, olaparib, cisplatin) and compared their responses to those in 2D cultures. 29096610 11 72 theme select 1660:1665 arg1 therapies 1667:1675 select therapies 1660:1675 select therapies 1660:1675 CONCLUSIONS We have investigated the use of a high-throughput organ-on-a-chip platform to select therapies. 29096610 12 73 theme appropriate 1790:1800 arg1 drugs 1802:1806 appropriate drugs 1790:1806 appropriate drugs 1790:1806 Our results have raised the possibility to use this technology in personalized medicine to support selection of appropriate drugs and to predict response to therapy in a real time fashion. 29096610 8 74 theme tissues 1240:1246 arg1 culture 1211:1217 the simultaneous culture 1194:1217 the simultaneous culture of 96 perfused micro tissues 1194:1246 RESULTS The microfluidic platform allows the simultaneous culture of 96 perfused micro tissues, using limited amounts of material, enabling drug screening of patient-derived material. 29096610 0 75 theme response 8:15 arg1 testing 17:23 Therapy response testing 0:23 Therapy response testing of breast cancer in a 3D high-throughput perfused microfluidic platform 0:95 Therapy response testing of breast cancer in a 3D high-throughput perfused microfluidic platform. 29096610 3 76 theme OrganoPlate® 377:388 arg1 platform 390:397 a microfluidic OrganoPlate® platform 362:397 a microfluidic OrganoPlate® platform for extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded tumor culture under perfusion 362:467 In this report, we introduce a microfluidic OrganoPlate® platform for extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded tumor culture under perfusion as an initial study designed to investigate the feasibility of adapting this technology for therapy selection. 29096610 3 76 theme OrganoPlate® 377:388 arg1 study 483:487 an initial study 472:487 an initial study designed to investigate the feasibility of adapting this technology for therapy selection 472:577 In this report, we introduce a microfluidic OrganoPlate® platform for extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded tumor culture under perfusion as an initial study designed to investigate the feasibility of adapting this technology for therapy selection. 29096610 1 77 theme BACKGROUND 98:107 arg1 cancer 116:121 BACKGROUND Breast cancer 98:121 BACKGROUND Breast cancer 98:121 BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer among women. 29096610 1 77 theme BACKGROUND 98:107 arg1 cancer 151:156 the most common invasive cancer 126:156 the most common invasive cancer among women 126:168 BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer among women. 29096610 12 78 dep possibility 1706:1716 arg1 predict 1815:1821 predict 1815:1821 to predict response to therapy in a real time fashion 1812:1864 Our results have raised the possibility to use this technology in personalized medicine to support selection of appropriate drugs and to predict response to therapy in a real time fashion. 29096610 12 78 dep possibility 1706:1716 arg1 use 1721:1723 use 1721:1723 to use this technology in personalized medicine to support selection of appropriate drugs 1718:1806 Our results have raised the possibility to use this technology in personalized medicine to support selection of appropriate drugs and to predict response to therapy in a real time fashion. 29096610 10 79 theme 2D 1555:1556 arg1 substrates 1558:1567 2D substrates 1555:1567 2D substrates 1555:1567 Furthermore, the drug response of these triple negative breast cancer cells was attenuated by culture in 3D and differed from that observed in 2D substrates. 29096610 0 80 theme cancer 35:40 arg1 testing 17:23 Therapy response testing 0:23 Therapy response testing of breast cancer in a 3D high-throughput perfused microfluidic platform 0:95 Therapy response testing of breast cancer in a 3D high-throughput perfused microfluidic platform. 29096610 8 81 theme material 1274:1281 arg1 material 1274:1281 material 1274:1281 material 1274:1281 RESULTS The microfluidic platform allows the simultaneous culture of 96 perfused micro tissues, using limited amounts of material, enabling drug screening of patient-derived material. 29096610 8 81 theme material 1274:1281 arg1 amounts 1263:1269 limited amounts 1255:1269 limited amounts of material 1255:1281 RESULTS The microfluidic platform allows the simultaneous culture of 96 perfused micro tissues, using limited amounts of material, enabling drug screening of patient-derived material. 29096610 3 82 theme matrix 417:422 arg1 culture 445:451 extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded tumor culture 403:451 extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded tumor culture 403:451 In this report, we introduce a microfluidic OrganoPlate® platform for extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded tumor culture under perfusion as an initial study designed to investigate the feasibility of adapting this technology for therapy selection. 29096610 6 83 theme 2D 1028:1029 arg1 cultures 1031:1038 2D cultures 1028:1038 2D cultures 1028:1038 We then exposed the cells to a series of anti-cancer drugs (paclitaxel, olaparib, cisplatin) and compared their responses to those in 2D cultures. 29096610 2 84 theme months 305:310 arg1 up 319:320 months to set up 305:320 months to set up 305:320 Currently, there are only a few models used for therapy selection, and they are often poor predictors of therapeutic response or take months to set up and assay. 29096610 12 85 theme personalized 1744:1755 arg1 medicine 1757:1764 personalized medicine 1744:1764 personalized medicine 1744:1764 Our results have raised the possibility to use this technology in personalized medicine to support selection of appropriate drugs and to predict response to therapy in a real time fashion. 29096610 3 86 theme embedded 430:437 arg1 culture 445:451 extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded tumor culture 403:451 extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded tumor culture 403:451 In this report, we introduce a microfluidic OrganoPlate® platform for extracellular matrix (ECM) embedded tumor culture under perfusion as an initial study designed to investigate the feasibility of adapting this technology for therapy selection. 29096610 8 87 theme perfused 1225:1232 arg1 tissues 1240:1246 96 perfused micro tissues 1222:1246 96 perfused micro tissues 1222:1246 RESULTS The microfluidic platform allows the simultaneous culture of 96 perfused micro tissues, using limited amounts of material, enabling drug screening of patient-derived material. 29096610 11 88 dep CONCLUSIONS 1570:1580 arg1 investigated 1590:1601 investigated 1590:1601 have investigated the use of a high-throughput organ-on-a-chip platform to select therapies 1585:1675 CONCLUSIONS We have investigated the use of a high-throughput organ-on-a-chip platform to select therapies. 29096610 8 89 theme patient-derived 1311:1325 arg1 material 1327:1334 patient-derived material 1311:1334 patient-derived material 1311:1334 RESULTS The microfluidic platform allows the simultaneous culture of 96 perfused micro tissues, using limited amounts of material, enabling drug screening of patient-derived material. 29096610 7 90 theme cisplatin 1063:1071 arg1 responses 1078:1086 cisplatin dose responses 1063:1086 cisplatin dose responses in 3D cultures of breast cancer cells derived from 2 PDX models 1063:1150 Finally, we generated cisplatin dose responses in 3D cultures of breast cancer cells derived from 2 PDX models. 28804502 0 0 theme Crude 95:99 arg1 Drugs 101:105 Crude Drugs 95:105 Crude Drugs of Sijunzi Formula 95:124 Purification, Preliminary Characterization, and Immunological Activity of Polysaccharides from Crude Drugs of Sijunzi Formula. 28804502 2 1 theme Glycyrrhizae 575:586 arg1 decoctions 597:606 Radix Glycyrrhizae (GC-3-1) decoctions 569:606 Radix Glycyrrhizae (GC-3-1) decoctions 569:606 In order to explore the effective ingredients contributing to the immunological activity of SJZD, we isolated and purified seven homogeneous polysaccharides from Radix Ginseng (RS-3-1 and RS-3-2), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (BZ-3-1, BZ-3-2, and BZ-3-3), Poria (FL-3-1), and Radix Glycyrrhizae (GC-3-1) decoctions, respectively. 28804502 4 2 with Rha 839:841 arg1 ratios 885:890 various ratios 877:890 various ratios 877:890 Monosaccharide composition determined by GC-MS analysis showed that these polysaccharides were primarily composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc, and Gal with various ratios. 28804502 7 3 theme polysaccharides 1294:1308 arg1 activities 1274:1283 the immunological activities 1256:1283 the immunological activities of these polysaccharides from the four crude drugs 1256:1334 These results demonstrated the immunological activities of these polysaccharides from the four crude drugs. 28804502 3 4 theme homogeneous 653:663 arg1 polysaccharides 665:679 seven homogeneous polysaccharides 647:679 seven homogeneous polysaccharides ranged from 5.42 647:696 The molecular weight of seven homogeneous polysaccharides ranged from 5.42 × 104 to 5.65 × 104 Da. 28804502 2 5 theme Radix 569:573 arg1 decoctions 597:606 Radix Glycyrrhizae (GC-3-1) decoctions 569:606 Radix Glycyrrhizae (GC-3-1) decoctions 569:606 In order to explore the effective ingredients contributing to the immunological activity of SJZD, we isolated and purified seven homogeneous polysaccharides from Radix Ginseng (RS-3-1 and RS-3-2), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (BZ-3-1, BZ-3-2, and BZ-3-3), Poria (FL-3-1), and Radix Glycyrrhizae (GC-3-1) decoctions, respectively. 28804502 2 6 dep order 290:294 arg1 explore 299:305 explore 299:305 to explore the effective ingredients contributing to the immunological activity of SJZD 296:382 In order to explore the effective ingredients contributing to the immunological activity of SJZD, we isolated and purified seven homogeneous polysaccharides from Radix Ginseng (RS-3-1 and RS-3-2), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (BZ-3-1, BZ-3-2, and BZ-3-3), Poria (FL-3-1), and Radix Glycyrrhizae (GC-3-1) decoctions, respectively. 28804502 6 7 from level 1192:1196 arg1 cells 1211:1215 RAW 264.7 cells 1201:1215 RAW 264.7 cells 1201:1215 RS-3-1, BZ-3-1, FL-3-1, and GC-3-1 could significantly enhance the phagocytosis and increase the NO production and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level in RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). 28804502 3 8 theme polysaccharides 665:679 arg1 weight 637:642 The molecular weight 623:642 The molecular weight of seven homogeneous polysaccharides ranged from 5.42 623:696 The molecular weight of seven homogeneous polysaccharides ranged from 5.42 × 104 to 5.65 × 104 Da. 28804502 6 9 theme NO 1144:1145 arg1 production 1147:1156 NO production 1144:1156 NO production 1144:1156 RS-3-1, BZ-3-1, FL-3-1, and GC-3-1 could significantly enhance the phagocytosis and increase the NO production and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level in RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). 28804502 8 10 theme therapeutic 1361:1371 arg1 effect 1373:1378 the therapeutic effect 1357:1378 the therapeutic effect of SJZD in clinical use 1357:1402 This study supports the therapeutic effect of SJZD in clinical use and is essential for further identification the immunopolysaccharide from SJZD decoction. 28804502 1 11 theme main 270:273 arg1 ingredient 275:284 its main ingredient 266:284 its main ingredient 266:284 Sijunzi Decoction (SJZD) is a conventional prescription for curing spleen deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine and polysaccharide is its main ingredient. 28804502 6 12 theme tumor 1162:1166 arg1 TNF-α 1185:1189 TNF-α 1185:1189 TNF-α 1185:1189 RS-3-1, BZ-3-1, FL-3-1, and GC-3-1 could significantly enhance the phagocytosis and increase the NO production and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level in RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). 28804502 6 12 theme tumor 1162:1166 arg1 factor 1177:1182 tumor necrosis factor 1162:1182 tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level 1162:1196 RS-3-1, BZ-3-1, FL-3-1, and GC-3-1 could significantly enhance the phagocytosis and increase the NO production and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level in RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). 28804502 4 13 theme Monosaccharide 722:735 arg1 composition 737:747 Monosaccharide composition 722:747 Monosaccharide composition determined by GC-MS analysis 722:776 Monosaccharide composition determined by GC-MS analysis showed that these polysaccharides were primarily composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc, and Gal with various ratios. 28804502 7 14 from activities 1274:1283 arg1 drugs 1330:1334 the four crude drugs 1315:1334 the four crude drugs 1315:1334 These results demonstrated the immunological activities of these polysaccharides from the four crude drugs. 28804502 0 15 theme Formula 118:124 arg1 Drugs 101:105 Crude Drugs 95:105 Crude Drugs of Sijunzi Formula 95:124 Purification, Preliminary Characterization, and Immunological Activity of Polysaccharides from Crude Drugs of Sijunzi Formula. 28804502 2 16 dep Ginseng 455:461 arg1 RS-3-2 475:480 RS-3-2 475:480 RS-3-2 475:480 In order to explore the effective ingredients contributing to the immunological activity of SJZD, we isolated and purified seven homogeneous polysaccharides from Radix Ginseng (RS-3-1 and RS-3-2), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (BZ-3-1, BZ-3-2, and BZ-3-3), Poria (FL-3-1), and Radix Glycyrrhizae (GC-3-1) decoctions, respectively. 28804502 2 16 dep Ginseng 455:461 arg1 RS-3-1 464:469 RS-3-1 464:469 RS-3-1 464:469 In order to explore the effective ingredients contributing to the immunological activity of SJZD, we isolated and purified seven homogeneous polysaccharides from Radix Ginseng (RS-3-1 and RS-3-2), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (BZ-3-1, BZ-3-2, and BZ-3-3), Poria (FL-3-1), and Radix Glycyrrhizae (GC-3-1) decoctions, respectively. 28804502 6 17 from production 1147:1156 arg1 cells 1211:1215 RAW 264.7 cells 1201:1215 RAW 264.7 cells 1201:1215 RS-3-1, BZ-3-1, FL-3-1, and GC-3-1 could significantly enhance the phagocytosis and increase the NO production and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level in RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). 28804502 1 18 theme conventional 157:168 arg1 Decoction 135:143 Sijunzi Decoction 127:143 Sijunzi Decoction (SJZD) 127:150 Sijunzi Decoction (SJZD) is a conventional prescription for curing spleen deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine and polysaccharide is its main ingredient. 28804502 1 18 theme conventional 157:168 arg1 prescription 170:181 a conventional prescription 155:181 a conventional prescription for curing spleen deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine 155:242 Sijunzi Decoction (SJZD) is a conventional prescription for curing spleen deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine and polysaccharide is its main ingredient. 28804502 0 19 theme Sijunzi 110:116 arg1 Formula 118:124 Sijunzi Formula 110:124 Sijunzi Formula 110:124 Purification, Preliminary Characterization, and Immunological Activity of Polysaccharides from Crude Drugs of Sijunzi Formula. 28804502 6 20 theme RAW 1201:1203 arg1 cells 1211:1215 RAW 264.7 cells 1201:1215 RAW 264.7 cells 1201:1215 RS-3-1, BZ-3-1, FL-3-1, and GC-3-1 could significantly enhance the phagocytosis and increase the NO production and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level in RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). 28804502 4 21 with Gal 868:870 arg1 ratios 885:890 various ratios 877:890 various ratios 877:890 Monosaccharide composition determined by GC-MS analysis showed that these polysaccharides were primarily composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc, and Gal with various ratios. 28804502 7 22 theme immunological 1260:1272 arg1 activities 1274:1283 the immunological activities 1256:1283 the immunological activities of these polysaccharides from the four crude drugs 1256:1334 These results demonstrated the immunological activities of these polysaccharides from the four crude drugs. 28804502 8 23 theme SJZD 1478:1481 arg1 decoction 1483:1491 SJZD decoction 1478:1491 SJZD decoction 1478:1491 This study supports the therapeutic effect of SJZD in clinical use and is essential for further identification the immunopolysaccharide from SJZD decoction. 28804502 2 24 theme GC-3-1 589:594 arg1 decoctions 597:606 Radix Glycyrrhizae (GC-3-1) decoctions 569:606 Radix Glycyrrhizae (GC-3-1) decoctions 569:606 In order to explore the effective ingredients contributing to the immunological activity of SJZD, we isolated and purified seven homogeneous polysaccharides from Radix Ginseng (RS-3-1 and RS-3-2), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (BZ-3-1, BZ-3-2, and BZ-3-3), Poria (FL-3-1), and Radix Glycyrrhizae (GC-3-1) decoctions, respectively. 28804502 2 25 theme effective 311:319 arg1 ingredients 321:331 the effective ingredients 307:331 the effective ingredients contributing to the immunological activity of SJZD 307:382 In order to explore the effective ingredients contributing to the immunological activity of SJZD, we isolated and purified seven homogeneous polysaccharides from Radix Ginseng (RS-3-1 and RS-3-2), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (BZ-3-1, BZ-3-2, and BZ-3-3), Poria (FL-3-1), and Radix Glycyrrhizae (GC-3-1) decoctions, respectively. 28804502 8 26 from effect 1373:1378 arg1 use 1400:1402 clinical use 1391:1402 clinical use 1391:1402 This study supports the therapeutic effect of SJZD in clinical use and is essential for further identification the immunopolysaccharide from SJZD decoction. 28804502 6 27 theme p 1218:1218 arg1 < 1220:1220 p < 0.05 1218:1225 p < 0.05 1218:1225 RS-3-1, BZ-3-1, FL-3-1, and GC-3-1 could significantly enhance the phagocytosis and increase the NO production and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level in RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). 28804502 5 28 theme Immunological 893:905 arg1 assay 916:920 Immunological activity assay 893:920 Immunological activity assay 893:920 Immunological activity assay revealed that polysaccharides from four crude drug components of SJZD displayed inhibitory effects on the complement system. 28804502 4 29 with Glc 859:861 arg1 ratios 885:890 various ratios 877:890 various ratios 877:890 Monosaccharide composition determined by GC-MS analysis showed that these polysaccharides were primarily composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc, and Gal with various ratios. 28804502 1 30 theme spleen 194:199 arg1 deficiency 201:210 spleen deficiency 194:210 spleen deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine 194:242 Sijunzi Decoction (SJZD) is a conventional prescription for curing spleen deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine and polysaccharide is its main ingredient. 28804502 2 31 theme Radix 449:453 arg1 Ginseng 455:461 Radix Ginseng 449:461 Radix Ginseng (RS-3-1 and RS-3-2) 449:481 In order to explore the effective ingredients contributing to the immunological activity of SJZD, we isolated and purified seven homogeneous polysaccharides from Radix Ginseng (RS-3-1 and RS-3-2), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (BZ-3-1, BZ-3-2, and BZ-3-3), Poria (FL-3-1), and Radix Glycyrrhizae (GC-3-1) decoctions, respectively. 28804502 5 32 theme complement 1028:1037 arg1 system 1039:1044 the complement system 1024:1044 the complement system 1024:1044 Immunological activity assay revealed that polysaccharides from four crude drug components of SJZD displayed inhibitory effects on the complement system. 28804502 5 33 theme activity 907:914 arg1 assay 916:920 Immunological activity assay 893:920 Immunological activity assay 893:920 Immunological activity assay revealed that polysaccharides from four crude drug components of SJZD displayed inhibitory effects on the complement system. 28804502 5 34 from components 973:982 arg1 polysaccharides 936:950 polysaccharides 936:950 polysaccharides from four crude drug components of SJZD 936:990 Immunological activity assay revealed that polysaccharides from four crude drug components of SJZD displayed inhibitory effects on the complement system. 28804502 8 35 from decoction 1483:1491 arg1 identification 1433:1446 identification 1433:1446 identification 1433:1446 This study supports the therapeutic effect of SJZD in clinical use and is essential for further identification the immunopolysaccharide from SJZD decoction. 28804502 6 36 dep production 1147:1156 arg1 the 1140:1142 the 1140:1142 the 1140:1142 RS-3-1, BZ-3-1, FL-3-1, and GC-3-1 could significantly enhance the phagocytosis and increase the NO production and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level in RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). 28804502 4 37 theme various 877:883 arg1 ratios 885:890 various ratios 877:890 various ratios 877:890 Monosaccharide composition determined by GC-MS analysis showed that these polysaccharides were primarily composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc, and Gal with various ratios. 28804502 4 38 with Man 854:856 arg1 ratios 885:890 various ratios 877:890 various ratios 877:890 Monosaccharide composition determined by GC-MS analysis showed that these polysaccharides were primarily composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc, and Gal with various ratios. 28804502 2 39 theme homogeneous 416:426 arg1 polysaccharides 428:442 seven homogeneous polysaccharides 410:442 seven homogeneous polysaccharides 410:442 In order to explore the effective ingredients contributing to the immunological activity of SJZD, we isolated and purified seven homogeneous polysaccharides from Radix Ginseng (RS-3-1 and RS-3-2), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (BZ-3-1, BZ-3-2, and BZ-3-3), Poria (FL-3-1), and Radix Glycyrrhizae (GC-3-1) decoctions, respectively. 28804502 8 40 theme clinical 1391:1398 arg1 use 1400:1402 clinical use 1391:1402 clinical use 1391:1402 This study supports the therapeutic effect of SJZD in clinical use and is essential for further identification the immunopolysaccharide from SJZD decoction. 28804502 7 41 theme crude 1324:1328 arg1 drugs 1330:1334 the four crude drugs 1315:1334 the four crude drugs 1315:1334 These results demonstrated the immunological activities of these polysaccharides from the four crude drugs. 28804502 8 42 theme SJZD 1383:1386 arg1 effect 1373:1378 the therapeutic effect 1357:1378 the therapeutic effect of SJZD in clinical use 1357:1402 This study supports the therapeutic effect of SJZD in clinical use and is essential for further identification the immunopolysaccharide from SJZD decoction. 28804502 1 43 theme Traditional 215:225 arg1 Medicine 235:242 Traditional Chinese Medicine 215:242 Traditional Chinese Medicine 215:242 Sijunzi Decoction (SJZD) is a conventional prescription for curing spleen deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine and polysaccharide is its main ingredient. 28804502 5 44 theme SJZD 987:990 arg1 components 973:982 four crude drug components 957:982 four crude drug components of SJZD 957:990 Immunological activity assay revealed that polysaccharides from four crude drug components of SJZD displayed inhibitory effects on the complement system. 28804502 2 45 theme immunological 353:365 arg1 activity 367:374 the immunological activity 349:374 the immunological activity of SJZD 349:382 In order to explore the effective ingredients contributing to the immunological activity of SJZD, we isolated and purified seven homogeneous polysaccharides from Radix Ginseng (RS-3-1 and RS-3-2), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (BZ-3-1, BZ-3-2, and BZ-3-3), Poria (FL-3-1), and Radix Glycyrrhizae (GC-3-1) decoctions, respectively. 28804502 0 46 theme Immunological 48:60 arg1 Activity 62:69 Immunological Activity 48:69 Immunological Activity 48:69 Purification, Preliminary Characterization, and Immunological Activity of Polysaccharides from Crude Drugs of Sijunzi Formula. 28804502 5 47 theme inhibitory 1002:1011 arg1 effects 1013:1019 inhibitory effects 1002:1019 inhibitory effects 1002:1019 Immunological activity assay revealed that polysaccharides from four crude drug components of SJZD displayed inhibitory effects on the complement system. 28804502 6 48 theme factor 1177:1182 arg1 level 1192:1196 tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level 1162:1196 tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level 1162:1196 RS-3-1, BZ-3-1, FL-3-1, and GC-3-1 could significantly enhance the phagocytosis and increase the NO production and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level in RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). 28804502 1 49 theme Sijunzi 127:133 arg1 Decoction 135:143 Sijunzi Decoction 127:143 Sijunzi Decoction (SJZD) 127:150 Sijunzi Decoction (SJZD) is a conventional prescription for curing spleen deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine and polysaccharide is its main ingredient. 28804502 1 49 theme Sijunzi 127:133 arg1 prescription 170:181 a conventional prescription 155:181 a conventional prescription for curing spleen deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine 155:242 Sijunzi Decoction (SJZD) is a conventional prescription for curing spleen deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine and polysaccharide is its main ingredient. 28804502 1 49 theme Sijunzi 127:133 arg1 SJZD 146:149 SJZD 146:149 SJZD 146:149 Sijunzi Decoction (SJZD) is a conventional prescription for curing spleen deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine and polysaccharide is its main ingredient. 28804502 7 50 from drugs 1330:1334 arg1 activities 1274:1283 the immunological activities 1256:1283 the immunological activities of these polysaccharides from the four crude drugs 1256:1334 These results demonstrated the immunological activities of these polysaccharides from the four crude drugs. 28804502 7 50 from drugs 1330:1334 arg1 polysaccharides 1294:1308 these polysaccharides 1288:1308 these polysaccharides from the four crude drugs 1288:1334 These results demonstrated the immunological activities of these polysaccharides from the four crude drugs. 28804502 5 51 theme drug 968:971 arg1 components 973:982 four crude drug components 957:982 four crude drug components of SJZD 957:990 Immunological activity assay revealed that polysaccharides from four crude drug components of SJZD displayed inhibitory effects on the complement system. 28804502 6 52 theme necrosis 1168:1175 arg1 TNF-α 1185:1189 TNF-α 1185:1189 TNF-α 1185:1189 RS-3-1, BZ-3-1, FL-3-1, and GC-3-1 could significantly enhance the phagocytosis and increase the NO production and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level in RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). 28804502 6 52 theme necrosis 1168:1175 arg1 factor 1177:1182 tumor necrosis factor 1162:1182 tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level 1162:1196 RS-3-1, BZ-3-1, FL-3-1, and GC-3-1 could significantly enhance the phagocytosis and increase the NO production and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level in RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). 28804502 1 53 from deficiency 201:210 arg1 Medicine 235:242 Traditional Chinese Medicine 215:242 Traditional Chinese Medicine 215:242 Sijunzi Decoction (SJZD) is a conventional prescription for curing spleen deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine and polysaccharide is its main ingredient. 28804502 4 54 with Xyl 849:851 arg1 ratios 885:890 various ratios 877:890 various ratios 877:890 Monosaccharide composition determined by GC-MS analysis showed that these polysaccharides were primarily composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc, and Gal with various ratios. 28804502 1 55 theme Chinese 227:233 arg1 Medicine 235:242 Traditional Chinese Medicine 215:242 Traditional Chinese Medicine 215:242 Sijunzi Decoction (SJZD) is a conventional prescription for curing spleen deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine and polysaccharide is its main ingredient. 28804502 2 56 dep Macrocephalae 505:517 arg1 BZ-3-2 528:533 BZ-3-2 528:533 BZ-3-2 528:533 In order to explore the effective ingredients contributing to the immunological activity of SJZD, we isolated and purified seven homogeneous polysaccharides from Radix Ginseng (RS-3-1 and RS-3-2), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (BZ-3-1, BZ-3-2, and BZ-3-3), Poria (FL-3-1), and Radix Glycyrrhizae (GC-3-1) decoctions, respectively. 28804502 2 56 dep Macrocephalae 505:517 arg1 BZ-3-3 540:545 BZ-3-3 540:545 BZ-3-3 540:545 In order to explore the effective ingredients contributing to the immunological activity of SJZD, we isolated and purified seven homogeneous polysaccharides from Radix Ginseng (RS-3-1 and RS-3-2), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (BZ-3-1, BZ-3-2, and BZ-3-3), Poria (FL-3-1), and Radix Glycyrrhizae (GC-3-1) decoctions, respectively. 28804502 2 56 dep Macrocephalae 505:517 arg1 BZ-3-1 520:525 BZ-3-1 520:525 BZ-3-1 520:525 In order to explore the effective ingredients contributing to the immunological activity of SJZD, we isolated and purified seven homogeneous polysaccharides from Radix Ginseng (RS-3-1 and RS-3-2), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (BZ-3-1, BZ-3-2, and BZ-3-3), Poria (FL-3-1), and Radix Glycyrrhizae (GC-3-1) decoctions, respectively. 28804502 3 57 theme molecular 627:635 arg1 weight 637:642 The molecular weight 623:642 The molecular weight of seven homogeneous polysaccharides ranged from 5.42 623:696 The molecular weight of seven homogeneous polysaccharides ranged from 5.42 × 104 to 5.65 × 104 Da. 28804502 4 58 theme GC-MS 763:767 arg1 analysis 769:776 GC-MS analysis 763:776 GC-MS analysis 763:776 Monosaccharide composition determined by GC-MS analysis showed that these polysaccharides were primarily composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc, and Gal with various ratios. 28804502 0 59 theme Polysaccharides 74:88 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification, Preliminary Characterization, and Immunological Activity of Polysaccharides from Crude Drugs of Sijunzi Formula. 28804502 0 59 theme Polysaccharides 74:88 arg1 Characterization 26:41 Preliminary Characterization 14:41 Preliminary Characterization 14:41 Purification, Preliminary Characterization, and Immunological Activity of Polysaccharides from Crude Drugs of Sijunzi Formula. 28804502 0 59 theme Polysaccharides 74:88 arg1 Activity 62:69 Immunological Activity 48:69 Immunological Activity 48:69 Purification, Preliminary Characterization, and Immunological Activity of Polysaccharides from Crude Drugs of Sijunzi Formula. 28804502 0 60 from Drugs 101:105 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification, Preliminary Characterization, and Immunological Activity of Polysaccharides from Crude Drugs of Sijunzi Formula. 28804502 0 60 from Drugs 101:105 arg1 Characterization 26:41 Preliminary Characterization 14:41 Preliminary Characterization 14:41 Purification, Preliminary Characterization, and Immunological Activity of Polysaccharides from Crude Drugs of Sijunzi Formula. 28804502 0 60 from Drugs 101:105 arg1 Activity 62:69 Immunological Activity 48:69 Immunological Activity 48:69 Purification, Preliminary Characterization, and Immunological Activity of Polysaccharides from Crude Drugs of Sijunzi Formula. 28804502 5 61 theme crude 962:966 arg1 components 973:982 four crude drug components 957:982 four crude drug components of SJZD 957:990 Immunological activity assay revealed that polysaccharides from four crude drug components of SJZD displayed inhibitory effects on the complement system. 28804502 6 62 dep increase 1131:1138 arg1 < 1220:1220 p < 0.05 1218:1225 p < 0.05 1218:1225 RS-3-1, BZ-3-1, FL-3-1, and GC-3-1 could significantly enhance the phagocytosis and increase the NO production and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level in RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). 28804502 4 63 with Ara 844:846 arg1 ratios 885:890 various ratios 877:890 various ratios 877:890 Monosaccharide composition determined by GC-MS analysis showed that these polysaccharides were primarily composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc, and Gal with various ratios. 28804502 3 64 dep 5.65 707:710 arg1 to 704:705 to 704:705 to 704:705 The molecular weight of seven homogeneous polysaccharides ranged from 5.42 × 104 to 5.65 × 104 Da. 28804502 0 65 theme Preliminary 14:24 arg1 Characterization 26:41 Preliminary Characterization 14:41 Preliminary Characterization 14:41 Purification, Preliminary Characterization, and Immunological Activity of Polysaccharides from Crude Drugs of Sijunzi Formula. 28804502 2 66 theme SJZD 379:382 arg1 activity 367:374 the immunological activity 349:374 the immunological activity of SJZD 349:382 In order to explore the effective ingredients contributing to the immunological activity of SJZD, we isolated and purified seven homogeneous polysaccharides from Radix Ginseng (RS-3-1 and RS-3-2), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (BZ-3-1, BZ-3-2, and BZ-3-3), Poria (FL-3-1), and Radix Glycyrrhizae (GC-3-1) decoctions, respectively. 25348875 9 0 theme strain 1233:1238 arg1 cmg86 1240:1244 strain cmg86 1233:1244 strain cmg86(T) 1233:1247 The results of this study support the conclusion that strain cmg86(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name and Lysinibacillus fluoroglycofenilyticus sp. 25348875 9 0 theme strain 1233:1238 arg1 T 1246:1246 T 1246:1246 T 1246:1246 The results of this study support the conclusion that strain cmg86(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name and Lysinibacillus fluoroglycofenilyticus sp. 25348875 4 1 theme genus 458:462 arg1 Lysinibacillus 464:477 the genus Lysinibacillus 454:477 the genus Lysinibacillus 454:477 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain cmg86(T) belongs to the genus Lysinibacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %). 25348875 9 2 theme study 1199:1203 arg1 results 1183:1189 The results 1179:1189 The results of this study 1179:1203 The results of this study support the conclusion that strain cmg86(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name and Lysinibacillus fluoroglycofenilyticus sp. 25348875 11 3 theme type 1391:1394 arg1 cmg86 1406:1410 cmg86 1406:1410 cmg86 1406:1410 The type strain is cmg86(T) (=KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247(T)). 25348875 11 3 theme type 1391:1394 arg1 strain 1396:1401 The type strain 1387:1401 The type strain 1387:1401 The type strain is cmg86(T) (=KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247(T)). 25348875 2 4 theme Gram-positive 116:128 arg1 bacterium 156:164 A novel Gram-positive, fluoroglycofen-degrading bacterium 108:164 A novel Gram-positive, fluoroglycofen-degrading bacterium 108:164 A novel Gram-positive, fluoroglycofen-degrading bacterium, designated cmg86(T), was isolated from herbicide contaminated soil collected from Tongjing, Jiangsu province, China. 25348875 7 5 theme major 989:993 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1025:1044 phosphatidylglycerol 1025:1044 phosphatidylglycerol 1025:1044 The major polar lipids were found to be phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 25348875 7 5 theme major 989:993 arg1 lipids 1001:1006 The major polar lipids 985:1006 The major polar lipids 985:1006 The major polar lipids were found to be phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 25348875 11 6 theme AB 1439:1440 arg1 cmg86 1406:1410 cmg86 1406:1410 cmg86 1406:1410 The type strain is cmg86(T) (=KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247(T)). 25348875 11 6 theme AB 1439:1440 arg1 T 1450:1450 T 1450:1450 T 1450:1450 The type strain is cmg86(T) (=KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247(T)). 25348875 11 6 theme AB 1439:1440 arg1 2013247 1442:1448 =KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247 1416:1448 =KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247(T) 1416:1451 The type strain is cmg86(T) (=KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247(T)). 25348875 7 7 theme polar 995:999 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1025:1044 phosphatidylglycerol 1025:1044 phosphatidylglycerol 1025:1044 The major polar lipids were found to be phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 25348875 7 7 theme polar 995:999 arg1 lipids 1001:1006 The major polar lipids 985:1006 The major polar lipids 985:1006 The major polar lipids were found to be phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. 25348875 4 8 theme rRNA 392:395 arg1 sequences 402:410 16S rRNA gene sequences 388:410 16S rRNA gene sequences 388:410 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain cmg86(T) belongs to the genus Lysinibacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %). 25348875 9 9 theme genus 1283:1287 arg1 Lysinibacillus 1289:1302 the genus Lysinibacillus 1279:1302 the genus Lysinibacillus 1279:1302 The results of this study support the conclusion that strain cmg86(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name and Lysinibacillus fluoroglycofenilyticus sp. 25348875 4 10 theme 16S 388:390 arg1 sequences 402:410 16S rRNA gene sequences 388:410 16S rRNA gene sequences 388:410 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain cmg86(T) belongs to the genus Lysinibacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %). 25348875 5 11 theme Lysinibacillus 761:774 arg1 characteristics 732:746 the cell-wall characteristics 718:746 the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus 718:774 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was determined to be A4α (L-Lys-D-Asp), which is consistent with the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus. 25348875 8 12 theme cmg86 1138:1142 arg1 content 1120:1126 The genomic DNA G+C content 1100:1126 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain cmg86(T) 1100:1145 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain cmg86(T) was determined to be 37.6 mol%. 25348875 8 12 theme cmg86 1138:1142 arg1 % 1176:1176 37.6 mol% 1168:1176 37.6 mol% 1168:1176 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain cmg86(T) was determined to be 37.6 mol%. 25348875 0 13 theme fluoroglycofenilyticus 15:36 arg1 sp 38:39 Lysinibacillus fluoroglycofenilyticus sp 0:39 Lysinibacillus fluoroglycofenilyticus sp. 0:40 Lysinibacillus fluoroglycofenilyticus sp. 25348875 6 14 theme respiratory 793:803 arg1 meanaquinone-6 866:879 meanaquinone-6 866:879 meanaquinone-6 866:879 The predominant respiratory quinones were identified as menaquinone-7 (MK-7, 89.5 %) and meanaquinone-6 (MK-6, 8.9 %), and the major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and antesio-C17:0. 25348875 6 14 theme respiratory 793:803 arg1 quinones 805:812 The predominant respiratory quinones 777:812 The predominant respiratory quinones 777:812 The predominant respiratory quinones were identified as menaquinone-7 (MK-7, 89.5 %) and meanaquinone-6 (MK-6, 8.9 %), and the major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and antesio-C17:0. 25348875 6 14 theme respiratory 793:803 arg1 menaquinone-7 833:845 menaquinone-7 833:845 menaquinone-7 833:845 The predominant respiratory quinones were identified as menaquinone-7 (MK-7, 89.5 %) and meanaquinone-6 (MK-6, 8.9 %), and the major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and antesio-C17:0. 25348875 11 15 theme =KCTC 1416:1420 arg1 cmg86 1406:1410 cmg86 1406:1410 cmg86 1406:1410 The type strain is cmg86(T) (=KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247(T)). 25348875 11 15 theme =KCTC 1416:1420 arg1 T 1450:1450 T 1450:1450 T 1450:1450 The type strain is cmg86(T) (=KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247(T)). 25348875 11 15 theme =KCTC 1416:1420 arg1 2013247 1442:1448 =KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247 1416:1448 =KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247(T) 1416:1451 The type strain is cmg86(T) (=KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247(T)). 25348875 2 16 attach isolated 192:199 arg1 soil 229:232 herbicide contaminated soil 206:232 herbicide contaminated soil collected from Tongjing, Jiangsu province, China 206:281 A novel Gram-positive, fluoroglycofen-degrading bacterium, designated cmg86(T), was isolated from herbicide contaminated soil collected from Tongjing, Jiangsu province, China. 25348875 2 16 attach isolated 192:199 arg2 bacterium 156:164 A novel Gram-positive, fluoroglycofen-degrading bacterium 108:164 A novel Gram-positive, fluoroglycofen-degrading bacterium 108:164 A novel Gram-positive, fluoroglycofen-degrading bacterium, designated cmg86(T), was isolated from herbicide contaminated soil collected from Tongjing, Jiangsu province, China. 25348875 0 17 theme Lysinibacillus 0:13 arg1 sp 38:39 Lysinibacillus fluoroglycofenilyticus sp 0:39 Lysinibacillus fluoroglycofenilyticus sp. 0:40 Lysinibacillus fluoroglycofenilyticus sp. 25348875 4 18 theme Lysinibacillus 525:538 arg1 T 557:557 T 557:557 T 557:557 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain cmg86(T) belongs to the genus Lysinibacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %). 25348875 4 18 theme Lysinibacillus 525:538 arg1 % 566:566 97.9 % 561:566 97.9 % 561:566 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain cmg86(T) belongs to the genus Lysinibacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %). 25348875 4 18 theme Lysinibacillus 525:538 arg1 DSM 547:549 Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057 525:555 Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) 525:567 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain cmg86(T) belongs to the genus Lysinibacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %). 25348875 9 19 theme novel 1262:1266 arg1 species 1268:1274 a novel species 1260:1274 a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name and Lysinibacillus fluoroglycofenilyticus sp 1260:1366 The results of this study support the conclusion that strain cmg86(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name and Lysinibacillus fluoroglycofenilyticus sp. 25348875 8 20 theme DNA 1112:1114 arg1 content 1120:1126 The genomic DNA G+C content 1100:1126 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain cmg86(T) 1100:1145 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain cmg86(T) was determined to be 37.6 mol%. 25348875 8 20 theme DNA 1112:1114 arg1 % 1176:1176 37.6 mol% 1168:1176 37.6 mol% 1168:1176 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain cmg86(T) was determined to be 37.6 mol%. 25348875 1 21 attach isolated 60:67 arg2 bacterium 50:58 a bacterium 48:58 a bacterium isolated from fluoroglycofen 48:87 nov., a bacterium isolated from fluoroglycofen contaminated soil. 25348875 1 21 attach isolated 60:67 arg1 fluoroglycofen 74:87 fluoroglycofen 74:87 fluoroglycofen 74:87 nov., a bacterium isolated from fluoroglycofen contaminated soil. 25348875 1 21 attach isolated 60:67 arg2 nov. 42:45 nov. 42:45 nov. 42:45 nov., a bacterium isolated from fluoroglycofen contaminated soil. 25348875 3 22 theme Strain 284:289 arg1 T 297:297 T 297:297 T 297:297 Strain cmg86(T) was found to be aerobic, motile, endospore-forming rods. 25348875 3 22 theme Strain 284:289 arg1 cmg86 291:295 Strain cmg86 284:295 Strain cmg86(T) 284:298 Strain cmg86(T) was found to be aerobic, motile, endospore-forming rods. 25348875 4 23 theme Phylogenetic 357:368 arg1 analyses 370:377 Phylogenetic analyses 357:377 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 357:410 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain cmg86(T) belongs to the genus Lysinibacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %). 25348875 5 24 with consistent 702:711 arg1 characteristics 732:746 the cell-wall characteristics 718:746 the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus 718:774 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was determined to be A4α (L-Lys-D-Asp), which is consistent with the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus. 25348875 4 25 theme Lysinibacillus 573:586 arg1 % 616:616 96.6 % 611:616 96.6 % 611:616 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain cmg86(T) belongs to the genus Lysinibacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %). 25348875 4 25 theme Lysinibacillus 573:586 arg1 KCTC 597:600 Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961 573:605 Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %) 573:617 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain cmg86(T) belongs to the genus Lysinibacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %). 25348875 4 25 theme Lysinibacillus 573:586 arg1 T 607:607 T 607:607 T 607:607 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain cmg86(T) belongs to the genus Lysinibacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %). 25348875 5 26 theme cell-wall 722:730 arg1 characteristics 732:746 the cell-wall characteristics 718:746 the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus 718:774 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was determined to be A4α (L-Lys-D-Asp), which is consistent with the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus. 25348875 6 27 theme predominant 781:791 arg1 meanaquinone-6 866:879 meanaquinone-6 866:879 meanaquinone-6 866:879 The predominant respiratory quinones were identified as menaquinone-7 (MK-7, 89.5 %) and meanaquinone-6 (MK-6, 8.9 %), and the major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and antesio-C17:0. 25348875 6 27 theme predominant 781:791 arg1 quinones 805:812 The predominant respiratory quinones 777:812 The predominant respiratory quinones 777:812 The predominant respiratory quinones were identified as menaquinone-7 (MK-7, 89.5 %) and meanaquinone-6 (MK-6, 8.9 %), and the major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and antesio-C17:0. 25348875 6 27 theme predominant 781:791 arg1 menaquinone-7 833:845 menaquinone-7 833:845 menaquinone-7 833:845 The predominant respiratory quinones were identified as menaquinone-7 (MK-7, 89.5 %) and meanaquinone-6 (MK-6, 8.9 %), and the major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and antesio-C17:0. 25348875 4 28 theme meyeri 540:545 arg1 T 557:557 T 557:557 T 557:557 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain cmg86(T) belongs to the genus Lysinibacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %). 25348875 4 28 theme meyeri 540:545 arg1 % 566:566 97.9 % 561:566 97.9 % 561:566 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain cmg86(T) belongs to the genus Lysinibacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %). 25348875 4 28 theme meyeri 540:545 arg1 DSM 547:549 Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057 525:555 Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) 525:567 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain cmg86(T) belongs to the genus Lysinibacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %). 25348875 5 29 theme cell-wall 624:632 arg1 A4α 674:676 A4α 674:676 A4α (L-Lys-D-Asp) 674:690 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was determined to be A4α (L-Lys-D-Asp), which is consistent with the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus. 25348875 5 29 theme cell-wall 624:632 arg1 type 648:651 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 620:651 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 620:651 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was determined to be A4α (L-Lys-D-Asp), which is consistent with the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus. 25348875 4 30 theme strain 427:432 arg1 cmg86 434:438 strain cmg86 427:438 strain cmg86(T) 427:441 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain cmg86(T) belongs to the genus Lysinibacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %). 25348875 4 30 theme strain 427:432 arg1 T 440:440 T 440:440 T 440:440 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain cmg86(T) belongs to the genus Lysinibacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %). 25348875 9 31 theme Lysinibacillus 1327:1340 arg1 sp 1365:1366 Lysinibacillus fluoroglycofenilyticus sp 1327:1366 Lysinibacillus fluoroglycofenilyticus sp 1327:1366 The results of this study support the conclusion that strain cmg86(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name and Lysinibacillus fluoroglycofenilyticus sp. 25348875 8 32 theme G+C 1116:1118 arg1 content 1120:1126 The genomic DNA G+C content 1100:1126 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain cmg86(T) 1100:1145 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain cmg86(T) was determined to be 37.6 mol%. 25348875 8 32 theme G+C 1116:1118 arg1 % 1176:1176 37.6 mol% 1168:1176 37.6 mol% 1168:1176 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain cmg86(T) was determined to be 37.6 mol%. 25348875 4 33 theme highest 494:500 arg1 similarity 511:520 the highest sequence similarity 490:520 the highest sequence similarity 490:520 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain cmg86(T) belongs to the genus Lysinibacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %). 25348875 3 34 dep aerobic 316:322 arg1 motile 325:330 motile 325:330 motile 325:330 Strain cmg86(T) was found to be aerobic, motile, endospore-forming rods. 25348875 3 34 dep aerobic 316:322 arg1 endospore-forming 333:349 endospore-forming 333:349 endospore-forming 333:349 Strain cmg86(T) was found to be aerobic, motile, endospore-forming rods. 25348875 11 35 theme T 1428:1428 arg1 cmg86 1406:1410 cmg86 1406:1410 cmg86 1406:1410 The type strain is cmg86(T) (=KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247(T)). 25348875 11 35 theme T 1428:1428 arg1 T 1450:1450 T 1450:1450 T 1450:1450 The type strain is cmg86(T) (=KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247(T)). 25348875 11 35 theme T 1428:1428 arg1 2013247 1442:1448 =KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247 1416:1448 =KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247(T) 1416:1451 The type strain is cmg86(T) (=KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247(T)). 25348875 4 36 theme odysseyi 588:595 arg1 % 616:616 96.6 % 611:616 96.6 % 611:616 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain cmg86(T) belongs to the genus Lysinibacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %). 25348875 4 36 theme odysseyi 588:595 arg1 KCTC 597:600 Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961 573:605 Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %) 573:617 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain cmg86(T) belongs to the genus Lysinibacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %). 25348875 4 36 theme odysseyi 588:595 arg1 T 607:607 T 607:607 T 607:607 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain cmg86(T) belongs to the genus Lysinibacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %). 25348875 8 37 theme strain 1131:1136 arg1 T 1144:1144 T 1144:1144 T 1144:1144 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain cmg86(T) was determined to be 37.6 mol%. 25348875 8 37 theme strain 1131:1136 arg1 cmg86 1138:1142 strain cmg86 1131:1142 strain cmg86(T) 1131:1145 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain cmg86(T) was determined to be 37.6 mol%. 25348875 2 38 theme novel 110:114 arg1 bacterium 156:164 A novel Gram-positive, fluoroglycofen-degrading bacterium 108:164 A novel Gram-positive, fluoroglycofen-degrading bacterium 108:164 A novel Gram-positive, fluoroglycofen-degrading bacterium, designated cmg86(T), was isolated from herbicide contaminated soil collected from Tongjing, Jiangsu province, China. 25348875 6 39 theme fatty 910:914 arg1 iso-C15:0 941:949 iso-C15:0 941:949 iso-C15:0 941:949 The predominant respiratory quinones were identified as menaquinone-7 (MK-7, 89.5 %) and meanaquinone-6 (MK-6, 8.9 %), and the major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and antesio-C17:0. 25348875 6 39 theme fatty 910:914 arg1 antesio-C17:0 970:982 antesio-C17:0 970:982 antesio-C17:0 970:982 The predominant respiratory quinones were identified as menaquinone-7 (MK-7, 89.5 %) and meanaquinone-6 (MK-6, 8.9 %), and the major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and antesio-C17:0. 25348875 6 39 theme fatty 910:914 arg1 acids 916:920 the major fatty acids 900:920 the major fatty acids 900:920 The predominant respiratory quinones were identified as menaquinone-7 (MK-7, 89.5 %) and meanaquinone-6 (MK-6, 8.9 %), and the major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and antesio-C17:0. 25348875 6 39 theme fatty 910:914 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 952:964 anteiso-C15:0 952:964 anteiso-C15:0 952:964 The predominant respiratory quinones were identified as menaquinone-7 (MK-7, 89.5 %) and meanaquinone-6 (MK-6, 8.9 %), and the major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and antesio-C17:0. 25348875 9 40 theme Lysinibacillus 1289:1302 arg1 species 1268:1274 a novel species 1260:1274 a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name and Lysinibacillus fluoroglycofenilyticus sp 1260:1366 The results of this study support the conclusion that strain cmg86(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name and Lysinibacillus fluoroglycofenilyticus sp. 25348875 5 41 theme peptidoglycan 634:646 arg1 A4α 674:676 A4α 674:676 A4α (L-Lys-D-Asp) 674:690 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was determined to be A4α (L-Lys-D-Asp), which is consistent with the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus. 25348875 5 41 theme peptidoglycan 634:646 arg1 type 648:651 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 620:651 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type 620:651 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was determined to be A4α (L-Lys-D-Asp), which is consistent with the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus. 25348875 2 42 theme contaminated 216:227 arg1 soil 229:232 herbicide contaminated soil 206:232 herbicide contaminated soil collected from Tongjing, Jiangsu province, China 206:281 A novel Gram-positive, fluoroglycofen-degrading bacterium, designated cmg86(T), was isolated from herbicide contaminated soil collected from Tongjing, Jiangsu province, China. 25348875 4 43 theme gene 397:400 arg1 sequences 402:410 16S rRNA gene sequences 388:410 16S rRNA gene sequences 388:410 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain cmg86(T) belongs to the genus Lysinibacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %). 25348875 11 44 theme 33183 1422:1426 arg1 cmg86 1406:1410 cmg86 1406:1410 cmg86 1406:1410 The type strain is cmg86(T) (=KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247(T)). 25348875 11 44 theme 33183 1422:1426 arg1 T 1450:1450 T 1450:1450 T 1450:1450 The type strain is cmg86(T) (=KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247(T)). 25348875 11 44 theme 33183 1422:1426 arg1 2013247 1442:1448 =KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247 1416:1448 =KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247(T) 1416:1451 The type strain is cmg86(T) (=KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247(T)). 25348875 8 45 theme 37.6 mol 1168:1175 arg1 content 1120:1126 The genomic DNA G+C content 1100:1126 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain cmg86(T) 1100:1145 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain cmg86(T) was determined to be 37.6 mol%. 25348875 8 45 theme 37.6 mol 1168:1175 arg1 % 1176:1176 37.6 mol% 1168:1176 37.6 mol% 1168:1176 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain cmg86(T) was determined to be 37.6 mol%. 25348875 4 46 theme sequence 502:509 arg1 similarity 511:520 the highest sequence similarity 490:520 the highest sequence similarity 490:520 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain cmg86(T) belongs to the genus Lysinibacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus meyeri DSM 25057(T) (97.9 %) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi KCTC 3961(T) (96.6 %). 25348875 2 47 theme herbicide 206:214 arg1 soil 229:232 herbicide contaminated soil 206:232 herbicide contaminated soil collected from Tongjing, Jiangsu province, China 206:281 A novel Gram-positive, fluoroglycofen-degrading bacterium, designated cmg86(T), was isolated from herbicide contaminated soil collected from Tongjing, Jiangsu province, China. 25348875 6 48 theme major 904:908 arg1 iso-C15:0 941:949 iso-C15:0 941:949 iso-C15:0 941:949 The predominant respiratory quinones were identified as menaquinone-7 (MK-7, 89.5 %) and meanaquinone-6 (MK-6, 8.9 %), and the major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and antesio-C17:0. 25348875 6 48 theme major 904:908 arg1 antesio-C17:0 970:982 antesio-C17:0 970:982 antesio-C17:0 970:982 The predominant respiratory quinones were identified as menaquinone-7 (MK-7, 89.5 %) and meanaquinone-6 (MK-6, 8.9 %), and the major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and antesio-C17:0. 25348875 6 48 theme major 904:908 arg1 acids 916:920 the major fatty acids 900:920 the major fatty acids 900:920 The predominant respiratory quinones were identified as menaquinone-7 (MK-7, 89.5 %) and meanaquinone-6 (MK-6, 8.9 %), and the major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and antesio-C17:0. 25348875 6 48 theme major 904:908 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 952:964 anteiso-C15:0 952:964 anteiso-C15:0 952:964 The predominant respiratory quinones were identified as menaquinone-7 (MK-7, 89.5 %) and meanaquinone-6 (MK-6, 8.9 %), and the major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and antesio-C17:0. 25348875 9 49 theme fluoroglycofenilyticus 1342:1363 arg1 sp 1365:1366 Lysinibacillus fluoroglycofenilyticus sp 1327:1366 Lysinibacillus fluoroglycofenilyticus sp 1327:1366 The results of this study support the conclusion that strain cmg86(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name and Lysinibacillus fluoroglycofenilyticus sp. 25348875 5 50 theme genus 755:759 arg1 Lysinibacillus 761:774 the genus Lysinibacillus 751:774 the genus Lysinibacillus 751:774 The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was determined to be A4α (L-Lys-D-Asp), which is consistent with the cell-wall characteristics of the genus Lysinibacillus. 25348875 9 51 dep name 1318:1321 arg1 the 1314:1316 the 1314:1316 the 1314:1316 The results of this study support the conclusion that strain cmg86(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name and Lysinibacillus fluoroglycofenilyticus sp. 25348875 3 52 theme aerobic 316:322 arg1 rods 351:354 aerobic, motile, endospore-forming rods 316:354 aerobic, motile, endospore-forming rods 316:354 Strain cmg86(T) was found to be aerobic, motile, endospore-forming rods. 25348875 8 53 theme genomic 1104:1110 arg1 content 1120:1126 The genomic DNA G+C content 1100:1126 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain cmg86(T) 1100:1145 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain cmg86(T) was determined to be 37.6 mol%. 25348875 8 53 theme genomic 1104:1110 arg1 % 1176:1176 37.6 mol% 1168:1176 37.6 mol% 1168:1176 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain cmg86(T) was determined to be 37.6 mol%. 25348875 11 54 theme  = CCTCC 1430:1437 arg1 cmg86 1406:1410 cmg86 1406:1410 cmg86 1406:1410 The type strain is cmg86(T) (=KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247(T)). 25348875 11 54 theme  = CCTCC 1430:1437 arg1 T 1450:1450 T 1450:1450 T 1450:1450 The type strain is cmg86(T) (=KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247(T)). 25348875 11 54 theme  = CCTCC 1430:1437 arg1 2013247 1442:1448 =KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247 1416:1448 =KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247(T) 1416:1451 The type strain is cmg86(T) (=KCTC 33183(T) = CCTCC AB 2013247(T)). 25348875 2 55 dep Gram-positive 116:128 arg1 fluoroglycofen-degrading 131:154 fluoroglycofen-degrading 131:154 fluoroglycofen-degrading 131:154 A novel Gram-positive, fluoroglycofen-degrading bacterium, designated cmg86(T), was isolated from herbicide contaminated soil collected from Tongjing, Jiangsu province, China. 26593472 6 0 theme analytical 927:936 arg1 methods 938:944 analytical methods 927:944 analytical methods 927:944 Additionally the contents of polysaccharides in studied fruits were determined by analytical methods. 26593472 7 1 theme multivariate 1018:1029 arg1 methods 1043:1049 multivariate statistical methods 1018:1049 multivariate statistical methods 1018:1049 It has been shown that the analysis of infrared spectra and the use of multivariate statistical methods can be useful for studying the composition of dietary fibre. 26593472 1 2 theme people 139:144 arg1 all 146:148 people all 139:148 people all over the world 139:163 Fresh fruit is an important part of the diet of people all over the world as a significant source of water, vitamins and natural sugars. 26593472 1 3 theme natural 212:218 arg1 sugars 220:225 natural sugars 212:225 natural sugars 212:225 Fresh fruit is an important part of the diet of people all over the world as a significant source of water, vitamins and natural sugars. 26593472 4 4 theme cellulose 445:453 arg1 contents 424:431 the contents 420:431 the contents of pectins, cellulose and hemicelluloses 420:472 The aim of present study was to predict the contents of pectins, cellulose and hemicelluloses by partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis on the basis of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue. 26593472 7 5 theme statistical 1031:1041 arg1 methods 1043:1049 multivariate statistical methods 1018:1049 multivariate statistical methods 1018:1049 It has been shown that the analysis of infrared spectra and the use of multivariate statistical methods can be useful for studying the composition of dietary fibre. 26593472 1 6 theme all 146:148 arg1 diet 131:134 the diet 127:134 the diet of people all over the world 127:163 Fresh fruit is an important part of the diet of people all over the world as a significant source of water, vitamins and natural sugars. 26593472 1 7 theme sugars 220:225 arg1 source 182:187 a significant source 168:187 a significant source of water, vitamins and natural sugars 168:225 Fresh fruit is an important part of the diet of people all over the world as a significant source of water, vitamins and natural sugars. 26593472 7 8 theme fibre 1105:1109 arg1 composition 1082:1092 the composition 1078:1092 the composition of dietary fibre 1078:1109 It has been shown that the analysis of infrared spectra and the use of multivariate statistical methods can be useful for studying the composition of dietary fibre. 26593472 2 9 theme sources 264:270 arg1 one 248:250 one 248:250 one 248:250 Nowadays it is also one of the main sources of dietary fibre. 26593472 2 9 theme sources 264:270 arg1 sources 264:270 the main sources 255:270 the main sources of dietary fibre 255:287 Nowadays it is also one of the main sources of dietary fibre. 26593472 5 10 theme hierarchical 807:818 arg1 HCA 838:840 HCA 838:840 HCA 838:840 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 5 10 theme hierarchical 807:818 arg1 methods 758:764 chemometric methods 746:764 chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)) 746:842 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 5 10 theme hierarchical 807:818 arg1 analysis 828:835 hierarchical cluster analysis 807:835 hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) 807:841 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 6 11 theme studied 893:899 arg1 fruits 901:906 studied fruits 893:906 studied fruits 893:906 Additionally the contents of polysaccharides in studied fruits were determined by analytical methods. 26593472 4 12 theme transform-infrared 549:566 arg1 spectra 576:582 Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra 541:582 Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue 541:609 The aim of present study was to predict the contents of pectins, cellulose and hemicelluloses by partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis on the basis of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue. 26593472 4 13 theme cell 593:596 arg1 wall 598:601 fruit cell wall 587:601 fruit cell wall residue 587:609 The aim of present study was to predict the contents of pectins, cellulose and hemicelluloses by partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis on the basis of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue. 26593472 5 14 theme components 777:786 arg1 analysis 788:795 principle components analysis 767:795 principle components analysis (PCA) 767:801 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 5 14 theme components 777:786 arg1 methods 758:764 chemometric methods 746:764 chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)) 746:842 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 5 14 theme components 777:786 arg1 PCA 798:800 PCA 798:800 PCA 798:800 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 5 15 theme spectral 705:712 arg1 information 714:724 FT-IR spectral information 699:724 FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)) 699:842 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 5 16 from information 714:724 arg1 combination 729:739 combination 729:739 combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)) 729:842 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 6 17 theme polysaccharides 874:888 arg1 contents 862:869 the contents 858:869 the contents of polysaccharides in studied fruits 858:906 Additionally the contents of polysaccharides in studied fruits were determined by analytical methods. 26593472 4 18 theme spectra 576:582 arg1 basis 532:536 the basis 528:536 the basis of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue 528:609 The aim of present study was to predict the contents of pectins, cellulose and hemicelluloses by partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis on the basis of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue. 26593472 7 19 theme infrared 986:993 arg1 spectra 995:1001 infrared spectra 986:1001 infrared spectra 986:1001 It has been shown that the analysis of infrared spectra and the use of multivariate statistical methods can be useful for studying the composition of dietary fibre. 26593472 1 20 theme Fresh 91:95 arg1 fruit 97:101 Fresh fruit 91:101 Fresh fruit 91:101 Fresh fruit is an important part of the diet of people all over the world as a significant source of water, vitamins and natural sugars. 26593472 1 20 theme Fresh 91:95 arg1 part 119:122 an important part 106:122 an important part of the diet of people all over the world 106:163 Fresh fruit is an important part of the diet of people all over the world as a significant source of water, vitamins and natural sugars. 26593472 2 21 dep Nowadays 228:235 arg1 it 237:238 it 237:238 it 237:238 Nowadays it is also one of the main sources of dietary fibre. 26593472 3 22 theme cell 327:330 arg1 fibre 311:315 fibre 311:315 fibre 311:315 In fruit the dietary fibre is simply cell wall consisting essentially of polysaccharides. 26593472 3 22 theme cell 327:330 arg1 wall 332:335 cell wall 327:335 cell wall consisting essentially of polysaccharides 327:377 In fruit the dietary fibre is simply cell wall consisting essentially of polysaccharides. 26593472 4 23 theme squares 491:497 arg1 analysis 516:523 partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis 477:523 partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis 477:523 The aim of present study was to predict the contents of pectins, cellulose and hemicelluloses by partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis on the basis of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue. 26593472 7 24 theme spectra 995:1001 arg1 useful 1058:1063 useful 1058:1063 useful 1058:1063 It has been shown that the analysis of infrared spectra and the use of multivariate statistical methods can be useful for studying the composition of dietary fibre. 26593472 7 24 theme spectra 995:1001 arg1 analysis 974:981 the analysis 970:981 the analysis of infrared spectra 970:1001 It has been shown that the analysis of infrared spectra and the use of multivariate statistical methods can be useful for studying the composition of dietary fibre. 26593472 7 24 theme spectra 995:1001 arg1 use 1011:1013 the use 1007:1013 the use of multivariate statistical methods 1007:1049 It has been shown that the analysis of infrared spectra and the use of multivariate statistical methods can be useful for studying the composition of dietary fibre. 26593472 2 25 theme main 259:262 arg1 sources 264:270 the main sources 255:270 the main sources of dietary fibre 255:287 Nowadays it is also one of the main sources of dietary fibre. 26593472 4 26 theme fruit 587:591 arg1 wall 598:601 fruit cell wall 587:601 fruit cell wall residue 587:609 The aim of present study was to predict the contents of pectins, cellulose and hemicelluloses by partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis on the basis of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue. 26593472 4 27 theme least 485:489 arg1 squares 491:497 partial least squares 477:497 partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis 477:523 The aim of present study was to predict the contents of pectins, cellulose and hemicelluloses by partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis on the basis of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue. 26593472 5 28 theme second 616:621 arg1 purpose 623:629 The second purpose 612:629 The second purpose 612:629 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 5 29 theme chemometric 746:756 arg1 analysis 788:795 principle components analysis 767:795 principle components analysis (PCA) 767:801 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 5 29 theme chemometric 746:756 arg1 methods 758:764 chemometric methods 746:764 chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)) 746:842 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 5 29 theme chemometric 746:756 arg1 analysis 828:835 hierarchical cluster analysis 807:835 hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) 807:841 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 6 30 from contents 862:869 arg1 fruits 901:906 studied fruits 893:906 studied fruits 893:906 Additionally the contents of polysaccharides in studied fruits were determined by analytical methods. 26593472 4 31 theme present 391:397 arg1 study 399:403 present study 391:403 present study 391:403 The aim of present study was to predict the contents of pectins, cellulose and hemicelluloses by partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis on the basis of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue. 26593472 5 32 theme cluster 820:826 arg1 HCA 838:840 HCA 838:840 HCA 838:840 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 5 32 theme cluster 820:826 arg1 methods 758:764 chemometric methods 746:764 chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)) 746:842 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 5 32 theme cluster 820:826 arg1 analysis 828:835 hierarchical cluster analysis 807:835 hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) 807:841 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 1 33 theme significant 170:180 arg1 source 182:187 a significant source 168:187 a significant source of water, vitamins and natural sugars 168:225 Fresh fruit is an important part of the diet of people all over the world as a significant source of water, vitamins and natural sugars. 26593472 0 34 theme Fourier 26:32 arg1 spectroscopy 53:64 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 26:64 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 26:64 Study on dietary fibre by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and chemometric methods. 26593472 4 35 theme regression 499:508 arg1 analysis 516:523 partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis 477:523 partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis 477:523 The aim of present study was to predict the contents of pectins, cellulose and hemicelluloses by partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis on the basis of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue. 26593472 7 36 theme methods 1043:1049 arg1 useful 1058:1063 useful 1058:1063 useful 1058:1063 It has been shown that the analysis of infrared spectra and the use of multivariate statistical methods can be useful for studying the composition of dietary fibre. 26593472 7 36 theme methods 1043:1049 arg1 analysis 974:981 the analysis 970:981 the analysis of infrared spectra 970:1001 It has been shown that the analysis of infrared spectra and the use of multivariate statistical methods can be useful for studying the composition of dietary fibre. 26593472 7 36 theme methods 1043:1049 arg1 use 1011:1013 the use 1007:1013 the use of multivariate statistical methods 1007:1049 It has been shown that the analysis of infrared spectra and the use of multivariate statistical methods can be useful for studying the composition of dietary fibre. 26593472 4 37 theme residue 603:609 arg1 spectra 576:582 Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra 541:582 Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue 541:609 The aim of present study was to predict the contents of pectins, cellulose and hemicelluloses by partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis on the basis of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue. 26593472 4 38 theme hemicelluloses 459:472 arg1 contents 424:431 the contents 420:431 the contents of pectins, cellulose and hemicelluloses 420:472 The aim of present study was to predict the contents of pectins, cellulose and hemicelluloses by partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis on the basis of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue. 26593472 4 39 theme PLS 511:513 arg1 analysis 516:523 partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis 477:523 partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis 477:523 The aim of present study was to predict the contents of pectins, cellulose and hemicelluloses by partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis on the basis of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue. 26593472 1 40 theme vitamins 199:206 arg1 source 182:187 a significant source 168:187 a significant source of water, vitamins and natural sugars 168:225 Fresh fruit is an important part of the diet of people all over the world as a significant source of water, vitamins and natural sugars. 26593472 4 41 theme FT-IR 569:573 arg1 spectra 576:582 Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra 541:582 Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue 541:609 The aim of present study was to predict the contents of pectins, cellulose and hemicelluloses by partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis on the basis of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue. 26593472 5 42 theme FT-IR 699:703 arg1 information 714:724 FT-IR spectral information 699:724 FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)) 699:842 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 4 43 theme study 399:403 arg1 aim 384:386 The aim 380:386 The aim of present study 380:403 The aim of present study was to predict the contents of pectins, cellulose and hemicelluloses by partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis on the basis of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue. 26593472 1 44 theme important 109:117 arg1 fruit 97:101 Fresh fruit 91:101 Fresh fruit 91:101 Fresh fruit is an important part of the diet of people all over the world as a significant source of water, vitamins and natural sugars. 26593472 1 44 theme important 109:117 arg1 part 119:122 an important part 106:122 an important part of the diet of people all over the world 106:163 Fresh fruit is an important part of the diet of people all over the world as a significant source of water, vitamins and natural sugars. 26593472 0 45 theme transform-infrared 34:51 arg1 spectroscopy 53:64 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 26:64 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 26:64 Study on dietary fibre by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and chemometric methods. 26593472 4 46 theme partial 477:483 arg1 squares 491:497 partial least squares 477:497 partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis 477:523 The aim of present study was to predict the contents of pectins, cellulose and hemicelluloses by partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis on the basis of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue. 26593472 4 47 theme pectins 436:442 arg1 contents 424:431 the contents 420:431 the contents of pectins, cellulose and hemicelluloses 420:472 The aim of present study was to predict the contents of pectins, cellulose and hemicelluloses by partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis on the basis of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue. 26593472 2 48 theme fibre 283:287 arg1 sources 264:270 the main sources 255:270 the main sources of dietary fibre 255:287 Nowadays it is also one of the main sources of dietary fibre. 26593472 5 49 from fruit 684:688 arg1 composition 650:660 the composition 646:660 the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)) 646:842 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 5 49 from fruit 684:688 arg1 fibre 673:677 fibre 673:677 fibre 673:677 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 1 50 theme water 192:196 arg1 source 182:187 a significant source 168:187 a significant source of water, vitamins and natural sugars 168:225 Fresh fruit is an important part of the diet of people all over the world as a significant source of water, vitamins and natural sugars. 26593472 5 51 with combination 729:739 arg1 analysis 788:795 principle components analysis 767:795 principle components analysis (PCA) 767:801 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 5 51 with combination 729:739 arg1 methods 758:764 chemometric methods 746:764 chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)) 746:842 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 5 51 with combination 729:739 arg1 analysis 828:835 hierarchical cluster analysis 807:835 hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) 807:841 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 0 52 theme chemometric 70:80 arg1 methods 82:88 chemometric methods 70:88 chemometric methods 70:88 Study on dietary fibre by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and chemometric methods. 26593472 5 53 theme principle 767:775 arg1 analysis 788:795 principle components analysis 767:795 principle components analysis (PCA) 767:801 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 5 53 theme principle 767:775 arg1 methods 758:764 chemometric methods 746:764 chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)) 746:842 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 5 53 theme principle 767:775 arg1 PCA 798:800 PCA 798:800 PCA 798:800 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 5 54 from composition 650:660 arg1 fruit 684:688 fruit 684:688 fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)) 684:842 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 1 55 theme diet 131:134 arg1 fruit 97:101 Fresh fruit 91:101 Fresh fruit 91:101 Fresh fruit is an important part of the diet of people all over the world as a significant source of water, vitamins and natural sugars. 26593472 1 55 theme diet 131:134 arg1 part 119:122 an important part 106:122 an important part of the diet of people all over the world 106:163 Fresh fruit is an important part of the diet of people all over the world as a significant source of water, vitamins and natural sugars. 26593472 4 56 theme Fourier 541:547 arg1 spectra 576:582 Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra 541:582 Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue 541:609 The aim of present study was to predict the contents of pectins, cellulose and hemicelluloses by partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis on the basis of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue. 26593472 5 57 theme fibre 673:677 arg1 composition 650:660 the composition 646:660 the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)) 646:842 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 3 58 from wall 332:335 arg1 fruit 293:297 fruit 293:297 fruit 293:297 In fruit the dietary fibre is simply cell wall consisting essentially of polysaccharides. 26593472 5 59 dep methods 758:764 arg1 analysis 788:795 principle components analysis 767:795 principle components analysis (PCA) 767:801 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 5 59 dep methods 758:764 arg1 HCA 838:840 HCA 838:840 HCA 838:840 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 5 59 dep methods 758:764 arg1 methods 758:764 chemometric methods 746:764 chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)) 746:842 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 5 59 dep methods 758:764 arg1 analysis 828:835 hierarchical cluster analysis 807:835 hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) 807:841 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 5 59 dep methods 758:764 arg1 PCA 798:800 PCA 798:800 PCA 798:800 The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). 26593472 4 60 theme wall 598:601 arg1 residue 603:609 fruit cell wall residue 587:609 fruit cell wall residue 587:609 The aim of present study was to predict the contents of pectins, cellulose and hemicelluloses by partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis on the basis of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue. 23852692 7 0 theme thrombospondin 1446:1459 arg1 motifs 1461:1466 thrombospondin motifs 1446:1466 thrombospondin motifs 1446:1466 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 2 1 theme TG 579:580 arg1 mice 583:586 fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice 561:586 fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice 561:586 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 11 2 theme OA 2086:2087 arg1 prevention 2089:2098 OA prevention 2086:2098 OA prevention 2086:2098 Future investigation into the role of the endogenous n-6/n-3 PUFAs composition in OA prevention and treatment is warranted. 23852692 8 3 theme exogenous 1585:1593 arg1 PUFAs 1614:1618 Both exogenous and endogenous n-3 PUFAs 1580:1618 Both exogenous and endogenous n-3 PUFAs 1580:1618 Both exogenous and endogenous n-3 PUFAs downregulated mTORC1 activity and promoted autophagy in articular chondrocytes. 23852692 4 4 theme OA 805:806 arg1 incidence 792:800 the incidence 788:800 the incidence of OA 788:806 The composition of the endogenous PUFAs in mouse tissues was analysed by gas chromatography, and the incidence of OA was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy and histological methods. 23852692 2 5 theme transgenic 567:576 arg1 mice 583:586 fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice 561:586 fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice 561:586 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 8 6 theme endogenous 1599:1608 arg1 PUFAs 1614:1618 Both exogenous and endogenous n-3 PUFAs 1580:1618 Both exogenous and endogenous n-3 PUFAs 1580:1618 Both exogenous and endogenous n-3 PUFAs downregulated mTORC1 activity and promoted autophagy in articular chondrocytes. 23852692 8 7 theme articular 1676:1684 arg1 chondrocytes 1686:1697 articular chondrocytes 1676:1697 articular chondrocytes 1676:1697 Both exogenous and endogenous n-3 PUFAs downregulated mTORC1 activity and promoted autophagy in articular chondrocytes. 23852692 7 8 theme matrix 1354:1359 arg1 MMP-13 1383:1388 MMP-13 1383:1388 MMP-13 1383:1388 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 7 8 theme matrix 1354:1359 arg1 metalloproteinase-13 1361:1380 matrix metalloproteinase-13 1354:1380 matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) 1354:1389 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 10 9 dep PUFAs 1845:1849 arg1 delay 1870:1874 delay 1870:1874 delay 1870:1874 CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of the synthesis of endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes. 23852692 1 10 theme exogenous 188:196 arg1 supplement 198:207 An exogenous supplement 185:207 An exogenous supplement of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 185:250 BACKGROUND An exogenous supplement of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been reported to prevent osteoarthritis (OA) through undefined mechanisms. 23852692 11 11 theme n-6/n-3 2057:2063 arg1 composition 2071:2081 the endogenous n-6/n-3 PUFAs composition 2042:2081 the endogenous n-6/n-3 PUFAs composition 2042:2081 Future investigation into the role of the endogenous n-6/n-3 PUFAs composition in OA prevention and treatment is warranted. 23852692 4 12 theme scanning 863:870 arg1 microscopy 881:890 scanning electron microscopy 863:890 scanning electron microscopy 863:890 The composition of the endogenous PUFAs in mouse tissues was analysed by gas chromatography, and the incidence of OA was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy and histological methods. 23852692 10 13 theme cartilage 1980:1988 arg1 chondrocytes 1990:2001 cartilage chondrocytes 1980:2001 cartilage chondrocytes 1980:2001 CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of the synthesis of endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes. 23852692 0 14 theme synthesis 19:27 arg1 Enhancement 0:10 Enhancement 0:10 Enhancement of the synthesis of n-3 PUFAs in fat-1 transgenic mice 0:65 Enhancement of the synthesis of n-3 PUFAs in fat-1 transgenic mice inhibits mTORC1 signalling and delays surgically induced osteoarthritis in comparison with wild-type mice. 23852692 2 15 with OA 433:434 arg1 target 478:483 mammalian target 468:483 mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice 468:586 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 1 16 theme polyunsaturated 216:230 arg1 PUFAs 245:249 PUFAs 245:249 PUFAs 245:249 BACKGROUND An exogenous supplement of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been reported to prevent osteoarthritis (OA) through undefined mechanisms. 23852692 1 16 theme polyunsaturated 216:230 arg1 acids 238:242 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids 212:242 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 212:250 BACKGROUND An exogenous supplement of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been reported to prevent osteoarthritis (OA) through undefined mechanisms. 23852692 4 17 theme micro-computed 825:838 arg1 tomography 840:849 micro-computed tomography 825:849 micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) 825:860 The composition of the endogenous PUFAs in mouse tissues was analysed by gas chromatography, and the incidence of OA was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy and histological methods. 23852692 4 17 theme micro-computed 825:838 arg1 micro-CT 852:859 micro-CT 852:859 micro-CT 852:859 The composition of the endogenous PUFAs in mouse tissues was analysed by gas chromatography, and the incidence of OA was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy and histological methods. 23852692 9 18 theme mTORC1 1712:1717 arg1 activation 1727:1736 mTORC1 pathway activation 1712:1736 mTORC1 pathway activation 1712:1736 Conversely, mTORC1 pathway activation suppressed autophagy in articular chondrocytes. 23852692 7 19 from expression 1340:1349 arg1 cartilage 1486:1494 the articular cartilage 1472:1494 the articular cartilage (p<0.01) 1472:1503 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 7 19 from expression 1340:1349 arg1 p<0.01 1497:1502 p<0.01 1497:1502 p<0.01 1497:1502 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 7 20 theme extracellular 1558:1570 arg1 matrix 1572:1577 cartilage extracellular matrix 1548:1577 cartilage extracellular matrix 1548:1577 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 2 21 theme autophagy 540:548 arg1 pathway 550:556 a critical autophagy pathway 529:556 a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice 529:586 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 2 21 theme autophagy 540:548 arg1 signalling 517:526 rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling 488:526 rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling 488:526 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 0 22 theme wild-type 158:166 arg1 mice 168:171 wild-type mice 158:171 wild-type mice 158:171 Enhancement of the synthesis of n-3 PUFAs in fat-1 transgenic mice inhibits mTORC1 signalling and delays surgically induced osteoarthritis in comparison with wild-type mice. 23852692 3 23 theme METHODS 589:595 arg1 TG 603:604 METHODS fat-1 TG and wild-type mice 589:623 TG 603:604 METHODS fat-1 TG and wild-type mice were used to create an OA model by resecting the medial meniscus. 23852692 2 24 theme rapamycin 488:496 arg1 pathway 550:556 a critical autophagy pathway 529:556 a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice 529:586 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 2 24 theme rapamycin 488:496 arg1 signalling 517:526 rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling 488:526 rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling 488:526 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 7 25 theme OA 1303:1304 arg1 p<0.01 1313:1318 p<0.01 1313:1318 p<0.01 1313:1318 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 7 25 theme OA 1303:1304 arg1 model 1306:1310 the OA model 1299:1310 the OA model (p<0.01) 1299:1319 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 0 26 theme fat-1 45:49 arg1 mice 62:65 fat-1 transgenic mice 45:65 fat-1 transgenic mice 45:65 Enhancement of the synthesis of n-3 PUFAs in fat-1 transgenic mice inhibits mTORC1 signalling and delays surgically induced osteoarthritis in comparison with wild-type mice. 23852692 7 27 theme PUFAs 1127:1131 arg1 composition 1101:1111 The composition 1097:1111 The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice 1097:1142 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 9 28 theme pathway 1719:1725 arg1 activation 1727:1736 mTORC1 pathway activation 1712:1736 mTORC1 pathway activation 1712:1736 Conversely, mTORC1 pathway activation suppressed autophagy in articular chondrocytes. 23852692 7 29 theme increased 1166:1174 arg1 PUFAs 1180:1184 increased n-3 PUFAs 1166:1184 increased n-3 PUFAs 1166:1184 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 10 30 from promotion 1936:1944 arg1 chondrocytes 1990:2001 cartilage chondrocytes 1980:2001 cartilage chondrocytes 1980:2001 CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of the synthesis of endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes. 23852692 4 31 from PUFAs 725:729 arg1 tissues 740:746 mouse tissues 734:746 mouse tissues 734:746 The composition of the endogenous PUFAs in mouse tissues was analysed by gas chromatography, and the incidence of OA was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy and histological methods. 23852692 7 32 dep metalloproteinase-13 1361:1380 arg1 metalloproteinase 1423:1439 metalloproteinase 1423:1439 metalloproteinase 1423:1439 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 7 32 dep metalloproteinase-13 1361:1380 arg1 disintegrin 1407:1417 a disintegrin 1405:1417 a disintegrin 1405:1417 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 7 33 theme chondrocyte 1517:1527 arg1 number 1529:1534 chondrocyte number 1517:1534 chondrocyte number 1517:1534 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 2 34 theme mTORC1 509:514 arg1 pathway 550:556 a critical autophagy pathway 529:556 a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice 529:586 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 2 34 theme mTORC1 509:514 arg1 signalling 517:526 rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling 488:526 rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling 488:526 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 0 35 from Enhancement 0:10 arg1 mice 62:65 fat-1 transgenic mice 45:65 fat-1 transgenic mice 45:65 Enhancement of the synthesis of n-3 PUFAs in fat-1 transgenic mice inhibits mTORC1 signalling and delays surgically induced osteoarthritis in comparison with wild-type mice. 23852692 0 36 with comparison 142:151 arg1 mice 168:171 wild-type mice 158:171 wild-type mice 158:171 Enhancement of the synthesis of n-3 PUFAs in fat-1 transgenic mice inhibits mTORC1 signalling and delays surgically induced osteoarthritis in comparison with wild-type mice. 23852692 0 37 theme mTORC1 76:81 arg1 signalling 83:92 mTORC1 signalling 76:92 mTORC1 signalling 76:92 Enhancement of the synthesis of n-3 PUFAs in fat-1 transgenic mice inhibits mTORC1 signalling and delays surgically induced osteoarthritis in comparison with wild-type mice. 23852692 4 38 theme histological 896:907 arg1 methods 909:915 histological methods 896:915 histological methods 896:915 The composition of the endogenous PUFAs in mouse tissues was analysed by gas chromatography, and the incidence of OA was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy and histological methods. 23852692 7 39 dep RESULTS 1089:1095 arg1 optimised 1148:1156 optimised 1148:1156 optimised 1148:1156 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 4 40 theme PUFAs 725:729 arg1 composition 695:705 The composition 691:705 The composition of the endogenous PUFAs in mouse tissues 691:746 The composition of the endogenous PUFAs in mouse tissues was analysed by gas chromatography, and the incidence of OA was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy and histological methods. 23852692 4 41 from composition 695:705 arg1 tissues 740:746 mouse tissues 734:746 mouse tissues 734:746 The composition of the endogenous PUFAs in mouse tissues was analysed by gas chromatography, and the incidence of OA was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy and histological methods. 23852692 0 42 theme transgenic 51:60 arg1 mice 62:65 fat-1 transgenic mice 45:65 fat-1 transgenic mice 45:65 Enhancement of the synthesis of n-3 PUFAs in fat-1 transgenic mice inhibits mTORC1 signalling and delays surgically induced osteoarthritis in comparison with wild-type mice. 23852692 8 43 from autophagy 1663:1671 arg1 chondrocytes 1686:1697 articular chondrocytes 1676:1697 articular chondrocytes 1676:1697 Both exogenous and endogenous n-3 PUFAs downregulated mTORC1 activity and promoted autophagy in articular chondrocytes. 23852692 10 44 theme mTORC1 1928:1933 arg1 survival 1968:1975 cell survival 1963:1975 cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes 1963:2001 CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of the synthesis of endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes. 23852692 10 44 theme mTORC1 1928:1933 arg1 promotion 1936:1944 promotion 1936:1944 promotion of autophagy 1936:1957 CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of the synthesis of endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes. 23852692 10 44 theme mTORC1 1928:1933 arg1 inhibition 1914:1923 inhibition 1914:1923 inhibition of mTORC1 1914:1933 CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of the synthesis of endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes. 23852692 2 45 theme alterations 379:389 arg1 effect 369:374 the effect 365:374 the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice 365:586 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 7 46 theme TG 1136:1137 arg1 mice 1139:1142 TG mice 1136:1142 TG mice 1136:1142 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 6 47 theme endogenous 1009:1018 arg1 PUFAs 1020:1024 exogenous and endogenous PUFAs 995:1024 exogenous and endogenous PUFAs 995:1024 The effect of exogenous and endogenous PUFAs on mTORC1 activity and autophagy in chondrocytes was assessed. 23852692 2 48 theme PUFAs 424:428 arg1 composition 398:408 the composition 394:408 the composition of endogenous PUFAs 394:428 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 4 49 from tissues 740:746 arg1 composition 695:705 The composition 691:705 The composition of the endogenous PUFAs in mouse tissues 691:746 The composition of the endogenous PUFAs in mouse tissues was analysed by gas chromatography, and the incidence of OA was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy and histological methods. 23852692 6 50 theme exogenous 995:1003 arg1 PUFAs 1020:1024 exogenous and endogenous PUFAs 995:1024 exogenous and endogenous PUFAs 995:1024 The effect of exogenous and endogenous PUFAs on mTORC1 activity and autophagy in chondrocytes was assessed. 23852692 3 51 theme wild-type 610:618 arg1 mice 620:623 METHODS fat-1 TG and wild-type mice 589:623 mice 620:623 METHODS fat-1 TG and wild-type mice were used to create an OA model by resecting the medial meniscus. 23852692 7 52 theme articular 1476:1484 arg1 cartilage 1486:1494 the articular cartilage 1472:1494 the articular cartilage (p<0.01) 1472:1503 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 7 52 theme articular 1476:1484 arg1 p<0.01 1497:1502 p<0.01 1497:1502 p<0.01 1497:1502 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 2 53 from alterations 379:389 arg1 composition 398:408 the composition 394:408 the composition of endogenous PUFAs 394:428 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 7 54 theme articular 1246:1254 arg1 destruction 1266:1276 the articular cartilage destruction 1242:1276 the articular cartilage destruction 1242:1276 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 0 55 theme PUFAs 36:40 arg1 synthesis 19:27 the synthesis 15:27 the synthesis of n-3 PUFAs 15:40 Enhancement of the synthesis of n-3 PUFAs in fat-1 transgenic mice inhibits mTORC1 signalling and delays surgically induced osteoarthritis in comparison with wild-type mice. 23852692 10 56 theme n-6 1856:1858 arg1 PUFAs 1860:1864 n-6 PUFAs 1856:1864 n-6 PUFAs 1856:1864 CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of the synthesis of endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes. 23852692 3 57 used used 630:633 arg2 mice 620:623 METHODS fat-1 TG and wild-type mice 589:623 mice 620:623 METHODS fat-1 TG and wild-type mice were used to create an OA model by resecting the medial meniscus. 23852692 3 57 used used 630:633 arg2 TG 603:604 METHODS fat-1 TG and wild-type mice 589:623 TG 603:604 METHODS fat-1 TG and wild-type mice were used to create an OA model by resecting the medial meniscus. 23852692 7 58 dep optimised 1148:1156 arg1 both 1158:1161 both 1158:1161 both 1158:1161 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 4 59 theme mouse 734:738 arg1 tissues 740:746 mouse tissues 734:746 mouse tissues 734:746 The composition of the endogenous PUFAs in mouse tissues was analysed by gas chromatography, and the incidence of OA was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy and histological methods. 23852692 8 60 theme n-3 1610:1612 arg1 PUFAs 1614:1618 Both exogenous and endogenous n-3 PUFAs 1580:1618 Both exogenous and endogenous n-3 PUFAs 1580:1618 Both exogenous and endogenous n-3 PUFAs downregulated mTORC1 activity and promoted autophagy in articular chondrocytes. 23852692 1 61 theme fatty 232:236 arg1 PUFAs 245:249 PUFAs 245:249 PUFAs 245:249 BACKGROUND An exogenous supplement of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been reported to prevent osteoarthritis (OA) through undefined mechanisms. 23852692 1 61 theme fatty 232:236 arg1 acids 238:242 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids 212:242 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 212:250 BACKGROUND An exogenous supplement of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been reported to prevent osteoarthritis (OA) through undefined mechanisms. 23852692 11 62 from role 2034:2037 arg1 treatment 2104:2112 treatment 2104:2112 treatment 2104:2112 Future investigation into the role of the endogenous n-6/n-3 PUFAs composition in OA prevention and treatment is warranted. 23852692 11 62 from role 2034:2037 arg1 prevention 2089:2098 OA prevention 2086:2098 OA prevention 2086:2098 Future investigation into the role of the endogenous n-6/n-3 PUFAs composition in OA prevention and treatment is warranted. 23852692 0 63 from osteoarthritis 124:137 arg1 comparison 142:151 comparison 142:151 comparison with wild-type mice 142:171 Enhancement of the synthesis of n-3 PUFAs in fat-1 transgenic mice inhibits mTORC1 signalling and delays surgically induced osteoarthritis in comparison with wild-type mice. 23852692 6 64 from activity 1036:1043 arg1 chondrocytes 1062:1073 chondrocytes 1062:1073 chondrocytes 1062:1073 The effect of exogenous and endogenous PUFAs on mTORC1 activity and autophagy in chondrocytes was assessed. 23852692 7 65 with disintegrin 1407:1417 arg1 motifs 1461:1466 thrombospondin motifs 1446:1466 thrombospondin motifs 1446:1466 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 10 66 theme n-3 1841:1843 arg1 PUFAs 1845:1849 endogenous n-3 PUFAs 1830:1849 endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes 1830:2001 CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of the synthesis of endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes. 23852692 6 67 from autophagy 1049:1057 arg1 chondrocytes 1062:1073 chondrocytes 1062:1073 chondrocytes 1062:1073 The effect of exogenous and endogenous PUFAs on mTORC1 activity and autophagy in chondrocytes was assessed. 23852692 7 68 with metalloproteinase 1423:1439 arg1 motifs 1461:1466 thrombospondin motifs 1446:1466 thrombospondin motifs 1446:1466 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 7 69 theme decreased 1190:1198 arg1 PUFAs 1204:1208 decreased n-6 PUFAs 1190:1208 decreased n-6 PUFAs 1190:1208 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 10 70 theme OA 1893:1894 arg1 incidence 1880:1888 the incidence 1876:1888 the incidence of OA 1876:1894 CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of the synthesis of endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes. 23852692 11 71 theme composition 2071:2081 arg1 role 2034:2037 the role 2030:2037 the role of the endogenous n-6/n-3 PUFAs composition in OA prevention and treatment 2030:2112 Future investigation into the role of the endogenous n-6/n-3 PUFAs composition in OA prevention and treatment is warranted. 23852692 11 72 theme Future 2004:2009 arg1 investigation 2011:2023 Future investigation 2004:2023 Future investigation into the role of the endogenous n-6/n-3 PUFAs composition in OA prevention and treatment 2004:2112 Future investigation into the role of the endogenous n-6/n-3 PUFAs composition in OA prevention and treatment is warranted. 23852692 2 73 theme fat-1 561:565 arg1 mice 583:586 fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice 561:586 fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice 561:586 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 2 74 from pathway 550:556 arg1 mice 583:586 fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice 561:586 fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice 561:586 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 3 75 theme medial 674:679 arg1 meniscus 681:688 the medial meniscus 670:688 the medial meniscus 670:688 METHODS fat-1 TG and wild-type mice were used to create an OA model by resecting the medial meniscus. 23852692 7 76 theme ADAMTS-5 1395:1402 arg1 expression 1340:1349 protein expression 1332:1349 protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) 1332:1503 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 6 77 from effect 985:990 arg1 autophagy 1049:1057 autophagy 1049:1057 autophagy 1049:1057 The effect of exogenous and endogenous PUFAs on mTORC1 activity and autophagy in chondrocytes was assessed. 23852692 6 77 from effect 985:990 arg1 activity 1036:1043 mTORC1 activity 1029:1043 mTORC1 activity 1029:1043 The effect of exogenous and endogenous PUFAs on mTORC1 activity and autophagy in chondrocytes was assessed. 23852692 2 78 from effect 369:374 arg1 associations 441:452 associations 441:452 associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice 441:586 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 2 78 from effect 369:374 arg1 OA 433:434 OA 433:434 OA 433:434 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 2 78 from effect 369:374 arg1 composition 398:408 the composition 394:408 the composition of endogenous PUFAs 394:428 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 7 79 theme metalloproteinase-13 1361:1380 arg1 expression 1340:1349 protein expression 1332:1349 protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) 1332:1503 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 10 80 theme autophagy 1949:1957 arg1 survival 1968:1975 cell survival 1963:1975 cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes 1963:2001 CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of the synthesis of endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes. 23852692 10 80 theme autophagy 1949:1957 arg1 promotion 1936:1944 promotion 1936:1944 promotion of autophagy 1936:1957 CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of the synthesis of endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes. 23852692 10 80 theme autophagy 1949:1957 arg1 inhibition 1914:1923 inhibition 1914:1923 inhibition of mTORC1 1914:1933 CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of the synthesis of endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes. 23852692 0 81 theme induced 116:122 arg1 osteoarthritis 124:137 surgically induced osteoarthritis 105:137 surgically induced osteoarthritis in comparison with wild-type mice 105:171 Enhancement of the synthesis of n-3 PUFAs in fat-1 transgenic mice inhibits mTORC1 signalling and delays surgically induced osteoarthritis in comparison with wild-type mice. 23852692 1 82 dep BACKGROUND 174:183 arg1 reported 261:268 reported 261:268 has been reported to prevent osteoarthritis (OA) through undefined mechanisms 252:328 BACKGROUND An exogenous supplement of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been reported to prevent osteoarthritis (OA) through undefined mechanisms. 23852692 11 83 theme PUFAs 2065:2069 arg1 composition 2071:2081 the endogenous n-6/n-3 PUFAs composition 2042:2081 the endogenous n-6/n-3 PUFAs composition 2042:2081 Future investigation into the role of the endogenous n-6/n-3 PUFAs composition in OA prevention and treatment is warranted. 23852692 10 84 theme synthesis 1817:1825 arg1 Enhancement 1798:1808 Enhancement 1798:1808 Enhancement of the synthesis of endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes 1798:2001 CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of the synthesis of endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes. 23852692 1 85 theme n-3 212:214 arg1 PUFAs 245:249 PUFAs 245:249 PUFAs 245:249 BACKGROUND An exogenous supplement of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been reported to prevent osteoarthritis (OA) through undefined mechanisms. 23852692 1 85 theme n-3 212:214 arg1 acids 238:242 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids 212:242 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 212:250 BACKGROUND An exogenous supplement of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been reported to prevent osteoarthritis (OA) through undefined mechanisms. 23852692 10 86 from inhibition 1914:1923 arg1 chondrocytes 1990:2001 cartilage chondrocytes 1980:2001 cartilage chondrocytes 1980:2001 CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of the synthesis of endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes. 23852692 7 87 theme matrix 1572:1577 arg1 loss 1540:1543 loss 1540:1543 loss of cartilage extracellular matrix 1540:1577 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 7 87 theme matrix 1572:1577 arg1 number 1529:1534 chondrocyte number 1517:1534 chondrocyte number 1517:1534 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 11 88 theme endogenous 2046:2055 arg1 composition 2071:2081 the endogenous n-6/n-3 PUFAs composition 2042:2081 the endogenous n-6/n-3 PUFAs composition 2042:2081 Future investigation into the role of the endogenous n-6/n-3 PUFAs composition in OA prevention and treatment is warranted. 23852692 7 89 theme protein 1332:1338 arg1 expression 1340:1349 protein expression 1332:1349 protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) 1332:1503 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 9 90 theme articular 1762:1770 arg1 chondrocytes 1772:1783 articular chondrocytes 1762:1783 articular chondrocytes 1762:1783 Conversely, mTORC1 pathway activation suppressed autophagy in articular chondrocytes. 23852692 7 91 theme cartilage 1548:1556 arg1 matrix 1572:1577 cartilage extracellular matrix 1548:1577 cartilage extracellular matrix 1548:1577 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 10 92 theme cell 1963:1966 arg1 survival 1968:1975 cell survival 1963:1975 cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes 1963:2001 CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of the synthesis of endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes. 23852692 10 93 theme PUFAs 1845:1849 arg1 synthesis 1817:1825 the synthesis 1813:1825 the synthesis of endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes 1813:2001 CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of the synthesis of endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes. 23852692 2 94 theme critical 531:538 arg1 pathway 550:556 a critical autophagy pathway 529:556 a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice 529:586 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 2 94 theme critical 531:538 arg1 signalling 517:526 rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling 488:526 rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling 488:526 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 7 95 theme n-3 1176:1178 arg1 PUFAs 1180:1184 increased n-3 PUFAs 1166:1184 increased n-3 PUFAs 1166:1184 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 10 96 theme endogenous 1830:1839 arg1 PUFAs 1845:1849 endogenous n-3 PUFAs 1830:1849 endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes 1830:2001 CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of the synthesis of endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes. 23852692 2 97 with associations 441:452 arg1 target 478:483 mammalian target 468:483 mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice 468:586 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 2 98 theme mammalian 468:476 arg1 target 478:483 mammalian target 468:483 mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice 468:586 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 4 99 theme electron 872:879 arg1 microscopy 881:890 scanning electron microscopy 863:890 scanning electron microscopy 863:890 The composition of the endogenous PUFAs in mouse tissues was analysed by gas chromatography, and the incidence of OA was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy and histological methods. 23852692 7 100 theme mice 1139:1142 arg1 PUFAs 1127:1131 endogenous PUFAs 1116:1131 endogenous PUFAs of TG mice 1116:1142 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 10 101 from survival 1968:1975 arg1 chondrocytes 1990:2001 cartilage chondrocytes 1980:2001 cartilage chondrocytes 1980:2001 CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of the synthesis of endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes. 23852692 6 102 theme mTORC1 1029:1034 arg1 activity 1036:1043 mTORC1 activity 1029:1043 mTORC1 activity 1029:1043 The effect of exogenous and endogenous PUFAs on mTORC1 activity and autophagy in chondrocytes was assessed. 23852692 2 103 theme complex 498:504 arg1 pathway 550:556 a critical autophagy pathway 529:556 a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice 529:586 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 2 103 theme complex 498:504 arg1 signalling 517:526 rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling 488:526 rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling 488:526 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 4 104 theme endogenous 714:723 arg1 PUFAs 725:729 the endogenous PUFAs 710:729 the endogenous PUFAs in mouse tissues 710:746 The composition of the endogenous PUFAs in mouse tissues was analysed by gas chromatography, and the incidence of OA was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy and histological methods. 23852692 6 105 theme PUFAs 1020:1024 arg1 effect 985:990 The effect 981:990 The effect of exogenous and endogenous PUFAs on mTORC1 activity and autophagy in chondrocytes 981:1073 The effect of exogenous and endogenous PUFAs on mTORC1 activity and autophagy in chondrocytes was assessed. 23852692 2 106 theme signalling 517:526 arg1 target 478:483 mammalian target 468:483 mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice 468:586 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 7 107 theme endogenous 1116:1125 arg1 PUFAs 1127:1131 endogenous PUFAs 1116:1131 endogenous PUFAs of TG mice 1116:1142 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 7 108 theme cartilage 1256:1264 arg1 destruction 1266:1276 the articular cartilage destruction 1242:1276 the articular cartilage destruction 1242:1276 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 2 109 dep OBJECTIVE 331:339 arg1 investigated 352:363 investigated 352:363 investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice 352:586 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 2 110 theme endogenous 413:422 arg1 PUFAs 424:428 endogenous PUFAs 413:428 endogenous PUFAs 413:428 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 0 111 theme n-3 32:34 arg1 PUFAs 36:40 n-3 PUFAs 32:40 n-3 PUFAs 32:40 Enhancement of the synthesis of n-3 PUFAs in fat-1 transgenic mice inhibits mTORC1 signalling and delays surgically induced osteoarthritis in comparison with wild-type mice. 23852692 2 112 theme PUFAs 457:461 arg1 OA 433:434 OA 433:434 OA 433:434 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 2 112 theme PUFAs 457:461 arg1 associations 441:452 associations 441:452 associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice 441:586 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 3 113 theme fat-1 597:601 arg1 TG 603:604 METHODS fat-1 TG and wild-type mice 589:623 TG 603:604 METHODS fat-1 TG and wild-type mice were used to create an OA model by resecting the medial meniscus. 23852692 4 114 theme gas 764:766 arg1 chromatography 768:781 gas chromatography 764:781 gas chromatography 764:781 The composition of the endogenous PUFAs in mouse tissues was analysed by gas chromatography, and the incidence of OA was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy and histological methods. 23852692 1 115 theme undefined 309:317 arg1 mechanisms 319:328 undefined mechanisms 309:328 undefined mechanisms 309:328 BACKGROUND An exogenous supplement of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been reported to prevent osteoarthritis (OA) through undefined mechanisms. 23852692 5 116 theme primary 932:938 arg1 chondrocytes 940:951 primary chondrocytes 932:951 primary chondrocytes 932:951 Additionally, primary chondrocytes were isolated and cultured. 23852692 8 117 theme mTORC1 1634:1639 arg1 activity 1641:1648 mTORC1 activity 1634:1648 mTORC1 activity 1634:1648 Both exogenous and endogenous n-3 PUFAs downregulated mTORC1 activity and promoted autophagy in articular chondrocytes. 23852692 1 118 theme acids 238:242 arg1 supplement 198:207 An exogenous supplement 185:207 An exogenous supplement of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 185:250 BACKGROUND An exogenous supplement of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been reported to prevent osteoarthritis (OA) through undefined mechanisms. 23852692 2 119 from composition 398:408 arg1 effect 369:374 the effect 365:374 the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice 365:586 OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice. 23852692 7 120 theme n-6 1200:1202 arg1 PUFAs 1204:1208 decreased n-6 PUFAs 1190:1208 decreased n-6 PUFAs 1190:1208 RESULTS The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p<0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p<0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. 23852692 3 121 theme OA 648:649 arg1 model 651:655 an OA model 645:655 an OA model 645:655 METHODS fat-1 TG and wild-type mice were used to create an OA model by resecting the medial meniscus. 25369140 5 0 theme transgenic 817:826 arg1 mice 828:831 transgenic mice 817:831 transgenic mice harboring an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene 817:874 Using transgenic mice harboring an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene, we demonstrate a novel application of this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging and show that LPS-induced NFκB activity was suppressed with NEC compared to an equivalent amount of curcumin in aqueous suspension. 25369140 8 1 theme B-cell 1536:1541 arg1 levels 1543:1548 T-cell or B-cell levels 1526:1548 T-cell or B-cell levels 1526:1548 In a mouse model of peritonitis, NEC significantly reduced macrophage recruitment, but not T-cell or B-cell levels. 25369140 1 2 from medicine 191:198 arg1 use 150:152 the widespread use 135:152 the widespread use of curcumin for centuries in Eastern medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent 135:228 Despite the widespread use of curcumin for centuries in Eastern medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent, its molecular actions and therapeutic viability have only recently been explored. 25369140 9 3 theme curcumin 1564:1571 arg1 treatment 1573:1581 curcumin treatment 1564:1581 curcumin treatment of monocyte derived cell lines and primary human macrophages in vitro 1564:1651 In addition, curcumin treatment of monocyte derived cell lines and primary human macrophages in vitro significantly inhibited cell migration. 25369140 5 4 from amount 1106:1111 arg1 suspension 1136:1145 aqueous suspension 1128:1145 aqueous suspension 1128:1145 Using transgenic mice harboring an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene, we demonstrate a novel application of this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging and show that LPS-induced NFκB activity was suppressed with NEC compared to an equivalent amount of curcumin in aqueous suspension. 25369140 0 5 from administration 5:18 arg1 mice 49:52 mice 49:52 mice 49:52 Oral administration of nano-emulsion curcumin in mice suppresses inflammatory-induced NFκB signaling and macrophage migration. 25369140 10 6 theme effective 1850:1858 arg1 formulation 1872:1882 an effective therapeutic formulation 1847:1882 an effective therapeutic formulation to increase the bioavailability of curcumin in order to facilitate this response 1847:1963 These data demonstrate that curcumin can suppress inflammation by inhibiting macrophage migration via NFκB and MCP-1 inhibition and establish that NEC is an effective therapeutic formulation to increase the bioavailability of curcumin in order to facilitate this response. 25369140 10 6 theme effective 1850:1858 arg1 NEC 1840:1842 NEC 1840:1842 NEC 1840:1842 These data demonstrate that curcumin can suppress inflammation by inhibiting macrophage migration via NFκB and MCP-1 inhibition and establish that NEC is an effective therapeutic formulation to increase the bioavailability of curcumin in order to facilitate this response. 25369140 3 7 theme nano-emulsion 538:550 arg1 NEC 562:564 NEC 562:564 NEC 562:564 We have previously reported a novel formulation of nano-emulsion curcumin (NEC) that achieves significantly greater plasma concentrations in mice after oral administration. 25369140 3 7 theme nano-emulsion 538:550 arg1 curcumin 552:559 nano-emulsion curcumin 538:559 nano-emulsion curcumin (NEC) 538:565 We have previously reported a novel formulation of nano-emulsion curcumin (NEC) that achieves significantly greater plasma concentrations in mice after oral administration. 25369140 9 8 link derived 1595:1601 arg1 lines 1608:1612 monocyte derived cell lines 1586:1612 monocyte derived cell lines 1586:1612 In addition, curcumin treatment of monocyte derived cell lines and primary human macrophages in vitro significantly inhibited cell migration. 25369140 7 9 theme subunit 1387:1393 arg1 phosphorylation 1360:1374 LPS-induced phosphorylation 1348:1374 LPS-induced phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NFκB and IκBα in murine macrophages 1348:1432 Mechanistically, curcumin blocked LPS-induced phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NFκB and IκBα in murine macrophages. 25369140 7 10 theme murine 1415:1420 arg1 macrophages 1422:1432 murine macrophages 1415:1432 murine macrophages 1415:1432 Mechanistically, curcumin blocked LPS-induced phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NFκB and IκBα in murine macrophages. 25369140 6 11 theme monocytes 1218:1226 arg1 reduction 1199:1207 a reduction 1197:1207 a reduction of blood monocytes 1197:1226 Administration of NEC by oral gavage resulted in a reduction of blood monocytes, decreased levels of both TLR4 and RAGE expression, and inhibited secretion of MCP-1. 25369140 4 12 theme therapeutic 788:798 arg1 potential 800:808 therapeutic potential 788:808 therapeutic potential 788:808 Here, we confirm the immunosuppressive effects of NEC in vivo and further examine its molecular mechanisms to better understand therapeutic potential. 25369140 10 13 theme macrophage 1770:1779 arg1 migration 1781:1789 macrophage migration 1770:1789 macrophage migration 1770:1789 These data demonstrate that curcumin can suppress inflammation by inhibiting macrophage migration via NFκB and MCP-1 inhibition and establish that NEC is an effective therapeutic formulation to increase the bioavailability of curcumin in order to facilitate this response. 25369140 0 14 theme macrophage 105:114 arg1 migration 116:124 macrophage migration 105:124 macrophage migration 105:124 Oral administration of nano-emulsion curcumin in mice suppresses inflammatory-induced NFκB signaling and macrophage migration. 25369140 9 15 theme human 1626:1630 arg1 macrophages 1632:1642 primary human macrophages 1618:1642 primary human macrophages 1618:1642 In addition, curcumin treatment of monocyte derived cell lines and primary human macrophages in vitro significantly inhibited cell migration. 25369140 1 16 from curcumin 157:164 arg1 medicine 191:198 Eastern medicine 183:198 Eastern medicine 183:198 Despite the widespread use of curcumin for centuries in Eastern medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent, its molecular actions and therapeutic viability have only recently been explored. 25369140 5 17 theme administration 975:988 arg1 efficacy 959:966 the efficacy 955:966 the efficacy of NEC administration 955:988 Using transgenic mice harboring an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene, we demonstrate a novel application of this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging and show that LPS-induced NFκB activity was suppressed with NEC compared to an equivalent amount of curcumin in aqueous suspension. 25369140 4 18 theme molecular 746:754 arg1 mechanisms 756:765 its molecular mechanisms 742:765 its molecular mechanisms 742:765 Here, we confirm the immunosuppressive effects of NEC in vivo and further examine its molecular mechanisms to better understand therapeutic potential. 25369140 6 19 theme MCP-1 1307:1311 arg1 secretion 1294:1302 secretion 1294:1302 secretion of MCP-1 1294:1311 Administration of NEC by oral gavage resulted in a reduction of blood monocytes, decreased levels of both TLR4 and RAGE expression, and inhibited secretion of MCP-1. 25369140 5 20 theme novel 894:898 arg1 application 900:910 a novel application 892:910 a novel application of this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging 892:1014 Using transgenic mice harboring an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene, we demonstrate a novel application of this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging and show that LPS-induced NFκB activity was suppressed with NEC compared to an equivalent amount of curcumin in aqueous suspension. 25369140 5 21 theme LPS-induced 1030:1040 arg1 activity 1047:1054 LPS-induced NFκB activity 1030:1054 LPS-induced NFκB activity 1030:1054 Using transgenic mice harboring an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene, we demonstrate a novel application of this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging and show that LPS-induced NFκB activity was suppressed with NEC compared to an equivalent amount of curcumin in aqueous suspension. 25369140 1 22 theme Eastern 183:189 arg1 medicine 191:198 Eastern medicine 183:198 Eastern medicine 183:198 Despite the widespread use of curcumin for centuries in Eastern medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent, its molecular actions and therapeutic viability have only recently been explored. 25369140 1 23 from use 150:152 arg1 medicine 191:198 Eastern medicine 183:198 Eastern medicine 183:198 Despite the widespread use of curcumin for centuries in Eastern medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent, its molecular actions and therapeutic viability have only recently been explored. 25369140 0 24 theme Oral 0:3 arg1 administration 5:18 Oral administration 0:18 Oral administration of nano-emulsion curcumin in mice 0:52 Oral administration of nano-emulsion curcumin in mice suppresses inflammatory-induced NFκB signaling and macrophage migration. 25369140 5 25 theme in 920:921 arg1 model 941:945 this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging 915:1014 this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging 915:1014 Using transgenic mice harboring an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene, we demonstrate a novel application of this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging and show that LPS-induced NFκB activity was suppressed with NEC compared to an equivalent amount of curcumin in aqueous suspension. 25369140 6 26 theme blood 1212:1216 arg1 monocytes 1218:1226 blood monocytes 1212:1226 blood monocytes 1212:1226 Administration of NEC by oral gavage resulted in a reduction of blood monocytes, decreased levels of both TLR4 and RAGE expression, and inhibited secretion of MCP-1. 25369140 9 27 dep derived 1595:1601 arg1 monocyte 1586:1593 monocyte 1586:1593 monocyte 1586:1593 In addition, curcumin treatment of monocyte derived cell lines and primary human macrophages in vitro significantly inhibited cell migration. 25369140 9 28 theme cell 1603:1606 arg1 lines 1608:1612 monocyte derived cell lines 1586:1612 monocyte derived cell lines 1586:1612 In addition, curcumin treatment of monocyte derived cell lines and primary human macrophages in vitro significantly inhibited cell migration. 25369140 2 29 theme potential 338:346 arg1 efficacy 360:367 potential therapeutic efficacy 338:367 potential therapeutic efficacy 338:367 While curcumin does have potential therapeutic efficacy, both solubility and bioavailability must be improved before it can be more successfully translated to clinical care. 25369140 9 30 theme macrophages 1632:1642 arg1 treatment 1573:1581 curcumin treatment 1564:1581 curcumin treatment of monocyte derived cell lines and primary human macrophages in vitro 1564:1651 In addition, curcumin treatment of monocyte derived cell lines and primary human macrophages in vitro significantly inhibited cell migration. 25369140 2 31 theme clinical 472:479 arg1 care 481:484 clinical care 472:484 clinical care 472:484 While curcumin does have potential therapeutic efficacy, both solubility and bioavailability must be improved before it can be more successfully translated to clinical care. 25369140 8 32 theme T-cell 1526:1531 arg1 levels 1543:1548 T-cell or B-cell levels 1526:1548 T-cell or B-cell levels 1526:1548 In a mouse model of peritonitis, NEC significantly reduced macrophage recruitment, but not T-cell or B-cell levels. 25369140 5 33 theme bioluminescent 993:1006 arg1 imaging 1008:1014 bioluminescent imaging 993:1014 bioluminescent imaging 993:1014 Using transgenic mice harboring an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene, we demonstrate a novel application of this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging and show that LPS-induced NFκB activity was suppressed with NEC compared to an equivalent amount of curcumin in aqueous suspension. 25369140 8 34 theme peritonitis 1455:1465 arg1 model 1446:1450 a mouse model 1438:1450 a mouse model of peritonitis 1438:1465 In a mouse model of peritonitis, NEC significantly reduced macrophage recruitment, but not T-cell or B-cell levels. 25369140 4 35 theme NEC 710:712 arg1 effects 699:705 the immunosuppressive effects 677:705 the immunosuppressive effects of NEC 677:712 Here, we confirm the immunosuppressive effects of NEC in vivo and further examine its molecular mechanisms to better understand therapeutic potential. 25369140 0 36 theme nano-emulsion 23:35 arg1 curcumin 37:44 nano-emulsion curcumin 23:44 nano-emulsion curcumin 23:44 Oral administration of nano-emulsion curcumin in mice suppresses inflammatory-induced NFκB signaling and macrophage migration. 25369140 6 37 theme RAGE 1263:1266 arg1 expression 1268:1277 RAGE expression 1263:1277 RAGE expression 1263:1277 Administration of NEC by oral gavage resulted in a reduction of blood monocytes, decreased levels of both TLR4 and RAGE expression, and inhibited secretion of MCP-1. 25369140 9 38 theme primary 1618:1624 arg1 macrophages 1632:1642 primary human macrophages 1618:1642 primary human macrophages 1618:1642 In addition, curcumin treatment of monocyte derived cell lines and primary human macrophages in vitro significantly inhibited cell migration. 25369140 7 39 from macrophages 1422:1432 arg1 subunit 1387:1393 the p65 subunit 1379:1393 the p65 subunit of NFκB and IκBα in murine macrophages 1379:1432 Mechanistically, curcumin blocked LPS-induced phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NFκB and IκBα in murine macrophages. 25369140 1 40 theme anti-inflammatory 206:222 arg1 agent 224:228 an anti-inflammatory agent 203:228 an anti-inflammatory agent 203:228 Despite the widespread use of curcumin for centuries in Eastern medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent, its molecular actions and therapeutic viability have only recently been explored. 25369140 6 41 theme oral 1173:1176 arg1 gavage 1178:1183 oral gavage 1173:1183 oral gavage 1173:1183 Administration of NEC by oral gavage resulted in a reduction of blood monocytes, decreased levels of both TLR4 and RAGE expression, and inhibited secretion of MCP-1. 25369140 9 42 theme derived 1595:1601 arg1 lines 1608:1612 monocyte derived cell lines 1586:1612 monocyte derived cell lines 1586:1612 In addition, curcumin treatment of monocyte derived cell lines and primary human macrophages in vitro significantly inhibited cell migration. 25369140 8 43 theme macrophage 1494:1503 arg1 recruitment 1505:1515 macrophage recruitment 1494:1515 macrophage recruitment 1494:1515 In a mouse model of peritonitis, NEC significantly reduced macrophage recruitment, but not T-cell or B-cell levels. 25369140 3 44 theme greater 595:601 arg1 concentrations 610:623 significantly greater plasma concentrations 581:623 significantly greater plasma concentrations in mice 581:631 We have previously reported a novel formulation of nano-emulsion curcumin (NEC) that achieves significantly greater plasma concentrations in mice after oral administration. 25369140 1 45 theme curcumin 157:164 arg1 use 150:152 the widespread use 135:152 the widespread use of curcumin for centuries in Eastern medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent 135:228 Despite the widespread use of curcumin for centuries in Eastern medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent, its molecular actions and therapeutic viability have only recently been explored. 25369140 9 46 theme lines 1608:1612 arg1 treatment 1573:1581 curcumin treatment 1564:1581 curcumin treatment of monocyte derived cell lines and primary human macrophages in vitro 1564:1651 In addition, curcumin treatment of monocyte derived cell lines and primary human macrophages in vitro significantly inhibited cell migration. 25369140 10 47 theme therapeutic 1860:1870 arg1 formulation 1872:1882 an effective therapeutic formulation 1847:1882 an effective therapeutic formulation to increase the bioavailability of curcumin in order to facilitate this response 1847:1963 These data demonstrate that curcumin can suppress inflammation by inhibiting macrophage migration via NFκB and MCP-1 inhibition and establish that NEC is an effective therapeutic formulation to increase the bioavailability of curcumin in order to facilitate this response. 25369140 10 47 theme therapeutic 1860:1870 arg1 NEC 1840:1842 NEC 1840:1842 NEC 1840:1842 These data demonstrate that curcumin can suppress inflammation by inhibiting macrophage migration via NFκB and MCP-1 inhibition and establish that NEC is an effective therapeutic formulation to increase the bioavailability of curcumin in order to facilitate this response. 25369140 5 48 theme aqueous 1128:1134 arg1 suspension 1136:1145 aqueous suspension 1128:1145 aqueous suspension 1128:1145 Using transgenic mice harboring an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene, we demonstrate a novel application of this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging and show that LPS-induced NFκB activity was suppressed with NEC compared to an equivalent amount of curcumin in aqueous suspension. 25369140 8 49 theme mouse 1440:1444 arg1 model 1446:1450 a mouse model 1438:1450 a mouse model of peritonitis 1438:1465 In a mouse model of peritonitis, NEC significantly reduced macrophage recruitment, but not T-cell or B-cell levels. 25369140 5 50 theme inflammatory 928:939 arg1 model 941:945 this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging 915:1014 this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging 915:1014 Using transgenic mice harboring an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene, we demonstrate a novel application of this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging and show that LPS-induced NFκB activity was suppressed with NEC compared to an equivalent amount of curcumin in aqueous suspension. 25369140 4 51 theme immunosuppressive 681:697 arg1 effects 699:705 the immunosuppressive effects 677:705 the immunosuppressive effects of NEC 677:712 Here, we confirm the immunosuppressive effects of NEC in vivo and further examine its molecular mechanisms to better understand therapeutic potential. 25369140 0 52 theme curcumin 37:44 arg1 administration 5:18 Oral administration 0:18 Oral administration of nano-emulsion curcumin in mice 0:52 Oral administration of nano-emulsion curcumin in mice suppresses inflammatory-induced NFκB signaling and macrophage migration. 25369140 9 53 theme cell 1677:1680 arg1 migration 1682:1690 cell migration 1677:1690 cell migration 1677:1690 In addition, curcumin treatment of monocyte derived cell lines and primary human macrophages in vitro significantly inhibited cell migration. 25369140 3 54 theme oral 639:642 arg1 administration 644:657 oral administration 639:657 oral administration 639:657 We have previously reported a novel formulation of nano-emulsion curcumin (NEC) that achieves significantly greater plasma concentrations in mice after oral administration. 25369140 7 55 theme LPS-induced 1348:1358 arg1 phosphorylation 1360:1374 LPS-induced phosphorylation 1348:1374 LPS-induced phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NFκB and IκBα in murine macrophages 1348:1432 Mechanistically, curcumin blocked LPS-induced phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NFκB and IκBα in murine macrophages. 25369140 5 56 theme NFκB-luciferase 846:860 arg1 gene 871:874 an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene 843:874 an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene 843:874 Using transgenic mice harboring an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene, we demonstrate a novel application of this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging and show that LPS-induced NFκB activity was suppressed with NEC compared to an equivalent amount of curcumin in aqueous suspension. 25369140 5 57 theme model 941:945 arg1 application 900:910 a novel application 892:910 a novel application of this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging 892:1014 Using transgenic mice harboring an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene, we demonstrate a novel application of this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging and show that LPS-induced NFκB activity was suppressed with NEC compared to an equivalent amount of curcumin in aqueous suspension. 25369140 6 58 theme expression 1268:1277 arg1 levels 1239:1244 levels 1239:1244 levels of both TLR4 and RAGE expression 1239:1277 Administration of NEC by oral gavage resulted in a reduction of blood monocytes, decreased levels of both TLR4 and RAGE expression, and inhibited secretion of MCP-1. 25369140 3 59 theme novel 517:521 arg1 formulation 523:533 a novel formulation 515:533 a novel formulation of nano-emulsion curcumin (NEC) that achieves significantly greater plasma concentrations in mice after oral administration 515:657 We have previously reported a novel formulation of nano-emulsion curcumin (NEC) that achieves significantly greater plasma concentrations in mice after oral administration. 25369140 5 60 theme reporter 862:869 arg1 gene 871:874 an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene 843:874 an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene 843:874 Using transgenic mice harboring an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene, we demonstrate a novel application of this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging and show that LPS-induced NFκB activity was suppressed with NEC compared to an equivalent amount of curcumin in aqueous suspension. 25369140 2 61 contain have 333:336 arg2 efficacy 360:367 potential therapeutic efficacy 338:367 potential therapeutic efficacy 338:367 While curcumin does have potential therapeutic efficacy, both solubility and bioavailability must be improved before it can be more successfully translated to clinical care. 25369140 2 61 contain have 333:336 arg1 curcumin 319:326 curcumin 319:326 curcumin 319:326 While curcumin does have potential therapeutic efficacy, both solubility and bioavailability must be improved before it can be more successfully translated to clinical care. 25369140 7 62 theme p65 1383:1385 arg1 subunit 1387:1393 the p65 subunit 1379:1393 the p65 subunit of NFκB and IκBα in murine macrophages 1379:1432 Mechanistically, curcumin blocked LPS-induced phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NFκB and IκBα in murine macrophages. 25369140 5 63 theme equivalent 1095:1104 arg1 curcumin 1116:1123 curcumin 1116:1123 curcumin 1116:1123 Using transgenic mice harboring an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene, we demonstrate a novel application of this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging and show that LPS-induced NFκB activity was suppressed with NEC compared to an equivalent amount of curcumin in aqueous suspension. 25369140 5 63 theme equivalent 1095:1104 arg1 amount 1106:1111 an equivalent amount 1092:1111 an equivalent amount of curcumin in aqueous suspension 1092:1145 Using transgenic mice harboring an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene, we demonstrate a novel application of this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging and show that LPS-induced NFκB activity was suppressed with NEC compared to an equivalent amount of curcumin in aqueous suspension. 25369140 5 64 dep in 920:921 arg1 vivo 923:926 vivo 923:926 vivo 923:926 Using transgenic mice harboring an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene, we demonstrate a novel application of this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging and show that LPS-induced NFκB activity was suppressed with NEC compared to an equivalent amount of curcumin in aqueous suspension. 25369140 1 65 theme widespread 139:148 arg1 use 150:152 the widespread use 135:152 the widespread use of curcumin for centuries in Eastern medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent 135:228 Despite the widespread use of curcumin for centuries in Eastern medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent, its molecular actions and therapeutic viability have only recently been explored. 25369140 3 66 theme plasma 603:608 arg1 concentrations 610:623 significantly greater plasma concentrations 581:623 significantly greater plasma concentrations in mice 581:631 We have previously reported a novel formulation of nano-emulsion curcumin (NEC) that achieves significantly greater plasma concentrations in mice after oral administration. 25369140 10 67 theme curcumin 1919:1926 arg1 bioavailability 1900:1914 the bioavailability 1896:1914 the bioavailability of curcumin 1896:1926 These data demonstrate that curcumin can suppress inflammation by inhibiting macrophage migration via NFκB and MCP-1 inhibition and establish that NEC is an effective therapeutic formulation to increase the bioavailability of curcumin in order to facilitate this response. 25369140 7 68 theme IκBα 1407:1410 arg1 subunit 1387:1393 the p65 subunit 1379:1393 the p65 subunit of NFκB and IκBα in murine macrophages 1379:1432 Mechanistically, curcumin blocked LPS-induced phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NFκB and IκBα in murine macrophages. 25369140 5 69 theme NEC 971:973 arg1 administration 975:988 NEC administration 971:988 NEC administration 971:988 Using transgenic mice harboring an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene, we demonstrate a novel application of this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging and show that LPS-induced NFκB activity was suppressed with NEC compared to an equivalent amount of curcumin in aqueous suspension. 25369140 10 70 theme MCP-1 1804:1808 arg1 inhibition 1810:1819 MCP-1 inhibition 1804:1819 MCP-1 inhibition 1804:1819 These data demonstrate that curcumin can suppress inflammation by inhibiting macrophage migration via NFκB and MCP-1 inhibition and establish that NEC is an effective therapeutic formulation to increase the bioavailability of curcumin in order to facilitate this response. 25369140 1 71 theme molecular 235:243 arg1 actions 245:251 its molecular actions 231:251 its molecular actions 231:251 Despite the widespread use of curcumin for centuries in Eastern medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent, its molecular actions and therapeutic viability have only recently been explored. 25369140 5 72 theme NFκB 1042:1045 arg1 activity 1047:1054 LPS-induced NFκB activity 1030:1054 LPS-induced NFκB activity 1030:1054 Using transgenic mice harboring an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene, we demonstrate a novel application of this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging and show that LPS-induced NFκB activity was suppressed with NEC compared to an equivalent amount of curcumin in aqueous suspension. 25369140 6 73 theme TLR4 1254:1257 arg1 levels 1239:1244 levels 1239:1244 levels of both TLR4 and RAGE expression 1239:1277 Administration of NEC by oral gavage resulted in a reduction of blood monocytes, decreased levels of both TLR4 and RAGE expression, and inhibited secretion of MCP-1. 25369140 2 74 theme therapeutic 348:358 arg1 efficacy 360:367 potential therapeutic efficacy 338:367 potential therapeutic efficacy 338:367 While curcumin does have potential therapeutic efficacy, both solubility and bioavailability must be improved before it can be more successfully translated to clinical care. 25369140 0 75 theme NFκB 86:89 arg1 signaling 91:99 inflammatory-induced NFκB signaling 65:99 inflammatory-induced NFκB signaling 65:99 Oral administration of nano-emulsion curcumin in mice suppresses inflammatory-induced NFκB signaling and macrophage migration. 25369140 5 76 theme curcumin 1116:1123 arg1 curcumin 1116:1123 curcumin 1116:1123 curcumin 1116:1123 Using transgenic mice harboring an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene, we demonstrate a novel application of this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging and show that LPS-induced NFκB activity was suppressed with NEC compared to an equivalent amount of curcumin in aqueous suspension. 25369140 5 76 theme curcumin 1116:1123 arg1 amount 1106:1111 an equivalent amount 1092:1111 an equivalent amount of curcumin in aqueous suspension 1092:1145 Using transgenic mice harboring an NFκB-luciferase reporter gene, we demonstrate a novel application of this in vivo inflammatory model to test the efficacy of NEC administration by bioluminescent imaging and show that LPS-induced NFκB activity was suppressed with NEC compared to an equivalent amount of curcumin in aqueous suspension. 25369140 7 77 theme NFκB 1398:1401 arg1 subunit 1387:1393 the p65 subunit 1379:1393 the p65 subunit of NFκB and IκBα in murine macrophages 1379:1432 Mechanistically, curcumin blocked LPS-induced phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NFκB and IκBα in murine macrophages. 25369140 3 78 theme curcumin 552:559 arg1 formulation 523:533 a novel formulation 515:533 a novel formulation of nano-emulsion curcumin (NEC) that achieves significantly greater plasma concentrations in mice after oral administration 515:657 We have previously reported a novel formulation of nano-emulsion curcumin (NEC) that achieves significantly greater plasma concentrations in mice after oral administration. 25369140 3 79 from concentrations 610:623 arg1 mice 628:631 mice 628:631 mice 628:631 We have previously reported a novel formulation of nano-emulsion curcumin (NEC) that achieves significantly greater plasma concentrations in mice after oral administration. 25369140 0 80 theme inflammatory-induced 65:84 arg1 signaling 91:99 inflammatory-induced NFκB signaling 65:99 inflammatory-induced NFκB signaling 65:99 Oral administration of nano-emulsion curcumin in mice suppresses inflammatory-induced NFκB signaling and macrophage migration. 25369140 7 81 from subunit 1387:1393 arg1 macrophages 1422:1432 murine macrophages 1415:1432 murine macrophages 1415:1432 Mechanistically, curcumin blocked LPS-induced phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NFκB and IκBα in murine macrophages. 25369140 6 82 theme NEC 1166:1168 arg1 Administration 1148:1161 Administration 1148:1161 Administration of NEC by oral gavage 1148:1183 Administration of NEC by oral gavage resulted in a reduction of blood monocytes, decreased levels of both TLR4 and RAGE expression, and inhibited secretion of MCP-1. 25369140 1 83 theme therapeutic 257:267 arg1 viability 269:277 therapeutic viability 257:277 therapeutic viability 257:277 Despite the widespread use of curcumin for centuries in Eastern medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent, its molecular actions and therapeutic viability have only recently been explored. 24751246 10 0 theme molecular 1232:1240 arg1 weight 1242:1247 its molecular weight 1228:1247 its molecular weight 1228:1247 Besides, the LiCl-DMSO soluble XyG differed from the 4M KOH extracted one essentially on the basis of its molecular weight. 24751246 13 1 theme plant 1561:1565 arg1 walls 1572:1576 plant cell walls 1561:1576 plant cell walls 1561:1576 These results open the way for future studies on the complex structure-function relationship of hemicelluloses in plant cell walls. 24751246 4 2 theme LiCl-DMSO 512:520 arg1 extract 530:536 the LiCl-DMSO soluble extract 508:536 the LiCl-DMSO soluble extract 508:536 The weakly bounded hemicelluloses in the LiCl-DMSO soluble extract were fractionated by ion exchange (AEC) and size exclusion (SEC) chromatographies. 24751246 2 3 from function 330:337 arg1 walls 347:351 cell walls 342:351 cell walls 342:351 Their diverse compositions and structures are partially known, in particular with regard to their function in cell walls. 24751246 1 4 theme plant 168:172 arg1 walls 179:183 plant cell walls 168:183 plant cell walls 168:183 Hemicelluloses are key polysaccharides in the regulation of the mechanical properties of plant cell walls during organ development and in fruit texture. 24751246 7 5 theme enzyme 855:860 arg1 digests 862:868 the enzyme digests 851:868 the enzyme digests 851:868 MS as well as HPAEC analyses of the enzyme digests revealed the remarkable diversity of apple hemicelluloses. 24751246 7 6 theme digests 862:868 arg1 analyses 839:846 HPAEC analyses 833:846 MS as well as HPAEC analyses of the enzyme digests 819:868 MS as well as HPAEC analyses of the enzyme digests revealed the remarkable diversity of apple hemicelluloses. 24751246 7 6 theme digests 862:868 arg1 MS 819:820 MS 819:820 MS as well as HPAEC analyses of the enzyme digests 819:868 MS as well as HPAEC analyses of the enzyme digests revealed the remarkable diversity of apple hemicelluloses. 24751246 4 7 theme size 582:585 arg1 SEC 598:600 SEC 598:600 SEC 598:600 The weakly bounded hemicelluloses in the LiCl-DMSO soluble extract were fractionated by ion exchange (AEC) and size exclusion (SEC) chromatographies. 24751246 4 7 theme size 582:585 arg1 exclusion 587:595 size exclusion 582:595 size exclusion (SEC) chromatographies 582:618 The weakly bounded hemicelluloses in the LiCl-DMSO soluble extract were fractionated by ion exchange (AEC) and size exclusion (SEC) chromatographies. 24751246 4 8 from hemicelluloses 490:503 arg1 extract 530:536 the LiCl-DMSO soluble extract 508:536 the LiCl-DMSO soluble extract 508:536 The weakly bounded hemicelluloses in the LiCl-DMSO soluble extract were fractionated by ion exchange (AEC) and size exclusion (SEC) chromatographies. 24751246 9 9 theme LiCl-DMSO 1074:1082 arg1 fractions 1092:1100 All LiCl-DMSO soluble fractions 1070:1100 All LiCl-DMSO soluble fractions 1070:1100 All LiCl-DMSO soluble fractions were acetyl-esterified. 24751246 12 10 theme rich 1432:1435 arg1 fraction 1437:1444 the glucose rich fraction 1420:1444 the glucose rich fraction 1420:1444 Moreover, galactose ramifications occurred on mannose blocks in the glucose rich fraction. 24751246 12 11 theme glucose 1424:1430 arg1 fraction 1437:1444 the glucose rich fraction 1420:1444 the glucose rich fraction 1420:1444 Moreover, galactose ramifications occurred on mannose blocks in the glucose rich fraction. 24751246 9 12 theme soluble 1084:1090 arg1 fractions 1092:1100 All LiCl-DMSO soluble fractions 1070:1100 All LiCl-DMSO soluble fractions 1070:1100 All LiCl-DMSO soluble fractions were acetyl-esterified. 24751246 1 13 theme cell 174:177 arg1 walls 179:183 plant cell walls 168:183 plant cell walls 168:183 Hemicelluloses are key polysaccharides in the regulation of the mechanical properties of plant cell walls during organ development and in fruit texture. 24751246 4 14 theme bounded 482:488 arg1 hemicelluloses 490:503 The weakly bounded hemicelluloses 471:503 The weakly bounded hemicelluloses in the LiCl-DMSO soluble extract 471:536 The weakly bounded hemicelluloses in the LiCl-DMSO soluble extract were fractionated by ion exchange (AEC) and size exclusion (SEC) chromatographies. 24751246 8 15 theme fractionation 1047:1059 arg1 process 1061:1067 the extraction and fractionation process 1028:1067 the extraction and fractionation process 1028:1067 Different xyloglucan (XyG), galactoglucomannan (GgM) and glucuronoarabinoxylan were isolated along the extraction and fractionation process. 24751246 7 16 theme HPAEC 833:837 arg1 analyses 839:846 HPAEC analyses 833:846 MS as well as HPAEC analyses of the enzyme digests 819:868 MS as well as HPAEC analyses of the enzyme digests revealed the remarkable diversity of apple hemicelluloses. 24751246 1 17 theme walls 179:183 arg1 properties 154:163 the mechanical properties 139:163 the mechanical properties of plant cell walls 139:183 Hemicelluloses are key polysaccharides in the regulation of the mechanical properties of plant cell walls during organ development and in fruit texture. 24751246 3 18 theme apple 367:371 arg1 hemicelluloses 373:386 apple hemicelluloses 367:386 apple hemicelluloses 367:386 To that end, apple hemicelluloses were sequentially extracted by DMSO doped by LiCl followed by potassium hydroxide. 24751246 0 19 from structures 23:32 arg1 LiCl-DMSO 37:45 LiCl-DMSO 37:45 LiCl-DMSO 37:45 Novel and diverse fine structures in LiCl-DMSO extracted apple hemicelluloses. 24751246 8 20 theme extraction 1032:1041 arg1 process 1061:1067 the extraction and fractionation process 1028:1067 the extraction and fractionation process 1028:1067 Different xyloglucan (XyG), galactoglucomannan (GgM) and glucuronoarabinoxylan were isolated along the extraction and fractionation process. 24751246 6 21 theme fraction 784:791 arg1 weight 770:775 Molecular weight 760:775 Molecular weight of the fraction 760:791 Molecular weight of the fraction was established by HPSEC. 24751246 12 22 from blocks 1410:1415 arg1 fraction 1437:1444 the glucose rich fraction 1420:1444 the glucose rich fraction 1420:1444 Moreover, galactose ramifications occurred on mannose blocks in the glucose rich fraction. 24751246 13 23 theme structure-function 1508:1525 arg1 relationship 1527:1538 the complex structure-function relationship 1496:1538 the complex structure-function relationship of hemicelluloses in plant cell walls 1496:1576 These results open the way for future studies on the complex structure-function relationship of hemicelluloses in plant cell walls. 24751246 0 24 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 structures 23:32 Novel and diverse fine structures 0:32 Novel and diverse fine structures in LiCl-DMSO 0:45 Novel and diverse fine structures in LiCl-DMSO extracted apple hemicelluloses. 24751246 4 25 theme ion 559:561 arg1 AEC 573:575 AEC 573:575 AEC 573:575 The weakly bounded hemicelluloses in the LiCl-DMSO soluble extract were fractionated by ion exchange (AEC) and size exclusion (SEC) chromatographies. 24751246 4 25 theme ion 559:561 arg1 exchange 563:570 ion exchange 559:570 ion exchange (AEC) 559:576 The weakly bounded hemicelluloses in the LiCl-DMSO soluble extract were fractionated by ion exchange (AEC) and size exclusion (SEC) chromatographies. 24751246 7 26 theme hemicelluloses 913:926 arg1 diversity 894:902 the remarkable diversity 879:902 the remarkable diversity of apple hemicelluloses 879:926 MS as well as HPAEC analyses of the enzyme digests revealed the remarkable diversity of apple hemicelluloses. 24751246 1 27 theme key 98:100 arg1 Hemicelluloses 79:92 Hemicelluloses 79:92 Hemicelluloses 79:92 Hemicelluloses are key polysaccharides in the regulation of the mechanical properties of plant cell walls during organ development and in fruit texture. 24751246 1 27 theme key 98:100 arg1 polysaccharides 102:116 key polysaccharides 98:116 key polysaccharides in the regulation of the mechanical properties of plant cell walls during organ development and in fruit texture 98:229 Hemicelluloses are key polysaccharides in the regulation of the mechanical properties of plant cell walls during organ development and in fruit texture. 24751246 1 28 theme organ 192:196 arg1 development 198:208 organ development 192:208 organ development 192:208 Hemicelluloses are key polysaccharides in the regulation of the mechanical properties of plant cell walls during organ development and in fruit texture. 24751246 0 29 theme fine 18:21 arg1 structures 23:32 Novel and diverse fine structures 0:32 Novel and diverse fine structures in LiCl-DMSO 0:45 Novel and diverse fine structures in LiCl-DMSO extracted apple hemicelluloses. 24751246 10 30 theme soluble 1149:1155 arg1 XyG 1157:1159 the LiCl-DMSO soluble XyG 1135:1159 the LiCl-DMSO soluble XyG 1135:1159 Besides, the LiCl-DMSO soluble XyG differed from the 4M KOH extracted one essentially on the basis of its molecular weight. 24751246 1 31 from regulation 125:134 arg1 texture 223:229 fruit texture 217:229 fruit texture 217:229 Hemicelluloses are key polysaccharides in the regulation of the mechanical properties of plant cell walls during organ development and in fruit texture. 24751246 12 32 theme mannose 1402:1408 arg1 blocks 1410:1415 mannose blocks 1402:1415 mannose blocks in the glucose rich fraction 1402:1444 Moreover, galactose ramifications occurred on mannose blocks in the glucose rich fraction. 24751246 13 33 theme cell 1567:1570 arg1 walls 1572:1576 plant cell walls 1561:1576 plant cell walls 1561:1576 These results open the way for future studies on the complex structure-function relationship of hemicelluloses in plant cell walls. 24751246 3 34 theme potassium 450:458 arg1 hydroxide 460:468 potassium hydroxide 450:468 potassium hydroxide 450:468 To that end, apple hemicelluloses were sequentially extracted by DMSO doped by LiCl followed by potassium hydroxide. 24751246 0 35 theme diverse 10:16 arg1 structures 23:32 Novel and diverse fine structures 0:32 Novel and diverse fine structures in LiCl-DMSO 0:45 Novel and diverse fine structures in LiCl-DMSO extracted apple hemicelluloses. 24751246 10 36 theme LiCl-DMSO 1139:1147 arg1 XyG 1157:1159 the LiCl-DMSO soluble XyG 1135:1159 the LiCl-DMSO soluble XyG 1135:1159 Besides, the LiCl-DMSO soluble XyG differed from the 4M KOH extracted one essentially on the basis of its molecular weight. 24751246 5 37 theme enzymatic 688:696 arg1 fingerprinting 698:711 enzymatic fingerprinting 688:711 enzymatic fingerprinting using β-glucanase, β-mannanase and β-xylanase 688:757 The structure of all the extracts and fractions was established by enzymatic fingerprinting using β-glucanase, β-mannanase and β-xylanase. 24751246 13 38 theme future 1478:1483 arg1 studies 1485:1491 future studies 1478:1491 future studies on the complex structure-function relationship of hemicelluloses in plant cell walls 1478:1576 These results open the way for future studies on the complex structure-function relationship of hemicelluloses in plant cell walls. 24751246 2 39 theme diverse 238:244 arg1 compositions 246:257 Their diverse compositions 232:257 Their diverse compositions 232:257 Their diverse compositions and structures are partially known, in particular with regard to their function in cell walls. 24751246 10 40 theme 4M 1179:1180 arg1 KOH 1182:1184 the 4M KOH 1175:1184 the 4M KOH extracted one essentially on the basis of its molecular weight 1175:1247 Besides, the LiCl-DMSO soluble XyG differed from the 4M KOH extracted one essentially on the basis of its molecular weight. 24751246 3 41 dep doped 424:428 arg1 DMSO 419:422 DMSO 419:422 DMSO doped by LiCl followed by potassium hydroxide 419:468 To that end, apple hemicelluloses were sequentially extracted by DMSO doped by LiCl followed by potassium hydroxide. 24751246 3 41 dep doped 424:428 arg1 followed 438:445 followed 438:445 followed by potassium hydroxide 438:468 To that end, apple hemicelluloses were sequentially extracted by DMSO doped by LiCl followed by potassium hydroxide. 24751246 13 42 from studies 1485:1491 arg1 relationship 1527:1538 the complex structure-function relationship 1496:1538 the complex structure-function relationship of hemicelluloses in plant cell walls 1496:1576 These results open the way for future studies on the complex structure-function relationship of hemicelluloses in plant cell walls. 24751246 1 43 theme fruit 217:221 arg1 texture 223:229 fruit texture 217:229 fruit texture 217:229 Hemicelluloses are key polysaccharides in the regulation of the mechanical properties of plant cell walls during organ development and in fruit texture. 24751246 4 44 theme soluble 522:528 arg1 extract 530:536 the LiCl-DMSO soluble extract 508:536 the LiCl-DMSO soluble extract 508:536 The weakly bounded hemicelluloses in the LiCl-DMSO soluble extract were fractionated by ion exchange (AEC) and size exclusion (SEC) chromatographies. 24751246 12 45 theme galactose 1366:1374 arg1 ramifications 1376:1388 galactose ramifications 1366:1388 galactose ramifications 1366:1388 Moreover, galactose ramifications occurred on mannose blocks in the glucose rich fraction. 24751246 6 46 theme Molecular 760:768 arg1 weight 770:775 Molecular weight 760:775 Molecular weight of the fraction 760:791 Molecular weight of the fraction was established by HPSEC. 24751246 2 47 theme cell 342:345 arg1 walls 347:351 cell walls 342:351 cell walls 342:351 Their diverse compositions and structures are partially known, in particular with regard to their function in cell walls. 24751246 5 48 theme fractions 659:667 arg1 structure 625:633 The structure 621:633 The structure of all the extracts and fractions 621:667 The structure of all the extracts and fractions was established by enzymatic fingerprinting using β-glucanase, β-mannanase and β-xylanase. 24751246 11 49 theme glucose 1322:1328 arg1 distribution 1306:1317 distribution 1306:1317 distribution 1306:1317 At least two populations differing in their content and distribution of glucose and mannose composed GgM. 24751246 11 49 theme glucose 1322:1328 arg1 content 1294:1300 content 1294:1300 content 1294:1300 At least two populations differing in their content and distribution of glucose and mannose composed GgM. 24751246 1 50 from polysaccharides 102:116 arg1 regulation 125:134 the regulation 121:134 the regulation of the mechanical properties of plant cell walls during organ development and in fruit texture 121:229 Hemicelluloses are key polysaccharides in the regulation of the mechanical properties of plant cell walls during organ development and in fruit texture. 24751246 10 51 dep weight 1242:1247 arg1 the 1215:1217 the 1215:1217 the 1215:1217 Besides, the LiCl-DMSO soluble XyG differed from the 4M KOH extracted one essentially on the basis of its molecular weight. 24751246 10 51 dep weight 1242:1247 arg1 basis 1219:1223 basis 1219:1223 basis 1219:1223 Besides, the LiCl-DMSO soluble XyG differed from the 4M KOH extracted one essentially on the basis of its molecular weight. 24751246 8 52 theme Different 929:937 arg1 XyG 951:953 XyG 951:953 XyG 951:953 Different xyloglucan (XyG), galactoglucomannan (GgM) and glucuronoarabinoxylan were isolated along the extraction and fractionation process. 24751246 8 52 theme Different 929:937 arg1 xyloglucan 939:948 Different xyloglucan 929:948 Different xyloglucan (XyG) 929:954 Different xyloglucan (XyG), galactoglucomannan (GgM) and glucuronoarabinoxylan were isolated along the extraction and fractionation process. 24751246 7 53 theme apple 907:911 arg1 hemicelluloses 913:926 apple hemicelluloses 907:926 apple hemicelluloses 907:926 MS as well as HPAEC analyses of the enzyme digests revealed the remarkable diversity of apple hemicelluloses. 24751246 13 54 theme hemicelluloses 1543:1556 arg1 relationship 1527:1538 the complex structure-function relationship 1496:1538 the complex structure-function relationship of hemicelluloses in plant cell walls 1496:1576 These results open the way for future studies on the complex structure-function relationship of hemicelluloses in plant cell walls. 24751246 7 55 theme remarkable 883:892 arg1 diversity 894:902 the remarkable diversity 879:902 the remarkable diversity of apple hemicelluloses 879:926 MS as well as HPAEC analyses of the enzyme digests revealed the remarkable diversity of apple hemicelluloses. 24751246 4 56 theme exclusion 587:595 arg1 chromatographies 603:618 size exclusion (SEC) chromatographies 582:618 size exclusion (SEC) chromatographies 582:618 The weakly bounded hemicelluloses in the LiCl-DMSO soluble extract were fractionated by ion exchange (AEC) and size exclusion (SEC) chromatographies. 24751246 10 57 dep one 1196:1198 arg1 weight 1242:1247 its molecular weight 1228:1247 its molecular weight 1228:1247 Besides, the LiCl-DMSO soluble XyG differed from the 4M KOH extracted one essentially on the basis of its molecular weight. 24751246 13 58 from relationship 1527:1538 arg1 walls 1572:1576 plant cell walls 1561:1576 plant cell walls 1561:1576 These results open the way for future studies on the complex structure-function relationship of hemicelluloses in plant cell walls. 24751246 1 59 theme mechanical 143:152 arg1 properties 154:163 the mechanical properties 139:163 the mechanical properties of plant cell walls 139:183 Hemicelluloses are key polysaccharides in the regulation of the mechanical properties of plant cell walls during organ development and in fruit texture. 24751246 13 60 theme complex 1500:1506 arg1 relationship 1527:1538 the complex structure-function relationship 1496:1538 the complex structure-function relationship of hemicelluloses in plant cell walls 1496:1576 These results open the way for future studies on the complex structure-function relationship of hemicelluloses in plant cell walls. 24751246 5 61 theme extracts 646:653 arg1 structure 625:633 The structure 621:633 The structure of all the extracts and fractions 621:667 The structure of all the extracts and fractions was established by enzymatic fingerprinting using β-glucanase, β-mannanase and β-xylanase. 24751246 0 62 theme apple 57:61 arg1 hemicelluloses 63:76 apple hemicelluloses 57:76 apple hemicelluloses 57:76 Novel and diverse fine structures in LiCl-DMSO extracted apple hemicelluloses. 24751246 11 63 theme mannose 1334:1340 arg1 distribution 1306:1317 distribution 1306:1317 distribution 1306:1317 At least two populations differing in their content and distribution of glucose and mannose composed GgM. 24751246 11 63 theme mannose 1334:1340 arg1 content 1294:1300 content 1294:1300 content 1294:1300 At least two populations differing in their content and distribution of glucose and mannose composed GgM. 24751246 1 64 theme properties 154:163 arg1 regulation 125:134 the regulation 121:134 the regulation of the mechanical properties of plant cell walls during organ development and in fruit texture 121:229 Hemicelluloses are key polysaccharides in the regulation of the mechanical properties of plant cell walls during organ development and in fruit texture. 28675051 0 0 theme extracellular 56:68 arg1 substances 80:89 extracellular polymeric substances 56:89 extracellular polymeric substances determined through membrane autopsy 56:125 Impact of sludge retention time on MBR fouling: role of extracellular polymeric substances determined through membrane autopsy. 28675051 6 1 theme overall 894:900 arg1 content 917:923 the overall polysaccharide content 890:923 the overall polysaccharide content 890:923 With the decrease in SRT (and filterability decrease), the overall polysaccharide content and sugar variety increased. 28675051 5 2 from fibers 765:770 arg1 substantial 741:751 substantial 741:751 substantial 741:751 The gel layer was more substantial in internal fibers, with polysaccharides being the major component in this layer. 28675051 5 2 from fibers 765:770 arg1 layer 726:730 The gel layer 718:730 The gel layer 718:730 The gel layer was more substantial in internal fibers, with polysaccharides being the major component in this layer. 28675051 1 3 theme sludge 142:147 arg1 SRT 165:167 SRT 165:167 SRT 165:167 The impact of sludge retention time (SRT) on the biofouling of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was investigated. 28675051 1 3 theme sludge 142:147 arg1 time 159:162 sludge retention time 142:162 sludge retention time (SRT) 142:168 The impact of sludge retention time (SRT) on the biofouling of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was investigated. 28675051 1 4 theme retention 149:157 arg1 SRT 165:167 SRT 165:167 SRT 165:167 The impact of sludge retention time (SRT) on the biofouling of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was investigated. 28675051 1 4 theme retention 149:157 arg1 time 159:162 sludge retention time 142:162 sludge retention time (SRT) 142:168 The impact of sludge retention time (SRT) on the biofouling of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was investigated. 28675051 0 5 theme substances 80:89 arg1 role 48:51 role 48:51 Impact of sludge retention time on MBR fouling: role of extracellular polymeric substances determined through membrane autopsy. 0:126 Impact of sludge retention time on MBR fouling: role of extracellular polymeric substances determined through membrane autopsy. 28675051 0 6 from Impact 0:5 arg1 fouling 39:45 MBR fouling 35:45 MBR fouling 35:45 Impact of sludge retention time on MBR fouling: role of extracellular polymeric substances determined through membrane autopsy. 28675051 3 7 theme EPS 457:459 arg1 proteins 461:468 EPS proteins 457:468 EPS proteins 457:468 The gel layer (recovered through optimized membrane autopsy methods) and the cake layer were analyzed for their content and profile of EPS proteins and polysaccharides. 28675051 4 8 theme shorter 507:513 arg1 SRT 515:517 a shorter SRT 505:517 a shorter SRT 505:517 The change to a shorter SRT led to decreased membrane filterability, concomitant with a higher expression of EPS proteins in the cake layer, which were identified as being mainly related with biosynthesis and stress functions. 28675051 0 9 theme polymeric 70:78 arg1 substances 80:89 extracellular polymeric substances 56:89 extracellular polymeric substances determined through membrane autopsy 56:125 Impact of sludge retention time on MBR fouling: role of extracellular polymeric substances determined through membrane autopsy. 28675051 6 10 theme filterability 865:877 arg1 SRT 856:858 SRT 856:858 SRT (and filterability decrease) 856:887 With the decrease in SRT (and filterability decrease), the overall polysaccharide content and sugar variety increased. 28675051 6 10 theme filterability 865:877 arg1 decrease 879:886 filterability decrease 865:886 filterability decrease 865:886 With the decrease in SRT (and filterability decrease), the overall polysaccharide content and sugar variety increased. 28675051 1 11 from impact 132:137 arg1 biofouling 177:186 the biofouling 173:186 the biofouling of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 173:261 The impact of sludge retention time (SRT) on the biofouling of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was investigated. 28675051 3 12 theme proteins 461:468 arg1 profile 446:452 profile 446:452 profile 446:452 The gel layer (recovered through optimized membrane autopsy methods) and the cake layer were analyzed for their content and profile of EPS proteins and polysaccharides. 28675051 3 12 theme proteins 461:468 arg1 content 434:440 their content 428:440 their content 428:440 The gel layer (recovered through optimized membrane autopsy methods) and the cake layer were analyzed for their content and profile of EPS proteins and polysaccharides. 28675051 4 13 from expression 586:595 arg1 layer 625:629 the cake layer 616:629 the cake layer 616:629 The change to a shorter SRT led to decreased membrane filterability, concomitant with a higher expression of EPS proteins in the cake layer, which were identified as being mainly related with biosynthesis and stress functions. 28675051 1 14 theme extracellular 222:234 arg1 EPS 258:260 EPS 258:260 EPS 258:260 The impact of sludge retention time (SRT) on the biofouling of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was investigated. 28675051 1 14 theme extracellular 222:234 arg1 substances 246:255 extracellular polymeric substances 222:255 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 222:261 The impact of sludge retention time (SRT) on the biofouling of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was investigated. 28675051 4 15 theme proteins 604:611 arg1 expression 586:595 a higher expression 577:595 a higher expression of EPS proteins in the cake layer, which were identified as being mainly related with biosynthesis and stress functions 577:715 The change to a shorter SRT led to decreased membrane filterability, concomitant with a higher expression of EPS proteins in the cake layer, which were identified as being mainly related with biosynthesis and stress functions. 28675051 1 16 theme time 159:162 arg1 impact 132:137 The impact 128:137 The impact of sludge retention time (SRT) on the biofouling of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 128:261 The impact of sludge retention time (SRT) on the biofouling of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was investigated. 28675051 5 17 from component 810:818 arg1 layer 828:832 this layer 823:832 this layer 823:832 The gel layer was more substantial in internal fibers, with polysaccharides being the major component in this layer. 28675051 5 18 theme major 804:808 arg1 polysaccharides 778:792 polysaccharides 778:792 polysaccharides 778:792 The gel layer was more substantial in internal fibers, with polysaccharides being the major component in this layer. 28675051 5 18 theme major 804:808 arg1 component 810:818 the major component 800:818 the major component in this layer 800:832 The gel layer was more substantial in internal fibers, with polysaccharides being the major component in this layer. 28675051 6 19 theme polysaccharide 902:915 arg1 content 917:923 the overall polysaccharide content 890:923 the overall polysaccharide content 890:923 With the decrease in SRT (and filterability decrease), the overall polysaccharide content and sugar variety increased. 28675051 3 20 theme autopsy 374:380 arg1 methods 382:388 optimized membrane autopsy methods 355:388 optimized membrane autopsy methods 355:388 The gel layer (recovered through optimized membrane autopsy methods) and the cake layer were analyzed for their content and profile of EPS proteins and polysaccharides. 28675051 1 21 theme polymeric 236:244 arg1 EPS 258:260 EPS 258:260 EPS 258:260 The impact of sludge retention time (SRT) on the biofouling of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was investigated. 28675051 1 21 theme polymeric 236:244 arg1 substances 246:255 extracellular polymeric substances 222:255 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 222:261 The impact of sludge retention time (SRT) on the biofouling of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was investigated. 28675051 5 22 theme internal 756:763 arg1 fibers 765:770 internal fibers 756:770 internal fibers 756:770 The gel layer was more substantial in internal fibers, with polysaccharides being the major component in this layer. 28675051 2 23 theme d 315:315 arg1 SRT 317:319 60 and 20 d SRT 305:319 60 and 20 d SRT 305:319 The MBR was operated at 60 and 20 d SRT. 28675051 0 24 theme retention 17:25 arg1 time 27:30 sludge retention time 10:30 sludge retention time 10:30 Impact of sludge retention time on MBR fouling: role of extracellular polymeric substances determined through membrane autopsy. 28675051 4 25 with related 670:676 arg1 biosynthesis 683:694 biosynthesis 683:694 biosynthesis 683:694 The change to a shorter SRT led to decreased membrane filterability, concomitant with a higher expression of EPS proteins in the cake layer, which were identified as being mainly related with biosynthesis and stress functions. 28675051 4 25 with related 670:676 arg1 functions 707:715 stress functions 700:715 stress functions 700:715 The change to a shorter SRT led to decreased membrane filterability, concomitant with a higher expression of EPS proteins in the cake layer, which were identified as being mainly related with biosynthesis and stress functions. 28675051 0 26 theme sludge 10:15 arg1 time 27:30 sludge retention time 10:30 sludge retention time 10:30 Impact of sludge retention time on MBR fouling: role of extracellular polymeric substances determined through membrane autopsy. 28675051 0 27 theme membrane 110:117 arg1 autopsy 119:125 membrane autopsy 110:125 membrane autopsy 110:125 Impact of sludge retention time on MBR fouling: role of extracellular polymeric substances determined through membrane autopsy. 28675051 3 28 theme polysaccharides 474:488 arg1 profile 446:452 profile 446:452 profile 446:452 The gel layer (recovered through optimized membrane autopsy methods) and the cake layer were analyzed for their content and profile of EPS proteins and polysaccharides. 28675051 3 28 theme polysaccharides 474:488 arg1 content 434:440 their content 428:440 their content 428:440 The gel layer (recovered through optimized membrane autopsy methods) and the cake layer were analyzed for their content and profile of EPS proteins and polysaccharides. 28675051 4 29 theme membrane 536:543 arg1 filterability 545:557 decreased membrane filterability 526:557 decreased membrane filterability 526:557 The change to a shorter SRT led to decreased membrane filterability, concomitant with a higher expression of EPS proteins in the cake layer, which were identified as being mainly related with biosynthesis and stress functions. 28675051 3 30 theme optimized 355:363 arg1 methods 382:388 optimized membrane autopsy methods 355:388 optimized membrane autopsy methods 355:388 The gel layer (recovered through optimized membrane autopsy methods) and the cake layer were analyzed for their content and profile of EPS proteins and polysaccharides. 28675051 6 31 theme sugar 929:933 arg1 variety 935:941 sugar variety 929:941 sugar variety 929:941 With the decrease in SRT (and filterability decrease), the overall polysaccharide content and sugar variety increased. 28675051 3 32 theme membrane 365:372 arg1 methods 382:388 optimized membrane autopsy methods 355:388 optimized membrane autopsy methods 355:388 The gel layer (recovered through optimized membrane autopsy methods) and the cake layer were analyzed for their content and profile of EPS proteins and polysaccharides. 28675051 0 33 theme time 27:30 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of sludge retention time on MBR fouling: role of extracellular polymeric substances determined through membrane autopsy. 0:126 Impact of sludge retention time on MBR fouling: role of extracellular polymeric substances determined through membrane autopsy. 28675051 4 34 theme decreased 526:534 arg1 filterability 545:557 decreased membrane filterability 526:557 decreased membrane filterability 526:557 The change to a shorter SRT led to decreased membrane filterability, concomitant with a higher expression of EPS proteins in the cake layer, which were identified as being mainly related with biosynthesis and stress functions. 28675051 5 35 from substantial 741:751 arg1 fibers 765:770 internal fibers 756:770 internal fibers 756:770 The gel layer was more substantial in internal fibers, with polysaccharides being the major component in this layer. 28675051 5 36 theme gel 722:724 arg1 substantial 741:751 substantial 741:751 substantial 741:751 The gel layer was more substantial in internal fibers, with polysaccharides being the major component in this layer. 28675051 5 36 theme gel 722:724 arg1 layer 726:730 The gel layer 718:730 The gel layer 718:730 The gel layer was more substantial in internal fibers, with polysaccharides being the major component in this layer. 28675051 3 37 theme gel 326:328 arg1 layer 330:334 The gel layer 322:334 The gel layer (recovered through optimized membrane autopsy methods) 322:389 The gel layer (recovered through optimized membrane autopsy methods) and the cake layer were analyzed for their content and profile of EPS proteins and polysaccharides. 28675051 4 38 theme cake 620:623 arg1 layer 625:629 the cake layer 616:629 the cake layer 616:629 The change to a shorter SRT led to decreased membrane filterability, concomitant with a higher expression of EPS proteins in the cake layer, which were identified as being mainly related with biosynthesis and stress functions. 28675051 0 39 theme MBR 35:37 arg1 fouling 39:45 MBR fouling 35:45 MBR fouling 35:45 Impact of sludge retention time on MBR fouling: role of extracellular polymeric substances determined through membrane autopsy. 28675051 4 40 with concomitant 560:570 arg1 expression 586:595 a higher expression 577:595 a higher expression of EPS proteins in the cake layer, which were identified as being mainly related with biosynthesis and stress functions 577:715 The change to a shorter SRT led to decreased membrane filterability, concomitant with a higher expression of EPS proteins in the cake layer, which were identified as being mainly related with biosynthesis and stress functions. 28675051 4 41 theme higher 579:584 arg1 expression 586:595 a higher expression 577:595 a higher expression of EPS proteins in the cake layer, which were identified as being mainly related with biosynthesis and stress functions 577:715 The change to a shorter SRT led to decreased membrane filterability, concomitant with a higher expression of EPS proteins in the cake layer, which were identified as being mainly related with biosynthesis and stress functions. 28675051 4 42 theme stress 700:705 arg1 functions 707:715 stress functions 700:715 stress functions 700:715 The change to a shorter SRT led to decreased membrane filterability, concomitant with a higher expression of EPS proteins in the cake layer, which were identified as being mainly related with biosynthesis and stress functions. 28675051 6 43 from decrease 844:851 arg1 SRT 856:858 SRT 856:858 SRT (and filterability decrease) 856:887 With the decrease in SRT (and filterability decrease), the overall polysaccharide content and sugar variety increased. 28675051 6 43 from decrease 844:851 arg1 decrease 879:886 filterability decrease 865:886 filterability decrease 865:886 With the decrease in SRT (and filterability decrease), the overall polysaccharide content and sugar variety increased. 28675051 7 44 from important 1076:1084 arg1 biofouling 1089:1098 biofouling 1089:1098 biofouling 1089:1098 In conclusion, SRT impacted not only on the quantity but also the composition of EPS molecules, and both were shown to be important in biofouling. 28675051 3 45 theme cake 399:402 arg1 layer 404:408 the cake layer 395:408 the cake layer 395:408 The gel layer (recovered through optimized membrane autopsy methods) and the cake layer were analyzed for their content and profile of EPS proteins and polysaccharides. 28675051 7 46 theme EPS 1035:1037 arg1 molecules 1039:1047 EPS molecules 1035:1047 EPS molecules 1035:1047 In conclusion, SRT impacted not only on the quantity but also the composition of EPS molecules, and both were shown to be important in biofouling. 28675051 1 47 theme membrane 193:200 arg1 bioreactor 202:211 a membrane bioreactor 191:211 a membrane bioreactor (MBR) 191:217 The impact of sludge retention time (SRT) on the biofouling of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was investigated. 28675051 1 47 theme membrane 193:200 arg1 MBR 214:216 MBR 214:216 MBR 214:216 The impact of sludge retention time (SRT) on the biofouling of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was investigated. 28675051 7 48 from biofouling 1089:1098 arg1 important 1076:1084 important 1076:1084 important 1076:1084 In conclusion, SRT impacted not only on the quantity but also the composition of EPS molecules, and both were shown to be important in biofouling. 28675051 4 49 theme EPS 600:602 arg1 proteins 604:611 EPS proteins 600:611 EPS proteins 600:611 The change to a shorter SRT led to decreased membrane filterability, concomitant with a higher expression of EPS proteins in the cake layer, which were identified as being mainly related with biosynthesis and stress functions. 28675051 1 50 theme bioreactor 202:211 arg1 biofouling 177:186 the biofouling 173:186 the biofouling of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 173:261 The impact of sludge retention time (SRT) on the biofouling of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was investigated. 28675051 0 51 dep Impact 0:5 arg1 role 48:51 role 48:51 Impact of sludge retention time on MBR fouling: role of extracellular polymeric substances determined through membrane autopsy. 0:126 Impact of sludge retention time on MBR fouling: role of extracellular polymeric substances determined through membrane autopsy. 28675051 7 52 theme molecules 1039:1047 arg1 composition 1020:1030 the composition 1016:1030 the composition of EPS molecules 1016:1047 In conclusion, SRT impacted not only on the quantity but also the composition of EPS molecules, and both were shown to be important in biofouling. 28675051 7 52 theme molecules 1039:1047 arg1 quantity 998:1005 the quantity 994:1005 the quantity 994:1005 In conclusion, SRT impacted not only on the quantity but also the composition of EPS molecules, and both were shown to be important in biofouling. 27597841 0 0 theme Cyanobacteria 84:96 arg1 Substances 66:75 Extracellular Polymeric Substances 42:75 Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Two Cyanobacteria from Contrasting Habitats 42:122 Different Resistance to UV-B Radiation of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Two Cyanobacteria from Contrasting Habitats. 27597841 4 1 dep Synechocystis 545:557 arg1 sp. 559:561 sp. 559:561 sp. 559:561 The desert cyanobacterium species C. minutus showed higher tolerance of PSII activity (Fv/Fm) to UVBR than the aquatic Synechocystis sp., and the inhibited PSII activity of C. minutus could be fully recovered while that of Synechocystis sp. 27597841 6 2 dep yield 729:733 arg1 the 725:727 the 725:727 the 725:727 UVBR had significant effect on the yield and biochemical composition of EPS of both species. 27597841 4 3 theme inhibited 572:580 arg1 activity 587:594 the inhibited PSII activity 568:594 the inhibited PSII activity of C. minutus 568:608 The desert cyanobacterium species C. minutus showed higher tolerance of PSII activity (Fv/Fm) to UVBR than the aquatic Synechocystis sp., and the inhibited PSII activity of C. minutus could be fully recovered while that of Synechocystis sp. 27597841 4 4 dep species 452:458 arg1 minutus 463:469 C. minutus 460:469 The desert cyanobacterium species C. minutus 426:469 The desert cyanobacterium species C. minutus showed higher tolerance of PSII activity (Fv/Fm) to UVBR than the aquatic Synechocystis sp., and the inhibited PSII activity of C. minutus could be fully recovered while that of Synechocystis sp. 27597841 7 5 theme fluorescent 909:919 arg1 compounds 921:929 protein-like and phenol-like fluorescent compounds 880:929 protein-like and phenol-like fluorescent compounds 880:929 Protein-like and humic acid-like substances were detected in EPS from Synechocystis sp., and protein-like and phenol-like fluorescent compounds were detected in EPS from C. minutus. 27597841 7 6 from minutus 960:966 arg1 EPS 948:950 EPS 948:950 EPS from C. minutus 948:966 Protein-like and humic acid-like substances were detected in EPS from Synechocystis sp., and protein-like and phenol-like fluorescent compounds were detected in EPS from C. minutus. 27597841 0 7 theme Contrasting 103:113 arg1 Habitats 115:122 Contrasting Habitats 103:122 Contrasting Habitats 103:122 Different Resistance to UV-B Radiation of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Two Cyanobacteria from Contrasting Habitats. 27597841 12 8 theme higher 1378:1383 arg1 resistance 1385:1394 the higher resistance 1374:1394 the higher resistance of its EPS to photodegradation induced by UVBR in comparison with the aquatic species 1374:1480 The higher tolerance to UVBR of the desert cyanobacterium can be attributed to the higher resistance of its EPS to photodegradation induced by UVBR in comparison with the aquatic species. 27597841 6 9 theme significant 703:713 arg1 effect 715:720 significant effect 703:720 significant effect 703:720 UVBR had significant effect on the yield and biochemical composition of EPS of both species. 27597841 12 10 theme EPS 1403:1405 arg1 resistance 1385:1394 the higher resistance 1374:1394 the higher resistance of its EPS to photodegradation induced by UVBR in comparison with the aquatic species 1374:1480 The higher tolerance to UVBR of the desert cyanobacterium can be attributed to the higher resistance of its EPS to photodegradation induced by UVBR in comparison with the aquatic species. 27597841 6 11 contain had 699:701 arg1 UVBR 694:697 UVBR 694:697 UVBR 694:697 UVBR had significant effect on the yield and biochemical composition of EPS of both species. 27597841 6 11 contain had 699:701 arg2 effect 715:720 significant effect 703:720 significant effect 703:720 UVBR had significant effect on the yield and biochemical composition of EPS of both species. 27597841 7 12 from sp. 871:873 arg1 EPS 848:850 EPS 848:850 EPS from Synechocystis sp. 848:873 Protein-like and humic acid-like substances were detected in EPS from Synechocystis sp., and protein-like and phenol-like fluorescent compounds were detected in EPS from C. minutus. 27597841 1 13 theme UV-B 140:143 arg1 UVBR 156:159 UVBR 156:159 UVBR 156:159 The effects of UV-B radiation (UVBR) on photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) of aquatic Synechocystis sp. 27597841 1 13 theme UV-B 140:143 arg1 radiation 145:153 UV-B radiation 140:153 UV-B radiation (UVBR) 140:160 The effects of UV-B radiation (UVBR) on photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) of aquatic Synechocystis sp. 27597841 10 14 theme Synechocystis 1208:1220 arg1 sp 1222:1223 Synechocystis sp 1208:1223 Synechocystis sp 1208:1223 Polysaccharides of Synechocystis sp. 27597841 12 15 with comparison 1446:1455 arg1 species 1474:1480 the aquatic species 1462:1480 the aquatic species 1462:1480 The higher tolerance to UVBR of the desert cyanobacterium can be attributed to the higher resistance of its EPS to photodegradation induced by UVBR in comparison with the aquatic species. 27597841 6 16 theme species 778:784 arg1 EPS 766:768 EPS 766:768 EPS of both species 766:784 UVBR had significant effect on the yield and biochemical composition of EPS of both species. 27597841 10 17 theme sp 1222:1223 arg1 Polysaccharides 1189:1203 Polysaccharides 1189:1203 Polysaccharides of Synechocystis sp. 1189:1224 Polysaccharides of Synechocystis sp. 27597841 4 18 theme PSII 582:585 arg1 activity 587:594 the inhibited PSII activity 568:594 the inhibited PSII activity of C. minutus 568:608 The desert cyanobacterium species C. minutus showed higher tolerance of PSII activity (Fv/Fm) to UVBR than the aquatic Synechocystis sp., and the inhibited PSII activity of C. minutus could be fully recovered while that of Synechocystis sp. 27597841 4 19 theme activity 503:510 arg1 tolerance 485:493 higher tolerance 478:493 higher tolerance of PSII activity (Fv/Fm) to UVBR than the aquatic Synechocystis sp. 478:561 The desert cyanobacterium species C. minutus showed higher tolerance of PSII activity (Fv/Fm) to UVBR than the aquatic Synechocystis sp., and the inhibited PSII activity of C. minutus could be fully recovered while that of Synechocystis sp. 27597841 8 20 from Proteins 969:976 arg1 EPS 981:983 EPS 981:983 EPS of desert and aquatic species 981:1013 Proteins in EPS of desert and aquatic species were significantly decomposed under UVBR, and the latter was more easily decomposed. 27597841 8 21 theme desert 988:993 arg1 EPS 981:983 EPS 981:983 EPS of desert and aquatic species 981:1013 Proteins in EPS of desert and aquatic species were significantly decomposed under UVBR, and the latter was more easily decomposed. 27597841 7 22 located detected 936:943 arg2 compounds 921:929 protein-like and phenol-like fluorescent compounds 880:929 protein-like and phenol-like fluorescent compounds 880:929 Protein-like and humic acid-like substances were detected in EPS from Synechocystis sp., and protein-like and phenol-like fluorescent compounds were detected in EPS from C. minutus. 27597841 7 22 located detected 936:943 arg1 EPS 948:950 EPS 948:950 EPS from C. minutus 948:966 Protein-like and humic acid-like substances were detected in EPS from Synechocystis sp., and protein-like and phenol-like fluorescent compounds were detected in EPS from C. minutus. 27597841 1 23 theme photosynthetic 165:178 arg1 activity 180:187 photosynthetic activity 165:187 photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) of aquatic Synechocystis sp 165:223 The effects of UV-B radiation (UVBR) on photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) of aquatic Synechocystis sp. 27597841 1 23 theme photosynthetic 165:178 arg1 Fv/Fm 190:194 Fv/Fm 190:194 Fv/Fm 190:194 The effects of UV-B radiation (UVBR) on photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) of aquatic Synechocystis sp. 27597841 4 24 theme PSII 498:501 arg1 Fv/Fm 513:517 Fv/Fm 513:517 Fv/Fm 513:517 The desert cyanobacterium species C. minutus showed higher tolerance of PSII activity (Fv/Fm) to UVBR than the aquatic Synechocystis sp., and the inhibited PSII activity of C. minutus could be fully recovered while that of Synechocystis sp. 27597841 4 24 theme PSII 498:501 arg1 activity 503:510 PSII activity 498:510 PSII activity (Fv/Fm) 498:518 The desert cyanobacterium species C. minutus showed higher tolerance of PSII activity (Fv/Fm) to UVBR than the aquatic Synechocystis sp., and the inhibited PSII activity of C. minutus could be fully recovered while that of Synechocystis sp. 27597841 8 25 theme aquatic 999:1005 arg1 species 1007:1013 aquatic species 999:1013 aquatic species 999:1013 Proteins in EPS of desert and aquatic species were significantly decomposed under UVBR, and the latter was more easily decomposed. 27597841 2 26 theme extracellular 313:325 arg1 EPSs 349:352 EPSs 349:352 EPSs 349:352 and desert Chroococcus minutus and effects on composition and fluorescence property of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from Synechocystis sp. 27597841 2 26 theme extracellular 313:325 arg1 substances 337:346 extracellular polymeric substances 313:346 extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from Synechocystis sp 313:375 and desert Chroococcus minutus and effects on composition and fluorescence property of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from Synechocystis sp. 27597841 0 27 theme Different 0:8 arg1 Resistance 10:19 Different Resistance 0:19 Different Resistance to UV-B Radiation of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Two Cyanobacteria from Contrasting Habitats 0:122 Different Resistance to UV-B Radiation of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Two Cyanobacteria from Contrasting Habitats. 27597841 7 28 theme Protein-like 787:798 arg1 substances 820:829 Protein-like and humic acid-like substances 787:829 Protein-like and humic acid-like substances 787:829 Protein-like and humic acid-like substances were detected in EPS from Synechocystis sp., and protein-like and phenol-like fluorescent compounds were detected in EPS from C. minutus. 27597841 2 29 from sp 374:375 arg1 composition 272:282 composition 272:282 composition 272:282 and desert Chroococcus minutus and effects on composition and fluorescence property of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from Synechocystis sp. 27597841 2 29 from sp 374:375 arg1 property 301:308 fluorescence property 288:308 fluorescence property 288:308 and desert Chroococcus minutus and effects on composition and fluorescence property of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from Synechocystis sp. 27597841 2 29 from sp 374:375 arg1 EPSs 349:352 EPSs 349:352 EPSs 349:352 and desert Chroococcus minutus and effects on composition and fluorescence property of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from Synechocystis sp. 27597841 2 29 from sp 374:375 arg1 substances 337:346 extracellular polymeric substances 313:346 extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from Synechocystis sp 313:375 and desert Chroococcus minutus and effects on composition and fluorescence property of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from Synechocystis sp. 27597841 4 30 theme Synechocystis 649:661 arg1 sp 663:664 Synechocystis sp 649:664 Synechocystis sp 649:664 The desert cyanobacterium species C. minutus showed higher tolerance of PSII activity (Fv/Fm) to UVBR than the aquatic Synechocystis sp., and the inhibited PSII activity of C. minutus could be fully recovered while that of Synechocystis sp. 27597841 0 31 theme UV-B 24:27 arg1 Radiation 29:37 UV-B Radiation 24:37 UV-B Radiation of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Two Cyanobacteria from Contrasting Habitats 24:122 Different Resistance to UV-B Radiation of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Two Cyanobacteria from Contrasting Habitats. 27597841 4 32 theme Synechocystis 545:557 arg1 UVBR 523:526 UVBR 523:526 UVBR than the aquatic Synechocystis sp. 523:561 The desert cyanobacterium species C. minutus showed higher tolerance of PSII activity (Fv/Fm) to UVBR than the aquatic Synechocystis sp., and the inhibited PSII activity of C. minutus could be fully recovered while that of Synechocystis sp. 27597841 1 33 from effects 129:135 arg1 activity 180:187 photosynthetic activity 165:187 photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) of aquatic Synechocystis sp 165:223 The effects of UV-B radiation (UVBR) on photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) of aquatic Synechocystis sp. 27597841 1 33 from effects 129:135 arg1 Fv/Fm 190:194 Fv/Fm 190:194 Fv/Fm 190:194 The effects of UV-B radiation (UVBR) on photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) of aquatic Synechocystis sp. 27597841 2 34 from desert 230:235 arg1 composition 272:282 composition 272:282 composition 272:282 and desert Chroococcus minutus and effects on composition and fluorescence property of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from Synechocystis sp. 27597841 2 34 from desert 230:235 arg1 property 301:308 fluorescence property 288:308 fluorescence property 288:308 and desert Chroococcus minutus and effects on composition and fluorescence property of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from Synechocystis sp. 27597841 6 35 theme EPS 766:768 arg1 yield 729:733 yield 729:733 yield 729:733 UVBR had significant effect on the yield and biochemical composition of EPS of both species. 27597841 6 35 theme EPS 766:768 arg1 composition 751:761 biochemical composition 739:761 biochemical composition 739:761 UVBR had significant effect on the yield and biochemical composition of EPS of both species. 27597841 2 36 theme fluorescence 288:299 arg1 property 301:308 fluorescence property 288:308 fluorescence property 288:308 and desert Chroococcus minutus and effects on composition and fluorescence property of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from Synechocystis sp. 27597841 7 37 theme humic 804:808 arg1 substances 820:829 Protein-like and humic acid-like substances 787:829 Protein-like and humic acid-like substances 787:829 Protein-like and humic acid-like substances were detected in EPS from Synechocystis sp., and protein-like and phenol-like fluorescent compounds were detected in EPS from C. minutus. 27597841 7 38 theme acid-like 810:818 arg1 substances 820:829 Protein-like and humic acid-like substances 787:829 Protein-like and humic acid-like substances 787:829 Protein-like and humic acid-like substances were detected in EPS from Synechocystis sp., and protein-like and phenol-like fluorescent compounds were detected in EPS from C. minutus. 27597841 4 39 theme higher 478:483 arg1 tolerance 485:493 higher tolerance 478:493 higher tolerance of PSII activity (Fv/Fm) to UVBR than the aquatic Synechocystis sp. 478:561 The desert cyanobacterium species C. minutus showed higher tolerance of PSII activity (Fv/Fm) to UVBR than the aquatic Synechocystis sp., and the inhibited PSII activity of C. minutus could be fully recovered while that of Synechocystis sp. 27597841 1 40 theme aquatic 200:206 arg1 sp 222:223 aquatic Synechocystis sp 200:223 aquatic Synechocystis sp 200:223 The effects of UV-B radiation (UVBR) on photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) of aquatic Synechocystis sp. 27597841 0 41 theme Polymeric 56:64 arg1 Substances 66:75 Extracellular Polymeric Substances 42:75 Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Two Cyanobacteria from Contrasting Habitats 42:122 Different Resistance to UV-B Radiation of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Two Cyanobacteria from Contrasting Habitats. 27597841 0 42 from Substances 66:75 arg1 Habitats 115:122 Contrasting Habitats 103:122 Contrasting Habitats 103:122 Different Resistance to UV-B Radiation of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Two Cyanobacteria from Contrasting Habitats. 27597841 12 43 theme cyanobacterium 1338:1351 arg1 UVBR 1319:1322 UVBR 1319:1322 UVBR of the desert cyanobacterium 1319:1351 The higher tolerance to UVBR of the desert cyanobacterium can be attributed to the higher resistance of its EPS to photodegradation induced by UVBR in comparison with the aquatic species. 27597841 6 44 theme biochemical 739:749 arg1 composition 751:761 biochemical composition 739:761 biochemical composition 739:761 UVBR had significant effect on the yield and biochemical composition of EPS of both species. 27597841 0 45 theme Extracellular 42:54 arg1 Substances 66:75 Extracellular Polymeric Substances 42:75 Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Two Cyanobacteria from Contrasting Habitats 42:122 Different Resistance to UV-B Radiation of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Two Cyanobacteria from Contrasting Habitats. 27597841 4 46 theme desert 430:435 arg1 species 452:458 The desert cyanobacterium species 426:458 The desert cyanobacterium species C. minutus 426:469 The desert cyanobacterium species C. minutus showed higher tolerance of PSII activity (Fv/Fm) to UVBR than the aquatic Synechocystis sp., and the inhibited PSII activity of C. minutus could be fully recovered while that of Synechocystis sp. 27597841 12 47 theme desert 1331:1336 arg1 cyanobacterium 1338:1351 the desert cyanobacterium 1327:1351 the desert cyanobacterium 1327:1351 The higher tolerance to UVBR of the desert cyanobacterium can be attributed to the higher resistance of its EPS to photodegradation induced by UVBR in comparison with the aquatic species. 27597841 7 48 theme phenol-like 897:907 arg1 compounds 921:929 protein-like and phenol-like fluorescent compounds 880:929 protein-like and phenol-like fluorescent compounds 880:929 Protein-like and humic acid-like substances were detected in EPS from Synechocystis sp., and protein-like and phenol-like fluorescent compounds were detected in EPS from C. minutus. 27597841 0 49 from Habitats 115:122 arg1 Substances 66:75 Extracellular Polymeric Substances 42:75 Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Two Cyanobacteria from Contrasting Habitats 42:122 Different Resistance to UV-B Radiation of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Two Cyanobacteria from Contrasting Habitats. 27597841 0 49 from Habitats 115:122 arg1 Cyanobacteria 84:96 Two Cyanobacteria 80:96 Two Cyanobacteria from Contrasting Habitats 80:122 Different Resistance to UV-B Radiation of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Two Cyanobacteria from Contrasting Habitats. 27597841 2 50 theme substances 337:346 arg1 composition 272:282 composition 272:282 composition 272:282 and desert Chroococcus minutus and effects on composition and fluorescence property of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from Synechocystis sp. 27597841 2 50 theme substances 337:346 arg1 property 301:308 fluorescence property 288:308 fluorescence property 288:308 and desert Chroococcus minutus and effects on composition and fluorescence property of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from Synechocystis sp. 27597841 2 51 from effects 261:267 arg1 composition 272:282 composition 272:282 composition 272:282 and desert Chroococcus minutus and effects on composition and fluorescence property of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from Synechocystis sp. 27597841 2 51 from effects 261:267 arg1 property 301:308 fluorescence property 288:308 fluorescence property 288:308 and desert Chroococcus minutus and effects on composition and fluorescence property of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from Synechocystis sp. 27597841 1 52 theme Synechocystis 208:220 arg1 sp 222:223 aquatic Synechocystis sp 200:223 aquatic Synechocystis sp 200:223 The effects of UV-B radiation (UVBR) on photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) of aquatic Synechocystis sp. 27597841 7 53 located detected 836:843 arg1 EPS 848:850 EPS 848:850 EPS from Synechocystis sp. 848:873 Protein-like and humic acid-like substances were detected in EPS from Synechocystis sp., and protein-like and phenol-like fluorescent compounds were detected in EPS from C. minutus. 27597841 7 53 located detected 836:843 arg2 substances 820:829 Protein-like and humic acid-like substances 787:829 Protein-like and humic acid-like substances 787:829 Protein-like and humic acid-like substances were detected in EPS from Synechocystis sp., and protein-like and phenol-like fluorescent compounds were detected in EPS from C. minutus. 27597841 12 54 theme aquatic 1466:1472 arg1 species 1474:1480 the aquatic species 1462:1480 the aquatic species 1462:1480 The higher tolerance to UVBR of the desert cyanobacterium can be attributed to the higher resistance of its EPS to photodegradation induced by UVBR in comparison with the aquatic species. 27597841 12 55 theme higher 1299:1304 arg1 tolerance 1306:1314 The higher tolerance 1295:1314 The higher tolerance to UVBR of the desert cyanobacterium 1295:1351 The higher tolerance to UVBR of the desert cyanobacterium can be attributed to the higher resistance of its EPS to photodegradation induced by UVBR in comparison with the aquatic species. 27597841 2 56 theme polymeric 327:335 arg1 EPSs 349:352 EPSs 349:352 EPSs 349:352 and desert Chroococcus minutus and effects on composition and fluorescence property of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from Synechocystis sp. 27597841 2 56 theme polymeric 327:335 arg1 substances 337:346 extracellular polymeric substances 313:346 extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from Synechocystis sp 313:375 and desert Chroococcus minutus and effects on composition and fluorescence property of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from Synechocystis sp. 27597841 7 57 theme protein-like 880:891 arg1 compounds 921:929 protein-like and phenol-like fluorescent compounds 880:929 protein-like and phenol-like fluorescent compounds 880:929 Protein-like and humic acid-like substances were detected in EPS from Synechocystis sp., and protein-like and phenol-like fluorescent compounds were detected in EPS from C. minutus. 27597841 1 58 theme sp 222:223 arg1 activity 180:187 photosynthetic activity 165:187 photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) of aquatic Synechocystis sp 165:223 The effects of UV-B radiation (UVBR) on photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) of aquatic Synechocystis sp. 27597841 1 58 theme sp 222:223 arg1 Fv/Fm 190:194 Fv/Fm 190:194 Fv/Fm 190:194 The effects of UV-B radiation (UVBR) on photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) of aquatic Synechocystis sp. 27597841 4 59 theme cyanobacterium 437:450 arg1 species 452:458 The desert cyanobacterium species 426:458 The desert cyanobacterium species C. minutus 426:469 The desert cyanobacterium species C. minutus showed higher tolerance of PSII activity (Fv/Fm) to UVBR than the aquatic Synechocystis sp., and the inhibited PSII activity of C. minutus could be fully recovered while that of Synechocystis sp. 27597841 1 60 theme radiation 145:153 arg1 effects 129:135 The effects 125:135 The effects of UV-B radiation (UVBR) on photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) of aquatic Synechocystis sp 125:223 The effects of UV-B radiation (UVBR) on photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) of aquatic Synechocystis sp. 27597841 2 61 from composition 272:282 arg1 sp 374:375 Synechocystis sp 360:375 Synechocystis sp 360:375 and desert Chroococcus minutus and effects on composition and fluorescence property of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from Synechocystis sp. 27597841 8 62 theme species 1007:1013 arg1 EPS 981:983 EPS 981:983 EPS of desert and aquatic species 981:1013 Proteins in EPS of desert and aquatic species were significantly decomposed under UVBR, and the latter was more easily decomposed. 27597841 0 63 theme Substances 66:75 arg1 Radiation 29:37 UV-B Radiation 24:37 UV-B Radiation of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Two Cyanobacteria from Contrasting Habitats 24:122 Different Resistance to UV-B Radiation of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Two Cyanobacteria from Contrasting Habitats. 27597841 2 64 theme Synechocystis 360:372 arg1 sp 374:375 Synechocystis sp 360:375 Synechocystis sp 360:375 and desert Chroococcus minutus and effects on composition and fluorescence property of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from Synechocystis sp. 27597841 2 65 from property 301:308 arg1 sp 374:375 Synechocystis sp 360:375 Synechocystis sp 360:375 and desert Chroococcus minutus and effects on composition and fluorescence property of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from Synechocystis sp. 27597841 4 66 theme minutus 602:608 arg1 activity 587:594 the inhibited PSII activity 568:594 the inhibited PSII activity of C. minutus 568:608 The desert cyanobacterium species C. minutus showed higher tolerance of PSII activity (Fv/Fm) to UVBR than the aquatic Synechocystis sp., and the inhibited PSII activity of C. minutus could be fully recovered while that of Synechocystis sp. 25319350 3 0 theme alginate 708:715 arg1 PCL-AT 726:731 PCL-AT 726:731 PCL-AT 726:731 In this study, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) or rat bone extracellular matrix (BP) were examined in an effort to optimize the mechanical properties and osteogenic activity of poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds prepared with alginate threads (PCL-AT). 25319350 3 0 theme alginate 708:715 arg1 threads 717:723 alginate threads 708:723 alginate threads (PCL-AT) 708:732 In this study, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) or rat bone extracellular matrix (BP) were examined in an effort to optimize the mechanical properties and osteogenic activity of poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds prepared with alginate threads (PCL-AT). 25319350 3 1 theme synthetic 504:512 arg1 hydroxyapatite 514:527 synthetic hydroxyapatite 504:527 synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) 504:532 In this study, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) or rat bone extracellular matrix (BP) were examined in an effort to optimize the mechanical properties and osteogenic activity of poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds prepared with alginate threads (PCL-AT). 25319350 3 1 theme synthetic 504:512 arg1 HA 530:531 HA 530:531 HA 530:531 In this study, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) or rat bone extracellular matrix (BP) were examined in an effort to optimize the mechanical properties and osteogenic activity of poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds prepared with alginate threads (PCL-AT). 25319350 3 2 theme scaffolds 684:692 arg1 properties 626:635 mechanical properties 615:635 mechanical properties 615:635 In this study, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) or rat bone extracellular matrix (BP) were examined in an effort to optimize the mechanical properties and osteogenic activity of poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds prepared with alginate threads (PCL-AT). 25319350 3 2 theme scaffolds 684:692 arg1 activity 652:659 osteogenic activity 641:659 osteogenic activity 641:659 In this study, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) or rat bone extracellular matrix (BP) were examined in an effort to optimize the mechanical properties and osteogenic activity of poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds prepared with alginate threads (PCL-AT). 25319350 5 3 theme interconnected 1065:1078 arg1 pores 1080:1084 interconnected pores 1065:1084 interconnected pores homogenously distributed 1065:1109 Micro-CT analysis and scanning electron microscopy evidenced that porous PCL scaffolds containing HA or BP acquire a trabecular bone-like structure with interconnected pores homogenously distributed and are characterized by a pore diameter of approximately 10 µm (PCL-AT-BP) or ranging from 10 to 100 µm. 25319350 2 4 theme porosity 356:363 arg1 grade 365:369 porosity grade 356:369 porosity grade 356:369 To guarantee optimal biological properties, bone substitutes are prepared with a 3D structure and porosity grade functional to drive cell migration and proliferation, diffusion of factors, vascularization and cell waste expulsion. 25319350 6 5 theme cell 1400:1403 arg1 viability 1405:1413 the cell viability 1396:1413 the cell viability 1396:1413 Although the porosity grade of both PCL-AT-HA and PCL-AT-BP promoted optimal conditions for the cell growth of rMSCs at the early phase, the presence of BP was crucial to prolong the cell viability at the late phase. 25319350 5 6 theme trabecular 1029:1038 arg1 structure 1050:1058 a trabecular bone-like structure 1027:1058 a trabecular bone-like structure with interconnected pores homogenously distributed 1027:1109 Micro-CT analysis and scanning electron microscopy evidenced that porous PCL scaffolds containing HA or BP acquire a trabecular bone-like structure with interconnected pores homogenously distributed and are characterized by a pore diameter of approximately 10 µm (PCL-AT-BP) or ranging from 10 to 100 µm. 25319350 3 7 theme rat 537:539 arg1 matrix 560:565 rat bone extracellular matrix 537:565 rat bone extracellular matrix (BP) 537:570 In this study, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) or rat bone extracellular matrix (BP) were examined in an effort to optimize the mechanical properties and osteogenic activity of poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds prepared with alginate threads (PCL-AT). 25319350 3 7 theme rat 537:539 arg1 BP 568:569 BP 568:569 BP 568:569 In this study, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) or rat bone extracellular matrix (BP) were examined in an effort to optimize the mechanical properties and osteogenic activity of poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds prepared with alginate threads (PCL-AT). 25319350 4 8 theme rabbit 741:746 arg1 rMSCs 792:796 rMSCs 792:796 rMSCs 792:796 Using rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. 25319350 4 8 theme rabbit 741:746 arg1 cells 785:789 rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 741:789 rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) 741:797 Using rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. 25319350 7 9 from days 1483:1486 arg1 expression 1457:1466 a precocious expression 1444:1466 a precocious expression of Runx2 (at 7 days) 1444:1487 Moreover, a precocious expression of Runx2 (at 7 days) was observed in PCL-AT-BP in combination with osteogenic soluble factors suggesting that BP controls better than HA the osteogenic maturation process in bone substitutes. 25319350 4 10 theme marrow-derived 753:766 arg1 rMSCs 792:796 rMSCs 792:796 rMSCs 792:796 Using rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. 25319350 4 10 theme marrow-derived 753:766 arg1 cells 785:789 rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 741:789 rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) 741:797 Using rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. 25319350 6 11 theme PCL-AT-BP 1267:1275 arg1 grade 1239:1243 the porosity grade 1226:1243 the porosity grade of both PCL-AT-HA and PCL-AT-BP 1226:1275 Although the porosity grade of both PCL-AT-HA and PCL-AT-BP promoted optimal conditions for the cell growth of rMSCs at the early phase, the presence of BP was crucial to prolong the cell viability at the late phase. 25319350 3 12 theme bone 541:544 arg1 matrix 560:565 rat bone extracellular matrix 537:565 rat bone extracellular matrix (BP) 537:570 In this study, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) or rat bone extracellular matrix (BP) were examined in an effort to optimize the mechanical properties and osteogenic activity of poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds prepared with alginate threads (PCL-AT). 25319350 3 12 theme bone 541:544 arg1 BP 568:569 BP 568:569 BP 568:569 In this study, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) or rat bone extracellular matrix (BP) were examined in an effort to optimize the mechanical properties and osteogenic activity of poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds prepared with alginate threads (PCL-AT). 25319350 6 13 theme PCL-AT-HA 1253:1261 arg1 grade 1239:1243 the porosity grade 1226:1243 the porosity grade of both PCL-AT-HA and PCL-AT-BP 1226:1275 Although the porosity grade of both PCL-AT-HA and PCL-AT-BP promoted optimal conditions for the cell growth of rMSCs at the early phase, the presence of BP was crucial to prolong the cell viability at the late phase. 25319350 4 14 theme substrates 829:838 arg1 effects 804:810 the effects 800:810 the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion 800:855 Using rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. 25319350 4 14 theme substrates 829:838 arg1 growth 858:863 growth 858:863 growth 858:863 Using rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. 25319350 4 14 theme substrates 829:838 arg1 differentiation 880:894 osteogenic differentiation 869:894 osteogenic differentiation 869:894 Using rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. 25319350 5 15 theme PCL 985:987 arg1 scaffolds 989:997 porous PCL scaffolds 978:997 porous PCL scaffolds containing HA or BP 978:1017 Micro-CT analysis and scanning electron microscopy evidenced that porous PCL scaffolds containing HA or BP acquire a trabecular bone-like structure with interconnected pores homogenously distributed and are characterized by a pore diameter of approximately 10 µm (PCL-AT-BP) or ranging from 10 to 100 µm. 25319350 1 16 theme number 177:182 arg1 treatment 162:170 the treatment 158:170 the treatment of a number of orthopedic diseases, such as bone trauma and congenital malformations 158:255 Synthetic biomaterials combined with cells and osteogenic factors represent a promising approach for the treatment of a number of orthopedic diseases, such as bone trauma and congenital malformations. 25319350 6 17 theme early 1341:1345 arg1 phase 1347:1351 the early phase 1337:1351 the early phase 1337:1351 Although the porosity grade of both PCL-AT-HA and PCL-AT-BP promoted optimal conditions for the cell growth of rMSCs at the early phase, the presence of BP was crucial to prolong the cell viability at the late phase. 25319350 4 18 theme composite 819:827 arg1 substrates 829:838 PCL composite substrates 815:838 PCL composite substrates 815:838 Using rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. 25319350 2 19 theme biological 279:288 arg1 properties 290:299 optimal biological properties 271:299 optimal biological properties 271:299 To guarantee optimal biological properties, bone substitutes are prepared with a 3D structure and porosity grade functional to drive cell migration and proliferation, diffusion of factors, vascularization and cell waste expulsion. 25319350 5 20 with structure 1050:1058 arg1 pores 1080:1084 interconnected pores 1065:1084 interconnected pores homogenously distributed 1065:1109 Micro-CT analysis and scanning electron microscopy evidenced that porous PCL scaffolds containing HA or BP acquire a trabecular bone-like structure with interconnected pores homogenously distributed and are characterized by a pore diameter of approximately 10 µm (PCL-AT-BP) or ranging from 10 to 100 µm. 25319350 5 21 theme pore 1138:1141 arg1 diameter 1143:1150 a pore diameter 1136:1150 a pore diameter of approximately 10 µm (PCL-AT-BP) 1136:1185 Micro-CT analysis and scanning electron microscopy evidenced that porous PCL scaffolds containing HA or BP acquire a trabecular bone-like structure with interconnected pores homogenously distributed and are characterized by a pore diameter of approximately 10 µm (PCL-AT-BP) or ranging from 10 to 100 µm. 25319350 4 22 theme cell 843:846 arg1 adhesion 848:855 cell adhesion 843:855 cell adhesion 843:855 Using rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. 25319350 5 23 theme scanning 934:941 arg1 microscopy 952:961 scanning electron microscopy 934:961 scanning electron microscopy 934:961 Micro-CT analysis and scanning electron microscopy evidenced that porous PCL scaffolds containing HA or BP acquire a trabecular bone-like structure with interconnected pores homogenously distributed and are characterized by a pore diameter of approximately 10 µm (PCL-AT-BP) or ranging from 10 to 100 µm. 25319350 6 24 theme cell 1313:1316 arg1 growth 1318:1323 the cell growth 1309:1323 the cell growth of rMSCs 1309:1332 Although the porosity grade of both PCL-AT-HA and PCL-AT-BP promoted optimal conditions for the cell growth of rMSCs at the early phase, the presence of BP was crucial to prolong the cell viability at the late phase. 25319350 1 25 theme orthopedic 187:196 arg1 trauma 221:226 bone trauma 216:226 bone trauma 216:226 Synthetic biomaterials combined with cells and osteogenic factors represent a promising approach for the treatment of a number of orthopedic diseases, such as bone trauma and congenital malformations. 25319350 1 25 theme orthopedic 187:196 arg1 diseases 198:205 orthopedic diseases 187:205 orthopedic diseases 187:205 Synthetic biomaterials combined with cells and osteogenic factors represent a promising approach for the treatment of a number of orthopedic diseases, such as bone trauma and congenital malformations. 25319350 1 25 theme orthopedic 187:196 arg1 malformations 243:255 congenital malformations 232:255 congenital malformations 232:255 Synthetic biomaterials combined with cells and osteogenic factors represent a promising approach for the treatment of a number of orthopedic diseases, such as bone trauma and congenital malformations. 25319350 0 26 theme Poly-ε-caprolactone 0:18 arg1 composite 20:28 Poly-ε-caprolactone composite 0:28 Poly-ε-caprolactone composite 0:28 Poly-ε-caprolactone composite scaffolds for bone repair. 25319350 5 27 dep 100 1209:1211 arg1 to 1206:1207 to 1206:1207 to 1206:1207 Micro-CT analysis and scanning electron microscopy evidenced that porous PCL scaffolds containing HA or BP acquire a trabecular bone-like structure with interconnected pores homogenously distributed and are characterized by a pore diameter of approximately 10 µm (PCL-AT-BP) or ranging from 10 to 100 µm. 25319350 6 28 theme late 1422:1425 arg1 phase 1427:1431 the late phase 1418:1431 the late phase 1418:1431 Although the porosity grade of both PCL-AT-HA and PCL-AT-BP promoted optimal conditions for the cell growth of rMSCs at the early phase, the presence of BP was crucial to prolong the cell viability at the late phase. 25319350 1 29 theme osteogenic 104:113 arg1 factors 115:121 osteogenic factors 104:121 osteogenic factors 104:121 Synthetic biomaterials combined with cells and osteogenic factors represent a promising approach for the treatment of a number of orthopedic diseases, such as bone trauma and congenital malformations. 25319350 7 30 theme maturation 1620:1629 arg1 process 1631:1637 the osteogenic maturation process 1605:1637 the osteogenic maturation process in bone substitutes 1605:1657 Moreover, a precocious expression of Runx2 (at 7 days) was observed in PCL-AT-BP in combination with osteogenic soluble factors suggesting that BP controls better than HA the osteogenic maturation process in bone substitutes. 25319350 1 31 theme diseases 198:205 arg1 number 177:182 a number 175:182 a number of orthopedic diseases, such as bone trauma and congenital malformations 175:255 Synthetic biomaterials combined with cells and osteogenic factors represent a promising approach for the treatment of a number of orthopedic diseases, such as bone trauma and congenital malformations. 25319350 1 31 theme diseases 198:205 arg1 malformations 243:255 congenital malformations 232:255 congenital malformations 232:255 Synthetic biomaterials combined with cells and osteogenic factors represent a promising approach for the treatment of a number of orthopedic diseases, such as bone trauma and congenital malformations. 25319350 1 31 theme diseases 198:205 arg1 trauma 221:226 bone trauma 216:226 bone trauma 216:226 Synthetic biomaterials combined with cells and osteogenic factors represent a promising approach for the treatment of a number of orthopedic diseases, such as bone trauma and congenital malformations. 25319350 5 32 theme bone-like 1040:1048 arg1 structure 1050:1058 a trabecular bone-like structure 1027:1058 a trabecular bone-like structure with interconnected pores homogenously distributed 1027:1109 Micro-CT analysis and scanning electron microscopy evidenced that porous PCL scaffolds containing HA or BP acquire a trabecular bone-like structure with interconnected pores homogenously distributed and are characterized by a pore diameter of approximately 10 µm (PCL-AT-BP) or ranging from 10 to 100 µm. 25319350 3 33 theme extracellular 546:558 arg1 matrix 560:565 rat bone extracellular matrix 537:565 rat bone extracellular matrix (BP) 537:570 In this study, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) or rat bone extracellular matrix (BP) were examined in an effort to optimize the mechanical properties and osteogenic activity of poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds prepared with alginate threads (PCL-AT). 25319350 3 33 theme extracellular 546:558 arg1 BP 568:569 BP 568:569 BP 568:569 In this study, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) or rat bone extracellular matrix (BP) were examined in an effort to optimize the mechanical properties and osteogenic activity of poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds prepared with alginate threads (PCL-AT). 25319350 2 34 theme factors 438:444 arg1 structure 342:350 3D structure 339:350 3D structure 339:350 To guarantee optimal biological properties, bone substitutes are prepared with a 3D structure and porosity grade functional to drive cell migration and proliferation, diffusion of factors, vascularization and cell waste expulsion. 25319350 2 34 theme factors 438:444 arg1 vascularization 447:461 vascularization 447:461 vascularization 447:461 To guarantee optimal biological properties, bone substitutes are prepared with a 3D structure and porosity grade functional to drive cell migration and proliferation, diffusion of factors, vascularization and cell waste expulsion. 25319350 2 34 theme factors 438:444 arg1 diffusion 425:433 diffusion 425:433 diffusion of factors 425:444 To guarantee optimal biological properties, bone substitutes are prepared with a 3D structure and porosity grade functional to drive cell migration and proliferation, diffusion of factors, vascularization and cell waste expulsion. 25319350 2 34 theme factors 438:444 arg1 expulsion 478:486 cell waste expulsion 467:486 cell waste expulsion 467:486 To guarantee optimal biological properties, bone substitutes are prepared with a 3D structure and porosity grade functional to drive cell migration and proliferation, diffusion of factors, vascularization and cell waste expulsion. 25319350 2 34 theme factors 438:444 arg1 grade 365:369 porosity grade 356:369 porosity grade 356:369 To guarantee optimal biological properties, bone substitutes are prepared with a 3D structure and porosity grade functional to drive cell migration and proliferation, diffusion of factors, vascularization and cell waste expulsion. 25319350 5 35 theme electron 943:950 arg1 microscopy 952:961 scanning electron microscopy 934:961 scanning electron microscopy 934:961 Micro-CT analysis and scanning electron microscopy evidenced that porous PCL scaffolds containing HA or BP acquire a trabecular bone-like structure with interconnected pores homogenously distributed and are characterized by a pore diameter of approximately 10 µm (PCL-AT-BP) or ranging from 10 to 100 µm. 25319350 2 36 dep structure 342:350 arg1 a 337:337 a 337:337 a 337:337 To guarantee optimal biological properties, bone substitutes are prepared with a 3D structure and porosity grade functional to drive cell migration and proliferation, diffusion of factors, vascularization and cell waste expulsion. 25319350 5 37 theme porous 978:983 arg1 scaffolds 989:997 porous PCL scaffolds 978:997 porous PCL scaffolds containing HA or BP 978:1017 Micro-CT analysis and scanning electron microscopy evidenced that porous PCL scaffolds containing HA or BP acquire a trabecular bone-like structure with interconnected pores homogenously distributed and are characterized by a pore diameter of approximately 10 µm (PCL-AT-BP) or ranging from 10 to 100 µm. 25319350 5 38 theme Micro-CT 912:919 arg1 analysis 921:928 Micro-CT analysis 912:928 Micro-CT analysis 912:928 Micro-CT analysis and scanning electron microscopy evidenced that porous PCL scaffolds containing HA or BP acquire a trabecular bone-like structure with interconnected pores homogenously distributed and are characterized by a pore diameter of approximately 10 µm (PCL-AT-BP) or ranging from 10 to 100 µm. 25319350 6 39 theme rMSCs 1328:1332 arg1 growth 1318:1323 the cell growth 1309:1323 the cell growth of rMSCs 1309:1332 Although the porosity grade of both PCL-AT-HA and PCL-AT-BP promoted optimal conditions for the cell growth of rMSCs at the early phase, the presence of BP was crucial to prolong the cell viability at the late phase. 25319350 7 40 theme osteogenic 1609:1618 arg1 process 1631:1637 the osteogenic maturation process 1605:1637 the osteogenic maturation process in bone substitutes 1605:1657 Moreover, a precocious expression of Runx2 (at 7 days) was observed in PCL-AT-BP in combination with osteogenic soluble factors suggesting that BP controls better than HA the osteogenic maturation process in bone substitutes. 25319350 0 41 theme bone 44:47 arg1 repair 49:54 bone repair 44:54 bone repair 44:54 Poly-ε-caprolactone composite scaffolds for bone repair. 25319350 5 42 theme µm 1172:1173 arg1 diameter 1143:1150 a pore diameter 1136:1150 a pore diameter of approximately 10 µm (PCL-AT-BP) 1136:1185 Micro-CT analysis and scanning electron microscopy evidenced that porous PCL scaffolds containing HA or BP acquire a trabecular bone-like structure with interconnected pores homogenously distributed and are characterized by a pore diameter of approximately 10 µm (PCL-AT-BP) or ranging from 10 to 100 µm. 25319350 3 43 dep properties 626:635 arg1 the 611:613 the 611:613 the 611:613 In this study, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) or rat bone extracellular matrix (BP) were examined in an effort to optimize the mechanical properties and osteogenic activity of poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds prepared with alginate threads (PCL-AT). 25319350 1 44 theme bone 216:219 arg1 trauma 221:226 bone trauma 216:226 bone trauma 216:226 Synthetic biomaterials combined with cells and osteogenic factors represent a promising approach for the treatment of a number of orthopedic diseases, such as bone trauma and congenital malformations. 25319350 2 45 theme waste 472:476 arg1 expulsion 478:486 cell waste expulsion 467:486 cell waste expulsion 467:486 To guarantee optimal biological properties, bone substitutes are prepared with a 3D structure and porosity grade functional to drive cell migration and proliferation, diffusion of factors, vascularization and cell waste expulsion. 25319350 3 46 theme mechanical 615:624 arg1 properties 626:635 mechanical properties 615:635 mechanical properties 615:635 In this study, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) or rat bone extracellular matrix (BP) were examined in an effort to optimize the mechanical properties and osteogenic activity of poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds prepared with alginate threads (PCL-AT). 25319350 4 47 theme PCL 815:817 arg1 substrates 829:838 PCL composite substrates 815:838 PCL composite substrates 815:838 Using rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. 25319350 7 48 dep bone 1642:1645 arg1 substitutes 1647:1657 substitutes 1647:1657 substitutes 1647:1657 Moreover, a precocious expression of Runx2 (at 7 days) was observed in PCL-AT-BP in combination with osteogenic soluble factors suggesting that BP controls better than HA the osteogenic maturation process in bone substitutes. 25319350 2 49 theme cell 467:470 arg1 expulsion 478:486 cell waste expulsion 467:486 cell waste expulsion 467:486 To guarantee optimal biological properties, bone substitutes are prepared with a 3D structure and porosity grade functional to drive cell migration and proliferation, diffusion of factors, vascularization and cell waste expulsion. 25319350 4 50 theme osteogenic 869:878 arg1 effects 804:810 the effects 800:810 the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion 800:855 Using rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. 25319350 4 50 theme osteogenic 869:878 arg1 differentiation 880:894 osteogenic differentiation 869:894 osteogenic differentiation 869:894 Using rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. 25319350 7 51 located observed 1493:1500 arg1 PCL-AT-BP 1505:1513 PCL-AT-BP 1505:1513 PCL-AT-BP 1505:1513 Moreover, a precocious expression of Runx2 (at 7 days) was observed in PCL-AT-BP in combination with osteogenic soluble factors suggesting that BP controls better than HA the osteogenic maturation process in bone substitutes. 25319350 7 51 located observed 1493:1500 arg2 expression 1457:1466 a precocious expression 1444:1466 a precocious expression of Runx2 (at 7 days) 1444:1487 Moreover, a precocious expression of Runx2 (at 7 days) was observed in PCL-AT-BP in combination with osteogenic soluble factors suggesting that BP controls better than HA the osteogenic maturation process in bone substitutes. 25319350 7 51 located observed 1493:1500 arg1 combination 1518:1528 combination 1518:1528 combination with osteogenic soluble factors suggesting that BP controls better than HA the osteogenic maturation process in bone substitutes 1518:1657 Moreover, a precocious expression of Runx2 (at 7 days) was observed in PCL-AT-BP in combination with osteogenic soluble factors suggesting that BP controls better than HA the osteogenic maturation process in bone substitutes. 25319350 3 52 theme poly-ε-caprolactone 664:682 arg1 scaffolds 684:692 poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds 664:692 poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds prepared with alginate threads (PCL-AT) 664:732 In this study, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) or rat bone extracellular matrix (BP) were examined in an effort to optimize the mechanical properties and osteogenic activity of poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds prepared with alginate threads (PCL-AT). 25319350 4 53 from effects 804:810 arg1 adhesion 848:855 cell adhesion 843:855 cell adhesion 843:855 Using rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. 25319350 1 54 theme promising 135:143 arg1 approach 145:152 a promising approach 133:152 a promising approach for the treatment of a number of orthopedic diseases, such as bone trauma and congenital malformations 133:255 Synthetic biomaterials combined with cells and osteogenic factors represent a promising approach for the treatment of a number of orthopedic diseases, such as bone trauma and congenital malformations. 25319350 6 55 theme optimal 1286:1292 arg1 conditions 1294:1303 optimal conditions 1286:1303 optimal conditions for the cell growth of rMSCs 1286:1332 Although the porosity grade of both PCL-AT-HA and PCL-AT-BP promoted optimal conditions for the cell growth of rMSCs at the early phase, the presence of BP was crucial to prolong the cell viability at the late phase. 25319350 2 56 theme optimal 271:277 arg1 properties 290:299 optimal biological properties 271:299 optimal biological properties 271:299 To guarantee optimal biological properties, bone substitutes are prepared with a 3D structure and porosity grade functional to drive cell migration and proliferation, diffusion of factors, vascularization and cell waste expulsion. 25319350 2 57 dep cell 391:394 arg1 migration 396:404 migration 396:404 migration 396:404 To guarantee optimal biological properties, bone substitutes are prepared with a 3D structure and porosity grade functional to drive cell migration and proliferation, diffusion of factors, vascularization and cell waste expulsion. 25319350 6 58 theme porosity 1230:1237 arg1 grade 1239:1243 the porosity grade 1226:1243 the porosity grade of both PCL-AT-HA and PCL-AT-BP 1226:1275 Although the porosity grade of both PCL-AT-HA and PCL-AT-BP promoted optimal conditions for the cell growth of rMSCs at the early phase, the presence of BP was crucial to prolong the cell viability at the late phase. 25319350 2 59 theme 3D 339:340 arg1 structure 342:350 3D structure 339:350 3D structure 339:350 To guarantee optimal biological properties, bone substitutes are prepared with a 3D structure and porosity grade functional to drive cell migration and proliferation, diffusion of factors, vascularization and cell waste expulsion. 25319350 4 60 theme bone 748:751 arg1 rMSCs 792:796 rMSCs 792:796 rMSCs 792:796 Using rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. 25319350 4 60 theme bone 748:751 arg1 cells 785:789 rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 741:789 rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) 741:797 Using rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. 25319350 7 61 theme osteogenic 1535:1544 arg1 factors 1554:1560 osteogenic soluble factors 1535:1560 osteogenic soluble factors suggesting that BP controls better than HA the osteogenic maturation process in bone substitutes 1535:1657 Moreover, a precocious expression of Runx2 (at 7 days) was observed in PCL-AT-BP in combination with osteogenic soluble factors suggesting that BP controls better than HA the osteogenic maturation process in bone substitutes. 25319350 4 62 theme stem 780:783 arg1 rMSCs 792:796 rMSCs 792:796 rMSCs 792:796 Using rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. 25319350 4 62 theme stem 780:783 arg1 cells 785:789 rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 741:789 rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) 741:797 Using rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. 25319350 3 63 theme osteogenic 641:650 arg1 activity 652:659 osteogenic activity 641:659 osteogenic activity 641:659 In this study, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) or rat bone extracellular matrix (BP) were examined in an effort to optimize the mechanical properties and osteogenic activity of poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds prepared with alginate threads (PCL-AT). 25319350 4 64 theme mesenchymal 768:778 arg1 rMSCs 792:796 rMSCs 792:796 rMSCs 792:796 Using rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. 25319350 4 64 theme mesenchymal 768:778 arg1 cells 785:789 rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 741:789 rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) 741:797 Using rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. 25319350 7 65 with combination 1518:1528 arg1 factors 1554:1560 osteogenic soluble factors 1535:1560 osteogenic soluble factors suggesting that BP controls better than HA the osteogenic maturation process in bone substitutes 1535:1657 Moreover, a precocious expression of Runx2 (at 7 days) was observed in PCL-AT-BP in combination with osteogenic soluble factors suggesting that BP controls better than HA the osteogenic maturation process in bone substitutes. 25319350 4 66 link marrow-derived 753:766 arg1 rMSCs 792:796 rMSCs 792:796 rMSCs 792:796 Using rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. 25319350 4 66 link marrow-derived 753:766 arg1 cells 785:789 rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 741:789 rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) 741:797 Using rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), the effects of PCL composite substrates on cell adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. 25319350 7 67 theme soluble 1546:1552 arg1 factors 1554:1560 osteogenic soluble factors 1535:1560 osteogenic soluble factors suggesting that BP controls better than HA the osteogenic maturation process in bone substitutes 1535:1657 Moreover, a precocious expression of Runx2 (at 7 days) was observed in PCL-AT-BP in combination with osteogenic soluble factors suggesting that BP controls better than HA the osteogenic maturation process in bone substitutes. 25319350 7 68 from process 1631:1637 arg1 bone 1642:1645 bone substitutes 1642:1657 bone substitutes 1642:1657 Moreover, a precocious expression of Runx2 (at 7 days) was observed in PCL-AT-BP in combination with osteogenic soluble factors suggesting that BP controls better than HA the osteogenic maturation process in bone substitutes. 25319350 5 69 contain containing 999:1008 arg2 BP 1016:1017 BP 1016:1017 BP 1016:1017 Micro-CT analysis and scanning electron microscopy evidenced that porous PCL scaffolds containing HA or BP acquire a trabecular bone-like structure with interconnected pores homogenously distributed and are characterized by a pore diameter of approximately 10 µm (PCL-AT-BP) or ranging from 10 to 100 µm. 25319350 5 69 contain containing 999:1008 arg2 HA 1010:1011 HA 1010:1011 HA 1010:1011 Micro-CT analysis and scanning electron microscopy evidenced that porous PCL scaffolds containing HA or BP acquire a trabecular bone-like structure with interconnected pores homogenously distributed and are characterized by a pore diameter of approximately 10 µm (PCL-AT-BP) or ranging from 10 to 100 µm. 25319350 5 69 contain containing 999:1008 arg1 scaffolds 989:997 porous PCL scaffolds 978:997 porous PCL scaffolds containing HA or BP 978:1017 Micro-CT analysis and scanning electron microscopy evidenced that porous PCL scaffolds containing HA or BP acquire a trabecular bone-like structure with interconnected pores homogenously distributed and are characterized by a pore diameter of approximately 10 µm (PCL-AT-BP) or ranging from 10 to 100 µm. 25319350 1 70 theme congenital 232:241 arg1 malformations 243:255 congenital malformations 232:255 congenital malformations 232:255 Synthetic biomaterials combined with cells and osteogenic factors represent a promising approach for the treatment of a number of orthopedic diseases, such as bone trauma and congenital malformations. 25319350 6 71 theme BP 1370:1371 arg1 crucial 1377:1383 crucial 1377:1383 crucial 1377:1383 Although the porosity grade of both PCL-AT-HA and PCL-AT-BP promoted optimal conditions for the cell growth of rMSCs at the early phase, the presence of BP was crucial to prolong the cell viability at the late phase. 25319350 6 71 theme BP 1370:1371 arg1 presence 1358:1365 the presence 1354:1365 the presence of BP 1354:1371 Although the porosity grade of both PCL-AT-HA and PCL-AT-BP promoted optimal conditions for the cell growth of rMSCs at the early phase, the presence of BP was crucial to prolong the cell viability at the late phase. 25319350 7 72 theme precocious 1446:1455 arg1 expression 1457:1466 a precocious expression 1444:1466 a precocious expression of Runx2 (at 7 days) 1444:1487 Moreover, a precocious expression of Runx2 (at 7 days) was observed in PCL-AT-BP in combination with osteogenic soluble factors suggesting that BP controls better than HA the osteogenic maturation process in bone substitutes. 25319350 1 73 theme Synthetic 57:65 arg1 biomaterials 67:78 Synthetic biomaterials 57:78 Synthetic biomaterials combined with cells and osteogenic factors 57:121 Synthetic biomaterials combined with cells and osteogenic factors represent a promising approach for the treatment of a number of orthopedic diseases, such as bone trauma and congenital malformations. 25319350 2 74 theme functional 371:380 arg1 structure 342:350 3D structure 339:350 3D structure 339:350 To guarantee optimal biological properties, bone substitutes are prepared with a 3D structure and porosity grade functional to drive cell migration and proliferation, diffusion of factors, vascularization and cell waste expulsion. 25319350 7 75 theme Runx2 1471:1475 arg1 expression 1457:1466 a precocious expression 1444:1466 a precocious expression of Runx2 (at 7 days) 1444:1487 Moreover, a precocious expression of Runx2 (at 7 days) was observed in PCL-AT-BP in combination with osteogenic soluble factors suggesting that BP controls better than HA the osteogenic maturation process in bone substitutes. 26823186 0 0 theme reductive 100:108 arg1 amination 110:118 reductive amination 100:118 reductive amination 100:118 Influenza-binding sialylated polymer coated gold nanoparticles prepared via RAFT polymerization and reductive amination. 26823186 1 1 theme bioactive 174:182 arg1 nanoparticles 202:214 bioactive glycosylated gold nanoparticles 174:214 bioactive glycosylated gold nanoparticles 174:214 We report on a straightforward strategy to fabricate bioactive glycosylated gold nanoparticles via a combination of RAFT polymerization, carbohydrate ligation through reductive amination and thiol-gold self-assembly. 26823186 1 2 theme reductive 288:296 arg1 amination 298:306 reductive amination 288:306 reductive amination 288:306 We report on a straightforward strategy to fabricate bioactive glycosylated gold nanoparticles via a combination of RAFT polymerization, carbohydrate ligation through reductive amination and thiol-gold self-assembly. 26823186 1 3 theme glycosylated 184:195 arg1 nanoparticles 202:214 bioactive glycosylated gold nanoparticles 174:214 bioactive glycosylated gold nanoparticles 174:214 We report on a straightforward strategy to fabricate bioactive glycosylated gold nanoparticles via a combination of RAFT polymerization, carbohydrate ligation through reductive amination and thiol-gold self-assembly. 26823186 2 4 theme influenza 591:599 arg1 virus 601:605 the influenza virus 587:605 the influenza virus 587:605 This approach is used for the design of gold nanoparticles decorated with the complex sialylated glycan Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal, and we demonstrate multivalent and specific recognition between the nanoparticles, lectins and hemagglutinin on the surface of the influenza virus. 26823186 2 5 from recognition 504:514 arg1 surface 576:582 the surface 572:582 the surface of the influenza virus 572:605 This approach is used for the design of gold nanoparticles decorated with the complex sialylated glycan Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal, and we demonstrate multivalent and specific recognition between the nanoparticles, lectins and hemagglutinin on the surface of the influenza virus. 26823186 1 6 theme thiol-gold 312:321 arg1 self-assembly 323:335 thiol-gold self-assembly 312:335 thiol-gold self-assembly 312:335 We report on a straightforward strategy to fabricate bioactive glycosylated gold nanoparticles via a combination of RAFT polymerization, carbohydrate ligation through reductive amination and thiol-gold self-assembly. 26823186 1 7 theme gold 197:200 arg1 nanoparticles 202:214 bioactive glycosylated gold nanoparticles 174:214 bioactive glycosylated gold nanoparticles 174:214 We report on a straightforward strategy to fabricate bioactive glycosylated gold nanoparticles via a combination of RAFT polymerization, carbohydrate ligation through reductive amination and thiol-gold self-assembly. 26823186 0 8 theme sialylated 18:27 arg1 polymer 29:35 Influenza-binding sialylated polymer 0:35 Influenza-binding sialylated polymer 0:35 Influenza-binding sialylated polymer coated gold nanoparticles prepared via RAFT polymerization and reductive amination. 26823186 2 9 gly sialylated 424:433 arg1 Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal 442:457 the complex sialylated glycan Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal 412:457 the complex sialylated glycan Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal 412:457 This approach is used for the design of gold nanoparticles decorated with the complex sialylated glycan Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal, and we demonstrate multivalent and specific recognition between the nanoparticles, lectins and hemagglutinin on the surface of the influenza virus. 26823186 2 10 theme glycan 435:440 arg1 Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal 442:457 the complex sialylated glycan Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal 412:457 the complex sialylated glycan Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal 412:457 This approach is used for the design of gold nanoparticles decorated with the complex sialylated glycan Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal, and we demonstrate multivalent and specific recognition between the nanoparticles, lectins and hemagglutinin on the surface of the influenza virus. 26823186 0 11 theme Influenza-binding 0:16 arg1 polymer 29:35 Influenza-binding sialylated polymer 0:35 Influenza-binding sialylated polymer 0:35 Influenza-binding sialylated polymer coated gold nanoparticles prepared via RAFT polymerization and reductive amination. 26823186 1 12 theme self-assembly 323:335 arg1 combination 222:232 a combination 220:232 a combination of RAFT polymerization, carbohydrate ligation through reductive amination and thiol-gold self-assembly 220:335 We report on a straightforward strategy to fabricate bioactive glycosylated gold nanoparticles via a combination of RAFT polymerization, carbohydrate ligation through reductive amination and thiol-gold self-assembly. 26823186 2 13 theme sialylated 424:433 arg1 Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal 442:457 the complex sialylated glycan Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal 412:457 the complex sialylated glycan Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal 412:457 This approach is used for the design of gold nanoparticles decorated with the complex sialylated glycan Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal, and we demonstrate multivalent and specific recognition between the nanoparticles, lectins and hemagglutinin on the surface of the influenza virus. 26823186 2 14 theme specific 495:502 arg1 recognition 504:514 multivalent and specific recognition 479:514 multivalent and specific recognition between the nanoparticles, lectins and hemagglutinin on the surface of the influenza virus 479:605 This approach is used for the design of gold nanoparticles decorated with the complex sialylated glycan Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal, and we demonstrate multivalent and specific recognition between the nanoparticles, lectins and hemagglutinin on the surface of the influenza virus. 26823186 2 15 theme multivalent 479:489 arg1 recognition 504:514 multivalent and specific recognition 479:514 multivalent and specific recognition between the nanoparticles, lectins and hemagglutinin on the surface of the influenza virus 479:605 This approach is used for the design of gold nanoparticles decorated with the complex sialylated glycan Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal, and we demonstrate multivalent and specific recognition between the nanoparticles, lectins and hemagglutinin on the surface of the influenza virus. 26823186 1 16 theme RAFT 237:240 arg1 polymerization 242:255 RAFT polymerization 237:255 RAFT polymerization 237:255 We report on a straightforward strategy to fabricate bioactive glycosylated gold nanoparticles via a combination of RAFT polymerization, carbohydrate ligation through reductive amination and thiol-gold self-assembly. 26823186 0 17 theme gold 44:47 arg1 nanoparticles 49:61 gold nanoparticles 44:61 gold nanoparticles prepared via RAFT polymerization and reductive amination 44:118 Influenza-binding sialylated polymer coated gold nanoparticles prepared via RAFT polymerization and reductive amination. 26823186 2 18 theme virus 601:605 arg1 surface 576:582 the surface 572:582 the surface of the influenza virus 572:605 This approach is used for the design of gold nanoparticles decorated with the complex sialylated glycan Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal, and we demonstrate multivalent and specific recognition between the nanoparticles, lectins and hemagglutinin on the surface of the influenza virus. 26823186 0 19 gly sialylated 18:27 arg1 polymer 29:35 Influenza-binding sialylated polymer 0:35 Influenza-binding sialylated polymer 0:35 Influenza-binding sialylated polymer coated gold nanoparticles prepared via RAFT polymerization and reductive amination. 26823186 1 20 theme polymerization 242:255 arg1 combination 222:232 a combination 220:232 a combination of RAFT polymerization, carbohydrate ligation through reductive amination and thiol-gold self-assembly 220:335 We report on a straightforward strategy to fabricate bioactive glycosylated gold nanoparticles via a combination of RAFT polymerization, carbohydrate ligation through reductive amination and thiol-gold self-assembly. 26823186 2 21 theme nanoparticles 383:395 arg1 design 368:373 the design 364:373 the design of gold nanoparticles decorated with the complex sialylated glycan Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal 364:457 This approach is used for the design of gold nanoparticles decorated with the complex sialylated glycan Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal, and we demonstrate multivalent and specific recognition between the nanoparticles, lectins and hemagglutinin on the surface of the influenza virus. 26823186 2 22 theme gold 378:381 arg1 nanoparticles 383:395 gold nanoparticles 378:395 gold nanoparticles decorated with the complex sialylated glycan Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal 378:457 This approach is used for the design of gold nanoparticles decorated with the complex sialylated glycan Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal, and we demonstrate multivalent and specific recognition between the nanoparticles, lectins and hemagglutinin on the surface of the influenza virus. 26823186 1 23 gly glycosylated 184:195 arg1 nanoparticles 202:214 bioactive glycosylated gold nanoparticles 174:214 bioactive glycosylated gold nanoparticles 174:214 We report on a straightforward strategy to fabricate bioactive glycosylated gold nanoparticles via a combination of RAFT polymerization, carbohydrate ligation through reductive amination and thiol-gold self-assembly. 26823186 1 24 theme straightforward 136:150 arg1 strategy 152:159 a straightforward strategy 134:159 a straightforward strategy to fabricate bioactive glycosylated gold nanoparticles via a combination of RAFT polymerization, carbohydrate ligation through reductive amination and thiol-gold self-assembly 134:335 We report on a straightforward strategy to fabricate bioactive glycosylated gold nanoparticles via a combination of RAFT polymerization, carbohydrate ligation through reductive amination and thiol-gold self-assembly. 26823186 2 25 used used 355:358 arg2 approach 343:350 This approach 338:350 This approach 338:350 This approach is used for the design of gold nanoparticles decorated with the complex sialylated glycan Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal, and we demonstrate multivalent and specific recognition between the nanoparticles, lectins and hemagglutinin on the surface of the influenza virus. 26823186 2 26 dep sialylated 424:433 arg1 complex 416:422 complex 416:422 complex 416:422 This approach is used for the design of gold nanoparticles decorated with the complex sialylated glycan Neu5Ac-α-2-6-Gal, and we demonstrate multivalent and specific recognition between the nanoparticles, lectins and hemagglutinin on the surface of the influenza virus. 26823186 1 27 theme carbohydrate 258:269 arg1 ligation 271:278 carbohydrate ligation 258:278 carbohydrate ligation through reductive amination 258:306 We report on a straightforward strategy to fabricate bioactive glycosylated gold nanoparticles via a combination of RAFT polymerization, carbohydrate ligation through reductive amination and thiol-gold self-assembly. 26823186 1 28 theme ligation 271:278 arg1 combination 222:232 a combination 220:232 a combination of RAFT polymerization, carbohydrate ligation through reductive amination and thiol-gold self-assembly 220:335 We report on a straightforward strategy to fabricate bioactive glycosylated gold nanoparticles via a combination of RAFT polymerization, carbohydrate ligation through reductive amination and thiol-gold self-assembly. 26823186 0 29 theme RAFT 76:79 arg1 polymerization 81:94 RAFT polymerization 76:94 RAFT polymerization 76:94 Influenza-binding sialylated polymer coated gold nanoparticles prepared via RAFT polymerization and reductive amination. 24708894 3 0 theme flavor 669:674 arg1 compounds 676:684 flavor compounds 669:684 flavor compounds 669:684 Hence, this study was conducted to formulate emulsion-based beverage using natural food emulsifiers and to understand the interactions between emulsion compositions and flavor compounds. 24708894 6 1 theme protein 1240:1246 arg1 WPI 1257:1259 WPI 1257:1259 WPI 1257:1259 Interface formed using modified starch and whey protein isolate (WPI) proved to be capable of inhibiting the release of volatile flavor compounds from the oil to the aqueous phase. 24708894 6 1 theme protein 1240:1246 arg1 isolate 1248:1254 whey protein isolate 1235:1254 whey protein isolate (WPI) 1235:1260 Interface formed using modified starch and whey protein isolate (WPI) proved to be capable of inhibiting the release of volatile flavor compounds from the oil to the aqueous phase. 24708894 7 2 theme flavor 1414:1419 arg1 release 1421:1427 the overall flavor release 1402:1427 the overall flavor release 1402:1427 Modified starch could retard the overall flavor release through its hydrophobic interactions with volatile flavor compounds and viscosity enhancement effect. 24708894 4 3 theme water 806:810 arg1 influences 699:708 The influences 695:708 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds 687:897 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 2 4 from stability 309:317 arg1 product 347:353 food product 342:353 food product 342:353 However, the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product has been a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins). 24708894 11 5 theme release 2162:2168 arg1 profile 2170:2176 desirable flavor release profile 2145:2176 desirable flavor release profile 2145:2176 These studies will be useful for the manufacturers for the formulation of an optimum beverage emulsion with desirable emulsion properties and desirable flavor release profile. 24708894 6 6 theme modified 1215:1222 arg1 starch 1224:1229 modified starch 1215:1229 modified starch 1215:1229 Interface formed using modified starch and whey protein isolate (WPI) proved to be capable of inhibiting the release of volatile flavor compounds from the oil to the aqueous phase. 24708894 11 7 theme desirable 2111:2119 arg1 properties 2130:2139 desirable emulsion properties 2111:2139 desirable emulsion properties 2111:2139 These studies will be useful for the manufacturers for the formulation of an optimum beverage emulsion with desirable emulsion properties and desirable flavor release profile. 24708894 7 8 with interactions 1453:1464 arg1 effect 1523:1528 viscosity enhancement effect 1501:1528 viscosity enhancement effect 1501:1528 Modified starch could retard the overall flavor release through its hydrophobic interactions with volatile flavor compounds and viscosity enhancement effect. 24708894 7 8 with interactions 1453:1464 arg1 compounds 1487:1495 volatile flavor compounds 1471:1495 volatile flavor compounds 1471:1495 Modified starch could retard the overall flavor release through its hydrophobic interactions with volatile flavor compounds and viscosity enhancement effect. 24708894 1 9 theme flavor 173:178 arg1 compounds 180:188 flavor compounds 173:188 flavor compounds 173:188 BACKGROUND Perceptions of food products start when flavor compounds are released from foods, transported and appropriate senses in the oral and nose are triggered. 24708894 4 10 with four-component 922:935 arg1 vertices 962:969 constrained extreme vertices 942:969 constrained extreme vertices 942:969 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 10 11 theme complex 1901:1907 arg1 interactions 1909:1920 the complex interactions 1897:1920 the complex interactions between key food components and volatile flavor compounds 1897:1978 CONCLUSIONS Overall, the mixture design can be practical in elucidating the complex interactions between key food components and volatile flavor compounds in an emulsion system. 24708894 0 12 theme compounds 111:119 arg1 concentration 79:91 equilibrium headspace concentration 57:91 equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds 57:119 The effect of prime emulsion components as a function of equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds. 24708894 4 13 theme headspace 838:846 arg1 concentration 848:860 the equilibrium headspace concentration 822:860 the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds 822:897 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 10 14 theme food 1934:1937 arg1 components 1939:1948 key food components 1930:1948 key food components 1930:1948 CONCLUSIONS Overall, the mixture design can be practical in elucidating the complex interactions between key food components and volatile flavor compounds in an emulsion system. 24708894 11 15 theme beverage 2088:2095 arg1 emulsion 2097:2104 an optimum beverage emulsion 2077:2104 an optimum beverage emulsion with desirable emulsion properties and desirable flavor release profile 2077:2176 These studies will be useful for the manufacturers for the formulation of an optimum beverage emulsion with desirable emulsion properties and desirable flavor release profile. 24708894 1 16 from senses 243:248 arg1 nose 266:269 nose 266:269 nose 266:269 BACKGROUND Perceptions of food products start when flavor compounds are released from foods, transported and appropriate senses in the oral and nose are triggered. 24708894 1 16 from senses 243:248 arg1 oral 257:260 oral 257:260 oral 257:260 BACKGROUND Perceptions of food products start when flavor compounds are released from foods, transported and appropriate senses in the oral and nose are triggered. 24708894 6 17 from oil 1347:1349 arg1 release 1301:1307 the release 1297:1307 the release of volatile flavor compounds from the oil to the aqueous phase 1297:1370 Interface formed using modified starch and whey protein isolate (WPI) proved to be capable of inhibiting the release of volatile flavor compounds from the oil to the aqueous phase. 24708894 3 18 theme emulsion-based 545:558 arg1 beverage 560:567 emulsion-based beverage 545:567 emulsion-based beverage using natural food emulsifiers 545:598 Hence, this study was conducted to formulate emulsion-based beverage using natural food emulsifiers and to understand the interactions between emulsion compositions and flavor compounds. 24708894 4 19 theme modified 713:720 arg1 x 730:730 x 1 730:732 x 1 730:732 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 4 19 theme modified 713:720 arg1 starch 722:727 modified starch 713:727 modified starch (x 1 ) 713:734 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 10 20 theme flavor 1963:1968 arg1 compounds 1970:1978 volatile flavor compounds 1954:1978 volatile flavor compounds 1954:1978 CONCLUSIONS Overall, the mixture design can be practical in elucidating the complex interactions between key food components and volatile flavor compounds in an emulsion system. 24708894 9 21 theme flavor 1736:1741 arg1 release 1743:1749 the flavor release 1732:1749 the flavor release of flavor compounds 1732:1769 However, both modified starch and WPI showed to be a much more effective barrier in inhibiting the flavor release of flavor compounds when used as individual emulsifier than as a mixture. 24708894 4 22 theme compounds 889:897 arg1 concentration 848:860 the equilibrium headspace concentration 822:860 the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds 822:897 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 6 23 theme compounds 1328:1336 arg1 release 1301:1307 the release 1297:1307 the release of volatile flavor compounds from the oil to the aqueous phase 1297:1370 Interface formed using modified starch and whey protein isolate (WPI) proved to be capable of inhibiting the release of volatile flavor compounds from the oil to the aqueous phase. 24708894 5 24 theme flavor 1065:1070 arg1 compounds 1072:1080 soursop flavor compounds 1057:1080 soursop flavor compounds 1057:1080 The results indicated that the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by the matrix and structural compositions of the beverage emulsions. 24708894 3 25 theme food 583:586 arg1 emulsifiers 588:598 natural food emulsifiers 575:598 natural food emulsifiers 575:598 Hence, this study was conducted to formulate emulsion-based beverage using natural food emulsifiers and to understand the interactions between emulsion compositions and flavor compounds. 24708894 1 26 theme food 148:151 arg1 products 153:160 food products 148:160 food products 148:160 BACKGROUND Perceptions of food products start when flavor compounds are released from foods, transported and appropriate senses in the oral and nose are triggered. 24708894 11 27 theme flavor 2155:2160 arg1 profile 2170:2176 desirable flavor release profile 2145:2176 desirable flavor release profile 2145:2176 These studies will be useful for the manufacturers for the formulation of an optimum beverage emulsion with desirable emulsion properties and desirable flavor release profile. 24708894 10 28 theme emulsion 1986:1993 arg1 system 1995:2000 an emulsion system 1983:2000 an emulsion system 1983:2000 CONCLUSIONS Overall, the mixture design can be practical in elucidating the complex interactions between key food components and volatile flavor compounds in an emulsion system. 24708894 0 29 theme equilibrium 57:67 arg1 concentration 79:91 equilibrium headspace concentration 57:91 equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds 57:119 The effect of prime emulsion components as a function of equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds. 24708894 0 30 theme concentration 79:91 arg1 function 45:52 a function 43:52 a function of equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds 43:119 The effect of prime emulsion components as a function of equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds. 24708894 5 31 theme headspace 1030:1038 arg1 concentration 1040:1052 the equilibrium headspace concentration 1014:1052 the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds 1014:1080 The results indicated that the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by the matrix and structural compositions of the beverage emulsions. 24708894 7 32 theme enhancement 1511:1521 arg1 effect 1523:1528 viscosity enhancement effect 1501:1528 viscosity enhancement effect 1501:1528 Modified starch could retard the overall flavor release through its hydrophobic interactions with volatile flavor compounds and viscosity enhancement effect. 24708894 4 33 theme volatile 873:880 arg1 compounds 889:897 soursop volatile flavor compounds 865:897 soursop volatile flavor compounds 865:897 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 4 34 theme protein 742:748 arg1 x 759:759 x 2 759:761 x 2 759:761 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 4 34 theme protein 742:748 arg1 isolate 750:756 whey protein isolate 737:756 whey protein isolate (x 2 ) 737:763 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 0 35 theme soursop 96:102 arg1 compounds 111:119 soursop flavor compounds 96:119 soursop flavor compounds 96:119 The effect of prime emulsion components as a function of equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds. 24708894 9 36 theme compounds 1761:1769 arg1 release 1743:1749 the flavor release 1732:1749 the flavor release of flavor compounds 1732:1769 However, both modified starch and WPI showed to be a much more effective barrier in inhibiting the flavor release of flavor compounds when used as individual emulsifier than as a mixture. 24708894 4 37 theme extreme 954:960 arg1 vertices 962:969 constrained extreme vertices 942:969 constrained extreme vertices 942:969 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 4 38 theme mixture 971:977 arg1 design 979:984 a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design 920:984 a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design 920:984 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 5 39 dep significantly 1087:1099 arg1 p < 0.05 1102:1109 p < 0.05 1102:1109 p < 0.05 1102:1109 The results indicated that the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by the matrix and structural compositions of the beverage emulsions. 24708894 6 40 theme aqueous 1358:1364 arg1 phase 1366:1370 the aqueous phase 1354:1370 the aqueous phase 1354:1370 Interface formed using modified starch and whey protein isolate (WPI) proved to be capable of inhibiting the release of volatile flavor compounds from the oil to the aqueous phase. 24708894 5 41 theme matrix 1130:1135 arg1 compositions 1152:1163 the matrix and structural compositions 1126:1163 the matrix and structural compositions of the beverage emulsions 1126:1189 The results indicated that the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by the matrix and structural compositions of the beverage emulsions. 24708894 2 42 dep polysaccharides 469:483 arg1 e.g. 463:466 e.g. 463:466 e.g. 463:466 However, the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product has been a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins). 24708894 2 43 theme food 445:448 arg1 ingredients 450:460 key food ingredients 441:460 key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins) 441:497 However, the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product has been a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins). 24708894 0 44 theme emulsion 20:27 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of prime emulsion 0:27 The effect of prime emulsion components as a function of equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds. 24708894 11 45 theme desirable 2145:2153 arg1 profile 2170:2176 desirable flavor release profile 2145:2176 desirable flavor release profile 2145:2176 These studies will be useful for the manufacturers for the formulation of an optimum beverage emulsion with desirable emulsion properties and desirable flavor release profile. 24708894 7 46 theme volatile 1471:1478 arg1 compounds 1487:1495 volatile flavor compounds 1471:1495 volatile flavor compounds 1471:1495 Modified starch could retard the overall flavor release through its hydrophobic interactions with volatile flavor compounds and viscosity enhancement effect. 24708894 11 47 theme emulsion 2121:2128 arg1 properties 2130:2139 desirable emulsion properties 2111:2139 desirable emulsion properties 2111:2139 These studies will be useful for the manufacturers for the formulation of an optimum beverage emulsion with desirable emulsion properties and desirable flavor release profile. 24708894 8 48 theme Excessive 1531:1539 arg1 amount 1541:1546 Excessive amount 1531:1546 Excessive amount of modified starch 1531:1565 Excessive amount of modified starch was also shown to be detrimental to the stability of emulsion system. 24708894 8 48 theme Excessive 1531:1539 arg1 starch 1560:1565 modified starch 1551:1565 modified starch 1551:1565 Excessive amount of modified starch was also shown to be detrimental to the stability of emulsion system. 24708894 4 49 theme flavor 774:779 arg1 x 786:786 x 3 786:788 x 3 786:788 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 4 49 theme flavor 774:779 arg1 oil 781:783 soursop flavor oil 766:783 soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) 766:790 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 2 50 theme compounds 329:337 arg1 stability 309:317 the long-term stability 295:317 the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product 295:353 However, the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product has been a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins). 24708894 2 50 theme compounds 329:337 arg1 concern 372:378 a major concern 364:378 a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins) 364:497 However, the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product has been a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins). 24708894 2 51 dep ingredients 450:460 arg1 proteins 489:496 proteins 489:496 proteins 489:496 However, the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product has been a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins). 24708894 2 51 dep ingredients 450:460 arg1 polysaccharides 469:483 polysaccharides 469:483 polysaccharides 469:483 However, the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product has been a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins). 24708894 11 52 theme optimum 2080:2086 arg1 emulsion 2097:2104 an optimum beverage emulsion 2077:2104 an optimum beverage emulsion with desirable emulsion properties and desirable flavor release profile 2077:2176 These studies will be useful for the manufacturers for the formulation of an optimum beverage emulsion with desirable emulsion properties and desirable flavor release profile. 24708894 2 53 from concern 372:378 arg1 industry 392:399 the food industry 383:399 the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins) 383:497 However, the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product has been a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins). 24708894 9 54 theme individual 1784:1793 arg1 emulsifier 1795:1804 individual emulsifier 1784:1804 individual emulsifier than as a mixture 1784:1822 However, both modified starch and WPI showed to be a much more effective barrier in inhibiting the flavor release of flavor compounds when used as individual emulsifier than as a mixture. 24708894 11 55 theme emulsion 2097:2104 arg1 formulation 2062:2072 the formulation 2058:2072 the formulation of an optimum beverage emulsion with desirable emulsion properties and desirable flavor release profile 2058:2176 These studies will be useful for the manufacturers for the formulation of an optimum beverage emulsion with desirable emulsion properties and desirable flavor release profile. 24708894 5 56 theme beverage 1172:1179 arg1 emulsions 1181:1189 the beverage emulsions 1168:1189 the beverage emulsions 1168:1189 The results indicated that the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by the matrix and structural compositions of the beverage emulsions. 24708894 8 57 theme starch 1560:1565 arg1 amount 1541:1546 Excessive amount 1531:1546 Excessive amount of modified starch 1531:1565 Excessive amount of modified starch was also shown to be detrimental to the stability of emulsion system. 24708894 8 57 theme starch 1560:1565 arg1 starch 1560:1565 modified starch 1551:1565 modified starch 1551:1565 Excessive amount of modified starch was also shown to be detrimental to the stability of emulsion system. 24708894 3 58 theme emulsion 643:650 arg1 compositions 652:663 emulsion compositions 643:663 emulsion compositions 643:663 Hence, this study was conducted to formulate emulsion-based beverage using natural food emulsifiers and to understand the interactions between emulsion compositions and flavor compounds. 24708894 1 59 dep released 194:201 arg1 transported 215:225 transported 215:225 transported 215:225 BACKGROUND Perceptions of food products start when flavor compounds are released from foods, transported and appropriate senses in the oral and nose are triggered. 24708894 1 60 theme appropriate 231:241 arg1 senses 243:248 appropriate senses 231:248 appropriate senses in the oral and nose 231:269 BACKGROUND Perceptions of food products start when flavor compounds are released from foods, transported and appropriate senses in the oral and nose are triggered. 24708894 6 61 theme flavor 1321:1326 arg1 compounds 1328:1336 volatile flavor compounds 1312:1336 volatile flavor compounds 1312:1336 Interface formed using modified starch and whey protein isolate (WPI) proved to be capable of inhibiting the release of volatile flavor compounds from the oil to the aqueous phase. 24708894 2 62 theme food 342:345 arg1 product 347:353 food product 342:353 food product 342:353 However, the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product has been a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins). 24708894 8 63 theme system 1629:1634 arg1 stability 1607:1615 the stability 1603:1615 the stability of emulsion system 1603:1634 Excessive amount of modified starch was also shown to be detrimental to the stability of emulsion system. 24708894 5 64 theme structural 1141:1150 arg1 compositions 1152:1163 the matrix and structural compositions 1126:1163 the matrix and structural compositions of the beverage emulsions 1126:1189 The results indicated that the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by the matrix and structural compositions of the beverage emulsions. 24708894 7 65 theme overall 1406:1412 arg1 release 1421:1427 the overall flavor release 1402:1427 the overall flavor release 1402:1427 Modified starch could retard the overall flavor release through its hydrophobic interactions with volatile flavor compounds and viscosity enhancement effect. 24708894 6 66 theme whey 1235:1238 arg1 WPI 1257:1259 WPI 1257:1259 WPI 1257:1259 Interface formed using modified starch and whey protein isolate (WPI) proved to be capable of inhibiting the release of volatile flavor compounds from the oil to the aqueous phase. 24708894 6 66 theme whey 1235:1238 arg1 isolate 1248:1254 whey protein isolate 1235:1254 whey protein isolate (WPI) 1235:1260 Interface formed using modified starch and whey protein isolate (WPI) proved to be capable of inhibiting the release of volatile flavor compounds from the oil to the aqueous phase. 24708894 4 67 theme deionized 796:804 arg1 x 813:813 x 4 813:815 x 4 813:815 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 4 67 theme deionized 796:804 arg1 water 806:810 deionized water 796:810 deionized water (x 4 ) 796:817 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 7 68 theme Modified 1373:1380 arg1 starch 1382:1387 Modified starch 1373:1387 Modified starch 1373:1387 Modified starch could retard the overall flavor release through its hydrophobic interactions with volatile flavor compounds and viscosity enhancement effect. 24708894 4 69 theme oil 781:783 arg1 influences 699:708 The influences 695:708 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds 687:897 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 6 70 theme volatile 1312:1319 arg1 compounds 1328:1336 volatile flavor compounds 1312:1336 volatile flavor compounds 1312:1336 Interface formed using modified starch and whey protein isolate (WPI) proved to be capable of inhibiting the release of volatile flavor compounds from the oil to the aqueous phase. 24708894 2 71 theme long-term 299:307 arg1 stability 309:317 the long-term stability 295:317 the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product 295:353 However, the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product has been a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins). 24708894 2 71 theme long-term 299:307 arg1 concern 372:378 a major concern 364:378 a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins) 364:497 However, the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product has been a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins). 24708894 11 72 with emulsion 2097:2104 arg1 profile 2170:2176 desirable flavor release profile 2145:2176 desirable flavor release profile 2145:2176 These studies will be useful for the manufacturers for the formulation of an optimum beverage emulsion with desirable emulsion properties and desirable flavor release profile. 24708894 11 72 with emulsion 2097:2104 arg1 properties 2130:2139 desirable emulsion properties 2111:2139 desirable emulsion properties 2111:2139 These studies will be useful for the manufacturers for the formulation of an optimum beverage emulsion with desirable emulsion properties and desirable flavor release profile. 24708894 9 73 theme modified 1651:1658 arg1 starch 1660:1665 modified starch 1651:1665 modified starch 1651:1665 However, both modified starch and WPI showed to be a much more effective barrier in inhibiting the flavor release of flavor compounds when used as individual emulsifier than as a mixture. 24708894 9 73 theme modified 1651:1658 arg1 WPI 1671:1673 WPI 1671:1673 WPI 1671:1673 However, both modified starch and WPI showed to be a much more effective barrier in inhibiting the flavor release of flavor compounds when used as individual emulsifier than as a mixture. 24708894 9 73 theme modified 1651:1658 arg1 barrier 1710:1716 a much more effective barrier 1688:1716 a much more effective barrier 1688:1716 However, both modified starch and WPI showed to be a much more effective barrier in inhibiting the flavor release of flavor compounds when used as individual emulsifier than as a mixture. 24708894 4 74 theme equilibrium 826:836 arg1 concentration 848:860 the equilibrium headspace concentration 822:860 the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds 822:897 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 9 75 theme flavor 1754:1759 arg1 compounds 1761:1769 flavor compounds 1754:1769 flavor compounds 1754:1769 However, both modified starch and WPI showed to be a much more effective barrier in inhibiting the flavor release of flavor compounds when used as individual emulsifier than as a mixture. 24708894 5 76 theme equilibrium 1018:1028 arg1 concentration 1040:1052 the equilibrium headspace concentration 1014:1052 the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds 1014:1080 The results indicated that the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by the matrix and structural compositions of the beverage emulsions. 24708894 1 77 theme BACKGROUND 122:131 arg1 Perceptions 133:143 BACKGROUND Perceptions 122:143 BACKGROUND Perceptions of food products 122:160 BACKGROUND Perceptions of food products start when flavor compounds are released from foods, transported and appropriate senses in the oral and nose are triggered. 24708894 10 78 theme volatile 1954:1961 arg1 compounds 1970:1978 volatile flavor compounds 1954:1978 volatile flavor compounds 1954:1978 CONCLUSIONS Overall, the mixture design can be practical in elucidating the complex interactions between key food components and volatile flavor compounds in an emulsion system. 24708894 3 79 theme natural 575:581 arg1 emulsifiers 588:598 natural food emulsifiers 575:598 natural food emulsifiers 575:598 Hence, this study was conducted to formulate emulsion-based beverage using natural food emulsifiers and to understand the interactions between emulsion compositions and flavor compounds. 24708894 4 80 theme flavor 882:887 arg1 compounds 889:897 soursop volatile flavor compounds 865:897 soursop volatile flavor compounds 865:897 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 0 81 theme headspace 69:77 arg1 concentration 79:91 equilibrium headspace concentration 57:91 equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds 57:119 The effect of prime emulsion components as a function of equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds. 24708894 5 82 theme compounds 1072:1080 arg1 concentration 1040:1052 the equilibrium headspace concentration 1014:1052 the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds 1014:1080 The results indicated that the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by the matrix and structural compositions of the beverage emulsions. 24708894 1 83 theme products 153:160 arg1 Perceptions 133:143 BACKGROUND Perceptions 122:143 BACKGROUND Perceptions of food products 122:160 BACKGROUND Perceptions of food products start when flavor compounds are released from foods, transported and appropriate senses in the oral and nose are triggered. 24708894 9 84 theme effective 1700:1708 arg1 starch 1660:1665 modified starch 1651:1665 modified starch 1651:1665 However, both modified starch and WPI showed to be a much more effective barrier in inhibiting the flavor release of flavor compounds when used as individual emulsifier than as a mixture. 24708894 9 84 theme effective 1700:1708 arg1 WPI 1671:1673 WPI 1671:1673 WPI 1671:1673 However, both modified starch and WPI showed to be a much more effective barrier in inhibiting the flavor release of flavor compounds when used as individual emulsifier than as a mixture. 24708894 9 84 theme effective 1700:1708 arg1 barrier 1710:1716 a much more effective barrier 1688:1716 a much more effective barrier 1688:1716 However, both modified starch and WPI showed to be a much more effective barrier in inhibiting the flavor release of flavor compounds when used as individual emulsifier than as a mixture. 24708894 4 85 dep RESULTS 687:693 arg1 influences 699:708 The influences 695:708 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds 687:897 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 7 86 theme viscosity 1501:1509 arg1 effect 1523:1528 viscosity enhancement effect 1501:1528 viscosity enhancement effect 1501:1528 Modified starch could retard the overall flavor release through its hydrophobic interactions with volatile flavor compounds and viscosity enhancement effect. 24708894 0 87 theme flavor 104:109 arg1 compounds 111:119 soursop flavor compounds 96:119 soursop flavor compounds 96:119 The effect of prime emulsion components as a function of equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds. 24708894 4 88 from influences 699:708 arg1 concentration 848:860 the equilibrium headspace concentration 822:860 the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds 822:897 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 4 89 theme soursop 865:871 arg1 compounds 889:897 soursop volatile flavor compounds 865:897 soursop volatile flavor compounds 865:897 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 4 90 theme whey 737:740 arg1 x 759:759 x 2 759:761 x 2 759:761 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 4 90 theme whey 737:740 arg1 isolate 750:756 whey protein isolate 737:756 whey protein isolate (x 2 ) 737:763 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 2 91 theme major 366:370 arg1 stability 309:317 the long-term stability 295:317 the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product 295:353 However, the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product has been a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins). 24708894 2 91 theme major 366:370 arg1 concern 372:378 a major concern 364:378 a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins) 364:497 However, the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product has been a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins). 24708894 5 92 theme soursop 1057:1063 arg1 compounds 1072:1080 soursop flavor compounds 1057:1080 soursop flavor compounds 1057:1080 The results indicated that the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by the matrix and structural compositions of the beverage emulsions. 24708894 4 93 theme constrained 942:952 arg1 vertices 962:969 constrained extreme vertices 942:969 constrained extreme vertices 942:969 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 4 94 theme starch 722:727 arg1 influences 699:708 The influences 695:708 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds 687:897 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 0 95 theme prime 14:18 arg1 emulsion 20:27 prime emulsion 14:27 prime emulsion 14:27 The effect of prime emulsion components as a function of equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds. 24708894 2 96 theme due 401:403 arg1 industry 392:399 the food industry 383:399 the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins) 383:497 However, the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product has been a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins). 24708894 2 97 theme food 387:390 arg1 industry 392:399 the food industry 383:399 the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins) 383:497 However, the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product has been a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins). 24708894 2 98 theme key 441:443 arg1 ingredients 450:460 key food ingredients 441:460 key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins) 441:497 However, the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product has been a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins). 24708894 7 99 theme flavor 1480:1485 arg1 compounds 1487:1495 volatile flavor compounds 1471:1495 volatile flavor compounds 1471:1495 Modified starch could retard the overall flavor release through its hydrophobic interactions with volatile flavor compounds and viscosity enhancement effect. 24708894 4 100 theme four-component 922:935 arg1 design 979:984 a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design 920:984 a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design 920:984 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 8 101 theme modified 1551:1558 arg1 starch 1560:1565 modified starch 1551:1565 modified starch 1551:1565 Excessive amount of modified starch was also shown to be detrimental to the stability of emulsion system. 24708894 4 102 theme soursop 766:772 arg1 x 786:786 x 3 786:788 x 3 786:788 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 4 102 theme soursop 766:772 arg1 oil 781:783 soursop flavor oil 766:783 soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) 766:790 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 2 103 theme flavor 322:327 arg1 compounds 329:337 flavor compounds 322:337 flavor compounds 322:337 However, the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product has been a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins). 24708894 4 104 theme isolate 750:756 arg1 influences 699:708 The influences 695:708 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds 687:897 RESULTS The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. 24708894 8 105 theme emulsion 1620:1627 arg1 system 1629:1634 emulsion system 1620:1634 emulsion system 1620:1634 Excessive amount of modified starch was also shown to be detrimental to the stability of emulsion system. 24708894 5 106 theme emulsions 1181:1189 arg1 compositions 1152:1163 the matrix and structural compositions 1126:1163 the matrix and structural compositions of the beverage emulsions 1126:1189 The results indicated that the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by the matrix and structural compositions of the beverage emulsions. 24708894 7 107 theme hydrophobic 1441:1451 arg1 interactions 1453:1464 its hydrophobic interactions 1437:1464 its hydrophobic interactions with volatile flavor compounds and viscosity enhancement effect 1437:1528 Modified starch could retard the overall flavor release through its hydrophobic interactions with volatile flavor compounds and viscosity enhancement effect. 24708894 10 108 dep CONCLUSIONS 1825:1835 arg1 design 1858:1863 the mixture design 1846:1863 the mixture design 1846:1863 CONCLUSIONS Overall, the mixture design can be practical in elucidating the complex interactions between key food components and volatile flavor compounds in an emulsion system. 24708894 10 108 dep CONCLUSIONS 1825:1835 arg1 practical 1872:1880 practical 1872:1880 practical 1872:1880 CONCLUSIONS Overall, the mixture design can be practical in elucidating the complex interactions between key food components and volatile flavor compounds in an emulsion system. 24708894 10 109 theme mixture 1850:1856 arg1 design 1858:1863 the mixture design 1846:1863 the mixture design 1846:1863 CONCLUSIONS Overall, the mixture design can be practical in elucidating the complex interactions between key food components and volatile flavor compounds in an emulsion system. 24708894 10 109 theme mixture 1850:1856 arg1 practical 1872:1880 practical 1872:1880 practical 1872:1880 CONCLUSIONS Overall, the mixture design can be practical in elucidating the complex interactions between key food components and volatile flavor compounds in an emulsion system. 24708894 2 110 theme complex 412:418 arg1 interactions 420:431 the complex interactions 408:431 the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins) 408:497 However, the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product has been a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins). 24708894 10 111 theme key 1930:1932 arg1 components 1939:1948 key food components 1930:1948 key food components 1930:1948 CONCLUSIONS Overall, the mixture design can be practical in elucidating the complex interactions between key food components and volatile flavor compounds in an emulsion system. 28760544 5 0 theme syringic 802:809 arg1 acids 811:815 protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids 765:815 protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids 765:815 In the extracts, ganoderic acids C2, A and H were the most abundant triterpenic acids and protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids the identified phenolics. 28760544 5 1 theme ganoderic 692:700 arg1 H 718:718 H 718:718 H 718:718 In the extracts, ganoderic acids C2, A and H were the most abundant triterpenic acids and protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids the identified phenolics. 28760544 5 1 theme ganoderic 692:700 arg1 acids 702:706 ganoderic acids 692:706 ganoderic acids C2, A and H 692:718 In the extracts, ganoderic acids C2, A and H were the most abundant triterpenic acids and protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids the identified phenolics. 28760544 5 1 theme ganoderic 692:700 arg1 acids 755:759 the most abundant triterpenic acids 725:759 the most abundant triterpenic acids 725:759 In the extracts, ganoderic acids C2, A and H were the most abundant triterpenic acids and protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids the identified phenolics. 28760544 5 1 theme ganoderic 692:700 arg1 C2 708:709 C2 708:709 C2 708:709 In the extracts, ganoderic acids C2, A and H were the most abundant triterpenic acids and protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids the identified phenolics. 28760544 5 1 theme ganoderic 692:700 arg1 A 712:712 A 712:712 A 712:712 In the extracts, ganoderic acids C2, A and H were the most abundant triterpenic acids and protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids the identified phenolics. 28760544 0 2 theme topical 72:78 arg1 formulations 80:91 topical formulations 72:91 topical formulations 72:91 The potential of Ganoderma lucidum extracts as bioactive ingredients in topical formulations, beyond its nutritional benefits. 28760544 6 3 theme 4.6 964:966 arg1 colour 945:950 a light-yellow colour 930:950 a light-yellow colour 930:950 The developed cosmeceutical formulation preserved the extract bioactivities, presented a light-yellow colour and a pH of 4.6, which is considered appropriate for cosmeceutical's design. 28760544 6 3 theme 4.6 964:966 arg1 pH 958:959 a pH 956:959 a pH of 4.6 956:966 The developed cosmeceutical formulation preserved the extract bioactivities, presented a light-yellow colour and a pH of 4.6, which is considered appropriate for cosmeceutical's design. 28760544 7 4 from preservation 1246:1257 arg1 formulation 1273:1283 the tested formulation 1262:1283 the tested formulation 1262:1283 Behind the important nutritional/bioactive composition of G. lucidum, a potential towards its valorisation in the field of cosmeceuticals is foreseeable, as deduced from the bioactivities of its ethanolic extract and preservation in the tested formulation. 28760544 6 5 theme cosmeceutical 857:869 arg1 formulation 871:881 The developed cosmeceutical formulation 843:881 The developed cosmeceutical formulation 843:881 The developed cosmeceutical formulation preserved the extract bioactivities, presented a light-yellow colour and a pH of 4.6, which is considered appropriate for cosmeceutical's design. 28760544 2 6 theme antityrosinase 309:322 arg1 effects 353:359 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects 277:359 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects 277:359 Thereafter, ethanolic Soxhlet extracts were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects, and further characterized in terms of phenolic acids, polysaccharides and triterpenoids. 28760544 7 7 theme tested 1266:1271 arg1 formulation 1273:1283 the tested formulation 1262:1283 the tested formulation 1262:1283 Behind the important nutritional/bioactive composition of G. lucidum, a potential towards its valorisation in the field of cosmeceuticals is foreseeable, as deduced from the bioactivities of its ethanolic extract and preservation in the tested formulation. 28760544 6 8 theme developed 847:855 arg1 formulation 871:881 The developed cosmeceutical formulation 843:881 The developed cosmeceutical formulation 843:881 The developed cosmeceutical formulation preserved the extract bioactivities, presented a light-yellow colour and a pH of 4.6, which is considered appropriate for cosmeceutical's design. 28760544 0 9 theme nutritional 105:115 arg1 benefits 117:124 its nutritional benefits 101:124 its nutritional benefits 101:124 The potential of Ganoderma lucidum extracts as bioactive ingredients in topical formulations, beyond its nutritional benefits. 28760544 7 10 theme cosmeceuticals 1152:1165 arg1 field 1143:1147 the field 1139:1147 the field of cosmeceuticals 1139:1165 Behind the important nutritional/bioactive composition of G. lucidum, a potential towards its valorisation in the field of cosmeceuticals is foreseeable, as deduced from the bioactivities of its ethanolic extract and preservation in the tested formulation. 28760544 3 11 theme cosmeceutical 497:509 arg1 ingredients 511:521 cosmeceutical ingredients 497:521 cosmeceutical ingredients 497:521 Finally, the obtained extracts were tested as cosmeceutical ingredients. 28760544 3 11 theme cosmeceutical 497:509 arg1 extracts 473:480 the obtained extracts 460:480 the obtained extracts 460:480 Finally, the obtained extracts were tested as cosmeceutical ingredients. 28760544 2 12 theme anti-inflammatory 290:306 arg1 effects 353:359 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects 277:359 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects 277:359 Thereafter, ethanolic Soxhlet extracts were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects, and further characterized in terms of phenolic acids, polysaccharides and triterpenoids. 28760544 1 13 theme value 187:191 arg1 terms 166:170 terms 166:170 terms of nutritional value and chemical composition 166:216 Ganoderma lucidum was characterized in terms of nutritional value and chemical composition. 28760544 2 14 theme polysaccharides 416:430 arg1 terms 391:395 terms 391:395 terms of phenolic acids, polysaccharides and triterpenoids 391:448 Thereafter, ethanolic Soxhlet extracts were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects, and further characterized in terms of phenolic acids, polysaccharides and triterpenoids. 28760544 1 15 theme nutritional 175:185 arg1 value 187:191 nutritional value 175:191 nutritional value 175:191 Ganoderma lucidum was characterized in terms of nutritional value and chemical composition. 28760544 7 16 theme extract 1234:1240 arg1 bioactivities 1203:1215 the bioactivities 1199:1215 the bioactivities of its ethanolic extract 1199:1240 Behind the important nutritional/bioactive composition of G. lucidum, a potential towards its valorisation in the field of cosmeceuticals is foreseeable, as deduced from the bioactivities of its ethanolic extract and preservation in the tested formulation. 28760544 7 16 theme extract 1234:1240 arg1 preservation 1246:1257 preservation 1246:1257 preservation in the tested formulation 1246:1283 Behind the important nutritional/bioactive composition of G. lucidum, a potential towards its valorisation in the field of cosmeceuticals is foreseeable, as deduced from the bioactivities of its ethanolic extract and preservation in the tested formulation. 28760544 2 17 theme cytotoxic 343:351 arg1 effects 353:359 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects 277:359 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects 277:359 Thereafter, ethanolic Soxhlet extracts were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects, and further characterized in terms of phenolic acids, polysaccharides and triterpenoids. 28760544 2 18 theme acids 409:413 arg1 terms 391:395 terms 391:395 terms of phenolic acids, polysaccharides and triterpenoids 391:448 Thereafter, ethanolic Soxhlet extracts were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects, and further characterized in terms of phenolic acids, polysaccharides and triterpenoids. 28760544 7 19 from bioactivities 1203:1215 arg1 formulation 1273:1283 the tested formulation 1262:1283 the tested formulation 1262:1283 Behind the important nutritional/bioactive composition of G. lucidum, a potential towards its valorisation in the field of cosmeceuticals is foreseeable, as deduced from the bioactivities of its ethanolic extract and preservation in the tested formulation. 28760544 2 20 theme phenolic 400:407 arg1 acids 409:413 phenolic acids 400:413 phenolic acids 400:413 Thereafter, ethanolic Soxhlet extracts were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects, and further characterized in terms of phenolic acids, polysaccharides and triterpenoids. 28760544 0 21 theme Ganoderma 17:25 arg1 lucidum 27:33 Ganoderma lucidum 17:33 Ganoderma lucidum 17:33 The potential of Ganoderma lucidum extracts as bioactive ingredients in topical formulations, beyond its nutritional benefits. 28760544 4 22 theme bioactive 589:597 arg1 compounds 599:607 important bioactive compounds 579:607 important bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, specially triterpenoids, and polysaccharides 579:672 G. lucidum proved to be a source of macronutrients and important bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, specially triterpenoids, and polysaccharides. 28760544 4 22 theme bioactive 589:597 arg1 terpenoids 617:626 terpenoids 617:626 terpenoids 617:626 G. lucidum proved to be a source of macronutrients and important bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, specially triterpenoids, and polysaccharides. 28760544 4 22 theme bioactive 589:597 arg1 triterpenoids 639:651 triterpenoids 639:651 triterpenoids 639:651 G. lucidum proved to be a source of macronutrients and important bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, specially triterpenoids, and polysaccharides. 28760544 4 22 theme bioactive 589:597 arg1 polysaccharides 658:672 polysaccharides 658:672 polysaccharides 658:672 G. lucidum proved to be a source of macronutrients and important bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, specially triterpenoids, and polysaccharides. 28760544 2 23 theme antimicrobial 325:337 arg1 effects 353:359 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects 277:359 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects 277:359 Thereafter, ethanolic Soxhlet extracts were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects, and further characterized in terms of phenolic acids, polysaccharides and triterpenoids. 28760544 1 24 theme chemical 197:204 arg1 composition 206:216 chemical composition 197:216 chemical composition 197:216 Ganoderma lucidum was characterized in terms of nutritional value and chemical composition. 28760544 5 25 dep acids 702:706 arg1 H 718:718 H 718:718 H 718:718 In the extracts, ganoderic acids C2, A and H were the most abundant triterpenic acids and protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids the identified phenolics. 28760544 5 25 dep acids 702:706 arg1 acids 702:706 ganoderic acids 692:706 ganoderic acids C2, A and H 692:718 In the extracts, ganoderic acids C2, A and H were the most abundant triterpenic acids and protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids the identified phenolics. 28760544 5 25 dep acids 702:706 arg1 A 712:712 A 712:712 A 712:712 In the extracts, ganoderic acids C2, A and H were the most abundant triterpenic acids and protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids the identified phenolics. 28760544 5 25 dep acids 702:706 arg1 C2 708:709 C2 708:709 C2 708:709 In the extracts, ganoderic acids C2, A and H were the most abundant triterpenic acids and protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids the identified phenolics. 28760544 6 26 theme light-yellow 932:943 arg1 colour 945:950 a light-yellow colour 930:950 a light-yellow colour 930:950 The developed cosmeceutical formulation preserved the extract bioactivities, presented a light-yellow colour and a pH of 4.6, which is considered appropriate for cosmeceutical's design. 28760544 1 27 theme composition 206:216 arg1 terms 166:170 terms 166:170 terms of nutritional value and chemical composition 166:216 Ganoderma lucidum was characterized in terms of nutritional value and chemical composition. 28760544 5 28 theme abundant 734:741 arg1 acids 702:706 ganoderic acids 692:706 ganoderic acids C2, A and H 692:718 In the extracts, ganoderic acids C2, A and H were the most abundant triterpenic acids and protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids the identified phenolics. 28760544 5 28 theme abundant 734:741 arg1 acids 755:759 the most abundant triterpenic acids 725:759 the most abundant triterpenic acids 725:759 In the extracts, ganoderic acids C2, A and H were the most abundant triterpenic acids and protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids the identified phenolics. 28760544 2 29 theme triterpenoids 436:448 arg1 terms 391:395 terms 391:395 terms of phenolic acids, polysaccharides and triterpenoids 391:448 Thereafter, ethanolic Soxhlet extracts were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects, and further characterized in terms of phenolic acids, polysaccharides and triterpenoids. 28760544 0 30 theme lucidum 27:33 arg1 potential 4:12 The potential 0:12 The potential of Ganoderma lucidum 0:33 The potential of Ganoderma lucidum extracts as bioactive ingredients in topical formulations, beyond its nutritional benefits. 28760544 4 31 theme macronutrients 560:573 arg1 triterpenoids 639:651 triterpenoids 639:651 triterpenoids 639:651 G. lucidum proved to be a source of macronutrients and important bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, specially triterpenoids, and polysaccharides. 28760544 4 31 theme macronutrients 560:573 arg1 source 550:555 a source 548:555 a source of macronutrients 548:573 G. lucidum proved to be a source of macronutrients and important bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, specially triterpenoids, and polysaccharides. 28760544 4 31 theme macronutrients 560:573 arg1 compounds 599:607 important bioactive compounds 579:607 important bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, specially triterpenoids, and polysaccharides 579:672 G. lucidum proved to be a source of macronutrients and important bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, specially triterpenoids, and polysaccharides. 28760544 4 31 theme macronutrients 560:573 arg1 G. lucidum 524:533 G. lucidum 524:533 G. lucidum 524:533 G. lucidum proved to be a source of macronutrients and important bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, specially triterpenoids, and polysaccharides. 28760544 4 31 theme macronutrients 560:573 arg1 polysaccharides 658:672 polysaccharides 658:672 polysaccharides 658:672 G. lucidum proved to be a source of macronutrients and important bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, specially triterpenoids, and polysaccharides. 28760544 4 31 theme macronutrients 560:573 arg1 terpenoids 617:626 terpenoids 617:626 terpenoids 617:626 G. lucidum proved to be a source of macronutrients and important bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, specially triterpenoids, and polysaccharides. 28760544 5 32 theme triterpenic 743:753 arg1 acids 702:706 ganoderic acids 692:706 ganoderic acids C2, A and H 692:718 In the extracts, ganoderic acids C2, A and H were the most abundant triterpenic acids and protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids the identified phenolics. 28760544 5 32 theme triterpenic 743:753 arg1 acids 755:759 the most abundant triterpenic acids 725:759 the most abundant triterpenic acids 725:759 In the extracts, ganoderic acids C2, A and H were the most abundant triterpenic acids and protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids the identified phenolics. 28760544 5 33 from acids 755:759 arg1 extracts 682:689 the extracts 678:689 the extracts 678:689 In the extracts, ganoderic acids C2, A and H were the most abundant triterpenic acids and protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids the identified phenolics. 28760544 2 34 theme Soxhlet 241:247 arg1 extracts 249:256 ethanolic Soxhlet extracts 231:256 ethanolic Soxhlet extracts 231:256 Thereafter, ethanolic Soxhlet extracts were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects, and further characterized in terms of phenolic acids, polysaccharides and triterpenoids. 28760544 7 35 theme G. 1087:1088 arg1 lucidum 1090:1096 G. lucidum 1087:1096 G. lucidum 1087:1096 Behind the important nutritional/bioactive composition of G. lucidum, a potential towards its valorisation in the field of cosmeceuticals is foreseeable, as deduced from the bioactivities of its ethanolic extract and preservation in the tested formulation. 28760544 0 36 theme bioactive 47:55 arg1 ingredients 57:67 bioactive ingredients 47:67 bioactive ingredients in topical formulations 47:91 The potential of Ganoderma lucidum extracts as bioactive ingredients in topical formulations, beyond its nutritional benefits. 28760544 0 37 from ingredients 57:67 arg1 formulations 80:91 topical formulations 72:91 topical formulations 72:91 The potential of Ganoderma lucidum extracts as bioactive ingredients in topical formulations, beyond its nutritional benefits. 28760544 2 38 theme ethanolic 231:239 arg1 extracts 249:256 ethanolic Soxhlet extracts 231:256 ethanolic Soxhlet extracts 231:256 Thereafter, ethanolic Soxhlet extracts were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects, and further characterized in terms of phenolic acids, polysaccharides and triterpenoids. 28760544 7 39 theme lucidum 1090:1096 arg1 composition 1072:1082 the important nutritional/bioactive composition 1036:1082 the important nutritional/bioactive composition of G. lucidum 1036:1096 Behind the important nutritional/bioactive composition of G. lucidum, a potential towards its valorisation in the field of cosmeceuticals is foreseeable, as deduced from the bioactivities of its ethanolic extract and preservation in the tested formulation. 28760544 4 40 theme important 579:587 arg1 compounds 599:607 important bioactive compounds 579:607 important bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, specially triterpenoids, and polysaccharides 579:672 G. lucidum proved to be a source of macronutrients and important bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, specially triterpenoids, and polysaccharides. 28760544 4 40 theme important 579:587 arg1 terpenoids 617:626 terpenoids 617:626 terpenoids 617:626 G. lucidum proved to be a source of macronutrients and important bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, specially triterpenoids, and polysaccharides. 28760544 4 40 theme important 579:587 arg1 triterpenoids 639:651 triterpenoids 639:651 triterpenoids 639:651 G. lucidum proved to be a source of macronutrients and important bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, specially triterpenoids, and polysaccharides. 28760544 4 40 theme important 579:587 arg1 polysaccharides 658:672 polysaccharides 658:672 polysaccharides 658:672 G. lucidum proved to be a source of macronutrients and important bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, specially triterpenoids, and polysaccharides. 28760544 6 41 theme extract 897:903 arg1 bioactivities 905:917 the extract bioactivities 893:917 the extract bioactivities 893:917 The developed cosmeceutical formulation preserved the extract bioactivities, presented a light-yellow colour and a pH of 4.6, which is considered appropriate for cosmeceutical's design. 28760544 3 42 theme obtained 464:471 arg1 ingredients 511:521 cosmeceutical ingredients 497:521 cosmeceutical ingredients 497:521 Finally, the obtained extracts were tested as cosmeceutical ingredients. 28760544 3 42 theme obtained 464:471 arg1 extracts 473:480 the obtained extracts 460:480 the obtained extracts 460:480 Finally, the obtained extracts were tested as cosmeceutical ingredients. 28760544 5 43 dep acids 755:759 arg1 phenolics 832:840 the identified phenolics 817:840 the identified phenolics 817:840 In the extracts, ganoderic acids C2, A and H were the most abundant triterpenic acids and protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids the identified phenolics. 28760544 5 44 from acids 811:815 arg1 extracts 682:689 the extracts 678:689 the extracts 678:689 In the extracts, ganoderic acids C2, A and H were the most abundant triterpenic acids and protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids the identified phenolics. 28760544 2 45 theme antioxidant 277:287 arg1 effects 353:359 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects 277:359 antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects 277:359 Thereafter, ethanolic Soxhlet extracts were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects, and further characterized in terms of phenolic acids, polysaccharides and triterpenoids. 28760544 1 46 theme Ganoderma 127:135 arg1 lucidum 137:143 Ganoderma lucidum 127:143 Ganoderma lucidum 127:143 Ganoderma lucidum was characterized in terms of nutritional value and chemical composition. 28760544 5 47 theme protocatechuic 765:778 arg1 acids 811:815 protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids 765:815 protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids 765:815 In the extracts, ganoderic acids C2, A and H were the most abundant triterpenic acids and protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids the identified phenolics. 28760544 7 48 theme important 1040:1048 arg1 composition 1072:1082 the important nutritional/bioactive composition 1036:1082 the important nutritional/bioactive composition of G. lucidum 1036:1096 Behind the important nutritional/bioactive composition of G. lucidum, a potential towards its valorisation in the field of cosmeceuticals is foreseeable, as deduced from the bioactivities of its ethanolic extract and preservation in the tested formulation. 28760544 5 49 theme p-hydroxibenzoic 781:796 arg1 acids 811:815 protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids 765:815 protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids 765:815 In the extracts, ganoderic acids C2, A and H were the most abundant triterpenic acids and protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids the identified phenolics. 28760544 7 50 from valorisation 1123:1134 arg1 field 1143:1147 the field 1139:1147 the field of cosmeceuticals 1139:1165 Behind the important nutritional/bioactive composition of G. lucidum, a potential towards its valorisation in the field of cosmeceuticals is foreseeable, as deduced from the bioactivities of its ethanolic extract and preservation in the tested formulation. 28760544 7 51 theme nutritional/bioactive 1050:1070 arg1 composition 1072:1082 the important nutritional/bioactive composition 1036:1082 the important nutritional/bioactive composition of G. lucidum 1036:1096 Behind the important nutritional/bioactive composition of G. lucidum, a potential towards its valorisation in the field of cosmeceuticals is foreseeable, as deduced from the bioactivities of its ethanolic extract and preservation in the tested formulation. 28760544 5 52 theme identified 821:830 arg1 phenolics 832:840 the identified phenolics 817:840 the identified phenolics 817:840 In the extracts, ganoderic acids C2, A and H were the most abundant triterpenic acids and protocatechuic, p-hydroxibenzoic and syringic acids the identified phenolics. 28760544 7 53 theme ethanolic 1224:1232 arg1 extract 1234:1240 its ethanolic extract 1220:1240 its ethanolic extract 1220:1240 Behind the important nutritional/bioactive composition of G. lucidum, a potential towards its valorisation in the field of cosmeceuticals is foreseeable, as deduced from the bioactivities of its ethanolic extract and preservation in the tested formulation. 26378510 5 0 theme different 762:770 arg1 patterns 779:786 different growth patterns 762:786 different growth patterns 762:786 In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 26378510 8 1 from substances 1405:1414 arg1 ways 1299:1302 new ways 1295:1302 new ways of evaluating the quality of Chinese medicinal materials in which saccharides are the main bioactive substances 1295:1414 This research not only lays a foundation for screening indicators for RA, but also provided new ways of evaluating the quality of Chinese medicinal materials in which saccharides are the main bioactive substances. 26378510 5 2 theme soluble 655:661 arg1 saccharides 663:673 soluble saccharides 655:673 soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns 655:786 In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 26378510 8 3 theme main 1390:1393 arg1 substances 1405:1414 the main bioactive substances 1386:1414 the main bioactive substances 1386:1414 This research not only lays a foundation for screening indicators for RA, but also provided new ways of evaluating the quality of Chinese medicinal materials in which saccharides are the main bioactive substances. 26378510 8 3 theme main 1390:1393 arg1 saccharides 1370:1380 saccharides 1370:1380 saccharides 1370:1380 This research not only lays a foundation for screening indicators for RA, but also provided new ways of evaluating the quality of Chinese medicinal materials in which saccharides are the main bioactive substances. 26378510 3 4 theme compositions 506:517 arg1 analysis 483:490 quantitative analysis 470:490 quantitative analysis of saccharide compositions 470:517 Monosaccharide mapping based on trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) hydrolysis can be used for quantitative analysis of saccharide compositions. 26378510 5 5 theme growth 772:777 arg1 patterns 779:786 different growth patterns 762:786 different growth patterns 762:786 In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 26378510 5 6 theme saccharides 663:673 arg1 mapping 644:650 monosaccharide mapping 629:650 monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns 629:786 In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 26378510 6 7 theme molar 919:923 arg1 ratios 925:930 the molar ratios 915:930 the molar ratios 915:930 Results indicated that the mapping and the molar ratios of saccharide compositions of the cultured and natural RA samples were different for both cytoplasm and cell wall. 26378510 6 7 theme molar 919:923 arg1 different 1003:1011 different 1003:1011 different 1003:1011 Results indicated that the mapping and the molar ratios of saccharide compositions of the cultured and natural RA samples were different for both cytoplasm and cell wall. 26378510 6 8 theme samples 990:996 arg1 compositions 946:957 saccharide compositions 935:957 saccharide compositions of the cultured and natural RA samples 935:996 Results indicated that the mapping and the molar ratios of saccharide compositions of the cultured and natural RA samples were different for both cytoplasm and cell wall. 26378510 4 9 theme characteristics 597:611 arg1 analysis 573:580 analysis 573:580 analysis of the mapping characteristics 573:611 In addition, species specificity can be evaluated by analysis of the mapping characteristics. 26378510 5 10 theme batches 735:741 arg1 wall 724:727 the cell wall 715:727 the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns 715:786 In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 26378510 7 11 theme cultured 1137:1144 arg1 RA 1146:1147 cultured RA 1137:1147 cultured RA 1137:1147 For example, the molar ratio of mannose and arabinose was more than 3.5:1 in cytoplasm in cultured RA, whereas the ratio was less than 3.5:1 in natural RA. 26378510 8 12 theme new 1295:1297 arg1 ways 1299:1302 new ways 1295:1302 new ways of evaluating the quality of Chinese medicinal materials in which saccharides are the main bioactive substances 1295:1414 This research not only lays a foundation for screening indicators for RA, but also provided new ways of evaluating the quality of Chinese medicinal materials in which saccharides are the main bioactive substances. 26378510 4 13 theme mapping 589:595 arg1 characteristics 597:611 the mapping characteristics 585:611 the mapping characteristics 585:611 In addition, species specificity can be evaluated by analysis of the mapping characteristics. 26378510 5 14 dep cytoplasm 682:690 arg1 the 678:680 the 678:680 the 678:680 In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 26378510 7 15 theme arabinose 1091:1099 arg1 ratio 1070:1074 the molar ratio 1060:1074 the molar ratio of mannose and arabinose 1060:1099 For example, the molar ratio of mannose and arabinose was more than 3.5:1 in cytoplasm in cultured RA, whereas the ratio was less than 3.5:1 in natural RA. 26378510 5 16 theme gas 838:840 arg1 spectrometry 862:873 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 838:873 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 838:873 In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 26378510 2 17 theme ultraviolet 271:281 arg1 spectroscopy 283:294 ultraviolet spectroscopy 271:294 ultraviolet spectroscopy 271:294 Saccharide content is commonly determined by ultraviolet spectroscopy, which lacks species specificity and has not been applied in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. 26378510 5 18 theme RA 746:747 arg1 samples 749:755 RA samples 746:755 RA samples with different growth patterns 746:786 In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 26378510 3 19 theme trifluoroacetic 416:430 arg1 TFA 438:440 TFA 438:440 TFA 438:440 Monosaccharide mapping based on trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) hydrolysis can be used for quantitative analysis of saccharide compositions. 26378510 3 19 theme trifluoroacetic 416:430 arg1 acid 432:435 trifluoroacetic acid 416:435 trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) hydrolysis 416:452 Monosaccharide mapping based on trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) hydrolysis can be used for quantitative analysis of saccharide compositions. 26378510 6 20 theme cell 1036:1039 arg1 wall 1041:1044 cell wall 1036:1044 cell wall 1036:1044 Results indicated that the mapping and the molar ratios of saccharide compositions of the cultured and natural RA samples were different for both cytoplasm and cell wall. 26378510 3 21 theme Monosaccharide 384:397 arg1 mapping 399:405 Monosaccharide mapping 384:405 Monosaccharide mapping based on trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) hydrolysis 384:452 Monosaccharide mapping based on trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) hydrolysis can be used for quantitative analysis of saccharide compositions. 26378510 7 22 theme natural 1191:1197 arg1 RA 1199:1200 natural RA 1191:1200 natural RA 1191:1200 For example, the molar ratio of mannose and arabinose was more than 3.5:1 in cytoplasm in cultured RA, whereas the ratio was less than 3.5:1 in natural RA. 26378510 7 23 theme mannose 1079:1085 arg1 ratio 1070:1074 the molar ratio 1060:1074 the molar ratio of mannose and arabinose 1060:1099 For example, the molar ratio of mannose and arabinose was more than 3.5:1 in cytoplasm in cultured RA, whereas the ratio was less than 3.5:1 in natural RA. 26378510 5 24 theme samples 749:755 arg1 batches 735:741 24 batches 732:741 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns 732:786 In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 26378510 1 25 theme quality 181:187 arg1 saccharides 154:164 saccharides 154:164 saccharides 154:164 As the main substances responsible for immunomodulatory activity, saccharides can be used as quality indicators for Astragalus root (RA). 26378510 1 25 theme quality 181:187 arg1 indicators 189:198 quality indicators 181:198 quality indicators for Astragalus root (RA) 181:223 As the main substances responsible for immunomodulatory activity, saccharides can be used as quality indicators for Astragalus root (RA). 26378510 5 26 theme TFA 811:813 arg1 hydrolysis 815:824 TFA hydrolysis 811:824 TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 811:873 In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 26378510 5 27 from mapping 644:650 arg1 polysaccharides 696:710 polysaccharides 696:710 polysaccharides 696:710 In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 26378510 5 27 from mapping 644:650 arg1 cytoplasm 682:690 cytoplasm 682:690 cytoplasm 682:690 In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 26378510 2 28 theme species 309:315 arg1 specificity 317:327 species specificity 309:327 species specificity 309:327 Saccharide content is commonly determined by ultraviolet spectroscopy, which lacks species specificity and has not been applied in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. 26378510 6 29 theme RA 987:988 arg1 samples 990:996 natural RA samples 979:996 natural RA samples 979:996 Results indicated that the mapping and the molar ratios of saccharide compositions of the cultured and natural RA samples were different for both cytoplasm and cell wall. 26378510 1 30 theme main 95:98 arg1 saccharides 154:164 saccharides 154:164 saccharides 154:164 As the main substances responsible for immunomodulatory activity, saccharides can be used as quality indicators for Astragalus root (RA). 26378510 1 30 theme main 95:98 arg1 substances 100:109 the main substances 91:109 the main substances responsible for immunomodulatory activity 91:151 As the main substances responsible for immunomodulatory activity, saccharides can be used as quality indicators for Astragalus root (RA). 26378510 8 31 theme materials 1351:1359 arg1 quality 1322:1328 the quality 1318:1328 the quality of Chinese medicinal materials 1318:1359 This research not only lays a foundation for screening indicators for RA, but also provided new ways of evaluating the quality of Chinese medicinal materials in which saccharides are the main bioactive substances. 26378510 0 32 theme Cultured 18:25 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification of Cultured 0:25 Identification of Cultured and Natural Astragalus Root Based on Monosaccharide Mapping. 26378510 0 32 theme Cultured 18:25 arg1 Root 50:53 Natural Astragalus Root 31:53 Natural Astragalus Root 31:53 Identification of Cultured and Natural Astragalus Root Based on Monosaccharide Mapping. 26378510 6 33 theme natural 979:985 arg1 samples 990:996 natural RA samples 979:996 natural RA samples 979:996 Results indicated that the mapping and the molar ratios of saccharide compositions of the cultured and natural RA samples were different for both cytoplasm and cell wall. 26378510 5 34 theme cell 719:722 arg1 wall 724:727 the cell wall 715:727 the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns 715:786 In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 26378510 3 35 used used 461:464 arg2 mapping 399:405 Monosaccharide mapping 384:405 Monosaccharide mapping based on trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) hydrolysis 384:452 Monosaccharide mapping based on trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) hydrolysis can be used for quantitative analysis of saccharide compositions. 26378510 1 36 theme Astragalus 204:213 arg1 RA 221:222 RA 221:222 RA 221:222 As the main substances responsible for immunomodulatory activity, saccharides can be used as quality indicators for Astragalus root (RA). 26378510 1 36 theme Astragalus 204:213 arg1 root 215:218 Astragalus root 204:218 Astragalus root (RA) 204:223 As the main substances responsible for immunomodulatory activity, saccharides can be used as quality indicators for Astragalus root (RA). 26378510 0 37 theme Astragalus 39:48 arg1 Root 50:53 Natural Astragalus Root 31:53 Natural Astragalus Root 31:53 Identification of Cultured and Natural Astragalus Root Based on Monosaccharide Mapping. 26378510 8 38 theme bioactive 1395:1403 arg1 substances 1405:1414 the main bioactive substances 1386:1414 the main bioactive substances 1386:1414 This research not only lays a foundation for screening indicators for RA, but also provided new ways of evaluating the quality of Chinese medicinal materials in which saccharides are the main bioactive substances. 26378510 8 38 theme bioactive 1395:1403 arg1 saccharides 1370:1380 saccharides 1370:1380 saccharides 1370:1380 This research not only lays a foundation for screening indicators for RA, but also provided new ways of evaluating the quality of Chinese medicinal materials in which saccharides are the main bioactive substances. 26378510 2 39 theme Saccharide 226:235 arg1 content 237:243 Saccharide content 226:243 Saccharide content 226:243 Saccharide content is commonly determined by ultraviolet spectroscopy, which lacks species specificity and has not been applied in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. 26378510 5 40 theme chromatography-mass 842:860 arg1 spectrometry 862:873 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 838:873 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 838:873 In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 26378510 0 41 theme Natural 31:37 arg1 Root 50:53 Natural Astragalus Root 31:53 Natural Astragalus Root 31:53 Identification of Cultured and Natural Astragalus Root Based on Monosaccharide Mapping. 26378510 4 42 theme species 533:539 arg1 specificity 541:551 species specificity 533:551 species specificity 533:551 In addition, species specificity can be evaluated by analysis of the mapping characteristics. 26378510 3 43 theme acid 432:435 arg1 hydrolysis 443:452 trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) hydrolysis 416:452 trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) hydrolysis 416:452 Monosaccharide mapping based on trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) hydrolysis can be used for quantitative analysis of saccharide compositions. 26378510 8 44 theme medicinal 1341:1349 arg1 materials 1351:1359 Chinese medicinal materials 1333:1359 Chinese medicinal materials 1333:1359 This research not only lays a foundation for screening indicators for RA, but also provided new ways of evaluating the quality of Chinese medicinal materials in which saccharides are the main bioactive substances. 26378510 6 45 theme compositions 946:957 arg1 ratios 925:930 the molar ratios 915:930 the molar ratios 915:930 Results indicated that the mapping and the molar ratios of saccharide compositions of the cultured and natural RA samples were different for both cytoplasm and cell wall. 26378510 6 45 theme compositions 946:957 arg1 mapping 903:909 mapping 903:909 mapping 903:909 Results indicated that the mapping and the molar ratios of saccharide compositions of the cultured and natural RA samples were different for both cytoplasm and cell wall. 26378510 6 45 theme compositions 946:957 arg1 different 1003:1011 different 1003:1011 different 1003:1011 Results indicated that the mapping and the molar ratios of saccharide compositions of the cultured and natural RA samples were different for both cytoplasm and cell wall. 26378510 6 46 theme the 962:964 arg1 compositions 946:957 saccharide compositions 935:957 saccharide compositions of the cultured and natural RA samples 935:996 Results indicated that the mapping and the molar ratios of saccharide compositions of the cultured and natural RA samples were different for both cytoplasm and cell wall. 26378510 1 47 theme responsible 111:121 arg1 saccharides 154:164 saccharides 154:164 saccharides 154:164 As the main substances responsible for immunomodulatory activity, saccharides can be used as quality indicators for Astragalus root (RA). 26378510 1 47 theme responsible 111:121 arg1 substances 100:109 the main substances 91:109 the main substances responsible for immunomodulatory activity 91:151 As the main substances responsible for immunomodulatory activity, saccharides can be used as quality indicators for Astragalus root (RA). 26378510 7 48 theme molar 1064:1068 arg1 ratio 1070:1074 the molar ratio 1060:1074 the molar ratio of mannose and arabinose 1060:1099 For example, the molar ratio of mannose and arabinose was more than 3.5:1 in cytoplasm in cultured RA, whereas the ratio was less than 3.5:1 in natural RA. 26378510 5 49 theme monosaccharide 629:642 arg1 mapping 644:650 monosaccharide mapping 629:650 monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns 629:786 In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 26378510 3 50 theme saccharide 495:504 arg1 compositions 506:517 saccharide compositions 495:517 saccharide compositions 495:517 Monosaccharide mapping based on trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) hydrolysis can be used for quantitative analysis of saccharide compositions. 26378510 5 51 from saccharides 663:673 arg1 polysaccharides 696:710 polysaccharides 696:710 polysaccharides 696:710 In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 26378510 5 51 from saccharides 663:673 arg1 cytoplasm 682:690 cytoplasm 682:690 cytoplasm 682:690 In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 26378510 1 52 theme immunomodulatory 127:142 arg1 activity 144:151 immunomodulatory activity 127:151 immunomodulatory activity 127:151 As the main substances responsible for immunomodulatory activity, saccharides can be used as quality indicators for Astragalus root (RA). 26378510 8 53 theme Chinese 1333:1339 arg1 materials 1351:1359 Chinese medicinal materials 1333:1359 Chinese medicinal materials 1333:1359 This research not only lays a foundation for screening indicators for RA, but also provided new ways of evaluating the quality of Chinese medicinal materials in which saccharides are the main bioactive substances. 26378510 5 54 from polysaccharides 696:710 arg1 mapping 644:650 monosaccharide mapping 629:650 monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns 629:786 In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 26378510 5 54 from polysaccharides 696:710 arg1 wall 724:727 the cell wall 715:727 the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns 715:786 In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 26378510 3 55 theme quantitative 470:481 arg1 analysis 483:490 quantitative analysis 470:490 quantitative analysis of saccharide compositions 470:517 Monosaccharide mapping based on trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) hydrolysis can be used for quantitative analysis of saccharide compositions. 26378510 0 56 theme Monosaccharide 64:77 arg1 Mapping 79:85 Monosaccharide Mapping 64:85 Monosaccharide Mapping 64:85 Identification of Cultured and Natural Astragalus Root Based on Monosaccharide Mapping. 26378510 5 57 with samples 749:755 arg1 patterns 779:786 different growth patterns 762:786 different growth patterns 762:786 In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 26378510 2 58 theme Chinese 361:367 arg1 Pharmacopoeia 369:381 the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 357:381 the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 357:381 Saccharide content is commonly determined by ultraviolet spectroscopy, which lacks species specificity and has not been applied in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. 26378510 5 59 from cytoplasm 682:690 arg1 mapping 644:650 monosaccharide mapping 629:650 monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns 629:786 In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 26378510 5 59 from cytoplasm 682:690 arg1 wall 724:727 the cell wall 715:727 the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns 715:786 In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 26378510 6 60 theme saccharide 935:944 arg1 compositions 946:957 saccharide compositions 935:957 saccharide compositions of the cultured and natural RA samples 935:996 Results indicated that the mapping and the molar ratios of saccharide compositions of the cultured and natural RA samples were different for both cytoplasm and cell wall. 26378510 1 61 used used 173:176 arg2 substances 100:109 the main substances 91:109 the main substances responsible for immunomodulatory activity 91:151 As the main substances responsible for immunomodulatory activity, saccharides can be used as quality indicators for Astragalus root (RA). 26378510 1 61 used used 173:176 arg2 saccharides 154:164 saccharides 154:164 saccharides 154:164 As the main substances responsible for immunomodulatory activity, saccharides can be used as quality indicators for Astragalus root (RA). 26378510 1 61 used used 173:176 arg2 indicators 189:198 quality indicators 181:198 quality indicators for Astragalus root (RA) 181:223 As the main substances responsible for immunomodulatory activity, saccharides can be used as quality indicators for Astragalus root (RA). 26378510 6 62 dep mapping 903:909 arg1 the 899:901 the 899:901 the 899:901 Results indicated that the mapping and the molar ratios of saccharide compositions of the cultured and natural RA samples were different for both cytoplasm and cell wall. 28879837 4 0 theme % 451:451 arg1 concentration 464:476 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl concentration 447:476 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl concentration 447:476 Strain 1404T was observed to grow at 15-45 °C and pH 6.0-10.0 and in presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl concentration. 28879837 8 1 theme % 1212:1212 arg1 similarity 1178:1187 sequence similarity 1169:1187 sequence similarity of 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 %, respectively 1169:1226 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 1404T was affiliated to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillusoryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillusbenzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacilluscirculans DSM 11T with sequence similarity of 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28879837 2 2 theme Gram-stain-positive 113:131 arg1 bacterium 153:161 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium 111:161 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium 111:161 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium, designated as 1404T, was isolated from leaves of Chinese red pepper (Huajiao) (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim) collected from Gansu, north-west China. 28879837 8 3 theme rRNA 963:966 arg1 sequences 973:981 16S rRNA gene sequences 959:981 16S rRNA gene sequences 959:981 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 1404T was affiliated to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillusoryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillusbenzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacilluscirculans DSM 11T with sequence similarity of 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28879837 4 4 theme Strain 366:371 arg1 1404T 373:377 Strain 1404T 366:377 Strain 1404T 366:377 Strain 1404T was observed to grow at 15-45 °C and pH 6.0-10.0 and in presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl concentration. 28879837 11 5 dep Bacillus 1636:1643 arg1 endozanthoxylicus 1645:1661 endozanthoxylicus 1645:1661 endozanthoxylicus 1645:1661 Therefore, on the basis of the data from the polyphasic taxonomic study presented, strain 1404T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name proposed is Bacillus endozanthoxylicus sp. 28879837 5 6 theme meso-diaminopimelic 530:548 arg1 acid 550:553 meso-diaminopimelic acid 530:553 meso-diaminopimelic acid 530:553 The cell wall of strain 1404T was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the predominant respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. 28879837 13 7 theme type 1676:1679 arg1 1404T 1691:1695 1404T 1691:1695 1404T (=CCTCC AB 2017021T=KCTC 33827T) 1691:1728 The type strain is 1404T (=CCTCC AB 2017021T=KCTC 33827T). 28879837 13 7 theme type 1676:1679 arg1 strain 1681:1686 The type strain 1672:1686 The type strain 1672:1686 The type strain is 1404T (=CCTCC AB 2017021T=KCTC 33827T). 28879837 8 8 theme 16S 959:961 arg1 sequences 973:981 16S rRNA gene sequences 959:981 16S rRNA gene sequences 959:981 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 1404T was affiliated to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillusoryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillusbenzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacilluscirculans DSM 11T with sequence similarity of 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28879837 8 9 theme Phylogenetic 928:939 arg1 analysis 941:948 Phylogenetic analysis 928:948 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 928:981 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 1404T was affiliated to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillusoryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillusbenzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacilluscirculans DSM 11T with sequence similarity of 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28879837 6 10 theme polar 782:786 arg1 lipids 788:793 three unidentified polar lipids 763:793 three unidentified polar lipids 763:793 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid as well as three unidentified polar lipids. 28879837 7 11 theme strain 829:834 arg1 1404T 836:840 strain 1404T 829:840 strain 1404T 829:840 The major fatty acids profile of strain 1404T consisted of iso-C15 : 0 (25.6 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (18.4 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (12.1 %). 28879837 9 12 theme genomic 1252:1258 arg1 DNA 1260:1262 the genomic DNA 1248:1262 the genomic DNA 1248:1262 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 39.4 mol%. 28879837 11 13 theme strain 1542:1547 arg1 1404T 1549:1553 strain 1404T 1542:1553 strain 1404T 1542:1553 Therefore, on the basis of the data from the polyphasic taxonomic study presented, strain 1404T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name proposed is Bacillus endozanthoxylicus sp. 28879837 6 14 theme unidentified 769:780 arg1 lipids 788:793 three unidentified polar lipids 763:793 three unidentified polar lipids 763:793 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid as well as three unidentified polar lipids. 28879837 7 15 theme 1404T 836:840 arg1 profile 818:824 The major fatty acids profile 796:824 The major fatty acids profile of strain 1404T 796:840 The major fatty acids profile of strain 1404T consisted of iso-C15 : 0 (25.6 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (18.4 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (12.1 %). 28879837 8 16 theme DSM 1156:1158 arg1 11T 1160:1162 Bacillusoryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillusbenzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacilluscirculans DSM 11T 1075:1162 Bacillusoryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillusbenzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacilluscirculans DSM 11T with sequence similarity of 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 %, respectively 1075:1226 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 1404T was affiliated to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillusoryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillusbenzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacilluscirculans DSM 11T with sequence similarity of 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28879837 10 17 theme strain 1360:1365 arg1 1404T 1367:1371 strain 1404T 1360:1371 strain 1404T 1360:1371 DNA-DNA hybridization values indicated that relatedness between strain 1404T and the type strains of closely related species of the genus Bacillus was below 41 %. 28879837 4 18 theme 0-5  447:450 arg1 % 451:451 % 451:451 % 451:451 Strain 1404T was observed to grow at 15-45 °C and pH 6.0-10.0 and in presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl concentration. 28879837 5 19 theme 1404T 503:507 arg1 wall 488:491 The cell wall 479:491 The cell wall of strain 1404T 479:507 The cell wall of strain 1404T was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the predominant respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. 28879837 0 20 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 27:28 Bacillus endozanthoxylicus sp 0:28 Bacillus endozanthoxylicus sp. 0:29 Bacillus endozanthoxylicus sp. 28879837 8 21 with 11T 1160:1162 arg1 similarity 1178:1187 sequence similarity 1169:1187 sequence similarity of 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 %, respectively 1169:1226 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 1404T was affiliated to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillusoryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillusbenzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacilluscirculans DSM 11T with sequence similarity of 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28879837 8 22 theme Bacilluscirculans 1138:1154 arg1 11T 1160:1162 Bacillusoryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillusbenzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacilluscirculans DSM 11T 1075:1162 Bacillusoryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillusbenzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacilluscirculans DSM 11T with sequence similarity of 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 %, respectively 1075:1226 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 1404T was affiliated to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillusoryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillusbenzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacilluscirculans DSM 11T with sequence similarity of 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28879837 0 23 theme endozanthoxylicus 9:25 arg1 sp 27:28 Bacillus endozanthoxylicus sp 0:28 Bacillus endozanthoxylicus sp. 0:29 Bacillus endozanthoxylicus sp. 28879837 10 24 theme hybridization 1304:1316 arg1 values 1318:1323 DNA-DNA hybridization values 1296:1323 DNA-DNA hybridization values 1296:1323 DNA-DNA hybridization values indicated that relatedness between strain 1404T and the type strains of closely related species of the genus Bacillus was below 41 %. 28879837 5 25 theme predominant 564:574 arg1 MK-7 614:617 MK-7 614:617 MK-7 614:617 The cell wall of strain 1404T was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the predominant respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. 28879837 5 25 theme predominant 564:574 arg1 quinone 588:594 the predominant respiratory quinone 560:594 the predominant respiratory quinone 560:594 The cell wall of strain 1404T was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the predominant respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. 28879837 10 26 theme DNA-DNA 1296:1302 arg1 hybridization 1304:1316 DNA-DNA hybridization 1296:1316 DNA-DNA hybridization values 1296:1323 DNA-DNA hybridization values indicated that relatedness between strain 1404T and the type strains of closely related species of the genus Bacillus was below 41 %. 28879837 6 27 theme polar 630:634 arg1 lipids 636:641 The major polar lipids 620:641 The major polar lipids 620:641 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid as well as three unidentified polar lipids. 28879837 6 27 theme polar 630:634 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 648:669 diphosphatidylglycerol 648:669 diphosphatidylglycerol 648:669 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid as well as three unidentified polar lipids. 28879837 3 28 theme conditions 354:363 arg1 range 345:349 a range 343:349 a range of conditions 343:363 Spores were not observed under a range of conditions. 28879837 1 29 attach isolated 61:68 arg2 bacterium 51:59 an endophytic bacterium 37:59 an endophytic bacterium isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim 37:101 nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim leaves. 28879837 1 29 attach isolated 61:68 arg2 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim leaves. 28879837 1 29 attach isolated 61:68 arg1 Maxim 97:101 Maxim 97:101 Maxim 97:101 nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim leaves. 28879837 5 30 theme respiratory 576:586 arg1 MK-7 614:617 MK-7 614:617 MK-7 614:617 The cell wall of strain 1404T was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the predominant respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. 28879837 5 30 theme respiratory 576:586 arg1 quinone 588:594 the predominant respiratory quinone 560:594 the predominant respiratory quinone 560:594 The cell wall of strain 1404T was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the predominant respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. 28879837 6 31 theme major 624:628 arg1 lipids 636:641 The major polar lipids 620:641 The major polar lipids 620:641 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid as well as three unidentified polar lipids. 28879837 6 31 theme major 624:628 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 648:669 diphosphatidylglycerol 648:669 diphosphatidylglycerol 648:669 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid as well as three unidentified polar lipids. 28879837 5 32 contain contain 522:528 arg1 wall 488:491 The cell wall 479:491 The cell wall of strain 1404T 479:507 The cell wall of strain 1404T was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the predominant respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. 28879837 5 32 contain contain 522:528 arg2 acid 550:553 meso-diaminopimelic acid 530:553 meso-diaminopimelic acid 530:553 The cell wall of strain 1404T was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the predominant respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. 28879837 9 33 theme G+C 1233:1235 arg1 content 1237:1243 The G+C content 1229:1243 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1229:1262 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 39.4 mol%. 28879837 9 33 theme G+C 1233:1235 arg1 % 1293:1293 39.4 mol% 1285:1293 39.4 mol% 1285:1293 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 39.4 mol%. 28879837 7 34 theme acids 812:816 arg1 profile 818:824 The major fatty acids profile 796:824 The major fatty acids profile of strain 1404T 796:840 The major fatty acids profile of strain 1404T consisted of iso-C15 : 0 (25.6 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (18.4 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (12.1 %). 28879837 11 35 theme Bacillus 1636:1643 arg1 sp 1663:1664 Bacillus endozanthoxylicus sp 1636:1664 Bacillus endozanthoxylicus sp 1636:1664 Therefore, on the basis of the data from the polyphasic taxonomic study presented, strain 1404T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name proposed is Bacillus endozanthoxylicus sp. 28879837 11 35 theme Bacillus 1636:1643 arg1 name 1619:1622 the name 1615:1622 the name proposed 1615:1631 Therefore, on the basis of the data from the polyphasic taxonomic study presented, strain 1404T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name proposed is Bacillus endozanthoxylicus sp. 28879837 8 36 theme gene 968:971 arg1 sequences 973:981 16S rRNA gene sequences 959:981 16S rRNA gene sequences 959:981 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 1404T was affiliated to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillusoryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillusbenzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacilluscirculans DSM 11T with sequence similarity of 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28879837 7 37 theme major 800:804 arg1 acids 812:816 major fatty acids 800:816 The major fatty acids profile of strain 1404T 796:840 The major fatty acids profile of strain 1404T consisted of iso-C15 : 0 (25.6 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (18.4 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (12.1 %). 28879837 7 38 theme fatty 806:810 arg1 acids 812:816 major fatty acids 800:816 The major fatty acids profile of strain 1404T 796:840 The major fatty acids profile of strain 1404T consisted of iso-C15 : 0 (25.6 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (18.4 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (12.1 %). 28879837 11 39 from study 1525:1529 arg1 data 1490:1493 the data 1486:1493 the data from the polyphasic taxonomic study presented 1486:1539 Therefore, on the basis of the data from the polyphasic taxonomic study presented, strain 1404T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name proposed is Bacillus endozanthoxylicus sp. 28879837 10 40 theme type 1381:1384 arg1 strains 1386:1392 the type strains 1377:1392 the type strains of closely related species of the genus Bacillus 1377:1441 DNA-DNA hybridization values indicated that relatedness between strain 1404T and the type strains of closely related species of the genus Bacillus was below 41 %. 28879837 4 41 theme 15-45 °C and 403:414 arg1 pH 416:417 15-45 °C and pH 6.0-10.0 403:426 15-45 °C and pH 6.0-10.0 403:426 Strain 1404T was observed to grow at 15-45 °C and pH 6.0-10.0 and in presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl concentration. 28879837 11 42 theme novel 1568:1572 arg1 species 1574:1580 a novel species 1566:1580 a novel species 1566:1580 Therefore, on the basis of the data from the polyphasic taxonomic study presented, strain 1404T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name proposed is Bacillus endozanthoxylicus sp. 28879837 2 43 attach isolated 189:196 arg2 bacterium 153:161 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium 111:161 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium 111:161 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium, designated as 1404T, was isolated from leaves of Chinese red pepper (Huajiao) (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim) collected from Gansu, north-west China. 28879837 2 43 attach isolated 189:196 arg1 leaves 203:208 leaves 203:208 leaves 203:208 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium, designated as 1404T, was isolated from leaves of Chinese red pepper (Huajiao) (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim) collected from Gansu, north-west China. 28879837 8 44 theme 98.3 1192:1195 arg1 % 1212:1212 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 % 1192:1212 % 1212:1212 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 1404T was affiliated to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillusoryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillusbenzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacilluscirculans DSM 11T with sequence similarity of 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28879837 2 45 dep Gram-stain-positive 113:131 arg1 motile 146:151 motile 146:151 motile 146:151 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium, designated as 1404T, was isolated from leaves of Chinese red pepper (Huajiao) (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim) collected from Gansu, north-west China. 28879837 2 45 dep Gram-stain-positive 113:131 arg1 rod-shaped 134:143 rod-shaped 134:143 rod-shaped 134:143 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium, designated as 1404T, was isolated from leaves of Chinese red pepper (Huajiao) (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim) collected from Gansu, north-west China. 28879837 5 46 theme cell 483:486 arg1 wall 488:491 The cell wall 479:491 The cell wall of strain 1404T 479:507 The cell wall of strain 1404T was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the predominant respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. 28879837 8 47 theme sequence 1169:1176 arg1 similarity 1178:1187 sequence similarity 1169:1187 sequence similarity of 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 %, respectively 1169:1226 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 1404T was affiliated to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillusoryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillusbenzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacilluscirculans DSM 11T with sequence similarity of 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28879837 4 48 theme NaCl 459:462 arg1 concentration 464:476 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl concentration 447:476 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl concentration 447:476 Strain 1404T was observed to grow at 15-45 °C and pH 6.0-10.0 and in presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl concentration. 28879837 4 49 theme concentration 464:476 arg1 presence 435:442 presence 435:442 presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl concentration 435:476 Strain 1404T was observed to grow at 15-45 °C and pH 6.0-10.0 and in presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl concentration. 28879837 6 50 theme unidentified 726:737 arg1 phospholipid 739:750 an unidentified phospholipid 723:750 an unidentified phospholipid 723:750 The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid as well as three unidentified polar lipids. 28879837 10 51 theme species 1413:1419 arg1 strains 1386:1392 the type strains 1377:1392 the type strains of closely related species of the genus Bacillus 1377:1441 DNA-DNA hybridization values indicated that relatedness between strain 1404T and the type strains of closely related species of the genus Bacillus was below 41 %. 28879837 10 51 theme species 1413:1419 arg1 1404T 1367:1371 strain 1404T 1360:1371 strain 1404T 1360:1371 DNA-DNA hybridization values indicated that relatedness between strain 1404T and the type strains of closely related species of the genus Bacillus was below 41 %. 28879837 8 52 theme 5391T 1128:1132 arg1 11T 1160:1162 Bacillusoryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillusbenzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacilluscirculans DSM 11T 1075:1162 Bacillusoryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillusbenzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacilluscirculans DSM 11T with sequence similarity of 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 %, respectively 1075:1226 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 1404T was affiliated to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillusoryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillusbenzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacilluscirculans DSM 11T with sequence similarity of 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28879837 9 53 theme DNA 1260:1262 arg1 content 1237:1243 The G+C content 1229:1243 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1229:1262 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 39.4 mol%. 28879837 9 53 theme DNA 1260:1262 arg1 % 1293:1293 39.4 mol% 1285:1293 39.4 mol% 1285:1293 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 39.4 mol%. 28879837 8 54 theme strain 998:1003 arg1 1404T 1005:1009 strain 1404T 998:1009 strain 1404T 998:1009 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 1404T was affiliated to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillusoryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillusbenzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacilluscirculans DSM 11T with sequence similarity of 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28879837 11 55 dep data 1490:1493 arg1 the 1473:1475 the 1473:1475 the 1473:1475 Therefore, on the basis of the data from the polyphasic taxonomic study presented, strain 1404T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name proposed is Bacillus endozanthoxylicus sp. 28879837 11 55 dep data 1490:1493 arg1 basis 1477:1481 basis 1477:1481 basis 1477:1481 Therefore, on the basis of the data from the polyphasic taxonomic study presented, strain 1404T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name proposed is Bacillus endozanthoxylicus sp. 28879837 4 56 dep % 451:451 arg1 w/v 454:456 w/v 454:456 w/v 454:456 Strain 1404T was observed to grow at 15-45 °C and pH 6.0-10.0 and in presence of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl concentration. 28879837 10 57 theme related 1405:1411 arg1 species 1413:1419 closely related species 1397:1419 closely related species of the genus Bacillus 1397:1441 DNA-DNA hybridization values indicated that relatedness between strain 1404T and the type strains of closely related species of the genus Bacillus was below 41 %. 28879837 7 58 dep consisted 842:850 arg1  0 890:891  0 890:891  0 890:891 The major fatty acids profile of strain 1404T consisted of iso-C15 : 0 (25.6 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (18.4 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (12.1 %). 28879837 7 58 dep consisted 842:850 arg1 % 873:873 25.6 % 868:873 25.6 % 868:873 The major fatty acids profile of strain 1404T consisted of iso-C15 : 0 (25.6 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (18.4 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (12.1 %). 28879837 7 58 dep consisted 842:850 arg1  0 915:916  0 915:916  0 915:916 The major fatty acids profile of strain 1404T consisted of iso-C15 : 0 (25.6 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (18.4 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (12.1 %). 28879837 7 58 dep consisted 842:850 arg1 % 899:899 18.4 % 894:899 18.4 % 894:899 The major fatty acids profile of strain 1404T consisted of iso-C15 : 0 (25.6 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (18.4 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (12.1 %). 28879837 7 58 dep consisted 842:850 arg1 % 924:924 12.1 % 919:924 12.1 % 919:924 The major fatty acids profile of strain 1404T consisted of iso-C15 : 0 (25.6 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (18.4 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (12.1 %). 28879837 7 58 dep consisted 842:850 arg1  0 864:865  0 864:865  0 864:865 The major fatty acids profile of strain 1404T consisted of iso-C15 : 0 (25.6 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (18.4 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (12.1 %). 28879837 5 59 theme strain 496:501 arg1 1404T 503:507 strain 1404T 496:507 strain 1404T 496:507 The cell wall of strain 1404T was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the predominant respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. 28879837 8 60 theme 96.9  1207:1211 arg1 % 1212:1212 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 % 1192:1212 % 1212:1212 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 1404T was affiliated to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillusoryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillusbenzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacilluscirculans DSM 11T with sequence similarity of 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28879837 13 61 theme =CCTCC 1698:1703 arg1 1404T 1691:1695 1404T 1691:1695 1404T (=CCTCC AB 2017021T=KCTC 33827T) 1691:1728 The type strain is 1404T (=CCTCC AB 2017021T=KCTC 33827T). 28879837 13 61 theme =CCTCC 1698:1703 arg1 33827T 1722:1727 =CCTCC AB 2017021T=KCTC 33827T 1698:1727 =CCTCC AB 2017021T=KCTC 33827T 1698:1727 The type strain is 1404T (=CCTCC AB 2017021T=KCTC 33827T). 28879837 2 62 theme north-west 294:303 arg1 Gansu 287:291 Gansu 287:291 Gansu 287:291 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium, designated as 1404T, was isolated from leaves of Chinese red pepper (Huajiao) (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim) collected from Gansu, north-west China. 28879837 2 62 theme north-west 294:303 arg1 China 305:309 north-west China 294:309 north-west China 294:309 A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium, designated as 1404T, was isolated from leaves of Chinese red pepper (Huajiao) (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim) collected from Gansu, north-west China. 28879837 11 63 theme taxonomic 1515:1523 arg1 study 1525:1529 the polyphasic taxonomic study 1500:1529 the polyphasic taxonomic study presented 1500:1539 Therefore, on the basis of the data from the polyphasic taxonomic study presented, strain 1404T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name proposed is Bacillus endozanthoxylicus sp. 28879837 13 64 theme 2017021T=KCTC 1708:1720 arg1 1404T 1691:1695 1404T 1691:1695 1404T (=CCTCC AB 2017021T=KCTC 33827T) 1691:1728 The type strain is 1404T (=CCTCC AB 2017021T=KCTC 33827T). 28879837 13 64 theme 2017021T=KCTC 1708:1720 arg1 33827T 1722:1727 =CCTCC AB 2017021T=KCTC 33827T 1698:1727 =CCTCC AB 2017021T=KCTC 33827T 1698:1727 The type strain is 1404T (=CCTCC AB 2017021T=KCTC 33827T). 28879837 13 65 theme AB 1705:1706 arg1 1404T 1691:1695 1404T 1691:1695 1404T (=CCTCC AB 2017021T=KCTC 33827T) 1691:1728 The type strain is 1404T (=CCTCC AB 2017021T=KCTC 33827T). 28879837 13 65 theme AB 1705:1706 arg1 33827T 1722:1727 =CCTCC AB 2017021T=KCTC 33827T 1698:1727 =CCTCC AB 2017021T=KCTC 33827T 1698:1727 The type strain is 1404T (=CCTCC AB 2017021T=KCTC 33827T). 28879837 11 66 theme Bacillus 1595:1602 arg1 species 1574:1580 a novel species 1566:1580 a novel species 1566:1580 Therefore, on the basis of the data from the polyphasic taxonomic study presented, strain 1404T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name proposed is Bacillus endozanthoxylicus sp. 28879837 10 67 theme Bacillus 1434:1441 arg1 species 1413:1419 closely related species 1397:1419 closely related species of the genus Bacillus 1397:1441 DNA-DNA hybridization values indicated that relatedness between strain 1404T and the type strains of closely related species of the genus Bacillus was below 41 %. 28879837 11 68 theme polyphasic 1504:1513 arg1 study 1525:1529 the polyphasic taxonomic study 1500:1529 the polyphasic taxonomic study presented 1500:1539 Therefore, on the basis of the data from the polyphasic taxonomic study presented, strain 1404T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name proposed is Bacillus endozanthoxylicus sp. 28879837 1 69 theme endophytic 40:49 arg1 bacterium 51:59 an endophytic bacterium 37:59 an endophytic bacterium isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim 37:101 nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim leaves. 28879837 1 69 theme endophytic 40:49 arg1 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov. 31:34 nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim leaves. 28879837 8 70 theme Bacillusoryzisoli 1075:1091 arg1 11T 1160:1162 Bacillusoryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillusbenzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacilluscirculans DSM 11T 1075:1162 Bacillusoryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillusbenzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacilluscirculans DSM 11T with sequence similarity of 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 %, respectively 1075:1226 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 1404T was affiliated to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillusoryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillusbenzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacilluscirculans DSM 11T with sequence similarity of 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 %, respectively. 28879837 9 71 theme 39.4 mol 1285:1292 arg1 content 1237:1243 The G+C content 1229:1243 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1229:1262 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 39.4 mol%. 28879837 9 71 theme 39.4 mol 1285:1292 arg1 % 1293:1293 39.4 mol% 1285:1293 39.4 mol% 1285:1293 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 39.4 mol%. 26241330 4 0 theme derived 888:894 arg1 sub-clades 896:905 increasingly derived sub-clades 875:905 increasingly derived sub-clades 875:905 Combining phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization predictions, and a distillation of publically available gene expression data, we have traced the evolutionary trajectory of this gene family in photosynthetic eukaryotes, demonstrating two major sequence assemblages featuring a succession of increasingly derived sub-clades. 26241330 7 1 theme terminal 1327:1334 arg1 sequences 1344:1352 novel amino terminal protein sequences 1315:1352 novel amino terminal protein sequences 1315:1352 Distinct plant PP2C7 sub-clades demonstrate novel amino terminal protein sequences upon motif analysis, consistent with a shifting pattern of regulation of protein function. 26241330 9 2 theme both 1743:1746 arg1 understanding 1726:1738 a better understanding 1717:1738 a better understanding of both of these issues 1717:1762 Identification of the PP2C7 sequence clade has allowed us to provide a better understanding of both of these issues. 26241330 10 3 theme inter-domain 2049:2060 arg1 transfer 2067:2074 an inter-domain gene transfer 2046:2074 an inter-domain gene transfer 2046:2074 Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparisons using Hidden Markov Models strongly suggest that PP2Cs originated in Bacteria (Group II PP2C sequences), entered Eukaryotes through the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis, elaborated in Eukaryotes, then re-entered Bacteria through an inter-domain gene transfer, ultimately producing bacterial Group I PP2C sequences. 26241330 1 4 theme cellular 258:265 arg1 processes 277:285 diverse cellular signaling processes 250:285 diverse cellular signaling processes 250:285 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, mediating diverse cellular signaling processes through metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation of target proteins. 26241330 11 5 theme classic 2245:2251 arg1 Motif 2253:2257 classic Motif 5 2245:2259 classic Motif 5 2245:2259 A key evolutionary event, occurring first in ancient Eukaryotes, was the acquisition of a conserved aspartate in classic Motif 5. 26241330 1 6 theme type 173:176 arg1 PP2Cs 203:207 PP2Cs 203:207 PP2Cs 203:207 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, mediating diverse cellular signaling processes through metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation of target proteins. 26241330 1 6 theme type 173:176 arg1 phosphatases 189:200 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases 153:200 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) 153:208 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, mediating diverse cellular signaling processes through metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation of target proteins. 26241330 11 7 theme aspartate 2232:2240 arg1 acquisition 2205:2215 the acquisition 2201:2215 the acquisition of a conserved aspartate in classic Motif 5 2201:2259 A key evolutionary event, occurring first in ancient Eukaryotes, was the acquisition of a conserved aspartate in classic Motif 5. 26241330 11 7 theme aspartate 2232:2240 arg1 event 2151:2155 A key evolutionary event 2132:2155 A key evolutionary event 2132:2155 A key evolutionary event, occurring first in ancient Eukaryotes, was the acquisition of a conserved aspartate in classic Motif 5. 26241330 0 8 theme PPM/PP2C 122:129 arg1 Phosphatases 139:150 PPM/PP2C Protein Phosphatases 122:150 PPM/PP2C Protein Phosphatases 122:150 "PP2C7s", Genes Most Highly Elaborated in Photosynthetic Organisms, Reveal the Bacterial Origin and Stepwise Evolution of PPM/PP2C Protein Phosphatases. 26241330 7 9 with consistent 1375:1384 arg1 pattern 1402:1408 a shifting pattern 1391:1408 a shifting pattern of regulation of protein function 1391:1442 Distinct plant PP2C7 sub-clades demonstrate novel amino terminal protein sequences upon motif analysis, consistent with a shifting pattern of regulation of protein function. 26241330 1 10 theme protein 181:187 arg1 PP2Cs 203:207 PP2Cs 203:207 PP2Cs 203:207 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, mediating diverse cellular signaling processes through metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation of target proteins. 26241330 1 10 theme protein 181:187 arg1 phosphatases 189:200 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases 153:200 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) 153:208 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, mediating diverse cellular signaling processes through metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation of target proteins. 26241330 6 11 theme functions 1162:1170 arg1 pattern 1140:1146 a shifting pattern 1129:1146 a shifting pattern of PP2C7 gene functions, including possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice 1129:1268 Gene co-expression network composition strongly suggests a shifting pattern of PP2C7 gene functions, including possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice. 26241330 12 12 theme metal 2404:2408 arg1 pocket 2418:2423 a third metal binding pocket 2396:2423 a third metal binding pocket 2396:2423 This has been inherited subsequently by PP2C7s, eukaryotic PP2Cs and bacterial Group I PP2Cs, where it is crucial to the formation of a third metal binding pocket, and catalysis. 26241330 10 13 theme I 2114:2114 arg1 sequences 2121:2129 bacterial Group I PP2C sequences 2098:2129 bacterial Group I PP2C sequences 2098:2129 Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparisons using Hidden Markov Models strongly suggest that PP2Cs originated in Bacteria (Group II PP2C sequences), entered Eukaryotes through the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis, elaborated in Eukaryotes, then re-entered Bacteria through an inter-domain gene transfer, ultimately producing bacterial Group I PP2C sequences. 26241330 10 14 theme PP2C 1900:1903 arg1 sequences 1905:1913 Group II PP2C sequences 1891:1913 Group II PP2C sequences 1891:1913 Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparisons using Hidden Markov Models strongly suggest that PP2Cs originated in Bacteria (Group II PP2C sequences), entered Eukaryotes through the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis, elaborated in Eukaryotes, then re-entered Bacteria through an inter-domain gene transfer, ultimately producing bacterial Group I PP2C sequences. 26241330 10 14 theme PP2C 1900:1903 arg1 Bacteria 1881:1888 Bacteria 1881:1888 Bacteria (Group II PP2C sequences) 1881:1914 Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparisons using Hidden Markov Models strongly suggest that PP2Cs originated in Bacteria (Group II PP2C sequences), entered Eukaryotes through the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis, elaborated in Eukaryotes, then re-entered Bacteria through an inter-domain gene transfer, ultimately producing bacterial Group I PP2C sequences. 26241330 12 15 theme pocket 2418:2423 arg1 formation 2383:2391 the formation 2379:2391 the formation of a third metal binding pocket 2379:2423 This has been inherited subsequently by PP2C7s, eukaryotic PP2Cs and bacterial Group I PP2Cs, where it is crucial to the formation of a third metal binding pocket, and catalysis. 26241330 10 16 theme bacterial 2098:2106 arg1 sequences 2121:2129 bacterial Group I PP2C sequences 2098:2129 bacterial Group I PP2C sequences 2098:2129 Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparisons using Hidden Markov Models strongly suggest that PP2Cs originated in Bacteria (Group II PP2C sequences), entered Eukaryotes through the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis, elaborated in Eukaryotes, then re-entered Bacteria through an inter-domain gene transfer, ultimately producing bacterial Group I PP2C sequences. 26241330 1 17 from eukaryotes 228:237 arg1 ubiquitous 214:223 ubiquitous 214:223 ubiquitous 214:223 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, mediating diverse cellular signaling processes through metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation of target proteins. 26241330 10 18 theme Group 1891:1895 arg1 sequences 1905:1913 Group II PP2C sequences 1891:1913 Group II PP2C sequences 1891:1913 Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparisons using Hidden Markov Models strongly suggest that PP2Cs originated in Bacteria (Group II PP2C sequences), entered Eukaryotes through the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis, elaborated in Eukaryotes, then re-entered Bacteria through an inter-domain gene transfer, ultimately producing bacterial Group I PP2C sequences. 26241330 10 18 theme Group 1891:1895 arg1 Bacteria 1881:1888 Bacteria 1881:1888 Bacteria (Group II PP2C sequences) 1881:1914 Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparisons using Hidden Markov Models strongly suggest that PP2Cs originated in Bacteria (Group II PP2C sequences), entered Eukaryotes through the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis, elaborated in Eukaryotes, then re-entered Bacteria through an inter-domain gene transfer, ultimately producing bacterial Group I PP2C sequences. 26241330 9 19 theme PP2C7 1670:1674 arg1 clade 1685:1689 the PP2C7 sequence clade 1666:1689 the PP2C7 sequence clade 1666:1689 Identification of the PP2C7 sequence clade has allowed us to provide a better understanding of both of these issues. 26241330 1 20 from ubiquitous 214:223 arg1 eukaryotes 228:237 eukaryotes 228:237 eukaryotes 228:237 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, mediating diverse cellular signaling processes through metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation of target proteins. 26241330 5 21 theme ancestral 960:968 arg1 pattern 970:976 an ancestral pattern 957:976 an ancestral pattern in photosynthetic tissues 957:1002 These display predominant expression moving from an ancestral pattern in photosynthetic tissues toward non-photosynthetic, specialized and reproductive structures. 26241330 6 22 theme network 1091:1097 arg1 composition 1099:1109 Gene co-expression network composition 1072:1109 Gene co-expression network composition 1072:1109 Gene co-expression network composition strongly suggests a shifting pattern of PP2C7 gene functions, including possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice. 26241330 8 23 theme binding 1553:1559 arg1 characteristics 1561:1575 metal binding characteristics 1547:1575 metal binding characteristics 1547:1575 More broadly, neither the major events in PP2C sequence evolution, nor the origin of the diversity of metal binding characteristics currently observed in different PP2C lineages, are clearly understood. 26241330 7 24 theme function 1435:1442 arg1 regulation 1413:1422 regulation 1413:1422 regulation of protein function 1413:1442 Distinct plant PP2C7 sub-clades demonstrate novel amino terminal protein sequences upon motif analysis, consistent with a shifting pattern of regulation of protein function. 26241330 7 25 theme shifting 1393:1400 arg1 pattern 1402:1408 a shifting pattern 1391:1408 a shifting pattern of regulation of protein function 1391:1442 Distinct plant PP2C7 sub-clades demonstrate novel amino terminal protein sequences upon motif analysis, consistent with a shifting pattern of regulation of protein function. 26241330 4 26 theme gene 689:692 arg1 data 705:708 publically available gene expression data 668:708 publically available gene expression data 668:708 Combining phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization predictions, and a distillation of publically available gene expression data, we have traced the evolutionary trajectory of this gene family in photosynthetic eukaryotes, demonstrating two major sequence assemblages featuring a succession of increasingly derived sub-clades. 26241330 7 27 theme amino 1321:1325 arg1 sequences 1344:1352 novel amino terminal protein sequences 1315:1352 novel amino terminal protein sequences 1315:1352 Distinct plant PP2C7 sub-clades demonstrate novel amino terminal protein sequences upon motif analysis, consistent with a shifting pattern of regulation of protein function. 26241330 1 28 theme target 336:341 arg1 proteins 343:350 target proteins 336:350 target proteins 336:350 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, mediating diverse cellular signaling processes through metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation of target proteins. 26241330 6 29 theme Gene 1072:1075 arg1 network 1091:1097 Gene co-expression network 1072:1097 Gene co-expression network composition 1072:1109 Gene co-expression network composition strongly suggests a shifting pattern of PP2C7 gene functions, including possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice. 26241330 0 30 theme Phosphatases 139:150 arg1 Evolution 109:117 Stepwise Evolution 100:117 Stepwise Evolution 100:117 "PP2C7s", Genes Most Highly Elaborated in Photosynthetic Organisms, Reveal the Bacterial Origin and Stepwise Evolution of PPM/PP2C Protein Phosphatases. 26241330 0 30 theme Phosphatases 139:150 arg1 Origin 89:94 Bacterial Origin 79:94 Bacterial Origin 79:94 "PP2C7s", Genes Most Highly Elaborated in Photosynthetic Organisms, Reveal the Bacterial Origin and Stepwise Evolution of PPM/PP2C Protein Phosphatases. 26241330 4 31 theme data 705:708 arg1 analysis 598:605 phylogenetic analysis 585:605 phylogenetic analysis 585:605 Combining phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization predictions, and a distillation of publically available gene expression data, we have traced the evolutionary trajectory of this gene family in photosynthetic eukaryotes, demonstrating two major sequence assemblages featuring a succession of increasingly derived sub-clades. 26241330 4 31 theme data 705:708 arg1 predictions 633:643 subcellular localization predictions 608:643 subcellular localization predictions 608:643 Combining phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization predictions, and a distillation of publically available gene expression data, we have traced the evolutionary trajectory of this gene family in photosynthetic eukaryotes, demonstrating two major sequence assemblages featuring a succession of increasingly derived sub-clades. 26241330 4 31 theme data 705:708 arg1 distillation 652:663 a distillation 650:663 a distillation of publically available gene expression data 650:708 Combining phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization predictions, and a distillation of publically available gene expression data, we have traced the evolutionary trajectory of this gene family in photosynthetic eukaryotes, demonstrating two major sequence assemblages featuring a succession of increasingly derived sub-clades. 26241330 12 32 theme third 2398:2402 arg1 pocket 2418:2423 a third metal binding pocket 2396:2423 a third metal binding pocket 2396:2423 This has been inherited subsequently by PP2C7s, eukaryotic PP2Cs and bacterial Group I PP2Cs, where it is crucial to the formation of a third metal binding pocket, and catalysis. 26241330 4 33 theme gene 762:765 arg1 family 767:772 this gene family 757:772 this gene family 757:772 Combining phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization predictions, and a distillation of publically available gene expression data, we have traced the evolutionary trajectory of this gene family in photosynthetic eukaryotes, demonstrating two major sequence assemblages featuring a succession of increasingly derived sub-clades. 26241330 7 34 theme PP2C7 1286:1290 arg1 sub-clades 1292:1301 Distinct plant PP2C7 sub-clades 1271:1301 Distinct plant PP2C7 sub-clades 1271:1301 Distinct plant PP2C7 sub-clades demonstrate novel amino terminal protein sequences upon motif analysis, consistent with a shifting pattern of regulation of protein function. 26241330 5 35 theme non-photosynthetic 1011:1028 arg1 structures 1060:1069 non-photosynthetic, specialized and reproductive structures 1011:1069 non-photosynthetic, specialized and reproductive structures 1011:1069 These display predominant expression moving from an ancestral pattern in photosynthetic tissues toward non-photosynthetic, specialized and reproductive structures. 26241330 8 36 theme PP2C 1609:1612 arg1 lineages 1614:1621 different PP2C lineages 1599:1621 different PP2C lineages 1599:1621 More broadly, neither the major events in PP2C sequence evolution, nor the origin of the diversity of metal binding characteristics currently observed in different PP2C lineages, are clearly understood. 26241330 12 37 theme I 2347:2347 arg1 PP2Cs 2349:2353 bacterial Group I PP2Cs 2331:2353 bacterial Group I PP2Cs 2331:2353 This has been inherited subsequently by PP2C7s, eukaryotic PP2Cs and bacterial Group I PP2Cs, where it is crucial to the formation of a third metal binding pocket, and catalysis. 26241330 0 38 theme Bacterial 79:87 arg1 Origin 89:94 Bacterial Origin 79:94 Bacterial Origin 79:94 "PP2C7s", Genes Most Highly Elaborated in Photosynthetic Organisms, Reveal the Bacterial Origin and Stepwise Evolution of PPM/PP2C Protein Phosphatases. 26241330 5 39 theme specialized 1031:1041 arg1 structures 1060:1069 non-photosynthetic, specialized and reproductive structures 1011:1069 non-photosynthetic, specialized and reproductive structures 1011:1069 These display predominant expression moving from an ancestral pattern in photosynthetic tissues toward non-photosynthetic, specialized and reproductive structures. 26241330 7 40 theme protein 1427:1433 arg1 function 1435:1442 protein function 1427:1442 protein function 1427:1442 Distinct plant PP2C7 sub-clades demonstrate novel amino terminal protein sequences upon motif analysis, consistent with a shifting pattern of regulation of protein function. 26241330 0 41 theme Photosynthetic 42:55 arg1 Organisms 57:65 Photosynthetic Organisms 42:65 Photosynthetic Organisms 42:65 "PP2C7s", Genes Most Highly Elaborated in Photosynthetic Organisms, Reveal the Bacterial Origin and Stepwise Evolution of PPM/PP2C Protein Phosphatases. 26241330 4 42 theme evolutionary 730:741 arg1 trajectory 743:752 the evolutionary trajectory 726:752 the evolutionary trajectory of this gene family in photosynthetic eukaryotes 726:801 Combining phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization predictions, and a distillation of publically available gene expression data, we have traced the evolutionary trajectory of this gene family in photosynthetic eukaryotes, demonstrating two major sequence assemblages featuring a succession of increasingly derived sub-clades. 26241330 11 43 from acquisition 2205:2215 arg1 Motif 2253:2257 classic Motif 5 2245:2259 classic Motif 5 2245:2259 A key evolutionary event, occurring first in ancient Eukaryotes, was the acquisition of a conserved aspartate in classic Motif 5. 26241330 2 44 theme sequence 388:395 arg1 class 397:401 a distinct PP2C sequence class 372:401 a distinct PP2C sequence class ("PP2C7s") which is nearly universally distributed in Eukaryotes 372:466 We have identified a distinct PP2C sequence class ("PP2C7s") which is nearly universally distributed in Eukaryotes, and therefore apparently ancient. 26241330 2 44 theme sequence 388:395 arg1 " 411:411 "PP2C7s" 404:411 "PP2C7s" 404:411 We have identified a distinct PP2C sequence class ("PP2C7s") which is nearly universally distributed in Eukaryotes, and therefore apparently ancient. 26241330 1 45 theme signaling 267:275 arg1 processes 277:285 diverse cellular signaling processes 250:285 diverse cellular signaling processes 250:285 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, mediating diverse cellular signaling processes through metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation of target proteins. 26241330 7 46 theme regulation 1413:1422 arg1 pattern 1402:1408 a shifting pattern 1391:1408 a shifting pattern of regulation of protein function 1391:1442 Distinct plant PP2C7 sub-clades demonstrate novel amino terminal protein sequences upon motif analysis, consistent with a shifting pattern of regulation of protein function. 26241330 8 47 theme major 1471:1475 arg1 events 1477:1482 the major events 1467:1482 the major events in PP2C sequence evolution 1467:1509 More broadly, neither the major events in PP2C sequence evolution, nor the origin of the diversity of metal binding characteristics currently observed in different PP2C lineages, are clearly understood. 26241330 3 48 from algae 568:572 arg1 diverse 540:546 diverse 540:546 diverse 540:546 PP2C7s are by far most prominent and diverse in plants and green algae. 26241330 10 49 theme Phylogenetic 1765:1776 arg1 analysis 1778:1785 Phylogenetic analysis 1765:1785 Phylogenetic analysis 1765:1785 Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparisons using Hidden Markov Models strongly suggest that PP2Cs originated in Bacteria (Group II PP2C sequences), entered Eukaryotes through the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis, elaborated in Eukaryotes, then re-entered Bacteria through an inter-domain gene transfer, ultimately producing bacterial Group I PP2C sequences. 26241330 9 50 theme sequence 1676:1683 arg1 clade 1685:1689 the PP2C7 sequence clade 1666:1689 the PP2C7 sequence clade 1666:1689 Identification of the PP2C7 sequence clade has allowed us to provide a better understanding of both of these issues. 26241330 10 51 theme ancestral 1948:1956 arg1 endosymbiosis 1972:1984 the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis 1944:1984 the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis 1944:1984 Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparisons using Hidden Markov Models strongly suggest that PP2Cs originated in Bacteria (Group II PP2C sequences), entered Eukaryotes through the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis, elaborated in Eukaryotes, then re-entered Bacteria through an inter-domain gene transfer, ultimately producing bacterial Group I PP2C sequences. 26241330 4 52 theme major 822:826 arg1 assemblages 837:847 two major sequence assemblages 818:847 two major sequence assemblages featuring a succession of increasingly derived sub-clades 818:905 Combining phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization predictions, and a distillation of publically available gene expression data, we have traced the evolutionary trajectory of this gene family in photosynthetic eukaryotes, demonstrating two major sequence assemblages featuring a succession of increasingly derived sub-clades. 26241330 2 53 theme PP2C7s 405:410 arg1 class 397:401 a distinct PP2C sequence class 372:401 a distinct PP2C sequence class ("PP2C7s") which is nearly universally distributed in Eukaryotes 372:466 We have identified a distinct PP2C sequence class ("PP2C7s") which is nearly universally distributed in Eukaryotes, and therefore apparently ancient. 26241330 2 53 theme PP2C7s 405:410 arg1 " 411:411 "PP2C7s" 404:411 "PP2C7s" 404:411 We have identified a distinct PP2C sequence class ("PP2C7s") which is nearly universally distributed in Eukaryotes, and therefore apparently ancient. 26241330 1 54 theme ion 301:303 arg1 dephosphorylation 315:331 metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation 295:331 metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation of target proteins 295:350 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, mediating diverse cellular signaling processes through metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation of target proteins. 26241330 8 55 theme sequence 1492:1499 arg1 evolution 1501:1509 PP2C sequence evolution 1487:1509 PP2C sequence evolution 1487:1509 More broadly, neither the major events in PP2C sequence evolution, nor the origin of the diversity of metal binding characteristics currently observed in different PP2C lineages, are clearly understood. 26241330 6 56 from regulation 1192:1201 arg1 Arabidopsis 1249:1259 Arabidopsis 1249:1259 Arabidopsis 1249:1259 Gene co-expression network composition strongly suggests a shifting pattern of PP2C7 gene functions, including possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice. 26241330 6 56 from regulation 1192:1201 arg1 rice 1265:1268 rice 1265:1268 rice 1265:1268 Gene co-expression network composition strongly suggests a shifting pattern of PP2C7 gene functions, including possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice. 26241330 6 57 theme starch 1206:1211 arg1 metabolism 1213:1222 starch metabolism 1206:1222 starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice 1206:1268 Gene co-expression network composition strongly suggests a shifting pattern of PP2C7 gene functions, including possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice. 26241330 5 58 theme reproductive 1047:1058 arg1 structures 1060:1069 non-photosynthetic, specialized and reproductive structures 1011:1069 non-photosynthetic, specialized and reproductive structures 1011:1069 These display predominant expression moving from an ancestral pattern in photosynthetic tissues toward non-photosynthetic, specialized and reproductive structures. 26241330 4 59 theme phylogenetic 585:596 arg1 analysis 598:605 phylogenetic analysis 585:605 phylogenetic analysis 585:605 Combining phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization predictions, and a distillation of publically available gene expression data, we have traced the evolutionary trajectory of this gene family in photosynthetic eukaryotes, demonstrating two major sequence assemblages featuring a succession of increasingly derived sub-clades. 26241330 2 60 theme distinct 374:381 arg1 class 397:401 a distinct PP2C sequence class 372:401 a distinct PP2C sequence class ("PP2C7s") which is nearly universally distributed in Eukaryotes 372:466 We have identified a distinct PP2C sequence class ("PP2C7s") which is nearly universally distributed in Eukaryotes, and therefore apparently ancient. 26241330 2 60 theme distinct 374:381 arg1 " 411:411 "PP2C7s" 404:411 "PP2C7s" 404:411 We have identified a distinct PP2C sequence class ("PP2C7s") which is nearly universally distributed in Eukaryotes, and therefore apparently ancient. 26241330 9 61 theme better 1719:1724 arg1 understanding 1726:1738 a better understanding 1717:1738 a better understanding of both of these issues 1717:1762 Identification of the PP2C7 sequence clade has allowed us to provide a better understanding of both of these issues. 26241330 10 62 theme Hidden 1818:1823 arg1 Models 1832:1837 Hidden Markov Models 1818:1837 Hidden Markov Models 1818:1837 Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparisons using Hidden Markov Models strongly suggest that PP2Cs originated in Bacteria (Group II PP2C sequences), entered Eukaryotes through the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis, elaborated in Eukaryotes, then re-entered Bacteria through an inter-domain gene transfer, ultimately producing bacterial Group I PP2C sequences. 26241330 11 63 theme conserved 2222:2230 arg1 aspartate 2232:2240 a conserved aspartate 2220:2240 a conserved aspartate 2220:2240 A key evolutionary event, occurring first in ancient Eukaryotes, was the acquisition of a conserved aspartate in classic Motif 5. 26241330 7 64 theme protein 1336:1342 arg1 sequences 1344:1352 novel amino terminal protein sequences 1315:1352 novel amino terminal protein sequences 1315:1352 Distinct plant PP2C7 sub-clades demonstrate novel amino terminal protein sequences upon motif analysis, consistent with a shifting pattern of regulation of protein function. 26241330 1 65 theme diverse 250:256 arg1 processes 277:285 diverse cellular signaling processes 250:285 diverse cellular signaling processes 250:285 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, mediating diverse cellular signaling processes through metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation of target proteins. 26241330 4 66 theme sub-clades 896:905 arg1 succession 861:870 a succession 859:870 a succession of increasingly derived sub-clades 859:905 Combining phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization predictions, and a distillation of publically available gene expression data, we have traced the evolutionary trajectory of this gene family in photosynthetic eukaryotes, demonstrating two major sequence assemblages featuring a succession of increasingly derived sub-clades. 26241330 1 67 theme Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent 153:171 arg1 PP2Cs 203:207 PP2Cs 203:207 PP2Cs 203:207 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, mediating diverse cellular signaling processes through metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation of target proteins. 26241330 1 67 theme Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent 153:171 arg1 phosphatases 189:200 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases 153:200 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) 153:208 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, mediating diverse cellular signaling processes through metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation of target proteins. 26241330 8 68 from events 1477:1482 arg1 evolution 1501:1509 PP2C sequence evolution 1487:1509 PP2C sequence evolution 1487:1509 More broadly, neither the major events in PP2C sequence evolution, nor the origin of the diversity of metal binding characteristics currently observed in different PP2C lineages, are clearly understood. 26241330 1 69 theme 2C 178:179 arg1 PP2Cs 203:207 PP2Cs 203:207 PP2Cs 203:207 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, mediating diverse cellular signaling processes through metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation of target proteins. 26241330 1 69 theme 2C 178:179 arg1 phosphatases 189:200 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases 153:200 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) 153:208 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, mediating diverse cellular signaling processes through metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation of target proteins. 26241330 6 70 theme homologue 1232:1240 arg1 set 1242:1244 one homologue set 1228:1244 one homologue set 1228:1244 Gene co-expression network composition strongly suggests a shifting pattern of PP2C7 gene functions, including possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice. 26241330 4 71 link derived 888:894 arg1 sub-clades 896:905 increasingly derived sub-clades 875:905 increasingly derived sub-clades 875:905 Combining phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization predictions, and a distillation of publically available gene expression data, we have traced the evolutionary trajectory of this gene family in photosynthetic eukaryotes, demonstrating two major sequence assemblages featuring a succession of increasingly derived sub-clades. 26241330 0 72 theme Stepwise 100:107 arg1 Evolution 109:117 Stepwise Evolution 100:117 Stepwise Evolution 100:117 "PP2C7s", Genes Most Highly Elaborated in Photosynthetic Organisms, Reveal the Bacterial Origin and Stepwise Evolution of PPM/PP2C Protein Phosphatases. 26241330 4 73 theme sequence 828:835 arg1 assemblages 837:847 two major sequence assemblages 818:847 two major sequence assemblages featuring a succession of increasingly derived sub-clades 818:905 Combining phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization predictions, and a distillation of publically available gene expression data, we have traced the evolutionary trajectory of this gene family in photosynthetic eukaryotes, demonstrating two major sequence assemblages featuring a succession of increasingly derived sub-clades. 26241330 11 74 theme key 2134:2136 arg1 acquisition 2205:2215 the acquisition 2201:2215 the acquisition of a conserved aspartate in classic Motif 5 2201:2259 A key evolutionary event, occurring first in ancient Eukaryotes, was the acquisition of a conserved aspartate in classic Motif 5. 26241330 11 74 theme key 2134:2136 arg1 event 2151:2155 A key evolutionary event 2132:2155 A key evolutionary event 2132:2155 A key evolutionary event, occurring first in ancient Eukaryotes, was the acquisition of a conserved aspartate in classic Motif 5. 26241330 11 75 theme ancient 2177:2183 arg1 Eukaryotes 2185:2194 ancient Eukaryotes 2177:2194 ancient Eukaryotes 2177:2194 A key evolutionary event, occurring first in ancient Eukaryotes, was the acquisition of a conserved aspartate in classic Motif 5. 26241330 12 76 theme binding 2410:2416 arg1 pocket 2418:2423 a third metal binding pocket 2396:2423 a third metal binding pocket 2396:2423 This has been inherited subsequently by PP2C7s, eukaryotic PP2Cs and bacterial Group I PP2Cs, where it is crucial to the formation of a third metal binding pocket, and catalysis. 26241330 4 77 theme localization 620:631 arg1 predictions 633:643 subcellular localization predictions 608:643 subcellular localization predictions 608:643 Combining phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization predictions, and a distillation of publically available gene expression data, we have traced the evolutionary trajectory of this gene family in photosynthetic eukaryotes, demonstrating two major sequence assemblages featuring a succession of increasingly derived sub-clades. 26241330 10 78 theme gene 2062:2065 arg1 transfer 2067:2074 an inter-domain gene transfer 2046:2074 an inter-domain gene transfer 2046:2074 Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparisons using Hidden Markov Models strongly suggest that PP2Cs originated in Bacteria (Group II PP2C sequences), entered Eukaryotes through the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis, elaborated in Eukaryotes, then re-entered Bacteria through an inter-domain gene transfer, ultimately producing bacterial Group I PP2C sequences. 26241330 8 79 theme diversity 1534:1542 arg1 origin 1520:1525 the origin 1516:1525 the origin of the diversity of metal binding characteristics currently observed in different PP2C lineages 1516:1621 More broadly, neither the major events in PP2C sequence evolution, nor the origin of the diversity of metal binding characteristics currently observed in different PP2C lineages, are clearly understood. 26241330 10 80 theme Group 2108:2112 arg1 sequences 2121:2129 bacterial Group I PP2C sequences 2098:2129 bacterial Group I PP2C sequences 2098:2129 Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparisons using Hidden Markov Models strongly suggest that PP2Cs originated in Bacteria (Group II PP2C sequences), entered Eukaryotes through the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis, elaborated in Eukaryotes, then re-entered Bacteria through an inter-domain gene transfer, ultimately producing bacterial Group I PP2C sequences. 26241330 0 81 theme Protein 131:137 arg1 Phosphatases 139:150 PPM/PP2C Protein Phosphatases 122:150 PPM/PP2C Protein Phosphatases 122:150 "PP2C7s", Genes Most Highly Elaborated in Photosynthetic Organisms, Reveal the Bacterial Origin and Stepwise Evolution of PPM/PP2C Protein Phosphatases. 26241330 3 82 theme green 562:566 arg1 algae 568:572 green algae 562:572 green algae 562:572 PP2C7s are by far most prominent and diverse in plants and green algae. 26241330 8 83 theme metal 1547:1551 arg1 characteristics 1561:1575 metal binding characteristics 1547:1575 metal binding characteristics 1547:1575 More broadly, neither the major events in PP2C sequence evolution, nor the origin of the diversity of metal binding characteristics currently observed in different PP2C lineages, are clearly understood. 26241330 10 84 dep originated 1867:1876 arg1 re-entered 2018:2027 re-entered 2018:2027 then re-entered Bacteria through an inter-domain gene transfer 2013:2074 Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparisons using Hidden Markov Models strongly suggest that PP2Cs originated in Bacteria (Group II PP2C sequences), entered Eukaryotes through the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis, elaborated in Eukaryotes, then re-entered Bacteria through an inter-domain gene transfer, ultimately producing bacterial Group I PP2C sequences. 26241330 10 84 dep originated 1867:1876 arg1 entered 1917:1923 entered 1917:1923 entered Eukaryotes through the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis, elaborated in Eukaryotes 1917:2010 Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparisons using Hidden Markov Models strongly suggest that PP2Cs originated in Bacteria (Group II PP2C sequences), entered Eukaryotes through the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis, elaborated in Eukaryotes, then re-entered Bacteria through an inter-domain gene transfer, ultimately producing bacterial Group I PP2C sequences. 26241330 3 85 from diverse 540:546 arg1 plants 551:556 plants 551:556 plants 551:556 PP2C7s are by far most prominent and diverse in plants and green algae. 26241330 3 85 from diverse 540:546 arg1 algae 568:572 green algae 562:572 green algae 562:572 PP2C7s are by far most prominent and diverse in plants and green algae. 26241330 8 86 theme characteristics 1561:1575 arg1 diversity 1534:1542 the diversity 1530:1542 the diversity of metal binding characteristics currently observed in different PP2C lineages 1530:1621 More broadly, neither the major events in PP2C sequence evolution, nor the origin of the diversity of metal binding characteristics currently observed in different PP2C lineages, are clearly understood. 26241330 12 87 theme bacterial 2331:2339 arg1 PP2Cs 2349:2353 bacterial Group I PP2Cs 2331:2353 bacterial Group I PP2Cs 2331:2353 This has been inherited subsequently by PP2C7s, eukaryotic PP2Cs and bacterial Group I PP2Cs, where it is crucial to the formation of a third metal binding pocket, and catalysis. 26241330 3 88 from plants 551:556 arg1 diverse 540:546 diverse 540:546 diverse 540:546 PP2C7s are by far most prominent and diverse in plants and green algae. 26241330 7 89 theme novel 1315:1319 arg1 sequences 1344:1352 novel amino terminal protein sequences 1315:1352 novel amino terminal protein sequences 1315:1352 Distinct plant PP2C7 sub-clades demonstrate novel amino terminal protein sequences upon motif analysis, consistent with a shifting pattern of regulation of protein function. 26241330 6 90 theme co-expression 1077:1089 arg1 network 1091:1097 Gene co-expression network 1072:1097 Gene co-expression network composition 1072:1109 Gene co-expression network composition strongly suggests a shifting pattern of PP2C7 gene functions, including possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice. 26241330 4 91 theme available 679:687 arg1 data 705:708 publically available gene expression data 668:708 publically available gene expression data 668:708 Combining phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization predictions, and a distillation of publically available gene expression data, we have traced the evolutionary trajectory of this gene family in photosynthetic eukaryotes, demonstrating two major sequence assemblages featuring a succession of increasingly derived sub-clades. 26241330 10 92 theme PP2C 2116:2119 arg1 sequences 2121:2129 bacterial Group I PP2C sequences 2098:2129 bacterial Group I PP2C sequences 2098:2129 Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparisons using Hidden Markov Models strongly suggest that PP2Cs originated in Bacteria (Group II PP2C sequences), entered Eukaryotes through the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis, elaborated in Eukaryotes, then re-entered Bacteria through an inter-domain gene transfer, ultimately producing bacterial Group I PP2C sequences. 26241330 1 93 theme proteins 343:350 arg1 dephosphorylation 315:331 metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation 295:331 metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation of target proteins 295:350 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, mediating diverse cellular signaling processes through metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation of target proteins. 26241330 5 94 theme predominant 922:932 arg1 expression 934:943 predominant expression 922:943 predominant expression moving from an ancestral pattern in photosynthetic tissues toward non-photosynthetic, specialized and reproductive structures 922:1069 These display predominant expression moving from an ancestral pattern in photosynthetic tissues toward non-photosynthetic, specialized and reproductive structures. 26241330 8 95 theme different 1599:1607 arg1 lineages 1614:1621 different PP2C lineages 1599:1621 different PP2C lineages 1599:1621 More broadly, neither the major events in PP2C sequence evolution, nor the origin of the diversity of metal binding characteristics currently observed in different PP2C lineages, are clearly understood. 26241330 4 96 theme expression 694:703 arg1 data 705:708 publically available gene expression data 668:708 publically available gene expression data 668:708 Combining phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization predictions, and a distillation of publically available gene expression data, we have traced the evolutionary trajectory of this gene family in photosynthetic eukaryotes, demonstrating two major sequence assemblages featuring a succession of increasingly derived sub-clades. 26241330 7 97 theme plant 1280:1284 arg1 sub-clades 1292:1301 Distinct plant PP2C7 sub-clades 1271:1301 Distinct plant PP2C7 sub-clades 1271:1301 Distinct plant PP2C7 sub-clades demonstrate novel amino terminal protein sequences upon motif analysis, consistent with a shifting pattern of regulation of protein function. 26241330 0 98 dep Origin 89:94 arg1 the 75:77 the 75:77 the 75:77 "PP2C7s", Genes Most Highly Elaborated in Photosynthetic Organisms, Reveal the Bacterial Origin and Stepwise Evolution of PPM/PP2C Protein Phosphatases. 26241330 11 99 theme evolutionary 2138:2149 arg1 acquisition 2205:2215 the acquisition 2201:2215 the acquisition of a conserved aspartate in classic Motif 5 2201:2259 A key evolutionary event, occurring first in ancient Eukaryotes, was the acquisition of a conserved aspartate in classic Motif 5. 26241330 11 99 theme evolutionary 2138:2149 arg1 event 2151:2155 A key evolutionary event 2132:2155 A key evolutionary event 2132:2155 A key evolutionary event, occurring first in ancient Eukaryotes, was the acquisition of a conserved aspartate in classic Motif 5. 26241330 6 100 from Arabidopsis 1249:1259 arg1 regulation 1192:1201 possible regulation 1183:1201 possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice 1183:1268 Gene co-expression network composition strongly suggests a shifting pattern of PP2C7 gene functions, including possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice. 26241330 8 101 located observed 1587:1594 arg1 lineages 1614:1621 different PP2C lineages 1599:1621 different PP2C lineages 1599:1621 More broadly, neither the major events in PP2C sequence evolution, nor the origin of the diversity of metal binding characteristics currently observed in different PP2C lineages, are clearly understood. 26241330 8 101 located observed 1587:1594 arg2 diversity 1534:1542 the diversity 1530:1542 the diversity of metal binding characteristics currently observed in different PP2C lineages 1530:1621 More broadly, neither the major events in PP2C sequence evolution, nor the origin of the diversity of metal binding characteristics currently observed in different PP2C lineages, are clearly understood. 26241330 6 102 theme gene 1157:1160 arg1 functions 1162:1170 PP2C7 gene functions 1151:1170 PP2C7 gene functions 1151:1170 Gene co-expression network composition strongly suggests a shifting pattern of PP2C7 gene functions, including possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice. 26241330 6 102 theme gene 1157:1160 arg1 regulation 1192:1201 possible regulation 1183:1201 possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice 1183:1268 Gene co-expression network composition strongly suggests a shifting pattern of PP2C7 gene functions, including possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice. 26241330 4 103 theme family 767:772 arg1 trajectory 743:752 the evolutionary trajectory 726:752 the evolutionary trajectory of this gene family in photosynthetic eukaryotes 726:801 Combining phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization predictions, and a distillation of publically available gene expression data, we have traced the evolutionary trajectory of this gene family in photosynthetic eukaryotes, demonstrating two major sequence assemblages featuring a succession of increasingly derived sub-clades. 26241330 6 104 from rice 1265:1268 arg1 regulation 1192:1201 possible regulation 1183:1201 possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice 1183:1268 Gene co-expression network composition strongly suggests a shifting pattern of PP2C7 gene functions, including possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice. 26241330 0 105 theme PP2C7s 1:6 arg1 " 7:7 "PP2C7s" 0:7 "PP2C7s" 0:7 "PP2C7s", Genes Most Highly Elaborated in Photosynthetic Organisms, Reveal the Bacterial Origin and Stepwise Evolution of PPM/PP2C Protein Phosphatases. 26241330 0 105 theme PP2C7s 1:6 arg1 Genes 10:14 Genes 10:14 Genes Most Highly Elaborated in Photosynthetic Organisms 10:65 "PP2C7s", Genes Most Highly Elaborated in Photosynthetic Organisms, Reveal the Bacterial Origin and Stepwise Evolution of PPM/PP2C Protein Phosphatases. 26241330 4 106 from trajectory 743:752 arg1 eukaryotes 792:801 photosynthetic eukaryotes 777:801 photosynthetic eukaryotes 777:801 Combining phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization predictions, and a distillation of publically available gene expression data, we have traced the evolutionary trajectory of this gene family in photosynthetic eukaryotes, demonstrating two major sequence assemblages featuring a succession of increasingly derived sub-clades. 26241330 2 107 theme PP2C 383:386 arg1 class 397:401 a distinct PP2C sequence class 372:401 a distinct PP2C sequence class ("PP2C7s") which is nearly universally distributed in Eukaryotes 372:466 We have identified a distinct PP2C sequence class ("PP2C7s") which is nearly universally distributed in Eukaryotes, and therefore apparently ancient. 26241330 2 107 theme PP2C 383:386 arg1 " 411:411 "PP2C7s" 404:411 "PP2C7s" 404:411 We have identified a distinct PP2C sequence class ("PP2C7s") which is nearly universally distributed in Eukaryotes, and therefore apparently ancient. 26241330 5 108 theme photosynthetic 981:994 arg1 tissues 996:1002 photosynthetic tissues 981:1002 photosynthetic tissues 981:1002 These display predominant expression moving from an ancestral pattern in photosynthetic tissues toward non-photosynthetic, specialized and reproductive structures. 26241330 6 109 theme shifting 1131:1138 arg1 pattern 1140:1146 a shifting pattern 1129:1146 a shifting pattern of PP2C7 gene functions, including possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice 1129:1268 Gene co-expression network composition strongly suggests a shifting pattern of PP2C7 gene functions, including possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice. 26241330 10 110 theme mitochondrial 1958:1970 arg1 endosymbiosis 1972:1984 the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis 1944:1984 the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis 1944:1984 Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparisons using Hidden Markov Models strongly suggest that PP2Cs originated in Bacteria (Group II PP2C sequences), entered Eukaryotes through the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis, elaborated in Eukaryotes, then re-entered Bacteria through an inter-domain gene transfer, ultimately producing bacterial Group I PP2C sequences. 26241330 12 111 theme eukaryotic 2310:2319 arg1 PP2Cs 2321:2325 eukaryotic PP2Cs 2310:2325 eukaryotic PP2Cs 2310:2325 This has been inherited subsequently by PP2C7s, eukaryotic PP2Cs and bacterial Group I PP2Cs, where it is crucial to the formation of a third metal binding pocket, and catalysis. 26241330 1 112 theme metal 295:299 arg1 dephosphorylation 315:331 metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation 295:331 metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation of target proteins 295:350 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, mediating diverse cellular signaling processes through metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation of target proteins. 26241330 9 113 theme clade 1685:1689 arg1 Identification 1648:1661 Identification 1648:1661 Identification of the PP2C7 sequence clade 1648:1689 Identification of the PP2C7 sequence clade has allowed us to provide a better understanding of both of these issues. 26241330 7 114 theme Distinct 1271:1278 arg1 sub-clades 1292:1301 Distinct plant PP2C7 sub-clades 1271:1301 Distinct plant PP2C7 sub-clades 1271:1301 Distinct plant PP2C7 sub-clades demonstrate novel amino terminal protein sequences upon motif analysis, consistent with a shifting pattern of regulation of protein function. 26241330 1 115 theme catalyzed 305:313 arg1 dephosphorylation 315:331 metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation 295:331 metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation of target proteins 295:350 Mg+2/Mn+2-dependent type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, mediating diverse cellular signaling processes through metal ion catalyzed dephosphorylation of target proteins. 26241330 6 116 theme metabolism 1213:1222 arg1 regulation 1192:1201 possible regulation 1183:1201 possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice 1183:1268 Gene co-expression network composition strongly suggests a shifting pattern of PP2C7 gene functions, including possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice. 26241330 8 117 theme PP2C 1487:1490 arg1 evolution 1501:1509 PP2C sequence evolution 1487:1509 PP2C sequence evolution 1487:1509 More broadly, neither the major events in PP2C sequence evolution, nor the origin of the diversity of metal binding characteristics currently observed in different PP2C lineages, are clearly understood. 26241330 6 118 from metabolism 1213:1222 arg1 Arabidopsis 1249:1259 Arabidopsis 1249:1259 Arabidopsis 1249:1259 Gene co-expression network composition strongly suggests a shifting pattern of PP2C7 gene functions, including possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice. 26241330 6 118 from metabolism 1213:1222 arg1 rice 1265:1268 rice 1265:1268 rice 1265:1268 Gene co-expression network composition strongly suggests a shifting pattern of PP2C7 gene functions, including possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice. 26241330 10 119 theme sequence 1791:1798 arg1 comparisons 1800:1810 sequence comparisons 1791:1810 sequence comparisons 1791:1810 Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparisons using Hidden Markov Models strongly suggest that PP2Cs originated in Bacteria (Group II PP2C sequences), entered Eukaryotes through the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis, elaborated in Eukaryotes, then re-entered Bacteria through an inter-domain gene transfer, ultimately producing bacterial Group I PP2C sequences. 26241330 7 120 theme motif 1359:1363 arg1 analysis 1365:1372 motif analysis 1359:1372 motif analysis 1359:1372 Distinct plant PP2C7 sub-clades demonstrate novel amino terminal protein sequences upon motif analysis, consistent with a shifting pattern of regulation of protein function. 26241330 12 121 theme Group 2341:2345 arg1 PP2Cs 2349:2353 bacterial Group I PP2Cs 2331:2353 bacterial Group I PP2Cs 2331:2353 This has been inherited subsequently by PP2C7s, eukaryotic PP2Cs and bacterial Group I PP2Cs, where it is crucial to the formation of a third metal binding pocket, and catalysis. 26241330 4 122 theme photosynthetic 777:790 arg1 eukaryotes 792:801 photosynthetic eukaryotes 777:801 photosynthetic eukaryotes 777:801 Combining phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization predictions, and a distillation of publically available gene expression data, we have traced the evolutionary trajectory of this gene family in photosynthetic eukaryotes, demonstrating two major sequence assemblages featuring a succession of increasingly derived sub-clades. 26241330 5 123 from pattern 970:976 arg1 tissues 996:1002 photosynthetic tissues 981:1002 photosynthetic tissues 981:1002 These display predominant expression moving from an ancestral pattern in photosynthetic tissues toward non-photosynthetic, specialized and reproductive structures. 26241330 6 124 theme possible 1183:1190 arg1 regulation 1192:1201 possible regulation 1183:1201 possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice 1183:1268 Gene co-expression network composition strongly suggests a shifting pattern of PP2C7 gene functions, including possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice. 26241330 6 125 theme PP2C7 1151:1155 arg1 functions 1162:1170 PP2C7 gene functions 1151:1170 PP2C7 gene functions 1151:1170 Gene co-expression network composition strongly suggests a shifting pattern of PP2C7 gene functions, including possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice. 26241330 6 125 theme PP2C7 1151:1155 arg1 regulation 1192:1201 possible regulation 1183:1201 possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice 1183:1268 Gene co-expression network composition strongly suggests a shifting pattern of PP2C7 gene functions, including possible regulation of starch metabolism for one homologue set in Arabidopsis and rice. 26241330 4 126 theme subcellular 608:618 arg1 predictions 633:643 subcellular localization predictions 608:643 subcellular localization predictions 608:643 Combining phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization predictions, and a distillation of publically available gene expression data, we have traced the evolutionary trajectory of this gene family in photosynthetic eukaryotes, demonstrating two major sequence assemblages featuring a succession of increasingly derived sub-clades. 26241330 10 127 theme Markov 1825:1830 arg1 Models 1832:1837 Hidden Markov Models 1818:1837 Hidden Markov Models 1818:1837 Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparisons using Hidden Markov Models strongly suggest that PP2Cs originated in Bacteria (Group II PP2C sequences), entered Eukaryotes through the ancestral mitochondrial endosymbiosis, elaborated in Eukaryotes, then re-entered Bacteria through an inter-domain gene transfer, ultimately producing bacterial Group I PP2C sequences. 25015412 1 0 from wounds 42:47 arg1 America 76:82 America 76:82 America 76:82 nov., isolated from wounds of human patients in North America. 25015412 13 1 theme wound 2331:2335 arg1 infections 2337:2346 wound infections 2331:2346 wound infections 2331:2346 The results of our polyphasic analysis suggest the new isolates obtained from wound infections represent a novel species within the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia vulneris sp. 25015412 9 2 theme whole-cell 1641:1650 arg1 sugars 1652:1657 whole-cell sugars 1641:1657 whole-cell sugars detected 1641:1666 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 8 3 from sequences 1236:1244 arg1 silico 1217:1222 silico 1217:1222 silico from genome sequences 1217:1244 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain W9851T and the N. brasiliensis type strain was 72.8 % and 65.8 % when measured in the laboratory and in silico from genome sequences, respectively, and 95.6 % ANI. 25015412 13 4 theme new 2304:2306 arg1 isolates 2308:2315 the new isolates 2300:2315 the new isolates obtained from wound infections 2300:2346 The results of our polyphasic analysis suggest the new isolates obtained from wound infections represent a novel species within the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia vulneris sp. 25015412 2 5 from ubiquitous 106:115 arg1 environment 124:134 the environment 120:134 the environment with an increasing number of species isolated from clinical sources 120:202 Nocardia species are ubiquitous in the environment with an increasing number of species isolated from clinical sources. 25015412 6 6 theme nearest 774:780 arg1 strains 844:850 the type strains 835:850 the type strains for Nocardia altamirensis (99.33 % sequence similarity), Nocardia brasiliensis (99.37 %), Nocardia iowensis (98.95 %) and Nocardia tenerifensis (98.44 %) 835:1004 The nearest phylogenetically related neighbours were found to be the type strains for Nocardia altamirensis (99.33 % sequence similarity), Nocardia brasiliensis (99.37 %), Nocardia iowensis (98.95 %) and Nocardia tenerifensis (98.44 %). 25015412 6 6 theme nearest 774:780 arg1 neighbours 807:816 The nearest phylogenetically related neighbours 770:816 The nearest phylogenetically related neighbours 770:816 The nearest phylogenetically related neighbours were found to be the type strains for Nocardia altamirensis (99.33 % sequence similarity), Nocardia brasiliensis (99.37 %), Nocardia iowensis (98.95 %) and Nocardia tenerifensis (98.44 %). 25015412 9 7 contain contain 1315:1321 arg1 peptidoglycan 1288:1300 Whole-cell peptidoglycan 1277:1300 Whole-cell peptidoglycan 1277:1300 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 9 7 contain contain 1315:1321 arg2 acid 1343:1346 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1323:1346 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1323:1346 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 11 8 from species 2066:2072 arg1 different 2036:2044 different 2036:2044 different 2036:2044 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates showed genus and species level profiles that were different from other Nocardia species. 25015412 5 9 theme gene 661:664 arg1 sequences 666:674 16S rRNA gene sequences 652:674 16S rRNA gene sequences 652:674 Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the eight isolates are 100 % identical to each other and belong in the genus Nocardia. 25015412 9 10 theme fatty 1415:1419 arg1 C16:0 1446:1450 C16:0 1446:1450 C16:0 1446:1450 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 9 10 theme fatty 1415:1419 arg1 acids 1421:1425 the major fatty acids 1405:1425 the major fatty acids 1405:1425 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 9 10 theme fatty 1415:1419 arg1 C18:1 1470:1474 C18:1 1470:1474 C18:1 1470:1474 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 9 10 theme fatty 1415:1419 arg1 C18:0 1459:1463 C18:0 1459:1463 C18:0 1459:1463 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 14 11 theme 45737T 2486:2491 arg1 108936T 2514:2520 = DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T 2480:2520 = DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T 2480:2520 nov. is proposed, with strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain. 25015412 14 11 theme 45737T 2486:2491 arg1 W9851T 2472:2477 strain W9851T 2465:2477 strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain 2465:2540 nov. is proposed, with strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain. 25015412 3 12 dep 2009 218:221 arg1 to 215:216 to 215:216 to 215:216 From 2005 to 2009, eight isolates (W9042, W9247, W9290, W9319, W9846, W9851T, W9865, and W9908) were obtained from eight patients from three states in the United States and Canada; all were from males ranging in age from 47 to 81 years old; and all were obtained from finger (n = 5) or leg (n = 3) wounds. 25015412 13 13 theme polyphasic 2272:2281 arg1 analysis 2283:2290 our polyphasic analysis 2268:2290 our polyphasic analysis 2268:2290 The results of our polyphasic analysis suggest the new isolates obtained from wound infections represent a novel species within the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia vulneris sp. 25015412 11 14 theme Matrix-assisted 1877:1891 arg1 ionization-time 1910:1924 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time 1877:1924 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates 1877:1984 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates showed genus and species level profiles that were different from other Nocardia species. 25015412 3 15 from years 435:439 arg1 age 417:419 age 417:419 age from 47 to 81 years old 417:443 From 2005 to 2009, eight isolates (W9042, W9247, W9290, W9319, W9846, W9851T, W9865, and W9908) were obtained from eight patients from three states in the United States and Canada; all were from males ranging in age from 47 to 81 years old; and all were obtained from finger (n = 5) or leg (n = 3) wounds. 25015412 11 16 theme spectra 1953:1959 arg1 ionization-time 1910:1924 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time 1877:1924 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates 1877:1984 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates showed genus and species level profiles that were different from other Nocardia species. 25015412 14 17 theme NBRC 2509:2512 arg1 108936T 2514:2520 = DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T 2480:2520 = DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T 2480:2520 nov. is proposed, with strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain. 25015412 14 17 theme NBRC 2509:2512 arg1 W9851T 2472:2477 strain W9851T 2465:2477 strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain 2465:2540 nov. is proposed, with strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain. 25015412 8 18 theme brasiliensis 1131:1142 arg1 strain 1149:1154 the N. brasiliensis type strain 1124:1154 the N. brasiliensis type strain 1124:1154 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain W9851T and the N. brasiliensis type strain was 72.8 % and 65.8 % when measured in the laboratory and in silico from genome sequences, respectively, and 95.6 % ANI. 25015412 13 19 theme name 2415:2418 arg1 sp 2438:2439 the name Nocardia vulneris sp 2411:2439 the name Nocardia vulneris sp 2411:2439 The results of our polyphasic analysis suggest the new isolates obtained from wound infections represent a novel species within the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia vulneris sp. 25015412 13 20 theme genus 2385:2389 arg1 Nocardia 2391:2398 the genus Nocardia 2381:2398 the genus Nocardia 2381:2398 The results of our polyphasic analysis suggest the new isolates obtained from wound infections represent a novel species within the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia vulneris sp. 25015412 8 21 theme DNA-DNA 1078:1084 arg1 relatedness 1086:1096 The DNA-DNA relatedness 1074:1096 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain W9851T and the N. brasiliensis type strain 1074:1154 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain W9851T and the N. brasiliensis type strain was 72.8 % and 65.8 % when measured in the laboratory and in silico from genome sequences, respectively, and 95.6 % ANI. 25015412 8 21 theme DNA-DNA 1078:1084 arg1 % 1165:1165 72.8 % 1160:1165 72.8 % 1160:1165 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain W9851T and the N. brasiliensis type strain was 72.8 % and 65.8 % when measured in the laboratory and in silico from genome sequences, respectively, and 95.6 % ANI. 25015412 13 22 theme vulneris 2429:2436 arg1 sp 2438:2439 the name Nocardia vulneris sp 2411:2439 the name Nocardia vulneris sp 2411:2439 The results of our polyphasic analysis suggest the new isolates obtained from wound infections represent a novel species within the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia vulneris sp. 25015412 11 23 theme isolates 1977:1984 arg1 spectra 1953:1959 flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra 1929:1959 flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates 1929:1984 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates showed genus and species level profiles that were different from other Nocardia species. 25015412 9 24 theme carbon 1738:1743 arg1 atoms 1745:1749 38 to 60 carbon atoms 1729:1749 38 to 60 carbon atoms 1729:1749 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 4 25 theme phenotypic 579:588 arg1 methods 622:628 molecular, phenotypic, morphologic and chemotaxonomic methods 568:628 molecular, phenotypic, morphologic and chemotaxonomic methods 568:628 Isolates were characterized by polyphasic analysis using molecular, phenotypic, morphologic and chemotaxonomic methods. 25015412 9 26 dep C16:0 1446:1450 arg1 found 1516:1520 found 1516:1520 were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides 1511:1638 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 9 26 dep C16:0 1446:1450 arg1 arabinose 1673:1681 arabinose 1673:1681 arabinose 1673:1681 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 9 26 dep C16:0 1446:1450 arg1 found 1756:1760 found 1756:1760 were found to be present 1751:1774 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 9 26 dep C16:0 1446:1450 arg1 w9c 1476:1478 w9c 1476:1478 w9c 1476:1478 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 6 27 theme related 799:805 arg1 strains 844:850 the type strains 835:850 the type strains for Nocardia altamirensis (99.33 % sequence similarity), Nocardia brasiliensis (99.37 %), Nocardia iowensis (98.95 %) and Nocardia tenerifensis (98.44 %) 835:1004 The nearest phylogenetically related neighbours were found to be the type strains for Nocardia altamirensis (99.33 % sequence similarity), Nocardia brasiliensis (99.37 %), Nocardia iowensis (98.95 %) and Nocardia tenerifensis (98.44 %). 25015412 6 27 theme related 799:805 arg1 neighbours 807:816 The nearest phylogenetically related neighbours 770:816 The nearest phylogenetically related neighbours 770:816 The nearest phylogenetically related neighbours were found to be the type strains for Nocardia altamirensis (99.33 % sequence similarity), Nocardia brasiliensis (99.37 %), Nocardia iowensis (98.95 %) and Nocardia tenerifensis (98.44 %). 25015412 14 28 theme = 2480:2480 arg1 108936T 2514:2520 = DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T 2480:2520 = DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T 2480:2520 nov. is proposed, with strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain. 25015412 14 28 theme = 2480:2480 arg1 W9851T 2472:2477 strain W9851T 2465:2477 strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain 2465:2540 nov. is proposed, with strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain. 25015412 4 29 theme morphologic 591:601 arg1 methods 622:628 molecular, phenotypic, morphologic and chemotaxonomic methods 568:628 molecular, phenotypic, morphologic and chemotaxonomic methods 568:628 Isolates were characterized by polyphasic analysis using molecular, phenotypic, morphologic and chemotaxonomic methods. 25015412 1 30 theme patients 58:65 arg1 wounds 42:47 wounds 42:47 wounds of human patients in North America 42:82 nov., isolated from wounds of human patients in North America. 25015412 6 31 theme % 885:885 arg1 similarity 896:905 99.33 % sequence similarity 879:905 99.33 % sequence similarity 879:905 The nearest phylogenetically related neighbours were found to be the type strains for Nocardia altamirensis (99.33 % sequence similarity), Nocardia brasiliensis (99.37 %), Nocardia iowensis (98.95 %) and Nocardia tenerifensis (98.44 %). 25015412 6 31 theme % 885:885 arg1 altamirensis 865:876 Nocardia altamirensis 856:876 Nocardia altamirensis (99.33 % sequence similarity) 856:906 The nearest phylogenetically related neighbours were found to be the type strains for Nocardia altamirensis (99.33 % sequence similarity), Nocardia brasiliensis (99.37 %), Nocardia iowensis (98.95 %) and Nocardia tenerifensis (98.44 %). 25015412 11 32 theme desorption 1899:1908 arg1 ionization-time 1910:1924 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time 1877:1924 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates 1877:1984 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates showed genus and species level profiles that were different from other Nocardia species. 25015412 0 33 theme Nocardia 0:7 arg1 sp 18:19 Nocardia vulneris sp 0:19 Nocardia vulneris sp. 0:20 Nocardia vulneris sp. 25015412 2 34 attach isolated 173:180 arg1 sources 196:202 clinical sources 187:202 clinical sources 187:202 Nocardia species are ubiquitous in the environment with an increasing number of species isolated from clinical sources. 25015412 2 34 attach isolated 173:180 arg2 species 165:171 species 165:171 species isolated from clinical sources 165:202 Nocardia species are ubiquitous in the environment with an increasing number of species isolated from clinical sources. 25015412 9 35 theme predominant 1485:1495 arg1 phospholipids 1497:1509 the predominant phospholipids 1481:1509 the predominant phospholipids 1481:1509 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 4 36 theme molecular 568:576 arg1 methods 622:628 molecular, phenotypic, morphologic and chemotaxonomic methods 568:628 molecular, phenotypic, morphologic and chemotaxonomic methods 568:628 Isolates were characterized by polyphasic analysis using molecular, phenotypic, morphologic and chemotaxonomic methods. 25015412 5 37 theme 16S 652:654 arg1 sequences 666:674 16S rRNA gene sequences 652:674 16S rRNA gene sequences 652:674 Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the eight isolates are 100 % identical to each other and belong in the genus Nocardia. 25015412 7 38 theme mol 1067:1069 arg1 content 1015:1021 The G+C content 1007:1021 The G+C content of isolate W9851T 1007:1039 The G+C content of isolate W9851T was determined to be 68.4 mol %. 25015412 7 38 theme mol 1067:1069 arg1 % 1071:1071 68.4 mol % 1062:1071 68.4 mol % 1062:1071 The G+C content of isolate W9851T was determined to be 68.4 mol %. 25015412 10 39 theme isolates 1845:1852 arg1 assignment 1827:1836 assignment 1827:1836 assignment of the isolates to the genus Nocardia 1827:1874 These chemotaxonomic analyses are consistent with assignment of the isolates to the genus Nocardia. 25015412 9 40 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1323:1341 arg1 acid 1343:1346 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1323:1346 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1323:1346 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 2 41 with environment 124:134 arg1 number 155:160 an increasing number 141:160 an increasing number of species isolated from clinical sources 141:202 Nocardia species are ubiquitous in the environment with an increasing number of species isolated from clinical sources. 25015412 13 42 theme novel 2360:2364 arg1 species 2366:2372 a novel species 2358:2372 a novel species 2358:2372 The results of our polyphasic analysis suggest the new isolates obtained from wound infections represent a novel species within the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia vulneris sp. 25015412 2 43 theme increasing 144:153 arg1 number 155:160 an increasing number 141:160 an increasing number of species isolated from clinical sources 141:202 Nocardia species are ubiquitous in the environment with an increasing number of species isolated from clinical sources. 25015412 11 44 theme Nocardia 2057:2064 arg1 species 2066:2072 other Nocardia species 2051:2072 other Nocardia species 2051:2072 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates showed genus and species level profiles that were different from other Nocardia species. 25015412 3 45 theme = 498:498 arg1 wounds 503:508 finger (n = 5) or leg (n = 3) wounds 473:508 wounds 503:508 From 2005 to 2009, eight isolates (W9042, W9247, W9290, W9319, W9846, W9851T, W9865, and W9908) were obtained from eight patients from three states in the United States and Canada; all were from males ranging in age from 47 to 81 years old; and all were obtained from finger (n = 5) or leg (n = 3) wounds. 25015412 3 45 theme = 498:498 arg1 n 496:496 n = 3 496:500 n = 3 496:500 From 2005 to 2009, eight isolates (W9042, W9247, W9290, W9319, W9846, W9851T, W9865, and W9908) were obtained from eight patients from three states in the United States and Canada; all were from males ranging in age from 47 to 81 years old; and all were obtained from finger (n = 5) or leg (n = 3) wounds. 25015412 4 46 theme chemotaxonomic 607:620 arg1 methods 622:628 molecular, phenotypic, morphologic and chemotaxonomic methods 568:628 molecular, phenotypic, morphologic and chemotaxonomic methods 568:628 Isolates were characterized by polyphasic analysis using molecular, phenotypic, morphologic and chemotaxonomic methods. 25015412 7 47 theme W9851T 1034:1039 arg1 content 1015:1021 The G+C content 1007:1021 The G+C content of isolate W9851T 1007:1039 The G+C content of isolate W9851T was determined to be 68.4 mol %. 25015412 7 47 theme W9851T 1034:1039 arg1 % 1071:1071 68.4 mol % 1062:1071 68.4 mol % 1062:1071 The G+C content of isolate W9851T was determined to be 68.4 mol %. 25015412 3 48 dep isolates 230:237 arg1 isolates 230:237 eight isolates 224:237 eight isolates (W9042, W9247, W9290, W9319, W9846, W9851T, W9865, and W9908) 224:299 From 2005 to 2009, eight isolates (W9042, W9247, W9290, W9319, W9846, W9851T, W9865, and W9908) were obtained from eight patients from three states in the United States and Canada; all were from males ranging in age from 47 to 81 years old; and all were obtained from finger (n = 5) or leg (n = 3) wounds. 25015412 3 48 dep isolates 230:237 arg1 W9865 283:287 W9865 283:287 W9865 283:287 From 2005 to 2009, eight isolates (W9042, W9247, W9290, W9319, W9846, W9851T, W9865, and W9908) were obtained from eight patients from three states in the United States and Canada; all were from males ranging in age from 47 to 81 years old; and all were obtained from finger (n = 5) or leg (n = 3) wounds. 25015412 3 48 dep isolates 230:237 arg1 W9319 261:265 W9319 261:265 W9319 261:265 From 2005 to 2009, eight isolates (W9042, W9247, W9290, W9319, W9846, W9851T, W9865, and W9908) were obtained from eight patients from three states in the United States and Canada; all were from males ranging in age from 47 to 81 years old; and all were obtained from finger (n = 5) or leg (n = 3) wounds. 25015412 3 48 dep isolates 230:237 arg1 W9846 268:272 W9846 268:272 W9846 268:272 From 2005 to 2009, eight isolates (W9042, W9247, W9290, W9319, W9846, W9851T, W9865, and W9908) were obtained from eight patients from three states in the United States and Canada; all were from males ranging in age from 47 to 81 years old; and all were obtained from finger (n = 5) or leg (n = 3) wounds. 25015412 3 48 dep isolates 230:237 arg1 W9908 294:298 W9908 294:298 W9908 294:298 From 2005 to 2009, eight isolates (W9042, W9247, W9290, W9319, W9846, W9851T, W9865, and W9908) were obtained from eight patients from three states in the United States and Canada; all were from males ranging in age from 47 to 81 years old; and all were obtained from finger (n = 5) or leg (n = 3) wounds. 25015412 3 48 dep isolates 230:237 arg1 W9247 247:251 W9247 247:251 W9247 247:251 From 2005 to 2009, eight isolates (W9042, W9247, W9290, W9319, W9846, W9851T, W9865, and W9908) were obtained from eight patients from three states in the United States and Canada; all were from males ranging in age from 47 to 81 years old; and all were obtained from finger (n = 5) or leg (n = 3) wounds. 25015412 2 49 theme species 165:171 arg1 number 155:160 an increasing number 141:160 an increasing number of species isolated from clinical sources 141:202 Nocardia species are ubiquitous in the environment with an increasing number of species isolated from clinical sources. 25015412 14 50 theme CCUG 2495:2498 arg1 108936T 2514:2520 = DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T 2480:2520 = DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T 2480:2520 nov. is proposed, with strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain. 25015412 14 50 theme CCUG 2495:2498 arg1 W9851T 2472:2477 strain W9851T 2465:2477 strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain 2465:2540 nov. is proposed, with strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain. 25015412 1 51 from patients 58:65 arg1 America 76:82 America 76:82 America 76:82 nov., isolated from wounds of human patients in North America. 25015412 7 52 theme G+C 1011:1013 arg1 content 1015:1021 The G+C content 1007:1021 The G+C content of isolate W9851T 1007:1039 The G+C content of isolate W9851T was determined to be 68.4 mol %. 25015412 7 52 theme G+C 1011:1013 arg1 % 1071:1071 68.4 mol % 1062:1071 68.4 mol % 1062:1071 The G+C content of isolate W9851T was determined to be 68.4 mol %. 25015412 9 53 theme phosphatidylinositol 1608:1627 arg1 mannosides 1629:1638 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 1608:1638 phosphatidylinositol mannosides 1608:1638 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 2 54 theme Nocardia 85:92 arg1 species 94:100 Nocardia species 85:100 Nocardia species 85:100 Nocardia species are ubiquitous in the environment with an increasing number of species isolated from clinical sources. 25015412 11 55 theme species 2003:2009 arg1 profiles 2017:2024 genus and species level profiles 1993:2024 genus and species level profiles that were different from other Nocardia species 1993:2072 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates showed genus and species level profiles that were different from other Nocardia species. 25015412 13 56 theme analysis 2283:2290 arg1 results 2257:2263 The results 2253:2263 The results of our polyphasic analysis 2253:2290 The results of our polyphasic analysis suggest the new isolates obtained from wound infections represent a novel species within the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia vulneris sp. 25015412 9 57 theme major 1386:1390 arg1 ω-cyc 1358:1362 MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc 1349:1362 MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc 1349:1362 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 9 57 theme major 1386:1390 arg1 menaquinone 1392:1402 the major menaquinone 1382:1402 the major menaquinone 1382:1402 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 11 58 theme genus 1993:1997 arg1 profiles 2017:2024 genus and species level profiles 1993:2024 genus and species level profiles that were different from other Nocardia species 1993:2072 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates showed genus and species level profiles that were different from other Nocardia species. 25015412 3 59 theme old 441:443 arg1 years 435:439 47 to 81 years old 426:443 47 to 81 years old 426:443 From 2005 to 2009, eight isolates (W9042, W9247, W9290, W9319, W9846, W9851T, W9865, and W9908) were obtained from eight patients from three states in the United States and Canada; all were from males ranging in age from 47 to 81 years old; and all were obtained from finger (n = 5) or leg (n = 3) wounds. 25015412 5 60 theme rRNA 656:659 arg1 sequences 666:674 16S rRNA gene sequences 652:674 16S rRNA gene sequences 652:674 Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the eight isolates are 100 % identical to each other and belong in the genus Nocardia. 25015412 9 61 theme major 1409:1413 arg1 C16:0 1446:1450 C16:0 1446:1450 C16:0 1446:1450 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 9 61 theme major 1409:1413 arg1 acids 1421:1425 the major fatty acids 1405:1425 the major fatty acids 1405:1425 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 9 61 theme major 1409:1413 arg1 C18:1 1470:1474 C18:1 1470:1474 C18:1 1470:1474 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 9 61 theme major 1409:1413 arg1 C18:0 1459:1463 C18:0 1459:1463 C18:0 1459:1463 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 10 62 theme genus 1861:1865 arg1 Nocardia 1867:1874 the genus Nocardia 1857:1874 the genus Nocardia 1857:1874 These chemotaxonomic analyses are consistent with assignment of the isolates to the genus Nocardia. 25015412 5 63 theme sequences 666:674 arg1 analysis 640:647 Sequence analysis 631:647 Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 631:674 Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the eight isolates are 100 % identical to each other and belong in the genus Nocardia. 25015412 14 64 theme 62683T 2500:2505 arg1 108936T 2514:2520 = DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T 2480:2520 = DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T 2480:2520 nov. is proposed, with strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain. 25015412 14 64 theme 62683T 2500:2505 arg1 W9851T 2472:2477 strain W9851T 2465:2477 strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain 2465:2540 nov. is proposed, with strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain. 25015412 14 65 theme type 2530:2533 arg1 strain 2535:2540 the type strain 2526:2540 the type strain 2526:2540 nov. is proposed, with strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain. 25015412 11 66 theme level 2011:2015 arg1 profiles 2017:2024 genus and species level profiles 1993:2024 genus and species level profiles that were different from other Nocardia species 1993:2072 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates showed genus and species level profiles that were different from other Nocardia species. 25015412 10 67 with consistent 1811:1820 arg1 assignment 1827:1836 assignment 1827:1836 assignment of the isolates to the genus Nocardia 1827:1874 These chemotaxonomic analyses are consistent with assignment of the isolates to the genus Nocardia. 25015412 2 68 from environment 124:134 arg1 ubiquitous 106:115 ubiquitous 106:115 ubiquitous 106:115 Nocardia species are ubiquitous in the environment with an increasing number of species isolated from clinical sources. 25015412 9 69 theme mycolic 1702:1708 arg1 acids 1710:1714 mycolic acids 1702:1714 mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms 1702:1749 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 6 70 theme type 839:842 arg1 strains 844:850 the type strains 835:850 the type strains for Nocardia altamirensis (99.33 % sequence similarity), Nocardia brasiliensis (99.37 %), Nocardia iowensis (98.95 %) and Nocardia tenerifensis (98.44 %) 835:1004 The nearest phylogenetically related neighbours were found to be the type strains for Nocardia altamirensis (99.33 % sequence similarity), Nocardia brasiliensis (99.37 %), Nocardia iowensis (98.95 %) and Nocardia tenerifensis (98.44 %). 25015412 6 70 theme type 839:842 arg1 neighbours 807:816 The nearest phylogenetically related neighbours 770:816 The nearest phylogenetically related neighbours 770:816 The nearest phylogenetically related neighbours were found to be the type strains for Nocardia altamirensis (99.33 % sequence similarity), Nocardia brasiliensis (99.37 %), Nocardia iowensis (98.95 %) and Nocardia tenerifensis (98.44 %). 25015412 8 71 dep % 1270:1270 arg1 ANI 1272:1274 ANI 1272:1274 95.6 % ANI 1265:1274 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain W9851T and the N. brasiliensis type strain was 72.8 % and 65.8 % when measured in the laboratory and in silico from genome sequences, respectively, and 95.6 % ANI. 25015412 3 72 dep 81 432:433 arg1 to 429:430 to 429:430 to 429:430 From 2005 to 2009, eight isolates (W9042, W9247, W9290, W9319, W9846, W9851T, W9865, and W9908) were obtained from eight patients from three states in the United States and Canada; all were from males ranging in age from 47 to 81 years old; and all were obtained from finger (n = 5) or leg (n = 3) wounds. 25015412 8 73 theme genome 1229:1234 arg1 sequences 1236:1244 genome sequences 1229:1244 genome sequences 1229:1244 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain W9851T and the N. brasiliensis type strain was 72.8 % and 65.8 % when measured in the laboratory and in silico from genome sequences, respectively, and 95.6 % ANI. 25015412 14 74 theme = 2507:2507 arg1 108936T 2514:2520 = DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T 2480:2520 = DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T 2480:2520 nov. is proposed, with strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain. 25015412 14 74 theme = 2507:2507 arg1 W9851T 2472:2477 strain W9851T 2465:2477 strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain 2465:2540 nov. is proposed, with strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain. 25015412 13 75 theme Nocardia 2420:2427 arg1 sp 2438:2439 the name Nocardia vulneris sp 2411:2439 the name Nocardia vulneris sp 2411:2439 The results of our polyphasic analysis suggest the new isolates obtained from wound infections represent a novel species within the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia vulneris sp. 25015412 11 76 theme mass 1948:1951 arg1 spectra 1953:1959 flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra 1929:1959 flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates 1929:1984 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates showed genus and species level profiles that were different from other Nocardia species. 25015412 8 77 dep strain 1106:1111 arg1 W9851T 1113:1118 W9851T 1113:1118 W9851T 1113:1118 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain W9851T and the N. brasiliensis type strain was 72.8 % and 65.8 % when measured in the laboratory and in silico from genome sequences, respectively, and 95.6 % ANI. 25015412 1 78 theme human 52:56 arg1 patients 58:65 human patients 52:65 human patients in North America 52:82 nov., isolated from wounds of human patients in North America. 25015412 6 79 theme sequence 887:894 arg1 similarity 896:905 99.33 % sequence similarity 879:905 99.33 % sequence similarity 879:905 The nearest phylogenetically related neighbours were found to be the type strains for Nocardia altamirensis (99.33 % sequence similarity), Nocardia brasiliensis (99.37 %), Nocardia iowensis (98.95 %) and Nocardia tenerifensis (98.44 %). 25015412 6 79 theme sequence 887:894 arg1 altamirensis 865:876 Nocardia altamirensis 856:876 Nocardia altamirensis (99.33 % sequence similarity) 856:906 The nearest phylogenetically related neighbours were found to be the type strains for Nocardia altamirensis (99.33 % sequence similarity), Nocardia brasiliensis (99.37 %), Nocardia iowensis (98.95 %) and Nocardia tenerifensis (98.44 %). 25015412 11 80 theme clinical 1968:1975 arg1 isolates 1977:1984 the clinical isolates 1964:1984 the clinical isolates 1964:1984 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates showed genus and species level profiles that were different from other Nocardia species. 25015412 0 81 theme vulneris 9:16 arg1 sp 18:19 Nocardia vulneris sp 0:19 Nocardia vulneris sp. 0:20 Nocardia vulneris sp. 25015412 14 82 theme = 2493:2493 arg1 108936T 2514:2520 = DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T 2480:2520 = DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T 2480:2520 nov. is proposed, with strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain. 25015412 14 82 theme = 2493:2493 arg1 W9851T 2472:2477 strain W9851T 2465:2477 strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain 2465:2540 nov. is proposed, with strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain. 25015412 4 83 theme polyphasic 542:551 arg1 analysis 553:560 polyphasic analysis 542:560 polyphasic analysis using molecular, phenotypic, morphologic and chemotaxonomic methods 542:628 Isolates were characterized by polyphasic analysis using molecular, phenotypic, morphologic and chemotaxonomic methods. 25015412 5 84 theme genus 754:758 arg1 Nocardia 760:767 the genus Nocardia 750:767 the genus Nocardia 750:767 Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the eight isolates are 100 % identical to each other and belong in the genus Nocardia. 25015412 14 85 theme DSM 2482:2484 arg1 108936T 2514:2520 = DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T 2480:2520 = DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T 2480:2520 nov. is proposed, with strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain. 25015412 14 85 theme DSM 2482:2484 arg1 W9851T 2472:2477 strain W9851T 2465:2477 strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain 2465:2540 nov. is proposed, with strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain. 25015412 11 86 theme laser 1893:1897 arg1 ionization-time 1910:1924 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time 1877:1924 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates 1877:1984 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates showed genus and species level profiles that were different from other Nocardia species. 25015412 8 87 theme N. 1128:1129 arg1 strain 1149:1154 the N. brasiliensis type strain 1124:1154 the N. brasiliensis type strain 1124:1154 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain W9851T and the N. brasiliensis type strain was 72.8 % and 65.8 % when measured in the laboratory and in silico from genome sequences, respectively, and 95.6 % ANI. 25015412 11 88 theme MALDI-TOF 1937:1945 arg1 spectra 1953:1959 flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra 1929:1959 flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates 1929:1984 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates showed genus and species level profiles that were different from other Nocardia species. 25015412 3 89 theme = 483:483 arg1 finger 473:478 finger (n = 5) or leg (n = 3) wounds 473:508 finger 473:478 From 2005 to 2009, eight isolates (W9042, W9247, W9290, W9319, W9846, W9851T, W9865, and W9908) were obtained from eight patients from three states in the United States and Canada; all were from males ranging in age from 47 to 81 years old; and all were obtained from finger (n = 5) or leg (n = 3) wounds. 25015412 3 89 theme = 483:483 arg1 n 481:481 n = 5 481:485 n = 5 481:485 From 2005 to 2009, eight isolates (W9042, W9247, W9290, W9319, W9846, W9851T, W9865, and W9908) were obtained from eight patients from three states in the United States and Canada; all were from males ranging in age from 47 to 81 years old; and all were obtained from finger (n = 5) or leg (n = 3) wounds. 25015412 8 90 theme type 1144:1147 arg1 strain 1149:1154 the N. brasiliensis type strain 1124:1154 the N. brasiliensis type strain 1124:1154 The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain W9851T and the N. brasiliensis type strain was 72.8 % and 65.8 % when measured in the laboratory and in silico from genome sequences, respectively, and 95.6 % ANI. 25015412 3 91 theme United 360:365 arg1 States 367:372 the United States 356:372 the United States 356:372 From 2005 to 2009, eight isolates (W9042, W9247, W9290, W9319, W9846, W9851T, W9865, and W9908) were obtained from eight patients from three states in the United States and Canada; all were from males ranging in age from 47 to 81 years old; and all were obtained from finger (n = 5) or leg (n = 3) wounds. 25015412 14 92 theme strain 2465:2470 arg1 108936T 2514:2520 = DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T 2480:2520 = DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T 2480:2520 nov. is proposed, with strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain. 25015412 14 92 theme strain 2465:2470 arg1 W9851T 2472:2477 strain W9851T 2465:2477 strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain 2465:2540 nov. is proposed, with strain W9851T (= DSM 45737T = CCUG 62683T = NBRC 108936T) as the type strain. 25015412 11 93 theme flight 1929:1934 arg1 spectra 1953:1959 flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra 1929:1959 flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates 1929:1984 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates showed genus and species level profiles that were different from other Nocardia species. 25015412 2 94 theme clinical 187:194 arg1 sources 196:202 clinical sources 187:202 clinical sources 187:202 Nocardia species are ubiquitous in the environment with an increasing number of species isolated from clinical sources. 25015412 1 95 from America 76:82 arg1 wounds 42:47 wounds 42:47 wounds of human patients in North America 42:82 nov., isolated from wounds of human patients in North America. 25015412 9 96 theme MK-8- 1349:1353 arg1 ω-cyc 1358:1362 MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc 1349:1362 MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc 1349:1362 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 9 96 theme MK-8- 1349:1353 arg1 menaquinone 1392:1402 the major menaquinone 1382:1402 the major menaquinone 1382:1402 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 7 97 theme isolate 1026:1032 arg1 W9851T 1034:1039 isolate W9851T 1026:1039 isolate W9851T 1026:1039 The G+C content of isolate W9851T was determined to be 68.4 mol %. 25015412 10 98 theme chemotaxonomic 1783:1796 arg1 analyses 1798:1805 These chemotaxonomic analyses 1777:1805 These chemotaxonomic analyses 1777:1805 These chemotaxonomic analyses are consistent with assignment of the isolates to the genus Nocardia. 25015412 9 99 theme Whole-cell 1277:1286 arg1 peptidoglycan 1288:1300 Whole-cell peptidoglycan 1277:1300 Whole-cell peptidoglycan 1277:1300 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 3 100 theme leg 491:493 arg1 wounds 503:508 finger (n = 5) or leg (n = 3) wounds 473:508 wounds 503:508 From 2005 to 2009, eight isolates (W9042, W9247, W9290, W9319, W9846, W9851T, W9865, and W9908) were obtained from eight patients from three states in the United States and Canada; all were from males ranging in age from 47 to 81 years old; and all were obtained from finger (n = 5) or leg (n = 3) wounds. 25015412 3 100 theme leg 491:493 arg1 n 496:496 n = 3 496:500 n = 3 496:500 From 2005 to 2009, eight isolates (W9042, W9247, W9290, W9319, W9846, W9851T, W9865, and W9908) were obtained from eight patients from three states in the United States and Canada; all were from males ranging in age from 47 to 81 years old; and all were obtained from finger (n = 5) or leg (n = 3) wounds. 25015412 9 101 dep 60 1735:1736 arg1 to 1732:1733 to 1732:1733 to 1732:1733 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 9 102 theme H4 1355:1356 arg1 ω-cyc 1358:1362 MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc 1349:1362 MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc 1349:1362 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 9 102 theme H4 1355:1356 arg1 menaquinone 1392:1402 the major menaquinone 1382:1402 the major menaquinone 1382:1402 Whole-cell peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid; MK-8-(H4)ω-cyc was identified as the major menaquinone; the major fatty acids were identified as C16:0, 10 Me C18:0, and C18:1 w9c, the predominant phospholipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; whole-cell sugars detected were arabinose and galactose; and mycolic acids ranging from 38 to 60 carbon atoms were found to be present. 25015412 11 103 theme other 2051:2055 arg1 species 2066:2072 other Nocardia species 2051:2072 other Nocardia species 2051:2072 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of the clinical isolates showed genus and species level profiles that were different from other Nocardia species. 25015412 3 104 from states 346:351 arg1 States 367:372 the United States 356:372 the United States 356:372 From 2005 to 2009, eight isolates (W9042, W9247, W9290, W9319, W9846, W9851T, W9865, and W9908) were obtained from eight patients from three states in the United States and Canada; all were from males ranging in age from 47 to 81 years old; and all were obtained from finger (n = 5) or leg (n = 3) wounds. 25015412 5 105 theme Sequence 631:638 arg1 analysis 640:647 Sequence analysis 631:647 Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences 631:674 Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the eight isolates are 100 % identical to each other and belong in the genus Nocardia. 25257696 0 0 theme Cognitive 92:100 arg1 Impairment 102:111 Cognitive Impairment 92:111 Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis 92:121 Activated Microglia-Induced Deficits in Excitatory Synapses Through IL-1β: Implications for Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis. 25257696 0 1 from Deficits 28:35 arg1 Synapses 51:58 Excitatory Synapses 40:58 Excitatory Synapses 40:58 Activated Microglia-Induced Deficits in Excitatory Synapses Through IL-1β: Implications for Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis. 25257696 5 2 theme days 712:715 arg1 post-sepsis 717:727 30 days post-sepsis 709:727 30 days post-sepsis 709:727 The behavioral deficits and synaptophysin/PSD-95 co-localization were rescued to normal levels within 30 days post-sepsis. 25257696 1 3 theme sepsis 164:169 arg1 survivors 171:179 sepsis survivors 164:179 sepsis survivors 164:179 Recent clinical studies have shown that sepsis survivors may develop long-term cognitive impairments. 25257696 9 4 theme synapses 1331:1338 arg1 number 1321:1326 the number 1317:1326 the number of synapses 1317:1338 LPS-MCM reduced the number of synapses by 50%, but LPS-ACM increased the number of synapses by 500%. 25257696 4 5 theme Septic 418:423 arg1 animals 425:431 Septic animals 418:431 Septic animals 418:431 Septic animals showed memory impairment and reduced numbers of hippocampal and cortical excitatory synapses, identified by synaptophysin/PSD-95 co-localization, 9 days after disease onset. 25257696 10 6 theme increased 1466:1474 arg1 levels 1476:1481 increased levels 1466:1481 increased levels of IL-1β in LPS-MCM 1466:1501 Analysis of the composition of these conditioned media revealed increased levels of IL-1β in LPS-MCM. 25257696 6 7 theme synaptic 879:886 arg1 deficits 888:895 the associated synaptic deficits 864:895 the associated synaptic deficits 864:895 Septic mice presented activation of microglia and reactive astrogliosis, which are hallmarks of brain injury and could be involved in the associated synaptic deficits. 25257696 12 8 theme synaptic 1728:1735 arg1 deficit 1737:1743 a transient synaptic deficit 1716:1743 a transient synaptic deficit associated with memory impairments mediated by IL-1β secreted by activated microglia 1716:1828 These results suggest that sepsis induces a transient synaptic deficit associated with memory impairments mediated by IL-1β secreted by activated microglia. 25257696 7 9 from deficits 1146:1153 arg1 sepsis 1158:1163 sepsis 1158:1163 sepsis 1158:1163 We treated neuronal cultures with conditioned medium derived from cultured astrocytes (ACM) and microglia (MCM) that were either non-stimulated or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic deficits in sepsis. 25257696 3 10 theme glial 389:393 arg1 cells 395:399 glial cells 389:399 glial cells 389:399 This study investigated synaptic deficits in sepsis and the involvement of glial cells in this process. 25257696 4 11 theme excitatory 506:515 arg1 synapses 517:524 hippocampal and cortical excitatory synapses 481:524 hippocampal and cortical excitatory synapses 481:524 Septic animals showed memory impairment and reduced numbers of hippocampal and cortical excitatory synapses, identified by synaptophysin/PSD-95 co-localization, 9 days after disease onset. 25257696 7 12 attach derived 951:957 arg2 medium 944:949 conditioned medium 932:949 conditioned medium derived from cultured astrocytes (ACM) and microglia (MCM) 932:1008 We treated neuronal cultures with conditioned medium derived from cultured astrocytes (ACM) and microglia (MCM) that were either non-stimulated or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic deficits in sepsis. 25257696 7 12 attach derived 951:957 arg1 MCM 1005:1007 MCM 1005:1007 MCM 1005:1007 We treated neuronal cultures with conditioned medium derived from cultured astrocytes (ACM) and microglia (MCM) that were either non-stimulated or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic deficits in sepsis. 25257696 7 12 attach derived 951:957 arg1 microglia 994:1002 microglia 994:1002 microglia (MCM) 994:1008 We treated neuronal cultures with conditioned medium derived from cultured astrocytes (ACM) and microglia (MCM) that were either non-stimulated or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic deficits in sepsis. 25257696 7 12 attach derived 951:957 arg1 astrocytes 973:982 cultured astrocytes 964:982 cultured astrocytes (ACM) 964:988 We treated neuronal cultures with conditioned medium derived from cultured astrocytes (ACM) and microglia (MCM) that were either non-stimulated or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic deficits in sepsis. 25257696 7 12 attach derived 951:957 arg1 ACM 985:987 ACM 985:987 ACM 985:987 We treated neuronal cultures with conditioned medium derived from cultured astrocytes (ACM) and microglia (MCM) that were either non-stimulated or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic deficits in sepsis. 25257696 6 13 theme associated 868:877 arg1 deficits 888:895 the associated synaptic deficits 864:895 the associated synaptic deficits 864:895 Septic mice presented activation of microglia and reactive astrogliosis, which are hallmarks of brain injury and could be involved in the associated synaptic deficits. 25257696 6 14 theme astrogliosis 789:800 arg1 activation 752:761 activation 752:761 activation 752:761 Septic mice presented activation of microglia and reactive astrogliosis, which are hallmarks of brain injury and could be involved in the associated synaptic deficits. 25257696 6 14 theme astrogliosis 789:800 arg1 hallmarks 813:821 hallmarks 813:821 hallmarks of brain injury 813:837 Septic mice presented activation of microglia and reactive astrogliosis, which are hallmarks of brain injury and could be involved in the associated synaptic deficits. 25257696 11 15 theme IL-1 1608:1611 arg1 antagonist 1596:1605 a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist 1571:1605 a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) 1571:1615 Furthermore, inhibition of IL-1β signaling through the addition of a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) fully prevented the synaptic deficit induced by LPS-MCM. 25257696 11 15 theme IL-1 1608:1611 arg1 Ra 1613:1614 IL-1 Ra 1608:1614 IL-1 Ra 1608:1614 Furthermore, inhibition of IL-1β signaling through the addition of a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) fully prevented the synaptic deficit induced by LPS-MCM. 25257696 4 16 theme cortical 497:504 arg1 synapses 517:524 hippocampal and cortical excitatory synapses 481:524 hippocampal and cortical excitatory synapses 481:524 Septic animals showed memory impairment and reduced numbers of hippocampal and cortical excitatory synapses, identified by synaptophysin/PSD-95 co-localization, 9 days after disease onset. 25257696 5 17 theme normal 688:693 arg1 levels 695:700 normal levels 688:700 normal levels 688:700 The behavioral deficits and synaptophysin/PSD-95 co-localization were rescued to normal levels within 30 days post-sepsis. 25257696 11 18 theme antagonist 1596:1605 arg1 addition 1559:1566 the addition 1555:1566 the addition of a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) 1555:1615 Furthermore, inhibition of IL-1β signaling through the addition of a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) fully prevented the synaptic deficit induced by LPS-MCM. 25257696 10 19 theme IL-1β 1486:1490 arg1 levels 1476:1481 increased levels 1466:1481 increased levels of IL-1β in LPS-MCM 1466:1501 Analysis of the composition of these conditioned media revealed increased levels of IL-1β in LPS-MCM. 25257696 6 20 theme reactive 780:787 arg1 astrogliosis 789:800 reactive astrogliosis 780:800 reactive astrogliosis 780:800 Septic mice presented activation of microglia and reactive astrogliosis, which are hallmarks of brain injury and could be involved in the associated synaptic deficits. 25257696 10 21 from levels 1476:1481 arg1 LPS-MCM 1495:1501 LPS-MCM 1495:1501 LPS-MCM 1495:1501 Analysis of the composition of these conditioned media revealed increased levels of IL-1β in LPS-MCM. 25257696 5 22 theme behavioral 611:620 arg1 deficits 622:629 The behavioral deficits 607:629 The behavioral deficits 607:629 The behavioral deficits and synaptophysin/PSD-95 co-localization were rescued to normal levels within 30 days post-sepsis. 25257696 12 23 theme activated 1810:1818 arg1 microglia 1820:1828 activated microglia 1810:1828 activated microglia 1810:1828 These results suggest that sepsis induces a transient synaptic deficit associated with memory impairments mediated by IL-1β secreted by activated microglia. 25257696 0 24 theme Microglia-Induced 10:26 arg1 Deficits 28:35 Activated Microglia-Induced Deficits 0:35 Activated Microglia-Induced Deficits in Excitatory Synapses Through IL-1β: Implications for Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis. 0:122 Activated Microglia-Induced Deficits in Excitatory Synapses Through IL-1β: Implications for Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis. 25257696 4 25 theme synapses 517:524 arg1 impairment 447:456 memory impairment 440:456 memory impairment 440:456 Septic animals showed memory impairment and reduced numbers of hippocampal and cortical excitatory synapses, identified by synaptophysin/PSD-95 co-localization, 9 days after disease onset. 25257696 4 25 theme synapses 517:524 arg1 numbers 470:476 reduced numbers 462:476 reduced numbers of hippocampal and cortical excitatory synapses, identified by synaptophysin/PSD-95 co-localization, 9 days after disease onset 462:604 Septic animals showed memory impairment and reduced numbers of hippocampal and cortical excitatory synapses, identified by synaptophysin/PSD-95 co-localization, 9 days after disease onset. 25257696 6 26 theme microglia 766:774 arg1 activation 752:761 activation 752:761 activation 752:761 Septic mice presented activation of microglia and reactive astrogliosis, which are hallmarks of brain injury and could be involved in the associated synaptic deficits. 25257696 6 26 theme microglia 766:774 arg1 hallmarks 813:821 hallmarks 813:821 hallmarks of brain injury 813:837 Septic mice presented activation of microglia and reactive astrogliosis, which are hallmarks of brain injury and could be involved in the associated synaptic deficits. 25257696 1 27 theme long-term 193:201 arg1 impairments 213:223 long-term cognitive impairments 193:223 long-term cognitive impairments 193:223 Recent clinical studies have shown that sepsis survivors may develop long-term cognitive impairments. 25257696 0 28 theme Activated 0:8 arg1 Deficits 28:35 Activated Microglia-Induced Deficits 0:35 Activated Microglia-Induced Deficits in Excitatory Synapses Through IL-1β: Implications for Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis. 0:122 Activated Microglia-Induced Deficits in Excitatory Synapses Through IL-1β: Implications for Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis. 25257696 11 29 theme IL-1β 1581:1585 arg1 antagonist 1596:1605 a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist 1571:1605 a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) 1571:1615 Furthermore, inhibition of IL-1β signaling through the addition of a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) fully prevented the synaptic deficit induced by LPS-MCM. 25257696 11 29 theme IL-1β 1581:1585 arg1 Ra 1613:1614 IL-1 Ra 1608:1614 IL-1 Ra 1608:1614 Furthermore, inhibition of IL-1β signaling through the addition of a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) fully prevented the synaptic deficit induced by LPS-MCM. 25257696 10 30 theme media 1451:1455 arg1 composition 1418:1428 the composition 1414:1428 the composition of these conditioned media 1414:1455 Analysis of the composition of these conditioned media revealed increased levels of IL-1β in LPS-MCM. 25257696 2 31 theme cellular 230:237 arg1 mechanisms 253:262 The cellular and molecular mechanisms 226:262 The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in these events 226:287 The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in these events are not well understood. 25257696 8 32 theme cortical 1219:1226 arg1 neurons 1228:1234 cortical neurons 1219:1234 cortical neurons 1219:1234 ACM and MCM increased the number of synapses between cortical neurons in vitro, and these effects were antagonized by LPS stimulation. 25257696 1 33 theme cognitive 203:211 arg1 impairments 213:223 long-term cognitive impairments 193:223 long-term cognitive impairments 193:223 Recent clinical studies have shown that sepsis survivors may develop long-term cognitive impairments. 25257696 3 34 theme cells 395:399 arg1 involvement 374:384 the involvement 370:384 the involvement of glial cells 370:399 This study investigated synaptic deficits in sepsis and the involvement of glial cells in this process. 25257696 3 34 theme cells 395:399 arg1 deficits 347:354 synaptic deficits 338:354 synaptic deficits in sepsis 338:364 This study investigated synaptic deficits in sepsis and the involvement of glial cells in this process. 25257696 4 35 theme disease 592:598 arg1 onset 600:604 disease onset 592:604 disease onset 592:604 Septic animals showed memory impairment and reduced numbers of hippocampal and cortical excitatory synapses, identified by synaptophysin/PSD-95 co-localization, 9 days after disease onset. 25257696 10 36 theme conditioned 1439:1449 arg1 media 1451:1455 these conditioned media 1433:1455 these conditioned media 1433:1455 Analysis of the composition of these conditioned media revealed increased levels of IL-1β in LPS-MCM. 25257696 7 37 theme neuronal 909:916 arg1 cultures 918:925 neuronal cultures 909:925 neuronal cultures with conditioned medium derived from cultured astrocytes (ACM) and microglia (MCM) that were either non-stimulated or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 909:1084 We treated neuronal cultures with conditioned medium derived from cultured astrocytes (ACM) and microglia (MCM) that were either non-stimulated or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic deficits in sepsis. 25257696 7 38 with cultures 918:925 arg1 medium 944:949 conditioned medium 932:949 conditioned medium derived from cultured astrocytes (ACM) and microglia (MCM) 932:1008 We treated neuronal cultures with conditioned medium derived from cultured astrocytes (ACM) and microglia (MCM) that were either non-stimulated or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic deficits in sepsis. 25257696 3 39 from involvement 374:384 arg1 sepsis 359:364 sepsis 359:364 sepsis 359:364 This study investigated synaptic deficits in sepsis and the involvement of glial cells in this process. 25257696 0 40 theme Excitatory 40:49 arg1 Synapses 51:58 Excitatory Synapses 40:58 Excitatory Synapses 40:58 Activated Microglia-Induced Deficits in Excitatory Synapses Through IL-1β: Implications for Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis. 25257696 7 41 theme synaptic 1137:1144 arg1 deficits 1146:1153 synaptic deficits 1137:1153 synaptic deficits in sepsis 1137:1163 We treated neuronal cultures with conditioned medium derived from cultured astrocytes (ACM) and microglia (MCM) that were either non-stimulated or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic deficits in sepsis. 25257696 9 42 theme synapses 1384:1391 arg1 number 1374:1379 the number 1370:1379 the number of synapses 1370:1391 LPS-MCM reduced the number of synapses by 50%, but LPS-ACM increased the number of synapses by 500%. 25257696 7 43 theme conditioned 932:942 arg1 medium 944:949 conditioned medium 932:949 conditioned medium derived from cultured astrocytes (ACM) and microglia (MCM) 932:1008 We treated neuronal cultures with conditioned medium derived from cultured astrocytes (ACM) and microglia (MCM) that were either non-stimulated or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic deficits in sepsis. 25257696 7 44 theme molecular 1105:1113 arg1 mechanisms 1115:1124 the molecular mechanisms 1101:1124 the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic deficits in sepsis 1101:1163 We treated neuronal cultures with conditioned medium derived from cultured astrocytes (ACM) and microglia (MCM) that were either non-stimulated or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic deficits in sepsis. 25257696 4 45 theme hippocampal 481:491 arg1 synapses 517:524 hippocampal and cortical excitatory synapses 481:524 hippocampal and cortical excitatory synapses 481:524 Septic animals showed memory impairment and reduced numbers of hippocampal and cortical excitatory synapses, identified by synaptophysin/PSD-95 co-localization, 9 days after disease onset. 25257696 2 46 theme molecular 243:251 arg1 mechanisms 253:262 The cellular and molecular mechanisms 226:262 The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in these events 226:287 The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in these events are not well understood. 25257696 6 47 theme injury 832:837 arg1 activation 752:761 activation 752:761 activation 752:761 Septic mice presented activation of microglia and reactive astrogliosis, which are hallmarks of brain injury and could be involved in the associated synaptic deficits. 25257696 6 47 theme injury 832:837 arg1 hallmarks 813:821 hallmarks 813:821 hallmarks of brain injury 813:837 Septic mice presented activation of microglia and reactive astrogliosis, which are hallmarks of brain injury and could be involved in the associated synaptic deficits. 25257696 1 48 theme Recent 124:129 arg1 studies 140:146 Recent clinical studies 124:146 Recent clinical studies 124:146 Recent clinical studies have shown that sepsis survivors may develop long-term cognitive impairments. 25257696 8 49 theme LPS 1284:1286 arg1 stimulation 1288:1298 LPS stimulation 1284:1298 LPS stimulation 1284:1298 ACM and MCM increased the number of synapses between cortical neurons in vitro, and these effects were antagonized by LPS stimulation. 25257696 3 50 theme synaptic 338:345 arg1 deficits 347:354 synaptic deficits 338:354 synaptic deficits in sepsis 338:364 This study investigated synaptic deficits in sepsis and the involvement of glial cells in this process. 25257696 3 51 from deficits 347:354 arg1 sepsis 359:364 sepsis 359:364 sepsis 359:364 This study investigated synaptic deficits in sepsis and the involvement of glial cells in this process. 25257696 6 52 theme brain 826:830 arg1 injury 832:837 brain injury 826:837 brain injury 826:837 Septic mice presented activation of microglia and reactive astrogliosis, which are hallmarks of brain injury and could be involved in the associated synaptic deficits. 25257696 1 53 theme clinical 131:138 arg1 studies 140:146 Recent clinical studies 124:146 Recent clinical studies 124:146 Recent clinical studies have shown that sepsis survivors may develop long-term cognitive impairments. 25257696 6 54 theme Septic 730:735 arg1 mice 737:740 Septic mice 730:740 Septic mice 730:740 Septic mice presented activation of microglia and reactive astrogliosis, which are hallmarks of brain injury and could be involved in the associated synaptic deficits. 25257696 4 55 theme memory 440:445 arg1 impairment 447:456 memory impairment 440:456 memory impairment 440:456 Septic animals showed memory impairment and reduced numbers of hippocampal and cortical excitatory synapses, identified by synaptophysin/PSD-95 co-localization, 9 days after disease onset. 25257696 11 56 theme receptor 1587:1594 arg1 antagonist 1596:1605 a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist 1571:1605 a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) 1571:1615 Furthermore, inhibition of IL-1β signaling through the addition of a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) fully prevented the synaptic deficit induced by LPS-MCM. 25257696 11 56 theme receptor 1587:1594 arg1 Ra 1613:1614 IL-1 Ra 1608:1614 IL-1 Ra 1608:1614 Furthermore, inhibition of IL-1β signaling through the addition of a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) fully prevented the synaptic deficit induced by LPS-MCM. 25257696 11 57 theme signaling 1537:1545 arg1 inhibition 1517:1526 inhibition 1517:1526 inhibition of IL-1β signaling through the addition of a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) 1517:1615 Furthermore, inhibition of IL-1β signaling through the addition of a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) fully prevented the synaptic deficit induced by LPS-MCM. 25257696 4 58 theme reduced 462:468 arg1 numbers 470:476 reduced numbers 462:476 reduced numbers of hippocampal and cortical excitatory synapses, identified by synaptophysin/PSD-95 co-localization, 9 days after disease onset 462:604 Septic animals showed memory impairment and reduced numbers of hippocampal and cortical excitatory synapses, identified by synaptophysin/PSD-95 co-localization, 9 days after disease onset. 25257696 0 59 dep Deficits 28:35 arg1 Implications 75:86 Implications 75:86 Activated Microglia-Induced Deficits in Excitatory Synapses Through IL-1β: Implications for Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis. 0:122 Activated Microglia-Induced Deficits in Excitatory Synapses Through IL-1β: Implications for Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis. 25257696 11 60 theme soluble 1573:1579 arg1 antagonist 1596:1605 a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist 1571:1605 a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) 1571:1615 Furthermore, inhibition of IL-1β signaling through the addition of a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) fully prevented the synaptic deficit induced by LPS-MCM. 25257696 11 60 theme soluble 1573:1579 arg1 Ra 1613:1614 IL-1 Ra 1608:1614 IL-1 Ra 1608:1614 Furthermore, inhibition of IL-1β signaling through the addition of a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) fully prevented the synaptic deficit induced by LPS-MCM. 25257696 7 61 dep either 1020:1025 arg1 non-stimulated 1027:1040 non-stimulated 1027:1040 non-stimulated 1027:1040 We treated neuronal cultures with conditioned medium derived from cultured astrocytes (ACM) and microglia (MCM) that were either non-stimulated or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic deficits in sepsis. 25257696 8 62 theme synapses 1202:1209 arg1 number 1192:1197 the number 1188:1197 the number of synapses between cortical neurons 1188:1234 ACM and MCM increased the number of synapses between cortical neurons in vitro, and these effects were antagonized by LPS stimulation. 25257696 0 63 from Impairment 102:111 arg1 Sepsis 116:121 Sepsis 116:121 Sepsis 116:121 Activated Microglia-Induced Deficits in Excitatory Synapses Through IL-1β: Implications for Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis. 25257696 12 64 theme transient 1718:1726 arg1 deficit 1737:1743 a transient synaptic deficit 1716:1743 a transient synaptic deficit associated with memory impairments mediated by IL-1β secreted by activated microglia 1716:1828 These results suggest that sepsis induces a transient synaptic deficit associated with memory impairments mediated by IL-1β secreted by activated microglia. 25257696 10 65 theme composition 1418:1428 arg1 Analysis 1402:1409 Analysis 1402:1409 Analysis of the composition of these conditioned media 1402:1455 Analysis of the composition of these conditioned media revealed increased levels of IL-1β in LPS-MCM. 25257696 12 66 theme memory 1761:1766 arg1 impairments 1768:1778 memory impairments 1761:1778 memory impairments mediated by IL-1β secreted by activated microglia 1761:1828 These results suggest that sepsis induces a transient synaptic deficit associated with memory impairments mediated by IL-1β secreted by activated microglia. 25257696 11 67 theme synaptic 1637:1644 arg1 deficit 1646:1652 the synaptic deficit 1633:1652 the synaptic deficit induced by LPS-MCM 1633:1671 Furthermore, inhibition of IL-1β signaling through the addition of a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) fully prevented the synaptic deficit induced by LPS-MCM. 25257696 7 68 theme cultured 964:971 arg1 ACM 985:987 ACM 985:987 ACM 985:987 We treated neuronal cultures with conditioned medium derived from cultured astrocytes (ACM) and microglia (MCM) that were either non-stimulated or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic deficits in sepsis. 25257696 7 68 theme cultured 964:971 arg1 astrocytes 973:982 cultured astrocytes 964:982 cultured astrocytes (ACM) 964:988 We treated neuronal cultures with conditioned medium derived from cultured astrocytes (ACM) and microglia (MCM) that were either non-stimulated or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic deficits in sepsis. 25257696 11 69 theme IL-1β 1531:1535 arg1 signaling 1537:1545 IL-1β signaling 1531:1545 IL-1β signaling through the addition of a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) 1531:1615 Furthermore, inhibition of IL-1β signaling through the addition of a soluble IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) fully prevented the synaptic deficit induced by LPS-MCM. 24842610 5 0 theme bowel 856:860 arg1 diseases 862:869 inflammatory bowel diseases 843:869 inflammatory bowel diseases 843:869 Accordingly, CaSR represents a potential therapeutic target for autoinflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases. 24842610 2 1 theme Casr 446:449 arg1 mice 456:459 intestinal epithelium-specific Casr(-/-) mice 415:459 intestinal epithelium-specific Casr(-/-) mice 415:459 Herein, we clarify the role of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) using intestinal epithelium-specific Casr(-/-) mice. 24842610 2 2 theme receptor 393:400 arg1 role 351:354 the role 347:354 the role of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) 347:407 Herein, we clarify the role of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) using intestinal epithelium-specific Casr(-/-) mice. 24842610 4 3 theme -/- 633:635 arg1 mice 638:641 Casr(-/-) mice 628:641 Casr(-/-) mice 628:641 Consequently, Casr(-/-) mice were significantly more prone to chemically induced intestinal inflammation resulting in colitis. 24842610 5 4 theme autoinflammatory 805:820 arg1 disorders 822:830 autoinflammatory disorders 805:830 autoinflammatory disorders 805:830 Accordingly, CaSR represents a potential therapeutic target for autoinflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases. 24842610 5 4 theme autoinflammatory 805:820 arg1 diseases 862:869 inflammatory bowel diseases 843:869 inflammatory bowel diseases 843:869 Accordingly, CaSR represents a potential therapeutic target for autoinflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases. 24842610 1 5 theme intestinal 304:313 arg1 homeostasis 315:325 intestinal homeostasis 304:325 intestinal homeostasis 304:325 The intestinal epithelium is equipped with sensing receptor mechanisms that interact with luminal microorganisms and nutrients to regulate barrier function and gut immune responses, thereby maintaining intestinal homeostasis. 24842610 3 6 theme microbiota 537:546 arg1 composition 548:558 altered microbiota composition 529:558 altered microbiota composition 529:558 Epithelial CaSR deficiency diminished intestinal barrier function, altered microbiota composition, and skewed immune responses towards proinflammatory. 24842610 1 7 theme luminal 192:198 arg1 microorganisms 200:213 luminal microorganisms 192:213 luminal microorganisms 192:213 The intestinal epithelium is equipped with sensing receptor mechanisms that interact with luminal microorganisms and nutrients to regulate barrier function and gut immune responses, thereby maintaining intestinal homeostasis. 24842610 2 8 theme epithelium-specific 426:444 arg1 mice 456:459 intestinal epithelium-specific Casr(-/-) mice 415:459 intestinal epithelium-specific Casr(-/-) mice 415:459 Herein, we clarify the role of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) using intestinal epithelium-specific Casr(-/-) mice. 24842610 0 9 theme CaSR 11:14 arg1 deficiency 16:25 Epithelial CaSR deficiency 0:25 Epithelial CaSR deficiency 0:25 Epithelial CaSR deficiency alters intestinal integrity and promotes proinflammatory immune responses. 24842610 5 10 dep potential 772:780 arg1 therapeutic 782:792 therapeutic 782:792 therapeutic 782:792 Accordingly, CaSR represents a potential therapeutic target for autoinflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases. 24842610 2 11 theme intestinal 415:424 arg1 mice 456:459 intestinal epithelium-specific Casr(-/-) mice 415:459 intestinal epithelium-specific Casr(-/-) mice 415:459 Herein, we clarify the role of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) using intestinal epithelium-specific Casr(-/-) mice. 24842610 0 12 theme Epithelial 0:9 arg1 deficiency 16:25 Epithelial CaSR deficiency 0:25 Epithelial CaSR deficiency 0:25 Epithelial CaSR deficiency alters intestinal integrity and promotes proinflammatory immune responses. 24842610 1 13 theme intestinal 106:115 arg1 epithelium 117:126 The intestinal epithelium 102:126 The intestinal epithelium 102:126 The intestinal epithelium is equipped with sensing receptor mechanisms that interact with luminal microorganisms and nutrients to regulate barrier function and gut immune responses, thereby maintaining intestinal homeostasis. 24842610 3 14 theme Epithelial 462:471 arg1 deficiency 478:487 Epithelial CaSR deficiency 462:487 Epithelial CaSR deficiency 462:487 Epithelial CaSR deficiency diminished intestinal barrier function, altered microbiota composition, and skewed immune responses towards proinflammatory. 24842610 3 15 theme barrier 511:517 arg1 function 519:526 intestinal barrier function 500:526 intestinal barrier function 500:526 Epithelial CaSR deficiency diminished intestinal barrier function, altered microbiota composition, and skewed immune responses towards proinflammatory. 24842610 5 16 theme potential 772:780 arg1 target 794:799 a potential therapeutic target 770:799 a potential therapeutic target for autoinflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases 770:869 Accordingly, CaSR represents a potential therapeutic target for autoinflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases. 24842610 4 17 theme Casr 628:631 arg1 mice 638:641 Casr(-/-) mice 628:641 Casr(-/-) mice 628:641 Consequently, Casr(-/-) mice were significantly more prone to chemically induced intestinal inflammation resulting in colitis. 24842610 1 18 theme barrier 241:247 arg1 function 249:256 barrier function 241:256 barrier function 241:256 The intestinal epithelium is equipped with sensing receptor mechanisms that interact with luminal microorganisms and nutrients to regulate barrier function and gut immune responses, thereby maintaining intestinal homeostasis. 24842610 2 19 theme -/- 451:453 arg1 mice 456:459 intestinal epithelium-specific Casr(-/-) mice 415:459 intestinal epithelium-specific Casr(-/-) mice 415:459 Herein, we clarify the role of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) using intestinal epithelium-specific Casr(-/-) mice. 24842610 0 20 theme intestinal 34:43 arg1 integrity 45:53 intestinal integrity 34:53 intestinal integrity 34:53 Epithelial CaSR deficiency alters intestinal integrity and promotes proinflammatory immune responses. 24842610 3 21 theme intestinal 500:509 arg1 function 519:526 intestinal barrier function 500:526 intestinal barrier function 500:526 Epithelial CaSR deficiency diminished intestinal barrier function, altered microbiota composition, and skewed immune responses towards proinflammatory. 24842610 3 22 theme CaSR 473:476 arg1 deficiency 478:487 Epithelial CaSR deficiency 462:487 Epithelial CaSR deficiency 462:487 Epithelial CaSR deficiency diminished intestinal barrier function, altered microbiota composition, and skewed immune responses towards proinflammatory. 24842610 2 23 theme calcium-sensing 377:391 arg1 CaSR 403:406 CaSR 403:406 CaSR 403:406 Herein, we clarify the role of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) using intestinal epithelium-specific Casr(-/-) mice. 24842610 2 23 theme calcium-sensing 377:391 arg1 receptor 393:400 the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor 359:400 the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) 359:407 Herein, we clarify the role of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) using intestinal epithelium-specific Casr(-/-) mice. 24842610 2 24 theme extracellular 363:375 arg1 CaSR 403:406 CaSR 403:406 CaSR 403:406 Herein, we clarify the role of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) using intestinal epithelium-specific Casr(-/-) mice. 24842610 2 24 theme extracellular 363:375 arg1 receptor 393:400 the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor 359:400 the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) 359:407 Herein, we clarify the role of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) using intestinal epithelium-specific Casr(-/-) mice. 24842610 5 25 theme inflammatory 843:854 arg1 diseases 862:869 inflammatory bowel diseases 843:869 inflammatory bowel diseases 843:869 Accordingly, CaSR represents a potential therapeutic target for autoinflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases. 24842610 1 26 theme receptor 153:160 arg1 mechanisms 162:171 receptor mechanisms 153:171 receptor mechanisms that interact with luminal microorganisms and nutrients to regulate barrier function and gut immune responses, thereby maintaining intestinal homeostasis 153:325 The intestinal epithelium is equipped with sensing receptor mechanisms that interact with luminal microorganisms and nutrients to regulate barrier function and gut immune responses, thereby maintaining intestinal homeostasis. 24842610 1 27 theme gut 262:264 arg1 responses 273:281 gut immune responses 262:281 gut immune responses 262:281 The intestinal epithelium is equipped with sensing receptor mechanisms that interact with luminal microorganisms and nutrients to regulate barrier function and gut immune responses, thereby maintaining intestinal homeostasis. 24842610 0 28 theme immune 84:89 arg1 responses 91:99 proinflammatory immune responses 68:99 proinflammatory immune responses 68:99 Epithelial CaSR deficiency alters intestinal integrity and promotes proinflammatory immune responses. 24842610 4 29 theme intestinal 695:704 arg1 inflammation 706:717 chemically induced intestinal inflammation 676:717 chemically induced intestinal inflammation resulting in colitis 676:738 Consequently, Casr(-/-) mice were significantly more prone to chemically induced intestinal inflammation resulting in colitis. 24842610 4 30 theme induced 687:693 arg1 inflammation 706:717 chemically induced intestinal inflammation 676:717 chemically induced intestinal inflammation resulting in colitis 676:738 Consequently, Casr(-/-) mice were significantly more prone to chemically induced intestinal inflammation resulting in colitis. 24842610 3 31 theme skewed 565:570 arg1 responses 579:587 skewed immune responses 565:587 skewed immune responses 565:587 Epithelial CaSR deficiency diminished intestinal barrier function, altered microbiota composition, and skewed immune responses towards proinflammatory. 24842610 3 32 theme altered 529:535 arg1 composition 548:558 altered microbiota composition 529:558 altered microbiota composition 529:558 Epithelial CaSR deficiency diminished intestinal barrier function, altered microbiota composition, and skewed immune responses towards proinflammatory. 24842610 1 33 theme immune 266:271 arg1 responses 273:281 gut immune responses 262:281 gut immune responses 262:281 The intestinal epithelium is equipped with sensing receptor mechanisms that interact with luminal microorganisms and nutrients to regulate barrier function and gut immune responses, thereby maintaining intestinal homeostasis. 24842610 0 34 theme proinflammatory 68:82 arg1 responses 91:99 proinflammatory immune responses 68:99 proinflammatory immune responses 68:99 Epithelial CaSR deficiency alters intestinal integrity and promotes proinflammatory immune responses. 24842610 3 35 theme immune 572:577 arg1 responses 579:587 skewed immune responses 565:587 skewed immune responses 565:587 Epithelial CaSR deficiency diminished intestinal barrier function, altered microbiota composition, and skewed immune responses towards proinflammatory. 25665650 4 0 theme synthesis 830:838 arg1 method 840:845 a programmable one-pot synthesis method 807:845 a programmable one-pot synthesis method 807:845 The development of a programmable one-pot synthesis method rendered the synthesis more practical and enabled the midstage proof-of-concept phase II trial and late-stage phase III trial. 25665650 11 1 theme development 2308:2318 arg1 path 2300:2303 the path 2296:2303 the path of development of a cancer vaccine 2296:2338 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 3 2 theme Globo-H 642:648 arg1 synthesis 629:637 The first synthesis 619:637 The first synthesis of Globo-H 619:648 The first synthesis of Globo-H was accomplished through the use of glycal chemistry; this approach delivered sufficient material for evaluation in phase I human trials. 25665650 8 3 theme B 1622:1622 arg1 cells 1624:1628 B cells 1622:1628 B cells 1622:1628 In addition, a new glycolipid adjuvant was designed to target the CD1d receptor on dendritic cells and B cells for presentation to and activation of T cells to modulate the immune response and induce a class switch from IgM to IgG, thereby overcoming the common problem of carbohydrate-based vaccines that often induce mainly IgM antibodies. 25665650 2 4 theme cancer 568:573 arg1 cells 575:579 various cancer cells 560:579 various cancer cells 560:579 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 7 5 theme cancer 1377:1382 arg1 surface 1359:1365 the cell surface 1350:1365 the cell surface of breast cancer 1350:1382 Moreover, these three glycolipids were found to be uniquely expressed not only on the cell surface of breast cancer but on 15 additional cancer types, suggesting the broad application of this vaccine in cancer treatment and perhaps cancer prevention. 25665650 2 6 theme breast 292:297 arg1 cancer 299:304 metastatic breast cancer 281:304 metastatic breast cancer 281:304 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 7 7 theme cancer 1405:1410 arg1 types 1412:1416 15 additional cancer types 1391:1416 15 additional cancer types 1391:1416 Moreover, these three glycolipids were found to be uniquely expressed not only on the cell surface of breast cancer but on 15 additional cancer types, suggesting the broad application of this vaccine in cancer treatment and perhaps cancer prevention. 25665650 6 8 theme development 1147:1157 arg1 path 1139:1142 this path 1134:1142 this path of development 1134:1157 Along this path of development, it was discovered that the vaccine induced antibodies to target not only Globo-H, but also SSEA3 and SSEA4. 25665650 2 9 theme stem 589:592 arg1 cells 594:598 cancer stem cells 582:598 cancer stem cells 582:598 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 7 10 theme cell 1354:1357 arg1 surface 1359:1365 the cell surface 1350:1365 the cell surface of breast cancer 1350:1382 Moreover, these three glycolipids were found to be uniquely expressed not only on the cell surface of breast cancer but on 15 additional cancer types, suggesting the broad application of this vaccine in cancer treatment and perhaps cancer prevention. 25665650 8 11 theme carbohydrate-based 1792:1809 arg1 vaccines 1811:1818 carbohydrate-based vaccines 1792:1818 carbohydrate-based vaccines that often induce mainly IgM antibodies 1792:1858 In addition, a new glycolipid adjuvant was designed to target the CD1d receptor on dendritic cells and B cells for presentation to and activation of T cells to modulate the immune response and induce a class switch from IgM to IgG, thereby overcoming the common problem of carbohydrate-based vaccines that often induce mainly IgM antibodies. 25665650 1 12 theme cells 191:195 arg1 surface 173:179 the surface 169:179 the surface of cancer cells 169:195 The development of anticancer vaccines requires the identification of unique epitope markers, preferably expressed exclusively on the surface of cancer cells. 25665650 2 13 theme distribution 529:540 arg1 synthesis 335:343 synthesis 335:343 synthesis of Globo-H 335:354 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 13 theme distribution 529:540 arg1 analysis 509:516 the analysis 505:516 the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells 505:616 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 13 theme distribution 529:540 arg1 target 363:368 the target 359:368 the target 359:368 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 13 theme distribution 529:540 arg1 development 375:385 the development 371:385 the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch 371:498 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 13 theme distribution 529:540 arg1 selection 321:329 the selection 317:329 the selection 317:329 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 14 from target 363:368 arg1 surface 549:555 the surface 545:555 the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells 545:616 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 4 15 theme one-pot 822:828 arg1 method 840:845 a programmable one-pot synthesis method 807:845 a programmable one-pot synthesis method 807:845 The development of a programmable one-pot synthesis method rendered the synthesis more practical and enabled the midstage proof-of-concept phase II trial and late-stage phase III trial. 25665650 11 16 theme types 2682:2686 arg1 number 2662:2667 a number 2660:2667 a number of different types of cancer 2660:2696 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 3 17 theme chemistry 693:701 arg1 use 679:681 the use 675:681 the use of glycal chemistry 675:701 The first synthesis of Globo-H was accomplished through the use of glycal chemistry; this approach delivered sufficient material for evaluation in phase I human trials. 25665650 8 18 theme T 1668:1668 arg1 cells 1670:1674 T cells 1668:1674 T cells 1668:1674 In addition, a new glycolipid adjuvant was designed to target the CD1d receptor on dendritic cells and B cells for presentation to and activation of T cells to modulate the immune response and induce a class switch from IgM to IgG, thereby overcoming the common problem of carbohydrate-based vaccines that often induce mainly IgM antibodies. 25665650 4 19 theme midstage 901:908 arg1 trial 936:940 the midstage proof-of-concept phase II trial and late-stage phase III trial 897:971 trial 936:940 The development of a programmable one-pot synthesis method rendered the synthesis more practical and enabled the midstage proof-of-concept phase II trial and late-stage phase III trial. 25665650 11 20 theme chemistry 2455:2463 arg1 use 2448:2450 the use 2444:2450 the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer 2444:2696 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 10 21 theme clinical 2218:2225 arg1 development 2227:2237 development 2227:2237 development 2227:2237 The enzymatic method was then introduced to enable the practical synthesis of the vaccine candidate for clinical development and commercialization. 25665650 11 22 theme marker 2375:2380 arg1 selection 2346:2354 selection 2346:2354 selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells 2346:2429 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 5 23 used used 1053:1056 arg2 synthesis 993:1001 enzymatic synthesis 983:1001 enzymatic synthesis of Globo-H coupled with cofactor regeneration 983:1047 Finally, enzymatic synthesis of Globo-H coupled with cofactor regeneration was used for the late-stage multicenter trials and manufacture of the product. 25665650 8 24 theme IgM 1845:1847 arg1 antibodies 1849:1858 IgM antibodies 1845:1858 IgM antibodies 1845:1858 In addition, a new glycolipid adjuvant was designed to target the CD1d receptor on dendritic cells and B cells for presentation to and activation of T cells to modulate the immune response and induce a class switch from IgM to IgG, thereby overcoming the common problem of carbohydrate-based vaccines that often induce mainly IgM antibodies. 25665650 1 25 theme markers 124:130 arg1 identification 91:104 the identification 87:104 the identification of unique epitope markers, preferably expressed exclusively on the surface of cancer cells 87:195 The development of anticancer vaccines requires the identification of unique epitope markers, preferably expressed exclusively on the surface of cancer cells. 25665650 4 26 theme practical 875:883 arg1 synthesis 860:868 the synthesis 856:868 the synthesis more practical 856:883 The development of a programmable one-pot synthesis method rendered the synthesis more practical and enabled the midstage proof-of-concept phase II trial and late-stage phase III trial. 25665650 9 27 theme vaccine 1885:1891 arg1 development 1893:1903 this vaccine development 1880:1903 this vaccine development 1880:1903 As demonstrated in this vaccine development, the chemical approach to the synthesis and conjugation of carbohydrate-based immunogens provides the flexibility for access to various structures and linkers to identify optimal compositions for development. 25665650 11 28 theme specific 2591:2598 arg1 markers 2607:2613 three specific glycan markers 2585:2613 three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer 2585:2696 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 3 29 theme phase 766:770 arg1 trials 780:785 phase I human trials 766:785 phase I human trials 766:785 The first synthesis of Globo-H was accomplished through the use of glycal chemistry; this approach delivered sufficient material for evaluation in phase I human trials. 25665650 11 30 theme unique 2361:2366 arg1 marker 2375:2380 a unique glycan marker 2359:2380 a unique glycan marker 2359:2380 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 5 31 theme cofactor 1027:1034 arg1 regeneration 1036:1047 cofactor regeneration 1027:1047 cofactor regeneration 1027:1047 Finally, enzymatic synthesis of Globo-H coupled with cofactor regeneration was used for the late-stage multicenter trials and manufacture of the product. 25665650 2 32 theme carbohydrate-based 250:267 arg1 vaccine 269:275 a carbohydrate-based vaccine 248:275 a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer 248:304 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 4 33 theme late-stage 946:955 arg1 trial 967:971 the midstage proof-of-concept phase II trial and late-stage phase III trial 897:971 trial 967:971 The development of a programmable one-pot synthesis method rendered the synthesis more practical and enabled the midstage proof-of-concept phase II trial and late-stage phase III trial. 25665650 2 34 theme consideration 470:482 arg1 design 425:430 adjuvant design 416:430 adjuvant design 416:430 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 34 theme consideration 470:482 arg1 study 437:441 the study 433:441 the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch 433:498 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 11 35 theme stem 2420:2423 arg1 cells 2425:2429 the cancer stem cells 2409:2429 the cancer stem cells 2409:2429 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 9 36 theme chemical 1910:1917 arg1 approach 1919:1926 the chemical approach 1906:1926 the chemical approach to the synthesis and conjugation of carbohydrate-based immunogens 1906:1992 As demonstrated in this vaccine development, the chemical approach to the synthesis and conjugation of carbohydrate-based immunogens provides the flexibility for access to various structures and linkers to identify optimal compositions for development. 25665650 8 37 theme class 1721:1725 arg1 switch 1727:1732 a class switch 1719:1732 a class switch from IgM to IgG 1719:1748 In addition, a new glycolipid adjuvant was designed to target the CD1d receptor on dendritic cells and B cells for presentation to and activation of T cells to modulate the immune response and induce a class switch from IgM to IgG, thereby overcoming the common problem of carbohydrate-based vaccines that often induce mainly IgM antibodies. 25665650 4 38 theme method 840:845 arg1 development 792:802 The development 788:802 The development of a programmable one-pot synthesis method 788:845 The development of a programmable one-pot synthesis method rendered the synthesis more practical and enabled the midstage proof-of-concept phase II trial and late-stage phase III trial. 25665650 4 39 theme phase 927:931 arg1 trial 936:940 the midstage proof-of-concept phase II trial and late-stage phase III trial 897:971 trial 936:940 The development of a programmable one-pot synthesis method rendered the synthesis more practical and enabled the midstage proof-of-concept phase II trial and late-stage phase III trial. 25665650 2 40 theme cells 612:616 arg1 surface 549:555 the surface 545:555 the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells 545:616 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 3 41 theme human 774:778 arg1 trials 780:785 phase I human trials 766:785 phase I human trials 766:785 The first synthesis of Globo-H was accomplished through the use of glycal chemistry; this approach delivered sufficient material for evaluation in phase I human trials. 25665650 5 42 theme late-stage 1066:1075 arg1 trials 1089:1094 the late-stage multicenter trials 1062:1094 the late-stage multicenter trials 1062:1094 Finally, enzymatic synthesis of Globo-H coupled with cofactor regeneration was used for the late-stage multicenter trials and manufacture of the product. 25665650 1 43 theme anticancer 58:67 arg1 vaccines 69:76 anticancer vaccines 58:76 anticancer vaccines 58:76 The development of anticancer vaccines requires the identification of unique epitope markers, preferably expressed exclusively on the surface of cancer cells. 25665650 11 44 with combination 2468:2478 arg1 biology 2507:2513 cancer biology 2500:2513 cancer biology 2500:2513 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 11 44 with combination 2468:2478 arg1 immunology 2485:2494 immunology 2485:2494 immunology 2485:2494 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 2 45 theme class 487:491 arg1 switch 493:498 class switch 487:498 class switch 487:498 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 9 46 theme optimal 2076:2082 arg1 compositions 2084:2095 optimal compositions 2076:2095 optimal compositions for development 2076:2111 As demonstrated in this vaccine development, the chemical approach to the synthesis and conjugation of carbohydrate-based immunogens provides the flexibility for access to various structures and linkers to identify optimal compositions for development. 25665650 11 47 theme Globo-H 2559:2565 arg1 vaccine 2567:2573 the Globo-H vaccine 2555:2573 the Globo-H vaccine 2555:2573 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 9 48 theme carbohydrate-based 1964:1981 arg1 immunogens 1983:1992 carbohydrate-based immunogens 1964:1992 carbohydrate-based immunogens 1964:1992 As demonstrated in this vaccine development, the chemical approach to the synthesis and conjugation of carbohydrate-based immunogens provides the flexibility for access to various structures and linkers to identify optimal compositions for development. 25665650 2 49 theme adjuvant 416:423 arg1 design 425:430 adjuvant design 416:430 adjuvant design 416:430 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 49 theme adjuvant 416:423 arg1 study 437:441 the study 433:441 the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch 433:498 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 0 50 theme Globo-H 15:21 arg1 vaccine 30:36 Globo-H cancer vaccine 15:36 Globo-H cancer vaccine 15:36 Development of Globo-H cancer vaccine. 25665650 7 51 theme cancer 1471:1476 arg1 treatment 1478:1486 cancer treatment 1471:1486 cancer treatment 1471:1486 Moreover, these three glycolipids were found to be uniquely expressed not only on the cell surface of breast cancer but on 15 additional cancer types, suggesting the broad application of this vaccine in cancer treatment and perhaps cancer prevention. 25665650 1 52 theme unique 109:114 arg1 markers 124:130 unique epitope markers 109:130 unique epitope markers 109:130 The development of anticancer vaccines requires the identification of unique epitope markers, preferably expressed exclusively on the surface of cancer cells. 25665650 2 53 theme response 457:464 arg1 design 425:430 adjuvant design 416:430 adjuvant design 416:430 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 53 theme response 457:464 arg1 study 437:441 the study 433:441 the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch 433:498 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 54 theme conjugate 402:410 arg1 synthesis 335:343 synthesis 335:343 synthesis of Globo-H 335:354 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 54 theme conjugate 402:410 arg1 analysis 509:516 the analysis 505:516 the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells 505:616 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 54 theme conjugate 402:410 arg1 target 363:368 the target 359:368 the target 359:368 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 54 theme conjugate 402:410 arg1 development 375:385 the development 371:385 the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch 371:498 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 54 theme conjugate 402:410 arg1 selection 321:329 the selection 317:329 the selection 317:329 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 0 55 theme vaccine 30:36 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of Globo-H cancer vaccine. 0:37 Development of Globo-H cancer vaccine. 25665650 7 56 theme vaccine 1460:1466 arg1 application 1440:1450 the broad application 1430:1450 the broad application of this vaccine in cancer treatment and perhaps cancer prevention 1430:1516 Moreover, these three glycolipids were found to be uniquely expressed not only on the cell surface of breast cancer but on 15 additional cancer types, suggesting the broad application of this vaccine in cancer treatment and perhaps cancer prevention. 25665650 2 57 from development 375:385 arg1 surface 549:555 the surface 545:555 the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells 545:616 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 3 58 from evaluation 752:761 arg1 trials 780:785 phase I human trials 766:785 phase I human trials 766:785 The first synthesis of Globo-H was accomplished through the use of glycal chemistry; this approach delivered sufficient material for evaluation in phase I human trials. 25665650 11 59 theme cancer 2691:2696 arg1 types 2682:2686 different types 2672:2686 different types of cancer 2672:2696 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 2 60 theme Globo-H 348:354 arg1 development 375:385 the development 371:385 the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch 371:498 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 60 theme Globo-H 348:354 arg1 analysis 509:516 the analysis 505:516 the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells 505:616 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 60 theme Globo-H 348:354 arg1 target 363:368 the target 359:368 the target 359:368 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 60 theme Globo-H 348:354 arg1 synthesis 335:343 synthesis 335:343 synthesis of Globo-H 335:354 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 60 theme Globo-H 348:354 arg1 selection 321:329 the selection 317:329 the selection 317:329 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 5 61 theme Globo-H 1006:1012 arg1 synthesis 993:1001 enzymatic synthesis 983:1001 enzymatic synthesis of Globo-H coupled with cofactor regeneration 983:1047 Finally, enzymatic synthesis of Globo-H coupled with cofactor regeneration was used for the late-stage multicenter trials and manufacture of the product. 25665650 11 62 from selection 2346:2354 arg1 cells 2425:2429 the cancer stem cells 2409:2429 the cancer stem cells 2409:2429 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 11 62 from selection 2346:2354 arg1 cells 2399:2403 breast cancer cells 2385:2403 breast cancer cells 2385:2403 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 9 63 dep synthesis 1935:1943 arg1 the 1931:1933 the 1931:1933 the 1931:1933 As demonstrated in this vaccine development, the chemical approach to the synthesis and conjugation of carbohydrate-based immunogens provides the flexibility for access to various structures and linkers to identify optimal compositions for development. 25665650 7 64 theme broad 1434:1438 arg1 application 1440:1450 the broad application 1430:1450 the broad application of this vaccine in cancer treatment and perhaps cancer prevention 1430:1516 Moreover, these three glycolipids were found to be uniquely expressed not only on the cell surface of breast cancer but on 15 additional cancer types, suggesting the broad application of this vaccine in cancer treatment and perhaps cancer prevention. 25665650 2 65 from analysis 509:516 arg1 surface 549:555 the surface 545:555 the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells 545:616 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 3 66 theme first 623:627 arg1 synthesis 629:637 The first synthesis 619:637 The first synthesis of Globo-H 619:648 The first synthesis of Globo-H was accomplished through the use of glycal chemistry; this approach delivered sufficient material for evaluation in phase I human trials. 25665650 7 67 from application 1440:1450 arg1 prevention 1507:1516 cancer prevention 1500:1516 cancer prevention 1500:1516 Moreover, these three glycolipids were found to be uniquely expressed not only on the cell surface of breast cancer but on 15 additional cancer types, suggesting the broad application of this vaccine in cancer treatment and perhaps cancer prevention. 25665650 7 67 from application 1440:1450 arg1 treatment 1478:1486 cancer treatment 1471:1486 cancer treatment 1471:1486 Moreover, these three glycolipids were found to be uniquely expressed not only on the cell surface of breast cancer but on 15 additional cancer types, suggesting the broad application of this vaccine in cancer treatment and perhaps cancer prevention. 25665650 11 68 theme cancer 2500:2505 arg1 biology 2507:2513 cancer biology 2500:2513 cancer biology 2500:2513 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 8 69 theme dendritic 1602:1610 arg1 cells 1612:1616 dendritic cells 1602:1616 dendritic cells 1602:1616 In addition, a new glycolipid adjuvant was designed to target the CD1d receptor on dendritic cells and B cells for presentation to and activation of T cells to modulate the immune response and induce a class switch from IgM to IgG, thereby overcoming the common problem of carbohydrate-based vaccines that often induce mainly IgM antibodies. 25665650 2 70 theme cells 575:579 arg1 surface 549:555 the surface 545:555 the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells 545:616 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 8 71 theme common 1774:1779 arg1 problem 1781:1787 the common problem 1770:1787 the common problem of carbohydrate-based vaccines that often induce mainly IgM antibodies 1770:1858 In addition, a new glycolipid adjuvant was designed to target the CD1d receptor on dendritic cells and B cells for presentation to and activation of T cells to modulate the immune response and induce a class switch from IgM to IgG, thereby overcoming the common problem of carbohydrate-based vaccines that often induce mainly IgM antibodies. 25665650 11 72 theme breast 2385:2390 arg1 cells 2399:2403 breast cancer cells 2385:2403 breast cancer cells 2385:2403 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 11 73 from use 2448:2450 arg1 combination 2468:2478 combination 2468:2478 combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer 2468:2696 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 7 74 theme additional 1394:1403 arg1 types 1412:1416 15 additional cancer types 1391:1416 15 additional cancer types 1391:1416 Moreover, these three glycolipids were found to be uniquely expressed not only on the cell surface of breast cancer but on 15 additional cancer types, suggesting the broad application of this vaccine in cancer treatment and perhaps cancer prevention. 25665650 2 75 theme various 560:566 arg1 cells 575:579 various cancer cells 560:579 various cancer cells 560:579 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 76 from surface 549:555 arg1 synthesis 335:343 synthesis 335:343 synthesis of Globo-H 335:354 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 76 from surface 549:555 arg1 analysis 509:516 the analysis 505:516 the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells 505:616 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 76 from surface 549:555 arg1 target 363:368 the target 359:368 the target 359:368 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 76 from surface 549:555 arg1 development 375:385 the development 371:385 the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch 371:498 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 76 from surface 549:555 arg1 selection 321:329 the selection 317:329 the selection 317:329 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 3 77 theme glycal 686:691 arg1 chemistry 693:701 glycal chemistry 686:701 glycal chemistry 686:701 The first synthesis of Globo-H was accomplished through the use of glycal chemistry; this approach delivered sufficient material for evaluation in phase I human trials. 25665650 2 78 theme metastatic 281:290 arg1 cancer 299:304 metastatic breast cancer 281:304 metastatic breast cancer 281:304 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 79 theme cells 594:598 arg1 surface 549:555 the surface 545:555 the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells 545:616 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 7 80 theme breast 1370:1375 arg1 cancer 1377:1382 breast cancer 1370:1382 breast cancer 1370:1382 Moreover, these three glycolipids were found to be uniquely expressed not only on the cell surface of breast cancer but on 15 additional cancer types, suggesting the broad application of this vaccine in cancer treatment and perhaps cancer prevention. 25665650 11 81 theme number 2662:2667 arg1 surface 2649:2655 the cell surface 2640:2655 the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer 2640:2696 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 8 82 theme vaccines 1811:1818 arg1 problem 1781:1787 the common problem 1770:1787 the common problem of carbohydrate-based vaccines that often induce mainly IgM antibodies 1770:1858 In addition, a new glycolipid adjuvant was designed to target the CD1d receptor on dendritic cells and B cells for presentation to and activation of T cells to modulate the immune response and induce a class switch from IgM to IgG, thereby overcoming the common problem of carbohydrate-based vaccines that often induce mainly IgM antibodies. 25665650 1 83 theme cancer 184:189 arg1 cells 191:195 cancer cells 184:195 cancer cells 184:195 The development of anticancer vaccines requires the identification of unique epitope markers, preferably expressed exclusively on the surface of cancer cells. 25665650 2 84 theme cancer 582:587 arg1 cells 594:598 cancer stem cells 582:598 cancer stem cells 582:598 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 11 85 theme cancer 2325:2330 arg1 vaccine 2332:2338 a cancer vaccine 2323:2338 a cancer vaccine 2323:2338 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 4 86 theme programmable 809:820 arg1 method 840:845 a programmable one-pot synthesis method 807:845 a programmable one-pot synthesis method 807:845 The development of a programmable one-pot synthesis method rendered the synthesis more practical and enabled the midstage proof-of-concept phase II trial and late-stage phase III trial. 25665650 2 87 theme Globo-H 521:527 arg1 distribution 529:540 Globo-H distribution 521:540 Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells 521:616 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 88 theme development 233:243 arg1 path 225:228 the path 221:228 the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer 221:304 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 10 89 theme enzymatic 2118:2126 arg1 method 2128:2133 The enzymatic method 2114:2133 The enzymatic method 2114:2133 The enzymatic method was then introduced to enable the practical synthesis of the vaccine candidate for clinical development and commercialization. 25665650 11 90 theme different 2672:2680 arg1 types 2682:2686 different types 2672:2686 different types of cancer 2672:2696 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 8 91 theme cells 1670:1674 arg1 activation 1654:1663 and activation 1650:1663 activation 1654:1663 In addition, a new glycolipid adjuvant was designed to target the CD1d receptor on dendritic cells and B cells for presentation to and activation of T cells to modulate the immune response and induce a class switch from IgM to IgG, thereby overcoming the common problem of carbohydrate-based vaccines that often induce mainly IgM antibodies. 25665650 1 92 theme epitope 116:122 arg1 markers 124:130 unique epitope markers 109:130 unique epitope markers 109:130 The development of anticancer vaccines requires the identification of unique epitope markers, preferably expressed exclusively on the surface of cancer cells. 25665650 3 93 theme sufficient 728:737 arg1 material 739:746 sufficient material 728:746 sufficient material 728:746 The first synthesis of Globo-H was accomplished through the use of glycal chemistry; this approach delivered sufficient material for evaluation in phase I human trials. 25665650 2 94 theme vaccine 269:275 arg1 development 233:243 development 233:243 development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer 233:304 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 11 95 theme vaccine 2332:2338 arg1 development 2308:2318 development 2308:2318 development of a cancer vaccine 2308:2338 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 11 96 theme cancer 2392:2397 arg1 cells 2399:2403 breast cancer cells 2385:2403 breast cancer cells 2385:2403 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 11 97 theme glycan 2600:2605 arg1 markers 2607:2613 three specific glycan markers 2585:2613 three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer 2585:2696 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 3 98 theme I 772:772 arg1 trials 780:785 phase I human trials 766:785 phase I human trials 766:785 The first synthesis of Globo-H was accomplished through the use of glycal chemistry; this approach delivered sufficient material for evaluation in phase I human trials. 25665650 8 99 theme immune 1692:1697 arg1 response 1699:1706 the immune response 1688:1706 the immune response 1688:1706 In addition, a new glycolipid adjuvant was designed to target the CD1d receptor on dendritic cells and B cells for presentation to and activation of T cells to modulate the immune response and induce a class switch from IgM to IgG, thereby overcoming the common problem of carbohydrate-based vaccines that often induce mainly IgM antibodies. 25665650 11 100 theme cancer 2413:2418 arg1 cells 2425:2429 the cancer stem cells 2409:2429 the cancer stem cells 2409:2429 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 11 101 theme cell 2644:2647 arg1 surface 2649:2655 the cell surface 2640:2655 the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer 2640:2696 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 10 102 theme candidate 2204:2212 arg1 synthesis 2179:2187 the practical synthesis 2165:2187 the practical synthesis of the vaccine candidate for clinical development and commercialization 2165:2259 The enzymatic method was then introduced to enable the practical synthesis of the vaccine candidate for clinical development and commercialization. 25665650 7 103 theme cancer 1500:1505 arg1 prevention 1507:1516 cancer prevention 1500:1516 cancer prevention 1500:1516 Moreover, these three glycolipids were found to be uniquely expressed not only on the cell surface of breast cancer but on 15 additional cancer types, suggesting the broad application of this vaccine in cancer treatment and perhaps cancer prevention. 25665650 4 104 theme phase 957:961 arg1 trial 967:971 the midstage proof-of-concept phase II trial and late-stage phase III trial 897:971 trial 967:971 The development of a programmable one-pot synthesis method rendered the synthesis more practical and enabled the midstage proof-of-concept phase II trial and late-stage phase III trial. 25665650 10 105 theme practical 2169:2177 arg1 synthesis 2179:2187 the practical synthesis 2165:2187 the practical synthesis of the vaccine candidate for clinical development and commercialization 2165:2259 The enzymatic method was then introduced to enable the practical synthesis of the vaccine candidate for clinical development and commercialization. 25665650 8 106 from IgM 1739:1741 arg1 switch 1727:1732 a class switch 1719:1732 a class switch from IgM to IgG 1719:1748 In addition, a new glycolipid adjuvant was designed to target the CD1d receptor on dendritic cells and B cells for presentation to and activation of T cells to modulate the immune response and induce a class switch from IgM to IgG, thereby overcoming the common problem of carbohydrate-based vaccines that often induce mainly IgM antibodies. 25665650 5 107 theme product 1119:1125 arg1 trials 1089:1094 the late-stage multicenter trials 1062:1094 the late-stage multicenter trials 1062:1094 Finally, enzymatic synthesis of Globo-H coupled with cofactor regeneration was used for the late-stage multicenter trials and manufacture of the product. 25665650 5 107 theme product 1119:1125 arg1 manufacture 1100:1110 manufacture 1100:1110 manufacture of the product 1100:1125 Finally, enzymatic synthesis of Globo-H coupled with cofactor regeneration was used for the late-stage multicenter trials and manufacture of the product. 25665650 4 108 theme proof-of-concept 910:925 arg1 trial 936:940 the midstage proof-of-concept phase II trial and late-stage phase III trial 897:971 trial 936:940 The development of a programmable one-pot synthesis method rendered the synthesis more practical and enabled the midstage proof-of-concept phase II trial and late-stage phase III trial. 25665650 2 109 theme normal 605:610 arg1 cells 612:616 normal cells 605:616 normal cells 605:616 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 8 110 from receptor 1590:1597 arg1 cells 1612:1616 dendritic cells 1602:1616 dendritic cells 1602:1616 In addition, a new glycolipid adjuvant was designed to target the CD1d receptor on dendritic cells and B cells for presentation to and activation of T cells to modulate the immune response and induce a class switch from IgM to IgG, thereby overcoming the common problem of carbohydrate-based vaccines that often induce mainly IgM antibodies. 25665650 8 110 from receptor 1590:1597 arg1 cells 1624:1628 B cells 1622:1628 B cells 1622:1628 In addition, a new glycolipid adjuvant was designed to target the CD1d receptor on dendritic cells and B cells for presentation to and activation of T cells to modulate the immune response and induce a class switch from IgM to IgG, thereby overcoming the common problem of carbohydrate-based vaccines that often induce mainly IgM antibodies. 25665650 5 111 theme multicenter 1077:1087 arg1 trials 1089:1094 the late-stage multicenter trials 1062:1094 the late-stage multicenter trials 1062:1094 Finally, enzymatic synthesis of Globo-H coupled with cofactor regeneration was used for the late-stage multicenter trials and manufacture of the product. 25665650 1 112 theme vaccines 69:76 arg1 development 43:53 The development 39:53 The development of anticancer vaccines 39:76 The development of anticancer vaccines requires the identification of unique epitope markers, preferably expressed exclusively on the surface of cancer cells. 25665650 2 113 theme switch 493:498 arg1 consideration 470:482 consideration 470:482 consideration of class switch 470:498 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 113 theme switch 493:498 arg1 response 457:464 the immune response 446:464 the immune response 446:464 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 10 114 theme vaccine 2196:2202 arg1 candidate 2204:2212 the vaccine candidate 2192:2212 the vaccine candidate for clinical development and commercialization 2192:2259 The enzymatic method was then introduced to enable the practical synthesis of the vaccine candidate for clinical development and commercialization. 25665650 9 115 theme various 2033:2039 arg1 structures 2041:2050 various structures 2033:2050 various structures 2033:2050 As demonstrated in this vaccine development, the chemical approach to the synthesis and conjugation of carbohydrate-based immunogens provides the flexibility for access to various structures and linkers to identify optimal compositions for development. 25665650 0 116 theme cancer 23:28 arg1 vaccine 30:36 Globo-H cancer vaccine 15:36 Globo-H cancer vaccine 15:36 Development of Globo-H cancer vaccine. 25665650 2 117 theme design 425:430 arg1 synthesis 335:343 synthesis 335:343 synthesis of Globo-H 335:354 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 117 theme design 425:430 arg1 analysis 509:516 the analysis 505:516 the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells 505:616 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 117 theme design 425:430 arg1 target 363:368 the target 359:368 the target 359:368 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 117 theme design 425:430 arg1 development 375:385 the development 371:385 the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch 371:498 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 117 theme design 425:430 arg1 selection 321:329 the selection 317:329 the selection 317:329 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 9 118 theme immunogens 1983:1992 arg1 conjugation 1949:1959 conjugation 1949:1959 conjugation 1949:1959 As demonstrated in this vaccine development, the chemical approach to the synthesis and conjugation of carbohydrate-based immunogens provides the flexibility for access to various structures and linkers to identify optimal compositions for development. 25665650 9 118 theme immunogens 1983:1992 arg1 synthesis 1935:1943 synthesis 1935:1943 synthesis 1935:1943 As demonstrated in this vaccine development, the chemical approach to the synthesis and conjugation of carbohydrate-based immunogens provides the flexibility for access to various structures and linkers to identify optimal compositions for development. 25665650 5 119 theme enzymatic 983:991 arg1 synthesis 993:1001 enzymatic synthesis 983:1001 enzymatic synthesis of Globo-H coupled with cofactor regeneration 983:1047 Finally, enzymatic synthesis of Globo-H coupled with cofactor regeneration was used for the late-stage multicenter trials and manufacture of the product. 25665650 2 120 theme immune 450:455 arg1 response 457:464 the immune response 446:464 the immune response 446:464 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 121 from distribution 529:540 arg1 surface 549:555 the surface 545:555 the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells 545:616 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 2 122 theme vaccine 394:400 arg1 conjugate 402:410 the vaccine conjugate 390:410 the vaccine conjugate 390:410 This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. 25665650 11 123 theme vaccine 2567:2573 arg1 development 2540:2550 development 2540:2550 development 2540:2550 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 11 123 theme vaccine 2567:2573 arg1 design 2529:2534 the design 2525:2534 the design 2525:2534 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 8 124 theme CD1d 1585:1588 arg1 receptor 1590:1597 the CD1d receptor 1581:1597 the CD1d receptor on dendritic cells and B cells for presentation 1581:1645 In addition, a new glycolipid adjuvant was designed to target the CD1d receptor on dendritic cells and B cells for presentation to and activation of T cells to modulate the immune response and induce a class switch from IgM to IgG, thereby overcoming the common problem of carbohydrate-based vaccines that often induce mainly IgM antibodies. 25665650 8 125 theme new 1534:1536 arg1 glycolipid 1538:1547 a new glycolipid adjuvant 1532:1556 a new glycolipid adjuvant 1532:1556 In addition, a new glycolipid adjuvant was designed to target the CD1d receptor on dendritic cells and B cells for presentation to and activation of T cells to modulate the immune response and induce a class switch from IgM to IgG, thereby overcoming the common problem of carbohydrate-based vaccines that often induce mainly IgM antibodies. 25665650 11 126 theme glycan 2368:2373 arg1 marker 2375:2380 a unique glycan marker 2359:2380 a unique glycan marker 2359:2380 Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer. 25665650 8 127 theme adjuvant 1549:1556 arg1 glycolipid 1538:1547 a new glycolipid adjuvant 1532:1556 a new glycolipid adjuvant 1532:1556 In addition, a new glycolipid adjuvant was designed to target the CD1d receptor on dendritic cells and B cells for presentation to and activation of T cells to modulate the immune response and induce a class switch from IgM to IgG, thereby overcoming the common problem of carbohydrate-based vaccines that often induce mainly IgM antibodies. 24316358 16 0 theme cell 2414:2417 arg1 wall 2419:2422 the cell wall 2410:2422 the cell wall 2410:2422 Lignin degradation was corroborated by the identification of some degradation products, but the suberin barrier in the cell wall remained virtually intact. 24316358 9 1 theme common 1444:1449 arg1 set 1451:1453 a common set 1442:1453 a common set of enzymatic mechanisms 1442:1477 Finally, stringent comparative proteomics revealed that A. nidulans colonisation of cork and wood share a common set of enzymatic mechanisms. 24316358 9 1 theme common 1444:1449 arg1 mechanisms 1468:1477 enzymatic mechanisms 1458:1477 enzymatic mechanisms 1458:1477 Finally, stringent comparative proteomics revealed that A. nidulans colonisation of cork and wood share a common set of enzymatic mechanisms. 24316358 5 2 theme cell 634:637 arg1 walls 639:643 the cork cell walls 625:643 the cork cell walls 625:643 Data showed that the fungus formed an intricate network of hyphae around the cork cell walls, which enabled polysaccharides and lignin superficial degradation, but probably not of suberin. 24316358 17 3 theme common 2523:2528 arg1 set 2530:2532 a common set 2521:2532 a common set of enzymatic mechanisms 2521:2556 Comparative proteomics revealed that cork and wood colonisation share a common set of enzymatic mechanisms. 24316358 17 3 theme common 2523:2528 arg1 mechanisms 2547:2556 enzymatic mechanisms 2537:2556 enzymatic mechanisms 2537:2556 Comparative proteomics revealed that cork and wood colonisation share a common set of enzymatic mechanisms. 24316358 11 4 theme Cork 1623:1626 arg1 degradation 1628:1638 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cork degradation 1599:1638 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cork degradation by fungi 1599:1647 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cork degradation by fungi remains largely overlook. 24316358 0 5 theme Investigating 0:12 arg1 nidulans 26:33 Investigating Aspergillus nidulans 0:33 Investigating Aspergillus nidulans 0:33 Investigating Aspergillus nidulans secretome during colonisation of cork cell walls. 24316358 9 6 theme mechanisms 1468:1477 arg1 set 1451:1453 a common set 1442:1453 a common set of enzymatic mechanisms 1442:1477 Finally, stringent comparative proteomics revealed that A. nidulans colonisation of cork and wood share a common set of enzymatic mechanisms. 24316358 9 6 theme mechanisms 1468:1477 arg1 mechanisms 1468:1477 enzymatic mechanisms 1458:1477 enzymatic mechanisms 1458:1477 Finally, stringent comparative proteomics revealed that A. nidulans colonisation of cork and wood share a common set of enzymatic mechanisms. 24316358 7 7 theme cinnamic 1092:1099 arg1 acid 1101:1104 cinnamic acid 1092:1104 cinnamic acid 1092:1104 Lignin degradation, which likely evolved throughout a Fenton-like mechanism relying on the activity of alcohol oxidases, was supported by the identification of small aromatic compounds (e.g. cinnamic acid and veratrylaldehyde) and of several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products. 24316358 11 8 theme BIOLOGICAL 1599:1608 arg1 degradation 1628:1638 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cork degradation 1599:1638 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cork degradation by fungi 1599:1647 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cork degradation by fungi remains largely overlook. 24316358 16 9 theme Lignin 2295:2300 arg1 degradation 2302:2312 Lignin degradation 2295:2312 Lignin degradation 2295:2312 Lignin degradation was corroborated by the identification of some degradation products, but the suberin barrier in the cell wall remained virtually intact. 24316358 17 10 theme mechanisms 2547:2556 arg1 set 2530:2532 a common set 2521:2532 a common set of enzymatic mechanisms 2521:2556 Comparative proteomics revealed that cork and wood colonisation share a common set of enzymatic mechanisms. 24316358 17 10 theme mechanisms 2547:2556 arg1 mechanisms 2547:2556 enzymatic mechanisms 2537:2556 enzymatic mechanisms 2537:2556 Comparative proteomics revealed that cork and wood colonisation share a common set of enzymatic mechanisms. 24316358 8 11 theme protein 1285:1291 arg1 species 1293:1299 several protein species 1277:1299 several protein species which are associated with autolysis 1277:1335 In addition, cork recalcitrance was corroborated by the identification of several protein species which are associated with autolysis. 24316358 13 12 theme protein 1813:1819 arg1 species 1821:1827 the protein species 1809:1827 the protein species consistently present in the secretome 1809:1865 To address this, the protein species consistently present in the secretome were analysed, as well as major alterations occurring in the substrate, including lignin degradation compounds being released. 24316358 13 13 from present 1842:1848 arg1 secretome 1857:1865 the secretome 1853:1865 the secretome 1853:1865 To address this, the protein species consistently present in the secretome were analysed, as well as major alterations occurring in the substrate, including lignin degradation compounds being released. 24316358 1 14 theme remarkable 173:182 arg1 recalcitrance 211:223 high recalcitrance 206:223 high recalcitrance 206:223 Cork, the outer bark of Quercus suber, shows a unique compositional structure, a set of remarkable properties, including high recalcitrance. 24316358 1 14 theme remarkable 173:182 arg1 properties 184:193 remarkable properties 173:193 remarkable properties 173:193 Cork, the outer bark of Quercus suber, shows a unique compositional structure, a set of remarkable properties, including high recalcitrance. 24316358 4 15 theme spectroscopic 419:431 arg1 evaluation 444:453 microscopic (SEM) and spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) evaluation 397:453 evaluation 444:453 Proteomic data were further complemented by microscopic (SEM) and spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) evaluation of the colonised substrate and by targeted analysis of lignin degradation compounds (UPLC-HRMS). 24316358 16 16 theme products 2373:2380 arg1 identification 2338:2351 the identification 2334:2351 the identification of some degradation products 2334:2380 Lignin degradation was corroborated by the identification of some degradation products, but the suberin barrier in the cell wall remained virtually intact. 24316358 5 17 theme superficial 687:697 arg1 degradation 699:709 lignin superficial degradation 680:709 lignin superficial degradation 680:709 Data showed that the fungus formed an intricate network of hyphae around the cork cell walls, which enabled polysaccharides and lignin superficial degradation, but probably not of suberin. 24316358 3 18 theme Aspergillus 294:304 arg1 secretome 315:323 Aspergillus nidulans secretome 294:323 Aspergillus nidulans secretome on cork 294:331 Herein, Aspergillus nidulans secretome on cork was analysed (2DE). 24316358 4 19 theme ATR-FTIR 434:441 arg1 evaluation 444:453 microscopic (SEM) and spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) evaluation 397:453 evaluation 444:453 Proteomic data were further complemented by microscopic (SEM) and spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) evaluation of the colonised substrate and by targeted analysis of lignin degradation compounds (UPLC-HRMS). 24316358 3 20 from secretome 315:323 arg1 cork 328:331 cork 328:331 cork 328:331 Herein, Aspergillus nidulans secretome on cork was analysed (2DE). 24316358 7 21 theme oxidases 1012:1019 arg1 activity 992:999 the activity 988:999 the activity of alcohol oxidases 988:1019 Lignin degradation, which likely evolved throughout a Fenton-like mechanism relying on the activity of alcohol oxidases, was supported by the identification of small aromatic compounds (e.g. cinnamic acid and veratrylaldehyde) and of several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products. 24316358 1 22 theme Quercus 109:115 arg1 suber 117:121 Quercus suber 109:121 Quercus suber 109:121 Cork, the outer bark of Quercus suber, shows a unique compositional structure, a set of remarkable properties, including high recalcitrance. 24316358 13 23 theme degradation 1956:1966 arg1 compounds 1968:1976 lignin degradation compounds 1949:1976 lignin degradation compounds being released 1949:1991 To address this, the protein species consistently present in the secretome were analysed, as well as major alterations occurring in the substrate, including lignin degradation compounds being released. 24316358 12 24 theme wood 1773:1776 arg1 colonisation 1778:1789 wood colonisation 1773:1789 wood colonisation 1773:1789 Herein we aimed at understanding how A. nidulans colonise cork cell walls and how this relates to wood colonisation. 24316358 16 25 theme degradation 2361:2371 arg1 products 2373:2380 some degradation products 2356:2380 some degradation products 2356:2380 Lignin degradation was corroborated by the identification of some degradation products, but the suberin barrier in the cell wall remained virtually intact. 24316358 0 26 theme cell 73:76 arg1 walls 78:82 cork cell walls 68:82 cork cell walls 68:82 Investigating Aspergillus nidulans secretome during colonisation of cork cell walls. 24316358 2 27 theme Cork 226:229 arg1 colonisation 231:242 Cork colonisation 226:242 Cork colonisation by Ascomycota 226:256 Cork colonisation by Ascomycota remains largely overlooked. 24316358 4 28 theme substrate 472:480 arg1 SEM 410:412 microscopic (SEM) and spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) evaluation 397:453 SEM 410:412 Proteomic data were further complemented by microscopic (SEM) and spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) evaluation of the colonised substrate and by targeted analysis of lignin degradation compounds (UPLC-HRMS). 24316358 1 29 theme compositional 139:151 arg1 structure 153:161 a unique compositional structure 130:161 a unique compositional structure 130:161 Cork, the outer bark of Quercus suber, shows a unique compositional structure, a set of remarkable properties, including high recalcitrance. 24316358 1 29 theme compositional 139:151 arg1 set 166:168 a set 164:168 a set of remarkable properties, including high recalcitrance 164:223 Cork, the outer bark of Quercus suber, shows a unique compositional structure, a set of remarkable properties, including high recalcitrance. 24316358 1 29 theme compositional 139:151 arg1 properties 184:193 remarkable properties 173:193 remarkable properties 173:193 Cork, the outer bark of Quercus suber, shows a unique compositional structure, a set of remarkable properties, including high recalcitrance. 24316358 7 30 theme Fenton-like 955:965 arg1 mechanism 967:975 a Fenton-like mechanism 953:975 a Fenton-like mechanism relying on the activity of alcohol oxidases 953:1019 Lignin degradation, which likely evolved throughout a Fenton-like mechanism relying on the activity of alcohol oxidases, was supported by the identification of small aromatic compounds (e.g. cinnamic acid and veratrylaldehyde) and of several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products. 24316358 14 31 theme cell 2077:2080 arg1 walls 2082:2086 the cork cell walls 2068:2086 the cork cell walls 2068:2086 The obtained data demonstrate that this fungus has superficially attacked the cork cell walls apparently by using both enzymatic and Fenton-like reactions. 24316358 12 32 theme cork 1733:1736 arg1 walls 1743:1747 cork cell walls 1733:1747 cork cell walls 1733:1747 Herein we aimed at understanding how A. nidulans colonise cork cell walls and how this relates to wood colonisation. 24316358 13 33 theme present 1842:1848 arg1 species 1821:1827 the protein species 1809:1827 the protein species consistently present in the secretome 1809:1865 To address this, the protein species consistently present in the secretome were analysed, as well as major alterations occurring in the substrate, including lignin degradation compounds being released. 24316358 10 34 theme higher 1492:1497 arg1 accessibility 1514:1526 the higher polysaccharide accessibility 1488:1526 the higher polysaccharide accessibility in cork 1488:1534 However the higher polysaccharide accessibility in cork might explain the increase of β-glucosidase in cork secretome. 24316358 7 35 theme products 1193:1200 arg1 identification 1043:1056 the identification 1039:1056 the identification of small aromatic compounds (e.g. cinnamic acid and veratrylaldehyde) and of several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products 1039:1200 Lignin degradation, which likely evolved throughout a Fenton-like mechanism relying on the activity of alcohol oxidases, was supported by the identification of small aromatic compounds (e.g. cinnamic acid and veratrylaldehyde) and of several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products. 24316358 9 36 theme comparative 1357:1367 arg1 proteomics 1369:1378 stringent comparative proteomics 1347:1378 stringent comparative proteomics 1347:1378 Finally, stringent comparative proteomics revealed that A. nidulans colonisation of cork and wood share a common set of enzymatic mechanisms. 24316358 16 37 from barrier 2399:2405 arg1 wall 2419:2422 the cell wall 2410:2422 the cell wall 2410:2422 Lignin degradation was corroborated by the identification of some degradation products, but the suberin barrier in the cell wall remained virtually intact. 24316358 4 38 theme compounds 529:537 arg1 analysis 498:505 targeted analysis 489:505 targeted analysis of lignin degradation compounds (UPLC-HRMS) 489:549 Proteomic data were further complemented by microscopic (SEM) and spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) evaluation of the colonised substrate and by targeted analysis of lignin degradation compounds (UPLC-HRMS). 24316358 7 39 theme lignin 1174:1179 arg1 products 1193:1200 several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products 1135:1200 several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products 1135:1200 Lignin degradation, which likely evolved throughout a Fenton-like mechanism relying on the activity of alcohol oxidases, was supported by the identification of small aromatic compounds (e.g. cinnamic acid and veratrylaldehyde) and of several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products. 24316358 13 40 attach present 1842:1848 arg2 species 1821:1827 the protein species 1809:1827 the protein species consistently present in the secretome 1809:1865 To address this, the protein species consistently present in the secretome were analysed, as well as major alterations occurring in the substrate, including lignin degradation compounds being released. 24316358 13 40 attach present 1842:1848 arg1 secretome 1857:1865 the secretome 1853:1865 the secretome 1853:1865 To address this, the protein species consistently present in the secretome were analysed, as well as major alterations occurring in the substrate, including lignin degradation compounds being released. 24316358 7 41 theme molecular 1157:1165 arg1 weight 1167:1172 high molecular weight 1152:1172 several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products 1135:1200 Lignin degradation, which likely evolved throughout a Fenton-like mechanism relying on the activity of alcohol oxidases, was supported by the identification of small aromatic compounds (e.g. cinnamic acid and veratrylaldehyde) and of several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products. 24316358 9 42 theme A. 1394:1395 arg1 colonisation 1406:1417 A. nidulans colonisation 1394:1417 A. nidulans colonisation of cork and wood 1394:1434 Finally, stringent comparative proteomics revealed that A. nidulans colonisation of cork and wood share a common set of enzymatic mechanisms. 24316358 6 43 theme enzymes 844:850 arg1 identification 797:810 the identification 793:810 the identification of few polysaccharide degrading enzymes (β-glucosidases and endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase) 793:898 The degradation of polysaccharides was suggested by the identification of few polysaccharide degrading enzymes (β-glucosidases and endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase). 24316358 17 44 theme wood 2497:2500 arg1 colonisation 2502:2513 wood colonisation 2497:2513 wood colonisation 2497:2513 Comparative proteomics revealed that cork and wood colonisation share a common set of enzymatic mechanisms. 24316358 10 45 theme β-glucosidase 1566:1578 arg1 increase 1554:1561 the increase 1550:1561 the increase of β-glucosidase in cork secretome 1550:1596 However the higher polysaccharide accessibility in cork might explain the increase of β-glucosidase in cork secretome. 24316358 12 46 dep understanding 1694:1706 arg1 relates 1762:1768 relates 1762:1768 relates to wood colonisation 1762:1789 Herein we aimed at understanding how A. nidulans colonise cork cell walls and how this relates to wood colonisation. 24316358 12 46 dep understanding 1694:1706 arg1 colonise 1724:1731 colonise 1724:1731 colonise cork cell walls 1724:1747 Herein we aimed at understanding how A. nidulans colonise cork cell walls and how this relates to wood colonisation. 24316358 7 47 theme putative 1143:1150 arg1 products 1193:1200 several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products 1135:1200 several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products 1135:1200 Lignin degradation, which likely evolved throughout a Fenton-like mechanism relying on the activity of alcohol oxidases, was supported by the identification of small aromatic compounds (e.g. cinnamic acid and veratrylaldehyde) and of several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products. 24316358 6 48 theme polysaccharide 819:832 arg1 enzymes 844:850 few polysaccharide degrading enzymes 815:850 few polysaccharide degrading enzymes (β-glucosidases and endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase) 815:898 The degradation of polysaccharides was suggested by the identification of few polysaccharide degrading enzymes (β-glucosidases and endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase). 24316358 6 48 theme polysaccharide 819:832 arg1 endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase 872:897 endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase 872:897 endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase 872:897 The degradation of polysaccharides was suggested by the identification of few polysaccharide degrading enzymes (β-glucosidases and endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase). 24316358 6 48 theme polysaccharide 819:832 arg1 β-glucosidases 853:866 β-glucosidases 853:866 β-glucosidases 853:866 The degradation of polysaccharides was suggested by the identification of few polysaccharide degrading enzymes (β-glucosidases and endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase). 24316358 15 49 theme degrading 2176:2184 arg1 enzymes 2186:2192 Only a few polysaccharide degrading enzymes 2150:2192 Only a few polysaccharide degrading enzymes 2150:2192 Only a few polysaccharide degrading enzymes could be detected in the secretome which was dominated by protein species associated with autolysis. 24316358 15 50 located detected 2203:2210 arg2 enzymes 2186:2192 Only a few polysaccharide degrading enzymes 2150:2192 Only a few polysaccharide degrading enzymes 2150:2192 Only a few polysaccharide degrading enzymes could be detected in the secretome which was dominated by protein species associated with autolysis. 24316358 15 50 located detected 2203:2210 arg1 secretome 2219:2227 the secretome 2215:2227 the secretome which was dominated by protein species associated with autolysis 2215:2292 Only a few polysaccharide degrading enzymes could be detected in the secretome which was dominated by protein species associated with autolysis. 24316358 4 51 theme lignin 510:515 arg1 UPLC-HRMS 540:548 UPLC-HRMS 540:548 UPLC-HRMS 540:548 Proteomic data were further complemented by microscopic (SEM) and spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) evaluation of the colonised substrate and by targeted analysis of lignin degradation compounds (UPLC-HRMS). 24316358 4 51 theme lignin 510:515 arg1 compounds 529:537 lignin degradation compounds 510:537 lignin degradation compounds (UPLC-HRMS) 510:549 Proteomic data were further complemented by microscopic (SEM) and spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) evaluation of the colonised substrate and by targeted analysis of lignin degradation compounds (UPLC-HRMS). 24316358 6 52 theme polysaccharides 760:774 arg1 degradation 745:755 The degradation 741:755 The degradation of polysaccharides 741:774 The degradation of polysaccharides was suggested by the identification of few polysaccharide degrading enzymes (β-glucosidases and endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase). 24316358 9 53 theme cork 1422:1425 arg1 colonisation 1406:1417 A. nidulans colonisation 1394:1417 A. nidulans colonisation of cork and wood 1394:1434 Finally, stringent comparative proteomics revealed that A. nidulans colonisation of cork and wood share a common set of enzymatic mechanisms. 24316358 9 54 theme wood 1431:1434 arg1 colonisation 1406:1417 A. nidulans colonisation 1394:1417 A. nidulans colonisation of cork and wood 1394:1434 Finally, stringent comparative proteomics revealed that A. nidulans colonisation of cork and wood share a common set of enzymatic mechanisms. 24316358 0 55 theme cork 68:71 arg1 walls 78:82 cork cell walls 68:82 cork cell walls 68:82 Investigating Aspergillus nidulans secretome during colonisation of cork cell walls. 24316358 10 56 theme cork 1583:1586 arg1 secretome 1588:1596 cork secretome 1583:1596 cork secretome 1583:1596 However the higher polysaccharide accessibility in cork might explain the increase of β-glucosidase in cork secretome. 24316358 12 57 dep A. 1712:1713 arg1 nidulans 1715:1722 A. nidulans 1712:1722 A. nidulans 1712:1722 Herein we aimed at understanding how A. nidulans colonise cork cell walls and how this relates to wood colonisation. 24316358 3 58 dep analysed 337:344 arg1 2DE 347:349 2DE 347:349 2DE 347:349 Herein, Aspergillus nidulans secretome on cork was analysed (2DE). 24316358 5 59 theme cork 629:632 arg1 walls 639:643 the cork cell walls 625:643 the cork cell walls 625:643 Data showed that the fungus formed an intricate network of hyphae around the cork cell walls, which enabled polysaccharides and lignin superficial degradation, but probably not of suberin. 24316358 4 60 theme microscopic 397:407 arg1 SEM 410:412 microscopic (SEM) and spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) evaluation 397:453 SEM 410:412 Proteomic data were further complemented by microscopic (SEM) and spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) evaluation of the colonised substrate and by targeted analysis of lignin degradation compounds (UPLC-HRMS). 24316358 17 61 theme Comparative 2451:2461 arg1 proteomics 2463:2472 Comparative proteomics 2451:2472 Comparative proteomics 2451:2472 Comparative proteomics revealed that cork and wood colonisation share a common set of enzymatic mechanisms. 24316358 3 62 dep Aspergillus 294:304 arg1 nidulans 306:313 nidulans 306:313 nidulans 306:313 Herein, Aspergillus nidulans secretome on cork was analysed (2DE). 24316358 5 63 theme intricate 590:598 arg1 network 600:606 an intricate network 587:606 an intricate network of hyphae 587:616 Data showed that the fungus formed an intricate network of hyphae around the cork cell walls, which enabled polysaccharides and lignin superficial degradation, but probably not of suberin. 24316358 9 64 theme enzymatic 1458:1466 arg1 mechanisms 1468:1477 enzymatic mechanisms 1458:1477 enzymatic mechanisms 1458:1477 Finally, stringent comparative proteomics revealed that A. nidulans colonisation of cork and wood share a common set of enzymatic mechanisms. 24316358 4 65 theme Proteomic 353:361 arg1 data 363:366 Proteomic data 353:366 Proteomic data 353:366 Proteomic data were further complemented by microscopic (SEM) and spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) evaluation of the colonised substrate and by targeted analysis of lignin degradation compounds (UPLC-HRMS). 24316358 5 66 theme hyphae 611:616 arg1 network 600:606 an intricate network 587:606 an intricate network of hyphae 587:616 Data showed that the fungus formed an intricate network of hyphae around the cork cell walls, which enabled polysaccharides and lignin superficial degradation, but probably not of suberin. 24316358 17 67 theme enzymatic 2537:2545 arg1 mechanisms 2547:2556 enzymatic mechanisms 2537:2556 enzymatic mechanisms 2537:2556 Comparative proteomics revealed that cork and wood colonisation share a common set of enzymatic mechanisms. 24316358 7 68 theme compounds 1076:1084 arg1 identification 1043:1056 the identification 1039:1056 the identification of small aromatic compounds (e.g. cinnamic acid and veratrylaldehyde) and of several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products 1039:1200 Lignin degradation, which likely evolved throughout a Fenton-like mechanism relying on the activity of alcohol oxidases, was supported by the identification of small aromatic compounds (e.g. cinnamic acid and veratrylaldehyde) and of several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products. 24316358 11 69 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1610:1621 arg1 degradation 1628:1638 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cork degradation 1599:1638 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cork degradation by fungi 1599:1647 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cork degradation by fungi remains largely overlook. 24316358 15 70 theme protein 2252:2258 arg1 species 2260:2266 protein species 2252:2266 protein species associated with autolysis 2252:2292 Only a few polysaccharide degrading enzymes could be detected in the secretome which was dominated by protein species associated with autolysis. 24316358 8 71 theme several 1277:1283 arg1 species 1293:1299 several protein species 1277:1299 several protein species which are associated with autolysis 1277:1335 In addition, cork recalcitrance was corroborated by the identification of several protein species which are associated with autolysis. 24316358 7 72 theme small 1061:1065 arg1 compounds 1076:1084 small aromatic compounds 1061:1084 small aromatic compounds (e.g. cinnamic acid and veratrylaldehyde) 1061:1126 Lignin degradation, which likely evolved throughout a Fenton-like mechanism relying on the activity of alcohol oxidases, was supported by the identification of small aromatic compounds (e.g. cinnamic acid and veratrylaldehyde) and of several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products. 24316358 1 73 theme properties 184:193 arg1 recalcitrance 211:223 high recalcitrance 206:223 high recalcitrance 206:223 Cork, the outer bark of Quercus suber, shows a unique compositional structure, a set of remarkable properties, including high recalcitrance. 24316358 1 73 theme properties 184:193 arg1 structure 153:161 a unique compositional structure 130:161 a unique compositional structure 130:161 Cork, the outer bark of Quercus suber, shows a unique compositional structure, a set of remarkable properties, including high recalcitrance. 24316358 1 73 theme properties 184:193 arg1 set 166:168 a set 164:168 a set of remarkable properties, including high recalcitrance 164:223 Cork, the outer bark of Quercus suber, shows a unique compositional structure, a set of remarkable properties, including high recalcitrance. 24316358 1 73 theme properties 184:193 arg1 properties 184:193 remarkable properties 173:193 remarkable properties 173:193 Cork, the outer bark of Quercus suber, shows a unique compositional structure, a set of remarkable properties, including high recalcitrance. 24316358 8 74 theme cork 1216:1219 arg1 recalcitrance 1221:1233 cork recalcitrance 1216:1233 cork recalcitrance 1216:1233 In addition, cork recalcitrance was corroborated by the identification of several protein species which are associated with autolysis. 24316358 8 75 theme species 1293:1299 arg1 identification 1259:1272 the identification 1255:1272 the identification of several protein species which are associated with autolysis 1255:1335 In addition, cork recalcitrance was corroborated by the identification of several protein species which are associated with autolysis. 24316358 7 76 dep acid 1101:1104 arg1 e.g. 1087:1090 e.g. 1087:1090 e.g. 1087:1090 Lignin degradation, which likely evolved throughout a Fenton-like mechanism relying on the activity of alcohol oxidases, was supported by the identification of small aromatic compounds (e.g. cinnamic acid and veratrylaldehyde) and of several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products. 24316358 10 77 from accessibility 1514:1526 arg1 cork 1531:1534 cork 1531:1534 cork 1531:1534 However the higher polysaccharide accessibility in cork might explain the increase of β-glucosidase in cork secretome. 24316358 13 78 theme lignin 1949:1954 arg1 compounds 1968:1976 lignin degradation compounds 1949:1976 lignin degradation compounds being released 1949:1991 To address this, the protein species consistently present in the secretome were analysed, as well as major alterations occurring in the substrate, including lignin degradation compounds being released. 24316358 1 79 theme suber 117:121 arg1 Cork 85:88 Cork 85:88 Cork 85:88 Cork, the outer bark of Quercus suber, shows a unique compositional structure, a set of remarkable properties, including high recalcitrance. 24316358 1 79 theme suber 117:121 arg1 bark 101:104 the outer bark 91:104 the outer bark of Quercus suber 91:121 Cork, the outer bark of Quercus suber, shows a unique compositional structure, a set of remarkable properties, including high recalcitrance. 24316358 0 80 theme walls 78:82 arg1 colonisation 52:63 colonisation 52:63 colonisation of cork cell walls 52:82 Investigating Aspergillus nidulans secretome during colonisation of cork cell walls. 24316358 13 81 from secretome 1857:1865 arg1 present 1842:1848 present 1842:1848 present 1842:1848 To address this, the protein species consistently present in the secretome were analysed, as well as major alterations occurring in the substrate, including lignin degradation compounds being released. 24316358 7 82 theme alcohol 1004:1010 arg1 oxidases 1012:1019 alcohol oxidases 1004:1019 alcohol oxidases 1004:1019 Lignin degradation, which likely evolved throughout a Fenton-like mechanism relying on the activity of alcohol oxidases, was supported by the identification of small aromatic compounds (e.g. cinnamic acid and veratrylaldehyde) and of several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products. 24316358 16 83 theme suberin 2391:2397 arg1 barrier 2399:2405 the suberin barrier 2387:2405 the suberin barrier in the cell wall 2387:2422 Lignin degradation was corroborated by the identification of some degradation products, but the suberin barrier in the cell wall remained virtually intact. 24316358 1 84 theme unique 132:137 arg1 structure 153:161 a unique compositional structure 130:161 a unique compositional structure 130:161 Cork, the outer bark of Quercus suber, shows a unique compositional structure, a set of remarkable properties, including high recalcitrance. 24316358 1 84 theme unique 132:137 arg1 set 166:168 a set 164:168 a set of remarkable properties, including high recalcitrance 164:223 Cork, the outer bark of Quercus suber, shows a unique compositional structure, a set of remarkable properties, including high recalcitrance. 24316358 1 84 theme unique 132:137 arg1 properties 184:193 remarkable properties 173:193 remarkable properties 173:193 Cork, the outer bark of Quercus suber, shows a unique compositional structure, a set of remarkable properties, including high recalcitrance. 24316358 12 85 theme cell 1738:1741 arg1 walls 1743:1747 cork cell walls 1733:1747 cork cell walls 1733:1747 Herein we aimed at understanding how A. nidulans colonise cork cell walls and how this relates to wood colonisation. 24316358 10 86 from increase 1554:1561 arg1 secretome 1588:1596 cork secretome 1583:1596 cork secretome 1583:1596 However the higher polysaccharide accessibility in cork might explain the increase of β-glucosidase in cork secretome. 24316358 4 87 theme targeted 489:496 arg1 analysis 498:505 targeted analysis 489:505 targeted analysis of lignin degradation compounds (UPLC-HRMS) 489:549 Proteomic data were further complemented by microscopic (SEM) and spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) evaluation of the colonised substrate and by targeted analysis of lignin degradation compounds (UPLC-HRMS). 24316358 13 88 theme major 1893:1897 arg1 alterations 1899:1909 major alterations 1893:1909 major alterations 1893:1909 To address this, the protein species consistently present in the secretome were analysed, as well as major alterations occurring in the substrate, including lignin degradation compounds being released. 24316358 13 88 theme major 1893:1897 arg1 compounds 1968:1976 lignin degradation compounds 1949:1976 lignin degradation compounds being released 1949:1991 To address this, the protein species consistently present in the secretome were analysed, as well as major alterations occurring in the substrate, including lignin degradation compounds being released. 24316358 14 89 theme cork 2072:2075 arg1 walls 2082:2086 the cork cell walls 2068:2086 the cork cell walls 2068:2086 The obtained data demonstrate that this fungus has superficially attacked the cork cell walls apparently by using both enzymatic and Fenton-like reactions. 24316358 4 90 theme colonised 462:470 arg1 substrate 472:480 the colonised substrate 458:480 the colonised substrate 458:480 Proteomic data were further complemented by microscopic (SEM) and spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) evaluation of the colonised substrate and by targeted analysis of lignin degradation compounds (UPLC-HRMS). 24316358 10 91 theme polysaccharide 1499:1512 arg1 accessibility 1514:1526 the higher polysaccharide accessibility 1488:1526 the higher polysaccharide accessibility in cork 1488:1534 However the higher polysaccharide accessibility in cork might explain the increase of β-glucosidase in cork secretome. 24316358 0 92 theme Aspergillus 14:24 arg1 nidulans 26:33 Investigating Aspergillus nidulans 0:33 Investigating Aspergillus nidulans 0:33 Investigating Aspergillus nidulans secretome during colonisation of cork cell walls. 24316358 9 93 theme stringent 1347:1355 arg1 proteomics 1369:1378 stringent comparative proteomics 1347:1378 stringent comparative proteomics 1347:1378 Finally, stringent comparative proteomics revealed that A. nidulans colonisation of cork and wood share a common set of enzymatic mechanisms. 24316358 5 94 theme lignin 680:685 arg1 degradation 699:709 lignin superficial degradation 680:709 lignin superficial degradation 680:709 Data showed that the fungus formed an intricate network of hyphae around the cork cell walls, which enabled polysaccharides and lignin superficial degradation, but probably not of suberin. 24316358 7 95 theme weight 1167:1172 arg1 products 1193:1200 several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products 1135:1200 several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products 1135:1200 Lignin degradation, which likely evolved throughout a Fenton-like mechanism relying on the activity of alcohol oxidases, was supported by the identification of small aromatic compounds (e.g. cinnamic acid and veratrylaldehyde) and of several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products. 24316358 1 96 theme outer 95:99 arg1 Cork 85:88 Cork 85:88 Cork 85:88 Cork, the outer bark of Quercus suber, shows a unique compositional structure, a set of remarkable properties, including high recalcitrance. 24316358 1 96 theme outer 95:99 arg1 bark 101:104 the outer bark 91:104 the outer bark of Quercus suber 91:121 Cork, the outer bark of Quercus suber, shows a unique compositional structure, a set of remarkable properties, including high recalcitrance. 24316358 14 97 theme Fenton-like 2127:2137 arg1 reactions 2139:2147 Fenton-like reactions 2127:2147 Fenton-like reactions 2127:2147 The obtained data demonstrate that this fungus has superficially attacked the cork cell walls apparently by using both enzymatic and Fenton-like reactions. 24316358 7 98 theme high 1152:1155 arg1 weight 1167:1172 high molecular weight 1152:1172 several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products 1135:1200 Lignin degradation, which likely evolved throughout a Fenton-like mechanism relying on the activity of alcohol oxidases, was supported by the identification of small aromatic compounds (e.g. cinnamic acid and veratrylaldehyde) and of several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products. 24316358 6 99 dep enzymes 844:850 arg1 enzymes 844:850 few polysaccharide degrading enzymes 815:850 few polysaccharide degrading enzymes (β-glucosidases and endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase) 815:898 The degradation of polysaccharides was suggested by the identification of few polysaccharide degrading enzymes (β-glucosidases and endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase). 24316358 6 99 dep enzymes 844:850 arg1 endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase 872:897 endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase 872:897 endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase 872:897 The degradation of polysaccharides was suggested by the identification of few polysaccharide degrading enzymes (β-glucosidases and endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase). 24316358 6 99 dep enzymes 844:850 arg1 β-glucosidases 853:866 β-glucosidases 853:866 β-glucosidases 853:866 The degradation of polysaccharides was suggested by the identification of few polysaccharide degrading enzymes (β-glucosidases and endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase). 24316358 7 100 theme several 1135:1141 arg1 products 1193:1200 several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products 1135:1200 several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products 1135:1200 Lignin degradation, which likely evolved throughout a Fenton-like mechanism relying on the activity of alcohol oxidases, was supported by the identification of small aromatic compounds (e.g. cinnamic acid and veratrylaldehyde) and of several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products. 24316358 6 101 theme degrading 834:842 arg1 enzymes 844:850 few polysaccharide degrading enzymes 815:850 few polysaccharide degrading enzymes (β-glucosidases and endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase) 815:898 The degradation of polysaccharides was suggested by the identification of few polysaccharide degrading enzymes (β-glucosidases and endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase). 24316358 6 101 theme degrading 834:842 arg1 endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase 872:897 endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase 872:897 endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase 872:897 The degradation of polysaccharides was suggested by the identification of few polysaccharide degrading enzymes (β-glucosidases and endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase). 24316358 6 101 theme degrading 834:842 arg1 β-glucosidases 853:866 β-glucosidases 853:866 β-glucosidases 853:866 The degradation of polysaccharides was suggested by the identification of few polysaccharide degrading enzymes (β-glucosidases and endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase). 24316358 15 102 theme polysaccharide 2161:2174 arg1 enzymes 2186:2192 Only a few polysaccharide degrading enzymes 2150:2192 Only a few polysaccharide degrading enzymes 2150:2192 Only a few polysaccharide degrading enzymes could be detected in the secretome which was dominated by protein species associated with autolysis. 24316358 9 103 dep A. 1394:1395 arg1 nidulans 1397:1404 nidulans 1397:1404 nidulans 1397:1404 Finally, stringent comparative proteomics revealed that A. nidulans colonisation of cork and wood share a common set of enzymatic mechanisms. 24316358 7 104 theme aromatic 1067:1074 arg1 compounds 1076:1084 small aromatic compounds 1061:1084 small aromatic compounds (e.g. cinnamic acid and veratrylaldehyde) 1061:1126 Lignin degradation, which likely evolved throughout a Fenton-like mechanism relying on the activity of alcohol oxidases, was supported by the identification of small aromatic compounds (e.g. cinnamic acid and veratrylaldehyde) and of several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products. 24316358 4 105 theme degradation 517:527 arg1 UPLC-HRMS 540:548 UPLC-HRMS 540:548 UPLC-HRMS 540:548 Proteomic data were further complemented by microscopic (SEM) and spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) evaluation of the colonised substrate and by targeted analysis of lignin degradation compounds (UPLC-HRMS). 24316358 4 105 theme degradation 517:527 arg1 compounds 529:537 lignin degradation compounds 510:537 lignin degradation compounds (UPLC-HRMS) 510:549 Proteomic data were further complemented by microscopic (SEM) and spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) evaluation of the colonised substrate and by targeted analysis of lignin degradation compounds (UPLC-HRMS). 24316358 6 106 theme few 815:817 arg1 enzymes 844:850 few polysaccharide degrading enzymes 815:850 few polysaccharide degrading enzymes (β-glucosidases and endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase) 815:898 The degradation of polysaccharides was suggested by the identification of few polysaccharide degrading enzymes (β-glucosidases and endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase). 24316358 6 106 theme few 815:817 arg1 endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase 872:897 endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase 872:897 endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase 872:897 The degradation of polysaccharides was suggested by the identification of few polysaccharide degrading enzymes (β-glucosidases and endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase). 24316358 6 106 theme few 815:817 arg1 β-glucosidases 853:866 β-glucosidases 853:866 β-glucosidases 853:866 The degradation of polysaccharides was suggested by the identification of few polysaccharide degrading enzymes (β-glucosidases and endo-1,5-α-l-arabinosidase). 24316358 14 107 theme obtained 1998:2005 arg1 data 2007:2010 The obtained data 1994:2010 The obtained data 1994:2010 The obtained data demonstrate that this fungus has superficially attacked the cork cell walls apparently by using both enzymatic and Fenton-like reactions. 24316358 7 108 theme Lignin 901:906 arg1 degradation 908:918 Lignin degradation 901:918 Lignin degradation 901:918 Lignin degradation, which likely evolved throughout a Fenton-like mechanism relying on the activity of alcohol oxidases, was supported by the identification of small aromatic compounds (e.g. cinnamic acid and veratrylaldehyde) and of several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products. 24316358 1 109 theme high 206:209 arg1 recalcitrance 211:223 high recalcitrance 206:223 high recalcitrance 206:223 Cork, the outer bark of Quercus suber, shows a unique compositional structure, a set of remarkable properties, including high recalcitrance. 24316358 7 110 theme degradation 1181:1191 arg1 products 1193:1200 several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products 1135:1200 several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products 1135:1200 Lignin degradation, which likely evolved throughout a Fenton-like mechanism relying on the activity of alcohol oxidases, was supported by the identification of small aromatic compounds (e.g. cinnamic acid and veratrylaldehyde) and of several putative high molecular weight lignin degradation products. 24879344 3 0 theme Strain 277:282 arg1 T 290:290 T 290:290 T 290:290 Strain X10-1(T) was determined to be a Gram-positive aerobe with rod-shaped cells. 24879344 3 0 theme Strain 277:282 arg1 aerobe 330:335 a Gram-positive aerobe 314:335 a Gram-positive aerobe with rod-shaped cells 314:357 Strain X10-1(T) was determined to be a Gram-positive aerobe with rod-shaped cells. 24879344 3 0 theme Strain 277:282 arg1 X10-1 284:288 Strain X10-1 277:288 Strain X10-1(T) 277:291 Strain X10-1(T) was determined to be a Gram-positive aerobe with rod-shaped cells. 24879344 4 1 theme growth 440:445 arg1 capable 429:435 capable 429:435 capable 429:435 The isolate was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, and capable of growth at salinities of 0-16% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3%). 24879344 8 2 theme diagnostic 813:822 arg1 acid 832:835 the diagnostic diamino acid 809:835 the diagnostic diamino acid 809:835 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24879344 8 2 theme diagnostic 813:822 arg1 acid 801:804 meso-diaminopimelic acid 781:804 meso-diaminopimelic acid 781:804 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24879344 12 3 theme daqingensis 1417:1427 arg1 sp 1429:1430 Bacillus daqingensis sp 1408:1430 the name Bacillus daqingensis sp 1399:1430 On the basis of the phylogenetic, physiological, and biochemical data, strain X10-1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus daqingensis sp. 24879344 14 4 theme type 1455:1458 arg1 X10-1 1470:1474 X10-1 1470:1474 X10-1(T) (=NBRC 109404(T) = CGMCC 1.12295(T)) 1470:1514 The type strain is X10-1(T) (=NBRC 109404(T) = CGMCC 1.12295(T)). 24879344 14 4 theme type 1455:1458 arg1 strain 1460:1465 The type strain 1451:1465 The type strain 1451:1465 The type strain is X10-1(T) (=NBRC 109404(T) = CGMCC 1.12295(T)). 24879344 7 5 theme fatty 651:655 arg1 profile 662:668 its cellular fatty acid profile 638:668 its cellular fatty acid profile 638:668 Its major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and its cellular fatty acid profile mainly consisted of anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C15:0, C16:0, and iso-C16:0. 24879344 4 6 from salinities 450:459 arg1 catalase-positive 376:392 catalase-positive 376:392 catalase-positive 376:392 The isolate was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, and capable of growth at salinities of 0-16% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3%). 24879344 4 6 from salinities 450:459 arg1 isolate 364:370 The isolate 360:370 The isolate 360:370 The isolate was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, and capable of growth at salinities of 0-16% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3%). 24879344 12 7 dep data 1317:1320 arg1 basis 1259:1263 basis 1259:1263 basis 1259:1263 On the basis of the phylogenetic, physiological, and biochemical data, strain X10-1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus daqingensis sp. 24879344 12 7 dep data 1317:1320 arg1 the 1255:1257 the 1255:1257 the 1255:1257 On the basis of the phylogenetic, physiological, and biochemical data, strain X10-1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus daqingensis sp. 24879344 14 8 theme CGMCC 1498:1502 arg1 X10-1 1470:1474 X10-1 1470:1474 X10-1(T) (=NBRC 109404(T) = CGMCC 1.12295(T)) 1470:1514 The type strain is X10-1(T) (=NBRC 109404(T) = CGMCC 1.12295(T)). 24879344 14 8 theme CGMCC 1498:1502 arg1 T 1512:1512 T 1512:1512 T 1512:1512 The type strain is X10-1(T) (=NBRC 109404(T) = CGMCC 1.12295(T)). 24879344 14 8 theme CGMCC 1498:1502 arg1 1.12295 1504:1510 =NBRC 109404(T) = CGMCC 1.12295 1480:1510 =NBRC 109404(T) = CGMCC 1.12295(T) 1480:1513 The type strain is X10-1(T) (=NBRC 109404(T) = CGMCC 1.12295(T)). 24879344 4 9 dep optimum 482:488 arg1 % 492:492 3% 491:492 3% 491:492 The isolate was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, and capable of growth at salinities of 0-16% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3%). 24879344 5 10 theme pH 500:501 arg1 7.5-11.0 524:531 7.5-11.0 524:531 7.5-11.0 524:531 The pH range for growth was 7.5-11.0 (optimum, pH 10.0). 24879344 5 10 theme pH 500:501 arg1 range 503:507 The pH range 496:507 The pH range for growth 496:518 The pH range for growth was 7.5-11.0 (optimum, pH 10.0). 24879344 10 11 theme B. 1138:1139 arg1 T 1164:1164 T 1164:1164 T 1164:1164 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that X10-1(T) is a member of the genus Bacillus, being most closely related to B. saliphilus DSM15402(T) (97.8% similarity) and B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (96.2%). 24879344 10 11 theme B. 1138:1139 arg1 8721 1159:1162 B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721 1138:1162 B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (96.2%) 1138:1173 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that X10-1(T) is a member of the genus Bacillus, being most closely related to B. saliphilus DSM15402(T) (97.8% similarity) and B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (96.2%). 24879344 10 11 theme B. 1138:1139 arg1 % 1172:1172 96.2% 1168:1172 96.2% 1168:1172 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that X10-1(T) is a member of the genus Bacillus, being most closely related to B. saliphilus DSM15402(T) (97.8% similarity) and B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (96.2%). 24879344 10 12 theme 97.8 1116:1119 arg1 % 1120:1120 % 1120:1120 % 1120:1120 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that X10-1(T) is a member of the genus Bacillus, being most closely related to B. saliphilus DSM15402(T) (97.8% similarity) and B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (96.2%). 24879344 12 13 theme Bacillus 1379:1386 arg1 species 1358:1364 a novel species 1350:1364 a novel species 1350:1364 On the basis of the phylogenetic, physiological, and biochemical data, strain X10-1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus daqingensis sp. 24879344 2 14 theme Daqing 239:244 arg1 China 270:274 China 270:274 China 270:274 An alkaliphilic, moderately halophilic, bacterium, designated strain X10-1(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China. 24879344 2 14 theme Daqing 239:244 arg1 Province 260:267 Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 239:267 Province 260:267 An alkaliphilic, moderately halophilic, bacterium, designated strain X10-1(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China. 24879344 6 15 theme G+C 569:571 arg1 % 593:593 47.7 mol% 585:593 47.7 mol% 585:593 The genomic DNA G+C content was 47.7 mol%. 24879344 6 15 theme G+C 569:571 arg1 content 573:579 The genomic DNA G+C content 553:579 The genomic DNA G+C content 553:579 The genomic DNA G+C content was 47.7 mol%. 24879344 11 16 theme type 1203:1206 arg1 strains 1208:1214 the type strains 1199:1214 the type strains of these species 1199:1231 DNA-DNA relatedness to the type strains of these species was less than 40%. 24879344 2 17 theme alkaliphilic 121:132 arg1 bacterium 158:166 An alkaliphilic, moderately halophilic, bacterium 118:166 An alkaliphilic, moderately halophilic, bacterium 118:166 An alkaliphilic, moderately halophilic, bacterium, designated strain X10-1(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China. 24879344 10 18 dep B. 1089:1090 arg1 saliphilus 1092:1101 saliphilus 1092:1101 saliphilus 1092:1101 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that X10-1(T) is a member of the genus Bacillus, being most closely related to B. saliphilus DSM15402(T) (97.8% similarity) and B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (96.2%). 24879344 10 19 theme Bacillus 1049:1056 arg1 X10-1 1015:1019 X10-1 1015:1019 X10-1(T) 1015:1022 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that X10-1(T) is a member of the genus Bacillus, being most closely related to B. saliphilus DSM15402(T) (97.8% similarity) and B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (96.2%). 24879344 10 19 theme Bacillus 1049:1056 arg1 member 1029:1034 a member 1027:1034 a member of the genus Bacillus 1027:1056 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that X10-1(T) is a member of the genus Bacillus, being most closely related to B. saliphilus DSM15402(T) (97.8% similarity) and B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (96.2%). 24879344 6 20 theme DNA 565:567 arg1 % 593:593 47.7 mol% 585:593 47.7 mol% 585:593 The genomic DNA G+C content was 47.7 mol%. 24879344 6 20 theme DNA 565:567 arg1 content 573:579 The genomic DNA G+C content 553:579 The genomic DNA G+C content 553:579 The genomic DNA G+C content was 47.7 mol%. 24879344 0 21 theme daqingensis 9:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Bacillus daqingensis sp 0:22 Bacillus daqingensis sp. 0:23 Bacillus daqingensis sp. 24879344 10 22 theme gene 988:991 arg1 sequences 993:1001 16S rRNA gene sequences 979:1001 16S rRNA gene sequences 979:1001 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that X10-1(T) is a member of the genus Bacillus, being most closely related to B. saliphilus DSM15402(T) (97.8% similarity) and B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (96.2%). 24879344 2 23 dep alkaliphilic 121:132 arg1 halophilic 146:155 halophilic 146:155 halophilic 146:155 An alkaliphilic, moderately halophilic, bacterium, designated strain X10-1(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China. 24879344 6 24 theme genomic 557:563 arg1 % 593:593 47.7 mol% 585:593 47.7 mol% 585:593 The genomic DNA G+C content was 47.7 mol%. 24879344 6 24 theme genomic 557:563 arg1 content 573:579 The genomic DNA G+C content 553:579 The genomic DNA G+C content 553:579 The genomic DNA G+C content was 47.7 mol%. 24879344 0 25 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 21:22 Bacillus daqingensis sp 0:22 Bacillus daqingensis sp. 0:23 Bacillus daqingensis sp. 24879344 4 26 theme NaCl 476:479 arg1 salinities 450:459 salinities 450:459 salinities of 0-16% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3%) 450:493 The isolate was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, and capable of growth at salinities of 0-16% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3%). 24879344 1 27 theme saline-sodic 82:93 arg1 soil 95:98 saline-sodic soil 82:98 saline-sodic soil in Daqing, China 82:115 nov., a halophilic, alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from saline-sodic soil in Daqing, China. 24879344 10 28 theme DSM 1155:1157 arg1 T 1164:1164 T 1164:1164 T 1164:1164 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that X10-1(T) is a member of the genus Bacillus, being most closely related to B. saliphilus DSM15402(T) (97.8% similarity) and B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (96.2%). 24879344 10 28 theme DSM 1155:1157 arg1 8721 1159:1162 B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721 1138:1162 B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (96.2%) 1138:1173 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that X10-1(T) is a member of the genus Bacillus, being most closely related to B. saliphilus DSM15402(T) (97.8% similarity) and B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (96.2%). 24879344 10 28 theme DSM 1155:1157 arg1 % 1172:1172 96.2% 1168:1172 96.2% 1168:1172 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that X10-1(T) is a member of the genus Bacillus, being most closely related to B. saliphilus DSM15402(T) (97.8% similarity) and B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (96.2%). 24879344 7 29 theme acid 657:660 arg1 profile 662:668 its cellular fatty acid profile 638:668 its cellular fatty acid profile 638:668 Its major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and its cellular fatty acid profile mainly consisted of anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C15:0, C16:0, and iso-C16:0. 24879344 12 30 theme strain 1323:1328 arg1 T 1336:1336 T 1336:1336 T 1336:1336 On the basis of the phylogenetic, physiological, and biochemical data, strain X10-1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus daqingensis sp. 24879344 12 30 theme strain 1323:1328 arg1 X10-1 1330:1334 strain X10-1 1323:1334 strain X10-1(T) 1323:1337 On the basis of the phylogenetic, physiological, and biochemical data, strain X10-1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus daqingensis sp. 24879344 9 31 theme predominant 842:852 arg1 lipids 860:865 The predominant polar lipids 838:865 The predominant polar lipids 838:865 The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol. 24879344 9 31 theme predominant 842:852 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 872:893 diphosphatidylglycerol 872:893 diphosphatidylglycerol 872:893 The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol. 24879344 14 32 theme = 1496:1496 arg1 X10-1 1470:1474 X10-1 1470:1474 X10-1(T) (=NBRC 109404(T) = CGMCC 1.12295(T)) 1470:1514 The type strain is X10-1(T) (=NBRC 109404(T) = CGMCC 1.12295(T)). 24879344 14 32 theme = 1496:1496 arg1 T 1512:1512 T 1512:1512 T 1512:1512 The type strain is X10-1(T) (=NBRC 109404(T) = CGMCC 1.12295(T)). 24879344 14 32 theme = 1496:1496 arg1 1.12295 1504:1510 =NBRC 109404(T) = CGMCC 1.12295 1480:1510 =NBRC 109404(T) = CGMCC 1.12295(T) 1480:1513 The type strain is X10-1(T) (=NBRC 109404(T) = CGMCC 1.12295(T)). 24879344 12 33 theme phylogenetic 1272:1283 arg1 data 1317:1320 the phylogenetic, physiological, and biochemical data 1268:1320 the phylogenetic, physiological, and biochemical data 1268:1320 On the basis of the phylogenetic, physiological, and biochemical data, strain X10-1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus daqingensis sp. 24879344 3 34 with aerobe 330:335 arg1 cells 353:357 rod-shaped cells 342:357 rod-shaped cells 342:357 Strain X10-1(T) was determined to be a Gram-positive aerobe with rod-shaped cells. 24879344 2 35 from soil 231:234 arg1 China 270:274 China 270:274 China 270:274 An alkaliphilic, moderately halophilic, bacterium, designated strain X10-1(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China. 24879344 2 35 from soil 231:234 arg1 Province 260:267 Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 239:267 Province 260:267 An alkaliphilic, moderately halophilic, bacterium, designated strain X10-1(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China. 24879344 1 36 dep halophilic 33:42 arg1 alkaliphilic 45:56 alkaliphilic 45:56 alkaliphilic 45:56 nov., a halophilic, alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from saline-sodic soil in Daqing, China. 24879344 9 37 theme polar 854:858 arg1 lipids 860:865 The predominant polar lipids 838:865 The predominant polar lipids 838:865 The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol. 24879344 9 37 theme polar 854:858 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 872:893 diphosphatidylglycerol 872:893 diphosphatidylglycerol 872:893 The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol. 24879344 7 38 theme cellular 642:649 arg1 profile 662:668 its cellular fatty acid profile 638:668 its cellular fatty acid profile 638:668 Its major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and its cellular fatty acid profile mainly consisted of anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C15:0, C16:0, and iso-C16:0. 24879344 5 39 dep 7.5-11.0 524:531 arg1 optimum 534:540 optimum 534:540 optimum 534:540 The pH range for growth was 7.5-11.0 (optimum, pH 10.0). 24879344 5 39 dep 7.5-11.0 524:531 arg1 pH 543:544 pH 10.0 543:549 pH 10.0 543:549 The pH range for growth was 7.5-11.0 (optimum, pH 10.0). 24879344 4 40 theme % 468:468 arg1 NaCl 476:479 0-16% (w/v) NaCl 464:479 0-16% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3%) 464:493 The isolate was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, and capable of growth at salinities of 0-16% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3%). 24879344 4 40 theme % 468:468 arg1 optimum 482:488 optimum 482:488 optimum 482:488 The isolate was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, and capable of growth at salinities of 0-16% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3%). 24879344 12 41 theme physiological 1286:1298 arg1 data 1317:1320 the phylogenetic, physiological, and biochemical data 1268:1320 the phylogenetic, physiological, and biochemical data 1268:1320 On the basis of the phylogenetic, physiological, and biochemical data, strain X10-1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus daqingensis sp. 24879344 10 42 dep B. 1138:1139 arg1 agaradhaerens 1141:1153 agaradhaerens 1141:1153 agaradhaerens 1141:1153 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that X10-1(T) is a member of the genus Bacillus, being most closely related to B. saliphilus DSM15402(T) (97.8% similarity) and B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (96.2%). 24879344 10 43 theme % 1120:1120 arg1 similarity 1122:1131 97.8% similarity 1116:1131 97.8% similarity 1116:1131 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that X10-1(T) is a member of the genus Bacillus, being most closely related to B. saliphilus DSM15402(T) (97.8% similarity) and B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (96.2%). 24879344 10 43 theme % 1120:1120 arg1 DSM15402 1103:1110 B. saliphilus DSM15402 1089:1110 B. saliphilus DSM15402(T) (97.8% similarity) 1089:1132 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that X10-1(T) is a member of the genus Bacillus, being most closely related to B. saliphilus DSM15402(T) (97.8% similarity) and B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (96.2%). 24879344 12 44 theme novel 1352:1356 arg1 species 1358:1364 a novel species 1350:1364 a novel species 1350:1364 On the basis of the phylogenetic, physiological, and biochemical data, strain X10-1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus daqingensis sp. 24879344 3 45 theme rod-shaped 342:351 arg1 cells 353:357 rod-shaped cells 342:357 rod-shaped cells 342:357 Strain X10-1(T) was determined to be a Gram-positive aerobe with rod-shaped cells. 24879344 4 46 theme w/v 471:473 arg1 NaCl 476:479 0-16% (w/v) NaCl 464:479 0-16% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3%) 464:493 The isolate was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, and capable of growth at salinities of 0-16% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3%). 24879344 4 46 theme w/v 471:473 arg1 optimum 482:488 optimum 482:488 optimum 482:488 The isolate was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, and capable of growth at salinities of 0-16% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3%). 24879344 11 47 theme species 1225:1231 arg1 strains 1208:1214 the type strains 1199:1214 the type strains of these species 1199:1231 DNA-DNA relatedness to the type strains of these species was less than 40%. 24879344 2 48 dep Province 260:267 arg1 Heilongjiang 247:258 Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 239:267 Heilongjiang 247:258 An alkaliphilic, moderately halophilic, bacterium, designated strain X10-1(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China. 24879344 1 49 from soil 95:98 arg1 China 111:115 China 111:115 China 111:115 nov., a halophilic, alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from saline-sodic soil in Daqing, China. 24879344 8 50 contain contained 771:779 arg2 acid 832:835 the diagnostic diamino acid 809:835 the diagnostic diamino acid 809:835 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24879344 8 50 contain contained 771:779 arg1 peptidoglycan 757:769 The peptidoglycan 753:769 The peptidoglycan 753:769 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24879344 8 50 contain contained 771:779 arg2 acid 801:804 meso-diaminopimelic acid 781:804 meso-diaminopimelic acid 781:804 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24879344 10 51 theme Phylogenetic 948:959 arg1 analysis 961:968 Phylogenetic analysis 948:968 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 948:1001 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that X10-1(T) is a member of the genus Bacillus, being most closely related to B. saliphilus DSM15402(T) (97.8% similarity) and B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (96.2%). 24879344 8 52 theme meso-diaminopimelic 781:799 arg1 acid 832:835 the diagnostic diamino acid 809:835 the diagnostic diamino acid 809:835 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24879344 8 52 theme meso-diaminopimelic 781:799 arg1 acid 801:804 meso-diaminopimelic acid 781:804 meso-diaminopimelic acid 781:804 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24879344 11 53 theme DNA-DNA 1176:1182 arg1 relatedness 1184:1194 DNA-DNA relatedness 1176:1194 DNA-DNA relatedness to the type strains of these species 1176:1231 DNA-DNA relatedness to the type strains of these species was less than 40%. 24879344 7 54 theme major 600:604 arg1 quinone 617:623 Its major isoprenoid quinone 596:623 Its major isoprenoid quinone 596:623 Its major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and its cellular fatty acid profile mainly consisted of anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C15:0, C16:0, and iso-C16:0. 24879344 12 55 theme Bacillus 1408:1415 arg1 sp 1429:1430 Bacillus daqingensis sp 1408:1430 the name Bacillus daqingensis sp 1399:1430 On the basis of the phylogenetic, physiological, and biochemical data, strain X10-1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus daqingensis sp. 24879344 2 56 theme strain 180:185 arg1 T 193:193 T 193:193 T 193:193 An alkaliphilic, moderately halophilic, bacterium, designated strain X10-1(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China. 24879344 2 56 theme strain 180:185 arg1 X10-1 187:191 strain X10-1 180:191 strain X10-1(T) 180:194 An alkaliphilic, moderately halophilic, bacterium, designated strain X10-1(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China. 24879344 2 57 theme saline-alkaline 215:229 arg1 soil 231:234 saline-alkaline soil 215:234 saline-alkaline soil in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China 215:274 An alkaliphilic, moderately halophilic, bacterium, designated strain X10-1(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China. 24879344 10 58 theme 16S 979:981 arg1 sequences 993:1001 16S rRNA gene sequences 979:1001 16S rRNA gene sequences 979:1001 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that X10-1(T) is a member of the genus Bacillus, being most closely related to B. saliphilus DSM15402(T) (97.8% similarity) and B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (96.2%). 24879344 10 59 theme B. 1089:1090 arg1 similarity 1122:1131 97.8% similarity 1116:1131 97.8% similarity 1116:1131 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that X10-1(T) is a member of the genus Bacillus, being most closely related to B. saliphilus DSM15402(T) (97.8% similarity) and B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (96.2%). 24879344 10 59 theme B. 1089:1090 arg1 T 1112:1112 T 1112:1112 T 1112:1112 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that X10-1(T) is a member of the genus Bacillus, being most closely related to B. saliphilus DSM15402(T) (97.8% similarity) and B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (96.2%). 24879344 10 59 theme B. 1089:1090 arg1 DSM15402 1103:1110 B. saliphilus DSM15402 1089:1110 B. saliphilus DSM15402(T) (97.8% similarity) 1089:1132 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that X10-1(T) is a member of the genus Bacillus, being most closely related to B. saliphilus DSM15402(T) (97.8% similarity) and B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (96.2%). 24879344 7 60 theme isoprenoid 606:615 arg1 quinone 617:623 Its major isoprenoid quinone 596:623 Its major isoprenoid quinone 596:623 Its major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and its cellular fatty acid profile mainly consisted of anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C15:0, C16:0, and iso-C16:0. 24879344 12 61 dep name 1403:1406 arg1 sp 1429:1430 Bacillus daqingensis sp 1408:1430 the name Bacillus daqingensis sp 1399:1430 On the basis of the phylogenetic, physiological, and biochemical data, strain X10-1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus daqingensis sp. 24879344 12 62 theme biochemical 1305:1315 arg1 data 1317:1320 the phylogenetic, physiological, and biochemical data 1268:1320 the phylogenetic, physiological, and biochemical data 1268:1320 On the basis of the phylogenetic, physiological, and biochemical data, strain X10-1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus daqingensis sp. 24879344 6 63 theme mol 590:592 arg1 % 593:593 47.7 mol% 585:593 47.7 mol% 585:593 The genomic DNA G+C content was 47.7 mol%. 24879344 6 63 theme mol 590:592 arg1 content 573:579 The genomic DNA G+C content 553:579 The genomic DNA G+C content 553:579 The genomic DNA G+C content was 47.7 mol%. 24879344 2 64 attach isolated 201:208 arg1 soil 231:234 saline-alkaline soil 215:234 saline-alkaline soil in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China 215:274 An alkaliphilic, moderately halophilic, bacterium, designated strain X10-1(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China. 24879344 2 64 attach isolated 201:208 arg2 bacterium 158:166 An alkaliphilic, moderately halophilic, bacterium 118:166 An alkaliphilic, moderately halophilic, bacterium 118:166 An alkaliphilic, moderately halophilic, bacterium, designated strain X10-1(T), was isolated from saline-alkaline soil in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China. 24879344 10 65 theme rRNA 983:986 arg1 sequences 993:1001 16S rRNA gene sequences 979:1001 16S rRNA gene sequences 979:1001 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that X10-1(T) is a member of the genus Bacillus, being most closely related to B. saliphilus DSM15402(T) (97.8% similarity) and B. agaradhaerens DSM 8721(T) (96.2%). 24879344 1 66 theme halophilic 33:42 arg1 bacterium 58:66 a halophilic, alkaliphilic bacterium 31:66 a halophilic, alkaliphilic bacterium 31:66 nov., a halophilic, alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from saline-sodic soil in Daqing, China. 24879344 1 66 theme halophilic 33:42 arg1 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov., a halophilic, alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from saline-sodic soil in Daqing, China. 24879344 8 67 theme diamino 824:830 arg1 acid 832:835 the diagnostic diamino acid 809:835 the diagnostic diamino acid 809:835 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24879344 8 67 theme diamino 824:830 arg1 acid 801:804 meso-diaminopimelic acid 781:804 meso-diaminopimelic acid 781:804 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 24879344 3 68 theme Gram-positive 316:328 arg1 aerobe 330:335 a Gram-positive aerobe 314:335 a Gram-positive aerobe with rod-shaped cells 314:357 Strain X10-1(T) was determined to be a Gram-positive aerobe with rod-shaped cells. 24879344 3 68 theme Gram-positive 316:328 arg1 X10-1 284:288 Strain X10-1 277:288 Strain X10-1(T) 277:291 Strain X10-1(T) was determined to be a Gram-positive aerobe with rod-shaped cells. 26102354 3 0 theme spinal 316:321 arg1 cord 323:326 the isolated spinal cord 303:326 the isolated spinal cord 303:326 We found that a 30 minute application of Fluoro-Gold to the isolated spinal cord labeled neurons under control conditions and in the presence of glutamatergic agonists including NMDA and AMPA. 26102354 5 1 from neurons 619:625 arg1 recordings 596:605 Whole cell recordings 585:605 Whole cell recordings from spinal neurons exposed to extracellular AMPA 585:655 Whole cell recordings from spinal neurons exposed to extracellular AMPA revealed large inward currents that spontaneously decayed in the presence of the agonist but were maintained when a dynamin inhibitory peptide was included in the electrode. 26102354 4 2 theme endocytic 523:531 arg1 peptide 576:582 dynamin inhibitory peptide 557:582 dynamin inhibitory peptide 557:582 The labeling was abolished or greatly reduced by glutamatergic antagonists and the endocytic inhibitors Dynasore and dynamin inhibitory peptide. 26102354 4 2 theme endocytic 523:531 arg1 inhibitors 533:542 the endocytic inhibitors 519:542 the endocytic inhibitors Dynasore and dynamin inhibitory peptide 519:582 The labeling was abolished or greatly reduced by glutamatergic antagonists and the endocytic inhibitors Dynasore and dynamin inhibitory peptide. 26102354 4 2 theme endocytic 523:531 arg1 Dynasore 544:551 Dynasore 544:551 Dynasore 544:551 The labeling was abolished or greatly reduced by glutamatergic antagonists and the endocytic inhibitors Dynasore and dynamin inhibitory peptide. 26102354 8 3 theme Fluoro-Gold 1222:1232 arg1 endocytosis 1207:1217 endocytosis 1207:1217 endocytosis of Fluoro-Gold 1207:1232 Our findings suggest that endocytosis of Fluoro-Gold could potentially complicate the interpretation of experiments in which the tracer is used to label neurons retrogradely. 26102354 4 4 dep inhibitors 533:542 arg1 peptide 576:582 dynamin inhibitory peptide 557:582 dynamin inhibitory peptide 557:582 The labeling was abolished or greatly reduced by glutamatergic antagonists and the endocytic inhibitors Dynasore and dynamin inhibitory peptide. 26102354 4 4 dep inhibitors 533:542 arg1 inhibitors 533:542 the endocytic inhibitors 519:542 the endocytic inhibitors Dynasore and dynamin inhibitory peptide 519:582 The labeling was abolished or greatly reduced by glutamatergic antagonists and the endocytic inhibitors Dynasore and dynamin inhibitory peptide. 26102354 4 4 dep inhibitors 533:542 arg1 Dynasore 544:551 Dynasore 544:551 Dynasore 544:551 The labeling was abolished or greatly reduced by glutamatergic antagonists and the endocytic inhibitors Dynasore and dynamin inhibitory peptide. 26102354 7 5 theme locomotor 1161:1169 arg1 cocktail 1171:1178 the locomotor cocktail 1157:1178 the locomotor cocktail 1157:1178 Drugs used to induce locomotor-like activity in the spinal cord also increased and decreased Fluoro-Gold labeling in a drug and lamina specific manner, indicating that AMPAR endocytosis is altered in the presence of the locomotor cocktail. 26102354 7 6 theme Fluoro-Gold 1034:1044 arg1 labeling 1046:1053 Fluoro-Gold labeling 1034:1053 Fluoro-Gold labeling 1034:1053 Drugs used to induce locomotor-like activity in the spinal cord also increased and decreased Fluoro-Gold labeling in a drug and lamina specific manner, indicating that AMPAR endocytosis is altered in the presence of the locomotor cocktail. 26102354 8 7 used used 1320:1323 arg2 tracer 1310:1315 the tracer 1306:1315 the tracer 1306:1315 Our findings suggest that endocytosis of Fluoro-Gold could potentially complicate the interpretation of experiments in which the tracer is used to label neurons retrogradely. 26102354 9 8 theme AMPA 1489:1492 arg1 receptors 1494:1502 AMPA receptors 1489:1502 AMPA receptors 1489:1502 Moreover, they also demonstrate that many drugs, including the locomotor cocktail, can modulate the number and/or the composition of AMPA receptors on spinal neurons and thereby affect network excitability. 26102354 7 9 theme cocktail 1171:1178 arg1 presence 1145:1152 the presence 1141:1152 the presence of the locomotor cocktail 1141:1178 Drugs used to induce locomotor-like activity in the spinal cord also increased and decreased Fluoro-Gold labeling in a drug and lamina specific manner, indicating that AMPAR endocytosis is altered in the presence of the locomotor cocktail. 26102354 9 10 theme receptors 1494:1502 arg1 composition 1474:1484 the composition 1470:1484 the composition of AMPA receptors 1470:1502 Moreover, they also demonstrate that many drugs, including the locomotor cocktail, can modulate the number and/or the composition of AMPA receptors on spinal neurons and thereby affect network excitability. 26102354 9 11 dep modulate 1443:1450 arg1 affect 1534:1539 affect 1534:1539 affect network excitability 1534:1560 Moreover, they also demonstrate that many drugs, including the locomotor cocktail, can modulate the number and/or the composition of AMPA receptors on spinal neurons and thereby affect network excitability. 26102354 5 12 theme extracellular 638:650 arg1 AMPA 652:655 extracellular AMPA 638:655 extracellular AMPA 638:655 Whole cell recordings from spinal neurons exposed to extracellular AMPA revealed large inward currents that spontaneously decayed in the presence of the agonist but were maintained when a dynamin inhibitory peptide was included in the electrode. 26102354 1 13 theme fluorescent 76:86 arg1 Fluoro-Gold 95:105 The fluorescent tracer Fluoro-Gold 72:105 The fluorescent tracer Fluoro-Gold 72:105 The fluorescent tracer Fluoro-Gold has been widely used to label neurons retrogradely. 26102354 3 14 theme control 350:356 arg1 conditions 358:367 control conditions 350:367 control conditions 350:367 We found that a 30 minute application of Fluoro-Gold to the isolated spinal cord labeled neurons under control conditions and in the presence of glutamatergic agonists including NMDA and AMPA. 26102354 4 15 theme glutamatergic 489:501 arg1 antagonists 503:513 glutamatergic antagonists 489:513 glutamatergic antagonists 489:513 The labeling was abolished or greatly reduced by glutamatergic antagonists and the endocytic inhibitors Dynasore and dynamin inhibitory peptide. 26102354 5 16 theme cell 591:594 arg1 recordings 596:605 Whole cell recordings 585:605 Whole cell recordings from spinal neurons exposed to extracellular AMPA 585:655 Whole cell recordings from spinal neurons exposed to extracellular AMPA revealed large inward currents that spontaneously decayed in the presence of the agonist but were maintained when a dynamin inhibitory peptide was included in the electrode. 26102354 1 17 theme tracer 88:93 arg1 Fluoro-Gold 95:105 The fluorescent tracer Fluoro-Gold 72:105 The fluorescent tracer Fluoro-Gold 72:105 The fluorescent tracer Fluoro-Gold has been widely used to label neurons retrogradely. 26102354 9 18 theme spinal 1507:1512 arg1 neurons 1514:1520 spinal neurons 1507:1520 spinal neurons 1507:1520 Moreover, they also demonstrate that many drugs, including the locomotor cocktail, can modulate the number and/or the composition of AMPA receptors on spinal neurons and thereby affect network excitability. 26102354 5 19 theme large 666:670 arg1 currents 679:686 large inward currents 666:686 large inward currents that spontaneously decayed in the presence of the agonist but were maintained when a dynamin inhibitory peptide was included in the electrode 666:828 Whole cell recordings from spinal neurons exposed to extracellular AMPA revealed large inward currents that spontaneously decayed in the presence of the agonist but were maintained when a dynamin inhibitory peptide was included in the electrode. 26102354 7 20 theme AMPAR 1109:1113 arg1 endocytosis 1115:1125 AMPAR endocytosis 1109:1125 AMPAR endocytosis 1109:1125 Drugs used to induce locomotor-like activity in the spinal cord also increased and decreased Fluoro-Gold labeling in a drug and lamina specific manner, indicating that AMPAR endocytosis is altered in the presence of the locomotor cocktail. 26102354 0 21 theme Pharmacological 0:14 arg1 Investigation 16:28 Pharmacological Investigation 0:28 Pharmacological Investigation of Fluoro-Gold Entry into Spinal Neurons 0:69 Pharmacological Investigation of Fluoro-Gold Entry into Spinal Neurons. 26102354 5 22 theme inward 672:677 arg1 currents 679:686 large inward currents 666:686 large inward currents that spontaneously decayed in the presence of the agonist but were maintained when a dynamin inhibitory peptide was included in the electrode 666:828 Whole cell recordings from spinal neurons exposed to extracellular AMPA revealed large inward currents that spontaneously decayed in the presence of the agonist but were maintained when a dynamin inhibitory peptide was included in the electrode. 26102354 0 23 theme Spinal 56:61 arg1 Neurons 63:69 Spinal Neurons 56:69 Spinal Neurons 56:69 Pharmacological Investigation of Fluoro-Gold Entry into Spinal Neurons. 26102354 0 24 theme Fluoro-Gold 33:43 arg1 Entry 45:49 Fluoro-Gold Entry 33:49 Fluoro-Gold Entry 33:49 Pharmacological Investigation of Fluoro-Gold Entry into Spinal Neurons. 26102354 4 25 theme inhibitory 565:574 arg1 peptide 576:582 dynamin inhibitory peptide 557:582 dynamin inhibitory peptide 557:582 The labeling was abolished or greatly reduced by glutamatergic antagonists and the endocytic inhibitors Dynasore and dynamin inhibitory peptide. 26102354 4 25 theme inhibitory 565:574 arg1 inhibitors 533:542 the endocytic inhibitors 519:542 the endocytic inhibitors Dynasore and dynamin inhibitory peptide 519:582 The labeling was abolished or greatly reduced by glutamatergic antagonists and the endocytic inhibitors Dynasore and dynamin inhibitory peptide. 26102354 5 26 theme spinal 612:617 arg1 neurons 619:625 spinal neurons 612:625 spinal neurons exposed to extracellular AMPA 612:655 Whole cell recordings from spinal neurons exposed to extracellular AMPA revealed large inward currents that spontaneously decayed in the presence of the agonist but were maintained when a dynamin inhibitory peptide was included in the electrode. 26102354 5 27 theme agonist 738:744 arg1 presence 722:729 the presence 718:729 the presence of the agonist 718:744 Whole cell recordings from spinal neurons exposed to extracellular AMPA revealed large inward currents that spontaneously decayed in the presence of the agonist but were maintained when a dynamin inhibitory peptide was included in the electrode. 26102354 1 28 used used 123:126 arg2 Fluoro-Gold 95:105 The fluorescent tracer Fluoro-Gold 72:105 The fluorescent tracer Fluoro-Gold 72:105 The fluorescent tracer Fluoro-Gold has been widely used to label neurons retrogradely. 26102354 9 29 theme locomotor 1419:1427 arg1 cocktail 1429:1436 the locomotor cocktail 1415:1436 the locomotor cocktail 1415:1436 Moreover, they also demonstrate that many drugs, including the locomotor cocktail, can modulate the number and/or the composition of AMPA receptors on spinal neurons and thereby affect network excitability. 26102354 3 30 theme 30 263:264 arg1 minute 266:271 minute 266:271 minute 266:271 We found that a 30 minute application of Fluoro-Gold to the isolated spinal cord labeled neurons under control conditions and in the presence of glutamatergic agonists including NMDA and AMPA. 26102354 6 31 theme receptor 915:922 arg1 internalization 924:938 AMPA-mediated receptor internalization 901:938 AMPA-mediated receptor internalization 901:938 These findings suggest that Fluoro-Gold enters spinal neurons through AMPA-mediated receptor internalization. 26102354 9 32 theme network 1541:1547 arg1 excitability 1549:1560 network excitability 1541:1560 network excitability 1541:1560 Moreover, they also demonstrate that many drugs, including the locomotor cocktail, can modulate the number and/or the composition of AMPA receptors on spinal neurons and thereby affect network excitability. 26102354 0 33 theme Entry 45:49 arg1 Investigation 16:28 Pharmacological Investigation 0:28 Pharmacological Investigation of Fluoro-Gold Entry into Spinal Neurons 0:69 Pharmacological Investigation of Fluoro-Gold Entry into Spinal Neurons. 26102354 3 34 theme minute 266:271 arg1 application 273:283 a 30 minute application 261:283 a 30 minute application of Fluoro-Gold to the isolated spinal cord 261:326 We found that a 30 minute application of Fluoro-Gold to the isolated spinal cord labeled neurons under control conditions and in the presence of glutamatergic agonists including NMDA and AMPA. 26102354 6 35 theme AMPA-mediated 901:913 arg1 internalization 924:938 AMPA-mediated receptor internalization 901:938 AMPA-mediated receptor internalization 901:938 These findings suggest that Fluoro-Gold enters spinal neurons through AMPA-mediated receptor internalization. 26102354 7 36 theme specific 1076:1083 arg1 manner 1085:1090 a drug and lamina specific manner 1058:1090 manner 1085:1090 Drugs used to induce locomotor-like activity in the spinal cord also increased and decreased Fluoro-Gold labeling in a drug and lamina specific manner, indicating that AMPAR endocytosis is altered in the presence of the locomotor cocktail. 26102354 5 37 theme dynamin 773:779 arg1 peptide 792:798 a dynamin inhibitory peptide 771:798 a dynamin inhibitory peptide 771:798 Whole cell recordings from spinal neurons exposed to extracellular AMPA revealed large inward currents that spontaneously decayed in the presence of the agonist but were maintained when a dynamin inhibitory peptide was included in the electrode. 26102354 3 38 theme glutamatergic 392:404 arg1 agonists 406:413 glutamatergic agonists 392:413 glutamatergic agonists including NMDA and AMPA 392:437 We found that a 30 minute application of Fluoro-Gold to the isolated spinal cord labeled neurons under control conditions and in the presence of glutamatergic agonists including NMDA and AMPA. 26102354 3 38 theme glutamatergic 392:404 arg1 AMPA 434:437 AMPA 434:437 AMPA 434:437 We found that a 30 minute application of Fluoro-Gold to the isolated spinal cord labeled neurons under control conditions and in the presence of glutamatergic agonists including NMDA and AMPA. 26102354 3 38 theme glutamatergic 392:404 arg1 NMDA 425:428 NMDA 425:428 NMDA 425:428 We found that a 30 minute application of Fluoro-Gold to the isolated spinal cord labeled neurons under control conditions and in the presence of glutamatergic agonists including NMDA and AMPA. 26102354 8 39 theme experiments 1285:1295 arg1 interpretation 1267:1280 the interpretation 1263:1280 the interpretation of experiments in which the tracer is used to label neurons 1263:1340 Our findings suggest that endocytosis of Fluoro-Gold could potentially complicate the interpretation of experiments in which the tracer is used to label neurons retrogradely. 26102354 2 40 theme receptor 225:232 arg1 endocytosis 234:244 AMPA receptor endocytosis 220:244 AMPA receptor endocytosis 220:244 Here we show that Fluoro-Gold can also enter neurons through AMPA receptor endocytosis. 26102354 9 41 theme many 1393:1396 arg1 cocktail 1429:1436 the locomotor cocktail 1415:1436 the locomotor cocktail 1415:1436 Moreover, they also demonstrate that many drugs, including the locomotor cocktail, can modulate the number and/or the composition of AMPA receptors on spinal neurons and thereby affect network excitability. 26102354 9 41 theme many 1393:1396 arg1 drugs 1398:1402 many drugs 1393:1402 many drugs 1393:1402 Moreover, they also demonstrate that many drugs, including the locomotor cocktail, can modulate the number and/or the composition of AMPA receptors on spinal neurons and thereby affect network excitability. 26102354 3 42 theme agonists 406:413 arg1 presence 380:387 the presence 376:387 the presence of glutamatergic agonists including NMDA and AMPA 376:437 We found that a 30 minute application of Fluoro-Gold to the isolated spinal cord labeled neurons under control conditions and in the presence of glutamatergic agonists including NMDA and AMPA. 26102354 4 43 theme dynamin 557:563 arg1 peptide 576:582 dynamin inhibitory peptide 557:582 dynamin inhibitory peptide 557:582 The labeling was abolished or greatly reduced by glutamatergic antagonists and the endocytic inhibitors Dynasore and dynamin inhibitory peptide. 26102354 4 43 theme dynamin 557:563 arg1 inhibitors 533:542 the endocytic inhibitors 519:542 the endocytic inhibitors Dynasore and dynamin inhibitory peptide 519:582 The labeling was abolished or greatly reduced by glutamatergic antagonists and the endocytic inhibitors Dynasore and dynamin inhibitory peptide. 26102354 3 44 theme isolated 307:314 arg1 cord 323:326 the isolated spinal cord 303:326 the isolated spinal cord 303:326 We found that a 30 minute application of Fluoro-Gold to the isolated spinal cord labeled neurons under control conditions and in the presence of glutamatergic agonists including NMDA and AMPA. 26102354 2 45 theme AMPA 220:223 arg1 endocytosis 234:244 AMPA receptor endocytosis 220:244 AMPA receptor endocytosis 220:244 Here we show that Fluoro-Gold can also enter neurons through AMPA receptor endocytosis. 26102354 7 46 theme spinal 993:998 arg1 cord 1000:1003 the spinal cord 989:1003 the spinal cord 989:1003 Drugs used to induce locomotor-like activity in the spinal cord also increased and decreased Fluoro-Gold labeling in a drug and lamina specific manner, indicating that AMPAR endocytosis is altered in the presence of the locomotor cocktail. 26102354 3 47 theme Fluoro-Gold 288:298 arg1 application 273:283 a 30 minute application 261:283 a 30 minute application of Fluoro-Gold to the isolated spinal cord 261:326 We found that a 30 minute application of Fluoro-Gold to the isolated spinal cord labeled neurons under control conditions and in the presence of glutamatergic agonists including NMDA and AMPA. 26102354 6 48 theme spinal 878:883 arg1 neurons 885:891 spinal neurons 878:891 spinal neurons 878:891 These findings suggest that Fluoro-Gold enters spinal neurons through AMPA-mediated receptor internalization. 26102354 5 49 theme Whole 585:589 arg1 recordings 596:605 Whole cell recordings 585:605 Whole cell recordings from spinal neurons exposed to extracellular AMPA 585:655 Whole cell recordings from spinal neurons exposed to extracellular AMPA revealed large inward currents that spontaneously decayed in the presence of the agonist but were maintained when a dynamin inhibitory peptide was included in the electrode. 26102354 7 50 theme lamina 1069:1074 arg1 manner 1085:1090 a drug and lamina specific manner 1058:1090 manner 1085:1090 Drugs used to induce locomotor-like activity in the spinal cord also increased and decreased Fluoro-Gold labeling in a drug and lamina specific manner, indicating that AMPAR endocytosis is altered in the presence of the locomotor cocktail. 26102354 5 51 theme inhibitory 781:790 arg1 peptide 792:798 a dynamin inhibitory peptide 771:798 a dynamin inhibitory peptide 771:798 Whole cell recordings from spinal neurons exposed to extracellular AMPA revealed large inward currents that spontaneously decayed in the presence of the agonist but were maintained when a dynamin inhibitory peptide was included in the electrode. 26102354 7 52 theme locomotor-like 962:975 arg1 activity 977:984 locomotor-like activity 962:984 locomotor-like activity 962:984 Drugs used to induce locomotor-like activity in the spinal cord also increased and decreased Fluoro-Gold labeling in a drug and lamina specific manner, indicating that AMPAR endocytosis is altered in the presence of the locomotor cocktail. 26710715 4 0 from decrease 845:852 arg1 22:6- 857:861 22:6- 857:861 22:6- 857:861 Linoleic acid normalised total BMP in all regions except the cortex and cerebellum, although there were differences in fatty acid species; the major finding a decrease in 22:6- and a concomitant increase in 22:5-containing species. 26710715 4 0 from decrease 845:852 arg1 species 909:915 22:5-containing species 893:915 22:5-containing species 893:915 Linoleic acid normalised total BMP in all regions except the cortex and cerebellum, although there were differences in fatty acid species; the major finding a decrease in 22:6- and a concomitant increase in 22:5-containing species. 26710715 5 1 theme type 1006:1009 arg1 mice 1011:1014 both HS and wild type mice 989:1014 both HS and wild type mice 989:1014 A battery of behaviour assessments showed that in the water cross maze both HS and wild type mice performed less well on the linoleic acid diet, and that both HS and wild type mice on the linoleic acid diet performed similarly and better in the exploratory open field test. 26710715 3 2 theme olfactory 608:616 arg1 sub-regions 549:559 all six sub-regions 541:559 all six sub-regions - brain stem, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and the sub-cortex - 541:642 There was widespread elevation of BMP in HS mice across all six sub-regions - brain stem, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and the sub-cortex - with 22:6/22:6 the most abundant species. 26710715 3 2 theme olfactory 608:616 arg1 bulb 618:621 olfactory bulb 608:621 olfactory bulb 608:621 There was widespread elevation of BMP in HS mice across all six sub-regions - brain stem, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and the sub-cortex - with 22:6/22:6 the most abundant species. 26710715 2 3 theme dietary 317:323 arg1 supplementation 336:350 dietary fatty acid supplementation 317:350 dietary fatty acid supplementation 317:350 To correct this elevation, BMP synthesis was manipulated by dietary fatty acid supplementation and the impact on subregional brain BMP and pathology assessed in the mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler syndrome (HS)). 26710715 5 4 theme HS 1077:1078 arg1 mice 1094:1097 both HS and wild type mice 1072:1097 both HS and wild type mice on the linoleic acid diet 1072:1123 A battery of behaviour assessments showed that in the water cross maze both HS and wild type mice performed less well on the linoleic acid diet, and that both HS and wild type mice on the linoleic acid diet performed similarly and better in the exploratory open field test. 26710715 3 5 theme widespread 495:504 arg1 elevation 506:514 widespread elevation 495:514 widespread elevation of BMP in HS mice 495:532 There was widespread elevation of BMP in HS mice across all six sub-regions - brain stem, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and the sub-cortex - with 22:6/22:6 the most abundant species. 26710715 5 6 theme wild 1084:1087 arg1 type 1089:1092 wild type 1084:1092 wild type 1084:1092 A battery of behaviour assessments showed that in the water cross maze both HS and wild type mice performed less well on the linoleic acid diet, and that both HS and wild type mice on the linoleic acid diet performed similarly and better in the exploratory open field test. 26710715 7 7 theme acid 1337:1340 arg1 effects 1280:1286 The effects 1276:1286 The effects of high fat and docosahexaenoic/eicosapentaenoic acid enriched diets 1276:1355 The effects of high fat and docosahexaenoic/eicosapentaenoic acid enriched diets were generally unremarkable. 26710715 7 7 theme acid 1337:1340 arg1 unremarkable 1372:1383 unremarkable 1372:1383 unremarkable 1372:1383 The effects of high fat and docosahexaenoic/eicosapentaenoic acid enriched diets were generally unremarkable. 26710715 9 8 theme first 1552:1556 arg1 characterisation 1567:1582 the first detailed characterisation 1548:1582 the first detailed characterisation of subregional brain BMP species informing on the ability to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain, and as such, may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases 1548:1792 This is the first detailed characterisation of subregional brain BMP species informing on the ability to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain, and as such, may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases. 26710715 9 8 theme first 1552:1556 arg1 This 1540:1543 This 1540:1543 This 1540:1543 This is the first detailed characterisation of subregional brain BMP species informing on the ability to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain, and as such, may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases. 26710715 9 9 theme lysosomal 1775:1783 arg1 diseases 1785:1792 other lysosomal diseases 1769:1792 other lysosomal diseases 1769:1792 This is the first detailed characterisation of subregional brain BMP species informing on the ability to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain, and as such, may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases. 26710715 3 10 theme abundant 668:675 arg1 species 677:683 22:6/22:6 the most abundant species 649:683 22:6/22:6 the most abundant species 649:683 There was widespread elevation of BMP in HS mice across all six sub-regions - brain stem, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and the sub-cortex - with 22:6/22:6 the most abundant species. 26710715 4 11 theme major 829:833 arg1 finding 835:841 the major finding 825:841 the major finding 825:841 Linoleic acid normalised total BMP in all regions except the cortex and cerebellum, although there were differences in fatty acid species; the major finding a decrease in 22:6- and a concomitant increase in 22:5-containing species. 26710715 5 12 theme water 972:976 arg1 maze 984:987 the water cross maze 968:987 the water cross maze 968:987 A battery of behaviour assessments showed that in the water cross maze both HS and wild type mice performed less well on the linoleic acid diet, and that both HS and wild type mice on the linoleic acid diet performed similarly and better in the exploratory open field test. 26710715 3 13 dep sub-regions 549:559 arg1 stem 569:572 brain stem 563:572 brain stem 563:572 There was widespread elevation of BMP in HS mice across all six sub-regions - brain stem, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and the sub-cortex - with 22:6/22:6 the most abundant species. 26710715 3 13 dep sub-regions 549:559 arg1 cortex 575:580 cortex 575:580 cortex 575:580 There was widespread elevation of BMP in HS mice across all six sub-regions - brain stem, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and the sub-cortex - with 22:6/22:6 the most abundant species. 26710715 3 13 dep sub-regions 549:559 arg1 bulb 618:621 olfactory bulb 608:621 olfactory bulb 608:621 There was widespread elevation of BMP in HS mice across all six sub-regions - brain stem, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and the sub-cortex - with 22:6/22:6 the most abundant species. 26710715 3 13 dep sub-regions 549:559 arg1 sub-regions 549:559 all six sub-regions 541:559 all six sub-regions - brain stem, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and the sub-cortex - 541:642 There was widespread elevation of BMP in HS mice across all six sub-regions - brain stem, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and the sub-cortex - with 22:6/22:6 the most abundant species. 26710715 3 13 dep sub-regions 549:559 arg1 cerebellum 583:592 cerebellum 583:592 cerebellum 583:592 There was widespread elevation of BMP in HS mice across all six sub-regions - brain stem, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and the sub-cortex - with 22:6/22:6 the most abundant species. 26710715 3 13 dep sub-regions 549:559 arg1 hippocampus 595:605 hippocampus 595:605 hippocampus 595:605 There was widespread elevation of BMP in HS mice across all six sub-regions - brain stem, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and the sub-cortex - with 22:6/22:6 the most abundant species. 26710715 3 13 dep sub-regions 549:559 arg1 sub-cortex 631:640 the sub-cortex 627:640 the sub-cortex 627:640 There was widespread elevation of BMP in HS mice across all six sub-regions - brain stem, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and the sub-cortex - with 22:6/22:6 the most abundant species. 26710715 9 14 theme BMP 1605:1607 arg1 species 1609:1615 subregional brain BMP species 1587:1615 subregional brain BMP species informing on the ability to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain, and as such, may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases 1587:1792 This is the first detailed characterisation of subregional brain BMP species informing on the ability to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain, and as such, may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases. 26710715 4 15 dep decrease 845:852 arg1 finding 835:841 the major finding 825:841 the major finding 825:841 Linoleic acid normalised total BMP in all regions except the cortex and cerebellum, although there were differences in fatty acid species; the major finding a decrease in 22:6- and a concomitant increase in 22:5-containing species. 26710715 4 16 theme acid 811:814 arg1 species 816:822 fatty acid species 805:822 fatty acid species 805:822 Linoleic acid normalised total BMP in all regions except the cortex and cerebellum, although there were differences in fatty acid species; the major finding a decrease in 22:6- and a concomitant increase in 22:5-containing species. 26710715 9 17 theme subregional 1587:1597 arg1 species 1609:1615 subregional brain BMP species 1587:1615 subregional brain BMP species informing on the ability to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain, and as such, may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases 1587:1792 This is the first detailed characterisation of subregional brain BMP species informing on the ability to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain, and as such, may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases. 26710715 5 18 from mice 1094:1097 arg1 diet 1120:1123 the linoleic acid diet 1102:1123 the linoleic acid diet 1102:1123 A battery of behaviour assessments showed that in the water cross maze both HS and wild type mice performed less well on the linoleic acid diet, and that both HS and wild type mice on the linoleic acid diet performed similarly and better in the exploratory open field test. 26710715 3 19 theme brain 563:567 arg1 sub-regions 549:559 all six sub-regions 541:559 all six sub-regions - brain stem, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and the sub-cortex - 541:642 There was widespread elevation of BMP in HS mice across all six sub-regions - brain stem, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and the sub-cortex - with 22:6/22:6 the most abundant species. 26710715 3 19 theme brain 563:567 arg1 stem 569:572 brain stem 563:572 brain stem 563:572 There was widespread elevation of BMP in HS mice across all six sub-regions - brain stem, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and the sub-cortex - with 22:6/22:6 the most abundant species. 26710715 1 20 theme Bis 119:121 arg1 glycerophospholipid 160:178 a glycerophospholipid 158:178 a glycerophospholipid highly enriched in the lysosomal network and elevated in lysosomal diseases 158:254 Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) is a glycerophospholipid highly enriched in the lysosomal network and elevated in lysosomal diseases. 26710715 1 20 theme Bis 119:121 arg1 BMP 150:152 BMP 150:152 BMP 150:152 Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) is a glycerophospholipid highly enriched in the lysosomal network and elevated in lysosomal diseases. 26710715 1 20 theme Bis 119:121 arg1 phosphate 139:147 Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate 119:147 Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) 119:153 Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) is a glycerophospholipid highly enriched in the lysosomal network and elevated in lysosomal diseases. 26710715 4 21 theme concomitant 869:879 arg1 increase 881:888 a concomitant increase 867:888 a concomitant increase in 22:5-containing species 867:915 Linoleic acid normalised total BMP in all regions except the cortex and cerebellum, although there were differences in fatty acid species; the major finding a decrease in 22:6- and a concomitant increase in 22:5-containing species. 26710715 6 22 theme BMP 1246:1248 arg1 composition 1250:1260 differential subregional BMP composition 1221:1260 differential subregional BMP composition 1221:1260 This may be a consequence of differential subregional BMP composition in the brain. 26710715 1 23 theme monoacylglycero 123:137 arg1 glycerophospholipid 160:178 a glycerophospholipid 158:178 a glycerophospholipid highly enriched in the lysosomal network and elevated in lysosomal diseases 158:254 Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) is a glycerophospholipid highly enriched in the lysosomal network and elevated in lysosomal diseases. 26710715 1 23 theme monoacylglycero 123:137 arg1 BMP 150:152 BMP 150:152 BMP 150:152 Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) is a glycerophospholipid highly enriched in the lysosomal network and elevated in lysosomal diseases. 26710715 1 23 theme monoacylglycero 123:137 arg1 phosphate 139:147 Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate 119:147 Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) 119:153 Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) is a glycerophospholipid highly enriched in the lysosomal network and elevated in lysosomal diseases. 26710715 5 24 theme acid 1115:1118 arg1 diet 1120:1123 the linoleic acid diet 1102:1123 the linoleic acid diet 1102:1123 A battery of behaviour assessments showed that in the water cross maze both HS and wild type mice performed less well on the linoleic acid diet, and that both HS and wild type mice on the linoleic acid diet performed similarly and better in the exploratory open field test. 26710715 6 25 theme differential 1221:1232 arg1 composition 1250:1260 differential subregional BMP composition 1221:1260 differential subregional BMP composition 1221:1260 This may be a consequence of differential subregional BMP composition in the brain. 26710715 4 26 theme Linoleic 686:693 arg1 acid 695:698 Linoleic acid 686:698 Linoleic acid 686:698 Linoleic acid normalised total BMP in all regions except the cortex and cerebellum, although there were differences in fatty acid species; the major finding a decrease in 22:6- and a concomitant increase in 22:5-containing species. 26710715 0 27 theme mucopolysaccharidosis 79:99 arg1 mouse 112:116 the mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler) mouse 75:116 the mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler) mouse 75:116 Selective normalisation of regional brain bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate in the mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler) mouse. 26710715 5 28 theme HS 994:995 arg1 mice 1011:1014 both HS and wild type mice 989:1014 both HS and wild type mice 989:1014 A battery of behaviour assessments showed that in the water cross maze both HS and wild type mice performed less well on the linoleic acid diet, and that both HS and wild type mice on the linoleic acid diet performed similarly and better in the exploratory open field test. 26710715 1 29 theme lysosomal 237:245 arg1 diseases 247:254 lysosomal diseases 237:254 lysosomal diseases 237:254 Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) is a glycerophospholipid highly enriched in the lysosomal network and elevated in lysosomal diseases. 26710715 5 30 theme wild 1001:1004 arg1 type 1006:1009 wild type 1001:1009 wild type 1001:1009 A battery of behaviour assessments showed that in the water cross maze both HS and wild type mice performed less well on the linoleic acid diet, and that both HS and wild type mice on the linoleic acid diet performed similarly and better in the exploratory open field test. 26710715 0 31 theme phosphate 62:70 arg1 normalisation 10:22 Selective normalisation 0:22 Selective normalisation of regional brain bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate in the mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler) mouse 0:116 Selective normalisation of regional brain bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate in the mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler) mouse. 26710715 0 32 theme Selective 0:8 arg1 normalisation 10:22 Selective normalisation 0:22 Selective normalisation of regional brain bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate in the mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler) mouse 0:116 Selective normalisation of regional brain bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate in the mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler) mouse. 26710715 5 33 theme exploratory 1163:1173 arg1 test 1186:1189 the exploratory open field test 1159:1189 the exploratory open field test 1159:1189 A battery of behaviour assessments showed that in the water cross maze both HS and wild type mice performed less well on the linoleic acid diet, and that both HS and wild type mice on the linoleic acid diet performed similarly and better in the exploratory open field test. 26710715 2 34 theme mucopolysaccharidosis 437:457 arg1 model 428:432 the mouse model 418:432 the mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler syndrome (HS)) 418:482 To correct this elevation, BMP synthesis was manipulated by dietary fatty acid supplementation and the impact on subregional brain BMP and pathology assessed in the mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler syndrome (HS)). 26710715 5 35 theme field 1180:1184 arg1 test 1186:1189 the exploratory open field test 1159:1189 the exploratory open field test 1159:1189 A battery of behaviour assessments showed that in the water cross maze both HS and wild type mice performed less well on the linoleic acid diet, and that both HS and wild type mice on the linoleic acid diet performed similarly and better in the exploratory open field test. 26710715 2 36 theme brain 382:386 arg1 BMP 388:390 subregional brain BMP 370:390 subregional brain BMP 370:390 To correct this elevation, BMP synthesis was manipulated by dietary fatty acid supplementation and the impact on subregional brain BMP and pathology assessed in the mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler syndrome (HS)). 26710715 0 37 theme brain 36:40 arg1 phosphate 62:70 regional brain bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate 27:70 regional brain bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate 27:70 Selective normalisation of regional brain bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate in the mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler) mouse. 26710715 7 38 dep fat 1296:1298 arg1 diets 1351:1355 enriched diets 1342:1355 enriched diets 1342:1355 The effects of high fat and docosahexaenoic/eicosapentaenoic acid enriched diets were generally unremarkable. 26710715 5 39 theme linoleic 1043:1050 arg1 diet 1057:1060 the linoleic acid diet 1039:1060 the linoleic acid diet 1039:1060 A battery of behaviour assessments showed that in the water cross maze both HS and wild type mice performed less well on the linoleic acid diet, and that both HS and wild type mice on the linoleic acid diet performed similarly and better in the exploratory open field test. 26710715 5 40 theme assessments 941:951 arg1 battery 920:926 A battery 918:926 A battery of behaviour assessments 918:951 A battery of behaviour assessments showed that in the water cross maze both HS and wild type mice performed less well on the linoleic acid diet, and that both HS and wild type mice on the linoleic acid diet performed similarly and better in the exploratory open field test. 26710715 5 41 theme type 1089:1092 arg1 mice 1094:1097 both HS and wild type mice 1072:1097 both HS and wild type mice on the linoleic acid diet 1072:1123 A battery of behaviour assessments showed that in the water cross maze both HS and wild type mice performed less well on the linoleic acid diet, and that both HS and wild type mice on the linoleic acid diet performed similarly and better in the exploratory open field test. 26710715 1 42 theme lysosomal 203:211 arg1 network 213:219 the lysosomal network 199:219 the lysosomal network 199:219 Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) is a glycerophospholipid highly enriched in the lysosomal network and elevated in lysosomal diseases. 26710715 8 43 theme skeletal 1499:1506 arg1 pathology 1508:1516 skeletal pathology 1499:1516 skeletal pathology that did not resolve 1499:1537 Although major pathologies were not completely abrogated, much of the neurobehavioural testing was confounded by skeletal pathology that did not resolve. 26710715 2 44 theme fatty 325:329 arg1 acid 331:334 fatty acid 325:334 dietary fatty acid supplementation 317:350 To correct this elevation, BMP synthesis was manipulated by dietary fatty acid supplementation and the impact on subregional brain BMP and pathology assessed in the mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler syndrome (HS)). 26710715 7 45 theme enriched 1342:1349 arg1 diets 1351:1355 enriched diets 1342:1355 enriched diets 1342:1355 The effects of high fat and docosahexaenoic/eicosapentaenoic acid enriched diets were generally unremarkable. 26710715 3 46 theme BMP 519:521 arg1 elevation 506:514 widespread elevation 495:514 widespread elevation of BMP in HS mice 495:532 There was widespread elevation of BMP in HS mice across all six sub-regions - brain stem, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and the sub-cortex - with 22:6/22:6 the most abundant species. 26710715 7 47 theme docosahexaenoic/eicosapentaenoic 1304:1335 arg1 acid 1337:1340 docosahexaenoic/eicosapentaenoic acid 1304:1340 docosahexaenoic/eicosapentaenoic acid 1304:1340 The effects of high fat and docosahexaenoic/eicosapentaenoic acid enriched diets were generally unremarkable. 26710715 7 48 theme high 1291:1294 arg1 fat 1296:1298 high fat 1291:1298 high fat 1291:1298 The effects of high fat and docosahexaenoic/eicosapentaenoic acid enriched diets were generally unremarkable. 26710715 7 49 theme fat 1296:1298 arg1 effects 1280:1286 The effects 1276:1286 The effects of high fat and docosahexaenoic/eicosapentaenoic acid enriched diets 1276:1355 The effects of high fat and docosahexaenoic/eicosapentaenoic acid enriched diets were generally unremarkable. 26710715 7 49 theme fat 1296:1298 arg1 unremarkable 1372:1383 unremarkable 1372:1383 unremarkable 1372:1383 The effects of high fat and docosahexaenoic/eicosapentaenoic acid enriched diets were generally unremarkable. 26710715 9 50 theme detailed 1558:1565 arg1 characterisation 1567:1582 the first detailed characterisation 1548:1582 the first detailed characterisation of subregional brain BMP species informing on the ability to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain, and as such, may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases 1548:1792 This is the first detailed characterisation of subregional brain BMP species informing on the ability to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain, and as such, may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases. 26710715 9 50 theme detailed 1558:1565 arg1 This 1540:1543 This 1540:1543 This 1540:1543 This is the first detailed characterisation of subregional brain BMP species informing on the ability to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain, and as such, may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases. 26710715 9 51 theme other 1769:1773 arg1 diseases 1785:1792 other lysosomal diseases 1769:1792 other lysosomal diseases 1769:1792 This is the first detailed characterisation of subregional brain BMP species informing on the ability to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain, and as such, may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases. 26710715 2 52 theme BMP 284:286 arg1 synthesis 288:296 BMP synthesis 284:296 BMP synthesis 284:296 To correct this elevation, BMP synthesis was manipulated by dietary fatty acid supplementation and the impact on subregional brain BMP and pathology assessed in the mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler syndrome (HS)). 26710715 8 53 theme major 1395:1399 arg1 pathologies 1401:1411 major pathologies 1395:1411 major pathologies 1395:1411 Although major pathologies were not completely abrogated, much of the neurobehavioural testing was confounded by skeletal pathology that did not resolve. 26710715 4 54 dep cortex 747:752 arg1 the 743:745 the 743:745 the 743:745 Linoleic acid normalised total BMP in all regions except the cortex and cerebellum, although there were differences in fatty acid species; the major finding a decrease in 22:6- and a concomitant increase in 22:5-containing species. 26710715 9 55 theme brain 1599:1603 arg1 species 1609:1615 subregional brain BMP species 1587:1615 subregional brain BMP species informing on the ability to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain, and as such, may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases 1587:1792 This is the first detailed characterisation of subregional brain BMP species informing on the ability to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain, and as such, may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases. 26710715 5 56 theme cross 978:982 arg1 maze 984:987 the water cross maze 968:987 the water cross maze 968:987 A battery of behaviour assessments showed that in the water cross maze both HS and wild type mice performed less well on the linoleic acid diet, and that both HS and wild type mice on the linoleic acid diet performed similarly and better in the exploratory open field test. 26710715 9 57 theme species 1609:1615 arg1 characterisation 1567:1582 the first detailed characterisation 1548:1582 the first detailed characterisation of subregional brain BMP species informing on the ability to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain, and as such, may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases 1548:1792 This is the first detailed characterisation of subregional brain BMP species informing on the ability to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain, and as such, may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases. 26710715 9 57 theme species 1609:1615 arg1 This 1540:1543 This 1540:1543 This 1540:1543 This is the first detailed characterisation of subregional brain BMP species informing on the ability to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain, and as such, may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases. 26710715 3 58 theme HS 526:527 arg1 mice 529:532 HS mice 526:532 HS mice 526:532 There was widespread elevation of BMP in HS mice across all six sub-regions - brain stem, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and the sub-cortex - with 22:6/22:6 the most abundant species. 26710715 4 59 theme fatty 805:809 arg1 species 816:822 fatty acid species 805:822 fatty acid species 805:822 Linoleic acid normalised total BMP in all regions except the cortex and cerebellum, although there were differences in fatty acid species; the major finding a decrease in 22:6- and a concomitant increase in 22:5-containing species. 26710715 3 60 from elevation 506:514 arg1 mice 529:532 HS mice 526:532 HS mice 526:532 There was widespread elevation of BMP in HS mice across all six sub-regions - brain stem, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and the sub-cortex - with 22:6/22:6 the most abundant species. 26710715 6 61 theme composition 1250:1260 arg1 consequence 1206:1216 a consequence 1204:1216 a consequence of differential subregional BMP composition 1204:1260 This may be a consequence of differential subregional BMP composition in the brain. 26710715 6 61 theme composition 1250:1260 arg1 This 1192:1195 This 1192:1195 This 1192:1195 This may be a consequence of differential subregional BMP composition in the brain. 26710715 2 62 theme Hurler 462:467 arg1 HS 479:480 HS 479:480 HS 479:480 To correct this elevation, BMP synthesis was manipulated by dietary fatty acid supplementation and the impact on subregional brain BMP and pathology assessed in the mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler syndrome (HS)). 26710715 2 62 theme Hurler 462:467 arg1 syndrome 469:476 Hurler syndrome 462:476 the mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler syndrome (HS)) 418:482 To correct this elevation, BMP synthesis was manipulated by dietary fatty acid supplementation and the impact on subregional brain BMP and pathology assessed in the mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler syndrome (HS)). 26710715 5 63 theme linoleic 1106:1113 arg1 diet 1120:1123 the linoleic acid diet 1102:1123 the linoleic acid diet 1102:1123 A battery of behaviour assessments showed that in the water cross maze both HS and wild type mice performed less well on the linoleic acid diet, and that both HS and wild type mice on the linoleic acid diet performed similarly and better in the exploratory open field test. 26710715 9 64 dep ability 1634:1640 arg1 such 1695:1698 such 1695:1698 such 1695:1698 This is the first detailed characterisation of subregional brain BMP species informing on the ability to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain, and as such, may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases. 26710715 9 64 dep ability 1634:1640 arg1 promise 1710:1716 promise 1710:1716 may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases 1701:1792 This is the first detailed characterisation of subregional brain BMP species informing on the ability to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain, and as such, may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases. 26710715 9 64 dep ability 1634:1640 arg1 manipulate 1645:1654 manipulate 1645:1654 to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain 1642:1685 This is the first detailed characterisation of subregional brain BMP species informing on the ability to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain, and as such, may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases. 26710715 6 65 theme subregional 1234:1244 arg1 composition 1250:1260 differential subregional BMP composition 1221:1260 differential subregional BMP composition 1221:1260 This may be a consequence of differential subregional BMP composition in the brain. 26710715 4 66 from differences 790:800 arg1 species 816:822 fatty acid species 805:822 fatty acid species 805:822 Linoleic acid normalised total BMP in all regions except the cortex and cerebellum, although there were differences in fatty acid species; the major finding a decrease in 22:6- and a concomitant increase in 22:5-containing species. 26710715 2 67 dep model 428:432 arg1 HS 479:480 HS 479:480 HS 479:480 To correct this elevation, BMP synthesis was manipulated by dietary fatty acid supplementation and the impact on subregional brain BMP and pathology assessed in the mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler syndrome (HS)). 26710715 2 67 dep model 428:432 arg1 syndrome 469:476 Hurler syndrome 462:476 the mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler syndrome (HS)) 418:482 To correct this elevation, BMP synthesis was manipulated by dietary fatty acid supplementation and the impact on subregional brain BMP and pathology assessed in the mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler syndrome (HS)). 26710715 0 68 from normalisation 10:22 arg1 mouse 112:116 the mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler) mouse 75:116 the mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler) mouse 75:116 Selective normalisation of regional brain bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate in the mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler) mouse. 26710715 0 69 theme Hurler 104:109 arg1 mouse 112:116 the mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler) mouse 75:116 the mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler) mouse 75:116 Selective normalisation of regional brain bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate in the mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler) mouse. 26710715 6 70 from consequence 1206:1216 arg1 brain 1269:1273 the brain 1265:1273 the brain 1265:1273 This may be a consequence of differential subregional BMP composition in the brain. 26710715 0 71 theme regional 27:34 arg1 phosphate 62:70 regional brain bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate 27:70 regional brain bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate 27:70 Selective normalisation of regional brain bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate in the mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler) mouse. 26710715 5 72 theme open 1175:1178 arg1 test 1186:1189 the exploratory open field test 1159:1189 the exploratory open field test 1159:1189 A battery of behaviour assessments showed that in the water cross maze both HS and wild type mice performed less well on the linoleic acid diet, and that both HS and wild type mice on the linoleic acid diet performed similarly and better in the exploratory open field test. 26710715 0 73 theme bis 42:44 arg1 phosphate 62:70 regional brain bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate 27:70 regional brain bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate 27:70 Selective normalisation of regional brain bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate in the mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler) mouse. 26710715 4 74 theme 22:5-containing 893:907 arg1 species 909:915 22:5-containing species 893:915 22:5-containing species 893:915 Linoleic acid normalised total BMP in all regions except the cortex and cerebellum, although there were differences in fatty acid species; the major finding a decrease in 22:6- and a concomitant increase in 22:5-containing species. 26710715 8 75 theme neurobehavioural 1456:1471 arg1 testing 1473:1479 the neurobehavioural testing 1452:1479 the neurobehavioural testing 1452:1479 Although major pathologies were not completely abrogated, much of the neurobehavioural testing was confounded by skeletal pathology that did not resolve. 26710715 2 76 theme subregional 370:380 arg1 BMP 388:390 subregional brain BMP 370:390 subregional brain BMP 370:390 To correct this elevation, BMP synthesis was manipulated by dietary fatty acid supplementation and the impact on subregional brain BMP and pathology assessed in the mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler syndrome (HS)). 26710715 0 77 theme monoacylglycero 46:60 arg1 phosphate 62:70 regional brain bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate 27:70 regional brain bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate 27:70 Selective normalisation of regional brain bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate in the mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler) mouse. 26710715 5 78 theme behaviour 931:939 arg1 assessments 941:951 behaviour assessments 931:951 behaviour assessments 931:951 A battery of behaviour assessments showed that in the water cross maze both HS and wild type mice performed less well on the linoleic acid diet, and that both HS and wild type mice on the linoleic acid diet performed similarly and better in the exploratory open field test. 26710715 2 79 theme mouse 422:426 arg1 model 428:432 the mouse model 418:432 the mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler syndrome (HS)) 418:482 To correct this elevation, BMP synthesis was manipulated by dietary fatty acid supplementation and the impact on subregional brain BMP and pathology assessed in the mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler syndrome (HS)). 26710715 5 80 theme acid 1052:1055 arg1 diet 1057:1060 the linoleic acid diet 1039:1060 the linoleic acid diet 1039:1060 A battery of behaviour assessments showed that in the water cross maze both HS and wild type mice performed less well on the linoleic acid diet, and that both HS and wild type mice on the linoleic acid diet performed similarly and better in the exploratory open field test. 26710715 9 81 from phospholipid 1661:1672 arg1 brain 1681:1685 the brain 1677:1685 the brain 1677:1685 This is the first detailed characterisation of subregional brain BMP species informing on the ability to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain, and as such, may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases. 26710715 2 82 from impact 360:365 arg1 pathology 396:404 pathology 396:404 pathology 396:404 To correct this elevation, BMP synthesis was manipulated by dietary fatty acid supplementation and the impact on subregional brain BMP and pathology assessed in the mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler syndrome (HS)). 26710715 2 82 from impact 360:365 arg1 BMP 388:390 subregional brain BMP 370:390 subregional brain BMP 370:390 To correct this elevation, BMP synthesis was manipulated by dietary fatty acid supplementation and the impact on subregional brain BMP and pathology assessed in the mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler syndrome (HS)). 26710715 9 83 theme adjunct 1724:1730 arg1 therapy 1732:1738 an adjunct therapy 1721:1738 an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases 1721:1792 This is the first detailed characterisation of subregional brain BMP species informing on the ability to manipulate this phospholipid in the brain, and as such, may hold promise as an adjunct therapy not only for HS but also for other lysosomal diseases. 26710715 4 84 theme total 711:715 arg1 BMP 717:719 total BMP 711:719 total BMP 711:719 Linoleic acid normalised total BMP in all regions except the cortex and cerebellum, although there were differences in fatty acid species; the major finding a decrease in 22:6- and a concomitant increase in 22:5-containing species. 26710715 4 85 from increase 881:888 arg1 22:6- 857:861 22:6- 857:861 22:6- 857:861 Linoleic acid normalised total BMP in all regions except the cortex and cerebellum, although there were differences in fatty acid species; the major finding a decrease in 22:6- and a concomitant increase in 22:5-containing species. 26710715 4 85 from increase 881:888 arg1 species 909:915 22:5-containing species 893:915 22:5-containing species 893:915 Linoleic acid normalised total BMP in all regions except the cortex and cerebellum, although there were differences in fatty acid species; the major finding a decrease in 22:6- and a concomitant increase in 22:5-containing species. 26710715 1 86 dep glycerophospholipid 160:178 arg1 elevated 225:232 elevated 225:232 elevated in lysosomal diseases 225:254 Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) is a glycerophospholipid highly enriched in the lysosomal network and elevated in lysosomal diseases. 26710715 1 86 dep glycerophospholipid 160:178 arg1 enriched 187:194 enriched 187:194 enriched in the lysosomal network 187:219 Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) is a glycerophospholipid highly enriched in the lysosomal network and elevated in lysosomal diseases. 26710715 2 87 theme acid 331:334 arg1 supplementation 336:350 dietary fatty acid supplementation 317:350 dietary fatty acid supplementation 317:350 To correct this elevation, BMP synthesis was manipulated by dietary fatty acid supplementation and the impact on subregional brain BMP and pathology assessed in the mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis 1 (Hurler syndrome (HS)). 26707217 4 0 theme immunization 1034:1045 arg1 protocols 1047:1055 passive immunization protocols 1026:1055 passive immunization protocols 1026:1055 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 8 1 theme sepsis-causing 1844:1857 arg1 strains 1867:1873 sepsis-causing E. coli strains 1844:1873 sepsis-causing E. coli strains 1844:1873 The information and data presented are the first step toward the development of a broadly protective vaccine against sepsis-causing E. coli strains. 26707217 3 2 theme common 544:549 arg1 candidates 565:574 four common ExPEC antigen candidates 539:574 four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN 539:661 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 5 3 theme of 1181:1182 arg1 isotypes 1195:1202 total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes 1162:1202 total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes 1162:1202 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 3 4 theme common 588:593 arg1 antigens 601:608 common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN 588:661 common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN 588:661 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 1 5 theme infections 289:298 arg1 worldwide 300:308 nosocomial infections worldwide 278:308 nosocomial infections worldwide 278:308 Systemic infections caused by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) have emerged as the most common community-onset bacterial infections and are major causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. 26707217 5 6 dep E. 1257:1258 arg1 coli 1260:1263 coli 1260:1263 coli 1260:1263 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 3 7 theme non-lethal 730:739 arg1 models 748:753 lethal and non-lethal murine models 719:753 lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis 719:763 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 6 8 theme internal 1428:1435 arg1 organs 1437:1442 internal organs 1428:1442 internal organs 1428:1442 Moreover, passive immunization against these four antigens resulted in significant reductions of bacteria in internal organs and blood of the mice, especially when the challenge strain was grown in iron-restricted media. 26707217 2 9 theme infections 335:344 arg1 management 315:324 The management 311:324 The management of ExPEC infections 311:344 The management of ExPEC infections has been complicated by the heterogeneity of ExPEC strains and the emergence of antibiotic resistance, thus their prevention through vaccination would be beneficial. 26707217 4 10 link -linked 862:868 arg1 poly-N-acetylglucosamine 870:893 β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine 855:893 β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) 855:1010 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 4 10 link -linked 862:868 arg1 polysaccharide 839:852 a conserved surface polysaccharide 819:852 a conserved surface polysaccharide 819:852 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 4 10 link -linked 862:868 arg1 dPNAG 896:900 dPNAG 896:900 dPNAG 896:900 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 3 11 theme sepsis 758:763 arg1 models 748:753 lethal and non-lethal murine models 719:753 lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis 719:763 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 6 12 theme challenge 1487:1495 arg1 strain 1497:1502 the challenge strain 1483:1502 the challenge strain 1483:1502 Moreover, passive immunization against these four antigens resulted in significant reductions of bacteria in internal organs and blood of the mice, especially when the challenge strain was grown in iron-restricted media. 26707217 1 13 theme common 210:215 arg1 infections 243:252 the most common community-onset bacterial infections 201:252 the most common community-onset bacterial infections 201:252 Systemic infections caused by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) have emerged as the most common community-onset bacterial infections and are major causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. 26707217 5 14 theme mice 1081:1084 arg1 immunization 1065:1076 Active immunization 1058:1076 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN 1058:1136 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 3 15 theme uptake 633:638 arg1 IutA 649:652 IutA 649:652 IutA 649:652 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 3 15 theme uptake 633:638 arg1 proteins 640:647 EcpD and iron uptake proteins 619:647 EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN 619:661 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 3 15 theme uptake 633:638 arg1 IroN 658:661 IroN 658:661 IroN 658:661 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 1 16 theme bacterial 233:241 arg1 infections 243:252 the most common community-onset bacterial infections 201:252 the most common community-onset bacterial infections 201:252 Systemic infections caused by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) have emerged as the most common community-onset bacterial infections and are major causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. 26707217 7 17 theme passive 1602:1608 arg1 immunization 1610:1621 the passive immunization 1598:1621 the passive immunization 1598:1621 Inclusion of antibodies to PNAG increased the efficacy of the passive immunization under conditions where the challenge bacteria were grown in LB medium but not in iron-restricted media. 26707217 5 18 theme E. 1257:1258 arg1 infection 1265:1273 E. coli infection 1257:1273 E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges 1257:1316 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 8 19 theme first 1770:1774 arg1 step 1776:1779 the first step 1766:1779 the first step toward the development of a broadly protective vaccine against sepsis-causing E. coli strains 1766:1873 The information and data presented are the first step toward the development of a broadly protective vaccine against sepsis-causing E. coli strains. 26707217 8 19 theme first 1770:1774 arg1 data 1747:1750 data 1747:1750 data 1747:1750 The information and data presented are the first step toward the development of a broadly protective vaccine against sepsis-causing E. coli strains. 26707217 8 19 theme first 1770:1774 arg1 information 1731:1741 information 1731:1741 information 1731:1741 The information and data presented are the first step toward the development of a broadly protective vaccine against sepsis-causing E. coli strains. 26707217 5 20 theme IgG1/IgG2a 1184:1193 arg1 isotypes 1195:1202 total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes 1162:1202 total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes 1162:1202 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 0 21 theme antigen 14:20 arg1 combinations 22:33 Novel vaccine antigen combinations 0:33 Novel vaccine antigen combinations 0:33 Novel vaccine antigen combinations elicit protective immune responses against Escherichia coli sepsis. 26707217 3 22 dep antigens 601:608 arg1 IutA 649:652 IutA 649:652 IutA 649:652 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 3 22 dep antigens 601:608 arg1 EcpA 610:613 EcpA 610:613 EcpA 610:613 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 3 22 dep antigens 601:608 arg1 proteins 640:647 EcpD and iron uptake proteins 619:647 EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN 619:661 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 3 22 dep antigens 601:608 arg1 IroN 658:661 IroN 658:661 IroN 658:661 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 4 23 theme toxoid 989:994 arg1 9GlcNH2-TT 1000:1009 9GlcNH2-TT 1000:1009 9GlcNH2-TT 1000:1009 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 4 23 theme toxoid 989:994 arg1 TT 996:997 tetanus toxoid TT 981:997 tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) 981:1010 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 7 24 theme antibodies 1553:1562 arg1 Inclusion 1540:1548 Inclusion 1540:1548 Inclusion of antibodies to PNAG 1540:1570 Inclusion of antibodies to PNAG increased the efficacy of the passive immunization under conditions where the challenge bacteria were grown in LB medium but not in iron-restricted media. 26707217 5 25 theme recombinant 1091:1101 arg1 EcpA 1112:1115 EcpA 1112:1115 EcpA 1112:1115 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 5 25 theme recombinant 1091:1101 arg1 IutA 1124:1127 IutA 1124:1127 IutA 1124:1127 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 5 25 theme recombinant 1091:1101 arg1 antigens 1103:1110 recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN 1091:1136 recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN 1091:1136 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 5 25 theme recombinant 1091:1101 arg1 EcpD 1118:1121 EcpD 1118:1121 EcpD 1118:1121 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 5 25 theme recombinant 1091:1101 arg1 IroN 1133:1136 IroN 1133:1136 IroN 1133:1136 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 7 26 theme LB 1683:1684 arg1 medium 1686:1691 LB medium 1683:1691 LB medium 1683:1691 Inclusion of antibodies to PNAG increased the efficacy of the passive immunization under conditions where the challenge bacteria were grown in LB medium but not in iron-restricted media. 26707217 8 27 dep E. 1859:1860 arg1 coli 1862:1865 coli 1862:1865 coli 1862:1865 The information and data presented are the first step toward the development of a broadly protective vaccine against sepsis-causing E. coli strains. 26707217 5 28 theme isotypes 1195:1202 arg1 levels 1152:1157 high levels 1147:1157 high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes 1147:1202 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 8 29 theme protective 1817:1826 arg1 vaccine 1828:1834 a broadly protective vaccine 1807:1834 a broadly protective vaccine against sepsis-causing E. coli strains 1807:1873 The information and data presented are the first step toward the development of a broadly protective vaccine against sepsis-causing E. coli strains. 26707217 0 30 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 combinations 22:33 Novel vaccine antigen combinations 0:33 Novel vaccine antigen combinations 0:33 Novel vaccine antigen combinations elicit protective immune responses against Escherichia coli sepsis. 26707217 1 31 theme worldwide 300:308 arg1 causes 268:273 major causes 262:273 major causes of nosocomial infections worldwide 262:308 Systemic infections caused by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) have emerged as the most common community-onset bacterial infections and are major causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. 26707217 5 32 theme Active 1058:1063 arg1 immunization 1065:1076 Active immunization 1058:1076 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN 1058:1136 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 1 33 theme Systemic 103:110 arg1 infections 112:121 Systemic infections 103:121 Systemic infections caused by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) 103:183 Systemic infections caused by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) have emerged as the most common community-onset bacterial infections and are major causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. 26707217 4 34 theme passive 1026:1032 arg1 protocols 1047:1055 passive immunization protocols 1026:1055 passive immunization protocols 1026:1055 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 5 35 theme lethal 1278:1283 arg1 challenges 1307:1316 lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges 1278:1316 lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges 1278:1316 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 6 36 theme bacteria 1416:1423 arg1 reductions 1402:1411 significant reductions 1390:1411 significant reductions of bacteria in internal organs and blood of the mice 1390:1464 Moreover, passive immunization against these four antigens resulted in significant reductions of bacteria in internal organs and blood of the mice, especially when the challenge strain was grown in iron-restricted media. 26707217 5 37 theme total 1162:1166 arg1 isotypes 1195:1202 total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes 1162:1202 total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes 1162:1202 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 2 38 gly heterogeneity 374:386 arg1 resistance 437:446 antibiotic resistance 426:446 antibiotic resistance 426:446 The management of ExPEC infections has been complicated by the heterogeneity of ExPEC strains and the emergence of antibiotic resistance, thus their prevention through vaccination would be beneficial. 26707217 2 38 gly heterogeneity 374:386 arg1 strains 397:403 ExPEC strains 391:403 ExPEC strains 391:403 The management of ExPEC infections has been complicated by the heterogeneity of ExPEC strains and the emergence of antibiotic resistance, thus their prevention through vaccination would be beneficial. 26707217 4 39 theme surface 831:837 arg1 poly-N-acetylglucosamine 870:893 β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine 855:893 β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) 855:1010 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 4 39 theme surface 831:837 arg1 polysaccharide 839:852 a conserved surface polysaccharide 819:852 a conserved surface polysaccharide 819:852 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 5 40 theme non-lethal 1289:1298 arg1 challenges 1307:1316 lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges 1278:1316 lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges 1278:1316 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 2 41 theme resistance 437:446 arg1 emergence 413:421 the emergence 409:421 the emergence of antibiotic resistance 409:446 The management of ExPEC infections has been complicated by the heterogeneity of ExPEC strains and the emergence of antibiotic resistance, thus their prevention through vaccination would be beneficial. 26707217 2 41 theme resistance 437:446 arg1 heterogeneity 374:386 the heterogeneity 370:386 the heterogeneity of ExPEC strains 370:403 The management of ExPEC infections has been complicated by the heterogeneity of ExPEC strains and the emergence of antibiotic resistance, thus their prevention through vaccination would be beneficial. 26707217 0 42 theme immune 53:58 arg1 responses 60:68 protective immune responses 42:68 protective immune responses 42:68 Novel vaccine antigen combinations elicit protective immune responses against Escherichia coli sepsis. 26707217 5 43 dep antigens 1103:1110 arg1 EcpA 1112:1115 EcpA 1112:1115 EcpA 1112:1115 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 5 43 dep antigens 1103:1110 arg1 IutA 1124:1127 IutA 1124:1127 IutA 1124:1127 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 5 43 dep antigens 1103:1110 arg1 IroN 1133:1136 IroN 1133:1136 IroN 1133:1136 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 5 43 dep antigens 1103:1110 arg1 EcpD 1118:1121 EcpD 1118:1121 EcpD 1118:1121 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 5 43 dep antigens 1103:1110 arg1 antigens 1103:1110 recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN 1091:1136 recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN 1091:1136 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 3 44 theme passive 695:701 arg1 immunization 703:714 both active and passive immunization 679:714 both active and passive immunization 679:714 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 3 45 theme active 684:689 arg1 immunization 703:714 both active and passive immunization 679:714 both active and passive immunization 679:714 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 3 46 theme ExPEC 551:555 arg1 candidates 565:574 four common ExPEC antigen candidates 539:574 four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN 539:661 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 6 47 theme mice 1461:1464 arg1 blood 1448:1452 blood 1448:1452 blood 1448:1452 Moreover, passive immunization against these four antigens resulted in significant reductions of bacteria in internal organs and blood of the mice, especially when the challenge strain was grown in iron-restricted media. 26707217 6 47 theme mice 1461:1464 arg1 organs 1437:1442 internal organs 1428:1442 internal organs 1428:1442 Moreover, passive immunization against these four antigens resulted in significant reductions of bacteria in internal organs and blood of the mice, especially when the challenge strain was grown in iron-restricted media. 26707217 8 48 theme E. 1859:1860 arg1 strains 1867:1873 sepsis-causing E. coli strains 1844:1873 sepsis-causing E. coli strains 1844:1873 The information and data presented are the first step toward the development of a broadly protective vaccine against sepsis-causing E. coli strains. 26707217 5 49 theme antibody 1172:1179 arg1 isotypes 1195:1202 total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes 1162:1202 total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes 1162:1202 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 4 50 theme -linked 862:868 arg1 poly-N-acetylglucosamine 870:893 β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine 855:893 β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) 855:1010 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 4 50 theme -linked 862:868 arg1 polysaccharide 839:852 a conserved surface polysaccharide 819:852 a conserved surface polysaccharide 819:852 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 4 50 theme -linked 862:868 arg1 dPNAG 896:900 dPNAG 896:900 dPNAG 896:900 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 1 51 theme nosocomial 278:287 arg1 worldwide 300:308 nosocomial infections worldwide 278:308 nosocomial infections worldwide 278:308 Systemic infections caused by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) have emerged as the most common community-onset bacterial infections and are major causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. 26707217 3 52 theme candidates 565:574 arg1 efficacy 527:534 The protective efficacy 512:534 The protective efficacy 512:534 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 6 53 theme iron-restricted 1517:1531 arg1 media 1533:1537 iron-restricted media 1517:1537 iron-restricted media 1517:1537 Moreover, passive immunization against these four antigens resulted in significant reductions of bacteria in internal organs and blood of the mice, especially when the challenge strain was grown in iron-restricted media. 26707217 3 54 theme murine 741:746 arg1 models 748:753 lethal and non-lethal murine models 719:753 lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis 719:763 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 5 55 from infection 1265:1273 arg1 challenges 1307:1316 lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges 1278:1316 lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges 1278:1316 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 3 56 theme pilus 595:599 arg1 antigens 601:608 common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN 588:661 common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN 588:661 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 3 57 dep proteins 640:647 arg1 IutA 649:652 IutA 649:652 IutA 649:652 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 3 57 dep proteins 640:647 arg1 proteins 640:647 EcpD and iron uptake proteins 619:647 EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN 619:661 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 3 57 dep proteins 640:647 arg1 IroN 658:661 IroN 658:661 IroN 658:661 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 7 58 theme immunization 1610:1621 arg1 efficacy 1586:1593 the efficacy 1582:1593 the efficacy of the passive immunization 1582:1621 Inclusion of antibodies to PNAG increased the efficacy of the passive immunization under conditions where the challenge bacteria were grown in LB medium but not in iron-restricted media. 26707217 3 59 theme iron 628:631 arg1 uptake 633:638 iron uptake 628:638 iron uptake 628:638 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 1 60 theme community-onset 217:231 arg1 infections 243:252 the most common community-onset bacterial infections 201:252 the most common community-onset bacterial infections 201:252 Systemic infections caused by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) have emerged as the most common community-onset bacterial infections and are major causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. 26707217 4 61 theme non-acetylated 929:942 arg1 9GlcNH2 958:964 9GlcNH2 958:964 9GlcNH2 958:964 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 4 61 theme non-acetylated 929:942 arg1 glucosamine 945:955 (non-acetylated) glucosamine 928:955 (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) 928:1010 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 3 62 theme EcpD 619:622 arg1 IutA 649:652 IutA 649:652 IutA 649:652 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 3 62 theme EcpD 619:622 arg1 proteins 640:647 EcpD and iron uptake proteins 619:647 EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN 619:661 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 3 62 theme EcpD 619:622 arg1 IroN 658:661 IroN 658:661 IroN 658:661 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 2 63 theme ExPEC 329:333 arg1 infections 335:344 ExPEC infections 329:344 ExPEC infections 329:344 The management of ExPEC infections has been complicated by the heterogeneity of ExPEC strains and the emergence of antibiotic resistance, thus their prevention through vaccination would be beneficial. 26707217 0 64 theme Escherichia 78:88 arg1 sepsis 95:100 Escherichia coli sepsis 78:100 Escherichia coli sepsis 78:100 Novel vaccine antigen combinations elicit protective immune responses against Escherichia coli sepsis. 26707217 6 65 from reductions 1402:1411 arg1 blood 1448:1452 blood 1448:1452 blood 1448:1452 Moreover, passive immunization against these four antigens resulted in significant reductions of bacteria in internal organs and blood of the mice, especially when the challenge strain was grown in iron-restricted media. 26707217 6 65 from reductions 1402:1411 arg1 organs 1437:1442 internal organs 1428:1442 internal organs 1428:1442 Moreover, passive immunization against these four antigens resulted in significant reductions of bacteria in internal organs and blood of the mice, especially when the challenge strain was grown in iron-restricted media. 26707217 7 66 theme iron-restricted 1704:1718 arg1 media 1720:1724 iron-restricted media 1704:1724 iron-restricted media 1704:1724 Inclusion of antibodies to PNAG increased the efficacy of the passive immunization under conditions where the challenge bacteria were grown in LB medium but not in iron-restricted media. 26707217 4 67 theme tetanus 981:987 arg1 9GlcNH2-TT 1000:1009 9GlcNH2-TT 1000:1009 9GlcNH2-TT 1000:1009 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 4 67 theme tetanus 981:987 arg1 TT 996:997 tetanus toxoid TT 981:997 tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) 981:1010 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 8 68 dep information 1731:1741 arg1 The 1727:1729 The 1727:1729 The 1727:1729 The information and data presented are the first step toward the development of a broadly protective vaccine against sepsis-causing E. coli strains. 26707217 4 69 theme glucosamine 945:955 arg1 glucosamine 945:955 (non-acetylated) glucosamine 928:955 (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) 928:1010 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 4 69 theme glucosamine 945:955 arg1 monomers 916:923 9 monomers 914:923 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) 914:1010 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 5 70 theme sepsis 1300:1305 arg1 challenges 1307:1316 lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges 1278:1316 lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges 1278:1316 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 6 71 theme passive 1329:1335 arg1 immunization 1337:1348 passive immunization 1329:1348 passive immunization against these four antigens 1329:1376 Moreover, passive immunization against these four antigens resulted in significant reductions of bacteria in internal organs and blood of the mice, especially when the challenge strain was grown in iron-restricted media. 26707217 0 72 theme vaccine 6:12 arg1 combinations 22:33 Novel vaccine antigen combinations 0:33 Novel vaccine antigen combinations 0:33 Novel vaccine antigen combinations elicit protective immune responses against Escherichia coli sepsis. 26707217 8 73 theme broadly 1809:1815 arg1 vaccine 1828:1834 a broadly protective vaccine 1807:1834 a broadly protective vaccine against sepsis-causing E. coli strains 1807:1873 The information and data presented are the first step toward the development of a broadly protective vaccine against sepsis-causing E. coli strains. 26707217 4 74 contain containing 903:912 arg1 poly-N-acetylglucosamine 870:893 β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine 855:893 β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) 855:1010 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 4 74 contain containing 903:912 arg1 polysaccharide 839:852 a conserved surface polysaccharide 819:852 a conserved surface polysaccharide 819:852 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 4 74 contain containing 903:912 arg2 monomers 916:923 9 monomers 914:923 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) 914:1010 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 4 74 contain containing 903:912 arg2 glucosamine 945:955 (non-acetylated) glucosamine 928:955 (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) 928:1010 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 4 74 contain containing 903:912 arg1 dPNAG 896:900 dPNAG 896:900 dPNAG 896:900 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 8 75 theme vaccine 1828:1834 arg1 development 1792:1802 the development 1788:1802 the development of a broadly protective vaccine against sepsis-causing E. coli strains 1788:1873 The information and data presented are the first step toward the development of a broadly protective vaccine against sepsis-causing E. coli strains. 26707217 0 76 dep Escherichia 78:88 arg1 coli 90:93 coli 90:93 coli 90:93 Novel vaccine antigen combinations elicit protective immune responses against Escherichia coli sepsis. 26707217 5 77 with immunization 1065:1076 arg1 EcpA 1112:1115 EcpA 1112:1115 EcpA 1112:1115 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 5 77 with immunization 1065:1076 arg1 IutA 1124:1127 IutA 1124:1127 IutA 1124:1127 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 5 77 with immunization 1065:1076 arg1 antigens 1103:1110 recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN 1091:1136 recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN 1091:1136 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 5 77 with immunization 1065:1076 arg1 EcpD 1118:1121 EcpD 1118:1121 EcpD 1118:1121 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 5 77 with immunization 1065:1076 arg1 IroN 1133:1136 IroN 1133:1136 IroN 1133:1136 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 2 78 theme strains 397:403 arg1 emergence 413:421 the emergence 409:421 the emergence of antibiotic resistance 409:446 The management of ExPEC infections has been complicated by the heterogeneity of ExPEC strains and the emergence of antibiotic resistance, thus their prevention through vaccination would be beneficial. 26707217 2 78 theme strains 397:403 arg1 heterogeneity 374:386 the heterogeneity 370:386 the heterogeneity of ExPEC strains 370:403 The management of ExPEC infections has been complicated by the heterogeneity of ExPEC strains and the emergence of antibiotic resistance, thus their prevention through vaccination would be beneficial. 26707217 0 79 theme protective 42:51 arg1 responses 60:68 protective immune responses 42:68 protective immune responses 42:68 Novel vaccine antigen combinations elicit protective immune responses against Escherichia coli sepsis. 26707217 5 80 theme IgG 1168:1170 arg1 isotypes 1195:1202 total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes 1162:1202 total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes 1162:1202 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 7 81 theme challenge 1650:1658 arg1 bacteria 1660:1667 the challenge bacteria 1646:1667 the challenge bacteria 1646:1667 Inclusion of antibodies to PNAG increased the efficacy of the passive immunization under conditions where the challenge bacteria were grown in LB medium but not in iron-restricted media. 26707217 4 82 theme conserved 821:829 arg1 poly-N-acetylglucosamine 870:893 β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine 855:893 β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) 855:1010 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 4 82 theme conserved 821:829 arg1 polysaccharide 839:852 a conserved surface polysaccharide 819:852 a conserved surface polysaccharide 819:852 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 2 83 theme antibiotic 426:435 arg1 resistance 437:446 antibiotic resistance 426:446 antibiotic resistance 426:446 The management of ExPEC infections has been complicated by the heterogeneity of ExPEC strains and the emergence of antibiotic resistance, thus their prevention through vaccination would be beneficial. 26707217 6 84 theme significant 1390:1400 arg1 reductions 1402:1411 significant reductions 1390:1411 significant reductions of bacteria in internal organs and blood of the mice 1390:1464 Moreover, passive immunization against these four antigens resulted in significant reductions of bacteria in internal organs and blood of the mice, especially when the challenge strain was grown in iron-restricted media. 26707217 2 85 theme ExPEC 391:395 arg1 strains 397:403 ExPEC strains 391:403 ExPEC strains 391:403 The management of ExPEC infections has been complicated by the heterogeneity of ExPEC strains and the emergence of antibiotic resistance, thus their prevention through vaccination would be beneficial. 26707217 4 86 theme polysaccharide 839:852 arg1 form 811:814 a synthetic form 799:814 a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) 799:1010 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 5 87 theme high 1147:1150 arg1 levels 1152:1157 high levels 1147:1157 high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes 1147:1202 Active immunization of mice with recombinant antigens EcpA, EcpD, IutA, or IroN elicited high levels of total IgG antibody of IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and were determined to be highly protective against E. coli infection in lethal and non-lethal sepsis challenges. 26707217 4 88 theme synthetic 801:809 arg1 form 811:814 a synthetic form 799:814 a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) 799:1010 Additionally, antibody raised to a synthetic form of a conserved surface polysaccharide, β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (dPNAG) containing 9 monomers of (non-acetylated) glucosamine (9GlcNH2) conjugated to tetanus toxoid TT (9GlcNH2-TT) was tested in passive immunization protocols. 26707217 3 89 theme protective 516:525 arg1 efficacy 527:534 The protective efficacy 512:534 The protective efficacy 512:534 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 3 90 theme lethal 719:724 arg1 models 748:753 lethal and non-lethal murine models 719:753 lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis 719:763 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 3 91 theme antigen 557:563 arg1 candidates 565:574 four common ExPEC antigen candidates 539:574 four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN 539:661 The protective efficacy of four common ExPEC antigen candidates composed of common pilus antigens EcpA and EcpD and iron uptake proteins IutA and IroN, were tested by both active and passive immunization in lethal and non-lethal murine models of sepsis. 26707217 1 92 theme major 262:266 arg1 causes 268:273 major causes 262:273 major causes of nosocomial infections worldwide 262:308 Systemic infections caused by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) have emerged as the most common community-onset bacterial infections and are major causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. 28010038 6 0 theme co-IP 1284:1288 arg1 experiments 1290:1300 co-IP experiments 1284:1300 co-IP experiments 1284:1300 Consistent with this result, co-IP experiments showed that GpsB complexes with EzrA, StkP, PBP2a, PBP2b and MreC in pneumococcal cells. 28010038 2 1 theme StkP 630:633 arg1 localization 635:646 StkP localization 630:646 StkP localization 630:646 We report that ΔdivIVA mutations are not epistatic to ΔgpsB division-protein mutations in progenitor D39 and related genetic backgrounds; nor is GpsB required for StkP localization or FDAA labeling at septal division rings. 28010038 5 2 theme PBP2a 1239:1243 arg1 activity 1245:1252 PBP2a activity 1239:1252 PBP2a activity 1239:1252 Moreover, ΔgpsB mutations are synthetically lethal with Δpbp1a, but not Δpbp2a or Δpbp1b mutations, suggesting GpsB activation of PBP2a activity. 28010038 2 3 theme related 576:582 arg1 backgrounds 592:602 related genetic backgrounds 576:602 related genetic backgrounds 576:602 We report that ΔdivIVA mutations are not epistatic to ΔgpsB division-protein mutations in progenitor D39 and related genetic backgrounds; nor is GpsB required for StkP localization or FDAA labeling at septal division rings. 28010038 8 4 theme PG 1542:1543 arg1 synthesis 1545:1553 peripheral PG synthesis 1531:1553 peripheral PG synthesis 1531:1553 These results support a model in which GpsB negatively regulates peripheral PG synthesis by PBP2b and positively regulates septal ring closure through its interactions with StkP-PBP2x. 28010038 6 5 theme pneumococcal 1371:1382 arg1 cells 1384:1388 pneumococcal cells 1371:1388 pneumococcal cells 1371:1388 Consistent with this result, co-IP experiments showed that GpsB complexes with EzrA, StkP, PBP2a, PBP2b and MreC in pneumococcal cells. 28010038 1 6 theme GpsB 203:206 arg1 kinase 244:249 StkP protein kinase 231:249 StkP protein kinase 231:249 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 1 6 theme GpsB 203:206 arg1 switches 283:290 molecular switches 273:290 molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) 273:414 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 1 6 theme GpsB 203:206 arg1 protein 219:225 GpsB regulatory protein 203:225 GpsB regulatory protein 203:225 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 3 7 theme phosphatase 890:900 arg1 inactivation 861:872 inactivation 861:872 inactivation of PhpP protein phosphatase, which concomitantly restores protein phosphorylation levels 861:961 However, we confirm that reduction of GpsB amount leads to decreased protein phosphorylation by StkP and report that the essentiality of ΔgpsB mutations is suppressed by inactivation of PhpP protein phosphatase, which concomitantly restores protein phosphorylation levels. 28010038 5 8 theme activity 1245:1252 arg1 activation 1225:1234 GpsB activation 1220:1234 GpsB activation of PBP2a activity 1220:1252 Moreover, ΔgpsB mutations are synthetically lethal with Δpbp1a, but not Δpbp2a or Δpbp1b mutations, suggesting GpsB activation of PBP2a activity. 28010038 0 9 theme phosphorylation 110:124 arg1 interactions 157:168 protein phosphorylation and penicillin-binding protein interactions 102:168 protein phosphorylation and penicillin-binding protein interactions 102:168 Suppression and synthetic-lethal genetic relationships of ΔgpsB mutations indicate that GpsB mediates protein phosphorylation and penicillin-binding protein interactions in Streptococcus pneumoniae D39. 28010038 8 10 theme peripheral 1531:1540 arg1 synthesis 1545:1553 peripheral PG synthesis 1531:1553 peripheral PG synthesis 1531:1553 These results support a model in which GpsB negatively regulates peripheral PG synthesis by PBP2b and positively regulates septal ring closure through its interactions with StkP-PBP2x. 28010038 2 11 theme division 675:682 arg1 rings 684:688 septal division rings 668:688 septal division rings 668:688 We report that ΔdivIVA mutations are not epistatic to ΔgpsB division-protein mutations in progenitor D39 and related genetic backgrounds; nor is GpsB required for StkP localization or FDAA labeling at septal division rings. 28010038 3 12 theme mutations 834:842 arg1 essentiality 812:823 the essentiality 808:823 the essentiality of ΔgpsB mutations 808:842 However, we confirm that reduction of GpsB amount leads to decreased protein phosphorylation by StkP and report that the essentiality of ΔgpsB mutations is suppressed by inactivation of PhpP protein phosphatase, which concomitantly restores protein phosphorylation levels. 28010038 0 13 theme protein 102:108 arg1 phosphorylation 110:124 protein phosphorylation 102:124 protein phosphorylation 102:124 Suppression and synthetic-lethal genetic relationships of ΔgpsB mutations indicate that GpsB mediates protein phosphorylation and penicillin-binding protein interactions in Streptococcus pneumoniae D39. 28010038 6 14 theme GpsB 1314:1317 arg1 complexes 1319:1327 GpsB complexes 1314:1327 GpsB complexes with EzrA, StkP, PBP2a, PBP2b and MreC in pneumococcal cells 1314:1388 Consistent with this result, co-IP experiments showed that GpsB complexes with EzrA, StkP, PBP2a, PBP2b and MreC in pneumococcal cells. 28010038 2 15 theme septal 668:673 arg1 rings 684:688 septal division rings 668:688 septal division rings 668:688 We report that ΔdivIVA mutations are not epistatic to ΔgpsB division-protein mutations in progenitor D39 and related genetic backgrounds; nor is GpsB required for StkP localization or FDAA labeling at septal division rings. 28010038 3 16 theme phosphorylation 940:954 arg1 levels 956:961 protein phosphorylation levels 932:961 protein phosphorylation levels 932:961 However, we confirm that reduction of GpsB amount leads to decreased protein phosphorylation by StkP and report that the essentiality of ΔgpsB mutations is suppressed by inactivation of PhpP protein phosphatase, which concomitantly restores protein phosphorylation levels. 28010038 8 17 theme septal 1589:1594 arg1 closure 1601:1607 septal ring closure 1589:1607 septal ring closure 1589:1607 These results support a model in which GpsB negatively regulates peripheral PG synthesis by PBP2b and positively regulates septal ring closure through its interactions with StkP-PBP2x. 28010038 0 18 theme penicillin-binding 130:147 arg1 protein 149:155 penicillin-binding protein 130:155 penicillin-binding protein 130:155 Suppression and synthetic-lethal genetic relationships of ΔgpsB mutations indicate that GpsB mediates protein phosphorylation and penicillin-binding protein interactions in Streptococcus pneumoniae D39. 28010038 6 19 dep showed 1302:1307 arg1 complexes 1319:1327 GpsB complexes 1314:1327 GpsB complexes with EzrA, StkP, PBP2a, PBP2b and MreC in pneumococcal cells 1314:1388 Consistent with this result, co-IP experiments showed that GpsB complexes with EzrA, StkP, PBP2a, PBP2b and MreC in pneumococcal cells. 28010038 1 20 theme regulatory 208:217 arg1 kinase 244:249 StkP protein kinase 231:249 StkP protein kinase 231:249 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 1 20 theme regulatory 208:217 arg1 switches 283:290 molecular switches 273:290 molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) 273:414 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 1 20 theme regulatory 208:217 arg1 protein 219:225 GpsB regulatory protein 203:225 GpsB regulatory protein 203:225 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 2 21 theme division-protein 527:542 arg1 mutations 544:552 ΔgpsB division-protein mutations 521:552 ΔgpsB division-protein mutations in progenitor D39 and related genetic backgrounds 521:602 We report that ΔdivIVA mutations are not epistatic to ΔgpsB division-protein mutations in progenitor D39 and related genetic backgrounds; nor is GpsB required for StkP localization or FDAA labeling at septal division rings. 28010038 3 22 theme GpsB 729:732 arg1 amount 734:739 GpsB amount 729:739 GpsB amount 729:739 However, we confirm that reduction of GpsB amount leads to decreased protein phosphorylation by StkP and report that the essentiality of ΔgpsB mutations is suppressed by inactivation of PhpP protein phosphatase, which concomitantly restores protein phosphorylation levels. 28010038 2 23 theme FDAA 651:654 arg1 labeling 656:663 FDAA labeling 651:663 FDAA labeling 651:663 We report that ΔdivIVA mutations are not epistatic to ΔgpsB division-protein mutations in progenitor D39 and related genetic backgrounds; nor is GpsB required for StkP localization or FDAA labeling at septal division rings. 28010038 7 24 theme septal 1450:1455 arg1 centers 1457:1463 septal centers 1450:1463 septal centers 1450:1463 Furthermore, depletion of GpsB prevents PBP2x migration to septal centers. 28010038 4 25 theme other 1003:1007 arg1 one 1041:1043 one 1041:1043 one that eliminates protein phosphorylation and may alter division 1041:1106 ΔgpsB mutations are also suppressed by other classes of mutations, including one that eliminates protein phosphorylation and may alter division. 28010038 4 25 theme other 1003:1007 arg1 classes 1009:1015 other classes 1003:1015 other classes 1003:1015 ΔgpsB mutations are also suppressed by other classes of mutations, including one that eliminates protein phosphorylation and may alter division. 28010038 3 26 theme amount 734:739 arg1 reduction 716:724 reduction 716:724 reduction of GpsB amount 716:739 However, we confirm that reduction of GpsB amount leads to decreased protein phosphorylation by StkP and report that the essentiality of ΔgpsB mutations is suppressed by inactivation of PhpP protein phosphatase, which concomitantly restores protein phosphorylation levels. 28010038 7 27 theme PBP2x 1431:1435 arg1 migration 1437:1445 PBP2x migration 1431:1445 PBP2x migration 1431:1445 Furthermore, depletion of GpsB prevents PBP2x migration to septal centers. 28010038 3 28 theme protein 932:938 arg1 levels 956:961 protein phosphorylation levels 932:961 protein phosphorylation levels 932:961 However, we confirm that reduction of GpsB amount leads to decreased protein phosphorylation by StkP and report that the essentiality of ΔgpsB mutations is suppressed by inactivation of PhpP protein phosphatase, which concomitantly restores protein phosphorylation levels. 28010038 4 29 theme protein 1061:1067 arg1 phosphorylation 1069:1083 protein phosphorylation 1061:1083 protein phosphorylation 1061:1083 ΔgpsB mutations are also suppressed by other classes of mutations, including one that eliminates protein phosphorylation and may alter division. 28010038 2 30 theme progenitor 557:566 arg1 D39 568:570 progenitor D39 557:570 progenitor D39 557:570 We report that ΔdivIVA mutations are not epistatic to ΔgpsB division-protein mutations in progenitor D39 and related genetic backgrounds; nor is GpsB required for StkP localization or FDAA labeling at septal division rings. 28010038 2 31 from mutations 544:552 arg1 D39 568:570 progenitor D39 557:570 progenitor D39 557:570 We report that ΔdivIVA mutations are not epistatic to ΔgpsB division-protein mutations in progenitor D39 and related genetic backgrounds; nor is GpsB required for StkP localization or FDAA labeling at septal division rings. 28010038 2 31 from mutations 544:552 arg1 backgrounds 592:602 related genetic backgrounds 576:602 related genetic backgrounds 576:602 We report that ΔdivIVA mutations are not epistatic to ΔgpsB division-protein mutations in progenitor D39 and related genetic backgrounds; nor is GpsB required for StkP localization or FDAA labeling at septal division rings. 28010038 1 32 theme StkP 231:234 arg1 kinase 244:249 StkP protein kinase 231:249 StkP protein kinase 231:249 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 1 32 theme StkP 231:234 arg1 switches 283:290 molecular switches 273:290 molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) 273:414 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 1 32 theme StkP 231:234 arg1 protein 219:225 GpsB regulatory protein 203:225 GpsB regulatory protein 203:225 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 1 33 from pneumoniae 390:399 arg1 septal 305:310 septal 305:310 septal 305:310 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 5 34 theme GpsB 1220:1223 arg1 activation 1225:1234 GpsB activation 1220:1234 GpsB activation of PBP2a activity 1220:1252 Moreover, ΔgpsB mutations are synthetically lethal with Δpbp1a, but not Δpbp2a or Δpbp1b mutations, suggesting GpsB activation of PBP2a activity. 28010038 1 35 from septal 305:310 arg1 pneumococcus 402:413 pneumococcus 402:413 pneumococcus 402:413 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 1 35 from septal 305:310 arg1 pneumoniae 390:399 Streptococcus pneumoniae 376:399 Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) 376:414 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 7 36 theme GpsB 1417:1420 arg1 depletion 1404:1412 depletion 1404:1412 depletion of GpsB 1404:1420 Furthermore, depletion of GpsB prevents PBP2x migration to septal centers. 28010038 1 37 theme protein 236:242 arg1 kinase 244:249 StkP protein kinase 231:249 StkP protein kinase 231:249 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 1 37 theme protein 236:242 arg1 switches 283:290 molecular switches 273:290 molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) 273:414 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 1 37 theme protein 236:242 arg1 protein 219:225 GpsB regulatory protein 203:225 GpsB regulatory protein 203:225 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 0 38 theme synthetic-lethal 16:31 arg1 relationships 41:53 synthetic-lethal genetic relationships 16:53 synthetic-lethal genetic relationships 16:53 Suppression and synthetic-lethal genetic relationships of ΔgpsB mutations indicate that GpsB mediates protein phosphorylation and penicillin-binding protein interactions in Streptococcus pneumoniae D39. 28010038 3 39 theme decreased 750:758 arg1 phosphorylation 768:782 decreased protein phosphorylation 750:782 decreased protein phosphorylation by StkP 750:790 However, we confirm that reduction of GpsB amount leads to decreased protein phosphorylation by StkP and report that the essentiality of ΔgpsB mutations is suppressed by inactivation of PhpP protein phosphatase, which concomitantly restores protein phosphorylation levels. 28010038 0 40 theme protein 149:155 arg1 interactions 157:168 protein phosphorylation and penicillin-binding protein interactions 102:168 protein phosphorylation and penicillin-binding protein interactions 102:168 Suppression and synthetic-lethal genetic relationships of ΔgpsB mutations indicate that GpsB mediates protein phosphorylation and penicillin-binding protein interactions in Streptococcus pneumoniae D39. 28010038 8 41 theme ring 1596:1599 arg1 closure 1601:1607 septal ring closure 1589:1607 septal ring closure 1589:1607 These results support a model in which GpsB negatively regulates peripheral PG synthesis by PBP2b and positively regulates septal ring closure through its interactions with StkP-PBP2x. 28010038 3 42 theme protein 760:766 arg1 phosphorylation 768:782 decreased protein phosphorylation 750:782 decreased protein phosphorylation by StkP 750:790 However, we confirm that reduction of GpsB amount leads to decreased protein phosphorylation by StkP and report that the essentiality of ΔgpsB mutations is suppressed by inactivation of PhpP protein phosphatase, which concomitantly restores protein phosphorylation levels. 28010038 0 43 theme Streptococcus 173:185 arg1 D39 198:200 Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 173:200 Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 173:200 Suppression and synthetic-lethal genetic relationships of ΔgpsB mutations indicate that GpsB mediates protein phosphorylation and penicillin-binding protein interactions in Streptococcus pneumoniae D39. 28010038 5 44 theme ΔgpsB 1119:1123 arg1 mutations 1125:1133 ΔgpsB mutations 1119:1133 ΔgpsB mutations 1119:1133 Moreover, ΔgpsB mutations are synthetically lethal with Δpbp1a, but not Δpbp2a or Δpbp1b mutations, suggesting GpsB activation of PBP2a activity. 28010038 6 45 with Consistent 1255:1264 arg1 result 1276:1281 this result 1271:1281 this result 1271:1281 Consistent with this result, co-IP experiments showed that GpsB complexes with EzrA, StkP, PBP2a, PBP2b and MreC in pneumococcal cells. 28010038 6 46 with complexes 1319:1327 arg1 StkP 1340:1343 StkP 1340:1343 StkP 1340:1343 Consistent with this result, co-IP experiments showed that GpsB complexes with EzrA, StkP, PBP2a, PBP2b and MreC in pneumococcal cells. 28010038 6 46 with complexes 1319:1327 arg1 PBP2b 1353:1357 PBP2b 1353:1357 PBP2b 1353:1357 Consistent with this result, co-IP experiments showed that GpsB complexes with EzrA, StkP, PBP2a, PBP2b and MreC in pneumococcal cells. 28010038 6 46 with complexes 1319:1327 arg1 PBP2a 1346:1350 PBP2a 1346:1350 PBP2a 1346:1350 Consistent with this result, co-IP experiments showed that GpsB complexes with EzrA, StkP, PBP2a, PBP2b and MreC in pneumococcal cells. 28010038 6 46 with complexes 1319:1327 arg1 EzrA 1334:1337 EzrA 1334:1337 EzrA 1334:1337 Consistent with this result, co-IP experiments showed that GpsB complexes with EzrA, StkP, PBP2a, PBP2b and MreC in pneumococcal cells. 28010038 6 46 with complexes 1319:1327 arg1 MreC 1363:1366 MreC 1363:1366 MreC 1363:1366 Consistent with this result, co-IP experiments showed that GpsB complexes with EzrA, StkP, PBP2a, PBP2b and MreC in pneumococcal cells. 28010038 4 47 theme mutations 1020:1028 arg1 one 1041:1043 one 1041:1043 one that eliminates protein phosphorylation and may alter division 1041:1106 ΔgpsB mutations are also suppressed by other classes of mutations, including one that eliminates protein phosphorylation and may alter division. 28010038 4 47 theme mutations 1020:1028 arg1 classes 1009:1015 other classes 1003:1015 other classes 1003:1015 ΔgpsB mutations are also suppressed by other classes of mutations, including one that eliminates protein phosphorylation and may alter division. 28010038 1 48 dep proposed 261:268 arg1 remain 451:456 remain 451:456 remain unknown 451:464 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 0 49 theme genetic 33:39 arg1 relationships 41:53 synthetic-lethal genetic relationships 16:53 synthetic-lethal genetic relationships 16:53 Suppression and synthetic-lethal genetic relationships of ΔgpsB mutations indicate that GpsB mediates protein phosphorylation and penicillin-binding protein interactions in Streptococcus pneumoniae D39. 28010038 0 50 theme mutations 64:72 arg1 Suppression 0:10 Suppression 0:10 Suppression 0:10 Suppression and synthetic-lethal genetic relationships of ΔgpsB mutations indicate that GpsB mediates protein phosphorylation and penicillin-binding protein interactions in Streptococcus pneumoniae D39. 28010038 0 50 theme mutations 64:72 arg1 relationships 41:53 synthetic-lethal genetic relationships 16:53 synthetic-lethal genetic relationships 16:53 Suppression and synthetic-lethal genetic relationships of ΔgpsB mutations indicate that GpsB mediates protein phosphorylation and penicillin-binding protein interactions in Streptococcus pneumoniae D39. 28010038 1 51 theme peptidoglycan 344:356 arg1 synthesis 363:371 peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis 344:371 balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) 297:414 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 0 52 theme ΔgpsB 58:62 arg1 mutations 64:72 ΔgpsB mutations 58:72 ΔgpsB mutations 58:72 Suppression and synthetic-lethal genetic relationships of ΔgpsB mutations indicate that GpsB mediates protein phosphorylation and penicillin-binding protein interactions in Streptococcus pneumoniae D39. 28010038 6 53 from PBP2a 1346:1350 arg1 cells 1384:1388 pneumococcal cells 1371:1388 pneumococcal cells 1371:1388 Consistent with this result, co-IP experiments showed that GpsB complexes with EzrA, StkP, PBP2a, PBP2b and MreC in pneumococcal cells. 28010038 2 54 theme genetic 584:590 arg1 backgrounds 592:602 related genetic backgrounds 576:602 related genetic backgrounds 576:602 We report that ΔdivIVA mutations are not epistatic to ΔgpsB division-protein mutations in progenitor D39 and related genetic backgrounds; nor is GpsB required for StkP localization or FDAA labeling at septal division rings. 28010038 1 55 dep septal 305:310 arg1 side-wall 328:336 side-wall 328:336 side-wall like 328:341 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 1 55 dep septal 305:310 arg1 synthesis 363:371 peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis 344:371 balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) 297:414 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 3 56 theme PhpP 877:880 arg1 phosphatase 890:900 PhpP protein phosphatase 877:900 PhpP protein phosphatase 877:900 However, we confirm that reduction of GpsB amount leads to decreased protein phosphorylation by StkP and report that the essentiality of ΔgpsB mutations is suppressed by inactivation of PhpP protein phosphatase, which concomitantly restores protein phosphorylation levels. 28010038 1 57 theme PG 359:360 arg1 synthesis 363:371 peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis 344:371 balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) 297:414 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 8 58 with interactions 1621:1632 arg1 StkP-PBP2x 1639:1648 StkP-PBP2x 1639:1648 StkP-PBP2x 1639:1648 These results support a model in which GpsB negatively regulates peripheral PG synthesis by PBP2b and positively regulates septal ring closure through its interactions with StkP-PBP2x. 28010038 2 59 from rings 684:688 arg1 localization 635:646 StkP localization 630:646 StkP localization 630:646 We report that ΔdivIVA mutations are not epistatic to ΔgpsB division-protein mutations in progenitor D39 and related genetic backgrounds; nor is GpsB required for StkP localization or FDAA labeling at septal division rings. 28010038 2 59 from rings 684:688 arg1 labeling 656:663 FDAA labeling 651:663 FDAA labeling 651:663 We report that ΔdivIVA mutations are not epistatic to ΔgpsB division-protein mutations in progenitor D39 and related genetic backgrounds; nor is GpsB required for StkP localization or FDAA labeling at septal division rings. 28010038 3 60 theme protein 882:888 arg1 phosphatase 890:900 PhpP protein phosphatase 877:900 PhpP protein phosphatase 877:900 However, we confirm that reduction of GpsB amount leads to decreased protein phosphorylation by StkP and report that the essentiality of ΔgpsB mutations is suppressed by inactivation of PhpP protein phosphatase, which concomitantly restores protein phosphorylation levels. 28010038 1 61 theme switching 441:449 arg1 mechanisms 422:431 mechanisms 422:431 mechanisms of this switching 422:449 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 3 62 theme ΔgpsB 828:832 arg1 mutations 834:842 ΔgpsB mutations 828:842 ΔgpsB mutations 828:842 However, we confirm that reduction of GpsB amount leads to decreased protein phosphorylation by StkP and report that the essentiality of ΔgpsB mutations is suppressed by inactivation of PhpP protein phosphatase, which concomitantly restores protein phosphorylation levels. 28010038 2 63 theme ΔgpsB 521:525 arg1 mutations 544:552 ΔgpsB division-protein mutations 521:552 ΔgpsB division-protein mutations in progenitor D39 and related genetic backgrounds 521:602 We report that ΔdivIVA mutations are not epistatic to ΔgpsB division-protein mutations in progenitor D39 and related genetic backgrounds; nor is GpsB required for StkP localization or FDAA labeling at septal division rings. 28010038 4 64 theme ΔgpsB 964:968 arg1 mutations 970:978 ΔgpsB mutations 964:978 ΔgpsB mutations 964:978 ΔgpsB mutations are also suppressed by other classes of mutations, including one that eliminates protein phosphorylation and may alter division. 28010038 0 65 dep Streptococcus 173:185 arg1 pneumoniae 187:196 pneumoniae 187:196 pneumoniae 187:196 Suppression and synthetic-lethal genetic relationships of ΔgpsB mutations indicate that GpsB mediates protein phosphorylation and penicillin-binding protein interactions in Streptococcus pneumoniae D39. 28010038 5 66 with lethal 1153:1158 arg1 mutations 1198:1206 Δpbp1b mutations 1191:1206 Δpbp1b mutations 1191:1206 Moreover, ΔgpsB mutations are synthetically lethal with Δpbp1a, but not Δpbp2a or Δpbp1b mutations, suggesting GpsB activation of PBP2a activity. 28010038 5 66 with lethal 1153:1158 arg1 Δpbp1a 1165:1170 Δpbp1a 1165:1170 Δpbp1a 1165:1170 Moreover, ΔgpsB mutations are synthetically lethal with Δpbp1a, but not Δpbp2a or Δpbp1b mutations, suggesting GpsB activation of PBP2a activity. 28010038 5 66 with lethal 1153:1158 arg1 Δpbp2a 1181:1186 Δpbp2a 1181:1186 Δpbp2a 1181:1186 Moreover, ΔgpsB mutations are synthetically lethal with Δpbp1a, but not Δpbp2a or Δpbp1b mutations, suggesting GpsB activation of PBP2a activity. 28010038 1 67 theme molecular 273:281 arg1 kinase 244:249 StkP protein kinase 231:249 StkP protein kinase 231:249 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 1 67 theme molecular 273:281 arg1 switches 283:290 molecular switches 273:290 molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) 273:414 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 1 67 theme molecular 273:281 arg1 protein 219:225 GpsB regulatory protein 203:225 GpsB regulatory protein 203:225 GpsB regulatory protein and StkP protein kinase have been proposed as molecular switches that balance septal and peripheral (side-wall like) peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); yet, mechanisms of this switching remain unknown. 28010038 2 68 theme ΔdivIVA 482:488 arg1 mutations 490:498 ΔdivIVA mutations 482:498 ΔdivIVA mutations 482:498 We report that ΔdivIVA mutations are not epistatic to ΔgpsB division-protein mutations in progenitor D39 and related genetic backgrounds; nor is GpsB required for StkP localization or FDAA labeling at septal division rings. 28010038 5 69 theme Δpbp1b 1191:1196 arg1 mutations 1198:1206 Δpbp1b mutations 1191:1206 Δpbp1b mutations 1191:1206 Moreover, ΔgpsB mutations are synthetically lethal with Δpbp1a, but not Δpbp2a or Δpbp1b mutations, suggesting GpsB activation of PBP2a activity. 26600496 9 0 theme type 1726:1729 arg1 fibers 1733:1738 type I fibers 1726:1738 type I fibers 1726:1738 Overall, muscles used frequently in exercise had a higher proportion of type I fibers. 26600496 1 1 theme muscle 408:413 arg1 tissues 415:421 different muscle tissues 398:421 different muscle tissues 398:421 The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition, glycolytic potential, mitochondrial content, and gene expression related to energy metabolism were analyzed in eight muscles from Tibetan pigs, to study how meat quality develops in different muscle tissues. 26600496 1 2 theme mitochondrial 238:250 arg1 content 252:258 mitochondrial content 238:258 mitochondrial content 238:258 The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition, glycolytic potential, mitochondrial content, and gene expression related to energy metabolism were analyzed in eight muscles from Tibetan pigs, to study how meat quality develops in different muscle tissues. 26600496 2 3 theme longissimus 628:638 arg1 dorsi 640:644 longissimus dorsi 628:644 longissimus dorsi 628:644 The muscles were classified into three clusters, based on MyHC composition: masseter, trapezius, and latissimus dorsi as 'slow-oxidative-type'; psoas major and semimembranosus as 'intermediate-type'; and longissimus dorsi, obliquus externus abdominis, and semitendinosus as 'fast-glycolytic-type'. 26600496 9 4 theme fibers 1733:1738 arg1 proportion 1712:1721 a higher proportion 1703:1721 a higher proportion of type I fibers 1703:1738 Overall, muscles used frequently in exercise had a higher proportion of type I fibers. 26600496 2 5 theme major 574:578 arg1 psoas 568:572 psoas 568:572 psoas major 568:578 The muscles were classified into three clusters, based on MyHC composition: masseter, trapezius, and latissimus dorsi as 'slow-oxidative-type'; psoas major and semimembranosus as 'intermediate-type'; and longissimus dorsi, obliquus externus abdominis, and semitendinosus as 'fast-glycolytic-type'. 26600496 3 6 theme highest 922:928 arg1 content 939:945 the highest MyHC IIb content 918:945 the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01) 918:956 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 6 theme highest 922:928 arg1 < 950:950 P < 0.01 948:955 P < 0.01 948:955 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 6 theme highest 922:928 arg1 I 777:777 the highest MyHC I 760:777 the highest MyHC I 760:777 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 1 7 theme heavy 184:188 arg1 MyHC 197:200 MyHC 197:200 MyHC 197:200 The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition, glycolytic potential, mitochondrial content, and gene expression related to energy metabolism were analyzed in eight muscles from Tibetan pigs, to study how meat quality develops in different muscle tissues. 26600496 1 7 theme heavy 184:188 arg1 chain 190:194 The myosin heavy chain 173:194 The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition 173:213 The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition, glycolytic potential, mitochondrial content, and gene expression related to energy metabolism were analyzed in eight muscles from Tibetan pigs, to study how meat quality develops in different muscle tissues. 26600496 0 8 with traits 70:75 arg1 expression 161:170 glycolysis-related gene expression 137:170 glycolysis-related gene expression 137:170 Effects of muscle fiber type on glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles and their association with glycolysis-related gene expression. 26600496 10 9 theme I 1785:1785 arg1 fibers 1787:1792 type I fibers 1780:1792 type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents 1780:1858 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 8 10 theme mitochondrial 1573:1585 arg1 content 1587:1593 mitochondrial content 1573:1593 mitochondrial content 1573:1593 MyHC I and mitochondrial content were both negatively correlated with glycolytic potential. 26600496 10 11 theme glycolytic 1909:1918 arg1 capacity 1920:1927 lower glycolytic capacity 1903:1927 lower glycolytic capacity 1903:1927 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 4 12 theme pH 963:964 arg1 higher 1020:1025 higher 1020:1025 higher 1020:1025 The pH values measured in 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles were higher than those in the other clusters were; however, the color of 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles was palest (P < 0.01). 26600496 4 12 theme pH 963:964 arg1 values 966:971 The pH values 959:971 The pH values measured in 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles 959:1013 The pH values measured in 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles were higher than those in the other clusters were; however, the color of 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles was palest (P < 0.01). 26600496 10 13 theme lower 1824:1828 arg1 glycogen 1830:1837 higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents 1799:1858 glycogen 1830:1837 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 3 14 theme slow-oxidative-type 727:745 arg1 muscles 748:754 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles 722:754 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles 722:754 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 6 15 theme slow-oxidative-type 1260:1278 arg1 muscles 1281:1287 the 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles 1255:1287 the 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles 1255:1287 In the 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles, the expression levels of genes related to ATP synthesis were higher, but were lower for those related to glycogen synthesis and glycolysis. 26600496 2 16 theme externus 656:663 arg1 abdominis 665:673 obliquus externus abdominis 647:673 obliquus externus abdominis 647:673 The muscles were classified into three clusters, based on MyHC composition: masseter, trapezius, and latissimus dorsi as 'slow-oxidative-type'; psoas major and semimembranosus as 'intermediate-type'; and longissimus dorsi, obliquus externus abdominis, and semitendinosus as 'fast-glycolytic-type'. 26600496 10 17 theme mitochondrial 1806:1818 arg1 glycogen 1830:1837 higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents 1799:1858 glycogen 1830:1837 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 4 18 theme other 1045:1049 arg1 clusters 1051:1058 the other clusters 1041:1058 the other clusters were 1041:1063 The pH values measured in 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles were higher than those in the other clusters were; however, the color of 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles was palest (P < 0.01). 26600496 7 19 theme Mitochondrial 1430:1442 arg1 content 1444:1450 Mitochondrial content 1430:1450 Mitochondrial content 1430:1450 Mitochondrial content was significantly positively correlated with MyHC I content, but negatively correlated with MyHC IIb content. 26600496 2 20 theme latissimus 525:534 arg1 dorsi 536:540 latissimus dorsi 525:540 latissimus dorsi 525:540 The muscles were classified into three clusters, based on MyHC composition: masseter, trapezius, and latissimus dorsi as 'slow-oxidative-type'; psoas major and semimembranosus as 'intermediate-type'; and longissimus dorsi, obliquus externus abdominis, and semitendinosus as 'fast-glycolytic-type'. 26600496 0 21 theme gene 156:159 arg1 expression 161:170 glycolysis-related gene expression 137:170 glycolysis-related gene expression 137:170 Effects of muscle fiber type on glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles and their association with glycolysis-related gene expression. 26600496 3 22 theme IIA 788:790 arg1 content 792:798 MyHC IIA content 783:798 MyHC IIA content 783:798 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 10 23 theme lower 1903:1907 arg1 capacity 1920:1927 lower glycolytic capacity 1903:1927 lower glycolytic capacity 1903:1927 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 10 24 theme higher 1867:1872 arg1 efficiency 1888:1897 a higher ATP synthesis efficiency 1865:1897 a higher ATP synthesis efficiency 1865:1897 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 0 25 theme quality 62:68 arg1 traits 70:75 glycolytic potential and meat quality traits 32:75 glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles 32:108 Effects of muscle fiber type on glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles and their association with glycolysis-related gene expression. 26600496 7 26 theme MyHC 1544:1547 arg1 content 1553:1559 MyHC IIb content 1544:1559 MyHC IIb content 1544:1559 Mitochondrial content was significantly positively correlated with MyHC I content, but negatively correlated with MyHC IIb content. 26600496 0 27 from Effects 0:6 arg1 association 120:130 their association 114:130 their association with glycolysis-related gene expression 114:170 Effects of muscle fiber type on glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles and their association with glycolysis-related gene expression. 26600496 0 27 from Effects 0:6 arg1 traits 70:75 glycolytic potential and meat quality traits 32:75 glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles 32:108 Effects of muscle fiber type on glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles and their association with glycolysis-related gene expression. 26600496 3 28 theme MyHC 772:775 arg1 content 939:945 the highest MyHC IIb content 918:945 the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01) 918:956 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 28 theme MyHC 772:775 arg1 I 777:777 the highest MyHC I 760:777 the highest MyHC I 760:777 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 28 theme MyHC 772:775 arg1 muscles 909:915 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles 886:915 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles 886:915 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 28 theme MyHC 772:775 arg1 < 803:803 P < 0.01 801:808 P < 0.01 801:808 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 28 theme MyHC 772:775 arg1 content 862:868 the highest MyHC IIx content 841:868 the highest MyHC IIx content 841:868 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 29 theme IIb 935:937 arg1 content 939:945 the highest MyHC IIb content 918:945 the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01) 918:956 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 29 theme IIb 935:937 arg1 < 950:950 P < 0.01 948:955 P < 0.01 948:955 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 29 theme IIb 935:937 arg1 I 777:777 the highest MyHC I 760:777 the highest MyHC I 760:777 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 2 30 theme MyHC 482:485 arg1 composition 487:497 MyHC composition 482:497 MyHC composition 482:497 The muscles were classified into three clusters, based on MyHC composition: masseter, trapezius, and latissimus dorsi as 'slow-oxidative-type'; psoas major and semimembranosus as 'intermediate-type'; and longissimus dorsi, obliquus externus abdominis, and semitendinosus as 'fast-glycolytic-type'. 26600496 5 31 theme Mitochondrial 1142:1154 arg1 content 1156:1162 Mitochondrial content 1142:1162 Mitochondrial content 1142:1162 Mitochondrial content increased in the order: fast-glycolytic-type < intermediate-type < slow-oxidative-type. 26600496 0 32 theme Tibetan 90:96 arg1 muscles 102:108 different Tibetan pig muscles 80:108 different Tibetan pig muscles 80:108 Effects of muscle fiber type on glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles and their association with glycolysis-related gene expression. 26600496 10 33 theme glucose 1843:1849 arg1 contents 1851:1858 higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents 1799:1858 contents 1851:1858 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 10 34 contain had 1861:1863 arg2 capacity 1920:1927 lower glycolytic capacity 1903:1927 lower glycolytic capacity 1903:1927 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 10 34 contain had 1861:1863 arg1 muscles 1763:1769 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles 1741:1769 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles 1741:1769 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 10 34 contain had 1861:1863 arg2 efficiency 1888:1897 a higher ATP synthesis efficiency 1865:1897 a higher ATP synthesis efficiency 1865:1897 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 10 35 theme rich 1772:1775 arg1 muscles 1763:1769 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles 1741:1769 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles 1741:1769 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 3 36 theme highest 845:851 arg1 I 777:777 the highest MyHC I 760:777 the highest MyHC I 760:777 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 36 theme highest 845:851 arg1 content 862:868 the highest MyHC IIx content 841:868 the highest MyHC IIx content 841:868 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 36 theme highest 845:851 arg1 < 873:873 P < 0.01 871:878 P < 0.01 871:878 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 0 37 theme muscle 11:16 arg1 type 24:27 muscle fiber type 11:27 muscle fiber type 11:27 Effects of muscle fiber type on glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles and their association with glycolysis-related gene expression. 26600496 7 38 theme MyHC 1497:1500 arg1 content 1504:1510 MyHC I content 1497:1510 MyHC I content 1497:1510 Mitochondrial content was significantly positively correlated with MyHC I content, but negatively correlated with MyHC IIb content. 26600496 4 39 theme muscles 1111:1117 arg1 palest 1123:1128 palest 1123:1128 palest (P < 0.01) 1123:1139 The pH values measured in 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles were higher than those in the other clusters were; however, the color of 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles was palest (P < 0.01). 26600496 4 39 theme muscles 1111:1117 arg1 color 1079:1083 the color 1075:1083 the color of 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles 1075:1117 The pH values measured in 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles were higher than those in the other clusters were; however, the color of 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles was palest (P < 0.01). 26600496 0 40 theme type 24:27 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of muscle fiber type on glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles and their association with glycolysis-related gene expression. 0:171 Effects of muscle fiber type on glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles and their association with glycolysis-related gene expression. 26600496 9 41 contain had 1699:1701 arg1 muscles 1663:1669 muscles 1663:1669 muscles used frequently in exercise 1663:1697 Overall, muscles used frequently in exercise had a higher proportion of type I fibers. 26600496 9 41 contain had 1699:1701 arg2 proportion 1712:1721 a higher proportion 1703:1721 a higher proportion of type I fibers 1703:1738 Overall, muscles used frequently in exercise had a higher proportion of type I fibers. 26600496 5 42 theme < 1209:1209 arg1 slow-oxidative-type 1231:1249 the order: fast-glycolytic-type < intermediate-type < slow-oxidative-type 1177:1249 the order: fast-glycolytic-type < intermediate-type < slow-oxidative-type 1177:1249 Mitochondrial content increased in the order: fast-glycolytic-type < intermediate-type < slow-oxidative-type. 26600496 0 43 theme glycolytic 32:41 arg1 traits 70:75 glycolytic potential and meat quality traits 32:75 glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles 32:108 Effects of muscle fiber type on glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles and their association with glycolysis-related gene expression. 26600496 3 44 theme IIx 858:860 arg1 I 777:777 the highest MyHC I 760:777 the highest MyHC I 760:777 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 44 theme IIx 858:860 arg1 content 862:868 the highest MyHC IIx content 841:868 the highest MyHC IIx content 841:868 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 44 theme IIx 858:860 arg1 < 873:873 P < 0.01 871:878 P < 0.01 871:878 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 45 contain had 756:758 arg2 I 777:777 the highest MyHC I 760:777 the highest MyHC I 760:777 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 45 contain had 756:758 arg2 < 803:803 P < 0.01 801:808 P < 0.01 801:808 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 45 contain had 756:758 arg2 content 862:868 the highest MyHC IIx content 841:868 the highest MyHC IIx content 841:868 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 45 contain had 756:758 arg2 content 792:798 MyHC IIA content 783:798 MyHC IIA content 783:798 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 45 contain had 756:758 arg1 muscles 748:754 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles 722:754 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles 722:754 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 45 contain had 756:758 arg2 muscles 909:915 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles 886:915 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles 886:915 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 45 contain had 756:758 arg2 content 939:945 the highest MyHC IIb content 918:945 the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01) 918:956 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 5 46 theme < 1229:1229 arg1 slow-oxidative-type 1231:1249 the order: fast-glycolytic-type < intermediate-type < slow-oxidative-type 1177:1249 the order: fast-glycolytic-type < intermediate-type < slow-oxidative-type 1177:1249 Mitochondrial content increased in the order: fast-glycolytic-type < intermediate-type < slow-oxidative-type. 26600496 6 47 theme related 1321:1327 arg1 genes 1315:1319 genes 1315:1319 genes related to ATP synthesis 1315:1344 In the 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles, the expression levels of genes related to ATP synthesis were higher, but were lower for those related to glycogen synthesis and glycolysis. 26600496 9 48 theme higher 1705:1710 arg1 proportion 1712:1721 a higher proportion 1703:1721 a higher proportion of type I fibers 1703:1738 Overall, muscles used frequently in exercise had a higher proportion of type I fibers. 26600496 4 49 theme fast-glycolytic-type 1089:1108 arg1 muscles 1111:1117 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles 1088:1117 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles 1088:1117 The pH values measured in 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles were higher than those in the other clusters were; however, the color of 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles was palest (P < 0.01). 26600496 1 50 theme glycolytic 216:225 arg1 potential 227:235 glycolytic potential 216:235 glycolytic potential 216:235 The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition, glycolytic potential, mitochondrial content, and gene expression related to energy metabolism were analyzed in eight muscles from Tibetan pigs, to study how meat quality develops in different muscle tissues. 26600496 10 51 theme Slow-oxidative-type 1742:1760 arg1 muscles 1763:1769 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles 1741:1769 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles 1741:1769 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 6 52 theme expression 1294:1303 arg1 higher 1351:1356 higher 1351:1356 higher 1351:1356 In the 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles, the expression levels of genes related to ATP synthesis were higher, but were lower for those related to glycogen synthesis and glycolysis. 26600496 6 52 theme expression 1294:1303 arg1 levels 1305:1310 the expression levels 1290:1310 the expression levels of genes related to ATP synthesis 1290:1344 In the 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles, the expression levels of genes related to ATP synthesis were higher, but were lower for those related to glycogen synthesis and glycolysis. 26600496 6 52 theme expression 1294:1303 arg1 lower 1368:1372 lower 1368:1372 lower 1368:1372 In the 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles, the expression levels of genes related to ATP synthesis were higher, but were lower for those related to glycogen synthesis and glycolysis. 26600496 3 53 theme fast-glycolytic-type 887:906 arg1 I 777:777 the highest MyHC I 760:777 the highest MyHC I 760:777 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 53 theme fast-glycolytic-type 887:906 arg1 muscles 909:915 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles 886:915 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles 886:915 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 9 54 theme I 1731:1731 arg1 fibers 1733:1738 type I fibers 1726:1738 type I fibers 1726:1738 Overall, muscles used frequently in exercise had a higher proportion of type I fibers. 26600496 4 55 theme P 1131:1131 arg1 palest 1123:1128 palest 1123:1128 palest (P < 0.01) 1123:1139 The pH values measured in 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles were higher than those in the other clusters were; however, the color of 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles was palest (P < 0.01). 26600496 4 55 theme P 1131:1131 arg1 < 1133:1133 P < 0.01 1131:1138 P < 0.01 1131:1138 The pH values measured in 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles were higher than those in the other clusters were; however, the color of 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles was palest (P < 0.01). 26600496 4 56 theme slow-oxidative-type 986:1004 arg1 muscles 1007:1013 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles 985:1013 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles 985:1013 The pH values measured in 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles were higher than those in the other clusters were; however, the color of 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles was palest (P < 0.01). 26600496 1 57 theme myosin 177:182 arg1 MyHC 197:200 MyHC 197:200 MyHC 197:200 The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition, glycolytic potential, mitochondrial content, and gene expression related to energy metabolism were analyzed in eight muscles from Tibetan pigs, to study how meat quality develops in different muscle tissues. 26600496 1 57 theme myosin 177:182 arg1 chain 190:194 The myosin heavy chain 173:194 The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition 173:213 The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition, glycolytic potential, mitochondrial content, and gene expression related to energy metabolism were analyzed in eight muscles from Tibetan pigs, to study how meat quality develops in different muscle tissues. 26600496 8 58 theme MyHC 1562:1565 arg1 I 1567:1567 MyHC I 1562:1567 MyHC I 1562:1567 MyHC I and mitochondrial content were both negatively correlated with glycolytic potential. 26600496 1 59 theme chain 190:194 arg1 composition 203:213 The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition 173:213 The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition 173:213 The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition, glycolytic potential, mitochondrial content, and gene expression related to energy metabolism were analyzed in eight muscles from Tibetan pigs, to study how meat quality develops in different muscle tissues. 26600496 0 60 from traits 70:75 arg1 muscles 102:108 different Tibetan pig muscles 80:108 different Tibetan pig muscles 80:108 Effects of muscle fiber type on glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles and their association with glycolysis-related gene expression. 26600496 10 61 theme meat 1966:1969 arg1 quality 1971:1977 their superior meat quality 1951:1977 their superior meat quality 1951:1977 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 10 62 theme type 1780:1783 arg1 fibers 1787:1792 type I fibers 1780:1792 type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents 1780:1858 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 6 63 theme ATP 1332:1334 arg1 synthesis 1336:1344 ATP synthesis 1332:1344 ATP synthesis 1332:1344 In the 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles, the expression levels of genes related to ATP synthesis were higher, but were lower for those related to glycogen synthesis and glycolysis. 26600496 0 64 theme glycolysis-related 137:154 arg1 expression 161:170 glycolysis-related gene expression 137:170 glycolysis-related gene expression 137:170 Effects of muscle fiber type on glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles and their association with glycolysis-related gene expression. 26600496 1 65 theme meat 373:376 arg1 quality 378:384 meat quality 373:384 meat quality 373:384 The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition, glycolytic potential, mitochondrial content, and gene expression related to energy metabolism were analyzed in eight muscles from Tibetan pigs, to study how meat quality develops in different muscle tissues. 26600496 10 66 from rich 1772:1775 arg1 fibers 1787:1792 type I fibers 1780:1792 type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents 1780:1858 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 10 67 with fibers 1787:1792 arg1 glycogen 1830:1837 higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents 1799:1858 glycogen 1830:1837 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 10 67 with fibers 1787:1792 arg1 contents 1851:1858 higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents 1799:1858 contents 1851:1858 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 2 68 theme obliquus 647:654 arg1 abdominis 665:673 obliquus externus abdominis 647:673 obliquus externus abdominis 647:673 The muscles were classified into three clusters, based on MyHC composition: masseter, trapezius, and latissimus dorsi as 'slow-oxidative-type'; psoas major and semimembranosus as 'intermediate-type'; and longissimus dorsi, obliquus externus abdominis, and semitendinosus as 'fast-glycolytic-type'. 26600496 0 69 with association 120:130 arg1 expression 161:170 glycolysis-related gene expression 137:170 glycolysis-related gene expression 137:170 Effects of muscle fiber type on glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles and their association with glycolysis-related gene expression. 26600496 3 70 dep I 777:777 arg1 muscles 832:838 'intermediate-type' muscles 812:838 'intermediate-type' muscles 812:838 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 6 71 theme glycogen 1395:1402 arg1 synthesis 1404:1412 glycogen synthesis 1395:1412 glycogen synthesis 1395:1412 In the 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles, the expression levels of genes related to ATP synthesis were higher, but were lower for those related to glycogen synthesis and glycolysis. 26600496 3 72 theme P 801:801 arg1 I 777:777 the highest MyHC I 760:777 the highest MyHC I 760:777 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 72 theme P 801:801 arg1 < 803:803 P < 0.01 801:808 P < 0.01 801:808 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 73 theme highest 764:770 arg1 content 939:945 the highest MyHC IIb content 918:945 the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01) 918:956 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 73 theme highest 764:770 arg1 I 777:777 the highest MyHC I 760:777 the highest MyHC I 760:777 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 73 theme highest 764:770 arg1 muscles 909:915 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles 886:915 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles 886:915 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 73 theme highest 764:770 arg1 < 803:803 P < 0.01 801:808 P < 0.01 801:808 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 73 theme highest 764:770 arg1 content 862:868 the highest MyHC IIx content 841:868 the highest MyHC IIx content 841:868 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 0 74 theme meat 57:60 arg1 traits 70:75 glycolytic potential and meat quality traits 32:75 glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles 32:108 Effects of muscle fiber type on glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles and their association with glycolysis-related gene expression. 26600496 1 75 theme different 398:406 arg1 tissues 415:421 different muscle tissues 398:421 different muscle tissues 398:421 The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition, glycolytic potential, mitochondrial content, and gene expression related to energy metabolism were analyzed in eight muscles from Tibetan pigs, to study how meat quality develops in different muscle tissues. 26600496 10 76 dep mitochondrial 1806:1818 arg1 higher 1799:1804 higher 1799:1804 higher 1799:1804 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 8 77 theme glycolytic 1632:1641 arg1 potential 1643:1651 glycolytic potential 1632:1651 glycolytic potential 1632:1651 MyHC I and mitochondrial content were both negatively correlated with glycolytic potential. 26600496 10 78 from fibers 1787:1792 arg1 rich 1772:1775 rich 1772:1775 rich 1772:1775 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 3 79 theme MyHC 783:786 arg1 content 792:798 MyHC IIA content 783:798 MyHC IIA content 783:798 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 0 80 theme different 80:88 arg1 muscles 102:108 different Tibetan pig muscles 80:108 different Tibetan pig muscles 80:108 Effects of muscle fiber type on glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles and their association with glycolysis-related gene expression. 26600496 3 81 theme MyHC 930:933 arg1 content 939:945 the highest MyHC IIb content 918:945 the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01) 918:956 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 81 theme MyHC 930:933 arg1 < 950:950 P < 0.01 948:955 P < 0.01 948:955 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 81 theme MyHC 930:933 arg1 I 777:777 the highest MyHC I 760:777 the highest MyHC I 760:777 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 7 82 theme IIb 1549:1551 arg1 content 1553:1559 MyHC IIb content 1544:1559 MyHC IIb content 1544:1559 Mitochondrial content was significantly positively correlated with MyHC I content, but negatively correlated with MyHC IIb content. 26600496 0 83 theme pig 98:100 arg1 muscles 102:108 different Tibetan pig muscles 80:108 different Tibetan pig muscles 80:108 Effects of muscle fiber type on glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles and their association with glycolysis-related gene expression. 26600496 1 84 theme Tibetan 346:352 arg1 pigs 354:357 Tibetan pigs 346:357 Tibetan pigs 346:357 The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition, glycolytic potential, mitochondrial content, and gene expression related to energy metabolism were analyzed in eight muscles from Tibetan pigs, to study how meat quality develops in different muscle tissues. 26600496 10 85 theme synthesis 1878:1886 arg1 efficiency 1888:1897 a higher ATP synthesis efficiency 1865:1897 a higher ATP synthesis efficiency 1865:1897 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 1 86 from pigs 354:357 arg1 muscles 333:339 eight muscles 327:339 eight muscles from Tibetan pigs 327:357 The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition, glycolytic potential, mitochondrial content, and gene expression related to energy metabolism were analyzed in eight muscles from Tibetan pigs, to study how meat quality develops in different muscle tissues. 26600496 3 87 theme P 948:948 arg1 content 939:945 the highest MyHC IIb content 918:945 the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01) 918:956 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 87 theme P 948:948 arg1 < 950:950 P < 0.01 948:955 P < 0.01 948:955 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 88 theme intermediate-type 813:829 arg1 muscles 832:838 'intermediate-type' muscles 812:838 'intermediate-type' muscles 812:838 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 0 89 theme fiber 18:22 arg1 type 24:27 muscle fiber type 11:27 muscle fiber type 11:27 Effects of muscle fiber type on glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles and their association with glycolysis-related gene expression. 26600496 1 90 theme gene 265:268 arg1 expression 270:279 gene expression 265:279 gene expression related to energy metabolism 265:308 The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition, glycolytic potential, mitochondrial content, and gene expression related to energy metabolism were analyzed in eight muscles from Tibetan pigs, to study how meat quality develops in different muscle tissues. 26600496 3 91 theme MyHC 853:856 arg1 I 777:777 the highest MyHC I 760:777 the highest MyHC I 760:777 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 91 theme MyHC 853:856 arg1 content 862:868 the highest MyHC IIx content 841:868 the highest MyHC IIx content 841:868 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 91 theme MyHC 853:856 arg1 < 873:873 P < 0.01 871:878 P < 0.01 871:878 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 10 92 theme superior 1957:1964 arg1 quality 1971:1977 their superior meat quality 1951:1977 their superior meat quality 1951:1977 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 1 93 theme related 281:287 arg1 expression 270:279 gene expression 265:279 gene expression related to energy metabolism 265:308 The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition, glycolytic potential, mitochondrial content, and gene expression related to energy metabolism were analyzed in eight muscles from Tibetan pigs, to study how meat quality develops in different muscle tissues. 26600496 7 94 theme I 1502:1502 arg1 content 1504:1510 MyHC I content 1497:1510 MyHC I content 1497:1510 Mitochondrial content was significantly positively correlated with MyHC I content, but negatively correlated with MyHC IIb content. 26600496 5 95 theme fast-glycolytic-type 1188:1207 arg1 slow-oxidative-type 1231:1249 the order: fast-glycolytic-type < intermediate-type < slow-oxidative-type 1177:1249 the order: fast-glycolytic-type < intermediate-type < slow-oxidative-type 1177:1249 Mitochondrial content increased in the order: fast-glycolytic-type < intermediate-type < slow-oxidative-type. 26600496 0 96 theme potential 43:51 arg1 traits 70:75 glycolytic potential and meat quality traits 32:75 glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles 32:108 Effects of muscle fiber type on glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles and their association with glycolysis-related gene expression. 26600496 1 97 theme energy 292:297 arg1 metabolism 299:308 energy metabolism 292:308 energy metabolism 292:308 The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition, glycolytic potential, mitochondrial content, and gene expression related to energy metabolism were analyzed in eight muscles from Tibetan pigs, to study how meat quality develops in different muscle tissues. 26600496 10 98 dep had 1861:1863 arg1 contributed 1936:1946 contributed 1936:1946 contributed to their superior meat quality 1936:1977 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 3 99 theme P 871:871 arg1 content 862:868 the highest MyHC IIx content 841:868 the highest MyHC IIx content 841:868 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 3 99 theme P 871:871 arg1 < 873:873 P < 0.01 871:878 P < 0.01 871:878 The 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles had the highest MyHC I and MyHC IIA content (P < 0.01); 'intermediate-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIx content (P < 0.01); and 'fast-glycolytic-type' muscles, the highest MyHC IIb content (P < 0.01). 26600496 5 100 theme intermediate-type 1211:1227 arg1 slow-oxidative-type 1231:1249 the order: fast-glycolytic-type < intermediate-type < slow-oxidative-type 1177:1249 the order: fast-glycolytic-type < intermediate-type < slow-oxidative-type 1177:1249 Mitochondrial content increased in the order: fast-glycolytic-type < intermediate-type < slow-oxidative-type. 26600496 0 101 from association 120:130 arg1 muscles 102:108 different Tibetan pig muscles 80:108 different Tibetan pig muscles 80:108 Effects of muscle fiber type on glycolytic potential and meat quality traits in different Tibetan pig muscles and their association with glycolysis-related gene expression. 26600496 6 102 theme genes 1315:1319 arg1 higher 1351:1356 higher 1351:1356 higher 1351:1356 In the 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles, the expression levels of genes related to ATP synthesis were higher, but were lower for those related to glycogen synthesis and glycolysis. 26600496 6 102 theme genes 1315:1319 arg1 levels 1305:1310 the expression levels 1290:1310 the expression levels of genes related to ATP synthesis 1290:1344 In the 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles, the expression levels of genes related to ATP synthesis were higher, but were lower for those related to glycogen synthesis and glycolysis. 26600496 6 102 theme genes 1315:1319 arg1 lower 1368:1372 lower 1368:1372 lower 1368:1372 In the 'slow-oxidative-type' muscles, the expression levels of genes related to ATP synthesis were higher, but were lower for those related to glycogen synthesis and glycolysis. 26600496 10 103 theme ATP 1874:1876 arg1 efficiency 1888:1897 a higher ATP synthesis efficiency 1865:1897 a higher ATP synthesis efficiency 1865:1897 'Slow-oxidative-type' muscles, rich in type I fibers with higher mitochondrial and lower glycogen and glucose contents, had a higher ATP synthesis efficiency and lower glycolytic capacity, which contributed to their superior meat quality. 26600496 5 104 theme order 1181:1185 arg1 slow-oxidative-type 1231:1249 the order: fast-glycolytic-type < intermediate-type < slow-oxidative-type 1177:1249 the order: fast-glycolytic-type < intermediate-type < slow-oxidative-type 1177:1249 Mitochondrial content increased in the order: fast-glycolytic-type < intermediate-type < slow-oxidative-type. 29043221 6 0 theme shear 999:1003 arg1 analysis 1017:1024 Steady shear rheological analysis 992:1024 Steady shear rheological analysis 992:1024 Steady shear rheological analysis demonstrated that PAU showed higher psuedoplastic shear-thinning behavior compared to PAL. 29043221 0 1 theme Rheological 68:78 arg1 Properties 80:89 Rheological Properties 68:89 Rheological Properties 68:89 Effects of Extraction Methods on In Vitro Biological Capacities and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharides from Red Pepper Stems. 29043221 7 2 from properties 1169:1178 arg1 results 1130:1136 the results 1126:1136 the results from dynamic shear rheological properties 1126:1178 Based on the results from dynamic shear rheological properties, it was found that both samples had predominantly viscous behavior rather than elastic behavior. 29043221 1 3 theme study 154:158 arg1 purposes 137:144 The purposes 133:144 The purposes of this study 133:158 The purposes of this study were to produce polysaccharides from red pepper stems using different extraction methods and evaluate their chemical composition, in vitro biological capacities, and rheological properties. 29043221 0 4 theme Polysaccharides 94:108 arg1 Capacities 53:62 In Vitro Biological Capacities 33:62 In Vitro Biological Capacities 33:62 Effects of Extraction Methods on In Vitro Biological Capacities and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharides from Red Pepper Stems. 29043221 0 4 theme Polysaccharides 94:108 arg1 Properties 80:89 Rheological Properties 68:89 Rheological Properties 68:89 Effects of Extraction Methods on In Vitro Biological Capacities and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharides from Red Pepper Stems. 29043221 0 5 from Effects 0:6 arg1 Capacities 53:62 In Vitro Biological Capacities 33:62 In Vitro Biological Capacities 33:62 Effects of Extraction Methods on In Vitro Biological Capacities and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharides from Red Pepper Stems. 29043221 0 5 from Effects 0:6 arg1 Properties 80:89 Rheological Properties 68:89 Rheological Properties 68:89 Effects of Extraction Methods on In Vitro Biological Capacities and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharides from Red Pepper Stems. 29043221 3 6 theme flavonoids 540:549 arg1 higher 570:575 higher 570:575 higher 570:575 The contents of total phenolics and flavonoids were significantly higher in PAU than those in PAL. 29043221 3 6 theme flavonoids 540:549 arg1 contents 508:515 The contents 504:515 The contents of total phenolics and flavonoids 504:549 The contents of total phenolics and flavonoids were significantly higher in PAU than those in PAL. 29043221 1 7 theme chemical 268:275 arg1 composition 277:287 their chemical composition 262:287 their chemical composition 262:287 The purposes of this study were to produce polysaccharides from red pepper stems using different extraction methods and evaluate their chemical composition, in vitro biological capacities, and rheological properties. 29043221 0 8 theme Red 115:117 arg1 Stems 126:130 Red Pepper Stems 115:130 Red Pepper Stems 115:130 Effects of Extraction Methods on In Vitro Biological Capacities and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharides from Red Pepper Stems. 29043221 5 9 theme PAU 957:959 arg1 abilities 903:911 in vitro inhibitory abilities 883:911 in vitro inhibitory abilities against carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes of PAU 883:959 Similarly, in vitro inhibitory abilities against carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes of PAU were higher than those of PAL. 29043221 7 10 theme shear 1151:1155 arg1 properties 1169:1178 dynamic shear rheological properties 1143:1178 dynamic shear rheological properties 1143:1178 Based on the results from dynamic shear rheological properties, it was found that both samples had predominantly viscous behavior rather than elastic behavior. 29043221 4 11 theme greater 617:623 arg1 activities 636:645 greater scavenging activities 617:645 greater scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals, superoxide radicals, and nitrite 617:802 PAU exhibited greater scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals, superoxide radicals, and nitrite compared to PAL, suggesting that PAU served as better antioxidants. 29043221 3 12 theme total 520:524 arg1 phenolics 526:534 total phenolics 520:534 total phenolics 520:534 The contents of total phenolics and flavonoids were significantly higher in PAU than those in PAL. 29043221 4 13 theme 2,2'-azino-bis 690:703 arg1 radicals 761:768 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals 690:768 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals 690:768 PAU exhibited greater scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals, superoxide radicals, and nitrite compared to PAL, suggesting that PAU served as better antioxidants. 29043221 7 14 theme rheological 1157:1167 arg1 properties 1169:1178 dynamic shear rheological properties 1143:1178 dynamic shear rheological properties 1143:1178 Based on the results from dynamic shear rheological properties, it was found that both samples had predominantly viscous behavior rather than elastic behavior. 29043221 7 15 theme elastic 1259:1265 arg1 behavior 1267:1274 elastic behavior 1259:1274 predominantly viscous behavior rather than elastic behavior 1216:1274 Based on the results from dynamic shear rheological properties, it was found that both samples had predominantly viscous behavior rather than elastic behavior. 29043221 3 16 theme phenolics 526:534 arg1 higher 570:575 higher 570:575 higher 570:575 The contents of total phenolics and flavonoids were significantly higher in PAU than those in PAL. 29043221 3 16 theme phenolics 526:534 arg1 contents 508:515 The contents 504:515 The contents of total phenolics and flavonoids 504:549 The contents of total phenolics and flavonoids were significantly higher in PAU than those in PAL. 29043221 4 17 theme 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 650:678 arg1 radicals 680:687 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals 650:687 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals 650:687 PAU exhibited greater scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals, superoxide radicals, and nitrite compared to PAL, suggesting that PAU served as better antioxidants. 29043221 7 18 theme viscous 1230:1236 arg1 behavior 1238:1245 predominantly viscous behavior 1216:1245 predominantly viscous behavior rather than elastic behavior 1216:1274 Based on the results from dynamic shear rheological properties, it was found that both samples had predominantly viscous behavior rather than elastic behavior. 29043221 7 19 contain had 1212:1214 arg2 behavior 1238:1245 predominantly viscous behavior 1216:1245 predominantly viscous behavior rather than elastic behavior 1216:1274 Based on the results from dynamic shear rheological properties, it was found that both samples had predominantly viscous behavior rather than elastic behavior. 29043221 7 19 contain had 1212:1214 arg1 samples 1204:1210 both samples 1199:1210 both samples 1199:1210 Based on the results from dynamic shear rheological properties, it was found that both samples had predominantly viscous behavior rather than elastic behavior. 29043221 7 19 contain had 1212:1214 arg2 behavior 1267:1274 elastic behavior 1259:1274 predominantly viscous behavior rather than elastic behavior 1216:1274 Based on the results from dynamic shear rheological properties, it was found that both samples had predominantly viscous behavior rather than elastic behavior. 29043221 2 20 theme pepper 394:399 arg1 stems 401:405 red pepper stems 390:405 red pepper stems using an autoclave and alkali treatments 390:446 Two polysaccharides were extracted from red pepper stems using an autoclave and alkali treatments, and the extracts were named PAU and PAL, respectively. 29043221 7 21 theme dynamic 1143:1149 arg1 properties 1169:1178 dynamic shear rheological properties 1143:1178 dynamic shear rheological properties 1143:1178 Based on the results from dynamic shear rheological properties, it was found that both samples had predominantly viscous behavior rather than elastic behavior. 29043221 4 22 theme superoxide 771:780 arg1 radicals 782:789 superoxide radicals 771:789 superoxide radicals 771:789 PAU exhibited greater scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals, superoxide radicals, and nitrite compared to PAL, suggesting that PAU served as better antioxidants. 29043221 2 23 theme red 390:392 arg1 stems 401:405 red pepper stems 390:405 red pepper stems using an autoclave and alkali treatments 390:446 Two polysaccharides were extracted from red pepper stems using an autoclave and alkali treatments, and the extracts were named PAU and PAL, respectively. 29043221 0 24 theme Methods 22:28 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of Extraction Methods on In Vitro Biological Capacities and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharides from Red Pepper Stems 0:130 Effects of Extraction Methods on In Vitro Biological Capacities and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharides from Red Pepper Stems. 29043221 6 25 theme rheological 1005:1015 arg1 analysis 1017:1024 Steady shear rheological analysis 992:1024 Steady shear rheological analysis 992:1024 Steady shear rheological analysis demonstrated that PAU showed higher psuedoplastic shear-thinning behavior compared to PAL. 29043221 4 26 from activities 636:645 arg1 radicals 680:687 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals 650:687 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals 650:687 PAU exhibited greater scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals, superoxide radicals, and nitrite compared to PAL, suggesting that PAU served as better antioxidants. 29043221 4 26 from activities 636:645 arg1 radicals 761:768 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals 690:768 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals 690:768 PAU exhibited greater scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals, superoxide radicals, and nitrite compared to PAL, suggesting that PAU served as better antioxidants. 29043221 4 26 from activities 636:645 arg1 radicals 782:789 superoxide radicals 771:789 superoxide radicals 771:789 PAU exhibited greater scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals, superoxide radicals, and nitrite compared to PAL, suggesting that PAU served as better antioxidants. 29043221 4 26 from activities 636:645 arg1 nitrite 796:802 nitrite 796:802 nitrite 796:802 PAU exhibited greater scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals, superoxide radicals, and nitrite compared to PAL, suggesting that PAU served as better antioxidants. 29043221 4 27 theme scavenging 625:634 arg1 activities 636:645 greater scavenging activities 617:645 greater scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals, superoxide radicals, and nitrite 617:802 PAU exhibited greater scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals, superoxide radicals, and nitrite compared to PAL, suggesting that PAU served as better antioxidants. 29043221 0 28 theme Extraction 11:20 arg1 Methods 22:28 Extraction Methods 11:28 Extraction Methods 11:28 Effects of Extraction Methods on In Vitro Biological Capacities and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharides from Red Pepper Stems. 29043221 1 29 theme in 290:291 arg1 capacities 310:319 in vitro biological capacities 290:319 in vitro biological capacities 290:319 The purposes of this study were to produce polysaccharides from red pepper stems using different extraction methods and evaluate their chemical composition, in vitro biological capacities, and rheological properties. 29043221 0 30 theme Pepper 119:124 arg1 Stems 126:130 Red Pepper Stems 115:130 Red Pepper Stems 115:130 Effects of Extraction Methods on In Vitro Biological Capacities and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharides from Red Pepper Stems. 29043221 0 31 from Properties 80:89 arg1 Stems 126:130 Red Pepper Stems 115:130 Red Pepper Stems 115:130 Effects of Extraction Methods on In Vitro Biological Capacities and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharides from Red Pepper Stems. 29043221 4 32 theme acid 739:742 arg1 radicals 761:768 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals 690:768 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals 690:768 PAU exhibited greater scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals, superoxide radicals, and nitrite compared to PAL, suggesting that PAU served as better antioxidants. 29043221 1 33 theme red 197:199 arg1 stems 208:212 red pepper stems 197:212 red pepper stems using different extraction methods 197:247 The purposes of this study were to produce polysaccharides from red pepper stems using different extraction methods and evaluate their chemical composition, in vitro biological capacities, and rheological properties. 29043221 0 34 theme In 33:34 arg1 Capacities 53:62 In Vitro Biological Capacities 33:62 In Vitro Biological Capacities 33:62 Effects of Extraction Methods on In Vitro Biological Capacities and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharides from Red Pepper Stems. 29043221 6 35 theme Steady 992:997 arg1 analysis 1017:1024 Steady shear rheological analysis 992:1024 Steady shear rheological analysis 992:1024 Steady shear rheological analysis demonstrated that PAU showed higher psuedoplastic shear-thinning behavior compared to PAL. 29043221 2 36 dep autoclave 416:424 arg1 treatments 437:446 treatments 437:446 treatments 437:446 Two polysaccharides were extracted from red pepper stems using an autoclave and alkali treatments, and the extracts were named PAU and PAL, respectively. 29043221 1 37 theme pepper 201:206 arg1 stems 208:212 red pepper stems 197:212 red pepper stems using different extraction methods 197:247 The purposes of this study were to produce polysaccharides from red pepper stems using different extraction methods and evaluate their chemical composition, in vitro biological capacities, and rheological properties. 29043221 1 38 theme biological 299:308 arg1 capacities 310:319 in vitro biological capacities 290:319 in vitro biological capacities 290:319 The purposes of this study were to produce polysaccharides from red pepper stems using different extraction methods and evaluate their chemical composition, in vitro biological capacities, and rheological properties. 29043221 0 39 from Stems 126:130 arg1 Polysaccharides 94:108 Polysaccharides 94:108 Polysaccharides from Red Pepper Stems 94:130 Effects of Extraction Methods on In Vitro Biological Capacities and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharides from Red Pepper Stems. 29043221 0 39 from Stems 126:130 arg1 Capacities 53:62 In Vitro Biological Capacities 33:62 In Vitro Biological Capacities 33:62 Effects of Extraction Methods on In Vitro Biological Capacities and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharides from Red Pepper Stems. 29043221 0 39 from Stems 126:130 arg1 Properties 80:89 Rheological Properties 68:89 Rheological Properties 68:89 Effects of Extraction Methods on In Vitro Biological Capacities and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharides from Red Pepper Stems. 29043221 5 40 theme in 883:884 arg1 abilities 903:911 in vitro inhibitory abilities 883:911 in vitro inhibitory abilities against carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes of PAU 883:959 Similarly, in vitro inhibitory abilities against carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes of PAU were higher than those of PAL. 29043221 0 41 theme Biological 42:51 arg1 Capacities 53:62 In Vitro Biological Capacities 33:62 In Vitro Biological Capacities 33:62 Effects of Extraction Methods on In Vitro Biological Capacities and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharides from Red Pepper Stems. 29043221 5 42 theme carbohydrate 921:932 arg1 enzymes 946:952 carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes 921:952 carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes 921:952 Similarly, in vitro inhibitory abilities against carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes of PAU were higher than those of PAL. 29043221 0 43 from Capacities 53:62 arg1 Stems 126:130 Red Pepper Stems 115:130 Red Pepper Stems 115:130 Effects of Extraction Methods on In Vitro Biological Capacities and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharides from Red Pepper Stems. 29043221 0 44 dep In 33:34 arg1 Vitro 36:40 Vitro 36:40 Vitro 36:40 Effects of Extraction Methods on In Vitro Biological Capacities and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharides from Red Pepper Stems. 29043221 1 45 from stems 208:212 arg1 polysaccharides 176:190 polysaccharides 176:190 polysaccharides from red pepper stems using different extraction methods 176:247 The purposes of this study were to produce polysaccharides from red pepper stems using different extraction methods and evaluate their chemical composition, in vitro biological capacities, and rheological properties. 29043221 4 46 theme salt 756:759 arg1 radicals 761:768 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals 690:768 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals 690:768 PAU exhibited greater scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals, superoxide radicals, and nitrite compared to PAL, suggesting that PAU served as better antioxidants. 29043221 1 47 dep in 290:291 arg1 vitro 293:297 vitro 293:297 vitro 293:297 The purposes of this study were to produce polysaccharides from red pepper stems using different extraction methods and evaluate their chemical composition, in vitro biological capacities, and rheological properties. 29043221 4 48 theme better 851:856 arg1 PAU 837:839 PAU 837:839 PAU 837:839 PAU exhibited greater scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals, superoxide radicals, and nitrite compared to PAL, suggesting that PAU served as better antioxidants. 29043221 4 48 theme better 851:856 arg1 antioxidants 858:869 better antioxidants 851:869 better antioxidants 851:869 PAU exhibited greater scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals, superoxide radicals, and nitrite compared to PAL, suggesting that PAU served as better antioxidants. 29043221 4 49 theme diammonium 745:754 arg1 radicals 761:768 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals 690:768 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals 690:768 PAU exhibited greater scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals, superoxide radicals, and nitrite compared to PAL, suggesting that PAU served as better antioxidants. 29043221 6 50 theme psuedoplastic 1062:1074 arg1 behavior 1091:1098 higher psuedoplastic shear-thinning behavior 1055:1098 higher psuedoplastic shear-thinning behavior 1055:1098 Steady shear rheological analysis demonstrated that PAU showed higher psuedoplastic shear-thinning behavior compared to PAL. 29043221 6 51 theme shear-thinning 1076:1089 arg1 behavior 1091:1098 higher psuedoplastic shear-thinning behavior 1055:1098 higher psuedoplastic shear-thinning behavior 1055:1098 Steady shear rheological analysis demonstrated that PAU showed higher psuedoplastic shear-thinning behavior compared to PAL. 29043221 5 52 dep in 883:884 arg1 vitro 886:890 vitro 886:890 vitro 886:890 Similarly, in vitro inhibitory abilities against carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes of PAU were higher than those of PAL. 29043221 1 53 theme different 220:228 arg1 methods 241:247 different extraction methods 220:247 different extraction methods 220:247 The purposes of this study were to produce polysaccharides from red pepper stems using different extraction methods and evaluate their chemical composition, in vitro biological capacities, and rheological properties. 29043221 4 54 theme 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic 705:737 arg1 radicals 761:768 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals 690:768 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals 690:768 PAU exhibited greater scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals, superoxide radicals, and nitrite compared to PAL, suggesting that PAU served as better antioxidants. 29043221 5 55 theme inhibitory 892:901 arg1 abilities 903:911 in vitro inhibitory abilities 883:911 in vitro inhibitory abilities against carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes of PAU 883:959 Similarly, in vitro inhibitory abilities against carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes of PAU were higher than those of PAL. 29043221 1 56 theme extraction 230:239 arg1 methods 241:247 different extraction methods 220:247 different extraction methods 220:247 The purposes of this study were to produce polysaccharides from red pepper stems using different extraction methods and evaluate their chemical composition, in vitro biological capacities, and rheological properties. 29043221 1 57 theme rheological 326:336 arg1 properties 338:347 rheological properties 326:347 rheological properties 326:347 The purposes of this study were to produce polysaccharides from red pepper stems using different extraction methods and evaluate their chemical composition, in vitro biological capacities, and rheological properties. 29043221 5 58 theme hydrolyzing 934:944 arg1 enzymes 946:952 carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes 921:952 carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes 921:952 Similarly, in vitro inhibitory abilities against carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes of PAU were higher than those of PAL. 29043221 6 59 theme higher 1055:1060 arg1 behavior 1091:1098 higher psuedoplastic shear-thinning behavior 1055:1098 higher psuedoplastic shear-thinning behavior 1055:1098 Steady shear rheological analysis demonstrated that PAU showed higher psuedoplastic shear-thinning behavior compared to PAL. 28917917 2 0 theme techniques 458:467 arg1 techniques 458:467 techniques 458:467 techniques 458:467 In this study, a detailed knowledge of the composition and structure of common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides, obtained from stem or leaves, has been conducted using a wide set of techniques to evaluate this species as a potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 2 0 theme techniques 458:467 arg1 set 451:453 a wide set 444:453 a wide set of techniques 444:467 In this study, a detailed knowledge of the composition and structure of common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides, obtained from stem or leaves, has been conducted using a wide set of techniques to evaluate this species as a potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 4 1 from level 801:805 arg1 xylans 742:747 xylans 742:747 xylans 742:747 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 4 1 from level 801:805 arg1 lignin 784:789 lignin 784:789 lignin 784:789 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 6 2 theme in-depth 1052:1059 arg1 analysis 1061:1068 the first in-depth analysis 1042:1068 the first in-depth analysis to be conducted of lignocellulosic material from common cattail 1042:1132 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in-depth analysis to be conducted of lignocellulosic material from common cattail. 28917917 6 2 theme in-depth 1052:1059 arg1 this 1034:1037 this 1034:1037 this 1034:1037 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in-depth analysis to be conducted of lignocellulosic material from common cattail. 28917917 4 3 theme crystallinity 820:832 arg1 ratio 775:779 a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio 750:779 a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin 750:789 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 4 3 theme crystallinity 820:832 arg1 level 801:805 a low level 795:805 a low level of cell wall crystallinity 795:832 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 4 3 theme crystallinity 820:832 arg1 degree 706:711 A high degree 699:711 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans 699:747 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 6 4 theme first 1046:1050 arg1 analysis 1061:1068 the first in-depth analysis 1042:1068 the first in-depth analysis to be conducted of lignocellulosic material from common cattail 1042:1132 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in-depth analysis to be conducted of lignocellulosic material from common cattail. 28917917 6 4 theme first 1046:1050 arg1 this 1034:1037 this 1034:1037 this 1034:1037 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in-depth analysis to be conducted of lignocellulosic material from common cattail. 28917917 0 5 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 latifolia 75:83 Typha latifolia 69:83 Typha latifolia 69:83 Characterization of structural cell wall polysaccharides in cattail (Typha latifolia): Evaluation as potential biofuel feedstock. 28917917 0 5 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 cattail 60:66 cattail 60:66 cattail (Typha latifolia) 60:84 Characterization of structural cell wall polysaccharides in cattail (Typha latifolia): Evaluation as potential biofuel feedstock. 28917917 4 6 theme low 797:799 arg1 level 801:805 a low level 795:805 a low level of cell wall crystallinity 795:832 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 6 7 theme common 1119:1124 arg1 cattail 1126:1132 common cattail 1119:1132 common cattail 1119:1132 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in-depth analysis to be conducted of lignocellulosic material from common cattail. 28917917 4 8 from xylans 742:747 arg1 ratio 775:779 a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio 750:779 a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin 750:789 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 4 8 from xylans 742:747 arg1 level 801:805 a low level 795:805 a low level of cell wall crystallinity 795:832 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 4 8 from xylans 742:747 arg1 degree 706:711 A high degree 699:711 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans 699:747 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 5 9 theme promising 945:953 arg1 cattail 932:938 common cattail 925:938 common cattail 925:938 These results identify common cattail as a promising plant for use as potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 5 9 theme promising 945:953 arg1 plant 955:959 a promising plant 943:959 a promising plant for use as potential bioethanol feedstock 943:1001 These results identify common cattail as a promising plant for use as potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 3 10 link cross-linked 669:680 arg1 polysaccharides 682:696 cross-linked polysaccharides 669:696 cross-linked polysaccharides 669:696 Our results showed that common cattail cellulose content was high for plants in the order Poales and was accompanied by a small amount of cross-linked polysaccharides. 28917917 2 11 theme common 326:331 arg1 Typha 342:346 Typha 342:346 Typha 342:346 In this study, a detailed knowledge of the composition and structure of common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides, obtained from stem or leaves, has been conducted using a wide set of techniques to evaluate this species as a potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 2 11 theme common 326:331 arg1 cattail 333:339 common cattail 326:339 common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides 326:386 In this study, a detailed knowledge of the composition and structure of common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides, obtained from stem or leaves, has been conducted using a wide set of techniques to evaluate this species as a potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 0 12 theme potential 101:109 arg1 feedstock 119:127 potential biofuel feedstock 101:127 potential biofuel feedstock 101:127 Characterization of structural cell wall polysaccharides in cattail (Typha latifolia): Evaluation as potential biofuel feedstock. 28917917 5 13 theme common 925:930 arg1 cattail 932:938 common cattail 925:938 common cattail 925:938 These results identify common cattail as a promising plant for use as potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 5 13 theme common 925:930 arg1 plant 955:959 a promising plant 943:959 a promising plant for use as potential bioethanol feedstock 943:1001 These results identify common cattail as a promising plant for use as potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 1 14 theme lignocellulosic 173:187 arg1 biomass 189:195 lignocellulosic biomass 173:195 lignocellulosic biomass 173:195 Second generation bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass is attracting attention as an alternative energy source. 28917917 3 15 theme cross-linked 669:680 arg1 polysaccharides 682:696 cross-linked polysaccharides 669:696 cross-linked polysaccharides 669:696 Our results showed that common cattail cellulose content was high for plants in the order Poales and was accompanied by a small amount of cross-linked polysaccharides. 28917917 4 16 from arabinose-substitution 716:737 arg1 xylans 742:747 xylans 742:747 xylans 742:747 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 2 17 theme detailed 271:278 arg1 knowledge 280:288 a detailed knowledge 269:288 a detailed knowledge 269:288 In this study, a detailed knowledge of the composition and structure of common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides, obtained from stem or leaves, has been conducted using a wide set of techniques to evaluate this species as a potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 2 18 theme wide 446:449 arg1 techniques 458:467 techniques 458:467 techniques 458:467 In this study, a detailed knowledge of the composition and structure of common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides, obtained from stem or leaves, has been conducted using a wide set of techniques to evaluate this species as a potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 2 18 theme wide 446:449 arg1 set 451:453 a wide set 444:453 a wide set of techniques 444:467 In this study, a detailed knowledge of the composition and structure of common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides, obtained from stem or leaves, has been conducted using a wide set of techniques to evaluate this species as a potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 3 19 theme polysaccharides 682:696 arg1 amount 659:664 a small amount 651:664 a small amount of cross-linked polysaccharides 651:696 Our results showed that common cattail cellulose content was high for plants in the order Poales and was accompanied by a small amount of cross-linked polysaccharides. 28917917 3 19 theme polysaccharides 682:696 arg1 polysaccharides 682:696 cross-linked polysaccharides 669:696 cross-linked polysaccharides 669:696 Our results showed that common cattail cellulose content was high for plants in the order Poales and was accompanied by a small amount of cross-linked polysaccharides. 28917917 4 20 theme wall 815:818 arg1 crystallinity 820:832 cell wall crystallinity 810:832 cell wall crystallinity 810:832 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 3 21 from plants 601:606 arg1 Poales 621:626 the order Poales 611:626 the order Poales 611:626 Our results showed that common cattail cellulose content was high for plants in the order Poales and was accompanied by a small amount of cross-linked polysaccharides. 28917917 2 22 theme polysaccharides 372:386 arg1 structure 313:321 structure 313:321 structure 313:321 In this study, a detailed knowledge of the composition and structure of common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides, obtained from stem or leaves, has been conducted using a wide set of techniques to evaluate this species as a potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 2 22 theme polysaccharides 372:386 arg1 composition 297:307 composition 297:307 composition 297:307 In this study, a detailed knowledge of the composition and structure of common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides, obtained from stem or leaves, has been conducted using a wide set of techniques to evaluate this species as a potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 4 23 theme cell 810:813 arg1 crystallinity 820:832 cell wall crystallinity 810:832 cell wall crystallinity 810:832 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 4 24 from degree 706:711 arg1 xylans 742:747 xylans 742:747 xylans 742:747 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 4 24 from degree 706:711 arg1 lignin 784:789 lignin 784:789 lignin 784:789 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 2 25 theme structure 313:321 arg1 knowledge 280:288 a detailed knowledge 269:288 a detailed knowledge 269:288 In this study, a detailed knowledge of the composition and structure of common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides, obtained from stem or leaves, has been conducted using a wide set of techniques to evaluate this species as a potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 2 26 theme wall 367:370 arg1 polysaccharides 372:386 common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides 326:386 common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides 326:386 In this study, a detailed knowledge of the composition and structure of common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides, obtained from stem or leaves, has been conducted using a wide set of techniques to evaluate this species as a potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 0 27 theme cell 31:34 arg1 polysaccharides 41:55 structural cell wall polysaccharides 20:55 structural cell wall polysaccharides 20:55 Characterization of structural cell wall polysaccharides in cattail (Typha latifolia): Evaluation as potential biofuel feedstock. 28917917 4 28 theme high 701:704 arg1 degree 706:711 A high degree 699:711 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans 699:747 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 2 29 dep Typha 342:346 arg1 L. 358:359 Typha latifolia L. 342:359 Typha latifolia L. 342:359 In this study, a detailed knowledge of the composition and structure of common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides, obtained from stem or leaves, has been conducted using a wide set of techniques to evaluate this species as a potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 0 30 theme structural 20:29 arg1 polysaccharides 41:55 structural cell wall polysaccharides 20:55 structural cell wall polysaccharides 20:55 Characterization of structural cell wall polysaccharides in cattail (Typha latifolia): Evaluation as potential biofuel feedstock. 28917917 0 31 theme biofuel 111:117 arg1 feedstock 119:127 potential biofuel feedstock 101:127 potential biofuel feedstock 101:127 Characterization of structural cell wall polysaccharides in cattail (Typha latifolia): Evaluation as potential biofuel feedstock. 28917917 3 32 theme order 615:619 arg1 Poales 621:626 the order Poales 611:626 the order Poales 611:626 Our results showed that common cattail cellulose content was high for plants in the order Poales and was accompanied by a small amount of cross-linked polysaccharides. 28917917 2 33 theme composition 297:307 arg1 knowledge 280:288 a detailed knowledge 269:288 a detailed knowledge 269:288 In this study, a detailed knowledge of the composition and structure of common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides, obtained from stem or leaves, has been conducted using a wide set of techniques to evaluate this species as a potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 6 34 from cattail 1126:1132 arg1 material 1105:1112 lignocellulosic material 1089:1112 lignocellulosic material from common cattail 1089:1132 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in-depth analysis to be conducted of lignocellulosic material from common cattail. 28917917 1 35 theme generation 137:146 arg1 bioethanol 148:157 Second generation bioethanol 130:157 Second generation bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass 130:195 Second generation bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass is attracting attention as an alternative energy source. 28917917 0 36 theme polysaccharides 41:55 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of structural cell wall polysaccharides in cattail (Typha latifolia): Evaluation as potential biofuel feedstock. 0:128 Characterization of structural cell wall polysaccharides in cattail (Typha latifolia): Evaluation as potential biofuel feedstock. 28917917 5 37 theme bioethanol 982:991 arg1 feedstock 993:1001 potential bioethanol feedstock 972:1001 potential bioethanol feedstock 972:1001 These results identify common cattail as a promising plant for use as potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 2 38 theme bioethanol 509:518 arg1 feedstock 520:528 a potential bioethanol feedstock 497:528 a potential bioethanol feedstock 497:528 In this study, a detailed knowledge of the composition and structure of common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides, obtained from stem or leaves, has been conducted using a wide set of techniques to evaluate this species as a potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 3 39 theme cellulose 570:578 arg1 content 580:586 common cattail cellulose content 555:586 common cattail cellulose content 555:586 Our results showed that common cattail cellulose content was high for plants in the order Poales and was accompanied by a small amount of cross-linked polysaccharides. 28917917 0 40 theme wall 36:39 arg1 polysaccharides 41:55 structural cell wall polysaccharides 20:55 structural cell wall polysaccharides 20:55 Characterization of structural cell wall polysaccharides in cattail (Typha latifolia): Evaluation as potential biofuel feedstock. 28917917 2 41 theme potential 499:507 arg1 feedstock 520:528 a potential bioethanol feedstock 497:528 a potential bioethanol feedstock 497:528 In this study, a detailed knowledge of the composition and structure of common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides, obtained from stem or leaves, has been conducted using a wide set of techniques to evaluate this species as a potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 1 42 theme alternative 227:237 arg1 source 246:251 an alternative energy source 224:251 an alternative energy source 224:251 Second generation bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass is attracting attention as an alternative energy source. 28917917 1 42 theme alternative 227:237 arg1 attention 211:219 attention 211:219 attention 211:219 Second generation bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass is attracting attention as an alternative energy source. 28917917 3 43 theme common 555:560 arg1 content 580:586 common cattail cellulose content 555:586 common cattail cellulose content 555:586 Our results showed that common cattail cellulose content was high for plants in the order Poales and was accompanied by a small amount of cross-linked polysaccharides. 28917917 6 44 theme lignocellulosic 1089:1103 arg1 material 1105:1112 lignocellulosic material 1089:1112 lignocellulosic material from common cattail 1089:1132 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in-depth analysis to be conducted of lignocellulosic material from common cattail. 28917917 3 45 theme small 653:657 arg1 amount 659:664 a small amount 651:664 a small amount of cross-linked polysaccharides 651:696 Our results showed that common cattail cellulose content was high for plants in the order Poales and was accompanied by a small amount of cross-linked polysaccharides. 28917917 3 45 theme small 653:657 arg1 polysaccharides 682:696 cross-linked polysaccharides 669:696 cross-linked polysaccharides 669:696 Our results showed that common cattail cellulose content was high for plants in the order Poales and was accompanied by a small amount of cross-linked polysaccharides. 28917917 2 46 dep knowledge 280:288 arg1 obtained 389:396 obtained 389:396 obtained from stem 389:406 In this study, a detailed knowledge of the composition and structure of common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides, obtained from stem or leaves, has been conducted using a wide set of techniques to evaluate this species as a potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 2 46 dep knowledge 280:288 arg1 leaves 411:416 leaves 411:416 leaves 411:416 In this study, a detailed knowledge of the composition and structure of common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides, obtained from stem or leaves, has been conducted using a wide set of techniques to evaluate this species as a potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 3 47 theme cattail 562:568 arg1 content 580:586 common cattail cellulose content 555:586 common cattail cellulose content 555:586 Our results showed that common cattail cellulose content was high for plants in the order Poales and was accompanied by a small amount of cross-linked polysaccharides. 28917917 2 48 dep composition 297:307 arg1 the 293:295 the 293:295 the 293:295 In this study, a detailed knowledge of the composition and structure of common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides, obtained from stem or leaves, has been conducted using a wide set of techniques to evaluate this species as a potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 4 49 theme good 848:851 arg1 performance 853:863 a good performance 846:863 a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification 846:899 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 4 50 theme lignocellulose 869:882 arg1 saccharification 884:899 lignocellulose saccharification 869:899 lignocellulose saccharification 869:899 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 4 51 theme syringyl/guaiacyl 757:773 arg1 ratio 775:779 a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio 750:779 a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin 750:789 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 2 52 theme cattail 333:339 arg1 polysaccharides 372:386 common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides 326:386 common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides 326:386 In this study, a detailed knowledge of the composition and structure of common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides, obtained from stem or leaves, has been conducted using a wide set of techniques to evaluate this species as a potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 4 53 theme arabinose-substitution 716:737 arg1 ratio 775:779 a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio 750:779 a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin 750:789 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 4 53 theme arabinose-substitution 716:737 arg1 level 801:805 a low level 795:805 a low level of cell wall crystallinity 795:832 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 4 53 theme arabinose-substitution 716:737 arg1 degree 706:711 A high degree 699:711 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans 699:747 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 1 54 theme energy 239:244 arg1 source 246:251 an alternative energy source 224:251 an alternative energy source 224:251 Second generation bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass is attracting attention as an alternative energy source. 28917917 1 54 theme energy 239:244 arg1 attention 211:219 attention 211:219 attention 211:219 Second generation bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass is attracting attention as an alternative energy source. 28917917 4 55 theme high 752:755 arg1 ratio 775:779 a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio 750:779 a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin 750:789 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 1 56 theme Second 130:135 arg1 bioethanol 148:157 Second generation bioethanol 130:157 Second generation bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass 130:195 Second generation bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass is attracting attention as an alternative energy source. 28917917 0 57 theme Typha 69:73 arg1 latifolia 75:83 Typha latifolia 69:83 Typha latifolia 69:83 Characterization of structural cell wall polysaccharides in cattail (Typha latifolia): Evaluation as potential biofuel feedstock. 28917917 0 57 theme Typha 69:73 arg1 cattail 60:66 cattail 60:66 cattail (Typha latifolia) 60:84 Characterization of structural cell wall polysaccharides in cattail (Typha latifolia): Evaluation as potential biofuel feedstock. 28917917 5 58 theme potential 972:980 arg1 feedstock 993:1001 potential bioethanol feedstock 972:1001 potential bioethanol feedstock 972:1001 These results identify common cattail as a promising plant for use as potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 4 59 from ratio 775:779 arg1 xylans 742:747 xylans 742:747 xylans 742:747 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 4 59 from ratio 775:779 arg1 lignin 784:789 lignin 784:789 lignin 784:789 A high degree of arabinose-substitution in xylans, a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in lignin and a low level of cell wall crystallinity could yield a good performance for lignocellulose saccharification. 28917917 2 60 theme cell 362:365 arg1 polysaccharides 372:386 common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides 326:386 common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides 326:386 In this study, a detailed knowledge of the composition and structure of common cattail (Typha latifolia L.) cell wall polysaccharides, obtained from stem or leaves, has been conducted using a wide set of techniques to evaluate this species as a potential bioethanol feedstock. 28917917 0 61 dep Characterization 0:15 arg1 Evaluation 87:96 Evaluation 87:96 Characterization of structural cell wall polysaccharides in cattail (Typha latifolia): Evaluation as potential biofuel feedstock. 0:128 Characterization of structural cell wall polysaccharides in cattail (Typha latifolia): Evaluation as potential biofuel feedstock. 26192808 10 0 theme late 1735:1738 arg1 phase 1740:1744 the late phase 1731:1744 the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking 1731:1792 In the formalin test, all HERP doses (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.001) inhibited the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking, but the inhibition of neurogenic pain was observed only when the higher doses (10 and 30mg/kg; P<0.05) were used. 26192808 10 0 theme late 1735:1738 arg1 pain 1760:1763 inflammatory pain 1747:1763 inflammatory pain 1747:1763 In the formalin test, all HERP doses (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.001) inhibited the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking, but the inhibition of neurogenic pain was observed only when the higher doses (10 and 30mg/kg; P<0.05) were used. 26192808 6 1 theme hindpaw 1238:1244 arg1 oedema 1246:1251 carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema 1218:1251 carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema 1218:1251 The biological activities of the HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) were evaluated using the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models in mice after oral administration. 26192808 17 2 from cases 2742:2746 arg1 results 2753:2759 the results 2749:2759 the results for the HERP at 30mg/kg and formononetin 2749:2800 In both cases, the results for the HERP at 30mg/kg and formononetin were similar. 26192808 17 2 from cases 2742:2746 arg1 similar 2807:2813 similar 2807:2813 similar 2807:2813 In both cases, the results for the HERP at 30mg/kg and formononetin were similar. 26192808 4 3 theme biomarker 840:848 arg1 extract 801:807 the hydroalcoholic extract 782:807 the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) and its biomarker, formononetin, 782:863 In this work, we demonstrated the potential action of the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) and its biomarker, formononetin, as antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs on experimental models. 26192808 6 4 theme antinociceptive 1129:1143 arg1 models 1270:1275 the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models 1125:1275 the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models in mice after oral administration 1125:1309 The biological activities of the HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) were evaluated using the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models in mice after oral administration. 26192808 15 5 theme significant 2553:2563 arg1 inhibition 2565:2574 a significant inhibition 2551:2574 a significant inhibition of the oedema response 2551:2597 Regarding the anti-inflammatory assessment, the HERP (10 and 30mg/kg, P<0.05) and formononetin (P<0.001) treatments caused a significant inhibition of the oedema response. 26192808 16 6 theme carrageenan-induced 2693:2711 arg1 migration 2723:2731 the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration 2689:2731 the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration 2689:2731 All doses of HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.05) and formononetin (P<0.001) also inhibited the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration. 26192808 4 7 theme propolis 816:823 arg1 extract 801:807 the hydroalcoholic extract 782:807 the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) and its biomarker, formononetin, 782:863 In this work, we demonstrated the potential action of the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) and its biomarker, formononetin, as antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs on experimental models. 26192808 11 8 theme test 2060:2063 arg1 phase 2047:2051 the same phase 2038:2051 the same phase of the test 2038:2063 Formononetin caused inhibition (P<0.001) only in the second phase of formalin-induced nociception similarly at all HERP doses in the same phase of the test. 26192808 3 9 theme same 692:695 arg1 activities 697:706 the same activities 688:706 the same activities as commercial ones 688:725 Since both the green and red varieties of propolis are traditionally used as medicine and commercialized with no label differentiation, the study of the activities of red propolis extract has become important in order to clarify whether this product has the same activities as commercial ones. 26192808 10 10 used used 1903:1906 arg2 doses 1867:1871 the higher doses 1856:1871 the higher doses (10 and 30mg/kg; P<0.05) 1856:1896 In the formalin test, all HERP doses (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.001) inhibited the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking, but the inhibition of neurogenic pain was observed only when the higher doses (10 and 30mg/kg; P<0.05) were used. 26192808 9 11 theme abdominal 1574:1582 arg1 writhes 1584:1590 abdominal writhes 1574:1590 abdominal writhes 1574:1590 Pretreatment with the HERP (10 and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) produced reduction (P<0.001) in the number of abdominal writhes, but the HERP was more effective (P<0.001) than formononetin. 26192808 1 12 used used 158:161 arg2 medicine 173:180 a folk medicine 166:180 a folk medicine 166:180 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis has been used as a folk medicine for centuries around the world due to its wide spectrum of biological activities. 26192808 1 12 used used 158:161 arg2 Propolis 140:147 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis 109:147 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis 109:147 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis has been used as a folk medicine for centuries around the world due to its wide spectrum of biological activities. 26192808 19 13 from extract 3084:3090 arg1 present 3069:3075 present 3069:3075 present 3069:3075 Moreover, the HERP presented antinociceptive action on inflammatory and neurogenic pain without motor side effects, possibly due to the action of other constituents present in the extract. 26192808 16 14 theme HERP 2613:2616 arg1 doses 2604:2608 All doses 2600:2608 All doses of HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.05) and formononetin (P<0.001) 2600:2672 All doses of HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.05) and formononetin (P<0.001) also inhibited the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration. 26192808 10 15 theme licking 1786:1792 arg1 phase 1740:1744 the late phase 1731:1744 the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking 1731:1792 In the formalin test, all HERP doses (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.001) inhibited the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking, but the inhibition of neurogenic pain was observed only when the higher doses (10 and 30mg/kg; P<0.05) were used. 26192808 10 15 theme licking 1786:1792 arg1 pain 1760:1763 inflammatory pain 1747:1763 inflammatory pain 1747:1763 In the formalin test, all HERP doses (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.001) inhibited the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking, but the inhibition of neurogenic pain was observed only when the higher doses (10 and 30mg/kg; P<0.05) were used. 26192808 4 16 from drugs 906:910 arg1 models 928:933 experimental models 915:933 experimental models 915:933 In this work, we demonstrated the potential action of the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) and its biomarker, formononetin, as antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs on experimental models. 26192808 2 17 theme Brazilian 288:296 arg1 variety 298:304 a new Brazilian variety 282:304 a new Brazilian variety of this apimaterial 282:324 The red propolis, a new Brazilian variety of this apimaterial, has presented an unusual chemical composition, including isoflavones such as formononetin and biochanin A. 26192808 2 17 theme Brazilian 288:296 arg1 apimaterial 314:324 this apimaterial 309:324 this apimaterial 309:324 The red propolis, a new Brazilian variety of this apimaterial, has presented an unusual chemical composition, including isoflavones such as formononetin and biochanin A. 26192808 2 17 theme Brazilian 288:296 arg1 propolis 272:279 The red propolis 264:279 The red propolis 264:279 The red propolis, a new Brazilian variety of this apimaterial, has presented an unusual chemical composition, including isoflavones such as formononetin and biochanin A. 26192808 14 18 theme motor 2411:2415 arg1 behaviour 2417:2425 the spontaneous motor behaviour 2395:2425 the spontaneous motor behaviour 2395:2425 There were no significant differences in the open field test after HERP administration, but formononetin decrease the spontaneous motor behaviour. 26192808 8 19 theme main 1385:1388 arg1 biomarker 1390:1398 the main biomarker 1381:1398 the main biomarker of red propolis 1381:1414 RESULTS Formononetin, one of the main biomarker of red propolis, was identified in the HERP (21.62mg/g). 26192808 6 20 theme glutamate 1173:1181 arg1 injections 1183:1192 glutamate injections 1173:1192 glutamate injections 1173:1192 The biological activities of the HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) were evaluated using the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models in mice after oral administration. 26192808 6 21 dep antinociceptive 1129:1143 arg1 acid 1153:1156 acetic acid 1146:1156 acetic acid 1146:1156 The biological activities of the HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) were evaluated using the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models in mice after oral administration. 26192808 6 21 dep antinociceptive 1129:1143 arg1 injections 1183:1192 glutamate injections 1173:1192 glutamate injections 1173:1192 The biological activities of the HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) were evaluated using the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models in mice after oral administration. 26192808 6 21 dep antinociceptive 1129:1143 arg1 peritonitis 1257:1267 peritonitis 1257:1267 peritonitis 1257:1267 The biological activities of the HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) were evaluated using the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models in mice after oral administration. 26192808 6 21 dep antinociceptive 1129:1143 arg1 formalin 1159:1166 formalin 1159:1166 formalin 1159:1166 The biological activities of the HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) were evaluated using the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models in mice after oral administration. 26192808 6 21 dep antinociceptive 1129:1143 arg1 oedema 1246:1251 carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema 1218:1251 carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema 1218:1251 The biological activities of the HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) were evaluated using the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models in mice after oral administration. 26192808 10 22 theme neurogenic 1817:1826 arg1 pain 1828:1831 neurogenic pain 1817:1831 neurogenic pain 1817:1831 In the formalin test, all HERP doses (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.001) inhibited the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking, but the inhibition of neurogenic pain was observed only when the higher doses (10 and 30mg/kg; P<0.05) were used. 26192808 13 23 theme HERP 2275:2278 arg1 30mg/kg 2264:2270 30mg/kg 2264:2270 30mg/kg of HERP 2264:2278 Also, formononetin inhibited (P<0.001) the nociception induced by glutamate similarly to 30mg/kg of HERP. 26192808 3 24 theme activities 587:596 arg1 study 574:578 the study 570:578 the study of the activities of red propolis extract 570:620 Since both the green and red varieties of propolis are traditionally used as medicine and commercialized with no label differentiation, the study of the activities of red propolis extract has become important in order to clarify whether this product has the same activities as commercial ones. 26192808 18 25 theme significant 2864:2874 arg1 activity 2894:2901 significant anti-inflammatory activity 2864:2901 significant anti-inflammatory activity 2864:2901 CONCLUSIONS The HERP and formononetin presented significant anti-inflammatory activity. 26192808 7 26 theme field 1321:1325 arg1 test 1327:1330 The open field test 1312:1330 The open field test 1312:1330 The open field test was also performed. 26192808 12 27 theme glutamate-induced 2083:2099 arg1 model 2101:2105 glutamate-induced model 2083:2105 glutamate-induced model 2083:2105 The responses in glutamate-induced model presented crescent inhibition (P<0.05) with 10 and 30mg/kg of HERP. 26192808 16 28 theme formononetin 2651:2662 arg1 doses 2604:2608 All doses 2600:2608 All doses of HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.05) and formononetin (P<0.001) 2600:2672 All doses of HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.05) and formononetin (P<0.001) also inhibited the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration. 26192808 20 29 theme popular 3130:3136 arg1 usage 3138:3142 the popular usage 3126:3142 the popular usage of this natural product 3126:3166 These results, together, support the popular usage of this natural product. 26192808 17 30 from similar 2807:2813 arg1 cases 2742:2746 both cases 2737:2746 both cases 2737:2746 In both cases, the results for the HERP at 30mg/kg and formononetin were similar. 26192808 8 31 theme propolis 1407:1414 arg1 biomarker 1390:1398 the main biomarker 1381:1398 the main biomarker of red propolis 1381:1414 RESULTS Formononetin, one of the main biomarker of red propolis, was identified in the HERP (21.62mg/g). 26192808 5 32 dep MATERIALS 936:944 arg1 characterised 982:994 characterised 982:994 was chemically characterised by HPLC/DAD analyses 967:1015 MATERIALS AND METHODS The HERP was chemically characterised by HPLC/DAD analyses. 26192808 15 33 theme oedema 2583:2588 arg1 response 2590:2597 the oedema response 2579:2597 the oedema response 2579:2597 Regarding the anti-inflammatory assessment, the HERP (10 and 30mg/kg, P<0.05) and formononetin (P<0.001) treatments caused a significant inhibition of the oedema response. 26192808 3 34 theme extract 614:620 arg1 activities 587:596 the activities 583:596 the activities of red propolis extract 583:620 Since both the green and red varieties of propolis are traditionally used as medicine and commercialized with no label differentiation, the study of the activities of red propolis extract has become important in order to clarify whether this product has the same activities as commercial ones. 26192808 6 35 theme acetic 1146:1151 arg1 acid 1153:1156 acetic acid 1146:1156 acetic acid 1146:1156 The biological activities of the HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) were evaluated using the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models in mice after oral administration. 26192808 13 36 dep inhibited 2194:2202 arg1 P<0.001 2205:2211 P<0.001 2205:2211 P<0.001 2205:2211 Also, formononetin inhibited (P<0.001) the nociception induced by glutamate similarly to 30mg/kg of HERP. 26192808 19 37 theme constituents 3056:3067 arg1 action 3040:3045 the action 3036:3045 the action of other constituents present in the extract 3036:3090 Moreover, the HERP presented antinociceptive action on inflammatory and neurogenic pain without motor side effects, possibly due to the action of other constituents present in the extract. 26192808 0 38 theme extract 72:78 arg1 effects 38:44 Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects 0:44 Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Brazilian red propolis extract 0:78 Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Brazilian red propolis extract and formononetin in rodents. 26192808 3 39 theme red 601:603 arg1 extract 614:620 red propolis extract 601:620 red propolis extract 601:620 Since both the green and red varieties of propolis are traditionally used as medicine and commercialized with no label differentiation, the study of the activities of red propolis extract has become important in order to clarify whether this product has the same activities as commercial ones. 26192808 3 40 dep differentiation 553:567 arg1 label 547:551 label 547:551 label 547:551 Since both the green and red varieties of propolis are traditionally used as medicine and commercialized with no label differentiation, the study of the activities of red propolis extract has become important in order to clarify whether this product has the same activities as commercial ones. 26192808 14 41 theme HERP 2348:2351 arg1 administration 2353:2366 HERP administration 2348:2366 HERP administration 2348:2366 There were no significant differences in the open field test after HERP administration, but formononetin decrease the spontaneous motor behaviour. 26192808 4 42 theme experimental 915:926 arg1 models 928:933 experimental models 915:933 experimental models 915:933 In this work, we demonstrated the potential action of the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) and its biomarker, formononetin, as antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs on experimental models. 26192808 19 43 theme antinociceptive 2933:2947 arg1 action 2949:2954 antinociceptive action 2933:2954 antinociceptive action on inflammatory and neurogenic pain 2933:2990 Moreover, the HERP presented antinociceptive action on inflammatory and neurogenic pain without motor side effects, possibly due to the action of other constituents present in the extract. 26192808 14 44 theme open 2326:2329 arg1 test 2337:2340 the open field test 2322:2340 the open field test 2322:2340 There were no significant differences in the open field test after HERP administration, but formononetin decrease the spontaneous motor behaviour. 26192808 15 45 theme anti-inflammatory 2442:2458 arg1 assessment 2460:2469 the anti-inflammatory assessment 2438:2469 the anti-inflammatory assessment 2438:2469 Regarding the anti-inflammatory assessment, the HERP (10 and 30mg/kg, P<0.05) and formononetin (P<0.001) treatments caused a significant inhibition of the oedema response. 26192808 17 46 from formononetin 2789:2800 arg1 results 2753:2759 the results 2749:2759 the results for the HERP at 30mg/kg and formononetin 2749:2800 In both cases, the results for the HERP at 30mg/kg and formononetin were similar. 26192808 17 46 from formononetin 2789:2800 arg1 similar 2807:2813 similar 2807:2813 similar 2807:2813 In both cases, the results for the HERP at 30mg/kg and formononetin were similar. 26192808 6 47 dep HERP 1051:1054 arg1 10 1060:1061 10 1060:1061 10 1060:1061 The biological activities of the HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) were evaluated using the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models in mice after oral administration. 26192808 6 47 dep HERP 1051:1054 arg1 30mg/kg 1068:1074 30mg/kg 1068:1074 30mg/kg 1068:1074 The biological activities of the HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) were evaluated using the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models in mice after oral administration. 26192808 6 47 dep HERP 1051:1054 arg1 3 1057:1057 3 1057:1057 3 1057:1057 The biological activities of the HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) were evaluated using the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models in mice after oral administration. 26192808 0 48 theme Antinociceptive 0:14 arg1 effects 38:44 Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects 0:44 Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Brazilian red propolis extract 0:78 Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Brazilian red propolis extract and formononetin in rodents. 26192808 20 49 theme natural 3152:3158 arg1 product 3160:3166 this natural product 3147:3166 this natural product 3147:3166 These results, together, support the popular usage of this natural product. 26192808 2 50 theme biochanin 421:429 arg1 A 431:431 biochanin A 421:431 biochanin A 421:431 The red propolis, a new Brazilian variety of this apimaterial, has presented an unusual chemical composition, including isoflavones such as formononetin and biochanin A. 26192808 0 51 theme anti-inflammatory 20:36 arg1 effects 38:44 Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects 0:44 Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Brazilian red propolis extract 0:78 Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Brazilian red propolis extract and formononetin in rodents. 26192808 1 52 theme RELEVANCE 130:138 arg1 Propolis 140:147 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis 109:147 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis 109:147 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis has been used as a folk medicine for centuries around the world due to its wide spectrum of biological activities. 26192808 1 52 theme RELEVANCE 130:138 arg1 medicine 173:180 a folk medicine 166:180 a folk medicine 166:180 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis has been used as a folk medicine for centuries around the world due to its wide spectrum of biological activities. 26192808 11 53 theme formalin-induced 1978:1993 arg1 nociception 1995:2005 formalin-induced nociception 1978:2005 formalin-induced nociception 1978:2005 Formononetin caused inhibition (P<0.001) only in the second phase of formalin-induced nociception similarly at all HERP doses in the same phase of the test. 26192808 4 54 theme hydroalcoholic 786:799 arg1 extract 801:807 the hydroalcoholic extract 782:807 the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) and its biomarker, formononetin, 782:863 In this work, we demonstrated the potential action of the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) and its biomarker, formononetin, as antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs on experimental models. 26192808 19 55 theme motor 3000:3004 arg1 effects 3011:3017 motor side effects 3000:3017 motor side effects 3000:3017 Moreover, the HERP presented antinociceptive action on inflammatory and neurogenic pain without motor side effects, possibly due to the action of other constituents present in the extract. 26192808 5 56 theme HPLC/DAD 999:1006 arg1 analyses 1008:1015 HPLC/DAD analyses 999:1015 HPLC/DAD analyses 999:1015 MATERIALS AND METHODS The HERP was chemically characterised by HPLC/DAD analyses. 26192808 12 57 from responses 2070:2078 arg1 model 2101:2105 glutamate-induced model 2083:2105 glutamate-induced model 2083:2105 The responses in glutamate-induced model presented crescent inhibition (P<0.05) with 10 and 30mg/kg of HERP. 26192808 3 58 theme propolis 476:483 arg1 green 449:453 green 449:453 green 449:453 Since both the green and red varieties of propolis are traditionally used as medicine and commercialized with no label differentiation, the study of the activities of red propolis extract has become important in order to clarify whether this product has the same activities as commercial ones. 26192808 3 58 theme propolis 476:483 arg1 varieties 463:471 red varieties 459:471 red varieties 459:471 Since both the green and red varieties of propolis are traditionally used as medicine and commercialized with no label differentiation, the study of the activities of red propolis extract has become important in order to clarify whether this product has the same activities as commercial ones. 26192808 3 58 theme propolis 476:483 arg1 medicine 511:518 medicine 511:518 medicine 511:518 Since both the green and red varieties of propolis are traditionally used as medicine and commercialized with no label differentiation, the study of the activities of red propolis extract has become important in order to clarify whether this product has the same activities as commercial ones. 26192808 0 59 theme red 59:61 arg1 extract 72:78 Brazilian red propolis extract 49:78 Brazilian red propolis extract 49:78 Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Brazilian red propolis extract and formononetin in rodents. 26192808 6 60 from models 1270:1275 arg1 mice 1280:1283 mice 1280:1283 mice after oral administration 1280:1309 The biological activities of the HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) were evaluated using the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models in mice after oral administration. 26192808 2 61 theme red 268:270 arg1 variety 298:304 a new Brazilian variety 282:304 a new Brazilian variety of this apimaterial 282:324 The red propolis, a new Brazilian variety of this apimaterial, has presented an unusual chemical composition, including isoflavones such as formononetin and biochanin A. 26192808 2 61 theme red 268:270 arg1 propolis 272:279 The red propolis 264:279 The red propolis 264:279 The red propolis, a new Brazilian variety of this apimaterial, has presented an unusual chemical composition, including isoflavones such as formononetin and biochanin A. 26192808 2 61 theme red 268:270 arg1 apimaterial 314:324 this apimaterial 309:324 this apimaterial 309:324 The red propolis, a new Brazilian variety of this apimaterial, has presented an unusual chemical composition, including isoflavones such as formononetin and biochanin A. 26192808 3 62 used used 503:506 arg2 medicine 511:518 medicine 511:518 medicine 511:518 Since both the green and red varieties of propolis are traditionally used as medicine and commercialized with no label differentiation, the study of the activities of red propolis extract has become important in order to clarify whether this product has the same activities as commercial ones. 26192808 3 62 used used 503:506 arg2 varieties 463:471 red varieties 459:471 red varieties 459:471 Since both the green and red varieties of propolis are traditionally used as medicine and commercialized with no label differentiation, the study of the activities of red propolis extract has become important in order to clarify whether this product has the same activities as commercial ones. 26192808 3 62 used used 503:506 arg2 green 449:453 green 449:453 green 449:453 Since both the green and red varieties of propolis are traditionally used as medicine and commercialized with no label differentiation, the study of the activities of red propolis extract has become important in order to clarify whether this product has the same activities as commercial ones. 26192808 1 63 theme wide 224:227 arg1 spectrum 229:236 its wide spectrum 220:236 its wide spectrum of biological activities 220:261 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis has been used as a folk medicine for centuries around the world due to its wide spectrum of biological activities. 26192808 3 64 dep green 449:453 arg1 the 445:447 the 445:447 the 445:447 Since both the green and red varieties of propolis are traditionally used as medicine and commercialized with no label differentiation, the study of the activities of red propolis extract has become important in order to clarify whether this product has the same activities as commercial ones. 26192808 17 65 from 30mg/kg 2777:2783 arg1 results 2753:2759 the results 2749:2759 the results for the HERP at 30mg/kg and formononetin 2749:2800 In both cases, the results for the HERP at 30mg/kg and formononetin were similar. 26192808 17 65 from 30mg/kg 2777:2783 arg1 similar 2807:2813 similar 2807:2813 similar 2807:2813 In both cases, the results for the HERP at 30mg/kg and formononetin were similar. 26192808 19 66 theme present 3069:3075 arg1 constituents 3056:3067 other constituents 3050:3067 other constituents present in the extract 3050:3090 Moreover, the HERP presented antinociceptive action on inflammatory and neurogenic pain without motor side effects, possibly due to the action of other constituents present in the extract. 26192808 19 67 attach present 3069:3075 arg2 constituents 3056:3067 other constituents 3050:3067 other constituents present in the extract 3050:3090 Moreover, the HERP presented antinociceptive action on inflammatory and neurogenic pain without motor side effects, possibly due to the action of other constituents present in the extract. 26192808 19 67 attach present 3069:3075 arg1 extract 3084:3090 the extract 3080:3090 the extract 3080:3090 Moreover, the HERP presented antinociceptive action on inflammatory and neurogenic pain without motor side effects, possibly due to the action of other constituents present in the extract. 26192808 2 68 theme unusual 344:350 arg1 composition 361:371 an unusual chemical composition 341:371 an unusual chemical composition 341:371 The red propolis, a new Brazilian variety of this apimaterial, has presented an unusual chemical composition, including isoflavones such as formononetin and biochanin A. 26192808 1 69 theme activities 252:261 arg1 spectrum 229:236 its wide spectrum 220:236 its wide spectrum of biological activities 220:261 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis has been used as a folk medicine for centuries around the world due to its wide spectrum of biological activities. 26192808 6 70 theme carrageenan-induced 1218:1236 arg1 oedema 1246:1251 carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema 1218:1251 carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema 1218:1251 The biological activities of the HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) were evaluated using the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models in mice after oral administration. 26192808 2 71 theme new 284:286 arg1 variety 298:304 a new Brazilian variety 282:304 a new Brazilian variety of this apimaterial 282:324 The red propolis, a new Brazilian variety of this apimaterial, has presented an unusual chemical composition, including isoflavones such as formononetin and biochanin A. 26192808 2 71 theme new 284:286 arg1 apimaterial 314:324 this apimaterial 309:324 this apimaterial 309:324 The red propolis, a new Brazilian variety of this apimaterial, has presented an unusual chemical composition, including isoflavones such as formononetin and biochanin A. 26192808 2 71 theme new 284:286 arg1 propolis 272:279 The red propolis 264:279 The red propolis 264:279 The red propolis, a new Brazilian variety of this apimaterial, has presented an unusual chemical composition, including isoflavones such as formononetin and biochanin A. 26192808 3 72 theme commercial 711:720 arg1 ones 722:725 commercial ones 711:725 commercial ones 711:725 Since both the green and red varieties of propolis are traditionally used as medicine and commercialized with no label differentiation, the study of the activities of red propolis extract has become important in order to clarify whether this product has the same activities as commercial ones. 26192808 6 73 theme anti-inflammatory 1199:1215 arg1 models 1270:1275 the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models 1125:1275 the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models in mice after oral administration 1125:1309 The biological activities of the HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) were evaluated using the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models in mice after oral administration. 26192808 4 74 theme red 812:814 arg1 HERP 826:829 HERP 826:829 HERP 826:829 In this work, we demonstrated the potential action of the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) and its biomarker, formononetin, as antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs on experimental models. 26192808 4 74 theme red 812:814 arg1 propolis 816:823 red propolis 812:823 red propolis (HERP) 812:830 In this work, we demonstrated the potential action of the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) and its biomarker, formononetin, as antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs on experimental models. 26192808 10 75 dep 10 1874:1875 arg1 P<0.05 1890:1895 P<0.05 1890:1895 P<0.05 1890:1895 In the formalin test, all HERP doses (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.001) inhibited the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking, but the inhibition of neurogenic pain was observed only when the higher doses (10 and 30mg/kg; P<0.05) were used. 26192808 10 76 dep doses 1685:1689 arg1 P<0.001 1712:1718 P<0.001 1712:1718 P<0.001 1712:1718 In the formalin test, all HERP doses (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.001) inhibited the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking, but the inhibition of neurogenic pain was observed only when the higher doses (10 and 30mg/kg; P<0.05) were used. 26192808 10 76 dep doses 1685:1689 arg1 10 1695:1696 10 1695:1696 10 1695:1696 In the formalin test, all HERP doses (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.001) inhibited the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking, but the inhibition of neurogenic pain was observed only when the higher doses (10 and 30mg/kg; P<0.05) were used. 26192808 10 76 dep doses 1685:1689 arg1 30mg/kg 1703:1709 30mg/kg 1703:1709 30mg/kg 1703:1709 In the formalin test, all HERP doses (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.001) inhibited the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking, but the inhibition of neurogenic pain was observed only when the higher doses (10 and 30mg/kg; P<0.05) were used. 26192808 10 76 dep doses 1685:1689 arg1 3 1692:1692 3 1692:1692 3 1692:1692 In the formalin test, all HERP doses (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.001) inhibited the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking, but the inhibition of neurogenic pain was observed only when the higher doses (10 and 30mg/kg; P<0.05) were used. 26192808 10 77 theme inflammatory 1747:1758 arg1 phase 1740:1744 the late phase 1731:1744 the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking 1731:1792 In the formalin test, all HERP doses (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.001) inhibited the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking, but the inhibition of neurogenic pain was observed only when the higher doses (10 and 30mg/kg; P<0.05) were used. 26192808 10 77 theme inflammatory 1747:1758 arg1 pain 1760:1763 inflammatory pain 1747:1763 inflammatory pain 1747:1763 In the formalin test, all HERP doses (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.001) inhibited the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking, but the inhibition of neurogenic pain was observed only when the higher doses (10 and 30mg/kg; P<0.05) were used. 26192808 10 78 theme formalin 1661:1668 arg1 test 1670:1673 the formalin test 1657:1673 the formalin test 1657:1673 In the formalin test, all HERP doses (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.001) inhibited the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking, but the inhibition of neurogenic pain was observed only when the higher doses (10 and 30mg/kg; P<0.05) were used. 26192808 9 79 theme writhes 1584:1590 arg1 number 1564:1569 the number 1560:1569 the number of abdominal writhes 1560:1590 Pretreatment with the HERP (10 and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) produced reduction (P<0.001) in the number of abdominal writhes, but the HERP was more effective (P<0.001) than formononetin. 26192808 6 80 theme oral 1291:1294 arg1 administration 1296:1309 oral administration 1291:1309 oral administration 1291:1309 The biological activities of the HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) were evaluated using the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models in mice after oral administration. 26192808 4 81 theme extract 801:807 arg1 action 772:777 the potential action 758:777 the potential action of the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) and its biomarker, formononetin, 758:863 In this work, we demonstrated the potential action of the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) and its biomarker, formononetin, as antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs on experimental models. 26192808 4 81 theme extract 801:807 arg1 drugs 906:910 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs 868:910 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs on experimental models 868:933 In this work, we demonstrated the potential action of the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) and its biomarker, formononetin, as antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs on experimental models. 26192808 4 82 theme antinociceptive 868:882 arg1 action 772:777 the potential action 758:777 the potential action of the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) and its biomarker, formononetin, 758:863 In this work, we demonstrated the potential action of the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) and its biomarker, formononetin, as antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs on experimental models. 26192808 4 82 theme antinociceptive 868:882 arg1 drugs 906:910 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs 868:910 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs on experimental models 868:933 In this work, we demonstrated the potential action of the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) and its biomarker, formononetin, as antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs on experimental models. 26192808 8 83 theme biomarker 1390:1398 arg1 one 1374:1376 one 1374:1376 one 1374:1376 RESULTS Formononetin, one of the main biomarker of red propolis, was identified in the HERP (21.62mg/g). 26192808 8 83 theme biomarker 1390:1398 arg1 Formononetin 1360:1371 RESULTS Formononetin 1352:1371 RESULTS Formononetin 1352:1371 RESULTS Formononetin, one of the main biomarker of red propolis, was identified in the HERP (21.62mg/g). 26192808 8 83 theme biomarker 1390:1398 arg1 biomarker 1390:1398 the main biomarker 1381:1398 the main biomarker of red propolis 1381:1414 RESULTS Formononetin, one of the main biomarker of red propolis, was identified in the HERP (21.62mg/g). 26192808 10 84 theme formalin-induced 1769:1784 arg1 licking 1786:1792 formalin-induced licking 1769:1792 formalin-induced licking 1769:1792 In the formalin test, all HERP doses (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.001) inhibited the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking, but the inhibition of neurogenic pain was observed only when the higher doses (10 and 30mg/kg; P<0.05) were used. 26192808 10 85 theme HERP 1680:1683 arg1 doses 1685:1689 all HERP doses 1676:1689 all HERP doses (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.001) 1676:1719 In the formalin test, all HERP doses (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.001) inhibited the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking, but the inhibition of neurogenic pain was observed only when the higher doses (10 and 30mg/kg; P<0.05) were used. 26192808 18 86 theme anti-inflammatory 2876:2892 arg1 activity 2894:2901 significant anti-inflammatory activity 2864:2901 significant anti-inflammatory activity 2864:2901 CONCLUSIONS The HERP and formononetin presented significant anti-inflammatory activity. 26192808 14 87 theme spontaneous 2399:2409 arg1 behaviour 2417:2425 the spontaneous motor behaviour 2395:2425 the spontaneous motor behaviour 2395:2425 There were no significant differences in the open field test after HERP administration, but formononetin decrease the spontaneous motor behaviour. 26192808 4 88 theme anti-inflammatory 888:904 arg1 action 772:777 the potential action 758:777 the potential action of the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) and its biomarker, formononetin, 758:863 In this work, we demonstrated the potential action of the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) and its biomarker, formononetin, as antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs on experimental models. 26192808 4 88 theme anti-inflammatory 888:904 arg1 drugs 906:910 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs 868:910 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs on experimental models 868:933 In this work, we demonstrated the potential action of the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) and its biomarker, formononetin, as antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs on experimental models. 26192808 8 89 theme red 1403:1405 arg1 propolis 1407:1414 red propolis 1403:1414 red propolis 1403:1414 RESULTS Formononetin, one of the main biomarker of red propolis, was identified in the HERP (21.62mg/g). 26192808 19 90 theme other 3050:3054 arg1 constituents 3056:3067 other constituents 3050:3067 other constituents present in the extract 3050:3090 Moreover, the HERP presented antinociceptive action on inflammatory and neurogenic pain without motor side effects, possibly due to the action of other constituents present in the extract. 26192808 15 91 theme response 2590:2597 arg1 inhibition 2565:2574 a significant inhibition 2551:2574 a significant inhibition of the oedema response 2551:2597 Regarding the anti-inflammatory assessment, the HERP (10 and 30mg/kg, P<0.05) and formononetin (P<0.001) treatments caused a significant inhibition of the oedema response. 26192808 19 92 from present 3069:3075 arg1 extract 3084:3090 the extract 3080:3090 the extract 3080:3090 Moreover, the HERP presented antinociceptive action on inflammatory and neurogenic pain without motor side effects, possibly due to the action of other constituents present in the extract. 26192808 4 93 theme potential 762:770 arg1 action 772:777 the potential action 758:777 the potential action of the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) and its biomarker, formononetin, 758:863 In this work, we demonstrated the potential action of the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) and its biomarker, formononetin, as antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs on experimental models. 26192808 4 93 theme potential 762:770 arg1 drugs 906:910 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs 868:910 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs on experimental models 868:933 In this work, we demonstrated the potential action of the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) and its biomarker, formononetin, as antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drugs on experimental models. 26192808 3 94 theme propolis 605:612 arg1 extract 614:620 red propolis extract 601:620 red propolis extract 601:620 Since both the green and red varieties of propolis are traditionally used as medicine and commercialized with no label differentiation, the study of the activities of red propolis extract has become important in order to clarify whether this product has the same activities as commercial ones. 26192808 12 95 theme crescent 2117:2124 arg1 P<0.05 2138:2143 P<0.05 2138:2143 P<0.05 2138:2143 The responses in glutamate-induced model presented crescent inhibition (P<0.05) with 10 and 30mg/kg of HERP. 26192808 12 95 theme crescent 2117:2124 arg1 inhibition 2126:2135 crescent inhibition 2117:2135 crescent inhibition (P<0.05) 2117:2144 The responses in glutamate-induced model presented crescent inhibition (P<0.05) with 10 and 30mg/kg of HERP. 26192808 7 96 theme open 1316:1319 arg1 test 1327:1330 The open field test 1312:1330 The open field test 1312:1330 The open field test was also performed. 26192808 11 97 theme HERP 2024:2027 arg1 doses 2029:2033 all HERP doses 2020:2033 all HERP doses 2020:2033 Formononetin caused inhibition (P<0.001) only in the second phase of formalin-induced nociception similarly at all HERP doses in the same phase of the test. 26192808 10 98 theme pain 1828:1831 arg1 inhibition 1803:1812 the inhibition 1799:1812 the inhibition of neurogenic pain 1799:1831 In the formalin test, all HERP doses (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.001) inhibited the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking, but the inhibition of neurogenic pain was observed only when the higher doses (10 and 30mg/kg; P<0.05) were used. 26192808 1 99 theme folk 168:171 arg1 Propolis 140:147 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis 109:147 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis 109:147 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis has been used as a folk medicine for centuries around the world due to its wide spectrum of biological activities. 26192808 1 99 theme folk 168:171 arg1 medicine 173:180 a folk medicine 166:180 a folk medicine 166:180 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis has been used as a folk medicine for centuries around the world due to its wide spectrum of biological activities. 26192808 9 100 with Pretreatment 1457:1468 arg1 HERP 1479:1482 the HERP 1475:1482 the HERP (10 and 30mg/kg) 1475:1499 Pretreatment with the HERP (10 and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) produced reduction (P<0.001) in the number of abdominal writhes, but the HERP was more effective (P<0.001) than formononetin. 26192808 9 100 with Pretreatment 1457:1468 arg1 10mg/kg 1519:1525 10mg/kg 1519:1525 10mg/kg 1519:1525 Pretreatment with the HERP (10 and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) produced reduction (P<0.001) in the number of abdominal writhes, but the HERP was more effective (P<0.001) than formononetin. 26192808 9 100 with Pretreatment 1457:1468 arg1 30mg/kg 1492:1498 30mg/kg 1492:1498 30mg/kg 1492:1498 Pretreatment with the HERP (10 and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) produced reduction (P<0.001) in the number of abdominal writhes, but the HERP was more effective (P<0.001) than formononetin. 26192808 9 100 with Pretreatment 1457:1468 arg1 formononetin 1505:1516 formononetin 1505:1516 formononetin (10mg/kg) 1505:1526 Pretreatment with the HERP (10 and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) produced reduction (P<0.001) in the number of abdominal writhes, but the HERP was more effective (P<0.001) than formononetin. 26192808 9 100 with Pretreatment 1457:1468 arg1 10 1485:1486 10 1485:1486 10 1485:1486 Pretreatment with the HERP (10 and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) produced reduction (P<0.001) in the number of abdominal writhes, but the HERP was more effective (P<0.001) than formononetin. 26192808 3 101 contain has 684:686 arg2 activities 697:706 the same activities 688:706 the same activities as commercial ones 688:725 Since both the green and red varieties of propolis are traditionally used as medicine and commercialized with no label differentiation, the study of the activities of red propolis extract has become important in order to clarify whether this product has the same activities as commercial ones. 26192808 3 101 contain has 684:686 arg1 product 676:682 this product 671:682 this product 671:682 Since both the green and red varieties of propolis are traditionally used as medicine and commercialized with no label differentiation, the study of the activities of red propolis extract has become important in order to clarify whether this product has the same activities as commercial ones. 26192808 10 102 theme higher 1860:1865 arg1 doses 1867:1871 the higher doses 1856:1871 the higher doses (10 and 30mg/kg; P<0.05) 1856:1896 In the formalin test, all HERP doses (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.001) inhibited the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking, but the inhibition of neurogenic pain was observed only when the higher doses (10 and 30mg/kg; P<0.05) were used. 26192808 9 103 dep effective 1615:1623 arg1 P<0.001 1626:1632 P<0.001 1626:1632 P<0.001 1626:1632 Pretreatment with the HERP (10 and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) produced reduction (P<0.001) in the number of abdominal writhes, but the HERP was more effective (P<0.001) than formononetin. 26192808 9 103 dep effective 1615:1623 arg1 HERP 1601:1604 the HERP 1597:1604 the HERP 1597:1604 Pretreatment with the HERP (10 and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) produced reduction (P<0.001) in the number of abdominal writhes, but the HERP was more effective (P<0.001) than formononetin. 26192808 9 103 dep effective 1615:1623 arg1 effective 1615:1623 effective 1615:1623 effective 1615:1623 Pretreatment with the HERP (10 and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) produced reduction (P<0.001) in the number of abdominal writhes, but the HERP was more effective (P<0.001) than formononetin. 26192808 16 104 dep HERP 2613:2616 arg1 P<0.05 2639:2644 P<0.05 2639:2644 P<0.05 2639:2644 All doses of HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.05) and formononetin (P<0.001) also inhibited the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration. 26192808 16 104 dep HERP 2613:2616 arg1 10 2622:2623 10 2622:2623 10 2622:2623 All doses of HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.05) and formononetin (P<0.001) also inhibited the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration. 26192808 16 104 dep HERP 2613:2616 arg1 30mg/kg 2630:2636 30mg/kg 2630:2636 30mg/kg 2630:2636 All doses of HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.05) and formononetin (P<0.001) also inhibited the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration. 26192808 16 104 dep HERP 2613:2616 arg1 3 2619:2619 3 2619:2619 3 2619:2619 All doses of HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.05) and formononetin (P<0.001) also inhibited the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration. 26192808 14 105 theme field 2331:2335 arg1 test 2337:2340 the open field test 2322:2340 the open field test 2322:2340 There were no significant differences in the open field test after HERP administration, but formononetin decrease the spontaneous motor behaviour. 26192808 11 106 theme same 2042:2045 arg1 phase 2047:2051 the same phase 2038:2051 the same phase of the test 2038:2063 Formononetin caused inhibition (P<0.001) only in the second phase of formalin-induced nociception similarly at all HERP doses in the same phase of the test. 26192808 19 107 theme neurogenic 2976:2985 arg1 pain 2987:2990 inflammatory and neurogenic pain 2959:2990 inflammatory and neurogenic pain 2959:2990 Moreover, the HERP presented antinociceptive action on inflammatory and neurogenic pain without motor side effects, possibly due to the action of other constituents present in the extract. 26192808 19 108 from action 2949:2954 arg1 pain 2987:2990 inflammatory and neurogenic pain 2959:2990 inflammatory and neurogenic pain 2959:2990 Moreover, the HERP presented antinociceptive action on inflammatory and neurogenic pain without motor side effects, possibly due to the action of other constituents present in the extract. 26192808 18 109 dep CONCLUSIONS 2816:2826 arg1 formononetin 2841:2852 formononetin 2841:2852 formononetin 2841:2852 CONCLUSIONS The HERP and formononetin presented significant anti-inflammatory activity. 26192808 18 109 dep CONCLUSIONS 2816:2826 arg1 HERP 2832:2835 HERP 2832:2835 HERP 2832:2835 CONCLUSIONS The HERP and formononetin presented significant anti-inflammatory activity. 26192808 18 109 dep CONCLUSIONS 2816:2826 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 2816:2826 CONCLUSIONS The HERP and formononetin 2816:2852 CONCLUSIONS The HERP and formononetin 2816:2852 CONCLUSIONS The HERP and formononetin presented significant anti-inflammatory activity. 26192808 19 110 theme inflammatory 2959:2970 arg1 pain 2987:2990 inflammatory and neurogenic pain 2959:2990 inflammatory and neurogenic pain 2959:2990 Moreover, the HERP presented antinociceptive action on inflammatory and neurogenic pain without motor side effects, possibly due to the action of other constituents present in the extract. 26192808 6 111 theme HERP 1051:1054 arg1 activities 1033:1042 The biological activities 1018:1042 The biological activities of the HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) 1018:1102 The biological activities of the HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) were evaluated using the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models in mice after oral administration. 26192808 11 112 theme second 1962:1967 arg1 phase 1969:1973 the second phase 1958:1973 the second phase of formalin-induced nociception 1958:2005 Formononetin caused inhibition (P<0.001) only in the second phase of formalin-induced nociception similarly at all HERP doses in the same phase of the test. 26192808 19 113 theme side 3006:3009 arg1 effects 3011:3017 motor side effects 3000:3017 motor side effects 3000:3017 Moreover, the HERP presented antinociceptive action on inflammatory and neurogenic pain without motor side effects, possibly due to the action of other constituents present in the extract. 26192808 16 114 theme leukocyte 2713:2721 arg1 migration 2723:2731 the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration 2689:2731 the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration 2689:2731 All doses of HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.05) and formononetin (P<0.001) also inhibited the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration. 26192808 1 115 theme ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL 109:128 arg1 Propolis 140:147 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis 109:147 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis 109:147 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis has been used as a folk medicine for centuries around the world due to its wide spectrum of biological activities. 26192808 1 115 theme ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL 109:128 arg1 medicine 173:180 a folk medicine 166:180 a folk medicine 166:180 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis has been used as a folk medicine for centuries around the world due to its wide spectrum of biological activities. 26192808 15 116 dep HERP 2476:2479 arg1 treatments 2533:2542 treatments 2533:2542 treatments 2533:2542 Regarding the anti-inflammatory assessment, the HERP (10 and 30mg/kg, P<0.05) and formononetin (P<0.001) treatments caused a significant inhibition of the oedema response. 26192808 15 116 dep HERP 2476:2479 arg1 P<0.05 2498:2503 P<0.05 2498:2503 P<0.05 2498:2503 Regarding the anti-inflammatory assessment, the HERP (10 and 30mg/kg, P<0.05) and formononetin (P<0.001) treatments caused a significant inhibition of the oedema response. 26192808 15 116 dep HERP 2476:2479 arg1 30mg/kg 2489:2495 30mg/kg 2489:2495 30mg/kg 2489:2495 Regarding the anti-inflammatory assessment, the HERP (10 and 30mg/kg, P<0.05) and formononetin (P<0.001) treatments caused a significant inhibition of the oedema response. 26192808 15 116 dep HERP 2476:2479 arg1 10 2482:2483 10 2482:2483 10 2482:2483 Regarding the anti-inflammatory assessment, the HERP (10 and 30mg/kg, P<0.05) and formononetin (P<0.001) treatments caused a significant inhibition of the oedema response. 26192808 3 117 theme red 459:461 arg1 green 449:453 green 449:453 green 449:453 Since both the green and red varieties of propolis are traditionally used as medicine and commercialized with no label differentiation, the study of the activities of red propolis extract has become important in order to clarify whether this product has the same activities as commercial ones. 26192808 3 117 theme red 459:461 arg1 varieties 463:471 red varieties 459:471 red varieties 459:471 Since both the green and red varieties of propolis are traditionally used as medicine and commercialized with no label differentiation, the study of the activities of red propolis extract has become important in order to clarify whether this product has the same activities as commercial ones. 26192808 3 117 theme red 459:461 arg1 medicine 511:518 medicine 511:518 medicine 511:518 Since both the green and red varieties of propolis are traditionally used as medicine and commercialized with no label differentiation, the study of the activities of red propolis extract has become important in order to clarify whether this product has the same activities as commercial ones. 26192808 0 118 theme Brazilian 49:57 arg1 extract 72:78 Brazilian red propolis extract 49:78 Brazilian red propolis extract 49:78 Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Brazilian red propolis extract and formononetin in rodents. 26192808 20 119 theme product 3160:3166 arg1 usage 3138:3142 the popular usage 3126:3142 the popular usage of this natural product 3126:3166 These results, together, support the popular usage of this natural product. 26192808 6 120 theme biological 1022:1031 arg1 activities 1033:1042 The biological activities 1018:1042 The biological activities of the HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) 1018:1102 The biological activities of the HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) were evaluated using the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models in mice after oral administration. 26192808 11 121 theme nociception 1995:2005 arg1 phase 1969:1973 the second phase 1958:1973 the second phase of formalin-induced nociception 1958:2005 Formononetin caused inhibition (P<0.001) only in the second phase of formalin-induced nociception similarly at all HERP doses in the same phase of the test. 26192808 0 122 theme propolis 63:70 arg1 extract 72:78 Brazilian red propolis extract 49:78 Brazilian red propolis extract 49:78 Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Brazilian red propolis extract and formononetin in rodents. 26192808 14 123 theme significant 2295:2305 arg1 differences 2307:2317 no significant differences 2292:2317 no significant differences 2292:2317 There were no significant differences in the open field test after HERP administration, but formononetin decrease the spontaneous motor behaviour. 26192808 6 124 theme formononetin 1081:1092 arg1 activities 1033:1042 The biological activities 1018:1042 The biological activities of the HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) 1018:1102 The biological activities of the HERP (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) and formononetin (10mg/kg) were evaluated using the antinociceptive (acetic acid, formalin, and glutamate injections) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and peritonitis) models in mice after oral administration. 26192808 8 125 theme RESULTS 1352:1358 arg1 one 1374:1376 one 1374:1376 one 1374:1376 RESULTS Formononetin, one of the main biomarker of red propolis, was identified in the HERP (21.62mg/g). 26192808 8 125 theme RESULTS 1352:1358 arg1 Formononetin 1360:1371 RESULTS Formononetin 1352:1371 RESULTS Formononetin 1352:1371 RESULTS Formononetin, one of the main biomarker of red propolis, was identified in the HERP (21.62mg/g). 26192808 8 125 theme RESULTS 1352:1358 arg1 biomarker 1390:1398 the main biomarker 1381:1398 the main biomarker of red propolis 1381:1414 RESULTS Formononetin, one of the main biomarker of red propolis, was identified in the HERP (21.62mg/g). 26192808 10 126 dep doses 1867:1871 arg1 30mg/kg 1881:1887 30mg/kg 1881:1887 30mg/kg 1881:1887 In the formalin test, all HERP doses (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.001) inhibited the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking, but the inhibition of neurogenic pain was observed only when the higher doses (10 and 30mg/kg; P<0.05) were used. 26192808 10 126 dep doses 1867:1871 arg1 10 1874:1875 10 1874:1875 10 1874:1875 In the formalin test, all HERP doses (3, 10, and 30mg/kg, P<0.001) inhibited the late phase (inflammatory pain) of formalin-induced licking, but the inhibition of neurogenic pain was observed only when the higher doses (10 and 30mg/kg; P<0.05) were used. 26192808 12 127 theme HERP 2169:2172 arg1 HERP 2169:2172 HERP 2169:2172 HERP 2169:2172 The responses in glutamate-induced model presented crescent inhibition (P<0.05) with 10 and 30mg/kg of HERP. 26192808 12 127 theme HERP 2169:2172 arg1 10 2151:2152 10 2151:2152 10 2151:2152 The responses in glutamate-induced model presented crescent inhibition (P<0.05) with 10 and 30mg/kg of HERP. 26192808 18 128 dep HERP 2832:2835 arg1 The 2828:2830 The 2828:2830 The 2828:2830 CONCLUSIONS The HERP and formononetin presented significant anti-inflammatory activity. 26192808 2 129 theme apimaterial 314:324 arg1 variety 298:304 a new Brazilian variety 282:304 a new Brazilian variety of this apimaterial 282:324 The red propolis, a new Brazilian variety of this apimaterial, has presented an unusual chemical composition, including isoflavones such as formononetin and biochanin A. 26192808 2 129 theme apimaterial 314:324 arg1 apimaterial 314:324 this apimaterial 309:324 this apimaterial 309:324 The red propolis, a new Brazilian variety of this apimaterial, has presented an unusual chemical composition, including isoflavones such as formononetin and biochanin A. 26192808 2 129 theme apimaterial 314:324 arg1 propolis 272:279 The red propolis 264:279 The red propolis 264:279 The red propolis, a new Brazilian variety of this apimaterial, has presented an unusual chemical composition, including isoflavones such as formononetin and biochanin A. 26192808 2 130 theme chemical 352:359 arg1 composition 361:371 an unusual chemical composition 341:371 an unusual chemical composition 341:371 The red propolis, a new Brazilian variety of this apimaterial, has presented an unusual chemical composition, including isoflavones such as formononetin and biochanin A. 26192808 1 131 theme biological 241:250 arg1 activities 252:261 biological activities 241:261 biological activities 241:261 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis has been used as a folk medicine for centuries around the world due to its wide spectrum of biological activities. 25986128 7 0 theme SlIPMS3 1323:1329 arg1 construct 1348:1356 an SlIPMS3 RNA interference construct 1320:1356 an SlIPMS3 RNA interference construct 1320:1356 M82 transformed with an SlIPMS3 RNA interference construct exhibited an acylsugar profile similar to that of IL8-1-1, whereas the expression of SlIPMS3 in IL8-1-1 partially restored the M82 acylsugar phenotype. 25986128 8 1 theme acid 1757:1760 arg1 acid 1731:1734 2-methylpropanoic acid 1713:1734 2-methylpropanoic acid 1713:1734 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 8 1 theme acid 1757:1760 arg1 acid 1757:1760 3-methylbutanoic acid 1740:1760 3-methylbutanoic acid 1740:1760 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 8 1 theme acid 1757:1760 arg1 amounts 1702:1708 varying amounts 1694:1708 varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains 1694:1772 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 3 2 theme leucine 732:738 arg1 metabolism 740:749 leucine metabolism 732:749 leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism 732:818 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 3 3 theme Solanum 533:539 arg1 IL8-1/8-1-1 566:576 IL8-1/8-1-1 566:576 IL8-1/8-1-1 566:576 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 3 3 theme Solanum 533:539 arg1 genome 558:563 the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome 529:563 the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism 529:818 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 6 4 theme nonfunctional 1261:1273 arg1 protein 1290:1296 a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein 1259:1296 a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein 1259:1296 In contrast, the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 encodes a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein. 25986128 6 4 theme nonfunctional 1261:1273 arg1 allele 1223:1228 the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele 1193:1228 the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 1193:1249 In contrast, the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 encodes a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein. 25986128 2 5 theme aliphatic 297:305 arg1 acids 307:311 aliphatic acids 297:311 aliphatic acids of different chain lengths esterified to sucrose, or less frequently to glucose 297:391 In the tomato clade of the Solanum genus, acylsugars consist of aliphatic acids of different chain lengths esterified to sucrose, or less frequently to glucose. 25986128 3 6 theme acid 772:775 arg1 chains 782:787 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains 754:787 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism 754:818 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 2 7 theme chain 326:330 arg1 lengths 332:338 different chain lengths 316:338 different chain lengths esterified to sucrose, or less frequently to glucose 316:391 In the tomato clade of the Solanum genus, acylsugars consist of aliphatic acids of different chain lengths esterified to sucrose, or less frequently to glucose. 25986128 1 8 theme Solanaceae 214:223 arg1 family 225:230 the Solanaceae family 210:230 the Solanaceae family 210:230 Acylsugars are insecticidal specialized metabolites produced in the glandular trichomes of plants in the Solanaceae family. 25986128 7 9 theme M82 1485:1487 arg1 phenotype 1499:1507 the M82 acylsugar phenotype 1481:1507 the M82 acylsugar phenotype 1481:1507 M82 transformed with an SlIPMS3 RNA interference construct exhibited an acylsugar profile similar to that of IL8-1-1, whereas the expression of SlIPMS3 in IL8-1-1 partially restored the M82 acylsugar phenotype. 25986128 5 10 theme carboxyl-terminal 1145:1161 arg1 acids 1173:1177 the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids 1141:1177 the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids 1141:1177 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 5 11 theme amino 1167:1171 arg1 acids 1173:1177 the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids 1141:1177 the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids 1141:1177 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 2 12 theme tomato 240:245 arg1 clade 247:251 the tomato clade 236:251 the tomato clade of the Solanum genus 236:272 In the tomato clade of the Solanum genus, acylsugars consist of aliphatic acids of different chain lengths esterified to sucrose, or less frequently to glucose. 25986128 8 13 theme pennellii 1555:1563 arg1 accessions 1565:1574 14 S. pennellii accessions 1549:1574 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species 1549:1646 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 7 14 theme SlIPMS3 1443:1449 arg1 expression 1429:1438 the expression 1425:1438 the expression of SlIPMS3 in IL8-1-1 1425:1460 M82 transformed with an SlIPMS3 RNA interference construct exhibited an acylsugar profile similar to that of IL8-1-1, whereas the expression of SlIPMS3 in IL8-1-1 partially restored the M82 acylsugar phenotype. 25986128 8 15 contain containing 1683:1692 arg2 amounts 1702:1708 varying amounts 1694:1708 varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains 1694:1772 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 8 15 contain containing 1683:1692 arg2 acid 1757:1760 3-methylbutanoic acid 1740:1760 3-methylbutanoic acid 1740:1760 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 8 15 contain containing 1683:1692 arg1 acylsugars 1672:1681 acylsugars 1672:1681 acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains 1672:1772 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 8 15 contain containing 1683:1692 arg2 acid 1731:1734 2-methylpropanoic acid 1713:1734 2-methylpropanoic acid 1713:1734 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 2 16 dep lengths 332:338 arg1 esterified 340:349 esterified 340:349 esterified to sucrose 340:360 In the tomato clade of the Solanum genus, acylsugars consist of aliphatic acids of different chain lengths esterified to sucrose, or less frequently to glucose. 25986128 2 16 dep lengths 332:338 arg1 frequently 371:380 frequently 371:380 frequently 371:380 In the tomato clade of the Solanum genus, acylsugars consist of aliphatic acids of different chain lengths esterified to sucrose, or less frequently to glucose. 25986128 6 17 theme IPMS 1285:1288 arg1 protein 1290:1296 a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein 1259:1296 a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein 1259:1296 In contrast, the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 encodes a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein. 25986128 6 17 theme IPMS 1285:1288 arg1 allele 1223:1228 the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele 1193:1228 the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 1193:1249 In contrast, the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 encodes a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein. 25986128 2 18 theme Solanum 260:266 arg1 genus 268:272 the Solanum genus 256:272 the Solanum genus 256:272 In the tomato clade of the Solanum genus, acylsugars consist of aliphatic acids of different chain lengths esterified to sucrose, or less frequently to glucose. 25986128 5 19 theme S. 948:949 arg1 version 1049:1055 a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version 1001:1055 a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids 1001:1177 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 5 19 theme S. 948:949 arg1 Solyc08g014230 977:990 Solyc08g014230 977:990 Solyc08g014230 977:990 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 5 19 theme S. 948:949 arg1 SlIPMS3 968:974 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 948:974 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) 948:991 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 0 20 theme Wild 96:99 arg1 Tomato 101:106 Wild Tomato 96:106 Wild Tomato 96:106 A Feedback-Insensitive Isopropylmalate Synthase Affects Acylsugar Composition in Cultivated and Wild Tomato. 25986128 1 21 from trichomes 187:195 arg1 family 225:230 the Solanaceae family 210:230 the Solanaceae family 210:230 Acylsugars are insecticidal specialized metabolites produced in the glandular trichomes of plants in the Solanaceae family. 25986128 5 22 theme M82 964:966 arg1 version 1049:1055 a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version 1001:1055 a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids 1001:1177 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 5 22 theme M82 964:966 arg1 Solyc08g014230 977:990 Solyc08g014230 977:990 Solyc08g014230 977:990 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 5 22 theme M82 964:966 arg1 SlIPMS3 968:974 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 948:974 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) 948:991 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 1 23 theme insecticidal 124:135 arg1 Acylsugars 109:118 Acylsugars 109:118 Acylsugars 109:118 Acylsugars are insecticidal specialized metabolites produced in the glandular trichomes of plants in the Solanaceae family. 25986128 1 23 theme insecticidal 124:135 arg1 metabolites 149:159 insecticidal specialized metabolites 124:159 insecticidal specialized metabolites produced in the glandular trichomes of plants in the Solanaceae family 124:230 Acylsugars are insecticidal specialized metabolites produced in the glandular trichomes of plants in the Solanaceae family. 25986128 5 24 theme inhibition-insensitive 1026:1047 arg1 version 1049:1055 a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version 1001:1055 a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids 1001:1177 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 5 24 theme inhibition-insensitive 1026:1047 arg1 SlIPMS3 968:974 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 948:974 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) 948:991 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 7 25 from expression 1429:1438 arg1 IL8-1-1 1454:1460 IL8-1-1 1454:1460 IL8-1-1 1454:1460 M82 transformed with an SlIPMS3 RNA interference construct exhibited an acylsugar profile similar to that of IL8-1-1, whereas the expression of SlIPMS3 in IL8-1-1 partially restored the M82 acylsugar phenotype. 25986128 8 26 theme occurrence 1620:1629 arg1 range 1611:1615 the geographical range 1594:1615 the geographical range of occurrence for this species 1594:1646 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 3 27 from acylsucroses 658:669 arg1 shift 637:641 shift 637:641 shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism 637:818 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 3 28 theme introgression 455:467 arg1 lines 469:473 introgression lines 455:473 introgression lines 455:473 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 3 29 dep Solanum 533:539 arg1 pennellii 541:549 pennellii 541:549 pennellii 541:549 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 0 30 theme Isopropylmalate 23:37 arg1 Synthase 39:46 A Feedback-Insensitive Isopropylmalate Synthase 0:46 A Feedback-Insensitive Isopropylmalate Synthase 0:46 A Feedback-Insensitive Isopropylmalate Synthase Affects Acylsugar Composition in Cultivated and Wild Tomato. 25986128 5 31 theme end 1014:1016 arg1 version 1049:1055 a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version 1001:1055 a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids 1001:1177 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 5 31 theme end 1014:1016 arg1 SlIPMS3 968:974 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 948:974 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) 948:991 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 3 32 theme acid 702:705 arg1 chains 712:717 abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains 676:717 abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism 676:818 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 5 33 theme biosynthesis 1093:1104 arg1 enzyme 1075:1080 the committing enzyme 1060:1080 the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis 1060:1104 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 5 33 theme biosynthesis 1093:1104 arg1 synthase 1123:1130 isopropylmalate synthase 1107:1130 isopropylmalate synthase 1107:1130 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 3 34 theme chromatography-mass 409:427 arg1 spectrometry 429:440 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 402:440 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines 402:473 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 3 35 theme abundant 676:683 arg1 chains 712:717 abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains 676:717 abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism 676:818 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 5 36 theme isopropylmalate 1107:1121 arg1 enzyme 1075:1080 the committing enzyme 1060:1080 the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis 1060:1104 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 5 36 theme isopropylmalate 1107:1121 arg1 synthase 1123:1130 isopropylmalate synthase 1107:1130 isopropylmalate synthase 1107:1130 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 8 37 theme varying 1694:1700 arg1 acid 1731:1734 2-methylpropanoic acid 1713:1734 2-methylpropanoic acid 1713:1734 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 8 37 theme varying 1694:1700 arg1 acid 1757:1760 3-methylbutanoic acid 1740:1760 3-methylbutanoic acid 1740:1760 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 8 37 theme varying 1694:1700 arg1 amounts 1702:1708 varying amounts 1694:1708 varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains 1694:1772 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 8 38 theme IPMS3 1516:1520 arg1 alleles 1522:1528 These IPMS3 alleles 1510:1528 These IPMS3 alleles 1510:1528 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 3 39 from region 503:508 arg1 IL8-1/8-1-1 566:576 IL8-1/8-1-1 566:576 IL8-1/8-1-1 566:576 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 3 39 from region 503:508 arg1 genome 558:563 the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome 529:563 the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism 529:818 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 5 40 theme committing 1064:1073 arg1 enzyme 1075:1080 the committing enzyme 1060:1080 the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis 1060:1104 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 5 40 theme committing 1064:1073 arg1 synthase 1123:1130 isopropylmalate synthase 1107:1130 isopropylmalate synthase 1107:1130 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 1 41 theme glandular 177:185 arg1 trichomes 187:195 the glandular trichomes 173:195 the glandular trichomes of plants in the Solanaceae family 173:230 Acylsugars are insecticidal specialized metabolites produced in the glandular trichomes of plants in the Solanaceae family. 25986128 8 42 theme acid 1731:1734 arg1 acid 1731:1734 2-methylpropanoic acid 1713:1734 2-methylpropanoic acid 1713:1734 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 8 42 theme acid 1731:1734 arg1 acid 1757:1760 3-methylbutanoic acid 1740:1760 3-methylbutanoic acid 1740:1760 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 8 42 theme acid 1731:1734 arg1 amounts 1702:1708 varying amounts 1694:1708 varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains 1694:1772 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 3 43 theme 2-methylpropanoic 754:770 arg1 chains 782:787 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains 754:787 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism 754:818 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 7 44 theme RNA 1331:1333 arg1 construct 1348:1356 an SlIPMS3 RNA interference construct 1320:1356 an SlIPMS3 RNA interference construct 1320:1356 M82 transformed with an SlIPMS3 RNA interference construct exhibited an acylsugar profile similar to that of IL8-1-1, whereas the expression of SlIPMS3 in IL8-1-1 partially restored the M82 acylsugar phenotype. 25986128 8 45 theme 3-methylbutanoic 1740:1755 arg1 acid 1757:1760 3-methylbutanoic acid 1740:1760 3-methylbutanoic acid 1740:1760 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 8 46 theme acyl 1762:1765 arg1 chains 1767:1772 acyl chains 1762:1772 acyl chains 1762:1772 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 7 47 theme acylsugar 1371:1379 arg1 profile 1381:1387 an acylsugar profile 1368:1387 an acylsugar profile similar to that of IL8-1-1 1368:1414 M82 transformed with an SlIPMS3 RNA interference construct exhibited an acylsugar profile similar to that of IL8-1-1, whereas the expression of SlIPMS3 in IL8-1-1 partially restored the M82 acylsugar phenotype. 25986128 1 48 theme plants 200:205 arg1 trichomes 187:195 the glandular trichomes 173:195 the glandular trichomes of plants in the Solanaceae family 173:230 Acylsugars are insecticidal specialized metabolites produced in the glandular trichomes of plants in the Solanaceae family. 25986128 3 49 theme acyl 777:780 arg1 chains 782:787 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains 754:787 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism 754:818 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 3 50 with acylsucroses 658:669 arg1 chains 712:717 abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains 676:717 abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism 676:818 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 2 51 theme lengths 332:338 arg1 acids 307:311 aliphatic acids 297:311 aliphatic acids of different chain lengths esterified to sucrose, or less frequently to glucose 297:391 In the tomato clade of the Solanum genus, acylsugars consist of aliphatic acids of different chain lengths esterified to sucrose, or less frequently to glucose. 25986128 3 52 attach derived 719:725 arg2 chains 712:717 abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains 676:717 abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism 676:818 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 3 52 attach derived 719:725 arg1 metabolism 740:749 leucine metabolism 732:749 leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism 732:818 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 2 53 theme different 316:324 arg1 lengths 332:338 different chain lengths 316:338 different chain lengths esterified to sucrose, or less frequently to glucose 316:391 In the tomato clade of the Solanum genus, acylsugars consist of aliphatic acids of different chain lengths esterified to sucrose, or less frequently to glucose. 25986128 3 54 theme cultivated 595:604 arg1 tomato 606:611 the cultivated tomato 591:611 the cultivated tomato 591:611 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 6 55 theme IPMS3 1217:1221 arg1 protein 1290:1296 a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein 1259:1296 a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein 1259:1296 In contrast, the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 encodes a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein. 25986128 6 55 theme IPMS3 1217:1221 arg1 allele 1223:1228 the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele 1193:1228 the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 1193:1249 In contrast, the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 encodes a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein. 25986128 3 56 theme valine 802:807 arg1 metabolism 809:818 valine metabolism 802:818 valine metabolism 802:818 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 8 57 theme S. 1552:1553 arg1 accessions 1565:1574 14 S. pennellii accessions 1549:1574 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species 1549:1646 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 1 58 theme specialized 137:147 arg1 Acylsugars 109:118 Acylsugars 109:118 Acylsugars 109:118 Acylsugars are insecticidal specialized metabolites produced in the glandular trichomes of plants in the Solanaceae family. 25986128 1 58 theme specialized 137:147 arg1 metabolites 149:159 insecticidal specialized metabolites 124:159 insecticidal specialized metabolites produced in the glandular trichomes of plants in the Solanaceae family 124:230 Acylsugars are insecticidal specialized metabolites produced in the glandular trichomes of plants in the Solanaceae family. 25986128 6 59 dep S. 1197:1198 arg1 pennellii 1200:1208 pennellii 1200:1208 pennellii 1200:1208 In contrast, the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 encodes a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein. 25986128 3 60 theme producing 648:656 arg1 acylsucroses 658:669 producing acylsucroses 648:669 producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism 648:818 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 5 61 theme product 1018:1024 arg1 version 1049:1055 a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version 1001:1055 a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids 1001:1177 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 5 61 theme product 1018:1024 arg1 SlIPMS3 968:974 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 948:974 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) 948:991 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 4 62 theme evidence 851:858 arg1 lines 842:846 multiple lines 833:846 multiple lines of evidence implicating a trichome-expressed gene from this region as playing a role in this shift 833:945 We describe multiple lines of evidence implicating a trichome-expressed gene from this region as playing a role in this shift. 25986128 2 63 theme genus 268:272 arg1 clade 247:251 the tomato clade 236:251 the tomato clade of the Solanum genus 236:272 In the tomato clade of the Solanum genus, acylsugars consist of aliphatic acids of different chain lengths esterified to sucrose, or less frequently to glucose. 25986128 8 64 from polymorphic 1534:1544 arg1 accessions 1565:1574 14 S. pennellii accessions 1549:1574 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species 1549:1646 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 8 65 theme geographical 1598:1609 arg1 range 1611:1615 the geographical range 1594:1615 the geographical range of occurrence for this species 1594:1646 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 6 66 theme truncated 1275:1283 arg1 protein 1290:1296 a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein 1259:1296 a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein 1259:1296 In contrast, the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 encodes a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein. 25986128 6 66 theme truncated 1275:1283 arg1 allele 1223:1228 the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele 1193:1228 the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 1193:1249 In contrast, the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 encodes a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein. 25986128 8 67 theme 2-methylpropanoic 1713:1729 arg1 acid 1731:1734 2-methylpropanoic acid 1713:1734 2-methylpropanoic acid 1713:1734 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 5 68 theme lycopersicum 951:962 arg1 version 1049:1055 a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version 1001:1055 a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids 1001:1177 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 5 68 theme lycopersicum 951:962 arg1 Solyc08g014230 977:990 Solyc08g014230 977:990 Solyc08g014230 977:990 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 5 68 theme lycopersicum 951:962 arg1 SlIPMS3 968:974 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 948:974 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) 948:991 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 7 69 dep exhibited 1358:1366 arg1 whereas 1417:1423 whereas 1417:1423 whereas 1417:1423 M82 transformed with an SlIPMS3 RNA interference construct exhibited an acylsugar profile similar to that of IL8-1-1, whereas the expression of SlIPMS3 in IL8-1-1 partially restored the M82 acylsugar phenotype. 25986128 7 70 theme acylsugar 1489:1497 arg1 phenotype 1499:1507 the M82 acylsugar phenotype 1481:1507 the M82 acylsugar phenotype 1481:1507 M82 transformed with an SlIPMS3 RNA interference construct exhibited an acylsugar profile similar to that of IL8-1-1, whereas the expression of SlIPMS3 in IL8-1-1 partially restored the M82 acylsugar phenotype. 25986128 8 71 from accessions 1565:1574 arg1 polymorphic 1534:1544 polymorphic 1534:1544 polymorphic 1534:1544 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 8 72 dep acid 1731:1734 arg1 chains 1767:1772 acyl chains 1762:1772 acyl chains 1762:1772 These IPMS3 alleles are polymorphic in 14 S. pennellii accessions spread throughout the geographical range of occurrence for this species and are associated with acylsugars containing varying amounts of 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains. 25986128 4 73 theme multiple 833:840 arg1 lines 842:846 multiple lines 833:846 multiple lines of evidence implicating a trichome-expressed gene from this region as playing a role in this shift 833:945 We describe multiple lines of evidence implicating a trichome-expressed gene from this region as playing a role in this shift. 25986128 0 74 theme Feedback-Insensitive 2:21 arg1 Synthase 39:46 A Feedback-Insensitive Isopropylmalate Synthase 0:46 A Feedback-Insensitive Isopropylmalate Synthase 0:46 A Feedback-Insensitive Isopropylmalate Synthase Affects Acylsugar Composition in Cultivated and Wild Tomato. 25986128 4 75 from region 908:913 arg1 gene 893:896 a trichome-expressed gene 872:896 a trichome-expressed gene from this region 872:913 We describe multiple lines of evidence implicating a trichome-expressed gene from this region as playing a role in this shift. 25986128 3 76 theme liquid 402:407 arg1 spectrometry 429:440 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 402:440 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines 402:473 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 3 77 theme lines 469:473 arg1 screening 442:450 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening 402:450 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines 402:473 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 5 78 theme functional 1003:1012 arg1 version 1049:1055 a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version 1001:1055 a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids 1001:1177 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 5 78 theme functional 1003:1012 arg1 SlIPMS3 968:974 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 948:974 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) 948:991 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 3 79 theme 3-methylbutanoic 685:700 arg1 chains 712:717 abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains 676:717 abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism 676:818 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 0 80 theme Acylsugar 56:64 arg1 Composition 66:76 Acylsugar Composition 56:76 Acylsugar Composition 56:76 A Feedback-Insensitive Isopropylmalate Synthase Affects Acylsugar Composition in Cultivated and Wild Tomato. 25986128 5 81 theme leucine 1085:1091 arg1 biosynthesis 1093:1104 leucine biosynthesis 1085:1104 leucine biosynthesis 1085:1104 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 7 82 theme similar 1389:1395 arg1 profile 1381:1387 an acylsugar profile 1368:1387 an acylsugar profile similar to that of IL8-1-1 1368:1414 M82 transformed with an SlIPMS3 RNA interference construct exhibited an acylsugar profile similar to that of IL8-1-1, whereas the expression of SlIPMS3 in IL8-1-1 partially restored the M82 acylsugar phenotype. 25986128 4 83 theme trichome-expressed 874:891 arg1 gene 893:896 a trichome-expressed gene 872:896 a trichome-expressed gene from this region 872:913 We describe multiple lines of evidence implicating a trichome-expressed gene from this region as playing a role in this shift. 25986128 6 84 theme LA0716 1210:1215 arg1 protein 1290:1296 a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein 1259:1296 a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein 1259:1296 In contrast, the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 encodes a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein. 25986128 6 84 theme LA0716 1210:1215 arg1 allele 1223:1228 the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele 1193:1228 the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 1193:1249 In contrast, the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 encodes a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein. 25986128 3 85 theme spectrometry 429:440 arg1 screening 442:450 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening 402:450 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines 402:473 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 6 86 theme S. 1197:1198 arg1 protein 1290:1296 a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein 1259:1296 a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein 1259:1296 In contrast, the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 encodes a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein. 25986128 6 86 theme S. 1197:1198 arg1 allele 1223:1228 the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele 1193:1228 the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 1193:1249 In contrast, the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 encodes a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein. 25986128 6 87 located found 1230:1234 arg2 allele 1223:1228 the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele 1193:1228 the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 1193:1249 In contrast, the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 encodes a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein. 25986128 6 87 located found 1230:1234 arg1 IL8-1/8-1-1 1239:1249 IL8-1/8-1-1 1239:1249 IL8-1/8-1-1 1239:1249 In contrast, the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 encodes a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein. 25986128 6 87 located found 1230:1234 arg2 protein 1290:1296 a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein 1259:1296 a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein 1259:1296 In contrast, the S. pennellii LA0716 IPMS3 allele found in IL8-1/8-1-1 encodes a nonfunctional truncated IPMS protein. 25986128 3 88 theme acyl 707:710 arg1 chains 712:717 abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains 676:717 abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism 676:818 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 3 89 theme chromosome 513:522 arg1 region 503:508 a region 501:508 a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism 501:818 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 3 90 attach derived 789:795 arg1 metabolism 809:818 valine metabolism 802:818 valine metabolism 802:818 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 3 90 attach derived 789:795 arg2 chains 782:787 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains 754:787 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism 754:818 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 5 91 theme enzyme 1075:1080 arg1 version 1049:1055 a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version 1001:1055 a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids 1001:1177 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 5 91 theme enzyme 1075:1080 arg1 SlIPMS3 968:974 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 948:974 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) 948:991 S. lycopersicum M82 SlIPMS3 (Solyc08g014230) encodes a functional end product inhibition-insensitive version of the committing enzyme of leucine biosynthesis, isopropylmalate synthase, missing the carboxyl-terminal 160 amino acids. 25986128 7 92 theme interference 1335:1346 arg1 construct 1348:1356 an SlIPMS3 RNA interference construct 1320:1356 an SlIPMS3 RNA interference construct 1320:1356 M82 transformed with an SlIPMS3 RNA interference construct exhibited an acylsugar profile similar to that of IL8-1-1, whereas the expression of SlIPMS3 in IL8-1-1 partially restored the M82 acylsugar phenotype. 25986128 3 93 theme LA0716 551:556 arg1 IL8-1/8-1-1 566:576 IL8-1/8-1-1 566:576 IL8-1/8-1-1 566:576 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 25986128 3 93 theme LA0716 551:556 arg1 genome 558:563 the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome 529:563 the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism 529:818 Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening of introgression lines, we previously identified a region of chromosome 8 in the Solanum pennellii LA0716 genome (IL8-1/8-1-1) that causes the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum to shift from producing acylsucroses with abundant 3-methylbutanoic acid acyl chains derived from leucine metabolism to 2-methylpropanoic acid acyl chains derived from valine metabolism. 28698002 9 0 theme pro-inflammatory 1921:1936 arg1 COX-2 1946:1950 COX-2 1946:1950 COX-2 1946:1950 These results were concomitant with a down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. 28698002 9 0 theme pro-inflammatory 1921:1936 arg1 enzymes 1938:1944 the pro-inflammatory enzymes 1917:1944 the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation 1917:2033 These results were concomitant with a down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. 28698002 9 0 theme pro-inflammatory 1921:1936 arg1 iNOS 1956:1959 iNOS 1956:1959 iNOS 1956:1959 These results were concomitant with a down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. 28698002 9 0 theme pro-inflammatory 1921:1936 arg1 decrease 1998:2005 a decrease 1996:2005 a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation 1996:2033 These results were concomitant with a down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. 28698002 6 1 theme spectrometry 1326:1337 arg1 detection 1339:1347 tandem mass spectrometry detection 1314:1347 tandem mass spectrometry detection 1314:1347 HPLC with diode array detection coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection with electrospray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) was performed to determine the phytochemical profile of the extract. 28698002 0 2 contain possesses 56:64 arg1 extract 48:54 The flavonol-enriched Cistus albidus chloroform extract 0:54 The flavonol-enriched Cistus albidus chloroform extract 0:54 The flavonol-enriched Cistus albidus chloroform extract possesses in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity. 28698002 0 2 contain possesses 56:64 arg2 activity 113:120 in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity 66:120 in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity 66:120 The flavonol-enriched Cistus albidus chloroform extract possesses in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity. 28698002 10 3 theme such 2166:2169 arg1 effects 2171:2177 such effects 2166:2177 such effects 2166:2177 HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed that flavonols such as kaempferol and quercetin derivatives were potentially responsible for such effects. 28698002 6 4 theme tandem 1314:1319 arg1 spectrometry 1326:1337 tandem mass spectrometry 1314:1337 tandem mass spectrometry detection 1314:1347 HPLC with diode array detection coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection with electrospray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) was performed to determine the phytochemical profile of the extract. 28698002 9 5 with concomitant 1879:1889 arg1 down-regulation 1898:1912 a down-regulation 1896:1912 a down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation 1896:2033 These results were concomitant with a down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. 28698002 4 6 used used 898:901 arg2 model 888:892 the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model 839:892 the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model 839:892 The tail immersion test and acetic-acid-induced writhing test were used to evaluate the anti-nociceptive action, while the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model was used to test the anti-inflammatory action. 28698002 1 7 theme anti-inflammatory 285:301 arg1 actions 324:330 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions 281:330 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions of C. albidus and its putative mechanism 281:371 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) has been traditionally used to treat various inflammatory diseases, but no systematic studies on the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions of C. albidus and its putative mechanism have been reported. 28698002 11 8 dep CONCLUSION 2180:2189 arg1 support 2205:2211 support 2205:2211 support the widespread use of C. albidus in popular medicine 2205:2264 CONCLUSION These results support the widespread use of C. albidus in popular medicine and indicate that this plant has therapeutic potential with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties based on the presence of flavonol derivatives. 28698002 11 8 dep CONCLUSION 2180:2189 arg1 indicate 2270:2277 indicate 2270:2277 indicate that this plant has therapeutic potential with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties based on the presence of flavonol derivatives 2270:2413 CONCLUSION These results support the widespread use of C. albidus in popular medicine and indicate that this plant has therapeutic potential with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties based on the presence of flavonol derivatives. 28698002 11 9 theme widespread 2217:2226 arg1 use 2228:2230 the widespread use 2213:2230 the widespread use of C. albidus in popular medicine 2213:2264 CONCLUSION These results support the widespread use of C. albidus in popular medicine and indicate that this plant has therapeutic potential with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties based on the presence of flavonol derivatives. 28698002 7 10 theme Significant 1476:1486 arg1 activity 1505:1512 Significant anti-nociceptive activity 1476:1512 Significant anti-nociceptive activity 1476:1512 RESULTS Significant anti-nociceptive activity was observed both in the tail immersion (59.63% reduction at 120min) and in the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg. 28698002 9 11 theme extract-treated 1964:1978 arg1 macrophages 1980:1990 extract-treated macrophages 1964:1990 extract-treated macrophages 1964:1990 These results were concomitant with a down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. 28698002 4 12 theme tail 724:727 arg1 test 739:742 The tail immersion test 720:742 The tail immersion test 720:742 The tail immersion test and acetic-acid-induced writhing test were used to evaluate the anti-nociceptive action, while the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model was used to test the anti-inflammatory action. 28698002 6 13 theme array 1287:1291 arg1 detection 1293:1301 diode array detection 1281:1301 diode array detection coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection with electrospray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) 1281:1397 HPLC with diode array detection coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection with electrospray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) was performed to determine the phytochemical profile of the extract. 28698002 3 14 theme chloroform 611:620 arg1 extract 622:628 A chloroform extract 609:628 A chloroform extract 609:628 MATERIALS AND METHODS A chloroform extract derived from C. albidus leaves was obtained by solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction. 28698002 11 15 theme derivatives 2403:2413 arg1 presence 2382:2389 the presence 2378:2389 the presence of flavonol derivatives 2378:2413 CONCLUSION These results support the widespread use of C. albidus in popular medicine and indicate that this plant has therapeutic potential with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties based on the presence of flavonol derivatives. 28698002 5 16 theme nuclear 1103:1109 arg1 NF-kB 1141:1145 NF-kB 1141:1145 NF-kB 1141:1145 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 5 16 theme nuclear 1103:1109 arg1 B 1138:1138 the nuclear transcription factor kappa B 1099:1138 the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways 1099:1165 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 1 17 theme various 221:227 arg1 diseases 242:249 various inflammatory diseases 221:249 various inflammatory diseases 221:249 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) has been traditionally used to treat various inflammatory diseases, but no systematic studies on the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions of C. albidus and its putative mechanism have been reported. 28698002 5 18 theme inducible 979:987 arg1 expression 1018:1027 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 979:1027 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 979:1027 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 10 19 dep kaempferol 2096:2105 arg1 derivatives 2121:2131 derivatives 2121:2131 derivatives 2121:2131 HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed that flavonols such as kaempferol and quercetin derivatives were potentially responsible for such effects. 28698002 6 20 theme diode 1281:1285 arg1 detection 1293:1301 diode array detection 1281:1301 diode array detection coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection with electrospray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) 1281:1397 HPLC with diode array detection coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection with electrospray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) was performed to determine the phytochemical profile of the extract. 28698002 11 21 theme albidus 2238:2244 arg1 use 2228:2230 the widespread use 2213:2230 the widespread use of C. albidus in popular medicine 2213:2264 CONCLUSION These results support the widespread use of C. albidus in popular medicine and indicate that this plant has therapeutic potential with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties based on the presence of flavonol derivatives. 28698002 5 22 theme factor 1125:1130 arg1 NF-kB 1141:1145 NF-kB 1141:1145 NF-kB 1141:1145 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 5 22 theme factor 1125:1130 arg1 B 1138:1138 the nuclear transcription factor kappa B 1099:1138 the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways 1099:1165 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 3 23 theme C. 643:644 arg1 albidus 646:652 C. albidus 643:652 C. albidus 643:652 MATERIALS AND METHODS A chloroform extract derived from C. albidus leaves was obtained by solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction. 28698002 1 24 theme anti-nociceptive 307:322 arg1 actions 324:330 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions 281:330 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions of C. albidus and its putative mechanism 281:371 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) has been traditionally used to treat various inflammatory diseases, but no systematic studies on the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions of C. albidus and its putative mechanism have been reported. 28698002 9 25 theme p38 2010:2012 arg1 MAPK 2014:2017 p38 MAPK 2010:2017 p38 MAPK phosphorylation 2010:2033 These results were concomitant with a down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. 28698002 3 26 dep MATERIALS 587:595 arg1 extract 622:628 A chloroform extract 609:628 A chloroform extract 609:628 MATERIALS AND METHODS A chloroform extract derived from C. albidus leaves was obtained by solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction. 28698002 10 27 theme HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS 2036:2053 arg1 analysis 2055:2062 HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis 2036:2062 HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis 2036:2062 HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed that flavonols such as kaempferol and quercetin derivatives were potentially responsible for such effects. 28698002 1 28 theme albidus 161:167 arg1 L 169:169 albidus L 161:169 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) 123:182 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) has been traditionally used to treat various inflammatory diseases, but no systematic studies on the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions of C. albidus and its putative mechanism have been reported. 28698002 5 29 theme iNOS 1012:1015 arg1 expression 1018:1027 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 979:1027 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 979:1027 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 5 30 theme oxide 996:1000 arg1 expression 1018:1027 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 979:1027 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 979:1027 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 11 31 theme therapeutic 2299:2309 arg1 potential 2311:2319 therapeutic potential 2299:2319 therapeutic potential 2299:2319 CONCLUSION These results support the widespread use of C. albidus in popular medicine and indicate that this plant has therapeutic potential with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties based on the presence of flavonol derivatives. 28698002 5 32 theme signaling 1148:1156 arg1 pathways 1158:1165 the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways 1099:1165 the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways 1099:1165 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 8 33 theme LPS-stimulated 1814:1827 arg1 macrophages 1847:1857 LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1814:1857 LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1814:1857 The extract (50mg/kg) exhibited a substantial reduction in paw edema (51.6%) and significantly inhibited nitrite generation (72.62%) without affecting cell viability of LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. 28698002 7 34 dep RESULTS 1468:1474 arg1 observed 1518:1525 observed 1518:1525 was observed both in the tail immersion (59.63% reduction at 120min) and in the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg 1514:1642 RESULTS Significant anti-nociceptive activity was observed both in the tail immersion (59.63% reduction at 120min) and in the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg. 28698002 2 35 theme liquid 530:535 arg1 chromatography 537:550 liquid chromatography 530:550 liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) 530:584 We aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of this plant and to characterize its polyphenolic composition by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). 28698002 4 36 theme acetic-acid-induced 748:766 arg1 test 777:780 acetic-acid-induced writhing test 748:780 acetic-acid-induced writhing test 748:780 The tail immersion test and acetic-acid-induced writhing test were used to evaluate the anti-nociceptive action, while the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model was used to test the anti-inflammatory action. 28698002 8 37 theme peritoneal 1836:1845 arg1 macrophages 1847:1857 LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1814:1857 LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1814:1857 The extract (50mg/kg) exhibited a substantial reduction in paw edema (51.6%) and significantly inhibited nitrite generation (72.62%) without affecting cell viability of LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. 28698002 3 38 attach derived 630:636 arg2 MATERIALS 587:595 MATERIALS 587:595 MATERIALS 587:595 MATERIALS AND METHODS A chloroform extract derived from C. albidus leaves was obtained by solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction. 28698002 3 38 attach derived 630:636 arg1 albidus 646:652 C. albidus 643:652 C. albidus 643:652 MATERIALS AND METHODS A chloroform extract derived from C. albidus leaves was obtained by solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction. 28698002 5 39 theme B 1138:1138 arg1 pathways 1158:1165 the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways 1099:1165 the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways 1099:1165 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 7 40 theme 65.94 1607:1611 arg1 inhibition 1614:1623 65.94% inhibition 1607:1623 65.94% inhibition 1607:1623 RESULTS Significant anti-nociceptive activity was observed both in the tail immersion (59.63% reduction at 120min) and in the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg. 28698002 7 40 theme 65.94 1607:1611 arg1 acid 1601:1604 acetic acid 1594:1604 the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg 1590:1642 RESULTS Significant anti-nociceptive activity was observed both in the tail immersion (59.63% reduction at 120min) and in the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg. 28698002 2 41 theme mass 563:566 arg1 MS 582:583 MS 582:583 MS 582:583 We aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of this plant and to characterize its polyphenolic composition by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). 28698002 2 41 theme mass 563:566 arg1 spectrometry 568:579 mass spectrometry 563:579 mass spectrometry (MS) 563:584 We aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of this plant and to characterize its polyphenolic composition by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). 28698002 5 42 from role 1045:1048 arg1 macrophages 1224:1234 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1170:1234 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1170:1234 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 5 42 from role 1045:1048 arg1 COX 968:970 COX 968:970 COX 968:970 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 5 42 from role 1045:1048 arg1 expression 1018:1027 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 979:1027 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 979:1027 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 5 42 from role 1045:1048 arg1 cyclooxygenase 952:965 cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 952:973 cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 952:973 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 1 43 dep Cistus 154:159 arg1 L 169:169 albidus L 161:169 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) 123:182 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) has been traditionally used to treat various inflammatory diseases, but no systematic studies on the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions of C. albidus and its putative mechanism have been reported. 28698002 2 44 theme anti-inflammatory 417:433 arg1 effects 456:462 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects 413:462 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of this plant 413:476 We aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of this plant and to characterize its polyphenolic composition by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). 28698002 9 45 dep enzymes 1938:1944 arg1 COX-2 1946:1950 COX-2 1946:1950 COX-2 1946:1950 These results were concomitant with a down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. 28698002 9 45 dep enzymes 1938:1944 arg1 enzymes 1938:1944 the pro-inflammatory enzymes 1917:1944 the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation 1917:2033 These results were concomitant with a down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. 28698002 9 45 dep enzymes 1938:1944 arg1 iNOS 1956:1959 iNOS 1956:1959 iNOS 1956:1959 These results were concomitant with a down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. 28698002 9 45 dep enzymes 1938:1944 arg1 decrease 1998:2005 a decrease 1996:2005 a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation 1996:2033 These results were concomitant with a down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. 28698002 11 46 theme popular 2249:2255 arg1 medicine 2257:2264 popular medicine 2249:2264 popular medicine 2249:2264 CONCLUSION These results support the widespread use of C. albidus in popular medicine and indicate that this plant has therapeutic potential with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties based on the presence of flavonol derivatives. 28698002 11 47 contain has 2295:2297 arg1 plant 2289:2293 this plant 2284:2293 this plant 2284:2293 CONCLUSION These results support the widespread use of C. albidus in popular medicine and indicate that this plant has therapeutic potential with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties based on the presence of flavonol derivatives. 28698002 11 47 contain has 2295:2297 arg2 potential 2311:2319 therapeutic potential 2299:2319 therapeutic potential 2299:2319 CONCLUSION These results support the widespread use of C. albidus in popular medicine and indicate that this plant has therapeutic potential with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties based on the presence of flavonol derivatives. 28698002 5 48 theme murine 1206:1211 arg1 macrophages 1224:1234 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1170:1234 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1170:1234 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 2 49 theme plant 472:476 arg1 effects 456:462 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects 413:462 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of this plant 413:476 We aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of this plant and to characterize its polyphenolic composition by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). 28698002 4 50 theme anti-nociceptive 808:823 arg1 action 825:830 the anti-nociceptive action 804:830 the anti-nociceptive action 804:830 The tail immersion test and acetic-acid-induced writhing test were used to evaluate the anti-nociceptive action, while the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model was used to test the anti-inflammatory action. 28698002 0 51 dep in 66:67 arg1 vivo 69:72 vivo 69:72 vivo 69:72 The flavonol-enriched Cistus albidus chloroform extract possesses in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity. 28698002 0 51 dep in 66:67 arg1 anti-nociceptive 96:111 anti-nociceptive 96:111 anti-nociceptive 96:111 The flavonol-enriched Cistus albidus chloroform extract possesses in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity. 28698002 0 51 dep in 66:67 arg1 anti-inflammatory 74:90 anti-inflammatory 74:90 anti-inflammatory 74:90 The flavonol-enriched Cistus albidus chloroform extract possesses in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity. 28698002 0 52 theme Cistus 22:27 arg1 extract 48:54 The flavonol-enriched Cistus albidus chloroform extract 0:54 The flavonol-enriched Cistus albidus chloroform extract 0:54 The flavonol-enriched Cistus albidus chloroform extract possesses in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity. 28698002 7 53 theme acetic 1594:1599 arg1 inhibition 1614:1623 65.94% inhibition 1607:1623 65.94% inhibition 1607:1623 RESULTS Significant anti-nociceptive activity was observed both in the tail immersion (59.63% reduction at 120min) and in the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg. 28698002 7 53 theme acetic 1594:1599 arg1 acid 1601:1604 acetic acid 1594:1604 the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg 1590:1642 RESULTS Significant anti-nociceptive activity was observed both in the tail immersion (59.63% reduction at 120min) and in the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg. 28698002 3 54 theme liquid-liquid 694:706 arg1 extraction 708:717 solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction 677:717 solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction 677:717 MATERIALS AND METHODS A chloroform extract derived from C. albidus leaves was obtained by solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction. 28698002 2 55 theme anti-nociceptive 439:454 arg1 effects 456:462 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects 413:462 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of this plant 413:476 We aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of this plant and to characterize its polyphenolic composition by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). 28698002 0 56 theme chloroform 37:46 arg1 extract 48:54 The flavonol-enriched Cistus albidus chloroform extract 0:54 The flavonol-enriched Cistus albidus chloroform extract 0:54 The flavonol-enriched Cistus albidus chloroform extract possesses in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity. 28698002 1 57 theme C. 335:336 arg1 albidus 338:344 C. albidus 335:344 C. albidus 335:344 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) has been traditionally used to treat various inflammatory diseases, but no systematic studies on the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions of C. albidus and its putative mechanism have been reported. 28698002 5 58 theme protein 1071:1077 arg1 MAPKs 1088:1092 MAPKs 1088:1092 MAPKs 1088:1092 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 5 58 theme protein 1071:1077 arg1 kinases 1079:1085 mitogen-activated protein kinases 1053:1085 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) 1053:1093 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 3 59 theme solid-liquid 677:688 arg1 extraction 708:717 solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction 677:717 solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction 677:717 MATERIALS AND METHODS A chloroform extract derived from C. albidus leaves was obtained by solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction. 28698002 1 60 theme putative 354:361 arg1 mechanism 363:371 its putative mechanism 350:371 its putative mechanism 350:371 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) has been traditionally used to treat various inflammatory diseases, but no systematic studies on the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions of C. albidus and its putative mechanism have been reported. 28698002 4 61 theme λ-carrageenan-induced 856:876 arg1 model 888:892 the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model 839:892 the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model 839:892 The tail immersion test and acetic-acid-induced writhing test were used to evaluate the anti-nociceptive action, while the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model was used to test the anti-inflammatory action. 28698002 8 62 theme substantial 1679:1689 arg1 reduction 1691:1699 a substantial reduction 1677:1699 a substantial reduction in paw edema (51.6%) 1677:1720 The extract (50mg/kg) exhibited a substantial reduction in paw edema (51.6%) and significantly inhibited nitrite generation (72.62%) without affecting cell viability of LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. 28698002 8 62 theme substantial 1679:1689 arg1 % 1719:1719 51.6% 1715:1719 51.6% 1715:1719 The extract (50mg/kg) exhibited a substantial reduction in paw edema (51.6%) and significantly inhibited nitrite generation (72.62%) without affecting cell viability of LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. 28698002 7 63 from 100mg/kg 1635:1642 arg1 tests 1626:1630 the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests 1590:1630 the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg 1590:1642 RESULTS Significant anti-nociceptive activity was observed both in the tail immersion (59.63% reduction at 120min) and in the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg. 28698002 5 64 theme LPS 1190:1192 arg1 macrophages 1224:1234 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1170:1234 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1170:1234 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 4 65 theme edema 882:886 arg1 model 888:892 the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model 839:892 the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model 839:892 The tail immersion test and acetic-acid-induced writhing test were used to evaluate the anti-nociceptive action, while the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model was used to test the anti-inflammatory action. 28698002 7 66 from 120min 1575:1580 arg1 reduction 1562:1570 59.63% reduction 1555:1570 59.63% reduction 1555:1570 RESULTS Significant anti-nociceptive activity was observed both in the tail immersion (59.63% reduction at 120min) and in the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg. 28698002 7 67 theme % 1560:1560 arg1 reduction 1562:1570 59.63% reduction 1555:1570 59.63% reduction 1555:1570 RESULTS Significant anti-nociceptive activity was observed both in the tail immersion (59.63% reduction at 120min) and in the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg. 28698002 1 68 theme albidus 338:344 arg1 actions 324:330 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions 281:330 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions of C. albidus and its putative mechanism 281:371 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) has been traditionally used to treat various inflammatory diseases, but no systematic studies on the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions of C. albidus and its putative mechanism have been reported. 28698002 5 69 theme pathways 1158:1165 arg1 role 1045:1048 the role 1041:1048 the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1041:1234 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 5 69 theme pathways 1158:1165 arg1 Changes 941:947 Changes 941:947 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 941:1027 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 9 70 theme enzymes 1938:1944 arg1 down-regulation 1898:1912 a down-regulation 1896:1912 a down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation 1896:2033 These results were concomitant with a down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. 28698002 6 71 theme mass 1321:1324 arg1 spectrometry 1326:1337 tandem mass spectrometry 1314:1337 tandem mass spectrometry detection 1314:1347 HPLC with diode array detection coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection with electrospray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) was performed to determine the phytochemical profile of the extract. 28698002 5 72 theme western 1253:1259 arg1 blotting 1261:1268 western blotting 1253:1268 western blotting 1253:1268 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 7 73 theme tail 1539:1542 arg1 immersion 1544:1552 the tail immersion 1535:1552 the tail immersion (59.63% reduction at 120min) 1535:1581 RESULTS Significant anti-nociceptive activity was observed both in the tail immersion (59.63% reduction at 120min) and in the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg. 28698002 9 74 from COX-2 1946:1950 arg1 phosphorylation 2019:2033 p38 MAPK phosphorylation 2010:2033 p38 MAPK phosphorylation 2010:2033 These results were concomitant with a down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. 28698002 9 74 from COX-2 1946:1950 arg1 macrophages 1980:1990 extract-treated macrophages 1964:1990 extract-treated macrophages 1964:1990 These results were concomitant with a down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. 28698002 11 75 theme C. 2235:2236 arg1 albidus 2238:2244 C. albidus 2235:2244 C. albidus 2235:2244 CONCLUSION These results support the widespread use of C. albidus in popular medicine and indicate that this plant has therapeutic potential with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties based on the presence of flavonol derivatives. 28698002 4 76 theme anti-inflammatory 915:931 arg1 action 933:938 the anti-inflammatory action 911:938 the anti-inflammatory action 911:938 The tail immersion test and acetic-acid-induced writhing test were used to evaluate the anti-nociceptive action, while the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model was used to test the anti-inflammatory action. 28698002 7 77 theme anti-nociceptive 1488:1503 arg1 activity 1505:1512 Significant anti-nociceptive activity 1476:1512 Significant anti-nociceptive activity 1476:1512 RESULTS Significant anti-nociceptive activity was observed both in the tail immersion (59.63% reduction at 120min) and in the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg. 28698002 11 78 theme flavonol 2394:2401 arg1 derivatives 2403:2413 flavonol derivatives 2394:2413 flavonol derivatives 2394:2413 CONCLUSION These results support the widespread use of C. albidus in popular medicine and indicate that this plant has therapeutic potential with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties based on the presence of flavonol derivatives. 28698002 11 79 from use 2228:2230 arg1 medicine 2257:2264 popular medicine 2249:2264 popular medicine 2249:2264 CONCLUSION These results support the widespread use of C. albidus in popular medicine and indicate that this plant has therapeutic potential with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties based on the presence of flavonol derivatives. 28698002 8 80 theme nitrite 1750:1756 arg1 generation 1758:1767 nitrite generation 1750:1767 nitrite generation (72.62%) 1750:1776 The extract (50mg/kg) exhibited a substantial reduction in paw edema (51.6%) and significantly inhibited nitrite generation (72.62%) without affecting cell viability of LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. 28698002 8 80 theme nitrite 1750:1756 arg1 % 1775:1775 72.62% 1770:1775 72.62% 1770:1775 The extract (50mg/kg) exhibited a substantial reduction in paw edema (51.6%) and significantly inhibited nitrite generation (72.62%) without affecting cell viability of LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. 28698002 1 81 from studies 270:276 arg1 actions 324:330 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions 281:330 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions of C. albidus and its putative mechanism 281:371 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) has been traditionally used to treat various inflammatory diseases, but no systematic studies on the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions of C. albidus and its putative mechanism have been reported. 28698002 5 82 theme transcription 1111:1123 arg1 NF-kB 1141:1145 NF-kB 1141:1145 NF-kB 1141:1145 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 5 82 theme transcription 1111:1123 arg1 B 1138:1138 the nuclear transcription factor kappa B 1099:1138 the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways 1099:1165 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 1 83 theme inflammatory 229:240 arg1 diseases 242:249 various inflammatory diseases 221:249 various inflammatory diseases 221:249 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) has been traditionally used to treat various inflammatory diseases, but no systematic studies on the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions of C. albidus and its putative mechanism have been reported. 28698002 9 84 from decrease 1998:2005 arg1 phosphorylation 2019:2033 p38 MAPK phosphorylation 2010:2033 p38 MAPK phosphorylation 2010:2033 These results were concomitant with a down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. 28698002 9 84 from decrease 1998:2005 arg1 macrophages 1980:1990 extract-treated macrophages 1964:1990 extract-treated macrophages 1964:1990 These results were concomitant with a down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. 28698002 7 85 dep immersion 1544:1552 arg1 reduction 1562:1570 59.63% reduction 1555:1570 59.63% reduction 1555:1570 RESULTS Significant anti-nociceptive activity was observed both in the tail immersion (59.63% reduction at 120min) and in the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg. 28698002 5 86 theme kappa 1132:1136 arg1 NF-kB 1141:1145 NF-kB 1141:1145 NF-kB 1141:1145 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 5 86 theme kappa 1132:1136 arg1 B 1138:1138 the nuclear transcription factor kappa B 1099:1138 the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways 1099:1165 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 9 87 theme MAPK 2014:2017 arg1 phosphorylation 2019:2033 p38 MAPK phosphorylation 2010:2033 p38 MAPK phosphorylation 2010:2033 These results were concomitant with a down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. 28698002 4 88 theme writhing 768:775 arg1 test 777:780 acetic-acid-induced writhing test 748:780 acetic-acid-induced writhing test 748:780 The tail immersion test and acetic-acid-induced writhing test were used to evaluate the anti-nociceptive action, while the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model was used to test the anti-inflammatory action. 28698002 6 89 theme electrospray 1354:1365 arg1 ionization 1367:1376 electrospray ionization 1354:1376 electrospray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) 1354:1397 HPLC with diode array detection coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection with electrospray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) was performed to determine the phytochemical profile of the extract. 28698002 6 89 theme electrospray 1354:1365 arg1 HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS 1379:1396 HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS 1379:1396 HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS 1379:1396 HPLC with diode array detection coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection with electrospray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) was performed to determine the phytochemical profile of the extract. 28698002 8 90 theme murine 1829:1834 arg1 macrophages 1847:1857 LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1814:1857 LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1814:1857 The extract (50mg/kg) exhibited a substantial reduction in paw edema (51.6%) and significantly inhibited nitrite generation (72.62%) without affecting cell viability of LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. 28698002 5 91 theme nitric 989:994 arg1 expression 1018:1027 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 979:1027 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 979:1027 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 6 92 with HPLC 1271:1274 arg1 detection 1293:1301 diode array detection 1281:1301 diode array detection coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection with electrospray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) 1281:1397 HPLC with diode array detection coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection with electrospray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) was performed to determine the phytochemical profile of the extract. 28698002 1 93 used used 207:210 arg2 Cistus 154:159 Cistus 154:159 Cistus 154:159 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) has been traditionally used to treat various inflammatory diseases, but no systematic studies on the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions of C. albidus and its putative mechanism have been reported. 28698002 1 93 used used 207:210 arg2 Cistaceae 173:181 Cistaceae 173:181 Cistaceae 173:181 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) has been traditionally used to treat various inflammatory diseases, but no systematic studies on the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions of C. albidus and its putative mechanism have been reported. 28698002 6 94 theme extract 1459:1465 arg1 profile 1444:1450 the phytochemical profile 1426:1450 the phytochemical profile of the extract 1426:1465 HPLC with diode array detection coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection with electrospray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) was performed to determine the phytochemical profile of the extract. 28698002 8 95 theme cell 1796:1799 arg1 viability 1801:1809 cell viability 1796:1809 cell viability of LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1796:1857 The extract (50mg/kg) exhibited a substantial reduction in paw edema (51.6%) and significantly inhibited nitrite generation (72.62%) without affecting cell viability of LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. 28698002 9 96 from iNOS 1956:1959 arg1 phosphorylation 2019:2033 p38 MAPK phosphorylation 2010:2033 p38 MAPK phosphorylation 2010:2033 These results were concomitant with a down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. 28698002 9 96 from iNOS 1956:1959 arg1 macrophages 1980:1990 extract-treated macrophages 1964:1990 extract-treated macrophages 1964:1990 These results were concomitant with a down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS in extract-treated macrophages and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. 28698002 4 97 theme immersion 729:737 arg1 test 739:742 The tail immersion test 720:742 The tail immersion test 720:742 The tail immersion test and acetic-acid-induced writhing test were used to evaluate the anti-nociceptive action, while the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model was used to test the anti-inflammatory action. 28698002 1 98 theme mechanism 363:371 arg1 actions 324:330 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions 281:330 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions of C. albidus and its putative mechanism 281:371 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) has been traditionally used to treat various inflammatory diseases, but no systematic studies on the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions of C. albidus and its putative mechanism have been reported. 28698002 5 99 from Changes 941:947 arg1 macrophages 1224:1234 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1170:1234 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1170:1234 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 5 99 from Changes 941:947 arg1 COX 968:970 COX 968:970 COX 968:970 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 5 99 from Changes 941:947 arg1 expression 1018:1027 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 979:1027 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 979:1027 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 5 99 from Changes 941:947 arg1 cyclooxygenase 952:965 cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 952:973 cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 952:973 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 7 100 theme % 1612:1612 arg1 inhibition 1614:1623 65.94% inhibition 1607:1623 65.94% inhibition 1607:1623 RESULTS Significant anti-nociceptive activity was observed both in the tail immersion (59.63% reduction at 120min) and in the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg. 28698002 7 100 theme % 1612:1612 arg1 acid 1601:1604 acetic acid 1594:1604 the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg 1590:1642 RESULTS Significant anti-nociceptive activity was observed both in the tail immersion (59.63% reduction at 120min) and in the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg. 28698002 6 101 theme phytochemical 1430:1442 arg1 profile 1444:1450 the phytochemical profile 1426:1450 the phytochemical profile of the extract 1426:1465 HPLC with diode array detection coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection with electrospray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) was performed to determine the phytochemical profile of the extract. 28698002 5 102 theme lipopolysaccharide 1170:1187 arg1 macrophages 1224:1234 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1170:1234 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1170:1234 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 4 103 used used 787:790 arg2 test 777:780 acetic-acid-induced writhing test 748:780 acetic-acid-induced writhing test 748:780 The tail immersion test and acetic-acid-induced writhing test were used to evaluate the anti-nociceptive action, while the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model was used to test the anti-inflammatory action. 28698002 4 103 used used 787:790 arg2 test 739:742 The tail immersion test 720:742 The tail immersion test 720:742 The tail immersion test and acetic-acid-induced writhing test were used to evaluate the anti-nociceptive action, while the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model was used to test the anti-inflammatory action. 28698002 11 104 theme anti-inflammatory 2340:2356 arg1 properties 2358:2367 analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties 2326:2367 analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties based on the presence of flavonol derivatives 2326:2413 CONCLUSION These results support the widespread use of C. albidus in popular medicine and indicate that this plant has therapeutic potential with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties based on the presence of flavonol derivatives. 28698002 8 105 theme macrophages 1847:1857 arg1 viability 1801:1809 cell viability 1796:1809 cell viability of LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1796:1857 The extract (50mg/kg) exhibited a substantial reduction in paw edema (51.6%) and significantly inhibited nitrite generation (72.62%) without affecting cell viability of LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. 28698002 11 106 theme analgesic 2326:2334 arg1 properties 2358:2367 analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties 2326:2367 analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties based on the presence of flavonol derivatives 2326:2413 CONCLUSION These results support the widespread use of C. albidus in popular medicine and indicate that this plant has therapeutic potential with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties based on the presence of flavonol derivatives. 28698002 0 107 theme flavonol-enriched 4:20 arg1 extract 48:54 The flavonol-enriched Cistus albidus chloroform extract 0:54 The flavonol-enriched Cistus albidus chloroform extract 0:54 The flavonol-enriched Cistus albidus chloroform extract possesses in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity. 28698002 5 108 theme synthase 1002:1009 arg1 expression 1018:1027 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 979:1027 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 979:1027 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 0 109 theme albidus 29:35 arg1 extract 48:54 The flavonol-enriched Cistus albidus chloroform extract 0:54 The flavonol-enriched Cistus albidus chloroform extract 0:54 The flavonol-enriched Cistus albidus chloroform extract possesses in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity. 28698002 5 110 theme peritoneal 1213:1222 arg1 macrophages 1224:1234 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1170:1234 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1170:1234 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 1 111 theme ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL 123:142 arg1 RELEVANCE 144:152 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 123:152 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) 123:182 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) has been traditionally used to treat various inflammatory diseases, but no systematic studies on the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions of C. albidus and its putative mechanism have been reported. 28698002 8 112 from reduction 1691:1699 arg1 edema 1708:1712 paw edema 1704:1712 paw edema 1704:1712 The extract (50mg/kg) exhibited a substantial reduction in paw edema (51.6%) and significantly inhibited nitrite generation (72.62%) without affecting cell viability of LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. 28698002 7 113 theme acid 1601:1604 arg1 tests 1626:1630 the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests 1590:1630 the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg 1590:1642 RESULTS Significant anti-nociceptive activity was observed both in the tail immersion (59.63% reduction at 120min) and in the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg. 28698002 5 114 theme mitogen-activated 1053:1069 arg1 MAPKs 1088:1092 MAPKs 1088:1092 MAPKs 1088:1092 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 5 114 theme mitogen-activated 1053:1069 arg1 kinases 1079:1085 mitogen-activated protein kinases 1053:1085 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) 1053:1093 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 2 115 theme polyphenolic 502:513 arg1 composition 515:525 its polyphenolic composition 498:525 its polyphenolic composition 498:525 We aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of this plant and to characterize its polyphenolic composition by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). 28698002 0 116 theme in 66:67 arg1 activity 113:120 in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity 66:120 in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity 66:120 The flavonol-enriched Cistus albidus chloroform extract possesses in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity. 28698002 7 117 located observed 1518:1525 arg1 immersion 1544:1552 the tail immersion 1535:1552 the tail immersion (59.63% reduction at 120min) 1535:1581 RESULTS Significant anti-nociceptive activity was observed both in the tail immersion (59.63% reduction at 120min) and in the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg. 28698002 7 117 located observed 1518:1525 arg2 activity 1505:1512 Significant anti-nociceptive activity 1476:1512 Significant anti-nociceptive activity 1476:1512 RESULTS Significant anti-nociceptive activity was observed both in the tail immersion (59.63% reduction at 120min) and in the acetic acid (65.94% inhibition) tests at 100mg/kg. 28698002 5 118 theme kinases 1079:1085 arg1 role 1045:1048 the role 1041:1048 the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1041:1234 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 5 118 theme kinases 1079:1085 arg1 Changes 941:947 Changes 941:947 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 941:1027 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 5 119 theme -stimulated 1194:1204 arg1 macrophages 1224:1234 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1170:1234 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages 1170:1234 Changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, as well as the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by western blotting. 28698002 4 120 theme experimental 843:854 arg1 model 888:892 the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model 839:892 the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model 839:892 The tail immersion test and acetic-acid-induced writhing test were used to evaluate the anti-nociceptive action, while the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model was used to test the anti-inflammatory action. 28698002 8 121 theme paw 1704:1706 arg1 edema 1708:1712 paw edema 1704:1712 paw edema 1704:1712 The extract (50mg/kg) exhibited a substantial reduction in paw edema (51.6%) and significantly inhibited nitrite generation (72.62%) without affecting cell viability of LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. 28698002 4 122 theme paw 878:880 arg1 model 888:892 the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model 839:892 the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model 839:892 The tail immersion test and acetic-acid-induced writhing test were used to evaluate the anti-nociceptive action, while the experimental λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model was used to test the anti-inflammatory action. 28698002 1 123 theme systematic 259:268 arg1 studies 270:276 no systematic studies 256:276 no systematic studies on the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions of C. albidus and its putative mechanism 256:371 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) has been traditionally used to treat various inflammatory diseases, but no systematic studies on the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions of C. albidus and its putative mechanism have been reported. 26864364 11 0 theme baseline 1492:1499 arg1 CIs 1540:1542 95% CIs 1536:1542 95% CIs 1536:1542 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 11 0 theme baseline 1492:1499 arg1 means 1529:1533 baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means 1492:1533 baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4 1492:1565 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 6 1 theme validated 791:799 arg1 questionnaire 833:845 a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire 789:845 a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire 789:845 Dietary intake was assessed with a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. 26864364 9 2 theme arachidonic 1296:1306 arg1 acid 1308:1311 low arachidonic acid 1292:1311 low arachidonic acid 1292:1311 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 5 3 theme erythrocyte 661:671 arg1 FAs 673:675 24 erythrocyte FAs 658:675 24 erythrocyte FAs 658:675 DESIGN At baseline, principal components analysis was used to derive factor patterns with the use of 24 erythrocyte FAs from 1157 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y). 26864364 7 4 theme model 864:868 arg1 assessment 870:879 The homeostasis model assessment 848:879 The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) 848:911 The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated at baseline and at the 2-y follow-up. 26864364 4 5 theme erythrocyte 398:408 arg1 patterns 413:420 erythrocyte FA patterns 398:420 erythrocyte FA patterns for a Puerto Rican cohort 398:446 OBJECTIVE We derived erythrocyte FA patterns for a Puerto Rican cohort and examined their association with diet and insulin resistance in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. 26864364 10 6 theme monounsaturated 1417:1431 arg1 intakes 1436:1442 n-6 and monounsaturated FA intakes 1409:1442 n-6 and monounsaturated FA intakes 1409:1442 The DNL pattern was positively correlated with sugar and inversely with n-6 and monounsaturated FA intakes. 26864364 1 7 theme individual 175:184 arg1 FAs 199:201 FAs 199:201 FAs 199:201 BACKGROUND Synergistic or additive effects or both on cardiometabolic risk may be missed by examining individual fatty acids (FAs). 26864364 1 7 theme individual 175:184 arg1 acids 192:196 individual fatty acids 175:196 individual fatty acids (FAs) 175:202 BACKGROUND Synergistic or additive effects or both on cardiometabolic risk may be missed by examining individual fatty acids (FAs). 26864364 5 8 dep DESIGN 557:562 arg1 baseline 567:574 baseline 567:574 baseline 567:574 DESIGN At baseline, principal components analysis was used to derive factor patterns with the use of 24 erythrocyte FAs from 1157 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y). 26864364 6 9 theme Dietary 756:762 arg1 intake 764:769 Dietary intake 756:769 Dietary intake 756:769 Dietary intake was assessed with a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. 26864364 9 10 theme high 1321:1324 arg1 FAs 1332:1334 high trans FAs 1321:1334 5) high trans FAs 1318:1334 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 12 11 theme % 1736:1736 arg1 CIs 1738:1740 95% CIs 1734:1740 95% CIs 1734:1740 Similar associations were observed at 2 y, after adjustment for baseline status [quartiles 1 and 4 means (95% CIs): 1.61 (1.48, 1.76) and 1.84 (1.69, 2.00); P-trend = 0.02]. 26864364 12 11 theme % 1736:1736 arg1 means 1727:1731 1 and 4 means 1719:1731 1 and 4 means (95% CIs): 1.61 (1.48, 1.76) and 1.84 (1.69, 2.00) 1719:1782 Similar associations were observed at 2 y, after adjustment for baseline status [quartiles 1 and 4 means (95% CIs): 1.61 (1.48, 1.76) and 1.84 (1.69, 2.00); P-trend = 0.02]. 26864364 9 12 theme n-6 1189:1191 arg1 FAs 1199:1201 low n-6 (ω-6) FAs 1185:1201 low n-6 (ω-6) FAs 1185:1201 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 4 13 theme Rican 435:439 arg1 cohort 441:446 a Puerto Rican cohort 426:446 a Puerto Rican cohort 426:446 OBJECTIVE We derived erythrocyte FA patterns for a Puerto Rican cohort and examined their association with diet and insulin resistance in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. 26864364 14 14 theme low 2002:2004 arg1 diet 1968:1971 a diet 1966:1971 a diet high in sugar and relatively low in unsaturated FAs 1966:2023 CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that upregulated DNL associated with a diet high in sugar and relatively low in unsaturated FAs may adversely affect insulin sensitivity in a Hispanic/Latino cohort. 26864364 9 15 theme ω-6 1194:1196 arg1 FAs 1199:1201 low n-6 (ω-6) FAs 1185:1201 low n-6 (ω-6) FAs 1185:1201 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 2 16 theme A 205:205 arg1 analysis 215:222 A pattern analysis 205:222 A pattern analysis 205:222 A pattern analysis may be a more useful approach. 26864364 2 16 theme A 205:205 arg1 approach 245:252 a more useful approach 231:252 a more useful approach 231:252 A pattern analysis may be a more useful approach. 26864364 14 17 theme insulin 2046:2052 arg1 sensitivity 2054:2064 insulin sensitivity 2046:2064 insulin sensitivity 2046:2064 CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that upregulated DNL associated with a diet high in sugar and relatively low in unsaturated FAs may adversely affect insulin sensitivity in a Hispanic/Latino cohort. 26864364 12 18 located observed 1654:1661 arg1 y 1668:1668 2 y 1666:1668 2 y 1666:1668 Similar associations were observed at 2 y, after adjustment for baseline status [quartiles 1 and 4 means (95% CIs): 1.61 (1.48, 1.76) and 1.84 (1.69, 2.00); P-trend = 0.02]. 26864364 12 18 located observed 1654:1661 arg2 associations 1636:1647 Similar associations 1628:1647 Similar associations 1628:1647 Similar associations were observed at 2 y, after adjustment for baseline status [quartiles 1 and 4 means (95% CIs): 1.61 (1.48, 1.76) and 1.84 (1.69, 2.00); P-trend = 0.02]. 26864364 3 19 theme FA 307:308 arg1 composition 310:320 erythrocyte FA composition 295:320 erythrocyte FA composition 295:320 In addition, it remains unclear whether erythrocyte FA composition relates to insulin resistance among Hispanics/Latinos. 26864364 5 20 theme 45-75 746:750 arg1 Study 734:738 the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study 703:738 the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y) 703:753 DESIGN At baseline, principal components analysis was used to derive factor patterns with the use of 24 erythrocyte FAs from 1157 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y). 26864364 5 20 theme 45-75 746:750 arg1 y 752:752 aged 45-75 y 741:752 aged 45-75 y 741:752 DESIGN At baseline, principal components analysis was used to derive factor patterns with the use of 24 erythrocyte FAs from 1157 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y). 26864364 9 21 theme high 1207:1210 arg1 FAs 1238:1240 high very-long-chain saturated FAs 1207:1240 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs 1204:1240 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 14 22 theme high 1973:1976 arg1 diet 1968:1971 a diet 1966:1971 a diet high in sugar and relatively low in unsaturated FAs 1966:2023 CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that upregulated DNL associated with a diet high in sugar and relatively low in unsaturated FAs may adversely affect insulin sensitivity in a Hispanic/Latino cohort. 26864364 9 23 theme saturated 1228:1236 arg1 FAs 1238:1240 high very-long-chain saturated FAs 1207:1240 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs 1204:1240 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 3 24 theme insulin 333:339 arg1 resistance 341:350 insulin resistance 333:350 insulin resistance among Hispanics/Latinos 333:374 In addition, it remains unclear whether erythrocyte FA composition relates to insulin resistance among Hispanics/Latinos. 26864364 5 25 theme Health 727:732 arg1 Study 734:738 the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study 703:738 the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y) 703:753 DESIGN At baseline, principal components analysis was used to derive factor patterns with the use of 24 erythrocyte FAs from 1157 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y). 26864364 5 25 theme Health 727:732 arg1 y 752:752 aged 45-75 y 741:752 aged 45-75 y 741:752 DESIGN At baseline, principal components analysis was used to derive factor patterns with the use of 24 erythrocyte FAs from 1157 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y). 26864364 12 26 theme baseline 1692:1699 arg1 [quartiles 1708:1717 baseline status [quartiles 1692:1717 baseline status [quartiles 1 and 4 means (95% CIs): 1.61 (1.48, 1.76) and 1.84 (1.69, 2.00); P-trend = 0.02] 1692:1799 Similar associations were observed at 2 y, after adjustment for baseline status [quartiles 1 and 4 means (95% CIs): 1.61 (1.48, 1.76) and 1.84 (1.69, 2.00); P-trend = 0.02]. 26864364 12 27 dep 1.84 1766:1769 arg1 2.00 1778:1781 2.00 1778:1781 2.00 1778:1781 Similar associations were observed at 2 y, after adjustment for baseline status [quartiles 1 and 4 means (95% CIs): 1.61 (1.48, 1.76) and 1.84 (1.69, 2.00); P-trend = 0.02]. 26864364 14 28 dep CONCLUSION 1897:1906 arg1 suggest 1921:1927 suggest 1921:1927 suggest that upregulated DNL associated with a diet high in sugar and relatively low in unsaturated FAs may adversely affect insulin sensitivity in a Hispanic/Latino cohort 1921:2092 CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that upregulated DNL associated with a diet high in sugar and relatively low in unsaturated FAs may adversely affect insulin sensitivity in a Hispanic/Latino cohort. 26864364 11 29 dep P-trend 1609:1615 arg1 0.0001 1619:1624 0.0001 1619:1624 0.0001 1619:1624 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 1 30 theme Synergistic 84:94 arg1 effects 108:114 BACKGROUND Synergistic or additive effects 73:114 BACKGROUND Synergistic or additive effects 73:114 BACKGROUND Synergistic or additive effects or both on cardiometabolic risk may be missed by examining individual fatty acids (FAs). 26864364 14 31 theme upregulated 1934:1944 arg1 DNL 1946:1948 upregulated DNL 1934:1948 upregulated DNL associated with a diet high in sugar and relatively low in unsaturated FAs 1934:2023 CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that upregulated DNL associated with a diet high in sugar and relatively low in unsaturated FAs may adversely affect insulin sensitivity in a Hispanic/Latino cohort. 26864364 9 32 theme n-3 1251:1253 arg1 FAs 1261:1263 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs 1243:1263 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs 1243:1263 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 5 33 theme components 587:596 arg1 analysis 598:605 principal components analysis 577:605 principal components analysis 577:605 DESIGN At baseline, principal components analysis was used to derive factor patterns with the use of 24 erythrocyte FAs from 1157 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y). 26864364 1 34 theme additive 99:106 arg1 effects 108:114 BACKGROUND Synergistic or additive effects 73:114 BACKGROUND Synergistic or additive effects 73:114 BACKGROUND Synergistic or additive effects or both on cardiometabolic risk may be missed by examining individual fatty acids (FAs). 26864364 9 35 dep FAs 1238:1240 arg1 2 1204:1204 2 1204:1204 2 1204:1204 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 12 36 dep 1.61 1744:1747 arg1 1.76 1756:1759 1.76 1756:1759 1.76 1756:1759 Similar associations were observed at 2 y, after adjustment for baseline status [quartiles 1 and 4 means (95% CIs): 1.61 (1.48, 1.76) and 1.84 (1.69, 2.00); P-trend = 0.02]. 26864364 8 37 theme FA 984:985 arg1 patterns 987:994 FA patterns 984:994 FA patterns 984:994 Relations between FA patterns and HOMA-IR were analyzed in a sample of 922 participants with available data. 26864364 0 38 theme erythrocyte 16:26 arg1 patterns 39:46 erythrocyte fatty acid patterns 16:46 erythrocyte fatty acid patterns 16:46 Associations of erythrocyte fatty acid patterns with insulin resistance. 26864364 9 39 theme ω-3 1256:1258 arg1 FAs 1261:1263 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs 1243:1263 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs 1243:1263 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 5 40 used used 611:614 arg2 analysis 598:605 principal components analysis 577:605 principal components analysis 577:605 DESIGN At baseline, principal components analysis was used to derive factor patterns with the use of 24 erythrocyte FAs from 1157 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y). 26864364 0 41 theme acid 34:37 arg1 patterns 39:46 erythrocyte fatty acid patterns 16:46 erythrocyte fatty acid patterns 16:46 Associations of erythrocyte fatty acid patterns with insulin resistance. 26864364 12 42 dep = 1793:1793 arg1 CIs 1738:1740 95% CIs 1734:1740 95% CIs 1734:1740 Similar associations were observed at 2 y, after adjustment for baseline status [quartiles 1 and 4 means (95% CIs): 1.61 (1.48, 1.76) and 1.84 (1.69, 2.00); P-trend = 0.02]. 26864364 12 42 dep = 1793:1793 arg1 means 1727:1731 1 and 4 means 1719:1731 1 and 4 means (95% CIs): 1.61 (1.48, 1.76) and 1.84 (1.69, 2.00) 1719:1782 Similar associations were observed at 2 y, after adjustment for baseline status [quartiles 1 and 4 means (95% CIs): 1.61 (1.48, 1.76) and 1.84 (1.69, 2.00); P-trend = 0.02]. 26864364 9 43 dep RESULTS 1075:1081 arg1 derived 1105:1111 derived 1105:1111 derived 1105:1111 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 4 44 theme cross-sectional 515:529 arg1 analyses 547:554 cross-sectional and prospective analyses 515:554 cross-sectional and prospective analyses 515:554 OBJECTIVE We derived erythrocyte FA patterns for a Puerto Rican cohort and examined their association with diet and insulin resistance in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. 26864364 14 45 from sugar 1981:1985 arg1 high 1973:1976 high 1973:1976 high 1973:1976 CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that upregulated DNL associated with a diet high in sugar and relatively low in unsaturated FAs may adversely affect insulin sensitivity in a Hispanic/Latino cohort. 26864364 4 46 theme prospective 535:545 arg1 analyses 547:554 cross-sectional and prospective analyses 515:554 cross-sectional and prospective analyses 515:554 OBJECTIVE We derived erythrocyte FA patterns for a Puerto Rican cohort and examined their association with diet and insulin resistance in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. 26864364 0 47 with Associations 0:11 arg1 resistance 61:70 insulin resistance 53:70 insulin resistance 53:70 Associations of erythrocyte fatty acid patterns with insulin resistance. 26864364 9 48 theme high 1269:1272 arg1 acid 1283:1286 high linoleic acid 1269:1286 high linoleic acid 1269:1286 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 6 49 theme food-frequency 818:831 arg1 questionnaire 833:845 a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire 789:845 a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire 789:845 Dietary intake was assessed with a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. 26864364 13 50 with participants 1859:1870 arg1 diabetes 1877:1884 diabetes 1877:1884 diabetes 1877:1884 These results remained consistent after the exclusion of participants with diabetes (n = 485). 26864364 5 51 with patterns 633:640 arg1 use 651:653 the use 647:653 the use of 24 erythrocyte FAs 647:675 DESIGN At baseline, principal components analysis was used to derive factor patterns with the use of 24 erythrocyte FAs from 1157 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y). 26864364 14 52 theme Hispanic/Latino 2071:2085 arg1 cohort 2087:2092 a Hispanic/Latino cohort 2069:2092 a Hispanic/Latino cohort 2069:2092 CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that upregulated DNL associated with a diet high in sugar and relatively low in unsaturated FAs may adversely affect insulin sensitivity in a Hispanic/Latino cohort. 26864364 13 53 theme participants 1859:1870 arg1 exclusion 1846:1854 the exclusion 1842:1854 the exclusion of participants with diabetes 1842:1884 These results remained consistent after the exclusion of participants with diabetes (n = 485). 26864364 11 54 theme geometric 1519:1527 arg1 CIs 1540:1542 95% CIs 1536:1542 95% CIs 1536:1542 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 11 54 theme geometric 1519:1527 arg1 means 1529:1533 baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means 1492:1533 baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4 1492:1565 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 9 55 theme de 1151:1152 arg1 DNL 1172:1174 DNL 1172:1174 DNL 1172:1174 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 9 55 theme de 1151:1152 arg1 lipogenesis 1159:1169 de novo lipogenesis 1151:1169 relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs 1135:1179 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 4 56 with association 467:477 arg1 diet 484:487 diet 484:487 diet 484:487 OBJECTIVE We derived erythrocyte FA patterns for a Puerto Rican cohort and examined their association with diet and insulin resistance in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. 26864364 4 56 with association 467:477 arg1 resistance 501:510 insulin resistance 493:510 insulin resistance 493:510 OBJECTIVE We derived erythrocyte FA patterns for a Puerto Rican cohort and examined their association with diet and insulin resistance in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. 26864364 9 57 theme low 1292:1294 arg1 acid 1308:1311 low arachidonic acid 1292:1311 low arachidonic acid 1292:1311 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 14 58 from high 1973:1976 arg1 sugar 1981:1985 sugar 1981:1985 sugar 1981:1985 CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that upregulated DNL associated with a diet high in sugar and relatively low in unsaturated FAs may adversely affect insulin sensitivity in a Hispanic/Latino cohort. 26864364 11 59 theme HOMA-IR 1501:1507 arg1 CIs 1540:1542 95% CIs 1536:1542 95% CIs 1536:1542 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 11 59 theme HOMA-IR 1501:1507 arg1 means 1529:1533 baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means 1492:1533 baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4 1492:1565 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 9 60 theme lipogenesis 1159:1169 arg1 FAs 1177:1179 relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs 1135:1179 relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs 1135:1179 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 7 61 theme insulin 884:890 arg1 resistance 892:901 insulin resistance 884:901 insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) 884:911 The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated at baseline and at the 2-y follow-up. 26864364 7 61 theme insulin 884:890 arg1 HOMA-IR 904:910 HOMA-IR 904:910 HOMA-IR 904:910 The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated at baseline and at the 2-y follow-up. 26864364 4 62 theme FA 410:411 arg1 patterns 413:420 erythrocyte FA patterns 398:420 erythrocyte FA patterns for a Puerto Rican cohort 398:446 OBJECTIVE We derived erythrocyte FA patterns for a Puerto Rican cohort and examined their association with diet and insulin resistance in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. 26864364 10 63 theme FA 1433:1434 arg1 intakes 1436:1442 n-6 and monounsaturated FA intakes 1409:1442 n-6 and monounsaturated FA intakes 1409:1442 The DNL pattern was positively correlated with sugar and inversely with n-6 and monounsaturated FA intakes. 26864364 11 64 theme % 1538:1538 arg1 CIs 1540:1542 95% CIs 1536:1542 95% CIs 1536:1542 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 11 64 theme % 1538:1538 arg1 means 1529:1533 baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means 1492:1533 baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4 1492:1565 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 5 65 theme factor 626:631 arg1 patterns 633:640 factor patterns 626:640 factor patterns with the use of 24 erythrocyte FAs 626:675 DESIGN At baseline, principal components analysis was used to derive factor patterns with the use of 24 erythrocyte FAs from 1157 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y). 26864364 4 66 from association 467:477 arg1 analyses 547:554 cross-sectional and prospective analyses 515:554 cross-sectional and prospective analyses 515:554 OBJECTIVE We derived erythrocyte FA patterns for a Puerto Rican cohort and examined their association with diet and insulin resistance in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. 26864364 7 67 theme homeostasis 852:862 arg1 assessment 870:879 The homeostasis model assessment 848:879 The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) 848:911 The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated at baseline and at the 2-y follow-up. 26864364 1 68 theme fatty 186:190 arg1 FAs 199:201 FAs 199:201 FAs 199:201 BACKGROUND Synergistic or additive effects or both on cardiometabolic risk may be missed by examining individual fatty acids (FAs). 26864364 1 68 theme fatty 186:190 arg1 acids 192:196 individual fatty acids 175:196 individual fatty acids (FAs) 175:202 BACKGROUND Synergistic or additive effects or both on cardiometabolic risk may be missed by examining individual fatty acids (FAs). 26864364 14 69 theme unsaturated 2009:2019 arg1 FAs 2021:2023 unsaturated FAs 2009:2023 unsaturated FAs 2009:2023 CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that upregulated DNL associated with a diet high in sugar and relatively low in unsaturated FAs may adversely affect insulin sensitivity in a Hispanic/Latino cohort. 26864364 9 70 theme low 1185:1187 arg1 FAs 1199:1201 low n-6 (ω-6) FAs 1185:1201 low n-6 (ω-6) FAs 1185:1201 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 9 71 theme trans 1326:1330 arg1 FAs 1332:1334 high trans FAs 1321:1334 5) high trans FAs 1318:1334 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 9 72 dep acid 1283:1286 arg1 4 1266:1266 4 1266:1266 4 1266:1266 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 14 73 from FAs 2021:2023 arg1 low 2002:2004 low 2002:2004 low 2002:2004 CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that upregulated DNL associated with a diet high in sugar and relatively low in unsaturated FAs may adversely affect insulin sensitivity in a Hispanic/Latino cohort. 26864364 8 74 with participants 1041:1052 arg1 data 1069:1072 available data 1059:1072 available data 1059:1072 Relations between FA patterns and HOMA-IR were analyzed in a sample of 922 participants with available data. 26864364 5 75 theme FAs 673:675 arg1 use 651:653 the use 647:653 the use of 24 erythrocyte FAs 647:675 DESIGN At baseline, principal components analysis was used to derive factor patterns with the use of 24 erythrocyte FAs from 1157 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y). 26864364 2 76 theme pattern 207:213 arg1 analysis 215:222 A pattern analysis 205:222 A pattern analysis 205:222 A pattern analysis may be a more useful approach. 26864364 2 76 theme pattern 207:213 arg1 approach 245:252 a more useful approach 231:252 a more useful approach 231:252 A pattern analysis may be a more useful approach. 26864364 4 77 dep OBJECTIVE 377:385 arg1 derived 390:396 derived 390:396 derived erythrocyte FA patterns for a Puerto Rican cohort 390:446 OBJECTIVE We derived erythrocyte FA patterns for a Puerto Rican cohort and examined their association with diet and insulin resistance in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. 26864364 4 77 dep OBJECTIVE 377:385 arg1 examined 452:459 examined 452:459 examined their association with diet and insulin resistance in cross-sectional and prospective analyses 452:554 OBJECTIVE We derived erythrocyte FA patterns for a Puerto Rican cohort and examined their association with diet and insulin resistance in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. 26864364 2 78 theme useful 238:243 arg1 analysis 215:222 A pattern analysis 205:222 A pattern analysis 205:222 A pattern analysis may be a more useful approach. 26864364 2 78 theme useful 238:243 arg1 approach 245:252 a more useful approach 231:252 a more useful approach 231:252 A pattern analysis may be a more useful approach. 26864364 1 79 theme cardiometabolic 127:141 arg1 risk 143:146 cardiometabolic risk 127:146 cardiometabolic risk 127:146 BACKGROUND Synergistic or additive effects or both on cardiometabolic risk may be missed by examining individual fatty acids (FAs). 26864364 13 80 dep remained 1816:1823 arg1 n 1887:1887 n = 485 1887:1893 n = 485 1887:1893 These results remained consistent after the exclusion of participants with diabetes (n = 485). 26864364 5 81 theme aged 741:744 arg1 Study 734:738 the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study 703:738 the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y) 703:753 DESIGN At baseline, principal components analysis was used to derive factor patterns with the use of 24 erythrocyte FAs from 1157 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y). 26864364 5 81 theme aged 741:744 arg1 y 752:752 aged 45-75 y 741:752 aged 45-75 y 741:752 DESIGN At baseline, principal components analysis was used to derive factor patterns with the use of 24 erythrocyte FAs from 1157 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y). 26864364 11 82 dep 2.20 1590:1593 arg1 2.39 1602:1605 2.39 1602:1605 2.39 1602:1605 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 4 83 theme insulin 493:499 arg1 resistance 501:510 insulin resistance 493:510 insulin resistance 493:510 OBJECTIVE We derived erythrocyte FA patterns for a Puerto Rican cohort and examined their association with diet and insulin resistance in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. 26864364 9 84 theme very-long-chain 1212:1226 arg1 FAs 1238:1240 high very-long-chain saturated FAs 1207:1240 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs 1204:1240 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 3 85 theme erythrocyte 295:305 arg1 composition 310:320 erythrocyte FA composition 295:320 erythrocyte FA composition 295:320 In addition, it remains unclear whether erythrocyte FA composition relates to insulin resistance among Hispanics/Latinos. 26864364 5 86 theme Rican 721:725 arg1 Study 734:738 the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study 703:738 the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y) 703:753 DESIGN At baseline, principal components analysis was used to derive factor patterns with the use of 24 erythrocyte FAs from 1157 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y). 26864364 5 86 theme Rican 721:725 arg1 y 752:752 aged 45-75 y 741:752 aged 45-75 y 741:752 DESIGN At baseline, principal components analysis was used to derive factor patterns with the use of 24 erythrocyte FAs from 1157 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y). 26864364 12 87 theme status 1701:1706 arg1 [quartiles 1708:1717 baseline status [quartiles 1692:1717 baseline status [quartiles 1 and 4 means (95% CIs): 1.61 (1.48, 1.76) and 1.84 (1.69, 2.00); P-trend = 0.02] 1692:1799 Similar associations were observed at 2 y, after adjustment for baseline status [quartiles 1 and 4 means (95% CIs): 1.61 (1.48, 1.76) and 1.84 (1.69, 2.00); P-trend = 0.02]. 26864364 9 88 dep FAs 1177:1179 arg1 1 1132:1132 1 1132:1132 1 1132:1132 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 12 89 dep [quartiles 1708:1717 arg1 = 1793:1793 = 1793:1793 = 1793:1793 Similar associations were observed at 2 y, after adjustment for baseline status [quartiles 1 and 4 means (95% CIs): 1.61 (1.48, 1.76) and 1.84 (1.69, 2.00); P-trend = 0.02]. 26864364 11 90 dep related 1481:1487 arg1 pattern 1458:1464 Only the DNL pattern 1445:1464 Only the DNL pattern 1445:1464 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 11 90 dep related 1481:1487 arg1 2.20 1590:1593 2.20 1590:1593 2.20 1590:1593 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 11 90 dep related 1481:1487 arg1 1.72 1568:1571 1.72 1568:1571 1.72 1568:1571 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 11 90 dep related 1481:1487 arg1 related 1481:1487 related 1481:1487 related 1481:1487 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 11 90 dep related 1481:1487 arg1 1.58 1574:1577 1.58 1574:1577 1.58 1574:1577 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 11 90 dep related 1481:1487 arg1 P-trend 1609:1615 P-trend 1609:1615 P-trend < 0.0001] 1609:1625 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 5 91 theme Study 734:738 arg1 participants 687:698 1157 participants 682:698 1157 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y) 682:753 DESIGN At baseline, principal components analysis was used to derive factor patterns with the use of 24 erythrocyte FAs from 1157 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y). 26864364 8 92 theme participants 1041:1052 arg1 sample 1027:1032 a sample 1025:1032 a sample of 922 participants with available data 1025:1072 Relations between FA patterns and HOMA-IR were analyzed in a sample of 922 participants with available data. 26864364 7 93 theme 2-y 951:953 arg1 follow-up 955:963 the 2-y follow-up 947:963 the 2-y follow-up 947:963 The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated at baseline and at the 2-y follow-up. 26864364 1 94 theme BACKGROUND 73:82 arg1 effects 108:114 BACKGROUND Synergistic or additive effects 73:114 BACKGROUND Synergistic or additive effects 73:114 BACKGROUND Synergistic or additive effects or both on cardiometabolic risk may be missed by examining individual fatty acids (FAs). 26864364 9 95 dep FAs 1261:1263 arg1 3 1243:1243 3 1243:1243 3 1243:1243 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 9 96 theme high 1246:1249 arg1 FAs 1261:1263 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs 1243:1263 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs 1243:1263 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 8 97 theme available 1059:1067 arg1 data 1069:1072 available data 1059:1072 available data 1059:1072 Relations between FA patterns and HOMA-IR were analyzed in a sample of 922 participants with available data. 26864364 5 98 theme principal 577:585 arg1 analysis 598:605 principal components analysis 577:605 principal components analysis 577:605 DESIGN At baseline, principal components analysis was used to derive factor patterns with the use of 24 erythrocyte FAs from 1157 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 45-75 y). 26864364 12 99 dep means 1727:1731 arg1 1.84 1766:1769 1.84 1766:1769 1.84 1766:1769 Similar associations were observed at 2 y, after adjustment for baseline status [quartiles 1 and 4 means (95% CIs): 1.61 (1.48, 1.76) and 1.84 (1.69, 2.00); P-trend = 0.02]. 26864364 12 99 dep means 1727:1731 arg1 1.61 1744:1747 1.61 1744:1747 1.61 1744:1747 Similar associations were observed at 2 y, after adjustment for baseline status [quartiles 1 and 4 means (95% CIs): 1.61 (1.48, 1.76) and 1.84 (1.69, 2.00); P-trend = 0.02]. 26864364 9 100 theme FA 1088:1089 arg1 patterns 1091:1098 Five FA patterns 1083:1098 Five FA patterns 1083:1098 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 0 101 theme fatty 28:32 arg1 patterns 39:46 erythrocyte fatty acid patterns 16:46 erythrocyte fatty acid patterns 16:46 Associations of erythrocyte fatty acid patterns with insulin resistance. 26864364 9 102 dep de 1151:1152 arg1 novo 1154:1157 novo 1154:1157 novo 1154:1157 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 0 103 theme patterns 39:46 arg1 Associations 0:11 Associations 0:11 Associations of erythrocyte fatty acid patterns with insulin resistance 0:70 Associations of erythrocyte fatty acid patterns with insulin resistance. 26864364 10 104 theme DNL 1341:1343 arg1 pattern 1345:1351 The DNL pattern 1337:1351 The DNL pattern 1337:1351 The DNL pattern was positively correlated with sugar and inversely with n-6 and monounsaturated FA intakes. 26864364 11 105 theme DNL 1454:1456 arg1 P-trend 1609:1615 P-trend 1609:1615 P-trend < 0.0001] 1609:1625 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 11 105 theme DNL 1454:1456 arg1 1.72 1568:1571 1.72 1568:1571 1.72 1568:1571 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 11 105 theme DNL 1454:1456 arg1 pattern 1458:1464 Only the DNL pattern 1445:1464 Only the DNL pattern 1445:1464 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 11 105 theme DNL 1454:1456 arg1 related 1481:1487 related 1481:1487 related 1481:1487 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 11 105 theme DNL 1454:1456 arg1 2.20 1590:1593 2.20 1590:1593 2.20 1590:1593 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 0 106 theme insulin 53:59 arg1 resistance 61:70 insulin resistance 53:70 insulin resistance 53:70 Associations of erythrocyte fatty acid patterns with insulin resistance. 26864364 11 107 dep 1.58 1574:1577 arg1 1.87 1580:1583 1.87 1580:1583 1.87 1580:1583 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 1 108 from effects 108:114 arg1 risk 143:146 cardiometabolic risk 127:146 cardiometabolic risk 127:146 BACKGROUND Synergistic or additive effects or both on cardiometabolic risk may be missed by examining individual fatty acids (FAs). 26864364 13 109 theme = 1889:1889 arg1 n 1887:1887 n = 485 1887:1893 n = 485 1887:1893 These results remained consistent after the exclusion of participants with diabetes (n = 485). 26864364 12 110 theme Similar 1628:1634 arg1 associations 1636:1647 Similar associations 1628:1647 Similar associations 1628:1647 Similar associations were observed at 2 y, after adjustment for baseline status [quartiles 1 and 4 means (95% CIs): 1.61 (1.48, 1.76) and 1.84 (1.69, 2.00); P-trend = 0.02]. 26864364 14 111 from low 2002:2004 arg1 FAs 2021:2023 unsaturated FAs 2009:2023 unsaturated FAs 2009:2023 CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that upregulated DNL associated with a diet high in sugar and relatively low in unsaturated FAs may adversely affect insulin sensitivity in a Hispanic/Latino cohort. 26864364 9 112 theme linoleic 1274:1281 arg1 acid 1283:1286 high linoleic acid 1269:1286 high linoleic acid 1269:1286 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 6 113 theme semiquantitative 801:816 arg1 questionnaire 833:845 a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire 789:845 a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire 789:845 Dietary intake was assessed with a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. 26864364 9 114 dep derived 1105:1111 arg1 differentiated 1114:1127 differentiated 1114:1127 differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs 1114:1334 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 10 115 theme n-6 1409:1411 arg1 intakes 1436:1442 n-6 and monounsaturated FA intakes 1409:1442 n-6 and monounsaturated FA intakes 1409:1442 The DNL pattern was positively correlated with sugar and inversely with n-6 and monounsaturated FA intakes. 26864364 11 116 theme [adjusted 1509:1517 arg1 CIs 1540:1542 95% CIs 1536:1542 95% CIs 1536:1542 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 11 116 theme [adjusted 1509:1517 arg1 means 1529:1533 baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means 1492:1533 baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4 1492:1565 Only the DNL pattern was positively related to baseline HOMA-IR [adjusted geometric means (95% CIs) for quartiles 1 and 4: 1.72 (1.58, 1.87) and 2.20 (2.02, 2.39); P-trend < 0.0001]. 26864364 9 117 dep FAs 1332:1334 arg1 5 1318:1318 5 1318:1318 5 1318:1318 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 9 118 theme high 1146:1149 arg1 FAs 1177:1179 relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs 1135:1179 relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs 1135:1179 RESULTS Five FA patterns were derived, differentiated by 1) relatively high de novo lipogenesis (DNL) FAs and low n-6 (ω-6) FAs, 2) high very-long-chain saturated FAs, 3) high n-3 (ω-3) FAs, 4) high linoleic acid and low arachidonic acid, and 5) high trans FAs. 26864364 7 119 theme resistance 892:901 arg1 assessment 870:879 The homeostasis model assessment 848:879 The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) 848:911 The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated at baseline and at the 2-y follow-up. 28836437 8 0 theme several 1259:1265 arg1 categories 1278:1287 several functional categories 1259:1287 several functional categories 1259:1287 These proteins were associated with several functional categories, including carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein turnover, and oxidative stress. 28836437 8 0 theme several 1259:1265 arg1 turnover 1350:1357 protein turnover 1342:1357 protein turnover 1342:1357 These proteins were associated with several functional categories, including carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein turnover, and oxidative stress. 28836437 8 0 theme several 1259:1265 arg1 metabolism 1307:1316 carbon metabolism 1300:1316 carbon metabolism 1300:1316 These proteins were associated with several functional categories, including carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein turnover, and oxidative stress. 28836437 8 0 theme several 1259:1265 arg1 stress 1374:1379 oxidative stress 1364:1379 oxidative stress 1364:1379 These proteins were associated with several functional categories, including carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein turnover, and oxidative stress. 28836437 8 0 theme several 1259:1265 arg1 metabolism 1330:1339 amino acid metabolism 1319:1339 amino acid metabolism 1319:1339 These proteins were associated with several functional categories, including carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein turnover, and oxidative stress. 28836437 6 1 theme lignin 994:999 arg1 composition 1001:1011 lignin composition 994:1011 lignin composition 994:1011 In this study, a large-scale proteomics approach based on GeLC-MS/MS was employed to identify and relatively quantify proteins differently accumulated in two contrasting genotypes for lignin composition after excessive nitrogen fertilization. 28836437 0 2 theme Oxidant 165:171 arg1 Metabolism 173:182 Oxidant Metabolism 165:182 Oxidant Metabolism 165:182 Luxurious Nitrogen Fertilization of Two Sugar Cane Genotypes Contrasting for Lignin Composition Causes Changes in the Stem Proteome Related to Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxidant Metabolism but Does Not Alter Lignin Content. 28836437 9 3 theme lignin 1430:1435 arg1 content 1437:1443 lignin content 1430:1443 lignin content 1430:1443 Although nitrogen fertilization has not changed lignin content, phenolic acids and lignin composition were changed in both species but not in the same way. 28836437 0 4 theme Lignin 77:82 arg1 Composition 84:94 Lignin Composition 77:94 Lignin Composition 77:94 Luxurious Nitrogen Fertilization of Two Sugar Cane Genotypes Contrasting for Lignin Composition Causes Changes in the Stem Proteome Related to Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxidant Metabolism but Does Not Alter Lignin Content. 28836437 10 5 theme reducing 1550:1557 arg1 sugars 1559:1564 reducing sugars 1550:1564 reducing sugars 1550:1564 Sucrose and reducing sugars increased in plants of the genotype IACSP04-065 receiving nitrogen. 28836437 4 6 theme biomass 603:609 arg1 recalcitrance 611:623 biomass recalcitrance 603:623 biomass recalcitrance to convert cell-wall polysaccharides into fermentable sugars 603:684 Lignin content and composition are the most important factors associated with biomass recalcitrance to convert cell-wall polysaccharides into fermentable sugars. 28836437 1 7 dep sugar 255:259 arg1 production 273:282 production 273:282 production 273:282 Sugar cane is an important crop for sugar and biofuel production. 28836437 1 8 theme important 236:244 arg1 cane 225:228 Sugar cane 219:228 Sugar cane 219:228 Sugar cane is an important crop for sugar and biofuel production. 28836437 1 8 theme important 236:244 arg1 crop 246:249 an important crop 233:249 an important crop for sugar and biofuel production 233:282 Sugar cane is an important crop for sugar and biofuel production. 28836437 8 9 theme functional 1267:1276 arg1 categories 1278:1287 several functional categories 1259:1287 several functional categories 1259:1287 These proteins were associated with several functional categories, including carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein turnover, and oxidative stress. 28836437 8 9 theme functional 1267:1276 arg1 turnover 1350:1357 protein turnover 1342:1357 protein turnover 1342:1357 These proteins were associated with several functional categories, including carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein turnover, and oxidative stress. 28836437 8 9 theme functional 1267:1276 arg1 metabolism 1307:1316 carbon metabolism 1300:1316 carbon metabolism 1300:1316 These proteins were associated with several functional categories, including carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein turnover, and oxidative stress. 28836437 8 9 theme functional 1267:1276 arg1 stress 1374:1379 oxidative stress 1364:1379 oxidative stress 1364:1379 These proteins were associated with several functional categories, including carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein turnover, and oxidative stress. 28836437 8 9 theme functional 1267:1276 arg1 metabolism 1330:1339 amino acid metabolism 1319:1339 amino acid metabolism 1319:1339 These proteins were associated with several functional categories, including carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein turnover, and oxidative stress. 28836437 6 10 theme contrasting 968:978 arg1 genotypes 980:988 two contrasting genotypes 964:988 two contrasting genotypes for lignin composition 964:1011 In this study, a large-scale proteomics approach based on GeLC-MS/MS was employed to identify and relatively quantify proteins differently accumulated in two contrasting genotypes for lignin composition after excessive nitrogen fertilization. 28836437 5 11 from fertilization 766:778 arg1 feedstock 799:807 this feedstock 794:807 this feedstock 794:807 Thus it is important to understand the metabolic relationship between nitrogen fertilization and lignin in this feedstock. 28836437 8 12 theme oxidative 1364:1372 arg1 stress 1374:1379 oxidative stress 1364:1379 oxidative stress 1364:1379 These proteins were associated with several functional categories, including carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein turnover, and oxidative stress. 28836437 9 13 theme same 1528:1531 arg1 way 1533:1535 the same way 1524:1535 the same way 1524:1535 Although nitrogen fertilization has not changed lignin content, phenolic acids and lignin composition were changed in both species but not in the same way. 28836437 8 14 theme carbon 1300:1305 arg1 metabolism 1307:1316 carbon metabolism 1300:1316 carbon metabolism 1300:1316 These proteins were associated with several functional categories, including carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein turnover, and oxidative stress. 28836437 0 15 theme Nitrogen 10:17 arg1 Fertilization 19:31 Luxurious Nitrogen Fertilization 0:31 Luxurious Nitrogen Fertilization of Two Sugar Cane Genotypes Contrasting for Lignin Composition 0:94 Luxurious Nitrogen Fertilization of Two Sugar Cane Genotypes Contrasting for Lignin Composition Causes Changes in the Stem Proteome Related to Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxidant Metabolism but Does Not Alter Lignin Content. 28836437 9 16 theme phenolic 1446:1453 arg1 acids 1455:1459 phenolic acids 1446:1459 phenolic acids 1446:1459 Although nitrogen fertilization has not changed lignin content, phenolic acids and lignin composition were changed in both species but not in the same way. 28836437 0 17 theme Lignin 203:208 arg1 Content 210:216 Lignin Content 203:216 Lignin Content 203:216 Luxurious Nitrogen Fertilization of Two Sugar Cane Genotypes Contrasting for Lignin Composition Causes Changes in the Stem Proteome Related to Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxidant Metabolism but Does Not Alter Lignin Content. 28836437 6 18 theme proteomics 839:848 arg1 approach 850:857 a large-scale proteomics approach 825:857 a large-scale proteomics approach based on GeLC-MS/MS 825:877 In this study, a large-scale proteomics approach based on GeLC-MS/MS was employed to identify and relatively quantify proteins differently accumulated in two contrasting genotypes for lignin composition after excessive nitrogen fertilization. 28836437 2 19 theme lignocellulosic 289:303 arg1 biomass 305:311 Its lignocellulosic biomass 285:311 Its lignocellulosic biomass 285:311 Its lignocellulosic biomass represents a promising option as feedstock for second-generation ethanol production. 28836437 2 20 theme ethanol 378:384 arg1 production 386:395 second-generation ethanol production 360:395 second-generation ethanol production 360:395 Its lignocellulosic biomass represents a promising option as feedstock for second-generation ethanol production. 28836437 0 21 theme Luxurious 0:8 arg1 Fertilization 19:31 Luxurious Nitrogen Fertilization 0:31 Luxurious Nitrogen Fertilization of Two Sugar Cane Genotypes Contrasting for Lignin Composition 0:94 Luxurious Nitrogen Fertilization of Two Sugar Cane Genotypes Contrasting for Lignin Composition Causes Changes in the Stem Proteome Related to Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxidant Metabolism but Does Not Alter Lignin Content. 28836437 7 22 theme IACSP04-627 1190:1200 arg1 lines 1202:1206 IACSP04-627 lines 1190:1206 IACSP04-627 lines 1190:1206 From the ∼1000 nonredundant proteins identified, 28 and 177 were differentially accumulated in response to nitrogen from IACSP04-065 and IACSP04-627 lines, respectively. 28836437 6 23 theme large-scale 827:837 arg1 approach 850:857 a large-scale proteomics approach 825:857 a large-scale proteomics approach based on GeLC-MS/MS 825:877 In this study, a large-scale proteomics approach based on GeLC-MS/MS was employed to identify and relatively quantify proteins differently accumulated in two contrasting genotypes for lignin composition after excessive nitrogen fertilization. 28836437 2 24 theme second-generation 360:376 arg1 production 386:395 second-generation ethanol production 360:395 second-generation ethanol production 360:395 Its lignocellulosic biomass represents a promising option as feedstock for second-generation ethanol production. 28836437 8 25 theme amino 1319:1323 arg1 metabolism 1330:1339 amino acid metabolism 1319:1339 amino acid metabolism 1319:1339 These proteins were associated with several functional categories, including carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein turnover, and oxidative stress. 28836437 4 26 theme important 569:577 arg1 factors 579:585 the most important factors 560:585 the most important factors associated with biomass recalcitrance to convert cell-wall polysaccharides into fermentable sugars 560:684 Lignin content and composition are the most important factors associated with biomass recalcitrance to convert cell-wall polysaccharides into fermentable sugars. 28836437 4 26 theme important 569:577 arg1 composition 544:554 composition 544:554 composition 544:554 Lignin content and composition are the most important factors associated with biomass recalcitrance to convert cell-wall polysaccharides into fermentable sugars. 28836437 4 26 theme important 569:577 arg1 content 532:538 Lignin content 525:538 Lignin content 525:538 Lignin content and composition are the most important factors associated with biomass recalcitrance to convert cell-wall polysaccharides into fermentable sugars. 28836437 5 27 theme nitrogen 757:764 arg1 fertilization 766:778 nitrogen fertilization 757:778 nitrogen fertilization 757:778 Thus it is important to understand the metabolic relationship between nitrogen fertilization and lignin in this feedstock. 28836437 5 28 from lignin 784:789 arg1 feedstock 799:807 this feedstock 794:807 this feedstock 794:807 Thus it is important to understand the metabolic relationship between nitrogen fertilization and lignin in this feedstock. 28836437 9 29 theme lignin 1465:1470 arg1 composition 1472:1482 lignin composition 1465:1482 lignin composition 1465:1482 Although nitrogen fertilization has not changed lignin content, phenolic acids and lignin composition were changed in both species but not in the same way. 28836437 0 30 theme Stem 118:121 arg1 Proteome 123:130 the Stem Proteome 114:130 the Stem Proteome Related to Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxidant Metabolism 114:182 Luxurious Nitrogen Fertilization of Two Sugar Cane Genotypes Contrasting for Lignin Composition Causes Changes in the Stem Proteome Related to Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxidant Metabolism but Does Not Alter Lignin Content. 28836437 0 31 theme Sugar 40:44 arg1 Genotypes 51:59 Two Sugar Cane Genotypes 36:59 Two Sugar Cane Genotypes Contrasting for Lignin Composition 36:94 Luxurious Nitrogen Fertilization of Two Sugar Cane Genotypes Contrasting for Lignin Composition Causes Changes in the Stem Proteome Related to Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxidant Metabolism but Does Not Alter Lignin Content. 28836437 10 32 theme genotype 1593:1600 arg1 IACSP04-065 1602:1612 the genotype IACSP04-065 1589:1612 the genotype IACSP04-065 receiving nitrogen 1589:1631 Sucrose and reducing sugars increased in plants of the genotype IACSP04-065 receiving nitrogen. 28836437 8 33 theme acid 1325:1328 arg1 metabolism 1330:1339 amino acid metabolism 1319:1339 amino acid metabolism 1319:1339 These proteins were associated with several functional categories, including carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein turnover, and oxidative stress. 28836437 0 34 theme Related 132:138 arg1 Proteome 123:130 the Stem Proteome 114:130 the Stem Proteome Related to Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxidant Metabolism 114:182 Luxurious Nitrogen Fertilization of Two Sugar Cane Genotypes Contrasting for Lignin Composition Causes Changes in the Stem Proteome Related to Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxidant Metabolism but Does Not Alter Lignin Content. 28836437 4 35 theme fermentable 667:677 arg1 sugars 679:684 fermentable sugars 667:684 fermentable sugars 667:684 Lignin content and composition are the most important factors associated with biomass recalcitrance to convert cell-wall polysaccharides into fermentable sugars. 28836437 7 36 dep nitrogen 1160:1167 arg1 response 1148:1155 response 1148:1155 response 1148:1155 From the ∼1000 nonredundant proteins identified, 28 and 177 were differentially accumulated in response to nitrogen from IACSP04-065 and IACSP04-627 lines, respectively. 28836437 3 37 theme Nitrogen 398:405 arg1 fertilization 407:419 Nitrogen fertilization 398:419 Nitrogen fertilization 398:419 Nitrogen fertilization can affect differently tissues and its biopolymers, including the cell-wall polysaccharides and lignin. 28836437 6 38 theme nitrogen 1029:1036 arg1 fertilization 1038:1050 excessive nitrogen fertilization 1019:1050 excessive nitrogen fertilization 1019:1050 In this study, a large-scale proteomics approach based on GeLC-MS/MS was employed to identify and relatively quantify proteins differently accumulated in two contrasting genotypes for lignin composition after excessive nitrogen fertilization. 28836437 0 39 theme Contrasting 61:71 arg1 Genotypes 51:59 Two Sugar Cane Genotypes 36:59 Two Sugar Cane Genotypes Contrasting for Lignin Composition 36:94 Luxurious Nitrogen Fertilization of Two Sugar Cane Genotypes Contrasting for Lignin Composition Causes Changes in the Stem Proteome Related to Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxidant Metabolism but Does Not Alter Lignin Content. 28836437 2 40 theme promising 326:334 arg1 option 336:341 a promising option 324:341 a promising option as feedstock for second-generation ethanol production 324:395 Its lignocellulosic biomass represents a promising option as feedstock for second-generation ethanol production. 28836437 0 41 theme Cane 46:49 arg1 Genotypes 51:59 Two Sugar Cane Genotypes 36:59 Two Sugar Cane Genotypes Contrasting for Lignin Composition 36:94 Luxurious Nitrogen Fertilization of Two Sugar Cane Genotypes Contrasting for Lignin Composition Causes Changes in the Stem Proteome Related to Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxidant Metabolism but Does Not Alter Lignin Content. 28836437 6 42 theme excessive 1019:1027 arg1 fertilization 1038:1050 excessive nitrogen fertilization 1019:1050 excessive nitrogen fertilization 1019:1050 In this study, a large-scale proteomics approach based on GeLC-MS/MS was employed to identify and relatively quantify proteins differently accumulated in two contrasting genotypes for lignin composition after excessive nitrogen fertilization. 28836437 5 43 theme metabolic 726:734 arg1 relationship 736:747 the metabolic relationship 722:747 the metabolic relationship between nitrogen fertilization and lignin in this feedstock 722:807 Thus it is important to understand the metabolic relationship between nitrogen fertilization and lignin in this feedstock. 28836437 3 44 theme cell-wall 487:495 arg1 polysaccharides 497:511 the cell-wall polysaccharides 483:511 the cell-wall polysaccharides 483:511 Nitrogen fertilization can affect differently tissues and its biopolymers, including the cell-wall polysaccharides and lignin. 28836437 0 45 from Changes 103:109 arg1 Proteome 123:130 the Stem Proteome 114:130 the Stem Proteome Related to Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxidant Metabolism 114:182 Luxurious Nitrogen Fertilization of Two Sugar Cane Genotypes Contrasting for Lignin Composition Causes Changes in the Stem Proteome Related to Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxidant Metabolism but Does Not Alter Lignin Content. 28836437 8 46 theme protein 1342:1348 arg1 turnover 1350:1357 protein turnover 1342:1357 protein turnover 1342:1357 These proteins were associated with several functional categories, including carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein turnover, and oxidative stress. 28836437 4 47 theme cell-wall 636:644 arg1 polysaccharides 646:660 cell-wall polysaccharides 636:660 cell-wall polysaccharides 636:660 Lignin content and composition are the most important factors associated with biomass recalcitrance to convert cell-wall polysaccharides into fermentable sugars. 28836437 10 48 theme IACSP04-065 1602:1612 arg1 plants 1579:1584 plants 1579:1584 plants of the genotype IACSP04-065 receiving nitrogen 1579:1631 Sucrose and reducing sugars increased in plants of the genotype IACSP04-065 receiving nitrogen. 28836437 9 49 theme nitrogen 1391:1398 arg1 fertilization 1400:1412 nitrogen fertilization 1391:1412 nitrogen fertilization 1391:1412 Although nitrogen fertilization has not changed lignin content, phenolic acids and lignin composition were changed in both species but not in the same way. 28836437 1 50 theme Sugar 219:223 arg1 cane 225:228 Sugar cane 219:228 Sugar cane 219:228 Sugar cane is an important crop for sugar and biofuel production. 28836437 1 50 theme Sugar 219:223 arg1 crop 246:249 an important crop 233:249 an important crop for sugar and biofuel production 233:282 Sugar cane is an important crop for sugar and biofuel production. 28836437 0 51 theme Genotypes 51:59 arg1 Fertilization 19:31 Luxurious Nitrogen Fertilization 0:31 Luxurious Nitrogen Fertilization of Two Sugar Cane Genotypes Contrasting for Lignin Composition 0:94 Luxurious Nitrogen Fertilization of Two Sugar Cane Genotypes Contrasting for Lignin Composition Causes Changes in the Stem Proteome Related to Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxidant Metabolism but Does Not Alter Lignin Content. 28836437 4 52 theme Lignin 525:530 arg1 factors 579:585 the most important factors 560:585 the most important factors associated with biomass recalcitrance to convert cell-wall polysaccharides into fermentable sugars 560:684 Lignin content and composition are the most important factors associated with biomass recalcitrance to convert cell-wall polysaccharides into fermentable sugars. 28836437 4 52 theme Lignin 525:530 arg1 composition 544:554 composition 544:554 composition 544:554 Lignin content and composition are the most important factors associated with biomass recalcitrance to convert cell-wall polysaccharides into fermentable sugars. 28836437 4 52 theme Lignin 525:530 arg1 content 532:538 Lignin content 525:538 Lignin content 525:538 Lignin content and composition are the most important factors associated with biomass recalcitrance to convert cell-wall polysaccharides into fermentable sugars. 28836437 7 53 theme nonredundant 1068:1079 arg1 proteins 1081:1088 the ∼1000 nonredundant proteins 1058:1088 the ∼1000 nonredundant proteins identified 1058:1099 From the ∼1000 nonredundant proteins identified, 28 and 177 were differentially accumulated in response to nitrogen from IACSP04-065 and IACSP04-627 lines, respectively. 25151375 5 0 link O-linked 493:500 arg1 residues 515:522 These O-linked carbohydrate residues 487:522 These O-linked carbohydrate residues 487:522 These O-linked carbohydrate residues are found primarily on the outer surface of the plasma membrane or in the extracellular space. 25151375 5 1 theme outer 551:555 arg1 surface 557:563 the outer surface 547:563 the outer surface of the plasma membrane 547:586 These O-linked carbohydrate residues are found primarily on the outer surface of the plasma membrane or in the extracellular space. 25151375 7 2 theme important 739:747 arg1 roles 749:753 important roles 739:753 important roles 739:753 Due to their structural diversity, they play important roles in a variety of biological processes such as membrane transport and cell-cell interactions. 25151375 3 3 mod modified 273:280 arg3 addition 289:296 the addition 285:296 the addition of either glucose or galactose to form glycosphingolipid, galactosylceramide, or glucosylceramide 285:394 Membrane lipid, ceramide, is modified by the addition of either glucose or galactose to form glycosphingolipid, galactosylceramide, or glucosylceramide. 25151375 3 3 mod modified 273:280 arg1 ceramide 260:267 ceramide 260:267 ceramide 260:267 Membrane lipid, ceramide, is modified by the addition of either glucose or galactose to form glycosphingolipid, galactosylceramide, or glucosylceramide. 25151375 3 3 mod modified 273:280 arg1 lipid 253:257 Membrane lipid 244:257 Membrane lipid 244:257 Membrane lipid, ceramide, is modified by the addition of either glucose or galactose to form glycosphingolipid, galactosylceramide, or glucosylceramide. 25151375 5 4 theme extracellular 598:610 arg1 space 612:616 the extracellular space 594:616 the extracellular space 594:616 These O-linked carbohydrate residues are found primarily on the outer surface of the plasma membrane or in the extracellular space. 25151375 7 5 theme structural 707:716 arg1 diversity 718:726 their structural diversity 701:726 their structural diversity 701:726 Due to their structural diversity, they play important roles in a variety of biological processes such as membrane transport and cell-cell interactions. 25151375 4 6 theme cholesterol 452:462 arg1 lipids 442:447 glucosylated lipids 429:447 glucosylated lipids of cholesterol and phosphatidic acid 429:484 Recent analyses have identified glucosylated lipids of cholesterol and phosphatidic acid. 25151375 0 7 from Synthesis 0:8 arg1 system 53:58 the nervous system 41:58 the nervous system 41:58 Synthesis of o-linked glycoconjugates in the nervous system. 25151375 0 8 link o-linked 13:20 arg1 glycoconjugates 22:36 o-linked glycoconjugates 13:36 o-linked glycoconjugates 13:36 Synthesis of o-linked glycoconjugates in the nervous system. 25151375 1 9 link O-linked 84:91 arg1 N-acetylgluco-samine 116:135 O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylgluco-samine, mannose, fucose, glucose, and xylose 84:173 N-acetylgluco-samine 116:135 Glycoproteins carrying O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylgluco-samine, mannose, fucose, glucose, and xylose are found in the nervous system. 25151375 5 10 theme carbohydrate 502:513 arg1 residues 515:522 These O-linked carbohydrate residues 487:522 These O-linked carbohydrate residues 487:522 These O-linked carbohydrate residues are found primarily on the outer surface of the plasma membrane or in the extracellular space. 25151375 3 11 theme galactose 319:327 arg1 addition 289:296 the addition 285:296 the addition of either glucose or galactose to form glycosphingolipid, galactosylceramide, or glucosylceramide 285:394 Membrane lipid, ceramide, is modified by the addition of either glucose or galactose to form glycosphingolipid, galactosylceramide, or glucosylceramide. 25151375 4 12 theme acid 481:484 arg1 lipids 442:447 glucosylated lipids 429:447 glucosylated lipids of cholesterol and phosphatidic acid 429:484 Recent analyses have identified glucosylated lipids of cholesterol and phosphatidic acid. 25151375 3 13 theme Membrane 244:251 arg1 ceramide 260:267 ceramide 260:267 ceramide 260:267 Membrane lipid, ceramide, is modified by the addition of either glucose or galactose to form glycosphingolipid, galactosylceramide, or glucosylceramide. 25151375 3 13 theme Membrane 244:251 arg1 lipid 253:257 Membrane lipid 244:257 Membrane lipid 244:257 Membrane lipid, ceramide, is modified by the addition of either glucose or galactose to form glycosphingolipid, galactosylceramide, or glucosylceramide. 25151375 4 14 theme Recent 397:402 arg1 analyses 404:411 Recent analyses 397:411 Recent analyses 397:411 Recent analyses have identified glucosylated lipids of cholesterol and phosphatidic acid. 25151375 5 15 theme membrane 579:586 arg1 surface 557:563 the outer surface 547:563 the outer surface of the plasma membrane 547:586 These O-linked carbohydrate residues are found primarily on the outer surface of the plasma membrane or in the extracellular space. 25151375 1 16 theme O-linked 84:91 arg1 N-acetylgluco-samine 116:135 O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylgluco-samine, mannose, fucose, glucose, and xylose 84:173 N-acetylgluco-samine 116:135 Glycoproteins carrying O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylgluco-samine, mannose, fucose, glucose, and xylose are found in the nervous system. 25151375 1 17 theme N-acetylgalactosamine 93:113 arg1 N-acetylgluco-samine 116:135 O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylgluco-samine, mannose, fucose, glucose, and xylose 84:173 N-acetylgluco-samine 116:135 Glycoproteins carrying O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylgluco-samine, mannose, fucose, glucose, and xylose are found in the nervous system. 25151375 0 18 theme glycoconjugates 22:36 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of o-linked glycoconjugates in the nervous system. 0:59 Synthesis of o-linked glycoconjugates in the nervous system. 25151375 1 19 contain carrying 75:82 arg2 N-acetylgluco-samine 116:135 O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylgluco-samine, mannose, fucose, glucose, and xylose 84:173 N-acetylgluco-samine 116:135 Glycoproteins carrying O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylgluco-samine, mannose, fucose, glucose, and xylose are found in the nervous system. 25151375 1 19 contain carrying 75:82 arg1 Glycoproteins 61:73 Glycoproteins 61:73 Glycoproteins carrying O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylgluco-samine, mannose, fucose, glucose, and xylose 61:173 Glycoproteins carrying O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylgluco-samine, mannose, fucose, glucose, and xylose are found in the nervous system. 25151375 1 20 theme nervous 192:198 arg1 system 200:205 the nervous system 188:205 the nervous system 188:205 Glycoproteins carrying O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylgluco-samine, mannose, fucose, glucose, and xylose are found in the nervous system. 25151375 0 21 theme o-linked 13:20 arg1 glycoconjugates 22:36 o-linked glycoconjugates 13:36 o-linked glycoconjugates 13:36 Synthesis of o-linked glycoconjugates in the nervous system. 25151375 7 22 theme membrane 800:807 arg1 transport 809:817 membrane transport 800:817 membrane transport 800:817 Due to their structural diversity, they play important roles in a variety of biological processes such as membrane transport and cell-cell interactions. 25151375 1 23 located found 179:183 arg1 system 200:205 the nervous system 188:205 the nervous system 188:205 Glycoproteins carrying O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylgluco-samine, mannose, fucose, glucose, and xylose are found in the nervous system. 25151375 1 23 located found 179:183 arg2 Glycoproteins 61:73 Glycoproteins 61:73 Glycoproteins carrying O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylgluco-samine, mannose, fucose, glucose, and xylose 61:173 Glycoproteins carrying O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylgluco-samine, mannose, fucose, glucose, and xylose are found in the nervous system. 25151375 2 24 gly glycosylated 222:233 arg1 well 238:241 well 238:241 well 238:241 Lipids can be glycosylated as well. 25151375 2 24 gly glycosylated 222:233 arg1 Lipids 208:213 Lipids 208:213 Lipids 208:213 Lipids can be glycosylated as well. 25151375 5 25 located found 528:532 arg2 residues 515:522 These O-linked carbohydrate residues 487:522 These O-linked carbohydrate residues 487:522 These O-linked carbohydrate residues are found primarily on the outer surface of the plasma membrane or in the extracellular space. 25151375 5 25 located found 528:532 arg1 surface 557:563 the outer surface 547:563 the outer surface of the plasma membrane 547:586 These O-linked carbohydrate residues are found primarily on the outer surface of the plasma membrane or in the extracellular space. 25151375 5 26 theme O-linked 493:500 arg1 residues 515:522 These O-linked carbohydrate residues 487:522 These O-linked carbohydrate residues 487:522 These O-linked carbohydrate residues are found primarily on the outer surface of the plasma membrane or in the extracellular space. 25151375 4 27 theme phosphatidic 468:479 arg1 acid 481:484 phosphatidic acid 468:484 phosphatidic acid 468:484 Recent analyses have identified glucosylated lipids of cholesterol and phosphatidic acid. 25151375 7 28 theme cell-cell 823:831 arg1 interactions 833:844 cell-cell interactions 823:844 cell-cell interactions 823:844 Due to their structural diversity, they play important roles in a variety of biological processes such as membrane transport and cell-cell interactions. 25151375 0 29 theme nervous 45:51 arg1 system 53:58 the nervous system 41:58 the nervous system 41:58 Synthesis of o-linked glycoconjugates in the nervous system. 25151375 7 30 theme biological 771:780 arg1 transport 809:817 membrane transport 800:817 membrane transport 800:817 Due to their structural diversity, they play important roles in a variety of biological processes such as membrane transport and cell-cell interactions. 25151375 7 30 theme biological 771:780 arg1 interactions 833:844 cell-cell interactions 823:844 cell-cell interactions 823:844 Due to their structural diversity, they play important roles in a variety of biological processes such as membrane transport and cell-cell interactions. 25151375 7 30 theme biological 771:780 arg1 processes 782:790 biological processes 771:790 biological processes such as membrane transport and cell-cell interactions 771:844 Due to their structural diversity, they play important roles in a variety of biological processes such as membrane transport and cell-cell interactions. 25151375 7 31 theme processes 782:790 arg1 transport 809:817 membrane transport 800:817 membrane transport 800:817 Due to their structural diversity, they play important roles in a variety of biological processes such as membrane transport and cell-cell interactions. 25151375 7 31 theme processes 782:790 arg1 interactions 833:844 cell-cell interactions 823:844 cell-cell interactions 823:844 Due to their structural diversity, they play important roles in a variety of biological processes such as membrane transport and cell-cell interactions. 25151375 7 31 theme processes 782:790 arg1 variety 760:766 a variety 758:766 a variety of biological processes such as membrane transport and cell-cell interactions 758:844 Due to their structural diversity, they play important roles in a variety of biological processes such as membrane transport and cell-cell interactions. 25151375 7 31 theme processes 782:790 arg1 processes 782:790 biological processes 771:790 biological processes such as membrane transport and cell-cell interactions 771:844 Due to their structural diversity, they play important roles in a variety of biological processes such as membrane transport and cell-cell interactions. 25151375 5 32 theme plasma 572:577 arg1 membrane 579:586 the plasma membrane 568:586 the plasma membrane 568:586 These O-linked carbohydrate residues are found primarily on the outer surface of the plasma membrane or in the extracellular space. 25151375 6 33 dep specific 654:661 arg1 cell 639:642 cell 639:642 cell 639:642 Their expression is cell or tissue specific and developmentally regulated. 25151375 3 34 theme glucose 308:314 arg1 addition 289:296 the addition 285:296 the addition of either glucose or galactose to form glycosphingolipid, galactosylceramide, or glucosylceramide 285:394 Membrane lipid, ceramide, is modified by the addition of either glucose or galactose to form glycosphingolipid, galactosylceramide, or glucosylceramide. 25151375 4 35 theme glucosylated 429:440 arg1 lipids 442:447 glucosylated lipids 429:447 glucosylated lipids of cholesterol and phosphatidic acid 429:484 Recent analyses have identified glucosylated lipids of cholesterol and phosphatidic acid. 25151375 1 36 dep N-acetylgluco-samine 116:135 arg1 fucose 147:152 fucose 147:152 fucose 147:152 Glycoproteins carrying O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylgluco-samine, mannose, fucose, glucose, and xylose are found in the nervous system. 25151375 1 36 dep N-acetylgluco-samine 116:135 arg1 mannose 138:144 mannose 138:144 mannose 138:144 Glycoproteins carrying O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylgluco-samine, mannose, fucose, glucose, and xylose are found in the nervous system. 25151375 1 36 dep N-acetylgluco-samine 116:135 arg1 glucose 155:161 glucose 155:161 glucose 155:161 Glycoproteins carrying O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylgluco-samine, mannose, fucose, glucose, and xylose are found in the nervous system. 25151375 1 36 dep N-acetylgluco-samine 116:135 arg1 xylose 168:173 xylose 168:173 xylose 168:173 Glycoproteins carrying O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylgluco-samine, mannose, fucose, glucose, and xylose are found in the nervous system. 28857301 10 0 from the 1845:1847 arg1 useful 1835:1840 useful 1835:1840 useful 1835:1840 Further study of other cardenolides and related molecules, as well as the development of new molecules derived from ouabain, could also prove useful in the fight against the oxidative and/or general cell stress triggered by neuronal pathologies. 28857301 7 1 theme neuroprotective 1194:1208 arg1 effect 1210:1215 a neuroprotective effect 1192:1215 a neuroprotective effect of ouabain against LPS-induced oxidative stress 1192:1263 Our data suggest a neuroprotective effect of ouabain against LPS-induced oxidative stress by promoting membrane lipid remodeling and increasing the expression of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 10 2 theme general 1884:1890 arg1 stress 1897:1902 the oxidative and/or general cell stress 1863:1902 the oxidative and/or general cell stress triggered by neuronal pathologies 1863:1936 Further study of other cardenolides and related molecules, as well as the development of new molecules derived from ouabain, could also prove useful in the fight against the oxidative and/or general cell stress triggered by neuronal pathologies. 28857301 10 3 theme other 1710:1714 arg1 cardenolides 1716:1727 other cardenolides 1710:1727 other cardenolides 1710:1727 Further study of other cardenolides and related molecules, as well as the development of new molecules derived from ouabain, could also prove useful in the fight against the oxidative and/or general cell stress triggered by neuronal pathologies. 28857301 6 4 theme Na 1153:1154 arg1 activity 1165:1172 the Na,K-ATPase activity 1149:1172 the Na,K-ATPase activity 1149:1172 Administration of ouabain plus LPS enhanced the total ganglioside content and EAAT4 levels, but failed to alter the Na,K-ATPase activity. 28857301 4 5 theme oxidative 801:809 arg1 stress 811:816 increased oxidative stress 791:816 increased oxidative stress 791:816 Administration of LPS resulted in increased oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation levels, glutathione peroxidase activity, decreased catalase activity and reduced glutathione levels. 28857301 10 6 theme molecules 1741:1749 arg1 study 1701:1705 Further study 1693:1705 Further study of other cardenolides and related molecules 1693:1749 Further study of other cardenolides and related molecules, as well as the development of new molecules derived from ouabain, could also prove useful in the fight against the oxidative and/or general cell stress triggered by neuronal pathologies. 28857301 10 6 theme molecules 1741:1749 arg1 development 1767:1777 the development 1763:1777 the development of new molecules derived from ouabain 1763:1815 Further study of other cardenolides and related molecules, as well as the development of new molecules derived from ouabain, could also prove useful in the fight against the oxidative and/or general cell stress triggered by neuronal pathologies. 28857301 9 7 theme neurodegenerative 1667:1683 arg1 models 1685:1690 neurodegenerative models 1667:1690 neurodegenerative models 1667:1690 The relevance of our results extends beyond LPS-induced changes in oxidative parameters, as nanomolar doses of ouabain might prove useful in neurodegenerative models. 28857301 1 8 from activities 267:276 arg1 parameters 219:228 oxidative parameters 209:228 oxidative parameters 209:228 Our study aimed to analyze the effect of ouabain administration on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in oxidative parameters, membrane lipid composition, and the activities of some important enzymes of the nervous system. 28857301 1 9 theme -induced 189:196 arg1 changes 198:204 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes 165:204 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in oxidative parameters 165:228 Our study aimed to analyze the effect of ouabain administration on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in oxidative parameters, membrane lipid composition, and the activities of some important enzymes of the nervous system. 28857301 4 10 theme peroxidase 889:898 arg1 activity 900:907 glutathione peroxidase activity 877:907 glutathione peroxidase activity 877:907 Administration of LPS resulted in increased oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation levels, glutathione peroxidase activity, decreased catalase activity and reduced glutathione levels. 28857301 6 11 dep Na 1153:1154 arg1 K-ATPase 1156:1163 K-ATPase 1156:1163 K-ATPase 1156:1163 Administration of ouabain plus LPS enhanced the total ganglioside content and EAAT4 levels, but failed to alter the Na,K-ATPase activity. 28857301 1 12 from composition 246:256 arg1 parameters 219:228 oxidative parameters 209:228 oxidative parameters 209:228 Our study aimed to analyze the effect of ouabain administration on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in oxidative parameters, membrane lipid composition, and the activities of some important enzymes of the nervous system. 28857301 1 13 from changes 198:204 arg1 parameters 219:228 oxidative parameters 209:228 oxidative parameters 209:228 Our study aimed to analyze the effect of ouabain administration on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in oxidative parameters, membrane lipid composition, and the activities of some important enzymes of the nervous system. 28857301 7 14 theme EAAT4 1359:1363 arg1 expression 1323:1332 the expression 1319:1332 the expression of glutamate transporter EAAT4 1319:1363 Our data suggest a neuroprotective effect of ouabain against LPS-induced oxidative stress by promoting membrane lipid remodeling and increasing the expression of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 10 15 theme new 1782:1784 arg1 molecules 1786:1794 new molecules 1782:1794 new molecules derived from ouabain 1782:1815 Further study of other cardenolides and related molecules, as well as the development of new molecules derived from ouabain, could also prove useful in the fight against the oxidative and/or general cell stress triggered by neuronal pathologies. 28857301 4 16 theme peroxidation 856:867 arg1 levels 869:874 lipid peroxidation levels 850:874 lipid peroxidation levels 850:874 Administration of LPS resulted in increased oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation levels, glutathione peroxidase activity, decreased catalase activity and reduced glutathione levels. 28857301 7 17 theme glutamate 1337:1345 arg1 EAAT4 1359:1363 glutamate transporter EAAT4 1337:1363 glutamate transporter EAAT4 1337:1363 Our data suggest a neuroprotective effect of ouabain against LPS-induced oxidative stress by promoting membrane lipid remodeling and increasing the expression of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 3 18 theme catalase 592:599 arg1 activities 556:565 the activities 552:565 the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase 552:626 Oxidative parameters were also evaluated, including the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity and the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 3 19 theme transporter 738:748 arg1 EAAT4 750:754 glutamate transporter EAAT4 728:754 glutamate transporter EAAT4 728:754 Oxidative parameters were also evaluated, including the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity and the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 1 20 theme nervous 311:317 arg1 system 319:324 the nervous system 307:324 the nervous system 307:324 Our study aimed to analyze the effect of ouabain administration on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in oxidative parameters, membrane lipid composition, and the activities of some important enzymes of the nervous system. 28857301 3 21 theme dismutase 581:589 arg1 activities 556:565 the activities 552:565 the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase 552:626 Oxidative parameters were also evaluated, including the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity and the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 4 22 theme glutathione 950:960 arg1 levels 962:967 reduced glutathione levels 942:967 reduced glutathione levels 942:967 Administration of LPS resulted in increased oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation levels, glutathione peroxidase activity, decreased catalase activity and reduced glutathione levels. 28857301 1 23 theme administration 147:160 arg1 effect 129:134 the effect 125:134 the effect of ouabain administration on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in oxidative parameters, membrane lipid composition, and the activities of some important enzymes of the nervous system 125:324 Our study aimed to analyze the effect of ouabain administration on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in oxidative parameters, membrane lipid composition, and the activities of some important enzymes of the nervous system. 28857301 8 24 theme ouabain-mediated 1479:1494 arg1 effect 1496:1501 a possible ouabain-mediated effect 1468:1501 a possible ouabain-mediated effect on cellular signaling 1468:1523 Our results emphasize that the observed oxidative stress is not correlated with Na,K-ATPase, but with a possible ouabain-mediated effect on cellular signaling. 28857301 0 25 theme rats 92:95 arg1 cerebellum 78:87 the cerebellum 74:87 the cerebellum of rats 74:95 Ouabain attenuates the oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharides in the cerebellum of rats. 28857301 1 26 from effect 129:134 arg1 composition 246:256 membrane lipid composition 231:256 membrane lipid composition 231:256 Our study aimed to analyze the effect of ouabain administration on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in oxidative parameters, membrane lipid composition, and the activities of some important enzymes of the nervous system. 28857301 1 26 from effect 129:134 arg1 changes 198:204 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes 165:204 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in oxidative parameters 165:228 Our study aimed to analyze the effect of ouabain administration on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in oxidative parameters, membrane lipid composition, and the activities of some important enzymes of the nervous system. 28857301 1 26 from effect 129:134 arg1 activities 267:276 the activities 263:276 the activities of some important enzymes of the nervous system 263:324 Our study aimed to analyze the effect of ouabain administration on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in oxidative parameters, membrane lipid composition, and the activities of some important enzymes of the nervous system. 28857301 4 27 theme catalase 920:927 arg1 activity 929:936 decreased catalase activity 910:936 decreased catalase activity 910:936 Administration of LPS resulted in increased oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation levels, glutathione peroxidase activity, decreased catalase activity and reduced glutathione levels. 28857301 2 28 theme gangliosides 374:385 arg1 content 331:337 The content 327:337 The content of phospholipids, cholesterol, and gangliosides 327:385 The content of phospholipids, cholesterol, and gangliosides were analyzed in Wistar rats after intraperitoneal injection of ouabain (1.8 μg/kg), LPS (200 μg/kg), or saline. 28857301 6 29 theme ouabain 1055:1061 arg1 Administration 1037:1050 Administration 1037:1050 Administration of ouabain plus LPS 1037:1070 Administration of ouabain plus LPS enhanced the total ganglioside content and EAAT4 levels, but failed to alter the Na,K-ATPase activity. 28857301 10 30 theme neuronal 1917:1924 arg1 pathologies 1926:1936 neuronal pathologies 1917:1936 neuronal pathologies 1917:1936 Further study of other cardenolides and related molecules, as well as the development of new molecules derived from ouabain, could also prove useful in the fight against the oxidative and/or general cell stress triggered by neuronal pathologies. 28857301 2 31 theme Wistar 404:409 arg1 rats 411:414 Wistar rats 404:414 Wistar rats 404:414 The content of phospholipids, cholesterol, and gangliosides were analyzed in Wistar rats after intraperitoneal injection of ouabain (1.8 μg/kg), LPS (200 μg/kg), or saline. 28857301 9 32 theme LPS-induced 1570:1580 arg1 changes 1582:1588 LPS-induced changes 1570:1588 LPS-induced changes in oxidative parameters 1570:1612 The relevance of our results extends beyond LPS-induced changes in oxidative parameters, as nanomolar doses of ouabain might prove useful in neurodegenerative models. 28857301 9 33 from changes 1582:1588 arg1 parameters 1603:1612 oxidative parameters 1593:1612 oxidative parameters 1593:1612 The relevance of our results extends beyond LPS-induced changes in oxidative parameters, as nanomolar doses of ouabain might prove useful in neurodegenerative models. 28857301 7 34 theme lipid 1287:1291 arg1 remodeling 1293:1302 membrane lipid remodeling 1278:1302 membrane lipid remodeling 1278:1302 Our data suggest a neuroprotective effect of ouabain against LPS-induced oxidative stress by promoting membrane lipid remodeling and increasing the expression of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 4 35 theme LPS 775:777 arg1 Administration 757:770 Administration 757:770 Administration of LPS 757:777 Administration of LPS resulted in increased oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation levels, glutathione peroxidase activity, decreased catalase activity and reduced glutathione levels. 28857301 1 36 theme important 286:294 arg1 enzymes 296:302 some important enzymes 281:302 some important enzymes of the nervous system 281:324 Our study aimed to analyze the effect of ouabain administration on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in oxidative parameters, membrane lipid composition, and the activities of some important enzymes of the nervous system. 28857301 2 37 theme ouabain 451:457 arg1 injection 438:446 intraperitoneal injection 422:446 intraperitoneal injection of ouabain (1.8 μg/kg), LPS (200 μg/kg), or saline 422:497 The content of phospholipids, cholesterol, and gangliosides were analyzed in Wistar rats after intraperitoneal injection of ouabain (1.8 μg/kg), LPS (200 μg/kg), or saline. 28857301 3 38 theme glutathione 605:615 arg1 peroxidase 617:626 glutathione peroxidase 605:626 glutathione peroxidase 605:626 Oxidative parameters were also evaluated, including the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity and the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 8 39 theme observed 1397:1404 arg1 stress 1416:1421 the observed oxidative stress 1393:1421 the observed oxidative stress 1393:1421 Our results emphasize that the observed oxidative stress is not correlated with Na,K-ATPase, but with a possible ouabain-mediated effect on cellular signaling. 28857301 3 40 theme glutathione 643:653 arg1 level 719:723 the level 715:723 the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4 715:754 Oxidative parameters were also evaluated, including the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity and the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 3 40 theme glutathione 643:653 arg1 levels 633:638 the levels 629:638 the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation 629:676 Oxidative parameters were also evaluated, including the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity and the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 3 40 theme glutathione 643:653 arg1 activity 702:709 K-ATPase activity 693:709 K-ATPase activity 693:709 Oxidative parameters were also evaluated, including the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity and the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 3 40 theme glutathione 643:653 arg1 Na 690:691 Na 690:691 Na 690:691 Oxidative parameters were also evaluated, including the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity and the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 10 41 theme Further 1693:1699 arg1 study 1701:1705 Further study 1693:1705 Further study of other cardenolides and related molecules 1693:1749 Further study of other cardenolides and related molecules, as well as the development of new molecules derived from ouabain, could also prove useful in the fight against the oxidative and/or general cell stress triggered by neuronal pathologies. 28857301 1 42 theme oxidative 209:217 arg1 parameters 219:228 oxidative parameters 209:228 oxidative parameters 209:228 Our study aimed to analyze the effect of ouabain administration on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in oxidative parameters, membrane lipid composition, and the activities of some important enzymes of the nervous system. 28857301 7 43 theme LPS-induced 1236:1246 arg1 stress 1258:1263 LPS-induced oxidative stress 1236:1263 LPS-induced oxidative stress 1236:1263 Our data suggest a neuroprotective effect of ouabain against LPS-induced oxidative stress by promoting membrane lipid remodeling and increasing the expression of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 10 44 theme related 1733:1739 arg1 molecules 1741:1749 related molecules 1733:1749 related molecules 1733:1749 Further study of other cardenolides and related molecules, as well as the development of new molecules derived from ouabain, could also prove useful in the fight against the oxidative and/or general cell stress triggered by neuronal pathologies. 28857301 7 45 theme ouabain 1220:1226 arg1 effect 1210:1215 a neuroprotective effect 1192:1215 a neuroprotective effect of ouabain against LPS-induced oxidative stress 1192:1263 Our data suggest a neuroprotective effect of ouabain against LPS-induced oxidative stress by promoting membrane lipid remodeling and increasing the expression of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 10 46 theme cell 1892:1895 arg1 stress 1897:1902 the oxidative and/or general cell stress 1863:1902 the oxidative and/or general cell stress triggered by neuronal pathologies 1863:1936 Further study of other cardenolides and related molecules, as well as the development of new molecules derived from ouabain, could also prove useful in the fight against the oxidative and/or general cell stress triggered by neuronal pathologies. 28857301 10 47 theme cardenolides 1716:1727 arg1 study 1701:1705 Further study 1693:1705 Further study of other cardenolides and related molecules 1693:1749 Further study of other cardenolides and related molecules, as well as the development of new molecules derived from ouabain, could also prove useful in the fight against the oxidative and/or general cell stress triggered by neuronal pathologies. 28857301 10 47 theme cardenolides 1716:1727 arg1 development 1767:1777 the development 1763:1777 the development of new molecules derived from ouabain 1763:1815 Further study of other cardenolides and related molecules, as well as the development of new molecules derived from ouabain, could also prove useful in the fight against the oxidative and/or general cell stress triggered by neuronal pathologies. 28857301 1 48 theme lipid 240:244 arg1 composition 246:256 membrane lipid composition 231:256 membrane lipid composition 231:256 Our study aimed to analyze the effect of ouabain administration on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in oxidative parameters, membrane lipid composition, and the activities of some important enzymes of the nervous system. 28857301 9 49 theme ouabain 1637:1643 arg1 doses 1628:1632 nanomolar doses 1618:1632 nanomolar doses of ouabain 1618:1643 The relevance of our results extends beyond LPS-induced changes in oxidative parameters, as nanomolar doses of ouabain might prove useful in neurodegenerative models. 28857301 6 50 theme LPS 1068:1070 arg1 Administration 1037:1050 Administration 1037:1050 Administration of ouabain plus LPS 1037:1070 Administration of ouabain plus LPS enhanced the total ganglioside content and EAAT4 levels, but failed to alter the Na,K-ATPase activity. 28857301 3 51 theme lipid 659:663 arg1 peroxidation 665:676 lipid peroxidation 659:676 lipid peroxidation 659:676 Oxidative parameters were also evaluated, including the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity and the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 3 52 theme Oxidative 500:508 arg1 parameters 510:519 Oxidative parameters 500:519 Oxidative parameters 500:519 Oxidative parameters were also evaluated, including the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity and the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 6 53 theme EAAT4 1115:1119 arg1 levels 1121:1126 EAAT4 levels 1115:1126 EAAT4 levels 1115:1126 Administration of ouabain plus LPS enhanced the total ganglioside content and EAAT4 levels, but failed to alter the Na,K-ATPase activity. 28857301 4 54 theme increased 791:799 arg1 stress 811:816 increased oxidative stress 791:816 increased oxidative stress 791:816 Administration of LPS resulted in increased oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation levels, glutathione peroxidase activity, decreased catalase activity and reduced glutathione levels. 28857301 10 55 attach derived 1796:1802 arg1 ouabain 1809:1815 ouabain 1809:1815 ouabain 1809:1815 Further study of other cardenolides and related molecules, as well as the development of new molecules derived from ouabain, could also prove useful in the fight against the oxidative and/or general cell stress triggered by neuronal pathologies. 28857301 10 55 attach derived 1796:1802 arg2 molecules 1786:1794 new molecules 1782:1794 new molecules derived from ouabain 1782:1815 Further study of other cardenolides and related molecules, as well as the development of new molecules derived from ouabain, could also prove useful in the fight against the oxidative and/or general cell stress triggered by neuronal pathologies. 28857301 3 56 theme K-ATPase 693:700 arg1 activity 702:709 K-ATPase activity 693:709 K-ATPase activity 693:709 Oxidative parameters were also evaluated, including the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity and the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 4 57 theme glutathione 877:887 arg1 peroxidase 889:898 glutathione peroxidase 877:898 glutathione peroxidase activity 877:907 Administration of LPS resulted in increased oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation levels, glutathione peroxidase activity, decreased catalase activity and reduced glutathione levels. 28857301 3 58 theme glutamate 728:736 arg1 EAAT4 750:754 glutamate transporter EAAT4 728:754 glutamate transporter EAAT4 728:754 Oxidative parameters were also evaluated, including the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity and the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 10 59 theme molecules 1786:1794 arg1 study 1701:1705 Further study 1693:1705 Further study of other cardenolides and related molecules 1693:1749 Further study of other cardenolides and related molecules, as well as the development of new molecules derived from ouabain, could also prove useful in the fight against the oxidative and/or general cell stress triggered by neuronal pathologies. 28857301 10 59 theme molecules 1786:1794 arg1 development 1767:1777 the development 1763:1777 the development of new molecules derived from ouabain 1763:1815 Further study of other cardenolides and related molecules, as well as the development of new molecules derived from ouabain, could also prove useful in the fight against the oxidative and/or general cell stress triggered by neuronal pathologies. 28857301 4 60 theme lipid 850:854 arg1 peroxidation 856:867 lipid peroxidation 850:867 lipid peroxidation levels 850:874 Administration of LPS resulted in increased oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation levels, glutathione peroxidase activity, decreased catalase activity and reduced glutathione levels. 28857301 7 61 theme transporter 1347:1357 arg1 EAAT4 1359:1363 glutamate transporter EAAT4 1337:1363 glutamate transporter EAAT4 1337:1363 Our data suggest a neuroprotective effect of ouabain against LPS-induced oxidative stress by promoting membrane lipid remodeling and increasing the expression of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 4 62 from increase 838:845 arg1 activity 900:907 glutathione peroxidase activity 877:907 glutathione peroxidase activity 877:907 Administration of LPS resulted in increased oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation levels, glutathione peroxidase activity, decreased catalase activity and reduced glutathione levels. 28857301 4 62 from increase 838:845 arg1 levels 962:967 reduced glutathione levels 942:967 reduced glutathione levels 942:967 Administration of LPS resulted in increased oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation levels, glutathione peroxidase activity, decreased catalase activity and reduced glutathione levels. 28857301 4 62 from increase 838:845 arg1 activity 929:936 decreased catalase activity 910:936 decreased catalase activity 910:936 Administration of LPS resulted in increased oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation levels, glutathione peroxidase activity, decreased catalase activity and reduced glutathione levels. 28857301 4 62 from increase 838:845 arg1 levels 869:874 lipid peroxidation levels 850:874 lipid peroxidation levels 850:874 Administration of LPS resulted in increased oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation levels, glutathione peroxidase activity, decreased catalase activity and reduced glutathione levels. 28857301 3 63 theme superoxide 570:579 arg1 dismutase 581:589 superoxide dismutase 570:589 superoxide dismutase 570:589 Oxidative parameters were also evaluated, including the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity and the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 2 64 theme LPS 472:474 arg1 injection 438:446 intraperitoneal injection 422:446 intraperitoneal injection of ouabain (1.8 μg/kg), LPS (200 μg/kg), or saline 422:497 The content of phospholipids, cholesterol, and gangliosides were analyzed in Wistar rats after intraperitoneal injection of ouabain (1.8 μg/kg), LPS (200 μg/kg), or saline. 28857301 8 65 theme possible 1470:1477 arg1 effect 1496:1501 a possible ouabain-mediated effect 1468:1501 a possible ouabain-mediated effect on cellular signaling 1468:1523 Our results emphasize that the observed oxidative stress is not correlated with Na,K-ATPase, but with a possible ouabain-mediated effect on cellular signaling. 28857301 3 66 theme EAAT4 750:754 arg1 level 719:723 the level 715:723 the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4 715:754 Oxidative parameters were also evaluated, including the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity and the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 3 66 theme EAAT4 750:754 arg1 levels 633:638 the levels 629:638 the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation 629:676 Oxidative parameters were also evaluated, including the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity and the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 3 66 theme EAAT4 750:754 arg1 activity 702:709 K-ATPase activity 693:709 K-ATPase activity 693:709 Oxidative parameters were also evaluated, including the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity and the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 3 66 theme EAAT4 750:754 arg1 Na 690:691 Na 690:691 Na 690:691 Oxidative parameters were also evaluated, including the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity and the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 1 67 theme system 319:324 arg1 enzymes 296:302 some important enzymes 281:302 some important enzymes of the nervous system 281:324 Our study aimed to analyze the effect of ouabain administration on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in oxidative parameters, membrane lipid composition, and the activities of some important enzymes of the nervous system. 28857301 1 68 theme ouabain 139:145 arg1 administration 147:160 ouabain administration 139:160 ouabain administration 139:160 Our study aimed to analyze the effect of ouabain administration on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in oxidative parameters, membrane lipid composition, and the activities of some important enzymes of the nervous system. 28857301 4 69 theme reduced 942:948 arg1 levels 962:967 reduced glutathione levels 942:967 reduced glutathione levels 942:967 Administration of LPS resulted in increased oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation levels, glutathione peroxidase activity, decreased catalase activity and reduced glutathione levels. 28857301 8 70 theme cellular 1506:1513 arg1 signaling 1515:1523 cellular signaling 1506:1523 cellular signaling 1506:1523 Our results emphasize that the observed oxidative stress is not correlated with Na,K-ATPase, but with a possible ouabain-mediated effect on cellular signaling. 28857301 6 71 theme ganglioside 1091:1101 arg1 content 1103:1109 the total ganglioside content 1081:1109 the total ganglioside content 1081:1109 Administration of ouabain plus LPS enhanced the total ganglioside content and EAAT4 levels, but failed to alter the Na,K-ATPase activity. 28857301 4 72 theme decreased 910:918 arg1 activity 929:936 decreased catalase activity 910:936 decreased catalase activity 910:936 Administration of LPS resulted in increased oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation levels, glutathione peroxidase activity, decreased catalase activity and reduced glutathione levels. 28857301 5 73 with pretreatment 1010:1021 arg1 ouabain 1028:1034 ouabain 1028:1034 ouabain 1028:1034 All changes recorded were attenuated by pretreatment with ouabain. 28857301 8 74 from effect 1496:1501 arg1 signaling 1515:1523 cellular signaling 1506:1523 cellular signaling 1506:1523 Our results emphasize that the observed oxidative stress is not correlated with Na,K-ATPase, but with a possible ouabain-mediated effect on cellular signaling. 28857301 9 75 theme results 1547:1553 arg1 relevance 1530:1538 The relevance 1526:1538 The relevance of our results 1526:1553 The relevance of our results extends beyond LPS-induced changes in oxidative parameters, as nanomolar doses of ouabain might prove useful in neurodegenerative models. 28857301 2 76 theme intraperitoneal 422:436 arg1 injection 438:446 intraperitoneal injection 422:446 intraperitoneal injection of ouabain (1.8 μg/kg), LPS (200 μg/kg), or saline 422:497 The content of phospholipids, cholesterol, and gangliosides were analyzed in Wistar rats after intraperitoneal injection of ouabain (1.8 μg/kg), LPS (200 μg/kg), or saline. 28857301 2 77 theme cholesterol 357:367 arg1 content 331:337 The content 327:337 The content of phospholipids, cholesterol, and gangliosides 327:385 The content of phospholipids, cholesterol, and gangliosides were analyzed in Wistar rats after intraperitoneal injection of ouabain (1.8 μg/kg), LPS (200 μg/kg), or saline. 28857301 0 78 theme oxidative 23:31 arg1 stress 33:38 the oxidative stress 19:38 the oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharides in the cerebellum of rats 19:95 Ouabain attenuates the oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharides in the cerebellum of rats. 28857301 7 79 theme membrane 1278:1285 arg1 remodeling 1293:1302 membrane lipid remodeling 1278:1302 membrane lipid remodeling 1278:1302 Our data suggest a neuroprotective effect of ouabain against LPS-induced oxidative stress by promoting membrane lipid remodeling and increasing the expression of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 3 80 theme peroxidase 617:626 arg1 activities 556:565 the activities 552:565 the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase 552:626 Oxidative parameters were also evaluated, including the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity and the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 1 81 theme enzymes 296:302 arg1 composition 246:256 membrane lipid composition 231:256 membrane lipid composition 231:256 Our study aimed to analyze the effect of ouabain administration on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in oxidative parameters, membrane lipid composition, and the activities of some important enzymes of the nervous system. 28857301 1 81 theme enzymes 296:302 arg1 changes 198:204 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes 165:204 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in oxidative parameters 165:228 Our study aimed to analyze the effect of ouabain administration on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in oxidative parameters, membrane lipid composition, and the activities of some important enzymes of the nervous system. 28857301 1 81 theme enzymes 296:302 arg1 activities 267:276 the activities 263:276 the activities of some important enzymes of the nervous system 263:324 Our study aimed to analyze the effect of ouabain administration on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in oxidative parameters, membrane lipid composition, and the activities of some important enzymes of the nervous system. 28857301 9 82 theme oxidative 1593:1601 arg1 parameters 1603:1612 oxidative parameters 1593:1612 oxidative parameters 1593:1612 The relevance of our results extends beyond LPS-induced changes in oxidative parameters, as nanomolar doses of ouabain might prove useful in neurodegenerative models. 28857301 7 83 theme oxidative 1248:1256 arg1 stress 1258:1263 LPS-induced oxidative stress 1236:1263 LPS-induced oxidative stress 1236:1263 Our data suggest a neuroprotective effect of ouabain against LPS-induced oxidative stress by promoting membrane lipid remodeling and increasing the expression of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 2 84 theme saline 492:497 arg1 injection 438:446 intraperitoneal injection 422:446 intraperitoneal injection of ouabain (1.8 μg/kg), LPS (200 μg/kg), or saline 422:497 The content of phospholipids, cholesterol, and gangliosides were analyzed in Wistar rats after intraperitoneal injection of ouabain (1.8 μg/kg), LPS (200 μg/kg), or saline. 28857301 10 85 theme oxidative 1867:1875 arg1 stress 1897:1902 the oxidative and/or general cell stress 1863:1902 the oxidative and/or general cell stress triggered by neuronal pathologies 1863:1936 Further study of other cardenolides and related molecules, as well as the development of new molecules derived from ouabain, could also prove useful in the fight against the oxidative and/or general cell stress triggered by neuronal pathologies. 28857301 8 86 theme oxidative 1406:1414 arg1 stress 1416:1421 the observed oxidative stress 1393:1421 the observed oxidative stress 1393:1421 Our results emphasize that the observed oxidative stress is not correlated with Na,K-ATPase, but with a possible ouabain-mediated effect on cellular signaling. 28857301 10 87 from useful 1835:1840 arg1 the 1845:1847 the 1845:1847 the 1845:1847 Further study of other cardenolides and related molecules, as well as the development of new molecules derived from ouabain, could also prove useful in the fight against the oxidative and/or general cell stress triggered by neuronal pathologies. 28857301 9 88 theme nanomolar 1618:1626 arg1 doses 1628:1632 nanomolar doses 1618:1632 nanomolar doses of ouabain 1618:1643 The relevance of our results extends beyond LPS-induced changes in oxidative parameters, as nanomolar doses of ouabain might prove useful in neurodegenerative models. 28857301 6 89 theme total 1085:1089 arg1 content 1103:1109 the total ganglioside content 1081:1109 the total ganglioside content 1081:1109 Administration of ouabain plus LPS enhanced the total ganglioside content and EAAT4 levels, but failed to alter the Na,K-ATPase activity. 28857301 3 90 theme peroxidation 665:676 arg1 level 719:723 the level 715:723 the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4 715:754 Oxidative parameters were also evaluated, including the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity and the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 3 90 theme peroxidation 665:676 arg1 levels 633:638 the levels 629:638 the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation 629:676 Oxidative parameters were also evaluated, including the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity and the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 3 90 theme peroxidation 665:676 arg1 activity 702:709 K-ATPase activity 693:709 K-ATPase activity 693:709 Oxidative parameters were also evaluated, including the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity and the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 3 90 theme peroxidation 665:676 arg1 Na 690:691 Na 690:691 Na 690:691 Oxidative parameters were also evaluated, including the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity and the level of glutamate transporter EAAT4. 28857301 2 91 theme phospholipids 342:354 arg1 content 331:337 The content 327:337 The content of phospholipids, cholesterol, and gangliosides 327:385 The content of phospholipids, cholesterol, and gangliosides were analyzed in Wistar rats after intraperitoneal injection of ouabain (1.8 μg/kg), LPS (200 μg/kg), or saline. 28857301 1 92 theme membrane 231:238 arg1 composition 246:256 membrane lipid composition 231:256 membrane lipid composition 231:256 Our study aimed to analyze the effect of ouabain administration on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in oxidative parameters, membrane lipid composition, and the activities of some important enzymes of the nervous system. 28680065 4 0 theme rRNA 754:757 arg1 gene 759:762 the 16S rRNA gene 746:762 the 16S rRNA gene 746:762 The composition of gut microbiota was assessed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. 28680065 1 1 theme Current 134:140 arg1 efforts 142:148 Current efforts 134:148 Current efforts 134:148 Current efforts are directed to reducing the gut dysbiosis and inflammation produced by obesity. 28680065 7 2 theme adipose 1094:1100 arg1 tissue 1102:1107 adipose tissue 1094:1107 adipose tissue 1094:1107 These changes were accompanied by reduced hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in adipose tissue and brain, and improved cognitive function, associated with an increase in B. fragilis. 28680065 3 3 theme drinking 590:597 arg1 HFS 606:608 HFS 606:608 HFS 606:608 With this aim, rats were fed a high fat diet with 5% sucrose in the drinking water (HFS) for 7 months and then were fed for 1 month with HFS + 5% nopal (HFS + N). 28680065 3 3 theme drinking 590:597 arg1 water 599:603 the drinking water 586:603 the drinking water (HFS) 586:609 With this aim, rats were fed a high fat diet with 5% sucrose in the drinking water (HFS) for 7 months and then were fed for 1 month with HFS + 5% nopal (HFS + N). 28680065 8 4 theme biochemical 1372:1382 arg1 use 1221:1223 the use 1217:1223 the use of nopal 1217:1232 This study supports the use of nopal as a functional food and prebiotic for its ability to modify gut microbiota and to reduce metabolic endotoxemia and other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities. 28680065 8 4 theme biochemical 1372:1382 arg1 abnormalities 1384:1396 other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities 1350:1396 other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities 1350:1396 This study supports the use of nopal as a functional food and prebiotic for its ability to modify gut microbiota and to reduce metabolic endotoxemia and other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities. 28680065 6 5 theme glucose 947:953 arg1 intolerance 955:965 glucose intolerance 947:965 glucose intolerance 947:965 This was associated with a decrease in metabolic endotoxemia, glucose insulinotropic peptide, glucose intolerance, lipogenesis, and metabolic inflexibility. 28680065 5 6 from occludin-1 820:829 arg1 group 846:850 the HFS + N group 834:850 the HFS + N group 834:850 Nopal modified gut microbiota and increased intestinal occludin-1 in the HFS + N group. 28680065 8 7 theme gut 1295:1297 arg1 microbiota 1299:1308 gut microbiota 1295:1308 gut microbiota 1295:1308 This study supports the use of nopal as a functional food and prebiotic for its ability to modify gut microbiota and to reduce metabolic endotoxemia and other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities. 28680065 7 8 theme oxidative 1074:1082 arg1 stress 1084:1089 oxidative stress 1074:1089 oxidative stress 1074:1089 These changes were accompanied by reduced hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in adipose tissue and brain, and improved cognitive function, associated with an increase in B. fragilis. 28680065 8 9 theme obesity-related 1356:1370 arg1 use 1221:1223 the use 1217:1223 the use of nopal 1217:1232 This study supports the use of nopal as a functional food and prebiotic for its ability to modify gut microbiota and to reduce metabolic endotoxemia and other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities. 28680065 8 9 theme obesity-related 1356:1370 arg1 abnormalities 1384:1396 other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities 1350:1396 other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities 1350:1396 This study supports the use of nopal as a functional food and prebiotic for its ability to modify gut microbiota and to reduce metabolic endotoxemia and other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities. 28680065 6 10 from decrease 880:887 arg1 endotoxemia 902:912 metabolic endotoxemia 892:912 metabolic endotoxemia 892:912 This was associated with a decrease in metabolic endotoxemia, glucose insulinotropic peptide, glucose intolerance, lipogenesis, and metabolic inflexibility. 28680065 6 10 from decrease 880:887 arg1 lipogenesis 968:978 lipogenesis 968:978 lipogenesis 968:978 This was associated with a decrease in metabolic endotoxemia, glucose insulinotropic peptide, glucose intolerance, lipogenesis, and metabolic inflexibility. 28680065 6 10 from decrease 880:887 arg1 peptide 938:944 glucose insulinotropic peptide 915:944 glucose insulinotropic peptide 915:944 This was associated with a decrease in metabolic endotoxemia, glucose insulinotropic peptide, glucose intolerance, lipogenesis, and metabolic inflexibility. 28680065 6 10 from decrease 880:887 arg1 intolerance 955:965 glucose intolerance 947:965 glucose intolerance 947:965 This was associated with a decrease in metabolic endotoxemia, glucose insulinotropic peptide, glucose intolerance, lipogenesis, and metabolic inflexibility. 28680065 6 10 from decrease 880:887 arg1 inflexibility 995:1007 metabolic inflexibility 985:1007 metabolic inflexibility 985:1007 This was associated with a decrease in metabolic endotoxemia, glucose insulinotropic peptide, glucose intolerance, lipogenesis, and metabolic inflexibility. 28680065 0 11 theme gut 78:80 arg1 microbiota 82:91 gut microbiota 78:91 gut microbiota 78:91 Nopal (Opuntia ficus indica) protects from metabolic endotoxemia by modifying gut microbiota in obese rats fed high fat/sucrose diet. 28680065 2 12 from rich 313:316 arg1 fibre 329:333 fibre 329:333 fibre 329:333 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether consuming nopal, a vegetable rich in dietary fibre, vitamin C, and polyphenols can reduce the metabolic consequences of obesity by modifying the gut microbiota and preventing metabolic endotoxemia in rats fed a high fat and sucrose diet. 28680065 0 13 theme obese 96:100 arg1 rats 102:105 obese rats 96:105 obese rats fed high fat/sucrose diet 96:131 Nopal (Opuntia ficus indica) protects from metabolic endotoxemia by modifying gut microbiota in obese rats fed high fat/sucrose diet. 28680065 2 14 theme study 251:255 arg1 purpose 235:241 The purpose 231:241 The purpose of this study 231:255 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether consuming nopal, a vegetable rich in dietary fibre, vitamin C, and polyphenols can reduce the metabolic consequences of obesity by modifying the gut microbiota and preventing metabolic endotoxemia in rats fed a high fat and sucrose diet. 28680065 5 15 theme HFS + N 838:844 arg1 group 846:850 the HFS + N group 834:850 the HFS + N group 834:850 Nopal modified gut microbiota and increased intestinal occludin-1 in the HFS + N group. 28680065 2 16 theme obesity 404:410 arg1 consequences 388:399 the metabolic consequences 374:399 the metabolic consequences of obesity 374:410 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether consuming nopal, a vegetable rich in dietary fibre, vitamin C, and polyphenols can reduce the metabolic consequences of obesity by modifying the gut microbiota and preventing metabolic endotoxemia in rats fed a high fat and sucrose diet. 28680065 4 17 theme microbiota 708:717 arg1 composition 689:699 The composition 685:699 The composition of gut microbiota 685:717 The composition of gut microbiota was assessed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. 28680065 8 18 theme nopal 1228:1232 arg1 use 1221:1223 the use 1217:1223 the use of nopal 1217:1232 This study supports the use of nopal as a functional food and prebiotic for its ability to modify gut microbiota and to reduce metabolic endotoxemia and other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities. 28680065 8 18 theme nopal 1228:1232 arg1 food 1250:1253 a functional food 1237:1253 a functional food 1237:1253 This study supports the use of nopal as a functional food and prebiotic for its ability to modify gut microbiota and to reduce metabolic endotoxemia and other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities. 28680065 8 18 theme nopal 1228:1232 arg1 abnormalities 1384:1396 other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities 1350:1396 other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities 1350:1396 This study supports the use of nopal as a functional food and prebiotic for its ability to modify gut microbiota and to reduce metabolic endotoxemia and other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities. 28680065 6 19 theme insulinotropic 923:936 arg1 peptide 938:944 glucose insulinotropic peptide 915:944 glucose insulinotropic peptide 915:944 This was associated with a decrease in metabolic endotoxemia, glucose insulinotropic peptide, glucose intolerance, lipogenesis, and metabolic inflexibility. 28680065 2 20 theme high 495:498 arg1 fat 500:502 a high fat and sucrose diet 493:519 fat 500:502 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether consuming nopal, a vegetable rich in dietary fibre, vitamin C, and polyphenols can reduce the metabolic consequences of obesity by modifying the gut microbiota and preventing metabolic endotoxemia in rats fed a high fat and sucrose diet. 28680065 4 21 theme gut 704:706 arg1 microbiota 708:717 gut microbiota 704:717 gut microbiota 704:717 The composition of gut microbiota was assessed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. 28680065 2 22 theme consuming 284:292 arg1 nopal 294:298 consuming nopal 284:298 consuming nopal 284:298 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether consuming nopal, a vegetable rich in dietary fibre, vitamin C, and polyphenols can reduce the metabolic consequences of obesity by modifying the gut microbiota and preventing metabolic endotoxemia in rats fed a high fat and sucrose diet. 28680065 2 23 theme vitamin 336:342 arg1 C 344:344 vitamin C 336:344 vitamin C 336:344 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether consuming nopal, a vegetable rich in dietary fibre, vitamin C, and polyphenols can reduce the metabolic consequences of obesity by modifying the gut microbiota and preventing metabolic endotoxemia in rats fed a high fat and sucrose diet. 28680065 0 24 theme ficus 15:19 arg1 Nopal 0:4 Nopal 0:4 Nopal (Opuntia ficus indica) 0:27 Nopal (Opuntia ficus indica) protects from metabolic endotoxemia by modifying gut microbiota in obese rats fed high fat/sucrose diet. 28680065 0 24 theme ficus 15:19 arg1 indica 21:26 Opuntia ficus indica 7:26 Opuntia ficus indica 7:26 Nopal (Opuntia ficus indica) protects from metabolic endotoxemia by modifying gut microbiota in obese rats fed high fat/sucrose diet. 28680065 2 25 from fibre 329:333 arg1 rich 313:316 rich 313:316 rich 313:316 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether consuming nopal, a vegetable rich in dietary fibre, vitamin C, and polyphenols can reduce the metabolic consequences of obesity by modifying the gut microbiota and preventing metabolic endotoxemia in rats fed a high fat and sucrose diet. 28680065 3 26 with diet 562:565 arg1 sucrose 575:581 5% sucrose 572:581 5% sucrose 572:581 With this aim, rats were fed a high fat diet with 5% sucrose in the drinking water (HFS) for 7 months and then were fed for 1 month with HFS + 5% nopal (HFS + N). 28680065 2 27 theme metabolic 378:386 arg1 consequences 388:399 the metabolic consequences 374:399 the metabolic consequences of obesity 374:410 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether consuming nopal, a vegetable rich in dietary fibre, vitamin C, and polyphenols can reduce the metabolic consequences of obesity by modifying the gut microbiota and preventing metabolic endotoxemia in rats fed a high fat and sucrose diet. 28680065 7 28 from steatosis 1060:1068 arg1 brain 1113:1117 brain 1113:1117 brain 1113:1117 These changes were accompanied by reduced hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in adipose tissue and brain, and improved cognitive function, associated with an increase in B. fragilis. 28680065 7 28 from steatosis 1060:1068 arg1 tissue 1102:1107 adipose tissue 1094:1107 adipose tissue 1094:1107 These changes were accompanied by reduced hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in adipose tissue and brain, and improved cognitive function, associated with an increase in B. fragilis. 28680065 5 29 theme intestinal 809:818 arg1 occludin-1 820:829 intestinal occludin-1 809:829 intestinal occludin-1 in the HFS + N group 809:850 Nopal modified gut microbiota and increased intestinal occludin-1 in the HFS + N group. 28680065 1 30 theme gut 179:181 arg1 dysbiosis 183:191 the gut dysbiosis and inflammation 175:208 dysbiosis 183:191 Current efforts are directed to reducing the gut dysbiosis and inflammation produced by obesity. 28680065 2 31 theme gut 429:431 arg1 microbiota 433:442 the gut microbiota 425:442 the gut microbiota 425:442 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether consuming nopal, a vegetable rich in dietary fibre, vitamin C, and polyphenols can reduce the metabolic consequences of obesity by modifying the gut microbiota and preventing metabolic endotoxemia in rats fed a high fat and sucrose diet. 28680065 8 32 dep ability 1277:1283 arg1 reduce 1317:1322 reduce 1317:1322 to reduce metabolic endotoxemia 1314:1344 This study supports the use of nopal as a functional food and prebiotic for its ability to modify gut microbiota and to reduce metabolic endotoxemia and other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities. 28680065 8 32 dep ability 1277:1283 arg1 modify 1288:1293 modify 1288:1293 to modify gut microbiota 1285:1308 This study supports the use of nopal as a functional food and prebiotic for its ability to modify gut microbiota and to reduce metabolic endotoxemia and other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities. 28680065 0 33 theme fat/sucrose 116:126 arg1 diet 128:131 high fat/sucrose diet 111:131 high fat/sucrose diet 111:131 Nopal (Opuntia ficus indica) protects from metabolic endotoxemia by modifying gut microbiota in obese rats fed high fat/sucrose diet. 28680065 3 34 theme 5 572:572 arg1 % 573:573 % 573:573 % 573:573 With this aim, rats were fed a high fat diet with 5% sucrose in the drinking water (HFS) for 7 months and then were fed for 1 month with HFS + 5% nopal (HFS + N). 28680065 6 35 theme glucose 915:921 arg1 peptide 938:944 glucose insulinotropic peptide 915:944 glucose insulinotropic peptide 915:944 This was associated with a decrease in metabolic endotoxemia, glucose insulinotropic peptide, glucose intolerance, lipogenesis, and metabolic inflexibility. 28680065 6 36 theme metabolic 892:900 arg1 endotoxemia 902:912 metabolic endotoxemia 892:912 metabolic endotoxemia 892:912 This was associated with a decrease in metabolic endotoxemia, glucose insulinotropic peptide, glucose intolerance, lipogenesis, and metabolic inflexibility. 28680065 0 37 theme high 111:114 arg1 diet 128:131 high fat/sucrose diet 111:131 high fat/sucrose diet 111:131 Nopal (Opuntia ficus indica) protects from metabolic endotoxemia by modifying gut microbiota in obese rats fed high fat/sucrose diet. 28680065 3 38 theme fat 558:560 arg1 diet 562:565 a high fat diet 551:565 a high fat diet with 5% sucrose 551:581 With this aim, rats were fed a high fat diet with 5% sucrose in the drinking water (HFS) for 7 months and then were fed for 1 month with HFS + 5% nopal (HFS + N). 28680065 8 39 theme functional 1239:1248 arg1 use 1221:1223 the use 1217:1223 the use of nopal 1217:1232 This study supports the use of nopal as a functional food and prebiotic for its ability to modify gut microbiota and to reduce metabolic endotoxemia and other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities. 28680065 8 39 theme functional 1239:1248 arg1 food 1250:1253 a functional food 1237:1253 a functional food 1237:1253 This study supports the use of nopal as a functional food and prebiotic for its ability to modify gut microbiota and to reduce metabolic endotoxemia and other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities. 28680065 4 40 theme 16S 750:752 arg1 gene 759:762 the 16S rRNA gene 746:762 the 16S rRNA gene 746:762 The composition of gut microbiota was assessed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. 28680065 7 41 from stress 1084:1089 arg1 brain 1113:1117 brain 1113:1117 brain 1113:1117 These changes were accompanied by reduced hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in adipose tissue and brain, and improved cognitive function, associated with an increase in B. fragilis. 28680065 7 41 from stress 1084:1089 arg1 tissue 1102:1107 adipose tissue 1094:1107 adipose tissue 1094:1107 These changes were accompanied by reduced hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in adipose tissue and brain, and improved cognitive function, associated with an increase in B. fragilis. 28680065 2 42 theme rich 313:316 arg1 vegetable 303:311 a vegetable 301:311 a vegetable rich in dietary fibre 301:333 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether consuming nopal, a vegetable rich in dietary fibre, vitamin C, and polyphenols can reduce the metabolic consequences of obesity by modifying the gut microbiota and preventing metabolic endotoxemia in rats fed a high fat and sucrose diet. 28680065 7 43 from increase 1172:1179 arg1 fragilis 1187:1194 B. fragilis 1184:1194 B. fragilis 1184:1194 These changes were accompanied by reduced hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in adipose tissue and brain, and improved cognitive function, associated with an increase in B. fragilis. 28680065 6 44 theme metabolic 985:993 arg1 inflexibility 995:1007 metabolic inflexibility 985:1007 metabolic inflexibility 985:1007 This was associated with a decrease in metabolic endotoxemia, glucose insulinotropic peptide, glucose intolerance, lipogenesis, and metabolic inflexibility. 28680065 2 45 from endotoxemia 469:479 arg1 rats 484:487 rats 484:487 rats fed a high fat and sucrose diet 484:519 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether consuming nopal, a vegetable rich in dietary fibre, vitamin C, and polyphenols can reduce the metabolic consequences of obesity by modifying the gut microbiota and preventing metabolic endotoxemia in rats fed a high fat and sucrose diet. 28680065 7 46 theme cognitive 1133:1141 arg1 function 1143:1150 cognitive function 1133:1150 cognitive function 1133:1150 These changes were accompanied by reduced hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in adipose tissue and brain, and improved cognitive function, associated with an increase in B. fragilis. 28680065 2 47 theme sucrose 508:514 arg1 diet 516:519 a high fat and sucrose diet 493:519 diet 516:519 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether consuming nopal, a vegetable rich in dietary fibre, vitamin C, and polyphenols can reduce the metabolic consequences of obesity by modifying the gut microbiota and preventing metabolic endotoxemia in rats fed a high fat and sucrose diet. 28680065 3 48 theme % 573:573 arg1 sucrose 575:581 5% sucrose 572:581 5% sucrose 572:581 With this aim, rats were fed a high fat diet with 5% sucrose in the drinking water (HFS) for 7 months and then were fed for 1 month with HFS + 5% nopal (HFS + N). 28680065 3 49 theme high 553:556 arg1 diet 562:565 a high fat diet 551:565 a high fat diet with 5% sucrose 551:581 With this aim, rats were fed a high fat diet with 5% sucrose in the drinking water (HFS) for 7 months and then were fed for 1 month with HFS + 5% nopal (HFS + N). 28680065 5 50 theme gut 780:782 arg1 microbiota 784:793 gut microbiota 780:793 gut microbiota 780:793 Nopal modified gut microbiota and increased intestinal occludin-1 in the HFS + N group. 28680065 2 51 theme metabolic 459:467 arg1 endotoxemia 469:479 metabolic endotoxemia 459:479 metabolic endotoxemia in rats fed a high fat and sucrose diet 459:519 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether consuming nopal, a vegetable rich in dietary fibre, vitamin C, and polyphenols can reduce the metabolic consequences of obesity by modifying the gut microbiota and preventing metabolic endotoxemia in rats fed a high fat and sucrose diet. 28680065 8 52 theme metabolic 1324:1332 arg1 endotoxemia 1334:1344 metabolic endotoxemia 1324:1344 metabolic endotoxemia 1324:1344 This study supports the use of nopal as a functional food and prebiotic for its ability to modify gut microbiota and to reduce metabolic endotoxemia and other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities. 28680065 3 53 theme HFS + 5 659:665 arg1 % 666:666 % 666:666 % 666:666 With this aim, rats were fed a high fat diet with 5% sucrose in the drinking water (HFS) for 7 months and then were fed for 1 month with HFS + 5% nopal (HFS + N). 28680065 0 54 theme metabolic 43:51 arg1 endotoxemia 53:63 metabolic endotoxemia 43:63 metabolic endotoxemia 43:63 Nopal (Opuntia ficus indica) protects from metabolic endotoxemia by modifying gut microbiota in obese rats fed high fat/sucrose diet. 28680065 8 55 theme other 1350:1354 arg1 use 1221:1223 the use 1217:1223 the use of nopal 1217:1232 This study supports the use of nopal as a functional food and prebiotic for its ability to modify gut microbiota and to reduce metabolic endotoxemia and other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities. 28680065 8 55 theme other 1350:1354 arg1 abnormalities 1384:1396 other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities 1350:1396 other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities 1350:1396 This study supports the use of nopal as a functional food and prebiotic for its ability to modify gut microbiota and to reduce metabolic endotoxemia and other obesity-related biochemical abnormalities. 28680065 0 56 theme Opuntia 7:13 arg1 Nopal 0:4 Nopal 0:4 Nopal (Opuntia ficus indica) 0:27 Nopal (Opuntia ficus indica) protects from metabolic endotoxemia by modifying gut microbiota in obese rats fed high fat/sucrose diet. 28680065 0 56 theme Opuntia 7:13 arg1 indica 21:26 Opuntia ficus indica 7:26 Opuntia ficus indica 7:26 Nopal (Opuntia ficus indica) protects from metabolic endotoxemia by modifying gut microbiota in obese rats fed high fat/sucrose diet. 28680065 7 57 theme reduced 1044:1050 arg1 steatosis 1060:1068 hepatic steatosis 1052:1068 hepatic steatosis 1052:1068 These changes were accompanied by reduced hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in adipose tissue and brain, and improved cognitive function, associated with an increase in B. fragilis. 28680065 7 58 theme hepatic 1052:1058 arg1 steatosis 1060:1068 hepatic steatosis 1052:1068 hepatic steatosis 1052:1068 These changes were accompanied by reduced hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in adipose tissue and brain, and improved cognitive function, associated with an increase in B. fragilis. 28680065 3 59 theme % 666:666 arg1 nopal 668:672 HFS + 5% nopal 659:672 HFS + 5% nopal (HFS + N) 659:682 With this aim, rats were fed a high fat diet with 5% sucrose in the drinking water (HFS) for 7 months and then were fed for 1 month with HFS + 5% nopal (HFS + N). 28680065 3 59 theme % 666:666 arg1 HFS + N 675:681 HFS + N 675:681 HFS + N 675:681 With this aim, rats were fed a high fat diet with 5% sucrose in the drinking water (HFS) for 7 months and then were fed for 1 month with HFS + 5% nopal (HFS + N). 25169799 12 0 dep incubation 1353:1362 arg1 6 days 1343:1348 6 days 1343:1348 6 days 1343:1348 After 6 days of incubation, strain DCY84(T) produced 52.96 ± 1.85 and 72.83 ± 2.86 µg/ml L-indole-3-acetic acid, using media without L-tryptophan and supplemented with L-tryptophan, respectively. 25169799 12 1 theme strain 1365:1370 arg1 DCY84 1372:1376 strain DCY84 1365:1376 strain DCY84(T) 1365:1379 After 6 days of incubation, strain DCY84(T) produced 52.96 ± 1.85 and 72.83 ± 2.86 µg/ml L-indole-3-acetic acid, using media without L-tryptophan and supplemented with L-tryptophan, respectively. 25169799 12 1 theme strain 1365:1370 arg1 T 1378:1378 T 1378:1378 T 1378:1378 After 6 days of incubation, strain DCY84(T) produced 52.96 ± 1.85 and 72.83 ± 2.86 µg/ml L-indole-3-acetic acid, using media without L-tryptophan and supplemented with L-tryptophan, respectively. 25169799 5 2 theme isoprenoid 704:713 arg1 menaquinone 670:680 MK-7 menaquinone 665:680 MK-7 menaquinone 665:680 MK-7 menaquinone was identified as the isoprenoid quinone. 25169799 5 2 theme isoprenoid 704:713 arg1 quinone 715:721 the isoprenoid quinone 700:721 the isoprenoid quinone 700:721 MK-7 menaquinone was identified as the isoprenoid quinone. 25169799 4 3 theme % 657:657 arg1 NaCl 659:662 0.5 % NaCl 653:662 0.5 % NaCl 653:662 Strain DCY84(T) was found to able to grow best in TSA at temperature 30 °C, at pH 8 and at 0.5 % NaCl. 25169799 14 4 dep characteristics 1656:1670 arg1 the 1628:1630 the 1628:1630 the 1628:1630 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain DCY84(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus yonginensis sp. 25169799 14 4 dep characteristics 1656:1670 arg1 basis 1632:1636 basis 1632:1636 basis 1632:1636 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain DCY84(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus yonginensis sp. 25169799 16 5 theme 33428 1917:1921 arg1 T 1938:1938 T 1938:1938 T 1938:1938 The type strain is DCY84(T) (=KCTC 33428(T) = JCM 19885(T)). 25169799 16 5 theme 33428 1917:1921 arg1 19885 1932:1936 =KCTC 33428(T) = JCM 19885 1911:1936 =KCTC 33428(T) = JCM 19885(T) 1911:1939 The type strain is DCY84(T) (=KCTC 33428(T) = JCM 19885(T)). 25169799 14 6 theme Paenibacillus 1834:1846 arg1 sp 1860:1861 the name Paenibacillus yonginensis sp 1825:1861 the name Paenibacillus yonginensis sp 1825:1861 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain DCY84(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus yonginensis sp. 25169799 1 7 theme plant 48:52 arg1 bacterium 71:79 a potential plant growth promoting bacterium 36:79 a potential plant growth promoting bacterium isolated from humus soil of Yongin forest 36:121 nov., a potential plant growth promoting bacterium isolated from humus soil of Yongin forest. 25169799 11 8 theme DNA 1289:1291 arg1 % 1334:1334 62.6 mol% 1326:1334 62.6 mol% 1326:1334 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 62.6 mol%. 25169799 11 8 theme DNA 1289:1291 arg1 content 1297:1303 The DNA G+C content 1285:1303 The DNA G+C content 1285:1303 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 62.6 mol%. 25169799 3 9 theme KACC 484:487 arg1 % 505:505 96.49 % 499:505 96.49 % 499:505 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 3 9 theme KACC 484:487 arg1 T 495:495 T 495:495 T 495:495 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 3 9 theme KACC 484:487 arg1 11491 489:493 Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491 459:493 Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) 459:506 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 7 10 theme amino 932:936 arg1 alanine 970:976 alanine 970:976 alanine 970:976 The peptidoglycan was found to contain the amino acids meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and D-glutamic acid. 25169799 7 10 theme amino 932:936 arg1 acid 993:996 D-glutamic acid 982:996 D-glutamic acid 982:996 The peptidoglycan was found to contain the amino acids meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and D-glutamic acid. 25169799 7 10 theme amino 932:936 arg1 acid 964:967 meso-diaminopimelic acid 944:967 meso-diaminopimelic acid 944:967 The peptidoglycan was found to contain the amino acids meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and D-glutamic acid. 25169799 7 10 theme amino 932:936 arg1 acids 938:942 the amino acids 928:942 the amino acids meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and D-glutamic acid 928:996 The peptidoglycan was found to contain the amino acids meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and D-glutamic acid. 25169799 1 11 theme growth 54:59 arg1 bacterium 71:79 a potential plant growth promoting bacterium 36:79 a potential plant growth promoting bacterium isolated from humus soil of Yongin forest 36:121 nov., a potential plant growth promoting bacterium isolated from humus soil of Yongin forest. 25169799 9 12 theme DCY84 1170:1174 arg1 sugars 1153:1158 The cell wall sugars 1139:1158 The cell wall sugars of strain DCY84(T) 1139:1177 The cell wall sugars of strain DCY84(T) were found to comprise of ribose, galactose and xylose. 25169799 8 13 theme chain 1068:1072 arg1 acids 1015:1019 The major fatty acids 999:1019 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) 999:1038 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 8 13 theme chain 1068:1072 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1074:1086 branched chain anteiso-C15:0 1059:1086 branched chain anteiso-C15:0 1059:1086 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 16 14 theme T 1923:1923 arg1 T 1938:1938 T 1938:1938 T 1938:1938 The type strain is DCY84(T) (=KCTC 33428(T) = JCM 19885(T)). 25169799 16 14 theme T 1923:1923 arg1 19885 1932:1936 =KCTC 33428(T) = JCM 19885 1911:1936 =KCTC 33428(T) = JCM 19885(T) 1911:1939 The type strain is DCY84(T) (=KCTC 33428(T) = JCM 19885(T)). 25169799 12 15 theme L-indole-3-acetic 1426:1442 arg1 acid 1444:1447 72.83 ± 2.86 µg/ml L-indole-3-acetic acid 1407:1447 72.83 ± 2.86 µg/ml L-indole-3-acetic acid 1407:1447 After 6 days of incubation, strain DCY84(T) produced 52.96 ± 1.85 and 72.83 ± 2.86 µg/ml L-indole-3-acetic acid, using media without L-tryptophan and supplemented with L-tryptophan, respectively. 25169799 6 16 theme unidentified 863:874 arg1 lipid 882:886 an unidentified polar lipid 860:886 an unidentified polar lipid 860:886 The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and an unidentified polar lipid. 25169799 6 16 theme unidentified 863:874 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 766:789 phosphatidylethanolamine 766:789 phosphatidylethanolamine 766:789 The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and an unidentified polar lipid. 25169799 1 17 theme promoting 61:69 arg1 bacterium 71:79 a potential plant growth promoting bacterium 36:79 a potential plant growth promoting bacterium isolated from humus soil of Yongin forest 36:121 nov., a potential plant growth promoting bacterium isolated from humus soil of Yongin forest. 25169799 12 18 theme 72.83 ± 2.86 µg/ml 1407:1424 arg1 acid 1444:1447 72.83 ± 2.86 µg/ml L-indole-3-acetic acid 1407:1447 72.83 ± 2.86 µg/ml L-indole-3-acetic acid 1407:1447 After 6 days of incubation, strain DCY84(T) produced 52.96 ± 1.85 and 72.83 ± 2.86 µg/ml L-indole-3-acetic acid, using media without L-tryptophan and supplemented with L-tryptophan, respectively. 25169799 3 19 theme highest 362:368 arg1 similarity 379:388 the highest sequence similarity 358:388 the highest sequence similarity 358:388 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 10 20 theme major 1239:1243 arg1 spermidine 1273:1282 spermidine 1273:1282 spermidine 1273:1282 The major polyamine was identified as spermidine. 25169799 10 20 theme major 1239:1243 arg1 polyamine 1245:1253 The major polyamine 1235:1253 The major polyamine 1235:1253 The major polyamine was identified as spermidine. 25169799 11 21 theme G+C 1293:1295 arg1 % 1334:1334 62.6 mol% 1326:1334 62.6 mol% 1326:1334 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 62.6 mol%. 25169799 11 21 theme G+C 1293:1295 arg1 content 1297:1303 The DNA G+C content 1285:1303 The DNA G+C content 1285:1303 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 62.6 mol%. 25169799 3 22 theme Strain 335:340 arg1 T 348:348 T 348:348 T 348:348 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 3 22 theme Strain 335:340 arg1 DCY84 342:346 Strain DCY84 335:346 Strain DCY84(T) 335:349 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 3 23 theme sequence 370:377 arg1 similarity 379:388 the highest sequence similarity 358:388 the highest sequence similarity 358:388 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 0 24 theme yonginensis 14:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Paenibacillus yonginensis sp 0:27 Paenibacillus yonginensis sp. 0:28 Paenibacillus yonginensis sp. 25169799 2 25 theme Strain 124:129 arg1 DCY84 131:135 Strain DCY84 124:135 Strain DCY84(T) 124:138 Strain DCY84(T), a Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from humus soil from Yongin forest in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. 25169799 2 25 theme Strain 124:129 arg1 bacterium 199:207 a Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium 141:207 a Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium 141:207 Strain DCY84(T), a Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from humus soil from Yongin forest in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. 25169799 2 25 theme Strain 124:129 arg1 T 137:137 T 137:137 T 137:137 Strain DCY84(T), a Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from humus soil from Yongin forest in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. 25169799 4 26 theme 0.5  653:656 arg1 % 657:657 % 657:657 % 657:657 Strain DCY84(T) was found to able to grow best in TSA at temperature 30 °C, at pH 8 and at 0.5 % NaCl. 25169799 2 27 theme humus 270:274 arg1 soil 276:279 humus soil 270:279 humus soil 270:279 Strain DCY84(T), a Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from humus soil from Yongin forest in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. 25169799 14 28 theme Paenibacillus 1800:1812 arg1 genus 1794:1798 the genus Paenibacillus 1790:1812 the genus Paenibacillus 1790:1812 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain DCY84(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus yonginensis sp. 25169799 14 29 theme genotypic 1673:1681 arg1 analysis 1683:1690 genotypic analysis 1673:1690 genotypic analysis 1673:1690 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain DCY84(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus yonginensis sp. 25169799 0 30 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 26:27 Paenibacillus yonginensis sp 0:27 Paenibacillus yonginensis sp. 0:28 Paenibacillus yonginensis sp. 25169799 9 31 theme cell 1143:1146 arg1 sugars 1153:1158 The cell wall sugars 1139:1158 The cell wall sugars of strain DCY84(T) 1139:1177 The cell wall sugars of strain DCY84(T) were found to comprise of ribose, galactose and xylose. 25169799 14 32 theme yonginensis 1848:1858 arg1 sp 1860:1861 the name Paenibacillus yonginensis sp 1825:1861 the name Paenibacillus yonginensis sp 1825:1861 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain DCY84(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus yonginensis sp. 25169799 11 33 theme 62.6 mol 1326:1333 arg1 % 1334:1334 62.6 mol% 1326:1334 62.6 mol% 1326:1334 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 62.6 mol%. 25169799 11 33 theme 62.6 mol 1326:1333 arg1 content 1297:1303 The DNA G+C content 1285:1303 The DNA G+C content 1285:1303 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 62.6 mol%. 25169799 8 34 theme branched 1059:1066 arg1 acids 1015:1019 The major fatty acids 999:1019 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) 999:1038 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 8 34 theme branched 1059:1066 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1074:1086 branched chain anteiso-C15:0 1059:1086 branched chain anteiso-C15:0 1059:1086 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 5 35 theme MK-7 665:668 arg1 menaquinone 670:680 MK-7 menaquinone 665:680 MK-7 menaquinone 665:680 MK-7 menaquinone was identified as the isoprenoid quinone. 25169799 5 35 theme MK-7 665:668 arg1 quinone 715:721 the isoprenoid quinone 700:721 the isoprenoid quinone 700:721 MK-7 menaquinone was identified as the isoprenoid quinone. 25169799 7 36 theme D-glutamic 982:991 arg1 acid 993:996 D-glutamic acid 982:996 D-glutamic acid 982:996 The peptidoglycan was found to contain the amino acids meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and D-glutamic acid. 25169799 7 36 theme D-glutamic 982:991 arg1 acids 938:942 the amino acids 928:942 the amino acids meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and D-glutamic acid 928:996 The peptidoglycan was found to contain the amino acids meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and D-glutamic acid. 25169799 8 37 theme branched 1109:1116 arg1 acids 1015:1019 The major fatty acids 999:1019 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) 999:1038 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 8 37 theme branched 1109:1116 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 1124:1136 branched chain anteiso-C17:0 1109:1136 branched chain anteiso-C17:0 1109:1136 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 14 38 theme name 1829:1832 arg1 sp 1860:1861 the name Paenibacillus yonginensis sp 1825:1861 the name Paenibacillus yonginensis sp 1825:1861 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain DCY84(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus yonginensis sp. 25169799 1 39 theme humus 95:99 arg1 soil 101:104 humus soil 95:104 humus soil of Yongin forest 95:121 nov., a potential plant growth promoting bacterium isolated from humus soil of Yongin forest. 25169799 3 40 theme Paenibacillus 395:407 arg1 T 433:433 T 433:433 T 433:433 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 3 40 theme Paenibacillus 395:407 arg1 15270 427:431 Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270 395:431 Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %) 395:444 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 3 40 theme Paenibacillus 395:407 arg1 % 443:443 96.86 % 437:443 96.86 % 437:443 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 16 41 dep DCY84 1901:1905 arg1 T 1938:1938 T 1938:1938 T 1938:1938 The type strain is DCY84(T) (=KCTC 33428(T) = JCM 19885(T)). 25169799 16 41 dep DCY84 1901:1905 arg1 19885 1932:1936 =KCTC 33428(T) = JCM 19885 1911:1936 =KCTC 33428(T) = JCM 19885(T) 1911:1939 The type strain is DCY84(T) (=KCTC 33428(T) = JCM 19885(T)). 25169799 16 42 theme  = JCM 1925:1930 arg1 T 1938:1938 T 1938:1938 T 1938:1938 The type strain is DCY84(T) (=KCTC 33428(T) = JCM 19885(T)). 25169799 16 42 theme  = JCM 1925:1930 arg1 19885 1932:1936 =KCTC 33428(T) = JCM 19885 1911:1936 =KCTC 33428(T) = JCM 19885(T) 1911:1939 The type strain is DCY84(T) (=KCTC 33428(T) = JCM 19885(T)). 25169799 2 43 theme peritrichous 229:240 arg1 flagella 242:249 peritrichous flagella 229:249 peritrichous flagella 229:249 Strain DCY84(T), a Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from humus soil from Yongin forest in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. 25169799 3 44 theme NBRC 536:539 arg1 T 548:548 T 548:548 T 548:548 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 3 44 theme NBRC 536:539 arg1 106274 541:546 Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274 512:546 Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %) 512:559 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 3 44 theme NBRC 536:539 arg1 % 558:558 95.77 % 552:558 95.77 % 552:558 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 3 45 theme timonensis 473:482 arg1 % 505:505 96.49 % 499:505 96.49 % 499:505 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 3 45 theme timonensis 473:482 arg1 T 495:495 T 495:495 T 495:495 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 3 45 theme timonensis 473:482 arg1 11491 489:493 Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491 459:493 Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) 459:506 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 3 46 theme barengoltzii 409:420 arg1 T 433:433 T 433:433 T 433:433 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 3 46 theme barengoltzii 409:420 arg1 15270 427:431 Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270 395:431 Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %) 395:444 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 3 46 theme barengoltzii 409:420 arg1 % 443:443 96.86 % 437:443 96.86 % 437:443 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 8 47 theme DCY84 1031:1035 arg1 acids 1015:1019 The major fatty acids 999:1019 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) 999:1038 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 8 47 theme DCY84 1031:1035 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 1124:1136 branched chain anteiso-C17:0 1109:1136 branched chain anteiso-C17:0 1109:1136 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 8 47 theme DCY84 1031:1035 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1074:1086 branched chain anteiso-C15:0 1059:1086 branched chain anteiso-C15:0 1059:1086 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 8 47 theme DCY84 1031:1035 arg1 C16:0 1099:1103 saturated C16:0 1089:1103 saturated C16:0 1089:1103 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 1 48 dep bacterium 71:79 arg1 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov., a potential plant growth promoting bacterium isolated from humus soil of Yongin forest. 25169799 8 49 theme saturated 1089:1097 arg1 acids 1015:1019 The major fatty acids 999:1019 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) 999:1038 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 8 49 theme saturated 1089:1097 arg1 C16:0 1099:1103 saturated C16:0 1089:1103 saturated C16:0 1089:1103 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 9 50 theme wall 1148:1151 arg1 sugars 1153:1158 The cell wall sugars 1139:1158 The cell wall sugars of strain DCY84(T) 1139:1177 The cell wall sugars of strain DCY84(T) were found to comprise of ribose, galactose and xylose. 25169799 8 51 theme strain 1024:1029 arg1 DCY84 1031:1035 strain DCY84 1024:1035 strain DCY84(T) 1024:1038 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 8 51 theme strain 1024:1029 arg1 T 1037:1037 T 1037:1037 T 1037:1037 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 9 52 theme strain 1163:1168 arg1 DCY84 1170:1174 strain DCY84 1163:1174 strain DCY84(T) 1163:1177 The cell wall sugars of strain DCY84(T) were found to comprise of ribose, galactose and xylose. 25169799 9 52 theme strain 1163:1168 arg1 T 1176:1176 T 1176:1176 T 1176:1176 The cell wall sugars of strain DCY84(T) were found to comprise of ribose, galactose and xylose. 25169799 3 53 theme Paenibacillus 512:524 arg1 T 548:548 T 548:548 T 548:548 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 3 53 theme Paenibacillus 512:524 arg1 106274 541:546 Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274 512:546 Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %) 512:559 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 3 53 theme Paenibacillus 512:524 arg1 % 558:558 95.77 % 552:558 95.77 % 552:558 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 7 54 dep acids 938:942 arg1 alanine 970:976 alanine 970:976 alanine 970:976 The peptidoglycan was found to contain the amino acids meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and D-glutamic acid. 25169799 7 54 dep acids 938:942 arg1 acid 993:996 D-glutamic acid 982:996 D-glutamic acid 982:996 The peptidoglycan was found to contain the amino acids meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and D-glutamic acid. 25169799 7 54 dep acids 938:942 arg1 acid 964:967 meso-diaminopimelic acid 944:967 meso-diaminopimelic acid 944:967 The peptidoglycan was found to contain the amino acids meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and D-glutamic acid. 25169799 7 54 dep acids 938:942 arg1 acids 938:942 the amino acids 928:942 the amino acids meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and D-glutamic acid 928:996 The peptidoglycan was found to contain the amino acids meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and D-glutamic acid. 25169799 8 55 theme fatty 1009:1013 arg1 acids 1015:1019 The major fatty acids 999:1019 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) 999:1038 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 8 55 theme fatty 1009:1013 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 1124:1136 branched chain anteiso-C17:0 1109:1136 branched chain anteiso-C17:0 1109:1136 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 8 55 theme fatty 1009:1013 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1074:1086 branched chain anteiso-C15:0 1059:1086 branched chain anteiso-C15:0 1059:1086 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 8 55 theme fatty 1009:1013 arg1 C16:0 1099:1103 saturated C16:0 1089:1103 saturated C16:0 1089:1103 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 7 56 theme meso-diaminopimelic 944:962 arg1 acid 964:967 meso-diaminopimelic acid 944:967 meso-diaminopimelic acid 944:967 The peptidoglycan was found to contain the amino acids meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and D-glutamic acid. 25169799 7 56 theme meso-diaminopimelic 944:962 arg1 acids 938:942 the amino acids 928:942 the amino acids meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and D-glutamic acid 928:996 The peptidoglycan was found to contain the amino acids meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and D-glutamic acid. 25169799 1 57 attach isolated 81:88 arg2 bacterium 71:79 a potential plant growth promoting bacterium 36:79 a potential plant growth promoting bacterium isolated from humus soil of Yongin forest 36:121 nov., a potential plant growth promoting bacterium isolated from humus soil of Yongin forest. 25169799 1 57 attach isolated 81:88 arg1 soil 101:104 humus soil 95:104 humus soil of Yongin forest 95:121 nov., a potential plant growth promoting bacterium isolated from humus soil of Yongin forest. 25169799 3 58 theme phoenicis 526:534 arg1 T 548:548 T 548:548 T 548:548 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 3 58 theme phoenicis 526:534 arg1 106274 541:546 Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274 512:546 Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %) 512:559 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 3 58 theme phoenicis 526:534 arg1 % 558:558 95.77 % 552:558 95.77 % 552:558 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 13 59 theme Strain 1533:1538 arg1 T 1546:1546 T 1546:1546 T 1546:1546 Strain DCY84(T) was also found to be able to solubilize phosphate and produce siderophores. 25169799 13 59 theme Strain 1533:1538 arg1 DCY84 1540:1544 Strain DCY84 1533:1544 Strain DCY84(T) 1533:1547 Strain DCY84(T) was also found to be able to solubilize phosphate and produce siderophores. 25169799 6 60 theme major 728:732 arg1 lipids 740:745 The major polar lipids 724:745 The major polar lipids 724:745 The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and an unidentified polar lipid. 25169799 6 60 theme major 728:732 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 766:789 phosphatidylethanolamine 766:789 phosphatidylethanolamine 766:789 The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and an unidentified polar lipid. 25169799 3 61 theme KACC 422:425 arg1 T 433:433 T 433:433 T 433:433 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 3 61 theme KACC 422:425 arg1 15270 427:431 Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270 395:431 Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %) 395:444 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 3 61 theme KACC 422:425 arg1 % 443:443 96.86 % 437:443 96.86 % 437:443 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 12 62 dep produced 1381:1388 arg1 supplemented 1487:1498 supplemented 1487:1498 supplemented 1487:1498 After 6 days of incubation, strain DCY84(T) produced 52.96 ± 1.85 and 72.83 ± 2.86 µg/ml L-indole-3-acetic acid, using media without L-tryptophan and supplemented with L-tryptophan, respectively. 25169799 12 62 dep produced 1381:1388 arg1 using 1450:1454 using 1450:1454 using media without L-tryptophan 1450:1481 After 6 days of incubation, strain DCY84(T) produced 52.96 ± 1.85 and 72.83 ± 2.86 µg/ml L-indole-3-acetic acid, using media without L-tryptophan and supplemented with L-tryptophan, respectively. 25169799 1 63 theme Yongin 109:114 arg1 forest 116:121 Yongin forest 109:121 Yongin forest 109:121 nov., a potential plant growth promoting bacterium isolated from humus soil of Yongin forest. 25169799 14 64 theme chemotaxonomic 1696:1709 arg1 characteristics 1711:1725 chemotaxonomic characteristics 1696:1725 chemotaxonomic characteristics 1696:1725 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain DCY84(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus yonginensis sp. 25169799 14 65 theme genus 1794:1798 arg1 species 1779:1785 a novel species 1771:1785 a novel species 1771:1785 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain DCY84(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus yonginensis sp. 25169799 14 66 theme strain 1728:1733 arg1 T 1741:1741 T 1741:1741 T 1741:1741 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain DCY84(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus yonginensis sp. 25169799 14 66 theme strain 1728:1733 arg1 DCY84 1735:1739 strain DCY84 1728:1739 strain DCY84(T) 1728:1742 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain DCY84(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus yonginensis sp. 25169799 6 67 theme unidentified 831:842 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 766:789 phosphatidylethanolamine 766:789 phosphatidylethanolamine 766:789 The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and an unidentified polar lipid. 25169799 6 67 theme unidentified 831:842 arg1 aminolipids 844:854 two unidentified aminolipids 827:854 two unidentified aminolipids 827:854 The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and an unidentified polar lipid. 25169799 1 68 theme forest 116:121 arg1 soil 101:104 humus soil 95:104 humus soil of Yongin forest 95:121 nov., a potential plant growth promoting bacterium isolated from humus soil of Yongin forest. 25169799 3 69 theme Paenibacillus 459:471 arg1 % 505:505 96.49 % 499:505 96.49 % 499:505 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 3 69 theme Paenibacillus 459:471 arg1 T 495:495 T 495:495 T 495:495 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 3 69 theme Paenibacillus 459:471 arg1 11491 489:493 Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491 459:493 Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) 459:506 Strain DCY84(T) shared the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus barengoltzii KACC 15270(T) (96.86 %), followed by Paenibacillus timonensis KACC 11491(T) (96.49 %) and Paenibacillus phoenicis NBRC 106274(T) (95.77 %). 25169799 16 70 theme type 1886:1889 arg1 strain 1891:1896 The type strain 1882:1896 The type strain 1882:1896 The type strain is DCY84(T) (=KCTC 33428(T) = JCM 19885(T)). 25169799 16 70 theme type 1886:1889 arg1 DCY84 1901:1905 DCY84 1901:1905 DCY84 1901:1905 The type strain is DCY84(T) (=KCTC 33428(T) = JCM 19885(T)). 25169799 8 71 theme major 1003:1007 arg1 acids 1015:1019 The major fatty acids 999:1019 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) 999:1038 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 8 71 theme major 1003:1007 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 1124:1136 branched chain anteiso-C17:0 1109:1136 branched chain anteiso-C17:0 1109:1136 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 8 71 theme major 1003:1007 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1074:1086 branched chain anteiso-C15:0 1059:1086 branched chain anteiso-C15:0 1059:1086 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 8 71 theme major 1003:1007 arg1 C16:0 1099:1103 saturated C16:0 1089:1103 saturated C16:0 1089:1103 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 14 72 theme phenotypic 1645:1654 arg1 characteristics 1656:1670 the phenotypic characteristics 1641:1670 the phenotypic characteristics 1641:1670 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain DCY84(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus yonginensis sp. 25169799 7 73 contain contain 920:926 arg2 acid 964:967 meso-diaminopimelic acid 944:967 meso-diaminopimelic acid 944:967 The peptidoglycan was found to contain the amino acids meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and D-glutamic acid. 25169799 7 73 contain contain 920:926 arg2 acid 993:996 D-glutamic acid 982:996 D-glutamic acid 982:996 The peptidoglycan was found to contain the amino acids meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and D-glutamic acid. 25169799 7 73 contain contain 920:926 arg2 acids 938:942 the amino acids 928:942 the amino acids meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and D-glutamic acid 928:996 The peptidoglycan was found to contain the amino acids meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and D-glutamic acid. 25169799 7 73 contain contain 920:926 arg2 alanine 970:976 alanine 970:976 alanine 970:976 The peptidoglycan was found to contain the amino acids meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and D-glutamic acid. 25169799 7 73 contain contain 920:926 arg1 peptidoglycan 893:905 The peptidoglycan 889:905 The peptidoglycan 889:905 The peptidoglycan was found to contain the amino acids meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and D-glutamic acid. 25169799 2 74 dep positive 154:161 arg1 spore-forming 185:197 spore-forming 185:197 spore-forming 185:197 Strain DCY84(T), a Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from humus soil from Yongin forest in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. 25169799 2 74 dep positive 154:161 arg1 aerobic 176:182 aerobic 176:182 aerobic 176:182 Strain DCY84(T), a Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from humus soil from Yongin forest in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. 25169799 2 74 dep positive 154:161 arg1 rod-shaped 164:173 rod-shaped 164:173 rod-shaped 164:173 Strain DCY84(T), a Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from humus soil from Yongin forest in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. 25169799 16 75 theme =KCTC 1911:1915 arg1 T 1938:1938 T 1938:1938 T 1938:1938 The type strain is DCY84(T) (=KCTC 33428(T) = JCM 19885(T)). 25169799 16 75 theme =KCTC 1911:1915 arg1 19885 1932:1936 =KCTC 33428(T) = JCM 19885 1911:1936 =KCTC 33428(T) = JCM 19885(T) 1911:1939 The type strain is DCY84(T) (=KCTC 33428(T) = JCM 19885(T)). 25169799 2 76 theme positive 154:161 arg1 motile 210:215 motile 210:215 motile by means of peritrichous flagella 210:249 Strain DCY84(T), a Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from humus soil from Yongin forest in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. 25169799 2 76 theme positive 154:161 arg1 bacterium 199:207 a Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium 141:207 a Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium 141:207 Strain DCY84(T), a Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from humus soil from Yongin forest in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. 25169799 2 76 theme positive 154:161 arg1 DCY84 131:135 Strain DCY84 124:135 Strain DCY84(T) 124:138 Strain DCY84(T), a Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from humus soil from Yongin forest in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. 25169799 6 77 theme polar 876:880 arg1 lipid 882:886 an unidentified polar lipid 860:886 an unidentified polar lipid 860:886 The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and an unidentified polar lipid. 25169799 6 77 theme polar 876:880 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 766:789 phosphatidylethanolamine 766:789 phosphatidylethanolamine 766:789 The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and an unidentified polar lipid. 25169799 14 78 theme novel 1773:1777 arg1 species 1779:1785 a novel species 1771:1785 a novel species 1771:1785 On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, genotypic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain DCY84(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus yonginensis sp. 25169799 2 79 attach isolated 256:263 arg2 T 137:137 T 137:137 T 137:137 Strain DCY84(T), a Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from humus soil from Yongin forest in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. 25169799 2 79 attach isolated 256:263 arg2 DCY84 131:135 Strain DCY84 124:135 Strain DCY84(T) 124:138 Strain DCY84(T), a Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from humus soil from Yongin forest in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. 25169799 2 79 attach isolated 256:263 arg1 forest 293:298 forest 293:298 forest 293:298 Strain DCY84(T), a Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from humus soil from Yongin forest in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. 25169799 2 79 attach isolated 256:263 arg2 bacterium 199:207 a Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium 141:207 a Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium 141:207 Strain DCY84(T), a Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from humus soil from Yongin forest in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. 25169799 2 79 attach isolated 256:263 arg1 soil 276:279 humus soil 270:279 humus soil 270:279 Strain DCY84(T), a Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from humus soil from Yongin forest in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. 25169799 1 80 theme potential 38:46 arg1 bacterium 71:79 a potential plant growth promoting bacterium 36:79 a potential plant growth promoting bacterium isolated from humus soil of Yongin forest 36:121 nov., a potential plant growth promoting bacterium isolated from humus soil of Yongin forest. 25169799 8 81 theme chain 1118:1122 arg1 acids 1015:1019 The major fatty acids 999:1019 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) 999:1038 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 8 81 theme chain 1118:1122 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 1124:1136 branched chain anteiso-C17:0 1109:1136 branched chain anteiso-C17:0 1109:1136 The major fatty acids of strain DCY84(T) were identified as branched chain anteiso-C15:0, saturated C16:0 and branched chain anteiso-C17:0. 25169799 6 82 theme polar 734:738 arg1 lipids 740:745 The major polar lipids 724:745 The major polar lipids 724:745 The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and an unidentified polar lipid. 25169799 6 82 theme polar 734:738 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 766:789 phosphatidylethanolamine 766:789 phosphatidylethanolamine 766:789 The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and an unidentified polar lipid. 25169799 4 83 theme Strain 562:567 arg1 DCY84 569:573 Strain DCY84 562:573 Strain DCY84(T) 562:576 Strain DCY84(T) was found to able to grow best in TSA at temperature 30 °C, at pH 8 and at 0.5 % NaCl. 25169799 4 83 theme Strain 562:567 arg1 T 575:575 T 575:575 T 575:575 Strain DCY84(T) was found to able to grow best in TSA at temperature 30 °C, at pH 8 and at 0.5 % NaCl. 25189155 4 0 theme disease-specific 599:614 arg1 glycoproteins 616:628 disease-specific glycoproteins 599:628 disease-specific glycoproteins 599:628 Therefore, development of glyco-biomarkers, which detect disease-specific glycoproteins and changes in glycoforms, is gaining much attention. 25189155 4 1 from changes 634:640 arg1 glycoforms 645:654 glycoforms 645:654 glycoforms 645:654 Therefore, development of glyco-biomarkers, which detect disease-specific glycoproteins and changes in glycoforms, is gaining much attention. 25189155 5 2 theme significant 784:794 arg1 biomarkers 809:818 clinically significant and reliable biomarkers 773:818 clinically significant and reliable biomarkers 773:818 The combined use of multiple technologies, not solely MS, is the key to the discovery of clinically significant and reliable biomarkers. 25189155 3 3 theme diseases 518:525 arg1 number 508:513 a number 506:513 a number of diseases and disorders 506:539 Specific alterations in the nature and composition of glycans attached to proteins are seen during the development and progression of a number of diseases and disorders. 25189155 6 4 theme reaction 897:904 arg1 combination 842:852 the combination 838:852 the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics 838:1074 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 3 5 theme Specific 372:379 arg1 alterations 381:391 Specific alterations 372:391 Specific alterations in the nature and composition of glycans attached to proteins 372:453 Specific alterations in the nature and composition of glycans attached to proteins are seen during the development and progression of a number of diseases and disorders. 25189155 6 6 theme lectin 913:918 arg1 microarray 920:929 lectin microarray 913:929 lectin microarray 913:929 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 6 theme lectin 913:918 arg1 reaction 897:904 quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction 857:904 quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 857:910 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 3 7 dep nature 400:405 arg1 the 396:398 the 396:398 the 396:398 Specific alterations in the nature and composition of glycans attached to proteins are seen during the development and progression of a number of diseases and disorders. 25189155 1 8 theme Recent 64:69 arg1 advancements 71:82 Recent advancements 64:82 Recent advancements in proteomics technology 64:107 Recent advancements in proteomics technology have stimulated the widespread research and development in the area of biomarker discovery using mass spectrometry (MS). 25189155 1 9 from advancements 71:82 arg1 technology 98:107 proteomics technology 87:107 proteomics technology 87:107 Recent advancements in proteomics technology have stimulated the widespread research and development in the area of biomarker discovery using mass spectrometry (MS). 25189155 4 10 from glycoproteins 616:628 arg1 glycoforms 645:654 glycoforms 645:654 glycoforms 645:654 Therefore, development of glyco-biomarkers, which detect disease-specific glycoproteins and changes in glycoforms, is gaining much attention. 25189155 2 11 theme various 354:360 arg1 diseases 362:369 various diseases 354:369 various diseases 354:369 The final goal of biomarker discovery and development is to establish clinically useful and reliable diagnostic methods for various diseases. 25189155 1 12 theme biomarker 180:188 arg1 discovery 190:198 biomarker discovery 180:198 biomarker discovery 180:198 Recent advancements in proteomics technology have stimulated the widespread research and development in the area of biomarker discovery using mass spectrometry (MS). 25189155 5 13 theme biomarkers 809:818 arg1 discovery 760:768 the discovery 756:768 the discovery of clinically significant and reliable biomarkers 756:818 The combined use of multiple technologies, not solely MS, is the key to the discovery of clinically significant and reliable biomarkers. 25189155 3 14 theme glycans 426:432 arg1 nature 400:405 nature 400:405 nature 400:405 Specific alterations in the nature and composition of glycans attached to proteins are seen during the development and progression of a number of diseases and disorders. 25189155 3 14 theme glycans 426:432 arg1 composition 411:421 composition 411:421 composition 411:421 Specific alterations in the nature and composition of glycans attached to proteins are seen during the development and progression of a number of diseases and disorders. 25189155 6 15 theme real-time 870:878 arg1 technique 978:986 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique 932:986 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS) 932:1054 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 15 theme real-time 870:878 arg1 microarray 920:929 lectin microarray 913:929 lectin microarray 913:929 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 15 theme real-time 870:878 arg1 bioinformatics 1061:1074 bioinformatics 1061:1074 bioinformatics 1061:1074 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 15 theme real-time 870:878 arg1 PCR 907:909 PCR 907:909 PCR 907:909 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 15 theme real-time 870:878 arg1 reaction 897:904 quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction 857:904 quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 857:910 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 1 16 theme proteomics 87:96 arg1 technology 98:107 proteomics technology 87:107 proteomics technology 87:107 Recent advancements in proteomics technology have stimulated the widespread research and development in the area of biomarker discovery using mass spectrometry (MS). 25189155 1 17 theme discovery 190:198 arg1 area 172:175 the area 168:175 the area of biomarker discovery 168:198 Recent advancements in proteomics technology have stimulated the widespread research and development in the area of biomarker discovery using mass spectrometry (MS). 25189155 1 18 from development 153:163 arg1 area 172:175 the area 168:175 the area of biomarker discovery 168:198 Recent advancements in proteomics technology have stimulated the widespread research and development in the area of biomarker discovery using mass spectrometry (MS). 25189155 2 19 theme reliable 322:329 arg1 methods 342:348 clinically useful and reliable diagnostic methods 300:348 clinically useful and reliable diagnostic methods for various diseases 300:369 The final goal of biomarker discovery and development is to establish clinically useful and reliable diagnostic methods for various diseases. 25189155 7 20 dep Efforts 1174:1180 arg1 develop 1185:1191 develop 1185:1191 to develop highly effective glyco-biomarkers for other diseases 1182:1244 Efforts to develop highly effective glyco-biomarkers for other diseases are also currently underway. 25189155 4 21 theme glyco-biomarkers 568:583 arg1 development 553:563 development 553:563 development 553:563 Therefore, development of glyco-biomarkers, which detect disease-specific glycoproteins and changes in glycoforms, is gaining much attention. 25189155 4 22 gly glycoproteins 616:628 arg1 glycoproteins 616:628 disease-specific glycoproteins 599:628 disease-specific glycoproteins 599:628 Therefore, development of glyco-biomarkers, which detect disease-specific glycoproteins and changes in glycoforms, is gaining much attention. 25189155 6 23 theme quantitative 857:868 arg1 technique 978:986 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique 932:986 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS) 932:1054 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 23 theme quantitative 857:868 arg1 microarray 920:929 lectin microarray 913:929 lectin microarray 913:929 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 23 theme quantitative 857:868 arg1 bioinformatics 1061:1074 bioinformatics 1061:1074 bioinformatics 1061:1074 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 23 theme quantitative 857:868 arg1 PCR 907:909 PCR 907:909 PCR 907:909 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 23 theme quantitative 857:868 arg1 reaction 897:904 quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction 857:904 quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 857:910 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 1 24 theme mass 206:209 arg1 MS 225:226 MS 225:226 MS 225:226 Recent advancements in proteomics technology have stimulated the widespread research and development in the area of biomarker discovery using mass spectrometry (MS). 25189155 1 24 theme mass 206:209 arg1 spectrometry 211:222 mass spectrometry 206:222 mass spectrometry (MS) 206:227 Recent advancements in proteomics technology have stimulated the widespread research and development in the area of biomarker discovery using mass spectrometry (MS). 25189155 7 25 theme other 1231:1235 arg1 diseases 1237:1244 other diseases 1231:1244 other diseases 1231:1244 Efforts to develop highly effective glyco-biomarkers for other diseases are also currently underway. 25189155 3 26 dep development 475:485 arg1 the 471:473 the 471:473 the 471:473 Specific alterations in the nature and composition of glycans attached to proteins are seen during the development and progression of a number of diseases and disorders. 25189155 1 27 from research 140:147 arg1 area 172:175 the area 168:175 the area of biomarker discovery 168:198 Recent advancements in proteomics technology have stimulated the widespread research and development in the area of biomarker discovery using mass spectrometry (MS). 25189155 2 28 theme useful 311:316 arg1 methods 342:348 clinically useful and reliable diagnostic methods 300:348 clinically useful and reliable diagnostic methods for various diseases 300:369 The final goal of biomarker discovery and development is to establish clinically useful and reliable diagnostic methods for various diseases. 25189155 6 29 theme diagnostic 1108:1117 arg1 kit 1119:1121 a novel diagnostic kit 1100:1121 a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis 1100:1171 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 30 theme glycosylation 1007:1019 arg1 IGOT-LC/MS 1044:1053 IGOT-LC/MS 1044:1053 IGOT-LC/MS 1044:1053 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 30 theme glycosylation 1007:1019 arg1 tagging 1035:1041 isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging 993:1041 isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS) 993:1054 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 3 31 attach attached 434:441 arg2 glycans 426:432 glycans 426:432 glycans attached to proteins 426:453 Specific alterations in the nature and composition of glycans attached to proteins are seen during the development and progression of a number of diseases and disorders. 25189155 3 31 attach attached 434:441 arg1 proteins 446:453 proteins 446:453 proteins 446:453 Specific alterations in the nature and composition of glycans attached to proteins are seen during the development and progression of a number of diseases and disorders. 25189155 6 32 theme site-specific 1021:1033 arg1 IGOT-LC/MS 1044:1053 IGOT-LC/MS 1044:1053 IGOT-LC/MS 1044:1053 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 32 theme site-specific 1021:1033 arg1 tagging 1035:1041 isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging 993:1041 isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS) 993:1054 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 33 theme novel 1102:1106 arg1 kit 1119:1121 a novel diagnostic kit 1100:1121 a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis 1100:1171 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 0 34 theme useful 39:44 arg1 glyco-biomarkers 46:61 clinically useful glyco-biomarkers 28:61 clinically useful glyco-biomarkers 28:61 Strategy for development of clinically useful glyco-biomarkers. 25189155 6 35 theme isotope-coded 993:1005 arg1 IGOT-LC/MS 1044:1053 IGOT-LC/MS 1044:1053 IGOT-LC/MS 1044:1053 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 35 theme isotope-coded 993:1005 arg1 tagging 1035:1041 isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging 993:1041 isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS) 993:1054 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 5 36 theme MS 738:739 arg1 key 749:751 key 749:751 key 749:751 The combined use of multiple technologies, not solely MS, is the key to the discovery of clinically significant and reliable biomarkers. 25189155 5 36 theme MS 738:739 arg1 use 697:699 The combined use 684:699 The combined use of multiple technologies, not solely MS, 684:740 The combined use of multiple technologies, not solely MS, is the key to the discovery of clinically significant and reliable biomarkers. 25189155 6 37 theme chain 891:895 arg1 technique 978:986 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique 932:986 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS) 932:1054 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 37 theme chain 891:895 arg1 microarray 920:929 lectin microarray 913:929 lectin microarray 913:929 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 37 theme chain 891:895 arg1 bioinformatics 1061:1074 bioinformatics 1061:1074 bioinformatics 1061:1074 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 37 theme chain 891:895 arg1 PCR 907:909 PCR 907:909 PCR 907:909 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 37 theme chain 891:895 arg1 reaction 897:904 quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction 857:904 quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 857:910 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 38 with bioinformatics 1061:1074 arg1 IGOT-LC/MS 1044:1053 IGOT-LC/MS 1044:1053 IGOT-LC/MS 1044:1053 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 38 with bioinformatics 1061:1074 arg1 tagging 1035:1041 isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging 993:1041 isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS) 993:1054 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 39 theme quantitative 1131:1142 arg1 evaluation 1144:1153 the quantitative evaluation 1127:1153 the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis 1127:1171 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 40 with microarray 920:929 arg1 IGOT-LC/MS 1044:1053 IGOT-LC/MS 1044:1053 IGOT-LC/MS 1044:1053 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 40 with microarray 920:929 arg1 tagging 1035:1041 isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging 993:1041 isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS) 993:1054 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 41 theme polymerase 880:889 arg1 technique 978:986 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique 932:986 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS) 932:1054 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 41 theme polymerase 880:889 arg1 microarray 920:929 lectin microarray 913:929 lectin microarray 913:929 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 41 theme polymerase 880:889 arg1 bioinformatics 1061:1074 bioinformatics 1061:1074 bioinformatics 1061:1074 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 41 theme polymerase 880:889 arg1 PCR 907:909 PCR 907:909 PCR 907:909 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 41 theme polymerase 880:889 arg1 reaction 897:904 quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction 857:904 quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 857:910 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 2 42 theme final 234:238 arg1 goal 240:243 The final goal 230:243 The final goal of biomarker discovery and development 230:282 The final goal of biomarker discovery and development is to establish clinically useful and reliable diagnostic methods for various diseases. 25189155 4 43 theme much 668:671 arg1 attention 673:681 much attention 668:681 much attention 668:681 Therefore, development of glyco-biomarkers, which detect disease-specific glycoproteins and changes in glycoforms, is gaining much attention. 25189155 5 44 theme reliable 800:807 arg1 biomarkers 809:818 clinically significant and reliable biomarkers 773:818 clinically significant and reliable biomarkers 773:818 The combined use of multiple technologies, not solely MS, is the key to the discovery of clinically significant and reliable biomarkers. 25189155 6 45 with technique 978:986 arg1 IGOT-LC/MS 1044:1053 IGOT-LC/MS 1044:1053 IGOT-LC/MS 1044:1053 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 45 with technique 978:986 arg1 tagging 1035:1041 isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging 993:1041 isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS) 993:1054 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 3 46 from alterations 381:391 arg1 nature 400:405 nature 400:405 nature 400:405 Specific alterations in the nature and composition of glycans attached to proteins are seen during the development and progression of a number of diseases and disorders. 25189155 3 46 from alterations 381:391 arg1 composition 411:421 composition 411:421 composition 411:421 Specific alterations in the nature and composition of glycans attached to proteins are seen during the development and progression of a number of diseases and disorders. 25189155 1 47 theme widespread 129:138 arg1 research 140:147 widespread research 129:147 widespread research 129:147 Recent advancements in proteomics technology have stimulated the widespread research and development in the area of biomarker discovery using mass spectrometry (MS). 25189155 0 48 theme glyco-biomarkers 46:61 arg1 development 13:23 development 13:23 development of clinically useful glyco-biomarkers 13:61 Strategy for development of clinically useful glyco-biomarkers. 25189155 6 49 theme spectrometry-based 959:976 arg1 technique 978:986 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique 932:986 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS) 932:1054 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 49 theme spectrometry-based 959:976 arg1 reaction 897:904 quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction 857:904 quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 857:910 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 5 50 theme multiple 704:711 arg1 technologies 713:724 multiple technologies 704:724 multiple technologies 704:724 The combined use of multiple technologies, not solely MS, is the key to the discovery of clinically significant and reliable biomarkers. 25189155 5 51 theme combined 688:695 arg1 key 749:751 key 749:751 key 749:751 The combined use of multiple technologies, not solely MS, is the key to the discovery of clinically significant and reliable biomarkers. 25189155 5 51 theme combined 688:695 arg1 use 697:699 The combined use 684:699 The combined use of multiple technologies, not solely MS, 684:740 The combined use of multiple technologies, not solely MS, is the key to the discovery of clinically significant and reliable biomarkers. 25189155 3 52 theme number 508:513 arg1 progression 491:501 progression 491:501 progression 491:501 Specific alterations in the nature and composition of glycans attached to proteins are seen during the development and progression of a number of diseases and disorders. 25189155 3 52 theme number 508:513 arg1 development 475:485 development 475:485 development 475:485 Specific alterations in the nature and composition of glycans attached to proteins are seen during the development and progression of a number of diseases and disorders. 25189155 6 53 theme chromatography/mass 939:957 arg1 technique 978:986 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique 932:986 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS) 932:1054 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 53 theme chromatography/mass 939:957 arg1 reaction 897:904 quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction 857:904 quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 857:910 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 5 54 theme technologies 713:724 arg1 key 749:751 key 749:751 key 749:751 The combined use of multiple technologies, not solely MS, is the key to the discovery of clinically significant and reliable biomarkers. 25189155 5 54 theme technologies 713:724 arg1 use 697:699 The combined use 684:699 The combined use of multiple technologies, not solely MS, 684:740 The combined use of multiple technologies, not solely MS, is the key to the discovery of clinically significant and reliable biomarkers. 25189155 7 55 theme effective 1200:1208 arg1 glyco-biomarkers 1210:1225 highly effective glyco-biomarkers 1193:1225 highly effective glyco-biomarkers for other diseases 1193:1244 Efforts to develop highly effective glyco-biomarkers for other diseases are also currently underway. 25189155 2 56 theme development 272:282 arg1 goal 240:243 The final goal 230:243 The final goal of biomarker discovery and development 230:282 The final goal of biomarker discovery and development is to establish clinically useful and reliable diagnostic methods for various diseases. 25189155 2 57 theme discovery 258:266 arg1 goal 240:243 The final goal 230:243 The final goal of biomarker discovery and development 230:282 The final goal of biomarker discovery and development is to establish clinically useful and reliable diagnostic methods for various diseases. 25189155 2 58 theme diagnostic 331:340 arg1 methods 342:348 clinically useful and reliable diagnostic methods 300:348 clinically useful and reliable diagnostic methods for various diseases 300:369 The final goal of biomarker discovery and development is to establish clinically useful and reliable diagnostic methods for various diseases. 25189155 6 59 theme liver 1158:1162 arg1 fibrosis 1164:1171 liver fibrosis 1158:1171 liver fibrosis 1158:1171 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 2 60 theme biomarker 248:256 arg1 discovery 258:266 biomarker discovery 248:266 biomarker discovery 248:266 The final goal of biomarker discovery and development is to establish clinically useful and reliable diagnostic methods for various diseases. 25189155 6 61 theme fibrosis 1164:1171 arg1 evaluation 1144:1153 the quantitative evaluation 1127:1153 the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis 1127:1171 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 62 theme liquid 932:937 arg1 technique 978:986 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique 932:986 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS) 932:1054 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 6 62 theme liquid 932:937 arg1 reaction 897:904 quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction 857:904 quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 857:910 We have employed the combination of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lectin microarray, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based technique with isotope-coded glycosylation site-specific tagging (IGOT-LC/MS), and bioinformatics to successfully develop a novel diagnostic kit for the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis. 25189155 3 63 theme disorders 531:539 arg1 number 508:513 a number 506:513 a number of diseases and disorders 506:539 Specific alterations in the nature and composition of glycans attached to proteins are seen during the development and progression of a number of diseases and disorders. 28527760 7 0 from 26.483±1.925 1580:1591 arg1 groups 1646:1651 the two probiotic cocktail groups 1619:1651 the two probiotic cocktail groups 1619:1651 The contents of short-chain fatty acids in ceca were increased to 26.483±1.925 and 25.609±2.782μmol/g in the two probiotic cocktail groups respectively compared to 15.791±0.833μmol/g (P<0.05) in control group. 28527760 7 1 theme fatty 1542:1546 arg1 acids 1548:1552 short-chain fatty acids 1530:1552 short-chain fatty acids 1530:1552 The contents of short-chain fatty acids in ceca were increased to 26.483±1.925 and 25.609±2.782μmol/g in the two probiotic cocktail groups respectively compared to 15.791±0.833μmol/g (P<0.05) in control group. 28527760 9 2 theme microbiome 1994:2003 arg1 structure 2005:2013 the entire microbiome structure 1983:2013 the entire microbiome structure 1983:2013 However, fructooligasaccharide administration showed certain effects on gut microbiota restoration (such as an increase of Akkermansia), although its effect on the entire microbiome structure is not so obvious. 28527760 6 3 theme Lactobacillus 1293:1305 arg1 strains 1307:1313 the Lactobacillus strains 1289:1313 the Lactobacillus strains with high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties 1289:1395 Meanwhile, the restoration of the cefixime-induced gut microbiota was significantly different between two Lactobacillus groups since the Lactobacillus strains with high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties performed considerably better than the Lactobacillus strains with high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract. 28527760 7 4 from 25.609±2.782μmol/g 1597:1614 arg1 groups 1646:1651 the two probiotic cocktail groups 1619:1651 the two probiotic cocktail groups 1619:1651 The contents of short-chain fatty acids in ceca were increased to 26.483±1.925 and 25.609±2.782μmol/g in the two probiotic cocktail groups respectively compared to 15.791±0.833μmol/g (P<0.05) in control group. 28527760 8 5 theme cocktails 1812:1820 arg1 administration 1776:1789 administration 1776:1789 administration of the Lactobacillus cocktails 1776:1820 Moreover, intestinal inflammation was alleviated by administration of the Lactobacillus cocktails. 28527760 1 6 used used 148:151 arg2 Probiotics 127:136 Probiotics 127:136 Probiotics 127:136 Probiotics have been used to rebuild the antibiotic-induced dysfunction in gut microbiota, but whether the different strains of probiotics result in similar or reverse effects remains unclear. 28527760 9 7 dep restoration 1910:1920 arg1 such 1923:1926 such 1923:1926 such 1923:1926 However, fructooligasaccharide administration showed certain effects on gut microbiota restoration (such as an increase of Akkermansia), although its effect on the entire microbiome structure is not so obvious. 28527760 6 8 theme Lactobacillus 1262:1274 arg1 groups 1276:1281 two Lactobacillus groups 1258:1281 two Lactobacillus groups 1258:1281 Meanwhile, the restoration of the cefixime-induced gut microbiota was significantly different between two Lactobacillus groups since the Lactobacillus strains with high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties performed considerably better than the Lactobacillus strains with high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract. 28527760 7 9 from contents 1518:1525 arg1 ceca 1557:1560 ceca 1557:1560 ceca 1557:1560 The contents of short-chain fatty acids in ceca were increased to 26.483±1.925 and 25.609±2.782μmol/g in the two probiotic cocktail groups respectively compared to 15.791±0.833μmol/g (P<0.05) in control group. 28527760 6 10 theme cell 1372:1375 arg1 properties 1386:1395 better cell adhesion properties 1365:1395 better cell adhesion properties 1365:1395 Meanwhile, the restoration of the cefixime-induced gut microbiota was significantly different between two Lactobacillus groups since the Lactobacillus strains with high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties performed considerably better than the Lactobacillus strains with high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract. 28527760 3 11 theme cefixime 571:578 arg1 use 564:566 the use 560:566 the use of cefixime 560:578 The results show that the use of cefixime caused a reduction in the diversities of the microbial community and led to significantly decreasing to one preponderant Firmicutes phylum, which was difficult to restore naturally in the short term. 28527760 7 12 theme control 1709:1715 arg1 group 1717:1721 control group 1709:1721 control group 1709:1721 The contents of short-chain fatty acids in ceca were increased to 26.483±1.925 and 25.609±2.782μmol/g in the two probiotic cocktail groups respectively compared to 15.791±0.833μmol/g (P<0.05) in control group. 28527760 6 13 theme fructooligosaccharide 1335:1355 arg1 use 1357:1359 fructooligosaccharide use 1335:1359 fructooligosaccharide use 1335:1359 Meanwhile, the restoration of the cefixime-induced gut microbiota was significantly different between two Lactobacillus groups since the Lactobacillus strains with high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties performed considerably better than the Lactobacillus strains with high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract. 28527760 5 14 theme SCFAs 1054:1058 arg1 production 1060:1069 the beneficial SCFAs production 1039:1069 the beneficial SCFAs production 1039:1069 The effects of Lactobacillus cocktails against the cefixime-induced gut microbiota change may mainly be due to the beneficial SCFAs production in vivo and also be related to the good cell adhesion properties performed in vitro. 28527760 6 15 with strains 1450:1456 arg1 rates 1477:1481 high survival rates 1463:1481 high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract 1463:1511 Meanwhile, the restoration of the cefixime-induced gut microbiota was significantly different between two Lactobacillus groups since the Lactobacillus strains with high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties performed considerably better than the Lactobacillus strains with high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract. 28527760 4 16 theme recovery 912:919 arg1 group 921:925 the natural recovery group 900:925 the natural recovery group 900:925 The gut microbiota compositions of the groups treated with the probiotic cocktails were much more diverse than those of the natural recovery group. 28527760 6 17 from rates 1477:1481 arg1 tract 1507:1511 the gastrointestinal tract 1486:1511 the gastrointestinal tract 1486:1511 Meanwhile, the restoration of the cefixime-induced gut microbiota was significantly different between two Lactobacillus groups since the Lactobacillus strains with high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties performed considerably better than the Lactobacillus strains with high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract. 28527760 3 18 theme community 635:643 arg1 diversities 606:616 the diversities 602:616 the diversities of the microbial community 602:643 The results show that the use of cefixime caused a reduction in the diversities of the microbial community and led to significantly decreasing to one preponderant Firmicutes phylum, which was difficult to restore naturally in the short term. 28527760 2 19 theme C57BL/6J 523:530 arg1 mice 532:535 C57BL/6J mice 523:535 C57BL/6J mice 523:535 In this study, the different recovery effects of two cocktails (each contains four strains) of Lactobacillus and fructooligosaccharide against cefixime-induced change of gut microbiota were evaluated in C57BL/6J mice. 28527760 6 20 theme gut 1207:1209 arg1 microbiota 1211:1220 the cefixime-induced gut microbiota 1186:1220 the cefixime-induced gut microbiota 1186:1220 Meanwhile, the restoration of the cefixime-induced gut microbiota was significantly different between two Lactobacillus groups since the Lactobacillus strains with high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties performed considerably better than the Lactobacillus strains with high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract. 28527760 7 21 dep increased 1567:1575 arg1 compared 1666:1673 compared 1666:1673 compared to 15.791±0.833μmol/g (P<0.05) in control group 1666:1721 The contents of short-chain fatty acids in ceca were increased to 26.483±1.925 and 25.609±2.782μmol/g in the two probiotic cocktail groups respectively compared to 15.791±0.833μmol/g (P<0.05) in control group. 28527760 5 22 theme adhesion 1116:1123 arg1 properties 1125:1134 the good cell adhesion properties 1102:1134 the good cell adhesion properties performed in vitro 1102:1153 The effects of Lactobacillus cocktails against the cefixime-induced gut microbiota change may mainly be due to the beneficial SCFAs production in vivo and also be related to the good cell adhesion properties performed in vitro. 28527760 1 23 from dysfunction 187:197 arg1 microbiota 206:215 gut microbiota 202:215 gut microbiota 202:215 Probiotics have been used to rebuild the antibiotic-induced dysfunction in gut microbiota, but whether the different strains of probiotics result in similar or reverse effects remains unclear. 28527760 9 24 theme certain 1876:1882 arg1 effects 1884:1890 certain effects 1876:1890 certain effects on gut microbiota restoration (such as an increase of Akkermansia) 1876:1957 However, fructooligasaccharide administration showed certain effects on gut microbiota restoration (such as an increase of Akkermansia), although its effect on the entire microbiome structure is not so obvious. 28527760 4 25 theme natural 904:910 arg1 group 921:925 the natural recovery group 900:925 the natural recovery group 900:925 The gut microbiota compositions of the groups treated with the probiotic cocktails were much more diverse than those of the natural recovery group. 28527760 1 26 theme antibiotic-induced 168:185 arg1 dysfunction 187:197 the antibiotic-induced dysfunction 164:197 the antibiotic-induced dysfunction in gut microbiota 164:215 Probiotics have been used to rebuild the antibiotic-induced dysfunction in gut microbiota, but whether the different strains of probiotics result in similar or reverse effects remains unclear. 28527760 7 27 theme cocktail 1637:1644 arg1 groups 1646:1651 the two probiotic cocktail groups 1619:1651 the two probiotic cocktail groups 1619:1651 The contents of short-chain fatty acids in ceca were increased to 26.483±1.925 and 25.609±2.782μmol/g in the two probiotic cocktail groups respectively compared to 15.791±0.833μmol/g (P<0.05) in control group. 28527760 5 28 theme cefixime-induced 979:994 arg1 change 1011:1016 the cefixime-induced gut microbiota change 975:1016 the cefixime-induced gut microbiota change 975:1016 The effects of Lactobacillus cocktails against the cefixime-induced gut microbiota change may mainly be due to the beneficial SCFAs production in vivo and also be related to the good cell adhesion properties performed in vitro. 28527760 9 29 theme microbiota 1899:1908 arg1 restoration 1910:1920 gut microbiota restoration 1895:1920 gut microbiota restoration (such as an increase of Akkermansia) 1895:1957 However, fructooligasaccharide administration showed certain effects on gut microbiota restoration (such as an increase of Akkermansia), although its effect on the entire microbiome structure is not so obvious. 28527760 2 30 dep cocktails 373:381 arg1 each 384:387 each 384:387 each 384:387 In this study, the different recovery effects of two cocktails (each contains four strains) of Lactobacillus and fructooligosaccharide against cefixime-induced change of gut microbiota were evaluated in C57BL/6J mice. 28527760 6 31 theme properties 1386:1395 arg1 levels 1325:1330 high levels 1320:1330 high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties 1320:1395 Meanwhile, the restoration of the cefixime-induced gut microbiota was significantly different between two Lactobacillus groups since the Lactobacillus strains with high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties performed considerably better than the Lactobacillus strains with high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract. 28527760 5 32 theme good 1106:1109 arg1 properties 1125:1134 the good cell adhesion properties 1102:1134 the good cell adhesion properties performed in vitro 1102:1153 The effects of Lactobacillus cocktails against the cefixime-induced gut microbiota change may mainly be due to the beneficial SCFAs production in vivo and also be related to the good cell adhesion properties performed in vitro. 28527760 5 33 theme microbiota 1000:1009 arg1 change 1011:1016 the cefixime-induced gut microbiota change 975:1016 the cefixime-induced gut microbiota change 975:1016 The effects of Lactobacillus cocktails against the cefixime-induced gut microbiota change may mainly be due to the beneficial SCFAs production in vivo and also be related to the good cell adhesion properties performed in vitro. 28527760 2 34 theme cefixime-induced 463:478 arg1 change 480:485 cefixime-induced change 463:485 cefixime-induced change of gut microbiota 463:503 In this study, the different recovery effects of two cocktails (each contains four strains) of Lactobacillus and fructooligosaccharide against cefixime-induced change of gut microbiota were evaluated in C57BL/6J mice. 28527760 6 35 theme gastrointestinal 1490:1505 arg1 tract 1507:1511 the gastrointestinal tract 1486:1511 the gastrointestinal tract 1486:1511 Meanwhile, the restoration of the cefixime-induced gut microbiota was significantly different between two Lactobacillus groups since the Lactobacillus strains with high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties performed considerably better than the Lactobacillus strains with high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract. 28527760 1 36 theme reverse 287:293 arg1 effects 295:301 similar or reverse effects 276:301 similar or reverse effects 276:301 Probiotics have been used to rebuild the antibiotic-induced dysfunction in gut microbiota, but whether the different strains of probiotics result in similar or reverse effects remains unclear. 28527760 5 37 theme Lactobacillus 943:955 arg1 cocktails 957:965 Lactobacillus cocktails 943:965 Lactobacillus cocktails 943:965 The effects of Lactobacillus cocktails against the cefixime-induced gut microbiota change may mainly be due to the beneficial SCFAs production in vivo and also be related to the good cell adhesion properties performed in vitro. 28527760 2 38 theme fructooligosaccharide 433:453 arg1 cocktails 373:381 two cocktails 369:381 two cocktails (each contains four strains) of Lactobacillus and fructooligosaccharide 369:453 In this study, the different recovery effects of two cocktails (each contains four strains) of Lactobacillus and fructooligosaccharide against cefixime-induced change of gut microbiota were evaluated in C57BL/6J mice. 28527760 2 39 theme Lactobacillus 415:427 arg1 cocktails 373:381 two cocktails 369:381 two cocktails (each contains four strains) of Lactobacillus and fructooligosaccharide 369:453 In this study, the different recovery effects of two cocktails (each contains four strains) of Lactobacillus and fructooligosaccharide against cefixime-induced change of gut microbiota were evaluated in C57BL/6J mice. 28527760 0 40 theme cefixime-induced 15:30 arg1 microbiota 36:45 cefixime-induced gut microbiota 15:45 cefixime-induced gut microbiota 15:45 Restoration of cefixime-induced gut microbiota changes by Lactobacillus cocktails and fructooligosaccharides in a mouse model. 28527760 2 41 theme microbiota 494:503 arg1 change 480:485 cefixime-induced change 463:485 cefixime-induced change of gut microbiota 463:503 In this study, the different recovery effects of two cocktails (each contains four strains) of Lactobacillus and fructooligosaccharide against cefixime-induced change of gut microbiota were evaluated in C57BL/6J mice. 28527760 6 42 theme survival 1468:1475 arg1 rates 1477:1481 high survival rates 1463:1481 high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract 1463:1511 Meanwhile, the restoration of the cefixime-induced gut microbiota was significantly different between two Lactobacillus groups since the Lactobacillus strains with high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties performed considerably better than the Lactobacillus strains with high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract. 28527760 0 43 theme microbiota 36:45 arg1 Restoration 0:10 Restoration 0:10 Restoration of cefixime-induced gut microbiota 0:45 Restoration of cefixime-induced gut microbiota changes by Lactobacillus cocktails and fructooligosaccharides in a mouse model. 28527760 9 44 theme Akkermansia 1946:1956 arg1 increase 1934:1941 an increase 1931:1941 an increase of Akkermansia 1931:1956 However, fructooligasaccharide administration showed certain effects on gut microbiota restoration (such as an increase of Akkermansia), although its effect on the entire microbiome structure is not so obvious. 28527760 6 45 theme Lactobacillus 1436:1448 arg1 strains 1450:1456 the Lactobacillus strains 1432:1456 the Lactobacillus strains with high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract 1432:1511 Meanwhile, the restoration of the cefixime-induced gut microbiota was significantly different between two Lactobacillus groups since the Lactobacillus strains with high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties performed considerably better than the Lactobacillus strains with high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract. 28527760 2 46 theme recovery 349:356 arg1 effects 358:364 the different recovery effects 335:364 the different recovery effects of two cocktails (each contains four strains) of Lactobacillus and fructooligosaccharide against cefixime-induced change of gut microbiota 335:503 In this study, the different recovery effects of two cocktails (each contains four strains) of Lactobacillus and fructooligosaccharide against cefixime-induced change of gut microbiota were evaluated in C57BL/6J mice. 28527760 5 47 theme beneficial 1043:1052 arg1 SCFAs 1054:1058 the beneficial SCFAs 1039:1058 the beneficial SCFAs production 1039:1069 The effects of Lactobacillus cocktails against the cefixime-induced gut microbiota change may mainly be due to the beneficial SCFAs production in vivo and also be related to the good cell adhesion properties performed in vitro. 28527760 2 48 dep each 384:387 arg1 contains 389:396 contains 389:396 contains four strains 389:409 In this study, the different recovery effects of two cocktails (each contains four strains) of Lactobacillus and fructooligosaccharide against cefixime-induced change of gut microbiota were evaluated in C57BL/6J mice. 28527760 1 49 theme different 234:242 arg1 strains 244:250 the different strains 230:250 the different strains of probiotics 230:264 Probiotics have been used to rebuild the antibiotic-induced dysfunction in gut microbiota, but whether the different strains of probiotics result in similar or reverse effects remains unclear. 28527760 2 50 theme cocktails 373:381 arg1 effects 358:364 the different recovery effects 335:364 the different recovery effects of two cocktails (each contains four strains) of Lactobacillus and fructooligosaccharide against cefixime-induced change of gut microbiota 335:503 In this study, the different recovery effects of two cocktails (each contains four strains) of Lactobacillus and fructooligosaccharide against cefixime-induced change of gut microbiota were evaluated in C57BL/6J mice. 28527760 8 51 theme intestinal 1734:1743 arg1 inflammation 1745:1756 intestinal inflammation 1734:1756 intestinal inflammation 1734:1756 Moreover, intestinal inflammation was alleviated by administration of the Lactobacillus cocktails. 28527760 6 52 theme high 1463:1466 arg1 rates 1477:1481 high survival rates 1463:1481 high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract 1463:1511 Meanwhile, the restoration of the cefixime-induced gut microbiota was significantly different between two Lactobacillus groups since the Lactobacillus strains with high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties performed considerably better than the Lactobacillus strains with high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract. 28527760 7 53 theme acids 1548:1552 arg1 contents 1518:1525 The contents 1514:1525 The contents of short-chain fatty acids in ceca 1514:1560 The contents of short-chain fatty acids in ceca were increased to 26.483±1.925 and 25.609±2.782μmol/g in the two probiotic cocktail groups respectively compared to 15.791±0.833μmol/g (P<0.05) in control group. 28527760 6 54 theme high 1320:1323 arg1 levels 1325:1330 high levels 1320:1330 high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties 1320:1395 Meanwhile, the restoration of the cefixime-induced gut microbiota was significantly different between two Lactobacillus groups since the Lactobacillus strains with high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties performed considerably better than the Lactobacillus strains with high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract. 28527760 7 55 theme short-chain 1530:1540 arg1 acids 1548:1552 short-chain fatty acids 1530:1552 short-chain fatty acids 1530:1552 The contents of short-chain fatty acids in ceca were increased to 26.483±1.925 and 25.609±2.782μmol/g in the two probiotic cocktail groups respectively compared to 15.791±0.833μmol/g (P<0.05) in control group. 28527760 9 56 theme entire 1987:1992 arg1 structure 2005:2013 the entire microbiome structure 1983:2013 the entire microbiome structure 1983:2013 However, fructooligasaccharide administration showed certain effects on gut microbiota restoration (such as an increase of Akkermansia), although its effect on the entire microbiome structure is not so obvious. 28527760 1 57 theme similar 276:282 arg1 effects 295:301 similar or reverse effects 276:301 similar or reverse effects 276:301 Probiotics have been used to rebuild the antibiotic-induced dysfunction in gut microbiota, but whether the different strains of probiotics result in similar or reverse effects remains unclear. 28527760 4 58 theme probiotic 843:851 arg1 cocktails 853:861 the probiotic cocktails 839:861 the probiotic cocktails 839:861 The gut microbiota compositions of the groups treated with the probiotic cocktails were much more diverse than those of the natural recovery group. 28527760 8 59 theme Lactobacillus 1798:1810 arg1 cocktails 1812:1820 the Lactobacillus cocktails 1794:1820 the Lactobacillus cocktails 1794:1820 Moreover, intestinal inflammation was alleviated by administration of the Lactobacillus cocktails. 28527760 1 60 theme gut 202:204 arg1 microbiota 206:215 gut microbiota 202:215 gut microbiota 202:215 Probiotics have been used to rebuild the antibiotic-induced dysfunction in gut microbiota, but whether the different strains of probiotics result in similar or reverse effects remains unclear. 28527760 9 61 from effect 1973:1978 arg1 structure 2005:2013 the entire microbiome structure 1983:2013 the entire microbiome structure 1983:2013 However, fructooligasaccharide administration showed certain effects on gut microbiota restoration (such as an increase of Akkermansia), although its effect on the entire microbiome structure is not so obvious. 28527760 3 62 theme short 768:772 arg1 term 774:777 the short term 764:777 the short term 764:777 The results show that the use of cefixime caused a reduction in the diversities of the microbial community and led to significantly decreasing to one preponderant Firmicutes phylum, which was difficult to restore naturally in the short term. 28527760 6 63 theme adhesion 1377:1384 arg1 properties 1386:1395 better cell adhesion properties 1365:1395 better cell adhesion properties 1365:1395 Meanwhile, the restoration of the cefixime-induced gut microbiota was significantly different between two Lactobacillus groups since the Lactobacillus strains with high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties performed considerably better than the Lactobacillus strains with high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract. 28527760 6 64 theme better 1365:1370 arg1 properties 1386:1395 better cell adhesion properties 1365:1395 better cell adhesion properties 1365:1395 Meanwhile, the restoration of the cefixime-induced gut microbiota was significantly different between two Lactobacillus groups since the Lactobacillus strains with high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties performed considerably better than the Lactobacillus strains with high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract. 28527760 6 65 theme use 1357:1359 arg1 levels 1325:1330 high levels 1320:1330 high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties 1320:1395 Meanwhile, the restoration of the cefixime-induced gut microbiota was significantly different between two Lactobacillus groups since the Lactobacillus strains with high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties performed considerably better than the Lactobacillus strains with high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract. 28527760 3 66 theme microbial 625:633 arg1 community 635:643 the microbial community 621:643 the microbial community 621:643 The results show that the use of cefixime caused a reduction in the diversities of the microbial community and led to significantly decreasing to one preponderant Firmicutes phylum, which was difficult to restore naturally in the short term. 28527760 9 67 theme fructooligasaccharide 1832:1852 arg1 administration 1854:1867 fructooligasaccharide administration 1832:1867 fructooligasaccharide administration 1832:1867 However, fructooligasaccharide administration showed certain effects on gut microbiota restoration (such as an increase of Akkermansia), although its effect on the entire microbiome structure is not so obvious. 28527760 6 68 theme microbiota 1211:1220 arg1 Meanwhile 1156:1164 Meanwhile 1156:1164 Meanwhile 1156:1164 Meanwhile, the restoration of the cefixime-induced gut microbiota was significantly different between two Lactobacillus groups since the Lactobacillus strains with high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties performed considerably better than the Lactobacillus strains with high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract. 28527760 6 68 theme microbiota 1211:1220 arg1 restoration 1171:1181 the restoration 1167:1181 the restoration of the cefixime-induced gut microbiota 1167:1220 Meanwhile, the restoration of the cefixime-induced gut microbiota was significantly different between two Lactobacillus groups since the Lactobacillus strains with high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties performed considerably better than the Lactobacillus strains with high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract. 28527760 1 69 dep remains 303:309 arg1 whether 222:228 whether 222:228 whether 222:228 Probiotics have been used to rebuild the antibiotic-induced dysfunction in gut microbiota, but whether the different strains of probiotics result in similar or reverse effects remains unclear. 28527760 6 70 theme cefixime-induced 1190:1205 arg1 microbiota 1211:1220 the cefixime-induced gut microbiota 1186:1220 the cefixime-induced gut microbiota 1186:1220 Meanwhile, the restoration of the cefixime-induced gut microbiota was significantly different between two Lactobacillus groups since the Lactobacillus strains with high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties performed considerably better than the Lactobacillus strains with high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract. 28527760 7 71 from 15.791±0.833μmol/g 1678:1695 arg1 group 1717:1721 control group 1709:1721 control group 1709:1721 The contents of short-chain fatty acids in ceca were increased to 26.483±1.925 and 25.609±2.782μmol/g in the two probiotic cocktail groups respectively compared to 15.791±0.833μmol/g (P<0.05) in control group. 28527760 7 72 theme probiotic 1627:1635 arg1 groups 1646:1651 the two probiotic cocktail groups 1619:1651 the two probiotic cocktail groups 1619:1651 The contents of short-chain fatty acids in ceca were increased to 26.483±1.925 and 25.609±2.782μmol/g in the two probiotic cocktail groups respectively compared to 15.791±0.833μmol/g (P<0.05) in control group. 28527760 0 73 theme mouse 114:118 arg1 model 120:124 a mouse model 112:124 a mouse model 112:124 Restoration of cefixime-induced gut microbiota changes by Lactobacillus cocktails and fructooligosaccharides in a mouse model. 28527760 9 74 theme gut 1895:1897 arg1 restoration 1910:1920 gut microbiota restoration 1895:1920 gut microbiota restoration (such as an increase of Akkermansia) 1895:1957 However, fructooligasaccharide administration showed certain effects on gut microbiota restoration (such as an increase of Akkermansia), although its effect on the entire microbiome structure is not so obvious. 28527760 5 75 theme gut 996:998 arg1 change 1011:1016 the cefixime-induced gut microbiota change 975:1016 the cefixime-induced gut microbiota change 975:1016 The effects of Lactobacillus cocktails against the cefixime-induced gut microbiota change may mainly be due to the beneficial SCFAs production in vivo and also be related to the good cell adhesion properties performed in vitro. 28527760 5 76 theme cell 1111:1114 arg1 properties 1125:1134 the good cell adhesion properties 1102:1134 the good cell adhesion properties performed in vitro 1102:1153 The effects of Lactobacillus cocktails against the cefixime-induced gut microbiota change may mainly be due to the beneficial SCFAs production in vivo and also be related to the good cell adhesion properties performed in vitro. 28527760 3 77 from reduction 589:597 arg1 diversities 606:616 the diversities 602:616 the diversities of the microbial community 602:643 The results show that the use of cefixime caused a reduction in the diversities of the microbial community and led to significantly decreasing to one preponderant Firmicutes phylum, which was difficult to restore naturally in the short term. 28527760 0 78 theme gut 32:34 arg1 microbiota 36:45 cefixime-induced gut microbiota 15:45 cefixime-induced gut microbiota 15:45 Restoration of cefixime-induced gut microbiota changes by Lactobacillus cocktails and fructooligosaccharides in a mouse model. 28527760 5 79 theme cocktails 957:965 arg1 related 1091:1097 related 1091:1097 related 1091:1097 The effects of Lactobacillus cocktails against the cefixime-induced gut microbiota change may mainly be due to the beneficial SCFAs production in vivo and also be related to the good cell adhesion properties performed in vitro. 28527760 5 79 theme cocktails 957:965 arg1 due 1032:1034 due 1032:1034 due 1032:1034 The effects of Lactobacillus cocktails against the cefixime-induced gut microbiota change may mainly be due to the beneficial SCFAs production in vivo and also be related to the good cell adhesion properties performed in vitro. 28527760 5 79 theme cocktails 957:965 arg1 effects 932:938 The effects 928:938 The effects of Lactobacillus cocktails against the cefixime-induced gut microbiota change 928:1016 The effects of Lactobacillus cocktails against the cefixime-induced gut microbiota change may mainly be due to the beneficial SCFAs production in vivo and also be related to the good cell adhesion properties performed in vitro. 28527760 4 80 theme gut 784:786 arg1 diverse 878:884 diverse 878:884 diverse 878:884 The gut microbiota compositions of the groups treated with the probiotic cocktails were much more diverse than those of the natural recovery group. 28527760 4 80 theme gut 784:786 arg1 compositions 799:810 The gut microbiota compositions 780:810 The gut microbiota compositions of the groups treated with the probiotic cocktails 780:861 The gut microbiota compositions of the groups treated with the probiotic cocktails were much more diverse than those of the natural recovery group. 28527760 2 81 theme gut 490:492 arg1 microbiota 494:503 gut microbiota 490:503 gut microbiota 490:503 In this study, the different recovery effects of two cocktails (each contains four strains) of Lactobacillus and fructooligosaccharide against cefixime-induced change of gut microbiota were evaluated in C57BL/6J mice. 28527760 4 82 theme groups 819:824 arg1 diverse 878:884 diverse 878:884 diverse 878:884 The gut microbiota compositions of the groups treated with the probiotic cocktails were much more diverse than those of the natural recovery group. 28527760 4 82 theme groups 819:824 arg1 compositions 799:810 The gut microbiota compositions 780:810 The gut microbiota compositions of the groups treated with the probiotic cocktails 780:861 The gut microbiota compositions of the groups treated with the probiotic cocktails were much more diverse than those of the natural recovery group. 28527760 0 83 theme Lactobacillus 58:70 arg1 cocktails 72:80 Lactobacillus cocktails 58:80 Lactobacillus cocktails 58:80 Restoration of cefixime-induced gut microbiota changes by Lactobacillus cocktails and fructooligosaccharides in a mouse model. 28527760 2 84 theme different 339:347 arg1 effects 358:364 the different recovery effects 335:364 the different recovery effects of two cocktails (each contains four strains) of Lactobacillus and fructooligosaccharide against cefixime-induced change of gut microbiota 335:503 In this study, the different recovery effects of two cocktails (each contains four strains) of Lactobacillus and fructooligosaccharide against cefixime-induced change of gut microbiota were evaluated in C57BL/6J mice. 28527760 6 85 with strains 1307:1313 arg1 levels 1325:1330 high levels 1320:1330 high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties 1320:1395 Meanwhile, the restoration of the cefixime-induced gut microbiota was significantly different between two Lactobacillus groups since the Lactobacillus strains with high levels of fructooligosaccharide use and better cell adhesion properties performed considerably better than the Lactobacillus strains with high survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract. 28527760 9 86 from effects 1884:1890 arg1 restoration 1910:1920 gut microbiota restoration 1895:1920 gut microbiota restoration (such as an increase of Akkermansia) 1895:1957 However, fructooligasaccharide administration showed certain effects on gut microbiota restoration (such as an increase of Akkermansia), although its effect on the entire microbiome structure is not so obvious. 28527760 4 87 theme microbiota 788:797 arg1 diverse 878:884 diverse 878:884 diverse 878:884 The gut microbiota compositions of the groups treated with the probiotic cocktails were much more diverse than those of the natural recovery group. 28527760 4 87 theme microbiota 788:797 arg1 compositions 799:810 The gut microbiota compositions 780:810 The gut microbiota compositions of the groups treated with the probiotic cocktails 780:861 The gut microbiota compositions of the groups treated with the probiotic cocktails were much more diverse than those of the natural recovery group. 28527760 1 88 theme probiotics 255:264 arg1 strains 244:250 the different strains 230:250 the different strains of probiotics 230:264 Probiotics have been used to rebuild the antibiotic-induced dysfunction in gut microbiota, but whether the different strains of probiotics result in similar or reverse effects remains unclear. 25256951 10 0 theme = 1423:1423 arg1 FJAT-14515 1394:1403 FJAT-14515 1394:1403 FJAT-14515 1394:1403 The type strain is FJAT-14515(T) (=DSM 25969(T) = CGMCC 1.12697(T)). 25256951 10 0 theme = 1423:1423 arg1 T 1439:1439 T 1439:1439 T 1439:1439 The type strain is FJAT-14515(T) (=DSM 25969(T) = CGMCC 1.12697(T)). 25256951 10 0 theme = 1423:1423 arg1 1.12697 1431:1437 =DSM 25969(T) = CGMCC 1.12697 1409:1437 =DSM 25969(T) = CGMCC 1.12697(T) 1409:1440 The type strain is FJAT-14515(T) (=DSM 25969(T) = CGMCC 1.12697(T)). 25256951 8 1 theme Bacillus 1334:1341 arg1 sp 1353:1354 Bacillus cihuensis sp 1334:1354 the name Bacillus cihuensis sp 1325:1354 Therefore, on the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties, strain FJAT-14515(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus cihuensis sp. 25256951 8 2 dep properties 1232:1241 arg1 the 1178:1180 the 1178:1180 the 1178:1180 Therefore, on the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties, strain FJAT-14515(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus cihuensis sp. 25256951 8 2 dep properties 1232:1241 arg1 basis 1182:1186 basis 1182:1186 basis 1182:1186 Therefore, on the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties, strain FJAT-14515(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus cihuensis sp. 25256951 4 3 theme major 524:528 arg1 quinone 553:559 major respiratory isoprenoid quinone 524:559 major respiratory isoprenoid quinone 524:559 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of the isolated strain was meso-diaminopimelic acid and major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 25256951 8 4 theme chemotaxonomic 1203:1216 arg1 properties 1232:1241 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1191:1241 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1191:1241 Therefore, on the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties, strain FJAT-14515(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus cihuensis sp. 25256951 8 5 theme phenotypic 1191:1200 arg1 properties 1232:1241 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1191:1241 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1191:1241 Therefore, on the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties, strain FJAT-14515(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus cihuensis sp. 25256951 7 6 theme 1321 1104:1107 arg1 T 1029:1029 T 1029:1029 T 1029:1029 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 7 6 theme 1321 1104:1107 arg1 strains 1050:1056 the reference strains 1036:1056 the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) 1036:1110 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 7 6 theme 1321 1104:1107 arg1 strain 1011:1016 strain FJAT-14515 1011:1027 strain FJAT-14515(T) 1011:1030 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 3 7 theme optimum 398:404 arg1 NaCl 392:395 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl 380:395 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v) 380:416 The strain grew at 10-35 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 5.7-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v). 25256951 3 7 theme optimum 398:404 arg1 w/v 413:415 optimum at 1 % w/v 398:415 optimum at 1 % w/v 398:415 The strain grew at 10-35 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 5.7-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v). 25256951 2 8 theme strain 189:194 arg1 FJAT-14515 196:205 strain FJAT-14515 189:205 strain FJAT-14515(T) 189:208 A Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant, rod-shaped, spore forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-14515(T) was isolated from a soil sample in Cihu area, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. 25256951 2 8 theme strain 189:194 arg1 T 207:207 T 207:207 T 207:207 A Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant, rod-shaped, spore forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-14515(T) was isolated from a soil sample in Cihu area, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. 25256951 1 9 theme rhizosphere 43:53 arg1 soil 55:58 rhizosphere soil 43:58 rhizosphere soil of a plant in the Cihu area of Taiwan 43:96 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a plant in the Cihu area of Taiwan. 25256951 1 10 from soil 55:58 arg1 area 83:86 the Cihu area 74:86 the Cihu area of Taiwan 74:96 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a plant in the Cihu area of Taiwan. 25256951 6 11 theme gene 752:755 arg1 sequences 757:765 16S rRNA gene sequences 743:765 16S rRNA gene sequences 743:765 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 3 12 theme at 406:407 arg1 NaCl 392:395 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl 380:395 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v) 380:416 The strain grew at 10-35 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 5.7-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v). 25256951 3 12 theme at 406:407 arg1 w/v 413:415 optimum at 1 % w/v 398:415 optimum at 1 % w/v 398:415 The strain grew at 10-35 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 5.7-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v). 25256951 7 13 theme simplex 1092:1098 arg1 T 1109:1109 T 1109:1109 T 1109:1109 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 7 13 theme simplex 1092:1098 arg1 1321 1104:1107 B. simplex DSM 1321 1089:1107 B. simplex DSM 1321(T) 1089:1110 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 3 14 theme NaCl 392:395 arg1 salinities 366:375 salinities 366:375 salinities of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v) 366:416 The strain grew at 10-35 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 5.7-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v). 25256951 2 15 theme soil 230:233 arg1 sample 235:240 a soil sample 228:240 a soil sample in Cihu area, Taoyuan County, Taiwan 228:277 A Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant, rod-shaped, spore forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-14515(T) was isolated from a soil sample in Cihu area, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. 25256951 8 16 theme novel 1278:1282 arg1 species 1284:1290 a novel species 1276:1290 a novel species 1276:1290 Therefore, on the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties, strain FJAT-14515(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus cihuensis sp. 25256951 6 17 theme rRNA 747:750 arg1 sequences 757:765 16S rRNA gene sequences 743:765 16S rRNA gene sequences 743:765 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 5 18 theme Major 571:575 arg1 acids 592:596 Major cellular fatty acids 571:596 Major cellular fatty acids 571:596 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (40.6 %), iso-C15:0 (20.7 %) and the DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-14515(T) was 37.1 mol %. 25256951 6 19 theme reference 870:878 arg1 strains 880:886 the reference strains 866:886 the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %) 866:970 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 6 20 theme 16288 912:916 arg1 strains 880:886 the reference strains 866:886 the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %) 866:970 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 1 21 from plant 65:69 arg1 area 83:86 the Cihu area 74:86 the Cihu area of Taiwan 74:96 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a plant in the Cihu area of Taiwan. 25256951 4 22 theme isolated 475:482 arg1 strain 484:489 the isolated strain 471:489 the isolated strain 471:489 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of the isolated strain was meso-diaminopimelic acid and major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 25256951 5 23 theme cellular 577:584 arg1 acids 592:596 Major cellular fatty acids 571:596 Major cellular fatty acids 571:596 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (40.6 %), iso-C15:0 (20.7 %) and the DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-14515(T) was 37.1 mol %. 25256951 2 24 theme Gram-positive 101:113 arg1 bacterium 167:175 A Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant, rod-shaped, spore forming bacterium 99:175 A Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant, rod-shaped, spore forming bacterium 99:175 A Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant, rod-shaped, spore forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-14515(T) was isolated from a soil sample in Cihu area, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. 25256951 3 25 theme w/v 387:389 arg1 NaCl 392:395 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl 380:395 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v) 380:416 The strain grew at 10-35 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 5.7-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v). 25256951 3 25 theme w/v 387:389 arg1 w/v 413:415 optimum at 1 % w/v 398:415 optimum at 1 % w/v 398:415 The strain grew at 10-35 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 5.7-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v). 25256951 5 26 theme G+C 658:660 arg1 % 707:707 37.1 mol % 698:707 37.1 mol % 698:707 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (40.6 %), iso-C15:0 (20.7 %) and the DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-14515(T) was 37.1 mol %. 25256951 5 26 theme G+C 658:660 arg1 content 662:668 the DNA G+C content 650:668 the DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-14515(T) 650:692 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (40.6 %), iso-C15:0 (20.7 %) and the DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-14515(T) was 37.1 mol %. 25256951 0 27 theme cihuensis 9:17 arg1 sp 19:20 Bacillus cihuensis sp 0:20 Bacillus cihuensis sp. 0:21 Bacillus cihuensis sp. 25256951 7 28 theme B. 1089:1090 arg1 T 1109:1109 T 1109:1109 T 1109:1109 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 7 28 theme B. 1089:1090 arg1 1321 1104:1107 B. simplex DSM 1321 1089:1107 B. simplex DSM 1321(T) 1089:1110 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 6 29 theme 1321 955:958 arg1 strains 880:886 the reference strains 866:886 the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %) 866:970 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 6 30 theme 16S 743:745 arg1 sequences 757:765 16S rRNA gene sequences 743:765 16S rRNA gene sequences 743:765 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 1 31 theme plant 65:69 arg1 soil 55:58 rhizosphere soil 43:58 rhizosphere soil of a plant in the Cihu area of Taiwan 43:96 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a plant in the Cihu area of Taiwan. 25256951 7 32 theme DSM 1100:1102 arg1 T 1109:1109 T 1109:1109 T 1109:1109 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 7 32 theme DSM 1100:1102 arg1 1321 1104:1107 B. simplex DSM 1321 1089:1107 B. simplex DSM 1321(T) 1089:1110 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 7 33 theme DNA-DNA 983:989 arg1 relatedness 991:1001 DNA-DNA relatedness 983:1001 DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) 983:1110 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 0 34 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 19:20 Bacillus cihuensis sp 0:20 Bacillus cihuensis sp. 0:21 Bacillus cihuensis sp. 25256951 2 35 dep Gram-positive 101:113 arg1 rod-shaped 141:150 rod-shaped 141:150 rod-shaped 141:150 A Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant, rod-shaped, spore forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-14515(T) was isolated from a soil sample in Cihu area, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. 25256951 2 35 dep Gram-positive 101:113 arg1 halotolerant 127:138 halotolerant 127:138 halotolerant 127:138 A Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant, rod-shaped, spore forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-14515(T) was isolated from a soil sample in Cihu area, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. 25256951 2 35 dep Gram-positive 101:113 arg1 spore 153:157 spore 153:157 spore 153:157 A Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant, rod-shaped, spore forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-14515(T) was isolated from a soil sample in Cihu area, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. 25256951 6 36 theme DSM 951:953 arg1 T 960:960 T 960:960 T 960:960 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 6 36 theme DSM 951:953 arg1 1321 955:958 Bacillus simplex DSM 1321 934:958 Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %) 934:970 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 6 36 theme DSM 951:953 arg1 % 969:969 97.5 % 964:969 97.5 % 964:969 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 1 37 from area 83:86 arg1 soil 55:58 rhizosphere soil 43:58 rhizosphere soil of a plant in the Cihu area of Taiwan 43:96 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a plant in the Cihu area of Taiwan. 25256951 5 38 theme FJAT-14515 680:689 arg1 % 707:707 37.1 mol % 698:707 37.1 mol % 698:707 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (40.6 %), iso-C15:0 (20.7 %) and the DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-14515(T) was 37.1 mol %. 25256951 5 38 theme FJAT-14515 680:689 arg1 content 662:668 the DNA G+C content 650:668 the DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-14515(T) 650:692 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (40.6 %), iso-C15:0 (20.7 %) and the DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-14515(T) was 37.1 mol %. 25256951 7 39 dep % 1122:1122 arg1 0.57 1144:1147 ± 0.57 1142:1147 ± 0.57 1142:1147 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 4 40 theme strain 484:489 arg1 peptidoglycan 454:466 the peptidoglycan 450:466 the peptidoglycan of the isolated strain 450:489 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of the isolated strain was meso-diaminopimelic acid and major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 25256951 7 41 theme DSM 1072:1074 arg1 T 1082:1082 T 1082:1082 T 1082:1082 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 7 41 theme DSM 1072:1074 arg1 16288 1076:1080 B. muralis DSM 16288 1061:1080 B. muralis DSM 16288(T) 1061:1083 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 2 42 dep Taiwan 272:277 arg1 Taoyuan 256:262 Taoyuan 256:262 Taoyuan 256:262 A Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant, rod-shaped, spore forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-14515(T) was isolated from a soil sample in Cihu area, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. 25256951 3 43 from w/v 413:415 arg1 % 411:411 optimum at 1 % w/v 398:415 optimum at 1 % w/v 398:415 The strain grew at 10-35 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 5.7-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v). 25256951 3 43 from w/v 413:415 arg1 at 406:407 optimum at 1 % w/v 398:415 optimum at 1 % w/v 398:415 The strain grew at 10-35 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 5.7-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v). 25256951 3 44 theme at 348:349 arg1 pH 328:329 pH 5.7-9.0 328:337 pH 5.7-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) 328:357 The strain grew at 10-35 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 5.7-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v). 25256951 3 44 theme at 348:349 arg1 pH 351:352 optimum at pH 7.0 340:356 optimum at pH 7.0 340:356 The strain grew at 10-35 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 5.7-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v). 25256951 6 45 theme Bacillus 891:898 arg1 16288 912:916 Bacillus muralis DSM 16288 891:916 Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) 891:928 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 6 45 theme Bacillus 891:898 arg1 % 927:927 97.6 % 922:927 97.6 % 922:927 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 6 45 theme Bacillus 891:898 arg1 T 918:918 T 918:918 T 918:918 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 7 46 dep B. 1061:1062 arg1 muralis 1064:1070 muralis 1064:1070 muralis 1064:1070 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 7 47 theme 16288 1076:1080 arg1 T 1029:1029 T 1029:1029 T 1029:1029 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 7 47 theme 16288 1076:1080 arg1 strains 1050:1056 the reference strains 1036:1056 the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) 1036:1110 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 7 47 theme 16288 1076:1080 arg1 strain 1011:1016 strain FJAT-14515 1011:1027 strain FJAT-14515(T) 1011:1030 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 1 48 theme Cihu 78:81 arg1 area 83:86 the Cihu area 74:86 the Cihu area of Taiwan 74:96 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a plant in the Cihu area of Taiwan. 25256951 8 49 dep name 1329:1332 arg1 sp 1353:1354 Bacillus cihuensis sp 1334:1354 the name Bacillus cihuensis sp 1325:1354 Therefore, on the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties, strain FJAT-14515(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus cihuensis sp. 25256951 6 50 theme simplex 943:949 arg1 T 960:960 T 960:960 T 960:960 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 6 50 theme simplex 943:949 arg1 1321 955:958 Bacillus simplex DSM 1321 934:958 Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %) 934:970 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 6 50 theme simplex 943:949 arg1 % 969:969 97.5 % 964:969 97.5 % 964:969 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 6 51 dep Bacillus 891:898 arg1 muralis 900:906 muralis 900:906 muralis 900:906 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 5 52 theme DNA 654:656 arg1 % 707:707 37.1 mol % 698:707 37.1 mol % 698:707 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (40.6 %), iso-C15:0 (20.7 %) and the DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-14515(T) was 37.1 mol %. 25256951 5 52 theme DNA 654:656 arg1 content 662:668 the DNA G+C content 650:668 the DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-14515(T) 650:692 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (40.6 %), iso-C15:0 (20.7 %) and the DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-14515(T) was 37.1 mol %. 25256951 6 53 theme phylogenetic 712:723 arg1 analysis 725:732 A phylogenetic analysis 710:732 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 710:765 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 6 54 theme Bacillus 934:941 arg1 T 960:960 T 960:960 T 960:960 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 6 54 theme Bacillus 934:941 arg1 1321 955:958 Bacillus simplex DSM 1321 934:958 Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %) 934:970 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 6 54 theme Bacillus 934:941 arg1 % 969:969 97.5 % 964:969 97.5 % 964:969 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 3 55 theme optimum 340:346 arg1 pH 328:329 pH 5.7-9.0 328:337 pH 5.7-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) 328:357 The strain grew at 10-35 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 5.7-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v). 25256951 3 55 theme optimum 340:346 arg1 pH 351:352 optimum at pH 7.0 340:356 optimum at pH 7.0 340:356 The strain grew at 10-35 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 5.7-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v). 25256951 8 56 theme Bacillus 1305:1312 arg1 species 1284:1290 a novel species 1276:1290 a novel species 1276:1290 Therefore, on the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties, strain FJAT-14515(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus cihuensis sp. 25256951 3 57 theme % 411:411 arg1 NaCl 392:395 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl 380:395 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v) 380:416 The strain grew at 10-35 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 5.7-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v). 25256951 3 57 theme % 411:411 arg1 w/v 413:415 optimum at 1 % w/v 398:415 optimum at 1 % w/v 398:415 The strain grew at 10-35 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 5.7-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v). 25256951 4 58 theme isoprenoid 542:551 arg1 quinone 553:559 major respiratory isoprenoid quinone 524:559 major respiratory isoprenoid quinone 524:559 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of the isolated strain was meso-diaminopimelic acid and major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 25256951 7 59 theme relatedness 991:1001 arg1 Levels 973:978 Levels 973:978 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) 973:1110 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 7 60 theme reference 1040:1048 arg1 strains 1050:1056 the reference strains 1036:1056 the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) 1036:1110 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 7 61 theme B. 1061:1062 arg1 T 1082:1082 T 1082:1082 T 1082:1082 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 7 61 theme B. 1061:1062 arg1 16288 1076:1080 B. muralis DSM 16288 1061:1080 B. muralis DSM 16288(T) 1061:1083 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 4 62 theme respiratory 530:540 arg1 quinone 553:559 major respiratory isoprenoid quinone 524:559 major respiratory isoprenoid quinone 524:559 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of the isolated strain was meso-diaminopimelic acid and major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 25256951 7 63 theme ± 1124:1124 arg1 % 1122:1122 27.9 % ± 3.32 1117:1129 27.9 % ± 3.32 1117:1129 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 3 64 from pH 351:352 arg1 at 348:349 optimum at pH 7.0 340:356 optimum at pH 7.0 340:356 The strain grew at 10-35 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 5.7-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v). 25256951 1 65 theme Taiwan 91:96 arg1 area 83:86 the Cihu area 74:86 the Cihu area of Taiwan 74:96 nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a plant in the Cihu area of Taiwan. 25256951 4 66 theme diagnostic 423:432 arg1 acid 515:518 meso-diaminopimelic acid 495:518 meso-diaminopimelic acid 495:518 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of the isolated strain was meso-diaminopimelic acid and major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 25256951 4 66 theme diagnostic 423:432 arg1 acid 442:445 The diagnostic diamino acid 419:445 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of the isolated strain 419:489 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of the isolated strain was meso-diaminopimelic acid and major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 25256951 5 67 theme 37.1 698:701 arg1 mol 703:705 mol 703:705 mol 703:705 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (40.6 %), iso-C15:0 (20.7 %) and the DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-14515(T) was 37.1 mol %. 25256951 2 68 theme forming 159:165 arg1 bacterium 167:175 A Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant, rod-shaped, spore forming bacterium 99:175 A Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant, rod-shaped, spore forming bacterium 99:175 A Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant, rod-shaped, spore forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-14515(T) was isolated from a soil sample in Cihu area, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. 25256951 8 69 theme cihuensis 1343:1351 arg1 sp 1353:1354 Bacillus cihuensis sp 1334:1354 the name Bacillus cihuensis sp 1325:1354 Therefore, on the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties, strain FJAT-14515(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus cihuensis sp. 25256951 4 70 theme meso-diaminopimelic 495:513 arg1 acid 515:518 meso-diaminopimelic acid 495:518 meso-diaminopimelic acid 495:518 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of the isolated strain was meso-diaminopimelic acid and major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 25256951 4 70 theme meso-diaminopimelic 495:513 arg1 acid 442:445 The diagnostic diamino acid 419:445 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of the isolated strain 419:489 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of the isolated strain was meso-diaminopimelic acid and major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 25256951 2 71 from sample 235:240 arg1 Taiwan 272:277 Taiwan 272:277 Taiwan 272:277 A Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant, rod-shaped, spore forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-14515(T) was isolated from a soil sample in Cihu area, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. 25256951 2 72 attach isolated 214:221 arg1 sample 235:240 a soil sample 228:240 a soil sample in Cihu area, Taoyuan County, Taiwan 228:277 A Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant, rod-shaped, spore forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-14515(T) was isolated from a soil sample in Cihu area, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. 25256951 2 72 attach isolated 214:221 arg2 bacterium 167:175 A Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant, rod-shaped, spore forming bacterium 99:175 A Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant, rod-shaped, spore forming bacterium 99:175 A Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant, rod-shaped, spore forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-14515(T) was isolated from a soil sample in Cihu area, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. 25256951 5 73 theme fatty 586:590 arg1 acids 592:596 Major cellular fatty acids 571:596 Major cellular fatty acids 571:596 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (40.6 %), iso-C15:0 (20.7 %) and the DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-14515(T) was 37.1 mol %. 25256951 4 74 theme peptidoglycan 454:466 arg1 acid 515:518 meso-diaminopimelic acid 495:518 meso-diaminopimelic acid 495:518 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of the isolated strain was meso-diaminopimelic acid and major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 25256951 4 74 theme peptidoglycan 454:466 arg1 acid 442:445 The diagnostic diamino acid 419:445 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of the isolated strain 419:489 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of the isolated strain was meso-diaminopimelic acid and major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 25256951 10 75 theme type 1379:1382 arg1 FJAT-14515 1394:1403 FJAT-14515 1394:1403 FJAT-14515 1394:1403 The type strain is FJAT-14515(T) (=DSM 25969(T) = CGMCC 1.12697(T)). 25256951 10 75 theme type 1379:1382 arg1 strain 1384:1389 The type strain 1375:1389 The type strain 1375:1389 The type strain is FJAT-14515(T) (=DSM 25969(T) = CGMCC 1.12697(T)). 25256951 6 76 theme DSM 908:910 arg1 16288 912:916 Bacillus muralis DSM 16288 891:916 Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) 891:928 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 6 76 theme DSM 908:910 arg1 % 927:927 97.6 % 922:927 97.6 % 922:927 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 6 76 theme DSM 908:910 arg1 T 918:918 T 918:918 T 918:918 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 5 77 theme strain 673:678 arg1 T 691:691 T 691:691 T 691:691 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (40.6 %), iso-C15:0 (20.7 %) and the DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-14515(T) was 37.1 mol %. 25256951 5 77 theme strain 673:678 arg1 FJAT-14515 680:689 strain FJAT-14515 673:689 strain FJAT-14515(T) 673:692 Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (40.6 %), iso-C15:0 (20.7 %) and the DNA G+C content of strain FJAT-14515(T) was 37.1 mol %. 25256951 8 78 theme strain 1244:1249 arg1 T 1262:1262 T 1262:1262 T 1262:1262 Therefore, on the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties, strain FJAT-14515(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus cihuensis sp. 25256951 8 78 theme strain 1244:1249 arg1 FJAT-14515 1251:1260 strain FJAT-14515 1244:1260 strain FJAT-14515(T) 1244:1263 Therefore, on the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties, strain FJAT-14515(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus cihuensis sp. 25256951 6 79 theme strain 782:787 arg1 T 800:800 T 800:800 T 800:800 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 6 79 theme strain 782:787 arg1 FJAT-14515 789:798 strain FJAT-14515 782:798 strain FJAT-14515(T) 782:801 A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-14515(T) belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the reference strains of Bacillus muralis DSM 16288(T) (97.6 %) and Bacillus simplex DSM 1321(T) (97.5 %). 25256951 7 80 theme ± 1142:1142 arg1 0.57 1144:1147 ± 0.57 1142:1147 ± 0.57 1142:1147 Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14515(T) and the reference strains of B. muralis DSM 16288(T) and B. simplex DSM 1321(T) were 27.9 % ± 3.32 and 44.1 % ± 0.57, respectively. 25256951 10 81 theme CGMCC 1425:1429 arg1 FJAT-14515 1394:1403 FJAT-14515 1394:1403 FJAT-14515 1394:1403 The type strain is FJAT-14515(T) (=DSM 25969(T) = CGMCC 1.12697(T)). 25256951 10 81 theme CGMCC 1425:1429 arg1 T 1439:1439 T 1439:1439 T 1439:1439 The type strain is FJAT-14515(T) (=DSM 25969(T) = CGMCC 1.12697(T)). 25256951 10 81 theme CGMCC 1425:1429 arg1 1.12697 1431:1437 =DSM 25969(T) = CGMCC 1.12697 1409:1437 =DSM 25969(T) = CGMCC 1.12697(T) 1409:1440 The type strain is FJAT-14515(T) (=DSM 25969(T) = CGMCC 1.12697(T)). 25256951 3 82 theme % 384:384 arg1 NaCl 392:395 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl 380:395 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v) 380:416 The strain grew at 10-35 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 5.7-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v). 25256951 3 82 theme % 384:384 arg1 w/v 413:415 optimum at 1 % w/v 398:415 optimum at 1 % w/v 398:415 The strain grew at 10-35 °C (optimum at 30 °C), pH 5.7-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1 % w/v). 25256951 8 83 theme genotypic 1222:1230 arg1 properties 1232:1241 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1191:1241 phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties 1191:1241 Therefore, on the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties, strain FJAT-14515(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus cihuensis sp. 25256951 4 84 theme diamino 434:440 arg1 acid 515:518 meso-diaminopimelic acid 495:518 meso-diaminopimelic acid 495:518 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of the isolated strain was meso-diaminopimelic acid and major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 25256951 4 84 theme diamino 434:440 arg1 acid 442:445 The diagnostic diamino acid 419:445 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of the isolated strain 419:489 The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of the isolated strain was meso-diaminopimelic acid and major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. 28242914 15 0 theme above 1863:1867 arg1 supportive 1882:1891 supportive 1882:1891 supportive 1882:1891 All the above findings are supportive of the fact that polysaccharides extracted from DCR, an industrial waste, have a vast potential to be exploited as novel prebiotics. 28242914 15 0 theme above 1863:1867 arg1 findings 1869:1876 All the above findings 1855:1876 All the above findings 1855:1876 All the above findings are supportive of the fact that polysaccharides extracted from DCR, an industrial waste, have a vast potential to be exploited as novel prebiotics. 28242914 1 1 theme crude 256:260 arg1 polysaccharides 262:276 crude polysaccharides 256:276 crude polysaccharides from defatted coconut residue 256:306 This paper reports on the extraction, partial characterization and the potential application of crude polysaccharides from defatted coconut residue as a prebiotic. 28242914 4 2 theme structural 648:657 arg1 elucidation 659:669 structural elucidation 648:669 structural elucidation 648:669 The functional group and structural elucidation of crude polysaccharides was also done using Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis. 28242914 13 3 theme human 1726:1730 arg1 juice 1740:1744 artificial human gastric juice 1715:1744 artificial human gastric juice 1715:1744 DCR crude polysaccharides were highly resistant (88%) to hydrolysis when subjected to artificial human gastric juice. 28242914 3 4 theme protein 592:598 arg1 determination 608:620 protein content determination 592:620 protein content determination 592:620 The crude polysaccharides were assessed for monosaccharide composition, total carbohydrate content, reducing sugar concentration and protein content determination. 28242914 12 5 from content 1457:1463 arg1 polysaccharides 1478:1492 the crude polysaccharides 1468:1492 the crude polysaccharides 1468:1492 Protein content in the crude polysaccharides was 0.009% and the peaks which indicated the presence of protein were observed at around 1640 cm-1 (amide I) and 1530 cm-1 (amide II). 28242914 13 6 dep resistant 1667:1675 arg1 % 1680:1680 88% 1678:1680 88% 1678:1680 DCR crude polysaccharides were highly resistant (88%) to hydrolysis when subjected to artificial human gastric juice. 28242914 6 7 theme casei 966:970 arg1 Shirota 972:978 Lactobacillus casei Shirota 952:978 two probiotic bacteria namely Lactobacillus casei Shirota 922:978 Finally, an in vitro proliferation and acid production by two probiotic bacteria namely Lactobacillus casei Shirota and Lactobacillus bulgaricus were included in this study. 28242914 0 8 theme in 150:151 arg1 probiotics 139:148 probiotics 139:148 probiotics in vitro 139:157 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 28242914 4 9 theme spectra 743:749 arg1 analysis 751:758 spectra analysis 743:758 spectra analysis 743:758 The functional group and structural elucidation of crude polysaccharides was also done using Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis. 28242914 6 10 dep in 876:877 arg1 vitro 879:883 vitro 879:883 vitro 879:883 Finally, an in vitro proliferation and acid production by two probiotic bacteria namely Lactobacillus casei Shirota and Lactobacillus bulgaricus were included in this study. 28242914 0 11 theme acidifying 116:125 arg1 activity 127:134 acidifying activity 116:134 acidifying activity 116:134 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 28242914 4 12 dep group 638:642 arg1 The 623:625 The 623:625 The 623:625 The functional group and structural elucidation of crude polysaccharides was also done using Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis. 28242914 8 13 theme polysaccharides 1214:1228 arg1 0.73 ± 0.04 1244:1254 0.73 ± 0.04 1244:1254 0.73 ± 0.04 1244:1254 The percentage of crude polysaccharides extracted was 0.73 ± 0.04. 28242914 8 13 theme polysaccharides 1214:1228 arg1 percentage 1194:1203 The percentage 1190:1203 The percentage of crude polysaccharides extracted 1190:1238 The percentage of crude polysaccharides extracted was 0.73 ± 0.04. 28242914 12 14 theme protein 1551:1557 arg1 presence 1539:1546 the presence 1535:1546 the presence of protein 1535:1557 Protein content in the crude polysaccharides was 0.009% and the peaks which indicated the presence of protein were observed at around 1640 cm-1 (amide I) and 1530 cm-1 (amide II). 28242914 1 15 from application 241:251 arg1 residue 300:306 defatted coconut residue 283:306 defatted coconut residue 283:306 This paper reports on the extraction, partial characterization and the potential application of crude polysaccharides from defatted coconut residue as a prebiotic. 28242914 1 16 from extraction 186:195 arg1 residue 300:306 defatted coconut residue 283:306 defatted coconut residue 283:306 This paper reports on the extraction, partial characterization and the potential application of crude polysaccharides from defatted coconut residue as a prebiotic. 28242914 0 17 from proliferation 98:110 arg1 study 72:76 study 72:76 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 0:158 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 28242914 0 18 dep in 150:151 arg1 vitro 153:157 vitro 153:157 vitro 153:157 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 28242914 0 19 from effects 87:93 arg1 proliferation 98:110 proliferation 98:110 proliferation 98:110 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 28242914 0 19 from effects 87:93 arg1 activity 127:134 acidifying activity 116:134 acidifying activity 116:134 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 28242914 9 20 theme monosaccharides 1278:1292 arg1 glucose 1308:1314 glucose 1308:1314 glucose 1308:1314 The two fractions of monosaccharides obtained were glucose and fructose. 28242914 9 20 theme monosaccharides 1278:1292 arg1 fractions 1265:1273 The two fractions 1257:1273 The two fractions of monosaccharides obtained 1257:1301 The two fractions of monosaccharides obtained were glucose and fructose. 28242914 7 21 theme defatted 1060:1067 arg1 residue 1077:1083 the defatted coconut residue 1056:1083 the defatted coconut residue 1056:1083 It was found that the defatted coconut residue contained ash (0.54%), moisture (55.42%), protein (1.69%), crude fat (17.26%) and carbohydrate (25.73%). 28242914 15 22 theme fact 1900:1903 arg1 supportive 1882:1891 supportive 1882:1891 supportive 1882:1891 All the above findings are supportive of the fact that polysaccharides extracted from DCR, an industrial waste, have a vast potential to be exploited as novel prebiotics. 28242914 15 22 theme fact 1900:1903 arg1 findings 1869:1876 All the above findings 1855:1876 All the above findings 1855:1876 All the above findings are supportive of the fact that polysaccharides extracted from DCR, an industrial waste, have a vast potential to be exploited as novel prebiotics. 28242914 0 23 theme effects 87:93 arg1 study 72:76 study 72:76 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 0:158 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 28242914 12 24 theme amide 1618:1622 arg1 1530 cm-1 1607:1615 1530 cm-1 1607:1615 1530 cm-1 (amide II) 1607:1626 Protein content in the crude polysaccharides was 0.009% and the peaks which indicated the presence of protein were observed at around 1640 cm-1 (amide I) and 1530 cm-1 (amide II). 28242914 12 24 theme amide 1618:1622 arg1 II 1624:1625 amide II 1618:1625 amide II 1618:1625 Protein content in the crude polysaccharides was 0.009% and the peaks which indicated the presence of protein were observed at around 1640 cm-1 (amide I) and 1530 cm-1 (amide II). 28242914 5 25 theme juice 820:824 arg1 treatment 826:834 artificial human gastric juice treatment 795:834 artificial human gastric juice treatment 795:834 The product was then subjected to artificial human gastric juice treatment to determine digestibility. 28242914 11 26 theme quantitative 1386:1397 arg1 value 1399:1403 The quantitative value 1382:1403 The quantitative value of the reducing sugars obtained 1382:1435 The quantitative value of the reducing sugars obtained was 20.71%. 28242914 11 26 theme quantitative 1386:1397 arg1 % 1446:1446 20.71% 1441:1446 20.71% 1441:1446 The quantitative value of the reducing sugars obtained was 20.71%. 28242914 13 27 theme crude 1633:1637 arg1 polysaccharides 1639:1653 DCR crude polysaccharides 1629:1653 DCR crude polysaccharides 1629:1653 DCR crude polysaccharides were highly resistant (88%) to hydrolysis when subjected to artificial human gastric juice. 28242914 11 28 theme sugars 1421:1426 arg1 value 1399:1403 The quantitative value 1382:1403 The quantitative value of the reducing sugars obtained 1382:1435 The quantitative value of the reducing sugars obtained was 20.71%. 28242914 11 28 theme sugars 1421:1426 arg1 % 1446:1446 20.71% 1441:1446 20.71% 1441:1446 The quantitative value of the reducing sugars obtained was 20.71%. 28242914 2 29 theme crude 385:389 arg1 polysaccharides 391:405 the crude polysaccharides 381:405 the crude polysaccharides 381:405 The coconut residue was defatted and extracted to obtain the crude polysaccharides and its physicochemical properties were determined. 28242914 0 30 theme Defatted 0:7 arg1 polysaccharides 31:45 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides 0:45 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 0:158 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 28242914 1 31 theme defatted 283:290 arg1 residue 300:306 defatted coconut residue 283:306 defatted coconut residue 283:306 This paper reports on the extraction, partial characterization and the potential application of crude polysaccharides from defatted coconut residue as a prebiotic. 28242914 15 32 theme vast 1974:1977 arg1 potential 1979:1987 a vast potential 1972:1987 a vast potential to be exploited as novel prebiotics 1972:2023 All the above findings are supportive of the fact that polysaccharides extracted from DCR, an industrial waste, have a vast potential to be exploited as novel prebiotics. 28242914 15 33 theme industrial 1949:1958 arg1 DCR 1941:1943 DCR 1941:1943 DCR 1941:1943 All the above findings are supportive of the fact that polysaccharides extracted from DCR, an industrial waste, have a vast potential to be exploited as novel prebiotics. 28242914 15 33 theme industrial 1949:1958 arg1 waste 1960:1964 an industrial waste 1946:1964 an industrial waste 1946:1964 All the above findings are supportive of the fact that polysaccharides extracted from DCR, an industrial waste, have a vast potential to be exploited as novel prebiotics. 28242914 0 34 theme residue 17:23 arg1 polysaccharides 31:45 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides 0:45 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 0:158 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 28242914 6 35 theme Lactobacillus 952:964 arg1 Shirota 972:978 Lactobacillus casei Shirota 952:978 two probiotic bacteria namely Lactobacillus casei Shirota 922:978 Finally, an in vitro proliferation and acid production by two probiotic bacteria namely Lactobacillus casei Shirota and Lactobacillus bulgaricus were included in this study. 28242914 2 36 theme physicochemical 415:429 arg1 properties 431:440 its physicochemical properties 411:440 its physicochemical properties 411:440 The coconut residue was defatted and extracted to obtain the crude polysaccharides and its physicochemical properties were determined. 28242914 0 37 theme potential 50:58 arg1 prebiotics 60:69 potential prebiotics 50:69 potential prebiotics 50:69 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 28242914 0 38 dep polysaccharides 31:45 arg1 study 72:76 study 72:76 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 0:158 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 28242914 10 39 theme carbohydrate 1336:1347 arg1 content 1349:1355 Total carbohydrate content 1330:1355 Total carbohydrate content of DCR 1330:1362 Total carbohydrate content of DCR was 13.35% (w/v). 28242914 3 40 theme monosaccharide 503:516 arg1 composition 518:528 monosaccharide composition 503:528 monosaccharide composition 503:528 The crude polysaccharides were assessed for monosaccharide composition, total carbohydrate content, reducing sugar concentration and protein content determination. 28242914 12 41 theme crude 1472:1476 arg1 polysaccharides 1478:1492 the crude polysaccharides 1468:1492 the crude polysaccharides 1468:1492 Protein content in the crude polysaccharides was 0.009% and the peaks which indicated the presence of protein were observed at around 1640 cm-1 (amide I) and 1530 cm-1 (amide II). 28242914 1 42 dep extraction 186:195 arg1 the 182:184 the 182:184 the 182:184 This paper reports on the extraction, partial characterization and the potential application of crude polysaccharides from defatted coconut residue as a prebiotic. 28242914 1 43 theme potential 231:239 arg1 application 241:251 the potential application 227:251 the potential application 227:251 This paper reports on the extraction, partial characterization and the potential application of crude polysaccharides from defatted coconut residue as a prebiotic. 28242914 4 44 dep Fourier 716:722 arg1 transform 724:732 transform 724:732 transform infrared spectra analysis 724:758 The functional group and structural elucidation of crude polysaccharides was also done using Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis. 28242914 4 45 theme crude 674:678 arg1 polysaccharides 680:694 crude polysaccharides 674:694 crude polysaccharides 674:694 The functional group and structural elucidation of crude polysaccharides was also done using Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis. 28242914 7 46 contain contained 1085:1093 arg1 residue 1077:1083 the defatted coconut residue 1056:1083 the defatted coconut residue 1056:1083 It was found that the defatted coconut residue contained ash (0.54%), moisture (55.42%), protein (1.69%), crude fat (17.26%) and carbohydrate (25.73%). 28242914 7 46 contain contained 1085:1093 arg2 protein 1127:1133 protein 1127:1133 protein (1.69%) 1127:1141 It was found that the defatted coconut residue contained ash (0.54%), moisture (55.42%), protein (1.69%), crude fat (17.26%) and carbohydrate (25.73%). 28242914 7 46 contain contained 1085:1093 arg2 % 1123:1123 55.42% 1118:1123 55.42% 1118:1123 It was found that the defatted coconut residue contained ash (0.54%), moisture (55.42%), protein (1.69%), crude fat (17.26%) and carbohydrate (25.73%). 28242914 7 46 contain contained 1085:1093 arg2 % 1140:1140 1.69% 1136:1140 1.69% 1136:1140 It was found that the defatted coconut residue contained ash (0.54%), moisture (55.42%), protein (1.69%), crude fat (17.26%) and carbohydrate (25.73%). 28242914 7 46 contain contained 1085:1093 arg2 % 1104:1104 0.54% 1100:1104 0.54% 1100:1104 It was found that the defatted coconut residue contained ash (0.54%), moisture (55.42%), protein (1.69%), crude fat (17.26%) and carbohydrate (25.73%). 28242914 7 46 contain contained 1085:1093 arg2 % 1160:1160 17.26% 1155:1160 17.26% 1155:1160 It was found that the defatted coconut residue contained ash (0.54%), moisture (55.42%), protein (1.69%), crude fat (17.26%) and carbohydrate (25.73%). 28242914 7 46 contain contained 1085:1093 arg2 fat 1150:1152 crude fat 1144:1152 crude fat (17.26%) 1144:1161 It was found that the defatted coconut residue contained ash (0.54%), moisture (55.42%), protein (1.69%), crude fat (17.26%) and carbohydrate (25.73%). 28242914 7 46 contain contained 1085:1093 arg2 % 1186:1186 25.73% 1181:1186 25.73% 1181:1186 It was found that the defatted coconut residue contained ash (0.54%), moisture (55.42%), protein (1.69%), crude fat (17.26%) and carbohydrate (25.73%). 28242914 7 46 contain contained 1085:1093 arg2 carbohydrate 1167:1178 carbohydrate 1167:1178 carbohydrate (25.73%) 1167:1187 It was found that the defatted coconut residue contained ash (0.54%), moisture (55.42%), protein (1.69%), crude fat (17.26%) and carbohydrate (25.73%). 28242914 7 46 contain contained 1085:1093 arg2 ash 1095:1097 ash 1095:1097 ash (0.54%) 1095:1105 It was found that the defatted coconut residue contained ash (0.54%), moisture (55.42%), protein (1.69%), crude fat (17.26%) and carbohydrate (25.73%). 28242914 7 46 contain contained 1085:1093 arg2 moisture 1108:1115 moisture 1108:1115 moisture (55.42%) 1108:1124 It was found that the defatted coconut residue contained ash (0.54%), moisture (55.42%), protein (1.69%), crude fat (17.26%) and carbohydrate (25.73%). 28242914 7 47 theme crude 1144:1148 arg1 % 1160:1160 17.26% 1155:1160 17.26% 1155:1160 It was found that the defatted coconut residue contained ash (0.54%), moisture (55.42%), protein (1.69%), crude fat (17.26%) and carbohydrate (25.73%). 28242914 7 47 theme crude 1144:1148 arg1 fat 1150:1152 crude fat 1144:1152 crude fat (17.26%) 1144:1161 It was found that the defatted coconut residue contained ash (0.54%), moisture (55.42%), protein (1.69%), crude fat (17.26%) and carbohydrate (25.73%). 28242914 3 48 theme carbohydrate 537:548 arg1 content 550:556 total carbohydrate content 531:556 total carbohydrate content 531:556 The crude polysaccharides were assessed for monosaccharide composition, total carbohydrate content, reducing sugar concentration and protein content determination. 28242914 12 49 theme Protein 1449:1455 arg1 content 1457:1463 Protein content 1449:1463 Protein content in the crude polysaccharides 1449:1492 Protein content in the crude polysaccharides was 0.009% and the peaks which indicated the presence of protein were observed at around 1640 cm-1 (amide I) and 1530 cm-1 (amide II). 28242914 4 50 theme functional 627:636 arg1 group 638:642 functional group 627:642 functional group 627:642 The functional group and structural elucidation of crude polysaccharides was also done using Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis. 28242914 4 50 theme functional 627:636 arg1 polysaccharides 680:694 crude polysaccharides 674:694 crude polysaccharides 674:694 The functional group and structural elucidation of crude polysaccharides was also done using Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis. 28242914 13 51 theme artificial 1715:1724 arg1 juice 1740:1744 artificial human gastric juice 1715:1744 artificial human gastric juice 1715:1744 DCR crude polysaccharides were highly resistant (88%) to hydrolysis when subjected to artificial human gastric juice. 28242914 1 52 theme polysaccharides 262:276 arg1 application 241:251 the potential application 227:251 the potential application 227:251 This paper reports on the extraction, partial characterization and the potential application of crude polysaccharides from defatted coconut residue as a prebiotic. 28242914 1 52 theme polysaccharides 262:276 arg1 extraction 186:195 extraction 186:195 extraction 186:195 This paper reports on the extraction, partial characterization and the potential application of crude polysaccharides from defatted coconut residue as a prebiotic. 28242914 1 52 theme polysaccharides 262:276 arg1 characterization 206:221 partial characterization 198:221 partial characterization 198:221 This paper reports on the extraction, partial characterization and the potential application of crude polysaccharides from defatted coconut residue as a prebiotic. 28242914 13 53 theme gastric 1732:1738 arg1 juice 1740:1744 artificial human gastric juice 1715:1744 artificial human gastric juice 1715:1744 DCR crude polysaccharides were highly resistant (88%) to hydrolysis when subjected to artificial human gastric juice. 28242914 1 54 from residue 300:306 arg1 application 241:251 the potential application 227:251 the potential application 227:251 This paper reports on the extraction, partial characterization and the potential application of crude polysaccharides from defatted coconut residue as a prebiotic. 28242914 1 54 from residue 300:306 arg1 polysaccharides 262:276 crude polysaccharides 256:276 crude polysaccharides from defatted coconut residue 256:306 This paper reports on the extraction, partial characterization and the potential application of crude polysaccharides from defatted coconut residue as a prebiotic. 28242914 1 54 from residue 300:306 arg1 extraction 186:195 extraction 186:195 extraction 186:195 This paper reports on the extraction, partial characterization and the potential application of crude polysaccharides from defatted coconut residue as a prebiotic. 28242914 1 54 from residue 300:306 arg1 characterization 206:221 partial characterization 198:221 partial characterization 198:221 This paper reports on the extraction, partial characterization and the potential application of crude polysaccharides from defatted coconut residue as a prebiotic. 28242914 6 55 theme in 876:877 arg1 proliferation 885:897 an in vitro proliferation 873:897 an in vitro proliferation 873:897 Finally, an in vitro proliferation and acid production by two probiotic bacteria namely Lactobacillus casei Shirota and Lactobacillus bulgaricus were included in this study. 28242914 3 56 theme sugar 568:572 arg1 concentration 574:586 reducing sugar concentration 559:586 reducing sugar concentration 559:586 The crude polysaccharides were assessed for monosaccharide composition, total carbohydrate content, reducing sugar concentration and protein content determination. 28242914 15 57 contain have 1967:1970 arg1 polysaccharides 1910:1924 polysaccharides 1910:1924 polysaccharides extracted from DCR, an industrial waste, 1910:1965 All the above findings are supportive of the fact that polysaccharides extracted from DCR, an industrial waste, have a vast potential to be exploited as novel prebiotics. 28242914 15 57 contain have 1967:1970 arg2 potential 1979:1987 a vast potential 1972:1987 a vast potential to be exploited as novel prebiotics 1972:2023 All the above findings are supportive of the fact that polysaccharides extracted from DCR, an industrial waste, have a vast potential to be exploited as novel prebiotics. 28242914 3 58 theme content 600:606 arg1 determination 608:620 protein content determination 592:620 protein content determination 592:620 The crude polysaccharides were assessed for monosaccharide composition, total carbohydrate content, reducing sugar concentration and protein content determination. 28242914 14 59 theme organic 1840:1846 arg1 acids 1848:1852 organic acids 1840:1852 organic acids 1840:1852 The product was found to markedly stimulate two tested probiotics to proliferate and produce organic acids. 28242914 12 60 theme amide 1594:1598 arg1 1640 cm-1 1583:1591 1640 cm-1 1583:1591 1640 cm-1 (amide I) 1583:1601 Protein content in the crude polysaccharides was 0.009% and the peaks which indicated the presence of protein were observed at around 1640 cm-1 (amide I) and 1530 cm-1 (amide II). 28242914 12 60 theme amide 1594:1598 arg1 I 1600:1600 amide I 1594:1600 amide I 1594:1600 Protein content in the crude polysaccharides was 0.009% and the peaks which indicated the presence of protein were observed at around 1640 cm-1 (amide I) and 1530 cm-1 (amide II). 28242914 0 61 theme probiotics 139:148 arg1 proliferation 98:110 proliferation 98:110 proliferation 98:110 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 28242914 0 61 theme probiotics 139:148 arg1 activity 127:134 acidifying activity 116:134 acidifying activity 116:134 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 28242914 1 62 theme partial 198:204 arg1 characterization 206:221 partial characterization 198:221 partial characterization 198:221 This paper reports on the extraction, partial characterization and the potential application of crude polysaccharides from defatted coconut residue as a prebiotic. 28242914 0 63 from study 72:76 arg1 proliferation 98:110 proliferation 98:110 proliferation 98:110 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 28242914 0 63 from study 72:76 arg1 activity 127:134 acidifying activity 116:134 acidifying activity 116:134 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 28242914 1 64 from characterization 206:221 arg1 residue 300:306 defatted coconut residue 283:306 defatted coconut residue 283:306 This paper reports on the extraction, partial characterization and the potential application of crude polysaccharides from defatted coconut residue as a prebiotic. 28242914 8 65 theme crude 1208:1212 arg1 polysaccharides 1214:1228 crude polysaccharides 1208:1228 crude polysaccharides extracted 1208:1238 The percentage of crude polysaccharides extracted was 0.73 ± 0.04. 28242914 14 66 theme tested 1795:1800 arg1 probiotics 1802:1811 two tested probiotics 1791:1811 two tested probiotics 1791:1811 The product was found to markedly stimulate two tested probiotics to proliferate and produce organic acids. 28242914 5 67 theme human 806:810 arg1 juice 820:824 human gastric juice 806:824 artificial human gastric juice treatment 795:834 The product was then subjected to artificial human gastric juice treatment to determine digestibility. 28242914 7 68 theme coconut 1069:1075 arg1 residue 1077:1083 the defatted coconut residue 1056:1083 the defatted coconut residue 1056:1083 It was found that the defatted coconut residue contained ash (0.54%), moisture (55.42%), protein (1.69%), crude fat (17.26%) and carbohydrate (25.73%). 28242914 5 69 theme artificial 795:804 arg1 treatment 826:834 artificial human gastric juice treatment 795:834 artificial human gastric juice treatment 795:834 The product was then subjected to artificial human gastric juice treatment to determine digestibility. 28242914 5 70 theme gastric 812:818 arg1 juice 820:824 human gastric juice 806:824 artificial human gastric juice treatment 795:834 The product was then subjected to artificial human gastric juice treatment to determine digestibility. 28242914 13 71 theme DCR 1629:1631 arg1 polysaccharides 1639:1653 DCR crude polysaccharides 1629:1653 DCR crude polysaccharides 1629:1653 DCR crude polysaccharides were highly resistant (88%) to hydrolysis when subjected to artificial human gastric juice. 28242914 11 72 theme reducing 1412:1419 arg1 sugars 1421:1426 the reducing sugars 1408:1426 the reducing sugars obtained 1408:1435 The quantitative value of the reducing sugars obtained was 20.71%. 28242914 3 73 theme crude 463:467 arg1 polysaccharides 469:483 The crude polysaccharides 459:483 The crude polysaccharides 459:483 The crude polysaccharides were assessed for monosaccharide composition, total carbohydrate content, reducing sugar concentration and protein content determination. 28242914 0 74 theme coconut 9:15 arg1 polysaccharides 31:45 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides 0:45 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 0:158 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 28242914 10 75 theme Total 1330:1334 arg1 content 1349:1355 Total carbohydrate content 1330:1355 Total carbohydrate content of DCR 1330:1362 Total carbohydrate content of DCR was 13.35% (w/v). 28242914 0 76 theme crude 25:29 arg1 polysaccharides 31:45 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides 0:45 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 0:158 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 28242914 1 77 theme coconut 292:298 arg1 residue 300:306 defatted coconut residue 283:306 defatted coconut residue 283:306 This paper reports on the extraction, partial characterization and the potential application of crude polysaccharides from defatted coconut residue as a prebiotic. 28242914 6 78 dep bacteria 936:943 arg1 Shirota 972:978 Lactobacillus casei Shirota 952:978 two probiotic bacteria namely Lactobacillus casei Shirota 922:978 Finally, an in vitro proliferation and acid production by two probiotic bacteria namely Lactobacillus casei Shirota and Lactobacillus bulgaricus were included in this study. 28242914 0 79 from activity 127:134 arg1 study 72:76 study 72:76 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 0:158 Defatted coconut residue crude polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: study of their effects on proliferation and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 28242914 10 80 theme DCR 1360:1362 arg1 content 1349:1355 Total carbohydrate content 1330:1355 Total carbohydrate content of DCR 1330:1362 Total carbohydrate content of DCR was 13.35% (w/v). 28242914 6 81 theme probiotic 926:934 arg1 bacteria 936:943 two probiotic bacteria 922:943 two probiotic bacteria namely Lactobacillus casei Shirota 922:978 Finally, an in vitro proliferation and acid production by two probiotic bacteria namely Lactobacillus casei Shirota and Lactobacillus bulgaricus were included in this study. 28242914 3 82 theme total 531:535 arg1 content 550:556 total carbohydrate content 531:556 total carbohydrate content 531:556 The crude polysaccharides were assessed for monosaccharide composition, total carbohydrate content, reducing sugar concentration and protein content determination. 28242914 15 83 theme novel 2008:2012 arg1 prebiotics 2014:2023 novel prebiotics 2008:2023 novel prebiotics 2008:2023 All the above findings are supportive of the fact that polysaccharides extracted from DCR, an industrial waste, have a vast potential to be exploited as novel prebiotics. 28242914 2 84 theme coconut 328:334 arg1 residue 336:342 The coconut residue 324:342 The coconut residue 324:342 The coconut residue was defatted and extracted to obtain the crude polysaccharides and its physicochemical properties were determined. 28242914 6 85 theme acid 903:906 arg1 production 908:917 acid production 903:917 acid production 903:917 Finally, an in vitro proliferation and acid production by two probiotic bacteria namely Lactobacillus casei Shirota and Lactobacillus bulgaricus were included in this study. 28242914 4 86 dep transform 724:732 arg1 infrared 734:741 infrared 734:741 transform infrared spectra analysis 724:758 The functional group and structural elucidation of crude polysaccharides was also done using Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis. 28242914 4 87 theme polysaccharides 680:694 arg1 group 638:642 functional group 627:642 functional group 627:642 The functional group and structural elucidation of crude polysaccharides was also done using Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis. 28242914 4 87 theme polysaccharides 680:694 arg1 elucidation 659:669 structural elucidation 648:669 structural elucidation 648:669 The functional group and structural elucidation of crude polysaccharides was also done using Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis. 28242914 4 87 theme polysaccharides 680:694 arg1 polysaccharides 680:694 crude polysaccharides 674:694 crude polysaccharides 674:694 The functional group and structural elucidation of crude polysaccharides was also done using Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis. 28242914 3 88 theme reducing 559:566 arg1 concentration 574:586 reducing sugar concentration 559:586 reducing sugar concentration 559:586 The crude polysaccharides were assessed for monosaccharide composition, total carbohydrate content, reducing sugar concentration and protein content determination. 29628261 2 0 theme oxide 716:720 arg1 production 722:731 nitric oxide production 709:731 nitric oxide production 709:731 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant powers and growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells were all diverse, with the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76%, while their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion showed relatively low variations. 29628261 2 1 with diverse 573:579 arg1 variable-coefficients 591:611 the variable-coefficients 587:611 the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76% 587:641 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant powers and growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells were all diverse, with the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76%, while their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion showed relatively low variations. 29628261 1 2 dep in 101:102 arg1 vitro 104:108 vitro 104:108 vitro 104:108 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties were evaluated and introduced into multiple linear regression analysis to explore the structure-activity relationships using their chromatographic fingerprint features as independent variables. 29628261 3 3 theme root 815:818 arg1 LRPs 837:840 LRPs 837:840 LRPs 837:840 Lotus root polysaccharides (LRPs) from the peels and nodes possessed stronger activities than those from the fleshes. 29628261 3 3 theme root 815:818 arg1 polysaccharides 820:834 Lotus root polysaccharides 809:834 Lotus root polysaccharides (LRPs) from the peels and nodes 809:866 Lotus root polysaccharides (LRPs) from the peels and nodes possessed stronger activities than those from the fleshes. 29628261 2 4 theme nitric 709:714 arg1 oxide 716:720 nitric oxide 709:720 nitric oxide production 709:731 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant powers and growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells were all diverse, with the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76%, while their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion showed relatively low variations. 29628261 1 5 theme lotus 170:174 arg1 varieties 181:189 13 lotus root varieties 167:189 13 lotus root varieties 167:189 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties were evaluated and introduced into multiple linear regression analysis to explore the structure-activity relationships using their chromatographic fingerprint features as independent variables. 29628261 3 6 contain possessed 868:876 arg1 LRPs 837:840 LRPs 837:840 LRPs 837:840 Lotus root polysaccharides (LRPs) from the peels and nodes possessed stronger activities than those from the fleshes. 29628261 3 6 contain possessed 868:876 arg1 polysaccharides 820:834 Lotus root polysaccharides 809:834 Lotus root polysaccharides (LRPs) from the peels and nodes 809:866 Lotus root polysaccharides (LRPs) from the peels and nodes possessed stronger activities than those from the fleshes. 29628261 3 6 contain possessed 868:876 arg2 activities 887:896 stronger activities 878:896 stronger activities 878:896 Lotus root polysaccharides (LRPs) from the peels and nodes possessed stronger activities than those from the fleshes. 29628261 1 7 theme structure-activity 277:294 arg1 relationships 296:308 the structure-activity relationships 273:308 the structure-activity relationships using their chromatographic fingerprint features as independent variables 273:382 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties were evaluated and introduced into multiple linear regression analysis to explore the structure-activity relationships using their chromatographic fingerprint features as independent variables. 29628261 5 8 theme health-improving 1091:1106 arg1 potentials 1108:1117 health-improving potentials 1091:1117 health-improving potentials 1091:1117 LRPs have health-improving potentials, and their activities can be partly predicted by the quantitative fingerprint-activity relationship model. 29628261 1 9 from parts 158:162 arg1 activities 110:119 The in vitro activities 97:119 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties 97:189 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties were evaluated and introduced into multiple linear regression analysis to explore the structure-activity relationships using their chromatographic fingerprint features as independent variables. 29628261 1 9 from parts 158:162 arg1 polysaccharides 127:141 39 polysaccharides 124:141 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties 124:189 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties were evaluated and introduced into multiple linear regression analysis to explore the structure-activity relationships using their chromatographic fingerprint features as independent variables. 29628261 2 10 theme 24.49 626:630 arg1 % 631:631 % 631:631 % 631:631 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant powers and growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells were all diverse, with the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76%, while their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion showed relatively low variations. 29628261 2 11 theme necrosis 743:750 arg1 factor-alpha 752:763 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 737:763 tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion 737:773 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant powers and growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells were all diverse, with the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76%, while their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion showed relatively low variations. 29628261 2 12 theme factor-alpha 752:763 arg1 secretion 765:773 tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion 737:773 tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion 737:773 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant powers and growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells were all diverse, with the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76%, while their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion showed relatively low variations. 29628261 1 13 theme root 176:179 arg1 varieties 181:189 13 lotus root varieties 167:189 13 lotus root varieties 167:189 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties were evaluated and introduced into multiple linear regression analysis to explore the structure-activity relationships using their chromatographic fingerprint features as independent variables. 29628261 2 14 theme tumor 737:741 arg1 factor-alpha 752:763 tumor necrosis factor-alpha 737:763 tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion 737:773 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant powers and growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells were all diverse, with the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76%, while their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion showed relatively low variations. 29628261 2 15 theme cancer 551:556 arg1 cells 558:562 HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells 533:562 cells 558:562 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant powers and growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells were all diverse, with the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76%, while their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion showed relatively low variations. 29628261 1 16 theme varieties 181:189 arg1 parts 158:162 different parts 148:162 different parts of 13 lotus root varieties 148:189 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties were evaluated and introduced into multiple linear regression analysis to explore the structure-activity relationships using their chromatographic fingerprint features as independent variables. 29628261 0 17 theme diversity 9:17 arg1 relationship 38:49 Activity diversity structure-activity relationship 0:49 Activity diversity structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides from lotus root varieties. 0:95 Activity diversity structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides from lotus root varieties. 29628261 1 18 theme in 101:102 arg1 activities 110:119 The in vitro activities 97:119 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties 97:189 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties were evaluated and introduced into multiple linear regression analysis to explore the structure-activity relationships using their chromatographic fingerprint features as independent variables. 29628261 2 19 theme antioxidant 476:486 arg1 powers 488:493 ferric reducing antioxidant powers 460:493 ferric reducing antioxidant powers 460:493 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant powers and growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells were all diverse, with the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76%, while their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion showed relatively low variations. 29628261 0 20 theme Activity 0:7 arg1 relationship 38:49 Activity diversity structure-activity relationship 0:49 Activity diversity structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides from lotus root varieties. 0:95 Activity diversity structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides from lotus root varieties. 29628261 4 21 theme monosaccharide 989:1002 arg1 composition 1004:1014 monosaccharide composition 989:1014 monosaccharide composition 989:1014 Their fingerprint-activity relationship models indicated that monosaccharide composition was closely related to the activities, but not molecular weight. 29628261 2 22 theme reducing 467:474 arg1 powers 488:493 ferric reducing antioxidant powers 460:493 ferric reducing antioxidant powers 460:493 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant powers and growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells were all diverse, with the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76%, while their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion showed relatively low variations. 29628261 2 23 theme SGC7901 543:549 arg1 cells 558:562 HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells 533:562 cells 558:562 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant powers and growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells were all diverse, with the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76%, while their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion showed relatively low variations. 29628261 3 24 theme stronger 878:885 arg1 activities 887:896 stronger activities 878:896 stronger activities 878:896 Lotus root polysaccharides (LRPs) from the peels and nodes possessed stronger activities than those from the fleshes. 29628261 2 25 theme low 793:795 arg1 variations 797:806 relatively low variations 782:806 relatively low variations 782:806 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant powers and growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells were all diverse, with the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76%, while their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion showed relatively low variations. 29628261 2 26 theme HepG2 533:537 arg1 cells 558:562 HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells 533:562 cells 558:562 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant powers and growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells were all diverse, with the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76%, while their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion showed relatively low variations. 29628261 0 27 theme structure-activity 19:36 arg1 relationship 38:49 Activity diversity structure-activity relationship 0:49 Activity diversity structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides from lotus root varieties. 0:95 Activity diversity structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides from lotus root varieties. 29628261 1 28 theme chromatographic 322:336 arg1 features 350:357 their chromatographic fingerprint features 316:357 their chromatographic fingerprint features 316:357 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties were evaluated and introduced into multiple linear regression analysis to explore the structure-activity relationships using their chromatographic fingerprint features as independent variables. 29628261 1 28 theme chromatographic 322:336 arg1 variables 374:382 independent variables 362:382 independent variables 362:382 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties were evaluated and introduced into multiple linear regression analysis to explore the structure-activity relationships using their chromatographic fingerprint features as independent variables. 29628261 4 29 theme molecular 1063:1071 arg1 weight 1073:1078 molecular weight 1063:1078 molecular weight 1063:1078 Their fingerprint-activity relationship models indicated that monosaccharide composition was closely related to the activities, but not molecular weight. 29628261 2 30 theme scavenging 438:447 arg1 abilities 449:457 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities 385:457 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities 385:457 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant powers and growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells were all diverse, with the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76%, while their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion showed relatively low variations. 29628261 0 31 theme polysaccharides 54:68 arg1 relationship 38:49 Activity diversity structure-activity relationship 0:49 Activity diversity structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides from lotus root varieties. 0:95 Activity diversity structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides from lotus root varieties. 29628261 1 32 theme fingerprint 338:348 arg1 features 350:357 their chromatographic fingerprint features 316:357 their chromatographic fingerprint features 316:357 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties were evaluated and introduced into multiple linear regression analysis to explore the structure-activity relationships using their chromatographic fingerprint features as independent variables. 29628261 1 32 theme fingerprint 338:348 arg1 variables 374:382 independent variables 362:382 independent variables 362:382 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties were evaluated and introduced into multiple linear regression analysis to explore the structure-activity relationships using their chromatographic fingerprint features as independent variables. 29628261 4 33 theme relationship 954:965 arg1 models 967:972 Their fingerprint-activity relationship models 927:972 Their fingerprint-activity relationship models 927:972 Their fingerprint-activity relationship models indicated that monosaccharide composition was closely related to the activities, but not molecular weight. 29628261 5 34 contain have 1086:1089 arg2 potentials 1108:1117 health-improving potentials 1091:1117 health-improving potentials 1091:1117 LRPs have health-improving potentials, and their activities can be partly predicted by the quantitative fingerprint-activity relationship model. 29628261 5 34 contain have 1086:1089 arg1 LRPs 1081:1084 LRPs 1081:1084 LRPs 1081:1084 LRPs have health-improving potentials, and their activities can be partly predicted by the quantitative fingerprint-activity relationship model. 29628261 2 35 theme 87.76 636:640 arg1 % 631:631 % 631:631 % 631:631 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant powers and growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells were all diverse, with the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76%, while their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion showed relatively low variations. 29628261 0 36 from varieties 86:94 arg1 polysaccharides 54:68 polysaccharides 54:68 polysaccharides from lotus root varieties 54:94 Activity diversity structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides from lotus root varieties. 29628261 0 36 from varieties 86:94 arg1 relationship 38:49 Activity diversity structure-activity relationship 0:49 Activity diversity structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides from lotus root varieties. 0:95 Activity diversity structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides from lotus root varieties. 29628261 4 37 theme fingerprint-activity 933:952 arg1 models 967:972 Their fingerprint-activity relationship models 927:972 Their fingerprint-activity relationship models 927:972 Their fingerprint-activity relationship models indicated that monosaccharide composition was closely related to the activities, but not molecular weight. 29628261 2 38 theme growth-inhibitory 499:515 arg1 effects 517:523 growth-inhibitory effects 499:523 growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells 499:562 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant powers and growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells were all diverse, with the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76%, while their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion showed relatively low variations. 29628261 1 39 theme multiple 226:233 arg1 analysis 253:260 multiple linear regression analysis 226:260 multiple linear regression analysis 226:260 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties were evaluated and introduced into multiple linear regression analysis to explore the structure-activity relationships using their chromatographic fingerprint features as independent variables. 29628261 0 40 theme lotus 75:79 arg1 varieties 86:94 lotus root varieties 75:94 lotus root varieties 75:94 Activity diversity structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides from lotus root varieties. 29628261 5 41 theme fingerprint-activity 1185:1204 arg1 model 1219:1223 the quantitative fingerprint-activity relationship model 1168:1223 the quantitative fingerprint-activity relationship model 1168:1223 LRPs have health-improving potentials, and their activities can be partly predicted by the quantitative fingerprint-activity relationship model. 29628261 2 42 theme radical 430:436 arg1 abilities 449:457 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities 385:457 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities 385:457 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant powers and growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells were all diverse, with the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76%, while their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion showed relatively low variations. 29628261 2 43 dep % 631:631 arg1 to 633:634 to 633:634 to 633:634 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant powers and growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells were all diverse, with the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76%, while their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion showed relatively low variations. 29628261 1 44 theme independent 362:372 arg1 features 350:357 their chromatographic fingerprint features 316:357 their chromatographic fingerprint features 316:357 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties were evaluated and introduced into multiple linear regression analysis to explore the structure-activity relationships using their chromatographic fingerprint features as independent variables. 29628261 1 44 theme independent 362:372 arg1 variables 374:382 independent variables 362:382 independent variables 362:382 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties were evaluated and introduced into multiple linear regression analysis to explore the structure-activity relationships using their chromatographic fingerprint features as independent variables. 29628261 2 45 theme immunostimulatory 667:683 arg1 activities 685:694 their macrophage immunostimulatory activities 650:694 their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion 650:773 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant powers and growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells were all diverse, with the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76%, while their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion showed relatively low variations. 29628261 5 46 theme relationship 1206:1217 arg1 model 1219:1223 the quantitative fingerprint-activity relationship model 1168:1223 the quantitative fingerprint-activity relationship model 1168:1223 LRPs have health-improving potentials, and their activities can be partly predicted by the quantitative fingerprint-activity relationship model. 29628261 3 47 from nodes 862:866 arg1 LRPs 837:840 LRPs 837:840 LRPs 837:840 Lotus root polysaccharides (LRPs) from the peels and nodes possessed stronger activities than those from the fleshes. 29628261 3 47 from nodes 862:866 arg1 polysaccharides 820:834 Lotus root polysaccharides 809:834 Lotus root polysaccharides (LRPs) from the peels and nodes 809:866 Lotus root polysaccharides (LRPs) from the peels and nodes possessed stronger activities than those from the fleshes. 29628261 1 48 theme polysaccharides 127:141 arg1 activities 110:119 The in vitro activities 97:119 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties 97:189 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties were evaluated and introduced into multiple linear regression analysis to explore the structure-activity relationships using their chromatographic fingerprint features as independent variables. 29628261 1 49 from activities 110:119 arg1 parts 158:162 different parts 148:162 different parts of 13 lotus root varieties 148:189 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties were evaluated and introduced into multiple linear regression analysis to explore the structure-activity relationships using their chromatographic fingerprint features as independent variables. 29628261 2 50 theme macrophage 656:665 arg1 activities 685:694 their macrophage immunostimulatory activities 650:694 their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion 650:773 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant powers and growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells were all diverse, with the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76%, while their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion showed relatively low variations. 29628261 3 51 theme Lotus 809:813 arg1 LRPs 837:840 LRPs 837:840 LRPs 837:840 Lotus root polysaccharides (LRPs) from the peels and nodes possessed stronger activities than those from the fleshes. 29628261 3 51 theme Lotus 809:813 arg1 polysaccharides 820:834 Lotus root polysaccharides 809:834 Lotus root polysaccharides (LRPs) from the peels and nodes 809:866 Lotus root polysaccharides (LRPs) from the peels and nodes possessed stronger activities than those from the fleshes. 29628261 5 52 theme quantitative 1172:1183 arg1 model 1219:1223 the quantitative fingerprint-activity relationship model 1168:1223 the quantitative fingerprint-activity relationship model 1168:1223 LRPs have health-improving potentials, and their activities can be partly predicted by the quantitative fingerprint-activity relationship model. 29628261 1 53 theme linear 235:240 arg1 analysis 253:260 multiple linear regression analysis 226:260 multiple linear regression analysis 226:260 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties were evaluated and introduced into multiple linear regression analysis to explore the structure-activity relationships using their chromatographic fingerprint features as independent variables. 29628261 1 54 theme different 148:156 arg1 parts 158:162 different parts 148:162 different parts of 13 lotus root varieties 148:189 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties were evaluated and introduced into multiple linear regression analysis to explore the structure-activity relationships using their chromatographic fingerprint features as independent variables. 29628261 1 55 theme regression 242:251 arg1 analysis 253:260 multiple linear regression analysis 226:260 multiple linear regression analysis 226:260 The in vitro activities of 39 polysaccharides from different parts of 13 lotus root varieties were evaluated and introduced into multiple linear regression analysis to explore the structure-activity relationships using their chromatographic fingerprint features as independent variables. 29628261 2 56 theme 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl 391:428 arg1 abilities 449:457 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities 385:457 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities 385:457 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant powers and growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells were all diverse, with the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76%, while their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion showed relatively low variations. 29628261 2 57 theme ferric 460:465 arg1 powers 488:493 ferric reducing antioxidant powers 460:493 ferric reducing antioxidant powers 460:493 Their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, ferric reducing antioxidant powers and growth-inhibitory effects against HepG2 and SGC7901 cancer cells were all diverse, with the variable-coefficients ranging from 24.49% to 87.76%, while their macrophage immunostimulatory activities evaluated by nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion showed relatively low variations. 29628261 0 58 theme root 81:84 arg1 varieties 86:94 lotus root varieties 75:94 lotus root varieties 75:94 Activity diversity structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides from lotus root varieties. 29628261 0 59 from relationship 38:49 arg1 varieties 86:94 lotus root varieties 75:94 lotus root varieties 75:94 Activity diversity structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides from lotus root varieties. 29628261 3 60 from peels 852:856 arg1 LRPs 837:840 LRPs 837:840 LRPs 837:840 Lotus root polysaccharides (LRPs) from the peels and nodes possessed stronger activities than those from the fleshes. 29628261 3 60 from peels 852:856 arg1 polysaccharides 820:834 Lotus root polysaccharides 809:834 Lotus root polysaccharides (LRPs) from the peels and nodes 809:866 Lotus root polysaccharides (LRPs) from the peels and nodes possessed stronger activities than those from the fleshes. 28322023 4 0 theme biomass 951:957 arg1 polysaccharides 847:861 model plant polysaccharides 835:861 model plant polysaccharides 835:861 Key genes were identified using the global gene response of the microbe to model plant polysaccharides and various types of unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass. 28322023 4 0 theme biomass 951:957 arg1 types 875:879 various types 867:879 various types of unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass 867:957 Key genes were identified using the global gene response of the microbe to model plant polysaccharides and various types of unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass. 28322023 3 1 theme biomass-deconstructing 555:576 arg1 microbe 578:584 the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe 545:584 the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe 545:584 Here, we propose using the transcriptomic response of the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, as a direct measure of how suitable a sample of plant biomass may be for fermentation based on the bioavailability of polysaccharides. 28322023 3 1 theme biomass-deconstructing 555:576 arg1 saccharolyticus 608:622 Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus 587:622 Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus 587:622 Here, we propose using the transcriptomic response of the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, as a direct measure of how suitable a sample of plant biomass may be for fermentation based on the bioavailability of polysaccharides. 28322023 0 2 theme modification 109:120 arg1 consequences 59:70 consequences 59:70 consequences of chemical pretreatment and genetic modification of lignocellulose 59:138 Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus transcriptomes reveal consequences of chemical pretreatment and genetic modification of lignocellulose. 28322023 4 3 theme plant 945:949 arg1 biomass 951:957 unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass 884:957 unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass 884:957 Key genes were identified using the global gene response of the microbe to model plant polysaccharides and various types of unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass. 28322023 3 4 theme microbe 578:584 arg1 measure 637:643 a direct measure 628:643 a direct measure of how suitable a sample of plant biomass may be for fermentation based on the bioavailability of polysaccharides 628:757 Here, we propose using the transcriptomic response of the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, as a direct measure of how suitable a sample of plant biomass may be for fermentation based on the bioavailability of polysaccharides. 28322023 3 4 theme microbe 578:584 arg1 response 533:540 the transcriptomic response 514:540 the transcriptomic response of the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, 514:623 Here, we propose using the transcriptomic response of the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, as a direct measure of how suitable a sample of plant biomass may be for fermentation based on the bioavailability of polysaccharides. 28322023 5 5 theme modified 1155:1162 arg1 biomass 1164:1170 chemically pretreated or genetically modified biomass 1118:1170 chemically pretreated or genetically modified biomass 1118:1170 While the majority of C. saccharolyticus genes responding were similar between plant biomasses; subtle differences were discernable, most importantly between chemically pretreated or genetically modified biomass that both exhibit similar levels of solubilization by the microbe. 28322023 6 6 theme new 1279:1281 arg1 paradigm 1283:1290 a new paradigm 1277:1290 a new paradigm for assessing plant-microbe interactions that can be deployed as a biological assay to report on the complexity and recalcitrance of plant biomass 1277:1437 Furthermore, the results here present a new paradigm for assessing plant-microbe interactions that can be deployed as a biological assay to report on the complexity and recalcitrance of plant biomass. 28322023 5 7 theme subtle 1056:1061 arg1 differences 1063:1073 subtle differences 1056:1073 subtle differences 1056:1073 While the majority of C. saccharolyticus genes responding were similar between plant biomasses; subtle differences were discernable, most importantly between chemically pretreated or genetically modified biomass that both exhibit similar levels of solubilization by the microbe. 28322023 0 8 theme lignocellulose 125:138 arg1 modification 109:120 chemical pretreatment and genetic modification 75:120 modification 109:120 Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus transcriptomes reveal consequences of chemical pretreatment and genetic modification of lignocellulose. 28322023 0 8 theme lignocellulose 125:138 arg1 pretreatment 84:95 chemical pretreatment and genetic modification 75:120 pretreatment 84:95 Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus transcriptomes reveal consequences of chemical pretreatment and genetic modification of lignocellulose. 28322023 5 9 theme solubilization 1208:1221 arg1 levels 1198:1203 similar levels 1190:1203 similar levels of solubilization by the microbe 1190:1236 While the majority of C. saccharolyticus genes responding were similar between plant biomasses; subtle differences were discernable, most importantly between chemically pretreated or genetically modified biomass that both exhibit similar levels of solubilization by the microbe. 28322023 4 10 theme microbe 824:830 arg1 response 808:815 the global gene response 792:815 the global gene response of the microbe to model plant polysaccharides and various types of unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass 792:957 Key genes were identified using the global gene response of the microbe to model plant polysaccharides and various types of unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass. 28322023 5 11 theme genes 1001:1005 arg1 majority 970:977 the majority 966:977 the majority of C. saccharolyticus genes responding 966:1016 While the majority of C. saccharolyticus genes responding were similar between plant biomasses; subtle differences were discernable, most importantly between chemically pretreated or genetically modified biomass that both exhibit similar levels of solubilization by the microbe. 28322023 5 11 theme genes 1001:1005 arg1 similar 1023:1029 similar 1023:1029 similar 1023:1029 While the majority of C. saccharolyticus genes responding were similar between plant biomasses; subtle differences were discernable, most importantly between chemically pretreated or genetically modified biomass that both exhibit similar levels of solubilization by the microbe. 28322023 3 12 theme transcriptomic 518:531 arg1 measure 637:643 a direct measure 628:643 a direct measure of how suitable a sample of plant biomass may be for fermentation based on the bioavailability of polysaccharides 628:757 Here, we propose using the transcriptomic response of the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, as a direct measure of how suitable a sample of plant biomass may be for fermentation based on the bioavailability of polysaccharides. 28322023 3 12 theme transcriptomic 518:531 arg1 response 533:540 the transcriptomic response 514:540 the transcriptomic response of the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, 514:623 Here, we propose using the transcriptomic response of the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, as a direct measure of how suitable a sample of plant biomass may be for fermentation based on the bioavailability of polysaccharides. 28322023 4 13 theme plant 841:845 arg1 polysaccharides 847:861 model plant polysaccharides 835:861 model plant polysaccharides 835:861 Key genes were identified using the global gene response of the microbe to model plant polysaccharides and various types of unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass. 28322023 1 14 theme feasible 208:215 arg1 production 236:245 commercially feasible cellulosic biofuel production 195:245 commercially feasible cellulosic biofuel production 195:245 Recalcitrance of plant biomass is a major barrier for commercially feasible cellulosic biofuel production. 28322023 6 15 dep complexity 1393:1402 arg1 the 1389:1391 the 1389:1391 the 1389:1391 Furthermore, the results here present a new paradigm for assessing plant-microbe interactions that can be deployed as a biological assay to report on the complexity and recalcitrance of plant biomass. 28322023 2 16 theme carbohydrate 327:338 arg1 composition 340:350 carbohydrate composition 327:350 carbohydrate composition 327:350 Chemical and enzymatic assays have been developed to measure recalcitrance and carbohydrate composition; however, none of these assays can directly report which polysaccharides a candidate microbe will sense during growth on these substrates. 28322023 1 17 theme cellulosic 217:226 arg1 production 236:245 commercially feasible cellulosic biofuel production 195:245 commercially feasible cellulosic biofuel production 195:245 Recalcitrance of plant biomass is a major barrier for commercially feasible cellulosic biofuel production. 28322023 0 18 theme saccharolyticus 21:35 arg1 transcriptomes 37:50 Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus transcriptomes 0:50 Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus transcriptomes 0:50 Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus transcriptomes reveal consequences of chemical pretreatment and genetic modification of lignocellulose. 28322023 1 19 theme biofuel 228:234 arg1 production 236:245 commercially feasible cellulosic biofuel production 195:245 commercially feasible cellulosic biofuel production 195:245 Recalcitrance of plant biomass is a major barrier for commercially feasible cellulosic biofuel production. 28322023 0 20 theme Caldicellulosiruptor 0:19 arg1 transcriptomes 37:50 Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus transcriptomes 0:50 Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus transcriptomes 0:50 Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus transcriptomes reveal consequences of chemical pretreatment and genetic modification of lignocellulose. 28322023 6 21 theme biological 1359:1368 arg1 assay 1370:1374 a biological assay 1357:1374 a biological assay 1357:1374 Furthermore, the results here present a new paradigm for assessing plant-microbe interactions that can be deployed as a biological assay to report on the complexity and recalcitrance of plant biomass. 28322023 6 21 theme biological 1359:1368 arg1 interactions 1320:1331 plant-microbe interactions 1306:1331 plant-microbe interactions that can be deployed as a biological assay to report on the complexity and recalcitrance of plant biomass 1306:1437 Furthermore, the results here present a new paradigm for assessing plant-microbe interactions that can be deployed as a biological assay to report on the complexity and recalcitrance of plant biomass. 28322023 4 22 theme gene 803:806 arg1 response 808:815 the global gene response 792:815 the global gene response of the microbe to model plant polysaccharides and various types of unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass 792:957 Key genes were identified using the global gene response of the microbe to model plant polysaccharides and various types of unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass. 28322023 3 23 theme direct 630:635 arg1 measure 637:643 a direct measure 628:643 a direct measure of how suitable a sample of plant biomass may be for fermentation based on the bioavailability of polysaccharides 628:757 Here, we propose using the transcriptomic response of the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, as a direct measure of how suitable a sample of plant biomass may be for fermentation based on the bioavailability of polysaccharides. 28322023 3 23 theme direct 630:635 arg1 response 533:540 the transcriptomic response 514:540 the transcriptomic response of the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, 514:623 Here, we propose using the transcriptomic response of the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, as a direct measure of how suitable a sample of plant biomass may be for fermentation based on the bioavailability of polysaccharides. 28322023 5 24 theme plant 1039:1043 arg1 biomasses 1045:1053 plant biomasses 1039:1053 plant biomasses 1039:1053 While the majority of C. saccharolyticus genes responding were similar between plant biomasses; subtle differences were discernable, most importantly between chemically pretreated or genetically modified biomass that both exhibit similar levels of solubilization by the microbe. 28322023 5 25 theme C. saccharolyticus 982:999 arg1 genes 1001:1005 C. saccharolyticus genes 982:1005 C. saccharolyticus genes responding 982:1016 While the majority of C. saccharolyticus genes responding were similar between plant biomasses; subtle differences were discernable, most importantly between chemically pretreated or genetically modified biomass that both exhibit similar levels of solubilization by the microbe. 28322023 1 26 theme major 177:181 arg1 barrier 183:189 a major barrier 175:189 a major barrier for commercially feasible cellulosic biofuel production 175:245 Recalcitrance of plant biomass is a major barrier for commercially feasible cellulosic biofuel production. 28322023 1 26 theme major 177:181 arg1 Recalcitrance 141:153 Recalcitrance 141:153 Recalcitrance of plant biomass 141:170 Recalcitrance of plant biomass is a major barrier for commercially feasible cellulosic biofuel production. 28322023 3 27 theme plant 549:553 arg1 microbe 578:584 the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe 545:584 the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe 545:584 Here, we propose using the transcriptomic response of the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, as a direct measure of how suitable a sample of plant biomass may be for fermentation based on the bioavailability of polysaccharides. 28322023 3 27 theme plant 549:553 arg1 saccharolyticus 608:622 Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus 587:622 Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus 587:622 Here, we propose using the transcriptomic response of the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, as a direct measure of how suitable a sample of plant biomass may be for fermentation based on the bioavailability of polysaccharides. 28322023 5 28 theme similar 1190:1196 arg1 levels 1198:1203 similar levels 1190:1203 similar levels of solubilization by the microbe 1190:1236 While the majority of C. saccharolyticus genes responding were similar between plant biomasses; subtle differences were discernable, most importantly between chemically pretreated or genetically modified biomass that both exhibit similar levels of solubilization by the microbe. 28322023 4 29 theme unpretreated 884:895 arg1 biomass 951:957 unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass 884:957 unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass 884:957 Key genes were identified using the global gene response of the microbe to model plant polysaccharides and various types of unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass. 28322023 6 30 theme plant-microbe 1306:1318 arg1 interactions 1320:1331 plant-microbe interactions 1306:1331 plant-microbe interactions that can be deployed as a biological assay to report on the complexity and recalcitrance of plant biomass 1306:1437 Furthermore, the results here present a new paradigm for assessing plant-microbe interactions that can be deployed as a biological assay to report on the complexity and recalcitrance of plant biomass. 28322023 6 30 theme plant-microbe 1306:1318 arg1 assay 1370:1374 a biological assay 1357:1374 a biological assay 1357:1374 Furthermore, the results here present a new paradigm for assessing plant-microbe interactions that can be deployed as a biological assay to report on the complexity and recalcitrance of plant biomass. 28322023 4 31 dep unpretreated 884:895 arg1 pretreated 909:918 pretreated 909:918 pretreated 909:918 Key genes were identified using the global gene response of the microbe to model plant polysaccharides and various types of unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass. 28322023 4 31 dep unpretreated 884:895 arg1 modified 936:943 modified 936:943 modified 936:943 Key genes were identified using the global gene response of the microbe to model plant polysaccharides and various types of unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass. 28322023 4 32 theme Key 760:762 arg1 genes 764:768 Key genes 760:768 Key genes 760:768 Key genes were identified using the global gene response of the microbe to model plant polysaccharides and various types of unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass. 28322023 5 33 theme pretreated 1129:1138 arg1 biomass 1164:1170 chemically pretreated or genetically modified biomass 1118:1170 chemically pretreated or genetically modified biomass 1118:1170 While the majority of C. saccharolyticus genes responding were similar between plant biomasses; subtle differences were discernable, most importantly between chemically pretreated or genetically modified biomass that both exhibit similar levels of solubilization by the microbe. 28322023 0 34 theme pretreatment 84:95 arg1 consequences 59:70 consequences 59:70 consequences of chemical pretreatment and genetic modification of lignocellulose 59:138 Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus transcriptomes reveal consequences of chemical pretreatment and genetic modification of lignocellulose. 28322023 6 35 theme biomass 1431:1437 arg1 recalcitrance 1408:1420 recalcitrance 1408:1420 recalcitrance 1408:1420 Furthermore, the results here present a new paradigm for assessing plant-microbe interactions that can be deployed as a biological assay to report on the complexity and recalcitrance of plant biomass. 28322023 6 35 theme biomass 1431:1437 arg1 complexity 1393:1402 complexity 1393:1402 complexity 1393:1402 Furthermore, the results here present a new paradigm for assessing plant-microbe interactions that can be deployed as a biological assay to report on the complexity and recalcitrance of plant biomass. 28322023 3 36 theme suitable 652:659 arg1 sample 663:668 suitable a sample 652:668 suitable a sample of plant biomass 652:685 Here, we propose using the transcriptomic response of the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, as a direct measure of how suitable a sample of plant biomass may be for fermentation based on the bioavailability of polysaccharides. 28322023 1 37 theme plant 158:162 arg1 biomass 164:170 plant biomass 158:170 plant biomass 158:170 Recalcitrance of plant biomass is a major barrier for commercially feasible cellulosic biofuel production. 28322023 0 38 theme chemical 75:82 arg1 pretreatment 84:95 chemical pretreatment and genetic modification 75:120 pretreatment 84:95 Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus transcriptomes reveal consequences of chemical pretreatment and genetic modification of lignocellulose. 28322023 6 39 theme plant 1425:1429 arg1 biomass 1431:1437 plant biomass 1425:1437 plant biomass 1425:1437 Furthermore, the results here present a new paradigm for assessing plant-microbe interactions that can be deployed as a biological assay to report on the complexity and recalcitrance of plant biomass. 28322023 2 40 theme enzymatic 261:269 arg1 assays 271:276 Chemical and enzymatic assays 248:276 Chemical and enzymatic assays 248:276 Chemical and enzymatic assays have been developed to measure recalcitrance and carbohydrate composition; however, none of these assays can directly report which polysaccharides a candidate microbe will sense during growth on these substrates. 28322023 3 41 theme a 661:661 arg1 sample 663:668 suitable a sample 652:668 suitable a sample of plant biomass 652:685 Here, we propose using the transcriptomic response of the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, as a direct measure of how suitable a sample of plant biomass may be for fermentation based on the bioavailability of polysaccharides. 28322023 1 42 theme biomass 164:170 arg1 barrier 183:189 a major barrier 175:189 a major barrier for commercially feasible cellulosic biofuel production 175:245 Recalcitrance of plant biomass is a major barrier for commercially feasible cellulosic biofuel production. 28322023 1 42 theme biomass 164:170 arg1 Recalcitrance 141:153 Recalcitrance 141:153 Recalcitrance of plant biomass 141:170 Recalcitrance of plant biomass is a major barrier for commercially feasible cellulosic biofuel production. 28322023 4 43 theme various 867:873 arg1 types 875:879 various types 867:879 various types of unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass 867:957 Key genes were identified using the global gene response of the microbe to model plant polysaccharides and various types of unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass. 28322023 3 44 theme polysaccharides 743:757 arg1 bioavailability 724:738 the bioavailability 720:738 the bioavailability of polysaccharides 720:757 Here, we propose using the transcriptomic response of the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, as a direct measure of how suitable a sample of plant biomass may be for fermentation based on the bioavailability of polysaccharides. 28322023 4 45 theme global 796:801 arg1 response 808:815 the global gene response 792:815 the global gene response of the microbe to model plant polysaccharides and various types of unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass 792:957 Key genes were identified using the global gene response of the microbe to model plant polysaccharides and various types of unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass. 28322023 4 46 theme model 835:839 arg1 polysaccharides 847:861 model plant polysaccharides 835:861 model plant polysaccharides 835:861 Key genes were identified using the global gene response of the microbe to model plant polysaccharides and various types of unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass. 28322023 2 47 theme Chemical 248:255 arg1 assays 271:276 Chemical and enzymatic assays 248:276 Chemical and enzymatic assays 248:276 Chemical and enzymatic assays have been developed to measure recalcitrance and carbohydrate composition; however, none of these assays can directly report which polysaccharides a candidate microbe will sense during growth on these substrates. 28322023 2 48 theme assays 376:381 arg1 none 362:365 none 362:365 none of these assays 362:381 Chemical and enzymatic assays have been developed to measure recalcitrance and carbohydrate composition; however, none of these assays can directly report which polysaccharides a candidate microbe will sense during growth on these substrates. 28322023 0 49 theme genetic 101:107 arg1 modification 109:120 chemical pretreatment and genetic modification 75:120 modification 109:120 Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus transcriptomes reveal consequences of chemical pretreatment and genetic modification of lignocellulose. 28322023 3 50 theme plant 673:677 arg1 biomass 679:685 plant biomass 673:685 plant biomass 673:685 Here, we propose using the transcriptomic response of the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, as a direct measure of how suitable a sample of plant biomass may be for fermentation based on the bioavailability of polysaccharides. 28322023 2 51 from growth 463:468 arg1 substrates 479:488 these substrates 473:488 these substrates 473:488 Chemical and enzymatic assays have been developed to measure recalcitrance and carbohydrate composition; however, none of these assays can directly report which polysaccharides a candidate microbe will sense during growth on these substrates. 28322023 2 52 theme candidate 427:435 arg1 microbe 437:443 a candidate microbe 425:443 a candidate microbe 425:443 Chemical and enzymatic assays have been developed to measure recalcitrance and carbohydrate composition; however, none of these assays can directly report which polysaccharides a candidate microbe will sense during growth on these substrates. 28322023 3 53 theme biomass 679:685 arg1 sample 663:668 suitable a sample 652:668 suitable a sample of plant biomass 652:685 Here, we propose using the transcriptomic response of the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, as a direct measure of how suitable a sample of plant biomass may be for fermentation based on the bioavailability of polysaccharides. 28322023 3 54 theme Caldicellulosiruptor 587:606 arg1 microbe 578:584 the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe 545:584 the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe 545:584 Here, we propose using the transcriptomic response of the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, as a direct measure of how suitable a sample of plant biomass may be for fermentation based on the bioavailability of polysaccharides. 28322023 3 54 theme Caldicellulosiruptor 587:606 arg1 saccharolyticus 608:622 Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus 587:622 Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus 587:622 Here, we propose using the transcriptomic response of the plant biomass-deconstructing microbe, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, as a direct measure of how suitable a sample of plant biomass may be for fermentation based on the bioavailability of polysaccharides. 26872019 9 0 theme OVA-specific 1652:1663 arg1 levels 1669:1674 serum OVA-specific IgE levels 1646:1674 serum OVA-specific IgE levels 1646:1674 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 1 1 with association 235:245 arg1 changes 260:266 dietary changes 252:266 dietary changes including reduced consumption of fiber 252:305 BACKGROUND Recently, academic studies suggest that global growth of airway allergic disease has a close association with dietary changes including reduced consumption of fiber. 26872019 1 1 with association 235:245 arg1 consumption 286:296 reduced consumption 278:296 reduced consumption of fiber 278:305 BACKGROUND Recently, academic studies suggest that global growth of airway allergic disease has a close association with dietary changes including reduced consumption of fiber. 26872019 9 2 from pathology 1542:1550 arg1 mucosa 1619:1624 the nasal mucosa 1609:1624 the nasal mucosa 1609:1624 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 9 2 from pathology 1542:1550 arg1 lung 1630:1633 lung 1630:1633 lung 1630:1633 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 9 3 theme goblet 1583:1588 arg1 metaplasia 1595:1604 goblet cell metaplasia 1583:1604 goblet cell metaplasia 1583:1604 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 4 4 theme mice 670:673 arg1 mice 670:673 mice 670:673 mice 670:673 METHODS The control mice and AAD model mice fed with 4% standard-fiber chow, while low-fiber group of mice fed with a 1.75% low-fiber chow. 26872019 4 4 theme mice 670:673 arg1 group 661:665 low-fiber group 651:665 low-fiber group of mice 651:673 METHODS The control mice and AAD model mice fed with 4% standard-fiber chow, while low-fiber group of mice fed with a 1.75% low-fiber chow. 26872019 5 5 theme fermentable 852:862 arg1 cellulose 864:872 poorly fermentable cellulose 845:872 poorly fermentable cellulose 845:872 The two fiber-intervened groups including mice, apart from a standard-fiber diet, were also intragastric (i.g.) administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively. 26872019 8 6 theme bacterial 1165:1173 arg1 composition 1175:1185 intestinal bacterial composition 1154:1185 intestinal bacterial composition 1154:1185 The variation in intestinal bacterial composition was assessed by qualitative analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in fecal samples using real-time PCR. 26872019 8 7 theme DNA 1241:1243 arg1 content 1252:1258 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content 1227:1258 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in fecal samples using real-time PCR 1227:1295 The variation in intestinal bacterial composition was assessed by qualitative analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in fecal samples using real-time PCR. 26872019 2 8 theme dietary 331:337 arg1 supplementation 345:359 appropriate dietary fiber supplementation 319:359 appropriate dietary fiber supplementation 319:359 Therefore, appropriate dietary fiber supplementation might be potential to prevent airway allergic disease (AAD). 26872019 1 9 theme airway 199:204 arg1 disease 215:221 airway allergic disease 199:221 airway allergic disease 199:221 BACKGROUND Recently, academic studies suggest that global growth of airway allergic disease has a close association with dietary changes including reduced consumption of fiber. 26872019 9 10 theme cell 1590:1593 arg1 metaplasia 1595:1604 goblet cell metaplasia 1583:1604 goblet cell metaplasia 1583:1604 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 1 11 theme disease 215:221 arg1 growth 189:194 global growth 182:194 global growth of airway allergic disease 182:221 BACKGROUND Recently, academic studies suggest that global growth of airway allergic disease has a close association with dietary changes including reduced consumption of fiber. 26872019 9 12 theme cytokines 1707:1715 arg1 levels 1693:1698 the levels 1689:1698 the levels of Th2 cytokines 1689:1715 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 8 13 theme content 1252:1258 arg1 analysis 1215:1222 qualitative analysis 1203:1222 qualitative analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in fecal samples using real-time PCR 1203:1295 The variation in intestinal bacterial composition was assessed by qualitative analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in fecal samples using real-time PCR. 26872019 8 14 theme fecal 1263:1267 arg1 samples 1269:1275 fecal samples 1263:1275 fecal samples using real-time PCR 1263:1295 The variation in intestinal bacterial composition was assessed by qualitative analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in fecal samples using real-time PCR. 26872019 9 15 theme rubbing 1506:1512 arg1 symptoms 1488:1495 allergic symptoms 1479:1495 allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing 1479:1525 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 8 16 from content 1252:1258 arg1 samples 1269:1275 fecal samples 1263:1275 fecal samples using real-time PCR 1263:1295 The variation in intestinal bacterial composition was assessed by qualitative analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in fecal samples using real-time PCR. 26872019 5 17 theme daily 913:917 arg1 weight 924:929 daily body weight 913:929 daily body weight 913:929 The two fiber-intervened groups including mice, apart from a standard-fiber diet, were also intragastric (i.g.) administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively. 26872019 12 18 theme novel 2362:2366 arg1 preventive 2368:2377 novel preventive 2362:2377 novel preventive 2362:2377 CONCLUSION Long-term deficiency of dietary fiber intake increases the susceptibility to AAD, whereas proper fiber supplementation promotes effectively the balance of Th1/Th2 immunity and then attenuates allergic inflammatory responses significantly, as well as optimizes the structure of intestinal microbiota, which suggests potential for novel preventive and therapeutic intervention. 26872019 4 19 theme 1.75 686:689 arg1 % 690:690 % 690:690 % 690:690 METHODS The control mice and AAD model mice fed with 4% standard-fiber chow, while low-fiber group of mice fed with a 1.75% low-fiber chow. 26872019 0 20 theme Ovalbumin-Induced 66:82 arg1 Inflammation 100:111 Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation 66:111 Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model 66:128 Dietary Fiber Intake Regulates Intestinal Microflora and Inhibits Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model. 26872019 10 21 theme fiber 1795:1799 arg1 intake 1801:1806 dietary fiber intake 1787:1806 dietary fiber intake 1787:1806 Additionally, dietary fiber intake also increased the proportion of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, and decreased Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. 26872019 5 22 theme fermentable 885:895 arg1 pectin 897:902 readily fermentable pectin 877:902 readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight) 877:930 The two fiber-intervened groups including mice, apart from a standard-fiber diet, were also intragastric (i.g.) administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively. 26872019 12 23 theme microbiota 2321:2330 arg1 structure 2297:2305 the structure 2293:2305 the structure 2293:2305 CONCLUSION Long-term deficiency of dietary fiber intake increases the susceptibility to AAD, whereas proper fiber supplementation promotes effectively the balance of Th1/Th2 immunity and then attenuates allergic inflammatory responses significantly, as well as optimizes the structure of intestinal microbiota, which suggests potential for novel preventive and therapeutic intervention. 26872019 4 24 theme low-fiber 692:700 arg1 chow 702:705 a 1.75% low-fiber chow 684:705 a 1.75% low-fiber chow 684:705 METHODS The control mice and AAD model mice fed with 4% standard-fiber chow, while low-fiber group of mice fed with a 1.75% low-fiber chow. 26872019 0 25 theme Airway 93:98 arg1 Inflammation 100:111 Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation 66:111 Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model 66:128 Dietary Fiber Intake Regulates Intestinal Microflora and Inhibits Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model. 26872019 9 26 theme eosinophil 1555:1564 arg1 infiltration 1566:1577 eosinophil infiltration 1555:1577 eosinophil infiltration 1555:1577 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 9 27 theme sneezing 1518:1525 arg1 symptoms 1488:1495 allergic symptoms 1479:1495 allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing 1479:1525 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 11 28 theme probiotic 1930:1938 arg1 bacteria 1940:1947 probiotic bacteria 1930:1947 probiotic bacteria 1930:1947 Levels of probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, were upgraded significantly. 26872019 11 28 theme probiotic 1930:1938 arg1 Bifidobacterium 1976:1990 Bifidobacterium 1976:1990 Bifidobacterium 1976:1990 Levels of probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, were upgraded significantly. 26872019 11 28 theme probiotic 1930:1938 arg1 Lactobacillus 1958:1970 Lactobacillus 1958:1970 Lactobacillus 1958:1970 Levels of probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, were upgraded significantly. 26872019 3 29 theme fiber 464:468 arg1 intake 470:475 dietary fiber intake 456:475 dietary fiber intake 456:475 OBJECTIVE We investigated whether dietary fiber intake suppressed the induction of AAD and tried to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. 26872019 0 30 theme Mouse 118:122 arg1 Model 124:128 a Mouse Model 116:128 a Mouse Model 116:128 Dietary Fiber Intake Regulates Intestinal Microflora and Inhibits Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model. 26872019 6 31 theme airway 1040:1045 arg1 inflammation 1056:1067 airway allergic inflammation 1040:1067 airway allergic inflammation 1040:1067 All animals except normal mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to induce airway allergic inflammation. 26872019 5 32 dep pectin 897:902 arg1 % 908:908 0.4% 905:908 0.4% of daily body weight 905:929 The two fiber-intervened groups including mice, apart from a standard-fiber diet, were also intragastric (i.g.) administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively. 26872019 5 32 dep pectin 897:902 arg1 weight 924:929 daily body weight 913:929 daily body weight 913:929 The two fiber-intervened groups including mice, apart from a standard-fiber diet, were also intragastric (i.g.) administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively. 26872019 0 33 theme Dietary 0:6 arg1 Intake 14:19 Dietary Fiber Intake 0:19 Dietary Fiber Intake 0:19 Dietary Fiber Intake Regulates Intestinal Microflora and Inhibits Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model. 26872019 9 34 theme Low-fiber 1306:1314 arg1 diet 1316:1319 RESULTS Low-fiber diet 1298:1319 RESULTS Low-fiber diet 1298:1319 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 5 35 theme weight 924:929 arg1 % 908:908 0.4% 905:908 0.4% of daily body weight 905:929 The two fiber-intervened groups including mice, apart from a standard-fiber diet, were also intragastric (i.g.) administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively. 26872019 5 35 theme weight 924:929 arg1 weight 924:929 daily body weight 913:929 daily body weight 913:929 The two fiber-intervened groups including mice, apart from a standard-fiber diet, were also intragastric (i.g.) administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively. 26872019 4 36 theme control 580:586 arg1 mice 588:591 The control mice 576:591 The control mice 576:591 METHODS The control mice and AAD model mice fed with 4% standard-fiber chow, while low-fiber group of mice fed with a 1.75% low-fiber chow. 26872019 12 37 theme fiber 2065:2069 arg1 intake 2071:2076 dietary fiber intake 2057:2076 dietary fiber intake 2057:2076 CONCLUSION Long-term deficiency of dietary fiber intake increases the susceptibility to AAD, whereas proper fiber supplementation promotes effectively the balance of Th1/Th2 immunity and then attenuates allergic inflammatory responses significantly, as well as optimizes the structure of intestinal microbiota, which suggests potential for novel preventive and therapeutic intervention. 26872019 8 38 theme 16S 1227:1229 arg1 content 1252:1258 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content 1227:1258 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in fecal samples using real-time PCR 1227:1295 The variation in intestinal bacterial composition was assessed by qualitative analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in fecal samples using real-time PCR. 26872019 0 39 theme Intestinal 31:40 arg1 Microflora 42:51 Intestinal Microflora 31:51 Intestinal Microflora 31:51 Dietary Fiber Intake Regulates Intestinal Microflora and Inhibits Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model. 26872019 9 40 theme nasal 1613:1617 arg1 mucosa 1619:1624 the nasal mucosa 1609:1624 the nasal mucosa 1609:1624 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 12 41 theme allergic 2225:2232 arg1 responses 2247:2255 allergic inflammatory responses 2225:2255 allergic inflammatory responses 2225:2255 CONCLUSION Long-term deficiency of dietary fiber intake increases the susceptibility to AAD, whereas proper fiber supplementation promotes effectively the balance of Th1/Th2 immunity and then attenuates allergic inflammatory responses significantly, as well as optimizes the structure of intestinal microbiota, which suggests potential for novel preventive and therapeutic intervention. 26872019 9 42 theme ovalbumin-induced 1357:1373 arg1 mice 1384:1387 ovalbumin-induced allergic mice 1357:1387 ovalbumin-induced allergic mice 1357:1387 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 1 43 contain has 223:225 arg1 growth 189:194 global growth 182:194 global growth of airway allergic disease 182:221 BACKGROUND Recently, academic studies suggest that global growth of airway allergic disease has a close association with dietary changes including reduced consumption of fiber. 26872019 1 43 contain has 223:225 arg2 association 235:245 a close association 227:245 a close association with dietary changes including reduced consumption of fiber 227:305 BACKGROUND Recently, academic studies suggest that global growth of airway allergic disease has a close association with dietary changes including reduced consumption of fiber. 26872019 3 44 theme AAD 505:507 arg1 induction 492:500 the induction 488:500 the induction of AAD 488:507 OBJECTIVE We investigated whether dietary fiber intake suppressed the induction of AAD and tried to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. 26872019 1 45 theme close 229:233 arg1 association 235:245 a close association 227:245 a close association with dietary changes including reduced consumption of fiber 227:305 BACKGROUND Recently, academic studies suggest that global growth of airway allergic disease has a close association with dietary changes including reduced consumption of fiber. 26872019 12 46 theme dietary 2057:2063 arg1 intake 2071:2076 dietary fiber intake 2057:2076 dietary fiber intake 2057:2076 CONCLUSION Long-term deficiency of dietary fiber intake increases the susceptibility to AAD, whereas proper fiber supplementation promotes effectively the balance of Th1/Th2 immunity and then attenuates allergic inflammatory responses significantly, as well as optimizes the structure of intestinal microbiota, which suggests potential for novel preventive and therapeutic intervention. 26872019 4 47 theme 4 621:621 arg1 % 622:622 % 622:622 % 622:622 METHODS The control mice and AAD model mice fed with 4% standard-fiber chow, while low-fiber group of mice fed with a 1.75% low-fiber chow. 26872019 12 48 theme immunity 2196:2203 arg1 balance 2177:2183 the balance 2173:2183 the balance of Th1/Th2 immunity 2173:2203 CONCLUSION Long-term deficiency of dietary fiber intake increases the susceptibility to AAD, whereas proper fiber supplementation promotes effectively the balance of Th1/Th2 immunity and then attenuates allergic inflammatory responses significantly, as well as optimizes the structure of intestinal microbiota, which suggests potential for novel preventive and therapeutic intervention. 26872019 3 49 theme possible 536:543 arg1 mechanisms 556:565 the possible underlying mechanisms 532:565 the possible underlying mechanisms 532:565 OBJECTIVE We investigated whether dietary fiber intake suppressed the induction of AAD and tried to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. 26872019 9 50 theme allergic 1448:1455 arg1 responses 1457:1465 the allergic responses 1444:1465 the allergic responses 1444:1465 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 12 51 theme CONCLUSION 2022:2031 arg1 deficiency 2043:2052 CONCLUSION Long-term deficiency 2022:2052 CONCLUSION Long-term deficiency of dietary fiber intake 2022:2076 CONCLUSION Long-term deficiency of dietary fiber intake increases the susceptibility to AAD, whereas proper fiber supplementation promotes effectively the balance of Th1/Th2 immunity and then attenuates allergic inflammatory responses significantly, as well as optimizes the structure of intestinal microbiota, which suggests potential for novel preventive and therapeutic intervention. 26872019 9 52 theme serum 1646:1650 arg1 levels 1669:1674 serum OVA-specific IgE levels 1646:1674 serum OVA-specific IgE levels 1646:1674 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 4 53 theme standard-fiber 624:637 arg1 chow 639:642 4% standard-fiber chow 621:642 4% standard-fiber chow 621:642 METHODS The control mice and AAD model mice fed with 4% standard-fiber chow, while low-fiber group of mice fed with a 1.75% low-fiber chow. 26872019 9 54 theme fiber 1406:1410 arg1 intake 1412:1417 dietary fiber intake 1398:1417 dietary fiber intake 1398:1417 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 9 55 theme IgE 1665:1667 arg1 levels 1669:1674 serum OVA-specific IgE levels 1646:1674 serum OVA-specific IgE levels 1646:1674 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 4 56 theme model 601:605 arg1 mice 607:610 AAD model mice 597:610 AAD model mice 597:610 METHODS The control mice and AAD model mice fed with 4% standard-fiber chow, while low-fiber group of mice fed with a 1.75% low-fiber chow. 26872019 7 57 theme AAD 1083:1085 arg1 Hallmarks 1070:1078 Hallmarks 1070:1078 Hallmarks of AAD 1070:1085 Hallmarks of AAD were examined by histological analysis and ELISA. 26872019 1 58 theme reduced 278:284 arg1 consumption 286:296 reduced consumption 278:296 reduced consumption of fiber 278:305 BACKGROUND Recently, academic studies suggest that global growth of airway allergic disease has a close association with dietary changes including reduced consumption of fiber. 26872019 8 59 from analysis 1215:1222 arg1 samples 1269:1275 fecal samples 1263:1275 fecal samples using real-time PCR 1263:1295 The variation in intestinal bacterial composition was assessed by qualitative analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in fecal samples using real-time PCR. 26872019 5 60 dep intragastric 800:811 arg1 intragastric 800:811 intragastric 800:811 intragastric 800:811 The two fiber-intervened groups including mice, apart from a standard-fiber diet, were also intragastric (i.g.) administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively. 26872019 5 60 dep intragastric 800:811 arg1 mice 750:753 mice 750:753 mice 750:753 The two fiber-intervened groups including mice, apart from a standard-fiber diet, were also intragastric (i.g.) administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively. 26872019 5 60 dep intragastric 800:811 arg1 groups 733:738 The two fiber-intervened groups 708:738 The two fiber-intervened groups including mice 708:753 The two fiber-intervened groups including mice, apart from a standard-fiber diet, were also intragastric (i.g.) administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively. 26872019 5 60 dep intragastric 800:811 arg1 administrated 820:832 administrated 820:832 administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively 820:944 The two fiber-intervened groups including mice, apart from a standard-fiber diet, were also intragastric (i.g.) administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively. 26872019 5 60 dep intragastric 800:811 arg1 i.g. 814:817 i.g. 814:817 i.g. 814:817 The two fiber-intervened groups including mice, apart from a standard-fiber diet, were also intragastric (i.g.) administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively. 26872019 1 61 theme global 182:187 arg1 growth 189:194 global growth 182:194 global growth of airway allergic disease 182:221 BACKGROUND Recently, academic studies suggest that global growth of airway allergic disease has a close association with dietary changes including reduced consumption of fiber. 26872019 2 62 theme fiber 339:343 arg1 supplementation 345:359 appropriate dietary fiber supplementation 319:359 appropriate dietary fiber supplementation 319:359 Therefore, appropriate dietary fiber supplementation might be potential to prevent airway allergic disease (AAD). 26872019 8 63 theme intestinal 1154:1163 arg1 composition 1175:1185 intestinal bacterial composition 1154:1185 intestinal bacterial composition 1154:1185 The variation in intestinal bacterial composition was assessed by qualitative analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in fecal samples using real-time PCR. 26872019 8 64 theme ribosomal 1231:1239 arg1 rDNA 1246:1249 rDNA 1246:1249 rDNA 1246:1249 The variation in intestinal bacterial composition was assessed by qualitative analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in fecal samples using real-time PCR. 26872019 8 64 theme ribosomal 1231:1239 arg1 DNA 1241:1243 ribosomal DNA 1231:1243 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in fecal samples using real-time PCR 1227:1295 The variation in intestinal bacterial composition was assessed by qualitative analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in fecal samples using real-time PCR. 26872019 2 65 theme appropriate 319:329 arg1 supplementation 345:359 appropriate dietary fiber supplementation 319:359 appropriate dietary fiber supplementation 319:359 Therefore, appropriate dietary fiber supplementation might be potential to prevent airway allergic disease (AAD). 26872019 1 66 theme allergic 206:213 arg1 disease 215:221 airway allergic disease 199:221 airway allergic disease 199:221 BACKGROUND Recently, academic studies suggest that global growth of airway allergic disease has a close association with dietary changes including reduced consumption of fiber. 26872019 9 67 theme Th2 1703:1705 arg1 cytokines 1707:1715 Th2 cytokines 1703:1715 Th2 cytokines 1703:1715 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 0 68 from Inflammation 100:111 arg1 Model 124:128 a Mouse Model 116:128 a Mouse Model 116:128 Dietary Fiber Intake Regulates Intestinal Microflora and Inhibits Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model. 26872019 12 69 theme intake 2071:2076 arg1 deficiency 2043:2052 CONCLUSION Long-term deficiency 2022:2052 CONCLUSION Long-term deficiency of dietary fiber intake 2022:2076 CONCLUSION Long-term deficiency of dietary fiber intake increases the susceptibility to AAD, whereas proper fiber supplementation promotes effectively the balance of Th1/Th2 immunity and then attenuates allergic inflammatory responses significantly, as well as optimizes the structure of intestinal microbiota, which suggests potential for novel preventive and therapeutic intervention. 26872019 4 70 dep fed 612:614 arg1 while 645:649 while 645:649 while 645:649 METHODS The control mice and AAD model mice fed with 4% standard-fiber chow, while low-fiber group of mice fed with a 1.75% low-fiber chow. 26872019 10 71 theme dietary 1787:1793 arg1 intake 1801:1806 dietary fiber intake 1787:1806 dietary fiber intake 1787:1806 Additionally, dietary fiber intake also increased the proportion of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, and decreased Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. 26872019 4 72 theme low-fiber 651:659 arg1 mice 670:673 mice 670:673 mice 670:673 METHODS The control mice and AAD model mice fed with 4% standard-fiber chow, while low-fiber group of mice fed with a 1.75% low-fiber chow. 26872019 4 72 theme low-fiber 651:659 arg1 group 661:665 low-fiber group 651:665 low-fiber group of mice 651:673 METHODS The control mice and AAD model mice fed with 4% standard-fiber chow, while low-fiber group of mice fed with a 1.75% low-fiber chow. 26872019 11 73 theme bacteria 1940:1947 arg1 Levels 1920:1925 Levels 1920:1925 Levels of probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, 1920:1991 Levels of probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, were upgraded significantly. 26872019 9 74 theme nasal 1500:1504 arg1 rubbing 1506:1512 nasal rubbing 1500:1512 nasal rubbing 1500:1512 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 8 75 theme qualitative 1203:1213 arg1 analysis 1215:1222 qualitative analysis 1203:1222 qualitative analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in fecal samples using real-time PCR 1203:1295 The variation in intestinal bacterial composition was assessed by qualitative analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in fecal samples using real-time PCR. 26872019 0 76 theme Allergic 84:91 arg1 Inflammation 100:111 Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation 66:111 Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model 66:128 Dietary Fiber Intake Regulates Intestinal Microflora and Inhibits Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model. 26872019 12 77 theme Th1/Th2 2188:2194 arg1 immunity 2196:2203 Th1/Th2 immunity 2188:2203 Th1/Th2 immunity 2188:2203 CONCLUSION Long-term deficiency of dietary fiber intake increases the susceptibility to AAD, whereas proper fiber supplementation promotes effectively the balance of Th1/Th2 immunity and then attenuates allergic inflammatory responses significantly, as well as optimizes the structure of intestinal microbiota, which suggests potential for novel preventive and therapeutic intervention. 26872019 1 78 theme academic 152:159 arg1 studies 161:167 academic studies 152:167 academic studies 152:167 BACKGROUND Recently, academic studies suggest that global growth of airway allergic disease has a close association with dietary changes including reduced consumption of fiber. 26872019 8 79 theme real-time 1283:1291 arg1 PCR 1293:1295 real-time PCR 1283:1295 real-time PCR 1283:1295 The variation in intestinal bacterial composition was assessed by qualitative analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in fecal samples using real-time PCR. 26872019 4 80 dep METHODS 568:574 arg1 fed 612:614 fed 612:614 fed with 4% standard-fiber chow 612:642 METHODS The control mice and AAD model mice fed with 4% standard-fiber chow, while low-fiber group of mice fed with a 1.75% low-fiber chow. 26872019 9 81 theme Th1 1750:1752 arg1 cytokines 1762:1770 Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines 1750:1770 Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines 1750:1770 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 4 82 theme % 690:690 arg1 chow 702:705 a 1.75% low-fiber chow 684:705 a 1.75% low-fiber chow 684:705 METHODS The control mice and AAD model mice fed with 4% standard-fiber chow, while low-fiber group of mice fed with a 1.75% low-fiber chow. 26872019 12 83 theme therapeutic 2383:2393 arg1 intervention 2395:2406 therapeutic intervention 2383:2406 therapeutic intervention 2383:2406 CONCLUSION Long-term deficiency of dietary fiber intake increases the susceptibility to AAD, whereas proper fiber supplementation promotes effectively the balance of Th1/Th2 immunity and then attenuates allergic inflammatory responses significantly, as well as optimizes the structure of intestinal microbiota, which suggests potential for novel preventive and therapeutic intervention. 26872019 5 84 theme fiber-intervened 716:731 arg1 administrated 820:832 administrated 820:832 administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively 820:944 The two fiber-intervened groups including mice, apart from a standard-fiber diet, were also intragastric (i.g.) administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively. 26872019 5 84 theme fiber-intervened 716:731 arg1 intragastric 800:811 intragastric 800:811 intragastric 800:811 The two fiber-intervened groups including mice, apart from a standard-fiber diet, were also intragastric (i.g.) administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively. 26872019 5 84 theme fiber-intervened 716:731 arg1 mice 750:753 mice 750:753 mice 750:753 The two fiber-intervened groups including mice, apart from a standard-fiber diet, were also intragastric (i.g.) administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively. 26872019 5 84 theme fiber-intervened 716:731 arg1 groups 733:738 The two fiber-intervened groups 708:738 The two fiber-intervened groups including mice 708:753 The two fiber-intervened groups including mice, apart from a standard-fiber diet, were also intragastric (i.g.) administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively. 26872019 5 84 theme fiber-intervened 716:731 arg1 i.g. 814:817 i.g. 814:817 i.g. 814:817 The two fiber-intervened groups including mice, apart from a standard-fiber diet, were also intragastric (i.g.) administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively. 26872019 8 85 from samples 1269:1275 arg1 analysis 1215:1222 qualitative analysis 1203:1222 qualitative analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in fecal samples using real-time PCR 1203:1295 The variation in intestinal bacterial composition was assessed by qualitative analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in fecal samples using real-time PCR. 26872019 6 86 theme normal 966:971 arg1 mice 973:976 normal mice 966:976 normal mice 966:976 All animals except normal mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to induce airway allergic inflammation. 26872019 9 87 theme IFN-γ 1755:1759 arg1 cytokines 1762:1770 Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines 1750:1770 Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines 1750:1770 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 9 88 theme allergic 1479:1486 arg1 symptoms 1488:1495 allergic symptoms 1479:1495 allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing 1479:1525 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 9 89 theme infiltration 1566:1577 arg1 pathology 1542:1550 the pathology 1538:1550 the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung 1538:1633 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 6 90 theme allergic 1047:1054 arg1 inflammation 1056:1067 airway allergic inflammation 1040:1067 airway allergic inflammation 1040:1067 All animals except normal mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to induce airway allergic inflammation. 26872019 12 91 theme intestinal 2310:2319 arg1 microbiota 2321:2330 intestinal microbiota 2310:2330 intestinal microbiota 2310:2330 CONCLUSION Long-term deficiency of dietary fiber intake increases the susceptibility to AAD, whereas proper fiber supplementation promotes effectively the balance of Th1/Th2 immunity and then attenuates allergic inflammatory responses significantly, as well as optimizes the structure of intestinal microbiota, which suggests potential for novel preventive and therapeutic intervention. 26872019 3 92 dep OBJECTIVE 422:430 arg1 investigated 435:446 investigated 435:446 investigated whether dietary fiber intake suppressed the induction of AAD and tried to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms 435:565 OBJECTIVE We investigated whether dietary fiber intake suppressed the induction of AAD and tried to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. 26872019 1 93 dep BACKGROUND 131:140 arg1 suggest 169:175 suggest 169:175 suggest that global growth of airway allergic disease has a close association with dietary changes including reduced consumption of fiber 169:305 BACKGROUND Recently, academic studies suggest that global growth of airway allergic disease has a close association with dietary changes including reduced consumption of fiber. 26872019 0 94 theme Fiber 8:12 arg1 Intake 14:19 Dietary Fiber Intake 0:19 Dietary Fiber Intake 0:19 Dietary Fiber Intake Regulates Intestinal Microflora and Inhibits Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model. 26872019 9 95 theme RESULTS 1298:1304 arg1 diet 1316:1319 RESULTS Low-fiber diet 1298:1319 RESULTS Low-fiber diet 1298:1319 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 5 96 theme body 919:922 arg1 weight 924:929 daily body weight 913:929 daily body weight 913:929 The two fiber-intervened groups including mice, apart from a standard-fiber diet, were also intragastric (i.g.) administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively. 26872019 12 97 theme inflammatory 2234:2245 arg1 responses 2247:2255 allergic inflammatory responses 2225:2255 allergic inflammatory responses 2225:2255 CONCLUSION Long-term deficiency of dietary fiber intake increases the susceptibility to AAD, whereas proper fiber supplementation promotes effectively the balance of Th1/Th2 immunity and then attenuates allergic inflammatory responses significantly, as well as optimizes the structure of intestinal microbiota, which suggests potential for novel preventive and therapeutic intervention. 26872019 3 98 theme dietary 456:462 arg1 intake 470:475 dietary fiber intake 456:475 dietary fiber intake 456:475 OBJECTIVE We investigated whether dietary fiber intake suppressed the induction of AAD and tried to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. 26872019 1 99 theme fiber 301:305 arg1 consumption 286:296 reduced consumption 278:296 reduced consumption of fiber 278:305 BACKGROUND Recently, academic studies suggest that global growth of airway allergic disease has a close association with dietary changes including reduced consumption of fiber. 26872019 9 100 theme metaplasia 1595:1604 arg1 pathology 1542:1550 the pathology 1538:1550 the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung 1538:1633 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 4 101 theme AAD 597:599 arg1 mice 607:610 AAD model mice 597:610 AAD model mice 597:610 METHODS The control mice and AAD model mice fed with 4% standard-fiber chow, while low-fiber group of mice fed with a 1.75% low-fiber chow. 26872019 10 102 theme Bacteroidetes 1841:1853 arg1 proportion 1827:1836 the proportion 1823:1836 the proportion of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria 1823:1872 Additionally, dietary fiber intake also increased the proportion of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, and decreased Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. 26872019 2 103 theme allergic 398:405 arg1 AAD 416:418 AAD 416:418 AAD 416:418 Therefore, appropriate dietary fiber supplementation might be potential to prevent airway allergic disease (AAD). 26872019 2 103 theme allergic 398:405 arg1 disease 407:413 airway allergic disease 391:413 airway allergic disease (AAD) 391:419 Therefore, appropriate dietary fiber supplementation might be potential to prevent airway allergic disease (AAD). 26872019 5 104 theme standard-fiber 769:782 arg1 diet 784:787 a standard-fiber diet 767:787 a standard-fiber diet 767:787 The two fiber-intervened groups including mice, apart from a standard-fiber diet, were also intragastric (i.g.) administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively. 26872019 9 105 theme inflammatory 1332:1343 arg1 response 1345:1352 inflammatory response 1332:1352 inflammatory response 1332:1352 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 12 106 theme fiber 2130:2134 arg1 supplementation 2136:2150 proper fiber supplementation 2123:2150 proper fiber supplementation 2123:2150 CONCLUSION Long-term deficiency of dietary fiber intake increases the susceptibility to AAD, whereas proper fiber supplementation promotes effectively the balance of Th1/Th2 immunity and then attenuates allergic inflammatory responses significantly, as well as optimizes the structure of intestinal microbiota, which suggests potential for novel preventive and therapeutic intervention. 26872019 7 107 theme histological 1104:1115 arg1 analysis 1117:1124 histological analysis 1104:1124 histological analysis 1104:1124 Hallmarks of AAD were examined by histological analysis and ELISA. 26872019 9 108 theme allergic 1375:1382 arg1 mice 1384:1387 ovalbumin-induced allergic mice 1357:1387 ovalbumin-induced allergic mice 1357:1387 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 8 109 from variation 1141:1149 arg1 composition 1175:1185 intestinal bacterial composition 1154:1185 intestinal bacterial composition 1154:1185 The variation in intestinal bacterial composition was assessed by qualitative analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in fecal samples using real-time PCR. 26872019 4 110 theme % 622:622 arg1 chow 639:642 4% standard-fiber chow 621:642 4% standard-fiber chow 621:642 METHODS The control mice and AAD model mice fed with 4% standard-fiber chow, while low-fiber group of mice fed with a 1.75% low-fiber chow. 26872019 10 111 theme Actinobacteria 1859:1872 arg1 proportion 1827:1836 the proportion 1823:1836 the proportion of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria 1823:1872 Additionally, dietary fiber intake also increased the proportion of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, and decreased Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. 26872019 2 112 theme airway 391:396 arg1 AAD 416:418 AAD 416:418 AAD 416:418 Therefore, appropriate dietary fiber supplementation might be potential to prevent airway allergic disease (AAD). 26872019 2 112 theme airway 391:396 arg1 disease 407:413 airway allergic disease 391:413 airway allergic disease (AAD) 391:419 Therefore, appropriate dietary fiber supplementation might be potential to prevent airway allergic disease (AAD). 26872019 12 113 theme Long-term 2033:2041 arg1 deficiency 2043:2052 CONCLUSION Long-term deficiency 2022:2052 CONCLUSION Long-term deficiency of dietary fiber intake 2022:2076 CONCLUSION Long-term deficiency of dietary fiber intake increases the susceptibility to AAD, whereas proper fiber supplementation promotes effectively the balance of Th1/Th2 immunity and then attenuates allergic inflammatory responses significantly, as well as optimizes the structure of intestinal microbiota, which suggests potential for novel preventive and therapeutic intervention. 26872019 12 114 theme proper 2123:2128 arg1 supplementation 2136:2150 proper fiber supplementation 2123:2150 proper fiber supplementation 2123:2150 CONCLUSION Long-term deficiency of dietary fiber intake increases the susceptibility to AAD, whereas proper fiber supplementation promotes effectively the balance of Th1/Th2 immunity and then attenuates allergic inflammatory responses significantly, as well as optimizes the structure of intestinal microbiota, which suggests potential for novel preventive and therapeutic intervention. 26872019 9 115 theme dietary 1398:1404 arg1 intake 1412:1417 dietary fiber intake 1398:1417 dietary fiber intake 1398:1417 RESULTS Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. 26872019 3 116 theme underlying 545:554 arg1 mechanisms 556:565 the possible underlying mechanisms 532:565 the possible underlying mechanisms 532:565 OBJECTIVE We investigated whether dietary fiber intake suppressed the induction of AAD and tried to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. 26872019 1 117 theme dietary 252:258 arg1 changes 260:266 dietary changes 252:266 dietary changes including reduced consumption of fiber 252:305 BACKGROUND Recently, academic studies suggest that global growth of airway allergic disease has a close association with dietary changes including reduced consumption of fiber. 26872019 1 117 theme dietary 252:258 arg1 consumption 286:296 reduced consumption 278:296 reduced consumption of fiber 278:305 BACKGROUND Recently, academic studies suggest that global growth of airway allergic disease has a close association with dietary changes including reduced consumption of fiber. 27880979 2 0 theme IR+LPS 501:506 arg1 group 508:512 IR+LPS group 501:512 IR+LPS group 501:512 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 2 0 theme IR+LPS 501:506 arg1 LPS 496:498 LPS 496:498 LPS (IR+LPS group) 496:513 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 3 1 theme microscopy 614:623 arg1 hours 533:537 1 or 6 hours 526:537 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations 516:851 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 8 2 theme reperfusion 1608:1618 arg1 ischemia 1584:1591 hepatic ischemia 1576:1591 hepatic ischemia 1576:1591 LPS was found to be a potent inducer of small bile duct injury following hepatic ischemia and 6 hours of reperfusion. 27880979 8 2 theme reperfusion 1608:1618 arg1 hours 1599:1603 6 hours 1597:1603 6 hours of reperfusion 1597:1618 LPS was found to be a potent inducer of small bile duct injury following hepatic ischemia and 6 hours of reperfusion. 27880979 5 3 theme small 1060:1064 arg1 injury 1076:1081 severe small bile duct injury 1053:1081 severe small bile duct injury 1053:1081 LPS administration induced severe small bile duct injury following 6 hours of reperfusion. 27880979 6 4 dep total 1130:1134 arg1 salts 1141:1145 bile salts 1136:1145 bile salts 1136:1145 Furthermore, total bile salts and bilirubin concentrations in serum were increased in the LPS groups compared with sham controls (LPS, + 3.3-fold and +1.9-fold; IR+LPS, + 3.8-fold and +1.7-fold, respectively). 27880979 9 5 theme increased 1653:1661 arg1 permeability 1663:1674 increased permeability 1653:1674 increased permeability of the BBB 1653:1685 This injury was associated with increased permeability of the BBB and impaired hepatic bile salt clearance. 27880979 1 6 with conjunction 278:288 arg1 ischemia 295:302 ischemia 295:302 ischemia 295:302 This study explored whether bacterial endotoxins, in the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), could have an injurious effect on the biliary tract in conjunction with ischemia. 27880979 1 7 from tract 269:273 arg1 conjunction 278:288 conjunction 278:288 conjunction with ischemia 278:302 This study explored whether bacterial endotoxins, in the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), could have an injurious effect on the biliary tract in conjunction with ischemia. 27880979 4 8 theme barrier 956:962 arg1 integrity 925:933 the integrity 921:933 the integrity of the blood biliary barrier (BBB) 921:968 In addition, the integrity of the blood biliary barrier (BBB) was assayed in vivo using horseradish peroxidase (HRP). 27880979 3 9 theme zonula 626:631 arg1 [ZO-1 645:649 zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1 626:649 zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1 626:649 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 3 9 theme zonula 626:631 arg1 microscopy 614:623 immunofluorescence microscopy 595:623 immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]) 595:651 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 9 10 theme impaired 1691:1698 arg1 clearance 1718:1726 impaired hepatic bile salt clearance 1691:1726 impaired hepatic bile salt clearance 1691:1726 This injury was associated with increased permeability of the BBB and impaired hepatic bile salt clearance. 27880979 3 11 theme bile 654:657 arg1 composition 659:669 bile composition 654:669 bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase) 654:720 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 1 12 contain have 229:232 arg2 effect 247:252 an injurious effect 234:252 an injurious effect 234:252 This study explored whether bacterial endotoxins, in the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), could have an injurious effect on the biliary tract in conjunction with ischemia. 27880979 1 12 contain have 229:232 arg1 endotoxins 169:178 bacterial endotoxins 159:178 bacterial endotoxins 159:178 This study explored whether bacterial endotoxins, in the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), could have an injurious effect on the biliary tract in conjunction with ischemia. 27880979 9 13 theme bile 1708:1711 arg1 clearance 1718:1726 impaired hepatic bile salt clearance 1691:1726 impaired hepatic bile salt clearance 1691:1726 This injury was associated with increased permeability of the BBB and impaired hepatic bile salt clearance. 27880979 10 14 theme Liver 1729:1733 arg1 Transplantation 1735:1749 Liver Transplantation 1729:1749 Liver Transplantation 1729:1749 Liver Transplantation 23 194-206 2017 AASLD. 27880979 3 15 theme hepatic 723:729 arg1 expression 736:745 hepatic gene expression 723:745 hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators) 723:797 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 6 16 theme bile 1136:1139 arg1 salts 1141:1145 bile salts 1136:1145 bile salts 1136:1145 Furthermore, total bile salts and bilirubin concentrations in serum were increased in the LPS groups compared with sham controls (LPS, + 3.3-fold and +1.9-fold; IR+LPS, + 3.8-fold and +1.7-fold, respectively). 27880979 7 17 theme HRP 1401:1403 arg1 levels 1391:1396 elevated levels 1382:1396 elevated levels of HRP in bile (+4.9-fold) 1382:1423 The BBB was impaired in the LPS groups as evidenced by elevated levels of HRP in bile (+4.9-fold), and decreased expression of claudin 1 (-6.7-fold) and claudin 3 (-3.6-fold). 27880979 10 18 dep AASLD 1767:1771 arg1 Transplantation 1735:1749 Liver Transplantation 1729:1749 Liver Transplantation 1729:1749 Liver Transplantation 23 194-206 2017 AASLD. 27880979 0 19 theme Barrier 67:73 arg1 Impairment 75:84 Blood Biliary Barrier Impairment 53:84 Blood Biliary Barrier Impairment 53:84 Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide Causes Biliary Injury by Blood Biliary Barrier Impairment in a Rat Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Model. 27880979 3 20 theme Following 516:524 arg1 hours 533:537 1 or 6 hours 526:537 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations 516:851 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 8 21 theme small 1543:1547 arg1 injury 1559:1564 small bile duct injury 1543:1564 small bile duct injury following hepatic ischemia and 6 hours of reperfusion 1543:1618 LPS was found to be a potent inducer of small bile duct injury following hepatic ischemia and 6 hours of reperfusion. 27880979 1 22 theme bacterial 159:167 arg1 endotoxins 169:178 bacterial endotoxins 159:178 bacterial endotoxins 159:178 This study explored whether bacterial endotoxins, in the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), could have an injurious effect on the biliary tract in conjunction with ischemia. 27880979 3 23 theme bile 748:751 arg1 transporters 758:769 bile salt transporters 748:769 bile salt transporters 748:769 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 3 24 theme lactate 699:705 arg1 salts 677:681 bile salts 672:681 bile salts 672:681 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 3 24 theme lactate 699:705 arg1 dehydrogenase 707:719 lactate dehydrogenase 699:719 lactate dehydrogenase 699:719 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 6 25 dep increased 1190:1198 arg1 LPS 1247:1249 LPS 1247:1249 LPS 1247:1249 Furthermore, total bile salts and bilirubin concentrations in serum were increased in the LPS groups compared with sham controls (LPS, + 3.3-fold and +1.9-fold; IR+LPS, + 3.8-fold and +1.7-fold, respectively). 27880979 1 26 from endotoxins 169:178 arg1 form 188:191 the form 184:191 the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 184:220 This study explored whether bacterial endotoxins, in the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), could have an injurious effect on the biliary tract in conjunction with ischemia. 27880979 7 27 theme claudin 1480:1486 arg1 expression 1440:1449 expression 1440:1449 expression of claudin 1 (-6.7-fold) and claudin 3 (-3.6-fold) 1440:1500 The BBB was impaired in the LPS groups as evidenced by elevated levels of HRP in bile (+4.9-fold), and decreased expression of claudin 1 (-6.7-fold) and claudin 3 (-3.6-fold). 27880979 2 28 theme IR 464:465 arg1 group 467:471 IR group 464:471 IR; IR group 460:471 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 5 29 theme reperfusion 1104:1114 arg1 hours 1095:1099 6 hours 1093:1099 6 hours of reperfusion 1093:1114 LPS administration induced severe small bile duct injury following 6 hours of reperfusion. 27880979 0 30 theme Rat 91:93 arg1 Model 124:128 a Rat Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Model 89:128 a Rat Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Model 89:128 Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide Causes Biliary Injury by Blood Biliary Barrier Impairment in a Rat Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Model. 27880979 3 31 theme inflammatory 775:786 arg1 mediators 788:796 inflammatory mediators 775:796 inflammatory mediators 775:796 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 2 32 theme sham 360:363 arg1 groups 352:357 4 groups 350:357 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group) 350:513 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 2 32 theme sham 360:363 arg1 operation 365:373 sham operation 360:373 sham operation (sham group) 360:386 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 2 32 theme sham 360:363 arg1 group 381:385 sham group 376:385 sham group 376:385 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 0 33 theme Ischemia/Reperfusion 103:122 arg1 Model 124:128 a Rat Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Model 89:128 a Rat Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Model 89:128 Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide Causes Biliary Injury by Blood Biliary Barrier Impairment in a Rat Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Model. 27880979 3 34 dep expression 736:745 arg1 transporters 758:769 bile salt transporters 748:769 bile salt transporters 748:769 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 3 34 dep expression 736:745 arg1 mediators 788:796 inflammatory mediators 775:796 inflammatory mediators 775:796 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 0 35 theme Low-Dose 0:7 arg1 Lipopolysaccharide 9:26 Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide 0:26 Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide 0:26 Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide Causes Biliary Injury by Blood Biliary Barrier Impairment in a Rat Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Model. 27880979 1 36 theme biliary 261:267 arg1 tract 269:273 the biliary tract 257:273 the biliary tract in conjunction with ischemia 257:302 This study explored whether bacterial endotoxins, in the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), could have an injurious effect on the biliary tract in conjunction with ischemia. 27880979 7 37 theme claudin 1454:1460 arg1 expression 1440:1449 expression 1440:1449 expression of claudin 1 (-6.7-fold) and claudin 3 (-3.6-fold) 1440:1500 The BBB was impaired in the LPS groups as evidenced by elevated levels of HRP in bile (+4.9-fold), and decreased expression of claudin 1 (-6.7-fold) and claudin 3 (-3.6-fold). 27880979 3 38 theme reperfusion 542:552 arg1 hours 533:537 1 or 6 hours 526:537 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations 516:851 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 6 39 dep LPS 1247:1249 arg1  + 3.8-fold 1285:1295  + 3.8-fold 1285:1295  + 3.8-fold 1285:1295 Furthermore, total bile salts and bilirubin concentrations in serum were increased in the LPS groups compared with sham controls (LPS, + 3.3-fold and +1.9-fold; IR+LPS, + 3.8-fold and +1.7-fold, respectively). 27880979 6 39 dep LPS 1247:1249 arg1 IR+LPS 1278:1283 IR+LPS 1278:1283 IR+LPS 1278:1283 Furthermore, total bile salts and bilirubin concentrations in serum were increased in the LPS groups compared with sham controls (LPS, + 3.3-fold and +1.9-fold; IR+LPS, + 3.8-fold and +1.7-fold, respectively). 27880979 6 39 dep LPS 1247:1249 arg1 +1.9-fold 1267:1275 +1.9-fold 1267:1275 +1.9-fold 1267:1275 Furthermore, total bile salts and bilirubin concentrations in serum were increased in the LPS groups compared with sham controls (LPS, + 3.3-fold and +1.9-fold; IR+LPS, + 3.8-fold and +1.7-fold, respectively). 27880979 6 39 dep LPS 1247:1249 arg1  + 3.3-fold 1251:1261  + 3.3-fold 1251:1261  + 3.3-fold 1251:1261 Furthermore, total bile salts and bilirubin concentrations in serum were increased in the LPS groups compared with sham controls (LPS, + 3.3-fold and +1.9-fold; IR+LPS, + 3.8-fold and +1.7-fold, respectively). 27880979 6 39 dep LPS 1247:1249 arg1 +1.7-fold 1301:1309 +1.7-fold 1301:1309 +1.7-fold 1301:1309 Furthermore, total bile salts and bilirubin concentrations in serum were increased in the LPS groups compared with sham controls (LPS, + 3.3-fold and +1.9-fold; IR+LPS, + 3.8-fold and +1.7-fold, respectively). 27880979 2 40 theme rats 319:322 arg1 total 307:311 A total 305:311 A total of 64 rats 305:322 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 0 41 theme Blood 53:57 arg1 Impairment 75:84 Blood Biliary Barrier Impairment 53:84 Blood Biliary Barrier Impairment 53:84 Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide Causes Biliary Injury by Blood Biliary Barrier Impairment in a Rat Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Model. 27880979 7 42 from levels 1391:1396 arg1 +4.9-fold 1414:1422 +4.9-fold 1414:1422 +4.9-fold 1414:1422 The BBB was impaired in the LPS groups as evidenced by elevated levels of HRP in bile (+4.9-fold), and decreased expression of claudin 1 (-6.7-fold) and claudin 3 (-3.6-fold). 27880979 7 42 from levels 1391:1396 arg1 bile 1408:1411 bile 1408:1411 bile (+4.9-fold) 1408:1423 The BBB was impaired in the LPS groups as evidenced by elevated levels of HRP in bile (+4.9-fold), and decreased expression of claudin 1 (-6.7-fold) and claudin 3 (-3.6-fold). 27880979 3 43 theme tests 567:571 arg1 hours 533:537 1 or 6 hours 526:537 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations 516:851 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 2 44 dep groups 352:357 arg1 IR 460:461 IR 460:461 IR; IR group 460:471 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 2 44 dep groups 352:357 arg1 IR 479:480 IR 479:480 IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group) 479:513 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 2 44 dep groups 352:357 arg1 LPS 397:399 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal 389:415 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group) 389:427 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 2 44 dep groups 352:357 arg1 operation 365:373 sham operation 360:373 sham operation (sham group) 360:386 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 2 44 dep groups 352:357 arg1 ischemia/reperfusion 438:457 hepatic ischemia/reperfusion 430:457 hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group) 430:472 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 2 44 dep groups 352:357 arg1 group 381:385 sham group 376:385 sham group 376:385 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 2 44 dep groups 352:357 arg1 groups 352:357 4 groups 350:357 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group) 350:513 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 2 44 dep groups 352:357 arg1 group 422:426 LPS group 418:426 LPS group 418:426 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 5 45 theme bile 1066:1069 arg1 injury 1076:1081 severe small bile duct injury 1053:1081 severe small bile duct injury 1053:1081 LPS administration induced severe small bile duct injury following 6 hours of reperfusion. 27880979 4 46 theme biliary 948:954 arg1 BBB 965:967 BBB 965:967 BBB 965:967 In addition, the integrity of the blood biliary barrier (BBB) was assayed in vivo using horseradish peroxidase (HRP). 27880979 4 46 theme biliary 948:954 arg1 barrier 956:962 blood biliary barrier 942:962 the blood biliary barrier (BBB) 938:968 In addition, the integrity of the blood biliary barrier (BBB) was assayed in vivo using horseradish peroxidase (HRP). 27880979 3 47 theme serum 555:559 arg1 tests 567:571 serum liver tests 555:571 serum liver tests 555:571 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 6 48 from total 1130:1134 arg1 serum 1179:1183 serum 1179:1183 serum 1179:1183 Furthermore, total bile salts and bilirubin concentrations in serum were increased in the LPS groups compared with sham controls (LPS, + 3.3-fold and +1.9-fold; IR+LPS, + 3.8-fold and +1.7-fold, respectively). 27880979 3 49 theme cytokine 829:836 arg1 concentrations 838:851 biliary cytokine concentrations 821:851 biliary cytokine concentrations 821:851 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 3 50 theme histology 584:592 arg1 hours 533:537 1 or 6 hours 526:537 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations 516:851 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 1 51 theme injurious 237:245 arg1 effect 247:252 an injurious effect 234:252 an injurious effect 234:252 This study explored whether bacterial endotoxins, in the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), could have an injurious effect on the biliary tract in conjunction with ischemia. 27880979 3 52 theme bile 574:577 arg1 histology 584:592 bile duct histology 574:592 bile duct histology 574:592 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 5 53 theme severe 1053:1058 arg1 injury 1076:1081 severe small bile duct injury 1053:1081 severe small bile duct injury 1053:1081 LPS administration induced severe small bile duct injury following 6 hours of reperfusion. 27880979 3 54 theme immunofluorescence 595:612 arg1 [ZO-1 645:649 zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1 626:649 zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1 626:649 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 3 54 theme immunofluorescence 595:612 arg1 microscopy 614:623 immunofluorescence microscopy 595:623 immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]) 595:651 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 3 55 theme study 894:898 arg1 groups 900:905 the study groups 890:905 the study groups 890:905 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 8 56 theme duct 1554:1557 arg1 injury 1559:1564 small bile duct injury 1543:1564 small bile duct injury following hepatic ischemia and 6 hours of reperfusion 1543:1618 LPS was found to be a potent inducer of small bile duct injury following hepatic ischemia and 6 hours of reperfusion. 27880979 1 57 theme lipopolysaccharides 196:214 arg1 form 188:191 the form 184:191 the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 184:220 This study explored whether bacterial endotoxins, in the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), could have an injurious effect on the biliary tract in conjunction with ischemia. 27880979 3 58 theme occludens-1 633:643 arg1 [ZO-1 645:649 zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1 626:649 zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1 626:649 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 3 58 theme occludens-1 633:643 arg1 microscopy 614:623 immunofluorescence microscopy 595:623 immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]) 595:651 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 3 59 theme expression 736:745 arg1 hours 533:537 1 or 6 hours 526:537 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations 516:851 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 9 60 theme hepatic 1700:1706 arg1 clearance 1718:1726 impaired hepatic bile salt clearance 1691:1726 impaired hepatic bile salt clearance 1691:1726 This injury was associated with increased permeability of the BBB and impaired hepatic bile salt clearance. 27880979 6 61 theme LPS 1207:1209 arg1 groups 1211:1216 the LPS groups 1203:1216 the LPS groups 1203:1216 Furthermore, total bile salts and bilirubin concentrations in serum were increased in the LPS groups compared with sham controls (LPS, + 3.3-fold and +1.9-fold; IR+LPS, + 3.8-fold and +1.7-fold, respectively). 27880979 6 62 theme bilirubin 1151:1159 arg1 concentrations 1161:1174 bilirubin concentrations 1151:1174 bilirubin concentrations in serum 1151:1183 Furthermore, total bile salts and bilirubin concentrations in serum were increased in the LPS groups compared with sham controls (LPS, + 3.3-fold and +1.9-fold; IR+LPS, + 3.8-fold and +1.7-fold, respectively). 27880979 9 63 theme salt 1713:1716 arg1 clearance 1718:1726 impaired hepatic bile salt clearance 1691:1726 impaired hepatic bile salt clearance 1691:1726 This injury was associated with increased permeability of the BBB and impaired hepatic bile salt clearance. 27880979 3 64 theme gene 731:734 arg1 expression 736:745 hepatic gene expression 723:745 hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators) 723:797 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 4 65 theme horseradish 996:1006 arg1 peroxidase 1008:1017 horseradish peroxidase 996:1017 horseradish peroxidase (HRP) 996:1023 In addition, the integrity of the blood biliary barrier (BBB) was assayed in vivo using horseradish peroxidase (HRP). 27880979 4 65 theme horseradish 996:1006 arg1 HRP 1020:1022 HRP 1020:1022 HRP 1020:1022 In addition, the integrity of the blood biliary barrier (BBB) was assayed in vivo using horseradish peroxidase (HRP). 27880979 9 66 theme BBB 1683:1685 arg1 permeability 1663:1674 increased permeability 1653:1674 increased permeability of the BBB 1653:1685 This injury was associated with increased permeability of the BBB and impaired hepatic bile salt clearance. 27880979 9 66 theme BBB 1683:1685 arg1 clearance 1718:1726 impaired hepatic bile salt clearance 1691:1726 impaired hepatic bile salt clearance 1691:1726 This injury was associated with increased permeability of the BBB and impaired hepatic bile salt clearance. 27880979 6 67 theme sham 1232:1235 arg1 controls 1237:1244 sham controls 1232:1244 sham controls 1232:1244 Furthermore, total bile salts and bilirubin concentrations in serum were increased in the LPS groups compared with sham controls (LPS, + 3.3-fold and +1.9-fold; IR+LPS, + 3.8-fold and +1.7-fold, respectively). 27880979 8 68 theme potent 1525:1530 arg1 inducer 1532:1538 a potent inducer 1523:1538 a potent inducer of small bile duct injury following hepatic ischemia and 6 hours of reperfusion 1523:1618 LPS was found to be a potent inducer of small bile duct injury following hepatic ischemia and 6 hours of reperfusion. 27880979 8 68 theme potent 1525:1530 arg1 LPS 1503:1505 LPS 1503:1505 LPS 1503:1505 LPS was found to be a potent inducer of small bile duct injury following hepatic ischemia and 6 hours of reperfusion. 27880979 7 69 theme elevated 1382:1389 arg1 levels 1391:1396 elevated levels 1382:1396 elevated levels of HRP in bile (+4.9-fold) 1382:1423 The BBB was impaired in the LPS groups as evidenced by elevated levels of HRP in bile (+4.9-fold), and decreased expression of claudin 1 (-6.7-fold) and claudin 3 (-3.6-fold). 27880979 2 70 theme hepatic 430:436 arg1 IR 460:461 IR 460:461 IR; IR group 460:471 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 2 70 theme hepatic 430:436 arg1 ischemia/reperfusion 438:457 hepatic ischemia/reperfusion 430:457 hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group) 430:472 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 2 70 theme hepatic 430:436 arg1 groups 352:357 4 groups 350:357 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group) 350:513 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 3 71 theme bile 672:675 arg1 salts 677:681 bile salts 672:681 bile salts 672:681 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 3 71 theme bile 672:675 arg1 phospholipids 684:696 phospholipids 684:696 phospholipids 684:696 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 3 71 theme bile 672:675 arg1 dehydrogenase 707:719 lactate dehydrogenase 699:719 lactate dehydrogenase 699:719 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 3 72 theme salt 753:756 arg1 transporters 758:769 bile salt transporters 748:769 bile salt transporters 748:769 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 0 73 theme Hepatic 95:101 arg1 Model 124:128 a Rat Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Model 89:128 a Rat Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Model 89:128 Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide Causes Biliary Injury by Blood Biliary Barrier Impairment in a Rat Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Model. 27880979 8 74 theme bile 1549:1552 arg1 injury 1559:1564 small bile duct injury 1543:1564 small bile duct injury following hepatic ischemia and 6 hours of reperfusion 1543:1618 LPS was found to be a potent inducer of small bile duct injury following hepatic ischemia and 6 hours of reperfusion. 27880979 8 75 theme injury 1559:1564 arg1 inducer 1532:1538 a potent inducer 1523:1538 a potent inducer of small bile duct injury following hepatic ischemia and 6 hours of reperfusion 1523:1618 LPS was found to be a potent inducer of small bile duct injury following hepatic ischemia and 6 hours of reperfusion. 27880979 8 75 theme injury 1559:1564 arg1 LPS 1503:1505 LPS 1503:1505 LPS 1503:1505 LPS was found to be a potent inducer of small bile duct injury following hepatic ischemia and 6 hours of reperfusion. 27880979 3 76 dep composition 659:669 arg1 salts 677:681 bile salts 672:681 bile salts 672:681 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 3 76 dep composition 659:669 arg1 phospholipids 684:696 phospholipids 684:696 phospholipids 684:696 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 3 76 dep composition 659:669 arg1 dehydrogenase 707:719 lactate dehydrogenase 699:719 lactate dehydrogenase 699:719 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 8 77 theme hepatic 1576:1582 arg1 ischemia 1584:1591 hepatic ischemia 1576:1591 hepatic ischemia 1576:1591 LPS was found to be a potent inducer of small bile duct injury following hepatic ischemia and 6 hours of reperfusion. 27880979 0 78 theme Biliary 35:41 arg1 Injury 43:48 Biliary Injury 35:48 Biliary Injury by Blood Biliary Barrier Impairment 35:84 Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide Causes Biliary Injury by Blood Biliary Barrier Impairment in a Rat Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Model. 27880979 6 79 from concentrations 1161:1174 arg1 serum 1179:1183 serum 1179:1183 serum 1179:1183 Furthermore, total bile salts and bilirubin concentrations in serum were increased in the LPS groups compared with sham controls (LPS, + 3.3-fold and +1.9-fold; IR+LPS, + 3.8-fold and +1.7-fold, respectively). 27880979 2 80 dep IR 460:461 arg1 group 467:471 IR group 464:471 IR; IR group 460:471 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 2 81 theme sham 376:379 arg1 operation 365:373 sham operation 360:373 sham operation (sham group) 360:386 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 2 81 theme sham 376:379 arg1 group 381:385 sham group 376:385 sham group 376:385 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 5 82 theme LPS 1026:1028 arg1 administration 1030:1043 LPS administration 1026:1043 LPS administration 1026:1043 LPS administration induced severe small bile duct injury following 6 hours of reperfusion. 27880979 7 83 theme LPS 1355:1357 arg1 groups 1359:1364 the LPS groups 1351:1364 the LPS groups 1351:1364 The BBB was impaired in the LPS groups as evidenced by elevated levels of HRP in bile (+4.9-fold), and decreased expression of claudin 1 (-6.7-fold) and claudin 3 (-3.6-fold). 27880979 2 84 theme LPS 418:420 arg1 LPS 397:399 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal 389:415 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group) 389:427 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 2 84 theme LPS 418:420 arg1 group 422:426 LPS group 418:426 LPS group 418:426 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 0 85 theme Biliary 59:65 arg1 Impairment 75:84 Blood Biliary Barrier Impairment 53:84 Blood Biliary Barrier Impairment 53:84 Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide Causes Biliary Injury by Blood Biliary Barrier Impairment in a Rat Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Model. 27880979 3 86 theme biliary 821:827 arg1 concentrations 838:851 biliary cytokine concentrations 821:851 biliary cytokine concentrations 821:851 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 2 87 theme intraperitoneal 401:415 arg1 LPS 397:399 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal 389:415 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group) 389:427 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 2 87 theme intraperitoneal 401:415 arg1 groups 352:357 4 groups 350:357 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group) 350:513 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 2 87 theme intraperitoneal 401:415 arg1 group 422:426 LPS group 418:426 LPS group 418:426 A total of 64 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham operation (sham group), 1 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal (LPS group), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR; IR group), and IR combined with LPS (IR+LPS group). 27880979 3 88 theme liver 561:565 arg1 tests 567:571 serum liver tests 555:571 serum liver tests 555:571 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 3 89 theme serum 811:815 arg1 hours 533:537 1 or 6 hours 526:537 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations 516:851 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 5 90 theme duct 1071:1074 arg1 injury 1076:1081 severe small bile duct injury 1053:1081 severe small bile duct injury 1053:1081 LPS administration induced severe small bile duct injury following 6 hours of reperfusion. 27880979 4 91 theme blood 942:946 arg1 BBB 965:967 BBB 965:967 BBB 965:967 In addition, the integrity of the blood biliary barrier (BBB) was assayed in vivo using horseradish peroxidase (HRP). 27880979 4 91 theme blood 942:946 arg1 barrier 956:962 blood biliary barrier 942:962 the blood biliary barrier (BBB) 938:968 In addition, the integrity of the blood biliary barrier (BBB) was assayed in vivo using horseradish peroxidase (HRP). 27880979 3 92 theme duct 579:582 arg1 histology 584:592 bile duct histology 574:592 bile duct histology 574:592 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 27880979 3 93 theme composition 659:669 arg1 hours 533:537 1 or 6 hours 526:537 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations 516:851 Following 1 or 6 hours of reperfusion, serum liver tests, bile duct histology, immunofluorescence microscopy (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), bile composition (bile salts, phospholipids, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic gene expression (bile salt transporters and inflammatory mediators), as well as serum and biliary cytokine concentrations were quantified and compared between the study groups. 29965367 0 0 theme Ion 86:88 arg1 Addition 90:97 Calcium Ion Addition 78:97 Calcium Ion Addition 78:97 [Evolution of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of the Activated Sludge with Calcium Ion Addition During Set-up Period of Sequencing Batch Reactors]. 29965367 4 1 theme mg·L-1 1154:1159 arg1 dosage 1140:1145 Ca2+ dosage 1135:1145 Ca2+ dosage of 150 mg·L-1 1135:1159 Compared with the control system, the contents of EPS, polysaccharides (PS) and proteins (PN) were increased by 76.4%, 28.8% and 31.6% under the condition of Ca2+ dosage of 150 mg·L-1. 29965367 7 2 theme properties 1556:1565 arg1 improvement 1528:1538 the improvement 1524:1538 the improvement of the settling properties of activated sludge with calcium ion addition 1524:1611 Results from this study provided a fundamental knowledge basis for the improvement of the settling properties of activated sludge with calcium ion addition. 29965367 6 3 theme Ca2+ 1393:1396 arg1 addition 1398:1405 Ca2+ addition 1393:1405 Ca2+ addition 1393:1405 Analysis using three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed that Ca2+ addition changed the compositional characteristics of EPS. 29965367 1 4 theme Great 151:155 arg1 attention 157:165 Great attention 151:165 Great attention 151:165 Great attention has been paid to accelerate the start-up period and enhance floc properties and structural stability in activated sludge reactors with the aid of inorganic chemical agents such as calcium ion. 29965367 4 5 theme Ca2+ 1135:1138 arg1 dosage 1140:1145 Ca2+ dosage 1135:1145 Ca2+ dosage of 150 mg·L-1 1135:1159 Compared with the control system, the contents of EPS, polysaccharides (PS) and proteins (PN) were increased by 76.4%, 28.8% and 31.6% under the condition of Ca2+ dosage of 150 mg·L-1. 29965367 0 6 theme Calcium 78:84 arg1 Addition 90:97 Calcium Ion Addition 78:97 Calcium Ion Addition 78:97 [Evolution of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of the Activated Sludge with Calcium Ion Addition During Set-up Period of Sequencing Batch Reactors]. 29965367 3 7 theme SBRs 964:967 arg1 set-up 969:974 SBRs set-up 964:974 SBRs set-up 964:974 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 3 8 theme volume 926:931 arg1 SVI 940:942 SVI 940:942 SVI 940:942 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 3 8 theme volume 926:931 arg1 index 933:937 the sludge volume index 915:937 the sludge volume index (SVI) 915:943 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 3 9 theme volatile 825:832 arg1 MLVSS 852:856 MLVSS 852:856 MLVSS 852:856 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 3 9 theme volatile 825:832 arg1 solids 844:849 the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids 808:849 the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) 808:857 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 1 10 theme structural 247:256 arg1 stability 258:266 structural stability 247:266 structural stability 247:266 Great attention has been paid to accelerate the start-up period and enhance floc properties and structural stability in activated sludge reactors with the aid of inorganic chemical agents such as calcium ion. 29965367 3 11 theme non-calcium 665:675 arg1 addition 681:688 non-calcium ion addition 665:688 non-calcium ion addition 665:688 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 3 11 theme non-calcium 665:675 arg1 control 656:662 the control 652:662 the control (non-calcium ion addition) 652:689 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 6 12 theme fluorescence 1313:1324 arg1 spectroscopy 1326:1337 three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy 1268:1337 three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy 1268:1337 Analysis using three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed that Ca2+ addition changed the compositional characteristics of EPS. 29965367 3 13 theme suspended 834:842 arg1 MLVSS 852:856 MLVSS 852:856 MLVSS 852:856 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 3 13 theme suspended 834:842 arg1 solids 844:849 the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids 808:849 the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) 808:857 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 5 14 theme PS/PN 1166:1170 arg1 68.8 1182:1185 68.8 1182:1185 68.8 1182:1185 The PS/PN ratio was 68.8 for Ca2+ addition, compared to only 36.6 for the control reactor. 29965367 5 14 theme PS/PN 1166:1170 arg1 ratio 1172:1176 The PS/PN ratio 1162:1176 The PS/PN ratio 1162:1176 The PS/PN ratio was 68.8 for Ca2+ addition, compared to only 36.6 for the control reactor. 29965367 1 15 theme calcium 347:353 arg1 ion 355:357 calcium ion 347:357 calcium ion 347:357 Great attention has been paid to accelerate the start-up period and enhance floc properties and structural stability in activated sludge reactors with the aid of inorganic chemical agents such as calcium ion. 29965367 2 16 theme substances 576:585 arg1 properties 524:533 the physicochemical properties 504:533 the physicochemical properties 504:533 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated continuously for 35 days to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge during set-up period. 29965367 2 16 theme substances 576:585 arg1 evolution 539:547 evolution 539:547 evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge 539:611 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated continuously for 35 days to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge during set-up period. 29965367 5 17 theme control 1236:1242 arg1 reactor 1244:1250 the control reactor 1232:1250 the control reactor 1232:1250 The PS/PN ratio was 68.8 for Ca2+ addition, compared to only 36.6 for the control reactor. 29965367 6 18 dep transform 1351:1359 arg1 infrared 1361:1368 infrared 1361:1368 transform infrared spectrum 1351:1377 Analysis using three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed that Ca2+ addition changed the compositional characteristics of EPS. 29965367 2 19 theme set-up 620:625 arg1 period 627:632 set-up period 620:632 set-up period 620:632 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated continuously for 35 days to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge during set-up period. 29965367 7 20 theme settling 1547:1554 arg1 properties 1556:1565 the settling properties 1543:1565 the settling properties of activated sludge 1543:1585 Results from this study provided a fundamental knowledge basis for the improvement of the settling properties of activated sludge with calcium ion addition. 29965367 0 21 theme Set-up 106:111 arg1 Period 113:118 Set-up Period 106:118 Set-up Period of Sequencing Batch Reactors 106:147 [Evolution of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of the Activated Sludge with Calcium Ion Addition During Set-up Period of Sequencing Batch Reactors]. 29965367 1 22 dep the 302:304 arg1 aid 306:308 aid 306:308 aid 306:308 Great attention has been paid to accelerate the start-up period and enhance floc properties and structural stability in activated sludge reactors with the aid of inorganic chemical agents such as calcium ion. 29965367 2 23 theme sludge 606:611 arg1 properties 524:533 the physicochemical properties 504:533 the physicochemical properties 504:533 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated continuously for 35 days to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge during set-up period. 29965367 2 23 theme sludge 606:611 arg1 evolution 539:547 evolution 539:547 evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge 539:611 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated continuously for 35 days to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge during set-up period. 29965367 1 24 with reactors 288:295 arg1 the 302:304 the 302:304 the 302:304 Great attention has been paid to accelerate the start-up period and enhance floc properties and structural stability in activated sludge reactors with the aid of inorganic chemical agents such as calcium ion. 29965367 4 25 theme EPS 1027:1029 arg1 contents 1015:1022 the contents 1011:1022 the contents of EPS, polysaccharides (PS) and proteins (PN) 1011:1069 Compared with the control system, the contents of EPS, polysaccharides (PS) and proteins (PN) were increased by 76.4%, 28.8% and 31.6% under the condition of Ca2+ dosage of 150 mg·L-1. 29965367 2 26 theme batch 392:396 arg1 SBRs 408:411 SBRs 408:411 SBRs 408:411 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated continuously for 35 days to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge during set-up period. 29965367 2 26 theme batch 392:396 arg1 reactors 398:405 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors 360:405 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) 360:412 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated continuously for 35 days to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge during set-up period. 29965367 4 27 theme dosage 1140:1145 arg1 condition 1122:1130 the condition 1118:1130 the condition of Ca2+ dosage of 150 mg·L-1 1118:1159 Compared with the control system, the contents of EPS, polysaccharides (PS) and proteins (PN) were increased by 76.4%, 28.8% and 31.6% under the condition of Ca2+ dosage of 150 mg·L-1. 29965367 2 28 theme activated 596:604 arg1 sludge 606:611 activated sludge 596:611 activated sludge 596:611 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated continuously for 35 days to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge during set-up period. 29965367 3 29 theme mg·L-1Ca2+ 712:721 arg1 addition 696:703 the addition 692:703 the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent 692:737 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 2 30 theme sequencing 381:390 arg1 SBRs 408:411 SBRs 408:411 SBRs 408:411 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated continuously for 35 days to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge during set-up period. 29965367 2 30 theme sequencing 381:390 arg1 reactors 398:405 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors 360:405 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) 360:412 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated continuously for 35 days to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge during set-up period. 29965367 2 31 theme physicochemical 508:522 arg1 properties 524:533 the physicochemical properties 504:533 the physicochemical properties 504:533 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated continuously for 35 days to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge during set-up period. 29965367 1 32 theme activated 271:279 arg1 reactors 288:295 activated sludge reactors 271:295 activated sludge reactors with the aid of inorganic chemical agents such as calcium ion 271:357 Great attention has been paid to accelerate the start-up period and enhance floc properties and structural stability in activated sludge reactors with the aid of inorganic chemical agents such as calcium ion. 29965367 7 33 from study 1475:1479 arg1 Results 1457:1463 Results 1457:1463 Results from this study 1457:1479 Results from this study provided a fundamental knowledge basis for the improvement of the settling properties of activated sludge with calcium ion addition. 29965367 4 34 theme control 995:1001 arg1 system 1003:1008 the control system 991:1008 the control system 991:1008 Compared with the control system, the contents of EPS, polysaccharides (PS) and proteins (PN) were increased by 76.4%, 28.8% and 31.6% under the condition of Ca2+ dosage of 150 mg·L-1. 29965367 2 35 theme laboratory-scale 364:379 arg1 SBRs 408:411 SBRs 408:411 SBRs 408:411 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated continuously for 35 days to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge during set-up period. 29965367 2 35 theme laboratory-scale 364:379 arg1 reactors 398:405 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors 360:405 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) 360:412 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated continuously for 35 days to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge during set-up period. 29965367 0 36 theme Polymeric 28:36 arg1 Substances 38:47 Extracellular Polymeric Substances 14:47 Extracellular Polymeric Substances of the Activated Sludge 14:71 [Evolution of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of the Activated Sludge with Calcium Ion Addition During Set-up Period of Sequencing Batch Reactors]. 29965367 1 37 theme sludge 281:286 arg1 reactors 288:295 activated sludge reactors 271:295 activated sludge reactors with the aid of inorganic chemical agents such as calcium ion 271:357 Great attention has been paid to accelerate the start-up period and enhance floc properties and structural stability in activated sludge reactors with the aid of inorganic chemical agents such as calcium ion. 29965367 0 38 theme Sequencing 123:132 arg1 Reactors 140:147 Sequencing Batch Reactors 123:147 Sequencing Batch Reactors 123:147 [Evolution of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of the Activated Sludge with Calcium Ion Addition During Set-up Period of Sequencing Batch Reactors]. 29965367 3 39 theme sludge 919:924 arg1 SVI 940:942 SVI 940:942 SVI 940:942 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 3 39 theme sludge 919:924 arg1 index 933:937 the sludge volume index 915:937 the sludge volume index (SVI) 915:943 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 7 40 theme fundamental 1492:1502 arg1 basis 1514:1518 a fundamental knowledge basis 1490:1518 a fundamental knowledge basis for the improvement of the settling properties of activated sludge with calcium ion addition 1490:1611 Results from this study provided a fundamental knowledge basis for the improvement of the settling properties of activated sludge with calcium ion addition. 29965367 0 41 theme Extracellular 14:26 arg1 Substances 38:47 Extracellular Polymeric Substances 14:47 Extracellular Polymeric Substances of the Activated Sludge 14:71 [Evolution of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of the Activated Sludge with Calcium Ion Addition During Set-up Period of Sequencing Batch Reactors]. 29965367 7 42 theme knowledge 1504:1512 arg1 basis 1514:1518 a fundamental knowledge basis 1490:1518 a fundamental knowledge basis for the improvement of the settling properties of activated sludge with calcium ion addition 1490:1611 Results from this study provided a fundamental knowledge basis for the improvement of the settling properties of activated sludge with calcium ion addition. 29965367 0 43 theme Reactors 140:147 arg1 Period 113:118 Set-up Period 106:118 Set-up Period of Sequencing Batch Reactors 106:147 [Evolution of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of the Activated Sludge with Calcium Ion Addition During Set-up Period of Sequencing Batch Reactors]. 29965367 2 44 from effect 472:477 arg1 properties 524:533 the physicochemical properties 504:533 the physicochemical properties 504:533 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated continuously for 35 days to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge during set-up period. 29965367 2 44 from effect 472:477 arg1 evolution 539:547 evolution 539:547 evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge 539:611 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated continuously for 35 days to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge during set-up period. 29965367 3 45 from % 866:866 arg1 d 884:884 28 d 881:884 28 d 881:884 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 7 46 theme calcium 1592:1598 arg1 addition 1604:1611 calcium ion addition 1592:1611 calcium ion addition 1592:1611 Results from this study provided a fundamental knowledge basis for the improvement of the settling properties of activated sludge with calcium ion addition. 29965367 1 47 theme start-up 199:206 arg1 period 208:213 the start-up period 195:213 the start-up period 195:213 Great attention has been paid to accelerate the start-up period and enhance floc properties and structural stability in activated sludge reactors with the aid of inorganic chemical agents such as calcium ion. 29965367 0 48 theme Substances 38:47 arg1 [Evolution 0:9 [Evolution 0:9 [Evolution of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of the Activated Sludge with Calcium Ion Addition During Set-up Period of Sequencing Batch Reactors 0:147 [Evolution of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of the Activated Sludge with Calcium Ion Addition During Set-up Period of Sequencing Batch Reactors]. 29965367 0 49 theme Batch 134:138 arg1 Reactors 140:147 Sequencing Batch Reactors 123:147 Sequencing Batch Reactors 123:147 [Evolution of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of the Activated Sludge with Calcium Ion Addition During Set-up Period of Sequencing Batch Reactors]. 29965367 6 50 theme compositional 1419:1431 arg1 characteristics 1433:1447 the compositional characteristics 1415:1447 the compositional characteristics of EPS 1415:1454 Analysis using three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed that Ca2+ addition changed the compositional characteristics of EPS. 29965367 6 51 theme EPS 1452:1454 arg1 characteristics 1433:1447 the compositional characteristics 1415:1447 the compositional characteristics of EPS 1415:1454 Analysis using three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed that Ca2+ addition changed the compositional characteristics of EPS. 29965367 0 52 theme Activated 56:64 arg1 Sludge 66:71 the Activated Sludge 52:71 the Activated Sludge 52:71 [Evolution of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of the Activated Sludge with Calcium Ion Addition During Set-up Period of Sequencing Batch Reactors]. 29965367 6 53 dep Fourier 1343:1349 arg1 transform 1351:1359 transform 1351:1359 transform infrared spectrum 1351:1377 Analysis using three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed that Ca2+ addition changed the compositional characteristics of EPS. 29965367 2 54 theme polymeric 566:574 arg1 EPS 588:590 EPS 588:590 EPS 588:590 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated continuously for 35 days to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge during set-up period. 29965367 2 54 theme polymeric 566:574 arg1 substances 576:585 extracellular polymeric substances 552:585 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 552:591 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated continuously for 35 days to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge during set-up period. 29965367 2 55 theme calcium 482:488 arg1 Ca2+ 495:498 Ca2+ 495:498 Ca2+ 495:498 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated continuously for 35 days to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge during set-up period. 29965367 2 55 theme calcium 482:488 arg1 ion 490:492 calcium ion 482:492 calcium ion (Ca2+) 482:499 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated continuously for 35 days to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge during set-up period. 29965367 5 56 theme Ca2+ 1191:1194 arg1 addition 1196:1203 Ca2+ addition 1191:1203 Ca2+ addition 1191:1203 The PS/PN ratio was 68.8 for Ca2+ addition, compared to only 36.6 for the control reactor. 29965367 2 57 theme extracellular 552:564 arg1 EPS 588:590 EPS 588:590 EPS 588:590 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated continuously for 35 days to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge during set-up period. 29965367 2 57 theme extracellular 552:564 arg1 substances 576:585 extracellular polymeric substances 552:585 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 552:591 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated continuously for 35 days to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge during set-up period. 29965367 7 58 with improvement 1528:1538 arg1 addition 1604:1611 calcium ion addition 1592:1611 calcium ion addition 1592:1611 Results from this study provided a fundamental knowledge basis for the improvement of the settling properties of activated sludge with calcium ion addition. 29965367 3 59 from % 876:876 arg1 d 884:884 28 d 881:884 28 d 881:884 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 3 60 theme ion 677:679 arg1 addition 681:688 non-calcium ion addition 665:688 non-calcium ion addition 665:688 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 3 60 theme ion 677:679 arg1 control 656:662 the control 652:662 the control (non-calcium ion addition) 652:689 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 3 61 theme mixed 812:816 arg1 MLVSS 852:856 MLVSS 852:856 MLVSS 852:856 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 3 61 theme mixed 812:816 arg1 solids 844:849 the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids 808:849 the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) 808:857 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 1 62 theme inorganic 313:321 arg1 ion 355:357 calcium ion 347:357 calcium ion 347:357 Great attention has been paid to accelerate the start-up period and enhance floc properties and structural stability in activated sludge reactors with the aid of inorganic chemical agents such as calcium ion. 29965367 1 62 theme inorganic 313:321 arg1 agents 332:337 inorganic chemical agents 313:337 inorganic chemical agents such as calcium ion 313:357 Great attention has been paid to accelerate the start-up period and enhance floc properties and structural stability in activated sludge reactors with the aid of inorganic chemical agents such as calcium ion. 29965367 7 63 theme ion 1600:1602 arg1 addition 1604:1611 calcium ion addition 1592:1611 calcium ion addition 1592:1611 Results from this study provided a fundamental knowledge basis for the improvement of the settling properties of activated sludge with calcium ion addition. 29965367 6 64 theme matrix 1306:1311 arg1 spectroscopy 1326:1337 three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy 1268:1337 three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy 1268:1337 Analysis using three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed that Ca2+ addition changed the compositional characteristics of EPS. 29965367 0 65 with [Evolution 0:9 arg1 Addition 90:97 Calcium Ion Addition 78:97 Calcium Ion Addition 78:97 [Evolution of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of the Activated Sludge with Calcium Ion Addition During Set-up Period of Sequencing Batch Reactors]. 29965367 7 66 theme sludge 1580:1585 arg1 properties 1556:1565 the settling properties 1543:1565 the settling properties of activated sludge 1543:1585 Results from this study provided a fundamental knowledge basis for the improvement of the settling properties of activated sludge with calcium ion addition. 29965367 3 67 theme liquid 818:823 arg1 MLVSS 852:856 MLVSS 852:856 MLVSS 852:856 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 3 67 theme liquid 818:823 arg1 solids 844:849 the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids 808:849 the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) 808:857 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 3 68 theme liquid 773:778 arg1 MLSS 798:801 MLSS 798:801 MLSS 798:801 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 3 68 theme liquid 773:778 arg1 solids 790:795 the mixed liquid suspended solids 763:795 the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) 763:802 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 4 69 theme proteins 1057:1064 arg1 contents 1015:1022 the contents 1011:1022 the contents of EPS, polysaccharides (PS) and proteins (PN) 1011:1069 Compared with the control system, the contents of EPS, polysaccharides (PS) and proteins (PN) were increased by 76.4%, 28.8% and 31.6% under the condition of Ca2+ dosage of 150 mg·L-1. 29965367 4 70 theme polysaccharides 1032:1046 arg1 contents 1015:1022 the contents 1011:1022 the contents of EPS, polysaccharides (PS) and proteins (PN) 1011:1069 Compared with the control system, the contents of EPS, polysaccharides (PS) and proteins (PN) were increased by 76.4%, 28.8% and 31.6% under the condition of Ca2+ dosage of 150 mg·L-1. 29965367 6 71 theme emission 1297:1304 arg1 spectroscopy 1326:1337 three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy 1268:1337 three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy 1268:1337 Analysis using three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed that Ca2+ addition changed the compositional characteristics of EPS. 29965367 3 72 theme suspended 780:788 arg1 MLSS 798:801 MLSS 798:801 MLSS 798:801 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 3 72 theme suspended 780:788 arg1 solids 790:795 the mixed liquid suspended solids 763:795 the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) 763:802 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 2 73 theme ion 490:492 arg1 effect 472:477 the effect 468:477 the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge 468:611 The laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated continuously for 35 days to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties and evolution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge during set-up period. 29965367 7 74 theme activated 1570:1578 arg1 sludge 1580:1585 activated sludge 1570:1585 activated sludge 1570:1585 Results from this study provided a fundamental knowledge basis for the improvement of the settling properties of activated sludge with calcium ion addition. 29965367 6 75 theme excitation 1286:1295 arg1 spectroscopy 1326:1337 three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy 1268:1337 three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy 1268:1337 Analysis using three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed that Ca2+ addition changed the compositional characteristics of EPS. 29965367 1 76 theme floc 227:230 arg1 properties 232:241 floc properties 227:241 floc properties 227:241 Great attention has been paid to accelerate the start-up period and enhance floc properties and structural stability in activated sludge reactors with the aid of inorganic chemical agents such as calcium ion. 29965367 0 77 theme Sludge 66:71 arg1 Substances 38:47 Extracellular Polymeric Substances 14:47 Extracellular Polymeric Substances of the Activated Sludge 14:71 [Evolution of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of the Activated Sludge with Calcium Ion Addition During Set-up Period of Sequencing Batch Reactors]. 29965367 1 78 theme chemical 323:330 arg1 ion 355:357 calcium ion 347:357 calcium ion 347:357 Great attention has been paid to accelerate the start-up period and enhance floc properties and structural stability in activated sludge reactors with the aid of inorganic chemical agents such as calcium ion. 29965367 1 78 theme chemical 323:330 arg1 agents 332:337 inorganic chemical agents 313:337 inorganic chemical agents such as calcium ion 313:357 Great attention has been paid to accelerate the start-up period and enhance floc properties and structural stability in activated sludge reactors with the aid of inorganic chemical agents such as calcium ion. 29965367 6 79 theme three-dimensional 1268:1284 arg1 spectroscopy 1326:1337 three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy 1268:1337 three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy 1268:1337 Analysis using three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed that Ca2+ addition changed the compositional characteristics of EPS. 29965367 3 80 theme mixed 767:771 arg1 MLSS 798:801 MLSS 798:801 MLSS 798:801 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 29965367 3 80 theme mixed 767:771 arg1 solids 790:795 the mixed liquid suspended solids 763:795 the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) 763:802 When compared to the control (non-calcium ion addition), the addition of 150 mg·L-1Ca2+ to the influent significantly increased the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) by 89.6% and 75.6% on 28 d, respectively, and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) by 47.9% following SBRs set-up. 26529317 4 0 theme intracellular 566:578 arg1 delivery 580:587 intracellular delivery 566:587 intracellular delivery 566:587 Here, we report an easy-to-adapt and highly versatile methodology to modulate exosome composition and conjugate exosomes for intracellular delivery. 26529317 5 1 theme metabolic 616:624 arg1 labeling 626:633 the metabolic labeling 612:633 the metabolic labeling of newly synthesized proteins or glycan/glycoproteins of exosome-secreting cells 612:714 Our strategy combines the metabolic labeling of newly synthesized proteins or glycan/glycoproteins of exosome-secreting cells with active azides and bioorthogonal click conjugation to modify and functionalize the exosomes. 26529317 7 2 dep functions 1040:1048 arg1 exosomes 1015:1022 exosomes 1015:1022 exosomes 1015:1022 The metabolic engineering of exosomes diversifies the chemistry of exosomes and expands the functions that can be introduced into exosomes, providing novel, powerful tools to study the roles of exosomes in biology and expand the biomedical potential of exosomes. 26529317 7 2 dep functions 1040:1048 arg1 expands 1028:1034 expands 1028:1034 expands 1028:1034 The metabolic engineering of exosomes diversifies the chemistry of exosomes and expands the functions that can be introduced into exosomes, providing novel, powerful tools to study the roles of exosomes in biology and expand the biomedical potential of exosomes. 26529317 3 3 theme disease 384:390 arg1 diagnosis 392:400 disease diagnosis 384:400 disease diagnosis 384:400 Therefore, exosomes have emerged as novel biomarkers for disease diagnosis and as nanocarriers for drug delivery. 26529317 5 4 theme exosome-secreting 692:708 arg1 cells 710:714 exosome-secreting cells 692:714 exosome-secreting cells 692:714 Our strategy combines the metabolic labeling of newly synthesized proteins or glycan/glycoproteins of exosome-secreting cells with active azides and bioorthogonal click conjugation to modify and functionalize the exosomes. 26529317 7 5 theme novel 1098:1102 arg1 tools 1114:1118 powerful tools 1105:1118 powerful tools 1105:1118 The metabolic engineering of exosomes diversifies the chemistry of exosomes and expands the functions that can be introduced into exosomes, providing novel, powerful tools to study the roles of exosomes in biology and expand the biomedical potential of exosomes. 26529317 5 6 theme cells 710:714 arg1 glycan/glycoproteins 668:687 glycan/glycoproteins 668:687 glycan/glycoproteins of exosome-secreting cells 668:714 Our strategy combines the metabolic labeling of newly synthesized proteins or glycan/glycoproteins of exosome-secreting cells with active azides and bioorthogonal click conjugation to modify and functionalize the exosomes. 26529317 5 6 theme cells 710:714 arg1 proteins 656:663 newly synthesized proteins 638:663 newly synthesized proteins 638:663 Our strategy combines the metabolic labeling of newly synthesized proteins or glycan/glycoproteins of exosome-secreting cells with active azides and bioorthogonal click conjugation to modify and functionalize the exosomes. 26529317 7 7 theme powerful 1105:1112 arg1 tools 1114:1118 powerful tools 1105:1118 powerful tools 1105:1118 The metabolic engineering of exosomes diversifies the chemistry of exosomes and expands the functions that can be introduced into exosomes, providing novel, powerful tools to study the roles of exosomes in biology and expand the biomedical potential of exosomes. 26529317 0 8 theme Intracellular 109:121 arg1 Delivery 123:130 Intracellular Delivery 109:130 Intracellular Delivery 109:130 Integrating Protein Engineering and Bioorthogonal Click Conjugation for Extracellular Vesicle Modulation and Intracellular Delivery. 26529317 4 9 theme conjugate 543:551 arg1 exosomes 553:560 conjugate exosomes 543:560 conjugate exosomes 543:560 Here, we report an easy-to-adapt and highly versatile methodology to modulate exosome composition and conjugate exosomes for intracellular delivery. 26529317 4 10 theme easy-to-adapt 460:472 arg1 methodology 495:505 an easy-to-adapt and highly versatile methodology 457:505 an easy-to-adapt and highly versatile methodology to modulate exosome composition and conjugate exosomes for intracellular delivery 457:587 Here, we report an easy-to-adapt and highly versatile methodology to modulate exosome composition and conjugate exosomes for intracellular delivery. 26529317 5 11 gly glycan/glycoproteins 668:687 arg1 glycan/glycoproteins 668:687 glycan/glycoproteins 668:687 glycan/glycoproteins of exosome-secreting cells 668:714 Our strategy combines the metabolic labeling of newly synthesized proteins or glycan/glycoproteins of exosome-secreting cells with active azides and bioorthogonal click conjugation to modify and functionalize the exosomes. 26529317 5 12 theme active 721:726 arg1 azides 728:733 active azides 721:733 active azides 721:733 Our strategy combines the metabolic labeling of newly synthesized proteins or glycan/glycoproteins of exosome-secreting cells with active azides and bioorthogonal click conjugation to modify and functionalize the exosomes. 26529317 5 13 theme proteins 656:663 arg1 labeling 626:633 the metabolic labeling 612:633 the metabolic labeling of newly synthesized proteins or glycan/glycoproteins of exosome-secreting cells 612:714 Our strategy combines the metabolic labeling of newly synthesized proteins or glycan/glycoproteins of exosome-secreting cells with active azides and bioorthogonal click conjugation to modify and functionalize the exosomes. 26529317 1 14 dep small 146:150 arg1 cell-secreted 153:165 cell-secreted 153:165 cell-secreted 153:165 Exosomes are small, cell-secreted vesicles that transfer proteins and genetic information between cells. 26529317 1 15 theme genetic 203:209 arg1 information 211:221 genetic information 203:221 genetic information 203:221 Exosomes are small, cell-secreted vesicles that transfer proteins and genetic information between cells. 26529317 0 16 theme Protein 12:18 arg1 Engineering 20:30 Protein Engineering 12:30 Protein Engineering 12:30 Integrating Protein Engineering and Bioorthogonal Click Conjugation for Extracellular Vesicle Modulation and Intracellular Delivery. 26529317 5 17 theme bioorthogonal 739:751 arg1 conjugation 759:769 bioorthogonal click conjugation 739:769 bioorthogonal click conjugation 739:769 Our strategy combines the metabolic labeling of newly synthesized proteins or glycan/glycoproteins of exosome-secreting cells with active azides and bioorthogonal click conjugation to modify and functionalize the exosomes. 26529317 7 18 theme exosomes 977:984 arg1 engineering 962:972 The metabolic engineering 948:972 The metabolic engineering of exosomes 948:984 The metabolic engineering of exosomes diversifies the chemistry of exosomes and expands the functions that can be introduced into exosomes, providing novel, powerful tools to study the roles of exosomes in biology and expand the biomedical potential of exosomes. 26529317 5 19 theme click 753:757 arg1 conjugation 759:769 bioorthogonal click conjugation 739:769 bioorthogonal click conjugation 739:769 Our strategy combines the metabolic labeling of newly synthesized proteins or glycan/glycoproteins of exosome-secreting cells with active azides and bioorthogonal click conjugation to modify and functionalize the exosomes. 26529317 5 20 theme glycan/glycoproteins 668:687 arg1 labeling 626:633 the metabolic labeling 612:633 the metabolic labeling of newly synthesized proteins or glycan/glycoproteins of exosome-secreting cells 612:714 Our strategy combines the metabolic labeling of newly synthesized proteins or glycan/glycoproteins of exosome-secreting cells with active azides and bioorthogonal click conjugation to modify and functionalize the exosomes. 26529317 7 21 theme metabolic 952:960 arg1 engineering 962:972 The metabolic engineering 948:972 The metabolic engineering of exosomes 948:984 The metabolic engineering of exosomes diversifies the chemistry of exosomes and expands the functions that can be introduced into exosomes, providing novel, powerful tools to study the roles of exosomes in biology and expand the biomedical potential of exosomes. 26529317 7 22 theme biomedical 1177:1186 arg1 potential 1188:1196 the biomedical potential 1173:1196 the biomedical potential of exosomes 1173:1208 The metabolic engineering of exosomes diversifies the chemistry of exosomes and expands the functions that can be introduced into exosomes, providing novel, powerful tools to study the roles of exosomes in biology and expand the biomedical potential of exosomes. 26529317 6 23 theme proteins 888:895 arg1 proteins 888:895 proteins 888:895 proteins 888:895 The azide-integrated can be conjugated to a variety of small molecules and proteins and can efficiently deliver conjugates into cells. 26529317 6 23 theme proteins 888:895 arg1 variety 857:863 a variety 855:863 a variety of small molecules and proteins 855:895 The azide-integrated can be conjugated to a variety of small molecules and proteins and can efficiently deliver conjugates into cells. 26529317 6 23 theme proteins 888:895 arg1 molecules 874:882 small molecules 868:882 small molecules 868:882 The azide-integrated can be conjugated to a variety of small molecules and proteins and can efficiently deliver conjugates into cells. 26529317 0 24 theme Click 50:54 arg1 Conjugation 56:66 Bioorthogonal Click Conjugation 36:66 Bioorthogonal Click Conjugation 36:66 Integrating Protein Engineering and Bioorthogonal Click Conjugation for Extracellular Vesicle Modulation and Intracellular Delivery. 26529317 2 25 theme physiological 285:297 arg1 processes 316:324 many physiological and pathological processes 280:324 many physiological and pathological processes 280:324 This intercellular transmission regulates many physiological and pathological processes. 26529317 7 26 from roles 1133:1137 arg1 biology 1154:1160 biology 1154:1160 biology 1154:1160 The metabolic engineering of exosomes diversifies the chemistry of exosomes and expands the functions that can be introduced into exosomes, providing novel, powerful tools to study the roles of exosomes in biology and expand the biomedical potential of exosomes. 26529317 0 27 theme Bioorthogonal 36:48 arg1 Conjugation 56:66 Bioorthogonal Click Conjugation 36:66 Bioorthogonal Click Conjugation 36:66 Integrating Protein Engineering and Bioorthogonal Click Conjugation for Extracellular Vesicle Modulation and Intracellular Delivery. 26529317 2 28 theme many 280:283 arg1 processes 316:324 many physiological and pathological processes 280:324 many physiological and pathological processes 280:324 This intercellular transmission regulates many physiological and pathological processes. 26529317 3 29 theme novel 363:367 arg1 biomarkers 369:378 novel biomarkers 363:378 novel biomarkers for disease diagnosis and as nanocarriers for drug delivery 363:438 Therefore, exosomes have emerged as novel biomarkers for disease diagnosis and as nanocarriers for drug delivery. 26529317 4 30 theme exosome 519:525 arg1 composition 527:537 exosome composition 519:537 exosome composition 519:537 Here, we report an easy-to-adapt and highly versatile methodology to modulate exosome composition and conjugate exosomes for intracellular delivery. 26529317 6 31 theme molecules 874:882 arg1 proteins 888:895 proteins 888:895 proteins 888:895 The azide-integrated can be conjugated to a variety of small molecules and proteins and can efficiently deliver conjugates into cells. 26529317 6 31 theme molecules 874:882 arg1 variety 857:863 a variety 855:863 a variety of small molecules and proteins 855:895 The azide-integrated can be conjugated to a variety of small molecules and proteins and can efficiently deliver conjugates into cells. 26529317 6 31 theme molecules 874:882 arg1 molecules 874:882 small molecules 868:882 small molecules 868:882 The azide-integrated can be conjugated to a variety of small molecules and proteins and can efficiently deliver conjugates into cells. 26529317 2 32 theme intercellular 243:255 arg1 transmission 257:268 This intercellular transmission 238:268 This intercellular transmission 238:268 This intercellular transmission regulates many physiological and pathological processes. 26529317 6 33 theme small 868:872 arg1 molecules 874:882 small molecules 868:882 small molecules 868:882 The azide-integrated can be conjugated to a variety of small molecules and proteins and can efficiently deliver conjugates into cells. 26529317 1 34 theme small 146:150 arg1 vesicles 167:174 small, cell-secreted vesicles 146:174 small, cell-secreted vesicles that transfer proteins and genetic information between cells 146:235 Exosomes are small, cell-secreted vesicles that transfer proteins and genetic information between cells. 26529317 1 34 theme small 146:150 arg1 Exosomes 133:140 Exosomes 133:140 Exosomes 133:140 Exosomes are small, cell-secreted vesicles that transfer proteins and genetic information between cells. 26529317 7 35 theme exosomes 1142:1149 arg1 roles 1133:1137 the roles 1129:1137 the roles of exosomes in biology 1129:1160 The metabolic engineering of exosomes diversifies the chemistry of exosomes and expands the functions that can be introduced into exosomes, providing novel, powerful tools to study the roles of exosomes in biology and expand the biomedical potential of exosomes. 26529317 5 36 theme synthesized 644:654 arg1 proteins 656:663 newly synthesized proteins 638:663 newly synthesized proteins 638:663 Our strategy combines the metabolic labeling of newly synthesized proteins or glycan/glycoproteins of exosome-secreting cells with active azides and bioorthogonal click conjugation to modify and functionalize the exosomes. 26529317 7 37 theme expands 1028:1034 arg1 chemistry 1002:1010 the chemistry 998:1010 the chemistry of exosomes and expands the functions that can be introduced into exosomes 998:1085 The metabolic engineering of exosomes diversifies the chemistry of exosomes and expands the functions that can be introduced into exosomes, providing novel, powerful tools to study the roles of exosomes in biology and expand the biomedical potential of exosomes. 26529317 7 38 theme exosomes 1201:1208 arg1 potential 1188:1196 the biomedical potential 1173:1196 the biomedical potential of exosomes 1173:1208 The metabolic engineering of exosomes diversifies the chemistry of exosomes and expands the functions that can be introduced into exosomes, providing novel, powerful tools to study the roles of exosomes in biology and expand the biomedical potential of exosomes. 26529317 0 39 theme Vesicle 86:92 arg1 Modulation 94:103 Extracellular Vesicle Modulation 72:103 Extracellular Vesicle Modulation 72:103 Integrating Protein Engineering and Bioorthogonal Click Conjugation for Extracellular Vesicle Modulation and Intracellular Delivery. 26529317 4 40 theme versatile 485:493 arg1 methodology 495:505 an easy-to-adapt and highly versatile methodology 457:505 an easy-to-adapt and highly versatile methodology to modulate exosome composition and conjugate exosomes for intracellular delivery 457:587 Here, we report an easy-to-adapt and highly versatile methodology to modulate exosome composition and conjugate exosomes for intracellular delivery. 26529317 2 41 theme pathological 303:314 arg1 processes 316:324 many physiological and pathological processes 280:324 many physiological and pathological processes 280:324 This intercellular transmission regulates many physiological and pathological processes. 26529317 0 42 theme Extracellular 72:84 arg1 Modulation 94:103 Extracellular Vesicle Modulation 72:103 Extracellular Vesicle Modulation 72:103 Integrating Protein Engineering and Bioorthogonal Click Conjugation for Extracellular Vesicle Modulation and Intracellular Delivery. 26529317 7 43 theme exosomes 1015:1022 arg1 chemistry 1002:1010 the chemistry 998:1010 the chemistry of exosomes and expands the functions that can be introduced into exosomes 998:1085 The metabolic engineering of exosomes diversifies the chemistry of exosomes and expands the functions that can be introduced into exosomes, providing novel, powerful tools to study the roles of exosomes in biology and expand the biomedical potential of exosomes. 26529317 3 44 theme drug 426:429 arg1 delivery 431:438 drug delivery 426:438 drug delivery 426:438 Therefore, exosomes have emerged as novel biomarkers for disease diagnosis and as nanocarriers for drug delivery. 31961521 1 0 theme Surface 172:178 arg1 changes 195:201 Surface characteristic changes 172:201 Surface characteristic changes to poplar after ammonia and organosolv pretreatments 172:254 Surface characteristic changes to poplar after ammonia and organosolv pretreatments were investigated by means of time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis. 31961521 5 1 theme important 1010:1018 arg1 information 1020:1030 important information 1010:1030 important information about the effects of pretreatment on biomass properties and its hydrolysis 1010:1105 These results demonstrate that surface characterization using TOF-SIMS can provide important information about the effects of pretreatment on biomass properties and its hydrolysis. 31961521 2 2 theme value 536:540 arg1 content 565:571 the cellulose content 551:571 the cellulose content in the biomass 551:586 Whereas normalized total polysaccharides and lignin contents on the surface differed from bulk chemical compositions, the surface cellulose ions detected by TOF-SIMS showed the same value trend as the cellulose content in the biomass. 31961521 2 2 theme value 536:540 arg1 trend 542:546 the same value trend 527:546 the same value trend 527:546 Whereas normalized total polysaccharides and lignin contents on the surface differed from bulk chemical compositions, the surface cellulose ions detected by TOF-SIMS showed the same value trend as the cellulose content in the biomass. 31961521 3 3 theme NMR 723:725 arg1 analysis 741:748 NMR spectroscopic analysis 723:748 NMR spectroscopic analysis 723:748 In addition, the lignin syringyl/guaiacyl ratio according to TOF-SIMS results showed the same trend as the ratio measured by means of NMR spectroscopic analysis, even though the ratio scales for each method were different. 31961521 4 4 theme enzymatic 905:913 arg1 hydrolysis 915:924 enzymatic hydrolysis 905:924 enzymatic hydrolysis 905:924 A similar correlation was determined between the surface cellulose and glucose release after enzymatic hydrolysis. 31961521 2 5 from polysaccharides 379:393 arg1 surface 422:428 the surface 418:428 the surface 418:428 Whereas normalized total polysaccharides and lignin contents on the surface differed from bulk chemical compositions, the surface cellulose ions detected by TOF-SIMS showed the same value trend as the cellulose content in the biomass. 31961521 1 6 theme characteristic 180:193 arg1 changes 195:201 Surface characteristic changes 172:201 Surface characteristic changes to poplar after ammonia and organosolv pretreatments 172:254 Surface characteristic changes to poplar after ammonia and organosolv pretreatments were investigated by means of time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis. 31961521 1 7 theme time-of-flight 286:299 arg1 TOF-SIMS 334:341 TOF-SIMS 334:341 TOF-SIMS 334:341 Surface characteristic changes to poplar after ammonia and organosolv pretreatments were investigated by means of time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis. 31961521 1 7 theme time-of-flight 286:299 arg1 spectrometry 320:331 time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry 286:331 time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis 286:351 Surface characteristic changes to poplar after ammonia and organosolv pretreatments were investigated by means of time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis. 31961521 3 8 theme spectroscopic 727:739 arg1 analysis 741:748 NMR spectroscopic analysis 723:748 NMR spectroscopic analysis 723:748 In addition, the lignin syringyl/guaiacyl ratio according to TOF-SIMS results showed the same trend as the ratio measured by means of NMR spectroscopic analysis, even though the ratio scales for each method were different. 31961521 5 9 theme biomass 1069:1075 arg1 properties 1077:1086 biomass properties 1069:1086 biomass properties 1069:1086 These results demonstrate that surface characterization using TOF-SIMS can provide important information about the effects of pretreatment on biomass properties and its hydrolysis. 31961521 1 10 theme secondary-ion 301:313 arg1 TOF-SIMS 334:341 TOF-SIMS 334:341 TOF-SIMS 334:341 Surface characteristic changes to poplar after ammonia and organosolv pretreatments were investigated by means of time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis. 31961521 1 10 theme secondary-ion 301:313 arg1 spectrometry 320:331 time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry 286:331 time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis 286:351 Surface characteristic changes to poplar after ammonia and organosolv pretreatments were investigated by means of time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis. 31961521 3 11 theme lignin 606:611 arg1 ratio 631:635 the lignin syringyl/guaiacyl ratio 602:635 the lignin syringyl/guaiacyl ratio according to TOF-SIMS results 602:665 In addition, the lignin syringyl/guaiacyl ratio according to TOF-SIMS results showed the same trend as the ratio measured by means of NMR spectroscopic analysis, even though the ratio scales for each method were different. 31961521 1 12 theme mass 315:318 arg1 TOF-SIMS 334:341 TOF-SIMS 334:341 TOF-SIMS 334:341 Surface characteristic changes to poplar after ammonia and organosolv pretreatments were investigated by means of time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis. 31961521 1 12 theme mass 315:318 arg1 spectrometry 320:331 time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry 286:331 time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis 286:351 Surface characteristic changes to poplar after ammonia and organosolv pretreatments were investigated by means of time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis. 31961521 0 13 theme Secondary-Ion 128:140 arg1 TOF-SIMS 161:168 TOF-SIMS 161:168 TOF-SIMS 161:168 Understanding the Changes to Biomass Surface Characteristics after Ammonia and Organosolv Pretreatments by Using Time-of-Flight Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). 31961521 0 13 theme Secondary-Ion 128:140 arg1 Spectrometry 147:158 Time-of-Flight Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry 113:158 Time-of-Flight Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) 113:169 Understanding the Changes to Biomass Surface Characteristics after Ammonia and Organosolv Pretreatments by Using Time-of-Flight Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). 31961521 3 14 theme ratio 767:771 arg1 different 801:809 different 801:809 different 801:809 In addition, the lignin syringyl/guaiacyl ratio according to TOF-SIMS results showed the same trend as the ratio measured by means of NMR spectroscopic analysis, even though the ratio scales for each method were different. 31961521 3 14 theme ratio 767:771 arg1 scales 773:778 the ratio scales 763:778 the ratio scales for each method 763:794 In addition, the lignin syringyl/guaiacyl ratio according to TOF-SIMS results showed the same trend as the ratio measured by means of NMR spectroscopic analysis, even though the ratio scales for each method were different. 31961521 4 15 theme glucose 883:889 arg1 release 891:897 glucose release 883:897 glucose release 883:897 A similar correlation was determined between the surface cellulose and glucose release after enzymatic hydrolysis. 31961521 2 16 theme chemical 449:456 arg1 compositions 458:469 bulk chemical compositions 444:469 bulk chemical compositions 444:469 Whereas normalized total polysaccharides and lignin contents on the surface differed from bulk chemical compositions, the surface cellulose ions detected by TOF-SIMS showed the same value trend as the cellulose content in the biomass. 31961521 0 17 theme Time-of-Flight 113:126 arg1 TOF-SIMS 161:168 TOF-SIMS 161:168 TOF-SIMS 161:168 Understanding the Changes to Biomass Surface Characteristics after Ammonia and Organosolv Pretreatments by Using Time-of-Flight Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). 31961521 0 17 theme Time-of-Flight 113:126 arg1 Spectrometry 147:158 Time-of-Flight Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry 113:158 Time-of-Flight Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) 113:169 Understanding the Changes to Biomass Surface Characteristics after Ammonia and Organosolv Pretreatments by Using Time-of-Flight Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). 31961521 1 18 dep analysis 344:351 arg1 means 277:281 means 277:281 means 277:281 Surface characteristic changes to poplar after ammonia and organosolv pretreatments were investigated by means of time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis. 31961521 0 19 theme Surface 37:43 arg1 Characteristics 45:59 Biomass Surface Characteristics 29:59 Biomass Surface Characteristics 29:59 Understanding the Changes to Biomass Surface Characteristics after Ammonia and Organosolv Pretreatments by Using Time-of-Flight Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). 31961521 5 20 theme pretreatment 1053:1064 arg1 effects 1042:1048 the effects 1038:1048 the effects of pretreatment on biomass properties and its hydrolysis 1038:1105 These results demonstrate that surface characterization using TOF-SIMS can provide important information about the effects of pretreatment on biomass properties and its hydrolysis. 31961521 2 21 theme bulk 444:447 arg1 compositions 458:469 bulk chemical compositions 444:469 bulk chemical compositions 444:469 Whereas normalized total polysaccharides and lignin contents on the surface differed from bulk chemical compositions, the surface cellulose ions detected by TOF-SIMS showed the same value trend as the cellulose content in the biomass. 31961521 2 22 from contents 406:413 arg1 surface 422:428 the surface 418:428 the surface 418:428 Whereas normalized total polysaccharides and lignin contents on the surface differed from bulk chemical compositions, the surface cellulose ions detected by TOF-SIMS showed the same value trend as the cellulose content in the biomass. 31961521 2 23 theme normalized 362:371 arg1 polysaccharides 379:393 normalized total polysaccharides 362:393 normalized total polysaccharides 362:393 Whereas normalized total polysaccharides and lignin contents on the surface differed from bulk chemical compositions, the surface cellulose ions detected by TOF-SIMS showed the same value trend as the cellulose content in the biomass. 31961521 4 24 theme similar 814:820 arg1 correlation 822:832 A similar correlation 812:832 A similar correlation 812:832 A similar correlation was determined between the surface cellulose and glucose release after enzymatic hydrolysis. 31961521 1 25 theme spectrometry 320:331 arg1 analysis 344:351 time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis 286:351 time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis 286:351 Surface characteristic changes to poplar after ammonia and organosolv pretreatments were investigated by means of time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis. 31961521 3 26 theme syringyl/guaiacyl 613:629 arg1 ratio 631:635 the lignin syringyl/guaiacyl ratio 602:635 the lignin syringyl/guaiacyl ratio according to TOF-SIMS results 602:665 In addition, the lignin syringyl/guaiacyl ratio according to TOF-SIMS results showed the same trend as the ratio measured by means of NMR spectroscopic analysis, even though the ratio scales for each method were different. 31961521 5 27 theme surface 958:964 arg1 characterization 966:981 surface characterization 958:981 surface characterization using TOF-SIMS 958:996 These results demonstrate that surface characterization using TOF-SIMS can provide important information about the effects of pretreatment on biomass properties and its hydrolysis. 31961521 2 28 theme surface 476:482 arg1 ions 494:497 the surface cellulose ions 472:497 the surface cellulose ions detected by TOF-SIMS 472:518 Whereas normalized total polysaccharides and lignin contents on the surface differed from bulk chemical compositions, the surface cellulose ions detected by TOF-SIMS showed the same value trend as the cellulose content in the biomass. 31961521 2 29 theme cellulose 484:492 arg1 ions 494:497 the surface cellulose ions 472:497 the surface cellulose ions detected by TOF-SIMS 472:518 Whereas normalized total polysaccharides and lignin contents on the surface differed from bulk chemical compositions, the surface cellulose ions detected by TOF-SIMS showed the same value trend as the cellulose content in the biomass. 31961521 0 30 theme Mass 142:145 arg1 TOF-SIMS 161:168 TOF-SIMS 161:168 TOF-SIMS 161:168 Understanding the Changes to Biomass Surface Characteristics after Ammonia and Organosolv Pretreatments by Using Time-of-Flight Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). 31961521 0 30 theme Mass 142:145 arg1 Spectrometry 147:158 Time-of-Flight Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry 113:158 Time-of-Flight Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) 113:169 Understanding the Changes to Biomass Surface Characteristics after Ammonia and Organosolv Pretreatments by Using Time-of-Flight Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). 31961521 0 31 dep Ammonia 67:73 arg1 Pretreatments 90:102 Pretreatments 90:102 Pretreatments 90:102 Understanding the Changes to Biomass Surface Characteristics after Ammonia and Organosolv Pretreatments by Using Time-of-Flight Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). 31961521 2 32 theme same 531:534 arg1 content 565:571 the cellulose content 551:571 the cellulose content in the biomass 551:586 Whereas normalized total polysaccharides and lignin contents on the surface differed from bulk chemical compositions, the surface cellulose ions detected by TOF-SIMS showed the same value trend as the cellulose content in the biomass. 31961521 2 32 theme same 531:534 arg1 trend 542:546 the same value trend 527:546 the same value trend 527:546 Whereas normalized total polysaccharides and lignin contents on the surface differed from bulk chemical compositions, the surface cellulose ions detected by TOF-SIMS showed the same value trend as the cellulose content in the biomass. 31961521 1 33 theme organosolv 231:240 arg1 pretreatments 242:254 organosolv pretreatments 231:254 organosolv pretreatments 231:254 Surface characteristic changes to poplar after ammonia and organosolv pretreatments were investigated by means of time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis. 31961521 0 34 theme Biomass 29:35 arg1 Characteristics 45:59 Biomass Surface Characteristics 29:59 Biomass Surface Characteristics 29:59 Understanding the Changes to Biomass Surface Characteristics after Ammonia and Organosolv Pretreatments by Using Time-of-Flight Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). 31961521 3 35 theme TOF-SIMS 650:657 arg1 results 659:665 TOF-SIMS results 650:665 TOF-SIMS results 650:665 In addition, the lignin syringyl/guaiacyl ratio according to TOF-SIMS results showed the same trend as the ratio measured by means of NMR spectroscopic analysis, even though the ratio scales for each method were different. 31961521 2 36 theme cellulose 555:563 arg1 content 565:571 the cellulose content 551:571 the cellulose content in the biomass 551:586 Whereas normalized total polysaccharides and lignin contents on the surface differed from bulk chemical compositions, the surface cellulose ions detected by TOF-SIMS showed the same value trend as the cellulose content in the biomass. 31961521 2 36 theme cellulose 555:563 arg1 trend 542:546 the same value trend 527:546 the same value trend 527:546 Whereas normalized total polysaccharides and lignin contents on the surface differed from bulk chemical compositions, the surface cellulose ions detected by TOF-SIMS showed the same value trend as the cellulose content in the biomass. 31961521 2 37 theme lignin 399:404 arg1 contents 406:413 lignin contents 399:413 lignin contents 399:413 Whereas normalized total polysaccharides and lignin contents on the surface differed from bulk chemical compositions, the surface cellulose ions detected by TOF-SIMS showed the same value trend as the cellulose content in the biomass. 31961521 2 38 from content 565:571 arg1 biomass 580:586 the biomass 576:586 the biomass 576:586 Whereas normalized total polysaccharides and lignin contents on the surface differed from bulk chemical compositions, the surface cellulose ions detected by TOF-SIMS showed the same value trend as the cellulose content in the biomass. 31961521 4 39 theme surface 861:867 arg1 cellulose 869:877 surface cellulose 861:877 surface cellulose 861:877 A similar correlation was determined between the surface cellulose and glucose release after enzymatic hydrolysis. 31961521 3 40 theme same 678:681 arg1 trend 683:687 the same trend 674:687 the same trend 674:687 In addition, the lignin syringyl/guaiacyl ratio according to TOF-SIMS results showed the same trend as the ratio measured by means of NMR spectroscopic analysis, even though the ratio scales for each method were different. 31961521 3 40 theme same 678:681 arg1 ratio 696:700 the ratio 692:700 the ratio measured by means of NMR spectroscopic analysis 692:748 In addition, the lignin syringyl/guaiacyl ratio according to TOF-SIMS results showed the same trend as the ratio measured by means of NMR spectroscopic analysis, even though the ratio scales for each method were different. 31961521 2 41 theme total 373:377 arg1 polysaccharides 379:393 normalized total polysaccharides 362:393 normalized total polysaccharides 362:393 Whereas normalized total polysaccharides and lignin contents on the surface differed from bulk chemical compositions, the surface cellulose ions detected by TOF-SIMS showed the same value trend as the cellulose content in the biomass. 31961521 5 42 from effects 1042:1048 arg1 properties 1077:1086 biomass properties 1069:1086 biomass properties 1069:1086 These results demonstrate that surface characterization using TOF-SIMS can provide important information about the effects of pretreatment on biomass properties and its hydrolysis. 31961521 5 42 from effects 1042:1048 arg1 hydrolysis 1096:1105 its hydrolysis 1092:1105 its hydrolysis 1092:1105 These results demonstrate that surface characterization using TOF-SIMS can provide important information about the effects of pretreatment on biomass properties and its hydrolysis. 31961521 4 43 dep cellulose 869:877 arg1 the 857:859 the 857:859 the 857:859 A similar correlation was determined between the surface cellulose and glucose release after enzymatic hydrolysis. 26053738 0 0 theme Hu 76:77 arg1 fruits 52:57 unripe fruits 45:57 unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component 45:123 Bioactive comparison of main components from unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component. 26053738 9 1 theme tiliroside 1288:1297 arg1 treatment 1299:1307 tiliroside treatment 1288:1307 tiliroside treatment 1288:1307 Further experimental data revealed that tiliroside treatment could suppress the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of A549 cells. 26053738 6 2 theme extraction 850:859 arg1 optimization 869:880 extraction process optimization 850:880 extraction process optimization of flavonoids 850:894 Therefore, extraction process optimization of flavonoids was conducted using response surface methodology. 26053738 0 3 from comparison 10:19 arg1 fruits 52:57 unripe fruits 45:57 unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component 45:123 Bioactive comparison of main components from unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component. 26053738 7 4 theme liquid/solid 1078:1089 arg1 ratio 1091:1095 a liquid/solid ratio 1076:1095 a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1 1076:1108 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 7 4 theme liquid/solid 1078:1089 arg1 conditions 958:967 The optimal conditions 946:967 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 946:1109 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 0 5 theme identification 83:96 arg1 fruits 52:57 unripe fruits 45:57 unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component 45:123 Bioactive comparison of main components from unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component. 26053738 6 6 theme process 861:867 arg1 optimization 869:880 extraction process optimization 850:880 extraction process optimization of flavonoids 850:894 Therefore, extraction process optimization of flavonoids was conducted using response surface methodology. 26053738 4 7 theme ascorbic 705:712 arg1 activity 671:678 an obvious antioxidant activity 648:678 an obvious antioxidant activity 648:678 Results showed that total flavonoids exhibited an obvious antioxidant activity, which was very close to ascorbic acid. 26053738 4 7 theme ascorbic 705:712 arg1 acid 714:717 ascorbic acid 705:717 ascorbic acid 705:717 Results showed that total flavonoids exhibited an obvious antioxidant activity, which was very close to ascorbic acid. 26053738 3 8 dep in 440:441 arg1 vitro 443:447 vitro 443:447 vitro 443:447 The in vitro antioxidant, anticomplementary and anticancer activities against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells of the four major constituents were investigated. 26053738 9 9 theme experimental 1256:1267 arg1 data 1269:1272 Further experimental data 1248:1272 Further experimental data 1248:1272 Further experimental data revealed that tiliroside treatment could suppress the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of A549 cells. 26053738 0 10 from fruits 52:57 arg1 comparison 10:19 Bioactive comparison 0:19 Bioactive comparison of main components from unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component. 0:124 Bioactive comparison of main components from unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component. 26053738 0 10 from fruits 52:57 arg1 components 29:38 main components 24:38 main components from unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component 24:123 Bioactive comparison of main components from unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component. 26053738 1 11 from China 240:244 arg1 fruit 143:147 Dried and unripe fruit 126:147 Dried and unripe fruit 126:147 Dried and unripe fruit of Rubus chingii Hu, known as "Fu-pen-zi" in Chinese, has been used as a food and tonic in China for a long time. 26053738 1 11 from China 240:244 arg1 food 222:225 food 222:225 food 222:225 Dried and unripe fruit of Rubus chingii Hu, known as "Fu-pen-zi" in Chinese, has been used as a food and tonic in China for a long time. 26053738 3 12 theme anticomplementary 462:478 arg1 activities 495:504 The in vitro antioxidant, anticomplementary and anticancer activities 436:504 The in vitro antioxidant, anticomplementary and anticancer activities against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells of the four major constituents 436:580 The in vitro antioxidant, anticomplementary and anticancer activities against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells of the four major constituents were investigated. 26053738 7 13 dep ratio 1091:1095 arg1  1 1107:1108  1 1107:1108 a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1 1076:1108 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 5 14 theme chemical 816:823 arg1 compositions 825:836 the four chemical compositions 807:836 the four chemical compositions 807:836 The anticomplementary and anticancer activities of flavonoids were also the best among the four chemical compositions. 26053738 1 15 theme Rubus 152:156 arg1 Hu 166:167 Rubus chingii Hu 152:167 Rubus chingii Hu 152:167 Dried and unripe fruit of Rubus chingii Hu, known as "Fu-pen-zi" in Chinese, has been used as a food and tonic in China for a long time. 26053738 5 16 theme anticancer 746:755 arg1 best 796:799 best 796:799 best 796:799 The anticomplementary and anticancer activities of flavonoids were also the best among the four chemical compositions. 26053738 5 16 theme anticancer 746:755 arg1 activities 757:766 The anticomplementary and anticancer activities 720:766 The anticomplementary and anticancer activities of flavonoids 720:780 The anticomplementary and anticancer activities of flavonoids were also the best among the four chemical compositions. 26053738 3 17 theme antioxidant 449:459 arg1 activities 495:504 The in vitro antioxidant, anticomplementary and anticancer activities 436:504 The in vitro antioxidant, anticomplementary and anticancer activities against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells of the four major constituents 436:580 The in vitro antioxidant, anticomplementary and anticancer activities against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells of the four major constituents were investigated. 26053738 1 18 theme chingii 158:164 arg1 Hu 166:167 Rubus chingii Hu 152:167 Rubus chingii Hu 152:167 Dried and unripe fruit of Rubus chingii Hu, known as "Fu-pen-zi" in Chinese, has been used as a food and tonic in China for a long time. 26053738 8 19 theme total 1124:1128 arg1 flavonoids 1130:1139 total flavonoids 1124:1139 total flavonoids 1124:1139 In addition, total flavonoids were subsequently separated by column chromatography and the major flavonoid was identified as tiliroside. 26053738 3 20 theme in 440:441 arg1 activities 495:504 The in vitro antioxidant, anticomplementary and anticancer activities 436:504 The in vitro antioxidant, anticomplementary and anticancer activities against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells of the four major constituents 436:580 The in vitro antioxidant, anticomplementary and anticancer activities against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells of the four major constituents were investigated. 26053738 7 21 theme extraction 1048:1057 arg1 h 1069:1069 extraction time 2.66 h 1048:1069 extraction time 2.66 h 1048:1069 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 7 21 theme extraction 1048:1057 arg1 conditions 958:967 The optimal conditions 946:967 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 946:1109 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 0 22 dep Hu 76:77 arg1 chingii 68:74 Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component 62:123 Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component 62:123 Bioactive comparison of main components from unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component. 26053738 7 23 theme ethanol 1018:1024 arg1 19.54  1100:1105 19.54  1100:1105 19.54  1100:1105 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 7 23 theme ethanol 1018:1024 arg1 % 1045:1045 ethanol concentration 30.67% 1018:1045 ethanol concentration 30.67% 1018:1045 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 1 24 theme Hu 166:167 arg1 tonic 231:235 tonic 231:235 tonic 231:235 Dried and unripe fruit of Rubus chingii Hu, known as "Fu-pen-zi" in Chinese, has been used as a food and tonic in China for a long time. 26053738 1 24 theme Hu 166:167 arg1 fruit 143:147 Dried and unripe fruit 126:147 Dried and unripe fruit 126:147 Dried and unripe fruit of Rubus chingii Hu, known as "Fu-pen-zi" in Chinese, has been used as a food and tonic in China for a long time. 26053738 1 24 theme Hu 166:167 arg1 food 222:225 food 222:225 food 222:225 Dried and unripe fruit of Rubus chingii Hu, known as "Fu-pen-zi" in Chinese, has been used as a food and tonic in China for a long time. 26053738 0 25 theme Bioactive 0:8 arg1 comparison 10:19 Bioactive comparison 0:19 Bioactive comparison of main components from unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component. 0:124 Bioactive comparison of main components from unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component. 26053738 1 26 from food 222:225 arg1 China 240:244 China 240:244 China 240:244 Dried and unripe fruit of Rubus chingii Hu, known as "Fu-pen-zi" in Chinese, has been used as a food and tonic in China for a long time. 26053738 2 27 theme effective 287:295 arg1 ingredients 297:307 its effective ingredients 283:307 its effective ingredients 283:307 In order to analyze its effective ingredients, polysaccharides, flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids were extracted from the unripe fruits and their contents were determined. 26053738 0 28 theme main 24:27 arg1 components 29:38 main components 24:38 main components from unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component 24:123 Bioactive comparison of main components from unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component. 26053738 0 29 theme component 115:123 arg1 identification 83:96 identification 83:96 identification 83:96 Bioactive comparison of main components from unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component. 26053738 0 29 theme component 115:123 arg1 Hu 76:77 Hu 76:77 Hu 76:77 Bioactive comparison of main components from unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component. 26053738 7 30 dep conditions 958:967 arg1 °C 1014:1015 extraction temperature 72.8 °C 986:1015 extraction temperature 72.8 °C 986:1015 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 7 30 dep conditions 958:967 arg1 ratio 1091:1095 a liquid/solid ratio 1076:1095 a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1 1076:1108 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 7 30 dep conditions 958:967 arg1 h 1069:1069 extraction time 2.66 h 1048:1069 extraction time 2.66 h 1048:1069 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 7 30 dep conditions 958:967 arg1 19.54  1100:1105 19.54  1100:1105 19.54  1100:1105 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 7 30 dep conditions 958:967 arg1 % 1045:1045 ethanol concentration 30.67% 1018:1045 ethanol concentration 30.67% 1018:1045 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 7 30 dep conditions 958:967 arg1 conditions 958:967 The optimal conditions 946:967 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 946:1109 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 0 31 theme effective 105:113 arg1 component 115:123 the effective component 101:123 the effective component 101:123 Bioactive comparison of main components from unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component. 26053738 3 32 theme anticancer 484:493 arg1 activities 495:504 The in vitro antioxidant, anticomplementary and anticancer activities 436:504 The in vitro antioxidant, anticomplementary and anticancer activities against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells of the four major constituents 436:580 The in vitro antioxidant, anticomplementary and anticancer activities against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells of the four major constituents were investigated. 26053738 5 33 theme flavonoids 771:780 arg1 best 796:799 best 796:799 best 796:799 The anticomplementary and anticancer activities of flavonoids were also the best among the four chemical compositions. 26053738 5 33 theme flavonoids 771:780 arg1 activities 757:766 The anticomplementary and anticancer activities 720:766 The anticomplementary and anticancer activities of flavonoids 720:780 The anticomplementary and anticancer activities of flavonoids were also the best among the four chemical compositions. 26053738 7 34 theme 19.54  1100:1105 arg1 °C 1014:1015 extraction temperature 72.8 °C 986:1015 extraction temperature 72.8 °C 986:1015 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 7 34 theme 19.54  1100:1105 arg1 ratio 1091:1095 a liquid/solid ratio 1076:1095 a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1 1076:1108 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 7 34 theme 19.54  1100:1105 arg1 h 1069:1069 extraction time 2.66 h 1048:1069 extraction time 2.66 h 1048:1069 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 7 34 theme 19.54  1100:1105 arg1 19.54  1100:1105 19.54  1100:1105 19.54  1100:1105 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 7 34 theme 19.54  1100:1105 arg1 % 1045:1045 ethanol concentration 30.67% 1018:1045 ethanol concentration 30.67% 1018:1045 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 7 34 theme 19.54  1100:1105 arg1 conditions 958:967 The optimal conditions 946:967 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 946:1109 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 6 35 theme surface 925:931 arg1 methodology 933:943 response surface methodology 916:943 response surface methodology 916:943 Therefore, extraction process optimization of flavonoids was conducted using response surface methodology. 26053738 7 36 theme concentration 1026:1038 arg1 19.54  1100:1105 19.54  1100:1105 19.54  1100:1105 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 7 36 theme concentration 1026:1038 arg1 % 1045:1045 ethanol concentration 30.67% 1018:1045 ethanol concentration 30.67% 1018:1045 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 1 37 used used 212:215 arg2 fruit 143:147 Dried and unripe fruit 126:147 Dried and unripe fruit 126:147 Dried and unripe fruit of Rubus chingii Hu, known as "Fu-pen-zi" in Chinese, has been used as a food and tonic in China for a long time. 26053738 1 37 used used 212:215 arg2 tonic 231:235 tonic 231:235 tonic 231:235 Dried and unripe fruit of Rubus chingii Hu, known as "Fu-pen-zi" in Chinese, has been used as a food and tonic in China for a long time. 26053738 1 37 used used 212:215 arg2 food 222:225 food 222:225 food 222:225 Dried and unripe fruit of Rubus chingii Hu, known as "Fu-pen-zi" in Chinese, has been used as a food and tonic in China for a long time. 26053738 3 38 theme adenocarcinoma 525:538 arg1 cells 545:549 human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells 514:549 human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells of the four major constituents 514:580 The in vitro antioxidant, anticomplementary and anticancer activities against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells of the four major constituents were investigated. 26053738 0 39 theme components 29:38 arg1 comparison 10:19 Bioactive comparison 0:19 Bioactive comparison of main components from unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component. 0:124 Bioactive comparison of main components from unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component. 26053738 6 40 theme response 916:923 arg1 methodology 933:943 response surface methodology 916:943 response surface methodology 916:943 Therefore, extraction process optimization of flavonoids was conducted using response surface methodology. 26053738 2 41 theme unripe 386:391 arg1 fruits 393:398 the unripe fruits 382:398 the unripe fruits 382:398 In order to analyze its effective ingredients, polysaccharides, flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids were extracted from the unripe fruits and their contents were determined. 26053738 3 42 theme major 563:567 arg1 constituents 569:580 the four major constituents 554:580 the four major constituents 554:580 The in vitro antioxidant, anticomplementary and anticancer activities against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells of the four major constituents were investigated. 26053738 3 43 theme A549 540:543 arg1 cells 545:549 human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells 514:549 human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells of the four major constituents 514:580 The in vitro antioxidant, anticomplementary and anticancer activities against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells of the four major constituents were investigated. 26053738 7 44 theme extraction 986:995 arg1 °C 1014:1015 extraction temperature 72.8 °C 986:1015 extraction temperature 72.8 °C 986:1015 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 7 44 theme extraction 986:995 arg1 conditions 958:967 The optimal conditions 946:967 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 946:1109 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 1 45 theme Fu-pen-zi 180:188 arg1 " 189:189 "Fu-pen-zi" 179:189 "Fu-pen-zi" in Chinese 179:200 Dried and unripe fruit of Rubus chingii Hu, known as "Fu-pen-zi" in Chinese, has been used as a food and tonic in China for a long time. 26053738 8 46 theme column 1172:1177 arg1 chromatography 1179:1192 column chromatography 1172:1192 column chromatography 1172:1192 In addition, total flavonoids were subsequently separated by column chromatography and the major flavonoid was identified as tiliroside. 26053738 3 47 theme constituents 569:580 arg1 cells 545:549 human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells 514:549 human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells of the four major constituents 514:580 The in vitro antioxidant, anticomplementary and anticancer activities against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells of the four major constituents were investigated. 26053738 3 48 theme human 514:518 arg1 cells 545:549 human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells 514:549 human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells of the four major constituents 514:580 The in vitro antioxidant, anticomplementary and anticancer activities against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells of the four major constituents were investigated. 26053738 7 49 theme temperature 997:1007 arg1 °C 1014:1015 extraction temperature 72.8 °C 986:1015 extraction temperature 72.8 °C 986:1015 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 7 49 theme temperature 997:1007 arg1 conditions 958:967 The optimal conditions 946:967 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 946:1109 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 4 50 theme antioxidant 659:669 arg1 acid 714:717 ascorbic acid 705:717 ascorbic acid 705:717 Results showed that total flavonoids exhibited an obvious antioxidant activity, which was very close to ascorbic acid. 26053738 4 50 theme antioxidant 659:669 arg1 activity 671:678 an obvious antioxidant activity 648:678 an obvious antioxidant activity 648:678 Results showed that total flavonoids exhibited an obvious antioxidant activity, which was very close to ascorbic acid. 26053738 0 51 theme unripe 45:50 arg1 fruits 52:57 unripe fruits 45:57 unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component 45:123 Bioactive comparison of main components from unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component. 26053738 6 52 theme flavonoids 885:894 arg1 optimization 869:880 extraction process optimization 850:880 extraction process optimization of flavonoids 850:894 Therefore, extraction process optimization of flavonoids was conducted using response surface methodology. 26053738 3 53 theme lung 520:523 arg1 cells 545:549 human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells 514:549 human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells of the four major constituents 514:580 The in vitro antioxidant, anticomplementary and anticancer activities against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells of the four major constituents were investigated. 26053738 8 54 theme major 1202:1206 arg1 tiliroside 1236:1245 tiliroside 1236:1245 tiliroside 1236:1245 In addition, total flavonoids were subsequently separated by column chromatography and the major flavonoid was identified as tiliroside. 26053738 8 54 theme major 1202:1206 arg1 flavonoid 1208:1216 the major flavonoid 1198:1216 the major flavonoid 1198:1216 In addition, total flavonoids were subsequently separated by column chromatography and the major flavonoid was identified as tiliroside. 26053738 4 55 theme obvious 651:657 arg1 acid 714:717 ascorbic acid 705:717 ascorbic acid 705:717 Results showed that total flavonoids exhibited an obvious antioxidant activity, which was very close to ascorbic acid. 26053738 4 55 theme obvious 651:657 arg1 activity 671:678 an obvious antioxidant activity 648:678 an obvious antioxidant activity 648:678 Results showed that total flavonoids exhibited an obvious antioxidant activity, which was very close to ascorbic acid. 26053738 1 56 from " 189:189 arg1 Chinese 194:200 Chinese 194:200 Chinese 194:200 Dried and unripe fruit of Rubus chingii Hu, known as "Fu-pen-zi" in Chinese, has been used as a food and tonic in China for a long time. 26053738 4 57 theme total 621:625 arg1 flavonoids 627:636 total flavonoids 621:636 total flavonoids 621:636 Results showed that total flavonoids exhibited an obvious antioxidant activity, which was very close to ascorbic acid. 26053738 1 58 theme Dried 126:130 arg1 tonic 231:235 tonic 231:235 tonic 231:235 Dried and unripe fruit of Rubus chingii Hu, known as "Fu-pen-zi" in Chinese, has been used as a food and tonic in China for a long time. 26053738 1 58 theme Dried 126:130 arg1 fruit 143:147 Dried and unripe fruit 126:147 Dried and unripe fruit 126:147 Dried and unripe fruit of Rubus chingii Hu, known as "Fu-pen-zi" in Chinese, has been used as a food and tonic in China for a long time. 26053738 1 58 theme Dried 126:130 arg1 food 222:225 food 222:225 food 222:225 Dried and unripe fruit of Rubus chingii Hu, known as "Fu-pen-zi" in Chinese, has been used as a food and tonic in China for a long time. 26053738 7 59 theme time 1059:1062 arg1 h 1069:1069 extraction time 2.66 h 1048:1069 extraction time 2.66 h 1048:1069 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 7 59 theme time 1059:1062 arg1 conditions 958:967 The optimal conditions 946:967 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 946:1109 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 0 60 theme Rubus 62:66 arg1 Hu 76:77 Hu 76:77 Hu 76:77 Bioactive comparison of main components from unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component. 26053738 9 61 theme Further 1248:1254 arg1 data 1269:1272 Further experimental data 1248:1272 Further experimental data 1248:1272 Further experimental data revealed that tiliroside treatment could suppress the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of A549 cells. 26053738 9 62 theme A549 1371:1374 arg1 cells 1376:1380 A549 cells 1371:1380 A549 cells 1371:1380 Further experimental data revealed that tiliroside treatment could suppress the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of A549 cells. 26053738 1 63 theme long 252:255 arg1 time 257:260 a long time 250:260 a long time 250:260 Dried and unripe fruit of Rubus chingii Hu, known as "Fu-pen-zi" in Chinese, has been used as a food and tonic in China for a long time. 26053738 5 64 theme anticomplementary 724:740 arg1 best 796:799 best 796:799 best 796:799 The anticomplementary and anticancer activities of flavonoids were also the best among the four chemical compositions. 26053738 5 64 theme anticomplementary 724:740 arg1 activities 757:766 The anticomplementary and anticancer activities 720:766 The anticomplementary and anticancer activities of flavonoids 720:780 The anticomplementary and anticancer activities of flavonoids were also the best among the four chemical compositions. 26053738 7 65 theme optimal 950:956 arg1 ratio 1091:1095 a liquid/solid ratio 1076:1095 a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1 1076:1108 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 7 65 theme optimal 950:956 arg1 h 1069:1069 extraction time 2.66 h 1048:1069 extraction time 2.66 h 1048:1069 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 7 65 theme optimal 950:956 arg1 conditions 958:967 The optimal conditions 946:967 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 946:1109 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 7 65 theme optimal 950:956 arg1 °C 1014:1015 extraction temperature 72.8 °C 986:1015 extraction temperature 72.8 °C 986:1015 The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.8 °C, ethanol concentration 30.67%, extraction time 2.66 h, and a liquid/solid ratio of 19.54 : 1. 26053738 1 66 theme unripe 136:141 arg1 tonic 231:235 tonic 231:235 tonic 231:235 Dried and unripe fruit of Rubus chingii Hu, known as "Fu-pen-zi" in Chinese, has been used as a food and tonic in China for a long time. 26053738 1 66 theme unripe 136:141 arg1 fruit 143:147 Dried and unripe fruit 126:147 Dried and unripe fruit 126:147 Dried and unripe fruit of Rubus chingii Hu, known as "Fu-pen-zi" in Chinese, has been used as a food and tonic in China for a long time. 26053738 1 66 theme unripe 136:141 arg1 food 222:225 food 222:225 food 222:225 Dried and unripe fruit of Rubus chingii Hu, known as "Fu-pen-zi" in Chinese, has been used as a food and tonic in China for a long time. 26053738 9 67 theme cells 1376:1380 arg1 apoptosis 1358:1366 the apoptosis 1354:1366 the apoptosis of A549 cells 1354:1380 Further experimental data revealed that tiliroside treatment could suppress the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of A549 cells. 26415270 9 0 theme damage 1539:1544 arg1 treatment 1516:1524 treatment 1516:1524 treatment 1516:1524 We have considerable experience in the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues during radiotherapy of malignant tumors. 26415270 9 0 theme damage 1539:1544 arg1 prevention 1501:1510 prevention 1501:1510 prevention 1501:1510 We have considerable experience in the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues during radiotherapy of malignant tumors. 26415270 6 1 theme surgical 820:827 arg1 treatment 829:837 surgical treatment 820:837 surgical treatment (15.2%) 820:845 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 6 1 theme surgical 820:827 arg1 % 844:844 15.2% 840:844 15.2% 840:844 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 9 2 theme normal 1549:1554 arg1 tissues 1556:1562 normal tissues 1549:1562 normal tissues 1549:1562 We have considerable experience in the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues during radiotherapy of malignant tumors. 26415270 6 3 theme preoperative 1108:1119 arg1 therapy 1136:1142 preoperative chemoradiation therapy 1108:1142 preoperative chemoradiation therapy 1108:1142 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 5 4 theme Collegel 547:554 arg1 " 555:555 hydrogel "Collegel" 537:555 hydrogel "Collegel" with 5-fluorouracil 537:575 Studies have been conducted to examine the possibility of using hydrogel "Collegel" with 5-fluorouracil as radiomodifying agent in the treatment of rectal cancer. 26415270 1 5 theme important 121:129 arg1 component 131:139 an important component 118:139 an important component of drug effectiveness 118:161 The method of drug delivery to the site of lesion is an important component of drug effectiveness. 26415270 1 5 theme important 121:129 arg1 method 69:74 The method 65:74 The method of drug delivery to the site of lesion 65:113 The method of drug delivery to the site of lesion is an important component of drug effectiveness. 26415270 6 6 theme intrarectal 1030:1040 arg1 way 1042:1044 intrarectal way 1030:1044 intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy 1030:1142 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 10 7 theme adverse 1693:1699 arg1 damage 1711:1716 adverse radiation damage 1693:1716 adverse radiation damage 1693:1716 Patients can be treated without interruption and significantly reduces the incidence of adverse radiation damage. 26415270 9 8 theme tumors 1597:1602 arg1 radiotherapy 1571:1582 radiotherapy 1571:1582 radiotherapy of malignant tumors 1571:1602 We have considerable experience in the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues during radiotherapy of malignant tumors. 26415270 7 9 with patients 1194:1201 arg1 cancer 1215:1220 rectal cancer 1208:1220 rectal cancer 1208:1220 The newly created method of complex treatment of patients with rectal cancer to ensure adequate local control of the disease. 26415270 1 10 theme effectiveness 149:161 arg1 component 131:139 an important component 118:139 an important component of drug effectiveness 118:161 The method of drug delivery to the site of lesion is an important component of drug effectiveness. 26415270 1 10 theme effectiveness 149:161 arg1 method 69:74 The method 65:74 The method of drug delivery to the site of lesion 65:113 The method of drug delivery to the site of lesion is an important component of drug effectiveness. 26415270 7 11 theme disease 1262:1268 arg1 control 1247:1253 adequate local control 1232:1253 adequate local control of the disease 1232:1268 The newly created method of complex treatment of patients with rectal cancer to ensure adequate local control of the disease. 26415270 10 12 theme damage 1711:1716 arg1 incidence 1680:1688 the incidence 1676:1688 the incidence of adverse radiation damage 1676:1716 Patients can be treated without interruption and significantly reduces the incidence of adverse radiation damage. 26415270 1 13 theme delivery 84:91 arg1 component 131:139 an important component 118:139 an important component of drug effectiveness 118:161 The method of drug delivery to the site of lesion is an important component of drug effectiveness. 26415270 1 13 theme delivery 84:91 arg1 method 69:74 The method 65:74 The method of drug delivery to the site of lesion 65:113 The method of drug delivery to the site of lesion is an important component of drug effectiveness. 26415270 6 14 theme 5-fluorouracil 1086:1099 arg1 doses 1077:1081 therapeutic doses 1065:1081 therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy 1065:1142 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 7 15 theme local 1241:1245 arg1 control 1247:1253 adequate local control 1232:1253 adequate local control of the disease 1232:1268 The newly created method of complex treatment of patients with rectal cancer to ensure adequate local control of the disease. 26415270 2 16 theme drugs 197:201 arg1 effectiveness 180:192 the effectiveness 176:192 the effectiveness of drugs 176:201 To maximize the effectiveness of drugs LLC "Koletex" has developed and brought into practice the drug, "Collegel" for directed drug delivery. 26415270 9 17 theme " 1411:1411 arg1 application 1383:1393 the application 1379:1393 the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues 1379:1562 We have considerable experience in the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues during radiotherapy of malignant tumors. 26415270 0 18 theme cancer 56:61 arg1 therapy 38:44 combined therapy 29:44 combined therapy of rectum cancer 29:61 [Using "Collegel" complex in combined therapy of rectum cancer]. 26415270 9 19 theme immunomodulator 1440:1454 arg1 " 1464:1464 immunomodulator "Derinat" 1440:1464 immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) 1440:1491 We have considerable experience in the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues during radiotherapy of malignant tumors. 26415270 9 19 theme immunomodulator 1440:1454 arg1 sodium 1485:1490 deoxyribonuclease sodium 1467:1490 deoxyribonuclease sodium 1467:1490 We have considerable experience in the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues during radiotherapy of malignant tumors. 26415270 6 20 located observed 731:738 arg1 patients 652:659 patients 652:659 patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil 652:712 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 6 20 located observed 731:738 arg1 group 643:647 the group 639:647 the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil 639:712 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 6 20 located observed 731:738 arg2 metastases 715:724 metastases 715:724 metastases 715:724 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 9 21 theme Derinat 1457:1463 arg1 " 1464:1464 immunomodulator "Derinat" 1440:1464 immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) 1440:1491 We have considerable experience in the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues during radiotherapy of malignant tumors. 26415270 9 21 theme Derinat 1457:1463 arg1 sodium 1485:1490 deoxyribonuclease sodium 1467:1490 deoxyribonuclease sodium 1467:1490 We have considerable experience in the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues during radiotherapy of malignant tumors. 26415270 7 22 theme adequate 1232:1239 arg1 control 1247:1253 adequate local control 1232:1253 adequate local control of the disease 1232:1268 The newly created method of complex treatment of patients with rectal cancer to ensure adequate local control of the disease. 26415270 3 23 theme Hydrogel 306:313 arg1 " 342:342 Hydrogel based composition "Collegel" 306:342 Hydrogel based composition "Collegel" 306:342 Hydrogel based composition "Collegel" is biopolymer consists of sodium alginate. 26415270 0 24 from complex 18:24 arg1 therapy 38:44 combined therapy 29:44 combined therapy of rectum cancer 29:61 [Using "Collegel" complex in combined therapy of rectum cancer]. 26415270 0 25 theme [Using 0:5 arg1 " 16:16 [Using "Collegel" 0:16 [Using "Collegel" complex in combined therapy of rectum cancer 0:61 [Using "Collegel" complex in combined therapy of rectum cancer]. 26415270 6 26 theme preoperative 958:969 arg1 radiotherapy 971:982 preoperative radiotherapy 958:982 preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%) 958:990 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 6 26 theme preoperative 958:969 arg1 % 989:989 11.4% 985:989 11.4% 985:989 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 6 27 theme doses 1077:1081 arg1 introduction 1049:1060 introduction 1049:1060 introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy 1049:1142 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 0 28 theme Collegel 8:15 arg1 " 16:16 [Using "Collegel" 0:16 [Using "Collegel" complex in combined therapy of rectum cancer 0:61 [Using "Collegel" complex in combined therapy of rectum cancer]. 26415270 7 29 theme rectal 1208:1213 arg1 cancer 1215:1220 rectal cancer 1208:1220 rectal cancer 1208:1220 The newly created method of complex treatment of patients with rectal cancer to ensure adequate local control of the disease. 26415270 3 30 theme Collegel 334:341 arg1 " 342:342 Hydrogel based composition "Collegel" 306:342 Hydrogel based composition "Collegel" 306:342 Hydrogel based composition "Collegel" is biopolymer consists of sodium alginate. 26415270 8 31 theme local 1283:1287 arg1 recurrence 1289:1298 no local recurrence 1280:1298 no local recurrence diagnosed over the 2-year follow-up period 1280:1341 There is no local recurrence diagnosed over the 2-year follow-up period. 26415270 3 32 theme sodium 370:375 arg1 alginate 377:384 sodium alginate 370:384 sodium alginate 370:384 Hydrogel based composition "Collegel" is biopolymer consists of sodium alginate. 26415270 0 33 theme complex 18:24 arg1 " 16:16 [Using "Collegel" 0:16 [Using "Collegel" complex in combined therapy of rectum cancer 0:61 [Using "Collegel" complex in combined therapy of rectum cancer]. 26415270 3 34 dep biopolymer 347:356 arg1 consists 358:365 consists 358:365 consists 358:365 Hydrogel based composition "Collegel" is biopolymer consists of sodium alginate. 26415270 7 35 theme patients 1194:1201 arg1 treatment 1181:1189 complex treatment 1173:1189 complex treatment of patients with rectal cancer 1173:1220 The newly created method of complex treatment of patients with rectal cancer to ensure adequate local control of the disease. 26415270 3 36 theme composition 321:331 arg1 " 342:342 Hydrogel based composition "Collegel" 306:342 Hydrogel based composition "Collegel" 306:342 Hydrogel based composition "Collegel" is biopolymer consists of sodium alginate. 26415270 6 37 theme intrarectal 674:684 arg1 5-fluorouracil 699:712 intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil 674:712 intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil 674:712 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 2 38 theme Collegel 268:275 arg1 " 276:276 "Collegel" 267:276 "Collegel" for directed drug delivery 267:303 To maximize the effectiveness of drugs LLC "Koletex" has developed and brought into practice the drug, "Collegel" for directed drug delivery. 26415270 0 39 theme combined 29:36 arg1 therapy 38:44 combined therapy 29:44 combined therapy of rectum cancer 29:61 [Using "Collegel" complex in combined therapy of rectum cancer]. 26415270 6 40 with capecitabine 926:937 arg1 radiotherapy 971:982 preoperative radiotherapy 958:982 preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%) 958:990 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 6 40 with capecitabine 926:937 arg1 % 989:989 11.4% 985:989 11.4% 985:989 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 7 41 theme treatment 1181:1189 arg1 method 1163:1168 The newly created method 1145:1168 The newly created method of complex treatment of patients with rectal cancer 1145:1220 The newly created method of complex treatment of patients with rectal cancer to ensure adequate local control of the disease. 26415270 4 42 theme specific 452:459 arg1 technology 461:470 a specific technology 450:470 a specific technology 450:470 In the gel-forming polymer one or more substance introduced on a specific technology. 26415270 6 43 with monoregimen 880:890 arg1 radiotherapy 971:982 preoperative radiotherapy 958:982 preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%) 958:990 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 6 43 with monoregimen 880:890 arg1 % 989:989 11.4% 985:989 11.4% 985:989 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 6 44 from treatment 829:837 arg1 monoregimen 880:890 monoregimen 880:890 monoregimen (12.6%) 880:898 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 6 44 from treatment 829:837 arg1 capecitabine 926:937 reduced doses capecitabine 912:937 reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy 912:1142 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 6 44 from treatment 829:837 arg1 % 897:897 12.6% 893:897 12.6% 893:897 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 6 45 theme doses 920:924 arg1 capecitabine 926:937 reduced doses capecitabine 912:937 reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy 912:1142 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 8 46 theme follow-up 1326:1334 arg1 period 1336:1341 the 2-year follow-up period 1315:1341 the 2-year follow-up period 1315:1341 There is no local recurrence diagnosed over the 2-year follow-up period. 26415270 2 47 theme drug 291:294 arg1 delivery 296:303 directed drug delivery 282:303 directed drug delivery 282:303 To maximize the effectiveness of drugs LLC "Koletex" has developed and brought into practice the drug, "Collegel" for directed drug delivery. 26415270 9 48 theme radiation 1529:1537 arg1 damage 1539:1544 radiation damage 1529:1544 radiation damage 1529:1544 We have considerable experience in the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues during radiotherapy of malignant tumors. 26415270 7 49 theme created 1155:1161 arg1 method 1163:1168 The newly created method 1145:1168 The newly created method of complex treatment of patients with rectal cancer 1145:1220 The newly created method of complex treatment of patients with rectal cancer to ensure adequate local control of the disease. 26415270 5 50 theme radiomodifying 580:593 arg1 agent 595:599 radiomodifying agent 580:599 radiomodifying agent in the treatment of rectal cancer 580:633 Studies have been conducted to examine the possibility of using hydrogel "Collegel" with 5-fluorouracil as radiomodifying agent in the treatment of rectal cancer. 26415270 6 51 theme introduction 1049:1060 arg1 way 1042:1044 intrarectal way 1030:1044 intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy 1030:1142 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 7 52 theme complex 1173:1179 arg1 treatment 1181:1189 complex treatment 1173:1189 complex treatment of patients with rectal cancer 1173:1220 The newly created method of complex treatment of patients with rectal cancer to ensure adequate local control of the disease. 26415270 6 53 theme patients 798:805 arg1 patients 798:805 patients 798:805 patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy 798:1142 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 6 53 theme patients 798:805 arg1 group 789:793 the group 785:793 the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy 785:1142 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 6 54 theme way 1042:1044 arg1 use 1023:1025 the use 1019:1025 the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy 1019:1142 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 9 55 dep prevention 1501:1510 arg1 the 1497:1499 the 1497:1499 the 1497:1499 We have considerable experience in the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues during radiotherapy of malignant tumors. 26415270 10 56 theme radiation 1701:1709 arg1 damage 1711:1716 adverse radiation damage 1693:1716 adverse radiation damage 1693:1716 Patients can be treated without interruption and significantly reduces the incidence of adverse radiation damage. 26415270 9 57 theme malignant 1587:1595 arg1 tumors 1597:1602 malignant tumors 1587:1602 malignant tumors 1587:1602 We have considerable experience in the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues during radiotherapy of malignant tumors. 26415270 5 58 theme rectal 621:626 arg1 cancer 628:633 rectal cancer 621:633 rectal cancer 621:633 Studies have been conducted to examine the possibility of using hydrogel "Collegel" with 5-fluorouracil as radiomodifying agent in the treatment of rectal cancer. 26415270 1 59 theme drug 144:147 arg1 effectiveness 149:161 drug effectiveness 144:161 drug effectiveness 144:161 The method of drug delivery to the site of lesion is an important component of drug effectiveness. 26415270 6 60 dep frequently 759:768 arg1 % 774:774 2.8% 771:774 2.8% 771:774 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 6 61 theme preoperative 851:862 arg1 radiotherapy 864:875 preoperative radiotherapy 851:875 preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy 851:1142 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 6 62 theme chemoradiation 1121:1134 arg1 therapy 1136:1142 preoperative chemoradiation therapy 1108:1142 preoperative chemoradiation therapy 1108:1142 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 1 63 theme drug 79:82 arg1 delivery 84:91 drug delivery 79:91 drug delivery 79:91 The method of drug delivery to the site of lesion is an important component of drug effectiveness. 26415270 2 64 theme Koletex 208:214 arg1 " 215:215 LLC "Koletex" 203:215 LLC "Koletex" 203:215 To maximize the effectiveness of drugs LLC "Koletex" has developed and brought into practice the drug, "Collegel" for directed drug delivery. 26415270 9 65 theme gel 1398:1400 arg1 " 1411:1411 gel "Collegel" 1398:1411 gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant 1398:1434 We have considerable experience in the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues during radiotherapy of malignant tumors. 26415270 6 66 theme reduced 912:918 arg1 capecitabine 926:937 reduced doses capecitabine 912:937 reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy 912:1142 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 0 67 theme rectum 49:54 arg1 cancer 56:61 rectum cancer 49:61 rectum cancer 49:61 [Using "Collegel" complex in combined therapy of rectum cancer]. 26415270 2 68 theme LLC 203:205 arg1 " 215:215 LLC "Koletex" 203:215 LLC "Koletex" 203:215 To maximize the effectiveness of drugs LLC "Koletex" has developed and brought into practice the drug, "Collegel" for directed drug delivery. 26415270 9 69 theme Collegel 1403:1410 arg1 " 1411:1411 gel "Collegel" 1398:1411 gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant 1398:1434 We have considerable experience in the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues during radiotherapy of malignant tumors. 26415270 6 70 theme therapeutic 1065:1075 arg1 doses 1077:1081 therapeutic doses 1065:1081 therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy 1065:1142 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 1 71 theme lesion 108:113 arg1 lesion 108:113 lesion 108:113 lesion 108:113 The method of drug delivery to the site of lesion is an important component of drug effectiveness. 26415270 1 71 theme lesion 108:113 arg1 site 100:103 the site 96:103 the site of lesion 96:113 The method of drug delivery to the site of lesion is an important component of drug effectiveness. 26415270 0 72 from therapy 38:44 arg1 complex 18:24 complex 18:24 complex 18:24 [Using "Collegel" complex in combined therapy of rectum cancer]. 26415270 5 73 theme cancer 628:633 arg1 treatment 608:616 the treatment 604:616 the treatment of rectal cancer 604:633 Studies have been conducted to examine the possibility of using hydrogel "Collegel" with 5-fluorouracil as radiomodifying agent in the treatment of rectal cancer. 26415270 2 74 dep developed 221:229 arg1 maximize 167:174 maximize 167:174 To maximize the effectiveness of drugs 164:201 To maximize the effectiveness of drugs LLC "Koletex" has developed and brought into practice the drug, "Collegel" for directed drug delivery. 26415270 4 75 theme gel-forming 394:404 arg1 polymer 406:412 the gel-forming polymer 390:412 the gel-forming polymer 390:412 In the gel-forming polymer one or more substance introduced on a specific technology. 26415270 5 76 theme hydrogel 537:544 arg1 " 555:555 hydrogel "Collegel" 537:555 hydrogel "Collegel" with 5-fluorouracil 537:575 Studies have been conducted to examine the possibility of using hydrogel "Collegel" with 5-fluorouracil as radiomodifying agent in the treatment of rectal cancer. 26415270 9 77 theme " 1464:1464 arg1 application 1383:1393 the application 1379:1393 the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues 1379:1562 We have considerable experience in the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues during radiotherapy of malignant tumors. 26415270 3 78 theme based 315:319 arg1 " 342:342 Hydrogel based composition "Collegel" 306:342 Hydrogel based composition "Collegel" 306:342 Hydrogel based composition "Collegel" is biopolymer consists of sodium alginate. 26415270 9 79 dep considerable 1352:1363 arg1 experience 1365:1374 experience 1365:1374 experience in the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues during radiotherapy of malignant tumors 1365:1602 We have considerable experience in the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues during radiotherapy of malignant tumors. 26415270 9 80 theme deoxyribonuclease 1467:1483 arg1 " 1464:1464 immunomodulator "Derinat" 1440:1464 immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) 1440:1491 We have considerable experience in the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues during radiotherapy of malignant tumors. 26415270 9 80 theme deoxyribonuclease 1467:1483 arg1 sodium 1485:1490 deoxyribonuclease sodium 1467:1490 deoxyribonuclease sodium 1467:1490 We have considerable experience in the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues during radiotherapy of malignant tumors. 26415270 6 81 from radiotherapy 864:875 arg1 monoregimen 880:890 monoregimen 880:890 monoregimen (12.6%) 880:898 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 6 81 from radiotherapy 864:875 arg1 capecitabine 926:937 reduced doses capecitabine 912:937 reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy 912:1142 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 6 81 from radiotherapy 864:875 arg1 % 897:897 12.6% 893:897 12.6% 893:897 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 6 82 theme introduction 686:697 arg1 5-fluorouracil 699:712 intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil 674:712 intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil 674:712 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 3 83 theme alginate 377:384 arg1 biopolymer 347:356 biopolymer consists 347:365 biopolymer consists of sodium alginate 347:384 Hydrogel based composition "Collegel" is biopolymer consists of sodium alginate. 26415270 5 84 from agent 595:599 arg1 treatment 608:616 the treatment 604:616 the treatment of rectal cancer 604:633 Studies have been conducted to examine the possibility of using hydrogel "Collegel" with 5-fluorouracil as radiomodifying agent in the treatment of rectal cancer. 26415270 5 85 with " 555:555 arg1 5-fluorouracil 562:575 5-fluorouracil 562:575 5-fluorouracil 562:575 Studies have been conducted to examine the possibility of using hydrogel "Collegel" with 5-fluorouracil as radiomodifying agent in the treatment of rectal cancer. 26415270 9 86 contain containing 1413:1422 arg2 antioxidant 1424:1434 antioxidant 1424:1434 antioxidant 1424:1434 We have considerable experience in the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues during radiotherapy of malignant tumors. 26415270 9 86 contain containing 1413:1422 arg1 " 1411:1411 gel "Collegel" 1398:1411 gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant 1398:1434 We have considerable experience in the application of gel "Collegel" containing antioxidant and immunomodulator "Derinat" (deoxyribonuclease sodium) for the prevention and treatment of radiation damage to normal tissues during radiotherapy of malignant tumors. 26415270 6 87 theme patients 652:659 arg1 patients 652:659 patients 652:659 patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil 652:712 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 6 87 theme patients 652:659 arg1 group 643:647 the group 639:647 the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil 639:712 In the group of patients who received intrarectal introduction 5-fluorouracil, metastases were observed significantly less frequently (2.8%) than in the group of patients who received surgical treatment (15.2%) and preoperative radiotherapy in monoregimen (12.6%), as well as reduced doses capecitabine concomitantly with preoperative radiotherapy (11.4%), which gives the basis for the use of intrarectal way of introduction of therapeutic doses of 5-fluorouracil during preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 26415270 8 88 theme 2-year 1319:1324 arg1 period 1336:1341 the 2-year follow-up period 1315:1341 the 2-year follow-up period 1315:1341 There is no local recurrence diagnosed over the 2-year follow-up period. 26415270 2 89 theme directed 282:289 arg1 delivery 296:303 directed drug delivery 282:303 directed drug delivery 282:303 To maximize the effectiveness of drugs LLC "Koletex" has developed and brought into practice the drug, "Collegel" for directed drug delivery. 25863667 13 0 dep 33.2 ± 5.3  1558:1568 arg1 to 1555:1556 to 1555:1556 to 1555:1556 DNA-DNA relatedness values between MUSC 26(T) and closely related type strains ranged from 17.0 ± 2.2 to 33.2 ± 5.3 %. 25863667 16 1 theme gilvigriseus 1850:1861 arg1 sp 1863:1864 the name Streptomyces gilvigriseus sp 1828:1864 the name Streptomyces gilvigriseus sp 1828:1864 Based on this polyphasic study of MUSC 26(T), it is concluded that this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Streptomyces gilvigriseus sp. 25863667 11 2 theme related 1272:1278 arg1 strains 1280:1286 closely related strains 1264:1286 closely related strains 1264:1286 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that closely related strains include Streptomyces qinglanensis 172205(T) (96.5 % sequence similarity), S. sodiiphilus YIM 80305(T) (96.5 %) and S. rimosus subsp. 25863667 16 3 theme novel 1803:1807 arg1 species 1809:1815 a novel species 1801:1815 a novel species 1801:1815 Based on this polyphasic study of MUSC 26(T), it is concluded that this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Streptomyces gilvigriseus sp. 25863667 13 4 theme related 1511:1517 arg1 strains 1524:1530 closely related type strains 1503:1530 closely related type strains 1503:1530 DNA-DNA relatedness values between MUSC 26(T) and closely related type strains ranged from 17.0 ± 2.2 to 33.2 ± 5.3 %. 25863667 3 5 theme ISP 305:307 arg1 agar 311:314 ISP 7 agar 305:314 ISP 7 agar 305:314 The bacterium was observed to be Gram-positive and to form grayish yellow aerial and substrate mycelium on ISP 7 agar. 25863667 2 6 theme novel 98:102 arg1 Streptomyces 104:115 A novel Streptomyces 96:115 A novel Streptomyces 96:115 A novel Streptomyces, strain MUSC 26(T), was isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 25863667 2 6 theme novel 98:102 arg1 MUSC 125:128 strain MUSC 26 118:131 strain MUSC 26(T) 118:134 A novel Streptomyces, strain MUSC 26(T), was isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 25863667 18 7 theme =DSMZ 1916:1920 arg1 T 1946:1946 T 1946:1946 T 1946:1946 The type strain is MUSC 26(T) (=DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504(T)). 25863667 18 7 theme =DSMZ 1916:1920 arg1 1K00504 1938:1944 =DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504 1916:1944 =DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504(T) 1916:1947 The type strain is MUSC 26(T) (=DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504(T)). 25863667 5 8 theme LL-diaminopimelic 576:592 arg1 acid 594:597 LL-diaminopimelic acid 576:597 LL-diaminopimelic acid 576:597 The cell wall peptidoglycan was determined to contain LL-diaminopimelic acid. 25863667 18 9 theme 42173 1922:1926 arg1 T 1946:1946 T 1946:1946 T 1946:1946 The type strain is MUSC 26(T) (=DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504(T)). 25863667 18 9 theme 42173 1922:1926 arg1 1K00504 1938:1944 =DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504 1916:1944 =DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504(T) 1916:1947 The type strain is MUSC 26(T) (=DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504(T)). 25863667 11 10 theme % 1338:1338 arg1 172205 1322:1327 172205 1322:1327 172205 1322:1327 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that closely related strains include Streptomyces qinglanensis 172205(T) (96.5 % sequence similarity), S. sodiiphilus YIM 80305(T) (96.5 %) and S. rimosus subsp. 25863667 11 10 theme % 1338:1338 arg1 similarity 1349:1358 96.5 % sequence similarity 1333:1358 96.5 % sequence similarity 1333:1358 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that closely related strains include Streptomyces qinglanensis 172205(T) (96.5 % sequence similarity), S. sodiiphilus YIM 80305(T) (96.5 %) and S. rimosus subsp. 25863667 5 11 theme cell 526:529 arg1 peptidoglycan 536:548 The cell wall peptidoglycan 522:548 The cell wall peptidoglycan 522:548 The cell wall peptidoglycan was determined to contain LL-diaminopimelic acid. 25863667 11 12 theme 96.5  1333:1337 arg1 % 1338:1338 % 1338:1338 % 1338:1338 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that closely related strains include Streptomyces qinglanensis 172205(T) (96.5 % sequence similarity), S. sodiiphilus YIM 80305(T) (96.5 %) and S. rimosus subsp. 25863667 15 13 theme DNA 1663:1665 arg1 % 1708:1708 74.6 mol% 1700:1708 74.6 mol% 1700:1708 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 74.6 mol%. 25863667 15 13 theme DNA 1663:1665 arg1 content 1671:1677 The DNA G+C content 1659:1677 The DNA G+C content 1659:1677 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 74.6 mol%. 25863667 5 14 theme wall 531:534 arg1 peptidoglycan 536:548 The cell wall peptidoglycan 522:548 The cell wall peptidoglycan 522:548 The cell wall peptidoglycan was determined to contain LL-diaminopimelic acid. 25863667 1 15 theme mangrove 74:81 arg1 soil 90:93 mangrove forest soil 74:93 mangrove forest soil 74:93 nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from mangrove forest soil. 25863667 0 16 theme gilvigriseus 13:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Streptomyces gilvigriseus sp 0:27 Streptomyces gilvigriseus sp. 0:28 Streptomyces gilvigriseus sp. 25863667 18 17 theme type 1889:1892 arg1 MUSC 1904:1907 MUSC 26 1904:1910 MUSC 26(T) (=DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504(T)) 1904:1948 The type strain is MUSC 26(T) (=DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504(T)). 25863667 18 17 theme type 1889:1892 arg1 strain 1894:1899 The type strain 1885:1899 The type strain 1885:1899 The type strain is MUSC 26(T) (=DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504(T)). 25863667 16 18 theme Streptomyces 1837:1848 arg1 sp 1863:1864 the name Streptomyces gilvigriseus sp 1828:1864 the name Streptomyces gilvigriseus sp 1828:1864 Based on this polyphasic study of MUSC 26(T), it is concluded that this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Streptomyces gilvigriseus sp. 25863667 16 19 theme name 1832:1835 arg1 sp 1863:1864 the name Streptomyces gilvigriseus sp 1828:1864 the name Streptomyces gilvigriseus sp 1828:1864 Based on this polyphasic study of MUSC 26(T), it is concluded that this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Streptomyces gilvigriseus sp. 25863667 1 20 theme forest 83:88 arg1 soil 90:93 mangrove forest soil 74:93 mangrove forest soil 74:93 nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from mangrove forest soil. 25863667 0 21 theme Streptomyces 0:11 arg1 sp 26:27 Streptomyces gilvigriseus sp 0:27 Streptomyces gilvigriseus sp. 0:28 Streptomyces gilvigriseus sp. 25863667 15 22 theme 74.6 mol 1700:1707 arg1 % 1708:1708 74.6 mol% 1700:1708 74.6 mol% 1700:1708 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 74.6 mol%. 25863667 15 22 theme 74.6 mol 1700:1707 arg1 content 1671:1677 The DNA G+C content 1659:1677 The DNA G+C content 1659:1677 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 74.6 mol%. 25863667 4 23 theme polyphasic 319:328 arg1 approach 330:337 A polyphasic approach 317:337 A polyphasic approach 317:337 A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomy of strain MUSC 26(T), which shows a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the members of the genus Streptomyces. 25863667 6 24 theme predominant 604:614 arg1 MK-9 662:665 MK-9 662:665 MK-9(H6) 662:669 The predominant menaquinones were identified as MK-9 (H8) and MK-9(H6). 25863667 6 24 theme predominant 604:614 arg1 MK-9 648:651 MK-9 648:651 MK-9 (H8) 648:656 The predominant menaquinones were identified as MK-9 (H8) and MK-9(H6). 25863667 6 24 theme predominant 604:614 arg1 menaquinones 616:627 The predominant menaquinones 600:627 The predominant menaquinones 600:627 The predominant menaquinones were identified as MK-9 (H8) and MK-9(H6). 25863667 18 25 theme T 1928:1928 arg1 T 1946:1946 T 1946:1946 T 1946:1946 The type strain is MUSC 26(T) (=DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504(T)). 25863667 18 25 theme T 1928:1928 arg1 1K00504 1938:1944 =DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504 1916:1944 =DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504(T) 1916:1947 The type strain is MUSC 26(T) (=DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504(T)). 25863667 4 26 theme consistent 458:467 arg1 properties 447:456 phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties 415:456 phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the members of the genus Streptomyces 415:519 A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomy of strain MUSC 26(T), which shows a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the members of the genus Streptomyces. 25863667 13 27 theme DNA-DNA 1453:1459 arg1 values 1473:1478 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1453:1478 DNA-DNA relatedness values between MUSC 26(T) and closely related type strains 1453:1530 DNA-DNA relatedness values between MUSC 26(T) and closely related type strains ranged from 17.0 ± 2.2 to 33.2 ± 5.3 %. 25863667 13 28 theme relatedness 1461:1471 arg1 values 1473:1478 DNA-DNA relatedness values 1453:1478 DNA-DNA relatedness values between MUSC 26(T) and closely related type strains 1453:1530 DNA-DNA relatedness values between MUSC 26(T) and closely related type strains ranged from 17.0 ± 2.2 to 33.2 ± 5.3 %. 25863667 16 29 theme MUSC 1745:1748 arg1 study 1736:1740 this polyphasic study 1720:1740 this polyphasic study of MUSC 26(T) 1720:1754 Based on this polyphasic study of MUSC 26(T), it is concluded that this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Streptomyces gilvigriseus sp. 25863667 10 30 theme genus 1207:1211 arg1 Streptomyces 1213:1224 the genus Streptomyces 1203:1224 the genus Streptomyces 1203:1224 These results suggest that MUSC 26(T) should be placed within the genus Streptomyces. 25863667 4 31 theme MUSC 380:383 arg1 taxonomy 361:368 the taxonomy 357:368 the taxonomy 357:368 A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomy of strain MUSC 26(T), which shows a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the members of the genus Streptomyces. 25863667 11 32 theme sequence 1340:1347 arg1 172205 1322:1327 172205 1322:1327 172205 1322:1327 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that closely related strains include Streptomyces qinglanensis 172205(T) (96.5 % sequence similarity), S. sodiiphilus YIM 80305(T) (96.5 %) and S. rimosus subsp. 25863667 11 32 theme sequence 1340:1347 arg1 similarity 1349:1358 96.5 % sequence similarity 1333:1358 96.5 % sequence similarity 1333:1358 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that closely related strains include Streptomyces qinglanensis 172205(T) (96.5 % sequence similarity), S. sodiiphilus YIM 80305(T) (96.5 %) and S. rimosus subsp. 25863667 8 33 theme cellular 912:919 arg1 % 940:940 >10.0 % 934:940 >10.0 % 934:940 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were identified as anteiso-C15:0 (31.4 %), iso-C16:0 (16.3 %), iso-C15:0 (13.9 %) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.6 %). 25863667 8 33 theme cellular 912:919 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 1029:1041 anteiso-C17:0 1029:1041 anteiso-C17:0 (12.6 %) 1029:1050 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were identified as anteiso-C15:0 (31.4 %), iso-C16:0 (16.3 %), iso-C15:0 (13.9 %) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.6 %). 25863667 8 33 theme cellular 912:919 arg1 acids 927:931 The predominant cellular fatty acids 896:931 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) 896:941 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were identified as anteiso-C15:0 (31.4 %), iso-C16:0 (16.3 %), iso-C15:0 (13.9 %) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.6 %). 25863667 8 33 theme cellular 912:919 arg1 iso-C16:0 986:994 iso-C16:0 986:994 iso-C16:0 (16.3 %) 986:1003 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were identified as anteiso-C15:0 (31.4 %), iso-C16:0 (16.3 %), iso-C15:0 (13.9 %) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.6 %). 25863667 8 33 theme cellular 912:919 arg1 iso-C15:0 1006:1014 iso-C15:0 1006:1014 iso-C15:0 (13.9 %) 1006:1023 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were identified as anteiso-C15:0 (31.4 %), iso-C16:0 (16.3 %), iso-C15:0 (13.9 %) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.6 %). 25863667 8 33 theme cellular 912:919 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 962:974 anteiso-C15:0 962:974 anteiso-C15:0 (31.4 %) 962:983 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were identified as anteiso-C15:0 (31.4 %), iso-C16:0 (16.3 %), iso-C15:0 (13.9 %) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.6 %). 25863667 2 34 attach isolated 141:148 arg1 soil 164:167 mangrove soil 155:167 mangrove soil 155:167 A novel Streptomyces, strain MUSC 26(T), was isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 25863667 2 34 attach isolated 141:148 arg2 MUSC 125:128 strain MUSC 26 118:131 strain MUSC 26(T) 118:134 A novel Streptomyces, strain MUSC 26(T), was isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 25863667 2 34 attach isolated 141:148 arg2 Streptomyces 104:115 A novel Streptomyces 96:115 A novel Streptomyces 96:115 A novel Streptomyces, strain MUSC 26(T), was isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 25863667 13 35 theme type 1519:1522 arg1 strains 1524:1530 closely related type strains 1503:1530 closely related type strains 1503:1530 DNA-DNA relatedness values between MUSC 26(T) and closely related type strains ranged from 17.0 ± 2.2 to 33.2 ± 5.3 %. 25863667 14 36 theme fingerprints 1594:1605 arg1 Comparison 1572:1581 Comparison 1572:1581 Comparison of BOX-PCR fingerprints 1572:1605 Comparison of BOX-PCR fingerprints indicated MUSC 26(T) presents a unique DNA profile. 25863667 4 37 theme strain 373:378 arg1 MUSC 380:383 strain MUSC 26 373:386 strain MUSC 26(T) 373:389 A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomy of strain MUSC 26(T), which shows a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the members of the genus Streptomyces. 25863667 4 37 theme strain 373:378 arg1 T 388:388 T 388:388 T 388:388 A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomy of strain MUSC 26(T), which shows a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the members of the genus Streptomyces. 25863667 8 38 theme predominant 900:910 arg1 % 940:940 >10.0 % 934:940 >10.0 % 934:940 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were identified as anteiso-C15:0 (31.4 %), iso-C16:0 (16.3 %), iso-C15:0 (13.9 %) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.6 %). 25863667 8 38 theme predominant 900:910 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 1029:1041 anteiso-C17:0 1029:1041 anteiso-C17:0 (12.6 %) 1029:1050 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were identified as anteiso-C15:0 (31.4 %), iso-C16:0 (16.3 %), iso-C15:0 (13.9 %) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.6 %). 25863667 8 38 theme predominant 900:910 arg1 acids 927:931 The predominant cellular fatty acids 896:931 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) 896:941 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were identified as anteiso-C15:0 (31.4 %), iso-C16:0 (16.3 %), iso-C15:0 (13.9 %) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.6 %). 25863667 8 38 theme predominant 900:910 arg1 iso-C16:0 986:994 iso-C16:0 986:994 iso-C16:0 (16.3 %) 986:1003 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were identified as anteiso-C15:0 (31.4 %), iso-C16:0 (16.3 %), iso-C15:0 (13.9 %) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.6 %). 25863667 8 38 theme predominant 900:910 arg1 iso-C15:0 1006:1014 iso-C15:0 1006:1014 iso-C15:0 (13.9 %) 1006:1023 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were identified as anteiso-C15:0 (31.4 %), iso-C16:0 (16.3 %), iso-C15:0 (13.9 %) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.6 %). 25863667 8 38 theme predominant 900:910 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 962:974 anteiso-C15:0 962:974 anteiso-C15:0 (31.4 %) 962:983 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were identified as anteiso-C15:0 (31.4 %), iso-C16:0 (16.3 %), iso-C15:0 (13.9 %) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.6 %). 25863667 15 39 theme G+C 1667:1669 arg1 % 1708:1708 74.6 mol% 1700:1708 74.6 mol% 1700:1708 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 74.6 mol%. 25863667 15 39 theme G+C 1667:1669 arg1 content 1671:1677 The DNA G+C content 1659:1677 The DNA G+C content 1659:1677 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 74.6 mol%. 25863667 14 40 theme BOX-PCR 1586:1592 arg1 fingerprints 1594:1605 BOX-PCR fingerprints 1586:1605 BOX-PCR fingerprints 1586:1605 Comparison of BOX-PCR fingerprints indicated MUSC 26(T) presents a unique DNA profile. 25863667 11 41 theme Phylogenetic 1227:1238 arg1 analysis 1240:1247 Phylogenetic analysis 1227:1247 Phylogenetic analysis 1227:1247 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that closely related strains include Streptomyces qinglanensis 172205(T) (96.5 % sequence similarity), S. sodiiphilus YIM 80305(T) (96.5 %) and S. rimosus subsp. 25863667 4 42 theme phylogenetic 415:426 arg1 properties 447:456 phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties 415:456 phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the members of the genus Streptomyces 415:519 A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomy of strain MUSC 26(T), which shows a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the members of the genus Streptomyces. 25863667 8 43 theme fatty 921:925 arg1 % 940:940 >10.0 % 934:940 >10.0 % 934:940 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were identified as anteiso-C15:0 (31.4 %), iso-C16:0 (16.3 %), iso-C15:0 (13.9 %) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.6 %). 25863667 8 43 theme fatty 921:925 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 1029:1041 anteiso-C17:0 1029:1041 anteiso-C17:0 (12.6 %) 1029:1050 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were identified as anteiso-C15:0 (31.4 %), iso-C16:0 (16.3 %), iso-C15:0 (13.9 %) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.6 %). 25863667 8 43 theme fatty 921:925 arg1 acids 927:931 The predominant cellular fatty acids 896:931 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) 896:941 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were identified as anteiso-C15:0 (31.4 %), iso-C16:0 (16.3 %), iso-C15:0 (13.9 %) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.6 %). 25863667 8 43 theme fatty 921:925 arg1 iso-C16:0 986:994 iso-C16:0 986:994 iso-C16:0 (16.3 %) 986:1003 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were identified as anteiso-C15:0 (31.4 %), iso-C16:0 (16.3 %), iso-C15:0 (13.9 %) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.6 %). 25863667 8 43 theme fatty 921:925 arg1 iso-C15:0 1006:1014 iso-C15:0 1006:1014 iso-C15:0 (13.9 %) 1006:1023 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were identified as anteiso-C15:0 (31.4 %), iso-C16:0 (16.3 %), iso-C15:0 (13.9 %) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.6 %). 25863667 8 43 theme fatty 921:925 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 962:974 anteiso-C15:0 962:974 anteiso-C15:0 (31.4 %) 962:983 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were identified as anteiso-C15:0 (31.4 %), iso-C16:0 (16.3 %), iso-C15:0 (13.9 %) and anteiso-C17:0 (12.6 %). 25863667 4 44 used used 343:346 arg2 approach 330:337 A polyphasic approach 317:337 A polyphasic approach 317:337 A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomy of strain MUSC 26(T), which shows a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the members of the genus Streptomyces. 25863667 4 45 theme properties 447:456 arg1 range 406:410 a range 404:410 a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the members of the genus Streptomyces 404:519 A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomy of strain MUSC 26(T), which shows a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the members of the genus Streptomyces. 25863667 11 46 dep qinglanensis 1309:1320 arg1 similarity 1349:1358 96.5 % sequence similarity 1333:1358 96.5 % sequence similarity 1333:1358 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that closely related strains include Streptomyces qinglanensis 172205(T) (96.5 % sequence similarity), S. sodiiphilus YIM 80305(T) (96.5 %) and S. rimosus subsp. 25863667 11 46 dep qinglanensis 1309:1320 arg1 T 1329:1329 T 1329:1329 T 1329:1329 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that closely related strains include Streptomyces qinglanensis 172205(T) (96.5 % sequence similarity), S. sodiiphilus YIM 80305(T) (96.5 %) and S. rimosus subsp. 25863667 11 46 dep qinglanensis 1309:1320 arg1 YIM 1377:1379 YIM 1377:1379 YIM 1377:1379 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that closely related strains include Streptomyces qinglanensis 172205(T) (96.5 % sequence similarity), S. sodiiphilus YIM 80305(T) (96.5 %) and S. rimosus subsp. 25863667 11 46 dep qinglanensis 1309:1320 arg1 172205 1322:1327 172205 1322:1327 172205 1322:1327 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that closely related strains include Streptomyces qinglanensis 172205(T) (96.5 % sequence similarity), S. sodiiphilus YIM 80305(T) (96.5 %) and S. rimosus subsp. 25863667 11 46 dep qinglanensis 1309:1320 arg1 subsp 1414:1418 subsp 1414:1418 subsp 1414:1418 Phylogenetic analysis indicated that closely related strains include Streptomyces qinglanensis 172205(T) (96.5 % sequence similarity), S. sodiiphilus YIM 80305(T) (96.5 %) and S. rimosus subsp. 25863667 5 47 contain contain 568:574 arg1 peptidoglycan 536:548 The cell wall peptidoglycan 522:548 The cell wall peptidoglycan 522:548 The cell wall peptidoglycan was determined to contain LL-diaminopimelic acid. 25863667 5 47 contain contain 568:574 arg2 acid 594:597 LL-diaminopimelic acid 576:597 LL-diaminopimelic acid 576:597 The cell wall peptidoglycan was determined to contain LL-diaminopimelic acid. 25863667 18 48 dep MUSC 1904:1907 arg1 T 1946:1946 T 1946:1946 T 1946:1946 The type strain is MUSC 26(T) (=DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504(T)). 25863667 18 48 dep MUSC 1904:1907 arg1 1K00504 1938:1944 =DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504 1916:1944 =DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504(T) 1916:1947 The type strain is MUSC 26(T) (=DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504(T)). 25863667 9 49 theme cell 1057:1060 arg1 galactose 1091:1099 galactose 1091:1099 galactose 1091:1099 The cell wall sugars were found to be galactose, glucose, mannose, ribose and rhamnose. 25863667 9 49 theme cell 1057:1060 arg1 sugars 1067:1072 The cell wall sugars 1053:1072 The cell wall sugars 1053:1072 The cell wall sugars were found to be galactose, glucose, mannose, ribose and rhamnose. 25863667 14 50 theme DNA 1646:1648 arg1 profile 1650:1656 a unique DNA profile 1637:1656 a unique DNA profile 1637:1656 Comparison of BOX-PCR fingerprints indicated MUSC 26(T) presents a unique DNA profile. 25863667 4 51 theme chemotaxonomic 432:445 arg1 properties 447:456 phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties 415:456 phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the members of the genus Streptomyces 415:519 A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomy of strain MUSC 26(T), which shows a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the members of the genus Streptomyces. 25863667 9 52 theme wall 1062:1065 arg1 galactose 1091:1099 galactose 1091:1099 galactose 1091:1099 The cell wall sugars were found to be galactose, glucose, mannose, ribose and rhamnose. 25863667 9 52 theme wall 1062:1065 arg1 sugars 1067:1072 The cell wall sugars 1053:1072 The cell wall sugars 1053:1072 The cell wall sugars were found to be galactose, glucose, mannose, ribose and rhamnose. 25863667 14 53 theme unique 1639:1644 arg1 profile 1650:1656 a unique DNA profile 1637:1656 a unique DNA profile 1637:1656 Comparison of BOX-PCR fingerprints indicated MUSC 26(T) presents a unique DNA profile. 25863667 4 54 theme Streptomyces 508:519 arg1 members 487:493 the members 483:493 the members of the genus Streptomyces 483:519 A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomy of strain MUSC 26(T), which shows a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the members of the genus Streptomyces. 25863667 4 55 with consistent 458:467 arg1 those 474:478 those 474:478 those 474:478 A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomy of strain MUSC 26(T), which shows a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the members of the genus Streptomyces. 25863667 2 56 theme mangrove 155:162 arg1 soil 164:167 mangrove soil 155:167 mangrove soil 155:167 A novel Streptomyces, strain MUSC 26(T), was isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 25863667 4 57 theme genus 502:506 arg1 Streptomyces 508:519 the genus Streptomyces 498:519 the genus Streptomyces 498:519 A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomy of strain MUSC 26(T), which shows a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the members of the genus Streptomyces. 25863667 16 58 theme polyphasic 1725:1734 arg1 study 1736:1740 this polyphasic study 1720:1740 this polyphasic study of MUSC 26(T) 1720:1754 Based on this polyphasic study of MUSC 26(T), it is concluded that this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Streptomyces gilvigriseus sp. 25863667 3 59 theme substrate 283:291 arg1 mycelium 293:300 grayish yellow aerial and substrate mycelium 257:300 mycelium 293:300 The bacterium was observed to be Gram-positive and to form grayish yellow aerial and substrate mycelium on ISP 7 agar. 25863667 2 60 theme strain 118:123 arg1 Streptomyces 104:115 A novel Streptomyces 96:115 A novel Streptomyces 96:115 A novel Streptomyces, strain MUSC 26(T), was isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 25863667 2 60 theme strain 118:123 arg1 MUSC 125:128 strain MUSC 26 118:131 strain MUSC 26(T) 118:134 A novel Streptomyces, strain MUSC 26(T), was isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 25863667 2 60 theme strain 118:123 arg1 T 133:133 T 133:133 T 133:133 A novel Streptomyces, strain MUSC 26(T), was isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 25863667 1 61 theme novel 38:42 arg1 actinobacterium 44:58 a novel actinobacterium 36:58 a novel actinobacterium 36:58 nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from mangrove forest soil. 25863667 1 61 theme novel 38:42 arg1 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from mangrove forest soil. 25863667 18 62 theme  = MCCC 1930:1936 arg1 T 1946:1946 T 1946:1946 T 1946:1946 The type strain is MUSC 26(T) (=DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504(T)). 25863667 18 62 theme  = MCCC 1930:1936 arg1 1K00504 1938:1944 =DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504 1916:1944 =DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504(T) 1916:1947 The type strain is MUSC 26(T) (=DSMZ 42173(T) = MCCC 1K00504(T)). 25863667 7 63 theme polar 676:680 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 717:738 diphosphatidylglycerol 717:738 diphosphatidylglycerol 717:738 The polar lipids detected were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine and hydroxyphosphatidylmethylethanolamine. 25863667 7 63 theme polar 676:680 arg1 phosphatidylinositol 741:760 phosphatidylinositol 741:760 phosphatidylinositol 741:760 The polar lipids detected were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine and hydroxyphosphatidylmethylethanolamine. 25863667 7 63 theme polar 676:680 arg1 phosphatidylmethylethanolamine 822:851 phosphatidylmethylethanolamine 822:851 phosphatidylmethylethanolamine 822:851 The polar lipids detected were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine and hydroxyphosphatidylmethylethanolamine. 25863667 7 63 theme polar 676:680 arg1 lipids 682:687 The polar lipids 672:687 The polar lipids detected 672:696 The polar lipids detected were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine and hydroxyphosphatidylmethylethanolamine. 25863667 7 63 theme polar 676:680 arg1 hydroxyphosphatidylmethylethanolamine 857:893 hydroxyphosphatidylmethylethanolamine 857:893 hydroxyphosphatidylmethylethanolamine 857:893 The polar lipids detected were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine and hydroxyphosphatidylmethylethanolamine. 25863667 7 63 theme polar 676:680 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 763:786 phosphatidylethanolamine 763:786 phosphatidylethanolamine 763:786 The polar lipids detected were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine and hydroxyphosphatidylmethylethanolamine. 25863667 7 63 theme polar 676:680 arg1 hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine 789:819 hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine 789:819 hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine 789:819 The polar lipids detected were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine and hydroxyphosphatidylmethylethanolamine. 26729090 6 0 theme neuron 909:914 arg1 cultures 916:923 single VM neuron cultures 899:923 single VM neuron cultures 899:923 IL-10 reduced LPS-induced neuronal loss particularly in single VM neuron cultures. 26729090 6 1 theme neuronal 869:876 arg1 loss 878:881 LPS-induced neuronal loss 857:881 LPS-induced neuronal loss 857:881 IL-10 reduced LPS-induced neuronal loss particularly in single VM neuron cultures. 26729090 8 2 dep factors 1131:1137 arg1 factor 1167:1172 brain-derived neurotrophic factor 1140:1172 brain-derived neurotrophic factor 1140:1172 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 8 2 dep factors 1131:1137 arg1 factors 1131:1137 neurotrophic factors 1118:1137 neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) 1118:1245 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 8 2 dep factors 1131:1137 arg1 factor 1239:1244 glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor 1207:1244 glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor 1207:1244 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 8 2 dep factors 1131:1137 arg1 factor-1 1195:1202 insulin-like growth factor-1 1175:1202 insulin-like growth factor-1 1175:1202 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 10 3 theme LPS 1560:1562 arg1 neurotoxicity 1564:1576 LPS neurotoxicity 1560:1576 LPS neurotoxicity 1560:1576 These results suggest that astrocytes can balance LPS neurotoxicity by releasing more neurotrophic factors and that IL-10 exerts neuroprotective property by an extensive action including direct on neurons and indirect via inhibiting microglial activation. 26729090 6 4 theme VM 906:907 arg1 cultures 916:923 single VM neuron cultures 899:923 single VM neuron cultures 899:923 IL-10 reduced LPS-induced neuronal loss particularly in single VM neuron cultures. 26729090 3 5 theme microglia 530:538 arg1 composition 506:516 different composition 496:516 different composition of neurons, microglia and astrocytes 496:553 Primary ventral mesencephalic (VM) cultures with different composition of neurons, microglia and astrocytes were prepared. 26729090 7 6 dep mediators 943:951 arg1 mediators 943:951 Pro-inflammatory mediators 926:951 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) 926:1020 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) were upregulated in both neuron-microglia and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 7 6 dep mediators 943:951 arg1 cyclooxygenase-2 1004:1019 cyclooxygenase-2 1004:1019 cyclooxygenase-2 1004:1019 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) were upregulated in both neuron-microglia and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 7 6 dep mediators 943:951 arg1 synthase 991:998 inducible nitric oxide synthase 968:998 inducible nitric oxide synthase 968:998 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) were upregulated in both neuron-microglia and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 7 6 dep mediators 943:951 arg1 IL-1β 961:965 IL-1β 961:965 IL-1β 961:965 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) were upregulated in both neuron-microglia and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 7 6 dep mediators 943:951 arg1 TNF-α 954:958 TNF-α 954:958 TNF-α 954:958 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) were upregulated in both neuron-microglia and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 4 7 theme IL-10 596:600 arg1 h 626:626 IL-10 (15, 50 or 150 ng/mL) 1 h 596:626 IL-10 (15, 50 or 150 ng/mL) 1 h prior to LPS (50 ng/mL) treatment 596:660 The cells were exposed to IL-10 (15, 50 or 150 ng/mL) 1 h prior to LPS (50 ng/mL) treatment. 26729090 5 8 theme non-dopaminergic 692:707 arg1 loss 718:721 dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neuronal loss 675:721 dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neuronal loss 675:721 LPS induced dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neuronal loss in VM cultures, VM neuron-enriched cultures, and neuron-microglia co-cultures, but not in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures. 26729090 6 9 theme single 899:904 arg1 cultures 916:923 single VM neuron cultures 899:923 single VM neuron cultures 899:923 IL-10 reduced LPS-induced neuronal loss particularly in single VM neuron cultures. 26729090 7 10 theme nitric 978:983 arg1 mediators 943:951 Pro-inflammatory mediators 926:951 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) 926:1020 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) were upregulated in both neuron-microglia and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 7 10 theme nitric 978:983 arg1 synthase 991:998 inducible nitric oxide synthase 968:998 inducible nitric oxide synthase 968:998 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) were upregulated in both neuron-microglia and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 9 11 theme factors 1486:1492 arg1 production 1455:1464 production 1455:1464 production of the neurotrophic factors induced by LPS 1455:1507 IL-10 reduced both the increase in production of the pro-inflammatory mediators and the decrease in production of the neurotrophic factors induced by LPS. 26729090 5 12 theme neuronal 709:716 arg1 loss 718:721 dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neuronal loss 675:721 dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neuronal loss 675:721 LPS induced dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neuronal loss in VM cultures, VM neuron-enriched cultures, and neuron-microglia co-cultures, but not in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures. 26729090 9 13 theme mediators 1425:1433 arg1 production 1390:1399 production 1390:1399 production of the pro-inflammatory mediators 1390:1433 IL-10 reduced both the increase in production of the pro-inflammatory mediators and the decrease in production of the neurotrophic factors induced by LPS. 26729090 8 14 link cell-derived 1213:1224 arg1 factor 1239:1244 glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor 1207:1244 glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor 1207:1244 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 8 14 link cell-derived 1213:1224 arg1 factors 1131:1137 neurotrophic factors 1118:1137 neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) 1118:1245 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 2 15 theme inflammatory 303:314 arg1 disease 328:334 inflammatory Parkinson's disease 303:334 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory Parkinson's disease (PD) cell model 270:350 Herein, we utilized lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory Parkinson's disease (PD) cell model to determine whether microglia and astrocytes are necessary targets for IL-10 neuroprotection. 26729090 2 15 theme inflammatory 303:314 arg1 PD 337:338 PD 337:338 PD 337:338 Herein, we utilized lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory Parkinson's disease (PD) cell model to determine whether microglia and astrocytes are necessary targets for IL-10 neuroprotection. 26729090 2 16 used utilized 261:268 arg2 we 258:259 we 258:259 we 258:259 Herein, we utilized lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory Parkinson's disease (PD) cell model to determine whether microglia and astrocytes are necessary targets for IL-10 neuroprotection. 26729090 4 17 theme prior 628:632 arg1 h 626:626 IL-10 (15, 50 or 150 ng/mL) 1 h 596:626 IL-10 (15, 50 or 150 ng/mL) 1 h prior to LPS (50 ng/mL) treatment 596:660 The cells were exposed to IL-10 (15, 50 or 150 ng/mL) 1 h prior to LPS (50 ng/mL) treatment. 26729090 5 18 theme neuron-astrocyte 813:828 arg1 co-cultures 830:840 neuron-astrocyte co-cultures 813:840 neuron-astrocyte co-cultures 813:840 LPS induced dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neuronal loss in VM cultures, VM neuron-enriched cultures, and neuron-microglia co-cultures, but not in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures. 26729090 0 19 from Neurotoxicity 84:96 arg1 Cultures 123:130 Ventral Mesencephalic Cultures 101:130 Ventral Mesencephalic Cultures 101:130 Interleukin-10 Protection against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuro-Inflammation and Neurotoxicity in Ventral Mesencephalic Cultures. 26729090 2 20 theme -induced 294:301 arg1 model 346:350 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory Parkinson's disease (PD) cell model 270:350 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory Parkinson's disease (PD) cell model 270:350 Herein, we utilized lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory Parkinson's disease (PD) cell model to determine whether microglia and astrocytes are necessary targets for IL-10 neuroprotection. 26729090 3 21 theme mesencephalic 463:475 arg1 cultures 482:489 Primary ventral mesencephalic (VM) cultures 447:489 Primary ventral mesencephalic (VM) cultures with different composition of neurons, microglia and astrocytes 447:553 Primary ventral mesencephalic (VM) cultures with different composition of neurons, microglia and astrocytes were prepared. 26729090 8 22 theme glial 1207:1211 arg1 factor 1239:1244 glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor 1207:1244 glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor 1207:1244 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 8 22 theme glial 1207:1211 arg1 factors 1131:1137 neurotrophic factors 1118:1137 neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) 1118:1245 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 2 23 theme necessary 402:410 arg1 astrocytes 387:396 astrocytes 387:396 astrocytes 387:396 Herein, we utilized lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory Parkinson's disease (PD) cell model to determine whether microglia and astrocytes are necessary targets for IL-10 neuroprotection. 26729090 2 23 theme necessary 402:410 arg1 targets 412:418 necessary targets 402:418 necessary targets for IL-10 neuroprotection 402:444 Herein, we utilized lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory Parkinson's disease (PD) cell model to determine whether microglia and astrocytes are necessary targets for IL-10 neuroprotection. 26729090 2 23 theme necessary 402:410 arg1 microglia 373:381 microglia 373:381 microglia 373:381 Herein, we utilized lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory Parkinson's disease (PD) cell model to determine whether microglia and astrocytes are necessary targets for IL-10 neuroprotection. 26729090 5 24 theme neuron-microglia 772:787 arg1 co-cultures 789:799 neuron-microglia co-cultures 772:799 neuron-microglia co-cultures 772:799 LPS induced dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neuronal loss in VM cultures, VM neuron-enriched cultures, and neuron-microglia co-cultures, but not in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures. 26729090 0 25 from Neuro-Inflammation 61:78 arg1 Cultures 123:130 Ventral Mesencephalic Cultures 101:130 Ventral Mesencephalic Cultures 101:130 Interleukin-10 Protection against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuro-Inflammation and Neurotoxicity in Ventral Mesencephalic Cultures. 26729090 5 26 theme VM 726:727 arg1 cultures 729:736 VM cultures 726:736 VM cultures 726:736 LPS induced dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neuronal loss in VM cultures, VM neuron-enriched cultures, and neuron-microglia co-cultures, but not in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures. 26729090 1 27 theme Interleukin 133:143 arg1 IL 146:147 Interleukin (IL)-10 133:151 Interleukin (IL)-10 133:151 Interleukin (IL)-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is expressed in the brain and can inhibit microglial activation. 26729090 1 27 theme Interleukin 133:143 arg1 cytokine 175:182 an anti-inflammatory cytokine 154:182 an anti-inflammatory cytokine 154:182 Interleukin (IL)-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is expressed in the brain and can inhibit microglial activation. 26729090 10 28 theme more 1591:1594 arg1 factors 1609:1615 more neurotrophic factors 1591:1615 more neurotrophic factors 1591:1615 These results suggest that astrocytes can balance LPS neurotoxicity by releasing more neurotrophic factors and that IL-10 exerts neuroprotective property by an extensive action including direct on neurons and indirect via inhibiting microglial activation. 26729090 3 29 theme Primary 447:453 arg1 cultures 482:489 Primary ventral mesencephalic (VM) cultures 447:489 Primary ventral mesencephalic (VM) cultures with different composition of neurons, microglia and astrocytes 447:553 Primary ventral mesencephalic (VM) cultures with different composition of neurons, microglia and astrocytes were prepared. 26729090 5 30 theme dopaminergic 675:686 arg1 loss 718:721 dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neuronal loss 675:721 dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neuronal loss 675:721 LPS induced dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neuronal loss in VM cultures, VM neuron-enriched cultures, and neuron-microglia co-cultures, but not in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures. 26729090 3 31 theme ventral 455:461 arg1 cultures 482:489 Primary ventral mesencephalic (VM) cultures 447:489 Primary ventral mesencephalic (VM) cultures with different composition of neurons, microglia and astrocytes 447:553 Primary ventral mesencephalic (VM) cultures with different composition of neurons, microglia and astrocytes were prepared. 26729090 0 32 theme Lipopolysaccharide-Induced 34:59 arg1 Neuro-Inflammation 61:78 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuro-Inflammation 34:78 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuro-Inflammation 34:78 Interleukin-10 Protection against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuro-Inflammation and Neurotoxicity in Ventral Mesencephalic Cultures. 26729090 7 33 theme Pro-inflammatory 926:941 arg1 mediators 943:951 Pro-inflammatory mediators 926:951 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) 926:1020 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) were upregulated in both neuron-microglia and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 7 33 theme Pro-inflammatory 926:941 arg1 cyclooxygenase-2 1004:1019 cyclooxygenase-2 1004:1019 cyclooxygenase-2 1004:1019 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) were upregulated in both neuron-microglia and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 7 33 theme Pro-inflammatory 926:941 arg1 synthase 991:998 inducible nitric oxide synthase 968:998 inducible nitric oxide synthase 968:998 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) were upregulated in both neuron-microglia and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 7 33 theme Pro-inflammatory 926:941 arg1 IL-1β 961:965 IL-1β 961:965 IL-1β 961:965 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) were upregulated in both neuron-microglia and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 7 33 theme Pro-inflammatory 926:941 arg1 TNF-α 954:958 TNF-α 954:958 TNF-α 954:958 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) were upregulated in both neuron-microglia and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 2 34 theme disease 328:334 arg1 model 346:350 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory Parkinson's disease (PD) cell model 270:350 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory Parkinson's disease (PD) cell model 270:350 Herein, we utilized lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory Parkinson's disease (PD) cell model to determine whether microglia and astrocytes are necessary targets for IL-10 neuroprotection. 26729090 8 35 theme neurotrophic 1154:1165 arg1 factor 1167:1172 brain-derived neurotrophic factor 1140:1172 brain-derived neurotrophic factor 1140:1172 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 8 35 theme neurotrophic 1154:1165 arg1 factors 1131:1137 neurotrophic factors 1118:1137 neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) 1118:1245 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 10 36 theme neurotrophic 1596:1607 arg1 factors 1609:1615 more neurotrophic factors 1591:1615 more neurotrophic factors 1591:1615 These results suggest that astrocytes can balance LPS neurotoxicity by releasing more neurotrophic factors and that IL-10 exerts neuroprotective property by an extensive action including direct on neurons and indirect via inhibiting microglial activation. 26729090 9 37 from increase 1378:1385 arg1 production 1455:1464 production 1455:1464 production of the neurotrophic factors induced by LPS 1455:1507 IL-10 reduced both the increase in production of the pro-inflammatory mediators and the decrease in production of the neurotrophic factors induced by LPS. 26729090 9 37 from increase 1378:1385 arg1 production 1390:1399 production 1390:1399 production of the pro-inflammatory mediators 1390:1433 IL-10 reduced both the increase in production of the pro-inflammatory mediators and the decrease in production of the neurotrophic factors induced by LPS. 26729090 6 38 theme LPS-induced 857:867 arg1 loss 878:881 LPS-induced neuronal loss 857:881 LPS-induced neuronal loss 857:881 IL-10 reduced LPS-induced neuronal loss particularly in single VM neuron cultures. 26729090 5 39 theme neuron-enriched 742:756 arg1 cultures 758:765 VM neuron-enriched cultures 739:765 VM neuron-enriched cultures 739:765 LPS induced dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neuronal loss in VM cultures, VM neuron-enriched cultures, and neuron-microglia co-cultures, but not in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures. 26729090 3 40 with cultures 482:489 arg1 composition 506:516 different composition 496:516 different composition of neurons, microglia and astrocytes 496:553 Primary ventral mesencephalic (VM) cultures with different composition of neurons, microglia and astrocytes were prepared. 26729090 1 41 theme microglial 227:236 arg1 activation 238:247 microglial activation 227:247 microglial activation 227:247 Interleukin (IL)-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is expressed in the brain and can inhibit microglial activation. 26729090 2 42 theme IL-10 424:428 arg1 neuroprotection 430:444 IL-10 neuroprotection 424:444 IL-10 neuroprotection 424:444 Herein, we utilized lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory Parkinson's disease (PD) cell model to determine whether microglia and astrocytes are necessary targets for IL-10 neuroprotection. 26729090 4 43 theme LPS 637:639 arg1 treatment 652:660 LPS (50 ng/mL) treatment 637:660 LPS (50 ng/mL) treatment 637:660 The cells were exposed to IL-10 (15, 50 or 150 ng/mL) 1 h prior to LPS (50 ng/mL) treatment. 26729090 9 44 theme pro-inflammatory 1408:1423 arg1 mediators 1425:1433 the pro-inflammatory mediators 1404:1433 the pro-inflammatory mediators 1404:1433 IL-10 reduced both the increase in production of the pro-inflammatory mediators and the decrease in production of the neurotrophic factors induced by LPS. 26729090 7 45 theme neuron-astrocyte 1068:1083 arg1 co-cultures 1085:1095 both neuron-microglia and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures 1042:1095 both neuron-microglia and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures 1042:1095 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) were upregulated in both neuron-microglia and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 10 46 theme extensive 1670:1678 arg1 action 1680:1685 an extensive action 1667:1685 an extensive action including direct on neurons and indirect 1667:1726 These results suggest that astrocytes can balance LPS neurotoxicity by releasing more neurotrophic factors and that IL-10 exerts neuroprotective property by an extensive action including direct on neurons and indirect via inhibiting microglial activation. 26729090 8 47 theme neuron-astrocyte 1318:1333 arg1 co-cultures 1335:1345 neuron-astrocyte co-cultures 1318:1345 neuron-astrocyte co-cultures 1318:1345 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 8 48 theme growth 1188:1193 arg1 factors 1131:1137 neurotrophic factors 1118:1137 neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) 1118:1245 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 8 48 theme growth 1188:1193 arg1 factor-1 1195:1202 insulin-like growth factor-1 1175:1202 insulin-like growth factor-1 1175:1202 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 8 49 theme neurotrophic 1118:1129 arg1 factor 1167:1172 brain-derived neurotrophic factor 1140:1172 brain-derived neurotrophic factor 1140:1172 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 8 49 theme neurotrophic 1118:1129 arg1 factor-1 1195:1202 insulin-like growth factor-1 1175:1202 insulin-like growth factor-1 1175:1202 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 8 49 theme neurotrophic 1118:1129 arg1 factor 1239:1244 glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor 1207:1244 glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor 1207:1244 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 8 49 theme neurotrophic 1118:1129 arg1 factors 1131:1137 neurotrophic factors 1118:1137 neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) 1118:1245 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 8 50 theme brain-derived 1140:1152 arg1 factor 1167:1172 brain-derived neurotrophic factor 1140:1172 brain-derived neurotrophic factor 1140:1172 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 8 50 theme brain-derived 1140:1152 arg1 factors 1131:1137 neurotrophic factors 1118:1137 neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) 1118:1245 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 7 51 theme neuron-microglia 1047:1062 arg1 co-cultures 1085:1095 both neuron-microglia and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures 1042:1095 both neuron-microglia and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures 1042:1095 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) were upregulated in both neuron-microglia and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 3 52 theme neurons 521:527 arg1 composition 506:516 different composition 496:516 different composition of neurons, microglia and astrocytes 496:553 Primary ventral mesencephalic (VM) cultures with different composition of neurons, microglia and astrocytes were prepared. 26729090 8 53 theme cell-derived 1213:1224 arg1 factor 1239:1244 glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor 1207:1244 glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor 1207:1244 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 8 53 theme cell-derived 1213:1224 arg1 factors 1131:1137 neurotrophic factors 1118:1137 neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) 1118:1245 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 9 54 from decrease 1443:1450 arg1 production 1455:1464 production 1455:1464 production of the neurotrophic factors induced by LPS 1455:1507 IL-10 reduced both the increase in production of the pro-inflammatory mediators and the decrease in production of the neurotrophic factors induced by LPS. 26729090 9 54 from decrease 1443:1450 arg1 production 1390:1399 production 1390:1399 production of the pro-inflammatory mediators 1390:1433 IL-10 reduced both the increase in production of the pro-inflammatory mediators and the decrease in production of the neurotrophic factors induced by LPS. 26729090 8 55 link brain-derived 1140:1152 arg1 factor 1167:1172 brain-derived neurotrophic factor 1140:1172 brain-derived neurotrophic factor 1140:1172 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 8 55 link brain-derived 1140:1152 arg1 factors 1131:1137 neurotrophic factors 1118:1137 neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) 1118:1245 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 2 56 theme cell 341:344 arg1 model 346:350 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory Parkinson's disease (PD) cell model 270:350 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory Parkinson's disease (PD) cell model 270:350 Herein, we utilized lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory Parkinson's disease (PD) cell model to determine whether microglia and astrocytes are necessary targets for IL-10 neuroprotection. 26729090 9 57 theme neurotrophic 1473:1484 arg1 factors 1486:1492 the neurotrophic factors 1469:1492 the neurotrophic factors induced by LPS 1469:1507 IL-10 reduced both the increase in production of the pro-inflammatory mediators and the decrease in production of the neurotrophic factors induced by LPS. 26729090 7 58 theme oxide 985:989 arg1 mediators 943:951 Pro-inflammatory mediators 926:951 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) 926:1020 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) were upregulated in both neuron-microglia and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 7 58 theme oxide 985:989 arg1 synthase 991:998 inducible nitric oxide synthase 968:998 inducible nitric oxide synthase 968:998 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) were upregulated in both neuron-microglia and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 1 59 theme anti-inflammatory 157:173 arg1 IL 146:147 Interleukin (IL)-10 133:151 Interleukin (IL)-10 133:151 Interleukin (IL)-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is expressed in the brain and can inhibit microglial activation. 26729090 1 59 theme anti-inflammatory 157:173 arg1 cytokine 175:182 an anti-inflammatory cytokine 154:182 an anti-inflammatory cytokine 154:182 Interleukin (IL)-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is expressed in the brain and can inhibit microglial activation. 26729090 3 60 theme different 496:504 arg1 composition 506:516 different composition 496:516 different composition of neurons, microglia and astrocytes 496:553 Primary ventral mesencephalic (VM) cultures with different composition of neurons, microglia and astrocytes were prepared. 26729090 0 61 theme Mesencephalic 109:121 arg1 Cultures 123:130 Ventral Mesencephalic Cultures 101:130 Ventral Mesencephalic Cultures 101:130 Interleukin-10 Protection against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuro-Inflammation and Neurotoxicity in Ventral Mesencephalic Cultures. 26729090 3 62 theme VM 478:479 arg1 cultures 482:489 Primary ventral mesencephalic (VM) cultures 447:489 Primary ventral mesencephalic (VM) cultures with different composition of neurons, microglia and astrocytes 447:553 Primary ventral mesencephalic (VM) cultures with different composition of neurons, microglia and astrocytes were prepared. 26729090 10 63 theme neuroprotective 1639:1653 arg1 property 1655:1662 neuroprotective property 1639:1662 neuroprotective property 1639:1662 These results suggest that astrocytes can balance LPS neurotoxicity by releasing more neurotrophic factors and that IL-10 exerts neuroprotective property by an extensive action including direct on neurons and indirect via inhibiting microglial activation. 26729090 8 64 theme neuron-microglia 1269:1284 arg1 co-cultures 1286:1296 neuron-microglia co-cultures 1269:1296 neuron-microglia co-cultures 1269:1296 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 10 65 theme microglial 1743:1752 arg1 activation 1754:1763 microglial activation 1743:1763 microglial activation 1743:1763 These results suggest that astrocytes can balance LPS neurotoxicity by releasing more neurotrophic factors and that IL-10 exerts neuroprotective property by an extensive action including direct on neurons and indirect via inhibiting microglial activation. 26729090 0 66 theme Ventral 101:107 arg1 Cultures 123:130 Ventral Mesencephalic Cultures 101:130 Ventral Mesencephalic Cultures 101:130 Interleukin-10 Protection against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuro-Inflammation and Neurotoxicity in Ventral Mesencephalic Cultures. 26729090 8 67 theme neurotrophic 1226:1237 arg1 factor 1239:1244 glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor 1207:1244 glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor 1207:1244 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 8 67 theme neurotrophic 1226:1237 arg1 factors 1131:1137 neurotrophic factors 1118:1137 neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) 1118:1245 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 7 68 theme inducible 968:976 arg1 mediators 943:951 Pro-inflammatory mediators 926:951 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) 926:1020 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) were upregulated in both neuron-microglia and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 7 68 theme inducible 968:976 arg1 synthase 991:998 inducible nitric oxide synthase 968:998 inducible nitric oxide synthase 968:998 Pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) were upregulated in both neuron-microglia and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 3 69 theme astrocytes 544:553 arg1 composition 506:516 different composition 496:516 different composition of neurons, microglia and astrocytes 496:553 Primary ventral mesencephalic (VM) cultures with different composition of neurons, microglia and astrocytes were prepared. 26729090 8 70 theme insulin-like 1175:1186 arg1 factors 1131:1137 neurotrophic factors 1118:1137 neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) 1118:1245 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 26729090 8 70 theme insulin-like 1175:1186 arg1 factor-1 1195:1202 insulin-like growth factor-1 1175:1202 insulin-like growth factor-1 1175:1202 In contrast, neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) were downregulated in neuron-microglia co-cultures, but upregulated in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by LPS. 28117674 5 0 theme novel 699:703 arg1 procedure 724:732 a novel dual radiolabeling procedure 697:732 a novel dual radiolabeling procedure 697:732 Using a novel dual radiolabeling procedure, no CH modulated collagen biosynthesis in human knee cartilage explants. 28117674 6 1 theme aggrecanase 853:863 arg1 ADMATS4 865:871 the aggrecanase ADMATS4 849:871 the aggrecanase ADMATS4 849:871 Peptan® F 2000 enhanced the activities of the aggrecanase ADMATS4 and ADMATS5 in vitro without loss of proteoglycan from cartilage explants; the opposite effect was observed with Mobiforte®. 28117674 8 2 dep composition 1220:1230 arg1 the 1194:1196 the 1194:1196 the 1194:1196 In conclusion, the heterogeneous peptide composition and disparate pharmacological effects between CHs suggest that the effect of a CH preparation cannot be extrapolated to other formulations. 28117674 8 3 theme peptide 1212:1218 arg1 composition 1220:1230 heterogeneous peptide composition 1198:1230 heterogeneous peptide composition 1198:1230 In conclusion, the heterogeneous peptide composition and disparate pharmacological effects between CHs suggest that the effect of a CH preparation cannot be extrapolated to other formulations. 28117674 5 4 theme dual 705:708 arg1 procedure 724:732 a novel dual radiolabeling procedure 697:732 a novel dual radiolabeling procedure 697:732 Using a novel dual radiolabeling procedure, no CH modulated collagen biosynthesis in human knee cartilage explants. 28117674 4 5 theme total 632:636 arg1 number 638:643 the total number 628:643 the total number of peptides and common peptides 628:675 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays revealed marked differences between CHs of fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin with respect to the total number of peptides and common peptides between them. 28117674 4 6 theme Peptan® 548:554 arg1 F 572:572 Peptan® F 2000 564:577 Peptan® F 2000 564:577 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays revealed marked differences between CHs of fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin with respect to the total number of peptides and common peptides between them. 28117674 4 6 theme Peptan® 548:554 arg1 F 556:556 Peptan® F 5000 548:561 Peptan® F 5000 548:561 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays revealed marked differences between CHs of fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin with respect to the total number of peptides and common peptides between them. 28117674 4 7 theme fluorescence 479:490 arg1 assays 492:497 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays 434:497 assays 492:497 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays revealed marked differences between CHs of fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin with respect to the total number of peptides and common peptides between them. 28117674 9 8 theme effects 1491:1497 arg1 examination 1460:1470 a thorough examination 1449:1470 a thorough examination of its pleiotropic effects 1449:1497 Thus, the declaration of a CH as a safe and effective nutraceutical requires a thorough examination of its pleiotropic effects. 28117674 2 9 theme Collagen 272:279 arg1 mixtures 313:320 peptidic mixtures 304:320 peptidic mixtures that are often used as nutraceuticals for OA 304:365 Collagen hydrolysates (CHs) are peptidic mixtures that are often used as nutraceuticals for OA. 28117674 2 9 theme Collagen 272:279 arg1 CHs 295:297 CHs 295:297 CHs 295:297 Collagen hydrolysates (CHs) are peptidic mixtures that are often used as nutraceuticals for OA. 28117674 2 9 theme Collagen 272:279 arg1 hydrolysates 281:292 Collagen hydrolysates 272:292 Collagen hydrolysates (CHs) 272:298 Collagen hydrolysates (CHs) are peptidic mixtures that are often used as nutraceuticals for OA. 28117674 6 10 theme cartilage 928:936 arg1 explants 938:945 cartilage explants 928:945 cartilage explants 928:945 Peptan® F 2000 enhanced the activities of the aggrecanase ADMATS4 and ADMATS5 in vitro without loss of proteoglycan from cartilage explants; the opposite effect was observed with Mobiforte®. 28117674 9 11 theme effective 1416:1424 arg1 nutraceutical 1426:1438 a safe and effective nutraceutical 1405:1438 a safe and effective nutraceutical 1405:1438 Thus, the declaration of a CH as a safe and effective nutraceutical requires a thorough examination of its pleiotropic effects. 28117674 2 12 used used 337:340 arg2 nutraceuticals 345:358 nutraceuticals 345:358 nutraceuticals for OA 345:365 Collagen hydrolysates (CHs) are peptidic mixtures that are often used as nutraceuticals for OA. 28117674 2 12 used used 337:340 arg2 hydrolysates 281:292 Collagen hydrolysates 272:292 Collagen hydrolysates (CHs) 272:298 Collagen hydrolysates (CHs) are peptidic mixtures that are often used as nutraceuticals for OA. 28117674 2 12 used used 337:340 arg2 mixtures 313:320 peptidic mixtures 304:320 peptidic mixtures that are often used as nutraceuticals for OA 304:365 Collagen hydrolysates (CHs) are peptidic mixtures that are often used as nutraceuticals for OA. 28117674 4 13 theme common 661:666 arg1 peptides 668:675 common peptides 661:675 common peptides 661:675 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays revealed marked differences between CHs of fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin with respect to the total number of peptides and common peptides between them. 28117674 4 14 dep fish 542:545 arg1 F 572:572 Peptan® F 2000 564:577 Peptan® F 2000 564:577 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays revealed marked differences between CHs of fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin with respect to the total number of peptides and common peptides between them. 28117674 4 14 dep fish 542:545 arg1 F 556:556 Peptan® F 5000 548:561 Peptan® F 5000 548:561 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays revealed marked differences between CHs of fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin with respect to the total number of peptides and common peptides between them. 28117674 7 15 theme matrix 1018:1023 arg1 MMP 1044:1046 MMP 1044:1046 MMP 1044:1046 Interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -13 levels were elevated in explants that were treated with Mobiforte® and Peptan® F 5000, but not with Peptan® F 2000. 28117674 7 15 theme matrix 1018:1023 arg1 metalloproteinase 1025:1041 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 1018:1049 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 1018:1049 Interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -13 levels were elevated in explants that were treated with Mobiforte® and Peptan® F 5000, but not with Peptan® F 2000. 28117674 8 16 theme pharmacological 1246:1260 arg1 effects 1262:1268 disparate pharmacological effects 1236:1268 disparate pharmacological effects 1236:1268 In conclusion, the heterogeneous peptide composition and disparate pharmacological effects between CHs suggest that the effect of a CH preparation cannot be extrapolated to other formulations. 28117674 4 17 theme origin 605:610 arg1 CHs 535:537 CHs 535:537 CHs of fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin with respect to the total number of peptides and common peptides 535:675 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays revealed marked differences between CHs of fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin with respect to the total number of peptides and common peptides between them. 28117674 5 18 theme radiolabeling 710:722 arg1 procedure 724:732 a novel dual radiolabeling procedure 697:732 a novel dual radiolabeling procedure 697:732 Using a novel dual radiolabeling procedure, no CH modulated collagen biosynthesis in human knee cartilage explants. 28117674 4 19 theme Peptan® 564:570 arg1 F 572:572 Peptan® F 2000 564:577 Peptan® F 2000 564:577 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays revealed marked differences between CHs of fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin with respect to the total number of peptides and common peptides between them. 28117674 4 19 theme Peptan® 564:570 arg1 F 556:556 Peptan® F 5000 548:561 Peptan® F 5000 548:561 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays revealed marked differences between CHs of fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin with respect to the total number of peptides and common peptides between them. 28117674 4 20 dep AFM 470:472 arg1 NMR 465:467 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays 434:497 NMR 465:467 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays revealed marked differences between CHs of fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin with respect to the total number of peptides and common peptides between them. 28117674 0 21 theme Metabolic 0:8 arg1 Response 10:17 Metabolic Response 0:17 Metabolic Response of Human Osteoarthritic Cartilage to Biochemically Characterized Collagen Hydrolysates 0:104 Metabolic Response of Human Osteoarthritic Cartilage to Biochemically Characterized Collagen Hydrolysates. 28117674 1 22 theme acute 255:259 arg1 illnesses 261:269 acute illnesses 255:269 acute illnesses 255:269 The most frequent disease of the locomotor system is osteoarthritis (OA), which, as a chronic joint disease, might benefit more from nutrition than acute illnesses. 28117674 6 23 from explants 938:945 arg1 loss 902:905 loss 902:905 loss of proteoglycan from cartilage explants 902:945 Peptan® F 2000 enhanced the activities of the aggrecanase ADMATS4 and ADMATS5 in vitro without loss of proteoglycan from cartilage explants; the opposite effect was observed with Mobiforte®. 28117674 4 24 theme peptides 668:675 arg1 number 638:643 the total number 628:643 the total number of peptides and common peptides 628:675 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays revealed marked differences between CHs of fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin with respect to the total number of peptides and common peptides between them. 28117674 6 25 theme Peptan® 807:813 arg1 2000 817:820 Peptan® F 2000 807:820 Peptan® F 2000 807:820 Peptan® F 2000 enhanced the activities of the aggrecanase ADMATS4 and ADMATS5 in vitro without loss of proteoglycan from cartilage explants; the opposite effect was observed with Mobiforte®. 28117674 0 26 theme Human 22:26 arg1 Cartilage 43:51 Human Osteoarthritic Cartilage 22:51 Human Osteoarthritic Cartilage 22:51 Metabolic Response of Human Osteoarthritic Cartilage to Biochemically Characterized Collagen Hydrolysates. 28117674 7 27 theme IL 1011:1012 arg1 levels 1063:1068 Interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -13 levels 998:1068 Interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -13 levels 998:1068 Interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -13 levels were elevated in explants that were treated with Mobiforte® and Peptan® F 5000, but not with Peptan® F 2000. 28117674 1 28 theme frequent 116:123 arg1 osteoarthritis 160:173 osteoarthritis 160:173 osteoarthritis (OA) 160:178 The most frequent disease of the locomotor system is osteoarthritis (OA), which, as a chronic joint disease, might benefit more from nutrition than acute illnesses. 28117674 1 28 theme frequent 116:123 arg1 disease 125:131 The most frequent disease 107:131 The most frequent disease of the locomotor system 107:155 The most frequent disease of the locomotor system is osteoarthritis (OA), which, as a chronic joint disease, might benefit more from nutrition than acute illnesses. 28117674 4 29 theme porcine 584:590 arg1 origin 605:610 fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin 542:610 origin 605:610 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays revealed marked differences between CHs of fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin with respect to the total number of peptides and common peptides between them. 28117674 4 29 theme porcine 584:590 arg1 Mobiforte® 593:602 Mobiforte® 593:602 Mobiforte® 593:602 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays revealed marked differences between CHs of fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin with respect to the total number of peptides and common peptides between them. 28117674 9 30 theme thorough 1451:1458 arg1 examination 1460:1470 a thorough examination 1449:1470 a thorough examination of its pleiotropic effects 1449:1497 Thus, the declaration of a CH as a safe and effective nutraceutical requires a thorough examination of its pleiotropic effects. 28117674 7 31 dep Mobiforte® 1119:1128 arg1 F 1142:1142 F 5000 1142:1147 F 5000 1142:1147 Interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -13 levels were elevated in explants that were treated with Mobiforte® and Peptan® F 5000, but not with Peptan® F 2000. 28117674 4 32 theme biophysical 438:448 arg1 AFM 470:472 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays 434:497 AFM 470:472 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays revealed marked differences between CHs of fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin with respect to the total number of peptides and common peptides between them. 28117674 8 33 theme heterogeneous 1198:1210 arg1 composition 1220:1230 heterogeneous peptide composition 1198:1230 heterogeneous peptide composition 1198:1230 In conclusion, the heterogeneous peptide composition and disparate pharmacological effects between CHs suggest that the effect of a CH preparation cannot be extrapolated to other formulations. 28117674 9 34 theme safe 1407:1410 arg1 nutraceutical 1426:1438 a safe and effective nutraceutical 1405:1438 a safe and effective nutraceutical 1405:1438 Thus, the declaration of a CH as a safe and effective nutraceutical requires a thorough examination of its pleiotropic effects. 28117674 5 35 theme human 776:780 arg1 explants 797:804 human knee cartilage explants 776:804 human knee cartilage explants 776:804 Using a novel dual radiolabeling procedure, no CH modulated collagen biosynthesis in human knee cartilage explants. 28117674 0 36 theme Cartilage 43:51 arg1 Response 10:17 Metabolic Response 0:17 Metabolic Response of Human Osteoarthritic Cartilage to Biochemically Characterized Collagen Hydrolysates 0:104 Metabolic Response of Human Osteoarthritic Cartilage to Biochemically Characterized Collagen Hydrolysates. 28117674 4 37 theme fish 542:545 arg1 CHs 535:537 CHs 535:537 CHs of fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin with respect to the total number of peptides and common peptides 535:675 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays revealed marked differences between CHs of fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin with respect to the total number of peptides and common peptides between them. 28117674 7 38 theme Interleukin 998:1008 arg1 IL 1011:1012 Interleukin (IL)-6 998:1015 Interleukin (IL)-6 998:1015 Interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -13 levels were elevated in explants that were treated with Mobiforte® and Peptan® F 5000, but not with Peptan® F 2000. 28117674 5 39 theme knee 782:785 arg1 explants 797:804 human knee cartilage explants 776:804 human knee cartilage explants 776:804 Using a novel dual radiolabeling procedure, no CH modulated collagen biosynthesis in human knee cartilage explants. 28117674 1 40 theme chronic 193:199 arg1 disease 207:213 a chronic joint disease 191:213 a chronic joint disease 191:213 The most frequent disease of the locomotor system is osteoarthritis (OA), which, as a chronic joint disease, might benefit more from nutrition than acute illnesses. 28117674 0 41 theme Osteoarthritic 28:41 arg1 Cartilage 43:51 Human Osteoarthritic Cartilage 22:51 Human Osteoarthritic Cartilage 22:51 Metabolic Response of Human Osteoarthritic Cartilage to Biochemically Characterized Collagen Hydrolysates. 28117674 4 42 theme marked 508:513 arg1 differences 515:525 marked differences 508:525 marked differences between CHs of fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin with respect to the total number of peptides and common peptides between them 508:688 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays revealed marked differences between CHs of fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin with respect to the total number of peptides and common peptides between them. 28117674 7 43 theme -13 1059:1061 arg1 levels 1063:1068 Interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -13 levels 998:1068 Interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -13 levels 998:1068 Interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -13 levels were elevated in explants that were treated with Mobiforte® and Peptan® F 5000, but not with Peptan® F 2000. 28117674 4 44 theme MALDI-TOF-MS 451:462 arg1 AFM 470:472 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays 434:497 AFM 470:472 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays revealed marked differences between CHs of fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin with respect to the total number of peptides and common peptides between them. 28117674 5 45 theme collagen 751:758 arg1 biosynthesis 760:771 collagen biosynthesis 751:771 collagen biosynthesis 751:771 Using a novel dual radiolabeling procedure, no CH modulated collagen biosynthesis in human knee cartilage explants. 28117674 1 46 theme joint 201:205 arg1 disease 207:213 a chronic joint disease 191:213 a chronic joint disease 191:213 The most frequent disease of the locomotor system is osteoarthritis (OA), which, as a chronic joint disease, might benefit more from nutrition than acute illnesses. 28117674 6 47 theme F 815:815 arg1 2000 817:820 Peptan® F 2000 807:820 Peptan® F 2000 807:820 Peptan® F 2000 enhanced the activities of the aggrecanase ADMATS4 and ADMATS5 in vitro without loss of proteoglycan from cartilage explants; the opposite effect was observed with Mobiforte®. 28117674 4 48 theme peptides 648:655 arg1 number 638:643 the total number 628:643 the total number of peptides and common peptides 628:675 Our biophysical (MALDI-TOF-MS, NMR, AFM) and fluorescence assays revealed marked differences between CHs of fish (Peptan® F 5000, Peptan® F 2000) and porcine (Mobiforte®) origin with respect to the total number of peptides and common peptides between them. 28117674 7 49 theme -3 1052:1053 arg1 levels 1063:1068 Interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -13 levels 998:1068 Interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -13 levels 998:1068 Interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -13 levels were elevated in explants that were treated with Mobiforte® and Peptan® F 5000, but not with Peptan® F 2000. 28117674 6 50 theme ADMATS5 877:883 arg1 activities 835:844 the activities 831:844 the activities of the aggrecanase ADMATS4 and ADMATS5 831:883 Peptan® F 2000 enhanced the activities of the aggrecanase ADMATS4 and ADMATS5 in vitro without loss of proteoglycan from cartilage explants; the opposite effect was observed with Mobiforte®. 28117674 7 51 theme metalloproteinase 1025:1041 arg1 levels 1063:1068 Interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -13 levels 998:1068 Interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -13 levels 998:1068 Interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -13 levels were elevated in explants that were treated with Mobiforte® and Peptan® F 5000, but not with Peptan® F 2000. 28117674 7 52 theme Peptan® 1163:1169 arg1 F 1171:1171 Peptan® F 2000 1163:1176 Peptan® F 2000 1163:1176 Interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -13 levels were elevated in explants that were treated with Mobiforte® and Peptan® F 5000, but not with Peptan® F 2000. 28117674 8 53 theme other 1352:1356 arg1 formulations 1358:1369 other formulations 1352:1369 other formulations 1352:1369 In conclusion, the heterogeneous peptide composition and disparate pharmacological effects between CHs suggest that the effect of a CH preparation cannot be extrapolated to other formulations. 28117674 8 54 theme preparation 1314:1324 arg1 effect 1299:1304 the effect 1295:1304 the effect of a CH preparation 1295:1324 In conclusion, the heterogeneous peptide composition and disparate pharmacological effects between CHs suggest that the effect of a CH preparation cannot be extrapolated to other formulations. 28117674 8 55 theme CH 1311:1312 arg1 preparation 1314:1324 a CH preparation 1309:1324 a CH preparation 1309:1324 In conclusion, the heterogeneous peptide composition and disparate pharmacological effects between CHs suggest that the effect of a CH preparation cannot be extrapolated to other formulations. 28117674 9 56 theme pleiotropic 1479:1489 arg1 effects 1491:1497 its pleiotropic effects 1475:1497 its pleiotropic effects 1475:1497 Thus, the declaration of a CH as a safe and effective nutraceutical requires a thorough examination of its pleiotropic effects. 28117674 1 57 theme locomotor 140:148 arg1 system 150:155 the locomotor system 136:155 the locomotor system 136:155 The most frequent disease of the locomotor system is osteoarthritis (OA), which, as a chronic joint disease, might benefit more from nutrition than acute illnesses. 28117674 8 58 theme disparate 1236:1244 arg1 effects 1262:1268 disparate pharmacological effects 1236:1268 disparate pharmacological effects 1236:1268 In conclusion, the heterogeneous peptide composition and disparate pharmacological effects between CHs suggest that the effect of a CH preparation cannot be extrapolated to other formulations. 28117674 1 59 theme system 150:155 arg1 osteoarthritis 160:173 osteoarthritis 160:173 osteoarthritis (OA) 160:178 The most frequent disease of the locomotor system is osteoarthritis (OA), which, as a chronic joint disease, might benefit more from nutrition than acute illnesses. 28117674 1 59 theme system 150:155 arg1 disease 125:131 The most frequent disease 107:131 The most frequent disease of the locomotor system 107:155 The most frequent disease of the locomotor system is osteoarthritis (OA), which, as a chronic joint disease, might benefit more from nutrition than acute illnesses. 28117674 2 60 theme peptidic 304:311 arg1 mixtures 313:320 peptidic mixtures 304:320 peptidic mixtures that are often used as nutraceuticals for OA 304:365 Collagen hydrolysates (CHs) are peptidic mixtures that are often used as nutraceuticals for OA. 28117674 2 60 theme peptidic 304:311 arg1 nutraceuticals 345:358 nutraceuticals 345:358 nutraceuticals for OA 345:365 Collagen hydrolysates (CHs) are peptidic mixtures that are often used as nutraceuticals for OA. 28117674 2 60 theme peptidic 304:311 arg1 hydrolysates 281:292 Collagen hydrolysates 272:292 Collagen hydrolysates (CHs) 272:298 Collagen hydrolysates (CHs) are peptidic mixtures that are often used as nutraceuticals for OA. 28117674 0 61 theme Collagen 84:91 arg1 Hydrolysates 93:104 Biochemically Characterized Collagen Hydrolysates 56:104 Biochemically Characterized Collagen Hydrolysates 56:104 Metabolic Response of Human Osteoarthritic Cartilage to Biochemically Characterized Collagen Hydrolysates. 28117674 5 62 theme cartilage 787:795 arg1 explants 797:804 human knee cartilage explants 776:804 human knee cartilage explants 776:804 Using a novel dual radiolabeling procedure, no CH modulated collagen biosynthesis in human knee cartilage explants. 28117674 6 63 theme opposite 952:959 arg1 effect 961:966 the opposite effect 948:966 the opposite effect 948:966 Peptan® F 2000 enhanced the activities of the aggrecanase ADMATS4 and ADMATS5 in vitro without loss of proteoglycan from cartilage explants; the opposite effect was observed with Mobiforte®. 28117674 0 64 theme Characterized 70:82 arg1 Hydrolysates 93:104 Biochemically Characterized Collagen Hydrolysates 56:104 Biochemically Characterized Collagen Hydrolysates 56:104 Metabolic Response of Human Osteoarthritic Cartilage to Biochemically Characterized Collagen Hydrolysates. 28117674 6 65 theme ADMATS4 865:871 arg1 activities 835:844 the activities 831:844 the activities of the aggrecanase ADMATS4 and ADMATS5 831:883 Peptan® F 2000 enhanced the activities of the aggrecanase ADMATS4 and ADMATS5 in vitro without loss of proteoglycan from cartilage explants; the opposite effect was observed with Mobiforte®. 28117674 6 66 theme proteoglycan 910:921 arg1 loss 902:905 loss 902:905 loss of proteoglycan from cartilage explants 902:945 Peptan® F 2000 enhanced the activities of the aggrecanase ADMATS4 and ADMATS5 in vitro without loss of proteoglycan from cartilage explants; the opposite effect was observed with Mobiforte®. 26969722 6 0 theme similar 1075:1081 arg1 velocities 1097:1106 similar bidirectional velocities 1075:1106 similar bidirectional velocities 1075:1106 Live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled CESA showed that the rate of movement of CESA particles was directionally asymmetric in etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants, while similar bidirectional velocities were observed with the wild-type control and S211E and T212A mutant lines. 26969722 3 1 theme primary 699:705 arg1 roots 707:711 primary roots 699:711 primary roots 699:711 By contrast, the S211E mutation stunted the growth of root hairs, but primary roots were not significantly affected. 26969722 3 2 theme hairs 688:692 arg1 growth 673:678 the growth 669:678 the growth of root hairs 669:692 By contrast, the S211E mutation stunted the growth of root hairs, but primary roots were not significantly affected. 26969722 1 3 theme complexes 457:465 arg1 mobility 440:447 microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility 404:447 microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes 404:465 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 26969722 1 3 theme complexes 457:465 arg1 regulation 313:322 the regulation 309:322 the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition 309:398 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 26969722 1 4 theme Arabidopsis 247:257 arg1 thaliana 272:279 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 247:280 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 247:280 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 26969722 8 5 theme anisotropic 1629:1639 arg1 expansion 1646:1654 anisotropic cell expansion 1629:1654 anisotropic cell expansion 1629:1654 These results suggest that microtubule-guided bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes is fine-tuned by phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212, which may, in turn, modulate cellulose synthesis and organization, resulting in or contributing to the observed defects of anisotropic cell expansion. 26969722 7 6 theme innermost 1225:1233 arg1 layer 1235:1239 the innermost layer 1221:1239 the innermost layer of cell wall 1221:1252 Analysis of cell wall composition and the innermost layer of cell wall suggests a role for phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212 in cellulose aggregation into fibrillar bundles. 26969722 1 7 theme Arabidopsis 260:270 arg1 thaliana 272:279 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 247:280 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 247:280 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 26969722 7 8 theme S211 1299:1302 arg1 phosphorylation 1274:1288 phosphorylation 1274:1288 phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212 1274:1311 Analysis of cell wall composition and the innermost layer of cell wall suggests a role for phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212 in cellulose aggregation into fibrillar bundles. 26969722 6 9 dep control 1141:1147 arg1 lines 1176:1180 mutant lines 1169:1180 mutant lines 1169:1180 Live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled CESA showed that the rate of movement of CESA particles was directionally asymmetric in etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants, while similar bidirectional velocities were observed with the wild-type control and S211E and T212A mutant lines. 26969722 6 10 from hypocotyls 1030:1039 arg1 rate 953:956 the rate 949:956 the rate of movement of CESA particles 949:986 Live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled CESA showed that the rate of movement of CESA particles was directionally asymmetric in etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants, while similar bidirectional velocities were observed with the wild-type control and S211E and T212A mutant lines. 26969722 6 10 from hypocotyls 1030:1039 arg1 asymmetric 1006:1015 asymmetric 1006:1015 asymmetric 1006:1015 Live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled CESA showed that the rate of movement of CESA particles was directionally asymmetric in etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants, while similar bidirectional velocities were observed with the wild-type control and S211E and T212A mutant lines. 26969722 2 11 theme roots 572:576 arg1 length 529:534 the length 525:534 the length of etiolated hypocotyls and primary roots 525:576 Mutation of S211 to Ala caused a significant decrease in the length of etiolated hypocotyls and primary roots, while root hairs were not significantly affected. 26969722 7 12 from role 1265:1268 arg1 aggregation 1326:1336 cellulose aggregation 1316:1336 cellulose aggregation into fibrillar bundles 1316:1359 Analysis of cell wall composition and the innermost layer of cell wall suggests a role for phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212 in cellulose aggregation into fibrillar bundles. 26969722 1 13 theme S211 207:210 arg1 status 197:202 phosphorylation status 181:202 phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase 181:299 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 26969722 1 14 dep component 234:242 arg1 synthase 292:299 cellulose synthase 282:299 the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase 224:299 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 26969722 1 15 theme T212 216:219 arg1 status 197:202 phosphorylation status 181:202 phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase 181:299 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 26969722 6 16 theme CESA 932:935 arg1 imaging 899:905 Live-cell imaging 889:905 Live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled CESA 889:935 Live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled CESA showed that the rate of movement of CESA particles was directionally asymmetric in etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants, while similar bidirectional velocities were observed with the wild-type control and S211E and T212A mutant lines. 26969722 2 17 from decrease 513:520 arg1 length 529:534 the length 525:534 the length of etiolated hypocotyls and primary roots 525:576 Mutation of S211 to Ala caused a significant decrease in the length of etiolated hypocotyls and primary roots, while root hairs were not significantly affected. 26969722 1 18 theme bidirectional 426:438 arg1 mobility 440:447 microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility 404:447 microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes 404:465 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 26969722 8 19 theme S211 1491:1494 arg1 phosphorylation 1466:1480 phosphorylation 1466:1480 phosphorylation 1466:1480 These results suggest that microtubule-guided bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes is fine-tuned by phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212, which may, in turn, modulate cellulose synthesis and organization, resulting in or contributing to the observed defects of anisotropic cell expansion. 26969722 7 20 theme cellulose 1316:1324 arg1 aggregation 1326:1336 cellulose aggregation 1316:1336 cellulose aggregation into fibrillar bundles 1316:1359 Analysis of cell wall composition and the innermost layer of cell wall suggests a role for phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212 in cellulose aggregation into fibrillar bundles. 26969722 1 21 theme anisotropic 327:337 arg1 expansion 344:352 anisotropic cell expansion 327:352 anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition 327:398 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 26969722 2 22 theme significant 501:511 arg1 decrease 513:520 a significant decrease 499:520 a significant decrease in the length of etiolated hypocotyls and primary roots 499:576 Mutation of S211 to Ala caused a significant decrease in the length of etiolated hypocotyls and primary roots, while root hairs were not significantly affected. 26969722 8 23 theme T212 1500:1503 arg1 phosphorylation 1466:1480 phosphorylation 1466:1480 phosphorylation 1466:1480 These results suggest that microtubule-guided bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes is fine-tuned by phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212, which may, in turn, modulate cellulose synthesis and organization, resulting in or contributing to the observed defects of anisotropic cell expansion. 26969722 0 24 theme Cellulose 77:85 arg1 Complexes 96:104 Cellulose Synthase Complexes 77:104 Cellulose Synthase Complexes 77:104 Anisotropic Cell Expansion Is Affected through the Bidirectional Mobility of Cellulose Synthase Complexes and Phosphorylation at Two Critical Residues on CESA3. 26969722 1 25 theme expansion 344:352 arg1 mobility 440:447 microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility 404:447 microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes 404:465 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 26969722 1 25 theme expansion 344:352 arg1 regulation 313:322 the regulation 309:322 the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition 309:398 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 26969722 4 26 from decrease 772:779 arg1 length 788:793 the length 784:793 the length of root hairs but not root length 784:827 Similarly, T212E caused a decrease in the length of root hairs but not root length. 26969722 4 26 from decrease 772:779 arg1 length 822:827 root length 817:827 the length of root hairs but not root length 784:827 Similarly, T212E caused a decrease in the length of root hairs but not root length. 26969722 5 27 theme hypocotyls 877:886 arg1 growth 857:862 the growth 853:862 the growth of etiolated hypocotyls 853:886 However, T212E stunted the growth of etiolated hypocotyls. 26969722 6 28 theme CESA 973:976 arg1 particles 978:986 CESA particles 973:986 CESA particles 973:986 Live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled CESA showed that the rate of movement of CESA particles was directionally asymmetric in etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants, while similar bidirectional velocities were observed with the wild-type control and S211E and T212A mutant lines. 26969722 2 29 theme etiolated 539:547 arg1 hypocotyls 549:558 etiolated hypocotyls 539:558 etiolated hypocotyls 539:558 Mutation of S211 to Ala caused a significant decrease in the length of etiolated hypocotyls and primary roots, while root hairs were not significantly affected. 26969722 0 30 theme Complexes 96:104 arg1 Mobility 65:72 the Bidirectional Mobility 47:72 the Bidirectional Mobility of Cellulose Synthase Complexes 47:104 Anisotropic Cell Expansion Is Affected through the Bidirectional Mobility of Cellulose Synthase Complexes and Phosphorylation at Two Critical Residues on CESA3. 26969722 0 30 theme Complexes 96:104 arg1 Phosphorylation 110:124 Phosphorylation 110:124 Phosphorylation at Two Critical Residues on CESA3 110:158 Anisotropic Cell Expansion Is Affected through the Bidirectional Mobility of Cellulose Synthase Complexes and Phosphorylation at Two Critical Residues on CESA3. 26969722 6 31 theme movement 961:968 arg1 asymmetric 1006:1015 asymmetric 1006:1015 asymmetric 1006:1015 Live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled CESA showed that the rate of movement of CESA particles was directionally asymmetric in etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants, while similar bidirectional velocities were observed with the wild-type control and S211E and T212A mutant lines. 26969722 6 31 theme movement 961:968 arg1 rate 953:956 the rate 949:956 the rate of movement of CESA particles 949:986 Live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled CESA showed that the rate of movement of CESA particles was directionally asymmetric in etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants, while similar bidirectional velocities were observed with the wild-type control and S211E and T212A mutant lines. 26969722 1 32 theme cellulose 365:373 arg1 synthesis 375:383 cellulose synthesis 365:383 cellulose synthesis 365:383 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 26969722 6 33 theme mutants 1060:1066 arg1 hypocotyls 1030:1039 etiolated hypocotyls 1020:1039 etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants 1020:1066 Live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled CESA showed that the rate of movement of CESA particles was directionally asymmetric in etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants, while similar bidirectional velocities were observed with the wild-type control and S211E and T212A mutant lines. 26969722 0 34 theme Anisotropic 0:10 arg1 Expansion 17:25 Anisotropic Cell Expansion 0:25 Anisotropic Cell Expansion 0:25 Anisotropic Cell Expansion Is Affected through the Bidirectional Mobility of Cellulose Synthase Complexes and Phosphorylation at Two Critical Residues on CESA3. 26969722 1 35 theme thaliana 272:279 arg1 component 234:242 the CESA3 component 224:242 the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase 224:299 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 26969722 7 36 dep wall 1200:1203 arg1 composition 1205:1215 composition 1205:1215 composition 1205:1215 Analysis of cell wall composition and the innermost layer of cell wall suggests a role for phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212 in cellulose aggregation into fibrillar bundles. 26969722 1 37 theme cellulose 282:290 arg1 synthase 292:299 cellulose synthase 282:299 the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase 224:299 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 26969722 7 38 theme CESA3 1293:1297 arg1 S211 1299:1302 CESA3 S211 1293:1302 CESA3 S211 1293:1302 Analysis of cell wall composition and the innermost layer of cell wall suggests a role for phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212 in cellulose aggregation into fibrillar bundles. 26969722 4 39 theme hairs 803:807 arg1 length 788:793 the length 784:793 the length of root hairs but not root length 784:827 Similarly, T212E caused a decrease in the length of root hairs but not root length. 26969722 6 40 theme etiolated 1020:1028 arg1 hypocotyls 1030:1039 etiolated hypocotyls 1020:1039 etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants 1020:1066 Live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled CESA showed that the rate of movement of CESA particles was directionally asymmetric in etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants, while similar bidirectional velocities were observed with the wild-type control and S211E and T212A mutant lines. 26969722 3 41 theme S211E 646:650 arg1 mutation 652:659 the S211E mutation 642:659 the S211E mutation 642:659 By contrast, the S211E mutation stunted the growth of root hairs, but primary roots were not significantly affected. 26969722 8 42 theme bidirectional 1408:1420 arg1 mobility 1422:1429 microtubule-guided bidirectional mobility 1389:1429 microtubule-guided bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes 1389:1447 These results suggest that microtubule-guided bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes is fine-tuned by phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212, which may, in turn, modulate cellulose synthesis and organization, resulting in or contributing to the observed defects of anisotropic cell expansion. 26969722 3 43 theme root 683:686 arg1 hairs 688:692 root hairs 683:692 root hairs 683:692 By contrast, the S211E mutation stunted the growth of root hairs, but primary roots were not significantly affected. 26969722 8 44 theme cell 1641:1644 arg1 expansion 1646:1654 anisotropic cell expansion 1629:1654 anisotropic cell expansion 1629:1654 These results suggest that microtubule-guided bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes is fine-tuned by phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212, which may, in turn, modulate cellulose synthesis and organization, resulting in or contributing to the observed defects of anisotropic cell expansion. 26969722 0 45 from Residues 142:149 arg1 Mobility 65:72 the Bidirectional Mobility 47:72 the Bidirectional Mobility of Cellulose Synthase Complexes 47:104 Anisotropic Cell Expansion Is Affected through the Bidirectional Mobility of Cellulose Synthase Complexes and Phosphorylation at Two Critical Residues on CESA3. 26969722 0 45 from Residues 142:149 arg1 Phosphorylation 110:124 Phosphorylation 110:124 Phosphorylation at Two Critical Residues on CESA3 110:158 Anisotropic Cell Expansion Is Affected through the Bidirectional Mobility of Cellulose Synthase Complexes and Phosphorylation at Two Critical Residues on CESA3. 26969722 0 45 from Residues 142:149 arg1 CESA3 154:158 CESA3 154:158 CESA3 154:158 Anisotropic Cell Expansion Is Affected through the Bidirectional Mobility of Cellulose Synthase Complexes and Phosphorylation at Two Critical Residues on CESA3. 26969722 8 46 theme complexes 1439:1447 arg1 mobility 1422:1429 microtubule-guided bidirectional mobility 1389:1429 microtubule-guided bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes 1389:1447 These results suggest that microtubule-guided bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes is fine-tuned by phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212, which may, in turn, modulate cellulose synthesis and organization, resulting in or contributing to the observed defects of anisotropic cell expansion. 26969722 1 47 theme CESA3 228:232 arg1 component 234:242 the CESA3 component 224:242 the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase 224:299 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 26969722 7 48 theme cell 1244:1247 arg1 wall 1249:1252 cell wall 1244:1252 cell wall 1244:1252 Analysis of cell wall composition and the innermost layer of cell wall suggests a role for phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212 in cellulose aggregation into fibrillar bundles. 26969722 7 49 theme wall 1200:1203 arg1 Analysis 1183:1190 Analysis 1183:1190 Analysis of cell wall composition and the innermost layer of cell wall 1183:1252 Analysis of cell wall composition and the innermost layer of cell wall suggests a role for phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212 in cellulose aggregation into fibrillar bundles. 26969722 6 50 theme Live-cell 889:897 arg1 imaging 899:905 Live-cell imaging 889:905 Live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled CESA 889:935 Live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled CESA showed that the rate of movement of CESA particles was directionally asymmetric in etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants, while similar bidirectional velocities were observed with the wild-type control and S211E and T212A mutant lines. 26969722 7 51 theme layer 1235:1239 arg1 Analysis 1183:1190 Analysis 1183:1190 Analysis of cell wall composition and the innermost layer of cell wall 1183:1252 Analysis of cell wall composition and the innermost layer of cell wall suggests a role for phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212 in cellulose aggregation into fibrillar bundles. 26969722 8 52 theme observed 1609:1616 arg1 defects 1618:1624 the observed defects 1605:1624 the observed defects of anisotropic cell expansion 1605:1654 These results suggest that microtubule-guided bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes is fine-tuned by phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212, which may, in turn, modulate cellulose synthesis and organization, resulting in or contributing to the observed defects of anisotropic cell expansion. 26969722 6 53 theme mutant 1169:1174 arg1 lines 1176:1180 mutant lines 1169:1180 mutant lines 1169:1180 Live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled CESA showed that the rate of movement of CESA particles was directionally asymmetric in etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants, while similar bidirectional velocities were observed with the wild-type control and S211E and T212A mutant lines. 26969722 4 54 theme root 817:820 arg1 length 822:827 root length 817:827 the length of root hairs but not root length 784:827 Similarly, T212E caused a decrease in the length of root hairs but not root length. 26969722 1 55 theme phosphorylation 181:195 arg1 status 197:202 phosphorylation status 181:202 phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase 181:299 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 26969722 0 56 theme Critical 133:140 arg1 Residues 142:149 Two Critical Residues 129:149 Two Critical Residues on CESA3 129:158 Anisotropic Cell Expansion Is Affected through the Bidirectional Mobility of Cellulose Synthase Complexes and Phosphorylation at Two Critical Residues on CESA3. 26969722 2 57 theme primary 564:570 arg1 roots 572:576 primary roots 564:576 primary roots 564:576 Mutation of S211 to Ala caused a significant decrease in the length of etiolated hypocotyls and primary roots, while root hairs were not significantly affected. 26969722 6 58 theme wild-type 1131:1139 arg1 control 1141:1147 the wild-type control 1127:1147 the wild-type control 1127:1147 Live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled CESA showed that the rate of movement of CESA particles was directionally asymmetric in etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants, while similar bidirectional velocities were observed with the wild-type control and S211E and T212A mutant lines. 26969722 2 59 theme hypocotyls 549:558 arg1 length 529:534 the length 525:534 the length of etiolated hypocotyls and primary roots 525:576 Mutation of S211 to Ala caused a significant decrease in the length of etiolated hypocotyls and primary roots, while root hairs were not significantly affected. 26969722 1 60 theme microtubule-dependent 404:424 arg1 mobility 440:447 microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility 404:447 microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes 404:465 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 26969722 6 61 theme labeled 924:930 arg1 CESA 932:935 fluorescently labeled CESA 910:935 fluorescently labeled CESA 910:935 Live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled CESA showed that the rate of movement of CESA particles was directionally asymmetric in etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants, while similar bidirectional velocities were observed with the wild-type control and S211E and T212A mutant lines. 26969722 2 62 theme root 585:588 arg1 hairs 590:594 root hairs 585:594 root hairs 585:594 Mutation of S211 to Ala caused a significant decrease in the length of etiolated hypocotyls and primary roots, while root hairs were not significantly affected. 26969722 8 63 theme CESA3 1485:1489 arg1 S211 1491:1494 CESA3 S211 1485:1494 CESA3 S211 1485:1494 These results suggest that microtubule-guided bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes is fine-tuned by phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212, which may, in turn, modulate cellulose synthesis and organization, resulting in or contributing to the observed defects of anisotropic cell expansion. 26969722 7 64 theme fibrillar 1343:1351 arg1 bundles 1353:1359 fibrillar bundles 1343:1359 fibrillar bundles 1343:1359 Analysis of cell wall composition and the innermost layer of cell wall suggests a role for phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212 in cellulose aggregation into fibrillar bundles. 26969722 1 65 theme CESA 452:455 arg1 complexes 457:465 CESA complexes 452:465 CESA complexes 452:465 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 26969722 7 66 theme cell 1195:1198 arg1 wall 1200:1203 cell wall composition and the innermost layer of cell wall 1195:1252 wall 1200:1203 Analysis of cell wall composition and the innermost layer of cell wall suggests a role for phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212 in cellulose aggregation into fibrillar bundles. 26969722 0 67 theme Synthase 87:94 arg1 Complexes 96:104 Cellulose Synthase Complexes 77:104 Cellulose Synthase Complexes 77:104 Anisotropic Cell Expansion Is Affected through the Bidirectional Mobility of Cellulose Synthase Complexes and Phosphorylation at Two Critical Residues on CESA3. 26969722 1 68 theme cell 339:342 arg1 expansion 344:352 anisotropic cell expansion 327:352 anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition 327:398 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 26969722 5 69 theme etiolated 867:875 arg1 hypocotyls 877:886 etiolated hypocotyls 867:886 etiolated hypocotyls 867:886 However, T212E stunted the growth of etiolated hypocotyls. 26969722 6 70 theme particles 978:986 arg1 movement 961:968 movement 961:968 movement of CESA particles 961:986 Live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled CESA showed that the rate of movement of CESA particles was directionally asymmetric in etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants, while similar bidirectional velocities were observed with the wild-type control and S211E and T212A mutant lines. 26969722 6 71 from asymmetric 1006:1015 arg1 hypocotyls 1030:1039 etiolated hypocotyls 1020:1039 etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants 1020:1066 Live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled CESA showed that the rate of movement of CESA particles was directionally asymmetric in etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants, while similar bidirectional velocities were observed with the wild-type control and S211E and T212A mutant lines. 26969722 7 72 theme T212 1308:1311 arg1 phosphorylation 1274:1288 phosphorylation 1274:1288 phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212 1274:1311 Analysis of cell wall composition and the innermost layer of cell wall suggests a role for phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212 in cellulose aggregation into fibrillar bundles. 26969722 0 73 theme Cell 12:15 arg1 Expansion 17:25 Anisotropic Cell Expansion 0:25 Anisotropic Cell Expansion 0:25 Anisotropic Cell Expansion Is Affected through the Bidirectional Mobility of Cellulose Synthase Complexes and Phosphorylation at Two Critical Residues on CESA3. 26969722 1 74 theme synthesis 375:383 arg1 mobility 440:447 microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility 404:447 microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes 404:465 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 26969722 1 74 theme synthesis 375:383 arg1 regulation 313:322 the regulation 309:322 the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition 309:398 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 26969722 6 75 theme T212E 1054:1058 arg1 mutants 1060:1066 T212E mutants 1054:1066 T212E mutants 1054:1066 Live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled CESA showed that the rate of movement of CESA particles was directionally asymmetric in etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants, while similar bidirectional velocities were observed with the wild-type control and S211E and T212A mutant lines. 26969722 8 76 theme cellulose 1535:1543 arg1 synthesis 1545:1553 cellulose synthesis 1535:1553 cellulose synthesis 1535:1553 These results suggest that microtubule-guided bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes is fine-tuned by phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212, which may, in turn, modulate cellulose synthesis and organization, resulting in or contributing to the observed defects of anisotropic cell expansion. 26969722 6 77 theme S211A 1044:1048 arg1 hypocotyls 1030:1039 etiolated hypocotyls 1020:1039 etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants 1020:1066 Live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled CESA showed that the rate of movement of CESA particles was directionally asymmetric in etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants, while similar bidirectional velocities were observed with the wild-type control and S211E and T212A mutant lines. 26969722 4 78 theme root 798:801 arg1 hairs 803:807 root hairs 798:807 root hairs 798:807 Similarly, T212E caused a decrease in the length of root hairs but not root length. 26969722 0 79 theme Bidirectional 51:63 arg1 Mobility 65:72 the Bidirectional Mobility 47:72 the Bidirectional Mobility of Cellulose Synthase Complexes 47:104 Anisotropic Cell Expansion Is Affected through the Bidirectional Mobility of Cellulose Synthase Complexes and Phosphorylation at Two Critical Residues on CESA3. 26969722 2 80 theme S211 480:483 arg1 Mutation 468:475 Mutation 468:475 Mutation of S211 to Ala 468:490 Mutation of S211 to Ala caused a significant decrease in the length of etiolated hypocotyls and primary roots, while root hairs were not significantly affected. 26969722 8 81 theme microtubule-guided 1389:1406 arg1 mobility 1422:1429 microtubule-guided bidirectional mobility 1389:1429 microtubule-guided bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes 1389:1447 These results suggest that microtubule-guided bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes is fine-tuned by phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212, which may, in turn, modulate cellulose synthesis and organization, resulting in or contributing to the observed defects of anisotropic cell expansion. 26969722 8 82 theme expansion 1646:1654 arg1 defects 1618:1624 the observed defects 1605:1624 the observed defects of anisotropic cell expansion 1605:1654 These results suggest that microtubule-guided bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes is fine-tuned by phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212, which may, in turn, modulate cellulose synthesis and organization, resulting in or contributing to the observed defects of anisotropic cell expansion. 26969722 7 83 theme wall 1249:1252 arg1 layer 1235:1239 the innermost layer 1221:1239 the innermost layer of cell wall 1221:1252 Analysis of cell wall composition and the innermost layer of cell wall suggests a role for phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212 in cellulose aggregation into fibrillar bundles. 26969722 7 83 theme wall 1249:1252 arg1 wall 1200:1203 cell wall composition and the innermost layer of cell wall 1195:1252 wall 1200:1203 Analysis of cell wall composition and the innermost layer of cell wall suggests a role for phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212 in cellulose aggregation into fibrillar bundles. 26969722 6 84 theme bidirectional 1083:1095 arg1 velocities 1097:1106 similar bidirectional velocities 1075:1106 similar bidirectional velocities 1075:1106 Live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled CESA showed that the rate of movement of CESA particles was directionally asymmetric in etiolated hypocotyls of S211A and T212E mutants, while similar bidirectional velocities were observed with the wild-type control and S211E and T212A mutant lines. 26969722 8 85 theme CESA 1434:1437 arg1 complexes 1439:1447 CESA complexes 1434:1447 CESA complexes 1434:1447 These results suggest that microtubule-guided bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes is fine-tuned by phosphorylation of CESA3 S211 and T212, which may, in turn, modulate cellulose synthesis and organization, resulting in or contributing to the observed defects of anisotropic cell expansion. 26969722 1 86 theme component 234:242 arg1 S211 207:210 S211 207:210 S211 207:210 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 26969722 1 86 theme component 234:242 arg1 T212 216:219 T212 216:219 T212 216:219 Here we report that phosphorylation status of S211 and T212 of the CESA3 component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cellulose synthase impacts the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion as well as cellulose synthesis and deposition and microtubule-dependent bidirectional mobility of CESA complexes. 24774964 5 0 dep decreased 1324:1332 arg1 P< 1335:1336 P< 1335:1336 P< 1335:1336 At the phylum level, when compared with the control group, LPS infusion in the tested cows linearly increased (P< 0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes, and linearly decreased (P< 0.05) the percentage of Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Spirochaetes, Chlorobi and Lentisphaerae. 24774964 1 1 theme lipopolysaccharide 333:350 arg1 weight 322:327 0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight 294:327 0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight 294:327 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 1 1 theme lipopolysaccharide 333:350 arg1 doses 287:291 three doses 281:291 three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) 281:382 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 2 2 theme volatile 569:576 arg1 acids 584:588 total volatile fatty acids 563:588 total volatile fatty acids 563:588 Ruminal pH was linearly decreased (P< 0.001) by LPS challenge, and the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids and amino N increased linearly (P< 0.001) according to the LPS dose. 24774964 3 3 theme monocarboxylic 851:864 arg1 transporter-1 871:883 Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1 833:883 Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1 833:883 LPS infusion linearly decreased (P< 0.001) the organic matter degradability of alfalfa hay and soyabean meal in the rumen, but did not affect (P>0.10) the gene expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1, -2 and -4. 24774964 3 3 theme monocarboxylic 851:864 arg1 -4 893:894 -4 893:894 -4 893:894 LPS infusion linearly decreased (P< 0.001) the organic matter degradability of alfalfa hay and soyabean meal in the rumen, but did not affect (P>0.10) the gene expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1, -2 and -4. 24774964 3 3 theme monocarboxylic 851:864 arg1 -2 886:887 -2 886:887 -2 886:887 LPS infusion linearly decreased (P< 0.001) the organic matter degradability of alfalfa hay and soyabean meal in the rumen, but did not affect (P>0.10) the gene expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1, -2 and -4. 24774964 1 4 theme square 242:247 arg1 design 249:254 a 3 × 3 Latin square design 228:254 a 3 × 3 Latin square design 228:254 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 2 5 theme acetate 532:538 arg1 concentrations 514:527 the concentrations 510:527 the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids and amino N 510:600 Ruminal pH was linearly decreased (P< 0.001) by LPS challenge, and the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids and amino N increased linearly (P< 0.001) according to the LPS dose. 24774964 3 6 theme Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase 833:845 arg1 transporter-1 871:883 Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1 833:883 Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1 833:883 LPS infusion linearly decreased (P< 0.001) the organic matter degradability of alfalfa hay and soyabean meal in the rumen, but did not affect (P>0.10) the gene expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1, -2 and -4. 24774964 3 6 theme Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase 833:845 arg1 -4 893:894 -4 893:894 -4 893:894 LPS infusion linearly decreased (P< 0.001) the organic matter degradability of alfalfa hay and soyabean meal in the rumen, but did not affect (P>0.10) the gene expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1, -2 and -4. 24774964 3 6 theme Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase 833:845 arg1 -2 886:887 -2 886:887 -2 886:887 LPS infusion linearly decreased (P< 0.001) the organic matter degradability of alfalfa hay and soyabean meal in the rumen, but did not affect (P>0.10) the gene expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1, -2 and -4. 24774964 4 7 theme UniFrac 957:963 arg1 values 965:970 unweighted UniFrac values 946:970 unweighted UniFrac values 946:970 A plot of principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values and analysis of molecular variance revealed that the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control was distinct from that of the ruminal microbiota in the cattle exposed to LPS. 24774964 3 8 theme transporter-1 871:883 arg1 P>0.10 802:807 P>0.10 802:807 P>0.10 802:807 LPS infusion linearly decreased (P< 0.001) the organic matter degradability of alfalfa hay and soyabean meal in the rumen, but did not affect (P>0.10) the gene expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1, -2 and -4. 24774964 3 8 theme transporter-1 871:883 arg1 expression 819:828 the gene expression 810:828 (P>0.10) the gene expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1, -2 and -4 801:894 LPS infusion linearly decreased (P< 0.001) the organic matter degradability of alfalfa hay and soyabean meal in the rumen, but did not affect (P>0.10) the gene expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1, -2 and -4. 24774964 4 9 theme analysis 928:935 arg1 plot 899:902 A plot 897:902 A plot of principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values and analysis of molecular variance 897:1005 A plot of principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values and analysis of molecular variance revealed that the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control was distinct from that of the ruminal microbiota in the cattle exposed to LPS. 24774964 0 10 from metabolism 98:107 arg1 cattle 118:123 dairy cattle 112:123 dairy cattle 112:123 Intravenous lipopolysaccharide challenge alters ruminal bacterial microbiota and disrupts ruminal metabolism in dairy cattle. 24774964 5 11 dep increased 1262:1270 arg1 P< 1273:1274 P< 1273:1274 P< 1273:1274 At the phylum level, when compared with the control group, LPS infusion in the tested cows linearly increased (P< 0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes, and linearly decreased (P< 0.05) the percentage of Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Spirochaetes, Chlorobi and Lentisphaerae. 24774964 2 12 theme amino 594:598 arg1 N 600:600 amino N 594:600 amino N 594:600 Ruminal pH was linearly decreased (P< 0.001) by LPS challenge, and the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids and amino N increased linearly (P< 0.001) according to the LPS dose. 24774964 1 13 theme present 133:139 arg1 study 141:145 the present study 129:145 the present study 129:145 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 3 14 theme matter 714:719 arg1 degradability 721:733 the organic matter degradability 702:733 the organic matter degradability of alfalfa hay and soyabean meal in the rumen 702:779 LPS infusion linearly decreased (P< 0.001) the organic matter degradability of alfalfa hay and soyabean meal in the rumen, but did not affect (P>0.10) the gene expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1, -2 and -4. 24774964 2 15 theme acids 584:588 arg1 concentrations 514:527 the concentrations 510:527 the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids and amino N 510:600 Ruminal pH was linearly decreased (P< 0.001) by LPS challenge, and the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids and amino N increased linearly (P< 0.001) according to the LPS dose. 24774964 3 16 theme LPS 659:661 arg1 infusion 663:670 LPS infusion 659:670 LPS infusion 659:670 LPS infusion linearly decreased (P< 0.001) the organic matter degradability of alfalfa hay and soyabean meal in the rumen, but did not affect (P>0.10) the gene expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1, -2 and -4. 24774964 1 17 theme primiparous 154:164 arg1 cows 185:188 three primiparous lactating Holstein cows 148:188 three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) 148:213 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 4 18 theme variance 998:1005 arg1 analysis 928:935 principal coordinate analysis 907:935 principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values 907:970 A plot of principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values and analysis of molecular variance revealed that the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control was distinct from that of the ruminal microbiota in the cattle exposed to LPS. 24774964 4 18 theme variance 998:1005 arg1 analysis 976:983 analysis 976:983 analysis of molecular variance 976:1005 A plot of principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values and analysis of molecular variance revealed that the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control was distinct from that of the ruminal microbiota in the cattle exposed to LPS. 24774964 1 19 theme Holstein 176:183 arg1 cows 185:188 three primiparous lactating Holstein cows 148:188 three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) 148:213 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 0 20 theme dairy 112:116 arg1 cattle 118:123 dairy cattle 112:123 dairy cattle 112:123 Intravenous lipopolysaccharide challenge alters ruminal bacterial microbiota and disrupts ruminal metabolism in dairy cattle. 24774964 1 21 theme μg/kg 311:315 arg1 weight 322:327 0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight 294:327 0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight 294:327 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 1 21 theme μg/kg 311:315 arg1 doses 287:291 three doses 281:291 three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) 281:382 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 3 22 theme soyabean 754:761 arg1 meal 763:766 soyabean meal 754:766 soyabean meal 754:766 LPS infusion linearly decreased (P< 0.001) the organic matter degradability of alfalfa hay and soyabean meal in the rumen, but did not affect (P>0.10) the gene expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1, -2 and -4. 24774964 4 23 theme ruminal 1038:1044 arg1 communities 1056:1066 ruminal bacterial communities 1038:1066 ruminal bacterial communities 1038:1066 A plot of principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values and analysis of molecular variance revealed that the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control was distinct from that of the ruminal microbiota in the cattle exposed to LPS. 24774964 5 24 theme phylum 1169:1174 arg1 level 1176:1180 the phylum level 1165:1180 the phylum level 1165:1180 At the phylum level, when compared with the control group, LPS infusion in the tested cows linearly increased (P< 0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes, and linearly decreased (P< 0.05) the percentage of Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Spirochaetes, Chlorobi and Lentisphaerae. 24774964 0 25 theme Intravenous 0:10 arg1 challenge 31:39 Intravenous lipopolysaccharide challenge 0:39 Intravenous lipopolysaccharide challenge 0:39 Intravenous lipopolysaccharide challenge alters ruminal bacterial microbiota and disrupts ruminal metabolism in dairy cattle. 24774964 7 26 theme general 1709:1715 arg1 decrease 1717:1724 a general decrease 1707:1724 a general decrease in fermentative activity 1707:1749 The present data suggest that systemic LPS could alter ruminal environment and ruminal microbiota composition, leading to a general decrease in fermentative activity. 24774964 4 27 theme communities 1056:1066 arg1 structure 1025:1033 the structure 1021:1033 the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control 1021:1081 A plot of principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values and analysis of molecular variance revealed that the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control was distinct from that of the ruminal microbiota in the cattle exposed to LPS. 24774964 4 27 theme communities 1056:1066 arg1 distinct 1087:1094 distinct 1087:1094 distinct 1087:1094 A plot of principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values and analysis of molecular variance revealed that the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control was distinct from that of the ruminal microbiota in the cattle exposed to LPS. 24774964 4 28 theme ruminal 1113:1119 arg1 microbiota 1121:1130 the ruminal microbiota 1109:1130 the ruminal microbiota 1109:1130 A plot of principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values and analysis of molecular variance revealed that the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control was distinct from that of the ruminal microbiota in the cattle exposed to LPS. 24774964 0 29 theme ruminal 48:54 arg1 microbiota 66:75 ruminal bacterial microbiota 48:75 ruminal bacterial microbiota 48:75 Intravenous lipopolysaccharide challenge alters ruminal bacterial microbiota and disrupts ruminal metabolism in dairy cattle. 24774964 4 30 from structure 1025:1033 arg1 control 1075:1081 the control 1071:1081 the control 1071:1081 A plot of principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values and analysis of molecular variance revealed that the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control was distinct from that of the ruminal microbiota in the cattle exposed to LPS. 24774964 5 31 theme Firmicutes 1299:1308 arg1 abundance 1286:1294 the abundance 1282:1294 the abundance of Firmicutes 1282:1308 At the phylum level, when compared with the control group, LPS infusion in the tested cows linearly increased (P< 0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes, and linearly decreased (P< 0.05) the percentage of Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Spirochaetes, Chlorobi and Lentisphaerae. 24774964 1 32 dep cows 185:188 arg1 d 199:199 260-285 d 191:199 260-285 d in lactation 191:212 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 7 33 theme microbiota 1672:1681 arg1 composition 1683:1693 ruminal microbiota composition 1664:1693 ruminal microbiota composition 1664:1693 The present data suggest that systemic LPS could alter ruminal environment and ruminal microbiota composition, leading to a general decrease in fermentative activity. 24774964 6 34 theme bacterial 1537:1545 arg1 microbiota 1547:1556 the ruminal bacterial microbiota and fermentation profiles 1525:1582 microbiota 1547:1556 To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that intravenously LPS challenge altered the ruminal bacterial microbiota and fermentation profiles. 24774964 4 35 from that 1101:1104 arg1 structure 1025:1033 the structure 1021:1033 the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control 1021:1081 A plot of principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values and analysis of molecular variance revealed that the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control was distinct from that of the ruminal microbiota in the cattle exposed to LPS. 24774964 4 35 from that 1101:1104 arg1 distinct 1087:1094 distinct 1087:1094 distinct 1087:1094 A plot of principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values and analysis of molecular variance revealed that the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control was distinct from that of the ruminal microbiota in the cattle exposed to LPS. 24774964 1 36 theme ruminal 421:427 arg1 fermentation 429:440 ruminal fermentation 421:440 ruminal fermentation 421:440 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 3 37 theme gene 814:817 arg1 P>0.10 802:807 P>0.10 802:807 P>0.10 802:807 LPS infusion linearly decreased (P< 0.001) the organic matter degradability of alfalfa hay and soyabean meal in the rumen, but did not affect (P>0.10) the gene expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1, -2 and -4. 24774964 3 37 theme gene 814:817 arg1 expression 819:828 the gene expression 810:828 (P>0.10) the gene expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1, -2 and -4 801:894 LPS infusion linearly decreased (P< 0.001) the organic matter degradability of alfalfa hay and soyabean meal in the rumen, but did not affect (P>0.10) the gene expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1, -2 and -4. 24774964 4 38 theme coordinate 917:926 arg1 analysis 928:935 principal coordinate analysis 907:935 principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values 907:970 A plot of principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values and analysis of molecular variance revealed that the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control was distinct from that of the ruminal microbiota in the cattle exposed to LPS. 24774964 7 39 theme present 1589:1595 arg1 data 1597:1600 The present data 1585:1600 The present data 1585:1600 The present data suggest that systemic LPS could alter ruminal environment and ruminal microbiota composition, leading to a general decrease in fermentative activity. 24774964 5 40 theme Tenericutes 1377:1387 arg1 percentage 1348:1357 the percentage 1344:1357 the percentage of Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Spirochaetes, Chlorobi and Lentisphaerae 1344:1429 At the phylum level, when compared with the control group, LPS infusion in the tested cows linearly increased (P< 0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes, and linearly decreased (P< 0.05) the percentage of Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Spirochaetes, Chlorobi and Lentisphaerae. 24774964 1 41 theme × 232:232 arg1 design 249:254 a 3 × 3 Latin square design 228:254 a 3 × 3 Latin square design 228:254 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 1 42 dep Escherichia 358:368 arg1 coli 370:373 coli 370:373 coli 370:373 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 1 43 from effects 270:276 arg1 changes 387:393 changes 387:393 changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation 387:440 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 5 44 theme tested 1241:1246 arg1 cows 1248:1251 the tested cows 1237:1251 the tested cows 1237:1251 At the phylum level, when compared with the control group, LPS infusion in the tested cows linearly increased (P< 0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes, and linearly decreased (P< 0.05) the percentage of Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Spirochaetes, Chlorobi and Lentisphaerae. 24774964 1 45 theme Latin 236:240 arg1 design 249:254 a 3 × 3 Latin square design 228:254 a 3 × 3 Latin square design 228:254 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 2 46 theme LPS 491:493 arg1 challenge 495:503 LPS challenge 491:503 LPS challenge 491:503 Ruminal pH was linearly decreased (P< 0.001) by LPS challenge, and the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids and amino N increased linearly (P< 0.001) according to the LPS dose. 24774964 1 47 dep LPS 353:355 arg1 B4 380:381 B4 380:381 B4 380:381 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 1 47 dep LPS 353:355 arg1 0111 375:378 Escherichia coli 0111 358:378 Escherichia coli 0111 358:378 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 1 48 from changes 387:393 arg1 microbiota 406:415 ruminal microbiota 398:415 ruminal microbiota 398:415 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 1 48 from changes 387:393 arg1 fermentation 429:440 ruminal fermentation 421:440 ruminal fermentation 421:440 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 2 49 dep decreased 467:475 arg1 P< 478:479 P< 478:479 P< 478:479 Ruminal pH was linearly decreased (P< 0.001) by LPS challenge, and the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids and amino N increased linearly (P< 0.001) according to the LPS dose. 24774964 4 50 theme analysis 976:983 arg1 plot 899:902 A plot 897:902 A plot of principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values and analysis of molecular variance 897:1005 A plot of principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values and analysis of molecular variance revealed that the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control was distinct from that of the ruminal microbiota in the cattle exposed to LPS. 24774964 5 51 theme Lentisphaerae 1417:1429 arg1 percentage 1348:1357 the percentage 1344:1357 the percentage of Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Spirochaetes, Chlorobi and Lentisphaerae 1344:1429 At the phylum level, when compared with the control group, LPS infusion in the tested cows linearly increased (P< 0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes, and linearly decreased (P< 0.05) the percentage of Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Spirochaetes, Chlorobi and Lentisphaerae. 24774964 5 52 theme LPS 1221:1223 arg1 infusion 1225:1232 LPS infusion 1221:1232 LPS infusion in the tested cows 1221:1251 At the phylum level, when compared with the control group, LPS infusion in the tested cows linearly increased (P< 0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes, and linearly decreased (P< 0.05) the percentage of Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Spirochaetes, Chlorobi and Lentisphaerae. 24774964 3 53 theme acid 866:869 arg1 transporter-1 871:883 Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1 833:883 Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1 833:883 LPS infusion linearly decreased (P< 0.001) the organic matter degradability of alfalfa hay and soyabean meal in the rumen, but did not affect (P>0.10) the gene expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1, -2 and -4. 24774964 3 53 theme acid 866:869 arg1 -4 893:894 -4 893:894 -4 893:894 LPS infusion linearly decreased (P< 0.001) the organic matter degradability of alfalfa hay and soyabean meal in the rumen, but did not affect (P>0.10) the gene expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1, -2 and -4. 24774964 3 53 theme acid 866:869 arg1 -2 886:887 -2 886:887 -2 886:887 LPS infusion linearly decreased (P< 0.001) the organic matter degradability of alfalfa hay and soyabean meal in the rumen, but did not affect (P>0.10) the gene expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1, -2 and -4. 24774964 7 54 from decrease 1717:1724 arg1 activity 1742:1749 fermentative activity 1729:1749 fermentative activity 1729:1749 The present data suggest that systemic LPS could alter ruminal environment and ruminal microbiota composition, leading to a general decrease in fermentative activity. 24774964 4 55 theme unweighted 946:955 arg1 values 965:970 unweighted UniFrac values 946:970 unweighted UniFrac values 946:970 A plot of principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values and analysis of molecular variance revealed that the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control was distinct from that of the ruminal microbiota in the cattle exposed to LPS. 24774964 5 56 theme Spirochaetes 1390:1401 arg1 percentage 1348:1357 the percentage 1344:1357 the percentage of Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Spirochaetes, Chlorobi and Lentisphaerae 1344:1429 At the phylum level, when compared with the control group, LPS infusion in the tested cows linearly increased (P< 0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes, and linearly decreased (P< 0.05) the percentage of Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Spirochaetes, Chlorobi and Lentisphaerae. 24774964 6 57 theme first 1462:1466 arg1 this 1450:1453 this 1450:1453 this 1450:1453 To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that intravenously LPS challenge altered the ruminal bacterial microbiota and fermentation profiles. 24774964 6 57 theme first 1462:1466 arg1 study 1468:1472 the first study 1458:1472 the first study to report that intravenously LPS challenge altered the ruminal bacterial microbiota and fermentation profiles 1458:1582 To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that intravenously LPS challenge altered the ruminal bacterial microbiota and fermentation profiles. 24774964 2 58 theme N 600:600 arg1 concentrations 514:527 the concentrations 510:527 the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids and amino N 510:600 Ruminal pH was linearly decreased (P< 0.001) by LPS challenge, and the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids and amino N increased linearly (P< 0.001) according to the LPS dose. 24774964 5 59 theme Chlorobi 1404:1411 arg1 percentage 1348:1357 the percentage 1344:1357 the percentage of Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Spirochaetes, Chlorobi and Lentisphaerae 1344:1429 At the phylum level, when compared with the control group, LPS infusion in the tested cows linearly increased (P< 0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes, and linearly decreased (P< 0.05) the percentage of Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Spirochaetes, Chlorobi and Lentisphaerae. 24774964 3 60 dep decreased 681:689 arg1 P< 692:693 P< 692:693 P< 692:693 LPS infusion linearly decreased (P< 0.001) the organic matter degradability of alfalfa hay and soyabean meal in the rumen, but did not affect (P>0.10) the gene expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1, -2 and -4. 24774964 4 61 theme molecular 988:996 arg1 variance 998:1005 molecular variance 988:1005 molecular variance 988:1005 A plot of principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values and analysis of molecular variance revealed that the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control was distinct from that of the ruminal microbiota in the cattle exposed to LPS. 24774964 0 62 theme ruminal 90:96 arg1 metabolism 98:107 ruminal metabolism 90:107 ruminal metabolism in dairy cattle 90:123 Intravenous lipopolysaccharide challenge alters ruminal bacterial microbiota and disrupts ruminal metabolism in dairy cattle. 24774964 1 63 theme Escherichia 358:368 arg1 0111 375:378 Escherichia coli 0111 358:378 Escherichia coli 0111 358:378 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 1 64 from d 199:199 arg1 lactation 204:212 lactation 204:212 lactation 204:212 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 3 65 theme organic 706:712 arg1 degradability 721:733 the organic matter degradability 702:733 the organic matter degradability of alfalfa hay and soyabean meal in the rumen 702:779 LPS infusion linearly decreased (P< 0.001) the organic matter degradability of alfalfa hay and soyabean meal in the rumen, but did not affect (P>0.10) the gene expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and monocarboxylic acid transporter-1, -2 and -4. 24774964 6 66 theme ruminal 1529:1535 arg1 microbiota 1547:1556 the ruminal bacterial microbiota and fermentation profiles 1525:1582 microbiota 1547:1556 To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that intravenously LPS challenge altered the ruminal bacterial microbiota and fermentation profiles. 24774964 1 67 theme lactating 166:174 arg1 cows 185:188 three primiparous lactating Holstein cows 148:188 three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) 148:213 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 2 68 theme butyrate 553:560 arg1 concentrations 514:527 the concentrations 510:527 the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids and amino N 510:600 Ruminal pH was linearly decreased (P< 0.001) by LPS challenge, and the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids and amino N increased linearly (P< 0.001) according to the LPS dose. 24774964 7 69 theme fermentative 1729:1740 arg1 activity 1742:1749 fermentative activity 1729:1749 fermentative activity 1729:1749 The present data suggest that systemic LPS could alter ruminal environment and ruminal microbiota composition, leading to a general decrease in fermentative activity. 24774964 4 70 from distinct 1087:1094 arg1 cattle 1139:1144 the cattle 1135:1144 the cattle exposed to LPS 1135:1159 A plot of principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values and analysis of molecular variance revealed that the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control was distinct from that of the ruminal microbiota in the cattle exposed to LPS. 24774964 2 71 theme Ruminal 443:449 arg1 pH 451:452 Ruminal pH 443:452 Ruminal pH 443:452 Ruminal pH was linearly decreased (P< 0.001) by LPS challenge, and the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids and amino N increased linearly (P< 0.001) according to the LPS dose. 24774964 6 72 theme LPS 1503:1505 arg1 challenge 1507:1515 intravenously LPS challenge 1489:1515 intravenously LPS challenge 1489:1515 To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that intravenously LPS challenge altered the ruminal bacterial microbiota and fermentation profiles. 24774964 2 73 theme propionate 541:550 arg1 concentrations 514:527 the concentrations 510:527 the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids and amino N 510:600 Ruminal pH was linearly decreased (P< 0.001) by LPS challenge, and the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids and amino N increased linearly (P< 0.001) according to the LPS dose. 24774964 2 74 theme LPS 649:651 arg1 dose 653:656 the LPS dose 645:656 the LPS dose 645:656 Ruminal pH was linearly decreased (P< 0.001) by LPS challenge, and the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids and amino N increased linearly (P< 0.001) according to the LPS dose. 24774964 2 75 dep increased 602:610 arg1 P< 622:623 P< 622:623 P< 622:623 Ruminal pH was linearly decreased (P< 0.001) by LPS challenge, and the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids and amino N increased linearly (P< 0.001) according to the LPS dose. 24774964 2 76 theme fatty 578:582 arg1 acids 584:588 total volatile fatty acids 563:588 total volatile fatty acids 563:588 Ruminal pH was linearly decreased (P< 0.001) by LPS challenge, and the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids and amino N increased linearly (P< 0.001) according to the LPS dose. 24774964 0 77 theme lipopolysaccharide 12:29 arg1 challenge 31:39 Intravenous lipopolysaccharide challenge 0:39 Intravenous lipopolysaccharide challenge 0:39 Intravenous lipopolysaccharide challenge alters ruminal bacterial microbiota and disrupts ruminal metabolism in dairy cattle. 24774964 1 78 theme body 317:320 arg1 weight 322:327 0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight 294:327 0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight 294:327 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 1 78 theme body 317:320 arg1 doses 287:291 three doses 281:291 three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) 281:382 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 4 79 from cattle 1139:1144 arg1 structure 1025:1033 the structure 1021:1033 the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control 1021:1081 A plot of principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values and analysis of molecular variance revealed that the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control was distinct from that of the ruminal microbiota in the cattle exposed to LPS. 24774964 4 79 from cattle 1139:1144 arg1 distinct 1087:1094 distinct 1087:1094 distinct 1087:1094 A plot of principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values and analysis of molecular variance revealed that the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control was distinct from that of the ruminal microbiota in the cattle exposed to LPS. 24774964 2 80 theme total 563:567 arg1 acids 584:588 total volatile fatty acids 563:588 total volatile fatty acids 563:588 Ruminal pH was linearly decreased (P< 0.001) by LPS challenge, and the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids and amino N increased linearly (P< 0.001) according to the LPS dose. 24774964 0 81 theme bacterial 56:64 arg1 microbiota 66:75 ruminal bacterial microbiota 48:75 ruminal bacterial microbiota 48:75 Intravenous lipopolysaccharide challenge alters ruminal bacterial microbiota and disrupts ruminal metabolism in dairy cattle. 24774964 6 82 theme fermentation 1562:1573 arg1 profiles 1575:1582 the ruminal bacterial microbiota and fermentation profiles 1525:1582 profiles 1575:1582 To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that intravenously LPS challenge altered the ruminal bacterial microbiota and fermentation profiles. 24774964 1 83 theme ruminal 398:404 arg1 microbiota 406:415 ruminal microbiota 398:415 ruminal microbiota 398:415 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 7 84 theme ruminal 1664:1670 arg1 composition 1683:1693 ruminal microbiota composition 1664:1693 ruminal microbiota composition 1664:1693 The present data suggest that systemic LPS could alter ruminal environment and ruminal microbiota composition, leading to a general decrease in fermentative activity. 24774964 7 85 theme ruminal 1640:1646 arg1 environment 1648:1658 ruminal environment 1640:1658 ruminal environment 1640:1658 The present data suggest that systemic LPS could alter ruminal environment and ruminal microbiota composition, leading to a general decrease in fermentative activity. 24774964 5 86 from infusion 1225:1232 arg1 cows 1248:1251 the tested cows 1237:1251 the tested cows 1237:1251 At the phylum level, when compared with the control group, LPS infusion in the tested cows linearly increased (P< 0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes, and linearly decreased (P< 0.05) the percentage of Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Spirochaetes, Chlorobi and Lentisphaerae. 24774964 5 87 theme control 1206:1212 arg1 group 1214:1218 the control group 1202:1218 the control group 1202:1218 At the phylum level, when compared with the control group, LPS infusion in the tested cows linearly increased (P< 0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes, and linearly decreased (P< 0.05) the percentage of Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Spirochaetes, Chlorobi and Lentisphaerae. 24774964 1 88 theme doses 287:291 arg1 effects 270:276 the effects 266:276 the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation 266:440 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 4 89 theme bacterial 1046:1054 arg1 communities 1056:1066 ruminal bacterial communities 1038:1066 ruminal bacterial communities 1038:1066 A plot of principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values and analysis of molecular variance revealed that the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control was distinct from that of the ruminal microbiota in the cattle exposed to LPS. 24774964 1 90 used used 220:223 arg2 cows 185:188 three primiparous lactating Holstein cows 148:188 three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) 148:213 In the present study, three primiparous lactating Holstein cows (260-285 d in lactation) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to assess the effects of three doses (0.0, 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4) on changes in ruminal microbiota and ruminal fermentation. 24774964 7 91 theme systemic 1615:1622 arg1 LPS 1624:1626 systemic LPS 1615:1626 systemic LPS 1615:1626 The present data suggest that systemic LPS could alter ruminal environment and ruminal microbiota composition, leading to a general decrease in fermentative activity. 24774964 4 92 theme principal 907:915 arg1 analysis 928:935 principal coordinate analysis 907:935 principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values 907:970 A plot of principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac values and analysis of molecular variance revealed that the structure of ruminal bacterial communities in the control was distinct from that of the ruminal microbiota in the cattle exposed to LPS. 27768910 13 0 theme drugs 1870:1874 arg1 problems 1849:1856 the dissolution and permeability problems 1816:1856 the dissolution and permeability problems of class IV drugs 1816:1874 The study thus introduced a versatile easily formulated solid self dispersing system with high potential for solving the dissolution and permeability problems of class IV drugs. 27768910 7 1 theme scanning 890:897 arg1 calorimetry 899:909 Differential scanning calorimetry 877:909 Differential scanning calorimetry 877:909 Differential scanning calorimetry provided an evidence for existence of hydrochlorothiazide as molecular dispersion in the MMFS. 27768910 11 2 theme hydrochlorothiazide 1373:1391 arg1 absorption 1359:1368 The intestinal absorption 1344:1368 The intestinal absorption of hydrochlorothiazide from its aqueous solution and polymer incorporating mixed micellar systems 1344:1466 The intestinal absorption of hydrochlorothiazide from its aqueous solution and polymer incorporating mixed micellar systems was monitored using in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique. 27768910 2 3 theme oral 327:330 arg1 form 339:342 stable oral dosage form 320:342 stable oral dosage form 320:342 However, their fluid nature limited the stability of the loaded drug and hindered the development of stable oral dosage form. 27768910 12 4 theme mixed 1676:1680 arg1 system 1691:1696 mixed micellar system 1676:1696 mixed micellar system 1676:1696 The permeability results showed a clear trend for enhanced membrane transport of the drug after being incorporated into poloxamer containing mixed micellar system. 27768910 8 5 theme based 1053:1057 arg1 MMFS 1059:1062 PEG 4000 or poloxamer based MMFS 1031:1062 MMFS 1059:1062 Dispersing polymer free, PEG 4000 or poloxamer based MMFS in aqueous medium produced micelles having size values of 119, 52.6 and 28nm, respectively. 27768910 13 6 theme class 1861:1865 arg1 drugs 1870:1874 class IV drugs 1861:1874 class IV drugs 1861:1874 The study thus introduced a versatile easily formulated solid self dispersing system with high potential for solving the dissolution and permeability problems of class IV drugs. 27768910 13 7 with system 1777:1782 arg1 potential 1794:1802 high potential 1789:1802 high potential 1789:1802 The study thus introduced a versatile easily formulated solid self dispersing system with high potential for solving the dissolution and permeability problems of class IV drugs. 27768910 11 8 dep in 1488:1489 arg1 situ 1491:1494 situ 1491:1494 situ 1491:1494 The intestinal absorption of hydrochlorothiazide from its aqueous solution and polymer incorporating mixed micellar systems was monitored using in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique. 27768910 5 9 theme containing 715:724 arg1 matrices 759:766 homogenous matrices 748:766 homogenous matrices 748:766 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS were prepared as homogenous matrices or as solid self dispersing powder. 27768910 5 9 theme containing 715:724 arg1 MMFS 726:729 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS 676:729 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS 676:729 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS were prepared as homogenous matrices or as solid self dispersing powder. 27768910 5 9 theme containing 715:724 arg1 powder 796:801 solid self dispersing powder 774:801 solid self dispersing powder 774:801 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS were prepared as homogenous matrices or as solid self dispersing powder. 27768910 2 10 theme loaded 276:281 arg1 drug 283:286 the loaded drug 272:286 the loaded drug 272:286 However, their fluid nature limited the stability of the loaded drug and hindered the development of stable oral dosage form. 27768910 5 11 theme self 780:783 arg1 MMFS 726:729 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS 676:729 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS 676:729 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS were prepared as homogenous matrices or as solid self dispersing powder. 27768910 5 11 theme self 780:783 arg1 powder 796:801 solid self dispersing powder 774:801 solid self dispersing powder 774:801 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS were prepared as homogenous matrices or as solid self dispersing powder. 27768910 4 12 theme Pseudoternary 523:535 arg1 diagrams 543:550 Pseudoternary phase diagrams 523:550 Pseudoternary phase diagrams 523:550 Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed using sodium cholate, lecithin with either poloxamer 407 or PEG 4000 to determine the composition of MMFS. 27768910 10 13 theme dispersing 1274:1283 arg1 MMFS 1285:1288 solid self dispersing MMFS 1263:1288 solid self dispersing MMFS 1263:1288 Preparation of solid self dispersing MMFS enhanced the dissolution rate of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 0 14 theme intestinal 76:85 arg1 permeability 87:98 intestinal permeability 76:98 intestinal permeability 76:98 Self dispersing mixed micelles forming systems for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 12 15 theme enhanced 1585:1592 arg1 transport 1603:1611 enhanced membrane transport 1585:1611 enhanced membrane transport of the drug 1585:1623 The permeability results showed a clear trend for enhanced membrane transport of the drug after being incorporated into poloxamer containing mixed micellar system. 27768910 10 16 theme solid 1263:1267 arg1 MMFS 1285:1288 solid self dispersing MMFS 1263:1288 solid self dispersing MMFS 1263:1288 Preparation of solid self dispersing MMFS enhanced the dissolution rate of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 10 17 theme hydrochlorothiazide 1323:1341 arg1 rate 1315:1318 the dissolution rate 1299:1318 the dissolution rate of hydrochlorothiazide 1299:1341 Preparation of solid self dispersing MMFS enhanced the dissolution rate of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 13 18 theme solid 1755:1759 arg1 system 1777:1782 a versatile easily formulated solid self dispersing system 1725:1782 a versatile easily formulated solid self dispersing system with high potential for solving the dissolution and permeability problems of class IV drugs 1725:1874 The study thus introduced a versatile easily formulated solid self dispersing system with high potential for solving the dissolution and permeability problems of class IV drugs. 27768910 10 19 theme dissolution 1303:1313 arg1 rate 1315:1318 the dissolution rate 1299:1318 the dissolution rate of hydrochlorothiazide 1299:1341 Preparation of solid self dispersing MMFS enhanced the dissolution rate of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 3 20 theme self 393:396 arg1 MMFS 440:443 MMFS 440:443 MMFS 440:443 Accordingly, the objective was to develop solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems (MMFS) for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 3 20 theme self 393:396 arg1 systems 431:437 solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems 387:437 solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems (MMFS) for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide 387:520 Accordingly, the objective was to develop solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems (MMFS) for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 13 21 theme dispersing 1766:1775 arg1 system 1777:1782 a versatile easily formulated solid self dispersing system 1725:1782 a versatile easily formulated solid self dispersing system with high potential for solving the dissolution and permeability problems of class IV drugs 1725:1874 The study thus introduced a versatile easily formulated solid self dispersing system with high potential for solving the dissolution and permeability problems of class IV drugs. 27768910 11 22 theme in 1488:1489 arg1 technique 1524:1532 in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique 1488:1532 in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique 1488:1532 The intestinal absorption of hydrochlorothiazide from its aqueous solution and polymer incorporating mixed micellar systems was monitored using in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique. 27768910 8 23 theme size 1107:1110 arg1 values 1112:1117 size values 1107:1117 size values of 119, 52.6 and 28nm, respectively 1107:1153 Dispersing polymer free, PEG 4000 or poloxamer based MMFS in aqueous medium produced micelles having size values of 119, 52.6 and 28nm, respectively. 27768910 7 24 theme molecular 972:980 arg1 dispersion 982:991 molecular dispersion 972:991 molecular dispersion in the MMFS 972:1003 Differential scanning calorimetry provided an evidence for existence of hydrochlorothiazide as molecular dispersion in the MMFS. 27768910 6 25 from adsorption 831:840 arg1 mixture 868:874 avicel-aerosil mixture 853:874 avicel-aerosil mixture 853:874 The later was developed by adsorption of MMFS on avicel-aerosil mixture. 27768910 0 26 theme mixed 16:20 arg1 micelles 22:29 mixed micelles 16:29 mixed micelles forming systems for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide 16:121 Self dispersing mixed micelles forming systems for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 12 27 theme clear 1569:1573 arg1 trend 1575:1579 a clear trend 1567:1579 a clear trend for enhanced membrane transport of the drug 1567:1623 The permeability results showed a clear trend for enhanced membrane transport of the drug after being incorporated into poloxamer containing mixed micellar system. 27768910 1 28 theme Mixed 124:128 arg1 micelles 130:137 Mixed micelles 124:137 Mixed micelles 124:137 Mixed micelles provide promising strategy for enhancing dissolution and permeability of drugs. 27768910 3 29 theme forming 423:429 arg1 MMFS 440:443 MMFS 440:443 MMFS 440:443 Accordingly, the objective was to develop solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems (MMFS) for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 3 29 theme forming 423:429 arg1 systems 431:437 solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems 387:437 solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems (MMFS) for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide 387:520 Accordingly, the objective was to develop solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems (MMFS) for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 11 30 theme perfusion 1514:1522 arg1 technique 1524:1532 in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique 1488:1532 in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique 1488:1532 The intestinal absorption of hydrochlorothiazide from its aqueous solution and polymer incorporating mixed micellar systems was monitored using in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique. 27768910 3 31 theme enhanced 450:457 arg1 dissolution 459:469 enhanced dissolution 450:469 enhanced dissolution 450:469 Accordingly, the objective was to develop solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems (MMFS) for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 3 32 theme mixed 409:413 arg1 MMFS 440:443 MMFS 440:443 MMFS 440:443 Accordingly, the objective was to develop solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems (MMFS) for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 3 32 theme mixed 409:413 arg1 systems 431:437 solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems 387:437 solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems (MMFS) for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide 387:520 Accordingly, the objective was to develop solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems (MMFS) for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 12 33 contain containing 1665:1674 arg1 poloxamer 1655:1663 poloxamer 1655:1663 poloxamer containing mixed micellar system 1655:1696 The permeability results showed a clear trend for enhanced membrane transport of the drug after being incorporated into poloxamer containing mixed micellar system. 27768910 12 33 contain containing 1665:1674 arg2 system 1691:1696 mixed micellar system 1676:1696 mixed micellar system 1676:1696 The permeability results showed a clear trend for enhanced membrane transport of the drug after being incorporated into poloxamer containing mixed micellar system. 27768910 3 34 theme hydrochlorothiazide 502:520 arg1 dissolution 459:469 enhanced dissolution 450:469 enhanced dissolution 450:469 Accordingly, the objective was to develop solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems (MMFS) for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 3 34 theme hydrochlorothiazide 502:520 arg1 permeability 486:497 intestinal permeability 475:497 intestinal permeability 475:497 Accordingly, the objective was to develop solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems (MMFS) for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 12 35 theme permeability 1539:1550 arg1 results 1552:1558 The permeability results 1535:1558 The permeability results 1535:1558 The permeability results showed a clear trend for enhanced membrane transport of the drug after being incorporated into poloxamer containing mixed micellar system. 27768910 8 36 from PEG 1031:1033 arg1 medium 1075:1080 aqueous medium 1067:1080 aqueous medium 1067:1080 Dispersing polymer free, PEG 4000 or poloxamer based MMFS in aqueous medium produced micelles having size values of 119, 52.6 and 28nm, respectively. 27768910 4 37 theme sodium 575:580 arg1 lecithin 591:598 lecithin 591:598 lecithin 591:598 Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed using sodium cholate, lecithin with either poloxamer 407 or PEG 4000 to determine the composition of MMFS. 27768910 4 37 theme sodium 575:580 arg1 cholate 582:588 sodium cholate 575:588 sodium cholate 575:588 Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed using sodium cholate, lecithin with either poloxamer 407 or PEG 4000 to determine the composition of MMFS. 27768910 9 38 theme potential 1165:1173 arg1 -61.8 1187:1191 -61.8 1187:1191 -61.8 1187:1191 The zeta potential values were -61.8, -59.5 and -19.5mV for the same systems, respectively. 27768910 9 38 theme potential 1165:1173 arg1 values 1175:1180 The zeta potential values 1156:1180 The zeta potential values 1156:1180 The zeta potential values were -61.8, -59.5 and -19.5mV for the same systems, respectively. 27768910 13 39 theme IV 1867:1868 arg1 drugs 1870:1874 class IV drugs 1861:1874 class IV drugs 1861:1874 The study thus introduced a versatile easily formulated solid self dispersing system with high potential for solving the dissolution and permeability problems of class IV drugs. 27768910 5 40 theme free 689:692 arg1 matrices 759:766 homogenous matrices 748:766 homogenous matrices 748:766 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS were prepared as homogenous matrices or as solid self dispersing powder. 27768910 5 40 theme free 689:692 arg1 MMFS 726:729 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS 676:729 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS 676:729 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS were prepared as homogenous matrices or as solid self dispersing powder. 27768910 5 40 theme free 689:692 arg1 powder 796:801 solid self dispersing powder 774:801 solid self dispersing powder 774:801 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS were prepared as homogenous matrices or as solid self dispersing powder. 27768910 2 41 theme dosage 332:337 arg1 form 339:342 stable oral dosage form 320:342 stable oral dosage form 320:342 However, their fluid nature limited the stability of the loaded drug and hindered the development of stable oral dosage form. 27768910 11 42 theme micellar 1451:1458 arg1 systems 1460:1466 mixed micellar systems 1445:1466 mixed micellar systems 1445:1466 The intestinal absorption of hydrochlorothiazide from its aqueous solution and polymer incorporating mixed micellar systems was monitored using in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique. 27768910 8 43 theme poloxamer 1043:1051 arg1 MMFS 1059:1062 PEG 4000 or poloxamer based MMFS 1031:1062 MMFS 1059:1062 Dispersing polymer free, PEG 4000 or poloxamer based MMFS in aqueous medium produced micelles having size values of 119, 52.6 and 28nm, respectively. 27768910 13 44 theme permeability 1836:1847 arg1 problems 1849:1856 the dissolution and permeability problems 1816:1856 the dissolution and permeability problems of class IV drugs 1816:1874 The study thus introduced a versatile easily formulated solid self dispersing system with high potential for solving the dissolution and permeability problems of class IV drugs. 27768910 9 45 theme same 1220:1223 arg1 systems 1225:1231 the same systems 1216:1231 the same systems 1216:1231 The zeta potential values were -61.8, -59.5 and -19.5mV for the same systems, respectively. 27768910 4 46 with cholate 582:588 arg1 poloxamer 612:620 poloxamer 407 612:624 poloxamer 407 612:624 Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed using sodium cholate, lecithin with either poloxamer 407 or PEG 4000 to determine the composition of MMFS. 27768910 4 46 with cholate 582:588 arg1 PEG 629:631 PEG 4000 629:636 PEG 4000 629:636 Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed using sodium cholate, lecithin with either poloxamer 407 or PEG 4000 to determine the composition of MMFS. 27768910 7 47 theme Differential 877:888 arg1 calorimetry 899:909 Differential scanning calorimetry 877:909 Differential scanning calorimetry 877:909 Differential scanning calorimetry provided an evidence for existence of hydrochlorothiazide as molecular dispersion in the MMFS. 27768910 1 48 theme drugs 212:216 arg1 permeability 196:207 permeability 196:207 permeability 196:207 Mixed micelles provide promising strategy for enhancing dissolution and permeability of drugs. 27768910 1 48 theme drugs 212:216 arg1 dissolution 180:190 dissolution 180:190 dissolution 180:190 Mixed micelles provide promising strategy for enhancing dissolution and permeability of drugs. 27768910 12 49 theme micellar 1682:1689 arg1 system 1691:1696 mixed micellar system 1676:1696 mixed micellar system 1676:1696 The permeability results showed a clear trend for enhanced membrane transport of the drug after being incorporated into poloxamer containing mixed micellar system. 27768910 11 50 theme intestinal 1348:1357 arg1 absorption 1359:1368 The intestinal absorption 1344:1368 The intestinal absorption of hydrochlorothiazide from its aqueous solution and polymer incorporating mixed micellar systems 1344:1466 The intestinal absorption of hydrochlorothiazide from its aqueous solution and polymer incorporating mixed micellar systems was monitored using in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique. 27768910 2 51 theme stable 320:325 arg1 form 339:342 stable oral dosage form 320:342 stable oral dosage form 320:342 However, their fluid nature limited the stability of the loaded drug and hindered the development of stable oral dosage form. 27768910 11 52 theme aqueous 1402:1408 arg1 solution 1410:1417 its aqueous solution 1398:1417 its aqueous solution 1398:1417 The intestinal absorption of hydrochlorothiazide from its aqueous solution and polymer incorporating mixed micellar systems was monitored using in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique. 27768910 4 53 theme MMFS 670:673 arg1 composition 655:665 the composition 651:665 the composition of MMFS 651:673 Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed using sodium cholate, lecithin with either poloxamer 407 or PEG 4000 to determine the composition of MMFS. 27768910 13 54 theme dissolution 1820:1830 arg1 problems 1849:1856 the dissolution and permeability problems 1816:1856 the dissolution and permeability problems of class IV drugs 1816:1874 The study thus introduced a versatile easily formulated solid self dispersing system with high potential for solving the dissolution and permeability problems of class IV drugs. 27768910 5 55 theme homogenous 748:757 arg1 matrices 759:766 homogenous matrices 748:766 homogenous matrices 748:766 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS were prepared as homogenous matrices or as solid self dispersing powder. 27768910 5 55 theme homogenous 748:757 arg1 MMFS 726:729 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS 676:729 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS 676:729 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS were prepared as homogenous matrices or as solid self dispersing powder. 27768910 5 56 theme poloxamer 698:706 arg1 matrices 759:766 homogenous matrices 748:766 homogenous matrices 748:766 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS were prepared as homogenous matrices or as solid self dispersing powder. 27768910 5 56 theme poloxamer 698:706 arg1 MMFS 726:729 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS 676:729 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS 676:729 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS were prepared as homogenous matrices or as solid self dispersing powder. 27768910 5 56 theme poloxamer 698:706 arg1 powder 796:801 solid self dispersing powder 774:801 solid self dispersing powder 774:801 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS were prepared as homogenous matrices or as solid self dispersing powder. 27768910 7 57 from dispersion 982:991 arg1 MMFS 1000:1003 the MMFS 996:1003 the MMFS 996:1003 Differential scanning calorimetry provided an evidence for existence of hydrochlorothiazide as molecular dispersion in the MMFS. 27768910 11 58 from polymer 1423:1429 arg1 absorption 1359:1368 The intestinal absorption 1344:1368 The intestinal absorption of hydrochlorothiazide from its aqueous solution and polymer incorporating mixed micellar systems 1344:1466 The intestinal absorption of hydrochlorothiazide from its aqueous solution and polymer incorporating mixed micellar systems was monitored using in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique. 27768910 2 59 theme drug 283:286 arg1 stability 259:267 the stability 255:267 the stability of the loaded drug 255:286 However, their fluid nature limited the stability of the loaded drug and hindered the development of stable oral dosage form. 27768910 1 60 theme promising 147:155 arg1 strategy 157:164 promising strategy 147:164 promising strategy for enhancing dissolution and permeability of drugs 147:216 Mixed micelles provide promising strategy for enhancing dissolution and permeability of drugs. 27768910 12 61 theme drug 1620:1623 arg1 transport 1603:1611 enhanced membrane transport 1585:1611 enhanced membrane transport of the drug 1585:1623 The permeability results showed a clear trend for enhanced membrane transport of the drug after being incorporated into poloxamer containing mixed micellar system. 27768910 5 62 theme solid 774:778 arg1 MMFS 726:729 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS 676:729 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS 676:729 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS were prepared as homogenous matrices or as solid self dispersing powder. 27768910 5 62 theme solid 774:778 arg1 powder 796:801 solid self dispersing powder 774:801 solid self dispersing powder 774:801 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS were prepared as homogenous matrices or as solid self dispersing powder. 27768910 4 63 theme phase 537:541 arg1 diagrams 543:550 Pseudoternary phase diagrams 523:550 Pseudoternary phase diagrams 523:550 Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed using sodium cholate, lecithin with either poloxamer 407 or PEG 4000 to determine the composition of MMFS. 27768910 10 64 theme MMFS 1285:1288 arg1 Preparation 1248:1258 Preparation 1248:1258 Preparation of solid self dispersing MMFS 1248:1288 Preparation of solid self dispersing MMFS enhanced the dissolution rate of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 5 65 theme dispersing 785:794 arg1 MMFS 726:729 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS 676:729 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS 676:729 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS were prepared as homogenous matrices or as solid self dispersing powder. 27768910 5 65 theme dispersing 785:794 arg1 powder 796:801 solid self dispersing powder 774:801 solid self dispersing powder 774:801 Both polymer free and poloxamer or PEG containing MMFS were prepared as homogenous matrices or as solid self dispersing powder. 27768910 8 66 theme aqueous 1067:1073 arg1 medium 1075:1080 aqueous medium 1067:1080 aqueous medium 1067:1080 Dispersing polymer free, PEG 4000 or poloxamer based MMFS in aqueous medium produced micelles having size values of 119, 52.6 and 28nm, respectively. 27768910 12 67 theme membrane 1594:1601 arg1 transport 1603:1611 enhanced membrane transport 1585:1611 enhanced membrane transport of the drug 1585:1623 The permeability results showed a clear trend for enhanced membrane transport of the drug after being incorporated into poloxamer containing mixed micellar system. 27768910 13 68 theme high 1789:1792 arg1 potential 1794:1802 high potential 1789:1802 high potential 1789:1802 The study thus introduced a versatile easily formulated solid self dispersing system with high potential for solving the dissolution and permeability problems of class IV drugs. 27768910 10 69 theme self 1269:1272 arg1 MMFS 1285:1288 solid self dispersing MMFS 1263:1288 solid self dispersing MMFS 1263:1288 Preparation of solid self dispersing MMFS enhanced the dissolution rate of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 0 70 theme hydrochlorothiazide 103:121 arg1 dissolution 60:70 enhanced dissolution 51:70 enhanced dissolution 51:70 Self dispersing mixed micelles forming systems for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 0 70 theme hydrochlorothiazide 103:121 arg1 permeability 87:98 intestinal permeability 76:98 intestinal permeability 76:98 Self dispersing mixed micelles forming systems for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 11 71 from solution 1410:1417 arg1 absorption 1359:1368 The intestinal absorption 1344:1368 The intestinal absorption of hydrochlorothiazide from its aqueous solution and polymer incorporating mixed micellar systems 1344:1466 The intestinal absorption of hydrochlorothiazide from its aqueous solution and polymer incorporating mixed micellar systems was monitored using in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique. 27768910 13 72 theme self 1761:1764 arg1 system 1777:1782 a versatile easily formulated solid self dispersing system 1725:1782 a versatile easily formulated solid self dispersing system with high potential for solving the dissolution and permeability problems of class IV drugs 1725:1874 The study thus introduced a versatile easily formulated solid self dispersing system with high potential for solving the dissolution and permeability problems of class IV drugs. 27768910 3 73 theme dispersing 398:407 arg1 MMFS 440:443 MMFS 440:443 MMFS 440:443 Accordingly, the objective was to develop solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems (MMFS) for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 3 73 theme dispersing 398:407 arg1 systems 431:437 solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems 387:437 solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems (MMFS) for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide 387:520 Accordingly, the objective was to develop solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems (MMFS) for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 8 74 contain having 1100:1105 arg2 values 1112:1117 size values 1107:1117 size values of 119, 52.6 and 28nm, respectively 1107:1153 Dispersing polymer free, PEG 4000 or poloxamer based MMFS in aqueous medium produced micelles having size values of 119, 52.6 and 28nm, respectively. 27768910 8 74 contain having 1100:1105 arg1 micelles 1091:1098 micelles 1091:1098 micelles having size values of 119, 52.6 and 28nm, respectively 1091:1153 Dispersing polymer free, PEG 4000 or poloxamer based MMFS in aqueous medium produced micelles having size values of 119, 52.6 and 28nm, respectively. 27768910 8 75 theme 119 1122:1124 arg1 values 1112:1117 size values 1107:1117 size values of 119, 52.6 and 28nm, respectively 1107:1153 Dispersing polymer free, PEG 4000 or poloxamer based MMFS in aqueous medium produced micelles having size values of 119, 52.6 and 28nm, respectively. 27768910 3 76 theme solid 387:391 arg1 MMFS 440:443 MMFS 440:443 MMFS 440:443 Accordingly, the objective was to develop solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems (MMFS) for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 3 76 theme solid 387:391 arg1 systems 431:437 solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems 387:437 solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems (MMFS) for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide 387:520 Accordingly, the objective was to develop solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems (MMFS) for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 13 77 theme versatile 1727:1735 arg1 system 1777:1782 a versatile easily formulated solid self dispersing system 1725:1782 a versatile easily formulated solid self dispersing system with high potential for solving the dissolution and permeability problems of class IV drugs 1725:1874 The study thus introduced a versatile easily formulated solid self dispersing system with high potential for solving the dissolution and permeability problems of class IV drugs. 27768910 11 78 theme intestinal 1503:1512 arg1 technique 1524:1532 in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique 1488:1532 in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique 1488:1532 The intestinal absorption of hydrochlorothiazide from its aqueous solution and polymer incorporating mixed micellar systems was monitored using in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique. 27768910 3 79 theme intestinal 475:484 arg1 permeability 486:497 intestinal permeability 475:497 intestinal permeability 475:497 Accordingly, the objective was to develop solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems (MMFS) for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 11 80 theme rabbit 1496:1501 arg1 technique 1524:1532 in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique 1488:1532 in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique 1488:1532 The intestinal absorption of hydrochlorothiazide from its aqueous solution and polymer incorporating mixed micellar systems was monitored using in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique. 27768910 8 81 theme 52.6 1127:1130 arg1 values 1112:1117 size values 1107:1117 size values of 119, 52.6 and 28nm, respectively 1107:1153 Dispersing polymer free, PEG 4000 or poloxamer based MMFS in aqueous medium produced micelles having size values of 119, 52.6 and 28nm, respectively. 27768910 13 82 theme formulated 1744:1753 arg1 system 1777:1782 a versatile easily formulated solid self dispersing system 1725:1782 a versatile easily formulated solid self dispersing system with high potential for solving the dissolution and permeability problems of class IV drugs 1725:1874 The study thus introduced a versatile easily formulated solid self dispersing system with high potential for solving the dissolution and permeability problems of class IV drugs. 27768910 0 83 theme enhanced 51:58 arg1 dissolution 60:70 enhanced dissolution 51:70 enhanced dissolution 51:70 Self dispersing mixed micelles forming systems for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 8 84 theme 28nm 1136:1139 arg1 values 1112:1117 size values 1107:1117 size values of 119, 52.6 and 28nm, respectively 1107:1153 Dispersing polymer free, PEG 4000 or poloxamer based MMFS in aqueous medium produced micelles having size values of 119, 52.6 and 28nm, respectively. 27768910 3 85 theme micelle 415:421 arg1 MMFS 440:443 MMFS 440:443 MMFS 440:443 Accordingly, the objective was to develop solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems (MMFS) for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 3 85 theme micelle 415:421 arg1 systems 431:437 solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems 387:437 solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems (MMFS) for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide 387:520 Accordingly, the objective was to develop solid self dispersing mixed micelle forming systems (MMFS) for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide. 27768910 2 86 theme fluid 234:238 arg1 nature 240:245 their fluid nature 228:245 their fluid nature 228:245 However, their fluid nature limited the stability of the loaded drug and hindered the development of stable oral dosage form. 27768910 9 87 theme zeta 1160:1163 arg1 -61.8 1187:1191 -61.8 1187:1191 -61.8 1187:1191 The zeta potential values were -61.8, -59.5 and -19.5mV for the same systems, respectively. 27768910 9 87 theme zeta 1160:1163 arg1 values 1175:1180 The zeta potential values 1156:1180 The zeta potential values 1156:1180 The zeta potential values were -61.8, -59.5 and -19.5mV for the same systems, respectively. 27768910 7 88 theme hydrochlorothiazide 949:967 arg1 existence 936:944 existence 936:944 existence of hydrochlorothiazide as molecular dispersion in the MMFS 936:1003 Differential scanning calorimetry provided an evidence for existence of hydrochlorothiazide as molecular dispersion in the MMFS. 27768910 6 89 theme avicel-aerosil 853:866 arg1 mixture 868:874 avicel-aerosil mixture 853:874 avicel-aerosil mixture 853:874 The later was developed by adsorption of MMFS on avicel-aerosil mixture. 27768910 2 90 theme form 339:342 arg1 development 305:315 the development 301:315 the development of stable oral dosage form 301:342 However, their fluid nature limited the stability of the loaded drug and hindered the development of stable oral dosage form. 27768910 6 91 theme MMFS 845:848 arg1 adsorption 831:840 adsorption 831:840 adsorption of MMFS on avicel-aerosil mixture 831:874 The later was developed by adsorption of MMFS on avicel-aerosil mixture. 27768910 8 92 from MMFS 1059:1062 arg1 medium 1075:1080 aqueous medium 1067:1080 aqueous medium 1067:1080 Dispersing polymer free, PEG 4000 or poloxamer based MMFS in aqueous medium produced micelles having size values of 119, 52.6 and 28nm, respectively. 27768910 11 93 theme mixed 1445:1449 arg1 systems 1460:1466 mixed micellar systems 1445:1466 mixed micellar systems 1445:1466 The intestinal absorption of hydrochlorothiazide from its aqueous solution and polymer incorporating mixed micellar systems was monitored using in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique. 27524240 8 0 theme close 1151:1155 arg1 connection 1157:1166 a close connection 1149:1166 a close connection with cell responses to both plasma membrane stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress 1149:1250 Taken together, our data suggested that lipid homeostasis has a close connection with cell responses to both plasma membrane stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. 27524240 6 1 theme chitin 728:733 arg1 contents 735:742 increased chitin contents 718:742 increased chitin contents 718:742 The cell wall stress caused by increased chitin contents could not be attenuated by up-regulation of phospholipids synthesis-related genes in spt23Δ. 27524240 1 2 theme many 158:161 arg1 processes 168:176 many cell processes 158:176 many cell processes 158:176 Maintaining cellular lipid composition is essential for many cell processes. 27524240 8 3 theme lipid 1127:1131 arg1 homeostasis 1133:1143 lipid homeostasis 1127:1143 lipid homeostasis 1127:1143 Taken together, our data suggested that lipid homeostasis has a close connection with cell responses to both plasma membrane stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. 27524240 1 4 theme cell 163:166 arg1 processes 168:176 many cell processes 158:176 many cell processes 158:176 Maintaining cellular lipid composition is essential for many cell processes. 27524240 7 5 theme response 902:909 arg1 genes 917:921 unfolded protein response (UPR) genes 885:921 unfolded protein response (UPR) genes 885:921 Besides, lipid saturation induced expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation followed by activation of the cellular antioxidant system, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions. 27524240 4 6 theme lipid 441:445 arg1 saturation 447:456 lipid saturation 441:456 lipid saturation caused by SPT23 deletion 441:481 In the present study, we found that lipid saturation caused by SPT23 deletion exhibited a growth defect under ethanol stress and increased chitin contents. 27524240 3 7 theme SPT23 360:364 arg1 Disruption 346:355 Disruption 346:355 Disruption of SPT23 346:364 Disruption of SPT23 results in increased lipid saturation. 27524240 8 8 with connection 1157:1166 arg1 responses 1178:1186 cell responses 1173:1186 cell responses 1173:1186 Taken together, our data suggested that lipid homeostasis has a close connection with cell responses to both plasma membrane stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. 27524240 7 9 theme species 943:949 arg1 accumulation 957:968 reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation 927:968 reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation followed by activation of the cellular antioxidant system, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions 927:1084 Besides, lipid saturation induced expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation followed by activation of the cellular antioxidant system, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions. 27524240 0 10 theme Pichia 85:90 arg1 pastoris 92:99 Pichia pastoris 85:99 Pichia pastoris 85:99 Lipid homeostasis is involved in plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Pichia pastoris. 27524240 4 11 theme SPT23 468:472 arg1 deletion 474:481 SPT23 deletion 468:481 SPT23 deletion 468:481 In the present study, we found that lipid saturation caused by SPT23 deletion exhibited a growth defect under ethanol stress and increased chitin contents. 27524240 5 12 theme ethanol 678:684 arg1 presence 666:673 the presence 662:673 the presence of ethanol 662:684 Ergosterol synthesis-related genes were up-regulated to protect cells from plasma membrane damage in the presence of ethanol. 27524240 4 13 theme present 412:418 arg1 study 420:424 the present study 408:424 the present study 408:424 In the present study, we found that lipid saturation caused by SPT23 deletion exhibited a growth defect under ethanol stress and increased chitin contents. 27524240 2 14 theme responsible 283:293 arg1 genes 339:343 the cell and responsible for the regulation of fatty acid desaturase genes 270:343 genes 339:343 Our previous study has demonstrated that Spt23 is an important transcription factor within the cell and responsible for the regulation of fatty acid desaturase genes. 27524240 6 15 theme increased 718:726 arg1 contents 735:742 increased chitin contents 718:742 increased chitin contents 718:742 The cell wall stress caused by increased chitin contents could not be attenuated by up-regulation of phospholipids synthesis-related genes in spt23Δ. 27524240 0 16 from membrane 40:47 arg1 pastoris 92:99 Pichia pastoris 85:99 Pichia pastoris 85:99 Lipid homeostasis is involved in plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Pichia pastoris. 27524240 5 17 theme plasma 636:641 arg1 damage 652:657 plasma membrane damage 636:657 plasma membrane damage 636:657 Ergosterol synthesis-related genes were up-regulated to protect cells from plasma membrane damage in the presence of ethanol. 27524240 7 18 theme protein 894:900 arg1 genes 917:921 unfolded protein response (UPR) genes 885:921 unfolded protein response (UPR) genes 885:921 Besides, lipid saturation induced expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation followed by activation of the cellular antioxidant system, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions. 27524240 5 19 theme membrane 643:650 arg1 damage 652:657 plasma membrane damage 636:657 plasma membrane damage 636:657 Ergosterol synthesis-related genes were up-regulated to protect cells from plasma membrane damage in the presence of ethanol. 27524240 5 20 theme synthesis-related 572:588 arg1 genes 590:594 Ergosterol synthesis-related genes 561:594 Ergosterol synthesis-related genes 561:594 Ergosterol synthesis-related genes were up-regulated to protect cells from plasma membrane damage in the presence of ethanol. 27524240 8 21 theme plasma 1196:1201 arg1 stress 1212:1217 plasma membrane stress 1196:1217 plasma membrane stress 1196:1217 Taken together, our data suggested that lipid homeostasis has a close connection with cell responses to both plasma membrane stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. 27524240 3 22 theme lipid 387:391 arg1 saturation 393:402 increased lipid saturation 377:402 increased lipid saturation 377:402 Disruption of SPT23 results in increased lipid saturation. 27524240 6 23 theme synthesis-related 802:818 arg1 genes 820:824 phospholipids synthesis-related genes 788:824 phospholipids synthesis-related genes 788:824 The cell wall stress caused by increased chitin contents could not be attenuated by up-regulation of phospholipids synthesis-related genes in spt23Δ. 27524240 2 24 theme fatty 317:321 arg1 acid 323:326 fatty acid 317:326 fatty acid 317:326 Our previous study has demonstrated that Spt23 is an important transcription factor within the cell and responsible for the regulation of fatty acid desaturase genes. 27524240 0 25 theme Lipid 0:4 arg1 homeostasis 6:16 Lipid homeostasis 0:16 Lipid homeostasis 0:16 Lipid homeostasis is involved in plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Pichia pastoris. 27524240 6 26 theme phospholipids 788:800 arg1 genes 820:824 phospholipids synthesis-related genes 788:824 phospholipids synthesis-related genes 788:824 The cell wall stress caused by increased chitin contents could not be attenuated by up-regulation of phospholipids synthesis-related genes in spt23Δ. 27524240 6 27 theme wall 696:699 arg1 stress 701:706 The cell wall stress 687:706 The cell wall stress caused by increased chitin contents 687:742 The cell wall stress caused by increased chitin contents could not be attenuated by up-regulation of phospholipids synthesis-related genes in spt23Δ. 27524240 4 28 theme chitin 544:549 arg1 contents 551:558 increased chitin contents 534:558 increased chitin contents 534:558 In the present study, we found that lipid saturation caused by SPT23 deletion exhibited a growth defect under ethanol stress and increased chitin contents. 27524240 8 29 theme reticulum 1235:1243 arg1 stress 1245:1250 endoplasmic reticulum stress 1223:1250 endoplasmic reticulum stress 1223:1250 Taken together, our data suggested that lipid homeostasis has a close connection with cell responses to both plasma membrane stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. 27524240 6 30 theme cell 691:694 arg1 stress 701:706 The cell wall stress 687:706 The cell wall stress caused by increased chitin contents 687:742 The cell wall stress caused by increased chitin contents could not be attenuated by up-regulation of phospholipids synthesis-related genes in spt23Δ. 27524240 3 31 theme increased 377:385 arg1 saturation 393:402 increased lipid saturation 377:402 increased lipid saturation 377:402 Disruption of SPT23 results in increased lipid saturation. 27524240 2 32 theme previous 183:190 arg1 study 192:196 Our previous study 179:196 Our previous study 179:196 Our previous study has demonstrated that Spt23 is an important transcription factor within the cell and responsible for the regulation of fatty acid desaturase genes. 27524240 0 33 theme plasma 33:38 arg1 membrane 40:47 plasma membrane 33:47 plasma membrane 33:47 Lipid homeostasis is involved in plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Pichia pastoris. 27524240 8 34 contain has 1145:1147 arg1 homeostasis 1133:1143 lipid homeostasis 1127:1143 lipid homeostasis 1127:1143 Taken together, our data suggested that lipid homeostasis has a close connection with cell responses to both plasma membrane stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. 27524240 8 34 contain has 1145:1147 arg2 connection 1157:1166 a close connection 1149:1166 a close connection with cell responses to both plasma membrane stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress 1149:1250 Taken together, our data suggested that lipid homeostasis has a close connection with cell responses to both plasma membrane stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. 27524240 0 35 from stress 75:80 arg1 pastoris 92:99 Pichia pastoris 85:99 Pichia pastoris 85:99 Lipid homeostasis is involved in plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Pichia pastoris. 27524240 2 36 theme important 232:240 arg1 factor 256:261 an important transcription factor 229:261 an important transcription factor within the cell and responsible for the regulation of fatty acid desaturase genes 229:343 Our previous study has demonstrated that Spt23 is an important transcription factor within the cell and responsible for the regulation of fatty acid desaturase genes. 27524240 2 36 theme important 232:240 arg1 Spt23 220:224 Spt23 220:224 Spt23 220:224 Our previous study has demonstrated that Spt23 is an important transcription factor within the cell and responsible for the regulation of fatty acid desaturase genes. 27524240 7 37 theme lipid 846:850 arg1 saturation 852:861 lipid saturation 846:861 lipid saturation 846:861 Besides, lipid saturation induced expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation followed by activation of the cellular antioxidant system, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions. 27524240 8 38 theme endoplasmic 1223:1233 arg1 reticulum 1235:1243 endoplasmic reticulum 1223:1243 endoplasmic reticulum stress 1223:1250 Taken together, our data suggested that lipid homeostasis has a close connection with cell responses to both plasma membrane stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. 27524240 7 39 theme unfolded 885:892 arg1 genes 917:921 unfolded protein response (UPR) genes 885:921 unfolded protein response (UPR) genes 885:921 Besides, lipid saturation induced expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation followed by activation of the cellular antioxidant system, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions. 27524240 4 40 theme ethanol 515:521 arg1 stress 523:528 ethanol stress 515:528 ethanol stress 515:528 In the present study, we found that lipid saturation caused by SPT23 deletion exhibited a growth defect under ethanol stress and increased chitin contents. 27524240 7 41 theme endoplasmic 1054:1064 arg1 reticulum 1066:1074 endoplasmic reticulum 1054:1074 endoplasmic reticulum functions 1054:1084 Besides, lipid saturation induced expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation followed by activation of the cellular antioxidant system, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions. 27524240 1 42 theme cellular 114:121 arg1 composition 129:139 cellular lipid composition 114:139 cellular lipid composition 114:139 Maintaining cellular lipid composition is essential for many cell processes. 27524240 4 43 theme increased 534:542 arg1 contents 551:558 increased chitin contents 534:558 increased chitin contents 534:558 In the present study, we found that lipid saturation caused by SPT23 deletion exhibited a growth defect under ethanol stress and increased chitin contents. 27524240 7 44 theme reticulum 1066:1074 arg1 functions 1076:1084 endoplasmic reticulum functions 1054:1084 endoplasmic reticulum functions 1054:1084 Besides, lipid saturation induced expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation followed by activation of the cellular antioxidant system, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions. 27524240 7 45 theme system 1021:1026 arg1 activation 982:991 activation 982:991 activation of the cellular antioxidant system, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions 982:1084 Besides, lipid saturation induced expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation followed by activation of the cellular antioxidant system, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions. 27524240 1 46 theme lipid 123:127 arg1 composition 129:139 cellular lipid composition 114:139 cellular lipid composition 114:139 Maintaining cellular lipid composition is essential for many cell processes. 27524240 7 47 theme reactive 927:934 arg1 ROS 952:954 ROS 952:954 ROS 952:954 Besides, lipid saturation induced expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation followed by activation of the cellular antioxidant system, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions. 27524240 7 47 theme reactive 927:934 arg1 species 943:949 reactive oxygen species 927:949 reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation followed by activation of the cellular antioxidant system, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions 927:1084 Besides, lipid saturation induced expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation followed by activation of the cellular antioxidant system, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions. 27524240 6 48 theme genes 820:824 arg1 up-regulation 771:783 up-regulation 771:783 up-regulation of phospholipids synthesis-related genes in spt23Δ 771:834 The cell wall stress caused by increased chitin contents could not be attenuated by up-regulation of phospholipids synthesis-related genes in spt23Δ. 27524240 5 49 theme Ergosterol 561:570 arg1 genes 590:594 Ergosterol synthesis-related genes 561:594 Ergosterol synthesis-related genes 561:594 Ergosterol synthesis-related genes were up-regulated to protect cells from plasma membrane damage in the presence of ethanol. 27524240 2 50 theme desaturase 328:337 arg1 genes 339:343 the cell and responsible for the regulation of fatty acid desaturase genes 270:343 genes 339:343 Our previous study has demonstrated that Spt23 is an important transcription factor within the cell and responsible for the regulation of fatty acid desaturase genes. 27524240 7 51 theme oxygen 936:941 arg1 ROS 952:954 ROS 952:954 ROS 952:954 Besides, lipid saturation induced expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation followed by activation of the cellular antioxidant system, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions. 27524240 7 51 theme oxygen 936:941 arg1 species 943:949 reactive oxygen species 927:949 reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation followed by activation of the cellular antioxidant system, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions 927:1084 Besides, lipid saturation induced expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation followed by activation of the cellular antioxidant system, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions. 27524240 7 52 theme cellular 1000:1007 arg1 system 1021:1026 the cellular antioxidant system 996:1026 the cellular antioxidant system 996:1026 Besides, lipid saturation induced expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation followed by activation of the cellular antioxidant system, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions. 27524240 2 53 theme acid 323:326 arg1 regulation 303:312 the regulation 299:312 the regulation of fatty acid 299:326 Our previous study has demonstrated that Spt23 is an important transcription factor within the cell and responsible for the regulation of fatty acid desaturase genes. 27524240 7 54 theme genes 917:921 arg1 accumulation 957:968 reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation 927:968 reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation followed by activation of the cellular antioxidant system, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions 927:1084 Besides, lipid saturation induced expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation followed by activation of the cellular antioxidant system, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions. 27524240 7 54 theme genes 917:921 arg1 expression 871:880 expression 871:880 expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes 871:921 Besides, lipid saturation induced expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation followed by activation of the cellular antioxidant system, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions. 27524240 6 55 from up-regulation 771:783 arg1 spt23Δ 829:834 spt23Δ 829:834 spt23Δ 829:834 The cell wall stress caused by increased chitin contents could not be attenuated by up-regulation of phospholipids synthesis-related genes in spt23Δ. 27524240 0 56 theme reticulum 65:73 arg1 stress 75:80 endoplasmic reticulum stress 53:80 endoplasmic reticulum stress 53:80 Lipid homeostasis is involved in plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Pichia pastoris. 27524240 7 57 theme antioxidant 1009:1019 arg1 system 1021:1026 the cellular antioxidant system 996:1026 the cellular antioxidant system 996:1026 Besides, lipid saturation induced expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation followed by activation of the cellular antioxidant system, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions. 27524240 0 58 theme endoplasmic 53:63 arg1 stress 75:80 endoplasmic reticulum stress 53:80 endoplasmic reticulum stress 53:80 Lipid homeostasis is involved in plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Pichia pastoris. 27524240 4 59 theme growth 495:500 arg1 defect 502:507 a growth defect 493:507 a growth defect 493:507 In the present study, we found that lipid saturation caused by SPT23 deletion exhibited a growth defect under ethanol stress and increased chitin contents. 27524240 2 60 theme transcription 242:254 arg1 factor 256:261 an important transcription factor 229:261 an important transcription factor within the cell and responsible for the regulation of fatty acid desaturase genes 229:343 Our previous study has demonstrated that Spt23 is an important transcription factor within the cell and responsible for the regulation of fatty acid desaturase genes. 27524240 2 60 theme transcription 242:254 arg1 Spt23 220:224 Spt23 220:224 Spt23 220:224 Our previous study has demonstrated that Spt23 is an important transcription factor within the cell and responsible for the regulation of fatty acid desaturase genes. 27524240 8 61 theme membrane 1203:1210 arg1 stress 1212:1217 plasma membrane stress 1196:1217 plasma membrane stress 1196:1217 Taken together, our data suggested that lipid homeostasis has a close connection with cell responses to both plasma membrane stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. 27524240 7 62 theme UPR 912:914 arg1 genes 917:921 unfolded protein response (UPR) genes 885:921 unfolded protein response (UPR) genes 885:921 Besides, lipid saturation induced expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation followed by activation of the cellular antioxidant system, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions. 27524240 8 63 theme cell 1173:1176 arg1 responses 1178:1186 cell responses 1173:1186 cell responses 1173:1186 Taken together, our data suggested that lipid homeostasis has a close connection with cell responses to both plasma membrane stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. 27457653 8 0 theme community 1232:1240 arg1 composition 1242:1252 the community composition 1228:1252 the community composition as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing 1228:1289 The active microbial community identified by metatranscriptome analysis was markedly different than the community composition as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, highlighting the value of evaluating the active microbial fraction during assessments of produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies. 27457653 3 1 theme produced 513:520 arg1 management 528:537 produced water management 513:537 produced water management 513:537 The goal of this study was to describe active metabolic pathways of industrial concern for produced water management and reuse, and to improve understanding of produced water microbial activity. 27457653 1 2 theme high-volume 254:264 arg1 fracturing 276:285 high-volume hydraulic fracturing 254:285 high-volume hydraulic fracturing 254:285 Controlling microbial activity is a primary concern during the management of the large volumes of wastewater (produced water) generated during high-volume hydraulic fracturing. 27457653 6 3 theme biocide 964:970 arg1 efficacy 972:979 biocide efficacy 964:979 biocide efficacy 964:979 Genes related to a diverse array of stress response mechanisms were also identified with implications for biocide efficacy. 27457653 2 4 from activity 334:341 arg1 Shale 415:419 the Marcellus Shale 401:419 the Marcellus Shale 401:419 In this study we analyzed the transcriptional activity (metatranscriptomes) of three produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 27457653 6 5 theme related 864:870 arg1 Genes 858:862 Genes 858:862 Genes related to a diverse array of stress response mechanisms 858:919 Genes related to a diverse array of stress response mechanisms were also identified with implications for biocide efficacy. 27457653 1 6 theme microbial 123:131 arg1 concern 155:161 a primary concern 145:161 a primary concern during the management of the large volumes of wastewater (produced water) generated during high-volume hydraulic fracturing 145:285 Controlling microbial activity is a primary concern during the management of the large volumes of wastewater (produced water) generated during high-volume hydraulic fracturing. 27457653 1 6 theme microbial 123:131 arg1 activity 133:140 Controlling microbial activity 111:140 Controlling microbial activity 111:140 Controlling microbial activity is a primary concern during the management of the large volumes of wastewater (produced water) generated during high-volume hydraulic fracturing. 27457653 8 7 theme rRNA 1275:1278 arg1 sequencing 1280:1289 16S rRNA sequencing 1271:1289 16S rRNA sequencing 1271:1289 The active microbial community identified by metatranscriptome analysis was markedly different than the community composition as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, highlighting the value of evaluating the active microbial fraction during assessments of produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies. 27457653 8 8 theme microbial 1340:1348 arg1 fraction 1350:1357 the active microbial fraction 1329:1357 the active microbial fraction 1329:1357 The active microbial community identified by metatranscriptome analysis was markedly different than the community composition as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, highlighting the value of evaluating the active microbial fraction during assessments of produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies. 27457653 1 9 theme large 192:196 arg1 volumes 198:204 the large volumes 188:204 the large volumes of wastewater (produced water) generated during high-volume hydraulic fracturing 188:285 Controlling microbial activity is a primary concern during the management of the large volumes of wastewater (produced water) generated during high-volume hydraulic fracturing. 27457653 4 10 theme biofilm 660:666 arg1 formation 668:676 active biofilm formation 653:676 active biofilm formation 653:676 Metatranscriptome analysis revealed active biofilm formation, sulfide production, and stress management mechanisms of the produced water microbial communities. 27457653 3 11 theme activity 607:614 arg1 understanding 565:577 understanding 565:577 understanding of produced water microbial activity 565:614 The goal of this study was to describe active metabolic pathways of industrial concern for produced water management and reuse, and to improve understanding of produced water microbial activity. 27457653 7 12 theme water 1081:1085 arg1 sample 1062:1067 a sample 1060:1067 a sample of produced water collected prior to holding pond storage 1060:1125 Additionally, active expression of a methanogenesis pathway was identified in a sample of produced water collected prior to holding pond storage. 27457653 8 13 theme water 1390:1394 arg1 potential 1407:1415 water biofouling potential 1390:1415 water biofouling potential 1390:1415 The active microbial community identified by metatranscriptome analysis was markedly different than the community composition as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, highlighting the value of evaluating the active microbial fraction during assessments of produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies. 27457653 7 14 theme pond 1114:1117 arg1 storage 1119:1125 holding pond storage 1106:1125 holding pond storage 1106:1125 Additionally, active expression of a methanogenesis pathway was identified in a sample of produced water collected prior to holding pond storage. 27457653 3 15 theme water 591:595 arg1 activity 607:614 produced water microbial activity 582:614 produced water microbial activity 582:614 The goal of this study was to describe active metabolic pathways of industrial concern for produced water management and reuse, and to improve understanding of produced water microbial activity. 27457653 9 16 theme water 1628:1632 arg1 strategies 1640:1649 produced water reuse strategies 1619:1649 produced water reuse strategies 1619:1649 These results indicate biofouling and corrosive microbial processes are active in produced water and should be taken into consideration while designing produced water reuse strategies. 27457653 4 17 theme microbial 754:762 arg1 communities 764:774 the produced water microbial communities 735:774 the produced water microbial communities 735:774 Metatranscriptome analysis revealed active biofilm formation, sulfide production, and stress management mechanisms of the produced water microbial communities. 27457653 8 18 theme potential 1407:1415 arg1 strategies 1455:1464 produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies 1381:1464 produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies 1381:1464 The active microbial community identified by metatranscriptome analysis was markedly different than the community composition as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, highlighting the value of evaluating the active microbial fraction during assessments of produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies. 27457653 4 19 theme management 710:719 arg1 mechanisms 721:730 stress management mechanisms 703:730 stress management mechanisms 703:730 Metatranscriptome analysis revealed active biofilm formation, sulfide production, and stress management mechanisms of the produced water microbial communities. 27457653 9 20 theme produced 1549:1556 arg1 water 1558:1562 produced water 1549:1562 produced water 1549:1562 These results indicate biofouling and corrosive microbial processes are active in produced water and should be taken into consideration while designing produced water reuse strategies. 27457653 8 21 theme biocide 1435:1441 arg1 application 1443:1453 biocide application 1435:1453 biocide application 1435:1453 The active microbial community identified by metatranscriptome analysis was markedly different than the community composition as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, highlighting the value of evaluating the active microbial fraction during assessments of produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies. 27457653 9 22 from water 1558:1562 arg1 active 1539:1544 active 1539:1544 active 1539:1544 These results indicate biofouling and corrosive microbial processes are active in produced water and should be taken into consideration while designing produced water reuse strategies. 27457653 7 23 theme pathway 1034:1040 arg1 expression 1003:1012 active expression 996:1012 active expression of a methanogenesis pathway 996:1040 Additionally, active expression of a methanogenesis pathway was identified in a sample of produced water collected prior to holding pond storage. 27457653 8 24 theme strategies 1455:1464 arg1 assessments 1366:1376 assessments 1366:1376 assessments of produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies 1366:1464 The active microbial community identified by metatranscriptome analysis was markedly different than the community composition as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, highlighting the value of evaluating the active microbial fraction during assessments of produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies. 27457653 0 25 theme Marcellus 94:102 arg1 Shale 104:108 the Marcellus Shale 90:108 the Marcellus Shale 90:108 Metatranscriptome analysis of active microbial communities in produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 27457653 8 26 theme biofouling 1396:1405 arg1 potential 1407:1415 water biofouling potential 1390:1415 water biofouling potential 1390:1415 The active microbial community identified by metatranscriptome analysis was markedly different than the community composition as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, highlighting the value of evaluating the active microbial fraction during assessments of produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies. 27457653 2 27 theme Marcellus 405:413 arg1 Shale 415:419 the Marcellus Shale 401:419 the Marcellus Shale 401:419 In this study we analyzed the transcriptional activity (metatranscriptomes) of three produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 27457653 9 28 dep indicate 1481:1488 arg1 taken 1578:1582 taken 1578:1582 should be taken into consideration while designing produced water reuse strategies 1568:1649 These results indicate biofouling and corrosive microbial processes are active in produced water and should be taken into consideration while designing produced water reuse strategies. 27457653 9 28 dep indicate 1481:1488 arg1 active 1539:1544 active 1539:1544 active 1539:1544 These results indicate biofouling and corrosive microbial processes are active in produced water and should be taken into consideration while designing produced water reuse strategies. 27457653 0 29 theme Metatranscriptome 0:16 arg1 analysis 18:25 Metatranscriptome analysis 0:25 Metatranscriptome analysis of active microbial communities in produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 0:109 Metatranscriptome analysis of active microbial communities in produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 27457653 3 30 theme active 461:466 arg1 pathways 478:485 active metabolic pathways 461:485 active metabolic pathways of industrial concern for produced water management and reuse 461:547 The goal of this study was to describe active metabolic pathways of industrial concern for produced water management and reuse, and to improve understanding of produced water microbial activity. 27457653 8 31 theme microbial 1139:1147 arg1 different 1213:1221 different 1213:1221 different 1213:1221 The active microbial community identified by metatranscriptome analysis was markedly different than the community composition as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, highlighting the value of evaluating the active microbial fraction during assessments of produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies. 27457653 8 31 theme microbial 1139:1147 arg1 community 1149:1157 The active microbial community 1128:1157 The active microbial community identified by metatranscriptome analysis 1128:1198 The active microbial community identified by metatranscriptome analysis was markedly different than the community composition as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, highlighting the value of evaluating the active microbial fraction during assessments of produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies. 27457653 1 32 theme Controlling 111:121 arg1 concern 155:161 a primary concern 145:161 a primary concern during the management of the large volumes of wastewater (produced water) generated during high-volume hydraulic fracturing 145:285 Controlling microbial activity is a primary concern during the management of the large volumes of wastewater (produced water) generated during high-volume hydraulic fracturing. 27457653 1 32 theme Controlling 111:121 arg1 activity 133:140 Controlling microbial activity 111:140 Controlling microbial activity 111:140 Controlling microbial activity is a primary concern during the management of the large volumes of wastewater (produced water) generated during high-volume hydraulic fracturing. 27457653 8 33 theme evaluation 1421:1430 arg1 strategies 1455:1464 produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies 1381:1464 produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies 1381:1464 The active microbial community identified by metatranscriptome analysis was markedly different than the community composition as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, highlighting the value of evaluating the active microbial fraction during assessments of produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies. 27457653 0 34 theme microbial 37:45 arg1 communities 47:57 active microbial communities 30:57 active microbial communities 30:57 Metatranscriptome analysis of active microbial communities in produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 27457653 6 35 theme mechanisms 910:919 arg1 array 885:889 a diverse array 875:889 a diverse array of stress response mechanisms 875:919 Genes related to a diverse array of stress response mechanisms were also identified with implications for biocide efficacy. 27457653 0 36 theme water 71:75 arg1 samples 77:83 produced water samples 62:83 produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale 62:108 Metatranscriptome analysis of active microbial communities in produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 27457653 3 37 theme industrial 490:499 arg1 concern 501:507 industrial concern 490:507 industrial concern 490:507 The goal of this study was to describe active metabolic pathways of industrial concern for produced water management and reuse, and to improve understanding of produced water microbial activity. 27457653 9 38 theme biofouling 1490:1499 arg1 processes 1525:1533 biofouling and corrosive microbial processes 1490:1533 biofouling and corrosive microbial processes 1490:1533 These results indicate biofouling and corrosive microbial processes are active in produced water and should be taken into consideration while designing produced water reuse strategies. 27457653 8 39 theme metatranscriptome 1173:1189 arg1 analysis 1191:1198 metatranscriptome analysis 1173:1198 metatranscriptome analysis 1173:1198 The active microbial community identified by metatranscriptome analysis was markedly different than the community composition as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, highlighting the value of evaluating the active microbial fraction during assessments of produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies. 27457653 6 40 theme stress 894:899 arg1 mechanisms 910:919 stress response mechanisms 894:919 stress response mechanisms 894:919 Genes related to a diverse array of stress response mechanisms were also identified with implications for biocide efficacy. 27457653 9 41 theme corrosive 1505:1513 arg1 processes 1525:1533 biofouling and corrosive microbial processes 1490:1533 biofouling and corrosive microbial processes 1490:1533 These results indicate biofouling and corrosive microbial processes are active in produced water and should be taken into consideration while designing produced water reuse strategies. 27457653 4 42 theme stress 703:708 arg1 mechanisms 721:730 stress management mechanisms 703:730 stress management mechanisms 703:730 Metatranscriptome analysis revealed active biofilm formation, sulfide production, and stress management mechanisms of the produced water microbial communities. 27457653 3 43 theme water 522:526 arg1 management 528:537 produced water management 513:537 produced water management 513:537 The goal of this study was to describe active metabolic pathways of industrial concern for produced water management and reuse, and to improve understanding of produced water microbial activity. 27457653 1 44 theme hydraulic 266:274 arg1 fracturing 276:285 high-volume hydraulic fracturing 254:285 high-volume hydraulic fracturing 254:285 Controlling microbial activity is a primary concern during the management of the large volumes of wastewater (produced water) generated during high-volume hydraulic fracturing. 27457653 4 45 theme sulfide 679:685 arg1 production 687:696 sulfide production 679:696 sulfide production 679:696 Metatranscriptome analysis revealed active biofilm formation, sulfide production, and stress management mechanisms of the produced water microbial communities. 27457653 2 46 theme transcriptional 318:332 arg1 metatranscriptomes 344:361 metatranscriptomes 344:361 metatranscriptomes 344:361 In this study we analyzed the transcriptional activity (metatranscriptomes) of three produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 27457653 2 46 theme transcriptional 318:332 arg1 activity 334:341 the transcriptional activity 314:341 the transcriptional activity (metatranscriptomes) of three produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale 314:419 In this study we analyzed the transcriptional activity (metatranscriptomes) of three produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 27457653 8 47 theme 16S 1271:1273 arg1 sequencing 1280:1289 16S rRNA sequencing 1271:1289 16S rRNA sequencing 1271:1289 The active microbial community identified by metatranscriptome analysis was markedly different than the community composition as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, highlighting the value of evaluating the active microbial fraction during assessments of produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies. 27457653 8 48 theme active 1333:1338 arg1 fraction 1350:1357 the active microbial fraction 1329:1357 the active microbial fraction 1329:1357 The active microbial community identified by metatranscriptome analysis was markedly different than the community composition as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, highlighting the value of evaluating the active microbial fraction during assessments of produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies. 27457653 1 49 theme volumes 198:204 arg1 management 174:183 the management 170:183 the management of the large volumes of wastewater (produced water) generated during high-volume hydraulic fracturing 170:285 Controlling microbial activity is a primary concern during the management of the large volumes of wastewater (produced water) generated during high-volume hydraulic fracturing. 27457653 2 50 theme water 382:386 arg1 samples 388:394 three produced water samples 367:394 three produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale 367:419 In this study we analyzed the transcriptional activity (metatranscriptomes) of three produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 27457653 4 51 theme active 653:658 arg1 formation 668:676 active biofilm formation 653:676 active biofilm formation 653:676 Metatranscriptome analysis revealed active biofilm formation, sulfide production, and stress management mechanisms of the produced water microbial communities. 27457653 3 52 theme microbial 597:605 arg1 activity 607:614 produced water microbial activity 582:614 produced water microbial activity 582:614 The goal of this study was to describe active metabolic pathways of industrial concern for produced water management and reuse, and to improve understanding of produced water microbial activity. 27457653 1 53 theme wastewater 209:218 arg1 volumes 198:204 the large volumes 188:204 the large volumes of wastewater (produced water) generated during high-volume hydraulic fracturing 188:285 Controlling microbial activity is a primary concern during the management of the large volumes of wastewater (produced water) generated during high-volume hydraulic fracturing. 27457653 7 54 theme holding 1106:1112 arg1 storage 1119:1125 holding pond storage 1106:1125 holding pond storage 1106:1125 Additionally, active expression of a methanogenesis pathway was identified in a sample of produced water collected prior to holding pond storage. 27457653 3 55 theme produced 582:589 arg1 activity 607:614 produced water microbial activity 582:614 produced water microbial activity 582:614 The goal of this study was to describe active metabolic pathways of industrial concern for produced water management and reuse, and to improve understanding of produced water microbial activity. 27457653 9 56 theme produced 1619:1626 arg1 strategies 1640:1649 produced water reuse strategies 1619:1649 produced water reuse strategies 1619:1649 These results indicate biofouling and corrosive microbial processes are active in produced water and should be taken into consideration while designing produced water reuse strategies. 27457653 8 57 theme produced 1381:1388 arg1 strategies 1455:1464 produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies 1381:1464 produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies 1381:1464 The active microbial community identified by metatranscriptome analysis was markedly different than the community composition as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, highlighting the value of evaluating the active microbial fraction during assessments of produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies. 27457653 4 58 theme produced 739:746 arg1 communities 764:774 the produced water microbial communities 735:774 the produced water microbial communities 735:774 Metatranscriptome analysis revealed active biofilm formation, sulfide production, and stress management mechanisms of the produced water microbial communities. 27457653 7 59 theme produced 1072:1079 arg1 water 1081:1085 produced water 1072:1085 produced water collected prior to holding pond storage 1072:1125 Additionally, active expression of a methanogenesis pathway was identified in a sample of produced water collected prior to holding pond storage. 27457653 9 60 theme reuse 1634:1638 arg1 strategies 1640:1649 produced water reuse strategies 1619:1649 produced water reuse strategies 1619:1649 These results indicate biofouling and corrosive microbial processes are active in produced water and should be taken into consideration while designing produced water reuse strategies. 27457653 0 61 from Shale 104:108 arg1 analysis 18:25 Metatranscriptome analysis 0:25 Metatranscriptome analysis of active microbial communities in produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 0:109 Metatranscriptome analysis of active microbial communities in produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 27457653 0 61 from Shale 104:108 arg1 samples 77:83 produced water samples 62:83 produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale 62:108 Metatranscriptome analysis of active microbial communities in produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 27457653 4 62 theme water 748:752 arg1 communities 764:774 the produced water microbial communities 735:774 the produced water microbial communities 735:774 Metatranscriptome analysis revealed active biofilm formation, sulfide production, and stress management mechanisms of the produced water microbial communities. 27457653 5 63 theme sulfate-reduction 799:815 arg1 pathways 817:824 Biofilm-formation and sulfate-reduction pathways 777:824 Biofilm-formation and sulfate-reduction pathways 777:824 Biofilm-formation and sulfate-reduction pathways were identified in all samples. 27457653 1 64 theme primary 147:153 arg1 concern 155:161 a primary concern 145:161 a primary concern during the management of the large volumes of wastewater (produced water) generated during high-volume hydraulic fracturing 145:285 Controlling microbial activity is a primary concern during the management of the large volumes of wastewater (produced water) generated during high-volume hydraulic fracturing. 27457653 1 64 theme primary 147:153 arg1 activity 133:140 Controlling microbial activity 111:140 Controlling microbial activity 111:140 Controlling microbial activity is a primary concern during the management of the large volumes of wastewater (produced water) generated during high-volume hydraulic fracturing. 27457653 1 65 theme produced 221:228 arg1 wastewater 209:218 wastewater 209:218 wastewater (produced water) generated during high-volume hydraulic fracturing 209:285 Controlling microbial activity is a primary concern during the management of the large volumes of wastewater (produced water) generated during high-volume hydraulic fracturing. 27457653 1 65 theme produced 221:228 arg1 water 230:234 produced water 221:234 produced water 221:234 Controlling microbial activity is a primary concern during the management of the large volumes of wastewater (produced water) generated during high-volume hydraulic fracturing. 27457653 0 66 from analysis 18:25 arg1 Shale 104:108 the Marcellus Shale 90:108 the Marcellus Shale 90:108 Metatranscriptome analysis of active microbial communities in produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 27457653 0 66 from analysis 18:25 arg1 samples 77:83 produced water samples 62:83 produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale 62:108 Metatranscriptome analysis of active microbial communities in produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 27457653 8 67 dep composition 1242:1252 arg1 identified 1257:1266 identified 1257:1266 identified by 16S rRNA sequencing 1257:1289 The active microbial community identified by metatranscriptome analysis was markedly different than the community composition as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, highlighting the value of evaluating the active microbial fraction during assessments of produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies. 27457653 8 68 theme application 1443:1453 arg1 evaluation 1421:1430 evaluation 1421:1430 evaluation of biocide application 1421:1453 The active microbial community identified by metatranscriptome analysis was markedly different than the community composition as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, highlighting the value of evaluating the active microbial fraction during assessments of produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies. 27457653 8 68 theme application 1443:1453 arg1 potential 1407:1415 water biofouling potential 1390:1415 water biofouling potential 1390:1415 The active microbial community identified by metatranscriptome analysis was markedly different than the community composition as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, highlighting the value of evaluating the active microbial fraction during assessments of produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies. 27457653 5 69 theme Biofilm-formation 777:793 arg1 pathways 817:824 Biofilm-formation and sulfate-reduction pathways 777:824 Biofilm-formation and sulfate-reduction pathways 777:824 Biofilm-formation and sulfate-reduction pathways were identified in all samples. 27457653 7 70 theme methanogenesis 1019:1032 arg1 pathway 1034:1040 a methanogenesis pathway 1017:1040 a methanogenesis pathway 1017:1040 Additionally, active expression of a methanogenesis pathway was identified in a sample of produced water collected prior to holding pond storage. 27457653 8 71 theme active 1132:1137 arg1 different 1213:1221 different 1213:1221 different 1213:1221 The active microbial community identified by metatranscriptome analysis was markedly different than the community composition as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, highlighting the value of evaluating the active microbial fraction during assessments of produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies. 27457653 8 71 theme active 1132:1137 arg1 community 1149:1157 The active microbial community 1128:1157 The active microbial community identified by metatranscriptome analysis 1128:1198 The active microbial community identified by metatranscriptome analysis was markedly different than the community composition as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, highlighting the value of evaluating the active microbial fraction during assessments of produced water biofouling potential and evaluation of biocide application strategies. 27457653 4 72 theme communities 764:774 arg1 formation 668:676 active biofilm formation 653:676 active biofilm formation 653:676 Metatranscriptome analysis revealed active biofilm formation, sulfide production, and stress management mechanisms of the produced water microbial communities. 27457653 4 72 theme communities 764:774 arg1 mechanisms 721:730 stress management mechanisms 703:730 stress management mechanisms 703:730 Metatranscriptome analysis revealed active biofilm formation, sulfide production, and stress management mechanisms of the produced water microbial communities. 27457653 4 72 theme communities 764:774 arg1 production 687:696 sulfide production 679:696 sulfide production 679:696 Metatranscriptome analysis revealed active biofilm formation, sulfide production, and stress management mechanisms of the produced water microbial communities. 27457653 2 73 theme samples 388:394 arg1 metatranscriptomes 344:361 metatranscriptomes 344:361 metatranscriptomes 344:361 In this study we analyzed the transcriptional activity (metatranscriptomes) of three produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 27457653 2 73 theme samples 388:394 arg1 activity 334:341 the transcriptional activity 314:341 the transcriptional activity (metatranscriptomes) of three produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale 314:419 In this study we analyzed the transcriptional activity (metatranscriptomes) of three produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 27457653 0 74 theme active 30:35 arg1 communities 47:57 active microbial communities 30:57 active microbial communities 30:57 Metatranscriptome analysis of active microbial communities in produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 27457653 7 75 theme active 996:1001 arg1 expression 1003:1012 active expression 996:1012 active expression of a methanogenesis pathway 996:1040 Additionally, active expression of a methanogenesis pathway was identified in a sample of produced water collected prior to holding pond storage. 27457653 3 76 theme metabolic 468:476 arg1 pathways 478:485 active metabolic pathways 461:485 active metabolic pathways of industrial concern for produced water management and reuse 461:547 The goal of this study was to describe active metabolic pathways of industrial concern for produced water management and reuse, and to improve understanding of produced water microbial activity. 27457653 0 77 theme communities 47:57 arg1 analysis 18:25 Metatranscriptome analysis 0:25 Metatranscriptome analysis of active microbial communities in produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 0:109 Metatranscriptome analysis of active microbial communities in produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 27457653 9 78 from active 1539:1544 arg1 water 1558:1562 produced water 1549:1562 produced water 1549:1562 These results indicate biofouling and corrosive microbial processes are active in produced water and should be taken into consideration while designing produced water reuse strategies. 27457653 3 79 theme study 439:443 arg1 goal 426:429 The goal 422:429 The goal of this study 422:443 The goal of this study was to describe active metabolic pathways of industrial concern for produced water management and reuse, and to improve understanding of produced water microbial activity. 27457653 0 80 theme produced 62:69 arg1 samples 77:83 produced water samples 62:83 produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale 62:108 Metatranscriptome analysis of active microbial communities in produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 27457653 6 81 theme response 901:908 arg1 mechanisms 910:919 stress response mechanisms 894:919 stress response mechanisms 894:919 Genes related to a diverse array of stress response mechanisms were also identified with implications for biocide efficacy. 27457653 3 82 theme concern 501:507 arg1 pathways 478:485 active metabolic pathways 461:485 active metabolic pathways of industrial concern for produced water management and reuse 461:547 The goal of this study was to describe active metabolic pathways of industrial concern for produced water management and reuse, and to improve understanding of produced water microbial activity. 27457653 4 83 theme Metatranscriptome 617:633 arg1 analysis 635:642 Metatranscriptome analysis 617:642 Metatranscriptome analysis 617:642 Metatranscriptome analysis revealed active biofilm formation, sulfide production, and stress management mechanisms of the produced water microbial communities. 27457653 9 84 theme microbial 1515:1523 arg1 processes 1525:1533 biofouling and corrosive microbial processes 1490:1533 biofouling and corrosive microbial processes 1490:1533 These results indicate biofouling and corrosive microbial processes are active in produced water and should be taken into consideration while designing produced water reuse strategies. 27457653 6 85 theme diverse 877:883 arg1 array 885:889 a diverse array 875:889 a diverse array of stress response mechanisms 875:919 Genes related to a diverse array of stress response mechanisms were also identified with implications for biocide efficacy. 27457653 2 86 from Shale 415:419 arg1 metatranscriptomes 344:361 metatranscriptomes 344:361 metatranscriptomes 344:361 In this study we analyzed the transcriptional activity (metatranscriptomes) of three produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 27457653 2 86 from Shale 415:419 arg1 activity 334:341 the transcriptional activity 314:341 the transcriptional activity (metatranscriptomes) of three produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale 314:419 In this study we analyzed the transcriptional activity (metatranscriptomes) of three produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 27457653 2 86 from Shale 415:419 arg1 samples 388:394 three produced water samples 367:394 three produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale 367:419 In this study we analyzed the transcriptional activity (metatranscriptomes) of three produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 27457653 2 87 theme produced 373:380 arg1 samples 388:394 three produced water samples 367:394 three produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale 367:419 In this study we analyzed the transcriptional activity (metatranscriptomes) of three produced water samples from the Marcellus Shale. 27475059 11 0 theme respective 1601:1610 arg1 incidences 1612:1621 The respective incidences 1597:1621 The respective incidences of all-cause mortality 1597:1644 The respective incidences of all-cause mortality were 5.1 and 9.6 % (p = 0.158). 27475059 11 0 theme respective 1601:1610 arg1 % 1663:1663 5.1 and 9.6 % 1651:1663 5.1 and 9.6 % (p = 0.158) 1651:1675 The respective incidences of all-cause mortality were 5.1 and 9.6 % (p = 0.158). 27475059 5 1 theme adverse 708:714 arg1 MACE 739:742 MACE 739:742 MACE 739:742 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 5 1 theme adverse 708:714 arg1 events 731:736 major adverse cardiovascular events 702:736 major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days 702:903 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 7 2 theme other 1045:1049 arg1 treatment 1066:1074 other antithrombotic treatment 1045:1074 other antithrombotic treatment (non-protocol-treated group) 1045:1103 The rest received other antithrombotic treatment (non-protocol-treated group). 27475059 7 2 theme other 1045:1049 arg1 group 1098:1102 non-protocol-treated group 1077:1102 non-protocol-treated group 1077:1102 The rest received other antithrombotic treatment (non-protocol-treated group). 27475059 2 3 theme novel 377:381 arg1 regimen 398:404 a novel antithrombotic regimen 375:404 a novel antithrombotic regimen combining enoxaparine and prasugrel at presentation, followed by bivalirudin at the catheterisation laboratory 375:515 This single center registry study aims to assess the safety of a novel antithrombotic regimen combining enoxaparine and prasugrel at presentation, followed by bivalirudin at the catheterisation laboratory. 27475059 5 4 theme non-fatal 814:822 arg1 stroke 824:829 non-fatal stroke 814:829 non-fatal stroke 814:829 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 5 5 theme new 834:836 arg1 revascularisation 852:868 a new target vessel revascularisation 832:868 a new target vessel revascularisation 832:868 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 5 6 theme cardiovascular 716:729 arg1 MACE 739:742 MACE 739:742 MACE 739:742 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 5 6 theme cardiovascular 716:729 arg1 events 731:736 major adverse cardiovascular events 702:736 major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days 702:903 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 12 7 theme antithrombotic 1718:1731 arg1 regimen 1733:1739 the novel antithrombotic regimen 1708:1739 the novel antithrombotic regimen 1708:1739 CONCLUSIONS Administration of the novel antithrombotic regimen seems to be safe. 27475059 5 8 theme cardiovascular 759:772 arg1 death 774:778 cardiovascular death 759:778 cardiovascular death 759:778 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 5 9 theme myocardial 791:800 arg1 infarction 802:811 non-fatal myocardial infarction 781:811 non-fatal myocardial infarction 781:811 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 9 10 theme severe 1338:1343 arg1 GUSTO 1345:1349 severe GUSTO 1338:1349 severe GUSTO 1338:1349 The incidences of bleeding were similar: severe GUSTO or TIMI bleeding occurred in 0 % of the protocol-treated group and in 1.0 and 0.3 %, respectively, of the other group (p = 0.311 for GUSTO and p = 0.559 for TIMI). 27475059 5 11 theme events 731:736 arg1 events 731:736 major adverse cardiovascular events 702:736 major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days 702:903 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 5 11 theme events 731:736 arg1 endpoints 672:680 The secondary endpoints 658:680 The secondary endpoints 658:680 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 5 11 theme events 731:736 arg1 composite 689:697 a composite 687:697 a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days 687:903 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 5 12 theme secondary 662:670 arg1 events 731:736 major adverse cardiovascular events 702:736 major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days 702:903 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 5 12 theme secondary 662:670 arg1 endpoints 672:680 The secondary endpoints 658:680 The secondary endpoints 658:680 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 5 12 theme secondary 662:670 arg1 composite 689:697 a composite 687:697 a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days 687:903 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 2 13 theme center 324:329 arg1 study 340:344 This single center registry study 312:344 This single center registry study 312:344 This single center registry study aims to assess the safety of a novel antithrombotic regimen combining enoxaparine and prasugrel at presentation, followed by bivalirudin at the catheterisation laboratory. 27475059 8 14 theme lower 1139:1143 arg1 risk 1145:1148 a lower risk 1137:1148 a lower risk than the non-protocol-treated group 1137:1184 The protocol-treated group had a lower risk than the non-protocol-treated group according to the GRACE ischaemic (112 vs. 124, p = 0.002) and CRUSADE bleeding scores (21 vs. 28, p < 0.0001). 27475059 2 15 from laboratory 506:515 arg1 bivalirudin 471:481 bivalirudin 471:481 bivalirudin at the catheterisation laboratory 471:515 This single center registry study aims to assess the safety of a novel antithrombotic regimen combining enoxaparine and prasugrel at presentation, followed by bivalirudin at the catheterisation laboratory. 27475059 8 16 theme protocol-treated 1110:1125 arg1 group 1127:1131 The protocol-treated group 1106:1131 The protocol-treated group 1106:1131 The protocol-treated group had a lower risk than the non-protocol-treated group according to the GRACE ischaemic (112 vs. 124, p = 0.002) and CRUSADE bleeding scores (21 vs. 28, p < 0.0001). 27475059 2 17 theme single 317:322 arg1 study 340:344 This single center registry study 312:344 This single center registry study 312:344 This single center registry study aims to assess the safety of a novel antithrombotic regimen combining enoxaparine and prasugrel at presentation, followed by bivalirudin at the catheterisation laboratory. 27475059 12 18 theme novel 1712:1716 arg1 regimen 1733:1739 the novel antithrombotic regimen 1708:1739 the novel antithrombotic regimen 1708:1739 CONCLUSIONS Administration of the novel antithrombotic regimen seems to be safe. 27475059 8 19 theme CRUSADE 1248:1254 arg1 scores 1265:1270 CRUSADE bleeding scores 1248:1270 CRUSADE bleeding scores (21 vs. 28, p < 0.0001) 1248:1294 The protocol-treated group had a lower risk than the non-protocol-treated group according to the GRACE ischaemic (112 vs. 124, p = 0.002) and CRUSADE bleeding scores (21 vs. 28, p < 0.0001). 27475059 5 20 from 30 days 897:903 arg1 revascularisation 852:868 a new target vessel revascularisation 832:868 a new target vessel revascularisation 832:868 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 5 20 from 30 days 897:903 arg1 death 774:778 cardiovascular death 759:778 cardiovascular death 759:778 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 5 20 from 30 days 897:903 arg1 infarction 802:811 non-fatal myocardial infarction 781:811 non-fatal myocardial infarction 781:811 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 5 20 from 30 days 897:903 arg1 stroke 824:829 non-fatal stroke 814:829 non-fatal stroke 814:829 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 5 20 from 30 days 897:903 arg1 mortality 884:892 all-cause mortality 874:892 all-cause mortality at 30 days 874:903 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 12 21 theme regimen 1733:1739 arg1 Administration 1690:1703 CONCLUSIONS Administration 1678:1703 CONCLUSIONS Administration of the novel antithrombotic regimen 1678:1739 CONCLUSIONS Administration of the novel antithrombotic regimen seems to be safe. 27475059 8 22 contain had 1133:1135 arg2 risk 1145:1148 a lower risk 1137:1148 a lower risk than the non-protocol-treated group 1137:1184 The protocol-treated group had a lower risk than the non-protocol-treated group according to the GRACE ischaemic (112 vs. 124, p = 0.002) and CRUSADE bleeding scores (21 vs. 28, p < 0.0001). 27475059 8 22 contain had 1133:1135 arg1 group 1127:1131 The protocol-treated group 1106:1131 The protocol-treated group 1106:1131 The protocol-treated group had a lower risk than the non-protocol-treated group according to the GRACE ischaemic (112 vs. 124, p = 0.002) and CRUSADE bleeding scores (21 vs. 28, p < 0.0001). 27475059 5 23 theme vessel 845:850 arg1 revascularisation 852:868 a new target vessel revascularisation 832:868 a new target vessel revascularisation 832:868 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 0 24 theme in-hospital 115:125 arg1 bivalirudin 127:137 in-hospital bivalirudin 115:137 in-hospital bivalirudin 115:137 Safety of the primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy combining pre-hospital prasugrel, enoxaparin and in-hospital bivalirudin in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. 27475059 6 25 theme patients 950:957 arg1 total 937:941 the total 933:941 the total of 390 patients 933:957 RESULTS Ninety-nine out of the total of 390 patients were treated according to the new regimen (protocol-treated group). 27475059 5 26 theme target 838:843 arg1 revascularisation 852:868 a new target vessel revascularisation 832:868 a new target vessel revascularisation 832:868 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 1 27 theme optimal 206:212 arg1 treatment 229:237 The optimal antithrombotic treatment 202:237 BACKROUND The optimal antithrombotic treatment during a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) 192:296 BACKROUND The optimal antithrombotic treatment during a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is not known. 27475059 5 28 theme all-cause 874:882 arg1 mortality 884:892 all-cause mortality 874:892 all-cause mortality at 30 days 874:903 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 6 29 theme 390 946:948 arg1 patients 950:957 390 patients 946:957 390 patients 946:957 RESULTS Ninety-nine out of the total of 390 patients were treated according to the new regimen (protocol-treated group). 27475059 8 30 dep ischaemic 1209:1217 arg1 112 1220:1222 112 1220:1222 112 1220:1222 The protocol-treated group had a lower risk than the non-protocol-treated group according to the GRACE ischaemic (112 vs. 124, p = 0.002) and CRUSADE bleeding scores (21 vs. 28, p < 0.0001). 27475059 8 30 dep ischaemic 1209:1217 arg1 p = 0.002 1233:1241 p = 0.002 1233:1241 p = 0.002 1233:1241 The protocol-treated group had a lower risk than the non-protocol-treated group according to the GRACE ischaemic (112 vs. 124, p = 0.002) and CRUSADE bleeding scores (21 vs. 28, p < 0.0001). 27475059 1 31 theme antithrombotic 214:227 arg1 treatment 229:237 The optimal antithrombotic treatment 202:237 BACKROUND The optimal antithrombotic treatment during a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) 192:296 BACKROUND The optimal antithrombotic treatment during a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is not known. 27475059 9 32 theme bleeding 1315:1322 arg1 incidences 1301:1310 The incidences 1297:1310 The incidences of bleeding 1297:1322 The incidences of bleeding were similar: severe GUSTO or TIMI bleeding occurred in 0 % of the protocol-treated group and in 1.0 and 0.3 %, respectively, of the other group (p = 0.311 for GUSTO and p = 0.559 for TIMI). 27475059 9 32 theme bleeding 1315:1322 arg1 similar 1329:1335 similar 1329:1335 similar 1329:1335 The incidences of bleeding were similar: severe GUSTO or TIMI bleeding occurred in 0 % of the protocol-treated group and in 1.0 and 0.3 %, respectively, of the other group (p = 0.311 for GUSTO and p = 0.559 for TIMI). 27475059 6 33 dep RESULTS 906:912 arg1 treated 964:970 treated 964:970 were treated according to the new regimen (protocol-treated group) 959:1024 RESULTS Ninety-nine out of the total of 390 patients were treated according to the new regimen (protocol-treated group). 27475059 5 34 theme major 702:706 arg1 MACE 739:742 MACE 739:742 MACE 739:742 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 5 34 theme major 702:706 arg1 events 731:736 major adverse cardiovascular events 702:736 major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days 702:903 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 1 35 dep BACKROUND 192:200 arg1 treatment 229:237 The optimal antithrombotic treatment 202:237 BACKROUND The optimal antithrombotic treatment during a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) 192:296 BACKROUND The optimal antithrombotic treatment during a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is not known. 27475059 0 36 theme intervention 44:55 arg1 strategy 57:64 the primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy 10:64 the primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy combining pre-hospital prasugrel, enoxaparin and in-hospital bivalirudin in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 10:189 Safety of the primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy combining pre-hospital prasugrel, enoxaparin and in-hospital bivalirudin in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. 27475059 9 37 theme other 1457:1461 arg1 group 1463:1467 the other group 1453:1467 the other group (p = 0.311 for GUSTO and p = 0.559 for TIMI) 1453:1512 The incidences of bleeding were similar: severe GUSTO or TIMI bleeding occurred in 0 % of the protocol-treated group and in 1.0 and 0.3 %, respectively, of the other group (p = 0.311 for GUSTO and p = 0.559 for TIMI). 27475059 0 38 theme primary 14:20 arg1 intervention 44:55 the primary percutaneous coronary intervention 10:55 the primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy combining pre-hospital prasugrel, enoxaparin and in-hospital bivalirudin in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 10:189 Safety of the primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy combining pre-hospital prasugrel, enoxaparin and in-hospital bivalirudin in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. 27475059 4 39 theme primary 606:612 arg1 endpoint 614:621 The primary endpoint 602:621 The primary endpoint 602:621 The primary endpoint was major bleeding within 30 days. 27475059 4 39 theme primary 606:612 arg1 bleeding 633:640 bleeding 633:640 bleeding 633:640 The primary endpoint was major bleeding within 30 days. 27475059 0 40 theme acute 142:146 arg1 infarction 180:189 acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 142:189 acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 142:189 Safety of the primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy combining pre-hospital prasugrel, enoxaparin and in-hospital bivalirudin in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. 27475059 9 41 theme group 1463:1467 arg1 % 1433:1433 1.0 and 0.3 % 1421:1433 1.0 and 0.3 % 1421:1433 The incidences of bleeding were similar: severe GUSTO or TIMI bleeding occurred in 0 % of the protocol-treated group and in 1.0 and 0.3 %, respectively, of the other group (p = 0.311 for GUSTO and p = 0.559 for TIMI). 27475059 9 41 theme group 1463:1467 arg1 group 1463:1467 the other group 1453:1467 the other group (p = 0.311 for GUSTO and p = 0.559 for TIMI) 1453:1512 The incidences of bleeding were similar: severe GUSTO or TIMI bleeding occurred in 0 % of the protocol-treated group and in 1.0 and 0.3 %, respectively, of the other group (p = 0.311 for GUSTO and p = 0.559 for TIMI). 27475059 8 42 theme bleeding 1256:1263 arg1 scores 1265:1270 CRUSADE bleeding scores 1248:1270 CRUSADE bleeding scores (21 vs. 28, p < 0.0001) 1248:1294 The protocol-treated group had a lower risk than the non-protocol-treated group according to the GRACE ischaemic (112 vs. 124, p = 0.002) and CRUSADE bleeding scores (21 vs. 28, p < 0.0001). 27475059 2 43 theme registry 331:338 arg1 study 340:344 This single center registry study 312:344 This single center registry study 312:344 This single center registry study aims to assess the safety of a novel antithrombotic regimen combining enoxaparine and prasugrel at presentation, followed by bivalirudin at the catheterisation laboratory. 27475059 12 44 theme CONCLUSIONS 1678:1688 arg1 Administration 1690:1703 CONCLUSIONS Administration 1678:1703 CONCLUSIONS Administration of the novel antithrombotic regimen 1678:1739 CONCLUSIONS Administration of the novel antithrombotic regimen seems to be safe. 27475059 0 45 theme coronary 35:42 arg1 intervention 44:55 the primary percutaneous coronary intervention 10:55 the primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy combining pre-hospital prasugrel, enoxaparin and in-hospital bivalirudin in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 10:189 Safety of the primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy combining pre-hospital prasugrel, enoxaparin and in-hospital bivalirudin in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. 27475059 0 46 theme elevation 159:167 arg1 infarction 180:189 acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 142:189 acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 142:189 Safety of the primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy combining pre-hospital prasugrel, enoxaparin and in-hospital bivalirudin in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. 27475059 0 47 from prasugrel 89:97 arg1 infarction 180:189 acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 142:189 acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 142:189 Safety of the primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy combining pre-hospital prasugrel, enoxaparin and in-hospital bivalirudin in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. 27475059 5 48 theme non-fatal 781:789 arg1 infarction 802:811 non-fatal myocardial infarction 781:811 non-fatal myocardial infarction 781:811 The secondary endpoints were a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, a new target vessel revascularisation and all-cause mortality at 30 days. 27475059 1 49 theme primary 248:254 arg1 pPCI 292:295 pPCI 292:295 pPCI 292:295 BACKROUND The optimal antithrombotic treatment during a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is not known. 27475059 1 49 theme primary 248:254 arg1 intervention 278:289 a primary percutaneous coronary intervention 246:289 a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) 246:296 BACKROUND The optimal antithrombotic treatment during a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is not known. 27475059 0 50 theme percutaneous 22:33 arg1 intervention 44:55 the primary percutaneous coronary intervention 10:55 the primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy combining pre-hospital prasugrel, enoxaparin and in-hospital bivalirudin in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 10:189 Safety of the primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy combining pre-hospital prasugrel, enoxaparin and in-hospital bivalirudin in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. 27475059 0 51 theme ST-segment 148:157 arg1 infarction 180:189 acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 142:189 acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 142:189 Safety of the primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy combining pre-hospital prasugrel, enoxaparin and in-hospital bivalirudin in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. 27475059 1 52 theme percutaneous 256:267 arg1 pPCI 292:295 pPCI 292:295 pPCI 292:295 BACKROUND The optimal antithrombotic treatment during a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is not known. 27475059 1 52 theme percutaneous 256:267 arg1 intervention 278:289 a primary percutaneous coronary intervention 246:289 a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) 246:296 BACKROUND The optimal antithrombotic treatment during a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is not known. 27475059 0 53 theme strategy 57:64 arg1 Safety 0:5 Safety 0:5 Safety of the primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy combining pre-hospital prasugrel, enoxaparin and in-hospital bivalirudin in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. 0:190 Safety of the primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy combining pre-hospital prasugrel, enoxaparin and in-hospital bivalirudin in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. 27475059 6 54 theme protocol-treated 1002:1017 arg1 regimen 993:999 the new regimen 985:999 the new regimen (protocol-treated group) 985:1024 RESULTS Ninety-nine out of the total of 390 patients were treated according to the new regimen (protocol-treated group). 27475059 6 54 theme protocol-treated 1002:1017 arg1 group 1019:1023 protocol-treated group 1002:1023 protocol-treated group 1002:1023 RESULTS Ninety-nine out of the total of 390 patients were treated according to the new regimen (protocol-treated group). 27475059 8 55 dep scores 1265:1270 arg1 21 1273:1274 21 1273:1274 21 1273:1274 The protocol-treated group had a lower risk than the non-protocol-treated group according to the GRACE ischaemic (112 vs. 124, p = 0.002) and CRUSADE bleeding scores (21 vs. 28, p < 0.0001). 27475059 8 55 dep scores 1265:1270 arg1 28 1280:1281 28 1280:1281 28 1280:1281 The protocol-treated group had a lower risk than the non-protocol-treated group according to the GRACE ischaemic (112 vs. 124, p = 0.002) and CRUSADE bleeding scores (21 vs. 28, p < 0.0001). 27475059 11 56 theme all-cause 1626:1634 arg1 mortality 1636:1644 all-cause mortality 1626:1644 all-cause mortality 1626:1644 The respective incidences of all-cause mortality were 5.1 and 9.6 % (p = 0.158). 27475059 2 57 theme catheterisation 490:504 arg1 laboratory 506:515 the catheterisation laboratory 486:515 the catheterisation laboratory 486:515 This single center registry study aims to assess the safety of a novel antithrombotic regimen combining enoxaparine and prasugrel at presentation, followed by bivalirudin at the catheterisation laboratory. 27475059 9 58 theme protocol-treated 1391:1406 arg1 group 1408:1412 the protocol-treated group 1387:1412 the protocol-treated group 1387:1412 The incidences of bleeding were similar: severe GUSTO or TIMI bleeding occurred in 0 % of the protocol-treated group and in 1.0 and 0.3 %, respectively, of the other group (p = 0.311 for GUSTO and p = 0.559 for TIMI). 27475059 0 59 theme myocardial 169:178 arg1 infarction 180:189 acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 142:189 acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 142:189 Safety of the primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy combining pre-hospital prasugrel, enoxaparin and in-hospital bivalirudin in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. 27475059 0 60 from bivalirudin 127:137 arg1 infarction 180:189 acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 142:189 acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 142:189 Safety of the primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy combining pre-hospital prasugrel, enoxaparin and in-hospital bivalirudin in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. 27475059 11 61 theme mortality 1636:1644 arg1 incidences 1612:1621 The respective incidences 1597:1621 The respective incidences of all-cause mortality 1597:1644 The respective incidences of all-cause mortality were 5.1 and 9.6 % (p = 0.158). 27475059 11 61 theme mortality 1636:1644 arg1 % 1663:1663 5.1 and 9.6 % 1651:1663 5.1 and 9.6 % (p = 0.158) 1651:1675 The respective incidences of all-cause mortality were 5.1 and 9.6 % (p = 0.158). 27475059 9 62 theme group 1408:1412 arg1 % 1382:1382 0 % 1380:1382 0 % of the protocol-treated group 1380:1412 The incidences of bleeding were similar: severe GUSTO or TIMI bleeding occurred in 0 % of the protocol-treated group and in 1.0 and 0.3 %, respectively, of the other group (p = 0.311 for GUSTO and p = 0.559 for TIMI). 27475059 9 62 theme group 1408:1412 arg1 group 1408:1412 the protocol-treated group 1387:1412 the protocol-treated group 1387:1412 The incidences of bleeding were similar: severe GUSTO or TIMI bleeding occurred in 0 % of the protocol-treated group and in 1.0 and 0.3 %, respectively, of the other group (p = 0.311 for GUSTO and p = 0.559 for TIMI). 27475059 8 63 theme GRACE 1203:1207 arg1 ischaemic 1209:1217 the GRACE ischaemic 1199:1217 the GRACE ischaemic (112 vs. 124, p = 0.002) 1199:1242 The protocol-treated group had a lower risk than the non-protocol-treated group according to the GRACE ischaemic (112 vs. 124, p = 0.002) and CRUSADE bleeding scores (21 vs. 28, p < 0.0001). 27475059 7 64 theme non-protocol-treated 1077:1096 arg1 treatment 1066:1074 other antithrombotic treatment 1045:1074 other antithrombotic treatment (non-protocol-treated group) 1045:1103 The rest received other antithrombotic treatment (non-protocol-treated group). 27475059 7 64 theme non-protocol-treated 1077:1096 arg1 group 1098:1102 non-protocol-treated group 1077:1102 non-protocol-treated group 1077:1102 The rest received other antithrombotic treatment (non-protocol-treated group). 27475059 1 65 theme coronary 269:276 arg1 pPCI 292:295 pPCI 292:295 pPCI 292:295 BACKROUND The optimal antithrombotic treatment during a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is not known. 27475059 1 65 theme coronary 269:276 arg1 intervention 278:289 a primary percutaneous coronary intervention 246:289 a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) 246:296 BACKROUND The optimal antithrombotic treatment during a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is not known. 27475059 7 66 theme antithrombotic 1051:1064 arg1 treatment 1066:1074 other antithrombotic treatment 1045:1074 other antithrombotic treatment (non-protocol-treated group) 1045:1103 The rest received other antithrombotic treatment (non-protocol-treated group). 27475059 7 66 theme antithrombotic 1051:1064 arg1 group 1098:1102 non-protocol-treated group 1077:1102 non-protocol-treated group 1077:1102 The rest received other antithrombotic treatment (non-protocol-treated group). 27475059 3 67 theme consecutive 530:540 arg1 patients 542:549 All consecutive patients 526:549 METHODS All consecutive patients who underwent a pPCI 518:570 METHODS All consecutive patients who underwent a pPCI were collected prospectively. 27475059 10 68 from incidence 1519:1527 arg1 groups 1544:1549 the groups 1540:1549 the groups 1540:1549 The incidence of MACE in the groups was 6.1 and 10.7 %, respectively (p = 0.178). 27475059 0 69 theme pre-hospital 76:87 arg1 prasugrel 89:97 pre-hospital prasugrel 76:97 pre-hospital prasugrel 76:97 Safety of the primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy combining pre-hospital prasugrel, enoxaparin and in-hospital bivalirudin in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. 27475059 0 70 from enoxaparin 100:109 arg1 infarction 180:189 acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 142:189 acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 142:189 Safety of the primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy combining pre-hospital prasugrel, enoxaparin and in-hospital bivalirudin in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. 27475059 9 71 dep group 1463:1467 arg1 p = 0.559 1494:1502 p = 0.559 1494:1502 p = 0.559 1494:1502 The incidences of bleeding were similar: severe GUSTO or TIMI bleeding occurred in 0 % of the protocol-treated group and in 1.0 and 0.3 %, respectively, of the other group (p = 0.311 for GUSTO and p = 0.559 for TIMI). 27475059 9 71 dep group 1463:1467 arg1 p = 0.311 1470:1478 p = 0.311 1470:1478 p = 0.311 1470:1478 The incidences of bleeding were similar: severe GUSTO or TIMI bleeding occurred in 0 % of the protocol-treated group and in 1.0 and 0.3 %, respectively, of the other group (p = 0.311 for GUSTO and p = 0.559 for TIMI). 27475059 2 72 theme regimen 398:404 arg1 safety 365:370 the safety 361:370 the safety of a novel antithrombotic regimen combining enoxaparine and prasugrel at presentation, followed by bivalirudin at the catheterisation laboratory 361:515 This single center registry study aims to assess the safety of a novel antithrombotic regimen combining enoxaparine and prasugrel at presentation, followed by bivalirudin at the catheterisation laboratory. 27475059 10 73 theme MACE 1532:1535 arg1 % 1568:1568 6.1 and 10.7 % 1555:1568 6.1 and 10.7 % 1555:1568 The incidence of MACE in the groups was 6.1 and 10.7 %, respectively (p = 0.178). 27475059 10 73 theme MACE 1532:1535 arg1 incidence 1519:1527 The incidence 1515:1527 The incidence of MACE in the groups 1515:1549 The incidence of MACE in the groups was 6.1 and 10.7 %, respectively (p = 0.178). 27475059 6 74 theme new 989:991 arg1 regimen 993:999 the new regimen 985:999 the new regimen (protocol-treated group) 985:1024 RESULTS Ninety-nine out of the total of 390 patients were treated according to the new regimen (protocol-treated group). 27475059 6 74 theme new 989:991 arg1 group 1019:1023 protocol-treated group 1002:1023 protocol-treated group 1002:1023 RESULTS Ninety-nine out of the total of 390 patients were treated according to the new regimen (protocol-treated group). 27475059 3 75 dep METHODS 518:524 arg1 patients 542:549 All consecutive patients 526:549 METHODS All consecutive patients who underwent a pPCI 518:570 METHODS All consecutive patients who underwent a pPCI were collected prospectively. 27475059 2 76 theme antithrombotic 383:396 arg1 regimen 398:404 a novel antithrombotic regimen 375:404 a novel antithrombotic regimen combining enoxaparine and prasugrel at presentation, followed by bivalirudin at the catheterisation laboratory 375:515 This single center registry study aims to assess the safety of a novel antithrombotic regimen combining enoxaparine and prasugrel at presentation, followed by bivalirudin at the catheterisation laboratory. 27475059 8 77 theme non-protocol-treated 1159:1178 arg1 group 1180:1184 the non-protocol-treated group 1155:1184 the non-protocol-treated group 1155:1184 The protocol-treated group had a lower risk than the non-protocol-treated group according to the GRACE ischaemic (112 vs. 124, p = 0.002) and CRUSADE bleeding scores (21 vs. 28, p < 0.0001). 25803612 7 0 theme CD45+ 1158:1162 arg1 cells 1174:1178 both CD45+ and CD45- cells 1153:1178 both CD45+ and CD45- cells of the α7E260A mouse 1153:1199 Bone marrow reconstitution experiments demonstrate that the responsiveness of both CD45+ and CD45- cells of the α7E260A mouse are impaired. 25803612 3 1 theme glutamate 460:468 arg1 residue 470:476 the glutamate residue 260 456:480 the glutamate residue 260 that lines the pore with alanine (α7E260A), which has been implicated in controlling the exceptional calcium ion conductance of this receptor 456:622 This was done in mice using homologous recombination to introduce a point mutation in the α7 receptor that replaces the glutamate residue 260 that lines the pore with alanine (α7E260A), which has been implicated in controlling the exceptional calcium ion conductance of this receptor. 25803612 9 2 theme CD45- 1425:1429 arg1 cells 1449:1453 CD45- lung interstitial cells 1425:1453 CD45- lung interstitial cells in the α7E260A mouse 1425:1474 However, there is a substantial increase in IL-13 expression by CD45- lung interstitial cells in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 5 3 theme following 850:858 arg1 LPS 865:867 the blood following i.n. LPS 840:867 the blood following i.n. LPS 840:867 This differs from the α7knock-out (α7KO) in which upstream signaling to initiate the recruitment to the blood following i.n. LPS is significantly impaired. 25803612 9 4 theme lung 1431:1434 arg1 cells 1449:1453 CD45- lung interstitial cells 1425:1453 CD45- lung interstitial cells in the α7E260A mouse 1425:1474 However, there is a substantial increase in IL-13 expression by CD45- lung interstitial cells in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 8 5 theme chemokine 1271:1279 arg1 Ccl2 1309:1312 Ccl2 1309:1312 Ccl2 1309:1312 The expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs including TNFα, IL-1α, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 are decreased in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 8 5 theme chemokine 1271:1279 arg1 Cxcl10 1318:1323 Cxcl10 1318:1323 Cxcl10 1318:1323 The expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs including TNFα, IL-1α, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 are decreased in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 8 5 theme chemokine 1271:1279 arg1 TNFα 1296:1299 TNFα 1296:1299 TNFα 1296:1299 The expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs including TNFα, IL-1α, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 are decreased in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 8 5 theme chemokine 1271:1279 arg1 IL-1α 1302:1306 IL-1α 1302:1306 IL-1α 1302:1306 The expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs including TNFα, IL-1α, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 are decreased in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 8 5 theme chemokine 1271:1279 arg1 RNAs 1281:1284 several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs 1233:1284 several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs including TNFα, IL-1α, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 1233:1323 The expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs including TNFα, IL-1α, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 are decreased in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 8 6 theme cytokine 1258:1265 arg1 Ccl2 1309:1312 Ccl2 1309:1312 Ccl2 1309:1312 The expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs including TNFα, IL-1α, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 are decreased in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 8 6 theme cytokine 1258:1265 arg1 Cxcl10 1318:1323 Cxcl10 1318:1323 Cxcl10 1318:1323 The expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs including TNFα, IL-1α, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 are decreased in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 8 6 theme cytokine 1258:1265 arg1 TNFα 1296:1299 TNFα 1296:1299 TNFα 1296:1299 The expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs including TNFα, IL-1α, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 are decreased in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 8 6 theme cytokine 1258:1265 arg1 IL-1α 1302:1306 IL-1α 1302:1306 IL-1α 1302:1306 The expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs including TNFα, IL-1α, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 are decreased in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 8 6 theme cytokine 1258:1265 arg1 RNAs 1281:1284 several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs 1233:1284 several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs including TNFα, IL-1α, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 1233:1323 The expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs including TNFα, IL-1α, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 are decreased in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 10 7 theme mechanisms 1650:1659 arg1 variety 1639:1645 a variety 1637:1645 a variety of mechanisms reflecting the individual cell composition of the lung 1637:1714 Our results support the conclusion that α7 functional pleiotropy contributes to modulating the tissue response to an inflammatory insult through impacting upon a variety of mechanisms reflecting the individual cell composition of the lung. 25803612 10 7 theme mechanisms 1650:1659 arg1 mechanisms 1650:1659 mechanisms 1650:1659 mechanisms reflecting the individual cell composition of the lung 1650:1714 Our results support the conclusion that α7 functional pleiotropy contributes to modulating the tissue response to an inflammatory insult through impacting upon a variety of mechanisms reflecting the individual cell composition of the lung. 25803612 9 8 theme α7E260A 1462:1468 arg1 mouse 1470:1474 the α7E260A mouse 1458:1474 the α7E260A mouse 1458:1474 However, there is a substantial increase in IL-13 expression by CD45- lung interstitial cells in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 6 9 theme lung 1069:1072 arg1 interstitium 1029:1040 interstitium 1029:1040 interstitium 1029:1040 While hematopoietic cells are recruited to the bloodstream in the α7E260A mouse, they fail to be recruited efficiently into both the interstitium and alveolar spaces of the lung. 25803612 6 9 theme lung 1069:1072 arg1 spaces 1055:1060 alveolar spaces 1046:1060 alveolar spaces of the lung 1046:1072 While hematopoietic cells are recruited to the bloodstream in the α7E260A mouse, they fail to be recruited efficiently into both the interstitium and alveolar spaces of the lung. 25803612 0 10 theme multiple 77:84 arg1 mechanisms 86:95 multiple mechanisms 77:95 multiple mechanisms 77:95 The nicotinic receptor Alpha7 impacts the mouse lung response to LPS through multiple mechanisms. 25803612 5 11 from α7knock-out 762:772 arg1 impaired 886:893 impaired 886:893 impaired 886:893 This differs from the α7knock-out (α7KO) in which upstream signaling to initiate the recruitment to the blood following i.n. LPS is significantly impaired. 25803612 2 12 theme response 268:275 arg1 mechanisms 232:241 the mechanisms 228:241 the mechanisms of the lung inflammatory response to intranasal (i.n.) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regulated by α7 228:337 We examined the mechanisms of the lung inflammatory response to intranasal (i.n.) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regulated by α7. 25803612 6 13 theme alveolar 1046:1053 arg1 spaces 1055:1060 alveolar spaces 1046:1060 alveolar spaces of the lung 1046:1072 While hematopoietic cells are recruited to the bloodstream in the α7E260A mouse, they fail to be recruited efficiently into both the interstitium and alveolar spaces of the lung. 25803612 4 14 theme inflammatory 657:668 arg1 recruitment 675:685 normal inflammatory cell recruitment 650:685 normal inflammatory cell recruitment to the blood 650:698 The α7E260A mice exhibit normal inflammatory cell recruitment to the blood in response to i.n. LPS administration. 25803612 9 15 from cells 1449:1453 arg1 mouse 1470:1474 the α7E260A mouse 1458:1474 the α7E260A mouse 1458:1474 However, there is a substantial increase in IL-13 expression by CD45- lung interstitial cells in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 2 16 theme inflammatory 255:266 arg1 response 268:275 the lung inflammatory response 246:275 the lung inflammatory response to intranasal (i.n.) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regulated by α7 246:337 We examined the mechanisms of the lung inflammatory response to intranasal (i.n.) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regulated by α7. 25803612 5 17 theme upstream 790:797 arg1 signaling 799:807 upstream signaling 790:807 upstream signaling to initiate the recruitment to the blood following i.n. LPS 790:867 This differs from the α7knock-out (α7KO) in which upstream signaling to initiate the recruitment to the blood following i.n. LPS is significantly impaired. 25803612 7 18 theme Bone 1075:1078 arg1 marrow 1080:1085 Bone marrow 1075:1085 Bone marrow reconstitution experiments 1075:1112 Bone marrow reconstitution experiments demonstrate that the responsiveness of both CD45+ and CD45- cells of the α7E260A mouse are impaired. 25803612 9 19 theme interstitial 1436:1447 arg1 cells 1449:1453 CD45- lung interstitial cells 1425:1453 CD45- lung interstitial cells in the α7E260A mouse 1425:1474 However, there is a substantial increase in IL-13 expression by CD45- lung interstitial cells in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 2 20 theme lung 250:253 arg1 response 268:275 the lung inflammatory response 246:275 the lung inflammatory response to intranasal (i.n.) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regulated by α7 246:337 We examined the mechanisms of the lung inflammatory response to intranasal (i.n.) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regulated by α7. 25803612 3 21 theme point 408:412 arg1 mutation 414:421 a point mutation 406:421 a point mutation in the α7 receptor that replaces the glutamate residue 260 that lines the pore with alanine (α7E260A), which has been implicated in controlling the exceptional calcium ion conductance of this receptor 406:622 This was done in mice using homologous recombination to introduce a point mutation in the α7 receptor that replaces the glutamate residue 260 that lines the pore with alanine (α7E260A), which has been implicated in controlling the exceptional calcium ion conductance of this receptor. 25803612 0 22 theme nicotinic 4:12 arg1 Alpha7 23:28 The nicotinic receptor Alpha7 0:28 The nicotinic receptor Alpha7 0:28 The nicotinic receptor Alpha7 impacts the mouse lung response to LPS through multiple mechanisms. 25803612 10 23 theme lung 1711:1714 arg1 composition 1692:1702 the individual cell composition 1672:1702 the individual cell composition of the lung 1672:1714 Our results support the conclusion that α7 functional pleiotropy contributes to modulating the tissue response to an inflammatory insult through impacting upon a variety of mechanisms reflecting the individual cell composition of the lung. 25803612 1 24 theme neuronal 163:170 arg1 cells 189:193 neuronal and non-neuronal cells 163:193 neuronal and non-neuronal cells 163:193 The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 (α7) is expressed by neuronal and non-neuronal cells throughout the body. 25803612 10 25 theme functional 1520:1529 arg1 pleiotropy 1531:1540 α7 functional pleiotropy 1517:1540 α7 functional pleiotropy 1517:1540 Our results support the conclusion that α7 functional pleiotropy contributes to modulating the tissue response to an inflammatory insult through impacting upon a variety of mechanisms reflecting the individual cell composition of the lung. 25803612 10 26 theme tissue 1572:1577 arg1 response 1579:1586 the tissue response 1568:1586 the tissue response to an inflammatory insult 1568:1612 Our results support the conclusion that α7 functional pleiotropy contributes to modulating the tissue response to an inflammatory insult through impacting upon a variety of mechanisms reflecting the individual cell composition of the lung. 25803612 7 27 theme reconstitution 1087:1100 arg1 experiments 1102:1112 Bone marrow reconstitution experiments 1075:1112 Bone marrow reconstitution experiments 1075:1112 Bone marrow reconstitution experiments demonstrate that the responsiveness of both CD45+ and CD45- cells of the α7E260A mouse are impaired. 25803612 8 28 theme pro-inflammatory 1241:1256 arg1 cytokine 1258:1265 pro-inflammatory cytokine 1241:1265 pro-inflammatory cytokine 1241:1265 The expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs including TNFα, IL-1α, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 are decreased in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 6 29 dep interstitium 1029:1040 arg1 the 1025:1027 the 1025:1027 the 1025:1027 While hematopoietic cells are recruited to the bloodstream in the α7E260A mouse, they fail to be recruited efficiently into both the interstitium and alveolar spaces of the lung. 25803612 1 30 theme non-neuronal 176:187 arg1 cells 189:193 neuronal and non-neuronal cells 163:193 neuronal and non-neuronal cells 163:193 The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 (α7) is expressed by neuronal and non-neuronal cells throughout the body. 25803612 0 31 theme receptor 14:21 arg1 Alpha7 23:28 The nicotinic receptor Alpha7 0:28 The nicotinic receptor Alpha7 0:28 The nicotinic receptor Alpha7 impacts the mouse lung response to LPS through multiple mechanisms. 25803612 6 32 theme hematopoietic 902:914 arg1 cells 916:920 hematopoietic cells 902:920 hematopoietic cells 902:920 While hematopoietic cells are recruited to the bloodstream in the α7E260A mouse, they fail to be recruited efficiently into both the interstitium and alveolar spaces of the lung. 25803612 4 33 theme LPS 720:722 arg1 administration 724:737 i.n. LPS administration 715:737 i.n. LPS administration 715:737 The α7E260A mice exhibit normal inflammatory cell recruitment to the blood in response to i.n. LPS administration. 25803612 3 34 theme ion 591:593 arg1 conductance 595:605 the exceptional calcium ion conductance 567:605 the exceptional calcium ion conductance of this receptor 567:622 This was done in mice using homologous recombination to introduce a point mutation in the α7 receptor that replaces the glutamate residue 260 that lines the pore with alanine (α7E260A), which has been implicated in controlling the exceptional calcium ion conductance of this receptor. 25803612 2 35 theme intranasal 280:289 arg1 LPS 318:320 LPS 318:320 LPS 318:320 We examined the mechanisms of the lung inflammatory response to intranasal (i.n.) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regulated by α7. 25803612 2 35 theme intranasal 280:289 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 298:315 intranasal (i.n.) lipopolysaccharide 280:315 intranasal (i.n.) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regulated by α7 280:337 We examined the mechanisms of the lung inflammatory response to intranasal (i.n.) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regulated by α7. 25803612 2 35 theme intranasal 280:289 arg1 i.n. 292:295 i.n. 292:295 i.n. 292:295 We examined the mechanisms of the lung inflammatory response to intranasal (i.n.) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regulated by α7. 25803612 3 36 theme α7 430:431 arg1 receptor 433:440 the α7 receptor 426:440 the α7 receptor 426:440 This was done in mice using homologous recombination to introduce a point mutation in the α7 receptor that replaces the glutamate residue 260 that lines the pore with alanine (α7E260A), which has been implicated in controlling the exceptional calcium ion conductance of this receptor. 25803612 3 37 theme homologous 368:377 arg1 recombination 379:391 homologous recombination 368:391 homologous recombination 368:391 This was done in mice using homologous recombination to introduce a point mutation in the α7 receptor that replaces the glutamate residue 260 that lines the pore with alanine (α7E260A), which has been implicated in controlling the exceptional calcium ion conductance of this receptor. 25803612 4 38 theme normal 650:655 arg1 recruitment 675:685 normal inflammatory cell recruitment 650:685 normal inflammatory cell recruitment to the blood 650:698 The α7E260A mice exhibit normal inflammatory cell recruitment to the blood in response to i.n. LPS administration. 25803612 7 39 theme α7E260A 1187:1193 arg1 mouse 1195:1199 the α7E260A mouse 1183:1199 the α7E260A mouse 1183:1199 Bone marrow reconstitution experiments demonstrate that the responsiveness of both CD45+ and CD45- cells of the α7E260A mouse are impaired. 25803612 7 40 theme marrow 1080:1085 arg1 experiments 1102:1112 Bone marrow reconstitution experiments 1075:1112 Bone marrow reconstitution experiments 1075:1112 Bone marrow reconstitution experiments demonstrate that the responsiveness of both CD45+ and CD45- cells of the α7E260A mouse are impaired. 25803612 3 41 theme exceptional 571:581 arg1 conductance 595:605 the exceptional calcium ion conductance 567:605 the exceptional calcium ion conductance of this receptor 567:622 This was done in mice using homologous recombination to introduce a point mutation in the α7 receptor that replaces the glutamate residue 260 that lines the pore with alanine (α7E260A), which has been implicated in controlling the exceptional calcium ion conductance of this receptor. 25803612 10 42 theme α7 1517:1518 arg1 pleiotropy 1531:1540 α7 functional pleiotropy 1517:1540 α7 functional pleiotropy 1517:1540 Our results support the conclusion that α7 functional pleiotropy contributes to modulating the tissue response to an inflammatory insult through impacting upon a variety of mechanisms reflecting the individual cell composition of the lung. 25803612 3 43 from mutation 414:421 arg1 receptor 433:440 the α7 receptor 426:440 the α7 receptor 426:440 This was done in mice using homologous recombination to introduce a point mutation in the α7 receptor that replaces the glutamate residue 260 that lines the pore with alanine (α7E260A), which has been implicated in controlling the exceptional calcium ion conductance of this receptor. 25803612 8 44 theme several 1233:1239 arg1 Ccl2 1309:1312 Ccl2 1309:1312 Ccl2 1309:1312 The expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs including TNFα, IL-1α, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 are decreased in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 8 44 theme several 1233:1239 arg1 Cxcl10 1318:1323 Cxcl10 1318:1323 Cxcl10 1318:1323 The expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs including TNFα, IL-1α, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 are decreased in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 8 44 theme several 1233:1239 arg1 TNFα 1296:1299 TNFα 1296:1299 TNFα 1296:1299 The expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs including TNFα, IL-1α, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 are decreased in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 8 44 theme several 1233:1239 arg1 IL-1α 1302:1306 IL-1α 1302:1306 IL-1α 1302:1306 The expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs including TNFα, IL-1α, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 are decreased in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 8 44 theme several 1233:1239 arg1 RNAs 1281:1284 several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs 1233:1284 several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs including TNFα, IL-1α, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 1233:1323 The expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs including TNFα, IL-1α, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 are decreased in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 0 45 theme lung 48:51 arg1 response 53:60 the mouse lung response 38:60 the mouse lung response to LPS 38:67 The nicotinic receptor Alpha7 impacts the mouse lung response to LPS through multiple mechanisms. 25803612 3 46 theme calcium 583:589 arg1 conductance 595:605 the exceptional calcium ion conductance 567:605 the exceptional calcium ion conductance of this receptor 567:622 This was done in mice using homologous recombination to introduce a point mutation in the α7 receptor that replaces the glutamate residue 260 that lines the pore with alanine (α7E260A), which has been implicated in controlling the exceptional calcium ion conductance of this receptor. 25803612 1 47 theme nicotinic 102:110 arg1 receptor 126:133 The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 98:140 The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 (α7) 98:145 The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 (α7) is expressed by neuronal and non-neuronal cells throughout the body. 25803612 1 47 theme nicotinic 102:110 arg1 α7 143:144 α7 143:144 α7 143:144 The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 (α7) is expressed by neuronal and non-neuronal cells throughout the body. 25803612 0 48 theme mouse 42:46 arg1 response 53:60 the mouse lung response 38:60 the mouse lung response to LPS 38:67 The nicotinic receptor Alpha7 impacts the mouse lung response to LPS through multiple mechanisms. 25803612 10 49 theme cell 1687:1690 arg1 composition 1692:1702 the individual cell composition 1672:1702 the individual cell composition of the lung 1672:1714 Our results support the conclusion that α7 functional pleiotropy contributes to modulating the tissue response to an inflammatory insult through impacting upon a variety of mechanisms reflecting the individual cell composition of the lung. 25803612 3 50 theme receptor 615:622 arg1 conductance 595:605 the exceptional calcium ion conductance 567:605 the exceptional calcium ion conductance of this receptor 567:622 This was done in mice using homologous recombination to introduce a point mutation in the α7 receptor that replaces the glutamate residue 260 that lines the pore with alanine (α7E260A), which has been implicated in controlling the exceptional calcium ion conductance of this receptor. 25803612 5 51 dep signaling 799:807 arg1 initiate 812:819 initiate 812:819 to initiate the recruitment to the blood following i.n. LPS 809:867 This differs from the α7knock-out (α7KO) in which upstream signaling to initiate the recruitment to the blood following i.n. LPS is significantly impaired. 25803612 1 52 theme acetylcholine 112:124 arg1 receptor 126:133 The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 98:140 The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 (α7) 98:145 The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 (α7) is expressed by neuronal and non-neuronal cells throughout the body. 25803612 1 52 theme acetylcholine 112:124 arg1 α7 143:144 α7 143:144 α7 143:144 The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 (α7) is expressed by neuronal and non-neuronal cells throughout the body. 25803612 5 53 from impaired 886:893 arg1 α7KO 775:778 α7KO 775:778 α7KO 775:778 This differs from the α7knock-out (α7KO) in which upstream signaling to initiate the recruitment to the blood following i.n. LPS is significantly impaired. 25803612 5 53 from impaired 886:893 arg1 α7knock-out 762:772 α7knock-out 762:772 α7knock-out 762:772 This differs from the α7knock-out (α7KO) in which upstream signaling to initiate the recruitment to the blood following i.n. LPS is significantly impaired. 25803612 9 54 from increase 1393:1400 arg1 expression 1411:1420 IL-13 expression 1405:1420 IL-13 expression by CD45- lung interstitial cells in the α7E260A mouse 1405:1474 However, there is a substantial increase in IL-13 expression by CD45- lung interstitial cells in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 5 55 theme i.n. 860:863 arg1 LPS 865:867 the blood following i.n. LPS 840:867 the blood following i.n. LPS 840:867 This differs from the α7knock-out (α7KO) in which upstream signaling to initiate the recruitment to the blood following i.n. LPS is significantly impaired. 25803612 10 56 theme individual 1676:1685 arg1 composition 1692:1702 the individual cell composition 1672:1702 the individual cell composition of the lung 1672:1714 Our results support the conclusion that α7 functional pleiotropy contributes to modulating the tissue response to an inflammatory insult through impacting upon a variety of mechanisms reflecting the individual cell composition of the lung. 25803612 4 57 theme i.n. 715:718 arg1 administration 724:737 i.n. LPS administration 715:737 i.n. LPS administration 715:737 The α7E260A mice exhibit normal inflammatory cell recruitment to the blood in response to i.n. LPS administration. 25803612 5 58 theme blood 844:848 arg1 LPS 865:867 the blood following i.n. LPS 840:867 the blood following i.n. LPS 840:867 This differs from the α7knock-out (α7KO) in which upstream signaling to initiate the recruitment to the blood following i.n. LPS is significantly impaired. 25803612 8 59 theme α7E260A 1346:1352 arg1 mouse 1354:1358 the α7E260A mouse 1342:1358 the α7E260A mouse 1342:1358 The expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs including TNFα, IL-1α, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 are decreased in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 10 60 theme inflammatory 1594:1605 arg1 insult 1607:1612 an inflammatory insult 1591:1612 an inflammatory insult 1591:1612 Our results support the conclusion that α7 functional pleiotropy contributes to modulating the tissue response to an inflammatory insult through impacting upon a variety of mechanisms reflecting the individual cell composition of the lung. 25803612 4 61 theme cell 670:673 arg1 recruitment 675:685 normal inflammatory cell recruitment 650:685 normal inflammatory cell recruitment to the blood 650:698 The α7E260A mice exhibit normal inflammatory cell recruitment to the blood in response to i.n. LPS administration. 25803612 8 62 theme RNAs 1281:1284 arg1 expression 1219:1228 The expression 1215:1228 The expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs including TNFα, IL-1α, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 1215:1323 The expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine RNAs including TNFα, IL-1α, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 are decreased in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 6 63 theme α7E260A 962:968 arg1 mouse 970:974 the α7E260A mouse 958:974 the α7E260A mouse 958:974 While hematopoietic cells are recruited to the bloodstream in the α7E260A mouse, they fail to be recruited efficiently into both the interstitium and alveolar spaces of the lung. 25803612 7 64 theme CD45- 1168:1172 arg1 cells 1174:1178 both CD45+ and CD45- cells 1153:1178 both CD45+ and CD45- cells of the α7E260A mouse 1153:1199 Bone marrow reconstitution experiments demonstrate that the responsiveness of both CD45+ and CD45- cells of the α7E260A mouse are impaired. 25803612 9 65 theme IL-13 1405:1409 arg1 expression 1411:1420 IL-13 expression 1405:1420 IL-13 expression by CD45- lung interstitial cells in the α7E260A mouse 1405:1474 However, there is a substantial increase in IL-13 expression by CD45- lung interstitial cells in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 9 66 theme substantial 1381:1391 arg1 increase 1393:1400 a substantial increase 1379:1400 a substantial increase in IL-13 expression by CD45- lung interstitial cells in the α7E260A mouse 1379:1474 However, there is a substantial increase in IL-13 expression by CD45- lung interstitial cells in the α7E260A mouse. 25803612 4 67 theme α7E260A 629:635 arg1 mice 637:640 The α7E260A mice 625:640 The α7E260A mice 625:640 The α7E260A mice exhibit normal inflammatory cell recruitment to the blood in response to i.n. LPS administration. 25803612 7 68 theme cells 1174:1178 arg1 impaired 1205:1212 impaired 1205:1212 impaired 1205:1212 Bone marrow reconstitution experiments demonstrate that the responsiveness of both CD45+ and CD45- cells of the α7E260A mouse are impaired. 25803612 7 68 theme cells 1174:1178 arg1 responsiveness 1135:1148 the responsiveness 1131:1148 the responsiveness of both CD45+ and CD45- cells of the α7E260A mouse 1131:1199 Bone marrow reconstitution experiments demonstrate that the responsiveness of both CD45+ and CD45- cells of the α7E260A mouse are impaired. 25803612 3 69 with pore 497:500 arg1 α7E260A 516:522 α7E260A 516:522 α7E260A 516:522 This was done in mice using homologous recombination to introduce a point mutation in the α7 receptor that replaces the glutamate residue 260 that lines the pore with alanine (α7E260A), which has been implicated in controlling the exceptional calcium ion conductance of this receptor. 25803612 3 69 with pore 497:500 arg1 alanine 507:513 alanine 507:513 alanine (α7E260A) 507:523 This was done in mice using homologous recombination to introduce a point mutation in the α7 receptor that replaces the glutamate residue 260 that lines the pore with alanine (α7E260A), which has been implicated in controlling the exceptional calcium ion conductance of this receptor. 25803612 7 70 theme mouse 1195:1199 arg1 cells 1174:1178 both CD45+ and CD45- cells 1153:1178 both CD45+ and CD45- cells of the α7E260A mouse 1153:1199 Bone marrow reconstitution experiments demonstrate that the responsiveness of both CD45+ and CD45- cells of the α7E260A mouse are impaired. 26983932 6 0 theme 0.5 1391:1393 arg1 % 1394:1394 % 1394:1394 % 1394:1394 In particular, montelukast-loaded oral suspension, an aqueous suspension containing montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin at a concentration of 312/2496/15.6/62.4 (mg/100 ml), and the commercial granules exhibited similar dissolution profiles in 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate. 26983932 1 1 theme bioequivalent 167:179 arg1 suspension 156:165 a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension 116:165 a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats 116:214 To develop a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats, several montelukast sodium-loaded suspensions were prepared with a suspending agent, stabilizers and anti-aggregation agents, and their stabilities were investigated by visually observing the sedimentation phenomenon and determining the concentration of the degradation product. 26983932 4 2 theme excellent 965:973 arg1 activity 987:994 its excellent stabilizing activity 961:994 its excellent stabilizing activity 961:994 Amongst the stabilizers tested, fumaric acid provided the lowest concentration of montelukast sulphoxide (a degradation product) in these suspensions at 40 °C, demonstrating its excellent stabilizing activity. 26983932 7 3 theme commercial 1543:1552 arg1 granules 1554:1561 the commercial granules 1539:1561 the commercial granules 1539:1561 Moreover, the pharmacokinetics in rats provided by this suspension was comparable to that of the commercial granules, suggesting that they were bioequivalent. 26983932 8 4 from stable 1651:1656 arg1 addition 1608:1615 addition 1608:1615 addition 1608:1615 In addition, it was physically and chemically stable at 40 °C for at least 6 months. 26983932 1 5 theme product 487:493 arg1 concentration 454:466 the concentration 450:466 the concentration of the degradation product 450:493 To develop a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats, several montelukast sodium-loaded suspensions were prepared with a suspending agent, stabilizers and anti-aggregation agents, and their stabilities were investigated by visually observing the sedimentation phenomenon and determining the concentration of the degradation product. 26983932 9 6 theme sodium-loaded 1713:1725 arg1 suspension 1732:1741 this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension 1696:1741 this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension 1696:1741 Thus, this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension, with bioequivalence to the commercial granules and excellent stability, could be a prospective dosage form for the treatment of asthma. 26983932 9 6 theme sodium-loaded 1713:1725 arg1 form 1846:1849 a prospective dosage form 1825:1849 a prospective dosage form for the treatment of asthma 1825:1877 Thus, this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension, with bioequivalence to the commercial granules and excellent stability, could be a prospective dosage form for the treatment of asthma. 26983932 6 7 contain containing 1208:1217 arg1 suspension 1197:1206 an aqueous suspension 1186:1206 an aqueous suspension containing montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin at a concentration of 312/2496/15.6/62.4 (mg/100 ml) 1186:1318 In particular, montelukast-loaded oral suspension, an aqueous suspension containing montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin at a concentration of 312/2496/15.6/62.4 (mg/100 ml), and the commercial granules exhibited similar dissolution profiles in 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate. 26983932 6 7 contain containing 1208:1217 arg2 acid/glycerin 1253:1265 montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin 1219:1265 montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin 1219:1265 In particular, montelukast-loaded oral suspension, an aqueous suspension containing montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin at a concentration of 312/2496/15.6/62.4 (mg/100 ml), and the commercial granules exhibited similar dissolution profiles in 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate. 26983932 9 8 theme prospective 1827:1837 arg1 suspension 1732:1741 this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension 1696:1741 this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension 1696:1741 Thus, this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension, with bioequivalence to the commercial granules and excellent stability, could be a prospective dosage form for the treatment of asthma. 26983932 9 8 theme prospective 1827:1837 arg1 form 1846:1849 a prospective dosage form 1825:1849 a prospective dosage form for the treatment of asthma 1825:1877 Thus, this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension, with bioequivalence to the commercial granules and excellent stability, could be a prospective dosage form for the treatment of asthma. 26983932 5 9 theme lower 1054:1058 arg1 amounts 1060:1066 lower amounts 1054:1066 lower amounts of degradation product 1054:1089 Furthermore, as an anti-aggregation agent, glycerin gave lower amounts of degradation product than those with poloxamer 407 and Tween 80. 26983932 5 9 theme lower 1054:1058 arg1 product 1083:1089 degradation product 1071:1089 degradation product 1071:1089 Furthermore, as an anti-aggregation agent, glycerin gave lower amounts of degradation product than those with poloxamer 407 and Tween 80. 26983932 5 9 theme lower 1054:1058 arg1 agent 1033:1037 an anti-aggregation agent 1013:1037 an anti-aggregation agent 1013:1037 Furthermore, as an anti-aggregation agent, glycerin gave lower amounts of degradation product than those with poloxamer 407 and Tween 80. 26983932 6 10 theme dissolution 1367:1377 arg1 profiles 1379:1386 similar dissolution profiles 1359:1386 similar dissolution profiles 1359:1386 In particular, montelukast-loaded oral suspension, an aqueous suspension containing montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin at a concentration of 312/2496/15.6/62.4 (mg/100 ml), and the commercial granules exhibited similar dissolution profiles in 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate. 26983932 4 11 theme fumaric 819:825 arg1 acid 827:830 fumaric acid 819:830 fumaric acid 819:830 Amongst the stabilizers tested, fumaric acid provided the lowest concentration of montelukast sulphoxide (a degradation product) in these suspensions at 40 °C, demonstrating its excellent stabilizing activity. 26983932 1 12 theme suspending 284:293 arg1 agent 295:299 a suspending agent 282:299 a suspending agent 282:299 To develop a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats, several montelukast sodium-loaded suspensions were prepared with a suspending agent, stabilizers and anti-aggregation agents, and their stabilities were investigated by visually observing the sedimentation phenomenon and determining the concentration of the degradation product. 26983932 6 13 theme sulphate 1436:1443 arg1 solution 1410:1417 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution 1391:1417 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate 1391:1443 In particular, montelukast-loaded oral suspension, an aqueous suspension containing montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin at a concentration of 312/2496/15.6/62.4 (mg/100 ml), and the commercial granules exhibited similar dissolution profiles in 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate. 26983932 6 14 theme similar 1359:1365 arg1 profiles 1379:1386 similar dissolution profiles 1359:1386 similar dissolution profiles 1359:1386 In particular, montelukast-loaded oral suspension, an aqueous suspension containing montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin at a concentration of 312/2496/15.6/62.4 (mg/100 ml), and the commercial granules exhibited similar dissolution profiles in 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate. 26983932 9 15 with suspension 1732:1741 arg1 bioequivalence 1749:1762 bioequivalence 1749:1762 bioequivalence to the commercial granules 1749:1789 Thus, this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension, with bioequivalence to the commercial granules and excellent stability, could be a prospective dosage form for the treatment of asthma. 26983932 9 15 with suspension 1732:1741 arg1 stability 1805:1813 excellent stability 1795:1813 excellent stability 1795:1813 Thus, this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension, with bioequivalence to the commercial granules and excellent stability, could be a prospective dosage form for the treatment of asthma. 26983932 6 16 theme lauryl 1429:1434 arg1 sulphate 1436:1443 sodium lauryl sulphate 1422:1443 sodium lauryl sulphate 1422:1443 In particular, montelukast-loaded oral suspension, an aqueous suspension containing montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin at a concentration of 312/2496/15.6/62.4 (mg/100 ml), and the commercial granules exhibited similar dissolution profiles in 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate. 26983932 9 17 theme oral 1727:1730 arg1 suspension 1732:1741 this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension 1696:1741 this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension 1696:1741 Thus, this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension, with bioequivalence to the commercial granules and excellent stability, could be a prospective dosage form for the treatment of asthma. 26983932 9 17 theme oral 1727:1730 arg1 form 1846:1849 a prospective dosage form 1825:1849 a prospective dosage form for the treatment of asthma 1825:1877 Thus, this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension, with bioequivalence to the commercial granules and excellent stability, could be a prospective dosage form for the treatment of asthma. 26983932 9 18 theme commercial 1771:1780 arg1 granules 1782:1789 the commercial granules 1767:1789 the commercial granules 1767:1789 Thus, this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension, with bioequivalence to the commercial granules and excellent stability, could be a prospective dosage form for the treatment of asthma. 26983932 6 19 theme sodium 1422:1427 arg1 sulphate 1436:1443 sodium lauryl sulphate 1422:1443 sodium lauryl sulphate 1422:1443 In particular, montelukast-loaded oral suspension, an aqueous suspension containing montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin at a concentration of 312/2496/15.6/62.4 (mg/100 ml), and the commercial granules exhibited similar dissolution profiles in 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate. 26983932 4 20 theme degradation 895:905 arg1 sulphoxide 881:890 montelukast sulphoxide 869:890 montelukast sulphoxide (a degradation product) 869:914 Amongst the stabilizers tested, fumaric acid provided the lowest concentration of montelukast sulphoxide (a degradation product) in these suspensions at 40 °C, demonstrating its excellent stabilizing activity. 26983932 4 20 theme degradation 895:905 arg1 product 907:913 a degradation product 893:913 a degradation product 893:913 Amongst the stabilizers tested, fumaric acid provided the lowest concentration of montelukast sulphoxide (a degradation product) in these suspensions at 40 °C, demonstrating its excellent stabilizing activity. 26983932 1 21 theme commercial 188:197 arg1 granules 199:206 the commercial granules 184:206 the commercial granules in rats 184:214 To develop a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats, several montelukast sodium-loaded suspensions were prepared with a suspending agent, stabilizers and anti-aggregation agents, and their stabilities were investigated by visually observing the sedimentation phenomenon and determining the concentration of the degradation product. 26983932 6 22 dep % 1394:1394 arg1 w/v 1397:1399 w/v 1397:1399 w/v 1397:1399 In particular, montelukast-loaded oral suspension, an aqueous suspension containing montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin at a concentration of 312/2496/15.6/62.4 (mg/100 ml), and the commercial granules exhibited similar dissolution profiles in 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate. 26983932 1 23 theme sedimentation 409:421 arg1 phenomenon 423:432 the sedimentation phenomenon 405:432 the sedimentation phenomenon 405:432 To develop a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats, several montelukast sodium-loaded suspensions were prepared with a suspending agent, stabilizers and anti-aggregation agents, and their stabilities were investigated by visually observing the sedimentation phenomenon and determining the concentration of the degradation product. 26983932 6 24 theme commercial 1329:1338 arg1 granules 1340:1347 the commercial granules 1325:1347 the commercial granules 1325:1347 In particular, montelukast-loaded oral suspension, an aqueous suspension containing montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin at a concentration of 312/2496/15.6/62.4 (mg/100 ml), and the commercial granules exhibited similar dissolution profiles in 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate. 26983932 2 25 theme formulation 563:573 arg1 dissolution 506:516 dissolution 506:516 dissolution 506:516 Moreover, dissolution and pharmacokinetic studies of the optimized formulation were examined in rats compared to commercial montelukast sodium-loaded granules. 26983932 2 25 theme formulation 563:573 arg1 studies 538:544 pharmacokinetic studies 522:544 pharmacokinetic studies 522:544 Moreover, dissolution and pharmacokinetic studies of the optimized formulation were examined in rats compared to commercial montelukast sodium-loaded granules. 26983932 6 26 theme sodium/Avicel/fumaric 1231:1251 arg1 acid/glycerin 1253:1265 montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin 1219:1265 montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin 1219:1265 In particular, montelukast-loaded oral suspension, an aqueous suspension containing montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin at a concentration of 312/2496/15.6/62.4 (mg/100 ml), and the commercial granules exhibited similar dissolution profiles in 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate. 26983932 0 27 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 montelukast 6:16 Novel montelukast 0:16 Novel montelukast 0:16 Novel montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats. 26983932 3 28 dep >2.496 752:757 arg1 composition 774:784 composition 774:784 >2.496 (w/v) per cent composition 752:784 Avicel RC-591 (Avicel), a suspending agent, prevented the sedimentation of these suspensions at >2.496 (w/v) per cent composition. 26983932 6 29 theme montelukast 1219:1229 arg1 acid/glycerin 1253:1265 montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin 1219:1265 montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin 1219:1265 In particular, montelukast-loaded oral suspension, an aqueous suspension containing montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin at a concentration of 312/2496/15.6/62.4 (mg/100 ml), and the commercial granules exhibited similar dissolution profiles in 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate. 26983932 0 30 theme stable 32:37 arg1 bioequivalent 55:67 stable oral suspension bioequivalent 32:67 stable oral suspension bioequivalent 32:67 Novel montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats. 26983932 2 31 theme montelukast 620:630 arg1 granules 646:653 commercial montelukast sodium-loaded granules 609:653 commercial montelukast sodium-loaded granules 609:653 Moreover, dissolution and pharmacokinetic studies of the optimized formulation were examined in rats compared to commercial montelukast sodium-loaded granules. 26983932 5 32 theme degradation 1071:1081 arg1 product 1083:1089 degradation product 1071:1089 degradation product 1071:1089 Furthermore, as an anti-aggregation agent, glycerin gave lower amounts of degradation product than those with poloxamer 407 and Tween 80. 26983932 9 33 theme montelukast 1701:1711 arg1 suspension 1732:1741 this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension 1696:1741 this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension 1696:1741 Thus, this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension, with bioequivalence to the commercial granules and excellent stability, could be a prospective dosage form for the treatment of asthma. 26983932 9 33 theme montelukast 1701:1711 arg1 form 1846:1849 a prospective dosage form 1825:1849 a prospective dosage form for the treatment of asthma 1825:1877 Thus, this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension, with bioequivalence to the commercial granules and excellent stability, could be a prospective dosage form for the treatment of asthma. 26983932 2 34 theme commercial 609:618 arg1 granules 646:653 commercial montelukast sodium-loaded granules 609:653 commercial montelukast sodium-loaded granules 609:653 Moreover, dissolution and pharmacokinetic studies of the optimized formulation were examined in rats compared to commercial montelukast sodium-loaded granules. 26983932 8 35 from addition 1608:1615 arg1 stable 1651:1656 stable 1651:1656 stable 1651:1656 In addition, it was physically and chemically stable at 40 °C for at least 6 months. 26983932 6 36 theme oral 1169:1172 arg1 suspension 1174:1183 montelukast-loaded oral suspension 1150:1183 montelukast-loaded oral suspension 1150:1183 In particular, montelukast-loaded oral suspension, an aqueous suspension containing montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin at a concentration of 312/2496/15.6/62.4 (mg/100 ml), and the commercial granules exhibited similar dissolution profiles in 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate. 26983932 0 37 theme suspension 44:53 arg1 bioequivalent 55:67 stable oral suspension bioequivalent 32:67 stable oral suspension bioequivalent 32:67 Novel montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats. 26983932 1 38 theme anti-aggregation 318:333 arg1 agents 335:340 anti-aggregation agents 318:340 anti-aggregation agents 318:340 To develop a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats, several montelukast sodium-loaded suspensions were prepared with a suspending agent, stabilizers and anti-aggregation agents, and their stabilities were investigated by visually observing the sedimentation phenomenon and determining the concentration of the degradation product. 26983932 6 39 theme aqueous 1402:1408 arg1 solution 1410:1417 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution 1391:1417 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate 1391:1443 In particular, montelukast-loaded oral suspension, an aqueous suspension containing montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin at a concentration of 312/2496/15.6/62.4 (mg/100 ml), and the commercial granules exhibited similar dissolution profiles in 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate. 26983932 0 40 from granules 87:94 arg1 rats 99:102 rats 99:102 rats 99:102 Novel montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats. 26983932 4 41 theme sulphoxide 881:890 arg1 concentration 852:864 the lowest concentration 841:864 the lowest concentration of montelukast sulphoxide (a degradation product) in these suspensions 841:935 Amongst the stabilizers tested, fumaric acid provided the lowest concentration of montelukast sulphoxide (a degradation product) in these suspensions at 40 °C, demonstrating its excellent stabilizing activity. 26983932 7 42 from pharmacokinetics 1460:1475 arg1 rats 1480:1483 rats 1480:1483 rats provided by this suspension 1480:1511 Moreover, the pharmacokinetics in rats provided by this suspension was comparable to that of the commercial granules, suggesting that they were bioequivalent. 26983932 1 43 theme several 217:223 arg1 suspensions 251:261 several montelukast sodium-loaded suspensions 217:261 several montelukast sodium-loaded suspensions 217:261 To develop a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats, several montelukast sodium-loaded suspensions were prepared with a suspending agent, stabilizers and anti-aggregation agents, and their stabilities were investigated by visually observing the sedimentation phenomenon and determining the concentration of the degradation product. 26983932 0 44 theme oral 39:42 arg1 bioequivalent 55:67 stable oral suspension bioequivalent 32:67 stable oral suspension bioequivalent 32:67 Novel montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats. 26983932 2 45 theme pharmacokinetic 522:536 arg1 studies 538:544 pharmacokinetic studies 522:544 pharmacokinetic studies 522:544 Moreover, dissolution and pharmacokinetic studies of the optimized formulation were examined in rats compared to commercial montelukast sodium-loaded granules. 26983932 4 46 theme montelukast 869:879 arg1 sulphoxide 881:890 montelukast sulphoxide 869:890 montelukast sulphoxide (a degradation product) 869:914 Amongst the stabilizers tested, fumaric acid provided the lowest concentration of montelukast sulphoxide (a degradation product) in these suspensions at 40 °C, demonstrating its excellent stabilizing activity. 26983932 4 46 theme montelukast 869:879 arg1 product 907:913 a degradation product 893:913 a degradation product 893:913 Amongst the stabilizers tested, fumaric acid provided the lowest concentration of montelukast sulphoxide (a degradation product) in these suspensions at 40 °C, demonstrating its excellent stabilizing activity. 26983932 1 47 theme montelukast 225:235 arg1 suspensions 251:261 several montelukast sodium-loaded suspensions 217:261 several montelukast sodium-loaded suspensions 217:261 To develop a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats, several montelukast sodium-loaded suspensions were prepared with a suspending agent, stabilizers and anti-aggregation agents, and their stabilities were investigated by visually observing the sedimentation phenomenon and determining the concentration of the degradation product. 26983932 4 48 theme a 893:893 arg1 sulphoxide 881:890 montelukast sulphoxide 869:890 montelukast sulphoxide (a degradation product) 869:914 Amongst the stabilizers tested, fumaric acid provided the lowest concentration of montelukast sulphoxide (a degradation product) in these suspensions at 40 °C, demonstrating its excellent stabilizing activity. 26983932 4 48 theme a 893:893 arg1 product 907:913 a degradation product 893:913 a degradation product 893:913 Amongst the stabilizers tested, fumaric acid provided the lowest concentration of montelukast sulphoxide (a degradation product) in these suspensions at 40 °C, demonstrating its excellent stabilizing activity. 26983932 9 49 theme excellent 1795:1803 arg1 stability 1805:1813 excellent stability 1795:1813 excellent stability 1795:1813 Thus, this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension, with bioequivalence to the commercial granules and excellent stability, could be a prospective dosage form for the treatment of asthma. 26983932 6 50 theme aqueous 1189:1195 arg1 suspension 1197:1206 an aqueous suspension 1186:1206 an aqueous suspension containing montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin at a concentration of 312/2496/15.6/62.4 (mg/100 ml) 1186:1318 In particular, montelukast-loaded oral suspension, an aqueous suspension containing montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin at a concentration of 312/2496/15.6/62.4 (mg/100 ml), and the commercial granules exhibited similar dissolution profiles in 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate. 26983932 8 51 from °C 1664:1665 arg1 stable 1651:1656 stable 1651:1656 stable 1651:1656 In addition, it was physically and chemically stable at 40 °C for at least 6 months. 26983932 4 52 theme stabilizing 975:985 arg1 activity 987:994 its excellent stabilizing activity 961:994 its excellent stabilizing activity 961:994 Amongst the stabilizers tested, fumaric acid provided the lowest concentration of montelukast sulphoxide (a degradation product) in these suspensions at 40 °C, demonstrating its excellent stabilizing activity. 26983932 3 53 theme suspensions 737:747 arg1 sedimentation 714:726 the sedimentation 710:726 the sedimentation of these suspensions 710:747 Avicel RC-591 (Avicel), a suspending agent, prevented the sedimentation of these suspensions at >2.496 (w/v) per cent composition. 26983932 1 54 theme montelukast 118:128 arg1 suspension 156:165 a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension 116:165 a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats 116:214 To develop a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats, several montelukast sodium-loaded suspensions were prepared with a suspending agent, stabilizers and anti-aggregation agents, and their stabilities were investigated by visually observing the sedimentation phenomenon and determining the concentration of the degradation product. 26983932 6 55 theme % 1394:1394 arg1 solution 1410:1417 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution 1391:1417 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate 1391:1443 In particular, montelukast-loaded oral suspension, an aqueous suspension containing montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin at a concentration of 312/2496/15.6/62.4 (mg/100 ml), and the commercial granules exhibited similar dissolution profiles in 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate. 26983932 4 56 theme lowest 845:850 arg1 concentration 852:864 the lowest concentration 841:864 the lowest concentration of montelukast sulphoxide (a degradation product) in these suspensions 841:935 Amongst the stabilizers tested, fumaric acid provided the lowest concentration of montelukast sulphoxide (a degradation product) in these suspensions at 40 °C, demonstrating its excellent stabilizing activity. 26983932 3 57 theme suspending 682:691 arg1 Avicel 656:661 Avicel RC-591 656:668 Avicel RC-591 (Avicel) 656:677 Avicel RC-591 (Avicel), a suspending agent, prevented the sedimentation of these suspensions at >2.496 (w/v) per cent composition. 26983932 3 57 theme suspending 682:691 arg1 agent 693:697 a suspending agent 680:697 a suspending agent 680:697 Avicel RC-591 (Avicel), a suspending agent, prevented the sedimentation of these suspensions at >2.496 (w/v) per cent composition. 26983932 5 58 theme product 1083:1089 arg1 amounts 1060:1066 lower amounts 1054:1066 lower amounts of degradation product 1054:1089 Furthermore, as an anti-aggregation agent, glycerin gave lower amounts of degradation product than those with poloxamer 407 and Tween 80. 26983932 5 58 theme product 1083:1089 arg1 product 1083:1089 degradation product 1071:1089 degradation product 1071:1089 Furthermore, as an anti-aggregation agent, glycerin gave lower amounts of degradation product than those with poloxamer 407 and Tween 80. 26983932 5 58 theme product 1083:1089 arg1 agent 1033:1037 an anti-aggregation agent 1013:1037 an anti-aggregation agent 1013:1037 Furthermore, as an anti-aggregation agent, glycerin gave lower amounts of degradation product than those with poloxamer 407 and Tween 80. 26983932 1 59 theme sodium-loaded 130:142 arg1 suspension 156:165 a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension 116:165 a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats 116:214 To develop a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats, several montelukast sodium-loaded suspensions were prepared with a suspending agent, stabilizers and anti-aggregation agents, and their stabilities were investigated by visually observing the sedimentation phenomenon and determining the concentration of the degradation product. 26983932 1 60 theme sodium-loaded 237:249 arg1 suspensions 251:261 several montelukast sodium-loaded suspensions 217:261 several montelukast sodium-loaded suspensions 217:261 To develop a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats, several montelukast sodium-loaded suspensions were prepared with a suspending agent, stabilizers and anti-aggregation agents, and their stabilities were investigated by visually observing the sedimentation phenomenon and determining the concentration of the degradation product. 26983932 2 61 theme sodium-loaded 632:644 arg1 granules 646:653 commercial montelukast sodium-loaded granules 609:653 commercial montelukast sodium-loaded granules 609:653 Moreover, dissolution and pharmacokinetic studies of the optimized formulation were examined in rats compared to commercial montelukast sodium-loaded granules. 26983932 5 62 theme anti-aggregation 1016:1031 arg1 amounts 1060:1066 lower amounts 1054:1066 lower amounts of degradation product 1054:1089 Furthermore, as an anti-aggregation agent, glycerin gave lower amounts of degradation product than those with poloxamer 407 and Tween 80. 26983932 5 62 theme anti-aggregation 1016:1031 arg1 agent 1033:1037 an anti-aggregation agent 1013:1037 an anti-aggregation agent 1013:1037 Furthermore, as an anti-aggregation agent, glycerin gave lower amounts of degradation product than those with poloxamer 407 and Tween 80. 26983932 5 62 theme anti-aggregation 1016:1031 arg1 product 1083:1089 degradation product 1071:1089 degradation product 1071:1089 Furthermore, as an anti-aggregation agent, glycerin gave lower amounts of degradation product than those with poloxamer 407 and Tween 80. 26983932 1 63 from granules 199:206 arg1 rats 211:214 rats 211:214 rats 211:214 To develop a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats, several montelukast sodium-loaded suspensions were prepared with a suspending agent, stabilizers and anti-aggregation agents, and their stabilities were investigated by visually observing the sedimentation phenomenon and determining the concentration of the degradation product. 26983932 1 64 theme stable 144:149 arg1 suspension 156:165 a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension 116:165 a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats 116:214 To develop a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats, several montelukast sodium-loaded suspensions were prepared with a suspending agent, stabilizers and anti-aggregation agents, and their stabilities were investigated by visually observing the sedimentation phenomenon and determining the concentration of the degradation product. 26983932 0 65 theme commercial 76:85 arg1 granules 87:94 the commercial granules 72:94 the commercial granules in rats 72:102 Novel montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats. 26983932 1 66 theme degradation 475:485 arg1 product 487:493 the degradation product 471:493 the degradation product 471:493 To develop a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats, several montelukast sodium-loaded suspensions were prepared with a suspending agent, stabilizers and anti-aggregation agents, and their stabilities were investigated by visually observing the sedimentation phenomenon and determining the concentration of the degradation product. 26983932 6 67 theme 312/2496/15.6/62.4 1289:1306 arg1 concentration 1272:1284 a concentration 1270:1284 a concentration of 312/2496/15.6/62.4 (mg/100 ml) 1270:1318 In particular, montelukast-loaded oral suspension, an aqueous suspension containing montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin at a concentration of 312/2496/15.6/62.4 (mg/100 ml), and the commercial granules exhibited similar dissolution profiles in 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate. 26983932 4 68 from concentration 852:864 arg1 suspensions 925:935 these suspensions 919:935 these suspensions 919:935 Amongst the stabilizers tested, fumaric acid provided the lowest concentration of montelukast sulphoxide (a degradation product) in these suspensions at 40 °C, demonstrating its excellent stabilizing activity. 26983932 1 69 theme oral 151:154 arg1 suspension 156:165 a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension 116:165 a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats 116:214 To develop a montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats, several montelukast sodium-loaded suspensions were prepared with a suspending agent, stabilizers and anti-aggregation agents, and their stabilities were investigated by visually observing the sedimentation phenomenon and determining the concentration of the degradation product. 26983932 2 70 theme optimized 553:561 arg1 formulation 563:573 the optimized formulation 549:573 the optimized formulation 549:573 Moreover, dissolution and pharmacokinetic studies of the optimized formulation were examined in rats compared to commercial montelukast sodium-loaded granules. 26983932 9 71 theme asthma 1872:1877 arg1 treatment 1859:1867 the treatment 1855:1867 the treatment of asthma 1855:1877 Thus, this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension, with bioequivalence to the commercial granules and excellent stability, could be a prospective dosage form for the treatment of asthma. 26983932 6 72 theme montelukast-loaded 1150:1167 arg1 suspension 1174:1183 montelukast-loaded oral suspension 1150:1183 montelukast-loaded oral suspension 1150:1183 In particular, montelukast-loaded oral suspension, an aqueous suspension containing montelukast sodium/Avicel/fumaric acid/glycerin at a concentration of 312/2496/15.6/62.4 (mg/100 ml), and the commercial granules exhibited similar dissolution profiles in 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate. 26983932 9 73 theme dosage 1839:1844 arg1 suspension 1732:1741 this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension 1696:1741 this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension 1696:1741 Thus, this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension, with bioequivalence to the commercial granules and excellent stability, could be a prospective dosage form for the treatment of asthma. 26983932 9 73 theme dosage 1839:1844 arg1 form 1846:1849 a prospective dosage form 1825:1849 a prospective dosage form for the treatment of asthma 1825:1877 Thus, this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension, with bioequivalence to the commercial granules and excellent stability, could be a prospective dosage form for the treatment of asthma. 25484353 8 0 theme receptors 1605:1613 arg1 expression 1554:1563 the expression 1550:1563 the expression of dopamine, opioid and endocannabinoid receptors in the nucleus accumbens 1550:1638 This was not observed in NF-fed mice, but 2h-intermittent access to SSW stimulated the expression of dopamine, opioid and endocannabinoid receptors in the nucleus accumbens compared to water-access. 25484353 6 1 theme caloric 1025:1031 arg1 intake 1033:1038 caloric intake 1025:1038 caloric intake 1025:1038 Continuous SSW access induced weight gain whatever the diet and led to greater caloric intake than mice drinking water in NF-fed mice and in the first three weeks in HF-fed mice. 25484353 7 2 from hypothalamus 1453:1464 arg1 POMC 1441:1444 POMC 1441:1444 POMC 1441:1444 In HF-fed mice, 2h-intermittent access to SSW induced a greater body weight gain than mice drinking water, and led to hyperphagia on the HF diet when SSW was accessible compared to days without SSW 2h-access (leading to greater overall caloric intake), possibly through inactivation of the anorexigenic neuropeptide POMC in the hypothalamus. 25484353 6 3 theme NF-fed 1068:1073 arg1 mice 1075:1078 NF-fed mice 1068:1078 NF-fed mice 1068:1078 Continuous SSW access induced weight gain whatever the diet and led to greater caloric intake than mice drinking water in NF-fed mice and in the first three weeks in HF-fed mice. 25484353 1 4 theme animal 242:247 arg1 models 249:254 animal models 242:254 animal models 242:254 Intake of sodas has been shown to increase energy intake and to contribute to obesity in humans and in animal models, although the magnitude and importance of these effects are still debated. 25484353 8 5 located observed 1480:1487 arg1 mice 1499:1502 NF-fed mice 1492:1502 NF-fed mice 1492:1502 This was not observed in NF-fed mice, but 2h-intermittent access to SSW stimulated the expression of dopamine, opioid and endocannabinoid receptors in the nucleus accumbens compared to water-access. 25484353 8 5 located observed 1480:1487 arg2 This 1467:1470 This 1467:1470 This 1467:1470 This was not observed in NF-fed mice, but 2h-intermittent access to SSW stimulated the expression of dopamine, opioid and endocannabinoid receptors in the nucleus accumbens compared to water-access. 25484353 7 6 theme weight 1194:1199 arg1 gain 1201:1204 a greater body weight gain 1179:1204 a greater body weight gain 1179:1204 In HF-fed mice, 2h-intermittent access to SSW induced a greater body weight gain than mice drinking water, and led to hyperphagia on the HF diet when SSW was accessible compared to days without SSW 2h-access (leading to greater overall caloric intake), possibly through inactivation of the anorexigenic neuropeptide POMC in the hypothalamus. 25484353 9 7 contain has 1876:1878 arg1 regulation 1848:1857 food intake regulation 1836:1857 food intake regulation 1836:1857 In conclusion, in mice, a sucrose solution provided 2h-intermittently and a high-fat diet have combined effects on peripheral and central homeostatic systems involved in food intake regulation, a finding which has significant implications for human obesity. 25484353 9 7 contain has 1876:1878 arg1 finding 1862:1868 a finding 1860:1868 a finding which has significant implications for human obesity 1860:1921 In conclusion, in mice, a sucrose solution provided 2h-intermittently and a high-fat diet have combined effects on peripheral and central homeostatic systems involved in food intake regulation, a finding which has significant implications for human obesity. 25484353 9 7 contain has 1876:1878 arg2 implications 1892:1903 significant implications 1880:1903 significant implications for human obesity 1880:1921 In conclusion, in mice, a sucrose solution provided 2h-intermittently and a high-fat diet have combined effects on peripheral and central homeostatic systems involved in food intake regulation, a finding which has significant implications for human obesity. 25484353 9 8 theme human 1909:1913 arg1 obesity 1915:1921 human obesity 1909:1921 human obesity 1909:1921 In conclusion, in mice, a sucrose solution provided 2h-intermittently and a high-fat diet have combined effects on peripheral and central homeostatic systems involved in food intake regulation, a finding which has significant implications for human obesity. 25484353 4 9 theme random 848:853 arg1 days/week 855:863 only 5 random days/week 841:863 only 5 random days/week 841:863 NF-fed and HF-fed mice received during 5weeks access to water, to SSW continuously for 7.5h (SSW), or to water plus SSW for 2h (randomly-chosen time slot for only 5 random days/week) (SSW-2h). 25484353 7 10 theme greater 1181:1187 arg1 gain 1201:1204 a greater body weight gain 1179:1204 a greater body weight gain 1179:1204 In HF-fed mice, 2h-intermittent access to SSW induced a greater body weight gain than mice drinking water, and led to hyperphagia on the HF diet when SSW was accessible compared to days without SSW 2h-access (leading to greater overall caloric intake), possibly through inactivation of the anorexigenic neuropeptide POMC in the hypothalamus. 25484353 6 11 dep induced 968:974 arg1 diet 1001:1004 the diet 997:1004 the diet 997:1004 Continuous SSW access induced weight gain whatever the diet and led to greater caloric intake than mice drinking water in NF-fed mice and in the first three weeks in HF-fed mice. 25484353 6 12 theme SSW 957:959 arg1 access 961:966 Continuous SSW access 946:966 Continuous SSW access 946:966 Continuous SSW access induced weight gain whatever the diet and led to greater caloric intake than mice drinking water in NF-fed mice and in the first three weeks in HF-fed mice. 25484353 0 13 theme high-fat 120:127 arg1 mice 133:136 control or high-fat fed mice 109:136 control or high-fat fed mice 109:136 Intermittent access to liquid sucrose differentially modulates energy intake and related central pathways in control or high-fat fed mice. 25484353 8 14 theme NF-fed 1492:1497 arg1 mice 1499:1502 NF-fed mice 1492:1502 NF-fed mice 1492:1502 This was not observed in NF-fed mice, but 2h-intermittent access to SSW stimulated the expression of dopamine, opioid and endocannabinoid receptors in the nucleus accumbens compared to water-access. 25484353 7 15 from hyperphagia 1243:1253 arg1 diet 1265:1268 the HF diet 1258:1268 the HF diet 1258:1268 In HF-fed mice, 2h-intermittent access to SSW induced a greater body weight gain than mice drinking water, and led to hyperphagia on the HF diet when SSW was accessible compared to days without SSW 2h-access (leading to greater overall caloric intake), possibly through inactivation of the anorexigenic neuropeptide POMC in the hypothalamus. 25484353 7 16 theme 2h-intermittent 1141:1155 arg1 access 1157:1162 2h-intermittent access 1141:1162 2h-intermittent access to SSW 1141:1169 In HF-fed mice, 2h-intermittent access to SSW induced a greater body weight gain than mice drinking water, and led to hyperphagia on the HF diet when SSW was accessible compared to days without SSW 2h-access (leading to greater overall caloric intake), possibly through inactivation of the anorexigenic neuropeptide POMC in the hypothalamus. 25484353 3 17 theme scheduled 658:666 arg1 access 668:673 a scheduled access 656:673 a scheduled access (7.5h) 656:680 We studied two different accesses to a sucrose-sweetened water (SSW, 12.3%, a concentration similar to that usually found in sugar sweetened beverages) in C57BL/6 mice fed a normal-fat (NF) or a high-fat (HF) diet in a scheduled access (7.5h). 25484353 3 17 theme scheduled 658:666 arg1 7.5h 676:679 7.5h 676:679 7.5h 676:679 We studied two different accesses to a sucrose-sweetened water (SSW, 12.3%, a concentration similar to that usually found in sugar sweetened beverages) in C57BL/6 mice fed a normal-fat (NF) or a high-fat (HF) diet in a scheduled access (7.5h). 25484353 8 18 theme 2h-intermittent 1509:1523 arg1 access 1525:1530 2h-intermittent access 1509:1530 2h-intermittent access to SSW 1509:1537 This was not observed in NF-fed mice, but 2h-intermittent access to SSW stimulated the expression of dopamine, opioid and endocannabinoid receptors in the nucleus accumbens compared to water-access. 25484353 7 19 theme overall 1353:1359 arg1 intake 1369:1374 greater overall caloric intake 1345:1374 greater overall caloric intake 1345:1374 In HF-fed mice, 2h-intermittent access to SSW induced a greater body weight gain than mice drinking water, and led to hyperphagia on the HF diet when SSW was accessible compared to days without SSW 2h-access (leading to greater overall caloric intake), possibly through inactivation of the anorexigenic neuropeptide POMC in the hypothalamus. 25484353 8 20 from expression 1554:1563 arg1 accumbens 1630:1638 the nucleus accumbens 1618:1638 the nucleus accumbens 1618:1638 This was not observed in NF-fed mice, but 2h-intermittent access to SSW stimulated the expression of dopamine, opioid and endocannabinoid receptors in the nucleus accumbens compared to water-access. 25484353 4 21 dep 2h 807:808 arg1 slot 832:835 randomly-chosen time slot 811:835 randomly-chosen time slot for only 5 random days/week 811:863 NF-fed and HF-fed mice received during 5weeks access to water, to SSW continuously for 7.5h (SSW), or to water plus SSW for 2h (randomly-chosen time slot for only 5 random days/week) (SSW-2h). 25484353 3 22 theme sweetened 570:578 arg1 beverages 580:588 sugar sweetened beverages 564:588 sugar sweetened beverages 564:588 We studied two different accesses to a sucrose-sweetened water (SSW, 12.3%, a concentration similar to that usually found in sugar sweetened beverages) in C57BL/6 mice fed a normal-fat (NF) or a high-fat (HF) diet in a scheduled access (7.5h). 25484353 4 23 theme time 827:830 arg1 slot 832:835 randomly-chosen time slot 811:835 randomly-chosen time slot for only 5 random days/week 811:863 NF-fed and HF-fed mice received during 5weeks access to water, to SSW continuously for 7.5h (SSW), or to water plus SSW for 2h (randomly-chosen time slot for only 5 random days/week) (SSW-2h). 25484353 0 24 theme related 81:87 arg1 pathways 97:104 related central pathways 81:104 related central pathways 81:104 Intermittent access to liquid sucrose differentially modulates energy intake and related central pathways in control or high-fat fed mice. 25484353 7 25 theme SSW 1319:1321 arg1 2h-access 1323:1331 SSW 2h-access 1319:1331 SSW 2h-access (leading to greater overall caloric intake) 1319:1375 In HF-fed mice, 2h-intermittent access to SSW induced a greater body weight gain than mice drinking water, and led to hyperphagia on the HF diet when SSW was accessible compared to days without SSW 2h-access (leading to greater overall caloric intake), possibly through inactivation of the anorexigenic neuropeptide POMC in the hypothalamus. 25484353 9 26 theme combined 1761:1768 arg1 effects 1770:1776 combined effects 1761:1776 combined effects 1761:1776 In conclusion, in mice, a sucrose solution provided 2h-intermittently and a high-fat diet have combined effects on peripheral and central homeostatic systems involved in food intake regulation, a finding which has significant implications for human obesity. 25484353 8 27 theme dopamine 1568:1575 arg1 receptors 1605:1613 dopamine, opioid and endocannabinoid receptors 1568:1613 receptors 1605:1613 This was not observed in NF-fed mice, but 2h-intermittent access to SSW stimulated the expression of dopamine, opioid and endocannabinoid receptors in the nucleus accumbens compared to water-access. 25484353 2 28 theme sweetened 357:365 arg1 beverages 367:375 sugar sweetened beverages 351:375 sugar sweetened beverages 351:375 Moreover, intake of sugar sweetened beverages is often associated with high-fat food consumption in humans. 25484353 3 29 dep normal-fat 613:622 arg1 diet 648:651 diet 648:651 diet 648:651 We studied two different accesses to a sucrose-sweetened water (SSW, 12.3%, a concentration similar to that usually found in sugar sweetened beverages) in C57BL/6 mice fed a normal-fat (NF) or a high-fat (HF) diet in a scheduled access (7.5h). 25484353 5 30 theme HF-fed 916:921 arg1 mice 923:926 HF-fed mice 916:926 HF-fed mice 916:926 Mouse preference for SSW was greater in HF-fed mice than NF-fed mice. 25484353 8 31 theme opioid 1578:1583 arg1 receptors 1605:1613 dopamine, opioid and endocannabinoid receptors 1568:1613 receptors 1605:1613 This was not observed in NF-fed mice, but 2h-intermittent access to SSW stimulated the expression of dopamine, opioid and endocannabinoid receptors in the nucleus accumbens compared to water-access. 25484353 7 32 theme neuropeptide 1428:1439 arg1 inactivation 1395:1406 inactivation 1395:1406 inactivation of the anorexigenic neuropeptide POMC in the hypothalamus 1395:1464 In HF-fed mice, 2h-intermittent access to SSW induced a greater body weight gain than mice drinking water, and led to hyperphagia on the HF diet when SSW was accessible compared to days without SSW 2h-access (leading to greater overall caloric intake), possibly through inactivation of the anorexigenic neuropeptide POMC in the hypothalamus. 25484353 0 33 theme Intermittent 0:11 arg1 access 13:18 Intermittent access 0:18 Intermittent access to liquid sucrose 0:36 Intermittent access to liquid sucrose differentially modulates energy intake and related central pathways in control or high-fat fed mice. 25484353 8 34 theme endocannabinoid 1589:1603 arg1 receptors 1605:1613 dopamine, opioid and endocannabinoid receptors 1568:1613 receptors 1605:1613 This was not observed in NF-fed mice, but 2h-intermittent access to SSW stimulated the expression of dopamine, opioid and endocannabinoid receptors in the nucleus accumbens compared to water-access. 25484353 2 35 theme high-fat 402:409 arg1 consumption 416:426 high-fat food consumption 402:426 high-fat food consumption in humans 402:436 Moreover, intake of sugar sweetened beverages is often associated with high-fat food consumption in humans. 25484353 9 36 theme homeostatic 1804:1814 arg1 systems 1816:1822 peripheral and central homeostatic systems 1781:1822 peripheral and central homeostatic systems involved in food intake regulation, a finding which has significant implications for human obesity 1781:1921 In conclusion, in mice, a sucrose solution provided 2h-intermittently and a high-fat diet have combined effects on peripheral and central homeostatic systems involved in food intake regulation, a finding which has significant implications for human obesity. 25484353 3 37 dep water 496:500 arg1 SSW 503:505 SSW 503:505 SSW 503:505 We studied two different accesses to a sucrose-sweetened water (SSW, 12.3%, a concentration similar to that usually found in sugar sweetened beverages) in C57BL/6 mice fed a normal-fat (NF) or a high-fat (HF) diet in a scheduled access (7.5h). 25484353 3 37 dep water 496:500 arg1 % 512:512 12.3% 508:512 12.3% 508:512 We studied two different accesses to a sucrose-sweetened water (SSW, 12.3%, a concentration similar to that usually found in sugar sweetened beverages) in C57BL/6 mice fed a normal-fat (NF) or a high-fat (HF) diet in a scheduled access (7.5h). 25484353 3 37 dep water 496:500 arg1 concentration 517:529 a concentration 515:529 a concentration similar to that usually found in sugar sweetened beverages 515:588 We studied two different accesses to a sucrose-sweetened water (SSW, 12.3%, a concentration similar to that usually found in sugar sweetened beverages) in C57BL/6 mice fed a normal-fat (NF) or a high-fat (HF) diet in a scheduled access (7.5h). 25484353 3 38 theme C57BL/6 594:600 arg1 mice 602:605 C57BL/6 mice 594:605 C57BL/6 mice fed a normal-fat (NF) or a high-fat (HF) diet 594:651 We studied two different accesses to a sucrose-sweetened water (SSW, 12.3%, a concentration similar to that usually found in sugar sweetened beverages) in C57BL/6 mice fed a normal-fat (NF) or a high-fat (HF) diet in a scheduled access (7.5h). 25484353 9 39 theme food 1836:1839 arg1 regulation 1848:1857 food intake regulation 1836:1857 food intake regulation 1836:1857 In conclusion, in mice, a sucrose solution provided 2h-intermittently and a high-fat diet have combined effects on peripheral and central homeostatic systems involved in food intake regulation, a finding which has significant implications for human obesity. 25484353 9 39 theme food 1836:1839 arg1 finding 1862:1868 a finding 1860:1868 a finding which has significant implications for human obesity 1860:1921 In conclusion, in mice, a sucrose solution provided 2h-intermittently and a high-fat diet have combined effects on peripheral and central homeostatic systems involved in food intake regulation, a finding which has significant implications for human obesity. 25484353 3 40 theme different 454:462 arg1 accesses 464:471 two different accesses 450:471 two different accesses to a sucrose-sweetened water (SSW, 12.3%, a concentration similar to that usually found in sugar sweetened beverages) in C57BL/6 mice fed a normal-fat (NF) or a high-fat (HF) diet 450:651 We studied two different accesses to a sucrose-sweetened water (SSW, 12.3%, a concentration similar to that usually found in sugar sweetened beverages) in C57BL/6 mice fed a normal-fat (NF) or a high-fat (HF) diet in a scheduled access (7.5h). 25484353 6 41 from weeks 1103:1107 arg1 mice 1119:1122 HF-fed mice 1112:1122 HF-fed mice 1112:1122 Continuous SSW access induced weight gain whatever the diet and led to greater caloric intake than mice drinking water in NF-fed mice and in the first three weeks in HF-fed mice. 25484353 2 42 theme beverages 367:375 arg1 intake 341:346 intake 341:346 intake of sugar sweetened beverages 341:375 Moreover, intake of sugar sweetened beverages is often associated with high-fat food consumption in humans. 25484353 3 43 theme sucrose-sweetened 478:494 arg1 water 496:500 a sucrose-sweetened water 476:500 a sucrose-sweetened water (SSW, 12.3%, a concentration similar to that usually found in sugar sweetened beverages) 476:589 We studied two different accesses to a sucrose-sweetened water (SSW, 12.3%, a concentration similar to that usually found in sugar sweetened beverages) in C57BL/6 mice fed a normal-fat (NF) or a high-fat (HF) diet in a scheduled access (7.5h). 25484353 5 44 theme NF-fed 933:938 arg1 mice 940:943 NF-fed mice 933:943 NF-fed mice 933:943 Mouse preference for SSW was greater in HF-fed mice than NF-fed mice. 25484353 9 45 theme significant 1880:1890 arg1 implications 1892:1903 significant implications 1880:1903 significant implications for human obesity 1880:1921 In conclusion, in mice, a sucrose solution provided 2h-intermittently and a high-fat diet have combined effects on peripheral and central homeostatic systems involved in food intake regulation, a finding which has significant implications for human obesity. 25484353 8 46 theme nucleus 1622:1628 arg1 accumbens 1630:1638 the nucleus accumbens 1618:1638 the nucleus accumbens 1618:1638 This was not observed in NF-fed mice, but 2h-intermittent access to SSW stimulated the expression of dopamine, opioid and endocannabinoid receptors in the nucleus accumbens compared to water-access. 25484353 4 47 theme 5weeks 722:727 arg1 access 729:734 5weeks access 722:734 5weeks access to water, to SSW continuously for 7.5h (SSW), or to water plus SSW for 2h (randomly-chosen time slot for only 5 random days/week) (SSW-2h) 722:873 NF-fed and HF-fed mice received during 5weeks access to water, to SSW continuously for 7.5h (SSW), or to water plus SSW for 2h (randomly-chosen time slot for only 5 random days/week) (SSW-2h). 25484353 6 48 theme weight 976:981 arg1 gain 983:986 weight gain 976:986 weight gain 976:986 Continuous SSW access induced weight gain whatever the diet and led to greater caloric intake than mice drinking water in NF-fed mice and in the first three weeks in HF-fed mice. 25484353 3 49 dep that 542:545 arg1 found 555:559 found 555:559 usually found in sugar sweetened beverages 547:588 We studied two different accesses to a sucrose-sweetened water (SSW, 12.3%, a concentration similar to that usually found in sugar sweetened beverages) in C57BL/6 mice fed a normal-fat (NF) or a high-fat (HF) diet in a scheduled access (7.5h). 25484353 7 50 theme body 1189:1192 arg1 gain 1201:1204 a greater body weight gain 1179:1204 a greater body weight gain 1179:1204 In HF-fed mice, 2h-intermittent access to SSW induced a greater body weight gain than mice drinking water, and led to hyperphagia on the HF diet when SSW was accessible compared to days without SSW 2h-access (leading to greater overall caloric intake), possibly through inactivation of the anorexigenic neuropeptide POMC in the hypothalamus. 25484353 0 51 theme fed 129:131 arg1 mice 133:136 control or high-fat fed mice 109:136 control or high-fat fed mice 109:136 Intermittent access to liquid sucrose differentially modulates energy intake and related central pathways in control or high-fat fed mice. 25484353 3 52 from accesses 464:471 arg1 mice 602:605 C57BL/6 mice 594:605 C57BL/6 mice fed a normal-fat (NF) or a high-fat (HF) diet 594:651 We studied two different accesses to a sucrose-sweetened water (SSW, 12.3%, a concentration similar to that usually found in sugar sweetened beverages) in C57BL/6 mice fed a normal-fat (NF) or a high-fat (HF) diet in a scheduled access (7.5h). 25484353 9 53 dep diet 1751:1754 arg1 have 1756:1759 have 1756:1759 have combined effects on peripheral and central homeostatic systems involved in food intake regulation, a finding which has significant implications for human obesity 1756:1921 In conclusion, in mice, a sucrose solution provided 2h-intermittently and a high-fat diet have combined effects on peripheral and central homeostatic systems involved in food intake regulation, a finding which has significant implications for human obesity. 25484353 1 54 theme energy 182:187 arg1 intake 189:194 energy intake 182:194 energy intake 182:194 Intake of sodas has been shown to increase energy intake and to contribute to obesity in humans and in animal models, although the magnitude and importance of these effects are still debated. 25484353 6 55 theme Continuous 946:955 arg1 access 961:966 Continuous SSW access 946:966 Continuous SSW access 946:966 Continuous SSW access induced weight gain whatever the diet and led to greater caloric intake than mice drinking water in NF-fed mice and in the first three weeks in HF-fed mice. 25484353 6 56 theme HF-fed 1112:1117 arg1 mice 1119:1122 HF-fed mice 1112:1122 HF-fed mice 1112:1122 Continuous SSW access induced weight gain whatever the diet and led to greater caloric intake than mice drinking water in NF-fed mice and in the first three weeks in HF-fed mice. 25484353 7 57 theme caloric 1361:1367 arg1 intake 1369:1374 greater overall caloric intake 1345:1374 greater overall caloric intake 1345:1374 In HF-fed mice, 2h-intermittent access to SSW induced a greater body weight gain than mice drinking water, and led to hyperphagia on the HF diet when SSW was accessible compared to days without SSW 2h-access (leading to greater overall caloric intake), possibly through inactivation of the anorexigenic neuropeptide POMC in the hypothalamus. 25484353 9 58 theme sucrose 1692:1698 arg1 solution 1700:1707 a sucrose solution 1690:1707 a sucrose solution 1690:1707 In conclusion, in mice, a sucrose solution provided 2h-intermittently and a high-fat diet have combined effects on peripheral and central homeostatic systems involved in food intake regulation, a finding which has significant implications for human obesity. 25484353 1 59 from obesity 217:223 arg1 models 249:254 animal models 242:254 animal models 242:254 Intake of sodas has been shown to increase energy intake and to contribute to obesity in humans and in animal models, although the magnitude and importance of these effects are still debated. 25484353 1 59 from obesity 217:223 arg1 humans 228:233 humans 228:233 humans 228:233 Intake of sodas has been shown to increase energy intake and to contribute to obesity in humans and in animal models, although the magnitude and importance of these effects are still debated. 25484353 3 60 theme similar 531:537 arg1 SSW 503:505 SSW 503:505 SSW 503:505 We studied two different accesses to a sucrose-sweetened water (SSW, 12.3%, a concentration similar to that usually found in sugar sweetened beverages) in C57BL/6 mice fed a normal-fat (NF) or a high-fat (HF) diet in a scheduled access (7.5h). 25484353 3 60 theme similar 531:537 arg1 concentration 517:529 a concentration 515:529 a concentration similar to that usually found in sugar sweetened beverages 515:588 We studied two different accesses to a sucrose-sweetened water (SSW, 12.3%, a concentration similar to that usually found in sugar sweetened beverages) in C57BL/6 mice fed a normal-fat (NF) or a high-fat (HF) diet in a scheduled access (7.5h). 25484353 7 61 theme greater 1345:1351 arg1 intake 1369:1374 greater overall caloric intake 1345:1374 greater overall caloric intake 1345:1374 In HF-fed mice, 2h-intermittent access to SSW induced a greater body weight gain than mice drinking water, and led to hyperphagia on the HF diet when SSW was accessible compared to days without SSW 2h-access (leading to greater overall caloric intake), possibly through inactivation of the anorexigenic neuropeptide POMC in the hypothalamus. 25484353 6 62 dep diet 1001:1004 arg1 whatever 988:995 whatever 988:995 whatever 988:995 Continuous SSW access induced weight gain whatever the diet and led to greater caloric intake than mice drinking water in NF-fed mice and in the first three weeks in HF-fed mice. 25484353 6 63 theme first 1091:1095 arg1 weeks 1103:1107 the first three weeks 1087:1107 the first three weeks in HF-fed mice 1087:1122 Continuous SSW access induced weight gain whatever the diet and led to greater caloric intake than mice drinking water in NF-fed mice and in the first three weeks in HF-fed mice. 25484353 3 64 theme sugar 564:568 arg1 beverages 580:588 sugar sweetened beverages 564:588 sugar sweetened beverages 564:588 We studied two different accesses to a sucrose-sweetened water (SSW, 12.3%, a concentration similar to that usually found in sugar sweetened beverages) in C57BL/6 mice fed a normal-fat (NF) or a high-fat (HF) diet in a scheduled access (7.5h). 25484353 7 65 from POMC 1441:1444 arg1 hypothalamus 1453:1464 the hypothalamus 1449:1464 the hypothalamus 1449:1464 In HF-fed mice, 2h-intermittent access to SSW induced a greater body weight gain than mice drinking water, and led to hyperphagia on the HF diet when SSW was accessible compared to days without SSW 2h-access (leading to greater overall caloric intake), possibly through inactivation of the anorexigenic neuropeptide POMC in the hypothalamus. 25484353 5 66 theme Mouse 876:880 arg1 preference 882:891 Mouse preference 876:891 Mouse preference for SSW 876:899 Mouse preference for SSW was greater in HF-fed mice than NF-fed mice. 25484353 7 67 theme HF-fed 1128:1133 arg1 mice 1135:1138 HF-fed mice 1128:1138 HF-fed mice 1128:1138 In HF-fed mice, 2h-intermittent access to SSW induced a greater body weight gain than mice drinking water, and led to hyperphagia on the HF diet when SSW was accessible compared to days without SSW 2h-access (leading to greater overall caloric intake), possibly through inactivation of the anorexigenic neuropeptide POMC in the hypothalamus. 25484353 9 68 theme high-fat 1742:1749 arg1 diet 1751:1754 a high-fat diet 1740:1754 a high-fat diet have combined effects on peripheral and central homeostatic systems involved in food intake regulation, a finding which has significant implications for human obesity 1740:1921 In conclusion, in mice, a sucrose solution provided 2h-intermittently and a high-fat diet have combined effects on peripheral and central homeostatic systems involved in food intake regulation, a finding which has significant implications for human obesity. 25484353 6 69 dep greater 1017:1023 arg1 intake 1033:1038 caloric intake 1025:1038 caloric intake 1025:1038 Continuous SSW access induced weight gain whatever the diet and led to greater caloric intake than mice drinking water in NF-fed mice and in the first three weeks in HF-fed mice. 25484353 0 70 theme central 89:95 arg1 pathways 97:104 related central pathways 81:104 related central pathways 81:104 Intermittent access to liquid sucrose differentially modulates energy intake and related central pathways in control or high-fat fed mice. 25484353 1 71 theme effects 304:310 arg1 importance 284:293 importance 284:293 importance 284:293 Intake of sodas has been shown to increase energy intake and to contribute to obesity in humans and in animal models, although the magnitude and importance of these effects are still debated. 25484353 1 71 theme effects 304:310 arg1 magnitude 270:278 magnitude 270:278 magnitude 270:278 Intake of sodas has been shown to increase energy intake and to contribute to obesity in humans and in animal models, although the magnitude and importance of these effects are still debated. 25484353 1 72 theme sodas 149:153 arg1 Intake 139:144 Intake 139:144 Intake of sodas 139:153 Intake of sodas has been shown to increase energy intake and to contribute to obesity in humans and in animal models, although the magnitude and importance of these effects are still debated. 25484353 4 73 theme randomly-chosen 811:825 arg1 slot 832:835 randomly-chosen time slot 811:835 randomly-chosen time slot for only 5 random days/week 811:863 NF-fed and HF-fed mice received during 5weeks access to water, to SSW continuously for 7.5h (SSW), or to water plus SSW for 2h (randomly-chosen time slot for only 5 random days/week) (SSW-2h). 25484353 2 74 from consumption 416:426 arg1 humans 431:436 humans 431:436 humans 431:436 Moreover, intake of sugar sweetened beverages is often associated with high-fat food consumption in humans. 25484353 9 75 theme peripheral 1781:1790 arg1 systems 1816:1822 peripheral and central homeostatic systems 1781:1822 peripheral and central homeostatic systems involved in food intake regulation, a finding which has significant implications for human obesity 1781:1921 In conclusion, in mice, a sucrose solution provided 2h-intermittently and a high-fat diet have combined effects on peripheral and central homeostatic systems involved in food intake regulation, a finding which has significant implications for human obesity. 25484353 2 76 theme sugar 351:355 arg1 beverages 367:375 sugar sweetened beverages 351:375 sugar sweetened beverages 351:375 Moreover, intake of sugar sweetened beverages is often associated with high-fat food consumption in humans. 25484353 7 77 theme POMC 1441:1444 arg1 neuropeptide 1428:1439 the anorexigenic neuropeptide 1411:1439 the anorexigenic neuropeptide POMC in the hypothalamus 1411:1464 In HF-fed mice, 2h-intermittent access to SSW induced a greater body weight gain than mice drinking water, and led to hyperphagia on the HF diet when SSW was accessible compared to days without SSW 2h-access (leading to greater overall caloric intake), possibly through inactivation of the anorexigenic neuropeptide POMC in the hypothalamus. 25484353 2 78 theme food 411:414 arg1 consumption 416:426 high-fat food consumption 402:426 high-fat food consumption in humans 402:436 Moreover, intake of sugar sweetened beverages is often associated with high-fat food consumption in humans. 25484353 9 79 theme central 1796:1802 arg1 systems 1816:1822 peripheral and central homeostatic systems 1781:1822 peripheral and central homeostatic systems involved in food intake regulation, a finding which has significant implications for human obesity 1781:1921 In conclusion, in mice, a sucrose solution provided 2h-intermittently and a high-fat diet have combined effects on peripheral and central homeostatic systems involved in food intake regulation, a finding which has significant implications for human obesity. 25484353 0 80 theme liquid 23:28 arg1 sucrose 30:36 liquid sucrose 23:36 liquid sucrose 23:36 Intermittent access to liquid sucrose differentially modulates energy intake and related central pathways in control or high-fat fed mice. 25484353 7 81 theme anorexigenic 1415:1426 arg1 neuropeptide 1428:1439 the anorexigenic neuropeptide 1411:1439 the anorexigenic neuropeptide POMC in the hypothalamus 1411:1464 In HF-fed mice, 2h-intermittent access to SSW induced a greater body weight gain than mice drinking water, and led to hyperphagia on the HF diet when SSW was accessible compared to days without SSW 2h-access (leading to greater overall caloric intake), possibly through inactivation of the anorexigenic neuropeptide POMC in the hypothalamus. 25484353 4 82 theme HF-fed 694:699 arg1 mice 701:704 NF-fed and HF-fed mice 683:704 NF-fed and HF-fed mice 683:704 NF-fed and HF-fed mice received during 5weeks access to water, to SSW continuously for 7.5h (SSW), or to water plus SSW for 2h (randomly-chosen time slot for only 5 random days/week) (SSW-2h). 25484353 0 83 theme control 109:115 arg1 mice 133:136 control or high-fat fed mice 109:136 control or high-fat fed mice 109:136 Intermittent access to liquid sucrose differentially modulates energy intake and related central pathways in control or high-fat fed mice. 25484353 0 84 theme energy 63:68 arg1 intake 70:75 energy intake 63:75 energy intake 63:75 Intermittent access to liquid sucrose differentially modulates energy intake and related central pathways in control or high-fat fed mice. 25484353 9 85 theme intake 1841:1846 arg1 regulation 1848:1857 food intake regulation 1836:1857 food intake regulation 1836:1857 In conclusion, in mice, a sucrose solution provided 2h-intermittently and a high-fat diet have combined effects on peripheral and central homeostatic systems involved in food intake regulation, a finding which has significant implications for human obesity. 25484353 9 85 theme intake 1841:1846 arg1 finding 1862:1868 a finding 1860:1868 a finding which has significant implications for human obesity 1860:1921 In conclusion, in mice, a sucrose solution provided 2h-intermittently and a high-fat diet have combined effects on peripheral and central homeostatic systems involved in food intake regulation, a finding which has significant implications for human obesity. 25484353 7 86 theme HF 1262:1263 arg1 diet 1265:1268 the HF diet 1258:1268 the HF diet 1258:1268 In HF-fed mice, 2h-intermittent access to SSW induced a greater body weight gain than mice drinking water, and led to hyperphagia on the HF diet when SSW was accessible compared to days without SSW 2h-access (leading to greater overall caloric intake), possibly through inactivation of the anorexigenic neuropeptide POMC in the hypothalamus. 25484353 4 87 theme NF-fed 683:688 arg1 mice 701:704 NF-fed and HF-fed mice 683:704 NF-fed and HF-fed mice 683:704 NF-fed and HF-fed mice received during 5weeks access to water, to SSW continuously for 7.5h (SSW), or to water plus SSW for 2h (randomly-chosen time slot for only 5 random days/week) (SSW-2h). 27095683 11 0 theme simple 1579:1584 arg1 association 1586:1596 the simple association 1575:1596 the simple association of PEA-m and PLD 1575:1613 m(PEA/PLD) showed more robust anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects compared to the simple association of PEA-m and PLD. 27095683 2 1 theme radical 364:370 arg1 formation 372:380 free radical formation 359:380 free radical formation 359:380 Nevertheless, PEA lacks direct ability to prevent free radical formation. 27095683 12 2 theme novel 1708:1712 arg1 agents 1745:1750 novel non-narcotic anti-hyperalgesic agents 1708:1750 novel non-narcotic anti-hyperalgesic agents 1708:1750 This composite formulation approach opens a new therapeutic strategy for the development of novel non-narcotic anti-hyperalgesic agents. 27095683 0 3 contain containing 30:39 arg2 polydatin 67:75 polydatin 67:75 polydatin 67:75 A new co-micronized composite containing palmitoylethanolamide and polydatin shows superior oral efficacy compared to their association in a rat paw model of carrageenan-induced inflammation. 27095683 0 3 contain containing 30:39 arg2 palmitoylethanolamide 41:61 palmitoylethanolamide 41:61 palmitoylethanolamide 41:61 A new co-micronized composite containing palmitoylethanolamide and polydatin shows superior oral efficacy compared to their association in a rat paw model of carrageenan-induced inflammation. 27095683 0 3 contain containing 30:39 arg1 composite 20:28 A new co-micronized composite 0:28 A new co-micronized composite containing palmitoylethanolamide and polydatin 0:75 A new co-micronized composite containing palmitoylethanolamide and polydatin shows superior oral efficacy compared to their association in a rat paw model of carrageenan-induced inflammation. 27095683 8 4 theme Thermal 1108:1114 arg1 hyperalgesia 1116:1127 Thermal hyperalgesia 1108:1127 Thermal hyperalgesia 1108:1127 Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were also markedly reduced. 27095683 6 5 theme Intraplantar 823:834 arg1 injection 836:844 Intraplantar injection 823:844 Intraplantar injection of CAR 823:851 Intraplantar injection of CAR led to a time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation, in terms of paw edema, cytokine release in paw exudates, nitrotyrosine formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. 27095683 12 6 theme anti-hyperalgesic 1727:1743 arg1 agents 1745:1750 novel non-narcotic anti-hyperalgesic agents 1708:1750 novel non-narcotic anti-hyperalgesic agents 1708:1750 This composite formulation approach opens a new therapeutic strategy for the development of novel non-narcotic anti-hyperalgesic agents. 27095683 10 7 theme MnSOD 1349:1353 arg1 expression 1355:1364 spinal MnSOD expression 1342:1364 spinal MnSOD expression 1342:1364 Further, m(PEA/PLD) treatment increased spinal MnSOD expression, prevented IkB-α degradation and nuclear factor-κB translocation, suggesting a possible role on central sensitization. 27095683 5 8 theme PEA 638:640 arg1 effects 616:622 the effects 612:622 the effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) and PLD association (PEA-m+PLD) 612:680 In the present study, we compared the effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) and PLD association (PEA-m+PLD) with a new co-micronized composite containing PEA and PLD (m(PEA/PLD)) in the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation. 27095683 5 9 theme acute 803:807 arg1 inflammation 809:820 carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation 777:820 carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation 777:820 In the present study, we compared the effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) and PLD association (PEA-m+PLD) with a new co-micronized composite containing PEA and PLD (m(PEA/PLD)) in the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation. 27095683 4 10 contain have 499:502 arg2 effects 515:521 beneficial effects 504:521 beneficial effects 504:521 The combination of PEA and PLD could have beneficial effects on oxidative stress induced by inflammatory processes. 27095683 4 10 contain have 499:502 arg1 combination 466:476 The combination 462:476 The combination of PEA and PLD 462:491 The combination of PEA and PLD could have beneficial effects on oxidative stress induced by inflammatory processes. 27095683 6 11 theme peripheral 892:901 arg1 inflammation 903:914 peripheral inflammation 892:914 peripheral inflammation 892:914 Intraplantar injection of CAR led to a time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation, in terms of paw edema, cytokine release in paw exudates, nitrotyrosine formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. 27095683 9 12 located found 1251:1255 arg1 level 1201:1205 the spinal cord level 1185:1205 the spinal cord level 1185:1205 At the spinal cord level, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was found to be nitrated and subsequently deactivated. 27095683 9 12 located found 1251:1255 arg2 MnSOD 1240:1244 MnSOD 1240:1244 MnSOD 1240:1244 At the spinal cord level, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was found to be nitrated and subsequently deactivated. 27095683 9 12 located found 1251:1255 arg2 dismutase 1229:1237 manganese superoxide dismutase 1208:1237 manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) 1208:1245 At the spinal cord level, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was found to be nitrated and subsequently deactivated. 27095683 5 13 theme new 689:691 arg1 composite 707:715 a new co-micronized composite 687:715 a new co-micronized composite containing PEA and PLD (m(PEA/PLD)) in the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation 687:820 In the present study, we compared the effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) and PLD association (PEA-m+PLD) with a new co-micronized composite containing PEA and PLD (m(PEA/PLD)) in the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation. 27095683 7 14 theme measured 1087:1094 arg1 parameters 1096:1105 all measured parameters 1083:1105 all measured parameters 1083:1105 m(PEA/PLD) reduced all measured parameters. 27095683 1 15 theme special 223:229 arg1 food 231:234 a special food 221:234 a special food for medical purposes 221:255 Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a special food for medical purposes, has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. 27095683 1 15 theme special 223:229 arg1 Palmitoylethanolamide 192:212 Palmitoylethanolamide 192:212 Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) 192:218 Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a special food for medical purposes, has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. 27095683 5 16 theme association 658:668 arg1 effects 616:622 the effects 612:622 the effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) and PLD association (PEA-m+PLD) 612:680 In the present study, we compared the effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) and PLD association (PEA-m+PLD) with a new co-micronized composite containing PEA and PLD (m(PEA/PLD)) in the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation. 27095683 9 17 theme cord 1196:1199 arg1 level 1201:1205 the spinal cord level 1185:1205 the spinal cord level 1185:1205 At the spinal cord level, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was found to be nitrated and subsequently deactivated. 27095683 12 18 theme new 1660:1662 arg1 strategy 1676:1683 a new therapeutic strategy 1658:1683 a new therapeutic strategy for the development of novel non-narcotic anti-hyperalgesic agents 1658:1750 This composite formulation approach opens a new therapeutic strategy for the development of novel non-narcotic anti-hyperalgesic agents. 27095683 0 19 theme carrageenan-induced 158:176 arg1 inflammation 178:189 carrageenan-induced inflammation 158:189 carrageenan-induced inflammation 158:189 A new co-micronized composite containing palmitoylethanolamide and polydatin shows superior oral efficacy compared to their association in a rat paw model of carrageenan-induced inflammation. 27095683 3 20 contain has 436:438 arg1 PLD 394:396 PLD 394:396 PLD 394:396 Polydatin (PLD), a natural precursor of resveratrol, has antioxidant activity. 27095683 3 20 contain has 436:438 arg1 precursor 410:418 a natural precursor 400:418 a natural precursor of resveratrol 400:433 Polydatin (PLD), a natural precursor of resveratrol, has antioxidant activity. 27095683 3 20 contain has 436:438 arg2 activity 452:459 antioxidant activity 440:459 antioxidant activity 440:459 Polydatin (PLD), a natural precursor of resveratrol, has antioxidant activity. 27095683 3 20 contain has 436:438 arg1 Polydatin 383:391 Polydatin 383:391 Polydatin (PLD) 383:397 Polydatin (PLD), a natural precursor of resveratrol, has antioxidant activity. 27095683 9 21 theme superoxide 1218:1227 arg1 MnSOD 1240:1244 MnSOD 1240:1244 MnSOD 1240:1244 At the spinal cord level, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was found to be nitrated and subsequently deactivated. 27095683 9 21 theme superoxide 1218:1227 arg1 dismutase 1229:1237 manganese superoxide dismutase 1208:1237 manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) 1208:1245 At the spinal cord level, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was found to be nitrated and subsequently deactivated. 27095683 5 22 theme paw 764:766 arg1 model 768:772 the rat paw model 756:772 the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation 756:820 In the present study, we compared the effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) and PLD association (PEA-m+PLD) with a new co-micronized composite containing PEA and PLD (m(PEA/PLD)) in the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation. 27095683 12 23 theme formulation 1631:1641 arg1 approach 1643:1650 This composite formulation approach 1616:1650 This composite formulation approach 1616:1650 This composite formulation approach opens a new therapeutic strategy for the development of novel non-narcotic anti-hyperalgesic agents. 27095683 10 24 theme IkB-α 1377:1381 arg1 degradation 1383:1393 IkB-α degradation 1377:1393 IkB-α degradation 1377:1393 Further, m(PEA/PLD) treatment increased spinal MnSOD expression, prevented IkB-α degradation and nuclear factor-κB translocation, suggesting a possible role on central sensitization. 27095683 0 25 theme oral 92:95 arg1 efficacy 97:104 superior oral efficacy 83:104 superior oral efficacy 83:104 A new co-micronized composite containing palmitoylethanolamide and polydatin shows superior oral efficacy compared to their association in a rat paw model of carrageenan-induced inflammation. 27095683 6 26 theme paw 929:931 arg1 edema 933:937 paw edema 929:937 paw edema 929:937 Intraplantar injection of CAR led to a time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation, in terms of paw edema, cytokine release in paw exudates, nitrotyrosine formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. 27095683 4 27 theme beneficial 504:513 arg1 effects 515:521 beneficial effects 504:521 beneficial effects 504:521 The combination of PEA and PLD could have beneficial effects on oxidative stress induced by inflammatory processes. 27095683 5 28 contain containing 717:726 arg2 PLD 736:738 PLD 736:738 PLD 736:738 In the present study, we compared the effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) and PLD association (PEA-m+PLD) with a new co-micronized composite containing PEA and PLD (m(PEA/PLD)) in the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation. 27095683 5 28 contain containing 717:726 arg2 PEA 728:730 PEA 728:730 PEA 728:730 In the present study, we compared the effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) and PLD association (PEA-m+PLD) with a new co-micronized composite containing PEA and PLD (m(PEA/PLD)) in the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation. 27095683 5 28 contain containing 717:726 arg1 composite 707:715 a new co-micronized composite 687:715 a new co-micronized composite containing PEA and PLD (m(PEA/PLD)) in the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation 687:820 In the present study, we compared the effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) and PLD association (PEA-m+PLD) with a new co-micronized composite containing PEA and PLD (m(PEA/PLD)) in the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation. 27095683 10 29 theme factor-κB 1407:1415 arg1 translocation 1417:1429 nuclear factor-κB translocation 1399:1429 nuclear factor-κB translocation 1399:1429 Further, m(PEA/PLD) treatment increased spinal MnSOD expression, prevented IkB-α degradation and nuclear factor-κB translocation, suggesting a possible role on central sensitization. 27095683 6 30 theme inducible 999:1007 arg1 synthase 1022:1029 inducible nitric oxide synthase 999:1029 inducible nitric oxide synthase 999:1029 Intraplantar injection of CAR led to a time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation, in terms of paw edema, cytokine release in paw exudates, nitrotyrosine formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. 27095683 3 31 theme resveratrol 423:433 arg1 precursor 410:418 a natural precursor 400:418 a natural precursor of resveratrol 400:433 Polydatin (PLD), a natural precursor of resveratrol, has antioxidant activity. 27095683 3 31 theme resveratrol 423:433 arg1 Polydatin 383:391 Polydatin 383:391 Polydatin (PLD) 383:397 Polydatin (PLD), a natural precursor of resveratrol, has antioxidant activity. 27095683 1 32 theme neuroprotective 284:298 arg1 effects 300:306 anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects 262:306 anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects 262:306 Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a special food for medical purposes, has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. 27095683 5 33 theme present 585:591 arg1 study 593:597 the present study 581:597 the present study 581:597 In the present study, we compared the effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) and PLD association (PEA-m+PLD) with a new co-micronized composite containing PEA and PLD (m(PEA/PLD)) in the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation. 27095683 0 34 theme co-micronized 6:18 arg1 composite 20:28 A new co-micronized composite 0:28 A new co-micronized composite containing palmitoylethanolamide and polydatin 0:75 A new co-micronized composite containing palmitoylethanolamide and polydatin shows superior oral efficacy compared to their association in a rat paw model of carrageenan-induced inflammation. 27095683 6 35 theme paw 960:962 arg1 exudates 964:971 paw exudates 960:971 paw exudates 960:971 Intraplantar injection of CAR led to a time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation, in terms of paw edema, cytokine release in paw exudates, nitrotyrosine formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. 27095683 10 36 theme central 1462:1468 arg1 sensitization 1470:1482 central sensitization 1462:1482 central sensitization 1462:1482 Further, m(PEA/PLD) treatment increased spinal MnSOD expression, prevented IkB-α degradation and nuclear factor-κB translocation, suggesting a possible role on central sensitization. 27095683 6 37 from expression 1052:1061 arg1 exudates 964:971 paw exudates 960:971 paw exudates 960:971 Intraplantar injection of CAR led to a time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation, in terms of paw edema, cytokine release in paw exudates, nitrotyrosine formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. 27095683 2 38 theme free 359:362 arg1 formation 372:380 free radical formation 359:380 free radical formation 359:380 Nevertheless, PEA lacks direct ability to prevent free radical formation. 27095683 11 39 theme anti-inflammatory 1515:1531 arg1 effects 1555:1561 more robust anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects 1503:1561 more robust anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects 1503:1561 m(PEA/PLD) showed more robust anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects compared to the simple association of PEA-m and PLD. 27095683 1 40 theme medical 240:246 arg1 purposes 248:255 medical purposes 240:255 medical purposes 240:255 Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a special food for medical purposes, has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. 27095683 11 41 theme PEA-m 1601:1605 arg1 association 1586:1596 the simple association 1575:1596 the simple association of PEA-m and PLD 1575:1613 m(PEA/PLD) showed more robust anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects compared to the simple association of PEA-m and PLD. 27095683 6 42 theme CAR 849:851 arg1 injection 836:844 Intraplantar injection 823:844 Intraplantar injection of CAR 823:851 Intraplantar injection of CAR led to a time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation, in terms of paw edema, cytokine release in paw exudates, nitrotyrosine formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. 27095683 12 43 theme non-narcotic 1714:1725 arg1 agents 1745:1750 novel non-narcotic anti-hyperalgesic agents 1708:1750 novel non-narcotic anti-hyperalgesic agents 1708:1750 This composite formulation approach opens a new therapeutic strategy for the development of novel non-narcotic anti-hyperalgesic agents. 27095683 6 44 theme oxide 1016:1020 arg1 synthase 1022:1029 inducible nitric oxide synthase 999:1029 inducible nitric oxide synthase 999:1029 Intraplantar injection of CAR led to a time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation, in terms of paw edema, cytokine release in paw exudates, nitrotyrosine formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. 27095683 6 45 from formation 988:996 arg1 exudates 964:971 paw exudates 960:971 paw exudates 960:971 Intraplantar injection of CAR led to a time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation, in terms of paw edema, cytokine release in paw exudates, nitrotyrosine formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. 27095683 1 46 theme anti-inflammatory 262:278 arg1 effects 300:306 anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects 262:306 anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects 262:306 Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a special food for medical purposes, has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. 27095683 11 47 theme anti-hyperalgesic 1537:1553 arg1 effects 1555:1561 more robust anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects 1503:1561 more robust anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects 1503:1561 m(PEA/PLD) showed more robust anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects compared to the simple association of PEA-m and PLD. 27095683 12 48 theme agents 1745:1750 arg1 development 1693:1703 the development 1689:1703 the development of novel non-narcotic anti-hyperalgesic agents 1689:1750 This composite formulation approach opens a new therapeutic strategy for the development of novel non-narcotic anti-hyperalgesic agents. 27095683 10 49 theme m 1311:1311 arg1 treatment 1322:1330 m(PEA/PLD) treatment 1311:1330 m(PEA/PLD) treatment 1311:1330 Further, m(PEA/PLD) treatment increased spinal MnSOD expression, prevented IkB-α degradation and nuclear factor-κB translocation, suggesting a possible role on central sensitization. 27095683 3 50 theme natural 402:408 arg1 precursor 410:418 a natural precursor 400:418 a natural precursor of resveratrol 400:433 Polydatin (PLD), a natural precursor of resveratrol, has antioxidant activity. 27095683 3 50 theme natural 402:408 arg1 Polydatin 383:391 Polydatin 383:391 Polydatin (PLD) 383:397 Polydatin (PLD), a natural precursor of resveratrol, has antioxidant activity. 27095683 10 51 from role 1454:1457 arg1 sensitization 1470:1482 central sensitization 1462:1482 central sensitization 1462:1482 Further, m(PEA/PLD) treatment increased spinal MnSOD expression, prevented IkB-α degradation and nuclear factor-κB translocation, suggesting a possible role on central sensitization. 27095683 11 52 theme PLD 1611:1613 arg1 association 1586:1596 the simple association 1575:1596 the simple association of PEA-m and PLD 1575:1613 m(PEA/PLD) showed more robust anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects compared to the simple association of PEA-m and PLD. 27095683 5 53 theme micronized 627:636 arg1 PEA-m 643:647 PEA-m 643:647 PEA-m 643:647 In the present study, we compared the effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) and PLD association (PEA-m+PLD) with a new co-micronized composite containing PEA and PLD (m(PEA/PLD)) in the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation. 27095683 5 53 theme micronized 627:636 arg1 PEA 638:640 micronized PEA 627:640 micronized PEA (PEA-m) 627:648 In the present study, we compared the effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) and PLD association (PEA-m+PLD) with a new co-micronized composite containing PEA and PLD (m(PEA/PLD)) in the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation. 27095683 10 54 theme spinal 1342:1347 arg1 expression 1355:1364 spinal MnSOD expression 1342:1364 spinal MnSOD expression 1342:1364 Further, m(PEA/PLD) treatment increased spinal MnSOD expression, prevented IkB-α degradation and nuclear factor-κB translocation, suggesting a possible role on central sensitization. 27095683 2 55 theme direct 333:338 arg1 ability 340:346 direct ability 333:346 direct ability to prevent free radical formation 333:380 Nevertheless, PEA lacks direct ability to prevent free radical formation. 27095683 5 56 theme -induced 794:801 arg1 inflammation 809:820 carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation 777:820 carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation 777:820 In the present study, we compared the effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) and PLD association (PEA-m+PLD) with a new co-micronized composite containing PEA and PLD (m(PEA/PLD)) in the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation. 27095683 8 57 theme mechanical 1133:1142 arg1 allodynia 1144:1152 mechanical allodynia 1133:1152 mechanical allodynia 1133:1152 Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were also markedly reduced. 27095683 6 58 theme inflammation 903:914 arg1 development 877:887 a time-dependent development 860:887 a time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation 860:914 Intraplantar injection of CAR led to a time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation, in terms of paw edema, cytokine release in paw exudates, nitrotyrosine formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. 27095683 0 59 theme paw 145:147 arg1 model 149:153 a rat paw model 139:153 a rat paw model of carrageenan-induced inflammation 139:189 A new co-micronized composite containing palmitoylethanolamide and polydatin shows superior oral efficacy compared to their association in a rat paw model of carrageenan-induced inflammation. 27095683 5 60 theme PLD 654:656 arg1 PEA-m+PLD 671:679 PEA-m+PLD 671:679 PEA-m+PLD 671:679 In the present study, we compared the effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) and PLD association (PEA-m+PLD) with a new co-micronized composite containing PEA and PLD (m(PEA/PLD)) in the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation. 27095683 5 60 theme PLD 654:656 arg1 association 658:668 PLD association 654:668 PLD association (PEA-m+PLD) 654:680 In the present study, we compared the effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) and PLD association (PEA-m+PLD) with a new co-micronized composite containing PEA and PLD (m(PEA/PLD)) in the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation. 27095683 9 61 theme spinal 1189:1194 arg1 cord 1196:1199 the spinal cord 1185:1199 the spinal cord level 1185:1205 At the spinal cord level, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was found to be nitrated and subsequently deactivated. 27095683 6 62 theme time-dependent 862:875 arg1 development 877:887 a time-dependent development 860:887 a time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation 860:914 Intraplantar injection of CAR led to a time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation, in terms of paw edema, cytokine release in paw exudates, nitrotyrosine formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. 27095683 5 63 dep PEA 728:730 arg1 PEA/PLD 743:749 PEA/PLD 743:749 PEA/PLD 743:749 In the present study, we compared the effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) and PLD association (PEA-m+PLD) with a new co-micronized composite containing PEA and PLD (m(PEA/PLD)) in the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation. 27095683 5 63 dep PEA 728:730 arg1 m 741:741 m 741:741 m(PEA/PLD) 741:750 In the present study, we compared the effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) and PLD association (PEA-m+PLD) with a new co-micronized composite containing PEA and PLD (m(PEA/PLD)) in the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation. 27095683 0 64 from association 124:134 arg1 model 149:153 a rat paw model 139:153 a rat paw model of carrageenan-induced inflammation 139:189 A new co-micronized composite containing palmitoylethanolamide and polydatin shows superior oral efficacy compared to their association in a rat paw model of carrageenan-induced inflammation. 27095683 0 65 theme inflammation 178:189 arg1 model 149:153 a rat paw model 139:153 a rat paw model of carrageenan-induced inflammation 139:189 A new co-micronized composite containing palmitoylethanolamide and polydatin shows superior oral efficacy compared to their association in a rat paw model of carrageenan-induced inflammation. 27095683 0 66 theme superior 83:90 arg1 efficacy 97:104 superior oral efficacy 83:104 superior oral efficacy 83:104 A new co-micronized composite containing palmitoylethanolamide and polydatin shows superior oral efficacy compared to their association in a rat paw model of carrageenan-induced inflammation. 27095683 9 67 theme manganese 1208:1216 arg1 MnSOD 1240:1244 MnSOD 1240:1244 MnSOD 1240:1244 At the spinal cord level, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was found to be nitrated and subsequently deactivated. 27095683 9 67 theme manganese 1208:1216 arg1 dismutase 1229:1237 manganese superoxide dismutase 1208:1237 manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) 1208:1245 At the spinal cord level, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was found to be nitrated and subsequently deactivated. 27095683 1 68 contain has 258:260 arg1 food 231:234 a special food 221:234 a special food for medical purposes 221:255 Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a special food for medical purposes, has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. 27095683 1 68 contain has 258:260 arg1 PEA 215:217 PEA 215:217 PEA 215:217 Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a special food for medical purposes, has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. 27095683 1 68 contain has 258:260 arg1 Palmitoylethanolamide 192:212 Palmitoylethanolamide 192:212 Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) 192:218 Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a special food for medical purposes, has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. 27095683 1 68 contain has 258:260 arg2 effects 300:306 anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects 262:306 anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects 262:306 Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a special food for medical purposes, has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. 27095683 5 69 theme inflammation 809:820 arg1 model 768:772 the rat paw model 756:772 the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation 756:820 In the present study, we compared the effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) and PLD association (PEA-m+PLD) with a new co-micronized composite containing PEA and PLD (m(PEA/PLD)) in the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation. 27095683 12 70 theme therapeutic 1664:1674 arg1 strategy 1676:1683 a new therapeutic strategy 1658:1683 a new therapeutic strategy for the development of novel non-narcotic anti-hyperalgesic agents 1658:1750 This composite formulation approach opens a new therapeutic strategy for the development of novel non-narcotic anti-hyperalgesic agents. 27095683 6 71 theme cytokine 940:947 arg1 release 949:955 cytokine release 940:955 cytokine release in paw exudates 940:971 Intraplantar injection of CAR led to a time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation, in terms of paw edema, cytokine release in paw exudates, nitrotyrosine formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. 27095683 12 72 theme composite 1621:1629 arg1 approach 1643:1650 This composite formulation approach 1616:1650 This composite formulation approach 1616:1650 This composite formulation approach opens a new therapeutic strategy for the development of novel non-narcotic anti-hyperalgesic agents. 27095683 6 73 theme edema 933:937 arg1 terms 920:924 terms 920:924 terms of paw edema 920:937 Intraplantar injection of CAR led to a time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation, in terms of paw edema, cytokine release in paw exudates, nitrotyrosine formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. 27095683 5 74 theme co-micronized 693:705 arg1 composite 707:715 a new co-micronized composite 687:715 a new co-micronized composite containing PEA and PLD (m(PEA/PLD)) in the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation 687:820 In the present study, we compared the effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) and PLD association (PEA-m+PLD) with a new co-micronized composite containing PEA and PLD (m(PEA/PLD)) in the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation. 27095683 4 75 theme PEA 481:483 arg1 combination 466:476 The combination 462:476 The combination of PEA and PLD 462:491 The combination of PEA and PLD could have beneficial effects on oxidative stress induced by inflammatory processes. 27095683 6 76 from release 949:955 arg1 exudates 964:971 paw exudates 960:971 paw exudates 960:971 Intraplantar injection of CAR led to a time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation, in terms of paw edema, cytokine release in paw exudates, nitrotyrosine formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. 27095683 6 77 theme nitric 1009:1014 arg1 synthase 1022:1029 inducible nitric oxide synthase 999:1029 inducible nitric oxide synthase 999:1029 Intraplantar injection of CAR led to a time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation, in terms of paw edema, cytokine release in paw exudates, nitrotyrosine formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. 27095683 4 78 theme PLD 489:491 arg1 combination 466:476 The combination 462:476 The combination of PEA and PLD 462:491 The combination of PEA and PLD could have beneficial effects on oxidative stress induced by inflammatory processes. 27095683 10 79 theme nuclear 1399:1405 arg1 translocation 1417:1429 nuclear factor-κB translocation 1399:1429 nuclear factor-κB translocation 1399:1429 Further, m(PEA/PLD) treatment increased spinal MnSOD expression, prevented IkB-α degradation and nuclear factor-κB translocation, suggesting a possible role on central sensitization. 27095683 3 80 theme antioxidant 440:450 arg1 activity 452:459 antioxidant activity 440:459 antioxidant activity 440:459 Polydatin (PLD), a natural precursor of resveratrol, has antioxidant activity. 27095683 0 81 theme new 2:4 arg1 composite 20:28 A new co-micronized composite 0:28 A new co-micronized composite containing palmitoylethanolamide and polydatin 0:75 A new co-micronized composite containing palmitoylethanolamide and polydatin shows superior oral efficacy compared to their association in a rat paw model of carrageenan-induced inflammation. 27095683 4 82 theme inflammatory 554:565 arg1 processes 567:575 inflammatory processes 554:575 inflammatory processes 554:575 The combination of PEA and PLD could have beneficial effects on oxidative stress induced by inflammatory processes. 27095683 5 83 theme rat 760:762 arg1 model 768:772 the rat paw model 756:772 the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation 756:820 In the present study, we compared the effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) and PLD association (PEA-m+PLD) with a new co-micronized composite containing PEA and PLD (m(PEA/PLD)) in the rat paw model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced acute inflammation. 27095683 6 84 theme nitrotyrosine 974:986 arg1 formation 988:996 nitrotyrosine formation 974:996 nitrotyrosine formation 974:996 Intraplantar injection of CAR led to a time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation, in terms of paw edema, cytokine release in paw exudates, nitrotyrosine formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. 27095683 4 85 theme oxidative 526:534 arg1 stress 536:541 oxidative stress 526:541 oxidative stress induced by inflammatory processes 526:575 The combination of PEA and PLD could have beneficial effects on oxidative stress induced by inflammatory processes. 27095683 0 86 theme rat 141:143 arg1 model 149:153 a rat paw model 139:153 a rat paw model of carrageenan-induced inflammation 139:189 A new co-micronized composite containing palmitoylethanolamide and polydatin shows superior oral efficacy compared to their association in a rat paw model of carrageenan-induced inflammation. 27095683 11 87 theme robust 1508:1513 arg1 effects 1555:1561 more robust anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects 1503:1561 more robust anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects 1503:1561 m(PEA/PLD) showed more robust anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects compared to the simple association of PEA-m and PLD. 27095683 10 88 dep increased 1332:1340 arg1 prevented 1367:1375 prevented 1367:1375 prevented IkB-α degradation and nuclear factor-κB translocation 1367:1429 Further, m(PEA/PLD) treatment increased spinal MnSOD expression, prevented IkB-α degradation and nuclear factor-κB translocation, suggesting a possible role on central sensitization. 27095683 10 89 theme possible 1445:1452 arg1 role 1454:1457 a possible role 1443:1457 a possible role on central sensitization 1443:1482 Further, m(PEA/PLD) treatment increased spinal MnSOD expression, prevented IkB-α degradation and nuclear factor-κB translocation, suggesting a possible role on central sensitization. 27095683 6 90 from synthase 1022:1029 arg1 exudates 964:971 paw exudates 960:971 paw exudates 960:971 Intraplantar injection of CAR led to a time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation, in terms of paw edema, cytokine release in paw exudates, nitrotyrosine formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. 27095683 6 91 theme cyclooxygenase-2 1035:1050 arg1 expression 1052:1061 cyclooxygenase-2 expression 1035:1061 cyclooxygenase-2 expression 1035:1061 Intraplantar injection of CAR led to a time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation, in terms of paw edema, cytokine release in paw exudates, nitrotyrosine formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. 28823007 11 0 theme different 1331:1339 arg1 abilities 1358:1366 different immunomodulatory abilities 1331:1366 different immunomodulatory abilities 1331:1366 Our results indicate that various isolates can have different immunomodulatory abilities and impacts on the bovine immune system. 28823007 10 1 contain had 1247:1249 arg2 impact 1254:1259 an impact 1251:1259 an impact on IL-12 release 1251:1276 Neither Fh-WeyES nor Fh-WildES had an impact on IL-12 release. 28823007 10 1 contain had 1247:1249 arg1 Fh-WildES 1237:1245 Fh-WildES 1237:1245 Fh-WildES 1237:1245 Neither Fh-WeyES nor Fh-WildES had an impact on IL-12 release. 28823007 10 1 contain had 1247:1249 arg1 Fh-WeyES 1224:1231 Fh-WeyES 1224:1231 Fh-WeyES 1224:1231 Neither Fh-WeyES nor Fh-WildES had an impact on IL-12 release. 28823007 1 2 theme Fasciola 168:175 arg1 trematodes 190:199 trematodes 190:199 trematodes that reside in the bile ducts of mammals 190:240 Fasciola hepatica are trematodes that reside in the bile ducts of mammals. 28823007 1 2 theme Fasciola 168:175 arg1 hepatica 177:184 Fasciola hepatica 168:184 Fasciola hepatica 168:184 Fasciola hepatica are trematodes that reside in the bile ducts of mammals. 28823007 5 3 theme hepatica 737:744 arg1 isolates 746:753 two Fasciola hepatica isolates 724:753 two Fasciola hepatica isolates: a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) and a wild isolate (Fh-WildES) 724:829 The cells were matured by LPS treatment and stimulated with excretory/secretory antigens (ES) from two Fasciola hepatica isolates: a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) and a wild isolate (Fh-WildES). 28823007 5 4 from isolates 746:753 arg1 ES 715:716 ES 715:716 ES 715:716 The cells were matured by LPS treatment and stimulated with excretory/secretory antigens (ES) from two Fasciola hepatica isolates: a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) and a wild isolate (Fh-WildES). 28823007 5 4 from isolates 746:753 arg1 antigens 705:712 excretory/secretory antigens 685:712 excretory/secretory antigens (ES) from two Fasciola hepatica isolates: a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) and a wild isolate (Fh-WildES) 685:829 The cells were matured by LPS treatment and stimulated with excretory/secretory antigens (ES) from two Fasciola hepatica isolates: a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) and a wild isolate (Fh-WildES). 28823007 11 5 theme various 1305:1311 arg1 isolates 1313:1320 various isolates 1305:1320 various isolates 1305:1320 Our results indicate that various isolates can have different immunomodulatory abilities and impacts on the bovine immune system. 28823007 3 6 dep different 447:455 arg1 immunomodulatory 457:472 immunomodulatory 457:472 immunomodulatory 457:472 An under-represented area in F. hepatica research has been the examination of the different immunomodulatory abilities of various parasite isolates on the host immune system. 28823007 11 7 contain have 1326:1329 arg1 isolates 1313:1320 various isolates 1305:1320 various isolates 1305:1320 Our results indicate that various isolates can have different immunomodulatory abilities and impacts on the bovine immune system. 28823007 11 7 contain have 1326:1329 arg2 abilities 1358:1366 different immunomodulatory abilities 1331:1366 different immunomodulatory abilities 1331:1366 Our results indicate that various isolates can have different immunomodulatory abilities and impacts on the bovine immune system. 28823007 6 8 theme transcriptomic 929:942 arg1 differences 944:954 mild transcriptomic differences 924:954 mild transcriptomic differences 924:954 As expected, stimulation with antigen mixtures with highly similar compositions resulted in mild transcriptomic differences. 28823007 0 9 theme IL-10 110:114 arg1 release 116:122 IL-10 release 110:122 IL-10 release 110:122 Excretory/secretory products from two Fasciola hepatica isolates induce different transcriptional changes and IL-10 release in LPS-activated bovine "BOMA" macrophages. 28823007 6 10 theme mild 924:927 arg1 differences 944:954 mild transcriptomic differences 924:954 mild transcriptomic differences 924:954 As expected, stimulation with antigen mixtures with highly similar compositions resulted in mild transcriptomic differences. 28823007 2 11 theme growing 345:351 arg1 importance 353:362 growing importance 345:362 growing importance 345:362 Infection causes US$3 billion in losses annually in animal production and is considered a zoonosis of growing importance. 28823007 3 12 theme various 487:493 arg1 isolates 504:511 various parasite isolates 487:511 various parasite isolates 487:511 An under-represented area in F. hepatica research has been the examination of the different immunomodulatory abilities of various parasite isolates on the host immune system. 28823007 0 13 theme LPS-activated 127:139 arg1 macrophages 155:165 LPS-activated bovine "BOMA" macrophages 127:165 LPS-activated bovine "BOMA" macrophages 127:165 Excretory/secretory products from two Fasciola hepatica isolates induce different transcriptional changes and IL-10 release in LPS-activated bovine "BOMA" macrophages. 28823007 0 14 from isolates 56:63 arg1 products 20:27 Excretory/secretory products 0:27 Excretory/secretory products from two Fasciola hepatica isolates 0:63 Excretory/secretory products from two Fasciola hepatica isolates induce different transcriptional changes and IL-10 release in LPS-activated bovine "BOMA" macrophages. 28823007 6 15 with stimulation 845:855 arg1 compositions 899:910 highly similar compositions 884:910 highly similar compositions 884:910 As expected, stimulation with antigen mixtures with highly similar compositions resulted in mild transcriptomic differences. 28823007 6 15 with stimulation 845:855 arg1 mixtures 870:877 antigen mixtures 862:877 antigen mixtures 862:877 As expected, stimulation with antigen mixtures with highly similar compositions resulted in mild transcriptomic differences. 28823007 5 16 theme laboratory 758:767 arg1 Fh-WeyES 790:797 Fh-WeyES 790:797 Fh-WeyES 790:797 The cells were matured by LPS treatment and stimulated with excretory/secretory antigens (ES) from two Fasciola hepatica isolates: a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) and a wild isolate (Fh-WildES). 28823007 5 16 theme laboratory 758:767 arg1 " 787:787 a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" 756:787 a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) 756:798 The cells were matured by LPS treatment and stimulated with excretory/secretory antigens (ES) from two Fasciola hepatica isolates: a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) and a wild isolate (Fh-WildES). 28823007 3 17 from area 386:389 arg1 research 406:413 F. hepatica research 394:413 F. hepatica research 394:413 An under-represented area in F. hepatica research has been the examination of the different immunomodulatory abilities of various parasite isolates on the host immune system. 28823007 9 18 theme TNF-α 1159:1163 arg1 release 1148:1154 the release 1144:1154 the release of TNF-α 1144:1163 Fh-ES from both isolates diminished the release of TNF-α, whereas only Fh-WildES decreased IL-10 secretion. 28823007 7 19 from differences 989:999 arg1 levels 1013:1018 cytokine levels 1004:1018 cytokine levels 1004:1018 However, there were significant differences in cytokine levels. 28823007 11 20 theme immune 1394:1399 arg1 system 1401:1406 the bovine immune system 1383:1406 the bovine immune system 1383:1406 Our results indicate that various isolates can have different immunomodulatory abilities and impacts on the bovine immune system. 28823007 5 21 theme wild 806:809 arg1 Fh-WildES 820:828 Fh-WildES 820:828 Fh-WildES 820:828 The cells were matured by LPS treatment and stimulated with excretory/secretory antigens (ES) from two Fasciola hepatica isolates: a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) and a wild isolate (Fh-WildES). 28823007 5 21 theme wild 806:809 arg1 isolate 811:817 a wild isolate 804:817 a wild isolate (Fh-WildES) 804:829 The cells were matured by LPS treatment and stimulated with excretory/secretory antigens (ES) from two Fasciola hepatica isolates: a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) and a wild isolate (Fh-WildES). 28823007 5 22 theme isolate 769:775 arg1 Fh-WeyES 790:797 Fh-WeyES 790:797 Fh-WeyES 790:797 The cells were matured by LPS treatment and stimulated with excretory/secretory antigens (ES) from two Fasciola hepatica isolates: a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) and a wild isolate (Fh-WildES). 28823007 5 22 theme isolate 769:775 arg1 " 787:787 a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" 756:787 a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) 756:798 The cells were matured by LPS treatment and stimulated with excretory/secretory antigens (ES) from two Fasciola hepatica isolates: a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) and a wild isolate (Fh-WildES). 28823007 11 23 theme immunomodulatory 1341:1356 arg1 abilities 1358:1366 different immunomodulatory abilities 1331:1366 different immunomodulatory abilities 1331:1366 Our results indicate that various isolates can have different immunomodulatory abilities and impacts on the bovine immune system. 28823007 5 24 dep isolates 746:753 arg1 Fh-WildES 820:828 Fh-WildES 820:828 Fh-WildES 820:828 The cells were matured by LPS treatment and stimulated with excretory/secretory antigens (ES) from two Fasciola hepatica isolates: a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) and a wild isolate (Fh-WildES). 28823007 5 24 dep isolates 746:753 arg1 isolate 811:817 a wild isolate 804:817 a wild isolate (Fh-WildES) 804:829 The cells were matured by LPS treatment and stimulated with excretory/secretory antigens (ES) from two Fasciola hepatica isolates: a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) and a wild isolate (Fh-WildES). 28823007 5 24 dep isolates 746:753 arg1 Fh-WeyES 790:797 Fh-WeyES 790:797 Fh-WeyES 790:797 The cells were matured by LPS treatment and stimulated with excretory/secretory antigens (ES) from two Fasciola hepatica isolates: a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) and a wild isolate (Fh-WildES). 28823007 5 24 dep isolates 746:753 arg1 " 787:787 a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" 756:787 a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) 756:798 The cells were matured by LPS treatment and stimulated with excretory/secretory antigens (ES) from two Fasciola hepatica isolates: a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) and a wild isolate (Fh-WildES). 28823007 0 25 theme Excretory/secretory 0:18 arg1 products 20:27 Excretory/secretory products 0:27 Excretory/secretory products from two Fasciola hepatica isolates 0:63 Excretory/secretory products from two Fasciola hepatica isolates induce different transcriptional changes and IL-10 release in LPS-activated bovine "BOMA" macrophages. 28823007 5 26 theme Weybridge 778:786 arg1 Fh-WeyES 790:797 Fh-WeyES 790:797 Fh-WeyES 790:797 The cells were matured by LPS treatment and stimulated with excretory/secretory antigens (ES) from two Fasciola hepatica isolates: a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) and a wild isolate (Fh-WildES). 28823007 5 26 theme Weybridge 778:786 arg1 " 787:787 a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" 756:787 a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) 756:798 The cells were matured by LPS treatment and stimulated with excretory/secretory antigens (ES) from two Fasciola hepatica isolates: a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) and a wild isolate (Fh-WildES). 28823007 9 27 theme only 1174:1177 arg1 Fh-WildES 1179:1187 only Fh-WildES 1174:1187 only Fh-WildES 1174:1187 Fh-ES from both isolates diminished the release of TNF-α, whereas only Fh-WildES decreased IL-10 secretion. 28823007 2 28 theme animal 295:300 arg1 production 302:311 animal production 295:311 animal production 295:311 Infection causes US$3 billion in losses annually in animal production and is considered a zoonosis of growing importance. 28823007 3 29 theme under-represented 368:384 arg1 area 386:389 An under-represented area 365:389 An under-represented area in F. hepatica research 365:413 An under-represented area in F. hepatica research has been the examination of the different immunomodulatory abilities of various parasite isolates on the host immune system. 28823007 3 29 theme under-represented 368:384 arg1 examination 428:438 the examination 424:438 the examination of the different immunomodulatory abilities of various parasite isolates 424:511 An under-represented area in F. hepatica research has been the examination of the different immunomodulatory abilities of various parasite isolates on the host immune system. 28823007 0 30 theme bovine 141:146 arg1 macrophages 155:165 LPS-activated bovine "BOMA" macrophages 127:165 LPS-activated bovine "BOMA" macrophages 127:165 Excretory/secretory products from two Fasciola hepatica isolates induce different transcriptional changes and IL-10 release in LPS-activated bovine "BOMA" macrophages. 28823007 10 31 theme IL-12 1264:1268 arg1 release 1270:1276 IL-12 release 1264:1276 IL-12 release 1264:1276 Neither Fh-WeyES nor Fh-WildES had an impact on IL-12 release. 28823007 3 32 theme abilities 474:482 arg1 examination 428:438 the examination 424:438 the examination of the different immunomodulatory abilities of various parasite isolates 424:511 An under-represented area in F. hepatica research has been the examination of the different immunomodulatory abilities of various parasite isolates on the host immune system. 28823007 3 32 theme abilities 474:482 arg1 area 386:389 An under-represented area 365:389 An under-represented area in F. hepatica research 365:413 An under-represented area in F. hepatica research has been the examination of the different immunomodulatory abilities of various parasite isolates on the host immune system. 28823007 0 33 theme hepatica 47:54 arg1 isolates 56:63 two Fasciola hepatica isolates 34:63 two Fasciola hepatica isolates 34:63 Excretory/secretory products from two Fasciola hepatica isolates induce different transcriptional changes and IL-10 release in LPS-activated bovine "BOMA" macrophages. 28823007 6 34 theme similar 891:897 arg1 compositions 899:910 highly similar compositions 884:910 highly similar compositions 884:910 As expected, stimulation with antigen mixtures with highly similar compositions resulted in mild transcriptomic differences. 28823007 0 35 theme " 153:153 arg1 macrophages 155:165 LPS-activated bovine "BOMA" macrophages 127:165 LPS-activated bovine "BOMA" macrophages 127:165 Excretory/secretory products from two Fasciola hepatica isolates induce different transcriptional changes and IL-10 release in LPS-activated bovine "BOMA" macrophages. 28823007 4 36 theme " 622:622 arg1 line 612:615 the bovine macrophage cell line 585:615 the bovine macrophage cell line "BOMA" 585:622 In this paper, this issue was explored, with the bovine macrophage cell line "BOMA". 28823007 5 37 theme excretory/secretory 685:703 arg1 ES 715:716 ES 715:716 ES 715:716 The cells were matured by LPS treatment and stimulated with excretory/secretory antigens (ES) from two Fasciola hepatica isolates: a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) and a wild isolate (Fh-WildES). 28823007 5 37 theme excretory/secretory 685:703 arg1 antigens 705:712 excretory/secretory antigens 685:712 excretory/secretory antigens (ES) from two Fasciola hepatica isolates: a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) and a wild isolate (Fh-WildES) 685:829 The cells were matured by LPS treatment and stimulated with excretory/secretory antigens (ES) from two Fasciola hepatica isolates: a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) and a wild isolate (Fh-WildES). 28823007 1 38 theme bile 220:223 arg1 ducts 225:229 the bile ducts 216:229 the bile ducts of mammals 216:240 Fasciola hepatica are trematodes that reside in the bile ducts of mammals. 28823007 0 39 theme Fasciola 38:45 arg1 isolates 56:63 two Fasciola hepatica isolates 34:63 two Fasciola hepatica isolates 34:63 Excretory/secretory products from two Fasciola hepatica isolates induce different transcriptional changes and IL-10 release in LPS-activated bovine "BOMA" macrophages. 28823007 0 40 theme BOMA 149:152 arg1 macrophages 155:165 LPS-activated bovine "BOMA" macrophages 127:165 LPS-activated bovine "BOMA" macrophages 127:165 Excretory/secretory products from two Fasciola hepatica isolates induce different transcriptional changes and IL-10 release in LPS-activated bovine "BOMA" macrophages. 28823007 9 41 theme IL-10 1199:1203 arg1 secretion 1205:1213 IL-10 secretion 1199:1213 IL-10 secretion 1199:1213 Fh-ES from both isolates diminished the release of TNF-α, whereas only Fh-WildES decreased IL-10 secretion. 28823007 3 42 theme different 447:455 arg1 abilities 474:482 the different immunomodulatory abilities 443:482 the different immunomodulatory abilities of various parasite isolates 443:511 An under-represented area in F. hepatica research has been the examination of the different immunomodulatory abilities of various parasite isolates on the host immune system. 28823007 3 43 theme F. 394:395 arg1 research 406:413 F. hepatica research 394:413 F. hepatica research 394:413 An under-represented area in F. hepatica research has been the examination of the different immunomodulatory abilities of various parasite isolates on the host immune system. 28823007 10 44 from impact 1254:1259 arg1 release 1270:1276 IL-12 release 1264:1276 IL-12 release 1264:1276 Neither Fh-WeyES nor Fh-WildES had an impact on IL-12 release. 28823007 7 45 theme significant 977:987 arg1 differences 989:999 significant differences 977:999 significant differences in cytokine levels 977:1018 However, there were significant differences in cytokine levels. 28823007 3 46 theme parasite 495:502 arg1 isolates 504:511 various parasite isolates 487:511 various parasite isolates 487:511 An under-represented area in F. hepatica research has been the examination of the different immunomodulatory abilities of various parasite isolates on the host immune system. 28823007 3 47 theme hepatica 397:404 arg1 research 406:413 F. hepatica research 394:413 F. hepatica research 394:413 An under-represented area in F. hepatica research has been the examination of the different immunomodulatory abilities of various parasite isolates on the host immune system. 28823007 7 48 theme cytokine 1004:1011 arg1 levels 1013:1018 cytokine levels 1004:1018 cytokine levels 1004:1018 However, there were significant differences in cytokine levels. 28823007 3 49 theme isolates 504:511 arg1 abilities 474:482 the different immunomodulatory abilities 443:482 the different immunomodulatory abilities of various parasite isolates 443:511 An under-represented area in F. hepatica research has been the examination of the different immunomodulatory abilities of various parasite isolates on the host immune system. 28823007 6 50 theme antigen 862:868 arg1 mixtures 870:877 antigen mixtures 862:877 antigen mixtures 862:877 As expected, stimulation with antigen mixtures with highly similar compositions resulted in mild transcriptomic differences. 28823007 5 51 theme LPS 651:653 arg1 treatment 655:663 LPS treatment 651:663 LPS treatment 651:663 The cells were matured by LPS treatment and stimulated with excretory/secretory antigens (ES) from two Fasciola hepatica isolates: a laboratory isolate "Weybridge" (Fh-WeyES) and a wild isolate (Fh-WildES). 28823007 2 52 from billion 265:271 arg1 losses 276:281 losses 276:281 losses 276:281 Infection causes US$3 billion in losses annually in animal production and is considered a zoonosis of growing importance. 28823007 4 53 theme bovine 589:594 arg1 line 612:615 the bovine macrophage cell line 585:615 the bovine macrophage cell line "BOMA" 585:622 In this paper, this issue was explored, with the bovine macrophage cell line "BOMA". 28823007 2 54 theme $ 262:262 arg1 billion 265:271 US$3 billion 260:271 US$3 billion in losses 260:281 Infection causes US$3 billion in losses annually in animal production and is considered a zoonosis of growing importance. 28823007 11 55 theme bovine 1387:1392 arg1 system 1401:1406 the bovine immune system 1383:1406 the bovine immune system 1383:1406 Our results indicate that various isolates can have different immunomodulatory abilities and impacts on the bovine immune system. 28823007 3 56 theme immune 525:530 arg1 system 532:537 the host immune system 516:537 the host immune system 516:537 An under-represented area in F. hepatica research has been the examination of the different immunomodulatory abilities of various parasite isolates on the host immune system. 28823007 1 57 theme mammals 234:240 arg1 ducts 225:229 the bile ducts 216:229 the bile ducts of mammals 216:240 Fasciola hepatica are trematodes that reside in the bile ducts of mammals. 28823007 0 58 theme transcriptional 82:96 arg1 changes 98:104 different transcriptional changes 72:104 different transcriptional changes 72:104 Excretory/secretory products from two Fasciola hepatica isolates induce different transcriptional changes and IL-10 release in LPS-activated bovine "BOMA" macrophages. 28823007 2 59 theme US 260:261 arg1 billion 265:271 US$3 billion 260:271 US$3 billion in losses 260:281 Infection causes US$3 billion in losses annually in animal production and is considered a zoonosis of growing importance. 28823007 3 60 theme host 520:523 arg1 system 532:537 the host immune system 516:537 the host immune system 516:537 An under-represented area in F. hepatica research has been the examination of the different immunomodulatory abilities of various parasite isolates on the host immune system. 28823007 9 61 from isolates 1124:1131 arg1 Fh-ES 1108:1112 Fh-ES 1108:1112 Fh-ES from both isolates 1108:1131 Fh-ES from both isolates diminished the release of TNF-α, whereas only Fh-WildES decreased IL-10 secretion. 28823007 4 62 theme cell 607:610 arg1 line 612:615 the bovine macrophage cell line 585:615 the bovine macrophage cell line "BOMA" 585:622 In this paper, this issue was explored, with the bovine macrophage cell line "BOMA". 28823007 0 63 theme different 72:80 arg1 changes 98:104 different transcriptional changes 72:104 different transcriptional changes 72:104 Excretory/secretory products from two Fasciola hepatica isolates induce different transcriptional changes and IL-10 release in LPS-activated bovine "BOMA" macrophages. 28823007 3 64 from examination 428:438 arg1 system 532:537 the host immune system 516:537 the host immune system 516:537 An under-represented area in F. hepatica research has been the examination of the different immunomodulatory abilities of various parasite isolates on the host immune system. 28823007 2 65 theme importance 353:362 arg1 zoonosis 333:340 a zoonosis 331:340 a zoonosis of growing importance 331:362 Infection causes US$3 billion in losses annually in animal production and is considered a zoonosis of growing importance. 28823007 4 66 theme macrophage 596:605 arg1 line 612:615 the bovine macrophage cell line 585:615 the bovine macrophage cell line "BOMA" 585:622 In this paper, this issue was explored, with the bovine macrophage cell line "BOMA". 28224050 8 0 theme structural 1114:1123 arg1 rigidity 1125:1132 structural rigidity 1114:1132 structural rigidity 1114:1132 The exoskeleton varies in chemical composition, structural rigidity, thickness, extension, and coverage in the different regions of the colony. 28224050 4 1 theme exoskeleton 542:552 arg1 composition 523:533 composition 523:533 composition 523:533 This study compares the structure and composition of the exoskeleton and underlying coenosarc in members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata, but does so mainly in bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses. 28224050 4 1 theme exoskeleton 542:552 arg1 structure 509:517 structure 509:517 structure 509:517 This study compares the structure and composition of the exoskeleton and underlying coenosarc in members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata, but does so mainly in bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses. 28224050 4 2 from coenosarc 569:577 arg1 members 582:588 members 582:588 members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata 582:629 This study compares the structure and composition of the exoskeleton and underlying coenosarc in members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata, but does so mainly in bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses. 28224050 10 3 theme perisarc 1409:1416 arg1 extensions 1418:1427 "perisarc extensions 1408:1427 "perisarc extensions 1408:1427 The exoskeleton contains anchoring structures such as desmocytes and "perisarc extensions." 28224050 1 4 theme characters 147:156 arg1 source 137:142 an important source 124:142 an important source of characters for the taxonomy of Hydroidolina 124:189 The exoskeleton is an important source of characters for the taxonomy of Hydroidolina. 28224050 1 4 theme characters 147:156 arg1 exoskeleton 109:119 The exoskeleton 105:119 The exoskeleton 105:119 The exoskeleton is an important source of characters for the taxonomy of Hydroidolina. 28224050 6 5 theme related 836:842 arg1 types 801:805 three types 795:805 three types of glandular epidermal cells related to the origin of the exoskeleton and the secretion of its polysaccharides component 795:926 We identified three types of glandular epidermal cells related to the origin of the exoskeleton and the secretion of its polysaccharides component. 28224050 10 6 theme anchoring 1364:1372 arg1 structures 1374:1383 anchoring structures 1364:1383 anchoring structures such as desmocytes and "perisarc extensions 1364:1427 The exoskeleton contains anchoring structures such as desmocytes and "perisarc extensions." 28224050 10 6 theme anchoring 1364:1372 arg1 desmocytes 1393:1402 desmocytes 1393:1402 desmocytes 1393:1402 The exoskeleton contains anchoring structures such as desmocytes and "perisarc extensions." 28224050 10 6 theme anchoring 1364:1372 arg1 extensions 1418:1427 "perisarc extensions 1408:1427 "perisarc extensions 1408:1427 The exoskeleton contains anchoring structures such as desmocytes and "perisarc extensions." 28224050 4 7 from structure 509:517 arg1 members 582:588 members 582:588 members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata 582:629 This study compares the structure and composition of the exoskeleton and underlying coenosarc in members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata, but does so mainly in bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses. 28224050 0 8 dep Hydroidolina 43:54 arg1 Hydrozoa 67:74 Hydrozoa 67:74 Hydrozoa 67:74 Exoskeletons of Bougainvilliidae and other Hydroidolina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): structure and composition. 28224050 0 8 dep Hydroidolina 43:54 arg1 Cnidaria 57:64 Cnidaria 57:64 Cnidaria 57:64 Exoskeletons of Bougainvilliidae and other Hydroidolina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): structure and composition. 28224050 4 9 theme underlying 558:567 arg1 coenosarc 569:577 underlying coenosarc 558:577 underlying coenosarc 558:577 This study compares the structure and composition of the exoskeleton and underlying coenosarc in members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata, but does so mainly in bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses. 28224050 3 10 theme exoskeletal 340:350 arg1 origin 359:364 the exoskeletal tissue origin 336:364 the exoskeletal tissue origin 336:364 However, comparative studies on the exoskeletal tissue origin, development, chemical, and structural characteristics, as well as its evolution and homology, are few and fragmented. 28224050 6 11 theme exoskeleton 865:875 arg1 origin 851:856 the origin 847:856 the origin of the exoskeleton 847:875 We identified three types of glandular epidermal cells related to the origin of the exoskeleton and the secretion of its polysaccharides component. 28224050 6 11 theme exoskeleton 865:875 arg1 secretion 885:893 the secretion 881:893 the secretion of its polysaccharides component 881:926 We identified three types of glandular epidermal cells related to the origin of the exoskeleton and the secretion of its polysaccharides component. 28224050 7 12 dep bilayered 978:986 arg1 exoskeleton 933:943 The exoskeleton 929:943 The exoskeleton of the species studied 929:966 The exoskeleton of the species studied is either bilayered (perisarc and exosarc, especially in bougainvilliids) or corneous (perisarc). 28224050 7 12 dep bilayered 978:986 arg1 exosarc 1002:1008 exosarc 1002:1008 exosarc 1002:1008 The exoskeleton of the species studied is either bilayered (perisarc and exosarc, especially in bougainvilliids) or corneous (perisarc). 28224050 7 12 dep bilayered 978:986 arg1 either 971:976 either 971:976 either 971:976 The exoskeleton of the species studied is either bilayered (perisarc and exosarc, especially in bougainvilliids) or corneous (perisarc). 28224050 7 12 dep bilayered 978:986 arg1 perisarc 989:996 perisarc 989:996 perisarc 989:996 The exoskeleton of the species studied is either bilayered (perisarc and exosarc, especially in bougainvilliids) or corneous (perisarc). 28224050 7 12 dep bilayered 978:986 arg1 bilayered 978:986 bilayered 978:986 bilayered 978:986 The exoskeleton of the species studied is either bilayered (perisarc and exosarc, especially in bougainvilliids) or corneous (perisarc). 28224050 8 13 theme chemical 1092:1099 arg1 composition 1101:1111 chemical composition 1092:1111 chemical composition 1092:1111 The exoskeleton varies in chemical composition, structural rigidity, thickness, extension, and coverage in the different regions of the colony. 28224050 4 14 from exoskeleton 542:552 arg1 members 582:588 members 582:588 members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata 582:629 This study compares the structure and composition of the exoskeleton and underlying coenosarc in members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata, but does so mainly in bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses. 28224050 4 15 theme Leptothecata 618:629 arg1 members 582:588 members 582:588 members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata 582:629 This study compares the structure and composition of the exoskeleton and underlying coenosarc in members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata, but does so mainly in bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses. 28224050 5 16 theme exoskeleton 738:748 arg1 development 719:729 the development 715:729 the development of the exoskeleton 715:748 We also studied the development of the exoskeleton under experimental conditions. 28224050 6 17 theme cells 830:834 arg1 types 801:805 three types 795:805 three types of glandular epidermal cells related to the origin of the exoskeleton and the secretion of its polysaccharides component 795:926 We identified three types of glandular epidermal cells related to the origin of the exoskeleton and the secretion of its polysaccharides component. 28224050 9 18 theme rigid 1320:1324 arg1 exoskeleton 1326:1336 the rigid exoskeleton 1316:1336 the rigid exoskeleton 1316:1336 In bilayered exoskeletons, the exosarc is produced first and appears to be a key step in the formation of the rigid exoskeleton. 28224050 4 19 dep structure 509:517 arg1 the 505:507 the 505:507 the 505:507 This study compares the structure and composition of the exoskeleton and underlying coenosarc in members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata, but does so mainly in bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses. 28224050 2 20 theme stage 297:301 arg1 coenosarc 271:279 the coenosarc 267:279 the coenosarc of the polypoid stage 267:301 It originates as epidermal secretions and, among other functions, protects the coenosarc of the polypoid stage. 28224050 3 21 theme structural 394:403 arg1 characteristics 405:419 structural characteristics 394:419 structural characteristics 394:419 However, comparative studies on the exoskeletal tissue origin, development, chemical, and structural characteristics, as well as its evolution and homology, are few and fragmented. 28224050 4 22 from composition 523:533 arg1 members 582:588 members 582:588 members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata 582:629 This study compares the structure and composition of the exoskeleton and underlying coenosarc in members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata, but does so mainly in bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses. 28224050 2 23 theme polypoid 288:295 arg1 stage 297:301 the polypoid stage 284:301 the polypoid stage 284:301 It originates as epidermal secretions and, among other functions, protects the coenosarc of the polypoid stage. 28224050 10 24 contain contains 1355:1362 arg2 extensions 1418:1427 "perisarc extensions 1408:1427 "perisarc extensions 1408:1427 The exoskeleton contains anchoring structures such as desmocytes and "perisarc extensions." 28224050 10 24 contain contains 1355:1362 arg1 exoskeleton 1343:1353 The exoskeleton 1339:1353 The exoskeleton 1339:1353 The exoskeleton contains anchoring structures such as desmocytes and "perisarc extensions." 28224050 10 24 contain contains 1355:1362 arg2 desmocytes 1393:1402 desmocytes 1393:1402 desmocytes 1393:1402 The exoskeleton contains anchoring structures such as desmocytes and "perisarc extensions." 28224050 10 24 contain contains 1355:1362 arg2 structures 1374:1383 anchoring structures 1364:1383 anchoring structures such as desmocytes and "perisarc extensions 1364:1427 The exoskeleton contains anchoring structures such as desmocytes and "perisarc extensions." 28224050 8 25 theme colony 1202:1207 arg1 regions 1187:1193 the different regions 1173:1193 the different regions of the colony 1173:1207 The exoskeleton varies in chemical composition, structural rigidity, thickness, extension, and coverage in the different regions of the colony. 28224050 3 26 theme tissue 352:357 arg1 origin 359:364 the exoskeletal tissue origin 336:364 the exoskeletal tissue origin 336:364 However, comparative studies on the exoskeletal tissue origin, development, chemical, and structural characteristics, as well as its evolution and homology, are few and fragmented. 28224050 4 27 theme Anthoathecata 594:606 arg1 " 607:607 "Anthoathecata" 593:607 "Anthoathecata" 593:607 This study compares the structure and composition of the exoskeleton and underlying coenosarc in members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata, but does so mainly in bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses. 28224050 0 28 theme Bougainvilliidae 16:31 arg1 Exoskeletons 0:11 Exoskeletons 0:11 Exoskeletons of Bougainvilliidae and other Hydroidolina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): structure and composition. 0:103 Exoskeletons of Bougainvilliidae and other Hydroidolina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): structure and composition. 28224050 0 28 theme Bougainvilliidae 16:31 arg1 composition 92:102 composition 92:102 composition 92:102 Exoskeletons of Bougainvilliidae and other Hydroidolina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): structure and composition. 28224050 0 28 theme Bougainvilliidae 16:31 arg1 structure 78:86 structure 78:86 structure 78:86 Exoskeletons of Bougainvilliidae and other Hydroidolina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): structure and composition. 28224050 9 29 theme key 1287:1289 arg1 step 1291:1294 a key step 1285:1294 a key step 1285:1294 In bilayered exoskeletons, the exosarc is produced first and appears to be a key step in the formation of the rigid exoskeleton. 28224050 9 29 theme key 1287:1289 arg1 exosarc 1241:1247 the exosarc 1237:1247 the exosarc 1237:1247 In bilayered exoskeletons, the exosarc is produced first and appears to be a key step in the formation of the rigid exoskeleton. 28224050 9 30 from step 1291:1294 arg1 formation 1303:1311 the formation 1299:1311 the formation of the rigid exoskeleton 1299:1336 In bilayered exoskeletons, the exosarc is produced first and appears to be a key step in the formation of the rigid exoskeleton. 28224050 3 31 from studies 325:331 arg1 origin 359:364 the exoskeletal tissue origin 336:364 the exoskeletal tissue origin 336:364 However, comparative studies on the exoskeletal tissue origin, development, chemical, and structural characteristics, as well as its evolution and homology, are few and fragmented. 28224050 3 31 from studies 325:331 arg1 development 367:377 development 367:377 development 367:377 However, comparative studies on the exoskeletal tissue origin, development, chemical, and structural characteristics, as well as its evolution and homology, are few and fragmented. 28224050 3 31 from studies 325:331 arg1 characteristics 405:419 structural characteristics 394:419 structural characteristics 394:419 However, comparative studies on the exoskeletal tissue origin, development, chemical, and structural characteristics, as well as its evolution and homology, are few and fragmented. 28224050 3 31 from studies 325:331 arg1 chemical 380:387 chemical 380:387 chemical 380:387 However, comparative studies on the exoskeletal tissue origin, development, chemical, and structural characteristics, as well as its evolution and homology, are few and fragmented. 28224050 3 31 from studies 325:331 arg1 evolution 437:445 evolution 437:445 evolution 437:445 However, comparative studies on the exoskeletal tissue origin, development, chemical, and structural characteristics, as well as its evolution and homology, are few and fragmented. 28224050 0 32 theme Hydroidolina 43:54 arg1 Exoskeletons 0:11 Exoskeletons 0:11 Exoskeletons of Bougainvilliidae and other Hydroidolina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): structure and composition. 0:103 Exoskeletons of Bougainvilliidae and other Hydroidolina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): structure and composition. 28224050 0 32 theme Hydroidolina 43:54 arg1 composition 92:102 composition 92:102 composition 92:102 Exoskeletons of Bougainvilliidae and other Hydroidolina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): structure and composition. 28224050 0 32 theme Hydroidolina 43:54 arg1 structure 78:86 structure 78:86 structure 78:86 Exoskeletons of Bougainvilliidae and other Hydroidolina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): structure and composition. 28224050 7 33 dep either 971:976 arg1 exoskeleton 933:943 The exoskeleton 929:943 The exoskeleton of the species studied 929:966 The exoskeleton of the species studied is either bilayered (perisarc and exosarc, especially in bougainvilliids) or corneous (perisarc). 28224050 7 33 dep either 971:976 arg1 exosarc 1002:1008 exosarc 1002:1008 exosarc 1002:1008 The exoskeleton of the species studied is either bilayered (perisarc and exosarc, especially in bougainvilliids) or corneous (perisarc). 28224050 7 33 dep either 971:976 arg1 either 971:976 either 971:976 either 971:976 The exoskeleton of the species studied is either bilayered (perisarc and exosarc, especially in bougainvilliids) or corneous (perisarc). 28224050 7 33 dep either 971:976 arg1 perisarc 989:996 perisarc 989:996 perisarc 989:996 The exoskeleton of the species studied is either bilayered (perisarc and exosarc, especially in bougainvilliids) or corneous (perisarc). 28224050 7 33 dep either 971:976 arg1 bilayered 978:986 bilayered 978:986 bilayered 978:986 The exoskeleton of the species studied is either bilayered (perisarc and exosarc, especially in bougainvilliids) or corneous (perisarc). 28224050 7 34 from perisarc 989:996 arg1 bougainvilliids 1025:1039 bougainvilliids 1025:1039 bougainvilliids 1025:1039 The exoskeleton of the species studied is either bilayered (perisarc and exosarc, especially in bougainvilliids) or corneous (perisarc). 28224050 0 35 theme other 37:41 arg1 Hydroidolina 43:54 other Hydroidolina 37:54 other Hydroidolina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) 37:75 Exoskeletons of Bougainvilliidae and other Hydroidolina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): structure and composition. 28224050 4 36 dep exoskeleton 542:552 arg1 the 538:540 the 538:540 the 538:540 This study compares the structure and composition of the exoskeleton and underlying coenosarc in members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata, but does so mainly in bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses. 28224050 9 37 theme exoskeleton 1326:1336 arg1 formation 1303:1311 the formation 1299:1311 the formation of the rigid exoskeleton 1299:1336 In bilayered exoskeletons, the exosarc is produced first and appears to be a key step in the formation of the rigid exoskeleton. 28224050 4 38 theme " 607:607 arg1 members 582:588 members 582:588 members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata 582:629 This study compares the structure and composition of the exoskeleton and underlying coenosarc in members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata, but does so mainly in bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses. 28224050 5 39 theme experimental 756:767 arg1 conditions 769:778 experimental conditions 756:778 experimental conditions 756:778 We also studied the development of the exoskeleton under experimental conditions. 28224050 6 40 theme component 918:926 arg1 origin 851:856 the origin 847:856 the origin of the exoskeleton 847:875 We identified three types of glandular epidermal cells related to the origin of the exoskeleton and the secretion of its polysaccharides component. 28224050 6 40 theme component 918:926 arg1 secretion 885:893 the secretion 881:893 the secretion of its polysaccharides component 881:926 We identified three types of glandular epidermal cells related to the origin of the exoskeleton and the secretion of its polysaccharides component. 28224050 4 41 from members 582:588 arg1 composition 523:533 composition 523:533 composition 523:533 This study compares the structure and composition of the exoskeleton and underlying coenosarc in members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata, but does so mainly in bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses. 28224050 4 41 from members 582:588 arg1 structure 509:517 structure 509:517 structure 509:517 This study compares the structure and composition of the exoskeleton and underlying coenosarc in members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata, but does so mainly in bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses. 28224050 2 42 theme epidermal 209:217 arg1 secretions 219:228 epidermal secretions 209:228 epidermal secretions 209:228 It originates as epidermal secretions and, among other functions, protects the coenosarc of the polypoid stage. 28224050 4 43 theme polyps 669:674 arg1 analyses 689:696 bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses 654:696 bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses 654:696 This study compares the structure and composition of the exoskeleton and underlying coenosarc in members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata, but does so mainly in bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses. 28224050 8 44 theme different 1177:1185 arg1 regions 1187:1193 the different regions 1173:1193 the different regions of the colony 1173:1207 The exoskeleton varies in chemical composition, structural rigidity, thickness, extension, and coverage in the different regions of the colony. 28224050 6 45 theme polysaccharides 902:916 arg1 component 918:926 its polysaccharides component 898:926 its polysaccharides component 898:926 We identified three types of glandular epidermal cells related to the origin of the exoskeleton and the secretion of its polysaccharides component. 28224050 6 46 theme epidermal 820:828 arg1 cells 830:834 glandular epidermal cells 810:834 glandular epidermal cells 810:834 We identified three types of glandular epidermal cells related to the origin of the exoskeleton and the secretion of its polysaccharides component. 28224050 9 47 theme bilayered 1213:1221 arg1 exoskeletons 1223:1234 bilayered exoskeletons 1213:1234 bilayered exoskeletons 1213:1234 In bilayered exoskeletons, the exosarc is produced first and appears to be a key step in the formation of the rigid exoskeleton. 28224050 4 48 theme bougainvilliid 654:667 arg1 analyses 689:696 bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses 654:696 bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses 654:696 This study compares the structure and composition of the exoskeleton and underlying coenosarc in members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata, but does so mainly in bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses. 28224050 6 49 theme glandular 810:818 arg1 cells 830:834 glandular epidermal cells 810:834 glandular epidermal cells 810:834 We identified three types of glandular epidermal cells related to the origin of the exoskeleton and the secretion of its polysaccharides component. 28224050 7 50 from exosarc 1002:1008 arg1 bougainvilliids 1025:1039 bougainvilliids 1025:1039 bougainvilliids 1025:1039 The exoskeleton of the species studied is either bilayered (perisarc and exosarc, especially in bougainvilliids) or corneous (perisarc). 28224050 2 51 theme other 241:245 arg1 functions 247:255 other functions 241:255 other functions 241:255 It originates as epidermal secretions and, among other functions, protects the coenosarc of the polypoid stage. 28224050 4 52 theme histological 676:687 arg1 analyses 689:696 bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses 654:696 bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses 654:696 This study compares the structure and composition of the exoskeleton and underlying coenosarc in members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata, but does so mainly in bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses. 28224050 4 53 theme coenosarc 569:577 arg1 composition 523:533 composition 523:533 composition 523:533 This study compares the structure and composition of the exoskeleton and underlying coenosarc in members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata, but does so mainly in bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses. 28224050 4 53 theme coenosarc 569:577 arg1 structure 509:517 structure 509:517 structure 509:517 This study compares the structure and composition of the exoskeleton and underlying coenosarc in members of "Anthoathecata" and some Leptothecata, but does so mainly in bougainvilliid polyps histological analyses. 28224050 1 54 theme Hydroidolina 178:189 arg1 taxonomy 166:173 the taxonomy 162:173 the taxonomy of Hydroidolina 162:189 The exoskeleton is an important source of characters for the taxonomy of Hydroidolina. 28224050 1 55 theme important 127:135 arg1 source 137:142 an important source 124:142 an important source of characters for the taxonomy of Hydroidolina 124:189 The exoskeleton is an important source of characters for the taxonomy of Hydroidolina. 28224050 1 55 theme important 127:135 arg1 exoskeleton 109:119 The exoskeleton 105:119 The exoskeleton 105:119 The exoskeleton is an important source of characters for the taxonomy of Hydroidolina. 28224050 10 56 dep contains 1355:1362 arg1 " 1429:1429 " 1429:1429 " 1429:1429 The exoskeleton contains anchoring structures such as desmocytes and "perisarc extensions." 28224050 2 57 dep originates 195:204 arg1 protects 258:265 protects 258:265 protects the coenosarc of the polypoid stage 258:301 It originates as epidermal secretions and, among other functions, protects the coenosarc of the polypoid stage. 28224050 3 58 theme comparative 313:323 arg1 studies 325:331 comparative studies 313:331 comparative studies on the exoskeletal tissue origin, development, chemical, and structural characteristics, as well as its evolution and homology, 313:459 However, comparative studies on the exoskeletal tissue origin, development, chemical, and structural characteristics, as well as its evolution and homology, are few and fragmented. 28224050 0 59 dep Exoskeletons 0:11 arg1 Exoskeletons 0:11 Exoskeletons 0:11 Exoskeletons of Bougainvilliidae and other Hydroidolina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): structure and composition. 0:103 Exoskeletons of Bougainvilliidae and other Hydroidolina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): structure and composition. 28224050 0 59 dep Exoskeletons 0:11 arg1 composition 92:102 composition 92:102 composition 92:102 Exoskeletons of Bougainvilliidae and other Hydroidolina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): structure and composition. 28224050 0 59 dep Exoskeletons 0:11 arg1 structure 78:86 structure 78:86 structure 78:86 Exoskeletons of Bougainvilliidae and other Hydroidolina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): structure and composition. 28224050 7 60 theme species 952:958 arg1 exoskeleton 933:943 The exoskeleton 929:943 The exoskeleton of the species studied 929:966 The exoskeleton of the species studied is either bilayered (perisarc and exosarc, especially in bougainvilliids) or corneous (perisarc). 28224050 7 60 theme species 952:958 arg1 exosarc 1002:1008 exosarc 1002:1008 exosarc 1002:1008 The exoskeleton of the species studied is either bilayered (perisarc and exosarc, especially in bougainvilliids) or corneous (perisarc). 28224050 7 60 theme species 952:958 arg1 either 971:976 either 971:976 either 971:976 The exoskeleton of the species studied is either bilayered (perisarc and exosarc, especially in bougainvilliids) or corneous (perisarc). 28224050 7 60 theme species 952:958 arg1 perisarc 989:996 perisarc 989:996 perisarc 989:996 The exoskeleton of the species studied is either bilayered (perisarc and exosarc, especially in bougainvilliids) or corneous (perisarc). 28224050 7 60 theme species 952:958 arg1 bilayered 978:986 bilayered 978:986 bilayered 978:986 The exoskeleton of the species studied is either bilayered (perisarc and exosarc, especially in bougainvilliids) or corneous (perisarc). 25037879 3 0 theme oxidase-negative 296:311 arg1 rods 328:331 Gram-staining-positive, motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, spore-forming rods 242:331 Gram-staining-positive, motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, spore-forming rods 242:331 Cells were Gram-staining-positive, motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, spore-forming rods. 25037879 4 1 theme w/v 433:435 arg1 NaCl 455:458 optimum 1% NaCl 444:458 optimum 1% NaCl 444:458 The isolate grew aerobically at 30-50°C (optimum at 45°C), pH 2.0-6.0 (optimum pH 3.2) and 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1% NaCl). 25037879 4 1 theme w/v 433:435 arg1 NaCl 438:441 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl 425:441 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1% NaCl) 425:459 The isolate grew aerobically at 30-50°C (optimum at 45°C), pH 2.0-6.0 (optimum pH 3.2) and 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1% NaCl). 25037879 4 2 theme % 430:430 arg1 NaCl 455:458 optimum 1% NaCl 444:458 optimum 1% NaCl 444:458 The isolate grew aerobically at 30-50°C (optimum at 45°C), pH 2.0-6.0 (optimum pH 3.2) and 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1% NaCl). 25037879 4 2 theme % 430:430 arg1 NaCl 438:441 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl 425:441 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1% NaCl) 425:459 The isolate grew aerobically at 30-50°C (optimum at 45°C), pH 2.0-6.0 (optimum pH 3.2) and 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1% NaCl). 25037879 6 3 theme Tumebacillus 944:955 arg1 species 923:929 species 923:929 species of the genus Tumebacillus 923:955 Similarity to other species of the genus Alicyclobacillus was 90.3-92.8% and similarity to species of the genus Tumebacillus was 85.9-87.8%. 25037879 5 4 theme genus 564:568 arg1 Alicyclobacillus 570:585 the genus Alicyclobacillus 560:585 the genus Alicyclobacillus with the sequence similarity of 92.3, 92.4, 92.5, and 92.8% to Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH(T), Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34(T), Alicyclobacillus contaminans 3-A191(T) and Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11(T), respectively 560:829 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain ACK006(T) belongs to the genus Alicyclobacillus with the sequence similarity of 92.3, 92.4, 92.5, and 92.8% to Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH(T), Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34(T), Alicyclobacillus contaminans 3-A191(T) and Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11(T), respectively. 25037879 5 5 theme % 645:645 arg1 similarity 605:614 the sequence similarity 592:614 the sequence similarity of 92.3, 92.4, 92.5, and 92.8% to Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH(T), Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34(T), Alicyclobacillus contaminans 3-A191(T) and Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11(T), respectively 592:829 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain ACK006(T) belongs to the genus Alicyclobacillus with the sequence similarity of 92.3, 92.4, 92.5, and 92.8% to Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH(T), Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34(T), Alicyclobacillus contaminans 3-A191(T) and Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11(T), respectively. 25037879 7 6 theme genomic 977:983 arg1 content 993:999 The genomic DNA G+C content 973:999 The genomic DNA G+C content 973:999 The genomic DNA G+C content was 53.7 mol%. 25037879 7 6 theme genomic 977:983 arg1 % 1013:1013 53.7 mol% 1005:1013 53.7 mol% 1005:1013 The genomic DNA G+C content was 53.7 mol%. 25037879 4 7 theme at 383:384 arg1 30-50°C 366:372 30-50°C 366:372 30-50°C (optimum at 45°C) 366:390 The isolate grew aerobically at 30-50°C (optimum at 45°C), pH 2.0-6.0 (optimum pH 3.2) and 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1% NaCl). 25037879 4 7 theme at 383:384 arg1 45°C 386:389 optimum at 45°C 375:389 optimum at 45°C 375:389 The isolate grew aerobically at 30-50°C (optimum at 45°C), pH 2.0-6.0 (optimum pH 3.2) and 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1% NaCl). 25037879 6 8 theme genus 938:942 arg1 Tumebacillus 944:955 the genus Tumebacillus 934:955 the genus Tumebacillus 934:955 Similarity to other species of the genus Alicyclobacillus was 90.3-92.8% and similarity to species of the genus Tumebacillus was 85.9-87.8%. 25037879 13 9 theme =DSM 1487:1490 arg1 T 1498:1498 T 1498:1498 T 1498:1498 The type strain is ACK006(T) (=KCTC 33022(T) =DSM 25924(T)). 25037879 13 9 theme =DSM 1487:1490 arg1 25924 1492:1496 =KCTC 33022(T) =DSM 25924 1472:1496 =KCTC 33022(T) =DSM 25924(T) 1472:1499 The type strain is ACK006(T) (=KCTC 33022(T) =DSM 25924(T)). 25037879 11 10 theme polyphasic 1258:1267 arg1 analysis 1269:1276 polyphasic analysis 1258:1276 polyphasic analysis from this study 1258:1292 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain ACK006(T) represents a novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus for which the name Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp. 25037879 2 11 theme thermo-acidophilic 106:123 arg1 bacterium 125:133 A thermo-acidophilic bacterium 104:133 A thermo-acidophilic bacterium 104:133 A thermo-acidophilic bacterium, designated strain ACK006(T), was isolated from the soil of a hot spring at Tengchong in China. 25037879 4 12 theme optimum 375:381 arg1 30-50°C 366:372 30-50°C 366:372 30-50°C (optimum at 45°C) 366:390 The isolate grew aerobically at 30-50°C (optimum at 45°C), pH 2.0-6.0 (optimum pH 3.2) and 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1% NaCl). 25037879 4 12 theme optimum 375:381 arg1 45°C 386:389 optimum at 45°C 375:389 optimum at 45°C 375:389 The isolate grew aerobically at 30-50°C (optimum at 45°C), pH 2.0-6.0 (optimum pH 3.2) and 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1% NaCl). 25037879 5 13 dep Alicyclobacillus 774:789 arg1 disulfidooxidans 791:806 disulfidooxidans 791:806 disulfidooxidans 791:806 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain ACK006(T) belongs to the genus Alicyclobacillus with the sequence similarity of 92.3, 92.4, 92.5, and 92.8% to Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH(T), Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34(T), Alicyclobacillus contaminans 3-A191(T) and Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11(T), respectively. 25037879 6 14 theme other 846:850 arg1 species 852:858 other species 846:858 other species of the genus Alicyclobacillus 846:888 Similarity to other species of the genus Alicyclobacillus was 90.3-92.8% and similarity to species of the genus Tumebacillus was 85.9-87.8%. 25037879 10 15 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1185:1203 arg1 acid 1236:1239 the diagnostic diamino acid 1213:1239 the diagnostic diamino acid 1213:1239 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was the A1γ type; containing meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25037879 10 15 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1185:1203 arg1 acid 1205:1208 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1185:1208 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1185:1208 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was the A1γ type; containing meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25037879 11 16 theme Alicyclobacillus 1352:1367 arg1 species 1331:1337 a novel species 1323:1337 a novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus for which the name Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp 1323:1421 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain ACK006(T) represents a novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus for which the name Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp. 25037879 4 17 from 45°C 386:389 arg1 at 383:384 optimum at 45°C 375:389 optimum at 45°C 375:389 The isolate grew aerobically at 30-50°C (optimum at 45°C), pH 2.0-6.0 (optimum pH 3.2) and 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1% NaCl). 25037879 5 18 theme strain 532:537 arg1 T 546:546 T 546:546 T 546:546 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain ACK006(T) belongs to the genus Alicyclobacillus with the sequence similarity of 92.3, 92.4, 92.5, and 92.8% to Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH(T), Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34(T), Alicyclobacillus contaminans 3-A191(T) and Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11(T), respectively. 25037879 5 18 theme strain 532:537 arg1 ACK006 539:544 strain ACK006 532:544 strain ACK006(T) 532:547 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain ACK006(T) belongs to the genus Alicyclobacillus with the sequence similarity of 92.3, 92.4, 92.5, and 92.8% to Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH(T), Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34(T), Alicyclobacillus contaminans 3-A191(T) and Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11(T), respectively. 25037879 11 19 theme genus 1346:1350 arg1 Alicyclobacillus 1352:1367 the genus Alicyclobacillus 1342:1367 the genus Alicyclobacillus 1342:1367 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain ACK006(T) represents a novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus for which the name Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp. 25037879 13 20 theme type 1446:1449 arg1 ACK006 1461:1466 ACK006 1461:1466 ACK006 1461:1466 The type strain is ACK006(T) (=KCTC 33022(T) =DSM 25924(T)). 25037879 13 20 theme type 1446:1449 arg1 strain 1451:1456 The type strain 1442:1456 The type strain 1442:1456 The type strain is ACK006(T) (=KCTC 33022(T) =DSM 25924(T)). 25037879 10 21 theme cell-wall 1132:1140 arg1 peptidoglycan 1142:1154 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1128:1154 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1128:1154 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was the A1γ type; containing meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25037879 10 21 theme cell-wall 1132:1140 arg1 type 1168:1171 the A1γ type 1160:1171 the A1γ type 1160:1171 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was the A1γ type; containing meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25037879 2 22 from soil 187:190 arg1 China 224:228 China 224:228 China 224:228 A thermo-acidophilic bacterium, designated strain ACK006(T), was isolated from the soil of a hot spring at Tengchong in China. 25037879 2 22 from soil 187:190 arg1 Tengchong 211:219 Tengchong 211:219 Tengchong 211:219 A thermo-acidophilic bacterium, designated strain ACK006(T), was isolated from the soil of a hot spring at Tengchong in China. 25037879 13 23 theme T 1484:1484 arg1 T 1498:1498 T 1498:1498 T 1498:1498 The type strain is ACK006(T) (=KCTC 33022(T) =DSM 25924(T)). 25037879 13 23 theme T 1484:1484 arg1 25924 1492:1496 =KCTC 33022(T) =DSM 25924 1472:1496 =KCTC 33022(T) =DSM 25924(T) 1472:1499 The type strain is ACK006(T) (=KCTC 33022(T) =DSM 25924(T)). 25037879 1 24 theme hot 87:89 arg1 soil 98:101 hot spring soil 87:101 hot spring soil 87:101 nov., a thermo-acidophilic bacterium isolated from hot spring soil. 25037879 0 25 theme tengchongensis 17:30 arg1 sp 32:33 Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp 0:33 Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp. 0:34 Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp. 25037879 2 26 theme strain 147:152 arg1 ACK006 154:159 strain ACK006 147:159 strain ACK006(T) 147:162 A thermo-acidophilic bacterium, designated strain ACK006(T), was isolated from the soil of a hot spring at Tengchong in China. 25037879 2 26 theme strain 147:152 arg1 T 161:161 T 161:161 T 161:161 A thermo-acidophilic bacterium, designated strain ACK006(T), was isolated from the soil of a hot spring at Tengchong in China. 25037879 1 27 theme spring 91:96 arg1 soil 98:101 hot spring soil 87:101 hot spring soil 87:101 nov., a thermo-acidophilic bacterium isolated from hot spring soil. 25037879 2 28 from spring 201:206 arg1 China 224:228 China 224:228 China 224:228 A thermo-acidophilic bacterium, designated strain ACK006(T), was isolated from the soil of a hot spring at Tengchong in China. 25037879 0 29 theme Alicyclobacillus 0:15 arg1 sp 32:33 Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp 0:33 Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp. 0:34 Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp. 25037879 5 30 dep Alicyclobacillus 650:665 arg1 cycloheptanicus 667:681 cycloheptanicus 667:681 cycloheptanicus 667:681 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain ACK006(T) belongs to the genus Alicyclobacillus with the sequence similarity of 92.3, 92.4, 92.5, and 92.8% to Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH(T), Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34(T), Alicyclobacillus contaminans 3-A191(T) and Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11(T), respectively. 25037879 5 31 theme 16S 493:495 arg1 sequences 507:515 16S rRNA gene sequences 493:515 16S rRNA gene sequences 493:515 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain ACK006(T) belongs to the genus Alicyclobacillus with the sequence similarity of 92.3, 92.4, 92.5, and 92.8% to Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH(T), Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34(T), Alicyclobacillus contaminans 3-A191(T) and Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11(T), respectively. 25037879 5 32 with Alicyclobacillus 570:585 arg1 similarity 605:614 the sequence similarity 592:614 the sequence similarity of 92.3, 92.4, 92.5, and 92.8% to Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH(T), Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34(T), Alicyclobacillus contaminans 3-A191(T) and Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11(T), respectively 592:829 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain ACK006(T) belongs to the genus Alicyclobacillus with the sequence similarity of 92.3, 92.4, 92.5, and 92.8% to Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH(T), Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34(T), Alicyclobacillus contaminans 3-A191(T) and Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11(T), respectively. 25037879 9 33 theme Major 1054:1058 arg1 acids 1066:1070 Major fatty acids 1054:1070 Major fatty acids 1054:1070 Major fatty acids were ω-cycloheptane C18:0, iso-C17:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25037879 3 34 theme Gram-staining-positive 242:263 arg1 rods 328:331 Gram-staining-positive, motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, spore-forming rods 242:331 Gram-staining-positive, motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, spore-forming rods 242:331 Cells were Gram-staining-positive, motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, spore-forming rods. 25037879 5 35 theme rRNA 497:500 arg1 sequences 507:515 16S rRNA gene sequences 493:515 16S rRNA gene sequences 493:515 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain ACK006(T) belongs to the genus Alicyclobacillus with the sequence similarity of 92.3, 92.4, 92.5, and 92.8% to Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH(T), Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34(T), Alicyclobacillus contaminans 3-A191(T) and Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11(T), respectively. 25037879 2 36 from Tengchong 211:219 arg1 spring 201:206 a hot spring 195:206 a hot spring at Tengchong in China 195:228 A thermo-acidophilic bacterium, designated strain ACK006(T), was isolated from the soil of a hot spring at Tengchong in China. 25037879 2 36 from Tengchong 211:219 arg1 soil 187:190 the soil 183:190 the soil of a hot spring at Tengchong in China 183:228 A thermo-acidophilic bacterium, designated strain ACK006(T), was isolated from the soil of a hot spring at Tengchong in China. 25037879 7 37 theme mol 1010:1012 arg1 content 993:999 The genomic DNA G+C content 973:999 The genomic DNA G+C content 973:999 The genomic DNA G+C content was 53.7 mol%. 25037879 7 37 theme mol 1010:1012 arg1 % 1013:1013 53.7 mol% 1005:1013 53.7 mol% 1005:1013 The genomic DNA G+C content was 53.7 mol%. 25037879 11 38 theme strain 1295:1300 arg1 ACK006 1302:1307 strain ACK006 1295:1307 strain ACK006(T) 1295:1310 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain ACK006(T) represents a novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus for which the name Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp. 25037879 11 38 theme strain 1295:1300 arg1 T 1309:1309 T 1309:1309 T 1309:1309 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain ACK006(T) represents a novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus for which the name Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp. 25037879 2 39 attach isolated 169:176 arg1 soil 187:190 the soil 183:190 the soil of a hot spring at Tengchong in China 183:228 A thermo-acidophilic bacterium, designated strain ACK006(T), was isolated from the soil of a hot spring at Tengchong in China. 25037879 2 39 attach isolated 169:176 arg2 bacterium 125:133 A thermo-acidophilic bacterium 104:133 A thermo-acidophilic bacterium 104:133 A thermo-acidophilic bacterium, designated strain ACK006(T), was isolated from the soil of a hot spring at Tengchong in China. 25037879 13 40 theme =KCTC 1472:1476 arg1 T 1498:1498 T 1498:1498 T 1498:1498 The type strain is ACK006(T) (=KCTC 33022(T) =DSM 25924(T)). 25037879 13 40 theme =KCTC 1472:1476 arg1 25924 1492:1496 =KCTC 33022(T) =DSM 25924 1472:1496 =KCTC 33022(T) =DSM 25924(T) 1472:1499 The type strain is ACK006(T) (=KCTC 33022(T) =DSM 25924(T)). 25037879 4 41 theme optimum 405:411 arg1 pH 413:414 optimum pH 3.2 405:418 optimum pH 3.2 405:418 The isolate grew aerobically at 30-50°C (optimum at 45°C), pH 2.0-6.0 (optimum pH 3.2) and 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1% NaCl). 25037879 4 41 theme optimum 405:411 arg1 pH 393:394 pH 2.0-6.0 393:402 pH 2.0-6.0 (optimum pH 3.2) 393:419 The isolate grew aerobically at 30-50°C (optimum at 45°C), pH 2.0-6.0 (optimum pH 3.2) and 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1% NaCl). 25037879 2 42 from China 224:228 arg1 soil 187:190 the soil 183:190 the soil of a hot spring at Tengchong in China 183:228 A thermo-acidophilic bacterium, designated strain ACK006(T), was isolated from the soil of a hot spring at Tengchong in China. 25037879 5 43 theme Alicyclobacillus 650:665 arg1 T 814:814 T 814:814 T 814:814 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain ACK006(T) belongs to the genus Alicyclobacillus with the sequence similarity of 92.3, 92.4, 92.5, and 92.8% to Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH(T), Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34(T), Alicyclobacillus contaminans 3-A191(T) and Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11(T), respectively. 25037879 5 43 theme Alicyclobacillus 650:665 arg1 T 687:687 T 687:687 T 687:687 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain ACK006(T) belongs to the genus Alicyclobacillus with the sequence similarity of 92.3, 92.4, 92.5, and 92.8% to Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH(T), Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34(T), Alicyclobacillus contaminans 3-A191(T) and Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11(T), respectively. 25037879 5 43 theme Alicyclobacillus 650:665 arg1 SCH 683:685 Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH 650:685 Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH(T) 650:688 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain ACK006(T) belongs to the genus Alicyclobacillus with the sequence similarity of 92.3, 92.4, 92.5, and 92.8% to Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH(T), Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34(T), Alicyclobacillus contaminans 3-A191(T) and Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11(T), respectively. 25037879 11 44 theme name 1383:1386 arg1 sp 1420:1421 the name Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp 1379:1421 the name Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp 1379:1421 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain ACK006(T) represents a novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus for which the name Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp. 25037879 9 45 theme ω-cycloheptane 1077:1090 arg1 C18:0 1092:1096 ω-cycloheptane C18:0 1077:1096 ω-cycloheptane C18:0 1077:1096 Major fatty acids were ω-cycloheptane C18:0, iso-C17:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25037879 2 46 theme spring 201:206 arg1 soil 187:190 the soil 183:190 the soil of a hot spring at Tengchong in China 183:228 A thermo-acidophilic bacterium, designated strain ACK006(T), was isolated from the soil of a hot spring at Tengchong in China. 25037879 13 47 dep ACK006 1461:1466 arg1 T 1498:1498 T 1498:1498 T 1498:1498 The type strain is ACK006(T) (=KCTC 33022(T) =DSM 25924(T)). 25037879 13 47 dep ACK006 1461:1466 arg1 25924 1492:1496 =KCTC 33022(T) =DSM 25924 1472:1496 =KCTC 33022(T) =DSM 25924(T) 1472:1499 The type strain is ACK006(T) (=KCTC 33022(T) =DSM 25924(T)). 25037879 7 48 theme DNA 985:987 arg1 content 993:999 The genomic DNA G+C content 973:999 The genomic DNA G+C content 973:999 The genomic DNA G+C content was 53.7 mol%. 25037879 7 48 theme DNA 985:987 arg1 % 1013:1013 53.7 mol% 1005:1013 53.7 mol% 1005:1013 The genomic DNA G+C content was 53.7 mol%. 25037879 4 49 theme optimum 444:450 arg1 NaCl 455:458 optimum 1% NaCl 444:458 optimum 1% NaCl 444:458 The isolate grew aerobically at 30-50°C (optimum at 45°C), pH 2.0-6.0 (optimum pH 3.2) and 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1% NaCl). 25037879 4 49 theme optimum 444:450 arg1 NaCl 438:441 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl 425:441 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1% NaCl) 425:459 The isolate grew aerobically at 30-50°C (optimum at 45°C), pH 2.0-6.0 (optimum pH 3.2) and 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1% NaCl). 25037879 3 50 theme catalase-positive 274:290 arg1 rods 328:331 Gram-staining-positive, motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, spore-forming rods 242:331 Gram-staining-positive, motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, spore-forming rods 242:331 Cells were Gram-staining-positive, motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, spore-forming rods. 25037879 2 51 theme hot 197:199 arg1 spring 201:206 a hot spring 195:206 a hot spring at Tengchong in China 195:228 A thermo-acidophilic bacterium, designated strain ACK006(T), was isolated from the soil of a hot spring at Tengchong in China. 25037879 9 52 theme fatty 1060:1064 arg1 acids 1066:1070 Major fatty acids 1054:1070 Major fatty acids 1054:1070 Major fatty acids were ω-cycloheptane C18:0, iso-C17:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25037879 7 53 theme G+C 989:991 arg1 content 993:999 The genomic DNA G+C content 973:999 The genomic DNA G+C content 973:999 The genomic DNA G+C content was 53.7 mol%. 25037879 7 53 theme G+C 989:991 arg1 % 1013:1013 53.7 mol% 1005:1013 53.7 mol% 1005:1013 The genomic DNA G+C content was 53.7 mol%. 25037879 11 54 dep Alicyclobacillus 1388:1403 arg1 tengchongensis 1405:1418 tengchongensis 1405:1418 tengchongensis 1405:1418 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain ACK006(T) represents a novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus for which the name Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp. 25037879 5 55 theme sequence 596:603 arg1 similarity 605:614 the sequence similarity 592:614 the sequence similarity of 92.3, 92.4, 92.5, and 92.8% to Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH(T), Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34(T), Alicyclobacillus contaminans 3-A191(T) and Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11(T), respectively 592:829 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain ACK006(T) belongs to the genus Alicyclobacillus with the sequence similarity of 92.3, 92.4, 92.5, and 92.8% to Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH(T), Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34(T), Alicyclobacillus contaminans 3-A191(T) and Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11(T), respectively. 25037879 5 56 theme Phylogenetic 462:473 arg1 analyses 475:482 Phylogenetic analyses 462:482 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 462:515 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain ACK006(T) belongs to the genus Alicyclobacillus with the sequence similarity of 92.3, 92.4, 92.5, and 92.8% to Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH(T), Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34(T), Alicyclobacillus contaminans 3-A191(T) and Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11(T), respectively. 25037879 4 57 theme % 453:453 arg1 NaCl 455:458 optimum 1% NaCl 444:458 optimum 1% NaCl 444:458 The isolate grew aerobically at 30-50°C (optimum at 45°C), pH 2.0-6.0 (optimum pH 3.2) and 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1% NaCl). 25037879 4 57 theme % 453:453 arg1 NaCl 438:441 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl 425:441 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1% NaCl) 425:459 The isolate grew aerobically at 30-50°C (optimum at 45°C), pH 2.0-6.0 (optimum pH 3.2) and 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1% NaCl). 25037879 3 58 theme motile 266:271 arg1 rods 328:331 Gram-staining-positive, motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, spore-forming rods 242:331 Gram-staining-positive, motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, spore-forming rods 242:331 Cells were Gram-staining-positive, motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, spore-forming rods. 25037879 5 59 theme gene 502:505 arg1 sequences 507:515 16S rRNA gene sequences 493:515 16S rRNA gene sequences 493:515 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain ACK006(T) belongs to the genus Alicyclobacillus with the sequence similarity of 92.3, 92.4, 92.5, and 92.8% to Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH(T), Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34(T), Alicyclobacillus contaminans 3-A191(T) and Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11(T), respectively. 25037879 5 60 theme Alicyclobacillus 774:789 arg1 SD-11 808:812 Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11 774:812 Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11 774:812 Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain ACK006(T) belongs to the genus Alicyclobacillus with the sequence similarity of 92.3, 92.4, 92.5, and 92.8% to Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH(T), Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34(T), Alicyclobacillus contaminans 3-A191(T) and Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11(T), respectively. 25037879 11 61 theme novel 1325:1329 arg1 species 1331:1337 a novel species 1323:1337 a novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus for which the name Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp 1323:1421 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain ACK006(T) represents a novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus for which the name Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp. 25037879 11 62 dep analysis 1269:1276 arg1 the 1245:1247 the 1245:1247 the 1245:1247 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain ACK006(T) represents a novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus for which the name Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp. 25037879 11 62 dep analysis 1269:1276 arg1 basis 1249:1253 basis 1249:1253 basis 1249:1253 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain ACK006(T) represents a novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus for which the name Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp. 25037879 10 63 theme diamino 1228:1234 arg1 acid 1236:1239 the diagnostic diamino acid 1213:1239 the diagnostic diamino acid 1213:1239 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was the A1γ type; containing meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25037879 10 63 theme diamino 1228:1234 arg1 acid 1205:1208 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1185:1208 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1185:1208 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was the A1γ type; containing meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25037879 10 64 theme A1γ 1164:1166 arg1 peptidoglycan 1142:1154 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1128:1154 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1128:1154 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was the A1γ type; containing meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25037879 10 64 theme A1γ 1164:1166 arg1 type 1168:1171 the A1γ type 1160:1171 the A1γ type 1160:1171 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was the A1γ type; containing meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25037879 6 65 theme Alicyclobacillus 873:888 arg1 species 852:858 other species 846:858 other species of the genus Alicyclobacillus 846:888 Similarity to other species of the genus Alicyclobacillus was 90.3-92.8% and similarity to species of the genus Tumebacillus was 85.9-87.8%. 25037879 3 66 theme spore-forming 314:326 arg1 rods 328:331 Gram-staining-positive, motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, spore-forming rods 242:331 Gram-staining-positive, motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, spore-forming rods 242:331 Cells were Gram-staining-positive, motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, spore-forming rods. 25037879 11 67 from study 1288:1292 arg1 analysis 1269:1276 polyphasic analysis 1258:1276 polyphasic analysis from this study 1258:1292 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain ACK006(T) represents a novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus for which the name Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp. 25037879 10 68 theme diagnostic 1217:1226 arg1 acid 1236:1239 the diagnostic diamino acid 1213:1239 the diagnostic diamino acid 1213:1239 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was the A1γ type; containing meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25037879 10 68 theme diagnostic 1217:1226 arg1 acid 1205:1208 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1185:1208 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1185:1208 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was the A1γ type; containing meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25037879 13 69 theme 33022 1478:1482 arg1 T 1498:1498 T 1498:1498 T 1498:1498 The type strain is ACK006(T) (=KCTC 33022(T) =DSM 25924(T)). 25037879 13 69 theme 33022 1478:1482 arg1 25924 1492:1496 =KCTC 33022(T) =DSM 25924 1472:1496 =KCTC 33022(T) =DSM 25924(T) 1472:1499 The type strain is ACK006(T) (=KCTC 33022(T) =DSM 25924(T)). 25037879 6 70 theme genus 867:871 arg1 Alicyclobacillus 873:888 the genus Alicyclobacillus 863:888 the genus Alicyclobacillus 863:888 Similarity to other species of the genus Alicyclobacillus was 90.3-92.8% and similarity to species of the genus Tumebacillus was 85.9-87.8%. 25037879 11 71 theme Alicyclobacillus 1388:1403 arg1 sp 1420:1421 the name Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp 1379:1421 the name Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp 1379:1421 On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain ACK006(T) represents a novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus for which the name Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp. 25037879 1 72 theme thermo-acidophilic 44:61 arg1 bacterium 63:71 a thermo-acidophilic bacterium 42:71 a thermo-acidophilic bacterium 42:71 nov., a thermo-acidophilic bacterium isolated from hot spring soil. 25037879 1 72 theme thermo-acidophilic 44:61 arg1 nov. 36:39 nov. 36:39 nov. 36:39 nov., a thermo-acidophilic bacterium isolated from hot spring soil. 25037879 8 73 theme predominant 1020:1030 arg1 menaquinone 1032:1042 The predominant menaquinone 1016:1042 The predominant menaquinone 1016:1042 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 25037879 8 73 theme predominant 1020:1030 arg1 MK-7 1048:1051 MK-7 1048:1051 MK-7 1048:1051 The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 26902722 0 0 from delivery 19:26 arg1 rodents 57:63 rodents 57:63 rodents 57:63 Enhanced pulmonary delivery of fluticasone propionate in rodents by mucus-penetrating nanoparticles. 26902722 1 1 dep Most 101:104 arg1 attempts 106:113 attempts 106:113 attempts to achieve sustained drug delivery to pulmonary tissues using nanoparticles 106:189 Most attempts to achieve sustained drug delivery to pulmonary tissues using nanoparticles have focused on mucoadhesive particles (MAP). 26902722 6 2 theme non-encapsulated 1202:1217 arg1 control 1222:1228 a non-encapsulated FP control 1200:1228 a non-encapsulated FP control 1200:1228 Furthermore, we evaluated the duration of action of FP MPP in a rat lung inflammation model compared to that of a non-encapsulated FP control. 26902722 5 3 theme mouse 1029:1033 arg1 lungs 1035:1039 mouse lungs 1029:1039 mouse lungs 1029:1039 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 7 4 theme local 1308:1312 arg1 exposure 1314:1321 a 60% higher local exposure 1295:1321 a 60% higher local exposure 1295:1321 In rodents, pulmonary delivery of FP formulated as MPP provided a 60% higher local exposure compared to MAP and extended the single dose efficacy by at least 16 h compared to non-encapsulated FP. 26902722 7 5 theme non-encapsulated 1406:1421 arg1 FP 1423:1424 non-encapsulated FP 1406:1424 non-encapsulated FP 1406:1424 In rodents, pulmonary delivery of FP formulated as MPP provided a 60% higher local exposure compared to MAP and extended the single dose efficacy by at least 16 h compared to non-encapsulated FP. 26902722 0 6 from rodents 57:63 arg1 delivery 19:26 Enhanced pulmonary delivery 0:26 Enhanced pulmonary delivery of fluticasone propionate in rodents by mucus-penetrating nanoparticles 0:98 Enhanced pulmonary delivery of fluticasone propionate in rodents by mucus-penetrating nanoparticles. 26902722 6 7 theme inflammation 1161:1172 arg1 model 1174:1178 a rat lung inflammation model 1150:1178 a rat lung inflammation model 1150:1178 Furthermore, we evaluated the duration of action of FP MPP in a rat lung inflammation model compared to that of a non-encapsulated FP control. 26902722 0 8 theme Enhanced 0:7 arg1 delivery 19:26 Enhanced pulmonary delivery 0:26 Enhanced pulmonary delivery of fluticasone propionate in rodents by mucus-penetrating nanoparticles 0:98 Enhanced pulmonary delivery of fluticasone propionate in rodents by mucus-penetrating nanoparticles. 26902722 4 9 theme small 704:708 arg1 molecules 710:718 small molecules 704:718 small molecules 704:718 Nonetheless, it has not been confirmed that MPP encapsulating small molecules can sustain drug release in the lung longer than MAP of similar size and core composition. 26902722 6 10 theme lung 1156:1159 arg1 model 1174:1178 a rat lung inflammation model 1150:1178 a rat lung inflammation model 1150:1178 Furthermore, we evaluated the duration of action of FP MPP in a rat lung inflammation model compared to that of a non-encapsulated FP control. 26902722 5 11 dep diameter 930:937 arg1 ∼ 921:921 ∼ 921:921 ∼ 921:921 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 5 11 dep diameter 930:937 arg1 both 916:919 both 916:919 both 916:919 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 2 12 theme mucus 280:284 arg1 layer 286:290 the luminal mucus layer 268:290 the luminal mucus layer 268:290 However, MAP become trapped in the luminal mucus layer and, as a result, are largely eliminated from the respiratory tract by mucociliary escalator and expiratory clearance, which undermines their sustained release potential. 26902722 5 13 theme concept 825:831 arg1 proof 816:820 a proof 814:820 a proof of concept 814:831 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 5 13 theme concept 825:831 arg1 propionate 862:871 fluticasone propionate 850:871 fluticasone propionate (FP) 850:876 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 0 14 from propionate 43:52 arg1 rodents 57:63 rodents 57:63 rodents 57:63 Enhanced pulmonary delivery of fluticasone propionate in rodents by mucus-penetrating nanoparticles. 26902722 6 15 theme rat 1152:1154 arg1 model 1174:1178 a rat lung inflammation model 1150:1178 a rat lung inflammation model 1150:1178 Furthermore, we evaluated the duration of action of FP MPP in a rat lung inflammation model compared to that of a non-encapsulated FP control. 26902722 2 16 theme luminal 272:278 arg1 layer 286:290 the luminal mucus layer 268:290 the luminal mucus layer 268:290 However, MAP become trapped in the luminal mucus layer and, as a result, are largely eliminated from the respiratory tract by mucociliary escalator and expiratory clearance, which undermines their sustained release potential. 26902722 2 17 dep become 250:255 arg1 eliminated 322:331 eliminated 322:331 are largely eliminated from the respiratory tract by mucociliary escalator and expiratory clearance, which undermines their sustained release potential 310:460 However, MAP become trapped in the luminal mucus layer and, as a result, are largely eliminated from the respiratory tract by mucociliary escalator and expiratory clearance, which undermines their sustained release potential. 26902722 0 18 theme pulmonary 9:17 arg1 delivery 19:26 Enhanced pulmonary delivery 0:26 Enhanced pulmonary delivery of fluticasone propionate in rodents by mucus-penetrating nanoparticles 0:98 Enhanced pulmonary delivery of fluticasone propionate in rodents by mucus-penetrating nanoparticles. 26902722 4 19 theme drug 732:735 arg1 release 737:743 drug release 732:743 drug release 732:743 Nonetheless, it has not been confirmed that MPP encapsulating small molecules can sustain drug release in the lung longer than MAP of similar size and core composition. 26902722 2 20 theme mucociliary 363:373 arg1 escalator 375:383 mucociliary escalator 363:383 mucociliary escalator 363:383 However, MAP become trapped in the luminal mucus layer and, as a result, are largely eliminated from the respiratory tract by mucociliary escalator and expiratory clearance, which undermines their sustained release potential. 26902722 2 21 theme sustained 434:442 arg1 potential 452:460 their sustained release potential 428:460 their sustained release potential 428:460 However, MAP become trapped in the luminal mucus layer and, as a result, are largely eliminated from the respiratory tract by mucociliary escalator and expiratory clearance, which undermines their sustained release potential. 26902722 7 22 theme dose 1363:1366 arg1 efficacy 1368:1375 the single dose efficacy 1352:1375 the single dose efficacy 1352:1375 In rodents, pulmonary delivery of FP formulated as MPP provided a 60% higher local exposure compared to MAP and extended the single dose efficacy by at least 16 h compared to non-encapsulated FP. 26902722 3 23 theme rapid 574:578 arg1 clearance 592:600 rapid mucociliary clearance 574:600 rapid mucociliary clearance 574:600 Recent studies have shown that mucus-penetrating particles (MPP) engineered to diffuse through mucus can avoid rapid mucociliary clearance in vivo and persist in the lung longer. 26902722 1 24 theme mucoadhesive 207:218 arg1 MAP 231:233 MAP 231:233 MAP 231:233 Most attempts to achieve sustained drug delivery to pulmonary tissues using nanoparticles have focused on mucoadhesive particles (MAP). 26902722 1 24 theme mucoadhesive 207:218 arg1 particles 220:228 mucoadhesive particles 207:228 mucoadhesive particles (MAP) 207:234 Most attempts to achieve sustained drug delivery to pulmonary tissues using nanoparticles have focused on mucoadhesive particles (MAP). 26902722 5 25 theme nm 927:928 arg1 diameter 930:937 200 nm diameter 923:937 200 nm diameter 923:937 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 5 25 theme nm 927:928 arg1 loading 954:960 ∼ 30-35% drug loading 940:960 ∼ 30-35% drug loading 940:960 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 6 26 theme action 1130:1135 arg1 duration 1118:1125 the duration 1114:1125 the duration of action of FP MPP 1114:1145 Furthermore, we evaluated the duration of action of FP MPP in a rat lung inflammation model compared to that of a non-encapsulated FP control. 26902722 5 27 theme -based 896:901 arg1 MPP 903:905 poly(lactide)-based MPP 883:905 poly(lactide)-based MPP 883:905 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 6 28 theme MPP 1143:1145 arg1 action 1130:1135 action 1130:1135 action of FP MPP 1130:1145 Furthermore, we evaluated the duration of action of FP MPP in a rat lung inflammation model compared to that of a non-encapsulated FP control. 26902722 3 29 theme Recent 463:468 arg1 studies 470:476 Recent studies 463:476 Recent studies 463:476 Recent studies have shown that mucus-penetrating particles (MPP) engineered to diffuse through mucus can avoid rapid mucociliary clearance in vivo and persist in the lung longer. 26902722 5 30 theme fluticasone 850:860 arg1 proof 816:820 a proof 814:820 a proof of concept 814:831 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 5 30 theme fluticasone 850:860 arg1 FP 874:875 FP 874:875 FP 874:875 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 5 30 theme fluticasone 850:860 arg1 propionate 862:871 fluticasone propionate 850:871 fluticasone propionate (FP) 850:876 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 0 31 theme propionate 43:52 arg1 delivery 19:26 Enhanced pulmonary delivery 0:26 Enhanced pulmonary delivery of fluticasone propionate in rodents by mucus-penetrating nanoparticles 0:98 Enhanced pulmonary delivery of fluticasone propionate in rodents by mucus-penetrating nanoparticles. 26902722 3 32 theme mucus-penetrating 494:510 arg1 MPP 523:525 MPP 523:525 MPP 523:525 Recent studies have shown that mucus-penetrating particles (MPP) engineered to diffuse through mucus can avoid rapid mucociliary clearance in vivo and persist in the lung longer. 26902722 3 32 theme mucus-penetrating 494:510 arg1 particles 512:520 mucus-penetrating particles 494:520 mucus-penetrating particles (MPP) engineered to diffuse through mucus 494:562 Recent studies have shown that mucus-penetrating particles (MPP) engineered to diffuse through mucus can avoid rapid mucociliary clearance in vivo and persist in the lung longer. 26902722 4 33 theme core 793:796 arg1 composition 798:808 core composition 793:808 core composition 793:808 Nonetheless, it has not been confirmed that MPP encapsulating small molecules can sustain drug release in the lung longer than MAP of similar size and core composition. 26902722 5 34 dep ∼ 940:940 arg1 % 947:947 30-35% 942:947 30-35% 942:947 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 0 35 theme fluticasone 31:41 arg1 propionate 43:52 fluticasone propionate 31:52 fluticasone propionate in rodents 31:63 Enhanced pulmonary delivery of fluticasone propionate in rodents by mucus-penetrating nanoparticles. 26902722 6 36 theme FP 1219:1220 arg1 control 1222:1228 a non-encapsulated FP control 1200:1228 a non-encapsulated FP control 1200:1228 Furthermore, we evaluated the duration of action of FP MPP in a rat lung inflammation model compared to that of a non-encapsulated FP control. 26902722 5 37 theme pulmonary 983:991 arg1 residence 993:1001 their pulmonary residence 977:1001 their pulmonary residence 977:1001 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 5 38 theme ∼ 940:940 arg1 diameter 930:937 200 nm diameter 923:937 200 nm diameter 923:937 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 5 38 theme ∼ 940:940 arg1 loading 954:960 ∼ 30-35% drug loading 940:960 ∼ 30-35% drug loading 940:960 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 7 39 theme FP 1265:1266 arg1 delivery 1253:1260 pulmonary delivery 1243:1260 pulmonary delivery of FP formulated as MPP 1243:1284 In rodents, pulmonary delivery of FP formulated as MPP provided a 60% higher local exposure compared to MAP and extended the single dose efficacy by at least 16 h compared to non-encapsulated FP. 26902722 2 40 theme expiratory 389:398 arg1 clearance 400:408 expiratory clearance 389:408 expiratory clearance 389:408 However, MAP become trapped in the luminal mucus layer and, as a result, are largely eliminated from the respiratory tract by mucociliary escalator and expiratory clearance, which undermines their sustained release potential. 26902722 5 41 from levels 1019:1024 arg1 lungs 1035:1039 mouse lungs 1029:1039 mouse lungs 1029:1039 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 3 42 theme mucociliary 580:590 arg1 clearance 592:600 rapid mucociliary clearance 574:600 rapid mucociliary clearance 574:600 Recent studies have shown that mucus-penetrating particles (MPP) engineered to diffuse through mucus can avoid rapid mucociliary clearance in vivo and persist in the lung longer. 26902722 5 43 theme FP 1016:1017 arg1 levels 1019:1024 FP levels 1016:1024 FP levels in mouse lungs 1016:1039 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 1 44 theme sustained 126:134 arg1 delivery 141:148 sustained drug delivery 126:148 sustained drug delivery to pulmonary tissues using nanoparticles 126:189 Most attempts to achieve sustained drug delivery to pulmonary tissues using nanoparticles have focused on mucoadhesive particles (MAP). 26902722 5 45 theme intratracheal 1060:1072 arg1 instillation 1074:1085 intratracheal instillation 1060:1085 intratracheal instillation 1060:1085 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 5 46 theme drug 949:952 arg1 diameter 930:937 200 nm diameter 923:937 200 nm diameter 923:937 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 5 46 theme drug 949:952 arg1 loading 954:960 ∼ 30-35% drug loading 940:960 ∼ 30-35% drug loading 940:960 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 4 47 theme composition 798:808 arg1 MAP 769:771 MAP 769:771 MAP of similar size and core composition 769:808 Nonetheless, it has not been confirmed that MPP encapsulating small molecules can sustain drug release in the lung longer than MAP of similar size and core composition. 26902722 1 48 theme drug 136:139 arg1 delivery 141:148 sustained drug delivery 126:148 sustained drug delivery to pulmonary tissues using nanoparticles 126:189 Most attempts to achieve sustained drug delivery to pulmonary tissues using nanoparticles have focused on mucoadhesive particles (MAP). 26902722 7 49 theme higher 1301:1306 arg1 exposure 1314:1321 a 60% higher local exposure 1295:1321 a 60% higher local exposure 1295:1321 In rodents, pulmonary delivery of FP formulated as MPP provided a 60% higher local exposure compared to MAP and extended the single dose efficacy by at least 16 h compared to non-encapsulated FP. 26902722 7 50 theme pulmonary 1243:1251 arg1 delivery 1253:1260 pulmonary delivery 1243:1260 pulmonary delivery of FP formulated as MPP 1243:1284 In rodents, pulmonary delivery of FP formulated as MPP provided a 60% higher local exposure compared to MAP and extended the single dose efficacy by at least 16 h compared to non-encapsulated FP. 26902722 6 51 theme FP 1140:1141 arg1 MPP 1143:1145 FP MPP 1140:1145 FP MPP 1140:1145 Furthermore, we evaluated the duration of action of FP MPP in a rat lung inflammation model compared to that of a non-encapsulated FP control. 26902722 4 52 theme longer 757:762 arg1 lung 752:755 the lung 748:755 the lung longer than MAP of similar size and core composition 748:808 Nonetheless, it has not been confirmed that MPP encapsulating small molecules can sustain drug release in the lung longer than MAP of similar size and core composition. 26902722 5 53 theme 200 923:925 arg1 nm 927:928 nm 927:928 nm 927:928 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 5 54 dep MAP 911:913 arg1 diameter 930:937 200 nm diameter 923:937 200 nm diameter 923:937 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 5 54 dep MAP 911:913 arg1 loading 954:960 ∼ 30-35% drug loading 940:960 ∼ 30-35% drug loading 940:960 As a proof of concept, we encapsulated fluticasone propionate (FP) into poly(lactide)-based MPP and MAP (both ∼ 200 nm diameter, ∼ 30-35% drug loading) and evaluated their pulmonary residence by measuring FP levels in mouse lungs over 24h following intratracheal instillation. 26902722 0 55 theme mucus-penetrating 68:84 arg1 nanoparticles 86:98 mucus-penetrating nanoparticles 68:98 mucus-penetrating nanoparticles 68:98 Enhanced pulmonary delivery of fluticasone propionate in rodents by mucus-penetrating nanoparticles. 26902722 4 56 theme size 784:787 arg1 MAP 769:771 MAP 769:771 MAP of similar size and core composition 769:808 Nonetheless, it has not been confirmed that MPP encapsulating small molecules can sustain drug release in the lung longer than MAP of similar size and core composition. 26902722 1 57 theme pulmonary 153:161 arg1 tissues 163:169 pulmonary tissues 153:169 pulmonary tissues using nanoparticles 153:189 Most attempts to achieve sustained drug delivery to pulmonary tissues using nanoparticles have focused on mucoadhesive particles (MAP). 26902722 2 58 theme release 444:450 arg1 potential 452:460 their sustained release potential 428:460 their sustained release potential 428:460 However, MAP become trapped in the luminal mucus layer and, as a result, are largely eliminated from the respiratory tract by mucociliary escalator and expiratory clearance, which undermines their sustained release potential. 26902722 7 59 theme single 1356:1361 arg1 dose 1363:1366 the single dose 1352:1366 the single dose efficacy 1352:1375 In rodents, pulmonary delivery of FP formulated as MPP provided a 60% higher local exposure compared to MAP and extended the single dose efficacy by at least 16 h compared to non-encapsulated FP. 26902722 4 60 theme similar 776:782 arg1 size 784:787 similar size 776:787 similar size 776:787 Nonetheless, it has not been confirmed that MPP encapsulating small molecules can sustain drug release in the lung longer than MAP of similar size and core composition. 26902722 2 61 theme respiratory 342:352 arg1 tract 354:358 the respiratory tract 338:358 the respiratory tract 338:358 However, MAP become trapped in the luminal mucus layer and, as a result, are largely eliminated from the respiratory tract by mucociliary escalator and expiratory clearance, which undermines their sustained release potential. 30650272 14 0 theme escape 2054:2059 arg1 latency 2061:2067 escape latency 2054:2067 escape latency 2054:2067 Besides, escape latency was gradu- ally shortened as time went by. 30650272 20 1 theme Bax 2455:2457 arg1 levels 2445:2450 expressions levels 2433:2450 expressions levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and pAPP 2433:2478 01) , expressions levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and pAPP were down-regulated, Bcl-2/Bax ratio was obviously elevated in the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group (P <0. 30650272 2 2 theme normal 692:697 arg1 group 707:711 the normal control group 688:711 the normal control group 688:711 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 2 theme normal 692:697 arg1 group 812:816 the volatile oil group 795:816 the volatile oil group 795:816 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 2 theme normal 692:697 arg1 group 750:754 the model group 740:754 the model group 740:754 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 2 theme normal 692:697 arg1 groups 674:679 7 groups 672:679 7 groups 672:679 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 2 theme normal 692:697 arg1 group 788:792 the saponin group 776:792 the saponin group 776:792 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 2 theme normal 692:697 arg1 group 733:737 the sham-operation group 714:737 the sham-operation group 714:737 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 2 theme normal 692:697 arg1 group 838:842 the polysaccharide group 819:842 the polysaccharide group 819:842 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 2 theme normal 692:697 arg1 group 769:773 the Aricept group 757:773 the Aricept group 757:773 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 3 theme model 744:748 arg1 group 750:754 the model group 740:754 the model group 740:754 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 3 theme model 744:748 arg1 group 707:711 the normal control group 688:711 the normal control group 688:711 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 5 4 theme Donepezil 1188:1196 arg1 Tablet 1212:1217 Donepezil Hydrochloride Tablet 1188:1217 Donepezil Hydrochloride Tablet 1188:1217 Aricept (Donepezil Hydrochloride Tablet, 1. 30650272 12 5 theme pre-modeling 1937:1948 arg1 latency 1957:1963 pre-modeling escape latency 1937:1963 pre-modeling escape latency 1937:1963 Results There was no statistical difference in pre-modeling escape latency and times of crossing platforms among groups at the same time point (P >0. 30650272 6 6 dep saponin 1243:1249 arg1 mL/kg 1254:1258 9 mL/kg 1252:1258 9 mL/kg 1252:1258 67 mg/kg per day) , saponin (9 mL/kg per day) , benzene (3. 30650272 10 7 theme pal 1681:1683 arg1 region 1689:1694 hippocam- pal CAI region 1671:1694 hippocam- pal CAI region 1671:1694 Apoptosis in hippocam- pal CAI region was detected using TUNEL staining. 30650272 18 8 dep reduced 2402:2408 arg1 <0 2413:2414 P <0 2411:2414 P <0 2411:2414 Compared with the model group, the amount of apoptotic cells in hippocampal CA1 re- gion was obviously reduced (P <0. 30650272 8 9 theme gastro- 1373:1379 arg1 gavage 1381:1386 gastro- gavage 1373:1386 gastro- gavage to the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharides group, re- spectively, 1373:1494 33 mL/kg per day) was administered to rats by gastro- gavage to the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharides group, re- spectively, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 2 10 theme male 615:618 arg1 rats 640:643 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats 611:643 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats 611:643 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 10 11 theme TUNEL 1715:1719 arg1 staining 1721:1728 TUNEL staining 1715:1728 TUNEL staining 1715:1728 Apoptosis in hippocam- pal CAI region was detected using TUNEL staining. 30650272 2 12 theme Aricept 761:767 arg1 group 707:711 the normal control group 688:711 the normal control group 688:711 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 12 theme Aricept 761:767 arg1 group 769:773 the Aricept group 757:773 the Aricept group 757:773 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 1 13 from protein 510:516 arg1 hippocampus 528:538 hippocampus 528:538 hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats 528:592 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 1 14 theme Ap1_40-induced 543:556 arg1 AD 579:580 AD 579:580 AD 579:580 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 1 14 theme Ap1_40-induced 543:556 arg1 disease 570:576 Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease 543:576 Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats 543:592 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 0 15 theme Model 171:175 arg1 Rats 177:180 AD Model Rats 168:180 AD Model Rats 168:180 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 8 16 theme Aricept 1395:1401 arg1 group 1422:1426 the saponin group 1410:1426 the saponin group 1410:1426 33 mL/kg per day) was administered to rats by gastro- gavage to the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharides group, re- spectively, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 8 16 theme Aricept 1395:1401 arg1 spectively 1484:1493 re- spectively 1480:1493 re- spectively 1480:1493 33 mL/kg per day) was administered to rats by gastro- gavage to the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharides group, re- spectively, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 8 16 theme Aricept 1395:1401 arg1 group 1473:1477 the polysaccharides group 1453:1477 the polysaccharides group 1453:1477 33 mL/kg per day) was administered to rats by gastro- gavage to the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharides group, re- spectively, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 8 16 theme Aricept 1395:1401 arg1 group 1403:1407 the Aricept group 1391:1407 the Aricept group 1391:1407 33 mL/kg per day) was administered to rats by gastro- gavage to the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharides group, re- spectively, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 8 16 theme Aricept 1395:1401 arg1 group 1446:1450 the volatile oil group 1429:1450 the volatile oil group 1429:1450 33 mL/kg per day) was administered to rats by gastro- gavage to the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharides group, re- spectively, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 20 17 theme Bcl-2/Bax 2501:2509 arg1 ratio 2511:2515 Bcl-2/Bax ratio 2501:2515 Bcl-2/Bax ratio 2501:2515 01) , expressions levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and pAPP were down-regulated, Bcl-2/Bax ratio was obviously elevated in the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group (P <0. 30650272 23 18 theme CA1 2890:2892 arg1 region 2894:2899 hippocampal CA1 region 2878:2899 hippocampal CA1 region 2878:2899 Conclusion Three active ingredients (spaonins, benzene, and polysaccharides) of QKR could improve spatial memory and learning capacities to different degrees, which might be possibly achieved by decreasing expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, PAPP in hippocampal CA1 region, elevating Bcl-2 expression, and inhibiting apoptosis in hippocampus. 30650272 0 19 theme Bax 118:120 arg1 [Effect 0:6 [Effect 0:6 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities 0:96 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 0 19 theme Bax 118:120 arg1 Expressions 103:113 Expressions 103:113 Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats 103:180 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 8 20 theme saponin 1414:1420 arg1 group 1422:1426 the saponin group 1410:1426 the saponin group 1410:1426 33 mL/kg per day) was administered to rats by gastro- gavage to the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharides group, re- spectively, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 8 20 theme saponin 1414:1420 arg1 group 1403:1407 the Aricept group 1391:1407 the Aricept group 1391:1407 33 mL/kg per day) was administered to rats by gastro- gavage to the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharides group, re- spectively, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 20 21 theme pAPP 2475:2478 arg1 levels 2445:2450 expressions levels 2433:2450 expressions levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and pAPP 2433:2478 01) , expressions levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and pAPP were down-regulated, Bcl-2/Bax ratio was obviously elevated in the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group (P <0. 30650272 2 22 theme polysaccharide 823:836 arg1 group 707:711 the normal control group 688:711 the normal control group 688:711 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 22 theme polysaccharide 823:836 arg1 16 845:846 16 845:846 16 845:846 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 22 theme polysaccharide 823:836 arg1 group 838:842 the polysaccharide group 819:842 the polysaccharide group 819:842 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 9 23 theme gastrogavage 1561:1572 arg1 capacities 1602:1611 gastrogavage spatial learning and memory capacities 1561:1611 gastrogavage spatial learning and memory capacities 1561:1611 By the end of gastrogavage spatial learning and memory capacities were detected using Morris water maze (MWZ). 30650272 0 24 theme Bcl-2 123:127 arg1 [Effect 0:6 [Effect 0:6 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities 0:96 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 0 24 theme Bcl-2 123:127 arg1 Expressions 103:113 Expressions 103:113 Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats 103:180 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 1 25 theme polysaccharides 332:346 arg1 compositions 316:327 effective compositions 306:327 effective compositions of polysaccharides 306:346 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 1 25 theme polysaccharides 332:346 arg1 saponins 281:288 saponins 281:288 saponins 281:288 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 1 26 from proteinase-3 459:470 arg1 hippocampus 528:538 hippocampus 528:538 hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats 528:592 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 5 27 theme Hydrochloride 1198:1210 arg1 Tablet 1212:1217 Donepezil Hydrochloride Tablet 1188:1217 Donepezil Hydrochloride Tablet 1188:1217 Aricept (Donepezil Hydrochloride Tablet, 1. 30650272 1 28 theme precursor 500:508 arg1 protein 510:516 β-amyloid precursor protein 490:516 β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats 490:592 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 1 28 theme precursor 500:508 arg1 pAPP 519:522 pAPP 519:522 pAPP 519:522 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 0 29 theme Caspase-3 130:138 arg1 [Effect 0:6 [Effect 0:6 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities 0:96 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 0 29 theme Caspase-3 130:138 arg1 Expressions 103:113 Expressions 103:113 Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats 103:180 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 18 30 theme P 2411:2411 arg1 <0 2413:2414 P <0 2411:2414 P <0 2411:2414 Compared with the model group, the amount of apoptotic cells in hippocampal CA1 re- gion was obviously reduced (P <0. 30650272 8 31 theme volatile 1433:1440 arg1 group 1403:1407 the Aricept group 1391:1407 the Aricept group 1391:1407 33 mL/kg per day) was administered to rats by gastro- gavage to the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharides group, re- spectively, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 8 31 theme volatile 1433:1440 arg1 group 1446:1450 the volatile oil group 1429:1450 the volatile oil group 1429:1450 33 mL/kg per day) was administered to rats by gastro- gavage to the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharides group, re- spectively, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 11 32 theme Real-time 1796:1804 arg1 PCR 1831:1833 Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR 1796:1833 Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR 1796:1833 Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP were measured via Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. 30650272 4 33 theme double 960:965 arg1 water 977:981 double distilled water 960:981 double distilled water 960:981 Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 18 34 theme cells 2354:2358 arg1 amount 2334:2339 the amount 2330:2339 the amount of apoptotic cells in hippocampal CA1 re- gion 2330:2386 Compared with the model group, the amount of apoptotic cells in hippocampal CA1 re- gion was obviously reduced (P <0. 30650272 18 34 theme cells 2354:2358 arg1 cells 2354:2358 apoptotic cells 2344:2358 apoptotic cells 2344:2358 Compared with the model group, the amount of apoptotic cells in hippocampal CA1 re- gion was obviously reduced (P <0. 30650272 15 35 theme P 2277:2277 arg1 < 2279:2279 P < 0 2277:2281 P < 0 2277:2281 Compared with the model group, escape latency was shortened, and times of crossing platforms was significantly increased in the Aricept group and the saponin group (P < 0. 30650272 5 36 dep Aricept 1179:1185 arg1 Tablet 1212:1217 Donepezil Hydrochloride Tablet 1188:1217 Donepezil Hydrochloride Tablet 1188:1217 Aricept (Donepezil Hydrochloride Tablet, 1. 30650272 2 37 from 16 845:846 arg1 group 856:860 each group 851:860 each group 851:860 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 4 38 theme water 977:981 arg1 volume 950:955 Equal volume 944:955 Equal volume of double distilled water 944:981 Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 0 39 theme Learning 67:74 arg1 Capacities 87:96 Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities 59:96 Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities 59:96 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 12 40 theme statistical 1911:1921 arg1 difference 1923:1932 no statistical difference 1908:1932 no statistical difference 1908:1932 Results There was no statistical difference in pre-modeling escape latency and times of crossing platforms among groups at the same time point (P >0. 30650272 0 41 from [Effect 0:6 arg1 Hippocampus 153:163 Hippocampus 153:163 Hippocampus of AD Model Rats 153:180 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 4 42 theme control 1038:1044 arg1 group 1046:1050 the normal control group 1027:1050 the normal control group 1027:1050 Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 4 42 theme control 1038:1044 arg1 group 1072:1076 the sham-operation group 1053:1076 the sham-operation group 1053:1076 Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 4 42 theme control 1038:1044 arg1 group 1089:1093 the model group 1079:1093 the model group from the 2nd day after modeling 1079:1125 Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 10 43 from Apoptosis 1658:1666 arg1 region 1689:1694 hippocam- pal CAI region 1671:1694 hippocam- pal CAI region 1671:1694 Apoptosis in hippocam- pal CAI region was detected using TUNEL staining. 30650272 20 44 dep group 2605:2609 arg1 P 2612:2612 P <0 2612:2615 P <0 2612:2615 01) , expressions levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and pAPP were down-regulated, Bcl-2/Bax ratio was obviously elevated in the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group (P <0. 30650272 0 45 theme Memory 80:85 arg1 Capacities 87:96 Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities 59:96 Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities 59:96 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 18 46 theme re- 2379:2381 arg1 gion 2383:2386 hippocampal CA1 re- gion 2363:2386 hippocampal CA1 re- gion 2363:2386 Compared with the model group, the amount of apoptotic cells in hippocampal CA1 re- gion was obviously reduced (P <0. 30650272 3 47 theme AD 867:868 arg1 model 874:878 The AD rat model 863:878 The AD rat model 863:878 The AD rat model was established by injecting Aβ₁₋₄₀ from bilateral hippocampus. 30650272 23 48 theme Bcl-2 2912:2916 arg1 expression 2918:2927 Bcl-2 expression 2912:2927 Bcl-2 expression 2912:2927 Conclusion Three active ingredients (spaonins, benzene, and polysaccharides) of QKR could improve spatial memory and learning capacities to different degrees, which might be possibly achieved by decreasing expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, PAPP in hippocampal CA1 region, elevating Bcl-2 expression, and inhibiting apoptosis in hippocampus. 30650272 11 49 theme quantitative 1818:1829 arg1 PCR 1831:1833 Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR 1796:1833 Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR 1796:1833 Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP were measured via Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. 30650272 5 50 theme 1 1220:1220 arg1 Aricept 1179:1185 Aricept 1179:1185 Aricept 1179:1185 Aricept (Donepezil Hydrochloride Tablet, 1. 30650272 9 51 theme water 1640:1644 arg1 MWZ 1652:1654 MWZ 1652:1654 MWZ 1652:1654 By the end of gastrogavage spatial learning and memory capacities were detected using Morris water maze (MWZ). 30650272 9 51 theme water 1640:1644 arg1 maze 1646:1649 Morris water maze 1633:1649 Morris water maze (MWZ) 1633:1655 By the end of gastrogavage spatial learning and memory capacities were detected using Morris water maze (MWZ). 30650272 1 52 theme specific 450:457 arg1 proteinase-3 459:470 cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 430:470 cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 430:470 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 1 53 theme volatile 291:298 arg1 saponins 281:288 saponins 281:288 saponins 281:288 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 1 53 theme volatile 291:298 arg1 oils 300:303 volatile oils 291:303 volatile oils 291:303 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 8 54 theme re- 1480:1482 arg1 group 1403:1407 the Aricept group 1391:1407 the Aricept group 1391:1407 33 mL/kg per day) was administered to rats by gastro- gavage to the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharides group, re- spectively, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 8 54 theme re- 1480:1482 arg1 spectively 1484:1493 re- spectively 1480:1493 re- spectively 1480:1493 33 mL/kg per day) was administered to rats by gastro- gavage to the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharides group, re- spectively, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 23 55 from expressions 2839:2849 arg1 region 2894:2899 hippocampal CA1 region 2878:2899 hippocampal CA1 region 2878:2899 Conclusion Three active ingredients (spaonins, benzene, and polysaccharides) of QKR could improve spatial memory and learning capacities to different degrees, which might be possibly achieved by decreasing expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, PAPP in hippocampal CA1 region, elevating Bcl-2 expression, and inhibiting apoptosis in hippocampus. 30650272 2 56 theme oil 808:810 arg1 group 812:816 the volatile oil group 795:816 the volatile oil group 795:816 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 56 theme oil 808:810 arg1 group 707:711 the normal control group 688:711 the normal control group 688:711 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 4 57 from day 1108:1110 arg1 group 1089:1093 the model group 1079:1093 the model group from the 2nd day after modeling 1079:1125 Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 4 57 from day 1108:1110 arg1 group 1046:1050 the normal control group 1027:1050 the normal control group 1027:1050 Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 15 58 theme Aricept 2240:2246 arg1 group 2248:2252 the Aricept group 2236:2252 the Aricept group 2236:2252 Compared with the model group, escape latency was shortened, and times of crossing platforms was significantly increased in the Aricept group and the saponin group (P < 0. 30650272 1 59 theme active 220:225 arg1 ingredients 227:237 active ingredients 220:237 active ingredients 220:237 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 1 59 theme active 220:225 arg1 saponins 281:288 saponins 281:288 saponins 281:288 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 8 60 theme successive 1515:1524 arg1 weeks 1526:1530 2 successive weeks 1513:1530 2 successive weeks 1513:1530 33 mL/kg per day) was administered to rats by gastro- gavage to the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharides group, re- spectively, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 23 61 dep ingredients 2657:2667 arg1 benzene 2680:2686 benzene 2680:2686 benzene 2680:2686 Conclusion Three active ingredients (spaonins, benzene, and polysaccharides) of QKR could improve spatial memory and learning capacities to different degrees, which might be possibly achieved by decreasing expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, PAPP in hippocampal CA1 region, elevating Bcl-2 expression, and inhibiting apoptosis in hippocampus. 30650272 23 61 dep ingredients 2657:2667 arg1 polysaccharides 2693:2707 polysaccharides 2693:2707 polysaccharides 2693:2707 Conclusion Three active ingredients (spaonins, benzene, and polysaccharides) of QKR could improve spatial memory and learning capacities to different degrees, which might be possibly achieved by decreasing expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, PAPP in hippocampal CA1 region, elevating Bcl-2 expression, and inhibiting apoptosis in hippocampus. 30650272 23 61 dep ingredients 2657:2667 arg1 spaonins 2670:2677 spaonins 2670:2677 spaonins 2670:2677 Conclusion Three active ingredients (spaonins, benzene, and polysaccharides) of QKR could improve spatial memory and learning capacities to different degrees, which might be possibly achieved by decreasing expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, PAPP in hippocampal CA1 region, elevating Bcl-2 expression, and inhibiting apoptosis in hippocampus. 30650272 0 62 theme Active 11:16 arg1 Ingredients 18:28 Active Ingredients 11:28 Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities 11:96 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 4 63 from gastrogavage 1011:1022 arg1 group 1046:1050 the normal control group 1027:1050 the normal control group 1027:1050 Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 4 63 from gastrogavage 1011:1022 arg1 group 1072:1076 the sham-operation group 1053:1076 the sham-operation group 1053:1076 Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 4 63 from gastrogavage 1011:1022 arg1 group 1089:1093 the model group 1079:1093 the model group from the 2nd day after modeling 1079:1125 Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 11 64 theme PAPP 1773:1776 arg1 Expressions 1731:1741 Expressions 1731:1741 Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP 1731:1776 Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP were measured via Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. 30650272 12 65 theme P 2034:2034 arg1 >0 2036:2037 P >0 2034:2037 P >0 2034:2037 Results There was no statistical difference in pre-modeling escape latency and times of crossing platforms among groups at the same time point (P >0. 30650272 4 66 theme model 1083:1087 arg1 group 1089:1093 the model group 1079:1093 the model group from the 2nd day after modeling 1079:1125 Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 4 66 theme model 1083:1087 arg1 group 1046:1050 the normal control group 1027:1050 the normal control group 1027:1050 Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 12 67 dep Results 1890:1896 arg1 times 1969:1973 times 1969:1973 times of crossing platforms among groups 1969:2008 Results There was no statistical difference in pre-modeling escape latency and times of crossing platforms among groups at the same time point (P >0. 30650272 12 67 dep Results 1890:1896 arg1 was 1904:1906 was 1904:1906 was 1904:1906 Results There was no statistical difference in pre-modeling escape latency and times of crossing platforms among groups at the same time point (P >0. 30650272 14 68 theme time 2098:2101 arg1 went 2103:2106 time went 2098:2106 time went by 2098:2109 Besides, escape latency was gradu- ally shortened as time went by. 30650272 20 69 theme volatile 2566:2573 arg1 group 2579:2583 the volatile oil group 2562:2583 the volatile oil group 2562:2583 01) , expressions levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and pAPP were down-regulated, Bcl-2/Bax ratio was obviously elevated in the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group (P <0. 30650272 20 69 theme volatile 2566:2573 arg1 group 2555:2559 the saponin group 2543:2559 the saponin group 2543:2559 01) , expressions levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and pAPP were down-regulated, Bcl-2/Bax ratio was obviously elevated in the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group (P <0. 30650272 1 70 theme B-cell 402:407 arg1 lymphoma-2 409:418 B-cell lymphoma-2 402:418 B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) 402:426 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 1 70 theme B-cell 402:407 arg1 Bcl-2 421:425 Bcl-2 421:425 Bcl-2 421:425 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 0 71 from Ingredients 18:28 arg1 Capacities 87:96 Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities 59:96 Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities 59:96 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 23 72 theme spatial 2731:2737 arg1 memory 2739:2744 spatial memory 2731:2744 spatial memory 2731:2744 Conclusion Three active ingredients (spaonins, benzene, and polysaccharides) of QKR could improve spatial memory and learning capacities to different degrees, which might be possibly achieved by decreasing expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, PAPP in hippocampal CA1 region, elevating Bcl-2 expression, and inhibiting apoptosis in hippocampus. 30650272 10 73 theme hippocam- 1671:1679 arg1 region 1689:1694 hippocam- pal CAI region 1671:1694 hippocam- pal CAI region 1671:1694 Apoptosis in hippocam- pal CAI region was detected using TUNEL staining. 30650272 12 74 theme same 2017:2020 arg1 point 2027:2031 the same time point 2013:2031 the same time point (P >0 2013:2037 Results There was no statistical difference in pre-modeling escape latency and times of crossing platforms among groups at the same time point (P >0. 30650272 4 75 theme sham-operation 1057:1070 arg1 group 1046:1050 the normal control group 1027:1050 the normal control group 1027:1050 Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 4 75 theme sham-operation 1057:1070 arg1 group 1072:1076 the sham-operation group 1053:1076 the sham-operation group 1053:1076 Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 9 76 theme memory 1595:1600 arg1 capacities 1602:1611 gastrogavage spatial learning and memory capacities 1561:1611 gastrogavage spatial learning and memory capacities 1561:1611 By the end of gastrogavage spatial learning and memory capacities were detected using Morris water maze (MWZ). 30650272 15 77 theme escape 2143:2148 arg1 latency 2150:2156 escape latency 2143:2156 escape latency 2143:2156 Compared with the model group, escape latency was shortened, and times of crossing platforms was significantly increased in the Aricept group and the saponin group (P < 0. 30650272 0 78 from Bax 118:120 arg1 Hippocampus 153:163 Hippocampus 153:163 Hippocampus of AD Model Rats 153:180 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 1 79 theme model 583:587 arg1 rats 589:592 Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats 543:592 Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats 543:592 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 23 80 theme active 2650:2655 arg1 ingredients 2657:2667 Conclusion Three active ingredients 2633:2667 Conclusion Three active ingredients (spaonins, benzene, and polysaccharides) of QKR 2633:2715 Conclusion Three active ingredients (spaonins, benzene, and polysaccharides) of QKR could improve spatial memory and learning capacities to different degrees, which might be possibly achieved by decreasing expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, PAPP in hippocampal CA1 region, elevating Bcl-2 expression, and inhibiting apoptosis in hippocampus. 30650272 14 81 dep ally 2080:2083 arg1 shortened 2085:2093 shortened 2085:2093 ally shortened as time went by 2080:2109 Besides, escape latency was gradu- ally shortened as time went by. 30650272 20 82 theme expressions 2433:2443 arg1 levels 2445:2450 expressions levels 2433:2450 expressions levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and pAPP 2433:2478 01) , expressions levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and pAPP were down-regulated, Bcl-2/Bax ratio was obviously elevated in the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group (P <0. 30650272 2 83 theme control 699:705 arg1 group 707:711 the normal control group 688:711 the normal control group 688:711 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 83 theme control 699:705 arg1 group 812:816 the volatile oil group 795:816 the volatile oil group 795:816 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 83 theme control 699:705 arg1 group 750:754 the model group 740:754 the model group 740:754 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 83 theme control 699:705 arg1 groups 674:679 7 groups 672:679 7 groups 672:679 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 83 theme control 699:705 arg1 group 788:792 the saponin group 776:792 the saponin group 776:792 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 83 theme control 699:705 arg1 group 733:737 the sham-operation group 714:737 the sham-operation group 714:737 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 83 theme control 699:705 arg1 group 838:842 the polysaccharide group 819:842 the polysaccharide group 819:842 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 83 theme control 699:705 arg1 group 769:773 the Aricept group 757:773 the Aricept group 757:773 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 0 84 from Expressions 103:113 arg1 Hippocampus 153:163 Hippocampus 153:163 Hippocampus of AD Model Rats 153:180 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 20 85 dep down-regulated 2485:2498 arg1 01 2427:2428 01 2427:2428 01 2427:2428 01) , expressions levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and pAPP were down-regulated, Bcl-2/Bax ratio was obviously elevated in the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group (P <0. 30650272 0 86 theme PAPP 145:148 arg1 [Effect 0:6 [Effect 0:6 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities 0:96 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 0 86 theme PAPP 145:148 arg1 Expressions 103:113 Expressions 103:113 Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats 103:180 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 1 87 theme cysteinyl 430:438 arg1 proteinase-3 459:470 cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 430:470 cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 430:470 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 23 88 theme Conclusion 2633:2642 arg1 ingredients 2657:2667 Conclusion Three active ingredients 2633:2667 Conclusion Three active ingredients (spaonins, benzene, and polysaccharides) of QKR 2633:2715 Conclusion Three active ingredients (spaonins, benzene, and polysaccharides) of QKR could improve spatial memory and learning capacities to different degrees, which might be possibly achieved by decreasing expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, PAPP in hippocampal CA1 region, elevating Bcl-2 expression, and inhibiting apoptosis in hippocampus. 30650272 10 89 theme CAI 1685:1687 arg1 region 1689:1694 hippocam- pal CAI region 1671:1694 hippocam- pal CAI region 1671:1694 Apoptosis in hippocam- pal CAI region was detected using TUNEL staining. 30650272 0 90 from Caspase-3 130:138 arg1 Hippocampus 153:163 Hippocampus 153:163 Hippocampus of AD Model Rats 153:180 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 1 91 theme Bcl-2 367:371 arg1 expressions 352:362 expressions 352:362 expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats 352:592 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 4 92 theme Equal 944:948 arg1 volume 950:955 Equal volume 944:955 Equal volume of double distilled water 944:981 Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 0 93 from Bcl-2 123:127 arg1 Hippocampus 153:163 Hippocampus 153:163 Hippocampus of AD Model Rats 153:180 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 4 94 theme 2nd 1104:1106 arg1 day 1108:1110 the 2nd day 1100:1110 the 2nd day after modeling 1100:1125 Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 0 95 theme AD 168:169 arg1 Rats 177:180 AD Model Rats 168:180 AD Model Rats 168:180 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 1 96 theme X 384:384 arg1 Bax 395:397 Bax 395:397 Bax 395:397 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 1 96 theme X 384:384 arg1 Caspase-3 473:481 Caspase-3 473:481 Caspase-3 473:481 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 1 96 theme X 384:384 arg1 protein 386:392 X protein 384:392 X protein (Bax) 384:398 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 15 97 theme crossing 2186:2193 arg1 platforms 2195:2203 crossing platforms 2186:2203 crossing platforms 2186:2203 Compared with the model group, escape latency was shortened, and times of crossing platforms was significantly increased in the Aricept group and the saponin group (P < 0. 30650272 11 98 theme Bax 1746:1748 arg1 Expressions 1731:1741 Expressions 1731:1741 Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP 1731:1776 Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP were measured via Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. 30650272 2 99 dep groups 674:679 arg1 i.e. 682:685 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group 672:860 i.e. 682:685 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 18 100 from amount 2334:2339 arg1 gion 2383:2386 hippocampal CA1 re- gion 2363:2386 hippocampal CA1 re- gion 2363:2386 Compared with the model group, the amount of apoptotic cells in hippocampal CA1 re- gion was obviously reduced (P <0. 30650272 2 101 theme SD 636:637 arg1 rats 640:643 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats 611:643 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats 611:643 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 0 102 theme Rats 177:180 arg1 Hippocampus 153:163 Hippocampus 153:163 Hippocampus of AD Model Rats 153:180 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 1 103 from effects 209:215 arg1 expressions 352:362 expressions 352:362 expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats 352:592 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 23 104 from apoptosis 2945:2953 arg1 hippocampus 2958:2968 hippocampus 2958:2968 hippocampus 2958:2968 Conclusion Three active ingredients (spaonins, benzene, and polysaccharides) of QKR could improve spatial memory and learning capacities to different degrees, which might be possibly achieved by decreasing expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, PAPP in hippocampal CA1 region, elevating Bcl-2 expression, and inhibiting apoptosis in hippocampus. 30650272 23 105 theme different 2773:2781 arg1 degrees 2783:2789 different degrees 2773:2789 different degrees 2773:2789 Conclusion Three active ingredients (spaonins, benzene, and polysaccharides) of QKR could improve spatial memory and learning capacities to different degrees, which might be possibly achieved by decreasing expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, PAPP in hippocampal CA1 region, elevating Bcl-2 expression, and inhibiting apoptosis in hippocampus. 30650272 1 106 theme disease 570:576 arg1 rats 589:592 Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats 543:592 Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats 543:592 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 1 107 theme effective 306:314 arg1 compositions 316:327 effective compositions 306:327 effective compositions of polysaccharides 306:346 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 1 107 theme effective 306:314 arg1 saponins 281:288 saponins 281:288 saponins 281:288 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 12 108 theme escape 1950:1955 arg1 latency 1957:1963 pre-modeling escape latency 1937:1963 pre-modeling escape latency 1937:1963 Results There was no statistical difference in pre-modeling escape latency and times of crossing platforms among groups at the same time point (P >0. 30650272 9 109 theme spatial 1574:1580 arg1 learning 1582:1589 spatial learning 1574:1589 spatial learning 1574:1589 By the end of gastrogavage spatial learning and memory capacities were detected using Morris water maze (MWZ). 30650272 1 110 theme β-amyloid 490:498 arg1 protein 510:516 β-amyloid precursor protein 490:516 β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats 490:592 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 1 110 theme β-amyloid 490:498 arg1 pAPP 519:522 pAPP 519:522 pAPP 519:522 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 4 111 theme successive 1147:1156 arg1 weeks 1158:1162 2 successive weeks 1145:1162 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am) 1145:1176 Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 4 111 theme successive 1147:1156 arg1 am 1174:1175 at 10:00 am 1165:1175 at 10:00 am 1165:1175 Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 0 112 from Capacities 87:96 arg1 Ingredients 18:28 Active Ingredients 11:28 Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities 11:96 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 4 113 theme distilled 967:975 arg1 water 977:981 double distilled water 960:981 double distilled water 960:981 Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 0 114 theme Spatial 59:65 arg1 Learning 67:74 Spatial Learning 59:74 Spatial Learning 59:74 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 18 115 theme model 2317:2321 arg1 group 2323:2327 the model group 2313:2327 the model group 2313:2327 Compared with the model group, the amount of apoptotic cells in hippocampal CA1 re- gion was obviously reduced (P <0. 30650272 11 116 theme fluorescent 1806:1816 arg1 PCR 1831:1833 Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR 1796:1833 Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR 1796:1833 Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP were measured via Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. 30650272 2 117 theme volatile 799:806 arg1 group 812:816 the volatile oil group 795:816 the volatile oil group 795:816 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 117 theme volatile 799:806 arg1 group 707:711 the normal control group 688:711 the normal control group 688:711 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 9 118 theme capacities 1602:1611 arg1 end 1554:1556 the end 1550:1556 the end of gastrogavage spatial learning and memory capacities 1550:1611 By the end of gastrogavage spatial learning and memory capacities were detected using Morris water maze (MWZ). 30650272 12 119 theme platforms 1987:1995 arg1 times 1969:1973 times 1969:1973 times of crossing platforms among groups 1969:2008 Results There was no statistical difference in pre-modeling escape latency and times of crossing platforms among groups at the same time point (P >0. 30650272 18 120 theme apoptotic 2344:2352 arg1 cells 2354:2358 apoptotic cells 2344:2358 apoptotic cells 2344:2358 Compared with the model group, the amount of apoptotic cells in hippocampal CA1 re- gion was obviously reduced (P <0. 30650272 3 121 theme rat 870:872 arg1 model 874:878 The AD rat model 863:878 The AD rat model 863:878 The AD rat model was established by injecting Aβ₁₋₄₀ from bilateral hippocampus. 30650272 8 122 theme oil 1442:1444 arg1 group 1403:1407 the Aricept group 1391:1407 the Aricept group 1391:1407 33 mL/kg per day) was administered to rats by gastro- gavage to the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharides group, re- spectively, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 8 122 theme oil 1442:1444 arg1 group 1446:1450 the volatile oil group 1429:1450 the volatile oil group 1429:1450 33 mL/kg per day) was administered to rats by gastro- gavage to the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharides group, re- spectively, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 2 123 theme Sprague-Dawley 620:633 arg1 rats 640:643 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats 611:643 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats 611:643 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 23 124 theme learning 2750:2757 arg1 capacities 2759:2768 learning capacities 2750:2768 learning capacities 2750:2768 Conclusion Three active ingredients (spaonins, benzene, and polysaccharides) of QKR could improve spatial memory and learning capacities to different degrees, which might be possibly achieved by decreasing expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, PAPP in hippocampal CA1 region, elevating Bcl-2 expression, and inhibiting apoptosis in hippocampus. 30650272 20 125 theme saponin 2547:2553 arg1 group 2605:2609 the polysaccharide group 2586:2609 the polysaccharide group (P <0 2586:2615 01) , expressions levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and pAPP were down-regulated, Bcl-2/Bax ratio was obviously elevated in the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group (P <0. 30650272 20 125 theme saponin 2547:2553 arg1 group 2579:2583 the volatile oil group 2562:2583 the volatile oil group 2562:2583 01) , expressions levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and pAPP were down-regulated, Bcl-2/Bax ratio was obviously elevated in the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group (P <0. 30650272 20 125 theme saponin 2547:2553 arg1 group 2555:2559 the saponin group 2543:2559 the saponin group 2543:2559 01) , expressions levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and pAPP were down-regulated, Bcl-2/Bax ratio was obviously elevated in the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group (P <0. 30650272 11 126 theme Western 1836:1842 arg1 blot 1844:1847 Western blot 1836:1847 Western blot 1836:1847 Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP were measured via Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. 30650272 9 127 theme Morris 1633:1638 arg1 MWZ 1652:1654 MWZ 1652:1654 MWZ 1652:1654 By the end of gastrogavage spatial learning and memory capacities were detected using Morris water maze (MWZ). 30650272 9 127 theme Morris 1633:1638 arg1 maze 1646:1649 Morris water maze 1633:1649 Morris water maze (MWZ) 1633:1655 By the end of gastrogavage spatial learning and memory capacities were detected using Morris water maze (MWZ). 30650272 1 128 theme aspartate 440:448 arg1 proteinase-3 459:470 cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 430:470 cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 430:470 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 15 129 theme platforms 2195:2203 arg1 times 2177:2181 times 2177:2181 times of crossing platforms 2177:2203 Compared with the model group, escape latency was shortened, and times of crossing platforms was significantly increased in the Aricept group and the saponin group (P < 0. 30650272 18 130 theme CA1 2375:2377 arg1 gion 2383:2386 hippocampal CA1 re- gion 2363:2386 hippocampal CA1 re- gion 2363:2386 Compared with the model group, the amount of apoptotic cells in hippocampal CA1 re- gion was obviously reduced (P <0. 30650272 8 131 theme polysaccharides 1457:1471 arg1 group 1473:1477 the polysaccharides group 1453:1477 the polysaccharides group 1453:1477 33 mL/kg per day) was administered to rats by gastro- gavage to the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharides group, re- spectively, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 8 131 theme polysaccharides 1457:1471 arg1 group 1403:1407 the Aricept group 1391:1407 the Aricept group 1391:1407 33 mL/kg per day) was administered to rats by gastro- gavage to the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharides group, re- spectively, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 12 132 theme crossing 1978:1985 arg1 platforms 1987:1995 crossing platforms 1978:1995 crossing platforms 1978:1995 Results There was no statistical difference in pre-modeling escape latency and times of crossing platforms among groups at the same time point (P >0. 30650272 12 133 dep point 2027:2031 arg1 >0 2036:2037 P >0 2034:2037 P >0 2034:2037 Results There was no statistical difference in pre-modeling escape latency and times of crossing platforms among groups at the same time point (P >0. 30650272 23 134 theme hippocampal 2878:2888 arg1 region 2894:2899 hippocampal CA1 region 2878:2899 hippocampal CA1 region 2878:2899 Conclusion Three active ingredients (spaonins, benzene, and polysaccharides) of QKR could improve spatial memory and learning capacities to different degrees, which might be possibly achieved by decreasing expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, PAPP in hippocampal CA1 region, elevating Bcl-2 expression, and inhibiting apoptosis in hippocampus. 30650272 11 135 theme Caspase-3 1758:1766 arg1 Expressions 1731:1741 Expressions 1731:1741 Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP 1731:1776 Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP were measured via Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. 30650272 0 136 from Hippocampus 153:163 arg1 [Effect 0:6 [Effect 0:6 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities 0:96 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 0 136 from Hippocampus 153:163 arg1 Expressions 103:113 Expressions 103:113 Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats 103:180 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 4 137 theme normal 1031:1036 arg1 group 1046:1050 the normal control group 1027:1050 the normal control group 1027:1050 Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 4 137 theme normal 1031:1036 arg1 group 1072:1076 the sham-operation group 1053:1076 the sham-operation group 1053:1076 Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 4 137 theme normal 1031:1036 arg1 group 1089:1093 the model group 1079:1093 the model group from the 2nd day after modeling 1079:1125 Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). 30650272 0 138 theme Ingredients 18:28 arg1 [Effect 0:6 [Effect 0:6 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities 0:96 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 0 138 theme Ingredients 18:28 arg1 Expressions 103:113 Expressions 103:113 Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats 103:180 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 1 139 theme ingredients 227:237 arg1 effects 209:215 the effects 205:215 the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats 205:592 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 3 140 theme bilateral 921:929 arg1 hippocampus 931:941 bilateral hippocampus 921:941 bilateral hippocampus 921:941 The AD rat model was established by injecting Aβ₁₋₄₀ from bilateral hippocampus. 30650272 1 141 from lymphoma-2 409:418 arg1 hippocampus 528:538 hippocampus 528:538 hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats 528:592 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 11 142 theme Bcl-2 1751:1755 arg1 Expressions 1731:1741 Expressions 1731:1741 Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP 1731:1776 Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP were measured via Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. 30650272 15 143 theme saponin 2262:2268 arg1 group 2270:2274 the saponin group 2258:2274 the saponin group 2258:2274 Compared with the model group, escape latency was shortened, and times of crossing platforms was significantly increased in the Aricept group and the saponin group (P < 0. 30650272 20 144 theme polysaccharide 2590:2603 arg1 group 2605:2609 the polysaccharide group 2586:2609 the polysaccharide group (P <0 2586:2615 01) , expressions levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and pAPP were down-regulated, Bcl-2/Bax ratio was obviously elevated in the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group (P <0. 30650272 20 144 theme polysaccharide 2590:2603 arg1 group 2555:2559 the saponin group 2543:2559 the saponin group 2543:2559 01) , expressions levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and pAPP were down-regulated, Bcl-2/Bax ratio was obviously elevated in the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group (P <0. 30650272 9 145 theme learning 1582:1589 arg1 capacities 1602:1611 gastrogavage spatial learning and memory capacities 1561:1611 gastrogavage spatial learning and memory capacities 1561:1611 By the end of gastrogavage spatial learning and memory capacities were detected using Morris water maze (MWZ). 30650272 2 146 theme saponin 780:786 arg1 group 788:792 the saponin group 776:792 the saponin group 776:792 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 146 theme saponin 780:786 arg1 group 707:711 the normal control group 688:711 the normal control group 688:711 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 0 147 theme Recipe 49:54 arg1 Ingredients 18:28 Active Ingredients 11:28 Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities 11:96 [Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats]. 30650272 1 148 theme Recipe 258:263 arg1 ingredients 227:237 active ingredients 220:237 active ingredients 220:237 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 1 148 theme Recipe 258:263 arg1 saponins 281:288 saponins 281:288 saponins 281:288 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 23 149 theme Bax 2854:2856 arg1 expressions 2839:2849 expressions 2839:2849 expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, PAPP in hippocampal CA1 region 2839:2899 Conclusion Three active ingredients (spaonins, benzene, and polysaccharides) of QKR could improve spatial memory and learning capacities to different degrees, which might be possibly achieved by decreasing expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, PAPP in hippocampal CA1 region, elevating Bcl-2 expression, and inhibiting apoptosis in hippocampus. 30650272 18 150 theme hippocampal 2363:2373 arg1 gion 2383:2386 hippocampal CA1 re- gion 2363:2386 hippocampal CA1 re- gion 2363:2386 Compared with the model group, the amount of apoptotic cells in hippocampal CA1 re- gion was obviously reduced (P <0. 30650272 20 151 theme Caspase-3 2460:2468 arg1 levels 2445:2450 expressions levels 2433:2450 expressions levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and pAPP 2433:2478 01) , expressions levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and pAPP were down-regulated, Bcl-2/Bax ratio was obviously elevated in the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group (P <0. 30650272 12 152 theme time 2022:2025 arg1 point 2027:2031 the same time point 2013:2031 the same time point (P >0 2013:2037 Results There was no statistical difference in pre-modeling escape latency and times of crossing platforms among groups at the same time point (P >0. 30650272 23 153 theme QKR 2713:2715 arg1 ingredients 2657:2667 Conclusion Three active ingredients 2633:2667 Conclusion Three active ingredients (spaonins, benzene, and polysaccharides) of QKR 2633:2715 Conclusion Three active ingredients (spaonins, benzene, and polysaccharides) of QKR could improve spatial memory and learning capacities to different degrees, which might be possibly achieved by decreasing expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, PAPP in hippocampal CA1 region, elevating Bcl-2 expression, and inhibiting apoptosis in hippocampus. 30650272 20 154 theme oil 2575:2577 arg1 group 2579:2583 the volatile oil group 2562:2583 the volatile oil group 2562:2583 01) , expressions levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and pAPP were down-regulated, Bcl-2/Bax ratio was obviously elevated in the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group (P <0. 30650272 20 154 theme oil 2575:2577 arg1 group 2555:2559 the saponin group 2543:2559 the saponin group 2543:2559 01) , expressions levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and pAPP were down-regulated, Bcl-2/Bax ratio was obviously elevated in the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group (P <0. 30650272 1 155 from protein 386:392 arg1 hippocampus 528:538 hippocampus 528:538 hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats 528:592 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 30650272 2 156 theme sham-operation 718:731 arg1 group 707:711 the normal control group 688:711 the normal control group 688:711 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 2 156 theme sham-operation 718:731 arg1 group 733:737 the sham-operation group 714:737 the sham-operation group 714:737 Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. 30650272 15 157 dep increased 2223:2231 arg1 < 2279:2279 P < 0 2277:2281 P < 0 2277:2281 Compared with the model group, escape latency was shortened, and times of crossing platforms was significantly increased in the Aricept group and the saponin group (P < 0. 30650272 15 158 theme model 2130:2134 arg1 group 2136:2140 the model group 2126:2140 the model group 2126:2140 Compared with the model group, escape latency was shortened, and times of crossing platforms was significantly increased in the Aricept group and the saponin group (P < 0. 30650272 1 159 theme rats 589:592 arg1 hippocampus 528:538 hippocampus 528:538 hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats 528:592 Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and β-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. 27352815 4 0 theme fibroin-chitosan  815:831 arg1 scaffolds 840:848 the silk fibroin-chitosan (SF-CS) scaffolds 806:848 the silk fibroin-chitosan (SF-CS) scaffolds 806:848 Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were seeded on the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds and the silk fibroin-chitosan (SF-CS) scaffolds. 27352815 6 1 theme alkaline 1017:1024 arg1 phosphatase  1026:1037 the alkaline phosphatase  1013:1037 the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression 1013:1053 Using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and analyzing the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression proved that TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the growth and proliferation of BMSCs on the SF-CS scaffolds in a time-dependent manner. 27352815 6 1 theme alkaline 1017:1024 arg1 ALP 1039:1041 ALP 1039:1041 ALP 1039:1041 Using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and analyzing the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression proved that TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the growth and proliferation of BMSCs on the SF-CS scaffolds in a time-dependent manner. 27352815 11 2 theme tissue 2112:2117 arg1 engineering 2119:2129 bone tissue engineering 2107:2129 bone tissue engineering 2107:2129 Taken together, these findings indicate that the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds fulfilled the basic requirements of bone tissue engineering, and have the potential to be applied in orthopedic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery. 27352815 4 3 theme SF-CS 833:837 arg1 scaffolds 840:848 the silk fibroin-chitosan (SF-CS) scaffolds 806:848 the silk fibroin-chitosan (SF-CS) scaffolds 806:848 Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were seeded on the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds and the silk fibroin-chitosan (SF-CS) scaffolds. 27352815 10 4 theme TGF-β1‑SF-CS 1904:1915 arg1 scaffolds 1917:1925 the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds 1900:1925 the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds 1900:1925 We demonstrated that the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds possessed as good biocompatibility and osteogenesis as the hybrid ones. 27352815 9 5 theme bone 1778:1781 arg1 BMD 1800:1802 BMD 1800:1802 BMD 1800:1802 Moreover, the introduction of TGF-β1 to the SF-CS scaffolds markedly enhanced the efficiency of new bone formation, and this was confirmed using bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical evaluation, particularly at 8 weeks after implantation. 27352815 9 5 theme bone 1778:1781 arg1 density  1791:1798 bone mineral density  1778:1798 bone mineral density (BMD) 1778:1803 Moreover, the introduction of TGF-β1 to the SF-CS scaffolds markedly enhanced the efficiency of new bone formation, and this was confirmed using bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical evaluation, particularly at 8 weeks after implantation. 27352815 1 6 theme factor-β1 161:169 arg1 role 133:136 The role 129:136 The role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in normal human fracture healing 129:211 The role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in normal human fracture healing has been previously demonstrated. 27352815 9 7 theme TGF-β1 1663:1668 arg1 introduction 1647:1658 the introduction 1643:1658 the introduction of TGF-β1 to the SF-CS scaffolds 1643:1691 Moreover, the introduction of TGF-β1 to the SF-CS scaffolds markedly enhanced the efficiency of new bone formation, and this was confirmed using bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical evaluation, particularly at 8 weeks after implantation. 27352815 6 8 theme time-dependent 1163:1176 arg1 manner 1178:1183 a time-dependent manner 1161:1183 a time-dependent manner 1161:1183 Using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and analyzing the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression proved that TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the growth and proliferation of BMSCs on the SF-CS scaffolds in a time-dependent manner. 27352815 11 9 theme engineering 2119:2129 arg1 requirements 2091:2102 the basic requirements 2081:2102 the basic requirements of bone tissue engineering 2081:2129 Taken together, these findings indicate that the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds fulfilled the basic requirements of bone tissue engineering, and have the potential to be applied in orthopedic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery. 27352815 11 10 theme TGF-β1-SF-CS 2048:2059 arg1 scaffolds 2061:2069 the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds 2044:2069 the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds 2044:2069 Taken together, these findings indicate that the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds fulfilled the basic requirements of bone tissue engineering, and have the potential to be applied in orthopedic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery. 27352815 6 11 dep growth 1101:1106 arg1 the 1097:1099 the 1097:1099 the 1097:1099 Using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and analyzing the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression proved that TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the growth and proliferation of BMSCs on the SF-CS scaffolds in a time-dependent manner. 27352815 3 12 theme factor 685:690 arg1 device 701:706 a growth factor delivery device 676:706 a growth factor delivery device 676:706 We added TGF-β1 directly to the SF-CS scaffold to construct a 3D scaffold for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and performed evaluations to determine whether it may have potential applications as a growth factor delivery device. 27352815 3 12 theme factor 685:690 arg1 applications 660:671 potential applications 650:671 potential applications 650:671 We added TGF-β1 directly to the SF-CS scaffold to construct a 3D scaffold for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and performed evaluations to determine whether it may have potential applications as a growth factor delivery device. 27352815 0 13 theme bone 104:107 arg1 engineering 116:126 bone tissue engineering 104:126 bone tissue engineering 104:126 Synthesis of and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel TGF-β1-SF-CS three-dimensional scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27352815 2 14 theme study 276:280 arg1 objective 251:259 The objective 247:259 The objective of the present study 247:280 The objective of the present study was to examine the biocompatibility of TGF-β1-silk fibroin-chitosan (TGF-β1-SF-CS) three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds in order to construct an ideal scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27352815 12 15 theme bone 2322:2325 arg1 engineering 2334:2344 bone tissue engineering 2322:2344 bone tissue engineering 2322:2344 Thus, TGF-β1-SF-CS composite scaffolds represent a promising, novel type of scaffold for use in bone tissue engineering. 27352815 10 16 contain possessed 1927:1935 arg2 ones 1993:1996 the hybrid ones 1982:1996 the hybrid ones 1982:1996 We demonstrated that the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds possessed as good biocompatibility and osteogenesis as the hybrid ones. 27352815 10 16 contain possessed 1927:1935 arg1 scaffolds 1917:1925 the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds 1900:1925 the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds 1900:1925 We demonstrated that the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds possessed as good biocompatibility and osteogenesis as the hybrid ones. 27352815 10 16 contain possessed 1927:1935 arg2 osteogenesis 1966:1977 osteogenesis 1966:1977 osteogenesis 1966:1977 We demonstrated that the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds possessed as good biocompatibility and osteogenesis as the hybrid ones. 27352815 10 16 contain possessed 1927:1935 arg2 biocompatibility 1945:1960 biocompatibility 1945:1960 biocompatibility 1945:1960 We demonstrated that the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds possessed as good biocompatibility and osteogenesis as the hybrid ones. 27352815 10 17 theme hybrid 1986:1991 arg1 biocompatibility 1945:1960 biocompatibility 1945:1960 biocompatibility 1945:1960 We demonstrated that the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds possessed as good biocompatibility and osteogenesis as the hybrid ones. 27352815 10 17 theme hybrid 1986:1991 arg1 ones 1993:1996 the hybrid ones 1982:1996 the hybrid ones 1982:1996 We demonstrated that the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds possessed as good biocompatibility and osteogenesis as the hybrid ones. 27352815 10 17 theme hybrid 1986:1991 arg1 osteogenesis 1966:1977 osteogenesis 1966:1977 osteogenesis 1966:1977 We demonstrated that the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds possessed as good biocompatibility and osteogenesis as the hybrid ones. 27352815 1 18 theme human 190:194 arg1 healing 205:211 normal human fracture healing 183:211 normal human fracture healing 183:211 The role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in normal human fracture healing has been previously demonstrated. 27352815 11 19 theme basic 2085:2089 arg1 requirements 2091:2102 the basic requirements 2081:2102 the basic requirements of bone tissue engineering 2081:2129 Taken together, these findings indicate that the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds fulfilled the basic requirements of bone tissue engineering, and have the potential to be applied in orthopedic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery. 27352815 8 20 theme 3D 1418:1419 arg1 CT 1442:1443 The 3D computed tomography (CT) scan and histological examinations 1414:1479 CT 1442:1443 The 3D computed tomography (CT) scan and histological examinations of the samples showed that the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility and extensive osteoconductivity with the host bone after 8 weeks. 27352815 7 21 theme SF-CS 1309:1313 arg1 scaffolds 1315:1323 the SF-CS scaffolds 1305:1323 the SF-CS scaffolds 1305:1323 To examine the in vivo biocompatibility and osteogenesis of the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds, the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds and the SF-CS scaffolds were implanted in rabbit mandibles and studied histologically and microradiographically. 27352815 12 22 theme scaffold 2302:2309 arg1 type 2294:2297 a promising, novel type 2275:2297 type 2294:2297 Thus, TGF-β1-SF-CS composite scaffolds represent a promising, novel type of scaffold for use in bone tissue engineering. 27352815 8 23 theme tomography  1430:1440 arg1 CT 1442:1443 The 3D computed tomography (CT) scan and histological examinations 1414:1479 CT 1442:1443 The 3D computed tomography (CT) scan and histological examinations of the samples showed that the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility and extensive osteoconductivity with the host bone after 8 weeks. 27352815 8 24 with biocompatibility 1550:1565 arg1 bone 1613:1616 the host bone 1604:1616 the host bone 1604:1616 The 3D computed tomography (CT) scan and histological examinations of the samples showed that the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility and extensive osteoconductivity with the host bone after 8 weeks. 27352815 9 25 theme new 1729:1731 arg1 formation 1738:1746 new bone formation 1729:1746 new bone formation 1729:1746 Moreover, the introduction of TGF-β1 to the SF-CS scaffolds markedly enhanced the efficiency of new bone formation, and this was confirmed using bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical evaluation, particularly at 8 weeks after implantation. 27352815 7 26 theme TGF-β1-SF-CS 1278:1289 arg1 scaffolds 1291:1299 the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds 1274:1299 the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds 1274:1299 To examine the in vivo biocompatibility and osteogenesis of the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds, the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds and the SF-CS scaffolds were implanted in rabbit mandibles and studied histologically and microradiographically. 27352815 0 27 theme evaluation 38:47 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel TGF-β1-SF-CS three-dimensional scaffold for bone tissue engineering 0:126 Synthesis of and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel TGF-β1-SF-CS three-dimensional scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27352815 9 28 theme formation 1738:1746 arg1 efficiency 1715:1724 the efficiency 1711:1724 the efficiency of new bone formation 1711:1746 Moreover, the introduction of TGF-β1 to the SF-CS scaffolds markedly enhanced the efficiency of new bone formation, and this was confirmed using bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical evaluation, particularly at 8 weeks after implantation. 27352815 1 29 theme transforming 141:152 arg1 TGF-β1 172:177 TGF-β1 172:177 TGF-β1 172:177 The role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in normal human fracture healing has been previously demonstrated. 27352815 1 29 theme transforming 141:152 arg1 factor-β1 161:169 transforming growth factor-β1 141:169 transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) 141:178 The role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in normal human fracture healing has been previously demonstrated. 27352815 8 30 theme histological 1455:1466 arg1 examinations 1468:1479 histological examinations 1455:1479 histological examinations 1455:1479 The 3D computed tomography (CT) scan and histological examinations of the samples showed that the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility and extensive osteoconductivity with the host bone after 8 weeks. 27352815 4 31 theme marrow-derived 714:727 arg1 BMSCs 753:757 BMSCs 753:757 BMSCs 753:757 Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were seeded on the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds and the silk fibroin-chitosan (SF-CS) scaffolds. 27352815 4 31 theme marrow-derived 714:727 arg1 cells  746:751 Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells  709:751 Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 709:758 Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were seeded on the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds and the silk fibroin-chitosan (SF-CS) scaffolds. 27352815 0 32 theme TGF-β1-SF-CS 60:71 arg1 scaffold 91:98 a novel TGF-β1-SF-CS three-dimensional scaffold 52:98 a novel TGF-β1-SF-CS three-dimensional scaffold for bone tissue engineering 52:126 Synthesis of and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel TGF-β1-SF-CS three-dimensional scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27352815 5 33 theme adhesion 905:912 arg1 rate 914:917 the cell adhesion rate 896:917 the cell adhesion rate 896:917 On the TGF-β1‑SF-CS and the SF-CS scaffolds, the cell adhesion rate increased in a time‑dependent manner. 27352815 4 34 theme stem 741:744 arg1 BMSCs 753:757 BMSCs 753:757 BMSCs 753:757 Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were seeded on the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds and the silk fibroin-chitosan (SF-CS) scaffolds. 27352815 4 34 theme stem 741:744 arg1 cells  746:751 Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells  709:751 Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 709:758 Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were seeded on the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds and the silk fibroin-chitosan (SF-CS) scaffolds. 27352815 0 35 theme scaffold 91:98 arg1 evaluation 38:47 and in vitro and in vivo evaluation 13:47 and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel TGF-β1-SF-CS three-dimensional scaffold for bone tissue engineering 13:126 Synthesis of and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel TGF-β1-SF-CS three-dimensional scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27352815 7 36 dep biocompatibility 1209:1224 arg1 the 1197:1199 the 1197:1199 the 1197:1199 To examine the in vivo biocompatibility and osteogenesis of the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds, the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds and the SF-CS scaffolds were implanted in rabbit mandibles and studied histologically and microradiographically. 27352815 8 37 theme samples 1488:1494 arg1 examinations 1468:1479 histological examinations 1455:1479 histological examinations 1455:1479 The 3D computed tomography (CT) scan and histological examinations of the samples showed that the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility and extensive osteoconductivity with the host bone after 8 weeks. 27352815 8 37 theme samples 1488:1494 arg1 CT 1442:1443 The 3D computed tomography (CT) scan and histological examinations 1414:1479 CT 1442:1443 The 3D computed tomography (CT) scan and histological examinations of the samples showed that the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility and extensive osteoconductivity with the host bone after 8 weeks. 27352815 7 38 theme scaffolds 1263:1271 arg1 osteogenesis 1230:1241 osteogenesis 1230:1241 osteogenesis 1230:1241 To examine the in vivo biocompatibility and osteogenesis of the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds, the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds and the SF-CS scaffolds were implanted in rabbit mandibles and studied histologically and microradiographically. 27352815 7 38 theme scaffolds 1263:1271 arg1 biocompatibility 1209:1224 in vivo biocompatibility 1201:1224 in vivo biocompatibility 1201:1224 To examine the in vivo biocompatibility and osteogenesis of the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds, the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds and the SF-CS scaffolds were implanted in rabbit mandibles and studied histologically and microradiographically. 27352815 9 39 theme mineral 1783:1789 arg1 BMD 1800:1802 BMD 1800:1802 BMD 1800:1802 Moreover, the introduction of TGF-β1 to the SF-CS scaffolds markedly enhanced the efficiency of new bone formation, and this was confirmed using bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical evaluation, particularly at 8 weeks after implantation. 27352815 9 39 theme mineral 1783:1789 arg1 density  1791:1798 bone mineral density  1778:1798 bone mineral density (BMD) 1778:1803 Moreover, the introduction of TGF-β1 to the SF-CS scaffolds markedly enhanced the efficiency of new bone formation, and this was confirmed using bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical evaluation, particularly at 8 weeks after implantation. 27352815 6 40 theme BMSCs 1129:1133 arg1 growth 1101:1106 growth 1101:1106 growth 1101:1106 Using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and analyzing the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression proved that TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the growth and proliferation of BMSCs on the SF-CS scaffolds in a time-dependent manner. 27352815 6 40 theme BMSCs 1129:1133 arg1 proliferation 1112:1124 proliferation 1112:1124 proliferation 1112:1124 Using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and analyzing the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression proved that TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the growth and proliferation of BMSCs on the SF-CS scaffolds in a time-dependent manner. 27352815 8 41 theme TGF-β1-SF-CS 1512:1523 arg1 scaffolds 1525:1533 the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds 1508:1533 the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds 1508:1533 The 3D computed tomography (CT) scan and histological examinations of the samples showed that the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility and extensive osteoconductivity with the host bone after 8 weeks. 27352815 12 42 from use 2315:2317 arg1 engineering 2334:2344 bone tissue engineering 2322:2344 bone tissue engineering 2322:2344 Thus, TGF-β1-SF-CS composite scaffolds represent a promising, novel type of scaffold for use in bone tissue engineering. 27352815 11 43 theme reconstructive 2184:2197 arg1 surgery 2217:2223 orthopedic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery 2172:2223 orthopedic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery 2172:2223 Taken together, these findings indicate that the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds fulfilled the basic requirements of bone tissue engineering, and have the potential to be applied in orthopedic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery. 27352815 0 44 dep in 30:31 arg1 vivo 33:36 vivo 33:36 vivo 33:36 Synthesis of and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel TGF-β1-SF-CS three-dimensional scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27352815 6 45 theme Counting 970:977 arg1 CCK-8 986:990 CCK-8 986:990 CCK-8 986:990 Using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and analyzing the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression proved that TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the growth and proliferation of BMSCs on the SF-CS scaffolds in a time-dependent manner. 27352815 6 45 theme Counting 970:977 arg1 Kit-8  979:984 Cell Counting Kit-8  965:984 a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay 963:997 Using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and analyzing the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression proved that TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the growth and proliferation of BMSCs on the SF-CS scaffolds in a time-dependent manner. 27352815 2 46 theme bone 442:445 arg1 engineering 454:464 bone tissue engineering 442:464 bone tissue engineering 442:464 The objective of the present study was to examine the biocompatibility of TGF-β1-silk fibroin-chitosan (TGF-β1-SF-CS) three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds in order to construct an ideal scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27352815 0 47 theme in 30:31 arg1 evaluation 38:47 and in vitro and in vivo evaluation 13:47 and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel TGF-β1-SF-CS three-dimensional scaffold for bone tissue engineering 13:126 Synthesis of and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel TGF-β1-SF-CS three-dimensional scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27352815 9 48 theme biomechanical 1809:1821 arg1 evaluation 1823:1832 biomechanical evaluation 1809:1832 biomechanical evaluation 1809:1832 Moreover, the introduction of TGF-β1 to the SF-CS scaffolds markedly enhanced the efficiency of new bone formation, and this was confirmed using bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical evaluation, particularly at 8 weeks after implantation. 27352815 1 49 theme fracture 196:203 arg1 healing 205:211 normal human fracture healing 183:211 normal human fracture healing 183:211 The role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in normal human fracture healing has been previously demonstrated. 27352815 8 50 theme extensive 1571:1579 arg1 osteoconductivity 1581:1597 extensive osteoconductivity 1571:1597 extensive osteoconductivity with the host bone 1571:1616 The 3D computed tomography (CT) scan and histological examinations of the samples showed that the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility and extensive osteoconductivity with the host bone after 8 weeks. 27352815 6 51 theme phosphatase  1026:1037 arg1 expression 1044:1053 the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression 1013:1053 the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression 1013:1053 Using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and analyzing the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression proved that TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the growth and proliferation of BMSCs on the SF-CS scaffolds in a time-dependent manner. 27352815 3 52 theme potential 650:658 arg1 device 701:706 a growth factor delivery device 676:706 a growth factor delivery device 676:706 We added TGF-β1 directly to the SF-CS scaffold to construct a 3D scaffold for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and performed evaluations to determine whether it may have potential applications as a growth factor delivery device. 27352815 3 52 theme potential 650:658 arg1 applications 660:671 potential applications 650:671 potential applications 650:671 We added TGF-β1 directly to the SF-CS scaffold to construct a 3D scaffold for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and performed evaluations to determine whether it may have potential applications as a growth factor delivery device. 27352815 4 53 theme silk 810:813 arg1 scaffolds 840:848 the silk fibroin-chitosan (SF-CS) scaffolds 806:848 the silk fibroin-chitosan (SF-CS) scaffolds 806:848 Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were seeded on the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds and the silk fibroin-chitosan (SF-CS) scaffolds. 27352815 8 54 theme host 1608:1611 arg1 bone 1613:1616 the host bone 1604:1616 the host bone 1604:1616 The 3D computed tomography (CT) scan and histological examinations of the samples showed that the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility and extensive osteoconductivity with the host bone after 8 weeks. 27352815 2 55 theme present 268:274 arg1 study 276:280 the present study 264:280 the present study 264:280 The objective of the present study was to examine the biocompatibility of TGF-β1-silk fibroin-chitosan (TGF-β1-SF-CS) three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds in order to construct an ideal scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27352815 11 56 theme bone 2107:2110 arg1 engineering 2119:2129 bone tissue engineering 2107:2129 bone tissue engineering 2107:2129 Taken together, these findings indicate that the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds fulfilled the basic requirements of bone tissue engineering, and have the potential to be applied in orthopedic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery. 27352815 3 57 theme growth 678:683 arg1 device 701:706 a growth factor delivery device 676:706 a growth factor delivery device 676:706 We added TGF-β1 directly to the SF-CS scaffold to construct a 3D scaffold for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and performed evaluations to determine whether it may have potential applications as a growth factor delivery device. 27352815 3 57 theme growth 678:683 arg1 applications 660:671 potential applications 650:671 potential applications 650:671 We added TGF-β1 directly to the SF-CS scaffold to construct a 3D scaffold for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and performed evaluations to determine whether it may have potential applications as a growth factor delivery device. 27352815 8 58 with osteoconductivity 1581:1597 arg1 bone 1613:1616 the host bone 1604:1616 the host bone 1604:1616 The 3D computed tomography (CT) scan and histological examinations of the samples showed that the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility and extensive osteoconductivity with the host bone after 8 weeks. 27352815 1 59 theme growth 154:159 arg1 TGF-β1 172:177 TGF-β1 172:177 TGF-β1 172:177 The role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in normal human fracture healing has been previously demonstrated. 27352815 1 59 theme growth 154:159 arg1 factor-β1 161:169 transforming growth factor-β1 141:169 transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) 141:178 The role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in normal human fracture healing has been previously demonstrated. 27352815 4 60 theme TGF-β1-SF-CS 779:790 arg1 scaffolds 792:800 the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds 775:800 the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds 775:800 Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were seeded on the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds and the silk fibroin-chitosan (SF-CS) scaffolds. 27352815 11 61 contain have 2136:2139 arg2 potential 2145:2153 the potential to be applied in orthopedic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery 2141:2223 the potential to be applied in orthopedic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery 2141:2223 Taken together, these findings indicate that the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds fulfilled the basic requirements of bone tissue engineering, and have the potential to be applied in orthopedic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery. 27352815 11 61 contain have 2136:2139 arg1 findings 2021:2028 these findings 2015:2028 these findings 2015:2028 Taken together, these findings indicate that the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds fulfilled the basic requirements of bone tissue engineering, and have the potential to be applied in orthopedic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery. 27352815 0 62 theme tissue 109:114 arg1 engineering 116:126 bone tissue engineering 104:126 bone tissue engineering 104:126 Synthesis of and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel TGF-β1-SF-CS three-dimensional scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27352815 3 63 theme 3D 529:530 arg1 scaffold 532:539 a 3D scaffold 527:539 a 3D scaffold 527:539 We added TGF-β1 directly to the SF-CS scaffold to construct a 3D scaffold for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and performed evaluations to determine whether it may have potential applications as a growth factor delivery device. 27352815 9 64 theme SF-CS 1677:1681 arg1 scaffolds 1683:1691 the SF-CS scaffolds 1673:1691 the SF-CS scaffolds 1673:1691 Moreover, the introduction of TGF-β1 to the SF-CS scaffolds markedly enhanced the efficiency of new bone formation, and this was confirmed using bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical evaluation, particularly at 8 weeks after implantation. 27352815 12 65 theme tissue 2327:2332 arg1 engineering 2334:2344 bone tissue engineering 2322:2344 bone tissue engineering 2322:2344 Thus, TGF-β1-SF-CS composite scaffolds represent a promising, novel type of scaffold for use in bone tissue engineering. 27352815 7 66 theme rabbit 1343:1348 arg1 mandibles 1350:1358 rabbit mandibles 1343:1358 rabbit mandibles 1343:1358 To examine the in vivo biocompatibility and osteogenesis of the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds, the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds and the SF-CS scaffolds were implanted in rabbit mandibles and studied histologically and microradiographically. 27352815 3 67 theme delivery 692:699 arg1 device 701:706 a growth factor delivery device 676:706 a growth factor delivery device 676:706 We added TGF-β1 directly to the SF-CS scaffold to construct a 3D scaffold for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and performed evaluations to determine whether it may have potential applications as a growth factor delivery device. 27352815 3 67 theme delivery 692:699 arg1 applications 660:671 potential applications 650:671 potential applications 650:671 We added TGF-β1 directly to the SF-CS scaffold to construct a 3D scaffold for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and performed evaluations to determine whether it may have potential applications as a growth factor delivery device. 27352815 1 68 theme normal 183:188 arg1 healing 205:211 normal human fracture healing 183:211 normal human fracture healing 183:211 The role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in normal human fracture healing has been previously demonstrated. 27352815 8 69 theme computed 1421:1428 arg1 CT 1442:1443 The 3D computed tomography (CT) scan and histological examinations 1414:1479 CT 1442:1443 The 3D computed tomography (CT) scan and histological examinations of the samples showed that the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility and extensive osteoconductivity with the host bone after 8 weeks. 27352815 3 70 theme first 549:553 arg1 time 555:558 the first time 545:558 the first time 545:558 We added TGF-β1 directly to the SF-CS scaffold to construct a 3D scaffold for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and performed evaluations to determine whether it may have potential applications as a growth factor delivery device. 27352815 6 71 theme SF-CS 1142:1146 arg1 scaffolds 1148:1156 the SF-CS scaffolds 1138:1156 the SF-CS scaffolds 1138:1156 Using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and analyzing the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression proved that TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the growth and proliferation of BMSCs on the SF-CS scaffolds in a time-dependent manner. 27352815 6 72 from scaffolds 1148:1156 arg1 growth 1101:1106 growth 1101:1106 growth 1101:1106 Using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and analyzing the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression proved that TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the growth and proliferation of BMSCs on the SF-CS scaffolds in a time-dependent manner. 27352815 6 72 from scaffolds 1148:1156 arg1 proliferation 1112:1124 proliferation 1112:1124 proliferation 1112:1124 Using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and analyzing the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression proved that TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the growth and proliferation of BMSCs on the SF-CS scaffolds in a time-dependent manner. 27352815 6 73 theme Cell 965:968 arg1 CCK-8 986:990 CCK-8 986:990 CCK-8 986:990 Using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and analyzing the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression proved that TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the growth and proliferation of BMSCs on the SF-CS scaffolds in a time-dependent manner. 27352815 6 73 theme Cell 965:968 arg1 Kit-8  979:984 Cell Counting Kit-8  965:984 a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay 963:997 Using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and analyzing the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression proved that TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the growth and proliferation of BMSCs on the SF-CS scaffolds in a time-dependent manner. 27352815 9 74 theme bone 1733:1736 arg1 formation 1738:1746 new bone formation 1729:1746 new bone formation 1729:1746 Moreover, the introduction of TGF-β1 to the SF-CS scaffolds markedly enhanced the efficiency of new bone formation, and this was confirmed using bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical evaluation, particularly at 8 weeks after implantation. 27352815 12 75 theme novel 2288:2292 arg1 type 2294:2297 a promising, novel type 2275:2297 type 2294:2297 Thus, TGF-β1-SF-CS composite scaffolds represent a promising, novel type of scaffold for use in bone tissue engineering. 27352815 6 76 from BMSCs 1129:1133 arg1 scaffolds 1148:1156 the SF-CS scaffolds 1138:1156 the SF-CS scaffolds 1138:1156 Using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and analyzing the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression proved that TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the growth and proliferation of BMSCs on the SF-CS scaffolds in a time-dependent manner. 27352815 0 77 theme novel 54:58 arg1 scaffold 91:98 a novel TGF-β1-SF-CS three-dimensional scaffold 52:98 a novel TGF-β1-SF-CS three-dimensional scaffold for bone tissue engineering 52:126 Synthesis of and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel TGF-β1-SF-CS three-dimensional scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27352815 10 78 theme good 1940:1943 arg1 biocompatibility 1945:1960 biocompatibility 1945:1960 biocompatibility 1945:1960 We demonstrated that the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds possessed as good biocompatibility and osteogenesis as the hybrid ones. 27352815 10 78 theme good 1940:1943 arg1 ones 1993:1996 the hybrid ones 1982:1996 the hybrid ones 1982:1996 We demonstrated that the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds possessed as good biocompatibility and osteogenesis as the hybrid ones. 27352815 10 78 theme good 1940:1943 arg1 osteogenesis 1966:1977 osteogenesis 1966:1977 osteogenesis 1966:1977 We demonstrated that the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds possessed as good biocompatibility and osteogenesis as the hybrid ones. 27352815 11 79 theme maxillofacial 2203:2215 arg1 surgery 2217:2223 orthopedic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery 2172:2223 orthopedic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery 2172:2223 Taken together, these findings indicate that the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds fulfilled the basic requirements of bone tissue engineering, and have the potential to be applied in orthopedic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery. 27352815 3 80 contain have 645:648 arg1 it 638:639 it 638:639 it 638:639 We added TGF-β1 directly to the SF-CS scaffold to construct a 3D scaffold for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and performed evaluations to determine whether it may have potential applications as a growth factor delivery device. 27352815 3 80 contain have 645:648 arg2 applications 660:671 potential applications 650:671 potential applications 650:671 We added TGF-β1 directly to the SF-CS scaffold to construct a 3D scaffold for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and performed evaluations to determine whether it may have potential applications as a growth factor delivery device. 27352815 3 80 contain have 645:648 arg2 device 701:706 a growth factor delivery device 676:706 a growth factor delivery device 676:706 We added TGF-β1 directly to the SF-CS scaffold to construct a 3D scaffold for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and performed evaluations to determine whether it may have potential applications as a growth factor delivery device. 27352815 0 81 theme three-dimensional 73:89 arg1 scaffold 91:98 a novel TGF-β1-SF-CS three-dimensional scaffold 52:98 a novel TGF-β1-SF-CS three-dimensional scaffold for bone tissue engineering 52:126 Synthesis of and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel TGF-β1-SF-CS three-dimensional scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27352815 5 82 theme cell 900:903 arg1 rate 914:917 the cell adhesion rate 896:917 the cell adhesion rate 896:917 On the TGF-β1‑SF-CS and the SF-CS scaffolds, the cell adhesion rate increased in a time‑dependent manner. 27352815 6 83 from growth 1101:1106 arg1 scaffolds 1148:1156 the SF-CS scaffolds 1138:1156 the SF-CS scaffolds 1138:1156 Using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and analyzing the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression proved that TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the growth and proliferation of BMSCs on the SF-CS scaffolds in a time-dependent manner. 27352815 1 84 from role 133:136 arg1 healing 205:211 normal human fracture healing 183:211 normal human fracture healing 183:211 The role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in normal human fracture healing has been previously demonstrated. 27352815 12 85 theme promising 2277:2285 arg1 type 2294:2297 a promising, novel type 2275:2297 type 2294:2297 Thus, TGF-β1-SF-CS composite scaffolds represent a promising, novel type of scaffold for use in bone tissue engineering. 27352815 4 86 theme mesenchymal 729:739 arg1 BMSCs 753:757 BMSCs 753:757 BMSCs 753:757 Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were seeded on the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds and the silk fibroin-chitosan (SF-CS) scaffolds. 27352815 4 86 theme mesenchymal 729:739 arg1 cells  746:751 Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells  709:751 Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 709:758 Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were seeded on the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds and the silk fibroin-chitosan (SF-CS) scaffolds. 27352815 6 87 from proliferation 1112:1124 arg1 scaffolds 1148:1156 the SF-CS scaffolds 1138:1156 the SF-CS scaffolds 1138:1156 Using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and analyzing the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression proved that TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the growth and proliferation of BMSCs on the SF-CS scaffolds in a time-dependent manner. 27352815 5 88 theme SF-CS 879:883 arg1 scaffolds 885:893 the SF-CS scaffolds 875:893 the SF-CS scaffolds 875:893 On the TGF-β1‑SF-CS and the SF-CS scaffolds, the cell adhesion rate increased in a time‑dependent manner. 27352815 7 89 theme TGF-β1‑SF-CS 1250:1261 arg1 scaffolds 1263:1271 the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds 1246:1271 the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds 1246:1271 To examine the in vivo biocompatibility and osteogenesis of the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds, the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds and the SF-CS scaffolds were implanted in rabbit mandibles and studied histologically and microradiographically. 27352815 2 90 theme ideal 423:427 arg1 scaffold 429:436 an ideal scaffold 420:436 an ideal scaffold for bone tissue engineering 420:464 The objective of the present study was to examine the biocompatibility of TGF-β1-silk fibroin-chitosan (TGF-β1-SF-CS) three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds in order to construct an ideal scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27352815 2 91 theme three-dimensional  365:382 arg1 scaffolds 388:396 TGF-β1-silk fibroin-chitosan (TGF-β1-SF-CS) three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds 321:396 TGF-β1-silk fibroin-chitosan (TGF-β1-SF-CS) three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds 321:396 The objective of the present study was to examine the biocompatibility of TGF-β1-silk fibroin-chitosan (TGF-β1-SF-CS) three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds in order to construct an ideal scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27352815 0 92 theme in 17:18 arg1 evaluation 38:47 and in vitro and in vivo evaluation 13:47 and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel TGF-β1-SF-CS three-dimensional scaffold for bone tissue engineering 13:126 Synthesis of and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel TGF-β1-SF-CS three-dimensional scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27352815 12 93 theme composite 2245:2253 arg1 scaffolds 2255:2263 TGF-β1-SF-CS composite scaffolds 2232:2263 TGF-β1-SF-CS composite scaffolds 2232:2263 Thus, TGF-β1-SF-CS composite scaffolds represent a promising, novel type of scaffold for use in bone tissue engineering. 27352815 6 94 theme Kit-8  979:984 arg1 assay 993:997 a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay 963:997 a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay 963:997 Using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and analyzing the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression proved that TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the growth and proliferation of BMSCs on the SF-CS scaffolds in a time-dependent manner. 27352815 2 95 theme tissue 447:452 arg1 engineering 454:464 bone tissue engineering 442:464 bone tissue engineering 442:464 The objective of the present study was to examine the biocompatibility of TGF-β1-silk fibroin-chitosan (TGF-β1-SF-CS) three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds in order to construct an ideal scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27352815 8 96 theme good 1545:1548 arg1 biocompatibility 1550:1565 good biocompatibility 1545:1565 good biocompatibility 1545:1565 The 3D computed tomography (CT) scan and histological examinations of the samples showed that the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility and extensive osteoconductivity with the host bone after 8 weeks. 27352815 2 97 theme scaffolds 388:396 arg1 biocompatibility 301:316 the biocompatibility 297:316 the biocompatibility of TGF-β1-silk fibroin-chitosan (TGF-β1-SF-CS) three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds 297:396 The objective of the present study was to examine the biocompatibility of TGF-β1-silk fibroin-chitosan (TGF-β1-SF-CS) three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds in order to construct an ideal scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27352815 7 98 theme in vivo 1201:1207 arg1 biocompatibility 1209:1224 in vivo biocompatibility 1201:1224 in vivo biocompatibility 1201:1224 To examine the in vivo biocompatibility and osteogenesis of the TGF-β1‑SF-CS scaffolds, the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds and the SF-CS scaffolds were implanted in rabbit mandibles and studied histologically and microradiographically. 27352815 11 99 theme orthopedic 2172:2181 arg1 surgery 2217:2223 orthopedic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery 2172:2223 orthopedic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery 2172:2223 Taken together, these findings indicate that the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds fulfilled the basic requirements of bone tissue engineering, and have the potential to be applied in orthopedic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery. 27352815 0 100 dep in 17:18 arg1 vitro 20:24 vitro 20:24 vitro 20:24 Synthesis of and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel TGF-β1-SF-CS three-dimensional scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27352815 4 101 link marrow-derived 714:727 arg1 BMSCs 753:757 BMSCs 753:757 BMSCs 753:757 Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were seeded on the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds and the silk fibroin-chitosan (SF-CS) scaffolds. 27352815 4 101 link marrow-derived 714:727 arg1 cells  746:751 Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells  709:751 Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 709:758 Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were seeded on the TGF-β1-SF-CS scaffolds and the silk fibroin-chitosan (SF-CS) scaffolds. 27352815 12 102 theme TGF-β1-SF-CS 2232:2243 arg1 scaffolds 2255:2263 TGF-β1-SF-CS composite scaffolds 2232:2263 TGF-β1-SF-CS composite scaffolds 2232:2263 Thus, TGF-β1-SF-CS composite scaffolds represent a promising, novel type of scaffold for use in bone tissue engineering. 27352815 2 103 dep three-dimensional  365:382 arg1 3D 384:385 3D 384:385 3D 384:385 The objective of the present study was to examine the biocompatibility of TGF-β1-silk fibroin-chitosan (TGF-β1-SF-CS) three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds in order to construct an ideal scaffold for bone tissue engineering. 27352815 5 104 theme time‑dependent 934:947 arg1 manner 949:954 a time‑dependent manner 932:954 a time‑dependent manner 932:954 On the TGF-β1‑SF-CS and the SF-CS scaffolds, the cell adhesion rate increased in a time‑dependent manner. 27352815 3 105 theme SF-CS 499:503 arg1 scaffold 505:512 the SF-CS scaffold 495:512 the SF-CS scaffold 495:512 We added TGF-β1 directly to the SF-CS scaffold to construct a 3D scaffold for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and performed evaluations to determine whether it may have potential applications as a growth factor delivery device. 25625033 0 0 theme Lactobacillus 93:105 arg1 strains 119:125 Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains 93:125 Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains 93:125 In vitro evaluation of immunological properties of extracellular polysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains. 25625033 3 1 theme Transwell 719:727 arg1 system 740:745 a Transwell co-culture system 717:745 a Transwell co-culture system 717:745 Meanwhile, the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system, which employed human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the basolateral side. 25625033 5 2 from activity 1142:1149 arg1 cells 1159:1163 L929 cells 1154:1163 L929 cells 1154:1163 After incubation, the amounts of TNF-α and several cytokines that had been released by either RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were then quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells or the RT-PCR method. 25625033 5 2 from activity 1142:1149 arg1 method 1179:1184 the RT-PCR method 1168:1184 the RT-PCR method 1168:1184 After incubation, the amounts of TNF-α and several cytokines that had been released by either RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were then quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells or the RT-PCR method. 25625033 6 3 theme production 1278:1287 arg1 profiles 1257:1264 different profiles 1247:1264 different profiles of cytokine production 1247:1287 It was found that the EPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells express different profiles of cytokine production via Caco-2 cells but that the profile difference could not be related to the above TLC grouping. 25625033 2 4 theme delbrueckii 397:407 arg1 strains 409:415 L. delbrueckii strains 394:415 L. delbrueckii strains, as determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), 394:466 The monosaccharide composition of each EPS produced by L. delbrueckii strains, as determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), showed an appreciable variation in a strain-dependent manner, which could be broadly assigned to 4 TLC groups. 25625033 5 5 theme several 1032:1038 arg1 cytokines 1040:1048 several cytokines 1032:1048 several cytokines 1032:1048 After incubation, the amounts of TNF-α and several cytokines that had been released by either RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were then quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells or the RT-PCR method. 25625033 5 6 theme RT-PCR 1172:1177 arg1 method 1179:1184 the RT-PCR method 1168:1184 the RT-PCR method 1168:1184 After incubation, the amounts of TNF-α and several cytokines that had been released by either RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were then quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells or the RT-PCR method. 25625033 2 7 theme strain-dependent 505:520 arg1 manner 522:527 a strain-dependent manner 503:527 a strain-dependent manner 503:527 The monosaccharide composition of each EPS produced by L. delbrueckii strains, as determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), showed an appreciable variation in a strain-dependent manner, which could be broadly assigned to 4 TLC groups. 25625033 7 8 theme strains 1440:1446 arg1 EPSs 1417:1420 the EPSs 1413:1420 the EPSs of L. delbrueckii strains 1413:1446 The evidence suggests that the EPSs of L. delbrueckii strains are diverse not only in their biochemical structure but also in their immunological properties. 25625033 7 8 theme strains 1440:1446 arg1 diverse 1452:1458 diverse 1452:1458 diverse 1452:1458 The evidence suggests that the EPSs of L. delbrueckii strains are diverse not only in their biochemical structure but also in their immunological properties. 25625033 3 9 from cells 798:802 arg1 side 818:821 the apical side 807:821 the apical side 807:821 Meanwhile, the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system, which employed human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the basolateral side. 25625033 7 10 from diverse 1452:1458 arg1 properties 1532:1541 their immunological properties 1512:1541 their immunological properties 1512:1541 The evidence suggests that the EPSs of L. delbrueckii strains are diverse not only in their biochemical structure but also in their immunological properties. 25625033 7 10 from diverse 1452:1458 arg1 structure 1490:1498 their biochemical structure 1472:1498 their biochemical structure 1472:1498 The evidence suggests that the EPSs of L. delbrueckii strains are diverse not only in their biochemical structure but also in their immunological properties. 25625033 2 11 theme L. 394:395 arg1 strains 409:415 L. delbrueckii strains 394:415 L. delbrueckii strains, as determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), 394:466 The monosaccharide composition of each EPS produced by L. delbrueckii strains, as determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), showed an appreciable variation in a strain-dependent manner, which could be broadly assigned to 4 TLC groups. 25625033 6 12 theme cytokine 1269:1276 arg1 production 1278:1287 cytokine production 1269:1287 cytokine production 1269:1287 It was found that the EPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells express different profiles of cytokine production via Caco-2 cells but that the profile difference could not be related to the above TLC grouping. 25625033 4 13 theme Caco-2 952:957 arg1 cells 959:963 Caco-2 cells 952:963 Caco-2 cells 952:963 Each EPS was added to the apical side to allow direct contact with Caco-2 cells and incubated for 6 hr. 25625033 3 14 theme macrophage 834:843 arg1 cells 854:858 murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells 827:858 murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells 827:858 Meanwhile, the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system, which employed human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the basolateral side. 25625033 0 15 theme delbrueckii 107:117 arg1 strains 119:125 Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains 93:125 Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains 93:125 In vitro evaluation of immunological properties of extracellular polysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains. 25625033 2 16 from variation 490:498 arg1 manner 522:527 a strain-dependent manner 503:527 a strain-dependent manner 503:527 The monosaccharide composition of each EPS produced by L. delbrueckii strains, as determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), showed an appreciable variation in a strain-dependent manner, which could be broadly assigned to 4 TLC groups. 25625033 6 17 theme different 1247:1255 arg1 profiles 1257:1264 different profiles 1247:1264 different profiles of cytokine production 1247:1287 It was found that the EPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells express different profiles of cytokine production via Caco-2 cells but that the profile difference could not be related to the above TLC grouping. 25625033 4 18 with contact 939:945 arg1 cells 959:963 Caco-2 cells 952:963 Caco-2 cells 952:963 Each EPS was added to the apical side to allow direct contact with Caco-2 cells and incubated for 6 hr. 25625033 3 19 theme RAW264.7 845:852 arg1 cells 854:858 murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells 827:858 murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells 827:858 Meanwhile, the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system, which employed human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the basolateral side. 25625033 7 20 theme delbrueckii 1428:1438 arg1 strains 1440:1446 L. delbrueckii strains 1425:1446 L. delbrueckii strains 1425:1446 The evidence suggests that the EPSs of L. delbrueckii strains are diverse not only in their biochemical structure but also in their immunological properties. 25625033 7 21 from properties 1532:1541 arg1 diverse 1452:1458 diverse 1452:1458 diverse 1452:1458 The evidence suggests that the EPSs of L. delbrueckii strains are diverse not only in their biochemical structure but also in their immunological properties. 25625033 1 22 theme extracellular 193:205 arg1 EPSs 224:227 EPSs 224:227 EPSs 224:227 We investigated the variation in immunological properties of the extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) produced by different Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains as well as that of their monosaccharide composition. 25625033 1 22 theme extracellular 193:205 arg1 polysaccharides 207:221 the extracellular polysaccharides 189:221 the extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) produced by different Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains as well as that of their monosaccharide composition 189:336 We investigated the variation in immunological properties of the extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) produced by different Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains as well as that of their monosaccharide composition. 25625033 6 23 theme TLC 1372:1374 arg1 grouping 1376:1383 the above TLC grouping 1362:1383 the above TLC grouping 1362:1383 It was found that the EPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells express different profiles of cytokine production via Caco-2 cells but that the profile difference could not be related to the above TLC grouping. 25625033 3 24 theme co-culture 729:738 arg1 system 740:745 a Transwell co-culture system 717:745 a Transwell co-culture system 717:745 Meanwhile, the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system, which employed human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the basolateral side. 25625033 1 25 from variation 148:156 arg1 properties 175:184 immunological properties 161:184 immunological properties of the extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) produced by different Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains as well as that of their monosaccharide composition 161:336 We investigated the variation in immunological properties of the extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) produced by different Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains as well as that of their monosaccharide composition. 25625033 2 26 dep strains 409:415 arg1 determined 421:430 determined 421:430 determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) 421:465 The monosaccharide composition of each EPS produced by L. delbrueckii strains, as determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), showed an appreciable variation in a strain-dependent manner, which could be broadly assigned to 4 TLC groups. 25625033 1 27 theme polysaccharides 207:221 arg1 properties 175:184 immunological properties 161:184 immunological properties of the extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) produced by different Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains as well as that of their monosaccharide composition 161:336 We investigated the variation in immunological properties of the extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) produced by different Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains as well as that of their monosaccharide composition. 25625033 5 28 theme Caco-2 1095:1100 arg1 cells 1102:1106 Caco-2 cells 1095:1106 Caco-2 cells 1095:1106 After incubation, the amounts of TNF-α and several cytokines that had been released by either RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were then quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells or the RT-PCR method. 25625033 6 29 theme RAW264.7 1224:1231 arg1 cells 1233:1237 the EPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells 1205:1237 the EPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells 1205:1237 It was found that the EPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells express different profiles of cytokine production via Caco-2 cells but that the profile difference could not be related to the above TLC grouping. 25625033 5 30 theme L929 1154:1157 arg1 cells 1159:1163 L929 cells 1154:1163 L929 cells 1154:1163 After incubation, the amounts of TNF-α and several cytokines that had been released by either RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were then quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells or the RT-PCR method. 25625033 0 31 theme In 0:1 arg1 evaluation 9:18 In vitro evaluation 0:18 In vitro evaluation of immunological properties of extracellular polysaccharides 0:79 In vitro evaluation of immunological properties of extracellular polysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains. 25625033 3 32 theme intestinal 769:778 arg1 cells 798:802 human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells 763:802 human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side 763:821 Meanwhile, the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system, which employed human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the basolateral side. 25625033 6 33 theme EPS-stimulated 1209:1222 arg1 cells 1233:1237 the EPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells 1205:1237 the EPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells 1205:1237 It was found that the EPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells express different profiles of cytokine production via Caco-2 cells but that the profile difference could not be related to the above TLC grouping. 25625033 1 34 theme monosaccharide 311:324 arg1 composition 326:336 their monosaccharide composition 305:336 their monosaccharide composition 305:336 We investigated the variation in immunological properties of the extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) produced by different Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains as well as that of their monosaccharide composition. 25625033 6 35 theme profile 1319:1325 arg1 difference 1327:1336 the profile difference 1315:1336 the profile difference 1315:1336 It was found that the EPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells express different profiles of cytokine production via Caco-2 cells but that the profile difference could not be related to the above TLC grouping. 25625033 6 35 theme profile 1319:1325 arg1 related 1351:1357 related 1351:1357 related 1351:1357 It was found that the EPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells express different profiles of cytokine production via Caco-2 cells but that the profile difference could not be related to the above TLC grouping. 25625033 7 36 theme immunological 1518:1530 arg1 properties 1532:1541 their immunological properties 1512:1541 their immunological properties 1512:1541 The evidence suggests that the EPSs of L. delbrueckii strains are diverse not only in their biochemical structure but also in their immunological properties. 25625033 2 37 theme monosaccharide 343:356 arg1 composition 358:368 The monosaccharide composition 339:368 The monosaccharide composition of each EPS produced by L. delbrueckii strains, as determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), 339:466 The monosaccharide composition of each EPS produced by L. delbrueckii strains, as determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), showed an appreciable variation in a strain-dependent manner, which could be broadly assigned to 4 TLC groups. 25625033 2 38 theme TLC 567:569 arg1 groups 571:576 4 TLC groups 565:576 4 TLC groups 565:576 The monosaccharide composition of each EPS produced by L. delbrueckii strains, as determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), showed an appreciable variation in a strain-dependent manner, which could be broadly assigned to 4 TLC groups. 25625033 4 39 theme direct 932:937 arg1 contact 939:945 direct contact 932:945 direct contact with Caco-2 cells 932:963 Each EPS was added to the apical side to allow direct contact with Caco-2 cells and incubated for 6 hr. 25625033 0 40 theme properties 37:46 arg1 evaluation 9:18 In vitro evaluation 0:18 In vitro evaluation of immunological properties of extracellular polysaccharides 0:79 In vitro evaluation of immunological properties of extracellular polysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains. 25625033 3 41 theme human 763:767 arg1 cells 798:802 human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells 763:802 human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side 763:821 Meanwhile, the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system, which employed human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the basolateral side. 25625033 3 42 from cells 854:858 arg1 side 818:821 the apical side 807:821 the apical side 807:821 Meanwhile, the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system, which employed human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the basolateral side. 25625033 7 43 theme biochemical 1478:1488 arg1 structure 1490:1498 their biochemical structure 1472:1498 their biochemical structure 1472:1498 The evidence suggests that the EPSs of L. delbrueckii strains are diverse not only in their biochemical structure but also in their immunological properties. 25625033 2 44 theme thin 435:438 arg1 chromatography 446:459 thin layer chromatography 435:459 thin layer chromatography (TLC) 435:465 The monosaccharide composition of each EPS produced by L. delbrueckii strains, as determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), showed an appreciable variation in a strain-dependent manner, which could be broadly assigned to 4 TLC groups. 25625033 2 44 theme thin 435:438 arg1 TLC 462:464 TLC 462:464 TLC 462:464 The monosaccharide composition of each EPS produced by L. delbrueckii strains, as determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), showed an appreciable variation in a strain-dependent manner, which could be broadly assigned to 4 TLC groups. 25625033 0 45 theme immunological 23:35 arg1 properties 37:46 immunological properties 23:46 immunological properties of extracellular polysaccharides 23:79 In vitro evaluation of immunological properties of extracellular polysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains. 25625033 1 46 dep Lactobacillus 252:264 arg1 delbrueckii 266:276 delbrueckii 266:276 delbrueckii 266:276 We investigated the variation in immunological properties of the extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) produced by different Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains as well as that of their monosaccharide composition. 25625033 1 47 theme different 242:250 arg1 strains 278:284 different Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains 242:284 different Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains as well as that of their monosaccharide composition 242:336 We investigated the variation in immunological properties of the extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) produced by different Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains as well as that of their monosaccharide composition. 25625033 0 48 theme extracellular 51:63 arg1 polysaccharides 65:79 extracellular polysaccharides 51:79 extracellular polysaccharides 51:79 In vitro evaluation of immunological properties of extracellular polysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains. 25625033 5 49 theme cytotoxic 1132:1140 arg1 activity 1142:1149 cytotoxic activity 1132:1149 cytotoxic activity on L929 cells or the RT-PCR method 1132:1184 After incubation, the amounts of TNF-α and several cytokines that had been released by either RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were then quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells or the RT-PCR method. 25625033 7 50 theme L. 1425:1426 arg1 strains 1440:1446 L. delbrueckii strains 1425:1446 L. delbrueckii strains 1425:1446 The evidence suggests that the EPSs of L. delbrueckii strains are diverse not only in their biochemical structure but also in their immunological properties. 25625033 3 51 theme delbrueckii 649:659 arg1 strains 661:667 10 L. delbrueckii strains 643:667 10 L. delbrueckii strains 643:667 Meanwhile, the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system, which employed human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the basolateral side. 25625033 3 52 theme immunological 594:606 arg1 Meanwhile 579:587 Meanwhile 579:587 Meanwhile 579:587 Meanwhile, the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system, which employed human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the basolateral side. 25625033 3 52 theme immunological 594:606 arg1 properties 608:617 the immunological properties 590:617 the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains 590:667 Meanwhile, the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system, which employed human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the basolateral side. 25625033 3 53 theme epithelial 780:789 arg1 cells 798:802 human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells 763:802 human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side 763:821 Meanwhile, the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system, which employed human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the basolateral side. 25625033 2 54 theme appreciable 478:488 arg1 variation 490:498 an appreciable variation 475:498 an appreciable variation 475:498 The monosaccharide composition of each EPS produced by L. delbrueckii strains, as determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), showed an appreciable variation in a strain-dependent manner, which could be broadly assigned to 4 TLC groups. 25625033 3 55 theme Caco-2 791:796 arg1 cells 798:802 human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells 763:802 human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side 763:821 Meanwhile, the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system, which employed human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the basolateral side. 25625033 6 56 theme Caco-2 1293:1298 arg1 cells 1300:1304 Caco-2 cells 1293:1304 Caco-2 cells 1293:1304 It was found that the EPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells express different profiles of cytokine production via Caco-2 cells but that the profile difference could not be related to the above TLC grouping. 25625033 5 57 theme TNF-α 1022:1026 arg1 cytokines 1040:1048 several cytokines 1032:1048 several cytokines 1032:1048 After incubation, the amounts of TNF-α and several cytokines that had been released by either RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were then quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells or the RT-PCR method. 25625033 5 57 theme TNF-α 1022:1026 arg1 amounts 1011:1017 the amounts 1007:1017 the amounts of TNF-α and several cytokines that had been released by either RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells 1007:1106 After incubation, the amounts of TNF-α and several cytokines that had been released by either RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were then quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells or the RT-PCR method. 25625033 5 57 theme TNF-α 1022:1026 arg1 TNF-α 1022:1026 TNF-α 1022:1026 TNF-α 1022:1026 After incubation, the amounts of TNF-α and several cytokines that had been released by either RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were then quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells or the RT-PCR method. 25625033 3 58 theme L. 646:647 arg1 strains 661:667 10 L. delbrueckii strains 643:667 10 L. delbrueckii strains 643:667 Meanwhile, the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system, which employed human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the basolateral side. 25625033 3 59 theme semi-intestinal 689:703 arg1 model 705:709 a semi-intestinal model 687:709 a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system, which employed human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the basolateral side 687:882 Meanwhile, the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system, which employed human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the basolateral side. 25625033 2 60 theme EPS 378:380 arg1 composition 358:368 The monosaccharide composition 339:368 The monosaccharide composition of each EPS produced by L. delbrueckii strains, as determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), 339:466 The monosaccharide composition of each EPS produced by L. delbrueckii strains, as determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), showed an appreciable variation in a strain-dependent manner, which could be broadly assigned to 4 TLC groups. 25625033 1 61 theme Lactobacillus 252:264 arg1 strains 278:284 different Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains 242:284 different Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains as well as that of their monosaccharide composition 242:336 We investigated the variation in immunological properties of the extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) produced by different Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains as well as that of their monosaccharide composition. 25625033 4 62 theme apical 911:916 arg1 side 918:921 the apical side to allow direct contact with Caco-2 cells 907:963 the apical side to allow direct contact with Caco-2 cells 907:963 Each EPS was added to the apical side to allow direct contact with Caco-2 cells and incubated for 6 hr. 25625033 5 63 theme cytokines 1040:1048 arg1 cytokines 1040:1048 several cytokines 1032:1048 several cytokines 1032:1048 After incubation, the amounts of TNF-α and several cytokines that had been released by either RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were then quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells or the RT-PCR method. 25625033 5 63 theme cytokines 1040:1048 arg1 amounts 1011:1017 the amounts 1007:1017 the amounts of TNF-α and several cytokines that had been released by either RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells 1007:1106 After incubation, the amounts of TNF-α and several cytokines that had been released by either RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were then quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells or the RT-PCR method. 25625033 5 63 theme cytokines 1040:1048 arg1 TNF-α 1022:1026 TNF-α 1022:1026 TNF-α 1022:1026 After incubation, the amounts of TNF-α and several cytokines that had been released by either RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were then quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells or the RT-PCR method. 25625033 3 64 theme murine 827:832 arg1 cells 854:858 murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells 827:858 murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells 827:858 Meanwhile, the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system, which employed human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the basolateral side. 25625033 6 65 theme above 1366:1370 arg1 grouping 1376:1383 the above TLC grouping 1362:1383 the above TLC grouping 1362:1383 It was found that the EPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells express different profiles of cytokine production via Caco-2 cells but that the profile difference could not be related to the above TLC grouping. 25625033 2 66 theme layer 440:444 arg1 chromatography 446:459 thin layer chromatography 435:459 thin layer chromatography (TLC) 435:465 The monosaccharide composition of each EPS produced by L. delbrueckii strains, as determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), showed an appreciable variation in a strain-dependent manner, which could be broadly assigned to 4 TLC groups. 25625033 2 66 theme layer 440:444 arg1 TLC 462:464 TLC 462:464 TLC 462:464 The monosaccharide composition of each EPS produced by L. delbrueckii strains, as determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), showed an appreciable variation in a strain-dependent manner, which could be broadly assigned to 4 TLC groups. 25625033 3 67 theme EPSs 626:629 arg1 Meanwhile 579:587 Meanwhile 579:587 Meanwhile 579:587 Meanwhile, the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system, which employed human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the basolateral side. 25625033 3 67 theme EPSs 626:629 arg1 properties 608:617 the immunological properties 590:617 the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains 590:667 Meanwhile, the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system, which employed human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the basolateral side. 25625033 1 68 theme immunological 161:173 arg1 properties 175:184 immunological properties 161:184 immunological properties of the extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) produced by different Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains as well as that of their monosaccharide composition 161:336 We investigated the variation in immunological properties of the extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) produced by different Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains as well as that of their monosaccharide composition. 25625033 3 69 theme basolateral 867:877 arg1 side 879:882 the basolateral side 863:882 the basolateral side 863:882 Meanwhile, the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system, which employed human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the basolateral side. 25625033 3 70 theme apical 811:816 arg1 side 818:821 the apical side 807:821 the apical side 807:821 Meanwhile, the immunological properties of the EPSs produced by 10 L. delbrueckii strains were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system, which employed human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells on the apical side and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the basolateral side. 25625033 0 71 theme polysaccharides 65:79 arg1 properties 37:46 immunological properties 23:46 immunological properties of extracellular polysaccharides 23:79 In vitro evaluation of immunological properties of extracellular polysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains. 25625033 7 72 from structure 1490:1498 arg1 EPSs 1417:1420 the EPSs 1413:1420 the EPSs of L. delbrueckii strains 1413:1446 The evidence suggests that the EPSs of L. delbrueckii strains are diverse not only in their biochemical structure but also in their immunological properties. 25625033 7 72 from structure 1490:1498 arg1 diverse 1452:1458 diverse 1452:1458 diverse 1452:1458 The evidence suggests that the EPSs of L. delbrueckii strains are diverse not only in their biochemical structure but also in their immunological properties. 25625033 0 73 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro evaluation of immunological properties of extracellular polysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains. 24488932 2 0 from seashore 150:157 arg1 Chuuk 177:181 Chuuk 177:181 Chuuk 177:181 Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. 24488932 2 0 from seashore 150:157 arg1 Micronesia 190:199 Micronesia 190:199 Micronesia 190:199 Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. 24488932 7 1 theme related 964:970 arg1 strains 972:978 the most closely related strains 947:978 the most closely related strains 947:978 The partial groEL sequence of strain GH2-4T was identical to that of strain GH2-5 and showed <85% similarity to those of the most closely related strains. 24488932 6 2 theme DSM 727:729 arg1 6307T 731:735 B. cohnii DSM 6307T 717:735 B. cohnii DSM 6307T 717:735 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 10 3 theme DNA-DNA 1301:1307 arg1 relatedness 1309:1319 DNA-DNA relatedness 1301:1319 DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolates and five related reference strains 1301:1375 The DNA G+C content was 36 mol%, and DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolates and five related reference strains was 20-24%. 24488932 2 4 theme mangrove 127:134 arg1 soil 136:139 mangrove soil 127:139 mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, 127:200 Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. 24488932 6 5 theme B. 717:718 arg1 6307T 731:735 B. cohnii DSM 6307T 717:735 B. cohnii DSM 6307T 717:735 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 2 6 theme polyphasic 230:239 arg1 approach 241:248 a polyphasic approach 228:248 a polyphasic approach 228:248 Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. 24488932 12 7 theme strains 1495:1501 arg1 iso-C15:0 1508:1516 iso-C15:0 1508:1516 iso-C15:0 1508:1516 The major cellular fatty acids of both strains were iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C14:0 and anteiso-C15:0 and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 24488932 12 7 theme strains 1495:1501 arg1 acids 1481:1485 The major cellular fatty acids 1456:1485 The major cellular fatty acids of both strains 1456:1501 The major cellular fatty acids of both strains were iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C14:0 and anteiso-C15:0 and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 24488932 6 8 dep B. 690:691 arg1 azotoformans 693:704 azotoformans 693:704 azotoformans 693:704 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 14 9 theme 18994T=DSM 1872:1881 arg1 27083T 1883:1888 =KCTC 33142T=JCM 18994T=DSM 27083T 1855:1888 =KCTC 33142T=JCM 18994T=DSM 27083T 1855:1888 nov. is proposed; the type strain is GH2-4T (=KCTC 33142T=JCM 18994T=DSM 27083T). 24488932 14 9 theme 18994T=DSM 1872:1881 arg1 GH2-4T 1847:1852 GH2-4T 1847:1852 GH2-4T (=KCTC 33142T=JCM 18994T=DSM 27083T) 1847:1889 nov. is proposed; the type strain is GH2-4T (=KCTC 33142T=JCM 18994T=DSM 27083T). 24488932 11 10 theme Strain 1389:1394 arg1 GH2-4T 1396:1401 Strain GH2-4T 1389:1401 Strain GH2-4T 1389:1401 Strain GH2-4T exhibited 81% DNA-DNA relatedness with strain GH2-5. 24488932 9 11 contain contained 1167:1175 arg1 peptidoglycan 1125:1137 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1111:1137 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 1111:1165 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose as a major sugar. 24488932 9 11 contain contained 1167:1175 arg2 acid 1197:1200 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1177:1200 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1177:1200 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose as a major sugar. 24488932 8 12 theme optimal 1011:1017 arg1 pH 1002:1003 pH 5-12 1002:1008 pH 5-12 (optimal growth at pH 9) 1002:1033 The isolates grew at pH 5-12 (optimal growth at pH 9), at 10-40 °C (optimum 30-35 °C) and at 0-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3% NaCl). 24488932 8 12 theme optimal 1011:1017 arg1 pH 1029:1030 optimal growth at pH 9 1011:1032 optimal growth at pH 9 1011:1032 The isolates grew at pH 5-12 (optimal growth at pH 9), at 10-40 °C (optimum 30-35 °C) and at 0-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3% NaCl). 24488932 12 13 theme major 1460:1464 arg1 iso-C15:0 1508:1516 iso-C15:0 1508:1516 iso-C15:0 1508:1516 The major cellular fatty acids of both strains were iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C14:0 and anteiso-C15:0 and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 24488932 12 13 theme major 1460:1464 arg1 acids 1481:1485 The major cellular fatty acids 1456:1485 The major cellular fatty acids of both strains 1456:1501 The major cellular fatty acids of both strains were iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C14:0 and anteiso-C15:0 and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 24488932 14 14 theme =KCTC 1855:1859 arg1 27083T 1883:1888 =KCTC 33142T=JCM 18994T=DSM 27083T 1855:1888 =KCTC 33142T=JCM 18994T=DSM 27083T 1855:1888 nov. is proposed; the type strain is GH2-4T (=KCTC 33142T=JCM 18994T=DSM 27083T). 24488932 14 14 theme =KCTC 1855:1859 arg1 GH2-4T 1847:1852 GH2-4T 1847:1852 GH2-4T (=KCTC 33142T=JCM 18994T=DSM 27083T) 1847:1889 nov. is proposed; the type strain is GH2-4T (=KCTC 33142T=JCM 18994T=DSM 27083T). 24488932 9 15 theme cell-wall 1206:1214 arg1 hydrolysates 1216:1227 cell-wall hydrolysates 1206:1227 cell-wall hydrolysates 1206:1227 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose as a major sugar. 24488932 8 16 theme at 1026:1027 arg1 pH 1002:1003 pH 5-12 1002:1008 pH 5-12 (optimal growth at pH 9) 1002:1033 The isolates grew at pH 5-12 (optimal growth at pH 9), at 10-40 °C (optimum 30-35 °C) and at 0-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3% NaCl). 24488932 8 16 theme at 1026:1027 arg1 pH 1029:1030 optimal growth at pH 9 1011:1032 optimal growth at pH 9 1011:1032 The isolates grew at pH 5-12 (optimal growth at pH 9), at 10-40 °C (optimum 30-35 °C) and at 0-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3% NaCl). 24488932 12 17 theme fatty 1475:1479 arg1 iso-C15:0 1508:1516 iso-C15:0 1508:1516 iso-C15:0 1508:1516 The major cellular fatty acids of both strains were iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C14:0 and anteiso-C15:0 and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 24488932 12 17 theme fatty 1475:1479 arg1 acids 1481:1485 The major cellular fatty acids 1456:1485 The major cellular fatty acids of both strains 1456:1501 The major cellular fatty acids of both strains were iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C14:0 and anteiso-C15:0 and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 24488932 7 18 theme % 922:922 arg1 similarity 924:933 <85% similarity 919:933 <85% similarity to those of the most closely related strains 919:978 The partial groEL sequence of strain GH2-4T was identical to that of strain GH2-5 and showed <85% similarity to those of the most closely related strains. 24488932 6 19 dep % 797:797 arg1 95.2 784:787 95.2 784:787 95.2 784:787 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 6 19 dep % 797:797 arg1 95.2 793:796 95.2 793:796 95.2 793:796 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 10 20 theme reference 1359:1367 arg1 strains 1369:1375 five related reference strains 1346:1375 five related reference strains 1346:1375 The DNA G+C content was 36 mol%, and DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolates and five related reference strains was 20-24%. 24488932 4 21 theme stringy 419:425 arg1 GH2-4T 454:459 GH2-4T 454:459 GH2-4T 454:459 Colonies were circular, convex, stringy and transparent yellowish (GH2-4T) or opaque whitish (GH2-5). 24488932 4 21 theme stringy 419:425 arg1 yellowish 443:451 circular, convex, stringy and transparent yellowish 401:451 circular, convex, stringy and transparent yellowish (GH2-4T) 401:460 Colonies were circular, convex, stringy and transparent yellowish (GH2-4T) or opaque whitish (GH2-5). 24488932 2 22 theme bacterial 71:79 arg1 GH2-5 101:105 GH2-5 101:105 GH2-5 101:105 Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. 24488932 2 22 theme bacterial 71:79 arg1 GH2-4T 90:95 GH2-4T 90:95 GH2-4T 90:95 Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. 24488932 2 22 theme bacterial 71:79 arg1 strains 81:87 Two novel bacterial strains 61:87 Two novel bacterial strains 61:87 Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. 24488932 13 23 theme Bacillus 1784:1791 arg1 sp 1806:1807 the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp 1775:1807 the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp 1775:1807 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 (=KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084) represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp. 24488932 7 24 theme GH2-4T 863:868 arg1 identical 874:882 identical 874:882 identical 874:882 The partial groEL sequence of strain GH2-4T was identical to that of strain GH2-5 and showed <85% similarity to those of the most closely related strains. 24488932 7 24 theme GH2-4T 863:868 arg1 sequence 844:851 The partial groEL sequence 826:851 The partial groEL sequence of strain GH2-4T 826:868 The partial groEL sequence of strain GH2-4T was identical to that of strain GH2-5 and showed <85% similarity to those of the most closely related strains. 24488932 9 25 theme major 1251:1255 arg1 sugar 1257:1261 a major sugar 1249:1261 a major sugar 1249:1261 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose as a major sugar. 24488932 9 25 theme major 1251:1255 arg1 ribose 1239:1244 ribose 1239:1244 ribose 1239:1244 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose as a major sugar. 24488932 8 26 theme % 1077:1077 arg1 NaCl 1104:1107 optimum 1-3% NaCl 1091:1107 optimum 1-3% NaCl 1091:1107 The isolates grew at pH 5-12 (optimal growth at pH 9), at 10-40 °C (optimum 30-35 °C) and at 0-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3% NaCl). 24488932 8 26 theme % 1077:1077 arg1 NaCl 1085:1088 0-9% (w/v) NaCl 1074:1088 0-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3% NaCl) 1074:1108 The isolates grew at pH 5-12 (optimal growth at pH 9), at 10-40 °C (optimum 30-35 °C) and at 0-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3% NaCl). 24488932 3 27 theme aerobic 281:287 arg1 rods 340:343 aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, motile, endospore-forming rods 281:343 aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, motile, endospore-forming rods that were catalase- and oxidase-positive 281:384 The two strains were strictly aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, motile, endospore-forming rods that were catalase- and oxidase-positive. 24488932 3 27 theme aerobic 281:287 arg1 strains 259:265 The two strains 251:265 The two strains 251:265 The two strains were strictly aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, motile, endospore-forming rods that were catalase- and oxidase-positive. 24488932 4 28 theme circular 401:408 arg1 GH2-4T 454:459 GH2-4T 454:459 GH2-4T 454:459 Colonies were circular, convex, stringy and transparent yellowish (GH2-4T) or opaque whitish (GH2-5). 24488932 4 28 theme circular 401:408 arg1 yellowish 443:451 circular, convex, stringy and transparent yellowish 401:451 circular, convex, stringy and transparent yellowish (GH2-4T) 401:460 Colonies were circular, convex, stringy and transparent yellowish (GH2-4T) or opaque whitish (GH2-5). 24488932 8 29 theme w/v 1080:1082 arg1 NaCl 1104:1107 optimum 1-3% NaCl 1091:1107 optimum 1-3% NaCl 1091:1107 The isolates grew at pH 5-12 (optimal growth at pH 9), at 10-40 °C (optimum 30-35 °C) and at 0-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3% NaCl). 24488932 8 29 theme w/v 1080:1082 arg1 NaCl 1085:1088 0-9% (w/v) NaCl 1074:1088 0-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3% NaCl) 1074:1108 The isolates grew at pH 5-12 (optimal growth at pH 9), at 10-40 °C (optimum 30-35 °C) and at 0-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3% NaCl). 24488932 7 30 theme groEL 838:842 arg1 identical 874:882 identical 874:882 identical 874:882 The partial groEL sequence of strain GH2-4T was identical to that of strain GH2-5 and showed <85% similarity to those of the most closely related strains. 24488932 7 30 theme groEL 838:842 arg1 sequence 844:851 The partial groEL sequence 826:851 The partial groEL sequence of strain GH2-4T 826:868 The partial groEL sequence of strain GH2-4T was identical to that of strain GH2-5 and showed <85% similarity to those of the most closely related strains. 24488932 5 31 theme isolates 528:535 arg1 sequences 507:515 The 16S rRNA gene sequences 489:515 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two isolates 489:535 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two isolates were identical. 24488932 5 31 theme isolates 528:535 arg1 identical 542:550 identical 542:550 identical 542:550 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two isolates were identical. 24488932 4 32 theme opaque 465:470 arg1 GH2-5 481:485 GH2-5 481:485 GH2-5 481:485 Colonies were circular, convex, stringy and transparent yellowish (GH2-4T) or opaque whitish (GH2-5). 24488932 4 32 theme opaque 465:470 arg1 whitish 472:478 opaque whitish 465:478 opaque whitish (GH2-5) 465:486 Colonies were circular, convex, stringy and transparent yellowish (GH2-4T) or opaque whitish (GH2-5). 24488932 13 33 theme =KCTC 1683:1687 arg1 18995=DSM 1699:1707 =KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084 1683:1713 =KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084 1683:1713 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 (=KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084) represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp. 24488932 13 33 theme =KCTC 1683:1687 arg1 strains 1657:1663 strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 1657:1680 strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 (=KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084) 1657:1714 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 (=KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084) represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp. 24488932 8 34 theme optimum 1091:1097 arg1 NaCl 1104:1107 optimum 1-3% NaCl 1091:1107 optimum 1-3% NaCl 1091:1107 The isolates grew at pH 5-12 (optimal growth at pH 9), at 10-40 °C (optimum 30-35 °C) and at 0-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3% NaCl). 24488932 8 34 theme optimum 1091:1097 arg1 NaCl 1085:1088 0-9% (w/v) NaCl 1074:1088 0-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3% NaCl) 1074:1108 The isolates grew at pH 5-12 (optimal growth at pH 9), at 10-40 °C (optimum 30-35 °C) and at 0-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3% NaCl). 24488932 4 35 theme transparent 431:441 arg1 GH2-4T 454:459 GH2-4T 454:459 GH2-4T 454:459 Colonies were circular, convex, stringy and transparent yellowish (GH2-4T) or opaque whitish (GH2-5). 24488932 4 35 theme transparent 431:441 arg1 yellowish 443:451 circular, convex, stringy and transparent yellowish 401:451 circular, convex, stringy and transparent yellowish (GH2-4T) 401:460 Colonies were circular, convex, stringy and transparent yellowish (GH2-4T) or opaque whitish (GH2-5). 24488932 8 36 theme % 1102:1102 arg1 NaCl 1104:1107 optimum 1-3% NaCl 1091:1107 optimum 1-3% NaCl 1091:1107 The isolates grew at pH 5-12 (optimal growth at pH 9), at 10-40 °C (optimum 30-35 °C) and at 0-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3% NaCl). 24488932 8 36 theme % 1102:1102 arg1 NaCl 1085:1088 0-9% (w/v) NaCl 1074:1088 0-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3% NaCl) 1074:1108 The isolates grew at pH 5-12 (optimal growth at pH 9), at 10-40 °C (optimum 30-35 °C) and at 0-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3% NaCl). 24488932 6 37 theme Bacillus 637:644 arg1 4582T 657:661 Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T 637:661 Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T 637:661 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 6 37 theme Bacillus 637:644 arg1 strains 578:584 The most closely related strains 553:584 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 553:630 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 13 38 theme Bacillus 1755:1762 arg1 species 1734:1740 a novel species 1726:1740 a novel species 1726:1740 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 (=KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084) represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp. 24488932 14 39 theme type 1832:1835 arg1 strain 1837:1842 the type strain 1828:1842 the type strain 1828:1842 nov. is proposed; the type strain is GH2-4T (=KCTC 33142T=JCM 18994T=DSM 27083T). 24488932 14 39 theme type 1832:1835 arg1 GH2-4T 1847:1852 GH2-4T 1847:1852 GH2-4T (=KCTC 33142T=JCM 18994T=DSM 27083T) 1847:1889 nov. is proposed; the type strain is GH2-4T (=KCTC 33142T=JCM 18994T=DSM 27083T). 24488932 9 40 contain contained 1229:1237 arg2 ribose 1239:1244 ribose 1239:1244 ribose 1239:1244 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose as a major sugar. 24488932 9 40 contain contained 1229:1237 arg1 hydrolysates 1216:1227 cell-wall hydrolysates 1206:1227 cell-wall hydrolysates 1206:1227 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose as a major sugar. 24488932 9 40 contain contained 1229:1237 arg2 sugar 1257:1261 a major sugar 1249:1261 a major sugar 1249:1261 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose as a major sugar. 24488932 6 41 theme similarity 621:630 arg1 terms 589:593 terms 589:593 terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 589:630 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 0 42 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 22:23 Bacillus solimangrovi sp 0:23 Bacillus solimangrovi sp. 0:24 Bacillus solimangrovi sp. 24488932 13 43 from study 1650:1654 arg1 evidence 1620:1627 the evidence 1616:1627 the evidence from this polyphasic study 1616:1654 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 (=KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084) represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp. 24488932 6 44 dep Bacillus 637:644 arg1 kochii 646:651 kochii 646:651 kochii 646:651 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 6 45 theme gene 607:610 arg1 similarity 621:630 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 598:630 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 598:630 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 6 46 dep B. 741:742 arg1 halmapalus 744:753 halmapalus 744:753 halmapalus 744:753 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 3 47 dep aerobic 281:287 arg1 endospore-forming 322:338 endospore-forming 322:338 endospore-forming 322:338 The two strains were strictly aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, motile, endospore-forming rods that were catalase- and oxidase-positive. 24488932 3 47 dep aerobic 281:287 arg1 motile 314:319 motile 314:319 motile 314:319 The two strains were strictly aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, motile, endospore-forming rods that were catalase- and oxidase-positive. 24488932 3 47 dep aerobic 281:287 arg1 Gram-staining-positive 290:311 Gram-staining-positive 290:311 Gram-staining-positive 290:311 The two strains were strictly aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, motile, endospore-forming rods that were catalase- and oxidase-positive. 24488932 5 48 theme rRNA 497:500 arg1 sequences 507:515 The 16S rRNA gene sequences 489:515 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two isolates 489:535 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two isolates were identical. 24488932 5 48 theme rRNA 497:500 arg1 identical 542:550 identical 542:550 identical 542:550 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two isolates were identical. 24488932 6 49 theme 16S 598:600 arg1 similarity 621:630 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 598:630 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 598:630 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 11 50 theme DNA-DNA 1417:1423 arg1 relatedness 1425:1435 81% DNA-DNA relatedness 1413:1435 81% DNA-DNA relatedness 1413:1435 Strain GH2-4T exhibited 81% DNA-DNA relatedness with strain GH2-5. 24488932 13 51 theme novel 1728:1732 arg1 species 1734:1740 a novel species 1726:1740 a novel species 1726:1740 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 (=KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084) represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp. 24488932 6 52 dep 4582T 657:661 arg1 similarity 799:808 95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity 766:808 95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity 766:808 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 10 53 theme DNA 1268:1270 arg1 % 1294:1294 36 mol% 1288:1294 36 mol% 1288:1294 The DNA G+C content was 36 mol%, and DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolates and five related reference strains was 20-24%. 24488932 10 53 theme DNA 1268:1270 arg1 content 1276:1282 The DNA G+C content 1264:1282 The DNA G+C content 1264:1282 The DNA G+C content was 36 mol%, and DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolates and five related reference strains was 20-24%. 24488932 2 54 theme island 167:172 arg1 seashore 150:157 the seashore 146:157 the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, 146:200 Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. 24488932 9 55 theme cell-wall 1115:1123 arg1 peptidoglycan 1125:1137 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1111:1137 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 1111:1165 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose as a major sugar. 24488932 2 56 attach isolated 113:120 arg2 GH2-4T 90:95 GH2-4T 90:95 GH2-4T 90:95 Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. 24488932 2 56 attach isolated 113:120 arg1 soil 136:139 mangrove soil 127:139 mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, 127:200 Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. 24488932 2 56 attach isolated 113:120 arg2 strains 81:87 Two novel bacterial strains 61:87 Two novel bacterial strains 61:87 Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. 24488932 2 56 attach isolated 113:120 arg2 GH2-5 101:105 GH2-5 101:105 GH2-5 101:105 Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. 24488932 6 57 dep B. 664:665 arg1 horneckiae 667:676 horneckiae 667:676 horneckiae 667:676 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 6 58 theme WCC 653:655 arg1 4582T 657:661 Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T 637:661 Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T 637:661 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 6 58 theme WCC 653:655 arg1 strains 578:584 The most closely related strains 553:584 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 553:630 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 13 59 dep evidence 1620:1627 arg1 basis 1607:1611 basis 1607:1611 basis 1607:1611 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 (=KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084) represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp. 24488932 13 59 dep evidence 1620:1627 arg1 the 1603:1605 the 1603:1605 the 1603:1605 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 (=KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084) represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp. 24488932 11 60 theme 81 1413:1414 arg1 % 1415:1415 % 1415:1415 % 1415:1415 Strain GH2-4T exhibited 81% DNA-DNA relatedness with strain GH2-5. 24488932 13 61 theme 33143=JCM 1689:1697 arg1 18995=DSM 1699:1707 =KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084 1683:1713 =KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084 1683:1713 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 (=KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084) represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp. 24488932 13 61 theme 33143=JCM 1689:1697 arg1 strains 1657:1663 strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 1657:1680 strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 (=KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084) 1657:1714 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 (=KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084) represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp. 24488932 9 62 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1177:1195 arg1 acid 1197:1200 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1177:1200 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1177:1200 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose as a major sugar. 24488932 2 63 from island 167:172 arg1 Chuuk 177:181 Chuuk 177:181 Chuuk 177:181 Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. 24488932 2 63 from island 167:172 arg1 Micronesia 190:199 Micronesia 190:199 Micronesia 190:199 Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. 24488932 12 64 theme cellular 1466:1473 arg1 iso-C15:0 1508:1516 iso-C15:0 1508:1516 iso-C15:0 1508:1516 The major cellular fatty acids of both strains were iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C14:0 and anteiso-C15:0 and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 24488932 12 64 theme cellular 1466:1473 arg1 acids 1481:1485 The major cellular fatty acids 1456:1485 The major cellular fatty acids of both strains 1456:1501 The major cellular fatty acids of both strains were iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C14:0 and anteiso-C15:0 and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 24488932 14 65 theme 33142T=JCM 1861:1870 arg1 27083T 1883:1888 =KCTC 33142T=JCM 18994T=DSM 27083T 1855:1888 =KCTC 33142T=JCM 18994T=DSM 27083T 1855:1888 nov. is proposed; the type strain is GH2-4T (=KCTC 33142T=JCM 18994T=DSM 27083T). 24488932 14 65 theme 33142T=JCM 1861:1870 arg1 GH2-4T 1847:1852 GH2-4T 1847:1852 GH2-4T (=KCTC 33142T=JCM 18994T=DSM 27083T) 1847:1889 nov. is proposed; the type strain is GH2-4T (=KCTC 33142T=JCM 18994T=DSM 27083T). 24488932 6 66 theme LMG 706:708 arg1 9581T 710:714 B. azotoformans LMG 9581T 690:714 B. azotoformans LMG 9581T 690:714 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 6 67 dep B. 717:718 arg1 cohnii 720:725 cohnii 720:725 cohnii 720:725 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 7 68 theme <85 919:921 arg1 % 922:922 % 922:922 % 922:922 The partial groEL sequence of strain GH2-4T was identical to that of strain GH2-5 and showed <85% similarity to those of the most closely related strains. 24488932 6 69 theme B. 690:691 arg1 9581T 710:714 B. azotoformans LMG 9581T 690:714 B. azotoformans LMG 9581T 690:714 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 8 70 theme growth 1019:1024 arg1 pH 1002:1003 pH 5-12 1002:1008 pH 5-12 (optimal growth at pH 9) 1002:1033 The isolates grew at pH 5-12 (optimal growth at pH 9), at 10-40 °C (optimum 30-35 °C) and at 0-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3% NaCl). 24488932 8 70 theme growth 1019:1024 arg1 pH 1029:1030 optimal growth at pH 9 1011:1032 optimal growth at pH 9 1011:1032 The isolates grew at pH 5-12 (optimal growth at pH 9), at 10-40 °C (optimum 30-35 °C) and at 0-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3% NaCl). 24488932 6 71 dep similarity 799:808 arg1 % 797:797 % 797:797 % 797:797 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 8 72 theme optimum 1049:1055 arg1 °C 1045:1046 10-40 °C 1039:1046 10-40 °C (optimum 30-35 °C) 1039:1065 The isolates grew at pH 5-12 (optimal growth at pH 9), at 10-40 °C (optimum 30-35 °C) and at 0-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3% NaCl). 24488932 8 72 theme optimum 1049:1055 arg1 °C 1063:1064 optimum 30-35 °C 1049:1064 optimum 30-35 °C 1049:1064 The isolates grew at pH 5-12 (optimal growth at pH 9), at 10-40 °C (optimum 30-35 °C) and at 0-9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3% NaCl). 24488932 6 73 from strains 578:584 arg1 terms 589:593 terms 589:593 terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 589:630 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 10 74 theme related 1351:1357 arg1 strains 1369:1375 five related reference strains 1346:1375 five related reference strains 1346:1375 The DNA G+C content was 36 mol%, and DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolates and five related reference strains was 20-24%. 24488932 5 75 theme 16S 493:495 arg1 sequences 507:515 The 16S rRNA gene sequences 489:515 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two isolates 489:535 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two isolates were identical. 24488932 5 75 theme 16S 493:495 arg1 identical 542:550 identical 542:550 identical 542:550 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two isolates were identical. 24488932 2 76 theme novel 65:69 arg1 GH2-5 101:105 GH2-5 101:105 GH2-5 101:105 Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. 24488932 2 76 theme novel 65:69 arg1 GH2-4T 90:95 GH2-4T 90:95 GH2-4T 90:95 Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. 24488932 2 76 theme novel 65:69 arg1 strains 81:87 Two novel bacterial strains 61:87 Two novel bacterial strains 61:87 Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. 24488932 13 77 theme solimangrovi 1793:1804 arg1 sp 1806:1807 the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp 1775:1807 the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp 1775:1807 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 (=KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084) represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp. 24488932 5 78 theme gene 502:505 arg1 sequences 507:515 The 16S rRNA gene sequences 489:515 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two isolates 489:535 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two isolates were identical. 24488932 5 78 theme gene 502:505 arg1 identical 542:550 identical 542:550 identical 542:550 The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two isolates were identical. 24488932 13 79 theme polyphasic 1639:1648 arg1 study 1650:1654 this polyphasic study 1634:1654 this polyphasic study 1634:1654 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 (=KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084) represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp. 24488932 7 80 theme strain 856:861 arg1 GH2-4T 863:868 strain GH2-4T 856:868 strain GH2-4T 856:868 The partial groEL sequence of strain GH2-4T was identical to that of strain GH2-5 and showed <85% similarity to those of the most closely related strains. 24488932 6 81 theme related 570:576 arg1 4582T 657:661 Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T 637:661 Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T 637:661 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 6 81 theme related 570:576 arg1 strains 578:584 The most closely related strains 553:584 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 553:630 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 13 82 theme name 1779:1782 arg1 sp 1806:1807 the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp 1775:1807 the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp 1775:1807 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 (=KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084) represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp. 24488932 7 83 theme partial 830:836 arg1 identical 874:882 identical 874:882 identical 874:882 The partial groEL sequence of strain GH2-4T was identical to that of strain GH2-5 and showed <85% similarity to those of the most closely related strains. 24488932 7 83 theme partial 830:836 arg1 sequence 844:851 The partial groEL sequence 826:851 The partial groEL sequence of strain GH2-4T 826:868 The partial groEL sequence of strain GH2-4T was identical to that of strain GH2-5 and showed <85% similarity to those of the most closely related strains. 24488932 1 84 theme mangrove 46:53 arg1 soil 55:58 mangrove soil 46:58 mangrove soil 46:58 nov., isolated from mangrove soil. 24488932 13 85 dep strains 1657:1663 arg1 GH2-4T 1665:1670 GH2-4T 1665:1670 GH2-4T 1665:1670 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 (=KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084) represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp. 24488932 13 85 dep strains 1657:1663 arg1 strains 1657:1663 strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 1657:1680 strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 (=KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084) 1657:1714 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 (=KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084) represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp. 24488932 13 85 dep strains 1657:1663 arg1 GH2-5 1676:1680 GH2-5 1676:1680 GH2-5 1676:1680 On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 (=KCTC 33143=JCM 18995=DSM 27084) represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp. 24488932 2 86 dep Chuuk 177:181 arg1 state 183:187 state 183:187 Chuuk state 177:187 Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. 24488932 2 87 from Chuuk 177:181 arg1 seashore 150:157 the seashore 146:157 the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, 146:200 Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. 24488932 0 88 theme solimangrovi 9:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Bacillus solimangrovi sp 0:23 Bacillus solimangrovi sp. 0:24 Bacillus solimangrovi sp. 24488932 6 89 theme sequence 612:619 arg1 similarity 621:630 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 598:630 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 598:630 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 4 90 theme convex 411:416 arg1 GH2-4T 454:459 GH2-4T 454:459 GH2-4T 454:459 Colonies were circular, convex, stringy and transparent yellowish (GH2-4T) or opaque whitish (GH2-5). 24488932 4 90 theme convex 411:416 arg1 yellowish 443:451 circular, convex, stringy and transparent yellowish 401:451 circular, convex, stringy and transparent yellowish (GH2-4T) 401:460 Colonies were circular, convex, stringy and transparent yellowish (GH2-4T) or opaque whitish (GH2-5). 24488932 6 91 theme rRNA 602:605 arg1 similarity 621:630 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 598:630 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 598:630 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 11 92 theme % 1415:1415 arg1 relatedness 1425:1435 81% DNA-DNA relatedness 1413:1435 81% DNA-DNA relatedness 1413:1435 Strain GH2-4T exhibited 81% DNA-DNA relatedness with strain GH2-5. 24488932 12 93 theme predominant 1566:1576 arg1 menaquinone 1578:1588 the predominant menaquinone 1562:1588 the predominant menaquinone 1562:1588 The major cellular fatty acids of both strains were iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C14:0 and anteiso-C15:0 and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 24488932 12 93 theme predominant 1566:1576 arg1 MK-7 1594:1597 MK-7 1594:1597 MK-7 1594:1597 The major cellular fatty acids of both strains were iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C14:0 and anteiso-C15:0 and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. 24488932 6 94 theme DSM 755:757 arg1 8723T 759:763 B. halmapalus DSM 8723T 741:763 B. halmapalus DSM 8723T 741:763 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 10 95 theme G+C 1272:1274 arg1 % 1294:1294 36 mol% 1288:1294 36 mol% 1288:1294 The DNA G+C content was 36 mol%, and DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolates and five related reference strains was 20-24%. 24488932 10 95 theme G+C 1272:1274 arg1 content 1276:1282 The DNA G+C content 1264:1282 The DNA G+C content 1264:1282 The DNA G+C content was 36 mol%, and DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolates and five related reference strains was 20-24%. 24488932 6 96 theme DSM 678:680 arg1 23495T 682:687 B. horneckiae DSM 23495T 664:687 B. horneckiae DSM 23495T 664:687 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 6 97 theme B. 741:742 arg1 8723T 759:763 B. halmapalus DSM 8723T 741:763 B. halmapalus DSM 8723T 741:763 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 2 98 theme Weno 162:165 arg1 island 167:172 Weno island 162:172 Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, 162:200 Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. 24488932 6 99 theme B. 664:665 arg1 23495T 682:687 B. horneckiae DSM 23495T 664:687 B. horneckiae DSM 23495T 664:687 The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2% similarity, respectively). 24488932 9 100 dep strains 1142:1148 arg1 strains 1142:1148 strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 1142:1165 strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 1142:1165 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose as a major sugar. 24488932 9 100 dep strains 1142:1148 arg1 GH2-5 1161:1165 GH2-5 1161:1165 GH2-5 1161:1165 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose as a major sugar. 24488932 9 100 dep strains 1142:1148 arg1 GH2-4T 1150:1155 GH2-4T 1150:1155 GH2-4T 1150:1155 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose as a major sugar. 24488932 10 101 theme mol 1291:1293 arg1 % 1294:1294 36 mol% 1288:1294 36 mol% 1288:1294 The DNA G+C content was 36 mol%, and DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolates and five related reference strains was 20-24%. 24488932 10 101 theme mol 1291:1293 arg1 content 1276:1282 The DNA G+C content 1264:1282 The DNA G+C content 1264:1282 The DNA G+C content was 36 mol%, and DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolates and five related reference strains was 20-24%. 24488932 9 102 theme strains 1142:1148 arg1 peptidoglycan 1125:1137 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1111:1137 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 1111:1165 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose as a major sugar. 24325458 6 0 theme oxygen 1207:1212 arg1 species 1214:1220 reactive oxygen species 1198:1220 reactive oxygen species formation 1198:1230 All examined medicinal plants reduced the cell viability and reactive oxygen species formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. 24325458 4 1 theme polyphenols 842:852 arg1 capacity 870:877 antioxidant capacity 858:877 antioxidant capacity 858:877 The overall highest content of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity was determined in hawthorn, followed by yarrow and ground ivy, and the lowest in olive leaves extract. 24325458 4 1 theme polyphenols 842:852 arg1 content 831:837 The overall highest content 811:837 The overall highest content of polyphenols 811:852 The overall highest content of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity was determined in hawthorn, followed by yarrow and ground ivy, and the lowest in olive leaves extract. 24325458 1 2 from composition 175:185 arg1 HEp2 440:443 HEp2 440:443 HEp2 440:443 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 1 2 from composition 175:185 arg1 line 434:437 human laryngeal carcinoma cell line 403:437 human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) 403:444 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 8 3 theme composition 1501:1511 arg1 importance 1474:1483 the importance 1470:1483 the importance of polyphenolic composition rather than content of investigated plants 1470:1554 Experiments confirmed the importance of polyphenolic composition rather than content of investigated plants and revealed a relationship between the polyphenolic and polysaccharide contents and antioxidant/prooxidant characters of medicinal plants. 24325458 0 4 theme evaluation 89:98 arg1 attributes 14:23 Phytochemical attributes 0:23 Phytochemical attributes of four conventionally extracted medicinal plants and cytotoxic evaluation of their extracts on human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells. 0:159 Phytochemical attributes of four conventionally extracted medicinal plants and cytotoxic evaluation of their extracts on human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells. 24325458 0 5 from attributes 14:23 arg1 cells 154:158 human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells 121:158 human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells 121:158 Phytochemical attributes of four conventionally extracted medicinal plants and cytotoxic evaluation of their extracts on human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells. 24325458 5 6 theme acids 1040:1044 arg1 compounds 1078:1086 the most abundant bioactive compounds 1050:1086 the most abundant bioactive compounds 1050:1086 Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic acids, as the most abundant bioactive compounds, followed by flavonoids, flavons, and flavonols. 24325458 5 6 theme acids 1040:1044 arg1 presence 1019:1026 the presence 1015:1026 the presence of phenolic acids 1015:1044 Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic acids, as the most abundant bioactive compounds, followed by flavonoids, flavons, and flavonols. 24325458 0 7 theme extracts 109:116 arg1 evaluation 89:98 cytotoxic evaluation 79:98 cytotoxic evaluation of their extracts 79:116 Phytochemical attributes of four conventionally extracted medicinal plants and cytotoxic evaluation of their extracts on human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells. 24325458 0 7 theme extracts 109:116 arg1 plants 68:73 four conventionally extracted medicinal plants 28:73 four conventionally extracted medicinal plants 28:73 Phytochemical attributes of four conventionally extracted medicinal plants and cytotoxic evaluation of their extracts on human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells. 24325458 4 8 theme antioxidant 858:868 arg1 capacity 870:877 antioxidant capacity 858:877 antioxidant capacity 858:877 The overall highest content of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity was determined in hawthorn, followed by yarrow and ground ivy, and the lowest in olive leaves extract. 24325458 2 9 theme antioxidant 596:606 arg1 capacity 608:615 antioxidant capacity 596:615 antioxidant capacity 596:615 Water extracts of these plants obtained by infusion, maceration, and decoction were characterized for their polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity. 24325458 6 10 theme examined 1141:1148 arg1 plants 1160:1165 All examined medicinal plants 1137:1165 All examined medicinal plants 1137:1165 All examined medicinal plants reduced the cell viability and reactive oxygen species formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. 24325458 8 11 theme antioxidant/prooxidant 1641:1662 arg1 characters 1664:1673 antioxidant/prooxidant characters 1641:1673 antioxidant/prooxidant characters 1641:1673 Experiments confirmed the importance of polyphenolic composition rather than content of investigated plants and revealed a relationship between the polyphenolic and polysaccharide contents and antioxidant/prooxidant characters of medicinal plants. 24325458 7 12 theme olive 1423:1427 arg1 leaf 1429:1432 olive leaf 1423:1432 olive leaf 1423:1432 Ground ivy and yarrow containing a high content of phenolic acids and polysaccharides were more efficient to decrease the cell survival when compared to olive leaf and hawthorn. 24325458 1 13 theme human 403:407 arg1 HEp2 440:443 HEp2 440:443 HEp2 440:443 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 1 13 theme human 403:407 arg1 line 434:437 human laryngeal carcinoma cell line 403:437 human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) 403:444 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 3 14 theme final 673:677 arg1 extracts 679:686 the final extracts 669:686 the final extracts 669:686 Based on the extraction efficiency of polyphenols, the final extracts were obtained whose polyphenolic profile, polysaccharides, mineral content, and cytoprotective activities were determined. 24325458 1 15 dep Olea 383:386 arg1 L. 396:397 Olea europea L. 383:397 Olea europea L. 383:397 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 0 16 theme human 121:125 arg1 HEp2 148:151 HEp2 148:151 HEp2 148:151 Phytochemical attributes of four conventionally extracted medicinal plants and cytotoxic evaluation of their extracts on human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells. 24325458 0 16 theme human 121:125 arg1 carcinoma 137:145 human laryngeal carcinoma 121:145 human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells 121:158 Phytochemical attributes of four conventionally extracted medicinal plants and cytotoxic evaluation of their extracts on human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells. 24325458 5 17 theme abundant 1059:1066 arg1 compounds 1078:1086 the most abundant bioactive compounds 1050:1086 the most abundant bioactive compounds 1050:1086 Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic acids, as the most abundant bioactive compounds, followed by flavonoids, flavons, and flavonols. 24325458 5 17 theme abundant 1059:1066 arg1 presence 1019:1026 the presence 1015:1026 the presence of phenolic acids 1015:1044 Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic acids, as the most abundant bioactive compounds, followed by flavonoids, flavons, and flavonols. 24325458 4 18 theme overall 815:821 arg1 content 831:837 The overall highest content 811:837 The overall highest content of polyphenols 811:852 The overall highest content of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity was determined in hawthorn, followed by yarrow and ground ivy, and the lowest in olive leaves extract. 24325458 1 19 theme laryngeal 409:417 arg1 HEp2 440:443 HEp2 440:443 HEp2 440:443 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 1 19 theme laryngeal 409:417 arg1 line 434:437 human laryngeal carcinoma cell line 403:437 human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) 403:444 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 6 20 theme time-dependent 1247:1260 arg1 manner 1262:1267 a dose- and time-dependent manner 1235:1267 a dose- and time-dependent manner 1235:1267 All examined medicinal plants reduced the cell viability and reactive oxygen species formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. 24325458 1 21 theme bioactive 165:173 arg1 composition 175:185 The bioactive composition 161:185 The bioactive composition 161:185 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 4 22 theme ground 930:935 arg1 ivy 937:939 ground ivy 930:939 ground ivy 930:939 The overall highest content of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity was determined in hawthorn, followed by yarrow and ground ivy, and the lowest in olive leaves extract. 24325458 5 23 theme bioactive 1068:1076 arg1 compounds 1078:1086 the most abundant bioactive compounds 1050:1086 the most abundant bioactive compounds 1050:1086 Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic acids, as the most abundant bioactive compounds, followed by flavonoids, flavons, and flavonols. 24325458 5 23 theme bioactive 1068:1076 arg1 presence 1019:1026 the presence 1015:1026 the presence of phenolic acids 1015:1044 Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic acids, as the most abundant bioactive compounds, followed by flavonoids, flavons, and flavonols. 24325458 2 24 theme polyphenol 573:582 arg1 content 584:590 their polyphenol content 567:590 their polyphenol content 567:590 Water extracts of these plants obtained by infusion, maceration, and decoction were characterized for their polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity. 24325458 1 25 theme carcinoma 419:427 arg1 HEp2 440:443 HEp2 440:443 HEp2 440:443 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 1 25 theme carcinoma 419:427 arg1 line 434:437 human laryngeal carcinoma cell line 403:437 human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) 403:444 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 0 26 theme Phytochemical 0:12 arg1 attributes 14:23 Phytochemical attributes 0:23 Phytochemical attributes of four conventionally extracted medicinal plants and cytotoxic evaluation of their extracts on human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells. 0:159 Phytochemical attributes of four conventionally extracted medicinal plants and cytotoxic evaluation of their extracts on human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells. 24325458 2 27 theme Water 465:469 arg1 extracts 471:478 Water extracts 465:478 Water extracts of these plants obtained by infusion, maceration, and decoction 465:542 Water extracts of these plants obtained by infusion, maceration, and decoction were characterized for their polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity. 24325458 1 28 dep Crataegus 310:318 arg1 L. 331:332 Crataegus oxyacantha L. 310:332 Crataegus oxyacantha L. 310:332 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 6 29 theme species 1214:1220 arg1 formation 1222:1230 reactive oxygen species formation 1198:1230 reactive oxygen species formation 1198:1230 All examined medicinal plants reduced the cell viability and reactive oxygen species formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. 24325458 1 30 theme cell 429:432 arg1 HEp2 440:443 HEp2 440:443 HEp2 440:443 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 1 30 theme cell 429:432 arg1 line 434:437 human laryngeal carcinoma cell line 403:437 human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) 403:444 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 8 31 theme polyphenolic 1488:1499 arg1 composition 1501:1511 polyphenolic composition 1488:1511 polyphenolic composition rather than content 1488:1531 Experiments confirmed the importance of polyphenolic composition rather than content of investigated plants and revealed a relationship between the polyphenolic and polysaccharide contents and antioxidant/prooxidant characters of medicinal plants. 24325458 1 32 theme ground 336:341 arg1 plants 258:263 four medicinal plants 243:263 four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) 243:398 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 1 32 theme ground 336:341 arg1 Glechoma 348:355 Glechoma 348:355 Glechoma 348:355 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 1 32 theme ground 336:341 arg1 ivy 343:345 ground ivy 336:345 ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.) 336:369 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 3 33 theme polyphenolic 708:719 arg1 polysaccharides 730:744 polysaccharides 730:744 polysaccharides 730:744 Based on the extraction efficiency of polyphenols, the final extracts were obtained whose polyphenolic profile, polysaccharides, mineral content, and cytoprotective activities were determined. 24325458 3 33 theme polyphenolic 708:719 arg1 content 755:761 mineral content 747:761 mineral content 747:761 Based on the extraction efficiency of polyphenols, the final extracts were obtained whose polyphenolic profile, polysaccharides, mineral content, and cytoprotective activities were determined. 24325458 3 33 theme polyphenolic 708:719 arg1 profile 721:727 profile 721:727 profile 721:727 Based on the extraction efficiency of polyphenols, the final extracts were obtained whose polyphenolic profile, polysaccharides, mineral content, and cytoprotective activities were determined. 24325458 3 33 theme polyphenolic 708:719 arg1 activities 783:792 cytoprotective activities 768:792 cytoprotective activities 768:792 Based on the extraction efficiency of polyphenols, the final extracts were obtained whose polyphenolic profile, polysaccharides, mineral content, and cytoprotective activities were determined. 24325458 4 34 theme highest 823:829 arg1 content 831:837 The overall highest content 811:837 The overall highest content of polyphenols 811:852 The overall highest content of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity was determined in hawthorn, followed by yarrow and ground ivy, and the lowest in olive leaves extract. 24325458 1 35 theme cytotoxic 191:199 arg1 effects 232:238 cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects 191:238 cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) 191:444 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 8 36 theme content 1525:1531 arg1 importance 1474:1483 the importance 1470:1483 the importance of polyphenolic composition rather than content of investigated plants 1470:1554 Experiments confirmed the importance of polyphenolic composition rather than content of investigated plants and revealed a relationship between the polyphenolic and polysaccharide contents and antioxidant/prooxidant characters of medicinal plants. 24325458 0 37 theme carcinoma 137:145 arg1 cells 154:158 human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells 121:158 human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells 121:158 Phytochemical attributes of four conventionally extracted medicinal plants and cytotoxic evaluation of their extracts on human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells. 24325458 7 38 theme polysaccharides 1340:1354 arg1 content 1310:1316 a high content 1303:1316 a high content of phenolic acids and polysaccharides 1303:1354 Ground ivy and yarrow containing a high content of phenolic acids and polysaccharides were more efficient to decrease the cell survival when compared to olive leaf and hawthorn. 24325458 7 39 theme Ground 1270:1275 arg1 ivy 1277:1279 Ground ivy 1270:1279 Ground ivy 1270:1279 Ground ivy and yarrow containing a high content of phenolic acids and polysaccharides were more efficient to decrease the cell survival when compared to olive leaf and hawthorn. 24325458 8 40 theme plants 1549:1554 arg1 importance 1474:1483 the importance 1470:1483 the importance of polyphenolic composition rather than content of investigated plants 1470:1554 Experiments confirmed the importance of polyphenolic composition rather than content of investigated plants and revealed a relationship between the polyphenolic and polysaccharide contents and antioxidant/prooxidant characters of medicinal plants. 24325458 0 41 theme laryngeal 127:135 arg1 HEp2 148:151 HEp2 148:151 HEp2 148:151 Phytochemical attributes of four conventionally extracted medicinal plants and cytotoxic evaluation of their extracts on human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells. 24325458 0 41 theme laryngeal 127:135 arg1 carcinoma 137:145 human laryngeal carcinoma 121:145 human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells 121:158 Phytochemical attributes of four conventionally extracted medicinal plants and cytotoxic evaluation of their extracts on human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells. 24325458 1 42 dep plants 258:263 arg1 Crataegus 310:318 Crataegus 310:318 Crataegus 310:318 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 1 42 dep plants 258:263 arg1 olive 376:380 olive 376:380 olive (Olea europea L.) 376:398 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 1 42 dep plants 258:263 arg1 plants 258:263 four medicinal plants 243:263 four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) 243:398 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 1 42 dep plants 258:263 arg1 Glechoma 348:355 Glechoma 348:355 Glechoma 348:355 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 1 42 dep plants 258:263 arg1 Olea 383:386 Olea 383:386 Olea 383:386 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 1 42 dep plants 258:263 arg1 hawthorn 300:307 hawthorn 300:307 hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.) 300:333 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 1 42 dep plants 258:263 arg1 yarrow 266:271 yarrow 266:271 yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) 266:297 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 1 42 dep plants 258:263 arg1 ivy 343:345 ground ivy 336:345 ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.) 336:369 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 1 42 dep plants 258:263 arg1 Achillea 274:281 Achillea 274:281 Achillea 274:281 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 1 43 theme antioxidative/prooxidative 205:230 arg1 effects 232:238 cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects 191:238 cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) 191:444 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 0 44 theme extracted 48:56 arg1 plants 68:73 four conventionally extracted medicinal plants 28:73 four conventionally extracted medicinal plants 28:73 Phytochemical attributes of four conventionally extracted medicinal plants and cytotoxic evaluation of their extracts on human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells. 24325458 8 45 theme investigated 1536:1547 arg1 plants 1549:1554 investigated plants 1536:1554 investigated plants 1536:1554 Experiments confirmed the importance of polyphenolic composition rather than content of investigated plants and revealed a relationship between the polyphenolic and polysaccharide contents and antioxidant/prooxidant characters of medicinal plants. 24325458 2 46 theme plants 489:494 arg1 extracts 471:478 Water extracts 465:478 Water extracts of these plants obtained by infusion, maceration, and decoction 465:542 Water extracts of these plants obtained by infusion, maceration, and decoction were characterized for their polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity. 24325458 6 47 theme reactive 1198:1205 arg1 species 1214:1220 reactive oxygen species 1198:1220 reactive oxygen species formation 1198:1230 All examined medicinal plants reduced the cell viability and reactive oxygen species formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. 24325458 8 48 theme polysaccharide 1613:1626 arg1 contents 1628:1635 the polyphenolic and polysaccharide contents 1592:1635 contents 1628:1635 Experiments confirmed the importance of polyphenolic composition rather than content of investigated plants and revealed a relationship between the polyphenolic and polysaccharide contents and antioxidant/prooxidant characters of medicinal plants. 24325458 5 49 theme Phytochemical 982:994 arg1 screening 996:1004 Phytochemical screening 982:1004 Phytochemical screening 982:1004 Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic acids, as the most abundant bioactive compounds, followed by flavonoids, flavons, and flavonols. 24325458 1 50 from effects 232:238 arg1 HEp2 440:443 HEp2 440:443 HEp2 440:443 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 1 50 from effects 232:238 arg1 line 434:437 human laryngeal carcinoma cell line 403:437 human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) 403:444 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 0 51 theme plants 68:73 arg1 attributes 14:23 Phytochemical attributes 0:23 Phytochemical attributes of four conventionally extracted medicinal plants and cytotoxic evaluation of their extracts on human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells. 0:159 Phytochemical attributes of four conventionally extracted medicinal plants and cytotoxic evaluation of their extracts on human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells. 24325458 3 52 theme mineral 747:753 arg1 content 755:761 mineral content 747:761 mineral content 747:761 Based on the extraction efficiency of polyphenols, the final extracts were obtained whose polyphenolic profile, polysaccharides, mineral content, and cytoprotective activities were determined. 24325458 3 52 theme mineral 747:753 arg1 profile 721:727 profile 721:727 profile 721:727 Based on the extraction efficiency of polyphenols, the final extracts were obtained whose polyphenolic profile, polysaccharides, mineral content, and cytoprotective activities were determined. 24325458 7 53 theme acids 1330:1334 arg1 content 1310:1316 a high content 1303:1316 a high content of phenolic acids and polysaccharides 1303:1354 Ground ivy and yarrow containing a high content of phenolic acids and polysaccharides were more efficient to decrease the cell survival when compared to olive leaf and hawthorn. 24325458 0 54 theme medicinal 58:66 arg1 plants 68:73 four conventionally extracted medicinal plants 28:73 four conventionally extracted medicinal plants 28:73 Phytochemical attributes of four conventionally extracted medicinal plants and cytotoxic evaluation of their extracts on human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells. 24325458 1 55 dep Achillea 274:281 arg1 L. 295:296 Achillea millefolium L. 274:296 Achillea millefolium L. 274:296 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 6 56 theme cell 1179:1182 arg1 viability 1184:1192 the cell viability 1175:1192 the cell viability 1175:1192 All examined medicinal plants reduced the cell viability and reactive oxygen species formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. 24325458 4 57 dep olive 960:964 arg1 leaves 966:971 leaves 966:971 leaves extract 966:979 The overall highest content of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity was determined in hawthorn, followed by yarrow and ground ivy, and the lowest in olive leaves extract. 24325458 1 58 dep Glechoma 348:355 arg1 L. 367:368 Glechoma hederacea L. 348:368 Glechoma hederacea L. 348:368 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 3 59 theme extraction 631:640 arg1 efficiency 642:651 the extraction efficiency 627:651 the extraction efficiency of polyphenols 627:666 Based on the extraction efficiency of polyphenols, the final extracts were obtained whose polyphenolic profile, polysaccharides, mineral content, and cytoprotective activities were determined. 24325458 3 60 theme cytoprotective 768:781 arg1 profile 721:727 profile 721:727 profile 721:727 Based on the extraction efficiency of polyphenols, the final extracts were obtained whose polyphenolic profile, polysaccharides, mineral content, and cytoprotective activities were determined. 24325458 3 60 theme cytoprotective 768:781 arg1 activities 783:792 cytoprotective activities 768:792 cytoprotective activities 768:792 Based on the extraction efficiency of polyphenols, the final extracts were obtained whose polyphenolic profile, polysaccharides, mineral content, and cytoprotective activities were determined. 24325458 7 61 theme cell 1392:1395 arg1 survival 1397:1404 the cell survival 1388:1404 the cell survival 1388:1404 Ground ivy and yarrow containing a high content of phenolic acids and polysaccharides were more efficient to decrease the cell survival when compared to olive leaf and hawthorn. 24325458 7 62 theme phenolic 1321:1328 arg1 acids 1330:1334 phenolic acids 1321:1334 phenolic acids 1321:1334 Ground ivy and yarrow containing a high content of phenolic acids and polysaccharides were more efficient to decrease the cell survival when compared to olive leaf and hawthorn. 24325458 8 63 theme plants 1688:1693 arg1 contents 1628:1635 the polyphenolic and polysaccharide contents 1592:1635 contents 1628:1635 Experiments confirmed the importance of polyphenolic composition rather than content of investigated plants and revealed a relationship between the polyphenolic and polysaccharide contents and antioxidant/prooxidant characters of medicinal plants. 24325458 8 63 theme plants 1688:1693 arg1 characters 1664:1673 antioxidant/prooxidant characters 1641:1673 antioxidant/prooxidant characters 1641:1673 Experiments confirmed the importance of polyphenolic composition rather than content of investigated plants and revealed a relationship between the polyphenolic and polysaccharide contents and antioxidant/prooxidant characters of medicinal plants. 24325458 1 64 theme medicinal 248:256 arg1 plants 258:263 four medicinal plants 243:263 four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) 243:398 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 1 64 theme medicinal 248:256 arg1 ivy 343:345 ground ivy 336:345 ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.) 336:369 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 1 64 theme medicinal 248:256 arg1 hawthorn 300:307 hawthorn 300:307 hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.) 300:333 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 1 64 theme medicinal 248:256 arg1 olive 376:380 olive 376:380 olive (Olea europea L.) 376:398 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 1 64 theme medicinal 248:256 arg1 yarrow 266:271 yarrow 266:271 yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) 266:297 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 0 65 theme cytotoxic 79:87 arg1 evaluation 89:98 cytotoxic evaluation 79:98 cytotoxic evaluation of their extracts 79:116 Phytochemical attributes of four conventionally extracted medicinal plants and cytotoxic evaluation of their extracts on human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells. 24325458 5 66 theme phenolic 1031:1038 arg1 acids 1040:1044 phenolic acids 1031:1044 phenolic acids 1031:1044 Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic acids, as the most abundant bioactive compounds, followed by flavonoids, flavons, and flavonols. 24325458 7 67 theme high 1305:1308 arg1 content 1310:1316 a high content 1303:1316 a high content of phenolic acids and polysaccharides 1303:1354 Ground ivy and yarrow containing a high content of phenolic acids and polysaccharides were more efficient to decrease the cell survival when compared to olive leaf and hawthorn. 24325458 8 68 theme medicinal 1678:1686 arg1 plants 1688:1693 medicinal plants 1678:1693 medicinal plants 1678:1693 Experiments confirmed the importance of polyphenolic composition rather than content of investigated plants and revealed a relationship between the polyphenolic and polysaccharide contents and antioxidant/prooxidant characters of medicinal plants. 24325458 1 69 theme plants 258:263 arg1 effects 232:238 cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects 191:238 cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) 191:444 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 1 69 theme plants 258:263 arg1 composition 175:185 The bioactive composition 161:185 The bioactive composition 161:185 The bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and olive (Olea europea L.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2) were investigated. 24325458 3 70 theme polyphenols 656:666 arg1 efficiency 642:651 the extraction efficiency 627:651 the extraction efficiency of polyphenols 627:666 Based on the extraction efficiency of polyphenols, the final extracts were obtained whose polyphenolic profile, polysaccharides, mineral content, and cytoprotective activities were determined. 24325458 6 71 theme medicinal 1150:1158 arg1 plants 1160:1165 All examined medicinal plants 1137:1165 All examined medicinal plants 1137:1165 All examined medicinal plants reduced the cell viability and reactive oxygen species formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. 24325458 7 72 contain containing 1292:1301 arg1 ivy 1277:1279 Ground ivy 1270:1279 Ground ivy 1270:1279 Ground ivy and yarrow containing a high content of phenolic acids and polysaccharides were more efficient to decrease the cell survival when compared to olive leaf and hawthorn. 24325458 7 72 contain containing 1292:1301 arg2 content 1310:1316 a high content 1303:1316 a high content of phenolic acids and polysaccharides 1303:1354 Ground ivy and yarrow containing a high content of phenolic acids and polysaccharides were more efficient to decrease the cell survival when compared to olive leaf and hawthorn. 24325458 6 73 theme dose- 1237:1241 arg1 manner 1262:1267 a dose- and time-dependent manner 1235:1267 a dose- and time-dependent manner 1235:1267 All examined medicinal plants reduced the cell viability and reactive oxygen species formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. 24325458 8 74 theme polyphenolic 1596:1607 arg1 contents 1628:1635 the polyphenolic and polysaccharide contents 1592:1635 contents 1628:1635 Experiments confirmed the importance of polyphenolic composition rather than content of investigated plants and revealed a relationship between the polyphenolic and polysaccharide contents and antioxidant/prooxidant characters of medicinal plants. 27400504 7 0 theme fiber 1587:1591 arg1 structures 1564:1573 the structures 1560:1573 the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed 1560:1653 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 3 1 from changes 424:430 arg1 leaf 446:449 functional leaf 435:449 functional leaf of cotton under K and B stress 435:480 To reveal the component changes in functional leaf of cotton under K and B stress and investigate effects on material composition from K and B. 27400504 5 2 theme characteristic 1007:1020 arg1 peaks 1022:1026 all characteristic peaks 1003:1026 all characteristic peaks 1003:1026 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 7 3 theme protein 1578:1584 arg1 structures 1564:1573 the structures 1560:1573 the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed 1560:1653 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 3 4 theme K 467:467 arg1 stress 475:480 K and B stress 467:480 K and B stress 467:480 To reveal the component changes in functional leaf of cotton under K and B stress and investigate effects on material composition from K and B. 27400504 7 5 theme soluble 1757:1763 arg1 sugar 1765:1769 soluble sugar 1757:1769 soluble sugar 1757:1769 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 7 6 theme nucleic 1893:1899 arg1 acids 1901:1905 nucleic acids 1893:1905 nucleic acids 1893:1905 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 5 7 theme other 1198:1202 arg1 carbohydrates 1204:1216 other carbohydrates 1198:1216 other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation 1198:1255 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 3 8 theme cotton 454:459 arg1 leaf 446:449 functional leaf 435:449 functional leaf of cotton under K and B stress 435:480 To reveal the component changes in functional leaf of cotton under K and B stress and investigate effects on material composition from K and B. 27400504 5 9 theme B 712:712 arg1 deficiency 714:723 B deficiency 712:723 B deficiency 712:723 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 5 10 theme 024.17 679:684 arg1 cm 686:687 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm 664:687 cm 686:687 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 5 10 theme 024.17 679:684 arg1 438.85 656:661 1 546.86, 1 438.85 644:661 438.85 656:661 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 6 11 theme significant 1304:1314 arg1 changes 1316:1322 significant changes 1304:1322 significant changes 1304:1322 (3) lack of both potassium and boron, induced significant changes to both the locations and relative absorbance of characteristic peaks, and the content of protein, and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped. 27400504 5 12 dep leaves 1068:1073 arg1 compared 1075:1082 compared 1075:1082 compared 1075:1082 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 0 13 theme Boron 120:124 arg1 Leaf 75:78 Functional Leaf 64:78 Functional Leaf of Cotton under Stress of Potassium and Boron] 64:125 [FTIR Spectroscopic Characterization of Material Composition in Functional Leaf of Cotton under Stress of Potassium and Boron]. 27400504 5 14 theme cotton 901:906 arg1 leaf 919:922 cotton functional leaf 901:922 cotton functional leaf 901:922 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 3 15 theme B 473:473 arg1 stress 475:480 K and B stress 467:480 K and B stress 467:480 To reveal the component changes in functional leaf of cotton under K and B stress and investigate effects on material composition from K and B. 27400504 1 16 theme essential 160:168 arg1 boron 146:150 boron 146:150 boron (B) 146:154 Potassium (K) and boron (B) are essential nutrient elements for plants, and the elements play an important role for plant growth, development and physiological metabolism. 27400504 1 16 theme essential 160:168 arg1 Potassium 128:136 Potassium 128:136 Potassium (K) 128:140 Potassium (K) and boron (B) are essential nutrient elements for plants, and the elements play an important role for plant growth, development and physiological metabolism. 27400504 1 16 theme essential 160:168 arg1 elements 179:186 essential nutrient elements 160:186 essential nutrient elements for plants 160:197 Potassium (K) and boron (B) are essential nutrient elements for plants, and the elements play an important role for plant growth, development and physiological metabolism. 27400504 4 17 theme pot 546:548 arg1 experiment 550:559 A pot experiment 544:559 A pot experiment 544:559 A pot experiment was conducted at Huazhong Agricultural University. 27400504 3 18 theme material 509:516 arg1 composition 518:528 material composition 509:528 material composition from K and B 509:541 To reveal the component changes in functional leaf of cotton under K and B stress and investigate effects on material composition from K and B. 27400504 0 19 from Leaf 75:78 arg1 Characterization 20:35 [FTIR Spectroscopic Characterization 0:35 [FTIR Spectroscopic Characterization of Material Composition in Functional Leaf of Cotton under Stress of Potassium and Boron]. 0:126 [FTIR Spectroscopic Characterization of Material Composition in Functional Leaf of Cotton under Stress of Potassium and Boron]. 27400504 7 20 theme other 1841:1845 arg1 carbohydrates 1847:1859 other carbohydrates 1841:1859 other carbohydrates 1841:1859 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 5 21 theme sugar 879:883 arg1 structures 841:850 the structures 837:850 the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf 837:922 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 6 22 theme characteristic 1373:1386 arg1 peaks 1388:1392 characteristic peaks 1373:1392 characteristic peaks 1373:1392 (3) lack of both potassium and boron, induced significant changes to both the locations and relative absorbance of characteristic peaks, and the content of protein, and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped. 27400504 5 23 theme characteristic 759:772 arg1 peaks 774:778 other characteristic peaks 753:778 other characteristic peaks 753:778 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 7 24 from accumulation 1711:1722 arg1 leaves 1727:1732 leaves 1727:1732 leaves 1727:1732 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 6 25 theme other 1445:1449 arg1 carbohydrates 1451:1463 other carbohydrates 1445:1463 other carbohydrates 1445:1463 (3) lack of both potassium and boron, induced significant changes to both the locations and relative absorbance of characteristic peaks, and the content of protein, and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped. 27400504 7 26 theme sugar 1831:1835 arg1 carbohydrates 1847:1859 other carbohydrates 1841:1859 other carbohydrates 1841:1859 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 7 26 theme sugar 1831:1835 arg1 content 1800:1806 the content 1796:1806 the content of protein and soluble sugar 1796:1835 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 5 27 theme ribosome 889:896 arg1 structures 841:850 the structures 837:850 the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf 837:922 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 6 28 theme sugar 1435:1439 arg1 content 1403:1409 the content 1399:1409 the content of protein, and soluble sugar 1399:1439 (3) lack of both potassium and boron, induced significant changes to both the locations and relative absorbance of characteristic peaks, and the content of protein, and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped. 27400504 6 28 theme sugar 1435:1439 arg1 carbohydrates 1451:1463 other carbohydrates 1445:1463 other carbohydrates 1445:1463 (3) lack of both potassium and boron, induced significant changes to both the locations and relative absorbance of characteristic peaks, and the content of protein, and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped. 27400504 5 29 from accumulation 1134:1145 arg1 leaves 1150:1155 leaves 1150:1155 leaves 1150:1155 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 5 30 theme B 1108:1108 arg1 deficiency 1110:1119 B deficiency 1108:1119 B deficiency 1108:1119 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 1 31 theme physiological 274:286 arg1 metabolism 288:297 physiological metabolism 274:297 physiological metabolism 274:297 Potassium (K) and boron (B) are essential nutrient elements for plants, and the elements play an important role for plant growth, development and physiological metabolism. 27400504 5 32 theme relative 730:737 arg1 absorbance 739:748 relative absorbance 730:748 relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks 730:778 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 0 33 from Characterization 20:35 arg1 Leaf 75:78 Functional Leaf 64:78 Functional Leaf of Cotton under Stress of Potassium and Boron] 64:125 [FTIR Spectroscopic Characterization of Material Composition in Functional Leaf of Cotton under Stress of Potassium and Boron]. 27400504 5 34 dep decreased 784:792 arg1 compared 794:801 compared 794:801 compared 794:801 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 0 35 theme Cotton 83:88 arg1 Leaf 75:78 Functional Leaf 64:78 Functional Leaf of Cotton under Stress of Potassium and Boron] 64:125 [FTIR Spectroscopic Characterization of Material Composition in Functional Leaf of Cotton under Stress of Potassium and Boron]. 27400504 6 36 theme soluble 1427:1433 arg1 sugar 1435:1439 soluble sugar 1427:1439 soluble sugar 1427:1439 (3) lack of both potassium and boron, induced significant changes to both the locations and relative absorbance of characteristic peaks, and the content of protein, and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped. 27400504 2 37 contain has 307:309 arg2 demand 320:325 a higher demand 311:325 a higher demand for K and B 311:337 Cotton has a higher demand for K and B; K deficiency or B deficiency often occurs in cotton though. 27400504 2 37 contain has 307:309 arg1 Cotton 300:305 Cotton 300:305 Cotton 300:305 Cotton has a higher demand for K and B; K deficiency or B deficiency often occurs in cotton though. 27400504 6 38 theme nucleic 1497:1503 arg1 acids 1505:1509 nucleic acids 1497:1509 nucleic acids 1497:1509 (3) lack of both potassium and boron, induced significant changes to both the locations and relative absorbance of characteristic peaks, and the content of protein, and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped. 27400504 0 39 theme Potassium 106:114 arg1 Leaf 75:78 Functional Leaf 64:78 Functional Leaf of Cotton under Stress of Potassium and Boron] 64:125 [FTIR Spectroscopic Characterization of Material Composition in Functional Leaf of Cotton under Stress of Potassium and Boron]. 27400504 7 40 from fiber 1587:1591 arg1 leaf 1642:1645 cotton functional leaf 1624:1645 cotton functional leaf changed 1624:1653 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 7 41 theme short 1960:1964 arg1 supply 1966:1971 short supply 1960:1971 short supply 1960:1971 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 0 42 theme [FTIR 0:4 arg1 Characterization 20:35 [FTIR Spectroscopic Characterization 0:35 [FTIR Spectroscopic Characterization of Material Composition in Functional Leaf of Cotton under Stress of Potassium and Boron]. 0:126 [FTIR Spectroscopic Characterization of Material Composition in Functional Leaf of Cotton under Stress of Potassium and Boron]. 27400504 1 43 theme important 225:233 arg1 role 235:238 an important role 222:238 an important role for plant growth, development and physiological metabolism 222:297 Potassium (K) and boron (B) are essential nutrient elements for plants, and the elements play an important role for plant growth, development and physiological metabolism. 27400504 7 44 theme B 1681:1681 arg1 deficiency 1683:1692 B deficiency 1681:1692 B deficiency 1681:1692 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 3 45 from effects 498:504 arg1 composition 518:528 material composition 509:528 material composition from K and B 509:541 To reveal the component changes in functional leaf of cotton under K and B stress and investigate effects on material composition from K and B. 27400504 2 46 theme K 340:340 arg1 deficiency 342:351 K deficiency 340:351 K deficiency 340:351 Cotton has a higher demand for K and B; K deficiency or B deficiency often occurs in cotton though. 27400504 0 47 theme Material 40:47 arg1 Composition 49:59 Material Composition 40:59 Material Composition in Functional Leaf of Cotton under Stress of Potassium and Boron] 40:125 [FTIR Spectroscopic Characterization of Material Composition in Functional Leaf of Cotton under Stress of Potassium and Boron]. 27400504 5 48 theme fiber 864:868 arg1 structures 841:850 the structures 837:850 the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf 837:922 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 7 49 theme ribosome 1612:1619 arg1 structures 1564:1573 the structures 1560:1573 the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed 1560:1653 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 5 50 theme soluble 1180:1186 arg1 sugar 1188:1192 soluble sugar 1180:1192 soluble sugar 1180:1192 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 7 51 from carbohydrates 1781:1793 arg1 leaves 1727:1732 leaves 1727:1732 leaves 1727:1732 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 5 52 theme soluble 871:877 arg1 sugar 879:883 soluble sugar 871:883 soluble sugar 871:883 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 6 53 dep lack 1262:1265 arg1 3 1259:1259 3 1259:1259 3 1259:1259 (3) lack of both potassium and boron, induced significant changes to both the locations and relative absorbance of characteristic peaks, and the content of protein, and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped. 27400504 6 54 theme potassium 1275:1283 arg1 lack 1262:1265 (3) lack 1258:1265 (3) lack 1258:1265 (3) lack of both potassium and boron, induced significant changes to both the locations and relative absorbance of characteristic peaks, and the content of protein, and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped. 27400504 7 55 theme functional 1631:1640 arg1 leaf 1642:1645 cotton functional leaf 1624:1645 cotton functional leaf changed 1624:1653 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 3 56 theme functional 435:444 arg1 leaf 446:449 functional leaf 435:449 functional leaf of cotton under K and B stress 435:480 To reveal the component changes in functional leaf of cotton under K and B stress and investigate effects on material composition from K and B. 27400504 5 57 theme protein 855:861 arg1 structures 841:850 the structures 837:850 the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf 837:922 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 7 58 from structures 1564:1573 arg1 leaf 1642:1645 cotton functional leaf 1624:1645 cotton functional leaf changed 1624:1653 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 7 59 from protein 1578:1584 arg1 leaf 1642:1645 cotton functional leaf 1624:1645 cotton functional leaf changed 1624:1653 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 3 60 from B 541:541 arg1 composition 518:528 material composition 509:528 material composition from K and B 509:541 To reveal the component changes in functional leaf of cotton under K and B stress and investigate effects on material composition from K and B. 27400504 5 61 theme hindered 1233:1240 arg1 transportation 1242:1255 the hindered transportation 1229:1255 the hindered transportation 1229:1255 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 5 62 theme peaks 1022:1026 arg1 absorbance 989:998 the relative absorbance 976:998 the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks 976:1026 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 7 63 theme other 1775:1779 arg1 carbohydrates 1781:1793 other carbohydrates 1775:1793 other carbohydrates 1775:1793 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 7 64 from fiber 1750:1754 arg1 leaves 1727:1732 leaves 1727:1732 leaves 1727:1732 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 7 65 theme acids 1901:1905 arg1 content 1882:1888 the content 1878:1888 the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides 1878:1925 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 5 66 from structures 841:850 arg1 leaf 919:922 cotton functional leaf 901:922 cotton functional leaf 901:922 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 5 67 dep cotton 1061:1066 arg1 leaves 1068:1073 leaves 1068:1073 leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation 1068:1255 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 7 68 theme K 1540:1540 arg1 deficiency 1542:1551 K deficiency 1540:1551 K deficiency 1540:1551 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 7 69 theme sugar 1602:1606 arg1 structures 1564:1573 the structures 1560:1573 the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed 1560:1653 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 5 70 theme functional 908:917 arg1 leaf 919:922 cotton functional leaf 901:922 cotton functional leaf 901:922 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 6 71 theme boron 1289:1293 arg1 lack 1262:1265 (3) lack 1258:1265 (3) lack 1258:1265 (3) lack of both potassium and boron, induced significant changes to both the locations and relative absorbance of characteristic peaks, and the content of protein, and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped. 27400504 1 72 theme nutrient 170:177 arg1 boron 146:150 boron 146:150 boron (B) 146:154 Potassium (K) and boron (B) are essential nutrient elements for plants, and the elements play an important role for plant growth, development and physiological metabolism. 27400504 1 72 theme nutrient 170:177 arg1 Potassium 128:136 Potassium 128:136 Potassium (K) 128:140 Potassium (K) and boron (B) are essential nutrient elements for plants, and the elements play an important role for plant growth, development and physiological metabolism. 27400504 1 72 theme nutrient 170:177 arg1 elements 179:186 essential nutrient elements 160:186 essential nutrient elements for plants 160:197 Potassium (K) and boron (B) are essential nutrient elements for plants, and the elements play an important role for plant growth, development and physiological metabolism. 27400504 5 73 dep increased 1032:1040 arg1 2 973:973 2 973:973 2 973:973 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 6 74 theme peaks 1388:1392 arg1 locations 1336:1344 locations 1336:1344 locations 1336:1344 (3) lack of both potassium and boron, induced significant changes to both the locations and relative absorbance of characteristic peaks, and the content of protein, and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped. 27400504 6 74 theme peaks 1388:1392 arg1 absorbance 1359:1368 relative absorbance 1350:1368 relative absorbance 1350:1368 (3) lack of both potassium and boron, induced significant changes to both the locations and relative absorbance of characteristic peaks, and the content of protein, and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped. 27400504 5 75 theme other 753:757 arg1 peaks 774:778 other characteristic peaks 753:778 other characteristic peaks 753:778 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 5 76 from 438.85 656:661 arg1 peaks 635:639 the characteristic peaks 616:639 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) 612:691 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 5 77 theme peaks 774:778 arg1 absorbance 739:748 relative absorbance 730:748 relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks 730:778 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 6 78 dep locations 1336:1344 arg1 the 1332:1334 the 1332:1334 the 1332:1334 (3) lack of both potassium and boron, induced significant changes to both the locations and relative absorbance of characteristic peaks, and the content of protein, and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped. 27400504 5 79 dep peaks 635:639 arg1 1 613:613 1 613:613 1 613:613 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 5 80 theme 546.86 646:651 arg1 153.39 666:671 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm 664:687 153.39 666:671 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 5 80 theme 546.86 646:651 arg1 cm 686:687 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm 664:687 cm 686:687 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 5 80 theme 546.86 646:651 arg1 438.85 656:661 1 546.86, 1 438.85 644:661 438.85 656:661 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 6 81 theme relative 1350:1357 arg1 absorbance 1359:1368 relative absorbance 1350:1368 relative absorbance 1350:1368 (3) lack of both potassium and boron, induced significant changes to both the locations and relative absorbance of characteristic peaks, and the content of protein, and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped. 27400504 7 82 from leaf 1642:1645 arg1 structures 1564:1573 the structures 1560:1573 the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed 1560:1653 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 7 83 theme soluble 1823:1829 arg1 sugar 1831:1835 soluble sugar 1823:1835 soluble sugar 1823:1835 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 6 84 theme polysaccharides 1515:1529 arg1 content 1486:1492 the content 1482:1492 the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides 1482:1529 (3) lack of both potassium and boron, induced significant changes to both the locations and relative absorbance of characteristic peaks, and the content of protein, and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped. 27400504 7 85 theme protein 1811:1817 arg1 carbohydrates 1847:1859 other carbohydrates 1841:1859 other carbohydrates 1841:1859 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 7 85 theme protein 1811:1817 arg1 content 1800:1806 the content 1796:1806 the content of protein and soluble sugar 1796:1835 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 5 86 theme characteristic 620:633 arg1 peaks 635:639 the characteristic peaks 616:639 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) 612:691 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 5 87 theme K 969:969 arg1 lack 961:964 lack 961:964 lack of K. 961:970 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 6 88 theme acids 1505:1509 arg1 content 1486:1492 the content 1482:1492 the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides 1482:1529 (3) lack of both potassium and boron, induced significant changes to both the locations and relative absorbance of characteristic peaks, and the content of protein, and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped. 27400504 6 89 theme protein 1414:1420 arg1 content 1403:1409 the content 1399:1409 the content of protein, and soluble sugar 1399:1439 (3) lack of both potassium and boron, induced significant changes to both the locations and relative absorbance of characteristic peaks, and the content of protein, and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped. 27400504 6 89 theme protein 1414:1420 arg1 carbohydrates 1451:1463 other carbohydrates 1445:1463 other carbohydrates 1445:1463 (3) lack of both potassium and boron, induced significant changes to both the locations and relative absorbance of characteristic peaks, and the content of protein, and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped. 27400504 0 90 from Composition 49:59 arg1 Leaf 75:78 Functional Leaf 64:78 Functional Leaf of Cotton under Stress of Potassium and Boron] 64:125 [FTIR Spectroscopic Characterization of Material Composition in Functional Leaf of Cotton under Stress of Potassium and Boron]. 27400504 3 91 from K 535:535 arg1 composition 518:528 material composition 509:528 material composition from K and B 509:541 To reveal the component changes in functional leaf of cotton under K and B stress and investigate effects on material composition from K and B. 27400504 0 92 theme Spectroscopic 6:18 arg1 Characterization 20:35 [FTIR Spectroscopic Characterization 0:35 [FTIR Spectroscopic Characterization of Material Composition in Functional Leaf of Cotton under Stress of Potassium and Boron]. 0:126 [FTIR Spectroscopic Characterization of Material Composition in Functional Leaf of Cotton under Stress of Potassium and Boron]. 27400504 5 93 theme relative 980:987 arg1 absorbance 989:998 the relative absorbance 976:998 the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks 976:1026 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 27400504 7 94 from sugar 1602:1606 arg1 leaf 1642:1645 cotton functional leaf 1624:1645 cotton functional leaf changed 1624:1653 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 2 95 theme B 356:356 arg1 deficiency 358:367 B deficiency 356:367 B deficiency 356:367 Cotton has a higher demand for K and B; K deficiency or B deficiency often occurs in cotton though. 27400504 0 96 theme Composition 49:59 arg1 Characterization 20:35 [FTIR Spectroscopic Characterization 0:35 [FTIR Spectroscopic Characterization of Material Composition in Functional Leaf of Cotton under Stress of Potassium and Boron]. 0:126 [FTIR Spectroscopic Characterization of Material Composition in Functional Leaf of Cotton under Stress of Potassium and Boron]. 27400504 1 97 theme plant 244:248 arg1 growth 250:255 plant growth 244:255 plant growth 244:255 Potassium (K) and boron (B) are essential nutrient elements for plants, and the elements play an important role for plant growth, development and physiological metabolism. 27400504 7 98 from sugar 1765:1769 arg1 leaves 1727:1732 leaves 1727:1732 leaves 1727:1732 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 7 99 from ribosome 1612:1619 arg1 leaf 1642:1645 cotton functional leaf 1624:1645 cotton functional leaf changed 1624:1653 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 0 100 theme Functional 64:73 arg1 Leaf 75:78 Functional Leaf 64:78 Functional Leaf of Cotton under Stress of Potassium and Boron] 64:125 [FTIR Spectroscopic Characterization of Material Composition in Functional Leaf of Cotton under Stress of Potassium and Boron]. 27400504 3 101 theme component 414:422 arg1 changes 424:430 the component changes 410:430 the component changes in functional leaf of cotton under K and B stress 410:480 To reveal the component changes in functional leaf of cotton under K and B stress and investigate effects on material composition from K and B. 27400504 7 102 theme cotton 1624:1629 arg1 leaf 1642:1645 cotton functional leaf 1624:1645 cotton functional leaf changed 1624:1653 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 7 103 theme soluble 1594:1600 arg1 sugar 1602:1606 soluble sugar 1594:1606 soluble sugar 1594:1606 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 7 104 theme polysaccharides 1911:1925 arg1 content 1882:1888 the content 1878:1888 the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides 1878:1925 K deficiency led to the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in content; B deficiency gave rise to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates; the content of protein and soluble sugar and other carbohydrates increased, while the content of nucleic acids and polysaccharides dropped when K and B were all in short supply. 27400504 2 105 theme higher 313:318 arg1 demand 320:325 a higher demand 311:325 a higher demand for K and B 311:337 Cotton has a higher demand for K and B; K deficiency or B deficiency often occurs in cotton though. 27400504 5 106 theme B-deficient 1049:1059 arg1 cotton 1061:1066 the B-deficient cotton 1045:1066 the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation 1045:1255 (1) the characteristic peaks at 1 546.86, 1 438.85, 1 153.39 and 1 024.17 cm(-1) disappeared due to B deficiency, and relative absorbance of other characteristic peaks was decreased compared with normal, which suggested that the structures of protein, fiber, soluble sugar and ribosome in cotton functional leaf changed and decreased in cotent when lack of K. (2) the relative absorbance of all characteristic peaks was increased in the B-deficient cotton leaves compared with normal, suggesting B deficiency leads to the accumulation in leaves of protein, and fiber, soluble sugar and other carbohydrates because of the hindered transportation. 28252436 3 0 theme dosage 630:635 arg1 forms 637:641 modern dosage forms 623:641 modern dosage forms 623:641 Despite the wide application of herbal preparations, in the literature there is a little information about their application in development of wound and burn healing modern dosage forms. 28252436 6 1 theme phenolic 1099:1106 arg1 polymer 1108:1114 this phenolic polymer 1094:1114 this phenolic polymer of Comfrey 1094:1125 Contrary to polysaccharides this phenolic polymer of Comfrey appeared to have a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities. 28252436 3 2 theme preparations 496:507 arg1 application 474:484 the wide application 465:484 the wide application of herbal preparations 465:507 Despite the wide application of herbal preparations, in the literature there is a little information about their application in development of wound and burn healing modern dosage forms. 28252436 7 3 theme gel 1371:1373 arg1 technology 1341:1350 technology 1341:1350 technology 1341:1350 The aim of the study was development of the composition and technology of PDGA-containing gel. 28252436 7 3 theme gel 1371:1373 arg1 composition 1325:1335 composition 1325:1335 composition 1325:1335 The aim of the study was development of the composition and technology of PDGA-containing gel. 28252436 10 4 theme PDGA 1557:1560 arg1 stability 1566:1574 PDGA gel stability 1557:1574 PDGA gel stability under normal conditions of storage at +40С 1557:1617 PDGA gel stability under normal conditions of storage at +40С was studied. 28252436 6 5 theme immunomodulatory 1151:1166 arg1 efficacy/activities 1260:1278 a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities 1144:1278 a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities 1144:1278 Contrary to polysaccharides this phenolic polymer of Comfrey appeared to have a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities. 28252436 7 6 dep composition 1325:1335 arg1 the 1321:1323 the 1321:1323 the 1321:1323 The aim of the study was development of the composition and technology of PDGA-containing gel. 28252436 1 7 theme forms 175:179 arg1 development 149:159 the development 145:159 the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors 145:304 One of the most actual problems of pharmacy is the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors. 28252436 1 7 theme forms 175:179 arg1 problems 121:128 the most actual problems 105:128 the most actual problems of pharmacy 105:140 One of the most actual problems of pharmacy is the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors. 28252436 1 7 theme forms 175:179 arg1 One 98:100 One 98:100 One 98:100 One of the most actual problems of pharmacy is the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors. 28252436 6 8 theme high 1146:1149 arg1 efficacy/activities 1260:1278 a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities 1144:1278 a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities 1144:1278 Contrary to polysaccharides this phenolic polymer of Comfrey appeared to have a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities. 28252436 10 9 theme normal 1582:1587 arg1 conditions 1589:1598 normal conditions 1582:1598 normal conditions of storage 1582:1609 PDGA gel stability under normal conditions of storage at +40С was studied. 28252436 3 10 theme little 539:544 arg1 information 546:556 a little information 537:556 a little information about their application in development of wound and burn healing modern dosage forms 537:641 Despite the wide application of herbal preparations, in the literature there is a little information about their application in development of wound and burn healing modern dosage forms. 28252436 1 11 theme external 185:192 arg1 application 194:204 external application 185:204 external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors 185:304 One of the most actual problems of pharmacy is the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors. 28252436 4 12 theme medicinal 654:662 arg1 plants 664:669 the medicinal plants 650:669 the medicinal plants with the mentioned pharmacological actions 650:712 Among the medicinal plants with the mentioned pharmacological actions, comfrey (Symphytum L.) should be distinguished. 28252436 1 13 from effects 219:225 arg1 burns 275:279 burns 275:279 burns 275:279 One of the most actual problems of pharmacy is the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors. 28252436 1 13 from effects 219:225 arg1 factors 298:304 inflammatory factors 285:304 inflammatory factors 285:304 One of the most actual problems of pharmacy is the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors. 28252436 1 13 from effects 219:225 arg1 wounds 267:272 skin wounds 262:272 skin wounds 262:272 One of the most actual problems of pharmacy is the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors. 28252436 5 14 theme 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl 855:873 arg1 ethylene 875:882 poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, 833:967 ethylene 875:882 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 8 15 theme biopharmaceutical 1412:1428 arg1 studies 1430:1436 complex biopharmaceutical studies 1404:1436 complex biopharmaceutical studies 1404:1436 According to the results of complex biopharmaceutical studies PDGA gel optimal composition has been proved. 28252436 7 16 theme study 1296:1300 arg1 development 1306:1316 development 1306:1316 development of the composition and technology of PDGA-containing gel 1306:1373 The aim of the study was development of the composition and technology of PDGA-containing gel. 28252436 7 16 theme study 1296:1300 arg1 aim 1285:1287 The aim 1281:1287 The aim of the study 1281:1300 The aim of the study was development of the composition and technology of PDGA-containing gel. 28252436 1 17 theme most 109:112 arg1 problems 121:128 the most actual problems 105:128 the most actual problems of pharmacy 105:140 One of the most actual problems of pharmacy is the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors. 28252436 8 18 theme PDGA 1438:1441 arg1 composition 1455:1465 PDGA gel optimal composition 1438:1465 PDGA gel optimal composition 1438:1465 According to the results of complex biopharmaceutical studies PDGA gel optimal composition has been proved. 28252436 5 19 theme polymer 772:778 arg1 acid 817:820 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] 763:821 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) 763:828 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 5 19 theme polymer 772:778 arg1 PDGA 824:827 PDGA 824:827 PDGA 824:827 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 1 20 theme problems 121:128 arg1 development 149:159 the development 145:159 the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors 145:304 One of the most actual problems of pharmacy is the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors. 28252436 1 20 theme problems 121:128 arg1 problems 121:128 the most actual problems 105:128 the most actual problems of pharmacy 105:140 One of the most actual problems of pharmacy is the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors. 28252436 1 20 theme problems 121:128 arg1 One 98:100 One 98:100 One 98:100 One of the most actual problems of pharmacy is the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors. 28252436 11 21 contain has 1640:1642 arg1 gel 1636:1638 The gel 1632:1638 The gel 1632:1638 The gel has a shelf life (determined expiration date) of 2 year. 28252436 11 21 contain has 1640:1642 arg2 life 1652:1655 a shelf life 1644:1655 a shelf life (determined expiration date) of 2 year 1644:1694 The gel has a shelf life (determined expiration date) of 2 year. 28252436 8 22 theme optimal 1447:1453 arg1 composition 1455:1465 PDGA gel optimal composition 1438:1465 PDGA gel optimal composition 1438:1465 According to the results of complex biopharmaceutical studies PDGA gel optimal composition has been proved. 28252436 1 23 theme pharmacy 133:140 arg1 problems 121:128 the most actual problems 105:128 the most actual problems of pharmacy 105:140 One of the most actual problems of pharmacy is the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors. 28252436 11 24 theme year 1691:1694 arg1 life 1652:1655 a shelf life 1644:1655 a shelf life (determined expiration date) of 2 year 1644:1694 The gel has a shelf life (determined expiration date) of 2 year. 28252436 0 25 theme ACID 87:90 arg1 GEL 93:95 THE POLY[3-(3,4-DIHYDROXYPHENYL)GLYCERIC ACID] GEL 46:95 THE POLY[3-(3,4-DIHYDROXYPHENYL)GLYCERIC ACID] GEL 46:95 DEVELOPMENT OF FORMULATION AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE POLY[3-(3,4-DIHYDROXYPHENYL)GLYCERIC ACID] GEL. 28252436 5 26 theme Caucasian 1011:1019 arg1 species 1029:1035 Caucasian comfrey species 1011:1035 Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum) 1011:1063 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 1 27 dep wounds 267:272 arg1 aerosol 247:253 aerosol 247:253 aerosol 247:253 One of the most actual problems of pharmacy is the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors. 28252436 1 27 dep wounds 267:272 arg1 emplastro 236:244 emplastro 236:244 emplastro 236:244 One of the most actual problems of pharmacy is the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors. 28252436 1 27 dep wounds 267:272 arg1 gel 231:233 gel 231:233 gel 231:233 One of the most actual problems of pharmacy is the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors. 28252436 1 27 dep wounds 267:272 arg1 etc. 256:259 etc. 256:259 etc. 256:259 One of the most actual problems of pharmacy is the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors. 28252436 5 28 theme poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2- 833:853 arg1 ethylene 875:882 poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, 833:967 ethylene 875:882 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 5 29 theme polysaccharides 917:931 arg1 % 944:944 1.5-2.5% 937:944 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material 937:966 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 5 29 theme polysaccharides 917:931 arg1 % 912:912 approximately 25% 896:912 approximately 25% of polysaccharides 896:931 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 5 29 theme polysaccharides 917:931 arg1 material 959:966 dry plant material 949:966 dry plant material 949:966 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 5 29 theme polysaccharides 917:931 arg1 polysaccharides 917:931 polysaccharides 917:931 polysaccharides 917:931 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 4 30 theme mentioned 680:688 arg1 actions 706:712 the mentioned pharmacological actions 676:712 the mentioned pharmacological actions 676:712 Among the medicinal plants with the mentioned pharmacological actions, comfrey (Symphytum L.) should be distinguished. 28252436 3 31 from application 570:580 arg1 development 585:595 development 585:595 development of wound and burn healing modern dosage forms 585:641 Despite the wide application of herbal preparations, in the literature there is a little information about their application in development of wound and burn healing modern dosage forms. 28252436 10 32 theme storage 1603:1609 arg1 conditions 1589:1598 normal conditions 1582:1598 normal conditions of storage 1582:1609 PDGA gel stability under normal conditions of storage at +40С was studied. 28252436 9 33 theme gel 1533:1535 arg1 preparation 1513:1523 preparation 1513:1523 preparation of PDGA gel 1513:1535 The technological scheme for preparation of PDGA gel has been developed. 28252436 11 34 theme shelf 1646:1650 arg1 life 1652:1655 a shelf life 1644:1655 a shelf life (determined expiration date) of 2 year 1644:1694 The gel has a shelf life (determined expiration date) of 2 year. 28252436 6 35 contain have 1139:1142 arg1 polymer 1108:1114 this phenolic polymer 1094:1114 this phenolic polymer of Comfrey 1094:1125 Contrary to polysaccharides this phenolic polymer of Comfrey appeared to have a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities. 28252436 6 35 contain have 1139:1142 arg2 efficacy/activities 1260:1278 a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities 1144:1278 a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities 1144:1278 Contrary to polysaccharides this phenolic polymer of Comfrey appeared to have a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities. 28252436 0 36 theme FORMULATION 15:25 arg1 DEVELOPMENT 0:10 DEVELOPMENT 0:10 DEVELOPMENT OF FORMULATION AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE POLY[3-(3,4-DIHYDROXYPHENYL)GLYCERIC ACID] GEL. 0:96 DEVELOPMENT OF FORMULATION AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE POLY[3-(3,4-DIHYDROXYPHENYL)GLYCERIC ACID] GEL. 28252436 3 37 theme wound 600:604 arg1 development 585:595 development 585:595 development of wound and burn healing modern dosage forms 585:641 Despite the wide application of herbal preparations, in the literature there is a little information about their application in development of wound and burn healing modern dosage forms. 28252436 2 38 theme herbal 363:368 arg1 phyto-preparations 343:360 phyto-preparations 343:360 phyto-preparations (herbal remedies) 343:378 The centuries-old practice of using phyto-preparations (herbal remedies) proved that they have fewer side effects in comparison with synthetic drugs. 28252436 2 38 theme herbal 363:368 arg1 remedies 370:377 herbal remedies 363:377 herbal remedies 363:377 The centuries-old practice of using phyto-preparations (herbal remedies) proved that they have fewer side effects in comparison with synthetic drugs. 28252436 0 39 theme TECHNOLOGY 31:40 arg1 DEVELOPMENT 0:10 DEVELOPMENT 0:10 DEVELOPMENT OF FORMULATION AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE POLY[3-(3,4-DIHYDROXYPHENYL)GLYCERIC ACID] GEL. 0:96 DEVELOPMENT OF FORMULATION AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE POLY[3-(3,4-DIHYDROXYPHENYL)GLYCERIC ACID] GEL. 28252436 5 40 theme plant 953:957 arg1 material 959:966 dry plant material 949:966 dry plant material 949:966 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 2 41 theme side 408:411 arg1 effects 413:419 fewer side effects 402:419 fewer side effects 402:419 The centuries-old practice of using phyto-preparations (herbal remedies) proved that they have fewer side effects in comparison with synthetic drugs. 28252436 1 42 theme skin 262:265 arg1 wounds 267:272 skin wounds 262:272 skin wounds 262:272 One of the most actual problems of pharmacy is the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors. 28252436 10 43 from +40С 1614:1617 arg1 stability 1566:1574 PDGA gel stability 1557:1574 PDGA gel stability under normal conditions of storage at +40С 1557:1617 PDGA gel stability under normal conditions of storage at +40С was studied. 28252436 3 44 theme modern 623:628 arg1 forms 637:641 modern dosage forms 623:641 modern dosage forms 623:641 Despite the wide application of herbal preparations, in the literature there is a little information about their application in development of wound and burn healing modern dosage forms. 28252436 3 45 theme burn 610:613 arg1 healing 615:621 burn healing 610:621 burn healing 610:621 Despite the wide application of herbal preparations, in the literature there is a little information about their application in development of wound and burn healing modern dosage forms. 28252436 2 46 theme centuries-old 311:323 arg1 practice 325:332 The centuries-old practice 307:332 The centuries-old practice of using phyto-preparations (herbal remedies) 307:378 The centuries-old practice of using phyto-preparations (herbal remedies) proved that they have fewer side effects in comparison with synthetic drugs. 28252436 1 47 theme complex 211:217 arg1 effects 219:225 complex effects 211:225 complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors 211:304 One of the most actual problems of pharmacy is the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors. 28252436 6 48 dep immunomodulatory 1151:1166 arg1 anticomplement 1169:1182 anticomplement 1169:1182 anticomplement 1169:1182 Contrary to polysaccharides this phenolic polymer of Comfrey appeared to have a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities. 28252436 1 49 with application 194:204 arg1 effects 219:225 complex effects 211:225 complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors 211:304 One of the most actual problems of pharmacy is the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors. 28252436 4 50 with plants 664:669 arg1 actions 706:712 the mentioned pharmacological actions 676:712 the mentioned pharmacological actions 676:712 Among the medicinal plants with the mentioned pharmacological actions, comfrey (Symphytum L.) should be distinguished. 28252436 6 51 theme antilipoperoxidantive 1201:1221 arg1 efficacy/activities 1260:1278 a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities 1144:1278 a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities 1144:1278 Contrary to polysaccharides this phenolic polymer of Comfrey appeared to have a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities. 28252436 11 52 dep life 1652:1655 arg1 determined 1658:1667 determined 1658:1667 determined expiration date 1658:1683 The gel has a shelf life (determined expiration date) of 2 year. 28252436 6 53 theme antioxidative 1186:1198 arg1 efficacy/activities 1260:1278 a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities 1144:1278 a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities 1144:1278 Contrary to polysaccharides this phenolic polymer of Comfrey appeared to have a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities. 28252436 3 54 theme herbal 489:494 arg1 preparations 496:507 herbal preparations 489:507 herbal preparations 489:507 Despite the wide application of herbal preparations, in the literature there is a little information about their application in development of wound and burn healing modern dosage forms. 28252436 2 55 contain have 397:400 arg1 they 392:395 they 392:395 they 392:395 The centuries-old practice of using phyto-preparations (herbal remedies) proved that they have fewer side effects in comparison with synthetic drugs. 28252436 2 55 contain have 397:400 arg2 effects 413:419 fewer side effects 402:419 fewer side effects 402:419 The centuries-old practice of using phyto-preparations (herbal remedies) proved that they have fewer side effects in comparison with synthetic drugs. 28252436 5 56 theme glyceric 808:815 arg1 acid 817:820 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] 763:821 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) 763:828 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 5 56 theme glyceric 808:815 arg1 PDGA 824:827 PDGA 824:827 PDGA 824:827 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 10 57 theme gel 1562:1564 arg1 stability 1566:1574 PDGA gel stability 1557:1574 PDGA gel stability under normal conditions of storage at +40С 1557:1617 PDGA gel stability under normal conditions of storage at +40С was studied. 28252436 7 58 theme PDGA-containing 1355:1369 arg1 gel 1371:1373 PDGA-containing gel 1355:1373 PDGA-containing gel 1355:1373 The aim of the study was development of the composition and technology of PDGA-containing gel. 28252436 5 59 theme poly[3- 780:786 arg1 acid 817:820 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] 763:821 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) 763:828 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 5 59 theme poly[3- 780:786 arg1 PDGA 824:827 PDGA 824:827 PDGA 824:827 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 7 60 theme technology 1341:1350 arg1 development 1306:1316 development 1306:1316 development of the composition and technology of PDGA-containing gel 1306:1373 The aim of the study was development of the composition and technology of PDGA-containing gel. 28252436 7 60 theme technology 1341:1350 arg1 aim 1285:1287 The aim 1281:1287 The aim of the study 1281:1300 The aim of the study was development of the composition and technology of PDGA-containing gel. 28252436 9 61 theme technological 1488:1500 arg1 scheme 1502:1507 The technological scheme 1484:1507 The technological scheme for preparation of PDGA gel 1484:1535 The technological scheme for preparation of PDGA gel has been developed. 28252436 5 62 theme 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl 788:806 arg1 acid 817:820 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] 763:821 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) 763:828 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 5 62 theme 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl 788:806 arg1 PDGA 824:827 PDGA 824:827 PDGA 824:827 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 8 63 theme complex 1404:1410 arg1 studies 1430:1436 complex biopharmaceutical studies 1404:1436 complex biopharmaceutical studies 1404:1436 According to the results of complex biopharmaceutical studies PDGA gel optimal composition has been proved. 28252436 7 64 theme composition 1325:1335 arg1 development 1306:1316 development 1306:1316 development of the composition and technology of PDGA-containing gel 1306:1373 The aim of the study was development of the composition and technology of PDGA-containing gel. 28252436 7 64 theme composition 1325:1335 arg1 aim 1285:1287 The aim 1281:1287 The aim of the study 1281:1300 The aim of the study was development of the composition and technology of PDGA-containing gel. 28252436 6 65 theme wound-healing 1246:1258 arg1 efficacy/activities 1260:1278 a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities 1144:1278 a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities 1144:1278 Contrary to polysaccharides this phenolic polymer of Comfrey appeared to have a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities. 28252436 8 66 theme studies 1430:1436 arg1 results 1393:1399 the results 1389:1399 the results of complex biopharmaceutical studies 1389:1436 According to the results of complex biopharmaceutical studies PDGA gel optimal composition has been proved. 28252436 11 67 theme expiration 1669:1678 arg1 date 1680:1683 expiration date 1669:1683 expiration date 1669:1683 The gel has a shelf life (determined expiration date) of 2 year. 28252436 6 68 theme anti-inflammatory 1224:1240 arg1 efficacy/activities 1260:1278 a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities 1144:1278 a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities 1144:1278 Contrary to polysaccharides this phenolic polymer of Comfrey appeared to have a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities. 28252436 8 69 theme gel 1443:1445 arg1 composition 1455:1465 PDGA gel optimal composition 1438:1465 PDGA gel optimal composition 1438:1465 According to the results of complex biopharmaceutical studies PDGA gel optimal composition has been proved. 28252436 6 70 theme Comfrey 1119:1125 arg1 polymer 1108:1114 this phenolic polymer 1094:1114 this phenolic polymer of Comfrey 1094:1125 Contrary to polysaccharides this phenolic polymer of Comfrey appeared to have a high immunomodulatory (anticomplement), antioxidative, antilipoperoxidantive, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing efficacy/activities. 28252436 1 71 theme medication 164:173 arg1 forms 175:179 medication forms 164:179 medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors 164:304 One of the most actual problems of pharmacy is the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors. 28252436 1 72 theme actual 114:119 arg1 problems 121:128 the most actual problems 105:128 the most actual problems of pharmacy 105:140 One of the most actual problems of pharmacy is the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors. 28252436 2 73 theme synthetic 440:448 arg1 drugs 450:454 synthetic drugs 440:454 synthetic drugs 440:454 The centuries-old practice of using phyto-preparations (herbal remedies) proved that they have fewer side effects in comparison with synthetic drugs. 28252436 0 74 theme GLYCERIC 78:85 arg1 GEL 93:95 THE POLY[3-(3,4-DIHYDROXYPHENYL)GLYCERIC ACID] GEL 46:95 THE POLY[3-(3,4-DIHYDROXYPHENYL)GLYCERIC ACID] GEL 46:95 DEVELOPMENT OF FORMULATION AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE POLY[3-(3,4-DIHYDROXYPHENYL)GLYCERIC ACID] GEL. 28252436 1 75 theme inflammatory 285:296 arg1 factors 298:304 inflammatory factors 285:304 inflammatory factors 285:304 One of the most actual problems of pharmacy is the development of medication forms for external application with complex effects on (gel, emplastro, aerosol, etc.) skin wounds, burns and inflammatory factors. 28252436 2 76 with comparison 424:433 arg1 drugs 450:454 synthetic drugs 440:454 synthetic drugs 440:454 The centuries-old practice of using phyto-preparations (herbal remedies) proved that they have fewer side effects in comparison with synthetic drugs. 28252436 5 77 theme comfrey 1021:1027 arg1 species 1029:1035 Caucasian comfrey species 1011:1035 Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum) 1011:1063 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 9 78 theme PDGA 1528:1531 arg1 gel 1533:1535 PDGA gel 1528:1535 PDGA gel 1528:1535 The technological scheme for preparation of PDGA gel has been developed. 28252436 5 79 theme Phenolic 763:770 arg1 acid 817:820 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] 763:821 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) 763:828 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 5 79 theme Phenolic 763:770 arg1 PDGA 824:827 PDGA 824:827 PDGA 824:827 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 5 80 attach isolated 974:981 arg2 ethylene 875:882 poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, 833:967 ethylene 875:882 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 5 80 attach isolated 974:981 arg2 PDGA 824:827 PDGA 824:827 PDGA 824:827 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 5 80 attach isolated 974:981 arg2 acid 817:820 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] 763:821 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) 763:828 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 5 80 attach isolated 974:981 arg1 stems 1002:1006 stems 1002:1006 stems 1002:1006 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 5 80 attach isolated 974:981 arg1 roots 992:996 roots 992:996 roots 992:996 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 11 81 theme a 1644:1644 arg1 life 1652:1655 a shelf life 1644:1655 a shelf life (determined expiration date) of 2 year 1644:1694 The gel has a shelf life (determined expiration date) of 2 year. 28252436 4 82 theme pharmacological 690:704 arg1 actions 706:712 the mentioned pharmacological actions 676:712 the mentioned pharmacological actions 676:712 Among the medicinal plants with the mentioned pharmacological actions, comfrey (Symphytum L.) should be distinguished. 28252436 5 83 theme dry 949:951 arg1 material 959:966 dry plant material 949:966 dry plant material 949:966 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 5 84 dep species 1029:1035 arg1 asperum 1041:1047 S. asperum 1038:1047 S. asperum 1038:1047 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 5 84 dep species 1029:1035 arg1 caucasicum 1053:1062 S. caucasicum 1050:1062 S. caucasicum 1050:1062 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 5 85 theme material 959:966 arg1 % 944:944 1.5-2.5% 937:944 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material 937:966 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 5 85 theme material 959:966 arg1 % 912:912 approximately 25% 896:912 approximately 25% of polysaccharides 896:931 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 5 85 theme material 959:966 arg1 material 959:966 dry plant material 949:966 dry plant material 949:966 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 5 85 theme material 959:966 arg1 polysaccharides 917:931 polysaccharides 917:931 polysaccharides 917:931 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 5 86 theme species 1029:1035 arg1 stems 1002:1006 stems 1002:1006 stems 1002:1006 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 5 86 theme species 1029:1035 arg1 roots 992:996 roots 992:996 roots 992:996 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 2 87 theme fewer 402:406 arg1 effects 413:419 fewer side effects 402:419 fewer side effects 402:419 The centuries-old practice of using phyto-preparations (herbal remedies) proved that they have fewer side effects in comparison with synthetic drugs. 28252436 3 88 theme healing 615:621 arg1 development 585:595 development 585:595 development of wound and burn healing modern dosage forms 585:641 Despite the wide application of herbal preparations, in the literature there is a little information about their application in development of wound and burn healing modern dosage forms. 28252436 5 89 dep roots 992:996 arg1 the 988:990 the 988:990 the 988:990 Phenolic polymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDGA) or poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], amounting approximately 25% of polysaccharides and 1.5-2.5% of dry plant material, were isolated from the roots and stems of Caucasian comfrey species (S. asperum, S. caucasicum). 28252436 3 90 theme wide 469:472 arg1 application 474:484 the wide application 465:484 the wide application of herbal preparations 465:507 Despite the wide application of herbal preparations, in the literature there is a little information about their application in development of wound and burn healing modern dosage forms. 28252436 3 91 dep wound 600:604 arg1 forms 637:641 modern dosage forms 623:641 modern dosage forms 623:641 Despite the wide application of herbal preparations, in the literature there is a little information about their application in development of wound and burn healing modern dosage forms. 26078040 7 0 theme Fab 1556:1558 arg1 domains 1560:1566 Fc and Fab domains 1549:1566 Fc and Fab domains 1549:1566 Using an on-column IdeS protease treatment, we further describe staged release of Fc and Fab domains, allowing for glycoprofiling of each domain. 26078040 3 1 theme high 690:693 arg1 requirement 702:712 the high sample requirement 686:712 the high sample requirement for most methods of glycan determination 686:753 Historically, glycoprofiling such antigen-specific antibodies in clinical samples has been challenging due to their low prevalence, the high sample requirement for most methods of glycan determination, and the lack of high-throughput purification methods. 26078040 2 2 theme antibodies 355:364 arg1 it 317:318 it 317:318 it 317:318 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 2 2 theme antibodies 355:364 arg1 state 341:345 the glycosylation state 323:345 the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination 323:551 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 7 3 theme Fc 1549:1550 arg1 domains 1560:1566 Fc and Fab domains 1549:1566 Fc and Fab domains 1549:1566 Using an on-column IdeS protease treatment, we further describe staged release of Fc and Fab domains, allowing for glycoprofiling of each domain. 26078040 2 4 theme antibody 161:168 arg1 compositions 180:191 antibody glycoform compositions 161:191 antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG 161:224 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 6 5 theme plasma 1342:1347 arg1 IgG 1349:1351 purified plasma IgG 1333:1351 purified plasma IgG 1333:1351 We demonstrate the utility of this method across multiple antibody sources, using both purified plasma IgG and plasma, and across multiple different antigen types, with enrichment factors greater than 1000-fold observed. 26078040 7 6 theme protease 1491:1498 arg1 treatment 1500:1508 an on-column IdeS protease treatment 1473:1508 an on-column IdeS protease treatment 1473:1508 Using an on-column IdeS protease treatment, we further describe staged release of Fc and Fab domains, allowing for glycoprofiling of each domain. 26078040 3 7 theme most 718:721 arg1 methods 723:729 most methods 718:729 most methods of glycan determination 718:753 Historically, glycoprofiling such antigen-specific antibodies in clinical samples has been challenging due to their low prevalence, the high sample requirement for most methods of glycan determination, and the lack of high-throughput purification methods. 26078040 2 8 theme conditions 291:300 arg1 variety 271:277 a variety 269:277 a variety of clinical conditions 269:300 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 2 8 theme conditions 291:300 arg1 conditions 291:300 clinical conditions 282:300 clinical conditions 282:300 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 4 9 theme higher 875:880 arg1 throughput 882:891 higher throughput 875:891 higher throughput 875:891 New methods of glycoprofiling with lower sample requirements and higher throughput have motivated the development of microscale and automatable methods for purification of antigen-specific antibodies from polyclonal sources such as clinical serum samples. 26078040 7 10 theme on-column 1476:1484 arg1 treatment 1500:1508 an on-column IdeS protease treatment 1473:1508 an on-column IdeS protease treatment 1473:1508 Using an on-column IdeS protease treatment, we further describe staged release of Fc and Fab domains, allowing for glycoprofiling of each domain. 26078040 4 11 theme methods 954:960 arg1 development 912:922 the development 908:922 the development of microscale and automatable methods 908:960 New methods of glycoprofiling with lower sample requirements and higher throughput have motivated the development of microscale and automatable methods for purification of antigen-specific antibodies from polyclonal sources such as clinical serum samples. 26078040 3 12 theme determination 741:753 arg1 methods 723:729 most methods 718:729 most methods of glycan determination 718:753 Historically, glycoprofiling such antigen-specific antibodies in clinical samples has been challenging due to their low prevalence, the high sample requirement for most methods of glycan determination, and the lack of high-throughput purification methods. 26078040 5 13 theme 96-well 1110:1116 arg1 method 1130:1135 a robot-compatible 96-well plate-based method 1091:1135 a robot-compatible 96-well plate-based method 1091:1135 In this work, we present a robot-compatible 96-well plate-based method for purification of antigen-specific antibodies, suitable for such population level glycosylation screening. 26078040 3 14 theme high-throughput 772:786 arg1 methods 801:807 high-throughput purification methods 772:807 high-throughput purification methods 772:807 Historically, glycoprofiling such antigen-specific antibodies in clinical samples has been challenging due to their low prevalence, the high sample requirement for most methods of glycan determination, and the lack of high-throughput purification methods. 26078040 6 15 theme different 1385:1393 arg1 types 1403:1407 multiple different antigen types 1376:1407 multiple different antigen types 1376:1407 We demonstrate the utility of this method across multiple antibody sources, using both purified plasma IgG and plasma, and across multiple different antigen types, with enrichment factors greater than 1000-fold observed. 26078040 6 16 theme multiple 1295:1302 arg1 sources 1313:1319 multiple antibody sources 1295:1319 multiple antibody sources 1295:1319 We demonstrate the utility of this method across multiple antibody sources, using both purified plasma IgG and plasma, and across multiple different antigen types, with enrichment factors greater than 1000-fold observed. 26078040 3 17 theme antigen-specific 588:603 arg1 antibodies 605:614 such antigen-specific antibodies 583:614 such antigen-specific antibodies 583:614 Historically, glycoprofiling such antigen-specific antibodies in clinical samples has been challenging due to their low prevalence, the high sample requirement for most methods of glycan determination, and the lack of high-throughput purification methods. 26078040 1 18 theme effector 122:129 arg1 function 131:138 antibody effector function 113:138 antibody effector function 113:138 Glycosylation of the Fc domain is an important driver of antibody effector function. 26078040 6 19 theme method 1281:1286 arg1 utility 1265:1271 the utility 1261:1271 the utility of this method across multiple antibody sources, using both purified plasma IgG and plasma, and across multiple different antigen types 1261:1407 We demonstrate the utility of this method across multiple antibody sources, using both purified plasma IgG and plasma, and across multiple different antigen types, with enrichment factors greater than 1000-fold observed. 26078040 2 20 theme effector 476:483 arg1 function 485:492 the potential effector function 462:492 the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination 462:551 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 4 21 with glycoprofiling 825:838 arg1 requirements 858:869 lower sample requirements 845:869 lower sample requirements 845:869 New methods of glycoprofiling with lower sample requirements and higher throughput have motivated the development of microscale and automatable methods for purification of antigen-specific antibodies from polyclonal sources such as clinical serum samples. 26078040 4 21 with glycoprofiling 825:838 arg1 throughput 882:891 higher throughput 875:891 higher throughput 875:891 New methods of glycoprofiling with lower sample requirements and higher throughput have motivated the development of microscale and automatable methods for purification of antigen-specific antibodies from polyclonal sources such as clinical serum samples. 26078040 2 22 theme potential 466:474 arg1 function 485:492 the potential effector function 462:492 the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination 462:551 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 6 23 dep sources 1313:1319 arg1 using 1322:1326 using 1322:1326 using both purified plasma IgG and plasma 1322:1362 We demonstrate the utility of this method across multiple antibody sources, using both purified plasma IgG and plasma, and across multiple different antigen types, with enrichment factors greater than 1000-fold observed. 26078040 4 24 theme antigen-specific 982:997 arg1 antibodies 999:1008 antigen-specific antibodies 982:1008 antigen-specific antibodies 982:1008 New methods of glycoprofiling with lower sample requirements and higher throughput have motivated the development of microscale and automatable methods for purification of antigen-specific antibodies from polyclonal sources such as clinical serum samples. 26078040 1 25 theme Fc 77:78 arg1 domain 80:85 the Fc domain 73:85 the Fc domain 73:85 Glycosylation of the Fc domain is an important driver of antibody effector function. 26078040 2 26 theme antibodies 497:506 arg1 function 485:492 the potential effector function 462:492 the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination 462:551 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 5 27 theme antigen-specific 1157:1172 arg1 antibodies 1174:1183 antigen-specific antibodies 1157:1183 antigen-specific antibodies 1157:1183 In this work, we present a robot-compatible 96-well plate-based method for purification of antigen-specific antibodies, suitable for such population level glycosylation screening. 26078040 2 28 theme or 393:394 arg1 set 396:398 a specific antigen or set 374:398 a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination 374:551 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 2 28 theme or 393:394 arg1 antigens 403:410 antigens 403:410 antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination 403:551 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 0 29 theme Microscale 0:9 arg1 purification 11:22 Microscale purification 0:22 Microscale purification of antigen-specific antibodies 0:53 Microscale purification of antigen-specific antibodies. 26078040 1 30 theme important 93:101 arg1 Glycosylation 56:68 Glycosylation 56:68 Glycosylation of the Fc domain 56:85 Glycosylation of the Fc domain is an important driver of antibody effector function. 26078040 1 30 theme important 93:101 arg1 driver 103:108 an important driver 90:108 an important driver of antibody effector function 90:138 Glycosylation of the Fc domain is an important driver of antibody effector function. 26078040 4 31 theme serum 1051:1055 arg1 samples 1057:1063 clinical serum samples 1042:1063 clinical serum samples 1042:1063 New methods of glycoprofiling with lower sample requirements and higher throughput have motivated the development of microscale and automatable methods for purification of antigen-specific antibodies from polyclonal sources such as clinical serum samples. 26078040 4 32 theme glycoprofiling 825:838 arg1 methods 814:820 New methods 810:820 New methods of glycoprofiling with lower sample requirements and higher throughput 810:891 New methods of glycoprofiling with lower sample requirements and higher throughput have motivated the development of microscale and automatable methods for purification of antigen-specific antibodies from polyclonal sources such as clinical serum samples. 26078040 0 33 theme antibodies 44:53 arg1 purification 11:22 Microscale purification 0:22 Microscale purification of antigen-specific antibodies 0:53 Microscale purification of antigen-specific antibodies. 26078040 5 34 theme population 1204:1213 arg1 screening 1235:1243 such population level glycosylation screening 1199:1243 such population level glycosylation screening 1199:1243 In this work, we present a robot-compatible 96-well plate-based method for purification of antigen-specific antibodies, suitable for such population level glycosylation screening. 26078040 3 35 theme methods 801:807 arg1 requirement 702:712 the high sample requirement 686:712 the high sample requirement for most methods of glycan determination 686:753 Historically, glycoprofiling such antigen-specific antibodies in clinical samples has been challenging due to their low prevalence, the high sample requirement for most methods of glycan determination, and the lack of high-throughput purification methods. 26078040 3 35 theme methods 801:807 arg1 prevalence 674:683 their low prevalence 664:683 their low prevalence 664:683 Historically, glycoprofiling such antigen-specific antibodies in clinical samples has been challenging due to their low prevalence, the high sample requirement for most methods of glycan determination, and the lack of high-throughput purification methods. 26078040 3 35 theme methods 801:807 arg1 lack 764:767 the lack 760:767 the lack of high-throughput purification methods 760:807 Historically, glycoprofiling such antigen-specific antibodies in clinical samples has been challenging due to their low prevalence, the high sample requirement for most methods of glycan determination, and the lack of high-throughput purification methods. 26078040 2 36 theme glycoform 170:178 arg1 compositions 180:191 antibody glycoform compositions 161:191 antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG 161:224 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 4 37 theme lower 845:849 arg1 requirements 858:869 lower sample requirements 845:869 lower sample requirements 845:869 New methods of glycoprofiling with lower sample requirements and higher throughput have motivated the development of microscale and automatable methods for purification of antigen-specific antibodies from polyclonal sources such as clinical serum samples. 26078040 2 38 theme only 350:353 arg1 antibodies 355:364 only antibodies 350:364 only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination 350:551 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 1 39 gly Glycosylation 56:68 arg1 domain 80:85 the Fc domain 73:85 the Fc domain 73:85 Glycosylation of the Fc domain is an important driver of antibody effector function. 26078040 5 40 theme glycosylation 1221:1233 arg1 screening 1235:1243 such population level glycosylation screening 1199:1243 such population level glycosylation screening 1199:1243 In this work, we present a robot-compatible 96-well plate-based method for purification of antigen-specific antibodies, suitable for such population level glycosylation screening. 26078040 2 41 gly glycosylation 327:339 arg1 antibodies 355:364 only antibodies 350:364 only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination 350:551 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 7 42 theme domains 1560:1566 arg1 release 1538:1544 staged release 1531:1544 staged release of Fc and Fab domains 1531:1566 Using an on-column IdeS protease treatment, we further describe staged release of Fc and Fab domains, allowing for glycoprofiling of each domain. 26078040 2 43 theme total 209:213 arg1 IgG 222:224 total plasma IgG 209:224 total plasma IgG 209:224 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 2 44 theme specific 376:383 arg1 set 396:398 a specific antigen or set 374:398 a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination 374:551 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 2 44 theme specific 376:383 arg1 antigens 403:410 antigens 403:410 antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination 403:551 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 4 45 from sources 1026:1032 arg1 purification 966:977 purification 966:977 purification of antigen-specific antibodies from polyclonal sources such as clinical serum samples 966:1063 New methods of glycoprofiling with lower sample requirements and higher throughput have motivated the development of microscale and automatable methods for purification of antigen-specific antibodies from polyclonal sources such as clinical serum samples. 26078040 2 46 from state 341:345 arg1 cases 311:315 many cases 306:315 many cases 306:315 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 3 47 theme sample 695:700 arg1 requirement 702:712 the high sample requirement 686:712 the high sample requirement for most methods of glycan determination 686:753 Historically, glycoprofiling such antigen-specific antibodies in clinical samples has been challenging due to their low prevalence, the high sample requirement for most methods of glycan determination, and the lack of high-throughput purification methods. 26078040 2 48 theme many 306:309 arg1 cases 311:315 many cases 306:315 many cases 306:315 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 7 49 theme staged 1531:1536 arg1 release 1538:1544 staged release 1531:1544 staged release of Fc and Fab domains 1531:1566 Using an on-column IdeS protease treatment, we further describe staged release of Fc and Fab domains, allowing for glycoprofiling of each domain. 26078040 3 50 theme glycan 734:739 arg1 determination 741:753 glycan determination 734:753 glycan determination 734:753 Historically, glycoprofiling such antigen-specific antibodies in clinical samples has been challenging due to their low prevalence, the high sample requirement for most methods of glycan determination, and the lack of high-throughput purification methods. 26078040 6 51 theme purified 1333:1340 arg1 IgG 1349:1351 purified plasma IgG 1333:1351 purified plasma IgG 1333:1351 We demonstrate the utility of this method across multiple antibody sources, using both purified plasma IgG and plasma, and across multiple different antigen types, with enrichment factors greater than 1000-fold observed. 26078040 4 52 theme sample 851:856 arg1 requirements 858:869 lower sample requirements 845:869 lower sample requirements 845:869 New methods of glycoprofiling with lower sample requirements and higher throughput have motivated the development of microscale and automatable methods for purification of antigen-specific antibodies from polyclonal sources such as clinical serum samples. 26078040 7 53 theme IdeS 1486:1489 arg1 treatment 1500:1508 an on-column IdeS protease treatment 1473:1508 an on-column IdeS protease treatment 1473:1508 Using an on-column IdeS protease treatment, we further describe staged release of Fc and Fab domains, allowing for glycoprofiling of each domain. 26078040 4 54 theme automatable 942:952 arg1 methods 954:960 microscale and automatable methods 927:960 microscale and automatable methods 927:960 New methods of glycoprofiling with lower sample requirements and higher throughput have motivated the development of microscale and automatable methods for purification of antigen-specific antibodies from polyclonal sources such as clinical serum samples. 26078040 6 55 theme antigen 1395:1401 arg1 types 1403:1407 multiple different antigen types 1376:1407 multiple different antigen types 1376:1407 We demonstrate the utility of this method across multiple antibody sources, using both purified plasma IgG and plasma, and across multiple different antigen types, with enrichment factors greater than 1000-fold observed. 26078040 5 56 theme plate-based 1118:1128 arg1 method 1130:1135 a robot-compatible 96-well plate-based method 1091:1135 a robot-compatible 96-well plate-based method 1091:1135 In this work, we present a robot-compatible 96-well plate-based method for purification of antigen-specific antibodies, suitable for such population level glycosylation screening. 26078040 6 57 theme antibody 1304:1311 arg1 sources 1313:1319 multiple antibody sources 1295:1319 multiple antibody sources 1295:1319 We demonstrate the utility of this method across multiple antibody sources, using both purified plasma IgG and plasma, and across multiple different antigen types, with enrichment factors greater than 1000-fold observed. 26078040 3 58 theme purification 788:799 arg1 methods 801:807 high-throughput purification methods 772:807 high-throughput purification methods 772:807 Historically, glycoprofiling such antigen-specific antibodies in clinical samples has been challenging due to their low prevalence, the high sample requirement for most methods of glycan determination, and the lack of high-throughput purification methods. 26078040 6 59 theme multiple 1376:1383 arg1 types 1403:1407 multiple different antigen types 1376:1407 multiple different antigen types 1376:1407 We demonstrate the utility of this method across multiple antibody sources, using both purified plasma IgG and plasma, and across multiple different antigen types, with enrichment factors greater than 1000-fold observed. 26078040 3 60 theme such 583:586 arg1 antibodies 605:614 such antigen-specific antibodies 583:614 such antigen-specific antibodies 583:614 Historically, glycoprofiling such antigen-specific antibodies in clinical samples has been challenging due to their low prevalence, the high sample requirement for most methods of glycan determination, and the lack of high-throughput purification methods. 26078040 1 61 theme antibody 113:120 arg1 function 131:138 antibody effector function 113:138 antibody effector function 113:138 Glycosylation of the Fc domain is an important driver of antibody effector function. 26078040 2 62 theme clinical 282:289 arg1 conditions 291:300 clinical conditions 282:300 clinical conditions 282:300 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 1 63 theme function 131:138 arg1 Glycosylation 56:68 Glycosylation 56:68 Glycosylation of the Fc domain 56:85 Glycosylation of the Fc domain is an important driver of antibody effector function. 26078040 1 63 theme function 131:138 arg1 driver 103:108 an important driver 90:108 an important driver of antibody effector function 90:138 Glycosylation of the Fc domain is an important driver of antibody effector function. 26078040 4 64 theme microscale 927:936 arg1 methods 954:960 microscale and automatable methods 927:960 microscale and automatable methods 927:960 New methods of glycoprofiling with lower sample requirements and higher throughput have motivated the development of microscale and automatable methods for purification of antigen-specific antibodies from polyclonal sources such as clinical serum samples. 26078040 5 65 theme robot-compatible 1093:1108 arg1 method 1130:1135 a robot-compatible 96-well plate-based method 1091:1135 a robot-compatible 96-well plate-based method 1091:1135 In this work, we present a robot-compatible 96-well plate-based method for purification of antigen-specific antibodies, suitable for such population level glycosylation screening. 26078040 3 66 theme clinical 619:626 arg1 samples 628:634 clinical samples 619:634 clinical samples 619:634 Historically, glycoprofiling such antigen-specific antibodies in clinical samples has been challenging due to their low prevalence, the high sample requirement for most methods of glycan determination, and the lack of high-throughput purification methods. 26078040 4 67 theme polyclonal 1015:1024 arg1 samples 1057:1063 clinical serum samples 1042:1063 clinical serum samples 1042:1063 New methods of glycoprofiling with lower sample requirements and higher throughput have motivated the development of microscale and automatable methods for purification of antigen-specific antibodies from polyclonal sources such as clinical serum samples. 26078040 4 67 theme polyclonal 1015:1024 arg1 sources 1026:1032 polyclonal sources 1015:1032 polyclonal sources such as clinical serum samples 1015:1063 New methods of glycoprofiling with lower sample requirements and higher throughput have motivated the development of microscale and automatable methods for purification of antigen-specific antibodies from polyclonal sources such as clinical serum samples. 26078040 5 68 theme suitable 1186:1193 arg1 method 1130:1135 a robot-compatible 96-well plate-based method 1091:1135 a robot-compatible 96-well plate-based method 1091:1135 In this work, we present a robot-compatible 96-well plate-based method for purification of antigen-specific antibodies, suitable for such population level glycosylation screening. 26078040 2 69 theme plasma 215:220 arg1 IgG 222:224 total plasma IgG 209:224 total plasma IgG 209:224 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 6 70 theme greater 1434:1440 arg1 factors 1426:1432 enrichment factors 1415:1432 enrichment factors greater than 1000-fold observed 1415:1464 We demonstrate the utility of this method across multiple antibody sources, using both purified plasma IgG and plasma, and across multiple different antigen types, with enrichment factors greater than 1000-fold observed. 26078040 5 71 theme such 1199:1202 arg1 screening 1235:1243 such population level glycosylation screening 1199:1243 such population level glycosylation screening 1199:1243 In this work, we present a robot-compatible 96-well plate-based method for purification of antigen-specific antibodies, suitable for such population level glycosylation screening. 26078040 6 72 theme enrichment 1415:1424 arg1 factors 1426:1432 enrichment factors 1415:1432 enrichment factors greater than 1000-fold observed 1415:1464 We demonstrate the utility of this method across multiple antibody sources, using both purified plasma IgG and plasma, and across multiple different antigen types, with enrichment factors greater than 1000-fold observed. 26078040 1 73 theme domain 80:85 arg1 driver 103:108 an important driver 90:108 an important driver of antibody effector function 90:138 Glycosylation of the Fc domain is an important driver of antibody effector function. 26078040 1 73 theme domain 80:85 arg1 Glycosylation 56:68 Glycosylation 56:68 Glycosylation of the Fc domain 56:85 Glycosylation of the Fc domain is an important driver of antibody effector function. 26078040 4 74 theme antibodies 999:1008 arg1 purification 966:977 purification 966:977 purification of antigen-specific antibodies from polyclonal sources such as clinical serum samples 966:1063 New methods of glycoprofiling with lower sample requirements and higher throughput have motivated the development of microscale and automatable methods for purification of antigen-specific antibodies from polyclonal sources such as clinical serum samples. 26078040 5 75 theme antibodies 1174:1183 arg1 purification 1141:1152 purification 1141:1152 purification of antigen-specific antibodies 1141:1183 In this work, we present a robot-compatible 96-well plate-based method for purification of antigen-specific antibodies, suitable for such population level glycosylation screening. 26078040 2 76 theme antigen 385:391 arg1 set 396:398 a specific antigen or set 374:398 a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination 374:551 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 2 76 theme antigen 385:391 arg1 antigens 403:410 antigens 403:410 antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination 403:551 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 0 77 theme antigen-specific 27:42 arg1 antibodies 44:53 antigen-specific antibodies 27:53 antigen-specific antibodies 27:53 Microscale purification of antigen-specific antibodies. 26078040 5 78 attach present 1083:1089 arg2 we 1080:1081 we 1080:1081 we 1080:1081 In this work, we present a robot-compatible 96-well plate-based method for purification of antigen-specific antibodies, suitable for such population level glycosylation screening. 26078040 5 78 attach present 1083:1089 arg1 work 1074:1077 this work 1069:1077 this work 1069:1077 In this work, we present a robot-compatible 96-well plate-based method for purification of antigen-specific antibodies, suitable for such population level glycosylation screening. 26078040 7 79 theme domain 1605:1610 arg1 glycoprofiling 1582:1595 glycoprofiling 1582:1595 glycoprofiling of each domain 1582:1610 Using an on-column IdeS protease treatment, we further describe staged release of Fc and Fab domains, allowing for glycoprofiling of each domain. 26078040 4 80 theme clinical 1042:1049 arg1 samples 1057:1063 clinical serum samples 1042:1063 clinical serum samples 1042:1063 New methods of glycoprofiling with lower sample requirements and higher throughput have motivated the development of microscale and automatable methods for purification of antigen-specific antibodies from polyclonal sources such as clinical serum samples. 26078040 2 81 theme compositions 180:191 arg1 assessment 147:156 assessment 147:156 assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG 147:224 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 2 82 theme antigens 403:410 arg1 set 396:398 a specific antigen or set 374:398 a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination 374:551 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 2 82 theme antigens 403:410 arg1 antigens 403:410 antigens 403:410 antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination 403:551 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 5 83 theme level 1215:1219 arg1 screening 1235:1243 such population level glycosylation screening 1199:1243 such population level glycosylation screening 1199:1243 In this work, we present a robot-compatible 96-well plate-based method for purification of antigen-specific antibodies, suitable for such population level glycosylation screening. 26078040 3 84 theme low 670:672 arg1 prevalence 674:683 their low prevalence 664:683 their low prevalence 664:683 Historically, glycoprofiling such antigen-specific antibodies in clinical samples has been challenging due to their low prevalence, the high sample requirement for most methods of glycan determination, and the lack of high-throughput purification methods. 26078040 2 85 theme glycosylation 327:339 arg1 it 317:318 it 317:318 it 317:318 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 2 85 theme glycosylation 327:339 arg1 state 341:345 the glycosylation state 323:345 the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination 323:551 While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. 26078040 4 86 theme New 810:812 arg1 methods 814:820 New methods 810:820 New methods of glycoprofiling with lower sample requirements and higher throughput 810:891 New methods of glycoprofiling with lower sample requirements and higher throughput have motivated the development of microscale and automatable methods for purification of antigen-specific antibodies from polyclonal sources such as clinical serum samples. 28765708 7 0 theme antitumor 1131:1139 arg1 efficacy 1153:1160 the antitumor therapeutic efficacy 1127:1160 the antitumor therapeutic efficacy with less toxicity in 4T1 tumor bearing mice 1127:1205 An in vivo study demonstrated that FA-ACGs-NSps more effectively accumulated in tumors and enhanced the antitumor therapeutic efficacy with less toxicity in 4T1 tumor bearing mice. 28765708 1 1 theme derived 159:165 arg1 products 175:182 fatty acid derived natural products 148:182 fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the Annonaceae species 148:240 Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) are a large family of fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the Annonaceae species. 28765708 4 2 theme folic 595:599 arg1 acid 601:604 folic acid 595:604 folic acid (FA) 595:609 In this study, β-cyclodextrin was modified with folic acid (FA) and then combined with soybean lecithin to prepare FA-modified ACGs nanosuspensions (FA-ACGs-NSps). 28765708 4 2 theme folic 595:599 arg1 FA 607:608 FA 607:608 FA 607:608 In this study, β-cyclodextrin was modified with folic acid (FA) and then combined with soybean lecithin to prepare FA-modified ACGs nanosuspensions (FA-ACGs-NSps). 28765708 5 3 theme % 769:769 arg1 size 792:795 average particle size 775:795 average particle size of 199.5 nm 775:807 The obtained FA-ACGs-NSps had a high drug payload of 57.59% and average particle size of 199.5 nm, and they exhibited sustained drug release within 142 hours. 28765708 5 3 theme % 769:769 arg1 payload 753:759 a high drug payload 741:759 a high drug payload of 57.59% 741:769 The obtained FA-ACGs-NSps had a high drug payload of 57.59% and average particle size of 199.5 nm, and they exhibited sustained drug release within 142 hours. 28765708 7 4 theme therapeutic 1141:1151 arg1 efficacy 1153:1160 the antitumor therapeutic efficacy 1127:1160 the antitumor therapeutic efficacy with less toxicity in 4T1 tumor bearing mice 1127:1205 An in vivo study demonstrated that FA-ACGs-NSps more effectively accumulated in tumors and enhanced the antitumor therapeutic efficacy with less toxicity in 4T1 tumor bearing mice. 28765708 1 5 theme natural 167:173 arg1 products 175:182 fatty acid derived natural products 148:182 fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the Annonaceae species 148:240 Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) are a large family of fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the Annonaceae species. 28765708 6 6 theme receptor-positive 993:1009 arg1 lines 1020:1024 folate receptor-positive 4T1 cell lines 986:1024 folate receptor-positive 4T1 cell lines 986:1024 In comparison with ACGs-NSps, FA-ACGs-NSps showed significantly enhanced cytotoxicity and higher cell uptake toward folate receptor-positive 4T1 cell lines. 28765708 7 7 dep in 1030:1031 arg1 vivo 1033:1036 vivo 1033:1036 vivo 1033:1036 An in vivo study demonstrated that FA-ACGs-NSps more effectively accumulated in tumors and enhanced the antitumor therapeutic efficacy with less toxicity in 4T1 tumor bearing mice. 28765708 5 8 theme particle 783:790 arg1 size 792:795 average particle size 775:795 average particle size of 199.5 nm 775:807 The obtained FA-ACGs-NSps had a high drug payload of 57.59% and average particle size of 199.5 nm, and they exhibited sustained drug release within 142 hours. 28765708 6 9 theme folate 986:991 arg1 lines 1020:1024 folate receptor-positive 4T1 cell lines 986:1024 folate receptor-positive 4T1 cell lines 986:1024 In comparison with ACGs-NSps, FA-ACGs-NSps showed significantly enhanced cytotoxicity and higher cell uptake toward folate receptor-positive 4T1 cell lines. 28765708 8 10 theme clinical 1341:1348 arg1 application 1350:1360 clinical application 1341:1360 clinical application to treat folate-positive tumors 1341:1392 Therefore, FA-ACGs-NSps may be a promising drug delivery system for ACGs to improve their therapeutic window and may be suitable for clinical application to treat folate-positive tumors. 28765708 2 11 theme broad 286:290 arg1 spectrum 292:299 a broad spectrum 284:299 a broad spectrum of biological activities, the most impressive of which is anticancer activity 284:377 Many members of this diverse family have a broad spectrum of biological activities, the most impressive of which is anticancer activity. 28765708 5 12 theme drug 839:842 arg1 release 844:850 sustained drug release 829:850 sustained drug release 829:850 The obtained FA-ACGs-NSps had a high drug payload of 57.59% and average particle size of 199.5 nm, and they exhibited sustained drug release within 142 hours. 28765708 5 13 theme high 743:746 arg1 payload 753:759 a high drug payload 741:759 a high drug payload of 57.59% 741:769 The obtained FA-ACGs-NSps had a high drug payload of 57.59% and average particle size of 199.5 nm, and they exhibited sustained drug release within 142 hours. 28765708 1 14 theme Annonaceous 95:105 arg1 family 138:143 a large family 130:143 a large family of fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the Annonaceae species 130:240 Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) are a large family of fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the Annonaceae species. 28765708 1 14 theme Annonaceous 95:105 arg1 ACGs 120:123 ACGs 120:123 ACGs 120:123 Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) are a large family of fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the Annonaceae species. 28765708 1 14 theme Annonaceous 95:105 arg1 acetogenins 107:117 Annonaceous acetogenins 95:117 Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) 95:124 Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) are a large family of fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the Annonaceae species. 28765708 1 15 theme products 175:182 arg1 family 138:143 a large family 130:143 a large family of fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the Annonaceae species 130:240 Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) are a large family of fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the Annonaceae species. 28765708 1 15 theme products 175:182 arg1 acetogenins 107:117 Annonaceous acetogenins 95:117 Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) 95:124 Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) are a large family of fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the Annonaceae species. 28765708 5 16 theme drug 748:751 arg1 payload 753:759 a high drug payload 741:759 a high drug payload of 57.59% 741:769 The obtained FA-ACGs-NSps had a high drug payload of 57.59% and average particle size of 199.5 nm, and they exhibited sustained drug release within 142 hours. 28765708 6 17 theme 4T1 1011:1013 arg1 lines 1020:1024 folate receptor-positive 4T1 cell lines 986:1024 folate receptor-positive 4T1 cell lines 986:1024 In comparison with ACGs-NSps, FA-ACGs-NSps showed significantly enhanced cytotoxicity and higher cell uptake toward folate receptor-positive 4T1 cell lines. 28765708 7 18 theme bearing 1194:1200 arg1 mice 1202:1205 4T1 tumor bearing mice 1184:1205 4T1 tumor bearing mice 1184:1205 An in vivo study demonstrated that FA-ACGs-NSps more effectively accumulated in tumors and enhanced the antitumor therapeutic efficacy with less toxicity in 4T1 tumor bearing mice. 28765708 3 19 theme clinical 446:453 arg1 application 455:465 their clinical application 440:465 their clinical application 440:465 However, their poor solubility and severe toxicity restrict their clinical application, and their complicated composition hinders their formulation and drug delivery. 28765708 7 20 theme tumor 1188:1192 arg1 mice 1202:1205 4T1 tumor bearing mice 1184:1205 4T1 tumor bearing mice 1184:1205 An in vivo study demonstrated that FA-ACGs-NSps more effectively accumulated in tumors and enhanced the antitumor therapeutic efficacy with less toxicity in 4T1 tumor bearing mice. 28765708 5 21 contain had 737:739 arg2 size 792:795 average particle size 775:795 average particle size of 199.5 nm 775:807 The obtained FA-ACGs-NSps had a high drug payload of 57.59% and average particle size of 199.5 nm, and they exhibited sustained drug release within 142 hours. 28765708 5 21 contain had 737:739 arg2 payload 753:759 a high drug payload 741:759 a high drug payload of 57.59% 741:769 The obtained FA-ACGs-NSps had a high drug payload of 57.59% and average particle size of 199.5 nm, and they exhibited sustained drug release within 142 hours. 28765708 5 21 contain had 737:739 arg1 FA-ACGs-NSps 724:735 The obtained FA-ACGs-NSps 711:735 The obtained FA-ACGs-NSps 711:735 The obtained FA-ACGs-NSps had a high drug payload of 57.59% and average particle size of 199.5 nm, and they exhibited sustained drug release within 142 hours. 28765708 1 22 dep derived 159:165 arg1 acid 154:157 fatty acid 148:157 fatty acid 148:157 Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) are a large family of fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the Annonaceae species. 28765708 4 23 theme ACGs 674:677 arg1 FA-ACGs-NSps 696:707 FA-ACGs-NSps 696:707 FA-ACGs-NSps 696:707 In this study, β-cyclodextrin was modified with folic acid (FA) and then combined with soybean lecithin to prepare FA-modified ACGs nanosuspensions (FA-ACGs-NSps). 28765708 4 23 theme ACGs 674:677 arg1 nanosuspensions 679:693 FA-modified ACGs nanosuspensions 662:693 FA-modified ACGs nanosuspensions (FA-ACGs-NSps) 662:708 In this study, β-cyclodextrin was modified with folic acid (FA) and then combined with soybean lecithin to prepare FA-modified ACGs nanosuspensions (FA-ACGs-NSps). 28765708 0 24 theme Folate-modified 0:14 arg1 Annonaceous 16:26 Folate-modified Annonaceous 0:26 Folate-modified Annonaceous 0:26 Folate-modified Annonaceous acetogenins nanosuspensions and their improved antitumor efficacy. 28765708 2 25 contain have 279:282 arg1 members 248:254 Many members 243:254 Many members of this diverse family 243:277 Many members of this diverse family have a broad spectrum of biological activities, the most impressive of which is anticancer activity. 28765708 2 25 contain have 279:282 arg2 spectrum 292:299 a broad spectrum 284:299 a broad spectrum of biological activities, the most impressive of which is anticancer activity 284:377 Many members of this diverse family have a broad spectrum of biological activities, the most impressive of which is anticancer activity. 28765708 8 26 theme drug 1251:1254 arg1 system 1265:1270 a promising drug delivery system 1239:1270 a promising drug delivery system for ACGs to improve their therapeutic window 1239:1315 Therefore, FA-ACGs-NSps may be a promising drug delivery system for ACGs to improve their therapeutic window and may be suitable for clinical application to treat folate-positive tumors. 28765708 8 26 theme drug 1251:1254 arg1 FA-ACGs-NSps 1219:1230 FA-ACGs-NSps 1219:1230 FA-ACGs-NSps 1219:1230 Therefore, FA-ACGs-NSps may be a promising drug delivery system for ACGs to improve their therapeutic window and may be suitable for clinical application to treat folate-positive tumors. 28765708 2 27 theme activities 315:324 arg1 impressive 336:345 impressive 336:345 impressive 336:345 Many members of this diverse family have a broad spectrum of biological activities, the most impressive of which is anticancer activity. 28765708 2 27 theme activities 315:324 arg1 spectrum 292:299 a broad spectrum 284:299 a broad spectrum of biological activities, the most impressive of which is anticancer activity 284:377 Many members of this diverse family have a broad spectrum of biological activities, the most impressive of which is anticancer activity. 28765708 2 27 theme activities 315:324 arg1 activity 370:377 anticancer activity 359:377 anticancer activity 359:377 Many members of this diverse family have a broad spectrum of biological activities, the most impressive of which is anticancer activity. 28765708 4 28 theme FA-modified 662:672 arg1 FA-ACGs-NSps 696:707 FA-ACGs-NSps 696:707 FA-ACGs-NSps 696:707 In this study, β-cyclodextrin was modified with folic acid (FA) and then combined with soybean lecithin to prepare FA-modified ACGs nanosuspensions (FA-ACGs-NSps). 28765708 4 28 theme FA-modified 662:672 arg1 nanosuspensions 679:693 FA-modified ACGs nanosuspensions 662:693 FA-modified ACGs nanosuspensions (FA-ACGs-NSps) 662:708 In this study, β-cyclodextrin was modified with folic acid (FA) and then combined with soybean lecithin to prepare FA-modified ACGs nanosuspensions (FA-ACGs-NSps). 28765708 5 29 theme nm 806:807 arg1 size 792:795 average particle size 775:795 average particle size of 199.5 nm 775:807 The obtained FA-ACGs-NSps had a high drug payload of 57.59% and average particle size of 199.5 nm, and they exhibited sustained drug release within 142 hours. 28765708 5 29 theme nm 806:807 arg1 payload 753:759 a high drug payload 741:759 a high drug payload of 57.59% 741:769 The obtained FA-ACGs-NSps had a high drug payload of 57.59% and average particle size of 199.5 nm, and they exhibited sustained drug release within 142 hours. 28765708 6 30 theme cell 967:970 arg1 uptake 972:977 higher cell uptake 960:977 higher cell uptake 960:977 In comparison with ACGs-NSps, FA-ACGs-NSps showed significantly enhanced cytotoxicity and higher cell uptake toward folate receptor-positive 4T1 cell lines. 28765708 1 31 link derived 159:165 arg1 products 175:182 fatty acid derived natural products 148:182 fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the Annonaceae species 148:240 Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) are a large family of fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the Annonaceae species. 28765708 2 32 theme biological 304:313 arg1 activities 315:324 biological activities 304:324 biological activities 304:324 Many members of this diverse family have a broad spectrum of biological activities, the most impressive of which is anticancer activity. 28765708 7 33 theme 4T1 1184:1186 arg1 mice 1202:1205 4T1 tumor bearing mice 1184:1205 4T1 tumor bearing mice 1184:1205 An in vivo study demonstrated that FA-ACGs-NSps more effectively accumulated in tumors and enhanced the antitumor therapeutic efficacy with less toxicity in 4T1 tumor bearing mice. 28765708 6 34 theme higher 960:965 arg1 uptake 972:977 higher cell uptake 960:977 higher cell uptake 960:977 In comparison with ACGs-NSps, FA-ACGs-NSps showed significantly enhanced cytotoxicity and higher cell uptake toward folate receptor-positive 4T1 cell lines. 28765708 7 35 with efficacy 1153:1160 arg1 toxicity 1172:1179 less toxicity 1167:1179 less toxicity 1167:1179 An in vivo study demonstrated that FA-ACGs-NSps more effectively accumulated in tumors and enhanced the antitumor therapeutic efficacy with less toxicity in 4T1 tumor bearing mice. 28765708 1 36 theme fatty 148:152 arg1 acid 154:157 fatty acid 148:157 fatty acid 148:157 Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) are a large family of fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the Annonaceae species. 28765708 7 37 theme less 1167:1170 arg1 toxicity 1172:1179 less toxicity 1167:1179 less toxicity 1167:1179 An in vivo study demonstrated that FA-ACGs-NSps more effectively accumulated in tumors and enhanced the antitumor therapeutic efficacy with less toxicity in 4T1 tumor bearing mice. 28765708 5 38 theme obtained 715:722 arg1 FA-ACGs-NSps 724:735 The obtained FA-ACGs-NSps 711:735 The obtained FA-ACGs-NSps 711:735 The obtained FA-ACGs-NSps had a high drug payload of 57.59% and average particle size of 199.5 nm, and they exhibited sustained drug release within 142 hours. 28765708 8 39 theme delivery 1256:1263 arg1 system 1265:1270 a promising drug delivery system 1239:1270 a promising drug delivery system for ACGs to improve their therapeutic window 1239:1315 Therefore, FA-ACGs-NSps may be a promising drug delivery system for ACGs to improve their therapeutic window and may be suitable for clinical application to treat folate-positive tumors. 28765708 8 39 theme delivery 1256:1263 arg1 FA-ACGs-NSps 1219:1230 FA-ACGs-NSps 1219:1230 FA-ACGs-NSps 1219:1230 Therefore, FA-ACGs-NSps may be a promising drug delivery system for ACGs to improve their therapeutic window and may be suitable for clinical application to treat folate-positive tumors. 28765708 3 40 theme severe 415:420 arg1 toxicity 422:429 severe toxicity 415:429 severe toxicity 415:429 However, their poor solubility and severe toxicity restrict their clinical application, and their complicated composition hinders their formulation and drug delivery. 28765708 4 41 mod modified 581:588 arg1 β-cyclodextrin 562:575 β-cyclodextrin 562:575 β-cyclodextrin 562:575 In this study, β-cyclodextrin was modified with folic acid (FA) and then combined with soybean lecithin to prepare FA-modified ACGs nanosuspensions (FA-ACGs-NSps). 28765708 4 41 mod modified 581:588 arg3 acid 601:604 folic acid 595:604 folic acid (FA) 595:609 In this study, β-cyclodextrin was modified with folic acid (FA) and then combined with soybean lecithin to prepare FA-modified ACGs nanosuspensions (FA-ACGs-NSps). 28765708 4 41 mod modified 581:588 arg3 FA 607:608 FA 607:608 FA 607:608 In this study, β-cyclodextrin was modified with folic acid (FA) and then combined with soybean lecithin to prepare FA-modified ACGs nanosuspensions (FA-ACGs-NSps). 28765708 2 42 theme Many 243:246 arg1 members 248:254 Many members 243:254 Many members of this diverse family 243:277 Many members of this diverse family have a broad spectrum of biological activities, the most impressive of which is anticancer activity. 28765708 5 43 theme sustained 829:837 arg1 release 844:850 sustained drug release 829:850 sustained drug release 829:850 The obtained FA-ACGs-NSps had a high drug payload of 57.59% and average particle size of 199.5 nm, and they exhibited sustained drug release within 142 hours. 28765708 1 44 theme Annonaceae 223:232 arg1 species 234:240 the Annonaceae species 219:240 the Annonaceae species 219:240 Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) are a large family of fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the Annonaceae species. 28765708 0 45 theme antitumor 75:83 arg1 efficacy 85:92 their improved antitumor efficacy 60:92 their improved antitumor efficacy 60:92 Folate-modified Annonaceous acetogenins nanosuspensions and their improved antitumor efficacy. 28765708 6 46 theme enhanced 934:941 arg1 cytotoxicity 943:954 significantly enhanced cytotoxicity 920:954 significantly enhanced cytotoxicity 920:954 In comparison with ACGs-NSps, FA-ACGs-NSps showed significantly enhanced cytotoxicity and higher cell uptake toward folate receptor-positive 4T1 cell lines. 28765708 8 47 theme folate-positive 1371:1385 arg1 tumors 1387:1392 folate-positive tumors 1371:1392 folate-positive tumors 1371:1392 Therefore, FA-ACGs-NSps may be a promising drug delivery system for ACGs to improve their therapeutic window and may be suitable for clinical application to treat folate-positive tumors. 28765708 8 48 theme therapeutic 1298:1308 arg1 window 1310:1315 their therapeutic window 1292:1315 their therapeutic window 1292:1315 Therefore, FA-ACGs-NSps may be a promising drug delivery system for ACGs to improve their therapeutic window and may be suitable for clinical application to treat folate-positive tumors. 28765708 0 49 theme improved 66:73 arg1 efficacy 85:92 their improved antitumor efficacy 60:92 their improved antitumor efficacy 60:92 Folate-modified Annonaceous acetogenins nanosuspensions and their improved antitumor efficacy. 28765708 1 50 theme large 132:136 arg1 family 138:143 a large family 130:143 a large family of fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the Annonaceae species 130:240 Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) are a large family of fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the Annonaceae species. 28765708 1 50 theme large 132:136 arg1 acetogenins 107:117 Annonaceous acetogenins 95:117 Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) 95:124 Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) are a large family of fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the Annonaceae species. 28765708 7 51 theme in 1030:1031 arg1 study 1038:1042 An in vivo study 1027:1042 An in vivo study 1027:1042 An in vivo study demonstrated that FA-ACGs-NSps more effectively accumulated in tumors and enhanced the antitumor therapeutic efficacy with less toxicity in 4T1 tumor bearing mice. 28765708 1 52 attach isolated 205:212 arg2 products 175:182 fatty acid derived natural products 148:182 fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the Annonaceae species 148:240 Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) are a large family of fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the Annonaceae species. 28765708 1 52 attach isolated 205:212 arg1 species 234:240 the Annonaceae species 219:240 the Annonaceae species 219:240 Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) are a large family of fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the Annonaceae species. 28765708 2 53 theme family 272:277 arg1 members 248:254 Many members 243:254 Many members of this diverse family 243:277 Many members of this diverse family have a broad spectrum of biological activities, the most impressive of which is anticancer activity. 28765708 3 54 theme complicated 478:488 arg1 composition 490:500 their complicated composition 472:500 their complicated composition 472:500 However, their poor solubility and severe toxicity restrict their clinical application, and their complicated composition hinders their formulation and drug delivery. 28765708 2 55 theme diverse 264:270 arg1 family 272:277 this diverse family 259:277 this diverse family 259:277 Many members of this diverse family have a broad spectrum of biological activities, the most impressive of which is anticancer activity. 28765708 6 56 with comparison 873:882 arg1 ACGs-NSps 889:897 ACGs-NSps 889:897 ACGs-NSps 889:897 In comparison with ACGs-NSps, FA-ACGs-NSps showed significantly enhanced cytotoxicity and higher cell uptake toward folate receptor-positive 4T1 cell lines. 28765708 4 57 theme soybean 634:640 arg1 lecithin 642:649 soybean lecithin 634:649 soybean lecithin 634:649 In this study, β-cyclodextrin was modified with folic acid (FA) and then combined with soybean lecithin to prepare FA-modified ACGs nanosuspensions (FA-ACGs-NSps). 28765708 3 58 theme drug 532:535 arg1 delivery 537:544 drug delivery 532:544 drug delivery 532:544 However, their poor solubility and severe toxicity restrict their clinical application, and their complicated composition hinders their formulation and drug delivery. 28765708 8 59 theme promising 1241:1249 arg1 system 1265:1270 a promising drug delivery system 1239:1270 a promising drug delivery system for ACGs to improve their therapeutic window 1239:1315 Therefore, FA-ACGs-NSps may be a promising drug delivery system for ACGs to improve their therapeutic window and may be suitable for clinical application to treat folate-positive tumors. 28765708 8 59 theme promising 1241:1249 arg1 FA-ACGs-NSps 1219:1230 FA-ACGs-NSps 1219:1230 FA-ACGs-NSps 1219:1230 Therefore, FA-ACGs-NSps may be a promising drug delivery system for ACGs to improve their therapeutic window and may be suitable for clinical application to treat folate-positive tumors. 28765708 3 60 theme poor 395:398 arg1 solubility 400:409 their poor solubility 389:409 their poor solubility 389:409 However, their poor solubility and severe toxicity restrict their clinical application, and their complicated composition hinders their formulation and drug delivery. 28765708 7 61 from efficacy 1153:1160 arg1 mice 1202:1205 4T1 tumor bearing mice 1184:1205 4T1 tumor bearing mice 1184:1205 An in vivo study demonstrated that FA-ACGs-NSps more effectively accumulated in tumors and enhanced the antitumor therapeutic efficacy with less toxicity in 4T1 tumor bearing mice. 28765708 5 62 theme average 775:781 arg1 size 792:795 average particle size 775:795 average particle size of 199.5 nm 775:807 The obtained FA-ACGs-NSps had a high drug payload of 57.59% and average particle size of 199.5 nm, and they exhibited sustained drug release within 142 hours. 28765708 2 63 theme anticancer 359:368 arg1 impressive 336:345 impressive 336:345 impressive 336:345 Many members of this diverse family have a broad spectrum of biological activities, the most impressive of which is anticancer activity. 28765708 2 63 theme anticancer 359:368 arg1 activity 370:377 anticancer activity 359:377 anticancer activity 359:377 Many members of this diverse family have a broad spectrum of biological activities, the most impressive of which is anticancer activity. 28765708 6 64 theme cell 1015:1018 arg1 lines 1020:1024 folate receptor-positive 4T1 cell lines 986:1024 folate receptor-positive 4T1 cell lines 986:1024 In comparison with ACGs-NSps, FA-ACGs-NSps showed significantly enhanced cytotoxicity and higher cell uptake toward folate receptor-positive 4T1 cell lines. 25100188 7 0 theme G+C 1022:1024 arg1 % 1081:1081 45.4 mol% 1073:1081 45.4 mol% 1073:1081 The DNA G+C content of strain C-89(T) was determined to be 45.4 mol%. 25100188 7 0 theme G+C 1022:1024 arg1 content 1026:1032 The DNA G+C content 1014:1032 The DNA G+C content of strain C-89(T) 1014:1050 The DNA G+C content of strain C-89(T) was determined to be 45.4 mol%. 25100188 2 1 theme Gram-stain 110:119 arg1 bacterium 202:210 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium 108:210 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium 108:210 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium, designated as C-89(T), was isolated from a paddy field soil in Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China. 25100188 9 2 dep results 1248:1254 arg1 the 1190:1192 the 1190:1192 the 1190:1192 Therefore, on the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic results, strain C-89(T) can be considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus haikouensis sp. 25100188 9 2 dep results 1248:1254 arg1 basis 1194:1198 basis 1194:1198 basis 1194:1198 Therefore, on the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic results, strain C-89(T) can be considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus haikouensis sp. 25100188 4 3 theme polar 569:573 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 627:648 diphosphatidylglycerol 627:648 diphosphatidylglycerol 627:648 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 3 theme polar 569:573 arg1 phospholipids 688:700 two unknown phospholipids 676:700 two unknown phospholipids 676:700 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 3 theme polar 569:573 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 601:624 phosphatidylethanolamine 601:624 phosphatidylethanolamine 601:624 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 3 theme polar 569:573 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 651:670 phosphatidylglycerol 651:670 phosphatidylglycerol 651:670 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 3 theme polar 569:573 arg1 lipids 575:580 the major cellular polar lipids 550:580 the major cellular polar lipids 550:580 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 6 4 theme closest 814:820 arg1 11545 951:955 Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545 928:955 Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) 928:966 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 4 theme closest 814:820 arg1 relatives 835:843 the closest phylogenetic relatives 810:843 the closest phylogenetic relatives 810:843 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 4 theme closest 814:820 arg1 11544 996:1000 Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544 972:1000 Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%) 972:1011 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 4 theme closest 814:820 arg1 11124 890:894 Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124 864:894 Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity) 864:925 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 4 5 theme cellular 560:567 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 627:648 diphosphatidylglycerol 627:648 diphosphatidylglycerol 627:648 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 5 theme cellular 560:567 arg1 phospholipids 688:700 two unknown phospholipids 676:700 two unknown phospholipids 676:700 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 5 theme cellular 560:567 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 601:624 phosphatidylethanolamine 601:624 phosphatidylethanolamine 601:624 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 5 theme cellular 560:567 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 651:670 phosphatidylglycerol 651:670 phosphatidylglycerol 651:670 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 5 theme cellular 560:567 arg1 lipids 575:580 the major cellular polar lipids 550:580 the major cellular polar lipids 550:580 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 6 theme fatty 482:486 arg1 iso-C 533:537 iso-C 533:537 iso-C(15:0) 533:543 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 6 theme fatty 482:486 arg1 anteiso-C 513:521 anteiso-C 513:521 anteiso-C(15:0) 513:527 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 6 theme fatty 482:486 arg1 acids 488:492 the major cellular fatty acids 463:492 the major cellular fatty acids 463:492 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 7 theme predominant 415:425 arg1 MK-7 457:460 MK-7 457:460 MK-7 457:460 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 7 theme predominant 415:425 arg1 menaquinone 427:437 The predominant menaquinone 411:437 The predominant menaquinone 411:437 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 9 8 theme name 1360:1363 arg1 sp 1386:1387 name Bacillus haikouensis sp 1360:1387 the name Bacillus haikouensis sp 1356:1387 Therefore, on the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic results, strain C-89(T) can be considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus haikouensis sp. 25100188 3 9 dep NaCl 399:402 arg1 the 380:382 the 380:382 the 380:382 Optimal growth was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 in the presence of 4% NaCl (w/v). 25100188 3 9 dep NaCl 399:402 arg1 presence 384:391 presence 384:391 presence 384:391 Optimal growth was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 in the presence of 4% NaCl (w/v). 25100188 7 10 theme DNA 1018:1020 arg1 % 1081:1081 45.4 mol% 1073:1081 45.4 mol% 1073:1081 The DNA G+C content of strain C-89(T) was determined to be 45.4 mol%. 25100188 7 10 theme DNA 1018:1020 arg1 content 1026:1032 The DNA G+C content 1014:1032 The DNA G+C content of strain C-89(T) 1014:1050 The DNA G+C content of strain C-89(T) was determined to be 45.4 mol%. 25100188 2 11 theme endospore-forming 143:159 arg1 bacterium 202:210 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium 108:210 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium 108:210 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium, designated as C-89(T), was isolated from a paddy field soil in Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China. 25100188 2 12 theme field 262:266 arg1 soil 268:271 a paddy field soil 254:271 a paddy field soil in Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China 254:326 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium, designated as C-89(T), was isolated from a paddy field soil in Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China. 25100188 2 13 dep Republic 310:317 arg1 Province 291:298 Province 291:298 Province 291:298 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium, designated as C-89(T), was isolated from a paddy field soil in Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China. 25100188 2 13 dep Republic 310:317 arg1 Hainan 284:289 Hainan 284:289 Hainan 284:289 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium, designated as C-89(T), was isolated from a paddy field soil in Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China. 25100188 6 14 theme sequence 789:796 arg1 similarity 798:807 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 775:807 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 775:807 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 9 15 theme haikouensis 1374:1384 arg1 sp 1386:1387 name Bacillus haikouensis sp 1360:1387 the name Bacillus haikouensis sp 1356:1387 Therefore, on the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic results, strain C-89(T) can be considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus haikouensis sp. 25100188 6 16 theme Bacillus 928:935 arg1 11545 951:955 Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545 928:955 Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) 928:966 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 16 theme Bacillus 928:935 arg1 relatives 835:843 the closest phylogenetic relatives 810:843 the closest phylogenetic relatives 810:843 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 16 theme Bacillus 928:935 arg1 % 965:965 98.6% 961:965 98.6% 961:965 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 16 theme Bacillus 928:935 arg1 T 957:957 T 957:957 T 957:957 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 2 17 theme paddy 256:260 arg1 soil 268:271 a paddy field soil 254:271 a paddy field soil in Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China 254:326 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium, designated as C-89(T), was isolated from a paddy field soil in Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China. 25100188 2 18 theme rod-shaped 131:140 arg1 bacterium 202:210 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium 108:210 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium 108:210 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium, designated as C-89(T), was isolated from a paddy field soil in Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China. 25100188 8 19 theme C-89 1125:1128 arg1 values 1108:1113 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 1084:1113 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain C-89(T) with its closest relatives 1084:1158 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain C-89(T) with its closest relatives were below 18%. 25100188 0 20 theme haikouensis 9:19 arg1 sp 21:22 Bacillus haikouensis sp 0:22 Bacillus haikouensis sp. 0:23 Bacillus haikouensis sp. 25100188 6 21 theme rRNA 779:782 arg1 similarity 798:807 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 775:807 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 775:807 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 11 22 theme = 1452:1452 arg1 C-89 1428:1431 C-89 1428:1431 C-89(T) (=KCTC 33545(T) = CCTCC AB 2014076(T)) 1428:1473 The type strain is C-89(T) (=KCTC 33545(T) = CCTCC AB 2014076(T)). 25100188 11 22 theme = 1452:1452 arg1 T 1471:1471 =KCTC 33545(T) = CCTCC AB 2014076(T) 1437:1472 =KCTC 33545(T) = CCTCC AB 2014076(T) 1437:1472 The type strain is C-89(T) (=KCTC 33545(T) = CCTCC AB 2014076(T)). 25100188 9 23 theme phylogenetic 1203:1214 arg1 results 1248:1254 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic results 1203:1254 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic results 1203:1254 Therefore, on the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic results, strain C-89(T) can be considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus haikouensis sp. 25100188 0 24 theme Bacillus 0:7 arg1 sp 21:22 Bacillus haikouensis sp 0:22 Bacillus haikouensis sp. 0:23 Bacillus haikouensis sp. 25100188 8 25 theme DNA-DNA 1088:1094 arg1 values 1108:1113 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 1084:1113 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain C-89(T) with its closest relatives 1084:1158 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain C-89(T) with its closest relatives were below 18%. 25100188 11 26 theme type 1413:1416 arg1 C-89 1428:1431 C-89 1428:1431 C-89(T) (=KCTC 33545(T) = CCTCC AB 2014076(T)) 1428:1473 The type strain is C-89(T) (=KCTC 33545(T) = CCTCC AB 2014076(T)). 25100188 11 26 theme type 1413:1416 arg1 strain 1418:1423 The type strain 1409:1423 The type strain 1409:1423 The type strain is C-89(T) (=KCTC 33545(T) = CCTCC AB 2014076(T)). 25100188 8 27 with values 1108:1113 arg1 relatives 1150:1158 its closest relatives 1138:1158 its closest relatives 1138:1158 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain C-89(T) with its closest relatives were below 18%. 25100188 6 28 theme JCM 947:949 arg1 11545 951:955 Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545 928:955 Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) 928:966 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 28 theme JCM 947:949 arg1 relatives 835:843 the closest phylogenetic relatives 810:843 the closest phylogenetic relatives 810:843 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 28 theme JCM 947:949 arg1 % 965:965 98.6% 961:965 98.6% 961:965 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 28 theme JCM 947:949 arg1 T 957:957 T 957:957 T 957:957 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 3 29 theme Optimal 329:335 arg1 growth 337:342 Optimal growth 329:342 Optimal growth 329:342 Optimal growth was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 in the presence of 4% NaCl (w/v). 25100188 6 30 theme JCM 886:888 arg1 relatives 835:843 the closest phylogenetic relatives 810:843 the closest phylogenetic relatives 810:843 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 30 theme JCM 886:888 arg1 similarity 915:924 98.8% sequence similarity 900:924 98.8% sequence similarity 900:924 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 30 theme JCM 886:888 arg1 T 896:896 T 896:896 T 896:896 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 30 theme JCM 886:888 arg1 11124 890:894 Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124 864:894 Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity) 864:925 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 1 31 theme paddy 96:100 arg1 soil 102:105 a paddy soil 94:105 a paddy soil 94:105 nov., a facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium isolated from a paddy soil. 25100188 9 32 theme novel 1305:1309 arg1 species 1311:1317 a novel species 1303:1317 a novel species 1303:1317 Therefore, on the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic results, strain C-89(T) can be considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus haikouensis sp. 25100188 3 33 theme 4 396:396 arg1 % 397:397 % 397:397 % 397:397 Optimal growth was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 in the presence of 4% NaCl (w/v). 25100188 4 34 theme cellular 473:480 arg1 iso-C 533:537 iso-C 533:537 iso-C(15:0) 533:543 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 34 theme cellular 473:480 arg1 anteiso-C 513:521 anteiso-C 513:521 anteiso-C(15:0) 513:527 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 34 theme cellular 473:480 arg1 acids 488:492 the major cellular fatty acids 463:492 the major cellular fatty acids 463:492 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 35 theme unknown 680:686 arg1 phospholipids 688:700 two unknown phospholipids 676:700 two unknown phospholipids 676:700 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 35 theme unknown 680:686 arg1 lipids 575:580 the major cellular polar lipids 550:580 the major cellular polar lipids 550:580 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 2 36 theme halotolerant 189:200 arg1 bacterium 202:210 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium 108:210 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium 108:210 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium, designated as C-89(T), was isolated from a paddy field soil in Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China. 25100188 6 37 theme JCM 992:994 arg1 relatives 835:843 the closest phylogenetic relatives 810:843 the closest phylogenetic relatives 810:843 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 37 theme JCM 992:994 arg1 T 1002:1002 T 1002:1002 T 1002:1002 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 37 theme JCM 992:994 arg1 11544 996:1000 Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544 972:1000 Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%) 972:1011 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 37 theme JCM 992:994 arg1 % 1010:1010 98.5% 1006:1010 98.5% 1006:1010 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 3 38 theme % 397:397 arg1 w/v 405:407 w/v 405:407 w/v 405:407 Optimal growth was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 in the presence of 4% NaCl (w/v). 25100188 3 38 theme % 397:397 arg1 NaCl 399:402 4% NaCl 396:402 4% NaCl (w/v) 396:408 Optimal growth was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 in the presence of 4% NaCl (w/v). 25100188 4 39 theme major 467:471 arg1 iso-C 533:537 iso-C 533:537 iso-C(15:0) 533:543 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 39 theme major 467:471 arg1 anteiso-C 513:521 anteiso-C 513:521 anteiso-C(15:0) 513:527 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 39 theme major 467:471 arg1 acids 488:492 the major cellular fatty acids 463:492 the major cellular fatty acids 463:492 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 1 40 theme halotolerant 57:68 arg1 bacterium 70:78 a facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium 31:78 a facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium 31:78 nov., a facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium isolated from a paddy soil. 25100188 1 40 theme halotolerant 57:68 arg1 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov., a facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium isolated from a paddy soil. 25100188 2 41 theme anaerobic 179:187 arg1 bacterium 202:210 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium 108:210 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium 108:210 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium, designated as C-89(T), was isolated from a paddy field soil in Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China. 25100188 6 42 theme Bacillus 864:871 arg1 relatives 835:843 the closest phylogenetic relatives 810:843 the closest phylogenetic relatives 810:843 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 42 theme Bacillus 864:871 arg1 similarity 915:924 98.8% sequence similarity 900:924 98.8% sequence similarity 900:924 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 42 theme Bacillus 864:871 arg1 T 896:896 T 896:896 T 896:896 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 42 theme Bacillus 864:871 arg1 11124 890:894 Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124 864:894 Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity) 864:925 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 9 43 dep genus 1330:1334 arg1 Bacillus 1336:1343 the genus Bacillus 1326:1343 the genus Bacillus 1326:1343 Therefore, on the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic results, strain C-89(T) can be considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus haikouensis sp. 25100188 8 44 theme closest 1142:1148 arg1 relatives 1150:1158 its closest relatives 1138:1158 its closest relatives 1138:1158 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain C-89(T) with its closest relatives were below 18%. 25100188 8 45 theme relatedness 1096:1106 arg1 values 1108:1113 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 1084:1113 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain C-89(T) with its closest relatives 1084:1158 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain C-89(T) with its closest relatives were below 18%. 25100188 7 46 theme mol 1078:1080 arg1 % 1081:1081 45.4 mol% 1073:1081 45.4 mol% 1073:1081 The DNA G+C content of strain C-89(T) was determined to be 45.4 mol%. 25100188 7 46 theme mol 1078:1080 arg1 content 1026:1032 The DNA G+C content 1014:1032 The DNA G+C content of strain C-89(T) 1014:1050 The DNA G+C content of strain C-89(T) was determined to be 45.4 mol%. 25100188 8 47 theme strain 1118:1123 arg1 C-89 1125:1128 strain C-89 1118:1128 strain C-89(T) 1118:1131 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain C-89(T) with its closest relatives were below 18%. 25100188 8 47 theme strain 1118:1123 arg1 T 1130:1130 T 1130:1130 T 1130:1130 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain C-89(T) with its closest relatives were below 18%. 25100188 11 48 theme CCTCC 1454:1458 arg1 C-89 1428:1431 C-89 1428:1431 C-89(T) (=KCTC 33545(T) = CCTCC AB 2014076(T)) 1428:1473 The type strain is C-89(T) (=KCTC 33545(T) = CCTCC AB 2014076(T)). 25100188 11 48 theme CCTCC 1454:1458 arg1 T 1471:1471 =KCTC 33545(T) = CCTCC AB 2014076(T) 1437:1472 =KCTC 33545(T) = CCTCC AB 2014076(T) 1437:1472 The type strain is C-89(T) (=KCTC 33545(T) = CCTCC AB 2014076(T)). 25100188 6 49 theme 16S 775:777 arg1 similarity 798:807 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 775:807 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 775:807 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 50 theme gene 784:787 arg1 similarity 798:807 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 775:807 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 775:807 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 51 theme marisflavi 981:990 arg1 relatives 835:843 the closest phylogenetic relatives 810:843 the closest phylogenetic relatives 810:843 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 51 theme marisflavi 981:990 arg1 T 1002:1002 T 1002:1002 T 1002:1002 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 51 theme marisflavi 981:990 arg1 11544 996:1000 Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544 972:1000 Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%) 972:1011 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 51 theme marisflavi 981:990 arg1 % 1010:1010 98.5% 1006:1010 98.5% 1006:1010 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 5 52 theme peptidoglycan 707:719 arg1 type 721:724 The peptidoglycan type 703:724 The peptidoglycan type 703:724 The peptidoglycan type was determined to be based on meso-DAP. 25100188 11 53 theme AB 1460:1461 arg1 C-89 1428:1431 C-89 1428:1431 C-89(T) (=KCTC 33545(T) = CCTCC AB 2014076(T)) 1428:1473 The type strain is C-89(T) (=KCTC 33545(T) = CCTCC AB 2014076(T)). 25100188 11 53 theme AB 1460:1461 arg1 T 1471:1471 =KCTC 33545(T) = CCTCC AB 2014076(T) 1437:1472 =KCTC 33545(T) = CCTCC AB 2014076(T) 1437:1472 The type strain is C-89(T) (=KCTC 33545(T) = CCTCC AB 2014076(T)). 25100188 6 54 theme phylogenetic 822:833 arg1 11545 951:955 Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545 928:955 Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) 928:966 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 54 theme phylogenetic 822:833 arg1 relatives 835:843 the closest phylogenetic relatives 810:843 the closest phylogenetic relatives 810:843 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 54 theme phylogenetic 822:833 arg1 11544 996:1000 Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544 972:1000 Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%) 972:1011 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 54 theme phylogenetic 822:833 arg1 11124 890:894 Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124 864:894 Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity) 864:925 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 3 55 located observed 348:355 arg1 pH 370:371 pH 7.0 370:375 pH 7.0 370:375 Optimal growth was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 in the presence of 4% NaCl (w/v). 25100188 3 55 located observed 348:355 arg1 °C 363:364 37 °C 360:364 37 °C 360:364 Optimal growth was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 in the presence of 4% NaCl (w/v). 25100188 3 55 located observed 348:355 arg2 growth 337:342 Optimal growth 329:342 Optimal growth 329:342 Optimal growth was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 in the presence of 4% NaCl (w/v). 25100188 9 56 theme Bacillus 1365:1372 arg1 sp 1386:1387 name Bacillus haikouensis sp 1360:1387 the name Bacillus haikouensis sp 1356:1387 Therefore, on the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic results, strain C-89(T) can be considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus haikouensis sp. 25100188 6 57 theme Bacillus 972:979 arg1 relatives 835:843 the closest phylogenetic relatives 810:843 the closest phylogenetic relatives 810:843 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 57 theme Bacillus 972:979 arg1 T 1002:1002 T 1002:1002 T 1002:1002 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 57 theme Bacillus 972:979 arg1 11544 996:1000 Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544 972:1000 Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%) 972:1011 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 57 theme Bacillus 972:979 arg1 % 1010:1010 98.5% 1006:1010 98.5% 1006:1010 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 58 dep Bacillus 864:871 arg1 vietnamensis 873:884 vietnamensis 873:884 vietnamensis 873:884 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 9 59 theme phenotypic 1237:1246 arg1 results 1248:1254 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic results 1203:1254 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic results 1203:1254 Therefore, on the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic results, strain C-89(T) can be considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus haikouensis sp. 25100188 2 60 attach isolated 240:247 arg1 soil 268:271 a paddy field soil 254:271 a paddy field soil in Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China 254:326 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium, designated as C-89(T), was isolated from a paddy field soil in Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China. 25100188 2 60 attach isolated 240:247 arg2 bacterium 202:210 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium 108:210 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium 108:210 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium, designated as C-89(T), was isolated from a paddy field soil in Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China. 25100188 1 61 theme anaerobic 47:55 arg1 bacterium 70:78 a facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium 31:78 a facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium 31:78 nov., a facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium isolated from a paddy soil. 25100188 1 61 theme anaerobic 47:55 arg1 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov., a facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium isolated from a paddy soil. 25100188 9 62 theme strain 1257:1262 arg1 T 1269:1269 T 1269:1269 T 1269:1269 Therefore, on the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic results, strain C-89(T) can be considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus haikouensis sp. 25100188 9 62 theme strain 1257:1262 arg1 C-89 1264:1267 strain C-89 1257:1267 strain C-89(T) 1257:1270 Therefore, on the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic results, strain C-89(T) can be considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus haikouensis sp. 25100188 2 63 from soil 268:271 arg1 Republic 310:317 Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic 276:317 Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China 276:326 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium, designated as C-89(T), was isolated from a paddy field soil in Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China. 25100188 6 64 theme sequence 906:913 arg1 11124 890:894 Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124 864:894 Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity) 864:925 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 64 theme sequence 906:913 arg1 similarity 915:924 98.8% sequence similarity 900:924 98.8% sequence similarity 900:924 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 9 65 theme chemotaxonomic 1217:1230 arg1 results 1248:1254 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic results 1203:1254 phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic results 1203:1254 Therefore, on the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic results, strain C-89(T) can be considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus haikouensis sp. 25100188 6 66 theme aquimaris 937:945 arg1 11545 951:955 Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545 928:955 Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) 928:966 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 66 theme aquimaris 937:945 arg1 relatives 835:843 the closest phylogenetic relatives 810:843 the closest phylogenetic relatives 810:843 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 66 theme aquimaris 937:945 arg1 % 965:965 98.6% 961:965 98.6% 961:965 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 66 theme aquimaris 937:945 arg1 T 957:957 T 957:957 T 957:957 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 4 67 theme major 554:558 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 627:648 diphosphatidylglycerol 627:648 diphosphatidylglycerol 627:648 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 67 theme major 554:558 arg1 phospholipids 688:700 two unknown phospholipids 676:700 two unknown phospholipids 676:700 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 67 theme major 554:558 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 601:624 phosphatidylethanolamine 601:624 phosphatidylethanolamine 601:624 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 67 theme major 554:558 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 651:670 phosphatidylglycerol 651:670 phosphatidylglycerol 651:670 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 4 67 theme major 554:558 arg1 lipids 575:580 the major cellular polar lipids 550:580 the major cellular polar lipids 550:580 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(15:0), and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. 25100188 6 68 theme % 904:904 arg1 11124 890:894 Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124 864:894 Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity) 864:925 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 6 68 theme % 904:904 arg1 similarity 915:924 98.8% sequence similarity 900:924 98.8% sequence similarity 900:924 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 25100188 7 69 theme strain 1037:1042 arg1 T 1049:1049 T 1049:1049 T 1049:1049 The DNA G+C content of strain C-89(T) was determined to be 45.4 mol%. 25100188 7 69 theme strain 1037:1042 arg1 C-89 1044:1047 strain C-89 1037:1047 strain C-89(T) 1037:1050 The DNA G+C content of strain C-89(T) was determined to be 45.4 mol%. 25100188 2 70 theme positive 121:128 arg1 bacterium 202:210 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium 108:210 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium 108:210 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium, designated as C-89(T), was isolated from a paddy field soil in Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China. 25100188 2 71 theme China 322:326 arg1 Republic 310:317 Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic 276:317 Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China 276:326 A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium, designated as C-89(T), was isolated from a paddy field soil in Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China. 25100188 7 72 theme C-89 1044:1047 arg1 % 1081:1081 45.4 mol% 1073:1081 45.4 mol% 1073:1081 The DNA G+C content of strain C-89(T) was determined to be 45.4 mol%. 25100188 7 72 theme C-89 1044:1047 arg1 content 1026:1032 The DNA G+C content 1014:1032 The DNA G+C content of strain C-89(T) 1014:1050 The DNA G+C content of strain C-89(T) was determined to be 45.4 mol%. 25100188 6 73 theme 98.8 900:903 arg1 % 904:904 % 904:904 % 904:904 Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) (98.8% sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545(T) (98.6%) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544(T) (98.5%). 24886274 6 0 theme raft 1423:1426 arg1 coalescence 1402:1412 coalescence 1402:1412 coalescence of lipid raft 1402:1426 In contrast, strain M lacks the ability to induce ROS because of: 1) a reduced phagocytosis and 2) a failure in coalescence of lipid raft. 24886274 8 1 theme immune 1680:1685 arg1 responses 1687:1695 Innate immune responses 1673:1695 Innate immune responses elicited by Mtb strain-to-strain variations 1673:1739 Innate immune responses elicited by Mtb strain-to-strain variations need to be considered in TB vaccine development. 24886274 2 2 theme Mediterranean 684:696 arg1 Latin-American 669:682 Latin-American Mediterranean 669:696 Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM) 669:702 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 2 2 theme Mediterranean 684:696 arg1 LAM 699:701 LAM 699:701 LAM 699:701 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 4 3 dep RESULTS 972:978 arg1 Dectin-1 980:987 Dectin-1 980:987 Dectin-1 980:987 RESULTS Dectin-1 and TLR2 participate in Mtb-induced ROS generation and apoptosis in PMN involving p38 MAPK and Syk activation with the participation of a TLR2-dependent coalescence of lipid rafts. 24886274 4 3 dep RESULTS 972:978 arg1 RESULTS 972:978 RESULTS 972:978 RESULTS Dectin-1 and TLR2 972:996 RESULTS Dectin-1 and TLR2 participate in Mtb-induced ROS generation and apoptosis in PMN involving p38 MAPK and Syk activation with the participation of a TLR2-dependent coalescence of lipid rafts. 24886274 4 3 dep RESULTS 972:978 arg1 TLR2 993:996 TLR2 993:996 TLR2 993:996 RESULTS Dectin-1 and TLR2 participate in Mtb-induced ROS generation and apoptosis in PMN involving p38 MAPK and Syk activation with the participation of a TLR2-dependent coalescence of lipid rafts. 24886274 2 4 theme previous 459:466 arg1 study 468:472 a previous study 457:472 a previous study 457:472 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 7 5 theme ROS 1588:1590 arg1 inhibition 1560:1569 inhibition 1560:1569 inhibition of apoptosis and ROS 1560:1590 CONCLUSIONS The differences in wall composition could explain the success of some strains which stay unnoticed by the host through inhibition of apoptosis and ROS but making possible its replication inside PMN as a potential evasion mechanism. 24886274 2 6 theme families 625:632 arg1 representative 592:605 representative 592:605 representative 592:605 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 4 7 theme ROS 1025:1027 arg1 generation 1029:1038 Mtb-induced ROS generation 1013:1038 Mtb-induced ROS generation 1013:1038 RESULTS Dectin-1 and TLR2 participate in Mtb-induced ROS generation and apoptosis in PMN involving p38 MAPK and Syk activation with the participation of a TLR2-dependent coalescence of lipid rafts. 24886274 7 8 from differences 1445:1455 arg1 composition 1465:1475 wall composition 1460:1475 wall composition 1460:1475 CONCLUSIONS The differences in wall composition could explain the success of some strains which stay unnoticed by the host through inhibition of apoptosis and ROS but making possible its replication inside PMN as a potential evasion mechanism. 24886274 1 9 theme preformed 322:330 arg1 oxidants 332:339 preformed oxidants 322:339 preformed oxidants 322:339 BACKGROUND Neutrophils (PMN) are the first cells to infiltrate the lung after infection, and they play a significant protective role in the elimination of pathogen, by releasing preformed oxidants and proteolytic enzymes from granules and generating ROS, thus limiting inflammation by succumbing to apoptosis. 24886274 2 10 theme Mtb 621:623 arg1 families 625:632 widespread Mtb families 610:632 widespread Mtb families in South America 610:649 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 4 11 theme Mtb-induced 1013:1023 arg1 generation 1029:1038 Mtb-induced ROS generation 1013:1038 Mtb-induced ROS generation 1013:1038 RESULTS Dectin-1 and TLR2 participate in Mtb-induced ROS generation and apoptosis in PMN involving p38 MAPK and Syk activation with the participation of a TLR2-dependent coalescence of lipid rafts. 24886274 7 12 dep CONCLUSIONS 1429:1439 arg1 explain 1483:1489 explain 1483:1489 could explain the success of some strains which stay unnoticed by the host through inhibition of apoptosis and ROS but making possible its replication inside PMN as a potential evasion mechanism 1477:1670 CONCLUSIONS The differences in wall composition could explain the success of some strains which stay unnoticed by the host through inhibition of apoptosis and ROS but making possible its replication inside PMN as a potential evasion mechanism. 24886274 0 13 theme lipid 113:117 arg1 rafts 119:123 lipid rafts 113:123 lipid rafts 113:123 Outbreaks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MDR strains differentially induce neutrophil respiratory burst involving lipid rafts, p38 MAPK and Syk. 24886274 4 14 theme TLR2-dependent 1127:1140 arg1 coalescence 1142:1152 a TLR2-dependent coalescence 1125:1152 a TLR2-dependent coalescence of lipid rafts 1125:1167 RESULTS Dectin-1 and TLR2 participate in Mtb-induced ROS generation and apoptosis in PMN involving p38 MAPK and Syk activation with the participation of a TLR2-dependent coalescence of lipid rafts. 24886274 2 15 theme widespread 610:619 arg1 families 625:632 widespread Mtb families 610:632 widespread Mtb families in South America 610:649 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 4 16 theme MAPK 1075:1078 arg1 activation 1088:1097 p38 MAPK and Syk activation 1071:1097 p38 MAPK and Syk activation 1071:1097 RESULTS Dectin-1 and TLR2 participate in Mtb-induced ROS generation and apoptosis in PMN involving p38 MAPK and Syk activation with the participation of a TLR2-dependent coalescence of lipid rafts. 24886274 4 17 theme Syk 1084:1086 arg1 activation 1088:1097 p38 MAPK and Syk activation 1071:1097 p38 MAPK and Syk activation 1071:1097 RESULTS Dectin-1 and TLR2 participate in Mtb-induced ROS generation and apoptosis in PMN involving p38 MAPK and Syk activation with the participation of a TLR2-dependent coalescence of lipid rafts. 24886274 7 18 theme possible 1603:1610 arg1 mechanism 1662:1670 a potential evasion mechanism 1642:1670 a potential evasion mechanism 1642:1670 CONCLUSIONS The differences in wall composition could explain the success of some strains which stay unnoticed by the host through inhibition of apoptosis and ROS but making possible its replication inside PMN as a potential evasion mechanism. 24886274 7 18 theme possible 1603:1610 arg1 PMN 1635:1637 possible its replication inside PMN 1603:1637 possible its replication inside PMN 1603:1637 CONCLUSIONS The differences in wall composition could explain the success of some strains which stay unnoticed by the host through inhibition of apoptosis and ROS but making possible its replication inside PMN as a potential evasion mechanism. 24886274 0 19 theme p38 126:128 arg1 MAPK 130:133 p38 MAPK 126:133 p38 MAPK 126:133 Outbreaks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MDR strains differentially induce neutrophil respiratory burst involving lipid rafts, p38 MAPK and Syk. 24886274 2 20 theme representative 592:605 arg1 Ra 588:589 Ra 588:589 Ra 588:589 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 2 20 theme representative 592:605 arg1 M 582:582 M 582:582 M 582:582 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 2 20 theme representative 592:605 arg1 strains 573:579 two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains 536:579 two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains 536:579 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 3 21 theme Mtb 959:961 arg1 strains 963:969 Mtb strains 959:969 Mtb strains 959:969 METHODS In this study we evaluate the nature of bacteria-PMN interaction by assessing ROS production, apoptosis, lipid raft coalescence, and phagocytosis induced by Mtb strains. 24886274 8 22 theme strain-to-strain 1713:1728 arg1 variations 1730:1739 Mtb strain-to-strain variations 1709:1739 Mtb strain-to-strain variations 1709:1739 Innate immune responses elicited by Mtb strain-to-strain variations need to be considered in TB vaccine development. 24886274 2 23 theme strain 711:716 arg1 M 718:718 strain M 711:718 strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively 711:791 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 1 24 from granules 370:377 arg1 oxidants 332:339 preformed oxidants 322:339 preformed oxidants 322:339 BACKGROUND Neutrophils (PMN) are the first cells to infiltrate the lung after infection, and they play a significant protective role in the elimination of pathogen, by releasing preformed oxidants and proteolytic enzymes from granules and generating ROS, thus limiting inflammation by succumbing to apoptosis. 24886274 1 24 from granules 370:377 arg1 enzymes 357:363 proteolytic enzymes 345:363 proteolytic enzymes 345:363 BACKGROUND Neutrophils (PMN) are the first cells to infiltrate the lung after infection, and they play a significant protective role in the elimination of pathogen, by releasing preformed oxidants and proteolytic enzymes from granules and generating ROS, thus limiting inflammation by succumbing to apoptosis. 24886274 1 25 theme proteolytic 345:355 arg1 enzymes 357:363 proteolytic enzymes 345:363 proteolytic enzymes 345:363 BACKGROUND Neutrophils (PMN) are the first cells to infiltrate the lung after infection, and they play a significant protective role in the elimination of pathogen, by releasing preformed oxidants and proteolytic enzymes from granules and generating ROS, thus limiting inflammation by succumbing to apoptosis. 24886274 8 26 theme TB 1766:1767 arg1 development 1777:1787 TB vaccine development 1766:1787 TB vaccine development 1766:1787 Innate immune responses elicited by Mtb strain-to-strain variations need to be considered in TB vaccine development. 24886274 3 27 theme bacteria-PMN 842:853 arg1 interaction 855:865 bacteria-PMN interaction 842:865 bacteria-PMN interaction 842:865 METHODS In this study we evaluate the nature of bacteria-PMN interaction by assessing ROS production, apoptosis, lipid raft coalescence, and phagocytosis induced by Mtb strains. 24886274 2 28 theme marked 484:489 arg1 differences 491:501 marked differences 484:501 marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America 484:649 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 4 29 theme rafts 1163:1167 arg1 coalescence 1142:1152 a TLR2-dependent coalescence 1125:1152 a TLR2-dependent coalescence of lipid rafts 1125:1167 RESULTS Dectin-1 and TLR2 participate in Mtb-induced ROS generation and apoptosis in PMN involving p38 MAPK and Syk activation with the participation of a TLR2-dependent coalescence of lipid rafts. 24886274 3 30 theme interaction 855:865 arg1 nature 832:837 the nature 828:837 the nature of bacteria-PMN interaction 828:865 METHODS In this study we evaluate the nature of bacteria-PMN interaction by assessing ROS production, apoptosis, lipid raft coalescence, and phagocytosis induced by Mtb strains. 24886274 4 31 theme coalescence 1142:1152 arg1 participation 1108:1120 the participation 1104:1120 the participation of a TLR2-dependent coalescence of lipid rafts 1104:1167 RESULTS Dectin-1 and TLR2 participate in Mtb-induced ROS generation and apoptosis in PMN involving p38 MAPK and Syk activation with the participation of a TLR2-dependent coalescence of lipid rafts. 24886274 1 32 theme significant 249:259 arg1 role 272:275 a significant protective role 247:275 a significant protective role 247:275 BACKGROUND Neutrophils (PMN) are the first cells to infiltrate the lung after infection, and they play a significant protective role in the elimination of pathogen, by releasing preformed oxidants and proteolytic enzymes from granules and generating ROS, thus limiting inflammation by succumbing to apoptosis. 24886274 3 33 dep METHODS 794:800 arg1 study 810:814 this study 805:814 this study 805:814 METHODS In this study we evaluate the nature of bacteria-PMN interaction by assessing ROS production, apoptosis, lipid raft coalescence, and phagocytosis induced by Mtb strains. 24886274 5 34 from α-glucans 1264:1272 arg1 capsule 1281:1287 the capsule 1277:1287 the capsule 1277:1287 Further, ROS production occurs during the phagocytosis of non-opsonized bacteria and involves α-glucans on the capsule. 24886274 2 35 theme further 737:743 arg1 resistance 750:759 further drug resistance 737:759 further drug resistance 737:759 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 1 36 theme first 181:185 arg1 cells 187:191 the first cells 177:191 the first cells 177:191 BACKGROUND Neutrophils (PMN) are the first cells to infiltrate the lung after infection, and they play a significant protective role in the elimination of pathogen, by releasing preformed oxidants and proteolytic enzymes from granules and generating ROS, thus limiting inflammation by succumbing to apoptosis. 24886274 6 37 theme reduced 1361:1367 arg1 phagocytosis 1369:1380 a reduced phagocytosis 1359:1380 : 1) a reduced phagocytosis 1354:1380 In contrast, strain M lacks the ability to induce ROS because of: 1) a reduced phagocytosis and 2) a failure in coalescence of lipid raft. 24886274 1 38 theme protective 261:270 arg1 role 272:275 a significant protective role 247:275 a significant protective role 247:275 BACKGROUND Neutrophils (PMN) are the first cells to infiltrate the lung after infection, and they play a significant protective role in the elimination of pathogen, by releasing preformed oxidants and proteolytic enzymes from granules and generating ROS, thus limiting inflammation by succumbing to apoptosis. 24886274 6 39 theme strain 1303:1308 arg1 M 1310:1310 strain M 1303:1310 strain M 1303:1310 In contrast, strain M lacks the ability to induce ROS because of: 1) a reduced phagocytosis and 2) a failure in coalescence of lipid raft. 24886274 8 40 theme vaccine 1769:1775 arg1 development 1777:1787 TB vaccine development 1766:1787 TB vaccine development 1766:1787 Innate immune responses elicited by Mtb strain-to-strain variations need to be considered in TB vaccine development. 24886274 7 41 theme strains 1511:1517 arg1 success 1495:1501 the success 1491:1501 the success of some strains which stay unnoticed by the host through inhibition of apoptosis and ROS but making possible its replication inside PMN as a potential evasion mechanism 1491:1670 CONCLUSIONS The differences in wall composition could explain the success of some strains which stay unnoticed by the host through inhibition of apoptosis and ROS but making possible its replication inside PMN as a potential evasion mechanism. 24886274 0 42 theme Mycobacterium 13:25 arg1 strains 44:50 Mycobacterium tuberculosis MDR strains 13:50 Mycobacterium tuberculosis MDR strains 13:50 Outbreaks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MDR strains differentially induce neutrophil respiratory burst involving lipid rafts, p38 MAPK and Syk. 24886274 6 43 dep failure 1391:1397 arg1 2 1386:1386 2 1386:1386 2 1386:1386 In contrast, strain M lacks the ability to induce ROS because of: 1) a reduced phagocytosis and 2) a failure in coalescence of lipid raft. 24886274 7 44 theme wall 1460:1463 arg1 composition 1465:1475 wall composition 1460:1475 wall composition 1460:1475 CONCLUSIONS The differences in wall composition could explain the success of some strains which stay unnoticed by the host through inhibition of apoptosis and ROS but making possible its replication inside PMN as a potential evasion mechanism. 24886274 4 45 theme p38 1071:1073 arg1 MAPK 1075:1078 p38 MAPK 1071:1078 p38 MAPK 1071:1078 RESULTS Dectin-1 and TLR2 participate in Mtb-induced ROS generation and apoptosis in PMN involving p38 MAPK and Syk activation with the participation of a TLR2-dependent coalescence of lipid rafts. 24886274 3 46 theme ROS 880:882 arg1 production 884:893 ROS production 880:893 ROS production 880:893 METHODS In this study we evaluate the nature of bacteria-PMN interaction by assessing ROS production, apoptosis, lipid raft coalescence, and phagocytosis induced by Mtb strains. 24886274 2 47 dep Haarlem 657:663 arg1 i.e. 652:655 i.e. 652:655 i.e. 652:655 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 0 48 theme strains 44:50 arg1 Outbreaks 0:8 Outbreaks 0:8 Outbreaks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MDR strains 0:50 Outbreaks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MDR strains differentially induce neutrophil respiratory burst involving lipid rafts, p38 MAPK and Syk. 24886274 7 49 theme replication 1616:1626 arg1 mechanism 1662:1670 a potential evasion mechanism 1642:1670 a potential evasion mechanism 1642:1670 CONCLUSIONS The differences in wall composition could explain the success of some strains which stay unnoticed by the host through inhibition of apoptosis and ROS but making possible its replication inside PMN as a potential evasion mechanism. 24886274 7 49 theme replication 1616:1626 arg1 PMN 1635:1637 possible its replication inside PMN 1603:1637 possible its replication inside PMN 1603:1637 CONCLUSIONS The differences in wall composition could explain the success of some strains which stay unnoticed by the host through inhibition of apoptosis and ROS but making possible its replication inside PMN as a potential evasion mechanism. 24886274 7 50 theme inside 1628:1633 arg1 mechanism 1662:1670 a potential evasion mechanism 1642:1670 a potential evasion mechanism 1642:1670 CONCLUSIONS The differences in wall composition could explain the success of some strains which stay unnoticed by the host through inhibition of apoptosis and ROS but making possible its replication inside PMN as a potential evasion mechanism. 24886274 7 50 theme inside 1628:1633 arg1 PMN 1635:1637 possible its replication inside PMN 1603:1637 possible its replication inside PMN 1603:1637 CONCLUSIONS The differences in wall composition could explain the success of some strains which stay unnoticed by the host through inhibition of apoptosis and ROS but making possible its replication inside PMN as a potential evasion mechanism. 24886274 2 51 theme able 720:723 arg1 M 718:718 strain M 711:718 strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively 711:791 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 0 52 theme MDR 40:42 arg1 strains 44:50 Mycobacterium tuberculosis MDR strains 13:50 Mycobacterium tuberculosis MDR strains 13:50 Outbreaks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MDR strains differentially induce neutrophil respiratory burst involving lipid rafts, p38 MAPK and Syk. 24886274 2 53 theme ROS-induced 506:516 arg1 apoptosis 518:526 ROS-induced apoptosis 506:526 ROS-induced apoptosis 506:526 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 3 54 theme raft 913:916 arg1 coalescence 918:928 lipid raft coalescence 907:928 lipid raft coalescence 907:928 METHODS In this study we evaluate the nature of bacteria-PMN interaction by assessing ROS production, apoptosis, lipid raft coalescence, and phagocytosis induced by Mtb strains. 24886274 7 55 theme apoptosis 1574:1582 arg1 inhibition 1560:1569 inhibition 1560:1569 inhibition of apoptosis and ROS 1560:1590 CONCLUSIONS The differences in wall composition could explain the success of some strains which stay unnoticed by the host through inhibition of apoptosis and ROS but making possible its replication inside PMN as a potential evasion mechanism. 24886274 5 56 theme non-opsonized 1228:1240 arg1 bacteria 1242:1249 non-opsonized bacteria 1228:1249 non-opsonized bacteria 1228:1249 Further, ROS production occurs during the phagocytosis of non-opsonized bacteria and involves α-glucans on the capsule. 24886274 6 57 theme lipid 1417:1421 arg1 raft 1423:1426 lipid raft 1417:1426 lipid raft 1417:1426 In contrast, strain M lacks the ability to induce ROS because of: 1) a reduced phagocytosis and 2) a failure in coalescence of lipid raft. 24886274 6 58 from phagocytosis 1369:1380 arg1 coalescence 1402:1412 coalescence 1402:1412 coalescence of lipid raft 1402:1426 In contrast, strain M lacks the ability to induce ROS because of: 1) a reduced phagocytosis and 2) a failure in coalescence of lipid raft. 24886274 2 59 dep able 720:723 arg1 generate 728:735 generate 728:735 to generate further drug resistance 725:759 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 2 59 dep able 720:723 arg1 disseminate 768:778 disseminate 768:778 to disseminate aggressively 765:791 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 6 60 dep phagocytosis 1369:1380 arg1 1 1356:1356 1 1356:1356 1 1356:1356 In contrast, strain M lacks the ability to induce ROS because of: 1) a reduced phagocytosis and 2) a failure in coalescence of lipid raft. 24886274 4 61 theme lipid 1157:1161 arg1 rafts 1163:1167 lipid rafts 1157:1167 lipid rafts 1157:1167 RESULTS Dectin-1 and TLR2 participate in Mtb-induced ROS generation and apoptosis in PMN involving p38 MAPK and Syk activation with the participation of a TLR2-dependent coalescence of lipid rafts. 24886274 5 62 theme bacteria 1242:1249 arg1 phagocytosis 1212:1223 the phagocytosis 1208:1223 the phagocytosis of non-opsonized bacteria 1208:1249 Further, ROS production occurs during the phagocytosis of non-opsonized bacteria and involves α-glucans on the capsule. 24886274 1 63 theme pathogen 299:306 arg1 elimination 284:294 the elimination 280:294 the elimination of pathogen 280:306 BACKGROUND Neutrophils (PMN) are the first cells to infiltrate the lung after infection, and they play a significant protective role in the elimination of pathogen, by releasing preformed oxidants and proteolytic enzymes from granules and generating ROS, thus limiting inflammation by succumbing to apoptosis. 24886274 2 64 theme tuberculosis 554:565 arg1 Ra 588:589 Ra 588:589 Ra 588:589 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 2 64 theme tuberculosis 554:565 arg1 M 582:582 M 582:582 M 582:582 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 2 64 theme tuberculosis 554:565 arg1 strains 573:579 two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains 536:579 two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains 536:579 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 3 65 theme lipid 907:911 arg1 coalescence 918:928 lipid raft coalescence 907:928 lipid raft coalescence 907:928 METHODS In this study we evaluate the nature of bacteria-PMN interaction by assessing ROS production, apoptosis, lipid raft coalescence, and phagocytosis induced by Mtb strains. 24886274 2 66 from families 625:632 arg1 America 643:649 America 643:649 America 643:649 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 5 67 theme ROS 1179:1181 arg1 production 1183:1192 ROS production 1179:1192 ROS production 1179:1192 Further, ROS production occurs during the phagocytosis of non-opsonized bacteria and involves α-glucans on the capsule. 24886274 2 68 theme Mycobacterium 540:552 arg1 tuberculosis 554:565 two Mycobacterium tuberculosis 536:565 two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains 536:579 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 2 68 theme Mycobacterium 540:552 arg1 Mtb 568:570 Mtb 568:570 Mtb 568:570 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 0 69 dep Mycobacterium 13:25 arg1 tuberculosis 27:38 tuberculosis 27:38 tuberculosis 27:38 Outbreaks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MDR strains differentially induce neutrophil respiratory burst involving lipid rafts, p38 MAPK and Syk. 24886274 8 70 theme Mtb 1709:1711 arg1 variations 1730:1739 Mtb strain-to-strain variations 1709:1739 Mtb strain-to-strain variations 1709:1739 Innate immune responses elicited by Mtb strain-to-strain variations need to be considered in TB vaccine development. 24886274 7 71 theme potential 1644:1652 arg1 mechanism 1662:1670 a potential evasion mechanism 1642:1670 a potential evasion mechanism 1642:1670 CONCLUSIONS The differences in wall composition could explain the success of some strains which stay unnoticed by the host through inhibition of apoptosis and ROS but making possible its replication inside PMN as a potential evasion mechanism. 24886274 7 71 theme potential 1644:1652 arg1 PMN 1635:1637 possible its replication inside PMN 1603:1637 possible its replication inside PMN 1603:1637 CONCLUSIONS The differences in wall composition could explain the success of some strains which stay unnoticed by the host through inhibition of apoptosis and ROS but making possible its replication inside PMN as a potential evasion mechanism. 24886274 0 72 theme respiratory 85:95 arg1 burst 97:101 neutrophil respiratory burst 74:101 neutrophil respiratory burst involving lipid rafts, p38 MAPK and Syk 74:141 Outbreaks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MDR strains differentially induce neutrophil respiratory burst involving lipid rafts, p38 MAPK and Syk. 24886274 2 73 from differences 491:501 arg1 apoptosis 518:526 ROS-induced apoptosis 506:526 ROS-induced apoptosis 506:526 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 6 74 from failure 1391:1397 arg1 coalescence 1402:1412 coalescence 1402:1412 coalescence of lipid raft 1402:1426 In contrast, strain M lacks the ability to induce ROS because of: 1) a reduced phagocytosis and 2) a failure in coalescence of lipid raft. 24886274 1 75 theme BACKGROUND 144:153 arg1 Neutrophils 155:165 BACKGROUND Neutrophils 144:165 BACKGROUND Neutrophils (PMN) 144:171 BACKGROUND Neutrophils (PMN) are the first cells to infiltrate the lung after infection, and they play a significant protective role in the elimination of pathogen, by releasing preformed oxidants and proteolytic enzymes from granules and generating ROS, thus limiting inflammation by succumbing to apoptosis. 24886274 1 75 theme BACKGROUND 144:153 arg1 PMN 168:170 PMN 168:170 PMN 168:170 BACKGROUND Neutrophils (PMN) are the first cells to infiltrate the lung after infection, and they play a significant protective role in the elimination of pathogen, by releasing preformed oxidants and proteolytic enzymes from granules and generating ROS, thus limiting inflammation by succumbing to apoptosis. 24886274 2 76 theme drug 745:748 arg1 resistance 750:759 further drug resistance 737:759 further drug resistance 737:759 In a previous study, we found marked differences in ROS-induced apoptosis between two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, M and Ra, representative of widespread Mtb families in South America, i.e. Haarlem and Latin-American Mediterranean (LAM), being strain M able to generate further drug resistance and to disseminate aggressively. 24886274 0 77 theme neutrophil 74:83 arg1 burst 97:101 neutrophil respiratory burst 74:101 neutrophil respiratory burst involving lipid rafts, p38 MAPK and Syk 74:141 Outbreaks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MDR strains differentially induce neutrophil respiratory burst involving lipid rafts, p38 MAPK and Syk. 24886274 7 78 theme evasion 1654:1660 arg1 mechanism 1662:1670 a potential evasion mechanism 1642:1670 a potential evasion mechanism 1642:1670 CONCLUSIONS The differences in wall composition could explain the success of some strains which stay unnoticed by the host through inhibition of apoptosis and ROS but making possible its replication inside PMN as a potential evasion mechanism. 24886274 7 78 theme evasion 1654:1660 arg1 PMN 1635:1637 possible its replication inside PMN 1603:1637 possible its replication inside PMN 1603:1637 CONCLUSIONS The differences in wall composition could explain the success of some strains which stay unnoticed by the host through inhibition of apoptosis and ROS but making possible its replication inside PMN as a potential evasion mechanism. 24886274 8 79 theme Innate 1673:1678 arg1 responses 1687:1695 Innate immune responses 1673:1695 Innate immune responses elicited by Mtb strain-to-strain variations 1673:1739 Innate immune responses elicited by Mtb strain-to-strain variations need to be considered in TB vaccine development. 24142066 5 0 theme KO 944:945 arg1 mice 947:950 LPS-exposed KO mice 932:950 LPS-exposed KO mice 932:950 Contrary to the reported effects of clopidogrel, numbers of circulating WBCs and plasma levels of cytokines were increased in LPS-exposed KO mice compared with WT in this inflammation model. 24142066 4 1 theme KO 674:675 arg1 mice 677:680 P2Y12 KO mice 668:680 P2Y12 KO mice 668:680 To address this question, we investigated P2Y12 KO mice during a LPS-induced model of systemic inflammation, and we treated these KO mice with a thienopyridine drug (clopidogrel). 24142066 2 2 from role 310:313 arg1 responses 354:362 inflammatory responses 341:362 inflammatory responses 341:362 Possible effects of these drugs and the role of activated platelets in inflammatory responses have also been investigated in a variety of animal models, demonstrating that thienopyridines could alter inflammation. 24142066 2 3 theme platelets 328:336 arg1 effects 279:285 Possible effects 270:285 Possible effects of these drugs 270:300 Possible effects of these drugs and the role of activated platelets in inflammatory responses have also been investigated in a variety of animal models, demonstrating that thienopyridines could alter inflammation. 24142066 2 3 theme platelets 328:336 arg1 role 310:313 the role 306:313 the role of activated platelets in inflammatory responses 306:362 Possible effects of these drugs and the role of activated platelets in inflammatory responses have also been investigated in a variety of animal models, demonstrating that thienopyridines could alter inflammation. 24142066 8 4 theme protective 1288:1297 arg1 effects 1299:1305 protective effects 1288:1305 protective effects 1288:1305 Interestingly, clopidogrel treatments also exerted protective effects in KO mice, suggesting off-target effects for this drug. 24142066 9 5 theme LPS 1558:1560 arg1 inflammation 1571:1582 LPS systemic inflammation 1558:1582 LPS systemic inflammation 1558:1582 In conclusion, the P2Y12 receptor plays an important role during LPS-induced inflammation, and this signaling pathway may be involved in regulating cell content in spleen and bone marrow during LPS systemic inflammation. 24142066 8 6 theme off-target 1330:1339 arg1 effects 1341:1347 off-target effects 1330:1347 off-target effects for this drug 1330:1361 Interestingly, clopidogrel treatments also exerted protective effects in KO mice, suggesting off-target effects for this drug. 24142066 6 7 theme spleen 1130:1135 arg1 regulation 1100:1109 regulation 1100:1109 regulation of bone marrow and spleen cellular composition 1100:1156 Moreover, both spleen and bone marrow show an increase in cell content, suggesting a role for P2Y12 in regulation of bone marrow and spleen cellular composition. 24142066 4 8 theme systemic 712:719 arg1 inflammation 721:732 systemic inflammation 712:732 systemic inflammation 712:732 To address this question, we investigated P2Y12 KO mice during a LPS-induced model of systemic inflammation, and we treated these KO mice with a thienopyridine drug (clopidogrel). 24142066 1 9 theme platelet 245:252 arg1 receptor 260:267 the platelet P2Y12 receptor 241:267 the platelet P2Y12 receptor 241:267 Thienopyridines are a class of antiplatelet drugs that are metabolized in the liver to several metabolites, of which only one active metabolite can irreversibly antagonize the platelet P2Y12 receptor. 24142066 9 10 theme systemic 1562:1569 arg1 inflammation 1571:1582 LPS systemic inflammation 1558:1582 LPS systemic inflammation 1558:1582 In conclusion, the P2Y12 receptor plays an important role during LPS-induced inflammation, and this signaling pathway may be involved in regulating cell content in spleen and bone marrow during LPS systemic inflammation. 24142066 2 11 theme Possible 270:277 arg1 effects 279:285 Possible effects 270:285 Possible effects of these drugs 270:300 Possible effects of these drugs and the role of activated platelets in inflammatory responses have also been investigated in a variety of animal models, demonstrating that thienopyridines could alter inflammation. 24142066 1 12 theme P2Y12 254:258 arg1 receptor 260:267 the platelet P2Y12 receptor 241:267 the platelet P2Y12 receptor 241:267 Thienopyridines are a class of antiplatelet drugs that are metabolized in the liver to several metabolites, of which only one active metabolite can irreversibly antagonize the platelet P2Y12 receptor. 24142066 1 13 theme antiplatelet 100:111 arg1 drugs 113:117 antiplatelet drugs 100:117 antiplatelet drugs that are metabolized in the liver to several metabolites, of which only one active metabolite can irreversibly antagonize the platelet P2Y12 receptor 100:267 Thienopyridines are a class of antiplatelet drugs that are metabolized in the liver to several metabolites, of which only one active metabolite can irreversibly antagonize the platelet P2Y12 receptor. 24142066 10 14 theme receptor 1657:1664 arg1 blockade 1666:1673 P2Y12 receptor blockade 1651:1673 P2Y12 receptor blockade 1651:1673 Furthermore, clopidogrel may have effects that are independent of P2Y12 receptor blockade. 24142066 6 15 theme bone 1023:1026 arg1 marrow 1028:1033 bone marrow 1023:1033 bone marrow 1023:1033 Moreover, both spleen and bone marrow show an increase in cell content, suggesting a role for P2Y12 in regulation of bone marrow and spleen cellular composition. 24142066 0 16 from severe 42:47 arg1 mice 63:66 P2Y12 null mice 52:66 P2Y12 null mice 52:66 LPS-induced systemic inflammation is more severe in P2Y12 null mice. 24142066 6 17 theme cell 1055:1058 arg1 content 1060:1066 cell content 1055:1066 cell content 1055:1066 Moreover, both spleen and bone marrow show an increase in cell content, suggesting a role for P2Y12 in regulation of bone marrow and spleen cellular composition. 24142066 5 18 theme LPS-exposed 932:942 arg1 mice 947:950 LPS-exposed KO mice 932:950 LPS-exposed KO mice 932:950 Contrary to the reported effects of clopidogrel, numbers of circulating WBCs and plasma levels of cytokines were increased in LPS-exposed KO mice compared with WT in this inflammation model. 24142066 1 19 theme several 156:162 arg1 metabolites 164:174 several metabolites 156:174 several metabolites 156:174 Thienopyridines are a class of antiplatelet drugs that are metabolized in the liver to several metabolites, of which only one active metabolite can irreversibly antagonize the platelet P2Y12 receptor. 24142066 0 20 theme systemic 12:19 arg1 inflammation 21:32 LPS-induced systemic inflammation 0:32 LPS-induced systemic inflammation 0:32 LPS-induced systemic inflammation is more severe in P2Y12 null mice. 24142066 7 21 from severe 1188:1193 arg1 lungs 1202:1206 the lungs 1198:1206 the lungs of KO mice 1198:1217 Finally, the injury was more severe in the lungs of KO mice compared with WT. 24142066 5 22 theme plasma 887:892 arg1 levels 894:899 plasma levels 887:899 plasma levels of cytokines 887:912 Contrary to the reported effects of clopidogrel, numbers of circulating WBCs and plasma levels of cytokines were increased in LPS-exposed KO mice compared with WT in this inflammation model. 24142066 5 23 theme reported 822:829 arg1 effects 831:837 the reported effects 818:837 the reported effects of clopidogrel 818:852 Contrary to the reported effects of clopidogrel, numbers of circulating WBCs and plasma levels of cytokines were increased in LPS-exposed KO mice compared with WT in this inflammation model. 24142066 0 24 theme LPS-induced 0:10 arg1 inflammation 21:32 LPS-induced systemic inflammation 0:32 LPS-induced systemic inflammation 0:32 LPS-induced systemic inflammation is more severe in P2Y12 null mice. 24142066 3 25 theme P2Y12 542:546 arg1 antagonism 548:557 the P2Y12 antagonism 538:557 the P2Y12 antagonism 538:557 However, it is not clear whether it is caused only by the P2Y12 antagonism or whether off-target effects of other metabolites also intervene. 24142066 2 26 theme models 415:420 arg1 variety 397:403 a variety 395:403 a variety of animal models 395:420 Possible effects of these drugs and the role of activated platelets in inflammatory responses have also been investigated in a variety of animal models, demonstrating that thienopyridines could alter inflammation. 24142066 2 26 theme models 415:420 arg1 models 415:420 animal models 408:420 animal models 408:420 Possible effects of these drugs and the role of activated platelets in inflammatory responses have also been investigated in a variety of animal models, demonstrating that thienopyridines could alter inflammation. 24142066 6 27 theme cellular 1137:1144 arg1 composition 1146:1156 cellular composition 1137:1156 cellular composition 1137:1156 Moreover, both spleen and bone marrow show an increase in cell content, suggesting a role for P2Y12 in regulation of bone marrow and spleen cellular composition. 24142066 4 28 theme inflammation 721:732 arg1 model 703:707 a LPS-induced model 689:707 a LPS-induced model of systemic inflammation 689:732 To address this question, we investigated P2Y12 KO mice during a LPS-induced model of systemic inflammation, and we treated these KO mice with a thienopyridine drug (clopidogrel). 24142066 8 29 theme KO 1310:1311 arg1 mice 1313:1316 KO mice 1310:1316 KO mice 1310:1316 Interestingly, clopidogrel treatments also exerted protective effects in KO mice, suggesting off-target effects for this drug. 24142066 7 30 theme KO 1211:1212 arg1 mice 1214:1217 KO mice 1211:1217 KO mice 1211:1217 Finally, the injury was more severe in the lungs of KO mice compared with WT. 24142066 2 31 theme drugs 296:300 arg1 effects 279:285 Possible effects 270:285 Possible effects of these drugs 270:300 Possible effects of these drugs and the role of activated platelets in inflammatory responses have also been investigated in a variety of animal models, demonstrating that thienopyridines could alter inflammation. 24142066 2 31 theme drugs 296:300 arg1 role 310:313 the role 306:313 the role of activated platelets in inflammatory responses 306:362 Possible effects of these drugs and the role of activated platelets in inflammatory responses have also been investigated in a variety of animal models, demonstrating that thienopyridines could alter inflammation. 24142066 10 32 theme P2Y12 1651:1655 arg1 blockade 1666:1673 P2Y12 receptor blockade 1651:1673 P2Y12 receptor blockade 1651:1673 Furthermore, clopidogrel may have effects that are independent of P2Y12 receptor blockade. 24142066 4 33 theme P2Y12 668:672 arg1 mice 677:680 P2Y12 KO mice 668:680 P2Y12 KO mice 668:680 To address this question, we investigated P2Y12 KO mice during a LPS-induced model of systemic inflammation, and we treated these KO mice with a thienopyridine drug (clopidogrel). 24142066 10 34 theme blockade 1666:1673 arg1 independent 1636:1646 independent 1636:1646 independent 1636:1646 Furthermore, clopidogrel may have effects that are independent of P2Y12 receptor blockade. 24142066 7 35 theme mice 1214:1217 arg1 lungs 1202:1206 the lungs 1198:1206 the lungs of KO mice 1198:1217 Finally, the injury was more severe in the lungs of KO mice compared with WT. 24142066 5 36 theme circulating 866:876 arg1 WBCs 878:881 circulating WBCs 866:881 circulating WBCs 866:881 Contrary to the reported effects of clopidogrel, numbers of circulating WBCs and plasma levels of cytokines were increased in LPS-exposed KO mice compared with WT in this inflammation model. 24142066 10 37 contain have 1614:1617 arg1 clopidogrel 1598:1608 clopidogrel 1598:1608 clopidogrel 1598:1608 Furthermore, clopidogrel may have effects that are independent of P2Y12 receptor blockade. 24142066 10 37 contain have 1614:1617 arg2 effects 1619:1625 effects 1619:1625 effects that are independent of P2Y12 receptor blockade 1619:1673 Furthermore, clopidogrel may have effects that are independent of P2Y12 receptor blockade. 24142066 4 38 theme thienopyridine 771:784 arg1 clopidogrel 792:802 clopidogrel 792:802 clopidogrel 792:802 To address this question, we investigated P2Y12 KO mice during a LPS-induced model of systemic inflammation, and we treated these KO mice with a thienopyridine drug (clopidogrel). 24142066 4 38 theme thienopyridine 771:784 arg1 drug 786:789 a thienopyridine drug 769:789 a thienopyridine drug (clopidogrel) 769:803 To address this question, we investigated P2Y12 KO mice during a LPS-induced model of systemic inflammation, and we treated these KO mice with a thienopyridine drug (clopidogrel). 24142066 6 39 from role 1082:1085 arg1 regulation 1100:1109 regulation 1100:1109 regulation of bone marrow and spleen cellular composition 1100:1156 Moreover, both spleen and bone marrow show an increase in cell content, suggesting a role for P2Y12 in regulation of bone marrow and spleen cellular composition. 24142066 9 40 theme LPS-induced 1429:1439 arg1 inflammation 1441:1452 LPS-induced inflammation 1429:1452 LPS-induced inflammation 1429:1452 In conclusion, the P2Y12 receptor plays an important role during LPS-induced inflammation, and this signaling pathway may be involved in regulating cell content in spleen and bone marrow during LPS systemic inflammation. 24142066 0 41 from mice 63:66 arg1 severe 42:47 severe 42:47 severe 42:47 LPS-induced systemic inflammation is more severe in P2Y12 null mice. 24142066 3 42 theme off-target 570:579 arg1 effects 581:587 off-target effects 570:587 off-target effects of other metabolites 570:608 However, it is not clear whether it is caused only by the P2Y12 antagonism or whether off-target effects of other metabolites also intervene. 24142066 7 43 from lungs 1202:1206 arg1 injury 1172:1177 the injury 1168:1177 the injury 1168:1177 Finally, the injury was more severe in the lungs of KO mice compared with WT. 24142066 7 43 from lungs 1202:1206 arg1 severe 1188:1193 severe 1188:1193 severe 1188:1193 Finally, the injury was more severe in the lungs of KO mice compared with WT. 24142066 9 44 theme P2Y12 1383:1387 arg1 receptor 1389:1396 the P2Y12 receptor 1379:1396 the P2Y12 receptor 1379:1396 In conclusion, the P2Y12 receptor plays an important role during LPS-induced inflammation, and this signaling pathway may be involved in regulating cell content in spleen and bone marrow during LPS systemic inflammation. 24142066 0 45 theme P2Y12 52:56 arg1 mice 63:66 P2Y12 null mice 52:66 P2Y12 null mice 52:66 LPS-induced systemic inflammation is more severe in P2Y12 null mice. 24142066 9 46 theme cell 1512:1515 arg1 content 1517:1523 cell content 1512:1523 cell content in spleen and bone marrow 1512:1549 In conclusion, the P2Y12 receptor plays an important role during LPS-induced inflammation, and this signaling pathway may be involved in regulating cell content in spleen and bone marrow during LPS systemic inflammation. 24142066 9 47 from content 1517:1523 arg1 spleen 1528:1533 spleen 1528:1533 spleen 1528:1533 In conclusion, the P2Y12 receptor plays an important role during LPS-induced inflammation, and this signaling pathway may be involved in regulating cell content in spleen and bone marrow during LPS systemic inflammation. 24142066 9 47 from content 1517:1523 arg1 marrow 1544:1549 bone marrow 1539:1549 bone marrow 1539:1549 In conclusion, the P2Y12 receptor plays an important role during LPS-induced inflammation, and this signaling pathway may be involved in regulating cell content in spleen and bone marrow during LPS systemic inflammation. 24142066 2 48 theme activated 318:326 arg1 platelets 328:336 activated platelets 318:336 activated platelets 318:336 Possible effects of these drugs and the role of activated platelets in inflammatory responses have also been investigated in a variety of animal models, demonstrating that thienopyridines could alter inflammation. 24142066 9 49 theme important 1407:1415 arg1 role 1417:1420 an important role 1404:1420 an important role 1404:1420 In conclusion, the P2Y12 receptor plays an important role during LPS-induced inflammation, and this signaling pathway may be involved in regulating cell content in spleen and bone marrow during LPS systemic inflammation. 24142066 5 50 theme inflammation 977:988 arg1 model 990:994 this inflammation model 972:994 this inflammation model 972:994 Contrary to the reported effects of clopidogrel, numbers of circulating WBCs and plasma levels of cytokines were increased in LPS-exposed KO mice compared with WT in this inflammation model. 24142066 1 51 theme drugs 113:117 arg1 Thienopyridines 69:83 Thienopyridines 69:83 Thienopyridines 69:83 Thienopyridines are a class of antiplatelet drugs that are metabolized in the liver to several metabolites, of which only one active metabolite can irreversibly antagonize the platelet P2Y12 receptor. 24142066 1 51 theme drugs 113:117 arg1 class 91:95 a class 89:95 a class of antiplatelet drugs that are metabolized in the liver to several metabolites, of which only one active metabolite can irreversibly antagonize the platelet P2Y12 receptor 89:267 Thienopyridines are a class of antiplatelet drugs that are metabolized in the liver to several metabolites, of which only one active metabolite can irreversibly antagonize the platelet P2Y12 receptor. 24142066 6 52 theme bone 1114:1117 arg1 marrow 1119:1124 bone marrow 1114:1124 bone marrow 1114:1124 Moreover, both spleen and bone marrow show an increase in cell content, suggesting a role for P2Y12 in regulation of bone marrow and spleen cellular composition. 24142066 4 53 theme KO 756:757 arg1 mice 759:762 these KO mice 750:762 these KO mice 750:762 To address this question, we investigated P2Y12 KO mice during a LPS-induced model of systemic inflammation, and we treated these KO mice with a thienopyridine drug (clopidogrel). 24142066 3 54 theme other 592:596 arg1 metabolites 598:608 other metabolites 592:608 other metabolites 592:608 However, it is not clear whether it is caused only by the P2Y12 antagonism or whether off-target effects of other metabolites also intervene. 24142066 9 55 theme bone 1539:1542 arg1 marrow 1544:1549 bone marrow 1539:1549 bone marrow 1539:1549 In conclusion, the P2Y12 receptor plays an important role during LPS-induced inflammation, and this signaling pathway may be involved in regulating cell content in spleen and bone marrow during LPS systemic inflammation. 24142066 4 56 theme LPS-induced 691:701 arg1 model 703:707 a LPS-induced model 689:707 a LPS-induced model of systemic inflammation 689:732 To address this question, we investigated P2Y12 KO mice during a LPS-induced model of systemic inflammation, and we treated these KO mice with a thienopyridine drug (clopidogrel). 24142066 1 57 theme active 195:200 arg1 metabolite 202:211 only one active metabolite 186:211 only one active metabolite 186:211 Thienopyridines are a class of antiplatelet drugs that are metabolized in the liver to several metabolites, of which only one active metabolite can irreversibly antagonize the platelet P2Y12 receptor. 24142066 8 58 theme clopidogrel 1252:1262 arg1 treatments 1264:1273 clopidogrel treatments 1252:1273 clopidogrel treatments 1252:1273 Interestingly, clopidogrel treatments also exerted protective effects in KO mice, suggesting off-target effects for this drug. 24142066 9 59 theme signaling 1464:1472 arg1 pathway 1474:1480 this signaling pathway 1459:1480 this signaling pathway 1459:1480 In conclusion, the P2Y12 receptor plays an important role during LPS-induced inflammation, and this signaling pathway may be involved in regulating cell content in spleen and bone marrow during LPS systemic inflammation. 24142066 3 60 theme metabolites 598:608 arg1 effects 581:587 off-target effects 570:587 off-target effects of other metabolites 570:608 However, it is not clear whether it is caused only by the P2Y12 antagonism or whether off-target effects of other metabolites also intervene. 24142066 5 61 theme clopidogrel 842:852 arg1 effects 831:837 the reported effects 818:837 the reported effects of clopidogrel 818:852 Contrary to the reported effects of clopidogrel, numbers of circulating WBCs and plasma levels of cytokines were increased in LPS-exposed KO mice compared with WT in this inflammation model. 24142066 2 62 from effects 279:285 arg1 responses 354:362 inflammatory responses 341:362 inflammatory responses 341:362 Possible effects of these drugs and the role of activated platelets in inflammatory responses have also been investigated in a variety of animal models, demonstrating that thienopyridines could alter inflammation. 24142066 5 63 theme WBCs 878:881 arg1 numbers 855:861 numbers 855:861 numbers of circulating WBCs 855:881 Contrary to the reported effects of clopidogrel, numbers of circulating WBCs and plasma levels of cytokines were increased in LPS-exposed KO mice compared with WT in this inflammation model. 24142066 5 63 theme WBCs 878:881 arg1 levels 894:899 plasma levels 887:899 plasma levels of cytokines 887:912 Contrary to the reported effects of clopidogrel, numbers of circulating WBCs and plasma levels of cytokines were increased in LPS-exposed KO mice compared with WT in this inflammation model. 24142066 6 64 theme marrow 1119:1124 arg1 regulation 1100:1109 regulation 1100:1109 regulation of bone marrow and spleen cellular composition 1100:1156 Moreover, both spleen and bone marrow show an increase in cell content, suggesting a role for P2Y12 in regulation of bone marrow and spleen cellular composition. 24142066 6 65 dep marrow 1119:1124 arg1 composition 1146:1156 cellular composition 1137:1156 cellular composition 1137:1156 Moreover, both spleen and bone marrow show an increase in cell content, suggesting a role for P2Y12 in regulation of bone marrow and spleen cellular composition. 24142066 5 66 theme cytokines 904:912 arg1 numbers 855:861 numbers 855:861 numbers of circulating WBCs 855:881 Contrary to the reported effects of clopidogrel, numbers of circulating WBCs and plasma levels of cytokines were increased in LPS-exposed KO mice compared with WT in this inflammation model. 24142066 5 66 theme cytokines 904:912 arg1 levels 894:899 plasma levels 887:899 plasma levels of cytokines 887:912 Contrary to the reported effects of clopidogrel, numbers of circulating WBCs and plasma levels of cytokines were increased in LPS-exposed KO mice compared with WT in this inflammation model. 24142066 0 67 theme null 58:61 arg1 mice 63:66 P2Y12 null mice 52:66 P2Y12 null mice 52:66 LPS-induced systemic inflammation is more severe in P2Y12 null mice. 24142066 2 68 theme animal 408:413 arg1 models 415:420 animal models 408:420 animal models 408:420 Possible effects of these drugs and the role of activated platelets in inflammatory responses have also been investigated in a variety of animal models, demonstrating that thienopyridines could alter inflammation. 24142066 6 69 from increase 1043:1050 arg1 content 1060:1066 cell content 1055:1066 cell content 1055:1066 Moreover, both spleen and bone marrow show an increase in cell content, suggesting a role for P2Y12 in regulation of bone marrow and spleen cellular composition. 24142066 2 70 theme inflammatory 341:352 arg1 responses 354:362 inflammatory responses 341:362 inflammatory responses 341:362 Possible effects of these drugs and the role of activated platelets in inflammatory responses have also been investigated in a variety of animal models, demonstrating that thienopyridines could alter inflammation. 26495974 4 0 theme mass 924:927 arg1 spectrometry 929:940 mass spectrometry 924:940 mass spectrometry 924:940 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 3 1 theme KRAS 738:741 arg1 status 766:771 the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status 726:771 the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status 726:771 METHODOLOGY In this study a glycoproteomic approach was used to identify glycoproteins exhibiting alterations in glycosylation in colorectal cancer and to evaluate the changes in O-linked glycosylation in the context of the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status. 26495974 8 2 theme colorectal 1850:1859 arg1 cancer 1861:1866 metastatic colorectal cancer 1839:1866 metastatic colorectal cancer 1839:1866 CONCLUSION Glycoproteins showing changes in O-linked glycosylation in metastatic colorectal cancer have been identified. 26495974 9 3 theme glycosylation 1894:1906 arg1 independent 1921:1931 independent 1921:1931 independent 1921:1931 The glycosylation changes were independent of p53 and KRAS status. 26495974 9 3 theme glycosylation 1894:1906 arg1 changes 1908:1914 The glycosylation changes 1890:1914 The glycosylation changes 1890:1914 The glycosylation changes were independent of p53 and KRAS status. 26495974 3 4 theme status 766:771 arg1 context 715:721 the context 711:721 the context of the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status 711:771 METHODOLOGY In this study a glycoproteomic approach was used to identify glycoproteins exhibiting alterations in glycosylation in colorectal cancer and to evaluate the changes in O-linked glycosylation in the context of the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status. 26495974 4 5 theme 2-dimensional 885:897 arg1 electrophoresis 903:917 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis 885:917 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry 885:940 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 6 6 theme lectin 1262:1267 arg1 HPA 1269:1271 the lectin HPA 1258:1271 the lectin HPA followed by proteomic analysis 1258:1302 Affinity purification using the lectin HPA followed by proteomic analysis revealed annexin 4, annexin 5 and CLCA1 to be increased in the metastatic colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 4 7 with purification 783:794 arg1 protein 826:832 the carbohydrate binding protein 801:832 the carbohydrate binding protein 801:832 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 7 8 theme = 1758:1758 arg1 0.0002 1760:1765 Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002 1738:1765 Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002 1738:1765 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 2 9 gly glycoproteins 276:288 arg1 carriers 325:332 important carriers 315:332 important carriers of O-linked glycans 315:352 Mucin glycoproteins have been established as important carriers of O-linked glycans but other glycoproteins exhibiting altered glycosylation repertoires have yet to be identified but offer potential as biomarkers for metastatic cancer. 26495974 2 9 gly glycoproteins 276:288 arg1 glycoproteins 276:288 Mucin glycoproteins 270:288 Mucin glycoproteins 270:288 Mucin glycoproteins have been established as important carriers of O-linked glycans but other glycoproteins exhibiting altered glycosylation repertoires have yet to be identified but offer potential as biomarkers for metastatic cancer. 26495974 3 10 theme colorectal 636:645 arg1 cancer 647:652 colorectal cancer 636:652 colorectal cancer 636:652 METHODOLOGY In this study a glycoproteomic approach was used to identify glycoproteins exhibiting alterations in glycosylation in colorectal cancer and to evaluate the changes in O-linked glycosylation in the context of the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status. 26495974 5 11 link O-linked 1068:1075 arg1 event 1119:1123 an early event 1110:1123 an early event that occurred irrespective of the p53 and KRAS status and correlating with metastatic colorectal cancer 1110:1227 RESULTS Aberrant O-linked glycosylation was observed to be an early event that occurred irrespective of the p53 and KRAS status and correlating with metastatic colorectal cancer. 26495974 5 11 link O-linked 1068:1075 arg1 glycosylation 1077:1089 Aberrant O-linked glycosylation 1059:1089 Aberrant O-linked glycosylation 1059:1089 RESULTS Aberrant O-linked glycosylation was observed to be an early event that occurred irrespective of the p53 and KRAS status and correlating with metastatic colorectal cancer. 26495974 4 12 theme abundance 978:986 arg1 glycoproteins 997:1009 low abundance O-linked glycoproteins 974:1009 low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens 974:1048 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 6 13 theme Affinity 1230:1237 arg1 purification 1239:1250 Affinity purification 1230:1250 Affinity purification using the lectin HPA followed by proteomic analysis 1230:1302 Affinity purification using the lectin HPA followed by proteomic analysis revealed annexin 4, annexin 5 and CLCA1 to be increased in the metastatic colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 0 14 theme Cancer 124:129 arg1 Markers 91:97 Markers 91:97 Markers of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer 91:129 Identification of O-Linked Glycoproteins Binding to the Lectin Helix pomatia Agglutinin as Markers of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. 26495974 2 15 theme important 315:323 arg1 carriers 325:332 important carriers 315:332 important carriers of O-linked glycans 315:352 Mucin glycoproteins have been established as important carriers of O-linked glycans but other glycoproteins exhibiting altered glycosylation repertoires have yet to be identified but offer potential as biomarkers for metastatic cancer. 26495974 2 15 theme important 315:323 arg1 glycoproteins 276:288 Mucin glycoproteins 270:288 Mucin glycoproteins 270:288 Mucin glycoproteins have been established as important carriers of O-linked glycans but other glycoproteins exhibiting altered glycosylation repertoires have yet to be identified but offer potential as biomarkers for metastatic cancer. 26495974 7 16 theme square 1664:1669 arg1 9.065 1671:1675 Chi square 9.065 1660:1675 HPA: Chi square 9.065 1655:1675 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 4 17 theme glycoproteins 997:1009 arg1 identification 956:969 the identification 952:969 the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens 952:1048 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 5 18 theme p53 1159:1161 arg1 status 1172:1177 the p53 and KRAS status 1155:1177 the p53 and KRAS status 1155:1177 RESULTS Aberrant O-linked glycosylation was observed to be an early event that occurred irrespective of the p53 and KRAS status and correlating with metastatic colorectal cancer. 26495974 7 19 theme independent 1450:1460 arg1 set 1462:1464 a further independent set 1440:1464 a further independent set of specimens 1440:1477 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 7 19 theme independent 1450:1460 arg1 specimens 1469:1477 specimens 1469:1477 specimens 1469:1477 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 5 20 dep RESULTS 1051:1057 arg1 observed 1095:1102 observed 1095:1102 was observed to be an early event that occurred irrespective of the p53 and KRAS status and correlating with metastatic colorectal cancer 1091:1227 RESULTS Aberrant O-linked glycosylation was observed to be an early event that occurred irrespective of the p53 and KRAS status and correlating with metastatic colorectal cancer. 26495974 2 21 link O-linked 337:344 arg1 glycans 346:352 O-linked glycans 337:352 O-linked glycans 337:352 Mucin glycoproteins have been established as important carriers of O-linked glycans but other glycoproteins exhibiting altered glycosylation repertoires have yet to be identified but offer potential as biomarkers for metastatic cancer. 26495974 6 22 theme cancer 1389:1394 arg1 specimens 1396:1404 the metastatic colorectal cancer specimens 1363:1404 the metastatic colorectal cancer specimens 1363:1404 Affinity purification using the lectin HPA followed by proteomic analysis revealed annexin 4, annexin 5 and CLCA1 to be increased in the metastatic colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 7 23 dep A4 1621:1622 arg1 HPA 1655:1657 HPA 1655:1657 HPA: Chi square 9.065 1655:1675 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 7 23 dep A4 1621:1622 arg1 P 1678:1678 P = 0.0026 1678:1687 P = 0.0026 1678:1687 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 7 23 dep A4 1621:1622 arg1 P 1643:1643 P = 0.0007 1643:1652 P = 0.0007 1643:1652 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 7 23 dep A4 1621:1622 arg1 11.45 1636:1640 Chi square 11.45 1625:1640 annexin A4: Chi square 11.45 1613:1640 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 7 24 theme Chi 1738:1740 arg1 0.0002 1760:1765 Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002 1738:1765 Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002 1738:1765 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 3 25 gly glycosylation 619:631 arg1 cancer 647:652 colorectal cancer 636:652 colorectal cancer 636:652 METHODOLOGY In this study a glycoproteomic approach was used to identify glycoproteins exhibiting alterations in glycosylation in colorectal cancer and to evaluate the changes in O-linked glycosylation in the context of the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status. 26495974 3 26 from glycosylation 619:631 arg1 cancer 647:652 colorectal cancer 636:652 colorectal cancer 636:652 METHODOLOGY In this study a glycoproteomic approach was used to identify glycoproteins exhibiting alterations in glycosylation in colorectal cancer and to evaluate the changes in O-linked glycosylation in the context of the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status. 26495974 10 27 theme potential 2030:2038 arg1 targets 2040:2046 potential targets 2030:2046 potential targets 2030:2046 These proteins offer potential for further exploration as biomarkers and potential targets for metastatic colorectal cancer. 26495974 6 28 theme metastatic 1367:1376 arg1 specimens 1396:1404 the metastatic colorectal cancer specimens 1363:1404 the metastatic colorectal cancer specimens 1363:1404 Affinity purification using the lectin HPA followed by proteomic analysis revealed annexin 4, annexin 5 and CLCA1 to be increased in the metastatic colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 3 29 theme O-linked 685:692 arg1 glycosylation 694:706 O-linked glycosylation 685:706 O-linked glycosylation 685:706 METHODOLOGY In this study a glycoproteomic approach was used to identify glycoproteins exhibiting alterations in glycosylation in colorectal cancer and to evaluate the changes in O-linked glycosylation in the context of the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status. 26495974 1 30 theme Protein 143:149 arg1 modification 200:211 an important post-translational modification 168:211 an important post-translational modification shown to be altered in all tumour types studied to date 168:267 BACKGROUND Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification shown to be altered in all tumour types studied to date. 26495974 1 30 theme Protein 143:149 arg1 glycosylation 151:163 BACKGROUND Protein glycosylation 132:163 BACKGROUND Protein glycosylation 132:163 BACKGROUND Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification shown to be altered in all tumour types studied to date. 26495974 7 31 theme = 1645:1645 arg1 P 1643:1643 P = 0.0007 1643:1652 P = 0.0007 1643:1652 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 6 32 theme proteomic 1285:1293 arg1 analysis 1295:1302 proteomic analysis 1285:1302 proteomic analysis 1285:1302 Affinity purification using the lectin HPA followed by proteomic analysis revealed annexin 4, annexin 5 and CLCA1 to be increased in the metastatic colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 0 33 theme Helix 63:67 arg1 Agglutinin 77:86 the Lectin Helix pomatia Agglutinin 52:86 the Lectin Helix pomatia Agglutinin as Markers of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer 52:129 Identification of O-Linked Glycoproteins Binding to the Lectin Helix pomatia Agglutinin as Markers of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. 26495974 4 34 from pomatia 845:851 arg1 purification 783:794 Affinity purification 774:794 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) 774:868 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 4 35 with electrophoresis 903:917 arg1 spectrometry 929:940 mass spectrometry 924:940 mass spectrometry 924:940 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 3 36 gly glycoproteins 579:591 arg1 glycoproteins 579:591 glycoproteins 579:591 glycoproteins exhibiting alterations in glycosylation in colorectal cancer 579:652 METHODOLOGY In this study a glycoproteomic approach was used to identify glycoproteins exhibiting alterations in glycosylation in colorectal cancer and to evaluate the changes in O-linked glycosylation in the context of the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status. 26495974 10 37 theme colorectal 2063:2072 arg1 cancer 2074:2079 metastatic colorectal cancer 2052:2079 metastatic colorectal cancer 2052:2079 These proteins offer potential for further exploration as biomarkers and potential targets for metastatic colorectal cancer. 26495974 5 38 theme colorectal 1211:1220 arg1 cancer 1222:1227 metastatic colorectal cancer 1200:1227 metastatic colorectal cancer 1200:1227 RESULTS Aberrant O-linked glycosylation was observed to be an early event that occurred irrespective of the p53 and KRAS status and correlating with metastatic colorectal cancer. 26495974 1 39 theme important 171:179 arg1 modification 200:211 an important post-translational modification 168:211 an important post-translational modification shown to be altered in all tumour types studied to date 168:267 BACKGROUND Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification shown to be altered in all tumour types studied to date. 26495974 1 39 theme important 171:179 arg1 glycosylation 151:163 BACKGROUND Protein glycosylation 132:163 BACKGROUND Protein glycosylation 132:163 BACKGROUND Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification shown to be altered in all tumour types studied to date. 26495974 7 40 theme square 1629:1634 arg1 11.45 1636:1640 Chi square 11.45 1625:1640 annexin A4: Chi square 11.45 1613:1640 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 4 41 theme human 1016:1020 arg1 specimens 1040:1048 human colorectal cancer specimens 1016:1048 human colorectal cancer specimens 1016:1048 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 2 42 theme Mucin 270:274 arg1 carriers 325:332 important carriers 315:332 important carriers of O-linked glycans 315:352 Mucin glycoproteins have been established as important carriers of O-linked glycans but other glycoproteins exhibiting altered glycosylation repertoires have yet to be identified but offer potential as biomarkers for metastatic cancer. 26495974 2 42 theme Mucin 270:274 arg1 glycoproteins 276:288 Mucin glycoproteins 270:288 Mucin glycoproteins 270:288 Mucin glycoproteins have been established as important carriers of O-linked glycans but other glycoproteins exhibiting altered glycosylation repertoires have yet to be identified but offer potential as biomarkers for metastatic cancer. 26495974 4 43 theme binding 818:824 arg1 protein 826:832 the carbohydrate binding protein 801:832 the carbohydrate binding protein 801:832 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 3 44 from alterations 604:614 arg1 glycosylation 619:631 glycosylation 619:631 glycosylation in colorectal cancer 619:652 METHODOLOGY In this study a glycoproteomic approach was used to identify glycoproteins exhibiting alterations in glycosylation in colorectal cancer and to evaluate the changes in O-linked glycosylation in the context of the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status. 26495974 5 45 theme KRAS 1167:1170 arg1 status 1172:1177 the p53 and KRAS status 1155:1177 the p53 and KRAS status 1155:1177 RESULTS Aberrant O-linked glycosylation was observed to be an early event that occurred irrespective of the p53 and KRAS status and correlating with metastatic colorectal cancer. 26495974 4 46 gly glycoproteins 997:1009 arg1 glycoproteins 997:1009 low abundance O-linked glycoproteins 974:1009 low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens 974:1048 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 4 47 theme cancer 1033:1038 arg1 specimens 1040:1048 human colorectal cancer specimens 1016:1048 human colorectal cancer specimens 1016:1048 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 3 48 from changes 674:680 arg1 glycosylation 694:706 O-linked glycosylation 685:706 O-linked glycosylation 685:706 METHODOLOGY In this study a glycoproteomic approach was used to identify glycoproteins exhibiting alterations in glycosylation in colorectal cancer and to evaluate the changes in O-linked glycosylation in the context of the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status. 26495974 3 48 from changes 674:680 arg1 context 715:721 the context 711:721 the context of the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status 711:771 METHODOLOGY In this study a glycoproteomic approach was used to identify glycoproteins exhibiting alterations in glycosylation in colorectal cancer and to evaluate the changes in O-linked glycosylation in the context of the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status. 26495974 0 49 theme Metastatic 102:111 arg1 Cancer 124:129 Metastatic Colorectal Cancer 102:129 Metastatic Colorectal Cancer 102:129 Identification of O-Linked Glycoproteins Binding to the Lectin Helix pomatia Agglutinin as Markers of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. 26495974 7 50 dep HPA 1655:1657 arg1 9.065 1671:1675 Chi square 9.065 1660:1675 HPA: Chi square 9.065 1655:1675 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 5 51 theme Aberrant 1059:1066 arg1 event 1119:1123 an early event 1110:1123 an early event that occurred irrespective of the p53 and KRAS status and correlating with metastatic colorectal cancer 1110:1227 RESULTS Aberrant O-linked glycosylation was observed to be an early event that occurred irrespective of the p53 and KRAS status and correlating with metastatic colorectal cancer. 26495974 5 51 theme Aberrant 1059:1066 arg1 glycosylation 1077:1089 Aberrant O-linked glycosylation 1059:1089 Aberrant O-linked glycosylation 1059:1089 RESULTS Aberrant O-linked glycosylation was observed to be an early event that occurred irrespective of the p53 and KRAS status and correlating with metastatic colorectal cancer. 26495974 2 52 theme metastatic 487:496 arg1 cancer 498:503 metastatic cancer 487:503 metastatic cancer 487:503 Mucin glycoproteins have been established as important carriers of O-linked glycans but other glycoproteins exhibiting altered glycosylation repertoires have yet to be identified but offer potential as biomarkers for metastatic cancer. 26495974 8 53 theme metastatic 1839:1848 arg1 cancer 1861:1866 metastatic colorectal cancer 1839:1866 metastatic colorectal cancer 1839:1866 CONCLUSION Glycoproteins showing changes in O-linked glycosylation in metastatic colorectal cancer have been identified. 26495974 0 54 theme O-Linked 18:25 arg1 Glycoproteins 27:39 O-Linked Glycoproteins 18:39 O-Linked Glycoproteins 18:39 Identification of O-Linked Glycoproteins Binding to the Lectin Helix pomatia Agglutinin as Markers of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. 26495974 7 55 theme significant 1497:1507 arg1 association 1509:1519 a significant association 1495:1519 a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis 1495:1595 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 5 56 theme early 1113:1117 arg1 event 1119:1123 an early event 1110:1123 an early event that occurred irrespective of the p53 and KRAS status and correlating with metastatic colorectal cancer 1110:1227 RESULTS Aberrant O-linked glycosylation was observed to be an early event that occurred irrespective of the p53 and KRAS status and correlating with metastatic colorectal cancer. 26495974 5 56 theme early 1113:1117 arg1 glycosylation 1077:1089 Aberrant O-linked glycosylation 1059:1089 Aberrant O-linked glycosylation 1059:1089 RESULTS Aberrant O-linked glycosylation was observed to be an early event that occurred irrespective of the p53 and KRAS status and correlating with metastatic colorectal cancer. 26495974 8 57 theme CONCLUSION 1769:1778 arg1 Glycoproteins 1780:1792 CONCLUSION Glycoproteins 1769:1792 CONCLUSION Glycoproteins showing changes in O-linked glycosylation in metastatic colorectal cancer 1769:1866 CONCLUSION Glycoproteins showing changes in O-linked glycosylation in metastatic colorectal cancer have been identified. 26495974 1 58 theme tumour 240:245 arg1 types 247:251 all tumour types 236:251 all tumour types studied to date 236:267 BACKGROUND Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification shown to be altered in all tumour types studied to date. 26495974 2 59 theme altered 389:395 arg1 repertoires 411:421 altered glycosylation repertoires 389:421 altered glycosylation repertoires 389:421 Mucin glycoproteins have been established as important carriers of O-linked glycans but other glycoproteins exhibiting altered glycosylation repertoires have yet to be identified but offer potential as biomarkers for metastatic cancer. 26495974 8 60 from glycosylation 1822:1834 arg1 cancer 1861:1866 metastatic colorectal cancer 1839:1866 metastatic colorectal cancer 1839:1866 CONCLUSION Glycoproteins showing changes in O-linked glycosylation in metastatic colorectal cancer have been identified. 26495974 1 61 theme post-translational 181:198 arg1 modification 200:211 an important post-translational modification 168:211 an important post-translational modification shown to be altered in all tumour types studied to date 168:267 BACKGROUND Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification shown to be altered in all tumour types studied to date. 26495974 1 61 theme post-translational 181:198 arg1 glycosylation 151:163 BACKGROUND Protein glycosylation 132:163 BACKGROUND Protein glycosylation 132:163 BACKGROUND Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification shown to be altered in all tumour types studied to date. 26495974 7 62 theme staining 1533:1540 arg1 score 1542:1546 the staining score 1529:1546 the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis 1529:1595 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 7 63 theme P 1756:1756 arg1 0.0002 1760:1765 Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002 1738:1765 Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002 1738:1765 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 3 64 theme mutation 757:764 arg1 status 766:771 the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status 726:771 the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status 726:771 METHODOLOGY In this study a glycoproteomic approach was used to identify glycoproteins exhibiting alterations in glycosylation in colorectal cancer and to evaluate the changes in O-linked glycosylation in the context of the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status. 26495974 2 65 theme O-linked 337:344 arg1 glycans 346:352 O-linked glycans 337:352 O-linked glycans 337:352 Mucin glycoproteins have been established as important carriers of O-linked glycans but other glycoproteins exhibiting altered glycosylation repertoires have yet to be identified but offer potential as biomarkers for metastatic cancer. 26495974 4 66 dep pomatia 845:851 arg1 agglutinin 853:862 agglutinin 853:862 Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) 839:868 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 4 66 dep pomatia 845:851 arg1 HPA 865:867 HPA 865:867 HPA 865:867 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 4 67 theme gel 899:901 arg1 electrophoresis 903:917 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis 885:917 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry 885:940 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 9 68 theme p53 1936:1938 arg1 independent 1921:1931 independent 1921:1931 independent 1921:1931 The glycosylation changes were independent of p53 and KRAS status. 26495974 9 68 theme p53 1936:1938 arg1 changes 1908:1914 The glycosylation changes 1890:1914 The glycosylation changes 1890:1914 The glycosylation changes were independent of p53 and KRAS status. 26495974 7 69 theme Chi 1660:1662 arg1 9.065 1671:1675 Chi square 9.065 1660:1675 HPA: Chi square 9.065 1655:1675 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 4 70 theme low 974:976 arg1 glycoproteins 997:1009 low abundance O-linked glycoproteins 974:1009 low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens 974:1048 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 9 71 theme KRAS 1944:1947 arg1 independent 1921:1931 independent 1921:1931 independent 1921:1931 The glycosylation changes were independent of p53 and KRAS status. 26495974 9 71 theme KRAS 1944:1947 arg1 changes 1908:1914 The glycosylation changes 1890:1914 The glycosylation changes 1890:1914 The glycosylation changes were independent of p53 and KRAS status. 26495974 2 72 theme other 358:362 arg1 glycoproteins 364:376 other glycoproteins 358:376 other glycoproteins exhibiting altered glycosylation repertoires 358:421 Mucin glycoproteins have been established as important carriers of O-linked glycans but other glycoproteins exhibiting altered glycosylation repertoires have yet to be identified but offer potential as biomarkers for metastatic cancer. 26495974 4 73 theme O-linked 988:995 arg1 glycoproteins 997:1009 low abundance O-linked glycoproteins 974:1009 low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens 974:1048 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 7 74 theme specimens 1469:1477 arg1 set 1462:1464 a further independent set 1440:1464 a further independent set of specimens 1440:1477 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 7 74 theme specimens 1469:1477 arg1 specimens 1469:1477 specimens 1469:1477 specimens 1469:1477 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 10 75 theme further 1992:1998 arg1 exploration 2000:2010 further exploration 1992:2010 further exploration 1992:2010 These proteins offer potential for further exploration as biomarkers and potential targets for metastatic colorectal cancer. 26495974 8 76 link O-linked 1813:1820 arg1 glycosylation 1822:1834 O-linked glycosylation 1813:1834 O-linked glycosylation in metastatic colorectal cancer 1813:1866 CONCLUSION Glycoproteins showing changes in O-linked glycosylation in metastatic colorectal cancer have been identified. 26495974 8 77 from changes 1802:1808 arg1 glycosylation 1822:1834 O-linked glycosylation 1813:1834 O-linked glycosylation in metastatic colorectal cancer 1813:1866 CONCLUSION Glycoproteins showing changes in O-linked glycosylation in metastatic colorectal cancer have been identified. 26495974 6 78 theme colorectal 1378:1387 arg1 specimens 1396:1404 the metastatic colorectal cancer specimens 1363:1404 the metastatic colorectal cancer specimens 1363:1404 Affinity purification using the lectin HPA followed by proteomic analysis revealed annexin 4, annexin 5 and CLCA1 to be increased in the metastatic colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 4 79 from identification 956:969 arg1 specimens 1040:1048 human colorectal cancer specimens 1016:1048 human colorectal cancer specimens 1016:1048 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 1 80 theme BACKGROUND 132:141 arg1 modification 200:211 an important post-translational modification 168:211 an important post-translational modification shown to be altered in all tumour types studied to date 168:267 BACKGROUND Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification shown to be altered in all tumour types studied to date. 26495974 1 80 theme BACKGROUND 132:141 arg1 glycosylation 151:163 BACKGROUND Protein glycosylation 132:163 BACKGROUND Protein glycosylation 132:163 BACKGROUND Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification shown to be altered in all tumour types studied to date. 26495974 7 81 theme square 1742:1747 arg1 0.0002 1760:1765 Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002 1738:1765 Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002 1738:1765 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 7 82 theme further 1442:1448 arg1 set 1462:1464 a further independent set 1440:1464 a further independent set of specimens 1440:1477 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 7 82 theme further 1442:1448 arg1 specimens 1469:1477 specimens 1469:1477 specimens 1469:1477 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 0 83 theme pomatia 69:75 arg1 Agglutinin 77:86 the Lectin Helix pomatia Agglutinin 52:86 the Lectin Helix pomatia Agglutinin as Markers of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer 52:129 Identification of O-Linked Glycoproteins Binding to the Lectin Helix pomatia Agglutinin as Markers of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. 26495974 9 84 dep p53 1936:1938 arg1 status 1949:1954 status 1949:1954 status 1949:1954 The glycosylation changes were independent of p53 and KRAS status. 26495974 5 85 theme metastatic 1200:1209 arg1 cancer 1222:1227 metastatic colorectal cancer 1200:1227 metastatic colorectal cancer 1200:1227 RESULTS Aberrant O-linked glycosylation was observed to be an early event that occurred irrespective of the p53 and KRAS status and correlating with metastatic colorectal cancer. 26495974 7 86 dep showed 1488:1493 arg1 A4 1621:1622 annexin A4 1613:1622 annexin A4: Chi square 11.45 1613:1640 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 7 87 theme Chi 1625:1627 arg1 11.45 1636:1640 Chi square 11.45 1625:1640 annexin A4: Chi square 11.45 1613:1640 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 10 88 theme metastatic 2052:2061 arg1 cancer 2074:2079 metastatic colorectal cancer 2052:2079 metastatic colorectal cancer 2052:2079 These proteins offer potential for further exploration as biomarkers and potential targets for metastatic colorectal cancer. 26495974 4 89 theme carbohydrate 805:816 arg1 protein 826:832 the carbohydrate binding protein 801:832 the carbohydrate binding protein 801:832 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 0 90 theme Colorectal 113:122 arg1 Cancer 124:129 Metastatic Colorectal Cancer 102:129 Metastatic Colorectal Cancer 102:129 Identification of O-Linked Glycoproteins Binding to the Lectin Helix pomatia Agglutinin as Markers of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. 26495974 4 91 theme colorectal 1022:1031 arg1 specimens 1040:1048 human colorectal cancer specimens 1016:1048 human colorectal cancer specimens 1016:1048 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 7 92 dep annexin 1710:1716 arg1 0.0002 1760:1765 Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002 1738:1765 Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002 1738:1765 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 8 93 theme O-linked 1813:1820 arg1 glycosylation 1822:1834 O-linked glycosylation 1813:1834 O-linked glycosylation in metastatic colorectal cancer 1813:1866 CONCLUSION Glycoproteins showing changes in O-linked glycosylation in metastatic colorectal cancer have been identified. 26495974 4 94 theme Affinity 774:781 arg1 purification 783:794 Affinity purification 774:794 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) 774:868 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 0 95 theme Glycoproteins 27:39 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification of O-Linked Glycoproteins 0:39 Identification of O-Linked Glycoproteins Binding to the Lectin Helix pomatia Agglutinin as Markers of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. 26495974 3 96 link O-linked 685:692 arg1 glycosylation 694:706 O-linked glycosylation 685:706 O-linked glycosylation 685:706 METHODOLOGY In this study a glycoproteomic approach was used to identify glycoproteins exhibiting alterations in glycosylation in colorectal cancer and to evaluate the changes in O-linked glycosylation in the context of the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status. 26495974 7 97 theme annexin 1613:1619 arg1 A4 1621:1622 annexin A4 1613:1622 annexin A4: Chi square 11.45 1613:1640 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 7 98 theme = 1680:1680 arg1 P 1678:1678 P = 0.0026 1678:1687 P = 0.0026 1678:1687 The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). 26495974 8 99 gly glycosylation 1822:1834 arg1 cancer 1861:1866 metastatic colorectal cancer 1839:1866 metastatic colorectal cancer 1839:1866 CONCLUSION Glycoproteins showing changes in O-linked glycosylation in metastatic colorectal cancer have been identified. 26495974 0 100 theme Lectin 56:61 arg1 Agglutinin 77:86 the Lectin Helix pomatia Agglutinin 52:86 the Lectin Helix pomatia Agglutinin as Markers of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer 52:129 Identification of O-Linked Glycoproteins Binding to the Lectin Helix pomatia Agglutinin as Markers of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. 26495974 2 101 gly glycoproteins 364:376 arg1 glycoproteins 364:376 other glycoproteins 358:376 other glycoproteins exhibiting altered glycosylation repertoires 358:421 Mucin glycoproteins have been established as important carriers of O-linked glycans but other glycoproteins exhibiting altered glycosylation repertoires have yet to be identified but offer potential as biomarkers for metastatic cancer. 26495974 3 102 theme p53 730:732 arg1 status 766:771 the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status 726:771 the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status 726:771 METHODOLOGY In this study a glycoproteomic approach was used to identify glycoproteins exhibiting alterations in glycosylation in colorectal cancer and to evaluate the changes in O-linked glycosylation in the context of the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status. 26495974 3 103 theme glycoproteomic 534:547 arg1 approach 549:556 a glycoproteomic approach 532:556 a glycoproteomic approach 532:556 METHODOLOGY In this study a glycoproteomic approach was used to identify glycoproteins exhibiting alterations in glycosylation in colorectal cancer and to evaluate the changes in O-linked glycosylation in the context of the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status. 26495974 5 104 theme O-linked 1068:1075 arg1 event 1119:1123 an early event 1110:1123 an early event that occurred irrespective of the p53 and KRAS status and correlating with metastatic colorectal cancer 1110:1227 RESULTS Aberrant O-linked glycosylation was observed to be an early event that occurred irrespective of the p53 and KRAS status and correlating with metastatic colorectal cancer. 26495974 5 104 theme O-linked 1068:1075 arg1 glycosylation 1077:1089 Aberrant O-linked glycosylation 1059:1089 Aberrant O-linked glycosylation 1059:1089 RESULTS Aberrant O-linked glycosylation was observed to be an early event that occurred irrespective of the p53 and KRAS status and correlating with metastatic colorectal cancer. 26495974 4 105 theme Helix 839:843 arg1 pomatia 845:851 Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) 839:868 Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) 839:868 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 2 106 theme glycans 346:352 arg1 carriers 325:332 important carriers 315:332 important carriers of O-linked glycans 315:352 Mucin glycoproteins have been established as important carriers of O-linked glycans but other glycoproteins exhibiting altered glycosylation repertoires have yet to be identified but offer potential as biomarkers for metastatic cancer. 26495974 2 106 theme glycans 346:352 arg1 glycoproteins 276:288 Mucin glycoproteins 270:288 Mucin glycoproteins 270:288 Mucin glycoproteins have been established as important carriers of O-linked glycans but other glycoproteins exhibiting altered glycosylation repertoires have yet to be identified but offer potential as biomarkers for metastatic cancer. 26495974 3 107 dep METHODOLOGY 506:516 arg1 study 526:530 this study 521:530 this study 521:530 METHODOLOGY In this study a glycoproteomic approach was used to identify glycoproteins exhibiting alterations in glycosylation in colorectal cancer and to evaluate the changes in O-linked glycosylation in the context of the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status. 26495974 4 108 link O-linked 988:995 arg1 glycoproteins 997:1009 low abundance O-linked glycoproteins 974:1009 low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens 974:1048 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 3 109 theme codon 744:748 arg1 12/13 750:754 codon 12/13 744:754 codon 12/13 744:754 METHODOLOGY In this study a glycoproteomic approach was used to identify glycoproteins exhibiting alterations in glycosylation in colorectal cancer and to evaluate the changes in O-linked glycosylation in the context of the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status. 26495974 3 109 theme codon 744:748 arg1 p53 730:732 p53 730:732 p53 730:732 METHODOLOGY In this study a glycoproteomic approach was used to identify glycoproteins exhibiting alterations in glycosylation in colorectal cancer and to evaluate the changes in O-linked glycosylation in the context of the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status. 26495974 3 110 used used 562:565 arg2 approach 549:556 a glycoproteomic approach 532:556 a glycoproteomic approach 532:556 METHODOLOGY In this study a glycoproteomic approach was used to identify glycoproteins exhibiting alterations in glycosylation in colorectal cancer and to evaluate the changes in O-linked glycosylation in the context of the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status. 26495974 2 111 theme glycosylation 397:409 arg1 repertoires 411:421 altered glycosylation repertoires 389:421 altered glycosylation repertoires 389:421 Mucin glycoproteins have been established as important carriers of O-linked glycans but other glycoproteins exhibiting altered glycosylation repertoires have yet to be identified but offer potential as biomarkers for metastatic cancer. 26495974 4 112 from specimens 1040:1048 arg1 identification 956:969 the identification 952:969 the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens 952:1048 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 26495974 4 112 from specimens 1040:1048 arg1 glycoproteins 997:1009 low abundance O-linked glycoproteins 974:1009 low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens 974:1048 Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. 29030250 5 0 dep protein 993:999 arg1 iii 983:985 iii 983:985 iii 983:985 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 3 1 theme lipids 593:598 arg1 levels 583:588 different levels 573:588 different levels of lipids (L) 573:602 The goal of this study was to investigate the ability of FOS, combined or not with a high level of protein (P), to affect energy intake and body composition when included in diets containing different levels of lipids (L). 29030250 5 2 theme normal 926:931 arg1 protein 933:939 (ii) normal protein 921:939 (ii) normal protein 921:939 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 8 3 theme fat 1676:1678 arg1 mass 1680:1683 fat mass 1676:1683 fat mass 1676:1683 In high-fat fed rats, FOS did not affect LBM but reduced fat mass and adiposity. 29030250 6 4 dep experiment 1099:1108 arg1 protein 1279:1285 (i) normal protein 1268:1285 (i) normal protein 1268:1285 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 4 dep experiment 1099:1108 arg1 received 1199:1206 received 1199:1206 received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group) 1199:1265 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 4 dep experiment 1099:1108 arg1 % 1305:1305 35% 1303:1305 a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat) 1090:1313 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 5 theme adaptation 1144:1153 arg1 period 1134:1139 the 3-week period 1123:1139 the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet 1123:1187 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 10 6 theme fed 1822:1824 arg1 rats 1826:1829 low-fat fed rats 1814:1829 low-fat fed rats 1814:1829 FOS reduced energy intake in low-fat fed rats, did not affect energy intake in normal-protein high-fat fed rats but surprisingly, and significantly, increased energy intake in high-protein high-fat fed rats. 29030250 3 7 theme high 467:470 arg1 level 472:476 a high level 465:476 a high level of protein (P) 465:491 The goal of this study was to investigate the ability of FOS, combined or not with a high level of protein (P), to affect energy intake and body composition when included in diets containing different levels of lipids (L). 29030250 11 8 theme body 2059:2062 arg1 fat 2064:2066 body fat 2059:2066 body fat 2059:2066 The results thus showed that FOS added to a high-fat diet reduced body fat and body adiposity. 29030250 6 9 theme % 1371:1371 arg1 FOS 1373:1375 10% FOS 1369:1375 10% FOS 1369:1375 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 10 theme low 1047:1049 arg1 protein 871:877 (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet 860:1058 protein 871:877 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 10 theme low 1047:1049 arg1 diet 1055:1058 low fat diet 1047:1058 low fat diet 1047:1058 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 11 theme adaptation 734:743 arg1 period 724:729 a 3-week period 715:729 a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet 715:776 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 11 12 theme body 2072:2075 arg1 adiposity 2077:2085 body adiposity 2072:2085 body adiposity 2072:2085 The results thus showed that FOS added to a high-fat diet reduced body fat and body adiposity. 29030250 5 13 theme normal 864:869 arg1 protein 871:877 (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet 860:1058 protein 871:877 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 13 theme normal 864:869 arg1 diet 1055:1058 low fat diet 1047:1058 low fat diet 1047:1058 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 14 dep diets 823:827 arg1 protein 871:877 (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet 860:1058 protein 871:877 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 14 dep diets 823:827 arg1 diet 1055:1058 low fat diet 1047:1058 low fat diet 1047:1058 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 7 15 theme lean 1514:1517 arg1 mass 1524:1527 lean body mass 1514:1527 lean body mass (LBM) 1514:1533 In low-fat fed rats, FOS did not affect lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass but the protein level reduced fat mass and tended to reduce adiposity. 29030250 7 15 theme lean 1514:1517 arg1 LBM 1530:1532 LBM 1530:1532 LBM 1530:1532 In low-fat fed rats, FOS did not affect lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass but the protein level reduced fat mass and tended to reduce adiposity. 29030250 1 16 theme diets 211:215 arg1 ingestion 180:188 The ingestion 176:188 The ingestion of low or high lipid diets enriched with fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) 176:258 The ingestion of low or high lipid diets enriched with fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) affects energy homeostasis. 29030250 3 17 theme energy 504:509 arg1 intake 511:516 energy intake 504:516 energy intake 504:516 The goal of this study was to investigate the ability of FOS, combined or not with a high level of protein (P), to affect energy intake and body composition when included in diets containing different levels of lipids (L). 29030250 0 18 from adiposity 63:71 arg1 rats 76:79 rats 76:79 rats fed a low-fat diet 76:98 Fructo-oligosaccharides reduce energy intake but do not affect adiposity in rats fed a low-fat diet but increase energy intake and reduce fat mass in rats fed a high-fat diet. 29030250 6 19 theme high 1397:1400 arg1 diet 1406:1409 (iii) high protein high fat diet 1378:1409 (iii) high protein high fat diet 1378:1409 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 20 theme protein-high 1167:1178 arg1 diet 1184:1187 a normal protein-high fat diet 1158:1187 a normal protein-high fat diet 1158:1187 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 10 21 theme energy 1847:1852 arg1 intake 1854:1859 energy intake 1847:1859 energy intake in normal-protein high-fat fed rats 1847:1895 FOS reduced energy intake in low-fat fed rats, did not affect energy intake in normal-protein high-fat fed rats but surprisingly, and significantly, increased energy intake in high-protein high-fat fed rats. 29030250 6 22 dep diet 1406:1409 arg1 iii 1379:1381 iii 1379:1381 iii 1379:1381 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 23 theme high 1384:1387 arg1 diet 1406:1409 (iii) high protein high fat diet 1378:1409 (iii) high protein high fat diet 1378:1409 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 7 24 theme low-fat 1477:1483 arg1 rats 1489:1492 low-fat fed rats 1477:1492 low-fat fed rats 1477:1492 In low-fat fed rats, FOS did not affect lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass but the protein level reduced fat mass and tended to reduce adiposity. 29030250 5 25 theme 10 973:974 arg1 % 975:975 % 975:975 % 975:975 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 26 theme diets 1231:1235 arg1 one 1208:1210 one 1208:1210 one 1208:1210 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 26 theme diets 1231:1235 arg1 diets 1231:1235 the following 4 diets 1215:1235 the following 4 diets 1215:1235 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 27 theme protein-low 757:767 arg1 diet 773:776 a normal protein-low fat diet 748:776 a normal protein-low fat diet 748:776 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 28 dep protein 1038:1044 arg1 iv 1029:1030 iv 1029:1030 iv 1029:1030 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 29 theme normal 1272:1277 arg1 protein 1279:1285 (i) normal protein 1268:1285 (i) normal protein 1268:1285 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 30 theme fat 1438:1440 arg1 diet 1442:1445 (iv) high protein high fat diet 1415:1445 (iv) high protein high fat diet 1415:1445 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 31 theme % 882:882 arg1 L/E 910:912 10% L/E 906:912 10% L/E 906:912 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 31 theme % 882:882 arg1 P/E 1005:1007 55%P/E 1002:1007 55%P/E 1002:1007 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 31 theme % 882:882 arg1 fat 901:903 14% P/E (Energy) low fat 880:903 14% P/E (Energy) low fat 880:903 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 32 theme following 1219:1227 arg1 diets 1231:1235 the following 4 diets 1215:1235 the following 4 diets 1215:1235 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 33 theme following 808:816 arg1 diets 823:827 the following four diets 804:827 the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS 804:1084 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 34 theme % 1080:1080 arg1 FOS 1082:1084 10% FOS 1078:1084 10% FOS 1078:1084 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 10 35 from intake 1854:1859 arg1 rats 1892:1895 normal-protein high-fat fed rats 1864:1895 normal-protein high-fat fed rats 1864:1895 FOS reduced energy intake in low-fat fed rats, did not affect energy intake in normal-protein high-fat fed rats but surprisingly, and significantly, increased energy intake in high-protein high-fat fed rats. 29030250 6 36 theme protein 1425:1431 arg1 diet 1442:1445 (iv) high protein high fat diet 1415:1445 (iv) high protein high fat diet 1415:1445 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 37 theme diets 823:827 arg1 one 797:799 one 797:799 one 797:799 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 37 theme diets 823:827 arg1 diets 823:827 the following four diets 804:827 the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS 804:1084 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 7 38 theme body 1519:1522 arg1 mass 1524:1527 lean body mass 1514:1527 lean body mass (LBM) 1514:1533 In low-fat fed rats, FOS did not affect lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass but the protein level reduced fat mass and tended to reduce adiposity. 29030250 7 38 theme body 1519:1522 arg1 LBM 1530:1532 LBM 1530:1532 LBM 1530:1532 In low-fat fed rats, FOS did not affect lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass but the protein level reduced fat mass and tended to reduce adiposity. 29030250 10 39 theme energy 1944:1949 arg1 intake 1951:1956 energy intake 1944:1956 energy intake 1944:1956 FOS reduced energy intake in low-fat fed rats, did not affect energy intake in normal-protein high-fat fed rats but surprisingly, and significantly, increased energy intake in high-protein high-fat fed rats. 29030250 5 40 theme low 1010:1012 arg1 diet 1018:1021 low fat diet 1010:1021 low fat diet 1010:1021 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 2 41 theme intake 348:353 arg1 depression 327:336 a depression 325:336 a depression of energy intake 325:353 Ingesting protein diets also induces a depression of energy intake and decreases body weight. 29030250 6 42 theme fat 1310:1312 arg1 diet 1346:1349 high fat diet 1337:1349 high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS 1337:1375 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 42 theme fat 1310:1312 arg1 diet 1406:1409 (iii) high protein high fat diet 1378:1409 (iii) high protein high fat diet 1378:1409 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 42 theme fat 1310:1312 arg1 exp2 1111:1114 exp2 1111:1114 exp2 1111:1114 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 42 theme fat 1310:1312 arg1 protein 1328:1334 (ii) normal protein 1316:1334 (ii) normal protein 1316:1334 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 42 theme fat 1310:1312 arg1 diet 1297:1300 high fat diet 1288:1300 high fat diet 1288:1300 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 42 theme fat 1310:1312 arg1 diet 1442:1445 (iv) high protein high fat diet 1415:1445 (iv) high protein high fat diet 1415:1445 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 42 theme fat 1310:1312 arg1 experiment 1099:1108 a second experiment 1090:1108 a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group) 1090:1265 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 4 43 theme design 641:646 arg1 studies 622:628 two studies 618:628 two studies of similar design 618:646 We performed two studies of similar design over a period of 5weeks. 29030250 10 44 theme high-fat 1974:1981 arg1 rats 1987:1990 high-protein high-fat fed rats 1961:1990 high-protein high-fat fed rats 1961:1990 FOS reduced energy intake in low-fat fed rats, did not affect energy intake in normal-protein high-fat fed rats but surprisingly, and significantly, increased energy intake in high-protein high-fat fed rats. 29030250 0 45 theme energy 31:36 arg1 intake 38:43 energy intake 31:43 energy intake 31:43 Fructo-oligosaccharides reduce energy intake but do not affect adiposity in rats fed a low-fat diet but increase energy intake and reduce fat mass in rats fed a high-fat diet. 29030250 10 46 theme energy 1797:1802 arg1 intake 1804:1809 energy intake 1797:1809 energy intake 1797:1809 FOS reduced energy intake in low-fat fed rats, did not affect energy intake in normal-protein high-fat fed rats but surprisingly, and significantly, increased energy intake in high-protein high-fat fed rats. 29030250 7 47 theme fat 1578:1580 arg1 mass 1582:1585 fat mass 1578:1585 fat mass 1578:1585 In low-fat fed rats, FOS did not affect lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass but the protein level reduced fat mass and tended to reduce adiposity. 29030250 3 48 theme FOS 439:441 arg1 ability 428:434 the ability 424:434 the ability of FOS, combined or not with a high level of protein (P), to affect energy intake and body composition when included in diets containing different levels of lipids (L) 424:602 The goal of this study was to investigate the ability of FOS, combined or not with a high level of protein (P), to affect energy intake and body composition when included in diets containing different levels of lipids (L). 29030250 6 49 dep diet 1442:1445 arg1 iv 1416:1417 iv 1416:1417 iv 1416:1417 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 50 theme fat 1293:1295 arg1 experiment 1099:1108 a second experiment 1090:1108 a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group) 1090:1265 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 50 theme fat 1293:1295 arg1 diet 1297:1300 high fat diet 1288:1300 high fat diet 1288:1300 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 51 theme 10 1465:1466 arg1 % 1467:1467 % 1467:1467 % 1467:1467 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 52 theme high 1033:1036 arg1 protein 1038:1044 (iv) high protein 1028:1044 (iv) high protein 1028:1044 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 2 53 theme protein 298:304 arg1 diets 306:310 protein diets 298:310 protein diets 298:310 Ingesting protein diets also induces a depression of energy intake and decreases body weight. 29030250 5 54 theme low 942:944 arg1 diet 950:953 low fat diet 942:953 low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS 942:979 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 3 55 theme different 573:581 arg1 levels 583:588 different levels 573:588 different levels of lipids (L) 573:602 The goal of this study was to investigate the ability of FOS, combined or not with a high level of protein (P), to affect energy intake and body composition when included in diets containing different levels of lipids (L). 29030250 7 56 theme fat 1539:1541 arg1 mass 1543:1546 fat mass 1539:1546 fat mass 1539:1546 In low-fat fed rats, FOS did not affect lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass but the protein level reduced fat mass and tended to reduce adiposity. 29030250 5 57 theme % 908:908 arg1 L/E 910:912 10% L/E 906:912 10% L/E 906:912 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 57 theme % 908:908 arg1 fat 901:903 14% P/E (Energy) low fat 880:903 14% P/E (Energy) low fat 880:903 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 58 theme normal 1321:1326 arg1 protein 1328:1334 (ii) normal protein 1316:1334 (ii) normal protein 1316:1334 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 1 59 theme lipid 205:209 arg1 diets 211:215 low or high lipid diets 193:215 low or high lipid diets enriched with fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) 193:258 The ingestion of low or high lipid diets enriched with fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) affects energy homeostasis. 29030250 0 60 from mass 142:145 arg1 rats 150:153 rats 150:153 rats fed a high-fat diet 150:173 Fructo-oligosaccharides reduce energy intake but do not affect adiposity in rats fed a low-fat diet but increase energy intake and reduce fat mass in rats fed a high-fat diet. 29030250 0 61 theme high-fat 161:168 arg1 diet 170:173 a high-fat diet 159:173 a high-fat diet 159:173 Fructo-oligosaccharides reduce energy intake but do not affect adiposity in rats fed a low-fat diet but increase energy intake and reduce fat mass in rats fed a high-fat diet. 29030250 9 62 theme additive 1703:1710 arg1 effects 1728:1734 No additive or antagonistic effects 1700:1734 No additive or antagonistic effects between FOS and the protein level 1700:1768 No additive or antagonistic effects between FOS and the protein level were observed. 29030250 6 63 dep protein 1328:1334 arg1 ii 1317:1318 ii 1317:1318 ii 1317:1318 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 10 64 theme high-fat 1879:1886 arg1 rats 1892:1895 normal-protein high-fat fed rats 1864:1895 normal-protein high-fat fed rats 1864:1895 FOS reduced energy intake in low-fat fed rats, did not affect energy intake in normal-protein high-fat fed rats but surprisingly, and significantly, increased energy intake in high-protein high-fat fed rats. 29030250 1 65 theme low 193:195 arg1 diets 211:215 low or high lipid diets 193:215 low or high lipid diets enriched with fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) 193:258 The ingestion of low or high lipid diets enriched with fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) affects energy homeostasis. 29030250 5 66 theme 10 1078:1079 arg1 % 1080:1080 % 1080:1080 % 1080:1080 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 9 67 theme antagonistic 1715:1726 arg1 effects 1728:1734 No additive or antagonistic effects 1700:1734 No additive or antagonistic effects between FOS and the protein level 1700:1768 No additive or antagonistic effects between FOS and the protein level were observed. 29030250 11 68 theme high-fat 2037:2044 arg1 diet 2046:2049 a high-fat diet 2035:2049 a high-fat diet 2035:2049 The results thus showed that FOS added to a high-fat diet reduced body fat and body adiposity. 29030250 5 69 theme 3-week 717:722 arg1 period 724:729 a 3-week period 715:729 a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet 715:776 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 3 70 contain containing 562:571 arg1 diets 556:560 diets 556:560 diets containing different levels of lipids (L) 556:602 The goal of this study was to investigate the ability of FOS, combined or not with a high level of protein (P), to affect energy intake and body composition when included in diets containing different levels of lipids (L). 29030250 3 70 contain containing 562:571 arg2 levels 583:588 different levels 573:588 different levels of lipids (L) 573:602 The goal of this study was to investigate the ability of FOS, combined or not with a high level of protein (P), to affect energy intake and body composition when included in diets containing different levels of lipids (L). 29030250 6 71 theme 3-week 1127:1132 arg1 period 1134:1139 the 3-week period 1123:1139 the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet 1123:1187 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 72 dep 5weeks 1241:1246 arg1 rats 1251:1254 6 rats 1249:1254 6 rats per group 1249:1264 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 73 theme 10 1369:1370 arg1 % 1371:1371 % 1371:1371 % 1371:1371 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 0 74 theme energy 113:118 arg1 intake 120:125 energy intake 113:125 energy intake 113:125 Fructo-oligosaccharides reduce energy intake but do not affect adiposity in rats fed a low-fat diet but increase energy intake and reduce fat mass in rats fed a high-fat diet. 29030250 5 75 theme fat 1051:1053 arg1 protein 871:877 (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet 860:1058 protein 871:877 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 75 theme fat 1051:1053 arg1 diet 1055:1058 low fat diet 1047:1058 low fat diet 1047:1058 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 3 76 theme protein 481:487 arg1 level 472:476 a high level 465:476 a high level of protein (P) 465:491 The goal of this study was to investigate the ability of FOS, combined or not with a high level of protein (P), to affect energy intake and body composition when included in diets containing different levels of lipids (L). 29030250 10 77 theme low-fat 1814:1820 arg1 rats 1826:1829 low-fat fed rats 1814:1829 low-fat fed rats 1814:1829 FOS reduced energy intake in low-fat fed rats, did not affect energy intake in normal-protein high-fat fed rats but surprisingly, and significantly, increased energy intake in high-protein high-fat fed rats. 29030250 10 78 theme normal-protein 1864:1877 arg1 rats 1892:1895 normal-protein high-fat fed rats 1864:1895 normal-protein high-fat fed rats 1864:1895 FOS reduced energy intake in low-fat fed rats, did not affect energy intake in normal-protein high-fat fed rats but surprisingly, and significantly, increased energy intake in high-protein high-fat fed rats. 29030250 9 79 theme protein 1756:1762 arg1 level 1764:1768 the protein level 1752:1768 the protein level 1752:1768 No additive or antagonistic effects between FOS and the protein level were observed. 29030250 5 80 dep 5weeks 833:838 arg1 rats 843:846 6 rats 841:846 6 rats per group 841:856 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 0 81 theme fat 138:140 arg1 mass 142:145 fat mass 138:145 fat mass in rats fed a high-fat diet 138:173 Fructo-oligosaccharides reduce energy intake but do not affect adiposity in rats fed a low-fat diet but increase energy intake and reduce fat mass in rats fed a high-fat diet. 29030250 5 82 theme fat 769:771 arg1 diet 773:776 a normal protein-low fat diet 748:776 a normal protein-low fat diet 748:776 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 83 dep protein 933:939 arg1 ii 922:923 ii 922:923 ii 922:923 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 84 theme fat 1402:1404 arg1 diet 1406:1409 (iii) high protein high fat diet 1378:1409 (iii) high protein high fat diet 1378:1409 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 3 85 theme body 522:525 arg1 composition 527:537 body composition 522:537 body composition 522:537 The goal of this study was to investigate the ability of FOS, combined or not with a high level of protein (P), to affect energy intake and body composition when included in diets containing different levels of lipids (L). 29030250 6 86 theme fat 1180:1182 arg1 diet 1184:1187 a normal protein-high fat diet 1158:1187 a normal protein-high fat diet 1158:1187 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 87 theme protein 1389:1395 arg1 diet 1406:1409 (iii) high protein high fat diet 1378:1409 (iii) high protein high fat diet 1378:1409 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 88 theme normal 1160:1165 arg1 diet 1184:1187 a normal protein-high fat diet 1158:1187 a normal protein-high fat diet 1158:1187 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 89 theme high 1288:1291 arg1 experiment 1099:1108 a second experiment 1090:1108 a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group) 1090:1265 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 89 theme high 1288:1291 arg1 diet 1297:1300 high fat diet 1288:1300 high fat diet 1288:1300 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 10 90 theme fed 1888:1890 arg1 rats 1892:1895 normal-protein high-fat fed rats 1864:1895 normal-protein high-fat fed rats 1864:1895 FOS reduced energy intake in low-fat fed rats, did not affect energy intake in normal-protein high-fat fed rats but surprisingly, and significantly, increased energy intake in high-protein high-fat fed rats. 29030250 5 91 theme low 897:899 arg1 L/E 910:912 10% L/E 906:912 10% L/E 906:912 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 91 theme low 897:899 arg1 P/E 1005:1007 55%P/E 1002:1007 55%P/E 1002:1007 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 91 theme low 897:899 arg1 fat 901:903 14% P/E (Energy) low fat 880:903 14% P/E (Energy) low fat 880:903 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 92 theme normal 750:755 arg1 diet 773:776 a normal protein-low fat diet 748:776 a normal protein-low fat diet 748:776 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 93 dep protein 1279:1285 arg1 i 1269:1269 i 1269:1269 i 1269:1269 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 7 94 theme fed 1485:1487 arg1 rats 1489:1492 low-fat fed rats 1477:1492 low-fat fed rats 1477:1492 In low-fat fed rats, FOS did not affect lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass but the protein level reduced fat mass and tended to reduce adiposity. 29030250 5 95 theme % 975:975 arg1 FOS 977:979 10% FOS 973:979 10% FOS 973:979 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 0 96 theme low-fat 87:93 arg1 diet 95:98 a low-fat diet 85:98 a low-fat diet 85:98 Fructo-oligosaccharides reduce energy intake but do not affect adiposity in rats fed a low-fat diet but increase energy intake and reduce fat mass in rats fed a high-fat diet. 29030250 7 97 theme protein 1556:1562 arg1 level 1564:1568 the protein level 1552:1568 the protein level 1552:1568 In low-fat fed rats, FOS did not affect lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass but the protein level reduced fat mass and tended to reduce adiposity. 29030250 6 98 theme high 1433:1436 arg1 diet 1442:1445 (iv) high protein high fat diet 1415:1445 (iv) high protein high fat diet 1415:1445 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 99 theme % 1004:1004 arg1 P/E 1005:1007 55%P/E 1002:1007 55%P/E 1002:1007 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 99 theme % 1004:1004 arg1 fat 901:903 14% P/E (Energy) low fat 880:903 14% P/E (Energy) low fat 880:903 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 100 theme P/E 884:886 arg1 L/E 910:912 10% L/E 906:912 10% L/E 906:912 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 100 theme P/E 884:886 arg1 P/E 1005:1007 55%P/E 1002:1007 55%P/E 1002:1007 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 100 theme P/E 884:886 arg1 fat 901:903 14% P/E (Energy) low fat 880:903 14% P/E (Energy) low fat 880:903 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 101 theme high 1420:1423 arg1 diet 1442:1445 (iv) high protein high fat diet 1415:1445 (iv) high protein high fat diet 1415:1445 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 3 102 theme study 399:403 arg1 goal 386:389 The goal 382:389 The goal of this study 382:403 The goal of this study was to investigate the ability of FOS, combined or not with a high level of protein (P), to affect energy intake and body composition when included in diets containing different levels of lipids (L). 29030250 5 103 theme first 684:688 arg1 experiment 690:699 the first experiment 680:699 the first experiment (exp1) 680:706 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 103 theme first 684:688 arg1 exp1 702:705 exp1 702:705 exp1 702:705 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 104 theme Energy 889:894 arg1 L/E 910:912 10% L/E 906:912 10% L/E 906:912 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 104 theme Energy 889:894 arg1 P/E 1005:1007 55%P/E 1002:1007 55%P/E 1002:1007 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 104 theme Energy 889:894 arg1 fat 901:903 14% P/E (Energy) low fat 880:903 14% P/E (Energy) low fat 880:903 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 8 105 theme high-fat 1622:1629 arg1 rats 1635:1638 high-fat fed rats 1622:1638 high-fat fed rats 1622:1638 In high-fat fed rats, FOS did not affect LBM but reduced fat mass and adiposity. 29030250 5 106 theme high 988:991 arg1 protein 993:999 (iii) high protein 982:999 (iii) high protein 982:999 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 2 107 theme energy 341:346 arg1 intake 348:353 energy intake 341:353 energy intake 341:353 Ingesting protein diets also induces a depression of energy intake and decreases body weight. 29030250 4 108 theme similar 633:639 arg1 design 641:646 similar design 633:646 similar design 633:646 We performed two studies of similar design over a period of 5weeks. 29030250 8 109 theme fed 1631:1633 arg1 rats 1635:1638 high-fat fed rats 1622:1638 high-fat fed rats 1622:1638 In high-fat fed rats, FOS did not affect LBM but reduced fat mass and adiposity. 29030250 10 110 theme high-protein 1961:1972 arg1 rats 1987:1990 high-protein high-fat fed rats 1961:1990 high-protein high-fat fed rats 1961:1990 FOS reduced energy intake in low-fat fed rats, did not affect energy intake in normal-protein high-fat fed rats but surprisingly, and significantly, increased energy intake in high-protein high-fat fed rats. 29030250 2 111 theme body 369:372 arg1 weight 374:379 body weight 369:379 body weight 369:379 Ingesting protein diets also induces a depression of energy intake and decreases body weight. 29030250 1 112 theme energy 268:273 arg1 homeostasis 275:285 energy homeostasis 268:285 energy homeostasis 268:285 The ingestion of low or high lipid diets enriched with fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) affects energy homeostasis. 29030250 6 113 theme % 1467:1467 arg1 FOS 1469:1471 10% FOS 1465:1471 10% FOS 1465:1471 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 10 114 theme fed 1983:1985 arg1 rats 1987:1990 high-protein high-fat fed rats 1961:1990 high-protein high-fat fed rats 1961:1990 FOS reduced energy intake in low-fat fed rats, did not affect energy intake in normal-protein high-fat fed rats but surprisingly, and significantly, increased energy intake in high-protein high-fat fed rats. 29030250 6 115 theme high 1337:1340 arg1 diet 1346:1349 high fat diet 1337:1349 high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS 1337:1375 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 4 116 theme 5weeks 665:670 arg1 period 655:660 a period 653:660 a period of 5weeks 653:670 We performed two studies of similar design over a period of 5weeks. 29030250 5 117 theme fat 1014:1016 arg1 diet 1018:1021 low fat diet 1010:1021 low fat diet 1010:1021 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 118 theme second 1092:1097 arg1 exp2 1111:1114 exp2 1111:1114 exp2 1111:1114 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 118 theme second 1092:1097 arg1 experiment 1099:1108 a second experiment 1090:1108 a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group) 1090:1265 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 118 theme second 1092:1097 arg1 diet 1297:1300 high fat diet 1288:1300 high fat diet 1288:1300 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 119 theme fat 946:948 arg1 diet 950:953 low fat diet 942:953 low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS 942:979 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 6 120 theme fat 1342:1344 arg1 diet 1346:1349 high fat diet 1337:1349 high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS 1337:1375 In a second experiment (exp2) after the 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-high fat diet, the rats received one of the following 4 diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein, high fat diet (35% of fat), (ii) normal protein, high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein high fat diet and (iv) high protein high fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 121 dep protein 871:877 arg1 protein 933:939 (ii) normal protein 921:939 (ii) normal protein 921:939 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 121 dep protein 871:877 arg1 P/E 1005:1007 55%P/E 1002:1007 55%P/E 1002:1007 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 121 dep protein 871:877 arg1 fat 901:903 14% P/E (Energy) low fat 880:903 14% P/E (Energy) low fat 880:903 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 121 dep protein 871:877 arg1 diet 915:918 diet 915:918 diet 915:918 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 121 dep protein 871:877 arg1 i 861:861 i 861:861 i 861:861 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 121 dep protein 871:877 arg1 protein 993:999 (iii) high protein 982:999 (iii) high protein 982:999 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 121 dep protein 871:877 arg1 diet 950:953 low fat diet 942:953 low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS 942:979 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 121 dep protein 871:877 arg1 diet 1018:1021 low fat diet 1010:1021 low fat diet 1010:1021 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 121 dep protein 871:877 arg1 L/E 910:912 10% L/E 906:912 10% L/E 906:912 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 5 121 dep protein 871:877 arg1 protein 1038:1044 (iv) high protein 1028:1044 (iv) high protein 1028:1044 During the first experiment (exp1), after a 3-week period of adaptation to a normal protein-low fat diet, the rats received one of the following four diets for 5weeks (6 rats per group): (i) normal protein (14% P/E (Energy) low fat (10% L/E) diet, (ii) normal protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS, (iii) high protein (55%P/E) low fat diet, and (iv) high protein, low fat diet supplemented with 10% FOS. 29030250 1 122 theme high 200:203 arg1 diets 211:215 low or high lipid diets 193:215 low or high lipid diets enriched with fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) 193:258 The ingestion of low or high lipid diets enriched with fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) affects energy homeostasis. 26779721 1 0 with proteins 148:155 arg1 modifications 189:201 complex post-translational modifications 162:201 complex post-translational modifications 162:201 The art of producing recombinant proteins with complex post-translational modifications represents a major challenge for studies of structure and function. 26779721 1 1 theme proteins 148:155 arg1 art 119:121 The art 115:121 The art of producing recombinant proteins with complex post-translational modifications 115:201 The art of producing recombinant proteins with complex post-translational modifications represents a major challenge for studies of structure and function. 26779721 1 2 theme function 261:268 arg1 studies 236:242 studies 236:242 studies of structure and function 236:268 The art of producing recombinant proteins with complex post-translational modifications represents a major challenge for studies of structure and function. 26779721 4 3 gly glycoproteins 765:777 arg1 glycoproteins 765:777 three representative glycoproteins 744:777 three representative glycoproteins that expressed with yields between 95-120 mg of purified protein recovered per liter of culture 744:873 The applicability of this system is demonstrated using three representative glycoproteins that expressed with yields between 95-120 mg of purified protein recovered per liter of culture. 26779721 3 4 theme protein 542:548 arg1 expression 550:559 protein expression 542:559 protein expression using the human HEK293F and HEK293S cell lines transfected with a mammalian expression vector designed for high protein yields 542:686 Here is one protocol for protein expression using the human HEK293F and HEK293S cell lines transfected with a mammalian expression vector designed for high protein yields. 26779721 7 5 theme glycan 1388:1393 arg1 modifications 1395:1407 certain glycan modifications 1380:1407 certain glycan modifications 1380:1407 Furthermore, the composition of the N-glycan can be tuned by adding a small molecule to prevent certain glycan modifications in a manner that does not reduce yield. 26779721 5 6 theme N-terminal 982:991 arg1 fusion 997:1002 an N-terminal GFP fusion 979:1002 an N-terminal GFP fusion 979:1002 These proteins are the human FcγRIIIa and the rat α2-6 sialyltransferase, ST6GalI, both expressed with an N-terminal GFP fusion, as well as the unmodified human immunoglobulin G1 Fc. 26779721 0 7 theme Cells 94:98 arg1 Transfection 71:82 the Transient Transfection 57:82 the Transient Transfection of HEK293 Cells in Suspension 57:112 High Yield Expression of Recombinant Human Proteins with the Transient Transfection of HEK293 Cells in Suspension. 26779721 5 8 theme human 1031:1035 arg1 G1 1052:1053 the unmodified human immunoglobulin G1 1016:1053 the unmodified human immunoglobulin G1 Fc 1016:1056 These proteins are the human FcγRIIIa and the rat α2-6 sialyltransferase, ST6GalI, both expressed with an N-terminal GFP fusion, as well as the unmodified human immunoglobulin G1 Fc. 26779721 2 9 from lines 357:361 arg1 establishment 281:293 rapid establishment 275:293 rapid establishment 275:293 The rapid establishment and high recovery from transiently-transfected mammalian cell lines addresses this barrier and is an effective means of expressing proteins that are naturally channeled through the ER and Golgi-mediated secretory pathway. 26779721 2 9 from lines 357:361 arg1 recovery 304:311 high recovery 299:311 high recovery 299:311 The rapid establishment and high recovery from transiently-transfected mammalian cell lines addresses this barrier and is an effective means of expressing proteins that are naturally channeled through the ER and Golgi-mediated secretory pathway. 26779721 6 10 theme nuclear 1243:1249 arg1 resonance 1260:1268 nuclear magnetic resonance 1243:1268 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 1243:1281 This robust system utilizes a serum-free medium that is adaptable for expression of isotopically enriched proteins and carbohydrates for structural studies using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26779721 0 11 theme HEK293 87:92 arg1 Cells 94:98 HEK293 Cells 87:98 HEK293 Cells 87:98 High Yield Expression of Recombinant Human Proteins with the Transient Transfection of HEK293 Cells in Suspension. 26779721 2 12 theme high 299:302 arg1 recovery 304:311 high recovery 299:311 high recovery 299:311 The rapid establishment and high recovery from transiently-transfected mammalian cell lines addresses this barrier and is an effective means of expressing proteins that are naturally channeled through the ER and Golgi-mediated secretory pathway. 26779721 6 13 theme enriched 1156:1163 arg1 proteins 1165:1172 isotopically enriched proteins 1143:1172 isotopically enriched proteins 1143:1172 This robust system utilizes a serum-free medium that is adaptable for expression of isotopically enriched proteins and carbohydrates for structural studies using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26779721 7 14 theme N-glycan 1320:1327 arg1 composition 1301:1311 the composition 1297:1311 the composition of the N-glycan 1297:1327 Furthermore, the composition of the N-glycan can be tuned by adding a small molecule to prevent certain glycan modifications in a manner that does not reduce yield. 26779721 4 15 theme protein 836:842 arg1 mg 821:822 95-120 mg 814:822 95-120 mg of purified protein recovered per liter of culture 814:873 The applicability of this system is demonstrated using three representative glycoproteins that expressed with yields between 95-120 mg of purified protein recovered per liter of culture. 26779721 5 16 theme rat 922:924 arg1 sialyltransferase 931:947 the rat α2-6 sialyltransferase 918:947 the rat α2-6 sialyltransferase 918:947 These proteins are the human FcγRIIIa and the rat α2-6 sialyltransferase, ST6GalI, both expressed with an N-terminal GFP fusion, as well as the unmodified human immunoglobulin G1 Fc. 26779721 1 17 theme complex 162:168 arg1 modifications 189:201 complex post-translational modifications 162:201 complex post-translational modifications 162:201 The art of producing recombinant proteins with complex post-translational modifications represents a major challenge for studies of structure and function. 26779721 2 18 theme Golgi-mediated 483:496 arg1 pathway 508:514 the ER and Golgi-mediated secretory pathway 472:514 pathway 508:514 The rapid establishment and high recovery from transiently-transfected mammalian cell lines addresses this barrier and is an effective means of expressing proteins that are naturally channeled through the ER and Golgi-mediated secretory pathway. 26779721 3 19 theme human 571:575 arg1 HEK293F 577:583 the human HEK293F and HEK293S cell lines 567:606 HEK293F 577:583 Here is one protocol for protein expression using the human HEK293F and HEK293S cell lines transfected with a mammalian expression vector designed for high protein yields. 26779721 1 20 theme post-translational 170:187 arg1 modifications 189:201 complex post-translational modifications 162:201 complex post-translational modifications 162:201 The art of producing recombinant proteins with complex post-translational modifications represents a major challenge for studies of structure and function. 26779721 0 21 theme Yield 5:9 arg1 Expression 11:20 High Yield Expression 0:20 High Yield Expression of Recombinant Human Proteins with the Transient Transfection of HEK293 Cells in Suspension. 0:113 High Yield Expression of Recombinant Human Proteins with the Transient Transfection of HEK293 Cells in Suspension. 26779721 2 22 theme cell 352:355 arg1 lines 357:361 transiently-transfected mammalian cell lines 318:361 transiently-transfected mammalian cell lines 318:361 The rapid establishment and high recovery from transiently-transfected mammalian cell lines addresses this barrier and is an effective means of expressing proteins that are naturally channeled through the ER and Golgi-mediated secretory pathway. 26779721 4 23 theme system 715:720 arg1 applicability 693:705 The applicability 689:705 The applicability of this system 689:720 The applicability of this system is demonstrated using three representative glycoproteins that expressed with yields between 95-120 mg of purified protein recovered per liter of culture. 26779721 0 24 theme High 0:3 arg1 Expression 11:20 High Yield Expression 0:20 High Yield Expression of Recombinant Human Proteins with the Transient Transfection of HEK293 Cells in Suspension. 0:113 High Yield Expression of Recombinant Human Proteins with the Transient Transfection of HEK293 Cells in Suspension. 26779721 2 25 theme mammalian 342:350 arg1 lines 357:361 transiently-transfected mammalian cell lines 318:361 transiently-transfected mammalian cell lines 318:361 The rapid establishment and high recovery from transiently-transfected mammalian cell lines addresses this barrier and is an effective means of expressing proteins that are naturally channeled through the ER and Golgi-mediated secretory pathway. 26779721 5 26 theme α2-6 926:929 arg1 sialyltransferase 931:947 the rat α2-6 sialyltransferase 918:947 the rat α2-6 sialyltransferase 918:947 These proteins are the human FcγRIIIa and the rat α2-6 sialyltransferase, ST6GalI, both expressed with an N-terminal GFP fusion, as well as the unmodified human immunoglobulin G1 Fc. 26779721 6 27 theme resonance 1260:1268 arg1 spectroscopy 1270:1281 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 1243:1281 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 1243:1281 This robust system utilizes a serum-free medium that is adaptable for expression of isotopically enriched proteins and carbohydrates for structural studies using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26779721 2 28 theme transiently-transfected 318:340 arg1 lines 357:361 transiently-transfected mammalian cell lines 318:361 transiently-transfected mammalian cell lines 318:361 The rapid establishment and high recovery from transiently-transfected mammalian cell lines addresses this barrier and is an effective means of expressing proteins that are naturally channeled through the ER and Golgi-mediated secretory pathway. 26779721 6 29 theme serum-free 1089:1098 arg1 medium 1100:1105 a serum-free medium 1087:1105 a serum-free medium that is adaptable for expression of isotopically enriched proteins and carbohydrates for structural studies using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 1087:1281 This robust system utilizes a serum-free medium that is adaptable for expression of isotopically enriched proteins and carbohydrates for structural studies using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26779721 6 29 theme serum-free 1089:1098 arg1 adaptable 1115:1123 adaptable 1115:1123 adaptable 1115:1123 This robust system utilizes a serum-free medium that is adaptable for expression of isotopically enriched proteins and carbohydrates for structural studies using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26779721 5 30 theme GFP 993:995 arg1 fusion 997:1002 an N-terminal GFP fusion 979:1002 an N-terminal GFP fusion 979:1002 These proteins are the human FcγRIIIa and the rat α2-6 sialyltransferase, ST6GalI, both expressed with an N-terminal GFP fusion, as well as the unmodified human immunoglobulin G1 Fc. 26779721 2 31 theme effective 396:404 arg1 means 406:410 an effective means 393:410 an effective means of expressing proteins that are naturally channeled through the ER and Golgi-mediated secretory pathway 393:514 The rapid establishment and high recovery from transiently-transfected mammalian cell lines addresses this barrier and is an effective means of expressing proteins that are naturally channeled through the ER and Golgi-mediated secretory pathway. 26779721 3 32 theme cell 597:600 arg1 lines 602:606 the human HEK293F and HEK293S cell lines 567:606 lines 602:606 Here is one protocol for protein expression using the human HEK293F and HEK293S cell lines transfected with a mammalian expression vector designed for high protein yields. 26779721 1 33 theme major 216:220 arg1 challenge 222:230 a major challenge 214:230 a major challenge for studies of structure and function 214:268 The art of producing recombinant proteins with complex post-translational modifications represents a major challenge for studies of structure and function. 26779721 0 34 theme Human 37:41 arg1 Proteins 43:50 Recombinant Human Proteins 25:50 Recombinant Human Proteins 25:50 High Yield Expression of Recombinant Human Proteins with the Transient Transfection of HEK293 Cells in Suspension. 26779721 0 35 from Transfection 71:82 arg1 Suspension 103:112 Suspension 103:112 Suspension 103:112 High Yield Expression of Recombinant Human Proteins with the Transient Transfection of HEK293 Cells in Suspension. 26779721 3 36 theme mammalian 627:635 arg1 vector 648:653 a mammalian expression vector 625:653 a mammalian expression vector designed for high protein yields 625:686 Here is one protocol for protein expression using the human HEK293F and HEK293S cell lines transfected with a mammalian expression vector designed for high protein yields. 26779721 7 37 theme certain 1380:1386 arg1 modifications 1395:1407 certain glycan modifications 1380:1407 certain glycan modifications 1380:1407 Furthermore, the composition of the N-glycan can be tuned by adding a small molecule to prevent certain glycan modifications in a manner that does not reduce yield. 26779721 5 38 theme human 899:903 arg1 FcγRIIIa 905:912 the human FcγRIIIa 895:912 the human FcγRIIIa 895:912 These proteins are the human FcγRIIIa and the rat α2-6 sialyltransferase, ST6GalI, both expressed with an N-terminal GFP fusion, as well as the unmodified human immunoglobulin G1 Fc. 26779721 5 38 theme human 899:903 arg1 proteins 882:889 These proteins 876:889 These proteins 876:889 These proteins are the human FcγRIIIa and the rat α2-6 sialyltransferase, ST6GalI, both expressed with an N-terminal GFP fusion, as well as the unmodified human immunoglobulin G1 Fc. 26779721 2 39 theme proteins 426:433 arg1 means 406:410 an effective means 393:410 an effective means of expressing proteins that are naturally channeled through the ER and Golgi-mediated secretory pathway 393:514 The rapid establishment and high recovery from transiently-transfected mammalian cell lines addresses this barrier and is an effective means of expressing proteins that are naturally channeled through the ER and Golgi-mediated secretory pathway. 26779721 0 40 theme Recombinant 25:35 arg1 Proteins 43:50 Recombinant Human Proteins 25:50 Recombinant Human Proteins 25:50 High Yield Expression of Recombinant Human Proteins with the Transient Transfection of HEK293 Cells in Suspension. 26779721 3 41 theme protein 673:679 arg1 yields 681:686 high protein yields 668:686 high protein yields 668:686 Here is one protocol for protein expression using the human HEK293F and HEK293S cell lines transfected with a mammalian expression vector designed for high protein yields. 26779721 3 42 theme expression 637:646 arg1 vector 648:653 a mammalian expression vector 625:653 a mammalian expression vector designed for high protein yields 625:686 Here is one protocol for protein expression using the human HEK293F and HEK293S cell lines transfected with a mammalian expression vector designed for high protein yields. 26779721 7 43 theme small 1354:1358 arg1 molecule 1360:1367 a small molecule 1352:1367 a small molecule 1352:1367 Furthermore, the composition of the N-glycan can be tuned by adding a small molecule to prevent certain glycan modifications in a manner that does not reduce yield. 26779721 2 44 theme secretory 498:506 arg1 pathway 508:514 the ER and Golgi-mediated secretory pathway 472:514 pathway 508:514 The rapid establishment and high recovery from transiently-transfected mammalian cell lines addresses this barrier and is an effective means of expressing proteins that are naturally channeled through the ER and Golgi-mediated secretory pathway. 26779721 0 45 with Expression 11:20 arg1 Transfection 71:82 the Transient Transfection 57:82 the Transient Transfection of HEK293 Cells in Suspension 57:112 High Yield Expression of Recombinant Human Proteins with the Transient Transfection of HEK293 Cells in Suspension. 26779721 6 46 theme carbohydrates 1178:1190 arg1 expression 1129:1138 expression 1129:1138 expression of isotopically enriched proteins and carbohydrates for structural studies using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 1129:1281 This robust system utilizes a serum-free medium that is adaptable for expression of isotopically enriched proteins and carbohydrates for structural studies using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26779721 0 47 theme Proteins 43:50 arg1 Expression 11:20 High Yield Expression 0:20 High Yield Expression of Recombinant Human Proteins with the Transient Transfection of HEK293 Cells in Suspension. 0:113 High Yield Expression of Recombinant Human Proteins with the Transient Transfection of HEK293 Cells in Suspension. 26779721 6 48 theme structural 1196:1205 arg1 studies 1207:1213 structural studies 1196:1213 structural studies using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 1196:1281 This robust system utilizes a serum-free medium that is adaptable for expression of isotopically enriched proteins and carbohydrates for structural studies using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26779721 4 49 theme representative 750:763 arg1 glycoproteins 765:777 three representative glycoproteins 744:777 three representative glycoproteins that expressed with yields between 95-120 mg of purified protein recovered per liter of culture 744:873 The applicability of this system is demonstrated using three representative glycoproteins that expressed with yields between 95-120 mg of purified protein recovered per liter of culture. 26779721 6 50 theme magnetic 1251:1258 arg1 resonance 1260:1268 nuclear magnetic resonance 1243:1268 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 1243:1281 This robust system utilizes a serum-free medium that is adaptable for expression of isotopically enriched proteins and carbohydrates for structural studies using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26779721 5 51 theme unmodified 1020:1029 arg1 G1 1052:1053 the unmodified human immunoglobulin G1 1016:1053 the unmodified human immunoglobulin G1 Fc 1016:1056 These proteins are the human FcγRIIIa and the rat α2-6 sialyltransferase, ST6GalI, both expressed with an N-terminal GFP fusion, as well as the unmodified human immunoglobulin G1 Fc. 26779721 2 52 theme rapid 275:279 arg1 establishment 281:293 rapid establishment 275:293 rapid establishment 275:293 The rapid establishment and high recovery from transiently-transfected mammalian cell lines addresses this barrier and is an effective means of expressing proteins that are naturally channeled through the ER and Golgi-mediated secretory pathway. 26779721 4 53 theme culture 867:873 arg1 liter 858:862 liter 858:862 liter of culture 858:873 The applicability of this system is demonstrated using three representative glycoproteins that expressed with yields between 95-120 mg of purified protein recovered per liter of culture. 26779721 6 54 theme proteins 1165:1172 arg1 expression 1129:1138 expression 1129:1138 expression of isotopically enriched proteins and carbohydrates for structural studies using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 1129:1281 This robust system utilizes a serum-free medium that is adaptable for expression of isotopically enriched proteins and carbohydrates for structural studies using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26779721 3 55 theme HEK293S 589:595 arg1 lines 602:606 the human HEK293F and HEK293S cell lines 567:606 lines 602:606 Here is one protocol for protein expression using the human HEK293F and HEK293S cell lines transfected with a mammalian expression vector designed for high protein yields. 26779721 6 56 theme robust 1064:1069 arg1 system 1071:1076 This robust system 1059:1076 This robust system 1059:1076 This robust system utilizes a serum-free medium that is adaptable for expression of isotopically enriched proteins and carbohydrates for structural studies using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26779721 4 57 theme purified 827:834 arg1 protein 836:842 purified protein 827:842 purified protein recovered per liter of culture 827:873 The applicability of this system is demonstrated using three representative glycoproteins that expressed with yields between 95-120 mg of purified protein recovered per liter of culture. 26779721 3 58 theme high 668:671 arg1 yields 681:686 high protein yields 668:686 high protein yields 668:686 Here is one protocol for protein expression using the human HEK293F and HEK293S cell lines transfected with a mammalian expression vector designed for high protein yields. 26779721 2 59 dep establishment 281:293 arg1 The 271:273 The 271:273 The 271:273 The rapid establishment and high recovery from transiently-transfected mammalian cell lines addresses this barrier and is an effective means of expressing proteins that are naturally channeled through the ER and Golgi-mediated secretory pathway. 26779721 0 60 theme Transient 61:69 arg1 Transfection 71:82 the Transient Transfection 57:82 the Transient Transfection of HEK293 Cells in Suspension 57:112 High Yield Expression of Recombinant Human Proteins with the Transient Transfection of HEK293 Cells in Suspension. 26779721 5 61 theme immunoglobulin 1037:1050 arg1 G1 1052:1053 the unmodified human immunoglobulin G1 1016:1053 the unmodified human immunoglobulin G1 Fc 1016:1056 These proteins are the human FcγRIIIa and the rat α2-6 sialyltransferase, ST6GalI, both expressed with an N-terminal GFP fusion, as well as the unmodified human immunoglobulin G1 Fc. 26779721 6 62 theme mass 1221:1224 arg1 spectrometry 1226:1237 mass spectrometry 1221:1237 mass spectrometry 1221:1237 This robust system utilizes a serum-free medium that is adaptable for expression of isotopically enriched proteins and carbohydrates for structural studies using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26779721 1 63 theme producing 126:134 arg1 proteins 148:155 producing recombinant proteins 126:155 producing recombinant proteins with complex post-translational modifications 126:201 The art of producing recombinant proteins with complex post-translational modifications represents a major challenge for studies of structure and function. 26779721 2 64 theme expressing 415:424 arg1 proteins 426:433 expressing proteins 415:433 expressing proteins that are naturally channeled through the ER and Golgi-mediated secretory pathway 415:514 The rapid establishment and high recovery from transiently-transfected mammalian cell lines addresses this barrier and is an effective means of expressing proteins that are naturally channeled through the ER and Golgi-mediated secretory pathway. 26779721 1 65 theme structure 247:255 arg1 studies 236:242 studies 236:242 studies of structure and function 236:268 The art of producing recombinant proteins with complex post-translational modifications represents a major challenge for studies of structure and function. 26779721 5 66 theme G1 1052:1053 arg1 Fc 1055:1056 the unmodified human immunoglobulin G1 Fc 1016:1056 the unmodified human immunoglobulin G1 Fc 1016:1056 These proteins are the human FcγRIIIa and the rat α2-6 sialyltransferase, ST6GalI, both expressed with an N-terminal GFP fusion, as well as the unmodified human immunoglobulin G1 Fc. 26779721 1 67 theme recombinant 136:146 arg1 proteins 148:155 producing recombinant proteins 126:155 producing recombinant proteins with complex post-translational modifications 126:201 The art of producing recombinant proteins with complex post-translational modifications represents a major challenge for studies of structure and function. 27242677 7 0 theme treated 1157:1163 arg1 samples 1177:1183 treated vs. control samples 1157:1183 treated vs. control samples 1157:1183 About 1711 genes encoding 2691 transcripts were differentially expressed in treated vs. control samples. 27242677 10 1 theme catalytic 1446:1454 arg1 activity 1456:1463 catalytic activity 1446:1463 catalytic activity 1446:1463 In addition, genes involved in protein folding, binding, catalytic activity, DNA repair, and secondary metabolites were up-regulated under 2-DG treatment. 27242677 16 2 theme hyphae 2330:2335 arg1 walls 2321:2325 the 2-DG treated cell walls 2299:2325 the 2-DG treated cell walls of hyphae 2299:2335 Transmission electron microscopy analyses demonstrated that the 2-DG treated cell walls of hyphae showed significant differences in the cell-wall thickness. 27242677 12 3 theme genes 1697:1701 arg1 analysis 1656:1663 Gene ontology analysis 1642:1663 Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes 1642:1701 Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicates metabolic process (35%) is the pre-dominant class followed by carbohydrate degradation (11%), protein folding, and trafficking (6.2%) and transport (5.3%) classes. 27242677 16 4 theme treated 2308:2314 arg1 walls 2321:2325 the 2-DG treated cell walls 2299:2325 the 2-DG treated cell walls of hyphae 2299:2335 Transmission electron microscopy analyses demonstrated that the 2-DG treated cell walls of hyphae showed significant differences in the cell-wall thickness. 27242677 9 5 theme carbohydrate 1345:1356 arg1 class 1370:1374 carbohydrate degradation class 1345:1374 carbohydrate degradation class 1345:1374 The most up regulated genes belonged to Pentose Phosphate Pathways and carbohydrate degradation class as expected. 27242677 16 6 theme significant 2344:2354 arg1 differences 2356:2366 significant differences 2344:2366 significant differences in the cell-wall thickness 2344:2393 Transmission electron microscopy analyses demonstrated that the 2-DG treated cell walls of hyphae showed significant differences in the cell-wall thickness. 27242677 12 7 theme metabolic 1713:1721 arg1 % 1734:1734 35% 1732:1734 35% 1732:1734 Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicates metabolic process (35%) is the pre-dominant class followed by carbohydrate degradation (11%), protein folding, and trafficking (6.2%) and transport (5.3%) classes. 27242677 12 7 theme metabolic 1713:1721 arg1 class 1757:1761 the pre-dominant class 1740:1761 the pre-dominant class followed by carbohydrate degradation (11%), protein folding, and trafficking (6.2%) and transport (5.3%) classes 1740:1874 Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicates metabolic process (35%) is the pre-dominant class followed by carbohydrate degradation (11%), protein folding, and trafficking (6.2%) and transport (5.3%) classes. 27242677 12 7 theme metabolic 1713:1721 arg1 process 1723:1729 metabolic process 1713:1729 metabolic process (35%) 1713:1735 Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicates metabolic process (35%) is the pre-dominant class followed by carbohydrate degradation (11%), protein folding, and trafficking (6.2%) and transport (5.3%) classes. 27242677 14 8 theme plant 2066:2070 arg1 enzymes 2011:2017 Major enzymes 2005:2017 Major enzymes secreted by A. malaysianum 2005:2044 Major enzymes secreted by A. malaysianum are those degrading plant polysaccharides, the most dominant ones being β-glucosidase, as demonstrated by the 2D gel analysis. 27242677 14 8 theme plant 2066:2070 arg1 ones 2107:2110 the most dominant ones 2089:2110 the most dominant ones being β-glucosidase 2089:2130 Major enzymes secreted by A. malaysianum are those degrading plant polysaccharides, the most dominant ones being β-glucosidase, as demonstrated by the 2D gel analysis. 27242677 14 8 theme plant 2066:2070 arg1 polysaccharides 2072:2086 those degrading plant polysaccharides 2050:2086 those degrading plant polysaccharides 2050:2086 Major enzymes secreted by A. malaysianum are those degrading plant polysaccharides, the most dominant ones being β-glucosidase, as demonstrated by the 2D gel analysis. 27242677 9 9 theme Phosphate 1322:1330 arg1 Pathways 1332:1339 Pentose Phosphate Pathways 1314:1339 Pentose Phosphate Pathways 1314:1339 The most up regulated genes belonged to Pentose Phosphate Pathways and carbohydrate degradation class as expected. 27242677 2 10 theme Catabolite 303:312 arg1 CCR 326:328 CCR 326:328 CCR 326:328 Carbon Catabolite Repression (CCR) induced by 2-DG in this species is cAMP independent unlike many other organisms. 27242677 2 10 theme Catabolite 303:312 arg1 Repression 314:323 Carbon Catabolite Repression 296:323 Carbon Catabolite Repression (CCR) induced by 2-DG in this species 296:361 Carbon Catabolite Repression (CCR) induced by 2-DG in this species is cAMP independent unlike many other organisms. 27242677 14 11 theme most 2093:2096 arg1 ones 2107:2110 the most dominant ones 2089:2110 the most dominant ones being β-glucosidase 2089:2130 Major enzymes secreted by A. malaysianum are those degrading plant polysaccharides, the most dominant ones being β-glucosidase, as demonstrated by the 2D gel analysis. 27242677 14 11 theme most 2093:2096 arg1 polysaccharides 2072:2086 those degrading plant polysaccharides 2050:2086 those degrading plant polysaccharides 2050:2086 Major enzymes secreted by A. malaysianum are those degrading plant polysaccharides, the most dominant ones being β-glucosidase, as demonstrated by the 2D gel analysis. 27242677 4 12 theme proteomic 656:664 arg1 analysis 666:673 quantitative proteomic analysis 643:673 quantitative proteomic analysis 643:673 An integrated RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomic analysis was performed to investigate the cellular response to 2-DG in A. malaysianum. 27242677 16 13 theme electron 2252:2259 arg1 microscopy 2261:2270 Transmission electron microscopy 2239:2270 Transmission electron microscopy analyses 2239:2279 Transmission electron microscopy analyses demonstrated that the 2-DG treated cell walls of hyphae showed significant differences in the cell-wall thickness. 27242677 1 14 theme D-glucose 233:241 arg1 treatment 250:258 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG) treatment 225:258 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG) treatment in Arthrinium malaysianum cultures 225:293 This study catalogs production of industrially important enzymes and changes in transcript expression caused by 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG) treatment in Arthrinium malaysianum cultures. 27242677 6 15 theme Ontology 928:935 arg1 IDs 937:939 Gene Ontology IDs 923:939 Gene Ontology IDs 923:939 Gene Ontology IDs were assigned to 36% of the transcripts (13260) and about 5207 (14%) were mapped to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG). 27242677 3 16 theme activity 516:523 arg1 assay 525:529 filter paper activity assay 503:529 filter paper activity assay (FPase) 503:537 Higher levels of secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes under 2-DG treatment can be exploited for commercial purposes. 27242677 3 16 theme activity 516:523 arg1 FPase 532:536 FPase 532:536 FPase 532:536 Higher levels of secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes under 2-DG treatment can be exploited for commercial purposes. 27242677 4 17 theme RNA 624:626 arg1 sequencing 628:637 An integrated RNA sequencing 610:637 An integrated RNA sequencing 610:637 An integrated RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomic analysis was performed to investigate the cellular response to 2-DG in A. malaysianum. 27242677 12 18 theme transport 1851:1859 arg1 classes 1868:1874 trafficking (6.2%) and transport (5.3%) classes 1828:1874 classes 1868:1874 Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicates metabolic process (35%) is the pre-dominant class followed by carbohydrate degradation (11%), protein folding, and trafficking (6.2%) and transport (5.3%) classes. 27242677 12 18 theme transport 1851:1859 arg1 % 1865:1865 5.3% 1862:1865 5.3% 1862:1865 Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicates metabolic process (35%) is the pre-dominant class followed by carbohydrate degradation (11%), protein folding, and trafficking (6.2%) and transport (5.3%) classes. 27242677 17 19 theme enzymes 2494:2500 arg1 amount 2464:2469 large amount 2458:2469 large amount of commercially viable enzymes 2458:2500 Overall 2-DG treatment in A. malaysianum induced secretion of large amount of commercially viable enzymes compared to other known species. 27242677 17 19 theme enzymes 2494:2500 arg1 enzymes 2494:2500 commercially viable enzymes 2474:2500 commercially viable enzymes 2474:2500 Overall 2-DG treatment in A. malaysianum induced secretion of large amount of commercially viable enzymes compared to other known species. 27242677 10 20 theme 2-DG 1528:1531 arg1 treatment 1533:1541 2-DG treatment 1528:1541 2-DG treatment 1528:1541 In addition, genes involved in protein folding, binding, catalytic activity, DNA repair, and secondary metabolites were up-regulated under 2-DG treatment. 27242677 12 21 theme Gene 1642:1645 arg1 analysis 1656:1663 Gene ontology analysis 1642:1663 Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes 1642:1701 Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicates metabolic process (35%) is the pre-dominant class followed by carbohydrate degradation (11%), protein folding, and trafficking (6.2%) and transport (5.3%) classes. 27242677 2 22 theme Carbon 296:301 arg1 CCR 326:328 CCR 326:328 CCR 326:328 Carbon Catabolite Repression (CCR) induced by 2-DG in this species is cAMP independent unlike many other organisms. 27242677 2 22 theme Carbon 296:301 arg1 Repression 314:323 Carbon Catabolite Repression 296:323 Carbon Catabolite Repression (CCR) induced by 2-DG in this species 296:361 Carbon Catabolite Repression (CCR) induced by 2-DG in this species is cAMP independent unlike many other organisms. 27242677 1 23 from treatment 250:258 arg1 cultures 286:293 Arthrinium malaysianum cultures 263:293 Arthrinium malaysianum cultures 263:293 This study catalogs production of industrially important enzymes and changes in transcript expression caused by 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG) treatment in Arthrinium malaysianum cultures. 27242677 15 24 theme mRNAs 2209:2213 arg1 mRNAs 2209:2213 7 differentially expressed mRNAs 2182:2213 7 differentially expressed mRNAs 2182:2213 A set of 7 differentially expressed mRNAs were validated by qPCR. 27242677 15 24 theme mRNAs 2209:2213 arg1 set 2175:2177 A set 2173:2177 A set of 7 differentially expressed mRNAs 2173:2213 A set of 7 differentially expressed mRNAs were validated by qPCR. 27242677 1 25 theme important 160:168 arg1 enzymes 170:176 industrially important enzymes 147:176 industrially important enzymes 147:176 This study catalogs production of industrially important enzymes and changes in transcript expression caused by 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG) treatment in Arthrinium malaysianum cultures. 27242677 17 26 theme known 2520:2524 arg1 species 2526:2532 other known species 2514:2532 other known species 2514:2532 Overall 2-DG treatment in A. malaysianum induced secretion of large amount of commercially viable enzymes compared to other known species. 27242677 14 27 theme Major 2005:2009 arg1 enzymes 2011:2017 Major enzymes 2005:2017 Major enzymes secreted by A. malaysianum 2005:2044 Major enzymes secreted by A. malaysianum are those degrading plant polysaccharides, the most dominant ones being β-glucosidase, as demonstrated by the 2D gel analysis. 27242677 14 27 theme Major 2005:2009 arg1 polysaccharides 2072:2086 those degrading plant polysaccharides 2050:2086 those degrading plant polysaccharides 2050:2086 Major enzymes secreted by A. malaysianum are those degrading plant polysaccharides, the most dominant ones being β-glucosidase, as demonstrated by the 2D gel analysis. 27242677 0 28 theme D-Glucose 92:100 arg1 Treatment 102:110 2-Deoxy D-Glucose Treatment 84:110 2-Deoxy D-Glucose Treatment 84:110 Tricking Arthrinium malaysianum into Producing Industrially Important Enzymes Under 2-Deoxy D-Glucose Treatment. 27242677 1 29 from changes 182:188 arg1 expression 204:213 transcript expression 193:213 transcript expression caused by 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG) treatment in Arthrinium malaysianum cultures 193:293 This study catalogs production of industrially important enzymes and changes in transcript expression caused by 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG) treatment in Arthrinium malaysianum cultures. 27242677 5 30 theme known 867:871 arg1 similarity 873:882 any known similarity 863:882 any known similarity to proteins 863:894 Analysis of RNASeq data under 2-DG treated and control condition reveals that 56% of the unigenes do not have any known similarity to proteins in non-redundant database. 27242677 8 31 theme known 1258:1262 arg1 function 1264:1271 any known function 1254:1271 any known function 1254:1271 Out of the 2691 differentially expressed transcripts, only 582 have any known function. 27242677 13 32 theme protein 1923:1929 arg1 UPR 1941:1943 UPR 1941:1943 UPR 1941:1943 Unlike other organisms, conventional unfolded protein response (UPR) was not activated in either control or treated conditions. 27242677 13 32 theme protein 1923:1929 arg1 response 1931:1938 conventional unfolded protein response 1901:1938 conventional unfolded protein response (UPR) 1901:1944 Unlike other organisms, conventional unfolded protein response (UPR) was not activated in either control or treated conditions. 27242677 8 33 theme expressed 1217:1225 arg1 transcripts 1227:1237 the 2691 differentially expressed transcripts 1193:1237 the 2691 differentially expressed transcripts 1193:1237 Out of the 2691 differentially expressed transcripts, only 582 have any known function. 27242677 14 34 theme 2D 2156:2157 arg1 analysis 2163:2170 the 2D gel analysis 2152:2170 the 2D gel analysis 2152:2170 Major enzymes secreted by A. malaysianum are those degrading plant polysaccharides, the most dominant ones being β-glucosidase, as demonstrated by the 2D gel analysis. 27242677 3 35 theme filter 503:508 arg1 assay 525:529 filter paper activity assay 503:529 filter paper activity assay (FPase) 503:537 Higher levels of secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes under 2-DG treatment can be exploited for commercial purposes. 27242677 3 35 theme filter 503:508 arg1 FPase 532:536 FPase 532:536 FPase 532:536 Higher levels of secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes under 2-DG treatment can be exploited for commercial purposes. 27242677 17 36 theme amount 2464:2469 arg1 secretion 2445:2453 secretion 2445:2453 secretion of large amount of commercially viable enzymes 2445:2500 Overall 2-DG treatment in A. malaysianum induced secretion of large amount of commercially viable enzymes compared to other known species. 27242677 1 37 from production 133:142 arg1 expression 204:213 transcript expression 193:213 transcript expression caused by 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG) treatment in Arthrinium malaysianum cultures 193:293 This study catalogs production of industrially important enzymes and changes in transcript expression caused by 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG) treatment in Arthrinium malaysianum cultures. 27242677 10 38 theme protein 1420:1426 arg1 folding 1428:1434 protein folding 1420:1434 protein folding 1420:1434 In addition, genes involved in protein folding, binding, catalytic activity, DNA repair, and secondary metabolites were up-regulated under 2-DG treatment. 27242677 3 39 theme secreted 429:436 arg1 EG 453:454 EG 453:454 EG 453:454 Higher levels of secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes under 2-DG treatment can be exploited for commercial purposes. 27242677 3 39 theme secreted 429:436 arg1 endoglucanase 438:450 secreted endoglucanase 429:450 secreted endoglucanase (EG) 429:455 Higher levels of secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes under 2-DG treatment can be exploited for commercial purposes. 27242677 3 40 theme β-glucosidase 458:470 arg1 enzymes 539:545 secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes 429:545 secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes under 2-DG treatment 429:566 Higher levels of secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes under 2-DG treatment can be exploited for commercial purposes. 27242677 9 41 theme degradation 1358:1368 arg1 class 1370:1374 carbohydrate degradation class 1345:1374 carbohydrate degradation class 1345:1374 The most up regulated genes belonged to Pentose Phosphate Pathways and carbohydrate degradation class as expected. 27242677 5 42 theme data 772:775 arg1 Analysis 753:760 Analysis 753:760 Analysis of RNASeq data under 2-DG treated and control condition 753:816 Analysis of RNASeq data under 2-DG treated and control condition reveals that 56% of the unigenes do not have any known similarity to proteins in non-redundant database. 27242677 16 43 theme microscopy 2261:2270 arg1 analyses 2272:2279 Transmission electron microscopy analyses 2239:2279 Transmission electron microscopy analyses 2239:2279 Transmission electron microscopy analyses demonstrated that the 2-DG treated cell walls of hyphae showed significant differences in the cell-wall thickness. 27242677 0 44 theme Important 60:68 arg1 Enzymes 70:76 Industrially Important Enzymes 47:76 Industrially Important Enzymes 47:76 Tricking Arthrinium malaysianum into Producing Industrially Important Enzymes Under 2-Deoxy D-Glucose Treatment. 27242677 13 45 theme unfolded 1914:1921 arg1 UPR 1941:1943 UPR 1941:1943 UPR 1941:1943 Unlike other organisms, conventional unfolded protein response (UPR) was not activated in either control or treated conditions. 27242677 13 45 theme unfolded 1914:1921 arg1 response 1931:1938 conventional unfolded protein response 1901:1938 conventional unfolded protein response (UPR) 1901:1944 Unlike other organisms, conventional unfolded protein response (UPR) was not activated in either control or treated conditions. 27242677 12 46 theme carbohydrate 1775:1786 arg1 degradation 1788:1798 carbohydrate degradation 1775:1798 carbohydrate degradation (11%) 1775:1804 Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicates metabolic process (35%) is the pre-dominant class followed by carbohydrate degradation (11%), protein folding, and trafficking (6.2%) and transport (5.3%) classes. 27242677 12 46 theme carbohydrate 1775:1786 arg1 % 1803:1803 11% 1801:1803 11% 1801:1803 Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicates metabolic process (35%) is the pre-dominant class followed by carbohydrate degradation (11%), protein folding, and trafficking (6.2%) and transport (5.3%) classes. 27242677 10 47 theme DNA 1466:1468 arg1 repair 1470:1475 DNA repair 1466:1475 DNA repair 1466:1475 In addition, genes involved in protein folding, binding, catalytic activity, DNA repair, and secondary metabolites were up-regulated under 2-DG treatment. 27242677 2 48 theme many 390:393 arg1 organisms 401:409 many other organisms 390:409 many other organisms 390:409 Carbon Catabolite Repression (CCR) induced by 2-DG in this species is cAMP independent unlike many other organisms. 27242677 17 49 theme 2-DG 2404:2407 arg1 treatment 2409:2417 Overall 2-DG treatment 2396:2417 Overall 2-DG treatment in A. malaysianum 2396:2435 Overall 2-DG treatment in A. malaysianum induced secretion of large amount of commercially viable enzymes compared to other known species. 27242677 13 50 dep conditions 1993:2002 arg1 either 1967:1972 either 1967:1972 either 1967:1972 Unlike other organisms, conventional unfolded protein response (UPR) was not activated in either control or treated conditions. 27242677 13 50 dep conditions 1993:2002 arg1 treated 1985:1991 treated 1985:1991 treated 1985:1991 Unlike other organisms, conventional unfolded protein response (UPR) was not activated in either control or treated conditions. 27242677 14 51 theme dominant 2098:2105 arg1 ones 2107:2110 the most dominant ones 2089:2110 the most dominant ones being β-glucosidase 2089:2130 Major enzymes secreted by A. malaysianum are those degrading plant polysaccharides, the most dominant ones being β-glucosidase, as demonstrated by the 2D gel analysis. 27242677 14 51 theme dominant 2098:2105 arg1 polysaccharides 2072:2086 those degrading plant polysaccharides 2050:2086 those degrading plant polysaccharides 2050:2086 Major enzymes secreted by A. malaysianum are those degrading plant polysaccharides, the most dominant ones being β-glucosidase, as demonstrated by the 2D gel analysis. 27242677 13 52 theme other 1884:1888 arg1 organisms 1890:1898 other organisms 1884:1898 other organisms 1884:1898 Unlike other organisms, conventional unfolded protein response (UPR) was not activated in either control or treated conditions. 27242677 1 53 theme malaysianum 274:284 arg1 cultures 286:293 Arthrinium malaysianum cultures 263:293 Arthrinium malaysianum cultures 263:293 This study catalogs production of industrially important enzymes and changes in transcript expression caused by 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG) treatment in Arthrinium malaysianum cultures. 27242677 1 54 theme Arthrinium 263:272 arg1 cultures 286:293 Arthrinium malaysianum cultures 263:293 Arthrinium malaysianum cultures 263:293 This study catalogs production of industrially important enzymes and changes in transcript expression caused by 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG) treatment in Arthrinium malaysianum cultures. 27242677 10 55 theme secondary 1482:1490 arg1 metabolites 1492:1502 secondary metabolites 1482:1502 secondary metabolites 1482:1502 In addition, genes involved in protein folding, binding, catalytic activity, DNA repair, and secondary metabolites were up-regulated under 2-DG treatment. 27242677 3 56 theme assay 525:529 arg1 enzymes 539:545 secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes 429:545 secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes under 2-DG treatment 429:566 Higher levels of secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes under 2-DG treatment can be exploited for commercial purposes. 27242677 13 57 dep either 1967:1972 arg1 control 1974:1980 control 1974:1980 control 1974:1980 Unlike other organisms, conventional unfolded protein response (UPR) was not activated in either control or treated conditions. 27242677 11 58 theme nutrient 1599:1606 arg1 pathways 1581:1588 glycosylation pathways 1567:1588 glycosylation pathways 1567:1588 Whereas genes encoding glycosylation pathways, growth, nutrient reservoir activity was repressed. 27242677 11 58 theme nutrient 1599:1606 arg1 activity 1618:1625 nutrient reservoir activity 1599:1625 nutrient reservoir activity 1599:1625 Whereas genes encoding glycosylation pathways, growth, nutrient reservoir activity was repressed. 27242677 3 59 theme paper 510:514 arg1 assay 525:529 filter paper activity assay 503:529 filter paper activity assay (FPase) 503:537 Higher levels of secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes under 2-DG treatment can be exploited for commercial purposes. 27242677 3 59 theme paper 510:514 arg1 FPase 532:536 FPase 532:536 FPase 532:536 Higher levels of secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes under 2-DG treatment can be exploited for commercial purposes. 27242677 1 60 theme transcript 193:202 arg1 expression 204:213 transcript expression 193:213 transcript expression caused by 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG) treatment in Arthrinium malaysianum cultures 193:293 This study catalogs production of industrially important enzymes and changes in transcript expression caused by 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG) treatment in Arthrinium malaysianum cultures. 27242677 17 61 from treatment 2409:2417 arg1 malaysianum 2425:2435 A. malaysianum 2422:2435 A. malaysianum 2422:2435 Overall 2-DG treatment in A. malaysianum induced secretion of large amount of commercially viable enzymes compared to other known species. 27242677 6 62 dep Genomes 1057:1063 arg1 pathway 1065:1071 pathway 1065:1071 Genomes pathway (KEGG) 1057:1078 Gene Ontology IDs were assigned to 36% of the transcripts (13260) and about 5207 (14%) were mapped to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG). 27242677 14 63 theme degrading 2056:2064 arg1 enzymes 2011:2017 Major enzymes 2005:2017 Major enzymes secreted by A. malaysianum 2005:2044 Major enzymes secreted by A. malaysianum are those degrading plant polysaccharides, the most dominant ones being β-glucosidase, as demonstrated by the 2D gel analysis. 27242677 14 63 theme degrading 2056:2064 arg1 ones 2107:2110 the most dominant ones 2089:2110 the most dominant ones being β-glucosidase 2089:2130 Major enzymes secreted by A. malaysianum are those degrading plant polysaccharides, the most dominant ones being β-glucosidase, as demonstrated by the 2D gel analysis. 27242677 14 63 theme degrading 2056:2064 arg1 polysaccharides 2072:2086 those degrading plant polysaccharides 2050:2086 those degrading plant polysaccharides 2050:2086 Major enzymes secreted by A. malaysianum are those degrading plant polysaccharides, the most dominant ones being β-glucosidase, as demonstrated by the 2D gel analysis. 27242677 3 64 theme enzymes 539:545 arg1 levels 419:424 Higher levels 412:424 Higher levels of secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes under 2-DG treatment 412:566 Higher levels of secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes under 2-DG treatment can be exploited for commercial purposes. 27242677 5 65 theme unigenes 842:849 arg1 % 833:833 56% 831:833 56% of the unigenes 831:849 Analysis of RNASeq data under 2-DG treated and control condition reveals that 56% of the unigenes do not have any known similarity to proteins in non-redundant database. 27242677 5 65 theme unigenes 842:849 arg1 unigenes 842:849 the unigenes 838:849 the unigenes 838:849 Analysis of RNASeq data under 2-DG treated and control condition reveals that 56% of the unigenes do not have any known similarity to proteins in non-redundant database. 27242677 12 66 theme expressed 1687:1695 arg1 genes 1697:1701 the differentially expressed genes 1668:1701 the differentially expressed genes 1668:1701 Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicates metabolic process (35%) is the pre-dominant class followed by carbohydrate degradation (11%), protein folding, and trafficking (6.2%) and transport (5.3%) classes. 27242677 4 67 theme quantitative 643:654 arg1 analysis 666:673 quantitative proteomic analysis 643:673 quantitative proteomic analysis 643:673 An integrated RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomic analysis was performed to investigate the cellular response to 2-DG in A. malaysianum. 27242677 16 68 theme Transmission 2239:2250 arg1 microscopy 2261:2270 Transmission electron microscopy 2239:2270 Transmission electron microscopy analyses 2239:2279 Transmission electron microscopy analyses demonstrated that the 2-DG treated cell walls of hyphae showed significant differences in the cell-wall thickness. 27242677 1 69 theme 2-deoxy 225:231 arg1 treatment 250:258 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG) treatment 225:258 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG) treatment in Arthrinium malaysianum cultures 225:293 This study catalogs production of industrially important enzymes and changes in transcript expression caused by 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG) treatment in Arthrinium malaysianum cultures. 27242677 8 70 contain have 1249:1252 arg1 582 1245:1247 582 1245:1247 582 1245:1247 Out of the 2691 differentially expressed transcripts, only 582 have any known function. 27242677 8 70 contain have 1249:1252 arg2 function 1264:1271 any known function 1254:1271 any known function 1254:1271 Out of the 2691 differentially expressed transcripts, only 582 have any known function. 27242677 6 71 theme Gene 923:926 arg1 IDs 937:939 Gene Ontology IDs 923:939 Gene Ontology IDs 923:939 Gene Ontology IDs were assigned to 36% of the transcripts (13260) and about 5207 (14%) were mapped to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG). 27242677 17 72 theme viable 2487:2492 arg1 enzymes 2494:2500 commercially viable enzymes 2474:2500 commercially viable enzymes 2474:2500 Overall 2-DG treatment in A. malaysianum induced secretion of large amount of commercially viable enzymes compared to other known species. 27242677 4 73 theme integrated 613:622 arg1 sequencing 628:637 An integrated RNA sequencing 610:637 An integrated RNA sequencing 610:637 An integrated RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomic analysis was performed to investigate the cellular response to 2-DG in A. malaysianum. 27242677 3 74 theme 2-DG 553:556 arg1 treatment 558:566 2-DG treatment 553:566 2-DG treatment 553:566 Higher levels of secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes under 2-DG treatment can be exploited for commercial purposes. 27242677 3 75 theme commercial 589:598 arg1 purposes 600:607 commercial purposes 589:607 commercial purposes 589:607 Higher levels of secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes under 2-DG treatment can be exploited for commercial purposes. 27242677 17 76 theme other 2514:2518 arg1 species 2526:2532 other known species 2514:2532 other known species 2514:2532 Overall 2-DG treatment in A. malaysianum induced secretion of large amount of commercially viable enzymes compared to other known species. 27242677 4 77 theme cellular 708:715 arg1 response 717:724 the cellular response 704:724 the cellular response to 2-DG in A. malaysianum 704:750 An integrated RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomic analysis was performed to investigate the cellular response to 2-DG in A. malaysianum. 27242677 0 78 theme 2-Deoxy 84:90 arg1 Treatment 102:110 2-Deoxy D-Glucose Treatment 84:110 2-Deoxy D-Glucose Treatment 84:110 Tricking Arthrinium malaysianum into Producing Industrially Important Enzymes Under 2-Deoxy D-Glucose Treatment. 27242677 1 79 theme enzymes 170:176 arg1 production 133:142 production 133:142 production of industrially important enzymes 133:176 This study catalogs production of industrially important enzymes and changes in transcript expression caused by 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG) treatment in Arthrinium malaysianum cultures. 27242677 1 79 theme enzymes 170:176 arg1 changes 182:188 changes 182:188 changes in transcript expression caused by 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG) treatment in Arthrinium malaysianum cultures 182:293 This study catalogs production of industrially important enzymes and changes in transcript expression caused by 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG) treatment in Arthrinium malaysianum cultures. 27242677 12 80 theme ontology 1647:1654 arg1 analysis 1656:1663 Gene ontology analysis 1642:1663 Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes 1642:1701 Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicates metabolic process (35%) is the pre-dominant class followed by carbohydrate degradation (11%), protein folding, and trafficking (6.2%) and transport (5.3%) classes. 27242677 6 81 theme transcripts 969:979 arg1 % 960:960 36% 958:960 36% of the transcripts (13260) 958:987 Gene Ontology IDs were assigned to 36% of the transcripts (13260) and about 5207 (14%) were mapped to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG). 27242677 6 81 theme transcripts 969:979 arg1 transcripts 969:979 the transcripts 965:979 the transcripts (13260) 965:987 Gene Ontology IDs were assigned to 36% of the transcripts (13260) and about 5207 (14%) were mapped to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG). 27242677 6 81 theme transcripts 969:979 arg1 13260 982:986 13260 982:986 13260 982:986 Gene Ontology IDs were assigned to 36% of the transcripts (13260) and about 5207 (14%) were mapped to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG). 27242677 5 82 contain have 858:861 arg1 % 833:833 56% 831:833 56% of the unigenes 831:849 Analysis of RNASeq data under 2-DG treated and control condition reveals that 56% of the unigenes do not have any known similarity to proteins in non-redundant database. 27242677 5 82 contain have 858:861 arg1 unigenes 842:849 the unigenes 838:849 the unigenes 838:849 Analysis of RNASeq data under 2-DG treated and control condition reveals that 56% of the unigenes do not have any known similarity to proteins in non-redundant database. 27242677 5 82 contain have 858:861 arg2 similarity 873:882 any known similarity 863:882 any known similarity to proteins 863:894 Analysis of RNASeq data under 2-DG treated and control condition reveals that 56% of the unigenes do not have any known similarity to proteins in non-redundant database. 27242677 7 83 theme 2691 1107:1110 arg1 transcripts 1112:1122 2691 transcripts 1107:1122 2691 transcripts 1107:1122 About 1711 genes encoding 2691 transcripts were differentially expressed in treated vs. control samples. 27242677 14 84 theme gel 2159:2161 arg1 analysis 2163:2170 the 2D gel analysis 2152:2170 the 2D gel analysis 2152:2170 Major enzymes secreted by A. malaysianum are those degrading plant polysaccharides, the most dominant ones being β-glucosidase, as demonstrated by the 2D gel analysis. 27242677 12 85 theme protein 1807:1813 arg1 folding 1815:1821 protein folding 1807:1821 protein folding 1807:1821 Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicates metabolic process (35%) is the pre-dominant class followed by carbohydrate degradation (11%), protein folding, and trafficking (6.2%) and transport (5.3%) classes. 27242677 17 86 theme large 2458:2462 arg1 amount 2464:2469 large amount 2458:2469 large amount of commercially viable enzymes 2458:2500 Overall 2-DG treatment in A. malaysianum induced secretion of large amount of commercially viable enzymes compared to other known species. 27242677 17 86 theme large 2458:2462 arg1 enzymes 2494:2500 commercially viable enzymes 2474:2500 commercially viable enzymes 2474:2500 Overall 2-DG treatment in A. malaysianum induced secretion of large amount of commercially viable enzymes compared to other known species. 27242677 5 87 theme treated 788:794 arg1 condition 808:816 2-DG treated and control condition 783:816 2-DG treated and control condition 783:816 Analysis of RNASeq data under 2-DG treated and control condition reveals that 56% of the unigenes do not have any known similarity to proteins in non-redundant database. 27242677 5 88 theme non-redundant 899:911 arg1 database 913:920 non-redundant database 899:920 non-redundant database 899:920 Analysis of RNASeq data under 2-DG treated and control condition reveals that 56% of the unigenes do not have any known similarity to proteins in non-redundant database. 27242677 3 89 theme Higher 412:417 arg1 levels 419:424 Higher levels 412:424 Higher levels of secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes under 2-DG treatment 412:566 Higher levels of secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes under 2-DG treatment can be exploited for commercial purposes. 27242677 2 90 theme other 395:399 arg1 organisms 401:409 many other organisms 390:409 many other organisms 390:409 Carbon Catabolite Repression (CCR) induced by 2-DG in this species is cAMP independent unlike many other organisms. 27242677 5 91 theme control 800:806 arg1 condition 808:816 2-DG treated and control condition 783:816 2-DG treated and control condition 783:816 Analysis of RNASeq data under 2-DG treated and control condition reveals that 56% of the unigenes do not have any known similarity to proteins in non-redundant database. 27242677 5 92 theme RNASeq 765:770 arg1 data 772:775 RNASeq data 765:775 RNASeq data 765:775 Analysis of RNASeq data under 2-DG treated and control condition reveals that 56% of the unigenes do not have any known similarity to proteins in non-redundant database. 27242677 16 93 theme cell-wall 2375:2383 arg1 thickness 2385:2393 the cell-wall thickness 2371:2393 the cell-wall thickness 2371:2393 Transmission electron microscopy analyses demonstrated that the 2-DG treated cell walls of hyphae showed significant differences in the cell-wall thickness. 27242677 3 94 theme endoglucanase 438:450 arg1 enzymes 539:545 secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes 429:545 secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes under 2-DG treatment 429:566 Higher levels of secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes under 2-DG treatment can be exploited for commercial purposes. 27242677 11 95 theme reservoir 1608:1616 arg1 pathways 1581:1588 glycosylation pathways 1567:1588 glycosylation pathways 1567:1588 Whereas genes encoding glycosylation pathways, growth, nutrient reservoir activity was repressed. 27242677 11 95 theme reservoir 1608:1616 arg1 activity 1618:1625 nutrient reservoir activity 1599:1625 nutrient reservoir activity 1599:1625 Whereas genes encoding glycosylation pathways, growth, nutrient reservoir activity was repressed. 27242677 16 96 from differences 2356:2366 arg1 thickness 2385:2393 the cell-wall thickness 2371:2393 the cell-wall thickness 2371:2393 Transmission electron microscopy analyses demonstrated that the 2-DG treated cell walls of hyphae showed significant differences in the cell-wall thickness. 27242677 13 97 theme conventional 1901:1912 arg1 UPR 1941:1943 UPR 1941:1943 UPR 1941:1943 Unlike other organisms, conventional unfolded protein response (UPR) was not activated in either control or treated conditions. 27242677 13 97 theme conventional 1901:1912 arg1 response 1931:1938 conventional unfolded protein response 1901:1938 conventional unfolded protein response (UPR) 1901:1944 Unlike other organisms, conventional unfolded protein response (UPR) was not activated in either control or treated conditions. 27242677 4 98 from response 717:724 arg1 malaysianum 740:750 A. malaysianum 737:750 A. malaysianum 737:750 An integrated RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomic analysis was performed to investigate the cellular response to 2-DG in A. malaysianum. 27242677 9 99 theme regulated 1286:1294 arg1 genes 1296:1300 The most up regulated genes 1274:1300 The most up regulated genes 1274:1300 The most up regulated genes belonged to Pentose Phosphate Pathways and carbohydrate degradation class as expected. 27242677 12 100 theme pre-dominant 1744:1755 arg1 process 1723:1729 metabolic process 1713:1729 metabolic process (35%) 1713:1735 Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicates metabolic process (35%) is the pre-dominant class followed by carbohydrate degradation (11%), protein folding, and trafficking (6.2%) and transport (5.3%) classes. 27242677 12 100 theme pre-dominant 1744:1755 arg1 class 1757:1761 the pre-dominant class 1740:1761 the pre-dominant class followed by carbohydrate degradation (11%), protein folding, and trafficking (6.2%) and transport (5.3%) classes 1740:1874 Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicates metabolic process (35%) is the pre-dominant class followed by carbohydrate degradation (11%), protein folding, and trafficking (6.2%) and transport (5.3%) classes. 27242677 3 101 theme β-xylosidase 479:490 arg1 enzymes 539:545 secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes 429:545 secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes under 2-DG treatment 429:566 Higher levels of secreted endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), β-xylosidase (BXL), and filter paper activity assay (FPase) enzymes under 2-DG treatment can be exploited for commercial purposes. 27242677 15 102 theme expressed 2199:2207 arg1 mRNAs 2209:2213 7 differentially expressed mRNAs 2182:2213 7 differentially expressed mRNAs 2182:2213 A set of 7 differentially expressed mRNAs were validated by qPCR. 27242677 7 103 theme control 1169:1175 arg1 samples 1177:1183 treated vs. control samples 1157:1183 treated vs. control samples 1157:1183 About 1711 genes encoding 2691 transcripts were differentially expressed in treated vs. control samples. 27242677 17 104 theme Overall 2396:2402 arg1 treatment 2409:2417 Overall 2-DG treatment 2396:2417 Overall 2-DG treatment in A. malaysianum 2396:2435 Overall 2-DG treatment in A. malaysianum induced secretion of large amount of commercially viable enzymes compared to other known species. 27242677 11 105 theme glycosylation 1567:1579 arg1 growth 1591:1596 growth 1591:1596 growth 1591:1596 Whereas genes encoding glycosylation pathways, growth, nutrient reservoir activity was repressed. 27242677 11 105 theme glycosylation 1567:1579 arg1 pathways 1581:1588 glycosylation pathways 1567:1588 glycosylation pathways 1567:1588 Whereas genes encoding glycosylation pathways, growth, nutrient reservoir activity was repressed. 27242677 11 105 theme glycosylation 1567:1579 arg1 activity 1618:1625 nutrient reservoir activity 1599:1625 nutrient reservoir activity 1599:1625 Whereas genes encoding glycosylation pathways, growth, nutrient reservoir activity was repressed. 27242677 9 106 theme Pentose 1314:1320 arg1 Pathways 1332:1339 Pentose Phosphate Pathways 1314:1339 Pentose Phosphate Pathways 1314:1339 The most up regulated genes belonged to Pentose Phosphate Pathways and carbohydrate degradation class as expected. 27242677 16 107 theme cell 2316:2319 arg1 walls 2321:2325 the 2-DG treated cell walls 2299:2325 the 2-DG treated cell walls of hyphae 2299:2335 Transmission electron microscopy analyses demonstrated that the 2-DG treated cell walls of hyphae showed significant differences in the cell-wall thickness. 27242677 0 108 theme Arthrinium 9:18 arg1 malaysianum 20:30 Arthrinium malaysianum 9:30 Arthrinium malaysianum 9:30 Tricking Arthrinium malaysianum into Producing Industrially Important Enzymes Under 2-Deoxy D-Glucose Treatment. 27242677 11 109 dep repressed 1631:1639 arg1 Whereas 1544:1550 Whereas 1544:1550 Whereas 1544:1550 Whereas genes encoding glycosylation pathways, growth, nutrient reservoir activity was repressed. 24804163 0 0 theme umbilical 88:96 arg1 blood 103:107 human umbilical cord blood 82:107 human umbilical cord blood 82:107 Extracellular o-linked N-acetylglucosamine is enriched in stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood. 24804163 4 1 theme stem 476:479 arg1 surface 486:492 the stem cell surface 472:492 the stem cell surface 472:492 The glycans on the stem cell surface respond rapidly to alterations in cellular state and signaling and are therefore ideal for identifying even minor changes in cell populations. 24804163 7 2 link O-linked 997:1004 arg1 O-GlcNAc 1027:1034 O-GlcNAc 1027:1034 O-GlcNAc 1027:1034 EOGT is responsible for adding O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to folded EGF domains on extracellular proteins, such as those on the Notch receptors. 24804163 7 2 link O-linked 997:1004 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 1006:1024 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 997:1024 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 997:1035 EOGT is responsible for adding O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to folded EGF domains on extracellular proteins, such as those on the Notch receptors. 24804163 5 3 theme used 723:726 arg1 SSEA-3 736:741 SSEA-3 736:741 SSEA-3 736:741 Many stem cell markers are based on cell surface glycan epitopes including the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81. 24804163 5 3 theme used 723:726 arg1 Tra 766:768 Tra 1-81 766:773 Tra 1-81 766:773 Many stem cell markers are based on cell surface glycan epitopes including the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81. 24804163 5 3 theme used 723:726 arg1 Tra 752:754 Tra 1-60 752:759 Tra 1-60 752:759 Many stem cell markers are based on cell surface glycan epitopes including the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81. 24804163 5 3 theme used 723:726 arg1 markers 728:734 the widely used markers 712:734 the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81 712:773 Many stem cell markers are based on cell surface glycan epitopes including the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81. 24804163 5 3 theme used 723:726 arg1 SSEA-4 744:749 SSEA-4 744:749 SSEA-4 744:749 Many stem cell markers are based on cell surface glycan epitopes including the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81. 24804163 9 4 theme fine 1422:1425 arg1 tuning 1427:1432 the fine tuning 1418:1432 the fine tuning of Notch receptor signaling pathways in stem cells 1418:1483 We suggest that these novel glycans are involved in the fine tuning of Notch receptor signaling pathways in stem cells. 24804163 0 5 theme human 82:86 arg1 blood 103:107 human umbilical cord blood 82:107 human umbilical cord blood 82:107 Extracellular o-linked N-acetylglucosamine is enriched in stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood. 24804163 1 6 contain have 121:124 arg1 cells 115:119 Stem cells 110:119 Stem cells 110:119 Stem cells have a unique ability to self-renew and differentiate into diverse cell types. 24804163 1 6 contain have 121:124 arg2 ability 135:141 a unique ability 126:141 a unique ability to self-renew and differentiate into diverse cell types 126:197 Stem cells have a unique ability to self-renew and differentiate into diverse cell types. 24804163 5 7 theme Many 637:640 arg1 markers 652:658 Many stem cell markers 637:658 Many stem cell markers 637:658 Many stem cell markers are based on cell surface glycan epitopes including the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81. 24804163 6 8 dep domain-specific 879:893 arg1 factor 866:871 epidermal growth factor 849:871 epidermal growth factor 849:871 We have now discovered by mRNA analysis that a novel glycosyltranferase, epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), is highly expressed in stem cells. 24804163 6 9 theme epidermal 849:857 arg1 factor 866:871 epidermal growth factor 849:871 epidermal growth factor 849:871 We have now discovered by mRNA analysis that a novel glycosyltranferase, epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), is highly expressed in stem cells. 24804163 5 10 theme stem 642:645 arg1 markers 652:658 Many stem cell markers 637:658 Many stem cell markers 637:658 Many stem cell markers are based on cell surface glycan epitopes including the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81. 24804163 2 11 theme new 277:279 arg1 cells 216:220 stem cells 211:220 stem cells from various sources 211:241 Currently, stem cells from various sources are being explored as a promising new treatment for a variety of human diseases. 24804163 2 11 theme new 277:279 arg1 treatment 281:289 a promising new treatment 265:289 a promising new treatment for a variety of human diseases 265:321 Currently, stem cells from various sources are being explored as a promising new treatment for a variety of human diseases. 24804163 8 12 link O-linked 1336:1343 arg1 N-acetyllactosamine 1345:1363 O-linked N-acetyllactosamine 1336:1363 O-linked N-acetyllactosamine 1336:1363 We were able to show by immunological assays that human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells display O-GlcNAc, the product of EOGT, and that O-GlcNAc is further elongated with galactose to form O-linked N-acetyllactosamine. 24804163 0 13 theme cord 98:101 arg1 blood 103:107 human umbilical cord blood 82:107 human umbilical cord blood 82:107 Extracellular o-linked N-acetylglucosamine is enriched in stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood. 24804163 5 14 theme cell 647:650 arg1 markers 652:658 Many stem cell markers 637:658 Many stem cell markers 637:658 Many stem cell markers are based on cell surface glycan epitopes including the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81. 24804163 0 15 link o-linked 14:21 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 23:41 Extracellular o-linked N-acetylglucosamine 0:41 Extracellular o-linked N-acetylglucosamine 0:41 Extracellular o-linked N-acetylglucosamine is enriched in stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood. 24804163 2 16 theme promising 267:275 arg1 cells 216:220 stem cells 211:220 stem cells from various sources 211:241 Currently, stem cells from various sources are being explored as a promising new treatment for a variety of human diseases. 24804163 2 16 theme promising 267:275 arg1 treatment 281:289 a promising new treatment 265:289 a promising new treatment for a variety of human diseases 265:321 Currently, stem cells from various sources are being explored as a promising new treatment for a variety of human diseases. 24804163 9 17 theme novel 1388:1392 arg1 glycans 1394:1400 these novel glycans 1382:1400 these novel glycans 1382:1400 We suggest that these novel glycans are involved in the fine tuning of Notch receptor signaling pathways in stem cells. 24804163 7 18 theme Notch 1107:1111 arg1 receptors 1113:1121 the Notch receptors 1103:1121 the Notch receptors 1103:1121 EOGT is responsible for adding O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to folded EGF domains on extracellular proteins, such as those on the Notch receptors. 24804163 8 19 theme mesenchymal 1209:1219 arg1 cells 1229:1233 human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells 1174:1233 human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells 1174:1233 We were able to show by immunological assays that human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells display O-GlcNAc, the product of EOGT, and that O-GlcNAc is further elongated with galactose to form O-linked N-acetyllactosamine. 24804163 9 20 theme stem 1474:1477 arg1 cells 1479:1483 stem cells 1474:1483 stem cells 1474:1483 We suggest that these novel glycans are involved in the fine tuning of Notch receptor signaling pathways in stem cells. 24804163 3 21 theme specific 413:420 arg1 populations 444:454 specific therapeutic stem cell populations 413:454 specific therapeutic stem cell populations 413:454 A diverse set of functional and phenotypical markers are used in the characterization of specific therapeutic stem cell populations. 24804163 3 22 theme diverse 326:332 arg1 markers 369:375 functional and phenotypical markers 341:375 functional and phenotypical markers 341:375 A diverse set of functional and phenotypical markers are used in the characterization of specific therapeutic stem cell populations. 24804163 3 22 theme diverse 326:332 arg1 set 334:336 A diverse set 324:336 A diverse set of functional and phenotypical markers 324:375 A diverse set of functional and phenotypical markers are used in the characterization of specific therapeutic stem cell populations. 24804163 6 23 theme novel 823:827 arg1 glycosyltranferase 829:846 a novel glycosyltranferase 821:846 a novel glycosyltranferase 821:846 We have now discovered by mRNA analysis that a novel glycosyltranferase, epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), is highly expressed in stem cells. 24804163 6 23 theme novel 823:827 arg1 transferase 911:921 O-linked GlcNAc transferase 895:921 epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT) 849:928 We have now discovered by mRNA analysis that a novel glycosyltranferase, epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), is highly expressed in stem cells. 24804163 3 24 theme markers 369:375 arg1 markers 369:375 functional and phenotypical markers 341:375 functional and phenotypical markers 341:375 A diverse set of functional and phenotypical markers are used in the characterization of specific therapeutic stem cell populations. 24804163 3 24 theme markers 369:375 arg1 set 334:336 A diverse set 324:336 A diverse set of functional and phenotypical markers 324:375 A diverse set of functional and phenotypical markers are used in the characterization of specific therapeutic stem cell populations. 24804163 3 25 theme therapeutic 422:432 arg1 populations 444:454 specific therapeutic stem cell populations 413:454 specific therapeutic stem cell populations 413:454 A diverse set of functional and phenotypical markers are used in the characterization of specific therapeutic stem cell populations. 24804163 0 26 theme o-linked 14:21 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 23:41 Extracellular o-linked N-acetylglucosamine 0:41 Extracellular o-linked N-acetylglucosamine 0:41 Extracellular o-linked N-acetylglucosamine is enriched in stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood. 24804163 4 27 from glycans 461:467 arg1 surface 486:492 the stem cell surface 472:492 the stem cell surface 472:492 The glycans on the stem cell surface respond rapidly to alterations in cellular state and signaling and are therefore ideal for identifying even minor changes in cell populations. 24804163 9 28 from tuning 1427:1432 arg1 cells 1479:1483 stem cells 1474:1483 stem cells 1474:1483 We suggest that these novel glycans are involved in the fine tuning of Notch receptor signaling pathways in stem cells. 24804163 9 29 theme receptor 1443:1450 arg1 pathways 1462:1469 Notch receptor signaling pathways 1437:1469 Notch receptor signaling pathways 1437:1469 We suggest that these novel glycans are involved in the fine tuning of Notch receptor signaling pathways in stem cells. 24804163 1 30 theme diverse 180:186 arg1 types 193:197 diverse cell types 180:197 diverse cell types 180:197 Stem cells have a unique ability to self-renew and differentiate into diverse cell types. 24804163 0 31 theme Extracellular 0:12 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 23:41 Extracellular o-linked N-acetylglucosamine 0:41 Extracellular o-linked N-acetylglucosamine 0:41 Extracellular o-linked N-acetylglucosamine is enriched in stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood. 24804163 8 32 theme immunological 1148:1160 arg1 assays 1162:1167 immunological assays 1148:1167 immunological assays 1148:1167 We were able to show by immunological assays that human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells display O-GlcNAc, the product of EOGT, and that O-GlcNAc is further elongated with galactose to form O-linked N-acetyllactosamine. 24804163 8 33 link blood-derived 1195:1207 arg1 cells 1229:1233 human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells 1174:1233 human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells 1174:1233 We were able to show by immunological assays that human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells display O-GlcNAc, the product of EOGT, and that O-GlcNAc is further elongated with galactose to form O-linked N-acetyllactosamine. 24804163 1 34 theme cell 188:191 arg1 types 193:197 diverse cell types 180:197 diverse cell types 180:197 Stem cells have a unique ability to self-renew and differentiate into diverse cell types. 24804163 3 35 theme functional 341:350 arg1 markers 369:375 functional and phenotypical markers 341:375 functional and phenotypical markers 341:375 A diverse set of functional and phenotypical markers are used in the characterization of specific therapeutic stem cell populations. 24804163 4 36 theme cellular 528:535 arg1 state 537:541 cellular state 528:541 cellular state 528:541 The glycans on the stem cell surface respond rapidly to alterations in cellular state and signaling and are therefore ideal for identifying even minor changes in cell populations. 24804163 5 37 theme cell 673:676 arg1 markers 728:734 the widely used markers 712:734 the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81 712:773 Many stem cell markers are based on cell surface glycan epitopes including the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81. 24804163 5 37 theme cell 673:676 arg1 epitopes 693:700 cell surface glycan epitopes 673:700 cell surface glycan epitopes including the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81 673:773 Many stem cell markers are based on cell surface glycan epitopes including the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81. 24804163 2 38 from sources 235:241 arg1 cells 216:220 stem cells 211:220 stem cells from various sources 211:241 Currently, stem cells from various sources are being explored as a promising new treatment for a variety of human diseases. 24804163 2 38 from sources 235:241 arg1 treatment 281:289 a promising new treatment 265:289 a promising new treatment for a variety of human diseases 265:321 Currently, stem cells from various sources are being explored as a promising new treatment for a variety of human diseases. 24804163 3 39 theme populations 444:454 arg1 characterization 393:408 the characterization 389:408 the characterization of specific therapeutic stem cell populations 389:454 A diverse set of functional and phenotypical markers are used in the characterization of specific therapeutic stem cell populations. 24804163 5 40 theme surface 678:684 arg1 markers 728:734 the widely used markers 712:734 the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81 712:773 Many stem cell markers are based on cell surface glycan epitopes including the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81. 24804163 5 40 theme surface 678:684 arg1 epitopes 693:700 cell surface glycan epitopes 673:700 cell surface glycan epitopes including the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81 673:773 Many stem cell markers are based on cell surface glycan epitopes including the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81. 24804163 1 41 theme Stem 110:113 arg1 cells 115:119 Stem cells 110:119 Stem cells 110:119 Stem cells have a unique ability to self-renew and differentiate into diverse cell types. 24804163 9 42 theme signaling 1452:1460 arg1 pathways 1462:1469 Notch receptor signaling pathways 1437:1469 Notch receptor signaling pathways 1437:1469 We suggest that these novel glycans are involved in the fine tuning of Notch receptor signaling pathways in stem cells. 24804163 8 43 theme human 1174:1178 arg1 cells 1229:1233 human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells 1174:1233 human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells 1174:1233 We were able to show by immunological assays that human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells display O-GlcNAc, the product of EOGT, and that O-GlcNAc is further elongated with galactose to form O-linked N-acetyllactosamine. 24804163 6 44 theme GlcNAc 904:909 arg1 glycosyltranferase 829:846 a novel glycosyltranferase 821:846 a novel glycosyltranferase 821:846 We have now discovered by mRNA analysis that a novel glycosyltranferase, epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), is highly expressed in stem cells. 24804163 6 44 theme GlcNAc 904:909 arg1 transferase 911:921 O-linked GlcNAc transferase 895:921 epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT) 849:928 We have now discovered by mRNA analysis that a novel glycosyltranferase, epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), is highly expressed in stem cells. 24804163 6 44 theme GlcNAc 904:909 arg1 EOGT 924:927 EOGT 924:927 EOGT 924:927 We have now discovered by mRNA analysis that a novel glycosyltranferase, epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), is highly expressed in stem cells. 24804163 5 45 theme glycan 686:691 arg1 markers 728:734 the widely used markers 712:734 the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81 712:773 Many stem cell markers are based on cell surface glycan epitopes including the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81. 24804163 5 45 theme glycan 686:691 arg1 epitopes 693:700 cell surface glycan epitopes 673:700 cell surface glycan epitopes including the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81 673:773 Many stem cell markers are based on cell surface glycan epitopes including the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81. 24804163 8 46 theme blood-derived 1195:1207 arg1 cells 1229:1233 human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells 1174:1233 human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells 1174:1233 We were able to show by immunological assays that human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells display O-GlcNAc, the product of EOGT, and that O-GlcNAc is further elongated with galactose to form O-linked N-acetyllactosamine. 24804163 2 47 theme various 227:233 arg1 sources 235:241 various sources 227:241 various sources 227:241 Currently, stem cells from various sources are being explored as a promising new treatment for a variety of human diseases. 24804163 4 48 from changes 608:614 arg1 populations 624:634 cell populations 619:634 cell populations 619:634 The glycans on the stem cell surface respond rapidly to alterations in cellular state and signaling and are therefore ideal for identifying even minor changes in cell populations. 24804163 3 49 theme stem 434:437 arg1 populations 444:454 specific therapeutic stem cell populations 413:454 specific therapeutic stem cell populations 413:454 A diverse set of functional and phenotypical markers are used in the characterization of specific therapeutic stem cell populations. 24804163 4 50 from alterations 513:523 arg1 state 537:541 cellular state 528:541 cellular state 528:541 The glycans on the stem cell surface respond rapidly to alterations in cellular state and signaling and are therefore ideal for identifying even minor changes in cell populations. 24804163 4 50 from alterations 513:523 arg1 signaling 547:555 signaling 547:555 signaling 547:555 The glycans on the stem cell surface respond rapidly to alterations in cellular state and signaling and are therefore ideal for identifying even minor changes in cell populations. 24804163 6 51 theme O-linked 895:902 arg1 glycosyltranferase 829:846 a novel glycosyltranferase 821:846 a novel glycosyltranferase 821:846 We have now discovered by mRNA analysis that a novel glycosyltranferase, epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), is highly expressed in stem cells. 24804163 6 51 theme O-linked 895:902 arg1 transferase 911:921 O-linked GlcNAc transferase 895:921 epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT) 849:928 We have now discovered by mRNA analysis that a novel glycosyltranferase, epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), is highly expressed in stem cells. 24804163 6 51 theme O-linked 895:902 arg1 EOGT 924:927 EOGT 924:927 EOGT 924:927 We have now discovered by mRNA analysis that a novel glycosyltranferase, epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), is highly expressed in stem cells. 24804163 6 52 theme mRNA 802:805 arg1 analysis 807:814 mRNA analysis 802:814 mRNA analysis 802:814 We have now discovered by mRNA analysis that a novel glycosyltranferase, epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), is highly expressed in stem cells. 24804163 0 53 attach derived 69:75 arg2 cells 63:67 stem cells 58:67 stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood 58:107 Extracellular o-linked N-acetylglucosamine is enriched in stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood. 24804163 0 53 attach derived 69:75 arg1 blood 103:107 human umbilical cord blood 82:107 human umbilical cord blood 82:107 Extracellular o-linked N-acetylglucosamine is enriched in stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood. 24804163 3 54 theme cell 439:442 arg1 populations 444:454 specific therapeutic stem cell populations 413:454 specific therapeutic stem cell populations 413:454 A diverse set of functional and phenotypical markers are used in the characterization of specific therapeutic stem cell populations. 24804163 7 55 theme extracellular 1062:1074 arg1 those 1094:1098 those 1094:1098 those 1094:1098 EOGT is responsible for adding O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to folded EGF domains on extracellular proteins, such as those on the Notch receptors. 24804163 7 55 theme extracellular 1062:1074 arg1 proteins 1076:1083 extracellular proteins 1062:1083 extracellular proteins 1062:1083 EOGT is responsible for adding O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to folded EGF domains on extracellular proteins, such as those on the Notch receptors. 24804163 6 56 theme domain-specific 879:893 arg1 glycosyltranferase 829:846 a novel glycosyltranferase 821:846 a novel glycosyltranferase 821:846 We have now discovered by mRNA analysis that a novel glycosyltranferase, epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), is highly expressed in stem cells. 24804163 6 56 theme domain-specific 879:893 arg1 transferase 911:921 O-linked GlcNAc transferase 895:921 epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT) 849:928 We have now discovered by mRNA analysis that a novel glycosyltranferase, epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), is highly expressed in stem cells. 24804163 6 56 theme domain-specific 879:893 arg1 EOGT 924:927 EOGT 924:927 EOGT 924:927 We have now discovered by mRNA analysis that a novel glycosyltranferase, epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), is highly expressed in stem cells. 24804163 3 57 used used 381:384 arg2 set 334:336 A diverse set 324:336 A diverse set of functional and phenotypical markers 324:375 A diverse set of functional and phenotypical markers are used in the characterization of specific therapeutic stem cell populations. 24804163 3 57 used used 381:384 arg2 markers 369:375 functional and phenotypical markers 341:375 functional and phenotypical markers 341:375 A diverse set of functional and phenotypical markers are used in the characterization of specific therapeutic stem cell populations. 24804163 5 58 dep markers 728:734 arg1 SSEA-3 736:741 SSEA-3 736:741 SSEA-3 736:741 Many stem cell markers are based on cell surface glycan epitopes including the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81. 24804163 5 58 dep markers 728:734 arg1 Tra 766:768 Tra 1-81 766:773 Tra 1-81 766:773 Many stem cell markers are based on cell surface glycan epitopes including the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81. 24804163 5 58 dep markers 728:734 arg1 Tra 752:754 Tra 1-60 752:759 Tra 1-60 752:759 Many stem cell markers are based on cell surface glycan epitopes including the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81. 24804163 5 58 dep markers 728:734 arg1 markers 728:734 the widely used markers 712:734 the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81 712:773 Many stem cell markers are based on cell surface glycan epitopes including the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81. 24804163 5 58 dep markers 728:734 arg1 SSEA-4 744:749 SSEA-4 744:749 SSEA-4 744:749 Many stem cell markers are based on cell surface glycan epitopes including the widely used markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60, and Tra 1-81. 24804163 8 59 theme stromal 1221:1227 arg1 cells 1229:1233 human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells 1174:1233 human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells 1174:1233 We were able to show by immunological assays that human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells display O-GlcNAc, the product of EOGT, and that O-GlcNAc is further elongated with galactose to form O-linked N-acetyllactosamine. 24804163 0 60 theme stem 58:61 arg1 cells 63:67 stem cells 58:67 stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood 58:107 Extracellular o-linked N-acetylglucosamine is enriched in stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood. 24804163 7 61 from domains 1051:1057 arg1 those 1094:1098 those 1094:1098 those 1094:1098 EOGT is responsible for adding O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to folded EGF domains on extracellular proteins, such as those on the Notch receptors. 24804163 7 61 from domains 1051:1057 arg1 proteins 1076:1083 extracellular proteins 1062:1083 extracellular proteins 1062:1083 EOGT is responsible for adding O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to folded EGF domains on extracellular proteins, such as those on the Notch receptors. 24804163 7 62 theme O-linked 997:1004 arg1 O-GlcNAc 1027:1034 O-GlcNAc 1027:1034 O-GlcNAc 1027:1034 EOGT is responsible for adding O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to folded EGF domains on extracellular proteins, such as those on the Notch receptors. 24804163 7 62 theme O-linked 997:1004 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 1006:1024 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 997:1024 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 997:1035 EOGT is responsible for adding O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to folded EGF domains on extracellular proteins, such as those on the Notch receptors. 24804163 6 63 theme growth 859:864 arg1 factor 866:871 epidermal growth factor 849:871 epidermal growth factor 849:871 We have now discovered by mRNA analysis that a novel glycosyltranferase, epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), is highly expressed in stem cells. 24804163 2 64 theme stem 211:214 arg1 cells 216:220 stem cells 211:220 stem cells from various sources 211:241 Currently, stem cells from various sources are being explored as a promising new treatment for a variety of human diseases. 24804163 2 64 theme stem 211:214 arg1 treatment 281:289 a promising new treatment 265:289 a promising new treatment for a variety of human diseases 265:321 Currently, stem cells from various sources are being explored as a promising new treatment for a variety of human diseases. 24804163 2 65 theme diseases 314:321 arg1 diseases 314:321 human diseases 308:321 human diseases 308:321 Currently, stem cells from various sources are being explored as a promising new treatment for a variety of human diseases. 24804163 2 65 theme diseases 314:321 arg1 variety 297:303 a variety 295:303 a variety of human diseases 295:321 Currently, stem cells from various sources are being explored as a promising new treatment for a variety of human diseases. 24804163 8 66 theme O-linked 1336:1343 arg1 N-acetyllactosamine 1345:1363 O-linked N-acetyllactosamine 1336:1363 O-linked N-acetyllactosamine 1336:1363 We were able to show by immunological assays that human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells display O-GlcNAc, the product of EOGT, and that O-GlcNAc is further elongated with galactose to form O-linked N-acetyllactosamine. 24804163 9 67 theme Notch 1437:1441 arg1 pathways 1462:1469 Notch receptor signaling pathways 1437:1469 Notch receptor signaling pathways 1437:1469 We suggest that these novel glycans are involved in the fine tuning of Notch receptor signaling pathways in stem cells. 24804163 2 68 theme human 308:312 arg1 diseases 314:321 human diseases 308:321 human diseases 308:321 Currently, stem cells from various sources are being explored as a promising new treatment for a variety of human diseases. 24804163 8 69 theme cord 1190:1193 arg1 cells 1229:1233 human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells 1174:1233 human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells 1174:1233 We were able to show by immunological assays that human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells display O-GlcNAc, the product of EOGT, and that O-GlcNAc is further elongated with galactose to form O-linked N-acetyllactosamine. 24804163 9 70 theme pathways 1462:1469 arg1 tuning 1427:1432 the fine tuning 1418:1432 the fine tuning of Notch receptor signaling pathways in stem cells 1418:1483 We suggest that these novel glycans are involved in the fine tuning of Notch receptor signaling pathways in stem cells. 24804163 8 71 theme EOGT 1268:1271 arg1 O-GlcNAc 1243:1250 O-GlcNAc 1243:1250 O-GlcNAc 1243:1250 We were able to show by immunological assays that human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells display O-GlcNAc, the product of EOGT, and that O-GlcNAc is further elongated with galactose to form O-linked N-acetyllactosamine. 24804163 8 71 theme EOGT 1268:1271 arg1 product 1257:1263 the product 1253:1263 the product of EOGT 1253:1271 We were able to show by immunological assays that human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells display O-GlcNAc, the product of EOGT, and that O-GlcNAc is further elongated with galactose to form O-linked N-acetyllactosamine. 24804163 7 72 theme folded 1040:1045 arg1 domains 1051:1057 folded EGF domains 1040:1057 folded EGF domains on extracellular proteins, such as those on the Notch receptors 1040:1121 EOGT is responsible for adding O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to folded EGF domains on extracellular proteins, such as those on the Notch receptors. 24804163 1 73 theme unique 128:133 arg1 ability 135:141 a unique ability 126:141 a unique ability to self-renew and differentiate into diverse cell types 126:197 Stem cells have a unique ability to self-renew and differentiate into diverse cell types. 24804163 6 74 theme stem 954:957 arg1 cells 959:963 stem cells 954:963 stem cells 954:963 We have now discovered by mRNA analysis that a novel glycosyltranferase, epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), is highly expressed in stem cells. 24804163 4 75 theme cell 619:622 arg1 populations 624:634 cell populations 619:634 cell populations 619:634 The glycans on the stem cell surface respond rapidly to alterations in cellular state and signaling and are therefore ideal for identifying even minor changes in cell populations. 24804163 6 76 link O-linked 895:902 arg1 glycosyltranferase 829:846 a novel glycosyltranferase 821:846 a novel glycosyltranferase 821:846 We have now discovered by mRNA analysis that a novel glycosyltranferase, epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), is highly expressed in stem cells. 24804163 6 76 link O-linked 895:902 arg1 transferase 911:921 O-linked GlcNAc transferase 895:921 epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT) 849:928 We have now discovered by mRNA analysis that a novel glycosyltranferase, epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), is highly expressed in stem cells. 24804163 6 76 link O-linked 895:902 arg1 EOGT 924:927 EOGT 924:927 EOGT 924:927 We have now discovered by mRNA analysis that a novel glycosyltranferase, epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), is highly expressed in stem cells. 24804163 8 77 theme umbilical 1180:1188 arg1 cells 1229:1233 human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells 1174:1233 human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells 1174:1233 We were able to show by immunological assays that human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells display O-GlcNAc, the product of EOGT, and that O-GlcNAc is further elongated with galactose to form O-linked N-acetyllactosamine. 24804163 4 78 theme minor 602:606 arg1 changes 608:614 even minor changes 597:614 even minor changes in cell populations 597:634 The glycans on the stem cell surface respond rapidly to alterations in cellular state and signaling and are therefore ideal for identifying even minor changes in cell populations. 24804163 4 79 theme cell 481:484 arg1 surface 486:492 the stem cell surface 472:492 the stem cell surface 472:492 The glycans on the stem cell surface respond rapidly to alterations in cellular state and signaling and are therefore ideal for identifying even minor changes in cell populations. 24804163 3 80 theme phenotypical 356:367 arg1 markers 369:375 functional and phenotypical markers 341:375 functional and phenotypical markers 341:375 A diverse set of functional and phenotypical markers are used in the characterization of specific therapeutic stem cell populations. 24804163 7 81 theme EGF 1047:1049 arg1 domains 1051:1057 folded EGF domains 1040:1057 folded EGF domains on extracellular proteins, such as those on the Notch receptors 1040:1121 EOGT is responsible for adding O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to folded EGF domains on extracellular proteins, such as those on the Notch receptors. 27311552 2 0 theme QTOF 491:494 arg1 instrument 497:506 a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument 455:506 a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument 455:506 The analytical approach was based on a modern platform combining the superior sensitivity and reproducibility of fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution and mass accuracy provided by a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument. 27311552 3 1 theme neuroblastoma 684:696 arg1 substrate 663:671 the model substrate 653:671 the model substrate 653:671 The feasibility of the method for the analysis of gangliosides, which are much less expressed in extracranial tissues, was here tested using as the model substrate an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen located in the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant. 27311552 3 1 theme neuroblastoma 684:696 arg1 specimen 703:710 an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen 673:710 an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen located in the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant 673:765 The feasibility of the method for the analysis of gangliosides, which are much less expressed in extracranial tissues, was here tested using as the model substrate an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen located in the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant. 27311552 3 2 from region 737:742 arg1 located 712:718 located 712:718 located 712:718 The feasibility of the method for the analysis of gangliosides, which are much less expressed in extracranial tissues, was here tested using as the model substrate an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen located in the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant. 27311552 2 3 theme chip-based 351:360 arg1 nanoESI 391:397 nanoESI 391:397 nanoESI 391:397 The analytical approach was based on a modern platform combining the superior sensitivity and reproducibility of fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution and mass accuracy provided by a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument. 27311552 2 3 theme chip-based 351:360 arg1 ionization 379:388 fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization 335:388 fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution 335:423 The analytical approach was based on a modern platform combining the superior sensitivity and reproducibility of fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution and mass accuracy provided by a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument. 27311552 8 4 from NB 1527:1528 arg1 present 1516:1522 present 1516:1522 present 1516:1522 Structural analysis of GM1(d18:1/18:2) and GD1(d18:0/19:0) possibly tumor-associated markers, carried out by tandem MS (MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation (CID) at low energies, indicated that both GM1a and GD1b isomers are present in NB. 27311552 0 5 theme adrenal 73:79 arg1 neuroblastoma 81:93 adrenal neuroblastoma 73:93 adrenal neuroblastoma 73:93 Mass spectrometry of gangliosides in extracranial tumors: Application to adrenal neuroblastoma. 27311552 0 6 from spectrometry 5:16 arg1 tumors 50:55 extracranial tumors 37:55 extracranial tumors 37:55 Mass spectrometry of gangliosides in extracranial tumors: Application to adrenal neuroblastoma. 27311552 2 7 theme automated 341:349 arg1 nanoESI 391:397 nanoESI 391:397 nanoESI 391:397 The analytical approach was based on a modern platform combining the superior sensitivity and reproducibility of fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution and mass accuracy provided by a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument. 27311552 2 7 theme automated 341:349 arg1 ionization 379:388 fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization 335:388 fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution 335:423 The analytical approach was based on a modern platform combining the superior sensitivity and reproducibility of fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution and mass accuracy provided by a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument. 27311552 6 8 theme related 1094:1100 arg1 findings 1085:1092 preceding findings 1075:1092 preceding findings related to the GD2 role in NB 1075:1122 By chip-nanoESI MS, preceding findings related to the GD2 role in NB were confirmed. 27311552 4 9 theme different 854:862 arg1 gangliosides 864:875 at least 61 different gangliosides 842:875 at least 61 different gangliosides exhibiting heterogeneity of the glycan and lipid compositions 842:937 Under properly optimized conditions, MS profiling revealed information on at least 61 different gangliosides exhibiting heterogeneity of the glycan and lipid compositions. 27311552 5 10 theme reduced 1023:1029 arg1 content 1046:1052 a reduced overall Neu5Ac content 1021:1052 a reduced overall Neu5Ac content 1021:1052 NB was found dominated by species bearing short-chain oligosaccharide cores with a reduced overall Neu5Ac content. 27311552 8 11 theme MS 1399:1400 arg1 MS/MS 1403:1407 tandem MS (MS/MS) 1392:1408 tandem MS (MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation (CID) at low energies 1392:1467 Structural analysis of GM1(d18:1/18:2) and GD1(d18:0/19:0) possibly tumor-associated markers, carried out by tandem MS (MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation (CID) at low energies, indicated that both GM1a and GD1b isomers are present in NB. 27311552 4 12 theme compositions 926:937 arg1 heterogeneity 888:900 heterogeneity 888:900 heterogeneity of the glycan and lipid compositions 888:937 Under properly optimized conditions, MS profiling revealed information on at least 61 different gangliosides exhibiting heterogeneity of the glycan and lipid compositions. 27311552 8 13 theme GD1 1326:1328 arg1 analysis 1294:1301 Structural analysis 1283:1301 Structural analysis 1283:1301 Structural analysis of GM1(d18:1/18:2) and GD1(d18:0/19:0) possibly tumor-associated markers, carried out by tandem MS (MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation (CID) at low energies, indicated that both GM1a and GD1b isomers are present in NB. 27311552 2 14 theme modern 261:266 arg1 platform 268:275 a modern platform 259:275 a modern platform combining the superior sensitivity and reproducibility of fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution and mass accuracy provided by a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument 259:506 The analytical approach was based on a modern platform combining the superior sensitivity and reproducibility of fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution and mass accuracy provided by a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument. 27311552 6 15 theme GD2 1109:1111 arg1 role 1113:1116 the GD2 role 1105:1116 the GD2 role in NB 1105:1122 By chip-nanoESI MS, preceding findings related to the GD2 role in NB were confirmed. 27311552 4 16 from information 827:837 arg1 gangliosides 864:875 at least 61 different gangliosides 842:875 at least 61 different gangliosides exhibiting heterogeneity of the glycan and lipid compositions 842:937 Under properly optimized conditions, MS profiling revealed information on at least 61 different gangliosides exhibiting heterogeneity of the glycan and lipid compositions. 27311552 3 17 from located 712:718 arg1 region 737:742 the abdominal region 723:742 the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant 723:765 The feasibility of the method for the analysis of gangliosides, which are much less expressed in extracranial tissues, was here tested using as the model substrate an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen located in the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant. 27311552 6 18 theme preceding 1075:1083 arg1 findings 1085:1092 preceding findings 1075:1092 preceding findings related to the GD2 role in NB 1075:1122 By chip-nanoESI MS, preceding findings related to the GD2 role in NB were confirmed. 27311552 7 19 theme novel 1184:1188 arg1 information 1190:1200 novel information 1184:1200 novel information supporting the possible biomarker role of GM4, GM3, and GM1 ganglioside classes 1184:1280 Moreover, the screening experiments offered novel information supporting the possible biomarker role of GM4, GM3, and GM1 ganglioside classes. 27311552 2 20 theme time-of-flight 475:488 arg1 instrument 497:506 a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument 455:506 a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument 455:506 The analytical approach was based on a modern platform combining the superior sensitivity and reproducibility of fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution and mass accuracy provided by a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument. 27311552 3 21 theme method 532:537 arg1 feasibility 513:523 The feasibility 509:523 The feasibility 509:523 The feasibility of the method for the analysis of gangliosides, which are much less expressed in extracranial tissues, was here tested using as the model substrate an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen located in the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant. 27311552 7 22 theme screening 1154:1162 arg1 experiments 1164:1174 the screening experiments 1150:1174 the screening experiments 1150:1174 Moreover, the screening experiments offered novel information supporting the possible biomarker role of GM4, GM3, and GM1 ganglioside classes. 27311552 7 23 theme possible 1217:1224 arg1 role 1236:1239 the possible biomarker role 1213:1239 the possible biomarker role of GM4, GM3, and GM1 ganglioside classes 1213:1280 Moreover, the screening experiments offered novel information supporting the possible biomarker role of GM4, GM3, and GM1 ganglioside classes. 27311552 5 24 theme oligosaccharide 994:1008 arg1 cores 1010:1014 short-chain oligosaccharide cores 982:1014 short-chain oligosaccharide cores with a reduced overall Neu5Ac content 982:1052 NB was found dominated by species bearing short-chain oligosaccharide cores with a reduced overall Neu5Ac content. 27311552 3 25 theme gangliosides 559:570 arg1 analysis 547:554 the analysis 543:554 the analysis of gangliosides 543:570 The feasibility of the method for the analysis of gangliosides, which are much less expressed in extracranial tissues, was here tested using as the model substrate an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen located in the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant. 27311552 0 26 theme Mass 0:3 arg1 spectrometry 5:16 Mass spectrometry 0:16 Mass spectrometry of gangliosides in extracranial tumors: Application to adrenal neuroblastoma. 0:94 Mass spectrometry of gangliosides in extracranial tumors: Application to adrenal neuroblastoma. 27311552 8 27 from present 1516:1522 arg1 NB 1527:1528 NB 1527:1528 NB 1527:1528 Structural analysis of GM1(d18:1/18:2) and GD1(d18:0/19:0) possibly tumor-associated markers, carried out by tandem MS (MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation (CID) at low energies, indicated that both GM1a and GD1b isomers are present in NB. 27311552 2 28 theme superior 291:298 arg1 sensitivity 300:310 superior sensitivity 291:310 superior sensitivity 291:310 The analytical approach was based on a modern platform combining the superior sensitivity and reproducibility of fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution and mass accuracy provided by a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument. 27311552 6 29 theme chip-nanoESI 1058:1069 arg1 MS 1071:1072 chip-nanoESI MS 1058:1072 chip-nanoESI MS 1058:1072 By chip-nanoESI MS, preceding findings related to the GD2 role in NB were confirmed. 27311552 0 30 theme gangliosides 21:32 arg1 spectrometry 5:16 Mass spectrometry 0:16 Mass spectrometry of gangliosides in extracranial tumors: Application to adrenal neuroblastoma. 0:94 Mass spectrometry of gangliosides in extracranial tumors: Application to adrenal neuroblastoma. 27311552 3 31 theme abdominal 727:735 arg1 region 737:742 the abdominal region 723:742 the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant 723:765 The feasibility of the method for the analysis of gangliosides, which are much less expressed in extracranial tissues, was here tested using as the model substrate an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen located in the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant. 27311552 4 32 theme glycan 909:914 arg1 compositions 926:937 the glycan and lipid compositions 905:937 compositions 926:937 Under properly optimized conditions, MS profiling revealed information on at least 61 different gangliosides exhibiting heterogeneity of the glycan and lipid compositions. 27311552 5 33 theme overall 1031:1037 arg1 content 1046:1052 a reduced overall Neu5Ac content 1021:1052 a reduced overall Neu5Ac content 1021:1052 NB was found dominated by species bearing short-chain oligosaccharide cores with a reduced overall Neu5Ac content. 27311552 8 34 theme tumor-associated 1351:1366 arg1 markers 1368:1374 possibly tumor-associated markers 1342:1374 possibly tumor-associated markers 1342:1374 Structural analysis of GM1(d18:1/18:2) and GD1(d18:0/19:0) possibly tumor-associated markers, carried out by tandem MS (MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation (CID) at low energies, indicated that both GM1a and GD1b isomers are present in NB. 27311552 8 35 theme low 1456:1458 arg1 energies 1460:1467 low energies 1456:1467 low energies 1456:1467 Structural analysis of GM1(d18:1/18:2) and GD1(d18:0/19:0) possibly tumor-associated markers, carried out by tandem MS (MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation (CID) at low energies, indicated that both GM1a and GD1b isomers are present in NB. 27311552 1 36 theme native 174:179 arg1 gangliosides 181:192 native gangliosides 174:192 native gangliosides 174:192 We report here on the introduction of mass spectrometry (MS) for profiling of native gangliosides from an extracranial tumor. 27311552 2 37 theme mass 429:432 arg1 accuracy 434:441 mass accuracy 429:441 mass accuracy 429:441 The analytical approach was based on a modern platform combining the superior sensitivity and reproducibility of fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution and mass accuracy provided by a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument. 27311552 3 38 theme located 712:718 arg1 substrate 663:671 the model substrate 653:671 the model substrate 653:671 The feasibility of the method for the analysis of gangliosides, which are much less expressed in extracranial tissues, was here tested using as the model substrate an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen located in the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant. 27311552 3 38 theme located 712:718 arg1 specimen 703:710 an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen 673:710 an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen located in the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant 673:765 The feasibility of the method for the analysis of gangliosides, which are much less expressed in extracranial tissues, was here tested using as the model substrate an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen located in the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant. 27311552 7 39 theme GM4 1244:1246 arg1 classes 1274:1280 GM4, GM3, and GM1 ganglioside classes 1244:1280 GM4, GM3, and GM1 ganglioside classes 1244:1280 Moreover, the screening experiments offered novel information supporting the possible biomarker role of GM4, GM3, and GM1 ganglioside classes. 27311552 1 40 theme gangliosides 181:192 arg1 profiling 161:169 profiling 161:169 profiling of native gangliosides from an extracranial tumor 161:219 We report here on the introduction of mass spectrometry (MS) for profiling of native gangliosides from an extracranial tumor. 27311552 0 41 theme extracranial 37:48 arg1 tumors 50:55 extracranial tumors 37:55 extracranial tumors 37:55 Mass spectrometry of gangliosides in extracranial tumors: Application to adrenal neuroblastoma. 27311552 4 42 theme lipid 920:924 arg1 compositions 926:937 the glycan and lipid compositions 905:937 compositions 926:937 Under properly optimized conditions, MS profiling revealed information on at least 61 different gangliosides exhibiting heterogeneity of the glycan and lipid compositions. 27311552 7 43 theme classes 1274:1280 arg1 role 1236:1239 the possible biomarker role 1213:1239 the possible biomarker role of GM4, GM3, and GM1 ganglioside classes 1213:1280 Moreover, the screening experiments offered novel information supporting the possible biomarker role of GM4, GM3, and GM1 ganglioside classes. 27311552 8 44 theme GM1 1306:1308 arg1 analysis 1294:1301 Structural analysis 1283:1301 Structural analysis 1283:1301 Structural analysis of GM1(d18:1/18:2) and GD1(d18:0/19:0) possibly tumor-associated markers, carried out by tandem MS (MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation (CID) at low energies, indicated that both GM1a and GD1b isomers are present in NB. 27311552 2 45 theme high 409:412 arg1 resolution 414:423 the high resolution 405:423 the high resolution 405:423 The analytical approach was based on a modern platform combining the superior sensitivity and reproducibility of fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution and mass accuracy provided by a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument. 27311552 2 46 theme quadrupole 464:473 arg1 instrument 497:506 a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument 455:506 a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument 455:506 The analytical approach was based on a modern platform combining the superior sensitivity and reproducibility of fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution and mass accuracy provided by a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument. 27311552 8 47 theme collision-induced 1416:1432 arg1 CID 1448:1450 CID 1448:1450 CID 1448:1450 Structural analysis of GM1(d18:1/18:2) and GD1(d18:0/19:0) possibly tumor-associated markers, carried out by tandem MS (MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation (CID) at low energies, indicated that both GM1a and GD1b isomers are present in NB. 27311552 8 47 theme collision-induced 1416:1432 arg1 dissociation 1434:1445 collision-induced dissociation 1416:1445 collision-induced dissociation (CID) 1416:1451 Structural analysis of GM1(d18:1/18:2) and GD1(d18:0/19:0) possibly tumor-associated markers, carried out by tandem MS (MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation (CID) at low energies, indicated that both GM1a and GD1b isomers are present in NB. 27311552 4 48 theme optimized 783:791 arg1 conditions 793:802 properly optimized conditions 774:802 properly optimized conditions 774:802 Under properly optimized conditions, MS profiling revealed information on at least 61 different gangliosides exhibiting heterogeneity of the glycan and lipid compositions. 27311552 6 49 from role 1113:1116 arg1 NB 1121:1122 NB 1121:1122 NB 1121:1122 By chip-nanoESI MS, preceding findings related to the GD2 role in NB were confirmed. 27311552 8 50 theme Structural 1283:1292 arg1 analysis 1294:1301 Structural analysis 1283:1301 Structural analysis 1283:1301 Structural analysis of GM1(d18:1/18:2) and GD1(d18:0/19:0) possibly tumor-associated markers, carried out by tandem MS (MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation (CID) at low energies, indicated that both GM1a and GD1b isomers are present in NB. 27311552 2 51 theme hybrid 457:462 arg1 instrument 497:506 a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument 455:506 a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument 455:506 The analytical approach was based on a modern platform combining the superior sensitivity and reproducibility of fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution and mass accuracy provided by a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument. 27311552 3 52 theme 2-year-old 749:758 arg1 infant 760:765 a 2-year-old infant 747:765 a 2-year-old infant 747:765 The feasibility of the method for the analysis of gangliosides, which are much less expressed in extracranial tissues, was here tested using as the model substrate an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen located in the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant. 27311552 8 53 dep GM1 1306:1308 arg1 markers 1368:1374 possibly tumor-associated markers 1342:1374 possibly tumor-associated markers 1342:1374 Structural analysis of GM1(d18:1/18:2) and GD1(d18:0/19:0) possibly tumor-associated markers, carried out by tandem MS (MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation (CID) at low energies, indicated that both GM1a and GD1b isomers are present in NB. 27311552 4 54 theme MS 805:806 arg1 profiling 808:816 MS profiling 805:816 MS profiling 805:816 Under properly optimized conditions, MS profiling revealed information on at least 61 different gangliosides exhibiting heterogeneity of the glycan and lipid compositions. 27311552 8 55 located present 1516:1522 arg2 GM1a 1490:1493 GM1a 1490:1493 GM1a 1490:1493 Structural analysis of GM1(d18:1/18:2) and GD1(d18:0/19:0) possibly tumor-associated markers, carried out by tandem MS (MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation (CID) at low energies, indicated that both GM1a and GD1b isomers are present in NB. 27311552 8 55 located present 1516:1522 arg1 NB 1527:1528 NB 1527:1528 NB 1527:1528 Structural analysis of GM1(d18:1/18:2) and GD1(d18:0/19:0) possibly tumor-associated markers, carried out by tandem MS (MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation (CID) at low energies, indicated that both GM1a and GD1b isomers are present in NB. 27311552 8 55 located present 1516:1522 arg2 GD1b 1499:1502 GD1b 1499:1502 GD1b 1499:1502 Structural analysis of GM1(d18:1/18:2) and GD1(d18:0/19:0) possibly tumor-associated markers, carried out by tandem MS (MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation (CID) at low energies, indicated that both GM1a and GD1b isomers are present in NB. 27311552 7 56 theme GM1 1258:1260 arg1 ganglioside 1262:1272 GM1 ganglioside 1258:1272 GM1 ganglioside 1258:1272 Moreover, the screening experiments offered novel information supporting the possible biomarker role of GM4, GM3, and GM1 ganglioside classes. 27311552 7 57 theme biomarker 1226:1234 arg1 role 1236:1239 the possible biomarker role 1213:1239 the possible biomarker role of GM4, GM3, and GM1 ganglioside classes 1213:1280 Moreover, the screening experiments offered novel information supporting the possible biomarker role of GM4, GM3, and GM1 ganglioside classes. 27311552 5 58 theme Neu5Ac 1039:1044 arg1 content 1046:1052 a reduced overall Neu5Ac content 1021:1052 a reduced overall Neu5Ac content 1021:1052 NB was found dominated by species bearing short-chain oligosaccharide cores with a reduced overall Neu5Ac content. 27311552 3 59 theme model 657:661 arg1 substrate 663:671 the model substrate 653:671 the model substrate 653:671 The feasibility of the method for the analysis of gangliosides, which are much less expressed in extracranial tissues, was here tested using as the model substrate an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen located in the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant. 27311552 3 59 theme model 657:661 arg1 specimen 703:710 an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen 673:710 an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen located in the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant 673:765 The feasibility of the method for the analysis of gangliosides, which are much less expressed in extracranial tissues, was here tested using as the model substrate an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen located in the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant. 27311552 7 60 theme ganglioside 1262:1272 arg1 classes 1274:1280 GM4, GM3, and GM1 ganglioside classes 1244:1280 GM4, GM3, and GM1 ganglioside classes 1244:1280 Moreover, the screening experiments offered novel information supporting the possible biomarker role of GM4, GM3, and GM1 ganglioside classes. 27311552 8 61 theme tandem 1392:1397 arg1 MS/MS 1403:1407 tandem MS (MS/MS) 1392:1408 tandem MS (MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation (CID) at low energies 1392:1467 Structural analysis of GM1(d18:1/18:2) and GD1(d18:0/19:0) possibly tumor-associated markers, carried out by tandem MS (MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation (CID) at low energies, indicated that both GM1a and GD1b isomers are present in NB. 27311552 7 62 theme GM3 1249:1251 arg1 classes 1274:1280 GM4, GM3, and GM1 ganglioside classes 1244:1280 GM4, GM3, and GM1 ganglioside classes 1244:1280 Moreover, the screening experiments offered novel information supporting the possible biomarker role of GM4, GM3, and GM1 ganglioside classes. 27311552 1 63 theme mass 134:137 arg1 spectrometry 139:150 mass spectrometry 134:150 mass spectrometry (MS) 134:155 We report here on the introduction of mass spectrometry (MS) for profiling of native gangliosides from an extracranial tumor. 27311552 1 63 theme mass 134:137 arg1 MS 153:154 MS 153:154 MS 153:154 We report here on the introduction of mass spectrometry (MS) for profiling of native gangliosides from an extracranial tumor. 27311552 3 64 theme extracranial 606:617 arg1 tissues 619:625 extracranial tissues 606:625 extracranial tissues 606:625 The feasibility of the method for the analysis of gangliosides, which are much less expressed in extracranial tissues, was here tested using as the model substrate an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen located in the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant. 27311552 2 65 dep sensitivity 300:310 arg1 the 287:289 the 287:289 the 287:289 The analytical approach was based on a modern platform combining the superior sensitivity and reproducibility of fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution and mass accuracy provided by a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument. 27311552 8 66 dep GM1a 1490:1493 arg1 isomers 1504:1510 isomers 1504:1510 isomers 1504:1510 Structural analysis of GM1(d18:1/18:2) and GD1(d18:0/19:0) possibly tumor-associated markers, carried out by tandem MS (MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation (CID) at low energies, indicated that both GM1a and GD1b isomers are present in NB. 27311552 1 67 theme extracranial 202:213 arg1 tumor 215:219 an extracranial tumor 199:219 an extracranial tumor 199:219 We report here on the introduction of mass spectrometry (MS) for profiling of native gangliosides from an extracranial tumor. 27311552 1 68 from tumor 215:219 arg1 profiling 161:169 profiling 161:169 profiling of native gangliosides from an extracranial tumor 161:219 We report here on the introduction of mass spectrometry (MS) for profiling of native gangliosides from an extracranial tumor. 27311552 2 69 with ionization 379:388 arg1 resolution 414:423 the high resolution 405:423 the high resolution 405:423 The analytical approach was based on a modern platform combining the superior sensitivity and reproducibility of fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution and mass accuracy provided by a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument. 27311552 5 70 theme short-chain 982:992 arg1 cores 1010:1014 short-chain oligosaccharide cores 982:1014 short-chain oligosaccharide cores with a reduced overall Neu5Ac content 982:1052 NB was found dominated by species bearing short-chain oligosaccharide cores with a reduced overall Neu5Ac content. 27311552 8 71 attach present 1516:1522 arg2 GM1a 1490:1493 GM1a 1490:1493 GM1a 1490:1493 Structural analysis of GM1(d18:1/18:2) and GD1(d18:0/19:0) possibly tumor-associated markers, carried out by tandem MS (MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation (CID) at low energies, indicated that both GM1a and GD1b isomers are present in NB. 27311552 8 71 attach present 1516:1522 arg1 NB 1527:1528 NB 1527:1528 NB 1527:1528 Structural analysis of GM1(d18:1/18:2) and GD1(d18:0/19:0) possibly tumor-associated markers, carried out by tandem MS (MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation (CID) at low energies, indicated that both GM1a and GD1b isomers are present in NB. 27311552 8 71 attach present 1516:1522 arg2 GD1b 1499:1502 GD1b 1499:1502 GD1b 1499:1502 Structural analysis of GM1(d18:1/18:2) and GD1(d18:0/19:0) possibly tumor-associated markers, carried out by tandem MS (MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation (CID) at low energies, indicated that both GM1a and GD1b isomers are present in NB. 27311552 1 72 theme spectrometry 139:150 arg1 introduction 118:129 the introduction 114:129 the introduction of mass spectrometry (MS) for profiling of native gangliosides from an extracranial tumor 114:219 We report here on the introduction of mass spectrometry (MS) for profiling of native gangliosides from an extracranial tumor. 27311552 5 73 dep found 947:951 arg1 dominated 953:961 dominated 953:961 dominated by species bearing short-chain oligosaccharide cores with a reduced overall Neu5Ac content 953:1052 NB was found dominated by species bearing short-chain oligosaccharide cores with a reduced overall Neu5Ac content. 27311552 4 74 gly heterogeneity 888:900 arg1 compositions 926:937 the glycan and lipid compositions 905:937 compositions 926:937 Under properly optimized conditions, MS profiling revealed information on at least 61 different gangliosides exhibiting heterogeneity of the glycan and lipid compositions. 27311552 0 75 dep spectrometry 5:16 arg1 Application 58:68 Application 58:68 Mass spectrometry of gangliosides in extracranial tumors: Application to adrenal neuroblastoma. 0:94 Mass spectrometry of gangliosides in extracranial tumors: Application to adrenal neuroblastoma. 27311552 2 76 theme ionization 379:388 arg1 reproducibility 316:330 reproducibility 316:330 reproducibility 316:330 The analytical approach was based on a modern platform combining the superior sensitivity and reproducibility of fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution and mass accuracy provided by a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument. 27311552 2 76 theme ionization 379:388 arg1 accuracy 434:441 mass accuracy 429:441 mass accuracy 429:441 The analytical approach was based on a modern platform combining the superior sensitivity and reproducibility of fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution and mass accuracy provided by a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument. 27311552 2 76 theme ionization 379:388 arg1 sensitivity 300:310 superior sensitivity 291:310 superior sensitivity 291:310 The analytical approach was based on a modern platform combining the superior sensitivity and reproducibility of fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution and mass accuracy provided by a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument. 27311552 3 77 theme infant 760:765 arg1 region 737:742 the abdominal region 723:742 the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant 723:765 The feasibility of the method for the analysis of gangliosides, which are much less expressed in extracranial tissues, was here tested using as the model substrate an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen located in the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant. 27311552 5 78 with cores 1010:1014 arg1 content 1046:1052 a reduced overall Neu5Ac content 1021:1052 a reduced overall Neu5Ac content 1021:1052 NB was found dominated by species bearing short-chain oligosaccharide cores with a reduced overall Neu5Ac content. 27311552 3 79 theme adrenal 676:682 arg1 NB 699:700 NB 699:700 NB 699:700 The feasibility of the method for the analysis of gangliosides, which are much less expressed in extracranial tissues, was here tested using as the model substrate an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen located in the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant. 27311552 3 79 theme adrenal 676:682 arg1 neuroblastoma 684:696 adrenal neuroblastoma 676:696 an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen located in the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant 673:765 The feasibility of the method for the analysis of gangliosides, which are much less expressed in extracranial tissues, was here tested using as the model substrate an adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) specimen located in the abdominal region of a 2-year-old infant. 27311552 2 80 theme analytical 226:235 arg1 approach 237:244 The analytical approach 222:244 The analytical approach 222:244 The analytical approach was based on a modern platform combining the superior sensitivity and reproducibility of fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution and mass accuracy provided by a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument. 27311552 2 81 theme nanoelectrospray 362:377 arg1 nanoESI 391:397 nanoESI 391:397 nanoESI 391:397 The analytical approach was based on a modern platform combining the superior sensitivity and reproducibility of fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution and mass accuracy provided by a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument. 27311552 2 81 theme nanoelectrospray 362:377 arg1 ionization 379:388 fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization 335:388 fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution 335:423 The analytical approach was based on a modern platform combining the superior sensitivity and reproducibility of fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) with the high resolution and mass accuracy provided by a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument. 24920335 0 0 theme cellulose 84:92 arg1 biosynthesis 94:105 cellulose biosynthesis 84:105 cellulose biosynthesis 84:105 Deficient sucrose synthase activity in developing wood does not specifically affect cellulose biosynthesis, but causes an overall decrease in cell wall polymers. 24920335 1 1 theme source 294:299 arg1 tissues 301:307 source tissues 294:307 source tissues 294:307 The biosynthesis of wood in aspen (Populus) depends on the metabolism of sucrose, which is the main transported form of carbon from source tissues. 24920335 1 2 from biosynthesis 166:177 arg1 aspen 190:194 aspen 190:194 aspen (Populus) 190:204 The biosynthesis of wood in aspen (Populus) depends on the metabolism of sucrose, which is the main transported form of carbon from source tissues. 24920335 1 2 from biosynthesis 166:177 arg1 Populus 197:203 Populus 197:203 Populus 197:203 The biosynthesis of wood in aspen (Populus) depends on the metabolism of sucrose, which is the main transported form of carbon from source tissues. 24920335 2 3 theme largest 314:320 arg1 fraction 322:329 The largest fraction 310:329 The largest fraction of the wood biomass 310:349 The largest fraction of the wood biomass is cellulose, which is synthesized from UDP-glucose. 24920335 2 3 theme largest 314:320 arg1 cellulose 354:362 cellulose 354:362 cellulose 354:362 The largest fraction of the wood biomass is cellulose, which is synthesized from UDP-glucose. 24920335 6 4 theme chemical 990:997 arg1 analysis 999:1006 Wet chemical analysis 986:1006 Wet chemical analysis 986:1006 Wet chemical analysis showed that the dry weight percentage composition of wood polymers was not changed significantly. 24920335 5 5 theme dramatic 736:743 arg1 phenotypes 752:761 No dramatic growth phenotypes 733:761 No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees 733:787 No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. 24920335 5 6 from wood 956:959 arg1 lines 979:983 the transgenic lines 964:983 the transgenic lines 964:983 No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. 24920335 6 7 theme Wet 986:988 arg1 analysis 999:1006 Wet chemical analysis 986:1006 Wet chemical analysis 986:1006 Wet chemical analysis showed that the dry weight percentage composition of wood polymers was not changed significantly. 24920335 5 8 from phenotypes 752:761 arg1 trees 783:787 glasshouse-grown trees 766:787 glasshouse-grown trees 766:787 No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. 24920335 3 9 theme synthase 492:499 arg1 complexes 501:509 cellulose synthase complexes 482:509 cellulose synthase complexes 482:509 Sucrose synthase (SUS) has been proposed previously to interact directly with cellulose synthase complexes and specifically supply UDP-glucose for cellulose biosynthesis. 24920335 1 10 theme sucrose 235:241 arg1 metabolism 221:230 the metabolism 217:230 the metabolism of sucrose, which is the main transported form of carbon from source tissues 217:307 The biosynthesis of wood in aspen (Populus) depends on the metabolism of sucrose, which is the main transported form of carbon from source tissues. 24920335 7 11 theme wood 1243:1246 arg1 volume 1248:1253 wood volume 1243:1253 wood volume 1243:1253 However, a decrease in wood density was observed and, consequently, the content of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose was decreased per wood volume. 24920335 1 12 from form 274:277 arg1 tissues 301:307 source tissues 294:307 source tissues 294:307 The biosynthesis of wood in aspen (Populus) depends on the metabolism of sucrose, which is the main transported form of carbon from source tissues. 24920335 4 13 theme hybrid 665:670 arg1 aspen 672:676 hybrid aspen 665:676 hybrid aspen 665:676 To investigate the role of SUS in wood biosynthesis, we characterized transgenic lines of hybrid aspen with strongly reduced SUS activity in developing wood. 24920335 7 14 theme hemicellulose 1197:1209 arg1 content 1178:1184 the content 1174:1184 the content of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose 1174:1223 However, a decrease in wood density was observed and, consequently, the content of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose was decreased per wood volume. 24920335 6 15 theme percentage 1035:1044 arg1 composition 1046:1056 the dry weight percentage composition 1020:1056 the dry weight percentage composition of wood polymers 1020:1073 Wet chemical analysis showed that the dry weight percentage composition of wood polymers was not changed significantly. 24920335 8 16 theme cell 1325:1328 arg1 walls 1330:1334 fibre cell walls 1319:1334 fibre cell walls 1319:1334 The decrease in density was explained by a looser structure of fibre cell walls as shown by increased wall shrinkage on drying. 24920335 6 17 theme wood 1061:1064 arg1 polymers 1066:1073 wood polymers 1061:1073 wood polymers 1061:1073 Wet chemical analysis showed that the dry weight percentage composition of wood polymers was not changed significantly. 24920335 8 18 theme looser 1299:1304 arg1 structure 1306:1314 a looser structure 1297:1314 a looser structure of fibre cell walls 1297:1334 The decrease in density was explained by a looser structure of fibre cell walls as shown by increased wall shrinkage on drying. 24920335 7 19 theme wood 1129:1132 arg1 density 1134:1140 wood density 1129:1140 wood density 1129:1140 However, a decrease in wood density was observed and, consequently, the content of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose was decreased per wood volume. 24920335 4 20 with lines 656:660 arg1 activity 704:711 strongly reduced SUS activity 683:711 strongly reduced SUS activity in developing wood 683:730 To investigate the role of SUS in wood biosynthesis, we characterized transgenic lines of hybrid aspen with strongly reduced SUS activity in developing wood. 24920335 5 21 theme growth 745:750 arg1 phenotypes 752:761 No dramatic growth phenotypes 733:761 No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees 733:787 No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. 24920335 3 22 theme cellulose 482:490 arg1 complexes 501:509 cellulose synthase complexes 482:509 cellulose synthase complexes 482:509 Sucrose synthase (SUS) has been proposed previously to interact directly with cellulose synthase complexes and specifically supply UDP-glucose for cellulose biosynthesis. 24920335 5 23 from lines 979:983 arg1 ultrastructure 934:947 ultrastructure 934:947 ultrastructure 934:947 No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. 24920335 5 23 from lines 979:983 arg1 chemistry 920:928 chemistry 920:928 chemistry 920:928 No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. 24920335 2 24 theme biomass 343:349 arg1 fraction 322:329 The largest fraction 310:329 The largest fraction of the wood biomass 310:349 The largest fraction of the wood biomass is cellulose, which is synthesized from UDP-glucose. 24920335 2 24 theme biomass 343:349 arg1 cellulose 354:362 cellulose 354:362 cellulose 354:362 The largest fraction of the wood biomass is cellulose, which is synthesized from UDP-glucose. 24920335 0 25 theme sucrose 10:16 arg1 activity 27:34 Deficient sucrose synthase activity 0:34 Deficient sucrose synthase activity in developing wood 0:53 Deficient sucrose synthase activity in developing wood does not specifically affect cellulose biosynthesis, but causes an overall decrease in cell wall polymers. 24920335 5 26 from chemistry 920:928 arg1 lines 979:983 the transgenic lines 964:983 the transgenic lines 964:983 No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. 24920335 4 27 dep reduced 692:698 arg1 SUS 700:702 SUS 700:702 SUS 700:702 To investigate the role of SUS in wood biosynthesis, we characterized transgenic lines of hybrid aspen with strongly reduced SUS activity in developing wood. 24920335 2 28 theme wood 338:341 arg1 biomass 343:349 the wood biomass 334:349 the wood biomass 334:349 The largest fraction of the wood biomass is cellulose, which is synthesized from UDP-glucose. 24920335 0 29 theme Deficient 0:8 arg1 activity 27:34 Deficient sucrose synthase activity 0:34 Deficient sucrose synthase activity in developing wood 0:53 Deficient sucrose synthase activity in developing wood does not specifically affect cellulose biosynthesis, but causes an overall decrease in cell wall polymers. 24920335 8 30 theme walls 1330:1334 arg1 structure 1306:1314 a looser structure 1297:1314 a looser structure of fibre cell walls 1297:1334 The decrease in density was explained by a looser structure of fibre cell walls as shown by increased wall shrinkage on drying. 24920335 1 31 theme wood 182:185 arg1 biosynthesis 166:177 The biosynthesis 162:177 The biosynthesis of wood in aspen (Populus) 162:204 The biosynthesis of wood in aspen (Populus) depends on the metabolism of sucrose, which is the main transported form of carbon from source tissues. 24920335 6 32 theme polymers 1066:1073 arg1 composition 1046:1056 the dry weight percentage composition 1020:1056 the dry weight percentage composition of wood polymers 1020:1073 Wet chemical analysis showed that the dry weight percentage composition of wood polymers was not changed significantly. 24920335 0 33 theme overall 122:128 arg1 decrease 130:137 an overall decrease 119:137 an overall decrease in cell wall polymers 119:159 Deficient sucrose synthase activity in developing wood does not specifically affect cellulose biosynthesis, but causes an overall decrease in cell wall polymers. 24920335 5 34 from changes 909:915 arg1 ultrastructure 934:947 ultrastructure 934:947 ultrastructure 934:947 No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. 24920335 5 34 from changes 909:915 arg1 chemistry 920:928 chemistry 920:928 chemistry 920:928 No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. 24920335 6 35 theme weight 1028:1033 arg1 composition 1046:1056 the dry weight percentage composition 1020:1056 the dry weight percentage composition of wood polymers 1020:1073 Wet chemical analysis showed that the dry weight percentage composition of wood polymers was not changed significantly. 24920335 8 36 theme wall 1358:1361 arg1 shrinkage 1363:1371 increased wall shrinkage 1348:1371 increased wall shrinkage on drying 1348:1381 The decrease in density was explained by a looser structure of fibre cell walls as shown by increased wall shrinkage on drying. 24920335 4 37 theme SUS 602:604 arg1 role 594:597 the role 590:597 the role of SUS in wood biosynthesis 590:625 To investigate the role of SUS in wood biosynthesis, we characterized transgenic lines of hybrid aspen with strongly reduced SUS activity in developing wood. 24920335 0 38 theme synthase 18:25 arg1 activity 27:34 Deficient sucrose synthase activity 0:34 Deficient sucrose synthase activity in developing wood 0:53 Deficient sucrose synthase activity in developing wood does not specifically affect cellulose biosynthesis, but causes an overall decrease in cell wall polymers. 24920335 9 39 theme carbon 1494:1499 arg1 incorporation 1501:1513 the total carbon incorporation 1484:1513 the total carbon incorporation to wood cell walls 1484:1532 The results show that SUS is not essential for cellulose biosynthesis, but plays a role in defining the total carbon incorporation to wood cell walls. 24920335 9 40 theme wood 1518:1521 arg1 walls 1528:1532 wood cell walls 1518:1532 wood cell walls 1518:1532 The results show that SUS is not essential for cellulose biosynthesis, but plays a role in defining the total carbon incorporation to wood cell walls. 24920335 5 41 theme chemical 808:815 arg1 fingerprinting 817:830 chemical fingerprinting 808:830 chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, 808:892 No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. 24920335 1 42 from tissues 301:307 arg1 form 274:277 the main transported form 253:277 the main transported form of carbon from source tissues 253:307 The biosynthesis of wood in aspen (Populus) depends on the metabolism of sucrose, which is the main transported form of carbon from source tissues. 24920335 1 42 from tissues 301:307 arg1 sucrose 235:241 sucrose 235:241 sucrose 235:241 The biosynthesis of wood in aspen (Populus) depends on the metabolism of sucrose, which is the main transported form of carbon from source tissues. 24920335 1 42 from tissues 301:307 arg1 carbon 282:287 carbon 282:287 carbon from source tissues 282:307 The biosynthesis of wood in aspen (Populus) depends on the metabolism of sucrose, which is the main transported form of carbon from source tissues. 24920335 1 43 theme main 257:260 arg1 form 274:277 the main transported form 253:277 the main transported form of carbon from source tissues 253:307 The biosynthesis of wood in aspen (Populus) depends on the metabolism of sucrose, which is the main transported form of carbon from source tissues. 24920335 1 43 theme main 257:260 arg1 sucrose 235:241 sucrose 235:241 sucrose 235:241 The biosynthesis of wood in aspen (Populus) depends on the metabolism of sucrose, which is the main transported form of carbon from source tissues. 24920335 4 44 theme wood 609:612 arg1 biosynthesis 614:625 wood biosynthesis 609:625 wood biosynthesis 609:625 To investigate the role of SUS in wood biosynthesis, we characterized transgenic lines of hybrid aspen with strongly reduced SUS activity in developing wood. 24920335 5 45 dep together 854:861 arg1 with 863:866 with 863:866 with 863:866 No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. 24920335 8 46 from shrinkage 1363:1371 arg1 drying 1376:1381 drying 1376:1381 drying 1376:1381 The decrease in density was explained by a looser structure of fibre cell walls as shown by increased wall shrinkage on drying. 24920335 3 47 theme Sucrose 404:410 arg1 synthase 412:419 Sucrose synthase 404:419 Sucrose synthase (SUS) 404:425 Sucrose synthase (SUS) has been proposed previously to interact directly with cellulose synthase complexes and specifically supply UDP-glucose for cellulose biosynthesis. 24920335 3 47 theme Sucrose 404:410 arg1 SUS 422:424 SUS 422:424 SUS 422:424 Sucrose synthase (SUS) has been proposed previously to interact directly with cellulose synthase complexes and specifically supply UDP-glucose for cellulose biosynthesis. 24920335 7 48 theme lignin 1189:1194 arg1 content 1178:1184 the content 1174:1184 the content of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose 1174:1223 However, a decrease in wood density was observed and, consequently, the content of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose was decreased per wood volume. 24920335 1 49 theme transported 262:272 arg1 form 274:277 the main transported form 253:277 the main transported form of carbon from source tissues 253:307 The biosynthesis of wood in aspen (Populus) depends on the metabolism of sucrose, which is the main transported form of carbon from source tissues. 24920335 1 49 theme transported 262:272 arg1 sucrose 235:241 sucrose 235:241 sucrose 235:241 The biosynthesis of wood in aspen (Populus) depends on the metabolism of sucrose, which is the main transported form of carbon from source tissues. 24920335 8 50 theme increased 1348:1356 arg1 shrinkage 1363:1371 increased wall shrinkage 1348:1371 increased wall shrinkage on drying 1348:1381 The decrease in density was explained by a looser structure of fibre cell walls as shown by increased wall shrinkage on drying. 24920335 6 51 theme dry 1024:1026 arg1 composition 1046:1056 the dry weight percentage composition 1020:1056 the dry weight percentage composition of wood polymers 1020:1073 Wet chemical analysis showed that the dry weight percentage composition of wood polymers was not changed significantly. 24920335 8 52 from decrease 1260:1267 arg1 density 1272:1278 density 1272:1278 density 1272:1278 The decrease in density was explained by a looser structure of fibre cell walls as shown by increased wall shrinkage on drying. 24920335 0 53 theme wall 147:150 arg1 polymers 152:159 cell wall polymers 142:159 cell wall polymers 142:159 Deficient sucrose synthase activity in developing wood does not specifically affect cellulose biosynthesis, but causes an overall decrease in cell wall polymers. 24920335 7 54 from decrease 1117:1124 arg1 density 1134:1140 wood density 1129:1140 wood density 1129:1140 However, a decrease in wood density was observed and, consequently, the content of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose was decreased per wood volume. 24920335 5 55 theme notable 901:907 arg1 changes 909:915 notable changes 901:915 notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines 901:983 No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. 24920335 5 56 theme glasshouse-grown 766:781 arg1 trees 783:787 glasshouse-grown trees 766:787 glasshouse-grown trees 766:787 No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. 24920335 0 57 theme cell 142:145 arg1 polymers 152:159 cell wall polymers 142:159 cell wall polymers 142:159 Deficient sucrose synthase activity in developing wood does not specifically affect cellulose biosynthesis, but causes an overall decrease in cell wall polymers. 24920335 5 58 with fingerprinting 817:830 arg1 analysis 884:891 micromechanical analysis 868:891 micromechanical analysis 868:891 No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. 24920335 5 58 with fingerprinting 817:830 arg1 pyrolysis-GC/MS 837:851 pyrolysis-GC/MS 837:851 pyrolysis-GC/MS 837:851 No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. 24920335 3 59 theme cellulose 551:559 arg1 biosynthesis 561:572 cellulose biosynthesis 551:572 cellulose biosynthesis 551:572 Sucrose synthase (SUS) has been proposed previously to interact directly with cellulose synthase complexes and specifically supply UDP-glucose for cellulose biosynthesis. 24920335 4 60 theme aspen 672:676 arg1 lines 656:660 transgenic lines 645:660 transgenic lines of hybrid aspen with strongly reduced SUS activity in developing wood 645:730 To investigate the role of SUS in wood biosynthesis, we characterized transgenic lines of hybrid aspen with strongly reduced SUS activity in developing wood. 24920335 1 61 theme carbon 282:287 arg1 form 274:277 the main transported form 253:277 the main transported form of carbon from source tissues 253:307 The biosynthesis of wood in aspen (Populus) depends on the metabolism of sucrose, which is the main transported form of carbon from source tissues. 24920335 1 61 theme carbon 282:287 arg1 sucrose 235:241 sucrose 235:241 sucrose 235:241 The biosynthesis of wood in aspen (Populus) depends on the metabolism of sucrose, which is the main transported form of carbon from source tissues. 24920335 4 62 theme reduced 692:698 arg1 activity 704:711 strongly reduced SUS activity 683:711 strongly reduced SUS activity in developing wood 683:730 To investigate the role of SUS in wood biosynthesis, we characterized transgenic lines of hybrid aspen with strongly reduced SUS activity in developing wood. 24920335 8 63 theme fibre 1319:1323 arg1 walls 1330:1334 fibre cell walls 1319:1334 fibre cell walls 1319:1334 The decrease in density was explained by a looser structure of fibre cell walls as shown by increased wall shrinkage on drying. 24920335 5 64 theme transgenic 968:977 arg1 lines 979:983 the transgenic lines 964:983 the transgenic lines 964:983 No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. 24920335 5 65 theme wood 956:959 arg1 ultrastructure 934:947 ultrastructure 934:947 ultrastructure 934:947 No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. 24920335 5 65 theme wood 956:959 arg1 chemistry 920:928 chemistry 920:928 chemistry 920:928 No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. 24920335 0 66 from decrease 130:137 arg1 polymers 152:159 cell wall polymers 142:159 cell wall polymers 142:159 Deficient sucrose synthase activity in developing wood does not specifically affect cellulose biosynthesis, but causes an overall decrease in cell wall polymers. 24920335 4 67 from role 594:597 arg1 biosynthesis 614:625 wood biosynthesis 609:625 wood biosynthesis 609:625 To investigate the role of SUS in wood biosynthesis, we characterized transgenic lines of hybrid aspen with strongly reduced SUS activity in developing wood. 24920335 9 68 theme cellulose 1431:1439 arg1 biosynthesis 1441:1452 cellulose biosynthesis 1431:1452 cellulose biosynthesis 1431:1452 The results show that SUS is not essential for cellulose biosynthesis, but plays a role in defining the total carbon incorporation to wood cell walls. 24920335 5 69 theme micromechanical 868:882 arg1 analysis 884:891 micromechanical analysis 868:891 micromechanical analysis 868:891 No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. 24920335 5 70 from ultrastructure 934:947 arg1 lines 979:983 the transgenic lines 964:983 the transgenic lines 964:983 No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. 24920335 9 71 theme total 1488:1492 arg1 incorporation 1501:1513 the total carbon incorporation 1484:1513 the total carbon incorporation to wood cell walls 1484:1532 The results show that SUS is not essential for cellulose biosynthesis, but plays a role in defining the total carbon incorporation to wood cell walls. 24920335 9 72 theme cell 1523:1526 arg1 walls 1528:1532 wood cell walls 1518:1532 wood cell walls 1518:1532 The results show that SUS is not essential for cellulose biosynthesis, but plays a role in defining the total carbon incorporation to wood cell walls. 24920335 4 73 theme transgenic 645:654 arg1 lines 656:660 transgenic lines 645:660 transgenic lines of hybrid aspen with strongly reduced SUS activity in developing wood 645:730 To investigate the role of SUS in wood biosynthesis, we characterized transgenic lines of hybrid aspen with strongly reduced SUS activity in developing wood. 24920335 7 74 theme cellulose 1215:1223 arg1 content 1178:1184 the content 1174:1184 the content of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose 1174:1223 However, a decrease in wood density was observed and, consequently, the content of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose was decreased per wood volume. 24833281 0 0 theme cell 93:96 arg1 wall 98:101 the cell wall 89:101 the cell wall of Bacillus anthracis 89:123 N-acetylglucosamine deacetylases modulate the anchoring of the gamma-glutamyl capsule to the cell wall of Bacillus anthracis. 24833281 9 1 from targets 1250:1256 arg1 anthracis 1264:1272 B. anthracis 1261:1272 B. anthracis 1261:1272 Thus, these multiple N-deactylase activities would constitute excellent drug targets in B. anthracis by simultaneously affecting its resistance to lysozyme and to phagocytosis impairing B. anthracis survival in the host. 24833281 1 2 theme cell 159:162 arg1 structure 169:177 a complex cell wall structure 149:177 a complex cell wall structure composed of a peptidoglycan (PG) layer to which major structures are anchored such as a neutral polysaccharide, an S-layer, and a poly-γ-D-glutamate (PDGA) capsule 149:341 Bacillus anthracis has a complex cell wall structure composed of a peptidoglycan (PG) layer to which major structures are anchored such as a neutral polysaccharide, an S-layer, and a poly-γ-D-glutamate (PDGA) capsule. 24833281 1 3 theme poly-γ-D-glutamate 309:326 arg1 capsule 335:341 a poly-γ-D-glutamate (PDGA) capsule 307:341 a poly-γ-D-glutamate (PDGA) capsule 307:341 Bacillus anthracis has a complex cell wall structure composed of a peptidoglycan (PG) layer to which major structures are anchored such as a neutral polysaccharide, an S-layer, and a poly-γ-D-glutamate (PDGA) capsule. 24833281 7 4 theme complex 978:984 arg1 analysis 954:961 NMR analysis 950:961 NMR analysis of the PG-PDGA complex 950:984 Using NMR analysis of the PG-PDGA complex, we provide evidence for the anchoring of the PDGA to the glucosamine residues. 24833281 1 5 theme wall 164:167 arg1 structure 169:177 a complex cell wall structure 149:177 a complex cell wall structure composed of a peptidoglycan (PG) layer to which major structures are anchored such as a neutral polysaccharide, an S-layer, and a poly-γ-D-glutamate (PDGA) capsule 149:341 Bacillus anthracis has a complex cell wall structure composed of a peptidoglycan (PG) layer to which major structures are anchored such as a neutral polysaccharide, an S-layer, and a poly-γ-D-glutamate (PDGA) capsule. 24833281 3 6 theme cell 578:581 arg1 components 588:597 these secondary cell wall components 562:597 these secondary cell wall components 562:597 However, little attention has been devoted to structurally study the PG and how it is modified in the presence of these secondary cell wall components. 24833281 5 7 theme GlcNAc 795:800 arg1 residues 802:809 its GlcNAc residues 791:809 its GlcNAc residues 791:809 We show that B. anthracis has a high degree of cross-linking and its GlcNAc residues are highly modified by N-deacetylation. 24833281 4 8 theme RPG1 665:668 arg1 strain 670:675 the encapsulated RPG1 strain 648:675 the encapsulated RPG1 strain harboring both pXO1 and pXO2 virulence plasmids 648:723 We present here the fine structure of the PG of the encapsulated RPG1 strain harboring both pXO1 and pXO2 virulence plasmids. 24833281 9 9 theme drug 1245:1248 arg1 targets 1250:1256 excellent drug targets 1235:1256 excellent drug targets in B. anthracis 1235:1272 Thus, these multiple N-deactylase activities would constitute excellent drug targets in B. anthracis by simultaneously affecting its resistance to lysozyme and to phagocytosis impairing B. anthracis survival in the host. 24833281 0 10 theme anthracis 115:123 arg1 wall 98:101 the cell wall 89:101 the cell wall of Bacillus anthracis 89:123 N-acetylglucosamine deacetylases modulate the anchoring of the gamma-glutamyl capsule to the cell wall of Bacillus anthracis. 24833281 9 11 theme B. 1359:1360 arg1 survival 1372:1379 B. anthracis survival 1359:1379 B. anthracis survival in the host 1359:1391 Thus, these multiple N-deactylase activities would constitute excellent drug targets in B. anthracis by simultaneously affecting its resistance to lysozyme and to phagocytosis impairing B. anthracis survival in the host. 24833281 2 12 theme structures 358:367 arg1 Many 344:347 Many 344:347 Many 344:347 Many of these structures have central roles in the biology of B. anthracis, particularly, in virulence. 24833281 2 12 theme structures 358:367 arg1 structures 358:367 these structures 352:367 these structures 352:367 Many of these structures have central roles in the biology of B. anthracis, particularly, in virulence. 24833281 2 13 theme B. 406:407 arg1 biology 395:401 the biology 391:401 the biology of B. anthracis, particularly, in virulence 391:445 Many of these structures have central roles in the biology of B. anthracis, particularly, in virulence. 24833281 9 14 theme multiple 1185:1192 arg1 activities 1207:1216 these multiple N-deactylase activities 1179:1216 these multiple N-deactylase activities 1179:1216 Thus, these multiple N-deactylase activities would constitute excellent drug targets in B. anthracis by simultaneously affecting its resistance to lysozyme and to phagocytosis impairing B. anthracis survival in the host. 24833281 2 15 dep B. 406:407 arg1 anthracis 409:417 B. anthracis 406:417 B. anthracis 406:417 Many of these structures have central roles in the biology of B. anthracis, particularly, in virulence. 24833281 4 16 theme encapsulated 652:663 arg1 strain 670:675 the encapsulated RPG1 strain 648:675 the encapsulated RPG1 strain harboring both pXO1 and pXO2 virulence plasmids 648:723 We present here the fine structure of the PG of the encapsulated RPG1 strain harboring both pXO1 and pXO2 virulence plasmids. 24833281 7 17 theme NMR 950:952 arg1 analysis 954:961 NMR analysis 950:961 NMR analysis of the PG-PDGA complex 950:984 Using NMR analysis of the PG-PDGA complex, we provide evidence for the anchoring of the PDGA to the glucosamine residues. 24833281 5 18 theme cross-linking 773:785 arg1 degree 763:768 a high degree 756:768 a high degree of cross-linking 756:785 We show that B. anthracis has a high degree of cross-linking and its GlcNAc residues are highly modified by N-deacetylation. 24833281 0 19 theme N-acetylglucosamine 0:18 arg1 deacetylases 20:31 N-acetylglucosamine deacetylases 0:31 N-acetylglucosamine deacetylases 0:31 N-acetylglucosamine deacetylases modulate the anchoring of the gamma-glutamyl capsule to the cell wall of Bacillus anthracis. 24833281 9 20 theme N-deactylase 1194:1205 arg1 activities 1207:1216 these multiple N-deactylase activities 1179:1216 these multiple N-deactylase activities 1179:1216 Thus, these multiple N-deactylase activities would constitute excellent drug targets in B. anthracis by simultaneously affecting its resistance to lysozyme and to phagocytosis impairing B. anthracis survival in the host. 24833281 5 21 contain has 752:754 arg1 anthracis 742:750 B. anthracis 739:750 B. anthracis 739:750 We show that B. anthracis has a high degree of cross-linking and its GlcNAc residues are highly modified by N-deacetylation. 24833281 5 21 contain has 752:754 arg2 degree 763:768 a high degree 756:768 a high degree of cross-linking 756:785 We show that B. anthracis has a high degree of cross-linking and its GlcNAc residues are highly modified by N-deacetylation. 24833281 3 22 theme wall 583:586 arg1 components 588:597 these secondary cell wall components 562:597 these secondary cell wall components 562:597 However, little attention has been devoted to structurally study the PG and how it is modified in the presence of these secondary cell wall components. 24833281 4 23 theme strain 670:675 arg1 PG 642:643 the PG 638:643 the PG of the encapsulated RPG1 strain harboring both pXO1 and pXO2 virulence plasmids 638:723 We present here the fine structure of the PG of the encapsulated RPG1 strain harboring both pXO1 and pXO2 virulence plasmids. 24833281 1 24 theme peptidoglycan 193:205 arg1 layer 212:216 a peptidoglycan (PG) layer 191:216 a peptidoglycan (PG) layer to which major structures are anchored such as a neutral polysaccharide, an S-layer, and a poly-γ-D-glutamate (PDGA) capsule 191:341 Bacillus anthracis has a complex cell wall structure composed of a peptidoglycan (PG) layer to which major structures are anchored such as a neutral polysaccharide, an S-layer, and a poly-γ-D-glutamate (PDGA) capsule. 24833281 7 25 theme glucosamine 1044:1054 arg1 residues 1056:1063 the glucosamine residues 1040:1063 the glucosamine residues 1040:1063 Using NMR analysis of the PG-PDGA complex, we provide evidence for the anchoring of the PDGA to the glucosamine residues. 24833281 1 26 theme neutral 267:273 arg1 polysaccharide 275:288 a neutral polysaccharide 265:288 a neutral polysaccharide 265:288 Bacillus anthracis has a complex cell wall structure composed of a peptidoglycan (PG) layer to which major structures are anchored such as a neutral polysaccharide, an S-layer, and a poly-γ-D-glutamate (PDGA) capsule. 24833281 7 27 theme PG-PDGA 970:976 arg1 complex 978:984 the PG-PDGA complex 966:984 the PG-PDGA complex 966:984 Using NMR analysis of the PG-PDGA complex, we provide evidence for the anchoring of the PDGA to the glucosamine residues. 24833281 2 28 from virulence 437:445 arg1 biology 395:401 the biology 391:401 the biology of B. anthracis, particularly, in virulence 391:445 Many of these structures have central roles in the biology of B. anthracis, particularly, in virulence. 24833281 3 29 theme little 457:462 arg1 attention 464:472 little attention 457:472 little attention 457:472 However, little attention has been devoted to structurally study the PG and how it is modified in the presence of these secondary cell wall components. 24833281 8 30 theme PG 1128:1129 arg1 Ba3679 1165:1170 Ba3679 1165:1170 Ba3679 1165:1170 We show that anchoring of the PDGA capsule is impaired in two PG N-deacetylase mutants, Ba1961 and Ba3679. 24833281 8 30 theme PG 1128:1129 arg1 Ba1961 1154:1159 Ba1961 1154:1159 Ba1961 1154:1159 We show that anchoring of the PDGA capsule is impaired in two PG N-deacetylase mutants, Ba1961 and Ba3679. 24833281 8 30 theme PG 1128:1129 arg1 mutants 1145:1151 two PG N-deacetylase mutants 1124:1151 two PG N-deacetylase mutants 1124:1151 We show that anchoring of the PDGA capsule is impaired in two PG N-deacetylase mutants, Ba1961 and Ba3679. 24833281 7 31 theme PDGA 1032:1035 arg1 anchoring 1015:1023 the anchoring 1011:1023 the anchoring of the PDGA to the glucosamine residues 1011:1063 Using NMR analysis of the PG-PDGA complex, we provide evidence for the anchoring of the PDGA to the glucosamine residues. 24833281 1 32 theme PG 208:209 arg1 layer 212:216 a peptidoglycan (PG) layer 191:216 a peptidoglycan (PG) layer to which major structures are anchored such as a neutral polysaccharide, an S-layer, and a poly-γ-D-glutamate (PDGA) capsule 191:341 Bacillus anthracis has a complex cell wall structure composed of a peptidoglycan (PG) layer to which major structures are anchored such as a neutral polysaccharide, an S-layer, and a poly-γ-D-glutamate (PDGA) capsule. 24833281 2 33 theme central 374:380 arg1 roles 382:386 central roles 374:386 central roles 374:386 Many of these structures have central roles in the biology of B. anthracis, particularly, in virulence. 24833281 9 34 theme excellent 1235:1243 arg1 targets 1250:1256 excellent drug targets 1235:1256 excellent drug targets in B. anthracis 1235:1272 Thus, these multiple N-deactylase activities would constitute excellent drug targets in B. anthracis by simultaneously affecting its resistance to lysozyme and to phagocytosis impairing B. anthracis survival in the host. 24833281 5 35 theme high 758:761 arg1 degree 763:768 a high degree 756:768 a high degree of cross-linking 756:785 We show that B. anthracis has a high degree of cross-linking and its GlcNAc residues are highly modified by N-deacetylation. 24833281 0 36 theme gamma-glutamyl 63:76 arg1 capsule 78:84 the gamma-glutamyl capsule 59:84 the gamma-glutamyl capsule 59:84 N-acetylglucosamine deacetylases modulate the anchoring of the gamma-glutamyl capsule to the cell wall of Bacillus anthracis. 24833281 6 37 theme PG 855:856 arg1 composition 858:868 The PG composition 851:868 The PG composition 851:868 The PG composition is not dependent on the presence of either LPXTG proteins or the capsule. 24833281 6 37 theme PG 855:856 arg1 dependent 877:885 dependent 877:885 dependent 877:885 The PG composition is not dependent on the presence of either LPXTG proteins or the capsule. 24833281 3 38 theme secondary 568:576 arg1 components 588:597 these secondary cell wall components 562:597 these secondary cell wall components 562:597 However, little attention has been devoted to structurally study the PG and how it is modified in the presence of these secondary cell wall components. 24833281 9 39 from survival 1372:1379 arg1 host 1388:1391 the host 1384:1391 the host 1384:1391 Thus, these multiple N-deactylase activities would constitute excellent drug targets in B. anthracis by simultaneously affecting its resistance to lysozyme and to phagocytosis impairing B. anthracis survival in the host. 24833281 8 40 theme PDGA 1096:1099 arg1 capsule 1101:1107 the PDGA capsule 1092:1107 the PDGA capsule 1092:1107 We show that anchoring of the PDGA capsule is impaired in two PG N-deacetylase mutants, Ba1961 and Ba3679. 24833281 1 41 contain has 145:147 arg1 anthracis 135:143 Bacillus anthracis 126:143 Bacillus anthracis 126:143 Bacillus anthracis has a complex cell wall structure composed of a peptidoglycan (PG) layer to which major structures are anchored such as a neutral polysaccharide, an S-layer, and a poly-γ-D-glutamate (PDGA) capsule. 24833281 1 41 contain has 145:147 arg2 structure 169:177 a complex cell wall structure 149:177 a complex cell wall structure composed of a peptidoglycan (PG) layer to which major structures are anchored such as a neutral polysaccharide, an S-layer, and a poly-γ-D-glutamate (PDGA) capsule 149:341 Bacillus anthracis has a complex cell wall structure composed of a peptidoglycan (PG) layer to which major structures are anchored such as a neutral polysaccharide, an S-layer, and a poly-γ-D-glutamate (PDGA) capsule. 24833281 2 42 contain have 369:372 arg1 Many 344:347 Many 344:347 Many 344:347 Many of these structures have central roles in the biology of B. anthracis, particularly, in virulence. 24833281 2 42 contain have 369:372 arg2 roles 382:386 central roles 374:386 central roles 374:386 Many of these structures have central roles in the biology of B. anthracis, particularly, in virulence. 24833281 2 42 contain have 369:372 arg1 structures 358:367 these structures 352:367 these structures 352:367 Many of these structures have central roles in the biology of B. anthracis, particularly, in virulence. 24833281 9 43 dep B. 1359:1360 arg1 anthracis 1362:1370 anthracis 1362:1370 anthracis 1362:1370 Thus, these multiple N-deactylase activities would constitute excellent drug targets in B. anthracis by simultaneously affecting its resistance to lysozyme and to phagocytosis impairing B. anthracis survival in the host. 24833281 4 44 theme virulence 706:714 arg1 plasmids 716:723 both pXO1 and pXO2 virulence plasmids 687:723 plasmids 716:723 We present here the fine structure of the PG of the encapsulated RPG1 strain harboring both pXO1 and pXO2 virulence plasmids. 24833281 5 45 mod modified 822:829 arg1 residues 802:809 its GlcNAc residues 791:809 its GlcNAc residues 791:809 We show that B. anthracis has a high degree of cross-linking and its GlcNAc residues are highly modified by N-deacetylation. 24833281 5 45 mod modified 822:829 arg3 N-deacetylation 834:848 N-deacetylation 834:848 N-deacetylation 834:848 We show that B. anthracis has a high degree of cross-linking and its GlcNAc residues are highly modified by N-deacetylation. 24833281 4 46 theme fine 620:623 arg1 structure 625:633 the fine structure 616:633 the fine structure of the PG of the encapsulated RPG1 strain harboring both pXO1 and pXO2 virulence plasmids 616:723 We present here the fine structure of the PG of the encapsulated RPG1 strain harboring both pXO1 and pXO2 virulence plasmids. 24833281 3 47 theme components 588:597 arg1 presence 550:557 the presence 546:557 the presence of these secondary cell wall components 546:597 However, little attention has been devoted to structurally study the PG and how it is modified in the presence of these secondary cell wall components. 24833281 4 48 theme pXO2 701:704 arg1 plasmids 716:723 both pXO1 and pXO2 virulence plasmids 687:723 plasmids 716:723 We present here the fine structure of the PG of the encapsulated RPG1 strain harboring both pXO1 and pXO2 virulence plasmids. 24833281 4 49 theme PG 642:643 arg1 structure 625:633 the fine structure 616:633 the fine structure of the PG of the encapsulated RPG1 strain harboring both pXO1 and pXO2 virulence plasmids 616:723 We present here the fine structure of the PG of the encapsulated RPG1 strain harboring both pXO1 and pXO2 virulence plasmids. 24833281 8 50 theme capsule 1101:1107 arg1 anchoring 1079:1087 anchoring 1079:1087 anchoring of the PDGA capsule 1079:1107 We show that anchoring of the PDGA capsule is impaired in two PG N-deacetylase mutants, Ba1961 and Ba3679. 24833281 6 51 theme capsule 935:941 arg1 presence 894:901 the presence 890:901 the presence of either LPXTG proteins or the capsule 890:941 The PG composition is not dependent on the presence of either LPXTG proteins or the capsule. 24833281 8 52 theme N-deacetylase 1131:1143 arg1 Ba3679 1165:1170 Ba3679 1165:1170 Ba3679 1165:1170 We show that anchoring of the PDGA capsule is impaired in two PG N-deacetylase mutants, Ba1961 and Ba3679. 24833281 8 52 theme N-deacetylase 1131:1143 arg1 Ba1961 1154:1159 Ba1961 1154:1159 Ba1961 1154:1159 We show that anchoring of the PDGA capsule is impaired in two PG N-deacetylase mutants, Ba1961 and Ba3679. 24833281 8 52 theme N-deacetylase 1131:1143 arg1 mutants 1145:1151 two PG N-deacetylase mutants 1124:1151 two PG N-deacetylase mutants 1124:1151 We show that anchoring of the PDGA capsule is impaired in two PG N-deacetylase mutants, Ba1961 and Ba3679. 24833281 3 53 dep study 507:511 arg1 modified 534:541 modified 534:541 is modified in the presence of these secondary cell wall components 531:597 However, little attention has been devoted to structurally study the PG and how it is modified in the presence of these secondary cell wall components. 24833281 6 54 theme proteins 919:926 arg1 presence 894:901 the presence 890:901 the presence of either LPXTG proteins or the capsule 890:941 The PG composition is not dependent on the presence of either LPXTG proteins or the capsule. 24833281 0 55 theme capsule 78:84 arg1 anchoring 46:54 the anchoring 42:54 the anchoring of the gamma-glutamyl capsule to the cell wall of Bacillus anthracis 42:123 N-acetylglucosamine deacetylases modulate the anchoring of the gamma-glutamyl capsule to the cell wall of Bacillus anthracis. 24833281 2 56 from biology 395:401 arg1 virulence 437:445 virulence 437:445 virulence 437:445 Many of these structures have central roles in the biology of B. anthracis, particularly, in virulence. 24833281 6 57 theme LPXTG 913:917 arg1 proteins 919:926 LPXTG proteins 913:926 LPXTG proteins 913:926 The PG composition is not dependent on the presence of either LPXTG proteins or the capsule. 24833281 1 58 theme complex 151:157 arg1 structure 169:177 a complex cell wall structure 149:177 a complex cell wall structure composed of a peptidoglycan (PG) layer to which major structures are anchored such as a neutral polysaccharide, an S-layer, and a poly-γ-D-glutamate (PDGA) capsule 149:341 Bacillus anthracis has a complex cell wall structure composed of a peptidoglycan (PG) layer to which major structures are anchored such as a neutral polysaccharide, an S-layer, and a poly-γ-D-glutamate (PDGA) capsule. 24833281 1 59 theme major 227:231 arg1 structures 233:242 major structures 227:242 major structures 227:242 Bacillus anthracis has a complex cell wall structure composed of a peptidoglycan (PG) layer to which major structures are anchored such as a neutral polysaccharide, an S-layer, and a poly-γ-D-glutamate (PDGA) capsule. 25876520 6 0 theme autologous 1301:1310 arg1 ANGs 1326:1329 ANGs 1326:1329 ANGs 1326:1329 In vivo we studied the outcome of peripheral nerve regeneration after reconstruction of 15-mm nerve gaps with either chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides or autologous nerve grafts (ANGs). 25876520 6 0 theme autologous 1301:1310 arg1 grafts 1318:1323 autologous nerve grafts 1301:1323 autologous nerve grafts (ANGs) 1301:1330 In vivo we studied the outcome of peripheral nerve regeneration after reconstruction of 15-mm nerve gaps with either chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides or autologous nerve grafts (ANGs). 25876520 7 1 theme NVR-Gel 1440:1446 arg1 delivery 1428:1435 delivery 1428:1435 delivery of NVR-Gel into the chitosan nerve 1428:1470 While ANGs did guarantee for functional sensory and motor regeneration in 100% of the animals, delivery of NVR-Gel into the chitosan nerve guides obviously impaired sufficient axonal outgrowth. 25876520 1 2 theme sciatic 170:176 arg1 model 184:188 the rat sciatic nerve model 162:188 the rat sciatic nerve model 162:188 Critical length nerve defects in the rat sciatic nerve model were reconstructed with chitosan nerve guides filled with Schwann cells (SCs) containing hydrogel. 25876520 7 3 theme functional 1362:1371 arg1 sensory 1373:1379 functional sensory 1362:1379 functional sensory 1362:1379 While ANGs did guarantee for functional sensory and motor regeneration in 100% of the animals, delivery of NVR-Gel into the chitosan nerve guides obviously impaired sufficient axonal outgrowth. 25876520 3 4 theme outgrowth 686:694 arg1 bioactivity 706:716 their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity 672:716 their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures 672:811 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 4 5 theme hyaluronic 867:876 arg1 acid 878:881 hyaluronic acid 867:881 hyaluronic acid 867:881 SCs within NVR-hydrogel, which is mainly composed of hyaluronic acid and laminin, were delivered into the lumen of chitosan hollow conduits with a 5% degree of acetylation. 25876520 1 6 theme nerve 178:182 arg1 model 184:188 the rat sciatic nerve model 162:188 the rat sciatic nerve model 162:188 Critical length nerve defects in the rat sciatic nerve model were reconstructed with chitosan nerve guides filled with Schwann cells (SCs) containing hydrogel. 25876520 4 7 theme conduits 945:952 arg1 lumen 920:924 the lumen 916:924 the lumen of chitosan hollow conduits with a 5% degree of acetylation 916:984 SCs within NVR-hydrogel, which is mainly composed of hyaluronic acid and laminin, were delivered into the lumen of chitosan hollow conduits with a 5% degree of acetylation. 25876520 3 8 theme inductive 696:704 arg1 bioactivity 706:716 their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity 672:716 their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures 672:811 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 6 9 theme 15-mm 1225:1229 arg1 gaps 1237:1240 15-mm nerve gaps 1225:1240 15-mm nerve gaps with either chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides or autologous nerve grafts (ANGs) 1225:1330 In vivo we studied the outcome of peripheral nerve regeneration after reconstruction of 15-mm nerve gaps with either chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides or autologous nerve grafts (ANGs). 25876520 3 10 theme glial 563:567 arg1 GDNF 608:611 GDNF 608:611 GDNF 608:611 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 3 10 theme glial 563:567 arg1 factor 600:605 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor 563:605 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) 563:612 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 3 11 theme neurotrophic 587:598 arg1 GDNF 608:611 GDNF 608:611 GDNF 608:611 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 3 11 theme neurotrophic 587:598 arg1 factor 600:605 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor 563:605 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) 563:612 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 3 12 theme cell 569:572 arg1 GDNF 608:611 GDNF 608:611 GDNF 608:611 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 3 12 theme cell 569:572 arg1 factor 600:605 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor 563:605 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) 563:612 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 0 13 theme Drug 114:117 arg1 Delivery 119:126 Drug Delivery 114:126 Drug Delivery 114:126 Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Through Hydrogel-Enriched Chitosan Conduits Containing Engineered Schwann Cells for Drug Delivery. 25876520 5 14 theme nerve 1089:1093 arg1 guides 1095:1100 the chitosan nerve guides 1076:1100 the chitosan nerve guides 1076:1100 The viability and neurotrophic factor production by engineered SCs within NVR-Gel inside the chitosan nerve guides was further demonstrated in vitro. 25876520 2 15 theme transplanted 293:304 arg1 SCs 306:308 The transplanted SCs 289:308 The transplanted SCs 289:308 The transplanted SCs were naive or had been genetically modified to overexpress neurotrophic factors, thus providing a cellular neurotrophic factor delivery system. 25876520 6 16 theme nerve 1285:1289 arg1 guides 1291:1296 chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides 1254:1296 chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides 1254:1296 In vivo we studied the outcome of peripheral nerve regeneration after reconstruction of 15-mm nerve gaps with either chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides or autologous nerve grafts (ANGs). 25876520 2 17 theme neurotrophic 369:380 arg1 factors 382:388 neurotrophic factors 369:388 neurotrophic factors 369:388 The transplanted SCs were naive or had been genetically modified to overexpress neurotrophic factors, thus providing a cellular neurotrophic factor delivery system. 25876520 6 18 theme composite 1275:1283 arg1 guides 1291:1296 chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides 1254:1296 chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides 1254:1296 In vivo we studied the outcome of peripheral nerve regeneration after reconstruction of 15-mm nerve gaps with either chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides or autologous nerve grafts (ANGs). 25876520 2 19 theme delivery 437:444 arg1 system 446:451 a cellular neurotrophic factor delivery system 406:451 a cellular neurotrophic factor delivery system 406:451 The transplanted SCs were naive or had been genetically modified to overexpress neurotrophic factors, thus providing a cellular neurotrophic factor delivery system. 25876520 3 20 theme SCs 544:546 arg1 properties 519:528 the properties 515:528 the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) 515:657 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 2 21 theme cellular 408:415 arg1 factor 430:435 a cellular neurotrophic factor 406:435 a cellular neurotrophic factor delivery system 406:451 The transplanted SCs were naive or had been genetically modified to overexpress neurotrophic factors, thus providing a cellular neurotrophic factor delivery system. 25876520 3 22 theme sympathetic 722:732 arg1 cells 740:744 sympathetic PC-12 cells 722:744 sympathetic PC-12 cells 722:744 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 6 23 theme chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs 1254:1273 arg1 guides 1291:1296 chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides 1254:1296 chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides 1254:1296 In vivo we studied the outcome of peripheral nerve regeneration after reconstruction of 15-mm nerve gaps with either chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides or autologous nerve grafts (ANGs). 25876520 1 24 from defects 151:157 arg1 model 184:188 the rat sciatic nerve model 162:188 the rat sciatic nerve model 162:188 Critical length nerve defects in the rat sciatic nerve model were reconstructed with chitosan nerve guides filled with Schwann cells (SCs) containing hydrogel. 25876520 7 25 theme animals 1419:1425 arg1 % 1410:1410 100% 1407:1410 100% of the animals 1407:1425 While ANGs did guarantee for functional sensory and motor regeneration in 100% of the animals, delivery of NVR-Gel into the chitosan nerve guides obviously impaired sufficient axonal outgrowth. 25876520 7 25 theme animals 1419:1425 arg1 animals 1419:1425 the animals 1415:1425 the animals 1415:1425 While ANGs did guarantee for functional sensory and motor regeneration in 100% of the animals, delivery of NVR-Gel into the chitosan nerve guides obviously impaired sufficient axonal outgrowth. 25876520 7 26 theme impaired 1489:1496 arg1 outgrowth 1516:1524 obviously impaired sufficient axonal outgrowth 1479:1524 obviously impaired sufficient axonal outgrowth 1479:1524 While ANGs did guarantee for functional sensory and motor regeneration in 100% of the animals, delivery of NVR-Gel into the chitosan nerve guides obviously impaired sufficient axonal outgrowth. 25876520 0 27 theme Nerve 11:15 arg1 Regeneration 17:28 Peripheral Nerve Regeneration 0:28 Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Through Hydrogel-Enriched Chitosan Conduits 0:72 Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Through Hydrogel-Enriched Chitosan Conduits Containing Engineered Schwann Cells for Drug Delivery. 25876520 3 28 theme PC-12 734:738 arg1 cells 740:744 sympathetic PC-12 cells 722:744 sympathetic PC-12 cells 722:744 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 3 29 link line-derived 574:585 arg1 GDNF 608:611 GDNF 608:611 GDNF 608:611 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 3 29 link line-derived 574:585 arg1 factor 600:605 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor 563:605 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) 563:612 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 6 30 theme nerve 1231:1235 arg1 gaps 1237:1240 15-mm nerve gaps 1225:1240 15-mm nerve gaps with either chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides or autologous nerve grafts (ANGs) 1225:1330 In vivo we studied the outcome of peripheral nerve regeneration after reconstruction of 15-mm nerve gaps with either chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides or autologous nerve grafts (ANGs). 25876520 0 31 theme Peripheral 0:9 arg1 Regeneration 17:28 Peripheral Nerve Regeneration 0:28 Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Through Hydrogel-Enriched Chitosan Conduits 0:72 Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Through Hydrogel-Enriched Chitosan Conduits Containing Engineered Schwann Cells for Drug Delivery. 25876520 6 32 theme regeneration 1188:1199 arg1 outcome 1160:1166 the outcome 1156:1166 the outcome of peripheral nerve regeneration after reconstruction of 15-mm nerve gaps with either chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides or autologous nerve grafts (ANGs) 1156:1330 In vivo we studied the outcome of peripheral nerve regeneration after reconstruction of 15-mm nerve gaps with either chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides or autologous nerve grafts (ANGs). 25876520 7 33 theme axonal 1509:1514 arg1 outgrowth 1516:1524 obviously impaired sufficient axonal outgrowth 1479:1524 obviously impaired sufficient axonal outgrowth 1479:1524 While ANGs did guarantee for functional sensory and motor regeneration in 100% of the animals, delivery of NVR-Gel into the chitosan nerve guides obviously impaired sufficient axonal outgrowth. 25876520 5 34 dep viability 991:999 arg1 The 987:989 The 987:989 The 987:989 The viability and neurotrophic factor production by engineered SCs within NVR-Gel inside the chitosan nerve guides was further demonstrated in vitro. 25876520 3 35 theme dissociated 761:771 arg1 cultures 804:811 dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures 761:811 dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures 761:811 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 5 36 theme chitosan 1080:1087 arg1 guides 1095:1100 the chitosan nerve guides 1076:1100 the chitosan nerve guides 1076:1100 The viability and neurotrophic factor production by engineered SCs within NVR-Gel inside the chitosan nerve guides was further demonstrated in vitro. 25876520 3 37 theme line-derived 574:585 arg1 GDNF 608:611 GDNF 608:611 GDNF 608:611 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 3 37 theme line-derived 574:585 arg1 factor 600:605 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor 563:605 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) 563:612 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 7 38 theme motor 1385:1389 arg1 regeneration 1391:1402 motor regeneration 1385:1402 motor regeneration 1385:1402 While ANGs did guarantee for functional sensory and motor regeneration in 100% of the animals, delivery of NVR-Gel into the chitosan nerve guides obviously impaired sufficient axonal outgrowth. 25876520 1 39 theme chitosan 214:221 arg1 guides 229:234 chitosan nerve guides 214:234 chitosan nerve guides filled with Schwann cells (SCs) containing hydrogel 214:286 Critical length nerve defects in the rat sciatic nerve model were reconstructed with chitosan nerve guides filled with Schwann cells (SCs) containing hydrogel. 25876520 8 40 theme remarkable 1559:1568 arg1 extent 1570:1575 a remarkable extent 1557:1575 a remarkable extent when the NVR-Gel was enriched with FGF-2(18kDa) overexpressing SCs 1557:1642 This obstacle was overcome to a remarkable extent when the NVR-Gel was enriched with FGF-2(18kDa) overexpressing SCs. 25876520 6 41 theme peripheral 1171:1180 arg1 regeneration 1188:1199 peripheral nerve regeneration 1171:1199 peripheral nerve regeneration 1171:1199 In vivo we studied the outcome of peripheral nerve regeneration after reconstruction of 15-mm nerve gaps with either chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides or autologous nerve grafts (ANGs). 25876520 1 42 theme Critical 129:136 arg1 defects 151:157 Critical length nerve defects 129:157 Critical length nerve defects in the rat sciatic nerve model 129:188 Critical length nerve defects in the rat sciatic nerve model were reconstructed with chitosan nerve guides filled with Schwann cells (SCs) containing hydrogel. 25876520 1 43 theme nerve 223:227 arg1 guides 229:234 chitosan nerve guides 214:234 chitosan nerve guides filled with Schwann cells (SCs) containing hydrogel 214:286 Critical length nerve defects in the rat sciatic nerve model were reconstructed with chitosan nerve guides filled with Schwann cells (SCs) containing hydrogel. 25876520 0 44 theme Chitosan 56:63 arg1 Conduits 65:72 Hydrogel-Enriched Chitosan Conduits 38:72 Hydrogel-Enriched Chitosan Conduits 38:72 Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Through Hydrogel-Enriched Chitosan Conduits Containing Engineered Schwann Cells for Drug Delivery. 25876520 4 45 theme chitosan 929:936 arg1 conduits 945:952 chitosan hollow conduits 929:952 chitosan hollow conduits with a 5% degree of acetylation 929:984 SCs within NVR-hydrogel, which is mainly composed of hyaluronic acid and laminin, were delivered into the lumen of chitosan hollow conduits with a 5% degree of acetylation. 25876520 6 46 theme gaps 1237:1240 arg1 reconstruction 1207:1220 reconstruction 1207:1220 reconstruction of 15-mm nerve gaps with either chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides or autologous nerve grafts (ANGs) 1207:1330 In vivo we studied the outcome of peripheral nerve regeneration after reconstruction of 15-mm nerve gaps with either chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides or autologous nerve grafts (ANGs). 25876520 4 47 theme % 962:962 arg1 degree 964:969 a 5% degree 959:969 a 5% degree of acetylation 959:984 SCs within NVR-hydrogel, which is mainly composed of hyaluronic acid and laminin, were delivered into the lumen of chitosan hollow conduits with a 5% degree of acetylation. 25876520 2 48 theme factor 430:435 arg1 system 446:451 a cellular neurotrophic factor delivery system 406:451 a cellular neurotrophic factor delivery system 406:451 The transplanted SCs were naive or had been genetically modified to overexpress neurotrophic factors, thus providing a cellular neurotrophic factor delivery system. 25876520 0 49 theme Hydrogel-Enriched 38:54 arg1 Conduits 65:72 Hydrogel-Enriched Chitosan Conduits 38:72 Hydrogel-Enriched Chitosan Conduits 38:72 Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Through Hydrogel-Enriched Chitosan Conduits Containing Engineered Schwann Cells for Drug Delivery. 25876520 3 50 theme ganglion 785:792 arg1 cultures 804:811 dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures 761:811 dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures 761:811 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 4 51 theme acetylation 974:984 arg1 degree 964:969 a 5% degree 959:969 a 5% degree of acetylation 959:984 SCs within NVR-hydrogel, which is mainly composed of hyaluronic acid and laminin, were delivered into the lumen of chitosan hollow conduits with a 5% degree of acetylation. 25876520 3 52 theme fibroblast 617:626 arg1 factor 635:640 fibroblast growth factor 2 617:642 fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) 617:657 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 3 52 theme fibroblast 617:626 arg1 FGF-2 645:649 FGF-2 645:649 FGF-2(18kDa) 645:656 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 7 53 theme chitosan 1457:1464 arg1 nerve 1466:1470 the chitosan nerve 1453:1470 the chitosan nerve 1453:1470 While ANGs did guarantee for functional sensory and motor regeneration in 100% of the animals, delivery of NVR-Gel into the chitosan nerve guides obviously impaired sufficient axonal outgrowth. 25876520 2 54 theme neurotrophic 417:428 arg1 factor 430:435 a cellular neurotrophic factor 406:435 a cellular neurotrophic factor delivery system 406:451 The transplanted SCs were naive or had been genetically modified to overexpress neurotrophic factors, thus providing a cellular neurotrophic factor delivery system. 25876520 3 55 theme cell 794:797 arg1 cultures 804:811 dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures 761:811 dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures 761:811 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 4 56 theme 5 961:961 arg1 % 962:962 % 962:962 % 962:962 SCs within NVR-hydrogel, which is mainly composed of hyaluronic acid and laminin, were delivered into the lumen of chitosan hollow conduits with a 5% degree of acetylation. 25876520 5 57 theme factor 1018:1023 arg1 production 1025:1034 neurotrophic factor production 1005:1034 neurotrophic factor production 1005:1034 The viability and neurotrophic factor production by engineered SCs within NVR-Gel inside the chitosan nerve guides was further demonstrated in vitro. 25876520 1 58 theme length 138:143 arg1 defects 151:157 Critical length nerve defects 129:157 Critical length nerve defects in the rat sciatic nerve model 129:188 Critical length nerve defects in the rat sciatic nerve model were reconstructed with chitosan nerve guides filled with Schwann cells (SCs) containing hydrogel. 25876520 3 59 theme dorsal 773:778 arg1 ganglion 785:792 dorsal root ganglion 773:792 dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures 761:811 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 3 60 dep in 487:488 arg1 vitro 490:494 vitro 490:494 vitro 490:494 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 5 61 theme engineered 1039:1048 arg1 SCs 1050:1052 engineered SCs 1039:1052 engineered SCs within NVR-Gel inside the chitosan nerve guides 1039:1100 The viability and neurotrophic factor production by engineered SCs within NVR-Gel inside the chitosan nerve guides was further demonstrated in vitro. 25876520 1 62 theme nerve 145:149 arg1 defects 151:157 Critical length nerve defects 129:157 Critical length nerve defects in the rat sciatic nerve model 129:188 Critical length nerve defects in the rat sciatic nerve model were reconstructed with chitosan nerve guides filled with Schwann cells (SCs) containing hydrogel. 25876520 3 63 theme root 780:783 arg1 ganglion 785:792 dorsal root ganglion 773:792 dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures 761:811 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 3 64 theme neurite 678:684 arg1 outgrowth 686:694 their neurite outgrowth 672:694 their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures 672:811 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 5 65 theme neurotrophic 1005:1016 arg1 factor 1018:1023 neurotrophic factor 1005:1023 neurotrophic factor production 1005:1034 The viability and neurotrophic factor production by engineered SCs within NVR-Gel inside the chitosan nerve guides was further demonstrated in vitro. 25876520 3 66 theme in 487:488 arg1 studies 496:502 in vitro studies 487:502 in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) 487:657 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 6 67 theme nerve 1312:1316 arg1 ANGs 1326:1329 ANGs 1326:1329 ANGs 1326:1329 In vivo we studied the outcome of peripheral nerve regeneration after reconstruction of 15-mm nerve gaps with either chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides or autologous nerve grafts (ANGs). 25876520 6 67 theme nerve 1312:1316 arg1 grafts 1318:1323 autologous nerve grafts 1301:1323 autologous nerve grafts (ANGs) 1301:1330 In vivo we studied the outcome of peripheral nerve regeneration after reconstruction of 15-mm nerve gaps with either chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides or autologous nerve grafts (ANGs). 25876520 6 68 with gaps 1237:1240 arg1 guides 1291:1296 chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides 1254:1296 chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides 1254:1296 In vivo we studied the outcome of peripheral nerve regeneration after reconstruction of 15-mm nerve gaps with either chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides or autologous nerve grafts (ANGs). 25876520 6 68 with gaps 1237:1240 arg1 ANGs 1326:1329 ANGs 1326:1329 ANGs 1326:1329 In vivo we studied the outcome of peripheral nerve regeneration after reconstruction of 15-mm nerve gaps with either chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides or autologous nerve grafts (ANGs). 25876520 6 68 with gaps 1237:1240 arg1 grafts 1318:1323 autologous nerve grafts 1301:1323 autologous nerve grafts (ANGs) 1301:1330 In vivo we studied the outcome of peripheral nerve regeneration after reconstruction of 15-mm nerve gaps with either chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides or autologous nerve grafts (ANGs). 25876520 1 69 contain containing 268:277 arg1 cells 256:260 Schwann cells 248:260 Schwann cells (SCs) containing hydrogel 248:286 Critical length nerve defects in the rat sciatic nerve model were reconstructed with chitosan nerve guides filled with Schwann cells (SCs) containing hydrogel. 25876520 1 69 contain containing 268:277 arg2 hydrogel 279:286 hydrogel 279:286 hydrogel 279:286 Critical length nerve defects in the rat sciatic nerve model were reconstructed with chitosan nerve guides filled with Schwann cells (SCs) containing hydrogel. 25876520 1 69 contain containing 268:277 arg1 SCs 263:265 SCs 263:265 SCs 263:265 Critical length nerve defects in the rat sciatic nerve model were reconstructed with chitosan nerve guides filled with Schwann cells (SCs) containing hydrogel. 25876520 3 70 theme engineered 533:542 arg1 SCs 544:546 engineered SCs 533:546 engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) 533:657 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 1 71 theme Schwann 248:254 arg1 cells 256:260 Schwann cells 248:260 Schwann cells (SCs) containing hydrogel 248:286 Critical length nerve defects in the rat sciatic nerve model were reconstructed with chitosan nerve guides filled with Schwann cells (SCs) containing hydrogel. 25876520 1 71 theme Schwann 248:254 arg1 SCs 263:265 SCs 263:265 SCs 263:265 Critical length nerve defects in the rat sciatic nerve model were reconstructed with chitosan nerve guides filled with Schwann cells (SCs) containing hydrogel. 25876520 0 72 theme Schwann 96:102 arg1 Cells 104:108 Engineered Schwann Cells 85:108 Engineered Schwann Cells 85:108 Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Through Hydrogel-Enriched Chitosan Conduits Containing Engineered Schwann Cells for Drug Delivery. 25876520 7 73 theme sufficient 1498:1507 arg1 outgrowth 1516:1524 obviously impaired sufficient axonal outgrowth 1479:1524 obviously impaired sufficient axonal outgrowth 1479:1524 While ANGs did guarantee for functional sensory and motor regeneration in 100% of the animals, delivery of NVR-Gel into the chitosan nerve guides obviously impaired sufficient axonal outgrowth. 25876520 3 74 theme growth 628:633 arg1 factor 635:640 fibroblast growth factor 2 617:642 fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) 617:657 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 3 74 theme growth 628:633 arg1 FGF-2 645:649 FGF-2 645:649 FGF-2(18kDa) 645:656 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 3 75 theme drop 799:802 arg1 cultures 804:811 dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures 761:811 dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures 761:811 Prior to the assessment in vivo, in vitro studies evaluating the properties of engineered SCs overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2(18kDa)) demonstrated their neurite outgrowth inductive bioactivity for sympathetic PC-12 cells as well as for dissociated dorsal root ganglion cell drop cultures. 25876520 0 76 theme Engineered 85:94 arg1 Cells 104:108 Engineered Schwann Cells 85:108 Engineered Schwann Cells 85:108 Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Through Hydrogel-Enriched Chitosan Conduits Containing Engineered Schwann Cells for Drug Delivery. 25876520 6 77 theme nerve 1182:1186 arg1 regeneration 1188:1199 peripheral nerve regeneration 1171:1199 peripheral nerve regeneration 1171:1199 In vivo we studied the outcome of peripheral nerve regeneration after reconstruction of 15-mm nerve gaps with either chitosan/NVR-Gel/SCs composite nerve guides or autologous nerve grafts (ANGs). 25876520 4 78 with conduits 945:952 arg1 degree 964:969 a 5% degree 959:969 a 5% degree of acetylation 959:984 SCs within NVR-hydrogel, which is mainly composed of hyaluronic acid and laminin, were delivered into the lumen of chitosan hollow conduits with a 5% degree of acetylation. 25876520 1 79 theme rat 166:168 arg1 model 184:188 the rat sciatic nerve model 162:188 the rat sciatic nerve model 162:188 Critical length nerve defects in the rat sciatic nerve model were reconstructed with chitosan nerve guides filled with Schwann cells (SCs) containing hydrogel. 25876520 4 80 theme hollow 938:943 arg1 conduits 945:952 chitosan hollow conduits 929:952 chitosan hollow conduits with a 5% degree of acetylation 929:984 SCs within NVR-hydrogel, which is mainly composed of hyaluronic acid and laminin, were delivered into the lumen of chitosan hollow conduits with a 5% degree of acetylation. 25036157 6 0 theme energy 1226:1231 arg1 9200 J/g 1214:1221 9200 J/g 1214:1221 9200 J/g of energy 1214:1231 For optimal release of intracellular content, 9200 J/g of energy was needed (95% confidence), yielding 6900 J/g energy savings. 25036157 7 1 theme cell 1334:1337 arg1 disruption 1339:1348 cell disruption 1334:1348 cell disruption of N. denitrificans 1334:1368 Model equations generated from RSM on cell disruption of N. denitrificans were found adequate to determine significant factors and its interaction. 25036157 8 2 theme disruption 1516:1525 arg1 methods 1527:1533 known pretreatment and disruption methods 1493:1533 known pretreatment and disruption methods 1493:1533 The results showed that optimized combination of known pretreatment and disruption methods could considerably improve cell disruption efficiency. 25036157 1 3 theme factorial 181:189 arg1 design 203:208 a factorial experiments design 179:208 a factorial experiments design 179:208 Disruption of Neisseria denitrificans cells by microfluidizer was optimized using a factorial experiments design. 25036157 5 4 theme size 1063:1066 arg1 analysis 1081:1088 Particle size distribution analysis 1054:1088 Particle size distribution analysis 1054:1088 Particle size distribution analysis revealed nearly twofold larger cell lysate particles with diameter of 120 nm. 25036157 4 5 theme 21.0 ± 1.2 mg 902:914 arg1 polysaccharides 916:930 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides 902:930 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides 902:930 At optimized conditions, the disruption rate increased twofold, up to 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10(-3) MPa(-a); meanwhile, yield of intracellular content was increased by 26%, with 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease. 25036157 5 6 theme larger 1114:1119 arg1 lysate 1126:1131 nearly twofold larger cell lysate 1099:1131 nearly twofold larger cell lysate particles with diameter of 120 nm 1099:1165 Particle size distribution analysis revealed nearly twofold larger cell lysate particles with diameter of 120 nm. 25036157 3 7 theme % 637:637 arg1 X-100 646:650 0.2% Triton X-100 634:650 0.2% Triton X-100 634:650 Investigation revealed optimum conditions: 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100. 25036157 2 8 from impact 355:360 arg1 process 376:382 disruption process 365:382 disruption process 365:382 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). 25036157 1 9 theme experiments 191:201 arg1 design 203:208 a factorial experiments design 179:208 a factorial experiments design 179:208 Disruption of Neisseria denitrificans cells by microfluidizer was optimized using a factorial experiments design. 25036157 4 10 theme endonuclease 1022:1033 arg1 endonuclease 1040:1051 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease 994:1051 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease 994:1051 At optimized conditions, the disruption rate increased twofold, up to 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10(-3) MPa(-a); meanwhile, yield of intracellular content was increased by 26%, with 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease. 25036157 0 11 from Optimization 0:11 arg1 denitrificans 61:73 Neisseria denitrificans 51:73 Neisseria denitrificans 51:73 Optimization of intracellular product release from Neisseria denitrificans using microfluidizer. 25036157 6 12 theme % 1247:1247 arg1 confidence 1249:1258 95% confidence 1245:1258 95% confidence 1245:1258 For optimal release of intracellular content, 9200 J/g of energy was needed (95% confidence), yielding 6900 J/g energy savings. 25036157 3 13 theme cell 592:595 arg1 cells 581:585 110 g L(-1) cells 569:585 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight) 569:603 Investigation revealed optimum conditions: 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100. 25036157 3 13 theme cell 592:595 arg1 weight 597:602 dry cell weight 588:602 dry cell weight 588:602 Investigation revealed optimum conditions: 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100. 25036157 6 14 theme intracellular 1191:1203 arg1 content 1205:1211 intracellular content 1191:1211 intracellular content 1191:1211 For optimal release of intracellular content, 9200 J/g of energy was needed (95% confidence), yielding 6900 J/g energy savings. 25036157 2 15 theme Triton 308:313 arg1 X-100 315:319 Triton X-100 308:319 Triton X-100 308:319 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). 25036157 0 16 from denitrificans 61:73 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of intracellular product release from Neisseria denitrificans 0:73 Optimization of intracellular product release from Neisseria denitrificans using microfluidizer. 25036157 0 16 from denitrificans 61:73 arg1 release 38:44 intracellular product release 16:44 intracellular product release from Neisseria denitrificans 16:73 Optimization of intracellular product release from Neisseria denitrificans using microfluidizer. 25036157 3 17 from pH 551:552 arg1 pretreatment 535:546 90 min pretreatment 528:546 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100 528:650 Investigation revealed optimum conditions: 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100. 25036157 4 18 theme nucleic 887:893 arg1 acids 895:899 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids 873:899 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids 873:899 At optimized conditions, the disruption rate increased twofold, up to 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10(-3) MPa(-a); meanwhile, yield of intracellular content was increased by 26%, with 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease. 25036157 4 19 theme disruption 682:691 arg1 rate 693:696 the disruption rate 678:696 the disruption rate 678:696 At optimized conditions, the disruption rate increased twofold, up to 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10(-3) MPa(-a); meanwhile, yield of intracellular content was increased by 26%, with 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease. 25036157 4 20 theme intracellular 773:785 arg1 content 787:793 intracellular content 773:793 intracellular content 773:793 At optimized conditions, the disruption rate increased twofold, up to 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10(-3) MPa(-a); meanwhile, yield of intracellular content was increased by 26%, with 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease. 25036157 5 21 with particles 1133:1141 arg1 diameter 1148:1155 diameter 1148:1155 diameter of 120 nm 1148:1165 Particle size distribution analysis revealed nearly twofold larger cell lysate particles with diameter of 120 nm. 25036157 4 22 theme restriction 1010:1020 arg1 endonuclease 1040:1051 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease 994:1051 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease 994:1051 At optimized conditions, the disruption rate increased twofold, up to 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10(-3) MPa(-a); meanwhile, yield of intracellular content was increased by 26%, with 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease. 25036157 2 23 theme central 420:426 arg1 design 438:443 central composite design 420:443 central composite design 420:443 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). 25036157 4 24 theme 12.1 ± 0.7 mg 873:885 arg1 acids 895:899 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids 873:899 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids 873:899 At optimized conditions, the disruption rate increased twofold, up to 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10(-3) MPa(-a); meanwhile, yield of intracellular content was increased by 26%, with 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease. 25036157 8 25 theme methods 1527:1533 arg1 combination 1478:1488 optimized combination 1468:1488 optimized combination of known pretreatment and disruption methods 1468:1533 The results showed that optimized combination of known pretreatment and disruption methods could considerably improve cell disruption efficiency. 25036157 3 26 theme 110 g L 569:575 arg1 cells 581:585 110 g L(-1) cells 569:585 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight) 569:603 Investigation revealed optimum conditions: 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100. 25036157 3 26 theme 110 g L 569:575 arg1 weight 597:602 dry cell weight 588:602 dry cell weight 588:602 Investigation revealed optimum conditions: 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100. 25036157 5 27 theme cell 1121:1124 arg1 lysate 1126:1131 nearly twofold larger cell lysate 1099:1131 nearly twofold larger cell lysate particles with diameter of 120 nm 1099:1165 Particle size distribution analysis revealed nearly twofold larger cell lysate particles with diameter of 120 nm. 25036157 4 28 dep increased 698:706 arg1 meanwhile 753:761 meanwhile 753:761 meanwhile 753:761 At optimized conditions, the disruption rate increased twofold, up to 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10(-3) MPa(-a); meanwhile, yield of intracellular content was increased by 26%, with 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease. 25036157 5 29 theme distribution 1068:1079 arg1 analysis 1081:1088 Particle size distribution analysis 1054:1088 Particle size distribution analysis 1054:1088 Particle size distribution analysis revealed nearly twofold larger cell lysate particles with diameter of 120 nm. 25036157 8 30 theme known 1493:1497 arg1 methods 1527:1533 known pretreatment and disruption methods 1493:1533 known pretreatment and disruption methods 1493:1533 The results showed that optimized combination of known pretreatment and disruption methods could considerably improve cell disruption efficiency. 25036157 7 31 theme significant 1403:1413 arg1 factors 1415:1421 significant factors 1403:1421 significant factors 1403:1421 Model equations generated from RSM on cell disruption of N. denitrificans were found adequate to determine significant factors and its interaction. 25036157 4 32 theme content 787:793 arg1 yield 764:768 yield 764:768 yield of intracellular content 764:793 At optimized conditions, the disruption rate increased twofold, up to 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10(-3) MPa(-a); meanwhile, yield of intracellular content was increased by 26%, with 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease. 25036157 1 33 theme Neisseria 111:119 arg1 cells 135:139 Neisseria denitrificans cells 111:139 Neisseria denitrificans cells 111:139 Disruption of Neisseria denitrificans cells by microfluidizer was optimized using a factorial experiments design. 25036157 0 34 theme product 30:36 arg1 release 38:44 intracellular product release 16:44 intracellular product release from Neisseria denitrificans 16:73 Optimization of intracellular product release from Neisseria denitrificans using microfluidizer. 25036157 5 35 theme 120 nm 1160:1165 arg1 diameter 1148:1155 diameter 1148:1155 diameter of 120 nm 1148:1165 Particle size distribution analysis revealed nearly twofold larger cell lysate particles with diameter of 120 nm. 25036157 6 36 theme content 1205:1211 arg1 release 1180:1186 optimal release 1172:1186 optimal release of intracellular content 1172:1211 For optimal release of intracellular content, 9200 J/g of energy was needed (95% confidence), yielding 6900 J/g energy savings. 25036157 2 37 theme X-100 315:319 arg1 concentrations 321:334 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations 211:334 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations 211:334 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). 25036157 2 38 theme response 449:456 arg1 RSM 479:481 RSM 479:481 RSM 479:481 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). 25036157 2 38 theme response 449:456 arg1 methodology 466:476 response surface methodology 449:476 response surface methodology (RSM) 449:482 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). 25036157 2 39 theme surface 458:464 arg1 RSM 479:481 RSM 479:481 RSM 479:481 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). 25036157 2 39 theme surface 458:464 arg1 methodology 466:476 response surface methodology 449:476 response surface methodology (RSM) 449:482 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). 25036157 8 40 theme pretreatment 1499:1510 arg1 methods 1527:1533 known pretreatment and disruption methods 1493:1533 known pretreatment and disruption methods 1493:1533 The results showed that optimized combination of known pretreatment and disruption methods could considerably improve cell disruption efficiency. 25036157 4 41 theme cells 829:833 arg1 1 g 822:824 1 g 822:824 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease 822:1051 At optimized conditions, the disruption rate increased twofold, up to 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10(-3) MPa(-a); meanwhile, yield of intracellular content was increased by 26%, with 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease. 25036157 2 42 theme pH 215:216 arg1 concentrations 321:334 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations 211:334 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations 211:334 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). 25036157 1 43 theme cells 135:139 arg1 Disruption 97:106 Disruption 97:106 Disruption of Neisseria denitrificans cells by microfluidizer 97:157 Disruption of Neisseria denitrificans cells by microfluidizer was optimized using a factorial experiments design. 25036157 8 44 theme cell 1562:1565 arg1 efficiency 1578:1587 cell disruption efficiency 1562:1587 cell disruption efficiency 1562:1587 The results showed that optimized combination of known pretreatment and disruption methods could considerably improve cell disruption efficiency. 25036157 4 45 theme 0.99 ± 0.08 kU 933:946 arg1 G6PD 983:986 G6PD 983:986 G6PD 983:986 At optimized conditions, the disruption rate increased twofold, up to 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10(-3) MPa(-a); meanwhile, yield of intracellular content was increased by 26%, with 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease. 25036157 4 45 theme 0.99 ± 0.08 kU 933:946 arg1 dehydrogenase 968:980 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 933:980 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) 933:987 At optimized conditions, the disruption rate increased twofold, up to 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10(-3) MPa(-a); meanwhile, yield of intracellular content was increased by 26%, with 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease. 25036157 4 46 theme 113.2 ± 8.2 mg 848:861 arg1 proteins 863:870 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins 848:870 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins 848:870 At optimized conditions, the disruption rate increased twofold, up to 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10(-3) MPa(-a); meanwhile, yield of intracellular content was increased by 26%, with 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease. 25036157 3 47 theme 0.2 634:636 arg1 % 637:637 % 637:637 % 637:637 Investigation revealed optimum conditions: 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100. 25036157 2 48 theme NaCl 258:261 arg1 concentrations 321:334 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations 211:334 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations 211:334 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). 25036157 6 49 theme optimal 1172:1178 arg1 release 1180:1186 optimal release 1172:1186 optimal release of intracellular content 1172:1211 For optimal release of intracellular content, 9200 J/g of energy was needed (95% confidence), yielding 6900 J/g energy savings. 25036157 4 50 dep meanwhile 753:761 arg1 increased 799:807 increased 799:807 increased 799:807 At optimized conditions, the disruption rate increased twofold, up to 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10(-3) MPa(-a); meanwhile, yield of intracellular content was increased by 26%, with 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease. 25036157 0 51 theme release 38:44 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of intracellular product release from Neisseria denitrificans 0:73 Optimization of intracellular product release from Neisseria denitrificans using microfluidizer. 25036157 5 52 theme lysate 1126:1131 arg1 particles 1133:1141 nearly twofold larger cell lysate particles 1099:1141 nearly twofold larger cell lysate particles with diameter of 120 nm 1099:1165 Particle size distribution analysis revealed nearly twofold larger cell lysate particles with diameter of 120 nm. 25036157 7 53 theme denitrificans 1356:1368 arg1 disruption 1339:1348 cell disruption 1334:1348 cell disruption of N. denitrificans 1334:1368 Model equations generated from RSM on cell disruption of N. denitrificans were found adequate to determine significant factors and its interaction. 25036157 7 54 theme Model 1296:1300 arg1 equations 1302:1310 Model equations 1296:1310 Model equations generated from RSM on cell disruption of N. denitrificans 1296:1368 Model equations generated from RSM on cell disruption of N. denitrificans were found adequate to determine significant factors and its interaction. 25036157 7 55 theme N. 1353:1354 arg1 denitrificans 1356:1368 N. denitrificans 1353:1368 N. denitrificans 1353:1368 Model equations generated from RSM on cell disruption of N. denitrificans were found adequate to determine significant factors and its interaction. 25036157 2 56 theme composite 428:436 arg1 design 438:443 central composite design 420:443 central composite design 420:443 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). 25036157 3 57 contain containing 558:567 arg2 X-100 646:650 0.2% Triton X-100 634:650 0.2% Triton X-100 634:650 Investigation revealed optimum conditions: 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100. 25036157 3 57 contain containing 558:567 arg2 weight 597:602 dry cell weight 588:602 dry cell weight 588:602 Investigation revealed optimum conditions: 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100. 25036157 3 57 contain containing 558:567 arg2 cells 581:585 110 g L(-1) cells 569:585 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight) 569:603 Investigation revealed optimum conditions: 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100. 25036157 3 57 contain containing 558:567 arg2 EDTA 624:627 10 mM EDTA 618:627 10 mM EDTA 618:627 Investigation revealed optimum conditions: 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100. 25036157 3 57 contain containing 558:567 arg2 NaCl 612:615 50 mM NaCl 606:615 50 mM NaCl 606:615 Investigation revealed optimum conditions: 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100. 25036157 3 57 contain containing 558:567 arg1 pretreatment 535:546 90 min pretreatment 528:546 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100 528:650 Investigation revealed optimum conditions: 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100. 25036157 6 58 theme energy 1280:1285 arg1 savings 1287:1293 6900 J/g energy savings 1271:1293 6900 J/g energy savings 1271:1293 For optimal release of intracellular content, 9200 J/g of energy was needed (95% confidence), yielding 6900 J/g energy savings. 25036157 5 59 theme Particle 1054:1061 arg1 analysis 1081:1088 Particle size distribution analysis 1054:1088 Particle size distribution analysis 1054:1088 Particle size distribution analysis revealed nearly twofold larger cell lysate particles with diameter of 120 nm. 25036157 2 60 theme concentration 243:255 arg1 concentrations 321:334 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations 211:334 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations 211:334 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). 25036157 2 61 theme disruption 365:374 arg1 process 376:382 disruption process 365:382 disruption process 365:382 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). 25036157 4 62 theme glucose-6-phosphate 948:966 arg1 G6PD 983:986 G6PD 983:986 G6PD 983:986 At optimized conditions, the disruption rate increased twofold, up to 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10(-3) MPa(-a); meanwhile, yield of intracellular content was increased by 26%, with 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease. 25036157 4 62 theme glucose-6-phosphate 948:966 arg1 dehydrogenase 968:980 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 933:980 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) 933:987 At optimized conditions, the disruption rate increased twofold, up to 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10(-3) MPa(-a); meanwhile, yield of intracellular content was increased by 26%, with 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease. 25036157 6 63 theme 6900 J/g 1271:1278 arg1 savings 1287:1293 6900 J/g energy savings 1271:1293 6900 J/g energy savings 1271:1293 For optimal release of intracellular content, 9200 J/g of energy was needed (95% confidence), yielding 6900 J/g energy savings. 25036157 2 64 theme cell 238:241 arg1 concentration 243:255 cell concentration 238:255 cell concentration 238:255 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). 25036157 3 65 theme 90 min 528:533 arg1 pretreatment 535:546 90 min pretreatment 528:546 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100 528:650 Investigation revealed optimum conditions: 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100. 25036157 3 66 dep revealed 499:506 arg1 pretreatment 535:546 90 min pretreatment 528:546 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100 528:650 Investigation revealed optimum conditions: 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100. 25036157 4 67 dep 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10 723:738 arg1 to 720:721 to 720:721 to 720:721 At optimized conditions, the disruption rate increased twofold, up to 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10(-3) MPa(-a); meanwhile, yield of intracellular content was increased by 26%, with 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease. 25036157 4 67 dep 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10 723:738 arg1 -3 740:741 -3 740:741 -3 740:741 At optimized conditions, the disruption rate increased twofold, up to 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10(-3) MPa(-a); meanwhile, yield of intracellular content was increased by 26%, with 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease. 25036157 2 68 theme time 232:235 arg1 concentrations 321:334 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations 211:334 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations 211:334 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). 25036157 2 69 theme acid 292:295 arg1 concentrations 321:334 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations 211:334 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations 211:334 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). 25036157 6 70 dep needed 1237:1242 arg1 confidence 1249:1258 95% confidence 1245:1258 95% confidence 1245:1258 For optimal release of intracellular content, 9200 J/g of energy was needed (95% confidence), yielding 6900 J/g energy savings. 25036157 3 71 theme optimum 508:514 arg1 conditions 516:525 optimum conditions 508:525 optimum conditions 508:525 Investigation revealed optimum conditions: 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100. 25036157 1 72 theme denitrificans 121:133 arg1 cells 135:139 Neisseria denitrificans cells 111:139 Neisseria denitrificans cells 111:139 Disruption of Neisseria denitrificans cells by microfluidizer was optimized using a factorial experiments design. 25036157 2 73 theme pretreatment 219:230 arg1 time 232:235 pretreatment time 219:235 pretreatment time 219:235 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). 25036157 2 74 theme tetraacetic 280:290 arg1 EDTA 298:301 EDTA 298:301 EDTA 298:301 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). 25036157 2 74 theme tetraacetic 280:290 arg1 acid 292:295 ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 264:295 ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) 264:302 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). 25036157 8 75 theme optimized 1468:1476 arg1 combination 1478:1488 optimized combination 1468:1488 optimized combination of known pretreatment and disruption methods 1468:1533 The results showed that optimized combination of known pretreatment and disruption methods could considerably improve cell disruption efficiency. 25036157 2 76 theme significant 343:353 arg1 impact 355:360 significant impact 343:360 significant impact on disruption process 343:382 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). 25036157 3 77 theme Triton 639:644 arg1 X-100 646:650 0.2% Triton X-100 634:650 0.2% Triton X-100 634:650 Investigation revealed optimum conditions: 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100. 25036157 2 78 theme ethylenediamine 264:278 arg1 EDTA 298:301 EDTA 298:301 EDTA 298:301 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). 25036157 2 78 theme ethylenediamine 264:278 arg1 acid 292:295 ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 264:295 ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) 264:302 The pH, pretreatment time, cell concentration, NaCl, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Triton X-100 concentrations showed significant impact on disruption process and the process was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). 25036157 4 79 theme optimized 656:664 arg1 conditions 666:675 optimized conditions 656:675 optimized conditions 656:675 At optimized conditions, the disruption rate increased twofold, up to 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10(-3) MPa(-a); meanwhile, yield of intracellular content was increased by 26%, with 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease. 25036157 4 80 theme NdeI 1035:1038 arg1 endonuclease 1040:1051 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease 994:1051 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease 994:1051 At optimized conditions, the disruption rate increased twofold, up to 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10(-3) MPa(-a); meanwhile, yield of intracellular content was increased by 26%, with 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease. 25036157 0 81 theme intracellular 16:28 arg1 release 38:44 intracellular product release 16:44 intracellular product release from Neisseria denitrificans 16:73 Optimization of intracellular product release from Neisseria denitrificans using microfluidizer. 25036157 3 82 theme dry 588:590 arg1 cells 581:585 110 g L(-1) cells 569:585 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight) 569:603 Investigation revealed optimum conditions: 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100. 25036157 3 82 theme dry 588:590 arg1 weight 597:602 dry cell weight 588:602 dry cell weight 588:602 Investigation revealed optimum conditions: 90 min pretreatment at pH 9.0 containing 110 g L(-1) cells (dry cell weight), 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, and 0.2% Triton X-100. 25036157 4 83 theme 10,100 ± 110 kU 994:1008 arg1 endonuclease 1040:1051 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease 994:1051 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease 994:1051 At optimized conditions, the disruption rate increased twofold, up to 5.62 ± 0.27 × 10(-3) MPa(-a); meanwhile, yield of intracellular content was increased by 26%, with 1 g of cells resulting in 113.2 ± 8.2 mg proteins, 12.1 ± 0.7 mg nucleic acids, 21.0 ± 1.2 mg polysaccharides, 0.99 ± 0.08 kU glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 10,100 ± 110 kU restriction endonuclease NdeI endonuclease. 25036157 8 84 theme disruption 1567:1576 arg1 efficiency 1578:1587 cell disruption efficiency 1562:1587 cell disruption efficiency 1562:1587 The results showed that optimized combination of known pretreatment and disruption methods could considerably improve cell disruption efficiency. 26329795 6 0 theme mechanical 945:954 arg1 loading 956:962 mechanical loading 945:962 mechanical loading 945:962 GAG content can normally vary with mechanical loading; however, progressive loss of GAG is associated with osteoarthritis. 26329795 16 1 theme zone 2907:2910 arg1 layer 2885:2889 the superficial layer 2869:2889 the superficial layer of the superior zone 2869:2910 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 13 2 dep recovered 2235:2243 arg1 CI 2278:2279 95% CI 2274:2279 95% CI 2274:2279 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 13 3 theme < 2291:2291 arg1 p 2289:2289 p < 0.001 2289:2297 p < 0.001 2289:2297 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 12 4 from change 1926:1931 arg1 dGEMRIC 1936:1942 dGEMRIC 1936:1942 dGEMRIC 1936:1942 The change in dGEMRIC after surgery was assessed in the superficial and deep cartilage zones at five acetabular radial planes. 26329795 9 5 theme mean 1573:1576 arg1 patients 1563:1570 37 patients 1560:1570 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia 1560:1678 METHODS This prospective study included 37 hips in 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia and had preoperative and 1-year follow up dGEMRIC scans. 26329795 9 5 theme mean 1573:1576 arg1 years 1589:1593 mean age 26 ± 9 years 1573:1593 mean age 26 ± 9 years 1573:1593 METHODS This prospective study included 37 hips in 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia and had preoperative and 1-year follow up dGEMRIC scans. 26329795 13 6 theme sensitive 2373:2381 arg1 layer 2395:2399 the biologically sensitive superficial layer 2356:2399 the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG 2356:2411 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 16 7 dep 2 2842:2842 arg1 to 2839:2840 to 2839:2840 to 2839:2840 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 22 8 theme acetabulum 4105:4114 arg1 alignment 4072:4080 alignment 4072:4080 alignment 4072:4080 Although PAO alters alignment and orientation of the acetabulum, its effects on cartilage biology are not clear. 26329795 22 8 theme acetabulum 4105:4114 arg1 orientation 4086:4096 orientation 4086:4096 orientation 4086:4096 Although PAO alters alignment and orientation of the acetabulum, its effects on cartilage biology are not clear. 26329795 13 9 theme ± 2066:2066 arg1 SD 2068:2069 The mean ± SD 2057:2069 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone 2049:2107 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 17 10 theme cartilage 3147:3155 arg1 zone 3157:3160 the deeper acetabular cartilage zone 3125:3160 the deeper acetabular cartilage zone 3125:3160 CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that PAO may alter the GAG content of the articular cartilage with a greater effect on the superficial zone compared with the deeper acetabular cartilage zone, especially at the superior aspect of the joint. 26329795 4 11 theme gadolinium-enhanced 665:683 arg1 resonance 694:702 gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance 665:702 Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) 657:733 Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) enables noninvasive measurement of cartilage GAG content. 26329795 17 12 theme acetabular 3136:3145 arg1 zone 3157:3160 the deeper acetabular cartilage zone 3125:3160 the deeper acetabular cartilage zone 3125:3160 CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that PAO may alter the GAG content of the articular cartilage with a greater effect on the superficial zone compared with the deeper acetabular cartilage zone, especially at the superior aspect of the joint. 26329795 7 13 theme different 1101:1109 arg1 depths 1111:1116 different depths 1101:1116 different depths of cartilage 1101:1129 By looking at the changes in amounts of GAG in response to a PAO at different depths of cartilage, we may gain further insights into the types of biologic events that are occurring in the joint after a PAO. 26329795 14 14 theme 5-32 2618:2621 arg1 CI 2614:2615 95% CI 2610:2615 95% CI 2610:2615 In the deep acetabular cartilage zone, dGEMRIC index fell from 527 ± 148 msec preoperatively to 468 ± 143 msec at Year 1 (95% CI, -66 to -30; p < 0.001) and recovered to 494 ± 125 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 5-32; p = 0.008). 26329795 5 15 theme GAG 897:899 arg1 content 901:907 less GAG content 892:907 less GAG content 892:907 The dGEMRIC index represents an indirect measure of GAG concentration with lower values indicating less GAG content. 26329795 6 16 theme GAG 910:912 arg1 content 914:920 GAG content 910:920 GAG content 910:920 GAG content can normally vary with mechanical loading; however, progressive loss of GAG is associated with osteoarthritis. 26329795 16 17 theme year 2938:2941 arg1 msec 2953:2956 2 year 453 ± 117 msec 2936:2956 2 year 453 ± 117 msec 2936:2956 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 16 17 theme year 2938:2941 arg1 p 2959:2959 p 2959:2959 p < 0.006 2959:2967 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 14 18 theme 95 2536:2537 arg1 % 2538:2538 % 2538:2538 % 2538:2538 In the deep acetabular cartilage zone, dGEMRIC index fell from 527 ± 148 msec preoperatively to 468 ± 143 msec at Year 1 (95% CI, -66 to -30; p < 0.001) and recovered to 494 ± 125 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 5-32; p = 0.008). 26329795 21 19 from alterations 3992:4002 arg1 cartilage 4017:4025 articular cartilage 4007:4025 articular cartilage with mechanical loading 4007:4049 CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study looks at the biochemical changes in the articular cartilage before and after a PAO for dysplastic hips using MRI in a similar manner to using histological methods to study alterations in articular cartilage with mechanical loading. 26329795 4 20 theme resonance 694:702 arg1 imaging 704:710 Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging 657:710 Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) 657:733 Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) enables noninvasive measurement of cartilage GAG content. 26329795 4 20 theme resonance 694:702 arg1 dGEMRIC 726:732 dGEMRIC 726:732 dGEMRIC 726:732 Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) enables noninvasive measurement of cartilage GAG content. 26329795 17 21 theme articular 3045:3053 arg1 cartilage 3055:3063 the articular cartilage 3041:3063 the articular cartilage 3041:3063 CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that PAO may alter the GAG content of the articular cartilage with a greater effect on the superficial zone compared with the deeper acetabular cartilage zone, especially at the superior aspect of the joint. 26329795 1 22 theme cartilage 206:214 arg1 degradation 191:201 biochemically mediated degradation 168:201 biochemically mediated degradation of cartilage 168:214 BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis may result from abnormal mechanics leading to biochemically mediated degradation of cartilage. 26329795 6 23 theme GAG 994:996 arg1 loss 986:989 progressive loss 974:989 progressive loss of GAG 974:996 GAG content can normally vary with mechanical loading; however, progressive loss of GAG is associated with osteoarthritis. 26329795 5 24 with measure 834:840 arg1 values 874:879 lower values 868:879 lower values indicating less GAG content 868:907 The dGEMRIC index represents an indirect measure of GAG concentration with lower values indicating less GAG content. 26329795 13 25 theme % 2276:2276 arg1 CI 2278:2279 95% CI 2274:2279 95% CI 2274:2279 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 13 26 theme 95 2274:2275 arg1 % 2276:2276 % 2276:2276 % 2276:2276 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 9 27 contain had 1684:1686 arg1 study 1534:1538 This prospective study 1517:1538 This prospective study 1517:1538 METHODS This prospective study included 37 hips in 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia and had preoperative and 1-year follow up dGEMRIC scans. 26329795 9 27 contain had 1684:1686 arg2 1-year 1705:1710 1-year 1705:1710 1-year 1705:1710 METHODS This prospective study included 37 hips in 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia and had preoperative and 1-year follow up dGEMRIC scans. 26329795 9 27 contain had 1684:1686 arg2 preoperative 1688:1699 preoperative 1688:1699 preoperative 1688:1699 METHODS This prospective study included 37 hips in 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia and had preoperative and 1-year follow up dGEMRIC scans. 26329795 5 28 theme lower 868:872 arg1 values 874:879 lower values 868:879 lower values indicating less GAG content 868:907 The dGEMRIC index represents an indirect measure of GAG concentration with lower values indicating less GAG content. 26329795 16 29 from increase 2857:2864 arg1 layer 2885:2889 the superficial layer 2869:2889 the superficial layer of the superior zone 2869:2910 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 21 30 theme similar 3938:3944 arg1 manner 3946:3951 a similar manner 3936:3951 a similar manner to using histological methods to study alterations in articular cartilage with mechanical loading 3936:4049 CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study looks at the biochemical changes in the articular cartilage before and after a PAO for dysplastic hips using MRI in a similar manner to using histological methods to study alterations in articular cartilage with mechanical loading. 26329795 20 31 theme mechanical 3680:3689 arg1 load 3691:3694 increased mechanical load 3670:3694 increased mechanical load seen in this region after osteotomy, which may be a normal response to alteration in loading 3670:3787 The decrease in dGEMRIC index in the deep layer seen mainly near the superior part of the joint is persistent and may represent a response of articular cartilage to normalization of increased mechanical load seen in this region after osteotomy, which may be a normal response to alteration in loading. 26329795 17 32 theme greater 3072:3078 arg1 effect 3080:3085 a greater effect 3070:3085 a greater effect on the superficial zone compared with the deeper acetabular cartilage zone 3070:3160 CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that PAO may alter the GAG content of the articular cartilage with a greater effect on the superficial zone compared with the deeper acetabular cartilage zone, especially at the superior aspect of the joint. 26329795 11 33 theme < 1882:1882 arg1 20° 1884:1886 lateral center-edge angle < 20° 1856:1886 lateral center-edge angle < 20° 1856:1886 Patients were eligible if they had symptomatic acetabular dysplasia with lateral center-edge angle < 20° and no or minimal osteoarthritis. 26329795 21 34 theme dysplastic 3907:3916 arg1 hips 3918:3921 dysplastic hips 3907:3921 dysplastic hips using MRI in a similar manner to using histological methods to study alterations in articular cartilage with mechanical loading 3907:4049 CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study looks at the biochemical changes in the articular cartilage before and after a PAO for dysplastic hips using MRI in a similar manner to using histological methods to study alterations in articular cartilage with mechanical loading. 26329795 17 35 theme joint 3204:3208 arg1 aspect 3190:3195 the superior aspect 3177:3195 the superior aspect of the joint 3177:3208 CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that PAO may alter the GAG content of the articular cartilage with a greater effect on the superficial zone compared with the deeper acetabular cartilage zone, especially at the superior aspect of the joint. 26329795 16 36 theme superficial 2873:2883 arg1 layer 2885:2889 the superficial layer 2869:2889 the superficial layer of the superior zone 2869:2910 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 14 37 theme 143 2516:2518 arg1 msec 2520:2523 468 ± 143 msec 2510:2523 468 ± 143 msec 2510:2523 In the deep acetabular cartilage zone, dGEMRIC index fell from 527 ± 148 msec preoperatively to 468 ± 143 msec at Year 1 (95% CI, -66 to -30; p < 0.001) and recovered to 494 ± 125 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 5-32; p = 0.008). 26329795 12 38 theme superficial 1978:1988 arg1 zones 2009:2013 the superficial and deep cartilage zones 1974:2013 the superficial and deep cartilage zones 1974:2013 The change in dGEMRIC after surgery was assessed in the superficial and deep cartilage zones at five acetabular radial planes. 26329795 20 39 theme dGEMRIC 3504:3510 arg1 index 3512:3516 dGEMRIC index 3504:3516 dGEMRIC index in the deep layer 3504:3534 The decrease in dGEMRIC index in the deep layer seen mainly near the superior part of the joint is persistent and may represent a response of articular cartilage to normalization of increased mechanical load seen in this region after osteotomy, which may be a normal response to alteration in loading. 26329795 11 40 theme center-edge 1864:1874 arg1 20° 1884:1886 lateral center-edge angle < 20° 1856:1886 lateral center-edge angle < 20° 1856:1886 Patients were eligible if they had symptomatic acetabular dysplasia with lateral center-edge angle < 20° and no or minimal osteoarthritis. 26329795 14 41 theme 468 2510:2512 arg1 msec 2520:2523 468 ± 143 msec 2510:2523 468 ± 143 msec 2510:2523 In the deep acetabular cartilage zone, dGEMRIC index fell from 527 ± 148 msec preoperatively to 468 ± 143 msec at Year 1 (95% CI, -66 to -30; p < 0.001) and recovered to 494 ± 125 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 5-32; p = 0.008). 26329795 19 42 theme dGEMRIC 3341:3347 arg1 index 3349:3353 dGEMRIC index 3341:3353 dGEMRIC index seen in the superficial layer 3341:3383 Perhaps the decrease in dGEMRIC index seen in the superficial layer may be a catabolic response to postsurgical inflammation given that some recovery was seen at 2 years. 26329795 4 43 theme noninvasive 743:753 arg1 measurement 755:765 noninvasive measurement 743:765 noninvasive measurement of cartilage GAG content 743:790 Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) enables noninvasive measurement of cartilage GAG content. 26329795 9 44 dep preoperative 1688:1699 arg1 follow 1712:1717 follow 1712:1717 follow up dGEMRIC scans 1712:1734 METHODS This prospective study included 37 hips in 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia and had preoperative and 1-year follow up dGEMRIC scans. 26329795 1 45 theme abnormal 138:145 arg1 mechanics 147:155 abnormal mechanics 138:155 abnormal mechanics leading to biochemically mediated degradation of cartilage 138:214 BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis may result from abnormal mechanics leading to biochemically mediated degradation of cartilage. 26329795 12 46 theme deep 1994:1997 arg1 zones 2009:2013 the superficial and deep cartilage zones 1974:2013 the superficial and deep cartilage zones 1974:2013 The change in dGEMRIC after surgery was assessed in the superficial and deep cartilage zones at five acetabular radial planes. 26329795 9 47 theme symptomatic 1647:1657 arg1 dysplasia 1670:1678 symptomatic acetabular dysplasia 1647:1678 symptomatic acetabular dysplasia 1647:1678 METHODS This prospective study included 37 hips in 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia and had preoperative and 1-year follow up dGEMRIC scans. 26329795 16 48 theme superior 2898:2905 arg1 zone 2907:2910 the superior zone 2894:2910 the superior zone 2894:2910 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 0 49 theme articular 64:72 arg1 cartilage 74:82 the articular cartilage 60:82 the articular cartilage of the hip 60:93 Does periacetabular osteotomy have depth-related effects on the articular cartilage of the hip? 26329795 14 50 theme 494 2584:2586 arg1 msec 2594:2597 494 ± 125 msec 2584:2597 494 ± 125 msec 2584:2597 In the deep acetabular cartilage zone, dGEMRIC index fell from 527 ± 148 msec preoperatively to 468 ± 143 msec at Year 1 (95% CI, -66 to -30; p < 0.001) and recovered to 494 ± 125 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 5-32; p = 0.008). 26329795 20 51 theme normal 3748:3753 arg1 response 3755:3762 a normal response 3746:3762 a normal response to alteration in loading 3746:3787 The decrease in dGEMRIC index in the deep layer seen mainly near the superior part of the joint is persistent and may represent a response of articular cartilage to normalization of increased mechanical load seen in this region after osteotomy, which may be a normal response to alteration in loading. 26329795 20 51 theme normal 3748:3753 arg1 osteotomy 3722:3730 osteotomy 3722:3730 osteotomy 3722:3730 The decrease in dGEMRIC index in the deep layer seen mainly near the superior part of the joint is persistent and may represent a response of articular cartilage to normalization of increased mechanical load seen in this region after osteotomy, which may be a normal response to alteration in loading. 26329795 21 52 dep RELEVANCE 3799:3807 arg1 looks 3820:3824 looks 3820:3824 looks at the biochemical changes in the articular cartilage before and after a PAO for dysplastic hips using MRI in a similar manner to using histological methods to study alterations in articular cartilage with mechanical loading 3820:4049 CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study looks at the biochemical changes in the articular cartilage before and after a PAO for dysplastic hips using MRI in a similar manner to using histological methods to study alterations in articular cartilage with mechanical loading. 26329795 5 53 theme dGEMRIC 797:803 arg1 index 805:809 The dGEMRIC index 793:809 The dGEMRIC index 793:809 The dGEMRIC index represents an indirect measure of GAG concentration with lower values indicating less GAG content. 26329795 13 54 dep RESULTS 2049:2055 arg1 index 2079:2083 The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index 2057:2083 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone 2049:2107 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 21 55 theme mechanical 4032:4041 arg1 loading 4043:4049 mechanical loading 4032:4049 mechanical loading 4032:4049 CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study looks at the biochemical changes in the articular cartilage before and after a PAO for dysplastic hips using MRI in a similar manner to using histological methods to study alterations in articular cartilage with mechanical loading. 26329795 8 56 theme zone 1432:1435 arg1 content 1441:1447 the superficial and deep zone GAG content 1407:1447 the superficial and deep zone GAG content 1407:1447 QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We (1) measured the GAG content in the superficial and deep zones for the entire joint before and after PAO; and (2) investigated if the changes in the superficial and deep zone GAG content after PAO varied with different locations within the joint. 26329795 19 57 theme catabolic 3394:3402 arg1 response 3404:3411 a catabolic response 3392:3411 a catabolic response to postsurgical inflammation given that some recovery was seen at 2 years 3392:3485 Perhaps the decrease in dGEMRIC index seen in the superficial layer may be a catabolic response to postsurgical inflammation given that some recovery was seen at 2 years. 26329795 19 57 theme catabolic 3394:3402 arg1 decrease 3329:3336 Perhaps the decrease 3317:3336 Perhaps the decrease in dGEMRIC index seen in the superficial layer 3317:3383 Perhaps the decrease in dGEMRIC index seen in the superficial layer may be a catabolic response to postsurgical inflammation given that some recovery was seen at 2 years. 26329795 8 58 theme entire 1333:1338 arg1 joint 1340:1344 the entire joint 1329:1344 the entire joint 1329:1344 QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We (1) measured the GAG content in the superficial and deep zones for the entire joint before and after PAO; and (2) investigated if the changes in the superficial and deep zone GAG content after PAO varied with different locations within the joint. 26329795 0 59 theme hip 91:93 arg1 cartilage 74:82 the articular cartilage 60:82 the articular cartilage of the hip 60:93 Does periacetabular osteotomy have depth-related effects on the articular cartilage of the hip? 26329795 21 60 theme CLINICAL 3790:3797 arg1 RELEVANCE 3799:3807 CLINICAL RELEVANCE 3790:3807 CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study looks at the biochemical changes in the articular cartilage before and after a PAO for dysplastic hips using MRI in a similar manner to using histological methods to study alterations in articular cartilage with mechanical loading. 3790:4050 CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study looks at the biochemical changes in the articular cartilage before and after a PAO for dysplastic hips using MRI in a similar manner to using histological methods to study alterations in articular cartilage with mechanical loading. 26329795 13 61 theme 451 2248:2250 arg1 msec 2258:2261 451 ± 115 msec 2248:2261 451 ± 115 msec 2248:2261 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 21 62 theme histological 3962:3973 arg1 methods 3975:3981 histological methods 3962:3981 histological methods 3962:3981 CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study looks at the biochemical changes in the articular cartilage before and after a PAO for dysplastic hips using MRI in a similar manner to using histological methods to study alterations in articular cartilage with mechanical loading. 26329795 17 63 dep CONCLUSIONS 2971:2981 arg1 suggests 2994:3001 suggests 2994:3001 suggests that PAO may alter the GAG content of the articular cartilage with a greater effect on the superficial zone compared with the deeper acetabular cartilage zone, especially at the superior aspect of the joint 2994:3208 CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that PAO may alter the GAG content of the articular cartilage with a greater effect on the superficial zone compared with the deeper acetabular cartilage zone, especially at the superior aspect of the joint. 26329795 8 64 from changes 1396:1402 arg1 content 1441:1447 the superficial and deep zone GAG content 1407:1447 the superficial and deep zone GAG content 1407:1447 QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We (1) measured the GAG content in the superficial and deep zones for the entire joint before and after PAO; and (2) investigated if the changes in the superficial and deep zone GAG content after PAO varied with different locations within the joint. 26329795 13 65 theme 115 2254:2256 arg1 msec 2258:2261 451 ± 115 msec 2248:2261 451 ± 115 msec 2248:2261 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 14 66 theme ± 2481:2481 arg1 msec 2487:2490 527 ± 148 msec 2477:2490 527 ± 148 msec 2477:2490 In the deep acetabular cartilage zone, dGEMRIC index fell from 527 ± 148 msec preoperatively to 468 ± 143 msec at Year 1 (95% CI, -66 to -30; p < 0.001) and recovered to 494 ± 125 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 5-32; p = 0.008). 26329795 17 67 with content 3030:3036 arg1 effect 3080:3085 a greater effect 3070:3085 a greater effect on the superficial zone compared with the deeper acetabular cartilage zone 3070:3160 CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that PAO may alter the GAG content of the articular cartilage with a greater effect on the superficial zone compared with the deeper acetabular cartilage zone, especially at the superior aspect of the joint. 26329795 14 68 dep CI 2540:2541 arg1 < 2558:2558 p < 0.001 2556:2564 p < 0.001 2556:2564 In the deep acetabular cartilage zone, dGEMRIC index fell from 527 ± 148 msec preoperatively to 468 ± 143 msec at Year 1 (95% CI, -66 to -30; p < 0.001) and recovered to 494 ± 125 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 5-32; p = 0.008). 26329795 2 69 theme cartilage 373:381 arg1 composition 395:405 the cartilage biochemical composition 369:405 the cartilage biochemical composition 369:405 In a dysplastic hip, the periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is designed to normalize the mechanics and our initial analysis suggests that it may also alter the cartilage biochemical composition. 26329795 13 70 theme transient 2328:2336 arg1 event 2338:2342 a transient event 2326:2342 a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG 2326:2411 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 13 71 dep CI 2278:2279 arg1 p 2289:2289 p < 0.001 2289:2297 p < 0.001 2289:2297 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 8 72 from content 1283:1289 arg1 zones 1319:1323 the superficial and deep zones 1294:1323 the superficial and deep zones for the entire joint 1294:1344 QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We (1) measured the GAG content in the superficial and deep zones for the entire joint before and after PAO; and (2) investigated if the changes in the superficial and deep zone GAG content after PAO varied with different locations within the joint. 26329795 20 73 from alteration 3767:3776 arg1 loading 3781:3787 loading 3781:3787 loading 3781:3787 The decrease in dGEMRIC index in the deep layer seen mainly near the superior part of the joint is persistent and may represent a response of articular cartilage to normalization of increased mechanical load seen in this region after osteotomy, which may be a normal response to alteration in loading. 26329795 9 74 theme dGEMRIC 1722:1728 arg1 scans 1730:1734 dGEMRIC scans 1722:1734 dGEMRIC scans 1722:1734 METHODS This prospective study included 37 hips in 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia and had preoperative and 1-year follow up dGEMRIC scans. 26329795 16 75 theme 2 2936:2936 arg1 year 2938:2941 year 2938:2941 year 2938:2941 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 4 76 theme GAG 780:782 arg1 content 784:790 cartilage GAG content 770:790 cartilage GAG content 770:790 Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) enables noninvasive measurement of cartilage GAG content. 26329795 5 77 theme concentration 849:861 arg1 measure 834:840 an indirect measure 822:840 an indirect measure of GAG concentration with lower values indicating less GAG content 822:907 The dGEMRIC index represents an indirect measure of GAG concentration with lower values indicating less GAG content. 26329795 13 78 theme ± 2123:2123 arg1 msec 2129:2132 480 ± 137 msec 2119:2132 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively 2119:2147 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 15 79 theme superior 2776:2783 arg1 part 2785:2788 the superior part 2772:2788 the superior part of the joint 2772:2801 When each acetabular radial plane was looked at separately, the change from before surgery to 1 year after was confined to zones around the superior part of the joint. 26329795 3 80 theme cartilage 418:426 arg1 structure 428:436 Articular cartilage structure 408:436 Articular cartilage structure 408:436 Articular cartilage structure and biology vary with the depth from the articular surface including the concentration of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), which are the charge macromolecules that are rapidly turned over and are lost in early osteoarthritis. 26329795 11 81 theme symptomatic 1818:1828 arg1 dysplasia 1841:1849 symptomatic acetabular dysplasia 1818:1849 symptomatic acetabular dysplasia with lateral center-edge angle < 20° and no or minimal osteoarthritis 1818:1919 Patients were eligible if they had symptomatic acetabular dysplasia with lateral center-edge angle < 20° and no or minimal osteoarthritis. 26329795 0 82 theme depth-related 35:47 arg1 effects 49:55 depth-related effects 35:55 depth-related effects 35:55 Does periacetabular osteotomy have depth-related effects on the articular cartilage of the hip? 26329795 7 83 theme further 1144:1150 arg1 insights 1152:1159 further insights 1144:1159 further insights into the types of biologic events that are occurring in the joint after a PAO 1144:1237 By looking at the changes in amounts of GAG in response to a PAO at different depths of cartilage, we may gain further insights into the types of biologic events that are occurring in the joint after a PAO. 26329795 9 84 theme prospective 1522:1532 arg1 study 1534:1538 This prospective study 1517:1538 This prospective study 1517:1538 METHODS This prospective study included 37 hips in 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia and had preoperative and 1-year follow up dGEMRIC scans. 26329795 16 85 theme 117 2949:2951 arg1 msec 2953:2956 2 year 453 ± 117 msec 2936:2956 2 year 453 ± 117 msec 2936:2956 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 16 85 theme 117 2949:2951 arg1 p 2959:2959 p 2959:2959 p < 0.006 2959:2967 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 13 86 from index 2079:2083 arg1 zone 2104:2107 the superficial zone 2088:2107 the superficial zone 2088:2107 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 10 87 theme 37 1757:1758 arg1 Twenty-eight 1737:1748 Twenty-eight 1737:1748 Twenty-eight of the 37 1737:1758 Twenty-eight of the 37 also had 2-year scans. 26329795 5 88 theme indirect 825:832 arg1 measure 834:840 an indirect measure 822:840 an indirect measure of GAG concentration with lower values indicating less GAG content 822:907 The dGEMRIC index represents an indirect measure of GAG concentration with lower values indicating less GAG content. 26329795 17 89 from effect 3080:3085 arg1 zone 3106:3109 the superficial zone 3090:3109 the superficial zone compared with the deeper acetabular cartilage zone 3090:3160 CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that PAO may alter the GAG content of the articular cartilage with a greater effect on the superficial zone compared with the deeper acetabular cartilage zone, especially at the superior aspect of the joint. 26329795 13 90 theme < 2222:2222 arg1 p 2220:2220 p < 0.001 2220:2228 p < 0.001 2220:2228 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 14 91 theme cartilage 2437:2445 arg1 zone 2447:2450 the deep acetabular cartilage zone 2417:2450 the deep acetabular cartilage zone 2417:2450 In the deep acetabular cartilage zone, dGEMRIC index fell from 527 ± 148 msec preoperatively to 468 ± 143 msec at Year 1 (95% CI, -66 to -30; p < 0.001) and recovered to 494 ± 125 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 5-32; p = 0.008). 26329795 20 92 theme cartilage 3640:3648 arg1 response 3618:3625 a response 3616:3625 a response of articular cartilage to normalization of increased mechanical load seen in this region after osteotomy, which may be a normal response to alteration in loading 3616:3787 The decrease in dGEMRIC index in the deep layer seen mainly near the superior part of the joint is persistent and may represent a response of articular cartilage to normalization of increased mechanical load seen in this region after osteotomy, which may be a normal response to alteration in loading. 26329795 3 93 theme articular 479:487 arg1 surface 489:495 the articular surface 475:495 the articular surface 475:495 Articular cartilage structure and biology vary with the depth from the articular surface including the concentration of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), which are the charge macromolecules that are rapidly turned over and are lost in early osteoarthritis. 26329795 20 94 from index 3512:3516 arg1 layer 3530:3534 the deep layer 3521:3534 the deep layer 3521:3534 The decrease in dGEMRIC index in the deep layer seen mainly near the superior part of the joint is persistent and may represent a response of articular cartilage to normalization of increased mechanical load seen in this region after osteotomy, which may be a normal response to alteration in loading. 26329795 13 95 theme SD 2068:2069 arg1 index 2079:2083 The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index 2057:2083 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone 2049:2107 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 8 96 dep measured 1266:1273 arg1 1 1263:1263 1 1263:1263 1 1263:1263 QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We (1) measured the GAG content in the superficial and deep zones for the entire joint before and after PAO; and (2) investigated if the changes in the superficial and deep zone GAG content after PAO varied with different locations within the joint. 26329795 8 97 theme GAG 1279:1281 arg1 content 1283:1289 the GAG content 1275:1289 the GAG content in the superficial and deep zones for the entire joint 1275:1344 QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We (1) measured the GAG content in the superficial and deep zones for the entire joint before and after PAO; and (2) investigated if the changes in the superficial and deep zone GAG content after PAO varied with different locations within the joint. 26329795 10 98 contain had 1765:1767 arg1 Twenty-eight 1737:1748 Twenty-eight 1737:1748 Twenty-eight of the 37 1737:1758 Twenty-eight of the 37 also had 2-year scans. 26329795 10 98 contain had 1765:1767 arg2 scans 1776:1780 2-year scans 1769:1780 2-year scans 1769:1780 Twenty-eight of the 37 also had 2-year scans. 26329795 14 99 theme 95 2610:2611 arg1 % 2612:2612 % 2612:2612 % 2612:2612 In the deep acetabular cartilage zone, dGEMRIC index fell from 527 ± 148 msec preoperatively to 468 ± 143 msec at Year 1 (95% CI, -66 to -30; p < 0.001) and recovered to 494 ± 125 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 5-32; p = 0.008). 26329795 11 100 theme acetabular 1830:1839 arg1 dysplasia 1841:1849 symptomatic acetabular dysplasia 1818:1849 symptomatic acetabular dysplasia with lateral center-edge angle < 20° and no or minimal osteoarthritis 1818:1919 Patients were eligible if they had symptomatic acetabular dysplasia with lateral center-edge angle < 20° and no or minimal osteoarthritis. 26329795 13 101 dep Year 2170:2173 arg1 -54 2215:2217 -54 2215:2217 -54 2215:2217 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 3 102 theme glycosaminoglycans 528:545 arg1 concentration 511:523 the concentration 507:523 the concentration of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), which are the charge macromolecules that are rapidly turned over and are lost in early osteoarthritis 507:654 Articular cartilage structure and biology vary with the depth from the articular surface including the concentration of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), which are the charge macromolecules that are rapidly turned over and are lost in early osteoarthritis. 26329795 12 103 theme acetabular 2023:2032 arg1 planes 2041:2046 five acetabular radial planes 2018:2046 five acetabular radial planes 2018:2046 The change in dGEMRIC after surgery was assessed in the superficial and deep cartilage zones at five acetabular radial planes. 26329795 16 104 theme year 2915:2918 arg1 msec 2930:2933 1 year 374 ± 123 msec 2913:2933 1 year 374 ± 123 msec 2913:2933 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 7 105 theme cartilage 1121:1129 arg1 depths 1111:1116 different depths 1101:1116 different depths of cartilage 1101:1129 By looking at the changes in amounts of GAG in response to a PAO at different depths of cartilage, we may gain further insights into the types of biologic events that are occurring in the joint after a PAO. 26329795 3 106 theme early 635:639 arg1 osteoarthritis 641:654 early osteoarthritis 635:654 early osteoarthritis 635:654 Articular cartilage structure and biology vary with the depth from the articular surface including the concentration of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), which are the charge macromolecules that are rapidly turned over and are lost in early osteoarthritis. 26329795 16 107 theme ± 2924:2924 arg1 msec 2930:2933 1 year 374 ± 123 msec 2913:2933 1 year 374 ± 123 msec 2913:2933 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 0 108 contain have 30:33 arg1 osteotomy 20:28 periacetabular osteotomy 5:28 periacetabular osteotomy 5:28 Does periacetabular osteotomy have depth-related effects on the articular cartilage of the hip? 26329795 0 108 contain have 30:33 arg2 effects 49:55 depth-related effects 35:55 depth-related effects 35:55 Does periacetabular osteotomy have depth-related effects on the articular cartilage of the hip? 26329795 13 109 theme mean 2061:2064 arg1 SD 2068:2069 The mean ± SD 2057:2069 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone 2049:2107 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 21 110 from changes 3845:3851 arg1 cartilage 3870:3878 the articular cartilage 3856:3878 the articular cartilage 3856:3878 CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study looks at the biochemical changes in the articular cartilage before and after a PAO for dysplastic hips using MRI in a similar manner to using histological methods to study alterations in articular cartilage with mechanical loading. 26329795 15 111 theme joint 2797:2801 arg1 part 2785:2788 the superior part 2772:2788 the superior part of the joint 2772:2801 When each acetabular radial plane was looked at separately, the change from before surgery to 1 year after was confined to zones around the superior part of the joint. 26329795 9 112 theme age 1578:1580 arg1 patients 1563:1570 37 patients 1560:1570 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia 1560:1678 METHODS This prospective study included 37 hips in 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia and had preoperative and 1-year follow up dGEMRIC scans. 26329795 9 112 theme age 1578:1580 arg1 years 1589:1593 mean age 26 ± 9 years 1573:1593 mean age 26 ± 9 years 1573:1593 METHODS This prospective study included 37 hips in 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia and had preoperative and 1-year follow up dGEMRIC scans. 26329795 21 113 with cartilage 4017:4025 arg1 loading 4043:4049 mechanical loading 4032:4049 mechanical loading 4032:4049 CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study looks at the biochemical changes in the articular cartilage before and after a PAO for dysplastic hips using MRI in a similar manner to using histological methods to study alterations in articular cartilage with mechanical loading. 26329795 17 114 theme deeper 3129:3134 arg1 zone 3157:3160 the deeper acetabular cartilage zone 3125:3160 the deeper acetabular cartilage zone 3125:3160 CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that PAO may alter the GAG content of the articular cartilage with a greater effect on the superficial zone compared with the deeper acetabular cartilage zone, especially at the superior aspect of the joint. 26329795 14 115 theme ± 2588:2588 arg1 msec 2594:2597 494 ± 125 msec 2584:2597 494 ± 125 msec 2584:2597 In the deep acetabular cartilage zone, dGEMRIC index fell from 527 ± 148 msec preoperatively to 468 ± 143 msec at Year 1 (95% CI, -66 to -30; p < 0.001) and recovered to 494 ± 125 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 5-32; p = 0.008). 26329795 11 116 theme minimal 1898:1904 arg1 osteoarthritis 1906:1919 minimal osteoarthritis 1898:1919 minimal osteoarthritis 1898:1919 Patients were eligible if they had symptomatic acetabular dysplasia with lateral center-edge angle < 20° and no or minimal osteoarthritis. 26329795 13 117 dep -54 2215:2217 arg1 to 2212:2213 to 2212:2213 to 2212:2213 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 13 117 dep -54 2215:2217 arg1 p 2220:2220 p < 0.001 2220:2228 p < 0.001 2220:2228 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 1 118 theme mediated 182:189 arg1 degradation 191:201 biochemically mediated degradation 168:201 biochemically mediated degradation of cartilage 168:214 BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis may result from abnormal mechanics leading to biochemically mediated degradation of cartilage. 26329795 9 119 theme ± 1585:1585 arg1 patients 1563:1570 37 patients 1560:1570 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia 1560:1678 METHODS This prospective study included 37 hips in 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia and had preoperative and 1-year follow up dGEMRIC scans. 26329795 9 119 theme ± 1585:1585 arg1 years 1589:1593 mean age 26 ± 9 years 1573:1593 mean age 26 ± 9 years 1573:1593 METHODS This prospective study included 37 hips in 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia and had preoperative and 1-year follow up dGEMRIC scans. 26329795 14 120 theme % 2538:2538 arg1 CI 2540:2541 95% CI 2536:2541 95% CI 2536:2541 In the deep acetabular cartilage zone, dGEMRIC index fell from 527 ± 148 msec preoperatively to 468 ± 143 msec at Year 1 (95% CI, -66 to -30; p < 0.001) and recovered to 494 ± 125 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 5-32; p = 0.008). 26329795 14 120 theme % 2538:2538 arg1 Year 2528:2531 Year 1 2528:2533 Year 1 (95% CI, -66 to -30; p < 0.001) 2528:2565 In the deep acetabular cartilage zone, dGEMRIC index fell from 527 ± 148 msec preoperatively to 468 ± 143 msec at Year 1 (95% CI, -66 to -30; p < 0.001) and recovered to 494 ± 125 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 5-32; p = 0.008). 26329795 4 121 theme Delayed 657:663 arg1 imaging 704:710 Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging 657:710 Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) 657:733 Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) enables noninvasive measurement of cartilage GAG content. 26329795 4 121 theme Delayed 657:663 arg1 dGEMRIC 726:732 dGEMRIC 726:732 dGEMRIC 726:732 Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) enables noninvasive measurement of cartilage GAG content. 26329795 13 122 theme % 2180:2180 arg1 Year 2170:2173 Year 1 2170:2175 Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) 2170:2229 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 13 122 theme % 2180:2180 arg1 [CI 2202:2204 95% confidence interval [CI 2178:2204 95% confidence interval [CI 2178:2204 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 3 123 from surface 489:495 arg1 depth 464:468 the depth 460:468 the depth from the articular surface including the concentration of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), which are the charge macromolecules that are rapidly turned over and are lost in early osteoarthritis 460:654 Articular cartilage structure and biology vary with the depth from the articular surface including the concentration of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), which are the charge macromolecules that are rapidly turned over and are lost in early osteoarthritis. 26329795 3 124 theme charge 568:573 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 528:545 glycosaminoglycans 528:545 glycosaminoglycans (GAG) 528:551 Articular cartilage structure and biology vary with the depth from the articular surface including the concentration of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), which are the charge macromolecules that are rapidly turned over and are lost in early osteoarthritis. 26329795 3 124 theme charge 568:573 arg1 macromolecules 575:588 the charge macromolecules 564:588 the charge macromolecules that are rapidly turned over and are lost in early osteoarthritis 564:654 Articular cartilage structure and biology vary with the depth from the articular surface including the concentration of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), which are the charge macromolecules that are rapidly turned over and are lost in early osteoarthritis. 26329795 13 125 theme interval 2193:2200 arg1 Year 2170:2173 Year 1 2170:2175 Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) 2170:2229 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 13 125 theme interval 2193:2200 arg1 [CI 2202:2204 95% confidence interval [CI 2178:2204 95% confidence interval [CI 2178:2204 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 20 126 theme deep 3525:3528 arg1 layer 3530:3534 the deep layer 3521:3534 the deep layer 3521:3534 The decrease in dGEMRIC index in the deep layer seen mainly near the superior part of the joint is persistent and may represent a response of articular cartilage to normalization of increased mechanical load seen in this region after osteotomy, which may be a normal response to alteration in loading. 26329795 20 127 theme increased 3670:3678 arg1 load 3691:3694 increased mechanical load 3670:3694 increased mechanical load seen in this region after osteotomy, which may be a normal response to alteration in loading 3670:3787 The decrease in dGEMRIC index in the deep layer seen mainly near the superior part of the joint is persistent and may represent a response of articular cartilage to normalization of increased mechanical load seen in this region after osteotomy, which may be a normal response to alteration in loading. 26329795 4 128 theme magnetic 685:692 arg1 resonance 694:702 gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance 665:702 Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) 657:733 Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) enables noninvasive measurement of cartilage GAG content. 26329795 17 129 theme cartilage 3055:3063 arg1 content 3030:3036 the GAG content 3022:3036 the GAG content of the articular cartilage with a greater effect on the superficial zone compared with the deeper acetabular cartilage zone 3022:3160 CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that PAO may alter the GAG content of the articular cartilage with a greater effect on the superficial zone compared with the deeper acetabular cartilage zone, especially at the superior aspect of the joint. 26329795 18 130 theme joint 3297:3301 arg1 degeneration 3303:3314 joint degeneration 3297:3314 joint degeneration 3297:3314 Some surgeons have observed that surgery itself can be a stressor that can accelerate joint degeneration. 26329795 13 131 theme 34-65 2282:2286 arg1 CI 2278:2279 95% CI 2274:2279 95% CI 2274:2279 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 20 132 theme load 3691:3694 arg1 normalization 3653:3665 normalization 3653:3665 normalization of increased mechanical load seen in this region after osteotomy, which may be a normal response to alteration in loading 3653:3787 The decrease in dGEMRIC index in the deep layer seen mainly near the superior part of the joint is persistent and may represent a response of articular cartilage to normalization of increased mechanical load seen in this region after osteotomy, which may be a normal response to alteration in loading. 26329795 12 133 theme cartilage 1999:2007 arg1 zones 2009:2013 the superficial and deep cartilage zones 1974:2013 the superficial and deep cartilage zones 1974:2013 The change in dGEMRIC after surgery was assessed in the superficial and deep cartilage zones at five acetabular radial planes. 26329795 15 134 theme acetabular 2646:2655 arg1 plane 2664:2668 each acetabular radial plane 2641:2668 each acetabular radial plane 2641:2668 When each acetabular radial plane was looked at separately, the change from before surgery to 1 year after was confined to zones around the superior part of the joint. 26329795 11 135 with dysplasia 1841:1849 arg1 no 1892:1893 no 1892:1893 no 1892:1893 Patients were eligible if they had symptomatic acetabular dysplasia with lateral center-edge angle < 20° and no or minimal osteoarthritis. 26329795 11 135 with dysplasia 1841:1849 arg1 20° 1884:1886 lateral center-edge angle < 20° 1856:1886 lateral center-edge angle < 20° 1856:1886 Patients were eligible if they had symptomatic acetabular dysplasia with lateral center-edge angle < 20° and no or minimal osteoarthritis. 26329795 11 136 theme angle 1876:1880 arg1 20° 1884:1886 lateral center-edge angle < 20° 1856:1886 lateral center-edge angle < 20° 1856:1886 Patients were eligible if they had symptomatic acetabular dysplasia with lateral center-edge angle < 20° and no or minimal osteoarthritis. 26329795 6 137 theme progressive 974:984 arg1 loss 986:989 progressive loss 974:989 progressive loss of GAG 974:996 GAG content can normally vary with mechanical loading; however, progressive loss of GAG is associated with osteoarthritis. 26329795 16 138 theme 1 2913:2913 arg1 year 2915:2918 year 2915:2918 year 2915:2918 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 14 139 theme p 2556:2556 arg1 < 2558:2558 p < 0.001 2556:2564 p < 0.001 2556:2564 In the deep acetabular cartilage zone, dGEMRIC index fell from 527 ± 148 msec preoperatively to 468 ± 143 msec at Year 1 (95% CI, -66 to -30; p < 0.001) and recovered to 494 ± 125 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 5-32; p = 0.008). 26329795 11 140 theme lateral 1856:1862 arg1 20° 1884:1886 lateral center-edge angle < 20° 1856:1886 lateral center-edge angle < 20° 1856:1886 Patients were eligible if they had symptomatic acetabular dysplasia with lateral center-edge angle < 20° and no or minimal osteoarthritis. 26329795 13 141 theme ± 2156:2156 arg1 msec 2162:2165 409 ± 119 msec 2152:2165 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) 2152:2229 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 16 142 from years 2844:2848 arg1 increase 2857:2864 an increase 2854:2864 an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone 2854:2910 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 16 142 from years 2844:2848 arg1 change 2825:2830 The only significant change 2804:2830 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years 2804:2848 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 15 143 theme radial 2657:2662 arg1 plane 2664:2668 each acetabular radial plane 2641:2668 each acetabular radial plane 2641:2668 When each acetabular radial plane was looked at separately, the change from before surgery to 1 year after was confined to zones around the superior part of the joint. 26329795 9 144 theme periacetabular 1618:1631 arg1 osteotomy 1633:1641 periacetabular osteotomy 1618:1641 periacetabular osteotomy 1618:1641 METHODS This prospective study included 37 hips in 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia and had preoperative and 1-year follow up dGEMRIC scans. 26329795 14 145 theme ± 2514:2514 arg1 msec 2520:2523 468 ± 143 msec 2510:2523 468 ± 143 msec 2510:2523 In the deep acetabular cartilage zone, dGEMRIC index fell from 527 ± 148 msec preoperatively to 468 ± 143 msec at Year 1 (95% CI, -66 to -30; p < 0.001) and recovered to 494 ± 125 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 5-32; p = 0.008). 26329795 20 146 theme superior 3557:3564 arg1 part 3566:3569 the superior part 3553:3569 the superior part of the joint 3553:3582 The decrease in dGEMRIC index in the deep layer seen mainly near the superior part of the joint is persistent and may represent a response of articular cartilage to normalization of increased mechanical load seen in this region after osteotomy, which may be a normal response to alteration in loading. 26329795 23 147 theme noninvasive 4184:4194 arg1 method 4196:4201 a noninvasive method 4182:4201 a noninvasive method of assessing these effects 4182:4228 dGEMRIC provides a noninvasive method of assessing these effects. 26329795 8 148 theme superficial 1411:1421 arg1 content 1441:1447 the superficial and deep zone GAG content 1407:1447 the superficial and deep zone GAG content 1407:1447 QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We (1) measured the GAG content in the superficial and deep zones for the entire joint before and after PAO; and (2) investigated if the changes in the superficial and deep zone GAG content after PAO varied with different locations within the joint. 26329795 19 149 theme superficial 3367:3377 arg1 layer 3379:3383 the superficial layer 3363:3383 the superficial layer 3363:3383 Perhaps the decrease in dGEMRIC index seen in the superficial layer may be a catabolic response to postsurgical inflammation given that some recovery was seen at 2 years. 26329795 21 150 theme articular 3860:3868 arg1 cartilage 3870:3878 the articular cartilage 3856:3878 the articular cartilage 3856:3878 CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study looks at the biochemical changes in the articular cartilage before and after a PAO for dysplastic hips using MRI in a similar manner to using histological methods to study alterations in articular cartilage with mechanical loading. 26329795 16 151 dep msec 2930:2933 arg1 msec 2953:2956 2 year 453 ± 117 msec 2936:2956 2 year 453 ± 117 msec 2936:2956 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 16 151 dep msec 2930:2933 arg1 p 2959:2959 p 2959:2959 p < 0.006 2959:2967 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 13 152 theme superficial 2383:2393 arg1 layer 2395:2399 the biologically sensitive superficial layer 2356:2399 the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG 2356:2411 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 21 153 theme biochemical 3833:3843 arg1 changes 3845:3851 the biochemical changes 3829:3851 the biochemical changes in the articular cartilage before and after a PAO for dysplastic hips using MRI in a similar manner to using histological methods to study alterations in articular cartilage with mechanical loading 3829:4049 CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study looks at the biochemical changes in the articular cartilage before and after a PAO for dysplastic hips using MRI in a similar manner to using histological methods to study alterations in articular cartilage with mechanical loading. 26329795 9 154 theme acetabular 1659:1668 arg1 dysplasia 1670:1678 symptomatic acetabular dysplasia 1647:1678 symptomatic acetabular dysplasia 1647:1678 METHODS This prospective study included 37 hips in 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia and had preoperative and 1-year follow up dGEMRIC scans. 26329795 8 155 theme deep 1427:1430 arg1 content 1441:1447 the superficial and deep zone GAG content 1407:1447 the superficial and deep zone GAG content 1407:1447 QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We (1) measured the GAG content in the superficial and deep zones for the entire joint before and after PAO; and (2) investigated if the changes in the superficial and deep zone GAG content after PAO varied with different locations within the joint. 26329795 9 156 dep METHODS 1509:1515 arg1 included 1540:1547 included 1540:1547 included 37 hips in 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia 1540:1678 METHODS This prospective study included 37 hips in 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia and had preoperative and 1-year follow up dGEMRIC scans. 26329795 9 156 dep METHODS 1509:1515 arg1 had 1684:1686 had 1684:1686 had preoperative and 1-year follow up dGEMRIC scans 1684:1734 METHODS This prospective study included 37 hips in 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia and had preoperative and 1-year follow up dGEMRIC scans. 26329795 19 157 from decrease 3329:3336 arg1 index 3349:3353 dGEMRIC index 3341:3353 dGEMRIC index seen in the superficial layer 3341:3383 Perhaps the decrease in dGEMRIC index seen in the superficial layer may be a catabolic response to postsurgical inflammation given that some recovery was seen at 2 years. 26329795 16 158 theme significant 2813:2823 arg1 increase 2857:2864 an increase 2854:2864 an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone 2854:2910 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 16 158 theme significant 2813:2823 arg1 change 2825:2830 The only significant change 2804:2830 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years 2804:2848 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 17 159 theme superior 3181:3188 arg1 aspect 3190:3195 the superior aspect 3177:3195 the superior aspect of the joint 3177:3208 CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that PAO may alter the GAG content of the articular cartilage with a greater effect on the superficial zone compared with the deeper acetabular cartilage zone, especially at the superior aspect of the joint. 26329795 8 160 theme GAG 1437:1439 arg1 content 1441:1447 the superficial and deep zone GAG content 1407:1447 the superficial and deep zone GAG content 1407:1447 QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We (1) measured the GAG content in the superficial and deep zones for the entire joint before and after PAO; and (2) investigated if the changes in the superficial and deep zone GAG content after PAO varied with different locations within the joint. 26329795 4 161 theme cartilage 715:723 arg1 imaging 704:710 Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging 657:710 Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) 657:733 Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) enables noninvasive measurement of cartilage GAG content. 26329795 4 161 theme cartilage 715:723 arg1 dGEMRIC 726:732 dGEMRIC 726:732 dGEMRIC 726:732 Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) enables noninvasive measurement of cartilage GAG content. 26329795 7 162 theme events 1188:1193 arg1 types 1170:1174 the types 1166:1174 the types of biologic events that are occurring in the joint after a PAO 1166:1237 By looking at the changes in amounts of GAG in response to a PAO at different depths of cartilage, we may gain further insights into the types of biologic events that are occurring in the joint after a PAO. 26329795 4 163 theme content 784:790 arg1 measurement 755:765 noninvasive measurement 743:765 noninvasive measurement of cartilage GAG content 743:790 Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) enables noninvasive measurement of cartilage GAG content. 26329795 8 164 theme superficial 1298:1308 arg1 zones 1319:1323 the superficial and deep zones 1294:1323 the superficial and deep zones for the entire joint 1294:1344 QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We (1) measured the GAG content in the superficial and deep zones for the entire joint before and after PAO; and (2) investigated if the changes in the superficial and deep zone GAG content after PAO varied with different locations within the joint. 26329795 14 165 theme deep 2421:2424 arg1 zone 2447:2450 the deep acetabular cartilage zone 2417:2450 the deep acetabular cartilage zone 2417:2450 In the deep acetabular cartilage zone, dGEMRIC index fell from 527 ± 148 msec preoperatively to 468 ± 143 msec at Year 1 (95% CI, -66 to -30; p < 0.001) and recovered to 494 ± 125 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 5-32; p = 0.008). 26329795 22 166 theme cartilage 4132:4140 arg1 biology 4142:4148 cartilage biology 4132:4148 cartilage biology 4132:4148 Although PAO alters alignment and orientation of the acetabulum, its effects on cartilage biology are not clear. 26329795 8 167 dep QUESTIONS/PURPOSES 1240:1257 arg1 measured 1266:1273 measured 1266:1273 measured the GAG content in the superficial and deep zones for the entire joint before and after PAO 1266:1365 QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We (1) measured the GAG content in the superficial and deep zones for the entire joint before and after PAO; and (2) investigated if the changes in the superficial and deep zone GAG content after PAO varied with different locations within the joint. 26329795 8 167 dep QUESTIONS/PURPOSES 1240:1257 arg1 2 1373:1373 2 1373:1373 2 1373:1373 QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We (1) measured the GAG content in the superficial and deep zones for the entire joint before and after PAO; and (2) investigated if the changes in the superficial and deep zone GAG content after PAO varied with different locations within the joint. 26329795 17 168 theme GAG 3026:3028 arg1 content 3030:3036 the GAG content 3022:3036 the GAG content of the articular cartilage with a greater effect on the superficial zone compared with the deeper acetabular cartilage zone 3022:3160 CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that PAO may alter the GAG content of the articular cartilage with a greater effect on the superficial zone compared with the deeper acetabular cartilage zone, especially at the superior aspect of the joint. 26329795 19 169 theme postsurgical 3416:3427 arg1 inflammation 3429:3440 postsurgical inflammation 3416:3440 postsurgical inflammation given that some recovery was seen at 2 years 3416:3485 Perhaps the decrease in dGEMRIC index seen in the superficial layer may be a catabolic response to postsurgical inflammation given that some recovery was seen at 2 years. 26329795 8 170 theme deep 1314:1317 arg1 zones 1319:1323 the superficial and deep zones 1294:1323 the superficial and deep zones for the entire joint 1294:1344 QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We (1) measured the GAG content in the superficial and deep zones for the entire joint before and after PAO; and (2) investigated if the changes in the superficial and deep zone GAG content after PAO varied with different locations within the joint. 26329795 2 171 theme biochemical 383:393 arg1 composition 395:405 the cartilage biochemical composition 369:405 the cartilage biochemical composition 369:405 In a dysplastic hip, the periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is designed to normalize the mechanics and our initial analysis suggests that it may also alter the cartilage biochemical composition. 26329795 0 172 theme periacetabular 5:18 arg1 osteotomy 20:28 periacetabular osteotomy 5:28 periacetabular osteotomy 5:28 Does periacetabular osteotomy have depth-related effects on the articular cartilage of the hip? 26329795 22 173 from effects 4121:4127 arg1 biology 4142:4148 cartilage biology 4132:4148 cartilage biology 4132:4148 Although PAO alters alignment and orientation of the acetabulum, its effects on cartilage biology are not clear. 26329795 11 174 contain had 1814:1816 arg1 they 1809:1812 they 1809:1812 they 1809:1812 Patients were eligible if they had symptomatic acetabular dysplasia with lateral center-edge angle < 20° and no or minimal osteoarthritis. 26329795 11 174 contain had 1814:1816 arg2 dysplasia 1841:1849 symptomatic acetabular dysplasia 1818:1849 symptomatic acetabular dysplasia with lateral center-edge angle < 20° and no or minimal osteoarthritis 1818:1919 Patients were eligible if they had symptomatic acetabular dysplasia with lateral center-edge angle < 20° and no or minimal osteoarthritis. 26329795 9 175 from hips 1552:1555 arg1 patients 1563:1570 37 patients 1560:1570 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia 1560:1678 METHODS This prospective study included 37 hips in 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia and had preoperative and 1-year follow up dGEMRIC scans. 26329795 9 175 from hips 1552:1555 arg1 years 1589:1593 mean age 26 ± 9 years 1573:1593 mean age 26 ± 9 years 1573:1593 METHODS This prospective study included 37 hips in 37 patients (mean age 26 ± 9 years) who were treated with periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia and had preoperative and 1-year follow up dGEMRIC scans. 26329795 14 176 theme 527 2477:2479 arg1 msec 2487:2490 527 ± 148 msec 2477:2490 527 ± 148 msec 2477:2490 In the deep acetabular cartilage zone, dGEMRIC index fell from 527 ± 148 msec preoperatively to 468 ± 143 msec at Year 1 (95% CI, -66 to -30; p < 0.001) and recovered to 494 ± 125 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 5-32; p = 0.008). 26329795 7 177 theme GAG 1073:1075 arg1 amounts 1062:1068 amounts 1062:1068 amounts of GAG 1062:1075 By looking at the changes in amounts of GAG in response to a PAO at different depths of cartilage, we may gain further insights into the types of biologic events that are occurring in the joint after a PAO. 26329795 7 177 theme GAG 1073:1075 arg1 GAG 1073:1075 GAG 1073:1075 GAG 1073:1075 By looking at the changes in amounts of GAG in response to a PAO at different depths of cartilage, we may gain further insights into the types of biologic events that are occurring in the joint after a PAO. 26329795 8 178 theme different 1471:1479 arg1 locations 1481:1489 different locations 1471:1489 different locations within the joint 1471:1506 QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We (1) measured the GAG content in the superficial and deep zones for the entire joint before and after PAO; and (2) investigated if the changes in the superficial and deep zone GAG content after PAO varied with different locations within the joint. 26329795 20 179 theme joint 3578:3582 arg1 part 3566:3569 the superior part 3553:3569 the superior part of the joint 3553:3582 The decrease in dGEMRIC index in the deep layer seen mainly near the superior part of the joint is persistent and may represent a response of articular cartilage to normalization of increased mechanical load seen in this region after osteotomy, which may be a normal response to alteration in loading. 26329795 5 180 theme GAG 845:847 arg1 concentration 849:861 GAG concentration 845:861 GAG concentration 845:861 The dGEMRIC index represents an indirect measure of GAG concentration with lower values indicating less GAG content. 26329795 14 181 dep -30 2551:2553 arg1 to 2548:2549 to 2548:2549 to 2548:2549 In the deep acetabular cartilage zone, dGEMRIC index fell from 527 ± 148 msec preoperatively to 468 ± 143 msec at Year 1 (95% CI, -66 to -30; p < 0.001) and recovered to 494 ± 125 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 5-32; p = 0.008). 26329795 1 182 theme BACKGROUND 96:105 arg1 Osteoarthritis 107:120 BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis 96:120 BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis 96:120 BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis may result from abnormal mechanics leading to biochemically mediated degradation of cartilage. 26329795 2 183 theme periacetabular 242:255 arg1 PAO 268:270 PAO 268:270 PAO 268:270 In a dysplastic hip, the periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is designed to normalize the mechanics and our initial analysis suggests that it may also alter the cartilage biochemical composition. 26329795 2 183 theme periacetabular 242:255 arg1 osteotomy 257:265 the periacetabular osteotomy 238:265 the periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) 238:271 In a dysplastic hip, the periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is designed to normalize the mechanics and our initial analysis suggests that it may also alter the cartilage biochemical composition. 26329795 16 184 theme ± 2947:2947 arg1 msec 2953:2956 2 year 453 ± 117 msec 2936:2956 2 year 453 ± 117 msec 2936:2956 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 16 184 theme ± 2947:2947 arg1 p 2959:2959 p 2959:2959 p < 0.006 2959:2967 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 13 185 theme ± 2252:2252 arg1 msec 2258:2261 451 ± 115 msec 2248:2261 451 ± 115 msec 2248:2261 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 10 186 theme 2-year 1769:1774 arg1 scans 1776:1780 2-year scans 1769:1780 2-year scans 1769:1780 Twenty-eight of the 37 also had 2-year scans. 26329795 4 187 theme cartilage 770:778 arg1 content 784:790 cartilage GAG content 770:790 cartilage GAG content 770:790 Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) enables noninvasive measurement of cartilage GAG content. 26329795 14 188 theme % 2612:2612 arg1 CI 2614:2615 95% CI 2610:2615 95% CI 2610:2615 In the deep acetabular cartilage zone, dGEMRIC index fell from 527 ± 148 msec preoperatively to 468 ± 143 msec at Year 1 (95% CI, -66 to -30; p < 0.001) and recovered to 494 ± 125 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 5-32; p = 0.008). 26329795 14 189 theme dGEMRIC 2453:2459 arg1 index 2461:2465 dGEMRIC index 2453:2465 dGEMRIC index 2453:2465 In the deep acetabular cartilage zone, dGEMRIC index fell from 527 ± 148 msec preoperatively to 468 ± 143 msec at Year 1 (95% CI, -66 to -30; p < 0.001) and recovered to 494 ± 125 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 5-32; p = 0.008). 26329795 7 190 from depths 1111:1116 arg1 PAO 1094:1096 a PAO 1092:1096 a PAO at different depths of cartilage 1092:1129 By looking at the changes in amounts of GAG in response to a PAO at different depths of cartilage, we may gain further insights into the types of biologic events that are occurring in the joint after a PAO. 26329795 7 191 theme biologic 1179:1186 arg1 events 1188:1193 biologic events 1179:1193 biologic events that are occurring in the joint after a PAO 1179:1237 By looking at the changes in amounts of GAG in response to a PAO at different depths of cartilage, we may gain further insights into the types of biologic events that are occurring in the joint after a PAO. 26329795 13 192 theme superficial 2092:2102 arg1 zone 2104:2107 the superficial zone 2088:2107 the superficial zone 2088:2107 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 3 193 theme Articular 408:416 arg1 cartilage 418:426 Articular cartilage 408:426 Articular cartilage structure 408:436 Articular cartilage structure and biology vary with the depth from the articular surface including the concentration of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), which are the charge macromolecules that are rapidly turned over and are lost in early osteoarthritis. 26329795 2 194 theme dysplastic 222:231 arg1 hip 233:235 a dysplastic hip 220:235 a dysplastic hip 220:235 In a dysplastic hip, the periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is designed to normalize the mechanics and our initial analysis suggests that it may also alter the cartilage biochemical composition. 26329795 13 195 from Year 2170:2173 arg1 msec 2162:2165 409 ± 119 msec 2152:2165 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) 2152:2229 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 21 196 theme articular 4007:4015 arg1 cartilage 4017:4025 articular cartilage 4007:4025 articular cartilage with mechanical loading 4007:4049 CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study looks at the biochemical changes in the articular cartilage before and after a PAO for dysplastic hips using MRI in a similar manner to using histological methods to study alterations in articular cartilage with mechanical loading. 26329795 14 197 theme acetabular 2426:2435 arg1 zone 2447:2450 the deep acetabular cartilage zone 2417:2450 the deep acetabular cartilage zone 2417:2450 In the deep acetabular cartilage zone, dGEMRIC index fell from 527 ± 148 msec preoperatively to 468 ± 143 msec at Year 1 (95% CI, -66 to -30; p < 0.001) and recovered to 494 ± 125 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 5-32; p = 0.008). 26329795 20 198 theme articular 3630:3638 arg1 cartilage 3640:3648 articular cartilage 3630:3648 articular cartilage 3630:3648 The decrease in dGEMRIC index in the deep layer seen mainly near the superior part of the joint is persistent and may represent a response of articular cartilage to normalization of increased mechanical load seen in this region after osteotomy, which may be a normal response to alteration in loading. 26329795 7 199 from changes 1051:1057 arg1 amounts 1062:1068 amounts 1062:1068 amounts of GAG 1062:1075 By looking at the changes in amounts of GAG in response to a PAO at different depths of cartilage, we may gain further insights into the types of biologic events that are occurring in the joint after a PAO. 26329795 7 199 from changes 1051:1057 arg1 response 1080:1087 response 1080:1087 response to a PAO at different depths of cartilage 1080:1129 By looking at the changes in amounts of GAG in response to a PAO at different depths of cartilage, we may gain further insights into the types of biologic events that are occurring in the joint after a PAO. 26329795 7 199 from changes 1051:1057 arg1 GAG 1073:1075 GAG 1073:1075 GAG 1073:1075 By looking at the changes in amounts of GAG in response to a PAO at different depths of cartilage, we may gain further insights into the types of biologic events that are occurring in the joint after a PAO. 26329795 2 200 theme initial 320:326 arg1 analysis 328:335 our initial analysis 316:335 our initial analysis 316:335 In a dysplastic hip, the periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is designed to normalize the mechanics and our initial analysis suggests that it may also alter the cartilage biochemical composition. 26329795 13 201 theme dGEMRIC 2071:2077 arg1 index 2079:2083 The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index 2057:2083 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone 2049:2107 RESULTS The mean ± SD dGEMRIC index in the superficial zone fell from 480 ± 137 msec preoperatively to 409 ± 119 msec at Year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], -87 to -54; p < 0.001) and recovered to 451 ± 115 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 34-65; p < 0.001), suggesting that there is a transient event that causes the biologically sensitive superficial layer to lose GAG. 26329795 14 202 dep = 2626:2626 arg1 CI 2614:2615 95% CI 2610:2615 95% CI 2610:2615 In the deep acetabular cartilage zone, dGEMRIC index fell from 527 ± 148 msec preoperatively to 468 ± 143 msec at Year 1 (95% CI, -66 to -30; p < 0.001) and recovered to 494 ± 125 msec at Year 2 (95% CI, 5-32; p = 0.008). 26329795 12 203 theme radial 2034:2039 arg1 planes 2041:2046 five acetabular radial planes 2018:2046 five acetabular radial planes 2018:2046 The change in dGEMRIC after surgery was assessed in the superficial and deep cartilage zones at five acetabular radial planes. 26329795 16 204 theme 374 2920:2922 arg1 msec 2930:2933 1 year 374 ± 123 msec 2913:2933 1 year 374 ± 123 msec 2913:2933 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 17 205 theme superficial 3094:3104 arg1 zone 3106:3109 the superficial zone 3090:3109 the superficial zone compared with the deeper acetabular cartilage zone 3090:3160 CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that PAO may alter the GAG content of the articular cartilage with a greater effect on the superficial zone compared with the deeper acetabular cartilage zone, especially at the superior aspect of the joint. 26329795 16 206 dep increase 2857:2864 arg1 msec 2930:2933 1 year 374 ± 123 msec 2913:2933 1 year 374 ± 123 msec 2913:2933 The only significant change from 1 to 2 years was an increase in the superficial layer of the superior zone (1 year 374 ± 123 msec, 2 year 453 ± 117 msec, p < 0.006). 26329795 20 207 from decrease 3492:3499 arg1 index 3512:3516 dGEMRIC index 3504:3516 dGEMRIC index in the deep layer 3504:3534 The decrease in dGEMRIC index in the deep layer seen mainly near the superior part of the joint is persistent and may represent a response of articular cartilage to normalization of increased mechanical load seen in this region after osteotomy, which may be a normal response to alteration in loading. 24433483 7 0 theme Arctic 1368:1373 arg1 habitats 1386:1393 alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats 1357:1393 alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats 1357:1393 However, despite these generalities, significant differences in bacterial community structures, compositions and metabolomes are found between alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats, reflecting the impact of local and regional conditions on the challenges of thriving in glacial ecosystems. 24433483 4 1 theme bacterial 804:812 arg1 structure 824:832 bacterial community structure 804:832 bacterial community structure 804:832 The influence of bacterial-associated fatty acids and polysaccharides was inferred, underlining the importance of bacterial community structure in the properties of cryoconite. 24433483 4 2 theme structure 824:832 arg1 importance 790:799 the importance 786:799 the importance of bacterial community structure in the properties of cryoconite 786:864 The influence of bacterial-associated fatty acids and polysaccharides was inferred, underlining the importance of bacterial community structure in the properties of cryoconite. 24433483 5 3 theme T-RFLP 897:902 arg1 application 882:892 combined application 873:892 combined application of T-RFLP and FT-IR metabolite fingerprinting 873:938 Thus, combined application of T-RFLP and FT-IR metabolite fingerprinting promises high throughput, and hence, rapid assessment of community structure-function relationships. 24433483 1 4 from foci 171:174 arg1 surfaces 229:236 polar glacier surfaces 215:236 polar glacier surfaces 215:236 Cryoconite holes are known as foci of microbial diversity and activity on polar glacier surfaces, but are virtually unexplored microbial habitats in alpine regions. 24433483 4 5 theme community 814:822 arg1 structure 824:832 bacterial community structure 804:832 bacterial community structure 804:832 The influence of bacterial-associated fatty acids and polysaccharides was inferred, underlining the importance of bacterial community structure in the properties of cryoconite. 24433483 1 6 theme microbial 268:276 arg1 habitats 278:285 microbial habitats 268:285 microbial habitats 268:285 Cryoconite holes are known as foci of microbial diversity and activity on polar glacier surfaces, but are virtually unexplored microbial habitats in alpine regions. 24433483 7 7 theme thriving 1472:1479 arg1 challenges 1458:1467 the challenges 1454:1467 the challenges of thriving in glacial ecosystems 1454:1501 However, despite these generalities, significant differences in bacterial community structures, compositions and metabolomes are found between alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats, reflecting the impact of local and regional conditions on the challenges of thriving in glacial ecosystems. 24433483 3 8 theme cognate 657:663 arg1 fingerprints 676:687 cognate metabolite fingerprints 657:687 cognate metabolite fingerprints 657:687 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and Fourier transform infrared metabolite fingerprinting of cryoconite from glaciers in Austria, Greenland and Svalbard demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities are closely correlated with cognate metabolite fingerprints. 24433483 5 9 theme high 949:952 arg1 throughput 954:963 high throughput 949:963 high throughput 949:963 Thus, combined application of T-RFLP and FT-IR metabolite fingerprinting promises high throughput, and hence, rapid assessment of community structure-function relationships. 24433483 7 10 theme conditions 1440:1449 arg1 impact 1411:1416 the impact 1407:1416 the impact of local and regional conditions on the challenges of thriving in glacial ecosystems 1407:1501 However, despite these generalities, significant differences in bacterial community structures, compositions and metabolomes are found between alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats, reflecting the impact of local and regional conditions on the challenges of thriving in glacial ecosystems. 24433483 4 11 from importance 790:799 arg1 properties 841:850 the properties 837:850 the properties of cryoconite 837:864 The influence of bacterial-associated fatty acids and polysaccharides was inferred, underlining the importance of bacterial community structure in the properties of cryoconite. 24433483 2 12 theme community 338:346 arg1 structure 348:356 cryoconite community structure 327:356 cryoconite community structure 327:356 In addition, whether cryoconite community structure reflects ecosystem functionality is poorly understood. 24433483 7 13 theme community 1288:1296 arg1 structures 1298:1307 bacterial community structures 1278:1307 bacterial community structures 1278:1307 However, despite these generalities, significant differences in bacterial community structures, compositions and metabolomes are found between alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats, reflecting the impact of local and regional conditions on the challenges of thriving in glacial ecosystems. 24433483 7 14 from challenges 1458:1467 arg1 ecosystems 1492:1501 glacial ecosystems 1484:1501 glacial ecosystems 1484:1501 However, despite these generalities, significant differences in bacterial community structures, compositions and metabolomes are found between alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats, reflecting the impact of local and regional conditions on the challenges of thriving in glacial ecosystems. 24433483 3 15 theme bacterial 607:615 arg1 communities 617:627 demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities 583:627 demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities 583:627 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and Fourier transform infrared metabolite fingerprinting of cryoconite from glaciers in Austria, Greenland and Svalbard demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities are closely correlated with cognate metabolite fingerprints. 24433483 1 16 theme microbial 179:187 arg1 diversity 189:197 microbial diversity 179:197 microbial diversity 179:197 Cryoconite holes are known as foci of microbial diversity and activity on polar glacier surfaces, but are virtually unexplored microbial habitats in alpine regions. 24433483 0 17 theme Arctic 124:129 arg1 glaciers 131:138 Arctic glaciers 124:138 Arctic glaciers 124:138 Coupled cryoconite ecosystem structure-function relationships are revealed by comparing bacterial communities in alpine and Arctic glaciers. 24433483 3 18 theme fragment 434:441 arg1 polymorphism 450:461 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism 413:461 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism 413:461 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and Fourier transform infrared metabolite fingerprinting of cryoconite from glaciers in Austria, Greenland and Svalbard demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities are closely correlated with cognate metabolite fingerprints. 24433483 7 19 from differences 1263:1273 arg1 compositions 1310:1321 compositions 1310:1321 compositions 1310:1321 However, despite these generalities, significant differences in bacterial community structures, compositions and metabolomes are found between alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats, reflecting the impact of local and regional conditions on the challenges of thriving in glacial ecosystems. 24433483 7 19 from differences 1263:1273 arg1 structures 1298:1307 bacterial community structures 1278:1307 bacterial community structures 1278:1307 However, despite these generalities, significant differences in bacterial community structures, compositions and metabolomes are found between alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats, reflecting the impact of local and regional conditions on the challenges of thriving in glacial ecosystems. 24433483 7 19 from differences 1263:1273 arg1 metabolomes 1327:1337 metabolomes 1327:1337 metabolomes 1327:1337 However, despite these generalities, significant differences in bacterial community structures, compositions and metabolomes are found between alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats, reflecting the impact of local and regional conditions on the challenges of thriving in glacial ecosystems. 24433483 1 20 theme diversity 189:197 arg1 holes 152:156 Cryoconite holes 141:156 Cryoconite holes 141:156 Cryoconite holes are known as foci of microbial diversity and activity on polar glacier surfaces, but are virtually unexplored microbial habitats in alpine regions. 24433483 1 20 theme diversity 189:197 arg1 foci 171:174 foci 171:174 foci of microbial diversity and activity on polar glacier surfaces 171:236 Cryoconite holes are known as foci of microbial diversity and activity on polar glacier surfaces, but are virtually unexplored microbial habitats in alpine regions. 24433483 3 21 theme restriction 422:432 arg1 polymorphism 450:461 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism 413:461 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism 413:461 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and Fourier transform infrared metabolite fingerprinting of cryoconite from glaciers in Austria, Greenland and Svalbard demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities are closely correlated with cognate metabolite fingerprints. 24433483 7 22 theme local 1421:1425 arg1 conditions 1440:1449 local and regional conditions 1421:1449 local and regional conditions 1421:1449 However, despite these generalities, significant differences in bacterial community structures, compositions and metabolomes are found between alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats, reflecting the impact of local and regional conditions on the challenges of thriving in glacial ecosystems. 24433483 5 23 theme combined 873:880 arg1 application 882:892 combined application 873:892 combined application of T-RFLP and FT-IR metabolite fingerprinting 873:938 Thus, combined application of T-RFLP and FT-IR metabolite fingerprinting promises high throughput, and hence, rapid assessment of community structure-function relationships. 24433483 2 24 theme cryoconite 327:336 arg1 structure 348:356 cryoconite community structure 327:356 cryoconite community structure 327:356 In addition, whether cryoconite community structure reflects ecosystem functionality is poorly understood. 24433483 7 25 theme cryoconite 1375:1384 arg1 habitats 1386:1393 alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats 1357:1393 alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats 1357:1393 However, despite these generalities, significant differences in bacterial community structures, compositions and metabolomes are found between alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats, reflecting the impact of local and regional conditions on the challenges of thriving in glacial ecosystems. 24433483 5 26 theme community 997:1005 arg1 relationships 1026:1038 community structure-function relationships 997:1038 community structure-function relationships 997:1038 Thus, combined application of T-RFLP and FT-IR metabolite fingerprinting promises high throughput, and hence, rapid assessment of community structure-function relationships. 24433483 0 27 theme Coupled 0:6 arg1 relationships 48:60 Coupled cryoconite ecosystem structure-function relationships 0:60 Coupled cryoconite ecosystem structure-function relationships 0:60 Coupled cryoconite ecosystem structure-function relationships are revealed by comparing bacterial communities in alpine and Arctic glaciers. 24433483 1 28 theme alpine 290:295 arg1 regions 297:303 alpine regions 290:303 alpine regions 290:303 Cryoconite holes are known as foci of microbial diversity and activity on polar glacier surfaces, but are virtually unexplored microbial habitats in alpine regions. 24433483 7 29 theme bacterial 1278:1286 arg1 structures 1298:1307 bacterial community structures 1278:1307 bacterial community structures 1278:1307 However, despite these generalities, significant differences in bacterial community structures, compositions and metabolomes are found between alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats, reflecting the impact of local and regional conditions on the challenges of thriving in glacial ecosystems. 24433483 3 30 theme metabolite 665:674 arg1 fingerprints 676:687 cognate metabolite fingerprints 657:687 cognate metabolite fingerprints 657:687 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and Fourier transform infrared metabolite fingerprinting of cryoconite from glaciers in Austria, Greenland and Svalbard demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities are closely correlated with cognate metabolite fingerprints. 24433483 1 31 theme activity 203:210 arg1 holes 152:156 Cryoconite holes 141:156 Cryoconite holes 141:156 Cryoconite holes are known as foci of microbial diversity and activity on polar glacier surfaces, but are virtually unexplored microbial habitats in alpine regions. 24433483 1 31 theme activity 203:210 arg1 foci 171:174 foci 171:174 foci of microbial diversity and activity on polar glacier surfaces 171:236 Cryoconite holes are known as foci of microbial diversity and activity on polar glacier surfaces, but are virtually unexplored microbial habitats in alpine regions. 24433483 0 32 theme structure-function 29:46 arg1 relationships 48:60 Coupled cryoconite ecosystem structure-function relationships 0:60 Coupled cryoconite ecosystem structure-function relationships 0:60 Coupled cryoconite ecosystem structure-function relationships are revealed by comparing bacterial communities in alpine and Arctic glaciers. 24433483 4 33 theme cryoconite 855:864 arg1 properties 841:850 the properties 837:850 the properties of cryoconite 837:864 The influence of bacterial-associated fatty acids and polysaccharides was inferred, underlining the importance of bacterial community structure in the properties of cryoconite. 24433483 7 34 theme significant 1251:1261 arg1 differences 1263:1273 significant differences 1251:1273 significant differences in bacterial community structures, compositions and metabolomes 1251:1337 However, despite these generalities, significant differences in bacterial community structures, compositions and metabolomes are found between alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats, reflecting the impact of local and regional conditions on the challenges of thriving in glacial ecosystems. 24433483 4 35 theme polysaccharides 744:758 arg1 influence 694:702 The influence 690:702 The influence of bacterial-associated fatty acids and polysaccharides 690:758 The influence of bacterial-associated fatty acids and polysaccharides was inferred, underlining the importance of bacterial community structure in the properties of cryoconite. 24433483 0 36 theme ecosystem 19:27 arg1 relationships 48:60 Coupled cryoconite ecosystem structure-function relationships 0:60 Coupled cryoconite ecosystem structure-function relationships 0:60 Coupled cryoconite ecosystem structure-function relationships are revealed by comparing bacterial communities in alpine and Arctic glaciers. 24433483 6 37 theme cryoconite 1190:1199 arg1 communities 1201:1211 both alpine and Arctic cryoconite communities 1167:1211 communities 1201:1211 Pyrosequencing revealed Proteobacteria were particularly abundant, with Cyanobacteria likely acting as ecosystem engineers in both alpine and Arctic cryoconite communities. 24433483 7 38 from thriving 1472:1479 arg1 ecosystems 1492:1501 glacial ecosystems 1484:1501 glacial ecosystems 1484:1501 However, despite these generalities, significant differences in bacterial community structures, compositions and metabolomes are found between alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats, reflecting the impact of local and regional conditions on the challenges of thriving in glacial ecosystems. 24433483 7 39 theme alpine 1357:1362 arg1 habitats 1386:1393 alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats 1357:1393 alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats 1357:1393 However, despite these generalities, significant differences in bacterial community structures, compositions and metabolomes are found between alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats, reflecting the impact of local and regional conditions on the challenges of thriving in glacial ecosystems. 24433483 1 40 theme polar 215:219 arg1 surfaces 229:236 polar glacier surfaces 215:236 polar glacier surfaces 215:236 Cryoconite holes are known as foci of microbial diversity and activity on polar glacier surfaces, but are virtually unexplored microbial habitats in alpine regions. 24433483 7 41 theme glacial 1484:1490 arg1 ecosystems 1492:1501 glacial ecosystems 1484:1501 glacial ecosystems 1484:1501 However, despite these generalities, significant differences in bacterial community structures, compositions and metabolomes are found between alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats, reflecting the impact of local and regional conditions on the challenges of thriving in glacial ecosystems. 24433483 6 42 from engineers 1154:1162 arg1 alpine 1172:1177 both alpine and Arctic cryoconite communities 1167:1211 alpine 1172:1177 Pyrosequencing revealed Proteobacteria were particularly abundant, with Cyanobacteria likely acting as ecosystem engineers in both alpine and Arctic cryoconite communities. 24433483 6 42 from engineers 1154:1162 arg1 communities 1201:1211 both alpine and Arctic cryoconite communities 1167:1211 communities 1201:1211 Pyrosequencing revealed Proteobacteria were particularly abundant, with Cyanobacteria likely acting as ecosystem engineers in both alpine and Arctic cryoconite communities. 24433483 3 43 dep transform 475:483 arg1 infrared 485:492 infrared 485:492 transform infrared metabolite fingerprinting of cryoconite from glaciers in Austria, Greenland and Svalbard demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities are closely correlated with cognate metabolite fingerprints 475:687 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and Fourier transform infrared metabolite fingerprinting of cryoconite from glaciers in Austria, Greenland and Svalbard demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities are closely correlated with cognate metabolite fingerprints. 24433483 5 44 theme structure-function 1007:1024 arg1 relationships 1026:1038 community structure-function relationships 997:1038 community structure-function relationships 997:1038 Thus, combined application of T-RFLP and FT-IR metabolite fingerprinting promises high throughput, and hence, rapid assessment of community structure-function relationships. 24433483 1 45 theme glacier 221:227 arg1 surfaces 229:236 polar glacier surfaces 215:236 polar glacier surfaces 215:236 Cryoconite holes are known as foci of microbial diversity and activity on polar glacier surfaces, but are virtually unexplored microbial habitats in alpine regions. 24433483 3 46 theme metabolite 494:503 arg1 fingerprinting 505:518 metabolite fingerprinting 494:518 metabolite fingerprinting of cryoconite from glaciers in Austria, Greenland and Svalbard demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities are closely correlated with cognate metabolite fingerprints 494:687 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and Fourier transform infrared metabolite fingerprinting of cryoconite from glaciers in Austria, Greenland and Svalbard demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities are closely correlated with cognate metabolite fingerprints. 24433483 5 47 theme FT-IR 908:912 arg1 fingerprinting 925:938 FT-IR metabolite fingerprinting 908:938 FT-IR metabolite fingerprinting 908:938 Thus, combined application of T-RFLP and FT-IR metabolite fingerprinting promises high throughput, and hence, rapid assessment of community structure-function relationships. 24433483 6 48 theme Arctic 1183:1188 arg1 communities 1201:1211 both alpine and Arctic cryoconite communities 1167:1211 communities 1201:1211 Pyrosequencing revealed Proteobacteria were particularly abundant, with Cyanobacteria likely acting as ecosystem engineers in both alpine and Arctic cryoconite communities. 24433483 7 49 from ecosystems 1492:1501 arg1 challenges 1458:1467 the challenges 1454:1467 the challenges of thriving in glacial ecosystems 1454:1501 However, despite these generalities, significant differences in bacterial community structures, compositions and metabolomes are found between alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats, reflecting the impact of local and regional conditions on the challenges of thriving in glacial ecosystems. 24433483 3 50 theme cryoconite 523:532 arg1 fingerprinting 505:518 metabolite fingerprinting 494:518 metabolite fingerprinting of cryoconite from glaciers in Austria, Greenland and Svalbard demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities are closely correlated with cognate metabolite fingerprints 494:687 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and Fourier transform infrared metabolite fingerprinting of cryoconite from glaciers in Austria, Greenland and Svalbard demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities are closely correlated with cognate metabolite fingerprints. 24433483 3 51 theme length 443:448 arg1 polymorphism 450:461 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism 413:461 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism 413:461 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and Fourier transform infrared metabolite fingerprinting of cryoconite from glaciers in Austria, Greenland and Svalbard demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities are closely correlated with cognate metabolite fingerprints. 24433483 5 52 theme relationships 1026:1038 arg1 throughput 954:963 high throughput 949:963 high throughput 949:963 Thus, combined application of T-RFLP and FT-IR metabolite fingerprinting promises high throughput, and hence, rapid assessment of community structure-function relationships. 24433483 5 52 theme relationships 1026:1038 arg1 assessment 983:992 rapid assessment 977:992 rapid assessment of community structure-function relationships 977:1038 Thus, combined application of T-RFLP and FT-IR metabolite fingerprinting promises high throughput, and hence, rapid assessment of community structure-function relationships. 24433483 6 53 theme ecosystem 1144:1152 arg1 Cyanobacteria 1113:1125 Cyanobacteria 1113:1125 Cyanobacteria 1113:1125 Pyrosequencing revealed Proteobacteria were particularly abundant, with Cyanobacteria likely acting as ecosystem engineers in both alpine and Arctic cryoconite communities. 24433483 6 53 theme ecosystem 1144:1152 arg1 engineers 1154:1162 ecosystem engineers 1144:1162 ecosystem engineers in both alpine and Arctic cryoconite communities 1144:1211 Pyrosequencing revealed Proteobacteria were particularly abundant, with Cyanobacteria likely acting as ecosystem engineers in both alpine and Arctic cryoconite communities. 24433483 2 54 theme ecosystem 367:375 arg1 functionality 377:389 ecosystem functionality 367:389 ecosystem functionality 367:389 In addition, whether cryoconite community structure reflects ecosystem functionality is poorly understood. 24433483 5 55 theme fingerprinting 925:938 arg1 application 882:892 combined application 873:892 combined application of T-RFLP and FT-IR metabolite fingerprinting 873:938 Thus, combined application of T-RFLP and FT-IR metabolite fingerprinting promises high throughput, and hence, rapid assessment of community structure-function relationships. 24433483 3 56 dep fingerprinting 505:518 arg1 correlated 641:650 correlated 641:650 are closely correlated with cognate metabolite fingerprints 629:687 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and Fourier transform infrared metabolite fingerprinting of cryoconite from glaciers in Austria, Greenland and Svalbard demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities are closely correlated with cognate metabolite fingerprints. 24433483 1 57 theme Cryoconite 141:150 arg1 holes 152:156 Cryoconite holes 141:156 Cryoconite holes 141:156 Cryoconite holes are known as foci of microbial diversity and activity on polar glacier surfaces, but are virtually unexplored microbial habitats in alpine regions. 24433483 1 57 theme Cryoconite 141:150 arg1 foci 171:174 foci 171:174 foci of microbial diversity and activity on polar glacier surfaces 171:236 Cryoconite holes are known as foci of microbial diversity and activity on polar glacier surfaces, but are virtually unexplored microbial habitats in alpine regions. 24433483 3 58 from glaciers 539:546 arg1 Svalbard 574:581 Svalbard 574:581 Svalbard 574:581 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and Fourier transform infrared metabolite fingerprinting of cryoconite from glaciers in Austria, Greenland and Svalbard demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities are closely correlated with cognate metabolite fingerprints. 24433483 3 58 from glaciers 539:546 arg1 Greenland 560:568 Greenland 560:568 Greenland 560:568 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and Fourier transform infrared metabolite fingerprinting of cryoconite from glaciers in Austria, Greenland and Svalbard demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities are closely correlated with cognate metabolite fingerprints. 24433483 4 59 theme bacterial-associated 707:726 arg1 acids 734:738 bacterial-associated fatty acids 707:738 bacterial-associated fatty acids 707:738 The influence of bacterial-associated fatty acids and polysaccharides was inferred, underlining the importance of bacterial community structure in the properties of cryoconite. 24433483 3 60 dep Greenland 560:568 arg1 communities 617:627 demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities 583:627 demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities 583:627 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and Fourier transform infrared metabolite fingerprinting of cryoconite from glaciers in Austria, Greenland and Svalbard demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities are closely correlated with cognate metabolite fingerprints. 24433483 7 61 from impact 1411:1416 arg1 challenges 1458:1467 the challenges 1454:1467 the challenges of thriving in glacial ecosystems 1454:1501 However, despite these generalities, significant differences in bacterial community structures, compositions and metabolomes are found between alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats, reflecting the impact of local and regional conditions on the challenges of thriving in glacial ecosystems. 24433483 3 62 theme cryoconite 596:605 arg1 communities 617:627 demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities 583:627 demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities 583:627 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and Fourier transform infrared metabolite fingerprinting of cryoconite from glaciers in Austria, Greenland and Svalbard demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities are closely correlated with cognate metabolite fingerprints. 24433483 0 63 theme bacterial 88:96 arg1 communities 98:108 bacterial communities 88:108 bacterial communities 88:108 Coupled cryoconite ecosystem structure-function relationships are revealed by comparing bacterial communities in alpine and Arctic glaciers. 24433483 5 64 theme rapid 977:981 arg1 assessment 983:992 rapid assessment 977:992 rapid assessment of community structure-function relationships 977:1038 Thus, combined application of T-RFLP and FT-IR metabolite fingerprinting promises high throughput, and hence, rapid assessment of community structure-function relationships. 24433483 3 65 theme demonstrated 583:594 arg1 communities 617:627 demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities 583:627 demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities 583:627 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and Fourier transform infrared metabolite fingerprinting of cryoconite from glaciers in Austria, Greenland and Svalbard demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities are closely correlated with cognate metabolite fingerprints. 24433483 7 66 theme regional 1431:1438 arg1 conditions 1440:1449 local and regional conditions 1421:1449 local and regional conditions 1421:1449 However, despite these generalities, significant differences in bacterial community structures, compositions and metabolomes are found between alpine and Arctic cryoconite habitats, reflecting the impact of local and regional conditions on the challenges of thriving in glacial ecosystems. 24433483 4 67 theme acids 734:738 arg1 influence 694:702 The influence 690:702 The influence of bacterial-associated fatty acids and polysaccharides 690:758 The influence of bacterial-associated fatty acids and polysaccharides was inferred, underlining the importance of bacterial community structure in the properties of cryoconite. 24433483 5 68 theme metabolite 914:923 arg1 fingerprinting 925:938 FT-IR metabolite fingerprinting 908:938 FT-IR metabolite fingerprinting 908:938 Thus, combined application of T-RFLP and FT-IR metabolite fingerprinting promises high throughput, and hence, rapid assessment of community structure-function relationships. 24433483 3 69 theme Terminal 413:420 arg1 polymorphism 450:461 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism 413:461 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism 413:461 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and Fourier transform infrared metabolite fingerprinting of cryoconite from glaciers in Austria, Greenland and Svalbard demonstrated cryoconite bacterial communities are closely correlated with cognate metabolite fingerprints. 24433483 0 70 theme cryoconite 8:17 arg1 relationships 48:60 Coupled cryoconite ecosystem structure-function relationships 0:60 Coupled cryoconite ecosystem structure-function relationships 0:60 Coupled cryoconite ecosystem structure-function relationships are revealed by comparing bacterial communities in alpine and Arctic glaciers. 24433483 4 71 theme fatty 728:732 arg1 acids 734:738 bacterial-associated fatty acids 707:738 bacterial-associated fatty acids 707:738 The influence of bacterial-associated fatty acids and polysaccharides was inferred, underlining the importance of bacterial community structure in the properties of cryoconite. 27034248 0 0 theme 2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f 68:100 arg1 quinoline 102:110 2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline 68:110 2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) 68:115 Prebiotics and age, but not probiotics affect the transformation of 2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) by fecal microbiota - An in vitro study. 27034248 0 0 theme 2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f 68:100 arg1 IQ 113:114 IQ 113:114 IQ 113:114 Prebiotics and age, but not probiotics affect the transformation of 2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) by fecal microbiota - An in vitro study. 27034248 5 1 theme study 705:709 arg1 aim 694:696 The aim 690:696 The aim of the study 690:709 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 2 theme 7-OH-IQ 1040:1046 arg1 quinoline-7-one 1095:1109 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one) 1040:1110 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one) 1040:1110 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 3 3 with colon 579:583 arg1 diet 590:593 diet 590:593 diet 590:593 However, the GI microbiota, whose metabolism and composition changes with age, may also be responsible for the activation of mutagenic substances reaching the colon with diet. 27034248 5 4 attach derived 748:754 arg1 adults 816:821 adults 816:821 adults (aged 23-39 years) 816:840 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 4 attach derived 748:754 arg1 feces 765:769 the feces 761:769 the feces of 27 volunteers 761:786 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 4 attach derived 748:754 arg1 sub-elderly 847:857 the sub-elderly 843:857 the sub-elderly 843:857 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 4 attach derived 748:754 arg1 years 871:875 aged 64-65 years 860:875 aged 64-65 years 860:875 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 4 attach derived 748:754 arg1 months 807:812 up to 18 months 798:812 up to 18 months 798:812 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 4 attach derived 748:754 arg1 elderly 887:893 elderly 887:893 elderly 887:893 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 4 attach derived 748:754 arg1 years 835:839 aged 23-39 years 824:839 aged 23-39 years 824:839 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 4 attach derived 748:754 arg1 infants 789:795 infants 789:795 infants (up to 18 months) 789:813 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 4 attach derived 748:754 arg2 microbiota 737:746 fecal microbiota 731:746 fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics 731:958 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 4 attach derived 748:754 arg1 presence 923:930 the presence 919:930 the presence of probiotics or prebiotics 919:958 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 2 5 theme crucial 325:331 arg1 role 333:336 a crucial role 323:336 a crucial role 323:336 The human gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining health in humans of different ages, and especially in the elderly. 27034248 4 6 from terms 639:643 arg1 promising 626:634 promising 626:634 promising 626:634 Probiotics and prebiotics are promising in terms of reducing the destructive effects of HAAs. 27034248 0 7 theme quinoline 102:110 arg1 transformation 50:63 the transformation 46:63 the transformation of 2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) 46:115 Prebiotics and age, but not probiotics affect the transformation of 2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) by fecal microbiota - An in vitro study. 27034248 9 8 located detected 1308:1315 arg1 persons 1324:1330 six persons 1320:1330 six persons (two children and four elderly individuals) 1320:1374 7-OH-IQ was detected in six persons (two children and four elderly individuals). 27034248 9 8 located detected 1308:1315 arg2 7-OH-IQ 1296:1302 7-OH-IQ 1296:1302 7-OH-IQ 1296:1302 7-OH-IQ was detected in six persons (two children and four elderly individuals). 27034248 8 9 theme IQ 1256:1257 arg1 transformation 1259:1272 IQ transformation 1256:1272 IQ transformation 1256:1272 Individual strains capable of IQ transformation were also identified. 27034248 5 10 dep 18 804:805 arg1 to 801:802 to 801:802 to 801:802 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 11 11 dep strain 1621:1626 arg1 1030 1634:1637 1030 1634:1637 1030 1634:1637 Four Enterococcus isolates: two Enterococcus faecium and two Enterococcus faecalis strains, as well as one Clostridium difficile strain (LOCK 1030, from the culture collection) converted IQ to 7-OH-IQ. 27034248 12 12 theme samples 1714:1720 arg1 times 1756:1760 times 1756:1760 times 1756:1760 The genotoxicity of samples containing 7-OH-IQ was even three times higher (P < 0.05) than those with IQ and was correlated with the degree of IQ conversion and 7-OH-IQ concentration. 27034248 12 12 theme samples 1714:1720 arg1 genotoxicity 1698:1709 The genotoxicity 1694:1709 The genotoxicity of samples containing 7-OH-IQ 1694:1739 The genotoxicity of samples containing 7-OH-IQ was even three times higher (P < 0.05) than those with IQ and was correlated with the degree of IQ conversion and 7-OH-IQ concentration. 27034248 4 13 from promising 626:634 arg1 terms 639:643 terms 639:643 terms of reducing the destructive effects of HAAs 639:687 Probiotics and prebiotics are promising in terms of reducing the destructive effects of HAAs. 27034248 9 14 dep persons 1324:1330 arg1 individuals 1363:1373 four elderly individuals 1350:1373 four elderly individuals 1350:1373 7-OH-IQ was detected in six persons (two children and four elderly individuals). 27034248 9 14 dep persons 1324:1330 arg1 children 1337:1344 two children 1333:1344 two children 1333:1344 7-OH-IQ was detected in six persons (two children and four elderly individuals). 27034248 4 15 theme destructive 661:671 arg1 effects 673:679 the destructive effects 657:679 the destructive effects of HAAs 657:687 Probiotics and prebiotics are promising in terms of reducing the destructive effects of HAAs. 27034248 12 16 contain containing 1722:1731 arg2 7-OH-IQ 1733:1739 7-OH-IQ 1733:1739 7-OH-IQ 1733:1739 The genotoxicity of samples containing 7-OH-IQ was even three times higher (P < 0.05) than those with IQ and was correlated with the degree of IQ conversion and 7-OH-IQ concentration. 27034248 12 16 contain containing 1722:1731 arg1 samples 1714:1720 samples 1714:1720 samples containing 7-OH-IQ 1714:1739 The genotoxicity of samples containing 7-OH-IQ was even three times higher (P < 0.05) than those with IQ and was correlated with the degree of IQ conversion and 7-OH-IQ concentration. 27034248 10 17 theme 81-year-old 1448:1458 arg1 woman 1460:1464 81-year-old woman 1448:1464 81-year-old woman 1448:1464 The degree of IQ conversion ranged from 26% (4-month-old girl) to 94% (81-year-old woman) of the initial quantity. 27034248 10 17 theme 81-year-old 1448:1458 arg1 quantity 1482:1489 the initial quantity 1470:1489 the initial quantity 1470:1489 The degree of IQ conversion ranged from 26% (4-month-old girl) to 94% (81-year-old woman) of the initial quantity. 27034248 10 17 theme 81-year-old 1448:1458 arg1 % 1445:1445 94% 1443:1445 94% (81-year-old woman) of the initial quantity 1443:1489 The degree of IQ conversion ranged from 26% (4-month-old girl) to 94% (81-year-old woman) of the initial quantity. 27034248 5 18 dep elderly 887:893 arg1 years 907:911 aged 76-87 years 896:911 aged 76-87 years 896:911 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 10 19 theme conversion 1394:1403 arg1 degree 1381:1386 The degree 1377:1386 The degree of IQ conversion 1377:1403 The degree of IQ conversion ranged from 26% (4-month-old girl) to 94% (81-year-old woman) of the initial quantity. 27034248 5 20 theme aged 860:863 arg1 feces 765:769 the feces 761:769 the feces of 27 volunteers 761:786 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 20 theme aged 860:863 arg1 years 871:875 aged 64-65 years 860:875 aged 64-65 years 860:875 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 1 21 theme Heterocyclic 158:169 arg1 HAAs 188:191 HAAs 188:191 HAAs 188:191 Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are carcinogens which are formed in meat cooked using high-temperature methods. 27034248 1 21 theme Heterocyclic 158:169 arg1 carcinogens 198:208 carcinogens 198:208 carcinogens which are formed in meat cooked using high-temperature methods 198:271 Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are carcinogens which are formed in meat cooked using high-temperature methods. 27034248 1 21 theme Heterocyclic 158:169 arg1 amines 180:185 Heterocyclic aromatic amines 158:185 Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) 158:192 Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are carcinogens which are formed in meat cooked using high-temperature methods. 27034248 5 22 theme prebiotics 949:958 arg1 adults 816:821 adults 816:821 adults (aged 23-39 years) 816:840 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 22 theme prebiotics 949:958 arg1 feces 765:769 the feces 761:769 the feces of 27 volunteers 761:786 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 22 theme prebiotics 949:958 arg1 sub-elderly 847:857 the sub-elderly 843:857 the sub-elderly 843:857 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 22 theme prebiotics 949:958 arg1 months 807:812 up to 18 months 798:812 up to 18 months 798:812 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 22 theme prebiotics 949:958 arg1 years 835:839 aged 23-39 years 824:839 aged 23-39 years 824:839 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 22 theme prebiotics 949:958 arg1 infants 789:795 infants 789:795 infants (up to 18 months) 789:813 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 22 theme prebiotics 949:958 arg1 years 871:875 aged 64-65 years 860:875 aged 64-65 years 860:875 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 22 theme prebiotics 949:958 arg1 presence 923:930 the presence 919:930 the presence of probiotics or prebiotics 919:958 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 11 23 theme Clostridium 1599:1609 arg1 strain 1621:1626 one Clostridium difficile strain 1595:1626 one Clostridium difficile strain (LOCK 1030, from the culture collection) 1595:1667 Four Enterococcus isolates: two Enterococcus faecium and two Enterococcus faecalis strains, as well as one Clostridium difficile strain (LOCK 1030, from the culture collection) converted IQ to 7-OH-IQ. 27034248 5 24 theme 23-39 829:833 arg1 adults 816:821 adults 816:821 adults (aged 23-39 years) 816:840 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 24 theme 23-39 829:833 arg1 years 835:839 aged 23-39 years 824:839 aged 23-39 years 824:839 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 25 theme probiotics 935:944 arg1 adults 816:821 adults 816:821 adults (aged 23-39 years) 816:840 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 25 theme probiotics 935:944 arg1 feces 765:769 the feces 761:769 the feces of 27 volunteers 761:786 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 25 theme probiotics 935:944 arg1 sub-elderly 847:857 the sub-elderly 843:857 the sub-elderly 843:857 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 25 theme probiotics 935:944 arg1 months 807:812 up to 18 months 798:812 up to 18 months 798:812 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 25 theme probiotics 935:944 arg1 years 835:839 aged 23-39 years 824:839 aged 23-39 years 824:839 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 25 theme probiotics 935:944 arg1 infants 789:795 infants 789:795 infants (up to 18 months) 789:813 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 25 theme probiotics 935:944 arg1 years 871:875 aged 64-65 years 860:875 aged 64-65 years 860:875 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 25 theme probiotics 935:944 arg1 presence 923:930 the presence 919:930 the presence of probiotics or prebiotics 919:958 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 1 26 theme aromatic 171:178 arg1 HAAs 188:191 HAAs 188:191 HAAs 188:191 Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are carcinogens which are formed in meat cooked using high-temperature methods. 27034248 1 26 theme aromatic 171:178 arg1 carcinogens 198:208 carcinogens 198:208 carcinogens which are formed in meat cooked using high-temperature methods 198:271 Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are carcinogens which are formed in meat cooked using high-temperature methods. 27034248 1 26 theme aromatic 171:178 arg1 amines 180:185 Heterocyclic aromatic amines 158:185 Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) 158:192 Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are carcinogens which are formed in meat cooked using high-temperature methods. 27034248 10 27 theme 4-month-old 1422:1432 arg1 % 1419:1419 26% 1417:1419 26% (4-month-old girl) 1417:1438 The degree of IQ conversion ranged from 26% (4-month-old girl) to 94% (81-year-old woman) of the initial quantity. 27034248 10 27 theme 4-month-old 1422:1432 arg1 girl 1434:1437 4-month-old girl 1422:1437 4-month-old girl 1422:1437 The degree of IQ conversion ranged from 26% (4-month-old girl) to 94% (81-year-old woman) of the initial quantity. 27034248 1 28 theme high-temperature 248:263 arg1 methods 265:271 high-temperature methods 248:271 high-temperature methods 248:271 Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are carcinogens which are formed in meat cooked using high-temperature methods. 27034248 5 29 dep determine 718:726 arg1 affected 961:968 affected 961:968 affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one) 961:1110 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 4 30 theme HAAs 684:687 arg1 effects 673:679 the destructive effects 657:679 the destructive effects of HAAs 657:687 Probiotics and prebiotics are promising in terms of reducing the destructive effects of HAAs. 27034248 5 31 theme quinoline 1026:1034 arg1 transformation 974:987 the transformation 970:987 the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one) 970:1110 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 2 32 theme gastrointestinal 284:299 arg1 microbiota 306:315 The human gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota 274:315 The human gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota 274:315 The human gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining health in humans of different ages, and especially in the elderly. 27034248 12 33 dep times 1756:1760 arg1 higher 1762:1767 higher 1762:1767 higher 1762:1767 The genotoxicity of samples containing 7-OH-IQ was even three times higher (P < 0.05) than those with IQ and was correlated with the degree of IQ conversion and 7-OH-IQ concentration. 27034248 12 33 dep times 1756:1760 arg1 P < 0.05 1770:1777 P < 0.05 1770:1777 P < 0.05 1770:1777 The genotoxicity of samples containing 7-OH-IQ was even three times higher (P < 0.05) than those with IQ and was correlated with the degree of IQ conversion and 7-OH-IQ concentration. 27034248 10 34 theme quantity 1482:1489 arg1 woman 1460:1464 81-year-old woman 1448:1464 81-year-old woman 1448:1464 The degree of IQ conversion ranged from 26% (4-month-old girl) to 94% (81-year-old woman) of the initial quantity. 27034248 10 34 theme quantity 1482:1489 arg1 quantity 1482:1489 the initial quantity 1470:1489 the initial quantity 1470:1489 The degree of IQ conversion ranged from 26% (4-month-old girl) to 94% (81-year-old woman) of the initial quantity. 27034248 10 34 theme quantity 1482:1489 arg1 % 1445:1445 94% 1443:1445 94% (81-year-old woman) of the initial quantity 1443:1489 The degree of IQ conversion ranged from 26% (4-month-old girl) to 94% (81-year-old woman) of the initial quantity. 27034248 11 35 theme Enterococcus 1497:1508 arg1 isolates 1510:1517 Four Enterococcus isolates 1492:1517 Four Enterococcus isolates 1492:1517 Four Enterococcus isolates: two Enterococcus faecium and two Enterococcus faecalis strains, as well as one Clostridium difficile strain (LOCK 1030, from the culture collection) converted IQ to 7-OH-IQ. 27034248 2 36 theme human 278:282 arg1 microbiota 306:315 The human gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota 274:315 The human gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota 274:315 The human gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining health in humans of different ages, and especially in the elderly. 27034248 12 37 theme conversion 1840:1849 arg1 degree 1827:1832 the degree 1823:1832 the degree of IQ conversion and 7-OH-IQ concentration 1823:1875 The genotoxicity of samples containing 7-OH-IQ was even three times higher (P < 0.05) than those with IQ and was correlated with the degree of IQ conversion and 7-OH-IQ concentration. 27034248 10 38 theme initial 1474:1480 arg1 quantity 1482:1489 the initial quantity 1470:1489 the initial quantity 1470:1489 The degree of IQ conversion ranged from 26% (4-month-old girl) to 94% (81-year-old woman) of the initial quantity. 27034248 12 39 theme IQ 1837:1838 arg1 conversion 1840:1849 IQ conversion 1837:1849 IQ conversion 1837:1849 The genotoxicity of samples containing 7-OH-IQ was even three times higher (P < 0.05) than those with IQ and was correlated with the degree of IQ conversion and 7-OH-IQ concentration. 27034248 12 40 theme concentration 1863:1875 arg1 degree 1827:1832 the degree 1823:1832 the degree of IQ conversion and 7-OH-IQ concentration 1823:1875 The genotoxicity of samples containing 7-OH-IQ was even three times higher (P < 0.05) than those with IQ and was correlated with the degree of IQ conversion and 7-OH-IQ concentration. 27034248 8 41 theme capable 1245:1251 arg1 strains 1237:1243 Individual strains 1226:1243 Individual strains capable of IQ transformation 1226:1272 Individual strains capable of IQ transformation were also identified. 27034248 2 42 theme ages 383:386 arg1 humans 363:368 humans 363:368 humans of different ages 363:386 The human gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining health in humans of different ages, and especially in the elderly. 27034248 0 43 theme fecal 120:124 arg1 microbiota 126:135 fecal microbiota 120:135 fecal microbiota 120:135 Prebiotics and age, but not probiotics affect the transformation of 2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) by fecal microbiota - An in vitro study. 27034248 3 44 theme mutagenic 545:553 arg1 substances 555:564 mutagenic substances 545:564 mutagenic substances reaching the colon with diet 545:593 However, the GI microbiota, whose metabolism and composition changes with age, may also be responsible for the activation of mutagenic substances reaching the colon with diet. 27034248 2 45 theme different 373:381 arg1 ages 383:386 different ages 373:386 different ages 373:386 The human gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining health in humans of different ages, and especially in the elderly. 27034248 12 46 theme three 1750:1754 arg1 genotoxicity 1698:1709 The genotoxicity 1694:1709 The genotoxicity of samples containing 7-OH-IQ 1694:1739 The genotoxicity of samples containing 7-OH-IQ was even three times higher (P < 0.05) than those with IQ and was correlated with the degree of IQ conversion and 7-OH-IQ concentration. 27034248 12 46 theme three 1750:1754 arg1 times 1756:1760 times 1756:1760 times 1756:1760 The genotoxicity of samples containing 7-OH-IQ was even three times higher (P < 0.05) than those with IQ and was correlated with the degree of IQ conversion and 7-OH-IQ concentration. 27034248 5 47 theme IQ 992:993 arg1 quinoline 1026:1034 IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) 992:1035 IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) 992:1035 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 11 48 theme difficile 1611:1619 arg1 strain 1621:1626 one Clostridium difficile strain 1595:1626 one Clostridium difficile strain (LOCK 1030, from the culture collection) 1595:1667 Four Enterococcus isolates: two Enterococcus faecium and two Enterococcus faecalis strains, as well as one Clostridium difficile strain (LOCK 1030, from the culture collection) converted IQ to 7-OH-IQ. 27034248 7 49 theme comet 1213:1217 arg1 assay 1219:1223 the comet assay 1209:1223 the comet assay 1209:1223 Their genotoxicity was compared in the comet assay. 27034248 2 50 dep gastrointestinal 284:299 arg1 GI 302:303 GI 302:303 GI 302:303 The human gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining health in humans of different ages, and especially in the elderly. 27034248 5 51 theme fecal 731:735 arg1 microbiota 737:746 fecal microbiota 731:746 fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics 731:958 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 52 theme aged 896:899 arg1 years 907:911 aged 76-87 years 896:911 aged 76-87 years 896:911 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 11 53 theme faecium 1537:1543 arg1 strains 1575:1581 two Enterococcus faecium and two Enterococcus faecalis strains 1520:1581 two Enterococcus faecium and two Enterococcus faecalis strains 1520:1581 Four Enterococcus isolates: two Enterococcus faecium and two Enterococcus faecalis strains, as well as one Clostridium difficile strain (LOCK 1030, from the culture collection) converted IQ to 7-OH-IQ. 27034248 11 54 theme culture 1649:1655 arg1 collection 1657:1666 the culture collection 1645:1666 the culture collection 1645:1666 Four Enterococcus isolates: two Enterococcus faecium and two Enterococcus faecalis strains, as well as one Clostridium difficile strain (LOCK 1030, from the culture collection) converted IQ to 7-OH-IQ. 27034248 5 55 theme 76-87 901:905 arg1 years 907:911 aged 76-87 years 896:911 aged 76-87 years 896:911 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 56 theme 64-65 865:869 arg1 feces 765:769 the feces 761:769 the feces of 27 volunteers 761:786 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 56 theme 64-65 865:869 arg1 years 871:875 aged 64-65 years 860:875 aged 64-65 years 860:875 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 3 57 theme GI 433:434 arg1 responsible 511:521 responsible 511:521 responsible 511:521 However, the GI microbiota, whose metabolism and composition changes with age, may also be responsible for the activation of mutagenic substances reaching the colon with diet. 27034248 3 57 theme GI 433:434 arg1 microbiota 436:445 the GI microbiota 429:445 the GI microbiota 429:445 However, the GI microbiota, whose metabolism and composition changes with age, may also be responsible for the activation of mutagenic substances reaching the colon with diet. 27034248 8 58 theme Individual 1226:1235 arg1 strains 1237:1243 Individual strains 1226:1243 Individual strains capable of IQ transformation 1226:1272 Individual strains capable of IQ transformation were also identified. 27034248 0 59 theme in vitro 142:149 arg1 study 151:155 An in vitro study 139:155 An in vitro study 139:155 Prebiotics and age, but not probiotics affect the transformation of 2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) by fecal microbiota - An in vitro study. 27034248 8 60 theme transformation 1259:1272 arg1 capable 1245:1251 capable 1245:1251 capable 1245:1251 Individual strains capable of IQ transformation were also identified. 27034248 5 61 theme aged 824:827 arg1 adults 816:821 adults 816:821 adults (aged 23-39 years) 816:840 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 61 theme aged 824:827 arg1 years 835:839 aged 23-39 years 824:839 aged 23-39 years 824:839 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 11 62 theme faecalis 1566:1573 arg1 strains 1575:1581 two Enterococcus faecium and two Enterococcus faecalis strains 1520:1581 two Enterococcus faecium and two Enterococcus faecalis strains 1520:1581 Four Enterococcus isolates: two Enterococcus faecium and two Enterococcus faecalis strains, as well as one Clostridium difficile strain (LOCK 1030, from the culture collection) converted IQ to 7-OH-IQ. 27034248 10 63 theme IQ 1391:1392 arg1 conversion 1394:1403 IQ conversion 1391:1403 IQ conversion 1391:1403 The degree of IQ conversion ranged from 26% (4-month-old girl) to 94% (81-year-old woman) of the initial quantity. 27034248 5 64 theme volunteers 777:786 arg1 adults 816:821 adults 816:821 adults (aged 23-39 years) 816:840 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 64 theme volunteers 777:786 arg1 feces 765:769 the feces 761:769 the feces of 27 volunteers 761:786 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 64 theme volunteers 777:786 arg1 sub-elderly 847:857 the sub-elderly 843:857 the sub-elderly 843:857 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 64 theme volunteers 777:786 arg1 months 807:812 up to 18 months 798:812 up to 18 months 798:812 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 64 theme volunteers 777:786 arg1 years 835:839 aged 23-39 years 824:839 aged 23-39 years 824:839 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 64 theme volunteers 777:786 arg1 infants 789:795 infants 789:795 infants (up to 18 months) 789:813 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 64 theme volunteers 777:786 arg1 years 871:875 aged 64-65 years 860:875 aged 64-65 years 860:875 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 5 64 theme volunteers 777:786 arg1 presence 923:930 the presence 919:930 the presence of probiotics or prebiotics 919:958 The aim of the study was to determine if fecal microbiota derived from the feces of 27 volunteers: infants (up to 18 months), adults (aged 23-39 years), the sub-elderly (aged 64-65 years), and the elderly (aged 76-87 years), and the presence of probiotics or prebiotics, affected the transformation of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) to 7-OH-IQ (2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one). 27034248 3 65 theme substances 555:564 arg1 activation 531:540 the activation 527:540 the activation of mutagenic substances reaching the colon with diet 527:593 However, the GI microbiota, whose metabolism and composition changes with age, may also be responsible for the activation of mutagenic substances reaching the colon with diet. 27034248 9 66 theme elderly 1355:1361 arg1 individuals 1363:1373 four elderly individuals 1350:1373 four elderly individuals 1350:1373 7-OH-IQ was detected in six persons (two children and four elderly individuals). 27034248 12 67 theme 7-OH-IQ 1855:1861 arg1 concentration 1863:1875 7-OH-IQ concentration 1855:1875 7-OH-IQ concentration 1855:1875 The genotoxicity of samples containing 7-OH-IQ was even three times higher (P < 0.05) than those with IQ and was correlated with the degree of IQ conversion and 7-OH-IQ concentration. 25823690 14 0 theme GDNF 2335:2338 arg1 expression 2340:2349 GDNF expression 2335:2349 GDNF expression in WT-SMCs using shRNA interference 2335:2385 Supplementation of TLR2(-/-) neuronal cultures with GDNF recapitulated the WT-SMC co-culture effect whereas the knockdown of GDNF expression in WT-SMCs using shRNA interference abolished the effect on TLR2(-/-) neurons. 25823690 9 1 theme semi-quantitative 1573:1589 arg1 RT-PCR 1591:1596 semi-quantitative RT-PCR 1573:1596 semi-quantitative RT-PCR 1573:1596 As detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, SMCs expressed mRNA coding TLR1-9. 25823690 10 2 theme cell 1651:1654 arg1 populations 1656:1666 the tested cell populations 1640:1666 the tested cell populations 1640:1666 Among the tested cell populations, un-stimulated SMCs were the most prominent sources of neurotrophins. 25823690 1 3 theme system 262:267 arg1 integrity 229:237 the structural and functional integrity 199:237 the structural and functional integrity of the enteric nervous system (ENS) 199:273 Gut microbiota-innate immunity axis is emerging as a key player to guarantee the structural and functional integrity of the enteric nervous system (ENS). 25823690 7 4 theme TLR2 1419:1422 arg1 mice 1429:1432 WT or TLR2(-/-) mice 1413:1432 WT or TLR2(-/-) mice 1413:1432 To determine the role of neurotrophins in supporting the neuronal phenotype, we performed co-culture experiments of enteric neurons with the conditioned media of cells isolated from the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 5 5 dep wild-type 1003:1011 arg1 mice 1065:1068 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice 1043:1068 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice 1043:1068 In this study, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enteric glial cells (EGCs) and macrophages/dendritic cells (MΦ/DCs) were isolated and cultured from the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice. 25823690 5 5 dep wild-type 1003:1011 arg1 TLR2 1054:1057 TLR2 1054:1057 TLR2(-/-) 1054:1062 In this study, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enteric glial cells (EGCs) and macrophages/dendritic cells (MΦ/DCs) were isolated and cultured from the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice. 25823690 14 6 theme TLR2 2229:2232 arg1 cultures 2248:2255 TLR2(-/-) neuronal cultures 2229:2255 TLR2(-/-) neuronal cultures 2229:2255 Supplementation of TLR2(-/-) neuronal cultures with GDNF recapitulated the WT-SMC co-culture effect whereas the knockdown of GDNF expression in WT-SMCs using shRNA interference abolished the effect on TLR2(-/-) neurons. 25823690 12 7 theme smaller 1907:1913 arg1 networks 1995:2002 shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks 1967:2002 shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks 1967:2002 Enteric neurons isolated from TLR2(-/-) mice exhibited smaller ganglia, fewer HuC/D(+ve) and nNOS(+ve) neurons and shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks as compared to neurons cultured from WT mice. 25823690 12 7 theme smaller 1907:1913 arg1 neurons 1955:1961 fewer HuC/D(+ve) and nNOS(+ve) neurons 1924:1961 neurons 1955:1961 Enteric neurons isolated from TLR2(-/-) mice exhibited smaller ganglia, fewer HuC/D(+ve) and nNOS(+ve) neurons and shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks as compared to neurons cultured from WT mice. 25823690 12 7 theme smaller 1907:1913 arg1 ganglia 1915:1921 smaller ganglia 1907:1921 smaller ganglia 1907:1921 Enteric neurons isolated from TLR2(-/-) mice exhibited smaller ganglia, fewer HuC/D(+ve) and nNOS(+ve) neurons and shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks as compared to neurons cultured from WT mice. 25823690 12 7 theme smaller 1907:1913 arg1 HuC/D 1930:1934 HuC/D 1930:1934 HuC/D 1930:1934 Enteric neurons isolated from TLR2(-/-) mice exhibited smaller ganglia, fewer HuC/D(+ve) and nNOS(+ve) neurons and shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks as compared to neurons cultured from WT mice. 25823690 7 8 theme WT 1413:1414 arg1 mice 1429:1432 WT or TLR2(-/-) mice 1413:1432 WT or TLR2(-/-) mice 1413:1432 To determine the role of neurotrophins in supporting the neuronal phenotype, we performed co-culture experiments of enteric neurons with the conditioned media of cells isolated from the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 6 9 theme neurotrophins 1104:1116 arg1 levels 1094:1099 mRNA levels 1089:1099 mRNA levels of neurotrophins at baseline and following stimulation with TLR ligands 1089:1171 Quantification of mRNA levels of neurotrophins at baseline and following stimulation with TLR ligands was performed by RT-PCR. 25823690 13 10 theme TLR2 2194:2197 arg1 mice 2204:2207 TLR2(-/-) mice 2194:2207 TLR2(-/-) mice 2194:2207 The co-culture with the conditioned media from WT-SMCs but not with those from WT-EGCs or WT-MΦ/DCs corrected the altered neuronal phenotype of TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 12 11 theme TLR2 1882:1885 arg1 mice 1892:1895 TLR2(-/-) mice 1882:1895 TLR2(-/-) mice 1882:1895 Enteric neurons isolated from TLR2(-/-) mice exhibited smaller ganglia, fewer HuC/D(+ve) and nNOS(+ve) neurons and shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks as compared to neurons cultured from WT mice. 25823690 14 12 theme co-culture 2292:2301 arg1 effect 2303:2308 the WT-SMC co-culture effect 2281:2308 the WT-SMC co-culture effect 2281:2308 Supplementation of TLR2(-/-) neuronal cultures with GDNF recapitulated the WT-SMC co-culture effect whereas the knockdown of GDNF expression in WT-SMCs using shRNA interference abolished the effect on TLR2(-/-) neurons. 25823690 0 13 link glial-derived 45:57 arg1 factors 72:78 glial-derived neurotrophic factors 45:78 glial-derived neurotrophic factors 45:78 Toll like receptor-2 regulates production of glial-derived neurotrophic factors in murine intestinal smooth muscle cells. 25823690 6 14 theme levels 1094:1099 arg1 Quantification 1071:1084 Quantification 1071:1084 Quantification of mRNA levels of neurotrophins at baseline and following stimulation with TLR ligands 1071:1171 Quantification of mRNA levels of neurotrophins at baseline and following stimulation with TLR ligands was performed by RT-PCR. 25823690 3 15 theme TLR2 550:553 arg1 activation 555:564 TLR2 activation 550:564 TLR2 activation by microbial products 550:586 Indeed, TLR2 activation by microbial products controls the ENS structure and regulates intestinal neuromuscular function. 25823690 13 16 theme -/- 2199:2201 arg1 mice 2204:2207 TLR2(-/-) mice 2194:2207 TLR2(-/-) mice 2194:2207 The co-culture with the conditioned media from WT-SMCs but not with those from WT-EGCs or WT-MΦ/DCs corrected the altered neuronal phenotype of TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 12 17 theme -/- 1887:1889 arg1 mice 1892:1895 TLR2(-/-) mice 1882:1895 TLR2(-/-) mice 1882:1895 Enteric neurons isolated from TLR2(-/-) mice exhibited smaller ganglia, fewer HuC/D(+ve) and nNOS(+ve) neurons and shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks as compared to neurons cultured from WT mice. 25823690 2 18 theme disorders 531:539 arg1 variety 503:509 a variety 501:509 a variety of gastrointestinal disorders 501:539 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 2 18 theme disorders 531:539 arg1 disorders 531:539 gastrointestinal disorders 514:539 gastrointestinal disorders 514:539 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 7 19 theme neurons 1322:1328 arg1 experiments 1299:1309 co-culture experiments 1288:1309 co-culture experiments of enteric neurons 1288:1328 To determine the role of neurotrophins in supporting the neuronal phenotype, we performed co-culture experiments of enteric neurons with the conditioned media of cells isolated from the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 7 20 theme conditioned 1339:1349 arg1 media 1351:1355 the conditioned media 1335:1355 the conditioned media of cells isolated from the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice 1335:1432 To determine the role of neurotrophins in supporting the neuronal phenotype, we performed co-culture experiments of enteric neurons with the conditioned media of cells isolated from the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 16 21 theme novel 2686:2690 arg1 strategies 2704:2713 novel therapeutic strategies 2686:2713 novel therapeutic strategies 2686:2713 In this view, the SMCs represent an attractive target for novel therapeutic strategies. 25823690 1 22 theme functional 218:227 arg1 integrity 229:237 the structural and functional integrity 199:237 the structural and functional integrity of the enteric nervous system (ENS) 199:273 Gut microbiota-innate immunity axis is emerging as a key player to guarantee the structural and functional integrity of the enteric nervous system (ENS). 25823690 10 23 theme prominent 1702:1710 arg1 sources 1712:1718 the most prominent sources 1693:1718 the most prominent sources of neurotrophins 1693:1735 Among the tested cell populations, un-stimulated SMCs were the most prominent sources of neurotrophins. 25823690 10 23 theme prominent 1702:1710 arg1 SMCs 1683:1686 un-stimulated SMCs 1669:1686 un-stimulated SMCs 1669:1686 Among the tested cell populations, un-stimulated SMCs were the most prominent sources of neurotrophins. 25823690 1 24 theme structural 203:212 arg1 integrity 229:237 the structural and functional integrity 199:237 the structural and functional integrity of the enteric nervous system (ENS) 199:273 Gut microbiota-innate immunity axis is emerging as a key player to guarantee the structural and functional integrity of the enteric nervous system (ENS). 25823690 12 25 theme Enteric 1852:1858 arg1 neurons 1860:1866 Enteric neurons 1852:1866 Enteric neurons isolated from TLR2(-/-) mice 1852:1895 Enteric neurons isolated from TLR2(-/-) mice exhibited smaller ganglia, fewer HuC/D(+ve) and nNOS(+ve) neurons and shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks as compared to neurons cultured from WT mice. 25823690 11 26 theme Bdnf 1818:1821 arg1 levels 1836:1841 Gdnf, Ngf, Bdnf and Lif mRNA levels 1807:1841 Gdnf, Ngf, Bdnf and Lif mRNA levels in SMCs 1807:1849 Stimulation with TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 ligands further increased Gdnf, Ngf, Bdnf and Lif mRNA levels in SMCs. 25823690 12 27 theme βIII-tubulin 1975:1986 arg1 networks 1995:2002 shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks 1967:2002 shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks 1967:2002 Enteric neurons isolated from TLR2(-/-) mice exhibited smaller ganglia, fewer HuC/D(+ve) and nNOS(+ve) neurons and shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks as compared to neurons cultured from WT mice. 25823690 12 27 theme βIII-tubulin 1975:1986 arg1 ganglia 1915:1921 smaller ganglia 1907:1921 smaller ganglia 1907:1921 Enteric neurons isolated from TLR2(-/-) mice exhibited smaller ganglia, fewer HuC/D(+ve) and nNOS(+ve) neurons and shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks as compared to neurons cultured from WT mice. 25823690 7 28 dep mice 1429:1432 arg1 -/- 1424:1426 -/- 1424:1426 -/- 1424:1426 To determine the role of neurotrophins in supporting the neuronal phenotype, we performed co-culture experiments of enteric neurons with the conditioned media of cells isolated from the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 5 29 theme receptor-2 1032:1041 arg1 layer 994:998 the ileal longitudinal muscle layer 964:998 the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice 964:1068 In this study, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enteric glial cells (EGCs) and macrophages/dendritic cells (MΦ/DCs) were isolated and cultured from the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice. 25823690 5 30 theme muscle 843:848 arg1 SMCs 857:860 SMCs 857:860 SMCs 857:860 In this study, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enteric glial cells (EGCs) and macrophages/dendritic cells (MΦ/DCs) were isolated and cultured from the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice. 25823690 5 30 theme muscle 843:848 arg1 cells 850:854 smooth muscle cells 836:854 smooth muscle cells (SMCs) 836:861 In this study, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enteric glial cells (EGCs) and macrophages/dendritic cells (MΦ/DCs) were isolated and cultured from the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice. 25823690 7 31 theme enteric 1314:1320 arg1 neurons 1322:1328 enteric neurons 1314:1328 enteric neurons 1314:1328 To determine the role of neurotrophins in supporting the neuronal phenotype, we performed co-culture experiments of enteric neurons with the conditioned media of cells isolated from the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 11 32 from levels 1836:1841 arg1 SMCs 1846:1849 SMCs 1846:1849 SMCs 1846:1849 Stimulation with TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 ligands further increased Gdnf, Ngf, Bdnf and Lif mRNA levels in SMCs. 25823690 4 33 theme molecular 706:714 arg1 mechanisms 716:725 the molecular mechanisms 702:725 the molecular mechanisms 702:725 However, the cellular populations and the molecular mechanisms shaping the plasticity of enteric neurons in response to gut microbes are largely unexplored. 25823690 5 34 theme wild-type 1003:1011 arg1 layer 994:998 the ileal longitudinal muscle layer 964:998 the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice 964:1068 In this study, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enteric glial cells (EGCs) and macrophages/dendritic cells (MΦ/DCs) were isolated and cultured from the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice. 25823690 1 35 theme microbiota-innate 126:142 arg1 axis 153:156 Gut microbiota-innate immunity axis 122:156 Gut microbiota-innate immunity axis 122:156 Gut microbiota-innate immunity axis is emerging as a key player to guarantee the structural and functional integrity of the enteric nervous system (ENS). 25823690 4 36 theme cellular 677:684 arg1 populations 686:696 the cellular populations 673:696 the cellular populations 673:696 However, the cellular populations and the molecular mechanisms shaping the plasticity of enteric neurons in response to gut microbes are largely unexplored. 25823690 0 37 theme factors 72:78 arg1 production 31:40 production 31:40 production of glial-derived neurotrophic factors in murine intestinal smooth muscle cells 31:119 Toll like receptor-2 regulates production of glial-derived neurotrophic factors in murine intestinal smooth muscle cells. 25823690 12 38 attach isolated 1868:1875 arg1 mice 1892:1895 TLR2(-/-) mice 1882:1895 TLR2(-/-) mice 1882:1895 Enteric neurons isolated from TLR2(-/-) mice exhibited smaller ganglia, fewer HuC/D(+ve) and nNOS(+ve) neurons and shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks as compared to neurons cultured from WT mice. 25823690 12 38 attach isolated 1868:1875 arg2 neurons 1860:1866 Enteric neurons 1852:1866 Enteric neurons isolated from TLR2(-/-) mice 1852:1895 Enteric neurons isolated from TLR2(-/-) mice exhibited smaller ganglia, fewer HuC/D(+ve) and nNOS(+ve) neurons and shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks as compared to neurons cultured from WT mice. 25823690 5 39 theme enteric 864:870 arg1 EGCs 885:888 EGCs 885:888 EGCs 885:888 In this study, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enteric glial cells (EGCs) and macrophages/dendritic cells (MΦ/DCs) were isolated and cultured from the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice. 25823690 5 39 theme enteric 864:870 arg1 cells 878:882 enteric glial cells 864:882 enteric glial cells (EGCs) 864:889 In this study, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enteric glial cells (EGCs) and macrophages/dendritic cells (MΦ/DCs) were isolated and cultured from the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice. 25823690 2 40 from composition 295:305 arg1 signaling 345:353 signaling 345:353 signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 345:415 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 2 40 from composition 295:305 arg1 coding 457:462 the neurochemical coding 439:462 the neurochemical coding of the ENS 439:473 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 0 41 theme murine 83:88 arg1 cells 115:119 murine intestinal smooth muscle cells 83:119 murine intestinal smooth muscle cells 83:119 Toll like receptor-2 regulates production of glial-derived neurotrophic factors in murine intestinal smooth muscle cells. 25823690 14 42 from expression 2340:2349 arg1 WT-SMCs 2354:2360 WT-SMCs 2354:2360 WT-SMCs using shRNA interference 2354:2385 Supplementation of TLR2(-/-) neuronal cultures with GDNF recapitulated the WT-SMC co-culture effect whereas the knockdown of GDNF expression in WT-SMCs using shRNA interference abolished the effect on TLR2(-/-) neurons. 25823690 13 43 with co-culture 2054:2063 arg1 those 2118:2122 those 2118:2122 those 2118:2122 The co-culture with the conditioned media from WT-SMCs but not with those from WT-EGCs or WT-MΦ/DCs corrected the altered neuronal phenotype of TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 13 43 with co-culture 2054:2063 arg1 media 2086:2090 the conditioned media 2070:2090 the conditioned media from WT-SMCs 2070:2103 The co-culture with the conditioned media from WT-SMCs but not with those from WT-EGCs or WT-MΦ/DCs corrected the altered neuronal phenotype of TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 0 44 theme smooth 101:106 arg1 cells 115:119 murine intestinal smooth muscle cells 83:119 murine intestinal smooth muscle cells 83:119 Toll like receptor-2 regulates production of glial-derived neurotrophic factors in murine intestinal smooth muscle cells. 25823690 4 45 dep populations 686:696 arg1 shaping 727:733 shaping 727:733 shaping 727:733 However, the cellular populations and the molecular mechanisms shaping the plasticity of enteric neurons in response to gut microbes are largely unexplored. 25823690 6 46 with stimulation 1144:1154 arg1 ligands 1165:1171 TLR ligands 1161:1171 TLR ligands 1161:1171 Quantification of mRNA levels of neurotrophins at baseline and following stimulation with TLR ligands was performed by RT-PCR. 25823690 8 47 theme neuronal 1439:1446 arg1 phenotype 1448:1456 The neuronal phenotype 1435:1456 The neuronal phenotype 1435:1456 The neuronal phenotype was investigated evaluating the expression of βIII-tubulin, HuC/D, and nNOS by immunocytochemistry. 25823690 13 48 from WT-SMCs 2097:2103 arg1 media 2086:2090 the conditioned media 2070:2090 the conditioned media from WT-SMCs 2070:2103 The co-culture with the conditioned media from WT-SMCs but not with those from WT-EGCs or WT-MΦ/DCs corrected the altered neuronal phenotype of TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 0 49 from production 31:40 arg1 cells 115:119 murine intestinal smooth muscle cells 83:119 murine intestinal smooth muscle cells 83:119 Toll like receptor-2 regulates production of glial-derived neurotrophic factors in murine intestinal smooth muscle cells. 25823690 2 50 theme receptors 372:380 arg1 signaling 345:353 signaling 345:353 signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 345:415 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 4 51 theme enteric 753:759 arg1 neurons 761:767 enteric neurons 753:767 enteric neurons 753:767 However, the cellular populations and the molecular mechanisms shaping the plasticity of enteric neurons in response to gut microbes are largely unexplored. 25823690 15 52 theme factors 2578:2584 arg1 cocktail 2553:2560 a cocktail 2551:2560 a cocktail of neurotrophic factors that in turn supports neuronal phenotype 2551:2625 These data revealed that by exploiting the repertoire of TLRs to decode gut-microbial signals, intestinal SMCs elaborate a cocktail of neurotrophic factors that in turn supports neuronal phenotype. 25823690 14 53 from effect 2401:2406 arg1 neurons 2421:2427 TLR2(-/-) neurons 2411:2427 TLR2(-/-) neurons 2411:2427 Supplementation of TLR2(-/-) neuronal cultures with GDNF recapitulated the WT-SMC co-culture effect whereas the knockdown of GDNF expression in WT-SMCs using shRNA interference abolished the effect on TLR2(-/-) neurons. 25823690 3 54 theme neuromuscular 640:652 arg1 function 654:661 intestinal neuromuscular function 629:661 intestinal neuromuscular function 629:661 Indeed, TLR2 activation by microbial products controls the ENS structure and regulates intestinal neuromuscular function. 25823690 11 55 theme mRNA 1831:1834 arg1 levels 1836:1841 Gdnf, Ngf, Bdnf and Lif mRNA levels 1807:1841 Gdnf, Ngf, Bdnf and Lif mRNA levels in SMCs 1807:1849 Stimulation with TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 ligands further increased Gdnf, Ngf, Bdnf and Lif mRNA levels in SMCs. 25823690 5 56 theme muscle 987:992 arg1 layer 994:998 the ileal longitudinal muscle layer 964:998 the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice 964:1068 In this study, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enteric glial cells (EGCs) and macrophages/dendritic cells (MΦ/DCs) were isolated and cultured from the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice. 25823690 8 57 theme βIII-tubulin 1504:1515 arg1 expression 1490:1499 the expression 1486:1499 the expression of βIII-tubulin, HuC/D, and nNOS 1486:1532 The neuronal phenotype was investigated evaluating the expression of βIII-tubulin, HuC/D, and nNOS by immunocytochemistry. 25823690 14 58 from WT-SMCs 2354:2360 arg1 knockdown 2322:2330 the knockdown 2318:2330 the knockdown of GDNF expression in WT-SMCs using shRNA interference 2318:2385 Supplementation of TLR2(-/-) neuronal cultures with GDNF recapitulated the WT-SMC co-culture effect whereas the knockdown of GDNF expression in WT-SMCs using shRNA interference abolished the effect on TLR2(-/-) neurons. 25823690 10 59 theme tested 1644:1649 arg1 populations 1656:1666 the tested cell populations 1640:1666 the tested cell populations 1640:1666 Among the tested cell populations, un-stimulated SMCs were the most prominent sources of neurotrophins. 25823690 0 60 theme glial-derived 45:57 arg1 factors 72:78 glial-derived neurotrophic factors 45:78 glial-derived neurotrophic factors 45:78 Toll like receptor-2 regulates production of glial-derived neurotrophic factors in murine intestinal smooth muscle cells. 25823690 14 61 theme shRNA 2368:2372 arg1 interference 2374:2385 shRNA interference 2368:2385 shRNA interference 2368:2385 Supplementation of TLR2(-/-) neuronal cultures with GDNF recapitulated the WT-SMC co-culture effect whereas the knockdown of GDNF expression in WT-SMCs using shRNA interference abolished the effect on TLR2(-/-) neurons. 25823690 12 62 dep neurons 1955:1961 arg1 +ve 1950:1952 +ve 1950:1952 +ve 1950:1952 Enteric neurons isolated from TLR2(-/-) mice exhibited smaller ganglia, fewer HuC/D(+ve) and nNOS(+ve) neurons and shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks as compared to neurons cultured from WT mice. 25823690 8 63 theme HuC/D 1518:1522 arg1 expression 1490:1499 the expression 1486:1499 the expression of βIII-tubulin, HuC/D, and nNOS 1486:1532 The neuronal phenotype was investigated evaluating the expression of βIII-tubulin, HuC/D, and nNOS by immunocytochemistry. 25823690 14 64 with Supplementation 2210:2224 arg1 GDNF 2262:2265 GDNF 2262:2265 GDNF 2262:2265 Supplementation of TLR2(-/-) neuronal cultures with GDNF recapitulated the WT-SMC co-culture effect whereas the knockdown of GDNF expression in WT-SMCs using shRNA interference abolished the effect on TLR2(-/-) neurons. 25823690 2 65 theme microbiota 318:327 arg1 composition 295:305 the composition 291:305 the composition of the gut microbiota 291:327 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 2 65 theme microbiota 318:327 arg1 modifications 422:434 modifications 422:434 modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS 422:473 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 2 65 theme microbiota 318:327 arg1 derangement 330:340 derangement 330:340 derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 330:415 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 13 66 theme mice 2204:2207 arg1 phenotype 2181:2189 the altered neuronal phenotype 2160:2189 the altered neuronal phenotype of TLR2(-/-) mice 2160:2207 The co-culture with the conditioned media from WT-SMCs but not with those from WT-EGCs or WT-MΦ/DCs corrected the altered neuronal phenotype of TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 14 67 theme cultures 2248:2255 arg1 Supplementation 2210:2224 Supplementation 2210:2224 Supplementation of TLR2(-/-) neuronal cultures with GDNF 2210:2265 Supplementation of TLR2(-/-) neuronal cultures with GDNF recapitulated the WT-SMC co-culture effect whereas the knockdown of GDNF expression in WT-SMCs using shRNA interference abolished the effect on TLR2(-/-) neurons. 25823690 2 68 theme innate 358:363 arg1 receptors 400:408 Toll-like receptors 390:408 Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 390:415 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 2 68 theme innate 358:363 arg1 receptors 372:380 innate immune receptors 358:380 innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 358:415 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 14 69 theme expression 2340:2349 arg1 knockdown 2322:2330 the knockdown 2318:2330 the knockdown of GDNF expression in WT-SMCs using shRNA interference 2318:2385 Supplementation of TLR2(-/-) neuronal cultures with GDNF recapitulated the WT-SMC co-culture effect whereas the knockdown of GDNF expression in WT-SMCs using shRNA interference abolished the effect on TLR2(-/-) neurons. 25823690 5 70 theme ileal 968:972 arg1 layer 994:998 the ileal longitudinal muscle layer 964:998 the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice 964:1068 In this study, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enteric glial cells (EGCs) and macrophages/dendritic cells (MΦ/DCs) were isolated and cultured from the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice. 25823690 1 71 theme nervous 254:260 arg1 system 262:267 the enteric nervous system 242:267 the enteric nervous system (ENS) 242:273 Gut microbiota-innate immunity axis is emerging as a key player to guarantee the structural and functional integrity of the enteric nervous system (ENS). 25823690 1 71 theme nervous 254:260 arg1 ENS 270:272 ENS 270:272 ENS 270:272 Gut microbiota-innate immunity axis is emerging as a key player to guarantee the structural and functional integrity of the enteric nervous system (ENS). 25823690 16 72 theme attractive 2664:2673 arg1 target 2675:2680 an attractive target 2661:2680 an attractive target for novel therapeutic strategies 2661:2713 In this view, the SMCs represent an attractive target for novel therapeutic strategies. 25823690 2 73 from derangement 330:340 arg1 signaling 345:353 signaling 345:353 signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 345:415 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 2 73 from derangement 330:340 arg1 coding 457:462 the neurochemical coding 439:462 the neurochemical coding of the ENS 439:473 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 7 74 theme longitudinal 1384:1395 arg1 layer 1404:1408 the longitudinal muscle layer 1380:1408 the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice 1380:1432 To determine the role of neurotrophins in supporting the neuronal phenotype, we performed co-culture experiments of enteric neurons with the conditioned media of cells isolated from the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 15 75 theme neuronal 2608:2615 arg1 phenotype 2617:2625 neuronal phenotype 2608:2625 neuronal phenotype 2608:2625 These data revealed that by exploiting the repertoire of TLRs to decode gut-microbial signals, intestinal SMCs elaborate a cocktail of neurotrophic factors that in turn supports neuronal phenotype. 25823690 1 76 theme key 175:177 arg1 player 179:184 a key player 173:184 a key player to guarantee the structural and functional integrity of the enteric nervous system (ENS) 173:273 Gut microbiota-innate immunity axis is emerging as a key player to guarantee the structural and functional integrity of the enteric nervous system (ENS). 25823690 7 77 theme muscle 1397:1402 arg1 layer 1404:1408 the longitudinal muscle layer 1380:1408 the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice 1380:1432 To determine the role of neurotrophins in supporting the neuronal phenotype, we performed co-culture experiments of enteric neurons with the conditioned media of cells isolated from the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 12 78 theme axonal 1988:1993 arg1 networks 1995:2002 shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks 1967:2002 shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks 1967:2002 Enteric neurons isolated from TLR2(-/-) mice exhibited smaller ganglia, fewer HuC/D(+ve) and nNOS(+ve) neurons and shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks as compared to neurons cultured from WT mice. 25823690 12 78 theme axonal 1988:1993 arg1 ganglia 1915:1921 smaller ganglia 1907:1921 smaller ganglia 1907:1921 Enteric neurons isolated from TLR2(-/-) mice exhibited smaller ganglia, fewer HuC/D(+ve) and nNOS(+ve) neurons and shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks as compared to neurons cultured from WT mice. 25823690 10 79 theme neurotrophins 1723:1735 arg1 sources 1712:1718 the most prominent sources 1693:1718 the most prominent sources of neurotrophins 1693:1735 Among the tested cell populations, un-stimulated SMCs were the most prominent sources of neurotrophins. 25823690 10 79 theme neurotrophins 1723:1735 arg1 SMCs 1683:1686 un-stimulated SMCs 1669:1686 un-stimulated SMCs 1669:1686 Among the tested cell populations, un-stimulated SMCs were the most prominent sources of neurotrophins. 25823690 4 80 dep microbes 788:795 arg1 response 772:779 response 772:779 response 772:779 However, the cellular populations and the molecular mechanisms shaping the plasticity of enteric neurons in response to gut microbes are largely unexplored. 25823690 7 81 theme cells 1360:1364 arg1 media 1351:1355 the conditioned media 1335:1355 the conditioned media of cells isolated from the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice 1335:1432 To determine the role of neurotrophins in supporting the neuronal phenotype, we performed co-culture experiments of enteric neurons with the conditioned media of cells isolated from the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 16 82 theme therapeutic 2692:2702 arg1 strategies 2704:2713 novel therapeutic strategies 2686:2713 novel therapeutic strategies 2686:2713 In this view, the SMCs represent an attractive target for novel therapeutic strategies. 25823690 6 83 theme mRNA 1089:1092 arg1 levels 1094:1099 mRNA levels 1089:1099 mRNA levels of neurotrophins at baseline and following stimulation with TLR ligands 1089:1171 Quantification of mRNA levels of neurotrophins at baseline and following stimulation with TLR ligands was performed by RT-PCR. 25823690 2 84 theme gastrointestinal 514:529 arg1 disorders 531:539 gastrointestinal disorders 514:539 gastrointestinal disorders 514:539 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 5 85 theme Toll-like 1022:1030 arg1 receptor-2 1032:1041 Toll-like receptor-2 1022:1041 Toll-like receptor-2 1022:1041 In this study, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enteric glial cells (EGCs) and macrophages/dendritic cells (MΦ/DCs) were isolated and cultured from the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice. 25823690 3 86 theme microbial 569:577 arg1 products 579:586 microbial products 569:586 microbial products 569:586 Indeed, TLR2 activation by microbial products controls the ENS structure and regulates intestinal neuromuscular function. 25823690 5 87 theme smooth 836:841 arg1 SMCs 857:860 SMCs 857:860 SMCs 857:860 In this study, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enteric glial cells (EGCs) and macrophages/dendritic cells (MΦ/DCs) were isolated and cultured from the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice. 25823690 5 87 theme smooth 836:841 arg1 cells 850:854 smooth muscle cells 836:854 smooth muscle cells (SMCs) 836:861 In this study, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enteric glial cells (EGCs) and macrophages/dendritic cells (MΦ/DCs) were isolated and cultured from the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice. 25823690 12 88 theme shorter 1967:1973 arg1 networks 1995:2002 shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks 1967:2002 shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks 1967:2002 Enteric neurons isolated from TLR2(-/-) mice exhibited smaller ganglia, fewer HuC/D(+ve) and nNOS(+ve) neurons and shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks as compared to neurons cultured from WT mice. 25823690 12 88 theme shorter 1967:1973 arg1 ganglia 1915:1921 smaller ganglia 1907:1921 smaller ganglia 1907:1921 Enteric neurons isolated from TLR2(-/-) mice exhibited smaller ganglia, fewer HuC/D(+ve) and nNOS(+ve) neurons and shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks as compared to neurons cultured from WT mice. 25823690 5 89 theme deficient 1043:1051 arg1 mice 1065:1068 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice 1043:1068 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice 1043:1068 In this study, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enteric glial cells (EGCs) and macrophages/dendritic cells (MΦ/DCs) were isolated and cultured from the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice. 25823690 5 89 theme deficient 1043:1051 arg1 TLR2 1054:1057 TLR2 1054:1057 TLR2(-/-) 1054:1062 In this study, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enteric glial cells (EGCs) and macrophages/dendritic cells (MΦ/DCs) were isolated and cultured from the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice. 25823690 1 90 theme Gut 122:124 arg1 axis 153:156 Gut microbiota-innate immunity axis 122:156 Gut microbiota-innate immunity axis 122:156 Gut microbiota-innate immunity axis is emerging as a key player to guarantee the structural and functional integrity of the enteric nervous system (ENS). 25823690 6 91 theme TLR 1161:1163 arg1 ligands 1165:1171 TLR ligands 1161:1171 TLR ligands 1161:1171 Quantification of mRNA levels of neurotrophins at baseline and following stimulation with TLR ligands was performed by RT-PCR. 25823690 12 92 theme nNOS 1945:1948 arg1 neurons 1955:1961 fewer HuC/D(+ve) and nNOS(+ve) neurons 1924:1961 neurons 1955:1961 Enteric neurons isolated from TLR2(-/-) mice exhibited smaller ganglia, fewer HuC/D(+ve) and nNOS(+ve) neurons and shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks as compared to neurons cultured from WT mice. 25823690 12 92 theme nNOS 1945:1948 arg1 ganglia 1915:1921 smaller ganglia 1907:1921 smaller ganglia 1907:1921 Enteric neurons isolated from TLR2(-/-) mice exhibited smaller ganglia, fewer HuC/D(+ve) and nNOS(+ve) neurons and shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks as compared to neurons cultured from WT mice. 25823690 7 93 attach isolated 1366:1373 arg2 cells 1360:1364 cells 1360:1364 cells isolated from the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice 1360:1432 To determine the role of neurotrophins in supporting the neuronal phenotype, we performed co-culture experiments of enteric neurons with the conditioned media of cells isolated from the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 7 93 attach isolated 1366:1373 arg1 layer 1404:1408 the longitudinal muscle layer 1380:1408 the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice 1380:1432 To determine the role of neurotrophins in supporting the neuronal phenotype, we performed co-culture experiments of enteric neurons with the conditioned media of cells isolated from the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 3 94 theme ENS 601:603 arg1 structure 605:613 the ENS structure 597:613 the ENS structure 597:613 Indeed, TLR2 activation by microbial products controls the ENS structure and regulates intestinal neuromuscular function. 25823690 1 95 theme immunity 144:151 arg1 axis 153:156 Gut microbiota-innate immunity axis 122:156 Gut microbiota-innate immunity axis 122:156 Gut microbiota-innate immunity axis is emerging as a key player to guarantee the structural and functional integrity of the enteric nervous system (ENS). 25823690 15 96 theme intestinal 2525:2534 arg1 SMCs 2536:2539 intestinal SMCs 2525:2539 intestinal SMCs 2525:2539 These data revealed that by exploiting the repertoire of TLRs to decode gut-microbial signals, intestinal SMCs elaborate a cocktail of neurotrophic factors that in turn supports neuronal phenotype. 25823690 2 97 from Alterations 276:286 arg1 modifications 422:434 modifications 422:434 modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS 422:473 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 2 97 from Alterations 276:286 arg1 composition 295:305 the composition 291:305 the composition of the gut microbiota 291:327 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 2 97 from Alterations 276:286 arg1 derangement 330:340 derangement 330:340 derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 330:415 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 2 98 theme ENS 471:473 arg1 coding 457:462 the neurochemical coding 439:462 the neurochemical coding of the ENS 439:473 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 7 99 theme co-culture 1288:1297 arg1 experiments 1299:1309 co-culture experiments 1288:1309 co-culture experiments of enteric neurons 1288:1328 To determine the role of neurotrophins in supporting the neuronal phenotype, we performed co-culture experiments of enteric neurons with the conditioned media of cells isolated from the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 15 100 theme gut-microbial 2502:2514 arg1 signals 2516:2522 gut-microbial signals 2502:2522 gut-microbial signals 2502:2522 These data revealed that by exploiting the repertoire of TLRs to decode gut-microbial signals, intestinal SMCs elaborate a cocktail of neurotrophic factors that in turn supports neuronal phenotype. 25823690 0 101 theme intestinal 90:99 arg1 cells 115:119 murine intestinal smooth muscle cells 83:119 murine intestinal smooth muscle cells 83:119 Toll like receptor-2 regulates production of glial-derived neurotrophic factors in murine intestinal smooth muscle cells. 25823690 11 102 theme Gdnf 1807:1810 arg1 levels 1836:1841 Gdnf, Ngf, Bdnf and Lif mRNA levels 1807:1841 Gdnf, Ngf, Bdnf and Lif mRNA levels in SMCs 1807:1849 Stimulation with TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 ligands further increased Gdnf, Ngf, Bdnf and Lif mRNA levels in SMCs. 25823690 5 103 theme glial 872:876 arg1 EGCs 885:888 EGCs 885:888 EGCs 885:888 In this study, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enteric glial cells (EGCs) and macrophages/dendritic cells (MΦ/DCs) were isolated and cultured from the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice. 25823690 5 103 theme glial 872:876 arg1 cells 878:882 enteric glial cells 864:882 enteric glial cells (EGCs) 864:889 In this study, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enteric glial cells (EGCs) and macrophages/dendritic cells (MΦ/DCs) were isolated and cultured from the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice. 25823690 2 104 from modifications 422:434 arg1 signaling 345:353 signaling 345:353 signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 345:415 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 2 104 from modifications 422:434 arg1 coding 457:462 the neurochemical coding 439:462 the neurochemical coding of the ENS 439:473 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 14 105 from knockdown 2322:2330 arg1 WT-SMCs 2354:2360 WT-SMCs 2354:2360 WT-SMCs using shRNA interference 2354:2385 Supplementation of TLR2(-/-) neuronal cultures with GDNF recapitulated the WT-SMC co-culture effect whereas the knockdown of GDNF expression in WT-SMCs using shRNA interference abolished the effect on TLR2(-/-) neurons. 25823690 0 106 theme muscle 108:113 arg1 cells 115:119 murine intestinal smooth muscle cells 83:119 murine intestinal smooth muscle cells 83:119 Toll like receptor-2 regulates production of glial-derived neurotrophic factors in murine intestinal smooth muscle cells. 25823690 14 107 theme TLR2 2411:2414 arg1 neurons 2421:2427 TLR2(-/-) neurons 2411:2427 TLR2(-/-) neurons 2411:2427 Supplementation of TLR2(-/-) neuronal cultures with GDNF recapitulated the WT-SMC co-culture effect whereas the knockdown of GDNF expression in WT-SMCs using shRNA interference abolished the effect on TLR2(-/-) neurons. 25823690 4 108 theme neurons 761:767 arg1 plasticity 739:748 the plasticity 735:748 the plasticity of enteric neurons in response to gut microbes 735:795 However, the cellular populations and the molecular mechanisms shaping the plasticity of enteric neurons in response to gut microbes are largely unexplored. 25823690 11 109 theme TLR9 1776:1779 arg1 ligands 1781:1787 TLR9 ligands 1776:1787 TLR9 ligands 1776:1787 Stimulation with TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 ligands further increased Gdnf, Ngf, Bdnf and Lif mRNA levels in SMCs. 25823690 15 110 theme TLRs 2487:2490 arg1 TLRs 2487:2490 TLRs 2487:2490 TLRs 2487:2490 These data revealed that by exploiting the repertoire of TLRs to decode gut-microbial signals, intestinal SMCs elaborate a cocktail of neurotrophic factors that in turn supports neuronal phenotype. 25823690 15 110 theme TLRs 2487:2490 arg1 repertoire 2473:2482 the repertoire 2469:2482 the repertoire of TLRs 2469:2490 These data revealed that by exploiting the repertoire of TLRs to decode gut-microbial signals, intestinal SMCs elaborate a cocktail of neurotrophic factors that in turn supports neuronal phenotype. 25823690 13 111 theme altered 2164:2170 arg1 phenotype 2181:2189 the altered neuronal phenotype 2160:2189 the altered neuronal phenotype of TLR2(-/-) mice 2160:2207 The co-culture with the conditioned media from WT-SMCs but not with those from WT-EGCs or WT-MΦ/DCs corrected the altered neuronal phenotype of TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 6 112 from baseline 1121:1128 arg1 neurotrophins 1104:1116 neurotrophins 1104:1116 neurotrophins at baseline and following stimulation with TLR ligands 1104:1171 Quantification of mRNA levels of neurotrophins at baseline and following stimulation with TLR ligands was performed by RT-PCR. 25823690 6 112 from baseline 1121:1128 arg1 levels 1094:1099 mRNA levels 1089:1099 mRNA levels of neurotrophins at baseline and following stimulation with TLR ligands 1089:1171 Quantification of mRNA levels of neurotrophins at baseline and following stimulation with TLR ligands was performed by RT-PCR. 25823690 11 113 theme Lif 1827:1829 arg1 levels 1836:1841 Gdnf, Ngf, Bdnf and Lif mRNA levels 1807:1841 Gdnf, Ngf, Bdnf and Lif mRNA levels in SMCs 1807:1849 Stimulation with TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 ligands further increased Gdnf, Ngf, Bdnf and Lif mRNA levels in SMCs. 25823690 11 114 with Stimulation 1738:1748 arg1 ligands 1781:1787 TLR9 ligands 1776:1787 TLR9 ligands 1776:1787 Stimulation with TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 ligands further increased Gdnf, Ngf, Bdnf and Lif mRNA levels in SMCs. 25823690 11 114 with Stimulation 1738:1748 arg1 TLR4 1761:1764 TLR4 1761:1764 TLR4 1761:1764 Stimulation with TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 ligands further increased Gdnf, Ngf, Bdnf and Lif mRNA levels in SMCs. 25823690 11 114 with Stimulation 1738:1748 arg1 TLR2 1755:1758 TLR2 1755:1758 TLR2 1755:1758 Stimulation with TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 ligands further increased Gdnf, Ngf, Bdnf and Lif mRNA levels in SMCs. 25823690 11 114 with Stimulation 1738:1748 arg1 TLR5 1767:1770 TLR5 1767:1770 TLR5 1767:1770 Stimulation with TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 ligands further increased Gdnf, Ngf, Bdnf and Lif mRNA levels in SMCs. 25823690 5 115 theme macrophages/dendritic 895:915 arg1 MΦ/DCs 924:929 MΦ/DCs 924:929 MΦ/DCs 924:929 In this study, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enteric glial cells (EGCs) and macrophages/dendritic cells (MΦ/DCs) were isolated and cultured from the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice. 25823690 5 115 theme macrophages/dendritic 895:915 arg1 cells 917:921 macrophages/dendritic cells 895:921 macrophages/dendritic cells (MΦ/DCs) 895:930 In this study, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enteric glial cells (EGCs) and macrophages/dendritic cells (MΦ/DCs) were isolated and cultured from the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice. 25823690 7 116 theme neuronal 1255:1262 arg1 phenotype 1264:1272 the neuronal phenotype 1251:1272 the neuronal phenotype 1251:1272 To determine the role of neurotrophins in supporting the neuronal phenotype, we performed co-culture experiments of enteric neurons with the conditioned media of cells isolated from the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 2 117 theme immune 365:370 arg1 receptors 400:408 Toll-like receptors 390:408 Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 390:415 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 2 117 theme immune 365:370 arg1 receptors 372:380 innate immune receptors 358:380 innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 358:415 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 15 118 theme neurotrophic 2565:2576 arg1 factors 2578:2584 neurotrophic factors 2565:2584 neurotrophic factors 2565:2584 These data revealed that by exploiting the repertoire of TLRs to decode gut-microbial signals, intestinal SMCs elaborate a cocktail of neurotrophic factors that in turn supports neuronal phenotype. 25823690 3 119 theme intestinal 629:638 arg1 function 654:661 intestinal neuromuscular function 629:661 intestinal neuromuscular function 629:661 Indeed, TLR2 activation by microbial products controls the ENS structure and regulates intestinal neuromuscular function. 25823690 6 120 from levels 1094:1099 arg1 baseline 1121:1128 baseline 1121:1128 baseline 1121:1128 Quantification of mRNA levels of neurotrophins at baseline and following stimulation with TLR ligands was performed by RT-PCR. 25823690 10 121 theme un-stimulated 1669:1681 arg1 sources 1712:1718 the most prominent sources 1693:1718 the most prominent sources of neurotrophins 1693:1735 Among the tested cell populations, un-stimulated SMCs were the most prominent sources of neurotrophins. 25823690 10 121 theme un-stimulated 1669:1681 arg1 SMCs 1683:1686 un-stimulated SMCs 1669:1686 un-stimulated SMCs 1669:1686 Among the tested cell populations, un-stimulated SMCs were the most prominent sources of neurotrophins. 25823690 13 122 theme neuronal 2172:2179 arg1 phenotype 2181:2189 the altered neuronal phenotype 2160:2189 the altered neuronal phenotype of TLR2(-/-) mice 2160:2207 The co-culture with the conditioned media from WT-SMCs but not with those from WT-EGCs or WT-MΦ/DCs corrected the altered neuronal phenotype of TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 5 123 theme longitudinal 974:985 arg1 layer 994:998 the ileal longitudinal muscle layer 964:998 the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice 964:1068 In this study, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enteric glial cells (EGCs) and macrophages/dendritic cells (MΦ/DCs) were isolated and cultured from the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice. 25823690 7 124 theme neurotrophins 1223:1235 arg1 role 1215:1218 the role 1211:1218 the role of neurotrophins in supporting the neuronal phenotype 1211:1272 To determine the role of neurotrophins in supporting the neuronal phenotype, we performed co-culture experiments of enteric neurons with the conditioned media of cells isolated from the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 2 125 theme neurochemical 443:455 arg1 coding 457:462 the neurochemical coding 439:462 the neurochemical coding of the ENS 439:473 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 12 126 theme WT 2041:2042 arg1 mice 2044:2047 WT mice 2041:2047 WT mice 2041:2047 Enteric neurons isolated from TLR2(-/-) mice exhibited smaller ganglia, fewer HuC/D(+ve) and nNOS(+ve) neurons and shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks as compared to neurons cultured from WT mice. 25823690 14 127 theme WT-SMC 2285:2290 arg1 effect 2303:2308 the WT-SMC co-culture effect 2281:2308 the WT-SMC co-culture effect 2281:2308 Supplementation of TLR2(-/-) neuronal cultures with GDNF recapitulated the WT-SMC co-culture effect whereas the knockdown of GDNF expression in WT-SMCs using shRNA interference abolished the effect on TLR2(-/-) neurons. 25823690 2 128 theme Toll-like 390:398 arg1 receptors 400:408 Toll-like receptors 390:408 Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 390:415 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 2 128 theme Toll-like 390:398 arg1 TLRs 411:414 TLRs 411:414 TLRs 411:414 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 0 129 theme neurotrophic 59:70 arg1 factors 72:78 glial-derived neurotrophic factors 45:78 glial-derived neurotrophic factors 45:78 Toll like receptor-2 regulates production of glial-derived neurotrophic factors in murine intestinal smooth muscle cells. 25823690 13 130 theme conditioned 2074:2084 arg1 media 2086:2090 the conditioned media 2070:2090 the conditioned media from WT-SMCs 2070:2103 The co-culture with the conditioned media from WT-SMCs but not with those from WT-EGCs or WT-MΦ/DCs corrected the altered neuronal phenotype of TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 8 131 theme nNOS 1529:1532 arg1 expression 1490:1499 the expression 1486:1499 the expression of βIII-tubulin, HuC/D, and nNOS 1486:1532 The neuronal phenotype was investigated evaluating the expression of βIII-tubulin, HuC/D, and nNOS by immunocytochemistry. 25823690 4 132 theme gut 784:786 arg1 microbes 788:795 gut microbes 784:795 gut microbes 784:795 However, the cellular populations and the molecular mechanisms shaping the plasticity of enteric neurons in response to gut microbes are largely unexplored. 25823690 2 133 theme gut 314:316 arg1 microbiota 318:327 the gut microbiota 310:327 the gut microbiota 310:327 Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. 25823690 7 134 theme mice 1429:1432 arg1 layer 1404:1408 the longitudinal muscle layer 1380:1408 the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice 1380:1432 To determine the role of neurotrophins in supporting the neuronal phenotype, we performed co-culture experiments of enteric neurons with the conditioned media of cells isolated from the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice. 25823690 14 135 theme neuronal 2239:2246 arg1 cultures 2248:2255 TLR2(-/-) neuronal cultures 2229:2255 TLR2(-/-) neuronal cultures 2229:2255 Supplementation of TLR2(-/-) neuronal cultures with GDNF recapitulated the WT-SMC co-culture effect whereas the knockdown of GDNF expression in WT-SMCs using shRNA interference abolished the effect on TLR2(-/-) neurons. 25823690 11 136 theme Ngf 1813:1815 arg1 levels 1836:1841 Gdnf, Ngf, Bdnf and Lif mRNA levels 1807:1841 Gdnf, Ngf, Bdnf and Lif mRNA levels in SMCs 1807:1849 Stimulation with TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 ligands further increased Gdnf, Ngf, Bdnf and Lif mRNA levels in SMCs. 25823690 1 137 theme enteric 246:252 arg1 system 262:267 the enteric nervous system 242:267 the enteric nervous system (ENS) 242:273 Gut microbiota-innate immunity axis is emerging as a key player to guarantee the structural and functional integrity of the enteric nervous system (ENS). 25823690 1 137 theme enteric 246:252 arg1 ENS 270:272 ENS 270:272 ENS 270:272 Gut microbiota-innate immunity axis is emerging as a key player to guarantee the structural and functional integrity of the enteric nervous system (ENS). 25296719 0 0 with column 31:36 arg1 A 68:68 immobilized concanavalin A 43:68 immobilized concanavalin A 43:68 Macroporous cryogel based spin column with immobilized concanavalin A for isolation of glycoproteins. 25296719 1 1 theme poly 147:150 arg1 cryogel 215:221 a hydrophilic poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) cryogel 133:221 a hydrophilic poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) cryogel placed in the centrifugal filter device 133:261 In this work we have developed a hydrophilic poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) cryogel placed in the centrifugal filter device. 25296719 1 2 theme centrifugal 237:247 arg1 device 256:261 the centrifugal filter device 233:261 the centrifugal filter device 233:261 In this work we have developed a hydrophilic poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) cryogel placed in the centrifugal filter device. 25296719 2 3 with material 388:395 arg1 distribution 420:431 bimodal pore size distribution 402:431 bimodal pore size distribution 402:431 The composition of the polymerization mixture as well as the polymerization conditions were optimized in order to prepare a material with bimodal pore size distribution with 20-50 μm flow through macropores and submicrometer pores in the polymer walls. 25296719 4 4 dep affinity 758:765 arg1 supports 767:774 supports 767:774 supports 767:774 The surface of the monolithic scaffold was activated by epichlorohydrin and used for immobilization of concanavalin A to provide the affinity supports for selective isolation of glycoproteins containing high mannose glycan structures. 25296719 1 5 theme filter 249:254 arg1 device 256:261 the centrifugal filter device 233:261 the centrifugal filter device 233:261 In this work we have developed a hydrophilic poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) cryogel placed in the centrifugal filter device. 25296719 3 6 dep optimized 521:529 arg1 stable 545:550 stable 545:550 stable 545:550 The optimized, mechanically stable, highly porous, material was used for spin column lectin chromatography. 25296719 3 6 dep optimized 521:529 arg1 porous 560:565 porous 560:565 porous 560:565 The optimized, mechanically stable, highly porous, material was used for spin column lectin chromatography. 25296719 0 7 theme glycoproteins 87:99 arg1 isolation 74:82 isolation 74:82 isolation of glycoproteins 74:99 Macroporous cryogel based spin column with immobilized concanavalin A for isolation of glycoproteins. 25296719 5 8 theme mixtures 960:967 arg1 analyses 935:942 analyses 935:942 analyses of glycoprotein mixtures 935:967 The performance of the developed lectin modified cryogels was evaluated by analyses of glycoprotein mixtures. 25296719 5 9 theme developed 883:891 arg1 cryogels 909:916 the developed lectin modified cryogels 879:916 the developed lectin modified cryogels 879:916 The performance of the developed lectin modified cryogels was evaluated by analyses of glycoprotein mixtures. 25296719 4 10 theme selective 780:788 arg1 isolation 790:798 selective isolation 780:798 selective isolation of glycoproteins containing high mannose glycan structures 780:857 The surface of the monolithic scaffold was activated by epichlorohydrin and used for immobilization of concanavalin A to provide the affinity supports for selective isolation of glycoproteins containing high mannose glycan structures. 25296719 5 11 theme glycoprotein 947:958 arg1 mixtures 960:967 glycoprotein mixtures 947:967 glycoprotein mixtures 947:967 The performance of the developed lectin modified cryogels was evaluated by analyses of glycoprotein mixtures. 25296719 1 12 theme hydroxyethyl 152:163 arg1 methacrylate-co-poly 165:184 hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly 152:184 hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate 152:212 In this work we have developed a hydrophilic poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) cryogel placed in the centrifugal filter device. 25296719 1 12 theme hydroxyethyl 152:163 arg1 glycol 195:200 ethylene glycol 186:200 ethylene glycol 186:200 In this work we have developed a hydrophilic poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) cryogel placed in the centrifugal filter device. 25296719 2 13 theme 20-50 μm 438:445 arg1 flow 447:450 20-50 μm flow 438:450 20-50 μm flow through macropores and submicrometer pores in the polymer walls 438:514 The composition of the polymerization mixture as well as the polymerization conditions were optimized in order to prepare a material with bimodal pore size distribution with 20-50 μm flow through macropores and submicrometer pores in the polymer walls. 25296719 1 14 theme methacrylate-co-poly 165:184 arg1 poly 147:150 hydrophilic poly 135:150 a hydrophilic poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) cryogel placed in the centrifugal filter device 133:261 In this work we have developed a hydrophilic poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) cryogel placed in the centrifugal filter device. 25296719 1 14 theme methacrylate-co-poly 165:184 arg1 diacrylate 203:212 hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate 152:212 hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate 152:212 In this work we have developed a hydrophilic poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) cryogel placed in the centrifugal filter device. 25296719 4 15 gly glycoproteins 803:815 arg1 glycoproteins 803:815 glycoproteins 803:815 glycoproteins containing high mannose glycan structures 803:857 The surface of the monolithic scaffold was activated by epichlorohydrin and used for immobilization of concanavalin A to provide the affinity supports for selective isolation of glycoproteins containing high mannose glycan structures. 25296719 4 16 used used 701:704 arg2 surface 629:635 The surface 625:635 The surface of the monolithic scaffold 625:662 The surface of the monolithic scaffold was activated by epichlorohydrin and used for immobilization of concanavalin A to provide the affinity supports for selective isolation of glycoproteins containing high mannose glycan structures. 25296719 0 17 gly glycoproteins 87:99 arg1 glycoproteins 87:99 glycoproteins 87:99 glycoproteins 87:99 Macroporous cryogel based spin column with immobilized concanavalin A for isolation of glycoproteins. 25296719 5 18 theme lectin 893:898 arg1 cryogels 909:916 the developed lectin modified cryogels 879:916 the developed lectin modified cryogels 879:916 The performance of the developed lectin modified cryogels was evaluated by analyses of glycoprotein mixtures. 25296719 0 19 theme Macroporous 0:10 arg1 cryogel 12:18 Macroporous cryogel 0:18 Macroporous cryogel 0:18 Macroporous cryogel based spin column with immobilized concanavalin A for isolation of glycoproteins. 25296719 6 20 theme affinity 1008:1015 arg1 efficiency 974:983 efficiency 974:983 efficiency 974:983 The efficiency and selectivity of the affinity supports were confirmed by MALDI-MS analysis. 25296719 6 20 theme affinity 1008:1015 arg1 selectivity 989:999 selectivity 989:999 selectivity 989:999 The efficiency and selectivity of the affinity supports were confirmed by MALDI-MS analysis. 25296719 4 21 theme A 741:741 arg1 immobilization 710:723 immobilization 710:723 immobilization of concanavalin A to provide the affinity supports for selective isolation of glycoproteins containing high mannose glycan structures 710:857 The surface of the monolithic scaffold was activated by epichlorohydrin and used for immobilization of concanavalin A to provide the affinity supports for selective isolation of glycoproteins containing high mannose glycan structures. 25296719 1 22 theme ethylene 186:193 arg1 methacrylate-co-poly 165:184 hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly 152:184 hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate 152:212 In this work we have developed a hydrophilic poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) cryogel placed in the centrifugal filter device. 25296719 1 22 theme ethylene 186:193 arg1 glycol 195:200 ethylene glycol 186:200 ethylene glycol 186:200 In this work we have developed a hydrophilic poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) cryogel placed in the centrifugal filter device. 25296719 0 23 theme spin 26:29 arg1 column 31:36 spin column 26:36 spin column with immobilized concanavalin A for isolation of glycoproteins 26:99 Macroporous cryogel based spin column with immobilized concanavalin A for isolation of glycoproteins. 25296719 2 24 theme mixture 302:308 arg1 conditions 340:349 the polymerization conditions 321:349 The composition of the polymerization mixture as well as the polymerization conditions 264:349 The composition of the polymerization mixture as well as the polymerization conditions were optimized in order to prepare a material with bimodal pore size distribution with 20-50 μm flow through macropores and submicrometer pores in the polymer walls. 25296719 2 24 theme mixture 302:308 arg1 composition 268:278 The composition 264:278 The composition of the polymerization mixture as well as the polymerization conditions 264:349 The composition of the polymerization mixture as well as the polymerization conditions were optimized in order to prepare a material with bimodal pore size distribution with 20-50 μm flow through macropores and submicrometer pores in the polymer walls. 25296719 2 25 theme size 415:418 arg1 distribution 420:431 bimodal pore size distribution 402:431 bimodal pore size distribution 402:431 The composition of the polymerization mixture as well as the polymerization conditions were optimized in order to prepare a material with bimodal pore size distribution with 20-50 μm flow through macropores and submicrometer pores in the polymer walls. 25296719 2 26 theme polymerization 287:300 arg1 mixture 302:308 the polymerization mixture 283:308 the polymerization mixture 283:308 The composition of the polymerization mixture as well as the polymerization conditions were optimized in order to prepare a material with bimodal pore size distribution with 20-50 μm flow through macropores and submicrometer pores in the polymer walls. 25296719 2 27 theme pore 410:413 arg1 distribution 420:431 bimodal pore size distribution 402:431 bimodal pore size distribution 402:431 The composition of the polymerization mixture as well as the polymerization conditions were optimized in order to prepare a material with bimodal pore size distribution with 20-50 μm flow through macropores and submicrometer pores in the polymer walls. 25296719 2 28 theme submicrometer 475:487 arg1 pores 489:493 macropores and submicrometer pores 460:493 macropores and submicrometer pores in the polymer walls 460:514 The composition of the polymerization mixture as well as the polymerization conditions were optimized in order to prepare a material with bimodal pore size distribution with 20-50 μm flow through macropores and submicrometer pores in the polymer walls. 25296719 2 29 from pores 489:493 arg1 walls 510:514 the polymer walls 498:514 the polymer walls 498:514 The composition of the polymerization mixture as well as the polymerization conditions were optimized in order to prepare a material with bimodal pore size distribution with 20-50 μm flow through macropores and submicrometer pores in the polymer walls. 25296719 4 30 theme mannose 833:839 arg1 structures 848:857 high mannose glycan structures 828:857 high mannose glycan structures 828:857 The surface of the monolithic scaffold was activated by epichlorohydrin and used for immobilization of concanavalin A to provide the affinity supports for selective isolation of glycoproteins containing high mannose glycan structures. 25296719 5 31 theme modified 900:907 arg1 cryogels 909:916 the developed lectin modified cryogels 879:916 the developed lectin modified cryogels 879:916 The performance of the developed lectin modified cryogels was evaluated by analyses of glycoprotein mixtures. 25296719 2 32 theme bimodal 402:408 arg1 distribution 420:431 bimodal pore size distribution 402:431 bimodal pore size distribution 402:431 The composition of the polymerization mixture as well as the polymerization conditions were optimized in order to prepare a material with bimodal pore size distribution with 20-50 μm flow through macropores and submicrometer pores in the polymer walls. 25296719 4 33 theme scaffold 655:662 arg1 surface 629:635 The surface 625:635 The surface of the monolithic scaffold 625:662 The surface of the monolithic scaffold was activated by epichlorohydrin and used for immobilization of concanavalin A to provide the affinity supports for selective isolation of glycoproteins containing high mannose glycan structures. 25296719 5 34 gly glycoprotein 947:958 arg1 glycoprotein 947:958 glycoprotein mixtures 947:967 glycoprotein mixtures 947:967 The performance of the developed lectin modified cryogels was evaluated by analyses of glycoprotein mixtures. 25296719 3 35 theme spin 590:593 arg1 chromatography 609:622 spin column lectin chromatography 590:622 spin column lectin chromatography 590:622 The optimized, mechanically stable, highly porous, material was used for spin column lectin chromatography. 25296719 0 36 theme concanavalin 55:66 arg1 A 68:68 immobilized concanavalin A 43:68 immobilized concanavalin A 43:68 Macroporous cryogel based spin column with immobilized concanavalin A for isolation of glycoproteins. 25296719 6 37 dep efficiency 974:983 arg1 The 970:972 The 970:972 The 970:972 The efficiency and selectivity of the affinity supports were confirmed by MALDI-MS analysis. 25296719 3 38 used used 581:584 arg2 material 568:575 The optimized, mechanically stable, highly porous, material 517:575 The optimized, mechanically stable, highly porous, material 517:575 The optimized, mechanically stable, highly porous, material was used for spin column lectin chromatography. 25296719 0 39 theme immobilized 43:53 arg1 A 68:68 immobilized concanavalin A 43:68 immobilized concanavalin A 43:68 Macroporous cryogel based spin column with immobilized concanavalin A for isolation of glycoproteins. 25296719 4 40 theme glycan 841:846 arg1 structures 848:857 high mannose glycan structures 828:857 high mannose glycan structures 828:857 The surface of the monolithic scaffold was activated by epichlorohydrin and used for immobilization of concanavalin A to provide the affinity supports for selective isolation of glycoproteins containing high mannose glycan structures. 25296719 2 41 theme polymerization 325:338 arg1 conditions 340:349 the polymerization conditions 321:349 The composition of the polymerization mixture as well as the polymerization conditions 264:349 The composition of the polymerization mixture as well as the polymerization conditions were optimized in order to prepare a material with bimodal pore size distribution with 20-50 μm flow through macropores and submicrometer pores in the polymer walls. 25296719 4 42 theme glycoproteins 803:815 arg1 isolation 790:798 selective isolation 780:798 selective isolation of glycoproteins containing high mannose glycan structures 780:857 The surface of the monolithic scaffold was activated by epichlorohydrin and used for immobilization of concanavalin A to provide the affinity supports for selective isolation of glycoproteins containing high mannose glycan structures. 25296719 4 43 theme high 828:831 arg1 structures 848:857 high mannose glycan structures 828:857 high mannose glycan structures 828:857 The surface of the monolithic scaffold was activated by epichlorohydrin and used for immobilization of concanavalin A to provide the affinity supports for selective isolation of glycoproteins containing high mannose glycan structures. 25296719 4 44 theme concanavalin 728:739 arg1 A 741:741 concanavalin A 728:741 concanavalin A 728:741 The surface of the monolithic scaffold was activated by epichlorohydrin and used for immobilization of concanavalin A to provide the affinity supports for selective isolation of glycoproteins containing high mannose glycan structures. 25296719 6 45 dep affinity 1008:1015 arg1 supports 1017:1024 supports 1017:1024 supports 1017:1024 The efficiency and selectivity of the affinity supports were confirmed by MALDI-MS analysis. 25296719 3 46 theme optimized 521:529 arg1 material 568:575 The optimized, mechanically stable, highly porous, material 517:575 The optimized, mechanically stable, highly porous, material 517:575 The optimized, mechanically stable, highly porous, material was used for spin column lectin chromatography. 25296719 4 47 contain containing 817:826 arg1 glycoproteins 803:815 glycoproteins 803:815 glycoproteins containing high mannose glycan structures 803:857 The surface of the monolithic scaffold was activated by epichlorohydrin and used for immobilization of concanavalin A to provide the affinity supports for selective isolation of glycoproteins containing high mannose glycan structures. 25296719 4 47 contain containing 817:826 arg2 structures 848:857 high mannose glycan structures 828:857 high mannose glycan structures 828:857 The surface of the monolithic scaffold was activated by epichlorohydrin and used for immobilization of concanavalin A to provide the affinity supports for selective isolation of glycoproteins containing high mannose glycan structures. 25296719 2 48 theme polymer 502:508 arg1 walls 510:514 the polymer walls 498:514 the polymer walls 498:514 The composition of the polymerization mixture as well as the polymerization conditions were optimized in order to prepare a material with bimodal pore size distribution with 20-50 μm flow through macropores and submicrometer pores in the polymer walls. 25296719 3 49 theme column 595:600 arg1 chromatography 609:622 spin column lectin chromatography 590:622 spin column lectin chromatography 590:622 The optimized, mechanically stable, highly porous, material was used for spin column lectin chromatography. 25296719 5 50 theme cryogels 909:916 arg1 performance 864:874 The performance 860:874 The performance of the developed lectin modified cryogels 860:916 The performance of the developed lectin modified cryogels was evaluated by analyses of glycoprotein mixtures. 25296719 4 51 theme monolithic 644:653 arg1 scaffold 655:662 the monolithic scaffold 640:662 the monolithic scaffold 640:662 The surface of the monolithic scaffold was activated by epichlorohydrin and used for immobilization of concanavalin A to provide the affinity supports for selective isolation of glycoproteins containing high mannose glycan structures. 25296719 2 52 theme macropores 460:469 arg1 pores 489:493 macropores and submicrometer pores 460:493 macropores and submicrometer pores in the polymer walls 460:514 The composition of the polymerization mixture as well as the polymerization conditions were optimized in order to prepare a material with bimodal pore size distribution with 20-50 μm flow through macropores and submicrometer pores in the polymer walls. 25296719 3 53 theme lectin 602:607 arg1 chromatography 609:622 spin column lectin chromatography 590:622 spin column lectin chromatography 590:622 The optimized, mechanically stable, highly porous, material was used for spin column lectin chromatography. 25296719 1 54 theme hydrophilic 135:145 arg1 diacrylate 203:212 hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate 152:212 hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate 152:212 In this work we have developed a hydrophilic poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) cryogel placed in the centrifugal filter device. 25296719 1 54 theme hydrophilic 135:145 arg1 poly 147:150 hydrophilic poly 135:150 a hydrophilic poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) cryogel placed in the centrifugal filter device 133:261 In this work we have developed a hydrophilic poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) cryogel placed in the centrifugal filter device. 25296719 6 55 theme MALDI-MS 1044:1051 arg1 analysis 1053:1060 MALDI-MS analysis 1044:1060 MALDI-MS analysis 1044:1060 The efficiency and selectivity of the affinity supports were confirmed by MALDI-MS analysis. 26934179 2 0 theme molecular 468:476 arg1 mechanisms 478:487 their molecular mechanisms 462:487 their molecular mechanisms of action 462:497 Here, we identified miR-126-3p and miR-146a to be exclusively upregulated in PVC upon interaction with EC, determined their influence on the PVC phenotype and elucidate their molecular mechanisms of action. 26934179 2 1 with interaction 379:389 arg1 EC 396:397 EC 396:397 EC 396:397 Here, we identified miR-126-3p and miR-146a to be exclusively upregulated in PVC upon interaction with EC, determined their influence on the PVC phenotype and elucidate their molecular mechanisms of action. 26934179 5 2 theme PVC 938:940 arg1 coverage 942:949 PVC coverage 938:949 PVC coverage of newly formed vessels 938:973 Gain of expression experiments in vivo demonstrated that miR-126-3p stimulates PVC coverage of newly formed vessels and transform immature into mature, less permeable vessels. 26934179 1 3 theme relevant 243:250 arg1 miRNAs 265:270 the relevant PVC-specific miRNAs 239:270 the relevant PVC-specific miRNAs 239:270 microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate the interplay between perivascular cells (PVC) and endothelial cells (EC) during angiogenesis, but the relevant PVC-specific miRNAs are not yet defined. 26934179 4 4 theme PVC 854:856 arg1 contacts 842:849 cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts 816:849 cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts of PVC 816:856 Subsequent miRNA target analysis showed that miR-126-3p inhibits SPRED1 and PLK2 expression, induces ERK1/2 phosphorylation and stimulates TLR3 expression to modulate cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts of PVC. 26934179 3 5 theme miR-126-3p 529:538 arg1 increase 517:524 the increase 513:524 the increase of miR-126-3p 513:538 Specifically the increase of miR-126-3p strongly promoted the motility of PVC on the basement membrane-like composite and stabilized networks of EC. 26934179 4 6 dep SPRED1 714:719 arg1 expression 730:739 expression 730:739 expression 730:739 Subsequent miRNA target analysis showed that miR-126-3p inhibits SPRED1 and PLK2 expression, induces ERK1/2 phosphorylation and stimulates TLR3 expression to modulate cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts of PVC. 26934179 1 7 theme PVC-specific 252:263 arg1 miRNAs 265:270 the relevant PVC-specific miRNAs 239:270 the relevant PVC-specific miRNAs 239:270 microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate the interplay between perivascular cells (PVC) and endothelial cells (EC) during angiogenesis, but the relevant PVC-specific miRNAs are not yet defined. 26934179 5 8 dep mature 1003:1008 arg1 permeable 1016:1024 permeable 1016:1024 permeable 1016:1024 Gain of expression experiments in vivo demonstrated that miR-126-3p stimulates PVC coverage of newly formed vessels and transform immature into mature, less permeable vessels. 26934179 7 9 theme Stem 1178:1181 arg1 Cells 1183:1187 Stem Cells 1178:1187 Stem Cells 1178:1187 Stem Cells 2016;34:1297-1309. 26934179 5 10 theme mature 1003:1008 arg1 vessels 1026:1032 mature, less permeable vessels 1003:1032 mature, less permeable vessels 1003:1032 Gain of expression experiments in vivo demonstrated that miR-126-3p stimulates PVC coverage of newly formed vessels and transform immature into mature, less permeable vessels. 26934179 5 11 theme experiments 878:888 arg1 Gain 859:862 Gain 859:862 Gain of expression experiments in vivo 859:896 Gain of expression experiments in vivo demonstrated that miR-126-3p stimulates PVC coverage of newly formed vessels and transform immature into mature, less permeable vessels. 26934179 4 12 theme miRNA 660:664 arg1 analysis 673:680 Subsequent miRNA target analysis 649:680 Subsequent miRNA target analysis 649:680 Subsequent miRNA target analysis showed that miR-126-3p inhibits SPRED1 and PLK2 expression, induces ERK1/2 phosphorylation and stimulates TLR3 expression to modulate cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts of PVC. 26934179 2 13 theme action 492:497 arg1 mechanisms 478:487 their molecular mechanisms 462:487 their molecular mechanisms of action 462:497 Here, we identified miR-126-3p and miR-146a to be exclusively upregulated in PVC upon interaction with EC, determined their influence on the PVC phenotype and elucidate their molecular mechanisms of action. 26934179 7 14 dep 34:1297-1309 1194:1205 arg1 Cells 1183:1187 Stem Cells 1178:1187 Stem Cells 1178:1187 Stem Cells 2016;34:1297-1309. 26934179 4 15 theme TLR3 788:791 arg1 expression 793:802 TLR3 expression 788:802 TLR3 expression 788:802 Subsequent miRNA target analysis showed that miR-126-3p inhibits SPRED1 and PLK2 expression, induces ERK1/2 phosphorylation and stimulates TLR3 expression to modulate cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts of PVC. 26934179 4 16 theme Subsequent 649:658 arg1 analysis 673:680 Subsequent miRNA target analysis 649:680 Subsequent miRNA target analysis 649:680 Subsequent miRNA target analysis showed that miR-126-3p inhibits SPRED1 and PLK2 expression, induces ERK1/2 phosphorylation and stimulates TLR3 expression to modulate cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts of PVC. 26934179 5 17 theme vessels 967:973 arg1 coverage 942:949 PVC coverage 938:949 PVC coverage of newly formed vessels 938:973 Gain of expression experiments in vivo demonstrated that miR-126-3p stimulates PVC coverage of newly formed vessels and transform immature into mature, less permeable vessels. 26934179 1 18 theme endothelial 191:201 arg1 EC 210:211 EC 210:211 EC 210:211 microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate the interplay between perivascular cells (PVC) and endothelial cells (EC) during angiogenesis, but the relevant PVC-specific miRNAs are not yet defined. 26934179 1 18 theme endothelial 191:201 arg1 cells 203:207 endothelial cells 191:207 endothelial cells (EC) 191:212 microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate the interplay between perivascular cells (PVC) and endothelial cells (EC) during angiogenesis, but the relevant PVC-specific miRNAs are not yet defined. 26934179 0 19 theme Perivascular 37:48 arg1 Attachment 55:64 Matrix-Dependent Perivascular Cell Attachment 20:64 Matrix-Dependent Perivascular Cell Attachment 20:64 miR-126-3p Promotes Matrix-Dependent Perivascular Cell Attachment, Migration and Intercellular Interaction. 26934179 6 20 theme PVC 1102:1104 arg1 migration 1106:1114 matrix-dependent PVC migration 1085:1114 matrix-dependent PVC migration 1085:1114 In conclusion we showed that miR-126-3p regulates matrix-dependent PVC migration and intercellular interaction to modulate vascular integrity. 26934179 0 21 theme Matrix-Dependent 20:35 arg1 Attachment 55:64 Matrix-Dependent Perivascular Cell Attachment 20:64 Matrix-Dependent Perivascular Cell Attachment 20:64 miR-126-3p Promotes Matrix-Dependent Perivascular Cell Attachment, Migration and Intercellular Interaction. 26934179 3 22 theme EC 645:646 arg1 networks 633:640 networks 633:640 networks of EC 633:646 Specifically the increase of miR-126-3p strongly promoted the motility of PVC on the basement membrane-like composite and stabilized networks of EC. 26934179 4 23 theme ERK1/2 750:755 arg1 phosphorylation 757:771 ERK1/2 phosphorylation 750:771 ERK1/2 phosphorylation 750:771 Subsequent miRNA target analysis showed that miR-126-3p inhibits SPRED1 and PLK2 expression, induces ERK1/2 phosphorylation and stimulates TLR3 expression to modulate cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts of PVC. 26934179 6 24 theme matrix-dependent 1085:1100 arg1 migration 1106:1114 matrix-dependent PVC migration 1085:1114 matrix-dependent PVC migration 1085:1114 In conclusion we showed that miR-126-3p regulates matrix-dependent PVC migration and intercellular interaction to modulate vascular integrity. 26934179 4 25 theme target 666:671 arg1 analysis 673:680 Subsequent miRNA target analysis 649:680 Subsequent miRNA target analysis 649:680 Subsequent miRNA target analysis showed that miR-126-3p inhibits SPRED1 and PLK2 expression, induces ERK1/2 phosphorylation and stimulates TLR3 expression to modulate cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts of PVC. 26934179 0 26 theme Cell 50:53 arg1 Attachment 55:64 Matrix-Dependent Perivascular Cell Attachment 20:64 Matrix-Dependent Perivascular Cell Attachment 20:64 miR-126-3p Promotes Matrix-Dependent Perivascular Cell Attachment, Migration and Intercellular Interaction. 26934179 3 27 theme basement 585:592 arg1 composite 608:616 the basement membrane-like composite 581:616 the basement membrane-like composite 581:616 Specifically the increase of miR-126-3p strongly promoted the motility of PVC on the basement membrane-like composite and stabilized networks of EC. 26934179 5 28 theme expression 867:876 arg1 experiments 878:888 expression experiments 867:888 expression experiments 867:888 Gain of expression experiments in vivo demonstrated that miR-126-3p stimulates PVC coverage of newly formed vessels and transform immature into mature, less permeable vessels. 26934179 3 29 theme PVC 574:576 arg1 motility 562:569 the motility 558:569 the motility of PVC on the basement membrane-like composite 558:616 Specifically the increase of miR-126-3p strongly promoted the motility of PVC on the basement membrane-like composite and stabilized networks of EC. 26934179 2 30 theme PVC 434:436 arg1 phenotype 438:446 the PVC phenotype 430:446 the PVC phenotype 430:446 Here, we identified miR-126-3p and miR-146a to be exclusively upregulated in PVC upon interaction with EC, determined their influence on the PVC phenotype and elucidate their molecular mechanisms of action. 26934179 4 31 theme cell-matrix 830:840 arg1 contacts 842:849 cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts 816:849 cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts of PVC 816:856 Subsequent miRNA target analysis showed that miR-126-3p inhibits SPRED1 and PLK2 expression, induces ERK1/2 phosphorylation and stimulates TLR3 expression to modulate cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts of PVC. 26934179 5 32 theme formed 960:965 arg1 vessels 967:973 newly formed vessels 954:973 newly formed vessels 954:973 Gain of expression experiments in vivo demonstrated that miR-126-3p stimulates PVC coverage of newly formed vessels and transform immature into mature, less permeable vessels. 26934179 3 33 from motility 562:569 arg1 composite 608:616 the basement membrane-like composite 581:616 the basement membrane-like composite 581:616 Specifically the increase of miR-126-3p strongly promoted the motility of PVC on the basement membrane-like composite and stabilized networks of EC. 26934179 0 34 theme Intercellular 81:93 arg1 Interaction 95:105 Intercellular Interaction 81:105 Intercellular Interaction 81:105 miR-126-3p Promotes Matrix-Dependent Perivascular Cell Attachment, Migration and Intercellular Interaction. 26934179 6 35 theme vascular 1158:1165 arg1 integrity 1167:1175 vascular integrity 1158:1175 vascular integrity 1158:1175 In conclusion we showed that miR-126-3p regulates matrix-dependent PVC migration and intercellular interaction to modulate vascular integrity. 26934179 3 36 theme membrane-like 594:606 arg1 composite 608:616 the basement membrane-like composite 581:616 the basement membrane-like composite 581:616 Specifically the increase of miR-126-3p strongly promoted the motility of PVC on the basement membrane-like composite and stabilized networks of EC. 26934179 6 37 theme intercellular 1120:1132 arg1 interaction 1134:1144 intercellular interaction 1120:1144 intercellular interaction 1120:1144 In conclusion we showed that miR-126-3p regulates matrix-dependent PVC migration and intercellular interaction to modulate vascular integrity. 26934179 2 38 from influence 417:425 arg1 phenotype 438:446 the PVC phenotype 430:446 the PVC phenotype 430:446 Here, we identified miR-126-3p and miR-146a to be exclusively upregulated in PVC upon interaction with EC, determined their influence on the PVC phenotype and elucidate their molecular mechanisms of action. 26934179 4 39 theme cell-cell 816:824 arg1 contacts 842:849 cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts 816:849 cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts of PVC 816:856 Subsequent miRNA target analysis showed that miR-126-3p inhibits SPRED1 and PLK2 expression, induces ERK1/2 phosphorylation and stimulates TLR3 expression to modulate cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts of PVC. 26934179 1 40 theme perivascular 162:173 arg1 PVC 182:184 PVC 182:184 PVC 182:184 microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate the interplay between perivascular cells (PVC) and endothelial cells (EC) during angiogenesis, but the relevant PVC-specific miRNAs are not yet defined. 26934179 1 40 theme perivascular 162:173 arg1 cells 175:179 perivascular cells 162:179 perivascular cells (PVC) 162:185 microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate the interplay between perivascular cells (PVC) and endothelial cells (EC) during angiogenesis, but the relevant PVC-specific miRNAs are not yet defined. 28772381 1 0 theme block 284:288 arg1 grafts 295:300 composite block bone grafts 274:300 composite block bone grafts 274:300 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 2 1 theme BCP 587:589 arg1 specimens 647:655 crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens 545:655 crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens 545:655 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 2 2 theme particle 677:684 arg1 BCP 691:693 particle type BCP 677:693 particle type BCP 677:693 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 1 3 used used 256:259 arg2 acid 239:242 hyaluronic acid 228:242 hyaluronic acid (HyA) 228:248 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 1 3 used used 256:259 arg2 BCP 156:158 BCP 156:158 BCP 156:158 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 1 3 used used 256:259 arg2 phosphate 145:153 bisphasic calcium phosphate 127:153 bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) 127:159 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 1 3 used used 256:259 arg2 types 169:173 two types 165:173 two types of polysaccharide 165:191 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 1 3 used used 256:259 arg2 cellulose 208:216 carboxymethyl cellulose 194:216 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 194:222 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 7 4 theme composite 1284:1292 arg1 material 1311:1318 BCP composite block bone graft material 1280:1318 BCP composite block bone graft material incorporating crosslinked CMC 1280:1348 Within the limitations of this study, BCP composite block bone graft material incorporating crosslinked CMC has potential utility when bone augmentation is needed. 28772381 3 5 theme scanning 699:706 arg1 study 728:732 A scanning electron microscope study 697:732 A scanning electron microscope study 697:732 A scanning electron microscope study, a compressive strength analysis, and a cytotoxicity assessment were conducted. 28772381 7 6 theme block 1294:1298 arg1 material 1311:1318 BCP composite block bone graft material 1280:1318 BCP composite block bone graft material incorporating crosslinked CMC 1280:1348 Within the limitations of this study, BCP composite block bone graft material incorporating crosslinked CMC has potential utility when bone augmentation is needed. 28772381 0 7 theme Bone 93:96 arg1 Regeneration 98:109 Bone Regeneration 93:109 Bone Regeneration 93:109 The Effect of Bisphasic Calcium Phosphate Block Bone Graft Materials with Polysaccharides on Bone Regeneration. 28772381 7 8 link crosslinked 1334:1344 arg1 CMC 1346:1348 crosslinked CMC 1334:1348 crosslinked CMC 1334:1348 Within the limitations of this study, BCP composite block bone graft material incorporating crosslinked CMC has potential utility when bone augmentation is needed. 28772381 2 9 dep prepared 662:669 arg1 discs 483:487 2 mm thick discs 472:487 2 mm thick discs 472:487 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 3 10 theme electron 708:715 arg1 study 728:732 A scanning electron microscope study 697:732 A scanning electron microscope study 697:732 A scanning electron microscope study, a compressive strength analysis, and a cytotoxicity assessment were conducted. 28772381 1 11 theme hyaluronic 228:237 arg1 HyA 245:247 HyA 245:247 HyA 245:247 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 1 11 theme hyaluronic 228:237 arg1 types 169:173 two types 165:173 two types of polysaccharide 165:191 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 1 11 theme hyaluronic 228:237 arg1 acid 239:242 hyaluronic acid 228:242 hyaluronic acid (HyA) 228:248 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 2 12 theme 6 457:457 arg1 mm 459:460 mm 459:460 mm 459:460 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 0 13 with Materials 59:67 arg1 Polysaccharides 74:88 Polysaccharides 74:88 Polysaccharides on Bone Regeneration 74:109 The Effect of Bisphasic Calcium Phosphate Block Bone Graft Materials with Polysaccharides on Bone Regeneration. 28772381 3 14 theme compressive 737:747 arg1 analysis 758:765 a compressive strength analysis 735:765 a compressive strength analysis 735:765 A scanning electron microscope study, a compressive strength analysis, and a cytotoxicity assessment were conducted. 28772381 4 15 theme 6 881:881 arg1 mm 883:884 mm 883:884 mm 883:884 Graft materials were implanted in each of four circular defects of 6 mm diameter in calvarial bone in seven rabbits. 28772381 2 16 theme BCP/HyA 611:617 arg1 group 619:623 the BCP/HyA group 607:623 the BCP/HyA group 607:623 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 2 16 theme BCP/HyA 611:617 arg1 HyA 602:604 HyA 602:604 HyA 602:604 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 2 17 with mixed 591:595 arg1 group 619:623 the BCP/HyA group 607:623 the BCP/HyA group 607:623 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 2 17 with mixed 591:595 arg1 HyA 602:604 HyA 602:604 HyA 602:604 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 5 18 theme area 1093:1096 arg1 % 1111:1111 % 1111:1111 % 1111:1111 Animals were sacrificed after four weeks for micro-CT and histomorphometric analyses, and the findings obtained were used to calculate new bone volumes (mm³) and area percentages (%). 28772381 5 18 theme area 1093:1096 arg1 percentages 1098:1108 area percentages 1093:1108 area percentages (%) 1093:1112 Animals were sacrificed after four weeks for micro-CT and histomorphometric analyses, and the findings obtained were used to calculate new bone volumes (mm³) and area percentages (%). 28772381 4 19 theme circular 861:868 arg1 defects 870:876 four circular defects 856:876 four circular defects of 6 mm diameter in calvarial bone in seven rabbits 856:928 Graft materials were implanted in each of four circular defects of 6 mm diameter in calvarial bone in seven rabbits. 28772381 1 20 theme physical 313:320 arg1 features 337:344 their physical and biological features 307:344 their physical and biological features 307:344 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 2 21 theme BCP/CMC 514:520 arg1 CMC 505:507 CMC 505:507 CMC (the BCP/CMC group) 505:527 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 2 21 theme BCP/CMC 514:520 arg1 group 522:526 the BCP/CMC group 510:526 the BCP/CMC group 510:526 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 6 22 theme BCP/c-CMC 1183:1191 arg1 group 1193:1197 the BCP/c-CMC group 1179:1197 the BCP/c-CMC group 1179:1197 It was found that these two values were significantly higher in the BCP/c-CMC group than in the other three groups (p < 0.05). 28772381 1 23 theme bone 290:293 arg1 grafts 295:300 composite block bone grafts 274:300 composite block bone grafts 274:300 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 2 24 theme CMC 557:559 arg1 specimens 647:655 crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens 545:655 crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens 545:655 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 2 25 theme control 632:638 arg1 group 640:644 a control group 630:644 a control group 630:644 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 7 26 theme bone 1300:1303 arg1 material 1311:1318 BCP composite block bone graft material 1280:1318 BCP composite block bone graft material incorporating crosslinked CMC 1280:1348 Within the limitations of this study, BCP composite block bone graft material incorporating crosslinked CMC has potential utility when bone augmentation is needed. 28772381 0 27 theme Bisphasic 14:22 arg1 Phosphate 32:40 Bisphasic Calcium Phosphate 14:40 Bisphasic Calcium Phosphate 14:40 The Effect of Bisphasic Calcium Phosphate Block Bone Graft Materials with Polysaccharides on Bone Regeneration. 28772381 4 28 from defects 870:876 arg1 bone 908:911 calvarial bone 898:911 calvarial bone in seven rabbits 898:928 Graft materials were implanted in each of four circular defects of 6 mm diameter in calvarial bone in seven rabbits. 28772381 2 29 theme mm 474:475 arg1 discs 483:487 2 mm thick discs 472:487 2 mm thick discs 472:487 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 2 30 theme crosslinked 545:555 arg1 CMC 557:559 crosslinked CMC 545:559 crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) 545:581 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 2 30 theme crosslinked 545:555 arg1 group 576:580 the BCP/c-CMC group 562:580 the BCP/c-CMC group 562:580 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 7 31 theme potential 1354:1362 arg1 utility 1364:1370 potential utility 1354:1370 potential utility 1354:1370 Within the limitations of this study, BCP composite block bone graft material incorporating crosslinked CMC has potential utility when bone augmentation is needed. 28772381 6 32 theme other 1211:1215 arg1 groups 1223:1228 the other three groups 1207:1228 the other three groups (p < 0.05) 1207:1239 It was found that these two values were significantly higher in the BCP/c-CMC group than in the other three groups (p < 0.05). 28772381 6 32 theme other 1211:1215 arg1 < 1233:1233 p < 0.05 1231:1238 p < 0.05 1231:1238 It was found that these two values were significantly higher in the BCP/c-CMC group than in the other three groups (p < 0.05). 28772381 7 33 theme crosslinked 1334:1344 arg1 CMC 1346:1348 crosslinked CMC 1334:1348 crosslinked CMC 1334:1348 Within the limitations of this study, BCP composite block bone graft material incorporating crosslinked CMC has potential utility when bone augmentation is needed. 28772381 2 34 theme 2 472:472 arg1 mm 474:475 mm 474:475 mm 474:475 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 0 35 from Polysaccharides 74:88 arg1 Regeneration 98:109 Bone Regeneration 93:109 Bone Regeneration 93:109 The Effect of Bisphasic Calcium Phosphate Block Bone Graft Materials with Polysaccharides on Bone Regeneration. 28772381 0 36 theme Phosphate 32:40 arg1 Effect 4:9 The Effect 0:9 The Effect of Bisphasic Calcium Phosphate 0:40 The Effect of Bisphasic Calcium Phosphate Block Bone Graft Materials with Polysaccharides on Bone Regeneration. 28772381 3 37 theme strength 749:756 arg1 analysis 758:765 a compressive strength analysis 735:765 a compressive strength analysis 735:765 A scanning electron microscope study, a compressive strength analysis, and a cytotoxicity assessment were conducted. 28772381 6 38 theme p 1231:1231 arg1 groups 1223:1228 the other three groups 1207:1228 the other three groups (p < 0.05) 1207:1239 It was found that these two values were significantly higher in the BCP/c-CMC group than in the other three groups (p < 0.05). 28772381 6 38 theme p 1231:1231 arg1 < 1233:1233 p < 0.05 1231:1238 p < 0.05 1231:1238 It was found that these two values were significantly higher in the BCP/c-CMC group than in the other three groups (p < 0.05). 28772381 1 39 theme biological 326:335 arg1 features 337:344 their physical and biological features 307:344 their physical and biological features 307:344 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 1 40 theme polysaccharide 178:191 arg1 BCP 156:158 BCP 156:158 BCP 156:158 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 1 40 theme polysaccharide 178:191 arg1 phosphate 145:153 bisphasic calcium phosphate 127:153 bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) 127:159 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 1 40 theme polysaccharide 178:191 arg1 cellulose 208:216 carboxymethyl cellulose 194:216 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 194:222 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 1 40 theme polysaccharide 178:191 arg1 types 169:173 two types 165:173 two types of polysaccharide 165:191 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 1 40 theme polysaccharide 178:191 arg1 acid 239:242 hyaluronic acid 228:242 hyaluronic acid (HyA) 228:248 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 0 41 theme Calcium 24:30 arg1 Phosphate 32:40 Bisphasic Calcium Phosphate 14:40 Bisphasic Calcium Phosphate 14:40 The Effect of Bisphasic Calcium Phosphate Block Bone Graft Materials with Polysaccharides on Bone Regeneration. 28772381 2 42 link crosslinked 545:555 arg1 CMC 557:559 crosslinked CMC 545:559 crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) 545:581 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 2 42 link crosslinked 545:555 arg1 group 576:580 the BCP/c-CMC group 562:580 the BCP/c-CMC group 562:580 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 7 43 theme BCP 1280:1282 arg1 material 1311:1318 BCP composite block bone graft material 1280:1318 BCP composite block bone graft material incorporating crosslinked CMC 1280:1348 Within the limitations of this study, BCP composite block bone graft material incorporating crosslinked CMC has potential utility when bone augmentation is needed. 28772381 4 44 theme mm 883:884 arg1 diameter 886:893 6 mm diameter 881:893 6 mm diameter 881:893 Graft materials were implanted in each of four circular defects of 6 mm diameter in calvarial bone in seven rabbits. 28772381 7 45 theme bone 1377:1380 arg1 augmentation 1382:1393 bone augmentation 1377:1393 bone augmentation 1377:1393 Within the limitations of this study, BCP composite block bone graft material incorporating crosslinked CMC has potential utility when bone augmentation is needed. 28772381 0 46 theme Bone 48:51 arg1 Materials 59:67 Bone Graft Materials 48:67 Bone Graft Materials with Polysaccharides on Bone Regeneration 48:109 The Effect of Bisphasic Calcium Phosphate Block Bone Graft Materials with Polysaccharides on Bone Regeneration. 28772381 2 47 theme mm 459:460 arg1 diameter 462:469 6 mm diameter 457:469 6 mm diameter 457:469 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 2 47 theme mm 459:460 arg1 Specimens 413:421 Specimens 413:421 Specimens of the following 413:438 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 2 48 theme following 430:438 arg1 diameter 462:469 6 mm diameter 457:469 6 mm diameter 457:469 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 2 48 theme following 430:438 arg1 Specimens 413:421 Specimens 413:421 Specimens of the following 413:438 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 7 49 theme graft 1305:1309 arg1 material 1311:1318 BCP composite block bone graft material 1280:1318 BCP composite block bone graft material incorporating crosslinked CMC 1280:1348 Within the limitations of this study, BCP composite block bone graft material incorporating crosslinked CMC has potential utility when bone augmentation is needed. 28772381 5 50 used used 1048:1051 arg2 findings 1025:1032 the findings 1021:1032 the findings obtained 1021:1041 Animals were sacrificed after four weeks for micro-CT and histomorphometric analyses, and the findings obtained were used to calculate new bone volumes (mm³) and area percentages (%). 28772381 7 51 theme study 1273:1277 arg1 limitations 1253:1263 the limitations 1249:1263 the limitations of this study 1249:1277 Within the limitations of this study, BCP composite block bone graft material incorporating crosslinked CMC has potential utility when bone augmentation is needed. 28772381 3 52 theme cytotoxicity 774:785 arg1 assessment 787:796 a cytotoxicity assessment 772:796 a cytotoxicity assessment 772:796 A scanning electron microscope study, a compressive strength analysis, and a cytotoxicity assessment were conducted. 28772381 5 53 theme histomorphometric 989:1005 arg1 analyses 1007:1014 histomorphometric analyses 989:1014 histomorphometric analyses 989:1014 Animals were sacrificed after four weeks for micro-CT and histomorphometric analyses, and the findings obtained were used to calculate new bone volumes (mm³) and area percentages (%). 28772381 7 54 contain has 1350:1352 arg2 utility 1364:1370 potential utility 1354:1370 potential utility 1354:1370 Within the limitations of this study, BCP composite block bone graft material incorporating crosslinked CMC has potential utility when bone augmentation is needed. 28772381 7 54 contain has 1350:1352 arg1 material 1311:1318 BCP composite block bone graft material 1280:1318 BCP composite block bone graft material incorporating crosslinked CMC 1280:1348 Within the limitations of this study, BCP composite block bone graft material incorporating crosslinked CMC has potential utility when bone augmentation is needed. 28772381 2 55 theme BCP/c-CMC 566:574 arg1 CMC 557:559 crosslinked CMC 545:559 crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) 545:581 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 2 55 theme BCP/c-CMC 566:574 arg1 group 576:580 the BCP/c-CMC group 562:580 the BCP/c-CMC group 562:580 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 4 56 from bone 908:911 arg1 rabbits 922:928 seven rabbits 916:928 seven rabbits 916:928 Graft materials were implanted in each of four circular defects of 6 mm diameter in calvarial bone in seven rabbits. 28772381 4 57 theme calvarial 898:906 arg1 bone 908:911 calvarial bone 898:911 calvarial bone in seven rabbits 898:928 Graft materials were implanted in each of four circular defects of 6 mm diameter in calvarial bone in seven rabbits. 28772381 1 58 theme carboxymethyl 194:206 arg1 CMC 219:221 CMC 219:221 CMC 219:221 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 1 58 theme carboxymethyl 194:206 arg1 cellulose 208:216 carboxymethyl cellulose 194:216 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 194:222 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 1 58 theme carboxymethyl 194:206 arg1 types 169:173 two types 165:173 two types of polysaccharide 165:191 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 2 59 theme thick 477:481 arg1 discs 483:487 2 mm thick discs 472:487 2 mm thick discs 472:487 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 4 60 theme Graft 814:818 arg1 materials 820:828 Graft materials 814:828 Graft materials 814:828 Graft materials were implanted in each of four circular defects of 6 mm diameter in calvarial bone in seven rabbits. 28772381 4 61 theme diameter 886:893 arg1 defects 870:876 four circular defects 856:876 four circular defects of 6 mm diameter in calvarial bone in seven rabbits 856:928 Graft materials were implanted in each of four circular defects of 6 mm diameter in calvarial bone in seven rabbits. 28772381 3 62 theme microscope 717:726 arg1 study 728:732 A scanning electron microscope study 697:732 A scanning electron microscope study 697:732 A scanning electron microscope study, a compressive strength analysis, and a cytotoxicity assessment were conducted. 28772381 1 63 theme bisphasic 127:135 arg1 BCP 156:158 BCP 156:158 BCP 156:158 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 1 63 theme bisphasic 127:135 arg1 phosphate 145:153 bisphasic calcium phosphate 127:153 bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) 127:159 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 2 64 theme group 640:644 arg1 specimens 647:655 crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens 545:655 crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens 545:655 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 5 65 theme new 1066:1068 arg1 mm³ 1084:1086 mm³ 1084:1086 mm³ 1084:1086 Animals were sacrificed after four weeks for micro-CT and histomorphometric analyses, and the findings obtained were used to calculate new bone volumes (mm³) and area percentages (%). 28772381 5 65 theme new 1066:1068 arg1 volumes 1075:1081 new bone volumes 1066:1081 new bone volumes (mm³) 1066:1087 Animals were sacrificed after four weeks for micro-CT and histomorphometric analyses, and the findings obtained were used to calculate new bone volumes (mm³) and area percentages (%). 28772381 0 66 theme Graft 53:57 arg1 Materials 59:67 Bone Graft Materials 48:67 Bone Graft Materials with Polysaccharides on Bone Regeneration 48:109 The Effect of Bisphasic Calcium Phosphate Block Bone Graft Materials with Polysaccharides on Bone Regeneration. 28772381 1 67 theme composite 274:282 arg1 grafts 295:300 composite block bone grafts 274:300 composite block bone grafts 274:300 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 2 68 theme mixed 591:595 arg1 CMC 557:559 crosslinked CMC 545:559 crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) 545:581 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 2 68 theme mixed 591:595 arg1 group 576:580 the BCP/c-CMC group 562:580 the BCP/c-CMC group 562:580 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 1 69 theme calcium 137:143 arg1 BCP 156:158 BCP 156:158 BCP 156:158 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 1 69 theme calcium 137:143 arg1 phosphate 145:153 bisphasic calcium phosphate 127:153 bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) 127:159 In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 28772381 2 70 theme type 686:689 arg1 BCP 691:693 particle type BCP 677:693 particle type BCP 677:693 Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). 28772381 5 71 theme bone 1070:1073 arg1 mm³ 1084:1086 mm³ 1084:1086 mm³ 1084:1086 Animals were sacrificed after four weeks for micro-CT and histomorphometric analyses, and the findings obtained were used to calculate new bone volumes (mm³) and area percentages (%). 28772381 5 71 theme bone 1070:1073 arg1 volumes 1075:1081 new bone volumes 1066:1081 new bone volumes (mm³) 1066:1087 Animals were sacrificed after four weeks for micro-CT and histomorphometric analyses, and the findings obtained were used to calculate new bone volumes (mm³) and area percentages (%). 24664835 2 0 theme biofilm 276:282 arg1 matrix 284:289 the biofilm matrix 272:289 the biofilm matrix 272:289 Enzymes that depolymerize and degrade these components are useful tools for investigating the composition and function of the biofilm matrix. 24664835 3 1 theme brief 316:320 arg1 overview 322:329 a brief overview 314:329 a brief overview of the most commonly used biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes 314:388 This chapter provides a brief overview of the most commonly used biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes and presents examples of their applications in biofilm research. 24664835 1 2 theme Polymeric 34:42 arg1 polysaccharides 73:87 polysaccharides 73:87 polysaccharides 73:87 Polymeric substances such as proteins, polysaccharides, and DNA constitute a major component of the biofilm matrix. 24664835 1 2 theme Polymeric 34:42 arg1 substances 44:53 Polymeric substances 34:53 Polymeric substances such as proteins, polysaccharides, and DNA 34:96 Polymeric substances such as proteins, polysaccharides, and DNA constitute a major component of the biofilm matrix. 24664835 1 2 theme Polymeric 34:42 arg1 proteins 63:70 proteins 63:70 proteins 63:70 Polymeric substances such as proteins, polysaccharides, and DNA constitute a major component of the biofilm matrix. 24664835 1 2 theme Polymeric 34:42 arg1 DNA 94:96 DNA 94:96 DNA 94:96 Polymeric substances such as proteins, polysaccharides, and DNA constitute a major component of the biofilm matrix. 24664835 2 3 dep composition 244:254 arg1 the 240:242 the 240:242 the 240:242 Enzymes that depolymerize and degrade these components are useful tools for investigating the composition and function of the biofilm matrix. 24664835 0 4 theme matrix-degrading 8:23 arg1 enzymes 25:31 Biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes 0:31 Biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes. 0:32 Biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes. 24664835 3 5 theme applications 421:432 arg1 examples 403:410 examples 403:410 examples of their applications in biofilm research 403:452 This chapter provides a brief overview of the most commonly used biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes and presents examples of their applications in biofilm research. 24664835 3 6 theme used 352:355 arg1 enzymes 382:388 the most commonly used biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes 334:388 the most commonly used biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes 334:388 This chapter provides a brief overview of the most commonly used biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes and presents examples of their applications in biofilm research. 24664835 3 7 from examples 403:410 arg1 research 445:452 biofilm research 437:452 biofilm research 437:452 This chapter provides a brief overview of the most commonly used biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes and presents examples of their applications in biofilm research. 24664835 0 8 theme Biofilm 0:6 arg1 enzymes 25:31 Biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes 0:31 Biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes. 0:32 Biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes. 24664835 3 9 theme biofilm 357:363 arg1 enzymes 382:388 the most commonly used biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes 334:388 the most commonly used biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes 334:388 This chapter provides a brief overview of the most commonly used biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes and presents examples of their applications in biofilm research. 24664835 1 10 theme biofilm 134:140 arg1 matrix 142:147 the biofilm matrix 130:147 the biofilm matrix 130:147 Polymeric substances such as proteins, polysaccharides, and DNA constitute a major component of the biofilm matrix. 24664835 3 11 theme biofilm 437:443 arg1 research 445:452 biofilm research 437:452 biofilm research 437:452 This chapter provides a brief overview of the most commonly used biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes and presents examples of their applications in biofilm research. 24664835 3 12 theme matrix-degrading 365:380 arg1 enzymes 382:388 the most commonly used biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes 334:388 the most commonly used biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes 334:388 This chapter provides a brief overview of the most commonly used biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes and presents examples of their applications in biofilm research. 24664835 2 13 theme matrix 284:289 arg1 function 260:267 function 260:267 function 260:267 Enzymes that depolymerize and degrade these components are useful tools for investigating the composition and function of the biofilm matrix. 24664835 2 13 theme matrix 284:289 arg1 composition 244:254 composition 244:254 composition 244:254 Enzymes that depolymerize and degrade these components are useful tools for investigating the composition and function of the biofilm matrix. 24664835 1 14 theme major 111:115 arg1 component 117:125 a major component 109:125 a major component of the biofilm matrix 109:147 Polymeric substances such as proteins, polysaccharides, and DNA constitute a major component of the biofilm matrix. 24664835 3 15 from applications 421:432 arg1 research 445:452 biofilm research 437:452 biofilm research 437:452 This chapter provides a brief overview of the most commonly used biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes and presents examples of their applications in biofilm research. 24664835 3 16 from research 445:452 arg1 examples 403:410 examples 403:410 examples of their applications in biofilm research 403:452 This chapter provides a brief overview of the most commonly used biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes and presents examples of their applications in biofilm research. 24664835 1 17 theme matrix 142:147 arg1 component 117:125 a major component 109:125 a major component of the biofilm matrix 109:147 Polymeric substances such as proteins, polysaccharides, and DNA constitute a major component of the biofilm matrix. 24664835 2 18 theme useful 209:214 arg1 tools 216:220 useful tools 209:220 useful tools for investigating the composition and function of the biofilm matrix 209:289 Enzymes that depolymerize and degrade these components are useful tools for investigating the composition and function of the biofilm matrix. 24664835 2 18 theme useful 209:214 arg1 Enzymes 150:156 Enzymes 150:156 Enzymes that depolymerize and degrade these components 150:203 Enzymes that depolymerize and degrade these components are useful tools for investigating the composition and function of the biofilm matrix. 24664835 3 19 theme enzymes 382:388 arg1 overview 322:329 a brief overview 314:329 a brief overview of the most commonly used biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes 314:388 This chapter provides a brief overview of the most commonly used biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes and presents examples of their applications in biofilm research. 26371408 5 0 dep RESULTS 775:781 arg1 Hcy 811:813 The median protein N-linked Hcy 783:813 RESULTS The median protein N-linked Hcy 775:813 RESULTS The median protein N-linked Hcy was 1.404 μM (interquartile range [IQR] 0.859-2.066), while the median tHcy (IQR) was 9.1 μM (6.8-11.2). 26371408 10 1 dep ratio 1740:1744 arg1 0.0001 1791:1796 0.0001 1791:1796 0.0001 1791:1796 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 11 2 theme recurrent 1940:1948 arg1 VTE 1950:1952 recurrent VTE 1940:1952 recurrent VTE 1940:1952 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations, indicating enhanced protein homocysteinylation in vivo, characterize patients with recurrent VTE and this phenomenon is associated with enhanced inflammatory state. 26371408 7 3 link N-linked 1068:1075 arg1 Hcy 1077:1079 protein N-linked Hcy 1060:1079 protein N-linked Hcy 1060:1079 In patients with recurrent VTE protein N-linked Hcy correlated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001), tHcy (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) and age (r = 0.32, p = 0.014), but not with thrombophilia, unprovoked VTE or the current anticoagulation. 26371408 10 4 theme % 1754:1754 arg1 interval 1767:1774 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36 1752:1784 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36 1752:1784 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 10 4 theme % 1754:1754 arg1 ratio 1740:1744 odds ratio 3.04 1735:1749 odds ratio 3.04 1735:1749 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 4 5 with derivatization 708:721 arg1 o-phthaldialdehyde 728:745 o-phthaldialdehyde 728:745 o-phthaldialdehyde 728:745 Protein N-linked Hcy was assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography with an on-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and fluorescence detection. 26371408 4 5 with derivatization 708:721 arg1 detection 764:772 fluorescence detection 751:772 fluorescence detection 751:772 Protein N-linked Hcy was assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography with an on-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and fluorescence detection. 26371408 2 6 theme venous 306:311 arg1 VTE 330:332 VTE 330:332 VTE 330:332 Since elevated total Hcy (tHcy) levels are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), we aimed to investigate protein N-linked Hcy levels in patients with VTE. 26371408 2 6 theme venous 306:311 arg1 thromboembolism 313:327 venous thromboembolism 306:327 venous thromboembolism (VTE) 306:333 Since elevated total Hcy (tHcy) levels are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), we aimed to investigate protein N-linked Hcy levels in patients with VTE. 26371408 7 7 with patients 1032:1039 arg1 VTE 1056:1058 recurrent VTE 1046:1058 recurrent VTE 1046:1058 In patients with recurrent VTE protein N-linked Hcy correlated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001), tHcy (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) and age (r = 0.32, p = 0.014), but not with thrombophilia, unprovoked VTE or the current anticoagulation. 26371408 8 8 dep = 1322:1322 arg1 % 1328:1328 14.7% 1324:1328 14.7% 1324:1328 Hyperhomocysteinemia, defined as tHcy ≥ 15 μM (n = 14.7%), was not associated with higher protein N-linked Hcy. 26371408 5 9 theme protein 794:800 arg1 Hcy 811:813 The median protein N-linked Hcy 783:813 RESULTS The median protein N-linked Hcy 775:813 RESULTS The median protein N-linked Hcy was 1.404 μM (interquartile range [IQR] 0.859-2.066), while the median tHcy (IQR) was 9.1 μM (6.8-11.2). 26371408 1 10 dep BACKGROUND 87:96 arg1 measured 153:160 measured 153:160 has been measured in healthy subjects and patients with marked hyperhomocysteinemia 144:226 BACKGROUND Recently, protein N-linked homocysteine (Hcy) has been measured in healthy subjects and patients with marked hyperhomocysteinemia. 26371408 7 11 theme recurrent 1046:1054 arg1 VTE 1056:1058 recurrent VTE 1046:1058 recurrent VTE 1046:1058 In patients with recurrent VTE protein N-linked Hcy correlated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001), tHcy (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) and age (r = 0.32, p = 0.014), but not with thrombophilia, unprovoked VTE or the current anticoagulation. 26371408 5 12 dep μM 905:906 arg1 6.8-11.2 909:916 6.8-11.2 909:916 6.8-11.2 909:916 RESULTS The median protein N-linked Hcy was 1.404 μM (interquartile range [IQR] 0.859-2.066), while the median tHcy (IQR) was 9.1 μM (6.8-11.2). 26371408 4 13 with chromatography 675:688 arg1 derivatization 708:721 an on-column derivatization 695:721 an on-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and fluorescence detection 695:772 Protein N-linked Hcy was assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography with an on-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and fluorescence detection. 26371408 2 14 theme total 244:248 arg1 levels 261:266 elevated total Hcy (tHcy) levels 235:266 elevated total Hcy (tHcy) levels 235:266 Since elevated total Hcy (tHcy) levels are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), we aimed to investigate protein N-linked Hcy levels in patients with VTE. 26371408 7 15 dep = 1188:1188 arg1 r 1176:1176 r 1176:1176 r = 0.32 1176:1183 In patients with recurrent VTE protein N-linked Hcy correlated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001), tHcy (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) and age (r = 0.32, p = 0.014), but not with thrombophilia, unprovoked VTE or the current anticoagulation. 26371408 9 16 theme N-linked 1442:1449 arg1 Hcy 1451:1453 protein N-linked Hcy 1434:1453 protein N-linked Hcy 1434:1453 Patients with recurrent VTE had higher levels of protein N-linked Hcy compared to those who experienced a single episode of VTE (1.553 μM, 1.157-2.445 vs. 1.27 μM, 0.826-1.884; p = 0.002). 26371408 11 17 theme enhanced 1868:1875 arg1 homocysteinylation 1885:1902 enhanced protein homocysteinylation 1868:1902 enhanced protein homocysteinylation in vivo 1868:1910 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations, indicating enhanced protein homocysteinylation in vivo, characterize patients with recurrent VTE and this phenomenon is associated with enhanced inflammatory state. 26371408 10 18 theme Hcy 1692:1694 arg1 predictor 1662:1670 the only independent predictor 1641:1670 the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile 1641:1716 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 10 18 theme Hcy 1692:1694 arg1 3mg/L 1728:1732 CRP > 3mg/L 1722:1732 CRP > 3mg/L 1722:1732 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 7 19 theme C-reactive 1097:1106 arg1 protein 1108:1114 C-reactive protein 1097:1114 C-reactive protein (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001) 1097:1137 In patients with recurrent VTE protein N-linked Hcy correlated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001), tHcy (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) and age (r = 0.32, p = 0.014), but not with thrombophilia, unprovoked VTE or the current anticoagulation. 26371408 3 20 theme subsequent 539:548 arg1 episode 550:556 a subsequent episode 537:556 a subsequent episode of VTE (recurrent VTE) 537:579 METHODS We studied 200 consecutive patients with VTE (89 men, 111 women, aged from 17 to 83 years), including 57 subjects with a subsequent episode of VTE (recurrent VTE) during 24 months of follow-up. 26371408 9 21 theme higher 1417:1422 arg1 levels 1424:1429 higher levels 1417:1429 higher levels of protein N-linked Hcy 1417:1453 Patients with recurrent VTE had higher levels of protein N-linked Hcy compared to those who experienced a single episode of VTE (1.553 μM, 1.157-2.445 vs. 1.27 μM, 0.826-1.884; p = 0.002). 26371408 4 22 theme Protein 612:618 arg1 Hcy 629:631 Protein N-linked Hcy 612:631 Protein N-linked Hcy 612:631 Protein N-linked Hcy was assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography with an on-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and fluorescence detection. 26371408 10 23 theme CRP 1722:1724 arg1 predictor 1662:1670 the only independent predictor 1641:1670 the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile 1641:1716 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 10 23 theme CRP 1722:1724 arg1 3mg/L 1728:1732 CRP > 3mg/L 1722:1732 CRP > 3mg/L 1722:1732 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 8 24 link N-linked 1371:1378 arg1 Hcy 1380:1382 higher protein N-linked Hcy 1356:1382 higher protein N-linked Hcy 1356:1382 Hyperhomocysteinemia, defined as tHcy ≥ 15 μM (n = 14.7%), was not associated with higher protein N-linked Hcy. 26371408 2 25 link N-linked 368:375 arg1 levels 381:386 protein N-linked Hcy levels 360:386 protein N-linked Hcy levels in patients with VTE 360:407 Since elevated total Hcy (tHcy) levels are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), we aimed to investigate protein N-linked Hcy levels in patients with VTE. 26371408 7 26 theme N-linked 1068:1075 arg1 Hcy 1077:1079 protein N-linked Hcy 1060:1079 protein N-linked Hcy 1060:1079 In patients with recurrent VTE protein N-linked Hcy correlated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001), tHcy (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) and age (r = 0.32, p = 0.014), but not with thrombophilia, unprovoked VTE or the current anticoagulation. 26371408 9 27 theme single 1491:1496 arg1 episode 1498:1504 a single episode 1489:1504 a single episode of VTE 1489:1511 Patients with recurrent VTE had higher levels of protein N-linked Hcy compared to those who experienced a single episode of VTE (1.553 μM, 1.157-2.445 vs. 1.27 μM, 0.826-1.884; p = 0.002). 26371408 9 28 dep = 1564:1564 arg1 0.826-1.884 1549:1559 0.826-1.884 1549:1559 0.826-1.884 1549:1559 Patients with recurrent VTE had higher levels of protein N-linked Hcy compared to those who experienced a single episode of VTE (1.553 μM, 1.157-2.445 vs. 1.27 μM, 0.826-1.884; p = 0.002). 26371408 9 28 dep = 1564:1564 arg1 μM 1545:1546 1.157-2.445 vs. 1.27 μM 1524:1546 1.157-2.445 vs. 1.27 μM 1524:1546 Patients with recurrent VTE had higher levels of protein N-linked Hcy compared to those who experienced a single episode of VTE (1.553 μM, 1.157-2.445 vs. 1.27 μM, 0.826-1.884; p = 0.002). 26371408 9 28 dep = 1564:1564 arg1 μM 1520:1521 1.553 μM 1514:1521 1.553 μM 1514:1521 Patients with recurrent VTE had higher levels of protein N-linked Hcy compared to those who experienced a single episode of VTE (1.553 μM, 1.157-2.445 vs. 1.27 μM, 0.826-1.884; p = 0.002). 26371408 11 29 theme CONCLUSION 1800:1809 arg1 concentrations 1841:1854 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations 1800:1854 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations 1800:1854 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations, indicating enhanced protein homocysteinylation in vivo, characterize patients with recurrent VTE and this phenomenon is associated with enhanced inflammatory state. 26371408 11 30 theme Elevated 1811:1818 arg1 concentrations 1841:1854 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations 1800:1854 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations 1800:1854 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations, indicating enhanced protein homocysteinylation in vivo, characterize patients with recurrent VTE and this phenomenon is associated with enhanced inflammatory state. 26371408 4 31 theme high-performance 651:666 arg1 chromatography 675:688 high-performance liquid chromatography 651:688 high-performance liquid chromatography with an on-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and fluorescence detection 651:772 Protein N-linked Hcy was assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography with an on-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and fluorescence detection. 26371408 2 32 theme N-linked 368:375 arg1 levels 381:386 protein N-linked Hcy levels 360:386 protein N-linked Hcy levels in patients with VTE 360:407 Since elevated total Hcy (tHcy) levels are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), we aimed to investigate protein N-linked Hcy levels in patients with VTE. 26371408 0 33 theme Protein 0:6 arg1 homocysteine 17:28 Protein N-linked homocysteine 0:28 Protein N-linked homocysteine 0:28 Protein N-linked homocysteine is associated with recurrence of venous thromboembolism. 26371408 5 34 theme median 879:884 arg1 tHcy 886:889 the median tHcy 875:889 the median tHcy (IQR) 875:895 RESULTS The median protein N-linked Hcy was 1.404 μM (interquartile range [IQR] 0.859-2.066), while the median tHcy (IQR) was 9.1 μM (6.8-11.2). 26371408 5 34 theme median 879:884 arg1 μM 905:906 9.1 μM 901:906 9.1 μM 901:906 RESULTS The median protein N-linked Hcy was 1.404 μM (interquartile range [IQR] 0.859-2.066), while the median tHcy (IQR) was 9.1 μM (6.8-11.2). 26371408 5 34 theme median 879:884 arg1 IQR 892:894 IQR 892:894 IQR 892:894 RESULTS The median protein N-linked Hcy was 1.404 μM (interquartile range [IQR] 0.859-2.066), while the median tHcy (IQR) was 9.1 μM (6.8-11.2). 26371408 7 35 theme r 1146:1146 arg1 0.42 1150:1153 r = 0.42 1146:1153 r = 0.42 1146:1153 In patients with recurrent VTE protein N-linked Hcy correlated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001), tHcy (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) and age (r = 0.32, p = 0.014), but not with thrombophilia, unprovoked VTE or the current anticoagulation. 26371408 1 36 theme N-linked 116:123 arg1 Hcy 139:141 Hcy 139:141 Hcy 139:141 BACKGROUND Recently, protein N-linked homocysteine (Hcy) has been measured in healthy subjects and patients with marked hyperhomocysteinemia. 26371408 1 36 theme N-linked 116:123 arg1 homocysteine 125:136 protein N-linked homocysteine 108:136 protein N-linked homocysteine (Hcy) 108:142 BACKGROUND Recently, protein N-linked homocysteine (Hcy) has been measured in healthy subjects and patients with marked hyperhomocysteinemia. 26371408 6 37 theme N-linked 947:954 arg1 Hcy 956:958 protein N-linked Hcy 939:958 protein N-linked Hcy 939:958 In the whole group protein N-linked Hcy correlated only with C-reactive protein (CRP; r = 0.44, p < 0.0001). 26371408 11 38 theme Hcy 1837:1839 arg1 concentrations 1841:1854 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations 1800:1854 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations 1800:1854 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations, indicating enhanced protein homocysteinylation in vivo, characterize patients with recurrent VTE and this phenomenon is associated with enhanced inflammatory state. 26371408 8 39 theme ≥ 1311:1311 arg1 μM 1316:1317 tHcy ≥ 15 μM 1306:1317 tHcy ≥ 15 μM (n = 14.7%) 1306:1329 Hyperhomocysteinemia, defined as tHcy ≥ 15 μM (n = 14.7%), was not associated with higher protein N-linked Hcy. 26371408 3 40 dep METHODS 410:416 arg1 studied 421:427 studied 421:427 studied 200 consecutive patients with VTE (89 men, 111 women, aged from 17 to 83 years), including 57 subjects with a subsequent episode of VTE (recurrent VTE) during 24 months of follow-up 421:609 METHODS We studied 200 consecutive patients with VTE (89 men, 111 women, aged from 17 to 83 years), including 57 subjects with a subsequent episode of VTE (recurrent VTE) during 24 months of follow-up. 26371408 11 41 theme protein 1820:1826 arg1 concentrations 1841:1854 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations 1800:1854 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations 1800:1854 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations, indicating enhanced protein homocysteinylation in vivo, characterize patients with recurrent VTE and this phenomenon is associated with enhanced inflammatory state. 26371408 0 42 theme venous 63:68 arg1 thromboembolism 70:84 venous thromboembolism 63:84 venous thromboembolism 63:84 Protein N-linked homocysteine is associated with recurrence of venous thromboembolism. 26371408 1 43 with patients 186:193 arg1 hyperhomocysteinemia 207:226 marked hyperhomocysteinemia 200:226 marked hyperhomocysteinemia 200:226 BACKGROUND Recently, protein N-linked homocysteine (Hcy) has been measured in healthy subjects and patients with marked hyperhomocysteinemia. 26371408 7 44 theme current 1248:1254 arg1 anticoagulation 1256:1270 the current anticoagulation 1244:1270 the current anticoagulation 1244:1270 In patients with recurrent VTE protein N-linked Hcy correlated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001), tHcy (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) and age (r = 0.32, p = 0.014), but not with thrombophilia, unprovoked VTE or the current anticoagulation. 26371408 2 45 from levels 381:386 arg1 patients 391:398 patients 391:398 patients with VTE 391:407 Since elevated total Hcy (tHcy) levels are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), we aimed to investigate protein N-linked Hcy levels in patients with VTE. 26371408 7 46 theme < 1129:1129 arg1 r 1117:1117 r 1117:1117 r = 0.43 1117:1124 In patients with recurrent VTE protein N-linked Hcy correlated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001), tHcy (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) and age (r = 0.32, p = 0.014), but not with thrombophilia, unprovoked VTE or the current anticoagulation. 26371408 7 46 theme < 1129:1129 arg1 p 1127:1127 p < 0.0001 1127:1136 p < 0.0001 1127:1136 In patients with recurrent VTE protein N-linked Hcy correlated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001), tHcy (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) and age (r = 0.32, p = 0.014), but not with thrombophilia, unprovoked VTE or the current anticoagulation. 26371408 10 47 theme odds 1735:1738 arg1 interval 1767:1774 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36 1752:1784 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36 1752:1784 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 10 47 theme odds 1735:1738 arg1 p 1787:1787 p 1787:1787 p 1787:1787 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 10 47 theme odds 1735:1738 arg1 ratio 1740:1744 odds ratio 3.04 1735:1749 odds ratio 3.04 1735:1749 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 6 48 dep = 1008:1008 arg1 0.44 1010:1013 0.44 1010:1013 0.44 1010:1013 In the whole group protein N-linked Hcy correlated only with C-reactive protein (CRP; r = 0.44, p < 0.0001). 26371408 9 49 contain had 1413:1415 arg1 Patients 1385:1392 Patients 1385:1392 Patients with recurrent VTE 1385:1411 Patients with recurrent VTE had higher levels of protein N-linked Hcy compared to those who experienced a single episode of VTE (1.553 μM, 1.157-2.445 vs. 1.27 μM, 0.826-1.884; p = 0.002). 26371408 9 49 contain had 1413:1415 arg2 levels 1424:1429 higher levels 1417:1429 higher levels of protein N-linked Hcy 1417:1453 Patients with recurrent VTE had higher levels of protein N-linked Hcy compared to those who experienced a single episode of VTE (1.553 μM, 1.157-2.445 vs. 1.27 μM, 0.826-1.884; p = 0.002). 26371408 8 50 theme higher 1356:1361 arg1 Hcy 1380:1382 higher protein N-linked Hcy 1356:1382 higher protein N-linked Hcy 1356:1382 Hyperhomocysteinemia, defined as tHcy ≥ 15 μM (n = 14.7%), was not associated with higher protein N-linked Hcy. 26371408 1 51 with subjects 173:180 arg1 hyperhomocysteinemia 207:226 marked hyperhomocysteinemia 200:226 marked hyperhomocysteinemia 200:226 BACKGROUND Recently, protein N-linked homocysteine (Hcy) has been measured in healthy subjects and patients with marked hyperhomocysteinemia. 26371408 4 52 theme fluorescence 751:762 arg1 detection 764:772 fluorescence detection 751:772 fluorescence detection 751:772 Protein N-linked Hcy was assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography with an on-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and fluorescence detection. 26371408 3 53 dep 83 499:500 arg1 to 496:497 to 496:497 to 496:497 METHODS We studied 200 consecutive patients with VTE (89 men, 111 women, aged from 17 to 83 years), including 57 subjects with a subsequent episode of VTE (recurrent VTE) during 24 months of follow-up. 26371408 8 54 theme N-linked 1371:1378 arg1 Hcy 1380:1382 higher protein N-linked Hcy 1356:1382 higher protein N-linked Hcy 1356:1382 Hyperhomocysteinemia, defined as tHcy ≥ 15 μM (n = 14.7%), was not associated with higher protein N-linked Hcy. 26371408 7 55 theme unprovoked 1226:1235 arg1 VTE 1237:1239 unprovoked VTE 1226:1239 unprovoked VTE 1226:1239 In patients with recurrent VTE protein N-linked Hcy correlated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001), tHcy (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) and age (r = 0.32, p = 0.014), but not with thrombophilia, unprovoked VTE or the current anticoagulation. 26371408 7 56 dep tHcy 1140:1143 arg1 = 1158:1158 = 1158:1158 = 1158:1158 In patients with recurrent VTE protein N-linked Hcy correlated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001), tHcy (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) and age (r = 0.32, p = 0.014), but not with thrombophilia, unprovoked VTE or the current anticoagulation. 26371408 10 57 theme 95 1752:1753 arg1 % 1754:1754 % 1754:1754 % 1754:1754 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 10 58 theme Multiple 1574:1581 arg1 regression 1583:1592 Multiple regression 1574:1592 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders 1574:1627 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 11 59 theme inflammatory 2002:2013 arg1 state 2015:2019 enhanced inflammatory state 1993:2019 enhanced inflammatory state 1993:2019 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations, indicating enhanced protein homocysteinylation in vivo, characterize patients with recurrent VTE and this phenomenon is associated with enhanced inflammatory state. 26371408 3 60 theme follow-up 601:609 arg1 months 591:596 24 months 588:596 24 months of follow-up 588:609 METHODS We studied 200 consecutive patients with VTE (89 men, 111 women, aged from 17 to 83 years), including 57 subjects with a subsequent episode of VTE (recurrent VTE) during 24 months of follow-up. 26371408 2 61 theme increased 288:296 arg1 risk 298:301 increased risk 288:301 increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) 288:333 Since elevated total Hcy (tHcy) levels are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), we aimed to investigate protein N-linked Hcy levels in patients with VTE. 26371408 2 62 with patients 391:398 arg1 VTE 405:407 VTE 405:407 VTE 405:407 Since elevated total Hcy (tHcy) levels are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), we aimed to investigate protein N-linked Hcy levels in patients with VTE. 26371408 0 63 link N-linked 8:15 arg1 homocysteine 17:28 Protein N-linked homocysteine 0:28 Protein N-linked homocysteine 0:28 Protein N-linked homocysteine is associated with recurrence of venous thromboembolism. 26371408 10 64 theme potential 1607:1615 arg1 confounders 1617:1627 potential confounders 1607:1627 potential confounders 1607:1627 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 3 65 theme aged 483:486 arg1 men 467:469 89 men 464:469 89 men 464:469 METHODS We studied 200 consecutive patients with VTE (89 men, 111 women, aged from 17 to 83 years), including 57 subjects with a subsequent episode of VTE (recurrent VTE) during 24 months of follow-up. 26371408 3 65 theme aged 483:486 arg1 women 476:480 111 women 472:480 111 women 472:480 METHODS We studied 200 consecutive patients with VTE (89 men, 111 women, aged from 17 to 83 years), including 57 subjects with a subsequent episode of VTE (recurrent VTE) during 24 months of follow-up. 26371408 1 66 theme healthy 165:171 arg1 subjects 173:180 healthy subjects 165:180 healthy subjects 165:180 BACKGROUND Recently, protein N-linked homocysteine (Hcy) has been measured in healthy subjects and patients with marked hyperhomocysteinemia. 26371408 10 67 dep 3mg/L 1728:1732 arg1 interval 1767:1774 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36 1752:1784 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36 1752:1784 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 10 67 dep 3mg/L 1728:1732 arg1 p 1787:1787 p 1787:1787 p 1787:1787 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 10 67 dep 3mg/L 1728:1732 arg1 ratio 1740:1744 odds ratio 3.04 1735:1749 odds ratio 3.04 1735:1749 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 4 68 link N-linked 620:627 arg1 Hcy 629:631 Protein N-linked Hcy 612:631 Protein N-linked Hcy 612:631 Protein N-linked Hcy was assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography with an on-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and fluorescence detection. 26371408 10 69 theme confidence 1756:1765 arg1 interval 1767:1774 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36 1752:1784 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36 1752:1784 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 10 69 theme confidence 1756:1765 arg1 ratio 1740:1744 odds ratio 3.04 1735:1749 odds ratio 3.04 1735:1749 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 6 70 link N-linked 947:954 arg1 Hcy 956:958 protein N-linked Hcy 939:958 protein N-linked Hcy 939:958 In the whole group protein N-linked Hcy correlated only with C-reactive protein (CRP; r = 0.44, p < 0.0001). 26371408 10 71 theme only 1645:1648 arg1 predictor 1662:1670 the only independent predictor 1641:1670 the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile 1641:1716 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 10 71 theme only 1645:1648 arg1 3mg/L 1728:1732 CRP > 3mg/L 1722:1732 CRP > 3mg/L 1722:1732 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 2 72 theme thromboembolism 313:327 arg1 risk 298:301 increased risk 288:301 increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) 288:333 Since elevated total Hcy (tHcy) levels are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), we aimed to investigate protein N-linked Hcy levels in patients with VTE. 26371408 7 73 dep age 1171:1173 arg1 = 1188:1188 = 1188:1188 = 1188:1188 In patients with recurrent VTE protein N-linked Hcy correlated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001), tHcy (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) and age (r = 0.32, p = 0.014), but not with thrombophilia, unprovoked VTE or the current anticoagulation. 26371408 9 74 theme recurrent 1399:1407 arg1 VTE 1409:1411 recurrent VTE 1399:1411 recurrent VTE 1399:1411 Patients with recurrent VTE had higher levels of protein N-linked Hcy compared to those who experienced a single episode of VTE (1.553 μM, 1.157-2.445 vs. 1.27 μM, 0.826-1.884; p = 0.002). 26371408 5 75 theme median 787:792 arg1 Hcy 811:813 The median protein N-linked Hcy 783:813 RESULTS The median protein N-linked Hcy 775:813 RESULTS The median protein N-linked Hcy was 1.404 μM (interquartile range [IQR] 0.859-2.066), while the median tHcy (IQR) was 9.1 μM (6.8-11.2). 26371408 6 76 theme p 1016:1016 arg1 < 1018:1018 p < 0.0001 1016:1025 p < 0.0001 1016:1025 In the whole group protein N-linked Hcy correlated only with C-reactive protein (CRP; r = 0.44, p < 0.0001). 26371408 3 77 with patients 445:452 arg1 VTE 459:461 VTE 459:461 VTE 459:461 METHODS We studied 200 consecutive patients with VTE (89 men, 111 women, aged from 17 to 83 years), including 57 subjects with a subsequent episode of VTE (recurrent VTE) during 24 months of follow-up. 26371408 2 78 theme Hcy 250:252 arg1 levels 261:266 elevated total Hcy (tHcy) levels 235:266 elevated total Hcy (tHcy) levels 235:266 Since elevated total Hcy (tHcy) levels are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), we aimed to investigate protein N-linked Hcy levels in patients with VTE. 26371408 7 79 dep = 1158:1158 arg1 0.42 1150:1153 r = 0.42 1146:1153 r = 0.42 1146:1153 In patients with recurrent VTE protein N-linked Hcy correlated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001), tHcy (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) and age (r = 0.32, p = 0.014), but not with thrombophilia, unprovoked VTE or the current anticoagulation. 26371408 8 80 dep μM 1316:1317 arg1 n 1320:1320 n 1320:1320 n = 14.7% 1320:1328 Hyperhomocysteinemia, defined as tHcy ≥ 15 μM (n = 14.7%), was not associated with higher protein N-linked Hcy. 26371408 2 81 theme elevated 235:242 arg1 levels 261:266 elevated total Hcy (tHcy) levels 235:266 elevated total Hcy (tHcy) levels 235:266 Since elevated total Hcy (tHcy) levels are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), we aimed to investigate protein N-linked Hcy levels in patients with VTE. 26371408 9 82 theme protein 1434:1440 arg1 Hcy 1451:1453 protein N-linked Hcy 1434:1453 protein N-linked Hcy 1434:1453 Patients with recurrent VTE had higher levels of protein N-linked Hcy compared to those who experienced a single episode of VTE (1.553 μM, 1.157-2.445 vs. 1.27 μM, 0.826-1.884; p = 0.002). 26371408 4 83 theme N-linked 620:627 arg1 Hcy 629:631 Protein N-linked Hcy 612:631 Protein N-linked Hcy 612:631 Protein N-linked Hcy was assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography with an on-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and fluorescence detection. 26371408 10 84 theme independent 1650:1660 arg1 predictor 1662:1670 the only independent predictor 1641:1670 the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile 1641:1716 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 10 84 theme independent 1650:1660 arg1 3mg/L 1728:1732 CRP > 3mg/L 1722:1732 CRP > 3mg/L 1722:1732 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 6 85 theme whole 927:931 arg1 group 933:937 the whole group 923:937 the whole group 923:937 In the whole group protein N-linked Hcy correlated only with C-reactive protein (CRP; r = 0.44, p < 0.0001). 26371408 9 86 theme Hcy 1451:1453 arg1 levels 1424:1429 higher levels 1417:1429 higher levels of protein N-linked Hcy 1417:1453 Patients with recurrent VTE had higher levels of protein N-linked Hcy compared to those who experienced a single episode of VTE (1.553 μM, 1.157-2.445 vs. 1.27 μM, 0.826-1.884; p = 0.002). 26371408 0 87 theme thromboembolism 70:84 arg1 recurrence 49:58 recurrence 49:58 recurrence of venous thromboembolism 49:84 Protein N-linked homocysteine is associated with recurrence of venous thromboembolism. 26371408 2 88 theme tHcy 255:258 arg1 levels 261:266 elevated total Hcy (tHcy) levels 235:266 elevated total Hcy (tHcy) levels 235:266 Since elevated total Hcy (tHcy) levels are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), we aimed to investigate protein N-linked Hcy levels in patients with VTE. 26371408 5 89 theme interquartile 829:841 arg1 μM 825:826 1.404 μM 819:826 1.404 μM (interquartile range [IQR] 0.859-2.066) 819:866 RESULTS The median protein N-linked Hcy was 1.404 μM (interquartile range [IQR] 0.859-2.066), while the median tHcy (IQR) was 9.1 μM (6.8-11.2). 26371408 5 89 theme interquartile 829:841 arg1 range 843:847 interquartile range [IQR] 0.859-2.066 829:865 interquartile range [IQR] 0.859-2.066 829:865 RESULTS The median protein N-linked Hcy was 1.404 μM (interquartile range [IQR] 0.859-2.066), while the median tHcy (IQR) was 9.1 μM (6.8-11.2). 26371408 11 90 theme protein 1877:1883 arg1 homocysteinylation 1885:1902 enhanced protein homocysteinylation 1868:1902 enhanced protein homocysteinylation in vivo 1868:1910 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations, indicating enhanced protein homocysteinylation in vivo, characterize patients with recurrent VTE and this phenomenon is associated with enhanced inflammatory state. 26371408 10 91 theme N-linked 1683:1690 arg1 Hcy 1692:1694 protein N-linked Hcy 1675:1694 protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile 1675:1716 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 5 92 link N-linked 802:809 arg1 Hcy 811:813 The median protein N-linked Hcy 783:813 RESULTS The median protein N-linked Hcy 775:813 RESULTS The median protein N-linked Hcy was 1.404 μM (interquartile range [IQR] 0.859-2.066), while the median tHcy (IQR) was 9.1 μM (6.8-11.2). 26371408 7 93 theme protein 1060:1066 arg1 Hcy 1077:1079 protein N-linked Hcy 1060:1079 protein N-linked Hcy 1060:1079 In patients with recurrent VTE protein N-linked Hcy correlated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001), tHcy (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) and age (r = 0.32, p = 0.014), but not with thrombophilia, unprovoked VTE or the current anticoagulation. 26371408 10 94 theme upper 1703:1707 arg1 quartile 1709:1716 the upper quartile 1699:1716 the upper quartile 1699:1716 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 3 95 with subjects 523:530 arg1 episode 550:556 a subsequent episode 537:556 a subsequent episode of VTE (recurrent VTE) 537:579 METHODS We studied 200 consecutive patients with VTE (89 men, 111 women, aged from 17 to 83 years), including 57 subjects with a subsequent episode of VTE (recurrent VTE) during 24 months of follow-up. 26371408 10 96 from predictor 1662:1670 arg1 quartile 1709:1716 the upper quartile 1699:1716 the upper quartile 1699:1716 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 1 97 theme marked 200:205 arg1 hyperhomocysteinemia 207:226 marked hyperhomocysteinemia 200:226 marked hyperhomocysteinemia 200:226 BACKGROUND Recently, protein N-linked homocysteine (Hcy) has been measured in healthy subjects and patients with marked hyperhomocysteinemia. 26371408 6 98 theme C-reactive 981:990 arg1 CRP 1001:1003 CRP 1001:1003 CRP 1001:1003 In the whole group protein N-linked Hcy correlated only with C-reactive protein (CRP; r = 0.44, p < 0.0001). 26371408 6 98 theme C-reactive 981:990 arg1 protein 992:998 C-reactive protein 981:998 C-reactive protein (CRP; r = 0.44, p < 0.0001) 981:1026 In the whole group protein N-linked Hcy correlated only with C-reactive protein (CRP; r = 0.44, p < 0.0001). 26371408 4 99 theme on-column 698:706 arg1 derivatization 708:721 an on-column derivatization 695:721 an on-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and fluorescence detection 695:772 Protein N-linked Hcy was assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography with an on-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and fluorescence detection. 26371408 2 100 theme Hcy 377:379 arg1 levels 381:386 protein N-linked Hcy levels 360:386 protein N-linked Hcy levels in patients with VTE 360:407 Since elevated total Hcy (tHcy) levels are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), we aimed to investigate protein N-linked Hcy levels in patients with VTE. 26371408 0 101 theme N-linked 8:15 arg1 homocysteine 17:28 Protein N-linked homocysteine 0:28 Protein N-linked homocysteine 0:28 Protein N-linked homocysteine is associated with recurrence of venous thromboembolism. 26371408 7 102 dep protein 1108:1114 arg1 r 1117:1117 r 1117:1117 r = 0.43 1117:1124 In patients with recurrent VTE protein N-linked Hcy correlated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001), tHcy (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) and age (r = 0.32, p = 0.014), but not with thrombophilia, unprovoked VTE or the current anticoagulation. 26371408 7 102 dep protein 1108:1114 arg1 p 1127:1127 p < 0.0001 1127:1136 p < 0.0001 1127:1136 In patients with recurrent VTE protein N-linked Hcy correlated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001), tHcy (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) and age (r = 0.32, p = 0.014), but not with thrombophilia, unprovoked VTE or the current anticoagulation. 26371408 9 103 theme VTE 1509:1511 arg1 episode 1498:1504 a single episode 1489:1504 a single episode of VTE 1489:1511 Patients with recurrent VTE had higher levels of protein N-linked Hcy compared to those who experienced a single episode of VTE (1.553 μM, 1.157-2.445 vs. 1.27 μM, 0.826-1.884; p = 0.002). 26371408 8 104 theme tHcy 1306:1309 arg1 μM 1316:1317 tHcy ≥ 15 μM 1306:1317 tHcy ≥ 15 μM (n = 14.7%) 1306:1329 Hyperhomocysteinemia, defined as tHcy ≥ 15 μM (n = 14.7%), was not associated with higher protein N-linked Hcy. 26371408 2 105 theme protein 360:366 arg1 levels 381:386 protein N-linked Hcy levels 360:386 protein N-linked Hcy levels in patients with VTE 360:407 Since elevated total Hcy (tHcy) levels are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), we aimed to investigate protein N-linked Hcy levels in patients with VTE. 26371408 10 106 from Hcy 1692:1694 arg1 quartile 1709:1716 the upper quartile 1699:1716 the upper quartile 1699:1716 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 1 107 theme protein 108:114 arg1 Hcy 139:141 Hcy 139:141 Hcy 139:141 BACKGROUND Recently, protein N-linked homocysteine (Hcy) has been measured in healthy subjects and patients with marked hyperhomocysteinemia. 26371408 1 107 theme protein 108:114 arg1 homocysteine 125:136 protein N-linked homocysteine 108:136 protein N-linked homocysteine (Hcy) 108:142 BACKGROUND Recently, protein N-linked homocysteine (Hcy) has been measured in healthy subjects and patients with marked hyperhomocysteinemia. 26371408 11 108 link N-linked 1828:1835 arg1 concentrations 1841:1854 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations 1800:1854 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations 1800:1854 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations, indicating enhanced protein homocysteinylation in vivo, characterize patients with recurrent VTE and this phenomenon is associated with enhanced inflammatory state. 26371408 3 109 theme recurrent 566:574 arg1 VTE 561:563 VTE 561:563 VTE (recurrent VTE) 561:579 METHODS We studied 200 consecutive patients with VTE (89 men, 111 women, aged from 17 to 83 years), including 57 subjects with a subsequent episode of VTE (recurrent VTE) during 24 months of follow-up. 26371408 3 109 theme recurrent 566:574 arg1 VTE 576:578 recurrent VTE 566:578 recurrent VTE 566:578 METHODS We studied 200 consecutive patients with VTE (89 men, 111 women, aged from 17 to 83 years), including 57 subjects with a subsequent episode of VTE (recurrent VTE) during 24 months of follow-up. 26371408 4 110 theme liquid 668:673 arg1 chromatography 675:688 high-performance liquid chromatography 651:688 high-performance liquid chromatography with an on-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and fluorescence detection 651:772 Protein N-linked Hcy was assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography with an on-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and fluorescence detection. 26371408 5 111 theme N-linked 802:809 arg1 Hcy 811:813 The median protein N-linked Hcy 783:813 RESULTS The median protein N-linked Hcy 775:813 RESULTS The median protein N-linked Hcy was 1.404 μM (interquartile range [IQR] 0.859-2.066), while the median tHcy (IQR) was 9.1 μM (6.8-11.2). 26371408 6 112 theme protein 939:945 arg1 Hcy 956:958 protein N-linked Hcy 939:958 protein N-linked Hcy 939:958 In the whole group protein N-linked Hcy correlated only with C-reactive protein (CRP; r = 0.44, p < 0.0001). 26371408 7 113 theme = 1148:1148 arg1 0.42 1150:1153 r = 0.42 1146:1153 r = 0.42 1146:1153 In patients with recurrent VTE protein N-linked Hcy correlated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001), tHcy (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) and age (r = 0.32, p = 0.014), but not with thrombophilia, unprovoked VTE or the current anticoagulation. 26371408 3 114 theme VTE 561:563 arg1 episode 550:556 a subsequent episode 537:556 a subsequent episode of VTE (recurrent VTE) 537:579 METHODS We studied 200 consecutive patients with VTE (89 men, 111 women, aged from 17 to 83 years), including 57 subjects with a subsequent episode of VTE (recurrent VTE) during 24 months of follow-up. 26371408 3 115 theme consecutive 433:443 arg1 subjects 523:530 57 subjects 520:530 57 subjects with a subsequent episode of VTE (recurrent VTE) 520:579 METHODS We studied 200 consecutive patients with VTE (89 men, 111 women, aged from 17 to 83 years), including 57 subjects with a subsequent episode of VTE (recurrent VTE) during 24 months of follow-up. 26371408 3 115 theme consecutive 433:443 arg1 patients 445:452 200 consecutive patients 429:452 200 consecutive patients with VTE (89 men, 111 women, aged from 17 to 83 years) 429:507 METHODS We studied 200 consecutive patients with VTE (89 men, 111 women, aged from 17 to 83 years), including 57 subjects with a subsequent episode of VTE (recurrent VTE) during 24 months of follow-up. 26371408 10 116 theme protein 1675:1681 arg1 Hcy 1692:1694 protein N-linked Hcy 1675:1694 protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile 1675:1716 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 10 117 from quartile 1709:1716 arg1 predictor 1662:1670 the only independent predictor 1641:1670 the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile 1641:1716 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 10 117 from quartile 1709:1716 arg1 3mg/L 1728:1732 CRP > 3mg/L 1722:1732 CRP > 3mg/L 1722:1732 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 9 118 link N-linked 1442:1449 arg1 Hcy 1451:1453 protein N-linked Hcy 1434:1453 protein N-linked Hcy 1434:1453 Patients with recurrent VTE had higher levels of protein N-linked Hcy compared to those who experienced a single episode of VTE (1.553 μM, 1.157-2.445 vs. 1.27 μM, 0.826-1.884; p = 0.002). 26371408 11 119 theme N-linked 1828:1835 arg1 concentrations 1841:1854 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations 1800:1854 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations 1800:1854 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations, indicating enhanced protein homocysteinylation in vivo, characterize patients with recurrent VTE and this phenomenon is associated with enhanced inflammatory state. 26371408 8 120 theme = 1322:1322 arg1 n 1320:1320 n 1320:1320 n = 14.7% 1320:1328 Hyperhomocysteinemia, defined as tHcy ≥ 15 μM (n = 14.7%), was not associated with higher protein N-linked Hcy. 26371408 6 121 dep CRP 1001:1003 arg1 < 1018:1018 p < 0.0001 1016:1025 p < 0.0001 1016:1025 In the whole group protein N-linked Hcy correlated only with C-reactive protein (CRP; r = 0.44, p < 0.0001). 26371408 6 121 dep CRP 1001:1003 arg1 r 1006:1006 r 1006:1006 r = 0.44 1006:1013 In the whole group protein N-linked Hcy correlated only with C-reactive protein (CRP; r = 0.44, p < 0.0001). 26371408 8 122 theme protein 1363:1369 arg1 Hcy 1380:1382 higher protein N-linked Hcy 1356:1382 higher protein N-linked Hcy 1356:1382 Hyperhomocysteinemia, defined as tHcy ≥ 15 μM (n = 14.7%), was not associated with higher protein N-linked Hcy. 26371408 11 123 with patients 1926:1933 arg1 VTE 1950:1952 recurrent VTE 1940:1952 recurrent VTE 1940:1952 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations, indicating enhanced protein homocysteinylation in vivo, characterize patients with recurrent VTE and this phenomenon is associated with enhanced inflammatory state. 26371408 10 124 link N-linked 1683:1690 arg1 Hcy 1692:1694 protein N-linked Hcy 1675:1694 protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile 1675:1716 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 6 125 theme = 1008:1008 arg1 r 1006:1006 r 1006:1006 r = 0.44 1006:1013 In the whole group protein N-linked Hcy correlated only with C-reactive protein (CRP; r = 0.44, p < 0.0001). 26371408 11 126 theme enhanced 1993:2000 arg1 state 2015:2019 enhanced inflammatory state 1993:2019 enhanced inflammatory state 1993:2019 CONCLUSION Elevated protein N-linked Hcy concentrations, indicating enhanced protein homocysteinylation in vivo, characterize patients with recurrent VTE and this phenomenon is associated with enhanced inflammatory state. 26371408 9 127 with Patients 1385:1392 arg1 VTE 1409:1411 recurrent VTE 1399:1411 recurrent VTE 1399:1411 Patients with recurrent VTE had higher levels of protein N-linked Hcy compared to those who experienced a single episode of VTE (1.553 μM, 1.157-2.445 vs. 1.27 μM, 0.826-1.884; p = 0.002). 26371408 3 128 dep patients 445:452 arg1 men 467:469 89 men 464:469 89 men 464:469 METHODS We studied 200 consecutive patients with VTE (89 men, 111 women, aged from 17 to 83 years), including 57 subjects with a subsequent episode of VTE (recurrent VTE) during 24 months of follow-up. 26371408 3 128 dep patients 445:452 arg1 women 476:480 111 women 472:480 111 women 472:480 METHODS We studied 200 consecutive patients with VTE (89 men, 111 women, aged from 17 to 83 years), including 57 subjects with a subsequent episode of VTE (recurrent VTE) during 24 months of follow-up. 26371408 10 129 theme > 1726:1726 arg1 predictor 1662:1670 the only independent predictor 1641:1670 the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile 1641:1716 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 10 129 theme > 1726:1726 arg1 3mg/L 1728:1732 CRP > 3mg/L 1722:1732 CRP > 3mg/L 1722:1732 Multiple regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that the only independent predictor of protein N-linked Hcy in the upper quartile was CRP > 3mg/L (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 2.12-4.36, p < 0.0001). 26371408 1 130 link N-linked 116:123 arg1 Hcy 139:141 Hcy 139:141 Hcy 139:141 BACKGROUND Recently, protein N-linked homocysteine (Hcy) has been measured in healthy subjects and patients with marked hyperhomocysteinemia. 26371408 1 130 link N-linked 116:123 arg1 homocysteine 125:136 protein N-linked homocysteine 108:136 protein N-linked homocysteine (Hcy) 108:142 BACKGROUND Recently, protein N-linked homocysteine (Hcy) has been measured in healthy subjects and patients with marked hyperhomocysteinemia. 27761976 0 0 from Crystallization 16:30 arg1 Vapor 66:70 Hydrogen Chloride Vapor 48:70 Hydrogen Chloride Vapor for High-Yield Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals 48:121 Degradation and Crystallization of Cellulose in Hydrogen Chloride Vapor for High-Yield Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals. 27761976 5 1 theme biological 911:920 arg1 materials 922:930 morphologically heterogeneous biological materials 881:930 morphologically heterogeneous biological materials 881:930 The study serves as a starting point for the solid-state tuning of the supramolecular properties of morphologically heterogeneous biological materials. 27761976 0 2 theme High-Yield 76:85 arg1 Isolation 87:95 High-Yield Isolation 76:95 High-Yield Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals 76:121 Degradation and Crystallization of Cellulose in Hydrogen Chloride Vapor for High-Yield Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals. 27761976 3 3 from texture 517:523 arg1 system 593:598 the gas/solid system 579:598 the gas/solid system 579:598 Because of the unchanged sample texture and the lack of mass transfer out of the substrate in the gas/solid system, the changes in the crystallinity could be reliably monitored. 27761976 1 4 theme cellulose 169:177 arg1 role 161:164 the structural, load-bearing role 132:164 the structural, load-bearing role of cellulose in the plant kingdom 132:198 Despite the structural, load-bearing role of cellulose in the plant kingdom, countless efforts have been devoted to degrading this recalcitrant polysaccharide, particularly in the context of biofuels and renewable nanomaterials. 27761976 4 5 with nanocrystals 717:728 arg1 consumption 768:778 minimal water consumption 754:778 minimal water consumption 754:778 Furthermore, we describe the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals in high yields and with minimal water consumption. 27761976 1 6 theme recalcitrant 255:266 arg1 polysaccharide 268:281 this recalcitrant polysaccharide 250:281 this recalcitrant polysaccharide 250:281 Despite the structural, load-bearing role of cellulose in the plant kingdom, countless efforts have been devoted to degrading this recalcitrant polysaccharide, particularly in the context of biofuels and renewable nanomaterials. 27761976 0 7 theme Cellulose 100:108 arg1 Nanocrystals 110:121 Cellulose Nanocrystals 100:121 Cellulose Nanocrystals 100:121 Degradation and Crystallization of Cellulose in Hydrogen Chloride Vapor for High-Yield Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals. 27761976 0 8 from Degradation 0:10 arg1 Vapor 66:70 Hydrogen Chloride Vapor 48:70 Hydrogen Chloride Vapor for High-Yield Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals 48:121 Degradation and Crystallization of Cellulose in Hydrogen Chloride Vapor for High-Yield Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals. 27761976 1 9 dep structural 136:145 arg1 load-bearing 148:159 load-bearing 148:159 load-bearing 148:159 Despite the structural, load-bearing role of cellulose in the plant kingdom, countless efforts have been devoted to degrading this recalcitrant polysaccharide, particularly in the context of biofuels and renewable nanomaterials. 27761976 4 10 theme minimal 754:760 arg1 consumption 768:778 minimal water consumption 754:778 minimal water consumption 754:778 Furthermore, we describe the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals in high yields and with minimal water consumption. 27761976 4 11 theme cellulose 707:715 arg1 nanocrystals 717:728 cellulose nanocrystals 707:728 cellulose nanocrystals in high yields and with minimal water consumption 707:778 Furthermore, we describe the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals in high yields and with minimal water consumption. 27761976 5 12 theme solid-state 826:836 arg1 tuning 838:843 the solid-state tuning 822:843 the solid-state tuning of the supramolecular properties of morphologically heterogeneous biological materials 822:930 The study serves as a starting point for the solid-state tuning of the supramolecular properties of morphologically heterogeneous biological materials. 27761976 1 13 from role 161:164 arg1 kingdom 192:198 the plant kingdom 182:198 the plant kingdom 182:198 Despite the structural, load-bearing role of cellulose in the plant kingdom, countless efforts have been devoted to degrading this recalcitrant polysaccharide, particularly in the context of biofuels and renewable nanomaterials. 27761976 3 14 from changes 605:611 arg1 crystallinity 620:632 the crystallinity 616:632 the crystallinity 616:632 Because of the unchanged sample texture and the lack of mass transfer out of the substrate in the gas/solid system, the changes in the crystallinity could be reliably monitored. 27761976 2 15 theme fibers 401:406 arg1 exposure 377:384 the exposure 373:384 the exposure of plant-based fibers to HCl vapor 373:419 Herein, we show how the exposure of plant-based fibers to HCl vapor results in rapid degradation with simultaneous crystallization. 27761976 0 16 theme Nanocrystals 110:121 arg1 Isolation 87:95 High-Yield Isolation 76:95 High-Yield Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals 76:121 Degradation and Crystallization of Cellulose in Hydrogen Chloride Vapor for High-Yield Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals. 27761976 3 17 theme mass 541:544 arg1 transfer 546:553 mass transfer 541:553 mass transfer out of the substrate 541:574 Because of the unchanged sample texture and the lack of mass transfer out of the substrate in the gas/solid system, the changes in the crystallinity could be reliably monitored. 27761976 2 18 theme plant-based 389:399 arg1 fibers 401:406 plant-based fibers 389:406 plant-based fibers 389:406 Herein, we show how the exposure of plant-based fibers to HCl vapor results in rapid degradation with simultaneous crystallization. 27761976 1 19 theme plant 186:190 arg1 kingdom 192:198 the plant kingdom 182:198 the plant kingdom 182:198 Despite the structural, load-bearing role of cellulose in the plant kingdom, countless efforts have been devoted to degrading this recalcitrant polysaccharide, particularly in the context of biofuels and renewable nanomaterials. 27761976 5 20 theme starting 803:810 arg1 point 812:816 a starting point 801:816 a starting point for the solid-state tuning of the supramolecular properties of morphologically heterogeneous biological materials 801:930 The study serves as a starting point for the solid-state tuning of the supramolecular properties of morphologically heterogeneous biological materials. 27761976 5 20 theme starting 803:810 arg1 study 785:789 The study 781:789 The study 781:789 The study serves as a starting point for the solid-state tuning of the supramolecular properties of morphologically heterogeneous biological materials. 27761976 4 21 from yields 738:743 arg1 preparation 692:702 the preparation 688:702 the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals in high yields and with minimal water consumption 688:778 Furthermore, we describe the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals in high yields and with minimal water consumption. 27761976 4 22 theme high 733:736 arg1 yields 738:743 high yields 733:743 high yields 733:743 Furthermore, we describe the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals in high yields and with minimal water consumption. 27761976 4 23 theme water 762:766 arg1 consumption 768:778 minimal water consumption 754:778 minimal water consumption 754:778 Furthermore, we describe the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals in high yields and with minimal water consumption. 27761976 2 24 theme rapid 432:436 arg1 degradation 438:448 rapid degradation 432:448 rapid degradation with simultaneous crystallization 432:482 Herein, we show how the exposure of plant-based fibers to HCl vapor results in rapid degradation with simultaneous crystallization. 27761976 3 25 from lack 533:536 arg1 system 593:598 the gas/solid system 579:598 the gas/solid system 579:598 Because of the unchanged sample texture and the lack of mass transfer out of the substrate in the gas/solid system, the changes in the crystallinity could be reliably monitored. 27761976 5 26 theme materials 922:930 arg1 properties 867:876 the supramolecular properties 848:876 the supramolecular properties of morphologically heterogeneous biological materials 848:930 The study serves as a starting point for the solid-state tuning of the supramolecular properties of morphologically heterogeneous biological materials. 27761976 1 27 theme countless 201:209 arg1 efforts 211:217 countless efforts 201:217 countless efforts 201:217 Despite the structural, load-bearing role of cellulose in the plant kingdom, countless efforts have been devoted to degrading this recalcitrant polysaccharide, particularly in the context of biofuels and renewable nanomaterials. 27761976 2 28 theme HCl 411:413 arg1 vapor 415:419 HCl vapor 411:419 HCl vapor 411:419 Herein, we show how the exposure of plant-based fibers to HCl vapor results in rapid degradation with simultaneous crystallization. 27761976 0 29 theme Cellulose 35:43 arg1 Crystallization 16:30 Crystallization 16:30 Crystallization 16:30 Degradation and Crystallization of Cellulose in Hydrogen Chloride Vapor for High-Yield Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals. 27761976 0 29 theme Cellulose 35:43 arg1 Degradation 0:10 Degradation 0:10 Degradation 0:10 Degradation and Crystallization of Cellulose in Hydrogen Chloride Vapor for High-Yield Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals. 27761976 5 30 theme properties 867:876 arg1 tuning 838:843 the solid-state tuning 822:843 the solid-state tuning of the supramolecular properties of morphologically heterogeneous biological materials 822:930 The study serves as a starting point for the solid-state tuning of the supramolecular properties of morphologically heterogeneous biological materials. 27761976 0 31 theme Chloride 57:64 arg1 Vapor 66:70 Hydrogen Chloride Vapor 48:70 Hydrogen Chloride Vapor for High-Yield Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals 48:121 Degradation and Crystallization of Cellulose in Hydrogen Chloride Vapor for High-Yield Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals. 27761976 1 32 theme biofuels 315:322 arg1 context 304:310 the context 300:310 the context of biofuels and renewable nanomaterials 300:350 Despite the structural, load-bearing role of cellulose in the plant kingdom, countless efforts have been devoted to degrading this recalcitrant polysaccharide, particularly in the context of biofuels and renewable nanomaterials. 27761976 3 33 theme unchanged 500:508 arg1 texture 517:523 the unchanged sample texture 496:523 the unchanged sample texture 496:523 Because of the unchanged sample texture and the lack of mass transfer out of the substrate in the gas/solid system, the changes in the crystallinity could be reliably monitored. 27761976 0 34 theme Hydrogen 48:55 arg1 Vapor 66:70 Hydrogen Chloride Vapor 48:70 Hydrogen Chloride Vapor for High-Yield Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals 48:121 Degradation and Crystallization of Cellulose in Hydrogen Chloride Vapor for High-Yield Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals. 27761976 2 35 theme simultaneous 455:466 arg1 crystallization 468:482 simultaneous crystallization 455:482 simultaneous crystallization 455:482 Herein, we show how the exposure of plant-based fibers to HCl vapor results in rapid degradation with simultaneous crystallization. 27761976 3 36 theme gas/solid 583:591 arg1 system 593:598 the gas/solid system 579:598 the gas/solid system 579:598 Because of the unchanged sample texture and the lack of mass transfer out of the substrate in the gas/solid system, the changes in the crystallinity could be reliably monitored. 27761976 3 37 theme sample 510:515 arg1 texture 517:523 the unchanged sample texture 496:523 the unchanged sample texture 496:523 Because of the unchanged sample texture and the lack of mass transfer out of the substrate in the gas/solid system, the changes in the crystallinity could be reliably monitored. 27761976 1 38 theme renewable 328:336 arg1 nanomaterials 338:350 renewable nanomaterials 328:350 renewable nanomaterials 328:350 Despite the structural, load-bearing role of cellulose in the plant kingdom, countless efforts have been devoted to degrading this recalcitrant polysaccharide, particularly in the context of biofuels and renewable nanomaterials. 27761976 2 39 with degradation 438:448 arg1 crystallization 468:482 simultaneous crystallization 455:482 simultaneous crystallization 455:482 Herein, we show how the exposure of plant-based fibers to HCl vapor results in rapid degradation with simultaneous crystallization. 27761976 1 40 theme structural 136:145 arg1 role 161:164 the structural, load-bearing role 132:164 the structural, load-bearing role of cellulose in the plant kingdom 132:198 Despite the structural, load-bearing role of cellulose in the plant kingdom, countless efforts have been devoted to degrading this recalcitrant polysaccharide, particularly in the context of biofuels and renewable nanomaterials. 27761976 4 41 from nanocrystals 717:728 arg1 yields 738:743 high yields 733:743 high yields 733:743 Furthermore, we describe the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals in high yields and with minimal water consumption. 27761976 3 42 theme transfer 546:553 arg1 texture 517:523 the unchanged sample texture 496:523 the unchanged sample texture 496:523 Because of the unchanged sample texture and the lack of mass transfer out of the substrate in the gas/solid system, the changes in the crystallinity could be reliably monitored. 27761976 3 42 theme transfer 546:553 arg1 lack 533:536 the lack 529:536 the lack of mass transfer out of the substrate in the gas/solid system 529:598 Because of the unchanged sample texture and the lack of mass transfer out of the substrate in the gas/solid system, the changes in the crystallinity could be reliably monitored. 27761976 4 43 theme nanocrystals 717:728 arg1 preparation 692:702 the preparation 688:702 the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals in high yields and with minimal water consumption 688:778 Furthermore, we describe the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals in high yields and with minimal water consumption. 27761976 5 44 theme supramolecular 852:865 arg1 properties 867:876 the supramolecular properties 848:876 the supramolecular properties of morphologically heterogeneous biological materials 848:930 The study serves as a starting point for the solid-state tuning of the supramolecular properties of morphologically heterogeneous biological materials. 27761976 1 45 theme nanomaterials 338:350 arg1 context 304:310 the context 300:310 the context of biofuels and renewable nanomaterials 300:350 Despite the structural, load-bearing role of cellulose in the plant kingdom, countless efforts have been devoted to degrading this recalcitrant polysaccharide, particularly in the context of biofuels and renewable nanomaterials. 27761976 5 46 theme heterogeneous 897:909 arg1 materials 922:930 morphologically heterogeneous biological materials 881:930 morphologically heterogeneous biological materials 881:930 The study serves as a starting point for the solid-state tuning of the supramolecular properties of morphologically heterogeneous biological materials. 27761976 4 47 from preparation 692:702 arg1 yields 738:743 high yields 733:743 high yields 733:743 Furthermore, we describe the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals in high yields and with minimal water consumption. 27347182 5 0 theme thyroid 673:679 arg1 carcinoma 681:689 anaplastic thyroid carcinoma 662:689 anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) 662:695 Computed tomography scans of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) reveal a rapid growth rate and invasion. 27347182 5 0 theme thyroid 673:679 arg1 ATC 692:694 ATC 692:694 ATC 692:694 Computed tomography scans of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) reveal a rapid growth rate and invasion. 27347182 11 1 dep diagnosis 1458:1466 arg1 the 1454:1456 the 1454:1456 the 1454:1456 The findings of the present study suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is associated with malignant properties of thyroid cancer, and may be a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. 27347182 1 2 theme nuclear 184:190 arg1 proteins 208:215 nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 184:215 nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 184:215 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 1 3 theme biological 264:273 arg1 processes 280:288 biological cell processes 264:288 biological cell processes 264:288 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 4 4 theme exact 525:529 arg1 role 531:534 the exact role 521:534 the exact role of O-GlcNAcylation in tumor pathogenesis or progression 521:590 However, the exact role of O-GlcNAcylation in tumor pathogenesis or progression remains to be established. 27347182 8 5 theme global 1007:1012 arg1 level 1023:1027 the global O-GlcNAc level 1003:1027 the global O-GlcNAc level 1003:1027 By contrast, the global O-GlcNAc level was decreased by silencing of OGT. 27347182 1 6 theme cell 275:278 arg1 processes 280:288 biological cell processes 264:288 biological cell processes 264:288 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 5 7 theme Computed 619:626 arg1 scans 639:643 Computed tomography scans 619:643 Computed tomography scans of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) 619:695 Computed tomography scans of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) reveal a rapid growth rate and invasion. 27347182 1 8 theme N-acetylglucosamine 75:93 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 121:135 O-GlcNAcylation 121:135 O-GlcNAcylation 121:135 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 1 8 theme N-acetylglucosamine 75:93 arg1 modification 168:179 a dynamic post-translational modification 139:179 a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 139:215 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 1 8 theme N-acetylglucosamine 75:93 arg1 glycosylation 106:118 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation 66:118 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) 66:136 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 7 9 theme OGT 913:915 arg1 downregulation 920:933 downregulation 920:933 downregulation of OGA activity 920:949 The global O-GlcNAc level of intracellular proteins was increased by overexpression of OGT or downregulation of OGA activity with the specific inhibitor Thiamet-G. 27347182 7 9 theme OGT 913:915 arg1 overexpression 895:908 overexpression 895:908 overexpression of OGT 895:915 The global O-GlcNAc level of intracellular proteins was increased by overexpression of OGT or downregulation of OGA activity with the specific inhibitor Thiamet-G. 27347182 1 10 theme processes 280:288 arg1 regulation 250:259 the regulation 246:259 the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer 246:305 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 11 11 theme present 1318:1324 arg1 study 1326:1330 the present study 1314:1330 the present study 1314:1330 The findings of the present study suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is associated with malignant properties of thyroid cancer, and may be a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. 27347182 5 12 theme tomography 628:637 arg1 scans 639:643 Computed tomography scans 619:643 Computed tomography scans of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) 619:695 Computed tomography scans of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) reveal a rapid growth rate and invasion. 27347182 11 13 theme cancer 1412:1417 arg1 properties 1390:1399 malignant properties 1380:1399 malignant properties of thyroid cancer 1380:1417 The findings of the present study suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is associated with malignant properties of thyroid cancer, and may be a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. 27347182 2 14 theme O-GlcNAc 352:359 arg1 OGT 374:376 OGT 374:376 OGT 374:376 O-GlcNAcylation is dynamically regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase (OGA). 27347182 2 14 theme O-GlcNAc 352:359 arg1 transferase 361:371 O-GlcNAc transferase 352:371 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) 352:377 O-GlcNAcylation is dynamically regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase (OGA). 27347182 8 15 theme O-GlcNAc 1014:1021 arg1 level 1023:1027 the global O-GlcNAc level 1003:1027 the global O-GlcNAc level 1003:1027 By contrast, the global O-GlcNAc level was decreased by silencing of OGT. 27347182 7 16 theme O-GlcNAc 837:844 arg1 level 846:850 The global O-GlcNAc level 826:850 The global O-GlcNAc level of intracellular proteins 826:876 The global O-GlcNAc level of intracellular proteins was increased by overexpression of OGT or downregulation of OGA activity with the specific inhibitor Thiamet-G. 27347182 1 17 theme cytoplasmic 196:206 arg1 proteins 208:215 nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 184:215 nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 184:215 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 10 18 theme formation 1232:1240 arg1 ability 1242:1248 colony formation ability 1225:1248 colony formation ability 1225:1248 Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation enhanced cellular biological functions, such as colony formation ability, migration and invasion, of ATC cells in vitro. 27347182 5 19 theme patients 648:655 arg1 scans 639:643 Computed tomography scans 619:643 Computed tomography scans of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) 619:695 Computed tomography scans of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) reveal a rapid growth rate and invasion. 27347182 6 20 theme ATC 821:823 arg1 progression 806:816 the progression 802:816 the progression of ATC 802:823 The present study demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation accelerates the progression of ATC. 27347182 11 21 theme potential 1433:1441 arg1 target 1443:1448 a potential target 1431:1448 a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer 1431:1498 The findings of the present study suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is associated with malignant properties of thyroid cancer, and may be a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. 27347182 9 22 theme cell 1128:1131 arg1 proliferation 1133:1145 cell proliferation 1128:1145 cell proliferation 1128:1145 MTT assay indicated that O-GlcNAcylation significantly promotes cell proliferation. 27347182 1 23 theme proteins 208:215 arg1 glycosylation 106:118 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation 66:118 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) 66:136 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 1 23 theme proteins 208:215 arg1 modification 168:179 a dynamic post-translational modification 139:179 a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 139:215 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 7 24 theme global 830:835 arg1 level 846:850 The global O-GlcNAc level 826:850 The global O-GlcNAc level of intracellular proteins 826:876 The global O-GlcNAc level of intracellular proteins was increased by overexpression of OGT or downregulation of OGA activity with the specific inhibitor Thiamet-G. 27347182 1 25 link O-linked 66:73 arg1 O-GlcNAc 96:103 O-GlcNAc 96:103 O-GlcNAc 96:103 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 1 25 link O-linked 66:73 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 75:93 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 66:93 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) 66:136 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 1 26 theme human 294:298 arg1 cancer 300:305 human cancer 294:305 human cancer 294:305 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 5 27 theme anaplastic 662:671 arg1 carcinoma 681:689 anaplastic thyroid carcinoma 662:689 anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) 662:695 Computed tomography scans of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) reveal a rapid growth rate and invasion. 27347182 5 27 theme anaplastic 662:671 arg1 ATC 692:694 ATC 692:694 ATC 692:694 Computed tomography scans of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) reveal a rapid growth rate and invasion. 27347182 9 28 theme MTT 1064:1066 arg1 assay 1068:1072 MTT assay 1064:1072 MTT assay 1064:1072 MTT assay indicated that O-GlcNAcylation significantly promotes cell proliferation. 27347182 7 29 theme intracellular 855:867 arg1 proteins 869:876 intracellular proteins 855:876 intracellular proteins 855:876 The global O-GlcNAc level of intracellular proteins was increased by overexpression of OGT or downregulation of OGA activity with the specific inhibitor Thiamet-G. 27347182 0 30 theme thyroid 36:42 arg1 malignancy 54:63 anaplastic thyroid carcinoma malignancy 25:63 anaplastic thyroid carcinoma malignancy 25:63 O-GlcNAcylation enhances anaplastic thyroid carcinoma malignancy. 27347182 1 31 theme cancer 300:305 arg1 regulation 250:259 the regulation 246:259 the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer 246:305 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 5 32 theme growth 712:717 arg1 rate 719:722 a rapid growth rate 704:722 a rapid growth rate 704:722 Computed tomography scans of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) reveal a rapid growth rate and invasion. 27347182 7 33 theme specific 960:967 arg1 Thiamet-G 979:987 the specific inhibitor Thiamet-G 956:987 the specific inhibitor Thiamet-G 956:987 The global O-GlcNAc level of intracellular proteins was increased by overexpression of OGT or downregulation of OGA activity with the specific inhibitor Thiamet-G. 27347182 7 34 theme proteins 869:876 arg1 level 846:850 The global O-GlcNAc level 826:850 The global O-GlcNAc level of intracellular proteins 826:876 The global O-GlcNAc level of intracellular proteins was increased by overexpression of OGT or downregulation of OGA activity with the specific inhibitor Thiamet-G. 27347182 0 35 theme anaplastic 25:34 arg1 malignancy 54:63 anaplastic thyroid carcinoma malignancy 25:63 anaplastic thyroid carcinoma malignancy 25:63 O-GlcNAcylation enhances anaplastic thyroid carcinoma malignancy. 27347182 10 36 theme cellular 1186:1193 arg1 migration 1251:1259 migration 1251:1259 migration 1251:1259 Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation enhanced cellular biological functions, such as colony formation ability, migration and invasion, of ATC cells in vitro. 27347182 10 36 theme cellular 1186:1193 arg1 invasion 1265:1272 invasion 1265:1272 invasion 1265:1272 Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation enhanced cellular biological functions, such as colony formation ability, migration and invasion, of ATC cells in vitro. 27347182 10 36 theme cellular 1186:1193 arg1 functions 1206:1214 cellular biological functions 1186:1214 cellular biological functions 1186:1214 Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation enhanced cellular biological functions, such as colony formation ability, migration and invasion, of ATC cells in vitro. 27347182 10 36 theme cellular 1186:1193 arg1 ability 1242:1248 colony formation ability 1225:1248 colony formation ability 1225:1248 Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation enhanced cellular biological functions, such as colony formation ability, migration and invasion, of ATC cells in vitro. 27347182 11 37 theme cancer 1493:1498 arg1 treatment 1472:1480 treatment 1472:1480 treatment 1472:1480 The findings of the present study suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is associated with malignant properties of thyroid cancer, and may be a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. 27347182 11 37 theme cancer 1493:1498 arg1 diagnosis 1458:1466 diagnosis 1458:1466 diagnosis 1458:1466 The findings of the present study suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is associated with malignant properties of thyroid cancer, and may be a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. 27347182 3 38 theme types 489:493 arg1 variety 478:484 a variety 476:484 a variety of types of human cancer 476:509 Accumulating evidence suggests that O-GlcNAcylation is involved in a variety of types of human cancer. 27347182 3 38 theme types 489:493 arg1 types 489:493 types 489:493 types of human cancer 489:509 Accumulating evidence suggests that O-GlcNAcylation is involved in a variety of types of human cancer. 27347182 11 39 theme thyroid 1485:1491 arg1 cancer 1493:1498 thyroid cancer 1485:1498 thyroid cancer 1485:1498 The findings of the present study suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is associated with malignant properties of thyroid cancer, and may be a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. 27347182 7 40 theme OGA 938:940 arg1 activity 942:949 OGA activity 938:949 OGA activity 938:949 The global O-GlcNAc level of intracellular proteins was increased by overexpression of OGT or downregulation of OGA activity with the specific inhibitor Thiamet-G. 27347182 1 41 theme critical 229:236 arg1 role 238:241 a critical role 227:241 a critical role 227:241 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 0 42 theme carcinoma 44:52 arg1 malignancy 54:63 anaplastic thyroid carcinoma malignancy 25:63 anaplastic thyroid carcinoma malignancy 25:63 O-GlcNAcylation enhances anaplastic thyroid carcinoma malignancy. 27347182 10 43 theme colony 1225:1230 arg1 ability 1242:1248 colony formation ability 1225:1248 colony formation ability 1225:1248 Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation enhanced cellular biological functions, such as colony formation ability, migration and invasion, of ATC cells in vitro. 27347182 10 44 theme biological 1195:1204 arg1 migration 1251:1259 migration 1251:1259 migration 1251:1259 Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation enhanced cellular biological functions, such as colony formation ability, migration and invasion, of ATC cells in vitro. 27347182 10 44 theme biological 1195:1204 arg1 invasion 1265:1272 invasion 1265:1272 invasion 1265:1272 Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation enhanced cellular biological functions, such as colony formation ability, migration and invasion, of ATC cells in vitro. 27347182 10 44 theme biological 1195:1204 arg1 functions 1206:1214 cellular biological functions 1186:1214 cellular biological functions 1186:1214 Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation enhanced cellular biological functions, such as colony formation ability, migration and invasion, of ATC cells in vitro. 27347182 10 44 theme biological 1195:1204 arg1 ability 1242:1248 colony formation ability 1225:1248 colony formation ability 1225:1248 Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation enhanced cellular biological functions, such as colony formation ability, migration and invasion, of ATC cells in vitro. 27347182 4 45 theme O-GlcNAcylation 539:553 arg1 role 531:534 the exact role 521:534 the exact role of O-GlcNAcylation in tumor pathogenesis or progression 521:590 However, the exact role of O-GlcNAcylation in tumor pathogenesis or progression remains to be established. 27347182 3 46 theme Accumulating 409:420 arg1 evidence 422:429 Accumulating evidence 409:429 Accumulating evidence 409:429 Accumulating evidence suggests that O-GlcNAcylation is involved in a variety of types of human cancer. 27347182 4 47 theme tumor 558:562 arg1 pathogenesis 564:575 tumor pathogenesis 558:575 tumor pathogenesis 558:575 However, the exact role of O-GlcNAcylation in tumor pathogenesis or progression remains to be established. 27347182 10 48 theme ATC 1278:1280 arg1 cells 1282:1286 ATC cells 1278:1286 ATC cells 1278:1286 Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation enhanced cellular biological functions, such as colony formation ability, migration and invasion, of ATC cells in vitro. 27347182 3 49 theme cancer 504:509 arg1 types 489:493 types 489:493 types of human cancer 489:509 Accumulating evidence suggests that O-GlcNAcylation is involved in a variety of types of human cancer. 27347182 4 50 from role 531:534 arg1 pathogenesis 564:575 tumor pathogenesis 558:575 tumor pathogenesis 558:575 However, the exact role of O-GlcNAcylation in tumor pathogenesis or progression remains to be established. 27347182 4 50 from role 531:534 arg1 progression 580:590 progression 580:590 progression 580:590 However, the exact role of O-GlcNAcylation in tumor pathogenesis or progression remains to be established. 27347182 8 51 theme OGT 1059:1061 arg1 silencing 1046:1054 silencing 1046:1054 silencing of OGT 1046:1061 By contrast, the global O-GlcNAc level was decreased by silencing of OGT. 27347182 7 52 theme activity 942:949 arg1 downregulation 920:933 downregulation 920:933 downregulation of OGA activity 920:949 The global O-GlcNAc level of intracellular proteins was increased by overexpression of OGT or downregulation of OGA activity with the specific inhibitor Thiamet-G. 27347182 7 52 theme activity 942:949 arg1 overexpression 895:908 overexpression 895:908 overexpression of OGT 895:915 The global O-GlcNAc level of intracellular proteins was increased by overexpression of OGT or downregulation of OGA activity with the specific inhibitor Thiamet-G. 27347182 1 53 theme O-linked 66:73 arg1 O-GlcNAc 96:103 O-GlcNAc 96:103 O-GlcNAc 96:103 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 1 53 theme O-linked 66:73 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 75:93 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 66:93 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) 66:136 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 7 54 theme inhibitor 969:977 arg1 Thiamet-G 979:987 the specific inhibitor Thiamet-G 956:987 the specific inhibitor Thiamet-G 956:987 The global O-GlcNAc level of intracellular proteins was increased by overexpression of OGT or downregulation of OGA activity with the specific inhibitor Thiamet-G. 27347182 1 55 theme dynamic 141:147 arg1 glycosylation 106:118 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation 66:118 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) 66:136 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 1 55 theme dynamic 141:147 arg1 modification 168:179 a dynamic post-translational modification 139:179 a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 139:215 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 11 56 theme malignant 1380:1388 arg1 properties 1390:1399 malignant properties 1380:1399 malignant properties of thyroid cancer 1380:1417 The findings of the present study suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is associated with malignant properties of thyroid cancer, and may be a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. 27347182 5 57 theme rapid 706:710 arg1 rate 719:722 a rapid growth rate 704:722 a rapid growth rate 704:722 Computed tomography scans of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) reveal a rapid growth rate and invasion. 27347182 1 58 theme post-translational 149:166 arg1 glycosylation 106:118 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation 66:118 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) 66:136 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 1 58 theme post-translational 149:166 arg1 modification 168:179 a dynamic post-translational modification 139:179 a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 139:215 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 10 59 theme cells 1282:1286 arg1 migration 1251:1259 migration 1251:1259 migration 1251:1259 Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation enhanced cellular biological functions, such as colony formation ability, migration and invasion, of ATC cells in vitro. 27347182 10 59 theme cells 1282:1286 arg1 invasion 1265:1272 invasion 1265:1272 invasion 1265:1272 Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation enhanced cellular biological functions, such as colony formation ability, migration and invasion, of ATC cells in vitro. 27347182 10 59 theme cells 1282:1286 arg1 functions 1206:1214 cellular biological functions 1186:1214 cellular biological functions 1186:1214 Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation enhanced cellular biological functions, such as colony formation ability, migration and invasion, of ATC cells in vitro. 27347182 10 59 theme cells 1282:1286 arg1 ability 1242:1248 colony formation ability 1225:1248 colony formation ability 1225:1248 Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation enhanced cellular biological functions, such as colony formation ability, migration and invasion, of ATC cells in vitro. 27347182 1 60 contain have 222:225 arg2 role 238:241 a critical role 227:241 a critical role 227:241 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 1 60 contain have 222:225 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 121:135 O-GlcNAcylation 121:135 O-GlcNAcylation 121:135 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 1 60 contain have 222:225 arg1 modification 168:179 a dynamic post-translational modification 139:179 a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 139:215 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 1 60 contain have 222:225 arg1 glycosylation 106:118 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation 66:118 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) 66:136 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, may have a critical role in the regulation of biological cell processes and human cancer. 27347182 6 61 theme present 742:748 arg1 study 750:754 The present study 738:754 The present study 738:754 The present study demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation accelerates the progression of ATC. 27347182 11 62 theme study 1326:1330 arg1 findings 1302:1309 The findings 1298:1309 The findings of the present study 1298:1330 The findings of the present study suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is associated with malignant properties of thyroid cancer, and may be a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. 27347182 3 63 theme human 498:502 arg1 cancer 504:509 human cancer 498:509 human cancer 498:509 Accumulating evidence suggests that O-GlcNAcylation is involved in a variety of types of human cancer. 27347182 11 64 theme thyroid 1404:1410 arg1 cancer 1412:1417 thyroid cancer 1404:1417 thyroid cancer 1404:1417 The findings of the present study suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is associated with malignant properties of thyroid cancer, and may be a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. 27347182 3 65 gly O-GlcNAcylation 445:459 arg1 variety 478:484 a variety 476:484 a variety of types of human cancer 476:509 Accumulating evidence suggests that O-GlcNAcylation is involved in a variety of types of human cancer. 27347182 3 65 gly O-GlcNAcylation 445:459 arg1 types 489:493 types 489:493 types of human cancer 489:509 Accumulating evidence suggests that O-GlcNAcylation is involved in a variety of types of human cancer. 27347182 2 66 theme O-GlcNAc 383:390 arg1 OGA 403:405 OGA 403:405 OGA 403:405 O-GlcNAcylation is dynamically regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase (OGA). 27347182 2 66 theme O-GlcNAc 383:390 arg1 hydrolase 392:400 O-GlcNAc hydrolase 383:400 O-GlcNAc hydrolase (OGA) 383:406 O-GlcNAcylation is dynamically regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase (OGA). 27347182 5 67 with patients 648:655 arg1 carcinoma 681:689 anaplastic thyroid carcinoma 662:689 anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) 662:695 Computed tomography scans of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) reveal a rapid growth rate and invasion. 27347182 5 67 with patients 648:655 arg1 ATC 692:694 ATC 692:694 ATC 692:694 Computed tomography scans of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) reveal a rapid growth rate and invasion. 27881903 9 0 theme genes 1501:1505 arg1 regulation 1481:1490 the LPS-induced regulation 1465:1490 the LPS-induced regulation of these genes 1465:1505 Furthermore, TLR-4-induced activation of NFκB may be involved in the LPS-induced regulation of these genes. 27881903 8 1 theme mRNA 1312:1315 arg1 levels 1317:1322 GPR120 mRNA levels 1305:1322 GPR120 mRNA levels in adipocytes 1305:1336 In conclusion, FK inhibits LPS-induced increase in MCP-1 mRNA levels and decrease in GPR120 mRNA levels in adipocytes and may be a potential treatment for inflammation in obesity. 27881903 3 2 theme adenosine 472:480 arg1 agent 515:519 a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent 463:519 a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men 463:598 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 3 2 theme adenosine 472:480 arg1 Forskolin 447:455 Forskolin 447:455 Forskolin (FK) 447:460 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 4 3 theme 3T3-L1 747:752 arg1 cells 754:758 3T3-L1 cells 747:758 3T3-L1 cells differentiated into adipocytes (DC) 747:794 3T3-L1 cells differentiated into adipocytes (DC) were stimulated with LPS in the absence or presence of FK and inhibitors of TLR-4 and inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα). 27881903 5 4 theme GPR120 1011:1016 arg1 levels 1023:1028 GPR120 mRNA levels 1011:1028 GPR120 mRNA levels 1011:1028 In DC, LPS increased MCP-1, TLR-4, and nuclear factor-κB1 (NFκB1) mRNA levels, whereas it decreased GPR120 mRNA levels. 27881903 3 5 theme monophosphate- 482:495 arg1 agent 515:519 a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent 463:519 a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men 463:598 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 3 5 theme monophosphate- 482:495 arg1 Forskolin 447:455 Forskolin 447:455 Forskolin (FK) 447:460 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 8 6 theme GPR120 1305:1310 arg1 levels 1317:1322 GPR120 mRNA levels 1305:1322 GPR120 mRNA levels in adipocytes 1305:1336 In conclusion, FK inhibits LPS-induced increase in MCP-1 mRNA levels and decrease in GPR120 mRNA levels in adipocytes and may be a potential treatment for inflammation in obesity. 27881903 4 7 theme inhibitor 882:890 arg1 inhibitors 858:867 inhibitors 858:867 inhibitors of TLR-4 and inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα) 858:908 3T3-L1 cells differentiated into adipocytes (DC) were stimulated with LPS in the absence or presence of FK and inhibitors of TLR-4 and inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα). 27881903 4 7 theme inhibitor 882:890 arg1 FK 851:852 FK 851:852 FK 851:852 3T3-L1 cells differentiated into adipocytes (DC) were stimulated with LPS in the absence or presence of FK and inhibitors of TLR-4 and inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα). 27881903 5 8 theme mRNA 1018:1021 arg1 levels 1023:1028 GPR120 mRNA levels 1011:1028 GPR120 mRNA levels 1011:1028 In DC, LPS increased MCP-1, TLR-4, and nuclear factor-κB1 (NFκB1) mRNA levels, whereas it decreased GPR120 mRNA levels. 27881903 6 9 theme LPS-induced 1123:1133 arg1 decrease 1135:1142 the LPS-induced decrease 1119:1142 the LPS-induced decrease in GPR120 mRNA 1119:1157 In DC, FK inhibited the LPS-induced increase in MCP-1, TLR-4, and NFκB1 mRNA levels and the LPS-induced decrease in GPR120 mRNA. 27881903 8 10 theme MCP-1 1271:1275 arg1 levels 1282:1287 MCP-1 mRNA levels 1271:1287 MCP-1 mRNA levels 1271:1287 In conclusion, FK inhibits LPS-induced increase in MCP-1 mRNA levels and decrease in GPR120 mRNA levels in adipocytes and may be a potential treatment for inflammation in obesity. 27881903 5 11 theme mRNA 977:980 arg1 levels 982:987 MCP-1, TLR-4, and nuclear factor-κB1 (NFκB1) mRNA levels 932:987 MCP-1, TLR-4, and nuclear factor-κB1 (NFκB1) mRNA levels 932:987 In DC, LPS increased MCP-1, TLR-4, and nuclear factor-κB1 (NFκB1) mRNA levels, whereas it decreased GPR120 mRNA levels. 27881903 1 12 theme Toll-like 148:156 arg1 TLR-4 170:174 TLR-4 170:174 TLR-4 170:174 In an obese state, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) upregulates proinflammatory adipokines secretion including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in adipose tissue. 27881903 1 12 theme Toll-like 148:156 arg1 receptor-4 158:167 Toll-like receptor-4 148:167 Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) 148:175 In an obese state, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) upregulates proinflammatory adipokines secretion including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in adipose tissue. 27881903 1 13 theme adipose 278:284 arg1 tissue 286:291 adipose tissue 278:291 adipose tissue 278:291 In an obese state, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) upregulates proinflammatory adipokines secretion including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in adipose tissue. 27881903 0 14 theme NFκB 123:126 arg1 Inhibition 109:118 an Inhibition 106:118 an Inhibition of NFκB 106:126 Forskolin Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Modulation of MCP-1 and GPR120 in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes through an Inhibition of NFκB. 27881903 9 15 theme TLR-4-induced 1413:1425 arg1 activation 1427:1436 TLR-4-induced activation 1413:1436 TLR-4-induced activation of NFκB 1413:1444 Furthermore, TLR-4-induced activation of NFκB may be involved in the LPS-induced regulation of these genes. 27881903 4 16 dep absence 828:834 arg1 the 824:826 the 824:826 the 824:826 3T3-L1 cells differentiated into adipocytes (DC) were stimulated with LPS in the absence or presence of FK and inhibitors of TLR-4 and inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα). 27881903 3 17 theme promoting 505:513 arg1 agent 515:519 a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent 463:519 a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men 463:598 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 3 17 theme promoting 505:513 arg1 Forskolin 447:455 Forskolin 447:455 Forskolin (FK) 447:460 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 8 18 from increase 1259:1266 arg1 levels 1282:1287 MCP-1 mRNA levels 1271:1287 MCP-1 mRNA levels 1271:1287 In conclusion, FK inhibits LPS-induced increase in MCP-1 mRNA levels and decrease in GPR120 mRNA levels in adipocytes and may be a potential treatment for inflammation in obesity. 27881903 8 18 from increase 1259:1266 arg1 levels 1317:1322 GPR120 mRNA levels 1305:1322 GPR120 mRNA levels in adipocytes 1305:1336 In conclusion, FK inhibits LPS-induced increase in MCP-1 mRNA levels and decrease in GPR120 mRNA levels in adipocytes and may be a potential treatment for inflammation in obesity. 27881903 4 19 theme kappa 895:899 arg1 IκBα 904:907 IκBα 904:907 IκBα 904:907 3T3-L1 cells differentiated into adipocytes (DC) were stimulated with LPS in the absence or presence of FK and inhibitors of TLR-4 and inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα). 27881903 4 19 theme kappa 895:899 arg1 B 901:901 kappa B 895:901 kappa B (IκBα) 895:908 3T3-L1 cells differentiated into adipocytes (DC) were stimulated with LPS in the absence or presence of FK and inhibitors of TLR-4 and inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα). 27881903 8 20 from treatment 1361:1369 arg1 obesity 1391:1397 obesity 1391:1397 obesity 1391:1397 In conclusion, FK inhibits LPS-induced increase in MCP-1 mRNA levels and decrease in GPR120 mRNA levels in adipocytes and may be a potential treatment for inflammation in obesity. 27881903 6 21 theme mRNA 1103:1106 arg1 levels 1108:1113 NFκB1 mRNA levels 1097:1113 NFκB1 mRNA levels 1097:1113 In DC, FK inhibited the LPS-induced increase in MCP-1, TLR-4, and NFκB1 mRNA levels and the LPS-induced decrease in GPR120 mRNA. 27881903 8 22 from levels 1317:1322 arg1 adipocytes 1327:1336 adipocytes 1327:1336 adipocytes 1327:1336 In conclusion, FK inhibits LPS-induced increase in MCP-1 mRNA levels and decrease in GPR120 mRNA levels in adipocytes and may be a potential treatment for inflammation in obesity. 27881903 6 23 theme NFκB1 1097:1101 arg1 levels 1108:1113 NFκB1 mRNA levels 1097:1113 NFκB1 mRNA levels 1097:1113 In DC, FK inhibited the LPS-induced increase in MCP-1, TLR-4, and NFκB1 mRNA levels and the LPS-induced decrease in GPR120 mRNA. 27881903 3 24 theme body 549:552 arg1 composition 554:564 body composition 549:564 body composition in overweight and obese adult men 549:598 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 3 25 from composition 554:564 arg1 men 596:598 overweight and obese adult men 569:598 overweight and obese adult men 569:598 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 3 26 theme signaling 420:428 arg1 pathway 430:436 the signaling pathway 416:436 the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state 416:744 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 7 27 theme LPS-induced 1199:1209 arg1 effects 1211:1217 these LPS-induced effects 1193:1217 these LPS-induced effects 1193:1217 BAY11-7082 and CLI-095 abolished these LPS-induced effects. 27881903 4 28 theme inhibitors 858:867 arg1 presence 839:846 presence 839:846 presence 839:846 3T3-L1 cells differentiated into adipocytes (DC) were stimulated with LPS in the absence or presence of FK and inhibitors of TLR-4 and inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα). 27881903 4 28 theme inhibitors 858:867 arg1 absence 828:834 absence 828:834 absence 828:834 3T3-L1 cells differentiated into adipocytes (DC) were stimulated with LPS in the absence or presence of FK and inhibitors of TLR-4 and inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα). 27881903 2 29 theme G-protein 307:315 arg1 GPR120 339:344 GPR120 339:344 GPR120 339:344 In contrast, G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) mediates antiobesity effects. 27881903 2 29 theme G-protein 307:315 arg1 receptor 325:332 G-protein coupled receptor 120 307:336 G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) 307:345 In contrast, G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) mediates antiobesity effects. 27881903 1 30 theme proinflammatory 189:203 arg1 adipokines 205:214 proinflammatory adipokines 189:214 proinflammatory adipokines secretion including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in adipose tissue 189:291 In an obese state, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) upregulates proinflammatory adipokines secretion including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in adipose tissue. 27881903 2 31 theme coupled 317:323 arg1 GPR120 339:344 GPR120 339:344 GPR120 339:344 In contrast, G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) mediates antiobesity effects. 27881903 2 31 theme coupled 317:323 arg1 receptor 325:332 G-protein coupled receptor 120 307:336 G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) 307:345 In contrast, G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) mediates antiobesity effects. 27881903 5 32 theme factor-κB1 958:967 arg1 levels 982:987 MCP-1, TLR-4, and nuclear factor-κB1 (NFκB1) mRNA levels 932:987 MCP-1, TLR-4, and nuclear factor-κB1 (NFκB1) mRNA levels 932:987 In DC, LPS increased MCP-1, TLR-4, and nuclear factor-κB1 (NFκB1) mRNA levels, whereas it decreased GPR120 mRNA levels. 27881903 8 33 from decrease 1293:1300 arg1 levels 1282:1287 MCP-1 mRNA levels 1271:1287 MCP-1 mRNA levels 1271:1287 In conclusion, FK inhibits LPS-induced increase in MCP-1 mRNA levels and decrease in GPR120 mRNA levels in adipocytes and may be a potential treatment for inflammation in obesity. 27881903 8 33 from decrease 1293:1300 arg1 levels 1317:1322 GPR120 mRNA levels 1305:1322 GPR120 mRNA levels in adipocytes 1305:1336 In conclusion, FK inhibits LPS-induced increase in MCP-1 mRNA levels and decrease in GPR120 mRNA levels in adipocytes and may be a potential treatment for inflammation in obesity. 27881903 0 34 theme MCP-1 60:64 arg1 Modulation 46:55 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Modulation 19:55 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Modulation of MCP-1 and GPR120 in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes 19:96 Forskolin Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Modulation of MCP-1 and GPR120 in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes through an Inhibition of NFκB. 27881903 4 35 theme TLR-4 872:876 arg1 inhibitors 858:867 inhibitors 858:867 inhibitors of TLR-4 and inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα) 858:908 3T3-L1 cells differentiated into adipocytes (DC) were stimulated with LPS in the absence or presence of FK and inhibitors of TLR-4 and inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα). 27881903 4 35 theme TLR-4 872:876 arg1 FK 851:852 FK 851:852 FK 851:852 3T3-L1 cells differentiated into adipocytes (DC) were stimulated with LPS in the absence or presence of FK and inhibitors of TLR-4 and inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα). 27881903 3 36 theme GPR120 619:624 arg1 expression 626:635 MCP-1 and GPR120 expression 609:635 expression 626:635 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 3 37 theme overweight 569:578 arg1 men 596:598 overweight and obese adult men 569:598 overweight and obese adult men 569:598 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 6 38 theme LPS-induced 1055:1065 arg1 increase 1067:1074 the LPS-induced increase 1051:1074 the LPS-induced increase in MCP-1, TLR-4, and NFκB1 mRNA levels 1051:1113 In DC, FK inhibited the LPS-induced increase in MCP-1, TLR-4, and NFκB1 mRNA levels and the LPS-induced decrease in GPR120 mRNA. 27881903 3 39 theme obese 734:738 arg1 state 740:744 an obese state 731:744 an obese state 731:744 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 8 40 theme LPS-induced 1247:1257 arg1 increase 1259:1266 LPS-induced increase 1247:1266 LPS-induced increase in MCP-1 mRNA levels 1247:1287 In conclusion, FK inhibits LPS-induced increase in MCP-1 mRNA levels and decrease in GPR120 mRNA levels in adipocytes and may be a potential treatment for inflammation in obesity. 27881903 9 41 theme NFκB 1441:1444 arg1 activation 1427:1436 TLR-4-induced activation 1413:1436 TLR-4-induced activation of NFκB 1413:1444 Furthermore, TLR-4-induced activation of NFκB may be involved in the LPS-induced regulation of these genes. 27881903 0 42 theme GPR120 70:75 arg1 Modulation 46:55 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Modulation 19:55 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Modulation of MCP-1 and GPR120 in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes 19:96 Forskolin Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Modulation of MCP-1 and GPR120 in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes through an Inhibition of NFκB. 27881903 1 43 from protein-1 257:265 arg1 tissue 286:291 adipose tissue 278:291 adipose tissue 278:291 In an obese state, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) upregulates proinflammatory adipokines secretion including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in adipose tissue. 27881903 3 44 theme MCP-1 609:613 arg1 expression 626:635 MCP-1 and GPR120 expression 609:635 expression 626:635 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 5 45 theme MCP-1 932:936 arg1 levels 982:987 MCP-1, TLR-4, and nuclear factor-κB1 (NFκB1) mRNA levels 932:987 MCP-1, TLR-4, and nuclear factor-κB1 (NFκB1) mRNA levels 932:987 In DC, LPS increased MCP-1, TLR-4, and nuclear factor-κB1 (NFκB1) mRNA levels, whereas it decreased GPR120 mRNA levels. 27881903 8 46 theme potential 1351:1359 arg1 treatment 1361:1369 a potential treatment 1349:1369 a potential treatment for inflammation in obesity 1349:1397 In conclusion, FK inhibits LPS-induced increase in MCP-1 mRNA levels and decrease in GPR120 mRNA levels in adipocytes and may be a potential treatment for inflammation in obesity. 27881903 5 47 theme TLR-4 939:943 arg1 levels 982:987 MCP-1, TLR-4, and nuclear factor-κB1 (NFκB1) mRNA levels 932:987 MCP-1, TLR-4, and nuclear factor-κB1 (NFκB1) mRNA levels 932:987 In DC, LPS increased MCP-1, TLR-4, and nuclear factor-κB1 (NFκB1) mRNA levels, whereas it decreased GPR120 mRNA levels. 27881903 4 48 theme B 901:901 arg1 inhibitor 882:890 inhibitor 882:890 inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα) 882:908 3T3-L1 cells differentiated into adipocytes (DC) were stimulated with LPS in the absence or presence of FK and inhibitors of TLR-4 and inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα). 27881903 4 48 theme B 901:901 arg1 TLR-4 872:876 TLR-4 872:876 TLR-4 872:876 3T3-L1 cells differentiated into adipocytes (DC) were stimulated with LPS in the absence or presence of FK and inhibitors of TLR-4 and inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα). 27881903 3 49 theme cyclic 465:470 arg1 agent 515:519 a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent 463:519 a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men 463:598 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 3 49 theme cyclic 465:470 arg1 Forskolin 447:455 Forskolin 447:455 Forskolin (FK) 447:460 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 3 50 theme adult 590:594 arg1 men 596:598 overweight and obese adult men 569:598 overweight and obese adult men 569:598 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 4 51 theme FK 851:852 arg1 presence 839:846 presence 839:846 presence 839:846 3T3-L1 cells differentiated into adipocytes (DC) were stimulated with LPS in the absence or presence of FK and inhibitors of TLR-4 and inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα). 27881903 4 51 theme FK 851:852 arg1 absence 828:834 absence 828:834 absence 828:834 3T3-L1 cells differentiated into adipocytes (DC) were stimulated with LPS in the absence or presence of FK and inhibitors of TLR-4 and inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα). 27881903 3 52 theme inflammatory 647:658 arg1 response 660:667 an inflammatory response 644:667 an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes 644:717 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 1 53 dep secretion 216:224 arg1 protein-1 257:265 monocyte chemotactic protein-1 236:265 monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in adipose tissue 236:291 In an obese state, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) upregulates proinflammatory adipokines secretion including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in adipose tissue. 27881903 1 53 dep secretion 216:224 arg1 MCP-1 268:272 MCP-1 268:272 MCP-1 268:272 In an obese state, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) upregulates proinflammatory adipokines secretion including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in adipose tissue. 27881903 1 53 dep secretion 216:224 arg1 including 226:234 including 226:234 including 226:234 In an obese state, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) upregulates proinflammatory adipokines secretion including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in adipose tissue. 27881903 3 54 theme positive 529:536 arg1 changes 538:544 positive changes 529:544 positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men 529:598 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 1 55 theme monocyte 236:243 arg1 protein-1 257:265 monocyte chemotactic protein-1 236:265 monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in adipose tissue 236:291 In an obese state, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) upregulates proinflammatory adipokines secretion including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in adipose tissue. 27881903 1 55 theme monocyte 236:243 arg1 MCP-1 268:272 MCP-1 268:272 MCP-1 268:272 In an obese state, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) upregulates proinflammatory adipokines secretion including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in adipose tissue. 27881903 6 56 theme GPR120 1147:1152 arg1 mRNA 1154:1157 GPR120 mRNA 1147:1157 GPR120 mRNA 1147:1157 In DC, FK inhibited the LPS-induced increase in MCP-1, TLR-4, and NFκB1 mRNA levels and the LPS-induced decrease in GPR120 mRNA. 27881903 8 57 theme mRNA 1277:1280 arg1 levels 1282:1287 MCP-1 mRNA levels 1271:1287 MCP-1 mRNA levels 1271:1287 In conclusion, FK inhibits LPS-induced increase in MCP-1 mRNA levels and decrease in GPR120 mRNA levels in adipocytes and may be a potential treatment for inflammation in obesity. 27881903 1 58 theme obese 135:139 arg1 state 141:145 an obese state 132:145 an obese state 132:145 In an obese state, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) upregulates proinflammatory adipokines secretion including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in adipose tissue. 27881903 1 59 theme chemotactic 245:255 arg1 protein-1 257:265 monocyte chemotactic protein-1 236:265 monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in adipose tissue 236:291 In an obese state, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) upregulates proinflammatory adipokines secretion including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in adipose tissue. 27881903 1 59 theme chemotactic 245:255 arg1 MCP-1 268:272 MCP-1 268:272 MCP-1 268:272 In an obese state, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) upregulates proinflammatory adipokines secretion including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in adipose tissue. 27881903 0 60 theme 3T3-L1 80:85 arg1 Adipocytes 87:96 3T3-L1 Adipocytes 80:96 3T3-L1 Adipocytes 80:96 Forskolin Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Modulation of MCP-1 and GPR120 in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes through an Inhibition of NFκB. 27881903 5 61 theme nuclear 950:956 arg1 NFκB1 970:974 NFκB1 970:974 NFκB1 970:974 In DC, LPS increased MCP-1, TLR-4, and nuclear factor-κB1 (NFκB1) mRNA levels, whereas it decreased GPR120 mRNA levels. 27881903 5 61 theme nuclear 950:956 arg1 factor-κB1 958:967 nuclear factor-κB1 950:967 nuclear factor-κB1 (NFκB1) 950:975 In DC, LPS increased MCP-1, TLR-4, and nuclear factor-κB1 (NFκB1) mRNA levels, whereas it decreased GPR120 mRNA levels. 27881903 3 62 theme obese 584:588 arg1 men 596:598 overweight and obese adult men 569:598 overweight and obese adult men 569:598 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 9 63 theme LPS-induced 1469:1479 arg1 regulation 1481:1490 the LPS-induced regulation 1465:1490 the LPS-induced regulation of these genes 1465:1505 Furthermore, TLR-4-induced activation of NFκB may be involved in the LPS-induced regulation of these genes. 27881903 2 64 theme antiobesity 356:366 arg1 effects 368:374 antiobesity effects 356:374 antiobesity effects 356:374 In contrast, G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) mediates antiobesity effects. 27881903 3 65 from changes 538:544 arg1 composition 554:564 body composition 549:564 body composition in overweight and obese adult men 549:598 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 3 66 theme study 393:397 arg1 aim 381:383 The aim 377:383 The aim of this study 377:397 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 0 67 from Modulation 46:55 arg1 Adipocytes 87:96 3T3-L1 Adipocytes 80:96 3T3-L1 Adipocytes 80:96 Forskolin Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Modulation of MCP-1 and GPR120 in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes through an Inhibition of NFκB. 27881903 0 68 theme Lipopolysaccharide-Induced 19:44 arg1 Modulation 46:55 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Modulation 19:55 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Modulation of MCP-1 and GPR120 in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes 19:96 Forskolin Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Modulation of MCP-1 and GPR120 in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes through an Inhibition of NFκB. 27881903 3 69 theme cAMP- 498:502 arg1 agent 515:519 a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent 463:519 a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men 463:598 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 3 69 theme cAMP- 498:502 arg1 Forskolin 447:455 Forskolin 447:455 Forskolin (FK) 447:460 The aim of this study was to determine the signaling pathway by which Forskolin (FK), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) promoting agent causing positive changes in body composition in overweight and obese adult men, affects MCP-1 and GPR120 expression during an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipocytes, such as in an obese state. 27881903 6 70 from increase 1067:1074 arg1 levels 1108:1113 NFκB1 mRNA levels 1097:1113 NFκB1 mRNA levels 1097:1113 In DC, FK inhibited the LPS-induced increase in MCP-1, TLR-4, and NFκB1 mRNA levels and the LPS-induced decrease in GPR120 mRNA. 27881903 6 70 from increase 1067:1074 arg1 TLR-4 1086:1090 TLR-4 1086:1090 TLR-4 1086:1090 In DC, FK inhibited the LPS-induced increase in MCP-1, TLR-4, and NFκB1 mRNA levels and the LPS-induced decrease in GPR120 mRNA. 27881903 6 70 from increase 1067:1074 arg1 MCP-1 1079:1083 MCP-1 1079:1083 MCP-1 1079:1083 In DC, FK inhibited the LPS-induced increase in MCP-1, TLR-4, and NFκB1 mRNA levels and the LPS-induced decrease in GPR120 mRNA. 27881903 6 70 from increase 1067:1074 arg1 mRNA 1154:1157 GPR120 mRNA 1147:1157 GPR120 mRNA 1147:1157 In DC, FK inhibited the LPS-induced increase in MCP-1, TLR-4, and NFκB1 mRNA levels and the LPS-induced decrease in GPR120 mRNA. 27881903 6 71 from decrease 1135:1142 arg1 levels 1108:1113 NFκB1 mRNA levels 1097:1113 NFκB1 mRNA levels 1097:1113 In DC, FK inhibited the LPS-induced increase in MCP-1, TLR-4, and NFκB1 mRNA levels and the LPS-induced decrease in GPR120 mRNA. 27881903 6 71 from decrease 1135:1142 arg1 TLR-4 1086:1090 TLR-4 1086:1090 TLR-4 1086:1090 In DC, FK inhibited the LPS-induced increase in MCP-1, TLR-4, and NFκB1 mRNA levels and the LPS-induced decrease in GPR120 mRNA. 27881903 6 71 from decrease 1135:1142 arg1 MCP-1 1079:1083 MCP-1 1079:1083 MCP-1 1079:1083 In DC, FK inhibited the LPS-induced increase in MCP-1, TLR-4, and NFκB1 mRNA levels and the LPS-induced decrease in GPR120 mRNA. 27881903 6 71 from decrease 1135:1142 arg1 mRNA 1154:1157 GPR120 mRNA 1147:1157 GPR120 mRNA 1147:1157 In DC, FK inhibited the LPS-induced increase in MCP-1, TLR-4, and NFκB1 mRNA levels and the LPS-induced decrease in GPR120 mRNA. 25837625 7 0 dep in 1281:1282 arg1 vitro 1284:1288 vitro 1284:1288 vitro 1284:1288 The OPC generated by this protocol were able to mature into Myelin Basic Protein-expressing cells and to interact with neurons in an in vitro co-culture system. 25837625 3 1 theme replacement 688:698 arg1 therapies 700:708 cell replacement therapies 683:708 cell replacement therapies for treating demyelination diseases 683:744 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures are usefull tools for in vitro studies as well as for cell replacement therapies for treating demyelination diseases. 25837625 4 2 used used 750:753 arg2 We 747:748 We 747:748 We 747:748 We used Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures from newborn mice and compared the effects of different growth factor combinations on cell proliferation and OPC yield. 25837625 1 3 theme cell 263:266 arg1 therapy 268:274 cell therapy 263:274 cell therapy 263:274 Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells (NSC/NPC) are gathering tangible recognition for their uses in cell therapy and cell replacement therapies for human disease, as well as a model system to continue research on overall neural developmental processes in vitro. 25837625 2 4 theme niches 479:484 arg1 niches 479:484 the largest NSC/NPC niches 459:484 the largest NSC/NPC niches in the developing mammalian Central Nervous System 459:535 The Subventricular Zone is one of the largest NSC/NPC niches in the developing mammalian Central Nervous System, and persists through to adulthood. 25837625 2 4 theme niches 479:484 arg1 one 452:454 one 452:454 one 452:454 The Subventricular Zone is one of the largest NSC/NPC niches in the developing mammalian Central Nervous System, and persists through to adulthood. 25837625 2 4 theme niches 479:484 arg1 Zone 444:447 The Subventricular Zone 425:447 The Subventricular Zone 425:447 The Subventricular Zone is one of the largest NSC/NPC niches in the developing mammalian Central Nervous System, and persists through to adulthood. 25837625 1 5 theme model 339:343 arg1 system 345:350 a model system 337:350 a model system to continue research on overall neural developmental processes in vitro 337:422 Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells (NSC/NPC) are gathering tangible recognition for their uses in cell therapy and cell replacement therapies for human disease, as well as a model system to continue research on overall neural developmental processes in vitro. 25837625 1 5 theme model 339:343 arg1 recognition 233:243 tangible recognition 224:243 tangible recognition 224:243 Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells (NSC/NPC) are gathering tangible recognition for their uses in cell therapy and cell replacement therapies for human disease, as well as a model system to continue research on overall neural developmental processes in vitro. 25837625 4 6 theme combinations 878:889 arg1 effects 843:849 the effects 839:849 the effects of different growth factor combinations on cell proliferation and OPC yield 839:925 We used Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures from newborn mice and compared the effects of different growth factor combinations on cell proliferation and OPC yield. 25837625 6 7 theme overall 1124:1130 arg1 yields 1140:1145 overall culture yields 1124:1145 overall culture yields 1124:1145 Furthermore, heparin addition to the culture media contributed to further increase overall culture yields. 25837625 1 8 theme Progenitor 183:192 arg1 Cells 194:198 Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells 167:198 Cells 194:198 Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells (NSC/NPC) are gathering tangible recognition for their uses in cell therapy and cell replacement therapies for human disease, as well as a model system to continue research on overall neural developmental processes in vitro. 25837625 0 9 theme subventricular 102:115 arg1 neurospheres 153:164 subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres 102:164 subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres 102:164 Optimizing culture medium composition to improve oligodendrocyte progenitor cell yields in vitro from subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres. 25837625 8 10 theme in 1346:1347 arg1 whole 1314:1318 whole 1314:1318 whole 1314:1318 As a whole, we describe an optimized in vitro method for increasing OPC. 25837625 8 10 theme in 1346:1347 arg1 method 1355:1360 an optimized in vitro method 1333:1360 an optimized in vitro method for increasing OPC 1333:1379 As a whole, we describe an optimized in vitro method for increasing OPC. 25837625 4 11 theme Zone-derived 770:781 arg1 cultures 799:806 Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures 755:806 Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures from newborn mice 755:824 We used Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures from newborn mice and compared the effects of different growth factor combinations on cell proliferation and OPC yield. 25837625 2 12 theme Nervous 522:528 arg1 System 530:535 the developing mammalian Central Nervous System 489:535 the developing mammalian Central Nervous System 489:535 The Subventricular Zone is one of the largest NSC/NPC niches in the developing mammalian Central Nervous System, and persists through to adulthood. 25837625 4 13 theme cell 894:897 arg1 proliferation 899:911 cell proliferation 894:911 cell proliferation 894:911 We used Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures from newborn mice and compared the effects of different growth factor combinations on cell proliferation and OPC yield. 25837625 4 14 theme Subventricular 755:768 arg1 cultures 799:806 Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures 755:806 Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures from newborn mice 755:824 We used Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures from newborn mice and compared the effects of different growth factor combinations on cell proliferation and OPC yield. 25837625 1 15 theme cell 280:283 arg1 therapies 297:305 cell replacement therapies 280:305 cell replacement therapies for human disease 280:323 Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells (NSC/NPC) are gathering tangible recognition for their uses in cell therapy and cell replacement therapies for human disease, as well as a model system to continue research on overall neural developmental processes in vitro. 25837625 0 16 theme neural 130:135 arg1 neurospheres 153:164 subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres 102:164 subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres 102:164 Optimizing culture medium composition to improve oligodendrocyte progenitor cell yields in vitro from subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres. 25837625 3 17 theme demyelination 723:735 arg1 diseases 737:744 demyelination diseases 723:744 demyelination diseases 723:744 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures are usefull tools for in vitro studies as well as for cell replacement therapies for treating demyelination diseases. 25837625 4 18 theme different 854:862 arg1 combinations 878:889 different growth factor combinations 854:889 different growth factor combinations 854:889 We used Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures from newborn mice and compared the effects of different growth factor combinations on cell proliferation and OPC yield. 25837625 4 19 theme primary 791:797 arg1 cultures 799:806 Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures 755:806 Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures from newborn mice 755:824 We used Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures from newborn mice and compared the effects of different growth factor combinations on cell proliferation and OPC yield. 25837625 0 20 theme zone-derived 117:128 arg1 neurospheres 153:164 subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres 102:164 subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres 102:164 Optimizing culture medium composition to improve oligodendrocyte progenitor cell yields in vitro from subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres. 25837625 4 21 theme NSC/NPC 783:789 arg1 cultures 799:806 Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures 755:806 Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures from newborn mice 755:824 We used Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures from newborn mice and compared the effects of different growth factor combinations on cell proliferation and OPC yield. 25837625 5 22 theme OPC 1025:1027 arg1 generation 1029:1038 OPC generation 1025:1038 OPC generation 1025:1038 The Platelet Derived Growth Factor-AA and BB homodimers had a positive and significant impact on OPC generation. 25837625 2 23 theme Central 514:520 arg1 System 530:535 the developing mammalian Central Nervous System 489:535 the developing mammalian Central Nervous System 489:535 The Subventricular Zone is one of the largest NSC/NPC niches in the developing mammalian Central Nervous System, and persists through to adulthood. 25837625 0 24 theme culture 11:17 arg1 composition 26:36 culture medium composition 11:36 culture medium composition 11:36 Optimizing culture medium composition to improve oligodendrocyte progenitor cell yields in vitro from subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres. 25837625 6 25 theme heparin 1054:1060 arg1 addition 1062:1069 heparin addition 1054:1069 heparin addition to the culture media 1054:1090 Furthermore, heparin addition to the culture media contributed to further increase overall culture yields. 25837625 4 26 theme factor 871:876 arg1 combinations 878:889 different growth factor combinations 854:889 different growth factor combinations 854:889 We used Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures from newborn mice and compared the effects of different growth factor combinations on cell proliferation and OPC yield. 25837625 5 27 contain had 984:986 arg1 Factor-AA 956:964 The Platelet Derived Growth Factor-AA 928:964 The Platelet Derived Growth Factor-AA 928:964 The Platelet Derived Growth Factor-AA and BB homodimers had a positive and significant impact on OPC generation. 25837625 5 27 contain had 984:986 arg1 homodimers 973:982 BB homodimers 970:982 BB homodimers 970:982 The Platelet Derived Growth Factor-AA and BB homodimers had a positive and significant impact on OPC generation. 25837625 5 27 contain had 984:986 arg2 impact 1015:1020 a positive and significant impact 988:1020 a positive and significant impact 988:1020 The Platelet Derived Growth Factor-AA and BB homodimers had a positive and significant impact on OPC generation. 25837625 7 28 dep able 1188:1191 arg1 able 1188:1191 able 1188:1191 able 1188:1191 The OPC generated by this protocol were able to mature into Myelin Basic Protein-expressing cells and to interact with neurons in an in vitro co-culture system. 25837625 7 28 dep able 1188:1191 arg1 OPC 1152:1154 The OPC 1148:1154 The OPC generated by this protocol 1148:1181 The OPC generated by this protocol were able to mature into Myelin Basic Protein-expressing cells and to interact with neurons in an in vitro co-culture system. 25837625 7 28 dep able 1188:1191 arg1 mature 1196:1201 mature 1196:1201 to mature into Myelin Basic Protein-expressing cells 1193:1244 The OPC generated by this protocol were able to mature into Myelin Basic Protein-expressing cells and to interact with neurons in an in vitro co-culture system. 25837625 7 28 dep able 1188:1191 arg1 interact 1253:1260 interact 1253:1260 to interact with neurons in an in vitro co-culture system 1250:1306 The OPC generated by this protocol were able to mature into Myelin Basic Protein-expressing cells and to interact with neurons in an in vitro co-culture system. 25837625 1 29 theme replacement 285:295 arg1 therapies 297:305 cell replacement therapies 280:305 cell replacement therapies for human disease 280:323 Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells (NSC/NPC) are gathering tangible recognition for their uses in cell therapy and cell replacement therapies for human disease, as well as a model system to continue research on overall neural developmental processes in vitro. 25837625 4 30 theme growth 864:869 arg1 combinations 878:889 different growth factor combinations 854:889 different growth factor combinations 854:889 We used Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures from newborn mice and compared the effects of different growth factor combinations on cell proliferation and OPC yield. 25837625 3 31 theme Oligodendrocyte 573:587 arg1 OPC 606:608 OPC 606:608 OPC 606:608 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures are usefull tools for in vitro studies as well as for cell replacement therapies for treating demyelination diseases. 25837625 3 31 theme Oligodendrocyte 573:587 arg1 cell 600:603 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell 573:603 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures 573:627 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures are usefull tools for in vitro studies as well as for cell replacement therapies for treating demyelination diseases. 25837625 2 32 from niches 479:484 arg1 System 530:535 the developing mammalian Central Nervous System 489:535 the developing mammalian Central Nervous System 489:535 The Subventricular Zone is one of the largest NSC/NPC niches in the developing mammalian Central Nervous System, and persists through to adulthood. 25837625 0 33 theme cell 148:151 arg1 neurospheres 153:164 subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres 102:164 subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres 102:164 Optimizing culture medium composition to improve oligodendrocyte progenitor cell yields in vitro from subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres. 25837625 3 34 theme in 651:652 arg1 studies 660:666 in vitro studies 651:666 in vitro studies 651:666 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures are usefull tools for in vitro studies as well as for cell replacement therapies for treating demyelination diseases. 25837625 5 35 theme BB 970:971 arg1 homodimers 973:982 BB homodimers 970:982 BB homodimers 970:982 The Platelet Derived Growth Factor-AA and BB homodimers had a positive and significant impact on OPC generation. 25837625 0 36 theme medium 19:24 arg1 composition 26:36 culture medium composition 11:36 culture medium composition 11:36 Optimizing culture medium composition to improve oligodendrocyte progenitor cell yields in vitro from subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres. 25837625 0 37 theme progenitor 137:146 arg1 neurospheres 153:164 subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres 102:164 subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres 102:164 Optimizing culture medium composition to improve oligodendrocyte progenitor cell yields in vitro from subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres. 25837625 1 38 theme overall 376:382 arg1 processes 405:413 overall neural developmental processes 376:413 overall neural developmental processes 376:413 Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells (NSC/NPC) are gathering tangible recognition for their uses in cell therapy and cell replacement therapies for human disease, as well as a model system to continue research on overall neural developmental processes in vitro. 25837625 8 39 dep in 1346:1347 arg1 vitro 1349:1353 vitro 1349:1353 vitro 1349:1353 As a whole, we describe an optimized in vitro method for increasing OPC. 25837625 6 40 theme culture 1132:1138 arg1 yields 1140:1145 overall culture yields 1124:1145 overall culture yields 1124:1145 Furthermore, heparin addition to the culture media contributed to further increase overall culture yields. 25837625 2 41 theme NSC/NPC 471:477 arg1 niches 479:484 the largest NSC/NPC niches 459:484 the largest NSC/NPC niches in the developing mammalian Central Nervous System 459:535 The Subventricular Zone is one of the largest NSC/NPC niches in the developing mammalian Central Nervous System, and persists through to adulthood. 25837625 1 42 theme human 311:315 arg1 disease 317:323 human disease 311:323 human disease 311:323 Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells (NSC/NPC) are gathering tangible recognition for their uses in cell therapy and cell replacement therapies for human disease, as well as a model system to continue research on overall neural developmental processes in vitro. 25837625 1 43 theme neural 384:389 arg1 processes 405:413 overall neural developmental processes 376:413 overall neural developmental processes 376:413 Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells (NSC/NPC) are gathering tangible recognition for their uses in cell therapy and cell replacement therapies for human disease, as well as a model system to continue research on overall neural developmental processes in vitro. 25837625 4 44 theme newborn 813:819 arg1 mice 821:824 newborn mice 813:824 newborn mice 813:824 We used Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures from newborn mice and compared the effects of different growth factor combinations on cell proliferation and OPC yield. 25837625 6 45 theme culture 1078:1084 arg1 media 1086:1090 the culture media 1074:1090 the culture media 1074:1090 Furthermore, heparin addition to the culture media contributed to further increase overall culture yields. 25837625 1 46 theme tangible 224:231 arg1 system 345:350 a model system 337:350 a model system to continue research on overall neural developmental processes in vitro 337:422 Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells (NSC/NPC) are gathering tangible recognition for their uses in cell therapy and cell replacement therapies for human disease, as well as a model system to continue research on overall neural developmental processes in vitro. 25837625 1 46 theme tangible 224:231 arg1 recognition 233:243 tangible recognition 224:243 tangible recognition 224:243 Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells (NSC/NPC) are gathering tangible recognition for their uses in cell therapy and cell replacement therapies for human disease, as well as a model system to continue research on overall neural developmental processes in vitro. 25837625 2 47 theme largest 463:469 arg1 niches 479:484 the largest NSC/NPC niches 459:484 the largest NSC/NPC niches in the developing mammalian Central Nervous System 459:535 The Subventricular Zone is one of the largest NSC/NPC niches in the developing mammalian Central Nervous System, and persists through to adulthood. 25837625 1 48 theme developmental 391:403 arg1 processes 405:413 overall neural developmental processes 376:413 overall neural developmental processes 376:413 Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells (NSC/NPC) are gathering tangible recognition for their uses in cell therapy and cell replacement therapies for human disease, as well as a model system to continue research on overall neural developmental processes in vitro. 25837625 4 49 from effects 843:849 arg1 yield 921:925 OPC yield 917:925 OPC yield 917:925 We used Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures from newborn mice and compared the effects of different growth factor combinations on cell proliferation and OPC yield. 25837625 4 49 from effects 843:849 arg1 proliferation 899:911 cell proliferation 894:911 cell proliferation 894:911 We used Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures from newborn mice and compared the effects of different growth factor combinations on cell proliferation and OPC yield. 25837625 2 50 theme mammalian 504:512 arg1 System 530:535 the developing mammalian Central Nervous System 489:535 the developing mammalian Central Nervous System 489:535 The Subventricular Zone is one of the largest NSC/NPC niches in the developing mammalian Central Nervous System, and persists through to adulthood. 25837625 0 51 theme progenitor 65:74 arg1 yields 81:86 oligodendrocyte progenitor cell yields 49:86 oligodendrocyte progenitor cell yields 49:86 Optimizing culture medium composition to improve oligodendrocyte progenitor cell yields in vitro from subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres. 25837625 7 52 theme Basic 1215:1219 arg1 cells 1240:1244 Myelin Basic Protein-expressing cells 1208:1244 Myelin Basic Protein-expressing cells 1208:1244 The OPC generated by this protocol were able to mature into Myelin Basic Protein-expressing cells and to interact with neurons in an in vitro co-culture system. 25837625 4 53 theme OPC 917:919 arg1 yield 921:925 OPC yield 917:925 OPC yield 917:925 We used Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures from newborn mice and compared the effects of different growth factor combinations on cell proliferation and OPC yield. 25837625 1 54 dep their 249:253 arg1 uses 255:258 uses 255:258 uses 255:258 Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells (NSC/NPC) are gathering tangible recognition for their uses in cell therapy and cell replacement therapies for human disease, as well as a model system to continue research on overall neural developmental processes in vitro. 25837625 3 55 theme progenitor 589:598 arg1 OPC 606:608 OPC 606:608 OPC 606:608 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures are usefull tools for in vitro studies as well as for cell replacement therapies for treating demyelination diseases. 25837625 3 55 theme progenitor 589:598 arg1 cell 600:603 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell 573:603 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures 573:627 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures are usefull tools for in vitro studies as well as for cell replacement therapies for treating demyelination diseases. 25837625 7 56 theme co-culture 1290:1299 arg1 system 1301:1306 an in vitro co-culture system 1278:1306 an in vitro co-culture system 1278:1306 The OPC generated by this protocol were able to mature into Myelin Basic Protein-expressing cells and to interact with neurons in an in vitro co-culture system. 25837625 0 57 theme oligodendrocyte 49:63 arg1 yields 81:86 oligodendrocyte progenitor cell yields 49:86 oligodendrocyte progenitor cell yields 49:86 Optimizing culture medium composition to improve oligodendrocyte progenitor cell yields in vitro from subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres. 25837625 7 58 theme Myelin 1208:1213 arg1 cells 1240:1244 Myelin Basic Protein-expressing cells 1208:1244 Myelin Basic Protein-expressing cells 1208:1244 The OPC generated by this protocol were able to mature into Myelin Basic Protein-expressing cells and to interact with neurons in an in vitro co-culture system. 25837625 3 59 theme cell 600:603 arg1 cultures 620:627 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures 573:627 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures 573:627 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures are usefull tools for in vitro studies as well as for cell replacement therapies for treating demyelination diseases. 25837625 3 59 theme cell 600:603 arg1 tools 641:645 usefull tools 633:645 usefull tools for in vitro studies as well as for cell replacement therapies for treating demyelination diseases 633:744 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures are usefull tools for in vitro studies as well as for cell replacement therapies for treating demyelination diseases. 25837625 7 60 theme Protein-expressing 1221:1238 arg1 cells 1240:1244 Myelin Basic Protein-expressing cells 1208:1244 Myelin Basic Protein-expressing cells 1208:1244 The OPC generated by this protocol were able to mature into Myelin Basic Protein-expressing cells and to interact with neurons in an in vitro co-culture system. 25837625 3 61 theme usefull 633:639 arg1 cultures 620:627 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures 573:627 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures 573:627 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures are usefull tools for in vitro studies as well as for cell replacement therapies for treating demyelination diseases. 25837625 3 61 theme usefull 633:639 arg1 tools 641:645 usefull tools 633:645 usefull tools for in vitro studies as well as for cell replacement therapies for treating demyelination diseases 633:744 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures are usefull tools for in vitro studies as well as for cell replacement therapies for treating demyelination diseases. 25837625 3 62 theme enriched 611:618 arg1 cultures 620:627 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures 573:627 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures 573:627 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures are usefull tools for in vitro studies as well as for cell replacement therapies for treating demyelination diseases. 25837625 3 62 theme enriched 611:618 arg1 tools 641:645 usefull tools 633:645 usefull tools for in vitro studies as well as for cell replacement therapies for treating demyelination diseases 633:744 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures are usefull tools for in vitro studies as well as for cell replacement therapies for treating demyelination diseases. 25837625 5 63 theme significant 1003:1013 arg1 impact 1015:1020 a positive and significant impact 988:1020 a positive and significant impact 988:1020 The Platelet Derived Growth Factor-AA and BB homodimers had a positive and significant impact on OPC generation. 25837625 4 64 link Zone-derived 770:781 arg1 cultures 799:806 Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures 755:806 Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures from newborn mice 755:824 We used Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures from newborn mice and compared the effects of different growth factor combinations on cell proliferation and OPC yield. 25837625 5 65 dep Derived 941:947 arg1 Platelet 932:939 Platelet 932:939 Platelet 932:939 The Platelet Derived Growth Factor-AA and BB homodimers had a positive and significant impact on OPC generation. 25837625 4 66 from mice 821:824 arg1 cultures 799:806 Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures 755:806 Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures from newborn mice 755:824 We used Subventricular Zone-derived NSC/NPC primary cultures from newborn mice and compared the effects of different growth factor combinations on cell proliferation and OPC yield. 25837625 5 67 theme Growth 949:954 arg1 Factor-AA 956:964 The Platelet Derived Growth Factor-AA 928:964 The Platelet Derived Growth Factor-AA 928:964 The Platelet Derived Growth Factor-AA and BB homodimers had a positive and significant impact on OPC generation. 25837625 8 68 theme optimized 1336:1344 arg1 whole 1314:1318 whole 1314:1318 whole 1314:1318 As a whole, we describe an optimized in vitro method for increasing OPC. 25837625 8 68 theme optimized 1336:1344 arg1 method 1355:1360 an optimized in vitro method 1333:1360 an optimized in vitro method for increasing OPC 1333:1379 As a whole, we describe an optimized in vitro method for increasing OPC. 25837625 5 69 theme Derived 941:947 arg1 Factor-AA 956:964 The Platelet Derived Growth Factor-AA 928:964 The Platelet Derived Growth Factor-AA 928:964 The Platelet Derived Growth Factor-AA and BB homodimers had a positive and significant impact on OPC generation. 25837625 2 70 theme developing 493:502 arg1 System 530:535 the developing mammalian Central Nervous System 489:535 the developing mammalian Central Nervous System 489:535 The Subventricular Zone is one of the largest NSC/NPC niches in the developing mammalian Central Nervous System, and persists through to adulthood. 25837625 5 71 theme positive 990:997 arg1 impact 1015:1020 a positive and significant impact 988:1020 a positive and significant impact 988:1020 The Platelet Derived Growth Factor-AA and BB homodimers had a positive and significant impact on OPC generation. 25837625 0 72 link zone-derived 117:128 arg1 neurospheres 153:164 subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres 102:164 subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres 102:164 Optimizing culture medium composition to improve oligodendrocyte progenitor cell yields in vitro from subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres. 25837625 1 73 theme Neural 167:172 arg1 NSC/NPC 201:207 NSC/NPC 201:207 NSC/NPC 201:207 Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells (NSC/NPC) are gathering tangible recognition for their uses in cell therapy and cell replacement therapies for human disease, as well as a model system to continue research on overall neural developmental processes in vitro. 25837625 1 73 theme Neural 167:172 arg1 Stem 174:177 Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells 167:198 Stem 174:177 Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells (NSC/NPC) are gathering tangible recognition for their uses in cell therapy and cell replacement therapies for human disease, as well as a model system to continue research on overall neural developmental processes in vitro. 25837625 0 74 theme cell 76:79 arg1 yields 81:86 oligodendrocyte progenitor cell yields 49:86 oligodendrocyte progenitor cell yields 49:86 Optimizing culture medium composition to improve oligodendrocyte progenitor cell yields in vitro from subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cell neurospheres. 25837625 3 75 theme cell 683:686 arg1 therapies 700:708 cell replacement therapies 683:708 cell replacement therapies for treating demyelination diseases 683:744 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures are usefull tools for in vitro studies as well as for cell replacement therapies for treating demyelination diseases. 25837625 2 76 theme Subventricular 429:442 arg1 niches 479:484 the largest NSC/NPC niches 459:484 the largest NSC/NPC niches in the developing mammalian Central Nervous System 459:535 The Subventricular Zone is one of the largest NSC/NPC niches in the developing mammalian Central Nervous System, and persists through to adulthood. 25837625 2 76 theme Subventricular 429:442 arg1 one 452:454 one 452:454 one 452:454 The Subventricular Zone is one of the largest NSC/NPC niches in the developing mammalian Central Nervous System, and persists through to adulthood. 25837625 2 76 theme Subventricular 429:442 arg1 Zone 444:447 The Subventricular Zone 425:447 The Subventricular Zone 425:447 The Subventricular Zone is one of the largest NSC/NPC niches in the developing mammalian Central Nervous System, and persists through to adulthood. 25837625 7 77 theme in 1281:1282 arg1 system 1301:1306 an in vitro co-culture system 1278:1306 an in vitro co-culture system 1278:1306 The OPC generated by this protocol were able to mature into Myelin Basic Protein-expressing cells and to interact with neurons in an in vitro co-culture system. 25837625 1 78 from research 364:371 arg1 processes 405:413 overall neural developmental processes 376:413 overall neural developmental processes 376:413 Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells (NSC/NPC) are gathering tangible recognition for their uses in cell therapy and cell replacement therapies for human disease, as well as a model system to continue research on overall neural developmental processes in vitro. 25837625 3 79 dep in 651:652 arg1 vitro 654:658 vitro 654:658 vitro 654:658 Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) enriched cultures are usefull tools for in vitro studies as well as for cell replacement therapies for treating demyelination diseases. 29142440 5 0 theme protein 682:688 arg1 mg/L 699:702 protein 3.0-22.4 mg/L 682:702 protein 3.0-22.4 mg/L 682:702 RESULTS Polyphenol content varied from 2.6 to 6.6 mg/L, polysaccharides 18.3-816 mg/L, saponin 6.25-106 mg/L, and protein 3.0-22.4 mg/L. 29142440 8 1 theme grape 1040:1044 arg1 sap 1024:1026 CONCLUSION Bleeding sap 1004:1026 CONCLUSION Bleeding sap of Xinjiang grape 1004:1044 CONCLUSION Bleeding sap of Xinjiang grape is rich in amino acids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and protein. 29142440 5 2 theme Polyphenol 576:585 arg1 content 587:593 RESULTS Polyphenol content 568:593 RESULTS Polyphenol content 568:593 RESULTS Polyphenol content varied from 2.6 to 6.6 mg/L, polysaccharides 18.3-816 mg/L, saponin 6.25-106 mg/L, and protein 3.0-22.4 mg/L. 29142440 7 3 theme Vitamin 868:874 arg1 Grapes 879:884 Vitamin C. Grapes 868:884 Vitamin C. Grapes from Turpan 868:896 ·OH scavenging ability varied from 70% to over 90%, higher than Vitamin C. Grapes from Turpan had lower antioxidant activity than other grapes even though the polyphenol content was generally higher. 29142440 7 4 theme ·OH 804:806 arg1 ability 819:825 ·OH scavenging ability 804:825 ·OH scavenging ability 804:825 ·OH scavenging ability varied from 70% to over 90%, higher than Vitamin C. Grapes from Turpan had lower antioxidant activity than other grapes even though the polyphenol content was generally higher. 29142440 4 5 theme antioxidant 500:510 arg1 activity 512:519 Their antioxidant activity 494:519 Their antioxidant activity 494:519 Their antioxidant activity was measured using ascorbic acid as reference. 29142440 8 6 theme Xinjiang 1031:1038 arg1 grape 1040:1044 Xinjiang grape 1031:1044 Xinjiang grape 1031:1044 CONCLUSION Bleeding sap of Xinjiang grape is rich in amino acids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and protein. 29142440 9 7 theme related 1165:1171 arg1 origin 1157:1162 the origin 1153:1162 the origin 1153:1162 The contents are different according to the origin, related possibly to species, climate, and environment. 29142440 3 8 dep Xinjiang 334:341 arg1 Atush 372:376 Atush 372:376 Atush 372:376 METHODS GBS samples originating in various parts of Xinjiang (Turpan, Hotan, Kashgar, and Atush) were tested for phenols and polyphenols, polysaccharides, saponin, proteins, individual amino acids, and minerals. 29142440 3 8 dep Xinjiang 334:341 arg1 Hotan 352:356 Hotan 352:356 Hotan 352:356 METHODS GBS samples originating in various parts of Xinjiang (Turpan, Hotan, Kashgar, and Atush) were tested for phenols and polyphenols, polysaccharides, saponin, proteins, individual amino acids, and minerals. 29142440 3 8 dep Xinjiang 334:341 arg1 Kashgar 359:365 Kashgar 359:365 Kashgar 359:365 METHODS GBS samples originating in various parts of Xinjiang (Turpan, Hotan, Kashgar, and Atush) were tested for phenols and polyphenols, polysaccharides, saponin, proteins, individual amino acids, and minerals. 29142440 12 9 theme phenyl 1694:1699 arg1 isothiocyanate 1701:1714 phenyl isothiocyanate 1694:1714 Abbreviations used: GBS: Bleeding sap of grapes; PITC: phenyl isothiocyanate. 1639:1715 Abbreviations used: GBS: Bleeding sap of grapes; PITC: phenyl isothiocyanate. 29142440 11 10 theme grapes 1394:1399 arg1 sap 1387:1389 sap 1387:1389 sap of grapes 1387:1399 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts is often associated with polyphenolsBleeding sap of grapes has strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity. 29142440 3 11 theme various 317:323 arg1 parts 325:329 various parts 317:329 various parts of Xinjiang (Turpan, Hotan, Kashgar, and Atush) 317:377 METHODS GBS samples originating in various parts of Xinjiang (Turpan, Hotan, Kashgar, and Atush) were tested for phenols and polyphenols, polysaccharides, saponin, proteins, individual amino acids, and minerals. 29142440 8 12 from acids 1063:1067 arg1 rich 1049:1052 rich 1049:1052 rich 1049:1052 CONCLUSION Bleeding sap of Xinjiang grape is rich in amino acids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and protein. 29142440 11 13 theme Antioxidant 1293:1303 arg1 activity 1305:1312 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity 1285:1312 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts 1285:1340 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts is often associated with polyphenolsBleeding sap of grapes has strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity. 29142440 10 14 theme polyphenol 1265:1274 arg1 content 1276:1282 polyphenol content 1265:1282 polyphenol content 1265:1282 Antioxidant effects were not correlated with polyphenol content. 29142440 3 15 theme amino 467:471 arg1 acids 473:477 individual amino acids 456:477 individual amino acids 456:477 METHODS GBS samples originating in various parts of Xinjiang (Turpan, Hotan, Kashgar, and Atush) were tested for phenols and polyphenols, polysaccharides, saponin, proteins, individual amino acids, and minerals. 29142440 10 16 theme Antioxidant 1220:1230 arg1 effects 1232:1238 Antioxidant effects 1220:1238 Antioxidant effects 1220:1238 Antioxidant effects were not correlated with polyphenol content. 29142440 5 17 theme saponin 655:661 arg1 mg/L 672:675 saponin 6.25-106 mg/L 655:675 saponin 6.25-106 mg/L 655:675 RESULTS Polyphenol content varied from 2.6 to 6.6 mg/L, polysaccharides 18.3-816 mg/L, saponin 6.25-106 mg/L, and protein 3.0-22.4 mg/L. 29142440 8 18 from protein 1104:1110 arg1 rich 1049:1052 rich 1049:1052 rich 1049:1052 CONCLUSION Bleeding sap of Xinjiang grape is rich in amino acids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and protein. 29142440 6 19 theme amino 726:730 arg1 acids 732:736 amino acids 726:736 amino acids 726:736 Mineral elements and amino acids ranged from 6.20 to 201.2 mg/L and 0.06-118.7 mg/L, respectively. 29142440 11 20 theme extracts 1333:1340 arg1 activity 1305:1312 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity 1285:1312 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts 1285:1340 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts is often associated with polyphenolsBleeding sap of grapes has strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity. 29142440 8 21 theme amino 1057:1061 arg1 acids 1063:1067 amino acids 1057:1067 amino acids 1057:1067 CONCLUSION Bleeding sap of Xinjiang grape is rich in amino acids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and protein. 29142440 11 22 theme concentrations 1597:1610 arg1 correlation 1571:1581 no correlation 1568:1581 no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity 1568:1636 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts is often associated with polyphenolsBleeding sap of grapes has strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity. 29142440 11 23 theme antioxidant 1412:1422 arg1 sap 1443:1445 strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity 1405:1636 strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity 1405:1636 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts is often associated with polyphenolsBleeding sap of grapes has strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity. 29142440 11 24 theme plant 1327:1331 arg1 extracts 1333:1340 plant extracts 1327:1340 plant extracts 1327:1340 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts is often associated with polyphenolsBleeding sap of grapes has strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity. 29142440 7 25 contain had 898:900 arg1 Grapes 879:884 Vitamin C. Grapes 868:884 Vitamin C. Grapes from Turpan 868:896 ·OH scavenging ability varied from 70% to over 90%, higher than Vitamin C. Grapes from Turpan had lower antioxidant activity than other grapes even though the polyphenol content was generally higher. 29142440 7 25 contain had 898:900 arg2 activity 920:927 lower antioxidant activity 902:927 lower antioxidant activity 902:927 ·OH scavenging ability varied from 70% to over 90%, higher than Vitamin C. Grapes from Turpan had lower antioxidant activity than other grapes even though the polyphenol content was generally higher. 29142440 11 26 theme different 1483:1491 arg1 parts 1493:1497 different parts 1483:1497 different parts of Xinjiang (China) 1483:1517 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts is often associated with polyphenolsBleeding sap of grapes has strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity. 29142440 12 27 theme Bleeding 1664:1671 arg1 sap 1673:1675 Bleeding sap 1664:1675 Abbreviations used: GBS: Bleeding sap of grapes; PITC: phenyl isothiocyanate. 1639:1715 Abbreviations used: GBS: Bleeding sap of grapes; PITC: phenyl isothiocyanate. 29142440 2 28 theme related 229:235 arg1 variations 203:212 variations 203:212 variations in composition related to region and variety 203:257 Do variations in composition related to region and variety affect its properties? 29142440 8 29 from polyphenols 1087:1097 arg1 rich 1049:1052 rich 1049:1052 rich 1049:1052 CONCLUSION Bleeding sap of Xinjiang grape is rich in amino acids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and protein. 29142440 7 30 theme polyphenol 963:972 arg1 content 974:980 the polyphenol content 959:980 the polyphenol content 959:980 ·OH scavenging ability varied from 70% to over 90%, higher than Vitamin C. Grapes from Turpan had lower antioxidant activity than other grapes even though the polyphenol content was generally higher. 29142440 7 30 theme polyphenol 963:972 arg1 higher 996:1001 higher 996:1001 higher 996:1001 ·OH scavenging ability varied from 70% to over 90%, higher than Vitamin C. Grapes from Turpan had lower antioxidant activity than other grapes even though the polyphenol content was generally higher. 29142440 6 31 theme Mineral 705:711 arg1 elements 713:720 Mineral elements 705:720 Mineral elements 705:720 Mineral elements and amino acids ranged from 6.20 to 201.2 mg/L and 0.06-118.7 mg/L, respectively. 29142440 1 32 theme OBJECTIVE 84:92 arg1 sap 105:107 OBJECTIVE Wine grape sap 84:107 OBJECTIVE Wine grape sap 84:107 OBJECTIVE Wine grape sap or bleeding sap of grapes (GBS) is commonly used in Xinjiang (China) for therapeutic aims. 29142440 11 33 theme plants 1317:1322 arg1 activity 1305:1312 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity 1285:1312 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts 1285:1340 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts is often associated with polyphenolsBleeding sap of grapes has strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity. 29142440 11 34 theme polyphenol 1533:1542 arg1 concentrationsThere 1544:1562 different polyphenol concentrationsThere 1523:1562 different polyphenol concentrationsThere 1523:1562 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts is often associated with polyphenolsBleeding sap of grapes has strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity. 29142440 5 35 theme RESULTS 568:574 arg1 content 587:593 RESULTS Polyphenol content 568:593 RESULTS Polyphenol content 568:593 RESULTS Polyphenol content varied from 2.6 to 6.6 mg/L, polysaccharides 18.3-816 mg/L, saponin 6.25-106 mg/L, and protein 3.0-22.4 mg/L. 29142440 11 36 theme grape 1462:1466 arg1 varieties 1468:1476 different grape varieties 1452:1476 different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) 1452:1517 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts is often associated with polyphenolsBleeding sap of grapes has strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity. 29142440 1 37 theme Wine 94:97 arg1 sap 105:107 OBJECTIVE Wine grape sap 84:107 OBJECTIVE Wine grape sap 84:107 OBJECTIVE Wine grape sap or bleeding sap of grapes (GBS) is commonly used in Xinjiang (China) for therapeutic aims. 29142440 2 38 from variations 203:212 arg1 composition 217:227 composition 217:227 composition 217:227 Do variations in composition related to region and variety affect its properties? 29142440 12 39 dep Abbreviations 1639:1651 arg1 GBS 1659:1661 GBS 1659:1661 Abbreviations used: GBS: Bleeding sap of grapes; PITC: phenyl isothiocyanate. 1639:1715 Abbreviations used: GBS: Bleeding sap of grapes; PITC: phenyl isothiocyanate. 29142440 1 40 theme grape 99:103 arg1 sap 105:107 OBJECTIVE Wine grape sap 84:107 OBJECTIVE Wine grape sap 84:107 OBJECTIVE Wine grape sap or bleeding sap of grapes (GBS) is commonly used in Xinjiang (China) for therapeutic aims. 29142440 11 41 from parts 1493:1497 arg1 varieties 1468:1476 different grape varieties 1452:1476 different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) 1452:1517 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts is often associated with polyphenolsBleeding sap of grapes has strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity. 29142440 3 42 theme Xinjiang 334:341 arg1 parts 325:329 various parts 317:329 various parts of Xinjiang (Turpan, Hotan, Kashgar, and Atush) 317:377 METHODS GBS samples originating in various parts of Xinjiang (Turpan, Hotan, Kashgar, and Atush) were tested for phenols and polyphenols, polysaccharides, saponin, proteins, individual amino acids, and minerals. 29142440 6 43 dep 201.2 758:762 arg1 to 755:756 to 755:756 to 755:756 Mineral elements and amino acids ranged from 6.20 to 201.2 mg/L and 0.06-118.7 mg/L, respectively. 29142440 5 44 theme polysaccharides 624:638 arg1 mg/L 649:652 polysaccharides 18.3-816 mg/L 624:652 polysaccharides 18.3-816 mg/L 624:652 RESULTS Polyphenol content varied from 2.6 to 6.6 mg/L, polysaccharides 18.3-816 mg/L, saponin 6.25-106 mg/L, and protein 3.0-22.4 mg/L. 29142440 11 45 contain has 1401:1403 arg1 sap 1387:1389 sap 1387:1389 sap of grapes 1387:1399 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts is often associated with polyphenolsBleeding sap of grapes has strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity. 29142440 11 45 contain has 1401:1403 arg2 sap 1443:1445 strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity 1405:1636 strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity 1405:1636 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts is often associated with polyphenolsBleeding sap of grapes has strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity. 29142440 8 46 from polysaccharides 1070:1084 arg1 rich 1049:1052 rich 1049:1052 rich 1049:1052 CONCLUSION Bleeding sap of Xinjiang grape is rich in amino acids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and protein. 29142440 7 47 from Turpan 891:896 arg1 Grapes 879:884 Vitamin C. Grapes 868:884 Vitamin C. Grapes from Turpan 868:896 ·OH scavenging ability varied from 70% to over 90%, higher than Vitamin C. Grapes from Turpan had lower antioxidant activity than other grapes even though the polyphenol content was generally higher. 29142440 0 48 theme Bleeding 41:48 arg1 Sap 50:52 Bleeding Sap 41:52 Bleeding Sap 41:52 Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Bleeding Sap from Various Xinjiang Grapes. 29142440 0 49 from Grapes 76:81 arg1 Constituents 0:11 Constituents 0:11 Constituents 0:11 Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Bleeding Sap from Various Xinjiang Grapes. 29142440 0 49 from Grapes 76:81 arg1 Activity 29:36 Antioxidant Activity 17:36 Antioxidant Activity 17:36 Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Bleeding Sap from Various Xinjiang Grapes. 29142440 11 50 theme different 1452:1460 arg1 varieties 1468:1476 different grape varieties 1452:1476 different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) 1452:1517 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts is often associated with polyphenolsBleeding sap of grapes has strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity. 29142440 8 51 theme Bleeding 1015:1022 arg1 sap 1024:1026 CONCLUSION Bleeding sap 1004:1026 CONCLUSION Bleeding sap of Xinjiang grape 1004:1044 CONCLUSION Bleeding sap of Xinjiang grape is rich in amino acids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and protein. 29142440 11 52 theme SUMMARY 1285:1291 arg1 activity 1305:1312 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity 1285:1312 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts 1285:1340 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts is often associated with polyphenolsBleeding sap of grapes has strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity. 29142440 5 53 dep 6.6 614:616 arg1 to 611:612 to 611:612 to 611:612 RESULTS Polyphenol content varied from 2.6 to 6.6 mg/L, polysaccharides 18.3-816 mg/L, saponin 6.25-106 mg/L, and protein 3.0-22.4 mg/L. 29142440 11 54 theme antioxidant 1617:1627 arg1 activity 1629:1636 antioxidant activity 1617:1636 antioxidant activity 1617:1636 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts is often associated with polyphenolsBleeding sap of grapes has strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity. 29142440 7 55 theme lower 902:906 arg1 activity 920:927 lower antioxidant activity 902:927 lower antioxidant activity 902:927 ·OH scavenging ability varied from 70% to over 90%, higher than Vitamin C. Grapes from Turpan had lower antioxidant activity than other grapes even though the polyphenol content was generally higher. 29142440 0 56 theme Sap 50:52 arg1 Constituents 0:11 Constituents 0:11 Constituents 0:11 Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Bleeding Sap from Various Xinjiang Grapes. 29142440 0 56 theme Sap 50:52 arg1 Activity 29:36 Antioxidant Activity 17:36 Antioxidant Activity 17:36 Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Bleeding Sap from Various Xinjiang Grapes. 29142440 7 57 theme other 934:938 arg1 grapes 940:945 other grapes 934:945 other grapes 934:945 ·OH scavenging ability varied from 70% to over 90%, higher than Vitamin C. Grapes from Turpan had lower antioxidant activity than other grapes even though the polyphenol content was generally higher. 29142440 1 58 theme bleeding 112:119 arg1 sap 121:123 bleeding sap 112:123 bleeding sap 112:123 OBJECTIVE Wine grape sap or bleeding sap of grapes (GBS) is commonly used in Xinjiang (China) for therapeutic aims. 29142440 11 59 with correlation 1571:1581 arg1 activity 1629:1636 antioxidant activity 1617:1636 antioxidant activity 1617:1636 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts is often associated with polyphenolsBleeding sap of grapes has strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity. 29142440 7 60 theme antioxidant 908:918 arg1 activity 920:927 lower antioxidant activity 902:927 lower antioxidant activity 902:927 ·OH scavenging ability varied from 70% to over 90%, higher than Vitamin C. Grapes from Turpan had lower antioxidant activity than other grapes even though the polyphenol content was generally higher. 29142440 12 61 dep GBS 1659:1661 arg1 sap 1673:1675 Bleeding sap 1664:1675 Abbreviations used: GBS: Bleeding sap of grapes; PITC: phenyl isothiocyanate. 1639:1715 Abbreviations used: GBS: Bleeding sap of grapes; PITC: phenyl isothiocyanate. 29142440 12 61 dep GBS 1659:1661 arg1 PITC 1688:1691 PITC 1688:1691 Abbreviations used: GBS: Bleeding sap of grapes; PITC: phenyl isothiocyanate. 1639:1715 Abbreviations used: GBS: Bleeding sap of grapes; PITC: phenyl isothiocyanate. 29142440 12 61 dep GBS 1659:1661 arg1 isothiocyanate 1701:1714 phenyl isothiocyanate 1694:1714 Abbreviations used: GBS: Bleeding sap of grapes; PITC: phenyl isothiocyanate. 1639:1715 Abbreviations used: GBS: Bleeding sap of grapes; PITC: phenyl isothiocyanate. 29142440 11 62 theme propertiesBleeding 1424:1441 arg1 sap 1443:1445 strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity 1405:1636 strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity 1405:1636 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts is often associated with polyphenolsBleeding sap of grapes has strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity. 29142440 8 63 theme CONCLUSION 1004:1013 arg1 sap 1024:1026 CONCLUSION Bleeding sap 1004:1026 CONCLUSION Bleeding sap of Xinjiang grape 1004:1044 CONCLUSION Bleeding sap of Xinjiang grape is rich in amino acids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and protein. 29142440 11 64 theme polyphenol 1586:1595 arg1 concentrations 1597:1610 polyphenol concentrations 1586:1610 polyphenol concentrations 1586:1610 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts is often associated with polyphenolsBleeding sap of grapes has strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity. 29142440 3 65 theme individual 456:465 arg1 acids 473:477 individual amino acids 456:477 individual amino acids 456:477 METHODS GBS samples originating in various parts of Xinjiang (Turpan, Hotan, Kashgar, and Atush) were tested for phenols and polyphenols, polysaccharides, saponin, proteins, individual amino acids, and minerals. 29142440 8 66 from rich 1049:1052 arg1 polysaccharides 1070:1084 polysaccharides 1070:1084 polysaccharides 1070:1084 CONCLUSION Bleeding sap of Xinjiang grape is rich in amino acids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and protein. 29142440 8 66 from rich 1049:1052 arg1 acids 1063:1067 amino acids 1057:1067 amino acids 1057:1067 CONCLUSION Bleeding sap of Xinjiang grape is rich in amino acids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and protein. 29142440 8 66 from rich 1049:1052 arg1 polyphenols 1087:1097 polyphenols 1087:1097 polyphenols 1087:1097 CONCLUSION Bleeding sap of Xinjiang grape is rich in amino acids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and protein. 29142440 8 66 from rich 1049:1052 arg1 protein 1104:1110 protein 1104:1110 protein 1104:1110 CONCLUSION Bleeding sap of Xinjiang grape is rich in amino acids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and protein. 29142440 1 67 used used 153:156 arg2 sap 105:107 OBJECTIVE Wine grape sap 84:107 OBJECTIVE Wine grape sap 84:107 OBJECTIVE Wine grape sap or bleeding sap of grapes (GBS) is commonly used in Xinjiang (China) for therapeutic aims. 29142440 1 67 used used 153:156 arg2 sap 121:123 bleeding sap 112:123 bleeding sap 112:123 OBJECTIVE Wine grape sap or bleeding sap of grapes (GBS) is commonly used in Xinjiang (China) for therapeutic aims. 29142440 7 68 theme C. 876:877 arg1 Grapes 879:884 Vitamin C. Grapes 868:884 Vitamin C. Grapes from Turpan 868:896 ·OH scavenging ability varied from 70% to over 90%, higher than Vitamin C. Grapes from Turpan had lower antioxidant activity than other grapes even though the polyphenol content was generally higher. 29142440 7 69 theme scavenging 808:817 arg1 ability 819:825 ·OH scavenging ability 804:825 ·OH scavenging ability 804:825 ·OH scavenging ability varied from 70% to over 90%, higher than Vitamin C. Grapes from Turpan had lower antioxidant activity than other grapes even though the polyphenol content was generally higher. 29142440 1 70 theme therapeutic 182:192 arg1 aims 194:197 therapeutic aims 182:197 therapeutic aims 182:197 OBJECTIVE Wine grape sap or bleeding sap of grapes (GBS) is commonly used in Xinjiang (China) for therapeutic aims. 29142440 0 71 theme Xinjiang 67:74 arg1 Grapes 76:81 Various Xinjiang Grapes 59:81 Various Xinjiang Grapes 59:81 Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Bleeding Sap from Various Xinjiang Grapes. 29142440 12 72 theme grapes 1680:1685 arg1 sap 1673:1675 Bleeding sap 1664:1675 Abbreviations used: GBS: Bleeding sap of grapes; PITC: phenyl isothiocyanate. 1639:1715 Abbreviations used: GBS: Bleeding sap of grapes; PITC: phenyl isothiocyanate. 29142440 11 73 theme different 1523:1531 arg1 concentrationsThere 1544:1562 different polyphenol concentrationsThere 1523:1562 different polyphenol concentrationsThere 1523:1562 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts is often associated with polyphenolsBleeding sap of grapes has strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity. 29142440 1 74 theme grapes 128:133 arg1 sap 121:123 bleeding sap 112:123 bleeding sap 112:123 OBJECTIVE Wine grape sap or bleeding sap of grapes (GBS) is commonly used in Xinjiang (China) for therapeutic aims. 29142440 1 74 theme grapes 128:133 arg1 sap 105:107 OBJECTIVE Wine grape sap 84:107 OBJECTIVE Wine grape sap 84:107 OBJECTIVE Wine grape sap or bleeding sap of grapes (GBS) is commonly used in Xinjiang (China) for therapeutic aims. 29142440 0 75 theme Various 59:65 arg1 Grapes 76:81 Various Xinjiang Grapes 59:81 Various Xinjiang Grapes 59:81 Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Bleeding Sap from Various Xinjiang Grapes. 29142440 0 76 theme Antioxidant 17:27 arg1 Activity 29:36 Antioxidant Activity 17:36 Antioxidant Activity 17:36 Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Bleeding Sap from Various Xinjiang Grapes. 29142440 11 77 theme China 1512:1516 arg1 parts 1493:1497 different parts 1483:1497 different parts of Xinjiang (China) 1483:1517 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts is often associated with polyphenolsBleeding sap of grapes has strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity. 29142440 11 78 theme strong 1405:1410 arg1 sap 1443:1445 strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity 1405:1636 strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity 1405:1636 SUMMARY Antioxidant activity of plants or plant extracts is often associated with polyphenolsBleeding sap of grapes has strong antioxidant propertiesBleeding sap from different grape varieties from different parts of Xinjiang (China) had different polyphenol concentrationsThere was no correlation of polyphenol concentrations with antioxidant activity. 29142440 4 79 theme ascorbic 540:547 arg1 acid 549:552 ascorbic acid 540:552 ascorbic acid 540:552 Their antioxidant activity was measured using ascorbic acid as reference. 25207476 8 0 theme macrophage-monocyte 1547:1565 arg1 protein-1 1583:1591 macrophage-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 1547:1591 macrophage-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 1547:1591 The concentrations of most cytokines and immunoglobulins in colostrum were higher than in mature milk, and the differences were significant for immunoglobulin G₃, immunoglobulin G₄, interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, IL-17, macrophage-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β. 25207476 3 1 theme chromatography 648:661 arg1 procedure 663:671 a gas chromatography procedure 642:671 a gas chromatography procedure 642:671 Bacterial diversity was assessed by culture-based methods, whereas the concentration of lactose, glucose, and myo-inositol was determined by a gas chromatography procedure. 25207476 4 2 theme multiplex 805:813 arg1 system 815:820 a multiplex system 803:820 a multiplex system 803:820 Finally, the concentrations of a wide spectrum of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and immunoglobulins were measured using a multiplex system. 25207476 3 3 theme Bacterial 501:509 arg1 diversity 511:519 Bacterial diversity 501:519 Bacterial diversity 501:519 Bacterial diversity was assessed by culture-based methods, whereas the concentration of lactose, glucose, and myo-inositol was determined by a gas chromatography procedure. 25207476 6 4 theme mature 1101:1106 arg1 samples 1113:1119 some mature milk samples 1096:1119 some mature milk samples 1096:1119 Staphylococci, streptococci, and lactobacilli were the main bacterial groups isolated from colostrum, and they could be also isolated, together with enterococci and enterobacteria, from some mature milk samples. 25207476 0 5 theme preterm 114:120 arg1 infants 122:128 extremely preterm infants 104:128 extremely preterm infants 104:128 Bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological properties of colostrum and mature milk from mothers of extremely preterm infants. 25207476 5 6 located present 845:851 arg2 Bacteria 831:838 RESULTS Bacteria 823:838 RESULTS Bacteria 823:838 RESULTS Bacteria were present in a small percentage of the colostrum and milk samples. 25207476 5 6 located present 845:851 arg1 percentage 864:873 a small percentage 856:873 a small percentage of the colostrum and milk samples 856:907 RESULTS Bacteria were present in a small percentage of the colostrum and milk samples. 25207476 10 7 from mothers 1900:1906 arg1 milk 1880:1883 milk 1880:1883 milk from their own mothers or from donors matching 1880:1930 Efforts have to be made to try that preterm neonates receive milk from their own mothers or from donors matching, as much as possible, the gestational age of the preterm. 25207476 9 8 theme immunological 1683:1695 arg1 content 1697:1703 The bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological content 1645:1703 The bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological content of colostrum 1645:1716 CONCLUSIONS The bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological content of colostrum and mature milk from mothers of extremely preterm infants is particularly valuable for such infants. 25207476 10 9 theme gestational 1958:1968 arg1 age 1970:1972 the gestational age 1954:1972 the gestational age of the preterm 1954:1987 Efforts have to be made to try that preterm neonates receive milk from their own mothers or from donors matching, as much as possible, the gestational age of the preterm. 25207476 3 10 theme glucose 598:604 arg1 concentration 572:584 the concentration 568:584 the concentration of lactose, glucose, and myo-inositol 568:622 Bacterial diversity was assessed by culture-based methods, whereas the concentration of lactose, glucose, and myo-inositol was determined by a gas chromatography procedure. 25207476 8 11 theme immunoglobulin 1439:1452 arg1 G₃ 1454:1455 immunoglobulin G₃ 1439:1455 immunoglobulin G₃ 1439:1455 The concentrations of most cytokines and immunoglobulins in colostrum were higher than in mature milk, and the differences were significant for immunoglobulin G₃, immunoglobulin G₄, interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, IL-17, macrophage-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β. 25207476 0 12 theme colostrum 62:70 arg1 properties 48:57 Bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological properties 0:57 Bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological properties of colostrum 0:70 Bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological properties of colostrum and mature milk from mothers of extremely preterm infants. 25207476 3 13 theme lactose 589:595 arg1 concentration 572:584 the concentration 568:584 the concentration of lactose, glucose, and myo-inositol 568:622 Bacterial diversity was assessed by culture-based methods, whereas the concentration of lactose, glucose, and myo-inositol was determined by a gas chromatography procedure. 25207476 6 14 theme bacterial 970:978 arg1 groups 980:985 the main bacterial groups 961:985 the main bacterial groups isolated from colostrum 961:1009 Staphylococci, streptococci, and lactobacilli were the main bacterial groups isolated from colostrum, and they could be also isolated, together with enterococci and enterobacteria, from some mature milk samples. 25207476 6 14 theme bacterial 970:978 arg1 lactobacilli 943:954 lactobacilli 943:954 lactobacilli 943:954 Staphylococci, streptococci, and lactobacilli were the main bacterial groups isolated from colostrum, and they could be also isolated, together with enterococci and enterobacteria, from some mature milk samples. 25207476 6 14 theme bacterial 970:978 arg1 Staphylococci 910:922 Staphylococci 910:922 Staphylococci 910:922 Staphylococci, streptococci, and lactobacilli were the main bacterial groups isolated from colostrum, and they could be also isolated, together with enterococci and enterobacteria, from some mature milk samples. 25207476 6 14 theme bacterial 970:978 arg1 streptococci 925:936 streptococci 925:936 streptococci 925:936 Staphylococci, streptococci, and lactobacilli were the main bacterial groups isolated from colostrum, and they could be also isolated, together with enterococci and enterobacteria, from some mature milk samples. 25207476 10 15 theme preterm 1981:1987 arg1 age 1970:1972 the gestational age 1954:1972 the gestational age of the preterm 1954:1987 Efforts have to be made to try that preterm neonates receive milk from their own mothers or from donors matching, as much as possible, the gestational age of the preterm. 25207476 1 16 theme colostrum 329:337 arg1 composition 314:324 the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition 262:324 the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk 262:353 OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to elucidate the influence of extremely premature birth (gestational age 24-27 weeks) on the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk. 25207476 4 17 theme spectrum 712:719 arg1 concentrations 687:700 the concentrations 683:700 the concentrations of a wide spectrum of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and immunoglobulins 683:781 Finally, the concentrations of a wide spectrum of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and immunoglobulins were measured using a multiplex system. 25207476 7 18 theme glucose 1166:1172 arg1 lower 1193:1197 lower 1193:1197 lower 1193:1197 The colostrum concentrations of lactose and glucose were significantly lower than those found in mature milk, whereas the contrary was observed in relation to myo-inositol. 25207476 7 18 theme glucose 1166:1172 arg1 concentrations 1136:1149 The colostrum concentrations 1122:1149 The colostrum concentrations of lactose and glucose 1122:1172 The colostrum concentrations of lactose and glucose were significantly lower than those found in mature milk, whereas the contrary was observed in relation to myo-inositol. 25207476 1 19 theme mature 343:348 arg1 milk 350:353 mature milk 343:353 mature milk 343:353 OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to elucidate the influence of extremely premature birth (gestational age 24-27 weeks) on the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk. 25207476 10 20 from donors 1916:1921 arg1 milk 1880:1883 milk 1880:1883 milk from their own mothers or from donors matching 1880:1930 Efforts have to be made to try that preterm neonates receive milk from their own mothers or from donors matching, as much as possible, the gestational age of the preterm. 25207476 8 21 theme most 1317:1320 arg1 cytokines 1322:1330 most cytokines 1317:1330 most cytokines 1317:1330 The concentrations of most cytokines and immunoglobulins in colostrum were higher than in mature milk, and the differences were significant for immunoglobulin G₃, immunoglobulin G₄, interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, IL-17, macrophage-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β. 25207476 7 22 theme lactose 1154:1160 arg1 lower 1193:1197 lower 1193:1197 lower 1193:1197 The colostrum concentrations of lactose and glucose were significantly lower than those found in mature milk, whereas the contrary was observed in relation to myo-inositol. 25207476 7 22 theme lactose 1154:1160 arg1 concentrations 1136:1149 The colostrum concentrations 1122:1149 The colostrum concentrations of lactose and glucose 1122:1172 The colostrum concentrations of lactose and glucose were significantly lower than those found in mature milk, whereas the contrary was observed in relation to myo-inositol. 25207476 9 23 theme infants 1768:1774 arg1 mothers 1739:1745 mothers 1739:1745 mothers of extremely preterm infants 1739:1774 CONCLUSIONS The bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological content of colostrum and mature milk from mothers of extremely preterm infants is particularly valuable for such infants. 25207476 4 24 theme wide 707:710 arg1 spectrum 712:719 a wide spectrum 705:719 a wide spectrum of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and immunoglobulins 705:781 Finally, the concentrations of a wide spectrum of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and immunoglobulins were measured using a multiplex system. 25207476 10 25 theme own 1896:1898 arg1 mothers 1900:1906 their own mothers 1890:1906 their own mothers 1890:1906 Efforts have to be made to try that preterm neonates receive milk from their own mothers or from donors matching, as much as possible, the gestational age of the preterm. 25207476 0 26 theme Bacteriological 0:14 arg1 properties 48:57 Bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological properties 0:57 Bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological properties of colostrum 0:70 Bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological properties of colostrum and mature milk from mothers of extremely preterm infants. 25207476 5 27 theme samples 901:907 arg1 percentage 864:873 a small percentage 856:873 a small percentage of the colostrum and milk samples 856:907 RESULTS Bacteria were present in a small percentage of the colostrum and milk samples. 25207476 2 28 theme mature 395:400 arg1 samples 407:413 34 mature milk samples 392:413 34 mature milk samples 392:413 METHODS A total of 17 colostrum and 34 mature milk samples were provided by the 22 mothers of extremely preterms who participated in this study. 25207476 0 29 theme biochemical 17:27 arg1 properties 48:57 Bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological properties 0:57 Bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological properties of colostrum 0:70 Bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological properties of colostrum and mature milk from mothers of extremely preterm infants. 25207476 1 30 theme microbiological 266:280 arg1 composition 314:324 the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition 262:324 the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk 262:353 OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to elucidate the influence of extremely premature birth (gestational age 24-27 weeks) on the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk. 25207476 5 31 theme RESULTS 823:829 arg1 Bacteria 831:838 RESULTS Bacteria 823:838 RESULTS Bacteria 823:838 RESULTS Bacteria were present in a small percentage of the colostrum and milk samples. 25207476 1 32 theme biochemical 283:293 arg1 composition 314:324 the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition 262:324 the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk 262:353 OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to elucidate the influence of extremely premature birth (gestational age 24-27 weeks) on the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk. 25207476 9 33 from mothers 1739:1745 arg1 milk 1729:1732 mature milk 1722:1732 mature milk from mothers of extremely preterm infants 1722:1774 CONCLUSIONS The bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological content of colostrum and mature milk from mothers of extremely preterm infants is particularly valuable for such infants. 25207476 2 34 theme preterms 460:467 arg1 mothers 439:445 the 22 mothers 432:445 the 22 mothers of extremely preterms who participated in this study 432:498 METHODS A total of 17 colostrum and 34 mature milk samples were provided by the 22 mothers of extremely preterms who participated in this study. 25207476 5 35 attach present 845:851 arg2 Bacteria 831:838 RESULTS Bacteria 823:838 RESULTS Bacteria 823:838 RESULTS Bacteria were present in a small percentage of the colostrum and milk samples. 25207476 5 35 attach present 845:851 arg1 percentage 864:873 a small percentage 856:873 a small percentage of the colostrum and milk samples 856:907 RESULTS Bacteria were present in a small percentage of the colostrum and milk samples. 25207476 3 36 theme gas 644:646 arg1 procedure 663:671 a gas chromatography procedure 642:671 a gas chromatography procedure 642:671 Bacterial diversity was assessed by culture-based methods, whereas the concentration of lactose, glucose, and myo-inositol was determined by a gas chromatography procedure. 25207476 8 37 theme mature 1385:1390 arg1 milk 1392:1395 mature milk 1385:1395 mature milk 1385:1395 The concentrations of most cytokines and immunoglobulins in colostrum were higher than in mature milk, and the differences were significant for immunoglobulin G₃, immunoglobulin G₄, interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, IL-17, macrophage-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β. 25207476 1 38 theme premature 213:221 arg1 weeks 252:256 gestational age 24-27 weeks 230:256 gestational age 24-27 weeks 230:256 OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to elucidate the influence of extremely premature birth (gestational age 24-27 weeks) on the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk. 25207476 1 38 theme premature 213:221 arg1 birth 223:227 extremely premature birth 203:227 extremely premature birth (gestational age 24-27 weeks) 203:257 OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to elucidate the influence of extremely premature birth (gestational age 24-27 weeks) on the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk. 25207476 8 39 theme inflammatory 1608:1619 arg1 protein-1β 1621:1630 macrophage inflammatory protein-1β 1597:1630 macrophage inflammatory protein-1β 1597:1630 The concentrations of most cytokines and immunoglobulins in colostrum were higher than in mature milk, and the differences were significant for immunoglobulin G₃, immunoglobulin G₄, interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, IL-17, macrophage-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β. 25207476 7 40 theme mature 1219:1224 arg1 milk 1226:1229 mature milk 1219:1229 mature milk 1219:1229 The colostrum concentrations of lactose and glucose were significantly lower than those found in mature milk, whereas the contrary was observed in relation to myo-inositol. 25207476 1 41 theme age 242:244 arg1 weeks 252:256 gestational age 24-27 weeks 230:256 gestational age 24-27 weeks 230:256 OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to elucidate the influence of extremely premature birth (gestational age 24-27 weeks) on the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk. 25207476 1 41 theme age 242:244 arg1 birth 223:227 extremely premature birth 203:227 extremely premature birth (gestational age 24-27 weeks) 203:257 OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to elucidate the influence of extremely premature birth (gestational age 24-27 weeks) on the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk. 25207476 10 42 theme preterm 1855:1861 arg1 neonates 1863:1870 preterm neonates 1855:1870 preterm neonates 1855:1870 Efforts have to be made to try that preterm neonates receive milk from their own mothers or from donors matching, as much as possible, the gestational age of the preterm. 25207476 3 43 theme culture-based 537:549 arg1 methods 551:557 culture-based methods 537:557 culture-based methods 537:557 Bacterial diversity was assessed by culture-based methods, whereas the concentration of lactose, glucose, and myo-inositol was determined by a gas chromatography procedure. 25207476 8 44 theme chemoattractant 1567:1581 arg1 protein-1 1583:1591 macrophage-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 1547:1591 macrophage-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 1547:1591 The concentrations of most cytokines and immunoglobulins in colostrum were higher than in mature milk, and the differences were significant for immunoglobulin G₃, immunoglobulin G₄, interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, IL-17, macrophage-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β. 25207476 6 45 attach isolated 1035:1042 arg1 samples 1113:1119 some mature milk samples 1096:1119 some mature milk samples 1096:1119 Staphylococci, streptococci, and lactobacilli were the main bacterial groups isolated from colostrum, and they could be also isolated, together with enterococci and enterobacteria, from some mature milk samples. 25207476 6 45 attach isolated 1035:1042 arg2 they 1016:1019 they 1016:1019 they 1016:1019 Staphylococci, streptococci, and lactobacilli were the main bacterial groups isolated from colostrum, and they could be also isolated, together with enterococci and enterobacteria, from some mature milk samples. 25207476 1 46 theme work 164:167 arg1 objective 146:154 The objective 142:154 The objective of this work 142:167 OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to elucidate the influence of extremely premature birth (gestational age 24-27 weeks) on the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk. 25207476 6 47 attach isolated 987:994 arg2 lactobacilli 943:954 lactobacilli 943:954 lactobacilli 943:954 Staphylococci, streptococci, and lactobacilli were the main bacterial groups isolated from colostrum, and they could be also isolated, together with enterococci and enterobacteria, from some mature milk samples. 25207476 6 47 attach isolated 987:994 arg2 groups 980:985 the main bacterial groups 961:985 the main bacterial groups isolated from colostrum 961:1009 Staphylococci, streptococci, and lactobacilli were the main bacterial groups isolated from colostrum, and they could be also isolated, together with enterococci and enterobacteria, from some mature milk samples. 25207476 6 47 attach isolated 987:994 arg2 Staphylococci 910:922 Staphylococci 910:922 Staphylococci 910:922 Staphylococci, streptococci, and lactobacilli were the main bacterial groups isolated from colostrum, and they could be also isolated, together with enterococci and enterobacteria, from some mature milk samples. 25207476 6 47 attach isolated 987:994 arg1 colostrum 1001:1009 colostrum 1001:1009 colostrum 1001:1009 Staphylococci, streptococci, and lactobacilli were the main bacterial groups isolated from colostrum, and they could be also isolated, together with enterococci and enterobacteria, from some mature milk samples. 25207476 6 47 attach isolated 987:994 arg2 streptococci 925:936 streptococci 925:936 streptococci 925:936 Staphylococci, streptococci, and lactobacilli were the main bacterial groups isolated from colostrum, and they could be also isolated, together with enterococci and enterobacteria, from some mature milk samples. 25207476 7 48 located found 1210:1214 arg2 those 1204:1208 those 1204:1208 those 1204:1208 The colostrum concentrations of lactose and glucose were significantly lower than those found in mature milk, whereas the contrary was observed in relation to myo-inositol. 25207476 7 48 located found 1210:1214 arg1 milk 1226:1229 mature milk 1219:1229 mature milk 1219:1229 The colostrum concentrations of lactose and glucose were significantly lower than those found in mature milk, whereas the contrary was observed in relation to myo-inositol. 25207476 9 49 theme bacteriological 1649:1663 arg1 content 1697:1703 The bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological content 1645:1703 The bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological content of colostrum 1645:1716 CONCLUSIONS The bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological content of colostrum and mature milk from mothers of extremely preterm infants is particularly valuable for such infants. 25207476 6 50 theme milk 1108:1111 arg1 samples 1113:1119 some mature milk samples 1096:1119 some mature milk samples 1096:1119 Staphylococci, streptococci, and lactobacilli were the main bacterial groups isolated from colostrum, and they could be also isolated, together with enterococci and enterobacteria, from some mature milk samples. 25207476 0 51 theme infants 122:128 arg1 mothers 93:99 mothers 93:99 mothers of extremely preterm infants 93:128 Bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological properties of colostrum and mature milk from mothers of extremely preterm infants. 25207476 9 52 theme biochemical 1666:1676 arg1 content 1697:1703 The bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological content 1645:1703 The bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological content of colostrum 1645:1716 CONCLUSIONS The bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological content of colostrum and mature milk from mothers of extremely preterm infants is particularly valuable for such infants. 25207476 7 53 located observed 1257:1264 arg2 contrary 1244:1251 the contrary 1240:1251 the contrary 1240:1251 The colostrum concentrations of lactose and glucose were significantly lower than those found in mature milk, whereas the contrary was observed in relation to myo-inositol. 25207476 7 53 located observed 1257:1264 arg1 relation 1269:1276 relation 1269:1276 relation to myo-inositol 1269:1292 The colostrum concentrations of lactose and glucose were significantly lower than those found in mature milk, whereas the contrary was observed in relation to myo-inositol. 25207476 4 54 theme factors 754:760 arg1 spectrum 712:719 a wide spectrum 705:719 a wide spectrum of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and immunoglobulins 705:781 Finally, the concentrations of a wide spectrum of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and immunoglobulins were measured using a multiplex system. 25207476 1 55 from influence 190:198 arg1 composition 314:324 the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition 262:324 the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk 262:353 OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to elucidate the influence of extremely premature birth (gestational age 24-27 weeks) on the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk. 25207476 5 56 theme colostrum 882:890 arg1 samples 901:907 the colostrum and milk samples 878:907 samples 901:907 RESULTS Bacteria were present in a small percentage of the colostrum and milk samples. 25207476 9 57 theme colostrum 1708:1716 arg1 content 1697:1703 The bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological content 1645:1703 The bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological content of colostrum 1645:1716 CONCLUSIONS The bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological content of colostrum and mature milk from mothers of extremely preterm infants is particularly valuable for such infants. 25207476 0 58 from mothers 93:99 arg1 milk 83:86 milk 83:86 milk from mothers of extremely preterm infants 83:128 Bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological properties of colostrum and mature milk from mothers of extremely preterm infants. 25207476 5 59 from present 845:851 arg1 percentage 864:873 a small percentage 856:873 a small percentage of the colostrum and milk samples 856:907 RESULTS Bacteria were present in a small percentage of the colostrum and milk samples. 25207476 3 60 dep assessed 525:532 arg1 whereas 560:566 whereas 560:566 whereas 560:566 Bacterial diversity was assessed by culture-based methods, whereas the concentration of lactose, glucose, and myo-inositol was determined by a gas chromatography procedure. 25207476 9 61 theme mature 1722:1727 arg1 milk 1729:1732 mature milk 1722:1732 mature milk from mothers of extremely preterm infants 1722:1774 CONCLUSIONS The bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological content of colostrum and mature milk from mothers of extremely preterm infants is particularly valuable for such infants. 25207476 8 62 theme immunoglobulin 1458:1471 arg1 G₄ 1473:1474 immunoglobulin G₄ 1458:1474 immunoglobulin G₄ 1458:1474 The concentrations of most cytokines and immunoglobulins in colostrum were higher than in mature milk, and the differences were significant for immunoglobulin G₃, immunoglobulin G₄, interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, IL-17, macrophage-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β. 25207476 5 63 theme small 858:862 arg1 percentage 864:873 a small percentage 856:873 a small percentage of the colostrum and milk samples 856:907 RESULTS Bacteria were present in a small percentage of the colostrum and milk samples. 25207476 6 64 theme main 965:968 arg1 groups 980:985 the main bacterial groups 961:985 the main bacterial groups isolated from colostrum 961:1009 Staphylococci, streptococci, and lactobacilli were the main bacterial groups isolated from colostrum, and they could be also isolated, together with enterococci and enterobacteria, from some mature milk samples. 25207476 6 64 theme main 965:968 arg1 lactobacilli 943:954 lactobacilli 943:954 lactobacilli 943:954 Staphylococci, streptococci, and lactobacilli were the main bacterial groups isolated from colostrum, and they could be also isolated, together with enterococci and enterobacteria, from some mature milk samples. 25207476 6 64 theme main 965:968 arg1 Staphylococci 910:922 Staphylococci 910:922 Staphylococci 910:922 Staphylococci, streptococci, and lactobacilli were the main bacterial groups isolated from colostrum, and they could be also isolated, together with enterococci and enterobacteria, from some mature milk samples. 25207476 6 64 theme main 965:968 arg1 streptococci 925:936 streptococci 925:936 streptococci 925:936 Staphylococci, streptococci, and lactobacilli were the main bacterial groups isolated from colostrum, and they could be also isolated, together with enterococci and enterobacteria, from some mature milk samples. 25207476 5 65 from percentage 864:873 arg1 present 845:851 present 845:851 present 845:851 RESULTS Bacteria were present in a small percentage of the colostrum and milk samples. 25207476 1 66 dep OBJECTIVES 131:140 arg1 was 169:171 was 169:171 was to elucidate the influence of extremely premature birth (gestational age 24-27 weeks) on the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk 169:353 OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to elucidate the influence of extremely premature birth (gestational age 24-27 weeks) on the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk. 25207476 4 67 theme cytokines 724:732 arg1 spectrum 712:719 a wide spectrum 705:719 a wide spectrum of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and immunoglobulins 705:781 Finally, the concentrations of a wide spectrum of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and immunoglobulins were measured using a multiplex system. 25207476 1 68 theme milk 350:353 arg1 composition 314:324 the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition 262:324 the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk 262:353 OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to elucidate the influence of extremely premature birth (gestational age 24-27 weeks) on the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk. 25207476 9 69 theme preterm 1760:1766 arg1 infants 1768:1774 extremely preterm infants 1750:1774 extremely preterm infants 1750:1774 CONCLUSIONS The bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological content of colostrum and mature milk from mothers of extremely preterm infants is particularly valuable for such infants. 25207476 4 70 theme chemokines 735:744 arg1 spectrum 712:719 a wide spectrum 705:719 a wide spectrum of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and immunoglobulins 705:781 Finally, the concentrations of a wide spectrum of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and immunoglobulins were measured using a multiplex system. 25207476 7 71 theme colostrum 1126:1134 arg1 lower 1193:1197 lower 1193:1197 lower 1193:1197 The colostrum concentrations of lactose and glucose were significantly lower than those found in mature milk, whereas the contrary was observed in relation to myo-inositol. 25207476 7 71 theme colostrum 1126:1134 arg1 concentrations 1136:1149 The colostrum concentrations 1122:1149 The colostrum concentrations of lactose and glucose 1122:1172 The colostrum concentrations of lactose and glucose were significantly lower than those found in mature milk, whereas the contrary was observed in relation to myo-inositol. 25207476 5 72 theme milk 896:899 arg1 samples 901:907 the colostrum and milk samples 878:907 samples 901:907 RESULTS Bacteria were present in a small percentage of the colostrum and milk samples. 25207476 8 73 theme cytokines 1322:1330 arg1 higher 1370:1375 higher 1370:1375 higher 1370:1375 The concentrations of most cytokines and immunoglobulins in colostrum were higher than in mature milk, and the differences were significant for immunoglobulin G₃, immunoglobulin G₄, interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, IL-17, macrophage-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β. 25207476 8 73 theme cytokines 1322:1330 arg1 concentrations 1299:1312 The concentrations 1295:1312 The concentrations of most cytokines and immunoglobulins in colostrum 1295:1363 The concentrations of most cytokines and immunoglobulins in colostrum were higher than in mature milk, and the differences were significant for immunoglobulin G₃, immunoglobulin G₄, interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, IL-17, macrophage-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β. 25207476 2 74 theme milk 402:405 arg1 samples 407:413 34 mature milk samples 392:413 34 mature milk samples 392:413 METHODS A total of 17 colostrum and 34 mature milk samples were provided by the 22 mothers of extremely preterms who participated in this study. 25207476 2 75 dep METHODS 356:362 arg1 total 366:370 A total 364:370 A total of 17 colostrum 364:386 METHODS A total of 17 colostrum and 34 mature milk samples were provided by the 22 mothers of extremely preterms who participated in this study. 25207476 2 75 dep METHODS 356:362 arg1 samples 407:413 34 mature milk samples 392:413 34 mature milk samples 392:413 METHODS A total of 17 colostrum and 34 mature milk samples were provided by the 22 mothers of extremely preterms who participated in this study. 25207476 3 76 theme myo-inositol 611:622 arg1 concentration 572:584 the concentration 568:584 the concentration of lactose, glucose, and myo-inositol 568:622 Bacterial diversity was assessed by culture-based methods, whereas the concentration of lactose, glucose, and myo-inositol was determined by a gas chromatography procedure. 25207476 8 77 theme immunoglobulins 1336:1350 arg1 higher 1370:1375 higher 1370:1375 higher 1370:1375 The concentrations of most cytokines and immunoglobulins in colostrum were higher than in mature milk, and the differences were significant for immunoglobulin G₃, immunoglobulin G₄, interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, IL-17, macrophage-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β. 25207476 8 77 theme immunoglobulins 1336:1350 arg1 concentrations 1299:1312 The concentrations 1295:1312 The concentrations of most cytokines and immunoglobulins in colostrum 1295:1363 The concentrations of most cytokines and immunoglobulins in colostrum were higher than in mature milk, and the differences were significant for immunoglobulin G₃, immunoglobulin G₄, interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, IL-17, macrophage-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β. 25207476 2 78 theme 34 392:393 arg1 samples 407:413 34 mature milk samples 392:413 34 mature milk samples 392:413 METHODS A total of 17 colostrum and 34 mature milk samples were provided by the 22 mothers of extremely preterms who participated in this study. 25207476 0 79 theme immunological 34:46 arg1 properties 48:57 Bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological properties 0:57 Bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological properties of colostrum 0:70 Bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological properties of colostrum and mature milk from mothers of extremely preterm infants. 25207476 9 80 theme such 1805:1808 arg1 infants 1810:1816 such infants 1805:1816 such infants 1805:1816 CONCLUSIONS The bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological content of colostrum and mature milk from mothers of extremely preterm infants is particularly valuable for such infants. 25207476 4 81 theme immunoglobulins 767:781 arg1 spectrum 712:719 a wide spectrum 705:719 a wide spectrum of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and immunoglobulins 705:781 Finally, the concentrations of a wide spectrum of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and immunoglobulins were measured using a multiplex system. 25207476 2 82 theme colostrum 378:386 arg1 total 366:370 A total 364:370 A total of 17 colostrum 364:386 METHODS A total of 17 colostrum and 34 mature milk samples were provided by the 22 mothers of extremely preterms who participated in this study. 25207476 2 82 theme colostrum 378:386 arg1 samples 407:413 34 mature milk samples 392:413 34 mature milk samples 392:413 METHODS A total of 17 colostrum and 34 mature milk samples were provided by the 22 mothers of extremely preterms who participated in this study. 25207476 8 83 theme macrophage 1597:1606 arg1 protein-1β 1621:1630 macrophage inflammatory protein-1β 1597:1630 macrophage inflammatory protein-1β 1597:1630 The concentrations of most cytokines and immunoglobulins in colostrum were higher than in mature milk, and the differences were significant for immunoglobulin G₃, immunoglobulin G₄, interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, IL-17, macrophage-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β. 25207476 1 84 theme immunological 300:312 arg1 composition 314:324 the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition 262:324 the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk 262:353 OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to elucidate the influence of extremely premature birth (gestational age 24-27 weeks) on the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk. 25207476 4 85 theme growth 747:752 arg1 factors 754:760 growth factors 747:760 growth factors 747:760 Finally, the concentrations of a wide spectrum of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and immunoglobulins were measured using a multiplex system. 25207476 8 86 from concentrations 1299:1312 arg1 colostrum 1355:1363 colostrum 1355:1363 colostrum 1355:1363 The concentrations of most cytokines and immunoglobulins in colostrum were higher than in mature milk, and the differences were significant for immunoglobulin G₃, immunoglobulin G₄, interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, IL-17, macrophage-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β. 25207476 1 87 theme birth 223:227 arg1 influence 190:198 the influence 186:198 the influence of extremely premature birth (gestational age 24-27 weeks) on the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk 186:353 OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to elucidate the influence of extremely premature birth (gestational age 24-27 weeks) on the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk. 25207476 1 88 theme gestational 230:240 arg1 weeks 252:256 gestational age 24-27 weeks 230:256 gestational age 24-27 weeks 230:256 OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to elucidate the influence of extremely premature birth (gestational age 24-27 weeks) on the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk. 25207476 1 88 theme gestational 230:240 arg1 birth 223:227 extremely premature birth 203:227 extremely premature birth (gestational age 24-27 weeks) 203:257 OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to elucidate the influence of extremely premature birth (gestational age 24-27 weeks) on the microbiological, biochemical, and immunological composition of colostrum and mature milk. 24566711 0 0 theme peripheral 80:89 arg1 grafts 97:102 mobilized peripheral blood grafts 70:102 mobilized peripheral blood grafts 70:102 Apoptotic signaling through Fas and TNF receptors ameliorates GVHD in mobilized peripheral blood grafts. 24566711 3 1 theme cells 695:699 arg1 apoptosis 635:643 spontaneous apoptosis 623:643 spontaneous apoptosis of 50% of the T and B lymphocytes and 60% myeloid cells 623:699 Short incubation for 4 h resulted in spontaneous apoptosis of 50% of the T and B lymphocytes and 60% myeloid cells. 24566711 2 2 theme pretransplant 360:372 arg1 exposure 385:392 pretransplant donor cell exposure 360:392 pretransplant donor cell exposure to Fas-ligand (FasL) without host-specific sensitization 360:449 Following the observation that murine GVHD is ameliorated by pretransplant donor cell exposure to Fas-ligand (FasL) without host-specific sensitization, we assessed the susceptibility of mPB cells to spontaneous and receptor-induced apoptosis as a possible approach to GVHD prophylaxis. 24566711 6 3 theme cells 1017:1021 arg1 Removal 1001:1007 Removal 1001:1007 Removal of dead cells 1001:1021 Removal of dead cells increased the frequency of mPB myeloid progenitors (P<0.001 vs medium), and recipients of mPB exposed to death ligands displayed reduced GVHD (P<0.01 vs medium) and improved survival following lipopolysacharide stimulation. 24566711 2 4 theme cells 490:494 arg1 susceptibility 468:481 the susceptibility 464:481 the susceptibility of mPB cells to spontaneous and receptor-induced apoptosis 464:540 Following the observation that murine GVHD is ameliorated by pretransplant donor cell exposure to Fas-ligand (FasL) without host-specific sensitization, we assessed the susceptibility of mPB cells to spontaneous and receptor-induced apoptosis as a possible approach to GVHD prophylaxis. 24566711 2 4 theme cells 490:494 arg1 approach 556:563 a possible approach 545:563 a possible approach to GVHD prophylaxis 545:583 Following the observation that murine GVHD is ameliorated by pretransplant donor cell exposure to Fas-ligand (FasL) without host-specific sensitization, we assessed the susceptibility of mPB cells to spontaneous and receptor-induced apoptosis as a possible approach to GVHD prophylaxis. 24566711 1 5 theme prevalent 143:151 arg1 source 153:158 a prevalent source 141:158 a prevalent source of hematopoietic progenitors for transplantation 141:207 Mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) is a prevalent source of hematopoietic progenitors for transplantation; however, allogeneic and haploidentical transplants are often accompanied by severe GVHD. 24566711 1 5 theme prevalent 143:151 arg1 blood 126:130 Mobilized peripheral blood 105:130 Mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) 105:136 Mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) is a prevalent source of hematopoietic progenitors for transplantation; however, allogeneic and haploidentical transplants are often accompanied by severe GVHD. 24566711 6 6 theme dead 1012:1015 arg1 cells 1017:1021 dead cells 1012:1021 dead cells 1012:1021 Removal of dead cells increased the frequency of mPB myeloid progenitors (P<0.001 vs medium), and recipients of mPB exposed to death ligands displayed reduced GVHD (P<0.01 vs medium) and improved survival following lipopolysacharide stimulation. 24566711 3 7 theme % 685:685 arg1 cells 695:699 50% of the T and B lymphocytes and 60% myeloid cells 648:699 50% of the T and B lymphocytes and 60% myeloid cells 648:699 Short incubation for 4 h resulted in spontaneous apoptosis of 50% of the T and B lymphocytes and 60% myeloid cells. 24566711 5 8 theme mPB 896:898 arg1 composition 906:916 mPB graft composition 896:916 mPB graft composition 896:916 Functional assays revealed that the death receptors modulated mPB graft composition as compared with incubation in medium, without detectable quantitative variations. 24566711 4 9 theme TNF-R1 733:738 arg1 expression 711:720 expression 711:720 expression of Fas and TNF-R1 711:738 Although expression of Fas and TNF-R1 was proportionate to fractional apoptosis, cell death was dominated by spontaneous apoptosis. 24566711 0 10 theme blood 91:95 arg1 grafts 97:102 mobilized peripheral blood grafts 70:102 mobilized peripheral blood grafts 70:102 Apoptotic signaling through Fas and TNF receptors ameliorates GVHD in mobilized peripheral blood grafts. 24566711 5 11 theme quantitative 976:987 arg1 variations 989:998 detectable quantitative variations 965:998 detectable quantitative variations 965:998 Functional assays revealed that the death receptors modulated mPB graft composition as compared with incubation in medium, without detectable quantitative variations. 24566711 5 12 theme graft 900:904 arg1 composition 906:916 mPB graft composition 896:916 mPB graft composition 896:916 Functional assays revealed that the death receptors modulated mPB graft composition as compared with incubation in medium, without detectable quantitative variations. 24566711 6 13 theme mPB 1113:1115 arg1 recipients 1099:1108 recipients 1099:1108 recipients of mPB exposed to death ligands 1099:1140 Removal of dead cells increased the frequency of mPB myeloid progenitors (P<0.001 vs medium), and recipients of mPB exposed to death ligands displayed reduced GVHD (P<0.01 vs medium) and improved survival following lipopolysacharide stimulation. 24566711 6 14 theme death 1128:1132 arg1 ligands 1134:1140 death ligands 1128:1140 death ligands 1128:1140 Removal of dead cells increased the frequency of mPB myeloid progenitors (P<0.001 vs medium), and recipients of mPB exposed to death ligands displayed reduced GVHD (P<0.01 vs medium) and improved survival following lipopolysacharide stimulation. 24566711 6 15 theme progenitors 1062:1072 arg1 frequency 1037:1045 the frequency 1033:1045 the frequency of mPB myeloid progenitors 1033:1072 Removal of dead cells increased the frequency of mPB myeloid progenitors (P<0.001 vs medium), and recipients of mPB exposed to death ligands displayed reduced GVHD (P<0.01 vs medium) and improved survival following lipopolysacharide stimulation. 24566711 5 16 theme death 870:874 arg1 receptors 876:884 the death receptors 866:884 the death receptors 866:884 Functional assays revealed that the death receptors modulated mPB graft composition as compared with incubation in medium, without detectable quantitative variations. 24566711 6 17 dep displayed 1142:1150 arg1 improved 1188:1195 improved 1188:1195 improved survival following lipopolysacharide stimulation 1188:1244 Removal of dead cells increased the frequency of mPB myeloid progenitors (P<0.001 vs medium), and recipients of mPB exposed to death ligands displayed reduced GVHD (P<0.01 vs medium) and improved survival following lipopolysacharide stimulation. 24566711 6 17 dep displayed 1142:1150 arg1 reduced 1152:1158 reduced 1152:1158 reduced GVHD (P<0.01 vs medium) 1152:1182 Removal of dead cells increased the frequency of mPB myeloid progenitors (P<0.001 vs medium), and recipients of mPB exposed to death ligands displayed reduced GVHD (P<0.01 vs medium) and improved survival following lipopolysacharide stimulation. 24566711 2 18 theme receptor-induced 515:530 arg1 apoptosis 532:540 spontaneous and receptor-induced apoptosis 499:540 spontaneous and receptor-induced apoptosis 499:540 Following the observation that murine GVHD is ameliorated by pretransplant donor cell exposure to Fas-ligand (FasL) without host-specific sensitization, we assessed the susceptibility of mPB cells to spontaneous and receptor-induced apoptosis as a possible approach to GVHD prophylaxis. 24566711 0 19 theme TNF 36:38 arg1 receptors 40:48 TNF receptors 36:48 TNF receptors 36:48 Apoptotic signaling through Fas and TNF receptors ameliorates GVHD in mobilized peripheral blood grafts. 24566711 4 20 theme fractional 761:770 arg1 apoptosis 772:780 fractional apoptosis 761:780 fractional apoptosis 761:780 Although expression of Fas and TNF-R1 was proportionate to fractional apoptosis, cell death was dominated by spontaneous apoptosis. 24566711 0 21 theme mobilized 70:78 arg1 grafts 97:102 mobilized peripheral blood grafts 70:102 mobilized peripheral blood grafts 70:102 Apoptotic signaling through Fas and TNF receptors ameliorates GVHD in mobilized peripheral blood grafts. 24566711 7 22 theme SCID 1302:1305 arg1 potential 1322:1330 SCID reconstituting potential 1302:1330 SCID reconstituting potential 1302:1330 mPB grafts exposed to the apoptotic challenge retained SCID reconstituting potential and graft versus tumor activity. 24566711 5 23 from incubation 935:944 arg1 medium 949:954 medium 949:954 medium 949:954 Functional assays revealed that the death receptors modulated mPB graft composition as compared with incubation in medium, without detectable quantitative variations. 24566711 3 24 theme Short 586:590 arg1 incubation 592:601 Short incubation 586:601 Short incubation for 4 h 586:609 Short incubation for 4 h resulted in spontaneous apoptosis of 50% of the T and B lymphocytes and 60% myeloid cells. 24566711 6 25 dep increased 1023:1031 arg1 medium 1086:1091 medium 1086:1091 medium 1086:1091 Removal of dead cells increased the frequency of mPB myeloid progenitors (P<0.001 vs medium), and recipients of mPB exposed to death ligands displayed reduced GVHD (P<0.01 vs medium) and improved survival following lipopolysacharide stimulation. 24566711 6 25 dep increased 1023:1031 arg1 P<0.001 1075:1081 P<0.001 1075:1081 P<0.001 1075:1081 Removal of dead cells increased the frequency of mPB myeloid progenitors (P<0.001 vs medium), and recipients of mPB exposed to death ligands displayed reduced GVHD (P<0.01 vs medium) and improved survival following lipopolysacharide stimulation. 24566711 1 26 theme hematopoietic 163:175 arg1 progenitors 177:187 hematopoietic progenitors 163:187 hematopoietic progenitors 163:187 Mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) is a prevalent source of hematopoietic progenitors for transplantation; however, allogeneic and haploidentical transplants are often accompanied by severe GVHD. 24566711 0 27 theme Apoptotic 0:8 arg1 signaling 10:18 Apoptotic signaling 0:18 Apoptotic signaling through Fas and TNF receptors 0:48 Apoptotic signaling through Fas and TNF receptors ameliorates GVHD in mobilized peripheral blood grafts. 24566711 4 28 theme Fas 725:727 arg1 expression 711:720 expression 711:720 expression of Fas and TNF-R1 711:738 Although expression of Fas and TNF-R1 was proportionate to fractional apoptosis, cell death was dominated by spontaneous apoptosis. 24566711 8 29 from effective 1454:1462 arg1 reduction 1467:1475 reduction 1467:1475 reduction of GVHD effector activity 1467:1501 These data emphasize that short-term exposure of mPB grafts to an apoptotic challenge is effective in reduction of GVHD effector activity. 24566711 1 30 theme progenitors 177:187 arg1 source 153:158 a prevalent source 141:158 a prevalent source of hematopoietic progenitors for transplantation 141:207 Mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) is a prevalent source of hematopoietic progenitors for transplantation; however, allogeneic and haploidentical transplants are often accompanied by severe GVHD. 24566711 1 30 theme progenitors 177:187 arg1 blood 126:130 Mobilized peripheral blood 105:130 Mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) 105:136 Mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) is a prevalent source of hematopoietic progenitors for transplantation; however, allogeneic and haploidentical transplants are often accompanied by severe GVHD. 24566711 1 31 theme severe 286:291 arg1 GVHD 293:296 severe GVHD 286:296 severe GVHD 286:296 Mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) is a prevalent source of hematopoietic progenitors for transplantation; however, allogeneic and haploidentical transplants are often accompanied by severe GVHD. 24566711 2 32 theme GVHD 568:571 arg1 prophylaxis 573:583 GVHD prophylaxis 568:583 GVHD prophylaxis 568:583 Following the observation that murine GVHD is ameliorated by pretransplant donor cell exposure to Fas-ligand (FasL) without host-specific sensitization, we assessed the susceptibility of mPB cells to spontaneous and receptor-induced apoptosis as a possible approach to GVHD prophylaxis. 24566711 2 33 theme host-specific 423:435 arg1 sensitization 437:449 host-specific sensitization 423:449 host-specific sensitization 423:449 Following the observation that murine GVHD is ameliorated by pretransplant donor cell exposure to Fas-ligand (FasL) without host-specific sensitization, we assessed the susceptibility of mPB cells to spontaneous and receptor-induced apoptosis as a possible approach to GVHD prophylaxis. 24566711 8 34 theme short-term 1391:1400 arg1 exposure 1402:1409 short-term exposure 1391:1409 short-term exposure of mPB grafts to an apoptotic challenge 1391:1449 These data emphasize that short-term exposure of mPB grafts to an apoptotic challenge is effective in reduction of GVHD effector activity. 24566711 1 35 theme Mobilized 105:113 arg1 source 153:158 a prevalent source 141:158 a prevalent source of hematopoietic progenitors for transplantation 141:207 Mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) is a prevalent source of hematopoietic progenitors for transplantation; however, allogeneic and haploidentical transplants are often accompanied by severe GVHD. 24566711 1 35 theme Mobilized 105:113 arg1 mPB 133:135 mPB 133:135 mPB 133:135 Mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) is a prevalent source of hematopoietic progenitors for transplantation; however, allogeneic and haploidentical transplants are often accompanied by severe GVHD. 24566711 1 35 theme Mobilized 105:113 arg1 blood 126:130 Mobilized peripheral blood 105:130 Mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) 105:136 Mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) is a prevalent source of hematopoietic progenitors for transplantation; however, allogeneic and haploidentical transplants are often accompanied by severe GVHD. 24566711 5 36 theme Functional 834:843 arg1 assays 845:850 Functional assays 834:850 Functional assays 834:850 Functional assays revealed that the death receptors modulated mPB graft composition as compared with incubation in medium, without detectable quantitative variations. 24566711 2 37 theme mPB 486:488 arg1 cells 490:494 mPB cells 486:494 mPB cells 486:494 Following the observation that murine GVHD is ameliorated by pretransplant donor cell exposure to Fas-ligand (FasL) without host-specific sensitization, we assessed the susceptibility of mPB cells to spontaneous and receptor-induced apoptosis as a possible approach to GVHD prophylaxis. 24566711 7 38 theme reconstituting 1307:1320 arg1 potential 1322:1330 SCID reconstituting potential 1302:1330 SCID reconstituting potential 1302:1330 mPB grafts exposed to the apoptotic challenge retained SCID reconstituting potential and graft versus tumor activity. 24566711 3 39 theme T 659:659 arg1 lymphocytes 667:677 the T and B lymphocytes 655:677 lymphocytes 667:677 Short incubation for 4 h resulted in spontaneous apoptosis of 50% of the T and B lymphocytes and 60% myeloid cells. 24566711 8 40 theme grafts 1418:1423 arg1 exposure 1402:1409 short-term exposure 1391:1409 short-term exposure of mPB grafts to an apoptotic challenge 1391:1449 These data emphasize that short-term exposure of mPB grafts to an apoptotic challenge is effective in reduction of GVHD effector activity. 24566711 6 41 dep reduced 1152:1158 arg1 P<0.01 1166:1171 P<0.01 1166:1171 P<0.01 1166:1171 Removal of dead cells increased the frequency of mPB myeloid progenitors (P<0.001 vs medium), and recipients of mPB exposed to death ligands displayed reduced GVHD (P<0.01 vs medium) and improved survival following lipopolysacharide stimulation. 24566711 6 41 dep reduced 1152:1158 arg1 medium 1176:1181 medium 1176:1181 medium 1176:1181 Removal of dead cells increased the frequency of mPB myeloid progenitors (P<0.001 vs medium), and recipients of mPB exposed to death ligands displayed reduced GVHD (P<0.01 vs medium) and improved survival following lipopolysacharide stimulation. 24566711 6 42 theme myeloid 1054:1060 arg1 progenitors 1062:1072 mPB myeloid progenitors 1050:1072 mPB myeloid progenitors 1050:1072 Removal of dead cells increased the frequency of mPB myeloid progenitors (P<0.001 vs medium), and recipients of mPB exposed to death ligands displayed reduced GVHD (P<0.01 vs medium) and improved survival following lipopolysacharide stimulation. 24566711 7 43 theme tumor 1349:1353 arg1 activity 1355:1362 tumor activity 1349:1362 tumor activity 1349:1362 mPB grafts exposed to the apoptotic challenge retained SCID reconstituting potential and graft versus tumor activity. 24566711 2 44 theme possible 547:554 arg1 susceptibility 468:481 the susceptibility 464:481 the susceptibility of mPB cells to spontaneous and receptor-induced apoptosis 464:540 Following the observation that murine GVHD is ameliorated by pretransplant donor cell exposure to Fas-ligand (FasL) without host-specific sensitization, we assessed the susceptibility of mPB cells to spontaneous and receptor-induced apoptosis as a possible approach to GVHD prophylaxis. 24566711 2 44 theme possible 547:554 arg1 approach 556:563 a possible approach 545:563 a possible approach to GVHD prophylaxis 545:583 Following the observation that murine GVHD is ameliorated by pretransplant donor cell exposure to Fas-ligand (FasL) without host-specific sensitization, we assessed the susceptibility of mPB cells to spontaneous and receptor-induced apoptosis as a possible approach to GVHD prophylaxis. 24566711 3 45 theme % 650:650 arg1 cells 695:699 50% of the T and B lymphocytes and 60% myeloid cells 648:699 50% of the T and B lymphocytes and 60% myeloid cells 648:699 Short incubation for 4 h resulted in spontaneous apoptosis of 50% of the T and B lymphocytes and 60% myeloid cells. 24566711 8 46 theme mPB 1414:1416 arg1 grafts 1418:1423 mPB grafts 1414:1423 mPB grafts 1414:1423 These data emphasize that short-term exposure of mPB grafts to an apoptotic challenge is effective in reduction of GVHD effector activity. 24566711 7 47 theme apoptotic 1273:1281 arg1 challenge 1283:1291 the apoptotic challenge 1269:1291 the apoptotic challenge 1269:1291 mPB grafts exposed to the apoptotic challenge retained SCID reconstituting potential and graft versus tumor activity. 24566711 6 48 theme mPB 1050:1052 arg1 progenitors 1062:1072 mPB myeloid progenitors 1050:1072 mPB myeloid progenitors 1050:1072 Removal of dead cells increased the frequency of mPB myeloid progenitors (P<0.001 vs medium), and recipients of mPB exposed to death ligands displayed reduced GVHD (P<0.01 vs medium) and improved survival following lipopolysacharide stimulation. 24566711 8 49 theme activity 1494:1501 arg1 reduction 1467:1475 reduction 1467:1475 reduction of GVHD effector activity 1467:1501 These data emphasize that short-term exposure of mPB grafts to an apoptotic challenge is effective in reduction of GVHD effector activity. 24566711 6 50 theme lipopolysacharide 1216:1232 arg1 stimulation 1234:1244 lipopolysacharide stimulation 1216:1244 lipopolysacharide stimulation 1216:1244 Removal of dead cells increased the frequency of mPB myeloid progenitors (P<0.001 vs medium), and recipients of mPB exposed to death ligands displayed reduced GVHD (P<0.01 vs medium) and improved survival following lipopolysacharide stimulation. 24566711 1 51 theme peripheral 115:124 arg1 source 153:158 a prevalent source 141:158 a prevalent source of hematopoietic progenitors for transplantation 141:207 Mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) is a prevalent source of hematopoietic progenitors for transplantation; however, allogeneic and haploidentical transplants are often accompanied by severe GVHD. 24566711 1 51 theme peripheral 115:124 arg1 mPB 133:135 mPB 133:135 mPB 133:135 Mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) is a prevalent source of hematopoietic progenitors for transplantation; however, allogeneic and haploidentical transplants are often accompanied by severe GVHD. 24566711 1 51 theme peripheral 115:124 arg1 blood 126:130 Mobilized peripheral blood 105:130 Mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) 105:136 Mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) is a prevalent source of hematopoietic progenitors for transplantation; however, allogeneic and haploidentical transplants are often accompanied by severe GVHD. 24566711 3 52 theme lymphocytes 667:677 arg1 % 650:650 50% 648:650 50% of the T and B lymphocytes 648:677 Short incubation for 4 h resulted in spontaneous apoptosis of 50% of the T and B lymphocytes and 60% myeloid cells. 24566711 3 52 theme lymphocytes 667:677 arg1 lymphocytes 667:677 the T and B lymphocytes 655:677 lymphocytes 667:677 Short incubation for 4 h resulted in spontaneous apoptosis of 50% of the T and B lymphocytes and 60% myeloid cells. 24566711 3 52 theme lymphocytes 667:677 arg1 % 685:685 60% 683:685 60% 683:685 Short incubation for 4 h resulted in spontaneous apoptosis of 50% of the T and B lymphocytes and 60% myeloid cells. 24566711 4 53 theme spontaneous 811:821 arg1 apoptosis 823:831 spontaneous apoptosis 811:831 spontaneous apoptosis 811:831 Although expression of Fas and TNF-R1 was proportionate to fractional apoptosis, cell death was dominated by spontaneous apoptosis. 24566711 8 54 theme GVHD 1480:1483 arg1 activity 1494:1501 GVHD effector activity 1480:1501 GVHD effector activity 1480:1501 These data emphasize that short-term exposure of mPB grafts to an apoptotic challenge is effective in reduction of GVHD effector activity. 24566711 8 55 theme effector 1485:1492 arg1 activity 1494:1501 GVHD effector activity 1480:1501 GVHD effector activity 1480:1501 These data emphasize that short-term exposure of mPB grafts to an apoptotic challenge is effective in reduction of GVHD effector activity. 24566711 4 56 theme cell 783:786 arg1 death 788:792 cell death 783:792 cell death 783:792 Although expression of Fas and TNF-R1 was proportionate to fractional apoptosis, cell death was dominated by spontaneous apoptosis. 24566711 8 57 from reduction 1467:1475 arg1 effective 1454:1462 effective 1454:1462 effective 1454:1462 These data emphasize that short-term exposure of mPB grafts to an apoptotic challenge is effective in reduction of GVHD effector activity. 24566711 5 58 theme detectable 965:974 arg1 variations 989:998 detectable quantitative variations 965:998 detectable quantitative variations 965:998 Functional assays revealed that the death receptors modulated mPB graft composition as compared with incubation in medium, without detectable quantitative variations. 24566711 2 59 theme murine 330:335 arg1 GVHD 337:340 murine GVHD 330:340 murine GVHD 330:340 Following the observation that murine GVHD is ameliorated by pretransplant donor cell exposure to Fas-ligand (FasL) without host-specific sensitization, we assessed the susceptibility of mPB cells to spontaneous and receptor-induced apoptosis as a possible approach to GVHD prophylaxis. 24566711 1 60 theme allogeneic 219:228 arg1 transplants 249:259 allogeneic and haploidentical transplants 219:259 allogeneic and haploidentical transplants 219:259 Mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) is a prevalent source of hematopoietic progenitors for transplantation; however, allogeneic and haploidentical transplants are often accompanied by severe GVHD. 24566711 8 61 theme apoptotic 1431:1439 arg1 challenge 1441:1449 an apoptotic challenge 1428:1449 an apoptotic challenge 1428:1449 These data emphasize that short-term exposure of mPB grafts to an apoptotic challenge is effective in reduction of GVHD effector activity. 24566711 3 62 theme B 665:665 arg1 lymphocytes 667:677 the T and B lymphocytes 655:677 lymphocytes 667:677 Short incubation for 4 h resulted in spontaneous apoptosis of 50% of the T and B lymphocytes and 60% myeloid cells. 24566711 3 63 theme spontaneous 623:633 arg1 apoptosis 635:643 spontaneous apoptosis 623:643 spontaneous apoptosis of 50% of the T and B lymphocytes and 60% myeloid cells 623:699 Short incubation for 4 h resulted in spontaneous apoptosis of 50% of the T and B lymphocytes and 60% myeloid cells. 24566711 2 64 theme cell 380:383 arg1 exposure 385:392 pretransplant donor cell exposure 360:392 pretransplant donor cell exposure to Fas-ligand (FasL) without host-specific sensitization 360:449 Following the observation that murine GVHD is ameliorated by pretransplant donor cell exposure to Fas-ligand (FasL) without host-specific sensitization, we assessed the susceptibility of mPB cells to spontaneous and receptor-induced apoptosis as a possible approach to GVHD prophylaxis. 24566711 2 65 theme spontaneous 499:509 arg1 apoptosis 532:540 spontaneous and receptor-induced apoptosis 499:540 spontaneous and receptor-induced apoptosis 499:540 Following the observation that murine GVHD is ameliorated by pretransplant donor cell exposure to Fas-ligand (FasL) without host-specific sensitization, we assessed the susceptibility of mPB cells to spontaneous and receptor-induced apoptosis as a possible approach to GVHD prophylaxis. 24566711 3 66 theme myeloid 687:693 arg1 cells 695:699 50% of the T and B lymphocytes and 60% myeloid cells 648:699 50% of the T and B lymphocytes and 60% myeloid cells 648:699 Short incubation for 4 h resulted in spontaneous apoptosis of 50% of the T and B lymphocytes and 60% myeloid cells. 24566711 2 67 theme donor 374:378 arg1 exposure 385:392 pretransplant donor cell exposure 360:392 pretransplant donor cell exposure to Fas-ligand (FasL) without host-specific sensitization 360:449 Following the observation that murine GVHD is ameliorated by pretransplant donor cell exposure to Fas-ligand (FasL) without host-specific sensitization, we assessed the susceptibility of mPB cells to spontaneous and receptor-induced apoptosis as a possible approach to GVHD prophylaxis. 24566711 7 68 theme mPB 1247:1249 arg1 grafts 1251:1256 mPB grafts 1247:1256 mPB grafts exposed to the apoptotic challenge 1247:1291 mPB grafts exposed to the apoptotic challenge retained SCID reconstituting potential and graft versus tumor activity. 24566711 1 69 theme haploidentical 234:247 arg1 transplants 249:259 allogeneic and haploidentical transplants 219:259 allogeneic and haploidentical transplants 219:259 Mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) is a prevalent source of hematopoietic progenitors for transplantation; however, allogeneic and haploidentical transplants are often accompanied by severe GVHD. 26063918 2 0 from Studies 185:191 arg1 rats 205:208 neonatal rats 196:208 neonatal rats 196:208 Studies in neonatal rats have shown that H-I acutely expands the numbers of neural precursors (NPs) within the subventricular zone (SVZ). 26063918 4 1 from cells 532:536 arg1 SVZ 552:554 the medial SVZ 541:554 the medial SVZ of the injured hemisphere 541:580 During recovery from H-I, the number of Ki67(+) cells in the medial SVZ of the injured hemisphere increased. 26063918 6 2 theme EdU 960:962 arg1 incorporation 964:976 EdU incorporation 960:976 EdU incorporation 960:976 However, multimarker flow cytometry for CD133/LeX/NG2/CD140a combined with EdU incorporation revealed that NSC frequency diminished after H-I, whereas that of two multipotential progenitors and three unique glial-restricted precursors expanded, attributable to changes in their proliferation. 26063918 0 3 theme mouse 14:18 arg1 expansion 37:45 mouse neural precursor expansion 14:45 mouse neural precursor expansion 14:45 Mechanisms of mouse neural precursor expansion after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. 26063918 4 4 theme Ki67 524:527 arg1 cells 532:536 Ki67(+) cells 524:536 Ki67(+) cells in the medial SVZ of the injured hemisphere 524:580 During recovery from H-I, the number of Ki67(+) cells in the medial SVZ of the injured hemisphere increased. 26063918 5 5 from brain 808:812 arg1 neurospheres 778:789 many neurospheres 773:789 many neurospheres from the damaged brain 773:812 Similarly, the number and size of primary neurospheres produced from the injured SVZ increased approximately twofold versus controls, and, upon differentiation, more than twice as many neurospheres from the damaged brain were tripotential, suggesting an increase in neural stem cells (NSCs). 26063918 7 6 theme quantitative 1181:1192 arg1 PCR 1194:1196 quantitative PCR 1181:1196 quantitative PCR 1181:1196 By quantitative PCR, interleukin-6, LIF, and CNTF mRNA increased but with significantly different time courses, with LIF expression correlating best with NP expansion. 26063918 6 7 from changes 1146:1152 arg1 proliferation 1163:1175 their proliferation 1157:1175 their proliferation 1157:1175 However, multimarker flow cytometry for CD133/LeX/NG2/CD140a combined with EdU incorporation revealed that NSC frequency diminished after H-I, whereas that of two multipotential progenitors and three unique glial-restricted precursors expanded, attributable to changes in their proliferation. 26063918 5 8 theme neurospheres 635:646 arg1 size 619:622 size 619:622 size 619:622 Similarly, the number and size of primary neurospheres produced from the injured SVZ increased approximately twofold versus controls, and, upon differentiation, more than twice as many neurospheres from the damaged brain were tripotential, suggesting an increase in neural stem cells (NSCs). 26063918 5 8 theme neurospheres 635:646 arg1 number 608:613 number 608:613 number 608:613 Similarly, the number and size of primary neurospheres produced from the injured SVZ increased approximately twofold versus controls, and, upon differentiation, more than twice as many neurospheres from the damaged brain were tripotential, suggesting an increase in neural stem cells (NSCs). 26063918 9 9 theme multipotential 1464:1477 arg1 progenitors 1508:1518 multipotential and bipotential intermediate progenitors 1464:1518 progenitors 1508:1518 Flow cytometry revealed that one subset of multipotential and bipotential intermediate progenitors did not increase after H-I, whereas another subset was amplified. 26063918 4 10 theme hemisphere 571:580 arg1 SVZ 552:554 the medial SVZ 541:554 the medial SVZ of the injured hemisphere 541:580 During recovery from H-I, the number of Ki67(+) cells in the medial SVZ of the injured hemisphere increased. 26063918 5 11 dep number 608:613 arg1 the 604:606 the 604:606 the 604:606 Similarly, the number and size of primary neurospheres produced from the injured SVZ increased approximately twofold versus controls, and, upon differentiation, more than twice as many neurospheres from the damaged brain were tripotential, suggesting an increase in neural stem cells (NSCs). 26063918 10 12 from H-I 1795:1797 arg1 recovery 1772:1779 acute recovery 1766:1779 acute recovery from neonatal H-I 1766:1797 Altogether, our studies demonstrate that neonatal H-I alters the composition of the SVZ and that LIF is a key regulator for a subset of intermediate progenitors that expand during acute recovery from neonatal H-I. 26063918 4 13 theme medial 545:550 arg1 SVZ 552:554 the medial SVZ 541:554 the medial SVZ of the injured hemisphere 541:580 During recovery from H-I, the number of Ki67(+) cells in the medial SVZ of the injured hemisphere increased. 26063918 1 14 theme Neonatal 80:87 arg1 cause 127:131 the leading cause 115:131 the leading cause of brain damage resulting from birth complications 115:182 Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) is the leading cause of brain damage resulting from birth complications. 26063918 1 14 theme Neonatal 80:87 arg1 H-I 107:109 H-I 107:109 H-I 107:109 Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) is the leading cause of brain damage resulting from birth complications. 26063918 1 14 theme Neonatal 80:87 arg1 hypoxia-ischemia 89:104 Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia 80:104 Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) 80:110 Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) is the leading cause of brain damage resulting from birth complications. 26063918 1 15 theme birth 164:168 arg1 complications 170:182 birth complications 164:182 birth complications 164:182 Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) is the leading cause of brain damage resulting from birth complications. 26063918 6 16 theme multimarker 894:904 arg1 cytometry 911:919 multimarker flow cytometry 894:919 multimarker flow cytometry for CD133/LeX/NG2/CD140a combined with EdU incorporation 894:976 However, multimarker flow cytometry for CD133/LeX/NG2/CD140a combined with EdU incorporation revealed that NSC frequency diminished after H-I, whereas that of two multipotential progenitors and three unique glial-restricted precursors expanded, attributable to changes in their proliferation. 26063918 2 17 theme neural 261:266 arg1 NPs 280:282 NPs 280:282 NPs 280:282 Studies in neonatal rats have shown that H-I acutely expands the numbers of neural precursors (NPs) within the subventricular zone (SVZ). 26063918 2 17 theme neural 261:266 arg1 precursors 268:277 neural precursors 261:277 neural precursors (NPs) 261:283 Studies in neonatal rats have shown that H-I acutely expands the numbers of neural precursors (NPs) within the subventricular zone (SVZ). 26063918 4 18 theme injured 563:569 arg1 hemisphere 571:580 the injured hemisphere 559:580 the injured hemisphere 559:580 During recovery from H-I, the number of Ki67(+) cells in the medial SVZ of the injured hemisphere increased. 26063918 4 19 from number 514:519 arg1 SVZ 552:554 the medial SVZ 541:554 the medial SVZ of the injured hemisphere 541:580 During recovery from H-I, the number of Ki67(+) cells in the medial SVZ of the injured hemisphere increased. 26063918 9 20 theme intermediate 1495:1506 arg1 progenitors 1508:1518 multipotential and bipotential intermediate progenitors 1464:1518 progenitors 1508:1518 Flow cytometry revealed that one subset of multipotential and bipotential intermediate progenitors did not increase after H-I, whereas another subset was amplified. 26063918 2 21 theme subventricular 296:309 arg1 SVZ 317:319 SVZ 317:319 SVZ 317:319 Studies in neonatal rats have shown that H-I acutely expands the numbers of neural precursors (NPs) within the subventricular zone (SVZ). 26063918 2 21 theme subventricular 296:309 arg1 zone 311:314 the subventricular zone 292:314 the subventricular zone (SVZ) 292:320 Studies in neonatal rats have shown that H-I acutely expands the numbers of neural precursors (NPs) within the subventricular zone (SVZ). 26063918 9 22 theme progenitors 1508:1518 arg1 subset 1454:1459 one subset 1450:1459 one subset of multipotential and bipotential intermediate progenitors 1450:1518 Flow cytometry revealed that one subset of multipotential and bipotential intermediate progenitors did not increase after H-I, whereas another subset was amplified. 26063918 0 23 theme neural 20:25 arg1 expansion 37:45 mouse neural precursor expansion 14:45 mouse neural precursor expansion 14:45 Mechanisms of mouse neural precursor expansion after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. 26063918 6 24 theme NSC 992:994 arg1 frequency 996:1004 NSC frequency 992:1004 NSC frequency 992:1004 However, multimarker flow cytometry for CD133/LeX/NG2/CD140a combined with EdU incorporation revealed that NSC frequency diminished after H-I, whereas that of two multipotential progenitors and three unique glial-restricted precursors expanded, attributable to changes in their proliferation. 26063918 5 25 theme neural 859:864 arg1 NSCs 878:881 NSCs 878:881 NSCs 878:881 Similarly, the number and size of primary neurospheres produced from the injured SVZ increased approximately twofold versus controls, and, upon differentiation, more than twice as many neurospheres from the damaged brain were tripotential, suggesting an increase in neural stem cells (NSCs). 26063918 5 25 theme neural 859:864 arg1 cells 871:875 neural stem cells 859:875 neural stem cells (NSCs) 859:882 Similarly, the number and size of primary neurospheres produced from the injured SVZ increased approximately twofold versus controls, and, upon differentiation, more than twice as many neurospheres from the damaged brain were tripotential, suggesting an increase in neural stem cells (NSCs). 26063918 3 26 theme leukemia 413:420 arg1 LIF 441:443 LIF 441:443 LIF 441:443 The aim of these studies was to establish which NPs expand after H-I and to determine how leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) insufficiency affects their response. 26063918 3 26 theme leukemia 413:420 arg1 factor 433:438 leukemia inhibitory factor 413:438 leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) insufficiency 413:458 The aim of these studies was to establish which NPs expand after H-I and to determine how leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) insufficiency affects their response. 26063918 3 27 theme studies 340:346 arg1 aim 327:329 The aim 323:329 The aim of these studies 323:346 The aim of these studies was to establish which NPs expand after H-I and to determine how leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) insufficiency affects their response. 26063918 2 28 theme precursors 268:277 arg1 numbers 250:256 the numbers 246:256 the numbers of neural precursors (NPs) 246:283 Studies in neonatal rats have shown that H-I acutely expands the numbers of neural precursors (NPs) within the subventricular zone (SVZ). 26063918 8 29 theme NP 1374:1375 arg1 response 1377:1384 the NP response 1370:1384 the NP response to H-I in LIF-haplodeficient mice 1370:1418 Therefore, we evaluated the NP response to H-I in LIF-haplodeficient mice. 26063918 5 30 theme stem 866:869 arg1 NSCs 878:881 NSCs 878:881 NSCs 878:881 Similarly, the number and size of primary neurospheres produced from the injured SVZ increased approximately twofold versus controls, and, upon differentiation, more than twice as many neurospheres from the damaged brain were tripotential, suggesting an increase in neural stem cells (NSCs). 26063918 5 30 theme stem 866:869 arg1 cells 871:875 neural stem cells 859:875 neural stem cells (NSCs) 859:882 Similarly, the number and size of primary neurospheres produced from the injured SVZ increased approximately twofold versus controls, and, upon differentiation, more than twice as many neurospheres from the damaged brain were tripotential, suggesting an increase in neural stem cells (NSCs). 26063918 4 31 from SVZ 552:554 arg1 number 514:519 the number 510:519 the number of Ki67(+) cells in the medial SVZ of the injured hemisphere 510:580 During recovery from H-I, the number of Ki67(+) cells in the medial SVZ of the injured hemisphere increased. 26063918 3 32 theme inhibitory 422:431 arg1 LIF 441:443 LIF 441:443 LIF 441:443 The aim of these studies was to establish which NPs expand after H-I and to determine how leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) insufficiency affects their response. 26063918 3 32 theme inhibitory 422:431 arg1 factor 433:438 leukemia inhibitory factor 413:438 leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) insufficiency 413:458 The aim of these studies was to establish which NPs expand after H-I and to determine how leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) insufficiency affects their response. 26063918 0 33 theme expansion 37:45 arg1 Mechanisms 0:9 Mechanisms 0:9 Mechanisms of mouse neural precursor expansion 0:45 Mechanisms of mouse neural precursor expansion after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. 26063918 9 34 theme Flow 1421:1424 arg1 cytometry 1426:1434 Flow cytometry 1421:1434 Flow cytometry 1421:1434 Flow cytometry revealed that one subset of multipotential and bipotential intermediate progenitors did not increase after H-I, whereas another subset was amplified. 26063918 10 35 theme neonatal 1786:1793 arg1 H-I 1795:1797 neonatal H-I 1786:1797 neonatal H-I 1786:1797 Altogether, our studies demonstrate that neonatal H-I alters the composition of the SVZ and that LIF is a key regulator for a subset of intermediate progenitors that expand during acute recovery from neonatal H-I. 26063918 10 36 theme progenitors 1735:1745 arg1 subset 1712:1717 a subset 1710:1717 a subset of intermediate progenitors that expand during acute recovery from neonatal H-I 1710:1797 Altogether, our studies demonstrate that neonatal H-I alters the composition of the SVZ and that LIF is a key regulator for a subset of intermediate progenitors that expand during acute recovery from neonatal H-I. 26063918 0 37 theme precursor 27:35 arg1 expansion 37:45 mouse neural precursor expansion 14:45 mouse neural precursor expansion 14:45 Mechanisms of mouse neural precursor expansion after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. 26063918 5 38 theme primary 627:633 arg1 neurospheres 635:646 primary neurospheres 627:646 primary neurospheres produced from the injured SVZ 627:676 Similarly, the number and size of primary neurospheres produced from the injured SVZ increased approximately twofold versus controls, and, upon differentiation, more than twice as many neurospheres from the damaged brain were tripotential, suggesting an increase in neural stem cells (NSCs). 26063918 10 39 theme intermediate 1722:1733 arg1 progenitors 1735:1745 intermediate progenitors 1722:1745 intermediate progenitors that expand during acute recovery from neonatal H-I 1722:1797 Altogether, our studies demonstrate that neonatal H-I alters the composition of the SVZ and that LIF is a key regulator for a subset of intermediate progenitors that expand during acute recovery from neonatal H-I. 26063918 7 40 theme CNTF 1223:1226 arg1 mRNA 1228:1231 CNTF mRNA 1223:1231 CNTF mRNA 1223:1231 By quantitative PCR, interleukin-6, LIF, and CNTF mRNA increased but with significantly different time courses, with LIF expression correlating best with NP expansion. 26063918 0 41 theme neonatal 53:60 arg1 hypoxia-ischemia 62:77 neonatal hypoxia-ischemia 53:77 neonatal hypoxia-ischemia 53:77 Mechanisms of mouse neural precursor expansion after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. 26063918 8 42 from response 1377:1384 arg1 mice 1415:1418 LIF-haplodeficient mice 1396:1418 LIF-haplodeficient mice 1396:1418 Therefore, we evaluated the NP response to H-I in LIF-haplodeficient mice. 26063918 7 43 theme LIF 1295:1297 arg1 expression 1299:1308 LIF expression 1295:1308 LIF expression 1295:1308 By quantitative PCR, interleukin-6, LIF, and CNTF mRNA increased but with significantly different time courses, with LIF expression correlating best with NP expansion. 26063918 10 44 theme SVZ 1670:1672 arg1 composition 1651:1661 the composition 1647:1661 the composition of the SVZ 1647:1672 Altogether, our studies demonstrate that neonatal H-I alters the composition of the SVZ and that LIF is a key regulator for a subset of intermediate progenitors that expand during acute recovery from neonatal H-I. 26063918 7 45 theme NP 1332:1333 arg1 expansion 1335:1343 NP expansion 1332:1343 NP expansion 1332:1343 By quantitative PCR, interleukin-6, LIF, and CNTF mRNA increased but with significantly different time courses, with LIF expression correlating best with NP expansion. 26063918 7 46 theme different 1266:1274 arg1 courses 1281:1287 significantly different time courses 1252:1287 significantly different time courses 1252:1287 By quantitative PCR, interleukin-6, LIF, and CNTF mRNA increased but with significantly different time courses, with LIF expression correlating best with NP expansion. 26063918 1 47 theme leading 119:125 arg1 cause 127:131 the leading cause 115:131 the leading cause of brain damage resulting from birth complications 115:182 Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) is the leading cause of brain damage resulting from birth complications. 26063918 1 47 theme leading 119:125 arg1 hypoxia-ischemia 89:104 Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia 80:104 Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) 80:110 Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) is the leading cause of brain damage resulting from birth complications. 26063918 10 48 theme key 1692:1694 arg1 regulator 1696:1704 a key regulator 1690:1704 a key regulator for a subset of intermediate progenitors that expand during acute recovery from neonatal H-I 1690:1797 Altogether, our studies demonstrate that neonatal H-I alters the composition of the SVZ and that LIF is a key regulator for a subset of intermediate progenitors that expand during acute recovery from neonatal H-I. 26063918 10 48 theme key 1692:1694 arg1 LIF 1683:1685 LIF 1683:1685 LIF 1683:1685 Altogether, our studies demonstrate that neonatal H-I alters the composition of the SVZ and that LIF is a key regulator for a subset of intermediate progenitors that expand during acute recovery from neonatal H-I. 26063918 6 49 theme glial-restricted 1092:1107 arg1 precursors 1109:1118 three unique glial-restricted precursors 1079:1118 three unique glial-restricted precursors 1079:1118 However, multimarker flow cytometry for CD133/LeX/NG2/CD140a combined with EdU incorporation revealed that NSC frequency diminished after H-I, whereas that of two multipotential progenitors and three unique glial-restricted precursors expanded, attributable to changes in their proliferation. 26063918 10 50 theme acute 1766:1770 arg1 recovery 1772:1779 acute recovery 1766:1779 acute recovery from neonatal H-I 1766:1797 Altogether, our studies demonstrate that neonatal H-I alters the composition of the SVZ and that LIF is a key regulator for a subset of intermediate progenitors that expand during acute recovery from neonatal H-I. 26063918 3 51 theme factor 433:438 arg1 insufficiency 446:458 leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) insufficiency 413:458 leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) insufficiency 413:458 The aim of these studies was to establish which NPs expand after H-I and to determine how leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) insufficiency affects their response. 26063918 4 52 theme cells 532:536 arg1 number 514:519 the number 510:519 the number of Ki67(+) cells in the medial SVZ of the injured hemisphere 510:580 During recovery from H-I, the number of Ki67(+) cells in the medial SVZ of the injured hemisphere increased. 26063918 6 53 theme unique 1085:1090 arg1 precursors 1109:1118 three unique glial-restricted precursors 1079:1118 three unique glial-restricted precursors 1079:1118 However, multimarker flow cytometry for CD133/LeX/NG2/CD140a combined with EdU incorporation revealed that NSC frequency diminished after H-I, whereas that of two multipotential progenitors and three unique glial-restricted precursors expanded, attributable to changes in their proliferation. 26063918 2 54 theme neonatal 196:203 arg1 rats 205:208 neonatal rats 196:208 neonatal rats 196:208 Studies in neonatal rats have shown that H-I acutely expands the numbers of neural precursors (NPs) within the subventricular zone (SVZ). 26063918 4 55 from H-I 505:507 arg1 recovery 491:498 recovery 491:498 recovery from H-I 491:507 During recovery from H-I, the number of Ki67(+) cells in the medial SVZ of the injured hemisphere increased. 26063918 5 56 theme damaged 800:806 arg1 brain 808:812 the damaged brain 796:812 the damaged brain 796:812 Similarly, the number and size of primary neurospheres produced from the injured SVZ increased approximately twofold versus controls, and, upon differentiation, more than twice as many neurospheres from the damaged brain were tripotential, suggesting an increase in neural stem cells (NSCs). 26063918 5 57 from increase 847:854 arg1 NSCs 878:881 NSCs 878:881 NSCs 878:881 Similarly, the number and size of primary neurospheres produced from the injured SVZ increased approximately twofold versus controls, and, upon differentiation, more than twice as many neurospheres from the damaged brain were tripotential, suggesting an increase in neural stem cells (NSCs). 26063918 5 57 from increase 847:854 arg1 cells 871:875 neural stem cells 859:875 neural stem cells (NSCs) 859:882 Similarly, the number and size of primary neurospheres produced from the injured SVZ increased approximately twofold versus controls, and, upon differentiation, more than twice as many neurospheres from the damaged brain were tripotential, suggesting an increase in neural stem cells (NSCs). 26063918 5 58 theme injured 666:672 arg1 SVZ 674:676 the injured SVZ 662:676 the injured SVZ 662:676 Similarly, the number and size of primary neurospheres produced from the injured SVZ increased approximately twofold versus controls, and, upon differentiation, more than twice as many neurospheres from the damaged brain were tripotential, suggesting an increase in neural stem cells (NSCs). 26063918 8 59 theme LIF-haplodeficient 1396:1413 arg1 mice 1415:1418 LIF-haplodeficient mice 1396:1418 LIF-haplodeficient mice 1396:1418 Therefore, we evaluated the NP response to H-I in LIF-haplodeficient mice. 26063918 7 60 theme time 1276:1279 arg1 courses 1281:1287 significantly different time courses 1252:1287 significantly different time courses 1252:1287 By quantitative PCR, interleukin-6, LIF, and CNTF mRNA increased but with significantly different time courses, with LIF expression correlating best with NP expansion. 26063918 10 61 theme neonatal 1627:1634 arg1 H-I 1636:1638 neonatal H-I 1627:1638 neonatal H-I 1627:1638 Altogether, our studies demonstrate that neonatal H-I alters the composition of the SVZ and that LIF is a key regulator for a subset of intermediate progenitors that expand during acute recovery from neonatal H-I. 26063918 1 62 theme brain 136:140 arg1 damage 142:147 brain damage 136:147 brain damage resulting from birth complications 136:182 Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) is the leading cause of brain damage resulting from birth complications. 26063918 5 63 theme many 773:776 arg1 neurospheres 778:789 many neurospheres 773:789 many neurospheres from the damaged brain 773:812 Similarly, the number and size of primary neurospheres produced from the injured SVZ increased approximately twofold versus controls, and, upon differentiation, more than twice as many neurospheres from the damaged brain were tripotential, suggesting an increase in neural stem cells (NSCs). 26063918 7 64 with courses 1281:1287 arg1 expression 1299:1308 LIF expression 1295:1308 LIF expression 1295:1308 By quantitative PCR, interleukin-6, LIF, and CNTF mRNA increased but with significantly different time courses, with LIF expression correlating best with NP expansion. 26063918 6 65 theme multipotential 1048:1061 arg1 progenitors 1063:1073 two multipotential progenitors 1044:1073 two multipotential progenitors 1044:1073 However, multimarker flow cytometry for CD133/LeX/NG2/CD140a combined with EdU incorporation revealed that NSC frequency diminished after H-I, whereas that of two multipotential progenitors and three unique glial-restricted precursors expanded, attributable to changes in their proliferation. 26063918 0 66 dep Mechanisms 0:9 arg1 hypoxia-ischemia 62:77 neonatal hypoxia-ischemia 53:77 neonatal hypoxia-ischemia 53:77 Mechanisms of mouse neural precursor expansion after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. 26063918 9 67 theme bipotential 1483:1493 arg1 progenitors 1508:1518 multipotential and bipotential intermediate progenitors 1464:1518 progenitors 1508:1518 Flow cytometry revealed that one subset of multipotential and bipotential intermediate progenitors did not increase after H-I, whereas another subset was amplified. 26063918 1 68 theme damage 142:147 arg1 cause 127:131 the leading cause 115:131 the leading cause of brain damage resulting from birth complications 115:182 Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) is the leading cause of brain damage resulting from birth complications. 26063918 1 68 theme damage 142:147 arg1 hypoxia-ischemia 89:104 Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia 80:104 Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) 80:110 Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) is the leading cause of brain damage resulting from birth complications. 26063918 6 69 theme flow 906:909 arg1 cytometry 911:919 multimarker flow cytometry 894:919 multimarker flow cytometry for CD133/LeX/NG2/CD140a combined with EdU incorporation 894:976 However, multimarker flow cytometry for CD133/LeX/NG2/CD140a combined with EdU incorporation revealed that NSC frequency diminished after H-I, whereas that of two multipotential progenitors and three unique glial-restricted precursors expanded, attributable to changes in their proliferation. 26452527 9 0 dep RESULTS 1074:1080 arg1 RESULTS 1074:1080 RESULTS 1074:1080 RESULTS 1074:1080 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 9 0 dep RESULTS 1074:1080 arg1 -4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one 1165:1208 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one 1149:1208 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one 1149:1208 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 9 0 dep RESULTS 1074:1080 arg1 campesterol 1243:1253 campesterol 1243:1253 campesterol 1243:1253 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 9 0 dep RESULTS 1074:1080 arg1 phytol 1141:1146 phytol 1141:1146 phytol 1141:1146 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 9 0 dep RESULTS 1074:1080 arg1 β-sitosterol 1211:1222 β-sitosterol 1211:1222 β-sitosterol 1211:1222 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 9 0 dep RESULTS 1074:1080 arg1 stigmasterol 1225:1236 stigmasterol 1225:1236 stigmasterol 1225:1236 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 4 1 theme polyamide 579:587 arg1 column 589:594 polyamide column 579:594 polyamide column 579:594 The n-butanol fraction was chromatographed on polyamide column. 26452527 6 2 theme necrosis 764:771 arg1 factor-α 773:780 serum tumor necrosis factor-α 752:780 serum tumor necrosis factor-α 752:780 The serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and immunoglobulin G levels were detected by ELISA. 26452527 8 3 theme DPPH 948:951 arg1 scavenging 961:970 DPPH radical scavenging 948:970 DPPH radical scavenging 948:970 DPPH radical scavenging, total reduction capability, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation of butanol fraction were evaluated. 26452527 13 4 theme % 1782:1782 arg1 decrease 1810:1817 an 11 and 20%, 8 and 13%, respectively, decrease 1770:1817 an 11 and 20%, 8 and 13%, respectively, decrease of TNF-α and IL-6 1770:1835 This was accompanied by an 11 and 20%, 8 and 13%, respectively, decrease of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as significant decrease in IgG serum levels. 26452527 12 5 dep extract 1614:1620 arg1 400 mg/kg 1631:1639 400 mg/kg 1631:1639 400 mg/kg 1631:1639 The hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) inhibited carrageenan-induced inflammation by 85 and 95%, respectively, 3 h post-carrageenan challenge. 26452527 12 5 dep extract 1614:1620 arg1 200 1623:1625 200 1623:1625 200 1623:1625 The hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) inhibited carrageenan-induced inflammation by 85 and 95%, respectively, 3 h post-carrageenan challenge. 26452527 5 6 theme extract 638:644 arg1 activity 619:626 The anti-inflammatory activity 597:626 The anti-inflammatory activity of hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) 597:670 The anti-inflammatory activity of hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema at 1, 2, and 3 h. 26452527 6 7 theme serum 752:756 arg1 factor-α 773:780 serum tumor necrosis factor-α 752:780 serum tumor necrosis factor-α 752:780 The serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and immunoglobulin G levels were detected by ELISA. 26452527 1 8 theme Cajanus 184:190 arg1 L 198:198 Cajanus cajan L 184:198 CONTEXT Cajanus cajan L. (Fabaceae) 176:210 CONTEXT Cajanus cajan L. (Fabaceae), a food crop, is widely used in traditional medicine. 26452527 12 9 theme post-carrageenan 1718:1733 arg1 challenge 1735:1743 3 h post-carrageenan challenge 1714:1743 3 h post-carrageenan challenge 1714:1743 The hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) inhibited carrageenan-induced inflammation by 85 and 95%, respectively, 3 h post-carrageenan challenge. 26452527 2 10 theme phytochemical 281:293 arg1 composition 295:305 The phytochemical composition 277:305 The phytochemical composition of C. cajan seeds 277:323 OBJECTIVES The phytochemical composition of C. cajan seeds and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities were studied. 26452527 15 11 theme IC50 2078:2081 arg1 value 2084:2088 inhibitory concentration (IC50) value 2052:2088 inhibitory concentration (IC50) value: 9.07 μg/ml 2052:2100 The butanol fraction showed DPPH radical scavenging (inhibitory concentration (IC50) value: 9.07 μg/ml). 26452527 12 12 theme hexane 1607:1612 arg1 extract 1614:1620 The hexane extract 1603:1620 The hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) 1603:1640 The hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) inhibited carrageenan-induced inflammation by 85 and 95%, respectively, 3 h post-carrageenan challenge. 26452527 8 13 theme total 973:977 arg1 capability 989:998 total reduction capability 973:998 total reduction capability 973:998 DPPH radical scavenging, total reduction capability, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation of butanol fraction were evaluated. 26452527 5 14 theme carrageenan-induced 696:714 arg1 edema 724:728 the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema 692:728 the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema 692:728 The anti-inflammatory activity of hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema at 1, 2, and 3 h. 26452527 15 15 theme concentration 2063:2075 arg1 value 2084:2088 inhibitory concentration (IC50) value 2052:2088 inhibitory concentration (IC50) value: 9.07 μg/ml 2052:2100 The butanol fraction showed DPPH radical scavenging (inhibitory concentration (IC50) value: 9.07 μg/ml). 26452527 5 16 theme paw 720:722 arg1 edema 724:728 the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema 692:728 the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema 692:728 The anti-inflammatory activity of hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema at 1, 2, and 3 h. 26452527 15 17 dep scavenging 2040:2049 arg1 value 2084:2088 inhibitory concentration (IC50) value 2052:2088 inhibitory concentration (IC50) value: 9.07 μg/ml 2052:2100 The butanol fraction showed DPPH radical scavenging (inhibitory concentration (IC50) value: 9.07 μg/ml). 26452527 6 18 theme factor-α 773:780 arg1 levels 819:824 The serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and immunoglobulin G levels 748:824 The serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and immunoglobulin G levels 748:824 The serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and immunoglobulin G levels were detected by ELISA. 26452527 13 19 theme significant 1849:1859 arg1 decrease 1861:1868 significant decrease 1849:1868 significant decrease in IgG serum levels 1849:1888 This was accompanied by an 11 and 20%, 8 and 13%, respectively, decrease of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as significant decrease in IgG serum levels. 26452527 12 20 theme h 1716:1716 arg1 challenge 1735:1743 3 h post-carrageenan challenge 1714:1743 3 h post-carrageenan challenge 1714:1743 The hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) inhibited carrageenan-induced inflammation by 85 and 95%, respectively, 3 h post-carrageenan challenge. 26452527 7 21 from test 934:937 arg1 mice 942:945 mice 942:945 mice 942:945 The hexane extract antinociceptive activity was determined by adopting the writhing test in mice. 26452527 0 22 theme activities 84:93 arg1 Assessment 0:9 Assessment 0:9 Assessment of anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities of Cajanus cajan L. seeds 0:119 Assessment of anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities of Cajanus cajan L. seeds cultivated in Egypt and its phytochemical composition. 26452527 11 23 theme first 1524:1528 arg1 time 1530:1533 the first time 1520:1533 the first time 1520:1533 For the first time, quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside is isolated from C. cajan plant. 26452527 0 24 theme Cajanus 98:104 arg1 seeds 115:119 Cajanus cajan L. seeds 98:119 Cajanus cajan L. seeds 98:119 Assessment of anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities of Cajanus cajan L. seeds cultivated in Egypt and its phytochemical composition. 26452527 0 25 theme L. 112:113 arg1 seeds 115:119 Cajanus cajan L. seeds 98:119 Cajanus cajan L. seeds 98:119 Assessment of anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities of Cajanus cajan L. seeds cultivated in Egypt and its phytochemical composition. 26452527 8 26 theme peroxidation 1025:1036 arg1 capability 989:998 total reduction capability 973:998 total reduction capability 973:998 DPPH radical scavenging, total reduction capability, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation of butanol fraction were evaluated. 26452527 8 26 theme peroxidation 1025:1036 arg1 inhibition 1005:1014 inhibition 1005:1014 inhibition of lipid peroxidation of butanol fraction 1005:1056 DPPH radical scavenging, total reduction capability, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation of butanol fraction were evaluated. 26452527 8 26 theme peroxidation 1025:1036 arg1 scavenging 961:970 DPPH radical scavenging 948:970 DPPH radical scavenging 948:970 DPPH radical scavenging, total reduction capability, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation of butanol fraction were evaluated. 26452527 4 27 theme n-butanol 537:545 arg1 fraction 547:554 The n-butanol fraction 533:554 The n-butanol fraction 533:554 The n-butanol fraction was chromatographed on polyamide column. 26452527 2 28 theme antioxidant 405:415 arg1 activities 417:426 the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities 343:426 the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities 343:426 OBJECTIVES The phytochemical composition of C. cajan seeds and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities were studied. 26452527 0 29 theme anti-inflammatory 14:30 arg1 activities 84:93 anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities 14:93 anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities of Cajanus cajan L. seeds 14:119 Assessment of anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities of Cajanus cajan L. seeds cultivated in Egypt and its phytochemical composition. 26452527 8 30 theme butanol 1041:1047 arg1 fraction 1049:1056 butanol fraction 1041:1056 butanol fraction 1041:1056 DPPH radical scavenging, total reduction capability, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation of butanol fraction were evaluated. 26452527 1 31 used used 236:239 arg2 CONTEXT 176:182 CONTEXT 176:182 CONTEXT Cajanus cajan L. (Fabaceae) 176:210 CONTEXT Cajanus cajan L. (Fabaceae), a food crop, is widely used in traditional medicine. 26452527 1 31 used used 236:239 arg2 Fabaceae 202:209 Fabaceae 202:209 Fabaceae 202:209 CONTEXT Cajanus cajan L. (Fabaceae), a food crop, is widely used in traditional medicine. 26452527 1 31 used used 236:239 arg2 crop 220:223 a food crop 213:223 a food crop 213:223 CONTEXT Cajanus cajan L. (Fabaceae), a food crop, is widely used in traditional medicine. 26452527 9 32 theme CONCLUSION 1086:1095 arg1 compounds 1123:1131 CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds 1086:1131 CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds 1086:1131 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 0 33 theme antinociceptive 33:47 arg1 activities 84:93 anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities 14:93 anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities of Cajanus cajan L. seeds 14:119 Assessment of anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities of Cajanus cajan L. seeds cultivated in Egypt and its phytochemical composition. 26452527 14 34 theme hexane 1901:1906 arg1 extract 1908:1914 hexane extract 1901:1914 hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) 1901:1934 Moreover, hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) decreased the number of writhings by 61 and 83%, respectively. 26452527 1 35 dep CONTEXT 176:182 arg1 L 198:198 Cajanus cajan L 184:198 CONTEXT Cajanus cajan L. (Fabaceae) 176:210 CONTEXT Cajanus cajan L. (Fabaceae), a food crop, is widely used in traditional medicine. 26452527 9 36 theme unsaponifiable 1108:1121 arg1 compounds 1123:1131 CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds 1086:1131 CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds 1086:1131 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 3 37 theme fatty 490:494 arg1 acids 496:500 fatty acids 490:500 fatty acids 490:500 MATERIALS AND METHODS Unsaponifiable matter and fatty acids were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. 26452527 0 38 theme immunomodulatory 50:65 arg1 activities 84:93 anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities 14:93 anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities of Cajanus cajan L. seeds 14:119 Assessment of anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities of Cajanus cajan L. seeds cultivated in Egypt and its phytochemical composition. 26452527 13 39 dep % 1782:1782 arg1 20 1780:1781 20 1780:1781 20 1780:1781 This was accompanied by an 11 and 20%, 8 and 13%, respectively, decrease of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as significant decrease in IgG serum levels. 26452527 13 39 dep % 1782:1782 arg1 11 1773:1774 11 1773:1774 11 1773:1774 This was accompanied by an 11 and 20%, 8 and 13%, respectively, decrease of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as significant decrease in IgG serum levels. 26452527 13 39 dep % 1782:1782 arg1 % 1793:1793 % 1793:1793 % 1793:1793 This was accompanied by an 11 and 20%, 8 and 13%, respectively, decrease of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as significant decrease in IgG serum levels. 26452527 6 40 theme immunoglobulin 802:815 arg1 G 817:817 immunoglobulin G 802:817 immunoglobulin G 802:817 The serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and immunoglobulin G levels were detected by ELISA. 26452527 14 41 theme writhings 1960:1968 arg1 number 1950:1955 the number 1946:1955 the number of writhings 1946:1968 Moreover, hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) decreased the number of writhings by 61 and 83%, respectively. 26452527 13 42 theme IgG 1873:1875 arg1 levels 1883:1888 IgG serum levels 1873:1888 IgG serum levels 1873:1888 This was accompanied by an 11 and 20%, 8 and 13%, respectively, decrease of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as significant decrease in IgG serum levels. 26452527 15 43 theme radical 2032:2038 arg1 scavenging 2040:2049 DPPH radical scavenging 2027:2049 DPPH radical scavenging (inhibitory concentration (IC50) value: 9.07 μg/ml) 2027:2101 The butanol fraction showed DPPH radical scavenging (inhibitory concentration (IC50) value: 9.07 μg/ml). 26452527 2 44 theme C. 310:311 arg1 seeds 319:323 C. cajan seeds 310:323 C. cajan seeds 310:323 OBJECTIVES The phytochemical composition of C. cajan seeds and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities were studied. 26452527 9 45 theme C. 1372:1373 arg1 seeds 1381:1385 C. cajan seeds 1372:1385 C. cajan seeds 1372:1385 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 15 46 theme butanol 2003:2009 arg1 fraction 2011:2018 The butanol fraction 1999:2018 The butanol fraction 1999:2018 The butanol fraction showed DPPH radical scavenging (inhibitory concentration (IC50) value: 9.07 μg/ml). 26452527 7 47 theme extract 861:867 arg1 activity 885:892 The hexane extract antinociceptive activity 850:892 The hexane extract antinociceptive activity 850:892 The hexane extract antinociceptive activity was determined by adopting the writhing test in mice. 26452527 9 48 theme seeds 1381:1385 arg1 extract 1361:1367 hexane extract 1354:1367 hexane extract of C. cajan seeds 1354:1385 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 13 49 dep % 1793:1793 arg1 8 1785:1785 8 1785:1785 8 1785:1785 This was accompanied by an 11 and 20%, 8 and 13%, respectively, decrease of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as significant decrease in IgG serum levels. 26452527 13 49 dep % 1793:1793 arg1 13 1791:1792 13 1791:1792 13 1791:1792 This was accompanied by an 11 and 20%, 8 and 13%, respectively, decrease of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as significant decrease in IgG serum levels. 26452527 9 50 theme 2,6-di- 1149:1155 arg1 RESULTS 1074:1080 RESULTS 1074:1080 RESULTS 1074:1080 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 9 50 theme 2,6-di- 1149:1155 arg1 -4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one 1165:1208 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one 1149:1208 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one 1149:1208 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 13 51 theme serum 1877:1881 arg1 levels 1883:1888 IgG serum levels 1873:1888 IgG serum levels 1873:1888 This was accompanied by an 11 and 20%, 8 and 13%, respectively, decrease of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as significant decrease in IgG serum levels. 26452527 9 52 theme t-butyl 1157:1163 arg1 RESULTS 1074:1080 RESULTS 1074:1080 RESULTS 1074:1080 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 9 52 theme t-butyl 1157:1163 arg1 -4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one 1165:1208 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one 1149:1208 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one 1149:1208 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 10 53 contain contains 1404:1411 arg2 quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside 1413:1445 quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside 1413:1445 quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside 1413:1445 n-BuOH fraction contains quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, orientin, vitexin, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, and isorhamnetin. 26452527 10 53 contain contains 1404:1411 arg2 quercetin 1467:1475 quercetin 1467:1475 quercetin 1467:1475 n-BuOH fraction contains quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, orientin, vitexin, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, and isorhamnetin. 26452527 10 53 contain contains 1404:1411 arg2 luteolin 1478:1485 luteolin 1478:1485 luteolin 1478:1485 n-BuOH fraction contains quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, orientin, vitexin, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, and isorhamnetin. 26452527 10 53 contain contains 1404:1411 arg2 isorhamnetin 1502:1513 isorhamnetin 1502:1513 isorhamnetin 1502:1513 n-BuOH fraction contains quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, orientin, vitexin, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, and isorhamnetin. 26452527 10 53 contain contains 1404:1411 arg1 fraction 1395:1402 n-BuOH fraction 1388:1402 n-BuOH fraction 1388:1402 n-BuOH fraction contains quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, orientin, vitexin, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, and isorhamnetin. 26452527 10 53 contain contains 1404:1411 arg2 orientin 1448:1455 orientin 1448:1455 orientin 1448:1455 n-BuOH fraction contains quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, orientin, vitexin, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, and isorhamnetin. 26452527 10 53 contain contains 1404:1411 arg2 vitexin 1458:1464 vitexin 1458:1464 vitexin 1458:1464 n-BuOH fraction contains quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, orientin, vitexin, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, and isorhamnetin. 26452527 10 53 contain contains 1404:1411 arg2 apigenin 1488:1495 apigenin 1488:1495 apigenin 1488:1495 n-BuOH fraction contains quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, orientin, vitexin, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, and isorhamnetin. 26452527 8 54 theme radical 953:959 arg1 scavenging 961:970 DPPH radical scavenging 948:970 DPPH radical scavenging 948:970 DPPH radical scavenging, total reduction capability, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation of butanol fraction were evaluated. 26452527 2 55 theme seeds 319:323 arg1 composition 295:305 The phytochemical composition 277:305 The phytochemical composition of C. cajan seeds 277:323 OBJECTIVES The phytochemical composition of C. cajan seeds and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities were studied. 26452527 5 56 theme hexane 631:636 arg1 extract 638:644 hexane extract 631:644 hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) 631:670 The anti-inflammatory activity of hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema at 1, 2, and 3 h. 26452527 6 57 theme tumor 758:762 arg1 factor-α 773:780 serum tumor necrosis factor-α 752:780 serum tumor necrosis factor-α 752:780 The serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and immunoglobulin G levels were detected by ELISA. 26452527 11 58 theme C. 1587:1588 arg1 plant 1596:1600 C. cajan plant 1587:1600 C. cajan plant 1587:1600 For the first time, quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside is isolated from C. cajan plant. 26452527 1 59 theme cajan 192:196 arg1 L 198:198 Cajanus cajan L 184:198 CONTEXT Cajanus cajan L. (Fabaceae) 176:210 CONTEXT Cajanus cajan L. (Fabaceae), a food crop, is widely used in traditional medicine. 26452527 8 60 theme reduction 979:987 arg1 capability 989:998 total reduction capability 973:998 total reduction capability 973:998 DPPH radical scavenging, total reduction capability, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation of butanol fraction were evaluated. 26452527 10 61 theme n-BuOH 1388:1393 arg1 fraction 1395:1402 n-BuOH fraction 1388:1402 n-BuOH fraction 1388:1402 n-BuOH fraction contains quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, orientin, vitexin, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, and isorhamnetin. 26452527 15 62 theme inhibitory 2052:2061 arg1 value 2084:2088 inhibitory concentration (IC50) value 2052:2088 inhibitory concentration (IC50) value: 9.07 μg/ml 2052:2100 The butanol fraction showed DPPH radical scavenging (inhibitory concentration (IC50) value: 9.07 μg/ml). 26452527 5 63 theme rat 716:718 arg1 edema 724:728 the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema 692:728 the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema 692:728 The anti-inflammatory activity of hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema at 1, 2, and 3 h. 26452527 0 64 theme phytochemical 149:161 arg1 composition 163:173 its phytochemical composition 145:173 its phytochemical composition 145:173 Assessment of anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities of Cajanus cajan L. seeds cultivated in Egypt and its phytochemical composition. 26452527 15 65 dep value 2084:2088 arg1 μg/ml 2096:2100 9.07 μg/ml 2091:2100 inhibitory concentration (IC50) value: 9.07 μg/ml 2052:2100 The butanol fraction showed DPPH radical scavenging (inhibitory concentration (IC50) value: 9.07 μg/ml). 26452527 2 66 dep OBJECTIVES 266:275 arg1 composition 295:305 The phytochemical composition 277:305 The phytochemical composition of C. cajan seeds 277:323 OBJECTIVES The phytochemical composition of C. cajan seeds and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities were studied. 26452527 0 67 theme antioxidant 72:82 arg1 activities 84:93 anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities 14:93 anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities of Cajanus cajan L. seeds 14:119 Assessment of anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities of Cajanus cajan L. seeds cultivated in Egypt and its phytochemical composition. 26452527 14 68 dep extract 1908:1914 arg1 400 mg/kg 1925:1933 400 mg/kg 1925:1933 400 mg/kg 1925:1933 Moreover, hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) decreased the number of writhings by 61 and 83%, respectively. 26452527 14 68 dep extract 1908:1914 arg1 200 1917:1919 200 1917:1919 200 1917:1919 Moreover, hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) decreased the number of writhings by 61 and 83%, respectively. 26452527 12 69 theme 3 1714:1714 arg1 h 1716:1716 h 1716:1716 h 1716:1716 The hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) inhibited carrageenan-induced inflammation by 85 and 95%, respectively, 3 h post-carrageenan challenge. 26452527 13 70 theme IL-6 1832:1835 arg1 decrease 1861:1868 significant decrease 1849:1868 significant decrease in IgG serum levels 1849:1888 This was accompanied by an 11 and 20%, 8 and 13%, respectively, decrease of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as significant decrease in IgG serum levels. 26452527 13 70 theme IL-6 1832:1835 arg1 decrease 1810:1817 an 11 and 20%, 8 and 13%, respectively, decrease 1770:1817 an 11 and 20%, 8 and 13%, respectively, decrease of TNF-α and IL-6 1770:1835 This was accompanied by an 11 and 20%, 8 and 13%, respectively, decrease of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as significant decrease in IgG serum levels. 26452527 9 71 theme fatty 1271:1275 arg1 acids 1277:1281 12 fatty acids 1268:1281 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) 1268:1333 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 9 71 theme fatty 1271:1275 arg1 acids 1328:1332 primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids 1284:1332 primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids 1284:1332 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 0 72 theme cajan 106:110 arg1 seeds 115:119 Cajanus cajan L. seeds 98:119 Cajanus cajan L. seeds 98:119 Assessment of anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities of Cajanus cajan L. seeds cultivated in Egypt and its phytochemical composition. 26452527 5 73 theme anti-inflammatory 601:617 arg1 activity 619:626 The anti-inflammatory activity 597:626 The anti-inflammatory activity of hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) 597:670 The anti-inflammatory activity of hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema at 1, 2, and 3 h. 26452527 0 74 theme seeds 115:119 arg1 activities 84:93 anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities 14:93 anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities of Cajanus cajan L. seeds 14:119 Assessment of anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities of Cajanus cajan L. seeds cultivated in Egypt and its phytochemical composition. 26452527 9 75 theme 9,12-octadecadienoic 1294:1313 arg1 acids 1277:1281 12 fatty acids 1268:1281 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) 1268:1333 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 9 75 theme 9,12-octadecadienoic 1294:1313 arg1 acids 1328:1332 primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids 1284:1332 primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids 1284:1332 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 8 76 theme lipid 1019:1023 arg1 peroxidation 1025:1036 lipid peroxidation 1019:1036 lipid peroxidation of butanol fraction 1019:1056 DPPH radical scavenging, total reduction capability, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation of butanol fraction were evaluated. 26452527 7 77 theme writhing 925:932 arg1 test 934:937 the writhing test 921:937 the writhing test in mice 921:945 The hexane extract antinociceptive activity was determined by adopting the writhing test in mice. 26452527 12 78 theme carrageenan-induced 1652:1670 arg1 inflammation 1672:1683 carrageenan-induced inflammation 1652:1683 carrageenan-induced inflammation 1652:1683 The hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) inhibited carrageenan-induced inflammation by 85 and 95%, respectively, 3 h post-carrageenan challenge. 26452527 13 79 theme TNF-α 1822:1826 arg1 decrease 1861:1868 significant decrease 1849:1868 significant decrease in IgG serum levels 1849:1888 This was accompanied by an 11 and 20%, 8 and 13%, respectively, decrease of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as significant decrease in IgG serum levels. 26452527 13 79 theme TNF-α 1822:1826 arg1 decrease 1810:1817 an 11 and 20%, 8 and 13%, respectively, decrease 1770:1817 an 11 and 20%, 8 and 13%, respectively, decrease of TNF-α and IL-6 1770:1835 This was accompanied by an 11 and 20%, 8 and 13%, respectively, decrease of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as significant decrease in IgG serum levels. 26452527 2 80 theme immunomodulatory 366:381 arg1 activities 417:426 the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities 343:426 the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities 343:426 OBJECTIVES The phytochemical composition of C. cajan seeds and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities were studied. 26452527 9 81 theme palmitic 1319:1326 arg1 acids 1277:1281 12 fatty acids 1268:1281 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) 1268:1333 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 9 81 theme palmitic 1319:1326 arg1 acids 1328:1332 primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids 1284:1332 primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids 1284:1332 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 13 82 from decrease 1861:1868 arg1 levels 1883:1888 IgG serum levels 1873:1888 IgG serum levels 1873:1888 This was accompanied by an 11 and 20%, 8 and 13%, respectively, decrease of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as significant decrease in IgG serum levels. 26452527 2 83 theme anti-inflammatory 347:363 arg1 activities 417:426 the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities 343:426 the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities 343:426 OBJECTIVES The phytochemical composition of C. cajan seeds and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities were studied. 26452527 1 84 theme traditional 244:254 arg1 medicine 256:263 traditional medicine 244:263 traditional medicine 244:263 CONTEXT Cajanus cajan L. (Fabaceae), a food crop, is widely used in traditional medicine. 26452527 8 85 theme fraction 1049:1056 arg1 peroxidation 1025:1036 lipid peroxidation 1019:1036 lipid peroxidation of butanol fraction 1019:1056 DPPH radical scavenging, total reduction capability, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation of butanol fraction were evaluated. 26452527 2 86 theme activities 417:426 arg1 evaluation 329:338 evaluation 329:338 evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities 329:426 OBJECTIVES The phytochemical composition of C. cajan seeds and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities were studied. 26452527 2 86 theme activities 417:426 arg1 OBJECTIVES 266:275 OBJECTIVES The phytochemical composition of C. cajan seeds and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities 266:426 OBJECTIVES 266:275 OBJECTIVES The phytochemical composition of C. cajan seeds and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities were studied. 26452527 11 87 attach isolated 1573:1580 arg2 quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside 1536:1568 quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside 1536:1568 quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside 1536:1568 For the first time, quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside is isolated from C. cajan plant. 26452527 11 87 attach isolated 1573:1580 arg1 plant 1596:1600 C. cajan plant 1587:1600 C. cajan plant 1587:1600 For the first time, quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside is isolated from C. cajan plant. 26452527 3 88 theme Unsaponifiable 464:477 arg1 matter 479:484 Unsaponifiable matter 464:484 Unsaponifiable matter 464:484 MATERIALS AND METHODS Unsaponifiable matter and fatty acids were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. 26452527 15 89 theme DPPH 2027:2030 arg1 scavenging 2040:2049 DPPH radical scavenging 2027:2049 DPPH radical scavenging (inhibitory concentration (IC50) value: 9.07 μg/ml) 2027:2101 The butanol fraction showed DPPH radical scavenging (inhibitory concentration (IC50) value: 9.07 μg/ml). 26452527 1 90 theme food 215:218 arg1 CONTEXT 176:182 CONTEXT 176:182 CONTEXT Cajanus cajan L. (Fabaceae) 176:210 CONTEXT Cajanus cajan L. (Fabaceae), a food crop, is widely used in traditional medicine. 26452527 1 90 theme food 215:218 arg1 crop 220:223 a food crop 213:223 a food crop 213:223 CONTEXT Cajanus cajan L. (Fabaceae), a food crop, is widely used in traditional medicine. 26452527 9 91 theme Twenty-one 1097:1106 arg1 compounds 1123:1131 CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds 1086:1131 CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds 1086:1131 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 2 92 theme antinociceptive 384:398 arg1 activities 417:426 the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities 343:426 the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities 343:426 OBJECTIVES The phytochemical composition of C. cajan seeds and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities were studied. 26452527 9 93 theme hexane 1354:1359 arg1 extract 1361:1367 hexane extract 1354:1367 hexane extract of C. cajan seeds 1354:1385 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 6 94 theme G 817:817 arg1 levels 819:824 The serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and immunoglobulin G levels 748:824 The serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and immunoglobulin G levels 748:824 The serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and immunoglobulin G levels were detected by ELISA. 26452527 5 95 dep extract 638:644 arg1 400 mg/kg 655:663 400 mg/kg 655:663 400 mg/kg 655:663 The anti-inflammatory activity of hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema at 1, 2, and 3 h. 26452527 5 95 dep extract 638:644 arg1 200 647:649 200 647:649 200 647:649 The anti-inflammatory activity of hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema at 1, 2, and 3 h. 26452527 5 95 dep extract 638:644 arg1 p.o. 666:669 p.o. 666:669 p.o. 666:669 The anti-inflammatory activity of hexane extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema at 1, 2, and 3 h. 26452527 11 96 theme cajan 1590:1594 arg1 plant 1596:1600 C. cajan plant 1587:1600 C. cajan plant 1587:1600 For the first time, quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside is isolated from C. cajan plant. 26452527 2 97 theme cajan 313:317 arg1 seeds 319:323 C. cajan seeds 310:323 C. cajan seeds 310:323 OBJECTIVES The phytochemical composition of C. cajan seeds and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities were studied. 26452527 7 98 theme antinociceptive 869:883 arg1 activity 885:892 The hexane extract antinociceptive activity 850:892 The hexane extract antinociceptive activity 850:892 The hexane extract antinociceptive activity was determined by adopting the writhing test in mice. 26452527 3 99 dep MATERIALS 442:450 arg1 matter 479:484 Unsaponifiable matter 464:484 Unsaponifiable matter 464:484 MATERIALS AND METHODS Unsaponifiable matter and fatty acids were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. 26452527 3 99 dep MATERIALS 442:450 arg1 acids 496:500 fatty acids 490:500 fatty acids 490:500 MATERIALS AND METHODS Unsaponifiable matter and fatty acids were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. 26452527 7 100 theme hexane 854:859 arg1 activity 885:892 The hexane extract antinociceptive activity 850:892 The hexane extract antinociceptive activity 850:892 The hexane extract antinociceptive activity was determined by adopting the writhing test in mice. 26452527 9 101 theme cajan 1375:1379 arg1 seeds 1381:1385 C. cajan seeds 1372:1385 C. cajan seeds 1372:1385 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Twenty-one unsaponifiable compounds (mainly phytol, 2,6-di-(t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol), as well as 12 fatty acids (primarily 9,12-octadecadienoic and palmitic acids) were identified in hexane extract of C. cajan seeds. 26452527 6 102 theme interleukin-6 783:795 arg1 levels 819:824 The serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and immunoglobulin G levels 748:824 The serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and immunoglobulin G levels 748:824 The serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and immunoglobulin G levels were detected by ELISA. 26452527 13 103 from decrease 1810:1817 arg1 levels 1883:1888 IgG serum levels 1873:1888 IgG serum levels 1873:1888 This was accompanied by an 11 and 20%, 8 and 13%, respectively, decrease of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as significant decrease in IgG serum levels. 24994773 12 0 dep Streptomyces 1548:1559 arg1 cinereospinus 1561:1573 cinereospinus 1561:1573 cinereospinus 1561:1573 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 15 1 theme G+C 1921:1923 arg1 % 1960:1960 70.7±0.3 mol% 1948:1960 70.7±0.3 mol% 1948:1960 The DNA G+C content determined was 70.7±0.3 mol%. 24994773 15 1 theme G+C 1921:1923 arg1 content 1925:1931 The DNA G+C content 1913:1931 The DNA G+C content determined 1913:1942 The DNA G+C content determined was 70.7±0.3 mol%. 24994773 12 2 theme Streptomyces 1663:1674 arg1 % 1712:1712 98.97 % 1706:1712 98.97 % 1706:1712 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 12 2 theme Streptomyces 1663:1674 arg1 T 1702:1702 T 1702:1702 T 1702:1702 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 12 2 theme Streptomyces 1663:1674 arg1 12757 1696:1700 Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757 1663:1700 Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %) 1663:1713 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 12 3 theme 16S 1472:1474 arg1 sequence 1486:1493 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1468:1493 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1468:1493 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 3 4 dep similarity 280:289 arg1 The 253:255 The 253:255 The 253:255 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137 were 100 % and 83±3.2 %, confirming that these two strains should be classified in the same species. 24994773 12 5 theme NBRC 1691:1694 arg1 % 1712:1712 98.97 % 1706:1712 98.97 % 1706:1712 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 12 5 theme NBRC 1691:1694 arg1 T 1702:1702 T 1702:1702 T 1702:1702 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 12 5 theme NBRC 1691:1694 arg1 12757 1696:1700 Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757 1663:1700 Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %) 1663:1713 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 12 6 theme gene 1481:1484 arg1 sequence 1486:1493 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1468:1493 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1468:1493 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 15 7 theme DNA 1917:1919 arg1 % 1960:1960 70.7±0.3 mol% 1948:1960 70.7±0.3 mol% 1948:1960 The DNA G+C content determined was 70.7±0.3 mol%. 24994773 15 7 theme DNA 1917:1919 arg1 content 1925:1931 The DNA G+C content 1913:1931 The DNA G+C content determined 1913:1942 The DNA G+C content determined was 70.7±0.3 mol%. 24994773 4 8 theme typhi 618:622 arg1 ATCC 624:627 Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430 607:633 Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430(T) 607:636 Strain MUSC 135(T) exhibited a broad-spectrum bacteriocin against the pathogens meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain ATCC BAA-44, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430(T) and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966(T). 24994773 4 8 theme typhi 618:622 arg1 T 635:635 T 635:635 T 635:635 Strain MUSC 135(T) exhibited a broad-spectrum bacteriocin against the pathogens meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain ATCC BAA-44, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430(T) and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966(T). 24994773 4 8 theme typhi 618:622 arg1 aureus 573:578 Staphylococcus aureus 558:578 Staphylococcus aureus 558:578 Strain MUSC 135(T) exhibited a broad-spectrum bacteriocin against the pathogens meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain ATCC BAA-44, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430(T) and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966(T). 24994773 3 9 theme rRNA 261:264 arg1 similarity 280:289 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 257:289 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 257:289 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137 were 100 % and 83±3.2 %, confirming that these two strains should be classified in the same species. 24994773 4 10 dep pathogens 527:535 arg1 MRSA 581:584 MRSA 581:584 MRSA 581:584 Strain MUSC 135(T) exhibited a broad-spectrum bacteriocin against the pathogens meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain ATCC BAA-44, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430(T) and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966(T). 24994773 4 10 dep pathogens 527:535 arg1 T 673:673 T 673:673 T 673:673 Strain MUSC 135(T) exhibited a broad-spectrum bacteriocin against the pathogens meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain ATCC BAA-44, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430(T) and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966(T). 24994773 4 10 dep pathogens 527:535 arg1 aureus 573:578 Staphylococcus aureus 558:578 Staphylococcus aureus 558:578 Strain MUSC 135(T) exhibited a broad-spectrum bacteriocin against the pathogens meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain ATCC BAA-44, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430(T) and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966(T). 24994773 4 10 dep pathogens 527:535 arg1 ATCC 624:627 Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430 607:633 Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430(T) 607:636 Strain MUSC 135(T) exhibited a broad-spectrum bacteriocin against the pathogens meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain ATCC BAA-44, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430(T) and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966(T). 24994773 4 10 dep pathogens 527:535 arg1 hydrophila 652:661 Aeromonas hydrophila 642:661 Aeromonas hydrophila 642:661 Strain MUSC 135(T) exhibited a broad-spectrum bacteriocin against the pathogens meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain ATCC BAA-44, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430(T) and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966(T). 24994773 2 11 theme mangrove 210:217 arg1 soil 219:222 mangrove soil 210:222 mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia 210:250 Two novel actinobacteria, strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137, were isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 24994773 3 12 theme sequence 271:278 arg1 similarity 280:289 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 257:289 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 257:289 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137 were 100 % and 83±3.2 %, confirming that these two strains should be classified in the same species. 24994773 15 13 theme mol 1957:1959 arg1 % 1960:1960 70.7±0.3 mol% 1948:1960 70.7±0.3 mol% 1948:1960 The DNA G+C content determined was 70.7±0.3 mol%. 24994773 15 13 theme mol 1957:1959 arg1 content 1925:1931 The DNA G+C content 1913:1931 The DNA G+C content determined 1913:1942 The DNA G+C content determined was 70.7±0.3 mol%. 24994773 5 14 theme properties 803:812 arg1 range 762:766 a range 760:766 a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Streptomyces 760:860 A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomy of MUSC 135(T), and it showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Streptomyces. 24994773 12 15 theme Phylogenetic 1437:1448 arg1 analysis 1450:1457 Phylogenetic analysis 1437:1457 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1437:1493 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 6 16 theme peptidoglycan 897:909 arg1 acid 875:878 The diamino acid 863:878 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 863:909 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 24994773 6 16 theme peptidoglycan 897:909 arg1 acid 933:936 ll-diaminopimelic acid 915:936 ll-diaminopimelic acid 915:936 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 24994773 18 17 theme  = MCCC 2156:2162 arg1 T 2187:2187 T 2187:2187 T 2187:2187 The type strain is MUSC 135(T) ( = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140(T)). 24994773 18 17 theme  = MCCC 2156:2162 arg1 42140 2181:2185  = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140 2156:2185  = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140(T) 2156:2188 The type strain is MUSC 135(T) ( = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140(T)). 24994773 5 18 theme polyphasic 679:688 arg1 approach 690:697 A polyphasic approach 677:697 A polyphasic approach 677:697 A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomy of MUSC 135(T), and it showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Streptomyces. 24994773 9 19 theme cellular 1157:1164 arg1 acids 1172:1176 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1141:1176 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) 1141:1186 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 19 theme cellular 1157:1164 arg1 anteiso-C15  1193:1204 anteiso-C15  1193:1204 anteiso-C15  1193:1204 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 19 theme cellular 1157:1164 arg1  0 1206:1207  0 1206:1207  0 1206:1207 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 19 theme cellular 1157:1164 arg1 iso-C16  1219:1226 iso-C16  1219:1226 iso-C16  1219:1226 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 19 theme cellular 1157:1164 arg1  0 1228:1229  0 1228:1229  0 1228:1229 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 19 theme cellular 1157:1164 arg1 % 1185:1185 >10.0 % 1179:1185 >10.0 % 1179:1185 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 19 theme cellular 1157:1164 arg1  0 1279:1280  0 1279:1280  0 1279:1280 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 19 theme cellular 1157:1164 arg1  0 1250:1251  0 1250:1251  0 1250:1251 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 5 20 theme genus 843:847 arg1 Streptomyces 849:860 the genus Streptomyces 839:860 the genus Streptomyces 839:860 A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomy of MUSC 135(T), and it showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Streptomyces. 24994773 14 21 theme DNA 1900:1902 arg1 profile 1904:1910 a unique DNA profile 1891:1910 a unique DNA profile 1891:1910 BOX-PCR fingerprint comparisons showed that MUSC 135(T) exhibited a unique DNA profile. 24994773 12 22 theme 99.18  1590:1595 arg1 similarity 1598:1607 99.18 % similarity 1590:1607 99.18 % similarity 1590:1607 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 12 22 theme 99.18  1590:1595 arg1 15397 1580:1584 Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397 1548:1584 Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity) 1548:1608 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 10 23 theme whole-cell 1296:1305 arg1 ribose 1319:1324 ribose 1319:1324 ribose 1319:1324 The whole-cell sugars were ribose, glucose and mannose. 24994773 10 23 theme whole-cell 1296:1305 arg1 sugars 1307:1312 The whole-cell sugars 1292:1312 The whole-cell sugars 1292:1312 The whole-cell sugars were ribose, glucose and mannose. 24994773 0 24 theme Streptomyces 0:11 arg1 pluripotens 13:23 Streptomyces pluripotens 0:23 Streptomyces pluripotens 0:23 Streptomyces pluripotens sp. 24994773 5 25 used used 703:706 arg2 approach 690:697 A polyphasic approach 677:697 A polyphasic approach 677:697 A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomy of MUSC 135(T), and it showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Streptomyces. 24994773 12 26 dep Streptomyces 1663:1674 arg1 coeruleofuscus 1676:1689 coeruleofuscus 1676:1689 coeruleofuscus 1676:1689 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 2 27 theme MUSC 181:184 arg1 137 186:188 MUSC 137 181:188 MUSC 137 181:188 Two novel actinobacteria, strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137, were isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 24994773 2 27 theme MUSC 181:184 arg1 actinobacteria 141:154 Two novel actinobacteria 131:154 Two novel actinobacteria 131:154 Two novel actinobacteria, strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137, were isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 24994773 16 28 theme name 2072:2075 arg1 sp 2102:2103 the name Streptomyces pluripotens sp 2068:2103 the name Streptomyces pluripotens sp 2068:2103 Based on our polyphasic study of MUSC 135(T), the strain merits assignment to a novel species, for which the name Streptomyces pluripotens sp. 24994773 12 29 theme related 1527:1533 arg1 15397 1580:1584 Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397 1548:1584 Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity) 1548:1608 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 12 29 theme related 1527:1533 arg1 strains 1535:1541 the most closely related strains 1510:1541 the most closely related strains 1510:1541 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 6 30 theme ll-diaminopimelic 915:931 arg1 acid 875:878 The diamino acid 863:878 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 863:909 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 24994773 6 30 theme ll-diaminopimelic 915:931 arg1 acid 933:936 ll-diaminopimelic acid 915:936 ll-diaminopimelic acid 915:936 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 24994773 12 31 theme Streptomyces 1548:1559 arg1 similarity 1598:1607 99.18 % similarity 1590:1607 99.18 % similarity 1590:1607 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 12 31 theme Streptomyces 1548:1559 arg1 T 1586:1586 T 1586:1586 T 1586:1586 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 12 31 theme Streptomyces 1548:1559 arg1 15397 1580:1584 Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397 1548:1584 Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity) 1548:1608 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 12 31 theme Streptomyces 1548:1559 arg1 strains 1535:1541 the most closely related strains 1510:1541 the most closely related strains 1510:1541 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 16 32 theme pluripotens 2090:2100 arg1 sp 2102:2103 the name Streptomyces pluripotens sp 2068:2103 the name Streptomyces pluripotens sp 2068:2103 Based on our polyphasic study of MUSC 135(T), the strain merits assignment to a novel species, for which the name Streptomyces pluripotens sp. 24994773 12 33 theme NBRC 1575:1578 arg1 similarity 1598:1607 99.18 % similarity 1590:1607 99.18 % similarity 1590:1607 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 12 33 theme NBRC 1575:1578 arg1 T 1586:1586 T 1586:1586 T 1586:1586 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 12 33 theme NBRC 1575:1578 arg1 15397 1580:1584 Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397 1548:1584 Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity) 1548:1608 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 12 33 theme NBRC 1575:1578 arg1 strains 1535:1541 the most closely related strains 1510:1541 the most closely related strains 1510:1541 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 0 34 dep sp 25:26 arg1 pluripotens 13:23 Streptomyces pluripotens 0:23 Streptomyces pluripotens 0:23 Streptomyces pluripotens sp. 24994773 1 35 theme bacteriocin-producing 37:57 arg1 streptomycete 59:71 a bacteriocin-producing streptomycete 35:71 a bacteriocin-producing streptomycete that inhibits meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 35:128 nov., a bacteriocin-producing streptomycete that inhibits meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 24994773 1 35 theme bacteriocin-producing 37:57 arg1 nov. 29:32 nov. 29:32 nov. 29:32 nov., a bacteriocin-producing streptomycete that inhibits meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 24994773 3 36 theme same 443:446 arg1 species 448:454 the same species 439:454 the same species 439:454 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137 were 100 % and 83±3.2 %, confirming that these two strains should be classified in the same species. 24994773 13 37 theme type 1776:1779 arg1 strains 1781:1787 closely related type strains 1760:1787 closely related type strains 1760:1787 DNA-DNA relatedness between MUSC 135(T) and closely related type strains ranged from 26.3±2.1 to 49.6±2.5 %. 24994773 12 38 theme rRNA 1476:1479 arg1 sequence 1486:1493 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1468:1493 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1468:1493 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 18 39 theme 1K00252 2164:2170 arg1 T 2187:2187 T 2187:2187 T 2187:2187 The type strain is MUSC 135(T) ( = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140(T)). 24994773 18 39 theme 1K00252 2164:2170 arg1 42140 2181:2185  = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140 2156:2185  = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140(T) 2156:2188 The type strain is MUSC 135(T) ( = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140(T)). 24994773 2 40 theme novel 135:139 arg1 137 186:188 MUSC 137 181:188 MUSC 137 181:188 Two novel actinobacteria, strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137, were isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 24994773 2 40 theme novel 135:139 arg1 actinobacteria 141:154 Two novel actinobacteria 131:154 Two novel actinobacteria 131:154 Two novel actinobacteria, strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137, were isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 24994773 2 40 theme novel 135:139 arg1 MUSC 165:168 strains MUSC 135 157:172 strains MUSC 135(T) 157:175 Two novel actinobacteria, strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137, were isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 24994773 16 41 theme novel 2043:2047 arg1 species 2049:2055 a novel species 2041:2055 a novel species 2041:2055 Based on our polyphasic study of MUSC 135(T), the strain merits assignment to a novel species, for which the name Streptomyces pluripotens sp. 24994773 14 42 theme BOX-PCR 1825:1831 arg1 comparisons 1845:1855 BOX-PCR fingerprint comparisons 1825:1855 BOX-PCR fingerprint comparisons 1825:1855 BOX-PCR fingerprint comparisons showed that MUSC 135(T) exhibited a unique DNA profile. 24994773 8 43 theme Polar 1006:1010 arg1 lipid 1035:1039 a lipid 1033:1039 a lipid 1033:1039 Polar lipids detected were a lipid, an aminolipid, a phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two glycolipids. 24994773 8 43 theme Polar 1006:1010 arg1 lipids 1012:1017 Polar lipids 1006:1017 Polar lipids detected 1006:1026 Polar lipids detected were a lipid, an aminolipid, a phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two glycolipids. 24994773 18 44 dep MUSC 2143:2146 arg1 T 2187:2187 T 2187:2187 T 2187:2187 The type strain is MUSC 135(T) ( = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140(T)). 24994773 18 44 dep MUSC 2143:2146 arg1 42140 2181:2185  = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140 2156:2185  = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140(T) 2156:2188 The type strain is MUSC 135(T) ( = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140(T)). 24994773 4 45 theme Salmonella 607:616 arg1 ATCC 624:627 Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430 607:633 Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430(T) 607:636 Strain MUSC 135(T) exhibited a broad-spectrum bacteriocin against the pathogens meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain ATCC BAA-44, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430(T) and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966(T). 24994773 4 45 theme Salmonella 607:616 arg1 T 635:635 T 635:635 T 635:635 Strain MUSC 135(T) exhibited a broad-spectrum bacteriocin against the pathogens meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain ATCC BAA-44, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430(T) and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966(T). 24994773 4 45 theme Salmonella 607:616 arg1 aureus 573:578 Staphylococcus aureus 558:578 Staphylococcus aureus 558:578 Strain MUSC 135(T) exhibited a broad-spectrum bacteriocin against the pathogens meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain ATCC BAA-44, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430(T) and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966(T). 24994773 5 46 with consistent 814:823 arg1 those 830:834 those 830:834 those 830:834 A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomy of MUSC 135(T), and it showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Streptomyces. 24994773 16 47 theme polyphasic 1976:1985 arg1 study 1987:1991 our polyphasic study 1972:1991 our polyphasic study of MUSC 135(T) 1972:2006 Based on our polyphasic study of MUSC 135(T), the strain merits assignment to a novel species, for which the name Streptomyces pluripotens sp. 24994773 14 48 theme fingerprint 1833:1843 arg1 comparisons 1845:1855 BOX-PCR fingerprint comparisons 1825:1855 BOX-PCR fingerprint comparisons 1825:1855 BOX-PCR fingerprint comparisons showed that MUSC 135(T) exhibited a unique DNA profile. 24994773 5 49 theme MUSC 733:736 arg1 taxonomy 721:728 the taxonomy 717:728 the taxonomy of MUSC 135(T) 717:743 A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomy of MUSC 135(T), and it showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Streptomyces. 24994773 3 50 theme gene 266:269 arg1 similarity 280:289 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 257:289 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 257:289 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137 were 100 % and 83±3.2 %, confirming that these two strains should be classified in the same species. 24994773 13 51 dep 49.6±2.5  1813:1821 arg1 to 1810:1811 to 1810:1811 to 1810:1811 DNA-DNA relatedness between MUSC 135(T) and closely related type strains ranged from 26.3±2.1 to 49.6±2.5 %. 24994773 7 52 theme predominant 943:953 arg1 menaquinones 955:966 The predominant menaquinones 939:966 The predominant menaquinones 939:966 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6), MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H8). 24994773 7 52 theme predominant 943:953 arg1 MK-9 973:976 MK-9 973:976 MK-9 973:976 The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6), MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H8). 24994773 3 53 theme 16S 257:259 arg1 similarity 280:289 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 257:289 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 257:289 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137 were 100 % and 83±3.2 %, confirming that these two strains should be classified in the same species. 24994773 4 54 theme strain 587:592 arg1 ATCC 594:597 strain ATCC BAA-44 587:604 strain ATCC BAA-44 587:604 Strain MUSC 135(T) exhibited a broad-spectrum bacteriocin against the pathogens meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain ATCC BAA-44, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430(T) and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966(T). 24994773 12 55 dep Streptomyces 1611:1622 arg1 mexicanus 1624:1632 mexicanus 1624:1632 mexicanus 1624:1632 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 13 56 theme related 1768:1774 arg1 strains 1781:1787 closely related type strains 1760:1787 closely related type strains 1760:1787 DNA-DNA relatedness between MUSC 135(T) and closely related type strains ranged from 26.3±2.1 to 49.6±2.5 %. 24994773 5 57 theme phylogenetic 771:782 arg1 properties 803:812 phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties 771:812 phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Streptomyces 771:860 A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomy of MUSC 135(T), and it showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Streptomyces. 24994773 3 58 theme DNA-DNA 295:301 arg1 relatedness 303:313 DNA-DNA relatedness 295:313 DNA-DNA relatedness 295:313 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137 were 100 % and 83±3.2 %, confirming that these two strains should be classified in the same species. 24994773 4 59 dep aureus 573:578 arg1 ATCC 663:666 ATCC 7966 663:671 ATCC 7966 663:671 Strain MUSC 135(T) exhibited a broad-spectrum bacteriocin against the pathogens meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain ATCC BAA-44, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430(T) and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966(T). 24994773 4 59 dep aureus 573:578 arg1 ATCC 594:597 strain ATCC BAA-44 587:604 strain ATCC BAA-44 587:604 Strain MUSC 135(T) exhibited a broad-spectrum bacteriocin against the pathogens meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain ATCC BAA-44, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430(T) and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966(T). 24994773 5 60 theme chemotaxonomic 788:801 arg1 properties 803:812 phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties 771:812 phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Streptomyces 771:860 A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomy of MUSC 135(T), and it showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Streptomyces. 24994773 6 61 theme cell-wall 887:895 arg1 peptidoglycan 897:909 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 883:909 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 883:909 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 24994773 13 62 theme DNA-DNA 1716:1722 arg1 relatedness 1724:1734 DNA-DNA relatedness 1716:1734 DNA-DNA relatedness between MUSC 135(T) and closely related type strains 1716:1787 DNA-DNA relatedness between MUSC 135(T) and closely related type strains ranged from 26.3±2.1 to 49.6±2.5 %. 24994773 12 63 theme Streptomyces 1611:1622 arg1 T 1646:1646 T 1646:1646 T 1646:1646 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 12 63 theme Streptomyces 1611:1622 arg1 100915 1639:1644 Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915 1611:1644 Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) 1611:1657 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 12 63 theme Streptomyces 1611:1622 arg1 % 1656:1656 99.17 % 1650:1656 99.17 % 1650:1656 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 4 64 theme Strain 457:462 arg1 MUSC 464:467 Strain MUSC 135 457:471 Strain MUSC 135(T) 457:474 Strain MUSC 135(T) exhibited a broad-spectrum bacteriocin against the pathogens meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain ATCC BAA-44, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430(T) and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966(T). 24994773 4 64 theme Strain 457:462 arg1 T 473:473 T 473:473 T 473:473 Strain MUSC 135(T) exhibited a broad-spectrum bacteriocin against the pathogens meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain ATCC BAA-44, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430(T) and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966(T). 24994773 11 65 theme genus 1417:1421 arg1 Streptomyces 1423:1434 the genus Streptomyces 1413:1434 the genus Streptomyces 1413:1434 These results suggested that MUSC 135(T) should be placed within the genus Streptomyces. 24994773 9 66 theme predominant 1145:1155 arg1 acids 1172:1176 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1141:1176 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) 1141:1186 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 66 theme predominant 1145:1155 arg1 anteiso-C15  1193:1204 anteiso-C15  1193:1204 anteiso-C15  1193:1204 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 66 theme predominant 1145:1155 arg1  0 1206:1207  0 1206:1207  0 1206:1207 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 66 theme predominant 1145:1155 arg1 iso-C16  1219:1226 iso-C16  1219:1226 iso-C16  1219:1226 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 66 theme predominant 1145:1155 arg1  0 1228:1229  0 1228:1229  0 1228:1229 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 66 theme predominant 1145:1155 arg1 % 1185:1185 >10.0 % 1179:1185 >10.0 % 1179:1185 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 66 theme predominant 1145:1155 arg1  0 1279:1280  0 1279:1280  0 1279:1280 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 66 theme predominant 1145:1155 arg1  0 1250:1251  0 1250:1251  0 1250:1251 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 12 67 theme NBRC 1634:1637 arg1 T 1646:1646 T 1646:1646 T 1646:1646 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 12 67 theme NBRC 1634:1637 arg1 100915 1639:1644 Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915 1611:1644 Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) 1611:1657 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 12 67 theme NBRC 1634:1637 arg1 % 1656:1656 99.17 % 1650:1656 99.17 % 1650:1656 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 6 68 theme diamino 867:873 arg1 acid 875:878 The diamino acid 863:878 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan 863:909 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 24994773 6 68 theme diamino 867:873 arg1 acid 933:936 ll-diaminopimelic acid 915:936 ll-diaminopimelic acid 915:936 The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. 24994773 18 69 theme  = DSM 2174:2179 arg1 T 2187:2187 T 2187:2187 T 2187:2187 The type strain is MUSC 135(T) ( = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140(T)). 24994773 18 69 theme  = DSM 2174:2179 arg1 42140 2181:2185  = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140 2156:2185  = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140(T) 2156:2188 The type strain is MUSC 135(T) ( = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140(T)). 24994773 9 70 theme fatty 1166:1170 arg1 acids 1172:1176 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1141:1176 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) 1141:1186 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 70 theme fatty 1166:1170 arg1 anteiso-C15  1193:1204 anteiso-C15  1193:1204 anteiso-C15  1193:1204 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 70 theme fatty 1166:1170 arg1  0 1206:1207  0 1206:1207  0 1206:1207 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 70 theme fatty 1166:1170 arg1 iso-C16  1219:1226 iso-C16  1219:1226 iso-C16  1219:1226 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 70 theme fatty 1166:1170 arg1  0 1228:1229  0 1228:1229  0 1228:1229 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 70 theme fatty 1166:1170 arg1 % 1185:1185 >10.0 % 1179:1185 >10.0 % 1179:1185 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 70 theme fatty 1166:1170 arg1  0 1279:1280  0 1279:1280  0 1279:1280 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 70 theme fatty 1166:1170 arg1  0 1250:1251  0 1250:1251  0 1250:1251 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 12 71 theme % 1596:1596 arg1 similarity 1598:1607 99.18 % similarity 1590:1607 99.18 % similarity 1590:1607 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 12 71 theme % 1596:1596 arg1 15397 1580:1584 Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397 1548:1584 Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity) 1548:1608 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strains were Streptomyces cinereospinus NBRC 15397(T) (99.18 % similarity), Streptomyces mexicanus NBRC 100915(T) (99.17 %) and Streptomyces coeruleofuscus NBRC 12757(T) (98.97 %). 24994773 2 72 attach isolated 196:203 arg2 137 186:188 MUSC 137 181:188 MUSC 137 181:188 Two novel actinobacteria, strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137, were isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 24994773 2 72 attach isolated 196:203 arg1 soil 219:222 mangrove soil 210:222 mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia 210:250 Two novel actinobacteria, strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137, were isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 24994773 2 72 attach isolated 196:203 arg2 actinobacteria 141:154 Two novel actinobacteria 131:154 Two novel actinobacteria 131:154 Two novel actinobacteria, strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137, were isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 24994773 2 72 attach isolated 196:203 arg2 MUSC 165:168 strains MUSC 135 157:172 strains MUSC 135(T) 157:175 Two novel actinobacteria, strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137, were isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 24994773 9 73 dep anteiso-C15  1193:1204 arg1  0 1279:1280  0 1279:1280  0 1279:1280 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 73 dep anteiso-C15  1193:1204 arg1 % 1237:1237 18.0 % 1232:1237 18.0 % 1232:1237 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 73 dep anteiso-C15  1193:1204 arg1 anteiso-C15  1193:1204 anteiso-C15  1193:1204 anteiso-C15  1193:1204 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 73 dep anteiso-C15  1193:1204 arg1  0 1206:1207  0 1206:1207  0 1206:1207 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 73 dep anteiso-C15  1193:1204 arg1 % 1259:1259 12.2 % 1254:1259 12.2 % 1254:1259 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 73 dep anteiso-C15  1193:1204 arg1 iso-C16  1219:1226 iso-C16  1219:1226 iso-C16  1219:1226 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 73 dep anteiso-C15  1193:1204 arg1  0 1228:1229  0 1228:1229  0 1228:1229 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 73 dep anteiso-C15  1193:1204 arg1 % 1288:1288 11.6 % 1283:1288 11.6 % 1283:1288 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 73 dep anteiso-C15  1193:1204 arg1 acids 1172:1176 The predominant cellular fatty acids 1141:1176 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) 1141:1186 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 73 dep anteiso-C15  1193:1204 arg1  0 1250:1251  0 1250:1251  0 1250:1251 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 9 73 dep anteiso-C15  1193:1204 arg1 % 1215:1215 20.8 % 1210:1215 20.8 % 1210:1215 The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (18.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.2 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (11.6 %). 24994773 14 74 theme unique 1893:1898 arg1 profile 1904:1910 a unique DNA profile 1891:1910 a unique DNA profile 1891:1910 BOX-PCR fingerprint comparisons showed that MUSC 135(T) exhibited a unique DNA profile. 24994773 5 75 theme consistent 814:823 arg1 properties 803:812 phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties 771:812 phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Streptomyces 771:860 A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomy of MUSC 135(T), and it showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Streptomyces. 24994773 2 76 from Lumpur 235:240 arg1 soil 219:222 mangrove soil 210:222 mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia 210:250 Two novel actinobacteria, strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137, were isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 24994773 3 77 theme MUSC 347:350 arg1 137 352:354 MUSC 137 347:354 MUSC 137 347:354 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137 were 100 % and 83±3.2 %, confirming that these two strains should be classified in the same species. 24994773 4 78 theme broad-spectrum 488:501 arg1 bacteriocin 503:513 a broad-spectrum bacteriocin 486:513 a broad-spectrum bacteriocin against the pathogens meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain ATCC BAA-44, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430(T) and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966(T) 486:674 Strain MUSC 135(T) exhibited a broad-spectrum bacteriocin against the pathogens meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain ATCC BAA-44, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430(T) and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966(T). 24994773 16 79 theme MUSC 1996:1999 arg1 study 1987:1991 our polyphasic study 1972:1991 our polyphasic study of MUSC 135(T) 1972:2006 Based on our polyphasic study of MUSC 135(T), the strain merits assignment to a novel species, for which the name Streptomyces pluripotens sp. 24994773 14 80 theme MUSC 1869:1872 arg1 T 1878:1878 T 1878:1878 T 1878:1878 BOX-PCR fingerprint comparisons showed that MUSC 135(T) exhibited a unique DNA profile. 24994773 14 80 theme MUSC 1869:1872 arg1 135 1874:1876 MUSC 135 1869:1876 MUSC 135(T) 1869:1879 BOX-PCR fingerprint comparisons showed that MUSC 135(T) exhibited a unique DNA profile. 24994773 2 81 theme strains 157:163 arg1 actinobacteria 141:154 Two novel actinobacteria 131:154 Two novel actinobacteria 131:154 Two novel actinobacteria, strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137, were isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 24994773 2 81 theme strains 157:163 arg1 MUSC 165:168 strains MUSC 135 157:172 strains MUSC 135(T) 157:175 Two novel actinobacteria, strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137, were isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 24994773 2 81 theme strains 157:163 arg1 T 174:174 T 174:174 T 174:174 Two novel actinobacteria, strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137, were isolated from mangrove soil at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. 24994773 16 82 theme Streptomyces 2077:2088 arg1 sp 2102:2103 the name Streptomyces pluripotens sp 2068:2103 the name Streptomyces pluripotens sp 2068:2103 Based on our polyphasic study of MUSC 135(T), the strain merits assignment to a novel species, for which the name Streptomyces pluripotens sp. 24994773 3 83 dep strains 323:329 arg1 137 352:354 MUSC 137 347:354 MUSC 137 347:354 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137 were 100 % and 83±3.2 %, confirming that these two strains should be classified in the same species. 24994773 3 83 dep strains 323:329 arg1 MUSC 331:334 MUSC 135 331:338 MUSC 135(T) 331:341 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137 were 100 % and 83±3.2 %, confirming that these two strains should be classified in the same species. 24994773 3 83 dep strains 323:329 arg1 T 340:340 T 340:340 T 340:340 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA-DNA relatedness between strains MUSC 135(T) and MUSC 137 were 100 % and 83±3.2 %, confirming that these two strains should be classified in the same species. 24994773 18 84 theme T 2172:2172 arg1 T 2187:2187 T 2187:2187 T 2187:2187 The type strain is MUSC 135(T) ( = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140(T)). 24994773 18 84 theme T 2172:2172 arg1 42140 2181:2185  = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140 2156:2185  = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140(T) 2156:2188 The type strain is MUSC 135(T) ( = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140(T)). 24994773 18 85 theme type 2128:2131 arg1 MUSC 2143:2146 MUSC 135 2143:2150 MUSC 135(T) ( = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140(T)) 2143:2189 The type strain is MUSC 135(T) ( = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140(T)). 24994773 18 85 theme type 2128:2131 arg1 strain 2133:2138 The type strain 2124:2138 The type strain 2124:2138 The type strain is MUSC 135(T) ( = MCCC 1K00252(T) = DSM 42140(T)). 24994773 11 86 theme MUSC 1377:1380 arg1 T 1386:1386 T 1386:1386 T 1386:1386 These results suggested that MUSC 135(T) should be placed within the genus Streptomyces. 24994773 11 86 theme MUSC 1377:1380 arg1 135 1382:1384 MUSC 135 1377:1384 MUSC 135(T) 1377:1387 These results suggested that MUSC 135(T) should be placed within the genus Streptomyces. 26285832 6 0 theme 5th 818:820 arg1 weeks 822:826 4th and 5th weeks 810:826 4th and 5th weeks of the regimen 810:841 Oral glucose tolerance tests and meal tolerance tests were performed after 4th and 5th weeks of the regimen, respectively. 26285832 8 1 from composition 1046:1056 arg1 liver 1085:1089 liver 1085:1089 liver 1085:1089 Blood, tissues and organs were collected for analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues. 26285832 8 1 from composition 1046:1056 arg1 tissues 1103:1109 adipose tissues 1095:1109 adipose tissues 1095:1109 Blood, tissues and organs were collected for analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues. 26285832 3 2 theme partitioning 469:480 arg1 development 435:445 the development 431:445 the development of fat deposition and partitioning in response to high-fat and/or HS feeding 431:522 We aimed to determine the effects of high protein intake on the development of fat deposition and partitioning in response to high-fat and/or HS feeding. 26285832 8 3 theme metabolites 1015:1025 arg1 analysis 991:998 analysis 991:998 analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues 991:1109 Blood, tissues and organs were collected for analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues. 26285832 6 4 theme 4th 810:812 arg1 weeks 822:826 4th and 5th weeks 810:826 4th and 5th weeks of the regimen 810:841 Oral glucose tolerance tests and meal tolerance tests were performed after 4th and 5th weeks of the regimen, respectively. 26285832 4 5 theme male 549:552 arg1 rats 561:564 thirty adult male Wistar rats 536:564 thirty adult male Wistar rats 536:564 A total of thirty adult male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the six dietary regimens with low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents for 5 weeks. 26285832 10 6 theme high-protein 1222:1233 arg1 diets 1235:1239 high-protein diets 1222:1239 high-protein diets 1222:1239 However, high-protein diets reduced by 20 % the adiposity gain induced by HS and high-sucrose high-fat (HS-HF) diets. 26285832 3 7 theme HS 513:514 arg1 feeding 516:522 high-fat and/or HS feeding 497:522 feeding 516:522 We aimed to determine the effects of high protein intake on the development of fat deposition and partitioning in response to high-fat and/or HS feeding. 26285832 8 8 theme hormones 1031:1038 arg1 analysis 991:998 analysis 991:998 analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues 991:1109 Blood, tissues and organs were collected for analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues. 26285832 9 9 located observed 1128:1135 arg2 changes 1115:1121 No changes 1112:1121 No changes 1112:1121 No changes were observed in cumulative energy intake and BW gain after 5 weeks of dietary treatment. 26285832 9 9 located observed 1128:1135 arg1 intake 1158:1163 cumulative energy intake 1140:1163 cumulative energy intake 1140:1163 No changes were observed in cumulative energy intake and BW gain after 5 weeks of dietary treatment. 26285832 9 9 located observed 1128:1135 arg1 gain 1172:1175 BW gain 1169:1175 BW gain 1169:1175 No changes were observed in cumulative energy intake and BW gain after 5 weeks of dietary treatment. 26285832 4 10 theme dietary 598:604 arg1 regimens 606:613 the six dietary regimens 590:613 the six dietary regimens with low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents for 5 weeks 590:677 A total of thirty adult male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the six dietary regimens with low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents for 5 weeks. 26285832 3 11 from development 435:445 arg1 response 485:492 response 485:492 response to high-fat and/or HS feeding 485:522 We aimed to determine the effects of high protein intake on the development of fat deposition and partitioning in response to high-fat and/or HS feeding. 26285832 3 12 theme high-fat 497:504 arg1 feeding 516:522 high-fat and/or HS feeding 497:522 feeding 516:522 We aimed to determine the effects of high protein intake on the development of fat deposition and partitioning in response to high-fat and/or HS feeding. 26285832 8 13 theme body 1041:1044 arg1 composition 1046:1056 body composition 1041:1056 body composition 1041:1056 Blood, tissues and organs were collected for analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues. 26285832 12 14 dep ketogenesis 1642:1652 arg1 indicated 1658:1666 indicated 1658:1666 indicated by plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels 1658:1701 Moreover, ketogenesis, as indicated by plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels, was higher in HS-HF-fed mice that were also fed high protein levels. 26285832 11 15 theme high 1390:1393 arg1 intake 1403:1408 high protein intake 1390:1408 high protein intake 1390:1408 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 1 16 theme carbohydrate 169:180 arg1 context 153:159 the context 149:159 the context of high carbohydrate and Western diets 149:198 High-protein diets are known to reduce adiposity in the context of high carbohydrate and Western diets. 26285832 11 17 theme factor 1610:1615 arg1 expressions 1466:1476 mRNA expressions 1461:1476 mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c) 1461:1629 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 7 18 theme calibrated 929:938 arg1 meal 940:943 a calibrated meal 927:943 a calibrated meal 927:943 At the end of the study, the rats were killed 2 h after ingestion of a calibrated meal. 26285832 1 19 theme Western 186:192 arg1 diets 194:198 Western diets 186:198 Western diets 186:198 High-protein diets are known to reduce adiposity in the context of high carbohydrate and Western diets. 26285832 13 20 from ketogenesis 1898:1908 arg1 liver 1917:1921 the liver 1913:1921 the liver 1913:1921 Taken together, these results suggest that high-protein diets may reduce adiposity by inhibiting lipogenesis and stimulating ketogenesis in the liver. 26285832 2 21 theme few 210:212 arg1 studies 214:220 few studies 210:220 few studies 210:220 However, few studies have investigated the specific high-protein effect on lipogenesis induced by a high-sucrose (HS) diet or fat deposition induced by high-fat feeding. 26285832 8 22 from tissues 1103:1109 arg1 analysis 991:998 analysis 991:998 analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues 991:1109 Blood, tissues and organs were collected for analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues. 26285832 12 23 theme protein 1757:1763 arg1 levels 1765:1770 high protein levels 1752:1770 high protein levels 1752:1770 Moreover, ketogenesis, as indicated by plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels, was higher in HS-HF-fed mice that were also fed high protein levels. 26285832 6 24 theme regimen 835:841 arg1 weeks 822:826 4th and 5th weeks 810:826 4th and 5th weeks of the regimen 810:841 Oral glucose tolerance tests and meal tolerance tests were performed after 4th and 5th weeks of the regimen, respectively. 26285832 4 25 theme sucrose 642:648 arg1 contents 658:665 low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents 620:665 low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents 620:665 A total of thirty adult male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the six dietary regimens with low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents for 5 weeks. 26285832 2 26 from effect 266:271 arg1 lipogenesis 276:286 lipogenesis 276:286 lipogenesis induced by a high-sucrose (HS) diet or fat deposition induced by high-fat feeding 276:368 However, few studies have investigated the specific high-protein effect on lipogenesis induced by a high-sucrose (HS) diet or fat deposition induced by high-fat feeding. 26285832 4 27 theme fat 654:656 arg1 contents 658:665 low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents 620:665 low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents 620:665 A total of thirty adult male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the six dietary regimens with low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents for 5 weeks. 26285832 5 28 theme Body 680:683 arg1 BW 693:694 BW 693:694 BW 693:694 Body weight (BW) and food intake were measured weekly. 26285832 5 28 theme Body 680:683 arg1 weight 685:690 Body weight 680:690 Body weight (BW) 680:695 Body weight (BW) and food intake were measured weekly. 26285832 4 29 theme protein 633:639 arg1 contents 658:665 low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents 620:665 low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents 620:665 A total of thirty adult male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the six dietary regimens with low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents for 5 weeks. 26285832 11 30 theme binding 1588:1594 arg1 factor 1610:1615 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c 1562:1618 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c) 1562:1629 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 11 30 theme binding 1588:1594 arg1 Srebf-1c 1621:1628 Srebf-1c 1621:1628 Srebf-1c 1621:1628 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 0 31 theme high-sucrose 70:81 arg1 diet 83:86 high-fat and high-sucrose diet 57:86 high-fat and high-sucrose diet in rats 57:94 High dietary protein decreases fat deposition induced by high-fat and high-sucrose diet in rats. 26285832 9 32 theme cumulative 1140:1149 arg1 intake 1158:1163 cumulative energy intake 1140:1163 cumulative energy intake 1140:1163 No changes were observed in cumulative energy intake and BW gain after 5 weeks of dietary treatment. 26285832 12 33 theme HS-HF-fed 1718:1726 arg1 mice 1728:1731 HS-HF-fed mice 1718:1731 HS-HF-fed mice that were also fed high protein levels 1718:1770 Moreover, ketogenesis, as indicated by plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels, was higher in HS-HF-fed mice that were also fed high protein levels. 26285832 11 34 theme transcriptomic 1351:1364 arg1 analysis 1366:1373 transcriptomic analysis 1351:1373 transcriptomic analysis 1351:1373 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 11 35 theme Gene 1331:1334 arg1 expression 1336:1345 Gene expression 1331:1345 Gene expression 1331:1345 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 11 36 theme regulatory 1569:1578 arg1 factor 1610:1615 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c 1562:1618 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c) 1562:1629 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 11 36 theme regulatory 1569:1578 arg1 Srebf-1c 1621:1628 Srebf-1c 1621:1628 Srebf-1c 1621:1628 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 10 37 theme high-fat 1307:1314 arg1 diets 1324:1328 high-fat (HS-HF) diets 1307:1328 high-fat (HS-HF) diets 1307:1328 However, high-protein diets reduced by 20 % the adiposity gain induced by HS and high-sucrose high-fat (HS-HF) diets. 26285832 9 38 theme BW 1169:1170 arg1 gain 1172:1175 BW gain 1169:1175 BW gain 1169:1175 No changes were observed in cumulative energy intake and BW gain after 5 weeks of dietary treatment. 26285832 10 39 dep HS 1287:1288 arg1 diets 1324:1328 high-fat (HS-HF) diets 1307:1328 high-fat (HS-HF) diets 1307:1328 However, high-protein diets reduced by 20 % the adiposity gain induced by HS and high-sucrose high-fat (HS-HF) diets. 26285832 2 40 theme high-fat 353:360 arg1 feeding 362:368 high-fat feeding 353:368 high-fat feeding 353:368 However, few studies have investigated the specific high-protein effect on lipogenesis induced by a high-sucrose (HS) diet or fat deposition induced by high-fat feeding. 26285832 0 41 theme High 0:3 arg1 protein 13:19 High dietary protein 0:19 High dietary protein 0:19 High dietary protein decreases fat deposition induced by high-fat and high-sucrose diet in rats. 26285832 6 42 theme meal 768:771 arg1 tests 783:787 meal tolerance tests 768:787 meal tolerance tests 768:787 Oral glucose tolerance tests and meal tolerance tests were performed after 4th and 5th weeks of the regimen, respectively. 26285832 2 43 dep diet 319:322 arg1 a 299:299 a 299:299 a 299:299 However, few studies have investigated the specific high-protein effect on lipogenesis induced by a high-sucrose (HS) diet or fat deposition induced by high-fat feeding. 26285832 6 44 theme tolerance 773:781 arg1 tests 783:787 meal tolerance tests 768:787 meal tolerance tests 768:787 Oral glucose tolerance tests and meal tolerance tests were performed after 4th and 5th weeks of the regimen, respectively. 26285832 1 45 theme High-protein 97:108 arg1 diets 110:114 High-protein diets 97:114 High-protein diets 97:114 High-protein diets are known to reduce adiposity in the context of high carbohydrate and Western diets. 26285832 10 46 theme HS-HF 1317:1321 arg1 diets 1324:1328 high-fat (HS-HF) diets 1307:1328 high-fat (HS-HF) diets 1307:1328 However, high-protein diets reduced by 20 % the adiposity gain induced by HS and high-sucrose high-fat (HS-HF) diets. 26285832 4 47 with regimens 606:613 arg1 contents 658:665 low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents 620:665 low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents 620:665 A total of thirty adult male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the six dietary regimens with low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents for 5 weeks. 26285832 3 48 theme protein 413:419 arg1 intake 421:426 high protein intake 408:426 high protein intake 408:426 We aimed to determine the effects of high protein intake on the development of fat deposition and partitioning in response to high-fat and/or HS feeding. 26285832 0 49 theme fat 31:33 arg1 deposition 35:44 fat deposition 31:44 fat deposition induced by high-fat and high-sucrose diet in rats 31:94 High dietary protein decreases fat deposition induced by high-fat and high-sucrose diet in rats. 26285832 9 50 theme dietary 1194:1200 arg1 treatment 1202:1210 dietary treatment 1194:1210 dietary treatment 1194:1210 No changes were observed in cumulative energy intake and BW gain after 5 weeks of dietary treatment. 26285832 12 51 theme β-hydroxybutyrate 1678:1694 arg1 levels 1696:1701 plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels 1671:1701 plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels 1671:1701 Moreover, ketogenesis, as indicated by plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels, was higher in HS-HF-fed mice that were also fed high protein levels. 26285832 0 52 theme high-fat 57:64 arg1 diet 83:86 high-fat and high-sucrose diet 57:86 high-fat and high-sucrose diet in rats 57:94 High dietary protein decreases fat deposition induced by high-fat and high-sucrose diet in rats. 26285832 13 53 theme high-protein 1816:1827 arg1 diets 1829:1833 high-protein diets 1816:1833 high-protein diets 1816:1833 Taken together, these results suggest that high-protein diets may reduce adiposity by inhibiting lipogenesis and stimulating ketogenesis in the liver. 26285832 3 54 theme fat 450:452 arg1 deposition 454:463 fat deposition 450:463 fat deposition 450:463 We aimed to determine the effects of high protein intake on the development of fat deposition and partitioning in response to high-fat and/or HS feeding. 26285832 5 55 theme food 701:704 arg1 intake 706:711 food intake 701:711 food intake 701:711 Body weight (BW) and food intake were measured weekly. 26285832 8 56 from hormones 1031:1038 arg1 liver 1085:1089 liver 1085:1089 liver 1085:1089 Blood, tissues and organs were collected for analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues. 26285832 8 56 from hormones 1031:1038 arg1 tissues 1103:1109 adipose tissues 1095:1109 adipose tissues 1095:1109 Blood, tissues and organs were collected for analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues. 26285832 2 57 theme HS 315:316 arg1 diet 319:322 high-sucrose (HS) diet 301:322 high-sucrose (HS) diet 301:322 However, few studies have investigated the specific high-protein effect on lipogenesis induced by a high-sucrose (HS) diet or fat deposition induced by high-fat feeding. 26285832 2 58 theme high-protein 253:264 arg1 effect 266:271 the specific high-protein effect 240:271 the specific high-protein effect on lipogenesis induced by a high-sucrose (HS) diet or fat deposition induced by high-fat feeding 240:368 However, few studies have investigated the specific high-protein effect on lipogenesis induced by a high-sucrose (HS) diet or fat deposition induced by high-fat feeding. 26285832 8 59 from metabolites 1015:1025 arg1 liver 1085:1089 liver 1085:1089 liver 1085:1089 Blood, tissues and organs were collected for analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues. 26285832 8 59 from metabolites 1015:1025 arg1 tissues 1103:1109 adipose tissues 1095:1109 adipose tissues 1095:1109 Blood, tissues and organs were collected for analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues. 26285832 4 60 theme Wistar 554:559 arg1 rats 561:564 thirty adult male Wistar rats 536:564 thirty adult male Wistar rats 536:564 A total of thirty adult male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the six dietary regimens with low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents for 5 weeks. 26285832 3 61 from effects 397:403 arg1 development 435:445 the development 431:445 the development of fat deposition and partitioning in response to high-fat and/or HS feeding 431:522 We aimed to determine the effects of high protein intake on the development of fat deposition and partitioning in response to high-fat and/or HS feeding. 26285832 11 62 dep a 1532:1532 arg1 Acacb 1551:1555 Acacb 1551:1555 Acacb 1551:1555 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 11 62 dep a 1532:1532 arg1 Acaca 1541:1545 Acaca 1541:1545 Acaca 1541:1545 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 11 63 theme synthase 1492:1499 arg1 expressions 1466:1476 mRNA expressions 1461:1476 mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c) 1461:1629 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 2 64 theme fat 327:329 arg1 deposition 331:340 fat deposition 327:340 fat deposition 327:340 However, few studies have investigated the specific high-protein effect on lipogenesis induced by a high-sucrose (HS) diet or fat deposition induced by high-fat feeding. 26285832 11 65 theme carboxylase 1520:1530 arg1 a 1532:1532 acetyl-CoA carboxylase a 1509:1532 acetyl-CoA carboxylase a 1509:1532 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 11 66 theme fatty 1481:1485 arg1 fasn 1502:1505 fasn 1502:1505 fasn 1502:1505 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 11 66 theme fatty 1481:1485 arg1 synthase 1492:1499 fatty acid synthase 1481:1499 fatty acid synthase (fasn) 1481:1506 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 8 67 theme circulating 1003:1013 arg1 metabolites 1015:1025 circulating metabolites 1003:1025 circulating metabolites 1003:1025 Blood, tissues and organs were collected for analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues. 26285832 4 68 theme adult 543:547 arg1 rats 561:564 thirty adult male Wistar rats 536:564 thirty adult male Wistar rats 536:564 A total of thirty adult male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the six dietary regimens with low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents for 5 weeks. 26285832 7 69 dep h 906:906 arg1 ingestion 914:922 ingestion 914:922 ingestion of a calibrated meal 914:943 At the end of the study, the rats were killed 2 h after ingestion of a calibrated meal. 26285832 8 70 from expression 1067:1076 arg1 liver 1085:1089 liver 1085:1089 liver 1085:1089 Blood, tissues and organs were collected for analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues. 26285832 8 70 from expression 1067:1076 arg1 tissues 1103:1109 adipose tissues 1095:1109 adipose tissues 1095:1109 Blood, tissues and organs were collected for analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues. 26285832 7 71 theme meal 940:943 arg1 ingestion 914:922 ingestion 914:922 ingestion of a calibrated meal 914:943 At the end of the study, the rats were killed 2 h after ingestion of a calibrated meal. 26285832 2 72 theme high-sucrose 301:312 arg1 diet 319:322 high-sucrose (HS) diet 301:322 high-sucrose (HS) diet 301:322 However, few studies have investigated the specific high-protein effect on lipogenesis induced by a high-sucrose (HS) diet or fat deposition induced by high-fat feeding. 26285832 1 73 theme high 164:167 arg1 carbohydrate 169:180 high carbohydrate 164:180 high carbohydrate 164:180 High-protein diets are known to reduce adiposity in the context of high carbohydrate and Western diets. 26285832 6 74 theme tolerance 748:756 arg1 tests 758:762 Oral glucose tolerance tests 735:762 Oral glucose tolerance tests 735:762 Oral glucose tolerance tests and meal tolerance tests were performed after 4th and 5th weeks of the regimen, respectively. 26285832 4 75 theme regimens 606:613 arg1 regimens 606:613 the six dietary regimens 590:613 the six dietary regimens with low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents for 5 weeks 590:677 A total of thirty adult male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the six dietary regimens with low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents for 5 weeks. 26285832 4 75 theme regimens 606:613 arg1 one 583:585 one 583:585 one 583:585 A total of thirty adult male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the six dietary regimens with low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents for 5 weeks. 26285832 11 76 theme protein 1395:1401 arg1 intake 1403:1408 high protein intake 1390:1408 high protein intake 1390:1408 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 0 77 from diet 83:86 arg1 rats 91:94 rats 91:94 rats 91:94 High dietary protein decreases fat deposition induced by high-fat and high-sucrose diet in rats. 26285832 8 78 theme adipose 1095:1101 arg1 tissues 1103:1109 adipose tissues 1095:1109 adipose tissues 1095:1109 Blood, tissues and organs were collected for analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues. 26285832 1 79 theme diets 194:198 arg1 context 153:159 the context 149:159 the context of high carbohydrate and Western diets 149:198 High-protein diets are known to reduce adiposity in the context of high carbohydrate and Western diets. 26285832 8 80 theme mRNA 1062:1065 arg1 expression 1067:1076 mRNA expression 1062:1076 mRNA expression 1062:1076 Blood, tissues and organs were collected for analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues. 26285832 12 81 theme high 1752:1755 arg1 levels 1765:1770 high protein levels 1752:1770 high protein levels 1752:1770 Moreover, ketogenesis, as indicated by plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels, was higher in HS-HF-fed mice that were also fed high protein levels. 26285832 2 82 theme specific 244:251 arg1 effect 266:271 the specific high-protein effect 240:271 the specific high-protein effect on lipogenesis induced by a high-sucrose (HS) diet or fat deposition induced by high-fat feeding 240:368 However, few studies have investigated the specific high-protein effect on lipogenesis induced by a high-sucrose (HS) diet or fat deposition induced by high-fat feeding. 26285832 8 83 from liver 1085:1089 arg1 analysis 991:998 analysis 991:998 analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues 991:1109 Blood, tissues and organs were collected for analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues. 26285832 11 84 theme sterol 1562:1567 arg1 factor 1610:1615 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c 1562:1618 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c) 1562:1629 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 11 84 theme sterol 1562:1567 arg1 Srebf-1c 1621:1628 Srebf-1c 1621:1628 Srebf-1c 1621:1628 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 7 85 theme study 876:880 arg1 end 865:867 the end 861:867 the end of the study 861:880 At the end of the study, the rats were killed 2 h after ingestion of a calibrated meal. 26285832 4 86 theme low 620:622 arg1 protein 633:639 low and high protein 620:639 low and high protein 620:639 A total of thirty adult male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the six dietary regimens with low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents for 5 weeks. 26285832 6 87 theme Oral 735:738 arg1 tests 758:762 Oral glucose tolerance tests 735:762 Oral glucose tolerance tests 735:762 Oral glucose tolerance tests and meal tolerance tests were performed after 4th and 5th weeks of the regimen, respectively. 26285832 4 88 theme high 628:631 arg1 protein 633:639 low and high protein 620:639 low and high protein 620:639 A total of thirty adult male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the six dietary regimens with low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents for 5 weeks. 26285832 11 89 theme transcription 1596:1608 arg1 factor 1610:1615 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c 1562:1618 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c) 1562:1629 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 11 89 theme transcription 1596:1608 arg1 Srebf-1c 1621:1628 Srebf-1c 1621:1628 Srebf-1c 1621:1628 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 9 90 theme energy 1151:1156 arg1 intake 1158:1163 cumulative energy intake 1140:1163 cumulative energy intake 1140:1163 No changes were observed in cumulative energy intake and BW gain after 5 weeks of dietary treatment. 26285832 10 91 theme adiposity 1261:1269 arg1 gain 1271:1274 the adiposity gain 1257:1274 the adiposity gain induced by HS and high-sucrose high-fat (HS-HF) diets 1257:1328 However, high-protein diets reduced by 20 % the adiposity gain induced by HS and high-sucrose high-fat (HS-HF) diets. 26285832 11 92 theme element 1580:1586 arg1 factor 1610:1615 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c 1562:1618 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c) 1562:1629 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 11 92 theme element 1580:1586 arg1 Srebf-1c 1621:1628 Srebf-1c 1621:1628 Srebf-1c 1621:1628 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 3 93 theme high 408:411 arg1 intake 421:426 high protein intake 408:426 high protein intake 408:426 We aimed to determine the effects of high protein intake on the development of fat deposition and partitioning in response to high-fat and/or HS feeding. 26285832 0 94 theme dietary 5:11 arg1 protein 13:19 High dietary protein 0:19 High dietary protein 0:19 High dietary protein decreases fat deposition induced by high-fat and high-sucrose diet in rats. 26285832 12 95 theme plasma 1671:1676 arg1 levels 1696:1701 plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels 1671:1701 plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels 1671:1701 Moreover, ketogenesis, as indicated by plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels, was higher in HS-HF-fed mice that were also fed high protein levels. 26285832 11 96 theme a 1532:1532 arg1 expressions 1466:1476 mRNA expressions 1461:1476 mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c) 1461:1629 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 8 97 from analysis 991:998 arg1 liver 1085:1089 liver 1085:1089 liver 1085:1089 Blood, tissues and organs were collected for analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues. 26285832 8 97 from analysis 991:998 arg1 tissues 1103:1109 adipose tissues 1095:1109 adipose tissues 1095:1109 Blood, tissues and organs were collected for analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues. 26285832 11 98 theme acetyl-CoA 1509:1518 arg1 a 1532:1532 acetyl-CoA carboxylase a 1509:1532 acetyl-CoA carboxylase a 1509:1532 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 3 99 theme intake 421:426 arg1 effects 397:403 the effects 393:403 the effects of high protein intake on the development of fat deposition and partitioning in response to high-fat and/or HS feeding 393:522 We aimed to determine the effects of high protein intake on the development of fat deposition and partitioning in response to high-fat and/or HS feeding. 26285832 9 100 theme treatment 1202:1210 arg1 weeks 1185:1189 5 weeks 1183:1189 5 weeks of dietary treatment 1183:1210 No changes were observed in cumulative energy intake and BW gain after 5 weeks of dietary treatment. 26285832 11 101 theme liver 1418:1422 arg1 capacity 1424:1431 liver capacity 1418:1431 liver capacity for lipogenesis 1418:1447 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 3 102 theme deposition 454:463 arg1 development 435:445 the development 431:445 the development of fat deposition and partitioning in response to high-fat and/or HS feeding 431:522 We aimed to determine the effects of high protein intake on the development of fat deposition and partitioning in response to high-fat and/or HS feeding. 26285832 6 103 theme glucose 740:746 arg1 tests 758:762 Oral glucose tolerance tests 735:762 Oral glucose tolerance tests 735:762 Oral glucose tolerance tests and meal tolerance tests were performed after 4th and 5th weeks of the regimen, respectively. 26285832 4 104 theme rats 561:564 arg1 total 527:531 A total 525:531 A total of thirty adult male Wistar rats 525:564 A total of thirty adult male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the six dietary regimens with low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents for 5 weeks. 26285832 11 105 theme mRNA 1461:1464 arg1 expressions 1466:1476 mRNA expressions 1461:1476 mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c) 1461:1629 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 11 106 theme acid 1487:1490 arg1 fasn 1502:1505 fasn 1502:1505 fasn 1502:1505 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 26285832 11 106 theme acid 1487:1490 arg1 synthase 1492:1499 fatty acid synthase 1481:1499 fatty acid synthase (fasn) 1481:1506 Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). 28215326 8 0 theme due 998:1000 arg1 lignocellulose 983:996 lignocellulose 983:996 lignocellulose due to the absence of lignin, which renders easy hydrolysis of polysaccharides to fermentable sugars 983:1097 The composition of algae is not as complex as lignocellulose due to the absence of lignin, which renders easy hydrolysis of polysaccharides to fermentable sugars. 28215326 4 1 theme food-fuel 320:328 arg1 conflict 330:337 food-fuel conflict 320:337 food-fuel conflict 320:337 To avoid food-fuel conflict, the second-generation bioethanol production by utilizing nonfood lignocellulosic materials has been extensively investigated. 28215326 2 2 contain has 142:144 arg1 Bioethanol 121:130 Bioethanol 121:130 Bioethanol as a fuel 121:140 Bioethanol as a fuel has several economic and environmental benefits. 28215326 2 2 contain has 142:144 arg2 benefits 181:188 several economic and environmental benefits 146:188 several economic and environmental benefits 146:188 Bioethanol as a fuel has several economic and environmental benefits. 28215326 6 3 theme extensive 678:686 arg1 use 693:695 extensive land use 678:695 extensive land use 678:695 The cultivation of lignocellulosic energy crops indirectly affects the food supplies by extensive land use. 28215326 11 4 theme bioethanol 1437:1446 arg1 production 1448:1457 bioethanol production 1437:1457 bioethanol production 1437:1457 Therefore, marine biocatalysts are promising for development of efficient processes for bioethanol production. 28215326 4 5 theme lignocellulosic 405:419 arg1 materials 421:429 nonfood lignocellulosic materials 397:429 nonfood lignocellulosic materials 397:429 To avoid food-fuel conflict, the second-generation bioethanol production by utilizing nonfood lignocellulosic materials has been extensively investigated. 28215326 7 6 theme cultivation 912:922 arg1 environment 924:934 the cultivation environment 908:934 the cultivation environment 908:934 Marine algae have attracted attention to replace the lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol production, since the algae grow fast, do not use land, avoid food-fuel conflict and have several varieties to suit the cultivation environment. 28215326 8 7 theme algae 956:960 arg1 composition 941:951 The composition 937:951 The composition of algae 937:960 The composition of algae is not as complex as lignocellulose due to the absence of lignin, which renders easy hydrolysis of polysaccharides to fermentable sugars. 28215326 8 7 theme algae 956:960 arg1 complex 972:978 complex 972:978 complex 972:978 The composition of algae is not as complex as lignocellulose due to the absence of lignin, which renders easy hydrolysis of polysaccharides to fermentable sugars. 28215326 2 8 theme several 146:152 arg1 benefits 181:188 several economic and environmental benefits 146:188 several economic and environmental benefits 146:188 Bioethanol as a fuel has several economic and environmental benefits. 28215326 8 9 theme polysaccharides 1061:1075 arg1 hydrolysis 1047:1056 easy hydrolysis 1042:1056 easy hydrolysis of polysaccharides to fermentable sugars 1042:1097 The composition of algae is not as complex as lignocellulose due to the absence of lignin, which renders easy hydrolysis of polysaccharides to fermentable sugars. 28215326 8 10 theme lignin 1020:1025 arg1 absence 1009:1015 the absence 1005:1015 the absence of lignin, which renders easy hydrolysis of polysaccharides to fermentable sugars 1005:1097 The composition of algae is not as complex as lignocellulose due to the absence of lignin, which renders easy hydrolysis of polysaccharides to fermentable sugars. 28215326 7 11 theme food-fuel 854:862 arg1 conflict 864:871 food-fuel conflict 854:871 food-fuel conflict 854:871 Marine algae have attracted attention to replace the lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol production, since the algae grow fast, do not use land, avoid food-fuel conflict and have several varieties to suit the cultivation environment. 28215326 7 12 theme bioethanol 781:790 arg1 production 792:801 bioethanol production 781:801 bioethanol production 781:801 Marine algae have attracted attention to replace the lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol production, since the algae grow fast, do not use land, avoid food-fuel conflict and have several varieties to suit the cultivation environment. 28215326 10 13 theme fermenting 1302:1311 arg1 sugars 1313:1318 fermenting sugars 1302:1318 fermenting sugars 1302:1318 Marine microoorganisms are also capable of fermenting sugars under high salt environment. 28215326 10 14 theme salt 1331:1334 arg1 environment 1336:1346 high salt environment 1326:1346 high salt environment 1326:1346 Marine microoorganisms are also capable of fermenting sugars under high salt environment. 28215326 0 15 theme Bioethanol 38:47 arg1 Production 49:58 Bioethanol Production 38:58 Bioethanol Production 38:58 Marine Enzymes and Microorganisms for Bioethanol Production. 28215326 1 16 theme potential 77:85 arg1 fuel 99:102 a potential alternative fuel 75:102 a potential alternative fuel to fossil fuels 75:118 Bioethanol is a potential alternative fuel to fossil fuels. 28215326 1 16 theme potential 77:85 arg1 Bioethanol 61:70 Bioethanol 61:70 Bioethanol 61:70 Bioethanol is a potential alternative fuel to fossil fuels. 28215326 7 17 theme several 882:888 arg1 varieties 890:898 several varieties 882:898 several varieties to suit the cultivation environment 882:934 Marine algae have attracted attention to replace the lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol production, since the algae grow fast, do not use land, avoid food-fuel conflict and have several varieties to suit the cultivation environment. 28215326 6 18 theme food 661:664 arg1 supplies 666:673 the food supplies 657:673 the food supplies 657:673 The cultivation of lignocellulosic energy crops indirectly affects the food supplies by extensive land use. 28215326 9 19 theme bioethanol 1239:1248 arg1 process 1250:1256 bioethanol process 1239:1256 bioethanol process 1239:1256 Marine organisms also produce cold-active enzymes for hydrolysis of starch, cellulose, and algal polysaccharides, which can be employed in bioethanol process. 28215326 1 20 theme alternative 87:97 arg1 fuel 99:102 a potential alternative fuel 75:102 a potential alternative fuel to fossil fuels 75:118 Bioethanol is a potential alternative fuel to fossil fuels. 28215326 1 20 theme alternative 87:97 arg1 Bioethanol 61:70 Bioethanol 61:70 Bioethanol 61:70 Bioethanol is a potential alternative fuel to fossil fuels. 28215326 9 21 theme cold-active 1130:1140 arg1 enzymes 1142:1148 cold-active enzymes 1130:1148 cold-active enzymes for hydrolysis of starch, cellulose, and algal polysaccharides, which can be employed in bioethanol process 1130:1256 Marine organisms also produce cold-active enzymes for hydrolysis of starch, cellulose, and algal polysaccharides, which can be employed in bioethanol process. 28215326 4 22 theme nonfood 397:403 arg1 materials 421:429 nonfood lignocellulosic materials 397:429 nonfood lignocellulosic materials 397:429 To avoid food-fuel conflict, the second-generation bioethanol production by utilizing nonfood lignocellulosic materials has been extensively investigated. 28215326 10 23 theme sugars 1313:1318 arg1 capable 1291:1297 capable 1291:1297 capable 1291:1297 Marine microoorganisms are also capable of fermenting sugars under high salt environment. 28215326 3 24 dep starch 227:232 arg1 juice 248:252 juice 248:252 juice 248:252 Though bioethanol is produced using starch and sugarcane juice, these materials are in conflict with food availability. 28215326 8 25 theme easy 1042:1045 arg1 hydrolysis 1047:1056 easy hydrolysis 1042:1056 easy hydrolysis of polysaccharides to fermentable sugars 1042:1097 The composition of algae is not as complex as lignocellulose due to the absence of lignin, which renders easy hydrolysis of polysaccharides to fermentable sugars. 28215326 9 26 theme cellulose 1176:1184 arg1 hydrolysis 1154:1163 hydrolysis 1154:1163 hydrolysis of starch, cellulose, and algal polysaccharides, which can be employed in bioethanol process 1154:1256 Marine organisms also produce cold-active enzymes for hydrolysis of starch, cellulose, and algal polysaccharides, which can be employed in bioethanol process. 28215326 7 27 theme lignocellulosic 751:765 arg1 feedstock 767:775 the lignocellulosic feedstock 747:775 the lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol production 747:801 Marine algae have attracted attention to replace the lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol production, since the algae grow fast, do not use land, avoid food-fuel conflict and have several varieties to suit the cultivation environment. 28215326 1 28 theme fossil 107:112 arg1 fuels 114:118 fossil fuels 107:118 fossil fuels 107:118 Bioethanol is a potential alternative fuel to fossil fuels. 28215326 5 29 theme lignocellulose 500:513 arg1 architecture 515:526 lignocellulose architecture 500:526 lignocellulose architecture 500:526 However, due to the complexity of lignocellulose architecture, the process is complicated and not economically competitive. 28215326 6 30 theme crops 632:636 arg1 cultivation 594:604 The cultivation 590:604 The cultivation of lignocellulosic energy crops 590:636 The cultivation of lignocellulosic energy crops indirectly affects the food supplies by extensive land use. 28215326 7 31 contain have 877:880 arg2 varieties 890:898 several varieties 882:898 several varieties to suit the cultivation environment 882:934 Marine algae have attracted attention to replace the lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol production, since the algae grow fast, do not use land, avoid food-fuel conflict and have several varieties to suit the cultivation environment. 28215326 7 31 contain have 877:880 arg1 algae 814:818 the algae 810:818 the algae 810:818 Marine algae have attracted attention to replace the lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol production, since the algae grow fast, do not use land, avoid food-fuel conflict and have several varieties to suit the cultivation environment. 28215326 2 32 theme environmental 167:179 arg1 benefits 181:188 several economic and environmental benefits 146:188 several economic and environmental benefits 146:188 Bioethanol as a fuel has several economic and environmental benefits. 28215326 5 33 theme architecture 515:526 arg1 complexity 486:495 the complexity 482:495 the complexity of lignocellulose architecture 482:526 However, due to the complexity of lignocellulose architecture, the process is complicated and not economically competitive. 28215326 6 34 theme energy 625:630 arg1 crops 632:636 lignocellulosic energy crops 609:636 lignocellulosic energy crops 609:636 The cultivation of lignocellulosic energy crops indirectly affects the food supplies by extensive land use. 28215326 7 35 dep suit 903:906 arg1 environment 924:934 the cultivation environment 908:934 the cultivation environment 908:934 Marine algae have attracted attention to replace the lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol production, since the algae grow fast, do not use land, avoid food-fuel conflict and have several varieties to suit the cultivation environment. 28215326 9 36 theme starch 1168:1173 arg1 hydrolysis 1154:1163 hydrolysis 1154:1163 hydrolysis of starch, cellulose, and algal polysaccharides, which can be employed in bioethanol process 1154:1256 Marine organisms also produce cold-active enzymes for hydrolysis of starch, cellulose, and algal polysaccharides, which can be employed in bioethanol process. 28215326 3 37 with conflict 278:285 arg1 availability 297:308 food availability 292:308 food availability 292:308 Though bioethanol is produced using starch and sugarcane juice, these materials are in conflict with food availability. 28215326 6 38 theme lignocellulosic 609:623 arg1 crops 632:636 lignocellulosic energy crops 609:636 lignocellulosic energy crops 609:636 The cultivation of lignocellulosic energy crops indirectly affects the food supplies by extensive land use. 28215326 2 39 theme economic 154:161 arg1 benefits 181:188 several economic and environmental benefits 146:188 several economic and environmental benefits 146:188 Bioethanol as a fuel has several economic and environmental benefits. 28215326 8 40 theme fermentable 1080:1090 arg1 sugars 1092:1097 fermentable sugars 1080:1097 fermentable sugars 1080:1097 The composition of algae is not as complex as lignocellulose due to the absence of lignin, which renders easy hydrolysis of polysaccharides to fermentable sugars. 28215326 4 41 theme bioethanol 362:371 arg1 production 373:382 the second-generation bioethanol production 340:382 the second-generation bioethanol production by utilizing nonfood lignocellulosic materials 340:429 To avoid food-fuel conflict, the second-generation bioethanol production by utilizing nonfood lignocellulosic materials has been extensively investigated. 28215326 4 42 theme second-generation 344:360 arg1 production 373:382 the second-generation bioethanol production 340:382 the second-generation bioethanol production by utilizing nonfood lignocellulosic materials 340:429 To avoid food-fuel conflict, the second-generation bioethanol production by utilizing nonfood lignocellulosic materials has been extensively investigated. 28215326 11 43 theme efficient 1413:1421 arg1 processes 1423:1431 efficient processes 1413:1431 efficient processes for bioethanol production 1413:1457 Therefore, marine biocatalysts are promising for development of efficient processes for bioethanol production. 28215326 3 44 theme food 292:295 arg1 availability 297:308 food availability 292:308 food availability 292:308 Though bioethanol is produced using starch and sugarcane juice, these materials are in conflict with food availability. 28215326 11 45 theme processes 1423:1431 arg1 development 1398:1408 development 1398:1408 development of efficient processes for bioethanol production 1398:1457 Therefore, marine biocatalysts are promising for development of efficient processes for bioethanol production. 28215326 10 46 theme high 1326:1329 arg1 environment 1336:1346 high salt environment 1326:1346 high salt environment 1326:1346 Marine microoorganisms are also capable of fermenting sugars under high salt environment. 28215326 9 47 theme Marine 1100:1105 arg1 organisms 1107:1115 Marine organisms 1100:1115 Marine organisms 1100:1115 Marine organisms also produce cold-active enzymes for hydrolysis of starch, cellulose, and algal polysaccharides, which can be employed in bioethanol process. 28215326 9 48 theme algal 1191:1195 arg1 polysaccharides 1197:1211 algal polysaccharides 1191:1211 algal polysaccharides 1191:1211 Marine organisms also produce cold-active enzymes for hydrolysis of starch, cellulose, and algal polysaccharides, which can be employed in bioethanol process. 28215326 10 49 theme Marine 1259:1264 arg1 microoorganisms 1266:1280 Marine microoorganisms 1259:1280 Marine microoorganisms 1259:1280 Marine microoorganisms are also capable of fermenting sugars under high salt environment. 28215326 11 50 theme marine 1360:1365 arg1 biocatalysts 1367:1378 marine biocatalysts 1360:1378 marine biocatalysts 1360:1378 Therefore, marine biocatalysts are promising for development of efficient processes for bioethanol production. 28215326 7 51 theme Marine 698:703 arg1 algae 705:709 Marine algae 698:709 Marine algae 698:709 Marine algae have attracted attention to replace the lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol production, since the algae grow fast, do not use land, avoid food-fuel conflict and have several varieties to suit the cultivation environment. 28215326 9 52 theme polysaccharides 1197:1211 arg1 hydrolysis 1154:1163 hydrolysis 1154:1163 hydrolysis of starch, cellulose, and algal polysaccharides, which can be employed in bioethanol process 1154:1256 Marine organisms also produce cold-active enzymes for hydrolysis of starch, cellulose, and algal polysaccharides, which can be employed in bioethanol process. 28215326 6 53 theme land 688:691 arg1 use 693:695 extensive land use 678:695 extensive land use 678:695 The cultivation of lignocellulosic energy crops indirectly affects the food supplies by extensive land use. 25465850 8 0 theme unknown 842:848 arg1 phospholipids 850:862 two unknown phospholipids 838:862 two unknown phospholipids 838:862 The polar lipids were found to consist of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown glycolipid, two unknown phospholipids and an unknown lipid. 25465850 8 0 theme unknown 842:848 arg1 glycolipid 826:835 an unknown glycolipid 815:835 an unknown glycolipid 815:835 The polar lipids were found to consist of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown glycolipid, two unknown phospholipids and an unknown lipid. 25465850 13 1 theme name 1541:1544 arg1 sp 1571:1572 the name Aquibacillus salifodinae sp 1537:1572 the name Aquibacillus salifodinae sp 1537:1572 On the basis of its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, strain WSY08-1(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Aquibacillus, for which the name Aquibacillus salifodinae sp. 25465850 11 2 theme Aquibacillus 1144:1155 arg1 T 1175:1175 T 1175:1175 T 1175:1175 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 11 2 theme Aquibacillus 1144:1155 arg1 BH30097 1167:1173 Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097 1144:1173 Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) 1144:1176 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 12 3 dep strains 1305:1311 arg1 T 1346:1346 T 1346:1346 T 1346:1346 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strains WSY08-1(T) and A. halophilus B6B(T) was 31.4 %. 25465850 12 3 dep strains 1305:1311 arg1 B6B 1342:1344 B6B 1342:1344 B6B 1342:1344 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strains WSY08-1(T) and A. halophilus B6B(T) was 31.4 %. 25465850 12 3 dep strains 1305:1311 arg1 T 1321:1321 WSY08-1(T) 1313:1322 WSY08-1(T) 1313:1322 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strains WSY08-1(T) and A. halophilus B6B(T) was 31.4 %. 25465850 12 3 dep strains 1305:1311 arg1 strains 1305:1311 strains WSY08-1(T) and A. halophilus B6B(T) 1305:1347 strains WSY08-1(T) and A. halophilus B6B(T) 1305:1347 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strains WSY08-1(T) and A. halophilus B6B(T) was 31.4 %. 25465850 6 4 theme meso-diaminopimelic 626:644 arg1 acid 646:649 meso-diaminopimelic acid 626:649 meso-diaminopimelic acid 626:649 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain WSY08-1(T) was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25465850 12 5 theme DNA-DNA 1277:1283 arg1 relatedness 1285:1295 DNA-DNA relatedness 1277:1295 DNA-DNA relatedness between strains WSY08-1(T) and A. halophilus B6B(T) 1277:1347 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strains WSY08-1(T) and A. halophilus B6B(T) was 31.4 %. 25465850 13 6 theme Aquibacillus 1546:1557 arg1 sp 1571:1572 the name Aquibacillus salifodinae sp 1537:1572 the name Aquibacillus salifodinae sp 1537:1572 On the basis of its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, strain WSY08-1(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Aquibacillus, for which the name Aquibacillus salifodinae sp. 25465850 4 7 theme w/v 435:437 arg1 NaCl 440:443 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl 427:443 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 4 %, w/v) 427:462 Strain WSY08-1(T) was found to be able to grow at 20-45 °C (optimum 37 °C), 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 4 %, w/v) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 7.0). 25465850 11 8 dep % 1235:1235 arg1 similarity 1237:1246 similarity 1237:1246 similarity 1237:1246 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 11 9 dep Aquibacillus 1112:1123 arg1 halophilus 1125:1134 halophilus 1125:1134 halophilus 1125:1134 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 13 10 dep Aquibacillus 1546:1557 arg1 salifodinae 1559:1569 salifodinae 1559:1569 salifodinae 1559:1569 On the basis of its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, strain WSY08-1(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Aquibacillus, for which the name Aquibacillus salifodinae sp. 25465850 10 11 theme mol 1015:1017 arg1 % 1018:1018 36.9 mol% 1010:1018 36.9 mol% 1010:1018 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 36.9 mol%. 25465850 10 11 theme mol 1015:1017 arg1 content 981:987 The DNA G+C content 969:987 The DNA G+C content 969:987 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 36.9 mol%. 25465850 11 12 theme strain 1072:1077 arg1 WSY08-1 1079:1085 strain WSY08-1 1072:1085 strain WSY08-1(T) 1072:1088 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 11 12 theme strain 1072:1077 arg1 T 1087:1087 T 1087:1087 T 1087:1087 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 11 13 theme YIM 1201:1203 arg1 T 1211:1211 T 1211:1211 T 1211:1211 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 11 13 theme YIM 1201:1203 arg1 93642 1205:1209 Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642 1182:1209 Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively) 1182:1261 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 11 13 theme YIM 1201:1203 arg1 96.5 1230:1233 96.5 1230:1233 96.5 1230:1233 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 11 13 theme YIM 1201:1203 arg1 % 1235:1235 97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively 1215:1260 % 1235:1235 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 11 14 theme albus 1195:1199 arg1 T 1211:1211 T 1211:1211 T 1211:1211 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 11 14 theme albus 1195:1199 arg1 93642 1205:1209 Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642 1182:1209 Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively) 1182:1261 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 11 14 theme albus 1195:1199 arg1 96.5 1230:1233 96.5 1230:1233 96.5 1230:1233 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 11 14 theme albus 1195:1199 arg1 % 1235:1235 97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively 1215:1260 % 1235:1235 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 3 15 theme ellipsoidal 270:280 arg1 endospores 282:291 Spherical to ellipsoidal endospores 257:291 Spherical to ellipsoidal endospores 257:291 Spherical to ellipsoidal endospores were observed to be formed in terminal swollen sporangia. 25465850 8 16 theme unknown 871:877 arg1 lipid 879:883 an unknown lipid 868:883 an unknown lipid 868:883 The polar lipids were found to consist of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown glycolipid, two unknown phospholipids and an unknown lipid. 25465850 9 17 theme major 890:894 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 954:966 anteiso-C17:0 954:966 anteiso-C17:0 954:966 The major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25465850 9 17 theme major 890:894 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 936:948 anteiso-C15:0 936:948 anteiso-C15:0 936:948 The major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25465850 9 17 theme major 890:894 arg1 acids 911:915 The major cellular fatty acids 886:915 The major cellular fatty acids 886:915 The major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25465850 2 18 theme Gram-positive 110:122 arg1 bacterium 154:162 A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium 108:162 A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium 108:162 A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, strain WSY08-1(T), was isolated from a salt mine in Wensu county, Xinjiang province, China. 25465850 2 18 theme Gram-positive 110:122 arg1 WSY08-1 172:178 strain WSY08-1 165:178 strain WSY08-1(T) 165:181 A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, strain WSY08-1(T), was isolated from a salt mine in Wensu county, Xinjiang province, China. 25465850 13 19 dep characteristics 1422:1436 arg1 the 1364:1366 the 1364:1366 the 1364:1366 On the basis of its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, strain WSY08-1(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Aquibacillus, for which the name Aquibacillus salifodinae sp. 25465850 13 19 dep characteristics 1422:1436 arg1 basis 1368:1372 basis 1368:1372 basis 1368:1372 On the basis of its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, strain WSY08-1(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Aquibacillus, for which the name Aquibacillus salifodinae sp. 25465850 8 20 theme unknown 818:824 arg1 phospholipids 850:862 two unknown phospholipids 838:862 two unknown phospholipids 838:862 The polar lipids were found to consist of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown glycolipid, two unknown phospholipids and an unknown lipid. 25465850 8 20 theme unknown 818:824 arg1 glycolipid 826:835 an unknown glycolipid 815:835 an unknown glycolipid 815:835 The polar lipids were found to consist of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown glycolipid, two unknown phospholipids and an unknown lipid. 25465850 13 21 theme strain 1439:1444 arg1 T 1454:1454 T 1454:1454 T 1454:1454 On the basis of its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, strain WSY08-1(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Aquibacillus, for which the name Aquibacillus salifodinae sp. 25465850 13 21 theme strain 1439:1444 arg1 WSY08-1 1446:1452 strain WSY08-1 1439:1452 strain WSY08-1(T) 1439:1455 On the basis of its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, strain WSY08-1(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Aquibacillus, for which the name Aquibacillus salifodinae sp. 25465850 9 22 theme cellular 896:903 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 954:966 anteiso-C17:0 954:966 anteiso-C17:0 954:966 The major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25465850 9 22 theme cellular 896:903 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 936:948 anteiso-C15:0 936:948 anteiso-C15:0 936:948 The major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25465850 9 22 theme cellular 896:903 arg1 acids 911:915 The major cellular fatty acids 886:915 The major cellular fatty acids 886:915 The major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25465850 0 23 theme salifodinae 13:23 arg1 sp 25:26 Aquibacillus salifodinae sp 0:26 Aquibacillus salifodinae sp. 0:27 Aquibacillus salifodinae sp. 25465850 13 24 theme novel 1486:1490 arg1 species 1492:1498 a novel species 1484:1498 a novel species 1484:1498 On the basis of its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, strain WSY08-1(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Aquibacillus, for which the name Aquibacillus salifodinae sp. 25465850 1 25 attach isolated 53:60 arg2 bacterium 43:51 a novel bacterium 35:51 a novel bacterium isolated from a salt mine in Xinjiang province, China 35:105 nov., a novel bacterium isolated from a salt mine in Xinjiang province, China. 25465850 1 25 attach isolated 53:60 arg1 mine 74:77 a salt mine 67:77 a salt mine in Xinjiang province, China 67:105 nov., a novel bacterium isolated from a salt mine in Xinjiang province, China. 25465850 1 26 theme salt 69:72 arg1 mine 74:77 a salt mine 67:77 a salt mine in Xinjiang province, China 67:105 nov., a novel bacterium isolated from a salt mine in Xinjiang province, China. 25465850 9 27 theme fatty 905:909 arg1 anteiso-C17:0 954:966 anteiso-C17:0 954:966 anteiso-C17:0 954:966 The major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25465850 9 27 theme fatty 905:909 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 936:948 anteiso-C15:0 936:948 anteiso-C15:0 936:948 The major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25465850 9 27 theme fatty 905:909 arg1 acids 911:915 The major cellular fatty acids 886:915 The major cellular fatty acids 886:915 The major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25465850 0 28 theme Aquibacillus 0:11 arg1 sp 25:26 Aquibacillus salifodinae sp 0:26 Aquibacillus salifodinae sp. 0:27 Aquibacillus salifodinae sp. 25465850 2 29 dep Gram-positive 110:122 arg1 aerobic 146:152 aerobic 146:152 aerobic 146:152 A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, strain WSY08-1(T), was isolated from a salt mine in Wensu county, Xinjiang province, China. 25465850 2 29 dep Gram-positive 110:122 arg1 rod-shaped 125:134 rod-shaped 125:134 rod-shaped 125:134 A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, strain WSY08-1(T), was isolated from a salt mine in Wensu county, Xinjiang province, China. 25465850 6 30 theme WSY08-1 594:600 arg1 peptidoglycan 570:582 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 556:582 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain WSY08-1(T) 556:603 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain WSY08-1(T) was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25465850 5 31 theme oxidase 507:513 arg1 activities 515:524 Catalase and oxidase activities 494:524 Catalase and oxidase activities 494:524 Catalase and oxidase activities were observed to be positive. 25465850 6 32 theme strain 587:592 arg1 T 602:602 T 602:602 T 602:602 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain WSY08-1(T) was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25465850 6 32 theme strain 587:592 arg1 WSY08-1 594:600 strain WSY08-1 587:600 strain WSY08-1(T) 587:603 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain WSY08-1(T) was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25465850 15 33 theme = 1638:1638 arg1 1.12849 1646:1652 =JCM 19761(T) = CGMCC 1.12849 1624:1652 =JCM 19761(T) = CGMCC 1.12849(T) 1624:1655 The type strain is WSY08-1(T) (=JCM 19761(T) = CGMCC 1.12849(T)). 25465850 15 33 theme = 1638:1638 arg1 WSY08-1 1612:1618 WSY08-1 1612:1618 WSY08-1(T) (=JCM 19761(T) = CGMCC 1.12849(T)) 1612:1656 The type strain is WSY08-1(T) (=JCM 19761(T) = CGMCC 1.12849(T)). 25465850 15 33 theme = 1638:1638 arg1 T 1654:1654 T 1654:1654 T 1654:1654 The type strain is WSY08-1(T) (=JCM 19761(T) = CGMCC 1.12849(T)). 25465850 15 34 theme CGMCC 1640:1644 arg1 1.12849 1646:1652 =JCM 19761(T) = CGMCC 1.12849 1624:1652 =JCM 19761(T) = CGMCC 1.12849(T) 1624:1655 The type strain is WSY08-1(T) (=JCM 19761(T) = CGMCC 1.12849(T)). 25465850 15 34 theme CGMCC 1640:1644 arg1 WSY08-1 1612:1618 WSY08-1 1612:1618 WSY08-1(T) (=JCM 19761(T) = CGMCC 1.12849(T)) 1612:1656 The type strain is WSY08-1(T) (=JCM 19761(T) = CGMCC 1.12849(T)). 25465850 15 34 theme CGMCC 1640:1644 arg1 T 1654:1654 T 1654:1654 T 1654:1654 The type strain is WSY08-1(T) (=JCM 19761(T) = CGMCC 1.12849(T)). 25465850 11 35 theme 16S 1037:1039 arg1 rRNA 1041:1044 the 16S rRNA 1033:1044 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1033:1058 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 11 36 theme Aquibacillus 1182:1193 arg1 T 1211:1211 T 1211:1211 T 1211:1211 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 11 36 theme Aquibacillus 1182:1193 arg1 93642 1205:1209 Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642 1182:1209 Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively) 1182:1261 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 11 36 theme Aquibacillus 1182:1193 arg1 96.5 1230:1233 96.5 1230:1233 96.5 1230:1233 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 11 36 theme Aquibacillus 1182:1193 arg1 % 1235:1235 97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively 1215:1260 % 1235:1235 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 13 37 theme chemotaxonomic 1393:1406 arg1 characteristics 1422:1436 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1377:1436 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1377:1436 On the basis of its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, strain WSY08-1(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Aquibacillus, for which the name Aquibacillus salifodinae sp. 25465850 4 38 theme % 432:432 arg1 NaCl 440:443 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl 427:443 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 4 %, w/v) 427:462 Strain WSY08-1(T) was found to be able to grow at 20-45 °C (optimum 37 °C), 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 4 %, w/v) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 7.0). 25465850 4 39 dep NaCl 440:443 arg1 w/v 459:461 w/v 459:461 w/v 459:461 Strain WSY08-1(T) was found to be able to grow at 20-45 °C (optimum 37 °C), 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 4 %, w/v) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 7.0). 25465850 4 39 dep NaCl 440:443 arg1 % 456:456 optimum 4 % 446:456 optimum 4 % 446:456 Strain WSY08-1(T) was found to be able to grow at 20-45 °C (optimum 37 °C), 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 4 %, w/v) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 7.0). 25465850 7 40 theme isoprenoid 707:716 arg1 quinone 718:724 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 691:724 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 691:724 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was identified as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 25465850 7 40 theme isoprenoid 707:716 arg1 Menaquinone-7 652:664 Menaquinone-7 652:664 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 652:671 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was identified as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 25465850 13 41 theme genus 1507:1511 arg1 Aquibacillus 1513:1524 the genus Aquibacillus 1503:1524 the genus Aquibacillus 1503:1524 On the basis of its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, strain WSY08-1(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Aquibacillus, for which the name Aquibacillus salifodinae sp. 25465850 12 42 theme relatedness 1285:1295 arg1 level 1268:1272 The level 1264:1272 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strains WSY08-1(T) and A. halophilus B6B(T) 1264:1347 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strains WSY08-1(T) and A. halophilus B6B(T) was 31.4 %. 25465850 12 42 theme relatedness 1285:1295 arg1 % 1358:1358 31.4 % 1353:1358 31.4 % 1353:1358 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strains WSY08-1(T) and A. halophilus B6B(T) was 31.4 %. 25465850 8 43 theme polar 731:735 arg1 lipids 737:742 The polar lipids 727:742 The polar lipids 727:742 The polar lipids were found to consist of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown glycolipid, two unknown phospholipids and an unknown lipid. 25465850 3 44 theme terminal 323:330 arg1 sporangia 340:348 terminal swollen sporangia 323:348 terminal swollen sporangia 323:348 Spherical to ellipsoidal endospores were observed to be formed in terminal swollen sporangia. 25465850 4 45 theme optimum 411:417 arg1 °C 422:423 optimum 37 °C 411:423 optimum 37 °C 411:423 Strain WSY08-1(T) was found to be able to grow at 20-45 °C (optimum 37 °C), 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 4 %, w/v) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 7.0). 25465850 4 45 theme optimum 411:417 arg1 °C 407:408 20-45 °C 401:408 20-45 °C (optimum 37 °C) 401:424 Strain WSY08-1(T) was found to be able to grow at 20-45 °C (optimum 37 °C), 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 4 %, w/v) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 7.0). 25465850 11 46 theme sequence 1051:1058 arg1 Analysis 1021:1028 Analysis 1021:1028 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1021:1058 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 13 47 from species 1492:1498 arg1 Aquibacillus 1513:1524 the genus Aquibacillus 1503:1524 the genus Aquibacillus 1503:1524 On the basis of its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, strain WSY08-1(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Aquibacillus, for which the name Aquibacillus salifodinae sp. 25465850 11 48 theme rRNA 1041:1044 arg1 sequence 1051:1058 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1033:1058 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1033:1058 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 3 49 theme swollen 332:338 arg1 sporangia 340:348 terminal swollen sporangia 323:348 terminal swollen sporangia 323:348 Spherical to ellipsoidal endospores were observed to be formed in terminal swollen sporangia. 25465850 10 50 theme DNA 973:975 arg1 % 1018:1018 36.9 mol% 1010:1018 36.9 mol% 1010:1018 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 36.9 mol%. 25465850 10 50 theme DNA 973:975 arg1 content 981:987 The DNA G+C content 969:987 The DNA G+C content 969:987 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 36.9 mol%. 25465850 3 51 dep endospores 282:291 arg1 to 267:268 to 267:268 to 267:268 Spherical to ellipsoidal endospores were observed to be formed in terminal swollen sporangia. 25465850 15 52 theme type 1597:1600 arg1 WSY08-1 1612:1618 WSY08-1 1612:1618 WSY08-1(T) (=JCM 19761(T) = CGMCC 1.12849(T)) 1612:1656 The type strain is WSY08-1(T) (=JCM 19761(T) = CGMCC 1.12849(T)). 25465850 15 52 theme type 1597:1600 arg1 strain 1602:1607 The type strain 1593:1607 The type strain 1593:1607 The type strain is WSY08-1(T) (=JCM 19761(T) = CGMCC 1.12849(T)). 25465850 6 53 theme cell-wall 560:568 arg1 peptidoglycan 570:582 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 556:582 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain WSY08-1(T) 556:603 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain WSY08-1(T) was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25465850 13 54 theme phenotypic 1381:1390 arg1 characteristics 1422:1436 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1377:1436 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1377:1436 On the basis of its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, strain WSY08-1(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Aquibacillus, for which the name Aquibacillus salifodinae sp. 25465850 12 55 theme WSY08-1 1313:1319 arg1 T 1346:1346 T 1346:1346 T 1346:1346 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strains WSY08-1(T) and A. halophilus B6B(T) was 31.4 %. 25465850 12 55 theme WSY08-1 1313:1319 arg1 strains 1305:1311 strains WSY08-1(T) and A. halophilus B6B(T) 1305:1347 strains WSY08-1(T) and A. halophilus B6B(T) 1305:1347 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strains WSY08-1(T) and A. halophilus B6B(T) was 31.4 %. 25465850 12 55 theme WSY08-1 1313:1319 arg1 T 1321:1321 WSY08-1(T) 1313:1322 WSY08-1(T) 1313:1322 The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strains WSY08-1(T) and A. halophilus B6B(T) was 31.4 %. 25465850 5 56 theme Catalase 494:501 arg1 activities 515:524 Catalase and oxidase activities 494:524 Catalase and oxidase activities 494:524 Catalase and oxidase activities were observed to be positive. 25465850 4 57 theme Strain 351:356 arg1 T 366:366 T 366:366 T 366:366 Strain WSY08-1(T) was found to be able to grow at 20-45 °C (optimum 37 °C), 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 4 %, w/v) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 7.0). 25465850 4 57 theme Strain 351:356 arg1 WSY08-1 358:364 Strain WSY08-1 351:364 Strain WSY08-1(T) 351:367 Strain WSY08-1(T) was found to be able to grow at 20-45 °C (optimum 37 °C), 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 4 %, w/v) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 7.0). 25465850 2 58 theme salt 204:207 arg1 mine 209:212 a salt mine 202:212 a salt mine in Wensu county, Xinjiang province, China 202:254 A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, strain WSY08-1(T), was isolated from a salt mine in Wensu county, Xinjiang province, China. 25465850 1 59 dep bacterium 43:51 arg1 nov. 29:32 nov. 29:32 nov. 29:32 nov., a novel bacterium isolated from a salt mine in Xinjiang province, China. 25465850 2 60 from mine 209:212 arg1 Xinjiang 231:238 Xinjiang 231:238 Xinjiang 231:238 A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, strain WSY08-1(T), was isolated from a salt mine in Wensu county, Xinjiang province, China. 25465850 2 60 from mine 209:212 arg1 China 250:254 China 250:254 China 250:254 A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, strain WSY08-1(T), was isolated from a salt mine in Wensu county, Xinjiang province, China. 25465850 11 61 theme gene 1046:1049 arg1 sequence 1051:1058 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1033:1058 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 1033:1058 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 2 62 theme strain 165:170 arg1 T 180:180 T 180:180 T 180:180 A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, strain WSY08-1(T), was isolated from a salt mine in Wensu county, Xinjiang province, China. 25465850 2 62 theme strain 165:170 arg1 bacterium 154:162 A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium 108:162 A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium 108:162 A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, strain WSY08-1(T), was isolated from a salt mine in Wensu county, Xinjiang province, China. 25465850 2 62 theme strain 165:170 arg1 WSY08-1 172:178 strain WSY08-1 165:178 strain WSY08-1(T) 165:181 A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, strain WSY08-1(T), was isolated from a salt mine in Wensu county, Xinjiang province, China. 25465850 7 63 theme predominant 695:705 arg1 quinone 718:724 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 691:724 the predominant isoprenoid quinone 691:724 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was identified as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 25465850 7 63 theme predominant 695:705 arg1 Menaquinone-7 652:664 Menaquinone-7 652:664 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) 652:671 Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was identified as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. 25465850 4 64 theme optimum 446:452 arg1 w/v 459:461 w/v 459:461 w/v 459:461 Strain WSY08-1(T) was found to be able to grow at 20-45 °C (optimum 37 °C), 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 4 %, w/v) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 7.0). 25465850 4 64 theme optimum 446:452 arg1 % 456:456 optimum 4 % 446:456 optimum 4 % 446:456 Strain WSY08-1(T) was found to be able to grow at 20-45 °C (optimum 37 °C), 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 4 %, w/v) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 7.0). 25465850 3 65 theme Spherical 257:265 arg1 endospores 282:291 Spherical to ellipsoidal endospores 257:291 Spherical to ellipsoidal endospores 257:291 Spherical to ellipsoidal endospores were observed to be formed in terminal swollen sporangia. 25465850 6 66 contain contain 618:624 arg1 peptidoglycan 570:582 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 556:582 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain WSY08-1(T) 556:603 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain WSY08-1(T) was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25465850 6 66 contain contain 618:624 arg2 acid 646:649 meso-diaminopimelic acid 626:649 meso-diaminopimelic acid 626:649 The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain WSY08-1(T) was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25465850 1 67 from mine 74:77 arg1 China 101:105 China 101:105 China 101:105 nov., a novel bacterium isolated from a salt mine in Xinjiang province, China. 25465850 2 68 attach isolated 188:195 arg1 mine 209:212 a salt mine 202:212 a salt mine in Wensu county, Xinjiang province, China 202:254 A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, strain WSY08-1(T), was isolated from a salt mine in Wensu county, Xinjiang province, China. 25465850 2 68 attach isolated 188:195 arg2 WSY08-1 172:178 strain WSY08-1 165:178 strain WSY08-1(T) 165:181 A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, strain WSY08-1(T), was isolated from a salt mine in Wensu county, Xinjiang province, China. 25465850 2 68 attach isolated 188:195 arg2 bacterium 154:162 A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium 108:162 A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium 108:162 A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, strain WSY08-1(T), was isolated from a salt mine in Wensu county, Xinjiang province, China. 25465850 13 69 theme genotypic 1412:1420 arg1 characteristics 1422:1436 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1377:1436 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics 1377:1436 On the basis of its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, strain WSY08-1(T) is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Aquibacillus, for which the name Aquibacillus salifodinae sp. 25465850 1 70 theme novel 37:41 arg1 bacterium 43:51 a novel bacterium 35:51 a novel bacterium isolated from a salt mine in Xinjiang province, China 35:105 nov., a novel bacterium isolated from a salt mine in Xinjiang province, China. 25465850 11 71 theme Aquibacillus 1112:1123 arg1 T 1140:1140 T 1140:1140 T 1140:1140 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 11 71 theme Aquibacillus 1112:1123 arg1 B6B 1136:1138 Aquibacillus halophilus B6B 1112:1138 Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T) 1112:1141 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 11 72 dep Aquibacillus 1144:1155 arg1 koreensis 1157:1165 koreensis 1157:1165 koreensis 1157:1165 Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain WSY08-1(T) is closely related to Aquibacillus halophilus B6B(T), Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) and Aquibacillus albus YIM 93642(T) (97.6, 96.9 and 96.5 % similarity, respectively). 25465850 10 73 theme G+C 977:979 arg1 % 1018:1018 36.9 mol% 1010:1018 36.9 mol% 1010:1018 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 36.9 mol%. 25465850 10 73 theme G+C 977:979 arg1 content 981:987 The DNA G+C content 969:987 The DNA G+C content 969:987 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 36.9 mol%. 27123109 5 0 theme mRNA 839:842 arg1 levels 844:849 the protein and mRNA levels 823:849 levels 844:849 OGT-specific shRNA vectors efficiently decreased the protein and mRNA levels of OGT and the RL2 level (a marker of O-GlcNAcylation levels) in Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 6 1 theme colony 962:967 arg1 formation 969:977 colony formation 962:977 colony formation 962:977 In addition, colony formation and cell proliferation assays demonstrated that OGT-specific shRNA decreased the proliferation of Eca-109 cells; however, there was no significant statistical difference between OGT-specific shRNA and control shRNA. 27123109 9 2 dep migration 1560:1568 arg1 the 1556:1558 the 1556:1558 the 1556:1558 These results suggest that OGT may promote the migration, invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer cells by enhancing the stability or expression of MMP9. 27123109 7 3 theme cells 1272:1276 arg1 ability 1253:1259 the migratory ability 1239:1259 the migratory ability of Eca-109 cells 1239:1276 Notably, transwell assays demonstrated that the migratory ability of Eca-109 cells was significantly suppressed following knockdown of the OGT gene. 27123109 9 4 theme esophageal 1598:1607 arg1 cells 1616:1620 esophageal cancer cells 1598:1620 esophageal cancer cells 1598:1620 These results suggest that OGT may promote the migration, invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer cells by enhancing the stability or expression of MMP9. 27123109 6 5 theme OGT-specific 1157:1168 arg1 shRNA 1170:1174 OGT-specific shRNA 1157:1174 OGT-specific shRNA 1157:1174 In addition, colony formation and cell proliferation assays demonstrated that OGT-specific shRNA decreased the proliferation of Eca-109 cells; however, there was no significant statistical difference between OGT-specific shRNA and control shRNA. 27123109 0 6 theme esophageal 114:123 arg1 cells 132:136 human esophageal cancer cells 108:136 human esophageal cancer cells 108:136 Downregulation of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase by RNA interference decreases MMP9 expression in human esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 4 7 theme current 587:593 arg1 study 595:599 The current study 583:599 The current study 583:599 The current study reports that OGT knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) did not affect cell viability; however, cell migration in esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells was significantly reduced. 27123109 0 8 link O-linked 18:25 arg1 transferase 47:57 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 18:57 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 18:57 Downregulation of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase by RNA interference decreases MMP9 expression in human esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 0 9 theme human 108:112 arg1 cells 132:136 human esophageal cancer cells 108:136 human esophageal cancer cells 108:136 Downregulation of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase by RNA interference decreases MMP9 expression in human esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 9 10 theme cancer 1609:1614 arg1 cells 1616:1620 esophageal cancer cells 1598:1620 esophageal cancer cells 1598:1620 These results suggest that OGT may promote the migration, invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer cells by enhancing the stability or expression of MMP9. 27123109 5 11 dep level 870:874 arg1 marker 879:884 a marker 877:884 a marker of O-GlcNAcylation levels 877:910 OGT-specific shRNA vectors efficiently decreased the protein and mRNA levels of OGT and the RL2 level (a marker of O-GlcNAcylation levels) in Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 4 12 theme OGT 614:616 arg1 knockdown 618:626 OGT knockdown 614:626 OGT knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) 614:655 The current study reports that OGT knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) did not affect cell viability; however, cell migration in esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells was significantly reduced. 27123109 5 13 theme O-GlcNAcylation 889:903 arg1 levels 905:910 O-GlcNAcylation levels 889:910 O-GlcNAcylation levels 889:910 OGT-specific shRNA vectors efficiently decreased the protein and mRNA levels of OGT and the RL2 level (a marker of O-GlcNAcylation levels) in Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 7 14 theme Eca-109 1264:1270 arg1 cells 1272:1276 Eca-109 cells 1264:1276 Eca-109 cells 1264:1276 Notably, transwell assays demonstrated that the migratory ability of Eca-109 cells was significantly suppressed following knockdown of the OGT gene. 27123109 7 15 theme gene 1338:1341 arg1 knockdown 1317:1325 knockdown 1317:1325 knockdown of the OGT gene 1317:1341 Notably, transwell assays demonstrated that the migratory ability of Eca-109 cells was significantly suppressed following knockdown of the OGT gene. 27123109 7 16 theme migratory 1243:1251 arg1 ability 1253:1259 the migratory ability 1239:1259 the migratory ability of Eca-109 cells 1239:1276 Notably, transwell assays demonstrated that the migratory ability of Eca-109 cells was significantly suppressed following knockdown of the OGT gene. 27123109 2 17 theme proteins 337:344 arg1 modification 291:302 a post-translational carbohydrate modification 257:302 a post-translational carbohydrate modification of diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins by the addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 257:394 O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational carbohydrate modification of diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins by the addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine. 27123109 2 17 theme proteins 337:344 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 238:252 O-GlcNAcylation 238:252 O-GlcNAcylation 238:252 O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational carbohydrate modification of diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins by the addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine. 27123109 5 18 theme Eca-109 916:922 arg1 cells 942:946 Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells 916:946 Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells 916:946 OGT-specific shRNA vectors efficiently decreased the protein and mRNA levels of OGT and the RL2 level (a marker of O-GlcNAcylation levels) in Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 1 19 theme O-linked 196:203 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 220:234 O-GlcNAcylation 220:234 O-GlcNAcylation 220:234 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) catalyzes O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation). 27123109 1 19 theme O-linked 196:203 arg1 glycosylation 205:217 O-linked glycosylation 196:217 O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) 196:235 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) catalyzes O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation). 27123109 0 20 theme cancer 125:130 arg1 cells 132:136 human esophageal cancer cells 108:136 human esophageal cancer cells 108:136 Downregulation of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase by RNA interference decreases MMP9 expression in human esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 8 21 theme matrix 1461:1466 arg1 metalloproteinase 1468:1484 matrix metalloproteinase 9 1461:1486 matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) 1461:1493 Correspondingly, western blot analyses demonstrated that OGT knockdown significantly downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in Eca-109 cells. 27123109 8 21 theme matrix 1461:1466 arg1 MMP9 1489:1492 MMP9 1489:1492 MMP9 1489:1492 Correspondingly, western blot analyses demonstrated that OGT knockdown significantly downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in Eca-109 cells. 27123109 2 22 theme cytosolic 327:335 arg1 proteins 337:344 diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins 307:344 diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins 307:344 O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational carbohydrate modification of diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins by the addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine. 27123109 9 23 dep stability 1639:1647 arg1 the 1635:1637 the 1635:1637 the 1635:1637 These results suggest that OGT may promote the migration, invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer cells by enhancing the stability or expression of MMP9. 27123109 5 24 theme RL2 866:868 arg1 level 870:874 the RL2 level 862:874 the RL2 level (a marker of O-GlcNAcylation levels) in Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells 862:946 OGT-specific shRNA vectors efficiently decreased the protein and mRNA levels of OGT and the RL2 level (a marker of O-GlcNAcylation levels) in Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 5 25 from level 870:874 arg1 cells 942:946 Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells 916:946 Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells 916:946 OGT-specific shRNA vectors efficiently decreased the protein and mRNA levels of OGT and the RL2 level (a marker of O-GlcNAcylation levels) in Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 1 26 link O-linked 196:203 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 220:234 O-GlcNAcylation 220:234 O-GlcNAcylation 220:234 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) catalyzes O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation). 27123109 1 26 link O-linked 196:203 arg1 glycosylation 205:217 O-linked glycosylation 196:217 O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) 196:235 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) catalyzes O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation). 27123109 5 27 theme protein 827:833 arg1 levels 844:849 the protein and mRNA levels 823:849 levels 844:849 OGT-specific shRNA vectors efficiently decreased the protein and mRNA levels of OGT and the RL2 level (a marker of O-GlcNAcylation levels) in Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 2 28 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 374:394 arg1 addition 353:360 the addition 349:360 the addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 349:394 O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational carbohydrate modification of diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins by the addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine. 27123109 4 29 from migration 702:710 arg1 cells 741:745 esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells 715:745 esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells 715:745 The current study reports that OGT knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) did not affect cell viability; however, cell migration in esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells was significantly reduced. 27123109 4 30 theme cancer 726:731 arg1 cells 741:745 esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells 715:745 esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells 715:745 The current study reports that OGT knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) did not affect cell viability; however, cell migration in esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells was significantly reduced. 27123109 3 31 theme O-GlcNAcylation 452:466 arg1 OGT 431:433 OGT 431:433 OGT 431:433 It was recently demonstrated that OGT and the level of O-GlcNAcylation are upregulated in esophageal cancer; however, the physiological consequences of this upregulation remain unknown. 27123109 3 31 theme O-GlcNAcylation 452:466 arg1 level 443:447 the level 439:447 the level of O-GlcNAcylation 439:466 It was recently demonstrated that OGT and the level of O-GlcNAcylation are upregulated in esophageal cancer; however, the physiological consequences of this upregulation remain unknown. 27123109 4 32 theme short 631:635 arg1 shRNA 650:654 shRNA 650:654 shRNA 650:654 The current study reports that OGT knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) did not affect cell viability; however, cell migration in esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells was significantly reduced. 27123109 4 32 theme short 631:635 arg1 RNA 645:647 short hairpin RNA 631:647 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) 631:655 The current study reports that OGT knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) did not affect cell viability; however, cell migration in esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells was significantly reduced. 27123109 9 33 theme MMP9 1666:1669 arg1 expression 1652:1661 expression 1652:1661 expression 1652:1661 These results suggest that OGT may promote the migration, invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer cells by enhancing the stability or expression of MMP9. 27123109 9 33 theme MMP9 1666:1669 arg1 stability 1639:1647 stability 1639:1647 stability 1639:1647 These results suggest that OGT may promote the migration, invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer cells by enhancing the stability or expression of MMP9. 27123109 2 34 theme O-linked 365:372 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 374:394 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 365:394 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 365:394 O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational carbohydrate modification of diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins by the addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine. 27123109 4 35 theme esophageal 715:724 arg1 cells 741:745 esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells 715:745 esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells 715:745 The current study reports that OGT knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) did not affect cell viability; however, cell migration in esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells was significantly reduced. 27123109 0 36 theme N-acetylglucosamine 27:45 arg1 transferase 47:57 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 18:57 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 18:57 Downregulation of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase by RNA interference decreases MMP9 expression in human esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 6 37 theme OGT-specific 1027:1038 arg1 shRNA 1040:1044 OGT-specific shRNA 1027:1044 OGT-specific shRNA 1027:1044 In addition, colony formation and cell proliferation assays demonstrated that OGT-specific shRNA decreased the proliferation of Eca-109 cells; however, there was no significant statistical difference between OGT-specific shRNA and control shRNA. 27123109 6 38 theme Eca-109 1077:1083 arg1 cells 1085:1089 Eca-109 cells 1077:1089 Eca-109 cells 1077:1089 In addition, colony formation and cell proliferation assays demonstrated that OGT-specific shRNA decreased the proliferation of Eca-109 cells; however, there was no significant statistical difference between OGT-specific shRNA and control shRNA. 27123109 8 39 theme Eca-109 1498:1504 arg1 cells 1506:1510 Eca-109 cells 1498:1510 Eca-109 cells 1498:1510 Correspondingly, western blot analyses demonstrated that OGT knockdown significantly downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in Eca-109 cells. 27123109 0 40 theme O-linked 18:25 arg1 transferase 47:57 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 18:57 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 18:57 Downregulation of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase by RNA interference decreases MMP9 expression in human esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 8 41 theme metalloproteinase 1468:1484 arg1 expression 1447:1456 the expression 1443:1456 the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in Eca-109 cells 1443:1510 Correspondingly, western blot analyses demonstrated that OGT knockdown significantly downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in Eca-109 cells. 27123109 7 42 theme OGT 1334:1336 arg1 gene 1338:1341 the OGT gene 1330:1341 the OGT gene 1330:1341 Notably, transwell assays demonstrated that the migratory ability of Eca-109 cells was significantly suppressed following knockdown of the OGT gene. 27123109 6 43 theme control 1180:1186 arg1 shRNA 1188:1192 control shRNA 1180:1192 control shRNA 1180:1192 In addition, colony formation and cell proliferation assays demonstrated that OGT-specific shRNA decreased the proliferation of Eca-109 cells; however, there was no significant statistical difference between OGT-specific shRNA and control shRNA. 27123109 4 44 theme hairpin 637:643 arg1 shRNA 650:654 shRNA 650:654 shRNA 650:654 The current study reports that OGT knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) did not affect cell viability; however, cell migration in esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells was significantly reduced. 27123109 4 44 theme hairpin 637:643 arg1 RNA 645:647 short hairpin RNA 631:647 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) 631:655 The current study reports that OGT knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) did not affect cell viability; however, cell migration in esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells was significantly reduced. 27123109 5 45 theme OGT-specific 774:785 arg1 vectors 793:799 OGT-specific shRNA vectors 774:799 OGT-specific shRNA vectors 774:799 OGT-specific shRNA vectors efficiently decreased the protein and mRNA levels of OGT and the RL2 level (a marker of O-GlcNAcylation levels) in Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 0 46 from expression 94:103 arg1 cells 132:136 human esophageal cancer cells 108:136 human esophageal cancer cells 108:136 Downregulation of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase by RNA interference decreases MMP9 expression in human esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 5 47 theme shRNA 787:791 arg1 vectors 793:799 OGT-specific shRNA vectors 774:799 OGT-specific shRNA vectors 774:799 OGT-specific shRNA vectors efficiently decreased the protein and mRNA levels of OGT and the RL2 level (a marker of O-GlcNAcylation levels) in Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 5 48 theme esophageal 924:933 arg1 cells 942:946 Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells 916:946 Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells 916:946 OGT-specific shRNA vectors efficiently decreased the protein and mRNA levels of OGT and the RL2 level (a marker of O-GlcNAcylation levels) in Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 4 49 theme cell 697:700 arg1 migration 702:710 cell migration 697:710 cell migration in esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells 697:745 The current study reports that OGT knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) did not affect cell viability; however, cell migration in esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells was significantly reduced. 27123109 0 50 theme transferase 47:57 arg1 Downregulation 0:13 Downregulation 0:13 Downregulation of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase by RNA interference 0:77 Downregulation of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase by RNA interference decreases MMP9 expression in human esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 3 51 theme esophageal 487:496 arg1 cancer 498:503 esophageal cancer 487:503 esophageal cancer 487:503 It was recently demonstrated that OGT and the level of O-GlcNAcylation are upregulated in esophageal cancer; however, the physiological consequences of this upregulation remain unknown. 27123109 8 52 theme blot 1369:1372 arg1 analyses 1374:1381 western blot analyses 1361:1381 western blot analyses 1361:1381 Correspondingly, western blot analyses demonstrated that OGT knockdown significantly downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in Eca-109 cells. 27123109 2 53 theme carbohydrate 278:289 arg1 modification 291:302 a post-translational carbohydrate modification 257:302 a post-translational carbohydrate modification of diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins by the addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 257:394 O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational carbohydrate modification of diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins by the addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine. 27123109 2 53 theme carbohydrate 278:289 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 238:252 O-GlcNAcylation 238:252 O-GlcNAcylation 238:252 O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational carbohydrate modification of diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins by the addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine. 27123109 3 54 theme physiological 519:531 arg1 consequences 533:544 the physiological consequences 515:544 the physiological consequences of this upregulation 515:565 It was recently demonstrated that OGT and the level of O-GlcNAcylation are upregulated in esophageal cancer; however, the physiological consequences of this upregulation remain unknown. 27123109 7 55 theme transwell 1204:1212 arg1 assays 1214:1219 transwell assays 1204:1219 transwell assays 1204:1219 Notably, transwell assays demonstrated that the migratory ability of Eca-109 cells was significantly suppressed following knockdown of the OGT gene. 27123109 6 56 theme proliferation 988:1000 arg1 assays 1002:1007 colony formation and cell proliferation assays 962:1007 colony formation and cell proliferation assays 962:1007 In addition, colony formation and cell proliferation assays demonstrated that OGT-specific shRNA decreased the proliferation of Eca-109 cells; however, there was no significant statistical difference between OGT-specific shRNA and control shRNA. 27123109 2 57 theme post-translational 259:276 arg1 modification 291:302 a post-translational carbohydrate modification 257:302 a post-translational carbohydrate modification of diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins by the addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 257:394 O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational carbohydrate modification of diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins by the addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine. 27123109 2 57 theme post-translational 259:276 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 238:252 O-GlcNAcylation 238:252 O-GlcNAcylation 238:252 O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational carbohydrate modification of diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins by the addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine. 27123109 0 58 theme RNA 62:64 arg1 interference 66:77 RNA interference 62:77 RNA interference 62:77 Downregulation of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase by RNA interference decreases MMP9 expression in human esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 6 59 theme cell 983:986 arg1 proliferation 988:1000 cell proliferation 983:1000 cell proliferation 983:1000 In addition, colony formation and cell proliferation assays demonstrated that OGT-specific shRNA decreased the proliferation of Eca-109 cells; however, there was no significant statistical difference between OGT-specific shRNA and control shRNA. 27123109 6 60 theme significant 1114:1124 arg1 difference 1138:1147 no significant statistical difference 1111:1147 no significant statistical difference between OGT-specific shRNA and control shRNA 1111:1192 In addition, colony formation and cell proliferation assays demonstrated that OGT-specific shRNA decreased the proliferation of Eca-109 cells; however, there was no significant statistical difference between OGT-specific shRNA and control shRNA. 27123109 1 61 theme O-linked 139:146 arg1 OGT 181:183 OGT 181:183 OGT 181:183 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) catalyzes O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation). 27123109 1 61 theme O-linked 139:146 arg1 transferase 168:178 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 139:178 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 139:184 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) catalyzes O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation). 27123109 2 62 link O-linked 365:372 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 374:394 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 365:394 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 365:394 O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational carbohydrate modification of diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins by the addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine. 27123109 5 63 from levels 844:849 arg1 cells 942:946 Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells 916:946 Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells 916:946 OGT-specific shRNA vectors efficiently decreased the protein and mRNA levels of OGT and the RL2 level (a marker of O-GlcNAcylation levels) in Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 2 64 mod modification 291:302 arg3 carbohydrate 278:289 a post-translational carbohydrate modification 257:302 a post-translational carbohydrate modification of diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins by the addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 257:394 O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational carbohydrate modification of diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins by the addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine. 27123109 2 64 mod modification 291:302 arg1 proteins 337:344 diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins 307:344 diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins 307:344 O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational carbohydrate modification of diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins by the addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine. 27123109 1 65 theme N-acetylglucosamine 148:166 arg1 OGT 181:183 OGT 181:183 OGT 181:183 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) catalyzes O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation). 27123109 1 65 theme N-acetylglucosamine 148:166 arg1 transferase 168:178 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 139:178 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 139:184 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) catalyzes O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation). 27123109 8 66 theme western 1361:1367 arg1 analyses 1374:1381 western blot analyses 1361:1381 western blot analyses 1361:1381 Correspondingly, western blot analyses demonstrated that OGT knockdown significantly downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in Eca-109 cells. 27123109 1 67 link O-linked 139:146 arg1 OGT 181:183 OGT 181:183 OGT 181:183 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) catalyzes O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation). 27123109 1 67 link O-linked 139:146 arg1 transferase 168:178 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 139:178 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 139:184 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) catalyzes O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation). 27123109 2 68 theme nuclear 315:321 arg1 proteins 337:344 diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins 307:344 diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins 307:344 O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational carbohydrate modification of diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins by the addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine. 27123109 3 69 theme upregulation 554:565 arg1 consequences 533:544 the physiological consequences 515:544 the physiological consequences of this upregulation 515:565 It was recently demonstrated that OGT and the level of O-GlcNAcylation are upregulated in esophageal cancer; however, the physiological consequences of this upregulation remain unknown. 27123109 8 70 theme OGT 1401:1403 arg1 knockdown 1405:1413 OGT knockdown 1401:1413 OGT knockdown 1401:1413 Correspondingly, western blot analyses demonstrated that OGT knockdown significantly downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in Eca-109 cells. 27123109 0 71 theme MMP9 89:92 arg1 expression 94:103 MMP9 expression 89:103 MMP9 expression in human esophageal cancer cells 89:136 Downregulation of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase by RNA interference decreases MMP9 expression in human esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 5 72 theme levels 905:910 arg1 marker 879:884 a marker 877:884 a marker of O-GlcNAcylation levels 877:910 OGT-specific shRNA vectors efficiently decreased the protein and mRNA levels of OGT and the RL2 level (a marker of O-GlcNAcylation levels) in Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 2 73 theme diverse 307:313 arg1 proteins 337:344 diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins 307:344 diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins 307:344 O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational carbohydrate modification of diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins by the addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine. 27123109 9 74 theme cells 1616:1620 arg1 metastasis 1584:1593 metastasis 1584:1593 metastasis 1584:1593 These results suggest that OGT may promote the migration, invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer cells by enhancing the stability or expression of MMP9. 27123109 9 74 theme cells 1616:1620 arg1 invasion 1571:1578 invasion 1571:1578 invasion 1571:1578 These results suggest that OGT may promote the migration, invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer cells by enhancing the stability or expression of MMP9. 27123109 9 74 theme cells 1616:1620 arg1 migration 1560:1568 migration 1560:1568 migration 1560:1568 These results suggest that OGT may promote the migration, invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer cells by enhancing the stability or expression of MMP9. 27123109 5 75 theme cancer 935:940 arg1 cells 942:946 Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells 916:946 Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells 916:946 OGT-specific shRNA vectors efficiently decreased the protein and mRNA levels of OGT and the RL2 level (a marker of O-GlcNAcylation levels) in Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 8 76 from expression 1447:1456 arg1 cells 1506:1510 Eca-109 cells 1498:1510 Eca-109 cells 1498:1510 Correspondingly, western blot analyses demonstrated that OGT knockdown significantly downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in Eca-109 cells. 27123109 6 77 theme cells 1085:1089 arg1 proliferation 1060:1072 the proliferation 1056:1072 the proliferation of Eca-109 cells 1056:1089 In addition, colony formation and cell proliferation assays demonstrated that OGT-specific shRNA decreased the proliferation of Eca-109 cells; however, there was no significant statistical difference between OGT-specific shRNA and control shRNA. 27123109 6 78 theme statistical 1126:1136 arg1 difference 1138:1147 no significant statistical difference 1111:1147 no significant statistical difference between OGT-specific shRNA and control shRNA 1111:1192 In addition, colony formation and cell proliferation assays demonstrated that OGT-specific shRNA decreased the proliferation of Eca-109 cells; however, there was no significant statistical difference between OGT-specific shRNA and control shRNA. 27123109 6 79 theme formation 969:977 arg1 assays 1002:1007 colony formation and cell proliferation assays 962:1007 colony formation and cell proliferation assays 962:1007 In addition, colony formation and cell proliferation assays demonstrated that OGT-specific shRNA decreased the proliferation of Eca-109 cells; however, there was no significant statistical difference between OGT-specific shRNA and control shRNA. 27123109 5 80 theme OGT 854:856 arg1 level 870:874 the RL2 level 862:874 the RL2 level (a marker of O-GlcNAcylation levels) in Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells 862:946 OGT-specific shRNA vectors efficiently decreased the protein and mRNA levels of OGT and the RL2 level (a marker of O-GlcNAcylation levels) in Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 5 80 theme OGT 854:856 arg1 levels 844:849 the protein and mRNA levels 823:849 levels 844:849 OGT-specific shRNA vectors efficiently decreased the protein and mRNA levels of OGT and the RL2 level (a marker of O-GlcNAcylation levels) in Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells. 27123109 4 81 theme Eca-109 733:739 arg1 cells 741:745 esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells 715:745 esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells 715:745 The current study reports that OGT knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) did not affect cell viability; however, cell migration in esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells was significantly reduced. 27123109 4 82 theme cell 672:675 arg1 viability 677:685 cell viability 672:685 cell viability 672:685 The current study reports that OGT knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) did not affect cell viability; however, cell migration in esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells was significantly reduced. 24660848 10 0 with levels 1420:1425 arg1 alterations 1474:1484 intestinal alterations 1463:1484 intestinal alterations 1463:1484 Abnormal intestinal permeability, low serum folate levels, and its possible relationship with intestinal alterations, and reduced PA, may be associated with poor nutritional status in cancer patients. 24660848 3 1 theme cytotoxic 654:662 arg1 T1 673:674 T1 673:674 T1 673:674 Intestinal permeability, serum folate, and retinol and nutritional status of 22 patients with hematologic malignancies and 17 healthy volunteers [control group (CG)] were assessed before (T0) and after cytotoxic therapy (T1). 24660848 3 1 theme cytotoxic 654:662 arg1 therapy 664:670 cytotoxic therapy 654:670 cytotoxic therapy (T1) 654:675 Intestinal permeability, serum folate, and retinol and nutritional status of 22 patients with hematologic malignancies and 17 healthy volunteers [control group (CG)] were assessed before (T0) and after cytotoxic therapy (T1). 24660848 0 2 with patients 85:92 arg1 cancer 99:104 cancer 99:104 cancer 99:104 Changes in intestinal permeability and nutritional status after cytotoxic therapy in patients with cancer. 24660848 2 3 theme nutrients 346:354 arg1 concentrations 322:335 serum concentrations 316:335 serum concentrations of these nutrients in patients with cancer 316:378 It is still unclear if cytotoxic therapy affects serum concentrations of these nutrients in patients with cancer and if this would be associated with disturbances of intestinal mucosa. 24660848 10 4 theme folate 1413:1418 arg1 levels 1420:1425 low serum folate levels 1403:1425 low serum folate levels 1403:1425 Abnormal intestinal permeability, low serum folate levels, and its possible relationship with intestinal alterations, and reduced PA, may be associated with poor nutritional status in cancer patients. 24660848 3 5 theme Intestinal 452:461 arg1 permeability 463:474 Intestinal permeability 452:474 Intestinal permeability 452:474 Intestinal permeability, serum folate, and retinol and nutritional status of 22 patients with hematologic malignancies and 17 healthy volunteers [control group (CG)] were assessed before (T0) and after cytotoxic therapy (T1). 24660848 0 6 from Changes 0:6 arg1 permeability 22:33 intestinal permeability 11:33 intestinal permeability 11:33 Changes in intestinal permeability and nutritional status after cytotoxic therapy in patients with cancer. 24660848 0 6 from Changes 0:6 arg1 status 51:56 nutritional status 39:56 nutritional status 39:56 Changes in intestinal permeability and nutritional status after cytotoxic therapy in patients with cancer. 24660848 9 7 theme ± 1353:1353 arg1 0.20 μmol/L 1355:1365 1.86 ± 0.20 μmol/L 1348:1365 CG: 1.86 ± 0.20 μmol/L 1344:1365 Serum retinol did not differ from CG and did not change at T1 (1.83 ± 0.30 μmol/L vs. 1.69 ± 0.3 μmol/L; CG: 1.86 ± 0.20 μmol/L). 24660848 3 8 theme patients 532:539 arg1 permeability 463:474 Intestinal permeability 452:474 Intestinal permeability 452:474 Intestinal permeability, serum folate, and retinol and nutritional status of 22 patients with hematologic malignancies and 17 healthy volunteers [control group (CG)] were assessed before (T0) and after cytotoxic therapy (T1). 24660848 3 8 theme patients 532:539 arg1 folate 483:488 serum folate 477:488 serum folate 477:488 Intestinal permeability, serum folate, and retinol and nutritional status of 22 patients with hematologic malignancies and 17 healthy volunteers [control group (CG)] were assessed before (T0) and after cytotoxic therapy (T1). 24660848 3 8 theme patients 532:539 arg1 retinol 495:501 retinol 495:501 retinol 495:501 Intestinal permeability, serum folate, and retinol and nutritional status of 22 patients with hematologic malignancies and 17 healthy volunteers [control group (CG)] were assessed before (T0) and after cytotoxic therapy (T1). 24660848 3 8 theme patients 532:539 arg1 status 519:524 nutritional status 507:524 nutritional status 507:524 Intestinal permeability, serum folate, and retinol and nutritional status of 22 patients with hematologic malignancies and 17 healthy volunteers [control group (CG)] were assessed before (T0) and after cytotoxic therapy (T1). 24660848 10 9 theme intestinal 1463:1472 arg1 alterations 1474:1484 intestinal alterations 1463:1484 intestinal alterations 1463:1484 Abnormal intestinal permeability, low serum folate levels, and its possible relationship with intestinal alterations, and reduced PA, may be associated with poor nutritional status in cancer patients. 24660848 6 10 theme 0.014 vs. 921:929 arg1 ratio 906:910 Lactulose/mannitol ratio 887:910 Lactulose/mannitol ratio (0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037) 887:944 Lactulose/mannitol ratio (0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037) and lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) increased at T1. 24660848 6 10 theme 0.014 vs. 921:929 arg1 ± 937:937 0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037 913:943 0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037 913:943 Lactulose/mannitol ratio (0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037) and lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) increased at T1. 24660848 3 11 with volunteers 586:595 arg1 malignancies 558:569 hematologic malignancies 546:569 hematologic malignancies 546:569 Intestinal permeability, serum folate, and retinol and nutritional status of 22 patients with hematologic malignancies and 17 healthy volunteers [control group (CG)] were assessed before (T0) and after cytotoxic therapy (T1). 24660848 6 12 theme ± 919:919 arg1 ratio 906:910 Lactulose/mannitol ratio 887:910 Lactulose/mannitol ratio (0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037) 887:944 Lactulose/mannitol ratio (0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037) and lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) increased at T1. 24660848 6 12 theme ± 919:919 arg1 ± 937:937 0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037 913:943 0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037 913:943 Lactulose/mannitol ratio (0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037) and lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) increased at T1. 24660848 5 13 theme body 774:777 arg1 composition 779:789 body composition 774:789 body composition 774:789 Anthropometric, body composition, phase angle (PA), and biochemical analysis (albumin, retinol, and folate) were also performed. 24660848 4 14 theme intestinal 733:742 arg1 permeability 744:755 intestinal permeability 733:755 intestinal permeability 733:755 Ingestion of lactulose and mannitol was used to assess intestinal permeability. 24660848 6 15 theme % 982:982 arg1 % 998:998 0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6% 971:998 0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6% 971:998 Lactulose/mannitol ratio (0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037) and lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) increased at T1. 24660848 6 15 theme % 982:982 arg1 excretion 960:968 lactulose excretion 950:968 lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) 950:999 Lactulose/mannitol ratio (0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037) and lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) increased at T1. 24660848 7 16 dep decreased 1021:1029 arg1 ± 1036:1036 7.2 ± 1.9° vs. 6.2 ± 0.9° 1032:1056 7.2 ± 1.9° vs. 6.2 ± 0.9° 1032:1056 PA decreased (7.2 ± 1.9° vs. 6.2 ± 0.9°). 24660848 8 17 dep T1 1199:1200 arg1 nmol/L 1214:1219 17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L 1203:1219 17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L 1203:1219 Serum folate and albumin (20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L, 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L) were lower than CG (39.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L, 42.9 ± 5.2 g/L) but did not change at T1 (17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L, 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L). 24660848 8 17 dep T1 1199:1200 arg1 4.5 g/L 1229:1235 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L 1222:1235 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L 1222:1235 Serum folate and albumin (20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L, 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L) were lower than CG (39.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L, 42.9 ± 5.2 g/L) but did not change at T1 (17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L, 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L). 24660848 9 18 theme Serum 1239:1243 arg1 retinol 1245:1251 Serum retinol 1239:1251 Serum retinol 1239:1251 Serum retinol did not differ from CG and did not change at T1 (1.83 ± 0.30 μmol/L vs. 1.69 ± 0.3 μmol/L; CG: 1.86 ± 0.20 μmol/L). 24660848 6 19 theme ± 993:993 arg1 % 998:998 0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6% 971:998 0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6% 971:998 Lactulose/mannitol ratio (0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037) and lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) increased at T1. 24660848 6 19 theme ± 993:993 arg1 excretion 960:968 lactulose excretion 950:968 lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) 950:999 Lactulose/mannitol ratio (0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037) and lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) increased at T1. 24660848 6 20 theme  vs. 983:986 arg1 % 998:998 0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6% 971:998 0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6% 971:998 Lactulose/mannitol ratio (0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037) and lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) increased at T1. 24660848 6 20 theme  vs. 983:986 arg1 excretion 960:968 lactulose excretion 950:968 lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) 950:999 Lactulose/mannitol ratio (0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037) and lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) increased at T1. 24660848 2 21 theme mucosa 444:449 arg1 disturbances 417:428 disturbances 417:428 disturbances of intestinal mucosa 417:449 It is still unclear if cytotoxic therapy affects serum concentrations of these nutrients in patients with cancer and if this would be associated with disturbances of intestinal mucosa. 24660848 10 22 theme low 1403:1405 arg1 levels 1420:1425 low serum folate levels 1403:1425 low serum folate levels 1403:1425 Abnormal intestinal permeability, low serum folate levels, and its possible relationship with intestinal alterations, and reduced PA, may be associated with poor nutritional status in cancer patients. 24660848 9 23 dep T1 1298:1299 arg1 0.3 μmol/L 1332:1341 1.83 ± 0.30 μmol/L vs. 1.69 ± 0.3 μmol/L 1302:1341 0.3 μmol/L 1332:1341 Serum retinol did not differ from CG and did not change at T1 (1.83 ± 0.30 μmol/L vs. 1.69 ± 0.3 μmol/L; CG: 1.86 ± 0.20 μmol/L). 24660848 9 23 dep T1 1298:1299 arg1 0.30 μmol/L 1309:1319 1.83 ± 0.30 μmol/L vs. 1.69 ± 0.3 μmol/L 1302:1341 0.30 μmol/L 1309:1319 Serum retinol did not differ from CG and did not change at T1 (1.83 ± 0.30 μmol/L vs. 1.69 ± 0.3 μmol/L; CG: 1.86 ± 0.20 μmol/L). 24660848 8 24 theme ± 1166:1166 arg1 nmol/L 1153:1158 39.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L 1141:1158 39.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L 1141:1158 Serum folate and albumin (20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L, 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L) were lower than CG (39.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L, 42.9 ± 5.2 g/L) but did not change at T1 (17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L, 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L). 24660848 8 24 theme ± 1166:1166 arg1 5.2 g/L 1168:1174 42.9 ± 5.2 g/L 1161:1174 42.9 ± 5.2 g/L 1161:1174 Serum folate and albumin (20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L, 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L) were lower than CG (39.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L, 42.9 ± 5.2 g/L) but did not change at T1 (17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L, 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L). 24660848 5 25 theme biochemical 814:824 arg1 analysis 826:833 biochemical analysis 814:833 biochemical analysis (albumin, retinol, and folate) 814:864 Anthropometric, body composition, phase angle (PA), and biochemical analysis (albumin, retinol, and folate) were also performed. 24660848 2 26 theme intestinal 433:442 arg1 mucosa 444:449 intestinal mucosa 433:449 intestinal mucosa 433:449 It is still unclear if cytotoxic therapy affects serum concentrations of these nutrients in patients with cancer and if this would be associated with disturbances of intestinal mucosa. 24660848 10 27 with PA 1499:1500 arg1 alterations 1474:1484 intestinal alterations 1463:1484 intestinal alterations 1463:1484 Abnormal intestinal permeability, low serum folate levels, and its possible relationship with intestinal alterations, and reduced PA, may be associated with poor nutritional status in cancer patients. 24660848 10 28 theme nutritional 1531:1541 arg1 status 1543:1548 poor nutritional status 1526:1548 poor nutritional status in cancer patients 1526:1567 Abnormal intestinal permeability, low serum folate levels, and its possible relationship with intestinal alterations, and reduced PA, may be associated with poor nutritional status in cancer patients. 24660848 4 29 theme lactulose 691:699 arg1 Ingestion 678:686 Ingestion 678:686 Ingestion of lactulose and mannitol 678:712 Ingestion of lactulose and mannitol was used to assess intestinal permeability. 24660848 6 30 theme 0.18 978:981 arg1 % 998:998 0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6% 971:998 0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6% 971:998 Lactulose/mannitol ratio (0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037) and lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) increased at T1. 24660848 6 30 theme 0.18 978:981 arg1 excretion 960:968 lactulose excretion 950:968 lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) 950:999 Lactulose/mannitol ratio (0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037) and lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) increased at T1. 24660848 8 31 dep albumin 1077:1083 arg1 5.5 g/L 1112:1118 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L 1105:1118 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L 1105:1118 Serum folate and albumin (20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L, 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L) were lower than CG (39.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L, 42.9 ± 5.2 g/L) but did not change at T1 (17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L, 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L). 24660848 8 31 dep albumin 1077:1083 arg1 nmol/L 1097:1102 20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L 1086:1102 20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L 1086:1102 Serum folate and albumin (20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L, 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L) were lower than CG (39.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L, 42.9 ± 5.2 g/L) but did not change at T1 (17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L, 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L). 24660848 10 32 theme reduced 1491:1497 arg1 PA 1499:1500 reduced PA 1491:1500 reduced PA 1491:1500 Abnormal intestinal permeability, low serum folate levels, and its possible relationship with intestinal alterations, and reduced PA, may be associated with poor nutritional status in cancer patients. 24660848 2 33 theme cytotoxic 290:298 arg1 therapy 300:306 cytotoxic therapy 290:306 cytotoxic therapy 290:306 It is still unclear if cytotoxic therapy affects serum concentrations of these nutrients in patients with cancer and if this would be associated with disturbances of intestinal mucosa. 24660848 2 34 from concentrations 322:335 arg1 patients 359:366 patients 359:366 patients with cancer 359:378 It is still unclear if cytotoxic therapy affects serum concentrations of these nutrients in patients with cancer and if this would be associated with disturbances of intestinal mucosa. 24660848 6 35 theme ± 976:976 arg1 % 998:998 0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6% 971:998 0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6% 971:998 Lactulose/mannitol ratio (0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037) and lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) increased at T1. 24660848 6 35 theme ± 976:976 arg1 excretion 960:968 lactulose excretion 950:968 lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) 950:999 Lactulose/mannitol ratio (0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037) and lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) increased at T1. 24660848 0 36 theme intestinal 11:20 arg1 permeability 22:33 intestinal permeability 11:33 intestinal permeability 11:33 Changes in intestinal permeability and nutritional status after cytotoxic therapy in patients with cancer. 24660848 10 37 theme possible 1436:1443 arg1 relationship 1445:1456 its possible relationship 1432:1456 its possible relationship with intestinal alterations 1432:1484 Abnormal intestinal permeability, low serum folate levels, and its possible relationship with intestinal alterations, and reduced PA, may be associated with poor nutritional status in cancer patients. 24660848 10 38 theme cancer 1553:1558 arg1 patients 1560:1567 cancer patients 1553:1567 cancer patients 1553:1567 Abnormal intestinal permeability, low serum folate levels, and its possible relationship with intestinal alterations, and reduced PA, may be associated with poor nutritional status in cancer patients. 24660848 4 39 theme mannitol 705:712 arg1 Ingestion 678:686 Ingestion 678:686 Ingestion of lactulose and mannitol 678:712 Ingestion of lactulose and mannitol was used to assess intestinal permeability. 24660848 9 40 dep CG 1344:1345 arg1 0.20 μmol/L 1355:1365 1.86 ± 0.20 μmol/L 1348:1365 CG: 1.86 ± 0.20 μmol/L 1344:1365 Serum retinol did not differ from CG and did not change at T1 (1.83 ± 0.30 μmol/L vs. 1.69 ± 0.3 μmol/L; CG: 1.86 ± 0.20 μmol/L). 24660848 0 41 theme nutritional 39:49 arg1 status 51:56 nutritional status 39:56 nutritional status 39:56 Changes in intestinal permeability and nutritional status after cytotoxic therapy in patients with cancer. 24660848 6 42 theme Lactulose/mannitol 887:904 arg1 ratio 906:910 Lactulose/mannitol ratio 887:910 Lactulose/mannitol ratio (0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037) 887:944 Lactulose/mannitol ratio (0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037) and lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) increased at T1. 24660848 6 42 theme Lactulose/mannitol 887:904 arg1 ± 937:937 0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037 913:943 0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037 913:943 Lactulose/mannitol ratio (0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037) and lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) increased at T1. 24660848 8 43 theme ± 1208:1208 arg1 nmol/L 1214:1219 17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L 1203:1219 17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L 1203:1219 Serum folate and albumin (20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L, 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L) were lower than CG (39.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L, 42.9 ± 5.2 g/L) but did not change at T1 (17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L, 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L). 24660848 8 43 theme ± 1208:1208 arg1 4.5 g/L 1229:1235 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L 1222:1235 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L 1222:1235 Serum folate and albumin (20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L, 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L) were lower than CG (39.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L, 42.9 ± 5.2 g/L) but did not change at T1 (17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L, 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L). 24660848 3 44 theme [control 597:604 arg1 CG 613:614 CG 613:614 CG 613:614 Intestinal permeability, serum folate, and retinol and nutritional status of 22 patients with hematologic malignancies and 17 healthy volunteers [control group (CG)] were assessed before (T0) and after cytotoxic therapy (T1). 24660848 3 44 theme [control 597:604 arg1 group 606:610 [control group 597:610 [control group (CG) 597:615 Intestinal permeability, serum folate, and retinol and nutritional status of 22 patients with hematologic malignancies and 17 healthy volunteers [control group (CG)] were assessed before (T0) and after cytotoxic therapy (T1). 24660848 8 45 theme ± 1091:1091 arg1 5.5 g/L 1112:1118 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L 1105:1118 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L 1105:1118 Serum folate and albumin (20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L, 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L) were lower than CG (39.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L, 42.9 ± 5.2 g/L) but did not change at T1 (17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L, 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L). 24660848 8 45 theme ± 1091:1091 arg1 nmol/L 1097:1102 20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L 1086:1102 20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L 1086:1102 Serum folate and albumin (20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L, 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L) were lower than CG (39.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L, 42.9 ± 5.2 g/L) but did not change at T1 (17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L, 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L). 24660848 8 46 theme ± 1110:1110 arg1 5.5 g/L 1112:1118 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L 1105:1118 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L 1105:1118 Serum folate and albumin (20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L, 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L) were lower than CG (39.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L, 42.9 ± 5.2 g/L) but did not change at T1 (17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L, 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L). 24660848 8 46 theme ± 1110:1110 arg1 nmol/L 1097:1102 20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L 1086:1102 20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L 1086:1102 Serum folate and albumin (20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L, 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L) were lower than CG (39.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L, 42.9 ± 5.2 g/L) but did not change at T1 (17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L, 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L). 24660848 6 47 theme lactulose 950:958 arg1 % 998:998 0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6% 971:998 0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6% 971:998 Lactulose/mannitol ratio (0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037) and lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) increased at T1. 24660848 6 47 theme lactulose 950:958 arg1 excretion 960:968 lactulose excretion 950:968 lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) 950:999 Lactulose/mannitol ratio (0.026 ± 0.014 vs. 0.052 ± 0.037) and lactulose excretion (0.27 ± 0.18% vs. 0.53 ± 0.6%) increased at T1. 24660848 10 48 theme Abnormal 1369:1376 arg1 permeability 1389:1400 Abnormal intestinal permeability 1369:1400 Abnormal intestinal permeability 1369:1400 Abnormal intestinal permeability, low serum folate levels, and its possible relationship with intestinal alterations, and reduced PA, may be associated with poor nutritional status in cancer patients. 24660848 8 49 theme Serum 1060:1064 arg1 folate 1066:1071 Serum folate 1060:1071 Serum folate 1060:1071 Serum folate and albumin (20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L, 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L) were lower than CG (39.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L, 42.9 ± 5.2 g/L) but did not change at T1 (17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L, 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L). 24660848 0 50 from therapy 74:80 arg1 patients 85:92 patients 85:92 patients with cancer 85:104 Changes in intestinal permeability and nutritional status after cytotoxic therapy in patients with cancer. 24660848 5 51 dep analysis 826:833 arg1 retinol 845:851 retinol 845:851 retinol 845:851 Anthropometric, body composition, phase angle (PA), and biochemical analysis (albumin, retinol, and folate) were also performed. 24660848 5 51 dep analysis 826:833 arg1 folate 858:863 folate 858:863 folate 858:863 Anthropometric, body composition, phase angle (PA), and biochemical analysis (albumin, retinol, and folate) were also performed. 24660848 5 51 dep analysis 826:833 arg1 albumin 836:842 albumin 836:842 albumin 836:842 Anthropometric, body composition, phase angle (PA), and biochemical analysis (albumin, retinol, and folate) were also performed. 24660848 1 52 theme intestinal 215:224 arg1 proliferation 231:243 intestinal cell proliferation 215:243 intestinal cell proliferation (retinol and folate) 215:264 Damage to intestinal mucosa may impair nutritional status and increase the demand for nutrients involved in intestinal cell proliferation (retinol and folate). 24660848 3 53 with patients 532:539 arg1 malignancies 558:569 hematologic malignancies 546:569 hematologic malignancies 546:569 Intestinal permeability, serum folate, and retinol and nutritional status of 22 patients with hematologic malignancies and 17 healthy volunteers [control group (CG)] were assessed before (T0) and after cytotoxic therapy (T1). 24660848 9 54 dep 0.30 μmol/L 1309:1319 arg1 CG 1344:1345 CG 1344:1345 CG: 1.86 ± 0.20 μmol/L 1344:1365 Serum retinol did not differ from CG and did not change at T1 (1.83 ± 0.30 μmol/L vs. 1.69 ± 0.3 μmol/L; CG: 1.86 ± 0.20 μmol/L). 24660848 1 55 dep proliferation 231:243 arg1 folate 258:263 folate 258:263 folate 258:263 Damage to intestinal mucosa may impair nutritional status and increase the demand for nutrients involved in intestinal cell proliferation (retinol and folate). 24660848 1 55 dep proliferation 231:243 arg1 retinol 246:252 retinol 246:252 retinol 246:252 Damage to intestinal mucosa may impair nutritional status and increase the demand for nutrients involved in intestinal cell proliferation (retinol and folate). 24660848 3 56 theme healthy 578:584 arg1 volunteers 586:595 17 healthy volunteers 575:595 17 healthy volunteers 575:595 Intestinal permeability, serum folate, and retinol and nutritional status of 22 patients with hematologic malignancies and 17 healthy volunteers [control group (CG)] were assessed before (T0) and after cytotoxic therapy (T1). 24660848 10 57 theme serum 1407:1411 arg1 levels 1420:1425 low serum folate levels 1403:1425 low serum folate levels 1403:1425 Abnormal intestinal permeability, low serum folate levels, and its possible relationship with intestinal alterations, and reduced PA, may be associated with poor nutritional status in cancer patients. 24660848 10 58 theme poor 1526:1529 arg1 status 1543:1548 poor nutritional status 1526:1548 poor nutritional status in cancer patients 1526:1567 Abnormal intestinal permeability, low serum folate levels, and its possible relationship with intestinal alterations, and reduced PA, may be associated with poor nutritional status in cancer patients. 24660848 8 59 theme ± 1227:1227 arg1 nmol/L 1214:1219 17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L 1203:1219 17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L 1203:1219 Serum folate and albumin (20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L, 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L) were lower than CG (39.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L, 42.9 ± 5.2 g/L) but did not change at T1 (17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L, 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L). 24660848 8 59 theme ± 1227:1227 arg1 4.5 g/L 1229:1235 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L 1222:1235 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L 1222:1235 Serum folate and albumin (20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L, 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L) were lower than CG (39.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L, 42.9 ± 5.2 g/L) but did not change at T1 (17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L, 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L). 24660848 3 60 theme volunteers 586:595 arg1 permeability 463:474 Intestinal permeability 452:474 Intestinal permeability 452:474 Intestinal permeability, serum folate, and retinol and nutritional status of 22 patients with hematologic malignancies and 17 healthy volunteers [control group (CG)] were assessed before (T0) and after cytotoxic therapy (T1). 24660848 3 60 theme volunteers 586:595 arg1 folate 483:488 serum folate 477:488 serum folate 477:488 Intestinal permeability, serum folate, and retinol and nutritional status of 22 patients with hematologic malignancies and 17 healthy volunteers [control group (CG)] were assessed before (T0) and after cytotoxic therapy (T1). 24660848 3 60 theme volunteers 586:595 arg1 retinol 495:501 retinol 495:501 retinol 495:501 Intestinal permeability, serum folate, and retinol and nutritional status of 22 patients with hematologic malignancies and 17 healthy volunteers [control group (CG)] were assessed before (T0) and after cytotoxic therapy (T1). 24660848 3 60 theme volunteers 586:595 arg1 status 519:524 nutritional status 507:524 nutritional status 507:524 Intestinal permeability, serum folate, and retinol and nutritional status of 22 patients with hematologic malignancies and 17 healthy volunteers [control group (CG)] were assessed before (T0) and after cytotoxic therapy (T1). 24660848 1 61 theme intestinal 117:126 arg1 mucosa 128:133 intestinal mucosa 117:133 intestinal mucosa 117:133 Damage to intestinal mucosa may impair nutritional status and increase the demand for nutrients involved in intestinal cell proliferation (retinol and folate). 24660848 10 62 with permeability 1389:1400 arg1 alterations 1474:1484 intestinal alterations 1463:1484 intestinal alterations 1463:1484 Abnormal intestinal permeability, low serum folate levels, and its possible relationship with intestinal alterations, and reduced PA, may be associated with poor nutritional status in cancer patients. 24660848 9 63 theme ± 1330:1330 arg1 0.3 μmol/L 1332:1341 1.83 ± 0.30 μmol/L vs. 1.69 ± 0.3 μmol/L 1302:1341 0.3 μmol/L 1332:1341 Serum retinol did not differ from CG and did not change at T1 (1.83 ± 0.30 μmol/L vs. 1.69 ± 0.3 μmol/L; CG: 1.86 ± 0.20 μmol/L). 24660848 8 64 dep lower 1126:1130 arg1 nmol/L 1153:1158 39.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L 1141:1158 39.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L 1141:1158 Serum folate and albumin (20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L, 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L) were lower than CG (39.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L, 42.9 ± 5.2 g/L) but did not change at T1 (17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L, 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L). 24660848 8 64 dep lower 1126:1130 arg1 5.2 g/L 1168:1174 42.9 ± 5.2 g/L 1161:1174 42.9 ± 5.2 g/L 1161:1174 Serum folate and albumin (20.7 ± 9.5 nmol/L, 37.7 ± 5.5 g/L) were lower than CG (39.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L, 42.9 ± 5.2 g/L) but did not change at T1 (17.5 ± 7.0 nmol/L, 35.9 ± 4.5 g/L). 24660848 3 65 theme serum 477:481 arg1 folate 483:488 serum folate 477:488 serum folate 477:488 Intestinal permeability, serum folate, and retinol and nutritional status of 22 patients with hematologic malignancies and 17 healthy volunteers [control group (CG)] were assessed before (T0) and after cytotoxic therapy (T1). 24660848 3 66 theme hematologic 546:556 arg1 malignancies 558:569 hematologic malignancies 546:569 hematologic malignancies 546:569 Intestinal permeability, serum folate, and retinol and nutritional status of 22 patients with hematologic malignancies and 17 healthy volunteers [control group (CG)] were assessed before (T0) and after cytotoxic therapy (T1). 24660848 1 67 theme cell 226:229 arg1 proliferation 231:243 intestinal cell proliferation 215:243 intestinal cell proliferation (retinol and folate) 215:264 Damage to intestinal mucosa may impair nutritional status and increase the demand for nutrients involved in intestinal cell proliferation (retinol and folate). 24660848 2 68 theme serum 316:320 arg1 concentrations 322:335 serum concentrations 316:335 serum concentrations of these nutrients in patients with cancer 316:378 It is still unclear if cytotoxic therapy affects serum concentrations of these nutrients in patients with cancer and if this would be associated with disturbances of intestinal mucosa. 24660848 4 69 used used 718:721 arg2 Ingestion 678:686 Ingestion 678:686 Ingestion of lactulose and mannitol 678:712 Ingestion of lactulose and mannitol was used to assess intestinal permeability. 24660848 3 70 dep patients 532:539 arg1 CG 613:614 CG 613:614 CG 613:614 Intestinal permeability, serum folate, and retinol and nutritional status of 22 patients with hematologic malignancies and 17 healthy volunteers [control group (CG)] were assessed before (T0) and after cytotoxic therapy (T1). 24660848 3 70 dep patients 532:539 arg1 group 606:610 [control group 597:610 [control group (CG) 597:615 Intestinal permeability, serum folate, and retinol and nutritional status of 22 patients with hematologic malignancies and 17 healthy volunteers [control group (CG)] were assessed before (T0) and after cytotoxic therapy (T1). 24660848 10 71 from status 1543:1548 arg1 patients 1560:1567 cancer patients 1553:1567 cancer patients 1553:1567 Abnormal intestinal permeability, low serum folate levels, and its possible relationship with intestinal alterations, and reduced PA, may be associated with poor nutritional status in cancer patients. 24660848 2 72 with patients 359:366 arg1 cancer 373:378 cancer 373:378 cancer 373:378 It is still unclear if cytotoxic therapy affects serum concentrations of these nutrients in patients with cancer and if this would be associated with disturbances of intestinal mucosa. 24660848 10 73 theme intestinal 1378:1387 arg1 permeability 1389:1400 Abnormal intestinal permeability 1369:1400 Abnormal intestinal permeability 1369:1400 Abnormal intestinal permeability, low serum folate levels, and its possible relationship with intestinal alterations, and reduced PA, may be associated with poor nutritional status in cancer patients. 24660848 3 74 theme nutritional 507:517 arg1 status 519:524 nutritional status 507:524 nutritional status 507:524 Intestinal permeability, serum folate, and retinol and nutritional status of 22 patients with hematologic malignancies and 17 healthy volunteers [control group (CG)] were assessed before (T0) and after cytotoxic therapy (T1). 24660848 0 75 theme cytotoxic 64:72 arg1 therapy 74:80 cytotoxic therapy 64:80 cytotoxic therapy in patients with cancer 64:104 Changes in intestinal permeability and nutritional status after cytotoxic therapy in patients with cancer. 24660848 5 76 theme phase 792:796 arg1 PA 805:806 PA 805:806 PA 805:806 Anthropometric, body composition, phase angle (PA), and biochemical analysis (albumin, retinol, and folate) were also performed. 24660848 5 76 theme phase 792:796 arg1 angle 798:802 phase angle 792:802 phase angle (PA) 792:807 Anthropometric, body composition, phase angle (PA), and biochemical analysis (albumin, retinol, and folate) were also performed. 24660848 1 77 theme nutritional 146:156 arg1 status 158:163 nutritional status 146:163 nutritional status 146:163 Damage to intestinal mucosa may impair nutritional status and increase the demand for nutrients involved in intestinal cell proliferation (retinol and folate). 24660848 10 78 with relationship 1445:1456 arg1 alterations 1474:1484 intestinal alterations 1463:1484 intestinal alterations 1463:1484 Abnormal intestinal permeability, low serum folate levels, and its possible relationship with intestinal alterations, and reduced PA, may be associated with poor nutritional status in cancer patients. 24393459 0 0 from pollination 21:31 arg1 fruit 72:76 common fig fruit 61:76 common fig fruit 61:76 Relationship between pollination and cell wall properties in common fig fruit. 24393459 8 1 theme fig 943:945 arg1 receptacle 947:956 the fig receptacle 939:956 the fig receptacle 939:956 The methylation degree (DM) increased more with pollination affecting textural properties of the fig receptacle. 24393459 13 2 from enzymes 1401:1407 arg1 PME 1509:1511 PME 1509:1511 PME 1509:1511 Fertile seeds resulting from pollination may possibly take place in hormonal activity stimulating many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME). 24393459 13 2 from enzymes 1401:1407 arg1 polygalacturonase 1459:1475 particular polygalacturonase 1448:1475 particular polygalacturonase (PG) 1448:1480 Fertile seeds resulting from pollination may possibly take place in hormonal activity stimulating many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME). 24393459 13 2 from enzymes 1401:1407 arg1 methylesterase 1493:1506 pectin methylesterase 1486:1506 pectin methylesterase (PME) 1486:1512 Fertile seeds resulting from pollination may possibly take place in hormonal activity stimulating many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME). 24393459 13 2 from enzymes 1401:1407 arg1 PG 1478:1479 PG 1478:1479 PG 1478:1479 Fertile seeds resulting from pollination may possibly take place in hormonal activity stimulating many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME). 24393459 9 3 theme major 963:967 arg1 glucose 1002:1008 glucose 1002:1008 glucose (Glc) from cellulose followed by arabinose (Ara) 1002:1057 The major neutral sugars from the AIS were glucose (Glc) from cellulose followed by arabinose (Ara). 24393459 9 3 theme major 963:967 arg1 sugars 977:982 The major neutral sugars 959:982 The major neutral sugars from the AIS 959:995 The major neutral sugars from the AIS were glucose (Glc) from cellulose followed by arabinose (Ara). 24393459 4 4 theme matter 476:481 arg1 content 483:489 dry matter content 472:489 dry matter content 472:489 Pollination increased peel thickness, flesh thickness, fresh weight and dry matter content of the fruit. 24393459 5 5 from concentrated 542:553 arg1 tissue 568:573 the flesh tissue 558:573 the flesh tissue 558:573 Alcohol insoluble solids (AIS), more concentrated in the flesh tissue, were not influenced by the lack of pollination. 24393459 9 6 theme neutral 969:975 arg1 glucose 1002:1008 glucose 1002:1008 glucose (Glc) from cellulose followed by arabinose (Ara) 1002:1057 The major neutral sugars from the AIS were glucose (Glc) from cellulose followed by arabinose (Ara). 24393459 9 6 theme neutral 969:975 arg1 sugars 977:982 The major neutral sugars 959:982 The major neutral sugars from the AIS 959:995 The major neutral sugars from the AIS were glucose (Glc) from cellulose followed by arabinose (Ara). 24393459 10 7 theme sugars 1094:1099 arg1 content 1101:1107 neutral sugars content 1086:1107 neutral sugars content 1086:1107 No significant changes in neutral sugars content could be allocated to pollination. 24393459 13 8 theme many 1388:1391 arg1 enzymes 1401:1407 many related enzymes 1388:1407 many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME) 1388:1512 Fertile seeds resulting from pollination may possibly take place in hormonal activity stimulating many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME). 24393459 4 9 theme dry 472:474 arg1 content 483:489 dry matter content 472:489 dry matter content 472:489 Pollination increased peel thickness, flesh thickness, fresh weight and dry matter content of the fruit. 24393459 13 10 theme matrix 1421:1426 arg1 depolymerisation 1428:1443 the wall matrix depolymerisation 1412:1443 the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME) 1412:1512 Fertile seeds resulting from pollination may possibly take place in hormonal activity stimulating many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME). 24393459 5 11 theme concentrated 542:553 arg1 AIS 531:533 AIS 531:533 AIS 531:533 Alcohol insoluble solids (AIS), more concentrated in the flesh tissue, were not influenced by the lack of pollination. 24393459 5 11 theme concentrated 542:553 arg1 solids 523:528 Alcohol insoluble solids 505:528 Alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) 505:534 Alcohol insoluble solids (AIS), more concentrated in the flesh tissue, were not influenced by the lack of pollination. 24393459 7 12 from polymers 799:806 arg1 figs 811:814 figs 811:814 figs 811:814 Pectin polymers in figs were high methylated (DM>50). 24393459 10 13 theme neutral 1086:1092 arg1 content 1101:1107 neutral sugars content 1086:1107 neutral sugars content 1086:1107 No significant changes in neutral sugars content could be allocated to pollination. 24393459 8 14 theme receptacle 947:956 arg1 properties 925:934 textural properties 916:934 textural properties of the fig receptacle 916:956 The methylation degree (DM) increased more with pollination affecting textural properties of the fig receptacle. 24393459 6 15 from Concentrations 624:637 arg1 acids 649:653 uronic acids 642:653 uronic acids 642:653 Concentrations in uronic acids were higher in the AIS of the peel than that of the flesh and differences were significant between pollinated and non-pollinated fruits. 24393459 13 16 from depolymerisation 1428:1443 arg1 PME 1509:1511 PME 1509:1511 PME 1509:1511 Fertile seeds resulting from pollination may possibly take place in hormonal activity stimulating many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME). 24393459 13 16 from depolymerisation 1428:1443 arg1 polygalacturonase 1459:1475 particular polygalacturonase 1448:1475 particular polygalacturonase (PG) 1448:1480 Fertile seeds resulting from pollination may possibly take place in hormonal activity stimulating many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME). 24393459 13 16 from depolymerisation 1428:1443 arg1 methylesterase 1493:1506 pectin methylesterase 1486:1506 pectin methylesterase (PME) 1486:1512 Fertile seeds resulting from pollination may possibly take place in hormonal activity stimulating many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME). 24393459 13 16 from depolymerisation 1428:1443 arg1 PG 1478:1479 PG 1478:1479 PG 1478:1479 Fertile seeds resulting from pollination may possibly take place in hormonal activity stimulating many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME). 24393459 12 17 from maturity 1280:1287 arg1 composition 1252:1262 the cell wall composition 1238:1262 the cell wall composition of the fruit at maturity 1238:1287 Minor changes were determined in the cell wall composition of the fruit at maturity. 24393459 0 18 from properties 47:56 arg1 fruit 72:76 common fig fruit 61:76 common fig fruit 61:76 Relationship between pollination and cell wall properties in common fig fruit. 24393459 5 19 theme flesh 562:566 arg1 tissue 568:573 the flesh tissue 558:573 the flesh tissue 558:573 Alcohol insoluble solids (AIS), more concentrated in the flesh tissue, were not influenced by the lack of pollination. 24393459 2 20 theme fig 259:261 arg1 fruit 263:267 fig fruit 259:267 fig fruit 259:267 Cell wall behaviour and composition was followed in fig fruit in response to pollination during maturity. 24393459 6 21 theme uronic 642:647 arg1 acids 649:653 uronic acids 642:653 uronic acids 642:653 Concentrations in uronic acids were higher in the AIS of the peel than that of the flesh and differences were significant between pollinated and non-pollinated fruits. 24393459 13 22 theme related 1393:1399 arg1 enzymes 1401:1407 many related enzymes 1388:1407 many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME) 1388:1512 Fertile seeds resulting from pollination may possibly take place in hormonal activity stimulating many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME). 24393459 4 23 theme fresh 455:459 arg1 weight 461:466 fresh weight 455:466 fresh weight 455:466 Pollination increased peel thickness, flesh thickness, fresh weight and dry matter content of the fruit. 24393459 8 24 theme textural 916:923 arg1 properties 925:934 textural properties 916:934 textural properties of the fig receptacle 916:956 The methylation degree (DM) increased more with pollination affecting textural properties of the fig receptacle. 24393459 12 25 theme Minor 1205:1209 arg1 changes 1211:1217 Minor changes 1205:1217 Minor changes 1205:1217 Minor changes were determined in the cell wall composition of the fruit at maturity. 24393459 1 26 theme Most 79:82 arg1 types 94:98 Most botanical types 79:98 Most botanical types in fig Ficus carica 79:118 Most botanical types in fig Ficus carica require pollination to fulfil their development and ensure quality onset of the fruit. 24393459 4 27 theme flesh 438:442 arg1 thickness 444:452 flesh thickness 438:452 flesh thickness 438:452 Pollination increased peel thickness, flesh thickness, fresh weight and dry matter content of the fruit. 24393459 3 28 theme wall 385:388 arg1 cohesion 390:397 cell wall cohesion 380:397 cell wall cohesion 380:397 Figs, when ripe, soften drastically and lose of their firmness and cell wall cohesion. 24393459 1 29 theme botanical 84:92 arg1 types 94:98 Most botanical types 79:98 Most botanical types in fig Ficus carica 79:118 Most botanical types in fig Ficus carica require pollination to fulfil their development and ensure quality onset of the fruit. 24393459 1 30 theme quality 179:185 arg1 onset 187:191 quality onset 179:191 quality onset of the fruit 179:204 Most botanical types in fig Ficus carica require pollination to fulfil their development and ensure quality onset of the fruit. 24393459 11 31 from softening 1194:1202 arg1 essential 1159:1167 essential 1159:1167 essential 1159:1167 Pollination is essential in fruit enlargement and softening. 24393459 13 32 theme pectin 1486:1491 arg1 PME 1509:1511 PME 1509:1511 PME 1509:1511 Fertile seeds resulting from pollination may possibly take place in hormonal activity stimulating many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME). 24393459 13 32 theme pectin 1486:1491 arg1 methylesterase 1493:1506 pectin methylesterase 1486:1506 pectin methylesterase (PME) 1486:1512 Fertile seeds resulting from pollination may possibly take place in hormonal activity stimulating many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME). 24393459 13 33 theme particular 1448:1457 arg1 polygalacturonase 1459:1475 particular polygalacturonase 1448:1475 particular polygalacturonase (PG) 1448:1480 Fertile seeds resulting from pollination may possibly take place in hormonal activity stimulating many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME). 24393459 13 33 theme particular 1448:1457 arg1 PG 1478:1479 PG 1478:1479 PG 1478:1479 Fertile seeds resulting from pollination may possibly take place in hormonal activity stimulating many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME). 24393459 13 34 theme hormonal 1358:1365 arg1 activity 1367:1374 hormonal activity 1358:1374 hormonal activity stimulating many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME) 1358:1512 Fertile seeds resulting from pollination may possibly take place in hormonal activity stimulating many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME). 24393459 13 35 theme Fertile 1290:1296 arg1 seeds 1298:1302 Fertile seeds 1290:1302 Fertile seeds resulting from pollination 1290:1329 Fertile seeds resulting from pollination may possibly take place in hormonal activity stimulating many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME). 24393459 8 36 theme methylation 850:860 arg1 DM 870:871 DM 870:871 DM 870:871 The methylation degree (DM) increased more with pollination affecting textural properties of the fig receptacle. 24393459 8 36 theme methylation 850:860 arg1 degree 862:867 The methylation degree 846:867 The methylation degree (DM) 846:872 The methylation degree (DM) increased more with pollination affecting textural properties of the fig receptacle. 24393459 4 37 theme peel 422:425 arg1 thickness 427:435 peel thickness 422:435 peel thickness 422:435 Pollination increased peel thickness, flesh thickness, fresh weight and dry matter content of the fruit. 24393459 12 38 theme fruit 1271:1275 arg1 composition 1252:1262 the cell wall composition 1238:1262 the cell wall composition of the fruit at maturity 1238:1287 Minor changes were determined in the cell wall composition of the fruit at maturity. 24393459 0 39 theme wall 42:45 arg1 properties 47:56 cell wall properties 37:56 cell wall properties 37:56 Relationship between pollination and cell wall properties in common fig fruit. 24393459 5 40 from tissue 568:573 arg1 concentrated 542:553 concentrated 542:553 concentrated 542:553 Alcohol insoluble solids (AIS), more concentrated in the flesh tissue, were not influenced by the lack of pollination. 24393459 10 41 from changes 1075:1081 arg1 content 1101:1107 neutral sugars content 1086:1107 neutral sugars content 1086:1107 No significant changes in neutral sugars content could be allocated to pollination. 24393459 12 42 theme cell 1242:1245 arg1 composition 1252:1262 the cell wall composition 1238:1262 the cell wall composition of the fruit at maturity 1238:1287 Minor changes were determined in the cell wall composition of the fruit at maturity. 24393459 13 43 from polygalacturonase 1459:1475 arg1 enzymes 1401:1407 many related enzymes 1388:1407 many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME) 1388:1512 Fertile seeds resulting from pollination may possibly take place in hormonal activity stimulating many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME). 24393459 0 44 theme cell 37:40 arg1 properties 47:56 cell wall properties 37:56 cell wall properties 37:56 Relationship between pollination and cell wall properties in common fig fruit. 24393459 11 45 from essential 1159:1167 arg1 softening 1194:1202 softening 1194:1202 softening 1194:1202 Pollination is essential in fruit enlargement and softening. 24393459 11 45 from essential 1159:1167 arg1 enlargement 1178:1188 fruit enlargement 1172:1188 fruit enlargement 1172:1188 Pollination is essential in fruit enlargement and softening. 24393459 3 46 theme cell 380:383 arg1 cohesion 390:397 cell wall cohesion 380:397 cell wall cohesion 380:397 Figs, when ripe, soften drastically and lose of their firmness and cell wall cohesion. 24393459 2 47 theme wall 212:215 arg1 behaviour 217:225 Cell wall behaviour 207:225 Cell wall behaviour 207:225 Cell wall behaviour and composition was followed in fig fruit in response to pollination during maturity. 24393459 6 48 theme peel 685:688 arg1 AIS 674:676 the AIS 670:676 the AIS of the peel 670:688 Concentrations in uronic acids were higher in the AIS of the peel than that of the flesh and differences were significant between pollinated and non-pollinated fruits. 24393459 1 49 theme fruit 200:204 arg1 onset 187:191 quality onset 179:191 quality onset of the fruit 179:204 Most botanical types in fig Ficus carica require pollination to fulfil their development and ensure quality onset of the fruit. 24393459 6 50 theme non-pollinated 769:782 arg1 fruits 784:789 pollinated and non-pollinated fruits 754:789 pollinated and non-pollinated fruits 754:789 Concentrations in uronic acids were higher in the AIS of the peel than that of the flesh and differences were significant between pollinated and non-pollinated fruits. 24393459 2 51 theme Cell 207:210 arg1 behaviour 217:225 Cell wall behaviour 207:225 Cell wall behaviour 207:225 Cell wall behaviour and composition was followed in fig fruit in response to pollination during maturity. 24393459 5 52 theme Alcohol 505:511 arg1 AIS 531:533 AIS 531:533 AIS 531:533 Alcohol insoluble solids (AIS), more concentrated in the flesh tissue, were not influenced by the lack of pollination. 24393459 5 52 theme Alcohol 505:511 arg1 solids 523:528 Alcohol insoluble solids 505:528 Alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) 505:534 Alcohol insoluble solids (AIS), more concentrated in the flesh tissue, were not influenced by the lack of pollination. 24393459 1 53 theme fig 103:105 arg1 carica 113:118 fig Ficus carica 103:118 fig Ficus carica 103:118 Most botanical types in fig Ficus carica require pollination to fulfil their development and ensure quality onset of the fruit. 24393459 4 54 theme fruit 498:502 arg1 content 483:489 dry matter content 472:489 dry matter content 472:489 Pollination increased peel thickness, flesh thickness, fresh weight and dry matter content of the fruit. 24393459 4 54 theme fruit 498:502 arg1 thickness 427:435 peel thickness 422:435 peel thickness 422:435 Pollination increased peel thickness, flesh thickness, fresh weight and dry matter content of the fruit. 24393459 4 54 theme fruit 498:502 arg1 thickness 444:452 flesh thickness 438:452 flesh thickness 438:452 Pollination increased peel thickness, flesh thickness, fresh weight and dry matter content of the fruit. 24393459 4 54 theme fruit 498:502 arg1 weight 461:466 fresh weight 455:466 fresh weight 455:466 Pollination increased peel thickness, flesh thickness, fresh weight and dry matter content of the fruit. 24393459 12 55 theme wall 1247:1250 arg1 composition 1252:1262 the cell wall composition 1238:1262 the cell wall composition of the fruit at maturity 1238:1287 Minor changes were determined in the cell wall composition of the fruit at maturity. 24393459 5 56 theme insoluble 513:521 arg1 AIS 531:533 AIS 531:533 AIS 531:533 Alcohol insoluble solids (AIS), more concentrated in the flesh tissue, were not influenced by the lack of pollination. 24393459 5 56 theme insoluble 513:521 arg1 solids 523:528 Alcohol insoluble solids 505:528 Alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) 505:534 Alcohol insoluble solids (AIS), more concentrated in the flesh tissue, were not influenced by the lack of pollination. 24393459 1 57 theme Ficus 107:111 arg1 carica 113:118 fig Ficus carica 103:118 fig Ficus carica 103:118 Most botanical types in fig Ficus carica require pollination to fulfil their development and ensure quality onset of the fruit. 24393459 1 58 from types 94:98 arg1 carica 113:118 fig Ficus carica 103:118 fig Ficus carica 103:118 Most botanical types in fig Ficus carica require pollination to fulfil their development and ensure quality onset of the fruit. 24393459 11 59 from enlargement 1178:1188 arg1 essential 1159:1167 essential 1159:1167 essential 1159:1167 Pollination is essential in fruit enlargement and softening. 24393459 5 60 theme pollination 611:621 arg1 lack 603:606 the lack 599:606 the lack of pollination 599:621 Alcohol insoluble solids (AIS), more concentrated in the flesh tissue, were not influenced by the lack of pollination. 24393459 6 61 theme pollinated 754:763 arg1 fruits 784:789 pollinated and non-pollinated fruits 754:789 pollinated and non-pollinated fruits 754:789 Concentrations in uronic acids were higher in the AIS of the peel than that of the flesh and differences were significant between pollinated and non-pollinated fruits. 24393459 9 62 from AIS 993:995 arg1 glucose 1002:1008 glucose 1002:1008 glucose (Glc) from cellulose followed by arabinose (Ara) 1002:1057 The major neutral sugars from the AIS were glucose (Glc) from cellulose followed by arabinose (Ara). 24393459 9 62 from AIS 993:995 arg1 sugars 977:982 The major neutral sugars 959:982 The major neutral sugars from the AIS 959:995 The major neutral sugars from the AIS were glucose (Glc) from cellulose followed by arabinose (Ara). 24393459 7 63 dep methylated 826:835 arg1 DM>50 838:842 DM>50 838:842 DM>50 838:842 Pectin polymers in figs were high methylated (DM>50). 24393459 13 64 from methylesterase 1493:1506 arg1 enzymes 1401:1407 many related enzymes 1388:1407 many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME) 1388:1512 Fertile seeds resulting from pollination may possibly take place in hormonal activity stimulating many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME). 24393459 7 65 theme Pectin 792:797 arg1 polymers 799:806 Pectin polymers 792:806 Pectin polymers in figs 792:814 Pectin polymers in figs were high methylated (DM>50). 24393459 2 66 dep pollination 284:294 arg1 response 272:279 response 272:279 response 272:279 Cell wall behaviour and composition was followed in fig fruit in response to pollination during maturity. 24393459 10 67 theme significant 1063:1073 arg1 changes 1075:1081 No significant changes 1060:1081 No significant changes in neutral sugars content 1060:1107 No significant changes in neutral sugars content could be allocated to pollination. 24393459 0 68 theme fig 68:70 arg1 fruit 72:76 common fig fruit 61:76 common fig fruit 61:76 Relationship between pollination and cell wall properties in common fig fruit. 24393459 9 69 from cellulose 1021:1029 arg1 Glc 1011:1013 Glc 1011:1013 Glc 1011:1013 The major neutral sugars from the AIS were glucose (Glc) from cellulose followed by arabinose (Ara). 24393459 9 69 from cellulose 1021:1029 arg1 glucose 1002:1008 glucose 1002:1008 glucose (Glc) from cellulose followed by arabinose (Ara) 1002:1057 The major neutral sugars from the AIS were glucose (Glc) from cellulose followed by arabinose (Ara). 24393459 9 69 from cellulose 1021:1029 arg1 sugars 977:982 The major neutral sugars 959:982 The major neutral sugars from the AIS 959:995 The major neutral sugars from the AIS were glucose (Glc) from cellulose followed by arabinose (Ara). 24393459 13 70 theme depolymerisation 1428:1443 arg1 enzymes 1401:1407 many related enzymes 1388:1407 many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME) 1388:1512 Fertile seeds resulting from pollination may possibly take place in hormonal activity stimulating many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME). 24393459 11 71 theme fruit 1172:1176 arg1 enlargement 1178:1188 fruit enlargement 1172:1188 fruit enlargement 1172:1188 Pollination is essential in fruit enlargement and softening. 24393459 0 72 theme common 61:66 arg1 fruit 72:76 common fig fruit 61:76 common fig fruit 61:76 Relationship between pollination and cell wall properties in common fig fruit. 24393459 13 73 theme wall 1416:1419 arg1 depolymerisation 1428:1443 the wall matrix depolymerisation 1412:1443 the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME) 1412:1512 Fertile seeds resulting from pollination may possibly take place in hormonal activity stimulating many related enzymes of the wall matrix depolymerisation in particular polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME). 25654361 8 0 theme stones 1482:1487 arg1 case 1463:1466 the case 1459:1466 the case of infectious stones 1459:1487 In the case of infectious stones the chemical composition of urine plays an important role, which creates a necessity to support the treatment by developing a model of proper diet. 25654361 5 1 theme atomic 938:943 arg1 spectroscopy 956:967 atomic absorption spectroscopy 938:967 atomic absorption spectroscopy 938:967 Crystallization intensity was determined using the spectrophotometric microdilution method and the chemical composition of formed crystals was established by atomic absorption spectroscopy and colorimetric methods. 25654361 3 2 from changes 527:533 arg1 concentrations 557:570 the basic minerals concentrations 538:570 the basic minerals concentrations 538:570 We used an in vitro model to establish how the changes in the basic minerals concentrations affect the intensity of crystallization which occurs in urine. 25654361 5 3 theme Crystallization 780:794 arg1 intensity 796:804 Crystallization intensity 780:804 Crystallization intensity 780:804 Crystallization intensity was determined using the spectrophotometric microdilution method and the chemical composition of formed crystals was established by atomic absorption spectroscopy and colorimetric methods. 25654361 8 4 theme infectious 1471:1480 arg1 stones 1482:1487 infectious stones 1471:1487 infectious stones 1471:1487 In the case of infectious stones the chemical composition of urine plays an important role, which creates a necessity to support the treatment by developing a model of proper diet. 25654361 2 5 theme bacterial 348:356 arg1 factors 358:364 bacterial factors 348:364 bacterial factors such as urease and extracellular polysaccharides 348:413 The main role in the development of this kind of stones is played by bacterial factors such as urease and extracellular polysaccharides, but urinary tract environment also contributes to this process. 25654361 2 5 theme bacterial 348:356 arg1 polysaccharides 399:413 urease and extracellular polysaccharides 374:413 urease and extracellular polysaccharides 374:413 The main role in the development of this kind of stones is played by bacterial factors such as urease and extracellular polysaccharides, but urinary tract environment also contributes to this process. 25654361 7 6 dep crystallization 1337:1351 arg1 formation 1426:1434 formation 1426:1434 formation 1426:1434 The inhibitory influence of citrate on calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization and competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals formation were not confirmed. 25654361 7 7 from influence 1281:1289 arg1 crystallization 1337:1351 calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization 1305:1351 calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization 1305:1351 The inhibitory influence of citrate on calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization and competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals formation were not confirmed. 25654361 7 7 from influence 1281:1289 arg1 actions 1369:1375 competitive actions 1357:1375 competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals 1357:1424 The inhibitory influence of citrate on calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization and competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals formation were not confirmed. 25654361 6 8 theme physiological 1208:1220 arg1 concentration 1222:1234 the proper physiological concentration 1197:1234 the proper physiological concentration 1197:1234 Increasing the concentration of all crystals forming ions such as Mg(2+), Ca(2+) and phosphate strongly intensified the process of crystallization, whereas reducing the amount of these components below the proper physiological concentration did not affect its intensity. 25654361 3 9 theme minerals 548:555 arg1 concentrations 557:570 the basic minerals concentrations 538:570 the basic minerals concentrations 538:570 We used an in vitro model to establish how the changes in the basic minerals concentrations affect the intensity of crystallization which occurs in urine. 25654361 0 10 theme mineral 97:103 arg1 composition 105:115 the mineral composition 93:115 the mineral composition of urine 93:124 Various intensity of Proteus mirabilis-induced crystallization resulting from the changes in the mineral composition of urine. 25654361 6 11 theme proper 1201:1206 arg1 concentration 1222:1234 the proper physiological concentration 1197:1234 the proper physiological concentration 1197:1234 Increasing the concentration of all crystals forming ions such as Mg(2+), Ca(2+) and phosphate strongly intensified the process of crystallization, whereas reducing the amount of these components below the proper physiological concentration did not affect its intensity. 25654361 4 12 theme chemical 758:765 arg1 composition 767:777 a precisely defined chemical composition 738:777 a precisely defined chemical composition 738:777 In each experiment crystallization was induced by an addition of P. mirabilis to artificial urine with a precisely defined chemical composition. 25654361 4 13 theme artificial 716:725 arg1 urine 727:731 artificial urine 716:731 artificial urine with a precisely defined chemical composition 716:777 In each experiment crystallization was induced by an addition of P. mirabilis to artificial urine with a precisely defined chemical composition. 25654361 0 14 theme urine 120:124 arg1 composition 105:115 the mineral composition 93:115 the mineral composition of urine 93:124 Various intensity of Proteus mirabilis-induced crystallization resulting from the changes in the mineral composition of urine. 25654361 5 15 theme formed 903:908 arg1 crystals 910:917 formed crystals 903:917 formed crystals 903:917 Crystallization intensity was determined using the spectrophotometric microdilution method and the chemical composition of formed crystals was established by atomic absorption spectroscopy and colorimetric methods. 25654361 3 16 dep in 491:492 arg1 vitro 494:498 vitro 494:498 vitro 494:498 We used an in vitro model to establish how the changes in the basic minerals concentrations affect the intensity of crystallization which occurs in urine. 25654361 5 17 theme crystals 910:917 arg1 composition 888:898 the chemical composition 875:898 the chemical composition of formed crystals 875:917 Crystallization intensity was determined using the spectrophotometric microdilution method and the chemical composition of formed crystals was established by atomic absorption spectroscopy and colorimetric methods. 25654361 7 18 theme calcium 1380:1386 arg1 ions 1400:1403 calcium and oxalate ions 1380:1403 calcium and oxalate ions 1380:1403 The inhibitory influence of citrate on calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization and competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals formation were not confirmed. 25654361 5 19 theme absorption 945:954 arg1 spectroscopy 956:967 atomic absorption spectroscopy 938:967 atomic absorption spectroscopy 938:967 Crystallization intensity was determined using the spectrophotometric microdilution method and the chemical composition of formed crystals was established by atomic absorption spectroscopy and colorimetric methods. 25654361 7 20 theme competitive 1357:1367 arg1 actions 1369:1375 competitive actions 1357:1375 competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals 1357:1424 The inhibitory influence of citrate on calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization and competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals formation were not confirmed. 25654361 5 21 theme spectrophotometric 831:848 arg1 method 864:869 the spectrophotometric microdilution method 827:869 the spectrophotometric microdilution method 827:869 Crystallization intensity was determined using the spectrophotometric microdilution method and the chemical composition of formed crystals was established by atomic absorption spectroscopy and colorimetric methods. 25654361 2 22 theme extracellular 385:397 arg1 polysaccharides 399:413 urease and extracellular polysaccharides 374:413 urease and extracellular polysaccharides 374:413 The main role in the development of this kind of stones is played by bacterial factors such as urease and extracellular polysaccharides, but urinary tract environment also contributes to this process. 25654361 6 23 theme components 1180:1189 arg1 amount 1164:1169 the amount 1160:1169 the amount of these components below the proper physiological concentration 1160:1234 Increasing the concentration of all crystals forming ions such as Mg(2+), Ca(2+) and phosphate strongly intensified the process of crystallization, whereas reducing the amount of these components below the proper physiological concentration did not affect its intensity. 25654361 6 23 theme components 1180:1189 arg1 components 1180:1189 these components 1174:1189 these components below the proper physiological concentration 1174:1234 Increasing the concentration of all crystals forming ions such as Mg(2+), Ca(2+) and phosphate strongly intensified the process of crystallization, whereas reducing the amount of these components below the proper physiological concentration did not affect its intensity. 25654361 7 24 theme phosphate 1327:1335 arg1 crystallization 1337:1351 calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization 1305:1351 calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization 1305:1351 The inhibitory influence of citrate on calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization and competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals formation were not confirmed. 25654361 4 25 theme defined 750:756 arg1 composition 767:777 a precisely defined chemical composition 738:777 a precisely defined chemical composition 738:777 In each experiment crystallization was induced by an addition of P. mirabilis to artificial urine with a precisely defined chemical composition. 25654361 7 26 theme calcium 1305:1311 arg1 crystallization 1337:1351 calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization 1305:1351 calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization 1305:1351 The inhibitory influence of citrate on calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization and competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals formation were not confirmed. 25654361 1 27 theme urinary 188:194 arg1 infections 202:211 recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections 166:211 recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections caused by urease-positive bacteria, especially Proteus mirabilis 166:276 Infectious urolithiasis is a result of recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections caused by urease-positive bacteria, especially Proteus mirabilis. 25654361 0 28 theme Various 0:6 arg1 intensity 8:16 Various intensity 0:16 Various intensity of Proteus 0:27 Various intensity of Proteus mirabilis-induced crystallization resulting from the changes in the mineral composition of urine. 25654361 2 29 theme kind 320:323 arg1 development 300:310 the development 296:310 the development of this kind of stones 296:333 The main role in the development of this kind of stones is played by bacterial factors such as urease and extracellular polysaccharides, but urinary tract environment also contributes to this process. 25654361 2 30 theme urease 374:379 arg1 polysaccharides 399:413 urease and extracellular polysaccharides 374:413 urease and extracellular polysaccharides 374:413 The main role in the development of this kind of stones is played by bacterial factors such as urease and extracellular polysaccharides, but urinary tract environment also contributes to this process. 25654361 0 31 theme Proteus 21:27 arg1 intensity 8:16 Various intensity 0:16 Various intensity of Proteus 0:27 Various intensity of Proteus mirabilis-induced crystallization resulting from the changes in the mineral composition of urine. 25654361 6 32 theme crystals 1031:1038 arg1 concentration 1010:1022 the concentration 1006:1022 the concentration of all crystals forming ions such as Mg(2+), Ca(2+) and phosphate 1006:1088 Increasing the concentration of all crystals forming ions such as Mg(2+), Ca(2+) and phosphate strongly intensified the process of crystallization, whereas reducing the amount of these components below the proper physiological concentration did not affect its intensity. 25654361 3 33 theme basic 542:546 arg1 concentrations 557:570 the basic minerals concentrations 538:570 the basic minerals concentrations 538:570 We used an in vitro model to establish how the changes in the basic minerals concentrations affect the intensity of crystallization which occurs in urine. 25654361 2 34 theme tract 428:432 arg1 environment 434:444 urinary tract environment 420:444 urinary tract environment 420:444 The main role in the development of this kind of stones is played by bacterial factors such as urease and extracellular polysaccharides, but urinary tract environment also contributes to this process. 25654361 8 35 theme chemical 1493:1500 arg1 composition 1502:1512 the chemical composition 1489:1512 the chemical composition of urine 1489:1521 In the case of infectious stones the chemical composition of urine plays an important role, which creates a necessity to support the treatment by developing a model of proper diet. 25654361 1 36 theme recurrent 166:174 arg1 infections 202:211 recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections 166:211 recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections caused by urease-positive bacteria, especially Proteus mirabilis 166:276 Infectious urolithiasis is a result of recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections caused by urease-positive bacteria, especially Proteus mirabilis. 25654361 2 37 theme urinary 420:426 arg1 environment 434:444 urinary tract environment 420:444 urinary tract environment 420:444 The main role in the development of this kind of stones is played by bacterial factors such as urease and extracellular polysaccharides, but urinary tract environment also contributes to this process. 25654361 4 38 theme mirabilis 703:711 arg1 addition 688:695 an addition 685:695 an addition of P. mirabilis to artificial urine with a precisely defined chemical composition 685:777 In each experiment crystallization was induced by an addition of P. mirabilis to artificial urine with a precisely defined chemical composition. 25654361 1 39 dep Proteus 260:266 arg1 mirabilis 268:276 mirabilis 268:276 mirabilis 268:276 Infectious urolithiasis is a result of recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections caused by urease-positive bacteria, especially Proteus mirabilis. 25654361 1 40 theme tract 196:200 arg1 infections 202:211 recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections 166:211 recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections caused by urease-positive bacteria, especially Proteus mirabilis 166:276 Infectious urolithiasis is a result of recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections caused by urease-positive bacteria, especially Proteus mirabilis. 25654361 5 41 theme chemical 879:886 arg1 composition 888:898 the chemical composition 875:898 the chemical composition of formed crystals 875:917 Crystallization intensity was determined using the spectrophotometric microdilution method and the chemical composition of formed crystals was established by atomic absorption spectroscopy and colorimetric methods. 25654361 0 42 from changes 82:88 arg1 composition 105:115 the mineral composition 93:115 the mineral composition of urine 93:124 Various intensity of Proteus mirabilis-induced crystallization resulting from the changes in the mineral composition of urine. 25654361 3 43 used used 483:486 arg2 We 480:481 We 480:481 We 480:481 We used an in vitro model to establish how the changes in the basic minerals concentrations affect the intensity of crystallization which occurs in urine. 25654361 1 44 theme urease-positive 223:237 arg1 bacteria 239:246 urease-positive bacteria 223:246 urease-positive bacteria 223:246 Infectious urolithiasis is a result of recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections caused by urease-positive bacteria, especially Proteus mirabilis. 25654361 6 45 dep intensified 1099:1109 arg1 whereas 1143:1149 whereas 1143:1149 whereas 1143:1149 Increasing the concentration of all crystals forming ions such as Mg(2+), Ca(2+) and phosphate strongly intensified the process of crystallization, whereas reducing the amount of these components below the proper physiological concentration did not affect its intensity. 25654361 7 46 from crystallization 1337:1351 arg1 crystals 1417:1424 struvite crystals 1408:1424 struvite crystals 1408:1424 The inhibitory influence of citrate on calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization and competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals formation were not confirmed. 25654361 3 47 theme in 491:492 arg1 model 500:504 an in vitro model 488:504 an in vitro model 488:504 We used an in vitro model to establish how the changes in the basic minerals concentrations affect the intensity of crystallization which occurs in urine. 25654361 8 48 theme proper 1624:1629 arg1 diet 1631:1634 proper diet 1624:1634 proper diet 1624:1634 In the case of infectious stones the chemical composition of urine plays an important role, which creates a necessity to support the treatment by developing a model of proper diet. 25654361 5 49 theme microdilution 850:862 arg1 method 864:869 the spectrophotometric microdilution method 827:869 the spectrophotometric microdilution method 827:869 Crystallization intensity was determined using the spectrophotometric microdilution method and the chemical composition of formed crystals was established by atomic absorption spectroscopy and colorimetric methods. 25654361 1 50 theme Infectious 127:136 arg1 urolithiasis 138:149 Infectious urolithiasis 127:149 Infectious urolithiasis 127:149 Infectious urolithiasis is a result of recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections caused by urease-positive bacteria, especially Proteus mirabilis. 25654361 1 50 theme Infectious 127:136 arg1 result 156:161 a result 154:161 a result of recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections caused by urease-positive bacteria, especially Proteus mirabilis 154:276 Infectious urolithiasis is a result of recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections caused by urease-positive bacteria, especially Proteus mirabilis. 25654361 7 51 theme ions 1400:1403 arg1 crystallization 1337:1351 calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization 1305:1351 calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization 1305:1351 The inhibitory influence of citrate on calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization and competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals formation were not confirmed. 25654361 7 51 theme ions 1400:1403 arg1 actions 1369:1375 competitive actions 1357:1375 competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals 1357:1424 The inhibitory influence of citrate on calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization and competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals formation were not confirmed. 25654361 8 52 theme urine 1517:1521 arg1 composition 1502:1512 the chemical composition 1489:1512 the chemical composition of urine 1489:1521 In the case of infectious stones the chemical composition of urine plays an important role, which creates a necessity to support the treatment by developing a model of proper diet. 25654361 2 53 theme main 283:286 arg1 role 288:291 The main role 279:291 The main role in the development of this kind of stones 279:333 The main role in the development of this kind of stones is played by bacterial factors such as urease and extracellular polysaccharides, but urinary tract environment also contributes to this process. 25654361 3 54 theme crystallization 596:610 arg1 intensity 583:591 the intensity 579:591 the intensity of crystallization which occurs in urine 579:632 We used an in vitro model to establish how the changes in the basic minerals concentrations affect the intensity of crystallization which occurs in urine. 25654361 5 55 theme colorimetric 973:984 arg1 methods 986:992 colorimetric methods 973:992 colorimetric methods 973:992 Crystallization intensity was determined using the spectrophotometric microdilution method and the chemical composition of formed crystals was established by atomic absorption spectroscopy and colorimetric methods. 25654361 2 56 from role 288:291 arg1 development 300:310 the development 296:310 the development of this kind of stones 296:333 The main role in the development of this kind of stones is played by bacterial factors such as urease and extracellular polysaccharides, but urinary tract environment also contributes to this process. 25654361 8 57 theme important 1532:1540 arg1 role 1542:1545 an important role 1529:1545 an important role 1529:1545 In the case of infectious stones the chemical composition of urine plays an important role, which creates a necessity to support the treatment by developing a model of proper diet. 25654361 7 58 theme struvite 1408:1415 arg1 crystals 1417:1424 struvite crystals 1408:1424 struvite crystals 1408:1424 The inhibitory influence of citrate on calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization and competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals formation were not confirmed. 25654361 7 59 from actions 1369:1375 arg1 crystals 1417:1424 struvite crystals 1408:1424 struvite crystals 1408:1424 The inhibitory influence of citrate on calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization and competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals formation were not confirmed. 25654361 2 60 theme stones 328:333 arg1 kind 320:323 this kind 315:323 this kind of stones 315:333 The main role in the development of this kind of stones is played by bacterial factors such as urease and extracellular polysaccharides, but urinary tract environment also contributes to this process. 25654361 8 61 theme diet 1631:1634 arg1 model 1615:1619 a model 1613:1619 a model of proper diet 1613:1634 In the case of infectious stones the chemical composition of urine plays an important role, which creates a necessity to support the treatment by developing a model of proper diet. 25654361 7 62 theme oxalate 1392:1398 arg1 ions 1400:1403 calcium and oxalate ions 1380:1403 calcium and oxalate ions 1380:1403 The inhibitory influence of citrate on calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization and competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals formation were not confirmed. 25654361 1 63 theme infections 202:211 arg1 urolithiasis 138:149 Infectious urolithiasis 127:149 Infectious urolithiasis 127:149 Infectious urolithiasis is a result of recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections caused by urease-positive bacteria, especially Proteus mirabilis. 25654361 1 63 theme infections 202:211 arg1 result 156:161 a result 154:161 a result of recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections caused by urease-positive bacteria, especially Proteus mirabilis 154:276 Infectious urolithiasis is a result of recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections caused by urease-positive bacteria, especially Proteus mirabilis. 25654361 6 64 theme crystallization 1126:1140 arg1 process 1115:1121 the process 1111:1121 the process of crystallization 1111:1140 Increasing the concentration of all crystals forming ions such as Mg(2+), Ca(2+) and phosphate strongly intensified the process of crystallization, whereas reducing the amount of these components below the proper physiological concentration did not affect its intensity. 25654361 1 65 theme chronic 180:186 arg1 infections 202:211 recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections 166:211 recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections caused by urease-positive bacteria, especially Proteus mirabilis 166:276 Infectious urolithiasis is a result of recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections caused by urease-positive bacteria, especially Proteus mirabilis. 25654361 4 66 with urine 727:731 arg1 composition 767:777 a precisely defined chemical composition 738:777 a precisely defined chemical composition 738:777 In each experiment crystallization was induced by an addition of P. mirabilis to artificial urine with a precisely defined chemical composition. 25654361 7 67 theme magnesium 1317:1325 arg1 crystallization 1337:1351 calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization 1305:1351 calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization 1305:1351 The inhibitory influence of citrate on calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization and competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals formation were not confirmed. 25654361 7 68 theme citrate 1294:1300 arg1 influence 1281:1289 The inhibitory influence 1266:1289 The inhibitory influence of citrate on calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization and competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals formation 1266:1434 The inhibitory influence of citrate on calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization and competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals formation were not confirmed. 25654361 7 69 theme inhibitory 1270:1279 arg1 influence 1281:1289 The inhibitory influence 1266:1289 The inhibitory influence of citrate on calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization and competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals formation 1266:1434 The inhibitory influence of citrate on calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization and competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals formation were not confirmed. 25654361 1 70 theme Proteus 260:266 arg1 bacteria 239:246 urease-positive bacteria 223:246 urease-positive bacteria 223:246 Infectious urolithiasis is a result of recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections caused by urease-positive bacteria, especially Proteus mirabilis. 24293065 5 0 theme microbial 835:843 arg1 tests 857:861 microbial penetration tests 835:861 microbial penetration tests 835:861 The pharmacological activities including wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects in addition to primary skin irritation and microbial penetration tests were evaluated. 24293065 6 1 theme IL-6 921:924 arg1 levels 926:931 hydroxyproline, glutathione and IL-6 levels 889:931 hydroxyproline, glutathione and IL-6 levels 889:931 Moreover, hydroxyproline, glutathione and IL-6 levels were measured in the wound tissues of diabetic rats. 24293065 11 2 theme 10 1681:1682 arg1 % 1684:1684 % 1684:1684 % 1684:1684 Thus, the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV is a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities. 24293065 11 3 with dressing 1734:1741 arg1 forming 1758:1764 forming 1758:1764 forming 1758:1764 Thus, the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV is a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities. 24293065 11 3 with dressing 1734:1741 arg1 healing 1785:1791 enhanced wound healing 1770:1791 enhanced wound healing 1770:1791 Thus, the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV is a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities. 24293065 2 4 theme bee 274:276 arg1 dressing 297:304 a bee venom-loaded wound dressing 272:304 a bee venom-loaded wound dressing with an enhanced healing and anti-inflammatory effects 272:359 The objective of this study was to develop a bee venom-loaded wound dressing with an enhanced healing and anti-inflammatory effects to be examined in diabetic rats. 24293065 6 5 theme glutathione 905:915 arg1 levels 926:931 hydroxyproline, glutathione and IL-6 levels 889:931 hydroxyproline, glutathione and IL-6 levels 889:931 Moreover, hydroxyproline, glutathione and IL-6 levels were measured in the wound tissues of diabetic rats. 24293065 2 6 theme diabetic 379:386 arg1 rats 388:391 diabetic rats 379:391 diabetic rats 379:391 The objective of this study was to develop a bee venom-loaded wound dressing with an enhanced healing and anti-inflammatory effects to be examined in diabetic rats. 24293065 10 7 theme glutathione 1571:1581 arg1 levels 1583:1588 higher hydroxyproline and glutathione levels 1545:1588 levels 1583:1588 Simultaneously, wound tissues covered with this preparation displayed higher hydroxyproline and glutathione levels and lower IL-6 levels compared to control. 24293065 11 8 with activities 1822:1831 arg1 forming 1758:1764 forming 1758:1764 forming 1758:1764 Thus, the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV is a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities. 24293065 11 8 with activities 1822:1831 arg1 healing 1785:1791 enhanced wound healing 1770:1791 enhanced wound healing 1770:1791 Thus, the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV is a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities. 24293065 8 9 theme venom-loaded 1159:1170 arg1 dressing 1178:1185 the bee venom-loaded wound dressing 1151:1185 the bee venom-loaded wound dressing that has the same previous composition 1151:1224 Pharmacologically, the bee venom-loaded wound dressing that has the same previous composition showed accelerated healing of wounds made in diabetic rats compared to the control. 24293065 6 10 theme hydroxyproline 889:902 arg1 levels 926:931 hydroxyproline, glutathione and IL-6 levels 889:931 hydroxyproline, glutathione and IL-6 levels 889:931 Moreover, hydroxyproline, glutathione and IL-6 levels were measured in the wound tissues of diabetic rats. 24293065 8 11 theme accelerated 1233:1243 arg1 healing 1245:1251 accelerated healing 1233:1251 accelerated healing of wounds made in diabetic rats 1233:1283 Pharmacologically, the bee venom-loaded wound dressing that has the same previous composition showed accelerated healing of wounds made in diabetic rats compared to the control. 24293065 11 12 theme enhanced 1770:1777 arg1 healing 1785:1791 enhanced wound healing 1770:1791 enhanced wound healing 1770:1791 Thus, the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV is a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities. 24293065 7 13 theme BV 1063:1064 arg1 % 1061:1061 4 % BV 1059:1064 4 % BV 1059:1064 The bee venom-loaded wound dressing composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV was more swellable, flexible and elastic than other formulations. 24293065 1 14 theme causes 195:200 arg1 causes 195:200 the leading causes 183:200 the leading causes of impaired wound healing 183:226 Diabetes is one of the leading causes of impaired wound healing. 24293065 1 14 theme causes 195:200 arg1 one 176:178 one 176:178 one 176:178 Diabetes is one of the leading causes of impaired wound healing. 24293065 6 15 theme rats 980:983 arg1 tissues 960:966 the wound tissues 950:966 the wound tissues of diabetic rats 950:983 Moreover, hydroxyproline, glutathione and IL-6 levels were measured in the wound tissues of diabetic rats. 24293065 4 16 theme swelling 616:623 arg1 ratio 625:629 swelling ratio 616:629 swelling ratio 616:629 The mechanical properties such as gel fraction, swelling ratio, tensile strength, percentage of elongation and surface pH were determined. 24293065 10 17 theme IL-6 1600:1603 arg1 levels 1605:1610 lower IL-6 levels 1594:1610 lower IL-6 levels 1594:1610 Simultaneously, wound tissues covered with this preparation displayed higher hydroxyproline and glutathione levels and lower IL-6 levels compared to control. 24293065 2 18 theme wound 291:295 arg1 dressing 297:304 a bee venom-loaded wound dressing 272:304 a bee venom-loaded wound dressing with an enhanced healing and anti-inflammatory effects 272:359 The objective of this study was to develop a bee venom-loaded wound dressing with an enhanced healing and anti-inflammatory effects to be examined in diabetic rats. 24293065 5 19 theme penetration 845:855 arg1 tests 857:861 microbial penetration tests 835:861 microbial penetration tests 835:861 The pharmacological activities including wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects in addition to primary skin irritation and microbial penetration tests were evaluated. 24293065 0 20 theme diabetic 149:156 arg1 rats 158:161 diabetic rats 149:161 diabetic rats 149:161 Accelerated wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats. 24293065 1 21 theme healing 220:226 arg1 causes 195:200 the leading causes 183:200 the leading causes of impaired wound healing 183:226 Diabetes is one of the leading causes of impaired wound healing. 24293065 8 22 theme same 1200:1203 arg1 composition 1214:1224 the same previous composition 1196:1224 the same previous composition 1196:1224 Pharmacologically, the bee venom-loaded wound dressing that has the same previous composition showed accelerated healing of wounds made in diabetic rats compared to the control. 24293065 6 23 theme wound 954:958 arg1 tissues 960:966 the wound tissues 950:966 the wound tissues of diabetic rats 950:983 Moreover, hydroxyproline, glutathione and IL-6 levels were measured in the wound tissues of diabetic rats. 24293065 8 24 theme diabetic 1271:1278 arg1 rats 1280:1283 diabetic rats 1271:1283 diabetic rats 1271:1283 Pharmacologically, the bee venom-loaded wound dressing that has the same previous composition showed accelerated healing of wounds made in diabetic rats compared to the control. 24293065 7 25 theme 0.6 1044:1046 arg1 % 1048:1048 % 1048:1048 % 1048:1048 The bee venom-loaded wound dressing composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV was more swellable, flexible and elastic than other formulations. 24293065 8 26 contain has 1192:1194 arg1 dressing 1178:1185 the bee venom-loaded wound dressing 1151:1185 the bee venom-loaded wound dressing that has the same previous composition 1151:1224 Pharmacologically, the bee venom-loaded wound dressing that has the same previous composition showed accelerated healing of wounds made in diabetic rats compared to the control. 24293065 8 26 contain has 1192:1194 arg2 composition 1214:1224 the same previous composition 1196:1224 the same previous composition 1196:1224 Pharmacologically, the bee venom-loaded wound dressing that has the same previous composition showed accelerated healing of wounds made in diabetic rats compared to the control. 24293065 7 27 theme venom-loaded 994:1005 arg1 swellable 1075:1083 swellable 1075:1083 swellable 1075:1083 The bee venom-loaded wound dressing composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV was more swellable, flexible and elastic than other formulations. 24293065 7 27 theme venom-loaded 994:1005 arg1 dressing 1013:1020 The bee venom-loaded wound dressing 986:1020 The bee venom-loaded wound dressing composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV 986:1064 The bee venom-loaded wound dressing composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV was more swellable, flexible and elastic than other formulations. 24293065 4 28 theme elongation 664:673 arg1 ratio 625:629 swelling ratio 616:629 swelling ratio 616:629 The mechanical properties such as gel fraction, swelling ratio, tensile strength, percentage of elongation and surface pH were determined. 24293065 4 28 theme elongation 664:673 arg1 strength 640:647 tensile strength 632:647 tensile strength 632:647 The mechanical properties such as gel fraction, swelling ratio, tensile strength, percentage of elongation and surface pH were determined. 24293065 4 28 theme elongation 664:673 arg1 percentage 650:659 percentage 650:659 percentage of elongation 650:673 The mechanical properties such as gel fraction, swelling ratio, tensile strength, percentage of elongation and surface pH were determined. 24293065 4 28 theme elongation 664:673 arg1 pH 687:688 surface pH 679:688 surface pH 679:688 The mechanical properties such as gel fraction, swelling ratio, tensile strength, percentage of elongation and surface pH were determined. 24293065 4 28 theme elongation 664:673 arg1 fraction 606:613 gel fraction 602:613 gel fraction 602:613 The mechanical properties such as gel fraction, swelling ratio, tensile strength, percentage of elongation and surface pH were determined. 24293065 11 29 theme BV 1710:1711 arg1 % 1708:1708 4 % BV 1706:1711 4 % BV 1706:1711 Thus, the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV is a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities. 24293065 11 30 dep forming 1758:1764 arg1 excellent 1748:1756 excellent 1748:1756 excellent 1748:1756 Thus, the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV is a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities. 24293065 4 31 theme surface 679:685 arg1 pH 687:688 surface pH 679:688 surface pH 679:688 The mechanical properties such as gel fraction, swelling ratio, tensile strength, percentage of elongation and surface pH were determined. 24293065 0 32 theme polyvinyl 83:91 arg1 hydrogel 110:117 physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel 59:117 physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats 59:161 Accelerated wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats. 24293065 11 33 theme wound 1728:1732 arg1 dressing 1734:1741 a promising wound dressing 1716:1741 a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities 1716:1831 Thus, the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV is a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities. 24293065 11 33 theme wound 1728:1732 arg1 hydrogel 1660:1667 the bee venom-loaded hydrogel 1639:1667 the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV 1639:1711 Thus, the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV is a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities. 24293065 0 34 theme hydrogel 110:117 arg1 healing 18:24 wound healing 12:24 wound healing 12:24 Accelerated wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats. 24293065 0 34 theme hydrogel 110:117 arg1 effects 48:54 anti-inflammatory effects 30:54 anti-inflammatory effects of physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats 30:161 Accelerated wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats. 24293065 0 35 theme honey 130:134 arg1 bee 136:138 honey bee 130:138 honey bee venom 130:144 Accelerated wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats. 24293065 0 36 theme linked 76:81 arg1 hydrogel 110:117 physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel 59:117 physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats 59:161 Accelerated wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats. 24293065 11 37 theme % 1684:1684 arg1 PVA 1686:1688 10 % PVA 1681:1688 10 % PVA 1681:1688 Thus, the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV is a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities. 24293065 3 38 theme alcohol 430:436 arg1 preparations 404:415 Different preparations 394:415 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) 394:522 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. 24293065 5 39 theme skin 815:818 arg1 irritation 820:829 primary skin irritation 807:829 primary skin irritation 807:829 The pharmacological activities including wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects in addition to primary skin irritation and microbial penetration tests were evaluated. 24293065 8 40 dep showed 1226:1231 arg1 compared 1285:1292 compared 1285:1292 showed accelerated healing of wounds made in diabetic rats compared to the control 1226:1307 Pharmacologically, the bee venom-loaded wound dressing that has the same previous composition showed accelerated healing of wounds made in diabetic rats compared to the control. 24293065 11 41 theme % 1695:1695 arg1 Chit 1697:1700 0.6 % Chit 1691:1700 0.6 % Chit 1691:1700 Thus, the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV is a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities. 24293065 0 42 theme anti-inflammatory 30:46 arg1 effects 48:54 anti-inflammatory effects 30:54 anti-inflammatory effects of physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats 30:161 Accelerated wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats. 24293065 9 43 theme venom-loaded 1329:1340 arg1 dressing 1348:1355 this bee venom-loaded wound dressing 1320:1355 this bee venom-loaded wound dressing 1320:1355 Moreover, this bee venom-loaded wound dressing exhibited anti-inflammatory effect that is comparable to that of diclofenac gel, the standard anti-inflammatory drug. 24293065 3 44 theme Different 394:402 arg1 preparations 404:415 Different preparations 394:415 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) 394:522 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. 24293065 3 45 theme matrix-based 470:481 arg1 alcohol 430:436 polyvinyl alcohol 420:436 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 420:442 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. 24293065 3 45 theme matrix-based 470:481 arg1 dressing 489:496 chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing 445:496 chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) 445:522 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. 24293065 0 46 link linked 76:81 arg1 hydrogel 110:117 physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel 59:117 physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats 59:161 Accelerated wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats. 24293065 0 47 contain containing 119:128 arg2 venom 140:144 honey bee venom 130:144 honey bee venom 130:144 Accelerated wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats. 24293065 0 47 contain containing 119:128 arg1 hydrogel 110:117 physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel 59:117 physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats 59:161 Accelerated wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats. 24293065 11 48 theme anti-inflammatory 1804:1820 arg1 activities 1822:1831 anti-inflammatory activities 1804:1831 a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities 1716:1831 Thus, the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV is a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities. 24293065 9 49 theme anti-inflammatory 1367:1383 arg1 effect 1385:1390 anti-inflammatory effect 1367:1390 anti-inflammatory effect that is comparable to that of diclofenac gel, the standard anti-inflammatory drug 1367:1472 Moreover, this bee venom-loaded wound dressing exhibited anti-inflammatory effect that is comparable to that of diclofenac gel, the standard anti-inflammatory drug. 24293065 3 50 theme bee 509:511 arg1 BV 520:521 BV 520:521 BV 520:521 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. 24293065 3 50 theme bee 509:511 arg1 venom 513:517 bee venom 509:517 bee venom (BV) 509:522 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. 24293065 8 51 theme previous 1205:1212 arg1 composition 1214:1224 the same previous composition 1196:1224 the same previous composition 1196:1224 Pharmacologically, the bee venom-loaded wound dressing that has the same previous composition showed accelerated healing of wounds made in diabetic rats compared to the control. 24293065 4 52 theme gel 602:604 arg1 fraction 606:613 gel fraction 602:613 gel fraction 602:613 The mechanical properties such as gel fraction, swelling ratio, tensile strength, percentage of elongation and surface pH were determined. 24293065 10 53 theme higher 1545:1550 arg1 hydroxyproline 1552:1565 higher hydroxyproline and glutathione levels 1545:1588 hydroxyproline 1552:1565 Simultaneously, wound tissues covered with this preparation displayed higher hydroxyproline and glutathione levels and lower IL-6 levels compared to control. 24293065 10 54 theme lower 1594:1598 arg1 levels 1605:1610 lower IL-6 levels 1594:1610 lower IL-6 levels 1594:1610 Simultaneously, wound tissues covered with this preparation displayed higher hydroxyproline and glutathione levels and lower IL-6 levels compared to control. 24293065 11 55 theme bee 1643:1645 arg1 dressing 1734:1741 a promising wound dressing 1716:1741 a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities 1716:1831 Thus, the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV is a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities. 24293065 11 55 theme bee 1643:1645 arg1 hydrogel 1660:1667 the bee venom-loaded hydrogel 1639:1667 the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV 1639:1711 Thus, the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV is a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities. 24293065 2 56 theme venom-loaded 278:289 arg1 dressing 297:304 a bee venom-loaded wound dressing 272:304 a bee venom-loaded wound dressing with an enhanced healing and anti-inflammatory effects 272:359 The objective of this study was to develop a bee venom-loaded wound dressing with an enhanced healing and anti-inflammatory effects to be examined in diabetic rats. 24293065 4 57 theme mechanical 572:581 arg1 properties 583:592 The mechanical properties 568:592 The mechanical properties such as gel fraction, swelling ratio, tensile strength, percentage of elongation and surface pH 568:688 The mechanical properties such as gel fraction, swelling ratio, tensile strength, percentage of elongation and surface pH were determined. 24293065 4 57 theme mechanical 572:581 arg1 ratio 625:629 swelling ratio 616:629 swelling ratio 616:629 The mechanical properties such as gel fraction, swelling ratio, tensile strength, percentage of elongation and surface pH were determined. 24293065 4 57 theme mechanical 572:581 arg1 fraction 606:613 gel fraction 602:613 gel fraction 602:613 The mechanical properties such as gel fraction, swelling ratio, tensile strength, percentage of elongation and surface pH were determined. 24293065 4 57 theme mechanical 572:581 arg1 strength 640:647 tensile strength 632:647 tensile strength 632:647 The mechanical properties such as gel fraction, swelling ratio, tensile strength, percentage of elongation and surface pH were determined. 24293065 4 57 theme mechanical 572:581 arg1 pH 687:688 surface pH 679:688 surface pH 679:688 The mechanical properties such as gel fraction, swelling ratio, tensile strength, percentage of elongation and surface pH were determined. 24293065 4 57 theme mechanical 572:581 arg1 percentage 650:659 percentage 650:659 percentage of elongation 650:673 The mechanical properties such as gel fraction, swelling ratio, tensile strength, percentage of elongation and surface pH were determined. 24293065 2 58 theme anti-inflammatory 335:351 arg1 effects 353:359 anti-inflammatory effects 335:359 anti-inflammatory effects 335:359 The objective of this study was to develop a bee venom-loaded wound dressing with an enhanced healing and anti-inflammatory effects to be examined in diabetic rats. 24293065 9 59 theme diclofenac 1422:1431 arg1 drug 1469:1472 the standard anti-inflammatory drug 1438:1472 the standard anti-inflammatory drug 1438:1472 Moreover, this bee venom-loaded wound dressing exhibited anti-inflammatory effect that is comparable to that of diclofenac gel, the standard anti-inflammatory drug. 24293065 9 59 theme diclofenac 1422:1431 arg1 gel 1433:1435 diclofenac gel 1422:1435 diclofenac gel 1422:1435 Moreover, this bee venom-loaded wound dressing exhibited anti-inflammatory effect that is comparable to that of diclofenac gel, the standard anti-inflammatory drug. 24293065 4 60 theme tensile 632:638 arg1 strength 640:647 tensile strength 632:647 tensile strength 632:647 The mechanical properties such as gel fraction, swelling ratio, tensile strength, percentage of elongation and surface pH were determined. 24293065 5 61 theme anti-inflammatory 766:782 arg1 effects 784:790 anti-inflammatory effects 766:790 anti-inflammatory effects 766:790 The pharmacological activities including wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects in addition to primary skin irritation and microbial penetration tests were evaluated. 24293065 3 62 theme freeze-thawing 545:558 arg1 method 560:565 freeze-thawing method 545:565 freeze-thawing method 545:565 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. 24293065 1 63 theme leading 187:193 arg1 causes 195:200 the leading causes 183:200 the leading causes of impaired wound healing 183:226 Diabetes is one of the leading causes of impaired wound healing. 24293065 8 64 theme bee 1155:1157 arg1 dressing 1178:1185 the bee venom-loaded wound dressing 1151:1185 the bee venom-loaded wound dressing that has the same previous composition 1151:1224 Pharmacologically, the bee venom-loaded wound dressing that has the same previous composition showed accelerated healing of wounds made in diabetic rats compared to the control. 24293065 11 65 theme wound 1779:1783 arg1 healing 1785:1791 enhanced wound healing 1770:1791 enhanced wound healing 1770:1791 Thus, the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV is a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities. 24293065 9 66 theme standard 1442:1449 arg1 drug 1469:1472 the standard anti-inflammatory drug 1438:1472 the standard anti-inflammatory drug 1438:1472 Moreover, this bee venom-loaded wound dressing exhibited anti-inflammatory effect that is comparable to that of diclofenac gel, the standard anti-inflammatory drug. 24293065 9 66 theme standard 1442:1449 arg1 gel 1433:1435 diclofenac gel 1422:1435 diclofenac gel 1422:1435 Moreover, this bee venom-loaded wound dressing exhibited anti-inflammatory effect that is comparable to that of diclofenac gel, the standard anti-inflammatory drug. 24293065 8 67 theme wound 1172:1176 arg1 dressing 1178:1185 the bee venom-loaded wound dressing 1151:1185 the bee venom-loaded wound dressing that has the same previous composition 1151:1224 Pharmacologically, the bee venom-loaded wound dressing that has the same previous composition showed accelerated healing of wounds made in diabetic rats compared to the control. 24293065 6 68 theme diabetic 971:978 arg1 rats 980:983 diabetic rats 971:983 diabetic rats 971:983 Moreover, hydroxyproline, glutathione and IL-6 levels were measured in the wound tissues of diabetic rats. 24293065 7 69 theme % 1048:1048 arg1 Chit 1050:1053 0.6 % Chit 1044:1053 0.6 % Chit 1044:1053 The bee venom-loaded wound dressing composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV was more swellable, flexible and elastic than other formulations. 24293065 1 70 theme wound 214:218 arg1 healing 220:226 impaired wound healing 205:226 impaired wound healing 205:226 Diabetes is one of the leading causes of impaired wound healing. 24293065 8 71 theme wounds 1256:1261 arg1 healing 1245:1251 accelerated healing 1233:1251 accelerated healing of wounds made in diabetic rats 1233:1283 Pharmacologically, the bee venom-loaded wound dressing that has the same previous composition showed accelerated healing of wounds made in diabetic rats compared to the control. 24293065 7 72 theme 10 1034:1035 arg1 % 1037:1037 % 1037:1037 % 1037:1037 The bee venom-loaded wound dressing composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV was more swellable, flexible and elastic than other formulations. 24293065 7 73 theme % 1037:1037 arg1 PVA 1039:1041 10 % PVA 1034:1041 10 % PVA 1034:1041 The bee venom-loaded wound dressing composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV was more swellable, flexible and elastic than other formulations. 24293065 11 74 theme promising 1718:1726 arg1 dressing 1734:1741 a promising wound dressing 1716:1741 a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities 1716:1831 Thus, the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV is a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities. 24293065 11 74 theme promising 1718:1726 arg1 hydrogel 1660:1667 the bee venom-loaded hydrogel 1639:1667 the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV 1639:1711 Thus, the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV is a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities. 24293065 5 75 theme wound 748:752 arg1 healing 754:760 wound healing 748:760 wound healing 748:760 The pharmacological activities including wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects in addition to primary skin irritation and microbial penetration tests were evaluated. 24293065 2 76 theme study 251:255 arg1 objective 233:241 The objective 229:241 The objective of this study 229:255 The objective of this study was to develop a bee venom-loaded wound dressing with an enhanced healing and anti-inflammatory effects to be examined in diabetic rats. 24293065 7 77 theme wound 1007:1011 arg1 swellable 1075:1083 swellable 1075:1083 swellable 1075:1083 The bee venom-loaded wound dressing composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV was more swellable, flexible and elastic than other formulations. 24293065 7 77 theme wound 1007:1011 arg1 dressing 1013:1020 The bee venom-loaded wound dressing 986:1020 The bee venom-loaded wound dressing composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV 986:1064 The bee venom-loaded wound dressing composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV was more swellable, flexible and elastic than other formulations. 24293065 3 78 contain containing 498:507 arg2 venom 513:517 bee venom 509:517 bee venom (BV) 509:522 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. 24293065 3 78 contain containing 498:507 arg1 alcohol 430:436 polyvinyl alcohol 420:436 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 420:442 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. 24293065 3 78 contain containing 498:507 arg2 BV 520:521 BV 520:521 BV 520:521 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. 24293065 3 78 contain containing 498:507 arg1 dressing 489:496 chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing 445:496 chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) 445:522 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. 24293065 5 79 theme pharmacological 711:725 arg1 activities 727:736 The pharmacological activities 707:736 The pharmacological activities including wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects in addition to primary skin irritation and microbial penetration tests 707:861 The pharmacological activities including wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects in addition to primary skin irritation and microbial penetration tests were evaluated. 24293065 5 79 theme pharmacological 711:725 arg1 healing 754:760 wound healing 748:760 wound healing 748:760 The pharmacological activities including wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects in addition to primary skin irritation and microbial penetration tests were evaluated. 24293065 5 79 theme pharmacological 711:725 arg1 effects 784:790 anti-inflammatory effects 766:790 anti-inflammatory effects 766:790 The pharmacological activities including wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects in addition to primary skin irritation and microbial penetration tests were evaluated. 24293065 0 80 theme alcohol-chitosan 93:108 arg1 hydrogel 110:117 physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel 59:117 physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats 59:161 Accelerated wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats. 24293065 7 81 theme bee 990:992 arg1 swellable 1075:1083 swellable 1075:1083 swellable 1075:1083 The bee venom-loaded wound dressing composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV was more swellable, flexible and elastic than other formulations. 24293065 7 81 theme bee 990:992 arg1 dressing 1013:1020 The bee venom-loaded wound dressing 986:1020 The bee venom-loaded wound dressing composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV 986:1064 The bee venom-loaded wound dressing composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV was more swellable, flexible and elastic than other formulations. 24293065 2 82 with dressing 297:304 arg1 healing 323:329 an enhanced healing 311:329 an enhanced healing 311:329 The objective of this study was to develop a bee venom-loaded wound dressing with an enhanced healing and anti-inflammatory effects to be examined in diabetic rats. 24293065 2 82 with dressing 297:304 arg1 effects 353:359 anti-inflammatory effects 335:359 anti-inflammatory effects 335:359 The objective of this study was to develop a bee venom-loaded wound dressing with an enhanced healing and anti-inflammatory effects to be examined in diabetic rats. 24293065 2 83 theme enhanced 314:321 arg1 healing 323:329 an enhanced healing 311:329 an enhanced healing 311:329 The objective of this study was to develop a bee venom-loaded wound dressing with an enhanced healing and anti-inflammatory effects to be examined in diabetic rats. 24293065 0 84 theme bee 136:138 arg1 venom 140:144 honey bee venom 130:144 honey bee venom 130:144 Accelerated wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats. 24293065 9 85 theme anti-inflammatory 1451:1467 arg1 drug 1469:1472 the standard anti-inflammatory drug 1438:1472 the standard anti-inflammatory drug 1438:1472 Moreover, this bee venom-loaded wound dressing exhibited anti-inflammatory effect that is comparable to that of diclofenac gel, the standard anti-inflammatory drug. 24293065 9 85 theme anti-inflammatory 1451:1467 arg1 gel 1433:1435 diclofenac gel 1422:1435 diclofenac gel 1422:1435 Moreover, this bee venom-loaded wound dressing exhibited anti-inflammatory effect that is comparable to that of diclofenac gel, the standard anti-inflammatory drug. 24293065 0 86 theme wound 12:16 arg1 healing 18:24 wound healing 12:24 wound healing 12:24 Accelerated wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats. 24293065 0 87 dep linked 76:81 arg1 cross 70:74 cross 70:74 cross 70:74 Accelerated wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats. 24293065 10 88 theme wound 1491:1495 arg1 tissues 1497:1503 wound tissues 1491:1503 wound tissues covered with this preparation 1491:1533 Simultaneously, wound tissues covered with this preparation displayed higher hydroxyproline and glutathione levels and lower IL-6 levels compared to control. 24293065 11 89 theme 0.6 1691:1693 arg1 % 1695:1695 % 1695:1695 % 1695:1695 Thus, the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV is a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities. 24293065 3 90 theme Chit 455:458 arg1 alcohol 430:436 polyvinyl alcohol 420:436 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 420:442 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. 24293065 3 90 theme Chit 455:458 arg1 dressing 489:496 chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing 445:496 chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) 445:522 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. 24293065 7 91 theme other 1112:1116 arg1 formulations 1118:1129 other formulations 1112:1129 other formulations 1112:1129 The bee venom-loaded wound dressing composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV was more swellable, flexible and elastic than other formulations. 24293065 9 92 theme bee 1325:1327 arg1 dressing 1348:1355 this bee venom-loaded wound dressing 1320:1355 this bee venom-loaded wound dressing 1320:1355 Moreover, this bee venom-loaded wound dressing exhibited anti-inflammatory effect that is comparable to that of diclofenac gel, the standard anti-inflammatory drug. 24293065 3 93 theme polyvinyl 420:428 arg1 PVA 439:441 PVA 439:441 PVA 439:441 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. 24293065 3 93 theme polyvinyl 420:428 arg1 alcohol 430:436 polyvinyl alcohol 420:436 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 420:442 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. 24293065 3 93 theme polyvinyl 420:428 arg1 dressing 489:496 chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing 445:496 chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) 445:522 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. 24293065 3 94 theme chitosan 445:452 arg1 alcohol 430:436 polyvinyl alcohol 420:436 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 420:442 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. 24293065 3 94 theme chitosan 445:452 arg1 dressing 489:496 chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing 445:496 chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) 445:522 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. 24293065 9 95 theme wound 1342:1346 arg1 dressing 1348:1355 this bee venom-loaded wound dressing 1320:1355 this bee venom-loaded wound dressing 1320:1355 Moreover, this bee venom-loaded wound dressing exhibited anti-inflammatory effect that is comparable to that of diclofenac gel, the standard anti-inflammatory drug. 24293065 3 96 theme wound 483:487 arg1 alcohol 430:436 polyvinyl alcohol 420:436 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 420:442 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. 24293065 3 96 theme wound 483:487 arg1 dressing 489:496 chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing 445:496 chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) 445:522 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. 24293065 1 97 theme impaired 205:212 arg1 healing 220:226 impaired wound healing 205:226 impaired wound healing 205:226 Diabetes is one of the leading causes of impaired wound healing. 24293065 3 98 theme hydrogel 461:468 arg1 alcohol 430:436 polyvinyl alcohol 420:436 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 420:442 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. 24293065 3 98 theme hydrogel 461:468 arg1 dressing 489:496 chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing 445:496 chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) 445:522 Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. 24293065 11 99 theme venom-loaded 1647:1658 arg1 dressing 1734:1741 a promising wound dressing 1716:1741 a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities 1716:1831 Thus, the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV is a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities. 24293065 11 99 theme venom-loaded 1647:1658 arg1 hydrogel 1660:1667 the bee venom-loaded hydrogel 1639:1667 the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV 1639:1711 Thus, the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV is a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities. 24293065 5 100 theme primary 807:813 arg1 irritation 820:829 primary skin irritation 807:829 primary skin irritation 807:829 The pharmacological activities including wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects in addition to primary skin irritation and microbial penetration tests were evaluated. 29412381 3 0 theme caloric/macronutrient 979:999 arg1 levels 683:688 The levels 679:688 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility 679:892 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 0 theme caloric/macronutrient 979:999 arg1 intake 1001:1006 caloric/macronutrient intake 979:1006 caloric/macronutrient intake 979:1006 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 2 1 theme cluster 545:551 arg1 study 553:557 a cluster study 543:557 a cluster study 543:557 SUBJECTS AND METHODS On the basis of a cluster study, middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2) were divided into groups of higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 3 2 theme glucose 820:826 arg1 expenditure 966:976 rest energy expenditure 954:976 rest energy expenditure 954:976 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 2 theme glucose 820:826 arg1 fitness 1021:1027 physical fitness 1012:1027 physical fitness 1012:1027 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 2 theme glucose 820:826 arg1 profile 901:907 lipid profile 895:907 lipid profile 895:907 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 2 theme glucose 820:826 arg1 levels 683:688 The levels 679:688 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility 679:892 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 2 theme glucose 820:826 arg1 composition 941:951 body composition 936:951 body composition 936:951 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 2 theme glucose 820:826 arg1 intake 1001:1006 caloric/macronutrient intake 979:1006 caloric/macronutrient intake 979:1006 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 2 theme glucose 820:826 arg1 risk 910:913 risk 910:913 risk of T2DM development 910:933 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 2 3 from METHODS 519:525 arg1 basis 534:538 the basis 530:538 the basis of a cluster study 530:557 SUBJECTS AND METHODS On the basis of a cluster study, middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2) were divided into groups of higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 5 4 theme Inverse 1575:1581 arg1 correlations 1583:1594 Inverse correlations 1575:1594 Inverse correlations between FNDC5/irisin and body weight (r -0.46, p = 0.04), neck circumference (r -0.51, p = 0.02), free fat mass (r -0.49, p = 0.02), triglycerides (r -0.43, p = 0.05) and risk of developing T2DM (r -0.61, p = 0.04) 1575:1809 Inverse correlations between FNDC5/irisin and body weight (r -0.46, p = 0.04), neck circumference (r -0.51, p = 0.02), free fat mass (r -0.49, p = 0.02), triglycerides (r -0.43, p = 0.05) and risk of developing T2DM (r -0.61, p = 0.04) were observed. 29412381 4 5 theme insulin 1277:1283 arg1 resistance 1285:1294 lower insulin resistance 1271:1294 lower insulin resistance 1271:1294 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 5 theme insulin 1277:1283 arg1 sensibility 1110:1120 insulin sensibility 1102:1120 insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)) 1102:1213 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 1 6 theme protein 240:246 arg1 levels 265:270 higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels 185:270 higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels 185:270 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 2 7 theme obese 572:576 arg1 IMC 583:585 IMC 583:585 IMC 583:585 SUBJECTS AND METHODS On the basis of a cluster study, middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2) were divided into groups of higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 2 7 theme obese 572:576 arg1 men 578:580 middle-aged obese men 560:580 middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2) 560:606 SUBJECTS AND METHODS On the basis of a cluster study, middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2) were divided into groups of higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 2 7 theme obese 572:576 arg1 SUBJECTS 506:513 SUBJECTS 506:513 SUBJECTS 506:513 SUBJECTS AND METHODS On the basis of a cluster study, middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2) were divided into groups of higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 3 8 theme glycated 838:845 arg1 hemoglobin 847:856 glycated hemoglobin 838:856 glycated hemoglobin 838:856 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 6 9 theme middle-aged 1901:1911 arg1 men 1913:1915 obese middle-aged men 1895:1915 obese middle-aged men 1895:1915 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. 29412381 4 10 theme development 1459:1469 arg1 sensibility 1110:1120 insulin sensibility 1102:1120 insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)) 1102:1213 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 10 theme development 1459:1469 arg1 risk 1446:1449 risk 1446:1449 risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02) 1446:1480 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 6 11 theme LPS 2004:2006 arg1 inducer 2021:2027 a potential inducer 2009:2027 a potential inducer of insulin resistance 2009:2049 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. 29412381 6 11 theme LPS 2004:2006 arg1 profile 1951:1957 a better metabolic profile 1932:1957 a better metabolic profile 1932:1957 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. 29412381 6 11 theme LPS 2004:2006 arg1 risk 1969:1972 lower risk 1963:1972 lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS 1963:2006 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. 29412381 3 12 theme sensibility 882:892 arg1 expenditure 966:976 rest energy expenditure 954:976 rest energy expenditure 954:976 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 12 theme sensibility 882:892 arg1 fitness 1021:1027 physical fitness 1012:1027 physical fitness 1012:1027 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 12 theme sensibility 882:892 arg1 profile 901:907 lipid profile 895:907 lipid profile 895:907 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 12 theme sensibility 882:892 arg1 levels 683:688 The levels 679:688 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility 679:892 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 12 theme sensibility 882:892 arg1 composition 941:951 body composition 936:951 body composition 936:951 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 12 theme sensibility 882:892 arg1 intake 1001:1006 caloric/macronutrient intake 979:1006 caloric/macronutrient intake 979:1006 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 12 theme sensibility 882:892 arg1 risk 910:913 risk 910:913 risk of T2DM development 910:933 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 2 13 theme smaller 647:653 arg1 levels 655:660 higher and smaller levels 636:660 higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin 636:676 SUBJECTS AND METHODS On the basis of a cluster study, middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2) were divided into groups of higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 4 14 theme serum 1504:1508 arg1 resistin 1510:1517 serum resistin 1504:1517 serum resistin (p = 0.08) 1504:1528 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 14 theme serum 1504:1508 arg1 p 1520:1520 p = 0.08 1520:1527 p = 0.08 1520:1527 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 1 15 theme middle-aged 425:435 arg1 men 437:439 obese middle-aged men 419:439 obese middle-aged men 419:439 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 1 16 theme study 161:165 arg1 aim 149:151 the aim 145:151 the aim of this study 145:165 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 4 17 theme FNDC5/ 1063:1068 arg1 group 1077:1081 The higher FNDC5/ irisin group 1052:1081 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group 1044:1081 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 3 18 theme resistance 867:876 arg1 expenditure 966:976 rest energy expenditure 954:976 rest energy expenditure 954:976 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 18 theme resistance 867:876 arg1 fitness 1021:1027 physical fitness 1012:1027 physical fitness 1012:1027 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 18 theme resistance 867:876 arg1 profile 901:907 lipid profile 895:907 lipid profile 895:907 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 18 theme resistance 867:876 arg1 levels 683:688 The levels 679:688 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility 679:892 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 18 theme resistance 867:876 arg1 composition 941:951 body composition 936:951 body composition 936:951 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 18 theme resistance 867:876 arg1 intake 1001:1006 caloric/macronutrient intake 979:1006 caloric/macronutrient intake 979:1006 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 18 theme resistance 867:876 arg1 risk 910:913 risk 910:913 risk of T2DM development 910:933 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 5 19 theme free 1694:1697 arg1 mass 1703:1706 free fat mass 1694:1706 free fat mass (r -0.49, p = 0.02) 1694:1726 Inverse correlations between FNDC5/irisin and body weight (r -0.46, p = 0.04), neck circumference (r -0.51, p = 0.02), free fat mass (r -0.49, p = 0.02), triglycerides (r -0.43, p = 0.05) and risk of developing T2DM (r -0.61, p = 0.04) were observed. 29412381 4 20 theme QUICKI 1190:1195 arg1 index 1197:1201 QUICKI index 1190:1201 QUICKI index 1190:1201 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 5 21 theme body 1621:1624 arg1 weight 1626:1631 FNDC5/irisin and body weight 1604:1631 weight 1626:1631 Inverse correlations between FNDC5/irisin and body weight (r -0.46, p = 0.04), neck circumference (r -0.51, p = 0.02), free fat mass (r -0.49, p = 0.02), triglycerides (r -0.43, p = 0.05) and risk of developing T2DM (r -0.61, p = 0.04) were observed. 29412381 1 22 theme type 379:382 arg1 T2DM 405:408 T2DM 405:408 T2DM 405:408 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 1 22 theme type 379:382 arg1 mellitus 395:402 type 2 diabetes mellitus 379:402 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men 379:439 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 4 23 theme TYG 1392:1394 arg1 triglycerides/glucose 1369:1389 triglycerides/glucose 1369:1389 triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02) 1369:1412 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 23 theme TYG 1392:1394 arg1 index 1396:1400 TYG index 1392:1400 TYG index 1392:1400 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 24 theme higher 1056:1061 arg1 group 1077:1081 The higher FNDC5/ irisin group 1052:1081 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group 1044:1081 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 25 theme significant 1534:1544 arg1 p 1564:1564 p = 0.02 1564:1571 p = 0.02 1564:1571 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 25 theme significant 1534:1544 arg1 levels 1556:1561 significant lower LPS levels 1534:1561 significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02) 1534:1572 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 3 26 theme resistin 701:708 arg1 expenditure 966:976 rest energy expenditure 954:976 rest energy expenditure 954:976 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 26 theme resistin 701:708 arg1 fitness 1021:1027 physical fitness 1012:1027 physical fitness 1012:1027 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 26 theme resistin 701:708 arg1 profile 901:907 lipid profile 895:907 lipid profile 895:907 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 26 theme resistin 701:708 arg1 levels 683:688 The levels 679:688 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility 679:892 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 26 theme resistin 701:708 arg1 composition 941:951 body composition 936:951 body composition 936:951 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 26 theme resistin 701:708 arg1 intake 1001:1006 caloric/macronutrient intake 979:1006 caloric/macronutrient intake 979:1006 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 26 theme resistin 701:708 arg1 risk 910:913 risk 910:913 risk of T2DM development 910:933 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 1 27 theme diabetes 386:393 arg1 T2DM 405:408 T2DM 405:408 T2DM 405:408 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 1 27 theme diabetes 386:393 arg1 mellitus 395:402 type 2 diabetes mellitus 379:402 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men 379:439 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 4 28 theme = 1360:1360 arg1 resistance 1336:1345 insulin resistance 1328:1345 insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01) 1328:1366 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 28 theme = 1360:1360 arg1 p 1358:1358 p = 0.01 1358:1365 p = 0.01 1358:1365 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 3 29 theme factor 739:744 arg1 resistin 701:708 resistin 701:708 resistin 701:708 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 29 theme factor 739:744 arg1 TNFα 753:756 TNFα 753:756 TNFα 753:756 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 29 theme factor 739:744 arg1 alpha 746:750 tumor necrosis factor alpha 724:750 tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) 724:757 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 2 30 theme higher 636:641 arg1 levels 655:660 higher and smaller levels 636:660 higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin 636:676 SUBJECTS AND METHODS On the basis of a cluster study, middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2) were divided into groups of higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 4 31 theme LPS 1552:1554 arg1 p 1564:1564 p = 0.02 1564:1571 p = 0.02 1564:1571 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 31 theme LPS 1552:1554 arg1 levels 1556:1561 significant lower LPS levels 1534:1561 significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02) 1534:1572 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 3 32 theme leptin 693:698 arg1 expenditure 966:976 rest energy expenditure 954:976 rest energy expenditure 954:976 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 32 theme leptin 693:698 arg1 fitness 1021:1027 physical fitness 1012:1027 physical fitness 1012:1027 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 32 theme leptin 693:698 arg1 profile 901:907 lipid profile 895:907 lipid profile 895:907 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 32 theme leptin 693:698 arg1 levels 683:688 The levels 679:688 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility 679:892 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 32 theme leptin 693:698 arg1 composition 941:951 body composition 936:951 body composition 936:951 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 32 theme leptin 693:698 arg1 intake 1001:1006 caloric/macronutrient intake 979:1006 caloric/macronutrient intake 979:1006 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 32 theme leptin 693:698 arg1 risk 910:913 risk 910:913 risk of T2DM development 910:933 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 0 33 theme metabolic 52:60 arg1 profile 62:68 a better metabolic profile 43:68 a better metabolic profile 43:68 Obese with higher FNDC5/Irisin levels have a better metabolic profile, lower lipopolysaccharide levels and type 2 diabetes risk. 29412381 4 34 theme = 1227:1227 arg1 insulin 1216:1222 insulin 1216:1222 insulin (p = 0.02) 1216:1233 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 34 theme = 1227:1227 arg1 p 1225:1225 p = 0.02 1225:1232 p = 0.02 1225:1232 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 35 theme = 1522:1522 arg1 resistin 1510:1517 serum resistin 1504:1517 serum resistin (p = 0.08) 1504:1528 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 35 theme = 1522:1522 arg1 p 1520:1520 p = 0.08 1520:1527 p = 0.08 1520:1527 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 3 36 theme tumor 724:728 arg1 resistin 701:708 resistin 701:708 resistin 701:708 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 36 theme tumor 724:728 arg1 TNFα 753:756 TNFα 753:756 TNFα 753:756 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 36 theme tumor 724:728 arg1 alpha 746:750 tumor necrosis factor alpha 724:750 tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) 724:757 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 4 37 theme neck 1415:1418 arg1 p 1435:1435 p = 0.02 1435:1442 p = 0.02 1435:1442 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 37 theme neck 1415:1418 arg1 circumference 1420:1432 neck circumference 1415:1432 neck circumference (p = 0.02) 1415:1443 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 37 theme neck 1415:1418 arg1 sensibility 1110:1120 insulin sensibility 1102:1120 insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)) 1102:1213 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 38 theme irisin 1070:1075 arg1 group 1077:1081 The higher FNDC5/ irisin group 1052:1081 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group 1044:1081 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 0 39 theme lipopolysaccharide 77:94 arg1 levels 96:101 lower lipopolysaccharide levels 71:101 lower lipopolysaccharide levels 71:101 Obese with higher FNDC5/Irisin levels have a better metabolic profile, lower lipopolysaccharide levels and type 2 diabetes risk. 29412381 3 40 theme lipid 895:899 arg1 profile 901:907 lipid profile 895:907 lipid profile 895:907 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 40 theme lipid 895:899 arg1 levels 683:688 The levels 679:688 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility 679:892 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 4 41 theme = 1262:1262 arg1 insulin 1216:1222 insulin 1216:1222 insulin (p = 0.02) 1216:1233 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 41 theme = 1262:1262 arg1 p 1260:1260 p = 0.01 1260:1267 p = 0.01 1260:1267 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 1 42 theme caloric/macronutrient 328:348 arg1 markers 319:325 inflammatory and metabolic markers 292:325 inflammatory and metabolic markers 292:325 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 1 42 theme caloric/macronutrient 328:348 arg1 intake 350:355 caloric/macronutrient intake 328:355 caloric/macronutrient intake 328:355 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 3 43 theme development 923:933 arg1 levels 683:688 The levels 679:688 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility 679:892 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 43 theme development 923:933 arg1 risk 910:913 risk 910:913 risk of T2DM development 910:933 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 4 44 theme = 1406:1406 arg1 p 1404:1404 p = 0.02 1404:1411 p = 0.02 1404:1411 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 44 theme = 1406:1406 arg1 triglycerides/glucose 1369:1389 triglycerides/glucose 1369:1389 triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02) 1369:1412 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 1 45 from intake 350:355 arg1 men 437:439 obese middle-aged men 419:439 obese middle-aged men 419:439 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 6 46 theme development 1982:1992 arg1 inducer 2021:2027 a potential inducer 2009:2027 a potential inducer of insulin resistance 2009:2049 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. 29412381 6 46 theme development 1982:1992 arg1 profile 1951:1957 a better metabolic profile 1932:1957 a better metabolic profile 1932:1957 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. 29412381 6 46 theme development 1982:1992 arg1 risk 1969:1972 lower risk 1963:1972 lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS 1963:2006 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. 29412381 2 47 theme 31.01 588:592 arg1 kg/m2 601:605 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2 588:605 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2 588:605 SUBJECTS AND METHODS On the basis of a cluster study, middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2) were divided into groups of higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 1 48 dep OBJECTIVE 129:137 arg1 was 167:169 was 167:169 was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin 167:503 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 4 49 theme triglyceride 1239:1250 arg1 levels 1252:1257 triglyceride levels 1239:1257 triglyceride levels 1239:1257 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 49 theme triglyceride 1239:1250 arg1 sensibility 1110:1120 insulin sensibility 1102:1120 insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)) 1102:1213 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 0 50 theme higher 11:16 arg1 levels 31:36 higher FNDC5/Irisin levels 11:36 higher FNDC5/Irisin levels 11:36 Obese with higher FNDC5/Irisin levels have a better metabolic profile, lower lipopolysaccharide levels and type 2 diabetes risk. 29412381 1 51 theme FNDC5 251:255 arg1 levels 265:270 higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels 185:270 higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels 185:270 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 5 52 dep = 1755:1755 arg1 r 1744:1744 r -0.43 1744:1750 r -0.43 1744:1750 Inverse correlations between FNDC5/irisin and body weight (r -0.46, p = 0.04), neck circumference (r -0.51, p = 0.02), free fat mass (r -0.49, p = 0.02), triglycerides (r -0.43, p = 0.05) and risk of developing T2DM (r -0.61, p = 0.04) were observed. 29412381 4 53 theme model 1135:1139 arg1 assessment 1141:1150 homeostasis model assessment 1123:1150 homeostasis model assessment 1123:1150 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 54 theme = 1566:1566 arg1 p 1564:1564 p = 0.02 1564:1571 p = 0.02 1564:1571 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 54 theme = 1566:1566 arg1 levels 1556:1561 significant lower LPS levels 1534:1561 significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02) 1534:1572 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 1 55 theme /irisin 257:263 arg1 levels 265:270 higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels 185:270 higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels 185:270 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 3 56 theme body 936:939 arg1 composition 941:951 body composition 936:951 body composition 936:951 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 56 theme body 936:939 arg1 levels 683:688 The levels 679:688 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility 679:892 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 5 57 theme neck 1654:1657 arg1 circumference 1659:1671 neck circumference 1654:1671 neck circumference (r -0.51, p = 0.02) 1654:1691 Inverse correlations between FNDC5/irisin and body weight (r -0.46, p = 0.04), neck circumference (r -0.51, p = 0.02), free fat mass (r -0.49, p = 0.02), triglycerides (r -0.43, p = 0.05) and risk of developing T2DM (r -0.61, p = 0.04) were observed. 29412381 6 58 theme obese 1895:1899 arg1 men 1913:1915 obese middle-aged men 1895:1915 obese middle-aged men 1895:1915 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. 29412381 4 59 theme homeostasis 1297:1307 arg1 assessment 1315:1324 homeostasis model assessment 1297:1324 homeostasis model assessment 1297:1324 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 5 60 dep = 1645:1645 arg1 r 1634:1634 r -0.46 1634:1640 r -0.46 1634:1640 Inverse correlations between FNDC5/irisin and body weight (r -0.46, p = 0.04), neck circumference (r -0.51, p = 0.02), free fat mass (r -0.49, p = 0.02), triglycerides (r -0.43, p = 0.05) and risk of developing T2DM (r -0.61, p = 0.04) were observed. 29412381 3 61 theme lipopolysaccharide 794:811 arg1 expenditure 966:976 rest energy expenditure 954:976 rest energy expenditure 954:976 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 61 theme lipopolysaccharide 794:811 arg1 fitness 1021:1027 physical fitness 1012:1027 physical fitness 1012:1027 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 61 theme lipopolysaccharide 794:811 arg1 profile 901:907 lipid profile 895:907 lipid profile 895:907 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 61 theme lipopolysaccharide 794:811 arg1 levels 683:688 The levels 679:688 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility 679:892 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 61 theme lipopolysaccharide 794:811 arg1 composition 941:951 body composition 936:951 body composition 936:951 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 61 theme lipopolysaccharide 794:811 arg1 intake 1001:1006 caloric/macronutrient intake 979:1006 caloric/macronutrient intake 979:1006 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 61 theme lipopolysaccharide 794:811 arg1 risk 910:913 risk 910:913 risk of T2DM development 910:933 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 4 62 theme = 1437:1437 arg1 p 1435:1435 p = 0.02 1435:1442 p = 0.02 1435:1442 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 62 theme = 1437:1437 arg1 circumference 1420:1432 neck circumference 1415:1432 neck circumference (p = 0.02) 1415:1443 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 63 theme insulin 1102:1108 arg1 insulin 1216:1222 insulin 1216:1222 insulin (p = 0.02) 1216:1233 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 63 theme insulin 1102:1108 arg1 sensibility 1110:1120 insulin sensibility 1102:1120 insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)) 1102:1213 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 63 theme insulin 1102:1108 arg1 risk 1446:1449 risk 1446:1449 risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02) 1446:1480 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 63 theme insulin 1102:1108 arg1 levels 1252:1257 triglyceride levels 1239:1257 triglyceride levels 1239:1257 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 63 theme insulin 1102:1108 arg1 circumference 1420:1432 neck circumference 1415:1432 neck circumference (p = 0.02) 1415:1443 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 63 theme insulin 1102:1108 arg1 triglycerides/glucose 1369:1389 triglycerides/glucose 1369:1389 triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02) 1369:1412 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 63 theme insulin 1102:1108 arg1 resistance 1285:1294 lower insulin resistance 1271:1294 lower insulin resistance 1271:1294 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 63 theme insulin 1102:1108 arg1 tendency 1483:1490 tendency 1483:1490 tendency 1483:1490 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 0 64 with Obese 0:4 arg1 levels 31:36 higher FNDC5/Irisin levels 11:36 higher FNDC5/Irisin levels 11:36 Obese with higher FNDC5/Irisin levels have a better metabolic profile, lower lipopolysaccharide levels and type 2 diabetes risk. 29412381 1 65 theme higher 185:190 arg1 levels 265:270 higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels 185:270 higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels 185:270 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 3 66 theme energy 959:964 arg1 levels 683:688 The levels 679:688 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility 679:892 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 66 theme energy 959:964 arg1 expenditure 966:976 rest energy expenditure 954:976 rest energy expenditure 954:976 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 6 67 theme higher 1865:1870 arg1 levels 1885:1890 higher FNDC5/irisin levels 1865:1890 higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men 1865:1915 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. 29412381 4 68 theme = 1474:1474 arg1 development 1459:1469 T2DM development 1454:1469 T2DM development (p = 0.02) 1454:1480 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 68 theme = 1474:1474 arg1 p 1472:1472 p = 0.02 1472:1479 p = 0.02 1472:1479 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 69 theme lower 1271:1275 arg1 resistance 1285:1294 lower insulin resistance 1271:1294 lower insulin resistance 1271:1294 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 69 theme lower 1271:1275 arg1 sensibility 1110:1120 insulin sensibility 1102:1120 insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)) 1102:1213 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 70 dep RESULTS 1044:1050 arg1 group 1077:1081 The higher FNDC5/ irisin group 1052:1081 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group 1044:1081 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 1 71 theme smaller 195:201 arg1 levels 265:270 higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels 185:270 higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels 185:270 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 3 72 theme physical 1012:1019 arg1 levels 683:688 The levels 679:688 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility 679:892 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 72 theme physical 1012:1019 arg1 fitness 1021:1027 physical fitness 1012:1027 physical fitness 1012:1027 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 1 73 from risk 411:414 arg1 men 437:439 obese middle-aged men 419:439 obese middle-aged men 419:439 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 4 74 dep presented 1083:1091 arg1 improved 1093:1100 improved 1093:1100 presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02) 1083:1572 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 1 75 theme type 215:218 arg1 levels 265:270 higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels 185:270 higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels 185:270 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 5 76 dep weight 1626:1631 arg1 = 1645:1645 = 1645:1645 = 1645:1645 Inverse correlations between FNDC5/irisin and body weight (r -0.46, p = 0.04), neck circumference (r -0.51, p = 0.02), free fat mass (r -0.49, p = 0.02), triglycerides (r -0.43, p = 0.05) and risk of developing T2DM (r -0.61, p = 0.04) were observed. 29412381 3 77 theme hemoglobin 847:856 arg1 expenditure 966:976 rest energy expenditure 954:976 rest energy expenditure 954:976 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 77 theme hemoglobin 847:856 arg1 fitness 1021:1027 physical fitness 1012:1027 physical fitness 1012:1027 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 77 theme hemoglobin 847:856 arg1 profile 901:907 lipid profile 895:907 lipid profile 895:907 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 77 theme hemoglobin 847:856 arg1 levels 683:688 The levels 679:688 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility 679:892 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 77 theme hemoglobin 847:856 arg1 composition 941:951 body composition 936:951 body composition 936:951 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 77 theme hemoglobin 847:856 arg1 intake 1001:1006 caloric/macronutrient intake 979:1006 caloric/macronutrient intake 979:1006 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 77 theme hemoglobin 847:856 arg1 risk 910:913 risk 910:913 risk of T2DM development 910:933 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 4 78 theme T2DM 1454:1457 arg1 development 1459:1469 T2DM development 1454:1469 T2DM development (p = 0.02) 1454:1480 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 78 theme T2DM 1454:1457 arg1 p 1472:1472 p = 0.02 1472:1479 p = 0.02 1472:1479 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 6 79 theme potential 2011:2019 arg1 inducer 2021:2027 a potential inducer 2009:2027 a potential inducer of insulin resistance 2009:2049 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. 29412381 6 79 theme potential 2011:2019 arg1 profile 1951:1957 a better metabolic profile 1932:1957 a better metabolic profile 1932:1957 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. 29412381 1 80 theme domain-containing 222:238 arg1 levels 265:270 higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels 185:270 higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels 185:270 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 2 81 theme FNDC5/irisin 665:676 arg1 levels 655:660 higher and smaller levels 636:660 higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin 636:676 SUBJECTS AND METHODS On the basis of a cluster study, middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2) were divided into groups of higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 6 82 from levels 1885:1890 arg1 men 1913:1915 obese middle-aged men 1895:1915 obese middle-aged men 1895:1915 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. 29412381 0 83 contain have 38:41 arg2 levels 96:101 lower lipopolysaccharide levels 71:101 lower lipopolysaccharide levels 71:101 Obese with higher FNDC5/Irisin levels have a better metabolic profile, lower lipopolysaccharide levels and type 2 diabetes risk. 29412381 0 83 contain have 38:41 arg1 Obese 0:4 Obese 0:4 Obese 0:4 Obese with higher FNDC5/Irisin levels have a better metabolic profile, lower lipopolysaccharide levels and type 2 diabetes risk. 29412381 0 83 contain have 38:41 arg2 profile 62:68 a better metabolic profile 43:68 a better metabolic profile 43:68 Obese with higher FNDC5/Irisin levels have a better metabolic profile, lower lipopolysaccharide levels and type 2 diabetes risk. 29412381 0 83 contain have 38:41 arg2 diabetes 114:121 type 2 diabetes 107:121 type 2 diabetes 107:121 Obese with higher FNDC5/Irisin levels have a better metabolic profile, lower lipopolysaccharide levels and type 2 diabetes risk. 29412381 2 84 theme middle-aged 560:570 arg1 IMC 583:585 IMC 583:585 IMC 583:585 SUBJECTS AND METHODS On the basis of a cluster study, middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2) were divided into groups of higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 2 84 theme middle-aged 560:570 arg1 men 578:580 middle-aged obese men 560:580 middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2) 560:606 SUBJECTS AND METHODS On the basis of a cluster study, middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2) were divided into groups of higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 2 84 theme middle-aged 560:570 arg1 SUBJECTS 506:513 SUBJECTS 506:513 SUBJECTS 506:513 SUBJECTS AND METHODS On the basis of a cluster study, middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2) were divided into groups of higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 2 85 theme levels 655:660 arg1 levels 655:660 higher and smaller levels 636:660 higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin 636:676 SUBJECTS AND METHODS On the basis of a cluster study, middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2) were divided into groups of higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 2 85 theme levels 655:660 arg1 groups 626:631 groups 626:631 groups of higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin 626:676 SUBJECTS AND METHODS On the basis of a cluster study, middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2) were divided into groups of higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 6 86 theme serum 1998:2002 arg1 LPS 2004:2006 serum LPS 1998:2006 serum LPS 1998:2006 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. 29412381 1 87 theme obese 419:423 arg1 men 437:439 obese middle-aged men 419:439 obese middle-aged men 419:439 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 4 88 theme insulin 1328:1334 arg1 resistance 1336:1345 insulin resistance 1328:1345 insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01) 1328:1366 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 88 theme insulin 1328:1334 arg1 HOMA-IR 1348:1354 HOMA-IR 1348:1354 HOMA-IR 1348:1354 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 88 theme insulin 1328:1334 arg1 p 1358:1358 p = 0.01 1358:1365 p = 0.01 1358:1365 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 5 89 dep triglycerides 1729:1741 arg1 = 1755:1755 = 1755:1755 = 1755:1755 Inverse correlations between FNDC5/irisin and body weight (r -0.46, p = 0.04), neck circumference (r -0.51, p = 0.02), free fat mass (r -0.49, p = 0.02), triglycerides (r -0.43, p = 0.05) and risk of developing T2DM (r -0.61, p = 0.04) were observed. 29412381 2 90 theme study 553:557 arg1 basis 534:538 the basis 530:538 the basis of a cluster study 530:557 SUBJECTS AND METHODS On the basis of a cluster study, middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2) were divided into groups of higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 3 91 theme insulin 859:865 arg1 resistance 867:876 insulin resistance 859:876 insulin resistance 859:876 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 4 92 theme p 1204:1204 arg1 < 1206:1206 p < 0.01 1204:1211 p < 0.01 1204:1211 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 92 theme p 1204:1204 arg1 sensibility 1154:1164 sensibility 1154:1164 sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) 1154:1184 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 5 93 theme fat 1699:1701 arg1 mass 1703:1706 free fat mass 1694:1706 free fat mass (r -0.49, p = 0.02) 1694:1726 Inverse correlations between FNDC5/irisin and body weight (r -0.46, p = 0.04), neck circumference (r -0.51, p = 0.02), free fat mass (r -0.49, p = 0.02), triglycerides (r -0.43, p = 0.05) and risk of developing T2DM (r -0.61, p = 0.04) were observed. 29412381 1 94 theme physical 358:365 arg1 fitness 367:373 physical fitness 358:373 physical fitness 358:373 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 1 94 theme physical 358:365 arg1 markers 319:325 inflammatory and metabolic markers 292:325 inflammatory and metabolic markers 292:325 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 5 95 dep = 1720:1720 arg1 r 1709:1709 r -0.49 1709:1715 r -0.49 1709:1715 Inverse correlations between FNDC5/irisin and body weight (r -0.46, p = 0.04), neck circumference (r -0.51, p = 0.02), free fat mass (r -0.49, p = 0.02), triglycerides (r -0.43, p = 0.05) and risk of developing T2DM (r -0.61, p = 0.04) were observed. 29412381 5 96 theme FNDC5/irisin 1604:1615 arg1 weight 1626:1631 FNDC5/irisin and body weight 1604:1631 weight 1626:1631 Inverse correlations between FNDC5/irisin and body weight (r -0.46, p = 0.04), neck circumference (r -0.51, p = 0.02), free fat mass (r -0.49, p = 0.02), triglycerides (r -0.43, p = 0.05) and risk of developing T2DM (r -0.61, p = 0.04) were observed. 29412381 6 97 theme lower 1963:1967 arg1 risk 1969:1972 lower risk 1963:1972 lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS 1963:2006 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. 29412381 4 98 dep significant 1534:1544 arg1 lower 1546:1550 lower 1546:1550 lower 1546:1550 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 3 99 dep IL6 782:784 arg1 IL10 787:790 IL10 787:790 IL10 787:790 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 1 100 theme mellitus 395:402 arg1 risk 411:414 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk 379:414 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men 379:439 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 1 100 theme mellitus 395:402 arg1 markers 319:325 inflammatory and metabolic markers 292:325 inflammatory and metabolic markers 292:325 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 5 101 dep mass 1703:1706 arg1 = 1720:1720 = 1720:1720 = 1720:1720 Inverse correlations between FNDC5/irisin and body weight (r -0.46, p = 0.04), neck circumference (r -0.51, p = 0.02), free fat mass (r -0.49, p = 0.02), triglycerides (r -0.43, p = 0.05) and risk of developing T2DM (r -0.61, p = 0.04) were observed. 29412381 4 102 dep sensibility 1110:1120 arg1 HOMA-IR 1348:1354 HOMA-IR 1348:1354 HOMA-IR 1348:1354 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 102 dep sensibility 1110:1120 arg1 assessment 1315:1324 homeostasis model assessment 1297:1324 homeostasis model assessment 1297:1324 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 102 dep sensibility 1110:1120 arg1 < 1206:1206 p < 0.01 1204:1211 p < 0.01 1204:1211 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 102 dep sensibility 1110:1120 arg1 HOMA-S 1167:1172 HOMA-S 1167:1172 HOMA-S 1167:1172 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 102 dep sensibility 1110:1120 arg1 p 1358:1358 p = 0.01 1358:1365 p = 0.01 1358:1365 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 102 dep sensibility 1110:1120 arg1 resistance 1336:1345 insulin resistance 1328:1345 insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01) 1328:1366 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 102 dep sensibility 1110:1120 arg1 assessment 1141:1150 homeostasis model assessment 1123:1150 homeostasis model assessment 1123:1150 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 102 dep sensibility 1110:1120 arg1 p 1176:1176 p = 0.01 1176:1183 p = 0.01 1176:1183 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 102 dep sensibility 1110:1120 arg1 sensibility 1154:1164 sensibility 1154:1164 sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) 1154:1184 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 6 103 theme resistance 2040:2049 arg1 inducer 2021:2027 a potential inducer 2009:2027 a potential inducer of insulin resistance 2009:2049 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. 29412381 6 103 theme resistance 2040:2049 arg1 profile 1951:1957 a better metabolic profile 1932:1957 a better metabolic profile 1932:1957 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. 29412381 0 104 theme lower 71:75 arg1 levels 96:101 lower lipopolysaccharide levels 71:101 lower lipopolysaccharide levels 71:101 Obese with higher FNDC5/Irisin levels have a better metabolic profile, lower lipopolysaccharide levels and type 2 diabetes risk. 29412381 1 105 theme inflammatory 292:303 arg1 fitness 367:373 physical fitness 358:373 physical fitness 358:373 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 1 105 theme inflammatory 292:303 arg1 risk 411:414 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk 379:414 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men 379:439 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 1 105 theme inflammatory 292:303 arg1 markers 319:325 inflammatory and metabolic markers 292:325 inflammatory and metabolic markers 292:325 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 1 105 theme inflammatory 292:303 arg1 intake 350:355 caloric/macronutrient intake 328:355 caloric/macronutrient intake 328:355 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 3 106 theme necrosis 730:737 arg1 resistin 701:708 resistin 701:708 resistin 701:708 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 106 theme necrosis 730:737 arg1 TNFα 753:756 TNFα 753:756 TNFα 753:756 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 106 theme necrosis 730:737 arg1 alpha 746:750 tumor necrosis factor alpha 724:750 tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) 724:757 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 1 107 from fitness 367:373 arg1 men 437:439 obese middle-aged men 419:439 obese middle-aged men 419:439 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 1 108 theme metabolic 309:317 arg1 fitness 367:373 physical fitness 358:373 physical fitness 358:373 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 1 108 theme metabolic 309:317 arg1 risk 411:414 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk 379:414 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men 379:439 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 1 108 theme metabolic 309:317 arg1 markers 319:325 inflammatory and metabolic markers 292:325 inflammatory and metabolic markers 292:325 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 1 108 theme metabolic 309:317 arg1 intake 350:355 caloric/macronutrient intake 328:355 caloric/macronutrient intake 328:355 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 2 109 dep IMC 583:585 arg1 kg/m2 601:605 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2 588:605 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2 588:605 SUBJECTS AND METHODS On the basis of a cluster study, middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2) were divided into groups of higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 0 110 theme type 107:110 arg1 diabetes 114:121 type 2 diabetes 107:121 type 2 diabetes 107:121 Obese with higher FNDC5/Irisin levels have a better metabolic profile, lower lipopolysaccharide levels and type 2 diabetes risk. 29412381 3 111 theme T2DM 918:921 arg1 development 923:933 T2DM development 918:933 T2DM development 918:933 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 5 112 dep = 1685:1685 arg1 r 1674:1674 r -0.51 1674:1680 r -0.51 1674:1680 Inverse correlations between FNDC5/irisin and body weight (r -0.46, p = 0.04), neck circumference (r -0.51, p = 0.02), free fat mass (r -0.49, p = 0.02), triglycerides (r -0.43, p = 0.05) and risk of developing T2DM (r -0.61, p = 0.04) were observed. 29412381 5 113 dep = 1803:1803 arg1 r 1792:1792 r -0.61 1792:1798 r -0.61 1792:1798 Inverse correlations between FNDC5/irisin and body weight (r -0.46, p = 0.04), neck circumference (r -0.51, p = 0.02), free fat mass (r -0.49, p = 0.02), triglycerides (r -0.43, p = 0.05) and risk of developing T2DM (r -0.61, p = 0.04) were observed. 29412381 2 114 theme ± 594:594 arg1 kg/m2 601:605 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2 588:605 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2 588:605 SUBJECTS AND METHODS On the basis of a cluster study, middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2) were divided into groups of higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 0 115 theme FNDC5/Irisin 18:29 arg1 levels 31:36 higher FNDC5/Irisin levels 11:36 higher FNDC5/Irisin levels 11:36 Obese with higher FNDC5/Irisin levels have a better metabolic profile, lower lipopolysaccharide levels and type 2 diabetes risk. 29412381 6 116 dep CONCLUSIONS 1826:1836 arg1 suggest 1852:1858 suggest 1852:1858 suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance 1852:2049 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. 29412381 0 117 dep profile 62:68 arg1 risk 123:126 risk 123:126 risk 123:126 Obese with higher FNDC5/Irisin levels have a better metabolic profile, lower lipopolysaccharide levels and type 2 diabetes risk. 29412381 5 118 dep T2DM 1786:1789 arg1 = 1803:1803 = 1803:1803 = 1803:1803 Inverse correlations between FNDC5/irisin and body weight (r -0.46, p = 0.04), neck circumference (r -0.51, p = 0.02), free fat mass (r -0.49, p = 0.02), triglycerides (r -0.43, p = 0.05) and risk of developing T2DM (r -0.61, p = 0.04) were observed. 29412381 5 119 dep circumference 1659:1671 arg1 = 1685:1685 = 1685:1685 = 1685:1685 Inverse correlations between FNDC5/irisin and body weight (r -0.46, p = 0.04), neck circumference (r -0.51, p = 0.02), free fat mass (r -0.49, p = 0.02), triglycerides (r -0.43, p = 0.05) and risk of developing T2DM (r -0.61, p = 0.04) were observed. 29412381 6 120 theme T2DM 1977:1980 arg1 development 1982:1992 T2DM development 1977:1992 T2DM development 1977:1992 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. 29412381 6 121 theme insulin 2032:2038 arg1 resistance 2040:2049 insulin resistance 2032:2049 insulin resistance 2032:2049 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. 29412381 3 122 theme rest 954:957 arg1 levels 683:688 The levels 679:688 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility 679:892 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 122 theme rest 954:957 arg1 expenditure 966:976 rest energy expenditure 954:976 rest energy expenditure 954:976 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 6 123 theme FNDC5/irisin 1872:1883 arg1 levels 1885:1890 higher FNDC5/irisin levels 1865:1890 higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men 1865:1915 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. 29412381 6 124 theme metabolic 1941:1949 arg1 inducer 2021:2027 a potential inducer 2009:2027 a potential inducer of insulin resistance 2009:2049 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. 29412381 6 124 theme metabolic 1941:1949 arg1 profile 1951:1957 a better metabolic profile 1932:1957 a better metabolic profile 1932:1957 CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance. 29412381 4 125 theme homeostasis 1123:1133 arg1 assessment 1141:1150 homeostasis model assessment 1123:1150 homeostasis model assessment 1123:1150 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 126 theme model 1309:1313 arg1 assessment 1315:1324 homeostasis model assessment 1297:1324 homeostasis model assessment 1297:1324 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 3 127 theme insulin 829:835 arg1 expenditure 966:976 rest energy expenditure 954:976 rest energy expenditure 954:976 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 127 theme insulin 829:835 arg1 fitness 1021:1027 physical fitness 1012:1027 physical fitness 1012:1027 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 127 theme insulin 829:835 arg1 profile 901:907 lipid profile 895:907 lipid profile 895:907 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 127 theme insulin 829:835 arg1 levels 683:688 The levels 679:688 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility 679:892 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 127 theme insulin 829:835 arg1 composition 941:951 body composition 936:951 body composition 936:951 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 127 theme insulin 829:835 arg1 intake 1001:1006 caloric/macronutrient intake 979:1006 caloric/macronutrient intake 979:1006 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 3 127 theme insulin 829:835 arg1 risk 910:913 risk 910:913 risk of T2DM development 910:933 The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. 29412381 2 128 from SUBJECTS 506:513 arg1 basis 534:538 the basis 530:538 the basis of a cluster study 530:557 SUBJECTS AND METHODS On the basis of a cluster study, middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2) were divided into groups of higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin. 29412381 4 129 theme = 1178:1178 arg1 p 1176:1176 p = 0.01 1176:1183 p = 0.01 1176:1183 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 4 129 theme = 1178:1178 arg1 sensibility 1154:1164 sensibility 1154:1164 sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) 1154:1184 RESULTS The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). 29412381 1 130 theme fibronectin 203:213 arg1 levels 265:270 higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels 185:270 higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels 185:270 OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. 29263384 1 0 theme stem 163:166 arg1 cell 168:171 induced pluripotent stem cell 143:171 induced pluripotent stem cell 143:171 The power of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based studies to resolve the smaller effects of common variants within the size of cohorts that can be realistically assembled remains uncertain. 29263384 5 1 theme clones 1066:1071 arg1 number 1040:1045 the number 1036:1045 the number of replicate hiPSC clones 1036:1071 For studies of complex genetic disorders, to maximize the power of hiPSC cohorts currently feasible, in most cases and whenever possible, we recommend expanding the number of individuals even at the expense of the number of replicate hiPSC clones. 29263384 1 2 theme variants 236:243 arg1 effects 218:224 the smaller effects 206:224 the smaller effects of common variants 206:243 The power of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based studies to resolve the smaller effects of common variants within the size of cohorts that can be realistically assembled remains uncertain. 29263384 2 3 theme hiPSC-derived 461:473 arg1 cohort 475:480 a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort 421:480 a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons 421:519 We identified and accounted for a variety of technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons. 29263384 0 4 from signatures 16:25 arg1 neurons 70:76 neurons 70:76 neurons 70:76 Transcriptional signatures of schizophrenia in hiPSC-derived NPCs and neurons are concordant with post-mortem adult brains. 29263384 0 4 from signatures 16:25 arg1 NPCs 61:64 hiPSC-derived NPCs 47:64 hiPSC-derived NPCs 47:64 Transcriptional signatures of schizophrenia in hiPSC-derived NPCs and neurons are concordant with post-mortem adult brains. 29263384 5 5 theme hiPSC 893:897 arg1 cohorts 899:905 hiPSC cohorts 893:905 hiPSC cohorts currently feasible, in most cases and whenever possible 893:961 For studies of complex genetic disorders, to maximize the power of hiPSC cohorts currently feasible, in most cases and whenever possible, we recommend expanding the number of individuals even at the expense of the number of replicate hiPSC clones. 29263384 5 6 theme number 1040:1045 arg1 expense 1025:1031 the expense 1021:1031 the expense of the number of replicate hiPSC clones 1021:1071 For studies of complex genetic disorders, to maximize the power of hiPSC cohorts currently feasible, in most cases and whenever possible, we recommend expanding the number of individuals even at the expense of the number of replicate hiPSC clones. 29263384 0 7 theme adult 110:114 arg1 brains 116:121 post-mortem adult brains 98:121 post-mortem adult brains 98:121 Transcriptional signatures of schizophrenia in hiPSC-derived NPCs and neurons are concordant with post-mortem adult brains. 29263384 3 8 theme data 694:697 arg1 sets 699:702 post-mortem data sets 682:702 post-mortem data sets 682:702 Reducing the stochastic effects of the differentiation process by correcting for cell type composition boosted the SZ signal and increased the concordance with post-mortem data sets. 29263384 0 9 with concordant 82:91 arg1 brains 116:121 post-mortem adult brains 98:121 post-mortem adult brains 98:121 Transcriptional signatures of schizophrenia in hiPSC-derived NPCs and neurons are concordant with post-mortem adult brains. 29263384 0 10 theme post-mortem 98:108 arg1 brains 116:121 post-mortem adult brains 98:121 post-mortem adult brains 98:121 Transcriptional signatures of schizophrenia in hiPSC-derived NPCs and neurons are concordant with post-mortem adult brains. 29263384 3 11 theme post-mortem 682:692 arg1 sets 699:702 post-mortem data sets 682:702 post-mortem data sets 682:702 Reducing the stochastic effects of the differentiation process by correcting for cell type composition boosted the SZ signal and increased the concordance with post-mortem data sets. 29263384 4 12 theme post-mortem 756:766 arg1 studies 768:774 post-mortem studies 756:774 post-mortem studies 756:774 We predict a growing convergence between hiPSC and post-mortem studies as both approaches expand to larger cohort sizes. 29263384 3 13 theme stochastic 535:544 arg1 effects 546:552 the stochastic effects 531:552 the stochastic effects of the differentiation process 531:583 Reducing the stochastic effects of the differentiation process by correcting for cell type composition boosted the SZ signal and increased the concordance with post-mortem data sets. 29263384 2 14 theme cells 503:507 arg1 cohort 475:480 a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort 421:480 a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons 421:519 We identified and accounted for a variety of technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons. 29263384 5 15 theme hiPSC 1060:1064 arg1 clones 1066:1071 replicate hiPSC clones 1050:1071 replicate hiPSC clones 1050:1071 For studies of complex genetic disorders, to maximize the power of hiPSC cohorts currently feasible, in most cases and whenever possible, we recommend expanding the number of individuals even at the expense of the number of replicate hiPSC clones. 29263384 2 16 theme progenitor 492:501 arg1 cells 503:507 neural progenitor cells 485:507 neural progenitor cells 485:507 We identified and accounted for a variety of technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons. 29263384 4 17 theme larger 805:810 arg1 sizes 819:823 larger cohort sizes 805:823 larger cohort sizes 805:823 We predict a growing convergence between hiPSC and post-mortem studies as both approaches expand to larger cohort sizes. 29263384 5 18 from feasible 917:924 arg1 cases 935:939 most cases 930:939 most cases 930:939 For studies of complex genetic disorders, to maximize the power of hiPSC cohorts currently feasible, in most cases and whenever possible, we recommend expanding the number of individuals even at the expense of the number of replicate hiPSC clones. 29263384 1 19 dep power 128:132 arg1 resolve 198:204 resolve 198:204 to resolve the smaller effects of common variants within the size of cohorts that can be realistically assembled 195:306 The power of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based studies to resolve the smaller effects of common variants within the size of cohorts that can be realistically assembled remains uncertain. 29263384 3 20 with concordance 665:675 arg1 sets 699:702 post-mortem data sets 682:702 post-mortem data sets 682:702 Reducing the stochastic effects of the differentiation process by correcting for cell type composition boosted the SZ signal and increased the concordance with post-mortem data sets. 29263384 2 21 theme technical 372:380 arg1 sources 397:403 technical and biological sources 372:403 technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons 372:519 We identified and accounted for a variety of technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons. 29263384 2 22 theme case/control 429:440 arg1 SZ 457:458 SZ 457:458 SZ 457:458 We identified and accounted for a variety of technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons. 29263384 2 22 theme case/control 429:440 arg1 schizophrenia 442:454 large case/control schizophrenia 423:454 a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons 421:519 We identified and accounted for a variety of technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons. 29263384 0 23 theme Transcriptional 0:14 arg1 signatures 16:25 Transcriptional signatures 0:25 Transcriptional signatures of schizophrenia in hiPSC-derived NPCs and neurons 0:76 Transcriptional signatures of schizophrenia in hiPSC-derived NPCs and neurons are concordant with post-mortem adult brains. 29263384 0 24 link hiPSC-derived 47:59 arg1 NPCs 61:64 hiPSC-derived NPCs 47:64 hiPSC-derived NPCs 47:64 Transcriptional signatures of schizophrenia in hiPSC-derived NPCs and neurons are concordant with post-mortem adult brains. 29263384 3 25 theme differentiation 561:575 arg1 process 577:583 the differentiation process 557:583 the differentiation process 557:583 Reducing the stochastic effects of the differentiation process by correcting for cell type composition boosted the SZ signal and increased the concordance with post-mortem data sets. 29263384 1 26 theme -based 180:185 arg1 studies 187:193 human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based studies 137:193 human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based studies 137:193 The power of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based studies to resolve the smaller effects of common variants within the size of cohorts that can be realistically assembled remains uncertain. 29263384 0 27 theme schizophrenia 30:42 arg1 signatures 16:25 Transcriptional signatures 0:25 Transcriptional signatures of schizophrenia in hiPSC-derived NPCs and neurons 0:76 Transcriptional signatures of schizophrenia in hiPSC-derived NPCs and neurons are concordant with post-mortem adult brains. 29263384 1 28 theme cohorts 264:270 arg1 size 256:259 the size 252:259 the size of cohorts that can be realistically assembled 252:306 The power of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based studies to resolve the smaller effects of common variants within the size of cohorts that can be realistically assembled remains uncertain. 29263384 1 29 theme studies 187:193 arg1 power 128:132 The power 124:132 The power of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based studies to resolve the smaller effects of common variants within the size of cohorts that can be realistically assembled 124:306 The power of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based studies to resolve the smaller effects of common variants within the size of cohorts that can be realistically assembled remains uncertain. 29263384 5 30 theme most 930:933 arg1 cases 935:939 most cases 930:939 most cases 930:939 For studies of complex genetic disorders, to maximize the power of hiPSC cohorts currently feasible, in most cases and whenever possible, we recommend expanding the number of individuals even at the expense of the number of replicate hiPSC clones. 29263384 2 31 theme large 423:427 arg1 SZ 457:458 SZ 457:458 SZ 457:458 We identified and accounted for a variety of technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons. 29263384 2 31 theme large 423:427 arg1 schizophrenia 442:454 large case/control schizophrenia 423:454 a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons 421:519 We identified and accounted for a variety of technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons. 29263384 2 32 from cohort 475:480 arg1 sources 397:403 technical and biological sources 372:403 technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons 372:519 We identified and accounted for a variety of technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons. 29263384 5 33 theme possible 954:961 arg1 cohorts 899:905 hiPSC cohorts 893:905 hiPSC cohorts currently feasible, in most cases and whenever possible 893:961 For studies of complex genetic disorders, to maximize the power of hiPSC cohorts currently feasible, in most cases and whenever possible, we recommend expanding the number of individuals even at the expense of the number of replicate hiPSC clones. 29263384 0 34 theme hiPSC-derived 47:59 arg1 NPCs 61:64 hiPSC-derived NPCs 47:64 hiPSC-derived NPCs 47:64 Transcriptional signatures of schizophrenia in hiPSC-derived NPCs and neurons are concordant with post-mortem adult brains. 29263384 5 35 theme complex 841:847 arg1 disorders 857:865 complex genetic disorders 841:865 complex genetic disorders 841:865 For studies of complex genetic disorders, to maximize the power of hiPSC cohorts currently feasible, in most cases and whenever possible, we recommend expanding the number of individuals even at the expense of the number of replicate hiPSC clones. 29263384 2 36 theme sources 397:403 arg1 sources 397:403 technical and biological sources 372:403 technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons 372:519 We identified and accounted for a variety of technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons. 29263384 2 36 theme sources 397:403 arg1 variety 361:367 a variety 359:367 a variety of technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons 359:519 We identified and accounted for a variety of technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons. 29263384 5 37 theme disorders 857:865 arg1 studies 830:836 studies 830:836 studies of complex genetic disorders 830:865 For studies of complex genetic disorders, to maximize the power of hiPSC cohorts currently feasible, in most cases and whenever possible, we recommend expanding the number of individuals even at the expense of the number of replicate hiPSC clones. 29263384 1 38 dep -based 180:185 arg1 cell 168:171 induced pluripotent stem cell 143:171 induced pluripotent stem cell 143:171 The power of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based studies to resolve the smaller effects of common variants within the size of cohorts that can be realistically assembled remains uncertain. 29263384 2 39 theme biological 386:395 arg1 sources 397:403 technical and biological sources 372:403 technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons 372:519 We identified and accounted for a variety of technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons. 29263384 2 40 theme neurons 513:519 arg1 cohort 475:480 a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort 421:480 a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons 421:519 We identified and accounted for a variety of technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons. 29263384 3 41 theme SZ 637:638 arg1 signal 640:645 the SZ signal 633:645 the SZ signal 633:645 Reducing the stochastic effects of the differentiation process by correcting for cell type composition boosted the SZ signal and increased the concordance with post-mortem data sets. 29263384 3 42 theme process 577:583 arg1 effects 546:552 the stochastic effects 531:552 the stochastic effects of the differentiation process 531:583 Reducing the stochastic effects of the differentiation process by correcting for cell type composition boosted the SZ signal and increased the concordance with post-mortem data sets. 29263384 2 43 link hiPSC-derived 461:473 arg1 cohort 475:480 a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort 421:480 a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons 421:519 We identified and accounted for a variety of technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons. 29263384 5 44 theme cohorts 899:905 arg1 power 884:888 the power 880:888 the power of hiPSC cohorts currently feasible, in most cases and whenever possible 880:961 For studies of complex genetic disorders, to maximize the power of hiPSC cohorts currently feasible, in most cases and whenever possible, we recommend expanding the number of individuals even at the expense of the number of replicate hiPSC clones. 29263384 2 45 theme schizophrenia 442:454 arg1 cohort 475:480 a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort 421:480 a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons 421:519 We identified and accounted for a variety of technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons. 29263384 5 46 dep clones 1066:1071 arg1 replicate 1050:1058 replicate 1050:1058 replicate 1050:1058 For studies of complex genetic disorders, to maximize the power of hiPSC cohorts currently feasible, in most cases and whenever possible, we recommend expanding the number of individuals even at the expense of the number of replicate hiPSC clones. 29263384 5 47 from cases 935:939 arg1 feasible 917:924 feasible 917:924 feasible 917:924 For studies of complex genetic disorders, to maximize the power of hiPSC cohorts currently feasible, in most cases and whenever possible, we recommend expanding the number of individuals even at the expense of the number of replicate hiPSC clones. 29263384 5 48 theme individuals 1001:1011 arg1 number 991:996 the number 987:996 the number of individuals 987:1011 For studies of complex genetic disorders, to maximize the power of hiPSC cohorts currently feasible, in most cases and whenever possible, we recommend expanding the number of individuals even at the expense of the number of replicate hiPSC clones. 29263384 4 49 theme cohort 812:817 arg1 sizes 819:823 larger cohort sizes 805:823 larger cohort sizes 805:823 We predict a growing convergence between hiPSC and post-mortem studies as both approaches expand to larger cohort sizes. 29263384 4 50 theme growing 718:724 arg1 convergence 726:736 a growing convergence 716:736 a growing convergence between hiPSC and post-mortem studies 716:774 We predict a growing convergence between hiPSC and post-mortem studies as both approaches expand to larger cohort sizes. 29263384 1 51 theme smaller 210:216 arg1 effects 218:224 the smaller effects 206:224 the smaller effects of common variants 206:243 The power of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based studies to resolve the smaller effects of common variants within the size of cohorts that can be realistically assembled remains uncertain. 29263384 2 52 from sources 397:403 arg1 cohort 475:480 a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort 421:480 a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons 421:519 We identified and accounted for a variety of technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons. 29263384 1 53 theme human 137:141 arg1 studies 187:193 human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based studies 137:193 human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based studies 137:193 The power of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based studies to resolve the smaller effects of common variants within the size of cohorts that can be realistically assembled remains uncertain. 29263384 5 54 theme feasible 917:924 arg1 cohorts 899:905 hiPSC cohorts 893:905 hiPSC cohorts currently feasible, in most cases and whenever possible 893:961 For studies of complex genetic disorders, to maximize the power of hiPSC cohorts currently feasible, in most cases and whenever possible, we recommend expanding the number of individuals even at the expense of the number of replicate hiPSC clones. 29263384 2 55 theme neural 485:490 arg1 cells 503:507 neural progenitor cells 485:507 neural progenitor cells 485:507 We identified and accounted for a variety of technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons. 29263384 5 56 theme genetic 849:855 arg1 disorders 857:865 complex genetic disorders 841:865 complex genetic disorders 841:865 For studies of complex genetic disorders, to maximize the power of hiPSC cohorts currently feasible, in most cases and whenever possible, we recommend expanding the number of individuals even at the expense of the number of replicate hiPSC clones. 29263384 3 57 theme cell 603:606 arg1 composition 613:623 cell type composition 603:623 cell type composition 603:623 Reducing the stochastic effects of the differentiation process by correcting for cell type composition boosted the SZ signal and increased the concordance with post-mortem data sets. 29263384 2 58 theme variation 408:416 arg1 sources 397:403 technical and biological sources 372:403 technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons 372:519 We identified and accounted for a variety of technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons. 29263384 1 59 theme induced 143:149 arg1 cell 168:171 induced pluripotent stem cell 143:171 induced pluripotent stem cell 143:171 The power of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based studies to resolve the smaller effects of common variants within the size of cohorts that can be realistically assembled remains uncertain. 29263384 3 60 theme type 608:611 arg1 composition 613:623 cell type composition 603:623 cell type composition 603:623 Reducing the stochastic effects of the differentiation process by correcting for cell type composition boosted the SZ signal and increased the concordance with post-mortem data sets. 29263384 2 61 from variation 408:416 arg1 cohort 475:480 a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort 421:480 a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons 421:519 We identified and accounted for a variety of technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons. 29263384 1 62 theme pluripotent 151:161 arg1 cell 168:171 induced pluripotent stem cell 143:171 induced pluripotent stem cell 143:171 The power of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based studies to resolve the smaller effects of common variants within the size of cohorts that can be realistically assembled remains uncertain. 29263384 1 63 theme common 229:234 arg1 variants 236:243 common variants 229:243 common variants 229:243 The power of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based studies to resolve the smaller effects of common variants within the size of cohorts that can be realistically assembled remains uncertain. 27016834 6 0 theme noncloned 890:898 arg1 counterparts 900:911 9 noncloned counterparts 888:911 9 noncloned counterparts 888:911 The cloned cows and 9 noncloned counterparts were raised under similar conditions. 27016834 9 1 theme milk 1352:1355 arg1 protein 1357:1363 milk protein 1352:1363 milk protein 1352:1363 The results showed that milk production did not differ significantly between cloned and noncloned cows, but milk protein and fat contents were less variable in cloned cows. 27016834 8 2 theme mammary 1118:1124 arg1 content 1142:1148 their mammary epithelial cell content 1112:1148 their mammary epithelial cell content 1112:1148 At 67d in milk, biopsies were sampled from the rear quarter of the udder, their mammary epithelial cell content was evaluated, and mammary cell renewal, RNA, and DNA were then analyzed in relevant samples. 27016834 15 3 located observed 2013:2020 arg2 rate 2008:2011 The mammary cell apoptotic rate 1981:2011 The mammary cell apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows 1981:2035 The mammary cell apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows may have been related to the higher levels of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts, coding for products that maintain the epigenetic status of cells. 27016834 15 3 located observed 2013:2020 arg2 related 2051:2057 related 2051:2057 related 2051:2057 The mammary cell apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows may have been related to the higher levels of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts, coding for products that maintain the epigenetic status of cells. 27016834 15 3 located observed 2013:2020 arg1 cows 2032:2035 cloned cows 2025:2035 cloned cows 2025:2035 The mammary cell apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows may have been related to the higher levels of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts, coding for products that maintain the epigenetic status of cells. 27016834 10 4 theme early 1491:1495 arg1 lactation 1497:1505 early lactation 1491:1505 early lactation 1491:1505 Furthermore, milk fat yield and contents were lower in cloned cows during early lactation. 27016834 13 5 theme activator 1824:1832 arg1 PAI 1845:1847 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) 1812:1848 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) 1812:1848 Apoptosis is triggered by insulin-like factor growth binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), which both interact with CSN1S2. 27016834 15 6 theme -methyltransferase 2100:2117 arg1 transcripts 2129:2139 DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts 2083:2139 DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts 2083:2139 The mammary cell apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows may have been related to the higher levels of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts, coding for products that maintain the epigenetic status of cells. 27016834 8 7 theme cell 1137:1140 arg1 content 1142:1148 their mammary epithelial cell content 1112:1148 their mammary epithelial cell content 1112:1148 At 67d in milk, biopsies were sampled from the rear quarter of the udder, their mammary epithelial cell content was evaluated, and mammary cell renewal, RNA, and DNA were then analyzed in relevant samples. 27016834 6 8 theme cloned 872:877 arg1 cows 879:882 The cloned cows 868:882 The cloned cows 868:882 The cloned cows and 9 noncloned counterparts were raised under similar conditions. 27016834 12 9 attach linked 1667:1672 arg1 rate 1698:1701 the higher apoptotic rate 1677:1701 the higher apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows 1677:1725 These lower yields could be linked to the higher apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows. 27016834 12 9 attach linked 1667:1672 arg2 yields 1651:1656 These lower yields 1639:1656 These lower yields 1639:1656 These lower yields could be linked to the higher apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows. 27016834 15 10 theme cell 1993:1996 arg1 related 2051:2057 related 2051:2057 related 2051:2057 The mammary cell apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows may have been related to the higher levels of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts, coding for products that maintain the epigenetic status of cells. 27016834 15 10 theme cell 1993:1996 arg1 rate 2008:2011 The mammary cell apoptotic rate 1981:2011 The mammary cell apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows 1981:2035 The mammary cell apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows may have been related to the higher levels of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts, coding for products that maintain the epigenetic status of cells. 27016834 15 11 theme epigenetic 2180:2189 arg1 status 2191:2196 the epigenetic status 2176:2196 the epigenetic status of cells 2176:2205 The mammary cell apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows may have been related to the higher levels of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts, coding for products that maintain the epigenetic status of cells. 27016834 2 12 theme given 306:310 arg1 breed 312:316 a given breed 304:316 a given breed 304:316 However, individual variations can still be observed within a given breed under similar environmental conditions. 27016834 8 13 theme mammary 1169:1175 arg1 renewal 1182:1188 mammary cell renewal 1169:1188 mammary cell renewal 1169:1188 At 67d in milk, biopsies were sampled from the rear quarter of the udder, their mammary epithelial cell content was evaluated, and mammary cell renewal, RNA, and DNA were then analyzed in relevant samples. 27016834 5 14 theme single 797:802 arg1 line 820:823 a single fibroblast cell line 795:823 a single fibroblast cell line 795:823 Nine cloned Prim' Holstein cows were produced by the transfer of nuclei from a single fibroblast cell line after cell fusion with enucleated oocytes. 27016834 1 15 theme lactating 228:236 arg1 cows 238:241 lactating cows 228:241 lactating cows 228:241 Lactation performance is dependent on both the genetic characteristics and the environmental conditions surrounding lactating cows. 27016834 17 16 theme higher 2358:2363 arg1 incidence 2365:2373 a higher incidence 2356:2373 a higher incidence of subclinical mastitis 2356:2397 These differences may be due, in part, to a higher incidence of subclinical mastitis. 27016834 8 17 theme relevant 1226:1233 arg1 samples 1235:1241 relevant samples 1226:1241 relevant samples 1226:1241 At 67d in milk, biopsies were sampled from the rear quarter of the udder, their mammary epithelial cell content was evaluated, and mammary cell renewal, RNA, and DNA were then analyzed in relevant samples. 27016834 14 18 theme cloned 1968:1973 arg1 cows 1975:1978 cloned cows 1968:1978 cloned cows 1968:1978 During our experiments, CSN1S2 transcript levels were lower in the mammary gland of cloned cows. 27016834 10 19 theme milk 1430:1433 arg1 yield 1439:1443 milk fat yield 1430:1443 milk fat yield 1430:1443 Furthermore, milk fat yield and contents were lower in cloned cows during early lactation. 27016834 1 20 theme Lactation 112:120 arg1 performance 122:132 Lactation performance 112:132 Lactation performance 112:132 Lactation performance is dependent on both the genetic characteristics and the environmental conditions surrounding lactating cows. 27016834 13 21 theme plasminogen 1812:1822 arg1 PAI 1845:1847 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) 1812:1848 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) 1812:1848 Apoptosis is triggered by insulin-like factor growth binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), which both interact with CSN1S2. 27016834 13 22 theme growth 1774:1779 arg1 IGFBP5 1800:1805 IGFBP5 1800:1805 IGFBP5 1800:1805 Apoptosis is triggered by insulin-like factor growth binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), which both interact with CSN1S2. 27016834 13 22 theme growth 1774:1779 arg1 protein 1789:1795 insulin-like factor growth binding protein 5 1754:1797 insulin-like factor growth binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) 1754:1806 Apoptosis is triggered by insulin-like factor growth binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), which both interact with CSN1S2. 27016834 17 23 theme mastitis 2390:2397 arg1 incidence 2365:2373 a higher incidence 2356:2373 a higher incidence of subclinical mastitis 2356:2397 These differences may be due, in part, to a higher incidence of subclinical mastitis. 27016834 2 24 theme individual 253:262 arg1 variations 264:273 individual variations 253:273 individual variations 253:273 However, individual variations can still be observed within a given breed under similar environmental conditions. 27016834 12 25 located observed 1703:1710 arg1 cows 1722:1725 cloned cows 1715:1725 cloned cows 1715:1725 These lower yields could be linked to the higher apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows. 27016834 12 25 located observed 1703:1710 arg2 rate 1698:1701 the higher apoptotic rate 1677:1701 the higher apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows 1677:1725 These lower yields could be linked to the higher apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows. 27016834 0 26 theme cell 70:73 arg1 transfer 83:90 somatic cell nuclear transfer 62:90 somatic cell nuclear transfer 62:90 Differences during the first lactation between cows cloned by somatic cell nuclear transfer and noncloned cows. 27016834 7 27 theme Milk 951:954 arg1 production 956:965 Milk production 951:965 Milk production 951:965 Milk production and composition were recorded monthly from calving until 200d in milk. 27016834 14 28 theme mammary 1951:1957 arg1 gland 1959:1963 the mammary gland 1947:1963 the mammary gland of cloned cows 1947:1978 During our experiments, CSN1S2 transcript levels were lower in the mammary gland of cloned cows. 27016834 13 29 theme insulin-like 1754:1765 arg1 IGFBP5 1800:1805 IGFBP5 1800:1805 IGFBP5 1800:1805 Apoptosis is triggered by insulin-like factor growth binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), which both interact with CSN1S2. 27016834 13 29 theme insulin-like 1754:1765 arg1 protein 1789:1795 insulin-like factor growth binding protein 5 1754:1797 insulin-like factor growth binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) 1754:1806 Apoptosis is triggered by insulin-like factor growth binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), which both interact with CSN1S2. 27016834 11 30 theme cloned 1626:1631 arg1 cows 1633:1636 cloned cows 1626:1636 cloned cows 1626:1636 At around 67 DIM, milk fat and protein yields, as well as milk fat, protein, and lactose contents, were also lower in cloned cows. 27016834 5 31 theme Prim 730:733 arg1 cows 745:748 Nine cloned Prim' Holstein cows 718:748 Nine cloned Prim' Holstein cows 718:748 Nine cloned Prim' Holstein cows were produced by the transfer of nuclei from a single fibroblast cell line after cell fusion with enucleated oocytes. 27016834 13 32 dep interact 1862:1869 arg1 both 1857:1860 both 1857:1860 both 1857:1860 Apoptosis is triggered by insulin-like factor growth binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), which both interact with CSN1S2. 27016834 5 33 theme Holstein 736:743 arg1 cows 745:748 Nine cloned Prim' Holstein cows 718:748 Nine cloned Prim' Holstein cows 718:748 Nine cloned Prim' Holstein cows were produced by the transfer of nuclei from a single fibroblast cell line after cell fusion with enucleated oocytes. 27016834 18 34 from variations 2470:2479 arg1 mRNA 2490:2493 DNMT1 mRNA 2484:2493 DNMT1 mRNA 2484:2493 They were associated with differences in cell apoptosis and linked to variations in DNMT1 mRNA. 27016834 16 35 theme cloned 2256:2261 arg1 cows 2263:2266 cloned cows 2256:2266 cloned cows 2256:2266 We conclude, therefore, that milk production in cloned cows differs slightly from that of noncloned cows. 27016834 16 36 from production 2242:2251 arg1 cows 2263:2266 cloned cows 2256:2266 cloned cows 2256:2266 We conclude, therefore, that milk production in cloned cows differs slightly from that of noncloned cows. 27016834 9 37 theme milk 1268:1271 arg1 production 1273:1282 milk production 1268:1282 milk production 1268:1282 The results showed that milk production did not differ significantly between cloned and noncloned cows, but milk protein and fat contents were less variable in cloned cows. 27016834 14 38 theme transcript 1915:1924 arg1 levels 1926:1931 CSN1S2 transcript levels 1908:1931 CSN1S2 transcript levels 1908:1931 During our experiments, CSN1S2 transcript levels were lower in the mammary gland of cloned cows. 27016834 5 39 theme fibroblast 804:813 arg1 line 820:823 a single fibroblast cell line 795:823 a single fibroblast cell line 795:823 Nine cloned Prim' Holstein cows were produced by the transfer of nuclei from a single fibroblast cell line after cell fusion with enucleated oocytes. 27016834 12 40 theme cloned 1715:1720 arg1 cows 1722:1725 cloned cows 1715:1725 cloned cows 1715:1725 These lower yields could be linked to the higher apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows. 27016834 19 41 theme noncloned 2582:2590 arg1 cows 2592:2595 noncloned cows 2582:2595 noncloned cows 2582:2595 However, milk protein and fat contents were more similar among cloned cows than among noncloned cows. 27016834 9 42 theme fat 1369:1371 arg1 contents 1373:1380 milk protein and fat contents 1352:1380 milk protein and fat contents 1352:1380 The results showed that milk production did not differ significantly between cloned and noncloned cows, but milk protein and fat contents were less variable in cloned cows. 27016834 15 43 theme higher 2066:2071 arg1 levels 2073:2078 the higher levels 2062:2078 the higher levels of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts, coding for products that maintain the epigenetic status of cells 2062:2205 The mammary cell apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows may have been related to the higher levels of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts, coding for products that maintain the epigenetic status of cells. 27016834 16 44 theme noncloned 2298:2306 arg1 cows 2308:2311 noncloned cows 2298:2311 noncloned cows 2298:2311 We conclude, therefore, that milk production in cloned cows differs slightly from that of noncloned cows. 27016834 5 45 theme nuclei 783:788 arg1 transfer 771:778 the transfer 767:778 the transfer of nuclei from a single fibroblast cell line after cell fusion with enucleated oocytes 767:865 Nine cloned Prim' Holstein cows were produced by the transfer of nuclei from a single fibroblast cell line after cell fusion with enucleated oocytes. 27016834 12 46 theme apoptotic 1688:1696 arg1 rate 1698:1701 the higher apoptotic rate 1677:1701 the higher apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows 1677:1725 These lower yields could be linked to the higher apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows. 27016834 12 47 theme higher 1681:1686 arg1 rate 1698:1701 the higher apoptotic rate 1677:1701 the higher apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows 1677:1725 These lower yields could be linked to the higher apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows. 27016834 2 48 located observed 288:295 arg1 breed 312:316 a given breed 304:316 a given breed 304:316 However, individual variations can still be observed within a given breed under similar environmental conditions. 27016834 2 48 located observed 288:295 arg2 variations 264:273 individual variations 253:273 individual variations 253:273 However, individual variations can still be observed within a given breed under similar environmental conditions. 27016834 5 49 with fusion 836:841 arg1 oocytes 859:865 enucleated oocytes 848:865 enucleated oocytes 848:865 Nine cloned Prim' Holstein cows were produced by the transfer of nuclei from a single fibroblast cell line after cell fusion with enucleated oocytes. 27016834 15 50 theme transcripts 2129:2139 arg1 levels 2073:2078 the higher levels 2062:2078 the higher levels of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts, coding for products that maintain the epigenetic status of cells 2062:2205 The mammary cell apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows may have been related to the higher levels of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts, coding for products that maintain the epigenetic status of cells. 27016834 8 51 theme rear 1085:1088 arg1 quarter 1090:1096 the rear quarter 1081:1096 the rear quarter of the udder 1081:1109 At 67d in milk, biopsies were sampled from the rear quarter of the udder, their mammary epithelial cell content was evaluated, and mammary cell renewal, RNA, and DNA were then analyzed in relevant samples. 27016834 17 52 from part 2347:2350 arg1 due 2339:2341 due 2339:2341 due 2339:2341 These differences may be due, in part, to a higher incidence of subclinical mastitis. 27016834 10 53 theme cloned 1472:1477 arg1 cows 1479:1482 cloned cows 1472:1482 cloned cows 1472:1482 Furthermore, milk fat yield and contents were lower in cloned cows during early lactation. 27016834 11 54 theme lactose 1589:1595 arg1 contents 1597:1604 lactose contents 1589:1604 lactose contents 1589:1604 At around 67 DIM, milk fat and protein yields, as well as milk fat, protein, and lactose contents, were also lower in cloned cows. 27016834 15 55 theme DNMT1 2122:2126 arg1 transcripts 2129:2139 DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts 2083:2139 DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts 2083:2139 The mammary cell apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows may have been related to the higher levels of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts, coding for products that maintain the epigenetic status of cells. 27016834 16 56 theme milk 2237:2240 arg1 production 2242:2251 milk production 2237:2251 milk production in cloned cows 2237:2266 We conclude, therefore, that milk production in cloned cows differs slightly from that of noncloned cows. 27016834 8 57 theme udder 1105:1109 arg1 quarter 1090:1096 the rear quarter 1081:1096 the rear quarter of the udder 1081:1109 At 67d in milk, biopsies were sampled from the rear quarter of the udder, their mammary epithelial cell content was evaluated, and mammary cell renewal, RNA, and DNA were then analyzed in relevant samples. 27016834 11 58 theme protein 1539:1545 arg1 yields 1547:1552 protein yields 1539:1552 protein yields 1539:1552 At around 67 DIM, milk fat and protein yields, as well as milk fat, protein, and lactose contents, were also lower in cloned cows. 27016834 3 59 from differences 510:520 arg1 performance 535:545 lactation performance 525:545 lactation performance 525:545 The role of the environment between birth and lactation could be better appreciated in cloned cows, which are presumed to be genetically identical, but differences in lactation performance between cloned and noncloned cows first need to be clearly evaluated. 27016834 9 60 theme protein 1357:1363 arg1 contents 1373:1380 milk protein and fat contents 1352:1380 milk protein and fat contents 1352:1380 The results showed that milk production did not differ significantly between cloned and noncloned cows, but milk protein and fat contents were less variable in cloned cows. 27016834 15 61 theme apoptotic 1998:2006 arg1 related 2051:2057 related 2051:2057 related 2051:2057 The mammary cell apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows may have been related to the higher levels of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts, coding for products that maintain the epigenetic status of cells. 27016834 15 61 theme apoptotic 1998:2006 arg1 rate 2008:2011 The mammary cell apoptotic rate 1981:2011 The mammary cell apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows 1981:2035 The mammary cell apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows may have been related to the higher levels of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts, coding for products that maintain the epigenetic status of cells. 27016834 11 62 theme milk 1566:1569 arg1 fat 1571:1573 milk fat 1566:1573 milk fat 1566:1573 At around 67 DIM, milk fat and protein yields, as well as milk fat, protein, and lactose contents, were also lower in cloned cows. 27016834 13 63 theme inhibitor 1834:1842 arg1 PAI 1845:1847 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) 1812:1848 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) 1812:1848 Apoptosis is triggered by insulin-like factor growth binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), which both interact with CSN1S2. 27016834 15 64 theme mammary 1985:1991 arg1 related 2051:2057 related 2051:2057 related 2051:2057 The mammary cell apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows may have been related to the higher levels of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts, coding for products that maintain the epigenetic status of cells. 27016834 15 64 theme mammary 1985:1991 arg1 rate 2008:2011 The mammary cell apoptotic rate 1981:2011 The mammary cell apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows 1981:2035 The mammary cell apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows may have been related to the higher levels of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts, coding for products that maintain the epigenetic status of cells. 27016834 1 65 theme genetic 159:165 arg1 characteristics 167:181 the genetic characteristics 155:181 the genetic characteristics 155:181 Lactation performance is dependent on both the genetic characteristics and the environmental conditions surrounding lactating cows. 27016834 8 66 theme epithelial 1126:1135 arg1 content 1142:1148 their mammary epithelial cell content 1112:1148 their mammary epithelial cell content 1112:1148 At 67d in milk, biopsies were sampled from the rear quarter of the udder, their mammary epithelial cell content was evaluated, and mammary cell renewal, RNA, and DNA were then analyzed in relevant samples. 27016834 2 67 theme similar 324:330 arg1 conditions 346:355 similar environmental conditions 324:355 similar environmental conditions 324:355 However, individual variations can still be observed within a given breed under similar environmental conditions. 27016834 5 68 theme enucleated 848:857 arg1 oocytes 859:865 enucleated oocytes 848:865 enucleated oocytes 848:865 Nine cloned Prim' Holstein cows were produced by the transfer of nuclei from a single fibroblast cell line after cell fusion with enucleated oocytes. 27016834 3 69 theme noncloned 566:574 arg1 cows 576:579 noncloned cows 566:579 noncloned cows 566:579 The role of the environment between birth and lactation could be better appreciated in cloned cows, which are presumed to be genetically identical, but differences in lactation performance between cloned and noncloned cows first need to be clearly evaluated. 27016834 5 70 theme cell 815:818 arg1 line 820:823 a single fibroblast cell line 795:823 a single fibroblast cell line 795:823 Nine cloned Prim' Holstein cows were produced by the transfer of nuclei from a single fibroblast cell line after cell fusion with enucleated oocytes. 27016834 9 71 from variable 1392:1399 arg1 cows 1411:1414 cloned cows 1404:1414 cloned cows 1404:1414 The results showed that milk production did not differ significantly between cloned and noncloned cows, but milk protein and fat contents were less variable in cloned cows. 27016834 19 72 theme milk 2505:2508 arg1 protein 2510:2516 milk protein 2505:2516 milk protein 2505:2516 However, milk protein and fat contents were more similar among cloned cows than among noncloned cows. 27016834 9 73 theme cloned 1404:1409 arg1 cows 1411:1414 cloned cows 1404:1414 cloned cows 1404:1414 The results showed that milk production did not differ significantly between cloned and noncloned cows, but milk protein and fat contents were less variable in cloned cows. 27016834 6 74 theme similar 931:937 arg1 conditions 939:948 similar conditions 931:948 similar conditions 931:948 The cloned cows and 9 noncloned counterparts were raised under similar conditions. 27016834 14 75 theme cows 1975:1978 arg1 gland 1959:1963 the mammary gland 1947:1963 the mammary gland of cloned cows 1947:1978 During our experiments, CSN1S2 transcript levels were lower in the mammary gland of cloned cows. 27016834 19 76 theme cloned 2559:2564 arg1 cows 2566:2569 cloned cows 2559:2569 cloned cows 2559:2569 However, milk protein and fat contents were more similar among cloned cows than among noncloned cows. 27016834 8 77 theme cell 1177:1180 arg1 renewal 1182:1188 mammary cell renewal 1169:1188 mammary cell renewal 1169:1188 At 67d in milk, biopsies were sampled from the rear quarter of the udder, their mammary epithelial cell content was evaluated, and mammary cell renewal, RNA, and DNA were then analyzed in relevant samples. 27016834 8 78 from 67d 1041:1043 arg1 milk 1048:1051 milk 1048:1051 milk 1048:1051 At 67d in milk, biopsies were sampled from the rear quarter of the udder, their mammary epithelial cell content was evaluated, and mammary cell renewal, RNA, and DNA were then analyzed in relevant samples. 27016834 13 79 theme factor 1767:1772 arg1 IGFBP5 1800:1805 IGFBP5 1800:1805 IGFBP5 1800:1805 Apoptosis is triggered by insulin-like factor growth binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), which both interact with CSN1S2. 27016834 13 79 theme factor 1767:1772 arg1 protein 1789:1795 insulin-like factor growth binding protein 5 1754:1797 insulin-like factor growth binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) 1754:1806 Apoptosis is triggered by insulin-like factor growth binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), which both interact with CSN1S2. 27016834 5 80 from line 820:823 arg1 nuclei 783:788 nuclei 783:788 nuclei from a single fibroblast cell line 783:823 Nine cloned Prim' Holstein cows were produced by the transfer of nuclei from a single fibroblast cell line after cell fusion with enucleated oocytes. 27016834 5 80 from line 820:823 arg1 transfer 771:778 the transfer 767:778 the transfer of nuclei from a single fibroblast cell line after cell fusion with enucleated oocytes 767:865 Nine cloned Prim' Holstein cows were produced by the transfer of nuclei from a single fibroblast cell line after cell fusion with enucleated oocytes. 27016834 17 81 theme subclinical 2378:2388 arg1 mastitis 2390:2397 subclinical mastitis 2378:2397 subclinical mastitis 2378:2397 These differences may be due, in part, to a higher incidence of subclinical mastitis. 27016834 13 82 theme binding 1781:1787 arg1 IGFBP5 1800:1805 IGFBP5 1800:1805 IGFBP5 1800:1805 Apoptosis is triggered by insulin-like factor growth binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), which both interact with CSN1S2. 27016834 13 82 theme binding 1781:1787 arg1 protein 1789:1795 insulin-like factor growth binding protein 5 1754:1797 insulin-like factor growth binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) 1754:1806 Apoptosis is triggered by insulin-like factor growth binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), which both interact with CSN1S2. 27016834 0 83 theme somatic 62:68 arg1 transfer 83:90 somatic cell nuclear transfer 62:90 somatic cell nuclear transfer 62:90 Differences during the first lactation between cows cloned by somatic cell nuclear transfer and noncloned cows. 27016834 18 84 theme DNMT1 2484:2488 arg1 mRNA 2490:2493 DNMT1 mRNA 2484:2493 DNMT1 mRNA 2484:2493 They were associated with differences in cell apoptosis and linked to variations in DNMT1 mRNA. 27016834 1 85 theme environmental 191:203 arg1 conditions 205:214 the environmental conditions 187:214 the environmental conditions surrounding lactating cows 187:241 Lactation performance is dependent on both the genetic characteristics and the environmental conditions surrounding lactating cows. 27016834 15 86 theme cloned 2025:2030 arg1 cows 2032:2035 cloned cows 2025:2035 cloned cows 2025:2035 The mammary cell apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows may have been related to the higher levels of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts, coding for products that maintain the epigenetic status of cells. 27016834 7 87 from 200d 1024:1027 arg1 milk 1032:1035 milk 1032:1035 milk 1032:1035 Milk production and composition were recorded monthly from calving until 200d in milk. 27016834 0 88 theme nuclear 75:81 arg1 transfer 83:90 somatic cell nuclear transfer 62:90 somatic cell nuclear transfer 62:90 Differences during the first lactation between cows cloned by somatic cell nuclear transfer and noncloned cows. 27016834 5 89 theme cloned 723:728 arg1 cows 745:748 Nine cloned Prim' Holstein cows 718:748 Nine cloned Prim' Holstein cows 718:748 Nine cloned Prim' Holstein cows were produced by the transfer of nuclei from a single fibroblast cell line after cell fusion with enucleated oocytes. 27016834 5 90 from transfer 771:778 arg1 line 820:823 a single fibroblast cell line 795:823 a single fibroblast cell line 795:823 Nine cloned Prim' Holstein cows were produced by the transfer of nuclei from a single fibroblast cell line after cell fusion with enucleated oocytes. 27016834 3 91 theme environment 374:384 arg1 role 362:365 The role 358:365 The role of the environment between birth and lactation 358:412 The role of the environment between birth and lactation could be better appreciated in cloned cows, which are presumed to be genetically identical, but differences in lactation performance between cloned and noncloned cows first need to be clearly evaluated. 27016834 15 92 theme cells 2201:2205 arg1 status 2191:2196 the epigenetic status 2176:2196 the epigenetic status of cells 2176:2205 The mammary cell apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows may have been related to the higher levels of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts, coding for products that maintain the epigenetic status of cells. 27016834 18 93 attach linked 2460:2465 arg2 They 2400:2403 They 2400:2403 They 2400:2403 They were associated with differences in cell apoptosis and linked to variations in DNMT1 mRNA. 27016834 18 93 attach linked 2460:2465 arg1 variations 2470:2479 variations 2470:2479 variations in DNMT1 mRNA 2470:2493 They were associated with differences in cell apoptosis and linked to variations in DNMT1 mRNA. 27016834 3 94 theme cloned 445:450 arg1 cows 452:455 cloned cows 445:455 cloned cows 445:455 The role of the environment between birth and lactation could be better appreciated in cloned cows, which are presumed to be genetically identical, but differences in lactation performance between cloned and noncloned cows first need to be clearly evaluated. 27016834 0 95 theme first 23:27 arg1 lactation 29:37 the first lactation 19:37 the first lactation 19:37 Differences during the first lactation between cows cloned by somatic cell nuclear transfer and noncloned cows. 27016834 14 96 theme CSN1S2 1908:1913 arg1 levels 1926:1931 CSN1S2 transcript levels 1908:1931 CSN1S2 transcript levels 1908:1931 During our experiments, CSN1S2 transcript levels were lower in the mammary gland of cloned cows. 27016834 18 97 theme cell 2441:2444 arg1 apoptosis 2446:2454 cell apoptosis 2441:2454 cell apoptosis 2441:2454 They were associated with differences in cell apoptosis and linked to variations in DNMT1 mRNA. 27016834 15 98 theme DNA 2083:2085 arg1 transcripts 2129:2139 DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts 2083:2139 DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts 2083:2139 The mammary cell apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows may have been related to the higher levels of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) transcripts, coding for products that maintain the epigenetic status of cells. 27016834 19 99 theme fat 2522:2524 arg1 contents 2526:2533 milk protein and fat contents 2505:2533 milk protein and fat contents 2505:2533 However, milk protein and fat contents were more similar among cloned cows than among noncloned cows. 27016834 0 100 theme noncloned 96:104 arg1 cows 106:109 noncloned cows 96:109 noncloned cows 96:109 Differences during the first lactation between cows cloned by somatic cell nuclear transfer and noncloned cows. 27016834 18 101 from differences 2426:2436 arg1 apoptosis 2446:2454 cell apoptosis 2441:2454 cell apoptosis 2441:2454 They were associated with differences in cell apoptosis and linked to variations in DNMT1 mRNA. 27016834 9 102 from cows 1411:1414 arg1 variable 1392:1399 variable 1392:1399 variable 1392:1399 The results showed that milk production did not differ significantly between cloned and noncloned cows, but milk protein and fat contents were less variable in cloned cows. 27016834 4 103 theme Conflicting 617:627 arg1 results 629:635 Conflicting results 617:635 Conflicting results 617:635 Conflicting results have been described in the literature, so our aim was to clarify this situation. 27016834 10 104 theme fat 1435:1437 arg1 yield 1439:1443 milk fat yield 1430:1443 milk fat yield 1430:1443 Furthermore, milk fat yield and contents were lower in cloned cows during early lactation. 27016834 11 105 theme milk 1526:1529 arg1 fat 1531:1533 milk fat 1526:1533 milk fat 1526:1533 At around 67 DIM, milk fat and protein yields, as well as milk fat, protein, and lactose contents, were also lower in cloned cows. 27016834 2 106 theme environmental 332:344 arg1 conditions 346:355 similar environmental conditions 324:355 similar environmental conditions 324:355 However, individual variations can still be observed within a given breed under similar environmental conditions. 27016834 9 107 theme noncloned 1332:1340 arg1 cows 1342:1345 noncloned cows 1332:1345 noncloned cows 1332:1345 The results showed that milk production did not differ significantly between cloned and noncloned cows, but milk protein and fat contents were less variable in cloned cows. 27016834 5 108 theme cell 831:834 arg1 fusion 836:841 cell fusion 831:841 cell fusion with enucleated oocytes 831:865 Nine cloned Prim' Holstein cows were produced by the transfer of nuclei from a single fibroblast cell line after cell fusion with enucleated oocytes. 27016834 12 109 theme lower 1645:1649 arg1 yields 1651:1656 These lower yields 1639:1656 These lower yields 1639:1656 These lower yields could be linked to the higher apoptotic rate observed in cloned cows. 27016834 17 110 from due 2339:2341 arg1 part 2347:2350 part 2347:2350 part 2347:2350 These differences may be due, in part, to a higher incidence of subclinical mastitis. 27016834 19 111 theme protein 2510:2516 arg1 contents 2526:2533 milk protein and fat contents 2505:2533 milk protein and fat contents 2505:2533 However, milk protein and fat contents were more similar among cloned cows than among noncloned cows. 27016834 3 112 theme lactation 525:533 arg1 performance 535:545 lactation performance 525:545 lactation performance 525:545 The role of the environment between birth and lactation could be better appreciated in cloned cows, which are presumed to be genetically identical, but differences in lactation performance between cloned and noncloned cows first need to be clearly evaluated. 28028889 8 0 theme plant 1405:1409 arg1 types 1419:1423 plant biomass types 1405:1423 plant biomass types not present in its natural habitat 1405:1458 This indicates that D. squalens has preserved its ability to efficiently degrade plant biomass types not present in its natural habitat. 28028889 7 1 theme substrate 1260:1268 arg1 composition 1270:1280 the substrate composition 1256:1280 the substrate composition 1256:1280 Surprisingly, the response of the fungus to the non-woody polysaccharides was nearly as good a match to the substrate composition as observed for the wood polysaccharides. 28028889 5 2 theme non-woody 924:932 arg1 substrates 934:943 two non-woody substrates 920:943 two non-woody substrates 920:943 The transcriptome and exoproteome of D. squalens were analyzed after cultivation on two natural substrates, aspen and spruce wood, and two non-woody substrates, wheat bran and cotton seed hulls. 28028889 6 3 theme wood 1130:1133 arg1 polysaccharides 1135:1149 wood polysaccharides 1130:1149 wood polysaccharides 1130:1149 D. squalens produced ligninolytic enzymes mainly at the early time point of the wood cultures, indicating the need to degrade lignin to get access to wood polysaccharides. 28028889 4 4 theme white-rot 697:705 arg1 squalens 725:732 the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens 693:732 the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens 693:732 In this study, we evaluated how well the enzymatic machinery of the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens is tailored to degrade its natural wood substrate. 28028889 7 5 theme wood 1302:1305 arg1 polysaccharides 1307:1321 the wood polysaccharides 1298:1321 the wood polysaccharides 1298:1321 Surprisingly, the response of the fungus to the non-woody polysaccharides was nearly as good a match to the substrate composition as observed for the wood polysaccharides. 28028889 0 6 theme non-woody 79:87 arg1 biomass 89:95 non-woody biomass 79:95 non-woody biomass 79:95 The molecular response of the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens to wood and non-woody biomass as examined by transcriptome and exoproteome analyses. 28028889 8 7 from habitat 1452:1458 arg1 present 1429:1435 present 1429:1435 present 1429:1435 This indicates that D. squalens has preserved its ability to efficiently degrade plant biomass types not present in its natural habitat. 28028889 6 8 theme time 1042:1045 arg1 point 1047:1051 the early time point 1032:1051 the early time point of the wood cultures 1032:1072 D. squalens produced ligninolytic enzymes mainly at the early time point of the wood cultures, indicating the need to degrade lignin to get access to wood polysaccharides. 28028889 8 9 dep D. 1344:1345 arg1 squalens 1347:1354 D. squalens 1344:1354 D. squalens 1344:1354 This indicates that D. squalens has preserved its ability to efficiently degrade plant biomass types not present in its natural habitat. 28028889 8 10 theme present 1429:1435 arg1 types 1419:1423 plant biomass types 1405:1423 plant biomass types not present in its natural habitat 1405:1458 This indicates that D. squalens has preserved its ability to efficiently degrade plant biomass types not present in its natural habitat. 28028889 4 11 theme enzymatic 670:678 arg1 machinery 680:688 the enzymatic machinery 666:688 the enzymatic machinery of the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens 666:732 In this study, we evaluated how well the enzymatic machinery of the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens is tailored to degrade its natural wood substrate. 28028889 2 12 theme ascomycete 256:265 arg1 fungi 267:271 several ascomycete fungi 248:271 several ascomycete fungi 248:271 For several ascomycete fungi, (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. 28028889 2 13 theme habitats 353:360 arg1 habitats 353:360 habitats 353:360 habitats 353:360 For several ascomycete fungi, (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. 28028889 2 13 theme habitats 353:360 arg1 variety 342:348 a large variety 334:348 a large variety of habitats 334:360 For several ascomycete fungi, (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. 28028889 2 14 theme enzyme 459:464 arg1 repertoire 466:475 a more focused enzyme repertoire 444:475 a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate 444:524 For several ascomycete fungi, (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. 28028889 2 14 theme enzyme 459:464 arg1 well-adapted 485:496 well-adapted 485:496 well-adapted 485:496 For several ascomycete fungi, (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. 28028889 8 15 theme natural 1444:1450 arg1 habitat 1452:1458 its natural habitat 1440:1458 its natural habitat 1440:1458 This indicates that D. squalens has preserved its ability to efficiently degrade plant biomass types not present in its natural habitat. 28028889 3 16 located found 602:606 arg1 wood 623:626 wood 623:626 wood 623:626 White-rot basidiomycete fungi also live in a specific habitat, as they are found exclusively in wood. 28028889 3 16 located found 602:606 arg2 they 593:596 they 593:596 they 593:596 White-rot basidiomycete fungi also live in a specific habitat, as they are found exclusively in wood. 28028889 2 17 theme several 248:254 arg1 fungi 267:271 several ascomycete fungi 248:271 several ascomycete fungi 248:271 For several ascomycete fungi, (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. 28028889 3 18 from habitat 581:587 arg1 live 562:565 live 562:565 live 562:565 White-rot basidiomycete fungi also live in a specific habitat, as they are found exclusively in wood. 28028889 6 19 theme ligninolytic 1001:1012 arg1 enzymes 1014:1020 ligninolytic enzymes 1001:1020 ligninolytic enzymes 1001:1020 D. squalens produced ligninolytic enzymes mainly at the early time point of the wood cultures, indicating the need to degrade lignin to get access to wood polysaccharides. 28028889 0 20 theme molecular 4:12 arg1 response 14:21 The molecular response 0:21 The molecular response of the white-rot fungus Dichomitus 0:56 The molecular response of the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens to wood and non-woody biomass as examined by transcriptome and exoproteome analyses. 28028889 5 21 dep transcriptome 789:801 arg1 The 785:787 The 785:787 The 785:787 The transcriptome and exoproteome of D. squalens were analyzed after cultivation on two natural substrates, aspen and spruce wood, and two non-woody substrates, wheat bran and cotton seed hulls. 28028889 2 22 theme genomic 281:287 arg1 analyses 289:296 (post-)genomic analyses 274:296 (post-)genomic analyses 274:296 For several ascomycete fungi, (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. 28028889 3 23 theme basidiomycete 537:549 arg1 fungi 551:555 White-rot basidiomycete fungi 527:555 White-rot basidiomycete fungi 527:555 White-rot basidiomycete fungi also live in a specific habitat, as they are found exclusively in wood. 28028889 8 24 attach present 1429:1435 arg1 habitat 1452:1458 its natural habitat 1440:1458 its natural habitat 1440:1458 This indicates that D. squalens has preserved its ability to efficiently degrade plant biomass types not present in its natural habitat. 28028889 8 24 attach present 1429:1435 arg2 types 1419:1423 plant biomass types 1405:1423 plant biomass types not present in its natural habitat 1405:1458 This indicates that D. squalens has preserved its ability to efficiently degrade plant biomass types not present in its natural habitat. 28028889 2 25 theme large 336:340 arg1 habitats 353:360 habitats 353:360 habitats 353:360 For several ascomycete fungi, (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. 28028889 2 25 theme large 336:340 arg1 variety 342:348 a large variety 334:348 a large variety of habitats 334:360 For several ascomycete fungi, (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. 28028889 8 26 from present 1429:1435 arg1 habitat 1452:1458 its natural habitat 1440:1458 its natural habitat 1440:1458 This indicates that D. squalens has preserved its ability to efficiently degrade plant biomass types not present in its natural habitat. 28028889 2 27 theme prevailing 505:514 arg1 substrate 516:524 the prevailing substrate 501:524 the prevailing substrate 501:524 For several ascomycete fungi, (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. 28028889 5 28 theme cotton 961:966 arg1 hulls 973:977 cotton seed hulls 961:977 cotton seed hulls 961:977 The transcriptome and exoproteome of D. squalens were analyzed after cultivation on two natural substrates, aspen and spruce wood, and two non-woody substrates, wheat bran and cotton seed hulls. 28028889 2 29 theme post- 275:279 arg1 analyses 289:296 (post-)genomic analyses 274:296 (post-)genomic analyses 274:296 For several ascomycete fungi, (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. 28028889 2 30 theme enzymatic 380:388 arg1 machinery 390:398 a diverse enzymatic machinery 370:398 a diverse enzymatic machinery 370:398 For several ascomycete fungi, (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. 28028889 5 31 theme seed 968:971 arg1 hulls 973:977 cotton seed hulls 961:977 cotton seed hulls 961:977 The transcriptome and exoproteome of D. squalens were analyzed after cultivation on two natural substrates, aspen and spruce wood, and two non-woody substrates, wheat bran and cotton seed hulls. 28028889 4 32 theme Dichomitus 714:723 arg1 squalens 725:732 the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens 693:732 the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens 693:732 In this study, we evaluated how well the enzymatic machinery of the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens is tailored to degrade its natural wood substrate. 28028889 6 33 theme wood 1060:1063 arg1 cultures 1065:1072 the wood cultures 1056:1072 the wood cultures 1056:1072 D. squalens produced ligninolytic enzymes mainly at the early time point of the wood cultures, indicating the need to degrade lignin to get access to wood polysaccharides. 28028889 3 34 from live 562:565 arg1 habitat 581:587 a specific habitat 570:587 a specific habitat 570:587 White-rot basidiomycete fungi also live in a specific habitat, as they are found exclusively in wood. 28028889 2 35 theme diverse 372:378 arg1 machinery 390:398 a diverse enzymatic machinery 370:398 a diverse enzymatic machinery 370:398 For several ascomycete fungi, (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. 28028889 0 36 theme white-rot 30:38 arg1 Dichomitus 47:56 the white-rot fungus Dichomitus 26:56 the white-rot fungus Dichomitus 26:56 The molecular response of the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens to wood and non-woody biomass as examined by transcriptome and exoproteome analyses. 28028889 5 37 theme spruce 903:908 arg1 wood 910:913 spruce wood 903:913 spruce wood 903:913 The transcriptome and exoproteome of D. squalens were analyzed after cultivation on two natural substrates, aspen and spruce wood, and two non-woody substrates, wheat bran and cotton seed hulls. 28028889 5 37 theme spruce 903:908 arg1 substrates 881:890 two natural substrates 869:890 two natural substrates 869:890 The transcriptome and exoproteome of D. squalens were analyzed after cultivation on two natural substrates, aspen and spruce wood, and two non-woody substrates, wheat bran and cotton seed hulls. 28028889 0 38 theme exoproteome 130:140 arg1 analyses 142:149 exoproteome analyses 130:149 exoproteome analyses 130:149 The molecular response of the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens to wood and non-woody biomass as examined by transcriptome and exoproteome analyses. 28028889 5 39 theme wheat 946:950 arg1 bran 952:955 wheat bran 946:955 wheat bran 946:955 The transcriptome and exoproteome of D. squalens were analyzed after cultivation on two natural substrates, aspen and spruce wood, and two non-woody substrates, wheat bran and cotton seed hulls. 28028889 5 40 theme D. 822:823 arg1 exoproteome 807:817 exoproteome 807:817 exoproteome 807:817 The transcriptome and exoproteome of D. squalens were analyzed after cultivation on two natural substrates, aspen and spruce wood, and two non-woody substrates, wheat bran and cotton seed hulls. 28028889 5 40 theme D. 822:823 arg1 transcriptome 789:801 transcriptome 789:801 transcriptome 789:801 The transcriptome and exoproteome of D. squalens were analyzed after cultivation on two natural substrates, aspen and spruce wood, and two non-woody substrates, wheat bran and cotton seed hulls. 28028889 2 41 theme specific 422:429 arg1 habitat 431:437 a specific habitat 420:437 a specific habitat 420:437 For several ascomycete fungi, (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. 28028889 5 42 dep D. 822:823 arg1 squalens 825:832 D. squalens 822:832 D. squalens 822:832 The transcriptome and exoproteome of D. squalens were analyzed after cultivation on two natural substrates, aspen and spruce wood, and two non-woody substrates, wheat bran and cotton seed hulls. 28028889 2 43 contain have 439:442 arg2 well-adapted 485:496 well-adapted 485:496 well-adapted 485:496 For several ascomycete fungi, (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. 28028889 2 43 contain have 439:442 arg2 repertoire 466:475 a more focused enzyme repertoire 444:475 a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate 444:524 For several ascomycete fungi, (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. 28028889 2 43 contain have 439:442 arg1 species 407:413 species 407:413 species with a specific habitat 407:437 For several ascomycete fungi, (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. 28028889 1 44 theme major 197:201 arg1 requirement 203:213 a major requirement 195:213 a major requirement to exist in any environment 195:241 The ability to obtain carbon and energy is a major requirement to exist in any environment. 28028889 1 44 theme major 197:201 arg1 ability 156:162 The ability to obtain carbon and energy 152:190 The ability to obtain carbon and energy 152:190 The ability to obtain carbon and energy is a major requirement to exist in any environment. 28028889 0 45 theme Dichomitus 47:56 arg1 response 14:21 The molecular response 0:21 The molecular response of the white-rot fungus Dichomitus 0:56 The molecular response of the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens to wood and non-woody biomass as examined by transcriptome and exoproteome analyses. 28028889 4 46 theme wood 769:772 arg1 substrate 774:782 its natural wood substrate 757:782 its natural wood substrate 757:782 In this study, we evaluated how well the enzymatic machinery of the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens is tailored to degrade its natural wood substrate. 28028889 7 47 theme fungus 1186:1191 arg1 response 1170:1177 the response 1166:1177 the response of the fungus to the non-woody polysaccharides 1166:1224 Surprisingly, the response of the fungus to the non-woody polysaccharides was nearly as good a match to the substrate composition as observed for the wood polysaccharides. 28028889 7 47 theme fungus 1186:1191 arg1 good 1240:1243 good 1240:1243 good 1240:1243 Surprisingly, the response of the fungus to the non-woody polysaccharides was nearly as good a match to the substrate composition as observed for the wood polysaccharides. 28028889 0 48 theme fungus 40:45 arg1 Dichomitus 47:56 the white-rot fungus Dichomitus 26:56 the white-rot fungus Dichomitus 26:56 The molecular response of the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens to wood and non-woody biomass as examined by transcriptome and exoproteome analyses. 28028889 2 49 contain possess 362:368 arg2 machinery 390:398 a diverse enzymatic machinery 370:398 a diverse enzymatic machinery 370:398 For several ascomycete fungi, (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. 28028889 2 49 contain possess 362:368 arg1 species 314:320 species 314:320 species that occupy a large variety of habitats 314:360 For several ascomycete fungi, (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. 28028889 4 50 theme natural 761:767 arg1 substrate 774:782 its natural wood substrate 757:782 its natural wood substrate 757:782 In this study, we evaluated how well the enzymatic machinery of the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens is tailored to degrade its natural wood substrate. 28028889 2 51 with species 407:413 arg1 habitat 431:437 a specific habitat 420:437 a specific habitat 420:437 For several ascomycete fungi, (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. 28028889 3 52 theme White-rot 527:535 arg1 fungi 551:555 White-rot basidiomycete fungi 527:555 White-rot basidiomycete fungi 527:555 White-rot basidiomycete fungi also live in a specific habitat, as they are found exclusively in wood. 28028889 6 53 theme cultures 1065:1072 arg1 point 1047:1051 the early time point 1032:1051 the early time point of the wood cultures 1032:1072 D. squalens produced ligninolytic enzymes mainly at the early time point of the wood cultures, indicating the need to degrade lignin to get access to wood polysaccharides. 28028889 4 54 theme fungus 707:712 arg1 squalens 725:732 the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens 693:732 the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens 693:732 In this study, we evaluated how well the enzymatic machinery of the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens is tailored to degrade its natural wood substrate. 28028889 4 55 theme squalens 725:732 arg1 machinery 680:688 the enzymatic machinery 666:688 the enzymatic machinery of the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens 666:732 In this study, we evaluated how well the enzymatic machinery of the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens is tailored to degrade its natural wood substrate. 28028889 5 56 theme natural 873:879 arg1 aspen 893:897 aspen 893:897 aspen 893:897 The transcriptome and exoproteome of D. squalens were analyzed after cultivation on two natural substrates, aspen and spruce wood, and two non-woody substrates, wheat bran and cotton seed hulls. 28028889 5 56 theme natural 873:879 arg1 wood 910:913 spruce wood 903:913 spruce wood 903:913 The transcriptome and exoproteome of D. squalens were analyzed after cultivation on two natural substrates, aspen and spruce wood, and two non-woody substrates, wheat bran and cotton seed hulls. 28028889 5 56 theme natural 873:879 arg1 substrates 881:890 two natural substrates 869:890 two natural substrates 869:890 The transcriptome and exoproteome of D. squalens were analyzed after cultivation on two natural substrates, aspen and spruce wood, and two non-woody substrates, wheat bran and cotton seed hulls. 28028889 2 57 theme focused 451:457 arg1 repertoire 466:475 a more focused enzyme repertoire 444:475 a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate 444:524 For several ascomycete fungi, (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. 28028889 2 57 theme focused 451:457 arg1 well-adapted 485:496 well-adapted 485:496 well-adapted 485:496 For several ascomycete fungi, (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. 28028889 7 58 theme non-woody 1200:1208 arg1 polysaccharides 1210:1224 the non-woody polysaccharides 1196:1224 the non-woody polysaccharides 1196:1224 Surprisingly, the response of the fungus to the non-woody polysaccharides was nearly as good a match to the substrate composition as observed for the wood polysaccharides. 28028889 6 59 theme D. 980:981 arg1 squalens 983:990 D. squalens 980:990 D. squalens 980:990 D. squalens produced ligninolytic enzymes mainly at the early time point of the wood cultures, indicating the need to degrade lignin to get access to wood polysaccharides. 28028889 6 60 theme early 1036:1040 arg1 point 1047:1051 the early time point 1032:1051 the early time point of the wood cultures 1032:1072 D. squalens produced ligninolytic enzymes mainly at the early time point of the wood cultures, indicating the need to degrade lignin to get access to wood polysaccharides. 28028889 8 61 theme biomass 1411:1417 arg1 types 1419:1423 plant biomass types 1405:1423 plant biomass types not present in its natural habitat 1405:1458 This indicates that D. squalens has preserved its ability to efficiently degrade plant biomass types not present in its natural habitat. 28028889 3 62 theme specific 572:579 arg1 habitat 581:587 a specific habitat 570:587 a specific habitat 570:587 White-rot basidiomycete fungi also live in a specific habitat, as they are found exclusively in wood. 27253379 8 0 theme HIV 1681:1683 arg1 RNA 1685:1687 HIV RNA 1681:1687 HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) 1681:1712 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 8 1 theme HIV-infected 1610:1621 arg1 individuals 1638:1648 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals 1607:1648 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals 1607:1648 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 6 2 theme transcription 1120:1132 arg1 initiation 1134:1143 transcription initiation 1120:1143 transcription initiation 1120:1143 rGal-9 signals through N-linked oligosaccharides and O-linked hexasaccharides on the T cell surface, modulating the gene expression levels of key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency. 27253379 6 3 link N-linked 997:1004 arg1 oligosaccharides 1006:1021 N-linked oligosaccharides 997:1021 N-linked oligosaccharides 997:1021 rGal-9 signals through N-linked oligosaccharides and O-linked hexasaccharides on the T cell surface, modulating the gene expression levels of key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency. 27253379 8 4 from levels 1561:1566 arg1 plasma 1597:1602 the plasma 1593:1602 the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals 1593:1648 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 2 5 theme host 251:254 arg1 p21 263:265 the host factor p21 247:265 the host factor p21 247:265 Based on our recent finding that the host factor p21 regulates HIV transcription during antiretroviral therapy (ART), and published data demonstrating that the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 regulates p21, we hypothesized that galectin-9 modulates HIV transcription. 27253379 8 6 theme T 1697:1697 arg1 p<0.02 1706:1711 p<0.02 1706:1711 p<0.02 1706:1711 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 8 6 theme T 1697:1697 arg1 cells 1699:1703 CD4+ T cells 1692:1703 CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) 1692:1712 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 7 7 dep and 1350:1352 arg1 FDR<0.006 1363:1371 FDR<0.006 1363:1371 FDR<0.006 1363:1371 Beyond latent viral reactivation, rGal-9 induces robust expression of the host antiviral deaminase APOBEC3G in vitro and ex vivo (FDR<0.006) and significantly reduces infectivity of progeny virus, decreasing the probability that the HIV reservoir will be replenished when latency is reversed therapeutically. 27253379 7 8 theme virus 1423:1427 arg1 infectivity 1400:1410 infectivity 1400:1410 infectivity of progeny virus 1400:1427 Beyond latent viral reactivation, rGal-9 induces robust expression of the host antiviral deaminase APOBEC3G in vitro and ex vivo (FDR<0.006) and significantly reduces infectivity of progeny virus, decreasing the probability that the HIV reservoir will be replenished when latency is reversed therapeutically. 27253379 8 9 theme HIV 1848:1850 arg1 transcription 1852:1864 HIV transcription 1848:1864 HIV transcription 1848:1864 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 3 10 theme galectin-9 580:589 arg1 form 572:575 a recombinant, stable form 550:575 a recombinant, stable form of galectin-9 (rGal-9) 550:598 We report that the administration of a recombinant, stable form of galectin-9 (rGal-9) potently reverses HIV latency in vitro in the J-Lat HIV latency model. 27253379 6 11 theme expression 1095:1104 arg1 levels 1106:1111 the gene expression levels 1086:1111 the gene expression levels of key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency 1086:1230 rGal-9 signals through N-linked oligosaccharides and O-linked hexasaccharides on the T cell surface, modulating the gene expression levels of key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency. 27253379 3 12 theme form 572:575 arg1 administration 532:545 the administration 528:545 the administration of a recombinant, stable form of galectin-9 (rGal-9) 528:598 We report that the administration of a recombinant, stable form of galectin-9 (rGal-9) potently reverses HIV latency in vitro in the J-Lat HIV latency model. 27253379 6 13 theme remodeling 1187:1196 arg1 factors 1198:1204 key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors 1116:1204 key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency 1116:1230 rGal-9 signals through N-linked oligosaccharides and O-linked hexasaccharides on the T cell surface, modulating the gene expression levels of key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency. 27253379 1 14 theme HIV 124:126 arg1 transcription 128:140 HIV transcription 124:140 HIV transcription 124:140 Identifying host immune determinants governing HIV transcription, latency and infectivity in vivo is critical to developing an HIV cure. 27253379 7 15 theme APOBEC3G 1332:1339 arg1 expression 1289:1298 robust expression 1282:1298 robust expression of the host antiviral deaminase APOBEC3G 1282:1339 Beyond latent viral reactivation, rGal-9 induces robust expression of the host antiviral deaminase APOBEC3G in vitro and ex vivo (FDR<0.006) and significantly reduces infectivity of progeny virus, decreasing the probability that the HIV reservoir will be replenished when latency is reversed therapeutically. 27253379 5 16 theme JQ1 903:905 arg1 " 906:906 the latency reversal agent "JQ1" 875:906 the latency reversal agent "JQ1" 875:906 rGal-9 co-administration with the latency reversal agent "JQ1", a bromodomain inhibitor, exhibits synergistic activity (p<0.05). 27253379 8 17 theme binding 1740:1746 arg1 avidity 1748:1754 binding avidity 1740:1754 binding avidity 1740:1754 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 5 18 theme reversal 887:894 arg1 " 906:906 the latency reversal agent "JQ1" 875:906 the latency reversal agent "JQ1" 875:906 rGal-9 co-administration with the latency reversal agent "JQ1", a bromodomain inhibitor, exhibits synergistic activity (p<0.05). 27253379 5 19 theme latency 879:885 arg1 " 906:906 the latency reversal agent "JQ1" 875:906 the latency reversal agent "JQ1" 875:906 rGal-9 co-administration with the latency reversal agent "JQ1", a bromodomain inhibitor, exhibits synergistic activity (p<0.05). 27253379 7 20 theme antiviral 1312:1320 arg1 APOBEC3G 1332:1339 the host antiviral deaminase APOBEC3G 1303:1339 the host antiviral deaminase APOBEC3G 1303:1339 Beyond latent viral reactivation, rGal-9 induces robust expression of the host antiviral deaminase APOBEC3G in vitro and ex vivo (FDR<0.006) and significantly reduces infectivity of progeny virus, decreasing the probability that the HIV reservoir will be replenished when latency is reversed therapeutically. 27253379 0 21 theme Transcription 45:57 arg1 Mediator 29:36 a Potent Mediator 20:36 a Potent Mediator of HIV Transcription and Reactivation 20:74 Human Galectin-9 Is a Potent Mediator of HIV Transcription and Reactivation. 27253379 0 21 theme Transcription 45:57 arg1 Galectin-9 6:15 Human Galectin-9 0:15 Human Galectin-9 0:15 Human Galectin-9 Is a Potent Mediator of HIV Transcription and Reactivation. 27253379 3 22 theme HIV 618:620 arg1 latency 622:628 HIV latency 618:628 HIV latency 618:628 We report that the administration of a recombinant, stable form of galectin-9 (rGal-9) potently reverses HIV latency in vitro in the J-Lat HIV latency model. 27253379 4 23 from individuals 778:788 arg1 cells 738:742 primary CD4+ T cells 723:742 primary CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected, ART-suppressed individuals (p = 0.002) 723:800 Furthermore, rGal-9 reverses HIV latency ex vivo in primary CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected, ART-suppressed individuals (p = 0.002), more potently than vorinostat (p = 0.02). 27253379 9 24 theme host 1952:1955 arg1 foundations 2003:2013 foundations 2003:2013 foundations for novel HIV cure strategies 2003:2043 Our data suggest that galectin-9 and the host glycosylation machinery should be explored as foundations for novel HIV cure strategies. 27253379 9 24 theme host 1952:1955 arg1 machinery 1971:1979 the host glycosylation machinery 1948:1979 the host glycosylation machinery 1948:1979 Our data suggest that galectin-9 and the host glycosylation machinery should be explored as foundations for novel HIV cure strategies. 27253379 9 24 theme host 1952:1955 arg1 galectin-9 1933:1942 galectin-9 1933:1942 galectin-9 1933:1942 Our data suggest that galectin-9 and the host glycosylation machinery should be explored as foundations for novel HIV cure strategies. 27253379 0 25 theme Reactivation 63:74 arg1 Mediator 29:36 a Potent Mediator 20:36 a Potent Mediator of HIV Transcription and Reactivation 20:74 Human Galectin-9 Is a Potent Mediator of HIV Transcription and Reactivation. 27253379 0 25 theme Reactivation 63:74 arg1 Galectin-9 6:15 Human Galectin-9 0:15 Human Galectin-9 0:15 Human Galectin-9 Is a Potent Mediator of HIV Transcription and Reactivation. 27253379 8 26 theme anti-HIV 1771:1778 arg1 antibodies 1780:1789 anti-HIV antibodies 1771:1789 circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009) 1759:1799 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 8 26 theme anti-HIV 1771:1778 arg1 p<0.009 1792:1798 p<0.009 1792:1798 p<0.009 1792:1798 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 2 27 theme human 374:378 arg1 galectin-9 426:435 the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 370:435 the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 370:435 Based on our recent finding that the host factor p21 regulates HIV transcription during antiretroviral therapy (ART), and published data demonstrating that the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 regulates p21, we hypothesized that galectin-9 modulates HIV transcription. 27253379 6 28 theme O-linked 1027:1034 arg1 hexasaccharides 1036:1050 O-linked hexasaccharides 1027:1050 O-linked hexasaccharides 1027:1050 rGal-9 signals through N-linked oligosaccharides and O-linked hexasaccharides on the T cell surface, modulating the gene expression levels of key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency. 27253379 4 29 theme primary 723:729 arg1 cells 738:742 primary CD4+ T cells 723:742 primary CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected, ART-suppressed individuals (p = 0.002) 723:800 Furthermore, rGal-9 reverses HIV latency ex vivo in primary CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected, ART-suppressed individuals (p = 0.002), more potently than vorinostat (p = 0.02). 27253379 0 30 theme Human 0:4 arg1 Mediator 29:36 a Potent Mediator 20:36 a Potent Mediator of HIV Transcription and Reactivation 20:74 Human Galectin-9 Is a Potent Mediator of HIV Transcription and Reactivation. 27253379 0 30 theme Human 0:4 arg1 Galectin-9 6:15 Human Galectin-9 0:15 Human Galectin-9 0:15 Human Galectin-9 Is a Potent Mediator of HIV Transcription and Reactivation. 27253379 2 31 theme recent 227:232 arg1 finding 234:240 our recent finding that the host factor p21 regulates HIV transcription during antiretroviral therapy (ART) 223:329 our recent finding that the host factor p21 regulates HIV transcription during antiretroviral therapy (ART) 223:329 Based on our recent finding that the host factor p21 regulates HIV transcription during antiretroviral therapy (ART), and published data demonstrating that the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 regulates p21, we hypothesized that galectin-9 modulates HIV transcription. 27253379 1 32 theme host 89:92 arg1 infectivity 155:165 infectivity 155:165 infectivity 155:165 Identifying host immune determinants governing HIV transcription, latency and infectivity in vivo is critical to developing an HIV cure. 27253379 1 32 theme host 89:92 arg1 latency 143:149 latency 143:149 latency 143:149 Identifying host immune determinants governing HIV transcription, latency and infectivity in vivo is critical to developing an HIV cure. 27253379 1 32 theme host 89:92 arg1 determinants 101:112 host immune determinants 89:112 host immune determinants governing HIV transcription 89:140 Identifying host immune determinants governing HIV transcription, latency and infectivity in vivo is critical to developing an HIV cure. 27253379 9 33 theme HIV 2025:2027 arg1 strategies 2034:2043 novel HIV cure strategies 2019:2043 novel HIV cure strategies 2019:2043 Our data suggest that galectin-9 and the host glycosylation machinery should be explored as foundations for novel HIV cure strategies. 27253379 6 34 theme proximal-pausing 1155:1170 arg1 factors 1198:1204 key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors 1116:1204 key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency 1116:1230 rGal-9 signals through N-linked oligosaccharides and O-linked hexasaccharides on the T cell surface, modulating the gene expression levels of key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency. 27253379 4 35 theme T 736:736 arg1 cells 738:742 primary CD4+ T cells 723:742 primary CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected, ART-suppressed individuals (p = 0.002) 723:800 Furthermore, rGal-9 reverses HIV latency ex vivo in primary CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected, ART-suppressed individuals (p = 0.002), more potently than vorinostat (p = 0.02). 27253379 7 36 theme robust 1282:1287 arg1 expression 1289:1298 robust expression 1282:1298 robust expression of the host antiviral deaminase APOBEC3G 1282:1339 Beyond latent viral reactivation, rGal-9 induces robust expression of the host antiviral deaminase APOBEC3G in vitro and ex vivo (FDR<0.006) and significantly reduces infectivity of progeny virus, decreasing the probability that the HIV reservoir will be replenished when latency is reversed therapeutically. 27253379 3 37 theme J-Lat 646:650 arg1 model 664:668 the J-Lat HIV latency model 642:668 the J-Lat HIV latency model 642:668 We report that the administration of a recombinant, stable form of galectin-9 (rGal-9) potently reverses HIV latency in vitro in the J-Lat HIV latency model. 27253379 2 38 theme immunomodulatory 401:416 arg1 galectin-9 426:435 the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 370:435 the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 370:435 Based on our recent finding that the host factor p21 regulates HIV transcription during antiretroviral therapy (ART), and published data demonstrating that the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 regulates p21, we hypothesized that galectin-9 modulates HIV transcription. 27253379 0 39 theme Potent 22:27 arg1 Mediator 29:36 a Potent Mediator 20:36 a Potent Mediator of HIV Transcription and Reactivation 20:74 Human Galectin-9 Is a Potent Mediator of HIV Transcription and Reactivation. 27253379 0 39 theme Potent 22:27 arg1 Galectin-9 6:15 Human Galectin-9 0:15 Human Galectin-9 0:15 Human Galectin-9 Is a Potent Mediator of HIV Transcription and Reactivation. 27253379 7 40 theme deaminase 1322:1330 arg1 APOBEC3G 1332:1339 the host antiviral deaminase APOBEC3G 1303:1339 the host antiviral deaminase APOBEC3G 1303:1339 Beyond latent viral reactivation, rGal-9 induces robust expression of the host antiviral deaminase APOBEC3G in vitro and ex vivo (FDR<0.006) and significantly reduces infectivity of progeny virus, decreasing the probability that the HIV reservoir will be replenished when latency is reversed therapeutically. 27253379 8 41 theme ART-suppressed 1623:1636 arg1 individuals 1638:1648 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals 1607:1648 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals 1607:1648 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 7 42 theme HIV 1466:1468 arg1 reservoir 1470:1478 the HIV reservoir 1462:1478 the HIV reservoir 1462:1478 Beyond latent viral reactivation, rGal-9 induces robust expression of the host antiviral deaminase APOBEC3G in vitro and ex vivo (FDR<0.006) and significantly reduces infectivity of progeny virus, decreasing the probability that the HIV reservoir will be replenished when latency is reversed therapeutically. 27253379 7 43 theme latent 1240:1245 arg1 reactivation 1253:1264 latent viral reactivation 1240:1264 latent viral reactivation 1240:1264 Beyond latent viral reactivation, rGal-9 induces robust expression of the host antiviral deaminase APOBEC3G in vitro and ex vivo (FDR<0.006) and significantly reduces infectivity of progeny virus, decreasing the probability that the HIV reservoir will be replenished when latency is reversed therapeutically. 27253379 8 44 theme soluble 1571:1577 arg1 galectin-9 1579:1588 soluble galectin-9 1571:1588 soluble galectin-9 1571:1588 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 3 45 theme latency 656:662 arg1 model 664:668 the J-Lat HIV latency model 642:668 the J-Lat HIV latency model 642:668 We report that the administration of a recombinant, stable form of galectin-9 (rGal-9) potently reverses HIV latency in vitro in the J-Lat HIV latency model. 27253379 6 46 theme T 1059:1059 arg1 surface 1066:1072 the T cell surface 1055:1072 the T cell surface 1055:1072 rGal-9 signals through N-linked oligosaccharides and O-linked hexasaccharides on the T cell surface, modulating the gene expression levels of key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency. 27253379 8 47 dep quantity 1727:1734 arg1 the 1723:1725 the 1723:1725 the 1723:1725 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 6 48 link O-linked 1027:1034 arg1 hexasaccharides 1036:1050 O-linked hexasaccharides 1027:1050 O-linked hexasaccharides 1027:1050 rGal-9 signals through N-linked oligosaccharides and O-linked hexasaccharides on the T cell surface, modulating the gene expression levels of key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency. 27253379 8 49 theme galectin-9 1823:1832 arg1 role 1815:1818 a role 1813:1818 a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy 1813:1908 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 3 50 theme recombinant 552:562 arg1 form 572:575 a recombinant, stable form 550:575 a recombinant, stable form of galectin-9 (rGal-9) 550:598 We report that the administration of a recombinant, stable form of galectin-9 (rGal-9) potently reverses HIV latency in vitro in the J-Lat HIV latency model. 27253379 4 51 theme = 836:836 arg1 p 834:834 p = 0.02 834:841 p = 0.02 834:841 Furthermore, rGal-9 reverses HIV latency ex vivo in primary CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected, ART-suppressed individuals (p = 0.002), more potently than vorinostat (p = 0.02). 27253379 4 51 theme = 836:836 arg1 vorinostat 822:831 vorinostat 822:831 vorinostat (p = 0.02) 822:842 Furthermore, rGal-9 reverses HIV latency ex vivo in primary CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected, ART-suppressed individuals (p = 0.002), more potently than vorinostat (p = 0.02). 27253379 6 52 theme initiation 1134:1143 arg1 factors 1198:1204 key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors 1116:1204 key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency 1116:1230 rGal-9 signals through N-linked oligosaccharides and O-linked hexasaccharides on the T cell surface, modulating the gene expression levels of key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency. 27253379 2 53 theme factor 256:261 arg1 p21 263:265 the host factor p21 247:265 the host factor p21 247:265 Based on our recent finding that the host factor p21 regulates HIV transcription during antiretroviral therapy (ART), and published data demonstrating that the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 regulates p21, we hypothesized that galectin-9 modulates HIV transcription. 27253379 8 54 theme RNA 1685:1687 arg1 levels 1671:1676 levels 1671:1676 levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) 1671:1712 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 7 55 theme progeny 1415:1421 arg1 virus 1423:1427 progeny virus 1415:1427 progeny virus 1415:1427 Beyond latent viral reactivation, rGal-9 induces robust expression of the host antiviral deaminase APOBEC3G in vitro and ex vivo (FDR<0.006) and significantly reduces infectivity of progeny virus, decreasing the probability that the HIV reservoir will be replenished when latency is reversed therapeutically. 27253379 6 56 theme key 1116:1118 arg1 factors 1198:1204 key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors 1116:1204 key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency 1116:1230 rGal-9 signals through N-linked oligosaccharides and O-linked hexasaccharides on the T cell surface, modulating the gene expression levels of key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency. 27253379 6 57 theme HIV 1220:1222 arg1 latency 1224:1230 HIV latency 1220:1230 HIV latency 1220:1230 rGal-9 signals through N-linked oligosaccharides and O-linked hexasaccharides on the T cell surface, modulating the gene expression levels of key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency. 27253379 2 58 theme antiretroviral 302:315 arg1 ART 326:328 ART 326:328 ART 326:328 Based on our recent finding that the host factor p21 regulates HIV transcription during antiretroviral therapy (ART), and published data demonstrating that the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 regulates p21, we hypothesized that galectin-9 modulates HIV transcription. 27253379 2 58 theme antiretroviral 302:315 arg1 therapy 317:323 antiretroviral therapy 302:323 antiretroviral therapy (ART) 302:329 Based on our recent finding that the host factor p21 regulates HIV transcription during antiretroviral therapy (ART), and published data demonstrating that the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 regulates p21, we hypothesized that galectin-9 modulates HIV transcription. 27253379 8 59 theme CD4+ 1692:1695 arg1 p<0.02 1706:1711 p<0.02 1706:1711 p<0.02 1706:1711 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 8 59 theme CD4+ 1692:1695 arg1 cells 1699:1703 CD4+ T cells 1692:1703 CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) 1692:1712 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 8 60 theme viral 1870:1874 arg1 production 1876:1885 viral production 1870:1885 viral production 1870:1885 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 6 61 theme gene 1090:1093 arg1 levels 1106:1111 the gene expression levels 1086:1111 the gene expression levels of key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency 1086:1230 rGal-9 signals through N-linked oligosaccharides and O-linked hexasaccharides on the T cell surface, modulating the gene expression levels of key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency. 27253379 1 62 theme HIV 204:206 arg1 cure 208:211 an HIV cure 201:211 an HIV cure 201:211 Identifying host immune determinants governing HIV transcription, latency and infectivity in vivo is critical to developing an HIV cure. 27253379 6 63 theme factors 1198:1204 arg1 levels 1106:1111 the gene expression levels 1086:1111 the gene expression levels of key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency 1086:1230 rGal-9 signals through N-linked oligosaccharides and O-linked hexasaccharides on the T cell surface, modulating the gene expression levels of key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency. 27253379 6 64 theme chromatin 1177:1185 arg1 remodeling 1187:1196 chromatin remodeling 1177:1196 chromatin remodeling 1177:1196 rGal-9 signals through N-linked oligosaccharides and O-linked hexasaccharides on the T cell surface, modulating the gene expression levels of key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency. 27253379 4 65 theme HIV 700:702 arg1 latency 704:710 HIV latency 700:710 HIV latency 700:710 Furthermore, rGal-9 reverses HIV latency ex vivo in primary CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected, ART-suppressed individuals (p = 0.002), more potently than vorinostat (p = 0.02). 27253379 3 66 dep recombinant 552:562 arg1 stable 565:570 stable 565:570 stable 565:570 We report that the administration of a recombinant, stable form of galectin-9 (rGal-9) potently reverses HIV latency in vitro in the J-Lat HIV latency model. 27253379 6 67 theme promoter 1146:1153 arg1 proximal-pausing 1155:1170 promoter proximal-pausing 1146:1170 promoter proximal-pausing 1146:1170 rGal-9 signals through N-linked oligosaccharides and O-linked hexasaccharides on the T cell surface, modulating the gene expression levels of key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency. 27253379 8 68 from levels 1671:1676 arg1 p<0.02 1706:1711 p<0.02 1706:1711 p<0.02 1706:1711 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 8 68 from levels 1671:1676 arg1 cells 1699:1703 CD4+ T cells 1692:1703 CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) 1692:1712 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 2 69 theme HIV 494:496 arg1 transcription 498:510 HIV transcription 494:510 HIV transcription 494:510 Based on our recent finding that the host factor p21 regulates HIV transcription during antiretroviral therapy (ART), and published data demonstrating that the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 regulates p21, we hypothesized that galectin-9 modulates HIV transcription. 27253379 5 70 with co-administration 852:868 arg1 " 906:906 the latency reversal agent "JQ1" 875:906 the latency reversal agent "JQ1" 875:906 rGal-9 co-administration with the latency reversal agent "JQ1", a bromodomain inhibitor, exhibits synergistic activity (p<0.05). 27253379 9 71 theme glycosylation 1957:1969 arg1 foundations 2003:2013 foundations 2003:2013 foundations for novel HIV cure strategies 2003:2043 Our data suggest that galectin-9 and the host glycosylation machinery should be explored as foundations for novel HIV cure strategies. 27253379 9 71 theme glycosylation 1957:1969 arg1 machinery 1971:1979 the host glycosylation machinery 1948:1979 the host glycosylation machinery 1948:1979 Our data suggest that galectin-9 and the host glycosylation machinery should be explored as foundations for novel HIV cure strategies. 27253379 9 71 theme glycosylation 1957:1969 arg1 galectin-9 1933:1942 galectin-9 1933:1942 galectin-9 1933:1942 Our data suggest that galectin-9 and the host glycosylation machinery should be explored as foundations for novel HIV cure strategies. 27253379 8 72 theme circulating 1759:1769 arg1 antibodies 1780:1789 anti-HIV antibodies 1771:1789 circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009) 1759:1799 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 8 72 theme circulating 1759:1769 arg1 p<0.009 1792:1798 p<0.009 1792:1798 p<0.009 1792:1798 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 2 73 theme HIV 277:279 arg1 transcription 281:293 HIV transcription 277:293 HIV transcription 277:293 Based on our recent finding that the host factor p21 regulates HIV transcription during antiretroviral therapy (ART), and published data demonstrating that the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 regulates p21, we hypothesized that galectin-9 modulates HIV transcription. 27253379 8 74 theme antibodies 1780:1789 arg1 quantity 1727:1734 quantity 1727:1734 quantity 1727:1734 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 8 74 theme antibodies 1780:1789 arg1 avidity 1748:1754 binding avidity 1740:1754 binding avidity 1740:1754 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 5 75 theme bromodomain 911:921 arg1 co-administration 852:868 rGal-9 co-administration 845:868 rGal-9 co-administration with the latency reversal agent "JQ1" 845:906 rGal-9 co-administration with the latency reversal agent "JQ1", a bromodomain inhibitor, exhibits synergistic activity (p<0.05). 27253379 5 75 theme bromodomain 911:921 arg1 inhibitor 923:931 a bromodomain inhibitor 909:931 a bromodomain inhibitor 909:931 rGal-9 co-administration with the latency reversal agent "JQ1", a bromodomain inhibitor, exhibits synergistic activity (p<0.05). 27253379 4 76 theme HIV-infected 749:760 arg1 p 791:791 p = 0.002 791:799 p = 0.002 791:799 Furthermore, rGal-9 reverses HIV latency ex vivo in primary CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected, ART-suppressed individuals (p = 0.002), more potently than vorinostat (p = 0.02). 27253379 4 76 theme HIV-infected 749:760 arg1 individuals 778:788 HIV-infected, ART-suppressed individuals 749:788 individuals 778:788 Furthermore, rGal-9 reverses HIV latency ex vivo in primary CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected, ART-suppressed individuals (p = 0.002), more potently than vorinostat (p = 0.02). 27253379 5 77 theme agent 896:900 arg1 " 906:906 the latency reversal agent "JQ1" 875:906 the latency reversal agent "JQ1" 875:906 rGal-9 co-administration with the latency reversal agent "JQ1", a bromodomain inhibitor, exhibits synergistic activity (p<0.05). 27253379 1 78 theme immune 94:99 arg1 infectivity 155:165 infectivity 155:165 infectivity 155:165 Identifying host immune determinants governing HIV transcription, latency and infectivity in vivo is critical to developing an HIV cure. 27253379 1 78 theme immune 94:99 arg1 latency 143:149 latency 143:149 latency 143:149 Identifying host immune determinants governing HIV transcription, latency and infectivity in vivo is critical to developing an HIV cure. 27253379 1 78 theme immune 94:99 arg1 determinants 101:112 host immune determinants 89:112 host immune determinants governing HIV transcription 89:140 Identifying host immune determinants governing HIV transcription, latency and infectivity in vivo is critical to developing an HIV cure. 27253379 6 79 theme N-linked 997:1004 arg1 oligosaccharides 1006:1021 N-linked oligosaccharides 997:1021 N-linked oligosaccharides 997:1021 rGal-9 signals through N-linked oligosaccharides and O-linked hexasaccharides on the T cell surface, modulating the gene expression levels of key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency. 27253379 9 80 theme novel 2019:2023 arg1 strategies 2034:2043 novel HIV cure strategies 2019:2043 novel HIV cure strategies 2019:2043 Our data suggest that galectin-9 and the host glycosylation machinery should be explored as foundations for novel HIV cure strategies. 27253379 4 81 theme CD4+ 731:734 arg1 cells 738:742 primary CD4+ T cells 723:742 primary CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected, ART-suppressed individuals (p = 0.002) 723:800 Furthermore, rGal-9 reverses HIV latency ex vivo in primary CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected, ART-suppressed individuals (p = 0.002), more potently than vorinostat (p = 0.02). 27253379 2 82 theme protein 418:424 arg1 galectin-9 426:435 the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 370:435 the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 370:435 Based on our recent finding that the host factor p21 regulates HIV transcription during antiretroviral therapy (ART), and published data demonstrating that the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 regulates p21, we hypothesized that galectin-9 modulates HIV transcription. 27253379 8 83 theme endogenous 1550:1559 arg1 levels 1561:1566 endogenous levels 1550:1566 endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals 1550:1648 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 9 84 theme cure 2029:2032 arg1 strategies 2034:2043 novel HIV cure strategies 2019:2043 novel HIV cure strategies 2019:2043 Our data suggest that galectin-9 and the host glycosylation machinery should be explored as foundations for novel HIV cure strategies. 27253379 4 85 theme = 793:793 arg1 p 791:791 p = 0.002 791:799 p = 0.002 791:799 Furthermore, rGal-9 reverses HIV latency ex vivo in primary CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected, ART-suppressed individuals (p = 0.002), more potently than vorinostat (p = 0.02). 27253379 4 85 theme = 793:793 arg1 individuals 778:788 HIV-infected, ART-suppressed individuals 749:788 individuals 778:788 Furthermore, rGal-9 reverses HIV latency ex vivo in primary CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected, ART-suppressed individuals (p = 0.002), more potently than vorinostat (p = 0.02). 27253379 2 86 theme carbohydrate-binding 380:399 arg1 galectin-9 426:435 the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 370:435 the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 370:435 Based on our recent finding that the host factor p21 regulates HIV transcription during antiretroviral therapy (ART), and published data demonstrating that the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 regulates p21, we hypothesized that galectin-9 modulates HIV transcription. 27253379 0 87 theme HIV 41:43 arg1 Transcription 45:57 HIV Transcription 41:57 HIV Transcription 41:57 Human Galectin-9 Is a Potent Mediator of HIV Transcription and Reactivation. 27253379 7 88 theme viral 1247:1251 arg1 reactivation 1253:1264 latent viral reactivation 1240:1264 latent viral reactivation 1240:1264 Beyond latent viral reactivation, rGal-9 induces robust expression of the host antiviral deaminase APOBEC3G in vitro and ex vivo (FDR<0.006) and significantly reduces infectivity of progeny virus, decreasing the probability that the HIV reservoir will be replenished when latency is reversed therapeutically. 27253379 8 89 from RNA 1685:1687 arg1 p<0.02 1706:1711 p<0.02 1706:1711 p<0.02 1706:1711 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 8 89 from RNA 1685:1687 arg1 cells 1699:1703 CD4+ T cells 1692:1703 CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) 1692:1712 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 8 90 theme individuals 1638:1648 arg1 plasma 1597:1602 the plasma 1593:1602 the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals 1593:1648 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 8 91 theme galectin-9 1579:1588 arg1 levels 1561:1566 endogenous levels 1550:1566 endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals 1550:1648 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 3 92 theme HIV 652:654 arg1 model 664:668 the J-Lat HIV latency model 642:668 the J-Lat HIV latency model 642:668 We report that the administration of a recombinant, stable form of galectin-9 (rGal-9) potently reverses HIV latency in vitro in the J-Lat HIV latency model. 27253379 4 93 theme ART-suppressed 763:776 arg1 p 791:791 p = 0.002 791:799 p = 0.002 791:799 Furthermore, rGal-9 reverses HIV latency ex vivo in primary CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected, ART-suppressed individuals (p = 0.002), more potently than vorinostat (p = 0.02). 27253379 4 93 theme ART-suppressed 763:776 arg1 individuals 778:788 HIV-infected, ART-suppressed individuals 749:788 individuals 778:788 Furthermore, rGal-9 reverses HIV latency ex vivo in primary CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected, ART-suppressed individuals (p = 0.002), more potently than vorinostat (p = 0.02). 27253379 5 94 theme synergistic 943:953 arg1 p<0.05 965:970 p<0.05 965:970 p<0.05 965:970 rGal-9 co-administration with the latency reversal agent "JQ1", a bromodomain inhibitor, exhibits synergistic activity (p<0.05). 27253379 5 94 theme synergistic 943:953 arg1 activity 955:962 synergistic activity 943:962 synergistic activity (p<0.05) 943:971 rGal-9 co-administration with the latency reversal agent "JQ1", a bromodomain inhibitor, exhibits synergistic activity (p<0.05). 27253379 6 95 theme cell 1061:1064 arg1 surface 1066:1072 the T cell surface 1055:1072 the T cell surface 1055:1072 rGal-9 signals through N-linked oligosaccharides and O-linked hexasaccharides on the T cell surface, modulating the gene expression levels of key transcription initiation, promoter proximal-pausing, and chromatin remodeling factors that regulate HIV latency. 27253379 7 96 theme host 1307:1310 arg1 APOBEC3G 1332:1339 the host antiviral deaminase APOBEC3G 1303:1339 the host antiviral deaminase APOBEC3G 1303:1339 Beyond latent viral reactivation, rGal-9 induces robust expression of the host antiviral deaminase APOBEC3G in vitro and ex vivo (FDR<0.006) and significantly reduces infectivity of progeny virus, decreasing the probability that the HIV reservoir will be replenished when latency is reversed therapeutically. 27253379 8 97 from cells 1699:1703 arg1 levels 1671:1676 levels 1671:1676 levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) 1671:1712 Lastly, endogenous levels of soluble galectin-9 in the plasma of 72 HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals were associated with levels of HIV RNA in CD4+ T cells (p<0.02) and with the quantity and binding avidity of circulating anti-HIV antibodies (p<0.009), suggesting a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy. 27253379 2 98 theme published 336:344 arg1 data 346:349 published data 336:349 published data demonstrating that the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 regulates p21 336:449 Based on our recent finding that the host factor p21 regulates HIV transcription during antiretroviral therapy (ART), and published data demonstrating that the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 regulates p21, we hypothesized that galectin-9 modulates HIV transcription. 27768845 8 0 link C-linked 1779:1786 arg1 lesion 1800:1805 the C-linked OTA-derived lesion 1775:1805 the C-linked OTA-derived lesion 1775:1805 Finally, the C-linked OTA-derived lesion exhibits the greatest conformational flexibility in duplexes, which provides structural explanations for observed outcomes in OTA-exposed cells. 27768845 9 1 theme C8 2102:2103 arg1 linkage 2105:2111 C8 linkage 2102:2111 C8 linkage 2102:2111 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 9 2 theme bulky 2168:2172 arg1 moiety 2174:2179 the bulky moiety 2164:2179 the bulky moiety 2164:2179 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 4 3 theme structural 854:863 arg1 preferences 865:875 the structural preferences 850:875 the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence 850:931 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 4 4 theme NMR 1011:1013 arg1 spectroscopy 1015:1026 19F NMR spectroscopy 1007:1026 19F NMR spectroscopy 1007:1026 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 3 5 theme aryl 695:698 arg1 adducts 706:712 O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts 673:712 O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts 673:712 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 3 5 theme aryl 695:698 arg1 lesions 725:731 lesions 725:731 lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA) 725:829 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 2 6 link O-linked 442:449 arg1 lesions 451:457 O-linked lesions 442:457 O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology 442:488 Although the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts have focused on lesions containing a C8-N-C tether between the bulky moiety and the nucleobase, the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity have also been uncovered. 27768845 3 7 dep impact 646:651 arg1 the 631:633 the 631:633 the 631:633 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 2 8 link C-linked 494:501 arg1 adducts 503:509 C-linked adducts 494:509 C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity 494:544 Although the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts have focused on lesions containing a C8-N-C tether between the bulky moiety and the nucleobase, the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity have also been uncovered. 27768845 9 9 theme adduct 2186:2191 arg1 state 2204:2208 the adduct ionization state 2182:2208 the adduct ionization state 2182:2208 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 8 10 theme OTA-exposed 1933:1943 arg1 cells 1945:1949 OTA-exposed cells 1933:1949 OTA-exposed cells 1933:1949 Finally, the C-linked OTA-derived lesion exhibits the greatest conformational flexibility in duplexes, which provides structural explanations for observed outcomes in OTA-exposed cells. 27768845 7 11 gly heterogeneity 1694:1706 arg1 DNA 1720:1722 adducted DNA 1711:1722 adducted DNA 1711:1722 In contrast, the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct induces mismatches, while the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions lead to conformational heterogeneity of adducted DNA indicative of strong mutagenic potential. 27768845 2 12 from adducts 321:327 arg1 majority 292:299 the majority 288:299 the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts 288:327 Although the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts have focused on lesions containing a C8-N-C tether between the bulky moiety and the nucleobase, the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity have also been uncovered. 27768845 9 13 theme state 2204:2208 arg1 type 2094:2097 the type 2090:2097 the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context 2090:2234 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 1 14 theme intermediates 175:187 arg1 attack 165:170 the attack 161:170 the attack of intermediates derived from toxic substances at C8 of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) 161:249 The formation of DNA adducts by the attack of intermediates derived from toxic substances at C8 of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) is a common damaging event. 27768845 7 15 theme para-phenoxy-dG 1647:1661 arg1 lesions 1663:1669 the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions 1623:1669 the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions 1623:1669 In contrast, the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct induces mismatches, while the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions lead to conformational heterogeneity of adducted DNA indicative of strong mutagenic potential. 27768845 2 16 theme direct 521:526 arg1 connectivity 533:544 direct C8-C connectivity 521:544 direct C8-C connectivity 521:544 Although the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts have focused on lesions containing a C8-N-C tether between the bulky moiety and the nucleobase, the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity have also been uncovered. 27768845 9 17 theme conformational 1982:1995 arg1 preferences 1997:2007 the conformational preferences 1978:2007 the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts 1978:2063 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 3 18 theme adducts 706:712 arg1 mutagenicity 657:668 mutagenicity 657:668 mutagenicity 657:668 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 3 18 theme adducts 706:712 arg1 impact 646:651 structural impact 635:651 structural impact 635:651 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 9 19 theme O-linked 2027:2034 arg1 adducts 2057:2063 O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts 2027:2063 O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts 2027:2063 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 6 20 theme chloro 1496:1501 arg1 substitution 1503:1514 chloro substitution 1496:1514 chloro substitution 1496:1514 Although the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct preferentially induces a single duplex conformation and is replicated as per natural dG, chloro substitution blocks DNA replication. 27768845 7 21 theme ortho- 1636:1641 arg1 lesions 1663:1669 the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions 1623:1669 the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions 1623:1669 In contrast, the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct induces mismatches, while the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions lead to conformational heterogeneity of adducted DNA indicative of strong mutagenic potential. 27768845 2 22 theme adducts 503:509 arg1 formation 429:437 the formation 425:437 the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity 425:544 Although the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts have focused on lesions containing a C8-N-C tether between the bulky moiety and the nucleobase, the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity have also been uncovered. 27768845 4 23 theme functional 1066:1075 arg1 calculations 1084:1095 density functional theory calculations 1058:1095 density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels 1058:1148 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 9 24 theme adducted 2296:2303 arg1 DNA 2305:2307 adducted DNA 2296:2307 adducted DNA 2296:2307 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 3 25 theme unsubstituted 746:758 arg1 phenols 783:789 unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols 746:789 unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols 746:789 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 4 26 from duplexes 895:902 arg1 preferences 865:875 the structural preferences 850:875 the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence 850:931 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 3 27 theme Several 572:578 arg1 studies 580:586 Several studies 572:586 Several studies 572:586 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 8 28 theme C-linked 1779:1786 arg1 lesion 1800:1805 the C-linked OTA-derived lesion 1775:1805 the C-linked OTA-derived lesion 1775:1805 Finally, the C-linked OTA-derived lesion exhibits the greatest conformational flexibility in duplexes, which provides structural explanations for observed outcomes in OTA-exposed cells. 27768845 4 29 theme nucleotide 1132:1141 arg1 levels 1143:1148 the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels 1100:1148 levels 1143:1148 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 4 30 from adducts 884:890 arg1 duplexes 895:902 duplexes 895:902 duplexes containing the NarI sequence 895:931 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 4 31 theme adducts 884:890 arg1 preferences 865:875 the structural preferences 850:875 the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence 850:931 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 9 32 theme C-linked 2040:2047 arg1 adducts 2057:2063 O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts 2027:2063 O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts 2027:2063 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 9 33 from variation 1965:1973 arg1 preferences 1997:2007 the conformational preferences 1978:2007 the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts 1978:2063 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 9 34 theme profound 2245:2252 arg1 effects 2254:2260 profound effects 2245:2260 profound effects 2245:2260 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 1 35 from C8 222:223 arg1 substances 208:217 toxic substances 202:217 toxic substances at C8 of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) 202:249 The formation of DNA adducts by the attack of intermediates derived from toxic substances at C8 of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) is a common damaging event. 27768845 7 36 theme potential 1755:1763 arg1 indicative 1724:1733 indicative 1724:1733 indicative 1724:1733 In contrast, the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct induces mismatches, while the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions lead to conformational heterogeneity of adducted DNA indicative of strong mutagenic potential. 27768845 6 37 link O-linked 1380:1387 arg1 adduct 1400:1405 the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct 1360:1405 the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct 1360:1405 Although the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct preferentially induces a single duplex conformation and is replicated as per natural dG, chloro substitution blocks DNA replication. 27768845 6 37 link O-linked 1380:1387 arg1 dG 1492:1493 per natural dG 1480:1493 per natural dG 1480:1493 Although the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct preferentially induces a single duplex conformation and is replicated as per natural dG, chloro substitution blocks DNA replication. 27768845 3 38 theme chloro-substituted 764:781 arg1 phenols 783:789 unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols 746:789 unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols 746:789 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 0 39 theme DNA 64:66 arg1 Adducts 68:74 O-Linked and C-Linked Guanine DNA Adducts 34:74 O-Linked and C-Linked Guanine DNA Adducts 34:74 Understanding the Mutagenicity of O-Linked and C-Linked Guanine DNA Adducts: A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach. 27768845 8 40 theme conformational 1829:1842 arg1 flexibility 1844:1854 the greatest conformational flexibility 1816:1854 the greatest conformational flexibility 1816:1854 Finally, the C-linked OTA-derived lesion exhibits the greatest conformational flexibility in duplexes, which provides structural explanations for observed outcomes in OTA-exposed cells. 27768845 1 41 theme DNA 146:148 arg1 adducts 150:156 DNA adducts 146:156 DNA adducts 146:156 The formation of DNA adducts by the attack of intermediates derived from toxic substances at C8 of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) is a common damaging event. 27768845 7 42 theme strong 1738:1743 arg1 potential 1755:1763 strong mutagenic potential 1738:1763 strong mutagenic potential 1738:1763 In contrast, the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct induces mismatches, while the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions lead to conformational heterogeneity of adducted DNA indicative of strong mutagenic potential. 27768845 7 43 theme phenyl-dG 1580:1588 arg1 adduct 1590:1595 the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct 1553:1595 the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct 1553:1595 In contrast, the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct induces mismatches, while the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions lead to conformational heterogeneity of adducted DNA indicative of strong mutagenic potential. 27768845 2 44 theme lesions 451:457 arg1 formation 429:437 the formation 425:437 the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity 425:544 Although the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts have focused on lesions containing a C8-N-C tether between the bulky moiety and the nucleobase, the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity have also been uncovered. 27768845 3 45 theme ochratoxin 812:821 arg1 OTA 826:828 OTA 826:828 OTA 826:828 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 3 45 theme ochratoxin 812:821 arg1 A 823:823 the food mutagen ochratoxin A 795:823 the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA) 795:829 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 2 46 with lesions 451:457 arg1 topology 481:488 a similar tether topology 464:488 a similar tether topology 464:488 Although the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts have focused on lesions containing a C8-N-C tether between the bulky moiety and the nucleobase, the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity have also been uncovered. 27768845 9 47 from context 2228:2234 arg1 moiety 2174:2179 the bulky moiety 2164:2179 the bulky moiety 2164:2179 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 2 48 from majority 292:299 arg1 adducts 321:327 C8-dG adducts 315:327 C8-dG adducts 315:327 Although the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts have focused on lesions containing a C8-N-C tether between the bulky moiety and the nucleobase, the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity have also been uncovered. 27768845 7 49 theme unsubstituted 1557:1569 arg1 adduct 1590:1595 the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct 1553:1595 the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct 1553:1595 In contrast, the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct induces mismatches, while the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions lead to conformational heterogeneity of adducted DNA indicative of strong mutagenic potential. 27768845 4 50 theme duplexes 1197:1204 arg1 simulations 1173:1183 molecular dynamics simulations 1154:1183 molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes 1154:1204 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 4 50 theme duplexes 1197:1204 arg1 calculations 1084:1095 density functional theory calculations 1058:1095 density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels 1058:1148 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 5 51 theme adducts 1234:1240 arg1 replication 1212:1222 The replication 1208:1222 The replication of select adducts 1208:1240 The replication of select adducts has also been investigated using primer-elongation assays, and model high-fidelity and Y-family polymerases. 27768845 3 52 theme food 799:802 arg1 OTA 826:828 OTA 826:828 OTA 826:828 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 3 52 theme food 799:802 arg1 A 823:823 the food mutagen ochratoxin A 795:823 the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA) 795:829 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 0 53 theme Combined 79:86 arg1 Approach 119:126 A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach 77:126 A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach 77:126 Understanding the Mutagenicity of O-Linked and C-Linked Guanine DNA Adducts: A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach. 27768845 7 54 theme adducted 1711:1718 arg1 DNA 1720:1722 adducted DNA 1711:1722 adducted DNA 1711:1722 In contrast, the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct induces mismatches, while the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions lead to conformational heterogeneity of adducted DNA indicative of strong mutagenic potential. 27768845 5 55 theme model 1305:1309 arg1 high-fidelity 1311:1323 model high-fidelity and Y-family polymerases 1305:1348 high-fidelity 1311:1323 The replication of select adducts has also been investigated using primer-elongation assays, and model high-fidelity and Y-family polymerases. 27768845 9 56 theme DNA 2305:2307 arg1 outcomes 2284:2291 the conformational outcomes 2265:2291 the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin 2265:2366 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 4 57 dep chemistry 1047:1055 arg1 simulations 1173:1183 molecular dynamics simulations 1154:1183 molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes 1154:1204 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 4 57 dep chemistry 1047:1055 arg1 calculations 1084:1095 density functional theory calculations 1058:1095 density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels 1058:1148 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 4 58 theme dynamics 1164:1171 arg1 simulations 1173:1183 molecular dynamics simulations 1154:1183 molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes 1154:1204 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 6 59 theme single 1432:1437 arg1 conformation 1446:1457 a single duplex conformation 1430:1457 a single duplex conformation 1430:1457 Although the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct preferentially induces a single duplex conformation and is replicated as per natural dG, chloro substitution blocks DNA replication. 27768845 4 60 contain containing 904:913 arg1 duplexes 895:902 duplexes 895:902 duplexes containing the NarI sequence 895:931 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 4 60 contain containing 904:913 arg2 sequence 924:931 the NarI sequence 915:931 the NarI sequence 915:931 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 8 61 from outcomes 1921:1928 arg1 cells 1945:1949 OTA-exposed cells 1933:1949 OTA-exposed cells 1933:1949 Finally, the C-linked OTA-derived lesion exhibits the greatest conformational flexibility in duplexes, which provides structural explanations for observed outcomes in OTA-exposed cells. 27768845 9 62 theme linkage 2105:2111 arg1 type 2094:2097 the type 2090:2097 the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context 2090:2234 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 5 63 theme primer-elongation 1275:1291 arg1 assays 1293:1298 primer-elongation assays 1275:1298 primer-elongation assays 1275:1298 The replication of select adducts has also been investigated using primer-elongation assays, and model high-fidelity and Y-family polymerases. 27768845 2 64 theme bulky 392:396 arg1 moiety 398:403 the bulky moiety 388:403 the bulky moiety 388:403 Although the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts have focused on lesions containing a C8-N-C tether between the bulky moiety and the nucleobase, the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity have also been uncovered. 27768845 9 65 theme aryl-dG 2049:2055 arg1 adducts 2057:2063 O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts 2027:2063 O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts 2027:2063 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 1 66 theme damaging 263:270 arg1 event 272:276 a common damaging event 254:276 a common damaging event 254:276 The formation of DNA adducts by the attack of intermediates derived from toxic substances at C8 of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) is a common damaging event. 27768845 1 66 theme damaging 263:270 arg1 formation 133:141 The formation 129:141 The formation of DNA adducts by the attack of intermediates derived from toxic substances at C8 of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) 129:249 The formation of DNA adducts by the attack of intermediates derived from toxic substances at C8 of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) is a common damaging event. 27768845 4 67 theme UV-vis 976:981 arg1 CD 984:985 CD 984:985 CD 984:985 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 3 68 link C-linked 686:693 arg1 adducts 706:712 O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts 673:712 O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts 673:712 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 3 68 link C-linked 686:693 arg1 lesions 725:731 lesions 725:731 lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA) 725:829 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 0 69 theme O-Linked 34:41 arg1 Adducts 68:74 O-Linked and C-Linked Guanine DNA Adducts 34:74 O-Linked and C-Linked Guanine DNA Adducts 34:74 Understanding the Mutagenicity of O-Linked and C-Linked Guanine DNA Adducts: A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach. 27768845 2 70 dep topology 481:488 arg1 tether 474:479 tether 474:479 tether 474:479 Although the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts have focused on lesions containing a C8-N-C tether between the bulky moiety and the nucleobase, the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity have also been uncovered. 27768845 9 71 from moiety 2174:2179 arg1 type 2094:2097 the type 2090:2097 the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context 2090:2234 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 9 72 contain have 2240:2243 arg2 effects 2254:2260 profound effects 2245:2260 profound effects 2245:2260 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 9 72 contain have 2240:2243 arg1 type 2094:2097 the type 2090:2097 the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context 2090:2234 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 6 73 theme unsubstituted 1365:1377 arg1 adduct 1400:1405 the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct 1360:1405 the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct 1360:1405 Although the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct preferentially induces a single duplex conformation and is replicated as per natural dG, chloro substitution blocks DNA replication. 27768845 6 73 theme unsubstituted 1365:1377 arg1 dG 1492:1493 per natural dG 1480:1493 per natural dG 1480:1493 Although the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct preferentially induces a single duplex conformation and is replicated as per natural dG, chloro substitution blocks DNA replication. 27768845 2 74 theme C8-dG 315:319 arg1 adducts 321:327 C8-dG adducts 315:327 C8-dG adducts 315:327 Although the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts have focused on lesions containing a C8-N-C tether between the bulky moiety and the nucleobase, the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity have also been uncovered. 27768845 0 75 theme C-Linked 47:54 arg1 Adducts 68:74 O-Linked and C-Linked Guanine DNA Adducts 34:74 O-Linked and C-Linked Guanine DNA Adducts 34:74 Understanding the Mutagenicity of O-Linked and C-Linked Guanine DNA Adducts: A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach. 27768845 9 76 from linkage 2105:2111 arg1 moiety 2174:2179 the bulky moiety 2164:2179 the bulky moiety 2164:2179 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 1 77 attach derived 189:195 arg2 intermediates 175:187 intermediates 175:187 intermediates derived from toxic substances at C8 of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) 175:249 The formation of DNA adducts by the attack of intermediates derived from toxic substances at C8 of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) is a common damaging event. 27768845 1 77 attach derived 189:195 arg1 substances 208:217 toxic substances 202:217 toxic substances at C8 of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) 202:249 The formation of DNA adducts by the attack of intermediates derived from toxic substances at C8 of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) is a common damaging event. 27768845 2 78 theme studies 304:310 arg1 majority 292:299 the majority 288:299 the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts 288:327 Although the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts have focused on lesions containing a C8-N-C tether between the bulky moiety and the nucleobase, the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity have also been uncovered. 27768845 6 79 theme natural 1484:1490 arg1 adduct 1400:1405 the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct 1360:1405 the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct 1360:1405 Although the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct preferentially induces a single duplex conformation and is replicated as per natural dG, chloro substitution blocks DNA replication. 27768845 6 79 theme natural 1484:1490 arg1 dG 1492:1493 per natural dG 1480:1493 per natural dG 1480:1493 Although the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct preferentially induces a single duplex conformation and is replicated as per natural dG, chloro substitution blocks DNA replication. 27768845 9 80 theme groups 2154:2159 arg1 presence 2118:2125 presence 2118:2125 presence 2118:2125 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 9 80 theme groups 2154:2159 arg1 context 2228:2234 the sequence context 2215:2234 the sequence context 2215:2234 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 9 80 theme groups 2154:2159 arg1 state 2204:2208 the adduct ionization state 2182:2208 the adduct ionization state 2182:2208 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 9 80 theme groups 2154:2159 arg1 location 2131:2138 location 2131:2138 location 2131:2138 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 9 80 theme groups 2154:2159 arg1 linkage 2105:2111 C8 linkage 2102:2111 C8 linkage 2102:2111 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 2 81 dep C8-N-C 366:371 arg1 tether 373:378 tether 373:378 tether 373:378 Although the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts have focused on lesions containing a C8-N-C tether between the bulky moiety and the nucleobase, the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity have also been uncovered. 27768845 6 82 theme phenoxy-dG 1389:1398 arg1 adduct 1400:1405 the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct 1360:1405 the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct 1360:1405 Although the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct preferentially induces a single duplex conformation and is replicated as per natural dG, chloro substitution blocks DNA replication. 27768845 6 82 theme phenoxy-dG 1389:1398 arg1 dG 1492:1493 per natural dG 1480:1493 per natural dG 1480:1493 Although the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct preferentially induces a single duplex conformation and is replicated as per natural dG, chloro substitution blocks DNA replication. 27768845 0 83 dep Understanding 0:12 arg1 Approach 119:126 A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach 77:126 A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach 77:126 Understanding the Mutagenicity of O-Linked and C-Linked Guanine DNA Adducts: A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach. 27768845 4 84 theme 19F 1007:1009 arg1 spectroscopy 1015:1026 19F NMR spectroscopy 1007:1026 19F NMR spectroscopy 1007:1026 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 3 85 theme O-linked 673:680 arg1 adducts 706:712 O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts 673:712 O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts 673:712 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 3 85 theme O-linked 673:680 arg1 lesions 725:731 lesions 725:731 lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA) 725:829 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 8 86 theme observed 1912:1919 arg1 outcomes 1921:1928 observed outcomes 1912:1928 observed outcomes in OTA-exposed cells 1912:1949 Finally, the C-linked OTA-derived lesion exhibits the greatest conformational flexibility in duplexes, which provides structural explanations for observed outcomes in OTA-exposed cells. 27768845 9 87 theme ionization 2193:2202 arg1 state 2204:2208 the adduct ionization state 2182:2208 the adduct ionization state 2182:2208 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 2 88 from studies 304:310 arg1 adducts 321:327 C8-dG adducts 315:327 C8-dG adducts 315:327 Although the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts have focused on lesions containing a C8-N-C tether between the bulky moiety and the nucleobase, the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity have also been uncovered. 27768845 4 89 theme optical 954:960 arg1 spectroscopy 962:973 optical spectroscopy 954:973 optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence) 954:1004 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 3 90 theme C8-dG 700:704 arg1 adducts 706:712 O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts 673:712 O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts 673:712 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 3 90 theme C8-dG 700:704 arg1 lesions 725:731 lesions 725:731 lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA) 725:829 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 6 91 theme O-linked 1380:1387 arg1 adduct 1400:1405 the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct 1360:1405 the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct 1360:1405 Although the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct preferentially induces a single duplex conformation and is replicated as per natural dG, chloro substitution blocks DNA replication. 27768845 6 91 theme O-linked 1380:1387 arg1 dG 1492:1493 per natural dG 1480:1493 per natural dG 1480:1493 Although the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct preferentially induces a single duplex conformation and is replicated as per natural dG, chloro substitution blocks DNA replication. 27768845 9 92 theme conformational 2269:2282 arg1 outcomes 2284:2291 the conformational outcomes 2265:2291 the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin 2265:2366 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 4 93 theme nucleobase 1104:1113 arg1 nucleoside 1116:1125 the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels 1100:1148 nucleoside 1116:1125 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 3 94 theme C-linked 686:693 arg1 adducts 706:712 O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts 673:712 O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts 673:712 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 3 94 theme C-linked 686:693 arg1 lesions 725:731 lesions 725:731 lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA) 725:829 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 9 95 from state 2204:2208 arg1 moiety 2174:2179 the bulky moiety 2164:2179 the bulky moiety 2164:2179 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 6 96 theme DNA 1523:1525 arg1 replication 1527:1537 DNA replication 1523:1537 DNA replication 1523:1537 Although the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct preferentially induces a single duplex conformation and is replicated as per natural dG, chloro substitution blocks DNA replication. 27768845 9 97 contain containing 2016:2025 arg1 DNA 2012:2014 DNA 2012:2014 DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts 2012:2063 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 9 97 contain containing 2016:2025 arg2 adducts 2057:2063 O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts 2027:2063 O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts 2027:2063 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 4 98 theme density 1058:1064 arg1 calculations 1084:1095 density functional theory calculations 1058:1095 density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels 1058:1148 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 7 99 theme C-linked 1627:1634 arg1 lesions 1663:1669 the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions 1623:1669 the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions 1623:1669 In contrast, the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct induces mismatches, while the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions lead to conformational heterogeneity of adducted DNA indicative of strong mutagenic potential. 27768845 4 100 theme theory 1077:1082 arg1 calculations 1084:1095 density functional theory calculations 1058:1095 density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels 1058:1148 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 2 101 contain containing 353:362 arg1 lesions 345:351 lesions 345:351 lesions containing a C8-N-C tether between the bulky moiety and the nucleobase 345:422 Although the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts have focused on lesions containing a C8-N-C tether between the bulky moiety and the nucleobase, the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity have also been uncovered. 27768845 2 101 contain containing 353:362 arg2 C8-N-C 366:371 C8-N-C 366:371 C8-N-C 366:371 Although the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts have focused on lesions containing a C8-N-C tether between the bulky moiety and the nucleobase, the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity have also been uncovered. 27768845 1 102 theme toxic 202:206 arg1 substances 208:217 toxic substances 202:217 toxic substances at C8 of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) 202:249 The formation of DNA adducts by the attack of intermediates derived from toxic substances at C8 of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) is a common damaging event. 27768845 9 103 link O-linked 2027:2034 arg1 adducts 2057:2063 O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts 2027:2063 O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts 2027:2063 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 2 104 theme C-linked 494:501 arg1 adducts 503:509 C-linked adducts 494:509 C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity 494:544 Although the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts have focused on lesions containing a C8-N-C tether between the bulky moiety and the nucleobase, the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity have also been uncovered. 27768845 9 105 theme DNA 2012:2014 arg1 preferences 1997:2007 the conformational preferences 1978:2007 the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts 1978:2063 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 9 106 theme context 2228:2234 arg1 type 2094:2097 the type 2090:2097 the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context 2090:2234 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 4 107 dep spectroscopy 962:973 arg1 CD 984:985 CD 984:985 CD 984:985 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 4 107 dep spectroscopy 962:973 arg1 fluorescence 992:1003 fluorescence 992:1003 fluorescence 992:1003 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 4 108 theme molecular 1154:1162 arg1 simulations 1173:1183 molecular dynamics simulations 1154:1183 molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes 1154:1204 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 9 109 from presence 2118:2125 arg1 moiety 2174:2179 the bulky moiety 2164:2179 the bulky moiety 2164:2179 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 8 110 theme OTA-derived 1788:1798 arg1 lesion 1800:1805 the C-linked OTA-derived lesion 1775:1805 the C-linked OTA-derived lesion 1775:1805 Finally, the C-linked OTA-derived lesion exhibits the greatest conformational flexibility in duplexes, which provides structural explanations for observed outcomes in OTA-exposed cells. 27768845 9 111 dep presence 2118:2125 arg1 the 2114:2116 the 2114:2116 the 2114:2116 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 2 112 theme C8-C 528:531 arg1 connectivity 533:544 direct C8-C connectivity 521:544 direct C8-C connectivity 521:544 Although the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts have focused on lesions containing a C8-N-C tether between the bulky moiety and the nucleobase, the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity have also been uncovered. 27768845 7 113 link C-linked 1627:1634 arg1 lesions 1663:1669 the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions 1623:1669 the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions 1623:1669 In contrast, the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct induces mismatches, while the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions lead to conformational heterogeneity of adducted DNA indicative of strong mutagenic potential. 27768845 8 114 from flexibility 1844:1854 arg1 duplexes 1859:1866 duplexes 1859:1866 duplexes 1859:1866 Finally, the C-linked OTA-derived lesion exhibits the greatest conformational flexibility in duplexes, which provides structural explanations for observed outcomes in OTA-exposed cells. 27768845 9 115 theme toxin 2362:2366 arg1 activity 2337:2344 the activity 2333:2344 the activity of the original toxin 2333:2366 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 0 116 theme Adducts 68:74 arg1 Mutagenicity 18:29 the Mutagenicity 14:29 the Mutagenicity of O-Linked and C-Linked Guanine DNA Adducts 14:74 Understanding the Mutagenicity of O-Linked and C-Linked Guanine DNA Adducts: A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach. 27768845 4 117 from preferences 865:875 arg1 duplexes 895:902 duplexes 895:902 duplexes containing the NarI sequence 895:931 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 7 118 theme C-linked 1571:1578 arg1 adduct 1590:1595 the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct 1553:1595 the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct 1553:1595 In contrast, the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct induces mismatches, while the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions lead to conformational heterogeneity of adducted DNA indicative of strong mutagenic potential. 27768845 9 119 from location 2131:2138 arg1 moiety 2174:2179 the bulky moiety 2164:2179 the bulky moiety 2164:2179 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 9 120 link C-linked 2040:2047 arg1 adducts 2057:2063 O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts 2027:2063 O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts 2027:2063 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 7 121 theme indicative 1724:1733 arg1 heterogeneity 1694:1706 conformational heterogeneity 1679:1706 conformational heterogeneity of adducted DNA indicative of strong mutagenic potential 1679:1763 In contrast, the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct induces mismatches, while the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions lead to conformational heterogeneity of adducted DNA indicative of strong mutagenic potential. 27768845 8 122 theme greatest 1820:1827 arg1 flexibility 1844:1854 the greatest conformational flexibility 1816:1854 the greatest conformational flexibility 1816:1854 Finally, the C-linked OTA-derived lesion exhibits the greatest conformational flexibility in duplexes, which provides structural explanations for observed outcomes in OTA-exposed cells. 27768845 1 123 theme adducts 150:156 arg1 event 272:276 a common damaging event 254:276 a common damaging event 254:276 The formation of DNA adducts by the attack of intermediates derived from toxic substances at C8 of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) is a common damaging event. 27768845 1 123 theme adducts 150:156 arg1 formation 133:141 The formation 129:141 The formation of DNA adducts by the attack of intermediates derived from toxic substances at C8 of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) 129:249 The formation of DNA adducts by the attack of intermediates derived from toxic substances at C8 of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) is a common damaging event. 27768845 7 124 theme mutagenic 1745:1753 arg1 potential 1755:1763 strong mutagenic potential 1738:1763 strong mutagenic potential 1738:1763 In contrast, the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct induces mismatches, while the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions lead to conformational heterogeneity of adducted DNA indicative of strong mutagenic potential. 27768845 2 125 theme O-linked 442:449 arg1 lesions 451:457 O-linked lesions 442:457 O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology 442:488 Although the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts have focused on lesions containing a C8-N-C tether between the bulky moiety and the nucleobase, the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity have also been uncovered. 27768845 5 126 theme select 1227:1232 arg1 adducts 1234:1240 select adducts 1227:1240 select adducts 1227:1240 The replication of select adducts has also been investigated using primer-elongation assays, and model high-fidelity and Y-family polymerases. 27768845 0 127 theme Experimental 88:99 arg1 Approach 119:126 A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach 77:126 A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach 77:126 Understanding the Mutagenicity of O-Linked and C-Linked Guanine DNA Adducts: A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach. 27768845 4 128 theme NarI 919:922 arg1 sequence 924:931 the NarI sequence 915:931 the NarI sequence 915:931 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 3 129 theme mutagen 804:810 arg1 OTA 826:828 OTA 826:828 OTA 826:828 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 3 129 theme mutagen 804:810 arg1 A 823:823 the food mutagen ochratoxin A 795:823 the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA) 795:829 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 0 130 theme Computational 105:117 arg1 Approach 119:126 A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach 77:126 A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach 77:126 Understanding the Mutagenicity of O-Linked and C-Linked Guanine DNA Adducts: A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach. 27768845 7 131 theme DNA 1720:1722 arg1 heterogeneity 1694:1706 conformational heterogeneity 1679:1706 conformational heterogeneity of adducted DNA indicative of strong mutagenic potential 1679:1763 In contrast, the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct induces mismatches, while the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions lead to conformational heterogeneity of adducted DNA indicative of strong mutagenic potential. 27768845 2 132 theme similar 466:472 arg1 topology 481:488 a similar tether topology 464:488 a similar tether topology 464:488 Although the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts have focused on lesions containing a C8-N-C tether between the bulky moiety and the nucleobase, the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity have also been uncovered. 27768845 7 133 link C-linked 1571:1578 arg1 adduct 1590:1595 the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct 1553:1595 the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct 1553:1595 In contrast, the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct induces mismatches, while the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions lead to conformational heterogeneity of adducted DNA indicative of strong mutagenic potential. 27768845 6 134 theme duplex 1439:1444 arg1 conformation 1446:1457 a single duplex conformation 1430:1457 a single duplex conformation 1430:1457 Although the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct preferentially induces a single duplex conformation and is replicated as per natural dG, chloro substitution blocks DNA replication. 27768845 4 135 theme adducted 1188:1195 arg1 duplexes 1197:1204 adducted duplexes 1188:1204 adducted duplexes 1188:1204 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 1 136 theme common 256:261 arg1 event 272:276 a common damaging event 254:276 a common damaging event 254:276 The formation of DNA adducts by the attack of intermediates derived from toxic substances at C8 of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) is a common damaging event. 27768845 1 136 theme common 256:261 arg1 formation 133:141 The formation 129:141 The formation of DNA adducts by the attack of intermediates derived from toxic substances at C8 of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) 129:249 The formation of DNA adducts by the attack of intermediates derived from toxic substances at C8 of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) is a common damaging event. 27768845 8 137 theme structural 1884:1893 arg1 explanations 1895:1906 structural explanations 1884:1906 structural explanations for observed outcomes in OTA-exposed cells 1884:1949 Finally, the C-linked OTA-derived lesion exhibits the greatest conformational flexibility in duplexes, which provides structural explanations for observed outcomes in OTA-exposed cells. 27768845 7 138 theme conformational 1679:1692 arg1 heterogeneity 1694:1706 conformational heterogeneity 1679:1706 conformational heterogeneity of adducted DNA indicative of strong mutagenic potential 1679:1763 In contrast, the unsubstituted C-linked phenyl-dG adduct induces mismatches, while the C-linked ortho- and para-phenoxy-dG lesions lead to conformational heterogeneity of adducted DNA indicative of strong mutagenic potential. 27768845 3 139 link O-linked 673:680 arg1 adducts 706:712 O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts 673:712 O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts 673:712 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 3 139 link O-linked 673:680 arg1 lesions 725:731 lesions 725:731 lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA) 725:829 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 9 140 attach presence 2118:2125 arg2 groups 2154:2159 functional groups 2143:2159 functional groups 2143:2159 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 9 140 attach presence 2118:2125 arg1 moiety 2174:2179 the bulky moiety 2164:2179 the bulky moiety 2164:2179 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 9 141 theme presence 2118:2125 arg1 type 2094:2097 the type 2090:2097 the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context 2090:2234 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 0 142 theme Guanine 56:62 arg1 Adducts 68:74 O-Linked and C-Linked Guanine DNA Adducts 34:74 O-Linked and C-Linked Guanine DNA Adducts 34:74 Understanding the Mutagenicity of O-Linked and C-Linked Guanine DNA Adducts: A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach. 27768845 9 143 theme sequence 2219:2226 arg1 context 2228:2234 the sequence context 2215:2234 the sequence context 2215:2234 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 8 144 link OTA-derived 1788:1798 arg1 lesion 1800:1805 the C-linked OTA-derived lesion 1775:1805 the C-linked OTA-derived lesion 1775:1805 Finally, the C-linked OTA-derived lesion exhibits the greatest conformational flexibility in duplexes, which provides structural explanations for observed outcomes in OTA-exposed cells. 27768845 4 145 from levels 1143:1148 arg1 simulations 1173:1183 molecular dynamics simulations 1154:1183 molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes 1154:1204 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 4 145 from levels 1143:1148 arg1 calculations 1084:1095 density functional theory calculations 1058:1095 density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels 1058:1148 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 3 146 theme structural 635:644 arg1 impact 646:651 structural impact 635:651 structural impact 635:651 Several studies have been done to try to better understand the structural impact and mutagenicity of O-linked and C-linked aryl C8-dG adducts, including lesions arising from unsubstituted and chloro-substituted phenols and the food mutagen ochratoxin A (OTA). 27768845 9 147 theme original 2353:2360 arg1 toxin 2362:2366 the original toxin 2349:2366 the original toxin 2349:2366 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 2 148 with adducts 503:509 arg1 topology 481:488 a similar tether topology 464:488 a similar tether topology 464:488 Although the majority of studies on C8-dG adducts have focused on lesions containing a C8-N-C tether between the bulky moiety and the nucleobase, the formation of O-linked lesions with a similar tether topology and C-linked adducts involving direct C8-C connectivity have also been uncovered. 27768845 9 149 from type 2094:2097 arg1 moiety 2174:2179 the bulky moiety 2164:2179 the bulky moiety 2164:2179 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 9 150 theme functional 2143:2152 arg1 groups 2154:2159 functional groups 2143:2159 functional groups 2143:2159 Overall, the variation in the conformational preferences of DNA containing O-linked and C-linked aryl-dG adducts highlights the fact that the type of C8 linkage, the presence and location of functional groups in the bulky moiety, the adduct ionization state, and the sequence context can have profound effects on the conformational outcomes of adducted DNA, which directly dictate the activity of the original toxin. 27768845 5 151 theme Y-family 1329:1336 arg1 polymerases 1338:1348 model high-fidelity and Y-family polymerases 1305:1348 polymerases 1338:1348 The replication of select adducts has also been investigated using primer-elongation assays, and model high-fidelity and Y-family polymerases. 27768845 6 152 theme per 1480:1482 arg1 adduct 1400:1405 the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct 1360:1405 the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct 1360:1405 Although the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct preferentially induces a single duplex conformation and is replicated as per natural dG, chloro substitution blocks DNA replication. 27768845 6 152 theme per 1480:1482 arg1 dG 1492:1493 per natural dG 1480:1493 per natural dG 1480:1493 Although the (unsubstituted) O-linked phenoxy-dG adduct preferentially induces a single duplex conformation and is replicated as per natural dG, chloro substitution blocks DNA replication. 27768845 4 153 from nucleoside 1116:1125 arg1 simulations 1173:1183 molecular dynamics simulations 1154:1183 molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes 1154:1204 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 4 153 from nucleoside 1116:1125 arg1 calculations 1084:1095 density functional theory calculations 1058:1095 density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels 1058:1148 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 4 154 theme computational 1033:1045 arg1 chemistry 1047:1055 computational chemistry 1033:1055 computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes) 1033:1205 Information about the structural preferences of the adducts in duplexes containing the NarI sequence has been gained from optical spectroscopy (UV-vis, CD, and fluorescence), 19F NMR spectroscopy, and computational chemistry (density functional theory calculations at the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotide levels and molecular dynamics simulations of adducted duplexes). 27768845 1 155 theme 2'-deoxyguanosine 228:244 arg1 C8 222:223 C8 222:223 C8 of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) 222:249 The formation of DNA adducts by the attack of intermediates derived from toxic substances at C8 of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) is a common damaging event. 25875427 9 0 link O-linked 1201:1208 arg1 chains 1227:1232 the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains 1197:1232 the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains 1197:1232 Chemical removal of O-linked oligosaccharides from PRM abolished cytokine induction, suggesting that the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains are important moieties involved in inflammatory responses through the induction of TNF-α secretion. 25875427 9 0 link O-linked 1201:1208 arg1 moieties 1248:1255 important moieties 1238:1255 important moieties involved in inflammatory responses through the induction of TNF-α secretion 1238:1331 Chemical removal of O-linked oligosaccharides from PRM abolished cytokine induction, suggesting that the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains are important moieties involved in inflammatory responses through the induction of TNF-α secretion. 25875427 5 1 theme PRM 669:671 arg1 effect 659:664 The effect 655:664 The effect of PRM on conidia-induced macrophage killing 655:709 The effect of PRM on conidia-induced macrophage killing was examined using latex beads coated with PRM or de-O-glycosylated PRM. 25875427 9 2 link O-linked 1116:1123 arg1 oligosaccharides 1125:1140 O-linked oligosaccharides 1116:1140 O-linked oligosaccharides 1116:1140 Chemical removal of O-linked oligosaccharides from PRM abolished cytokine induction, suggesting that the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains are important moieties involved in inflammatory responses through the induction of TNF-α secretion. 25875427 1 3 theme conidia 350:356 arg1 phagocytosis 334:345 phagocytosis 334:345 phagocytosis 334:345 In this study, we analyze the importance of O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages. 25875427 1 3 theme conidia 350:356 arg1 recognition 318:328 recognition 318:328 recognition 318:328 In this study, we analyze the importance of O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages. 25875427 10 4 theme cytokines 1511:1519 arg1 killing 1452:1458 killing 1452:1458 killing of macrophages 1452:1473 In summary, we show that O-glycosylation plays a role in the recognition and uptake of S. prolificans by macrophages, killing of macrophages and production of pro- inflammatory cytokines. 25875427 10 4 theme cytokines 1511:1519 arg1 macrophages 1439:1449 macrophages 1439:1449 macrophages 1439:1449 In summary, we show that O-glycosylation plays a role in the recognition and uptake of S. prolificans by macrophages, killing of macrophages and production of pro- inflammatory cytokines. 25875427 10 4 theme cytokines 1511:1519 arg1 production 1479:1488 production 1479:1488 production of pro- inflammatory cytokines 1479:1519 In summary, we show that O-glycosylation plays a role in the recognition and uptake of S. prolificans by macrophages, killing of macrophages and production of pro- inflammatory cytokines. 25875427 9 5 theme important 1238:1246 arg1 chains 1227:1232 the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains 1197:1232 the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains 1197:1232 Chemical removal of O-linked oligosaccharides from PRM abolished cytokine induction, suggesting that the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains are important moieties involved in inflammatory responses through the induction of TNF-α secretion. 25875427 9 5 theme important 1238:1246 arg1 moieties 1248:1255 important moieties 1238:1255 important moieties involved in inflammatory responses through the induction of TNF-α secretion 1238:1331 Chemical removal of O-linked oligosaccharides from PRM abolished cytokine induction, suggesting that the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains are important moieties involved in inflammatory responses through the induction of TNF-α secretion. 25875427 10 6 theme pro- 1493:1496 arg1 cytokines 1511:1519 pro- inflammatory cytokines 1493:1519 pro- inflammatory cytokines 1493:1519 In summary, we show that O-glycosylation plays a role in the recognition and uptake of S. prolificans by macrophages, killing of macrophages and production of pro- inflammatory cytokines. 25875427 9 7 theme Chemical 1096:1103 arg1 removal 1105:1111 Chemical removal 1096:1111 Chemical removal of O-linked oligosaccharides from PRM 1096:1149 Chemical removal of O-linked oligosaccharides from PRM abolished cytokine induction, suggesting that the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains are important moieties involved in inflammatory responses through the induction of TNF-α secretion. 25875427 8 8 theme TNF-α 1066:1070 arg1 release 1072:1078 TNF-α release 1066:1078 TNF-α release by macrophages 1066:1093 In addition, PRM triggered TNF-α release by macrophages. 25875427 0 9 theme inflammatory 99:110 arg1 cytokines 112:120 inflammatory cytokines 99:120 inflammatory cytokines 99:120 O-glycosylation in cell wall proteins in Scedosporium prolificans is critical for phagocytosis and inflammatory cytokines production by macrophages. 25875427 0 10 from O-glycosylation 0:14 arg1 proteins 29:36 cell wall proteins 19:36 cell wall proteins in Scedosporium prolificans 19:64 O-glycosylation in cell wall proteins in Scedosporium prolificans is critical for phagocytosis and inflammatory cytokines production by macrophages. 25875427 1 11 link O-linked 193:200 arg1 oligosaccharides 202:217 O-linked oligosaccharides 193:217 O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages 193:371 In this study, we analyze the importance of O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages. 25875427 7 12 theme O-linked 997:1004 arg1 oligosaccharides 1006:1021 O-linked oligosaccharides 997:1021 O-linked oligosaccharides 997:1021 However, macrophage killing was unaffected when beads coated with de-O-glycosylated PRM were used, indicating the toxic effect of O-linked oligosaccharides on macrophages. 25875427 1 13 theme cell 265:268 arg1 wall 270:273 the cell wall 261:273 the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages 261:371 In this study, we analyze the importance of O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages. 25875427 5 14 theme macrophage 692:701 arg1 killing 703:709 conidia-induced macrophage killing 676:709 conidia-induced macrophage killing 676:709 The effect of PRM on conidia-induced macrophage killing was examined using latex beads coated with PRM or de-O-glycosylated PRM. 25875427 7 15 theme toxic 981:985 arg1 effect 987:992 the toxic effect 977:992 the toxic effect of O-linked oligosaccharides on macrophages 977:1036 However, macrophage killing was unaffected when beads coated with de-O-glycosylated PRM were used, indicating the toxic effect of O-linked oligosaccharides on macrophages. 25875427 6 16 from decrease 786:793 arg1 viability 809:817 macrophage viability 798:817 macrophage viability similar to that caused by conidia 798:851 A decrease in macrophage viability similar to that caused by conidia was detected. 25875427 5 17 theme de-O-glycosylated 761:777 arg1 PRM 779:781 de-O-glycosylated PRM 761:781 de-O-glycosylated PRM 761:781 The effect of PRM on conidia-induced macrophage killing was examined using latex beads coated with PRM or de-O-glycosylated PRM. 25875427 2 18 theme conidia 423:429 arg1 phagocytosis 431:442 conidia phagocytosis 423:442 conidia phagocytosis 423:442 Adding PRM led to a dose-dependent inhibition of conidia phagocytosis, whereas de-O-glycosylated PRM did not show any effect. 25875427 3 19 theme antimicrobial 546:558 arg1 compounds 560:568 macrophage-derived antimicrobial compounds 527:568 macrophage-derived antimicrobial compounds 527:568 PRM induced the release of macrophage-derived antimicrobial compounds. 25875427 9 20 theme O-linked 1116:1123 arg1 oligosaccharides 1125:1140 O-linked oligosaccharides 1116:1140 O-linked oligosaccharides 1116:1140 Chemical removal of O-linked oligosaccharides from PRM abolished cytokine induction, suggesting that the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains are important moieties involved in inflammatory responses through the induction of TNF-α secretion. 25875427 2 21 theme dose-dependent 394:407 arg1 inhibition 409:418 a dose-dependent inhibition 392:418 a dose-dependent inhibition of conidia phagocytosis 392:442 Adding PRM led to a dose-dependent inhibition of conidia phagocytosis, whereas de-O-glycosylated PRM did not show any effect. 25875427 7 22 link O-linked 997:1004 arg1 oligosaccharides 1006:1021 O-linked oligosaccharides 997:1021 O-linked oligosaccharides 997:1021 However, macrophage killing was unaffected when beads coated with de-O-glycosylated PRM were used, indicating the toxic effect of O-linked oligosaccharides on macrophages. 25875427 6 23 theme similar 819:825 arg1 viability 809:817 macrophage viability 798:817 macrophage viability similar to that caused by conidia 798:851 A decrease in macrophage viability similar to that caused by conidia was detected. 25875427 9 24 theme inflammatory 1269:1280 arg1 responses 1282:1290 inflammatory responses 1269:1290 inflammatory responses 1269:1290 Chemical removal of O-linked oligosaccharides from PRM abolished cytokine induction, suggesting that the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains are important moieties involved in inflammatory responses through the induction of TNF-α secretion. 25875427 3 25 theme compounds 560:568 arg1 release 516:522 the release 512:522 the release of macrophage-derived antimicrobial compounds 512:568 PRM induced the release of macrophage-derived antimicrobial compounds. 25875427 9 26 theme oligosaccharides 1125:1140 arg1 removal 1105:1111 Chemical removal 1096:1111 Chemical removal of O-linked oligosaccharides from PRM 1096:1149 Chemical removal of O-linked oligosaccharides from PRM abolished cytokine induction, suggesting that the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains are important moieties involved in inflammatory responses through the induction of TNF-α secretion. 25875427 0 27 from proteins 29:36 arg1 prolificans 54:64 Scedosporium prolificans 41:64 Scedosporium prolificans 41:64 O-glycosylation in cell wall proteins in Scedosporium prolificans is critical for phagocytosis and inflammatory cytokines production by macrophages. 25875427 5 28 from effect 659:664 arg1 killing 703:709 conidia-induced macrophage killing 676:709 conidia-induced macrophage killing 676:709 The effect of PRM on conidia-induced macrophage killing was examined using latex beads coated with PRM or de-O-glycosylated PRM. 25875427 0 29 dep phagocytosis 82:93 arg1 production 122:131 production 122:131 production by macrophages 122:146 O-glycosylation in cell wall proteins in Scedosporium prolificans is critical for phagocytosis and inflammatory cytokines production by macrophages. 25875427 7 30 theme macrophage 876:885 arg1 killing 887:893 macrophage killing 876:893 macrophage killing 876:893 However, macrophage killing was unaffected when beads coated with de-O-glycosylated PRM were used, indicating the toxic effect of O-linked oligosaccharides on macrophages. 25875427 2 31 theme de-O-glycosylated 453:469 arg1 PRM 471:473 de-O-glycosylated PRM 453:473 de-O-glycosylated PRM 453:473 Adding PRM led to a dose-dependent inhibition of conidia phagocytosis, whereas de-O-glycosylated PRM did not show any effect. 25875427 4 32 theme O-linked 580:587 arg1 oligosaccharides 589:604 O-linked oligosaccharides 580:604 O-linked oligosaccharides 580:604 However, O-linked oligosaccharides do not appear to be required for such induction. 25875427 10 33 theme prolificans 1424:1434 arg1 uptake 1411:1416 uptake 1411:1416 uptake 1411:1416 In summary, we show that O-glycosylation plays a role in the recognition and uptake of S. prolificans by macrophages, killing of macrophages and production of pro- inflammatory cytokines. 25875427 10 33 theme prolificans 1424:1434 arg1 recognition 1395:1405 recognition 1395:1405 recognition 1395:1405 In summary, we show that O-glycosylation plays a role in the recognition and uptake of S. prolificans by macrophages, killing of macrophages and production of pro- inflammatory cytokines. 25875427 10 34 dep recognition 1395:1405 arg1 the 1391:1393 the 1391:1393 the 1391:1393 In summary, we show that O-glycosylation plays a role in the recognition and uptake of S. prolificans by macrophages, killing of macrophages and production of pro- inflammatory cytokines. 25875427 9 35 theme oligosaccharidic 1210:1225 arg1 chains 1227:1232 the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains 1197:1232 the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains 1197:1232 Chemical removal of O-linked oligosaccharides from PRM abolished cytokine induction, suggesting that the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains are important moieties involved in inflammatory responses through the induction of TNF-α secretion. 25875427 9 35 theme oligosaccharidic 1210:1225 arg1 moieties 1248:1255 important moieties 1238:1255 important moieties involved in inflammatory responses through the induction of TNF-α secretion 1238:1331 Chemical removal of O-linked oligosaccharides from PRM abolished cytokine induction, suggesting that the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains are important moieties involved in inflammatory responses through the induction of TNF-α secretion. 25875427 0 36 theme wall 24:27 arg1 proteins 29:36 cell wall proteins 19:36 cell wall proteins in Scedosporium prolificans 19:64 O-glycosylation in cell wall proteins in Scedosporium prolificans is critical for phagocytosis and inflammatory cytokines production by macrophages. 25875427 5 37 theme latex 730:734 arg1 beads 736:740 latex beads 730:740 latex beads coated with PRM or de-O-glycosylated PRM 730:781 The effect of PRM on conidia-induced macrophage killing was examined using latex beads coated with PRM or de-O-glycosylated PRM. 25875427 6 38 theme macrophage 798:807 arg1 viability 809:817 macrophage viability 798:817 macrophage viability similar to that caused by conidia 798:851 A decrease in macrophage viability similar to that caused by conidia was detected. 25875427 7 39 used used 960:963 arg2 beads 915:919 beads 915:919 beads coated with de-O-glycosylated PRM 915:953 However, macrophage killing was unaffected when beads coated with de-O-glycosylated PRM were used, indicating the toxic effect of O-linked oligosaccharides on macrophages. 25875427 1 40 theme O-linked 193:200 arg1 oligosaccharides 202:217 O-linked oligosaccharides 193:217 O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages 193:371 In this study, we analyze the importance of O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages. 25875427 0 41 theme cell 19:22 arg1 proteins 29:36 cell wall proteins 19:36 cell wall proteins in Scedosporium prolificans 19:64 O-glycosylation in cell wall proteins in Scedosporium prolificans is critical for phagocytosis and inflammatory cytokines production by macrophages. 25875427 1 42 theme fungus 282:287 arg1 prolificans 302:312 the fungus Scedosporium prolificans 278:312 the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages 278:371 In this study, we analyze the importance of O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages. 25875427 1 43 from wall 270:273 arg1 PRM 251:253 PRM 251:253 PRM 251:253 In this study, we analyze the importance of O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages. 25875427 1 43 from wall 270:273 arg1 peptidorhamnomannan 230:248 peptidorhamnomannan 230:248 peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages 230:371 In this study, we analyze the importance of O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages. 25875427 5 44 gly de-O-glycosylated 761:777 arg1 PRM 779:781 de-O-glycosylated PRM 761:781 de-O-glycosylated PRM 761:781 The effect of PRM on conidia-induced macrophage killing was examined using latex beads coated with PRM or de-O-glycosylated PRM. 25875427 9 45 theme cytokine 1161:1168 arg1 induction 1170:1178 cytokine induction 1161:1178 cytokine induction 1161:1178 Chemical removal of O-linked oligosaccharides from PRM abolished cytokine induction, suggesting that the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains are important moieties involved in inflammatory responses through the induction of TNF-α secretion. 25875427 1 46 theme oligosaccharides 202:217 arg1 importance 179:188 the importance 175:188 the importance of O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages 175:371 In this study, we analyze the importance of O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages. 25875427 1 47 theme Scedosporium 289:300 arg1 prolificans 302:312 the fungus Scedosporium prolificans 278:312 the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages 278:371 In this study, we analyze the importance of O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages. 25875427 0 48 gly O-glycosylation 0:14 arg1 proteins 29:36 cell wall proteins 19:36 cell wall proteins in Scedosporium prolificans 19:64 O-glycosylation in cell wall proteins in Scedosporium prolificans is critical for phagocytosis and inflammatory cytokines production by macrophages. 25875427 1 49 theme present 219:225 arg1 oligosaccharides 202:217 O-linked oligosaccharides 193:217 O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages 193:371 In this study, we analyze the importance of O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages. 25875427 10 50 dep pro- 1493:1496 arg1 inflammatory 1498:1509 inflammatory 1498:1509 inflammatory 1498:1509 In summary, we show that O-glycosylation plays a role in the recognition and uptake of S. prolificans by macrophages, killing of macrophages and production of pro- inflammatory cytokines. 25875427 1 51 theme prolificans 302:312 arg1 wall 270:273 the cell wall 261:273 the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages 261:371 In this study, we analyze the importance of O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages. 25875427 3 52 link macrophage-derived 527:544 arg1 compounds 560:568 macrophage-derived antimicrobial compounds 527:568 macrophage-derived antimicrobial compounds 527:568 PRM induced the release of macrophage-derived antimicrobial compounds. 25875427 9 53 theme TNF-α 1317:1321 arg1 secretion 1323:1331 TNF-α secretion 1317:1331 TNF-α secretion 1317:1331 Chemical removal of O-linked oligosaccharides from PRM abolished cytokine induction, suggesting that the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains are important moieties involved in inflammatory responses through the induction of TNF-α secretion. 25875427 1 54 from present 219:225 arg1 PRM 251:253 PRM 251:253 PRM 251:253 In this study, we analyze the importance of O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages. 25875427 1 54 from present 219:225 arg1 peptidorhamnomannan 230:248 peptidorhamnomannan 230:248 peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages 230:371 In this study, we analyze the importance of O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages. 25875427 7 55 from effect 987:992 arg1 macrophages 1026:1036 macrophages 1026:1036 macrophages 1026:1036 However, macrophage killing was unaffected when beads coated with de-O-glycosylated PRM were used, indicating the toxic effect of O-linked oligosaccharides on macrophages. 25875427 9 56 theme secretion 1323:1331 arg1 induction 1304:1312 the induction 1300:1312 the induction of TNF-α secretion 1300:1331 Chemical removal of O-linked oligosaccharides from PRM abolished cytokine induction, suggesting that the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains are important moieties involved in inflammatory responses through the induction of TNF-α secretion. 25875427 9 57 from PRM 1147:1149 arg1 removal 1105:1111 Chemical removal 1096:1111 Chemical removal of O-linked oligosaccharides from PRM 1096:1149 Chemical removal of O-linked oligosaccharides from PRM abolished cytokine induction, suggesting that the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains are important moieties involved in inflammatory responses through the induction of TNF-α secretion. 25875427 0 58 theme Scedosporium 41:52 arg1 prolificans 54:64 Scedosporium prolificans 41:64 Scedosporium prolificans 41:64 O-glycosylation in cell wall proteins in Scedosporium prolificans is critical for phagocytosis and inflammatory cytokines production by macrophages. 25875427 5 59 theme conidia-induced 676:690 arg1 killing 703:709 conidia-induced macrophage killing 676:709 conidia-induced macrophage killing 676:709 The effect of PRM on conidia-induced macrophage killing was examined using latex beads coated with PRM or de-O-glycosylated PRM. 25875427 10 60 theme macrophages 1463:1473 arg1 killing 1452:1458 killing 1452:1458 killing of macrophages 1452:1473 In summary, we show that O-glycosylation plays a role in the recognition and uptake of S. prolificans by macrophages, killing of macrophages and production of pro- inflammatory cytokines. 25875427 10 60 theme macrophages 1463:1473 arg1 macrophages 1439:1449 macrophages 1439:1449 macrophages 1439:1449 In summary, we show that O-glycosylation plays a role in the recognition and uptake of S. prolificans by macrophages, killing of macrophages and production of pro- inflammatory cytokines. 25875427 10 60 theme macrophages 1463:1473 arg1 production 1479:1488 production 1479:1488 production of pro- inflammatory cytokines 1479:1519 In summary, we show that O-glycosylation plays a role in the recognition and uptake of S. prolificans by macrophages, killing of macrophages and production of pro- inflammatory cytokines. 25875427 1 61 from peptidorhamnomannan 230:248 arg1 present 219:225 present 219:225 present 219:225 In this study, we analyze the importance of O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages. 25875427 2 62 gly de-O-glycosylated 453:469 arg1 PRM 471:473 de-O-glycosylated PRM 453:473 de-O-glycosylated PRM 453:473 Adding PRM led to a dose-dependent inhibition of conidia phagocytosis, whereas de-O-glycosylated PRM did not show any effect. 25875427 7 63 gly de-O-glycosylated 933:949 arg1 PRM 951:953 de-O-glycosylated PRM 933:953 de-O-glycosylated PRM 933:953 However, macrophage killing was unaffected when beads coated with de-O-glycosylated PRM were used, indicating the toxic effect of O-linked oligosaccharides on macrophages. 25875427 9 64 theme O-linked 1201:1208 arg1 chains 1227:1232 the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains 1197:1232 the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains 1197:1232 Chemical removal of O-linked oligosaccharides from PRM abolished cytokine induction, suggesting that the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains are important moieties involved in inflammatory responses through the induction of TNF-α secretion. 25875427 9 64 theme O-linked 1201:1208 arg1 moieties 1248:1255 important moieties 1238:1255 important moieties involved in inflammatory responses through the induction of TNF-α secretion 1238:1331 Chemical removal of O-linked oligosaccharides from PRM abolished cytokine induction, suggesting that the O-linked oligosaccharidic chains are important moieties involved in inflammatory responses through the induction of TNF-α secretion. 25875427 3 65 theme macrophage-derived 527:544 arg1 compounds 560:568 macrophage-derived antimicrobial compounds 527:568 macrophage-derived antimicrobial compounds 527:568 PRM induced the release of macrophage-derived antimicrobial compounds. 25875427 1 66 attach present 219:225 arg1 PRM 251:253 PRM 251:253 PRM 251:253 In this study, we analyze the importance of O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages. 25875427 1 66 attach present 219:225 arg2 oligosaccharides 202:217 O-linked oligosaccharides 193:217 O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages 193:371 In this study, we analyze the importance of O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages. 25875427 1 66 attach present 219:225 arg1 peptidorhamnomannan 230:248 peptidorhamnomannan 230:248 peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages 230:371 In this study, we analyze the importance of O-linked oligosaccharides present in peptidorhamnomannan (PRM) from the cell wall of the fungus Scedosporium prolificans for recognition and phagocytosis of conidia by macrophages. 25875427 2 67 theme phagocytosis 431:442 arg1 inhibition 409:418 a dose-dependent inhibition 392:418 a dose-dependent inhibition of conidia phagocytosis 392:442 Adding PRM led to a dose-dependent inhibition of conidia phagocytosis, whereas de-O-glycosylated PRM did not show any effect. 25875427 7 68 theme de-O-glycosylated 933:949 arg1 PRM 951:953 de-O-glycosylated PRM 933:953 de-O-glycosylated PRM 933:953 However, macrophage killing was unaffected when beads coated with de-O-glycosylated PRM were used, indicating the toxic effect of O-linked oligosaccharides on macrophages. 25875427 7 69 theme oligosaccharides 1006:1021 arg1 effect 987:992 the toxic effect 977:992 the toxic effect of O-linked oligosaccharides on macrophages 977:1036 However, macrophage killing was unaffected when beads coated with de-O-glycosylated PRM were used, indicating the toxic effect of O-linked oligosaccharides on macrophages. 25875427 2 70 theme Adding 374:379 arg1 PRM 381:383 Adding PRM 374:383 Adding PRM 374:383 Adding PRM led to a dose-dependent inhibition of conidia phagocytosis, whereas de-O-glycosylated PRM did not show any effect. 25875427 4 71 link O-linked 580:587 arg1 oligosaccharides 589:604 O-linked oligosaccharides 580:604 O-linked oligosaccharides 580:604 However, O-linked oligosaccharides do not appear to be required for such induction. 25875427 4 72 theme such 639:642 arg1 induction 644:652 such induction 639:652 such induction 639:652 However, O-linked oligosaccharides do not appear to be required for such induction. 28081203 10 0 theme DDBAC 1490:1494 arg1 addition 1478:1485 the addition 1474:1485 the addition of DDBAC 1474:1494 The bound water content of the sludge conditioned with Fenton's reagent decreased from 3.15 to 1.36 g/g and further decreased to 1.08 g/g with the addition of DDBAC. 28081203 9 1 theme LB-EPS 1297:1302 arg1 solubilization 1268:1281 solubilization 1268:1281 solubilization of TB-EPS and LB-EPS 1268:1302 Furthermore, DDBAC further released the bound water through solubilization of TB-EPS and LB-EPS after the Fenton reaction. 28081203 0 2 theme Surfactant 73:82 arg1 Pretreatment 84:95 Surfactant Pretreatment 73:95 Surfactant Pretreatment 73:95 Mechanism and Parameter Optimization of Fenton's Reagent Integrated with Surfactant Pretreatment to Improve Sludge Dewaterability. 28081203 4 3 theme good 548:551 arg1 capability 566:575 the good conditioning capability 544:575 the good conditioning capability of the composite conditioners 544:605 Results indicated the good conditioning capability of the composite conditioners. 28081203 7 4 theme polymeric 974:982 arg1 EPS 995:997 EPS 995:997 EPS 995:997 Analysis of the reaction mechanism showed that Fenton oxidation effectively decomposed extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), including loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), into dissolved organics, such as proteins and polysaccharides. 28081203 7 4 theme polymeric 974:982 arg1 substance 984:992 extracellular polymeric substance 960:992 extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) 960:998 Analysis of the reaction mechanism showed that Fenton oxidation effectively decomposed extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), including loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), into dissolved organics, such as proteins and polysaccharides. 28081203 5 5 theme cake 718:721 arg1 content 729:735 a sludge cake water content 709:735 a sludge cake water content of 59.67% 709:745 The optimum dosages for H2O2, Fe2+, and DDBAC were 44.6, 39.6, and 71.0 mg/g, respectively, at which a sludge cake water content of 59.67% could be achieved. 28081203 7 6 theme dissolved 1075:1083 arg1 organics 1085:1092 dissolved organics 1075:1092 dissolved organics 1075:1092 Analysis of the reaction mechanism showed that Fenton oxidation effectively decomposed extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), including loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), into dissolved organics, such as proteins and polysaccharides. 28081203 6 7 theme polynomial 791:800 arg1 equation 802:809 a second-order polynomial equation 776:809 a second-order polynomial equation 776:809 Moreover, a second-order polynomial equation was developed to describe the behavior of joint conditioning. 28081203 5 8 theme water 723:727 arg1 content 729:735 a sludge cake water content 709:735 a sludge cake water content of 59.67% 709:745 The optimum dosages for H2O2, Fe2+, and DDBAC were 44.6, 39.6, and 71.0 mg/g, respectively, at which a sludge cake water content of 59.67% could be achieved. 28081203 6 9 theme second-order 778:789 arg1 equation 802:809 a second-order polynomial equation 776:809 a second-order polynomial equation 776:809 Moreover, a second-order polynomial equation was developed to describe the behavior of joint conditioning. 28081203 2 10 theme reagent 286:292 arg1 potential 264:272 the potential 260:272 the potential of Fenton's reagent combined with dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) 260:356 The work validated the potential of Fenton's reagent combined with dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) in improving sludge dewaterability and proposed the mechanism of joint conditioning. 28081203 3 11 theme surface 505:511 arg1 methodology 513:523 response surface methodology 496:523 response surface methodology 496:523 The composite conditioner dosage was optimized using response surface methodology. 28081203 5 12 dep mg/g 680:683 arg1 achieved 756:763 achieved 756:763 could be achieved 747:763 The optimum dosages for H2O2, Fe2+, and DDBAC were 44.6, 39.6, and 71.0 mg/g, respectively, at which a sludge cake water content of 59.67% could be achieved. 28081203 9 13 theme TB-EPS 1286:1291 arg1 solubilization 1268:1281 solubilization 1268:1281 solubilization of TB-EPS and LB-EPS 1268:1302 Furthermore, DDBAC further released the bound water through solubilization of TB-EPS and LB-EPS after the Fenton reaction. 28081203 2 14 theme joint 423:427 arg1 conditioning 429:440 joint conditioning 423:440 joint conditioning 423:440 The work validated the potential of Fenton's reagent combined with dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) in improving sludge dewaterability and proposed the mechanism of joint conditioning. 28081203 3 15 theme composite 447:455 arg1 dosage 469:474 The composite conditioner dosage 443:474 The composite conditioner dosage 443:474 The composite conditioner dosage was optimized using response surface methodology. 28081203 0 16 theme Sludge 108:113 arg1 Dewaterability 115:128 Sludge Dewaterability 108:128 Sludge Dewaterability 108:128 Mechanism and Parameter Optimization of Fenton's Reagent Integrated with Surfactant Pretreatment to Improve Sludge Dewaterability. 28081203 5 17 theme optimum 612:618 arg1 mg/g 680:683 44.6, 39.6, and 71.0 mg/g 659:683 44.6, 39.6, and 71.0 mg/g 659:683 The optimum dosages for H2O2, Fe2+, and DDBAC were 44.6, 39.6, and 71.0 mg/g, respectively, at which a sludge cake water content of 59.67% could be achieved. 28081203 5 17 theme optimum 612:618 arg1 dosages 620:626 The optimum dosages 608:626 The optimum dosages for H2O2, Fe2+, and DDBAC 608:652 The optimum dosages for H2O2, Fe2+, and DDBAC were 44.6, 39.6, and 71.0 mg/g, respectively, at which a sludge cake water content of 59.67% could be achieved. 28081203 3 18 theme conditioner 457:467 arg1 dosage 469:474 The composite conditioner dosage 443:474 The composite conditioner dosage 443:474 The composite conditioner dosage was optimized using response surface methodology. 28081203 10 19 dep 1.36 1426:1429 arg1 to 1423:1424 to 1423:1424 to 1423:1424 The bound water content of the sludge conditioned with Fenton's reagent decreased from 3.15 to 1.36 g/g and further decreased to 1.08 g/g with the addition of DDBAC. 28081203 6 20 theme conditioning 859:870 arg1 behavior 841:848 the behavior 837:848 the behavior of joint conditioning 837:870 Moreover, a second-order polynomial equation was developed to describe the behavior of joint conditioning. 28081203 2 21 theme benzyl 325:330 arg1 DDBAC 351:355 DDBAC 351:355 DDBAC 351:355 The work validated the potential of Fenton's reagent combined with dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) in improving sludge dewaterability and proposed the mechanism of joint conditioning. 28081203 2 21 theme benzyl 325:330 arg1 chloride 341:348 dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride 308:348 dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) 308:356 The work validated the potential of Fenton's reagent combined with dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) in improving sludge dewaterability and proposed the mechanism of joint conditioning. 28081203 11 22 theme formic 1658:1663 arg1 acid 1676:1679 formic and acetic acid 1658:1679 acid 1676:1679 High-performance liquid chromatography analysis verified that the composite conditioning could oxidize and hydrolyze EPS into low-molecular-mass organics (e.g., formic and acetic acid), thereby facilitating the release of bound water. 28081203 4 23 theme conditioners 594:605 arg1 capability 566:575 the good conditioning capability 544:575 the good conditioning capability of the composite conditioners 544:605 Results indicated the good conditioning capability of the composite conditioners. 28081203 11 24 theme liquid 1514:1519 arg1 chromatography 1521:1534 High-performance liquid chromatography 1497:1534 High-performance liquid chromatography analysis 1497:1543 High-performance liquid chromatography analysis verified that the composite conditioning could oxidize and hydrolyze EPS into low-molecular-mass organics (e.g., formic and acetic acid), thereby facilitating the release of bound water. 28081203 2 25 theme dimethyl 316:323 arg1 DDBAC 351:355 DDBAC 351:355 DDBAC 351:355 The work validated the potential of Fenton's reagent combined with dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) in improving sludge dewaterability and proposed the mechanism of joint conditioning. 28081203 2 25 theme dimethyl 316:323 arg1 chloride 341:348 dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride 308:348 dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) 308:356 The work validated the potential of Fenton's reagent combined with dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) in improving sludge dewaterability and proposed the mechanism of joint conditioning. 28081203 1 26 theme sludge 195:200 arg1 mass 187:190 mass 187:190 mass 187:190 Sludge dewatering can effectively reduce the volume and mass of sludge for subsequent treatment and disposal. 28081203 1 26 theme sludge 195:200 arg1 volume 176:181 volume 176:181 volume 176:181 Sludge dewatering can effectively reduce the volume and mass of sludge for subsequent treatment and disposal. 28081203 4 27 theme composite 584:592 arg1 conditioners 594:605 the composite conditioners 580:605 the composite conditioners 580:605 Results indicated the good conditioning capability of the composite conditioners. 28081203 7 28 theme Fenton 920:925 arg1 oxidation 927:935 Fenton oxidation 920:935 Fenton oxidation 920:935 Analysis of the reaction mechanism showed that Fenton oxidation effectively decomposed extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), including loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), into dissolved organics, such as proteins and polysaccharides. 28081203 2 29 theme dodecyl 308:314 arg1 DDBAC 351:355 DDBAC 351:355 DDBAC 351:355 The work validated the potential of Fenton's reagent combined with dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) in improving sludge dewaterability and proposed the mechanism of joint conditioning. 28081203 2 29 theme dodecyl 308:314 arg1 chloride 341:348 dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride 308:348 dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) 308:356 The work validated the potential of Fenton's reagent combined with dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) in improving sludge dewaterability and proposed the mechanism of joint conditioning. 28081203 10 30 theme sludge 1362:1367 arg1 content 1347:1353 The bound water content 1331:1353 The bound water content of the sludge conditioned with Fenton's reagent 1331:1401 The bound water content of the sludge conditioned with Fenton's reagent decreased from 3.15 to 1.36 g/g and further decreased to 1.08 g/g with the addition of DDBAC. 28081203 2 31 theme conditioning 429:440 arg1 mechanism 410:418 the mechanism 406:418 the mechanism of joint conditioning 406:440 The work validated the potential of Fenton's reagent combined with dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) in improving sludge dewaterability and proposed the mechanism of joint conditioning. 28081203 1 32 dep volume 176:181 arg1 the 172:174 the 172:174 the 172:174 Sludge dewatering can effectively reduce the volume and mass of sludge for subsequent treatment and disposal. 28081203 9 33 theme Fenton 1314:1319 arg1 reaction 1321:1328 the Fenton reaction 1310:1328 the Fenton reaction 1310:1328 Furthermore, DDBAC further released the bound water through solubilization of TB-EPS and LB-EPS after the Fenton reaction. 28081203 6 34 theme joint 853:857 arg1 conditioning 859:870 joint conditioning 853:870 joint conditioning 853:870 Moreover, a second-order polynomial equation was developed to describe the behavior of joint conditioning. 28081203 7 35 theme extracellular 960:972 arg1 EPS 995:997 EPS 995:997 EPS 995:997 Analysis of the reaction mechanism showed that Fenton oxidation effectively decomposed extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), including loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), into dissolved organics, such as proteins and polysaccharides. 28081203 7 35 theme extracellular 960:972 arg1 substance 984:992 extracellular polymeric substance 960:992 extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) 960:998 Analysis of the reaction mechanism showed that Fenton oxidation effectively decomposed extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), including loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), into dissolved organics, such as proteins and polysaccharides. 28081203 1 36 theme subsequent 206:215 arg1 treatment 217:225 subsequent treatment 206:225 subsequent treatment 206:225 Sludge dewatering can effectively reduce the volume and mass of sludge for subsequent treatment and disposal. 28081203 8 37 theme water 1185:1189 arg1 conversion 1161:1170 the conversion 1157:1170 the conversion of the bound water into free water 1157:1205 The process facilitated the conversion of the bound water into free water. 28081203 8 38 theme bound 1179:1183 arg1 water 1185:1189 the bound water 1175:1189 the bound water 1175:1189 The process facilitated the conversion of the bound water into free water. 28081203 5 39 theme sludge 711:716 arg1 content 729:735 a sludge cake water content 709:735 a sludge cake water content of 59.67% 709:745 The optimum dosages for H2O2, Fe2+, and DDBAC were 44.6, 39.6, and 71.0 mg/g, respectively, at which a sludge cake water content of 59.67% could be achieved. 28081203 7 40 theme bound 1019:1023 arg1 LB-EPS 1030:1035 LB-EPS 1030:1035 LB-EPS 1030:1035 Analysis of the reaction mechanism showed that Fenton oxidation effectively decomposed extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), including loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), into dissolved organics, such as proteins and polysaccharides. 28081203 7 40 theme bound 1019:1023 arg1 EPS 1025:1027 loosely bound EPS 1011:1027 loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) 1011:1036 Analysis of the reaction mechanism showed that Fenton oxidation effectively decomposed extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), including loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), into dissolved organics, such as proteins and polysaccharides. 28081203 0 41 theme Reagent 49:55 arg1 Mechanism 0:8 Mechanism 0:8 Mechanism 0:8 Mechanism and Parameter Optimization of Fenton's Reagent Integrated with Surfactant Pretreatment to Improve Sludge Dewaterability. 28081203 0 41 theme Reagent 49:55 arg1 Optimization 24:35 Parameter Optimization 14:35 Parameter Optimization 14:35 Mechanism and Parameter Optimization of Fenton's Reagent Integrated with Surfactant Pretreatment to Improve Sludge Dewaterability. 28081203 4 42 theme conditioning 553:564 arg1 capability 566:575 the good conditioning capability 544:575 the good conditioning capability of the composite conditioners 544:605 Results indicated the good conditioning capability of the composite conditioners. 28081203 11 43 theme acetic 1669:1674 arg1 acid 1676:1679 formic and acetic acid 1658:1679 acid 1676:1679 High-performance liquid chromatography analysis verified that the composite conditioning could oxidize and hydrolyze EPS into low-molecular-mass organics (e.g., formic and acetic acid), thereby facilitating the release of bound water. 28081203 7 44 theme bound 1050:1054 arg1 TB-EPS 1061:1066 TB-EPS 1061:1066 TB-EPS 1061:1066 Analysis of the reaction mechanism showed that Fenton oxidation effectively decomposed extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), including loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), into dissolved organics, such as proteins and polysaccharides. 28081203 7 44 theme bound 1050:1054 arg1 EPS 1056:1058 tightly bound EPS 1042:1058 tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) 1042:1067 Analysis of the reaction mechanism showed that Fenton oxidation effectively decomposed extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), including loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), into dissolved organics, such as proteins and polysaccharides. 28081203 11 45 theme low-molecular-mass 1623:1640 arg1 organics 1642:1649 low-molecular-mass organics 1623:1649 low-molecular-mass organics (e.g., formic and acetic acid) 1623:1680 High-performance liquid chromatography analysis verified that the composite conditioning could oxidize and hydrolyze EPS into low-molecular-mass organics (e.g., formic and acetic acid), thereby facilitating the release of bound water. 28081203 1 46 theme Sludge 131:136 arg1 dewatering 138:147 Sludge dewatering 131:147 Sludge dewatering 131:147 Sludge dewatering can effectively reduce the volume and mass of sludge for subsequent treatment and disposal. 28081203 7 47 theme mechanism 898:906 arg1 Analysis 873:880 Analysis 873:880 Analysis of the reaction mechanism 873:906 Analysis of the reaction mechanism showed that Fenton oxidation effectively decomposed extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), including loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), into dissolved organics, such as proteins and polysaccharides. 28081203 11 48 theme chromatography 1521:1534 arg1 analysis 1536:1543 High-performance liquid chromatography analysis 1497:1543 High-performance liquid chromatography analysis 1497:1543 High-performance liquid chromatography analysis verified that the composite conditioning could oxidize and hydrolyze EPS into low-molecular-mass organics (e.g., formic and acetic acid), thereby facilitating the release of bound water. 28081203 11 49 theme High-performance 1497:1512 arg1 chromatography 1521:1534 High-performance liquid chromatography 1497:1534 High-performance liquid chromatography analysis 1497:1543 High-performance liquid chromatography analysis verified that the composite conditioning could oxidize and hydrolyze EPS into low-molecular-mass organics (e.g., formic and acetic acid), thereby facilitating the release of bound water. 28081203 3 50 theme response 496:503 arg1 methodology 513:523 response surface methodology 496:523 response surface methodology 496:523 The composite conditioner dosage was optimized using response surface methodology. 28081203 11 51 theme bound 1719:1723 arg1 water 1725:1729 bound water 1719:1729 bound water 1719:1729 High-performance liquid chromatography analysis verified that the composite conditioning could oxidize and hydrolyze EPS into low-molecular-mass organics (e.g., formic and acetic acid), thereby facilitating the release of bound water. 28081203 11 52 theme composite 1563:1571 arg1 conditioning 1573:1584 the composite conditioning 1559:1584 the composite conditioning 1559:1584 High-performance liquid chromatography analysis verified that the composite conditioning could oxidize and hydrolyze EPS into low-molecular-mass organics (e.g., formic and acetic acid), thereby facilitating the release of bound water. 28081203 10 53 theme water 1341:1345 arg1 content 1347:1353 The bound water content 1331:1353 The bound water content of the sludge conditioned with Fenton's reagent 1331:1401 The bound water content of the sludge conditioned with Fenton's reagent decreased from 3.15 to 1.36 g/g and further decreased to 1.08 g/g with the addition of DDBAC. 28081203 2 54 theme ammonium 332:339 arg1 DDBAC 351:355 DDBAC 351:355 DDBAC 351:355 The work validated the potential of Fenton's reagent combined with dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) in improving sludge dewaterability and proposed the mechanism of joint conditioning. 28081203 2 54 theme ammonium 332:339 arg1 chloride 341:348 dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride 308:348 dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) 308:356 The work validated the potential of Fenton's reagent combined with dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) in improving sludge dewaterability and proposed the mechanism of joint conditioning. 28081203 8 55 theme free 1196:1199 arg1 water 1201:1205 free water 1196:1205 free water 1196:1205 The process facilitated the conversion of the bound water into free water. 28081203 11 56 theme water 1725:1729 arg1 release 1708:1714 the release 1704:1714 the release of bound water 1704:1729 High-performance liquid chromatography analysis verified that the composite conditioning could oxidize and hydrolyze EPS into low-molecular-mass organics (e.g., formic and acetic acid), thereby facilitating the release of bound water. 28081203 10 57 theme bound 1335:1339 arg1 content 1347:1353 The bound water content 1331:1353 The bound water content of the sludge conditioned with Fenton's reagent 1331:1401 The bound water content of the sludge conditioned with Fenton's reagent decreased from 3.15 to 1.36 g/g and further decreased to 1.08 g/g with the addition of DDBAC. 28081203 2 58 theme sludge 371:376 arg1 dewaterability 378:391 sludge dewaterability 371:391 sludge dewaterability 371:391 The work validated the potential of Fenton's reagent combined with dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) in improving sludge dewaterability and proposed the mechanism of joint conditioning. 28081203 7 59 theme reaction 889:896 arg1 mechanism 898:906 the reaction mechanism 885:906 the reaction mechanism 885:906 Analysis of the reaction mechanism showed that Fenton oxidation effectively decomposed extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), including loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), into dissolved organics, such as proteins and polysaccharides. 28081203 11 60 dep acid 1676:1679 arg1 e.g. 1652:1655 e.g. 1652:1655 e.g. 1652:1655 High-performance liquid chromatography analysis verified that the composite conditioning could oxidize and hydrolyze EPS into low-molecular-mass organics (e.g., formic and acetic acid), thereby facilitating the release of bound water. 28081203 5 61 theme % 745:745 arg1 content 729:735 a sludge cake water content 709:735 a sludge cake water content of 59.67% 709:745 The optimum dosages for H2O2, Fe2+, and DDBAC were 44.6, 39.6, and 71.0 mg/g, respectively, at which a sludge cake water content of 59.67% could be achieved. 28081203 9 62 theme bound 1248:1252 arg1 water 1254:1258 the bound water 1244:1258 the bound water 1244:1258 Furthermore, DDBAC further released the bound water through solubilization of TB-EPS and LB-EPS after the Fenton reaction. 28081203 0 63 theme Parameter 14:22 arg1 Optimization 24:35 Parameter Optimization 14:35 Parameter Optimization 14:35 Mechanism and Parameter Optimization of Fenton's Reagent Integrated with Surfactant Pretreatment to Improve Sludge Dewaterability. 27896086 6 0 from expression 1235:1244 arg1 P < 0.01 1271:1278 P < 0.01 1271:1278 P < 0.01 1271:1278 The data reveal lower OGA expression in diabetic individuals (P < 0.01), while pre- and diabetic subjects displayed attenuated OGT expression vs. controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). 27896086 6 0 from expression 1235:1244 arg1 individuals 1258:1268 diabetic individuals 1249:1268 diabetic individuals (P < 0.01) 1249:1279 The data reveal lower OGA expression in diabetic individuals (P < 0.01), while pre- and diabetic subjects displayed attenuated OGT expression vs. controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). 27896086 7 1 theme diabetic 1453:1460 arg1 Caucasians 1462:1471 pre- and diabetic Caucasians 1444:1471 pre- and diabetic Caucasians 1444:1471 Moreover, GFPT2 expression decreased in pre- and diabetic Caucasians vs. controls (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). 27896086 6 2 theme diabetic 1249:1256 arg1 P < 0.01 1271:1278 P < 0.01 1271:1278 P < 0.01 1271:1278 The data reveal lower OGA expression in diabetic individuals (P < 0.01), while pre- and diabetic subjects displayed attenuated OGT expression vs. controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). 27896086 6 2 theme diabetic 1249:1256 arg1 individuals 1258:1268 diabetic individuals 1249:1268 diabetic individuals (P < 0.01) 1249:1279 The data reveal lower OGA expression in diabetic individuals (P < 0.01), while pre- and diabetic subjects displayed attenuated OGT expression vs. controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). 27896086 2 3 theme several 274:280 arg1 modulators 282:291 several modulators 274:291 several modulators 274:291 The HBP is regulated by several modulators, i.e. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc moieties, respectively; while flux is controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT), transcribed by two genes, GFPT1 and GFPT2. 27896086 7 4 theme pre- 1444:1447 arg1 Caucasians 1462:1471 pre- and diabetic Caucasians 1444:1471 pre- and diabetic Caucasians 1444:1471 Moreover, GFPT2 expression decreased in pre- and diabetic Caucasians vs. controls (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). 27896086 3 5 theme differential 760:771 arg1 expression 773:782 differential expression 760:782 differential expression of HBP regulatory genes 760:806 Since increased HBP flux is glucose-responsive and linked to insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes onset, we hypothesized that diabetic individuals exhibit differential expression of HBP regulatory genes. 27896086 6 6 theme attenuated 1325:1334 arg1 expression 1340:1349 attenuated OGT expression 1325:1349 attenuated OGT expression 1325:1349 The data reveal lower OGA expression in diabetic individuals (P < 0.01), while pre- and diabetic subjects displayed attenuated OGT expression vs. controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). 27896086 2 7 theme O-linked 299:306 arg1 OGT 344:346 OGT 344:346 OGT 344:346 The HBP is regulated by several modulators, i.e. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc moieties, respectively; while flux is controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT), transcribed by two genes, GFPT1 and GFPT2. 27896086 2 7 theme O-linked 299:306 arg1 transferase 331:341 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase 299:341 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) 299:347 The HBP is regulated by several modulators, i.e. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc moieties, respectively; while flux is controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT), transcribed by two genes, GFPT1 and GFPT2. 27896086 1 8 theme serine/threonine 204:219 arg1 residues 221:228 serine/threonine residues 204:228 serine/threonine residues of target proteins 204:247 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) culminates in the attachment of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) onto serine/threonine residues of target proteins. 27896086 1 8 theme serine/threonine 204:219 arg1 proteins 240:247 target proteins 233:247 target proteins 233:247 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) culminates in the attachment of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) onto serine/threonine residues of target proteins. 27896086 6 9 theme OGA 1231:1233 arg1 expression 1235:1244 lower OGA expression 1225:1244 lower OGA expression in diabetic individuals (P < 0.01) 1225:1279 The data reveal lower OGA expression in diabetic individuals (P < 0.01), while pre- and diabetic subjects displayed attenuated OGT expression vs. controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). 27896086 4 10 dep Mixed 836:840 arg1 n = 60 821:826 n = 60 821:826 n = 60 821:826 Volunteers (n = 60; n = 20 Mixed Ancestry, n = 40 Caucasian) were recruited from Stellenbosch and Paarl (Western Cape, South Africa) and classified as control, pre- or diabetic according to fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels, respectively. 27896086 9 11 theme HBP 1706:1708 arg1 regulators 1710:1719 HBP regulators 1706:1719 HBP regulators 1706:1719 Gene expression of HBP regulators differs between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, together with distinct ethnic-specific gene profiles. 27896086 3 12 theme regulatory 791:800 arg1 genes 802:806 HBP regulatory genes 787:806 HBP regulatory genes 787:806 Since increased HBP flux is glucose-responsive and linked to insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes onset, we hypothesized that diabetic individuals exhibit differential expression of HBP regulatory genes. 27896086 8 13 from increase 1612:1619 arg1 Caucasians 1645:1654 Caucasians 1645:1654 Caucasians 1645:1654 We also found ethnic differences, i.e. Mixed Ancestry individuals exhibited a 2.4-fold increase in GFPT2 expression vs. Caucasians, despite diagnosis (P < 0.01). 27896086 8 13 from increase 1612:1619 arg1 expression 1630:1639 GFPT2 expression 1624:1639 GFPT2 expression 1624:1639 We also found ethnic differences, i.e. Mixed Ancestry individuals exhibited a 2.4-fold increase in GFPT2 expression vs. Caucasians, despite diagnosis (P < 0.01). 27896086 10 14 theme HBP 1848:1850 arg1 regulation 1857:1866 differential HBP gene regulation 1835:1866 differential HBP gene regulation 1835:1866 Thus differential HBP gene regulation may offer diagnostic utility and provide candidate susceptibility genes for different ethnic groupings. 27896086 9 15 theme diabetic 1737:1744 arg1 individuals 1763:1773 diabetic and non-diabetic individuals 1737:1773 diabetic and non-diabetic individuals 1737:1773 Gene expression of HBP regulators differs between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, together with distinct ethnic-specific gene profiles. 27896086 3 16 theme HBP 623:625 arg1 flux 627:630 increased HBP flux 613:630 increased HBP flux 613:630 Since increased HBP flux is glucose-responsive and linked to insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes onset, we hypothesized that diabetic individuals exhibit differential expression of HBP regulatory genes. 27896086 2 17 theme enzyme 501:506 arg1 glutamine 508:516 the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine 483:516 the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT) 483:561 The HBP is regulated by several modulators, i.e. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc moieties, respectively; while flux is controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT), transcribed by two genes, GFPT1 and GFPT2. 27896086 5 18 dep quantitative 1181:1192 arg1 real-time 1194:1202 real-time 1194:1202 real-time 1194:1202 RNA was purified from leukocytes isolated from collected blood samples and OGT, OGA, GFPT1 and GFPT2 expressions determined by quantitative real-time PCR. 27896086 1 19 theme O-linked 157:164 arg1 O-GlcNAc 189:196 O-GlcNAc 189:196 O-GlcNAc 189:196 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) culminates in the attachment of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) onto serine/threonine residues of target proteins. 27896086 1 19 theme O-linked 157:164 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 166:186 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 157:186 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 157:197 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) culminates in the attachment of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) onto serine/threonine residues of target proteins. 27896086 6 20 dep controls 1355:1362 arg1 controls 1355:1362 controls 1355:1362 controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) 1355:1401 The data reveal lower OGA expression in diabetic individuals (P < 0.01), while pre- and diabetic subjects displayed attenuated OGT expression vs. controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). 27896086 6 20 dep controls 1355:1362 arg1 P < 0.001 1378:1386 P < 0.001 1378:1386 P < 0.001 1378:1386 The data reveal lower OGA expression in diabetic individuals (P < 0.01), while pre- and diabetic subjects displayed attenuated OGT expression vs. controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). 27896086 6 20 dep controls 1355:1362 arg1 P < 0.01 1365:1372 P < 0.01 1365:1372 P < 0.01 1365:1372 The data reveal lower OGA expression in diabetic individuals (P < 0.01), while pre- and diabetic subjects displayed attenuated OGT expression vs. controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). 27896086 5 21 theme blood 1111:1115 arg1 samples 1117:1123 collected blood samples 1101:1123 collected blood samples 1101:1123 RNA was purified from leukocytes isolated from collected blood samples and OGT, OGA, GFPT1 and GFPT2 expressions determined by quantitative real-time PCR. 27896086 4 22 theme HbA1c 1026:1030 arg1 levels 1032:1037 fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels 999:1037 fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels 999:1037 Volunteers (n = 60; n = 20 Mixed Ancestry, n = 40 Caucasian) were recruited from Stellenbosch and Paarl (Western Cape, South Africa) and classified as control, pre- or diabetic according to fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels, respectively. 27896086 0 23 theme Differential 0:11 arg1 pathway 37:43 Differential hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 0:43 Differential hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 0:43 Differential hexosamine biosynthetic pathway gene expression with type 2 diabetes. 27896086 1 24 theme biosynthetic 98:109 arg1 HBP 120:122 HBP 120:122 HBP 120:122 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) culminates in the attachment of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) onto serine/threonine residues of target proteins. 27896086 1 24 theme biosynthetic 98:109 arg1 pathway 111:117 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 83:117 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) 83:123 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) culminates in the attachment of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) onto serine/threonine residues of target proteins. 27896086 3 25 theme increased 613:621 arg1 flux 627:630 increased HBP flux 613:630 increased HBP flux 613:630 Since increased HBP flux is glucose-responsive and linked to insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes onset, we hypothesized that diabetic individuals exhibit differential expression of HBP regulatory genes. 27896086 0 26 theme biosynthetic 24:35 arg1 pathway 37:43 Differential hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 0:43 Differential hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 0:43 Differential hexosamine biosynthetic pathway gene expression with type 2 diabetes. 27896086 7 27 dep controls 1477:1484 arg1 P < 0.01 1500:1507 P < 0.01 1500:1507 P < 0.01 1500:1507 Moreover, GFPT2 expression decreased in pre- and diabetic Caucasians vs. controls (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). 27896086 7 27 dep controls 1477:1484 arg1 P < 0.05 1487:1494 P < 0.05 1487:1494 P < 0.05 1487:1494 Moreover, GFPT2 expression decreased in pre- and diabetic Caucasians vs. controls (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). 27896086 7 27 dep controls 1477:1484 arg1 controls 1477:1484 controls 1477:1484 controls (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) 1477:1522 Moreover, GFPT2 expression decreased in pre- and diabetic Caucasians vs. controls (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). 27896086 4 28 theme fasting 999:1005 arg1 glucose 1014:1020 fasting plasma glucose 999:1020 fasting plasma glucose 999:1020 Volunteers (n = 60; n = 20 Mixed Ancestry, n = 40 Caucasian) were recruited from Stellenbosch and Paarl (Western Cape, South Africa) and classified as control, pre- or diabetic according to fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels, respectively. 27896086 8 29 theme ethnic 1539:1544 arg1 differences 1546:1556 ethnic differences 1539:1556 ethnic differences 1539:1556 We also found ethnic differences, i.e. Mixed Ancestry individuals exhibited a 2.4-fold increase in GFPT2 expression vs. Caucasians, despite diagnosis (P < 0.01). 27896086 2 30 theme O-GlcNAc 422:429 arg1 moieties 431:438 O-GlcNAc moieties 422:438 O-GlcNAc moieties 422:438 The HBP is regulated by several modulators, i.e. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc moieties, respectively; while flux is controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT), transcribed by two genes, GFPT1 and GFPT2. 27896086 4 31 theme glucose 1014:1020 arg1 levels 1032:1037 fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels 999:1037 fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels 999:1037 Volunteers (n = 60; n = 20 Mixed Ancestry, n = 40 Caucasian) were recruited from Stellenbosch and Paarl (Western Cape, South Africa) and classified as control, pre- or diabetic according to fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels, respectively. 27896086 8 32 theme Mixed 1564:1568 arg1 Ancestry 1570:1577 Mixed Ancestry 1564:1577 i.e. Mixed Ancestry individuals 1559:1589 We also found ethnic differences, i.e. Mixed Ancestry individuals exhibited a 2.4-fold increase in GFPT2 expression vs. Caucasians, despite diagnosis (P < 0.01). 27896086 1 33 theme target 233:238 arg1 proteins 240:247 target proteins 233:247 target proteins 233:247 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) culminates in the attachment of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) onto serine/threonine residues of target proteins. 27896086 2 34 dep glutamine 508:516 arg1 amidotransferase 539:554 fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 518:554 the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT) 483:561 The HBP is regulated by several modulators, i.e. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc moieties, respectively; while flux is controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT), transcribed by two genes, GFPT1 and GFPT2. 27896086 2 34 dep glutamine 508:516 arg1 GFPT 557:560 GFPT 557:560 GFPT 557:560 The HBP is regulated by several modulators, i.e. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc moieties, respectively; while flux is controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT), transcribed by two genes, GFPT1 and GFPT2. 27896086 3 35 theme resistance/type 676:690 arg1 diabetes 694:701 insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes 668:701 insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes 668:701 Since increased HBP flux is glucose-responsive and linked to insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes onset, we hypothesized that diabetic individuals exhibit differential expression of HBP regulatory genes. 27896086 9 36 theme non-diabetic 1750:1761 arg1 individuals 1763:1773 diabetic and non-diabetic individuals 1737:1773 diabetic and non-diabetic individuals 1737:1773 Gene expression of HBP regulators differs between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, together with distinct ethnic-specific gene profiles. 27896086 0 37 with gene 45:48 arg1 diabetes 73:80 type 2 diabetes 66:80 type 2 diabetes 66:80 Differential hexosamine biosynthetic pathway gene expression with type 2 diabetes. 27896086 10 38 theme susceptibility 1919:1932 arg1 genes 1934:1938 candidate susceptibility genes 1909:1938 candidate susceptibility genes for different ethnic groupings 1909:1969 Thus differential HBP gene regulation may offer diagnostic utility and provide candidate susceptibility genes for different ethnic groupings. 27896086 8 39 theme GFPT2 1624:1628 arg1 expression 1630:1639 GFPT2 expression 1624:1639 GFPT2 expression 1624:1639 We also found ethnic differences, i.e. Mixed Ancestry individuals exhibited a 2.4-fold increase in GFPT2 expression vs. Caucasians, despite diagnosis (P < 0.01). 27896086 1 40 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 166:186 arg1 attachment 143:152 the attachment 139:152 the attachment of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) onto serine/threonine residues of target proteins 139:247 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) culminates in the attachment of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) onto serine/threonine residues of target proteins. 27896086 7 41 theme GFPT2 1414:1418 arg1 expression 1420:1429 GFPT2 expression 1414:1429 GFPT2 expression 1414:1429 Moreover, GFPT2 expression decreased in pre- and diabetic Caucasians vs. controls (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). 27896086 3 42 theme diabetic 731:738 arg1 individuals 740:750 diabetic individuals 731:750 diabetic individuals 731:750 Since increased HBP flux is glucose-responsive and linked to insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes onset, we hypothesized that diabetic individuals exhibit differential expression of HBP regulatory genes. 27896086 3 43 theme HBP 787:789 arg1 genes 802:806 HBP regulatory genes 787:806 HBP regulatory genes 787:806 Since increased HBP flux is glucose-responsive and linked to insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes onset, we hypothesized that diabetic individuals exhibit differential expression of HBP regulatory genes. 27896086 6 44 theme OGT 1336:1338 arg1 expression 1340:1349 attenuated OGT expression 1325:1349 attenuated OGT expression 1325:1349 The data reveal lower OGA expression in diabetic individuals (P < 0.01), while pre- and diabetic subjects displayed attenuated OGT expression vs. controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). 27896086 2 45 theme β-N-acetylglucosaminyl 308:329 arg1 OGT 344:346 OGT 344:346 OGT 344:346 The HBP is regulated by several modulators, i.e. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc moieties, respectively; while flux is controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT), transcribed by two genes, GFPT1 and GFPT2. 27896086 2 45 theme β-N-acetylglucosaminyl 308:329 arg1 transferase 331:341 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase 299:341 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) 299:347 The HBP is regulated by several modulators, i.e. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc moieties, respectively; while flux is controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT), transcribed by two genes, GFPT1 and GFPT2. 27896086 9 46 theme Gene 1687:1690 arg1 expression 1692:1701 Gene expression 1687:1701 Gene expression of HBP regulators 1687:1719 Gene expression of HBP regulators differs between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, together with distinct ethnic-specific gene profiles. 27896086 10 47 theme ethnic 1954:1959 arg1 groupings 1961:1969 different ethnic groupings 1944:1969 different ethnic groupings 1944:1969 Thus differential HBP gene regulation may offer diagnostic utility and provide candidate susceptibility genes for different ethnic groupings. 27896086 3 48 attach linked 658:663 arg2 flux 627:630 increased HBP flux 613:630 increased HBP flux 613:630 Since increased HBP flux is glucose-responsive and linked to insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes onset, we hypothesized that diabetic individuals exhibit differential expression of HBP regulatory genes. 27896086 3 48 attach linked 658:663 arg1 diabetes 694:701 insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes 668:701 insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes 668:701 Since increased HBP flux is glucose-responsive and linked to insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes onset, we hypothesized that diabetic individuals exhibit differential expression of HBP regulatory genes. 27896086 6 49 theme lower 1225:1229 arg1 expression 1235:1244 lower OGA expression 1225:1244 lower OGA expression in diabetic individuals (P < 0.01) 1225:1279 The data reveal lower OGA expression in diabetic individuals (P < 0.01), while pre- and diabetic subjects displayed attenuated OGT expression vs. controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). 27896086 2 50 link O-linked 299:306 arg1 OGT 344:346 OGT 344:346 OGT 344:346 The HBP is regulated by several modulators, i.e. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc moieties, respectively; while flux is controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT), transcribed by two genes, GFPT1 and GFPT2. 27896086 2 50 link O-linked 299:306 arg1 transferase 331:341 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase 299:341 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) 299:347 The HBP is regulated by several modulators, i.e. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc moieties, respectively; while flux is controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT), transcribed by two genes, GFPT1 and GFPT2. 27896086 6 51 theme diabetic 1297:1304 arg1 subjects 1306:1313 pre- and diabetic subjects 1288:1313 pre- and diabetic subjects displayed attenuated OGT expression 1288:1349 The data reveal lower OGA expression in diabetic individuals (P < 0.01), while pre- and diabetic subjects displayed attenuated OGT expression vs. controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). 27896086 9 52 theme regulators 1710:1719 arg1 expression 1692:1701 Gene expression 1687:1701 Gene expression of HBP regulators 1687:1719 Gene expression of HBP regulators differs between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, together with distinct ethnic-specific gene profiles. 27896086 3 53 theme genes 802:806 arg1 expression 773:782 differential expression 760:782 differential expression of HBP regulatory genes 760:806 Since increased HBP flux is glucose-responsive and linked to insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes onset, we hypothesized that diabetic individuals exhibit differential expression of HBP regulatory genes. 27896086 6 54 theme pre- 1288:1291 arg1 subjects 1306:1313 pre- and diabetic subjects 1288:1313 pre- and diabetic subjects displayed attenuated OGT expression 1288:1349 The data reveal lower OGA expression in diabetic individuals (P < 0.01), while pre- and diabetic subjects displayed attenuated OGT expression vs. controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). 27896086 10 55 theme gene 1852:1855 arg1 regulation 1857:1866 differential HBP gene regulation 1835:1866 differential HBP gene regulation 1835:1866 Thus differential HBP gene regulation may offer diagnostic utility and provide candidate susceptibility genes for different ethnic groupings. 27896086 2 56 dep transferase 331:341 arg1 i.e. 294:297 i.e. 294:297 i.e. 294:297 The HBP is regulated by several modulators, i.e. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc moieties, respectively; while flux is controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT), transcribed by two genes, GFPT1 and GFPT2. 27896086 2 56 dep transferase 331:341 arg1 catalyze 385:392 catalyze 385:392 catalyze 385:392 The HBP is regulated by several modulators, i.e. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc moieties, respectively; while flux is controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT), transcribed by two genes, GFPT1 and GFPT2. 27896086 10 57 theme differential 1835:1846 arg1 regulation 1857:1866 differential HBP gene regulation 1835:1866 differential HBP gene regulation 1835:1866 Thus differential HBP gene regulation may offer diagnostic utility and provide candidate susceptibility genes for different ethnic groupings. 27896086 4 58 dep Volunteers 809:818 arg1 Mixed 836:840 Mixed 836:840 Mixed 836:840 Volunteers (n = 60; n = 20 Mixed Ancestry, n = 40 Caucasian) were recruited from Stellenbosch and Paarl (Western Cape, South Africa) and classified as control, pre- or diabetic according to fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels, respectively. 27896086 3 59 dep glucose-responsive 635:652 arg1 onset 703:707 onset 703:707 onset 703:707 Since increased HBP flux is glucose-responsive and linked to insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes onset, we hypothesized that diabetic individuals exhibit differential expression of HBP regulatory genes. 27896086 5 60 theme OGT 1129:1131 arg1 expressions 1155:1165 OGT, OGA, GFPT1 and GFPT2 expressions 1129:1165 OGT, OGA, GFPT1 and GFPT2 expressions 1129:1165 RNA was purified from leukocytes isolated from collected blood samples and OGT, OGA, GFPT1 and GFPT2 expressions determined by quantitative real-time PCR. 27896086 2 61 theme rate-limiting 487:499 arg1 glutamine 508:516 the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine 483:516 the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT) 483:561 The HBP is regulated by several modulators, i.e. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc moieties, respectively; while flux is controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT), transcribed by two genes, GFPT1 and GFPT2. 27896086 5 62 theme OGA 1134:1136 arg1 expressions 1155:1165 OGT, OGA, GFPT1 and GFPT2 expressions 1129:1165 OGT, OGA, GFPT1 and GFPT2 expressions 1129:1165 RNA was purified from leukocytes isolated from collected blood samples and OGT, OGA, GFPT1 and GFPT2 expressions determined by quantitative real-time PCR. 27896086 4 63 dep Africa 934:939 arg1 South 928:932 South 928:932 South 928:932 Volunteers (n = 60; n = 20 Mixed Ancestry, n = 40 Caucasian) were recruited from Stellenbosch and Paarl (Western Cape, South Africa) and classified as control, pre- or diabetic according to fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels, respectively. 27896086 5 64 theme collected 1101:1109 arg1 samples 1117:1123 collected blood samples 1101:1123 collected blood samples 1101:1123 RNA was purified from leukocytes isolated from collected blood samples and OGT, OGA, GFPT1 and GFPT2 expressions determined by quantitative real-time PCR. 27896086 2 65 theme fructose-6-phosphate 518:537 arg1 amidotransferase 539:554 fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 518:554 the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT) 483:561 The HBP is regulated by several modulators, i.e. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc moieties, respectively; while flux is controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT), transcribed by two genes, GFPT1 and GFPT2. 27896086 2 65 theme fructose-6-phosphate 518:537 arg1 GFPT 557:560 GFPT 557:560 GFPT 557:560 The HBP is regulated by several modulators, i.e. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc moieties, respectively; while flux is controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT), transcribed by two genes, GFPT1 and GFPT2. 27896086 0 66 theme hexosamine 13:22 arg1 pathway 37:43 Differential hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 0:43 Differential hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 0:43 Differential hexosamine biosynthetic pathway gene expression with type 2 diabetes. 27896086 1 67 theme hexosamine 87:96 arg1 HBP 120:122 HBP 120:122 HBP 120:122 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) culminates in the attachment of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) onto serine/threonine residues of target proteins. 27896086 1 67 theme hexosamine 87:96 arg1 pathway 111:117 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 83:117 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) 83:123 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) culminates in the attachment of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) onto serine/threonine residues of target proteins. 27896086 5 68 attach isolated 1087:1094 arg1 samples 1117:1123 collected blood samples 1101:1123 collected blood samples 1101:1123 RNA was purified from leukocytes isolated from collected blood samples and OGT, OGA, GFPT1 and GFPT2 expressions determined by quantitative real-time PCR. 27896086 5 68 attach isolated 1087:1094 arg2 leukocytes 1076:1085 leukocytes 1076:1085 leukocytes isolated from collected blood samples and OGT, OGA, GFPT1 and GFPT2 expressions determined by quantitative real-time PCR 1076:1206 RNA was purified from leukocytes isolated from collected blood samples and OGT, OGA, GFPT1 and GFPT2 expressions determined by quantitative real-time PCR. 27896086 5 68 attach isolated 1087:1094 arg1 expressions 1155:1165 OGT, OGA, GFPT1 and GFPT2 expressions 1129:1165 OGT, OGA, GFPT1 and GFPT2 expressions 1129:1165 RNA was purified from leukocytes isolated from collected blood samples and OGT, OGA, GFPT1 and GFPT2 expressions determined by quantitative real-time PCR. 27896086 9 69 theme gene 1815:1818 arg1 profiles 1820:1827 distinct ethnic-specific gene profiles 1790:1827 distinct ethnic-specific gene profiles 1790:1827 Gene expression of HBP regulators differs between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, together with distinct ethnic-specific gene profiles. 27896086 1 70 link O-linked 157:164 arg1 O-GlcNAc 189:196 O-GlcNAc 189:196 O-GlcNAc 189:196 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) culminates in the attachment of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) onto serine/threonine residues of target proteins. 27896086 1 70 link O-linked 157:164 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 166:186 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 157:186 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 157:197 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) culminates in the attachment of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) onto serine/threonine residues of target proteins. 27896086 10 71 theme diagnostic 1878:1887 arg1 utility 1889:1895 diagnostic utility 1878:1895 diagnostic utility 1878:1895 Thus differential HBP gene regulation may offer diagnostic utility and provide candidate susceptibility genes for different ethnic groupings. 27896086 2 72 theme moieties 431:438 arg1 removal 411:417 removal 411:417 removal of O-GlcNAc moieties 411:438 The HBP is regulated by several modulators, i.e. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc moieties, respectively; while flux is controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT), transcribed by two genes, GFPT1 and GFPT2. 27896086 2 72 theme moieties 431:438 arg1 addition 398:405 the addition 394:405 the addition 394:405 The HBP is regulated by several modulators, i.e. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc moieties, respectively; while flux is controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT), transcribed by two genes, GFPT1 and GFPT2. 27896086 5 73 theme quantitative 1181:1192 arg1 PCR 1204:1206 quantitative real-time PCR 1181:1206 quantitative real-time PCR 1181:1206 RNA was purified from leukocytes isolated from collected blood samples and OGT, OGA, GFPT1 and GFPT2 expressions determined by quantitative real-time PCR. 27896086 9 74 theme distinct 1790:1797 arg1 profiles 1820:1827 distinct ethnic-specific gene profiles 1790:1827 distinct ethnic-specific gene profiles 1790:1827 Gene expression of HBP regulators differs between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, together with distinct ethnic-specific gene profiles. 27896086 0 75 theme type 66:69 arg1 diabetes 73:80 type 2 diabetes 66:80 type 2 diabetes 66:80 Differential hexosamine biosynthetic pathway gene expression with type 2 diabetes. 27896086 5 76 theme GFPT1 1139:1143 arg1 expressions 1155:1165 OGT, OGA, GFPT1 and GFPT2 expressions 1129:1165 OGT, OGA, GFPT1 and GFPT2 expressions 1129:1165 RNA was purified from leukocytes isolated from collected blood samples and OGT, OGA, GFPT1 and GFPT2 expressions determined by quantitative real-time PCR. 27896086 4 77 theme plasma 1007:1012 arg1 glucose 1014:1020 fasting plasma glucose 999:1020 fasting plasma glucose 999:1020 Volunteers (n = 60; n = 20 Mixed Ancestry, n = 40 Caucasian) were recruited from Stellenbosch and Paarl (Western Cape, South Africa) and classified as control, pre- or diabetic according to fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels, respectively. 27896086 8 78 theme Ancestry 1570:1577 arg1 individuals 1579:1589 i.e. Mixed Ancestry individuals 1559:1589 i.e. Mixed Ancestry individuals 1559:1589 We also found ethnic differences, i.e. Mixed Ancestry individuals exhibited a 2.4-fold increase in GFPT2 expression vs. Caucasians, despite diagnosis (P < 0.01). 27896086 10 79 theme candidate 1909:1917 arg1 genes 1934:1938 candidate susceptibility genes 1909:1938 candidate susceptibility genes for different ethnic groupings 1909:1969 Thus differential HBP gene regulation may offer diagnostic utility and provide candidate susceptibility genes for different ethnic groupings. 27896086 5 80 theme GFPT2 1149:1153 arg1 expressions 1155:1165 OGT, OGA, GFPT1 and GFPT2 expressions 1129:1165 OGT, OGA, GFPT1 and GFPT2 expressions 1129:1165 RNA was purified from leukocytes isolated from collected blood samples and OGT, OGA, GFPT1 and GFPT2 expressions determined by quantitative real-time PCR. 27896086 3 81 theme insulin 668:674 arg1 diabetes 694:701 insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes 668:701 insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes 668:701 Since increased HBP flux is glucose-responsive and linked to insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes onset, we hypothesized that diabetic individuals exhibit differential expression of HBP regulatory genes. 27896086 1 82 theme proteins 240:247 arg1 residues 221:228 serine/threonine residues 204:228 serine/threonine residues of target proteins 204:247 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) culminates in the attachment of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) onto serine/threonine residues of target proteins. 27896086 1 82 theme proteins 240:247 arg1 proteins 240:247 target proteins 233:247 target proteins 233:247 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) culminates in the attachment of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) onto serine/threonine residues of target proteins. 27896086 8 83 theme 2.4-fold 1603:1610 arg1 increase 1612:1619 a 2.4-fold increase 1601:1619 a 2.4-fold increase in GFPT2 expression vs. Caucasians 1601:1654 We also found ethnic differences, i.e. Mixed Ancestry individuals exhibited a 2.4-fold increase in GFPT2 expression vs. Caucasians, despite diagnosis (P < 0.01). 27896086 10 84 theme different 1944:1952 arg1 groupings 1961:1969 different ethnic groupings 1944:1969 different ethnic groupings 1944:1969 Thus differential HBP gene regulation may offer diagnostic utility and provide candidate susceptibility genes for different ethnic groupings. 27896086 9 85 theme ethnic-specific 1799:1813 arg1 profiles 1820:1827 distinct ethnic-specific gene profiles 1790:1827 distinct ethnic-specific gene profiles 1790:1827 Gene expression of HBP regulators differs between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, together with distinct ethnic-specific gene profiles. 24176311 0 0 theme vinifera 88:95 arg1 composition 36:46 skin cell wall composition 21:46 skin cell wall composition 21:46 Relationship between skin cell wall composition and anthocyanin extractability of Vitis vinifera L. cv. 24176311 0 0 theme vinifera 88:95 arg1 extractability 64:77 anthocyanin extractability 52:77 anthocyanin extractability 52:77 Relationship between skin cell wall composition and anthocyanin extractability of Vitis vinifera L. cv. 24176311 4 1 theme cell 742:745 arg1 composition 752:762 cell wall composition 742:762 cell wall composition 742:762 Results showed the influence of ripeness degree and contents of soluble solids on cell wall composition. 24176311 0 2 theme Vitis 82:86 arg1 vinifera 88:95 Vitis vinifera 82:95 Vitis vinifera 82:95 Relationship between skin cell wall composition and anthocyanin extractability of Vitis vinifera L. cv. 24176311 6 3 theme polyphenols 1098:1108 arg1 amounts 1049:1055 the highest amounts 1037:1055 the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols 1037:1108 Total insoluble material exhibits the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction, while the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols were positively correlated with anthocyanin extraction. 24176311 6 3 theme polyphenols 1098:1108 arg1 polyphenols 1098:1108 polyphenols 1098:1108 polyphenols 1098:1108 Total insoluble material exhibits the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction, while the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols were positively correlated with anthocyanin extraction. 24176311 6 3 theme polyphenols 1098:1108 arg1 rhamnogalacturonans-II 1071:1092 rhamnogalacturonans-II 1071:1092 rhamnogalacturonans-II 1071:1092 Total insoluble material exhibits the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction, while the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols were positively correlated with anthocyanin extraction. 24176311 6 3 theme polyphenols 1098:1108 arg1 cellulose 1060:1068 cellulose 1060:1068 cellulose 1060:1068 Total insoluble material exhibits the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction, while the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols were positively correlated with anthocyanin extraction. 24176311 7 4 theme compounds 1303:1311 arg1 extraction 1277:1286 the extraction 1273:1286 the extraction of anthocyanin compounds 1273:1311 Moreover, multiple linear regression was performed to assess the influence of the cell wall composition on the extraction of anthocyanin compounds. 24176311 6 5 theme biggest 985:991 arg1 opposition 993:1002 the biggest opposition 981:1002 the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction 981:1028 Total insoluble material exhibits the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction, while the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols were positively correlated with anthocyanin extraction. 24176311 4 6 theme contents 712:719 arg1 influence 679:687 the influence 675:687 the influence of ripeness degree and contents of soluble solids on cell wall composition 675:762 Results showed the influence of ripeness degree and contents of soluble solids on cell wall composition. 24176311 4 7 theme solids 732:737 arg1 contents 712:719 contents 712:719 contents 712:719 Results showed the influence of ripeness degree and contents of soluble solids on cell wall composition. 24176311 4 7 theme solids 732:737 arg1 degree 701:706 ripeness degree 692:706 ripeness degree 692:706 Results showed the influence of ripeness degree and contents of soluble solids on cell wall composition. 24176311 4 8 theme degree 701:706 arg1 influence 679:687 the influence 675:687 the influence of ripeness degree and contents of soluble solids on cell wall composition 675:762 Results showed the influence of ripeness degree and contents of soluble solids on cell wall composition. 24176311 2 9 dep wall 182:185 arg1 composition 187:197 composition 187:197 composition 187:197 The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins was assessed in Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage. 24176311 5 10 theme cell 889:892 arg1 composition 899:909 cell wall composition 889:909 cell wall composition 889:909 Furthermore, principal components analysis was applied to the obtained data set in order to establish relationships between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins. 24176311 4 11 theme wall 747:750 arg1 composition 752:762 cell wall composition 742:762 cell wall composition 742:762 Results showed the influence of ripeness degree and contents of soluble solids on cell wall composition. 24176311 6 12 theme anthocyanin 1142:1152 arg1 extraction 1154:1163 anthocyanin extraction 1142:1163 anthocyanin extraction 1142:1163 Total insoluble material exhibits the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction, while the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols were positively correlated with anthocyanin extraction. 24176311 0 13 dep L. 97:98 arg1 Relationship 0:11 Relationship 0:11 Relationship between skin cell wall composition and anthocyanin extractability of Vitis vinifera 0:95 Relationship between skin cell wall composition and anthocyanin extractability of Vitis vinifera L. cv. 24176311 2 14 from skins 249:253 arg1 anthocyanins 221:232 anthocyanins 221:232 anthocyanins from red grape skins 221:253 The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins was assessed in Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage. 24176311 2 14 from skins 249:253 arg1 relationship 156:167 The relationship 152:167 The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins 152:253 The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins was assessed in Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage. 24176311 2 15 theme contents 396:403 arg1 stages 316:321 three stages 310:321 three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage 310:461 The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins was assessed in Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage. 24176311 5 16 theme principal 778:786 arg1 analysis 799:806 principal components analysis 778:806 principal components analysis 778:806 Furthermore, principal components analysis was applied to the obtained data set in order to establish relationships between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins. 24176311 6 17 theme Total 947:951 arg1 material 963:970 Total insoluble material 947:970 Total insoluble material 947:970 Total insoluble material exhibits the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction, while the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols were positively correlated with anthocyanin extraction. 24176311 7 18 theme cell 1248:1251 arg1 composition 1258:1268 the cell wall composition 1244:1268 the cell wall composition 1244:1268 Moreover, multiple linear regression was performed to assess the influence of the cell wall composition on the extraction of anthocyanin compounds. 24176311 2 19 theme ripening 326:333 arg1 stages 316:321 three stages 310:321 three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage 310:461 The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins was assessed in Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage. 24176311 5 20 theme wall 894:897 arg1 composition 899:909 cell wall composition 889:909 cell wall composition 889:909 Furthermore, principal components analysis was applied to the obtained data set in order to establish relationships between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins. 24176311 2 21 theme different 386:394 arg1 contents 396:403 three different contents 380:403 three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage 380:461 The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins was assessed in Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage. 24176311 5 22 theme components 788:797 arg1 analysis 799:806 principal components analysis 778:806 principal components analysis 778:806 Furthermore, principal components analysis was applied to the obtained data set in order to establish relationships between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins. 24176311 4 23 theme ripeness 692:699 arg1 degree 701:706 ripeness degree 692:706 ripeness degree 692:706 Results showed the influence of ripeness degree and contents of soluble solids on cell wall composition. 24176311 3 24 theme total 591:595 arg1 index 609:613 total polyphenols index 591:613 total polyphenols index 591:613 Cell wall material was isolated and analysed in order to determine cellulose, lignin, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, protein, total polyphenols index and the degree of esterification of pectins. 24176311 6 25 theme cellulose 1060:1068 arg1 amounts 1049:1055 the highest amounts 1037:1055 the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols 1037:1108 Total insoluble material exhibits the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction, while the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols were positively correlated with anthocyanin extraction. 24176311 6 25 theme cellulose 1060:1068 arg1 polyphenols 1098:1108 polyphenols 1098:1108 polyphenols 1098:1108 Total insoluble material exhibits the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction, while the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols were positively correlated with anthocyanin extraction. 24176311 6 25 theme cellulose 1060:1068 arg1 rhamnogalacturonans-II 1071:1092 rhamnogalacturonans-II 1071:1092 rhamnogalacturonans-II 1071:1092 Total insoluble material exhibits the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction, while the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols were positively correlated with anthocyanin extraction. 24176311 6 25 theme cellulose 1060:1068 arg1 cellulose 1060:1068 cellulose 1060:1068 cellulose 1060:1068 Total insoluble material exhibits the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction, while the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols were positively correlated with anthocyanin extraction. 24176311 0 26 theme cell 26:29 arg1 composition 36:46 skin cell wall composition 21:46 skin cell wall composition 21:46 Relationship between skin cell wall composition and anthocyanin extractability of Vitis vinifera L. cv. 24176311 6 27 theme rhamnogalacturonans-II 1071:1092 arg1 amounts 1049:1055 the highest amounts 1037:1055 the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols 1037:1108 Total insoluble material exhibits the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction, while the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols were positively correlated with anthocyanin extraction. 24176311 6 27 theme rhamnogalacturonans-II 1071:1092 arg1 polyphenols 1098:1108 polyphenols 1098:1108 polyphenols 1098:1108 Total insoluble material exhibits the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction, while the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols were positively correlated with anthocyanin extraction. 24176311 6 27 theme rhamnogalacturonans-II 1071:1092 arg1 rhamnogalacturonans-II 1071:1092 rhamnogalacturonans-II 1071:1092 rhamnogalacturonans-II 1071:1092 Total insoluble material exhibits the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction, while the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols were positively correlated with anthocyanin extraction. 24176311 6 27 theme rhamnogalacturonans-II 1071:1092 arg1 cellulose 1060:1068 cellulose 1060:1068 cellulose 1060:1068 Total insoluble material exhibits the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction, while the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols were positively correlated with anthocyanin extraction. 24176311 8 28 theme cell 1333:1336 arg1 composition 1343:1353 cell wall composition and anthocyanin extractabilities 1333:1386 composition 1343:1353 A model connecting cell wall composition and anthocyanin extractabilities was built, explaining 96.2% of the observed variability. 24176311 4 29 theme soluble 724:730 arg1 solids 732:737 soluble solids 724:737 soluble solids 724:737 Results showed the influence of ripeness degree and contents of soluble solids on cell wall composition. 24176311 0 30 theme skin 21:24 arg1 composition 36:46 skin cell wall composition 21:46 skin cell wall composition 21:46 Relationship between skin cell wall composition and anthocyanin extractability of Vitis vinifera L. cv. 24176311 6 31 theme insoluble 953:961 arg1 material 963:970 Total insoluble material 947:970 Total insoluble material 947:970 Total insoluble material exhibits the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction, while the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols were positively correlated with anthocyanin extraction. 24176311 7 32 from influence 1231:1239 arg1 extraction 1277:1286 the extraction 1273:1286 the extraction of anthocyanin compounds 1273:1311 Moreover, multiple linear regression was performed to assess the influence of the cell wall composition on the extraction of anthocyanin compounds. 24176311 8 33 theme anthocyanin 1359:1369 arg1 extractabilities 1371:1386 cell wall composition and anthocyanin extractabilities 1333:1386 extractabilities 1371:1386 A model connecting cell wall composition and anthocyanin extractabilities was built, explaining 96.2% of the observed variability. 24176311 7 34 theme multiple 1176:1183 arg1 regression 1192:1201 multiple linear regression 1176:1201 multiple linear regression 1176:1201 Moreover, multiple linear regression was performed to assess the influence of the cell wall composition on the extraction of anthocyanin compounds. 24176311 3 35 theme wall 469:472 arg1 material 474:481 Cell wall material 464:481 Cell wall material 464:481 Cell wall material was isolated and analysed in order to determine cellulose, lignin, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, protein, total polyphenols index and the degree of esterification of pectins. 24176311 6 36 theme highest 1041:1047 arg1 amounts 1049:1055 the highest amounts 1037:1055 the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols 1037:1108 Total insoluble material exhibits the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction, while the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols were positively correlated with anthocyanin extraction. 24176311 6 36 theme highest 1041:1047 arg1 polyphenols 1098:1108 polyphenols 1098:1108 polyphenols 1098:1108 Total insoluble material exhibits the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction, while the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols were positively correlated with anthocyanin extraction. 24176311 6 36 theme highest 1041:1047 arg1 rhamnogalacturonans-II 1071:1092 rhamnogalacturonans-II 1071:1092 rhamnogalacturonans-II 1071:1092 Total insoluble material exhibits the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction, while the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols were positively correlated with anthocyanin extraction. 24176311 6 36 theme highest 1041:1047 arg1 cellulose 1060:1068 cellulose 1060:1068 cellulose 1060:1068 Total insoluble material exhibits the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction, while the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols were positively correlated with anthocyanin extraction. 24176311 8 37 theme variability 1432:1442 arg1 % 1414:1414 96.2% 1410:1414 96.2% of the observed variability 1410:1442 A model connecting cell wall composition and anthocyanin extractabilities was built, explaining 96.2% of the observed variability. 24176311 8 37 theme variability 1432:1442 arg1 variability 1432:1442 the observed variability 1419:1442 the observed variability 1419:1442 A model connecting cell wall composition and anthocyanin extractabilities was built, explaining 96.2% of the observed variability. 24176311 8 38 theme wall 1338:1341 arg1 composition 1343:1353 cell wall composition and anthocyanin extractabilities 1333:1386 composition 1343:1353 A model connecting cell wall composition and anthocyanin extractabilities was built, explaining 96.2% of the observed variability. 24176311 2 39 theme solids 416:421 arg1 contents 396:403 three different contents 380:403 three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage 380:461 The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins was assessed in Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage. 24176311 2 39 theme solids 416:421 arg1 ripening 326:333 ripening 326:333 ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) 326:374 The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins was assessed in Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage. 24176311 0 40 theme wall 31:34 arg1 composition 36:46 skin cell wall composition 21:46 skin cell wall composition 21:46 Relationship between skin cell wall composition and anthocyanin extractability of Vitis vinifera L. cv. 24176311 7 41 theme linear 1185:1190 arg1 regression 1192:1201 multiple linear regression 1176:1201 multiple linear regression 1176:1201 Moreover, multiple linear regression was performed to assess the influence of the cell wall composition on the extraction of anthocyanin compounds. 24176311 2 42 theme cell 177:180 arg1 wall 182:185 cell wall composition and extractability 177:216 wall 182:185 The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins was assessed in Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage. 24176311 2 43 theme grape 243:247 arg1 skins 249:253 red grape skins 239:253 red grape skins 239:253 The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins was assessed in Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage. 24176311 5 44 theme obtained 827:834 arg1 data 836:839 the obtained data 823:839 the obtained data set 823:843 Furthermore, principal components analysis was applied to the obtained data set in order to establish relationships between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins. 24176311 2 45 theme soluble 408:414 arg1 solids 416:421 soluble solids 408:421 soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage 408:461 The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins was assessed in Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage. 24176311 2 45 theme soluble 408:414 arg1 °Brix 438:442 22, 24 and 26 °Brix 424:442 22, 24 and 26 °Brix 424:442 The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins was assessed in Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage. 24176311 0 46 theme anthocyanin 52:62 arg1 extractability 64:77 anthocyanin extractability 52:77 anthocyanin extractability 52:77 Relationship between skin cell wall composition and anthocyanin extractability of Vitis vinifera L. cv. 24176311 7 47 theme composition 1258:1268 arg1 influence 1231:1239 the influence 1227:1239 the influence of the cell wall composition on the extraction of anthocyanin compounds 1227:1311 Moreover, multiple linear regression was performed to assess the influence of the cell wall composition on the extraction of anthocyanin compounds. 24176311 2 48 theme red 239:241 arg1 skins 249:253 red grape skins 239:253 red grape skins 239:253 The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins was assessed in Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage. 24176311 3 49 theme Cell 464:467 arg1 material 474:481 Cell wall material 464:481 Cell wall material 464:481 Cell wall material was isolated and analysed in order to determine cellulose, lignin, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, protein, total polyphenols index and the degree of esterification of pectins. 24176311 2 50 theme anthocyanins 221:232 arg1 relationship 156:167 The relationship 152:167 The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins 152:253 The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins was assessed in Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage. 24176311 3 51 theme non-cellulosic 550:563 arg1 polysaccharides 565:579 non-cellulosic polysaccharides 550:579 non-cellulosic polysaccharides 550:579 Cell wall material was isolated and analysed in order to determine cellulose, lignin, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, protein, total polyphenols index and the degree of esterification of pectins. 24176311 1 52 theme different 119:127 arg1 degree 144:149 different grape ripeness degree 119:149 different grape ripeness degree 119:149 Tempranillo at different grape ripeness degree. 24176311 3 53 theme pectins 651:657 arg1 polysaccharides 565:579 non-cellulosic polysaccharides 550:579 non-cellulosic polysaccharides 550:579 Cell wall material was isolated and analysed in order to determine cellulose, lignin, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, protein, total polyphenols index and the degree of esterification of pectins. 24176311 3 53 theme pectins 651:657 arg1 index 609:613 total polyphenols index 591:613 total polyphenols index 591:613 Cell wall material was isolated and analysed in order to determine cellulose, lignin, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, protein, total polyphenols index and the degree of esterification of pectins. 24176311 3 53 theme pectins 651:657 arg1 cellulose 531:539 cellulose 531:539 cellulose 531:539 Cell wall material was isolated and analysed in order to determine cellulose, lignin, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, protein, total polyphenols index and the degree of esterification of pectins. 24176311 3 53 theme pectins 651:657 arg1 degree 623:628 the degree 619:628 the degree of esterification 619:646 Cell wall material was isolated and analysed in order to determine cellulose, lignin, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, protein, total polyphenols index and the degree of esterification of pectins. 24176311 3 53 theme pectins 651:657 arg1 protein 582:588 protein 582:588 protein 582:588 Cell wall material was isolated and analysed in order to determine cellulose, lignin, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, protein, total polyphenols index and the degree of esterification of pectins. 24176311 3 53 theme pectins 651:657 arg1 lignin 542:547 lignin 542:547 lignin 542:547 Cell wall material was isolated and analysed in order to determine cellulose, lignin, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, protein, total polyphenols index and the degree of esterification of pectins. 24176311 2 54 theme Tempranillo 271:281 arg1 samples 289:295 Tempranillo grape samples 271:295 Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage 271:461 The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins was assessed in Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage. 24176311 8 55 theme observed 1423:1430 arg1 variability 1432:1442 the observed variability 1419:1442 the observed variability 1419:1442 A model connecting cell wall composition and anthocyanin extractabilities was built, explaining 96.2% of the observed variability. 24176311 1 56 theme grape 129:133 arg1 degree 144:149 different grape ripeness degree 119:149 different grape ripeness degree 119:149 Tempranillo at different grape ripeness degree. 24176311 5 57 theme anthocyanins 933:944 arg1 extractability 915:928 extractability 915:928 extractability of anthocyanins 915:944 Furthermore, principal components analysis was applied to the obtained data set in order to establish relationships between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins. 24176311 5 57 theme anthocyanins 933:944 arg1 composition 899:909 cell wall composition 889:909 cell wall composition 889:909 Furthermore, principal components analysis was applied to the obtained data set in order to establish relationships between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins. 24176311 2 58 theme grape 283:287 arg1 samples 289:295 Tempranillo grape samples 271:295 Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage 271:461 The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins was assessed in Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage. 24176311 3 59 theme polyphenols 597:607 arg1 index 609:613 total polyphenols index 591:613 total polyphenols index 591:613 Cell wall material was isolated and analysed in order to determine cellulose, lignin, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, protein, total polyphenols index and the degree of esterification of pectins. 24176311 1 60 theme ripeness 135:142 arg1 degree 144:149 different grape ripeness degree 119:149 different grape ripeness degree 119:149 Tempranillo at different grape ripeness degree. 24176311 2 61 dep ripening 326:333 arg1 over-ripening 361:373 over-ripening 361:373 over-ripening 361:373 The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins was assessed in Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage. 24176311 2 61 dep ripening 326:333 arg1 harvest 349:355 harvest 349:355 harvest 349:355 The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins was assessed in Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage. 24176311 2 61 dep ripening 326:333 arg1 pre-harvest 336:346 pre-harvest 336:346 pre-harvest 336:346 The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins was assessed in Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage. 24176311 7 62 theme wall 1253:1256 arg1 composition 1258:1268 the cell wall composition 1244:1268 the cell wall composition 1244:1268 Moreover, multiple linear regression was performed to assess the influence of the cell wall composition on the extraction of anthocyanin compounds. 24176311 3 63 theme esterification 633:646 arg1 polysaccharides 565:579 non-cellulosic polysaccharides 550:579 non-cellulosic polysaccharides 550:579 Cell wall material was isolated and analysed in order to determine cellulose, lignin, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, protein, total polyphenols index and the degree of esterification of pectins. 24176311 3 63 theme esterification 633:646 arg1 index 609:613 total polyphenols index 591:613 total polyphenols index 591:613 Cell wall material was isolated and analysed in order to determine cellulose, lignin, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, protein, total polyphenols index and the degree of esterification of pectins. 24176311 3 63 theme esterification 633:646 arg1 cellulose 531:539 cellulose 531:539 cellulose 531:539 Cell wall material was isolated and analysed in order to determine cellulose, lignin, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, protein, total polyphenols index and the degree of esterification of pectins. 24176311 3 63 theme esterification 633:646 arg1 degree 623:628 the degree 619:628 the degree of esterification 619:646 Cell wall material was isolated and analysed in order to determine cellulose, lignin, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, protein, total polyphenols index and the degree of esterification of pectins. 24176311 3 63 theme esterification 633:646 arg1 protein 582:588 protein 582:588 protein 582:588 Cell wall material was isolated and analysed in order to determine cellulose, lignin, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, protein, total polyphenols index and the degree of esterification of pectins. 24176311 3 63 theme esterification 633:646 arg1 lignin 542:547 lignin 542:547 lignin 542:547 Cell wall material was isolated and analysed in order to determine cellulose, lignin, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, protein, total polyphenols index and the degree of esterification of pectins. 24176311 4 64 from influence 679:687 arg1 composition 752:762 cell wall composition 742:762 cell wall composition 742:762 Results showed the influence of ripeness degree and contents of soluble solids on cell wall composition. 24176311 2 65 from relationship 156:167 arg1 skins 249:253 red grape skins 239:253 red grape skins 239:253 The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins was assessed in Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage. 24176311 7 66 theme anthocyanin 1291:1301 arg1 compounds 1303:1311 anthocyanin compounds 1291:1311 anthocyanin compounds 1291:1311 Moreover, multiple linear regression was performed to assess the influence of the cell wall composition on the extraction of anthocyanin compounds. 24176311 1 67 dep Tempranillo 104:114 arg1 degree 144:149 different grape ripeness degree 119:149 different grape ripeness degree 119:149 Tempranillo at different grape ripeness degree. 24176311 6 68 theme anthocyanin 1007:1017 arg1 extraction 1019:1028 anthocyanin extraction 1007:1028 anthocyanin extraction 1007:1028 Total insoluble material exhibits the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction, while the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols were positively correlated with anthocyanin extraction. 27070023 4 0 theme thermogravimetric 733:749 arg1 TGA 761:763 TGA 761:763 TGA 761:763 In order to assess the stability of macroalgal tissues and their likely contribution to long-term pools of C, we applied thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to 14 taxa of marine macroalgae and coastal vascular plants. 27070023 4 0 theme thermogravimetric 733:749 arg1 analysis 751:758 thermogravimetric analysis 733:758 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 733:764 In order to assess the stability of macroalgal tissues and their likely contribution to long-term pools of C, we applied thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to 14 taxa of marine macroalgae and coastal vascular plants. 27070023 2 1 theme long-term 293:301 arg1 sequestration 303:315 long-term sequestration 293:315 long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C) 293:337 While blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) are efficient at long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C), much of their sequestered C may originate from other (allochthonous) habitats. 27070023 6 2 theme plant 1156:1160 arg1 tissues 1162:1168 Vascular plant tissues 1147:1168 Vascular plant tissues 1147:1168 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 3 3 theme production 458:467 arg1 rates 449:453 their high rates 438:453 their high rates of production, fragmentation, and ability to be transported 438:513 Macroalgae, due to their high rates of production, fragmentation, and ability to be transported, would also appear to be able to make a significant contribution as C donors to blue C habitats. 27070023 5 4 theme tissue 1098:1103 arg1 function 1105:1112 tissue function 1098:1112 tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment) 1098:1144 We assessed the structural complexity of multiple lineages of plant and tissue types with differing cell wall structures and found that decomposition dynamics varied significantly according to differences in cell wall structure and composition among taxonomic groups and tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment). 27070023 4 5 theme C 719:719 arg1 pools 710:714 long-term pools 700:714 long-term pools of C 700:719 In order to assess the stability of macroalgal tissues and their likely contribution to long-term pools of C, we applied thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to 14 taxa of marine macroalgae and coastal vascular plants. 27070023 3 6 theme blue 595:598 arg1 habitats 602:609 blue C habitats 595:609 blue C habitats 595:609 Macroalgae, due to their high rates of production, fragmentation, and ability to be transported, would also appear to be able to make a significant contribution as C donors to blue C habitats. 27070023 9 7 from macroalgae 2094:2103 arg1 compounds 1998:2006 refractory, taxon-specific compounds 1971:2006 refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses 1971:2118 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 9 7 from macroalgae 2094:2103 arg1 role 1963:1966 the potentially significant role 1935:1966 the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage 1935:2160 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 9 7 from macroalgae 2094:2103 arg1 sources 1923:1929 vascular plant sources 1908:1929 vascular plant sources 1908:1929 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 7 8 theme relative 1517:1524 arg1 variation 1441:1449 Greater variation 1433:1449 Greater variation 1433:1449 Greater variation in thermogravimetric signatures within and among macroalgal taxa, relative to vascular plants, was also consistent with the diversity of cell wall structure and composition among groups. 27070023 5 9 theme cell 927:930 arg1 structures 937:946 cell wall structures 927:946 cell wall structures 927:946 We assessed the structural complexity of multiple lineages of plant and tissue types with differing cell wall structures and found that decomposition dynamics varied significantly according to differences in cell wall structure and composition among taxonomic groups and tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment). 27070023 3 10 theme fragmentation 470:482 arg1 rates 449:453 their high rates 438:453 their high rates of production, fragmentation, and ability to be transported 438:513 Macroalgae, due to their high rates of production, fragmentation, and ability to be transported, would also appear to be able to make a significant contribution as C donors to blue C habitats. 27070023 4 11 theme macroalgae 787:796 arg1 plants 819:824 coastal vascular plants 802:824 coastal vascular plants 802:824 In order to assess the stability of macroalgal tissues and their likely contribution to long-term pools of C, we applied thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to 14 taxa of marine macroalgae and coastal vascular plants. 27070023 4 11 theme macroalgae 787:796 arg1 taxa 772:775 14 taxa 769:775 14 taxa of marine macroalgae 769:796 In order to assess the stability of macroalgal tissues and their likely contribution to long-term pools of C, we applied thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to 14 taxa of marine macroalgae and coastal vascular plants. 27070023 1 12 contain have 110:113 arg1 ecosystems 99:108 Many marine ecosystems 87:108 Many marine ecosystems 87:108 Many marine ecosystems have the capacity for long-term storage of organic carbon (C) in what are termed "blue carbon" systems. 27070023 1 12 contain have 110:113 arg2 capacity 119:126 the capacity 115:126 the capacity for long-term storage of organic carbon (C) 115:170 Many marine ecosystems have the capacity for long-term storage of organic carbon (C) in what are termed "blue carbon" systems. 27070023 6 13 theme greater 1215:1221 arg1 proportion 1223:1232 a greater proportion 1213:1232 a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) 1213:1309 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 9 14 theme compounds 1998:2006 arg1 role 1963:1966 the potentially significant role 1935:1966 the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage 1935:2160 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 9 14 theme compounds 1998:2006 arg1 sources 1923:1929 vascular plant sources 1908:1929 vascular plant sources 1908:1929 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 8 15 theme taxon-specific 1782:1795 arg1 compounds 1797:1805 taxon-specific compounds 1782:1805 taxon-specific compounds 1782:1805 Significant degradation above 600 degrees C for some macroalgae, as well as some belowground seagrass tissues, is likely due to the presence of taxon-specific compounds. 27070023 5 16 theme tissue 899:904 arg1 types 906:910 plant and tissue types 889:910 types 906:910 We assessed the structural complexity of multiple lineages of plant and tissue types with differing cell wall structures and found that decomposition dynamics varied significantly according to differences in cell wall structure and composition among taxonomic groups and tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment). 27070023 8 17 theme Significant 1638:1648 arg1 degradation 1650:1660 Significant degradation 1638:1660 Significant degradation above 600 degrees C for some macroalgae, as well as some belowground seagrass tissues, 1638:1747 Significant degradation above 600 degrees C for some macroalgae, as well as some belowground seagrass tissues, is likely due to the presence of taxon-specific compounds. 27070023 10 18 theme refractory 2214:2223 arg1 compounds 2225:2233 refractory compounds 2214:2233 refractory compounds 2214:2233 This study shows that marine macroalgae do contain refractory compounds and thus may be more valuable to long-term carbon sequestration than we previously have considered. 27070023 9 19 theme study 1828:1832 arg1 results 1812:1818 The results 1808:1818 The results of this study 1808:1832 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 6 20 theme greater 1190:1196 arg1 stability 1198:1206 greater stability 1190:1206 greater stability 1190:1206 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 2 21 theme blue 220:223 arg1 saltmarsh 241:249 saltmarsh 241:249 saltmarsh 241:249 While blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) are efficient at long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C), much of their sequestered C may originate from other (allochthonous) habitats. 27070023 2 21 theme blue 220:223 arg1 systems 232:238 blue carbon systems 220:238 blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) 220:274 While blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) are efficient at long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C), much of their sequestered C may originate from other (allochthonous) habitats. 27070023 2 21 theme blue 220:223 arg1 mangrove 252:259 mangrove 252:259 mangrove 252:259 While blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) are efficient at long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C), much of their sequestered C may originate from other (allochthonous) habitats. 27070023 2 21 theme blue 220:223 arg1 seagrass 266:273 seagrass 266:273 seagrass 266:273 While blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) are efficient at long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C), much of their sequestered C may originate from other (allochthonous) habitats. 27070023 1 22 theme long-term 132:140 arg1 storage 142:148 long-term storage 132:148 long-term storage of organic carbon (C) 132:170 Many marine ecosystems have the capacity for long-term storage of organic carbon (C) in what are termed "blue carbon" systems. 27070023 7 23 theme wall 1593:1596 arg1 structure 1598:1606 cell wall structure 1588:1606 cell wall structure 1588:1606 Greater variation in thermogravimetric signatures within and among macroalgal taxa, relative to vascular plants, was also consistent with the diversity of cell wall structure and composition among groups. 27070023 7 24 theme thermogravimetric 1454:1470 arg1 signatures 1472:1481 thermogravimetric signatures 1454:1481 thermogravimetric signatures within and among macroalgal taxa 1454:1514 Greater variation in thermogravimetric signatures within and among macroalgal taxa, relative to vascular plants, was also consistent with the diversity of cell wall structure and composition among groups. 27070023 0 25 theme blue 60:63 arg1 sequestration 72:84 blue carbon sequestration 60:84 blue carbon sequestration 60:84 Comparison of marine macrophytes for their contributions to blue carbon sequestration. 27070023 0 26 theme marine 14:19 arg1 macrophytes 21:31 marine macrophytes 14:31 marine macrophytes 14:31 Comparison of marine macrophytes for their contributions to blue carbon sequestration. 27070023 6 27 theme vascular 1416:1423 arg1 plants 1425:1430 vascular plants 1416:1430 vascular plants 1416:1430 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 1 28 theme carbon 161:166 arg1 storage 142:148 long-term storage 132:148 long-term storage of organic carbon (C) 132:170 Many marine ecosystems have the capacity for long-term storage of organic carbon (C) in what are termed "blue carbon" systems. 27070023 4 29 theme coastal 802:808 arg1 plants 819:824 coastal vascular plants 802:824 coastal vascular plants 802:824 In order to assess the stability of macroalgal tissues and their likely contribution to long-term pools of C, we applied thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to 14 taxa of marine macroalgae and coastal vascular plants. 27070023 9 30 theme lignocellulose 1866:1879 arg1 matrix 1881:1886 the lignocellulose matrix 1862:1886 the lignocellulose matrix 1862:1886 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 6 31 dep temperatures 1250:1261 arg1 C 1308:1308 peak mass loss -320 degrees C 1280:1308 peak mass loss -320 degrees C 1280:1308 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 6 31 dep temperatures 1250:1261 arg1 C 1277:1277 > 300 degrees C 1263:1277 temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) 1250:1309 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 4 32 theme macroalgal 648:657 arg1 tissues 659:665 macroalgal tissues 648:665 macroalgal tissues 648:665 In order to assess the stability of macroalgal tissues and their likely contribution to long-term pools of C, we applied thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to 14 taxa of marine macroalgae and coastal vascular plants. 27070023 9 33 theme long-term 2130:2138 arg1 storage 2154:2160 their long-term sedimentary C storage 2124:2160 their long-term sedimentary C storage 2124:2160 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 6 34 theme loss 1242:1245 arg1 proportion 1223:1232 a greater proportion 1213:1232 a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) 1213:1309 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 5 35 theme decomposition 963:975 arg1 dynamics 977:984 decomposition dynamics 963:984 decomposition dynamics 963:984 We assessed the structural complexity of multiple lineages of plant and tissue types with differing cell wall structures and found that decomposition dynamics varied significantly according to differences in cell wall structure and composition among taxonomic groups and tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment). 27070023 9 36 from role 1963:1966 arg1 seagrasses 2109:2118 seagrasses 2109:2118 seagrasses 2109:2118 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 9 36 from role 1963:1966 arg1 macroalgae 2094:2103 macroalgae 2094:2103 macroalgae 2094:2103 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 9 37 theme C 2152:2152 arg1 storage 2154:2160 their long-term sedimentary C storage 2124:2160 their long-term sedimentary C storage 2124:2160 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 1 38 theme marine 92:97 arg1 ecosystems 99:108 Many marine ecosystems 87:108 Many marine ecosystems 87:108 Many marine ecosystems have the capacity for long-term storage of organic carbon (C) in what are termed "blue carbon" systems. 27070023 2 39 theme C 366:366 arg1 much 340:343 much 340:343 much 340:343 While blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) are efficient at long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C), much of their sequestered C may originate from other (allochthonous) habitats. 27070023 9 40 theme vascular 1908:1915 arg1 sources 1923:1929 vascular plant sources 1908:1929 vascular plant sources 1908:1929 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 6 41 theme degrees 1300:1306 arg1 C 1308:1308 peak mass loss -320 degrees C 1280:1308 peak mass loss -320 degrees C 1280:1308 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 6 41 theme degrees 1300:1306 arg1 C 1277:1277 > 300 degrees C 1263:1277 temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) 1250:1309 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 8 42 theme seagrass 1731:1738 arg1 tissues 1740:1746 some belowground seagrass tissues 1714:1746 some belowground seagrass tissues 1714:1746 Significant degradation above 600 degrees C for some macroalgae, as well as some belowground seagrass tissues, is likely due to the presence of taxon-specific compounds. 27070023 9 43 theme sources 1923:1929 arg1 stability 1895:1903 the stability 1891:1903 the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage 1891:2160 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 6 44 theme loss 1290:1293 arg1 C 1308:1308 peak mass loss -320 degrees C 1280:1308 peak mass loss -320 degrees C 1280:1308 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 6 44 theme loss 1290:1293 arg1 C 1277:1277 > 300 degrees C 1263:1277 temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) 1250:1309 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 2 45 theme other 387:391 arg1 habitats 409:416 other (allochthonous) habitats 387:416 other (allochthonous) habitats 387:416 While blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) are efficient at long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C), much of their sequestered C may originate from other (allochthonous) habitats. 27070023 2 45 theme other 387:391 arg1 allochthonous 394:406 allochthonous 394:406 allochthonous 394:406 While blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) are efficient at long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C), much of their sequestered C may originate from other (allochthonous) habitats. 27070023 6 46 theme peak 1280:1283 arg1 C 1308:1308 peak mass loss -320 degrees C 1280:1308 peak mass loss -320 degrees C 1280:1308 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 6 46 theme peak 1280:1283 arg1 C 1277:1277 > 300 degrees C 1263:1277 temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) 1250:1309 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 5 47 theme cell 1035:1038 arg1 structure 1045:1053 cell wall structure 1035:1053 cell wall structure 1035:1053 We assessed the structural complexity of multiple lineages of plant and tissue types with differing cell wall structures and found that decomposition dynamics varied significantly according to differences in cell wall structure and composition among taxonomic groups and tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment). 27070023 7 48 from variation 1441:1449 arg1 signatures 1472:1481 thermogravimetric signatures 1454:1481 thermogravimetric signatures within and among macroalgal taxa 1454:1514 Greater variation in thermogravimetric signatures within and among macroalgal taxa, relative to vascular plants, was also consistent with the diversity of cell wall structure and composition among groups. 27070023 9 49 theme significant 1951:1961 arg1 role 1963:1966 the potentially significant role 1935:1966 the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage 1935:2160 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 8 50 theme degrees 1672:1678 arg1 C 1680:1680 600 degrees C 1668:1680 600 degrees C 1668:1680 Significant degradation above 600 degrees C for some macroalgae, as well as some belowground seagrass tissues, is likely due to the presence of taxon-specific compounds. 27070023 1 51 theme blue 192:195 arg1 systems 205:211 blue carbon" systems 192:211 blue carbon" systems 192:211 Many marine ecosystems have the capacity for long-term storage of organic carbon (C) in what are termed "blue carbon" systems. 27070023 4 52 theme likely 677:682 arg1 contribution 684:695 their likely contribution 671:695 their likely contribution to long-term pools of C 671:719 In order to assess the stability of macroalgal tissues and their likely contribution to long-term pools of C, we applied thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to 14 taxa of marine macroalgae and coastal vascular plants. 27070023 2 53 theme organic 320:326 arg1 C 336:336 C 336:336 C 336:336 While blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) are efficient at long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C), much of their sequestered C may originate from other (allochthonous) habitats. 27070023 2 53 theme organic 320:326 arg1 carbon 328:333 organic carbon 320:333 organic carbon (C) 320:337 While blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) are efficient at long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C), much of their sequestered C may originate from other (allochthonous) habitats. 27070023 1 54 theme " 203:203 arg1 systems 205:211 blue carbon" systems 192:211 blue carbon" systems 192:211 Many marine ecosystems have the capacity for long-term storage of organic carbon (C) in what are termed "blue carbon" systems. 27070023 5 55 theme multiple 868:875 arg1 lineages 877:884 multiple lineages 868:884 multiple lineages of plant and tissue types 868:910 We assessed the structural complexity of multiple lineages of plant and tissue types with differing cell wall structures and found that decomposition dynamics varied significantly according to differences in cell wall structure and composition among taxonomic groups and tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment). 27070023 8 56 theme belowground 1719:1729 arg1 tissues 1740:1746 some belowground seagrass tissues 1714:1746 some belowground seagrass tissues 1714:1746 Significant degradation above 600 degrees C for some macroalgae, as well as some belowground seagrass tissues, is likely due to the presence of taxon-specific compounds. 27070023 9 57 theme long-chain 2021:2030 arg1 lipids 2032:2037 long-chain lipids 2021:2037 long-chain lipids 2021:2037 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 6 58 theme peak 1328:1331 arg1 loss 1338:1341 peak mass loss 1328:1341 peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C 1328:1367 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 5 59 theme taxonomic 1077:1085 arg1 groups 1087:1092 taxonomic groups 1077:1092 taxonomic groups 1077:1092 We assessed the structural complexity of multiple lineages of plant and tissue types with differing cell wall structures and found that decomposition dynamics varied significantly according to differences in cell wall structure and composition among taxonomic groups and tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment). 27070023 3 60 theme C 583:583 arg1 donors 585:590 C donors 583:590 C donors 583:590 Macroalgae, due to their high rates of production, fragmentation, and ability to be transported, would also appear to be able to make a significant contribution as C donors to blue C habitats. 27070023 5 61 from differences 1020:1030 arg1 composition 1059:1069 composition 1059:1069 composition 1059:1069 We assessed the structural complexity of multiple lineages of plant and tissue types with differing cell wall structures and found that decomposition dynamics varied significantly according to differences in cell wall structure and composition among taxonomic groups and tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment). 27070023 5 61 from differences 1020:1030 arg1 function 1105:1112 tissue function 1098:1112 tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment) 1098:1144 We assessed the structural complexity of multiple lineages of plant and tissue types with differing cell wall structures and found that decomposition dynamics varied significantly according to differences in cell wall structure and composition among taxonomic groups and tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment). 27070023 5 61 from differences 1020:1030 arg1 structure 1045:1053 cell wall structure 1035:1053 cell wall structure 1035:1053 We assessed the structural complexity of multiple lineages of plant and tissue types with differing cell wall structures and found that decomposition dynamics varied significantly according to differences in cell wall structure and composition among taxonomic groups and tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment). 27070023 6 62 theme Vascular 1147:1154 arg1 tissues 1162:1168 Vascular plant tissues 1147:1168 Vascular plant tissues 1147:1168 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 3 63 theme high 444:447 arg1 rates 449:453 their high rates 438:453 their high rates of production, fragmentation, and ability to be transported 438:513 Macroalgae, due to their high rates of production, fragmentation, and ability to be transported, would also appear to be able to make a significant contribution as C donors to blue C habitats. 27070023 6 64 theme lignocellulose 1391:1404 arg1 matrix 1406:1411 the lignocellulose matrix 1387:1411 the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants 1387:1430 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 2 65 from sequestration 303:315 arg1 efficient 280:288 efficient 280:288 efficient 280:288 While blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) are efficient at long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C), much of their sequestered C may originate from other (allochthonous) habitats. 27070023 3 66 theme C 600:600 arg1 habitats 602:609 blue C habitats 595:609 blue C habitats 595:609 Macroalgae, due to their high rates of production, fragmentation, and ability to be transported, would also appear to be able to make a significant contribution as C donors to blue C habitats. 27070023 6 67 theme mass 1237:1240 arg1 loss 1242:1245 mass loss 1237:1245 mass loss 1237:1245 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 7 68 theme macroalgal 1500:1509 arg1 taxa 1511:1514 macroalgal taxa 1500:1514 macroalgal taxa 1500:1514 Greater variation in thermogravimetric signatures within and among macroalgal taxa, relative to vascular plants, was also consistent with the diversity of cell wall structure and composition among groups. 27070023 5 69 theme wall 932:935 arg1 structures 937:946 cell wall structures 927:946 cell wall structures 927:946 We assessed the structural complexity of multiple lineages of plant and tissue types with differing cell wall structures and found that decomposition dynamics varied significantly according to differences in cell wall structure and composition among taxonomic groups and tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment). 27070023 4 70 theme marine 780:785 arg1 macroalgae 787:796 marine macroalgae 780:796 marine macroalgae 780:796 In order to assess the stability of macroalgal tissues and their likely contribution to long-term pools of C, we applied thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to 14 taxa of marine macroalgae and coastal vascular plants. 27070023 5 71 dep function 1105:1112 arg1 attachment 1134:1143 attachment 1134:1143 attachment 1134:1143 We assessed the structural complexity of multiple lineages of plant and tissue types with differing cell wall structures and found that decomposition dynamics varied significantly according to differences in cell wall structure and composition among taxonomic groups and tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment). 27070023 5 71 dep function 1105:1112 arg1 photosynthetic 1115:1128 photosynthetic 1115:1128 photosynthetic 1115:1128 We assessed the structural complexity of multiple lineages of plant and tissue types with differing cell wall structures and found that decomposition dynamics varied significantly according to differences in cell wall structure and composition among taxonomic groups and tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment). 27070023 10 72 theme carbon 2278:2283 arg1 sequestration 2285:2297 long-term carbon sequestration 2268:2297 long-term carbon sequestration 2268:2297 This study shows that marine macroalgae do contain refractory compounds and thus may be more valuable to long-term carbon sequestration than we previously have considered. 27070023 8 73 theme compounds 1797:1805 arg1 presence 1770:1777 the presence 1766:1777 the presence of taxon-specific compounds 1766:1805 Significant degradation above 600 degrees C for some macroalgae, as well as some belowground seagrass tissues, is likely due to the presence of taxon-specific compounds. 27070023 9 74 dep compounds 1998:2006 arg1 alginates 2040:2048 alginates 2040:2048 alginates 2040:2048 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 9 74 dep compounds 1998:2006 arg1 carbonates 2009:2018 carbonates 2009:2018 carbonates 2009:2018 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 9 74 dep compounds 1998:2006 arg1 lipids 2032:2037 long-chain lipids 2021:2037 long-chain lipids 2021:2037 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 9 74 dep compounds 1998:2006 arg1 polysaccharides 2072:2086 sulfated polysaccharides 2063:2086 sulfated polysaccharides 2063:2086 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 9 74 dep compounds 1998:2006 arg1 xylans 2051:2056 xylans 2051:2056 xylans 2051:2056 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 3 75 theme ability 489:495 arg1 rates 449:453 their high rates 438:453 their high rates of production, fragmentation, and ability to be transported 438:513 Macroalgae, due to their high rates of production, fragmentation, and ability to be transported, would also appear to be able to make a significant contribution as C donors to blue C habitats. 27070023 4 76 dep assess 624:629 arg1 to 621:622 to 621:622 to 621:622 In order to assess the stability of macroalgal tissues and their likely contribution to long-term pools of C, we applied thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to 14 taxa of marine macroalgae and coastal vascular plants. 27070023 9 77 theme sulfated 2063:2070 arg1 polysaccharides 2072:2086 sulfated polysaccharides 2063:2086 sulfated polysaccharides 2063:2086 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 6 78 with consistent 1371:1380 arg1 matrix 1406:1411 the lignocellulose matrix 1387:1411 the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants 1387:1430 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 5 79 theme types 906:910 arg1 lineages 877:884 multiple lineages 868:884 multiple lineages of plant and tissue types 868:910 We assessed the structural complexity of multiple lineages of plant and tissue types with differing cell wall structures and found that decomposition dynamics varied significantly according to differences in cell wall structure and composition among taxonomic groups and tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment). 27070023 2 80 theme carbon 225:230 arg1 saltmarsh 241:249 saltmarsh 241:249 saltmarsh 241:249 While blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) are efficient at long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C), much of their sequestered C may originate from other (allochthonous) habitats. 27070023 2 80 theme carbon 225:230 arg1 systems 232:238 blue carbon systems 220:238 blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) 220:274 While blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) are efficient at long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C), much of their sequestered C may originate from other (allochthonous) habitats. 27070023 2 80 theme carbon 225:230 arg1 mangrove 252:259 mangrove 252:259 mangrove 252:259 While blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) are efficient at long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C), much of their sequestered C may originate from other (allochthonous) habitats. 27070023 2 80 theme carbon 225:230 arg1 seagrass 266:273 seagrass 266:273 seagrass 266:273 While blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) are efficient at long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C), much of their sequestered C may originate from other (allochthonous) habitats. 27070023 7 81 theme composition 1612:1622 arg1 diversity 1575:1583 the diversity 1571:1583 the diversity of cell wall structure and composition among groups 1571:1635 Greater variation in thermogravimetric signatures within and among macroalgal taxa, relative to vascular plants, was also consistent with the diversity of cell wall structure and composition among groups. 27070023 7 82 with consistent 1555:1564 arg1 diversity 1575:1583 the diversity 1571:1583 the diversity of cell wall structure and composition among groups 1571:1635 Greater variation in thermogravimetric signatures within and among macroalgal taxa, relative to vascular plants, was also consistent with the diversity of cell wall structure and composition among groups. 27070023 0 83 theme carbon 65:70 arg1 sequestration 72:84 blue carbon sequestration 60:84 blue carbon sequestration 60:84 Comparison of marine macrophytes for their contributions to blue carbon sequestration. 27070023 6 84 theme plants 1425:1430 arg1 matrix 1406:1411 the lignocellulose matrix 1387:1411 the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants 1387:1430 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 7 85 theme structure 1598:1606 arg1 diversity 1575:1583 the diversity 1571:1583 the diversity of cell wall structure and composition among groups 1571:1635 Greater variation in thermogravimetric signatures within and among macroalgal taxa, relative to vascular plants, was also consistent with the diversity of cell wall structure and composition among groups. 27070023 7 86 theme Greater 1433:1439 arg1 variation 1441:1449 Greater variation 1433:1449 Greater variation 1433:1449 Greater variation in thermogravimetric signatures within and among macroalgal taxa, relative to vascular plants, was also consistent with the diversity of cell wall structure and composition among groups. 27070023 2 87 dep systems 232:238 arg1 saltmarsh 241:249 saltmarsh 241:249 saltmarsh 241:249 While blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) are efficient at long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C), much of their sequestered C may originate from other (allochthonous) habitats. 27070023 2 87 dep systems 232:238 arg1 systems 232:238 blue carbon systems 220:238 blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) 220:274 While blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) are efficient at long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C), much of their sequestered C may originate from other (allochthonous) habitats. 27070023 2 87 dep systems 232:238 arg1 mangrove 252:259 mangrove 252:259 mangrove 252:259 While blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) are efficient at long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C), much of their sequestered C may originate from other (allochthonous) habitats. 27070023 2 87 dep systems 232:238 arg1 seagrass 266:273 seagrass 266:273 seagrass 266:273 While blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) are efficient at long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C), much of their sequestered C may originate from other (allochthonous) habitats. 27070023 6 88 theme degrees 1269:1275 arg1 C 1308:1308 peak mass loss -320 degrees C 1280:1308 peak mass loss -320 degrees C 1280:1308 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 6 88 theme degrees 1269:1275 arg1 C 1277:1277 > 300 degrees C 1263:1277 temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) 1250:1309 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 9 89 dep refractory 1971:1980 arg1 taxon-specific 1983:1996 taxon-specific 1983:1996 taxon-specific 1983:1996 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 1 90 theme organic 153:159 arg1 C 169:169 C 169:169 C 169:169 Many marine ecosystems have the capacity for long-term storage of organic carbon (C) in what are termed "blue carbon" systems. 27070023 1 90 theme organic 153:159 arg1 carbon 161:166 organic carbon 153:166 organic carbon (C) 153:170 Many marine ecosystems have the capacity for long-term storage of organic carbon (C) in what are termed "blue carbon" systems. 27070023 7 91 theme cell 1588:1591 arg1 structure 1598:1606 cell wall structure 1588:1606 cell wall structure 1588:1606 Greater variation in thermogravimetric signatures within and among macroalgal taxa, relative to vascular plants, was also consistent with the diversity of cell wall structure and composition among groups. 27070023 10 92 theme long-term 2268:2276 arg1 sequestration 2285:2297 long-term carbon sequestration 2268:2297 long-term carbon sequestration 2268:2297 This study shows that marine macroalgae do contain refractory compounds and thus may be more valuable to long-term carbon sequestration than we previously have considered. 27070023 9 93 theme matrix 1881:1886 arg1 importance 1848:1857 the importance 1844:1857 the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage 1844:2160 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 4 94 theme vascular 810:817 arg1 plants 819:824 coastal vascular plants 802:824 coastal vascular plants 802:824 In order to assess the stability of macroalgal tissues and their likely contribution to long-term pools of C, we applied thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to 14 taxa of marine macroalgae and coastal vascular plants. 27070023 9 95 theme sedimentary 2140:2150 arg1 storage 2154:2160 their long-term sedimentary C storage 2124:2160 their long-term sedimentary C storage 2124:2160 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 6 96 from temperatures 1250:1261 arg1 proportion 1223:1232 a greater proportion 1213:1232 a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) 1213:1309 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 1 97 theme Many 87:90 arg1 ecosystems 99:108 Many marine ecosystems 87:108 Many marine ecosystems 87:108 Many marine ecosystems have the capacity for long-term storage of organic carbon (C) in what are termed "blue carbon" systems. 27070023 10 98 theme marine 2185:2190 arg1 macroalgae 2192:2201 marine macroalgae 2185:2201 marine macroalgae 2185:2201 This study shows that marine macroalgae do contain refractory compounds and thus may be more valuable to long-term carbon sequestration than we previously have considered. 27070023 2 99 theme carbon 328:333 arg1 sequestration 303:315 long-term sequestration 293:315 long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C) 293:337 While blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) are efficient at long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C), much of their sequestered C may originate from other (allochthonous) habitats. 27070023 0 100 theme macrophytes 21:31 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of marine macrophytes for their contributions to blue carbon sequestration. 0:85 Comparison of marine macrophytes for their contributions to blue carbon sequestration. 27070023 2 101 theme sequestered 354:364 arg1 C 366:366 their sequestered C 348:366 their sequestered C 348:366 While blue carbon systems (saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass) are efficient at long-term sequestration of organic carbon (C), much of their sequestered C may originate from other (allochthonous) habitats. 27070023 5 102 dep varied 986:991 arg1 according 1007:1015 according 1007:1015 varied significantly according to differences in cell wall structure and composition among taxonomic groups and tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment) 986:1144 We assessed the structural complexity of multiple lineages of plant and tissue types with differing cell wall structures and found that decomposition dynamics varied significantly according to differences in cell wall structure and composition among taxonomic groups and tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment). 27070023 9 103 theme plant 1917:1921 arg1 sources 1923:1929 vascular plant sources 1908:1929 vascular plant sources 1908:1929 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 10 104 contain contain 2206:2212 arg1 macroalgae 2192:2201 marine macroalgae 2185:2201 marine macroalgae 2185:2201 This study shows that marine macroalgae do contain refractory compounds and thus may be more valuable to long-term carbon sequestration than we previously have considered. 27070023 10 104 contain contain 2206:2212 arg2 compounds 2225:2233 refractory compounds 2214:2233 refractory compounds 2214:2233 This study shows that marine macroalgae do contain refractory compounds and thus may be more valuable to long-term carbon sequestration than we previously have considered. 27070023 5 105 theme lineages 877:884 arg1 complexity 854:863 the structural complexity 839:863 the structural complexity of multiple lineages of plant and tissue types 839:910 We assessed the structural complexity of multiple lineages of plant and tissue types with differing cell wall structures and found that decomposition dynamics varied significantly according to differences in cell wall structure and composition among taxonomic groups and tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment). 27070023 7 106 theme vascular 1529:1536 arg1 plants 1538:1543 vascular plants 1529:1543 vascular plants 1529:1543 Greater variation in thermogravimetric signatures within and among macroalgal taxa, relative to vascular plants, was also consistent with the diversity of cell wall structure and composition among groups. 27070023 9 107 from sources 1923:1929 arg1 seagrasses 2109:2118 seagrasses 2109:2118 seagrasses 2109:2118 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 9 107 from sources 1923:1929 arg1 macroalgae 2094:2103 macroalgae 2094:2103 macroalgae 2094:2103 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 6 108 theme mass 1285:1288 arg1 C 1308:1308 peak mass loss -320 degrees C 1280:1308 peak mass loss -320 degrees C 1280:1308 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 6 108 theme mass 1285:1288 arg1 C 1277:1277 > 300 degrees C 1263:1277 temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) 1250:1309 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 5 109 theme plant 889:893 arg1 types 906:910 plant and tissue types 889:910 types 906:910 We assessed the structural complexity of multiple lineages of plant and tissue types with differing cell wall structures and found that decomposition dynamics varied significantly according to differences in cell wall structure and composition among taxonomic groups and tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment). 27070023 9 110 from seagrasses 2109:2118 arg1 compounds 1998:2006 refractory, taxon-specific compounds 1971:2006 refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses 1971:2118 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 9 110 from seagrasses 2109:2118 arg1 role 1963:1966 the potentially significant role 1935:1966 the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage 1935:2160 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 9 110 from seagrasses 2109:2118 arg1 sources 1923:1929 vascular plant sources 1908:1929 vascular plant sources 1908:1929 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 3 111 theme significant 555:565 arg1 contribution 567:578 a significant contribution 553:578 a significant contribution as C donors to blue C habitats 553:609 Macroalgae, due to their high rates of production, fragmentation, and ability to be transported, would also appear to be able to make a significant contribution as C donors to blue C habitats. 27070023 4 112 theme long-term 700:708 arg1 pools 710:714 long-term pools 700:714 long-term pools of C 700:719 In order to assess the stability of macroalgal tissues and their likely contribution to long-term pools of C, we applied thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to 14 taxa of marine macroalgae and coastal vascular plants. 27070023 3 113 theme due 431:433 arg1 Macroalgae 419:428 Macroalgae 419:428 Macroalgae 419:428 Macroalgae, due to their high rates of production, fragmentation, and ability to be transported, would also appear to be able to make a significant contribution as C donors to blue C habitats. 27070023 6 114 theme degrees 1359:1365 arg1 C 1367:1367 175-300 degrees C 1351:1367 175-300 degrees C 1351:1367 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 27070023 5 115 theme wall 1040:1043 arg1 structure 1045:1053 cell wall structure 1035:1053 cell wall structure 1035:1053 We assessed the structural complexity of multiple lineages of plant and tissue types with differing cell wall structures and found that decomposition dynamics varied significantly according to differences in cell wall structure and composition among taxonomic groups and tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment). 27070023 5 116 theme structural 843:852 arg1 complexity 854:863 the structural complexity 839:863 the structural complexity of multiple lineages of plant and tissue types 839:910 We assessed the structural complexity of multiple lineages of plant and tissue types with differing cell wall structures and found that decomposition dynamics varied significantly according to differences in cell wall structure and composition among taxonomic groups and tissue function (photosynthetic vs. attachment). 27070023 9 117 theme role 1963:1966 arg1 stability 1895:1903 the stability 1891:1903 the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage 1891:2160 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 4 118 theme tissues 659:665 arg1 stability 635:643 the stability 631:643 the stability of macroalgal tissues 631:665 In order to assess the stability of macroalgal tissues and their likely contribution to long-term pools of C, we applied thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to 14 taxa of marine macroalgae and coastal vascular plants. 27070023 4 118 theme tissues 659:665 arg1 contribution 684:695 their likely contribution 671:695 their likely contribution to long-term pools of C 671:719 In order to assess the stability of macroalgal tissues and their likely contribution to long-term pools of C, we applied thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to 14 taxa of marine macroalgae and coastal vascular plants. 27070023 1 119 theme carbon 197:202 arg1 systems 205:211 blue carbon" systems 192:211 blue carbon" systems 192:211 Many marine ecosystems have the capacity for long-term storage of organic carbon (C) in what are termed "blue carbon" systems. 27070023 9 120 theme refractory 1971:1980 arg1 compounds 1998:2006 refractory, taxon-specific compounds 1971:2006 refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses 1971:2118 The results of this study highlight the importance of the lignocellulose matrix to the stability of vascular plant sources and the potentially significant role of refractory, taxon-specific compounds (carbonates, long-chain lipids, alginates, xylans, and sulfated polysaccharides) from macroalgae and seagrasses for their long-term sedimentary C storage. 27070023 6 121 theme mass 1333:1336 arg1 loss 1338:1341 peak mass loss 1328:1341 peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C 1328:1367 Vascular plant tissues generally exhibited greater stability with a greater proportion of mass loss at temperatures > 300 degrees C (peak mass loss -320 degrees C) than macroalgae (peak mass loss between 175-300 degrees C), consistent with the lignocellulose matrix of vascular plants. 25878715 0 0 theme Polysaccharides 80:94 arg1 Composition 14:24 Composition 14:24 Composition 14:24 Optimization, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) 25878715 0 0 theme Polysaccharides 80:94 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) 25878715 0 0 theme Polysaccharides 80:94 arg1 Grev 140:143 Grev 140:143 Grev 140:143 Optimization, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) 25878715 0 0 theme Polysaccharides 80:94 arg1 Activities 43:52 Antioxidant Activities 31:52 Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) 31:145 Optimization, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) 25878715 0 1 from Composition 14:24 arg1 Culture 109:115 Submerged Culture 99:115 Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis 99:137 Optimization, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) 25878715 6 2 theme maximum 1123:1129 arg1 EPS 1131:1133 maximum EPS and IPS production 1123:1152 EPS 1131:1133 Carbon to nitrogen ratio for maximum EPS and IPS production was observed as 10 : 1 (395.29 ± 2.15 and 235.62 ± 1.40 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 5 3 theme IPS 875:877 arg1 source 1033:1038 a nitrogen source 1022:1038 a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L) 1022:1077 Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 5 3 theme IPS 875:877 arg1 EPS 867:869 Maximum EPS and IPS production 859:888 EPS 867:869 Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 5 3 theme IPS 875:877 arg1 production 879:888 Maximum EPS and IPS production 859:888 production 879:888 Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 4 4 dep pH 709:710 arg1 2.59 mg/L 744:752 374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L 717:752 2.59 mg/L 744:752 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 4 4 dep pH 709:710 arg1 ± 724:724 374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L 717:752 ± 724:724 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 8 5 theme iron 1436:1439 arg1 activity 1451:1458 iron chelating activity 1436:1458 iron chelating activity 1436:1458 Both EPS and IPS of C. gracilis showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and iron chelating activity. 25878715 8 6 theme scavenging 1395:1404 arg1 activity 1406:1413 ABTS radical scavenging activity 1382:1413 ABTS radical scavenging activity 1382:1413 Both EPS and IPS of C. gracilis showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and iron chelating activity. 25878715 0 7 theme Intracellular 66:78 arg1 Polysaccharides 80:94 Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides 57:94 Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis 57:137 Optimization, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) 25878715 7 8 theme major 1259:1263 arg1 % 1293:1293 62.15 ± 7.33% 1281:1293 62.15 ± 7.33% 1281:1293 Glucose was found to be the major monosaccharide (62.15 ± 7.33%). 25878715 7 8 theme major 1259:1263 arg1 monosaccharide 1265:1278 the major monosaccharide 1255:1278 the major monosaccharide (62.15 ± 7.33%) 1255:1294 Glucose was found to be the major monosaccharide (62.15 ± 7.33%). 25878715 7 8 theme major 1259:1263 arg1 Glucose 1231:1237 Glucose 1231:1237 Glucose 1231:1237 Glucose was found to be the major monosaccharide (62.15 ± 7.33%). 25878715 5 9 theme carbon 948:953 arg1 source 955:960 a carbon source 946:960 a carbon source 946:960 Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 2 10 theme culture 331:337 arg1 conditions 339:348 submerged culture conditions 321:348 submerged culture conditions 321:348 Under present experiments, EPS and IPS production, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activities of C. gracilis were studied for the first time under submerged culture conditions. 25878715 5 11 dep source 1033:1038 arg1 3.24 mg/L 1068:1076 465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L 1041:1076 3.24 mg/L 1068:1076 Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 5 11 dep source 1033:1038 arg1 ± 1048:1048 465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L 1041:1076 ± 1048:1048 Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 2 12 theme present 168:174 arg1 experiments 176:186 present experiments 168:186 present experiments 168:186 Under present experiments, EPS and IPS production, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activities of C. gracilis were studied for the first time under submerged culture conditions. 25878715 0 13 theme Submerged 99:107 arg1 Culture 109:115 Submerged Culture 99:115 Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis 99:137 Optimization, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) 25878715 0 14 from Optimization 0:11 arg1 Culture 109:115 Submerged Culture 99:115 Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis 99:137 Optimization, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) 25878715 2 15 theme gracilis 274:281 arg1 activities 257:266 antioxidant activities 245:266 antioxidant activities 245:266 Under present experiments, EPS and IPS production, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activities of C. gracilis were studied for the first time under submerged culture conditions. 25878715 2 15 theme gracilis 274:281 arg1 EPS 189:191 EPS 189:191 EPS 189:191 Under present experiments, EPS and IPS production, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activities of C. gracilis were studied for the first time under submerged culture conditions. 25878715 2 15 theme gracilis 274:281 arg1 production 201:210 IPS production 197:210 IPS production 197:210 Under present experiments, EPS and IPS production, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activities of C. gracilis were studied for the first time under submerged culture conditions. 25878715 2 15 theme gracilis 274:281 arg1 composition 228:238 monosaccharide composition 213:238 monosaccharide composition 213:238 Under present experiments, EPS and IPS production, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activities of C. gracilis were studied for the first time under submerged culture conditions. 25878715 4 16 theme speed 588:592 arg1 150 rpm 594:600 rotation speed 150 rpm 579:600 rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L) 579:639 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 4 17 theme culture 496:502 arg1 Incubation 482:491 Incubation 482:491 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) 482:814 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 5 18 theme Maximum 859:865 arg1 source 1033:1038 a nitrogen source 1022:1038 a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L) 1022:1077 Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 5 18 theme Maximum 859:865 arg1 EPS 867:869 Maximum EPS and IPS production 859:888 EPS 867:869 Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 5 18 theme Maximum 859:865 arg1 production 879:888 Maximum EPS and IPS production 859:888 production 879:888 Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 6 19 theme nitrogen 1104:1111 arg1 ratio 1113:1117 Carbon to nitrogen ratio 1094:1117 Carbon to nitrogen ratio for maximum EPS and IPS production 1094:1152 Carbon to nitrogen ratio for maximum EPS and IPS production was observed as 10 : 1 (395.29 ± 2.15 and 235.62 ± 1.40 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 6 19 theme nitrogen 1104:1111 arg1  1 1174:1175  1 1174:1175  1 1174:1175 Carbon to nitrogen ratio for maximum EPS and IPS production was observed as 10 : 1 (395.29 ± 2.15 and 235.62 ± 1.40 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 2 20 theme C. 271:272 arg1 gracilis 274:281 C. gracilis 271:281 C. gracilis 271:281 Under present experiments, EPS and IPS production, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activities of C. gracilis were studied for the first time under submerged culture conditions. 25878715 4 21 theme rotation 579:586 arg1 150 rpm 594:600 rotation speed 150 rpm 579:600 rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L) 579:639 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 0 22 from Activities 43:52 arg1 Culture 109:115 Submerged Culture 99:115 Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis 99:137 Optimization, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) 25878715 4 23 with Incubation 482:491 arg1 200 mL 532:537 capacity 200 mL 523:537 capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L) 523:576 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 4 23 with Incubation 482:491 arg1 pH 709:710 pH 6.0 709:714 pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L) 709:753 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 4 23 with Incubation 482:491 arg1 23°C 772:775 temperature 23°C 760:775 temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) 760:814 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 4 23 with Incubation 482:491 arg1 150 rpm 594:600 rotation speed 150 rpm 579:600 rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L) 579:639 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 4 23 with Incubation 482:491 arg1 time 667:670 6-day culture incubation time 642:670 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) 642:706 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 4 23 with Incubation 482:491 arg1 1.71 mg/L 697:705 445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L 673:705 1.71 mg/L 697:705 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 5 24 dep glucose 935:941 arg1 2.62 mg/L 990:998 464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L 963:998 2.62 mg/L 990:998 Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 5 24 dep glucose 935:941 arg1 ± 970:970 464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L 963:998 ± 970:970 Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 6 25 theme Carbon 1094:1099 arg1 ratio 1113:1117 Carbon to nitrogen ratio 1094:1117 Carbon to nitrogen ratio for maximum EPS and IPS production 1094:1152 Carbon to nitrogen ratio for maximum EPS and IPS production was observed as 10 : 1 (395.29 ± 2.15 and 235.62 ± 1.40 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 6 25 theme Carbon 1094:1099 arg1  1 1174:1175  1 1174:1175  1 1174:1175 Carbon to nitrogen ratio for maximum EPS and IPS production was observed as 10 : 1 (395.29 ± 2.15 and 235.62 ± 1.40 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 5 26 located observed 894:901 arg2 source 1033:1038 a nitrogen source 1022:1038 a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L) 1022:1077 Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 5 26 located observed 894:901 arg2 EPS 867:869 Maximum EPS and IPS production 859:888 EPS 867:869 Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 5 26 located observed 894:901 arg1 medium 910:915 the medium 906:915 the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract 906:1017 Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 5 26 located observed 894:901 arg2 production 879:888 Maximum EPS and IPS production 859:888 production 879:888 Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 8 27 theme significant 1336:1346 arg1 activity 1372:1379 significant DPPH radical scavenging activity 1336:1379 significant DPPH radical scavenging activity 1336:1379 Both EPS and IPS of C. gracilis showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and iron chelating activity. 25878715 3 28 theme factors 371:377 arg1 Effect 351:356 Effect 351:356 Effect of different factors on polysaccharides production 351:407 Effect of different factors on polysaccharides production was studied by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 25878715 6 29 theme ± 1185:1185 arg1 1.40 mg/L 1205:1213 395.29 ± 2.15 and 235.62 ± 1.40 mg/L 1178:1213 395.29 ± 2.15 and 235.62 ± 1.40 mg/L 1178:1213 Carbon to nitrogen ratio for maximum EPS and IPS production was observed as 10 : 1 (395.29 ± 2.15 and 235.62 ± 1.40 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 6 29 theme ± 1185:1185 arg1  1 1174:1175  1 1174:1175  1 1174:1175 Carbon to nitrogen ratio for maximum EPS and IPS production was observed as 10 : 1 (395.29 ± 2.15 and 235.62 ± 1.40 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 4 30 theme ± 695:695 arg1 1.71 mg/L 697:705 445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L 673:705 1.71 mg/L 697:705 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 4 30 theme ± 695:695 arg1 time 667:670 6-day culture incubation time 642:670 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) 642:706 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 6 31 theme IPS 1139:1141 arg1 production 1143:1152 maximum EPS and IPS production 1123:1152 production 1143:1152 Carbon to nitrogen ratio for maximum EPS and IPS production was observed as 10 : 1 (395.29 ± 2.15 and 235.62 ± 1.40 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 4 32 theme 6-day 642:646 arg1 time 667:670 6-day culture incubation time 642:670 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) 642:706 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 4 32 theme 6-day 642:646 arg1 1.71 mg/L 697:705 445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L 673:705 1.71 mg/L 697:705 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 6 33 dep ratio 1113:1117 arg1 to 1101:1102 to 1101:1102 to 1101:1102 Carbon to nitrogen ratio for maximum EPS and IPS production was observed as 10 : 1 (395.29 ± 2.15 and 235.62 ± 1.40 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 5 34 theme nitrogen 1024:1031 arg1 source 1033:1038 a nitrogen source 1022:1038 a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L) 1022:1077 Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 5 34 theme nitrogen 1024:1031 arg1 EPS 867:869 Maximum EPS and IPS production 859:888 EPS 867:869 Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 5 34 theme nitrogen 1024:1031 arg1 production 879:888 Maximum EPS and IPS production 859:888 production 879:888 Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 4 35 theme temperature 760:770 arg1 23°C 772:775 temperature 23°C 760:775 temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) 760:814 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 7 36 theme 62.15 1281:1285 arg1 % 1293:1293 62.15 ± 7.33% 1281:1293 62.15 ± 7.33% 1281:1293 Glucose was found to be the major monosaccharide (62.15 ± 7.33%). 25878715 7 36 theme 62.15 1281:1285 arg1 monosaccharide 1265:1278 the major monosaccharide 1255:1278 the major monosaccharide (62.15 ± 7.33%) 1255:1294 Glucose was found to be the major monosaccharide (62.15 ± 7.33%). 25878715 3 37 theme orthogonal 424:433 arg1 experiments 435:445 orthogonal experiments 424:445 orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method 424:479 Effect of different factors on polysaccharides production was studied by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 25878715 0 38 theme gracilis 130:137 arg1 Culture 109:115 Submerged Culture 99:115 Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis 99:137 Optimization, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) 25878715 4 39 theme ± 742:742 arg1 2.59 mg/L 744:752 374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L 717:752 2.59 mg/L 744:752 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 3 40 theme different 361:369 arg1 factors 371:377 different factors 361:377 different factors 361:377 Effect of different factors on polysaccharides production was studied by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 25878715 8 41 theme gracilis 1320:1327 arg1 IPS 1310:1312 IPS 1310:1312 IPS 1310:1312 Both EPS and IPS of C. gracilis showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and iron chelating activity. 25878715 8 41 theme gracilis 1320:1327 arg1 EPS 1302:1304 EPS 1302:1304 EPS 1302:1304 Both EPS and IPS of C. gracilis showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and iron chelating activity. 25878715 0 42 theme Cordyceps 120:128 arg1 gracilis 130:137 Cordyceps gracilis 120:137 Cordyceps gracilis 120:137 Optimization, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) 25878715 0 43 from Polysaccharides 80:94 arg1 Culture 109:115 Submerged Culture 99:115 Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis 99:137 Optimization, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) 25878715 0 44 theme Antioxidant 31:41 arg1 Grev 140:143 Grev 140:143 Grev 140:143 Optimization, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) 25878715 0 44 theme Antioxidant 31:41 arg1 Activities 43:52 Antioxidant Activities 31:52 Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) 31:145 Optimization, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) 25878715 4 45 theme ± 565:565 arg1 5.01 mg/L 567:575 675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L 540:575 5.01 mg/L 567:575 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 4 46 theme ± 628:628 arg1 4.62 mg/L 630:638 324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L 603:638 4.62 mg/L 630:638 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 2 47 theme monosaccharide 213:226 arg1 composition 228:238 monosaccharide composition 213:238 monosaccharide composition 213:238 Under present experiments, EPS and IPS production, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activities of C. gracilis were studied for the first time under submerged culture conditions. 25878715 3 48 theme one-factor-at-a-time 453:472 arg1 method 474:479 one-factor-at-a-time method 453:479 one-factor-at-a-time method 453:479 Effect of different factors on polysaccharides production was studied by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 25878715 4 49 dep 200 mL 532:537 arg1 ± 547:547 675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L 540:575 ± 547:547 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 4 49 dep 200 mL 532:537 arg1 5.01 mg/L 567:575 675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L 540:575 5.01 mg/L 567:575 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 4 50 theme higher 825:830 arg1 EPS 832:834 higher EPS 825:834 higher EPS 825:834 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 3 51 theme polysaccharides 382:396 arg1 production 398:407 polysaccharides production 382:407 polysaccharides production 382:407 Effect of different factors on polysaccharides production was studied by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 25878715 5 52 theme yeast 1005:1009 arg1 extract 1011:1017 yeast extract 1005:1017 yeast extract 1005:1017 Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 3 53 from Effect 351:356 arg1 production 398:407 polysaccharides production 382:407 polysaccharides production 382:407 Effect of different factors on polysaccharides production was studied by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 25878715 2 54 theme submerged 321:329 arg1 conditions 339:348 submerged culture conditions 321:348 submerged culture conditions 321:348 Under present experiments, EPS and IPS production, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activities of C. gracilis were studied for the first time under submerged culture conditions. 25878715 4 55 theme capacity 523:530 arg1 200 mL 532:537 capacity 200 mL 523:537 capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L) 523:576 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 8 56 theme radical 1353:1359 arg1 activity 1372:1379 significant DPPH radical scavenging activity 1336:1379 significant DPPH radical scavenging activity 1336:1379 Both EPS and IPS of C. gracilis showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and iron chelating activity. 25878715 4 57 from Incubation 482:491 arg1 medium 511:516 the medium 507:516 the medium 507:516 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 8 58 theme C. 1317:1318 arg1 gracilis 1320:1327 C. gracilis 1317:1327 C. gracilis 1317:1327 Both EPS and IPS of C. gracilis showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and iron chelating activity. 25878715 2 59 theme IPS 197:199 arg1 production 201:210 IPS production 197:210 IPS production 197:210 Under present experiments, EPS and IPS production, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activities of C. gracilis were studied for the first time under submerged culture conditions. 25878715 4 60 theme 445.24 673:678 arg1 1.71 mg/L 697:705 445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L 673:705 1.71 mg/L 697:705 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 4 60 theme 445.24 673:678 arg1 time 667:670 6-day culture incubation time 642:670 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) 642:706 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 8 61 theme radical 1387:1393 arg1 activity 1406:1413 ABTS radical scavenging activity 1382:1413 ABTS radical scavenging activity 1382:1413 Both EPS and IPS of C. gracilis showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and iron chelating activity. 25878715 8 62 theme DPPH 1348:1351 arg1 activity 1372:1379 significant DPPH radical scavenging activity 1336:1379 significant DPPH radical scavenging activity 1336:1379 Both EPS and IPS of C. gracilis showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and iron chelating activity. 25878715 4 63 theme ± 680:680 arg1 1.71 mg/L 697:705 445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L 673:705 1.71 mg/L 697:705 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 4 63 theme ± 680:680 arg1 time 667:670 6-day culture incubation time 642:670 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) 642:706 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 0 64 from Culture 109:115 arg1 Composition 14:24 Composition 14:24 Composition 14:24 Optimization, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) 25878715 0 64 from Culture 109:115 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) 25878715 0 64 from Culture 109:115 arg1 Grev 140:143 Grev 140:143 Grev 140:143 Optimization, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) 25878715 0 64 from Culture 109:115 arg1 Activities 43:52 Antioxidant Activities 31:52 Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) 31:145 Optimization, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) 25878715 2 65 theme antioxidant 245:255 arg1 activities 257:266 antioxidant activities 245:266 antioxidant activities 245:266 Under present experiments, EPS and IPS production, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activities of C. gracilis were studied for the first time under submerged culture conditions. 25878715 8 66 theme reducing 1416:1423 arg1 power 1425:1429 reducing power 1416:1429 reducing power 1416:1429 Both EPS and IPS of C. gracilis showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and iron chelating activity. 25878715 5 67 theme ± 1066:1066 arg1 3.24 mg/L 1068:1076 465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L 1041:1076 3.24 mg/L 1068:1076 Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 4 68 theme ± 803:803 arg1 1.71 mg/L 805:813 405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L 778:813 1.71 mg/L 805:813 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 7 69 theme ± 1287:1287 arg1 % 1293:1293 62.15 ± 7.33% 1281:1293 62.15 ± 7.33% 1281:1293 Glucose was found to be the major monosaccharide (62.15 ± 7.33%). 25878715 7 69 theme ± 1287:1287 arg1 monosaccharide 1265:1278 the major monosaccharide 1255:1278 the major monosaccharide (62.15 ± 7.33%) 1255:1294 Glucose was found to be the major monosaccharide (62.15 ± 7.33%). 25878715 2 70 theme first 304:308 arg1 time 310:313 the first time 300:313 the first time 300:313 Under present experiments, EPS and IPS production, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activities of C. gracilis were studied for the first time under submerged culture conditions. 25878715 8 71 theme scavenging 1361:1370 arg1 activity 1372:1379 significant DPPH radical scavenging activity 1336:1379 significant DPPH radical scavenging activity 1336:1379 Both EPS and IPS of C. gracilis showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and iron chelating activity. 25878715 4 72 dep 150 rpm 594:600 arg1 4.62 mg/L 630:638 324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L 603:638 4.62 mg/L 630:638 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 4 72 dep 150 rpm 594:600 arg1 ± 610:610 324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L 603:638 ± 610:610 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 4 73 theme incubation 656:665 arg1 time 667:670 6-day culture incubation time 642:670 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) 642:706 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 4 73 theme incubation 656:665 arg1 1.71 mg/L 697:705 445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L 673:705 1.71 mg/L 697:705 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 4 74 dep 23°C 772:775 arg1 1.71 mg/L 805:813 405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L 778:813 1.71 mg/L 805:813 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 4 74 dep 23°C 772:775 arg1 ± 785:785 405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L 778:813 ± 785:785 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 8 75 theme ABTS 1382:1385 arg1 activity 1406:1413 ABTS radical scavenging activity 1382:1413 ABTS radical scavenging activity 1382:1413 Both EPS and IPS of C. gracilis showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and iron chelating activity. 25878715 0 76 theme Exo- 57:60 arg1 Polysaccharides 80:94 Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides 57:94 Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis 57:137 Optimization, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) 25878715 5 77 theme ± 988:988 arg1 2.62 mg/L 990:998 464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L 963:998 2.62 mg/L 990:998 Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ± 2.12 and 264.42 ± 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ± 3.11 and 245.17 ± 3.24 mg/L), respectively. 25878715 4 78 theme culture 648:654 arg1 time 667:670 6-day culture incubation time 642:670 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) 642:706 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 4 78 theme culture 648:654 arg1 1.71 mg/L 697:705 445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L 673:705 1.71 mg/L 697:705 Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ± 5.01 and 385.20 ± 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ± 3.32 and 254.62 ± 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ± 1.11, 216.60 ± 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ± 2.52 and 219.45 ± 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23°C (405.24 ± 1.11 and 215.60 ± 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. 25878715 8 79 theme chelating 1441:1449 arg1 activity 1451:1458 iron chelating activity 1436:1458 iron chelating activity 1436:1458 Both EPS and IPS of C. gracilis showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and iron chelating activity. 28389470 2 0 theme signal 486:491 arg1 transport 504:512 the entire signal to glucose transport 475:512 the entire signal to glucose transport 475:512 Both Rac1 and AMPK have been shown to partly regulate contraction-stimulated muscle glucose uptake, but whether those two signaling pathways jointly account for the entire signal to glucose transport is unknown. 28389470 3 1 theme genetic 716:722 arg1 deletion 724:731 genetic deletion 716:731 genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle 716:996 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 2 theme mouse 942:946 arg1 soleus 948:953 mouse soleus 942:953 mouse soleus 942:953 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 3 from longus 978:983 arg1 deletion 724:731 genetic deletion 716:731 genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle 716:996 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 3 from longus 978:983 arg1 knockout 757:764 knockout 757:764 knockout 757:764 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 3 from longus 978:983 arg1 KO 832:833 KO 832:833 KO 832:833 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 3 from longus 978:983 arg1 inhibition 702:711 either pharmacological inhibition 679:711 either pharmacological inhibition 679:711 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 3 from longus 978:983 arg1 mKO 767:769 mKO 767:769 mKO 767:769 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 3 from longus 978:983 arg1 KO 869:870 β1β2 KO 864:870 β1β2 KO 864:870 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 4 theme β2 846:847 arg1 subunits 854:861 β2 AMPK subunits 846:861 β2 AMPK subunits 846:861 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 0 5 theme Uptake 57:62 arg1 Majority 30:37 the Majority 26:37 the Majority of Muscle Glucose Uptake Stimulated by Ex Vivo Contraction but Not In Vivo Exercise 26:121 Rac1 and AMPK Account for the Majority of Muscle Glucose Uptake Stimulated by Ex Vivo Contraction but Not In Vivo Exercise. 28389470 3 6 theme pharmacological 686:700 arg1 inhibition 702:711 either pharmacological inhibition 679:711 either pharmacological inhibition 679:711 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 4 7 dep either 1069:1074 arg1 KO 1086:1087 AMPK β1β2 KO 1076:1087 AMPK β1β2 KO 1076:1087 Interestingly, when pharmacological Rac1 inhibition was combined with either AMPK β1β2 KO or α2KD, contraction-stimulated glucose transport was almost completely inhibited. 28389470 4 8 theme pharmacological 1019:1033 arg1 inhibition 1040:1049 pharmacological Rac1 inhibition 1019:1049 pharmacological Rac1 inhibition 1019:1049 Interestingly, when pharmacological Rac1 inhibition was combined with either AMPK β1β2 KO or α2KD, contraction-stimulated glucose transport was almost completely inhibited. 28389470 1 9 theme important 235:243 arg1 alternative 245:255 an important alternative 232:255 an important alternative to stimulate glucose uptake in insulin-resistant muscle 232:311 Exercise bypasses insulin resistance to increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and therefore represents an important alternative to stimulate glucose uptake in insulin-resistant muscle. 28389470 0 10 theme Ex 78:79 arg1 Contraction 86:96 Ex Vivo Contraction 78:96 Ex Vivo Contraction but Not In Vivo Exercise 78:121 Rac1 and AMPK Account for the Majority of Muscle Glucose Uptake Stimulated by Ex Vivo Contraction but Not In Vivo Exercise. 28389470 6 11 theme muscle 1598:1603 arg1 uptake 1613:1618 muscle glucose uptake 1598:1618 muscle glucose uptake during submaximal exercise 1598:1645 It is concluded that Rac1 and AMPK together account for almost the entire ex vivo contraction response in muscle glucose transport, whereas only Rac1, but not α2 AMPK, regulates muscle glucose uptake during submaximal exercise in vivo. 28389470 5 12 theme impaired 1246:1253 arg1 transport 1286:1294 severely impaired contraction-stimulated glucose transport 1237:1294 severely impaired contraction-stimulated glucose transport 1237:1294 Importantly, α2KD+Rac1 mKO double-transgenic mice also displayed severely impaired contraction-stimulated glucose transport, whereas exercise-stimulated glucose uptake in vivo was only partially reduced by Rac1 mKO with no additive effect of α2KD. 28389470 6 13 theme submaximal 1627:1636 arg1 exercise 1638:1645 submaximal exercise 1627:1645 submaximal exercise 1627:1645 It is concluded that Rac1 and AMPK together account for almost the entire ex vivo contraction response in muscle glucose transport, whereas only Rac1, but not α2 AMPK, regulates muscle glucose uptake during submaximal exercise in vivo. 28389470 3 14 theme β1 839:840 arg1 KO 832:833 KO 832:833 KO 832:833 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 14 theme β1 839:840 arg1 mKO 767:769 mKO 767:769 mKO 767:769 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 14 theme β1 839:840 arg1 KO 869:870 β1β2 KO 864:870 β1β2 KO 864:870 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 14 theme β1 839:840 arg1 knockout 757:764 knockout 757:764 knockout 757:764 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 5 15 theme α2KD+Rac1 1185:1193 arg1 mice 1217:1220 α2KD+Rac1 mKO double-transgenic mice 1185:1220 α2KD+Rac1 mKO double-transgenic mice 1185:1220 Importantly, α2KD+Rac1 mKO double-transgenic mice also displayed severely impaired contraction-stimulated glucose transport, whereas exercise-stimulated glucose uptake in vivo was only partially reduced by Rac1 mKO with no additive effect of α2KD. 28389470 6 16 theme α2 1579:1580 arg1 AMPK 1582:1585 α2 AMPK 1579:1585 α2 AMPK 1579:1585 It is concluded that Rac1 and AMPK together account for almost the entire ex vivo contraction response in muscle glucose transport, whereas only Rac1, but not α2 AMPK, regulates muscle glucose uptake during submaximal exercise in vivo. 28389470 3 17 theme extensor 959:966 arg1 longus 978:983 extensor digitorum longus 959:983 extensor digitorum longus (EDL) 959:989 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 17 theme extensor 959:966 arg1 EDL 986:988 EDL 986:988 EDL 986:988 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 4 18 theme β1β2 1081:1084 arg1 KO 1086:1087 AMPK β1β2 KO 1076:1087 AMPK β1β2 KO 1076:1087 Interestingly, when pharmacological Rac1 inhibition was combined with either AMPK β1β2 KO or α2KD, contraction-stimulated glucose transport was almost completely inhibited. 28389470 3 19 from transport 608:616 arg1 muscles 630:636 isolated muscles 621:636 isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle 621:996 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 5 20 theme mKO 1195:1197 arg1 mice 1217:1220 α2KD+Rac1 mKO double-transgenic mice 1185:1220 α2KD+Rac1 mKO double-transgenic mice 1185:1220 Importantly, α2KD+Rac1 mKO double-transgenic mice also displayed severely impaired contraction-stimulated glucose transport, whereas exercise-stimulated glucose uptake in vivo was only partially reduced by Rac1 mKO with no additive effect of α2KD. 28389470 3 21 theme knockout 757:764 arg1 inhibition 702:711 either pharmacological inhibition 679:711 either pharmacological inhibition 679:711 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 21 theme knockout 757:764 arg1 deletion 724:731 genetic deletion 716:731 genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle 716:996 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 22 theme digitorum 968:976 arg1 longus 978:983 extensor digitorum longus 959:983 extensor digitorum longus (EDL) 959:989 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 22 theme digitorum 968:976 arg1 EDL 986:988 EDL 986:988 EDL 986:988 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 0 23 dep Ex 78:79 arg1 Vivo 81:84 Vivo 81:84 Vivo 81:84 Rac1 and AMPK Account for the Majority of Muscle Glucose Uptake Stimulated by Ex Vivo Contraction but Not In Vivo Exercise. 28389470 3 24 from soleus 948:953 arg1 deletion 724:731 genetic deletion 716:731 genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle 716:996 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 24 from soleus 948:953 arg1 knockout 757:764 knockout 757:764 knockout 757:764 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 24 from soleus 948:953 arg1 KO 832:833 KO 832:833 KO 832:833 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 24 from soleus 948:953 arg1 inhibition 702:711 either pharmacological inhibition 679:711 either pharmacological inhibition 679:711 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 24 from soleus 948:953 arg1 mKO 767:769 mKO 767:769 mKO 767:769 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 24 from soleus 948:953 arg1 KO 869:870 β1β2 KO 864:870 β1β2 KO 864:870 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 1 25 theme insulin 142:148 arg1 resistance 150:159 insulin resistance 142:159 insulin resistance 142:159 Exercise bypasses insulin resistance to increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and therefore represents an important alternative to stimulate glucose uptake in insulin-resistant muscle. 28389470 5 26 theme α2KD 1414:1417 arg1 effect 1404:1409 no additive effect 1392:1409 no additive effect of α2KD 1392:1417 Importantly, α2KD+Rac1 mKO double-transgenic mice also displayed severely impaired contraction-stimulated glucose transport, whereas exercise-stimulated glucose uptake in vivo was only partially reduced by Rac1 mKO with no additive effect of α2KD. 28389470 3 27 theme AMPK 849:852 arg1 subunits 854:861 β2 AMPK subunits 846:861 β2 AMPK subunits 846:861 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 2 28 theme muscle 391:396 arg1 uptake 406:411 contraction-stimulated muscle glucose uptake 368:411 contraction-stimulated muscle glucose uptake 368:411 Both Rac1 and AMPK have been shown to partly regulate contraction-stimulated muscle glucose uptake, but whether those two signaling pathways jointly account for the entire signal to glucose transport is unknown. 28389470 3 29 from deletion 724:731 arg1 longus 978:983 extensor digitorum longus 959:983 extensor digitorum longus (EDL) 959:989 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 29 from deletion 724:731 arg1 soleus 948:953 mouse soleus 942:953 mouse soleus 942:953 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 29 from deletion 724:731 arg1 EDL 986:988 EDL 986:988 EDL 986:988 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 2 30 theme entire 479:484 arg1 transport 504:512 the entire signal to glucose transport 475:512 the entire signal to glucose transport 475:512 Both Rac1 and AMPK have been shown to partly regulate contraction-stimulated muscle glucose uptake, but whether those two signaling pathways jointly account for the entire signal to glucose transport is unknown. 28389470 3 31 with muscles 630:636 arg1 loss 648:651 AMPK loss 643:651 AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle 643:996 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 0 32 theme Glucose 49:55 arg1 Uptake 57:62 Muscle Glucose Uptake 42:62 Muscle Glucose Uptake Stimulated by Ex Vivo Contraction but Not In Vivo Exercise 42:121 Rac1 and AMPK Account for the Majority of Muscle Glucose Uptake Stimulated by Ex Vivo Contraction but Not In Vivo Exercise. 28389470 3 33 theme contraction 562:572 arg1 ability 551:557 the ability 547:557 the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle 547:996 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 34 theme subunits 854:861 arg1 KO 832:833 KO 832:833 KO 832:833 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 34 theme subunits 854:861 arg1 mKO 767:769 mKO 767:769 mKO 767:769 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 34 theme subunits 854:861 arg1 KO 869:870 β1β2 KO 864:870 β1β2 KO 864:870 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 34 theme subunits 854:861 arg1 knockout 757:764 knockout 757:764 knockout 757:764 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 2 35 theme contraction-stimulated 368:389 arg1 uptake 406:411 contraction-stimulated muscle glucose uptake 368:411 contraction-stimulated muscle glucose uptake 368:411 Both Rac1 and AMPK have been shown to partly regulate contraction-stimulated muscle glucose uptake, but whether those two signaling pathways jointly account for the entire signal to glucose transport is unknown. 28389470 2 36 theme signaling 436:444 arg1 pathways 446:453 those two signaling pathways 426:453 those two signaling pathways 426:453 Both Rac1 and AMPK have been shown to partly regulate contraction-stimulated muscle glucose uptake, but whether those two signaling pathways jointly account for the entire signal to glucose transport is unknown. 28389470 5 37 theme Rac1 1378:1381 arg1 mKO 1383:1385 Rac1 mKO 1378:1385 Rac1 mKO 1378:1385 Importantly, α2KD+Rac1 mKO double-transgenic mice also displayed severely impaired contraction-stimulated glucose transport, whereas exercise-stimulated glucose uptake in vivo was only partially reduced by Rac1 mKO with no additive effect of α2KD. 28389470 5 38 theme glucose 1325:1331 arg1 uptake 1333:1338 exercise-stimulated glucose uptake 1305:1338 exercise-stimulated glucose uptake in vivo 1305:1346 Importantly, α2KD+Rac1 mKO double-transgenic mice also displayed severely impaired contraction-stimulated glucose transport, whereas exercise-stimulated glucose uptake in vivo was only partially reduced by Rac1 mKO with no additive effect of α2KD. 28389470 1 39 theme glucose 270:276 arg1 uptake 278:283 glucose uptake 270:283 glucose uptake 270:283 Exercise bypasses insulin resistance to increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and therefore represents an important alternative to stimulate glucose uptake in insulin-resistant muscle. 28389470 6 40 theme muscle 1526:1531 arg1 transport 1541:1549 muscle glucose transport 1526:1549 muscle glucose transport 1526:1549 It is concluded that Rac1 and AMPK together account for almost the entire ex vivo contraction response in muscle glucose transport, whereas only Rac1, but not α2 AMPK, regulates muscle glucose uptake during submaximal exercise in vivo. 28389470 1 41 theme glucose 173:179 arg1 uptake 181:186 glucose uptake 173:186 glucose uptake 173:186 Exercise bypasses insulin resistance to increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and therefore represents an important alternative to stimulate glucose uptake in insulin-resistant muscle. 28389470 3 42 from knockout 757:764 arg1 longus 978:983 extensor digitorum longus 959:983 extensor digitorum longus (EDL) 959:989 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 42 from knockout 757:764 arg1 soleus 948:953 mouse soleus 942:953 mouse soleus 942:953 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 42 from knockout 757:764 arg1 EDL 986:988 EDL 986:988 EDL 986:988 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 2 43 dep transport 504:512 arg1 to 493:494 to 493:494 to 493:494 Both Rac1 and AMPK have been shown to partly regulate contraction-stimulated muscle glucose uptake, but whether those two signaling pathways jointly account for the entire signal to glucose transport is unknown. 28389470 6 44 from response 1514:1521 arg1 transport 1541:1549 muscle glucose transport 1526:1549 muscle glucose transport 1526:1549 It is concluded that Rac1 and AMPK together account for almost the entire ex vivo contraction response in muscle glucose transport, whereas only Rac1, but not α2 AMPK, regulates muscle glucose uptake during submaximal exercise in vivo. 28389470 3 45 dep soleus 948:953 arg1 muscle 991:996 muscle 991:996 muscle 991:996 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 46 from inhibition 702:711 arg1 longus 978:983 extensor digitorum longus 959:983 extensor digitorum longus (EDL) 959:989 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 46 from inhibition 702:711 arg1 soleus 948:953 mouse soleus 942:953 mouse soleus 942:953 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 46 from inhibition 702:711 arg1 EDL 986:988 EDL 986:988 EDL 986:988 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 4 47 theme AMPK 1076:1079 arg1 KO 1086:1087 AMPK β1β2 KO 1076:1087 AMPK β1β2 KO 1076:1087 Interestingly, when pharmacological Rac1 inhibition was combined with either AMPK β1β2 KO or α2KD, contraction-stimulated glucose transport was almost completely inhibited. 28389470 5 48 theme contraction-stimulated 1255:1276 arg1 transport 1286:1294 severely impaired contraction-stimulated glucose transport 1237:1294 severely impaired contraction-stimulated glucose transport 1237:1294 Importantly, α2KD+Rac1 mKO double-transgenic mice also displayed severely impaired contraction-stimulated glucose transport, whereas exercise-stimulated glucose uptake in vivo was only partially reduced by Rac1 mKO with no additive effect of α2KD. 28389470 2 49 theme glucose 398:404 arg1 uptake 406:411 contraction-stimulated muscle glucose uptake 368:411 contraction-stimulated muscle glucose uptake 368:411 Both Rac1 and AMPK have been shown to partly regulate contraction-stimulated muscle glucose uptake, but whether those two signaling pathways jointly account for the entire signal to glucose transport is unknown. 28389470 1 50 theme insulin-resistant 288:304 arg1 muscle 306:311 insulin-resistant muscle 288:311 insulin-resistant muscle 288:311 Exercise bypasses insulin resistance to increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and therefore represents an important alternative to stimulate glucose uptake in insulin-resistant muscle. 28389470 0 51 theme In 106:107 arg1 Exercise 114:121 In Vivo Exercise 106:121 Ex Vivo Contraction but Not In Vivo Exercise 78:121 Rac1 and AMPK Account for the Majority of Muscle Glucose Uptake Stimulated by Ex Vivo Contraction but Not In Vivo Exercise. 28389470 3 52 theme glucose 600:606 arg1 transport 608:616 glucose transport 600:616 glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle 600:996 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 53 theme glucose 921:927 arg1 transport 929:937 each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport 873:937 Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle 736:996 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 1 54 theme skeletal 191:198 arg1 muscle 200:205 skeletal muscle 191:205 skeletal muscle 191:205 Exercise bypasses insulin resistance to increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and therefore represents an important alternative to stimulate glucose uptake in insulin-resistant muscle. 28389470 6 55 theme contraction 1502:1512 arg1 response 1514:1521 almost the entire ex vivo contraction response 1476:1521 almost the entire ex vivo contraction response in muscle glucose transport 1476:1549 It is concluded that Rac1 and AMPK together account for almost the entire ex vivo contraction response in muscle glucose transport, whereas only Rac1, but not α2 AMPK, regulates muscle glucose uptake during submaximal exercise in vivo. 28389470 3 56 theme kinase-dead 783:793 arg1 α2KD 804:807 α2KD 804:807 α2KD 804:807 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 56 theme kinase-dead 783:793 arg1 AMPK 798:801 a kinase-dead α2 AMPK 781:801 a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD) 781:808 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 57 theme AMPK 643:646 arg1 loss 648:651 AMPK loss 643:651 AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle 643:996 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 58 theme exercise 578:585 arg1 ability 551:557 the ability 547:557 the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle 547:996 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 5 59 theme additive 1395:1402 arg1 effect 1404:1409 no additive effect 1392:1409 no additive effect of α2KD 1392:1417 Importantly, α2KD+Rac1 mKO double-transgenic mice also displayed severely impaired contraction-stimulated glucose transport, whereas exercise-stimulated glucose uptake in vivo was only partially reduced by Rac1 mKO with no additive effect of α2KD. 28389470 3 60 theme Rac1 775:778 arg1 KO 832:833 KO 832:833 KO 832:833 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 60 theme Rac1 775:778 arg1 mKO 767:769 mKO 767:769 mKO 767:769 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 60 theme Rac1 775:778 arg1 KO 869:870 β1β2 KO 864:870 β1β2 KO 864:870 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 60 theme Rac1 775:778 arg1 knockout 757:764 knockout 757:764 knockout 757:764 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 61 theme decreased 888:896 arg1 transport 929:937 each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport 873:937 Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle 736:996 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 6 62 theme ex 1494:1495 arg1 response 1514:1521 almost the entire ex vivo contraction response 1476:1521 almost the entire ex vivo contraction response in muscle glucose transport 1476:1549 It is concluded that Rac1 and AMPK together account for almost the entire ex vivo contraction response in muscle glucose transport, whereas only Rac1, but not α2 AMPK, regulates muscle glucose uptake during submaximal exercise in vivo. 28389470 3 63 dep knockout 757:764 arg1 transport 929:937 each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport 873:937 Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle 736:996 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 6 64 theme glucose 1605:1611 arg1 uptake 1613:1618 muscle glucose uptake 1598:1618 muscle glucose uptake during submaximal exercise 1598:1645 It is concluded that Rac1 and AMPK together account for almost the entire ex vivo contraction response in muscle glucose transport, whereas only Rac1, but not α2 AMPK, regulates muscle glucose uptake during submaximal exercise in vivo. 28389470 3 65 theme isolated 621:628 arg1 muscles 630:636 isolated muscles 621:636 isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle 621:996 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 66 theme contraction-stimulated 898:919 arg1 transport 929:937 each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport 873:937 Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle 736:996 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 4 67 theme Rac1 1035:1038 arg1 inhibition 1040:1049 pharmacological Rac1 inhibition 1019:1049 pharmacological Rac1 inhibition 1019:1049 Interestingly, when pharmacological Rac1 inhibition was combined with either AMPK β1β2 KO or α2KD, contraction-stimulated glucose transport was almost completely inhibited. 28389470 5 68 theme double-transgenic 1199:1215 arg1 mice 1217:1220 α2KD+Rac1 mKO double-transgenic mice 1185:1220 α2KD+Rac1 mKO double-transgenic mice 1185:1220 Importantly, α2KD+Rac1 mKO double-transgenic mice also displayed severely impaired contraction-stimulated glucose transport, whereas exercise-stimulated glucose uptake in vivo was only partially reduced by Rac1 mKO with no additive effect of α2KD. 28389470 6 69 dep account 1464:1470 arg1 whereas 1552:1558 whereas 1552:1558 whereas 1552:1558 It is concluded that Rac1 and AMPK together account for almost the entire ex vivo contraction response in muscle glucose transport, whereas only Rac1, but not α2 AMPK, regulates muscle glucose uptake during submaximal exercise in vivo. 28389470 3 70 theme function 656:663 arg1 loss 648:651 AMPK loss 643:651 AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle 643:996 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 4 71 theme glucose 1121:1127 arg1 transport 1129:1137 contraction-stimulated glucose transport 1098:1137 contraction-stimulated glucose transport 1098:1137 Interestingly, when pharmacological Rac1 inhibition was combined with either AMPK β1β2 KO or α2KD, contraction-stimulated glucose transport was almost completely inhibited. 28389470 6 72 theme entire 1487:1492 arg1 response 1514:1521 almost the entire ex vivo contraction response 1476:1521 almost the entire ex vivo contraction response in muscle glucose transport 1476:1549 It is concluded that Rac1 and AMPK together account for almost the entire ex vivo contraction response in muscle glucose transport, whereas only Rac1, but not α2 AMPK, regulates muscle glucose uptake during submaximal exercise in vivo. 28389470 3 73 theme knockout 822:829 arg1 inhibition 702:711 either pharmacological inhibition 679:711 either pharmacological inhibition 679:711 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 73 theme knockout 822:829 arg1 deletion 724:731 genetic deletion 716:731 genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle 716:996 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 6 74 theme glucose 1533:1539 arg1 transport 1541:1549 muscle glucose transport 1526:1549 muscle glucose transport 1526:1549 It is concluded that Rac1 and AMPK together account for almost the entire ex vivo contraction response in muscle glucose transport, whereas only Rac1, but not α2 AMPK, regulates muscle glucose uptake during submaximal exercise in vivo. 28389470 2 75 theme glucose 496:502 arg1 transport 504:512 the entire signal to glucose transport 475:512 the entire signal to glucose transport 475:512 Both Rac1 and AMPK have been shown to partly regulate contraction-stimulated muscle glucose uptake, but whether those two signaling pathways jointly account for the entire signal to glucose transport is unknown. 28389470 5 76 theme glucose 1278:1284 arg1 transport 1286:1294 severely impaired contraction-stimulated glucose transport 1237:1294 severely impaired contraction-stimulated glucose transport 1237:1294 Importantly, α2KD+Rac1 mKO double-transgenic mice also displayed severely impaired contraction-stimulated glucose transport, whereas exercise-stimulated glucose uptake in vivo was only partially reduced by Rac1 mKO with no additive effect of α2KD. 28389470 4 77 theme contraction-stimulated 1098:1119 arg1 transport 1129:1137 contraction-stimulated glucose transport 1098:1137 contraction-stimulated glucose transport 1098:1137 Interestingly, when pharmacological Rac1 inhibition was combined with either AMPK β1β2 KO or α2KD, contraction-stimulated glucose transport was almost completely inhibited. 28389470 5 78 theme exercise-stimulated 1305:1323 arg1 uptake 1333:1338 exercise-stimulated glucose uptake 1305:1338 exercise-stimulated glucose uptake in vivo 1305:1346 Importantly, α2KD+Rac1 mKO double-transgenic mice also displayed severely impaired contraction-stimulated glucose transport, whereas exercise-stimulated glucose uptake in vivo was only partially reduced by Rac1 mKO with no additive effect of α2KD. 28389470 3 79 theme α2 795:796 arg1 α2KD 804:807 α2KD 804:807 α2KD 804:807 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 79 theme α2 795:796 arg1 AMPK 798:801 a kinase-dead α2 AMPK 781:801 a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD) 781:808 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 0 80 theme Muscle 42:47 arg1 Uptake 57:62 Muscle Glucose Uptake 42:62 Muscle Glucose Uptake Stimulated by Ex Vivo Contraction but Not In Vivo Exercise 42:121 Rac1 and AMPK Account for the Majority of Muscle Glucose Uptake Stimulated by Ex Vivo Contraction but Not In Vivo Exercise. 28389470 6 81 dep ex 1494:1495 arg1 vivo 1497:1500 vivo 1497:1500 vivo 1497:1500 It is concluded that Rac1 and AMPK together account for almost the entire ex vivo contraction response in muscle glucose transport, whereas only Rac1, but not α2 AMPK, regulates muscle glucose uptake during submaximal exercise in vivo. 28389470 0 82 dep In 106:107 arg1 Vivo 109:112 Vivo 109:112 Vivo 109:112 Rac1 and AMPK Account for the Majority of Muscle Glucose Uptake Stimulated by Ex Vivo Contraction but Not In Vivo Exercise. 28389470 3 83 theme AMPK 798:801 arg1 inhibition 702:711 either pharmacological inhibition 679:711 either pharmacological inhibition 679:711 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 28389470 3 83 theme AMPK 798:801 arg1 deletion 724:731 genetic deletion 716:731 genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle 716:996 We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. 25103947 10 0 theme major 1185:1189 arg1 C 1262:1262 C 1262:1262 C(14:0) 1262:1268 The major fatty acids (>5%) were identified as iso-C(15:0), C(16:0), C(16:0)dma, C(14:0), anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(13:0). 25103947 10 0 theme major 1185:1189 arg1 C 1241:1241 C 1241:1241 C(16:0) 1241:1247 The major fatty acids (>5%) were identified as iso-C(15:0), C(16:0), C(16:0)dma, C(14:0), anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(13:0). 25103947 10 0 theme major 1185:1189 arg1 acids 1197:1201 The major fatty acids 1181:1201 The major fatty acids (>5%) 1181:1207 The major fatty acids (>5%) were identified as iso-C(15:0), C(16:0), C(16:0)dma, C(14:0), anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(13:0). 25103947 10 0 theme major 1185:1189 arg1 iso-C 1228:1232 iso-C 1228:1232 iso-C(15:0) 1228:1238 The major fatty acids (>5%) were identified as iso-C(15:0), C(16:0), C(16:0)dma, C(14:0), anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(13:0). 25103947 10 0 theme major 1185:1189 arg1 iso-C 1291:1295 iso-C 1291:1295 iso-C(13:0) 1291:1301 The major fatty acids (>5%) were identified as iso-C(15:0), C(16:0), C(16:0)dma, C(14:0), anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(13:0). 25103947 10 0 theme major 1185:1189 arg1 anteiso-C 1271:1279 anteiso-C 1271:1279 anteiso-C(15:0) 1271:1285 The major fatty acids (>5%) were identified as iso-C(15:0), C(16:0), C(16:0)dma, C(14:0), anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(13:0). 25103947 10 0 theme major 1185:1189 arg1 % 1206:1206 >5% 1204:1206 >5% 1204:1206 The major fatty acids (>5%) were identified as iso-C(15:0), C(16:0), C(16:0)dma, C(14:0), anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(13:0). 25103947 10 0 theme major 1185:1189 arg1 dma 1257:1259 C(16:0)dma 1250:1259 C(16:0)dma 1250:1259 The major fatty acids (>5%) were identified as iso-C(15:0), C(16:0), C(16:0)dma, C(14:0), anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(13:0). 25103947 3 1 theme Clostridium 475:485 arg1 cluster 487:493 Clostridium cluster I 475:495 Clostridium cluster I 475:495 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade with the closely related type strains of Clostridium cluster I and was most closely related to Clostridium amylolyticum JCM 14823(T) (94.38%). 25103947 12 2 theme cell 1365:1368 arg1 peptidoglycan 1375:1387 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1361:1387 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1361:1387 The diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars were found to include galactose and glucose as major components. 25103947 3 3 theme cluster 487:493 arg1 strains 464:470 the closely related type strains 439:470 the closely related type strains of Clostridium cluster I 439:495 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade with the closely related type strains of Clostridium cluster I and was most closely related to Clostridium amylolyticum JCM 14823(T) (94.38%). 25103947 16 4 theme 10730 1857:1861 arg1 S11-3-10 1808:1815 S11-3-10 1808:1815 S11-3-10(T) (=DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T)) 1808:1865 The type strain is S11-3-10(T) (=DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T)). 25103947 16 4 theme 10730 1857:1861 arg1 T 1863:1863 =DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T) 1821:1864 =DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T) 1821:1864 The type strain is S11-3-10(T) (=DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T)). 25103947 3 5 dep Clostridium 529:539 arg1 amylolyticum 541:552 amylolyticum 541:552 amylolyticum 541:552 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade with the closely related type strains of Clostridium cluster I and was most closely related to Clostridium amylolyticum JCM 14823(T) (94.38%). 25103947 3 6 theme gene 365:368 arg1 sequencing 370:379 16S rRNA gene sequencing 356:379 16S rRNA gene sequencing 356:379 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade with the closely related type strains of Clostridium cluster I and was most closely related to Clostridium amylolyticum JCM 14823(T) (94.38%). 25103947 1 7 theme anaerobic 44:52 arg1 bacterium 54:62 a novel anaerobic bacterium 36:62 a novel anaerobic bacterium 36:62 nov., a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from the pit mud of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. 25103947 1 7 theme anaerobic 44:52 arg1 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov., a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from the pit mud of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. 25103947 3 8 theme Clostridium 529:539 arg1 T 564:564 T 564:564 T 564:564 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade with the closely related type strains of Clostridium cluster I and was most closely related to Clostridium amylolyticum JCM 14823(T) (94.38%). 25103947 3 8 theme Clostridium 529:539 arg1 14823 558:562 Clostridium amylolyticum JCM 14823 529:562 Clostridium amylolyticum JCM 14823(T) (94.38%) 529:574 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade with the closely related type strains of Clostridium cluster I and was most closely related to Clostridium amylolyticum JCM 14823(T) (94.38%). 25103947 3 8 theme Clostridium 529:539 arg1 % 573:573 94.38% 568:573 94.38% 568:573 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade with the closely related type strains of Clostridium cluster I and was most closely related to Clostridium amylolyticum JCM 14823(T) (94.38%). 25103947 8 9 theme glucose 948:954 arg1 fermentation 956:967 glucose fermentation 948:967 glucose fermentation 948:967 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as ethanol, acetate and hydrogen. 25103947 2 10 theme Gram-positive 142:154 arg1 bacterium 203:211 A novel Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 134:211 A novel Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 134:211 A novel Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain S11-3-10(T), was isolated from the pit mud used for Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. 25103947 5 11 dep 7.5 768:770 arg1 to 765:766 to 765:766 to 765:766 The strain was able to tolerate up to 7.5 % (v/v) ethanol. 25103947 5 12 dep % 772:772 arg1 v/v 775:777 v/v 775:777 v/v 775:777 The strain was able to tolerate up to 7.5 % (v/v) ethanol. 25103947 5 12 dep % 772:772 arg1 7.5 768:770 7.5 768:770 7.5 768:770 The strain was able to tolerate up to 7.5 % (v/v) ethanol. 25103947 3 13 theme type 459:462 arg1 strains 464:470 the closely related type strains 439:470 the closely related type strains of Clostridium cluster I 439:495 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade with the closely related type strains of Clostridium cluster I and was most closely related to Clostridium amylolyticum JCM 14823(T) (94.38%). 25103947 16 14 theme = 1835:1835 arg1 S11-3-10 1808:1815 S11-3-10 1808:1815 S11-3-10(T) (=DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T)) 1808:1865 The type strain is S11-3-10(T) (=DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T)). 25103947 16 14 theme = 1835:1835 arg1 T 1863:1863 =DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T) 1821:1864 =DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T) 1821:1864 The type strain is S11-3-10(T) (=DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T)). 25103947 2 15 theme novel 136:140 arg1 bacterium 203:211 A novel Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 134:211 A novel Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 134:211 A novel Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain S11-3-10(T), was isolated from the pit mud used for Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. 25103947 14 16 theme genus 1704:1708 arg1 Clostridium 1710:1720 the genus Clostridium 1700:1720 the genus Clostridium 1700:1720 Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic evidence, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Clostridium for which the name Clostridium swellfunianum sp. 25103947 12 17 from acid 1353:1356 arg1 peptidoglycan 1375:1387 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1361:1387 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1361:1387 The diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars were found to include galactose and glucose as major components. 25103947 12 18 theme diamino 1345:1351 arg1 acid 1353:1356 The diamino acid 1341:1356 The diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan 1341:1387 The diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars were found to include galactose and glucose as major components. 25103947 12 18 theme diamino 1345:1351 arg1 acid 1427:1430 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1407:1430 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1407:1430 The diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars were found to include galactose and glucose as major components. 25103947 3 19 theme Phylogenetic 325:336 arg1 analysis 338:345 Phylogenetic analysis 325:345 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing 325:379 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade with the closely related type strains of Clostridium cluster I and was most closely related to Clostridium amylolyticum JCM 14823(T) (94.38%). 25103947 2 20 theme Chinese 284:290 arg1 production 313:322 Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production 284:322 Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production 284:322 A novel Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain S11-3-10(T), was isolated from the pit mud used for Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. 25103947 16 21 theme CICC 1852:1855 arg1 S11-3-10 1808:1815 S11-3-10 1808:1815 S11-3-10(T) (=DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T)) 1808:1865 The type strain is S11-3-10(T) (=DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T)). 25103947 16 21 theme CICC 1852:1855 arg1 T 1863:1863 =DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T) 1821:1864 =DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T) 1821:1864 The type strain is S11-3-10(T) (=DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T)). 25103947 3 22 theme monophyletic 415:426 arg1 clade 428:432 a monophyletic clade 413:432 a monophyletic clade 413:432 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade with the closely related type strains of Clostridium cluster I and was most closely related to Clostridium amylolyticum JCM 14823(T) (94.38%). 25103947 0 23 theme swellfunianum 12:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Clostridium swellfunianum sp 0:27 Clostridium swellfunianum sp. 0:28 Clostridium swellfunianum sp. 25103947 14 24 theme phylogenetic 1588:1599 arg1 evidence 1632:1639 the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic evidence 1584:1639 the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic evidence 1584:1639 Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic evidence, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Clostridium for which the name Clostridium swellfunianum sp. 25103947 16 25 theme type 1793:1796 arg1 S11-3-10 1808:1815 S11-3-10 1808:1815 S11-3-10(T) (=DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T)) 1808:1865 The type strain is S11-3-10(T) (=DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T)). 25103947 16 25 theme type 1793:1796 arg1 strain 1798:1803 The type strain 1789:1803 The type strain 1789:1803 The type strain is S11-3-10(T) (=DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T)). 25103947 9 26 theme unidentified 1136:1147 arg1 phospholipids 1149:1161 unidentified phospholipids 1136:1161 unidentified phospholipids 1136:1161 The polar lipids were found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified phospholipids and polar lipids. 25103947 4 27 theme NaCl 602:605 arg1 range 607:611 NaCl range 602:611 NaCl range 602:611 The temperature, pH, and NaCl range for growth was determined to be 20-45 °C (optimum 37 °C), 4.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.3), and 0-3.0% (w/v), respectively. 25103947 0 28 theme Clostridium 0:10 arg1 sp 26:27 Clostridium swellfunianum sp 0:27 Clostridium swellfunianum sp. 0:28 Clostridium swellfunianum sp. 25103947 9 29 theme polar 1167:1171 arg1 lipids 1173:1178 polar lipids 1167:1178 polar lipids 1167:1178 The polar lipids were found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified phospholipids and polar lipids. 25103947 1 30 theme pit 82:84 arg1 mud 86:88 the pit mud 78:88 the pit mud of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production 78:131 nov., a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from the pit mud of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. 25103947 13 31 theme DNA 1527:1529 arg1 content 1535:1541 The DNA G+C content 1523:1541 The DNA G+C content 1523:1541 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 36.4 mol%. 25103947 13 31 theme DNA 1527:1529 arg1 % 1572:1572 36.4 mol% 1564:1572 36.4 mol% 1564:1572 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 36.4 mol%. 25103947 5 32 dep ethanol 780:786 arg1 % 772:772 % 772:772 % 772:772 The strain was able to tolerate up to 7.5 % (v/v) ethanol. 25103947 14 33 theme swellfunianum 1753:1765 arg1 sp 1767:1768 the name Clostridium swellfunianum sp 1732:1768 the name Clostridium swellfunianum sp 1732:1768 Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic evidence, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Clostridium for which the name Clostridium swellfunianum sp. 25103947 12 34 theme whole-cell 1440:1449 arg1 sugars 1451:1456 the whole-cell sugars 1436:1456 the whole-cell sugars 1436:1456 The diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars were found to include galactose and glucose as major components. 25103947 13 35 theme G+C 1531:1533 arg1 content 1535:1541 The DNA G+C content 1523:1541 The DNA G+C content 1523:1541 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 36.4 mol%. 25103947 13 35 theme G+C 1531:1533 arg1 % 1572:1572 36.4 mol% 1564:1572 36.4 mol% 1564:1572 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 36.4 mol%. 25103947 3 36 theme JCM 554:556 arg1 T 564:564 T 564:564 T 564:564 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade with the closely related type strains of Clostridium cluster I and was most closely related to Clostridium amylolyticum JCM 14823(T) (94.38%). 25103947 3 36 theme JCM 554:556 arg1 14823 558:562 Clostridium amylolyticum JCM 14823 529:562 Clostridium amylolyticum JCM 14823(T) (94.38%) 529:574 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade with the closely related type strains of Clostridium cluster I and was most closely related to Clostridium amylolyticum JCM 14823(T) (94.38%). 25103947 3 36 theme JCM 554:556 arg1 % 573:573 94.38% 568:573 94.38% 568:573 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade with the closely related type strains of Clostridium cluster I and was most closely related to Clostridium amylolyticum JCM 14823(T) (94.38%). 25103947 2 37 dep Gram-positive 142:154 arg1 anaerobic 166:174 anaerobic 166:174 anaerobic 166:174 A novel Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain S11-3-10(T), was isolated from the pit mud used for Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. 25103947 2 37 dep Gram-positive 142:154 arg1 rod-shaped 192:201 rod-shaped 192:201 rod-shaped 192:201 A novel Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain S11-3-10(T), was isolated from the pit mud used for Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. 25103947 2 37 dep Gram-positive 142:154 arg1 spore-forming 177:189 spore-forming 177:189 spore-forming 177:189 A novel Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain S11-3-10(T), was isolated from the pit mud used for Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. 25103947 14 38 theme Clostridium 1741:1751 arg1 sp 1767:1768 the name Clostridium swellfunianum sp 1732:1768 the name Clostridium swellfunianum sp 1732:1768 Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic evidence, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Clostridium for which the name Clostridium swellfunianum sp. 25103947 9 39 theme polar 1023:1027 arg1 lipids 1029:1034 The polar lipids 1019:1034 The polar lipids 1019:1034 The polar lipids were found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified phospholipids and polar lipids. 25103947 2 40 theme pit 267:269 arg1 mud 271:273 the pit mud 263:273 the pit mud used for Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production 263:322 A novel Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain S11-3-10(T), was isolated from the pit mud used for Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. 25103947 3 41 theme 16S 356:358 arg1 sequencing 370:379 16S rRNA gene sequencing 356:379 16S rRNA gene sequencing 356:379 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade with the closely related type strains of Clostridium cluster I and was most closely related to Clostridium amylolyticum JCM 14823(T) (94.38%). 25103947 2 42 theme liquor 306:311 arg1 production 313:322 Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production 284:322 Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production 284:322 A novel Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain S11-3-10(T), was isolated from the pit mud used for Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. 25103947 14 43 theme name 1736:1739 arg1 sp 1767:1768 the name Clostridium swellfunianum sp 1732:1768 the name Clostridium swellfunianum sp 1732:1768 Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic evidence, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Clostridium for which the name Clostridium swellfunianum sp. 25103947 11 44 theme respiratory 1307:1317 arg1 quinone 1319:1325 No respiratory quinone 1304:1325 No respiratory quinone 1304:1325 No respiratory quinone was detected. 25103947 10 45 theme C 1250:1250 arg1 acids 1197:1201 The major fatty acids 1181:1201 The major fatty acids (>5%) 1181:1207 The major fatty acids (>5%) were identified as iso-C(15:0), C(16:0), C(16:0)dma, C(14:0), anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(13:0). 25103947 10 45 theme C 1250:1250 arg1 dma 1257:1259 C(16:0)dma 1250:1259 C(16:0)dma 1250:1259 The major fatty acids (>5%) were identified as iso-C(15:0), C(16:0), C(16:0)dma, C(14:0), anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(13:0). 25103947 2 46 theme strain 225:230 arg1 T 241:241 T 241:241 T 241:241 A novel Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain S11-3-10(T), was isolated from the pit mud used for Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. 25103947 2 46 theme strain 225:230 arg1 S11-3-10 232:239 strain S11-3-10 225:239 strain S11-3-10(T) 225:242 A novel Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain S11-3-10(T), was isolated from the pit mud used for Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. 25103947 6 47 theme Yeast 789:793 arg1 extract 795:801 Yeast extract 789:801 Yeast extract 789:801 Yeast extract or peptone was found to be required for growth. 25103947 12 48 theme major 1505:1509 arg1 glucose 1494:1500 glucose 1494:1500 glucose 1494:1500 The diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars were found to include galactose and glucose as major components. 25103947 12 48 theme major 1505:1509 arg1 components 1511:1520 major components 1505:1520 major components 1505:1520 The diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars were found to include galactose and glucose as major components. 25103947 12 48 theme major 1505:1509 arg1 galactose 1480:1488 galactose 1480:1488 galactose 1480:1488 The diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars were found to include galactose and glucose as major components. 25103947 1 49 theme Chinese 93:99 arg1 production 122:131 Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production 93:131 Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production 93:131 nov., a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from the pit mud of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. 25103947 3 50 theme related 451:457 arg1 strains 464:470 the closely related type strains 439:470 the closely related type strains of Clostridium cluster I 439:495 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade with the closely related type strains of Clostridium cluster I and was most closely related to Clostridium amylolyticum JCM 14823(T) (94.38%). 25103947 1 51 theme Luzhou-flavor 101:113 arg1 production 122:131 Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production 93:131 Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production 93:131 nov., a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from the pit mud of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. 25103947 2 52 attach isolated 249:256 arg2 bacterium 203:211 A novel Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 134:211 A novel Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium 134:211 A novel Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain S11-3-10(T), was isolated from the pit mud used for Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. 25103947 2 52 attach isolated 249:256 arg1 mud 271:273 the pit mud 263:273 the pit mud used for Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production 263:322 A novel Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain S11-3-10(T), was isolated from the pit mud used for Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. 25103947 14 53 theme Clostridium 1710:1720 arg1 species 1689:1695 a novel species 1681:1695 a novel species of the genus Clostridium for which the name Clostridium swellfunianum sp 1681:1768 Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic evidence, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Clostridium for which the name Clostridium swellfunianum sp. 25103947 4 54 theme optimum 681:687 arg1 pH 689:690 optimum pH 7.3 681:694 optimum pH 7.3 681:694 The temperature, pH, and NaCl range for growth was determined to be 20-45 °C (optimum 37 °C), 4.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.3), and 0-3.0% (w/v), respectively. 25103947 4 54 theme optimum 681:687 arg1 4.0-10.0 671:678 4.0-10.0 671:678 4.0-10.0 671:678 The temperature, pH, and NaCl range for growth was determined to be 20-45 °C (optimum 37 °C), 4.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.3), and 0-3.0% (w/v), respectively. 25103947 4 55 dep temperature 581:591 arg1 The 577:579 The 577:579 The 577:579 The temperature, pH, and NaCl range for growth was determined to be 20-45 °C (optimum 37 °C), 4.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.3), and 0-3.0% (w/v), respectively. 25103947 1 56 theme liquor 115:120 arg1 production 122:131 Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production 93:131 Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production 93:131 nov., a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from the pit mud of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. 25103947 14 57 theme novel 1683:1687 arg1 species 1689:1695 a novel species 1681:1695 a novel species of the genus Clostridium for which the name Clostridium swellfunianum sp 1681:1768 Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic evidence, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Clostridium for which the name Clostridium swellfunianum sp. 25103947 8 58 from fermentation 956:967 arg1 products 934:941 The major end products 920:941 The major end products from glucose fermentation 920:967 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as ethanol, acetate and hydrogen. 25103947 8 58 from fermentation 956:967 arg1 hydrogen 1009:1016 hydrogen 1009:1016 hydrogen 1009:1016 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as ethanol, acetate and hydrogen. 25103947 8 58 from fermentation 956:967 arg1 acetate 997:1003 acetate 997:1003 acetate 997:1003 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as ethanol, acetate and hydrogen. 25103947 8 58 from fermentation 956:967 arg1 ethanol 988:994 ethanol 988:994 ethanol 988:994 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as ethanol, acetate and hydrogen. 25103947 14 59 theme phenotypic 1621:1630 arg1 evidence 1632:1639 the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic evidence 1584:1639 the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic evidence 1584:1639 Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic evidence, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Clostridium for which the name Clostridium swellfunianum sp. 25103947 4 60 theme optimum 655:661 arg1 °C 651:652 20-45 °C 645:652 20-45 °C (optimum 37 °C) 645:668 The temperature, pH, and NaCl range for growth was determined to be 20-45 °C (optimum 37 °C), 4.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.3), and 0-3.0% (w/v), respectively. 25103947 4 60 theme optimum 655:661 arg1 °C 666:667 optimum 37 °C 655:667 optimum 37 °C 655:667 The temperature, pH, and NaCl range for growth was determined to be 20-45 °C (optimum 37 °C), 4.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.3), and 0-3.0% (w/v), respectively. 25103947 1 61 theme production 122:131 arg1 mud 86:88 the pit mud 78:88 the pit mud of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production 78:131 nov., a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from the pit mud of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. 25103947 2 62 theme Luzhou-flavor 292:304 arg1 production 313:322 Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production 284:322 Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production 284:322 A novel Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain S11-3-10(T), was isolated from the pit mud used for Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. 25103947 8 63 theme end 930:932 arg1 products 934:941 The major end products 920:941 The major end products from glucose fermentation 920:967 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as ethanol, acetate and hydrogen. 25103947 8 63 theme end 930:932 arg1 hydrogen 1009:1016 hydrogen 1009:1016 hydrogen 1009:1016 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as ethanol, acetate and hydrogen. 25103947 8 63 theme end 930:932 arg1 acetate 997:1003 acetate 997:1003 acetate 997:1003 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as ethanol, acetate and hydrogen. 25103947 8 63 theme end 930:932 arg1 ethanol 988:994 ethanol 988:994 ethanol 988:994 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as ethanol, acetate and hydrogen. 25103947 16 64 theme = 1850:1850 arg1 S11-3-10 1808:1815 S11-3-10 1808:1815 S11-3-10(T) (=DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T)) 1808:1865 The type strain is S11-3-10(T) (=DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T)). 25103947 16 64 theme = 1850:1850 arg1 T 1863:1863 =DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T) 1821:1864 =DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T) 1821:1864 The type strain is S11-3-10(T) (=DSM 27788(T) = JCM 19606(T) = CICC 10730(T)). 25103947 13 65 theme mol 1569:1571 arg1 content 1535:1541 The DNA G+C content 1523:1541 The DNA G+C content 1523:1541 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 36.4 mol%. 25103947 13 65 theme mol 1569:1571 arg1 % 1572:1572 36.4 mol% 1564:1572 36.4 mol% 1564:1572 The DNA G+C content was determined to be 36.4 mol%. 25103947 12 66 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1407:1425 arg1 acid 1353:1356 The diamino acid 1341:1356 The diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan 1341:1387 The diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars were found to include galactose and glucose as major components. 25103947 12 66 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1407:1425 arg1 acid 1427:1430 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1407:1430 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1407:1430 The diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars were found to include galactose and glucose as major components. 25103947 8 67 theme major 924:928 arg1 products 934:941 The major end products 920:941 The major end products from glucose fermentation 920:967 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as ethanol, acetate and hydrogen. 25103947 8 67 theme major 924:928 arg1 hydrogen 1009:1016 hydrogen 1009:1016 hydrogen 1009:1016 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as ethanol, acetate and hydrogen. 25103947 8 67 theme major 924:928 arg1 acetate 997:1003 acetate 997:1003 acetate 997:1003 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as ethanol, acetate and hydrogen. 25103947 8 67 theme major 924:928 arg1 ethanol 988:994 ethanol 988:994 ethanol 988:994 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as ethanol, acetate and hydrogen. 25103947 1 68 theme novel 38:42 arg1 bacterium 54:62 a novel anaerobic bacterium 36:62 a novel anaerobic bacterium 36:62 nov., a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from the pit mud of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. 25103947 1 68 theme novel 38:42 arg1 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov., a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from the pit mud of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. 25103947 10 69 theme fatty 1191:1195 arg1 C 1262:1262 C 1262:1262 C(14:0) 1262:1268 The major fatty acids (>5%) were identified as iso-C(15:0), C(16:0), C(16:0)dma, C(14:0), anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(13:0). 25103947 10 69 theme fatty 1191:1195 arg1 C 1241:1241 C 1241:1241 C(16:0) 1241:1247 The major fatty acids (>5%) were identified as iso-C(15:0), C(16:0), C(16:0)dma, C(14:0), anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(13:0). 25103947 10 69 theme fatty 1191:1195 arg1 acids 1197:1201 The major fatty acids 1181:1201 The major fatty acids (>5%) 1181:1207 The major fatty acids (>5%) were identified as iso-C(15:0), C(16:0), C(16:0)dma, C(14:0), anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(13:0). 25103947 10 69 theme fatty 1191:1195 arg1 iso-C 1228:1232 iso-C 1228:1232 iso-C(15:0) 1228:1238 The major fatty acids (>5%) were identified as iso-C(15:0), C(16:0), C(16:0)dma, C(14:0), anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(13:0). 25103947 10 69 theme fatty 1191:1195 arg1 iso-C 1291:1295 iso-C 1291:1295 iso-C(13:0) 1291:1301 The major fatty acids (>5%) were identified as iso-C(15:0), C(16:0), C(16:0)dma, C(14:0), anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(13:0). 25103947 10 69 theme fatty 1191:1195 arg1 anteiso-C 1271:1279 anteiso-C 1271:1279 anteiso-C(15:0) 1271:1285 The major fatty acids (>5%) were identified as iso-C(15:0), C(16:0), C(16:0)dma, C(14:0), anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(13:0). 25103947 10 69 theme fatty 1191:1195 arg1 % 1206:1206 >5% 1204:1206 >5% 1204:1206 The major fatty acids (>5%) were identified as iso-C(15:0), C(16:0), C(16:0)dma, C(14:0), anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(13:0). 25103947 10 69 theme fatty 1191:1195 arg1 dma 1257:1259 C(16:0)dma 1250:1259 C(16:0)dma 1250:1259 The major fatty acids (>5%) were identified as iso-C(15:0), C(16:0), C(16:0)dma, C(14:0), anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(13:0). 25103947 3 70 theme rRNA 360:363 arg1 sequencing 370:379 16S rRNA gene sequencing 356:379 16S rRNA gene sequencing 356:379 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade with the closely related type strains of Clostridium cluster I and was most closely related to Clostridium amylolyticum JCM 14823(T) (94.38%). 25103947 12 71 theme wall 1370:1373 arg1 peptidoglycan 1375:1387 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1361:1387 the cell wall peptidoglycan 1361:1387 The diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars were found to include galactose and glucose as major components. 25103947 14 72 theme chemotaxonomic 1602:1615 arg1 evidence 1632:1639 the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic evidence 1584:1639 the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic evidence 1584:1639 Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic evidence, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Clostridium for which the name Clostridium swellfunianum sp. 26393577 1 0 dep week 447:450 arg1 either 473:478 either 473:478 either 473:478 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 1 0 dep week 447:450 arg1 injections 461:470 up to 18 injections 452:470 a week up to 18 injections 445:470 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 1 0 dep week 447:450 arg1 combination 492:502 combination 492:502 combination 492:502 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 0 1 theme Bioprotectors 119:131 arg1 Complex 108:114 a Complex 106:114 a Complex of Bioprotectors 106:131 Attenuation of Combined Nickel(II) Oxide and Manganese(II, III) Oxide Nanoparticles' Adverse Effects with a Complex of Bioprotectors. 26393577 1 2 theme de-ionized 340:349 arg1 water 351:355 de-ionized water 340:355 de-ionized water 340:355 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 1 3 dep either 473:478 arg1 alone 480:484 alone 480:484 alone 480:484 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 2 4 theme bio-protective 602:615 arg1 BPC 627:629 BPC 627:629 BPC 627:629 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 2 4 theme bio-protective 602:615 arg1 " 624:624 a "bio-protective complex" 599:624 a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience 599:836 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 7 5 theme factors 1778:1784 arg1 one 1767:1769 one 1767:1769 one 1767:1769 The comparative solubility of the Mn₃O₄-NPs and NiO-NPs in a biological medium is discussed as one of the factors underlying the difference in their toxicokinetics and toxicities. 26393577 7 5 theme factors 1778:1784 arg1 factors 1778:1784 the factors 1774:1784 the factors underlying the difference in their toxicokinetics and toxicities 1774:1849 The comparative solubility of the Mn₃O₄-NPs and NiO-NPs in a biological medium is discussed as one of the factors underlying the difference in their toxicokinetics and toxicities. 26393577 7 5 theme factors 1778:1784 arg1 solubility 1688:1697 The comparative solubility 1672:1697 The comparative solubility of the Mn₃O₄-NPs and NiO-NPs in a biological medium 1672:1749 The comparative solubility of the Mn₃O₄-NPs and NiO-NPs in a biological medium is discussed as one of the factors underlying the difference in their toxicokinetics and toxicities. 26393577 5 6 theme blood 1208:1212 arg1 leukocytes 1214:1223 blood leukocytes 1208:1223 blood leukocytes 1208:1223 We obtained blood leukocytes for performing the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) test. 26393577 7 7 theme biological 1733:1742 arg1 medium 1744:1749 a biological medium 1731:1749 a biological medium 1731:1749 The comparative solubility of the Mn₃O₄-NPs and NiO-NPs in a biological medium is discussed as one of the factors underlying the difference in their toxicokinetics and toxicities. 26393577 4 8 dep the 1112:1114 arg1 help 1116:1119 help 1116:1119 help 1116:1119 The Ni and Mn content of these organs was measured with the help of the atomic emission and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. 26393577 3 9 dep liver 985:989 arg1 the 981:983 the 981:983 the 981:983 After the termination of injections, many functional and biochemical indices and histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) of the liver, spleen, kidneys and brain were evaluated for signs of toxicity. 26393577 3 10 with features 938:945 arg1 assessment 966:975 morphometric assessment 953:975 morphometric assessment 953:975 After the termination of injections, many functional and biochemical indices and histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) of the liver, spleen, kidneys and brain were evaluated for signs of toxicity. 26393577 2 11 theme " 624:624 arg1 administration 581:594 the background oral administration 561:594 the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience 561:836 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 4 12 theme electron 1148:1155 arg1 spectroscopies 1180:1193 electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies 1148:1193 electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies 1148:1193 The Ni and Mn content of these organs was measured with the help of the atomic emission and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. 26393577 0 13 theme Adverse 85:91 arg1 Effects 93:99 ' Adverse Effects 83:99 ' Adverse Effects 83:99 Attenuation of Combined Nickel(II) Oxide and Manganese(II, III) Oxide Nanoparticles' Adverse Effects with a Complex of Bioprotectors. 26393577 1 14 theme % 310:310 arg1 nickel 317:322 99.99% pure nickel 305:322 99.99% pure nickel 305:322 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 1 15 theme Mn₃O₄ 164:168 arg1 nanoparticles 170:182 Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles 164:182 Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles 164:182 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 4 16 theme resonance 1170:1178 arg1 spectroscopies 1180:1193 electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies 1148:1193 electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies 1148:1193 The Ni and Mn content of these organs was measured with the help of the atomic emission and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. 26393577 6 17 dep induced 1508:1514 arg1 considered 1596:1605 considered 1596:1605 may be considered an experimental correlate of the manganese-induced Parkinsonism 1589:1669 Although both metallic NPs proved adversely bio-active in many respects considered in this study, Mn₃O₄-NPs were somewhat more noxious than NiO-NPs as concerns most of the non-specific toxicity manifestations and they induced more marked damage to neurons in the striatum and the hippocampus, which may be considered an experimental correlate of the manganese-induced Parkinsonism. 26393577 6 18 theme toxicity 1475:1482 arg1 manifestations 1484:1497 the non-specific toxicity manifestations 1458:1497 the non-specific toxicity manifestations 1458:1497 Although both metallic NPs proved adversely bio-active in many respects considered in this study, Mn₃O₄-NPs were somewhat more noxious than NiO-NPs as concerns most of the non-specific toxicity manifestations and they induced more marked damage to neurons in the striatum and the hippocampus, which may be considered an experimental correlate of the manganese-induced Parkinsonism. 26393577 7 19 from solubility 1688:1697 arg1 medium 1744:1749 a biological medium 1731:1749 a biological medium 1731:1749 The comparative solubility of the Mn₃O₄-NPs and NiO-NPs in a biological medium is discussed as one of the factors underlying the difference in their toxicokinetics and toxicities. 26393577 7 20 dep Mn₃O₄-NPs 1706:1714 arg1 the 1702:1704 the 1702:1704 the 1702:1704 The comparative solubility of the Mn₃O₄-NPs and NiO-NPs in a biological medium is discussed as one of the factors underlying the difference in their toxicokinetics and toxicities. 26393577 2 21 theme background 565:574 arg1 administration 581:594 the background oral administration 561:594 the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience 561:836 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 2 22 dep previous 818:825 arg1 experience 827:836 experience 827:836 experience 827:836 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 3 23 theme functional 881:890 arg1 indices 908:914 many functional and biochemical indices 876:914 many functional and biochemical indices 876:914 After the termination of injections, many functional and biochemical indices and histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) of the liver, spleen, kidneys and brain were evaluated for signs of toxicity. 26393577 6 24 from bio-active 1334:1343 arg1 respects 1353:1360 many respects 1348:1360 many respects considered in this study 1348:1385 Although both metallic NPs proved adversely bio-active in many respects considered in this study, Mn₃O₄-NPs were somewhat more noxious than NiO-NPs as concerns most of the non-specific toxicity manifestations and they induced more marked damage to neurons in the striatum and the hippocampus, which may be considered an experimental correlate of the manganese-induced Parkinsonism. 26393577 6 25 dep striatum 1553:1560 arg1 the 1549:1551 the 1549:1551 the 1549:1551 Although both metallic NPs proved adversely bio-active in many respects considered in this study, Mn₃O₄-NPs were somewhat more noxious than NiO-NPs as concerns most of the non-specific toxicity manifestations and they induced more marked damage to neurons in the striatum and the hippocampus, which may be considered an experimental correlate of the manganese-induced Parkinsonism. 26393577 2 26 theme mechanistic 787:797 arg1 considerations 799:812 mechanistic considerations 787:812 mechanistic considerations 787:812 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 5 27 theme Amplified 1257:1265 arg1 DNA 1279:1281 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA 1250:1281 the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) test 1240:1287 We obtained blood leukocytes for performing the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) test. 26393577 1 28 theme mg/kg 431:435 arg1 times 439:443 2.5 mg/kg 3 times 427:443 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination 427:502 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 1 29 theme laser 287:291 arg1 ablation 293:300 laser ablation 287:300 laser ablation 287:300 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 6 30 theme marked 1521:1526 arg1 damage 1528:1533 more marked damage 1516:1533 more marked damage to neurons 1516:1544 Although both metallic NPs proved adversely bio-active in many respects considered in this study, Mn₃O₄-NPs were somewhat more noxious than NiO-NPs as concerns most of the non-specific toxicity manifestations and they induced more marked damage to neurons in the striatum and the hippocampus, which may be considered an experimental correlate of the manganese-induced Parkinsonism. 26393577 5 31 theme DNA 1279:1281 arg1 test 1284:1287 the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) test 1240:1287 the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) test 1240:1287 We obtained blood leukocytes for performing the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) test. 26393577 0 32 theme Manganese 45:53 arg1 Oxide 64:68 Manganese(II, III) Oxide 45:68 Oxide 64:68 Attenuation of Combined Nickel(II) Oxide and Manganese(II, III) Oxide Nanoparticles' Adverse Effects with a Complex of Bioprotectors. 26393577 1 33 theme times 439:443 arg1 dose 419:422 a dose 417:422 a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination 417:502 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 3 34 theme histopathological 920:936 arg1 features 938:945 histopathological features 920:945 histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) 920:976 After the termination of injections, many functional and biochemical indices and histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) of the liver, spleen, kidneys and brain were evaluated for signs of toxicity. 26393577 1 35 theme ±s.d. 203:207 arg1 diameter 210:217 a mean (±s.d.) diameter 195:217 a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively 195:259 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 3 36 theme biochemical 896:906 arg1 indices 908:914 many functional and biochemical indices 876:914 many functional and biochemical indices 876:914 After the termination of injections, many functional and biochemical indices and histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) of the liver, spleen, kidneys and brain were evaluated for signs of toxicity. 26393577 2 37 theme rats 516:519 arg1 group 507:511 A group 505:511 A group of rats 505:519 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 2 37 theme rats 516:519 arg1 rats 516:519 rats 516:519 rats 516:519 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 0 38 theme Combined 15:22 arg1 Oxide 35:39 Combined Nickel(II) Oxide 15:39 Combined Nickel(II) Oxide 15:39 Attenuation of Combined Nickel(II) Oxide and Manganese(II, III) Oxide Nanoparticles' Adverse Effects with a Complex of Bioprotectors. 26393577 1 39 with NiO 156:158 arg1 diameter 210:217 a mean (±s.d.) diameter 195:217 a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively 195:259 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 4 40 theme organs 1087:1092 arg1 content 1070:1076 The Ni and Mn content 1056:1076 The Ni and Mn content of these organs 1056:1092 The Ni and Mn content of these organs was measured with the help of the atomic emission and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. 26393577 2 41 theme omega-3 728:734 arg1 PUFA 736:739 omega-3 PUFA 728:739 omega-3 PUFA 728:739 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 2 41 theme omega-3 728:734 arg1 vitamins 651:658 vitamins 651:658 vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA 651:739 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 4 42 theme Ni 1060:1061 arg1 content 1070:1076 The Ni and Mn content 1056:1076 The Ni and Mn content of these organs 1056:1092 The Ni and Mn content of these organs was measured with the help of the atomic emission and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. 26393577 1 43 theme nanoparticles 170:182 arg1 suspensions 141:151 Stable suspensions 134:151 Stable suspensions 134:151 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 4 44 theme Mn 1067:1068 arg1 content 1070:1076 The Ni and Mn content 1056:1076 The Ni and Mn content of these organs 1056:1092 The Ni and Mn content of these organs was measured with the help of the atomic emission and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. 26393577 3 45 theme spleen 992:997 arg1 indices 908:914 many functional and biochemical indices 876:914 many functional and biochemical indices 876:914 After the termination of injections, many functional and biochemical indices and histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) of the liver, spleen, kidneys and brain were evaluated for signs of toxicity. 26393577 3 45 theme spleen 992:997 arg1 features 938:945 histopathological features 920:945 histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) 920:976 After the termination of injections, many functional and biochemical indices and histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) of the liver, spleen, kidneys and brain were evaluated for signs of toxicity. 26393577 1 46 with nanoparticles 170:182 arg1 diameter 210:217 a mean (±s.d.) diameter 195:217 a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively 195:259 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 6 47 theme manganese-induced 1640:1656 arg1 Parkinsonism 1658:1669 the manganese-induced Parkinsonism 1636:1669 the manganese-induced Parkinsonism 1636:1669 Although both metallic NPs proved adversely bio-active in many respects considered in this study, Mn₃O₄-NPs were somewhat more noxious than NiO-NPs as concerns most of the non-specific toxicity manifestations and they induced more marked damage to neurons in the striatum and the hippocampus, which may be considered an experimental correlate of the manganese-induced Parkinsonism. 26393577 3 48 theme liver 985:989 arg1 indices 908:914 many functional and biochemical indices 876:914 many functional and biochemical indices 876:914 After the termination of injections, many functional and biochemical indices and histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) of the liver, spleen, kidneys and brain were evaluated for signs of toxicity. 26393577 3 48 theme liver 985:989 arg1 features 938:945 histopathological features 920:945 histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) 920:976 After the termination of injections, many functional and biochemical indices and histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) of the liver, spleen, kidneys and brain were evaluated for signs of toxicity. 26393577 4 49 theme atomic 1128:1133 arg1 emission 1135:1142 the atomic emission 1124:1142 the atomic emission 1124:1142 The Ni and Mn content of these organs was measured with the help of the atomic emission and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. 26393577 5 50 theme RAPD 1244:1247 arg1 test 1284:1287 the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) test 1240:1287 the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) test 1240:1287 We obtained blood leukocytes for performing the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) test. 26393577 1 51 theme mean 197:200 arg1 diameter 210:217 a mean (±s.d.) diameter 195:217 a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively 195:259 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 3 52 theme brain 1012:1016 arg1 indices 908:914 many functional and biochemical indices 876:914 many functional and biochemical indices 876:914 After the termination of injections, many functional and biochemical indices and histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) of the liver, spleen, kidneys and brain were evaluated for signs of toxicity. 26393577 3 52 theme brain 1012:1016 arg1 features 938:945 histopathological features 920:945 histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) 920:976 After the termination of injections, many functional and biochemical indices and histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) of the liver, spleen, kidneys and brain were evaluated for signs of toxicity. 26393577 7 53 from difference 1801:1810 arg1 toxicities 1840:1849 toxicities 1840:1849 toxicities 1840:1849 The comparative solubility of the Mn₃O₄-NPs and NiO-NPs in a biological medium is discussed as one of the factors underlying the difference in their toxicokinetics and toxicities. 26393577 7 53 from difference 1801:1810 arg1 toxicokinetics 1821:1834 toxicokinetics 1821:1834 toxicokinetics 1821:1834 The comparative solubility of the Mn₃O₄-NPs and NiO-NPs in a biological medium is discussed as one of the factors underlying the difference in their toxicokinetics and toxicities. 26393577 1 54 dep 18 458:459 arg1 to 455:456 to 455:456 to 455:456 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 2 55 theme complex 617:623 arg1 BPC 627:629 BPC 627:629 BPC 627:629 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 2 55 theme complex 617:623 arg1 " 624:624 a "bio-protective complex" 599:624 a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience 599:836 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 6 56 theme experimental 1610:1621 arg1 correlate 1623:1631 an experimental correlate 1607:1631 an experimental correlate of the manganese-induced Parkinsonism 1607:1669 Although both metallic NPs proved adversely bio-active in many respects considered in this study, Mn₃O₄-NPs were somewhat more noxious than NiO-NPs as concerns most of the non-specific toxicity manifestations and they induced more marked damage to neurons in the striatum and the hippocampus, which may be considered an experimental correlate of the manganese-induced Parkinsonism. 26393577 5 57 theme Random 1250:1255 arg1 DNA 1279:1281 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA 1250:1281 the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) test 1240:1287 We obtained blood leukocytes for performing the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) test. 26393577 6 58 theme many 1348:1351 arg1 respects 1353:1360 many respects 1348:1360 many respects considered in this study 1348:1385 Although both metallic NPs proved adversely bio-active in many respects considered in this study, Mn₃O₄-NPs were somewhat more noxious than NiO-NPs as concerns most of the non-specific toxicity manifestations and they induced more marked damage to neurons in the striatum and the hippocampus, which may be considered an experimental correlate of the manganese-induced Parkinsonism. 26393577 3 59 theme kidneys 1000:1006 arg1 indices 908:914 many functional and biochemical indices 876:914 many functional and biochemical indices 876:914 After the termination of injections, many functional and biochemical indices and histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) of the liver, spleen, kidneys and brain were evaluated for signs of toxicity. 26393577 3 59 theme kidneys 1000:1006 arg1 features 938:945 histopathological features 920:945 histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) 920:976 After the termination of injections, many functional and biochemical indices and histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) of the liver, spleen, kidneys and brain were evaluated for signs of toxicity. 26393577 1 60 theme Stable 134:139 arg1 suspensions 141:151 Stable suspensions 134:151 Stable suspensions 134:151 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 2 61 dep vitamins 651:658 arg1 PUFA 736:739 omega-3 PUFA 728:739 omega-3 PUFA 728:739 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 2 61 dep vitamins 651:658 arg1 E 666:666 E 666:666 E 666:666 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 2 61 dep vitamins 651:658 arg1 vitamins 651:658 vitamins 651:658 vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA 651:739 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 2 61 dep vitamins 651:658 arg1 glutamate 669:677 glutamate 669:677 glutamate 669:677 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 2 61 dep vitamins 651:658 arg1 selenium 707:714 selenium 707:714 selenium 707:714 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 2 61 dep vitamins 651:658 arg1 A 660:660 A 660:660 A 660:660 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 2 61 dep vitamins 651:658 arg1 iodide 717:722 iodide 717:722 iodide 717:722 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 2 61 dep vitamins 651:658 arg1 C 663:663 C 663:663 C 663:663 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 2 61 dep vitamins 651:658 arg1 glycine 680:686 glycine 680:686 glycine 680:686 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 2 61 dep vitamins 651:658 arg1 N-acetylcysteine 689:704 N-acetylcysteine 689:704 N-acetylcysteine 689:704 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 1 62 theme 99.99 305:309 arg1 % 310:310 % 310:310 % 310:310 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 6 63 theme metallic 1304:1311 arg1 NPs 1313:1315 both metallic NPs 1299:1315 both metallic NPs 1299:1315 Although both metallic NPs proved adversely bio-active in many respects considered in this study, Mn₃O₄-NPs were somewhat more noxious than NiO-NPs as concerns most of the non-specific toxicity manifestations and they induced more marked damage to neurons in the striatum and the hippocampus, which may be considered an experimental correlate of the manganese-induced Parkinsonism. 26393577 1 64 theme pure 312:315 arg1 nickel 317:322 99.99% pure nickel 305:322 99.99% pure nickel 305:322 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 3 65 theme morphometric 953:964 arg1 assessment 966:975 morphometric assessment 953:975 morphometric assessment 953:975 After the termination of injections, many functional and biochemical indices and histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) of the liver, spleen, kidneys and brain were evaluated for signs of toxicity. 26393577 3 66 theme toxicity 1046:1053 arg1 signs 1037:1041 signs 1037:1041 signs of toxicity 1037:1053 After the termination of injections, many functional and biochemical indices and histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) of the liver, spleen, kidneys and brain were evaluated for signs of toxicity. 26393577 4 67 theme paramagnetic 1157:1168 arg1 spectroscopies 1180:1193 electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies 1148:1193 electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies 1148:1193 The Ni and Mn content of these organs was measured with the help of the atomic emission and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. 26393577 3 68 with indices 908:914 arg1 assessment 966:975 morphometric assessment 953:975 morphometric assessment 953:975 After the termination of injections, many functional and biochemical indices and histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) of the liver, spleen, kidneys and brain were evaluated for signs of toxicity. 26393577 6 69 theme non-specific 1462:1473 arg1 manifestations 1484:1497 the non-specific toxicity manifestations 1458:1497 the non-specific toxicity manifestations 1458:1497 Although both metallic NPs proved adversely bio-active in many respects considered in this study, Mn₃O₄-NPs were somewhat more noxious than NiO-NPs as concerns most of the non-specific toxicity manifestations and they induced more marked damage to neurons in the striatum and the hippocampus, which may be considered an experimental correlate of the manganese-induced Parkinsonism. 26393577 1 70 from manganese 327:335 arg1 water 351:355 de-ionized water 340:355 de-ionized water 340:355 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 2 71 theme oral 576:579 arg1 administration 581:594 the background oral administration 561:594 the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience 561:836 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 1 72 from nickel 317:322 arg1 water 351:355 de-ionized water 340:355 de-ionized water 340:355 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 3 73 theme many 876:879 arg1 indices 908:914 many functional and biochemical indices 876:914 many functional and biochemical indices 876:914 After the termination of injections, many functional and biochemical indices and histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) of the liver, spleen, kidneys and brain were evaluated for signs of toxicity. 26393577 3 74 theme injections 864:873 arg1 termination 849:859 the termination 845:859 the termination of injections 845:873 After the termination of injections, many functional and biochemical indices and histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) of the liver, spleen, kidneys and brain were evaluated for signs of toxicity. 26393577 1 75 dep injected 374:381 arg1 IP 402:403 IP 402:403 IP 402:403 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 0 76 theme Oxide 64:68 arg1 Attenuation 0:10 Attenuation 0:10 Attenuation of Combined Nickel(II) Oxide and Manganese(II, III) Oxide 0:68 Attenuation of Combined Nickel(II) Oxide and Manganese(II, III) Oxide Nanoparticles' Adverse Effects with a Complex of Bioprotectors. 26393577 1 77 theme NiO 156:158 arg1 suspensions 141:151 Stable suspensions 134:151 Stable suspensions 134:151 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 6 78 from respects 1353:1360 arg1 bio-active 1334:1343 bio-active 1334:1343 bio-active 1334:1343 Although both metallic NPs proved adversely bio-active in many respects considered in this study, Mn₃O₄-NPs were somewhat more noxious than NiO-NPs as concerns most of the non-specific toxicity manifestations and they induced more marked damage to neurons in the striatum and the hippocampus, which may be considered an experimental correlate of the manganese-induced Parkinsonism. 26393577 8 79 theme organ-systemic 1884:1897 arg1 toxicity 1899:1906 the organ-systemic toxicity 1880:1906 the organ-systemic toxicity 1880:1906 The BPC has attenuated both the organ-systemic toxicity and the genotoxicity of Mn₃O₄-NPs in combination with NiO-NPs. 26393577 5 80 theme Polymorphic 1267:1277 arg1 DNA 1279:1281 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA 1250:1281 the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) test 1240:1287 We obtained blood leukocytes for performing the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) test. 26393577 2 81 with combination 544:554 arg1 administration 581:594 the background oral administration 561:594 the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience 561:836 A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a "bio-protective complex" (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. 26393577 0 82 theme Nickel 24:29 arg1 Oxide 35:39 Combined Nickel(II) Oxide 15:39 Combined Nickel(II) Oxide 15:39 Attenuation of Combined Nickel(II) Oxide and Manganese(II, III) Oxide Nanoparticles' Adverse Effects with a Complex of Bioprotectors. 26393577 7 83 theme NiO-NPs 1720:1726 arg1 one 1767:1769 one 1767:1769 one 1767:1769 The comparative solubility of the Mn₃O₄-NPs and NiO-NPs in a biological medium is discussed as one of the factors underlying the difference in their toxicokinetics and toxicities. 26393577 7 83 theme NiO-NPs 1720:1726 arg1 solubility 1688:1697 The comparative solubility 1672:1697 The comparative solubility of the Mn₃O₄-NPs and NiO-NPs in a biological medium 1672:1749 The comparative solubility of the Mn₃O₄-NPs and NiO-NPs in a biological medium is discussed as one of the factors underlying the difference in their toxicokinetics and toxicities. 26393577 7 83 theme NiO-NPs 1720:1726 arg1 factors 1778:1784 the factors 1774:1784 the factors underlying the difference in their toxicokinetics and toxicities 1774:1849 The comparative solubility of the Mn₃O₄-NPs and NiO-NPs in a biological medium is discussed as one of the factors underlying the difference in their toxicokinetics and toxicities. 26393577 7 84 theme Mn₃O₄-NPs 1706:1714 arg1 one 1767:1769 one 1767:1769 one 1767:1769 The comparative solubility of the Mn₃O₄-NPs and NiO-NPs in a biological medium is discussed as one of the factors underlying the difference in their toxicokinetics and toxicities. 26393577 7 84 theme Mn₃O₄-NPs 1706:1714 arg1 solubility 1688:1697 The comparative solubility 1672:1697 The comparative solubility of the Mn₃O₄-NPs and NiO-NPs in a biological medium 1672:1749 The comparative solubility of the Mn₃O₄-NPs and NiO-NPs in a biological medium is discussed as one of the factors underlying the difference in their toxicokinetics and toxicities. 26393577 7 84 theme Mn₃O₄-NPs 1706:1714 arg1 factors 1778:1784 the factors 1774:1784 the factors underlying the difference in their toxicokinetics and toxicities 1774:1849 The comparative solubility of the Mn₃O₄-NPs and NiO-NPs in a biological medium is discussed as one of the factors underlying the difference in their toxicokinetics and toxicities. 26393577 0 85 dep Oxide 35:39 arg1 II 31:32 II 31:32 II 31:32 Attenuation of Combined Nickel(II) Oxide and Manganese(II, III) Oxide Nanoparticles' Adverse Effects with a Complex of Bioprotectors. 26393577 8 86 theme Mn₃O₄-NPs 1932:1940 arg1 toxicity 1899:1906 the organ-systemic toxicity 1880:1906 the organ-systemic toxicity 1880:1906 The BPC has attenuated both the organ-systemic toxicity and the genotoxicity of Mn₃O₄-NPs in combination with NiO-NPs. 26393577 8 86 theme Mn₃O₄-NPs 1932:1940 arg1 genotoxicity 1916:1927 the genotoxicity 1912:1927 the genotoxicity of Mn₃O₄-NPs 1912:1940 The BPC has attenuated both the organ-systemic toxicity and the genotoxicity of Mn₃O₄-NPs in combination with NiO-NPs. 26393577 0 87 theme Oxide 35:39 arg1 Attenuation 0:10 Attenuation 0:10 Attenuation of Combined Nickel(II) Oxide and Manganese(II, III) Oxide 0:68 Attenuation of Combined Nickel(II) Oxide and Manganese(II, III) Oxide Nanoparticles' Adverse Effects with a Complex of Bioprotectors. 26393577 1 88 dep times 439:443 arg1 week 447:450 a week 445:450 a week up to 18 injections 445:470 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 8 89 with combination 1945:1955 arg1 NiO-NPs 1962:1968 NiO-NPs 1962:1968 NiO-NPs 1962:1968 The BPC has attenuated both the organ-systemic toxicity and the genotoxicity of Mn₃O₄-NPs in combination with NiO-NPs. 26393577 1 90 theme nm 244:245 arg1 diameter 210:217 a mean (±s.d.) diameter 195:217 a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively 195:259 Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7±8.2 and 18.4±5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. 26393577 7 91 theme comparative 1676:1686 arg1 one 1767:1769 one 1767:1769 one 1767:1769 The comparative solubility of the Mn₃O₄-NPs and NiO-NPs in a biological medium is discussed as one of the factors underlying the difference in their toxicokinetics and toxicities. 26393577 7 91 theme comparative 1676:1686 arg1 solubility 1688:1697 The comparative solubility 1672:1697 The comparative solubility of the Mn₃O₄-NPs and NiO-NPs in a biological medium 1672:1749 The comparative solubility of the Mn₃O₄-NPs and NiO-NPs in a biological medium is discussed as one of the factors underlying the difference in their toxicokinetics and toxicities. 26393577 7 91 theme comparative 1676:1686 arg1 factors 1778:1784 the factors 1774:1784 the factors underlying the difference in their toxicokinetics and toxicities 1774:1849 The comparative solubility of the Mn₃O₄-NPs and NiO-NPs in a biological medium is discussed as one of the factors underlying the difference in their toxicokinetics and toxicities. 26393577 6 92 theme Parkinsonism 1658:1669 arg1 correlate 1623:1631 an experimental correlate 1607:1631 an experimental correlate of the manganese-induced Parkinsonism 1607:1669 Although both metallic NPs proved adversely bio-active in many respects considered in this study, Mn₃O₄-NPs were somewhat more noxious than NiO-NPs as concerns most of the non-specific toxicity manifestations and they induced more marked damage to neurons in the striatum and the hippocampus, which may be considered an experimental correlate of the manganese-induced Parkinsonism. 28819273 0 0 theme chloride 92:99 arg1 EPS 145:147 polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS 79:147 polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS 79:147 Enhanced anaerobically digested swine wastewater treatment by the composite of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS. 28819273 5 1 theme COD 708:710 arg1 efficiencies 692:703 removal efficiencies 684:703 removal efficiencies of COD, ammonia, and TP 684:727 The EPS showed good performances in ADSW treatment, after conditioned by this EPS, removal efficiencies of COD, ammonia, and TP reached 70.2%, 76.5% and 82.8%, respectively, which were higher than that obtained when chemicals were selected as conditioning agents. 28819273 3 2 theme 1 L 464:466 arg1 ADSW 468:471 1 L ADSW 464:471 1 L ADSW 464:471 Results showed that the optimal fermentation medium for EPS production was determined as 4 g K2HPO4, 2 g KH2PO4, and 2 g sucrose dissolved in 1 L ADSW. 28819273 1 3 theme swine 242:246 arg1 wastewater 248:257 anaerobically digested swine wastewater 219:257 anaerobically digested swine wastewater (ADSW) 219:264 A strain was isolated from biological sludge to produce EPS by using anaerobically digested swine wastewater (ADSW). 28819273 1 3 theme swine 242:246 arg1 ADSW 260:263 ADSW 260:263 ADSW 260:263 A strain was isolated from biological sludge to produce EPS by using anaerobically digested swine wastewater (ADSW). 28819273 0 4 theme polyaluminum 79:90 arg1 PAC 102:104 PAC 102:104 PAC 102:104 Enhanced anaerobically digested swine wastewater treatment by the composite of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS. 28819273 0 4 theme polyaluminum 79:90 arg1 chloride 92:99 polyaluminum chloride 79:99 polyaluminum chloride (PAC) 79:105 Enhanced anaerobically digested swine wastewater treatment by the composite of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS. 28819273 6 5 theme 12 g/L 1122:1127 arg1 16 mg/L 1106:1112 16 mg/L 1106:1112 16 mg/L 1106:1112 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 5 theme 12 g/L 1122:1127 arg1 agitation 1145:1153 agitation 1145:1153 agitation 1145:1153 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 5 theme 12 g/L 1122:1127 arg1 pH 1130:1131 pH 1130:1131 pH of 7.5 1130:1138 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 5 theme 12 g/L 1122:1127 arg1 PAC 1115:1117 PAC 1115:1117 PAC of 12 g/L 1115:1127 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 0 6 dep Bacillus 111:118 arg1 megatherium 120:130 megatherium 120:130 megatherium 120:130 Enhanced anaerobically digested swine wastewater treatment by the composite of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS. 28819273 5 7 theme good 616:619 arg1 performances 621:632 good performances 616:632 good performances 616:632 The EPS showed good performances in ADSW treatment, after conditioned by this EPS, removal efficiencies of COD, ammonia, and TP reached 70.2%, 76.5% and 82.8%, respectively, which were higher than that obtained when chemicals were selected as conditioning agents. 28819273 6 8 theme PAC 1115:1117 arg1 agitation 1145:1153 agitation 1145:1153 agitation 1145:1153 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 8 theme PAC 1115:1117 arg1 EPS 1099:1101 EPS 1099:1101 EPS 1099:1101 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 8 theme PAC 1115:1117 arg1 16 mg/L 1106:1112 16 mg/L 1106:1112 16 mg/L 1106:1112 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 8 theme PAC 1115:1117 arg1 pH 1130:1131 pH 1130:1131 pH of 7.5 1130:1138 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 8 theme PAC 1115:1117 arg1 composite 1086:1094 the composite 1082:1094 the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min 1082:1172 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 8 theme PAC 1115:1117 arg1 PAC 1115:1117 PAC 1115:1117 PAC of 12 g/L 1115:1127 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 0 9 link derived 137:143 arg1 EPS 145:147 polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS 79:147 polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS 79:147 Enhanced anaerobically digested swine wastewater treatment by the composite of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS. 28819273 4 10 theme polysaccharides 536:550 arg1 backbone 524:531 main backbone 519:531 main backbone of polysaccharides 519:550 After fermentation for 60 h, 2.98 g EPS with main backbone of polysaccharides can be extracted from 1 L of fermentation broth. 28819273 4 11 with EPS 510:512 arg1 backbone 524:531 main backbone 519:531 main backbone of polysaccharides 519:550 After fermentation for 60 h, 2.98 g EPS with main backbone of polysaccharides can be extracted from 1 L of fermentation broth. 28819273 5 12 theme removal 684:690 arg1 efficiencies 692:703 removal efficiencies 684:703 removal efficiencies of COD, ammonia, and TP 684:727 The EPS showed good performances in ADSW treatment, after conditioned by this EPS, removal efficiencies of COD, ammonia, and TP reached 70.2%, 76.5% and 82.8%, respectively, which were higher than that obtained when chemicals were selected as conditioning agents. 28819273 6 13 theme 16 mg/L 1106:1112 arg1 agitation 1145:1153 agitation 1145:1153 agitation 1145:1153 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 13 theme 16 mg/L 1106:1112 arg1 EPS 1099:1101 EPS 1099:1101 EPS 1099:1101 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 13 theme 16 mg/L 1106:1112 arg1 16 mg/L 1106:1112 16 mg/L 1106:1112 16 mg/L 1106:1112 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 13 theme 16 mg/L 1106:1112 arg1 pH 1130:1131 pH 1130:1131 pH of 7.5 1130:1138 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 13 theme 16 mg/L 1106:1112 arg1 composite 1086:1094 the composite 1082:1094 the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min 1082:1172 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 13 theme 16 mg/L 1106:1112 arg1 PAC 1115:1117 PAC 1115:1117 PAC of 12 g/L 1115:1127 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 14 used used 958:961 arg2 chloride 938:945 polyaluminum chloride 925:945 polyaluminum chloride (PAC) 925:951 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 14 used used 958:961 arg2 EPS 917:919 the EPS 913:919 the EPS 913:919 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 14 used used 958:961 arg2 PAC 948:950 PAC 948:950 PAC 948:950 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 2 15 theme ADSW 291:294 arg1 treatment 296:304 ADSW treatment 291:304 ADSW treatment 291:304 Potential of the EPS in ADSW treatment were discussed. 28819273 6 16 theme 7.5 1136:1138 arg1 16 mg/L 1106:1112 16 mg/L 1106:1112 16 mg/L 1106:1112 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 16 theme 7.5 1136:1138 arg1 agitation 1145:1153 agitation 1145:1153 agitation 1145:1153 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 16 theme 7.5 1136:1138 arg1 pH 1130:1131 pH 1130:1131 pH of 7.5 1130:1138 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 16 theme 7.5 1136:1138 arg1 PAC 1115:1117 PAC 1115:1117 PAC of 12 g/L 1115:1127 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 17 theme agitation 1145:1153 arg1 agitation 1145:1153 agitation 1145:1153 agitation 1145:1153 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 17 theme agitation 1145:1153 arg1 EPS 1099:1101 EPS 1099:1101 EPS 1099:1101 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 17 theme agitation 1145:1153 arg1 16 mg/L 1106:1112 16 mg/L 1106:1112 16 mg/L 1106:1112 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 17 theme agitation 1145:1153 arg1 pH 1130:1131 pH 1130:1131 pH of 7.5 1130:1138 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 17 theme agitation 1145:1153 arg1 composite 1086:1094 the composite 1082:1094 the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min 1082:1172 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 17 theme agitation 1145:1153 arg1 PAC 1115:1117 PAC 1115:1117 PAC of 12 g/L 1115:1127 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 18 theme EPS 1099:1101 arg1 agitation 1145:1153 agitation 1145:1153 agitation 1145:1153 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 18 theme EPS 1099:1101 arg1 EPS 1099:1101 EPS 1099:1101 EPS 1099:1101 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 18 theme EPS 1099:1101 arg1 16 mg/L 1106:1112 16 mg/L 1106:1112 16 mg/L 1106:1112 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 18 theme EPS 1099:1101 arg1 pH 1130:1131 pH 1130:1131 pH of 7.5 1130:1138 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 18 theme EPS 1099:1101 arg1 composite 1086:1094 the composite 1082:1094 the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min 1082:1172 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 18 theme EPS 1099:1101 arg1 PAC 1115:1117 PAC 1115:1117 PAC of 12 g/L 1115:1127 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 3 19 theme 4 g 411:413 arg1 K2HPO4 415:420 4 g K2HPO4 411:420 4 g K2HPO4 411:420 Results showed that the optimal fermentation medium for EPS production was determined as 4 g K2HPO4, 2 g KH2PO4, and 2 g sucrose dissolved in 1 L ADSW. 28819273 3 19 theme 4 g 411:413 arg1 medium 367:372 the optimal fermentation medium 342:372 the optimal fermentation medium for EPS production 342:391 Results showed that the optimal fermentation medium for EPS production was determined as 4 g K2HPO4, 2 g KH2PO4, and 2 g sucrose dissolved in 1 L ADSW. 28819273 0 20 theme swine 32:36 arg1 treatment 49:57 anaerobically digested swine wastewater treatment 9:57 anaerobically digested swine wastewater treatment 9:57 Enhanced anaerobically digested swine wastewater treatment by the composite of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS. 28819273 4 21 theme 2.98 g 503:508 arg1 EPS 510:512 2.98 g EPS 503:512 2.98 g EPS with main backbone of polysaccharides 503:550 After fermentation for 60 h, 2.98 g EPS with main backbone of polysaccharides can be extracted from 1 L of fermentation broth. 28819273 2 22 theme EPS 284:286 arg1 Potential 267:275 Potential 267:275 Potential of the EPS in ADSW treatment 267:304 Potential of the EPS in ADSW treatment were discussed. 28819273 4 23 theme fermentation 581:592 arg1 1 L 574:576 1 L 574:576 1 L of fermentation broth 574:598 After fermentation for 60 h, 2.98 g EPS with main backbone of polysaccharides can be extracted from 1 L of fermentation broth. 28819273 3 24 theme fermentation 354:365 arg1 medium 367:372 the optimal fermentation medium 342:372 the optimal fermentation medium for EPS production 342:391 Results showed that the optimal fermentation medium for EPS production was determined as 4 g K2HPO4, 2 g KH2PO4, and 2 g sucrose dissolved in 1 L ADSW. 28819273 3 24 theme fermentation 354:365 arg1 KH2PO4 427:432 2 g KH2PO4 423:432 2 g KH2PO4 423:432 Results showed that the optimal fermentation medium for EPS production was determined as 4 g K2HPO4, 2 g KH2PO4, and 2 g sucrose dissolved in 1 L ADSW. 28819273 3 24 theme fermentation 354:365 arg1 K2HPO4 415:420 4 g K2HPO4 411:420 4 g K2HPO4 411:420 Results showed that the optimal fermentation medium for EPS production was determined as 4 g K2HPO4, 2 g KH2PO4, and 2 g sucrose dissolved in 1 L ADSW. 28819273 3 24 theme fermentation 354:365 arg1 sucrose 443:449 2 g sucrose 439:449 2 g sucrose 439:449 Results showed that the optimal fermentation medium for EPS production was determined as 4 g K2HPO4, 2 g KH2PO4, and 2 g sucrose dissolved in 1 L ADSW. 28819273 4 25 theme main 519:522 arg1 backbone 524:531 main backbone 519:531 main backbone of polysaccharides 519:550 After fermentation for 60 h, 2.98 g EPS with main backbone of polysaccharides can be extracted from 1 L of fermentation broth. 28819273 0 26 theme Bacillus 111:118 arg1 G106 132:135 Bacillus megatherium G106 111:135 Bacillus megatherium G106 111:135 Enhanced anaerobically digested swine wastewater treatment by the composite of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS. 28819273 1 27 attach isolated 163:170 arg2 strain 152:157 A strain 150:157 A strain 150:157 A strain was isolated from biological sludge to produce EPS by using anaerobically digested swine wastewater (ADSW). 28819273 1 27 attach isolated 163:170 arg1 sludge 188:193 biological sludge 177:193 biological sludge 177:193 A strain was isolated from biological sludge to produce EPS by using anaerobically digested swine wastewater (ADSW). 28819273 5 28 theme conditioning 844:855 arg1 agents 857:862 conditioning agents 844:862 conditioning agents 844:862 The EPS showed good performances in ADSW treatment, after conditioned by this EPS, removal efficiencies of COD, ammonia, and TP reached 70.2%, 76.5% and 82.8%, respectively, which were higher than that obtained when chemicals were selected as conditioning agents. 28819273 5 28 theme conditioning 844:855 arg1 chemicals 817:825 chemicals 817:825 chemicals 817:825 The EPS showed good performances in ADSW treatment, after conditioned by this EPS, removal efficiencies of COD, ammonia, and TP reached 70.2%, 76.5% and 82.8%, respectively, which were higher than that obtained when chemicals were selected as conditioning agents. 28819273 5 29 theme ammonia 713:719 arg1 efficiencies 692:703 removal efficiencies 684:703 removal efficiencies of COD, ammonia, and TP 684:727 The EPS showed good performances in ADSW treatment, after conditioned by this EPS, removal efficiencies of COD, ammonia, and TP reached 70.2%, 76.5% and 82.8%, respectively, which were higher than that obtained when chemicals were selected as conditioning agents. 28819273 0 30 theme derived 137:143 arg1 EPS 145:147 polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS 79:147 polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS 79:147 Enhanced anaerobically digested swine wastewater treatment by the composite of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS. 28819273 1 31 theme biological 177:186 arg1 sludge 188:193 biological sludge 177:193 biological sludge 177:193 A strain was isolated from biological sludge to produce EPS by using anaerobically digested swine wastewater (ADSW). 28819273 3 32 theme 2 g 423:425 arg1 medium 367:372 the optimal fermentation medium 342:372 the optimal fermentation medium for EPS production 342:391 Results showed that the optimal fermentation medium for EPS production was determined as 4 g K2HPO4, 2 g KH2PO4, and 2 g sucrose dissolved in 1 L ADSW. 28819273 3 32 theme 2 g 423:425 arg1 KH2PO4 427:432 2 g KH2PO4 423:432 2 g KH2PO4 423:432 Results showed that the optimal fermentation medium for EPS production was determined as 4 g K2HPO4, 2 g KH2PO4, and 2 g sucrose dissolved in 1 L ADSW. 28819273 0 33 theme wastewater 38:47 arg1 treatment 49:57 anaerobically digested swine wastewater treatment 9:57 anaerobically digested swine wastewater treatment 9:57 Enhanced anaerobically digested swine wastewater treatment by the composite of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS. 28819273 0 34 theme G106 132:135 arg1 EPS 145:147 polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS 79:147 polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS 79:147 Enhanced anaerobically digested swine wastewater treatment by the composite of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS. 28819273 3 35 theme optimal 346:352 arg1 medium 367:372 the optimal fermentation medium 342:372 the optimal fermentation medium for EPS production 342:391 Results showed that the optimal fermentation medium for EPS production was determined as 4 g K2HPO4, 2 g KH2PO4, and 2 g sucrose dissolved in 1 L ADSW. 28819273 3 35 theme optimal 346:352 arg1 KH2PO4 427:432 2 g KH2PO4 423:432 2 g KH2PO4 423:432 Results showed that the optimal fermentation medium for EPS production was determined as 4 g K2HPO4, 2 g KH2PO4, and 2 g sucrose dissolved in 1 L ADSW. 28819273 3 35 theme optimal 346:352 arg1 K2HPO4 415:420 4 g K2HPO4 411:420 4 g K2HPO4 411:420 Results showed that the optimal fermentation medium for EPS production was determined as 4 g K2HPO4, 2 g KH2PO4, and 2 g sucrose dissolved in 1 L ADSW. 28819273 3 35 theme optimal 346:352 arg1 sucrose 443:449 2 g sucrose 439:449 2 g sucrose 439:449 Results showed that the optimal fermentation medium for EPS production was determined as 4 g K2HPO4, 2 g KH2PO4, and 2 g sucrose dissolved in 1 L ADSW. 28819273 3 36 theme EPS 378:380 arg1 production 382:391 EPS production 378:391 EPS production 378:391 Results showed that the optimal fermentation medium for EPS production was determined as 4 g K2HPO4, 2 g KH2PO4, and 2 g sucrose dissolved in 1 L ADSW. 28819273 6 37 theme Removal 865:871 arg1 efficiencies 873:884 Removal efficiencies 865:884 Removal efficiencies 865:884 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 5 38 theme TP 726:727 arg1 efficiencies 692:703 removal efficiencies 684:703 removal efficiencies of COD, ammonia, and TP 684:727 The EPS showed good performances in ADSW treatment, after conditioned by this EPS, removal efficiencies of COD, ammonia, and TP reached 70.2%, 76.5% and 82.8%, respectively, which were higher than that obtained when chemicals were selected as conditioning agents. 28819273 0 39 theme EPS 145:147 arg1 composite 66:74 the composite 62:74 the composite of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS 62:147 Enhanced anaerobically digested swine wastewater treatment by the composite of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS. 28819273 0 39 theme EPS 145:147 arg1 EPS 145:147 polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS 79:147 polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS 79:147 Enhanced anaerobically digested swine wastewater treatment by the composite of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS. 28819273 5 40 theme ADSW 637:640 arg1 treatment 642:650 ADSW treatment 637:650 ADSW treatment 637:650 The EPS showed good performances in ADSW treatment, after conditioned by this EPS, removal efficiencies of COD, ammonia, and TP reached 70.2%, 76.5% and 82.8%, respectively, which were higher than that obtained when chemicals were selected as conditioning agents. 28819273 3 41 theme 2 g 439:441 arg1 medium 367:372 the optimal fermentation medium 342:372 the optimal fermentation medium for EPS production 342:391 Results showed that the optimal fermentation medium for EPS production was determined as 4 g K2HPO4, 2 g KH2PO4, and 2 g sucrose dissolved in 1 L ADSW. 28819273 3 41 theme 2 g 439:441 arg1 sucrose 443:449 2 g sucrose 439:449 2 g sucrose 439:449 Results showed that the optimal fermentation medium for EPS production was determined as 4 g K2HPO4, 2 g KH2PO4, and 2 g sucrose dissolved in 1 L ADSW. 28819273 6 42 theme polyaluminum 925:936 arg1 PAC 948:950 PAC 948:950 PAC 948:950 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 42 theme polyaluminum 925:936 arg1 chloride 938:945 polyaluminum chloride 925:945 polyaluminum chloride (PAC) 925:951 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 43 theme pH 1130:1131 arg1 agitation 1145:1153 agitation 1145:1153 agitation 1145:1153 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 43 theme pH 1130:1131 arg1 EPS 1099:1101 EPS 1099:1101 EPS 1099:1101 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 43 theme pH 1130:1131 arg1 16 mg/L 1106:1112 16 mg/L 1106:1112 16 mg/L 1106:1112 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 43 theme pH 1130:1131 arg1 pH 1130:1131 pH 1130:1131 pH of 7.5 1130:1138 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 43 theme pH 1130:1131 arg1 composite 1086:1094 the composite 1082:1094 the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min 1082:1172 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 43 theme pH 1130:1131 arg1 PAC 1115:1117 PAC 1115:1117 PAC of 12 g/L 1115:1127 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 44 theme conditioning 1058:1069 arg1 process 1071:1077 the optimized conditioning process 1044:1077 the optimized conditioning process 1044:1077 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 6 45 theme optimized 1048:1056 arg1 process 1071:1077 the optimized conditioning process 1044:1077 the optimized conditioning process 1044:1077 Removal efficiencies were further improved when the EPS and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used simultaneously, and finally reached 91.6%, 90.8%, and 92.5%, respectively, under the optimized conditioning process by the composite of EPS of 16 mg/L, PAC of 12 g/L, pH of 7.5, and agitation speed of 200 r/min. 28819273 2 46 from Potential 267:275 arg1 treatment 296:304 ADSW treatment 291:304 ADSW treatment 291:304 Potential of the EPS in ADSW treatment were discussed. 28819273 0 47 theme digested 23:30 arg1 treatment 49:57 anaerobically digested swine wastewater treatment 9:57 anaerobically digested swine wastewater treatment 9:57 Enhanced anaerobically digested swine wastewater treatment by the composite of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and Bacillus megatherium G106 derived EPS. 28819273 1 48 theme digested 233:240 arg1 wastewater 248:257 anaerobically digested swine wastewater 219:257 anaerobically digested swine wastewater (ADSW) 219:264 A strain was isolated from biological sludge to produce EPS by using anaerobically digested swine wastewater (ADSW). 28819273 1 48 theme digested 233:240 arg1 ADSW 260:263 ADSW 260:263 ADSW 260:263 A strain was isolated from biological sludge to produce EPS by using anaerobically digested swine wastewater (ADSW). 26147207 3 0 theme Current 327:333 arg1 models 335:340 Current models 327:340 Current models of GI mucositis pathophysiology 327:372 Current models of GI mucositis pathophysiology are generally silent on the role of the intestinal microbiome. 26147207 5 1 dep METHODS 709:715 arg1 amplified 720:728 amplified 720:728 amplified 720:728 METHODS We amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics. 26147207 5 1 dep METHODS 709:715 arg1 sequenced 734:742 sequenced 734:742 sequenced 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics 734:960 METHODS We amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics. 26147207 7 2 contain had 1288:1290 arg2 capacity 1300:1307 reduced capacity 1292:1307 reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001) 1292:1346 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 7 2 contain had 1288:1290 arg2 metabolism 1356:1365 energy metabolism 1349:1365 energy metabolism (P = 0.001) 1349:1377 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 7 2 contain had 1288:1290 arg2 metabolism 1380:1389 metabolism 1380:1389 metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006) 1380:1427 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 7 2 contain had 1288:1290 arg1 patients 1279:1286 patients 1279:1286 patients 1279:1286 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 7 2 contain had 1288:1290 arg2 capacity 1444:1451 increased capacity 1434:1451 increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002) 1434:1563 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 7 2 contain had 1288:1290 arg2 P = 0.001 1368:1376 P = 0.001 1368:1376 P = 0.001 1368:1376 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 1 3 theme cell 185:188 arg1 transplantation 190:204 haematopoietic stem cell transplantation 165:204 haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) 165:211 BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is commonly used as myeloablative conditioning treatment to prepare patients for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). 26147207 4 4 theme high-throughput 581:595 arg1 analysis 612:619 high-throughput DNA-sequencing analysis 581:619 high-throughput DNA-sequencing analysis 581:619 AIM To identify functional mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiome may play a key role in the pathophysiology of GI mucositis, we applied high-throughput DNA-sequencing analysis to identify microbes and microbial functions that are modulated following chemotherapy. 26147207 7 5 theme reduced 1292:1298 arg1 capacity 1300:1307 reduced capacity 1292:1307 reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001) 1292:1346 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 6 6 from decreases 1051:1059 arg1 abundances 1162:1171 abundances 1162:1171 abundances of Proteobacteria (P = 0.0002) 1162:1202 RESULTS We found that faecal samples collected after chemotherapy exhibited significant decreases in abundances of Firmicutes (P = 0.0002) and Actinobacteria (P = 0.002) and significant increases in abundances of Proteobacteria (P = 0.0002) compared to samples collected before chemotherapy. 26147207 6 6 from decreases 1051:1059 arg1 abundances 1064:1073 abundances 1064:1073 abundances of Firmicutes (P = 0.0002) and Actinobacteria (P = 0.002) 1064:1131 RESULTS We found that faecal samples collected after chemotherapy exhibited significant decreases in abundances of Firmicutes (P = 0.0002) and Actinobacteria (P = 0.002) and significant increases in abundances of Proteobacteria (P = 0.0002) compared to samples collected before chemotherapy. 26147207 4 7 theme key 521:523 arg1 role 525:528 a key role 519:528 a key role 519:528 AIM To identify functional mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiome may play a key role in the pathophysiology of GI mucositis, we applied high-throughput DNA-sequencing analysis to identify microbes and microbial functions that are modulated following chemotherapy. 26147207 8 8 dep CONCLUSIONS 1566:1576 arg1 identifies 1588:1597 identifies 1588:1597 identifies a severe compositional and functional imbalance in the gut microbial community associated with chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis 1588:1726 CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies a severe compositional and functional imbalance in the gut microbial community associated with chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis. 26147207 8 9 theme functional 1626:1635 arg1 imbalance 1637:1645 a severe compositional and functional imbalance 1599:1645 a severe compositional and functional imbalance in the gut microbial community associated with chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis 1599:1726 CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies a severe compositional and functional imbalance in the gut microbial community associated with chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis. 26147207 5 10 theme faecal 764:769 arg1 samples 771:777 faecal samples 764:777 faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen 764:907 METHODS We amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics. 26147207 4 11 theme intestinal 488:497 arg1 microbiome 499:508 the intestinal microbiome 484:508 the intestinal microbiome 484:508 AIM To identify functional mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiome may play a key role in the pathophysiology of GI mucositis, we applied high-throughput DNA-sequencing analysis to identify microbes and microbial functions that are modulated following chemotherapy. 26147207 6 12 theme significant 1039:1049 arg1 decreases 1051:1059 significant decreases 1039:1059 significant decreases in abundances of Firmicutes (P = 0.0002) and Actinobacteria (P = 0.002) 1039:1131 RESULTS We found that faecal samples collected after chemotherapy exhibited significant decreases in abundances of Firmicutes (P = 0.0002) and Actinobacteria (P = 0.002) and significant increases in abundances of Proteobacteria (P = 0.0002) compared to samples collected before chemotherapy. 26147207 8 13 theme GI 1715:1716 arg1 mucositis 1718:1726 chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis 1694:1726 chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis 1694:1726 CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies a severe compositional and functional imbalance in the gut microbial community associated with chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis. 26147207 7 14 theme nucleotide 1313:1322 arg1 P = 0.0001 1336:1345 P = 0.0001 1336:1345 P = 0.0001 1336:1345 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 7 14 theme nucleotide 1313:1322 arg1 metabolism 1324:1333 nucleotide metabolism 1313:1333 nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001) 1313:1346 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 4 15 theme DNA-sequencing 597:610 arg1 analysis 612:619 high-throughput DNA-sequencing analysis 581:619 high-throughput DNA-sequencing analysis 581:619 AIM To identify functional mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiome may play a key role in the pathophysiology of GI mucositis, we applied high-throughput DNA-sequencing analysis to identify microbes and microbial functions that are modulated following chemotherapy. 26147207 3 16 theme mucositis 348:356 arg1 pathophysiology 358:372 GI mucositis pathophysiology 345:372 GI mucositis pathophysiology 345:372 Current models of GI mucositis pathophysiology are generally silent on the role of the intestinal microbiome. 26147207 5 17 theme same 869:872 arg1 regimen 901:907 the same myeloablative conditioning regimen 865:907 the same myeloablative conditioning regimen 865:907 METHODS We amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics. 26147207 4 18 theme microbial 646:654 arg1 functions 656:664 microbial functions 646:664 microbial functions 646:664 AIM To identify functional mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiome may play a key role in the pathophysiology of GI mucositis, we applied high-throughput DNA-sequencing analysis to identify microbes and microbial functions that are modulated following chemotherapy. 26147207 7 19 theme vitamins 1408:1415 arg1 metabolism 1356:1365 energy metabolism 1349:1365 energy metabolism (P = 0.001) 1349:1377 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 7 19 theme vitamins 1408:1415 arg1 capacity 1300:1307 reduced capacity 1292:1307 reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001) 1292:1346 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 7 19 theme vitamins 1408:1415 arg1 P = 0.001 1368:1376 P = 0.001 1368:1376 P = 0.001 1368:1376 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 7 19 theme vitamins 1408:1415 arg1 metabolism 1380:1389 metabolism 1380:1389 metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006) 1380:1427 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 7 19 theme vitamins 1408:1415 arg1 capacity 1444:1451 increased capacity 1434:1451 increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002) 1434:1563 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 6 20 theme significant 1137:1147 arg1 increases 1149:1157 significant increases 1137:1157 significant increases in abundances of Proteobacteria (P = 0.0002) 1137:1202 RESULTS We found that faecal samples collected after chemotherapy exhibited significant decreases in abundances of Firmicutes (P = 0.0002) and Actinobacteria (P = 0.002) and significant increases in abundances of Proteobacteria (P = 0.0002) compared to samples collected before chemotherapy. 26147207 3 21 theme pathophysiology 358:372 arg1 models 335:340 Current models 327:340 Current models of GI mucositis pathophysiology 327:372 Current models of GI mucositis pathophysiology are generally silent on the role of the intestinal microbiome. 26147207 7 22 theme signal 1489:1494 arg1 P = 0.0002 1510:1519 P = 0.0002 1510:1519 P = 0.0002 1510:1519 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 7 22 theme signal 1489:1494 arg1 transduction 1496:1507 signal transduction 1489:1507 signal transduction (P = 0.0002) 1489:1520 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 8 23 theme chemotherapy-induced 1694:1713 arg1 mucositis 1718:1726 chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis 1694:1726 chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis 1694:1726 CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies a severe compositional and functional imbalance in the gut microbial community associated with chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis. 26147207 2 24 dep gastrointestinal 263:278 arg1 GI 281:282 GI 281:282 GI 281:282 Chemotherapy leads to several side effects, with gastrointestinal (GI) mucositis being one of the most frequent. 26147207 9 25 theme cancer 1880:1885 arg1 patients 1887:1894 cancer patients 1880:1894 cancer patients 1880:1894 The functional pathways implicated in our analysis suggest potential directions for the development of intestinal microbiome-targeted interventions in cancer patients. 26147207 8 26 from imbalance 1637:1645 arg1 community 1668:1676 the gut microbial community 1650:1676 the gut microbial community associated with chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis 1650:1726 CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies a severe compositional and functional imbalance in the gut microbial community associated with chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis. 26147207 8 27 theme severe 1601:1606 arg1 imbalance 1637:1645 a severe compositional and functional imbalance 1599:1645 a severe compositional and functional imbalance in the gut microbial community associated with chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis 1599:1726 CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies a severe compositional and functional imbalance in the gut microbial community associated with chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis. 26147207 9 28 theme functional 1733:1742 arg1 pathways 1744:1751 The functional pathways 1729:1751 The functional pathways implicated in our analysis 1729:1778 The functional pathways implicated in our analysis suggest potential directions for the development of intestinal microbiome-targeted interventions in cancer patients. 26147207 0 29 theme Chemotherapy-driven 0:18 arg1 dysbiosis 20:28 Chemotherapy-driven dysbiosis 0:28 Chemotherapy-driven dysbiosis 0:28 Chemotherapy-driven dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiome. 26147207 4 30 theme mucositis 559:567 arg1 pathophysiology 537:551 the pathophysiology 533:551 the pathophysiology of GI mucositis 533:567 AIM To identify functional mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiome may play a key role in the pathophysiology of GI mucositis, we applied high-throughput DNA-sequencing analysis to identify microbes and microbial functions that are modulated following chemotherapy. 26147207 1 31 theme myeloablative 104:116 arg1 Chemotherapy 71:82 BACKGROUND Chemotherapy 60:82 BACKGROUND Chemotherapy 60:82 BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is commonly used as myeloablative conditioning treatment to prepare patients for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). 26147207 1 31 theme myeloablative 104:116 arg1 treatment 131:139 myeloablative conditioning treatment 104:139 myeloablative conditioning treatment 104:139 BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is commonly used as myeloablative conditioning treatment to prepare patients for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). 26147207 5 32 theme other 916:920 arg1 therapy 934:940 no other concomitant therapy 913:940 no other concomitant therapy 913:940 METHODS We amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics. 26147207 4 33 theme GI 556:557 arg1 mucositis 559:567 GI mucositis 556:567 GI mucositis 556:567 AIM To identify functional mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiome may play a key role in the pathophysiology of GI mucositis, we applied high-throughput DNA-sequencing analysis to identify microbes and microbial functions that are modulated following chemotherapy. 26147207 5 34 from therapy 934:940 arg1 antibiotics 950:960 antibiotics 950:960 antibiotics 950:960 METHODS We amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics. 26147207 5 34 from therapy 934:940 arg1 genes 753:757 16S rRNA genes 744:757 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics 744:960 METHODS We amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics. 26147207 1 35 theme conditioning 118:129 arg1 Chemotherapy 71:82 BACKGROUND Chemotherapy 60:82 BACKGROUND Chemotherapy 60:82 BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is commonly used as myeloablative conditioning treatment to prepare patients for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). 26147207 1 35 theme conditioning 118:129 arg1 treatment 131:139 myeloablative conditioning treatment 104:139 myeloablative conditioning treatment 104:139 BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is commonly used as myeloablative conditioning treatment to prepare patients for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). 26147207 2 36 theme frequent 317:324 arg1 one 301:303 one 301:303 one 301:303 Chemotherapy leads to several side effects, with gastrointestinal (GI) mucositis being one of the most frequent. 26147207 2 36 theme frequent 317:324 arg1 frequent 317:324 frequent 317:324 frequent 317:324 Chemotherapy leads to several side effects, with gastrointestinal (GI) mucositis being one of the most frequent. 26147207 5 37 theme 16S 744:746 arg1 antibiotics 950:960 antibiotics 950:960 antibiotics 950:960 METHODS We amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics. 26147207 5 37 theme 16S 744:746 arg1 genes 753:757 16S rRNA genes 744:757 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics 744:960 METHODS We amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics. 26147207 5 38 from samples 771:777 arg1 antibiotics 950:960 antibiotics 950:960 antibiotics 950:960 METHODS We amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics. 26147207 5 38 from samples 771:777 arg1 genes 753:757 16S rRNA genes 744:757 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics 744:960 METHODS We amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics. 26147207 7 39 theme glycan 1457:1462 arg1 metabolism 1464:1473 glycan metabolism 1457:1473 glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002) 1457:1486 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 7 39 theme glycan 1457:1462 arg1 P = 1476:1478 P = 1476:1478 P = 1476:1478 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 1 40 used used 96:99 arg2 treatment 131:139 myeloablative conditioning treatment 104:139 myeloablative conditioning treatment 104:139 BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is commonly used as myeloablative conditioning treatment to prepare patients for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). 26147207 1 40 used used 96:99 arg2 Chemotherapy 71:82 BACKGROUND Chemotherapy 60:82 BACKGROUND Chemotherapy 60:82 BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is commonly used as myeloablative conditioning treatment to prepare patients for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). 26147207 3 41 theme intestinal 414:423 arg1 microbiome 425:434 the intestinal microbiome 410:434 the intestinal microbiome 410:434 Current models of GI mucositis pathophysiology are generally silent on the role of the intestinal microbiome. 26147207 8 42 theme compositional 1608:1620 arg1 imbalance 1637:1645 a severe compositional and functional imbalance 1599:1645 a severe compositional and functional imbalance in the gut microbial community associated with chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis 1599:1726 CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies a severe compositional and functional imbalance in the gut microbial community associated with chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis. 26147207 5 43 theme rRNA 748:751 arg1 antibiotics 950:960 antibiotics 950:960 antibiotics 950:960 METHODS We amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics. 26147207 5 43 theme rRNA 748:751 arg1 genes 753:757 16S rRNA genes 744:757 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics 744:960 METHODS We amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics. 26147207 4 44 theme functional 453:462 arg1 mechanisms 464:473 functional mechanisms 453:473 functional mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiome may play a key role in the pathophysiology of GI mucositis 453:567 AIM To identify functional mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiome may play a key role in the pathophysiology of GI mucositis, we applied high-throughput DNA-sequencing analysis to identify microbes and microbial functions that are modulated following chemotherapy. 26147207 7 45 theme increased 1434:1442 arg1 capacity 1444:1451 increased capacity 1434:1451 increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002) 1434:1563 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 6 46 theme P = 0.002 1122:1130 arg1 abundances 1064:1073 abundances 1064:1073 abundances of Firmicutes (P = 0.0002) and Actinobacteria (P = 0.002) 1064:1131 RESULTS We found that faecal samples collected after chemotherapy exhibited significant decreases in abundances of Firmicutes (P = 0.0002) and Actinobacteria (P = 0.002) and significant increases in abundances of Proteobacteria (P = 0.0002) compared to samples collected before chemotherapy. 26147207 5 47 theme myeloablative 874:886 arg1 regimen 901:907 the same myeloablative conditioning regimen 865:907 the same myeloablative conditioning regimen 865:907 METHODS We amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics. 26147207 0 48 theme intestinal 37:46 arg1 microbiome 48:57 the intestinal microbiome 33:57 the intestinal microbiome 33:57 Chemotherapy-driven dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiome. 26147207 3 49 theme microbiome 425:434 arg1 role 402:405 the role 398:405 the role of the intestinal microbiome 398:434 Current models of GI mucositis pathophysiology are generally silent on the role of the intestinal microbiome. 26147207 7 50 theme cofactors 1394:1402 arg1 metabolism 1356:1365 energy metabolism 1349:1365 energy metabolism (P = 0.001) 1349:1377 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 7 50 theme cofactors 1394:1402 arg1 capacity 1300:1307 reduced capacity 1292:1307 reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001) 1292:1346 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 7 50 theme cofactors 1394:1402 arg1 P = 0.001 1368:1376 P = 0.001 1368:1376 P = 0.001 1368:1376 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 7 50 theme cofactors 1394:1402 arg1 metabolism 1380:1389 metabolism 1380:1389 metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006) 1380:1427 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 7 50 theme cofactors 1394:1402 arg1 capacity 1444:1451 increased capacity 1434:1451 increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002) 1434:1563 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 5 51 theme conditioning 888:899 arg1 regimen 901:907 the same myeloablative conditioning regimen 865:907 the same myeloablative conditioning regimen 865:907 METHODS We amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics. 26147207 5 52 theme concomitant 922:932 arg1 therapy 934:940 no other concomitant therapy 913:940 no other concomitant therapy 913:940 METHODS We amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics. 26147207 9 53 theme interventions 1863:1875 arg1 development 1817:1827 the development 1813:1827 the development of intestinal microbiome-targeted interventions in cancer patients 1813:1894 The functional pathways implicated in our analysis suggest potential directions for the development of intestinal microbiome-targeted interventions in cancer patients. 26147207 7 54 theme energy 1349:1354 arg1 P = 0.001 1368:1376 P = 0.001 1368:1376 P = 0.001 1368:1376 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 7 54 theme energy 1349:1354 arg1 metabolism 1356:1365 energy metabolism 1349:1365 energy metabolism (P = 0.001) 1349:1377 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 5 55 theme non-Hodgkin 829:839 arg1 lymphoma 843:850 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 829:850 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 829:850 METHODS We amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics. 26147207 5 56 from chemotherapy 796:807 arg1 patients 815:822 28 patients 812:822 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen 812:907 METHODS We amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics. 26147207 2 57 theme several 236:242 arg1 effects 249:255 several side effects 236:255 several side effects 236:255 Chemotherapy leads to several side effects, with gastrointestinal (GI) mucositis being one of the most frequent. 26147207 2 58 theme side 244:247 arg1 effects 249:255 several side effects 236:255 several side effects 236:255 Chemotherapy leads to several side effects, with gastrointestinal (GI) mucositis being one of the most frequent. 26147207 8 59 theme microbial 1658:1666 arg1 community 1668:1676 the gut microbial community 1650:1676 the gut microbial community associated with chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis 1650:1726 CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies a severe compositional and functional imbalance in the gut microbial community associated with chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis. 26147207 1 60 theme BACKGROUND 60:69 arg1 Chemotherapy 71:82 BACKGROUND Chemotherapy 60:82 BACKGROUND Chemotherapy 60:82 BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is commonly used as myeloablative conditioning treatment to prepare patients for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). 26147207 1 60 theme BACKGROUND 60:69 arg1 treatment 131:139 myeloablative conditioning treatment 104:139 myeloablative conditioning treatment 104:139 BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is commonly used as myeloablative conditioning treatment to prepare patients for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). 26147207 6 61 dep RESULTS 963:969 arg1 found 974:978 found 974:978 found that faecal samples collected after chemotherapy exhibited significant decreases in abundances of Firmicutes (P = 0.0002) and Actinobacteria (P = 0.002) and significant increases in abundances of Proteobacteria (P = 0.0002) compared to samples collected before chemotherapy 974:1252 RESULTS We found that faecal samples collected after chemotherapy exhibited significant decreases in abundances of Firmicutes (P = 0.0002) and Actinobacteria (P = 0.002) and significant increases in abundances of Proteobacteria (P = 0.0002) compared to samples collected before chemotherapy. 26147207 1 62 dep transplantation 190:204 arg1 HSCT 207:210 HSCT 207:210 HSCT 207:210 BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is commonly used as myeloablative conditioning treatment to prepare patients for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). 26147207 6 63 theme P = 0.0002 1090:1099 arg1 abundances 1064:1073 abundances 1064:1073 abundances of Firmicutes (P = 0.0002) and Actinobacteria (P = 0.002) 1064:1131 RESULTS We found that faecal samples collected after chemotherapy exhibited significant decreases in abundances of Firmicutes (P = 0.0002) and Actinobacteria (P = 0.002) and significant increases in abundances of Proteobacteria (P = 0.0002) compared to samples collected before chemotherapy. 26147207 9 64 theme intestinal 1832:1841 arg1 interventions 1863:1875 intestinal microbiome-targeted interventions 1832:1875 intestinal microbiome-targeted interventions 1832:1875 The functional pathways implicated in our analysis suggest potential directions for the development of intestinal microbiome-targeted interventions in cancer patients. 26147207 6 65 theme Proteobacteria 1176:1189 arg1 abundances 1162:1171 abundances 1162:1171 abundances of Proteobacteria (P = 0.0002) 1162:1202 RESULTS We found that faecal samples collected after chemotherapy exhibited significant decreases in abundances of Firmicutes (P = 0.0002) and Actinobacteria (P = 0.002) and significant increases in abundances of Proteobacteria (P = 0.0002) compared to samples collected before chemotherapy. 26147207 8 66 theme gut 1654:1656 arg1 community 1668:1676 the gut microbial community 1650:1676 the gut microbial community associated with chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis 1650:1726 CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies a severe compositional and functional imbalance in the gut microbial community associated with chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis. 26147207 9 67 theme microbiome-targeted 1843:1861 arg1 interventions 1863:1875 intestinal microbiome-targeted interventions 1832:1875 intestinal microbiome-targeted interventions 1832:1875 The functional pathways implicated in our analysis suggest potential directions for the development of intestinal microbiome-targeted interventions in cancer patients. 26147207 0 68 dep dysbiosis 20:28 arg1 microbiome 48:57 the intestinal microbiome 33:57 the intestinal microbiome 33:57 Chemotherapy-driven dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiome. 26147207 6 69 from increases 1149:1157 arg1 abundances 1162:1171 abundances 1162:1171 abundances of Proteobacteria (P = 0.0002) 1162:1202 RESULTS We found that faecal samples collected after chemotherapy exhibited significant decreases in abundances of Firmicutes (P = 0.0002) and Actinobacteria (P = 0.002) and significant increases in abundances of Proteobacteria (P = 0.0002) compared to samples collected before chemotherapy. 26147207 6 69 from increases 1149:1157 arg1 abundances 1064:1073 abundances 1064:1073 abundances of Firmicutes (P = 0.0002) and Actinobacteria (P = 0.002) 1064:1131 RESULTS We found that faecal samples collected after chemotherapy exhibited significant decreases in abundances of Firmicutes (P = 0.0002) and Actinobacteria (P = 0.002) and significant increases in abundances of Proteobacteria (P = 0.0002) compared to samples collected before chemotherapy. 26147207 1 70 theme haematopoietic 165:178 arg1 transplantation 190:204 haematopoietic stem cell transplantation 165:204 haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) 165:211 BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is commonly used as myeloablative conditioning treatment to prepare patients for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). 26147207 3 71 theme GI 345:346 arg1 pathophysiology 358:372 GI mucositis pathophysiology 345:372 GI mucositis pathophysiology 345:372 Current models of GI mucositis pathophysiology are generally silent on the role of the intestinal microbiome. 26147207 7 72 theme xenobiotics 1526:1536 arg1 P = 0.002 1554:1562 P = 0.002 1554:1562 P = 0.002 1554:1562 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 7 72 theme xenobiotics 1526:1536 arg1 biodegradation 1538:1551 xenobiotics biodegradation 1526:1551 xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002) 1526:1563 Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002). 26147207 2 73 theme gastrointestinal 263:278 arg1 mucositis 285:293 gastrointestinal (GI) mucositis 263:293 gastrointestinal (GI) mucositis 263:293 Chemotherapy leads to several side effects, with gastrointestinal (GI) mucositis being one of the most frequent. 26147207 9 74 from development 1817:1827 arg1 patients 1887:1894 cancer patients 1880:1894 cancer patients 1880:1894 The functional pathways implicated in our analysis suggest potential directions for the development of intestinal microbiome-targeted interventions in cancer patients. 26147207 1 75 theme stem 180:183 arg1 transplantation 190:204 haematopoietic stem cell transplantation 165:204 haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) 165:211 BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is commonly used as myeloablative conditioning treatment to prepare patients for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). 26147207 9 76 theme potential 1788:1796 arg1 directions 1798:1807 potential directions 1788:1807 potential directions for the development of intestinal microbiome-targeted interventions in cancer patients 1788:1894 The functional pathways implicated in our analysis suggest potential directions for the development of intestinal microbiome-targeted interventions in cancer patients. 26147207 6 77 theme faecal 985:990 arg1 samples 992:998 faecal samples 985:998 faecal samples collected after chemotherapy 985:1027 RESULTS We found that faecal samples collected after chemotherapy exhibited significant decreases in abundances of Firmicutes (P = 0.0002) and Actinobacteria (P = 0.002) and significant increases in abundances of Proteobacteria (P = 0.0002) compared to samples collected before chemotherapy. 26155771 4 0 theme unidentified 547:558 arg1 aminophospholipids 560:577 three unidentified aminophospholipids 541:577 three unidentified aminophospholipids 541:577 The major polar lipids of strain R33(T) were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, along with lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 26155771 4 0 theme unidentified 547:558 arg1 lipids 632:637 two unidentified lipids 615:637 two unidentified lipids 615:637 The major polar lipids of strain R33(T) were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, along with lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 26155771 4 0 theme unidentified 547:558 arg1 phospholipids 597:609 two unidentified phospholipids 580:609 two unidentified phospholipids 580:609 The major polar lipids of strain R33(T) were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, along with lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 26155771 10 1 theme Paenibacillus 1336:1348 arg1 genus 1330:1334 the genus Paenibacillus 1326:1348 the genus Paenibacillus 1326:1348 The phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the partial rpoB gene confirmed that strain R33(T) belongs to the genus Paenibacillus. 26155771 11 2 theme related 1437:1443 arg1 species 1459:1465 other related Paenibacillus species 1431:1465 other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses 1431:1497 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 5 3 theme predominant 644:654 arg1 MK-7 693:696 MK-7 693:696 MK-7 693:696 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was identified as MK-7. 26155771 5 3 theme predominant 644:654 arg1 quinone 667:673 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 640:673 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 640:673 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was identified as MK-7. 26155771 6 4 theme C16:1 771:775 arg1 ω11c 777:780 C16:1 ω11c 771:780 C16:1 ω11c (9.4 %) 771:788 The major fatty acids (>8.0 %) were found to be anteiso-C15:0 (40.0 %), C16:1 ω11c (9.4 %), C16:1 ω7c alcohol (8.5 %) and C16:0 (8.2 %). 26155771 6 4 theme C16:1 771:775 arg1 % 787:787 9.4 % 783:787 9.4 % 783:787 The major fatty acids (>8.0 %) were found to be anteiso-C15:0 (40.0 %), C16:1 ω11c (9.4 %), C16:1 ω7c alcohol (8.5 %) and C16:0 (8.2 %). 26155771 11 5 theme rDNA-RFLP 1480:1488 arg1 analyses 1490:1497 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses 1476:1497 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses 1476:1497 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 9 6 theme Paenibacillus 1049:1061 arg1 species 1063:1069 other Paenibacillus species 1043:1069 other Paenibacillus species 1043:1069 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species ranged from 91.6 to 97.2 %, with high similarities to Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) and Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T). 26155771 2 7 theme polyphasic 230:239 arg1 approach 251:258 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 228:258 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 228:258 Strain R33(T), an endophyte recovered from Herbertus sendtneri, was identified as representing a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 26155771 12 8 theme genus 1824:1828 arg1 species 1809:1815 a novel species 1801:1815 a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus herberti is proposed (type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T)) 1801:1952 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain R33(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus herberti is proposed (type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T)). 26155771 10 9 theme rRNA 1240:1243 arg1 sequences 1250:1258 16S rRNA gene sequences 1236:1258 16S rRNA gene sequences 1236:1258 The phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the partial rpoB gene confirmed that strain R33(T) belongs to the genus Paenibacillus. 26155771 4 10 theme unidentified 619:630 arg1 lipids 632:637 two unidentified lipids 615:637 two unidentified lipids 615:637 The major polar lipids of strain R33(T) were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, along with lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 26155771 4 10 theme unidentified 619:630 arg1 aminophospholipids 560:577 three unidentified aminophospholipids 541:577 three unidentified aminophospholipids 541:577 The major polar lipids of strain R33(T) were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, along with lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 26155771 12 11 theme novel 1803:1807 arg1 species 1809:1815 a novel species 1801:1815 a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus herberti is proposed (type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T)) 1801:1952 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain R33(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus herberti is proposed (type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T)). 26155771 11 12 theme strain 1596:1601 arg1 T 1639:1639 T 1639:1639 T 1639:1639 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 11 12 theme strain 1596:1601 arg1 T 1607:1607 strain R33(T) 1596:1608 strain R33(T) 1596:1608 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 9 13 theme strain 1026:1031 arg1 T 1037:1037 T 1037:1037 T 1037:1037 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species ranged from 91.6 to 97.2 %, with high similarities to Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) and Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T). 26155771 9 13 theme strain 1026:1031 arg1 R33 1033:1035 strain R33 1026:1035 strain R33(T) 1026:1038 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species ranged from 91.6 to 97.2 %, with high similarities to Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) and Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T). 26155771 4 14 theme R33 414:416 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 440:461 diphosphatidylglycerol 440:461 diphosphatidylglycerol 440:461 The major polar lipids of strain R33(T) were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, along with lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 26155771 4 14 theme R33 414:416 arg1 lipids 397:402 The major polar lipids 381:402 The major polar lipids of strain R33(T) 381:419 The major polar lipids of strain R33(T) were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, along with lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 26155771 2 15 theme Strain 81:86 arg1 T 92:92 T 92:92 T 92:92 Strain R33(T), an endophyte recovered from Herbertus sendtneri, was identified as representing a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 26155771 2 15 theme Strain 81:86 arg1 R33 88:90 Strain R33 81:90 Strain R33(T) 81:93 Strain R33(T), an endophyte recovered from Herbertus sendtneri, was identified as representing a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 26155771 2 15 theme Strain 81:86 arg1 endophyte 99:107 an endophyte 96:107 an endophyte recovered from Herbertus sendtneri 96:142 Strain R33(T), an endophyte recovered from Herbertus sendtneri, was identified as representing a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 26155771 11 16 dep P. 1557:1558 arg1 humicus 1560:1566 humicus 1560:1566 humicus 1560:1566 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 11 17 theme ± 1668:1668 arg1 % 1674:1674 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 % 1648:1674 % 1674:1674 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 12 18 theme DSM 1940:1942 arg1 T 1950:1950 T 1950:1950 T 1950:1950 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain R33(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus herberti is proposed (type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T)). 26155771 12 18 theme DSM 1940:1942 arg1 29849 1944:1948 CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849 1921:1948 type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T) 1900:1951 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain R33(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus herberti is proposed (type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T)). 26155771 9 19 theme high 1104:1107 arg1 similarities 1109:1120 high similarities 1104:1120 high similarities to Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) and Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T) 1104:1198 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species ranged from 91.6 to 97.2 %, with high similarities to Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) and Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T). 26155771 7 20 theme cell-wall 866:874 arg1 peptidoglycan 876:888 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 862:888 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 862:888 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26155771 4 21 theme polar 391:395 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 440:461 diphosphatidylglycerol 440:461 diphosphatidylglycerol 440:461 The major polar lipids of strain R33(T) were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, along with lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 26155771 4 21 theme polar 391:395 arg1 lipids 397:402 The major polar lipids 381:402 The major polar lipids of strain R33(T) 381:419 The major polar lipids of strain R33(T) were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, along with lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 26155771 12 22 theme strain 1760:1765 arg1 R33 1767:1769 strain R33 1760:1769 strain R33(T) 1760:1772 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain R33(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus herberti is proposed (type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T)). 26155771 12 22 theme strain 1760:1765 arg1 T 1771:1771 T 1771:1771 T 1771:1771 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain R33(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus herberti is proposed (type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T)). 26155771 2 23 theme Paenibacillus 205:217 arg1 species 184:190 a novel species 176:190 a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus 176:217 Strain R33(T), an endophyte recovered from Herbertus sendtneri, was identified as representing a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 26155771 10 24 theme rpoB 1276:1279 arg1 gene 1281:1284 the partial rpoB gene 1264:1284 the partial rpoB gene 1264:1284 The phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the partial rpoB gene confirmed that strain R33(T) belongs to the genus Paenibacillus. 26155771 9 25 theme humicus 1139:1145 arg1 T 1154:1154 T 1154:1154 T 1154:1154 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species ranged from 91.6 to 97.2 %, with high similarities to Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) and Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T). 26155771 9 25 theme humicus 1139:1145 arg1 PC-147 1147:1152 Paenibacillus humicus PC-147 1125:1152 Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) 1125:1155 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species ranged from 91.6 to 97.2 %, with high similarities to Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) and Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T). 26155771 12 26 dep strain 1905:1910 arg1 T 1950:1950 T 1950:1950 T 1950:1950 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain R33(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus herberti is proposed (type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T)). 26155771 12 26 dep strain 1905:1910 arg1 29849 1944:1948 CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849 1921:1948 type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T) 1900:1951 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain R33(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus herberti is proposed (type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T)). 26155771 11 27 theme P. 1557:1558 arg1 T 1575:1575 T 1575:1575 T 1575:1575 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 11 27 theme P. 1557:1558 arg1 PC-147 1568:1573 P. humicus PC-147 1557:1573 P. humicus PC-147(T) 1557:1576 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 3 28 theme Gram-stain 299:308 arg1 strain 271:276 The novel strain 261:276 The novel strain 261:276 The novel strain was observed to be a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium. 26155771 3 28 theme Gram-stain 299:308 arg1 bacterium 370:378 a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium 297:378 a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium 297:378 The novel strain was observed to be a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium. 26155771 10 29 theme strain 1301:1306 arg1 T 1312:1312 T 1312:1312 T 1312:1312 The phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the partial rpoB gene confirmed that strain R33(T) belongs to the genus Paenibacillus. 26155771 10 29 theme strain 1301:1306 arg1 R33 1308:1310 strain R33 1301:1310 strain R33(T) 1301:1313 The phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the partial rpoB gene confirmed that strain R33(T) belongs to the genus Paenibacillus. 26155771 6 30 theme major 703:707 arg1 acids 715:719 The major fatty acids 699:719 The major fatty acids (>8.0 %) 699:728 The major fatty acids (>8.0 %) were found to be anteiso-C15:0 (40.0 %), C16:1 ω11c (9.4 %), C16:1 ω7c alcohol (8.5 %) and C16:0 (8.2 %). 26155771 6 30 theme major 703:707 arg1 % 727:727 >8.0 % 722:727 >8.0 % 722:727 The major fatty acids (>8.0 %) were found to be anteiso-C15:0 (40.0 %), C16:1 ω11c (9.4 %), C16:1 ω7c alcohol (8.5 %) and C16:0 (8.2 %). 26155771 6 30 theme major 703:707 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 747:759 anteiso-C15:0 747:759 anteiso-C15:0 (40.0 %) 747:768 The major fatty acids (>8.0 %) were found to be anteiso-C15:0 (40.0 %), C16:1 ω11c (9.4 %), C16:1 ω7c alcohol (8.5 %) and C16:0 (8.2 %). 26155771 8 31 theme genomic 939:945 arg1 DNA 947:949 genomic DNA 939:949 genomic DNA 939:949 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 56.9 mol%. 26155771 0 32 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 23:24 Paenibacillus herberti sp 0:24 Paenibacillus herberti sp. 0:25 Paenibacillus herberti sp. 26155771 9 33 theme Paenibacillus 1161:1173 arg1 SAFN-007 1188:1195 Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007 1161:1195 Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T) 1161:1198 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species ranged from 91.6 to 97.2 %, with high similarities to Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) and Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T). 26155771 9 33 theme Paenibacillus 1161:1173 arg1 T 1197:1197 T 1197:1197 T 1197:1197 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species ranged from 91.6 to 97.2 %, with high similarities to Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) and Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T). 26155771 10 34 theme phylogenetic 1205:1216 arg1 analyses 1218:1225 The phylogenetic analyses 1201:1225 The phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the partial rpoB gene 1201:1284 The phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the partial rpoB gene confirmed that strain R33(T) belongs to the genus Paenibacillus. 26155771 12 35 theme type 1900:1903 arg1 strain 1905:1910 type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T) 1900:1951 type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T) 1900:1951 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain R33(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus herberti is proposed (type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T)). 26155771 6 36 theme ω7c 797:799 arg1 alcohol 801:807 C16:1 ω7c alcohol 791:807 C16:1 ω7c alcohol (8.5 %) 791:815 The major fatty acids (>8.0 %) were found to be anteiso-C15:0 (40.0 %), C16:1 ω11c (9.4 %), C16:1 ω7c alcohol (8.5 %) and C16:0 (8.2 %). 26155771 6 36 theme ω7c 797:799 arg1 % 814:814 8.5 % 810:814 8.5 % 810:814 The major fatty acids (>8.0 %) were found to be anteiso-C15:0 (40.0 %), C16:1 ω11c (9.4 %), C16:1 ω7c alcohol (8.5 %) and C16:0 (8.2 %). 26155771 4 37 theme phosphatidylglycerol 519:538 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 519:538 phosphatidylglycerol 519:538 phosphatidylglycerol 519:538 The major polar lipids of strain R33(T) were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, along with lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 26155771 4 37 theme phosphatidylglycerol 519:538 arg1 amounts 508:514 lesser amounts 501:514 lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol 501:538 The major polar lipids of strain R33(T) were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, along with lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 26155771 11 38 theme relatedness 1512:1522 arg1 ± 1653:1653 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 % 1648:1674 ± 1653:1653 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 11 38 theme relatedness 1512:1522 arg1 values 1524:1529 the DNA-DNA relatedness values 1500:1529 the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T) 1500:1576 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 12 39 theme name 1859:1862 arg1 herberti 1878:1885 the name Paenibacillus herberti 1855:1885 the name Paenibacillus herberti 1855:1885 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain R33(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus herberti is proposed (type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T)). 26155771 9 40 theme 16S 987:989 arg1 similarities 1010:1021 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 983:1021 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species 983:1069 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species ranged from 91.6 to 97.2 %, with high similarities to Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) and Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T). 26155771 11 41 theme molecular 1393:1401 arg1 characteristics 1403:1417 differential molecular characteristics 1380:1417 differential molecular characteristics 1380:1417 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 11 42 theme differential 1380:1391 arg1 characteristics 1403:1417 differential molecular characteristics 1380:1417 differential molecular characteristics 1380:1417 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 11 43 theme other 1431:1435 arg1 species 1459:1465 other related Paenibacillus species 1431:1465 other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses 1431:1497 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 12 44 theme chemotaxonomic 1716:1729 arg1 properties 1748:1757 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties 1700:1757 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties 1700:1757 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain R33(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus herberti is proposed (type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T)). 26155771 12 45 theme phylogenetic 1735:1746 arg1 properties 1748:1757 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties 1700:1757 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties 1700:1757 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain R33(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus herberti is proposed (type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T)). 26155771 11 46 theme Paenibacillus 1445:1457 arg1 species 1459:1465 other related Paenibacillus species 1431:1465 other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses 1431:1497 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 5 47 theme isoprenoid 656:665 arg1 MK-7 693:696 MK-7 693:696 MK-7 693:696 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was identified as MK-7. 26155771 5 47 theme isoprenoid 656:665 arg1 quinone 667:673 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 640:673 The predominant isoprenoid quinone 640:673 The predominant isoprenoid quinone was identified as MK-7. 26155771 9 48 theme gene 996:999 arg1 similarities 1010:1021 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 983:1021 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species 983:1069 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species ranged from 91.6 to 97.2 %, with high similarities to Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) and Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T). 26155771 9 49 theme other 1043:1047 arg1 species 1063:1069 other Paenibacillus species 1043:1069 other Paenibacillus species 1043:1069 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species ranged from 91.6 to 97.2 %, with high similarities to Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) and Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T). 26155771 2 50 theme taxonomic 241:249 arg1 approach 251:258 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 228:258 a polyphasic taxonomic approach 228:258 Strain R33(T), an endophyte recovered from Herbertus sendtneri, was identified as representing a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 26155771 12 51 theme phenotypic 1704:1713 arg1 properties 1748:1757 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties 1700:1757 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties 1700:1757 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain R33(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus herberti is proposed (type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T)). 26155771 11 52 theme 16S 1476:1478 arg1 analyses 1490:1497 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses 1476:1497 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses 1476:1497 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 10 53 theme gene 1245:1248 arg1 sequences 1250:1258 16S rRNA gene sequences 1236:1258 16S rRNA gene sequences 1236:1258 The phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the partial rpoB gene confirmed that strain R33(T) belongs to the genus Paenibacillus. 26155771 2 54 theme novel 178:182 arg1 species 184:190 a novel species 176:190 a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus 176:217 Strain R33(T), an endophyte recovered from Herbertus sendtneri, was identified as representing a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. 26155771 1 55 attach isolated 46:53 arg2 endophyte 36:44 an endophyte 33:44 an endophyte isolated from Herbertus sendtneri 33:78 nov., an endophyte isolated from Herbertus sendtneri. 26155771 1 55 attach isolated 46:53 arg1 sendtneri 70:78 Herbertus sendtneri 60:78 Herbertus sendtneri 60:78 nov., an endophyte isolated from Herbertus sendtneri. 26155771 10 56 theme 16S 1236:1238 arg1 sequences 1250:1258 16S rRNA gene sequences 1236:1258 16S rRNA gene sequences 1236:1258 The phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the partial rpoB gene confirmed that strain R33(T) belongs to the genus Paenibacillus. 26155771 4 57 theme strain 407:412 arg1 T 418:418 T 418:418 T 418:418 The major polar lipids of strain R33(T) were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, along with lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 26155771 4 57 theme strain 407:412 arg1 R33 414:416 strain R33 407:416 strain R33(T) 407:419 The major polar lipids of strain R33(T) were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, along with lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 26155771 1 58 dep endophyte 36:44 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., an endophyte isolated from Herbertus sendtneri. 26155771 7 59 located found 853:857 arg1 peptidoglycan 876:888 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 862:888 the cell-wall peptidoglycan 862:888 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26155771 7 59 located found 853:857 arg2 acid 848:851 The diamino acid 836:851 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 836:888 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26155771 7 59 located found 853:857 arg2 acid 914:917 meso-diaminopimelic acid 894:917 meso-diaminopimelic acid 894:917 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26155771 11 60 theme strain 1360:1365 arg1 R33 1367:1369 strain R33 1360:1369 strain R33(T) 1360:1372 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 11 60 theme strain 1360:1365 arg1 T 1371:1371 T 1371:1371 T 1371:1371 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 11 61 theme R33 1603:1605 arg1 T 1639:1639 T 1639:1639 T 1639:1639 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 11 61 theme R33 1603:1605 arg1 T 1607:1607 strain R33(T) 1596:1608 strain R33(T) 1596:1608 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 4 62 theme major 385:389 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 440:461 diphosphatidylglycerol 440:461 diphosphatidylglycerol 440:461 The major polar lipids of strain R33(T) were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, along with lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 26155771 4 62 theme major 385:389 arg1 lipids 397:402 The major polar lipids 381:402 The major polar lipids of strain R33(T) 381:419 The major polar lipids of strain R33(T) were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, along with lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 26155771 7 63 theme meso-diaminopimelic 894:912 arg1 acid 848:851 The diamino acid 836:851 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 836:888 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26155771 7 63 theme meso-diaminopimelic 894:912 arg1 acid 914:917 meso-diaminopimelic acid 894:917 meso-diaminopimelic acid 894:917 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26155771 3 64 theme novel 265:269 arg1 bacterium 370:378 a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium 297:378 a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium 297:378 The novel strain was observed to be a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium. 26155771 3 64 theme novel 265:269 arg1 strain 271:276 The novel strain 261:276 The novel strain 261:276 The novel strain was observed to be a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium. 26155771 9 65 dep 97.2 1091:1094 arg1 to 1088:1089 to 1088:1089 to 1088:1089 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species ranged from 91.6 to 97.2 %, with high similarities to Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) and Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T). 26155771 9 66 theme Paenibacillus 1125:1137 arg1 T 1154:1154 T 1154:1154 T 1154:1154 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species ranged from 91.6 to 97.2 %, with high similarities to Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) and Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T). 26155771 9 66 theme Paenibacillus 1125:1137 arg1 PC-147 1147:1152 Paenibacillus humicus PC-147 1125:1152 Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) 1125:1155 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species ranged from 91.6 to 97.2 %, with high similarities to Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) and Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T). 26155771 8 67 theme G+C 924:926 arg1 content 928:934 The G+C content 920:934 The G+C content of genomic DNA 920:949 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 56.9 mol%. 26155771 8 67 theme G+C 924:926 arg1 % 980:980 56.9 mol% 972:980 56.9 mol% 972:980 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 56.9 mol%. 26155771 12 68 theme = 1938:1938 arg1 T 1950:1950 T 1950:1950 T 1950:1950 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain R33(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus herberti is proposed (type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T)). 26155771 12 68 theme = 1938:1938 arg1 29849 1944:1948 CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849 1921:1948 type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T) 1900:1951 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain R33(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus herberti is proposed (type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T)). 26155771 10 69 theme partial 1268:1274 arg1 gene 1281:1284 the partial rpoB gene 1264:1284 the partial rpoB gene 1264:1284 The phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the partial rpoB gene confirmed that strain R33(T) belongs to the genus Paenibacillus. 26155771 3 70 theme aerobic 320:326 arg1 strain 271:276 The novel strain 261:276 The novel strain 261:276 The novel strain was observed to be a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium. 26155771 3 70 theme aerobic 320:326 arg1 bacterium 370:378 a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium 297:378 a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium 297:378 The novel strain was observed to be a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium. 26155771 12 71 theme = 1919:1919 arg1 strain 1905:1910 type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T) 1900:1951 type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T) 1900:1951 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain R33(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus herberti is proposed (type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T)). 26155771 6 72 theme fatty 709:713 arg1 acids 715:719 The major fatty acids 699:719 The major fatty acids (>8.0 %) 699:728 The major fatty acids (>8.0 %) were found to be anteiso-C15:0 (40.0 %), C16:1 ω11c (9.4 %), C16:1 ω7c alcohol (8.5 %) and C16:0 (8.2 %). 26155771 6 72 theme fatty 709:713 arg1 % 727:727 >8.0 % 722:727 >8.0 % 722:727 The major fatty acids (>8.0 %) were found to be anteiso-C15:0 (40.0 %), C16:1 ω11c (9.4 %), C16:1 ω7c alcohol (8.5 %) and C16:0 (8.2 %). 26155771 6 72 theme fatty 709:713 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 747:759 anteiso-C15:0 747:759 anteiso-C15:0 (40.0 %) 747:768 The major fatty acids (>8.0 %) were found to be anteiso-C15:0 (40.0 %), C16:1 ω11c (9.4 %), C16:1 ω7c alcohol (8.5 %) and C16:0 (8.2 %). 26155771 8 73 theme DNA 947:949 arg1 content 928:934 The G+C content 920:934 The G+C content of genomic DNA 920:949 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 56.9 mol%. 26155771 8 73 theme DNA 947:949 arg1 % 980:980 56.9 mol% 972:980 56.9 mol% 972:980 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 56.9 mol%. 26155771 7 74 theme diamino 840:846 arg1 acid 914:917 meso-diaminopimelic acid 894:917 meso-diaminopimelic acid 894:917 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26155771 7 74 theme diamino 840:846 arg1 acid 848:851 The diamino acid 836:851 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan 836:888 The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26155771 1 75 theme Herbertus 60:68 arg1 sendtneri 70:78 Herbertus sendtneri 60:78 Herbertus sendtneri 60:78 nov., an endophyte isolated from Herbertus sendtneri. 26155771 3 76 theme positive 310:317 arg1 strain 271:276 The novel strain 261:276 The novel strain 261:276 The novel strain was observed to be a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium. 26155771 3 76 theme positive 310:317 arg1 bacterium 370:378 a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium 297:378 a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium 297:378 The novel strain was observed to be a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium. 26155771 0 77 theme herberti 14:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Paenibacillus herberti sp 0:24 Paenibacillus herberti sp. 0:25 Paenibacillus herberti sp. 26155771 3 78 theme motile 341:346 arg1 strain 271:276 The novel strain 261:276 The novel strain 261:276 The novel strain was observed to be a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium. 26155771 3 78 theme motile 341:346 arg1 bacterium 370:378 a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium 297:378 a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium 297:378 The novel strain was observed to be a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium. 26155771 9 79 theme pasadenensis 1175:1186 arg1 SAFN-007 1188:1195 Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007 1161:1195 Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T) 1161:1198 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species ranged from 91.6 to 97.2 %, with high similarities to Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) and Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T). 26155771 9 79 theme pasadenensis 1175:1186 arg1 T 1197:1197 T 1197:1197 T 1197:1197 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species ranged from 91.6 to 97.2 %, with high similarities to Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) and Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T). 26155771 3 80 theme rod-shaped 329:338 arg1 strain 271:276 The novel strain 261:276 The novel strain 261:276 The novel strain was observed to be a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium. 26155771 3 80 theme rod-shaped 329:338 arg1 bacterium 370:378 a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium 297:378 a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium 297:378 The novel strain was observed to be a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium. 26155771 11 81 theme DNA-DNA 1504:1510 arg1 ± 1653:1653 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 % 1648:1674 ± 1653:1653 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 11 81 theme DNA-DNA 1504:1510 arg1 values 1524:1529 the DNA-DNA relatedness values 1500:1529 the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T) 1500:1576 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 8 82 theme mol 977:979 arg1 content 928:934 The G+C content 920:934 The G+C content of genomic DNA 920:949 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 56.9 mol%. 26155771 8 82 theme mol 977:979 arg1 % 980:980 56.9 mol% 972:980 56.9 mol% 972:980 The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 56.9 mol%. 26155771 6 83 theme C16:1 791:795 arg1 alcohol 801:807 C16:1 ω7c alcohol 791:807 C16:1 ω7c alcohol (8.5 %) 791:815 The major fatty acids (>8.0 %) were found to be anteiso-C15:0 (40.0 %), C16:1 ω11c (9.4 %), C16:1 ω7c alcohol (8.5 %) and C16:0 (8.2 %). 26155771 6 83 theme C16:1 791:795 arg1 % 814:814 8.5 % 810:814 8.5 % 810:814 The major fatty acids (>8.0 %) were found to be anteiso-C15:0 (40.0 %), C16:1 ω11c (9.4 %), C16:1 ω7c alcohol (8.5 %) and C16:0 (8.2 %). 26155771 9 84 theme rRNA 991:994 arg1 similarities 1010:1021 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 983:1021 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species 983:1069 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species ranged from 91.6 to 97.2 %, with high similarities to Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) and Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T). 26155771 3 85 theme endospore-forming 352:368 arg1 strain 271:276 The novel strain 261:276 The novel strain 261:276 The novel strain was observed to be a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium. 26155771 3 85 theme endospore-forming 352:368 arg1 bacterium 370:378 a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium 297:378 a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium 297:378 The novel strain was observed to be a Gram-stain positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterium. 26155771 4 86 theme lesser 501:506 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 519:538 phosphatidylglycerol 519:538 phosphatidylglycerol 519:538 The major polar lipids of strain R33(T) were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, along with lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 26155771 4 86 theme lesser 501:506 arg1 amounts 508:514 lesser amounts 501:514 lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol 501:538 The major polar lipids of strain R33(T) were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, along with lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 26155771 11 87 theme strain 1539:1544 arg1 T 1550:1550 T 1550:1550 T 1550:1550 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 11 87 theme strain 1539:1544 arg1 R33 1546:1548 strain R33 1539:1548 strain R33(T) 1539:1551 However, strain R33(T) shows differential molecular characteristics compared to other related Paenibacillus species based on 16S rDNA-RFLP analyses; the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain R33(T) and P. humicus PC-147(T), and that between strain R33(T) and P. pasadenensis SAFN-007(T), were 35.0 ± 2.0 and 41.4 ± 0.9 %, respectively. 26155771 12 88 theme Paenibacillus 1864:1876 arg1 herberti 1878:1885 the name Paenibacillus herberti 1855:1885 the name Paenibacillus herberti 1855:1885 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain R33(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus herberti is proposed (type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T)). 26155771 9 89 theme sequence 1001:1008 arg1 similarities 1010:1021 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 983:1021 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species 983:1069 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species ranged from 91.6 to 97.2 %, with high similarities to Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) and Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T). 26155771 4 90 theme unidentified 584:595 arg1 aminophospholipids 560:577 three unidentified aminophospholipids 541:577 three unidentified aminophospholipids 541:577 The major polar lipids of strain R33(T) were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, along with lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 26155771 4 90 theme unidentified 584:595 arg1 phospholipids 597:609 two unidentified phospholipids 580:609 two unidentified phospholipids 580:609 The major polar lipids of strain R33(T) were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, along with lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. 26155771 12 91 theme Paenibacillus 1830:1842 arg1 genus 1824:1828 the genus Paenibacillus 1820:1842 the genus Paenibacillus 1820:1842 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain R33(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus herberti is proposed (type strain R33(T) = CGMCC 1.15042(T) = DSM 29849(T)). 26155771 9 92 theme R33 1033:1035 arg1 similarities 1010:1021 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities 983:1021 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species 983:1069 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain R33(T) to other Paenibacillus species ranged from 91.6 to 97.2 %, with high similarities to Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) and Paenibacillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T). 24626396 7 0 theme 25 1356:1357 arg1 mM 1359:1360 mM 1359:1360 mM 1359:1360 CE with mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) revealed that the EGa1 sample comprised of significant amounts of deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products. 24626396 2 1 theme binding 342:348 arg1 fragment 350:357 the binding fragment 338:357 the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody 338:388 In this work, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine both the affinity and composition of the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1, the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody. 24626396 2 1 theme binding 342:348 arg1 EGa1 332:335 the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1 289:335 the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1 289:335 In this work, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine both the affinity and composition of the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1, the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody. 24626396 8 2 theme 100mM 1544:1548 arg1 pH 1563:1564 pH 2.8 1563:1568 pH 2.8 1563:1568 CE-MS using a BGE of 100mM acetic acid (pH 2.8) in combination with a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating demonstrated the additional presence of minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody. 24626396 8 2 theme 100mM 1544:1548 arg1 acid 1557:1560 100mM acetic acid 1544:1560 100mM acetic acid (pH 2.8) 1544:1569 CE-MS using a BGE of 100mM acetic acid (pH 2.8) in combination with a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating demonstrated the additional presence of minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody. 24626396 7 3 theme spectrometry 1313:1324 arg1 detection 1331:1339 mass spectrometry (MS) detection 1308:1339 mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) 1308:1386 CE with mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) revealed that the EGa1 sample comprised of significant amounts of deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products. 24626396 4 4 theme 50mM 555:558 arg1 phosphate 567:575 50mM sodium phosphate 555:575 50mM sodium phosphate (pH 8.0) 555:584 Using a background electrolyte (BGE) of 50mM sodium phosphate (pH 8.0) in combination with a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating, CE analysis of EGa1 showed the presence of at least three components. 24626396 4 4 theme 50mM 555:558 arg1 pH 578:579 pH 8.0 578:583 pH 8.0 578:583 Using a background electrolyte (BGE) of 50mM sodium phosphate (pH 8.0) in combination with a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating, CE analysis of EGa1 showed the presence of at least three components. 24626396 8 5 theme acid 1557:1560 arg1 BGE 1537:1539 a BGE 1535:1539 a BGE of 100mM acetic acid (pH 2.8) in combination with a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating 1535:1645 CE-MS using a BGE of 100mM acetic acid (pH 2.8) in combination with a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating demonstrated the additional presence of minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody. 24626396 8 6 theme peptide 1746:1752 arg1 removal 1724:1730 incomplete removal 1713:1730 incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody 1713:1779 CE-MS using a BGE of 100mM acetic acid (pH 2.8) in combination with a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating demonstrated the additional presence of minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody. 24626396 3 7 theme cells 508:512 arg1 surface 491:497 the surface 487:497 the surface of tumor cells 487:512 EGa1 is an antagonist of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells. 24626396 5 8 theme EGFR 800:803 arg1 EGFR 800:803 EGFR 800:803 EGFR 800:803 Affinity of the EGa1 components towards the extracellular domain of EGFR was assessed by adding different concentrations (0-12 nM) of the receptor to the BGE while measuring the effective electrophoretic mobility of the respective EGa1 components. 24626396 5 8 theme EGFR 800:803 arg1 domain 790:795 the extracellular domain 772:795 the extracellular domain of EGFR 772:803 Affinity of the EGa1 components towards the extracellular domain of EGFR was assessed by adding different concentrations (0-12 nM) of the receptor to the BGE while measuring the effective electrophoretic mobility of the respective EGa1 components. 24626396 2 9 dep affinity 261:268 arg1 the 257:259 the 257:259 the 257:259 In this work, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine both the affinity and composition of the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1, the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody. 24626396 7 10 theme acid 1508:1511 arg1 products 1513:1520 deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products 1454:1520 deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products 1454:1520 CE with mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) revealed that the EGa1 sample comprised of significant amounts of deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products. 24626396 7 11 theme N-terminal 1484:1493 arg1 products 1513:1520 deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products 1454:1520 deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products 1454:1520 CE with mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) revealed that the EGa1 sample comprised of significant amounts of deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products. 24626396 3 12 theme epidermal 420:428 arg1 EGFR 454:457 EGFR 454:457 EGFR 454:457 EGa1 is an antagonist of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells. 24626396 3 12 theme epidermal 420:428 arg1 receptor 444:451 the epidermal growth factor receptor 416:451 the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 416:458 EGa1 is an antagonist of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells. 24626396 7 13 theme bisdeamidated 1466:1478 arg1 products 1513:1520 deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products 1454:1520 deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products 1454:1520 CE with mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) revealed that the EGa1 sample comprised of significant amounts of deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products. 24626396 5 14 theme components 968:977 arg1 mobility 936:943 the effective electrophoretic mobility 906:943 the effective electrophoretic mobility of the respective EGa1 components 906:977 Affinity of the EGa1 components towards the extracellular domain of EGFR was assessed by adding different concentrations (0-12 nM) of the receptor to the BGE while measuring the effective electrophoretic mobility of the respective EGa1 components. 24626396 8 15 theme sulfate-polybrene 1611:1627 arg1 coating 1639:1645 a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating 1591:1645 a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating 1591:1645 CE-MS using a BGE of 100mM acetic acid (pH 2.8) in combination with a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating demonstrated the additional presence of minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody. 24626396 7 16 theme deamidated 1454:1463 arg1 products 1513:1520 deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products 1454:1520 deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products 1454:1520 CE with mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) revealed that the EGa1 sample comprised of significant amounts of deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products. 24626396 1 17 theme essential 105:113 arg1 purity 81:86 Drug purity 76:86 Drug purity 76:86 Drug purity and affinity are essential attributes during development and production of therapeutic proteins. 24626396 1 17 theme essential 105:113 arg1 affinity 92:99 affinity 92:99 affinity 92:99 Drug purity and affinity are essential attributes during development and production of therapeutic proteins. 24626396 1 17 theme essential 105:113 arg1 attributes 115:124 essential attributes 105:124 essential attributes 105:124 Drug purity and affinity are essential attributes during development and production of therapeutic proteins. 24626396 7 18 with CE 1300:1301 arg1 detection 1331:1339 mass spectrometry (MS) detection 1308:1339 mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) 1308:1386 CE with mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) revealed that the EGa1 sample comprised of significant amounts of deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products. 24626396 1 19 theme therapeutic 163:173 arg1 proteins 175:182 therapeutic proteins 163:182 therapeutic proteins 163:182 Drug purity and affinity are essential attributes during development and production of therapeutic proteins. 24626396 4 20 theme capillary 643:651 arg1 coating 653:659 a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating 606:659 a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating 606:659 Using a background electrolyte (BGE) of 50mM sodium phosphate (pH 8.0) in combination with a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating, CE analysis of EGa1 showed the presence of at least three components. 24626396 6 21 theme EGa1 1263:1266 arg1 product 1268:1274 the bulk EGa1 product 1254:1274 the bulk EGa1 product 1254:1274 Binding curves obtained by plotting electrophoretic mobility shifts as a function of receptor concentration, yielded dissociation constants (Kd) of 1.65, 1.67, and 1.75 nM for the three components, respectively; these values were comparable to the Kd of 2.1 nM obtained for the bulk EGa1 product using a cellular assay. 24626396 9 22 theme EGa1 1866:1869 arg1 heterogeneous 1891:1903 heterogeneous 1891:1903 heterogeneous 1891:1903 Combining the results obtained from affinity CE and CE-MS, it is concluded that the EGa1 nanobody product is heterogeneous, comprising highly-related proteins that exhibit very similar affinity towards EGFR. 24626396 9 22 theme EGa1 1866:1869 arg1 product 1880:1886 the EGa1 nanobody product 1862:1886 the EGa1 nanobody product 1862:1886 Combining the results obtained from affinity CE and CE-MS, it is concluded that the EGa1 nanobody product is heterogeneous, comprising highly-related proteins that exhibit very similar affinity towards EGFR. 24626396 8 23 theme minor 1687:1691 arg1 products 1693:1700 minor products 1687:1700 minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody 1687:1779 CE-MS using a BGE of 100mM acetic acid (pH 2.8) in combination with a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating demonstrated the additional presence of minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody. 24626396 1 24 theme Drug 76:79 arg1 purity 81:86 Drug purity 76:86 Drug purity 76:86 Drug purity and affinity are essential attributes during development and production of therapeutic proteins. 24626396 1 24 theme Drug 76:79 arg1 affinity 92:99 affinity 92:99 affinity 92:99 Drug purity and affinity are essential attributes during development and production of therapeutic proteins. 24626396 1 24 theme Drug 76:79 arg1 attributes 115:124 essential attributes 105:124 essential attributes 105:124 Drug purity and affinity are essential attributes during development and production of therapeutic proteins. 24626396 8 25 with combination 1574:1584 arg1 coating 1639:1645 a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating 1591:1645 a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating 1591:1645 CE-MS using a BGE of 100mM acetic acid (pH 2.8) in combination with a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating demonstrated the additional presence of minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody. 24626396 3 26 theme growth 430:435 arg1 EGFR 454:457 EGFR 454:457 EGFR 454:457 EGa1 is an antagonist of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells. 24626396 3 26 theme growth 430:435 arg1 receptor 444:451 the epidermal growth factor receptor 416:451 the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 416:458 EGa1 is an antagonist of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells. 24626396 8 27 theme related 1702:1708 arg1 products 1693:1700 minor products 1687:1700 minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody 1687:1779 CE-MS using a BGE of 100mM acetic acid (pH 2.8) in combination with a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating demonstrated the additional presence of minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody. 24626396 4 28 theme EGa1 677:680 arg1 analysis 665:672 CE analysis 662:672 CE analysis of EGa1 662:680 Using a background electrolyte (BGE) of 50mM sodium phosphate (pH 8.0) in combination with a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating, CE analysis of EGa1 showed the presence of at least three components. 24626396 2 29 theme antibody 381:388 arg1 fragment 350:357 the binding fragment 338:357 the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody 338:388 In this work, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine both the affinity and composition of the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1, the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody. 24626396 2 29 theme antibody 381:388 arg1 EGa1 332:335 the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1 289:335 the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1 289:335 In this work, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine both the affinity and composition of the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1, the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody. 24626396 0 30 theme Capillary 0:8 arg1 assessment 32:41 Capillary electrophoresis-based assessment 0:41 Capillary electrophoresis-based assessment of nanobody affinity and purity 0:73 Capillary electrophoresis-based assessment of nanobody affinity and purity. 24626396 8 31 theme incomplete 1713:1722 arg1 removal 1724:1730 incomplete removal 1713:1730 incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody 1713:1779 CE-MS using a BGE of 100mM acetic acid (pH 2.8) in combination with a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating demonstrated the additional presence of minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody. 24626396 4 32 from electrolyte 534:544 arg1 combination 589:599 combination 589:599 combination with a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating 589:659 Using a background electrolyte (BGE) of 50mM sodium phosphate (pH 8.0) in combination with a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating, CE analysis of EGa1 showed the presence of at least three components. 24626396 8 33 from BGE 1537:1539 arg1 combination 1574:1584 combination 1574:1584 combination with a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating 1574:1645 CE-MS using a BGE of 100mM acetic acid (pH 2.8) in combination with a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating demonstrated the additional presence of minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody. 24626396 5 34 theme components 753:762 arg1 Affinity 732:739 Affinity 732:739 Affinity of the EGa1 components towards the extracellular domain of EGFR 732:803 Affinity of the EGa1 components towards the extracellular domain of EGFR was assessed by adding different concentrations (0-12 nM) of the receptor to the BGE while measuring the effective electrophoretic mobility of the respective EGa1 components. 24626396 7 35 theme products 1513:1520 arg1 products 1513:1520 deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products 1454:1520 deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products 1454:1520 CE with mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) revealed that the EGa1 sample comprised of significant amounts of deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products. 24626396 7 35 theme products 1513:1520 arg1 amounts 1443:1449 significant amounts 1431:1449 significant amounts of deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products 1431:1520 CE with mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) revealed that the EGa1 sample comprised of significant amounts of deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products. 24626396 6 36 theme Binding 980:986 arg1 curves 988:993 Binding curves 980:993 Binding curves 980:993 Binding curves obtained by plotting electrophoretic mobility shifts as a function of receptor concentration, yielded dissociation constants (Kd) of 1.65, 1.67, and 1.75 nM for the three components, respectively; these values were comparable to the Kd of 2.1 nM obtained for the bulk EGa1 product using a cellular assay. 24626396 3 37 theme receptor 444:451 arg1 EGa1 391:394 EGa1 391:394 EGa1 391:394 EGa1 is an antagonist of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells. 24626396 3 37 theme receptor 444:451 arg1 antagonist 402:411 an antagonist 399:411 an antagonist of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells 399:512 EGa1 is an antagonist of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells. 24626396 0 38 theme nanobody 46:53 arg1 affinity 55:62 nanobody affinity 46:62 nanobody affinity 46:62 Capillary electrophoresis-based assessment of nanobody affinity and purity. 24626396 6 39 theme cellular 1284:1291 arg1 assay 1293:1297 a cellular assay 1282:1297 a cellular assay 1282:1297 Binding curves obtained by plotting electrophoretic mobility shifts as a function of receptor concentration, yielded dissociation constants (Kd) of 1.65, 1.67, and 1.75 nM for the three components, respectively; these values were comparable to the Kd of 2.1 nM obtained for the bulk EGa1 product using a cellular assay. 24626396 7 40 theme acetate 1371:1377 arg1 BGE 1349:1351 a BGE 1347:1351 a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) 1347:1386 CE with mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) revealed that the EGa1 sample comprised of significant amounts of deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products. 24626396 5 41 theme EGa1 963:966 arg1 components 968:977 the respective EGa1 components 948:977 the respective EGa1 components 948:977 Affinity of the EGa1 components towards the extracellular domain of EGFR was assessed by adding different concentrations (0-12 nM) of the receptor to the BGE while measuring the effective electrophoretic mobility of the respective EGa1 components. 24626396 6 42 theme receptor 1065:1072 arg1 concentration 1074:1086 receptor concentration 1065:1086 receptor concentration 1065:1086 Binding curves obtained by plotting electrophoretic mobility shifts as a function of receptor concentration, yielded dissociation constants (Kd) of 1.65, 1.67, and 1.75 nM for the three components, respectively; these values were comparable to the Kd of 2.1 nM obtained for the bulk EGa1 product using a cellular assay. 24626396 9 43 theme similar 1959:1965 arg1 affinity 1967:1974 very similar affinity 1954:1974 very similar affinity towards EGFR 1954:1987 Combining the results obtained from affinity CE and CE-MS, it is concluded that the EGa1 nanobody product is heterogeneous, comprising highly-related proteins that exhibit very similar affinity towards EGFR. 24626396 4 44 theme components 720:729 arg1 presence 693:700 the presence 689:700 the presence of at least three components 689:729 Using a background electrolyte (BGE) of 50mM sodium phosphate (pH 8.0) in combination with a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating, CE analysis of EGa1 showed the presence of at least three components. 24626396 2 45 theme EGa1 332:335 arg1 composition 274:284 composition 274:284 composition 274:284 In this work, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine both the affinity and composition of the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1, the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody. 24626396 2 45 theme EGa1 332:335 arg1 affinity 261:268 affinity 261:268 affinity 261:268 In this work, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine both the affinity and composition of the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1, the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody. 24626396 7 46 theme mM 1359:1360 arg1 acetate 1371:1377 25 mM ammonium acetate 1356:1377 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) 1356:1386 CE with mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) revealed that the EGa1 sample comprised of significant amounts of deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products. 24626396 7 46 theme mM 1359:1360 arg1 pH 1380:1381 pH 8.0 1380:1385 pH 8.0 1380:1385 CE with mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) revealed that the EGa1 sample comprised of significant amounts of deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products. 24626396 5 47 theme effective 910:918 arg1 mobility 936:943 the effective electrophoretic mobility 906:943 the effective electrophoretic mobility of the respective EGa1 components 906:977 Affinity of the EGa1 components towards the extracellular domain of EGFR was assessed by adding different concentrations (0-12 nM) of the receptor to the BGE while measuring the effective electrophoretic mobility of the respective EGa1 components. 24626396 4 48 theme sodium 560:565 arg1 phosphate 567:575 50mM sodium phosphate 555:575 50mM sodium phosphate (pH 8.0) 555:584 Using a background electrolyte (BGE) of 50mM sodium phosphate (pH 8.0) in combination with a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating, CE analysis of EGa1 showed the presence of at least three components. 24626396 4 48 theme sodium 560:565 arg1 pH 578:579 pH 8.0 578:583 pH 8.0 578:583 Using a background electrolyte (BGE) of 50mM sodium phosphate (pH 8.0) in combination with a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating, CE analysis of EGa1 showed the presence of at least three components. 24626396 2 49 theme capillary 199:207 arg1 electrophoresis 209:223 capillary electrophoresis 199:223 capillary electrophoresis (CE) 199:228 In this work, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine both the affinity and composition of the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1, the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody. 24626396 2 49 theme capillary 199:207 arg1 CE 226:227 CE 226:227 CE 226:227 In this work, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine both the affinity and composition of the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1, the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody. 24626396 8 50 from nanobody 1772:1779 arg1 removal 1724:1730 incomplete removal 1713:1730 incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody 1713:1779 CE-MS using a BGE of 100mM acetic acid (pH 2.8) in combination with a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating demonstrated the additional presence of minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody. 24626396 6 51 theme mobility 1032:1039 arg1 shifts 1041:1046 electrophoretic mobility shifts 1016:1046 electrophoretic mobility shifts 1016:1046 Binding curves obtained by plotting electrophoretic mobility shifts as a function of receptor concentration, yielded dissociation constants (Kd) of 1.65, 1.67, and 1.75 nM for the three components, respectively; these values were comparable to the Kd of 2.1 nM obtained for the bulk EGa1 product using a cellular assay. 24626396 6 51 theme mobility 1032:1039 arg1 function 1053:1060 a function 1051:1060 a function of receptor concentration 1051:1086 Binding curves obtained by plotting electrophoretic mobility shifts as a function of receptor concentration, yielded dissociation constants (Kd) of 1.65, 1.67, and 1.75 nM for the three components, respectively; these values were comparable to the Kd of 2.1 nM obtained for the bulk EGa1 product using a cellular assay. 24626396 8 52 theme signal 1739:1744 arg1 peptide 1746:1752 the signal peptide 1735:1752 the signal peptide 1735:1752 CE-MS using a BGE of 100mM acetic acid (pH 2.8) in combination with a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating demonstrated the additional presence of minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody. 24626396 5 53 theme different 828:836 arg1 concentrations 838:851 different concentrations 828:851 different concentrations (0-12 nM) of the receptor 828:877 Affinity of the EGa1 components towards the extracellular domain of EGFR was assessed by adding different concentrations (0-12 nM) of the receptor to the BGE while measuring the effective electrophoretic mobility of the respective EGa1 components. 24626396 5 53 theme different 828:836 arg1 nM 859:860 0-12 nM 854:860 0-12 nM 854:860 Affinity of the EGa1 components towards the extracellular domain of EGFR was assessed by adding different concentrations (0-12 nM) of the receptor to the BGE while measuring the effective electrophoretic mobility of the respective EGa1 components. 24626396 3 54 theme tumor 502:506 arg1 cells 508:512 tumor cells 502:512 tumor cells 502:512 EGa1 is an antagonist of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells. 24626396 8 55 theme acetic 1550:1555 arg1 pH 1563:1564 pH 2.8 1563:1568 pH 2.8 1563:1568 CE-MS using a BGE of 100mM acetic acid (pH 2.8) in combination with a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating demonstrated the additional presence of minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody. 24626396 8 55 theme acetic 1550:1555 arg1 acid 1557:1560 100mM acetic acid 1544:1560 100mM acetic acid (pH 2.8) 1544:1569 CE-MS using a BGE of 100mM acetic acid (pH 2.8) in combination with a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating demonstrated the additional presence of minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody. 24626396 7 56 theme mass 1308:1311 arg1 MS 1327:1328 MS 1327:1328 MS 1327:1328 CE with mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) revealed that the EGa1 sample comprised of significant amounts of deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products. 24626396 7 56 theme mass 1308:1311 arg1 spectrometry 1313:1324 mass spectrometry 1308:1324 mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) 1308:1386 CE with mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) revealed that the EGa1 sample comprised of significant amounts of deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products. 24626396 8 57 theme produced 1763:1770 arg1 nanobody 1772:1779 the produced nanobody 1759:1779 the produced nanobody 1759:1779 CE-MS using a BGE of 100mM acetic acid (pH 2.8) in combination with a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating demonstrated the additional presence of minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody. 24626396 2 58 theme nanobody 322:329 arg1 fragment 350:357 the binding fragment 338:357 the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody 338:388 In this work, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine both the affinity and composition of the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1, the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody. 24626396 2 58 theme nanobody 322:329 arg1 EGa1 332:335 the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1 289:335 the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1 289:335 In this work, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine both the affinity and composition of the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1, the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody. 24626396 7 59 theme pyroglutamic 1495:1506 arg1 products 1513:1520 deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products 1454:1520 deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products 1454:1520 CE with mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) revealed that the EGa1 sample comprised of significant amounts of deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products. 24626396 6 60 theme dissociation 1097:1108 arg1 Kd 1121:1122 Kd 1121:1122 Kd 1121:1122 Binding curves obtained by plotting electrophoretic mobility shifts as a function of receptor concentration, yielded dissociation constants (Kd) of 1.65, 1.67, and 1.75 nM for the three components, respectively; these values were comparable to the Kd of 2.1 nM obtained for the bulk EGa1 product using a cellular assay. 24626396 6 60 theme dissociation 1097:1108 arg1 constants 1110:1118 dissociation constants 1097:1118 dissociation constants (Kd) of 1.65, 1.67, and 1.75 nM for the three components 1097:1175 Binding curves obtained by plotting electrophoretic mobility shifts as a function of receptor concentration, yielded dissociation constants (Kd) of 1.65, 1.67, and 1.75 nM for the three components, respectively; these values were comparable to the Kd of 2.1 nM obtained for the bulk EGa1 product using a cellular assay. 24626396 4 61 theme polybrene-poly 608:621 arg1 coating 653:659 a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating 606:659 a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating 606:659 Using a background electrolyte (BGE) of 50mM sodium phosphate (pH 8.0) in combination with a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating, CE analysis of EGa1 showed the presence of at least three components. 24626396 6 62 theme nM 1238:1239 arg1 Kd 1228:1229 the Kd 1224:1229 the Kd of 2.1 nM obtained for the bulk EGa1 product using a cellular assay 1224:1297 Binding curves obtained by plotting electrophoretic mobility shifts as a function of receptor concentration, yielded dissociation constants (Kd) of 1.65, 1.67, and 1.75 nM for the three components, respectively; these values were comparable to the Kd of 2.1 nM obtained for the bulk EGa1 product using a cellular assay. 24626396 2 63 theme produced 312:319 arg1 fragment 350:357 the binding fragment 338:357 the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody 338:388 In this work, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine both the affinity and composition of the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1, the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody. 24626396 2 63 theme produced 312:319 arg1 EGa1 332:335 the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1 289:335 the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1 289:335 In this work, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine both the affinity and composition of the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1, the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody. 24626396 2 64 used used 234:237 arg2 CE 226:227 CE 226:227 CE 226:227 In this work, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine both the affinity and composition of the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1, the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody. 24626396 2 64 used used 234:237 arg2 electrophoresis 209:223 capillary electrophoresis 199:223 capillary electrophoresis (CE) 199:228 In this work, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine both the affinity and composition of the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1, the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody. 24626396 5 65 theme extracellular 776:788 arg1 EGFR 800:803 EGFR 800:803 EGFR 800:803 Affinity of the EGa1 components towards the extracellular domain of EGFR was assessed by adding different concentrations (0-12 nM) of the receptor to the BGE while measuring the effective electrophoretic mobility of the respective EGa1 components. 24626396 5 65 theme extracellular 776:788 arg1 domain 790:795 the extracellular domain 772:795 the extracellular domain of EGFR 772:803 Affinity of the EGa1 components towards the extracellular domain of EGFR was assessed by adding different concentrations (0-12 nM) of the receptor to the BGE while measuring the effective electrophoretic mobility of the respective EGa1 components. 24626396 6 66 theme nM 1149:1150 arg1 Kd 1121:1122 Kd 1121:1122 Kd 1121:1122 Binding curves obtained by plotting electrophoretic mobility shifts as a function of receptor concentration, yielded dissociation constants (Kd) of 1.65, 1.67, and 1.75 nM for the three components, respectively; these values were comparable to the Kd of 2.1 nM obtained for the bulk EGa1 product using a cellular assay. 24626396 6 66 theme nM 1149:1150 arg1 constants 1110:1118 dissociation constants 1097:1118 dissociation constants (Kd) of 1.65, 1.67, and 1.75 nM for the three components 1097:1175 Binding curves obtained by plotting electrophoretic mobility shifts as a function of receptor concentration, yielded dissociation constants (Kd) of 1.65, 1.67, and 1.75 nM for the three components, respectively; these values were comparable to the Kd of 2.1 nM obtained for the bulk EGa1 product using a cellular assay. 24626396 8 67 theme polybrene-dextran 1593:1609 arg1 coating 1639:1645 a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating 1591:1645 a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating 1591:1645 CE-MS using a BGE of 100mM acetic acid (pH 2.8) in combination with a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating demonstrated the additional presence of minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody. 24626396 7 68 theme significant 1431:1441 arg1 products 1513:1520 deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products 1454:1520 deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products 1454:1520 CE with mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) revealed that the EGa1 sample comprised of significant amounts of deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products. 24626396 7 68 theme significant 1431:1441 arg1 amounts 1443:1449 significant amounts 1431:1449 significant amounts of deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products 1431:1520 CE with mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) revealed that the EGa1 sample comprised of significant amounts of deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products. 24626396 4 69 theme CE 662:663 arg1 analysis 665:672 CE analysis 662:672 CE analysis of EGa1 662:680 Using a background electrolyte (BGE) of 50mM sodium phosphate (pH 8.0) in combination with a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating, CE analysis of EGa1 showed the presence of at least three components. 24626396 8 70 theme capillary 1629:1637 arg1 coating 1639:1645 a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating 1591:1645 a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating 1591:1645 CE-MS using a BGE of 100mM acetic acid (pH 2.8) in combination with a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating demonstrated the additional presence of minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody. 24626396 4 71 theme vinylsulfonic 623:635 arg1 acid 637:640 vinylsulfonic acid 623:640 vinylsulfonic acid 623:640 Using a background electrolyte (BGE) of 50mM sodium phosphate (pH 8.0) in combination with a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating, CE analysis of EGa1 showed the presence of at least three components. 24626396 1 72 theme proteins 175:182 arg1 production 149:158 production 149:158 production 149:158 Drug purity and affinity are essential attributes during development and production of therapeutic proteins. 24626396 1 72 theme proteins 175:182 arg1 development 133:143 development 133:143 development 133:143 Drug purity and affinity are essential attributes during development and production of therapeutic proteins. 24626396 7 73 theme EGa1 1406:1409 arg1 sample 1411:1416 the EGa1 sample 1402:1416 the EGa1 sample 1402:1416 CE with mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) revealed that the EGa1 sample comprised of significant amounts of deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products. 24626396 6 74 theme bulk 1258:1261 arg1 product 1268:1274 the bulk EGa1 product 1254:1274 the bulk EGa1 product 1254:1274 Binding curves obtained by plotting electrophoretic mobility shifts as a function of receptor concentration, yielded dissociation constants (Kd) of 1.65, 1.67, and 1.75 nM for the three components, respectively; these values were comparable to the Kd of 2.1 nM obtained for the bulk EGa1 product using a cellular assay. 24626396 4 75 dep polybrene-poly 608:621 arg1 acid 637:640 vinylsulfonic acid 623:640 vinylsulfonic acid 623:640 Using a background electrolyte (BGE) of 50mM sodium phosphate (pH 8.0) in combination with a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating, CE analysis of EGa1 showed the presence of at least three components. 24626396 8 76 theme additional 1664:1673 arg1 presence 1675:1682 the additional presence 1660:1682 the additional presence of minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody 1660:1779 CE-MS using a BGE of 100mM acetic acid (pH 2.8) in combination with a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating demonstrated the additional presence of minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody. 24626396 9 77 theme nanobody 1871:1878 arg1 heterogeneous 1891:1903 heterogeneous 1891:1903 heterogeneous 1891:1903 Combining the results obtained from affinity CE and CE-MS, it is concluded that the EGa1 nanobody product is heterogeneous, comprising highly-related proteins that exhibit very similar affinity towards EGFR. 24626396 9 77 theme nanobody 1871:1878 arg1 product 1880:1886 the EGa1 nanobody product 1862:1886 the EGa1 nanobody product 1862:1886 Combining the results obtained from affinity CE and CE-MS, it is concluded that the EGa1 nanobody product is heterogeneous, comprising highly-related proteins that exhibit very similar affinity towards EGFR. 24626396 6 78 theme electrophoretic 1016:1030 arg1 shifts 1041:1046 electrophoretic mobility shifts 1016:1046 electrophoretic mobility shifts 1016:1046 Binding curves obtained by plotting electrophoretic mobility shifts as a function of receptor concentration, yielded dissociation constants (Kd) of 1.65, 1.67, and 1.75 nM for the three components, respectively; these values were comparable to the Kd of 2.1 nM obtained for the bulk EGa1 product using a cellular assay. 24626396 6 78 theme electrophoretic 1016:1030 arg1 function 1053:1060 a function 1051:1060 a function of receptor concentration 1051:1086 Binding curves obtained by plotting electrophoretic mobility shifts as a function of receptor concentration, yielded dissociation constants (Kd) of 1.65, 1.67, and 1.75 nM for the three components, respectively; these values were comparable to the Kd of 2.1 nM obtained for the bulk EGa1 product using a cellular assay. 24626396 3 79 theme factor 437:442 arg1 EGFR 454:457 EGFR 454:457 EGFR 454:457 EGa1 is an antagonist of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells. 24626396 3 79 theme factor 437:442 arg1 receptor 444:451 the epidermal growth factor receptor 416:451 the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 416:458 EGa1 is an antagonist of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells. 24626396 0 80 theme electrophoresis-based 10:30 arg1 assessment 32:41 Capillary electrophoresis-based assessment 0:41 Capillary electrophoresis-based assessment of nanobody affinity and purity 0:73 Capillary electrophoresis-based assessment of nanobody affinity and purity. 24626396 8 81 theme products 1693:1700 arg1 presence 1675:1682 the additional presence 1660:1682 the additional presence of minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody 1660:1779 CE-MS using a BGE of 100mM acetic acid (pH 2.8) in combination with a polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene capillary coating demonstrated the additional presence of minor products related to incomplete removal of the signal peptide from the produced nanobody. 24626396 4 82 theme background 523:532 arg1 BGE 547:549 BGE 547:549 BGE 547:549 Using a background electrolyte (BGE) of 50mM sodium phosphate (pH 8.0) in combination with a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating, CE analysis of EGa1 showed the presence of at least three components. 24626396 4 82 theme background 523:532 arg1 electrolyte 534:544 a background electrolyte 521:544 a background electrolyte (BGE) of 50mM sodium phosphate (pH 8.0) in combination with a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating 521:659 Using a background electrolyte (BGE) of 50mM sodium phosphate (pH 8.0) in combination with a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating, CE analysis of EGa1 showed the presence of at least three components. 24626396 2 83 theme heavy-chain-only 364:379 arg1 antibody 381:388 a heavy-chain-only antibody 362:388 a heavy-chain-only antibody 362:388 In this work, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine both the affinity and composition of the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1, the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody. 24626396 5 84 theme EGa1 748:751 arg1 components 753:762 the EGa1 components 744:762 the EGa1 components 744:762 Affinity of the EGa1 components towards the extracellular domain of EGFR was assessed by adding different concentrations (0-12 nM) of the receptor to the BGE while measuring the effective electrophoretic mobility of the respective EGa1 components. 24626396 5 85 theme receptor 870:877 arg1 concentrations 838:851 different concentrations 828:851 different concentrations (0-12 nM) of the receptor 828:877 Affinity of the EGa1 components towards the extracellular domain of EGFR was assessed by adding different concentrations (0-12 nM) of the receptor to the BGE while measuring the effective electrophoretic mobility of the respective EGa1 components. 24626396 5 85 theme receptor 870:877 arg1 nM 859:860 0-12 nM 854:860 0-12 nM 854:860 Affinity of the EGa1 components towards the extracellular domain of EGFR was assessed by adding different concentrations (0-12 nM) of the receptor to the BGE while measuring the effective electrophoretic mobility of the respective EGa1 components. 24626396 9 86 theme highly-related 1917:1930 arg1 proteins 1932:1939 highly-related proteins 1917:1939 highly-related proteins that exhibit very similar affinity towards EGFR 1917:1987 Combining the results obtained from affinity CE and CE-MS, it is concluded that the EGa1 nanobody product is heterogeneous, comprising highly-related proteins that exhibit very similar affinity towards EGFR. 24626396 9 87 theme affinity 1818:1825 arg1 CE 1827:1828 affinity CE 1818:1828 affinity CE 1818:1828 Combining the results obtained from affinity CE and CE-MS, it is concluded that the EGa1 nanobody product is heterogeneous, comprising highly-related proteins that exhibit very similar affinity towards EGFR. 24626396 0 88 theme affinity 55:62 arg1 assessment 32:41 Capillary electrophoresis-based assessment 0:41 Capillary electrophoresis-based assessment of nanobody affinity and purity 0:73 Capillary electrophoresis-based assessment of nanobody affinity and purity. 24626396 0 89 theme purity 68:73 arg1 assessment 32:41 Capillary electrophoresis-based assessment 0:41 Capillary electrophoresis-based assessment of nanobody affinity and purity 0:73 Capillary electrophoresis-based assessment of nanobody affinity and purity. 24626396 5 90 theme respective 952:961 arg1 components 968:977 the respective EGa1 components 948:977 the respective EGa1 components 948:977 Affinity of the EGa1 components towards the extracellular domain of EGFR was assessed by adding different concentrations (0-12 nM) of the receptor to the BGE while measuring the effective electrophoretic mobility of the respective EGa1 components. 24626396 6 91 theme concentration 1074:1086 arg1 shifts 1041:1046 electrophoretic mobility shifts 1016:1046 electrophoretic mobility shifts 1016:1046 Binding curves obtained by plotting electrophoretic mobility shifts as a function of receptor concentration, yielded dissociation constants (Kd) of 1.65, 1.67, and 1.75 nM for the three components, respectively; these values were comparable to the Kd of 2.1 nM obtained for the bulk EGa1 product using a cellular assay. 24626396 6 91 theme concentration 1074:1086 arg1 function 1053:1060 a function 1051:1060 a function of receptor concentration 1051:1086 Binding curves obtained by plotting electrophoretic mobility shifts as a function of receptor concentration, yielded dissociation constants (Kd) of 1.65, 1.67, and 1.75 nM for the three components, respectively; these values were comparable to the Kd of 2.1 nM obtained for the bulk EGa1 product using a cellular assay. 24626396 4 92 with combination 589:599 arg1 coating 653:659 a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating 606:659 a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating 606:659 Using a background electrolyte (BGE) of 50mM sodium phosphate (pH 8.0) in combination with a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating, CE analysis of EGa1 showed the presence of at least three components. 24626396 4 93 theme phosphate 567:575 arg1 BGE 547:549 BGE 547:549 BGE 547:549 Using a background electrolyte (BGE) of 50mM sodium phosphate (pH 8.0) in combination with a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating, CE analysis of EGa1 showed the presence of at least three components. 24626396 4 93 theme phosphate 567:575 arg1 electrolyte 534:544 a background electrolyte 521:544 a background electrolyte (BGE) of 50mM sodium phosphate (pH 8.0) in combination with a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating 521:659 Using a background electrolyte (BGE) of 50mM sodium phosphate (pH 8.0) in combination with a polybrene-poly(vinylsulfonic acid) capillary coating, CE analysis of EGa1 showed the presence of at least three components. 24626396 2 94 theme " 330:330 arg1 fragment 350:357 the binding fragment 338:357 the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody 338:388 In this work, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine both the affinity and composition of the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1, the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody. 24626396 2 94 theme " 330:330 arg1 EGa1 332:335 the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1 289:335 the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1 289:335 In this work, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine both the affinity and composition of the biotechnologically produced "nanobody" EGa1, the binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody. 24626396 7 95 theme ammonium 1362:1369 arg1 acetate 1371:1377 25 mM ammonium acetate 1356:1377 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) 1356:1386 CE with mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) revealed that the EGa1 sample comprised of significant amounts of deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products. 24626396 7 95 theme ammonium 1362:1369 arg1 pH 1380:1381 pH 8.0 1380:1385 pH 8.0 1380:1385 CE with mass spectrometry (MS) detection using a BGE of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.0) revealed that the EGa1 sample comprised of significant amounts of deamidated, bisdeamidated and N-terminal pyroglutamic acid products. 24626396 5 96 theme electrophoretic 920:934 arg1 mobility 936:943 the effective electrophoretic mobility 906:943 the effective electrophoretic mobility of the respective EGa1 components 906:977 Affinity of the EGa1 components towards the extracellular domain of EGFR was assessed by adding different concentrations (0-12 nM) of the receptor to the BGE while measuring the effective electrophoretic mobility of the respective EGa1 components. 26347731 10 0 theme percentage 1743:1752 arg1 composition 1754:1764 the percentage composition 1739:1764 the percentage composition of P. aeruginosa in dual species biofilms with P. protegens (<1%) 1739:1830 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide significantly reduced the percentage composition of P. aeruginosa in dual species biofilms with P. protegens (<1%). 26347731 11 1 theme species 1932:1938 arg1 biofilms 1940:1947 the three species biofilms 1922:1947 the three species biofilms 1922:1947 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide significantly disrupted the communal stress resistance of the three species biofilms. 26347731 2 2 from role 340:343 arg1 development 352:362 the development 348:362 the development of mixed species biofilm communities 348:399 Considerably less is known about their role in the development of mixed species biofilm communities. 26347731 8 3 theme WT 1516:1517 arg1 PAO1 1519:1522 the WT PAO1 1512:1522 the WT PAO1 1512:1522 When P. aeruginosa was grown with P. protegens, loss of the Pel or alginate polysaccharides resulted in biofilms that were not significantly different from biofilms formed by the WT PAO1. 26347731 10 4 theme dual 1786:1789 arg1 biofilms 1799:1806 dual species biofilms 1786:1806 dual species biofilms with P. protegens (<1%) 1786:1830 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide significantly reduced the percentage composition of P. aeruginosa in dual species biofilms with P. protegens (<1%). 26347731 3 5 theme mixed 552:556 arg1 community 574:582 a defined and experimentally informative mixed species biofilm community 511:582 a defined and experimentally informative mixed species biofilm community 511:582 This study has investigated the roles of alginate, Psl, and Pel during biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa in a defined and experimentally informative mixed species biofilm community, consisting of P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas protegens, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. 26347731 1 6 theme monospecies 279:289 arg1 biofilms 291:298 monospecies biofilms 279:298 monospecies biofilms 279:298 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 produces three polysaccharides, alginate, Psl, and Pel that play distinct roles in attachment and biofilm formation for monospecies biofilms. 26347731 10 7 theme aeruginosa 1772:1781 arg1 composition 1754:1764 the percentage composition 1739:1764 the percentage composition of P. aeruginosa in dual species biofilms with P. protegens (<1%) 1739:1830 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide significantly reduced the percentage composition of P. aeruginosa in dual species biofilms with P. protegens (<1%). 26347731 4 8 theme Psl 676:678 arg1 polysaccharide 680:693 the Psl polysaccharide 672:693 the Psl polysaccharide 672:693 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide had the biggest impact on the integration of P. aeruginosa in the mixed species biofilms, where the percent composition of the psl mutant was significantly lower (0.06%) than its wild-type (WT) parent (2.44%). 26347731 11 9 theme communal 1892:1899 arg1 resistance 1908:1917 the communal stress resistance 1888:1917 the communal stress resistance of the three species biofilms 1888:1947 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide significantly disrupted the communal stress resistance of the three species biofilms. 26347731 3 10 theme biofilm 566:572 arg1 community 574:582 a defined and experimentally informative mixed species biofilm community 511:582 a defined and experimentally informative mixed species biofilm community 511:582 This study has investigated the roles of alginate, Psl, and Pel during biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa in a defined and experimentally informative mixed species biofilm community, consisting of P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas protegens, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. 26347731 10 11 with biofilms 1799:1806 arg1 protegens 1816:1824 P. protegens 1813:1824 P. protegens (<1%) 1813:1830 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide significantly reduced the percentage composition of P. aeruginosa in dual species biofilms with P. protegens (<1%). 26347731 10 11 with biofilms 1799:1806 arg1 % 1829:1829 <1% 1827:1829 <1% 1827:1829 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide significantly reduced the percentage composition of P. aeruginosa in dual species biofilms with P. protegens (<1%). 26347731 2 12 theme communities 389:399 arg1 development 352:362 the development 348:362 the development of mixed species biofilm communities 348:399 Considerably less is known about their role in the development of mixed species biofilm communities. 26347731 1 13 theme distinct 224:231 arg1 roles 233:237 distinct roles 224:237 distinct roles 224:237 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 produces three polysaccharides, alginate, Psl, and Pel that play distinct roles in attachment and biofilm formation for monospecies biofilms. 26347731 5 14 theme mixed 966:970 arg1 species 972:978 mixed species 966:978 mixed species biofilm development 966:998 In contrast, loss of the Pel polysaccharide had no impact on mixed species biofilm development. 26347731 6 15 theme biofilm 1130:1136 arg1 biofilm 1130:1136 the mixed species biofilm 1112:1136 the mixed species biofilm 1112:1136 Loss of alginate or its overproduction resulted in P. aeruginosa representing 8.4 and 18.11%, respectively, of the mixed species biofilm. 26347731 6 15 theme biofilm 1130:1136 arg1 % 1092:1092 8.4 and 18.11% 1079:1092 8.4 and 18.11% 1079:1092 Loss of alginate or its overproduction resulted in P. aeruginosa representing 8.4 and 18.11%, respectively, of the mixed species biofilm. 26347731 5 16 theme biofilm 980:986 arg1 development 988:998 mixed species biofilm development 966:998 mixed species biofilm development 966:998 In contrast, loss of the Pel polysaccharide had no impact on mixed species biofilm development. 26347731 12 17 dep biofilm 2048:2054 arg1 development 2056:2066 development 2056:2066 development 2056:2066 Thus, the polysaccharide composition of an individual species significantly impacts mixed species biofilm development and the emergent properties of such communities. 26347731 6 18 theme mixed 1116:1120 arg1 biofilm 1130:1136 the mixed species biofilm 1112:1136 the mixed species biofilm 1112:1136 Loss of alginate or its overproduction resulted in P. aeruginosa representing 8.4 and 18.11%, respectively, of the mixed species biofilm. 26347731 4 19 dep wild-type 874:882 arg1 WT 885:886 WT 885:886 WT 885:886 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide had the biggest impact on the integration of P. aeruginosa in the mixed species biofilms, where the percent composition of the psl mutant was significantly lower (0.06%) than its wild-type (WT) parent (2.44%). 26347731 4 20 theme biggest 703:709 arg1 impact 711:716 the biggest impact 699:716 the biggest impact on the integration of P. aeruginosa in the mixed species biofilms, where the percent composition of the psl mutant was significantly lower (0.06%) than its wild-type (WT) parent (2.44%) 699:902 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide had the biggest impact on the integration of P. aeruginosa in the mixed species biofilms, where the percent composition of the psl mutant was significantly lower (0.06%) than its wild-type (WT) parent (2.44%). 26347731 0 21 theme community 87:95 arg1 development 97:107 mixed species biofilm community development 65:107 mixed species biofilm community development 65:107 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 exopolysaccharides are important for mixed species biofilm community development and stress tolerance. 26347731 4 22 theme mixed 761:765 arg1 biofilms 775:782 the mixed species biofilms 757:782 the mixed species biofilms 757:782 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide had the biggest impact on the integration of P. aeruginosa in the mixed species biofilms, where the percent composition of the psl mutant was significantly lower (0.06%) than its wild-type (WT) parent (2.44%). 26347731 12 23 theme communities 2104:2114 arg1 properties 2085:2094 the emergent properties 2072:2094 the emergent properties of such communities 2072:2114 Thus, the polysaccharide composition of an individual species significantly impacts mixed species biofilm development and the emergent properties of such communities. 26347731 12 23 theme communities 2104:2114 arg1 biofilm 2048:2054 mixed species biofilm development and the emergent properties of such communities 2034:2114 biofilm 2048:2054 Thus, the polysaccharide composition of an individual species significantly impacts mixed species biofilm development and the emergent properties of such communities. 26347731 1 24 dep Pseudomonas 131:141 arg1 aeruginosa 143:152 aeruginosa 143:152 aeruginosa 143:152 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 produces three polysaccharides, alginate, Psl, and Pel that play distinct roles in attachment and biofilm formation for monospecies biofilms. 26347731 8 25 theme Pel 1397:1399 arg1 polysaccharides 1413:1427 the Pel or alginate polysaccharides 1393:1427 polysaccharides 1413:1427 When P. aeruginosa was grown with P. protegens, loss of the Pel or alginate polysaccharides resulted in biofilms that were not significantly different from biofilms formed by the WT PAO1. 26347731 0 26 theme biofilm 79:85 arg1 development 97:107 mixed species biofilm community development 65:107 mixed species biofilm community development 65:107 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 exopolysaccharides are important for mixed species biofilm community development and stress tolerance. 26347731 8 27 theme alginate 1404:1411 arg1 polysaccharides 1413:1427 the Pel or alginate polysaccharides 1393:1427 polysaccharides 1413:1427 When P. aeruginosa was grown with P. protegens, loss of the Pel or alginate polysaccharides resulted in biofilms that were not significantly different from biofilms formed by the WT PAO1. 26347731 3 28 theme Pel 462:464 arg1 roles 434:438 the roles 430:438 the roles of alginate, Psl, and Pel during biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa 430:506 This study has investigated the roles of alginate, Psl, and Pel during biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa in a defined and experimentally informative mixed species biofilm community, consisting of P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas protegens, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. 26347731 0 29 theme species 71:77 arg1 development 97:107 mixed species biofilm community development 65:107 mixed species biofilm community development 65:107 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 exopolysaccharides are important for mixed species biofilm community development and stress tolerance. 26347731 12 30 theme species 2040:2046 arg1 biofilm 2048:2054 mixed species biofilm development and the emergent properties of such communities 2034:2114 biofilm 2048:2054 Thus, the polysaccharide composition of an individual species significantly impacts mixed species biofilm development and the emergent properties of such communities. 26347731 3 31 theme biofilm 473:479 arg1 formation 481:489 biofilm formation 473:489 biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa 473:506 This study has investigated the roles of alginate, Psl, and Pel during biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa in a defined and experimentally informative mixed species biofilm community, consisting of P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas protegens, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. 26347731 10 32 theme Psl 1698:1700 arg1 polysaccharide 1702:1715 the Psl polysaccharide 1694:1715 the Psl polysaccharide 1694:1715 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide significantly reduced the percentage composition of P. aeruginosa in dual species biofilms with P. protegens (<1%). 26347731 4 33 theme percent 795:801 arg1 lower 851:855 lower 851:855 lower 851:855 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide had the biggest impact on the integration of P. aeruginosa in the mixed species biofilms, where the percent composition of the psl mutant was significantly lower (0.06%) than its wild-type (WT) parent (2.44%). 26347731 4 33 theme percent 795:801 arg1 composition 803:813 the percent composition 791:813 the percent composition of the psl mutant 791:831 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide had the biggest impact on the integration of P. aeruginosa in the mixed species biofilms, where the percent composition of the psl mutant was significantly lower (0.06%) than its wild-type (WT) parent (2.44%). 26347731 2 34 theme biofilm 381:387 arg1 communities 389:399 mixed species biofilm communities 367:399 mixed species biofilm communities 367:399 Considerably less is known about their role in the development of mixed species biofilm communities. 26347731 4 35 from impact 711:716 arg1 integration 725:735 the integration 721:735 the integration of P. aeruginosa 721:752 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide had the biggest impact on the integration of P. aeruginosa in the mixed species biofilms, where the percent composition of the psl mutant was significantly lower (0.06%) than its wild-type (WT) parent (2.44%). 26347731 4 35 from impact 711:716 arg1 biofilms 775:782 the mixed species biofilms 757:782 the mixed species biofilms 757:782 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide had the biggest impact on the integration of P. aeruginosa in the mixed species biofilms, where the percent composition of the psl mutant was significantly lower (0.06%) than its wild-type (WT) parent (2.44%). 26347731 5 36 theme polysaccharide 934:947 arg1 loss 918:921 loss 918:921 loss of the Pel polysaccharide 918:947 In contrast, loss of the Pel polysaccharide had no impact on mixed species biofilm development. 26347731 6 37 theme overproduction 1025:1038 arg1 Loss 1001:1004 Loss 1001:1004 Loss of alginate or its overproduction 1001:1038 Loss of alginate or its overproduction resulted in P. aeruginosa representing 8.4 and 18.11%, respectively, of the mixed species biofilm. 26347731 2 38 theme mixed 367:371 arg1 communities 389:399 mixed species biofilm communities 367:399 mixed species biofilm communities 367:399 Considerably less is known about their role in the development of mixed species biofilm communities. 26347731 1 39 theme biofilm 257:263 arg1 formation 265:273 biofilm formation 257:273 biofilm formation for monospecies biofilms 257:298 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 produces three polysaccharides, alginate, Psl, and Pel that play distinct roles in attachment and biofilm formation for monospecies biofilms. 26347731 4 40 contain had 695:697 arg2 impact 711:716 the biggest impact 699:716 the biggest impact on the integration of P. aeruginosa in the mixed species biofilms, where the percent composition of the psl mutant was significantly lower (0.06%) than its wild-type (WT) parent (2.44%) 699:902 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide had the biggest impact on the integration of P. aeruginosa in the mixed species biofilms, where the percent composition of the psl mutant was significantly lower (0.06%) than its wild-type (WT) parent (2.44%). 26347731 4 40 contain had 695:697 arg1 Loss 664:667 Loss 664:667 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide 664:693 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide had the biggest impact on the integration of P. aeruginosa in the mixed species biofilms, where the percent composition of the psl mutant was significantly lower (0.06%) than its wild-type (WT) parent (2.44%). 26347731 9 41 dep higher 1658:1663 arg1 % 1682:1682 5-20% 1678:1682 5-20% 1678:1682 In contrast, overproduction of alginate resulted in biofilms that were comprised of 35-40% of P. aeruginosa, which was significantly higher than the WT (5-20%). 26347731 4 42 theme psl 822:824 arg1 mutant 826:831 the psl mutant 818:831 the psl mutant 818:831 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide had the biggest impact on the integration of P. aeruginosa in the mixed species biofilms, where the percent composition of the psl mutant was significantly lower (0.06%) than its wild-type (WT) parent (2.44%). 26347731 3 43 theme informative 540:550 arg1 community 574:582 a defined and experimentally informative mixed species biofilm community 511:582 a defined and experimentally informative mixed species biofilm community 511:582 This study has investigated the roles of alginate, Psl, and Pel during biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa in a defined and experimentally informative mixed species biofilm community, consisting of P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas protegens, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. 26347731 11 44 theme biofilms 1940:1947 arg1 resistance 1908:1917 the communal stress resistance 1888:1917 the communal stress resistance of the three species biofilms 1888:1947 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide significantly disrupted the communal stress resistance of the three species biofilms. 26347731 7 45 theme parent 1322:1327 arg1 strain 1329:1334 its parent strain 1318:1334 its parent strain 1318:1334 Dual species biofilms of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were not affected by loss of alginate, Pel, or Psl, while the mucoid P. aeruginosa strain achieved a greater biomass than its parent strain. 26347731 4 46 theme mutant 826:831 arg1 lower 851:855 lower 851:855 lower 851:855 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide had the biggest impact on the integration of P. aeruginosa in the mixed species biofilms, where the percent composition of the psl mutant was significantly lower (0.06%) than its wild-type (WT) parent (2.44%). 26347731 4 46 theme mutant 826:831 arg1 composition 803:813 the percent composition 791:813 the percent composition of the psl mutant 791:831 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide had the biggest impact on the integration of P. aeruginosa in the mixed species biofilms, where the percent composition of the psl mutant was significantly lower (0.06%) than its wild-type (WT) parent (2.44%). 26347731 7 47 theme Dual 1139:1142 arg1 biofilms 1152:1159 Dual species biofilms 1139:1159 Dual species biofilms of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae 1139:1194 Dual species biofilms of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were not affected by loss of alginate, Pel, or Psl, while the mucoid P. aeruginosa strain achieved a greater biomass than its parent strain. 26347731 11 48 theme polysaccharide 1849:1862 arg1 Loss 1833:1836 Loss 1833:1836 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide 1833:1862 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide significantly disrupted the communal stress resistance of the three species biofilms. 26347731 7 49 dep P. 1265:1266 arg1 aeruginosa 1268:1277 aeruginosa 1268:1277 aeruginosa 1268:1277 Dual species biofilms of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were not affected by loss of alginate, Pel, or Psl, while the mucoid P. aeruginosa strain achieved a greater biomass than its parent strain. 26347731 9 50 theme alginate 1556:1563 arg1 overproduction 1538:1551 overproduction 1538:1551 overproduction of alginate 1538:1563 In contrast, overproduction of alginate resulted in biofilms that were comprised of 35-40% of P. aeruginosa, which was significantly higher than the WT (5-20%). 26347731 7 51 theme greater 1297:1303 arg1 biomass 1305:1311 a greater biomass 1295:1311 a greater biomass 1295:1311 Dual species biofilms of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were not affected by loss of alginate, Pel, or Psl, while the mucoid P. aeruginosa strain achieved a greater biomass than its parent strain. 26347731 12 52 theme polysaccharide 1960:1973 arg1 composition 1975:1985 the polysaccharide composition 1956:1985 the polysaccharide composition of an individual species 1956:2010 Thus, the polysaccharide composition of an individual species significantly impacts mixed species biofilm development and the emergent properties of such communities. 26347731 8 53 from biofilms 1493:1500 arg1 different 1478:1486 different 1478:1486 different 1478:1486 When P. aeruginosa was grown with P. protegens, loss of the Pel or alginate polysaccharides resulted in biofilms that were not significantly different from biofilms formed by the WT PAO1. 26347731 3 54 theme species 558:564 arg1 community 574:582 a defined and experimentally informative mixed species biofilm community 511:582 a defined and experimentally informative mixed species biofilm community 511:582 This study has investigated the roles of alginate, Psl, and Pel during biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa in a defined and experimentally informative mixed species biofilm community, consisting of P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas protegens, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. 26347731 10 55 from composition 1754:1764 arg1 biofilms 1799:1806 dual species biofilms 1786:1806 dual species biofilms with P. protegens (<1%) 1786:1830 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide significantly reduced the percentage composition of P. aeruginosa in dual species biofilms with P. protegens (<1%). 26347731 11 56 theme stress 1901:1906 arg1 resistance 1908:1917 the communal stress resistance 1888:1917 the communal stress resistance of the three species biofilms 1888:1947 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide significantly disrupted the communal stress resistance of the three species biofilms. 26347731 3 57 theme aeruginosa 497:506 arg1 formation 481:489 biofilm formation 473:489 biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa 473:506 This study has investigated the roles of alginate, Psl, and Pel during biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa in a defined and experimentally informative mixed species biofilm community, consisting of P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas protegens, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. 26347731 10 58 theme species 1791:1797 arg1 biofilms 1799:1806 dual species biofilms 1786:1806 dual species biofilms with P. protegens (<1%) 1786:1830 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide significantly reduced the percentage composition of P. aeruginosa in dual species biofilms with P. protegens (<1%). 26347731 1 59 theme Pseudomonas 131:141 arg1 PAO1 154:157 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 131:157 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 131:157 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 produces three polysaccharides, alginate, Psl, and Pel that play distinct roles in attachment and biofilm formation for monospecies biofilms. 26347731 7 60 theme mucoid 1258:1263 arg1 strain 1279:1284 the mucoid P. aeruginosa strain 1254:1284 the mucoid P. aeruginosa strain 1254:1284 Dual species biofilms of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were not affected by loss of alginate, Pel, or Psl, while the mucoid P. aeruginosa strain achieved a greater biomass than its parent strain. 26347731 5 61 theme species 972:978 arg1 development 988:998 mixed species biofilm development 966:998 mixed species biofilm development 966:998 In contrast, loss of the Pel polysaccharide had no impact on mixed species biofilm development. 26347731 4 62 theme wild-type 874:882 arg1 parent 889:894 its wild-type (WT) parent 870:894 its wild-type (WT) parent 870:894 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide had the biggest impact on the integration of P. aeruginosa in the mixed species biofilms, where the percent composition of the psl mutant was significantly lower (0.06%) than its wild-type (WT) parent (2.44%). 26347731 6 63 theme species 1122:1128 arg1 biofilm 1130:1136 the mixed species biofilm 1112:1136 the mixed species biofilm 1112:1136 Loss of alginate or its overproduction resulted in P. aeruginosa representing 8.4 and 18.11%, respectively, of the mixed species biofilm. 26347731 7 64 theme species 1144:1150 arg1 biofilms 1152:1159 Dual species biofilms 1139:1159 Dual species biofilms of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae 1139:1194 Dual species biofilms of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were not affected by loss of alginate, Pel, or Psl, while the mucoid P. aeruginosa strain achieved a greater biomass than its parent strain. 26347731 7 65 theme Psl 1243:1245 arg1 loss 1217:1220 loss 1217:1220 loss of alginate, Pel, or Psl 1217:1245 Dual species biofilms of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were not affected by loss of alginate, Pel, or Psl, while the mucoid P. aeruginosa strain achieved a greater biomass than its parent strain. 26347731 4 66 theme polysaccharide 680:693 arg1 Loss 664:667 Loss 664:667 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide 664:693 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide had the biggest impact on the integration of P. aeruginosa in the mixed species biofilms, where the percent composition of the psl mutant was significantly lower (0.06%) than its wild-type (WT) parent (2.44%). 26347731 9 67 theme aeruginosa 1622:1631 arg1 % 1614:1614 35-40% 1609:1614 35-40% 1609:1614 In contrast, overproduction of alginate resulted in biofilms that were comprised of 35-40% of P. aeruginosa, which was significantly higher than the WT (5-20%). 26347731 9 67 theme aeruginosa 1622:1631 arg1 aeruginosa 1622:1631 P. aeruginosa 1619:1631 P. aeruginosa 1619:1631 In contrast, overproduction of alginate resulted in biofilms that were comprised of 35-40% of P. aeruginosa, which was significantly higher than the WT (5-20%). 26347731 0 68 theme stress 113:118 arg1 tolerance 120:128 stress tolerance 113:128 stress tolerance 113:128 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 exopolysaccharides are important for mixed species biofilm community development and stress tolerance. 26347731 7 69 dep K. 1182:1183 arg1 pneumoniae 1185:1194 K. pneumoniae 1182:1194 K. pneumoniae 1182:1194 Dual species biofilms of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were not affected by loss of alginate, Pel, or Psl, while the mucoid P. aeruginosa strain achieved a greater biomass than its parent strain. 26347731 11 70 theme Psl 1845:1847 arg1 polysaccharide 1849:1862 the Psl polysaccharide 1841:1862 the Psl polysaccharide 1841:1862 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide significantly disrupted the communal stress resistance of the three species biofilms. 26347731 12 71 theme emergent 2076:2083 arg1 properties 2085:2094 the emergent properties 2072:2094 the emergent properties of such communities 2072:2114 Thus, the polysaccharide composition of an individual species significantly impacts mixed species biofilm development and the emergent properties of such communities. 26347731 6 72 theme alginate 1009:1016 arg1 Loss 1001:1004 Loss 1001:1004 Loss of alginate or its overproduction 1001:1038 Loss of alginate or its overproduction resulted in P. aeruginosa representing 8.4 and 18.11%, respectively, of the mixed species biofilm. 26347731 4 73 theme species 767:773 arg1 biofilms 775:782 the mixed species biofilms 757:782 the mixed species biofilms 757:782 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide had the biggest impact on the integration of P. aeruginosa in the mixed species biofilms, where the percent composition of the psl mutant was significantly lower (0.06%) than its wild-type (WT) parent (2.44%). 26347731 3 74 theme Psl 453:455 arg1 roles 434:438 the roles 430:438 the roles of alginate, Psl, and Pel during biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa 430:506 This study has investigated the roles of alginate, Psl, and Pel during biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa in a defined and experimentally informative mixed species biofilm community, consisting of P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas protegens, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. 26347731 4 75 dep lower 851:855 arg1 % 862:862 0.06% 858:862 0.06% 858:862 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide had the biggest impact on the integration of P. aeruginosa in the mixed species biofilms, where the percent composition of the psl mutant was significantly lower (0.06%) than its wild-type (WT) parent (2.44%). 26347731 4 75 dep lower 851:855 arg1 % 901:901 2.44% 897:901 2.44% 897:901 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide had the biggest impact on the integration of P. aeruginosa in the mixed species biofilms, where the percent composition of the psl mutant was significantly lower (0.06%) than its wild-type (WT) parent (2.44%). 26347731 7 76 theme alginate 1225:1232 arg1 loss 1217:1220 loss 1217:1220 loss of alginate, Pel, or Psl 1217:1245 Dual species biofilms of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were not affected by loss of alginate, Pel, or Psl, while the mucoid P. aeruginosa strain achieved a greater biomass than its parent strain. 26347731 8 77 theme polysaccharides 1413:1427 arg1 loss 1385:1388 loss 1385:1388 loss of the Pel or alginate polysaccharides 1385:1427 When P. aeruginosa was grown with P. protegens, loss of the Pel or alginate polysaccharides resulted in biofilms that were not significantly different from biofilms formed by the WT PAO1. 26347731 3 78 theme alginate 443:450 arg1 roles 434:438 the roles 430:438 the roles of alginate, Psl, and Pel during biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa 430:506 This study has investigated the roles of alginate, Psl, and Pel during biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa in a defined and experimentally informative mixed species biofilm community, consisting of P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas protegens, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. 26347731 12 79 theme species 2004:2010 arg1 composition 1975:1985 the polysaccharide composition 1956:1985 the polysaccharide composition of an individual species 1956:2010 Thus, the polysaccharide composition of an individual species significantly impacts mixed species biofilm development and the emergent properties of such communities. 26347731 7 80 theme P. 1265:1266 arg1 strain 1279:1284 the mucoid P. aeruginosa strain 1254:1284 the mucoid P. aeruginosa strain 1254:1284 Dual species biofilms of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were not affected by loss of alginate, Pel, or Psl, while the mucoid P. aeruginosa strain achieved a greater biomass than its parent strain. 26347731 12 81 theme such 2099:2102 arg1 communities 2104:2114 such communities 2099:2114 such communities 2099:2114 Thus, the polysaccharide composition of an individual species significantly impacts mixed species biofilm development and the emergent properties of such communities. 26347731 4 82 theme aeruginosa 743:752 arg1 integration 725:735 the integration 721:735 the integration of P. aeruginosa 721:752 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide had the biggest impact on the integration of P. aeruginosa in the mixed species biofilms, where the percent composition of the psl mutant was significantly lower (0.06%) than its wild-type (WT) parent (2.44%). 26347731 7 83 theme Pel 1235:1237 arg1 loss 1217:1220 loss 1217:1220 loss of alginate, Pel, or Psl 1217:1245 Dual species biofilms of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were not affected by loss of alginate, Pel, or Psl, while the mucoid P. aeruginosa strain achieved a greater biomass than its parent strain. 26347731 0 84 theme mixed 65:69 arg1 development 97:107 mixed species biofilm community development 65:107 mixed species biofilm community development 65:107 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 exopolysaccharides are important for mixed species biofilm community development and stress tolerance. 26347731 12 85 theme mixed 2034:2038 arg1 biofilm 2048:2054 mixed species biofilm development and the emergent properties of such communities 2034:2114 biofilm 2048:2054 Thus, the polysaccharide composition of an individual species significantly impacts mixed species biofilm development and the emergent properties of such communities. 26347731 7 86 theme K. 1182:1183 arg1 biofilms 1152:1159 Dual species biofilms 1139:1159 Dual species biofilms of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae 1139:1194 Dual species biofilms of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were not affected by loss of alginate, Pel, or Psl, while the mucoid P. aeruginosa strain achieved a greater biomass than its parent strain. 26347731 10 87 theme polysaccharide 1702:1715 arg1 Loss 1686:1689 Loss 1686:1689 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide 1686:1715 Loss of the Psl polysaccharide significantly reduced the percentage composition of P. aeruginosa in dual species biofilms with P. protegens (<1%). 26347731 2 88 theme species 373:379 arg1 communities 389:399 mixed species biofilm communities 367:399 mixed species biofilm communities 367:399 Considerably less is known about their role in the development of mixed species biofilm communities. 26347731 5 89 theme Pel 930:932 arg1 polysaccharide 934:947 the Pel polysaccharide 926:947 the Pel polysaccharide 926:947 In contrast, loss of the Pel polysaccharide had no impact on mixed species biofilm development. 26347731 7 90 theme aeruginosa 1167:1176 arg1 biofilms 1152:1159 Dual species biofilms 1139:1159 Dual species biofilms of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae 1139:1194 Dual species biofilms of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were not affected by loss of alginate, Pel, or Psl, while the mucoid P. aeruginosa strain achieved a greater biomass than its parent strain. 26347731 5 91 contain had 949:951 arg2 impact 956:961 no impact 953:961 no impact 953:961 In contrast, loss of the Pel polysaccharide had no impact on mixed species biofilm development. 26347731 5 91 contain had 949:951 arg1 loss 918:921 loss 918:921 loss of the Pel polysaccharide 918:947 In contrast, loss of the Pel polysaccharide had no impact on mixed species biofilm development. 26347731 12 92 theme individual 1993:2002 arg1 species 2004:2010 an individual species 1990:2010 an individual species 1990:2010 Thus, the polysaccharide composition of an individual species significantly impacts mixed species biofilm development and the emergent properties of such communities. 26347731 3 93 theme defined 513:519 arg1 community 574:582 a defined and experimentally informative mixed species biofilm community 511:582 a defined and experimentally informative mixed species biofilm community 511:582 This study has investigated the roles of alginate, Psl, and Pel during biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa in a defined and experimentally informative mixed species biofilm community, consisting of P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas protegens, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. 28477239 0 0 theme Gas 85:87 arg1 Vesicles 89:96 the Gas Vesicles 81:96 the Gas Vesicles 81:96 Buoyancy Limitation of Filamentous Cyanobacteria under Prolonged Pressure due to the Gas Vesicles Collapse. 28477239 6 1 theme Pseudanabaena 898:910 arg1 cells 920:924 Pseudanabaena galeata cells 898:924 Pseudanabaena galeata cells 898:924 Elevated pressure conditions reduced the cell ballast and caused a complete disappearance of gas vesicles in Pseudanabaena galeata cells. 28477239 3 2 theme cells 489:493 arg1 morphology 475:484 gas vesicles morphology 462:484 gas vesicles morphology of cells 462:493 Variations in gas vesicles morphology of cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy images. 28477239 6 3 theme pressure 798:805 arg1 conditions 807:816 Elevated pressure conditions 789:816 Elevated pressure conditions 789:816 Elevated pressure conditions reduced the cell ballast and caused a complete disappearance of gas vesicles in Pseudanabaena galeata cells. 28477239 5 4 theme prolonged 697:705 arg1 pressure 707:714 the prolonged pressure 693:714 the prolonged pressure 693:714 Moreover, effects of the prolonged pressure on cell ballast composition (protein and polysaccharides) were examined. 28477239 6 5 theme vesicles 886:893 arg1 disappearance 865:877 a complete disappearance 854:877 a complete disappearance of gas vesicles in Pseudanabaena galeata cells 854:924 Elevated pressure conditions reduced the cell ballast and caused a complete disappearance of gas vesicles in Pseudanabaena galeata cells. 28477239 6 6 theme Elevated 789:796 arg1 conditions 807:816 Elevated pressure conditions 789:816 Elevated pressure conditions 789:816 Elevated pressure conditions reduced the cell ballast and caused a complete disappearance of gas vesicles in Pseudanabaena galeata cells. 28477239 4 7 theme cells 579:583 arg1 velocity 562:569 Settling velocity 553:569 Settling velocity 553:569 Settling velocity (Vs) of cells which governs the buoyancy was observed with the aid of a modified optical microscope. 28477239 5 8 theme pressure 707:714 arg1 effects 682:688 effects 682:688 effects of the prolonged pressure on cell ballast composition (protein and polysaccharides) 682:772 Moreover, effects of the prolonged pressure on cell ballast composition (protein and polysaccharides) were examined. 28477239 6 9 theme gas 882:884 arg1 vesicles 886:893 gas vesicles 882:893 gas vesicles 882:893 Elevated pressure conditions reduced the cell ballast and caused a complete disappearance of gas vesicles in Pseudanabaena galeata cells. 28477239 2 10 theme vesicles 310:317 arg1 volume 319:324 gas vesicles volume 306:324 gas vesicles volume 306:324 Variations occurred in gas vesicles volume, and buoyancy state of cells under those conditions were analyzed at different time intervals (5 min, 1 day, and 5 days). 28477239 5 11 from effects 682:688 arg1 composition 732:742 cell ballast composition 719:742 cell ballast composition (protein and polysaccharides) 719:772 Moreover, effects of the prolonged pressure on cell ballast composition (protein and polysaccharides) were examined. 28477239 0 12 dep Collapse 98:105 arg1 Limitation 9:18 Buoyancy Limitation 0:18 Buoyancy Limitation of Filamentous Cyanobacteria under Prolonged Pressure due to the Gas Vesicles 0:96 Buoyancy Limitation of Filamentous Cyanobacteria under Prolonged Pressure due to the Gas Vesicles Collapse. 28477239 4 13 theme modified 643:650 arg1 microscope 660:669 a modified optical microscope 641:669 a modified optical microscope 641:669 Settling velocity (Vs) of cells which governs the buoyancy was observed with the aid of a modified optical microscope. 28477239 5 14 theme cell 719:722 arg1 composition 732:742 cell ballast composition 719:742 cell ballast composition (protein and polysaccharides) 719:772 Moreover, effects of the prolonged pressure on cell ballast composition (protein and polysaccharides) were examined. 28477239 8 15 theme study 1034:1038 arg1 findings 1018:1025 findings 1018:1025 findings 1018:1025 Observations and findings of the study indicate the potential application of hydrostatic pressure, which naturally occurred in hypolimnion of lakes, to inhibit the re-suspension of cyanobacteria cells. 28477239 8 15 theme study 1034:1038 arg1 Observations 1001:1012 Observations 1001:1012 Observations 1001:1012 Observations and findings of the study indicate the potential application of hydrostatic pressure, which naturally occurred in hypolimnion of lakes, to inhibit the re-suspension of cyanobacteria cells. 28477239 3 16 theme electron 525:532 arg1 microscopy 534:543 transmission electron microscopy 512:543 transmission electron microscopy 512:543 Variations in gas vesicles morphology of cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy images. 28477239 1 17 theme generated 201:209 arg1 pressures 211:219 artificially generated pressures 188:219 artificially generated pressures 188:219 Freshwater cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena galeata were cultured in chambers under artificially generated pressures, which correspond to the hydrostatic pressures at deep water. 28477239 6 18 theme complete 856:863 arg1 disappearance 865:877 a complete disappearance 854:877 a complete disappearance of gas vesicles in Pseudanabaena galeata cells 854:924 Elevated pressure conditions reduced the cell ballast and caused a complete disappearance of gas vesicles in Pseudanabaena galeata cells. 28477239 8 19 theme potential 1053:1061 arg1 application 1063:1073 the potential application 1049:1073 the potential application of hydrostatic pressure, which naturally occurred in hypolimnion of lakes, to inhibit the re-suspension of cyanobacteria cells 1049:1200 Observations and findings of the study indicate the potential application of hydrostatic pressure, which naturally occurred in hypolimnion of lakes, to inhibit the re-suspension of cyanobacteria cells. 28477239 7 20 theme cyanobacteria 933:945 arg1 cells 947:951 cyanobacteria cells 933:951 cyanobacteria cells 933:951 Hence cyanobacteria cells were not able to float within the study period. 28477239 2 21 theme time 405:408 arg1 intervals 410:418 different time intervals 395:418 different time intervals (5 min, 1 day, and 5 days) 395:445 Variations occurred in gas vesicles volume, and buoyancy state of cells under those conditions were analyzed at different time intervals (5 min, 1 day, and 5 days). 28477239 2 21 theme time 405:408 arg1 5 min 421:425 5 min 421:425 5 min 421:425 Variations occurred in gas vesicles volume, and buoyancy state of cells under those conditions were analyzed at different time intervals (5 min, 1 day, and 5 days). 28477239 2 21 theme time 405:408 arg1 day 430:432 1 day 428:432 1 day 428:432 Variations occurred in gas vesicles volume, and buoyancy state of cells under those conditions were analyzed at different time intervals (5 min, 1 day, and 5 days). 28477239 0 22 theme Buoyancy 0:7 arg1 Limitation 9:18 Buoyancy Limitation 0:18 Buoyancy Limitation of Filamentous Cyanobacteria under Prolonged Pressure due to the Gas Vesicles 0:96 Buoyancy Limitation of Filamentous Cyanobacteria under Prolonged Pressure due to the Gas Vesicles Collapse. 28477239 4 23 theme Settling 553:560 arg1 velocity 562:569 Settling velocity 553:569 Settling velocity 553:569 Settling velocity (Vs) of cells which governs the buoyancy was observed with the aid of a modified optical microscope. 28477239 2 24 theme buoyancy 331:338 arg1 state 340:344 buoyancy state 331:344 buoyancy state of cells under those conditions 331:376 Variations occurred in gas vesicles volume, and buoyancy state of cells under those conditions were analyzed at different time intervals (5 min, 1 day, and 5 days). 28477239 8 25 theme lakes 1143:1147 arg1 hypolimnion 1128:1138 hypolimnion 1128:1138 hypolimnion of lakes 1128:1147 Observations and findings of the study indicate the potential application of hydrostatic pressure, which naturally occurred in hypolimnion of lakes, to inhibit the re-suspension of cyanobacteria cells. 28477239 2 26 theme different 395:403 arg1 intervals 410:418 different time intervals 395:418 different time intervals (5 min, 1 day, and 5 days) 395:445 Variations occurred in gas vesicles volume, and buoyancy state of cells under those conditions were analyzed at different time intervals (5 min, 1 day, and 5 days). 28477239 2 26 theme different 395:403 arg1 5 min 421:425 5 min 421:425 5 min 421:425 Variations occurred in gas vesicles volume, and buoyancy state of cells under those conditions were analyzed at different time intervals (5 min, 1 day, and 5 days). 28477239 2 26 theme different 395:403 arg1 day 430:432 1 day 428:432 1 day 428:432 Variations occurred in gas vesicles volume, and buoyancy state of cells under those conditions were analyzed at different time intervals (5 min, 1 day, and 5 days). 28477239 0 27 theme Filamentous 23:33 arg1 Cyanobacteria 35:47 Filamentous Cyanobacteria 23:47 Filamentous Cyanobacteria 23:47 Buoyancy Limitation of Filamentous Cyanobacteria under Prolonged Pressure due to the Gas Vesicles Collapse. 28477239 8 28 theme cyanobacteria 1182:1194 arg1 cells 1196:1200 cyanobacteria cells 1182:1200 cyanobacteria cells 1182:1200 Observations and findings of the study indicate the potential application of hydrostatic pressure, which naturally occurred in hypolimnion of lakes, to inhibit the re-suspension of cyanobacteria cells. 28477239 3 29 theme transmission 512:523 arg1 microscopy 534:543 transmission electron microscopy 512:543 transmission electron microscopy 512:543 Variations in gas vesicles morphology of cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy images. 28477239 1 30 theme Freshwater 108:117 arg1 cyanobacterium 119:132 Freshwater cyanobacterium 108:132 Freshwater cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena galeata 108:154 Freshwater cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena galeata were cultured in chambers under artificially generated pressures, which correspond to the hydrostatic pressures at deep water. 28477239 1 31 from water 276:280 arg1 pressures 258:266 the hydrostatic pressures 242:266 the hydrostatic pressures at deep water 242:280 Freshwater cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena galeata were cultured in chambers under artificially generated pressures, which correspond to the hydrostatic pressures at deep water. 28477239 4 32 dep the 630:632 arg1 aid 634:636 aid 634:636 aid 634:636 Settling velocity (Vs) of cells which governs the buoyancy was observed with the aid of a modified optical microscope. 28477239 0 33 theme Cyanobacteria 35:47 arg1 Limitation 9:18 Buoyancy Limitation 0:18 Buoyancy Limitation of Filamentous Cyanobacteria under Prolonged Pressure due to the Gas Vesicles 0:96 Buoyancy Limitation of Filamentous Cyanobacteria under Prolonged Pressure due to the Gas Vesicles Collapse. 28477239 5 34 dep composition 732:742 arg1 polysaccharides 757:771 polysaccharides 757:771 polysaccharides 757:771 Moreover, effects of the prolonged pressure on cell ballast composition (protein and polysaccharides) were examined. 28477239 5 34 dep composition 732:742 arg1 protein 745:751 protein 745:751 protein 745:751 Moreover, effects of the prolonged pressure on cell ballast composition (protein and polysaccharides) were examined. 28477239 8 35 theme cells 1196:1200 arg1 re-suspension 1165:1177 the re-suspension 1161:1177 the re-suspension of cyanobacteria cells 1161:1200 Observations and findings of the study indicate the potential application of hydrostatic pressure, which naturally occurred in hypolimnion of lakes, to inhibit the re-suspension of cyanobacteria cells. 28477239 6 36 from disappearance 865:877 arg1 cells 920:924 Pseudanabaena galeata cells 898:924 Pseudanabaena galeata cells 898:924 Elevated pressure conditions reduced the cell ballast and caused a complete disappearance of gas vesicles in Pseudanabaena galeata cells. 28477239 7 37 theme study 987:991 arg1 period 993:998 the study period 983:998 the study period 983:998 Hence cyanobacteria cells were not able to float within the study period. 28477239 0 38 theme Prolonged 55:63 arg1 Pressure 65:72 Prolonged Pressure 55:72 Prolonged Pressure 55:72 Buoyancy Limitation of Filamentous Cyanobacteria under Prolonged Pressure due to the Gas Vesicles Collapse. 28477239 6 39 theme cell 830:833 arg1 ballast 835:841 the cell ballast 826:841 the cell ballast 826:841 Elevated pressure conditions reduced the cell ballast and caused a complete disappearance of gas vesicles in Pseudanabaena galeata cells. 28477239 2 40 theme gas 306:308 arg1 vesicles 310:317 gas vesicles 306:317 gas vesicles volume 306:324 Variations occurred in gas vesicles volume, and buoyancy state of cells under those conditions were analyzed at different time intervals (5 min, 1 day, and 5 days). 28477239 3 41 from Variations 448:457 arg1 morphology 475:484 gas vesicles morphology 462:484 gas vesicles morphology of cells 462:493 Variations in gas vesicles morphology of cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy images. 28477239 8 42 theme pressure 1090:1097 arg1 application 1063:1073 the potential application 1049:1073 the potential application of hydrostatic pressure, which naturally occurred in hypolimnion of lakes, to inhibit the re-suspension of cyanobacteria cells 1049:1200 Observations and findings of the study indicate the potential application of hydrostatic pressure, which naturally occurred in hypolimnion of lakes, to inhibit the re-suspension of cyanobacteria cells. 28477239 2 43 theme cells 349:353 arg1 state 340:344 buoyancy state 331:344 buoyancy state of cells under those conditions 331:376 Variations occurred in gas vesicles volume, and buoyancy state of cells under those conditions were analyzed at different time intervals (5 min, 1 day, and 5 days). 28477239 1 44 theme hydrostatic 246:256 arg1 pressures 258:266 the hydrostatic pressures 242:266 the hydrostatic pressures at deep water 242:280 Freshwater cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena galeata were cultured in chambers under artificially generated pressures, which correspond to the hydrostatic pressures at deep water. 28477239 3 45 theme vesicles 466:473 arg1 morphology 475:484 gas vesicles morphology 462:484 gas vesicles morphology of cells 462:493 Variations in gas vesicles morphology of cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy images. 28477239 3 46 theme gas 462:464 arg1 vesicles 466:473 gas vesicles 462:473 gas vesicles morphology of cells 462:493 Variations in gas vesicles morphology of cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy images. 28477239 5 47 theme ballast 724:730 arg1 composition 732:742 cell ballast composition 719:742 cell ballast composition (protein and polysaccharides) 719:772 Moreover, effects of the prolonged pressure on cell ballast composition (protein and polysaccharides) were examined. 28477239 6 48 theme galeata 912:918 arg1 cells 920:924 Pseudanabaena galeata cells 898:924 Pseudanabaena galeata cells 898:924 Elevated pressure conditions reduced the cell ballast and caused a complete disappearance of gas vesicles in Pseudanabaena galeata cells. 28477239 2 49 dep intervals 410:418 arg1 intervals 410:418 different time intervals 395:418 different time intervals (5 min, 1 day, and 5 days) 395:445 Variations occurred in gas vesicles volume, and buoyancy state of cells under those conditions were analyzed at different time intervals (5 min, 1 day, and 5 days). 28477239 2 49 dep intervals 410:418 arg1 days 441:444 5 days 439:444 5 days 439:444 Variations occurred in gas vesicles volume, and buoyancy state of cells under those conditions were analyzed at different time intervals (5 min, 1 day, and 5 days). 28477239 2 49 dep intervals 410:418 arg1 5 min 421:425 5 min 421:425 5 min 421:425 Variations occurred in gas vesicles volume, and buoyancy state of cells under those conditions were analyzed at different time intervals (5 min, 1 day, and 5 days). 28477239 2 49 dep intervals 410:418 arg1 day 430:432 1 day 428:432 1 day 428:432 Variations occurred in gas vesicles volume, and buoyancy state of cells under those conditions were analyzed at different time intervals (5 min, 1 day, and 5 days). 28477239 4 50 theme optical 652:658 arg1 microscope 660:669 a modified optical microscope 641:669 a modified optical microscope 641:669 Settling velocity (Vs) of cells which governs the buoyancy was observed with the aid of a modified optical microscope. 28477239 8 51 theme hydrostatic 1078:1088 arg1 pressure 1090:1097 hydrostatic pressure 1078:1097 hydrostatic pressure 1078:1097 Observations and findings of the study indicate the potential application of hydrostatic pressure, which naturally occurred in hypolimnion of lakes, to inhibit the re-suspension of cyanobacteria cells. 28477239 1 52 theme deep 271:274 arg1 water 276:280 deep water 271:280 deep water 271:280 Freshwater cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena galeata were cultured in chambers under artificially generated pressures, which correspond to the hydrostatic pressures at deep water. 28379213 15 0 theme gut 1808:1810 arg1 microbiome 1812:1821 gut microbiome 1808:1821 gut microbiome 1808:1821 Our findings show that diet‑induced shift in gut microbiome may disrupt vagal gut‑brain communication resulting in microglia activation and increased body fat accumulation. 28379213 10 1 theme Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes 1242:1265 arg1 ratio 1267:1271 Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio 1242:1271 Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio 1242:1271 HFD altered gut microbiota with increases in Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio and in pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria proliferation. 28379213 4 2 theme high-fat 590:597 arg1 changes 612:618 high-fat diet‑induced changes 590:618 high-fat diet‑induced changes in gut microbiota 590:636 Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that high-fat diet‑induced changes in gut microbiota alter vagal gut-brain communication associated with increased body fat accumulation. 28379213 6 3 theme gut 882:884 arg1 composition 897:907 gut microbiota composition 882:907 gut microbiota composition 882:907 Minocycline was used to manipulate gut microbiota composition. 28379213 1 4 theme energy-dense 181:192 arg1 diets 194:198 energy-dense diets 181:198 energy-dense diets 181:198 Obesity is associated with consumption of energy-dense diets and development of systemic inflammation. 28379213 12 5 theme HFD 1461:1463 arg1 rats 1465:1468 Minocycline-treated HFD rats 1441:1468 Minocycline-treated HFD rats 1441:1468 Minocycline-treated HFD rats exhibited microbiota profile comparable to LFD animals. 28379213 4 6 theme increased 690:698 arg1 fat 705:707 increased body fat 690:707 increased body fat accumulation 690:720 Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that high-fat diet‑induced changes in gut microbiota alter vagal gut-brain communication associated with increased body fat accumulation. 28379213 0 7 theme fat 121:123 arg1 accumulation 125:136 body fat accumulation 116:136 body fat accumulation 116:136 Energy-dense diet triggers changes in gut microbiota, reorganization of gut‑brain vagal communication and increases body fat accumulation. 28379213 8 8 used used 1015:1018 arg2 Immunofluorescence 971:988 Immunofluorescence 971:988 Immunofluorescence against IB4 and Iba1 971:1009 Immunofluorescence against IB4 and Iba1 was used to determine NTS reorganization and microglia activation. 28379213 4 9 theme gut-brain 650:658 arg1 communication 660:672 vagal gut-brain communication 644:672 vagal gut-brain communication associated with increased body fat accumulation 644:720 Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that high-fat diet‑induced changes in gut microbiota alter vagal gut-brain communication associated with increased body fat accumulation. 28379213 1 10 theme inflammation 228:239 arg1 development 204:214 development 204:214 development of systemic inflammation 204:239 Obesity is associated with consumption of energy-dense diets and development of systemic inflammation. 28379213 1 10 theme inflammation 228:239 arg1 consumption 166:176 consumption 166:176 consumption of energy-dense diets 166:198 Obesity is associated with consumption of energy-dense diets and development of systemic inflammation. 28379213 11 11 theme weight 1428:1433 arg1 gain 1435:1438 weight gain 1428:1438 weight gain 1428:1438 HFD triggered reorganization of vagal afferents and microglia activation in the NTS, associated with weight gain. 28379213 10 12 from increases 1229:1237 arg1 proliferation 1312:1324 pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria proliferation 1280:1324 pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria proliferation 1280:1324 HFD altered gut microbiota with increases in Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio and in pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria proliferation. 28379213 10 12 from increases 1229:1237 arg1 ratio 1267:1271 Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio 1242:1271 Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio 1242:1271 HFD altered gut microbiota with increases in Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio and in pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria proliferation. 28379213 14 13 theme HFD 1705:1707 arg1 rats 1709:1712 HFD rats 1705:1712 HFD rats 1705:1712 Proteobacteria isolated from cecum of HFD rats were toxic to vagal afferent neurons in culture. 28379213 10 14 theme pro-inflammatory 1280:1295 arg1 proliferation 1312:1324 pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria proliferation 1280:1324 pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria proliferation 1280:1324 HFD altered gut microbiota with increases in Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio and in pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria proliferation. 28379213 4 15 theme fat 705:707 arg1 accumulation 709:720 increased body fat accumulation 690:720 increased body fat accumulation 690:720 Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that high-fat diet‑induced changes in gut microbiota alter vagal gut-brain communication associated with increased body fat accumulation. 28379213 13 16 theme body 1644:1647 arg1 fat 1649:1651 body fat 1644:1651 body fat accumulation 1644:1664 Minocycline suppressed HFD‑induced reorganization of vagal afferents and microglia activation in the NTS, and reduced body fat accumulation. 28379213 11 17 theme vagal 1359:1363 arg1 afferents 1365:1373 vagal afferents 1359:1373 vagal afferents 1359:1373 HFD triggered reorganization of vagal afferents and microglia activation in the NTS, associated with weight gain. 28379213 15 18 theme gut‑brain 1841:1849 arg1 communication 1851:1863 vagal gut‑brain communication 1835:1863 vagal gut‑brain communication 1835:1863 Our findings show that diet‑induced shift in gut microbiome may disrupt vagal gut‑brain communication resulting in microglia activation and increased body fat accumulation. 28379213 0 19 theme gut‑brain 72:80 arg1 communication 88:100 gut‑brain vagal communication 72:100 gut‑brain vagal communication 72:100 Energy-dense diet triggers changes in gut microbiota, reorganization of gut‑brain vagal communication and increases body fat accumulation. 28379213 8 20 theme NTS 1033:1035 arg1 reorganization 1037:1050 NTS reorganization 1033:1050 NTS reorganization 1033:1050 Immunofluorescence against IB4 and Iba1 was used to determine NTS reorganization and microglia activation. 28379213 0 21 theme communication 88:100 arg1 reorganization 54:67 reorganization 54:67 reorganization of gut‑brain vagal communication 54:100 Energy-dense diet triggers changes in gut microbiota, reorganization of gut‑brain vagal communication and increases body fat accumulation. 28379213 0 21 theme communication 88:100 arg1 microbiota 42:51 gut microbiota 38:51 gut microbiota 38:51 Energy-dense diet triggers changes in gut microbiota, reorganization of gut‑brain vagal communication and increases body fat accumulation. 28379213 7 22 theme microbiota 947:956 arg1 composition 958:968 microbiota composition 947:968 microbiota composition 947:968 16S Sequencing was used to determine microbiota composition. 28379213 9 23 theme LFD 1098:1100 arg1 rats 1102:1105 LFD rats 1098:1105 LFD rats 1098:1105 Nodose ganglia from LFD rats were isolated and co-cultured with different bacteria strains to determine neurotoxicity. 28379213 14 24 theme vagal 1728:1732 arg1 neurons 1743:1749 vagal afferent neurons 1728:1749 vagal afferent neurons in culture 1728:1760 Proteobacteria isolated from cecum of HFD rats were toxic to vagal afferent neurons in culture. 28379213 3 25 theme solitary 383:390 arg1 NTS 399:401 NTS 399:401 NTS 399:401 The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is a brain target for gastrointestinal signals modulating satiety and alterations in gut-brain vagal pathway may promote overeating and obesity. 28379213 3 25 theme solitary 383:390 arg1 tract 392:396 the solitary tract 379:396 the solitary tract (NTS) 379:402 The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is a brain target for gastrointestinal signals modulating satiety and alterations in gut-brain vagal pathway may promote overeating and obesity. 28379213 12 26 theme LFD 1513:1515 arg1 animals 1517:1523 LFD animals 1513:1523 LFD animals 1513:1523 Minocycline-treated HFD rats exhibited microbiota profile comparable to LFD animals. 28379213 0 27 theme Energy-dense 0:11 arg1 diet 13:16 Energy-dense diet 0:16 Energy-dense diet 0:16 Energy-dense diet triggers changes in gut microbiota, reorganization of gut‑brain vagal communication and increases body fat accumulation. 28379213 7 28 used used 929:932 arg2 Sequencing 914:923 16S Sequencing 910:923 16S Sequencing 910:923 16S Sequencing was used to determine microbiota composition. 28379213 15 29 theme body 1913:1916 arg1 fat 1918:1920 body fat 1913:1920 increased body fat accumulation 1903:1933 Our findings show that diet‑induced shift in gut microbiome may disrupt vagal gut‑brain communication resulting in microglia activation and increased body fat accumulation. 28379213 13 30 theme vagal 1579:1583 arg1 afferents 1585:1593 vagal afferents 1579:1593 vagal afferents 1579:1593 Minocycline suppressed HFD‑induced reorganization of vagal afferents and microglia activation in the NTS, and reduced body fat accumulation. 28379213 11 31 from activation 1389:1398 arg1 NTS 1407:1409 the NTS 1403:1409 the NTS 1403:1409 HFD triggered reorganization of vagal afferents and microglia activation in the NTS, associated with weight gain. 28379213 3 32 theme gastrointestinal 426:441 arg1 signals 443:449 gastrointestinal signals 426:449 gastrointestinal signals modulating satiety 426:468 The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is a brain target for gastrointestinal signals modulating satiety and alterations in gut-brain vagal pathway may promote overeating and obesity. 28379213 9 33 theme bacteria 1152:1159 arg1 strains 1161:1167 different bacteria strains 1142:1167 different bacteria strains 1142:1167 Nodose ganglia from LFD rats were isolated and co-cultured with different bacteria strains to determine neurotoxicity. 28379213 2 34 theme obese 346:350 arg1 phenotypes 352:361 obese phenotypes 346:361 obese phenotypes 346:361 Gut microbiota play a role in energy harvest and inflammation and can influence the change from lean to obese phenotypes. 28379213 6 35 used used 863:866 arg2 Minocycline 847:857 Minocycline 847:857 Minocycline 847:857 Minocycline was used to manipulate gut microbiota composition. 28379213 9 36 from rats 1102:1105 arg1 ganglia 1085:1091 Nodose ganglia 1078:1091 Nodose ganglia from LFD rats 1078:1105 Nodose ganglia from LFD rats were isolated and co-cultured with different bacteria strains to determine neurotoxicity. 28379213 4 37 theme diet‑induced 599:610 arg1 changes 612:618 high-fat diet‑induced changes 590:618 high-fat diet‑induced changes in gut microbiota 590:636 Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that high-fat diet‑induced changes in gut microbiota alter vagal gut-brain communication associated with increased body fat accumulation. 28379213 15 38 from shift 1799:1803 arg1 microbiome 1812:1821 gut microbiome 1808:1821 gut microbiome 1808:1821 Our findings show that diet‑induced shift in gut microbiome may disrupt vagal gut‑brain communication resulting in microglia activation and increased body fat accumulation. 28379213 10 39 theme gut 1209:1211 arg1 microbiota 1213:1222 gut microbiota 1209:1222 gut microbiota 1209:1222 HFD altered gut microbiota with increases in Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio and in pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria proliferation. 28379213 4 40 from changes 612:618 arg1 microbiota 627:636 gut microbiota 623:636 gut microbiota 623:636 Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that high-fat diet‑induced changes in gut microbiota alter vagal gut-brain communication associated with increased body fat accumulation. 28379213 3 41 theme vagal 499:503 arg1 pathway 505:511 gut-brain vagal pathway 489:511 gut-brain vagal pathway 489:511 The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is a brain target for gastrointestinal signals modulating satiety and alterations in gut-brain vagal pathway may promote overeating and obesity. 28379213 2 42 from lean 338:341 arg1 change 326:331 the change 322:331 the change from lean to obese phenotypes 322:361 Gut microbiota play a role in energy harvest and inflammation and can influence the change from lean to obese phenotypes. 28379213 15 43 theme diet‑induced 1786:1797 arg1 shift 1799:1803 diet‑induced shift 1786:1803 diet‑induced shift in gut microbiome 1786:1821 Our findings show that diet‑induced shift in gut microbiome may disrupt vagal gut‑brain communication resulting in microglia activation and increased body fat accumulation. 28379213 6 44 theme microbiota 886:895 arg1 composition 897:907 gut microbiota composition 882:907 gut microbiota composition 882:907 Minocycline was used to manipulate gut microbiota composition. 28379213 5 45 dep diet 822:825 arg1 kcal/g 838:843 5.24 kcal/g 833:843 5.24 kcal/g 833:843 Sprague-Dawley rats consumed a low energy‑dense rodent diet (LFD; 3.1 kcal/g) or high energy‑dense diet (HFD, 5.24 kcal/g). 28379213 5 45 dep diet 822:825 arg1 HFD 828:830 HFD 828:830 HFD 828:830 Sprague-Dawley rats consumed a low energy‑dense rodent diet (LFD; 3.1 kcal/g) or high energy‑dense diet (HFD, 5.24 kcal/g). 28379213 12 46 theme microbiota 1480:1489 arg1 profile 1491:1497 microbiota profile 1480:1497 microbiota profile comparable to LFD animals 1480:1523 Minocycline-treated HFD rats exhibited microbiota profile comparable to LFD animals. 28379213 8 47 dep reorganization 1037:1050 arg1 activation 1066:1075 activation 1066:1075 activation 1066:1075 Immunofluorescence against IB4 and Iba1 was used to determine NTS reorganization and microglia activation. 28379213 5 48 theme high 804:807 arg1 diet 822:825 high energy‑dense diet 804:825 high energy‑dense diet (HFD, 5.24 kcal/g) 804:844 Sprague-Dawley rats consumed a low energy‑dense rodent diet (LFD; 3.1 kcal/g) or high energy‑dense diet (HFD, 5.24 kcal/g). 28379213 12 49 theme comparable 1499:1508 arg1 profile 1491:1497 microbiota profile 1480:1497 microbiota profile comparable to LFD animals 1480:1523 Minocycline-treated HFD rats exhibited microbiota profile comparable to LFD animals. 28379213 14 50 from neurons 1743:1749 arg1 culture 1754:1760 culture 1754:1760 culture 1754:1760 Proteobacteria isolated from cecum of HFD rats were toxic to vagal afferent neurons in culture. 28379213 3 51 from alterations 474:484 arg1 pathway 505:511 gut-brain vagal pathway 489:511 gut-brain vagal pathway 489:511 The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is a brain target for gastrointestinal signals modulating satiety and alterations in gut-brain vagal pathway may promote overeating and obesity. 28379213 1 52 theme diets 194:198 arg1 development 204:214 development 204:214 development of systemic inflammation 204:239 Obesity is associated with consumption of energy-dense diets and development of systemic inflammation. 28379213 1 52 theme diets 194:198 arg1 consumption 166:176 consumption 166:176 consumption of energy-dense diets 166:198 Obesity is associated with consumption of energy-dense diets and development of systemic inflammation. 28379213 12 53 theme Minocycline-treated 1441:1459 arg1 rats 1465:1468 Minocycline-treated HFD rats 1441:1468 Minocycline-treated HFD rats 1441:1468 Minocycline-treated HFD rats exhibited microbiota profile comparable to LFD animals. 28379213 5 54 theme Sprague-Dawley 723:736 arg1 rats 738:741 Sprague-Dawley rats 723:741 Sprague-Dawley rats 723:741 Sprague-Dawley rats consumed a low energy‑dense rodent diet (LFD; 3.1 kcal/g) or high energy‑dense diet (HFD, 5.24 kcal/g). 28379213 3 55 theme gut-brain 489:497 arg1 pathway 505:511 gut-brain vagal pathway 489:511 gut-brain vagal pathway 489:511 The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is a brain target for gastrointestinal signals modulating satiety and alterations in gut-brain vagal pathway may promote overeating and obesity. 28379213 14 56 attach isolated 1682:1689 arg2 Proteobacteria 1667:1680 Proteobacteria 1667:1680 Proteobacteria isolated from cecum of HFD rats 1667:1712 Proteobacteria isolated from cecum of HFD rats were toxic to vagal afferent neurons in culture. 28379213 14 56 attach isolated 1682:1689 arg1 cecum 1696:1700 cecum 1696:1700 cecum of HFD rats 1696:1712 Proteobacteria isolated from cecum of HFD rats were toxic to vagal afferent neurons in culture. 28379213 13 57 theme fat 1649:1651 arg1 accumulation 1653:1664 body fat accumulation 1644:1664 body fat accumulation 1644:1664 Minocycline suppressed HFD‑induced reorganization of vagal afferents and microglia activation in the NTS, and reduced body fat accumulation. 28379213 1 58 theme systemic 219:226 arg1 inflammation 228:239 systemic inflammation 219:239 systemic inflammation 219:239 Obesity is associated with consumption of energy-dense diets and development of systemic inflammation. 28379213 5 59 dep LFD 784:786 arg1 kcal/g 793:798 3.1 kcal/g 789:798 LFD; 3.1 kcal/g 784:798 Sprague-Dawley rats consumed a low energy‑dense rodent diet (LFD; 3.1 kcal/g) or high energy‑dense diet (HFD, 5.24 kcal/g). 28379213 4 60 theme vagal 644:648 arg1 communication 660:672 vagal gut-brain communication 644:672 vagal gut-brain communication associated with increased body fat accumulation 644:720 Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that high-fat diet‑induced changes in gut microbiota alter vagal gut-brain communication associated with increased body fat accumulation. 28379213 2 61 theme Gut 242:244 arg1 microbiota 246:255 Gut microbiota 242:255 Gut microbiota 242:255 Gut microbiota play a role in energy harvest and inflammation and can influence the change from lean to obese phenotypes. 28379213 5 62 dep diet 778:781 arg1 LFD 784:786 LFD 784:786 LFD; 3.1 kcal/g 784:798 Sprague-Dawley rats consumed a low energy‑dense rodent diet (LFD; 3.1 kcal/g) or high energy‑dense diet (HFD, 5.24 kcal/g). 28379213 14 63 theme rats 1709:1712 arg1 cecum 1696:1700 cecum 1696:1700 cecum of HFD rats 1696:1712 Proteobacteria isolated from cecum of HFD rats were toxic to vagal afferent neurons in culture. 28379213 10 64 theme Proteobacteria 1297:1310 arg1 proliferation 1312:1324 pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria proliferation 1280:1324 pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria proliferation 1280:1324 HFD altered gut microbiota with increases in Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio and in pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria proliferation. 28379213 2 65 theme energy 272:277 arg1 harvest 279:285 energy harvest 272:285 energy harvest 272:285 Gut microbiota play a role in energy harvest and inflammation and can influence the change from lean to obese phenotypes. 28379213 0 66 from changes 27:33 arg1 reorganization 54:67 reorganization 54:67 reorganization of gut‑brain vagal communication 54:100 Energy-dense diet triggers changes in gut microbiota, reorganization of gut‑brain vagal communication and increases body fat accumulation. 28379213 0 66 from changes 27:33 arg1 microbiota 42:51 gut microbiota 38:51 gut microbiota 38:51 Energy-dense diet triggers changes in gut microbiota, reorganization of gut‑brain vagal communication and increases body fat accumulation. 28379213 13 67 from activation 1609:1618 arg1 NTS 1627:1629 the NTS 1623:1629 the NTS 1623:1629 Minocycline suppressed HFD‑induced reorganization of vagal afferents and microglia activation in the NTS, and reduced body fat accumulation. 28379213 4 68 theme body 700:703 arg1 fat 705:707 increased body fat 690:707 increased body fat accumulation 690:720 Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that high-fat diet‑induced changes in gut microbiota alter vagal gut-brain communication associated with increased body fat accumulation. 28379213 15 69 theme vagal 1835:1839 arg1 communication 1851:1863 vagal gut‑brain communication 1835:1863 vagal gut‑brain communication 1835:1863 Our findings show that diet‑induced shift in gut microbiome may disrupt vagal gut‑brain communication resulting in microglia activation and increased body fat accumulation. 28379213 5 70 theme energy‑dense 758:769 arg1 diet 778:781 a low energy‑dense rodent diet 752:781 a low energy‑dense rodent diet (LFD; 3.1 kcal/g) 752:799 Sprague-Dawley rats consumed a low energy‑dense rodent diet (LFD; 3.1 kcal/g) or high energy‑dense diet (HFD, 5.24 kcal/g). 28379213 0 71 theme vagal 82:86 arg1 communication 88:100 gut‑brain vagal communication 72:100 gut‑brain vagal communication 72:100 Energy-dense diet triggers changes in gut microbiota, reorganization of gut‑brain vagal communication and increases body fat accumulation. 28379213 11 72 theme afferents 1365:1373 arg1 reorganization 1341:1354 reorganization 1341:1354 reorganization of vagal afferents and microglia 1341:1387 HFD triggered reorganization of vagal afferents and microglia activation in the NTS, associated with weight gain. 28379213 9 73 theme Nodose 1078:1083 arg1 ganglia 1085:1091 Nodose ganglia 1078:1091 Nodose ganglia from LFD rats 1078:1105 Nodose ganglia from LFD rats were isolated and co-cultured with different bacteria strains to determine neurotoxicity. 28379213 5 74 theme low 754:756 arg1 diet 778:781 a low energy‑dense rodent diet 752:781 a low energy‑dense rodent diet (LFD; 3.1 kcal/g) 752:799 Sprague-Dawley rats consumed a low energy‑dense rodent diet (LFD; 3.1 kcal/g) or high energy‑dense diet (HFD, 5.24 kcal/g). 28379213 0 75 theme body 116:119 arg1 fat 121:123 body fat 116:123 body fat accumulation 116:136 Energy-dense diet triggers changes in gut microbiota, reorganization of gut‑brain vagal communication and increases body fat accumulation. 28379213 14 76 theme afferent 1734:1741 arg1 neurons 1743:1749 vagal afferent neurons 1728:1749 vagal afferent neurons in culture 1728:1760 Proteobacteria isolated from cecum of HFD rats were toxic to vagal afferent neurons in culture. 28379213 13 77 from reorganization 1561:1574 arg1 NTS 1627:1629 the NTS 1623:1629 the NTS 1623:1629 Minocycline suppressed HFD‑induced reorganization of vagal afferents and microglia activation in the NTS, and reduced body fat accumulation. 28379213 15 78 theme fat 1918:1920 arg1 accumulation 1922:1933 increased body fat accumulation 1903:1933 increased body fat accumulation 1903:1933 Our findings show that diet‑induced shift in gut microbiome may disrupt vagal gut‑brain communication resulting in microglia activation and increased body fat accumulation. 28379213 5 79 theme rodent 771:776 arg1 diet 778:781 a low energy‑dense rodent diet 752:781 a low energy‑dense rodent diet (LFD; 3.1 kcal/g) 752:799 Sprague-Dawley rats consumed a low energy‑dense rodent diet (LFD; 3.1 kcal/g) or high energy‑dense diet (HFD, 5.24 kcal/g). 28379213 5 80 theme energy‑dense 809:820 arg1 diet 822:825 high energy‑dense diet 804:825 high energy‑dense diet (HFD, 5.24 kcal/g) 804:844 Sprague-Dawley rats consumed a low energy‑dense rodent diet (LFD; 3.1 kcal/g) or high energy‑dense diet (HFD, 5.24 kcal/g). 28379213 3 81 theme tract 392:396 arg1 target 415:420 a brain target 407:420 a brain target for gastrointestinal signals modulating satiety 407:468 The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is a brain target for gastrointestinal signals modulating satiety and alterations in gut-brain vagal pathway may promote overeating and obesity. 28379213 3 81 theme tract 392:396 arg1 nucleus 368:374 The nucleus 364:374 The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) 364:402 The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is a brain target for gastrointestinal signals modulating satiety and alterations in gut-brain vagal pathway may promote overeating and obesity. 28379213 11 82 theme microglia 1379:1387 arg1 reorganization 1341:1354 reorganization 1341:1354 reorganization of vagal afferents and microglia 1341:1387 HFD triggered reorganization of vagal afferents and microglia activation in the NTS, associated with weight gain. 28379213 15 83 theme increased 1903:1911 arg1 accumulation 1922:1933 increased body fat accumulation 1903:1933 increased body fat accumulation 1903:1933 Our findings show that diet‑induced shift in gut microbiome may disrupt vagal gut‑brain communication resulting in microglia activation and increased body fat accumulation. 28379213 3 84 theme brain 409:413 arg1 target 415:420 a brain target 407:420 a brain target for gastrointestinal signals modulating satiety 407:468 The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is a brain target for gastrointestinal signals modulating satiety and alterations in gut-brain vagal pathway may promote overeating and obesity. 28379213 3 84 theme brain 409:413 arg1 nucleus 368:374 The nucleus 364:374 The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) 364:402 The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is a brain target for gastrointestinal signals modulating satiety and alterations in gut-brain vagal pathway may promote overeating and obesity. 28379213 13 85 theme afferents 1585:1593 arg1 reorganization 1561:1574 HFD‑induced reorganization 1549:1574 HFD‑induced reorganization of vagal afferents 1549:1593 Minocycline suppressed HFD‑induced reorganization of vagal afferents and microglia activation in the NTS, and reduced body fat accumulation. 28379213 13 85 theme afferents 1585:1593 arg1 activation 1609:1618 microglia activation 1599:1618 microglia activation in the NTS 1599:1629 Minocycline suppressed HFD‑induced reorganization of vagal afferents and microglia activation in the NTS, and reduced body fat accumulation. 28379213 0 86 theme gut 38:40 arg1 reorganization 54:67 reorganization 54:67 reorganization of gut‑brain vagal communication 54:100 Energy-dense diet triggers changes in gut microbiota, reorganization of gut‑brain vagal communication and increases body fat accumulation. 28379213 0 86 theme gut 38:40 arg1 microbiota 42:51 gut microbiota 38:51 gut microbiota 38:51 Energy-dense diet triggers changes in gut microbiota, reorganization of gut‑brain vagal communication and increases body fat accumulation. 28379213 9 87 theme different 1142:1150 arg1 strains 1161:1167 different bacteria strains 1142:1167 different bacteria strains 1142:1167 Nodose ganglia from LFD rats were isolated and co-cultured with different bacteria strains to determine neurotoxicity. 28379213 13 88 theme microglia 1599:1607 arg1 activation 1609:1618 microglia activation 1599:1618 microglia activation in the NTS 1599:1629 Minocycline suppressed HFD‑induced reorganization of vagal afferents and microglia activation in the NTS, and reduced body fat accumulation. 28379213 13 89 theme HFD‑induced 1549:1559 arg1 reorganization 1561:1574 HFD‑induced reorganization 1549:1574 HFD‑induced reorganization of vagal afferents 1549:1593 Minocycline suppressed HFD‑induced reorganization of vagal afferents and microglia activation in the NTS, and reduced body fat accumulation. 28379213 7 90 theme 16S 910:912 arg1 Sequencing 914:923 16S Sequencing 910:923 16S Sequencing 910:923 16S Sequencing was used to determine microbiota composition. 28379213 4 91 theme gut 623:625 arg1 microbiota 627:636 gut microbiota 623:636 gut microbiota 623:636 Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that high-fat diet‑induced changes in gut microbiota alter vagal gut-brain communication associated with increased body fat accumulation. 28748131 5 0 theme Transwell 743:751 arg1 system 764:769 a Transwell co-culture system 741:769 a Transwell co-culture system that employed human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells on the apical side and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells on the basolateral side 741:908 The immunological properties were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system that employed human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells on the apical side and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells on the basolateral side. 28748131 13 1 theme Th1-type 1845:1852 arg1 response 1861:1868 a Th1-type immune response 1843:1868 a Th1-type immune response 1843:1868 This evidence suggests that both UV-killed cells of the lactobacillus strains and their EPSs trigger a Th1-type immune response in a human host, with the former triggering the response via the TLRs expressed on its epithelium and the latter employing a mechanism yet to be determined, possibly involving a novel receptor that is designed to recognize specific patterns of repeating sugar in the EPSs. 28748131 13 2 theme strains 1812:1818 arg1 cells 1785:1789 UV-killed cells 1775:1789 UV-killed cells of the lactobacillus strains 1775:1818 This evidence suggests that both UV-killed cells of the lactobacillus strains and their EPSs trigger a Th1-type immune response in a human host, with the former triggering the response via the TLRs expressed on its epithelium and the latter employing a mechanism yet to be determined, possibly involving a novel receptor that is designed to recognize specific patterns of repeating sugar in the EPSs. 28748131 13 2 theme strains 1812:1818 arg1 EPSs 1830:1833 their EPSs 1824:1833 their EPSs 1824:1833 This evidence suggests that both UV-killed cells of the lactobacillus strains and their EPSs trigger a Th1-type immune response in a human host, with the former triggering the response via the TLRs expressed on its epithelium and the latter employing a mechanism yet to be determined, possibly involving a novel receptor that is designed to recognize specific patterns of repeating sugar in the EPSs. 28748131 9 3 theme UV-killed 1474:1482 arg1 cells 1484:1488 UV-killed cells 1474:1488 UV-killed cells 1474:1488 The RAW264.7 cells showed different cytokine production profiles when treated with UV-killed cells and EPSs. 28748131 5 4 theme co-culture 753:762 arg1 system 764:769 a Transwell co-culture system 741:769 a Transwell co-culture system that employed human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells on the apical side and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells on the basolateral side 741:908 The immunological properties were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system that employed human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells on the apical side and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells on the basolateral side. 28748131 8 5 theme UV-killed 1298:1306 arg1 cells 1308:1312 the UV-killed cells 1294:1312 the UV-killed cells 1294:1312 We found that the UV-killed cells and their EPSs had immunological effects on RAW264.7 cells via Caco-2 cells. 28748131 5 6 theme human 785:789 arg1 cells 822:826 human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells 785:826 human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells 785:826 The immunological properties were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system that employed human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells on the apical side and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells on the basolateral side. 28748131 13 7 theme repeating 2114:2122 arg1 sugar 2124:2128 repeating sugar 2114:2128 repeating sugar 2114:2128 This evidence suggests that both UV-killed cells of the lactobacillus strains and their EPSs trigger a Th1-type immune response in a human host, with the former triggering the response via the TLRs expressed on its epithelium and the latter employing a mechanism yet to be determined, possibly involving a novel receptor that is designed to recognize specific patterns of repeating sugar in the EPSs. 28748131 2 8 theme immune 314:319 arg1 response 321:328 the host immune response 305:328 the host immune response 305:328 However, it is unclear how they elicit the host immune response. 28748131 5 9 theme basolateral 893:903 arg1 side 905:908 the basolateral side 889:908 the basolateral side 889:908 The immunological properties were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system that employed human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells on the apical side and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells on the basolateral side. 28748131 6 10 theme Caco-2 999:1004 arg1 cells 1006:1010 Caco-2 cells 999:1010 Caco-2 cells 999:1010 The UV-killed cells and EPSs were added to the apical side to allow direct contact with Caco-2 cells and incubated for 6 hr. 28748131 5 11 theme epithelial 802:811 arg1 cells 822:826 human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells 785:826 human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells 785:826 The immunological properties were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system that employed human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells on the apical side and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells on the basolateral side. 28748131 1 12 theme immunological 240:252 arg1 properties 254:263 beneficial immunological properties 229:263 beneficial immunological properties 229:263 Many probiotic lactobacilli and their extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) have beneficial immunological properties. 28748131 8 13 contain had 1329:1331 arg1 cells 1308:1312 the UV-killed cells 1294:1312 the UV-killed cells 1294:1312 We found that the UV-killed cells and their EPSs had immunological effects on RAW264.7 cells via Caco-2 cells. 28748131 8 13 contain had 1329:1331 arg2 effects 1347:1353 immunological effects 1333:1353 immunological effects 1333:1353 We found that the UV-killed cells and their EPSs had immunological effects on RAW264.7 cells via Caco-2 cells. 28748131 8 13 contain had 1329:1331 arg1 EPSs 1324:1327 their EPSs 1318:1327 their EPSs 1318:1327 We found that the UV-killed cells and their EPSs had immunological effects on RAW264.7 cells via Caco-2 cells. 28748131 7 14 theme necrosis 1075:1082 arg1 factor-α 1084:1091 tumor necrosis factor-α 1069:1091 tumor necrosis factor-α 1069:1091 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 8 15 theme immunological 1333:1345 arg1 effects 1347:1353 immunological effects 1333:1353 immunological effects 1333:1353 We found that the UV-killed cells and their EPSs had immunological effects on RAW264.7 cells via Caco-2 cells. 28748131 1 16 theme Many 150:153 arg1 lactobacilli 165:176 Many probiotic lactobacilli 150:176 Many probiotic lactobacilli 150:176 Many probiotic lactobacilli and their extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) have beneficial immunological properties. 28748131 7 17 theme quantitative 1240:1251 arg1 PCR 1275:1277 quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR 1240:1277 quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR 1240:1277 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 3 18 theme UV-killed 384:392 arg1 cells 447:451 UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells 384:451 UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells as well as their extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) 384:505 We thus investigated the immunological properties of UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells as well as their extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs). 28748131 4 19 theme exchange 555:562 arg1 chromatography 564:577 ion exchange chromatography 551:577 ion exchange chromatography 551:577 High-performance liquid chromatography and ion exchange chromatography analyses showed that their EPSs differ in sugar composition and sugar fractionation. 28748131 8 20 theme Caco-2 1377:1382 arg1 cells 1384:1388 Caco-2 cells 1377:1388 Caco-2 cells 1377:1388 We found that the UV-killed cells and their EPSs had immunological effects on RAW264.7 cells via Caco-2 cells. 28748131 0 21 theme delbrueckii 91:101 arg1 cells 103:107 Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbrueckii cells 60:107 Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbrueckii cells 60:107 An in vitro investigation of immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbrueckii cells and their extracellular polysaccharides. 28748131 5 22 theme immunological 668:680 arg1 properties 682:691 The immunological properties 664:691 The immunological properties 664:691 The immunological properties were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system that employed human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells on the apical side and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells on the basolateral side. 28748131 7 23 theme cell 1225:1228 arg1 line 1230:1233 murine fibrosarcoma cell line 1205:1233 murine fibrosarcoma cell line 1205:1233 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 7 23 theme cell 1225:1228 arg1 cells 1198:1202 L929 cells 1193:1202 L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) 1193:1234 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 13 24 theme novel 2048:2052 arg1 receptor 2054:2061 a novel receptor 2046:2061 a novel receptor that is designed to recognize specific patterns of repeating sugar in the EPSs 2046:2140 This evidence suggests that both UV-killed cells of the lactobacillus strains and their EPSs trigger a Th1-type immune response in a human host, with the former triggering the response via the TLRs expressed on its epithelium and the latter employing a mechanism yet to be determined, possibly involving a novel receptor that is designed to recognize specific patterns of repeating sugar in the EPSs. 28748131 4 25 theme liquid 525:530 arg1 chromatography 532:545 High-performance liquid chromatography 508:545 High-performance liquid chromatography 508:545 High-performance liquid chromatography and ion exchange chromatography analyses showed that their EPSs differ in sugar composition and sugar fractionation. 28748131 10 26 theme UV-killed 1504:1512 arg1 cells 1514:1518 The UV-killed cells 1500:1518 The UV-killed cells 1500:1518 The UV-killed cells and EPSs promoted a Th1-type cellular response. 28748131 0 27 theme plantarum 74:82 arg1 cells 103:107 Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbrueckii cells 60:107 Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbrueckii cells 60:107 An in vitro investigation of immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbrueckii cells and their extracellular polysaccharides. 28748131 7 28 theme murine 1205:1210 arg1 line 1230:1233 murine fibrosarcoma cell line 1205:1233 murine fibrosarcoma cell line 1205:1233 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 7 28 theme murine 1205:1210 arg1 cells 1198:1202 L929 cells 1193:1202 L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) 1193:1234 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 10 29 theme Th1-type 1540:1547 arg1 response 1558:1565 a Th1-type cellular response 1538:1565 a Th1-type cellular response 1538:1565 The UV-killed cells and EPSs promoted a Th1-type cellular response. 28748131 3 30 theme cells 447:451 arg1 properties 370:379 the immunological properties 352:379 the immunological properties of UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells as well as their extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) 352:505 We thus investigated the immunological properties of UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells as well as their extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs). 28748131 3 31 theme polysaccharides 484:498 arg1 properties 370:379 the immunological properties 352:379 the immunological properties of UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells as well as their extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) 352:505 We thus investigated the immunological properties of UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells as well as their extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs). 28748131 5 32 theme murine 851:856 arg1 cells 880:884 murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells 851:884 murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells 851:884 The immunological properties were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system that employed human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells on the apical side and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells on the basolateral side. 28748131 6 33 theme UV-killed 915:923 arg1 cells 925:929 The UV-killed cells 911:929 The UV-killed cells 911:929 The UV-killed cells and EPSs were added to the apical side to allow direct contact with Caco-2 cells and incubated for 6 hr. 28748131 11 34 theme Toll-like 1645:1653 arg1 TLR 1665:1667 Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 1645:1670 Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 1645:1670 Furthermore, we found that the UV-killed cells sent positive signals through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2. 28748131 0 35 theme properties 46:55 arg1 investigation 12:24 An in vitro investigation 0:24 An in vitro investigation of immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbrueckii cells and their extracellular polysaccharides 0:147 An in vitro investigation of immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbrueckii cells and their extracellular polysaccharides. 28748131 9 36 theme different 1417:1425 arg1 profiles 1447:1454 different cytokine production profiles 1417:1454 different cytokine production profiles 1417:1454 The RAW264.7 cells showed different cytokine production profiles when treated with UV-killed cells and EPSs. 28748131 13 37 from patterns 2102:2109 arg1 EPSs 2137:2140 the EPSs 2133:2140 the EPSs 2133:2140 This evidence suggests that both UV-killed cells of the lactobacillus strains and their EPSs trigger a Th1-type immune response in a human host, with the former triggering the response via the TLRs expressed on its epithelium and the latter employing a mechanism yet to be determined, possibly involving a novel receptor that is designed to recognize specific patterns of repeating sugar in the EPSs. 28748131 9 38 theme production 1436:1445 arg1 profiles 1447:1454 different cytokine production profiles 1417:1454 different cytokine production profiles 1417:1454 The RAW264.7 cells showed different cytokine production profiles when treated with UV-killed cells and EPSs. 28748131 5 39 theme semi-intestinal 713:727 arg1 model 729:733 a semi-intestinal model 711:733 a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system that employed human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells on the apical side and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells on the basolateral side 711:908 The immunological properties were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system that employed human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells on the apical side and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells on the basolateral side. 28748131 6 40 theme apical 958:963 arg1 side 965:968 the apical side to allow direct contact with Caco-2 cells 954:1010 the apical side to allow direct contact with Caco-2 cells 954:1010 The UV-killed cells and EPSs were added to the apical side to allow direct contact with Caco-2 cells and incubated for 6 hr. 28748131 13 41 theme lactobacillus 1798:1810 arg1 strains 1812:1818 the lactobacillus strains 1794:1818 the lactobacillus strains 1794:1818 This evidence suggests that both UV-killed cells of the lactobacillus strains and their EPSs trigger a Th1-type immune response in a human host, with the former triggering the response via the TLRs expressed on its epithelium and the latter employing a mechanism yet to be determined, possibly involving a novel receptor that is designed to recognize specific patterns of repeating sugar in the EPSs. 28748131 7 42 theme Caco-2 1139:1144 arg1 cells 1146:1150 RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells 1127:1150 cells 1146:1150 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 2 43 theme host 309:312 arg1 response 321:328 the host immune response 305:328 the host immune response 305:328 However, it is unclear how they elicit the host immune response. 28748131 12 44 dep Meanwhile 1673:1681 arg1 neither 1684:1690 neither 1684:1690 neither 1684:1690 Meanwhile, neither EPS sent a positive signal through TLR4 and TLR2. 28748131 4 45 theme sugar 643:647 arg1 fractionation 649:661 sugar fractionation 643:661 sugar fractionation 643:661 High-performance liquid chromatography and ion exchange chromatography analyses showed that their EPSs differ in sugar composition and sugar fractionation. 28748131 7 46 theme RAW264.7 1127:1134 arg1 cells 1146:1150 RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells 1127:1150 cells 1146:1150 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 1 47 theme extracellular 188:200 arg1 EPS 219:221 EPS 219:221 EPS 219:221 Many probiotic lactobacilli and their extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) have beneficial immunological properties. 28748131 1 47 theme extracellular 188:200 arg1 polysaccharides 202:216 their extracellular polysaccharides 182:216 their extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) 182:222 Many probiotic lactobacilli and their extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) have beneficial immunological properties. 28748131 7 48 theme cytotoxic 1171:1179 arg1 activity 1181:1188 cytotoxic activity 1171:1188 cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR 1171:1277 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 13 49 theme UV-killed 1775:1783 arg1 cells 1785:1789 UV-killed cells 1775:1789 UV-killed cells of the lactobacillus strains 1775:1818 This evidence suggests that both UV-killed cells of the lactobacillus strains and their EPSs trigger a Th1-type immune response in a human host, with the former triggering the response via the TLRs expressed on its epithelium and the latter employing a mechanism yet to be determined, possibly involving a novel receptor that is designed to recognize specific patterns of repeating sugar in the EPSs. 28748131 7 50 from activity 1181:1188 arg1 line 1230:1233 murine fibrosarcoma cell line 1205:1233 murine fibrosarcoma cell line 1205:1233 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 7 50 from activity 1181:1188 arg1 cells 1198:1202 L929 cells 1193:1202 L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) 1193:1234 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 7 50 from activity 1181:1188 arg1 PCR 1275:1277 quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR 1240:1277 quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR 1240:1277 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 7 51 theme several 1097:1103 arg1 cytokines 1105:1113 several cytokines 1097:1113 several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells 1097:1150 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 11 52 theme UV-killed 1599:1607 arg1 cells 1609:1613 the UV-killed cells 1595:1613 the UV-killed cells 1595:1613 Furthermore, we found that the UV-killed cells sent positive signals through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2. 28748131 6 53 with contact 986:992 arg1 cells 1006:1010 Caco-2 cells 999:1010 Caco-2 cells 999:1010 The UV-killed cells and EPSs were added to the apical side to allow direct contact with Caco-2 cells and incubated for 6 hr. 28748131 5 54 theme intestinal 791:800 arg1 cells 822:826 human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells 785:826 human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells 785:826 The immunological properties were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system that employed human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells on the apical side and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells on the basolateral side. 28748131 13 55 theme sugar 2124:2128 arg1 patterns 2102:2109 specific patterns 2093:2109 specific patterns of repeating sugar in the EPSs 2093:2140 This evidence suggests that both UV-killed cells of the lactobacillus strains and their EPSs trigger a Th1-type immune response in a human host, with the former triggering the response via the TLRs expressed on its epithelium and the latter employing a mechanism yet to be determined, possibly involving a novel receptor that is designed to recognize specific patterns of repeating sugar in the EPSs. 28748131 1 56 theme beneficial 229:238 arg1 properties 254:263 beneficial immunological properties 229:263 beneficial immunological properties 229:263 Many probiotic lactobacilli and their extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) have beneficial immunological properties. 28748131 7 57 theme tumor 1069:1073 arg1 factor-α 1084:1091 tumor necrosis factor-α 1069:1091 tumor necrosis factor-α 1069:1091 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 6 58 theme direct 979:984 arg1 contact 986:992 direct contact 979:992 direct contact with Caco-2 cells 979:1010 The UV-killed cells and EPSs were added to the apical side to allow direct contact with Caco-2 cells and incubated for 6 hr. 28748131 0 59 theme polysaccharides 133:147 arg1 properties 46:55 immunomodulatory properties 29:55 immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbrueckii cells and their extracellular polysaccharides 29:147 An in vitro investigation of immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbrueckii cells and their extracellular polysaccharides. 28748131 13 60 theme specific 2093:2100 arg1 patterns 2102:2109 specific patterns 2093:2109 specific patterns of repeating sugar in the EPSs 2093:2140 This evidence suggests that both UV-killed cells of the lactobacillus strains and their EPSs trigger a Th1-type immune response in a human host, with the former triggering the response via the TLRs expressed on its epithelium and the latter employing a mechanism yet to be determined, possibly involving a novel receptor that is designed to recognize specific patterns of repeating sugar in the EPSs. 28748131 7 61 theme reverse-transcriptase 1253:1273 arg1 PCR 1275:1277 quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR 1240:1277 quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR 1240:1277 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 1 62 theme probiotic 155:163 arg1 lactobacilli 165:176 Many probiotic lactobacilli 150:176 Many probiotic lactobacilli 150:176 Many probiotic lactobacilli and their extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) have beneficial immunological properties. 28748131 3 63 theme immunological 356:368 arg1 properties 370:379 the immunological properties 352:379 the immunological properties of UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells as well as their extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) 352:505 We thus investigated the immunological properties of UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells as well as their extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs). 28748131 4 64 theme ion 551:553 arg1 chromatography 564:577 ion exchange chromatography 551:577 ion exchange chromatography 551:577 High-performance liquid chromatography and ion exchange chromatography analyses showed that their EPSs differ in sugar composition and sugar fractionation. 28748131 7 65 theme factor-α 1084:1091 arg1 amounts 1058:1064 the amounts 1054:1064 the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells 1054:1150 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 7 65 theme factor-α 1084:1091 arg1 factor-α 1084:1091 tumor necrosis factor-α 1069:1091 tumor necrosis factor-α 1069:1091 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 7 65 theme factor-α 1084:1091 arg1 cytokines 1105:1113 several cytokines 1097:1113 several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells 1097:1150 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 5 66 theme Caco-2 814:819 arg1 cells 822:826 human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells 785:826 human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells 785:826 The immunological properties were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system that employed human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells on the apical side and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells on the basolateral side. 28748131 5 67 theme apical 835:840 arg1 side 842:845 the apical side 831:845 the apical side 831:845 The immunological properties were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system that employed human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells on the apical side and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells on the basolateral side. 28748131 3 68 dep Lactobacillus 394:406 arg1 delbrueckii 408:418 delbrueckii 408:418 delbrueckii 408:418 We thus investigated the immunological properties of UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells as well as their extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs). 28748131 12 69 theme positive 1703:1710 arg1 signal 1712:1717 a positive signal 1701:1717 a positive signal 1701:1717 Meanwhile, neither EPS sent a positive signal through TLR4 and TLR2. 28748131 7 70 theme cytokines 1105:1113 arg1 amounts 1058:1064 the amounts 1054:1064 the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells 1054:1150 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 7 70 theme cytokines 1105:1113 arg1 factor-α 1084:1091 tumor necrosis factor-α 1069:1091 tumor necrosis factor-α 1069:1091 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 7 70 theme cytokines 1105:1113 arg1 cytokines 1105:1113 several cytokines 1097:1113 several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells 1097:1150 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 4 71 theme chromatography 564:577 arg1 analyses 579:586 High-performance liquid chromatography and ion exchange chromatography analyses 508:586 High-performance liquid chromatography and ion exchange chromatography analyses 508:586 High-performance liquid chromatography and ion exchange chromatography analyses showed that their EPSs differ in sugar composition and sugar fractionation. 28748131 8 72 theme RAW264.7 1358:1365 arg1 cells 1367:1371 RAW264.7 cells 1358:1371 RAW264.7 cells 1358:1371 We found that the UV-killed cells and their EPSs had immunological effects on RAW264.7 cells via Caco-2 cells. 28748131 0 73 theme cells 103:107 arg1 properties 46:55 immunomodulatory properties 29:55 immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbrueckii cells and their extracellular polysaccharides 29:147 An in vitro investigation of immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbrueckii cells and their extracellular polysaccharides. 28748131 3 74 theme Lactobacillus 394:406 arg1 TU-1 420:423 Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 394:423 Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 394:423 We thus investigated the immunological properties of UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells as well as their extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs). 28748131 4 75 theme High-performance 508:523 arg1 chromatography 532:545 High-performance liquid chromatography 508:545 High-performance liquid chromatography 508:545 High-performance liquid chromatography and ion exchange chromatography analyses showed that their EPSs differ in sugar composition and sugar fractionation. 28748131 3 76 dep L. 429:430 arg1 plantarum 432:440 plantarum 432:440 plantarum 432:440 We thus investigated the immunological properties of UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells as well as their extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs). 28748131 13 77 theme human 1875:1879 arg1 host 1881:1884 a human host 1873:1884 a human host 1873:1884 This evidence suggests that both UV-killed cells of the lactobacillus strains and their EPSs trigger a Th1-type immune response in a human host, with the former triggering the response via the TLRs expressed on its epithelium and the latter employing a mechanism yet to be determined, possibly involving a novel receptor that is designed to recognize specific patterns of repeating sugar in the EPSs. 28748131 7 78 theme fibrosarcoma 1212:1223 arg1 line 1230:1233 murine fibrosarcoma cell line 1205:1233 murine fibrosarcoma cell line 1205:1233 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 7 78 theme fibrosarcoma 1212:1223 arg1 cells 1198:1202 L929 cells 1193:1202 L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) 1193:1234 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 4 79 theme chromatography 532:545 arg1 analyses 579:586 High-performance liquid chromatography and ion exchange chromatography analyses 508:586 High-performance liquid chromatography and ion exchange chromatography analyses 508:586 High-performance liquid chromatography and ion exchange chromatography analyses showed that their EPSs differ in sugar composition and sugar fractionation. 28748131 3 80 theme extracellular 470:482 arg1 EPSs 501:504 EPSs 501:504 EPSs 501:504 We thus investigated the immunological properties of UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells as well as their extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs). 28748131 3 80 theme extracellular 470:482 arg1 polysaccharides 484:498 their extracellular polysaccharides 464:498 UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells as well as their extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) 384:505 We thus investigated the immunological properties of UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells as well as their extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs). 28748131 0 81 theme in 3:4 arg1 investigation 12:24 An in vitro investigation 0:24 An in vitro investigation of immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbrueckii cells and their extracellular polysaccharides 0:147 An in vitro investigation of immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbrueckii cells and their extracellular polysaccharides. 28748131 3 82 theme L. 429:430 arg1 KM-9 442:445 L. plantarum KM-9 429:445 L. plantarum KM-9 429:445 We thus investigated the immunological properties of UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells as well as their extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs). 28748131 13 83 theme immune 1854:1859 arg1 response 1861:1868 a Th1-type immune response 1843:1868 a Th1-type immune response 1843:1868 This evidence suggests that both UV-killed cells of the lactobacillus strains and their EPSs trigger a Th1-type immune response in a human host, with the former triggering the response via the TLRs expressed on its epithelium and the latter employing a mechanism yet to be determined, possibly involving a novel receptor that is designed to recognize specific patterns of repeating sugar in the EPSs. 28748131 7 84 theme L929 1193:1196 arg1 line 1230:1233 murine fibrosarcoma cell line 1205:1233 murine fibrosarcoma cell line 1205:1233 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 7 84 theme L929 1193:1196 arg1 cells 1198:1202 L929 cells 1193:1202 L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) 1193:1234 After incubation, the amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and several cytokines released by RAW264.7 or Caco-2 cells were quantified by cytotoxic activity on L929 cells (murine fibrosarcoma cell line) and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. 28748131 3 85 theme TU-1 420:423 arg1 cells 447:451 UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells 384:451 UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells as well as their extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) 384:505 We thus investigated the immunological properties of UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells as well as their extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs). 28748131 4 86 theme sugar 621:625 arg1 composition 627:637 sugar composition 621:637 sugar composition 621:637 High-performance liquid chromatography and ion exchange chromatography analyses showed that their EPSs differ in sugar composition and sugar fractionation. 28748131 0 87 theme immunomodulatory 29:44 arg1 properties 46:55 immunomodulatory properties 29:55 immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbrueckii cells and their extracellular polysaccharides 29:147 An in vitro investigation of immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbrueckii cells and their extracellular polysaccharides. 28748131 5 88 theme macrophage 858:867 arg1 cells 880:884 murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells 851:884 murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells 851:884 The immunological properties were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system that employed human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells on the apical side and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells on the basolateral side. 28748131 9 89 theme RAW264.7 1395:1402 arg1 cells 1404:1408 The RAW264.7 cells 1391:1408 The RAW264.7 cells 1391:1408 The RAW264.7 cells showed different cytokine production profiles when treated with UV-killed cells and EPSs. 28748131 3 90 theme KM-9 442:445 arg1 cells 447:451 UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells 384:451 UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells as well as their extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) 384:505 We thus investigated the immunological properties of UV-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii TU-1 and L. plantarum KM-9 cells as well as their extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs). 28748131 11 91 theme positive 1620:1627 arg1 signals 1629:1635 positive signals 1620:1635 positive signals 1620:1635 Furthermore, we found that the UV-killed cells sent positive signals through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2. 28748131 10 92 theme cellular 1549:1556 arg1 response 1558:1565 a Th1-type cellular response 1538:1565 a Th1-type cellular response 1538:1565 The UV-killed cells and EPSs promoted a Th1-type cellular response. 28748131 1 93 contain have 224:227 arg1 lactobacilli 165:176 Many probiotic lactobacilli 150:176 Many probiotic lactobacilli 150:176 Many probiotic lactobacilli and their extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) have beneficial immunological properties. 28748131 1 93 contain have 224:227 arg1 EPS 219:221 EPS 219:221 EPS 219:221 Many probiotic lactobacilli and their extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) have beneficial immunological properties. 28748131 1 93 contain have 224:227 arg1 polysaccharides 202:216 their extracellular polysaccharides 182:216 their extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) 182:222 Many probiotic lactobacilli and their extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) have beneficial immunological properties. 28748131 1 93 contain have 224:227 arg2 properties 254:263 beneficial immunological properties 229:263 beneficial immunological properties 229:263 Many probiotic lactobacilli and their extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) have beneficial immunological properties. 28748131 9 94 theme cytokine 1427:1434 arg1 profiles 1447:1454 different cytokine production profiles 1417:1454 different cytokine production profiles 1417:1454 The RAW264.7 cells showed different cytokine production profiles when treated with UV-killed cells and EPSs. 28748131 0 95 dep in 3:4 arg1 vitro 6:10 vitro 6:10 vitro 6:10 An in vitro investigation of immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbrueckii cells and their extracellular polysaccharides. 28748131 0 96 theme extracellular 119:131 arg1 polysaccharides 133:147 their extracellular polysaccharides 113:147 their extracellular polysaccharides 113:147 An in vitro investigation of immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbrueckii cells and their extracellular polysaccharides. 28748131 11 97 theme receptor 1655:1662 arg1 TLR 1665:1667 Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 1645:1670 Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 1645:1670 Furthermore, we found that the UV-killed cells sent positive signals through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2. 28748131 5 98 theme RAW264.7 870:877 arg1 cells 880:884 murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells 851:884 murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells 851:884 The immunological properties were evaluated in a semi-intestinal model using a Transwell co-culture system that employed human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells on the apical side and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells on the basolateral side. 26567273 1 0 link O-linked 198:205 arg1 O-GlcNAc 228:235 O-GlcNAc 228:235 O-GlcNAc 228:235 In the previous issue of Biochemical Journal Mariappa et al. [(2015) Biochem J. 470,: 255-262] demonstrate a new method for visualizing O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins by making use of a catalytically dead version of the enzyme that normally removes this modification. 26567273 1 0 link O-linked 198:205 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 207:225 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 198:225 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins 198:254 In the previous issue of Biochemical Journal Mariappa et al. [(2015) Biochem J. 470,: 255-262] demonstrate a new method for visualizing O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins by making use of a catalytically dead version of the enzyme that normally removes this modification. 26567273 2 1 theme chemical 484:491 arg1 approaches 517:526 chemical biology-based labelling approaches 484:526 chemical biology-based labelling approaches 484:526 They show their approach has broader specificity than current antibody-based techniques and higher specificity than lectin and chemical biology-based labelling approaches. 26567273 1 2 theme dead 289:292 arg1 version 294:300 a catalytically dead version 273:300 a catalytically dead version of the enzyme that normally removes this modification 273:354 In the previous issue of Biochemical Journal Mariappa et al. [(2015) Biochem J. 470,: 255-262] demonstrate a new method for visualizing O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins by making use of a catalytically dead version of the enzyme that normally removes this modification. 26567273 1 3 dep Mariappa 107:114 arg1 J. 139:140 J. 139:140 J. 139:140 In the previous issue of Biochemical Journal Mariappa et al. [(2015) Biochem J. 470,: 255-262] demonstrate a new method for visualizing O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins by making use of a catalytically dead version of the enzyme that normally removes this modification. 26567273 1 3 dep Mariappa 107:114 arg1 al. 119:121 Mariappa et al. 107:121 Mariappa et al. [(2015) Biochem J. 470,: 255-262] 107:155 In the previous issue of Biochemical Journal Mariappa et al. [(2015) Biochem J. 470,: 255-262] demonstrate a new method for visualizing O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins by making use of a catalytically dead version of the enzyme that normally removes this modification. 26567273 1 3 dep Mariappa 107:114 arg1 2015 125:128 2015 125:128 2015 125:128 In the previous issue of Biochemical Journal Mariappa et al. [(2015) Biochem J. 470,: 255-262] demonstrate a new method for visualizing O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins by making use of a catalytically dead version of the enzyme that normally removes this modification. 26567273 1 4 theme O-linked 198:205 arg1 O-GlcNAc 228:235 O-GlcNAc 228:235 O-GlcNAc 228:235 In the previous issue of Biochemical Journal Mariappa et al. [(2015) Biochem J. 470,: 255-262] demonstrate a new method for visualizing O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins by making use of a catalytically dead version of the enzyme that normally removes this modification. 26567273 1 4 theme O-linked 198:205 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 207:225 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 198:225 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins 198:254 In the previous issue of Biochemical Journal Mariappa et al. [(2015) Biochem J. 470,: 255-262] demonstrate a new method for visualizing O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins by making use of a catalytically dead version of the enzyme that normally removes this modification. 26567273 1 5 theme version 294:300 arg1 use 266:268 use 266:268 use of a catalytically dead version of the enzyme that normally removes this modification 266:354 In the previous issue of Biochemical Journal Mariappa et al. [(2015) Biochem J. 470,: 255-262] demonstrate a new method for visualizing O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins by making use of a catalytically dead version of the enzyme that normally removes this modification. 26567273 1 6 theme N-acetylglucosamine 207:225 arg1 proteins 247:254 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins 198:254 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins 198:254 In the previous issue of Biochemical Journal Mariappa et al. [(2015) Biochem J. 470,: 255-262] demonstrate a new method for visualizing O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins by making use of a catalytically dead version of the enzyme that normally removes this modification. 26567273 2 7 theme broader 386:392 arg1 specificity 394:404 broader specificity 386:404 broader specificity than current antibody-based techniques and higher specificity 386:466 They show their approach has broader specificity than current antibody-based techniques and higher specificity than lectin and chemical biology-based labelling approaches. 26567273 1 8 theme enzyme 309:314 arg1 version 294:300 a catalytically dead version 273:300 a catalytically dead version of the enzyme that normally removes this modification 273:354 In the previous issue of Biochemical Journal Mariappa et al. [(2015) Biochem J. 470,: 255-262] demonstrate a new method for visualizing O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins by making use of a catalytically dead version of the enzyme that normally removes this modification. 26567273 3 9 theme understood 673:682 arg1 modification 695:706 this common, but currently poorly understood regulatory modification 639:706 this common, but currently poorly understood regulatory modification 639:706 This commentary discusses methods for O-GlcNAc detection and the significance of this work for characterizing this common, but currently poorly understood regulatory modification. 26567273 1 10 theme previous 69:76 arg1 issue 78:82 the previous issue 65:82 the previous issue of Biochemical Journal 65:105 In the previous issue of Biochemical Journal Mariappa et al. [(2015) Biochem J. 470,: 255-262] demonstrate a new method for visualizing O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins by making use of a catalytically dead version of the enzyme that normally removes this modification. 26567273 0 11 theme mutant 9:14 arg1 OGA 16:18 a mutant OGA 7:18 a mutant OGA 7:18 Use of a mutant OGA for detecting O-GlcNAc modified proteins. 26567273 2 12 theme antibody-based 419:432 arg1 techniques 434:443 current antibody-based techniques 411:443 current antibody-based techniques 411:443 They show their approach has broader specificity than current antibody-based techniques and higher specificity than lectin and chemical biology-based labelling approaches. 26567273 1 13 theme modified 238:245 arg1 proteins 247:254 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins 198:254 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins 198:254 In the previous issue of Biochemical Journal Mariappa et al. [(2015) Biochem J. 470,: 255-262] demonstrate a new method for visualizing O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins by making use of a catalytically dead version of the enzyme that normally removes this modification. 26567273 2 14 theme labelling 507:515 arg1 approaches 517:526 chemical biology-based labelling approaches 484:526 chemical biology-based labelling approaches 484:526 They show their approach has broader specificity than current antibody-based techniques and higher specificity than lectin and chemical biology-based labelling approaches. 26567273 1 15 dep J. 139:140 arg1 255-262 148:154 255-262 148:154 255-262 148:154 In the previous issue of Biochemical Journal Mariappa et al. [(2015) Biochem J. 470,: 255-262] demonstrate a new method for visualizing O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins by making use of a catalytically dead version of the enzyme that normally removes this modification. 26567273 0 16 theme OGA 16:18 arg1 Use 0:2 Use 0:2 Use of a mutant OGA for detecting O-GlcNAc modified proteins. 0:60 Use of a mutant OGA for detecting O-GlcNAc modified proteins. 26567273 2 17 theme current 411:417 arg1 techniques 434:443 current antibody-based techniques 411:443 current antibody-based techniques 411:443 They show their approach has broader specificity than current antibody-based techniques and higher specificity than lectin and chemical biology-based labelling approaches. 26567273 3 18 theme work 615:618 arg1 detection 576:584 O-GlcNAc detection 567:584 O-GlcNAc detection 567:584 This commentary discusses methods for O-GlcNAc detection and the significance of this work for characterizing this common, but currently poorly understood regulatory modification. 26567273 3 18 theme work 615:618 arg1 significance 594:605 the significance 590:605 the significance of this work for characterizing this common, but currently poorly understood regulatory modification 590:706 This commentary discusses methods for O-GlcNAc detection and the significance of this work for characterizing this common, but currently poorly understood regulatory modification. 26567273 0 19 theme modified 43:50 arg1 proteins 52:59 O-GlcNAc modified proteins 34:59 O-GlcNAc modified proteins 34:59 Use of a mutant OGA for detecting O-GlcNAc modified proteins. 26567273 2 20 dep show 362:365 arg1 has 382:384 has 382:384 show their approach has broader specificity than current antibody-based techniques and higher specificity than lectin and chemical biology-based labelling approaches 362:526 They show their approach has broader specificity than current antibody-based techniques and higher specificity than lectin and chemical biology-based labelling approaches. 26567273 1 21 theme Biochemical 87:97 arg1 Journal 99:105 Biochemical Journal 87:105 Biochemical Journal 87:105 In the previous issue of Biochemical Journal Mariappa et al. [(2015) Biochem J. 470,: 255-262] demonstrate a new method for visualizing O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins by making use of a catalytically dead version of the enzyme that normally removes this modification. 26567273 2 22 theme biology-based 493:505 arg1 approaches 517:526 chemical biology-based labelling approaches 484:526 chemical biology-based labelling approaches 484:526 They show their approach has broader specificity than current antibody-based techniques and higher specificity than lectin and chemical biology-based labelling approaches. 26567273 3 23 theme O-GlcNAc 567:574 arg1 detection 576:584 O-GlcNAc detection 567:584 O-GlcNAc detection 567:584 This commentary discusses methods for O-GlcNAc detection and the significance of this work for characterizing this common, but currently poorly understood regulatory modification. 26567273 1 24 theme Journal 99:105 arg1 issue 78:82 the previous issue 65:82 the previous issue of Biochemical Journal 65:105 In the previous issue of Biochemical Journal Mariappa et al. [(2015) Biochem J. 470,: 255-262] demonstrate a new method for visualizing O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins by making use of a catalytically dead version of the enzyme that normally removes this modification. 26567273 3 25 theme common 644:649 arg1 modification 695:706 this common, but currently poorly understood regulatory modification 639:706 this common, but currently poorly understood regulatory modification 639:706 This commentary discusses methods for O-GlcNAc detection and the significance of this work for characterizing this common, but currently poorly understood regulatory modification. 26567273 1 26 theme new 171:173 arg1 method 175:180 a new method 169:180 a new method for visualizing O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins by making use of a catalytically dead version of the enzyme that normally removes this modification 169:354 In the previous issue of Biochemical Journal Mariappa et al. [(2015) Biochem J. 470,: 255-262] demonstrate a new method for visualizing O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified proteins by making use of a catalytically dead version of the enzyme that normally removes this modification. 26567273 2 27 theme higher 449:454 arg1 specificity 456:466 higher specificity 449:466 higher specificity 449:466 They show their approach has broader specificity than current antibody-based techniques and higher specificity than lectin and chemical biology-based labelling approaches. 26567273 3 28 theme regulatory 684:693 arg1 modification 695:706 this common, but currently poorly understood regulatory modification 639:706 this common, but currently poorly understood regulatory modification 639:706 This commentary discusses methods for O-GlcNAc detection and the significance of this work for characterizing this common, but currently poorly understood regulatory modification. 26951434 0 0 theme Active 55:60 arg1 Complex 86:92 an Active Xylan Backbone Synthase Complex 52:92 an Active Xylan Backbone Synthase Complex that Forms in the Golgi Apparatus 52:126 Asparagus IRX9, IRX10, and IRX14A Are Components of an Active Xylan Backbone Synthase Complex that Forms in the Golgi Apparatus. 26951434 3 1 theme genetic 608:614 arg1 evidence 630:637 the genetic and molecular evidence 604:637 the genetic and molecular evidence 604:637 However, both the biochemical and cell biological research lags the genetic and molecular evidence. 26951434 2 2 theme Arabidopsis 312:322 arg1 Arabidopsis 299:309 Arabidopsis 299:309 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 299:332 A number of studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have suggested that the IRREGULAR XYLEM9 (IRX9), IRX10, and IRX14 proteins, as well as their homologs, are involved in xylan synthesis via a Golgi-localized complex termed the xylan synthase complex (XSC). 26951434 2 2 theme Arabidopsis 312:322 arg1 thaliana 324:331 Arabidopsis thaliana 312:331 Arabidopsis thaliana 312:331 A number of studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have suggested that the IRREGULAR XYLEM9 (IRX9), IRX10, and IRX14 proteins, as well as their homologs, are involved in xylan synthesis via a Golgi-localized complex termed the xylan synthase complex (XSC). 26951434 5 3 theme complementation 1151:1165 arg1 analysis 1167:1174 bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis 1126:1174 bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis 1126:1174 To better understand the XSC structure and its composition, we carried out coimmunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis to show the molecular interactions between these three IRX proteins. 26951434 2 4 theme synthase 516:523 arg1 XSC 534:536 XSC 534:536 XSC 534:536 A number of studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have suggested that the IRREGULAR XYLEM9 (IRX9), IRX10, and IRX14 proteins, as well as their homologs, are involved in xylan synthesis via a Golgi-localized complex termed the xylan synthase complex (XSC). 26951434 2 4 theme synthase 516:523 arg1 complex 525:531 xylan synthase complex 510:531 the xylan synthase complex (XSC) 506:537 A number of studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have suggested that the IRREGULAR XYLEM9 (IRX9), IRX10, and IRX14 proteins, as well as their homologs, are involved in xylan synthesis via a Golgi-localized complex termed the xylan synthase complex (XSC). 26951434 2 5 from studies 288:294 arg1 Arabidopsis 299:309 Arabidopsis 299:309 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 299:332 A number of studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have suggested that the IRREGULAR XYLEM9 (IRX9), IRX10, and IRX14 proteins, as well as their homologs, are involved in xylan synthesis via a Golgi-localized complex termed the xylan synthase complex (XSC). 26951434 2 5 from studies 288:294 arg1 thaliana 324:331 Arabidopsis thaliana 312:331 Arabidopsis thaliana 312:331 A number of studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have suggested that the IRREGULAR XYLEM9 (IRX9), IRX10, and IRX14 proteins, as well as their homologs, are involved in xylan synthesis via a Golgi-localized complex termed the xylan synthase complex (XSC). 26951434 7 6 theme evidence 1472:1479 arg1 lines 1431:1435 the first lines 1421:1435 the first lines of biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis 1421:1624 These data provide, to our knowledge, the first lines of biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis. 26951434 2 7 from number 278:283 arg1 Arabidopsis 299:309 Arabidopsis 299:309 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 299:332 A number of studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have suggested that the IRREGULAR XYLEM9 (IRX9), IRX10, and IRX14 proteins, as well as their homologs, are involved in xylan synthesis via a Golgi-localized complex termed the xylan synthase complex (XSC). 26951434 2 7 from number 278:283 arg1 thaliana 324:331 Arabidopsis thaliana 312:331 Arabidopsis thaliana 312:331 A number of studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have suggested that the IRREGULAR XYLEM9 (IRX9), IRX10, and IRX14 proteins, as well as their homologs, are involved in xylan synthesis via a Golgi-localized complex termed the xylan synthase complex (XSC). 26951434 0 8 theme Backbone 68:75 arg1 Complex 86:92 an Active Xylan Backbone Synthase Complex 52:92 an Active Xylan Backbone Synthase Complex that Forms in the Golgi Apparatus 52:126 Asparagus IRX9, IRX10, and IRX14A Are Components of an Active Xylan Backbone Synthase Complex that Forms in the Golgi Apparatus. 26951434 2 9 theme xylan 510:514 arg1 XSC 534:536 XSC 534:536 XSC 534:536 A number of studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have suggested that the IRREGULAR XYLEM9 (IRX9), IRX10, and IRX14 proteins, as well as their homologs, are involved in xylan synthesis via a Golgi-localized complex termed the xylan synthase complex (XSC). 26951434 2 9 theme xylan 510:514 arg1 complex 525:531 xylan synthase complex 510:531 the xylan synthase complex (XSC) 506:537 A number of studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have suggested that the IRREGULAR XYLEM9 (IRX9), IRX10, and IRX14 proteins, as well as their homologs, are involved in xylan synthesis via a Golgi-localized complex termed the xylan synthase complex (XSC). 26951434 1 10 theme food 230:233 arg1 industries 264:273 the food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries 226:273 the food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries 226:273 Heteroxylans are abundant components of plant cell walls and provide important raw materials for the food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries. 26951434 0 11 theme Xylan 62:66 arg1 Complex 86:92 an Active Xylan Backbone Synthase Complex 52:92 an Active Xylan Backbone Synthase Complex that Forms in the Golgi Apparatus 52:126 Asparagus IRX9, IRX10, and IRX14A Are Components of an Active Xylan Backbone Synthase Complex that Forms in the Golgi Apparatus. 26951434 5 12 theme bimolecular 1126:1136 arg1 analysis 1167:1174 bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis 1126:1174 bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis 1126:1174 To better understand the XSC structure and its composition, we carried out coimmunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis to show the molecular interactions between these three IRX proteins. 26951434 2 13 from Arabidopsis 299:309 arg1 number 278:283 A number 276:283 A number of studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 276:332 A number of studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have suggested that the IRREGULAR XYLEM9 (IRX9), IRX10, and IRX14 proteins, as well as their homologs, are involved in xylan synthesis via a Golgi-localized complex termed the xylan synthase complex (XSC). 26951434 4 14 dep characterized 658:670 arg1 reconstituted 849:861 reconstituted 849:861 reconstituted 849:861 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 14 dep characterized 658:670 arg1 purified 877:884 purified 877:884 partially purified an active XSC 867:898 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 14 dep characterized 658:670 arg1 showed 904:909 showed 904:909 showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta 904:1022 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 7 15 theme biochemical 1440:1450 arg1 evidence 1472:1479 biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis 1440:1624 biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis 1440:1624 These data provide, to our knowledge, the first lines of biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis. 26951434 0 16 theme Complex 86:92 arg1 Components 38:47 Components 38:47 Components of an Active Xylan Backbone Synthase Complex that Forms in the Golgi Apparatus 38:126 Asparagus IRX9, IRX10, and IRX14A Are Components of an Active Xylan Backbone Synthase Complex that Forms in the Golgi Apparatus. 26951434 5 17 contain carried 1088:1094 arg1 we 1085:1086 we 1085:1086 we 1085:1086 To better understand the XSC structure and its composition, we carried out coimmunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis to show the molecular interactions between these three IRX proteins. 26951434 5 17 contain carried 1088:1094 arg2 coimmunoprecipitation 1100:1120 coimmunoprecipitation 1100:1120 coimmunoprecipitation 1100:1120 To better understand the XSC structure and its composition, we carried out coimmunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis to show the molecular interactions between these three IRX proteins. 26951434 5 17 contain carried 1088:1094 arg2 analysis 1167:1174 bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis 1126:1174 bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis 1126:1174 To better understand the XSC structure and its composition, we carried out coimmunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis to show the molecular interactions between these three IRX proteins. 26951434 6 18 theme catalytic 1363:1371 arg1 activity 1373:1380 the catalytic activity 1359:1380 the catalytic activity 1359:1380 Using a site-directed mutagenesis approach, we showed that the DxD motifs of AoIRX10 and AoIRX14A are crucial for the catalytic activity. 26951434 4 19 theme asparagus 679:687 arg1 AoIRX14B 784:791 AoIRX14B 784:791 AoIRX14B 784:791 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 19 theme asparagus 679:687 arg1 AoIRX10 761:767 AoIRX10 761:767 AoIRX10 761:767 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 19 theme asparagus 679:687 arg1 AoIRX9L 752:758 AoIRX9L 752:758 AoIRX9L 752:758 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 19 theme asparagus 679:687 arg1 AoIRX14A 770:777 AoIRX14A 770:777 AoIRX14A 770:777 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 19 theme asparagus 679:687 arg1 genes 737:741 garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes 672:741 garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) 672:792 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 7 20 theme distinct 1572:1579 arg1 roles 1581:1585 distinct roles 1572:1585 distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis 1572:1624 These data provide, to our knowledge, the first lines of biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis. 26951434 0 21 theme Synthase 77:84 arg1 Complex 86:92 an Active Xylan Backbone Synthase Complex 52:92 an Active Xylan Backbone Synthase Complex that Forms in the Golgi Apparatus 52:126 Asparagus IRX9, IRX10, and IRX14A Are Components of an Active Xylan Backbone Synthase Complex that Forms in the Golgi Apparatus. 26951434 6 22 theme mutagenesis 1267:1277 arg1 approach 1279:1286 a site-directed mutagenesis approach 1251:1286 a site-directed mutagenesis approach 1251:1286 Using a site-directed mutagenesis approach, we showed that the DxD motifs of AoIRX10 and AoIRX14A are crucial for the catalytic activity. 26951434 6 23 theme site-directed 1253:1265 arg1 approach 1279:1286 a site-directed mutagenesis approach 1251:1286 a site-directed mutagenesis approach 1251:1286 Using a site-directed mutagenesis approach, we showed that the DxD motifs of AoIRX10 and AoIRX14A are crucial for the catalytic activity. 26951434 4 24 theme garden 672:677 arg1 AoIRX14B 784:791 AoIRX14B 784:791 AoIRX14B 784:791 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 24 theme garden 672:677 arg1 AoIRX10 761:767 AoIRX10 761:767 AoIRX10 761:767 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 24 theme garden 672:677 arg1 AoIRX9L 752:758 AoIRX9L 752:758 AoIRX9L 752:758 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 24 theme garden 672:677 arg1 AoIRX14A 770:777 AoIRX14A 770:777 AoIRX14A 770:777 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 24 theme garden 672:677 arg1 genes 737:741 garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes 672:741 garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) 672:792 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 1 25 theme abundant 146:153 arg1 components 155:164 abundant components 146:164 abundant components of plant cell walls 146:184 Heteroxylans are abundant components of plant cell walls and provide important raw materials for the food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries. 26951434 1 25 theme abundant 146:153 arg1 Heteroxylans 129:140 Heteroxylans 129:140 Heteroxylans 129:140 Heteroxylans are abundant components of plant cell walls and provide important raw materials for the food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries. 26951434 3 26 theme molecular 620:628 arg1 evidence 630:637 the genetic and molecular evidence 604:637 the genetic and molecular evidence 604:637 However, both the biochemical and cell biological research lags the genetic and molecular evidence. 26951434 3 27 dep research 590:597 arg1 both 549:552 both 549:552 both 549:552 However, both the biochemical and cell biological research lags the genetic and molecular evidence. 26951434 7 28 theme biological 1461:1470 arg1 evidence 1472:1479 biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis 1440:1624 biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis 1440:1624 These data provide, to our knowledge, the first lines of biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis. 26951434 0 29 theme Asparagus 0:8 arg1 IRX9 10:13 Asparagus IRX9 0:13 Asparagus IRX9 0:13 Asparagus IRX9, IRX10, and IRX14A Are Components of an Active Xylan Backbone Synthase Complex that Forms in the Golgi Apparatus. 26951434 1 30 theme pharmaceutical 236:249 arg1 industries 264:273 the food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries 226:273 the food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries 226:273 Heteroxylans are abundant components of plant cell walls and provide important raw materials for the food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries. 26951434 7 31 theme Golgi-localized 1541:1555 arg1 XSC 1557:1559 a Golgi-localized XSC 1539:1559 a Golgi-localized XSC 1539:1559 These data provide, to our knowledge, the first lines of biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis. 26951434 4 32 from activity 1005:1012 arg1 planta 1017:1022 planta 1017:1022 planta 1017:1022 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 6 33 theme AoIRX14A 1334:1341 arg1 motifs 1312:1317 the DxD motifs 1304:1317 the DxD motifs of AoIRX10 and AoIRX14A 1304:1341 Using a site-directed mutagenesis approach, we showed that the DxD motifs of AoIRX10 and AoIRX14A are crucial for the catalytic activity. 26951434 6 33 theme AoIRX14A 1334:1341 arg1 crucial 1347:1353 crucial 1347:1353 crucial 1347:1353 Using a site-directed mutagenesis approach, we showed that the DxD motifs of AoIRX10 and AoIRX14A are crucial for the catalytic activity. 26951434 4 34 theme heterologous 797:808 arg1 expression 810:819 heterologous expression 797:819 heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana 797:844 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 7 35 theme XSC 1557:1559 arg1 each 1562:1565 each 1562:1565 each 1562:1565 These data provide, to our knowledge, the first lines of biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis. 26951434 7 35 theme XSC 1557:1559 arg1 AoIRX9 1486:1491 AoIRX9 1486:1491 AoIRX9 1486:1491 These data provide, to our knowledge, the first lines of biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis. 26951434 7 35 theme XSC 1557:1559 arg1 AoIRX10 1494:1500 AoIRX10 1494:1500 AoIRX10 1494:1500 These data provide, to our knowledge, the first lines of biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis. 26951434 7 35 theme XSC 1557:1559 arg1 AoIRX14A 1507:1514 AoIRX14A 1507:1514 AoIRX14A 1507:1514 These data provide, to our knowledge, the first lines of biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis. 26951434 7 35 theme XSC 1557:1559 arg1 components 1525:1534 core components 1520:1534 core components of a Golgi-localized XSC 1520:1559 These data provide, to our knowledge, the first lines of biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis. 26951434 1 36 theme plant 169:173 arg1 walls 180:184 plant cell walls 169:184 plant cell walls 169:184 Heteroxylans are abundant components of plant cell walls and provide important raw materials for the food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries. 26951434 7 37 theme first 1425:1429 arg1 lines 1431:1435 the first lines 1421:1435 the first lines of biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis 1421:1624 These data provide, to our knowledge, the first lines of biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis. 26951434 5 38 theme IRX 1231:1233 arg1 proteins 1235:1242 these three IRX proteins 1219:1242 these three IRX proteins 1219:1242 To better understand the XSC structure and its composition, we carried out coimmunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis to show the molecular interactions between these three IRX proteins. 26951434 4 39 theme xylosyltranferase 987:1003 arg1 activity 1005:1012 xylan xylosyltranferase activity 981:1012 xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta 981:1022 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 1 40 theme cell 175:178 arg1 walls 180:184 plant cell walls 169:184 plant cell walls 169:184 Heteroxylans are abundant components of plant cell walls and provide important raw materials for the food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries. 26951434 6 41 theme AoIRX10 1322:1328 arg1 motifs 1312:1317 the DxD motifs 1304:1317 the DxD motifs of AoIRX10 and AoIRX14A 1304:1341 Using a site-directed mutagenesis approach, we showed that the DxD motifs of AoIRX10 and AoIRX14A are crucial for the catalytic activity. 26951434 6 41 theme AoIRX10 1322:1328 arg1 crucial 1347:1353 crucial 1347:1353 crucial 1347:1353 Using a site-directed mutagenesis approach, we showed that the DxD motifs of AoIRX10 and AoIRX14A are crucial for the catalytic activity. 26951434 1 42 theme biofuel 256:262 arg1 industries 264:273 the food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries 226:273 the food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries 226:273 Heteroxylans are abundant components of plant cell walls and provide important raw materials for the food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries. 26951434 2 43 theme xylan 453:457 arg1 synthesis 459:467 xylan synthesis 453:467 xylan synthesis via a Golgi-localized complex termed the xylan synthase complex (XSC) 453:537 A number of studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have suggested that the IRREGULAR XYLEM9 (IRX9), IRX10, and IRX14 proteins, as well as their homologs, are involved in xylan synthesis via a Golgi-localized complex termed the xylan synthase complex (XSC). 26951434 4 44 from expression 810:819 arg1 benthamiana 834:844 Nicotiana benthamiana 824:844 Nicotiana benthamiana 824:844 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 45 theme xylan 718:722 arg1 AoIRX14B 784:791 AoIRX14B 784:791 AoIRX14B 784:791 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 45 theme xylan 718:722 arg1 AoIRX10 761:767 AoIRX10 761:767 AoIRX10 761:767 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 45 theme xylan 718:722 arg1 AoIRX9L 752:758 AoIRX9L 752:758 AoIRX9L 752:758 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 45 theme xylan 718:722 arg1 AoIRX14A 770:777 AoIRX14A 770:777 AoIRX14A 770:777 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 45 theme xylan 718:722 arg1 genes 737:741 garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes 672:741 garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) 672:792 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 46 theme xylan 981:985 arg1 activity 1005:1012 xylan xylosyltranferase activity 981:1012 xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta 981:1022 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 1 47 theme walls 180:184 arg1 components 155:164 abundant components 146:164 abundant components of plant cell walls 146:184 Heteroxylans are abundant components of plant cell walls and provide important raw materials for the food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries. 26951434 1 47 theme walls 180:184 arg1 Heteroxylans 129:140 Heteroxylans 129:140 Heteroxylans 129:140 Heteroxylans are abundant components of plant cell walls and provide important raw materials for the food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries. 26951434 4 48 theme active 889:894 arg1 XSC 896:898 an active XSC 886:898 an active XSC 886:898 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 49 theme stem 713:716 arg1 AoIRX14B 784:791 AoIRX14B 784:791 AoIRX14B 784:791 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 49 theme stem 713:716 arg1 AoIRX10 761:767 AoIRX10 761:767 AoIRX10 761:767 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 49 theme stem 713:716 arg1 AoIRX9L 752:758 AoIRX9L 752:758 AoIRX9L 752:758 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 49 theme stem 713:716 arg1 AoIRX14A 770:777 AoIRX14A 770:777 AoIRX14A 770:777 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 49 theme stem 713:716 arg1 genes 737:741 garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes 672:741 garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) 672:792 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 7 50 theme effective 1591:1599 arg1 biosynthesis 1613:1624 effective heteroxylan biosynthesis 1591:1624 effective heteroxylan biosynthesis 1591:1624 These data provide, to our knowledge, the first lines of biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis. 26951434 2 51 theme IRREGULAR 358:366 arg1 XYLEM9 368:373 the IRREGULAR XYLEM9 354:373 the IRREGULAR XYLEM9 (IRX9) 354:380 A number of studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have suggested that the IRREGULAR XYLEM9 (IRX9), IRX10, and IRX14 proteins, as well as their homologs, are involved in xylan synthesis via a Golgi-localized complex termed the xylan synthase complex (XSC). 26951434 2 51 theme IRREGULAR 358:366 arg1 IRX9 376:379 IRX9 376:379 IRX9 376:379 A number of studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have suggested that the IRREGULAR XYLEM9 (IRX9), IRX10, and IRX14 proteins, as well as their homologs, are involved in xylan synthesis via a Golgi-localized complex termed the xylan synthase complex (XSC). 26951434 2 52 theme IRX14 394:398 arg1 proteins 400:407 IRX14 proteins 394:407 IRX14 proteins 394:407 A number of studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have suggested that the IRREGULAR XYLEM9 (IRX9), IRX10, and IRX14 proteins, as well as their homologs, are involved in xylan synthesis via a Golgi-localized complex termed the xylan synthase complex (XSC). 26951434 6 53 theme DxD 1308:1310 arg1 motifs 1312:1317 the DxD motifs 1304:1317 the DxD motifs of AoIRX10 and AoIRX14A 1304:1341 Using a site-directed mutagenesis approach, we showed that the DxD motifs of AoIRX10 and AoIRX14A are crucial for the catalytic activity. 26951434 6 53 theme DxD 1308:1310 arg1 crucial 1347:1353 crucial 1347:1353 crucial 1347:1353 Using a site-directed mutagenesis approach, we showed that the DxD motifs of AoIRX10 and AoIRX14A are crucial for the catalytic activity. 26951434 0 54 theme Golgi 112:116 arg1 Apparatus 118:126 the Golgi Apparatus 108:126 the Golgi Apparatus 108:126 Asparagus IRX9, IRX10, and IRX14A Are Components of an Active Xylan Backbone Synthase Complex that Forms in the Golgi Apparatus. 26951434 4 55 theme biosynthesis 724:735 arg1 AoIRX14B 784:791 AoIRX14B 784:791 AoIRX14B 784:791 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 55 theme biosynthesis 724:735 arg1 AoIRX10 761:767 AoIRX10 761:767 AoIRX10 761:767 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 55 theme biosynthesis 724:735 arg1 AoIRX9L 752:758 AoIRX9L 752:758 AoIRX9L 752:758 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 55 theme biosynthesis 724:735 arg1 AoIRX14A 770:777 AoIRX14A 770:777 AoIRX14A 770:777 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 55 theme biosynthesis 724:735 arg1 genes 737:741 garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes 672:741 garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) 672:792 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 2 56 theme Golgi-localized 475:489 arg1 complex 491:497 a Golgi-localized complex 473:497 a Golgi-localized complex termed the xylan synthase complex (XSC) 473:537 A number of studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have suggested that the IRREGULAR XYLEM9 (IRX9), IRX10, and IRX14 proteins, as well as their homologs, are involved in xylan synthesis via a Golgi-localized complex termed the xylan synthase complex (XSC). 26951434 3 57 theme biological 579:588 arg1 research 590:597 both the biochemical and cell biological research 549:597 research 590:597 However, both the biochemical and cell biological research lags the genetic and molecular evidence. 26951434 4 58 theme Asparagus 690:698 arg1 AoIRX14B 784:791 AoIRX14B 784:791 AoIRX14B 784:791 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 58 theme Asparagus 690:698 arg1 AoIRX10 761:767 AoIRX10 761:767 AoIRX10 761:767 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 58 theme Asparagus 690:698 arg1 AoIRX9L 752:758 AoIRX9L 752:758 AoIRX9L 752:758 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 58 theme Asparagus 690:698 arg1 AoIRX14A 770:777 AoIRX14A 770:777 AoIRX14A 770:777 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 58 theme Asparagus 690:698 arg1 genes 737:741 garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes 672:741 garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) 672:792 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 2 59 theme studies 288:294 arg1 number 278:283 A number 276:283 A number of studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 276:332 A number of studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have suggested that the IRREGULAR XYLEM9 (IRX9), IRX10, and IRX14 proteins, as well as their homologs, are involved in xylan synthesis via a Golgi-localized complex termed the xylan synthase complex (XSC). 26951434 7 60 theme core 1520:1523 arg1 each 1562:1565 each 1562:1565 each 1562:1565 These data provide, to our knowledge, the first lines of biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis. 26951434 7 60 theme core 1520:1523 arg1 AoIRX9 1486:1491 AoIRX9 1486:1491 AoIRX9 1486:1491 These data provide, to our knowledge, the first lines of biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis. 26951434 7 60 theme core 1520:1523 arg1 AoIRX10 1494:1500 AoIRX10 1494:1500 AoIRX10 1494:1500 These data provide, to our knowledge, the first lines of biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis. 26951434 7 60 theme core 1520:1523 arg1 AoIRX14A 1507:1514 AoIRX14A 1507:1514 AoIRX14A 1507:1514 These data provide, to our knowledge, the first lines of biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis. 26951434 7 60 theme core 1520:1523 arg1 components 1525:1534 core components 1520:1534 core components of a Golgi-localized XSC 1520:1559 These data provide, to our knowledge, the first lines of biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis. 26951434 3 61 theme biochemical 558:568 arg1 research 590:597 both the biochemical and cell biological research 549:597 research 590:597 However, both the biochemical and cell biological research lags the genetic and molecular evidence. 26951434 5 62 theme molecular 1188:1196 arg1 interactions 1198:1209 the molecular interactions 1184:1209 the molecular interactions between these three IRX proteins 1184:1242 To better understand the XSC structure and its composition, we carried out coimmunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis to show the molecular interactions between these three IRX proteins. 26951434 1 63 theme important 198:206 arg1 materials 212:220 important raw materials 198:220 important raw materials for the food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries 198:273 Heteroxylans are abundant components of plant cell walls and provide important raw materials for the food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries. 26951434 4 64 dep genes 737:741 arg1 AoIRX14B 784:791 AoIRX14B 784:791 AoIRX14B 784:791 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 64 dep genes 737:741 arg1 AoIRX10 761:767 AoIRX10 761:767 AoIRX10 761:767 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 64 dep genes 737:741 arg1 genes 737:741 garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes 672:741 garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) 672:792 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 64 dep genes 737:741 arg1 AoIRX9L 752:758 AoIRX9L 752:758 AoIRX9L 752:758 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 64 dep genes 737:741 arg1 AoIRX14A 770:777 AoIRX14A 770:777 AoIRX14A 770:777 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 5 65 theme XSC 1050:1052 arg1 structure 1054:1062 the XSC structure 1046:1062 the XSC structure 1046:1062 To better understand the XSC structure and its composition, we carried out coimmunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis to show the molecular interactions between these three IRX proteins. 26951434 1 66 theme raw 208:210 arg1 materials 212:220 important raw materials 198:220 important raw materials for the food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries 198:273 Heteroxylans are abundant components of plant cell walls and provide important raw materials for the food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries. 26951434 4 67 theme officinalis 700:710 arg1 AoIRX14B 784:791 AoIRX14B 784:791 AoIRX14B 784:791 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 67 theme officinalis 700:710 arg1 AoIRX10 761:767 AoIRX10 761:767 AoIRX10 761:767 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 67 theme officinalis 700:710 arg1 AoIRX9L 752:758 AoIRX9L 752:758 AoIRX9L 752:758 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 67 theme officinalis 700:710 arg1 AoIRX14A 770:777 AoIRX14A 770:777 AoIRX14A 770:777 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 4 67 theme officinalis 700:710 arg1 genes 737:741 garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes 672:741 garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) 672:792 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 26951434 7 68 theme heteroxylan 1601:1611 arg1 biosynthesis 1613:1624 effective heteroxylan biosynthesis 1591:1624 effective heteroxylan biosynthesis 1591:1624 These data provide, to our knowledge, the first lines of biochemical and cell biological evidence that AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A are core components of a Golgi-localized XSC, each with distinct roles for effective heteroxylan biosynthesis. 26951434 5 69 theme fluorescence 1138:1149 arg1 analysis 1167:1174 bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis 1126:1174 bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis 1126:1174 To better understand the XSC structure and its composition, we carried out coimmunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis to show the molecular interactions between these three IRX proteins. 26951434 4 70 theme Nicotiana 824:832 arg1 benthamiana 834:844 Nicotiana benthamiana 824:844 Nicotiana benthamiana 824:844 In this study, we characterized garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) stem xylan biosynthesis genes (AoIRX9, AoIRX9L, AoIRX10, AoIRX14A, and AoIRX14B) by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana We reconstituted and partially purified an active XSC and showed that three proteins, AoIRX9, AoIRX10, and AoIRX14A, are necessary for xylan xylosyltranferase activity in planta. 24328128 4 0 theme volatile 737:744 arg1 compounds 746:754 four target volatile compounds 725:754 four target volatile compounds 725:754 Prior to the evaluation, with the exception of the sweet wine, the wines were adjusted to the same ethanol content and aromatized with a mixture of four target volatile compounds. 24328128 6 1 theme lower 992:996 arg1 releasers 1015:1023 lower and higher aroma releasers 992:1023 lower and higher aroma releasers 992:1023 Results showed interindividual differences and a clustering of panelists among lower and higher aroma releasers, which was in agreement to the differences in their breathing capacity. 24328128 3 2 theme different 455:463 arg1 composition 465:475 different composition 455:475 different composition (white wine, sparkling white wine, young red wine, aged red wine, and a sweet wine) 455:559 Five wines of different composition (white wine, sparkling white wine, young red wine, aged red wine, and a sweet wine) were evaluated. 24328128 9 3 theme total 1523:1527 arg1 polyphenols 1529:1539 total polyphenols 1523:1539 total polyphenols 1523:1539 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 7 4 from composition 1135:1145 arg1 group 1174:1178 the low aroma releasers group 1150:1178 the low aroma releasers group 1150:1178 A significant influence of the matrix composition in the low aroma releasers group during wine consumption was observed. 24328128 3 5 theme sparkling 490:498 arg1 wine 506:509 sparkling white wine 490:509 sparkling white wine 490:509 Five wines of different composition (white wine, sparkling white wine, young red wine, aged red wine, and a sweet wine) were evaluated. 24328128 3 6 theme young 512:516 arg1 wine 522:525 young red wine 512:525 young red wine 512:525 Five wines of different composition (white wine, sparkling white wine, young red wine, aged red wine, and a sweet wine) were evaluated. 24328128 1 7 theme aroma 163:167 arg1 release 169:175 the retronasal aroma release 148:175 the retronasal aroma release of four volatile compounds added to different types of wines 148:236 The impact of the nonvolatile wine matrix composition on the retronasal aroma release of four volatile compounds added to different types of wines has been evaluated. 24328128 7 8 from group 1174:1178 arg1 influence 1111:1119 A significant influence 1097:1119 A significant influence of the matrix composition in the low aroma releasers group during wine consumption 1097:1202 A significant influence of the matrix composition in the low aroma releasers group during wine consumption was observed. 24328128 6 9 dep differences 1056:1066 arg1 agreement 1039:1047 agreement 1039:1047 agreement 1039:1047 Results showed interindividual differences and a clustering of panelists among lower and higher aroma releasers, which was in agreement to the differences in their breathing capacity. 24328128 8 10 theme wines 1333:1337 arg1 consumption 1302:1312 the consumption 1298:1312 the consumption of white and sweet wines 1298:1337 The consumption of red wines provoked a significantly higher aroma release than the consumption of white and sweet wines. 24328128 3 11 theme aged 528:531 arg1 wine 537:540 aged red wine 528:540 aged red wine 528:540 Five wines of different composition (white wine, sparkling white wine, young red wine, aged red wine, and a sweet wine) were evaluated. 24328128 1 12 theme volatile 185:192 arg1 compounds 194:202 four volatile compounds 180:202 four volatile compounds added to different types of wines 180:236 The impact of the nonvolatile wine matrix composition on the retronasal aroma release of four volatile compounds added to different types of wines has been evaluated. 24328128 0 13 from wines 84:88 arg1 release 71:77 the in vivo aroma release 53:77 the in vivo aroma release from wines 53:88 Impact of the nonvolatile wine matrix composition on the in vivo aroma release from wines. 24328128 9 14 theme wine 1388:1391 arg1 samples 1393:1399 the wine samples 1384:1399 the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds) 1384:1506 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 9 14 theme wine 1388:1391 arg1 polyphenols 1427:1437 total polyphenols 1421:1437 total polyphenols 1421:1437 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 9 14 theme wine 1388:1391 arg1 sugar 1474:1478 residual sugar 1465:1478 residual sugar 1465:1478 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 9 14 theme wine 1388:1391 arg1 pH 1402:1403 pH 1402:1403 pH 1402:1403 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 9 14 theme wine 1388:1391 arg1 acidity 1412:1418 total acidity 1406:1418 total acidity 1406:1418 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 7 15 from influence 1111:1119 arg1 group 1174:1178 the low aroma releasers group 1150:1178 the low aroma releasers group 1150:1178 A significant influence of the matrix composition in the low aroma releasers group during wine consumption was observed. 24328128 3 16 dep composition 465:475 arg1 wine 555:558 a sweet wine 547:558 a sweet wine 547:558 Five wines of different composition (white wine, sparkling white wine, young red wine, aged red wine, and a sweet wine) were evaluated. 24328128 3 16 dep composition 465:475 arg1 wine 537:540 aged red wine 528:540 aged red wine 528:540 Five wines of different composition (white wine, sparkling white wine, young red wine, aged red wine, and a sweet wine) were evaluated. 24328128 3 16 dep composition 465:475 arg1 wine 506:509 sparkling white wine 490:509 sparkling white wine 490:509 Five wines of different composition (white wine, sparkling white wine, young red wine, aged red wine, and a sweet wine) were evaluated. 24328128 3 16 dep composition 465:475 arg1 wine 522:525 young red wine 512:525 young red wine 512:525 Five wines of different composition (white wine, sparkling white wine, young red wine, aged red wine, and a sweet wine) were evaluated. 24328128 3 16 dep composition 465:475 arg1 wine 484:487 white wine 478:487 white wine 478:487 Five wines of different composition (white wine, sparkling white wine, young red wine, aged red wine, and a sweet wine) were evaluated. 24328128 5 17 theme statistical 807:817 arg1 analysis 819:826 multivariate statistical analysis 794:826 multivariate statistical analysis 794:826 Aroma release data were submitted to multivariate statistical analysis in order to relate wine chemical composition and aroma release during wine drinking. 24328128 2 18 used used 334:337 arg2 RATD 324:327 RATD 324:327 RATD 324:327 For this purpose, a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device (RATD) was used to entrap the exhaled breath of six panelists previously trained in a specific consumption procedure. 24328128 2 18 used used 334:337 arg2 device 316:321 a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device 276:321 a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device (RATD) 276:328 For this purpose, a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device (RATD) was used to entrap the exhaled breath of six panelists previously trained in a specific consumption procedure. 24328128 5 19 theme release 763:769 arg1 data 771:774 Aroma release data 757:774 Aroma release data 757:774 Aroma release data were submitted to multivariate statistical analysis in order to relate wine chemical composition and aroma release during wine drinking. 24328128 1 20 theme composition 133:143 arg1 impact 95:100 The impact 91:100 The impact of the nonvolatile wine matrix composition on the retronasal aroma release of four volatile compounds added to different types of wines 91:236 The impact of the nonvolatile wine matrix composition on the retronasal aroma release of four volatile compounds added to different types of wines has been evaluated. 24328128 0 21 from Impact 0:5 arg1 release 71:77 the in vivo aroma release 53:77 the in vivo aroma release from wines 53:88 Impact of the nonvolatile wine matrix composition on the in vivo aroma release from wines. 24328128 8 22 theme red 1237:1239 arg1 wines 1241:1245 red wines 1237:1245 red wines 1237:1245 The consumption of red wines provoked a significantly higher aroma release than the consumption of white and sweet wines. 24328128 4 23 theme wine 634:637 arg1 exception 611:619 the exception 607:619 the exception of the sweet wine 607:637 Prior to the evaluation, with the exception of the sweet wine, the wines were adjusted to the same ethanol content and aromatized with a mixture of four target volatile compounds. 24328128 5 24 theme wine 847:850 arg1 composition 861:871 wine chemical composition 847:871 wine chemical composition 847:871 Aroma release data were submitted to multivariate statistical analysis in order to relate wine chemical composition and aroma release during wine drinking. 24328128 4 25 theme sweet 628:632 arg1 wine 634:637 the sweet wine 624:637 the sweet wine 624:637 Prior to the evaluation, with the exception of the sweet wine, the wines were adjusted to the same ethanol content and aromatized with a mixture of four target volatile compounds. 24328128 2 26 theme panelists 375:383 arg1 breath 361:366 the exhaled breath 349:366 the exhaled breath of six panelists previously trained in a specific consumption procedure 349:438 For this purpose, a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device (RATD) was used to entrap the exhaled breath of six panelists previously trained in a specific consumption procedure. 24328128 8 27 theme aroma 1279:1283 arg1 release 1285:1291 a significantly higher aroma release 1256:1291 a significantly higher aroma release than the consumption of white and sweet wines 1256:1337 The consumption of red wines provoked a significantly higher aroma release than the consumption of white and sweet wines. 24328128 9 28 theme residual 1465:1472 arg1 samples 1393:1399 the wine samples 1384:1399 the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds) 1384:1506 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 9 28 theme residual 1465:1472 arg1 sugar 1474:1478 residual sugar 1465:1478 residual sugar 1465:1478 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 1 29 theme nonvolatile 109:119 arg1 composition 133:143 the nonvolatile wine matrix composition 105:143 the nonvolatile wine matrix composition 105:143 The impact of the nonvolatile wine matrix composition on the retronasal aroma release of four volatile compounds added to different types of wines has been evaluated. 24328128 2 30 theme consumption 418:428 arg1 procedure 430:438 a specific consumption procedure 407:438 a specific consumption procedure 407:438 For this purpose, a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device (RATD) was used to entrap the exhaled breath of six panelists previously trained in a specific consumption procedure. 24328128 2 31 theme exhaled 353:359 arg1 breath 361:366 the exhaled breath 349:366 the exhaled breath of six panelists previously trained in a specific consumption procedure 349:438 For this purpose, a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device (RATD) was used to entrap the exhaled breath of six panelists previously trained in a specific consumption procedure. 24328128 0 32 theme wine 26:29 arg1 composition 38:48 the nonvolatile wine matrix composition 10:48 the nonvolatile wine matrix composition 10:48 Impact of the nonvolatile wine matrix composition on the in vivo aroma release from wines. 24328128 7 33 theme wine 1187:1190 arg1 consumption 1192:1202 wine consumption 1187:1202 wine consumption 1187:1202 A significant influence of the matrix composition in the low aroma releasers group during wine consumption was observed. 24328128 3 34 theme sweet 549:553 arg1 wine 555:558 a sweet wine 547:558 a sweet wine 547:558 Five wines of different composition (white wine, sparkling white wine, young red wine, aged red wine, and a sweet wine) were evaluated. 24328128 2 35 theme trapping 307:314 arg1 RATD 324:327 RATD 324:327 RATD 324:327 For this purpose, a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device (RATD) was used to entrap the exhaled breath of six panelists previously trained in a specific consumption procedure. 24328128 2 35 theme trapping 307:314 arg1 device 316:321 a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device 276:321 a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device (RATD) 276:328 For this purpose, a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device (RATD) was used to entrap the exhaled breath of six panelists previously trained in a specific consumption procedure. 24328128 0 36 theme composition 38:48 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of the nonvolatile wine matrix composition on the in vivo aroma release from wines. 0:89 Impact of the nonvolatile wine matrix composition on the in vivo aroma release from wines. 24328128 9 37 theme nitrogenous 1485:1495 arg1 compounds 1497:1505 nitrogenous compounds 1485:1505 nitrogenous compounds 1485:1505 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 9 38 theme polyphenols 1529:1539 arg1 amount 1513:1518 the amount 1509:1518 the amount of total polyphenols 1509:1539 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 9 38 theme polyphenols 1529:1539 arg1 polyphenols 1529:1539 total polyphenols 1523:1539 total polyphenols 1523:1539 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 8 39 theme white 1317:1321 arg1 wines 1333:1337 white and sweet wines 1317:1337 white and sweet wines 1317:1337 The consumption of red wines provoked a significantly higher aroma release than the consumption of white and sweet wines. 24328128 2 40 theme retronasal 290:299 arg1 RATD 324:327 RATD 324:327 RATD 324:327 For this purpose, a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device (RATD) was used to entrap the exhaled breath of six panelists previously trained in a specific consumption procedure. 24328128 2 40 theme retronasal 290:299 arg1 device 316:321 a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device 276:321 a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device (RATD) 276:328 For this purpose, a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device (RATD) was used to entrap the exhaled breath of six panelists previously trained in a specific consumption procedure. 24328128 1 41 theme compounds 194:202 arg1 release 169:175 the retronasal aroma release 148:175 the retronasal aroma release of four volatile compounds added to different types of wines 148:236 The impact of the nonvolatile wine matrix composition on the retronasal aroma release of four volatile compounds added to different types of wines has been evaluated. 24328128 5 42 theme aroma 877:881 arg1 release 883:889 aroma release 877:889 aroma release 877:889 Aroma release data were submitted to multivariate statistical analysis in order to relate wine chemical composition and aroma release during wine drinking. 24328128 7 43 theme aroma 1158:1162 arg1 group 1174:1178 the low aroma releasers group 1150:1178 the low aroma releasers group 1150:1178 A significant influence of the matrix composition in the low aroma releasers group during wine consumption was observed. 24328128 8 44 theme sweet 1327:1331 arg1 wines 1333:1337 white and sweet wines 1317:1337 white and sweet wines 1317:1337 The consumption of red wines provoked a significantly higher aroma release than the consumption of white and sweet wines. 24328128 3 45 theme composition 465:475 arg1 wines 446:450 Five wines 441:450 Five wines of different composition (white wine, sparkling white wine, young red wine, aged red wine, and a sweet wine) 441:559 Five wines of different composition (white wine, sparkling white wine, young red wine, aged red wine, and a sweet wine) were evaluated. 24328128 7 46 theme significant 1099:1109 arg1 influence 1111:1119 A significant influence 1097:1119 A significant influence of the matrix composition in the low aroma releasers group during wine consumption 1097:1202 A significant influence of the matrix composition in the low aroma releasers group during wine consumption was observed. 24328128 4 47 theme target 730:735 arg1 compounds 746:754 four target volatile compounds 725:754 four target volatile compounds 725:754 Prior to the evaluation, with the exception of the sweet wine, the wines were adjusted to the same ethanol content and aromatized with a mixture of four target volatile compounds. 24328128 7 48 theme composition 1135:1145 arg1 influence 1111:1119 A significant influence 1097:1119 A significant influence of the matrix composition in the low aroma releasers group during wine consumption 1097:1202 A significant influence of the matrix composition in the low aroma releasers group during wine consumption was observed. 24328128 1 49 theme wines 232:236 arg1 types 223:227 different types 213:227 different types of wines 213:236 The impact of the nonvolatile wine matrix composition on the retronasal aroma release of four volatile compounds added to different types of wines has been evaluated. 24328128 4 50 theme compounds 746:754 arg1 mixture 714:720 a mixture 712:720 a mixture of four target volatile compounds 712:754 Prior to the evaluation, with the exception of the sweet wine, the wines were adjusted to the same ethanol content and aromatized with a mixture of four target volatile compounds. 24328128 9 51 theme total 1406:1410 arg1 samples 1393:1399 the wine samples 1384:1399 the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds) 1384:1506 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 9 51 theme total 1406:1410 arg1 acidity 1412:1418 total acidity 1406:1418 total acidity 1406:1418 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 3 52 theme white 478:482 arg1 wine 484:487 white wine 478:487 white wine 478:487 Five wines of different composition (white wine, sparkling white wine, young red wine, aged red wine, and a sweet wine) were evaluated. 24328128 1 53 theme retronasal 152:161 arg1 release 169:175 the retronasal aroma release 148:175 the retronasal aroma release of four volatile compounds added to different types of wines 148:236 The impact of the nonvolatile wine matrix composition on the retronasal aroma release of four volatile compounds added to different types of wines has been evaluated. 24328128 3 54 theme white 500:504 arg1 wine 506:509 sparkling white wine 490:509 sparkling white wine 490:509 Five wines of different composition (white wine, sparkling white wine, young red wine, aged red wine, and a sweet wine) were evaluated. 24328128 9 55 theme chemical 1349:1356 arg1 composition 1358:1368 the chemical composition 1345:1368 the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds) 1345:1506 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 9 56 theme observed 1572:1579 arg1 effect 1581:1586 the observed effect 1568:1586 the observed effect 1568:1586 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 3 57 theme red 518:520 arg1 wine 522:525 young red wine 512:525 young red wine 512:525 Five wines of different composition (white wine, sparkling white wine, young red wine, aged red wine, and a sweet wine) were evaluated. 24328128 5 58 theme multivariate 794:805 arg1 analysis 819:826 multivariate statistical analysis 794:826 multivariate statistical analysis 794:826 Aroma release data were submitted to multivariate statistical analysis in order to relate wine chemical composition and aroma release during wine drinking. 24328128 9 59 dep samples 1393:1399 arg1 acidity 1412:1418 total acidity 1406:1418 total acidity 1406:1418 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 9 59 dep samples 1393:1399 arg1 polysaccharides 1448:1462 neutral polysaccharides 1440:1462 neutral polysaccharides 1440:1462 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 9 59 dep samples 1393:1399 arg1 compounds 1497:1505 nitrogenous compounds 1485:1505 nitrogenous compounds 1485:1505 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 9 59 dep samples 1393:1399 arg1 samples 1393:1399 the wine samples 1384:1399 the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds) 1384:1506 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 9 59 dep samples 1393:1399 arg1 polyphenols 1427:1437 total polyphenols 1421:1437 total polyphenols 1421:1437 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 9 59 dep samples 1393:1399 arg1 sugar 1474:1478 residual sugar 1465:1478 residual sugar 1465:1478 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 9 59 dep samples 1393:1399 arg1 pH 1402:1403 pH 1402:1403 pH 1402:1403 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 0 60 theme in 57:58 arg1 release 71:77 the in vivo aroma release 53:77 the in vivo aroma release from wines 53:88 Impact of the nonvolatile wine matrix composition on the in vivo aroma release from wines. 24328128 3 61 theme red 533:535 arg1 wine 537:540 aged red wine 528:540 aged red wine 528:540 Five wines of different composition (white wine, sparkling white wine, young red wine, aged red wine, and a sweet wine) were evaluated. 24328128 5 62 theme Aroma 757:761 arg1 data 771:774 Aroma release data 757:774 Aroma release data 757:774 Aroma release data were submitted to multivariate statistical analysis in order to relate wine chemical composition and aroma release during wine drinking. 24328128 6 63 theme breathing 1077:1085 arg1 capacity 1087:1094 their breathing capacity 1071:1094 their breathing capacity 1071:1094 Results showed interindividual differences and a clustering of panelists among lower and higher aroma releasers, which was in agreement to the differences in their breathing capacity. 24328128 0 64 theme aroma 65:69 arg1 release 71:77 the in vivo aroma release 53:77 the in vivo aroma release from wines 53:88 Impact of the nonvolatile wine matrix composition on the in vivo aroma release from wines. 24328128 1 65 theme matrix 126:131 arg1 composition 133:143 the nonvolatile wine matrix composition 105:143 the nonvolatile wine matrix composition 105:143 The impact of the nonvolatile wine matrix composition on the retronasal aroma release of four volatile compounds added to different types of wines has been evaluated. 24328128 9 66 theme total 1421:1425 arg1 polyphenols 1427:1437 total polyphenols 1421:1437 total polyphenols 1421:1437 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 9 66 theme total 1421:1425 arg1 samples 1393:1399 the wine samples 1384:1399 the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds) 1384:1506 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 6 67 from differences 1056:1066 arg1 capacity 1087:1094 their breathing capacity 1071:1094 their breathing capacity 1071:1094 Results showed interindividual differences and a clustering of panelists among lower and higher aroma releasers, which was in agreement to the differences in their breathing capacity. 24328128 6 68 theme aroma 1009:1013 arg1 releasers 1015:1023 lower and higher aroma releasers 992:1023 lower and higher aroma releasers 992:1023 Results showed interindividual differences and a clustering of panelists among lower and higher aroma releasers, which was in agreement to the differences in their breathing capacity. 24328128 5 69 theme chemical 852:859 arg1 composition 861:871 wine chemical composition 847:871 wine chemical composition 847:871 Aroma release data were submitted to multivariate statistical analysis in order to relate wine chemical composition and aroma release during wine drinking. 24328128 6 70 theme panelists 976:984 arg1 differences 944:954 interindividual differences 928:954 interindividual differences 928:954 Results showed interindividual differences and a clustering of panelists among lower and higher aroma releasers, which was in agreement to the differences in their breathing capacity. 24328128 6 70 theme panelists 976:984 arg1 clustering 962:971 a clustering 960:971 a clustering of panelists among lower and higher aroma releasers, which was in agreement to the differences in their breathing capacity 960:1094 Results showed interindividual differences and a clustering of panelists among lower and higher aroma releasers, which was in agreement to the differences in their breathing capacity. 24328128 8 71 theme wines 1241:1245 arg1 consumption 1222:1232 The consumption 1218:1232 The consumption of red wines 1218:1245 The consumption of red wines provoked a significantly higher aroma release than the consumption of white and sweet wines. 24328128 9 72 theme neutral 1440:1446 arg1 polysaccharides 1448:1462 neutral polysaccharides 1440:1462 neutral polysaccharides 1440:1462 From the chemical composition determined in the wine samples (pH, total acidity, total polyphenols, neutral polysaccharides, residual sugar, and nitrogenous compounds), the amount of total polyphenols was better correlated with the observed effect. 24328128 0 73 theme nonvolatile 14:24 arg1 composition 38:48 the nonvolatile wine matrix composition 10:48 the nonvolatile wine matrix composition 10:48 Impact of the nonvolatile wine matrix composition on the in vivo aroma release from wines. 24328128 4 74 theme ethanol 676:682 arg1 content 684:690 the same ethanol content 667:690 the same ethanol content 667:690 Prior to the evaluation, with the exception of the sweet wine, the wines were adjusted to the same ethanol content and aromatized with a mixture of four target volatile compounds. 24328128 1 75 from impact 95:100 arg1 release 169:175 the retronasal aroma release 148:175 the retronasal aroma release of four volatile compounds added to different types of wines 148:236 The impact of the nonvolatile wine matrix composition on the retronasal aroma release of four volatile compounds added to different types of wines has been evaluated. 24328128 0 76 dep in 57:58 arg1 vivo 60:63 vivo 60:63 vivo 60:63 Impact of the nonvolatile wine matrix composition on the in vivo aroma release from wines. 24328128 8 77 theme higher 1272:1277 arg1 release 1285:1291 a significantly higher aroma release 1256:1291 a significantly higher aroma release than the consumption of white and sweet wines 1256:1337 The consumption of red wines provoked a significantly higher aroma release than the consumption of white and sweet wines. 24328128 0 78 theme matrix 31:36 arg1 composition 38:48 the nonvolatile wine matrix composition 10:48 the nonvolatile wine matrix composition 10:48 Impact of the nonvolatile wine matrix composition on the in vivo aroma release from wines. 24328128 5 79 theme wine 898:901 arg1 drinking 903:910 wine drinking 898:910 wine drinking 898:910 Aroma release data were submitted to multivariate statistical analysis in order to relate wine chemical composition and aroma release during wine drinking. 24328128 6 80 theme interindividual 928:942 arg1 differences 944:954 interindividual differences 928:954 interindividual differences 928:954 Results showed interindividual differences and a clustering of panelists among lower and higher aroma releasers, which was in agreement to the differences in their breathing capacity. 24328128 2 81 theme specific 409:416 arg1 procedure 430:438 a specific consumption procedure 407:438 a specific consumption procedure 407:438 For this purpose, a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device (RATD) was used to entrap the exhaled breath of six panelists previously trained in a specific consumption procedure. 24328128 7 82 theme releasers 1164:1172 arg1 group 1174:1178 the low aroma releasers group 1150:1178 the low aroma releasers group 1150:1178 A significant influence of the matrix composition in the low aroma releasers group during wine consumption was observed. 24328128 1 83 theme wine 121:124 arg1 composition 133:143 the nonvolatile wine matrix composition 105:143 the nonvolatile wine matrix composition 105:143 The impact of the nonvolatile wine matrix composition on the retronasal aroma release of four volatile compounds added to different types of wines has been evaluated. 24328128 2 84 theme aroma 301:305 arg1 RATD 324:327 RATD 324:327 RATD 324:327 For this purpose, a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device (RATD) was used to entrap the exhaled breath of six panelists previously trained in a specific consumption procedure. 24328128 2 84 theme aroma 301:305 arg1 device 316:321 a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device 276:321 a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device (RATD) 276:328 For this purpose, a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device (RATD) was used to entrap the exhaled breath of six panelists previously trained in a specific consumption procedure. 24328128 7 85 theme low 1154:1156 arg1 group 1174:1178 the low aroma releasers group 1150:1178 the low aroma releasers group 1150:1178 A significant influence of the matrix composition in the low aroma releasers group during wine consumption was observed. 24328128 2 86 theme tailor-made 278:288 arg1 RATD 324:327 RATD 324:327 RATD 324:327 For this purpose, a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device (RATD) was used to entrap the exhaled breath of six panelists previously trained in a specific consumption procedure. 24328128 2 86 theme tailor-made 278:288 arg1 device 316:321 a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device 276:321 a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device (RATD) 276:328 For this purpose, a tailor-made retronasal aroma trapping device (RATD) was used to entrap the exhaled breath of six panelists previously trained in a specific consumption procedure. 24328128 6 87 theme higher 1002:1007 arg1 releasers 1015:1023 lower and higher aroma releasers 992:1023 lower and higher aroma releasers 992:1023 Results showed interindividual differences and a clustering of panelists among lower and higher aroma releasers, which was in agreement to the differences in their breathing capacity. 24328128 4 88 theme same 671:674 arg1 content 684:690 the same ethanol content 667:690 the same ethanol content 667:690 Prior to the evaluation, with the exception of the sweet wine, the wines were adjusted to the same ethanol content and aromatized with a mixture of four target volatile compounds. 24328128 7 89 theme matrix 1128:1133 arg1 composition 1135:1145 the matrix composition 1124:1145 the matrix composition in the low aroma releasers group 1124:1178 A significant influence of the matrix composition in the low aroma releasers group during wine consumption was observed. 24328128 1 90 theme different 213:221 arg1 types 223:227 different types 213:227 different types of wines 213:236 The impact of the nonvolatile wine matrix composition on the retronasal aroma release of four volatile compounds added to different types of wines has been evaluated. 28758665 4 0 dep and 957:959 arg1 so 966:967 so 966:967 so 966:967 Our data demonstrates that the effective stiffness of the linker peptides, as quantified by the equilibrium fluctuations in the end-to-end distances, depends primarily on the length of the linker and less so on the specific amino acid sequence. 28758665 8 1 theme linkers 1732:1738 arg1 length 1722:1727 the length 1718:1727 the length of linkers 1718:1738 We give experimentally testable predictions on structural changes in protein domains that depend on the length of linkers. 28758665 0 2 from complexes 155:163 arg1 conformations 94:106 the conformations 90:106 the conformations of protein domains in cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes 90:163 The length but not the sequence of peptide linker modules exerts the primary influence on the conformations of protein domains in cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes. 28758665 2 3 theme possible 537:544 arg1 roles 546:550 possible roles 537:550 possible roles 537:550 X-ray and physicochemical structural characterisations show that cellulosomes are composed of numerous protein domains that are connected by unstructured polypeptide segments, yet the properties and possible roles of these 'linker' peptides are largely unknown. 28758665 3 4 theme compositions 747:758 arg1 linkers 714:720 cellulosomal linkers 701:720 cellulosomal linkers of different lengths and compositions 701:758 We have performed coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics computer simulations of a number of cellulosomal linkers of different lengths and compositions. 28758665 7 5 theme two-cohesin 1535:1545 arg1 system 1547:1552 a two-cohesin system 1533:1552 a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus 1533:1615 We demonstrate that short, stiff linkers induce significant rearrangements in the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. 28758665 7 6 theme scaffoldin 1571:1580 arg1 ScaB 1582:1585 the scaffoldin ScaB 1567:1585 the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus 1567:1615 We demonstrate that short, stiff linkers induce significant rearrangements in the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. 28758665 8 7 theme protein 1687:1693 arg1 domains 1695:1701 protein domains 1687:1701 protein domains 1687:1701 We give experimentally testable predictions on structural changes in protein domains that depend on the length of linkers. 28758665 2 8 theme peptides 570:577 arg1 properties 522:531 properties 522:531 properties 522:531 X-ray and physicochemical structural characterisations show that cellulosomes are composed of numerous protein domains that are connected by unstructured polypeptide segments, yet the properties and possible roles of these 'linker' peptides are largely unknown. 28758665 2 8 theme peptides 570:577 arg1 roles 546:550 possible roles 537:550 possible roles 537:550 X-ray and physicochemical structural characterisations show that cellulosomes are composed of numerous protein domains that are connected by unstructured polypeptide segments, yet the properties and possible roles of these 'linker' peptides are largely unknown. 28758665 4 9 theme acid 991:994 arg1 sequence 996:1003 the specific amino acid sequence 972:1003 the specific amino acid sequence 972:1003 Our data demonstrates that the effective stiffness of the linker peptides, as quantified by the equilibrium fluctuations in the end-to-end distances, depends primarily on the length of the linker and less so on the specific amino acid sequence. 28758665 6 10 theme linkers 1215:1221 arg1 presence 1199:1206 the presence 1195:1206 the presence of the linkers 1195:1221 Simultaneously, the presence of the linkers alters the conformations of the protein domains that are connected. 28758665 1 11 theme plant 281:285 arg1 polysaccharides 297:311 plant cell-wall polysaccharides 281:311 plant cell-wall polysaccharides 281:311 Cellulosomes are large multi-protein catalysts produced by various anaerobic microorganisms to efficiently degrade plant cell-wall polysaccharides down into simple sugars. 28758665 0 12 theme primary 69:75 arg1 influence 77:85 the primary influence 65:85 the primary influence on the conformations of protein domains in cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes 65:163 The length but not the sequence of peptide linker modules exerts the primary influence on the conformations of protein domains in cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes. 28758665 7 13 theme thermocellum 1506:1517 arg1 Cel8A-ScafT 1478:1488 Cel8A-ScafT 1478:1488 Cel8A-ScafT 1478:1488 We demonstrate that short, stiff linkers induce significant rearrangements in the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. 28758665 7 13 theme thermocellum 1506:1517 arg1 ScafT 1471:1475 scaffoldin ScafT 1460:1475 scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum 1460:1517 We demonstrate that short, stiff linkers induce significant rearrangements in the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. 28758665 2 14 dep properties 522:531 arg1 the 518:520 the 518:520 the 518:520 X-ray and physicochemical structural characterisations show that cellulosomes are composed of numerous protein domains that are connected by unstructured polypeptide segments, yet the properties and possible roles of these 'linker' peptides are largely unknown. 28758665 4 15 theme peptides 826:833 arg1 stiffness 802:810 the effective stiffness 788:810 the effective stiffness of the linker peptides 788:833 Our data demonstrates that the effective stiffness of the linker peptides, as quantified by the equilibrium fluctuations in the end-to-end distances, depends primarily on the length of the linker and less so on the specific amino acid sequence. 28758665 1 16 theme cell-wall 287:295 arg1 polysaccharides 297:311 plant cell-wall polysaccharides 281:311 plant cell-wall polysaccharides 281:311 Cellulosomes are large multi-protein catalysts produced by various anaerobic microorganisms to efficiently degrade plant cell-wall polysaccharides down into simple sugars. 28758665 7 17 theme short 1311:1315 arg1 linkers 1324:1330 short, stiff linkers 1311:1330 short, stiff linkers 1311:1330 We demonstrate that short, stiff linkers induce significant rearrangements in the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. 28758665 8 18 from predictions 1650:1660 arg1 changes 1676:1682 structural changes 1665:1682 structural changes in protein domains 1665:1701 We give experimentally testable predictions on structural changes in protein domains that depend on the length of linkers. 28758665 5 19 theme excluded 1022:1029 arg1 volume 1031:1036 excluded volume - 1022:1038 excluded volume - provided by the domains that are connected 1022:1081 The presence of excluded volume - provided by the domains that are connected - dampens the motion of the linker residues and reduces the effective stiffness of the linkers. 28758665 7 20 theme cellulolyticus 1602:1615 arg1 ScaB 1582:1585 the scaffoldin ScaB 1567:1585 the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus 1567:1615 We demonstrate that short, stiff linkers induce significant rearrangements in the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. 28758665 5 21 theme volume 1031:1036 arg1 presence 1010:1017 The presence 1006:1017 The presence of excluded volume - provided by the domains that are connected 1006:1081 The presence of excluded volume - provided by the domains that are connected - dampens the motion of the linker residues and reduces the effective stiffness of the linkers. 28758665 2 22 theme protein 441:447 arg1 domains 449:455 numerous protein domains 432:455 numerous protein domains that are connected by unstructured polypeptide segments 432:511 X-ray and physicochemical structural characterisations show that cellulosomes are composed of numerous protein domains that are connected by unstructured polypeptide segments, yet the properties and possible roles of these 'linker' peptides are largely unknown. 28758665 5 23 theme linker 1111:1116 arg1 residues 1118:1125 the linker residues 1107:1125 the linker residues 1107:1125 The presence of excluded volume - provided by the domains that are connected - dampens the motion of the linker residues and reduces the effective stiffness of the linkers. 28758665 5 24 theme effective 1143:1151 arg1 stiffness 1153:1161 the effective stiffness 1139:1161 the effective stiffness of the linkers 1139:1176 The presence of excluded volume - provided by the domains that are connected - dampens the motion of the linker residues and reduces the effective stiffness of the linkers. 28758665 4 25 dep so 966:967 arg1 less 961:964 less 961:964 less 961:964 Our data demonstrates that the effective stiffness of the linker peptides, as quantified by the equilibrium fluctuations in the end-to-end distances, depends primarily on the length of the linker and less so on the specific amino acid sequence. 28758665 8 26 theme structural 1665:1674 arg1 changes 1676:1682 structural changes 1665:1682 structural changes in protein domains 1665:1701 We give experimentally testable predictions on structural changes in protein domains that depend on the length of linkers. 28758665 2 27 theme numerous 432:439 arg1 domains 449:455 numerous protein domains 432:455 numerous protein domains that are connected by unstructured polypeptide segments 432:511 X-ray and physicochemical structural characterisations show that cellulosomes are composed of numerous protein domains that are connected by unstructured polypeptide segments, yet the properties and possible roles of these 'linker' peptides are largely unknown. 28758665 4 28 theme amino 985:989 arg1 sequence 996:1003 the specific amino acid sequence 972:1003 the specific amino acid sequence 972:1003 Our data demonstrates that the effective stiffness of the linker peptides, as quantified by the equilibrium fluctuations in the end-to-end distances, depends primarily on the length of the linker and less so on the specific amino acid sequence. 28758665 2 29 theme X-ray 338:342 arg1 characterisations 375:391 X-ray and physicochemical structural characterisations 338:391 characterisations 375:391 X-ray and physicochemical structural characterisations show that cellulosomes are composed of numerous protein domains that are connected by unstructured polypeptide segments, yet the properties and possible roles of these 'linker' peptides are largely unknown. 28758665 8 30 from changes 1676:1682 arg1 domains 1695:1701 protein domains 1687:1701 protein domains 1687:1701 We give experimentally testable predictions on structural changes in protein domains that depend on the length of linkers. 28758665 1 31 theme large 183:187 arg1 catalysts 203:211 large multi-protein catalysts 183:211 large multi-protein catalysts produced by various anaerobic microorganisms to efficiently degrade plant cell-wall polysaccharides down into simple sugars 183:335 Cellulosomes are large multi-protein catalysts produced by various anaerobic microorganisms to efficiently degrade plant cell-wall polysaccharides down into simple sugars. 28758665 1 31 theme large 183:187 arg1 Cellulosomes 166:177 Cellulosomes 166:177 Cellulosomes 166:177 Cellulosomes are large multi-protein catalysts produced by various anaerobic microorganisms to efficiently degrade plant cell-wall polysaccharides down into simple sugars. 28758665 2 32 theme polypeptide 492:502 arg1 segments 504:511 unstructured polypeptide segments 479:511 unstructured polypeptide segments 479:511 X-ray and physicochemical structural characterisations show that cellulosomes are composed of numerous protein domains that are connected by unstructured polypeptide segments, yet the properties and possible roles of these 'linker' peptides are largely unknown. 28758665 7 33 theme scaffoldin 1460:1469 arg1 Cel8A-ScafT 1478:1488 Cel8A-ScafT 1478:1488 Cel8A-ScafT 1478:1488 We demonstrate that short, stiff linkers induce significant rearrangements in the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. 28758665 7 33 theme scaffoldin 1460:1469 arg1 ScafT 1471:1475 scaffoldin ScafT 1460:1475 scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum 1460:1517 We demonstrate that short, stiff linkers induce significant rearrangements in the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. 28758665 4 34 theme end-to-end 889:898 arg1 distances 900:908 the end-to-end distances 885:908 the end-to-end distances 885:908 Our data demonstrates that the effective stiffness of the linker peptides, as quantified by the equilibrium fluctuations in the end-to-end distances, depends primarily on the length of the linker and less so on the specific amino acid sequence. 28758665 4 35 theme linker 819:824 arg1 peptides 826:833 the linker peptides 815:833 the linker peptides 815:833 Our data demonstrates that the effective stiffness of the linker peptides, as quantified by the equilibrium fluctuations in the end-to-end distances, depends primarily on the length of the linker and less so on the specific amino acid sequence. 28758665 7 36 theme endoglucanase 1424:1436 arg1 Cel8A 1438:1442 endoglucanase Cel8A 1424:1442 endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus 1424:1615 We demonstrate that short, stiff linkers induce significant rearrangements in the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. 28758665 1 37 theme multi-protein 189:201 arg1 catalysts 203:211 large multi-protein catalysts 183:211 large multi-protein catalysts produced by various anaerobic microorganisms to efficiently degrade plant cell-wall polysaccharides down into simple sugars 183:335 Cellulosomes are large multi-protein catalysts produced by various anaerobic microorganisms to efficiently degrade plant cell-wall polysaccharides down into simple sugars. 28758665 1 37 theme multi-protein 189:201 arg1 Cellulosomes 166:177 Cellulosomes 166:177 Cellulosomes 166:177 Cellulosomes are large multi-protein catalysts produced by various anaerobic microorganisms to efficiently degrade plant cell-wall polysaccharides down into simple sugars. 28758665 2 38 theme unstructured 479:490 arg1 segments 504:511 unstructured polypeptide segments 479:511 unstructured polypeptide segments 479:511 X-ray and physicochemical structural characterisations show that cellulosomes are composed of numerous protein domains that are connected by unstructured polypeptide segments, yet the properties and possible roles of these 'linker' peptides are largely unknown. 28758665 7 39 dep short 1311:1315 arg1 stiff 1318:1322 stiff 1318:1322 stiff 1318:1322 We demonstrate that short, stiff linkers induce significant rearrangements in the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. 28758665 3 40 theme cellulosomal 701:712 arg1 linkers 714:720 cellulosomal linkers 701:720 cellulosomal linkers of different lengths and compositions 701:758 We have performed coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics computer simulations of a number of cellulosomal linkers of different lengths and compositions. 28758665 7 41 from Cel8A 1438:1442 arg1 complex 1447:1453 complex 1447:1453 complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum 1447:1517 We demonstrate that short, stiff linkers induce significant rearrangements in the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. 28758665 7 41 from Cel8A 1438:1442 arg1 system 1547:1552 a two-cohesin system 1533:1552 a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus 1533:1615 We demonstrate that short, stiff linkers induce significant rearrangements in the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. 28758665 7 42 theme significant 1339:1349 arg1 rearrangements 1351:1364 significant rearrangements 1339:1364 significant rearrangements 1339:1364 We demonstrate that short, stiff linkers induce significant rearrangements in the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. 28758665 5 43 theme linkers 1170:1176 arg1 stiffness 1153:1161 the effective stiffness 1139:1161 the effective stiffness of the linkers 1139:1176 The presence of excluded volume - provided by the domains that are connected - dampens the motion of the linker residues and reduces the effective stiffness of the linkers. 28758665 1 44 theme simple 323:328 arg1 sugars 330:335 simple sugars 323:335 simple sugars 323:335 Cellulosomes are large multi-protein catalysts produced by various anaerobic microorganisms to efficiently degrade plant cell-wall polysaccharides down into simple sugars. 28758665 0 45 theme domains 119:125 arg1 conformations 94:106 the conformations 90:106 the conformations of protein domains in cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes 90:163 The length but not the sequence of peptide linker modules exerts the primary influence on the conformations of protein domains in cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes. 28758665 3 46 theme linkers 714:720 arg1 number 691:696 a number 689:696 a number of cellulosomal linkers of different lengths and compositions 689:758 We have performed coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics computer simulations of a number of cellulosomal linkers of different lengths and compositions. 28758665 3 47 theme molecular 646:654 arg1 dynamics 656:663 coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics 618:663 dynamics 656:663 We have performed coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics computer simulations of a number of cellulosomal linkers of different lengths and compositions. 28758665 3 48 dep dynamics 656:663 arg1 simulations 674:684 computer simulations 665:684 coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics computer simulations of a number of cellulosomal linkers of different lengths and compositions 618:758 We have performed coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics computer simulations of a number of cellulosomal linkers of different lengths and compositions. 28758665 3 49 theme coarse-grained 618:631 arg1 dynamics 656:663 coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics 618:663 dynamics 656:663 We have performed coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics computer simulations of a number of cellulosomal linkers of different lengths and compositions. 28758665 0 50 theme protein 111:117 arg1 domains 119:125 protein domains 111:125 protein domains in cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes 111:163 The length but not the sequence of peptide linker modules exerts the primary influence on the conformations of protein domains in cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes. 28758665 3 51 theme number 691:696 arg1 simulations 674:684 computer simulations 665:684 coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics computer simulations of a number of cellulosomal linkers of different lengths and compositions 618:758 We have performed coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics computer simulations of a number of cellulosomal linkers of different lengths and compositions. 28758665 4 52 dep depends 911:917 arg1 quantified 839:848 quantified 839:848 quantified by the equilibrium fluctuations in the end-to-end distances 839:908 Our data demonstrates that the effective stiffness of the linker peptides, as quantified by the equilibrium fluctuations in the end-to-end distances, depends primarily on the length of the linker and less so on the specific amino acid sequence. 28758665 0 53 theme peptide 35:41 arg1 modules 50:56 peptide linker modules 35:56 peptide linker modules 35:56 The length but not the sequence of peptide linker modules exerts the primary influence on the conformations of protein domains in cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes. 28758665 0 54 theme cellulosome 130:140 arg1 complexes 155:163 cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes 130:163 cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes 130:163 The length but not the sequence of peptide linker modules exerts the primary influence on the conformations of protein domains in cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes. 28758665 5 55 theme residues 1118:1125 arg1 motion 1097:1102 the motion 1093:1102 the motion of the linker residues 1093:1125 The presence of excluded volume - provided by the domains that are connected - dampens the motion of the linker residues and reduces the effective stiffness of the linkers. 28758665 6 56 theme protein 1255:1261 arg1 domains 1263:1269 the protein domains 1251:1269 the protein domains that are connected 1251:1288 Simultaneously, the presence of the linkers alters the conformations of the protein domains that are connected. 28758665 7 57 with complex 1447:1453 arg1 Cel8A-ScafT 1478:1488 Cel8A-ScafT 1478:1488 Cel8A-ScafT 1478:1488 We demonstrate that short, stiff linkers induce significant rearrangements in the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. 28758665 7 57 with complex 1447:1453 arg1 ScafT 1471:1475 scaffoldin ScafT 1460:1475 scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum 1460:1517 We demonstrate that short, stiff linkers induce significant rearrangements in the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. 28758665 7 58 theme Acetivibrio 1590:1600 arg1 cellulolyticus 1602:1615 Acetivibrio cellulolyticus 1590:1615 Acetivibrio cellulolyticus 1590:1615 We demonstrate that short, stiff linkers induce significant rearrangements in the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. 28758665 4 59 theme specific 976:983 arg1 sequence 996:1003 the specific amino acid sequence 972:1003 the specific amino acid sequence 972:1003 Our data demonstrates that the effective stiffness of the linker peptides, as quantified by the equilibrium fluctuations in the end-to-end distances, depends primarily on the length of the linker and less so on the specific amino acid sequence. 28758665 4 60 theme linker 950:955 arg1 length 936:941 the length 932:941 the length of the linker 932:955 Our data demonstrates that the effective stiffness of the linker peptides, as quantified by the equilibrium fluctuations in the end-to-end distances, depends primarily on the length of the linker and less so on the specific amino acid sequence. 28758665 3 61 theme lengths 735:741 arg1 linkers 714:720 cellulosomal linkers 701:720 cellulosomal linkers of different lengths and compositions 701:758 We have performed coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics computer simulations of a number of cellulosomal linkers of different lengths and compositions. 28758665 3 62 theme all-atom 637:644 arg1 dynamics 656:663 coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics 618:663 dynamics 656:663 We have performed coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics computer simulations of a number of cellulosomal linkers of different lengths and compositions. 28758665 7 63 theme folded 1373:1378 arg1 domains 1380:1386 the folded domains 1369:1386 the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus 1369:1615 We demonstrate that short, stiff linkers induce significant rearrangements in the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. 28758665 7 63 theme folded 1373:1378 arg1 mini-cellulosome 1395:1410 the mini-cellulosome 1391:1410 the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus 1391:1615 We demonstrate that short, stiff linkers induce significant rearrangements in the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. 28758665 4 64 theme effective 792:800 arg1 stiffness 802:810 the effective stiffness 788:810 the effective stiffness of the linker peptides 788:833 Our data demonstrates that the effective stiffness of the linker peptides, as quantified by the equilibrium fluctuations in the end-to-end distances, depends primarily on the length of the linker and less so on the specific amino acid sequence. 28758665 8 65 theme testable 1641:1648 arg1 predictions 1650:1660 experimentally testable predictions 1626:1660 experimentally testable predictions on structural changes in protein domains that depend on the length of linkers 1626:1738 We give experimentally testable predictions on structural changes in protein domains that depend on the length of linkers. 28758665 6 66 theme domains 1263:1269 arg1 conformations 1234:1246 the conformations 1230:1246 the conformations of the protein domains that are connected 1230:1288 Simultaneously, the presence of the linkers alters the conformations of the protein domains that are connected. 28758665 2 67 theme structural 364:373 arg1 characterisations 375:391 X-ray and physicochemical structural characterisations 338:391 characterisations 375:391 X-ray and physicochemical structural characterisations show that cellulosomes are composed of numerous protein domains that are connected by unstructured polypeptide segments, yet the properties and possible roles of these 'linker' peptides are largely unknown. 28758665 0 68 from domains 119:125 arg1 complexes 155:163 cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes 130:163 cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes 130:163 The length but not the sequence of peptide linker modules exerts the primary influence on the conformations of protein domains in cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes. 28758665 0 69 theme multi-enzyme 142:153 arg1 complexes 155:163 cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes 130:163 cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes 130:163 The length but not the sequence of peptide linker modules exerts the primary influence on the conformations of protein domains in cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes. 28758665 0 70 from influence 77:85 arg1 conformations 94:106 the conformations 90:106 the conformations of protein domains in cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes 90:163 The length but not the sequence of peptide linker modules exerts the primary influence on the conformations of protein domains in cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes. 28758665 7 71 theme mini-cellulosome 1395:1410 arg1 domains 1380:1386 the folded domains 1369:1386 the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus 1369:1615 We demonstrate that short, stiff linkers induce significant rearrangements in the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. 28758665 7 71 theme mini-cellulosome 1395:1410 arg1 mini-cellulosome 1395:1410 the mini-cellulosome 1391:1410 the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus 1391:1615 We demonstrate that short, stiff linkers induce significant rearrangements in the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. 28758665 4 72 from fluctuations 869:880 arg1 distances 900:908 the end-to-end distances 885:908 the end-to-end distances 885:908 Our data demonstrates that the effective stiffness of the linker peptides, as quantified by the equilibrium fluctuations in the end-to-end distances, depends primarily on the length of the linker and less so on the specific amino acid sequence. 28758665 2 73 theme physicochemical 348:362 arg1 characterisations 375:391 X-ray and physicochemical structural characterisations 338:391 characterisations 375:391 X-ray and physicochemical structural characterisations show that cellulosomes are composed of numerous protein domains that are connected by unstructured polypeptide segments, yet the properties and possible roles of these 'linker' peptides are largely unknown. 28758665 1 74 theme anaerobic 233:241 arg1 microorganisms 243:256 various anaerobic microorganisms 225:256 various anaerobic microorganisms 225:256 Cellulosomes are large multi-protein catalysts produced by various anaerobic microorganisms to efficiently degrade plant cell-wall polysaccharides down into simple sugars. 28758665 0 75 theme modules 50:56 arg1 sequence 23:30 the sequence 19:30 The length but not the sequence of peptide linker modules 0:56 The length but not the sequence of peptide linker modules exerts the primary influence on the conformations of protein domains in cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes. 28758665 3 76 theme different 725:733 arg1 lengths 735:741 different lengths 725:741 different lengths 725:741 We have performed coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics computer simulations of a number of cellulosomal linkers of different lengths and compositions. 28758665 3 77 theme computer 665:672 arg1 simulations 674:684 computer simulations 665:684 coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics computer simulations of a number of cellulosomal linkers of different lengths and compositions 618:758 We have performed coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics computer simulations of a number of cellulosomal linkers of different lengths and compositions. 28758665 7 78 attach derived 1554:1560 arg1 ScaB 1582:1585 the scaffoldin ScaB 1567:1585 the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus 1567:1615 We demonstrate that short, stiff linkers induce significant rearrangements in the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. 28758665 7 78 attach derived 1554:1560 arg2 system 1547:1552 a two-cohesin system 1533:1552 a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus 1533:1615 We demonstrate that short, stiff linkers induce significant rearrangements in the folded domains of the mini-cellulosome composed of endoglucanase Cel8A in complex with scaffoldin ScafT (Cel8A-ScafT) of Clostridium thermocellum as well as in a two-cohesin system derived from the scaffoldin ScaB of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. 28758665 0 79 theme linker 43:48 arg1 modules 50:56 peptide linker modules 35:56 peptide linker modules 35:56 The length but not the sequence of peptide linker modules exerts the primary influence on the conformations of protein domains in cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes. 28758665 4 80 theme equilibrium 857:867 arg1 fluctuations 869:880 the equilibrium fluctuations 853:880 the equilibrium fluctuations in the end-to-end distances 853:908 Our data demonstrates that the effective stiffness of the linker peptides, as quantified by the equilibrium fluctuations in the end-to-end distances, depends primarily on the length of the linker and less so on the specific amino acid sequence. 28758665 1 81 theme various 225:231 arg1 microorganisms 243:256 various anaerobic microorganisms 225:256 various anaerobic microorganisms 225:256 Cellulosomes are large multi-protein catalysts produced by various anaerobic microorganisms to efficiently degrade plant cell-wall polysaccharides down into simple sugars. 28758665 0 82 from conformations 94:106 arg1 complexes 155:163 cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes 130:163 cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes 130:163 The length but not the sequence of peptide linker modules exerts the primary influence on the conformations of protein domains in cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes. 25702500 6 0 theme leptogaster 1085:1095 arg1 vitellocytes 1066:1077 mature vitellocytes 1059:1077 mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis 1059:1110 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 4 1 theme caecum 880:885 arg1 diverticula 887:897 the caecum diverticula 876:897 the caecum diverticula 876:897 Instead, a close relationship between bordering vitelline cells and intestinal cells of numerous branches of the caecum diverticula is observed. 25702500 3 2 theme surrounding 719:729 arg1 tissue 731:736 the surrounding tissue 715:736 the surrounding tissue in C. leptogaster 715:754 Special isolation of the vitellarium from the surrounding tissue in C. leptogaster is absent. 25702500 6 3 theme leptogaster 1237:1247 arg1 cluster 1249:1255 C. leptogaster cluster 1234:1255 C. leptogaster cluster 1234:1255 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 1 4 theme Leuckart 286:293 arg1 follicles 223:231 the vitelline follicles 209:231 the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., 209:507 The ultrastructural features of the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., are described. 25702500 7 5 theme mature 1431:1436 arg1 cells 1448:1452 The mature vitelline cells 1427:1452 The mature vitelline cells of C. leptogaster 1427:1470 The mature vitelline cells of C. leptogaster are recognised by the presence of clusters with granular bodies inside them, these bodies have the same size as vitelline globules. 25702500 6 6 theme different 1156:1164 arg1 number 1166:1171 different number 1156:1171 different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules 1156:1277 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 1 7 theme holocephalan 467:478 arg1 fish 480:483 a holocephalan fish 465:483 a holocephalan fish 465:483 The ultrastructural features of the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., are described. 25702500 6 8 dep 50 1267:1268 arg1 to 1264:1265 to 1264:1265 to 1264:1265 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 2 9 theme single 613:618 arg1 type 620:623 a single type 611:623 a single type 611:623 The vitelline follicles of the studied monogenean species are composed of the cells of a single type, vitellocytes at various stages of development. 25702500 0 10 theme vitelline 137:145 arg1 structure 147:155 vitelline structure 137:155 vitelline structure 137:155 [Cytoarchitecture of the vitellaria of two monogenean species, parasites of the holocephalan fish Chimaera monstrosa L. with analysis of vitelline structure in the Neodermata]. 25702500 2 11 theme studied 555:561 arg1 species 574:580 the studied monogenean species 551:580 the studied monogenean species 551:580 The vitelline follicles of the studied monogenean species are composed of the cells of a single type, vitellocytes at various stages of development. 25702500 3 12 from tissue 731:736 arg1 leptogaster 744:754 C. leptogaster 741:754 C. leptogaster 741:754 Special isolation of the vitellarium from the surrounding tissue in C. leptogaster is absent. 25702500 3 12 from tissue 731:736 arg1 isolation 681:689 Special isolation 673:689 Special isolation of the vitellarium from the surrounding tissue in C. leptogaster 673:754 Special isolation of the vitellarium from the surrounding tissue in C. leptogaster is absent. 25702500 8 13 theme dark 1845:1848 arg1 material 1850:1857 the dark material 1841:1857 the dark material 1841:1857 In developing vitellocytes of C. affinis, the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter are present; in mature vitellocytes, these vesicles are destructed; this process is accompanied by liberation of glycogen rosettes and agglomerate of the dark material. 25702500 6 14 from droplets 1399:1406 arg1 leptogaster 1414:1424 C. leptogaster 1411:1424 C. leptogaster 1411:1424 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 7 15 theme vitelline 1584:1592 arg1 size 1576:1579 the same size 1567:1579 the same size 1567:1579 The mature vitelline cells of C. leptogaster are recognised by the presence of clusters with granular bodies inside them, these bodies have the same size as vitelline globules. 25702500 7 15 theme vitelline 1584:1592 arg1 globules 1594:1601 vitelline globules 1584:1601 vitelline globules 1584:1601 The mature vitelline cells of C. leptogaster are recognised by the presence of clusters with granular bodies inside them, these bodies have the same size as vitelline globules. 25702500 9 16 theme cytoarchitecture 1898:1913 arg1 variations 1874:1883 Morphological variations 1860:1883 Morphological variations of vitelline cytoarchitecture in the Neodermata 1860:1931 Morphological variations of vitelline cytoarchitecture in the Neodermata are discussed. 25702500 6 17 theme C. 1282:1283 arg1 affinis 1285:1291 C. affinis 1282:1291 C. affinis 1282:1291 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 9 18 from variations 1874:1883 arg1 Neodermata 1922:1931 the Neodermata 1918:1931 the Neodermata 1918:1931 Morphological variations of vitelline cytoarchitecture in the Neodermata are discussed. 25702500 6 19 theme globules 1270:1277 arg1 number 1166:1171 different number 1156:1171 different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules 1156:1277 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 8 20 theme mature 1707:1712 arg1 vitellocytes 1714:1725 mature vitellocytes 1707:1725 mature vitellocytes 1707:1725 In developing vitellocytes of C. affinis, the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter are present; in mature vitellocytes, these vesicles are destructed; this process is accompanied by liberation of glycogen rosettes and agglomerate of the dark material. 25702500 2 21 theme species 574:580 arg1 follicles 538:546 The vitelline follicles 524:546 The vitelline follicles of the studied monogenean species 524:580 The vitelline follicles of the studied monogenean species are composed of the cells of a single type, vitellocytes at various stages of development. 25702500 2 22 from stages 650:655 arg1 cells 602:606 the cells 598:606 the cells of a single type 598:623 The vitelline follicles of the studied monogenean species are composed of the cells of a single type, vitellocytes at various stages of development. 25702500 2 22 from stages 650:655 arg1 vitellocytes 626:637 vitellocytes 626:637 vitellocytes at various stages of development 626:670 The vitelline follicles of the studied monogenean species are composed of the cells of a single type, vitellocytes at various stages of development. 25702500 7 23 dep bodies 1529:1534 arg1 inside 1536:1541 inside 1536:1541 inside them 1536:1546 The mature vitelline cells of C. leptogaster are recognised by the presence of clusters with granular bodies inside them, these bodies have the same size as vitelline globules. 25702500 6 24 theme globules 1186:1193 arg1 number 1166:1171 different number 1156:1171 different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules 1156:1277 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 25 theme lipid 1352:1356 arg1 droplets 1358:1365 moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets 1314:1365 moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets 1314:1365 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 26 theme electron-dense 1325:1338 arg1 droplets 1358:1365 moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets 1314:1365 moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets 1314:1365 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 8 27 theme glycogen 1804:1811 arg1 rosettes 1813:1820 glycogen rosettes 1804:1820 glycogen rosettes 1804:1820 In developing vitellocytes of C. affinis, the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter are present; in mature vitellocytes, these vesicles are destructed; this process is accompanied by liberation of glycogen rosettes and agglomerate of the dark material. 25702500 2 28 theme vitelline 528:536 arg1 follicles 538:546 The vitelline follicles 524:546 The vitelline follicles of the studied monogenean species 524:580 The vitelline follicles of the studied monogenean species are composed of the cells of a single type, vitellocytes at various stages of development. 25702500 2 29 theme various 642:648 arg1 stages 650:655 various stages 642:655 various stages of development 642:670 The vitelline follicles of the studied monogenean species are composed of the cells of a single type, vitellocytes at various stages of development. 25702500 0 30 theme holocephalan 80:91 arg1 fish 93:96 the holocephalan fish 76:96 the holocephalan fish 76:96 [Cytoarchitecture of the vitellaria of two monogenean species, parasites of the holocephalan fish Chimaera monstrosa L. with analysis of vitelline structure in the Neodermata]. 25702500 6 31 from presence 1302:1309 arg1 affinis 1373:1379 C. affinis 1370:1379 C. affinis 1370:1379 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 31 from presence 1302:1309 arg1 droplets 1399:1406 heterogeneous droplets 1385:1406 heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster 1385:1424 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 31 from presence 1302:1309 arg1 affinis 1285:1291 C. affinis 1282:1291 C. affinis 1282:1291 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 0 32 dep Chimaera 98:105 arg1 [Cytoarchitecture 0:16 [Cytoarchitecture 0:16 [Cytoarchitecture of the vitellaria of two monogenean species, parasites of the holocephalan fish 0:96 [Cytoarchitecture of the vitellaria of two monogenean species, parasites of the holocephalan fish Chimaera monstrosa L. with analysis of vitelline structure in the Neodermata]. 25702500 0 32 dep Chimaera 98:105 arg1 L. 117:118 Chimaera monstrosa L. 98:118 Chimaera monstrosa L. with analysis of vitelline structure in the Neodermata] 98:174 [Cytoarchitecture of the vitellaria of two monogenean species, parasites of the holocephalan fish Chimaera monstrosa L. with analysis of vitelline structure in the Neodermata]. 25702500 7 33 theme granular 1520:1527 arg1 bodies 1529:1534 granular bodies inside them, these bodies have the same size as vitelline globules 1520:1601 granular bodies inside them, these bodies have the same size as vitelline globules 1520:1601 The mature vitelline cells of C. leptogaster are recognised by the presence of clusters with granular bodies inside them, these bodies have the same size as vitelline globules. 25702500 6 34 attach presence 1302:1309 arg1 affinis 1373:1379 C. affinis 1370:1379 C. affinis 1370:1379 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 34 attach presence 1302:1309 arg2 droplets 1358:1365 moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets 1314:1365 moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets 1314:1365 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 34 attach presence 1302:1309 arg2 number 1166:1171 different number 1156:1171 different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules 1156:1277 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 34 attach presence 1302:1309 arg1 affinis 1285:1291 C. affinis 1282:1291 C. affinis 1282:1291 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 34 attach presence 1302:1309 arg1 droplets 1399:1406 heterogeneous droplets 1385:1406 heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster 1385:1424 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 5 35 theme thin 973:976 arg1 sheath 986:991 a thin fibrous sheath 971:991 a thin fibrous sheath 971:991 However, vitelline follicles of C. affinis are enclosed in a thin fibrous sheath. 25702500 6 36 from number 1166:1171 arg1 cluster 1249:1255 C. leptogaster cluster 1234:1255 C. leptogaster cluster 1234:1255 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 1 37 theme gills 445:449 arg1 gills 445:449 gills 445:449 gills 445:449 The ultrastructural features of the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., are described. 25702500 1 37 theme gills 445:449 arg1 cloaca 455:460 cloaca 455:460 cloaca 455:460 The ultrastructural features of the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., are described. 25702500 1 37 theme gills 445:449 arg1 parasites 428:436 parasites 428:436 parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish 428:483 The ultrastructural features of the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., are described. 25702500 1 37 theme gills 445:449 arg1 Leuckart 286:293 Leuckart 286:293 Leuckart 286:293 The ultrastructural features of the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., are described. 25702500 5 38 theme C. 944:945 arg1 affinis 947:953 C. affinis 944:953 C. affinis 944:953 However, vitelline follicles of C. affinis are enclosed in a thin fibrous sheath. 25702500 6 39 dep leptogaster 1085:1095 arg1 affinis 1104:1110 affinis 1104:1110 affinis 1104:1110 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 40 theme heterogeneous 1385:1397 arg1 droplets 1399:1406 heterogeneous droplets 1385:1406 heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster 1385:1424 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 41 theme vitelline 1037:1045 arg1 material 1047:1054 the vitelline material 1033:1054 the vitelline material 1033:1054 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 4 42 theme vitelline 815:823 arg1 cells 825:829 bordering vitelline cells 805:829 bordering vitelline cells 805:829 Instead, a close relationship between bordering vitelline cells and intestinal cells of numerous branches of the caecum diverticula is observed. 25702500 0 43 theme monogenean 43:52 arg1 fish 93:96 the holocephalan fish 76:96 the holocephalan fish 76:96 [Cytoarchitecture of the vitellaria of two monogenean species, parasites of the holocephalan fish Chimaera monstrosa L. with analysis of vitelline structure in the Neodermata]. 25702500 0 43 theme monogenean 43:52 arg1 parasites 63:71 parasites 63:71 parasites of the holocephalan fish 63:96 [Cytoarchitecture of the vitellaria of two monogenean species, parasites of the holocephalan fish Chimaera monstrosa L. with analysis of vitelline structure in the Neodermata]. 25702500 0 43 theme monogenean 43:52 arg1 species 54:60 two monogenean species 39:60 two monogenean species 39:60 [Cytoarchitecture of the vitellaria of two monogenean species, parasites of the holocephalan fish Chimaera monstrosa L. with analysis of vitelline structure in the Neodermata]. 25702500 4 44 theme intestinal 835:844 arg1 cells 846:850 intestinal cells 835:850 intestinal cells 835:850 Instead, a close relationship between bordering vitelline cells and intestinal cells of numerous branches of the caecum diverticula is observed. 25702500 3 45 theme Special 673:679 arg1 isolation 681:689 Special isolation 673:689 Special isolation of the vitellarium from the surrounding tissue in C. leptogaster 673:754 Special isolation of the vitellarium from the surrounding tissue in C. leptogaster is absent. 25702500 4 46 theme close 778:782 arg1 relationship 784:795 a close relationship 776:795 a close relationship between bordering vitelline cells and intestinal cells of numerous branches of the caecum diverticula 776:897 Instead, a close relationship between bordering vitelline cells and intestinal cells of numerous branches of the caecum diverticula is observed. 25702500 1 47 theme vitelline 213:221 arg1 follicles 223:231 the vitelline follicles 209:231 the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., 209:507 The ultrastructural features of the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., are described. 25702500 7 48 theme leptogaster 1460:1470 arg1 cells 1448:1452 The mature vitelline cells 1427:1452 The mature vitelline cells of C. leptogaster 1427:1470 The mature vitelline cells of C. leptogaster are recognised by the presence of clusters with granular bodies inside them, these bodies have the same size as vitelline globules. 25702500 6 49 dep 30 1219:1220 arg1 to 1216:1217 to 1216:1217 to 1216:1217 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 3 50 theme vitellarium 698:708 arg1 isolation 681:689 Special isolation 673:689 Special isolation of the vitellarium from the surrounding tissue in C. leptogaster 673:754 Special isolation of the vitellarium from the surrounding tissue in C. leptogaster is absent. 25702500 8 51 theme C. 1634:1635 arg1 affinis 1637:1643 C. affinis 1634:1643 C. affinis 1634:1643 In developing vitellocytes of C. affinis, the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter are present; in mature vitellocytes, these vesicles are destructed; this process is accompanied by liberation of glycogen rosettes and agglomerate of the dark material. 25702500 6 52 from globules 1222:1229 arg1 cluster 1249:1255 C. leptogaster cluster 1234:1255 C. leptogaster cluster 1234:1255 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 7 53 theme vitelline 1438:1446 arg1 cells 1448:1452 The mature vitelline cells 1427:1452 The mature vitelline cells of C. leptogaster 1427:1470 The mature vitelline cells of C. leptogaster are recognised by the presence of clusters with granular bodies inside them, these bodies have the same size as vitelline globules. 25702500 4 54 theme branches 864:871 arg1 cells 825:829 bordering vitelline cells 805:829 bordering vitelline cells 805:829 Instead, a close relationship between bordering vitelline cells and intestinal cells of numerous branches of the caecum diverticula is observed. 25702500 4 54 theme branches 864:871 arg1 cells 846:850 intestinal cells 835:850 intestinal cells 835:850 Instead, a close relationship between bordering vitelline cells and intestinal cells of numerous branches of the caecum diverticula is observed. 25702500 1 55 dep gills 445:449 arg1 the 441:443 the 441:443 the 441:443 The ultrastructural features of the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., are described. 25702500 8 56 theme rosettes 1813:1820 arg1 agglomerate 1826:1836 agglomerate 1826:1836 agglomerate of the dark material 1826:1857 In developing vitellocytes of C. affinis, the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter are present; in mature vitellocytes, these vesicles are destructed; this process is accompanied by liberation of glycogen rosettes and agglomerate of the dark material. 25702500 8 56 theme rosettes 1813:1820 arg1 liberation 1790:1799 liberation 1790:1799 liberation of glycogen rosettes 1790:1820 In developing vitellocytes of C. affinis, the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter are present; in mature vitellocytes, these vesicles are destructed; this process is accompanied by liberation of glycogen rosettes and agglomerate of the dark material. 25702500 1 57 theme cloaca 455:460 arg1 gills 445:449 gills 445:449 gills 445:449 The ultrastructural features of the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., are described. 25702500 1 57 theme cloaca 455:460 arg1 cloaca 455:460 cloaca 455:460 cloaca 455:460 The ultrastructural features of the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., are described. 25702500 1 57 theme cloaca 455:460 arg1 parasites 428:436 parasites 428:436 parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish 428:483 The ultrastructural features of the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., are described. 25702500 1 57 theme cloaca 455:460 arg1 Leuckart 286:293 Leuckart 286:293 Leuckart 286:293 The ultrastructural features of the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., are described. 25702500 6 58 theme number 1166:1171 arg1 presence 1144:1151 the presence 1140:1151 the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis 1140:1291 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 58 theme number 1166:1171 arg1 presence 1302:1309 the presence 1298:1309 the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster 1298:1424 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 9 59 theme Morphological 1860:1872 arg1 variations 1874:1883 Morphological variations 1860:1883 Morphological variations of vitelline cytoarchitecture in the Neodermata 1860:1931 Morphological variations of vitelline cytoarchitecture in the Neodermata are discussed. 25702500 6 60 theme C. 1234:1235 arg1 cluster 1249:1255 C. leptogaster cluster 1234:1255 C. leptogaster cluster 1234:1255 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 8 61 theme glycan 1650:1655 arg1 present 1695:1701 present 1695:1701 present 1695:1701 In developing vitellocytes of C. affinis, the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter are present; in mature vitellocytes, these vesicles are destructed; this process is accompanied by liberation of glycogen rosettes and agglomerate of the dark material. 25702500 8 61 theme glycan 1650:1655 arg1 vesicles 1657:1664 the glycan vesicles 1646:1664 the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter 1646:1689 In developing vitellocytes of C. affinis, the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter are present; in mature vitellocytes, these vesicles are destructed; this process is accompanied by liberation of glycogen rosettes and agglomerate of the dark material. 25702500 2 62 theme type 620:623 arg1 cells 602:606 the cells 598:606 the cells of a single type 598:623 The vitelline follicles of the studied monogenean species are composed of the cells of a single type, vitellocytes at various stages of development. 25702500 2 62 theme type 620:623 arg1 vitellocytes 626:637 vitellocytes 626:637 vitellocytes at various stages of development 626:670 The vitelline follicles of the studied monogenean species are composed of the cells of a single type, vitellocytes at various stages of development. 25702500 6 63 theme globules 1222:1229 arg1 number 1166:1171 different number 1156:1171 different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules 1156:1277 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 1 64 theme fish 480:483 arg1 cloaca 455:460 cloaca 455:460 cloaca 455:460 The ultrastructural features of the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., are described. 25702500 1 64 theme fish 480:483 arg1 gills 445:449 gills 445:449 gills 445:449 The ultrastructural features of the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., are described. 25702500 8 65 located present 1695:1701 arg1 vitellocytes 1618:1629 developing vitellocytes 1607:1629 developing vitellocytes of C. affinis 1607:1643 In developing vitellocytes of C. affinis, the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter are present; in mature vitellocytes, these vesicles are destructed; this process is accompanied by liberation of glycogen rosettes and agglomerate of the dark material. 25702500 8 65 located present 1695:1701 arg2 present 1695:1701 present 1695:1701 present 1695:1701 In developing vitellocytes of C. affinis, the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter are present; in mature vitellocytes, these vesicles are destructed; this process is accompanied by liberation of glycogen rosettes and agglomerate of the dark material. 25702500 8 65 located present 1695:1701 arg2 vesicles 1657:1664 the glycan vesicles 1646:1664 the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter 1646:1689 In developing vitellocytes of C. affinis, the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter are present; in mature vitellocytes, these vesicles are destructed; this process is accompanied by liberation of glycogen rosettes and agglomerate of the dark material. 25702500 8 66 from present 1695:1701 arg1 vitellocytes 1618:1629 developing vitellocytes 1607:1629 developing vitellocytes of C. affinis 1607:1643 In developing vitellocytes of C. affinis, the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter are present; in mature vitellocytes, these vesicles are destructed; this process is accompanied by liberation of glycogen rosettes and agglomerate of the dark material. 25702500 8 67 theme material 1850:1857 arg1 agglomerate 1826:1836 agglomerate 1826:1836 agglomerate of the dark material 1826:1857 In developing vitellocytes of C. affinis, the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter are present; in mature vitellocytes, these vesicles are destructed; this process is accompanied by liberation of glycogen rosettes and agglomerate of the dark material. 25702500 8 67 theme material 1850:1857 arg1 liberation 1790:1799 liberation 1790:1799 liberation of glycogen rosettes 1790:1820 In developing vitellocytes of C. affinis, the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter are present; in mature vitellocytes, these vesicles are destructed; this process is accompanied by liberation of glycogen rosettes and agglomerate of the dark material. 25702500 1 68 theme ultrastructural 181:195 arg1 features 197:204 The ultrastructural features 177:204 The ultrastructural features of the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., 177:507 The ultrastructural features of the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., are described. 25702500 4 69 theme numerous 855:862 arg1 branches 864:871 numerous branches 855:871 numerous branches of the caecum diverticula 855:897 Instead, a close relationship between bordering vitelline cells and intestinal cells of numerous branches of the caecum diverticula is observed. 25702500 9 70 theme vitelline 1888:1896 arg1 cytoarchitecture 1898:1913 vitelline cytoarchitecture 1888:1913 vitelline cytoarchitecture 1888:1913 Morphological variations of vitelline cytoarchitecture in the Neodermata are discussed. 25702500 7 71 with clusters 1506:1513 arg1 bodies 1529:1534 granular bodies inside them, these bodies have the same size as vitelline globules 1520:1601 granular bodies inside them, these bodies have the same size as vitelline globules 1520:1601 The mature vitelline cells of C. leptogaster are recognised by the presence of clusters with granular bodies inside them, these bodies have the same size as vitelline globules. 25702500 7 72 theme same 1571:1574 arg1 size 1576:1579 the same size 1567:1579 the same size 1567:1579 The mature vitelline cells of C. leptogaster are recognised by the presence of clusters with granular bodies inside them, these bodies have the same size as vitelline globules. 25702500 7 72 theme same 1571:1574 arg1 globules 1594:1601 vitelline globules 1584:1601 vitelline globules 1584:1601 The mature vitelline cells of C. leptogaster are recognised by the presence of clusters with granular bodies inside them, these bodies have the same size as vitelline globules. 25702500 0 73 theme structure 147:155 arg1 analysis 125:132 analysis 125:132 analysis of vitelline structure 125:155 [Cytoarchitecture of the vitellaria of two monogenean species, parasites of the holocephalan fish Chimaera monstrosa L. with analysis of vitelline structure in the Neodermata]. 25702500 6 74 theme C. 1370:1371 arg1 affinis 1373:1379 C. affinis 1370:1379 C. affinis 1370:1379 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 4 75 theme diverticula 887:897 arg1 branches 864:871 numerous branches 855:871 numerous branches of the caecum diverticula 855:897 Instead, a close relationship between bordering vitelline cells and intestinal cells of numerous branches of the caecum diverticula is observed. 25702500 5 76 theme vitelline 921:929 arg1 follicles 931:939 vitelline follicles 921:939 vitelline follicles of C. affinis 921:953 However, vitelline follicles of C. affinis are enclosed in a thin fibrous sheath. 25702500 2 77 theme monogenean 563:572 arg1 species 574:580 the studied monogenean species 551:580 the studied monogenean species 551:580 The vitelline follicles of the studied monogenean species are composed of the cells of a single type, vitellocytes at various stages of development. 25702500 6 78 attach presence 1144:1151 arg1 affinis 1373:1379 C. affinis 1370:1379 C. affinis 1370:1379 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 78 attach presence 1144:1151 arg2 droplets 1358:1365 moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets 1314:1365 moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets 1314:1365 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 78 attach presence 1144:1151 arg2 number 1166:1171 different number 1156:1171 different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules 1156:1277 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 78 attach presence 1144:1151 arg1 droplets 1399:1406 heterogeneous droplets 1385:1406 heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster 1385:1424 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 78 attach presence 1144:1151 arg1 affinis 1285:1291 C. affinis 1282:1291 C. affinis 1282:1291 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 79 theme droplets 1358:1365 arg1 presence 1144:1151 the presence 1140:1151 the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis 1140:1291 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 79 theme droplets 1358:1365 arg1 presence 1302:1309 the presence 1298:1309 the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster 1298:1424 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 80 from affinis 1373:1379 arg1 leptogaster 1414:1424 C. leptogaster 1411:1424 C. leptogaster 1411:1424 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 81 theme vitelline 1176:1184 arg1 globules 1186:1193 vitelline globules 1176:1193 vitelline globules within a cluster 1176:1210 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 82 from cluster 1249:1255 arg1 number 1166:1171 different number 1156:1171 different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules 1156:1277 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 83 from globules 1186:1193 arg1 cluster 1249:1255 C. leptogaster cluster 1234:1255 C. leptogaster cluster 1234:1255 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 84 theme homogeneous 1340:1350 arg1 droplets 1358:1365 moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets 1314:1365 moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets 1314:1365 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 1 85 dep Chimaera 486:493 arg1 L. 505:506 Chimaera monstrosa L. 486:506 Chimaera monstrosa L. 486:506 The ultrastructural features of the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., are described. 25702500 6 86 from differences 999:1009 arg1 vitellocytes 1066:1077 mature vitellocytes 1059:1077 mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis 1059:1110 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 86 from differences 999:1009 arg1 composition 1018:1028 the composition 1014:1028 the composition of the vitelline material 1014:1054 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 0 87 theme fish 93:96 arg1 fish 93:96 the holocephalan fish 76:96 the holocephalan fish 76:96 [Cytoarchitecture of the vitellaria of two monogenean species, parasites of the holocephalan fish Chimaera monstrosa L. with analysis of vitelline structure in the Neodermata]. 25702500 0 87 theme fish 93:96 arg1 parasites 63:71 parasites 63:71 parasites of the holocephalan fish 63:96 [Cytoarchitecture of the vitellaria of two monogenean species, parasites of the holocephalan fish Chimaera monstrosa L. with analysis of vitelline structure in the Neodermata]. 25702500 0 87 theme fish 93:96 arg1 species 54:60 two monogenean species 39:60 two monogenean species 39:60 [Cytoarchitecture of the vitellaria of two monogenean species, parasites of the holocephalan fish Chimaera monstrosa L. with analysis of vitelline structure in the Neodermata]. 25702500 1 88 theme Scott 378:382 arg1 follicles 223:231 the vitelline follicles 209:231 the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., 209:507 The ultrastructural features of the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., are described. 25702500 7 89 contain have 1562:1565 arg2 globules 1594:1601 vitelline globules 1584:1601 vitelline globules 1584:1601 The mature vitelline cells of C. leptogaster are recognised by the presence of clusters with granular bodies inside them, these bodies have the same size as vitelline globules. 25702500 7 89 contain have 1562:1565 arg2 size 1576:1579 the same size 1567:1579 the same size 1567:1579 The mature vitelline cells of C. leptogaster are recognised by the presence of clusters with granular bodies inside them, these bodies have the same size as vitelline globules. 25702500 7 89 contain have 1562:1565 arg1 bodies 1555:1560 these bodies 1549:1560 these bodies 1549:1560 The mature vitelline cells of C. leptogaster are recognised by the presence of clusters with granular bodies inside them, these bodies have the same size as vitelline globules. 25702500 8 90 from vitellocytes 1618:1629 arg1 present 1695:1701 present 1695:1701 present 1695:1701 In developing vitellocytes of C. affinis, the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter are present; in mature vitellocytes, these vesicles are destructed; this process is accompanied by liberation of glycogen rosettes and agglomerate of the dark material. 25702500 8 90 from vitellocytes 1618:1629 arg1 vesicles 1657:1664 the glycan vesicles 1646:1664 the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter 1646:1689 In developing vitellocytes of C. affinis, the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter are present; in mature vitellocytes, these vesicles are destructed; this process is accompanied by liberation of glycogen rosettes and agglomerate of the dark material. 25702500 6 91 theme mature 1059:1064 arg1 vitellocytes 1066:1077 mature vitellocytes 1059:1077 mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis 1059:1110 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 8 92 attach present 1695:1701 arg1 vitellocytes 1618:1629 developing vitellocytes 1607:1629 developing vitellocytes of C. affinis 1607:1643 In developing vitellocytes of C. affinis, the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter are present; in mature vitellocytes, these vesicles are destructed; this process is accompanied by liberation of glycogen rosettes and agglomerate of the dark material. 25702500 8 92 attach present 1695:1701 arg2 present 1695:1701 present 1695:1701 present 1695:1701 In developing vitellocytes of C. affinis, the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter are present; in mature vitellocytes, these vesicles are destructed; this process is accompanied by liberation of glycogen rosettes and agglomerate of the dark material. 25702500 8 92 attach present 1695:1701 arg2 vesicles 1657:1664 the glycan vesicles 1646:1664 the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter 1646:1689 In developing vitellocytes of C. affinis, the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter are present; in mature vitellocytes, these vesicles are destructed; this process is accompanied by liberation of glycogen rosettes and agglomerate of the dark material. 25702500 2 93 theme development 660:670 arg1 stages 650:655 various stages 642:655 various stages of development 642:670 The vitelline follicles of the studied monogenean species are composed of the cells of a single type, vitellocytes at various stages of development. 25702500 0 94 theme vitellaria 25:34 arg1 [Cytoarchitecture 0:16 [Cytoarchitecture 0:16 [Cytoarchitecture of the vitellaria of two monogenean species, parasites of the holocephalan fish 0:96 [Cytoarchitecture of the vitellaria of two monogenean species, parasites of the holocephalan fish Chimaera monstrosa L. with analysis of vitelline structure in the Neodermata]. 25702500 1 95 theme 1830 296:299 arg1 follicles 223:231 the vitelline follicles 209:231 the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., 209:507 The ultrastructural features of the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., are described. 25702500 5 96 theme affinis 947:953 arg1 follicles 931:939 vitelline follicles 921:939 vitelline follicles of C. affinis 921:953 However, vitelline follicles of C. affinis are enclosed in a thin fibrous sheath. 25702500 6 97 theme material 1047:1054 arg1 composition 1018:1028 the composition 1014:1028 the composition of the vitelline material 1014:1054 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 98 from presence 1144:1151 arg1 affinis 1373:1379 C. affinis 1370:1379 C. affinis 1370:1379 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 98 from presence 1144:1151 arg1 affinis 1285:1291 C. affinis 1282:1291 C. affinis 1282:1291 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 6 98 from presence 1144:1151 arg1 droplets 1399:1406 heterogeneous droplets 1385:1406 heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster 1385:1424 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 7 99 theme clusters 1506:1513 arg1 presence 1494:1501 the presence 1490:1501 the presence of clusters with granular bodies inside them, these bodies have the same size as vitelline globules 1490:1601 The mature vitelline cells of C. leptogaster are recognised by the presence of clusters with granular bodies inside them, these bodies have the same size as vitelline globules. 25702500 4 100 theme bordering 805:813 arg1 cells 825:829 bordering vitelline cells 805:829 bordering vitelline cells 805:829 Instead, a close relationship between bordering vitelline cells and intestinal cells of numerous branches of the caecum diverticula is observed. 25702500 0 101 theme species 54:60 arg1 vitellaria 25:34 the vitellaria 21:34 the vitellaria of two monogenean species, parasites of the holocephalan fish 21:96 [Cytoarchitecture of the vitellaria of two monogenean species, parasites of the holocephalan fish Chimaera monstrosa L. with analysis of vitelline structure in the Neodermata]. 25702500 8 102 theme developing 1607:1616 arg1 vitellocytes 1618:1629 developing vitellocytes 1607:1629 developing vitellocytes of C. affinis 1607:1643 In developing vitellocytes of C. affinis, the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter are present; in mature vitellocytes, these vesicles are destructed; this process is accompanied by liberation of glycogen rosettes and agglomerate of the dark material. 25702500 6 103 from globules 1270:1277 arg1 cluster 1249:1255 C. leptogaster cluster 1234:1255 C. leptogaster cluster 1234:1255 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 5 104 theme fibrous 978:984 arg1 sheath 986:991 a thin fibrous sheath 971:991 a thin fibrous sheath 971:991 However, vitelline follicles of C. affinis are enclosed in a thin fibrous sheath. 25702500 1 105 theme follicles 223:231 arg1 features 197:204 The ultrastructural features 177:204 The ultrastructural features of the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., 177:507 The ultrastructural features of the vitelline follicles of ectoparasitic monogenean Chimaericola leptogaster Leuckart, 1830 (Polyopisthocotylidea, Chimaericolidae) and endoparasitic Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Monopisthocotylidea, Monocotylidae), parasites of the gills and cloaca of a holocephalan fish, Chimaera monstrosa L., are described. 25702500 6 106 theme C. 1101:1102 arg1 vitellocytes 1066:1077 mature vitellocytes 1059:1077 mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis 1059:1110 Some differences in the composition of the vitelline material in mature vitellocytes of C. leptogaster and C. affinis are revealed, these include the presence of different number of vitelline globules within a cluster, up to 30 globules in C. leptogaster cluster and up to 50 globules in C. affinis, and the presence of moderately electron-dense homogeneous lipid droplets in C. affinis and heterogeneous droplets in C. leptogaster. 25702500 8 107 from μm 1676:1677 arg1 diameter 1682:1689 diameter 1682:1689 diameter 1682:1689 In developing vitellocytes of C. affinis, the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter are present; in mature vitellocytes, these vesicles are destructed; this process is accompanied by liberation of glycogen rosettes and agglomerate of the dark material. 25702500 8 108 theme affinis 1637:1643 arg1 vitellocytes 1618:1629 developing vitellocytes 1607:1629 developing vitellocytes of C. affinis 1607:1643 In developing vitellocytes of C. affinis, the glycan vesicles about 3.5 μm in diameter are present; in mature vitellocytes, these vesicles are destructed; this process is accompanied by liberation of glycogen rosettes and agglomerate of the dark material. 34541127 1 0 theme folding 182:188 arg1 status 190:195 glycoprotein folding status 169:195 glycoprotein folding status 169:195 Modifications of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins soon after their biosynthesis correlate to glycoprotein folding status. 34541127 1 1 theme oligosaccharides 92:107 arg1 Modifications 66:78 Modifications 66:78 Modifications of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins soon after their biosynthesis 66:154 Modifications of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins soon after their biosynthesis correlate to glycoprotein folding status. 34541127 2 2 theme glycoproteins 300:312 arg1 analysis 266:273 pulse-chase analysis 254:273 pulse-chase analysis of [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins, with enzymatic removal of labeled N-glycans, separation according to size by HPLC and radioactive detection in a scintillation counter 254:448 These alterations can be detected in a sensitive way by pulse-chase analysis of [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins, with enzymatic removal of labeled N-glycans, separation according to size by HPLC and radioactive detection in a scintillation counter. 34541127 1 3 gly glycoproteins 112:124 arg1 glycoproteins 112:124 glycoproteins 112:124 glycoproteins 112:124 Modifications of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins soon after their biosynthesis correlate to glycoprotein folding status. 34541127 1 4 theme N-linked 83:90 arg1 oligosaccharides 92:107 N-linked oligosaccharides 83:107 N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins 83:124 Modifications of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins soon after their biosynthesis correlate to glycoprotein folding status. 34541127 0 5 link N-linked 39:46 arg1 Oligosaccharides 48:63 N-linked Oligosaccharides 39:63 N-linked Oligosaccharides 39:63 [2-3H]Mannose-labeling and Analysis of N-linked Oligosaccharides. 34541127 2 6 theme labeled 341:347 arg1 N-glycans 349:357 labeled N-glycans 341:357 labeled N-glycans 341:357 These alterations can be detected in a sensitive way by pulse-chase analysis of [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins, with enzymatic removal of labeled N-glycans, separation according to size by HPLC and radioactive detection in a scintillation counter. 34541127 2 7 theme radioactive 401:411 arg1 detection 413:421 radioactive detection 401:421 radioactive detection 401:421 These alterations can be detected in a sensitive way by pulse-chase analysis of [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins, with enzymatic removal of labeled N-glycans, separation according to size by HPLC and radioactive detection in a scintillation counter. 34541127 0 8 theme [2-3H 0:4 arg1 Mannose-labeling 6:21 [2-3H]Mannose-labeling 0:21 [2-3H]Mannose-labeling 0:21 [2-3H]Mannose-labeling and Analysis of N-linked Oligosaccharides. 34541127 2 9 from HPLC 392:395 arg1 scintillation 428:440 scintillation 428:440 scintillation 428:440 These alterations can be detected in a sensitive way by pulse-chase analysis of [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins, with enzymatic removal of labeled N-glycans, separation according to size by HPLC and radioactive detection in a scintillation counter. 34541127 2 10 located detected 223:230 arg1 way 247:249 a sensitive way 235:249 a sensitive way 235:249 These alterations can be detected in a sensitive way by pulse-chase analysis of [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins, with enzymatic removal of labeled N-glycans, separation according to size by HPLC and radioactive detection in a scintillation counter. 34541127 2 10 located detected 223:230 arg2 alterations 204:214 These alterations 198:214 These alterations 198:214 These alterations can be detected in a sensitive way by pulse-chase analysis of [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins, with enzymatic removal of labeled N-glycans, separation according to size by HPLC and radioactive detection in a scintillation counter. 34541127 1 11 theme glycoproteins 112:124 arg1 oligosaccharides 92:107 N-linked oligosaccharides 83:107 N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins 83:124 Modifications of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins soon after their biosynthesis correlate to glycoprotein folding status. 34541127 2 12 dep scintillation 428:440 arg1 counter 442:448 counter 442:448 counter 442:448 These alterations can be detected in a sensitive way by pulse-chase analysis of [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins, with enzymatic removal of labeled N-glycans, separation according to size by HPLC and radioactive detection in a scintillation counter. 34541127 2 13 theme enzymatic 320:328 arg1 removal 330:336 enzymatic removal 320:336 enzymatic removal of labeled N-glycans 320:357 These alterations can be detected in a sensitive way by pulse-chase analysis of [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins, with enzymatic removal of labeled N-glycans, separation according to size by HPLC and radioactive detection in a scintillation counter. 34541127 2 14 theme pulse-chase 254:264 arg1 analysis 266:273 pulse-chase analysis 254:273 pulse-chase analysis of [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins, with enzymatic removal of labeled N-glycans, separation according to size by HPLC and radioactive detection in a scintillation counter 254:448 These alterations can be detected in a sensitive way by pulse-chase analysis of [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins, with enzymatic removal of labeled N-glycans, separation according to size by HPLC and radioactive detection in a scintillation counter. 34541127 2 15 gly glycoproteins 300:312 arg1 separation 360:369 separation 360:369 separation according to size by HPLC and radioactive detection in a scintillation counter 360:448 These alterations can be detected in a sensitive way by pulse-chase analysis of [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins, with enzymatic removal of labeled N-glycans, separation according to size by HPLC and radioactive detection in a scintillation counter. 34541127 2 15 gly glycoproteins 300:312 arg1 glycoproteins 300:312 [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins 278:312 [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins 278:312 These alterations can be detected in a sensitive way by pulse-chase analysis of [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins, with enzymatic removal of labeled N-glycans, separation according to size by HPLC and radioactive detection in a scintillation counter. 34541127 0 16 theme Oligosaccharides 48:63 arg1 Mannose-labeling 6:21 [2-3H]Mannose-labeling 0:21 [2-3H]Mannose-labeling 0:21 [2-3H]Mannose-labeling and Analysis of N-linked Oligosaccharides. 34541127 0 16 theme Oligosaccharides 48:63 arg1 Analysis 27:34 Analysis 27:34 Analysis of N-linked Oligosaccharides 27:63 [2-3H]Mannose-labeling and Analysis of N-linked Oligosaccharides. 34541127 1 17 gly glycoprotein 169:180 arg1 glycoprotein 169:180 glycoprotein folding status 169:195 glycoprotein folding status 169:195 Modifications of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins soon after their biosynthesis correlate to glycoprotein folding status. 34541127 0 18 theme N-linked 39:46 arg1 Oligosaccharides 48:63 N-linked Oligosaccharides 39:63 N-linked Oligosaccharides 39:63 [2-3H]Mannose-labeling and Analysis of N-linked Oligosaccharides. 34541127 2 19 theme sensitive 237:245 arg1 way 247:249 a sensitive way 235:249 a sensitive way 235:249 These alterations can be detected in a sensitive way by pulse-chase analysis of [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins, with enzymatic removal of labeled N-glycans, separation according to size by HPLC and radioactive detection in a scintillation counter. 34541127 2 20 from detection 413:421 arg1 scintillation 428:440 scintillation 428:440 scintillation 428:440 These alterations can be detected in a sensitive way by pulse-chase analysis of [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins, with enzymatic removal of labeled N-glycans, separation according to size by HPLC and radioactive detection in a scintillation counter. 34541127 2 21 with glycoproteins 300:312 arg1 removal 330:336 enzymatic removal 320:336 enzymatic removal of labeled N-glycans 320:357 These alterations can be detected in a sensitive way by pulse-chase analysis of [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins, with enzymatic removal of labeled N-glycans, separation according to size by HPLC and radioactive detection in a scintillation counter. 34541127 2 22 theme mannose-labeled 284:298 arg1 separation 360:369 separation 360:369 separation according to size by HPLC and radioactive detection in a scintillation counter 360:448 These alterations can be detected in a sensitive way by pulse-chase analysis of [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins, with enzymatic removal of labeled N-glycans, separation according to size by HPLC and radioactive detection in a scintillation counter. 34541127 2 22 theme mannose-labeled 284:298 arg1 glycoproteins 300:312 [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins 278:312 [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins 278:312 These alterations can be detected in a sensitive way by pulse-chase analysis of [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins, with enzymatic removal of labeled N-glycans, separation according to size by HPLC and radioactive detection in a scintillation counter. 34541127 2 23 theme N-glycans 349:357 arg1 removal 330:336 enzymatic removal 320:336 enzymatic removal of labeled N-glycans 320:357 These alterations can be detected in a sensitive way by pulse-chase analysis of [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins, with enzymatic removal of labeled N-glycans, separation according to size by HPLC and radioactive detection in a scintillation counter. 34541127 1 24 theme glycoprotein 169:180 arg1 status 190:195 glycoprotein folding status 169:195 glycoprotein folding status 169:195 Modifications of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins soon after their biosynthesis correlate to glycoprotein folding status. 34541127 1 25 link N-linked 83:90 arg1 oligosaccharides 92:107 N-linked oligosaccharides 83:107 N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins 83:124 Modifications of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins soon after their biosynthesis correlate to glycoprotein folding status. 27669322 4 0 theme PGN 700:702 arg1 analysis 647:654 UPLC/MS analysis 639:654 UPLC/MS analysis of enzymatically digested S. carnosus TM300 PGN 639:702 UPLC/MS analysis of enzymatically digested S. carnosus TM300 PGN revealed substantial differences in its composition compared to the known pattern of S. aureus. 27669322 1 1 theme starter 268:274 arg1 cultures 276:283 meat starter cultures 263:283 meat starter cultures 263:283 The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300 is an apathogenic staphylococcal species commonly used in meat starter cultures. 27669322 0 2 theme Due 92:94 arg1 Analysis 68:75 Analysis 68:75 Analysis 68:75 The Peptidoglycan Pattern of Staphylococcus carnosus TM300-Detailed Analysis and Variations Due to Genetic and Metabolic Influences. 27669322 7 3 theme FtsX-a 1095:1100 arg1 complex 1119:1125 HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex 1080:1125 HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex interacting with penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2) 1080:1178 The collective overproduction of HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex interacting with penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2)-caused the reappearance of classical penta stem peptides. 27669322 2 4 theme thick 366:370 arg1 peptidoglycan 372:384 a thick peptidoglycan 364:384 a thick peptidoglycan (PGN) 364:390 As with all Gram-positive bacteria, its cytoplasmic membrane is surrounded by a thick peptidoglycan (PGN) or murein sacculus consisting of several layers of glycan strands cross-linked by peptides. 27669322 2 4 theme thick 366:370 arg1 PGN 387:389 PGN 387:389 PGN 387:389 As with all Gram-positive bacteria, its cytoplasmic membrane is surrounded by a thick peptidoglycan (PGN) or murein sacculus consisting of several layers of glycan strands cross-linked by peptides. 27669322 5 5 theme PGN 912:914 arg1 part 900:903 this part 895:903 this part of the PGN 895:914 While in S. aureus the uncross-linked stem peptide consists of a pentapeptide, in S. carnosus, this part of the PGN is shortened to tripeptides. 27669322 5 6 link uncross-linked 823:836 arg1 peptide 843:849 the uncross-linked stem peptide 819:849 the uncross-linked stem peptide 819:849 While in S. aureus the uncross-linked stem peptide consists of a pentapeptide, in S. carnosus, this part of the PGN is shortened to tripeptides. 27669322 4 7 theme known 772:776 arg1 pattern 778:784 the known pattern 768:784 the known pattern of S. aureus 768:797 UPLC/MS analysis of enzymatically digested S. carnosus TM300 PGN revealed substantial differences in its composition compared to the known pattern of S. aureus. 27669322 3 8 dep aureus 547:552 arg1 aureus 558:563 S. aureus 555:563 S. aureus 555:563 In contrast to pathogenic staphylococci, mainly Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the chemical composition of S. carnosus PGN is not well studied so far. 27669322 9 9 theme various 1387:1393 arg1 conditions 1395:1404 various conditions 1387:1404 various conditions 1387:1404 This indicates that S. carnosus TM300 cells adapt to various conditions by modification of their PGN. 27669322 0 10 theme Genetic 99:105 arg1 Influences 121:130 Genetic and Metabolic Influences 99:130 Genetic and Metabolic Influences 99:130 The Peptidoglycan Pattern of Staphylococcus carnosus TM300-Detailed Analysis and Variations Due to Genetic and Metabolic Influences. 27669322 7 11 theme FtsE 1086:1089 arg1 complex 1119:1125 HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex 1080:1125 HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex interacting with penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2) 1080:1178 The collective overproduction of HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex interacting with penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2)-caused the reappearance of classical penta stem peptides. 27669322 7 12 theme stem 1223:1226 arg1 peptides 1228:1235 classical penta stem peptides 1207:1235 classical penta stem peptides 1207:1235 The collective overproduction of HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex interacting with penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2)-caused the reappearance of classical penta stem peptides. 27669322 2 13 theme Gram-positive 298:310 arg1 bacteria 312:319 all Gram-positive bacteria 294:319 all Gram-positive bacteria 294:319 As with all Gram-positive bacteria, its cytoplasmic membrane is surrounded by a thick peptidoglycan (PGN) or murein sacculus consisting of several layers of glycan strands cross-linked by peptides. 27669322 4 14 theme TM300 694:698 arg1 PGN 700:702 enzymatically digested S. carnosus TM300 PGN 659:702 enzymatically digested S. carnosus TM300 PGN 659:702 UPLC/MS analysis of enzymatically digested S. carnosus TM300 PGN revealed substantial differences in its composition compared to the known pattern of S. aureus. 27669322 4 15 theme substantial 713:723 arg1 differences 725:735 substantial differences 713:735 substantial differences in its composition 713:754 UPLC/MS analysis of enzymatically digested S. carnosus TM300 PGN revealed substantial differences in its composition compared to the known pattern of S. aureus. 27669322 5 16 theme stem 838:841 arg1 peptide 843:849 the uncross-linked stem peptide 819:849 the uncross-linked stem peptide 819:849 While in S. aureus the uncross-linked stem peptide consists of a pentapeptide, in S. carnosus, this part of the PGN is shortened to tripeptides. 27669322 2 17 theme several 425:431 arg1 layers 433:438 several layers 425:438 several layers of glycan strands cross-linked by peptides 425:481 As with all Gram-positive bacteria, its cytoplasmic membrane is surrounded by a thick peptidoglycan (PGN) or murein sacculus consisting of several layers of glycan strands cross-linked by peptides. 27669322 2 18 theme sacculus 402:409 arg1 murein 395:400 murein sacculus 395:409 murein sacculus 395:409 As with all Gram-positive bacteria, its cytoplasmic membrane is surrounded by a thick peptidoglycan (PGN) or murein sacculus consisting of several layers of glycan strands cross-linked by peptides. 27669322 0 19 theme Metabolic 111:119 arg1 Influences 121:130 Genetic and Metabolic Influences 99:130 Genetic and Metabolic Influences 99:130 The Peptidoglycan Pattern of Staphylococcus carnosus TM300-Detailed Analysis and Variations Due to Genetic and Metabolic Influences. 27669322 6 20 theme PGN 971:973 arg1 composition 975:985 the PGN composition 967:985 the PGN composition 967:985 Furthermore, we found the PGN composition to vary when cells were incubated under certain conditions. 27669322 8 21 theme sugar 1262:1266 arg1 conditions 1268:1277 high sugar conditions 1257:1277 high sugar conditions 1257:1277 In addition, under high sugar conditions, tetra stem peptides occur due to overflow metabolism. 27669322 3 22 dep staphylococci 510:522 arg1 contrast 487:494 contrast 487:494 contrast 487:494 In contrast to pathogenic staphylococci, mainly Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the chemical composition of S. carnosus PGN is not well studied so far. 27669322 0 23 theme Peptidoglycan 4:16 arg1 Pattern 18:24 The Peptidoglycan Pattern 0:24 The Peptidoglycan Pattern of Staphylococcus carnosus 0:51 The Peptidoglycan Pattern of Staphylococcus carnosus TM300-Detailed Analysis and Variations Due to Genetic and Metabolic Influences. 27669322 7 24 theme collective 1051:1060 arg1 overproduction 1062:1075 The collective overproduction 1047:1075 The collective overproduction of HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex interacting with penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2) 1047:1178 The collective overproduction of HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex interacting with penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2)-caused the reappearance of classical penta stem peptides. 27669322 3 25 theme chemical 571:578 arg1 composition 580:590 the chemical composition 567:590 the chemical composition of S. carnosus PGN 567:609 In contrast to pathogenic staphylococci, mainly Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the chemical composition of S. carnosus PGN is not well studied so far. 27669322 7 26 theme protein 1163:1169 arg1 PBP2 1174:1177 penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2) 1144:1178 penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2) 1144:1178 The collective overproduction of HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex interacting with penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2)-caused the reappearance of classical penta stem peptides. 27669322 4 27 theme digested 673:680 arg1 PGN 700:702 enzymatically digested S. carnosus TM300 PGN 659:702 enzymatically digested S. carnosus TM300 PGN 659:702 UPLC/MS analysis of enzymatically digested S. carnosus TM300 PGN revealed substantial differences in its composition compared to the known pattern of S. aureus. 27669322 2 28 theme strands 450:456 arg1 layers 433:438 several layers 425:438 several layers of glycan strands cross-linked by peptides 425:481 As with all Gram-positive bacteria, its cytoplasmic membrane is surrounded by a thick peptidoglycan (PGN) or murein sacculus consisting of several layers of glycan strands cross-linked by peptides. 27669322 7 29 theme complex 1119:1125 arg1 overproduction 1062:1075 The collective overproduction 1047:1075 The collective overproduction of HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex interacting with penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2) 1047:1178 The collective overproduction of HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex interacting with penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2)-caused the reappearance of classical penta stem peptides. 27669322 2 30 theme cytoplasmic 326:336 arg1 membrane 338:345 its cytoplasmic membrane 322:345 its cytoplasmic membrane 322:345 As with all Gram-positive bacteria, its cytoplasmic membrane is surrounded by a thick peptidoglycan (PGN) or murein sacculus consisting of several layers of glycan strands cross-linked by peptides. 27669322 6 31 theme certain 1027:1033 arg1 conditions 1035:1044 certain conditions 1027:1044 certain conditions 1027:1044 Furthermore, we found the PGN composition to vary when cells were incubated under certain conditions. 27669322 2 32 theme glycan 443:448 arg1 strands 450:456 glycan strands 443:456 glycan strands cross-linked by peptides 443:481 As with all Gram-positive bacteria, its cytoplasmic membrane is surrounded by a thick peptidoglycan (PGN) or murein sacculus consisting of several layers of glycan strands cross-linked by peptides. 27669322 7 33 theme peptides 1228:1235 arg1 reappearance 1191:1202 the reappearance 1187:1202 the reappearance of classical penta stem peptides 1187:1235 The collective overproduction of HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex interacting with penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2)-caused the reappearance of classical penta stem peptides. 27669322 7 34 theme HlyD 1080:1083 arg1 complex 1119:1125 HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex 1080:1125 HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex interacting with penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2) 1080:1178 The collective overproduction of HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex interacting with penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2)-caused the reappearance of classical penta stem peptides. 27669322 5 35 theme uncross-linked 823:836 arg1 peptide 843:849 the uncross-linked stem peptide 819:849 the uncross-linked stem peptide 819:849 While in S. aureus the uncross-linked stem peptide consists of a pentapeptide, in S. carnosus, this part of the PGN is shortened to tripeptides. 27669322 7 36 theme penicillin-binding 1144:1161 arg1 PBP2 1174:1177 penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2) 1144:1178 penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2) 1144:1178 The collective overproduction of HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex interacting with penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2)-caused the reappearance of classical penta stem peptides. 27669322 1 37 dep carnosus 176:183 arg1 carnosus 189:196 S. carnosus 186:196 S. carnosus 186:196 The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300 is an apathogenic staphylococcal species commonly used in meat starter cultures. 27669322 1 38 theme apathogenic 211:221 arg1 TM300 199:203 The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300 133:203 The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300 133:203 The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300 is an apathogenic staphylococcal species commonly used in meat starter cultures. 27669322 1 38 theme apathogenic 211:221 arg1 species 238:244 an apathogenic staphylococcal species 208:244 an apathogenic staphylococcal species commonly used in meat starter cultures 208:283 The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300 is an apathogenic staphylococcal species commonly used in meat starter cultures. 27669322 0 39 theme carnosus 44:51 arg1 Pattern 18:24 The Peptidoglycan Pattern 0:24 The Peptidoglycan Pattern of Staphylococcus carnosus 0:51 The Peptidoglycan Pattern of Staphylococcus carnosus TM300-Detailed Analysis and Variations Due to Genetic and Metabolic Influences. 27669322 4 40 theme UPLC/MS 639:645 arg1 analysis 647:654 UPLC/MS analysis 639:654 UPLC/MS analysis of enzymatically digested S. carnosus TM300 PGN 639:702 UPLC/MS analysis of enzymatically digested S. carnosus TM300 PGN revealed substantial differences in its composition compared to the known pattern of S. aureus. 27669322 3 41 theme carnosus 598:605 arg1 PGN 607:609 S. carnosus PGN 595:609 S. carnosus PGN 595:609 In contrast to pathogenic staphylococci, mainly Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the chemical composition of S. carnosus PGN is not well studied so far. 27669322 1 42 theme staphylococcal 223:236 arg1 TM300 199:203 The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300 133:203 The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300 133:203 The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300 is an apathogenic staphylococcal species commonly used in meat starter cultures. 27669322 1 42 theme staphylococcal 223:236 arg1 species 238:244 an apathogenic staphylococcal species 208:244 an apathogenic staphylococcal species commonly used in meat starter cultures 208:283 The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300 is an apathogenic staphylococcal species commonly used in meat starter cultures. 27669322 8 43 theme tetra 1280:1284 arg1 peptides 1291:1298 tetra stem peptides 1280:1298 tetra stem peptides 1280:1298 In addition, under high sugar conditions, tetra stem peptides occur due to overflow metabolism. 27669322 3 44 theme PGN 607:609 arg1 composition 580:590 the chemical composition 567:590 the chemical composition of S. carnosus PGN 567:609 In contrast to pathogenic staphylococci, mainly Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the chemical composition of S. carnosus PGN is not well studied so far. 27669322 7 45 theme putative 1102:1109 arg1 complex 1119:1125 HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex 1080:1125 HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex interacting with penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2) 1080:1178 The collective overproduction of HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex interacting with penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2)-caused the reappearance of classical penta stem peptides. 27669322 3 46 theme pathogenic 499:508 arg1 staphylococci 510:522 pathogenic staphylococci 499:522 pathogenic staphylococci 499:522 In contrast to pathogenic staphylococci, mainly Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the chemical composition of S. carnosus PGN is not well studied so far. 27669322 3 46 theme pathogenic 499:508 arg1 aureus 547:552 Staphylococcus aureus 532:552 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) 532:564 In contrast to pathogenic staphylococci, mainly Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the chemical composition of S. carnosus PGN is not well studied so far. 27669322 7 47 theme protein 1111:1117 arg1 complex 1119:1125 HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex 1080:1125 HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex interacting with penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2) 1080:1178 The collective overproduction of HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex interacting with penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2)-caused the reappearance of classical penta stem peptides. 27669322 3 48 theme S. 595:596 arg1 PGN 607:609 S. carnosus PGN 595:609 S. carnosus PGN 595:609 In contrast to pathogenic staphylococci, mainly Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the chemical composition of S. carnosus PGN is not well studied so far. 27669322 8 49 theme high 1257:1260 arg1 conditions 1268:1277 high sugar conditions 1257:1277 high sugar conditions 1257:1277 In addition, under high sugar conditions, tetra stem peptides occur due to overflow metabolism. 27669322 4 50 theme aureus 792:797 arg1 pattern 778:784 the known pattern 768:784 the known pattern of S. aureus 768:797 UPLC/MS analysis of enzymatically digested S. carnosus TM300 PGN revealed substantial differences in its composition compared to the known pattern of S. aureus. 27669322 4 51 theme S. 682:683 arg1 PGN 700:702 enzymatically digested S. carnosus TM300 PGN 659:702 enzymatically digested S. carnosus TM300 PGN 659:702 UPLC/MS analysis of enzymatically digested S. carnosus TM300 PGN revealed substantial differences in its composition compared to the known pattern of S. aureus. 27669322 1 52 theme Gram-positive 137:149 arg1 bacterium 151:159 The Gram-positive bacterium 133:159 The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300 133:203 The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300 is an apathogenic staphylococcal species commonly used in meat starter cultures. 27669322 4 53 from differences 725:735 arg1 composition 744:754 its composition 740:754 its composition 740:754 UPLC/MS analysis of enzymatically digested S. carnosus TM300 PGN revealed substantial differences in its composition compared to the known pattern of S. aureus. 27669322 9 54 theme S. 1354:1355 arg1 cells 1372:1376 S. carnosus TM300 cells 1354:1376 S. carnosus TM300 cells 1354:1376 This indicates that S. carnosus TM300 cells adapt to various conditions by modification of their PGN. 27669322 8 55 theme overflow 1313:1320 arg1 metabolism 1322:1331 overflow metabolism 1313:1331 overflow metabolism 1313:1331 In addition, under high sugar conditions, tetra stem peptides occur due to overflow metabolism. 27669322 8 56 theme stem 1286:1289 arg1 peptides 1291:1298 tetra stem peptides 1280:1298 tetra stem peptides 1280:1298 In addition, under high sugar conditions, tetra stem peptides occur due to overflow metabolism. 27669322 1 57 theme bacterium 151:159 arg1 TM300 199:203 The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300 133:203 The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300 133:203 The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300 is an apathogenic staphylococcal species commonly used in meat starter cultures. 27669322 1 57 theme bacterium 151:159 arg1 species 238:244 an apathogenic staphylococcal species 208:244 an apathogenic staphylococcal species commonly used in meat starter cultures 208:283 The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300 is an apathogenic staphylococcal species commonly used in meat starter cultures. 27669322 9 58 theme carnosus 1357:1364 arg1 cells 1372:1376 S. carnosus TM300 cells 1354:1376 S. carnosus TM300 cells 1354:1376 This indicates that S. carnosus TM300 cells adapt to various conditions by modification of their PGN. 27669322 9 59 theme PGN 1431:1433 arg1 modification 1409:1420 modification 1409:1420 modification of their PGN 1409:1433 This indicates that S. carnosus TM300 cells adapt to various conditions by modification of their PGN. 27669322 4 60 theme carnosus 685:692 arg1 PGN 700:702 enzymatically digested S. carnosus TM300 PGN 659:702 enzymatically digested S. carnosus TM300 PGN 659:702 UPLC/MS analysis of enzymatically digested S. carnosus TM300 PGN revealed substantial differences in its composition compared to the known pattern of S. aureus. 27669322 9 61 theme TM300 1366:1370 arg1 cells 1372:1376 S. carnosus TM300 cells 1354:1376 S. carnosus TM300 cells 1354:1376 This indicates that S. carnosus TM300 cells adapt to various conditions by modification of their PGN. 27669322 7 62 theme classical 1207:1215 arg1 peptides 1228:1235 classical penta stem peptides 1207:1235 classical penta stem peptides 1207:1235 The collective overproduction of HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex interacting with penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2)-caused the reappearance of classical penta stem peptides. 27669322 1 63 theme carnosus 176:183 arg1 TM300 199:203 The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300 133:203 The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300 133:203 The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300 is an apathogenic staphylococcal species commonly used in meat starter cultures. 27669322 1 63 theme carnosus 176:183 arg1 species 238:244 an apathogenic staphylococcal species 208:244 an apathogenic staphylococcal species commonly used in meat starter cultures 208:283 The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300 is an apathogenic staphylococcal species commonly used in meat starter cultures. 27669322 7 64 theme penta 1217:1221 arg1 peptides 1228:1235 classical penta stem peptides 1207:1235 classical penta stem peptides 1207:1235 The collective overproduction of HlyD, FtsE and FtsX-a putative protein complex interacting with penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2)-caused the reappearance of classical penta stem peptides. 27669322 1 65 theme meat 263:266 arg1 cultures 276:283 meat starter cultures 263:283 meat starter cultures 263:283 The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300 is an apathogenic staphylococcal species commonly used in meat starter cultures. 26131975 10 0 from macrophages 1469:1479 arg1 secretion 1423:1431 TNF-α secretion 1417:1431 TNF-α secretion from tolerized PP2ACαl°xl°x;lyM-Cre macrophages 1417:1479 TNF-α secretion from tolerized PP2ACαl°xl°x;lyM-Cre macrophages is higher than tolerized control macrophages. 26131975 7 1 theme decreased 1155:1163 arg1 secretion 1171:1179 decreased TNF-α secretion 1155:1179 decreased TNF-α secretion upon second LPS stimulation 1155:1207 Herein we report that PP2A activity is upregulated in tolerized peritoneal macrophages, corresponding to decreased TNF-α secretion upon second LPS stimulation. 26131975 10 2 theme tolerized 1438:1446 arg1 macrophages 1469:1479 tolerized PP2ACαl°xl°x;lyM-Cre macrophages 1438:1479 tolerized PP2ACαl°xl°x;lyM-Cre macrophages 1438:1479 TNF-α secretion from tolerized PP2ACαl°xl°x;lyM-Cre macrophages is higher than tolerized control macrophages. 26131975 2 3 theme heterodimeric 333:345 arg1 enzyme 352:357 a heterodimeric core enzyme 331:357 a heterodimeric core enzyme 331:357 PP2A is comprised of a heterodimeric core enzyme and a substrate-specific regulatory subunit. 26131975 4 4 theme phosphatase 613:623 arg1 activity 625:632 the constitutive phosphatase activity 596:632 the constitutive phosphatase activity present inside cells 596:653 Due to the constitutive phosphatase activity present inside cells, a sensitive assay is required to detect the changes of PP2A activity under various experimental conditions. 26131975 11 5 theme pathway 1727:1733 arg1 regulation 1690:1699 regulation 1690:1699 an epigenetic transcriptionally active signature on the promoter of TNF-α gene rather than regulation of the NFκB/IκB signaling pathway 1599:1733 Furthermore, we showed that the increased TNF-α secretion may be due to an epigenetic transcriptionally active signature on the promoter of TNF-α gene rather than regulation of the NFκB/IκB signaling pathway. 26131975 3 6 theme numerous 564:571 arg1 functions 578:586 various activity modulating numerous cell functions 536:586 various activity modulating numerous cell functions 536:586 Potentially, at least seventy different compositions of PP2A exist because of variable regulatory subunit binding that accounts for various activity modulating numerous cell functions. 26131975 12 7 theme tolerance 1821:1829 arg1 regulation 1800:1809 the regulation 1796:1809 the regulation of immune tolerance 1796:1829 These results suggest a role for increased PP2A activity in the regulation of immune tolerance. 26131975 11 8 theme NFκB/IκB 1708:1715 arg1 pathway 1727:1733 the NFκB/IκB signaling pathway 1704:1733 the NFκB/IκB signaling pathway 1704:1733 Furthermore, we showed that the increased TNF-α secretion may be due to an epigenetic transcriptionally active signature on the promoter of TNF-α gene rather than regulation of the NFκB/IκB signaling pathway. 26131975 3 9 theme activity 544:551 arg1 functions 578:586 various activity modulating numerous cell functions 536:586 various activity modulating numerous cell functions 536:586 Potentially, at least seventy different compositions of PP2A exist because of variable regulatory subunit binding that accounts for various activity modulating numerous cell functions. 26131975 5 10 theme phosphatase 895:905 arg1 activity 907:914 PP2A-specific phosphatase activity 881:914 PP2A-specific phosphatase activity 881:914 We optimized a fluorescence assay (DIFMU assay) by combining it with prior anti-PP2A immunoprecipitation to quantify PP2A-specific phosphatase activity. 26131975 7 11 theme tolerized 1104:1112 arg1 macrophages 1125:1135 tolerized peritoneal macrophages 1104:1135 tolerized peritoneal macrophages 1104:1135 Herein we report that PP2A activity is upregulated in tolerized peritoneal macrophages, corresponding to decreased TNF-α secretion upon second LPS stimulation. 26131975 6 12 theme immune 992:997 arg1 " 1008:1008 "immune tolerance" 991:1008 "immune tolerance" of the cells to subsequent stimulation 991:1047 It is also known that prior exposure to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induces "immune tolerance" of the cells to subsequent stimulation. 26131975 1 13 theme abundant 190:197 arg1 phosphatases 240:251 the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases 181:251 the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases accounting for 1% of the total cellular protein content 181:307 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases accounting for 1% of the total cellular protein content. 26131975 8 14 theme PP2A 1242:1245 arg1 role 1234:1237 the role 1230:1237 the role of PP2A in the tolerance effect 1230:1269 We further examined the role of PP2A in the tolerance effect by using PP2ACαl°xl°x;lyM-Cre conditional knockout macrophages. 26131975 4 15 theme activity 716:723 arg1 changes 700:706 the changes 696:706 the changes of PP2A activity 696:723 Due to the constitutive phosphatase activity present inside cells, a sensitive assay is required to detect the changes of PP2A activity under various experimental conditions. 26131975 8 16 theme conditional 1301:1311 arg1 macrophages 1322:1332 lyM-Cre conditional knockout macrophages 1293:1332 lyM-Cre conditional knockout macrophages 1293:1332 We further examined the role of PP2A in the tolerance effect by using PP2ACαl°xl°x;lyM-Cre conditional knockout macrophages. 26131975 7 17 theme LPS 1193:1195 arg1 stimulation 1197:1207 second LPS stimulation 1186:1207 second LPS stimulation 1186:1207 Herein we report that PP2A activity is upregulated in tolerized peritoneal macrophages, corresponding to decreased TNF-α secretion upon second LPS stimulation. 26131975 1 18 theme serine/threonine 213:228 arg1 phosphatases 240:251 the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases 181:251 the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases accounting for 1% of the total cellular protein content 181:307 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases accounting for 1% of the total cellular protein content. 26131975 4 19 theme experimental 739:750 arg1 conditions 752:761 various experimental conditions 731:761 various experimental conditions 731:761 Due to the constitutive phosphatase activity present inside cells, a sensitive assay is required to detect the changes of PP2A activity under various experimental conditions. 26131975 1 20 theme phosphatase 149:159 arg1 PP2A 165:168 PP2A 165:168 PP2A 165:168 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases accounting for 1% of the total cellular protein content. 26131975 1 20 theme phosphatase 149:159 arg1 2A 161:162 Protein phosphatase 2A 141:162 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) 141:169 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases accounting for 1% of the total cellular protein content. 26131975 12 21 theme PP2A 1779:1782 arg1 activity 1784:1791 increased PP2A activity 1769:1791 increased PP2A activity 1769:1791 These results suggest a role for increased PP2A activity in the regulation of immune tolerance. 26131975 5 22 theme fluorescence 779:790 arg1 assay 792:796 a fluorescence assay 777:796 a fluorescence assay (DIFMU assay) 777:810 We optimized a fluorescence assay (DIFMU assay) by combining it with prior anti-PP2A immunoprecipitation to quantify PP2A-specific phosphatase activity. 26131975 5 22 theme fluorescence 779:790 arg1 assay 805:809 DIFMU assay 799:809 DIFMU assay 799:809 We optimized a fluorescence assay (DIFMU assay) by combining it with prior anti-PP2A immunoprecipitation to quantify PP2A-specific phosphatase activity. 26131975 5 23 theme prior 833:837 arg1 immunoprecipitation 849:867 prior anti-PP2A immunoprecipitation 833:867 prior anti-PP2A immunoprecipitation to quantify PP2A-specific phosphatase activity 833:914 We optimized a fluorescence assay (DIFMU assay) by combining it with prior anti-PP2A immunoprecipitation to quantify PP2A-specific phosphatase activity. 26131975 10 24 theme tolerized 1496:1504 arg1 macrophages 1514:1524 tolerized control macrophages 1496:1524 tolerized control macrophages 1496:1524 TNF-α secretion from tolerized PP2ACαl°xl°x;lyM-Cre macrophages is higher than tolerized control macrophages. 26131975 4 25 theme PP2A 711:714 arg1 activity 716:723 PP2A activity 711:723 PP2A activity 711:723 Due to the constitutive phosphatase activity present inside cells, a sensitive assay is required to detect the changes of PP2A activity under various experimental conditions. 26131975 0 26 theme LPS-Induced 51:61 arg1 Tolerance 63:71 LPS-Induced Tolerance 51:71 LPS-Induced Tolerance 51:71 Study of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) Activity in LPS-Induced Tolerance Using Fluorescence-Based and Immunoprecipitation-Aided Methodology. 26131975 0 27 from Study 0:4 arg1 Tolerance 63:71 LPS-Induced Tolerance 51:71 LPS-Induced Tolerance 51:71 Study of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) Activity in LPS-Induced Tolerance Using Fluorescence-Based and Immunoprecipitation-Aided Methodology. 26131975 11 28 theme increased 1559:1567 arg1 due 1592:1594 due 1592:1594 due 1592:1594 Furthermore, we showed that the increased TNF-α secretion may be due to an epigenetic transcriptionally active signature on the promoter of TNF-α gene rather than regulation of the NFκB/IκB signaling pathway. 26131975 11 28 theme increased 1559:1567 arg1 secretion 1575:1583 the increased TNF-α secretion 1555:1583 the increased TNF-α secretion 1555:1583 Furthermore, we showed that the increased TNF-α secretion may be due to an epigenetic transcriptionally active signature on the promoter of TNF-α gene rather than regulation of the NFκB/IκB signaling pathway. 26131975 3 29 theme different 434:442 arg1 compositions 444:455 at least seventy different compositions 417:455 at least seventy different compositions of PP2A 417:463 Potentially, at least seventy different compositions of PP2A exist because of variable regulatory subunit binding that accounts for various activity modulating numerous cell functions. 26131975 9 30 theme PP2A 1349:1352 arg1 activity 1366:1373 PP2A phosphatase activity 1349:1373 PP2A phosphatase activity 1349:1373 We found that PP2A phosphatase activity cannot be further increased by tolerance. 26131975 2 31 theme substrate-specific 365:382 arg1 subunit 395:401 a substrate-specific regulatory subunit 363:401 a substrate-specific regulatory subunit 363:401 PP2A is comprised of a heterodimeric core enzyme and a substrate-specific regulatory subunit. 26131975 0 32 theme Protein 9:15 arg1 PP2A 33:36 PP2A 33:36 PP2A 33:36 Study of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) Activity in LPS-Induced Tolerance Using Fluorescence-Based and Immunoprecipitation-Aided Methodology. 26131975 0 32 theme Protein 9:15 arg1 2A 29:30 Protein Phosphatase 2A 9:30 Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) Activity 9:46 Study of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) Activity in LPS-Induced Tolerance Using Fluorescence-Based and Immunoprecipitation-Aided Methodology. 26131975 1 33 theme total 278:282 arg1 content 301:307 the total cellular protein content 274:307 the total cellular protein content 274:307 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases accounting for 1% of the total cellular protein content. 26131975 0 34 theme 2A 29:30 arg1 Activity 39:46 Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) Activity 9:46 Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) Activity 9:46 Study of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) Activity in LPS-Induced Tolerance Using Fluorescence-Based and Immunoprecipitation-Aided Methodology. 26131975 1 35 theme protein 293:299 arg1 content 301:307 the total cellular protein content 274:307 the total cellular protein content 274:307 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases accounting for 1% of the total cellular protein content. 26131975 7 36 theme second 1186:1191 arg1 stimulation 1197:1207 second LPS stimulation 1186:1207 second LPS stimulation 1186:1207 Herein we report that PP2A activity is upregulated in tolerized peritoneal macrophages, corresponding to decreased TNF-α secretion upon second LPS stimulation. 26131975 0 37 theme Activity 39:46 arg1 Study 0:4 Study 0:4 Study of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) Activity in LPS-Induced Tolerance 0:71 Study of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) Activity in LPS-Induced Tolerance Using Fluorescence-Based and Immunoprecipitation-Aided Methodology. 26131975 3 38 theme regulatory 491:500 arg1 binding 510:516 variable regulatory subunit binding 482:516 variable regulatory subunit binding that accounts for various activity modulating numerous cell functions 482:586 Potentially, at least seventy different compositions of PP2A exist because of variable regulatory subunit binding that accounts for various activity modulating numerous cell functions. 26131975 8 39 from role 1234:1237 arg1 effect 1264:1269 the tolerance effect 1250:1269 the tolerance effect 1250:1269 We further examined the role of PP2A in the tolerance effect by using PP2ACαl°xl°x;lyM-Cre conditional knockout macrophages. 26131975 11 40 theme TNF-α 1667:1671 arg1 gene 1673:1676 TNF-α gene 1667:1676 TNF-α gene 1667:1676 Furthermore, we showed that the increased TNF-α secretion may be due to an epigenetic transcriptionally active signature on the promoter of TNF-α gene rather than regulation of the NFκB/IκB signaling pathway. 26131975 2 41 theme core 347:350 arg1 enzyme 352:357 a heterodimeric core enzyme 331:357 a heterodimeric core enzyme 331:357 PP2A is comprised of a heterodimeric core enzyme and a substrate-specific regulatory subunit. 26131975 6 42 theme prior 939:943 arg1 exposure 945:952 prior exposure 939:952 prior exposure to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 939:981 It is also known that prior exposure to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induces "immune tolerance" of the cells to subsequent stimulation. 26131975 12 43 theme immune 1814:1819 arg1 tolerance 1821:1829 immune tolerance 1814:1829 immune tolerance 1814:1829 These results suggest a role for increased PP2A activity in the regulation of immune tolerance. 26131975 11 44 theme active 1631:1636 arg1 signature 1638:1646 an epigenetic transcriptionally active signature 1599:1646 an epigenetic transcriptionally active signature on the promoter of TNF-α gene rather than regulation of the NFκB/IκB signaling pathway 1599:1733 Furthermore, we showed that the increased TNF-α secretion may be due to an epigenetic transcriptionally active signature on the promoter of TNF-α gene rather than regulation of the NFκB/IκB signaling pathway. 26131975 3 45 theme modulating 553:562 arg1 functions 578:586 various activity modulating numerous cell functions 536:586 various activity modulating numerous cell functions 536:586 Potentially, at least seventy different compositions of PP2A exist because of variable regulatory subunit binding that accounts for various activity modulating numerous cell functions. 26131975 4 46 theme constitutive 600:611 arg1 activity 625:632 the constitutive phosphatase activity 596:632 the constitutive phosphatase activity present inside cells 596:653 Due to the constitutive phosphatase activity present inside cells, a sensitive assay is required to detect the changes of PP2A activity under various experimental conditions. 26131975 7 47 theme peritoneal 1114:1123 arg1 macrophages 1125:1135 tolerized peritoneal macrophages 1104:1135 tolerized peritoneal macrophages 1104:1135 Herein we report that PP2A activity is upregulated in tolerized peritoneal macrophages, corresponding to decreased TNF-α secretion upon second LPS stimulation. 26131975 10 48 theme TNF-α 1417:1421 arg1 secretion 1423:1431 TNF-α secretion 1417:1431 TNF-α secretion from tolerized PP2ACαl°xl°x;lyM-Cre macrophages 1417:1479 TNF-α secretion from tolerized PP2ACαl°xl°x;lyM-Cre macrophages is higher than tolerized control macrophages. 26131975 3 49 theme various 536:542 arg1 functions 578:586 various activity modulating numerous cell functions 536:586 various activity modulating numerous cell functions 536:586 Potentially, at least seventy different compositions of PP2A exist because of variable regulatory subunit binding that accounts for various activity modulating numerous cell functions. 26131975 5 50 theme PP2A-specific 881:893 arg1 activity 907:914 PP2A-specific phosphatase activity 881:914 PP2A-specific phosphatase activity 881:914 We optimized a fluorescence assay (DIFMU assay) by combining it with prior anti-PP2A immunoprecipitation to quantify PP2A-specific phosphatase activity. 26131975 8 51 theme tolerance 1254:1262 arg1 effect 1264:1269 the tolerance effect 1250:1269 the tolerance effect 1250:1269 We further examined the role of PP2A in the tolerance effect by using PP2ACαl°xl°x;lyM-Cre conditional knockout macrophages. 26131975 11 52 theme signaling 1717:1725 arg1 pathway 1727:1733 the NFκB/IκB signaling pathway 1704:1733 the NFκB/IκB signaling pathway 1704:1733 Furthermore, we showed that the increased TNF-α secretion may be due to an epigenetic transcriptionally active signature on the promoter of TNF-α gene rather than regulation of the NFκB/IκB signaling pathway. 26131975 10 53 theme lyM-Cre 1461:1467 arg1 macrophages 1469:1479 tolerized PP2ACαl°xl°x;lyM-Cre macrophages 1438:1479 tolerized PP2ACαl°xl°x;lyM-Cre macrophages 1438:1479 TNF-α secretion from tolerized PP2ACαl°xl°x;lyM-Cre macrophages is higher than tolerized control macrophages. 26131975 6 54 theme tolerance 999:1007 arg1 " 1008:1008 "immune tolerance" 991:1008 "immune tolerance" of the cells to subsequent stimulation 991:1047 It is also known that prior exposure to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induces "immune tolerance" of the cells to subsequent stimulation. 26131975 10 55 theme PP2ACαl°xl°x 1448:1459 arg1 macrophages 1469:1479 tolerized PP2ACαl°xl°x;lyM-Cre macrophages 1438:1479 tolerized PP2ACαl°xl°x;lyM-Cre macrophages 1438:1479 TNF-α secretion from tolerized PP2ACαl°xl°x;lyM-Cre macrophages is higher than tolerized control macrophages. 26131975 3 56 theme cell 573:576 arg1 functions 578:586 various activity modulating numerous cell functions 536:586 various activity modulating numerous cell functions 536:586 Potentially, at least seventy different compositions of PP2A exist because of variable regulatory subunit binding that accounts for various activity modulating numerous cell functions. 26131975 5 57 theme anti-PP2A 839:847 arg1 immunoprecipitation 849:867 prior anti-PP2A immunoprecipitation 833:867 prior anti-PP2A immunoprecipitation to quantify PP2A-specific phosphatase activity 833:914 We optimized a fluorescence assay (DIFMU assay) by combining it with prior anti-PP2A immunoprecipitation to quantify PP2A-specific phosphatase activity. 26131975 7 58 theme PP2A 1072:1075 arg1 activity 1077:1084 PP2A activity 1072:1084 PP2A activity 1072:1084 Herein we report that PP2A activity is upregulated in tolerized peritoneal macrophages, corresponding to decreased TNF-α secretion upon second LPS stimulation. 26131975 1 59 theme intracellular 199:211 arg1 phosphatases 240:251 the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases 181:251 the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases accounting for 1% of the total cellular protein content 181:307 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases accounting for 1% of the total cellular protein content. 26131975 4 60 theme sensitive 658:666 arg1 assay 668:672 a sensitive assay 656:672 a sensitive assay 656:672 Due to the constitutive phosphatase activity present inside cells, a sensitive assay is required to detect the changes of PP2A activity under various experimental conditions. 26131975 12 61 from role 1760:1763 arg1 regulation 1800:1809 the regulation 1796:1809 the regulation of immune tolerance 1796:1829 These results suggest a role for increased PP2A activity in the regulation of immune tolerance. 26131975 8 62 theme knockout 1313:1320 arg1 macrophages 1322:1332 lyM-Cre conditional knockout macrophages 1293:1332 lyM-Cre conditional knockout macrophages 1293:1332 We further examined the role of PP2A in the tolerance effect by using PP2ACαl°xl°x;lyM-Cre conditional knockout macrophages. 26131975 11 63 theme epigenetic 1602:1611 arg1 signature 1638:1646 an epigenetic transcriptionally active signature 1599:1646 an epigenetic transcriptionally active signature on the promoter of TNF-α gene rather than regulation of the NFκB/IκB signaling pathway 1599:1733 Furthermore, we showed that the increased TNF-α secretion may be due to an epigenetic transcriptionally active signature on the promoter of TNF-α gene rather than regulation of the NFκB/IκB signaling pathway. 26131975 1 64 theme Protein 141:147 arg1 PP2A 165:168 PP2A 165:168 PP2A 165:168 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases accounting for 1% of the total cellular protein content. 26131975 1 64 theme Protein 141:147 arg1 2A 161:162 Protein phosphatase 2A 141:162 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) 141:169 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases accounting for 1% of the total cellular protein content. 26131975 4 65 theme various 731:737 arg1 conditions 752:761 various experimental conditions 731:761 various experimental conditions 731:761 Due to the constitutive phosphatase activity present inside cells, a sensitive assay is required to detect the changes of PP2A activity under various experimental conditions. 26131975 11 66 from signature 1638:1646 arg1 promoter 1655:1662 the promoter 1651:1662 the promoter of TNF-α gene 1651:1676 Furthermore, we showed that the increased TNF-α secretion may be due to an epigenetic transcriptionally active signature on the promoter of TNF-α gene rather than regulation of the NFκB/IκB signaling pathway. 26131975 12 67 theme increased 1769:1777 arg1 activity 1784:1791 increased PP2A activity 1769:1791 increased PP2A activity 1769:1791 These results suggest a role for increased PP2A activity in the regulation of immune tolerance. 26131975 6 68 theme subsequent 1026:1035 arg1 stimulation 1037:1047 subsequent stimulation 1026:1047 subsequent stimulation 1026:1047 It is also known that prior exposure to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induces "immune tolerance" of the cells to subsequent stimulation. 26131975 11 69 theme TNF-α 1569:1573 arg1 due 1592:1594 due 1592:1594 due 1592:1594 Furthermore, we showed that the increased TNF-α secretion may be due to an epigenetic transcriptionally active signature on the promoter of TNF-α gene rather than regulation of the NFκB/IκB signaling pathway. 26131975 11 69 theme TNF-α 1569:1573 arg1 secretion 1575:1583 the increased TNF-α secretion 1555:1583 the increased TNF-α secretion 1555:1583 Furthermore, we showed that the increased TNF-α secretion may be due to an epigenetic transcriptionally active signature on the promoter of TNF-α gene rather than regulation of the NFκB/IκB signaling pathway. 26131975 6 70 theme cells 1017:1021 arg1 " 1008:1008 "immune tolerance" 991:1008 "immune tolerance" of the cells to subsequent stimulation 991:1047 It is also known that prior exposure to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induces "immune tolerance" of the cells to subsequent stimulation. 26131975 0 71 theme Fluorescence-Based 79:96 arg1 Methodology 128:138 Fluorescence-Based and Immunoprecipitation-Aided Methodology 79:138 Fluorescence-Based and Immunoprecipitation-Aided Methodology 79:138 Study of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) Activity in LPS-Induced Tolerance Using Fluorescence-Based and Immunoprecipitation-Aided Methodology. 26131975 0 72 theme Immunoprecipitation-Aided 102:126 arg1 Methodology 128:138 Fluorescence-Based and Immunoprecipitation-Aided Methodology 79:138 Fluorescence-Based and Immunoprecipitation-Aided Methodology 79:138 Study of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) Activity in LPS-Induced Tolerance Using Fluorescence-Based and Immunoprecipitation-Aided Methodology. 26131975 2 73 theme regulatory 384:393 arg1 subunit 395:401 a substrate-specific regulatory subunit 363:401 a substrate-specific regulatory subunit 363:401 PP2A is comprised of a heterodimeric core enzyme and a substrate-specific regulatory subunit. 26131975 9 74 theme phosphatase 1354:1364 arg1 activity 1366:1373 PP2A phosphatase activity 1349:1373 PP2A phosphatase activity 1349:1373 We found that PP2A phosphatase activity cannot be further increased by tolerance. 26131975 10 75 theme control 1506:1512 arg1 macrophages 1514:1524 tolerized control macrophages 1496:1524 tolerized control macrophages 1496:1524 TNF-α secretion from tolerized PP2ACαl°xl°x;lyM-Cre macrophages is higher than tolerized control macrophages. 26131975 0 76 theme Phosphatase 17:27 arg1 PP2A 33:36 PP2A 33:36 PP2A 33:36 Study of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) Activity in LPS-Induced Tolerance Using Fluorescence-Based and Immunoprecipitation-Aided Methodology. 26131975 0 76 theme Phosphatase 17:27 arg1 2A 29:30 Protein Phosphatase 2A 9:30 Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) Activity 9:46 Study of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) Activity in LPS-Induced Tolerance Using Fluorescence-Based and Immunoprecipitation-Aided Methodology. 26131975 5 77 theme DIFMU 799:803 arg1 assay 792:796 a fluorescence assay 777:796 a fluorescence assay (DIFMU assay) 777:810 We optimized a fluorescence assay (DIFMU assay) by combining it with prior anti-PP2A immunoprecipitation to quantify PP2A-specific phosphatase activity. 26131975 5 77 theme DIFMU 799:803 arg1 assay 805:809 DIFMU assay 799:809 DIFMU assay 799:809 We optimized a fluorescence assay (DIFMU assay) by combining it with prior anti-PP2A immunoprecipitation to quantify PP2A-specific phosphatase activity. 26131975 1 78 theme cellular 284:291 arg1 content 301:307 the total cellular protein content 274:307 the total cellular protein content 274:307 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases accounting for 1% of the total cellular protein content. 26131975 3 79 theme PP2A 460:463 arg1 compositions 444:455 at least seventy different compositions 417:455 at least seventy different compositions of PP2A 417:463 Potentially, at least seventy different compositions of PP2A exist because of variable regulatory subunit binding that accounts for various activity modulating numerous cell functions. 26131975 7 80 theme TNF-α 1165:1169 arg1 secretion 1171:1179 decreased TNF-α secretion 1155:1179 decreased TNF-α secretion upon second LPS stimulation 1155:1207 Herein we report that PP2A activity is upregulated in tolerized peritoneal macrophages, corresponding to decreased TNF-α secretion upon second LPS stimulation. 26131975 1 81 theme content 301:307 arg1 content 301:307 the total cellular protein content 274:307 the total cellular protein content 274:307 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases accounting for 1% of the total cellular protein content. 26131975 1 81 theme content 301:307 arg1 % 269:269 1% 268:269 1% of the total cellular protein content 268:307 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases accounting for 1% of the total cellular protein content. 26131975 3 82 theme subunit 502:508 arg1 binding 510:516 variable regulatory subunit binding 482:516 variable regulatory subunit binding that accounts for various activity modulating numerous cell functions 482:586 Potentially, at least seventy different compositions of PP2A exist because of variable regulatory subunit binding that accounts for various activity modulating numerous cell functions. 26131975 4 83 theme present 634:640 arg1 activity 625:632 the constitutive phosphatase activity 596:632 the constitutive phosphatase activity present inside cells 596:653 Due to the constitutive phosphatase activity present inside cells, a sensitive assay is required to detect the changes of PP2A activity under various experimental conditions. 26131975 11 84 theme gene 1673:1676 arg1 promoter 1655:1662 the promoter 1651:1662 the promoter of TNF-α gene 1651:1676 Furthermore, we showed that the increased TNF-α secretion may be due to an epigenetic transcriptionally active signature on the promoter of TNF-α gene rather than regulation of the NFκB/IκB signaling pathway. 26131975 3 85 theme variable 482:489 arg1 binding 510:516 variable regulatory subunit binding 482:516 variable regulatory subunit binding that accounts for various activity modulating numerous cell functions 482:586 Potentially, at least seventy different compositions of PP2A exist because of variable regulatory subunit binding that accounts for various activity modulating numerous cell functions. 26131975 1 86 theme Ser/Thr 231:237 arg1 phosphatases 240:251 the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases 181:251 the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases accounting for 1% of the total cellular protein content 181:307 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases accounting for 1% of the total cellular protein content. 26131975 8 87 theme lyM-Cre 1293:1299 arg1 macrophages 1322:1332 lyM-Cre conditional knockout macrophages 1293:1332 lyM-Cre conditional knockout macrophages 1293:1332 We further examined the role of PP2A in the tolerance effect by using PP2ACαl°xl°x;lyM-Cre conditional knockout macrophages. 26131975 1 88 theme phosphatases 240:251 arg1 phosphatases 240:251 the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases 181:251 the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases accounting for 1% of the total cellular protein content 181:307 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases accounting for 1% of the total cellular protein content. 26131975 1 88 theme phosphatases 240:251 arg1 one 174:176 one 174:176 one 174:176 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the most abundant intracellular serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphatases accounting for 1% of the total cellular protein content. 28424249 0 0 from pretreatment 15:26 arg1 termite 52:58 termite 52:58 termite 52:58 Lignocellulose pretreatment in a fungus-cultivating termite. 28424249 1 1 theme challenging 162:172 arg1 lignin 76:81 Depolymerizing lignin 61:81 Depolymerizing lignin 61:81 Depolymerizing lignin, the complex phenolic polymer fortifying plant cell walls, is an essential but challenging starting point for the lignocellulosics industries. 28424249 1 1 theme challenging 162:172 arg1 point 183:187 an essential but challenging starting point 145:187 an essential but challenging starting point for the lignocellulosics industries 145:223 Depolymerizing lignin, the complex phenolic polymer fortifying plant cell walls, is an essential but challenging starting point for the lignocellulosics industries. 28424249 4 2 theme transit 665:671 arg1 time 673:676 a gut transit time 659:676 a gut transit time of under 3.5 h 659:691 In a gut transit time of under 3.5 h, in young worker termites, poplar lignin sidechains are extensively cleaved and the polymer is significantly depleted, leaving a residue almost completely devoid of various condensed units that are traditionally recognized to be the most recalcitrant. 28424249 3 3 theme ancient 401:407 arg1 system 436:441 an ancient fungus-cultivating termite system 398:441 an ancient fungus-cultivating termite system 398:441 In an ancient fungus-cultivating termite system, we reveal unprecedentedly rapid lignin depolymerization and degradation by combining laboratory feeding experiments, lignocellulosic compositional measurements, electron microscopy, 2D-NMR, and thermochemolysis. 28424249 4 4 theme lignin 727:732 arg1 sidechains 734:743 poplar lignin sidechains 720:743 poplar lignin sidechains 720:743 In a gut transit time of under 3.5 h, in young worker termites, poplar lignin sidechains are extensively cleaved and the polymer is significantly depleted, leaving a residue almost completely devoid of various condensed units that are traditionally recognized to be the most recalcitrant. 28424249 3 5 theme fungus-cultivating 409:426 arg1 system 436:441 an ancient fungus-cultivating termite system 398:441 an ancient fungus-cultivating termite system 398:441 In an ancient fungus-cultivating termite system, we reveal unprecedentedly rapid lignin depolymerization and degradation by combining laboratory feeding experiments, lignocellulosic compositional measurements, electron microscopy, 2D-NMR, and thermochemolysis. 28424249 3 6 theme lignocellulosic 561:575 arg1 measurements 591:602 lignocellulosic compositional measurements 561:602 lignocellulosic compositional measurements 561:602 In an ancient fungus-cultivating termite system, we reveal unprecedentedly rapid lignin depolymerization and degradation by combining laboratory feeding experiments, lignocellulosic compositional measurements, electron microscopy, 2D-NMR, and thermochemolysis. 28424249 3 7 theme compositional 577:589 arg1 measurements 591:602 lignocellulosic compositional measurements 561:602 lignocellulosic compositional measurements 561:602 In an ancient fungus-cultivating termite system, we reveal unprecedentedly rapid lignin depolymerization and degradation by combining laboratory feeding experiments, lignocellulosic compositional measurements, electron microscopy, 2D-NMR, and thermochemolysis. 28424249 2 8 theme radical 298:304 arg1 coupling 306:313 radical coupling 298:313 radical coupling 298:313 The variety of ether- and carbon-carbon interunit linkages produced via radical coupling during lignification limit chemical and biological depolymerization efficiency. 28424249 1 9 theme starting 174:181 arg1 lignin 76:81 Depolymerizing lignin 61:81 Depolymerizing lignin 61:81 Depolymerizing lignin, the complex phenolic polymer fortifying plant cell walls, is an essential but challenging starting point for the lignocellulosics industries. 28424249 1 9 theme starting 174:181 arg1 point 183:187 an essential but challenging starting point 145:187 an essential but challenging starting point for the lignocellulosics industries 145:223 Depolymerizing lignin, the complex phenolic polymer fortifying plant cell walls, is an essential but challenging starting point for the lignocellulosics industries. 28424249 4 10 theme worker 703:708 arg1 termites 710:717 young worker termites 697:717 young worker termites 697:717 In a gut transit time of under 3.5 h, in young worker termites, poplar lignin sidechains are extensively cleaved and the polymer is significantly depleted, leaving a residue almost completely devoid of various condensed units that are traditionally recognized to be the most recalcitrant. 28424249 1 11 theme complex 88:94 arg1 polymer 105:111 the complex phenolic polymer 84:111 the complex phenolic polymer fortifying plant cell walls 84:139 Depolymerizing lignin, the complex phenolic polymer fortifying plant cell walls, is an essential but challenging starting point for the lignocellulosics industries. 28424249 1 11 theme complex 88:94 arg1 lignin 76:81 Depolymerizing lignin 61:81 Depolymerizing lignin 61:81 Depolymerizing lignin, the complex phenolic polymer fortifying plant cell walls, is an essential but challenging starting point for the lignocellulosics industries. 28424249 4 12 theme poplar 720:725 arg1 sidechains 734:743 poplar lignin sidechains 720:743 poplar lignin sidechains 720:743 In a gut transit time of under 3.5 h, in young worker termites, poplar lignin sidechains are extensively cleaved and the polymer is significantly depleted, leaving a residue almost completely devoid of various condensed units that are traditionally recognized to be the most recalcitrant. 28424249 1 13 theme phenolic 96:103 arg1 polymer 105:111 the complex phenolic polymer 84:111 the complex phenolic polymer fortifying plant cell walls 84:139 Depolymerizing lignin, the complex phenolic polymer fortifying plant cell walls, is an essential but challenging starting point for the lignocellulosics industries. 28424249 1 13 theme phenolic 96:103 arg1 lignin 76:81 Depolymerizing lignin 61:81 Depolymerizing lignin 61:81 Depolymerizing lignin, the complex phenolic polymer fortifying plant cell walls, is an essential but challenging starting point for the lignocellulosics industries. 28424249 6 14 theme fungus-growing 1197:1210 arg1 symbiosis 1220:1228 the fungus-growing termite symbiosis 1193:1228 the fungus-growing termite symbiosis 1193:1228 This complementary symbiotic pretreatment process in the fungus-growing termite symbiosis reveals a previously unappreciated natural system for efficient lignocellulose degradation. 28424249 6 15 theme complementary 1145:1157 arg1 process 1182:1188 This complementary symbiotic pretreatment process 1140:1188 This complementary symbiotic pretreatment process in the fungus-growing termite symbiosis 1140:1228 This complementary symbiotic pretreatment process in the fungus-growing termite symbiosis reveals a previously unappreciated natural system for efficient lignocellulose degradation. 28424249 5 16 theme digestible 1088:1097 arg1 oligosaccharides 1099:1114 easily digestible oligosaccharides 1081:1114 easily digestible oligosaccharides 1081:1114 Subsequently, the fungus-comb microbiome preferentially uses xylose and cleaves polysaccharides, thus facilitating final utilization of easily digestible oligosaccharides by old worker termites. 28424249 2 17 theme chemical 342:349 arg1 efficiency 383:392 chemical and biological depolymerization efficiency 342:392 chemical and biological depolymerization efficiency 342:392 The variety of ether- and carbon-carbon interunit linkages produced via radical coupling during lignification limit chemical and biological depolymerization efficiency. 28424249 2 18 dep linkages 276:283 arg1 produced 285:292 produced 285:292 linkages produced via radical coupling during lignification limit chemical and biological depolymerization efficiency 276:392 The variety of ether- and carbon-carbon interunit linkages produced via radical coupling during lignification limit chemical and biological depolymerization efficiency. 28424249 3 19 theme termite 428:434 arg1 system 436:441 an ancient fungus-cultivating termite system 398:441 an ancient fungus-cultivating termite system 398:441 In an ancient fungus-cultivating termite system, we reveal unprecedentedly rapid lignin depolymerization and degradation by combining laboratory feeding experiments, lignocellulosic compositional measurements, electron microscopy, 2D-NMR, and thermochemolysis. 28424249 5 20 theme old 1119:1121 arg1 termites 1130:1137 old worker termites 1119:1137 old worker termites 1119:1137 Subsequently, the fungus-comb microbiome preferentially uses xylose and cleaves polysaccharides, thus facilitating final utilization of easily digestible oligosaccharides by old worker termites. 28424249 6 21 from process 1182:1188 arg1 symbiosis 1220:1228 the fungus-growing termite symbiosis 1193:1228 the fungus-growing termite symbiosis 1193:1228 This complementary symbiotic pretreatment process in the fungus-growing termite symbiosis reveals a previously unappreciated natural system for efficient lignocellulose degradation. 28424249 1 22 theme lignocellulosics 197:212 arg1 industries 214:223 the lignocellulosics industries 193:223 the lignocellulosics industries 193:223 Depolymerizing lignin, the complex phenolic polymer fortifying plant cell walls, is an essential but challenging starting point for the lignocellulosics industries. 28424249 4 23 theme units 876:880 arg1 devoid 848:853 devoid 848:853 devoid 848:853 In a gut transit time of under 3.5 h, in young worker termites, poplar lignin sidechains are extensively cleaved and the polymer is significantly depleted, leaving a residue almost completely devoid of various condensed units that are traditionally recognized to be the most recalcitrant. 28424249 4 24 theme gut 661:663 arg1 time 673:676 a gut transit time 659:676 a gut transit time of under 3.5 h 659:691 In a gut transit time of under 3.5 h, in young worker termites, poplar lignin sidechains are extensively cleaved and the polymer is significantly depleted, leaving a residue almost completely devoid of various condensed units that are traditionally recognized to be the most recalcitrant. 28424249 1 25 theme plant 124:128 arg1 walls 135:139 plant cell walls 124:139 plant cell walls 124:139 Depolymerizing lignin, the complex phenolic polymer fortifying plant cell walls, is an essential but challenging starting point for the lignocellulosics industries. 28424249 4 26 theme young 697:701 arg1 termites 710:717 young worker termites 697:717 young worker termites 697:717 In a gut transit time of under 3.5 h, in young worker termites, poplar lignin sidechains are extensively cleaved and the polymer is significantly depleted, leaving a residue almost completely devoid of various condensed units that are traditionally recognized to be the most recalcitrant. 28424249 3 27 theme rapid 470:474 arg1 depolymerization 483:498 unprecedentedly rapid lignin depolymerization 454:498 unprecedentedly rapid lignin depolymerization 454:498 In an ancient fungus-cultivating termite system, we reveal unprecedentedly rapid lignin depolymerization and degradation by combining laboratory feeding experiments, lignocellulosic compositional measurements, electron microscopy, 2D-NMR, and thermochemolysis. 28424249 5 28 theme worker 1123:1128 arg1 termites 1130:1137 old worker termites 1119:1137 old worker termites 1119:1137 Subsequently, the fungus-comb microbiome preferentially uses xylose and cleaves polysaccharides, thus facilitating final utilization of easily digestible oligosaccharides by old worker termites. 28424249 6 29 theme pretreatment 1169:1180 arg1 process 1182:1188 This complementary symbiotic pretreatment process 1140:1188 This complementary symbiotic pretreatment process in the fungus-growing termite symbiosis 1140:1228 This complementary symbiotic pretreatment process in the fungus-growing termite symbiosis reveals a previously unappreciated natural system for efficient lignocellulose degradation. 28424249 3 30 theme lignin 476:481 arg1 depolymerization 483:498 unprecedentedly rapid lignin depolymerization 454:498 unprecedentedly rapid lignin depolymerization 454:498 In an ancient fungus-cultivating termite system, we reveal unprecedentedly rapid lignin depolymerization and degradation by combining laboratory feeding experiments, lignocellulosic compositional measurements, electron microscopy, 2D-NMR, and thermochemolysis. 28424249 2 31 theme ether- 241:246 arg1 ether- 241:246 ether- 241:246 ether- 241:246 The variety of ether- and carbon-carbon interunit linkages produced via radical coupling during lignification limit chemical and biological depolymerization efficiency. 28424249 2 31 theme ether- 241:246 arg1 interunit 266:274 carbon-carbon interunit 252:274 carbon-carbon interunit 252:274 The variety of ether- and carbon-carbon interunit linkages produced via radical coupling during lignification limit chemical and biological depolymerization efficiency. 28424249 2 31 theme ether- 241:246 arg1 variety 230:236 The variety 226:236 The variety of ether- and carbon-carbon interunit 226:274 The variety of ether- and carbon-carbon interunit linkages produced via radical coupling during lignification limit chemical and biological depolymerization efficiency. 28424249 3 32 theme laboratory 529:538 arg1 experiments 548:558 laboratory feeding experiments 529:558 laboratory feeding experiments 529:558 In an ancient fungus-cultivating termite system, we reveal unprecedentedly rapid lignin depolymerization and degradation by combining laboratory feeding experiments, lignocellulosic compositional measurements, electron microscopy, 2D-NMR, and thermochemolysis. 28424249 5 33 theme fungus-comb 963:973 arg1 microbiome 975:984 the fungus-comb microbiome 959:984 the fungus-comb microbiome 959:984 Subsequently, the fungus-comb microbiome preferentially uses xylose and cleaves polysaccharides, thus facilitating final utilization of easily digestible oligosaccharides by old worker termites. 28424249 6 34 theme unappreciated 1251:1263 arg1 system 1273:1278 a previously unappreciated natural system 1238:1278 a previously unappreciated natural system for efficient lignocellulose degradation 1238:1319 This complementary symbiotic pretreatment process in the fungus-growing termite symbiosis reveals a previously unappreciated natural system for efficient lignocellulose degradation. 28424249 1 35 theme cell 130:133 arg1 walls 135:139 plant cell walls 124:139 plant cell walls 124:139 Depolymerizing lignin, the complex phenolic polymer fortifying plant cell walls, is an essential but challenging starting point for the lignocellulosics industries. 28424249 3 36 theme electron 605:612 arg1 microscopy 614:623 electron microscopy 605:623 electron microscopy 605:623 In an ancient fungus-cultivating termite system, we reveal unprecedentedly rapid lignin depolymerization and degradation by combining laboratory feeding experiments, lignocellulosic compositional measurements, electron microscopy, 2D-NMR, and thermochemolysis. 28424249 2 37 dep lignification 322:334 arg1 limit 336:340 limit 336:340 limit chemical and biological depolymerization efficiency 336:392 The variety of ether- and carbon-carbon interunit linkages produced via radical coupling during lignification limit chemical and biological depolymerization efficiency. 28424249 1 38 theme Depolymerizing 61:74 arg1 polymer 105:111 the complex phenolic polymer 84:111 the complex phenolic polymer fortifying plant cell walls 84:139 Depolymerizing lignin, the complex phenolic polymer fortifying plant cell walls, is an essential but challenging starting point for the lignocellulosics industries. 28424249 1 38 theme Depolymerizing 61:74 arg1 lignin 76:81 Depolymerizing lignin 61:81 Depolymerizing lignin 61:81 Depolymerizing lignin, the complex phenolic polymer fortifying plant cell walls, is an essential but challenging starting point for the lignocellulosics industries. 28424249 1 38 theme Depolymerizing 61:74 arg1 point 183:187 an essential but challenging starting point 145:187 an essential but challenging starting point for the lignocellulosics industries 145:223 Depolymerizing lignin, the complex phenolic polymer fortifying plant cell walls, is an essential but challenging starting point for the lignocellulosics industries. 28424249 5 39 theme oligosaccharides 1099:1114 arg1 utilization 1066:1076 final utilization 1060:1076 final utilization of easily digestible oligosaccharides by old worker termites 1060:1137 Subsequently, the fungus-comb microbiome preferentially uses xylose and cleaves polysaccharides, thus facilitating final utilization of easily digestible oligosaccharides by old worker termites. 28424249 4 40 theme condensed 866:874 arg1 units 876:880 various condensed units 858:880 various condensed units that are traditionally recognized to be the most recalcitrant 858:942 In a gut transit time of under 3.5 h, in young worker termites, poplar lignin sidechains are extensively cleaved and the polymer is significantly depleted, leaving a residue almost completely devoid of various condensed units that are traditionally recognized to be the most recalcitrant. 28424249 4 40 theme condensed 866:874 arg1 recalcitrant 931:942 recalcitrant 931:942 recalcitrant 931:942 In a gut transit time of under 3.5 h, in young worker termites, poplar lignin sidechains are extensively cleaved and the polymer is significantly depleted, leaving a residue almost completely devoid of various condensed units that are traditionally recognized to be the most recalcitrant. 28424249 2 41 theme depolymerization 366:381 arg1 efficiency 383:392 chemical and biological depolymerization efficiency 342:392 chemical and biological depolymerization efficiency 342:392 The variety of ether- and carbon-carbon interunit linkages produced via radical coupling during lignification limit chemical and biological depolymerization efficiency. 28424249 6 42 theme natural 1265:1271 arg1 system 1273:1278 a previously unappreciated natural system 1238:1278 a previously unappreciated natural system for efficient lignocellulose degradation 1238:1319 This complementary symbiotic pretreatment process in the fungus-growing termite symbiosis reveals a previously unappreciated natural system for efficient lignocellulose degradation. 28424249 4 43 theme h 691:691 arg1 time 673:676 a gut transit time 659:676 a gut transit time of under 3.5 h 659:691 In a gut transit time of under 3.5 h, in young worker termites, poplar lignin sidechains are extensively cleaved and the polymer is significantly depleted, leaving a residue almost completely devoid of various condensed units that are traditionally recognized to be the most recalcitrant. 28424249 4 44 theme devoid 848:853 arg1 residue 822:828 a residue 820:828 a residue almost completely devoid of various condensed units that are traditionally recognized to be the most recalcitrant 820:942 In a gut transit time of under 3.5 h, in young worker termites, poplar lignin sidechains are extensively cleaved and the polymer is significantly depleted, leaving a residue almost completely devoid of various condensed units that are traditionally recognized to be the most recalcitrant. 28424249 4 45 theme various 858:864 arg1 units 876:880 various condensed units 858:880 various condensed units that are traditionally recognized to be the most recalcitrant 858:942 In a gut transit time of under 3.5 h, in young worker termites, poplar lignin sidechains are extensively cleaved and the polymer is significantly depleted, leaving a residue almost completely devoid of various condensed units that are traditionally recognized to be the most recalcitrant. 28424249 4 45 theme various 858:864 arg1 recalcitrant 931:942 recalcitrant 931:942 recalcitrant 931:942 In a gut transit time of under 3.5 h, in young worker termites, poplar lignin sidechains are extensively cleaved and the polymer is significantly depleted, leaving a residue almost completely devoid of various condensed units that are traditionally recognized to be the most recalcitrant. 28424249 2 46 theme biological 355:364 arg1 efficiency 383:392 chemical and biological depolymerization efficiency 342:392 chemical and biological depolymerization efficiency 342:392 The variety of ether- and carbon-carbon interunit linkages produced via radical coupling during lignification limit chemical and biological depolymerization efficiency. 28424249 6 47 theme efficient 1284:1292 arg1 degradation 1309:1319 efficient lignocellulose degradation 1284:1319 efficient lignocellulose degradation 1284:1319 This complementary symbiotic pretreatment process in the fungus-growing termite symbiosis reveals a previously unappreciated natural system for efficient lignocellulose degradation. 28424249 6 48 theme symbiotic 1159:1167 arg1 process 1182:1188 This complementary symbiotic pretreatment process 1140:1188 This complementary symbiotic pretreatment process in the fungus-growing termite symbiosis 1140:1228 This complementary symbiotic pretreatment process in the fungus-growing termite symbiosis reveals a previously unappreciated natural system for efficient lignocellulose degradation. 28424249 2 49 theme interunit 266:274 arg1 ether- 241:246 ether- 241:246 ether- 241:246 The variety of ether- and carbon-carbon interunit linkages produced via radical coupling during lignification limit chemical and biological depolymerization efficiency. 28424249 2 49 theme interunit 266:274 arg1 interunit 266:274 carbon-carbon interunit 252:274 carbon-carbon interunit 252:274 The variety of ether- and carbon-carbon interunit linkages produced via radical coupling during lignification limit chemical and biological depolymerization efficiency. 28424249 2 49 theme interunit 266:274 arg1 variety 230:236 The variety 226:236 The variety of ether- and carbon-carbon interunit 226:274 The variety of ether- and carbon-carbon interunit linkages produced via radical coupling during lignification limit chemical and biological depolymerization efficiency. 28424249 3 50 theme feeding 540:546 arg1 experiments 548:558 laboratory feeding experiments 529:558 laboratory feeding experiments 529:558 In an ancient fungus-cultivating termite system, we reveal unprecedentedly rapid lignin depolymerization and degradation by combining laboratory feeding experiments, lignocellulosic compositional measurements, electron microscopy, 2D-NMR, and thermochemolysis. 28424249 5 51 theme final 1060:1064 arg1 utilization 1066:1076 final utilization 1060:1076 final utilization of easily digestible oligosaccharides by old worker termites 1060:1137 Subsequently, the fungus-comb microbiome preferentially uses xylose and cleaves polysaccharides, thus facilitating final utilization of easily digestible oligosaccharides by old worker termites. 28424249 6 52 theme termite 1212:1218 arg1 symbiosis 1220:1228 the fungus-growing termite symbiosis 1193:1228 the fungus-growing termite symbiosis 1193:1228 This complementary symbiotic pretreatment process in the fungus-growing termite symbiosis reveals a previously unappreciated natural system for efficient lignocellulose degradation. 28424249 6 53 theme lignocellulose 1294:1307 arg1 degradation 1309:1319 efficient lignocellulose degradation 1284:1319 efficient lignocellulose degradation 1284:1319 This complementary symbiotic pretreatment process in the fungus-growing termite symbiosis reveals a previously unappreciated natural system for efficient lignocellulose degradation. 28424249 2 54 theme carbon-carbon 252:264 arg1 interunit 266:274 carbon-carbon interunit 252:274 carbon-carbon interunit 252:274 The variety of ether- and carbon-carbon interunit linkages produced via radical coupling during lignification limit chemical and biological depolymerization efficiency. 28424249 1 55 theme essential 148:156 arg1 lignin 76:81 Depolymerizing lignin 61:81 Depolymerizing lignin 61:81 Depolymerizing lignin, the complex phenolic polymer fortifying plant cell walls, is an essential but challenging starting point for the lignocellulosics industries. 28424249 1 55 theme essential 148:156 arg1 point 183:187 an essential but challenging starting point 145:187 an essential but challenging starting point for the lignocellulosics industries 145:223 Depolymerizing lignin, the complex phenolic polymer fortifying plant cell walls, is an essential but challenging starting point for the lignocellulosics industries. 25062698 17 0 theme genera 2315:2320 arg1 species 2260:2266 species 2260:2266 species of the genus Virgibacillus or of other related genera 2260:2320 It is closely related to V. koreensis and V. albus, but with features that clearly distinguish it from species of the genus Virgibacillus or of other related genera. 25062698 9 1 theme albus 1189:1193 arg1 T 1201:1201 T 1201:1201 T 1201:1201 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 1 theme albus 1189:1193 arg1 NHBX5 1195:1199 Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5 1172:1199 Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%) 1172:1210 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 1 theme albus 1189:1193 arg1 % 1209:1209 96.6% 1205:1209 96.6% 1205:1209 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 12 2 theme relatedness 1612:1622 arg1 levels 1602:1607 low levels 1598:1607 low levels of relatedness between strain B6B(T)and V. koreensis BH30097(T) (13%) and V. albus YIM 93624(T) (33%) 1598:1709 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed low levels of relatedness between strain B6B(T)and V. koreensis BH30097(T) (13%) and V. albus YIM 93624(T) (33%). 25062698 7 3 theme % 790:790 arg1 NaCl 798:801 10.0% (w/v) NaCl 786:801 10.0% (w/v) NaCl 786:801 The strain was able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0.5-20.0% (w/v), with optimum growth occurring at 10.0% (w/v) NaCl. 25062698 12 4 theme strain 1632:1637 arg1 T 1670:1670 T 1670:1670 T 1670:1670 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed low levels of relatedness between strain B6B(T)and V. koreensis BH30097(T) (13%) and V. albus YIM 93624(T) (33%). 25062698 12 4 theme strain 1632:1637 arg1 % 1676:1676 13% 1674:1676 13% 1674:1676 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed low levels of relatedness between strain B6B(T)and V. koreensis BH30097(T) (13%) and V. albus YIM 93624(T) (33%). 25062698 12 4 theme strain 1632:1637 arg1 T 1643:1643 strain B6B(T) 1632:1644 strain B6B(T) 1632:1644 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed low levels of relatedness between strain B6B(T)and V. koreensis BH30097(T) (13%) and V. albus YIM 93624(T) (33%). 25062698 12 4 theme strain 1632:1637 arg1 T 1702:1702 T 1702:1702 T 1702:1702 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed low levels of relatedness between strain B6B(T)and V. koreensis BH30097(T) (13%) and V. albus YIM 93624(T) (33%). 25062698 12 4 theme strain 1632:1637 arg1 % 1708:1708 33% 1706:1708 33% 1706:1708 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed low levels of relatedness between strain B6B(T)and V. koreensis BH30097(T) (13%) and V. albus YIM 93624(T) (33%). 25062698 4 5 theme hypersaline 376:386 arg1 Aran-Bidgol 394:404 Aran-Bidgol 394:404 Aran-Bidgol 394:404 A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain B6B(T), was isolated from the water of an Iranian hypersaline lake, Aran-Bidgol, and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. 25062698 4 5 theme hypersaline 376:386 arg1 lake 388:391 an Iranian hypersaline lake 365:391 an Iranian hypersaline lake 365:391 A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain B6B(T), was isolated from the water of an Iranian hypersaline lake, Aran-Bidgol, and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. 25062698 24 6 theme type 2867:2870 arg1 strain 2872:2877 the type strain 2863:2877 the type strain of Aquibacillus albus comb 2863:2904 nov. is BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) and the type strain of Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 20 7 dep Aquibacillus 2661:2672 arg1 koreensis 2674:2682 koreensis 2674:2682 koreensis 2674:2682 We also propose that V. koreensis and V. albus should be transferred to this new genus and be named Aquibacillus koreensis comb. 25062698 5 8 theme B6B 484:486 arg1 Cells 468:472 Cells 468:472 Cells of strain B6B(T) 468:489 Cells of strain B6B(T) were rod-shaped, motile and produced ellipsoidal endospores in terminal positions in non-swollen sporangia. 25062698 1 9 theme koreensis 168:176 arg1 comb 178:181 Aquibacillus koreensis comb 155:181 Aquibacillus koreensis comb 155:181 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a hypersaline lake, and reclassification of Virgibacillus koreensis as Aquibacillus koreensis comb. 25062698 5 10 dep rod-shaped 496:505 arg1 motile 508:513 motile 508:513 motile 508:513 Cells of strain B6B(T) were rod-shaped, motile and produced ellipsoidal endospores in terminal positions in non-swollen sporangia. 25062698 9 11 with YIM-C158 1294:1301 arg1 species 1033:1039 the species 1029:1039 the species 1029:1039 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 8 12 theme optimum 808:814 arg1 °C 854:855 35 °C 851:855 35 °C 851:855 The optimum temperature and pH for growth were 35 °C and pH 7.0. 25062698 8 12 theme optimum 808:814 arg1 temperature 816:826 The optimum temperature 804:826 The optimum temperature 804:826 The optimum temperature and pH for growth were 35 °C and pH 7.0. 25062698 25 13 theme 23711 2935:2939 arg1 T 2972:2972 T 2972:2972 T 2972:2972 nov. is YIM 93624(T) ( =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T)). 25062698 25 13 theme 23711 2935:2939 arg1 17364 2966:2970  =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364 2929:2970  =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T) 2929:2973 nov. is YIM 93624(T) ( =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T)). 25062698 2 14 theme albus 229:233 arg1 comb 235:238 Aquibacillus albus comb 216:238 Aquibacillus albus comb 216:238 nov. and Virgibacillus albus as Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 9 15 theme Virgibacillus 1213:1225 arg1 20964 1243:1247 Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964 1213:1247 Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) 1213:1258 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 15 theme Virgibacillus 1213:1225 arg1 % 1257:1257 96.3% 1253:1257 96.3% 1253:1257 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 15 theme Virgibacillus 1213:1225 arg1 T 1249:1249 T 1249:1249 T 1249:1249 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 12 16 theme hybridization 1563:1575 arg1 experiments 1577:1587 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1555:1587 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1555:1587 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed low levels of relatedness between strain B6B(T)and V. koreensis BH30097(T) (13%) and V. albus YIM 93624(T) (33%). 25062698 25 17 dep 93624 2919:2923 arg1 T 2972:2972 T 2972:2972 T 2972:2972 nov. is YIM 93624(T) ( =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T)). 25062698 25 17 dep 93624 2919:2923 arg1 17364 2966:2970  =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364 2929:2970  =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T) 2929:2973 nov. is YIM 93624(T) ( =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T)). 25062698 25 18 theme T 2941:2941 arg1 T 2972:2972 T 2972:2972 T 2972:2972 nov. is YIM 93624(T) ( =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T)). 25062698 25 18 theme T 2941:2941 arg1 17364 2966:2970  =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364 2929:2970  =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T) 2929:2973 nov. is YIM 93624(T) ( =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T)). 25062698 9 19 theme rRNA 889:892 arg1 analysis 908:915 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 885:915 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 885:915 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 18 20 theme polyphasic 2343:2352 arg1 evidence 2354:2361 the polyphasic evidence 2339:2361 the polyphasic evidence derived in this study 2339:2383 On the basis of the polyphasic evidence derived in this study, we propose that strain B6B(T) be placed within a new genus, as Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 25062698 9 21 theme LMG 1239:1241 arg1 20964 1243:1247 Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964 1213:1247 Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) 1213:1258 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 21 theme LMG 1239:1241 arg1 % 1257:1257 96.3% 1253:1257 96.3% 1253:1257 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 21 theme LMG 1239:1241 arg1 T 1249:1249 T 1249:1249 T 1249:1249 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 25 22 theme  =IBRC-M 2943:2950 arg1 T 2972:2972 T 2972:2972 T 2972:2972 nov. is YIM 93624(T) ( =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T)). 25062698 25 22 theme  =IBRC-M 2943:2950 arg1 17364 2966:2970  =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364 2929:2970  =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T) 2929:2973 nov. is YIM 93624(T) ( =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T)). 25062698 9 23 theme sequence 899:906 arg1 analysis 908:915 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 885:915 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 885:915 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 24 theme albus 1099:1103 arg1 T 1115:1115 T 1115:1115 T 1115:1115 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 24 theme albus 1099:1103 arg1 93624 1109:1113 Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624 1085:1113 Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%) 1085:1124 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 24 theme albus 1099:1103 arg1 % 1123:1123 97.4% 1119:1123 97.4% 1119:1123 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 24 theme albus 1099:1103 arg1 BH30097 1065:1071 koreensis BH30097 1055:1071 koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%) 1055:1082 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 10 25 theme separate 1457:1464 arg1 clade 1466:1470 a separate clade 1455:1470 a separate clade in the family Bacillaceae 1455:1496 Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain B6B(T), along with V. koreensis BH30097(T) and V. albus YIM 93624(T), clustered in a separate clade in the family Bacillaceae. 25062698 20 26 theme Aquibacillus 2661:2672 arg1 comb 2684:2687 Aquibacillus koreensis comb 2661:2687 Aquibacillus koreensis comb 2661:2687 We also propose that V. koreensis and V. albus should be transferred to this new genus and be named Aquibacillus koreensis comb. 25062698 19 27 theme  =KCTC 2543:2548 arg1 T 2556:2556 T 2556:2556 T 2556:2556 nov., with B6B(T) as the type strain ( =IBRC-M 10775(T) =KCTC 13828(T)). 25062698 19 27 theme  =KCTC 2543:2548 arg1 13828 2550:2554  =IBRC-M 10775(T) =KCTC 13828 2526:2554  =IBRC-M 10775(T) =KCTC 13828(T) 2526:2557 nov., with B6B(T) as the type strain ( =IBRC-M 10775(T) =KCTC 13828(T)). 25062698 18 28 theme halophilus 2462:2471 arg1 sp 2484:2485 sp 2484:2485 sp 2484:2485 On the basis of the polyphasic evidence derived in this study, we propose that strain B6B(T) be placed within a new genus, as Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 25062698 18 28 theme halophilus 2462:2471 arg1 nov. 2478:2481 Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 2449:2481 Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 2449:2481 On the basis of the polyphasic evidence derived in this study, we propose that strain B6B(T) be placed within a new genus, as Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 25062698 18 28 theme halophilus 2462:2471 arg1 B6B 2409:2411 strain B6B 2402:2411 strain B6B(T) 2402:2414 On the basis of the polyphasic evidence derived in this study, we propose that strain B6B(T) be placed within a new genus, as Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 25062698 13 29 theme strain 1745:1750 arg1 T 1756:1756 T 1756:1756 T 1756:1756 The major cellular fatty acid of strain B6B(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0 (75.1%) and its polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. 25062698 13 29 theme strain 1745:1750 arg1 B6B 1752:1754 strain B6B 1745:1754 strain B6B(T) 1745:1757 The major cellular fatty acid of strain B6B(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0 (75.1%) and its polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. 25062698 24 30 theme  =JCM 2843:2847 arg1 T 2855:2855  =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T) 2812:2856  =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T) 2812:2856 nov. is BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) and the type strain of Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 24 30 theme  =JCM 2843:2847 arg1 BH30097 2800:2806 BH30097 2800:2806 BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) 2800:2857 nov. is BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) and the type strain of Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 9 31 dep BH30097 1065:1071 arg1 Virgibacillus 1041:1053 Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%) 1041:1169 Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%) 1041:1169 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 32 dep Sediminibacillus 1127:1142 arg1 halophilus 1144:1153 halophilus 1144:1153 halophilus 1144:1153 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 13 33 theme unknown 1905:1911 arg1 glycolipid 1913:1922 an unknown glycolipid 1902:1922 an unknown glycolipid 1902:1922 The major cellular fatty acid of strain B6B(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0 (75.1%) and its polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. 25062698 5 34 theme non-swollen 576:586 arg1 sporangia 588:596 non-swollen sporangia 576:596 non-swollen sporangia 576:596 Cells of strain B6B(T) were rod-shaped, motile and produced ellipsoidal endospores in terminal positions in non-swollen sporangia. 25062698 18 35 theme Aquibacillus 2449:2460 arg1 sp 2484:2485 sp 2484:2485 sp 2484:2485 On the basis of the polyphasic evidence derived in this study, we propose that strain B6B(T) be placed within a new genus, as Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 25062698 18 35 theme Aquibacillus 2449:2460 arg1 nov. 2478:2481 Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 2449:2481 Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 2449:2481 On the basis of the polyphasic evidence derived in this study, we propose that strain B6B(T) be placed within a new genus, as Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 25062698 18 35 theme Aquibacillus 2449:2460 arg1 B6B 2409:2411 strain B6B 2402:2411 strain B6B(T) 2402:2414 On the basis of the polyphasic evidence derived in this study, we propose that strain B6B(T) be placed within a new genus, as Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 25062698 4 36 theme polyphasic 447:456 arg1 approach 458:465 a polyphasic approach 445:465 a polyphasic approach 445:465 A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain B6B(T), was isolated from the water of an Iranian hypersaline lake, Aran-Bidgol, and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. 25062698 9 37 with 20964 1243:1247 arg1 species 1033:1039 the species 1029:1039 the species 1029:1039 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 6 38 theme oxidase-positive 664:679 arg1 bacterium 636:644 a strictly aerobic bacterium 617:644 a strictly aerobic bacterium and catalase- and oxidase-positive 617:679 Strain B6B(T) was a strictly aerobic bacterium and catalase- and oxidase-positive. 25062698 6 38 theme oxidase-positive 664:679 arg1 B6B 606:608 Strain B6B 599:608 Strain B6B(T) 599:611 Strain B6B(T) was a strictly aerobic bacterium and catalase- and oxidase-positive. 25062698 5 39 theme ellipsoidal 528:538 arg1 endospores 540:549 ellipsoidal endospores 528:549 ellipsoidal endospores 528:549 Cells of strain B6B(T) were rod-shaped, motile and produced ellipsoidal endospores in terminal positions in non-swollen sporangia. 25062698 1 40 theme halophilic 58:67 arg1 bacterium 69:77 a moderately halophilic bacterium 45:77 a moderately halophilic bacterium from a hypersaline lake 45:101 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a hypersaline lake, and reclassification of Virgibacillus koreensis as Aquibacillus koreensis comb. 25062698 16 41 theme phylum 2138:2143 arg1 Firmicutes 2145:2154 the phylum Firmicutes 2134:2154 the phylum Firmicutes 2134:2154 All of these features support the placement of isolate B6B(T) within the phylum Firmicutes. 25062698 18 42 theme strain 2402:2407 arg1 nov. 2478:2481 Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 2449:2481 Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 2449:2481 On the basis of the polyphasic evidence derived in this study, we propose that strain B6B(T) be placed within a new genus, as Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 25062698 18 42 theme strain 2402:2407 arg1 T 2413:2413 T 2413:2413 T 2413:2413 On the basis of the polyphasic evidence derived in this study, we propose that strain B6B(T) be placed within a new genus, as Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 25062698 18 42 theme strain 2402:2407 arg1 B6B 2409:2411 strain B6B 2402:2411 strain B6B(T) 2402:2414 On the basis of the polyphasic evidence derived in this study, we propose that strain B6B(T) be placed within a new genus, as Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 25062698 6 43 theme catalase- 650:658 arg1 bacterium 636:644 a strictly aerobic bacterium 617:644 a strictly aerobic bacterium and catalase- and oxidase-positive 617:679 Strain B6B(T) was a strictly aerobic bacterium and catalase- and oxidase-positive. 25062698 6 43 theme catalase- 650:658 arg1 B6B 606:608 Strain B6B 599:608 Strain B6B(T) 599:611 Strain B6B(T) was a strictly aerobic bacterium and catalase- and oxidase-positive. 25062698 0 44 theme Aquibacillus 0:11 arg1 nov. 29:32 Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 0:32 Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 0:32 Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 25062698 1 45 from lake 98:101 arg1 reclassification 108:123 reclassification 108:123 reclassification of Virgibacillus koreensis as Aquibacillus koreensis comb 108:181 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a hypersaline lake, and reclassification of Virgibacillus koreensis as Aquibacillus koreensis comb. 25062698 1 45 from lake 98:101 arg1 bacterium 69:77 a moderately halophilic bacterium 45:77 a moderately halophilic bacterium from a hypersaline lake 45:101 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a hypersaline lake, and reclassification of Virgibacillus koreensis as Aquibacillus koreensis comb. 25062698 1 45 from lake 98:101 arg1 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a hypersaline lake, and reclassification of Virgibacillus koreensis as Aquibacillus koreensis comb. 25062698 23 46 theme comb 2786:2789 arg1 strain 2753:2758 The type strain 2744:2758 The type strain of Aquibacillus koreensis comb. 2744:2790 The type strain of Aquibacillus koreensis comb. 25062698 4 47 theme Gram-stain-positive 254:272 arg1 bacterium 297:305 A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium 246:305 A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium 246:305 A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain B6B(T), was isolated from the water of an Iranian hypersaline lake, Aran-Bidgol, and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. 25062698 0 48 theme gen. 24:27 arg1 nov. 29:32 Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 0:32 Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 0:32 Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 25062698 9 49 with BH30097 1065:1071 arg1 species 1033:1039 the species 1029:1039 the species 1029:1039 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 1 50 theme hypersaline 86:96 arg1 lake 98:101 a hypersaline lake 84:101 a hypersaline lake 84:101 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a hypersaline lake, and reclassification of Virgibacillus koreensis as Aquibacillus koreensis comb. 25062698 10 51 from clade 1466:1470 arg1 Bacillaceae 1486:1496 the family Bacillaceae 1475:1496 the family Bacillaceae 1475:1496 Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain B6B(T), along with V. koreensis BH30097(T) and V. albus YIM 93624(T), clustered in a separate clade in the family Bacillaceae. 25062698 23 52 theme Aquibacillus 2763:2774 arg1 comb 2786:2789 Aquibacillus koreensis comb 2763:2789 Aquibacillus koreensis comb 2763:2789 The type strain of Aquibacillus koreensis comb. 25062698 10 53 theme family 1479:1484 arg1 Bacillaceae 1486:1496 the family Bacillaceae 1475:1496 the family Bacillaceae 1475:1496 Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain B6B(T), along with V. koreensis BH30097(T) and V. albus YIM 93624(T), clustered in a separate clade in the family Bacillaceae. 25062698 9 54 theme phylum 959:964 arg1 Firmicutes 966:975 the phylum Firmicutes 955:975 the phylum Firmicutes 955:975 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 54 theme phylum 959:964 arg1 BH30097 1065:1071 koreensis BH30097 1055:1071 koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%) 1055:1082 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 11 55 theme isolate 1532:1538 arg1 content 1511:1517 The DNA G+C content 1499:1517 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate 1499:1538 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate was 35.8 mol%. 25062698 11 55 theme isolate 1532:1538 arg1 % 1552:1552 35.8 mol% 1544:1552 35.8 mol% 1544:1552 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate was 35.8 mol%. 25062698 19 56 theme T 2541:2541 arg1 T 2556:2556 T 2556:2556 T 2556:2556 nov., with B6B(T) as the type strain ( =IBRC-M 10775(T) =KCTC 13828(T)). 25062698 19 56 theme T 2541:2541 arg1 13828 2550:2554  =IBRC-M 10775(T) =KCTC 13828 2526:2554  =IBRC-M 10775(T) =KCTC 13828(T) 2526:2557 nov., with B6B(T) as the type strain ( =IBRC-M 10775(T) =KCTC 13828(T)). 25062698 17 57 with related 2171:2177 arg1 features 2218:2225 features 2218:2225 features that clearly distinguish it from species of the genus Virgibacillus or of other related genera 2218:2320 It is closely related to V. koreensis and V. albus, but with features that clearly distinguish it from species of the genus Virgibacillus or of other related genera. 25062698 13 58 theme cellular 1722:1729 arg1 0 1777:1777 0 1777:1777 0 1777:1777 The major cellular fatty acid of strain B6B(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0 (75.1%) and its polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. 25062698 13 58 theme cellular 1722:1729 arg1 acid 1737:1740 The major cellular fatty acid 1712:1740 The major cellular fatty acid of strain B6B(T) 1712:1757 The major cellular fatty acid of strain B6B(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0 (75.1%) and its polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. 25062698 13 59 theme unknown 1877:1883 arg1 phospholipid 1885:1896 an unknown phospholipid 1874:1896 an unknown phospholipid 1874:1896 The major cellular fatty acid of strain B6B(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0 (75.1%) and its polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. 25062698 2 60 theme Virgibacillus 193:205 arg1 albus 207:211 Virgibacillus albus 193:211 Virgibacillus albus 193:211 nov. and Virgibacillus albus as Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 9 61 theme closest 985:991 arg1 similarities 1006:1017 its closest phylogenetic similarities 981:1017 its closest phylogenetic similarities 981:1017 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 17 62 theme Virgibacillus 2281:2293 arg1 species 2260:2266 species 2260:2266 species of the genus Virgibacillus or of other related genera 2260:2320 It is closely related to V. koreensis and V. albus, but with features that clearly distinguish it from species of the genus Virgibacillus or of other related genera. 25062698 14 63 theme isoprenoid 1929:1938 arg1 MK-7 1954:1957 MK-7 1954:1957 MK-7 1954:1957 The isoprenoid quinones were MK-7 (90%) and MK-6 (3%). 25062698 14 63 theme isoprenoid 1929:1938 arg1 quinones 1940:1947 The isoprenoid quinones 1925:1947 The isoprenoid quinones 1925:1947 The isoprenoid quinones were MK-7 (90%) and MK-6 (3%). 25062698 16 64 theme B6B 2120:2122 arg1 placement 2099:2107 the placement 2095:2107 the placement of isolate B6B(T) within the phylum Firmicutes 2095:2154 All of these features support the placement of isolate B6B(T) within the phylum Firmicutes. 25062698 11 65 theme DNA 1503:1505 arg1 content 1511:1517 The DNA G+C content 1499:1517 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate 1499:1538 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate was 35.8 mol%. 25062698 11 65 theme DNA 1503:1505 arg1 % 1552:1552 35.8 mol% 1544:1552 35.8 mol% 1544:1552 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate was 35.8 mol%. 25062698 13 66 theme polar 1795:1799 arg1 pattern 1807:1813 its polar lipid pattern 1791:1813 its polar lipid pattern 1791:1813 The major cellular fatty acid of strain B6B(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0 (75.1%) and its polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. 25062698 12 67 theme B6B 1639:1641 arg1 T 1670:1670 T 1670:1670 T 1670:1670 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed low levels of relatedness between strain B6B(T)and V. koreensis BH30097(T) (13%) and V. albus YIM 93624(T) (33%). 25062698 12 67 theme B6B 1639:1641 arg1 % 1676:1676 13% 1674:1676 13% 1674:1676 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed low levels of relatedness between strain B6B(T)and V. koreensis BH30097(T) (13%) and V. albus YIM 93624(T) (33%). 25062698 12 67 theme B6B 1639:1641 arg1 T 1643:1643 strain B6B(T) 1632:1644 strain B6B(T) 1632:1644 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed low levels of relatedness between strain B6B(T)and V. koreensis BH30097(T) (13%) and V. albus YIM 93624(T) (33%). 25062698 12 67 theme B6B 1639:1641 arg1 T 1702:1702 T 1702:1702 T 1702:1702 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed low levels of relatedness between strain B6B(T)and V. koreensis BH30097(T) (13%) and V. albus YIM 93624(T) (33%). 25062698 12 67 theme B6B 1639:1641 arg1 % 1708:1708 33% 1706:1708 33% 1706:1708 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed low levels of relatedness between strain B6B(T)and V. koreensis BH30097(T) (13%) and V. albus YIM 93624(T) (33%). 25062698 13 68 theme major 1716:1720 arg1 0 1777:1777 0 1777:1777 0 1777:1777 The major cellular fatty acid of strain B6B(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0 (75.1%) and its polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. 25062698 13 68 theme major 1716:1720 arg1 acid 1737:1740 The major cellular fatty acid 1712:1740 The major cellular fatty acid of strain B6B(T) 1712:1757 The major cellular fatty acid of strain B6B(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0 (75.1%) and its polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. 25062698 17 69 theme related 2307:2313 arg1 genera 2315:2320 other related genera 2301:2320 other related genera 2301:2320 It is closely related to V. koreensis and V. albus, but with features that clearly distinguish it from species of the genus Virgibacillus or of other related genera. 25062698 9 70 theme Sediminibacillus 1172:1187 arg1 T 1201:1201 T 1201:1201 T 1201:1201 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 70 theme Sediminibacillus 1172:1187 arg1 NHBX5 1195:1199 Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5 1172:1199 Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%) 1172:1210 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 70 theme Sediminibacillus 1172:1187 arg1 % 1209:1209 96.6% 1205:1209 96.6% 1205:1209 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 4 71 theme Iranian 368:374 arg1 Aran-Bidgol 394:404 Aran-Bidgol 394:404 Aran-Bidgol 394:404 A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain B6B(T), was isolated from the water of an Iranian hypersaline lake, Aran-Bidgol, and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. 25062698 4 71 theme Iranian 368:374 arg1 lake 388:391 an Iranian hypersaline lake 365:391 an Iranian hypersaline lake 365:391 A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain B6B(T), was isolated from the water of an Iranian hypersaline lake, Aran-Bidgol, and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. 25062698 15 72 theme meso-diaminopimelic 2008:2026 arg1 acid 2028:2031 meso-diaminopimelic acid 2008:2031 meso-diaminopimelic acid 2008:2031 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25062698 15 72 theme meso-diaminopimelic 2008:2026 arg1 acid 2059:2062 the diagnostic diamino acid 2036:2062 the diagnostic diamino acid 2036:2062 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25062698 4 73 theme lake 388:391 arg1 water 356:360 the water 352:360 the water of an Iranian hypersaline lake, Aran-Bidgol, 352:405 A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain B6B(T), was isolated from the water of an Iranian hypersaline lake, Aran-Bidgol, and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. 25062698 5 74 from positions 563:571 arg1 sporangia 588:596 non-swollen sporangia 576:596 non-swollen sporangia 576:596 Cells of strain B6B(T) were rod-shaped, motile and produced ellipsoidal endospores in terminal positions in non-swollen sporangia. 25062698 9 75 theme koreensis 1055:1063 arg1 % 1081:1081 97.5% 1077:1081 97.5% 1077:1081 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 75 theme koreensis 1055:1063 arg1 93624 1109:1113 Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624 1085:1113 Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%) 1085:1124 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 75 theme koreensis 1055:1063 arg1 BH30097 1065:1071 koreensis BH30097 1055:1071 koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%) 1055:1082 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 75 theme koreensis 1055:1063 arg1 Firmicutes 966:975 the phylum Firmicutes 955:975 the phylum Firmicutes 955:975 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 75 theme koreensis 1055:1063 arg1 T 1073:1073 T 1073:1073 T 1073:1073 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 75 theme koreensis 1055:1063 arg1 EN8d 1155:1158 Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d 1127:1158 Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%) 1127:1169 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 5 76 theme strain 477:482 arg1 T 488:488 T 488:488 T 488:488 Cells of strain B6B(T) were rod-shaped, motile and produced ellipsoidal endospores in terminal positions in non-swollen sporangia. 25062698 5 76 theme strain 477:482 arg1 B6B 484:486 strain B6B 477:486 strain B6B(T) 477:489 Cells of strain B6B(T) were rod-shaped, motile and produced ellipsoidal endospores in terminal positions in non-swollen sporangia. 25062698 1 77 theme Aquibacillus 155:166 arg1 comb 178:181 Aquibacillus koreensis comb 155:181 Aquibacillus koreensis comb 155:181 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a hypersaline lake, and reclassification of Virgibacillus koreensis as Aquibacillus koreensis comb. 25062698 24 78 theme Aquibacillus 2882:2893 arg1 comb 2901:2904 Aquibacillus albus comb 2882:2904 Aquibacillus albus comb 2882:2904 nov. is BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) and the type strain of Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 7 79 theme 10.0 786:789 arg1 % 790:790 % 790:790 % 790:790 The strain was able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0.5-20.0% (w/v), with optimum growth occurring at 10.0% (w/v) NaCl. 25062698 13 80 theme lipid 1801:1805 arg1 pattern 1807:1813 its polar lipid pattern 1791:1813 its polar lipid pattern 1791:1813 The major cellular fatty acid of strain B6B(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0 (75.1%) and its polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. 25062698 24 81 theme comb 2901:2904 arg1 strain 2872:2877 the type strain 2863:2877 the type strain of Aquibacillus albus comb 2863:2904 nov. is BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) and the type strain of Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 24 81 theme comb 2901:2904 arg1 T 2808:2808 T 2808:2808 T 2808:2808 nov. is BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) and the type strain of Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 24 81 theme comb 2901:2904 arg1 T 2855:2855  =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T) 2812:2856  =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T) 2812:2856 nov. is BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) and the type strain of Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 24 81 theme comb 2901:2904 arg1 BH30097 2800:2806 BH30097 2800:2806 BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) 2800:2857 nov. is BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) and the type strain of Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 12 82 theme low 1598:1600 arg1 levels 1602:1607 low levels 1598:1607 low levels of relatedness between strain B6B(T)and V. koreensis BH30097(T) (13%) and V. albus YIM 93624(T) (33%) 1598:1709 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed low levels of relatedness between strain B6B(T)and V. koreensis BH30097(T) (13%) and V. albus YIM 93624(T) (33%). 25062698 4 83 dep Gram-stain-positive 254:272 arg1 halophilic 286:295 halophilic 286:295 halophilic 286:295 A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain B6B(T), was isolated from the water of an Iranian hypersaline lake, Aran-Bidgol, and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. 25062698 25 84 theme  =DSM 2929:2933 arg1 T 2972:2972 T 2972:2972 T 2972:2972 nov. is YIM 93624(T) ( =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T)). 25062698 25 84 theme  =DSM 2929:2933 arg1 17364 2966:2970  =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364 2929:2970  =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T) 2929:2973 nov. is YIM 93624(T) ( =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T)). 25062698 7 85 theme optimum 758:764 arg1 growth 766:771 optimum growth 758:771 optimum growth occurring at 10.0% (w/v) NaCl 758:801 The strain was able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0.5-20.0% (w/v), with optimum growth occurring at 10.0% (w/v) NaCl. 25062698 24 86 theme T 2824:2824 arg1 T 2855:2855  =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T) 2812:2856  =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T) 2812:2856 nov. is BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) and the type strain of Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 24 86 theme T 2824:2824 arg1 BH30097 2800:2806 BH30097 2800:2806 BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) 2800:2857 nov. is BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) and the type strain of Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 9 87 theme 16S 885:887 arg1 analysis 908:915 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 885:915 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 885:915 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 2 88 theme Aquibacillus 216:227 arg1 comb 235:238 Aquibacillus albus comb 216:238 Aquibacillus albus comb 216:238 nov. and Virgibacillus albus as Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 24 89 theme  =IBRC-M 2826:2833 arg1 T 2855:2855  =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T) 2812:2856  =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T) 2812:2856 nov. is BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) and the type strain of Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 24 89 theme  =IBRC-M 2826:2833 arg1 BH30097 2800:2806 BH30097 2800:2806 BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) 2800:2857 nov. is BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) and the type strain of Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 12 90 theme DNA-DNA 1555:1561 arg1 experiments 1577:1587 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1555:1587 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments 1555:1587 DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed low levels of relatedness between strain B6B(T)and V. koreensis BH30097(T) (13%) and V. albus YIM 93624(T) (33%). 25062698 9 91 dep Paraliobacillus 1264:1278 arg1 quinghaiensis 1280:1292 quinghaiensis 1280:1292 quinghaiensis 1280:1292 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 92 theme gene 894:897 arg1 analysis 908:915 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 885:915 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 885:915 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 93 theme Virgibacillus 1085:1097 arg1 T 1115:1115 T 1115:1115 T 1115:1115 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 93 theme Virgibacillus 1085:1097 arg1 93624 1109:1113 Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624 1085:1113 Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%) 1085:1124 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 93 theme Virgibacillus 1085:1097 arg1 % 1123:1123 97.4% 1119:1123 97.4% 1119:1123 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 93 theme Virgibacillus 1085:1097 arg1 BH30097 1065:1071 koreensis BH30097 1055:1071 koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%) 1055:1082 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 18 94 theme new 2435:2437 arg1 genus 2439:2443 a new genus 2433:2443 a new genus 2433:2443 On the basis of the polyphasic evidence derived in this study, we propose that strain B6B(T) be placed within a new genus, as Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 25062698 7 95 with able 697:700 arg1 growth 766:771 optimum growth 758:771 optimum growth occurring at 10.0% (w/v) NaCl 758:801 The strain was able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0.5-20.0% (w/v), with optimum growth occurring at 10.0% (w/v) NaCl. 25062698 9 96 theme analysis 908:915 arg1 basis 876:880 the basis 872:880 the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis 872:915 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 97 theme YIM 1105:1107 arg1 T 1115:1115 T 1115:1115 T 1115:1115 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 97 theme YIM 1105:1107 arg1 93624 1109:1113 Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624 1085:1113 Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%) 1085:1124 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 97 theme YIM 1105:1107 arg1 % 1123:1123 97.4% 1119:1123 97.4% 1119:1123 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 97 theme YIM 1105:1107 arg1 BH30097 1065:1071 koreensis BH30097 1055:1071 koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%) 1055:1082 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 18 98 theme gen. 2473:2476 arg1 sp 2484:2485 sp 2484:2485 sp 2484:2485 On the basis of the polyphasic evidence derived in this study, we propose that strain B6B(T) be placed within a new genus, as Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 25062698 18 98 theme gen. 2473:2476 arg1 nov. 2478:2481 Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 2449:2481 Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 2449:2481 On the basis of the polyphasic evidence derived in this study, we propose that strain B6B(T) be placed within a new genus, as Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 25062698 18 98 theme gen. 2473:2476 arg1 B6B 2409:2411 strain B6B 2402:2411 strain B6B(T) 2402:2414 On the basis of the polyphasic evidence derived in this study, we propose that strain B6B(T) be placed within a new genus, as Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 25062698 24 99 theme albus 2895:2899 arg1 comb 2901:2904 Aquibacillus albus comb 2882:2904 Aquibacillus albus comb 2882:2904 nov. is BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) and the type strain of Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 25 100 theme T 2958:2958 arg1 T 2972:2972 T 2972:2972 T 2972:2972 nov. is YIM 93624(T) ( =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T)). 25062698 25 100 theme T 2958:2958 arg1 17364 2966:2970  =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364 2929:2970  =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T) 2929:2973 nov. is YIM 93624(T) ( =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T)). 25062698 9 101 theme strain 918:923 arg1 B6B 925:927 strain B6B 918:927 strain B6B(T) 918:930 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 101 theme strain 918:923 arg1 T 929:929 T 929:929 T 929:929 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 1 102 theme koreensis 142:150 arg1 reclassification 108:123 reclassification 108:123 reclassification of Virgibacillus koreensis as Aquibacillus koreensis comb 108:181 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a hypersaline lake, and reclassification of Virgibacillus koreensis as Aquibacillus koreensis comb. 25062698 1 102 theme koreensis 142:150 arg1 bacterium 69:77 a moderately halophilic bacterium 45:77 a moderately halophilic bacterium from a hypersaline lake 45:101 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a hypersaline lake, and reclassification of Virgibacillus koreensis as Aquibacillus koreensis comb. 25062698 1 102 theme koreensis 142:150 arg1 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov. 39:42 nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a hypersaline lake, and reclassification of Virgibacillus koreensis as Aquibacillus koreensis comb. 25062698 4 103 attach isolated 338:345 arg1 water 356:360 the water 352:360 the water of an Iranian hypersaline lake, Aran-Bidgol, 352:405 A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain B6B(T), was isolated from the water of an Iranian hypersaline lake, Aran-Bidgol, and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. 25062698 4 103 attach isolated 338:345 arg2 bacterium 297:305 A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium 246:305 A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium 246:305 A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain B6B(T), was isolated from the water of an Iranian hypersaline lake, Aran-Bidgol, and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. 25062698 15 104 contain contained 1998:2006 arg2 acid 2059:2062 the diagnostic diamino acid 2036:2062 the diagnostic diamino acid 2036:2062 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25062698 15 104 contain contained 1998:2006 arg2 acid 2028:2031 meso-diaminopimelic acid 2008:2031 meso-diaminopimelic acid 2008:2031 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25062698 15 104 contain contained 1998:2006 arg1 peptidoglycan 1984:1996 The peptidoglycan 1980:1996 The peptidoglycan 1980:1996 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25062698 25 105 theme  =JCM 2960:2964 arg1 T 2972:2972 T 2972:2972 T 2972:2972 nov. is YIM 93624(T) ( =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T)). 25062698 25 105 theme  =JCM 2960:2964 arg1 17364 2966:2970  =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364 2929:2970  =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T) 2929:2973 nov. is YIM 93624(T) ( =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T)). 25062698 6 106 theme Strain 599:604 arg1 B6B 606:608 Strain B6B 599:608 Strain B6B(T) 599:611 Strain B6B(T) was a strictly aerobic bacterium and catalase- and oxidase-positive. 25062698 6 106 theme Strain 599:604 arg1 bacterium 636:644 a strictly aerobic bacterium 617:644 a strictly aerobic bacterium and catalase- and oxidase-positive 617:679 Strain B6B(T) was a strictly aerobic bacterium and catalase- and oxidase-positive. 25062698 6 106 theme Strain 599:604 arg1 T 610:610 T 610:610 T 610:610 Strain B6B(T) was a strictly aerobic bacterium and catalase- and oxidase-positive. 25062698 20 107 theme new 2638:2640 arg1 genus 2642:2646 this new genus 2633:2646 this new genus 2633:2646 We also propose that V. koreensis and V. albus should be transferred to this new genus and be named Aquibacillus koreensis comb. 25062698 24 108 theme  =KCTC 2812:2817 arg1 T 2855:2855  =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T) 2812:2856  =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T) 2812:2856 nov. is BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) and the type strain of Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 24 108 theme  =KCTC 2812:2817 arg1 BH30097 2800:2806 BH30097 2800:2806 BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) 2800:2857 nov. is BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) and the type strain of Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 19 109 theme type 2513:2516 arg1 strain 2518:2523 the type strain 2509:2523 the type strain ( =IBRC-M 10775(T) =KCTC 13828(T)) 2509:2558 nov., with B6B(T) as the type strain ( =IBRC-M 10775(T) =KCTC 13828(T)). 25062698 19 110 theme  =IBRC-M 2526:2533 arg1 T 2556:2556 T 2556:2556 T 2556:2556 nov., with B6B(T) as the type strain ( =IBRC-M 10775(T) =KCTC 13828(T)). 25062698 19 110 theme  =IBRC-M 2526:2533 arg1 13828 2550:2554  =IBRC-M 10775(T) =KCTC 13828 2526:2554  =IBRC-M 10775(T) =KCTC 13828(T) 2526:2557 nov., with B6B(T) as the type strain ( =IBRC-M 10775(T) =KCTC 13828(T)). 25062698 11 111 theme novel 1526:1530 arg1 isolate 1532:1538 the novel isolate 1522:1538 the novel isolate 1522:1538 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate was 35.8 mol%. 25062698 0 112 theme halophilus 13:22 arg1 nov. 29:32 Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 0:32 Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 0:32 Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 25062698 23 113 theme koreensis 2776:2784 arg1 comb 2786:2789 Aquibacillus koreensis comb 2763:2789 Aquibacillus koreensis comb 2763:2789 The type strain of Aquibacillus koreensis comb. 25062698 24 114 theme T 2841:2841 arg1 T 2855:2855  =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T) 2812:2856  =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T) 2812:2856 nov. is BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) and the type strain of Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 24 114 theme T 2841:2841 arg1 BH30097 2800:2806 BH30097 2800:2806 BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) 2800:2857 nov. is BH30097(T) ( =KCTC 3823(T) =IBRC-M 10657(T) =JCM 12387(T)) and the type strain of Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 19 115 with nov. 2488:2491 arg1 T 2503:2503 T 2503:2503 T 2503:2503 nov., with B6B(T) as the type strain ( =IBRC-M 10775(T) =KCTC 13828(T)). 25062698 19 115 with nov. 2488:2491 arg1 B6B 2499:2501 B6B 2499:2501 B6B(T) as the type strain ( =IBRC-M 10775(T) =KCTC 13828(T)) 2499:2558 nov., with B6B(T) as the type strain ( =IBRC-M 10775(T) =KCTC 13828(T)). 25062698 19 116 dep strain 2518:2523 arg1 T 2556:2556 T 2556:2556 T 2556:2556 nov., with B6B(T) as the type strain ( =IBRC-M 10775(T) =KCTC 13828(T)). 25062698 19 116 dep strain 2518:2523 arg1 13828 2550:2554  =IBRC-M 10775(T) =KCTC 13828 2526:2554  =IBRC-M 10775(T) =KCTC 13828(T) 2526:2557 nov., with B6B(T) as the type strain ( =IBRC-M 10775(T) =KCTC 13828(T)). 25062698 10 117 theme Phylogenetic 1329:1340 arg1 analysis 1342:1349 Phylogenetic analysis 1329:1349 Phylogenetic analysis 1329:1349 Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain B6B(T), along with V. koreensis BH30097(T) and V. albus YIM 93624(T), clustered in a separate clade in the family Bacillaceae. 25062698 9 118 theme Sediminibacillus 1127:1142 arg1 T 1160:1160 T 1160:1160 T 1160:1160 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 118 theme Sediminibacillus 1127:1142 arg1 EN8d 1155:1158 Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d 1127:1158 Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%) 1127:1169 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 118 theme Sediminibacillus 1127:1142 arg1 % 1168:1168 96.8% 1164:1168 96.8% 1164:1168 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 118 theme Sediminibacillus 1127:1142 arg1 BH30097 1065:1071 koreensis BH30097 1055:1071 koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%) 1055:1082 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 5 119 theme terminal 554:561 arg1 positions 563:571 terminal positions 554:571 terminal positions in non-swollen sporangia 554:596 Cells of strain B6B(T) were rod-shaped, motile and produced ellipsoidal endospores in terminal positions in non-swollen sporangia. 25062698 4 120 theme novel 248:252 arg1 bacterium 297:305 A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium 246:305 A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium 246:305 A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain B6B(T), was isolated from the water of an Iranian hypersaline lake, Aran-Bidgol, and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. 25062698 21 121 theme Aquibacillus 2699:2710 arg1 albus 2712:2716 Aquibacillus albus 2699:2716 Aquibacillus albus 2699:2716 nov. and Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 10 122 dep along 1380:1384 arg1 with 1386:1389 with 1386:1389 with 1386:1389 Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain B6B(T), along with V. koreensis BH30097(T) and V. albus YIM 93624(T), clustered in a separate clade in the family Bacillaceae. 25062698 6 123 theme aerobic 628:634 arg1 bacterium 636:644 a strictly aerobic bacterium 617:644 a strictly aerobic bacterium and catalase- and oxidase-positive 617:679 Strain B6B(T) was a strictly aerobic bacterium and catalase- and oxidase-positive. 25062698 6 123 theme aerobic 628:634 arg1 B6B 606:608 Strain B6B 599:608 Strain B6B(T) 599:611 Strain B6B(T) was a strictly aerobic bacterium and catalase- and oxidase-positive. 25062698 11 124 theme mol 1549:1551 arg1 % 1552:1552 35.8 mol% 1544:1552 35.8 mol% 1544:1552 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate was 35.8 mol%. 25062698 11 124 theme mol 1549:1551 arg1 content 1511:1517 The DNA G+C content 1499:1517 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate 1499:1538 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate was 35.8 mol%. 25062698 13 125 theme B6B 1752:1754 arg1 0 1777:1777 0 1777:1777 0 1777:1777 The major cellular fatty acid of strain B6B(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0 (75.1%) and its polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. 25062698 13 125 theme B6B 1752:1754 arg1 acid 1737:1740 The major cellular fatty acid 1712:1740 The major cellular fatty acid of strain B6B(T) 1712:1757 The major cellular fatty acid of strain B6B(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0 (75.1%) and its polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. 25062698 23 126 theme type 2748:2751 arg1 strain 2753:2758 The type strain 2744:2758 The type strain of Aquibacillus koreensis comb. 2744:2790 The type strain of Aquibacillus koreensis comb. 25062698 15 127 theme diagnostic 2040:2049 arg1 acid 2028:2031 meso-diaminopimelic acid 2008:2031 meso-diaminopimelic acid 2008:2031 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25062698 15 127 theme diagnostic 2040:2049 arg1 acid 2059:2062 the diagnostic diamino acid 2036:2062 the diagnostic diamino acid 2036:2062 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25062698 9 128 with NHBX5 1195:1199 arg1 species 1033:1039 the species 1029:1039 the species 1029:1039 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 10 129 theme strain 1365:1370 arg1 B6B 1372:1374 strain B6B 1365:1374 strain B6B(T) 1365:1377 Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain B6B(T), along with V. koreensis BH30097(T) and V. albus YIM 93624(T), clustered in a separate clade in the family Bacillaceae. 25062698 10 129 theme strain 1365:1370 arg1 T 1376:1376 T 1376:1376 T 1376:1376 Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain B6B(T), along with V. koreensis BH30097(T) and V. albus YIM 93624(T), clustered in a separate clade in the family Bacillaceae. 25062698 7 130 theme % 744:744 arg1 concentrations 718:731 NaCl concentrations 713:731 NaCl concentrations of 0.5-20.0% (w/v) 713:750 The strain was able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0.5-20.0% (w/v), with optimum growth occurring at 10.0% (w/v) NaCl. 25062698 21 131 dep comb 2718:2721 arg1 nov. 2690:2693 nov. 2690:2693 nov. 2690:2693 nov. and Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 21 131 dep comb 2718:2721 arg1 albus 2712:2716 Aquibacillus albus 2699:2716 Aquibacillus albus 2699:2716 nov. and Aquibacillus albus comb. 25062698 0 132 dep sp 35:36 arg1 nov. 29:32 Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 0:32 Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov. 0:32 Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 25062698 16 133 theme isolate 2112:2118 arg1 B6B 2120:2122 isolate B6B 2112:2122 isolate B6B(T) 2112:2125 All of these features support the placement of isolate B6B(T) within the phylum Firmicutes. 25062698 16 133 theme isolate 2112:2118 arg1 T 2124:2124 T 2124:2124 T 2124:2124 All of these features support the placement of isolate B6B(T) within the phylum Firmicutes. 25062698 7 134 dep % 790:790 arg1 w/v 793:795 w/v 793:795 w/v 793:795 The strain was able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0.5-20.0% (w/v), with optimum growth occurring at 10.0% (w/v) NaCl. 25062698 17 135 theme genus 2275:2279 arg1 Virgibacillus 2281:2293 the genus Virgibacillus 2271:2293 the genus Virgibacillus 2271:2293 It is closely related to V. koreensis and V. albus, but with features that clearly distinguish it from species of the genus Virgibacillus or of other related genera. 25062698 15 136 theme diamino 2051:2057 arg1 acid 2028:2031 meso-diaminopimelic acid 2008:2031 meso-diaminopimelic acid 2008:2031 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25062698 15 136 theme diamino 2051:2057 arg1 acid 2059:2062 the diagnostic diamino acid 2036:2062 the diagnostic diamino acid 2036:2062 The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 25062698 13 137 theme fatty 1731:1735 arg1 0 1777:1777 0 1777:1777 0 1777:1777 The major cellular fatty acid of strain B6B(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0 (75.1%) and its polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. 25062698 13 137 theme fatty 1731:1735 arg1 acid 1737:1740 The major cellular fatty acid 1712:1740 The major cellular fatty acid of strain B6B(T) 1712:1757 The major cellular fatty acid of strain B6B(T) was anteiso-C15 : 0 (75.1%) and its polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. 25062698 9 138 theme Paraliobacillus 1264:1278 arg1 YIM-C158 1294:1301 Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158 1264:1301 Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%) 1264:1312 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 138 theme Paraliobacillus 1264:1278 arg1 % 1311:1311 96.0% 1307:1311 96.0% 1307:1311 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 138 theme Paraliobacillus 1264:1278 arg1 T 1303:1303 T 1303:1303 T 1303:1303 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 139 dep Virgibacillus 1213:1225 arg1 carmonensis 1227:1237 carmonensis 1227:1237 carmonensis 1227:1237 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 9 140 theme phylogenetic 993:1004 arg1 similarities 1006:1017 its closest phylogenetic similarities 981:1017 its closest phylogenetic similarities 981:1017 On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6B(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species Virgibacillus koreensis BH30097(T) (97.5%), Virgibacillus albus YIM 93624(T) (97.4%), Sediminibacillus halophilus EN8d(T) (96.8%), Sediminibacillus albus NHBX5(T) (96.6%), Virgibacillus carmonensis LMG 20964(T) (96.3%) and Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (96.0%), respectively. 25062698 17 141 theme other 2301:2305 arg1 genera 2315:2320 other related genera 2301:2320 other related genera 2301:2320 It is closely related to V. koreensis and V. albus, but with features that clearly distinguish it from species of the genus Virgibacillus or of other related genera. 25062698 7 142 theme NaCl 713:716 arg1 concentrations 718:731 NaCl concentrations 713:731 NaCl concentrations of 0.5-20.0% (w/v) 713:750 The strain was able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0.5-20.0% (w/v), with optimum growth occurring at 10.0% (w/v) NaCl. 25062698 4 143 theme strain 319:324 arg1 T 330:330 T 330:330 T 330:330 A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain B6B(T), was isolated from the water of an Iranian hypersaline lake, Aran-Bidgol, and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. 25062698 4 143 theme strain 319:324 arg1 B6B 326:328 strain B6B 319:328 strain B6B(T) 319:331 A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain B6B(T), was isolated from the water of an Iranian hypersaline lake, Aran-Bidgol, and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. 25062698 18 144 dep evidence 2354:2361 arg1 the 2326:2328 the 2326:2328 the 2326:2328 On the basis of the polyphasic evidence derived in this study, we propose that strain B6B(T) be placed within a new genus, as Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 25062698 18 144 dep evidence 2354:2361 arg1 basis 2330:2334 basis 2330:2334 basis 2330:2334 On the basis of the polyphasic evidence derived in this study, we propose that strain B6B(T) be placed within a new genus, as Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. 25062698 25 145 theme YIM 2915:2917 arg1 T 2925:2925 T 2925:2925 T 2925:2925 nov. is YIM 93624(T) ( =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T)). 25062698 25 145 theme YIM 2915:2917 arg1 93624 2919:2923 YIM 93624 2915:2923 YIM 93624(T) ( =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T)) 2915:2974 nov. is YIM 93624(T) ( =DSM 23711(T) =IBRC-M 10798(T) =JCM 17364(T)). 25062698 11 146 theme G+C 1507:1509 arg1 content 1511:1517 The DNA G+C content 1499:1517 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate 1499:1538 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate was 35.8 mol%. 25062698 11 146 theme G+C 1507:1509 arg1 % 1552:1552 35.8 mol% 1544:1552 35.8 mol% 1544:1552 The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate was 35.8 mol%. 26290732 7 0 dep pigs 960:963 arg1 either 930:935 either 930:935 either 930:935 The intron 20 of OGT from Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds was 281-bp longer than that from either KNP or Chinese Meishan pigs. 26290732 7 0 dep pigs 960:963 arg1 Chinese 944:950 Chinese 944:950 Chinese 944:950 The intron 20 of OGT from Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds was 281-bp longer than that from either KNP or Chinese Meishan pigs. 26290732 11 1 theme X 1582:1582 arg1 chromosome 1584:1593 the X chromosome 1578:1593 the X chromosome 1578:1593 This marker would be relevant in determining the breed of origin in crossbred pigs between KNP pigs with known genotypes and the Western pig breeds with BB genotypes, thus confirming the contribution of the X chromosome from each breed. 26290732 11 2 from breed 1605:1609 arg1 contribution 1562:1573 the contribution 1558:1573 the contribution of the X chromosome from each breed 1558:1609 This marker would be relevant in determining the breed of origin in crossbred pigs between KNP pigs with known genotypes and the Western pig breeds with BB genotypes, thus confirming the contribution of the X chromosome from each breed. 26290732 7 3 theme Yorkshire 880:888 arg1 breeds 890:895 Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds 859:895 Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds 859:895 The intron 20 of OGT from Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds was 281-bp longer than that from either KNP or Chinese Meishan pigs. 26290732 1 4 theme pig 128:130 arg1 KNP 133:135 The Korean native pig (KNP) 110:136 The Korean native pig (KNP) 110:136 BACKGROUND The Korean native pig (KNP) is generally thought to have come from northern China to the Korean peninsula approximately 2000 years ago. 26290732 0 5 from polymorphism 7:18 arg1 OGT 23:25 OGT 23:25 OGT 23:25 Length polymorphism in OGT between Korean native pig, Chinese Meishan, and the Western pig breeds. 26290732 11 6 theme pig 1512:1514 arg1 breeds 1516:1521 the Western pig breeds 1500:1521 the Western pig breeds with BB genotypes 1500:1539 This marker would be relevant in determining the breed of origin in crossbred pigs between KNP pigs with known genotypes and the Western pig breeds with BB genotypes, thus confirming the contribution of the X chromosome from each breed. 26290732 7 7 theme Landrace 866:873 arg1 breeds 890:895 Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds 859:895 Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds 859:895 The intron 20 of OGT from Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds was 281-bp longer than that from either KNP or Chinese Meishan pigs. 26290732 1 8 theme Korean 199:204 arg1 peninsula 206:214 the Korean peninsula 195:214 the Korean peninsula 195:214 BACKGROUND The Korean native pig (KNP) is generally thought to have come from northern China to the Korean peninsula approximately 2000 years ago. 26290732 11 9 theme crossbred 1443:1451 arg1 pigs 1453:1456 crossbred pigs 1443:1456 crossbred pigs between KNP pigs with known genotypes and the Western pig breeds with BB genotypes 1443:1539 This marker would be relevant in determining the breed of origin in crossbred pigs between KNP pigs with known genotypes and the Western pig breeds with BB genotypes, thus confirming the contribution of the X chromosome from each breed. 26290732 11 10 theme known 1480:1484 arg1 genotypes 1486:1494 known genotypes 1480:1494 known genotypes 1480:1494 This marker would be relevant in determining the breed of origin in crossbred pigs between KNP pigs with known genotypes and the Western pig breeds with BB genotypes, thus confirming the contribution of the X chromosome from each breed. 26290732 2 11 from brink 267:271 arg1 1980s 294:298 the 1980s 290:298 the 1980s 290:298 KNP pigs were at the brink of extinction in the 1980s, since then efforts have been made to restore the breed by bringing together the remaining stocks in South Korea. 26290732 2 12 theme KNP 246:248 arg1 pigs 250:253 KNP pigs 246:253 KNP pigs 246:253 KNP pigs were at the brink of extinction in the 1980s, since then efforts have been made to restore the breed by bringing together the remaining stocks in South Korea. 26290732 11 13 with breeds 1516:1521 arg1 genotypes 1486:1494 known genotypes 1480:1494 known genotypes 1480:1494 This marker would be relevant in determining the breed of origin in crossbred pigs between KNP pigs with known genotypes and the Western pig breeds with BB genotypes, thus confirming the contribution of the X chromosome from each breed. 26290732 11 13 with breeds 1516:1521 arg1 genotypes 1531:1539 BB genotypes 1528:1539 BB genotypes 1528:1539 This marker would be relevant in determining the breed of origin in crossbred pigs between KNP pigs with known genotypes and the Western pig breeds with BB genotypes, thus confirming the contribution of the X chromosome from each breed. 26290732 4 14 theme breed-specific 485:498 arg1 markers 500:506 additional breed-specific markers 474:506 additional breed-specific markers that are distinct among pig breeds 474:541 To find additional breed-specific markers that are distinct among pig breeds, variations in O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) were investigated. 26290732 7 15 dep either 930:935 arg1 KNP 937:939 KNP 937:939 KNP 937:939 The intron 20 of OGT from Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds was 281-bp longer than that from either KNP or Chinese Meishan pigs. 26290732 7 16 theme Duroc 859:863 arg1 breeds 890:895 Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds 859:895 Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds 859:895 The intron 20 of OGT from Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds was 281-bp longer than that from either KNP or Chinese Meishan pigs. 26290732 11 17 theme origin 1433:1438 arg1 breed 1424:1428 the breed 1420:1428 the breed of origin in crossbred pigs between KNP pigs with known genotypes and the Western pig breeds with BB genotypes 1420:1539 This marker would be relevant in determining the breed of origin in crossbred pigs between KNP pigs with known genotypes and the Western pig breeds with BB genotypes, thus confirming the contribution of the X chromosome from each breed. 26290732 7 18 dep 281-bp 901:906 arg1 longer 908:913 longer 908:913 longer 908:913 The intron 20 of OGT from Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds was 281-bp longer than that from either KNP or Chinese Meishan pigs. 26290732 7 18 dep 281-bp 901:906 arg1 281-bp 901:906 281-bp 901:906 281-bp 901:906 The intron 20 of OGT from Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds was 281-bp longer than that from either KNP or Chinese Meishan pigs. 26290732 7 18 dep 281-bp 901:906 arg1 intron 837:842 intron 20 837:845 The intron 20 of OGT from Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds 833:895 The intron 20 of OGT from Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds was 281-bp longer than that from either KNP or Chinese Meishan pigs. 26290732 4 19 theme additional 474:483 arg1 markers 500:506 additional breed-specific markers 474:506 additional breed-specific markers that are distinct among pig breeds 474:541 To find additional breed-specific markers that are distinct among pig breeds, variations in O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) were investigated. 26290732 0 20 theme pig 87:89 arg1 breeds 91:96 the Western pig breeds 75:96 the Western pig breeds 75:96 Length polymorphism in OGT between Korean native pig, Chinese Meishan, and the Western pig breeds. 26290732 6 21 theme OGT 813:815 arg1 intron 800:805 intron 20 800:808 the intron 20 of OGT 796:815 FINDINGS Length polymorphism in the intron 20 of OGT was identified. 26290732 10 22 theme length 1301:1306 arg1 polymorphism 1308:1319 The length polymorphism 1297:1319 The length polymorphism 1297:1319 The length polymorphism suggests that the locus near OGT is not fixed in KNP. 26290732 7 23 from breeds 890:895 arg1 longer 908:913 longer 908:913 longer 908:913 The intron 20 of OGT from Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds was 281-bp longer than that from either KNP or Chinese Meishan pigs. 26290732 7 23 from breeds 890:895 arg1 281-bp 901:906 281-bp 901:906 281-bp 901:906 The intron 20 of OGT from Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds was 281-bp longer than that from either KNP or Chinese Meishan pigs. 26290732 7 23 from breeds 890:895 arg1 intron 837:842 intron 20 837:845 The intron 20 of OGT from Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds 833:895 The intron 20 of OGT from Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds was 281-bp longer than that from either KNP or Chinese Meishan pigs. 26290732 8 24 theme 276-bp 1087:1092 arg1 element 1094:1100 an inserted 276-bp element 1075:1100 an inserted 276-bp element 1075:1100 The difference between the Western pig breeds (BB genotype) and KNP or Meishan pigs (AA genotype) was due to an inserted 276-bp element and the 5-bp ACTTG. 26290732 0 25 theme Western 79:85 arg1 breeds 91:96 the Western pig breeds 75:96 the Western pig breeds 75:96 Length polymorphism in OGT between Korean native pig, Chinese Meishan, and the Western pig breeds. 26290732 11 26 theme KNP 1466:1468 arg1 pigs 1470:1473 KNP pigs 1466:1473 KNP pigs with known genotypes 1466:1494 This marker would be relevant in determining the breed of origin in crossbred pigs between KNP pigs with known genotypes and the Western pig breeds with BB genotypes, thus confirming the contribution of the X chromosome from each breed. 26290732 5 27 theme post-translational 673:690 arg1 addition 692:699 the post-translational addition 669:699 the post-translational addition of a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine to target proteins 669:761 OGT is located on chromosome X and catalyzes the post-translational addition of a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine to target proteins. 26290732 7 28 theme OGT 850:852 arg1 longer 908:913 longer 908:913 longer 908:913 The intron 20 of OGT from Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds was 281-bp longer than that from either KNP or Chinese Meishan pigs. 26290732 7 28 theme OGT 850:852 arg1 281-bp 901:906 281-bp 901:906 281-bp 901:906 The intron 20 of OGT from Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds was 281-bp longer than that from either KNP or Chinese Meishan pigs. 26290732 7 28 theme OGT 850:852 arg1 intron 837:842 intron 20 837:845 The intron 20 of OGT from Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds 833:895 The intron 20 of OGT from Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds was 281-bp longer than that from either KNP or Chinese Meishan pigs. 26290732 5 29 theme O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine 713:742 arg1 addition 692:699 the post-translational addition 669:699 the post-translational addition of a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine to target proteins 669:761 OGT is located on chromosome X and catalyzes the post-translational addition of a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine to target proteins. 26290732 8 30 theme inserted 1078:1085 arg1 element 1094:1100 an inserted 276-bp element 1075:1100 an inserted 276-bp element 1075:1100 The difference between the Western pig breeds (BB genotype) and KNP or Meishan pigs (AA genotype) was due to an inserted 276-bp element and the 5-bp ACTTG. 26290732 5 31 theme single 706:711 arg1 O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine 713:742 a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine 704:742 a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine 704:742 OGT is located on chromosome X and catalyzes the post-translational addition of a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine to target proteins. 26290732 2 32 from stocks 391:396 arg1 Korea 407:411 Korea 407:411 Korea 407:411 KNP pigs were at the brink of extinction in the 1980s, since then efforts have been made to restore the breed by bringing together the remaining stocks in South Korea. 26290732 4 33 from variations 544:553 arg1 OGT 600:602 OGT 600:602 OGT 600:602 To find additional breed-specific markers that are distinct among pig breeds, variations in O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) were investigated. 26290732 4 33 from variations 544:553 arg1 transferase 587:597 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 558:597 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 558:603 To find additional breed-specific markers that are distinct among pig breeds, variations in O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) were investigated. 26290732 4 34 theme N-acetylglucosamine 567:585 arg1 OGT 600:602 OGT 600:602 OGT 600:602 To find additional breed-specific markers that are distinct among pig breeds, variations in O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) were investigated. 26290732 4 34 theme N-acetylglucosamine 567:585 arg1 transferase 587:597 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 558:597 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 558:603 To find additional breed-specific markers that are distinct among pig breeds, variations in O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) were investigated. 26290732 0 35 theme Length 0:5 arg1 polymorphism 7:18 Length polymorphism 0:18 Length polymorphism in OGT between Korean native pig, Chinese Meishan, and the Western pig breeds. 0:97 Length polymorphism in OGT between Korean native pig, Chinese Meishan, and the Western pig breeds. 26290732 9 36 theme additional 1201:1210 arg1 polymorphism 1138:1149 The polymorphism 1134:1149 The polymorphism in OGT identified in this study 1134:1181 CONCLUSIONS The polymorphism in OGT identified in this study may be used as an additional marker for determining the breed of origin among Meishan and the Western pig breeds. 26290732 9 36 theme additional 1201:1210 arg1 marker 1212:1217 an additional marker 1198:1217 an additional marker for determining the breed of origin among Meishan and the Western pig breeds 1198:1294 CONCLUSIONS The polymorphism in OGT identified in this study may be used as an additional marker for determining the breed of origin among Meishan and the Western pig breeds. 26290732 6 37 from polymorphism 780:791 arg1 intron 800:805 intron 20 800:808 the intron 20 of OGT 796:815 FINDINGS Length polymorphism in the intron 20 of OGT was identified. 26290732 4 38 theme O-linked 558:565 arg1 OGT 600:602 OGT 600:602 OGT 600:602 To find additional breed-specific markers that are distinct among pig breeds, variations in O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) were investigated. 26290732 4 38 theme O-linked 558:565 arg1 transferase 587:597 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 558:597 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 558:603 To find additional breed-specific markers that are distinct among pig breeds, variations in O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) were investigated. 26290732 8 39 theme Meishan 1037:1043 arg1 genotype 1054:1061 AA genotype 1051:1061 AA genotype 1051:1061 The difference between the Western pig breeds (BB genotype) and KNP or Meishan pigs (AA genotype) was due to an inserted 276-bp element and the 5-bp ACTTG. 26290732 8 39 theme Meishan 1037:1043 arg1 pigs 1045:1048 KNP or Meishan pigs 1030:1048 pigs 1045:1048 The difference between the Western pig breeds (BB genotype) and KNP or Meishan pigs (AA genotype) was due to an inserted 276-bp element and the 5-bp ACTTG. 26290732 4 40 theme pig 532:534 arg1 breeds 536:541 pig breeds 532:541 pig breeds 532:541 To find additional breed-specific markers that are distinct among pig breeds, variations in O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) were investigated. 26290732 5 41 theme target 747:752 arg1 proteins 754:761 target proteins 747:761 target proteins 747:761 OGT is located on chromosome X and catalyzes the post-translational addition of a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine to target proteins. 26290732 9 42 dep CONCLUSIONS 1122:1132 arg1 used 1190:1193 used 1190:1193 may be used as an additional marker for determining the breed of origin among Meishan and the Western pig breeds 1183:1294 CONCLUSIONS The polymorphism in OGT identified in this study may be used as an additional marker for determining the breed of origin among Meishan and the Western pig breeds. 26290732 10 43 from fixed 1361:1365 arg1 KNP 1370:1372 KNP 1370:1372 KNP 1370:1372 The length polymorphism suggests that the locus near OGT is not fixed in KNP. 26290732 9 44 from polymorphism 1138:1149 arg1 OGT 1154:1156 OGT 1154:1156 OGT identified in this study 1154:1181 CONCLUSIONS The polymorphism in OGT identified in this study may be used as an additional marker for determining the breed of origin among Meishan and the Western pig breeds. 26290732 0 45 theme Korean 35:40 arg1 pig 49:51 Korean native pig 35:51 Korean native pig 35:51 Length polymorphism in OGT between Korean native pig, Chinese Meishan, and the Western pig breeds. 26290732 11 46 theme chromosome 1584:1593 arg1 contribution 1562:1573 the contribution 1558:1573 the contribution of the X chromosome from each breed 1558:1609 This marker would be relevant in determining the breed of origin in crossbred pigs between KNP pigs with known genotypes and the Western pig breeds with BB genotypes, thus confirming the contribution of the X chromosome from each breed. 26290732 11 47 theme Western 1504:1510 arg1 breeds 1516:1521 the Western pig breeds 1500:1521 the Western pig breeds with BB genotypes 1500:1539 This marker would be relevant in determining the breed of origin in crossbred pigs between KNP pigs with known genotypes and the Western pig breeds with BB genotypes, thus confirming the contribution of the X chromosome from each breed. 26290732 9 48 theme pig 1285:1287 arg1 breeds 1289:1294 the Western pig breeds 1273:1294 the Western pig breeds 1273:1294 CONCLUSIONS The polymorphism in OGT identified in this study may be used as an additional marker for determining the breed of origin among Meishan and the Western pig breeds. 26290732 7 49 theme Meishan 952:958 arg1 pigs 960:963 either KNP or Chinese Meishan pigs 930:963 either KNP or Chinese Meishan pigs 930:963 The intron 20 of OGT from Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds was 281-bp longer than that from either KNP or Chinese Meishan pigs. 26290732 10 50 from KNP 1370:1372 arg1 fixed 1361:1365 fixed 1361:1365 fixed 1361:1365 The length polymorphism suggests that the locus near OGT is not fixed in KNP. 26290732 10 50 from KNP 1370:1372 arg1 locus 1339:1343 the locus 1335:1343 the locus near OGT 1335:1352 The length polymorphism suggests that the locus near OGT is not fixed in KNP. 26290732 4 51 link O-linked 558:565 arg1 OGT 600:602 OGT 600:602 OGT 600:602 To find additional breed-specific markers that are distinct among pig breeds, variations in O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) were investigated. 26290732 4 51 link O-linked 558:565 arg1 transferase 587:597 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 558:597 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 558:603 To find additional breed-specific markers that are distinct among pig breeds, variations in O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) were investigated. 26290732 5 52 theme chromosome 642:651 arg1 X 653:653 chromosome X 642:653 chromosome X 642:653 OGT is located on chromosome X and catalyzes the post-translational addition of a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine to target proteins. 26290732 2 53 theme remaining 381:389 arg1 stocks 391:396 the remaining stocks 377:396 the remaining stocks in South Korea 377:411 KNP pigs were at the brink of extinction in the 1980s, since then efforts have been made to restore the breed by bringing together the remaining stocks in South Korea. 26290732 8 54 theme pig 1001:1003 arg1 breeds 1005:1010 the Western pig breeds 989:1010 the Western pig breeds (BB genotype) 989:1024 The difference between the Western pig breeds (BB genotype) and KNP or Meishan pigs (AA genotype) was due to an inserted 276-bp element and the 5-bp ACTTG. 26290732 8 54 theme pig 1001:1003 arg1 genotype 1016:1023 BB genotype 1013:1023 BB genotype 1013:1023 The difference between the Western pig breeds (BB genotype) and KNP or Meishan pigs (AA genotype) was due to an inserted 276-bp element and the 5-bp ACTTG. 26290732 0 55 theme native 42:47 arg1 pig 49:51 Korean native pig 35:51 Korean native pig 35:51 Length polymorphism in OGT between Korean native pig, Chinese Meishan, and the Western pig breeds. 26290732 9 56 used used 1190:1193 arg2 marker 1212:1217 an additional marker 1198:1217 an additional marker for determining the breed of origin among Meishan and the Western pig breeds 1198:1294 CONCLUSIONS The polymorphism in OGT identified in this study may be used as an additional marker for determining the breed of origin among Meishan and the Western pig breeds. 26290732 9 56 used used 1190:1193 arg2 polymorphism 1138:1149 The polymorphism 1134:1149 The polymorphism in OGT identified in this study 1134:1181 CONCLUSIONS The polymorphism in OGT identified in this study may be used as an additional marker for determining the breed of origin among Meishan and the Western pig breeds. 26290732 8 57 theme Western 993:999 arg1 breeds 1005:1010 the Western pig breeds 989:1010 the Western pig breeds (BB genotype) 989:1024 The difference between the Western pig breeds (BB genotype) and KNP or Meishan pigs (AA genotype) was due to an inserted 276-bp element and the 5-bp ACTTG. 26290732 8 57 theme Western 993:999 arg1 genotype 1016:1023 BB genotype 1013:1023 BB genotype 1013:1023 The difference between the Western pig breeds (BB genotype) and KNP or Meishan pigs (AA genotype) was due to an inserted 276-bp element and the 5-bp ACTTG. 26290732 6 58 theme Length 773:778 arg1 polymorphism 780:791 FINDINGS Length polymorphism 764:791 FINDINGS Length polymorphism in the intron 20 of OGT 764:815 FINDINGS Length polymorphism in the intron 20 of OGT was identified. 26290732 11 59 theme BB 1528:1529 arg1 genotypes 1531:1539 BB genotypes 1528:1539 BB genotypes 1528:1539 This marker would be relevant in determining the breed of origin in crossbred pigs between KNP pigs with known genotypes and the Western pig breeds with BB genotypes, thus confirming the contribution of the X chromosome from each breed. 26290732 2 60 theme extinction 276:285 arg1 brink 267:271 the brink 263:271 the brink of extinction in the 1980s 263:298 KNP pigs were at the brink of extinction in the 1980s, since then efforts have been made to restore the breed by bringing together the remaining stocks in South Korea. 26290732 8 61 theme AA 1051:1052 arg1 genotype 1054:1061 AA genotype 1051:1061 AA genotype 1051:1061 The difference between the Western pig breeds (BB genotype) and KNP or Meishan pigs (AA genotype) was due to an inserted 276-bp element and the 5-bp ACTTG. 26290732 8 61 theme AA 1051:1052 arg1 pigs 1045:1048 KNP or Meishan pigs 1030:1048 pigs 1045:1048 The difference between the Western pig breeds (BB genotype) and KNP or Meishan pigs (AA genotype) was due to an inserted 276-bp element and the 5-bp ACTTG. 26290732 6 62 theme FINDINGS 764:771 arg1 polymorphism 780:791 FINDINGS Length polymorphism 764:791 FINDINGS Length polymorphism in the intron 20 of OGT 764:815 FINDINGS Length polymorphism in the intron 20 of OGT was identified. 26290732 11 63 with pigs 1470:1473 arg1 genotypes 1486:1494 known genotypes 1480:1494 known genotypes 1480:1494 This marker would be relevant in determining the breed of origin in crossbred pigs between KNP pigs with known genotypes and the Western pig breeds with BB genotypes, thus confirming the contribution of the X chromosome from each breed. 26290732 11 63 with pigs 1470:1473 arg1 genotypes 1531:1539 BB genotypes 1528:1539 BB genotypes 1528:1539 This marker would be relevant in determining the breed of origin in crossbred pigs between KNP pigs with known genotypes and the Western pig breeds with BB genotypes, thus confirming the contribution of the X chromosome from each breed. 26290732 9 64 theme origin 1248:1253 arg1 breed 1239:1243 the breed 1235:1243 the breed of origin among Meishan 1235:1267 CONCLUSIONS The polymorphism in OGT identified in this study may be used as an additional marker for determining the breed of origin among Meishan and the Western pig breeds. 26290732 9 64 theme origin 1248:1253 arg1 breeds 1289:1294 the Western pig breeds 1273:1294 the Western pig breeds 1273:1294 CONCLUSIONS The polymorphism in OGT identified in this study may be used as an additional marker for determining the breed of origin among Meishan and the Western pig breeds. 26290732 1 65 dep BACKGROUND 99:108 arg1 thought 151:157 thought 151:157 is generally thought to have come from northern China to the Korean peninsula approximately 2000 years ago 138:243 BACKGROUND The Korean native pig (KNP) is generally thought to have come from northern China to the Korean peninsula approximately 2000 years ago. 26290732 5 66 located located 631:637 arg2 OGT 624:626 OGT 624:626 OGT 624:626 OGT is located on chromosome X and catalyzes the post-translational addition of a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine to target proteins. 26290732 5 66 located located 631:637 arg1 X 653:653 chromosome X 642:653 chromosome X 642:653 OGT is located on chromosome X and catalyzes the post-translational addition of a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine to target proteins. 26290732 9 67 theme Western 1277:1283 arg1 breeds 1289:1294 the Western pig breeds 1273:1294 the Western pig breeds 1273:1294 CONCLUSIONS The polymorphism in OGT identified in this study may be used as an additional marker for determining the breed of origin among Meishan and the Western pig breeds. 26290732 1 68 theme northern 177:184 arg1 China 186:190 northern China 177:190 northern China to the Korean peninsula 177:214 BACKGROUND The Korean native pig (KNP) is generally thought to have come from northern China to the Korean peninsula approximately 2000 years ago. 26290732 0 69 theme Chinese 54:60 arg1 Meishan 62:68 Chinese Meishan 54:68 Chinese Meishan 54:68 Length polymorphism in OGT between Korean native pig, Chinese Meishan, and the Western pig breeds. 26290732 8 70 theme 5-bp 1110:1113 arg1 ACTTG 1115:1119 the 5-bp ACTTG 1106:1119 the 5-bp ACTTG 1106:1119 The difference between the Western pig breeds (BB genotype) and KNP or Meishan pigs (AA genotype) was due to an inserted 276-bp element and the 5-bp ACTTG. 26290732 1 71 theme Korean 114:119 arg1 KNP 133:135 The Korean native pig (KNP) 110:136 The Korean native pig (KNP) 110:136 BACKGROUND The Korean native pig (KNP) is generally thought to have come from northern China to the Korean peninsula approximately 2000 years ago. 26290732 11 72 from breed 1424:1428 arg1 pigs 1453:1456 crossbred pigs 1443:1456 crossbred pigs between KNP pigs with known genotypes and the Western pig breeds with BB genotypes 1443:1539 This marker would be relevant in determining the breed of origin in crossbred pigs between KNP pigs with known genotypes and the Western pig breeds with BB genotypes, thus confirming the contribution of the X chromosome from each breed. 26290732 1 73 theme native 121:126 arg1 KNP 133:135 The Korean native pig (KNP) 110:136 The Korean native pig (KNP) 110:136 BACKGROUND The Korean native pig (KNP) is generally thought to have come from northern China to the Korean peninsula approximately 2000 years ago. 26290732 8 74 theme KNP 1030:1032 arg1 genotype 1054:1061 AA genotype 1051:1061 AA genotype 1051:1061 The difference between the Western pig breeds (BB genotype) and KNP or Meishan pigs (AA genotype) was due to an inserted 276-bp element and the 5-bp ACTTG. 26290732 8 74 theme KNP 1030:1032 arg1 pigs 1045:1048 KNP or Meishan pigs 1030:1048 pigs 1045:1048 The difference between the Western pig breeds (BB genotype) and KNP or Meishan pigs (AA genotype) was due to an inserted 276-bp element and the 5-bp ACTTG. 27014284 4 0 theme targeted 878:885 arg1 modification 892:903 efficient targeted gene modification 868:903 efficient targeted gene modification 868:903 Advantages for genetic studies include methods for efficient targeted gene modification and extensive genomic resources. 27014284 7 1 theme cell 1288:1291 arg1 walls 1293:1297 the cell walls 1284:1297 the cell walls of regenerating protoplasts and protonemal cells that developed on media of high osmolarity 1284:1389 Crystalline cellulose was abundant in the cell walls of regenerating protoplasts and protonemal cells that developed on media of high osmolarity, whereas homogalactuonan was detected in the walls of protonemal cells that developed on low osmolarity media and not in regenerating protoplasts. 27014284 9 2 with consistent 1689:1698 arg1 heterogneity 1716:1727 structural heterogneity 1705:1727 structural heterogneity 1705:1727 Arabinogalactan proteins were detected in different cell types by different probes, consistent with structural heterogneity. 27014284 3 3 theme tip 685:687 arg1 growth 689:694 tip growth 685:694 tip growth 685:694 The model moss species Physcomitrella patens has a predominantly haploid lifecycle consisting of protonemal filaments that regenerate from protoplasts and enlarge by tip growth, and leafy gametophores composed of cells that enlarge by diffuse growth and differentiate into several different types. 27014284 10 4 theme cell 1801:1804 arg1 composition 1811:1821 cell wall composition 1801:1821 cell wall composition 1801:1821 The results reveal developmental and cell type specific differences in cell wall composition and provide a basis for analyzing cell wall phenotypes in knockout mutants. 27014284 7 5 from walls 1293:1297 arg1 abundant 1272:1279 abundant 1272:1279 abundant 1272:1279 Crystalline cellulose was abundant in the cell walls of regenerating protoplasts and protonemal cells that developed on media of high osmolarity, whereas homogalactuonan was detected in the walls of protonemal cells that developed on low osmolarity media and not in regenerating protoplasts. 27014284 6 6 theme flow 1230:1233 arg1 cytometry 1235:1243 flow cytometry 1230:1243 flow cytometry 1230:1243 The cell wall composition of regenerated protoplasts was also characterized by flow cytometry. 27014284 3 7 theme model 523:527 arg1 species 534:540 The model moss species 519:540 The model moss species Physcomitrella patens 519:562 The model moss species Physcomitrella patens has a predominantly haploid lifecycle consisting of protonemal filaments that regenerate from protoplasts and enlarge by tip growth, and leafy gametophores composed of cells that enlarge by diffuse growth and differentiate into several different types. 27014284 7 8 theme regenerating 1512:1523 arg1 protoplasts 1525:1535 regenerating protoplasts 1512:1535 regenerating protoplasts 1512:1535 Crystalline cellulose was abundant in the cell walls of regenerating protoplasts and protonemal cells that developed on media of high osmolarity, whereas homogalactuonan was detected in the walls of protonemal cells that developed on low osmolarity media and not in regenerating protoplasts. 27014284 10 9 from differences 1786:1796 arg1 composition 1811:1821 cell wall composition 1801:1821 cell wall composition 1801:1821 The results reveal developmental and cell type specific differences in cell wall composition and provide a basis for analyzing cell wall phenotypes in knockout mutants. 27014284 2 10 theme structure 262:270 arg1 understanding 241:253 A detailed understanding 230:253 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls 230:319 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection for different survival strategies. 27014284 1 11 theme poikilohydric 162:174 arg1 strategy 176:183 a poikilohydric strategy 160:183 a poikilohydric strategy for surviving in the dry aerial environment 160:227 In contrast to homeohydric vascular plants, mosses employ a poikilohydric strategy for surviving in the dry aerial environment. 27014284 10 12 theme wall 1862:1865 arg1 phenotypes 1867:1876 cell wall phenotypes 1857:1876 cell wall phenotypes in knockout mutants 1857:1896 The results reveal developmental and cell type specific differences in cell wall composition and provide a basis for analyzing cell wall phenotypes in knockout mutants. 27014284 7 13 theme protonemal 1445:1454 arg1 cells 1456:1460 protonemal cells 1445:1460 protonemal cells that developed on low osmolarity media 1445:1499 Crystalline cellulose was abundant in the cell walls of regenerating protoplasts and protonemal cells that developed on media of high osmolarity, whereas homogalactuonan was detected in the walls of protonemal cells that developed on low osmolarity media and not in regenerating protoplasts. 27014284 3 14 theme protonemal 616:625 arg1 filaments 627:635 protonemal filaments 616:635 protonemal filaments that regenerate from protoplasts and enlarge by tip growth 616:694 The model moss species Physcomitrella patens has a predominantly haploid lifecycle consisting of protonemal filaments that regenerate from protoplasts and enlarge by tip growth, and leafy gametophores composed of cells that enlarge by diffuse growth and differentiate into several different types. 27014284 5 15 theme sectioned 1114:1122 arg1 gametophores 1124:1135 sectioned gametophores 1114:1135 sectioned gametophores of P. patens 1114:1148 Immuno and affinity cytochemical labeling were used to examine the distribution of polysaccharides and proteins in regenerated protoplasts, protonemal filaments, rhizoids, and sectioned gametophores of P. patens. 27014284 3 16 theme haploid 584:590 arg1 lifecycle 592:600 a predominantly haploid lifecycle 568:600 a predominantly haploid lifecycle consisting of protonemal filaments that regenerate from protoplasts and enlarge by tip growth 568:694 The model moss species Physcomitrella patens has a predominantly haploid lifecycle consisting of protonemal filaments that regenerate from protoplasts and enlarge by tip growth, and leafy gametophores composed of cells that enlarge by diffuse growth and differentiate into several different types. 27014284 1 17 theme dry 206:208 arg1 environment 217:227 the dry aerial environment 202:227 the dry aerial environment 202:227 In contrast to homeohydric vascular plants, mosses employ a poikilohydric strategy for surviving in the dry aerial environment. 27014284 4 18 theme extensive 909:917 arg1 resources 927:935 extensive genomic resources 909:935 extensive genomic resources 909:935 Advantages for genetic studies include methods for efficient targeted gene modification and extensive genomic resources. 27014284 3 19 theme diffuse 754:760 arg1 growth 762:767 diffuse growth 754:767 diffuse growth 754:767 The model moss species Physcomitrella patens has a predominantly haploid lifecycle consisting of protonemal filaments that regenerate from protoplasts and enlarge by tip growth, and leafy gametophores composed of cells that enlarge by diffuse growth and differentiate into several different types. 27014284 5 20 theme protonemal 1078:1087 arg1 filaments 1089:1097 protonemal filaments 1078:1097 protonemal filaments 1078:1097 Immuno and affinity cytochemical labeling were used to examine the distribution of polysaccharides and proteins in regenerated protoplasts, protonemal filaments, rhizoids, and sectioned gametophores of P. patens. 27014284 7 21 from abundant 1272:1279 arg1 walls 1293:1297 the cell walls 1284:1297 the cell walls of regenerating protoplasts and protonemal cells that developed on media of high osmolarity 1284:1389 Crystalline cellulose was abundant in the cell walls of regenerating protoplasts and protonemal cells that developed on media of high osmolarity, whereas homogalactuonan was detected in the walls of protonemal cells that developed on low osmolarity media and not in regenerating protoplasts. 27014284 3 22 theme different 800:808 arg1 types 810:814 several different types 792:814 several different types 792:814 The model moss species Physcomitrella patens has a predominantly haploid lifecycle consisting of protonemal filaments that regenerate from protoplasts and enlarge by tip growth, and leafy gametophores composed of cells that enlarge by diffuse growth and differentiate into several different types. 27014284 7 23 theme osmolarity 1484:1493 arg1 media 1495:1499 low osmolarity media 1480:1499 low osmolarity media 1480:1499 Crystalline cellulose was abundant in the cell walls of regenerating protoplasts and protonemal cells that developed on media of high osmolarity, whereas homogalactuonan was detected in the walls of protonemal cells that developed on low osmolarity media and not in regenerating protoplasts. 27014284 5 24 theme affinity 949:956 arg1 labeling 971:978 affinity cytochemical labeling 949:978 affinity cytochemical labeling 949:978 Immuno and affinity cytochemical labeling were used to examine the distribution of polysaccharides and proteins in regenerated protoplasts, protonemal filaments, rhizoids, and sectioned gametophores of P. patens. 27014284 0 25 theme Composition 55:65 arg1 Immuno 0:5 Immuno 0:5 Immuno 0:5 Immuno and Affinity Cytochemical Analysis of Cell Wall Composition in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. 27014284 0 25 theme Composition 55:65 arg1 Analysis 33:40 Affinity Cytochemical Analysis 11:40 Affinity Cytochemical Analysis 11:40 Immuno and Affinity Cytochemical Analysis of Cell Wall Composition in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. 27014284 2 26 theme detailed 232:239 arg1 understanding 241:253 A detailed understanding 230:253 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls 230:319 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection for different survival strategies. 27014284 10 27 from phenotypes 1867:1876 arg1 mutants 1890:1896 knockout mutants 1881:1896 knockout mutants 1881:1896 The results reveal developmental and cell type specific differences in cell wall composition and provide a basis for analyzing cell wall phenotypes in knockout mutants. 27014284 2 28 theme survival 498:505 arg1 strategies 507:516 different survival strategies 488:516 different survival strategies 488:516 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection for different survival strategies. 27014284 0 29 from Immuno 0:5 arg1 patens 94:99 the Moss Physcomitrella patens 70:99 the Moss Physcomitrella patens 70:99 Immuno and Affinity Cytochemical Analysis of Cell Wall Composition in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. 27014284 0 30 theme Physcomitrella 79:92 arg1 patens 94:99 the Moss Physcomitrella patens 70:99 the Moss Physcomitrella patens 70:99 Immuno and Affinity Cytochemical Analysis of Cell Wall Composition in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. 27014284 2 31 theme composition 273:283 arg1 understanding 241:253 A detailed understanding 230:253 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls 230:319 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection for different survival strategies. 27014284 9 32 theme Arabinogalactan 1605:1619 arg1 proteins 1621:1628 Arabinogalactan proteins 1605:1628 Arabinogalactan proteins 1605:1628 Arabinogalactan proteins were detected in different cell types by different probes, consistent with structural heterogneity. 27014284 1 33 theme vascular 129:136 arg1 plants 138:143 homeohydric vascular plants 117:143 homeohydric vascular plants 117:143 In contrast to homeohydric vascular plants, mosses employ a poikilohydric strategy for surviving in the dry aerial environment. 27014284 2 34 theme evolution 373:381 arg1 differences 429:439 the differences 425:439 the differences that have evolved in response to selection for different survival strategies 425:516 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection for different survival strategies. 27014284 2 34 theme evolution 373:381 arg1 understanding 343:355 our understanding 339:355 our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity 339:413 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection for different survival strategies. 27014284 5 35 theme patens 1143:1148 arg1 rhizoids 1100:1107 rhizoids 1100:1107 rhizoids 1100:1107 Immuno and affinity cytochemical labeling were used to examine the distribution of polysaccharides and proteins in regenerated protoplasts, protonemal filaments, rhizoids, and sectioned gametophores of P. patens. 27014284 5 35 theme patens 1143:1148 arg1 protoplasts 1065:1075 regenerated protoplasts 1053:1075 regenerated protoplasts 1053:1075 Immuno and affinity cytochemical labeling were used to examine the distribution of polysaccharides and proteins in regenerated protoplasts, protonemal filaments, rhizoids, and sectioned gametophores of P. patens. 27014284 5 35 theme patens 1143:1148 arg1 filaments 1089:1097 protonemal filaments 1078:1097 protonemal filaments 1078:1097 Immuno and affinity cytochemical labeling were used to examine the distribution of polysaccharides and proteins in regenerated protoplasts, protonemal filaments, rhizoids, and sectioned gametophores of P. patens. 27014284 5 35 theme patens 1143:1148 arg1 gametophores 1124:1135 sectioned gametophores 1114:1135 sectioned gametophores of P. patens 1114:1148 Immuno and affinity cytochemical labeling were used to examine the distribution of polysaccharides and proteins in regenerated protoplasts, protonemal filaments, rhizoids, and sectioned gametophores of P. patens. 27014284 0 36 from Analysis 33:40 arg1 patens 94:99 the Moss Physcomitrella patens 70:99 the Moss Physcomitrella patens 70:99 Immuno and Affinity Cytochemical Analysis of Cell Wall Composition in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. 27014284 7 37 theme high 1375:1378 arg1 osmolarity 1380:1389 high osmolarity 1375:1389 high osmolarity 1375:1389 Crystalline cellulose was abundant in the cell walls of regenerating protoplasts and protonemal cells that developed on media of high osmolarity, whereas homogalactuonan was detected in the walls of protonemal cells that developed on low osmolarity media and not in regenerating protoplasts. 27014284 1 38 dep plants 138:143 arg1 contrast 105:112 contrast 105:112 contrast 105:112 In contrast to homeohydric vascular plants, mosses employ a poikilohydric strategy for surviving in the dry aerial environment. 27014284 2 39 theme wall 399:402 arg1 complexity 404:413 overall cell wall complexity 386:413 overall cell wall complexity 386:413 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection for different survival strategies. 27014284 0 40 theme Affinity 11:18 arg1 Analysis 33:40 Affinity Cytochemical Analysis 11:40 Affinity Cytochemical Analysis 11:40 Immuno and Affinity Cytochemical Analysis of Cell Wall Composition in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. 27014284 2 41 dep selection 474:482 arg1 response 462:469 response 462:469 response 462:469 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection for different survival strategies. 27014284 9 42 theme cell 1657:1660 arg1 types 1662:1666 different cell types 1647:1666 different cell types 1647:1666 Arabinogalactan proteins were detected in different cell types by different probes, consistent with structural heterogneity. 27014284 10 43 theme cell 1857:1860 arg1 phenotypes 1867:1876 cell wall phenotypes 1857:1876 cell wall phenotypes in knockout mutants 1857:1896 The results reveal developmental and cell type specific differences in cell wall composition and provide a basis for analyzing cell wall phenotypes in knockout mutants. 27014284 10 44 theme developmental 1749:1761 arg1 differences 1786:1796 developmental and cell type specific differences 1749:1796 developmental and cell type specific differences in cell wall composition 1749:1821 The results reveal developmental and cell type specific differences in cell wall composition and provide a basis for analyzing cell wall phenotypes in knockout mutants. 27014284 2 45 theme overall 386:392 arg1 complexity 404:413 overall cell wall complexity 386:413 overall cell wall complexity 386:413 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection for different survival strategies. 27014284 5 46 theme regenerated 1053:1063 arg1 protoplasts 1065:1075 regenerated protoplasts 1053:1075 regenerated protoplasts 1053:1075 Immuno and affinity cytochemical labeling were used to examine the distribution of polysaccharides and proteins in regenerated protoplasts, protonemal filaments, rhizoids, and sectioned gametophores of P. patens. 27014284 4 47 theme genetic 832:838 arg1 studies 840:846 genetic studies 832:846 genetic studies 832:846 Advantages for genetic studies include methods for efficient targeted gene modification and extensive genomic resources. 27014284 0 48 theme Cell 45:48 arg1 Composition 55:65 Cell Wall Composition 45:65 Cell Wall Composition 45:65 Immuno and Affinity Cytochemical Analysis of Cell Wall Composition in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. 27014284 6 49 theme wall 1160:1163 arg1 composition 1165:1175 The cell wall composition 1151:1175 The cell wall composition of regenerated protoplasts 1151:1202 The cell wall composition of regenerated protoplasts was also characterized by flow cytometry. 27014284 2 50 theme walls 315:319 arg1 composition 273:283 composition 273:283 composition 273:283 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection for different survival strategies. 27014284 2 50 theme walls 315:319 arg1 development 290:300 development 290:300 development 290:300 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection for different survival strategies. 27014284 2 50 theme walls 315:319 arg1 structure 262:270 structure 262:270 structure 262:270 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection for different survival strategies. 27014284 7 51 located detected 1420:1427 arg1 walls 1436:1440 the walls 1432:1440 the walls of protonemal cells that developed on low osmolarity media 1432:1499 Crystalline cellulose was abundant in the cell walls of regenerating protoplasts and protonemal cells that developed on media of high osmolarity, whereas homogalactuonan was detected in the walls of protonemal cells that developed on low osmolarity media and not in regenerating protoplasts. 27014284 7 51 located detected 1420:1427 arg2 homogalactuonan 1400:1414 homogalactuonan 1400:1414 homogalactuonan 1400:1414 Crystalline cellulose was abundant in the cell walls of regenerating protoplasts and protonemal cells that developed on media of high osmolarity, whereas homogalactuonan was detected in the walls of protonemal cells that developed on low osmolarity media and not in regenerating protoplasts. 27014284 5 52 theme polysaccharides 1021:1035 arg1 distribution 1005:1016 the distribution 1001:1016 the distribution of polysaccharides and proteins in regenerated protoplasts, protonemal filaments, rhizoids, and sectioned gametophores of P. patens 1001:1148 Immuno and affinity cytochemical labeling were used to examine the distribution of polysaccharides and proteins in regenerated protoplasts, protonemal filaments, rhizoids, and sectioned gametophores of P. patens. 27014284 2 53 dep structure 262:270 arg1 the 258:260 the 258:260 the 258:260 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection for different survival strategies. 27014284 9 54 theme structural 1705:1714 arg1 heterogneity 1716:1727 structural heterogneity 1705:1727 structural heterogneity 1705:1727 Arabinogalactan proteins were detected in different cell types by different probes, consistent with structural heterogneity. 27014284 7 55 theme regenerating 1302:1313 arg1 protoplasts 1315:1325 regenerating protoplasts 1302:1325 regenerating protoplasts 1302:1325 Crystalline cellulose was abundant in the cell walls of regenerating protoplasts and protonemal cells that developed on media of high osmolarity, whereas homogalactuonan was detected in the walls of protonemal cells that developed on low osmolarity media and not in regenerating protoplasts. 27014284 10 56 theme wall 1806:1809 arg1 composition 1811:1821 cell wall composition 1801:1821 cell wall composition 1801:1821 The results reveal developmental and cell type specific differences in cell wall composition and provide a basis for analyzing cell wall phenotypes in knockout mutants. 27014284 5 57 from distribution 1005:1016 arg1 rhizoids 1100:1107 rhizoids 1100:1107 rhizoids 1100:1107 Immuno and affinity cytochemical labeling were used to examine the distribution of polysaccharides and proteins in regenerated protoplasts, protonemal filaments, rhizoids, and sectioned gametophores of P. patens. 27014284 5 57 from distribution 1005:1016 arg1 protoplasts 1065:1075 regenerated protoplasts 1053:1075 regenerated protoplasts 1053:1075 Immuno and affinity cytochemical labeling were used to examine the distribution of polysaccharides and proteins in regenerated protoplasts, protonemal filaments, rhizoids, and sectioned gametophores of P. patens. 27014284 5 57 from distribution 1005:1016 arg1 filaments 1089:1097 protonemal filaments 1078:1097 protonemal filaments 1078:1097 Immuno and affinity cytochemical labeling were used to examine the distribution of polysaccharides and proteins in regenerated protoplasts, protonemal filaments, rhizoids, and sectioned gametophores of P. patens. 27014284 5 57 from distribution 1005:1016 arg1 gametophores 1124:1135 sectioned gametophores 1114:1135 sectioned gametophores of P. patens 1114:1148 Immuno and affinity cytochemical labeling were used to examine the distribution of polysaccharides and proteins in regenerated protoplasts, protonemal filaments, rhizoids, and sectioned gametophores of P. patens. 27014284 4 58 theme efficient 868:876 arg1 modification 892:903 efficient targeted gene modification 868:903 efficient targeted gene modification 868:903 Advantages for genetic studies include methods for efficient targeted gene modification and extensive genomic resources. 27014284 3 59 contain has 564:566 arg1 species 534:540 The model moss species 519:540 The model moss species Physcomitrella patens 519:562 The model moss species Physcomitrella patens has a predominantly haploid lifecycle consisting of protonemal filaments that regenerate from protoplasts and enlarge by tip growth, and leafy gametophores composed of cells that enlarge by diffuse growth and differentiate into several different types. 27014284 3 59 contain has 564:566 arg2 lifecycle 592:600 a predominantly haploid lifecycle 568:600 a predominantly haploid lifecycle consisting of protonemal filaments that regenerate from protoplasts and enlarge by tip growth 568:694 The model moss species Physcomitrella patens has a predominantly haploid lifecycle consisting of protonemal filaments that regenerate from protoplasts and enlarge by tip growth, and leafy gametophores composed of cells that enlarge by diffuse growth and differentiate into several different types. 27014284 3 60 theme Physcomitrella 542:555 arg1 species 534:540 The model moss species 519:540 The model moss species Physcomitrella patens 519:562 The model moss species Physcomitrella patens has a predominantly haploid lifecycle consisting of protonemal filaments that regenerate from protoplasts and enlarge by tip growth, and leafy gametophores composed of cells that enlarge by diffuse growth and differentiate into several different types. 27014284 4 61 theme gene 887:890 arg1 modification 892:903 efficient targeted gene modification 868:903 efficient targeted gene modification 868:903 Advantages for genetic studies include methods for efficient targeted gene modification and extensive genomic resources. 27014284 7 62 theme low 1480:1482 arg1 media 1495:1499 low osmolarity media 1480:1499 low osmolarity media 1480:1499 Crystalline cellulose was abundant in the cell walls of regenerating protoplasts and protonemal cells that developed on media of high osmolarity, whereas homogalactuonan was detected in the walls of protonemal cells that developed on low osmolarity media and not in regenerating protoplasts. 27014284 2 63 theme moss 305:308 arg1 walls 315:319 moss cell walls 305:319 moss cell walls 305:319 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection for different survival strategies. 27014284 6 64 theme protoplasts 1192:1202 arg1 composition 1165:1175 The cell wall composition 1151:1175 The cell wall composition of regenerated protoplasts 1151:1202 The cell wall composition of regenerated protoplasts was also characterized by flow cytometry. 27014284 3 65 theme moss 529:532 arg1 species 534:540 The model moss species 519:540 The model moss species Physcomitrella patens 519:562 The model moss species Physcomitrella patens has a predominantly haploid lifecycle consisting of protonemal filaments that regenerate from protoplasts and enlarge by tip growth, and leafy gametophores composed of cells that enlarge by diffuse growth and differentiate into several different types. 27014284 7 66 theme cells 1456:1460 arg1 walls 1436:1440 the walls 1432:1440 the walls of protonemal cells that developed on low osmolarity media 1432:1499 Crystalline cellulose was abundant in the cell walls of regenerating protoplasts and protonemal cells that developed on media of high osmolarity, whereas homogalactuonan was detected in the walls of protonemal cells that developed on low osmolarity media and not in regenerating protoplasts. 27014284 2 67 theme development 290:300 arg1 understanding 241:253 A detailed understanding 230:253 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls 230:319 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection for different survival strategies. 27014284 10 68 theme knockout 1881:1888 arg1 mutants 1890:1896 knockout mutants 1881:1896 knockout mutants 1881:1896 The results reveal developmental and cell type specific differences in cell wall composition and provide a basis for analyzing cell wall phenotypes in knockout mutants. 27014284 1 69 theme homeohydric 117:127 arg1 plants 138:143 homeohydric vascular plants 117:143 homeohydric vascular plants 117:143 In contrast to homeohydric vascular plants, mosses employ a poikilohydric strategy for surviving in the dry aerial environment. 27014284 6 70 theme regenerated 1180:1190 arg1 protoplasts 1192:1202 regenerated protoplasts 1180:1202 regenerated protoplasts 1180:1202 The cell wall composition of regenerated protoplasts was also characterized by flow cytometry. 27014284 4 71 theme genomic 919:925 arg1 resources 927:935 extensive genomic resources 909:935 extensive genomic resources 909:935 Advantages for genetic studies include methods for efficient targeted gene modification and extensive genomic resources. 27014284 7 72 theme cells 1342:1346 arg1 walls 1293:1297 the cell walls 1284:1297 the cell walls of regenerating protoplasts and protonemal cells that developed on media of high osmolarity 1284:1389 Crystalline cellulose was abundant in the cell walls of regenerating protoplasts and protonemal cells that developed on media of high osmolarity, whereas homogalactuonan was detected in the walls of protonemal cells that developed on low osmolarity media and not in regenerating protoplasts. 27014284 7 73 theme protoplasts 1315:1325 arg1 walls 1293:1297 the cell walls 1284:1297 the cell walls of regenerating protoplasts and protonemal cells that developed on media of high osmolarity 1284:1389 Crystalline cellulose was abundant in the cell walls of regenerating protoplasts and protonemal cells that developed on media of high osmolarity, whereas homogalactuonan was detected in the walls of protonemal cells that developed on low osmolarity media and not in regenerating protoplasts. 27014284 8 74 theme major 1553:1557 arg1 hemicellulose 1559:1571 the major hemicellulose 1549:1571 the major hemicellulose detected in all tissues tested 1549:1602 Mannan was the major hemicellulose detected in all tissues tested. 27014284 8 74 theme major 1553:1557 arg1 Mannan 1538:1543 Mannan 1538:1543 Mannan 1538:1543 Mannan was the major hemicellulose detected in all tissues tested. 27014284 1 75 theme aerial 210:215 arg1 environment 217:227 the dry aerial environment 202:227 the dry aerial environment 202:227 In contrast to homeohydric vascular plants, mosses employ a poikilohydric strategy for surviving in the dry aerial environment. 27014284 3 76 theme several 792:798 arg1 types 810:814 several different types 792:814 several different types 792:814 The model moss species Physcomitrella patens has a predominantly haploid lifecycle consisting of protonemal filaments that regenerate from protoplasts and enlarge by tip growth, and leafy gametophores composed of cells that enlarge by diffuse growth and differentiate into several different types. 27014284 0 77 theme Moss 74:77 arg1 patens 94:99 the Moss Physcomitrella patens 70:99 the Moss Physcomitrella patens 70:99 Immuno and Affinity Cytochemical Analysis of Cell Wall Composition in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. 27014284 3 78 dep Physcomitrella 542:555 arg1 patens 557:562 patens 557:562 patens 557:562 The model moss species Physcomitrella patens has a predominantly haploid lifecycle consisting of protonemal filaments that regenerate from protoplasts and enlarge by tip growth, and leafy gametophores composed of cells that enlarge by diffuse growth and differentiate into several different types. 27014284 2 79 theme different 488:496 arg1 strategies 507:516 different survival strategies 488:516 different survival strategies 488:516 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection for different survival strategies. 27014284 10 80 theme specific 1777:1784 arg1 differences 1786:1796 developmental and cell type specific differences 1749:1796 developmental and cell type specific differences in cell wall composition 1749:1821 The results reveal developmental and cell type specific differences in cell wall composition and provide a basis for analyzing cell wall phenotypes in knockout mutants. 27014284 7 81 theme Crystalline 1246:1256 arg1 cellulose 1258:1266 Crystalline cellulose 1246:1266 Crystalline cellulose 1246:1266 Crystalline cellulose was abundant in the cell walls of regenerating protoplasts and protonemal cells that developed on media of high osmolarity, whereas homogalactuonan was detected in the walls of protonemal cells that developed on low osmolarity media and not in regenerating protoplasts. 27014284 9 82 located detected 1635:1642 arg1 types 1662:1666 different cell types 1647:1666 different cell types 1647:1666 Arabinogalactan proteins were detected in different cell types by different probes, consistent with structural heterogneity. 27014284 9 82 located detected 1635:1642 arg2 proteins 1621:1628 Arabinogalactan proteins 1605:1628 Arabinogalactan proteins 1605:1628 Arabinogalactan proteins were detected in different cell types by different probes, consistent with structural heterogneity. 27014284 7 83 theme osmolarity 1380:1389 arg1 media 1366:1370 media 1366:1370 media of high osmolarity 1366:1389 Crystalline cellulose was abundant in the cell walls of regenerating protoplasts and protonemal cells that developed on media of high osmolarity, whereas homogalactuonan was detected in the walls of protonemal cells that developed on low osmolarity media and not in regenerating protoplasts. 27014284 5 84 theme cytochemical 958:969 arg1 labeling 971:978 affinity cytochemical labeling 949:978 affinity cytochemical labeling 949:978 Immuno and affinity cytochemical labeling were used to examine the distribution of polysaccharides and proteins in regenerated protoplasts, protonemal filaments, rhizoids, and sectioned gametophores of P. patens. 27014284 8 85 located detected 1573:1580 arg2 Mannan 1538:1543 Mannan 1538:1543 Mannan 1538:1543 Mannan was the major hemicellulose detected in all tissues tested. 27014284 8 85 located detected 1573:1580 arg1 tissues 1589:1595 all tissues 1585:1595 all tissues tested 1585:1602 Mannan was the major hemicellulose detected in all tissues tested. 27014284 8 85 located detected 1573:1580 arg2 hemicellulose 1559:1571 the major hemicellulose 1549:1571 the major hemicellulose detected in all tissues tested 1549:1602 Mannan was the major hemicellulose detected in all tissues tested. 27014284 0 86 theme Cytochemical 20:31 arg1 Analysis 33:40 Affinity Cytochemical Analysis 11:40 Affinity Cytochemical Analysis 11:40 Immuno and Affinity Cytochemical Analysis of Cell Wall Composition in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. 27014284 9 87 theme different 1647:1655 arg1 types 1662:1666 different cell types 1647:1666 different cell types 1647:1666 Arabinogalactan proteins were detected in different cell types by different probes, consistent with structural heterogneity. 27014284 2 88 theme complexity 404:413 arg1 evolution 373:381 not only the evolution 360:381 not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity 360:413 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection for different survival strategies. 27014284 2 89 theme cell 394:397 arg1 complexity 404:413 overall cell wall complexity 386:413 overall cell wall complexity 386:413 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection for different survival strategies. 27014284 5 90 used used 985:988 arg2 Immuno 938:943 Immuno 938:943 Immuno 938:943 Immuno and affinity cytochemical labeling were used to examine the distribution of polysaccharides and proteins in regenerated protoplasts, protonemal filaments, rhizoids, and sectioned gametophores of P. patens. 27014284 5 90 used used 985:988 arg2 labeling 971:978 affinity cytochemical labeling 949:978 affinity cytochemical labeling 949:978 Immuno and affinity cytochemical labeling were used to examine the distribution of polysaccharides and proteins in regenerated protoplasts, protonemal filaments, rhizoids, and sectioned gametophores of P. patens. 27014284 0 91 theme Wall 50:53 arg1 Composition 55:65 Cell Wall Composition 45:65 Cell Wall Composition 45:65 Immuno and Affinity Cytochemical Analysis of Cell Wall Composition in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. 27014284 3 92 dep gametophores 707:718 arg1 composed 720:727 composed 720:727 gametophores composed of cells that enlarge by diffuse growth and differentiate into several different types 707:814 The model moss species Physcomitrella patens has a predominantly haploid lifecycle consisting of protonemal filaments that regenerate from protoplasts and enlarge by tip growth, and leafy gametophores composed of cells that enlarge by diffuse growth and differentiate into several different types. 27014284 9 93 theme different 1671:1679 arg1 probes 1681:1686 different probes 1671:1686 different probes 1671:1686 Arabinogalactan proteins were detected in different cell types by different probes, consistent with structural heterogneity. 27014284 7 94 theme protonemal 1331:1340 arg1 cells 1342:1346 protonemal cells 1331:1346 protonemal cells 1331:1346 Crystalline cellulose was abundant in the cell walls of regenerating protoplasts and protonemal cells that developed on media of high osmolarity, whereas homogalactuonan was detected in the walls of protonemal cells that developed on low osmolarity media and not in regenerating protoplasts. 27014284 5 95 theme proteins 1041:1048 arg1 distribution 1005:1016 the distribution 1001:1016 the distribution of polysaccharides and proteins in regenerated protoplasts, protonemal filaments, rhizoids, and sectioned gametophores of P. patens 1001:1148 Immuno and affinity cytochemical labeling were used to examine the distribution of polysaccharides and proteins in regenerated protoplasts, protonemal filaments, rhizoids, and sectioned gametophores of P. patens. 27014284 6 96 theme cell 1155:1158 arg1 composition 1165:1175 The cell wall composition 1151:1175 The cell wall composition of regenerated protoplasts 1151:1202 The cell wall composition of regenerated protoplasts was also characterized by flow cytometry. 27014284 2 97 theme cell 310:313 arg1 walls 315:319 moss cell walls 305:319 moss cell walls 305:319 A detailed understanding of the structure, composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection for different survival strategies. 27894254 4 0 theme 8 1017:1017 arg1 % 1025:1025 8 vs. 18% 1017:1025 % 1025:1025 Our analysis revealed that the proportions of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria differed significantly between the two lines (8 vs. 18% and 33 vs. 24%, respectively) at the phylum level. 27894254 1 1 theme symbiosis 260:268 arg1 relationships 239:251 the relationships 235:251 the relationships of the symbiosis, co-metabolism, and co-evolution of these microorganisms with their host 235:341 BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal tract is populated by a complex and vast microbial network, with a composition that reflects the relationships of the symbiosis, co-metabolism, and co-evolution of these microorganisms with their host. 27894254 7 2 theme functional 1409:1418 arg1 analysis 1420:1427 microbial genome functional analysis 1392:1427 microbial genome functional analysis 1392:1427 Moreover, microbial genome functional analysis showed that the gut microbiota was involved in pathways that are associated with fat metabolism such as lipid and glycan biosynthesis, as well as amino acid and energy metabolism. 27894254 3 3 from increase 841:848 arg1 line 861:864 the fat line 853:864 the fat line 853:864 RESULTS To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. 27894254 4 4 theme 18 1023:1024 arg1 % 1025:1025 8 vs. 18% 1017:1025 % 1025:1025 Our analysis revealed that the proportions of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria differed significantly between the two lines (8 vs. 18% and 33 vs. 24%, respectively) at the phylum level. 27894254 8 5 theme fat 1796:1798 arg1 line 1800:1803 the fat line 1792:1803 the fat line 1792:1803 Interestingly, citrate cycle and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways that play important roles in lipid storage and metabolism were more prevalent in the fat line than in the lean line. 27894254 1 6 theme co-metabolism 271:283 arg1 relationships 239:251 the relationships 235:251 the relationships of the symbiosis, co-metabolism, and co-evolution of these microorganisms with their host 235:341 BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal tract is populated by a complex and vast microbial network, with a composition that reflects the relationships of the symbiosis, co-metabolism, and co-evolution of these microorganisms with their host. 27894254 7 7 theme microbial 1392:1400 arg1 analysis 1420:1427 microbial genome functional analysis 1392:1427 microbial genome functional analysis 1392:1427 Moreover, microbial genome functional analysis showed that the gut microbiota was involved in pathways that are associated with fat metabolism such as lipid and glycan biosynthesis, as well as amino acid and energy metabolism. 27894254 0 8 theme Divergent 0:8 arg1 obesity 28:34 Divergent selection-induced obesity 0:34 Divergent selection-induced obesity 0:34 Divergent selection-induced obesity alters the composition and functional pathways of chicken gut microbiota. 27894254 8 9 theme peroxisome 1642:1651 arg1 proliferator 1653:1664 peroxisome proliferator 1642:1664 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways that play important roles in lipid storage and metabolism 1642:1767 Interestingly, citrate cycle and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways that play important roles in lipid storage and metabolism were more prevalent in the fat line than in the lean line. 27894254 1 10 theme microbial 183:191 arg1 network 193:199 a complex and vast microbial network 164:199 a complex and vast microbial network 164:199 BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal tract is populated by a complex and vast microbial network, with a composition that reflects the relationships of the symbiosis, co-metabolism, and co-evolution of these microorganisms with their host. 27894254 4 11 theme phylum 1064:1069 arg1 level 1071:1075 the phylum level 1060:1075 the phylum level 1060:1075 Our analysis revealed that the proportions of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria differed significantly between the two lines (8 vs. 18% and 33 vs. 24%, respectively) at the phylum level. 27894254 8 12 theme activated 1666:1674 arg1 PPAR 1686:1689 PPAR 1686:1689 PPAR 1686:1689 Interestingly, citrate cycle and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways that play important roles in lipid storage and metabolism were more prevalent in the fat line than in the lean line. 27894254 8 12 theme activated 1666:1674 arg1 receptor 1676:1683 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor 1642:1683 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways that play important roles in lipid storage and metabolism 1642:1767 Interestingly, citrate cycle and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways that play important roles in lipid storage and metabolism were more prevalent in the fat line than in the lean line. 27894254 9 13 theme long-term 1868:1876 arg1 selection 1888:1896 long-term divergent selection 1868:1896 long-term divergent selection 1868:1896 CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that long-term divergent selection not only alters the composition of the gut microbiota, but also influences its functional performance by enriching its relative abundance in microbial taxa. 27894254 3 14 theme long-term 752:760 arg1 selection 772:780 long-term divergent selection 752:780 long-term divergent selection 752:780 RESULTS To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. 27894254 6 15 from Differences 1173:1183 arg1 loci 1243:1246 loci 1243:1246 loci that influence accumulation of abdominal fat 1243:1291 Differences between the two lines in the frequency of host alleles at loci that influence accumulation of abdominal fat were associated with differences in the abundance and composition of the gut microbiota. 27894254 6 15 from Differences 1173:1183 arg1 frequency 1214:1222 the frequency 1210:1222 the frequency of host alleles at loci that influence accumulation of abdominal fat 1210:1291 Differences between the two lines in the frequency of host alleles at loci that influence accumulation of abdominal fat were associated with differences in the abundance and composition of the gut microbiota. 27894254 6 16 theme alleles 1232:1238 arg1 frequency 1214:1222 the frequency 1210:1222 the frequency of host alleles at loci that influence accumulation of abdominal fat 1210:1291 Differences between the two lines in the frequency of host alleles at loci that influence accumulation of abdominal fat were associated with differences in the abundance and composition of the gut microbiota. 27894254 3 17 theme abdominal 786:794 arg1 weight 804:809 abdominal fat pad weight 786:809 abdominal fat pad weight 786:809 RESULTS To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. 27894254 8 18 from prevalent 1779:1787 arg1 line 1800:1803 the fat line 1792:1803 the fat line 1792:1803 Interestingly, citrate cycle and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways that play important roles in lipid storage and metabolism were more prevalent in the fat line than in the lean line. 27894254 0 19 theme chicken 86:92 arg1 microbiota 98:107 chicken gut microbiota 86:107 chicken gut microbiota 86:107 Divergent selection-induced obesity alters the composition and functional pathways of chicken gut microbiota. 27894254 3 20 dep resulted 818:825 arg1 compared 866:873 compared 866:873 compared to the lean line 866:890 RESULTS To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. 27894254 9 21 theme gut 1937:1939 arg1 microbiota 1941:1950 the gut microbiota 1933:1950 the gut microbiota 1933:1950 CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that long-term divergent selection not only alters the composition of the gut microbiota, but also influences its functional performance by enriching its relative abundance in microbial taxa. 27894254 3 22 theme pad 800:802 arg1 weight 804:809 abdominal fat pad weight 786:809 abdominal fat pad weight 786:809 RESULTS To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. 27894254 0 23 theme microbiota 98:107 arg1 composition 47:57 composition 47:57 composition 47:57 Divergent selection-induced obesity alters the composition and functional pathways of chicken gut microbiota. 27894254 0 23 theme microbiota 98:107 arg1 pathways 74:81 functional pathways 63:81 functional pathways 63:81 Divergent selection-induced obesity alters the composition and functional pathways of chicken gut microbiota. 27894254 7 24 theme amino 1575:1579 arg1 acid 1581:1584 amino acid 1575:1584 amino acid 1575:1584 Moreover, microbial genome functional analysis showed that the gut microbiota was involved in pathways that are associated with fat metabolism such as lipid and glycan biosynthesis, as well as amino acid and energy metabolism. 27894254 6 25 theme gut 1366:1368 arg1 microbiota 1370:1379 the gut microbiota 1362:1379 the gut microbiota 1362:1379 Differences between the two lines in the frequency of host alleles at loci that influence accumulation of abdominal fat were associated with differences in the abundance and composition of the gut microbiota. 27894254 8 26 theme lipid 1740:1744 arg1 storage 1746:1752 lipid storage 1740:1752 lipid storage 1740:1752 Interestingly, citrate cycle and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways that play important roles in lipid storage and metabolism were more prevalent in the fat line than in the lean line. 27894254 2 27 theme gut 428:430 arg1 genetics 403:410 the genetics 399:410 the genetics of the host and gut microbiota 399:441 The mechanism that underlies such interactions between the genetics of the host and gut microbiota remains elusive. 27894254 1 28 theme co-evolution 290:301 arg1 relationships 239:251 the relationships 235:251 the relationships of the symbiosis, co-metabolism, and co-evolution of these microorganisms with their host 235:341 BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal tract is populated by a complex and vast microbial network, with a composition that reflects the relationships of the symbiosis, co-metabolism, and co-evolution of these microorganisms with their host. 27894254 3 29 theme lean 882:885 arg1 line 887:890 the lean line 878:890 the lean line 878:890 RESULTS To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. 27894254 1 30 dep BACKGROUND 110:119 arg1 populated 151:159 populated 151:159 populated 151:159 BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal tract is populated by a complex and vast microbial network, with a composition that reflects the relationships of the symbiosis, co-metabolism, and co-evolution of these microorganisms with their host. 27894254 3 31 theme microbial 640:648 arg1 taxa 650:653 microbial taxa 640:653 microbial taxa 640:653 RESULTS To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. 27894254 2 32 dep host 419:422 arg1 microbiota 432:441 microbiota 432:441 microbiota 432:441 The mechanism that underlies such interactions between the genetics of the host and gut microbiota remains elusive. 27894254 2 32 dep host 419:422 arg1 the 415:417 the 415:417 the 415:417 The mechanism that underlies such interactions between the genetics of the host and gut microbiota remains elusive. 27894254 2 33 theme host 419:422 arg1 genetics 403:410 the genetics 399:410 the genetics of the host and gut microbiota 399:441 The mechanism that underlies such interactions between the genetics of the host and gut microbiota remains elusive. 27894254 5 34 theme bacterial 1084:1092 arg1 genera 1094:1099 Eight bacterial genera 1078:1099 Eight bacterial genera 1078:1099 Eight bacterial genera and 11 species were also substantially influenced by the host genotype. 27894254 7 35 theme gut 1445:1447 arg1 microbiota 1449:1458 the gut microbiota 1441:1458 the gut microbiota 1441:1458 Moreover, microbial genome functional analysis showed that the gut microbiota was involved in pathways that are associated with fat metabolism such as lipid and glycan biosynthesis, as well as amino acid and energy metabolism. 27894254 4 36 theme 33 1031:1032 arg1 % 1040:1040 33 vs. 24% 1031:1040 % 1040:1040 Our analysis revealed that the proportions of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria differed significantly between the two lines (8 vs. 18% and 33 vs. 24%, respectively) at the phylum level. 27894254 3 37 theme functional 665:674 arg1 performance 676:686 their functional performance 659:686 their functional performance 659:686 RESULTS To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. 27894254 3 38 theme genetic 486:492 arg1 variation 494:502 genetic variation 486:502 genetic variation of the host 486:514 RESULTS To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. 27894254 4 39 theme 24 1038:1039 arg1 % 1040:1040 33 vs. 24% 1031:1040 % 1040:1040 Our analysis revealed that the proportions of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria differed significantly between the two lines (8 vs. 18% and 33 vs. 24%, respectively) at the phylum level. 27894254 1 40 theme microorganisms 312:325 arg1 co-evolution 290:301 co-evolution 290:301 co-evolution 290:301 BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal tract is populated by a complex and vast microbial network, with a composition that reflects the relationships of the symbiosis, co-metabolism, and co-evolution of these microorganisms with their host. 27894254 1 40 theme microorganisms 312:325 arg1 symbiosis 260:268 symbiosis 260:268 symbiosis 260:268 BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal tract is populated by a complex and vast microbial network, with a composition that reflects the relationships of the symbiosis, co-metabolism, and co-evolution of these microorganisms with their host. 27894254 1 40 theme microorganisms 312:325 arg1 co-metabolism 271:283 co-metabolism 271:283 co-metabolism 271:283 BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal tract is populated by a complex and vast microbial network, with a composition that reflects the relationships of the symbiosis, co-metabolism, and co-evolution of these microorganisms with their host. 27894254 3 41 theme host 511:514 arg1 variation 494:502 genetic variation 486:502 genetic variation of the host 486:514 RESULTS To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. 27894254 7 42 theme genome 1402:1407 arg1 analysis 1420:1427 microbial genome functional analysis 1392:1427 microbial genome functional analysis 1392:1427 Moreover, microbial genome functional analysis showed that the gut microbiota was involved in pathways that are associated with fat metabolism such as lipid and glycan biosynthesis, as well as amino acid and energy metabolism. 27894254 4 43 dep differed 971:978 arg1 % 1040:1040 33 vs. 24% 1031:1040 % 1040:1040 Our analysis revealed that the proportions of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria differed significantly between the two lines (8 vs. 18% and 33 vs. 24%, respectively) at the phylum level. 27894254 4 43 dep differed 971:978 arg1 % 1025:1025 8 vs. 18% 1017:1025 % 1025:1025 Our analysis revealed that the proportions of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria differed significantly between the two lines (8 vs. 18% and 33 vs. 24%, respectively) at the phylum level. 27894254 8 44 theme citrate 1624:1630 arg1 cycle 1632:1636 citrate cycle 1624:1636 citrate cycle 1624:1636 Interestingly, citrate cycle and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways that play important roles in lipid storage and metabolism were more prevalent in the fat line than in the lean line. 27894254 1 45 theme vast 178:181 arg1 network 193:199 a complex and vast microbial network 164:199 a complex and vast microbial network 164:199 BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal tract is populated by a complex and vast microbial network, with a composition that reflects the relationships of the symbiosis, co-metabolism, and co-evolution of these microorganisms with their host. 27894254 1 46 with co-evolution 290:301 arg1 host 338:341 their host 332:341 their host 332:341 BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal tract is populated by a complex and vast microbial network, with a composition that reflects the relationships of the symbiosis, co-metabolism, and co-evolution of these microorganisms with their host. 27894254 9 47 theme CONCLUSIONS 1828:1838 arg1 study 1844:1848 CONCLUSIONS Our study 1828:1848 CONCLUSIONS Our study 1828:1848 CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that long-term divergent selection not only alters the composition of the gut microbiota, but also influences its functional performance by enriching its relative abundance in microbial taxa. 27894254 3 48 theme chickens 709:716 arg1 lines 700:704 two lines 696:704 two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line 696:890 RESULTS To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. 27894254 8 49 theme lean 1817:1820 arg1 line 1822:1825 the lean line 1813:1825 the lean line 1813:1825 Interestingly, citrate cycle and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways that play important roles in lipid storage and metabolism were more prevalent in the fat line than in the lean line. 27894254 8 50 theme proliferator 1653:1664 arg1 PPAR 1686:1689 PPAR 1686:1689 PPAR 1686:1689 Interestingly, citrate cycle and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways that play important roles in lipid storage and metabolism were more prevalent in the fat line than in the lean line. 27894254 8 50 theme proliferator 1653:1664 arg1 receptor 1676:1683 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor 1642:1683 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways that play important roles in lipid storage and metabolism 1642:1767 Interestingly, citrate cycle and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways that play important roles in lipid storage and metabolism were more prevalent in the fat line than in the lean line. 27894254 8 51 theme receptor 1676:1683 arg1 pathways 1702:1709 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways 1642:1709 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways that play important roles in lipid storage and metabolism 1642:1767 Interestingly, citrate cycle and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways that play important roles in lipid storage and metabolism were more prevalent in the fat line than in the lean line. 27894254 7 52 theme glycan 1543:1548 arg1 biosynthesis 1550:1561 lipid and glycan biosynthesis 1533:1561 biosynthesis 1550:1561 Moreover, microbial genome functional analysis showed that the gut microbiota was involved in pathways that are associated with fat metabolism such as lipid and glycan biosynthesis, as well as amino acid and energy metabolism. 27894254 9 53 theme divergent 1878:1886 arg1 selection 1888:1896 long-term divergent selection 1868:1896 long-term divergent selection 1868:1896 CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that long-term divergent selection not only alters the composition of the gut microbiota, but also influences its functional performance by enriching its relative abundance in microbial taxa. 27894254 3 54 theme divergent 762:770 arg1 selection 772:780 long-term divergent selection 752:780 long-term divergent selection 752:780 RESULTS To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. 27894254 3 55 theme metabolic 578:586 arg1 phenotype 588:596 the metabolic phenotype 574:596 the metabolic phenotype of the host 574:608 RESULTS To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. 27894254 1 56 theme gastrointestinal 125:140 arg1 tract 142:146 The gastrointestinal tract 121:146 The gastrointestinal tract 121:146 BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal tract is populated by a complex and vast microbial network, with a composition that reflects the relationships of the symbiosis, co-metabolism, and co-evolution of these microorganisms with their host. 27894254 7 57 theme lipid 1533:1537 arg1 biosynthesis 1550:1561 lipid and glycan biosynthesis 1533:1561 biosynthesis 1550:1561 Moreover, microbial genome functional analysis showed that the gut microbiota was involved in pathways that are associated with fat metabolism such as lipid and glycan biosynthesis, as well as amino acid and energy metabolism. 27894254 9 58 theme relative 2017:2024 arg1 abundance 2026:2034 its relative abundance 2013:2034 its relative abundance in microbial taxa 2013:2052 CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that long-term divergent selection not only alters the composition of the gut microbiota, but also influences its functional performance by enriching its relative abundance in microbial taxa. 27894254 6 59 theme host 1227:1230 arg1 alleles 1232:1238 host alleles 1227:1238 host alleles 1227:1238 Differences between the two lines in the frequency of host alleles at loci that influence accumulation of abdominal fat were associated with differences in the abundance and composition of the gut microbiota. 27894254 8 60 theme signaling 1692:1700 arg1 pathways 1702:1709 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways 1642:1709 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways that play important roles in lipid storage and metabolism 1642:1767 Interestingly, citrate cycle and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways that play important roles in lipid storage and metabolism were more prevalent in the fat line than in the lean line. 27894254 3 61 theme 4.5-fold 832:839 arg1 increase 841:848 a 4.5-fold increase 830:848 a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line 830:864 RESULTS To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. 27894254 3 62 theme fat 796:798 arg1 weight 804:809 abdominal fat pad weight 786:809 abdominal fat pad weight 786:809 RESULTS To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. 27894254 9 63 from abundance 2026:2034 arg1 taxa 2049:2052 microbial taxa 2039:2052 microbial taxa 2039:2052 CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that long-term divergent selection not only alters the composition of the gut microbiota, but also influences its functional performance by enriching its relative abundance in microbial taxa. 27894254 3 64 theme host 605:608 arg1 phenotype 588:596 the metabolic phenotype 574:596 the metabolic phenotype of the host 574:608 RESULTS To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. 27894254 7 65 theme fat 1510:1512 arg1 metabolism 1514:1523 fat metabolism 1510:1523 fat metabolism such as lipid and glycan biosynthesis, as well as amino acid and energy metabolism 1510:1606 Moreover, microbial genome functional analysis showed that the gut microbiota was involved in pathways that are associated with fat metabolism such as lipid and glycan biosynthesis, as well as amino acid and energy metabolism. 27894254 6 66 theme fat 1289:1291 arg1 accumulation 1263:1274 accumulation 1263:1274 accumulation of abdominal fat 1263:1291 Differences between the two lines in the frequency of host alleles at loci that influence accumulation of abdominal fat were associated with differences in the abundance and composition of the gut microbiota. 27894254 0 67 theme gut 94:96 arg1 microbiota 98:107 chicken gut microbiota 86:107 chicken gut microbiota 86:107 Divergent selection-induced obesity alters the composition and functional pathways of chicken gut microbiota. 27894254 8 68 theme important 1721:1729 arg1 roles 1731:1735 important roles 1721:1735 important roles 1721:1735 Interestingly, citrate cycle and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways that play important roles in lipid storage and metabolism were more prevalent in the fat line than in the lean line. 27894254 1 69 theme complex 166:172 arg1 network 193:199 a complex and vast microbial network 164:199 a complex and vast microbial network 164:199 BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal tract is populated by a complex and vast microbial network, with a composition that reflects the relationships of the symbiosis, co-metabolism, and co-evolution of these microorganisms with their host. 27894254 3 70 theme fat 857:859 arg1 line 861:864 the fat line 853:864 the fat line 853:864 RESULTS To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. 27894254 4 71 theme Fusobacteria 939:950 arg1 proportions 924:934 the proportions 920:934 the proportions of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria 920:969 Our analysis revealed that the proportions of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria differed significantly between the two lines (8 vs. 18% and 33 vs. 24%, respectively) at the phylum level. 27894254 6 72 from differences 1314:1324 arg1 composition 1347:1357 composition 1347:1357 composition 1347:1357 Differences between the two lines in the frequency of host alleles at loci that influence accumulation of abdominal fat were associated with differences in the abundance and composition of the gut microbiota. 27894254 6 72 from differences 1314:1324 arg1 abundance 1333:1341 abundance 1333:1341 abundance 1333:1341 Differences between the two lines in the frequency of host alleles at loci that influence accumulation of abdominal fat were associated with differences in the abundance and composition of the gut microbiota. 27894254 10 73 theme genetic 2141:2147 arg1 level 2149:2153 the genetic level 2137:2153 the genetic level 2137:2153 These results support the hypothesis that the host and gut microbiota interact at the genetic level and that these interactions result in their co-evolution. 27894254 9 74 theme microbiota 1941:1950 arg1 composition 1918:1928 the composition 1914:1928 the composition of the gut microbiota 1914:1950 CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that long-term divergent selection not only alters the composition of the gut microbiota, but also influences its functional performance by enriching its relative abundance in microbial taxa. 27894254 6 75 theme abdominal 1279:1287 arg1 fat 1289:1291 abdominal fat 1279:1291 abdominal fat 1279:1291 Differences between the two lines in the frequency of host alleles at loci that influence accumulation of abdominal fat were associated with differences in the abundance and composition of the gut microbiota. 27894254 0 76 theme selection-induced 10:26 arg1 obesity 28:34 Divergent selection-induced obesity 0:34 Divergent selection-induced obesity 0:34 Divergent selection-induced obesity alters the composition and functional pathways of chicken gut microbiota. 27894254 8 77 from line 1800:1803 arg1 prevalent 1779:1787 prevalent 1779:1787 prevalent 1779:1787 Interestingly, citrate cycle and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways that play important roles in lipid storage and metabolism were more prevalent in the fat line than in the lean line. 27894254 6 78 from loci 1243:1246 arg1 Differences 1173:1183 Differences 1173:1183 Differences between the two lines in the frequency of host alleles at loci that influence accumulation of abdominal fat 1173:1291 Differences between the two lines in the frequency of host alleles at loci that influence accumulation of abdominal fat were associated with differences in the abundance and composition of the gut microbiota. 27894254 6 78 from loci 1243:1246 arg1 frequency 1214:1222 the frequency 1210:1222 the frequency of host alleles at loci that influence accumulation of abdominal fat 1210:1291 Differences between the two lines in the frequency of host alleles at loci that influence accumulation of abdominal fat were associated with differences in the abundance and composition of the gut microbiota. 27894254 6 79 dep abundance 1333:1341 arg1 the 1329:1331 the 1329:1331 the 1329:1331 Differences between the two lines in the frequency of host alleles at loci that influence accumulation of abdominal fat were associated with differences in the abundance and composition of the gut microbiota. 27894254 7 80 theme energy 1590:1595 arg1 metabolism 1597:1606 energy metabolism 1590:1606 energy metabolism 1590:1606 Moreover, microbial genome functional analysis showed that the gut microbiota was involved in pathways that are associated with fat metabolism such as lipid and glycan biosynthesis, as well as amino acid and energy metabolism. 27894254 9 81 theme functional 1977:1986 arg1 performance 1988:1998 its functional performance 1973:1998 its functional performance 1973:1998 CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that long-term divergent selection not only alters the composition of the gut microbiota, but also influences its functional performance by enriching its relative abundance in microbial taxa. 27894254 10 82 dep host 2101:2104 arg1 microbiota 2114:2123 microbiota 2114:2123 microbiota 2114:2123 These results support the hypothesis that the host and gut microbiota interact at the genetic level and that these interactions result in their co-evolution. 27894254 10 82 dep host 2101:2104 arg1 the 2097:2099 the 2097:2099 the 2097:2099 These results support the hypothesis that the host and gut microbiota interact at the genetic level and that these interactions result in their co-evolution. 27894254 4 83 theme Proteobacteria 956:969 arg1 proportions 924:934 the proportions 920:934 the proportions of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria 920:969 Our analysis revealed that the proportions of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria differed significantly between the two lines (8 vs. 18% and 33 vs. 24%, respectively) at the phylum level. 27894254 0 84 theme functional 63:72 arg1 pathways 74:81 functional pathways 63:81 functional pathways 63:81 Divergent selection-induced obesity alters the composition and functional pathways of chicken gut microbiota. 27894254 3 85 dep chickens 709:716 arg1 lean 727:730 lean 727:730 lean 727:730 RESULTS To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. 27894254 3 85 dep chickens 709:716 arg1 fat 719:721 fat 719:721 fat 719:721 RESULTS To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. 27894254 0 86 dep composition 47:57 arg1 the 43:45 the 43:45 the 43:45 Divergent selection-induced obesity alters the composition and functional pathways of chicken gut microbiota. 27894254 1 87 with co-metabolism 271:283 arg1 host 338:341 their host 332:341 their host 332:341 BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal tract is populated by a complex and vast microbial network, with a composition that reflects the relationships of the symbiosis, co-metabolism, and co-evolution of these microorganisms with their host. 27894254 2 88 theme such 373:376 arg1 interactions 378:389 such interactions 373:389 such interactions between the genetics of the host and gut microbiota 373:441 The mechanism that underlies such interactions between the genetics of the host and gut microbiota remains elusive. 27894254 1 89 with symbiosis 260:268 arg1 host 338:341 their host 332:341 their host 332:341 BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal tract is populated by a complex and vast microbial network, with a composition that reflects the relationships of the symbiosis, co-metabolism, and co-evolution of these microorganisms with their host. 27894254 3 90 theme taxa 650:653 arg1 performance 676:686 their functional performance 659:686 their functional performance 659:686 RESULTS To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. 27894254 3 90 theme taxa 650:653 arg1 abundance 627:635 the abundance 623:635 the abundance of microbial taxa 623:653 RESULTS To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. 27894254 3 91 theme gut 527:529 arg1 microbiota 531:540 the gut microbiota 523:540 the gut microbiota 523:540 RESULTS To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. 27894254 5 92 theme host 1158:1161 arg1 genotype 1163:1170 the host genotype 1154:1170 the host genotype 1154:1170 Eight bacterial genera and 11 species were also substantially influenced by the host genotype. 27894254 9 93 theme microbial 2039:2047 arg1 taxa 2049:2052 microbial taxa 2039:2052 microbial taxa 2039:2052 CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that long-term divergent selection not only alters the composition of the gut microbiota, but also influences its functional performance by enriching its relative abundance in microbial taxa. 27894254 6 94 theme microbiota 1370:1379 arg1 composition 1347:1357 composition 1347:1357 composition 1347:1357 Differences between the two lines in the frequency of host alleles at loci that influence accumulation of abdominal fat were associated with differences in the abundance and composition of the gut microbiota. 27894254 6 94 theme microbiota 1370:1379 arg1 abundance 1333:1341 abundance 1333:1341 abundance 1333:1341 Differences between the two lines in the frequency of host alleles at loci that influence accumulation of abdominal fat were associated with differences in the abundance and composition of the gut microbiota. 26418613 7 0 theme nonstimulated 1704:1716 arg1 counterparts 1718:1729 their nonstimulated counterparts 1698:1729 their nonstimulated counterparts 1698:1729 Additionally, PEF stimulated hMSCs had also displayed different morphological characteristics as their nonstimulated counterparts. 26418613 7 0 theme nonstimulated 1704:1716 arg1 characteristics 1679:1693 different morphological characteristics 1655:1693 different morphological characteristics 1655:1693 Additionally, PEF stimulated hMSCs had also displayed different morphological characteristics as their nonstimulated counterparts. 26418613 9 1 theme Runt-related 2048:2059 arg1 factor 2075:2080 Runt-related transcription factor 2 2048:2082 Runt-related transcription factor 2 2048:2082 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 1 2 theme mesenchymal 257:267 arg1 cell 274:277 mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation 257:311 mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation 257:311 The influences of physical stimuli such as surface elasticity, topography, and chemistry over mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation are well investigated. 26418613 8 3 theme activity 1768:1775 arg1 onset 1755:1759 earlier onset 1747:1759 earlier onset of ALP activity 1747:1775 Concomitantly, earlier onset of ALP activity was also observed on PANI/Coll/sHya substrates and resulted in more calcium deposition. 26418613 5 4 dep analysis 1216:1223 arg1 basis 1198:1202 basis 1198:1202 basis 1198:1202 On the basis of critical analysis over an array of end points, it was inferred that Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates had enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture, even in the absence of PEF stimulation. 26418613 5 4 dep analysis 1216:1223 arg1 the 1194:1196 the 1194:1196 the 1194:1196 On the basis of critical analysis over an array of end points, it was inferred that Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates had enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture, even in the absence of PEF stimulation. 26418613 10 5 theme parameters 2279:2288 arg1 interplay 2257:2265 the interplay 2253:2265 the interplay of multiple parameters such as substrate conductivity, electric field stimulation, and aECM coating on the modulation of hMSC proliferation and differentiation in vitro 2253:2434 Taken together, our experimental results illustrate the interplay of multiple parameters such as substrate conductivity, electric field stimulation, and aECM coating on the modulation of hMSC proliferation and differentiation in vitro. 26418613 1 6 theme physical 181:188 arg1 stimuli 190:196 physical stimuli 181:196 physical stimuli such as surface elasticity, topography, and chemistry 181:250 The influences of physical stimuli such as surface elasticity, topography, and chemistry over mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation are well investigated. 26418613 1 6 theme physical 181:188 arg1 topography 226:235 topography 226:235 topography 226:235 The influences of physical stimuli such as surface elasticity, topography, and chemistry over mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation are well investigated. 26418613 1 6 theme physical 181:188 arg1 chemistry 242:250 chemistry 242:250 chemistry 242:250 The influences of physical stimuli such as surface elasticity, topography, and chemistry over mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation are well investigated. 26418613 1 6 theme physical 181:188 arg1 elasticity 214:223 surface elasticity 206:223 surface elasticity 206:223 The influences of physical stimuli such as surface elasticity, topography, and chemistry over mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation are well investigated. 26418613 4 7 theme pulsed 1090:1095 arg1 PEF 1113:1115 PEF 1113:1115 PEF 1113:1115 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 4 7 theme pulsed 1090:1095 arg1 field 1106:1110 pulsed electric field 1090:1110 pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days 1090:1188 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 10 8 theme differentiation 2411:2425 arg1 modulation 2374:2383 the modulation 2370:2383 the modulation of hMSC proliferation and differentiation in vitro 2370:2434 Taken together, our experimental results illustrate the interplay of multiple parameters such as substrate conductivity, electric field stimulation, and aECM coating on the modulation of hMSC proliferation and differentiation in vitro. 26418613 3 9 theme sulfated 768:775 arg1 sHya 789:792 sHya 789:792 sHya 789:792 For this, conducting polyaniline (PANI) substrates were coated with collagen type 1 (Coll) alone or in association with sulfated hyaluronan (sHya) to form artificial extracellular matrix (aECM), which mimics the native microenvironment of bone tissue. 26418613 3 9 theme sulfated 768:775 arg1 hyaluronan 777:786 sulfated hyaluronan 768:786 sulfated hyaluronan (sHya) 768:793 For this, conducting polyaniline (PANI) substrates were coated with collagen type 1 (Coll) alone or in association with sulfated hyaluronan (sHya) to form artificial extracellular matrix (aECM), which mimics the native microenvironment of bone tissue. 26418613 5 10 theme proliferative 1338:1350 arg1 capacity 1352:1359 enhanced proliferative capacity 1329:1359 enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture 1329:1393 On the basis of critical analysis over an array of end points, it was inferred that Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates had enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture, even in the absence of PEF stimulation. 26418613 2 11 theme pulses 573:578 arg1 composition 493:503 defined chemical composition 476:503 defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment 476:532 In this context, a fundamentally different approach was adopted, and we have demonstrated the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity, defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment, and intermittent delivery of electric pulses to drive mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteogenesis. 26418613 2 11 theme pulses 573:578 arg1 delivery 552:559 intermittent delivery 539:559 intermittent delivery of electric pulses 539:578 In this context, a fundamentally different approach was adopted, and we have demonstrated the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity, defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment, and intermittent delivery of electric pulses to drive mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteogenesis. 26418613 2 11 theme pulses 573:578 arg1 interplay 430:438 the interplay 426:438 the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity 426:473 In this context, a fundamentally different approach was adopted, and we have demonstrated the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity, defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment, and intermittent delivery of electric pulses to drive mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteogenesis. 26418613 4 12 theme derived 921:927 arg1 hMSCs 959:963 hMSCs 959:963 hMSCs 959:963 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 4 12 theme derived 921:927 arg1 cells 952:956 bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells 909:956 bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 909:964 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 4 13 theme PANI 1044:1047 arg1 substrates 1049:1058 these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates 983:1058 these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates 983:1058 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 0 14 theme Mesenchymal 130:140 arg1 Cells 147:151 Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells 124:151 Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells 124:151 Interplay of Substrate Conductivity, Cellular Microenvironment, and Pulsatile Electrical Stimulation toward Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro. 26418613 1 15 theme surface 206:212 arg1 elasticity 214:223 surface elasticity 206:223 surface elasticity 206:223 The influences of physical stimuli such as surface elasticity, topography, and chemistry over mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation are well investigated. 26418613 5 16 from days 1379:1382 arg1 culture 1387:1393 culture 1387:1393 culture 1387:1393 On the basis of critical analysis over an array of end points, it was inferred that Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates had enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture, even in the absence of PEF stimulation. 26418613 4 17 theme mesenchymal 935:945 arg1 hMSCs 959:963 hMSCs 959:963 hMSCs 959:963 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 4 17 theme mesenchymal 935:945 arg1 cells 952:956 bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells 909:956 bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 909:964 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 6 18 theme osteogenic 1554:1563 arg1 potential 1581:1589 osteogenic differentiation potential 1554:1589 osteogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs 1554:1598 On the contrary, the adopted PEF stimulation protocol (7 ms rectangular pulses, 3.6 mV/cm, 10 Hz) is shown to enhance osteogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs. 26418613 0 19 theme Cells 147:151 arg1 Osteogenesis 108:119 Osteogenesis 108:119 Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells 108:151 Interplay of Substrate Conductivity, Cellular Microenvironment, and Pulsatile Electrical Stimulation toward Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro. 26418613 2 20 theme stem 601:604 arg1 differentiation 611:625 mesenchymal stem cell differentiation 589:625 mesenchymal stem cell differentiation 589:625 In this context, a fundamentally different approach was adopted, and we have demonstrated the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity, defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment, and intermittent delivery of electric pulses to drive mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteogenesis. 26418613 7 21 theme PEF 1615:1617 arg1 hMSCs 1630:1634 PEF stimulated hMSCs 1615:1634 PEF stimulated hMSCs 1615:1634 Additionally, PEF stimulated hMSCs had also displayed different morphological characteristics as their nonstimulated counterparts. 26418613 8 22 theme earlier 1747:1753 arg1 onset 1755:1759 earlier onset 1747:1759 earlier onset of ALP activity 1747:1775 Concomitantly, earlier onset of ALP activity was also observed on PANI/Coll/sHya substrates and resulted in more calcium deposition. 26418613 4 23 theme bone 909:912 arg1 hMSCs 959:963 hMSCs 959:963 hMSCs 959:963 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 4 23 theme bone 909:912 arg1 cells 952:956 bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells 909:956 bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 909:964 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 1 24 dep cell 274:277 arg1 differentiation 297:311 differentiation 297:311 differentiation 297:311 The influences of physical stimuli such as surface elasticity, topography, and chemistry over mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation are well investigated. 26418613 1 24 dep cell 274:277 arg1 proliferation 279:291 proliferation 279:291 proliferation 279:291 The influences of physical stimuli such as surface elasticity, topography, and chemistry over mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation are well investigated. 26418613 4 25 theme transformer-like 1136:1151 arg1 approach 1168:1175 transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach 1136:1175 transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach 1136:1175 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 3 26 theme extracellular 814:826 arg1 aECM 836:839 aECM 836:839 aECM 836:839 For this, conducting polyaniline (PANI) substrates were coated with collagen type 1 (Coll) alone or in association with sulfated hyaluronan (sHya) to form artificial extracellular matrix (aECM), which mimics the native microenvironment of bone tissue. 26418613 3 26 theme extracellular 814:826 arg1 matrix 828:833 artificial extracellular matrix 803:833 artificial extracellular matrix (aECM) 803:840 For this, conducting polyaniline (PANI) substrates were coated with collagen type 1 (Coll) alone or in association with sulfated hyaluronan (sHya) to form artificial extracellular matrix (aECM), which mimics the native microenvironment of bone tissue. 26418613 9 27 theme polymerase 1885:1894 arg1 reaction 1902:1909 real-time polymerase chain reaction 1875:1909 real-time polymerase chain reaction results 1875:1917 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 3 28 theme polyaniline 669:679 arg1 substrates 688:697 conducting polyaniline (PANI) substrates 658:697 conducting polyaniline (PANI) substrates 658:697 For this, conducting polyaniline (PANI) substrates were coated with collagen type 1 (Coll) alone or in association with sulfated hyaluronan (sHya) to form artificial extracellular matrix (aECM), which mimics the native microenvironment of bone tissue. 26418613 6 29 theme PEF 1465:1467 arg1 protocol 1481:1488 the adopted PEF stimulation protocol 1453:1488 the adopted PEF stimulation protocol (7 ms rectangular pulses, 3.6 mV/cm, 10 Hz) 1453:1532 On the contrary, the adopted PEF stimulation protocol (7 ms rectangular pulses, 3.6 mV/cm, 10 Hz) is shown to enhance osteogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs. 26418613 10 30 theme electric 2322:2329 arg1 stimulation 2337:2347 electric field stimulation 2322:2347 electric field stimulation 2322:2347 Taken together, our experimental results illustrate the interplay of multiple parameters such as substrate conductivity, electric field stimulation, and aECM coating on the modulation of hMSC proliferation and differentiation in vitro. 26418613 9 31 theme reaction 1902:1909 arg1 results 1911:1917 real-time polymerase chain reaction results 1875:1917 real-time polymerase chain reaction results 1875:1917 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 3 32 theme native 860:865 arg1 microenvironment 867:882 the native microenvironment 856:882 the native microenvironment of bone tissue 856:897 For this, conducting polyaniline (PANI) substrates were coated with collagen type 1 (Coll) alone or in association with sulfated hyaluronan (sHya) to form artificial extracellular matrix (aECM), which mimics the native microenvironment of bone tissue. 26418613 6 33 dep protocol 1481:1488 arg1 pulses 1508:1513 7 ms rectangular pulses 1491:1513 7 ms rectangular pulses 1491:1513 On the contrary, the adopted PEF stimulation protocol (7 ms rectangular pulses, 3.6 mV/cm, 10 Hz) is shown to enhance osteogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs. 26418613 6 33 dep protocol 1481:1488 arg1 mV/cm 1520:1524 3.6 mV/cm 1516:1524 3.6 mV/cm 1516:1524 On the contrary, the adopted PEF stimulation protocol (7 ms rectangular pulses, 3.6 mV/cm, 10 Hz) is shown to enhance osteogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs. 26418613 6 33 dep protocol 1481:1488 arg1 Hz 1530:1531 10 Hz 1527:1531 10 Hz 1527:1531 On the contrary, the adopted PEF stimulation protocol (7 ms rectangular pulses, 3.6 mV/cm, 10 Hz) is shown to enhance osteogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs. 26418613 2 34 theme cellular 508:515 arg1 microenvironment 517:532 cellular microenvironment 508:532 cellular microenvironment 508:532 In this context, a fundamentally different approach was adopted, and we have demonstrated the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity, defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment, and intermittent delivery of electric pulses to drive mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteogenesis. 26418613 10 35 theme multiple 2270:2277 arg1 parameters 2279:2288 multiple parameters 2270:2288 multiple parameters such as substrate conductivity, electric field stimulation, and aECM coating 2270:2365 Taken together, our experimental results illustrate the interplay of multiple parameters such as substrate conductivity, electric field stimulation, and aECM coating on the modulation of hMSC proliferation and differentiation in vitro. 26418613 10 35 theme multiple 2270:2277 arg1 coating 2359:2365 aECM coating 2354:2365 aECM coating 2354:2365 Taken together, our experimental results illustrate the interplay of multiple parameters such as substrate conductivity, electric field stimulation, and aECM coating on the modulation of hMSC proliferation and differentiation in vitro. 26418613 10 35 theme multiple 2270:2277 arg1 conductivity 2308:2319 substrate conductivity 2298:2319 substrate conductivity 2298:2319 Taken together, our experimental results illustrate the interplay of multiple parameters such as substrate conductivity, electric field stimulation, and aECM coating on the modulation of hMSC proliferation and differentiation in vitro. 26418613 10 35 theme multiple 2270:2277 arg1 stimulation 2337:2347 electric field stimulation 2322:2347 electric field stimulation 2322:2347 Taken together, our experimental results illustrate the interplay of multiple parameters such as substrate conductivity, electric field stimulation, and aECM coating on the modulation of hMSC proliferation and differentiation in vitro. 26418613 0 36 theme Electrical 78:87 arg1 Stimulation 89:99 Pulsatile Electrical Stimulation 68:99 Pulsatile Electrical Stimulation 68:99 Interplay of Substrate Conductivity, Cellular Microenvironment, and Pulsatile Electrical Stimulation toward Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro. 26418613 9 37 theme mRNA 1936:1939 arg1 levels 1941:1946 higher mRNA levels 1929:1946 higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin 1929:1986 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 2 38 theme intermittent 539:550 arg1 delivery 552:559 intermittent delivery 539:559 intermittent delivery of electric pulses 539:578 In this context, a fundamentally different approach was adopted, and we have demonstrated the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity, defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment, and intermittent delivery of electric pulses to drive mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteogenesis. 26418613 6 39 theme hMSCs 1594:1598 arg1 potential 1581:1589 osteogenic differentiation potential 1554:1589 osteogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs 1554:1598 On the contrary, the adopted PEF stimulation protocol (7 ms rectangular pulses, 3.6 mV/cm, 10 Hz) is shown to enhance osteogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs. 26418613 3 40 with association 751:761 arg1 sHya 789:792 sHya 789:792 sHya 789:792 For this, conducting polyaniline (PANI) substrates were coated with collagen type 1 (Coll) alone or in association with sulfated hyaluronan (sHya) to form artificial extracellular matrix (aECM), which mimics the native microenvironment of bone tissue. 26418613 3 40 with association 751:761 arg1 hyaluronan 777:786 sulfated hyaluronan 768:786 sulfated hyaluronan (sHya) 768:793 For this, conducting polyaniline (PANI) substrates were coated with collagen type 1 (Coll) alone or in association with sulfated hyaluronan (sHya) to form artificial extracellular matrix (aECM), which mimics the native microenvironment of bone tissue. 26418613 2 41 theme conductivity 462:473 arg1 composition 493:503 defined chemical composition 476:503 defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment 476:532 In this context, a fundamentally different approach was adopted, and we have demonstrated the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity, defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment, and intermittent delivery of electric pulses to drive mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteogenesis. 26418613 2 41 theme conductivity 462:473 arg1 delivery 552:559 intermittent delivery 539:559 intermittent delivery of electric pulses 539:578 In this context, a fundamentally different approach was adopted, and we have demonstrated the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity, defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment, and intermittent delivery of electric pulses to drive mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteogenesis. 26418613 2 41 theme conductivity 462:473 arg1 interplay 430:438 the interplay 426:438 the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity 426:473 In this context, a fundamentally different approach was adopted, and we have demonstrated the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity, defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment, and intermittent delivery of electric pulses to drive mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteogenesis. 26418613 9 42 theme phosphatase 1960:1970 arg1 levels 1941:1946 higher mRNA levels 1929:1946 higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin 1929:1986 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 6 43 theme rectangular 1496:1506 arg1 pulses 1508:1513 7 ms rectangular pulses 1491:1513 7 ms rectangular pulses 1491:1513 On the contrary, the adopted PEF stimulation protocol (7 ms rectangular pulses, 3.6 mV/cm, 10 Hz) is shown to enhance osteogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs. 26418613 6 43 theme rectangular 1496:1506 arg1 mV/cm 1520:1524 3.6 mV/cm 1516:1524 3.6 mV/cm 1516:1524 On the contrary, the adopted PEF stimulation protocol (7 ms rectangular pulses, 3.6 mV/cm, 10 Hz) is shown to enhance osteogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs. 26418613 6 43 theme rectangular 1496:1506 arg1 Hz 1530:1531 10 Hz 1527:1531 10 Hz 1527:1531 On the contrary, the adopted PEF stimulation protocol (7 ms rectangular pulses, 3.6 mV/cm, 10 Hz) is shown to enhance osteogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs. 26418613 2 44 theme inherent 443:450 arg1 conductivity 462:473 inherent substrate conductivity 443:473 inherent substrate conductivity 443:473 In this context, a fundamentally different approach was adopted, and we have demonstrated the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity, defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment, and intermittent delivery of electric pulses to drive mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteogenesis. 26418613 7 45 theme morphological 1665:1677 arg1 counterparts 1718:1729 their nonstimulated counterparts 1698:1729 their nonstimulated counterparts 1698:1729 Additionally, PEF stimulated hMSCs had also displayed different morphological characteristics as their nonstimulated counterparts. 26418613 7 45 theme morphological 1665:1677 arg1 characteristics 1679:1693 different morphological characteristics 1655:1693 different morphological characteristics 1655:1693 Additionally, PEF stimulated hMSCs had also displayed different morphological characteristics as their nonstimulated counterparts. 26418613 0 46 theme Substrate 13:21 arg1 Conductivity 23:34 Substrate Conductivity 13:34 Substrate Conductivity 13:34 Interplay of Substrate Conductivity, Cellular Microenvironment, and Pulsatile Electrical Stimulation toward Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro. 26418613 8 47 located observed 1786:1793 arg2 onset 1755:1759 earlier onset 1747:1759 earlier onset of ALP activity 1747:1775 Concomitantly, earlier onset of ALP activity was also observed on PANI/Coll/sHya substrates and resulted in more calcium deposition. 26418613 8 47 located observed 1786:1793 arg1 substrates 1813:1822 PANI/Coll/sHya substrates 1798:1822 PANI/Coll/sHya substrates 1798:1822 Concomitantly, earlier onset of ALP activity was also observed on PANI/Coll/sHya substrates and resulted in more calcium deposition. 26418613 10 48 theme proliferation 2393:2405 arg1 modulation 2374:2383 the modulation 2370:2383 the modulation of hMSC proliferation and differentiation in vitro 2370:2434 Taken together, our experimental results illustrate the interplay of multiple parameters such as substrate conductivity, electric field stimulation, and aECM coating on the modulation of hMSC proliferation and differentiation in vitro. 26418613 5 49 theme points 1246:1251 arg1 array 1233:1237 an array 1230:1237 an array of end points 1230:1251 On the basis of critical analysis over an array of end points, it was inferred that Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates had enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture, even in the absence of PEF stimulation. 26418613 10 50 theme hMSC 2388:2391 arg1 proliferation 2393:2405 hMSC proliferation 2388:2405 hMSC proliferation 2388:2405 Taken together, our experimental results illustrate the interplay of multiple parameters such as substrate conductivity, electric field stimulation, and aECM coating on the modulation of hMSC proliferation and differentiation in vitro. 26418613 2 51 theme defined 476:482 arg1 composition 493:503 defined chemical composition 476:503 defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment 476:532 In this context, a fundamentally different approach was adopted, and we have demonstrated the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity, defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment, and intermittent delivery of electric pulses to drive mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteogenesis. 26418613 5 52 theme PANI/Coll/sHya 1298:1311 arg1 substrates 1314:1323 Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates 1275:1323 Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates 1275:1323 On the basis of critical analysis over an array of end points, it was inferred that Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates had enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture, even in the absence of PEF stimulation. 26418613 0 53 theme Microenvironment 46:61 arg1 Interplay 0:8 Interplay 0:8 Interplay of Substrate Conductivity, Cellular Microenvironment, and Pulsatile Electrical Stimulation toward Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro 0:160 Interplay of Substrate Conductivity, Cellular Microenvironment, and Pulsatile Electrical Stimulation toward Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro. 26418613 5 54 theme PEF 1419:1421 arg1 stimulation 1423:1433 PEF stimulation 1419:1433 PEF stimulation 1419:1433 On the basis of critical analysis over an array of end points, it was inferred that Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates had enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture, even in the absence of PEF stimulation. 26418613 3 55 theme collagen 716:723 arg1 type 725:728 collagen type 1 716:730 collagen type 1 (Coll) alone or in association with sulfated hyaluronan (sHya) 716:793 For this, conducting polyaniline (PANI) substrates were coated with collagen type 1 (Coll) alone or in association with sulfated hyaluronan (sHya) to form artificial extracellular matrix (aECM), which mimics the native microenvironment of bone tissue. 26418613 3 55 theme collagen 716:723 arg1 Coll 733:736 Coll 733:736 Coll 733:736 For this, conducting polyaniline (PANI) substrates were coated with collagen type 1 (Coll) alone or in association with sulfated hyaluronan (sHya) to form artificial extracellular matrix (aECM), which mimics the native microenvironment of bone tissue. 26418613 9 56 theme markers 2032:2038 arg1 expression 2001:2010 the expression 1997:2010 the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin 1997:2106 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 5 57 theme Coll/sHya 1275:1283 arg1 substrates 1314:1323 Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates 1275:1323 Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates 1275:1323 On the basis of critical analysis over an array of end points, it was inferred that Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates had enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture, even in the absence of PEF stimulation. 26418613 10 58 from interplay 2257:2265 arg1 modulation 2374:2383 the modulation 2370:2383 the modulation of hMSC proliferation and differentiation in vitro 2370:2434 Taken together, our experimental results illustrate the interplay of multiple parameters such as substrate conductivity, electric field stimulation, and aECM coating on the modulation of hMSC proliferation and differentiation in vitro. 26418613 4 59 link derived 921:927 arg1 hMSCs 959:963 hMSCs 959:963 hMSCs 959:963 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 4 59 link derived 921:927 arg1 cells 952:956 bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells 909:956 bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 909:964 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 8 60 theme ALP 1764:1766 arg1 activity 1768:1775 ALP activity 1764:1775 ALP activity 1764:1775 Concomitantly, earlier onset of ALP activity was also observed on PANI/Coll/sHya substrates and resulted in more calcium deposition. 26418613 5 61 theme PANI 1292:1295 arg1 substrates 1314:1323 Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates 1275:1323 Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates 1275:1323 On the basis of critical analysis over an array of end points, it was inferred that Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates had enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture, even in the absence of PEF stimulation. 26418613 2 62 theme different 369:377 arg1 approach 379:386 a fundamentally different approach 353:386 a fundamentally different approach 353:386 In this context, a fundamentally different approach was adopted, and we have demonstrated the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity, defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment, and intermittent delivery of electric pulses to drive mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteogenesis. 26418613 9 63 theme osteocalcin 1976:1986 arg1 levels 1941:1946 higher mRNA levels 1929:1946 higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin 1929:1986 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 9 64 theme transcription 2061:2073 arg1 factor 2075:2080 Runt-related transcription factor 2 2048:2082 Runt-related transcription factor 2 2048:2082 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 5 65 theme hMSCs 1364:1368 arg1 capacity 1352:1359 enhanced proliferative capacity 1329:1359 enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture 1329:1393 On the basis of critical analysis over an array of end points, it was inferred that Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates had enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture, even in the absence of PEF stimulation. 26418613 1 66 theme stem 269:272 arg1 cell 274:277 mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation 257:311 mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation 257:311 The influences of physical stimuli such as surface elasticity, topography, and chemistry over mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation are well investigated. 26418613 5 67 dep stimulation 1423:1433 arg1 absence 1408:1414 absence 1408:1414 absence 1408:1414 On the basis of critical analysis over an array of end points, it was inferred that Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates had enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture, even in the absence of PEF stimulation. 26418613 5 67 dep stimulation 1423:1433 arg1 the 1404:1406 the 1404:1406 the 1404:1406 On the basis of critical analysis over an array of end points, it was inferred that Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates had enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture, even in the absence of PEF stimulation. 26418613 7 68 theme different 1655:1663 arg1 counterparts 1718:1729 their nonstimulated counterparts 1698:1729 their nonstimulated counterparts 1698:1729 Additionally, PEF stimulated hMSCs had also displayed different morphological characteristics as their nonstimulated counterparts. 26418613 7 68 theme different 1655:1663 arg1 characteristics 1679:1693 different morphological characteristics 1655:1693 different morphological characteristics 1655:1693 Additionally, PEF stimulated hMSCs had also displayed different morphological characteristics as their nonstimulated counterparts. 26418613 10 69 theme experimental 2221:2232 arg1 results 2234:2240 our experimental results 2217:2240 our experimental results 2217:2240 Taken together, our experimental results illustrate the interplay of multiple parameters such as substrate conductivity, electric field stimulation, and aECM coating on the modulation of hMSC proliferation and differentiation in vitro. 26418613 4 70 theme electric 1097:1104 arg1 PEF 1113:1115 PEF 1113:1115 PEF 1113:1115 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 4 70 theme electric 1097:1104 arg1 field 1106:1110 pulsed electric field 1090:1110 pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days 1090:1188 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 8 71 theme PANI/Coll/sHya 1798:1811 arg1 substrates 1813:1822 PANI/Coll/sHya substrates 1798:1822 PANI/Coll/sHya substrates 1798:1822 Concomitantly, earlier onset of ALP activity was also observed on PANI/Coll/sHya substrates and resulted in more calcium deposition. 26418613 5 72 theme enhanced 1329:1336 arg1 capacity 1352:1359 enhanced proliferative capacity 1329:1359 enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture 1329:1393 On the basis of critical analysis over an array of end points, it was inferred that Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates had enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture, even in the absence of PEF stimulation. 26418613 1 73 theme stimuli 190:196 arg1 influences 167:176 The influences 163:176 The influences of physical stimuli such as surface elasticity, topography, and chemistry over mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation 163:311 The influences of physical stimuli such as surface elasticity, topography, and chemistry over mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation are well investigated. 26418613 9 74 theme real-time 1875:1883 arg1 reaction 1902:1909 real-time polymerase chain reaction 1875:1909 real-time polymerase chain reaction results 1875:1917 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 0 75 theme Stem 142:145 arg1 Cells 147:151 Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells 124:151 Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells 124:151 Interplay of Substrate Conductivity, Cellular Microenvironment, and Pulsatile Electrical Stimulation toward Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro. 26418613 4 76 theme marrow 914:919 arg1 hMSCs 959:963 hMSCs 959:963 hMSCs 959:963 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 4 76 theme marrow 914:919 arg1 cells 952:956 bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells 909:956 bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 909:964 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 6 77 theme differentiation 1565:1579 arg1 potential 1581:1589 osteogenic differentiation potential 1554:1589 osteogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs 1554:1598 On the contrary, the adopted PEF stimulation protocol (7 ms rectangular pulses, 3.6 mV/cm, 10 Hz) is shown to enhance osteogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs. 26418613 4 78 theme human 929:933 arg1 hMSCs 959:963 hMSCs 959:963 hMSCs 959:963 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 4 78 theme human 929:933 arg1 cells 952:956 bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells 909:956 bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 909:964 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 9 79 theme dynamic 2120:2126 arg1 pattern 2128:2134 a dynamic pattern 2118:2134 a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium 2118:2198 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 8 80 theme calcium 1845:1851 arg1 deposition 1853:1862 more calcium deposition 1840:1862 more calcium deposition 1840:1862 Concomitantly, earlier onset of ALP activity was also observed on PANI/Coll/sHya substrates and resulted in more calcium deposition. 26418613 5 81 dep days 1379:1382 arg1 up 1370:1371 up 1370:1371 up 1370:1371 On the basis of critical analysis over an array of end points, it was inferred that Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates had enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture, even in the absence of PEF stimulation. 26418613 2 82 theme cell 606:609 arg1 differentiation 611:625 mesenchymal stem cell differentiation 589:625 mesenchymal stem cell differentiation 589:625 In this context, a fundamentally different approach was adopted, and we have demonstrated the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity, defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment, and intermittent delivery of electric pulses to drive mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteogenesis. 26418613 9 83 theme other 2015:2019 arg1 osteopontin 2096:2106 osteopontin 2096:2106 osteopontin 2096:2106 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 9 83 theme other 2015:2019 arg1 Col1A 2085:2089 Col1A 2085:2089 Col1A 2085:2089 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 9 83 theme other 2015:2019 arg1 factor 2075:2080 Runt-related transcription factor 2 2048:2082 Runt-related transcription factor 2 2048:2082 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 9 83 theme other 2015:2019 arg1 markers 2032:2038 other osteogenic markers 2015:2038 other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin 2015:2106 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 4 84 theme coupling 1153:1160 arg1 approach 1168:1175 transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach 1136:1175 transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach 1136:1175 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 5 85 theme critical 1207:1214 arg1 analysis 1216:1223 critical analysis 1207:1223 critical analysis over an array of end points 1207:1251 On the basis of critical analysis over an array of end points, it was inferred that Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates had enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture, even in the absence of PEF stimulation. 26418613 9 86 theme similar 2136:2142 arg1 pattern 2128:2134 a dynamic pattern 2118:2134 a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium 2118:2198 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 3 87 theme conducting 658:667 arg1 PANI 682:685 PANI 682:685 PANI 682:685 For this, conducting polyaniline (PANI) substrates were coated with collagen type 1 (Coll) alone or in association with sulfated hyaluronan (sHya) to form artificial extracellular matrix (aECM), which mimics the native microenvironment of bone tissue. 26418613 3 87 theme conducting 658:667 arg1 polyaniline 669:679 conducting polyaniline 658:679 conducting polyaniline (PANI) substrates 658:697 For this, conducting polyaniline (PANI) substrates were coated with collagen type 1 (Coll) alone or in association with sulfated hyaluronan (sHya) to form artificial extracellular matrix (aECM), which mimics the native microenvironment of bone tissue. 26418613 6 88 theme stimulation 1469:1479 arg1 protocol 1481:1488 the adopted PEF stimulation protocol 1453:1488 the adopted PEF stimulation protocol (7 ms rectangular pulses, 3.6 mV/cm, 10 Hz) 1453:1532 On the contrary, the adopted PEF stimulation protocol (7 ms rectangular pulses, 3.6 mV/cm, 10 Hz) is shown to enhance osteogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs. 26418613 7 89 theme stimulated 1619:1628 arg1 hMSCs 1630:1634 PEF stimulated hMSCs 1615:1634 PEF stimulated hMSCs 1615:1634 Additionally, PEF stimulated hMSCs had also displayed different morphological characteristics as their nonstimulated counterparts. 26418613 2 90 theme mesenchymal 589:599 arg1 differentiation 611:625 mesenchymal stem cell differentiation 589:625 mesenchymal stem cell differentiation 589:625 In this context, a fundamentally different approach was adopted, and we have demonstrated the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity, defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment, and intermittent delivery of electric pulses to drive mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteogenesis. 26418613 9 91 theme chain 1896:1900 arg1 reaction 1902:1909 real-time polymerase chain reaction 1875:1909 real-time polymerase chain reaction results 1875:1917 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 9 92 theme control 2147:2153 arg1 cells 2155:2159 control cells 2147:2159 control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium 2147:2198 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 0 93 theme Pulsatile 68:76 arg1 Stimulation 89:99 Pulsatile Electrical Stimulation 68:99 Pulsatile Electrical Stimulation 68:99 Interplay of Substrate Conductivity, Cellular Microenvironment, and Pulsatile Electrical Stimulation toward Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro. 26418613 6 94 theme adopted 1457:1463 arg1 protocol 1481:1488 the adopted PEF stimulation protocol 1453:1488 the adopted PEF stimulation protocol (7 ms rectangular pulses, 3.6 mV/cm, 10 Hz) 1453:1532 On the contrary, the adopted PEF stimulation protocol (7 ms rectangular pulses, 3.6 mV/cm, 10 Hz) is shown to enhance osteogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs. 26418613 2 95 theme microenvironment 517:532 arg1 composition 493:503 defined chemical composition 476:503 defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment 476:532 In this context, a fundamentally different approach was adopted, and we have demonstrated the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity, defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment, and intermittent delivery of electric pulses to drive mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteogenesis. 26418613 2 95 theme microenvironment 517:532 arg1 delivery 552:559 intermittent delivery 539:559 intermittent delivery of electric pulses 539:578 In this context, a fundamentally different approach was adopted, and we have demonstrated the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity, defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment, and intermittent delivery of electric pulses to drive mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteogenesis. 26418613 2 95 theme microenvironment 517:532 arg1 interplay 430:438 the interplay 426:438 the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity 426:473 In this context, a fundamentally different approach was adopted, and we have demonstrated the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity, defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment, and intermittent delivery of electric pulses to drive mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteogenesis. 26418613 3 96 theme artificial 803:812 arg1 aECM 836:839 aECM 836:839 aECM 836:839 For this, conducting polyaniline (PANI) substrates were coated with collagen type 1 (Coll) alone or in association with sulfated hyaluronan (sHya) to form artificial extracellular matrix (aECM), which mimics the native microenvironment of bone tissue. 26418613 3 96 theme artificial 803:812 arg1 matrix 828:833 artificial extracellular matrix 803:833 artificial extracellular matrix (aECM) 803:840 For this, conducting polyaniline (PANI) substrates were coated with collagen type 1 (Coll) alone or in association with sulfated hyaluronan (sHya) to form artificial extracellular matrix (aECM), which mimics the native microenvironment of bone tissue. 26418613 0 97 theme Stimulation 89:99 arg1 Interplay 0:8 Interplay 0:8 Interplay of Substrate Conductivity, Cellular Microenvironment, and Pulsatile Electrical Stimulation toward Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro 0:160 Interplay of Substrate Conductivity, Cellular Microenvironment, and Pulsatile Electrical Stimulation toward Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro. 26418613 3 98 theme tissue 892:897 arg1 microenvironment 867:882 the native microenvironment 856:882 the native microenvironment of bone tissue 856:897 For this, conducting polyaniline (PANI) substrates were coated with collagen type 1 (Coll) alone or in association with sulfated hyaluronan (sHya) to form artificial extracellular matrix (aECM), which mimics the native microenvironment of bone tissue. 26418613 10 99 theme substrate 2298:2306 arg1 conductivity 2308:2319 substrate conductivity 2298:2319 substrate conductivity 2298:2319 Taken together, our experimental results illustrate the interplay of multiple parameters such as substrate conductivity, electric field stimulation, and aECM coating on the modulation of hMSC proliferation and differentiation in vitro. 26418613 9 100 theme higher 1929:1934 arg1 levels 1941:1946 higher mRNA levels 1929:1946 higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin 1929:1986 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 4 101 theme stem 947:950 arg1 hMSCs 959:963 hMSCs 959:963 hMSCs 959:963 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 4 101 theme stem 947:950 arg1 cells 952:956 bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells 909:956 bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 909:964 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 9 102 theme osteogenic 2182:2191 arg1 medium 2193:2198 osteogenic medium 2182:2198 osteogenic medium 2182:2198 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 0 103 theme Human 124:128 arg1 Cells 147:151 Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells 124:151 Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells 124:151 Interplay of Substrate Conductivity, Cellular Microenvironment, and Pulsatile Electrical Stimulation toward Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro. 26418613 10 104 theme field 2331:2335 arg1 stimulation 2337:2347 electric field stimulation 2322:2347 electric field stimulation 2322:2347 Taken together, our experimental results illustrate the interplay of multiple parameters such as substrate conductivity, electric field stimulation, and aECM coating on the modulation of hMSC proliferation and differentiation in vitro. 26418613 4 105 theme TLC 1163:1165 arg1 approach 1168:1175 transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach 1136:1175 transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach 1136:1175 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 4 106 dep aECM 1032:1035 arg1 conductive 1000:1009 conductive 1000:1009 conductive 1000:1009 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 4 106 dep aECM 1032:1035 arg1 S/cm 1026:1029 10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm 1012:1029 10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm 1012:1029 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 4 106 dep aECM 1032:1035 arg1 coated 1037:1042 coated 1037:1042 coated 1037:1042 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 2 107 theme substrate 452:460 arg1 conductivity 462:473 inherent substrate conductivity 443:473 inherent substrate conductivity 443:473 In this context, a fundamentally different approach was adopted, and we have demonstrated the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity, defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment, and intermittent delivery of electric pulses to drive mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteogenesis. 26418613 0 108 theme Conductivity 23:34 arg1 Interplay 0:8 Interplay 0:8 Interplay of Substrate Conductivity, Cellular Microenvironment, and Pulsatile Electrical Stimulation toward Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro 0:160 Interplay of Substrate Conductivity, Cellular Microenvironment, and Pulsatile Electrical Stimulation toward Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro. 26418613 6 109 theme ms 1493:1494 arg1 pulses 1508:1513 7 ms rectangular pulses 1491:1513 7 ms rectangular pulses 1491:1513 On the contrary, the adopted PEF stimulation protocol (7 ms rectangular pulses, 3.6 mV/cm, 10 Hz) is shown to enhance osteogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs. 26418613 6 109 theme ms 1493:1494 arg1 mV/cm 1520:1524 3.6 mV/cm 1516:1524 3.6 mV/cm 1516:1524 On the contrary, the adopted PEF stimulation protocol (7 ms rectangular pulses, 3.6 mV/cm, 10 Hz) is shown to enhance osteogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs. 26418613 6 109 theme ms 1493:1494 arg1 Hz 1530:1531 10 Hz 1527:1531 10 Hz 1527:1531 On the contrary, the adopted PEF stimulation protocol (7 ms rectangular pulses, 3.6 mV/cm, 10 Hz) is shown to enhance osteogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs. 26418613 10 110 theme aECM 2354:2357 arg1 coating 2359:2365 aECM coating 2354:2365 aECM coating 2354:2365 Taken together, our experimental results illustrate the interplay of multiple parameters such as substrate conductivity, electric field stimulation, and aECM coating on the modulation of hMSC proliferation and differentiation in vitro. 26418613 5 111 theme end 1242:1244 arg1 points 1246:1251 end points 1242:1251 end points 1242:1251 On the basis of critical analysis over an array of end points, it was inferred that Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates had enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture, even in the absence of PEF stimulation. 26418613 0 112 theme Cellular 37:44 arg1 Microenvironment 46:61 Cellular Microenvironment 37:61 Cellular Microenvironment 37:61 Interplay of Substrate Conductivity, Cellular Microenvironment, and Pulsatile Electrical Stimulation toward Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro. 26418613 2 113 theme chemical 484:491 arg1 composition 493:503 defined chemical composition 476:503 defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment 476:532 In this context, a fundamentally different approach was adopted, and we have demonstrated the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity, defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment, and intermittent delivery of electric pulses to drive mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteogenesis. 26418613 5 114 contain had 1325:1327 arg2 capacity 1352:1359 enhanced proliferative capacity 1329:1359 enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture 1329:1393 On the basis of critical analysis over an array of end points, it was inferred that Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates had enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture, even in the absence of PEF stimulation. 26418613 5 114 contain had 1325:1327 arg1 substrates 1314:1323 Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates 1275:1323 Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates 1275:1323 On the basis of critical analysis over an array of end points, it was inferred that Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates had enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture, even in the absence of PEF stimulation. 26418613 2 115 theme electric 564:571 arg1 pulses 573:578 electric pulses 564:578 electric pulses 564:578 In this context, a fundamentally different approach was adopted, and we have demonstrated the interplay of inherent substrate conductivity, defined chemical composition of cellular microenvironment, and intermittent delivery of electric pulses to drive mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteogenesis. 26418613 9 116 theme alkaline 1951:1958 arg1 phosphatase 1960:1970 alkaline phosphatase 1951:1970 alkaline phosphatase 1951:1970 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 9 117 theme osteogenic 2021:2030 arg1 osteopontin 2096:2106 osteopontin 2096:2106 osteopontin 2096:2106 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 9 117 theme osteogenic 2021:2030 arg1 Col1A 2085:2089 Col1A 2085:2089 Col1A 2085:2089 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 9 117 theme osteogenic 2021:2030 arg1 factor 2075:2080 Runt-related transcription factor 2 2048:2082 Runt-related transcription factor 2 2048:2082 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 9 117 theme osteogenic 2021:2030 arg1 markers 2032:2038 other osteogenic markers 2015:2038 other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin 2015:2106 Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, whereas the expression of other osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, Col1A, and osteopontin exhibited a dynamic pattern similar to control cells that are cultured in osteogenic medium. 26418613 4 118 theme aECM 1032:1035 arg1 substrates 1049:1058 these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates 983:1058 these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates 983:1058 Further, bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these moderately conductive (10(-4)-10(-3) S/cm) aECM coated PANI substrates and exposed intermittently to pulsed electric field (PEF) generated through transformer-like coupling (TLC) approach over 28 days. 26418613 3 119 theme bone 887:890 arg1 tissue 892:897 bone tissue 887:897 bone tissue 887:897 For this, conducting polyaniline (PANI) substrates were coated with collagen type 1 (Coll) alone or in association with sulfated hyaluronan (sHya) to form artificial extracellular matrix (aECM), which mimics the native microenvironment of bone tissue. 26418613 5 120 theme coated 1285:1290 arg1 substrates 1314:1323 Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates 1275:1323 Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates 1275:1323 On the basis of critical analysis over an array of end points, it was inferred that Coll/sHya coated PANI (PANI/Coll/sHya) substrates had enhanced proliferative capacity of hMSCs up to 28 days in culture, even in the absence of PEF stimulation. 29965114 3 0 theme steady 416:421 arg1 state 423:427 steady state 416:427 steady state 416:427 In this study, microbial communities of a pilot-scale sludge HSAD system at steady state were investigated with 16S rRNA clone library technology. 29965114 4 1 theme waste 659:663 arg1 sludge 675:680 waste activated sludge 659:680 waste activated sludge with a solid content of about 9% 659:713 The system employed an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process, i. e. 'hyperthermophilic acidogenesis (70℃, 3 d)-thermophilic methanogenesis (55℃, 12.5 d)' to treat waste activated sludge with a solid content of about 9%. 29965114 6 2 theme proteolytic 911:921 arg1 bacteria 923:930 proteolytic bacteria 911:930 proteolytic bacteria 911:930 The bacterial compositions of the two phases were significantly different:there were plenty of proteolytic bacteria in hyperthermophilic acidogenesis phase; and the bacteria degrading polysaccharides like cellulose and the bacteria utilizing long-chain fatty acids were found in thermophilic methanogenesis phase; some bacteria degrading simple saccharides existed in both phases. 29965114 4 3 theme enhanced 510:517 arg1 process 549:555 an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process 507:555 an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process 507:555 The system employed an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process, i. e. 'hyperthermophilic acidogenesis (70℃, 3 d)-thermophilic methanogenesis (55℃, 12.5 d)' to treat waste activated sludge with a solid content of about 9%. 29965114 8 4 theme archaea 1294:1300 arg1 archaea 1294:1300 the retrieved archaea 1280:1300 the retrieved archaea in the thermophilic methanogenesis phase 1280:1341 Especially, 100% of the retrieved archaea in the thermophilic methanogenesis phase belonged to genus Methanothermobacter. 29965114 8 4 theme archaea 1294:1300 arg1 % 1275:1275 100% 1272:1275 100% of the retrieved archaea in the thermophilic methanogenesis phase 1272:1341 Especially, 100% of the retrieved archaea in the thermophilic methanogenesis phase belonged to genus Methanothermobacter. 29965114 1 5 theme several 154:160 arg1 advantages 162:171 several advantages 154:171 several advantages 154:171 High-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) of sludge has several advantages like smaller reactor, lower energy consumption and less digestate. 29965114 4 6 theme hyperthermophilic 565:581 arg1 acidogenesis 583:594 hyperthermophilic acidogenesis 565:594 hyperthermophilic acidogenesis (70℃, 3 d)-thermophilic methanogenesis (55℃, 12.5 d) 565:647 The system employed an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process, i. e. 'hyperthermophilic acidogenesis (70℃, 3 d)-thermophilic methanogenesis (55℃, 12.5 d)' to treat waste activated sludge with a solid content of about 9%. 29965114 4 7 theme % 713:713 arg1 content 695:701 a solid content 687:701 a solid content of about 9% 687:713 The system employed an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process, i. e. 'hyperthermophilic acidogenesis (70℃, 3 d)-thermophilic methanogenesis (55℃, 12.5 d)' to treat waste activated sludge with a solid content of about 9%. 29965114 8 8 theme methanogenesis 1322:1335 arg1 phase 1337:1341 the thermophilic methanogenesis phase 1305:1341 the thermophilic methanogenesis phase 1305:1341 Especially, 100% of the retrieved archaea in the thermophilic methanogenesis phase belonged to genus Methanothermobacter. 29965114 3 9 theme microbial 355:363 arg1 communities 365:375 microbial communities 355:375 microbial communities of a pilot-scale sludge HSAD system at steady state 355:427 In this study, microbial communities of a pilot-scale sludge HSAD system at steady state were investigated with 16S rRNA clone library technology. 29965114 4 10 theme -thermophilic 606:618 arg1 methanogenesis 620:633 -thermophilic methanogenesis 606:633 hyperthermophilic acidogenesis (70℃, 3 d)-thermophilic methanogenesis (55℃, 12.5 d) 565:647 The system employed an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process, i. e. 'hyperthermophilic acidogenesis (70℃, 3 d)-thermophilic methanogenesis (55℃, 12.5 d)' to treat waste activated sludge with a solid content of about 9%. 29965114 7 11 from Methanothermobacter 1239:1257 arg1 phases 1205:1210 both phases 1200:1210 both phases 1200:1210 In both phases, the dominant archaea were Methanothermobacter. 29965114 9 12 theme methanogenesis 1531:1544 arg1 phase 1546:1550 the methanogenesis phase 1527:1550 the methanogenesis phase 1527:1550 This indicated that hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was the predominant methanogenesis pathway in this system since methane was only detected in the methanogenesis phase. 29965114 9 13 theme predominant 1442:1452 arg1 pathway 1469:1475 the predominant methanogenesis pathway 1438:1475 the predominant methanogenesis pathway 1438:1475 This indicated that hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was the predominant methanogenesis pathway in this system since methane was only detected in the methanogenesis phase. 29965114 9 13 theme predominant 1442:1452 arg1 methanogenesis 1419:1432 hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis 1402:1432 hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis 1402:1432 This indicated that hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was the predominant methanogenesis pathway in this system since methane was only detected in the methanogenesis phase. 29965114 8 14 from phase 1337:1341 arg1 archaea 1294:1300 the retrieved archaea 1280:1300 the retrieved archaea in the thermophilic methanogenesis phase 1280:1341 Especially, 100% of the retrieved archaea in the thermophilic methanogenesis phase belonged to genus Methanothermobacter. 29965114 8 14 from phase 1337:1341 arg1 % 1275:1275 100% 1272:1275 100% of the retrieved archaea in the thermophilic methanogenesis phase 1272:1341 Especially, 100% of the retrieved archaea in the thermophilic methanogenesis phase belonged to genus Methanothermobacter. 29965114 1 15 contain has 150:152 arg1 HSAD 134:137 HSAD 134:137 HSAD 134:137 High-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) of sludge has several advantages like smaller reactor, lower energy consumption and less digestate. 29965114 1 15 contain has 150:152 arg2 advantages 162:171 several advantages 154:171 several advantages 154:171 High-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) of sludge has several advantages like smaller reactor, lower energy consumption and less digestate. 29965114 1 15 contain has 150:152 arg1 digestion 123:131 High-solid anaerobic digestion 102:131 High-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) of sludge 102:148 High-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) of sludge has several advantages like smaller reactor, lower energy consumption and less digestate. 29965114 3 16 theme clone 461:465 arg1 technology 475:484 16S rRNA clone library technology 452:484 16S rRNA clone library technology 452:484 In this study, microbial communities of a pilot-scale sludge HSAD system at steady state were investigated with 16S rRNA clone library technology. 29965114 1 17 theme smaller 178:184 arg1 reactor 186:192 smaller reactor 178:192 smaller reactor 178:192 High-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) of sludge has several advantages like smaller reactor, lower energy consumption and less digestate. 29965114 9 18 theme hydrogenotrophic 1402:1417 arg1 pathway 1469:1475 the predominant methanogenesis pathway 1438:1475 the predominant methanogenesis pathway 1438:1475 This indicated that hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was the predominant methanogenesis pathway in this system since methane was only detected in the methanogenesis phase. 29965114 9 18 theme hydrogenotrophic 1402:1417 arg1 methanogenesis 1419:1432 hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis 1402:1432 hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis 1402:1432 This indicated that hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was the predominant methanogenesis pathway in this system since methane was only detected in the methanogenesis phase. 29965114 3 19 theme HSAD 401:404 arg1 system 406:411 a pilot-scale sludge HSAD system 380:411 a pilot-scale sludge HSAD system 380:411 In this study, microbial communities of a pilot-scale sludge HSAD system at steady state were investigated with 16S rRNA clone library technology. 29965114 3 20 theme system 406:411 arg1 communities 365:375 microbial communities 355:375 microbial communities of a pilot-scale sludge HSAD system at steady state 355:427 In this study, microbial communities of a pilot-scale sludge HSAD system at steady state were investigated with 16S rRNA clone library technology. 29965114 4 21 with sludge 675:680 arg1 content 695:701 a solid content 687:701 a solid content of about 9% 687:713 The system employed an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process, i. e. 'hyperthermophilic acidogenesis (70℃, 3 d)-thermophilic methanogenesis (55℃, 12.5 d)' to treat waste activated sludge with a solid content of about 9%. 29965114 3 22 theme pilot-scale 382:392 arg1 system 406:411 a pilot-scale sludge HSAD system 380:411 a pilot-scale sludge HSAD system 380:411 In this study, microbial communities of a pilot-scale sludge HSAD system at steady state were investigated with 16S rRNA clone library technology. 29965114 9 23 located detected 1515:1522 arg1 phase 1546:1550 the methanogenesis phase 1527:1550 the methanogenesis phase 1527:1550 This indicated that hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was the predominant methanogenesis pathway in this system since methane was only detected in the methanogenesis phase. 29965114 9 23 located detected 1515:1522 arg2 methane 1498:1504 methane 1498:1504 methane 1498:1504 This indicated that hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was the predominant methanogenesis pathway in this system since methane was only detected in the methanogenesis phase. 29965114 8 24 from % 1275:1275 arg1 phase 1337:1341 the thermophilic methanogenesis phase 1305:1341 the thermophilic methanogenesis phase 1305:1341 Especially, 100% of the retrieved archaea in the thermophilic methanogenesis phase belonged to genus Methanothermobacter. 29965114 6 25 theme thermophilic 1095:1106 arg1 phase 1123:1127 thermophilic methanogenesis phase 1095:1127 thermophilic methanogenesis phase 1095:1127 The bacterial compositions of the two phases were significantly different:there were plenty of proteolytic bacteria in hyperthermophilic acidogenesis phase; and the bacteria degrading polysaccharides like cellulose and the bacteria utilizing long-chain fatty acids were found in thermophilic methanogenesis phase; some bacteria degrading simple saccharides existed in both phases. 29965114 2 26 dep understanding 253:265 arg1 mechanism 312:320 the microbial mechanism 298:320 the understanding about the mechanism especially the microbial mechanism 249:320 However, the understanding about the mechanism especially the microbial mechanism is still limited. 29965114 0 27 theme [Microbial 0:9 arg1 Structure 11:19 [Microbial Structure 0:19 [Microbial Structure of an Enhanced Two-phase High-solid Anaerobic Digestion System 0:82 [Microbial Structure of an Enhanced Two-phase High-solid Anaerobic Digestion System Treating Sludge]. 29965114 4 28 theme solid 689:693 arg1 content 695:701 a solid content 687:701 a solid content of about 9% 687:713 The system employed an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process, i. e. 'hyperthermophilic acidogenesis (70℃, 3 d)-thermophilic methanogenesis (55℃, 12.5 d)' to treat waste activated sludge with a solid content of about 9%. 29965114 5 29 theme removal 740:746 arg1 rate 748:751 The volatile solid (VS) removal rate 716:751 The volatile solid (VS) removal rate 716:751 The volatile solid (VS) removal rate was 35.7% and methane yield (CH4/VSremoved) was 0.648 m3·kg-1. 29965114 5 29 theme removal 740:746 arg1 % 761:761 35.7% 757:761 35.7% 757:761 The volatile solid (VS) removal rate was 35.7% and methane yield (CH4/VSremoved) was 0.648 m3·kg-1. 29965114 2 30 theme microbial 302:310 arg1 mechanism 312:320 the microbial mechanism 298:320 the understanding about the mechanism especially the microbial mechanism 249:320 However, the understanding about the mechanism especially the microbial mechanism is still limited. 29965114 3 31 theme rRNA 456:459 arg1 technology 475:484 16S rRNA clone library technology 452:484 16S rRNA clone library technology 452:484 In this study, microbial communities of a pilot-scale sludge HSAD system at steady state were investigated with 16S rRNA clone library technology. 29965114 8 32 theme thermophilic 1309:1320 arg1 phase 1337:1341 the thermophilic methanogenesis phase 1305:1341 the thermophilic methanogenesis phase 1305:1341 Especially, 100% of the retrieved archaea in the thermophilic methanogenesis phase belonged to genus Methanothermobacter. 29965114 1 33 theme anaerobic 113:121 arg1 HSAD 134:137 HSAD 134:137 HSAD 134:137 High-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) of sludge has several advantages like smaller reactor, lower energy consumption and less digestate. 29965114 1 33 theme anaerobic 113:121 arg1 digestion 123:131 High-solid anaerobic digestion 102:131 High-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) of sludge 102:148 High-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) of sludge has several advantages like smaller reactor, lower energy consumption and less digestate. 29965114 1 34 theme lower 195:199 arg1 consumption 208:218 lower energy consumption 195:218 lower energy consumption 195:218 High-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) of sludge has several advantages like smaller reactor, lower energy consumption and less digestate. 29965114 0 35 theme Two-phase 36:44 arg1 System 77:82 an Enhanced Two-phase High-solid Anaerobic Digestion System 24:82 an Enhanced Two-phase High-solid Anaerobic Digestion System 24:82 [Microbial Structure of an Enhanced Two-phase High-solid Anaerobic Digestion System Treating Sludge]. 29965114 6 36 theme fatty 1069:1073 arg1 acids 1075:1079 long-chain fatty acids 1058:1079 long-chain fatty acids 1058:1079 The bacterial compositions of the two phases were significantly different:there were plenty of proteolytic bacteria in hyperthermophilic acidogenesis phase; and the bacteria degrading polysaccharides like cellulose and the bacteria utilizing long-chain fatty acids were found in thermophilic methanogenesis phase; some bacteria degrading simple saccharides existed in both phases. 29965114 1 37 theme energy 201:206 arg1 consumption 208:218 lower energy consumption 195:218 lower energy consumption 195:218 High-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) of sludge has several advantages like smaller reactor, lower energy consumption and less digestate. 29965114 0 38 theme Enhanced 27:34 arg1 System 77:82 an Enhanced Two-phase High-solid Anaerobic Digestion System 24:82 an Enhanced Two-phase High-solid Anaerobic Digestion System 24:82 [Microbial Structure of an Enhanced Two-phase High-solid Anaerobic Digestion System Treating Sludge]. 29965114 4 39 theme anaerobic 529:537 arg1 process 549:555 an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process 507:555 an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process 507:555 The system employed an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process, i. e. 'hyperthermophilic acidogenesis (70℃, 3 d)-thermophilic methanogenesis (55℃, 12.5 d)' to treat waste activated sludge with a solid content of about 9%. 29965114 5 40 theme solid 729:733 arg1 rate 748:751 The volatile solid (VS) removal rate 716:751 The volatile solid (VS) removal rate 716:751 The volatile solid (VS) removal rate was 35.7% and methane yield (CH4/VSremoved) was 0.648 m3·kg-1. 29965114 5 40 theme solid 729:733 arg1 % 761:761 35.7% 757:761 35.7% 757:761 The volatile solid (VS) removal rate was 35.7% and methane yield (CH4/VSremoved) was 0.648 m3·kg-1. 29965114 4 41 dep acidogenesis 583:594 arg1 70℃ 597:599 70℃ 597:599 70℃ 597:599 The system employed an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process, i. e. 'hyperthermophilic acidogenesis (70℃, 3 d)-thermophilic methanogenesis (55℃, 12.5 d)' to treat waste activated sludge with a solid content of about 9%. 29965114 4 41 dep acidogenesis 583:594 arg1 d 604:604 3 d 602:604 3 d 602:604 The system employed an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process, i. e. 'hyperthermophilic acidogenesis (70℃, 3 d)-thermophilic methanogenesis (55℃, 12.5 d)' to treat waste activated sludge with a solid content of about 9%. 29965114 4 41 dep acidogenesis 583:594 arg1 methanogenesis 620:633 -thermophilic methanogenesis 606:633 hyperthermophilic acidogenesis (70℃, 3 d)-thermophilic methanogenesis (55℃, 12.5 d) 565:647 The system employed an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process, i. e. 'hyperthermophilic acidogenesis (70℃, 3 d)-thermophilic methanogenesis (55℃, 12.5 d)' to treat waste activated sludge with a solid content of about 9%. 29965114 9 42 from pathway 1469:1475 arg1 system 1485:1490 this system 1480:1490 this system 1480:1490 This indicated that hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was the predominant methanogenesis pathway in this system since methane was only detected in the methanogenesis phase. 29965114 3 43 theme 16S 452:454 arg1 rRNA 456:459 16S rRNA 452:459 16S rRNA clone library technology 452:484 In this study, microbial communities of a pilot-scale sludge HSAD system at steady state were investigated with 16S rRNA clone library technology. 29965114 3 44 theme sludge 394:399 arg1 system 406:411 a pilot-scale sludge HSAD system 380:411 a pilot-scale sludge HSAD system 380:411 In this study, microbial communities of a pilot-scale sludge HSAD system at steady state were investigated with 16S rRNA clone library technology. 29965114 4 45 theme two-phase 519:527 arg1 process 549:555 an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process 507:555 an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process 507:555 The system employed an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process, i. e. 'hyperthermophilic acidogenesis (70℃, 3 d)-thermophilic methanogenesis (55℃, 12.5 d)' to treat waste activated sludge with a solid content of about 9%. 29965114 8 46 theme retrieved 1284:1292 arg1 archaea 1294:1300 the retrieved archaea 1280:1300 the retrieved archaea in the thermophilic methanogenesis phase 1280:1341 Especially, 100% of the retrieved archaea in the thermophilic methanogenesis phase belonged to genus Methanothermobacter. 29965114 0 47 theme Digestion 67:75 arg1 System 77:82 an Enhanced Two-phase High-solid Anaerobic Digestion System 24:82 an Enhanced Two-phase High-solid Anaerobic Digestion System 24:82 [Microbial Structure of an Enhanced Two-phase High-solid Anaerobic Digestion System Treating Sludge]. 29965114 4 48 dep methanogenesis 620:633 arg1 55℃ 636:638 55℃ 636:638 55℃ 636:638 The system employed an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process, i. e. 'hyperthermophilic acidogenesis (70℃, 3 d)-thermophilic methanogenesis (55℃, 12.5 d)' to treat waste activated sludge with a solid content of about 9%. 29965114 4 48 dep methanogenesis 620:633 arg1 d 646:646 12.5 d 641:646 12.5 d 641:646 The system employed an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process, i. e. 'hyperthermophilic acidogenesis (70℃, 3 d)-thermophilic methanogenesis (55℃, 12.5 d)' to treat waste activated sludge with a solid content of about 9%. 29965114 6 49 theme long-chain 1058:1067 arg1 acids 1075:1079 long-chain fatty acids 1058:1079 long-chain fatty acids 1058:1079 The bacterial compositions of the two phases were significantly different:there were plenty of proteolytic bacteria in hyperthermophilic acidogenesis phase; and the bacteria degrading polysaccharides like cellulose and the bacteria utilizing long-chain fatty acids were found in thermophilic methanogenesis phase; some bacteria degrading simple saccharides existed in both phases. 29965114 7 50 theme dominant 1217:1224 arg1 Methanothermobacter 1239:1257 Methanothermobacter 1239:1257 Methanothermobacter 1239:1257 In both phases, the dominant archaea were Methanothermobacter. 29965114 7 50 theme dominant 1217:1224 arg1 archaea 1226:1232 the dominant archaea 1213:1232 the dominant archaea 1213:1232 In both phases, the dominant archaea were Methanothermobacter. 29965114 0 51 theme High-solid 46:55 arg1 System 77:82 an Enhanced Two-phase High-solid Anaerobic Digestion System 24:82 an Enhanced Two-phase High-solid Anaerobic Digestion System 24:82 [Microbial Structure of an Enhanced Two-phase High-solid Anaerobic Digestion System Treating Sludge]. 29965114 6 52 theme bacterial 820:828 arg1 different 880:888 different 880:888 different 880:888 The bacterial compositions of the two phases were significantly different:there were plenty of proteolytic bacteria in hyperthermophilic acidogenesis phase; and the bacteria degrading polysaccharides like cellulose and the bacteria utilizing long-chain fatty acids were found in thermophilic methanogenesis phase; some bacteria degrading simple saccharides existed in both phases. 29965114 6 52 theme bacterial 820:828 arg1 compositions 830:841 The bacterial compositions 816:841 The bacterial compositions of the two phases 816:859 The bacterial compositions of the two phases were significantly different:there were plenty of proteolytic bacteria in hyperthermophilic acidogenesis phase; and the bacteria degrading polysaccharides like cellulose and the bacteria utilizing long-chain fatty acids were found in thermophilic methanogenesis phase; some bacteria degrading simple saccharides existed in both phases. 29965114 8 53 theme genus 1355:1359 arg1 Methanothermobacter 1361:1379 genus Methanothermobacter 1355:1379 genus Methanothermobacter 1355:1379 Especially, 100% of the retrieved archaea in the thermophilic methanogenesis phase belonged to genus Methanothermobacter. 29965114 9 54 theme methanogenesis 1454:1467 arg1 pathway 1469:1475 the predominant methanogenesis pathway 1438:1475 the predominant methanogenesis pathway 1438:1475 This indicated that hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was the predominant methanogenesis pathway in this system since methane was only detected in the methanogenesis phase. 29965114 9 54 theme methanogenesis 1454:1467 arg1 methanogenesis 1419:1432 hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis 1402:1432 hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis 1402:1432 This indicated that hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was the predominant methanogenesis pathway in this system since methane was only detected in the methanogenesis phase. 29965114 4 55 theme activated 665:673 arg1 sludge 675:680 waste activated sludge 659:680 waste activated sludge with a solid content of about 9% 659:713 The system employed an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process, i. e. 'hyperthermophilic acidogenesis (70℃, 3 d)-thermophilic methanogenesis (55℃, 12.5 d)' to treat waste activated sludge with a solid content of about 9%. 29965114 4 56 theme digestion 539:547 arg1 process 549:555 an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process 507:555 an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process 507:555 The system employed an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process, i. e. 'hyperthermophilic acidogenesis (70℃, 3 d)-thermophilic methanogenesis (55℃, 12.5 d)' to treat waste activated sludge with a solid content of about 9%. 29965114 3 57 theme library 467:473 arg1 technology 475:484 16S rRNA clone library technology 452:484 16S rRNA clone library technology 452:484 In this study, microbial communities of a pilot-scale sludge HSAD system at steady state were investigated with 16S rRNA clone library technology. 29965114 1 58 theme High-solid 102:111 arg1 HSAD 134:137 HSAD 134:137 HSAD 134:137 High-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) of sludge has several advantages like smaller reactor, lower energy consumption and less digestate. 29965114 1 58 theme High-solid 102:111 arg1 digestion 123:131 High-solid anaerobic digestion 102:131 High-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) of sludge 102:148 High-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) of sludge has several advantages like smaller reactor, lower energy consumption and less digestate. 29965114 6 59 theme acidogenesis 953:964 arg1 phase 966:970 hyperthermophilic acidogenesis phase 935:970 hyperthermophilic acidogenesis phase 935:970 The bacterial compositions of the two phases were significantly different:there were plenty of proteolytic bacteria in hyperthermophilic acidogenesis phase; and the bacteria degrading polysaccharides like cellulose and the bacteria utilizing long-chain fatty acids were found in thermophilic methanogenesis phase; some bacteria degrading simple saccharides existed in both phases. 29965114 6 60 theme methanogenesis 1108:1121 arg1 phase 1123:1127 thermophilic methanogenesis phase 1095:1127 thermophilic methanogenesis phase 1095:1127 The bacterial compositions of the two phases were significantly different:there were plenty of proteolytic bacteria in hyperthermophilic acidogenesis phase; and the bacteria degrading polysaccharides like cellulose and the bacteria utilizing long-chain fatty acids were found in thermophilic methanogenesis phase; some bacteria degrading simple saccharides existed in both phases. 29965114 6 61 theme simple 1154:1159 arg1 saccharides 1161:1171 simple saccharides 1154:1171 simple saccharides 1154:1171 The bacterial compositions of the two phases were significantly different:there were plenty of proteolytic bacteria in hyperthermophilic acidogenesis phase; and the bacteria degrading polysaccharides like cellulose and the bacteria utilizing long-chain fatty acids were found in thermophilic methanogenesis phase; some bacteria degrading simple saccharides existed in both phases. 29965114 6 62 theme hyperthermophilic 935:951 arg1 phase 966:970 hyperthermophilic acidogenesis phase 935:970 hyperthermophilic acidogenesis phase 935:970 The bacterial compositions of the two phases were significantly different:there were plenty of proteolytic bacteria in hyperthermophilic acidogenesis phase; and the bacteria degrading polysaccharides like cellulose and the bacteria utilizing long-chain fatty acids were found in thermophilic methanogenesis phase; some bacteria degrading simple saccharides existed in both phases. 29965114 0 63 theme System 77:82 arg1 Structure 11:19 [Microbial Structure 0:19 [Microbial Structure of an Enhanced Two-phase High-solid Anaerobic Digestion System 0:82 [Microbial Structure of an Enhanced Two-phase High-solid Anaerobic Digestion System Treating Sludge]. 29965114 5 64 theme methane 767:773 arg1 CH4/VSremoved 782:794 CH4/VSremoved 782:794 CH4/VSremoved 782:794 The volatile solid (VS) removal rate was 35.7% and methane yield (CH4/VSremoved) was 0.648 m3·kg-1. 29965114 5 64 theme methane 767:773 arg1 yield 775:779 methane yield 767:779 methane yield (CH4/VSremoved) 767:795 The volatile solid (VS) removal rate was 35.7% and methane yield (CH4/VSremoved) was 0.648 m3·kg-1. 29965114 3 65 from state 423:427 arg1 communities 365:375 microbial communities 355:375 microbial communities of a pilot-scale sludge HSAD system at steady state 355:427 In this study, microbial communities of a pilot-scale sludge HSAD system at steady state were investigated with 16S rRNA clone library technology. 29965114 8 66 from archaea 1294:1300 arg1 phase 1337:1341 the thermophilic methanogenesis phase 1305:1341 the thermophilic methanogenesis phase 1305:1341 Especially, 100% of the retrieved archaea in the thermophilic methanogenesis phase belonged to genus Methanothermobacter. 29965114 0 67 theme Anaerobic 57:65 arg1 System 77:82 an Enhanced Two-phase High-solid Anaerobic Digestion System 24:82 an Enhanced Two-phase High-solid Anaerobic Digestion System 24:82 [Microbial Structure of an Enhanced Two-phase High-solid Anaerobic Digestion System Treating Sludge]. 29965114 4 68 dep process 549:555 arg1 acidogenesis 583:594 hyperthermophilic acidogenesis 565:594 hyperthermophilic acidogenesis (70℃, 3 d)-thermophilic methanogenesis (55℃, 12.5 d) 565:647 The system employed an enhanced two-phase anaerobic digestion process, i. e. 'hyperthermophilic acidogenesis (70℃, 3 d)-thermophilic methanogenesis (55℃, 12.5 d)' to treat waste activated sludge with a solid content of about 9%. 29965114 6 69 theme bacteria 923:930 arg1 plenty 901:906 plenty 901:906 plenty of proteolytic bacteria 901:930 The bacterial compositions of the two phases were significantly different:there were plenty of proteolytic bacteria in hyperthermophilic acidogenesis phase; and the bacteria degrading polysaccharides like cellulose and the bacteria utilizing long-chain fatty acids were found in thermophilic methanogenesis phase; some bacteria degrading simple saccharides existed in both phases. 29965114 1 70 theme sludge 143:148 arg1 HSAD 134:137 HSAD 134:137 HSAD 134:137 High-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) of sludge has several advantages like smaller reactor, lower energy consumption and less digestate. 29965114 1 70 theme sludge 143:148 arg1 digestion 123:131 High-solid anaerobic digestion 102:131 High-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) of sludge 102:148 High-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) of sludge has several advantages like smaller reactor, lower energy consumption and less digestate. 29965114 6 71 theme phases 854:859 arg1 different 880:888 different 880:888 different 880:888 The bacterial compositions of the two phases were significantly different:there were plenty of proteolytic bacteria in hyperthermophilic acidogenesis phase; and the bacteria degrading polysaccharides like cellulose and the bacteria utilizing long-chain fatty acids were found in thermophilic methanogenesis phase; some bacteria degrading simple saccharides existed in both phases. 29965114 6 71 theme phases 854:859 arg1 compositions 830:841 The bacterial compositions 816:841 The bacterial compositions of the two phases 816:859 The bacterial compositions of the two phases were significantly different:there were plenty of proteolytic bacteria in hyperthermophilic acidogenesis phase; and the bacteria degrading polysaccharides like cellulose and the bacteria utilizing long-chain fatty acids were found in thermophilic methanogenesis phase; some bacteria degrading simple saccharides existed in both phases. 29965114 6 72 located found 1086:1090 arg1 phase 1123:1127 thermophilic methanogenesis phase 1095:1127 thermophilic methanogenesis phase 1095:1127 The bacterial compositions of the two phases were significantly different:there were plenty of proteolytic bacteria in hyperthermophilic acidogenesis phase; and the bacteria degrading polysaccharides like cellulose and the bacteria utilizing long-chain fatty acids were found in thermophilic methanogenesis phase; some bacteria degrading simple saccharides existed in both phases. 29965114 6 72 located found 1086:1090 arg2 bacteria 1039:1046 the bacteria 1035:1046 the bacteria utilizing long-chain fatty acids 1035:1079 The bacterial compositions of the two phases were significantly different:there were plenty of proteolytic bacteria in hyperthermophilic acidogenesis phase; and the bacteria degrading polysaccharides like cellulose and the bacteria utilizing long-chain fatty acids were found in thermophilic methanogenesis phase; some bacteria degrading simple saccharides existed in both phases. 29965114 6 72 located found 1086:1090 arg2 bacteria 981:988 the bacteria 977:988 the bacteria degrading polysaccharides like cellulose 977:1029 The bacterial compositions of the two phases were significantly different:there were plenty of proteolytic bacteria in hyperthermophilic acidogenesis phase; and the bacteria degrading polysaccharides like cellulose and the bacteria utilizing long-chain fatty acids were found in thermophilic methanogenesis phase; some bacteria degrading simple saccharides existed in both phases. 28061324 0 0 from Resistance 74:83 arg1 Mice 129:132 Male Nonobese Diabetic Mice 106:132 Male Nonobese Diabetic Mice 106:132 Oral Corticosterone Administration Reduces Insulitis but Promotes Insulin Resistance and Hyperglycemia in Male Nonobese Diabetic Mice. 28061324 2 1 theme male 334:337 arg1 mice 357:360 male nonobese diabetic mice 334:360 male nonobese diabetic mice 334:360 Therefore, metabolic and immunological alterations associated with chronic oral corticosterone were investigated using male nonobese diabetic mice. 28061324 7 2 theme significant 934:944 arg1 enhancement 946:956 a significant enhancement 932:956 a significant enhancement in pancreatic insulin-positive area 932:992 Relative to the vehicle control group, mice receiving corticosterone had a significant enhancement in pancreatic insulin-positive area, but a marked decrease in CD3+ cell infiltration. 28061324 11 3 theme autoimmune 1798:1807 arg1 disease 1809:1815 autoimmune disease 1798:1815 autoimmune disease 1798:1815 Thus, male nonobese diabetic mice allow for translational studies on the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease. 28061324 5 4 theme Overt 573:577 arg1 mg/dL 599:603 >250 mg/dL 594:603 >250 mg/dL 594:603 Overt hyperglycemia (>250 mg/dL) manifested 6 weeks after the start of glucocorticoid administration, whereas 100% of the mice receiving the vehicle control remained normoglycemic. 28061324 5 4 theme Overt 573:577 arg1 hyperglycemia 579:591 Overt hyperglycemia 573:591 Overt hyperglycemia (>250 mg/dL) 573:604 Overt hyperglycemia (>250 mg/dL) manifested 6 weeks after the start of glucocorticoid administration, whereas 100% of the mice receiving the vehicle control remained normoglycemic. 28061324 1 5 theme drug-induced 187:198 arg1 hyperglycemia 200:212 drug-induced hyperglycemia 187:212 drug-induced hyperglycemia 187:212 Steroid-induced diabetes is the most common form of drug-induced hyperglycemia. 28061324 5 6 theme mice 695:698 arg1 % 686:686 100% 683:686 100% of the mice receiving the vehicle control 683:728 Overt hyperglycemia (>250 mg/dL) manifested 6 weeks after the start of glucocorticoid administration, whereas 100% of the mice receiving the vehicle control remained normoglycemic. 28061324 5 6 theme mice 695:698 arg1 mice 695:698 the mice 691:698 the mice receiving the vehicle control 691:728 Overt hyperglycemia (>250 mg/dL) manifested 6 weeks after the start of glucocorticoid administration, whereas 100% of the mice receiving the vehicle control remained normoglycemic. 28061324 10 7 theme washout 1516:1522 arg1 phase 1524:1528 the washout phase 1512:1528 the washout phase 1512:1528 Corticosterone-induced hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and changes in muscle gene expression were all reversed by the end of the washout phase, indicating that the metabolic alterations were not permanent. 28061324 11 8 from model 1761:1765 arg1 consequences 1694:1705 the metabolic and immunological consequences 1662:1705 the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease 1662:1815 Thus, male nonobese diabetic mice allow for translational studies on the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease. 28061324 9 9 with consistent 1296:1305 arg1 elevations 1312:1321 elevations 1312:1321 elevations in muscle glycogen storage in mice receiving corticosterone 1312:1381 Moreover, glycogen synthase expression was greatly enhanced, consistent with elevations in muscle glycogen storage in mice receiving corticosterone. 28061324 2 10 theme diabetic 348:355 arg1 mice 357:360 male nonobese diabetic mice 334:360 male nonobese diabetic mice 334:360 Therefore, metabolic and immunological alterations associated with chronic oral corticosterone were investigated using male nonobese diabetic mice. 28061324 0 11 from Hyperglycemia 89:101 arg1 Mice 129:132 Male Nonobese Diabetic Mice 106:132 Male Nonobese Diabetic Mice 106:132 Oral Corticosterone Administration Reduces Insulitis but Promotes Insulin Resistance and Hyperglycemia in Male Nonobese Diabetic Mice. 28061324 9 12 theme glycogen 1333:1340 arg1 storage 1342:1348 muscle glycogen storage 1326:1348 muscle glycogen storage in mice receiving corticosterone 1326:1381 Moreover, glycogen synthase expression was greatly enhanced, consistent with elevations in muscle glycogen storage in mice receiving corticosterone. 28061324 11 13 from interventions 1736:1748 arg1 model 1761:1765 a mouse model 1753:1765 a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease 1753:1815 Thus, male nonobese diabetic mice allow for translational studies on the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease. 28061324 4 14 theme increased 529:537 arg1 mass 543:546 increased fat mass 529:546 increased fat mass 529:546 Body composition measurements revealed increased fat mass and decreased lean mass. 28061324 7 15 from decrease 1008:1015 arg1 infiltration 1030:1041 CD3+ cell infiltration 1020:1041 CD3+ cell infiltration 1020:1041 Relative to the vehicle control group, mice receiving corticosterone had a significant enhancement in pancreatic insulin-positive area, but a marked decrease in CD3+ cell infiltration. 28061324 11 16 theme genetic 1772:1778 arg1 susceptibility 1780:1793 genetic susceptibility 1772:1793 genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease 1772:1815 Thus, male nonobese diabetic mice allow for translational studies on the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease. 28061324 2 17 theme immunological 240:252 arg1 alterations 254:264 metabolic and immunological alterations 226:264 metabolic and immunological alterations associated with chronic oral corticosterone 226:308 Therefore, metabolic and immunological alterations associated with chronic oral corticosterone were investigated using male nonobese diabetic mice. 28061324 1 18 theme Steroid-induced 135:149 arg1 diabetes 151:158 Steroid-induced diabetes 135:158 Steroid-induced diabetes 135:158 Steroid-induced diabetes is the most common form of drug-induced hyperglycemia. 28061324 1 18 theme Steroid-induced 135:149 arg1 form 179:182 the most common form 163:182 the most common form of drug-induced hyperglycemia 163:212 Steroid-induced diabetes is the most common form of drug-induced hyperglycemia. 28061324 10 19 from resistance 1430:1439 arg1 expression 1469:1478 muscle gene expression 1457:1478 muscle gene expression 1457:1478 Corticosterone-induced hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and changes in muscle gene expression were all reversed by the end of the washout phase, indicating that the metabolic alterations were not permanent. 28061324 11 20 theme male 1599:1602 arg1 mice 1622:1625 male nonobese diabetic mice 1599:1625 male nonobese diabetic mice 1599:1625 Thus, male nonobese diabetic mice allow for translational studies on the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease. 28061324 3 21 theme corticosterone 381:394 arg1 delivery 396:403 corticosterone delivery 381:403 corticosterone delivery 381:403 Three weeks after corticosterone delivery, there was reduced sensitivity to insulin action measured by insulin tolerance test. 28061324 4 22 theme Body 490:493 arg1 measurements 507:518 Body composition measurements 490:518 Body composition measurements 490:518 Body composition measurements revealed increased fat mass and decreased lean mass. 28061324 2 23 theme chronic 282:288 arg1 corticosterone 295:308 chronic oral corticosterone 282:308 chronic oral corticosterone 282:308 Therefore, metabolic and immunological alterations associated with chronic oral corticosterone were investigated using male nonobese diabetic mice. 28061324 10 24 theme metabolic 1551:1559 arg1 alterations 1561:1571 the metabolic alterations 1547:1571 the metabolic alterations 1547:1571 Corticosterone-induced hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and changes in muscle gene expression were all reversed by the end of the washout phase, indicating that the metabolic alterations were not permanent. 28061324 10 24 theme metabolic 1551:1559 arg1 permanent 1582:1590 permanent 1582:1590 permanent 1582:1590 Corticosterone-induced hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and changes in muscle gene expression were all reversed by the end of the washout phase, indicating that the metabolic alterations were not permanent. 28061324 8 25 theme synthase 1103:1110 arg1 expression 1117:1126 citrate synthase gene expression 1095:1126 citrate synthase gene expression 1095:1126 In addition, there were striking increases in both citrate synthase gene expression and enzymatic activity in skeletal muscle of mice in the corticosterone group relative to vehicle control. 28061324 5 26 theme administration 659:672 arg1 start 635:639 the start 631:639 the start of glucocorticoid administration 631:672 Overt hyperglycemia (>250 mg/dL) manifested 6 weeks after the start of glucocorticoid administration, whereas 100% of the mice receiving the vehicle control remained normoglycemic. 28061324 11 27 theme diabetic 1613:1620 arg1 mice 1622:1625 male nonobese diabetic mice 1599:1625 male nonobese diabetic mice 1599:1625 Thus, male nonobese diabetic mice allow for translational studies on the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease. 28061324 0 28 theme Male 106:109 arg1 Mice 129:132 Male Nonobese Diabetic Mice 106:132 Male Nonobese Diabetic Mice 106:132 Oral Corticosterone Administration Reduces Insulitis but Promotes Insulin Resistance and Hyperglycemia in Male Nonobese Diabetic Mice. 28061324 0 29 theme Diabetic 120:127 arg1 Mice 129:132 Male Nonobese Diabetic Mice 106:132 Male Nonobese Diabetic Mice 106:132 Oral Corticosterone Administration Reduces Insulitis but Promotes Insulin Resistance and Hyperglycemia in Male Nonobese Diabetic Mice. 28061324 8 30 theme enzymatic 1132:1140 arg1 activity 1142:1149 enzymatic activity 1132:1149 enzymatic activity 1132:1149 In addition, there were striking increases in both citrate synthase gene expression and enzymatic activity in skeletal muscle of mice in the corticosterone group relative to vehicle control. 28061324 7 31 theme CD3+ 1020:1023 arg1 infiltration 1030:1041 CD3+ cell infiltration 1020:1041 CD3+ cell infiltration 1020:1041 Relative to the vehicle control group, mice receiving corticosterone had a significant enhancement in pancreatic insulin-positive area, but a marked decrease in CD3+ cell infiltration. 28061324 10 32 from changes 1446:1452 arg1 expression 1469:1478 muscle gene expression 1457:1478 muscle gene expression 1457:1478 Corticosterone-induced hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and changes in muscle gene expression were all reversed by the end of the washout phase, indicating that the metabolic alterations were not permanent. 28061324 3 33 theme insulin 439:445 arg1 action 447:452 insulin action 439:452 insulin action 439:452 Three weeks after corticosterone delivery, there was reduced sensitivity to insulin action measured by insulin tolerance test. 28061324 4 34 theme decreased 552:560 arg1 mass 567:570 decreased lean mass 552:570 decreased lean mass 552:570 Body composition measurements revealed increased fat mass and decreased lean mass. 28061324 0 35 theme Oral 0:3 arg1 Administration 20:33 Oral Corticosterone Administration 0:33 Oral Corticosterone Administration 0:33 Oral Corticosterone Administration Reduces Insulitis but Promotes Insulin Resistance and Hyperglycemia in Male Nonobese Diabetic Mice. 28061324 7 36 theme control 883:889 arg1 group 891:895 the vehicle control group 871:895 the vehicle control group 871:895 Relative to the vehicle control group, mice receiving corticosterone had a significant enhancement in pancreatic insulin-positive area, but a marked decrease in CD3+ cell infiltration. 28061324 3 37 dep weeks 369:373 arg1 delivery 396:403 corticosterone delivery 381:403 corticosterone delivery 381:403 Three weeks after corticosterone delivery, there was reduced sensitivity to insulin action measured by insulin tolerance test. 28061324 3 38 theme insulin 466:472 arg1 test 484:487 insulin tolerance test 466:487 insulin tolerance test 466:487 Three weeks after corticosterone delivery, there was reduced sensitivity to insulin action measured by insulin tolerance test. 28061324 10 39 theme insulin 1422:1428 arg1 resistance 1430:1439 insulin resistance 1422:1439 insulin resistance 1422:1439 Corticosterone-induced hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and changes in muscle gene expression were all reversed by the end of the washout phase, indicating that the metabolic alterations were not permanent. 28061324 8 40 theme mice 1173:1176 arg1 muscle 1163:1168 skeletal muscle 1154:1168 skeletal muscle of mice 1154:1176 In addition, there were striking increases in both citrate synthase gene expression and enzymatic activity in skeletal muscle of mice in the corticosterone group relative to vehicle control. 28061324 10 41 theme muscle 1457:1462 arg1 expression 1469:1478 muscle gene expression 1457:1478 muscle gene expression 1457:1478 Corticosterone-induced hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and changes in muscle gene expression were all reversed by the end of the washout phase, indicating that the metabolic alterations were not permanent. 28061324 2 42 theme metabolic 226:234 arg1 alterations 254:264 metabolic and immunological alterations 226:264 metabolic and immunological alterations associated with chronic oral corticosterone 226:308 Therefore, metabolic and immunological alterations associated with chronic oral corticosterone were investigated using male nonobese diabetic mice. 28061324 7 43 theme marked 1001:1006 arg1 decrease 1008:1015 a marked decrease 999:1015 a marked decrease in CD3+ cell infiltration 999:1041 Relative to the vehicle control group, mice receiving corticosterone had a significant enhancement in pancreatic insulin-positive area, but a marked decrease in CD3+ cell infiltration. 28061324 11 44 theme glucocorticoid-associated 1710:1734 arg1 interventions 1736:1748 glucocorticoid-associated interventions 1710:1748 glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease 1710:1815 Thus, male nonobese diabetic mice allow for translational studies on the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease. 28061324 6 45 theme washout 799:805 arg1 phase 807:811 the washout phase 795:811 the washout phase 795:811 This phenotype was fully reversed during the washout phase and readily reproducible across institutions. 28061324 11 46 with model 1761:1765 arg1 susceptibility 1780:1793 genetic susceptibility 1772:1793 genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease 1772:1815 Thus, male nonobese diabetic mice allow for translational studies on the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease. 28061324 9 47 theme synthase 1254:1261 arg1 expression 1263:1272 glycogen synthase expression 1245:1272 glycogen synthase expression 1245:1272 Moreover, glycogen synthase expression was greatly enhanced, consistent with elevations in muscle glycogen storage in mice receiving corticosterone. 28061324 8 48 from increases 1077:1085 arg1 expression 1117:1126 citrate synthase gene expression 1095:1126 citrate synthase gene expression 1095:1126 In addition, there were striking increases in both citrate synthase gene expression and enzymatic activity in skeletal muscle of mice in the corticosterone group relative to vehicle control. 28061324 8 48 from increases 1077:1085 arg1 activity 1142:1149 enzymatic activity 1132:1149 enzymatic activity 1132:1149 In addition, there were striking increases in both citrate synthase gene expression and enzymatic activity in skeletal muscle of mice in the corticosterone group relative to vehicle control. 28061324 11 49 theme immunological 1680:1692 arg1 consequences 1694:1705 the metabolic and immunological consequences 1662:1705 the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease 1662:1815 Thus, male nonobese diabetic mice allow for translational studies on the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease. 28061324 5 50 theme vehicle 714:720 arg1 control 722:728 the vehicle control 710:728 the vehicle control 710:728 Overt hyperglycemia (>250 mg/dL) manifested 6 weeks after the start of glucocorticoid administration, whereas 100% of the mice receiving the vehicle control remained normoglycemic. 28061324 2 51 theme nonobese 339:346 arg1 mice 357:360 male nonobese diabetic mice 334:360 male nonobese diabetic mice 334:360 Therefore, metabolic and immunological alterations associated with chronic oral corticosterone were investigated using male nonobese diabetic mice. 28061324 7 52 theme pancreatic 961:970 arg1 area 989:992 pancreatic insulin-positive area 961:992 pancreatic insulin-positive area 961:992 Relative to the vehicle control group, mice receiving corticosterone had a significant enhancement in pancreatic insulin-positive area, but a marked decrease in CD3+ cell infiltration. 28061324 9 53 from storage 1342:1348 arg1 mice 1353:1356 mice 1353:1356 mice receiving corticosterone 1353:1381 Moreover, glycogen synthase expression was greatly enhanced, consistent with elevations in muscle glycogen storage in mice receiving corticosterone. 28061324 11 54 theme interventions 1736:1748 arg1 consequences 1694:1705 the metabolic and immunological consequences 1662:1705 the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease 1662:1815 Thus, male nonobese diabetic mice allow for translational studies on the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease. 28061324 8 55 theme striking 1068:1075 arg1 increases 1077:1085 striking increases 1068:1085 striking increases in both citrate synthase gene expression and enzymatic activity 1068:1149 In addition, there were striking increases in both citrate synthase gene expression and enzymatic activity in skeletal muscle of mice in the corticosterone group relative to vehicle control. 28061324 11 56 from studies 1651:1657 arg1 consequences 1694:1705 the metabolic and immunological consequences 1662:1705 the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease 1662:1815 Thus, male nonobese diabetic mice allow for translational studies on the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease. 28061324 11 57 theme translational 1637:1649 arg1 studies 1651:1657 translational studies 1637:1657 translational studies on the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease 1637:1815 Thus, male nonobese diabetic mice allow for translational studies on the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease. 28061324 5 58 dep manifested 606:615 arg1 whereas 675:681 whereas 675:681 whereas 675:681 Overt hyperglycemia (>250 mg/dL) manifested 6 weeks after the start of glucocorticoid administration, whereas 100% of the mice receiving the vehicle control remained normoglycemic. 28061324 10 59 theme phase 1524:1528 arg1 end 1505:1507 the end 1501:1507 the end of the washout phase 1501:1528 Corticosterone-induced hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and changes in muscle gene expression were all reversed by the end of the washout phase, indicating that the metabolic alterations were not permanent. 28061324 1 60 theme hyperglycemia 200:212 arg1 diabetes 151:158 Steroid-induced diabetes 135:158 Steroid-induced diabetes 135:158 Steroid-induced diabetes is the most common form of drug-induced hyperglycemia. 28061324 1 60 theme hyperglycemia 200:212 arg1 form 179:182 the most common form 163:182 the most common form of drug-induced hyperglycemia 163:212 Steroid-induced diabetes is the most common form of drug-induced hyperglycemia. 28061324 8 61 theme citrate 1095:1101 arg1 synthase 1103:1110 citrate synthase 1095:1110 citrate synthase gene expression 1095:1126 In addition, there were striking increases in both citrate synthase gene expression and enzymatic activity in skeletal muscle of mice in the corticosterone group relative to vehicle control. 28061324 11 62 theme metabolic 1666:1674 arg1 consequences 1694:1705 the metabolic and immunological consequences 1662:1705 the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease 1662:1815 Thus, male nonobese diabetic mice allow for translational studies on the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease. 28061324 11 63 from consequences 1694:1705 arg1 model 1761:1765 a mouse model 1753:1765 a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease 1753:1815 Thus, male nonobese diabetic mice allow for translational studies on the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease. 28061324 9 64 theme muscle 1326:1331 arg1 storage 1342:1348 muscle glycogen storage 1326:1348 muscle glycogen storage in mice receiving corticosterone 1326:1381 Moreover, glycogen synthase expression was greatly enhanced, consistent with elevations in muscle glycogen storage in mice receiving corticosterone. 28061324 4 65 theme fat 539:541 arg1 mass 543:546 increased fat mass 529:546 increased fat mass 529:546 Body composition measurements revealed increased fat mass and decreased lean mass. 28061324 10 66 from hyperglycemia 1407:1419 arg1 expression 1469:1478 muscle gene expression 1457:1478 muscle gene expression 1457:1478 Corticosterone-induced hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and changes in muscle gene expression were all reversed by the end of the washout phase, indicating that the metabolic alterations were not permanent. 28061324 9 67 from elevations 1312:1321 arg1 storage 1342:1348 muscle glycogen storage 1326:1348 muscle glycogen storage in mice receiving corticosterone 1326:1381 Moreover, glycogen synthase expression was greatly enhanced, consistent with elevations in muscle glycogen storage in mice receiving corticosterone. 28061324 4 68 theme composition 495:505 arg1 measurements 507:518 Body composition measurements 490:518 Body composition measurements 490:518 Body composition measurements revealed increased fat mass and decreased lean mass. 28061324 2 69 theme oral 290:293 arg1 corticosterone 295:308 chronic oral corticosterone 282:308 chronic oral corticosterone 282:308 Therefore, metabolic and immunological alterations associated with chronic oral corticosterone were investigated using male nonobese diabetic mice. 28061324 8 70 theme gene 1112:1115 arg1 expression 1117:1126 citrate synthase gene expression 1095:1126 citrate synthase gene expression 1095:1126 In addition, there were striking increases in both citrate synthase gene expression and enzymatic activity in skeletal muscle of mice in the corticosterone group relative to vehicle control. 28061324 1 71 theme common 172:177 arg1 diabetes 151:158 Steroid-induced diabetes 135:158 Steroid-induced diabetes 135:158 Steroid-induced diabetes is the most common form of drug-induced hyperglycemia. 28061324 1 71 theme common 172:177 arg1 form 179:182 the most common form 163:182 the most common form of drug-induced hyperglycemia 163:212 Steroid-induced diabetes is the most common form of drug-induced hyperglycemia. 28061324 11 72 theme nonobese 1604:1611 arg1 mice 1622:1625 male nonobese diabetic mice 1599:1625 male nonobese diabetic mice 1599:1625 Thus, male nonobese diabetic mice allow for translational studies on the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease. 28061324 0 73 theme Nonobese 111:118 arg1 Mice 129:132 Male Nonobese Diabetic Mice 106:132 Male Nonobese Diabetic Mice 106:132 Oral Corticosterone Administration Reduces Insulitis but Promotes Insulin Resistance and Hyperglycemia in Male Nonobese Diabetic Mice. 28061324 3 74 theme reduced 416:422 arg1 sensitivity 424:434 reduced sensitivity 416:434 reduced sensitivity to insulin action measured by insulin tolerance test 416:487 Three weeks after corticosterone delivery, there was reduced sensitivity to insulin action measured by insulin tolerance test. 28061324 4 75 theme lean 562:565 arg1 mass 567:570 decreased lean mass 552:570 decreased lean mass 552:570 Body composition measurements revealed increased fat mass and decreased lean mass. 28061324 10 76 theme Corticosterone-induced 1384:1405 arg1 hyperglycemia 1407:1419 Corticosterone-induced hyperglycemia 1384:1419 Corticosterone-induced hyperglycemia 1384:1419 Corticosterone-induced hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and changes in muscle gene expression were all reversed by the end of the washout phase, indicating that the metabolic alterations were not permanent. 28061324 0 77 theme Corticosterone 5:18 arg1 Administration 20:33 Oral Corticosterone Administration 0:33 Oral Corticosterone Administration 0:33 Oral Corticosterone Administration Reduces Insulitis but Promotes Insulin Resistance and Hyperglycemia in Male Nonobese Diabetic Mice. 28061324 8 78 theme skeletal 1154:1161 arg1 muscle 1163:1168 skeletal muscle 1154:1168 skeletal muscle of mice 1154:1176 In addition, there were striking increases in both citrate synthase gene expression and enzymatic activity in skeletal muscle of mice in the corticosterone group relative to vehicle control. 28061324 7 79 theme cell 1025:1028 arg1 infiltration 1030:1041 CD3+ cell infiltration 1020:1041 CD3+ cell infiltration 1020:1041 Relative to the vehicle control group, mice receiving corticosterone had a significant enhancement in pancreatic insulin-positive area, but a marked decrease in CD3+ cell infiltration. 28061324 5 80 theme glucocorticoid 644:657 arg1 administration 659:672 glucocorticoid administration 644:672 glucocorticoid administration 644:672 Overt hyperglycemia (>250 mg/dL) manifested 6 weeks after the start of glucocorticoid administration, whereas 100% of the mice receiving the vehicle control remained normoglycemic. 28061324 7 81 theme vehicle 875:881 arg1 group 891:895 the vehicle control group 871:895 the vehicle control group 871:895 Relative to the vehicle control group, mice receiving corticosterone had a significant enhancement in pancreatic insulin-positive area, but a marked decrease in CD3+ cell infiltration. 28061324 3 82 theme tolerance 474:482 arg1 test 484:487 insulin tolerance test 466:487 insulin tolerance test 466:487 Three weeks after corticosterone delivery, there was reduced sensitivity to insulin action measured by insulin tolerance test. 28061324 10 83 theme gene 1464:1467 arg1 expression 1469:1478 muscle gene expression 1457:1478 muscle gene expression 1457:1478 Corticosterone-induced hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and changes in muscle gene expression were all reversed by the end of the washout phase, indicating that the metabolic alterations were not permanent. 28061324 0 84 theme Insulin 66:72 arg1 Resistance 74:83 Insulin Resistance 66:83 Insulin Resistance 66:83 Oral Corticosterone Administration Reduces Insulitis but Promotes Insulin Resistance and Hyperglycemia in Male Nonobese Diabetic Mice. 28061324 8 85 theme corticosterone 1185:1198 arg1 group 1200:1204 the corticosterone group 1181:1204 the corticosterone group relative to vehicle control 1181:1232 In addition, there were striking increases in both citrate synthase gene expression and enzymatic activity in skeletal muscle of mice in the corticosterone group relative to vehicle control. 28061324 7 86 contain had 928:930 arg2 enhancement 946:956 a significant enhancement 932:956 a significant enhancement in pancreatic insulin-positive area 932:992 Relative to the vehicle control group, mice receiving corticosterone had a significant enhancement in pancreatic insulin-positive area, but a marked decrease in CD3+ cell infiltration. 28061324 7 86 contain had 928:930 arg2 decrease 1008:1015 a marked decrease 999:1015 a marked decrease in CD3+ cell infiltration 999:1041 Relative to the vehicle control group, mice receiving corticosterone had a significant enhancement in pancreatic insulin-positive area, but a marked decrease in CD3+ cell infiltration. 28061324 7 86 contain had 928:930 arg1 mice 898:901 mice 898:901 mice receiving corticosterone 898:926 Relative to the vehicle control group, mice receiving corticosterone had a significant enhancement in pancreatic insulin-positive area, but a marked decrease in CD3+ cell infiltration. 28061324 8 87 theme relative 1206:1213 arg1 group 1200:1204 the corticosterone group 1181:1204 the corticosterone group relative to vehicle control 1181:1232 In addition, there were striking increases in both citrate synthase gene expression and enzymatic activity in skeletal muscle of mice in the corticosterone group relative to vehicle control. 28061324 11 88 theme mouse 1755:1759 arg1 model 1761:1765 a mouse model 1753:1765 a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease 1753:1815 Thus, male nonobese diabetic mice allow for translational studies on the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease. 28061324 8 89 theme vehicle 1218:1224 arg1 control 1226:1232 vehicle control 1218:1232 vehicle control 1218:1232 In addition, there were striking increases in both citrate synthase gene expression and enzymatic activity in skeletal muscle of mice in the corticosterone group relative to vehicle control. 28061324 7 90 from enhancement 946:956 arg1 area 989:992 pancreatic insulin-positive area 961:992 pancreatic insulin-positive area 961:992 Relative to the vehicle control group, mice receiving corticosterone had a significant enhancement in pancreatic insulin-positive area, but a marked decrease in CD3+ cell infiltration. 28061324 9 91 theme glycogen 1245:1252 arg1 synthase 1254:1261 glycogen synthase 1245:1261 glycogen synthase expression 1245:1272 Moreover, glycogen synthase expression was greatly enhanced, consistent with elevations in muscle glycogen storage in mice receiving corticosterone. 28061324 7 92 theme insulin-positive 972:987 arg1 area 989:992 pancreatic insulin-positive area 961:992 pancreatic insulin-positive area 961:992 Relative to the vehicle control group, mice receiving corticosterone had a significant enhancement in pancreatic insulin-positive area, but a marked decrease in CD3+ cell infiltration. 28709962 10 0 dep group 1488:1492 arg1 animals 1502:1508 animals 1502:1508 animals 1502:1508 Severe small bile duct injury was not affected by macrophage depletion, and persisted in the liposomes+IRI+LPS group (50% of animals) and liposomes+LPS group (75% of animals). 28709962 10 0 dep group 1488:1492 arg1 % 1497:1497 50% 1495:1497 50% of animals 1495:1508 Severe small bile duct injury was not affected by macrophage depletion, and persisted in the liposomes+IRI+LPS group (50% of animals) and liposomes+LPS group (75% of animals). 28709962 10 1 theme liposomes+IRI+LPS 1470:1486 arg1 group 1488:1492 the liposomes+IRI+LPS group 1466:1492 the liposomes+IRI+LPS group (50% of animals) 1466:1509 Severe small bile duct injury was not affected by macrophage depletion, and persisted in the liposomes+IRI+LPS group (50% of animals) and liposomes+LPS group (75% of animals). 28709962 7 2 theme bile 1079:1082 arg1 composition 1084:1094 bile composition 1079:1094 bile composition 1079:1094 Small bile duct injury was assessed, serum liver tests were performed and bile composition was evaluated. 28709962 10 3 theme animals 1502:1508 arg1 animals 1502:1508 animals 1502:1508 animals 1502:1508 Severe small bile duct injury was not affected by macrophage depletion, and persisted in the liposomes+IRI+LPS group (50% of animals) and liposomes+LPS group (75% of animals). 28709962 10 3 theme animals 1502:1508 arg1 % 1497:1497 50% 1495:1497 50% of animals 1495:1508 Severe small bile duct injury was not affected by macrophage depletion, and persisted in the liposomes+IRI+LPS group (50% of animals) and liposomes+LPS group (75% of animals). 28709962 5 4 theme sham 660:663 arg1 operation 665:673 sham operation 660:673 sham operation 660:673 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 4 theme sham 660:663 arg1 groups 606:611 six study groups 596:611 six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS) 596:907 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 5 with administration 743:756 arg1 administration 821:834 LPS administration 817:834 LPS administration (IRI+LPS) 817:844 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 5 with administration 743:756 arg1 IRI+LPS 837:843 IRI+LPS 837:843 IRI+LPS 837:843 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 8 6 theme administered 1196:1207 arg1 HRP 1233:1235 HRP 1233:1235 HRP 1233:1235 The permeability of the blood-biliary barrier (BBB) was assessed using intravenously administered horseradish peroxidase (HRP). 28709962 8 6 theme administered 1196:1207 arg1 peroxidase 1221:1230 intravenously administered horseradish peroxidase 1182:1230 intravenously administered horseradish peroxidase (HRP) 1182:1236 The permeability of the blood-biliary barrier (BBB) was assessed using intravenously administered horseradish peroxidase (HRP). 28709962 11 7 theme BBB 1563:1565 arg1 impairment 1567:1576 BBB impairment 1563:1576 BBB impairment 1563:1576 Likewise, BBB impairment persisted following macrophage depletion. 28709962 8 8 theme barrier 1149:1155 arg1 permeability 1115:1126 The permeability 1111:1126 The permeability of the blood-biliary barrier (BBB) 1111:1161 The permeability of the blood-biliary barrier (BBB) was assessed using intravenously administered horseradish peroxidase (HRP). 28709962 12 9 theme Mcp-1 1659:1663 arg1 elevation 1632:1640 LPS-induced elevation 1620:1640 LPS-induced elevation of the chemokine Mcp-1 in bile 1620:1671 LPS-induced elevation of the chemokine Mcp-1 in bile was not affected by macrophage depletion. 28709962 10 10 dep group 1529:1533 arg1 % 1538:1538 75% 1536:1538 75% of animals 1536:1549 Severe small bile duct injury was not affected by macrophage depletion, and persisted in the liposomes+IRI+LPS group (50% of animals) and liposomes+LPS group (75% of animals). 28709962 10 10 dep group 1529:1533 arg1 animals 1543:1549 animals 1543:1549 animals 1543:1549 Severe small bile duct injury was not affected by macrophage depletion, and persisted in the liposomes+IRI+LPS group (50% of animals) and liposomes+LPS group (75% of animals). 28709962 5 11 theme liposome 850:857 arg1 treatment 859:867 liposome treatment 850:867 liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS) 850:907 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 11 theme liposome 850:857 arg1 groups 606:611 six study groups 596:611 six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS) 596:907 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 12 theme 1mg/kg 693:698 arg1 LPS 700:702 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS) 693:713 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS) 693:713 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 12 theme 1mg/kg 693:698 arg1 LPS 710:712 LPS 710:712 LPS 710:712 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 12 theme 1mg/kg 693:698 arg1 groups 606:611 six study groups 596:611 six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS) 596:907 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 3 13 from pivotal 348:354 arg1 development 363:373 the development 359:373 the development of endotoxin-induced biliary injury 359:409 We hypothesized that hepatic macrophages are pivotal in the development of endotoxin-induced biliary injury and that no injury would occur in their absence. 28709962 5 14 theme LPS 817:819 arg1 administration 821:834 LPS administration 817:834 LPS administration (IRI+LPS) 817:844 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 14 theme LPS 817:819 arg1 IRI+LPS 837:843 IRI+LPS 837:843 IRI+LPS 837:843 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 0 15 theme macrophages 12:22 arg1 role 4:7 The role 0:7 The role of macrophages in the development of biliary injury in a lipopolysaccharide-aggravated hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion model. 0:131 The role of macrophages in the development of biliary injury in a lipopolysaccharide-aggravated hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion model. 28709962 5 16 theme ischaemia-reperfusion 783:803 arg1 groups 606:611 six study groups 596:611 six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS) 596:907 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 16 theme ischaemia-reperfusion 783:803 arg1 injury 805:810 hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury 775:810 hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) 775:844 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 17 with operation 619:627 arg1 administration 821:834 LPS administration 817:834 LPS administration (IRI+LPS) 817:844 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 17 with operation 619:627 arg1 IRI+LPS 837:843 IRI+LPS 837:843 IRI+LPS 837:843 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 4 18 theme MATERIAL 460:467 arg1 liposomes 492:500 MATERIAL AND METHODS Clodronate liposomes 460:500 MATERIAL AND METHODS Clodronate liposomes 460:500 MATERIAL AND METHODS Clodronate liposomes were used to deplete macrophages from the liver. 28709962 7 19 theme bile 1011:1014 arg1 injury 1021:1026 Small bile duct injury 1005:1026 Small bile duct injury 1005:1026 Small bile duct injury was assessed, serum liver tests were performed and bile composition was evaluated. 28709962 1 20 theme INTRODUCTION 133:144 arg1 Endotoxins 146:155 INTRODUCTION Endotoxins 133:155 INTRODUCTION Endotoxins 133:155 INTRODUCTION Endotoxins, in the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are potent inducers of biliary injury. 28709962 1 20 theme INTRODUCTION 133:144 arg1 inducers 211:218 potent inducers 204:218 potent inducers of biliary injury 204:236 INTRODUCTION Endotoxins, in the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are potent inducers of biliary injury. 28709962 12 21 theme chemokine 1649:1657 arg1 Mcp-1 1659:1663 the chemokine Mcp-1 1645:1663 the chemokine Mcp-1 1645:1663 LPS-induced elevation of the chemokine Mcp-1 in bile was not affected by macrophage depletion. 28709962 0 22 theme biliary 46:52 arg1 injury 54:59 biliary injury 46:59 biliary injury 46:59 The role of macrophages in the development of biliary injury in a lipopolysaccharide-aggravated hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion model. 28709962 10 23 theme duct 1395:1398 arg1 injury 1400:1405 Severe small bile duct injury 1377:1405 Severe small bile duct injury 1377:1405 Severe small bile duct injury was not affected by macrophage depletion, and persisted in the liposomes+IRI+LPS group (50% of animals) and liposomes+LPS group (75% of animals). 28709962 13 24 theme LPS-enhanced 1823:1834 arg1 IRI 1836:1838 LPS-enhanced IRI 1823:1838 LPS-enhanced IRI 1823:1838 CONCLUSIONS Depletion of hepatic macrophages did not prevent development of biliary injury following LPS or LPS-enhanced IRI. 28709962 5 25 theme LPS 739:741 arg1 administration 743:756 LPS administration 739:756 LPS administration 739:756 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 25 theme LPS 739:741 arg1 groups 606:611 six study groups 596:611 six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS) 596:907 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 12 26 theme LPS-induced 1620:1630 arg1 elevation 1632:1640 LPS-induced elevation 1620:1640 LPS-induced elevation of the chemokine Mcp-1 in bile 1620:1671 LPS-induced elevation of the chemokine Mcp-1 in bile was not affected by macrophage depletion. 28709962 6 27 theme liver 956:960 arg1 tissue 962:967 liver tissue 956:967 liver tissue 956:967 Following 6h of reperfusion, blood, bile, and liver tissue was collected for further analysis. 28709962 5 28 with treatment 859:867 arg1 administration 821:834 LPS administration 817:834 LPS administration (IRI+LPS) 817:844 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 28 with treatment 859:867 arg1 IRI+LPS 837:843 IRI+LPS 837:843 IRI+LPS 837:843 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 0 29 theme lipopolysaccharide-aggravated 66:94 arg1 model 126:130 a lipopolysaccharide-aggravated hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion model 64:130 a lipopolysaccharide-aggravated hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion model 64:130 The role of macrophages in the development of biliary injury in a lipopolysaccharide-aggravated hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion model. 28709962 9 30 theme hepatic 1263:1269 arg1 macrophages 1271:1281 hepatic macrophages 1263:1281 hepatic macrophages 1263:1281 RESULTS The presence of hepatic macrophages was reduced by 90% in LPS and IRI+LPS groups pre-treated with clodronate liposomes (P<0.001). 28709962 5 31 theme sham 614:617 arg1 liposomes+LPS 759:771 liposomes+LPS 759:771 liposomes+LPS 759:771 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 31 theme sham 614:617 arg1 liposomes+sham 676:689 liposomes+sham 676:689 liposomes+sham 676:689 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 31 theme sham 614:617 arg1 sham 630:633 sham 630:633 sham 630:633 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 31 theme sham 614:617 arg1 groups 606:611 six study groups 596:611 six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS) 596:907 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 31 theme sham 614:617 arg1 operation 619:627 sham operation 614:627 sham operation (sham) 614:634 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 0 32 from development 31:41 arg1 model 126:130 a lipopolysaccharide-aggravated hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion model 64:130 a lipopolysaccharide-aggravated hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion model 64:130 The role of macrophages in the development of biliary injury in a lipopolysaccharide-aggravated hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion model. 28709962 13 33 theme injury 1799:1804 arg1 development 1776:1786 development 1776:1786 development of biliary injury following LPS or LPS-enhanced IRI 1776:1838 CONCLUSIONS Depletion of hepatic macrophages did not prevent development of biliary injury following LPS or LPS-enhanced IRI. 28709962 0 34 theme ischaemia-reperfusion 104:124 arg1 model 126:130 a lipopolysaccharide-aggravated hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion model 64:130 a lipopolysaccharide-aggravated hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion model 64:130 The role of macrophages in the development of biliary injury in a lipopolysaccharide-aggravated hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion model. 28709962 1 35 from Endotoxins 146:155 arg1 form 165:168 the form 161:168 the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 161:197 INTRODUCTION Endotoxins, in the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are potent inducers of biliary injury. 28709962 3 36 theme biliary 396:402 arg1 injury 404:409 endotoxin-induced biliary injury 378:409 endotoxin-induced biliary injury 378:409 We hypothesized that hepatic macrophages are pivotal in the development of endotoxin-induced biliary injury and that no injury would occur in their absence. 28709962 0 37 theme injury 54:59 arg1 development 31:41 the development 27:41 the development of biliary injury in a lipopolysaccharide-aggravated hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion model 27:130 The role of macrophages in the development of biliary injury in a lipopolysaccharide-aggravated hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion model. 28709962 5 38 theme hepatic 775:781 arg1 groups 606:611 six study groups 596:611 six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS) 596:907 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 38 theme hepatic 775:781 arg1 injury 805:810 hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury 775:810 hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) 775:844 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 15 39 theme Issue 1960:1964 arg1 part 1942:1945 part 1942:1945 part of a Special Issue entitled 1942:1973 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cholangiocytes in Health and Diseaseedited by Jesus Banales, Marco Marzioni, Nicholas LaRusso and Peter Jansen. 28709962 10 40 theme macrophage 1427:1436 arg1 depletion 1438:1446 macrophage depletion 1427:1446 macrophage depletion 1427:1446 Severe small bile duct injury was not affected by macrophage depletion, and persisted in the liposomes+IRI+LPS group (50% of animals) and liposomes+LPS group (75% of animals). 28709962 9 41 theme LPS 1305:1307 arg1 groups 1321:1326 LPS and IRI+LPS groups 1305:1326 LPS and IRI+LPS groups pre-treated with clodronate liposomes (P<0.001) 1305:1374 RESULTS The presence of hepatic macrophages was reduced by 90% in LPS and IRI+LPS groups pre-treated with clodronate liposomes (P<0.001). 28709962 9 42 theme IRI+LPS 1313:1319 arg1 groups 1321:1326 LPS and IRI+LPS groups 1305:1326 LPS and IRI+LPS groups pre-treated with clodronate liposomes (P<0.001) 1305:1374 RESULTS The presence of hepatic macrophages was reduced by 90% in LPS and IRI+LPS groups pre-treated with clodronate liposomes (P<0.001). 28709962 5 43 dep groups 606:611 arg1 liposomes+LPS 759:771 liposomes+LPS 759:771 liposomes+LPS 759:771 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 43 dep groups 606:611 arg1 LPS 700:702 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS) 693:713 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS) 693:713 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 43 dep groups 606:611 arg1 sham 630:633 sham 630:633 sham 630:633 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 43 dep groups 606:611 arg1 treatment 725:733 liposome treatment 716:733 liposome treatment 716:733 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 43 dep groups 606:611 arg1 operation 665:673 sham operation 660:673 sham operation 660:673 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 43 dep groups 606:611 arg1 injury 805:810 hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury 775:810 hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) 775:844 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 43 dep groups 606:611 arg1 groups 606:611 six study groups 596:611 six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS) 596:907 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 43 dep groups 606:611 arg1 liposomes+sham 676:689 liposomes+sham 676:689 liposomes+sham 676:689 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 43 dep groups 606:611 arg1 LPS 710:712 LPS 710:712 LPS 710:712 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 43 dep groups 606:611 arg1 operation 619:627 sham operation 614:627 sham operation (sham) 614:634 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 43 dep groups 606:611 arg1 treatment 646:654 liposome treatment 637:654 liposome treatment 637:654 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 43 dep groups 606:611 arg1 administration 743:756 LPS administration 739:756 LPS administration 739:756 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 43 dep groups 606:611 arg1 treatment 859:867 liposome treatment 850:867 liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS) 850:907 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 9 44 theme clodronate 1345:1354 arg1 P<0.001 1367:1373 P<0.001 1367:1373 P<0.001 1367:1373 RESULTS The presence of hepatic macrophages was reduced by 90% in LPS and IRI+LPS groups pre-treated with clodronate liposomes (P<0.001). 28709962 9 44 theme clodronate 1345:1354 arg1 liposomes 1356:1364 clodronate liposomes 1345:1364 clodronate liposomes (P<0.001) 1345:1374 RESULTS The presence of hepatic macrophages was reduced by 90% in LPS and IRI+LPS groups pre-treated with clodronate liposomes (P<0.001). 28709962 14 45 theme macrophage 1878:1887 arg1 activation 1889:1898 macrophage activation 1878:1898 Cholangiocyte activation rather than macrophage activation 1841:1898 Cholangiocyte activation rather than macrophage activation may underlie this injury. 28709962 13 46 theme macrophages 1748:1758 arg1 Depletion 1727:1735 CONCLUSIONS Depletion 1715:1735 CONCLUSIONS Depletion of hepatic macrophages 1715:1758 CONCLUSIONS Depletion of hepatic macrophages did not prevent development of biliary injury following LPS or LPS-enhanced IRI. 28709962 5 47 theme liposome 637:644 arg1 treatment 646:654 liposome treatment 637:654 liposome treatment 637:654 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 47 theme liposome 637:644 arg1 groups 606:611 six study groups 596:611 six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS) 596:907 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 48 with treatment 646:654 arg1 administration 821:834 LPS administration 817:834 LPS administration (IRI+LPS) 817:844 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 48 with treatment 646:654 arg1 IRI+LPS 837:843 IRI+LPS 837:843 IRI+LPS 837:843 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 12 49 theme macrophage 1693:1702 arg1 depletion 1704:1712 macrophage depletion 1693:1712 macrophage depletion 1693:1712 LPS-induced elevation of the chemokine Mcp-1 in bile was not affected by macrophage depletion. 28709962 13 50 theme CONCLUSIONS 1715:1725 arg1 Depletion 1727:1735 CONCLUSIONS Depletion 1715:1735 CONCLUSIONS Depletion of hepatic macrophages 1715:1758 CONCLUSIONS Depletion of hepatic macrophages did not prevent development of biliary injury following LPS or LPS-enhanced IRI. 28709962 7 51 theme liver 1048:1052 arg1 tests 1054:1058 serum liver tests 1042:1058 serum liver tests 1042:1058 Small bile duct injury was assessed, serum liver tests were performed and bile composition was evaluated. 28709962 1 52 theme lipopolysaccharides 173:191 arg1 form 165:168 the form 161:168 the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 161:197 INTRODUCTION Endotoxins, in the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are potent inducers of biliary injury. 28709962 8 53 theme blood-biliary 1135:1147 arg1 BBB 1158:1160 BBB 1158:1160 BBB 1158:1160 The permeability of the blood-biliary barrier (BBB) was assessed using intravenously administered horseradish peroxidase (HRP). 28709962 8 53 theme blood-biliary 1135:1147 arg1 barrier 1149:1155 the blood-biliary barrier 1131:1155 the blood-biliary barrier (BBB) 1131:1161 The permeability of the blood-biliary barrier (BBB) was assessed using intravenously administered horseradish peroxidase (HRP). 28709962 7 54 theme serum 1042:1046 arg1 tests 1054:1058 serum liver tests 1042:1058 serum liver tests 1042:1058 Small bile duct injury was assessed, serum liver tests were performed and bile composition was evaluated. 28709962 5 55 with injury 805:810 arg1 administration 821:834 LPS administration 817:834 LPS administration (IRI+LPS) 817:844 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 55 with injury 805:810 arg1 IRI+LPS 837:843 IRI+LPS 837:843 IRI+LPS 837:843 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 8 56 theme horseradish 1209:1219 arg1 HRP 1233:1235 HRP 1233:1235 HRP 1233:1235 The permeability of the blood-biliary barrier (BBB) was assessed using intravenously administered horseradish peroxidase (HRP). 28709962 8 56 theme horseradish 1209:1219 arg1 peroxidase 1221:1230 intravenously administered horseradish peroxidase 1182:1230 intravenously administered horseradish peroxidase (HRP) 1182:1236 The permeability of the blood-biliary barrier (BBB) was assessed using intravenously administered horseradish peroxidase (HRP). 28709962 10 57 theme liposomes+LPS 1515:1527 arg1 group 1529:1533 liposomes+LPS group 1515:1533 liposomes+LPS group (75% of animals) 1515:1550 Severe small bile duct injury was not affected by macrophage depletion, and persisted in the liposomes+IRI+LPS group (50% of animals) and liposomes+LPS group (75% of animals). 28709962 10 58 theme animals 1543:1549 arg1 % 1538:1538 75% 1536:1538 75% of animals 1536:1549 Severe small bile duct injury was not affected by macrophage depletion, and persisted in the liposomes+IRI+LPS group (50% of animals) and liposomes+LPS group (75% of animals). 28709962 10 58 theme animals 1543:1549 arg1 animals 1543:1549 animals 1543:1549 animals 1543:1549 Severe small bile duct injury was not affected by macrophage depletion, and persisted in the liposomes+IRI+LPS group (50% of animals) and liposomes+LPS group (75% of animals). 28709962 7 59 theme duct 1016:1019 arg1 injury 1021:1026 Small bile duct injury 1005:1026 Small bile duct injury 1005:1026 Small bile duct injury was assessed, serum liver tests were performed and bile composition was evaluated. 28709962 14 60 theme Cholangiocyte 1841:1853 arg1 activation 1855:1864 Cholangiocyte activation 1841:1864 Cholangiocyte activation rather than macrophage activation 1841:1898 Cholangiocyte activation rather than macrophage activation may underlie this injury. 28709962 1 61 theme potent 204:209 arg1 Endotoxins 146:155 INTRODUCTION Endotoxins 133:155 INTRODUCTION Endotoxins 133:155 INTRODUCTION Endotoxins, in the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are potent inducers of biliary injury. 28709962 1 61 theme potent 204:209 arg1 inducers 211:218 potent inducers 204:218 potent inducers of biliary injury 204:236 INTRODUCTION Endotoxins, in the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are potent inducers of biliary injury. 28709962 6 62 theme reperfusion 926:936 arg1 6h 920:921 6h 920:921 6h of reperfusion 920:936 Following 6h of reperfusion, blood, bile, and liver tissue was collected for further analysis. 28709962 7 63 theme Small 1005:1009 arg1 injury 1021:1026 Small bile duct injury 1005:1026 Small bile duct injury 1005:1026 Small bile duct injury was assessed, serum liver tests were performed and bile composition was evaluated. 28709962 3 64 from development 363:373 arg1 pivotal 348:354 pivotal 348:354 pivotal 348:354 We hypothesized that hepatic macrophages are pivotal in the development of endotoxin-induced biliary injury and that no injury would occur in their absence. 28709962 12 65 from elevation 1632:1640 arg1 bile 1668:1671 bile 1668:1671 bile 1668:1671 LPS-induced elevation of the chemokine Mcp-1 in bile was not affected by macrophage depletion. 28709962 10 66 theme small 1384:1388 arg1 injury 1400:1405 Severe small bile duct injury 1377:1405 Severe small bile duct injury 1377:1405 Severe small bile duct injury was not affected by macrophage depletion, and persisted in the liposomes+IRI+LPS group (50% of animals) and liposomes+LPS group (75% of animals). 28709962 6 67 theme further 987:993 arg1 analysis 995:1002 further analysis 987:1002 further analysis 987:1002 Following 6h of reperfusion, blood, bile, and liver tissue was collected for further analysis. 28709962 5 68 theme liposome 716:723 arg1 treatment 725:733 liposome treatment 716:733 liposome treatment 716:733 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 68 theme liposome 716:723 arg1 groups 606:611 six study groups 596:611 six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS) 596:907 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 69 with treatment 725:733 arg1 administration 821:834 LPS administration 817:834 LPS administration (IRI+LPS) 817:844 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 69 with treatment 725:733 arg1 IRI+LPS 837:843 IRI+LPS 837:843 IRI+LPS 837:843 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 3 70 theme hepatic 324:330 arg1 macrophages 332:342 hepatic macrophages 324:342 hepatic macrophages 324:342 We hypothesized that hepatic macrophages are pivotal in the development of endotoxin-induced biliary injury and that no injury would occur in their absence. 28709962 0 71 from role 4:7 arg1 development 31:41 the development 27:41 the development of biliary injury in a lipopolysaccharide-aggravated hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion model 27:130 The role of macrophages in the development of biliary injury in a lipopolysaccharide-aggravated hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion model. 28709962 10 72 theme bile 1390:1393 arg1 injury 1400:1405 Severe small bile duct injury 1377:1405 Severe small bile duct injury 1377:1405 Severe small bile duct injury was not affected by macrophage depletion, and persisted in the liposomes+IRI+LPS group (50% of animals) and liposomes+LPS group (75% of animals). 28709962 0 73 theme hepatic 96:102 arg1 model 126:130 a lipopolysaccharide-aggravated hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion model 64:130 a lipopolysaccharide-aggravated hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion model 64:130 The role of macrophages in the development of biliary injury in a lipopolysaccharide-aggravated hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion model. 28709962 4 74 theme Clodronate 481:490 arg1 liposomes 492:500 MATERIAL AND METHODS Clodronate liposomes 460:500 MATERIAL AND METHODS Clodronate liposomes 460:500 MATERIAL AND METHODS Clodronate liposomes were used to deplete macrophages from the liver. 28709962 10 75 theme Severe 1377:1382 arg1 injury 1400:1405 Severe small bile duct injury 1377:1405 Severe small bile duct injury 1377:1405 Severe small bile duct injury was not affected by macrophage depletion, and persisted in the liposomes+IRI+LPS group (50% of animals) and liposomes+LPS group (75% of animals). 28709962 13 76 theme biliary 1791:1797 arg1 injury 1799:1804 biliary injury 1791:1804 biliary injury 1791:1804 CONCLUSIONS Depletion of hepatic macrophages did not prevent development of biliary injury following LPS or LPS-enhanced IRI. 28709962 15 77 dep part 1942:1945 arg1 Cholangiocytes 1976:1989 Cholangiocytes 1976:1989 Cholangiocytes in Health and Diseaseedited by Jesus Banales, Marco Marzioni, Nicholas LaRusso and Peter Jansen 1976:2085 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cholangiocytes in Health and Diseaseedited by Jesus Banales, Marco Marzioni, Nicholas LaRusso and Peter Jansen. 28709962 9 78 theme macrophages 1271:1281 arg1 presence 1251:1258 The presence 1247:1258 The presence of hepatic macrophages 1247:1281 RESULTS The presence of hepatic macrophages was reduced by 90% in LPS and IRI+LPS groups pre-treated with clodronate liposomes (P<0.001). 28709962 4 79 theme METHODS 473:479 arg1 liposomes 492:500 MATERIAL AND METHODS Clodronate liposomes 460:500 MATERIAL AND METHODS Clodronate liposomes 460:500 MATERIAL AND METHODS Clodronate liposomes were used to deplete macrophages from the liver. 28709962 5 80 with operation 665:673 arg1 administration 821:834 LPS administration 817:834 LPS administration (IRI+LPS) 817:844 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 80 with operation 665:673 arg1 IRI+LPS 837:843 IRI+LPS 837:843 IRI+LPS 837:843 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 3 81 theme injury 404:409 arg1 development 363:373 the development 359:373 the development of endotoxin-induced biliary injury 359:409 We hypothesized that hepatic macrophages are pivotal in the development of endotoxin-induced biliary injury and that no injury would occur in their absence. 28709962 4 82 used used 507:510 arg2 liposomes 492:500 MATERIAL AND METHODS Clodronate liposomes 460:500 MATERIAL AND METHODS Clodronate liposomes 460:500 MATERIAL AND METHODS Clodronate liposomes were used to deplete macrophages from the liver. 28709962 5 83 theme study 600:604 arg1 LPS 700:702 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS) 693:713 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS) 693:713 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 83 theme study 600:604 arg1 treatment 725:733 liposome treatment 716:733 liposome treatment 716:733 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 83 theme study 600:604 arg1 operation 665:673 sham operation 660:673 sham operation 660:673 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 83 theme study 600:604 arg1 injury 805:810 hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury 775:810 hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) 775:844 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 83 theme study 600:604 arg1 groups 606:611 six study groups 596:611 six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS) 596:907 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 83 theme study 600:604 arg1 operation 619:627 sham operation 614:627 sham operation (sham) 614:634 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 83 theme study 600:604 arg1 treatment 646:654 liposome treatment 637:654 liposome treatment 637:654 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 83 theme study 600:604 arg1 administration 743:756 LPS administration 739:756 LPS administration 739:756 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 83 theme study 600:604 arg1 treatment 859:867 liposome treatment 850:867 liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS) 850:907 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 84 with LPS 700:702 arg1 administration 821:834 LPS administration 817:834 LPS administration (IRI+LPS) 817:844 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 5 84 with LPS 700:702 arg1 IRI+LPS 837:843 IRI+LPS 837:843 IRI+LPS 837:843 Forty-eight rats were equally divided across six study groups: sham operation (sham), liposome treatment and sham operation (liposomes+sham), 1mg/kg LPS i.p. (LPS), liposome treatment and LPS administration (liposomes+LPS), hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury with LPS administration (IRI+LPS) and liposome treatment followed by IRI+LPS (liposomes+IRI+LPS). 28709962 3 85 theme endotoxin-induced 378:394 arg1 injury 404:409 endotoxin-induced biliary injury 378:409 endotoxin-induced biliary injury 378:409 We hypothesized that hepatic macrophages are pivotal in the development of endotoxin-induced biliary injury and that no injury would occur in their absence. 28709962 9 86 dep RESULTS 1239:1245 arg1 reduced 1287:1293 reduced 1287:1293 was reduced by 90% in LPS and IRI+LPS groups pre-treated with clodronate liposomes (P<0.001) 1283:1374 RESULTS The presence of hepatic macrophages was reduced by 90% in LPS and IRI+LPS groups pre-treated with clodronate liposomes (P<0.001). 28709962 15 87 theme Special 1952:1958 arg1 Issue 1960:1964 a Special Issue 1950:1964 a Special Issue entitled 1950:1973 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cholangiocytes in Health and Diseaseedited by Jesus Banales, Marco Marzioni, Nicholas LaRusso and Peter Jansen. 28709962 11 88 theme macrophage 1598:1607 arg1 depletion 1609:1617 macrophage depletion 1598:1617 macrophage depletion 1598:1617 Likewise, BBB impairment persisted following macrophage depletion. 28709962 1 89 theme injury 231:236 arg1 Endotoxins 146:155 INTRODUCTION Endotoxins 133:155 INTRODUCTION Endotoxins 133:155 INTRODUCTION Endotoxins, in the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are potent inducers of biliary injury. 28709962 1 89 theme injury 231:236 arg1 inducers 211:218 potent inducers 204:218 potent inducers of biliary injury 204:236 INTRODUCTION Endotoxins, in the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are potent inducers of biliary injury. 28709962 15 90 from Cholangiocytes 1976:1989 arg1 Diseaseedited 2005:2017 Diseaseedited 2005:2017 Diseaseedited 2005:2017 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cholangiocytes in Health and Diseaseedited by Jesus Banales, Marco Marzioni, Nicholas LaRusso and Peter Jansen. 28709962 15 90 from Cholangiocytes 1976:1989 arg1 Health 1994:1999 Health 1994:1999 Health 1994:1999 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cholangiocytes in Health and Diseaseedited by Jesus Banales, Marco Marzioni, Nicholas LaRusso and Peter Jansen. 28709962 1 91 theme biliary 223:229 arg1 injury 231:236 biliary injury 223:236 biliary injury 223:236 INTRODUCTION Endotoxins, in the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are potent inducers of biliary injury. 28709962 13 92 theme hepatic 1740:1746 arg1 macrophages 1748:1758 hepatic macrophages 1740:1758 hepatic macrophages 1740:1758 CONCLUSIONS Depletion of hepatic macrophages did not prevent development of biliary injury following LPS or LPS-enhanced IRI. 27756823 6 0 theme altered 867:873 arg1 activity 880:887 altered DEK1 activity 867:887 altered DEK1 activity 867:887 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 7 1 theme Calpain-overexpressing 1197:1218 arg1 plants 1220:1225 Calpain-overexpressing plants 1197:1225 Calpain-overexpressing plants 1197:1225 Calpain-overexpressing plants also have increased levels of cellulose and pectins in epidermal cell walls, and this is correlated with the expression of several cell wall-related genes, linking transcriptional regulation downstream of DEK1 with cellular effects. 27756823 4 2 theme growth 547:552 arg1 studies 564:570 growth kinematic studies 547:570 growth kinematic studies 547:570 We have combined growth kinematic studies, cell wall analysis, and transcriptional analysis of genes downstream of DEK1 to determine the cause of phenotypic changes observed in DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). 27756823 2 3 theme transcription 336:348 arg1 factors 350:356 epidermis-specific transcription factors 317:356 epidermis-specific transcription factors 317:356 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) is a master regulator of epidermal differentiation and maintenance, acting upstream of epidermis-specific transcription factors, and is required for correct cell adhesion. 27756823 7 4 theme cellular 1442:1449 arg1 effects 1451:1457 cellular effects 1442:1457 cellular effects 1442:1457 Calpain-overexpressing plants also have increased levels of cellulose and pectins in epidermal cell walls, and this is correlated with the expression of several cell wall-related genes, linking transcriptional regulation downstream of DEK1 with cellular effects. 27756823 7 5 theme cell 1292:1295 arg1 walls 1297:1301 epidermal cell walls 1282:1301 epidermal cell walls 1282:1301 Calpain-overexpressing plants also have increased levels of cellulose and pectins in epidermal cell walls, and this is correlated with the expression of several cell wall-related genes, linking transcriptional regulation downstream of DEK1 with cellular effects. 27756823 4 6 theme genes 625:629 arg1 studies 564:570 growth kinematic studies 547:570 growth kinematic studies 547:570 We have combined growth kinematic studies, cell wall analysis, and transcriptional analysis of genes downstream of DEK1 to determine the cause of phenotypic changes observed in DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). 27756823 4 6 theme genes 625:629 arg1 analysis 613:620 transcriptional analysis 597:620 transcriptional analysis of genes downstream of DEK1 597:648 We have combined growth kinematic studies, cell wall analysis, and transcriptional analysis of genes downstream of DEK1 to determine the cause of phenotypic changes observed in DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). 27756823 4 6 theme genes 625:629 arg1 analysis 583:590 cell wall analysis 573:590 cell wall analysis 573:590 We have combined growth kinematic studies, cell wall analysis, and transcriptional analysis of genes downstream of DEK1 to determine the cause of phenotypic changes observed in DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). 27756823 8 7 from regulation 1565:1574 arg1 understanding 1501:1513 our understanding 1497:1513 our understanding of the role of the epidermal cell walls in growth regulation 1497:1574 These findings significantly advance our understanding of the role of the epidermal cell walls in growth regulation and establish a new role for DEK1 in pathways regulating epidermal cell wall deposition and remodeling. 27756823 2 8 theme master 235:240 arg1 KERNEL1 215:221 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 188:221 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) 188:228 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) is a master regulator of epidermal differentiation and maintenance, acting upstream of epidermis-specific transcription factors, and is required for correct cell adhesion. 27756823 2 8 theme master 235:240 arg1 regulator 242:250 a master regulator 233:250 a master regulator of epidermal differentiation and maintenance, acting upstream of epidermis-specific transcription factors, 233:357 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) is a master regulator of epidermal differentiation and maintenance, acting upstream of epidermis-specific transcription factors, and is required for correct cell adhesion. 27756823 7 9 theme DEK1 1432:1435 arg1 downstream 1418:1427 downstream 1418:1427 downstream 1418:1427 Calpain-overexpressing plants also have increased levels of cellulose and pectins in epidermal cell walls, and this is correlated with the expression of several cell wall-related genes, linking transcriptional regulation downstream of DEK1 with cellular effects. 27756823 7 10 from levels 1247:1252 arg1 walls 1297:1301 epidermal cell walls 1282:1301 epidermal cell walls 1282:1301 Calpain-overexpressing plants also have increased levels of cellulose and pectins in epidermal cell walls, and this is correlated with the expression of several cell wall-related genes, linking transcriptional regulation downstream of DEK1 with cellular effects. 27756823 7 11 theme genes 1376:1380 arg1 expression 1336:1345 the expression 1332:1345 the expression of several cell wall-related genes 1332:1380 Calpain-overexpressing plants also have increased levels of cellulose and pectins in epidermal cell walls, and this is correlated with the expression of several cell wall-related genes, linking transcriptional regulation downstream of DEK1 with cellular effects. 27756823 3 12 from defects 463:469 arg1 epidermis 478:486 the epidermis 474:486 the epidermis 474:486 It is currently unclear how changes in DEK1 lead to cellular defects in the epidermis and the pathways through which DEK1 acts. 27756823 3 12 from defects 463:469 arg1 pathways 496:503 the pathways 492:503 the pathways through which DEK1 acts 492:527 It is currently unclear how changes in DEK1 lead to cellular defects in the epidermis and the pathways through which DEK1 acts. 27756823 2 13 theme maintenance 285:295 arg1 KERNEL1 215:221 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 188:221 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) 188:228 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) is a master regulator of epidermal differentiation and maintenance, acting upstream of epidermis-specific transcription factors, and is required for correct cell adhesion. 27756823 2 13 theme maintenance 285:295 arg1 regulator 242:250 a master regulator 233:250 a master regulator of epidermal differentiation and maintenance, acting upstream of epidermis-specific transcription factors, 233:357 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) is a master regulator of epidermal differentiation and maintenance, acting upstream of epidermis-specific transcription factors, and is required for correct cell adhesion. 27756823 5 14 theme epidermal 825:833 arg1 structure 845:853 leaf epidermal cell wall structure 820:853 leaf epidermal cell wall structure 820:853 We reveal a novel role for DEK1 in the regulation of leaf epidermal cell wall structure. 27756823 7 15 theme cell 1358:1361 arg1 genes 1376:1380 several cell wall-related genes 1350:1380 several cell wall-related genes 1350:1380 Calpain-overexpressing plants also have increased levels of cellulose and pectins in epidermal cell walls, and this is correlated with the expression of several cell wall-related genes, linking transcriptional regulation downstream of DEK1 with cellular effects. 27756823 2 16 theme differentiation 265:279 arg1 KERNEL1 215:221 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 188:221 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) 188:228 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) is a master regulator of epidermal differentiation and maintenance, acting upstream of epidermis-specific transcription factors, and is required for correct cell adhesion. 27756823 2 16 theme differentiation 265:279 arg1 regulator 242:250 a master regulator 233:250 a master regulator of epidermal differentiation and maintenance, acting upstream of epidermis-specific transcription factors, 233:357 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) is a master regulator of epidermal differentiation and maintenance, acting upstream of epidermis-specific transcription factors, and is required for correct cell adhesion. 27756823 6 17 theme epidermis-specific 894:911 arg1 changes 913:919 epidermis-specific changes 894:919 epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 894:1085 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 2 18 theme phytocalpain 192:203 arg1 KERNEL1 215:221 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 188:221 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) 188:228 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) is a master regulator of epidermal differentiation and maintenance, acting upstream of epidermis-specific transcription factors, and is required for correct cell adhesion. 27756823 2 18 theme phytocalpain 192:203 arg1 regulator 242:250 a master regulator 233:250 a master regulator of epidermal differentiation and maintenance, acting upstream of epidermis-specific transcription factors, 233:357 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) is a master regulator of epidermal differentiation and maintenance, acting upstream of epidermis-specific transcription factors, and is required for correct cell adhesion. 27756823 2 18 theme phytocalpain 192:203 arg1 DEK1 224:227 DEK1 224:227 DEK1 224:227 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) is a master regulator of epidermal differentiation and maintenance, acting upstream of epidermis-specific transcription factors, and is required for correct cell adhesion. 27756823 6 19 theme CALPAIN 1173:1179 arg1 DEK1 1191:1194 DEK1 1191:1194 DEK1 1191:1194 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 6 19 theme CALPAIN 1173:1179 arg1 domain 1181:1186 the active CALPAIN domain 1162:1186 the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1 1162:1194 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 4 20 theme changes 687:693 arg1 cause 667:671 the cause 663:671 the cause of phenotypic changes observed in DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 663:764 We have combined growth kinematic studies, cell wall analysis, and transcriptional analysis of genes downstream of DEK1 to determine the cause of phenotypic changes observed in DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). 27756823 6 21 dep thickness 928:936 arg1 the 924:926 the 924:926 the 924:926 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 5 22 theme wall 840:843 arg1 structure 845:853 leaf epidermal cell wall structure 820:853 leaf epidermal cell wall structure 820:853 We reveal a novel role for DEK1 in the regulation of leaf epidermal cell wall structure. 27756823 6 23 theme walls 977:981 arg1 thickness 928:936 thickness 928:936 thickness 928:936 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 6 23 theme walls 977:981 arg1 composition 957:967 polysaccharide composition 942:967 polysaccharide composition 942:967 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 0 24 theme Leaf 53:56 arg1 Epidermis 58:66 the Leaf Epidermis 49:66 the Leaf Epidermis 49:66 DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) Regulates Cell Walls in the Leaf Epidermis. 27756823 7 25 contain have 1232:1235 arg2 levels 1247:1252 increased levels 1237:1252 increased levels of cellulose 1237:1265 Calpain-overexpressing plants also have increased levels of cellulose and pectins in epidermal cell walls, and this is correlated with the expression of several cell wall-related genes, linking transcriptional regulation downstream of DEK1 with cellular effects. 27756823 7 25 contain have 1232:1235 arg1 plants 1220:1225 Calpain-overexpressing plants 1197:1225 Calpain-overexpressing plants 1197:1225 Calpain-overexpressing plants also have increased levels of cellulose and pectins in epidermal cell walls, and this is correlated with the expression of several cell wall-related genes, linking transcriptional regulation downstream of DEK1 with cellular effects. 27756823 7 25 contain have 1232:1235 arg2 pectins 1271:1277 pectins 1271:1277 pectins in epidermal cell walls 1271:1301 Calpain-overexpressing plants also have increased levels of cellulose and pectins in epidermal cell walls, and this is correlated with the expression of several cell wall-related genes, linking transcriptional regulation downstream of DEK1 with cellular effects. 27756823 4 26 theme Arabidopsis 731:741 arg1 thaliana 756:763 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 731:764 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 731:764 We have combined growth kinematic studies, cell wall analysis, and transcriptional analysis of genes downstream of DEK1 to determine the cause of phenotypic changes observed in DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). 27756823 6 27 theme polysaccharide 942:955 arg1 composition 957:967 polysaccharide composition 942:967 polysaccharide composition 942:967 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 4 28 theme Arabidopsis 744:754 arg1 thaliana 756:763 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 731:764 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 731:764 We have combined growth kinematic studies, cell wall analysis, and transcriptional analysis of genes downstream of DEK1 to determine the cause of phenotypic changes observed in DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). 27756823 2 29 theme correct 379:385 arg1 adhesion 392:399 correct cell adhesion 379:399 correct cell adhesion 379:399 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) is a master regulator of epidermal differentiation and maintenance, acting upstream of epidermis-specific transcription factors, and is required for correct cell adhesion. 27756823 8 30 theme role 1522:1525 arg1 understanding 1501:1513 our understanding 1497:1513 our understanding of the role of the epidermal cell walls in growth regulation 1497:1574 These findings significantly advance our understanding of the role of the epidermal cell walls in growth regulation and establish a new role for DEK1 in pathways regulating epidermal cell wall deposition and remodeling. 27756823 6 31 with plants 1052:1057 arg1 levels 1072:1077 reduced levels 1064:1077 reduced levels of DEK1 1064:1085 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 0 32 theme DEFECTIVE 0:8 arg1 DEK1 19:22 DEK1 19:22 DEK1 19:22 DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) Regulates Cell Walls in the Leaf Epidermis. 27756823 0 32 theme DEFECTIVE 0:8 arg1 KERNEL1 10:16 DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 0:16 DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) 0:23 DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) Regulates Cell Walls in the Leaf Epidermis. 27756823 7 33 theme epidermal 1282:1290 arg1 walls 1297:1301 epidermal cell walls 1282:1301 epidermal cell walls 1282:1301 Calpain-overexpressing plants also have increased levels of cellulose and pectins in epidermal cell walls, and this is correlated with the expression of several cell wall-related genes, linking transcriptional regulation downstream of DEK1 with cellular effects. 27756823 8 34 theme cell 1544:1547 arg1 walls 1549:1553 the epidermal cell walls 1530:1553 the epidermal cell walls 1530:1553 These findings significantly advance our understanding of the role of the epidermal cell walls in growth regulation and establish a new role for DEK1 in pathways regulating epidermal cell wall deposition and remodeling. 27756823 8 35 from role 1522:1525 arg1 regulation 1565:1574 growth regulation 1558:1574 growth regulation 1558:1574 These findings significantly advance our understanding of the role of the epidermal cell walls in growth regulation and establish a new role for DEK1 in pathways regulating epidermal cell wall deposition and remodeling. 27756823 8 36 theme growth 1558:1563 arg1 regulation 1565:1574 growth regulation 1558:1574 growth regulation 1558:1574 These findings significantly advance our understanding of the role of the epidermal cell walls in growth regulation and establish a new role for DEK1 in pathways regulating epidermal cell wall deposition and remodeling. 27756823 2 37 theme epidermis-specific 317:334 arg1 factors 350:356 epidermis-specific transcription factors 317:356 epidermis-specific transcription factors 317:356 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) is a master regulator of epidermal differentiation and maintenance, acting upstream of epidermis-specific transcription factors, and is required for correct cell adhesion. 27756823 0 38 theme Cell 35:38 arg1 Walls 40:44 Cell Walls 35:44 Cell Walls 35:44 DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) Regulates Cell Walls in the Leaf Epidermis. 27756823 7 39 theme cellulose 1257:1265 arg1 levels 1247:1252 increased levels 1237:1252 increased levels of cellulose 1237:1265 Calpain-overexpressing plants also have increased levels of cellulose and pectins in epidermal cell walls, and this is correlated with the expression of several cell wall-related genes, linking transcriptional regulation downstream of DEK1 with cellular effects. 27756823 7 39 theme cellulose 1257:1265 arg1 pectins 1271:1277 pectins 1271:1277 pectins in epidermal cell walls 1271:1301 Calpain-overexpressing plants also have increased levels of cellulose and pectins in epidermal cell walls, and this is correlated with the expression of several cell wall-related genes, linking transcriptional regulation downstream of DEK1 with cellular effects. 27756823 6 40 from changes 913:919 arg1 shape 1107:1111 leaf shape 1102:1111 leaf shape 1102:1111 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 6 40 from changes 913:919 arg1 thickness 928:936 thickness 928:936 thickness 928:936 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 6 40 from changes 913:919 arg1 composition 957:967 polysaccharide composition 942:967 polysaccharide composition 942:967 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 6 40 from changes 913:919 arg1 size 1117:1120 size 1117:1120 size 1117:1120 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 8 41 theme cell 1643:1646 arg1 deposition 1653:1662 epidermal cell wall deposition 1633:1662 epidermal cell wall deposition 1633:1662 These findings significantly advance our understanding of the role of the epidermal cell walls in growth regulation and establish a new role for DEK1 in pathways regulating epidermal cell wall deposition and remodeling. 27756823 6 42 theme DEK1 875:878 arg1 activity 880:887 altered DEK1 activity 867:887 altered DEK1 activity 867:887 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 6 43 theme reduced 1064:1070 arg1 levels 1072:1077 reduced levels 1064:1077 reduced levels of DEK1 1064:1085 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 8 44 theme new 1592:1594 arg1 role 1596:1599 a new role 1590:1599 a new role for DEK1 in pathways regulating epidermal cell wall deposition and remodeling 1590:1677 These findings significantly advance our understanding of the role of the epidermal cell walls in growth regulation and establish a new role for DEK1 in pathways regulating epidermal cell wall deposition and remodeling. 27756823 2 45 theme epidermal 255:263 arg1 differentiation 265:279 epidermal differentiation 255:279 epidermal differentiation 255:279 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) is a master regulator of epidermal differentiation and maintenance, acting upstream of epidermis-specific transcription factors, and is required for correct cell adhesion. 27756823 4 46 theme kinematic 554:562 arg1 studies 564:570 growth kinematic studies 547:570 growth kinematic studies 547:570 We have combined growth kinematic studies, cell wall analysis, and transcriptional analysis of genes downstream of DEK1 to determine the cause of phenotypic changes observed in DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). 27756823 7 47 theme transcriptional 1391:1405 arg1 regulation 1407:1416 transcriptional regulation 1391:1416 transcriptional regulation downstream of DEK1 1391:1435 Calpain-overexpressing plants also have increased levels of cellulose and pectins in epidermal cell walls, and this is correlated with the expression of several cell wall-related genes, linking transcriptional regulation downstream of DEK1 with cellular effects. 27756823 5 48 theme leaf 820:823 arg1 structure 845:853 leaf epidermal cell wall structure 820:853 leaf epidermal cell wall structure 820:853 We reveal a novel role for DEK1 in the regulation of leaf epidermal cell wall structure. 27756823 4 49 theme downstream 631:640 arg1 genes 625:629 genes 625:629 genes downstream of DEK1 625:648 We have combined growth kinematic studies, cell wall analysis, and transcriptional analysis of genes downstream of DEK1 to determine the cause of phenotypic changes observed in DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). 27756823 8 50 from role 1596:1599 arg1 pathways 1613:1620 pathways 1613:1620 pathways regulating epidermal cell wall deposition and remodeling 1613:1677 These findings significantly advance our understanding of the role of the epidermal cell walls in growth regulation and establish a new role for DEK1 in pathways regulating epidermal cell wall deposition and remodeling. 27756823 1 51 theme plant 174:178 arg1 growth 180:185 plant growth 174:185 plant growth 174:185 The plant epidermis is crucial to survival, regulating interactions with the environment and controlling plant growth. 27756823 7 52 theme wall-related 1363:1374 arg1 genes 1376:1380 several cell wall-related genes 1350:1380 several cell wall-related genes 1350:1380 Calpain-overexpressing plants also have increased levels of cellulose and pectins in epidermal cell walls, and this is correlated with the expression of several cell wall-related genes, linking transcriptional regulation downstream of DEK1 with cellular effects. 27756823 6 53 with Lines 856:860 arg1 activity 880:887 altered DEK1 activity 867:887 altered DEK1 activity 867:887 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 6 54 theme DEK1 1191:1194 arg1 DEK1 1191:1194 DEK1 1191:1194 DEK1 1191:1194 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 6 54 theme DEK1 1191:1194 arg1 domain 1181:1186 the active CALPAIN domain 1162:1186 the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1 1162:1194 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 4 55 theme transcriptional 597:611 arg1 analysis 613:620 transcriptional analysis 597:620 transcriptional analysis of genes downstream of DEK1 597:648 We have combined growth kinematic studies, cell wall analysis, and transcriptional analysis of genes downstream of DEK1 to determine the cause of phenotypic changes observed in DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). 27756823 2 56 theme DEFECTIVE 205:213 arg1 KERNEL1 215:221 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 188:221 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) 188:228 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) is a master regulator of epidermal differentiation and maintenance, acting upstream of epidermis-specific transcription factors, and is required for correct cell adhesion. 27756823 2 56 theme DEFECTIVE 205:213 arg1 regulator 242:250 a master regulator 233:250 a master regulator of epidermal differentiation and maintenance, acting upstream of epidermis-specific transcription factors, 233:357 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) is a master regulator of epidermal differentiation and maintenance, acting upstream of epidermis-specific transcription factors, and is required for correct cell adhesion. 27756823 2 56 theme DEFECTIVE 205:213 arg1 DEK1 224:227 DEK1 224:227 DEK1 224:227 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) is a master regulator of epidermal differentiation and maintenance, acting upstream of epidermis-specific transcription factors, and is required for correct cell adhesion. 27756823 6 57 theme leaf 1102:1105 arg1 shape 1107:1111 leaf shape 1102:1111 leaf shape 1102:1111 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 6 58 theme active 1166:1171 arg1 DEK1 1191:1194 DEK1 1191:1194 DEK1 1191:1194 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 6 58 theme active 1166:1171 arg1 domain 1181:1186 the active CALPAIN domain 1162:1186 the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1 1162:1194 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 4 59 theme phenotypic 676:685 arg1 changes 687:693 phenotypic changes 676:693 phenotypic changes observed in DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 676:764 We have combined growth kinematic studies, cell wall analysis, and transcriptional analysis of genes downstream of DEK1 to determine the cause of phenotypic changes observed in DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). 27756823 6 60 theme DEK1 1082:1085 arg1 levels 1072:1077 reduced levels 1064:1077 reduced levels of DEK1 1064:1085 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 5 61 theme cell 835:838 arg1 structure 845:853 leaf epidermal cell wall structure 820:853 leaf epidermal cell wall structure 820:853 We reveal a novel role for DEK1 in the regulation of leaf epidermal cell wall structure. 27756823 4 62 theme DEK1 645:648 arg1 downstream 631:640 downstream 631:640 downstream 631:640 We have combined growth kinematic studies, cell wall analysis, and transcriptional analysis of genes downstream of DEK1 to determine the cause of phenotypic changes observed in DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). 27756823 1 63 with interactions 124:135 arg1 environment 146:156 the environment 142:156 the environment 142:156 The plant epidermis is crucial to survival, regulating interactions with the environment and controlling plant growth. 27756823 5 64 theme structure 845:853 arg1 regulation 806:815 the regulation 802:815 the regulation of leaf epidermal cell wall structure 802:853 We reveal a novel role for DEK1 in the regulation of leaf epidermal cell wall structure. 27756823 6 65 theme cell 972:975 arg1 walls 977:981 cell walls 972:981 cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 972:1085 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 6 66 contain have 889:892 arg2 changes 1091:1097 changes 1091:1097 changes in leaf shape and size 1091:1120 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 6 66 contain have 889:892 arg2 changes 913:919 epidermis-specific changes 894:919 epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 894:1085 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 6 66 contain have 889:892 arg1 Lines 856:860 Lines 856:860 Lines with altered DEK1 activity 856:887 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 5 67 from role 785:788 arg1 regulation 806:815 the regulation 802:815 the regulation of leaf epidermal cell wall structure 802:853 We reveal a novel role for DEK1 in the regulation of leaf epidermal cell wall structure. 27756823 8 68 from understanding 1501:1513 arg1 regulation 1565:1574 growth regulation 1558:1574 growth regulation 1558:1574 These findings significantly advance our understanding of the role of the epidermal cell walls in growth regulation and establish a new role for DEK1 in pathways regulating epidermal cell wall deposition and remodeling. 27756823 6 69 theme epidermal 1033:1041 arg1 cells 1043:1047 epidermal cells 1033:1047 epidermal cells 1033:1047 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 8 70 theme epidermal 1534:1542 arg1 walls 1549:1553 the epidermal cell walls 1530:1553 the epidermal cell walls 1530:1553 These findings significantly advance our understanding of the role of the epidermal cell walls in growth regulation and establish a new role for DEK1 in pathways regulating epidermal cell wall deposition and remodeling. 27756823 5 71 theme novel 779:783 arg1 role 785:788 a novel role 777:788 a novel role for DEK1 in the regulation of leaf epidermal cell wall structure 777:853 We reveal a novel role for DEK1 in the regulation of leaf epidermal cell wall structure. 27756823 1 72 theme plant 73:77 arg1 crucial 92:98 crucial 92:98 crucial 92:98 The plant epidermis is crucial to survival, regulating interactions with the environment and controlling plant growth. 27756823 1 72 theme plant 73:77 arg1 epidermis 79:87 The plant epidermis 69:87 The plant epidermis 69:87 The plant epidermis is crucial to survival, regulating interactions with the environment and controlling plant growth. 27756823 6 73 theme adhesion 1016:1023 arg1 loss 1008:1011 the loss 1004:1011 the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells 1004:1047 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 8 74 theme walls 1549:1553 arg1 role 1522:1525 the role 1518:1525 the role of the epidermal cell walls in growth regulation 1518:1574 These findings significantly advance our understanding of the role of the epidermal cell walls in growth regulation and establish a new role for DEK1 in pathways regulating epidermal cell wall deposition and remodeling. 27756823 4 75 theme DEK1-modulated 707:720 arg1 lines 722:726 DEK1-modulated lines 707:726 DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 707:764 We have combined growth kinematic studies, cell wall analysis, and transcriptional analysis of genes downstream of DEK1 to determine the cause of phenotypic changes observed in DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). 27756823 4 76 located observed 695:702 arg2 changes 687:693 phenotypic changes 676:693 phenotypic changes observed in DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 676:764 We have combined growth kinematic studies, cell wall analysis, and transcriptional analysis of genes downstream of DEK1 to determine the cause of phenotypic changes observed in DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). 27756823 4 76 located observed 695:702 arg1 lines 722:726 DEK1-modulated lines 707:726 DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 707:764 We have combined growth kinematic studies, cell wall analysis, and transcriptional analysis of genes downstream of DEK1 to determine the cause of phenotypic changes observed in DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). 27756823 3 77 from changes 430:436 arg1 DEK1 441:444 DEK1 441:444 DEK1 441:444 It is currently unclear how changes in DEK1 lead to cellular defects in the epidermis and the pathways through which DEK1 acts. 27756823 2 78 theme cell 387:390 arg1 adhesion 392:399 correct cell adhesion 379:399 correct cell adhesion 379:399 The phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) is a master regulator of epidermal differentiation and maintenance, acting upstream of epidermis-specific transcription factors, and is required for correct cell adhesion. 27756823 7 79 from pectins 1271:1277 arg1 walls 1297:1301 epidermal cell walls 1282:1301 epidermal cell walls 1282:1301 Calpain-overexpressing plants also have increased levels of cellulose and pectins in epidermal cell walls, and this is correlated with the expression of several cell wall-related genes, linking transcriptional regulation downstream of DEK1 with cellular effects. 27756823 6 80 from changes 1091:1097 arg1 shape 1107:1111 leaf shape 1102:1111 leaf shape 1102:1111 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 6 80 from changes 1091:1097 arg1 thickness 928:936 thickness 928:936 thickness 928:936 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 6 80 from changes 1091:1097 arg1 composition 957:967 polysaccharide composition 942:967 polysaccharide composition 942:967 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 6 80 from changes 1091:1097 arg1 size 1117:1120 size 1117:1120 size 1117:1120 Lines with altered DEK1 activity have epidermis-specific changes in the thickness and polysaccharide composition of cell walls that likely underlie the loss of adhesion between epidermal cells in plants with reduced levels of DEK1 and changes in leaf shape and size in plants constitutively overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1. 27756823 8 81 theme epidermal 1633:1641 arg1 deposition 1653:1662 epidermal cell wall deposition 1633:1662 epidermal cell wall deposition 1633:1662 These findings significantly advance our understanding of the role of the epidermal cell walls in growth regulation and establish a new role for DEK1 in pathways regulating epidermal cell wall deposition and remodeling. 27756823 7 82 theme several 1350:1356 arg1 genes 1376:1380 several cell wall-related genes 1350:1380 several cell wall-related genes 1350:1380 Calpain-overexpressing plants also have increased levels of cellulose and pectins in epidermal cell walls, and this is correlated with the expression of several cell wall-related genes, linking transcriptional regulation downstream of DEK1 with cellular effects. 27756823 7 83 theme increased 1237:1245 arg1 levels 1247:1252 increased levels 1237:1252 increased levels of cellulose 1237:1265 Calpain-overexpressing plants also have increased levels of cellulose and pectins in epidermal cell walls, and this is correlated with the expression of several cell wall-related genes, linking transcriptional regulation downstream of DEK1 with cellular effects. 27756823 4 84 theme cell 573:576 arg1 analysis 583:590 cell wall analysis 573:590 cell wall analysis 573:590 We have combined growth kinematic studies, cell wall analysis, and transcriptional analysis of genes downstream of DEK1 to determine the cause of phenotypic changes observed in DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). 27756823 4 85 theme thaliana 756:763 arg1 lines 722:726 DEK1-modulated lines 707:726 DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 707:764 We have combined growth kinematic studies, cell wall analysis, and transcriptional analysis of genes downstream of DEK1 to determine the cause of phenotypic changes observed in DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). 27756823 3 86 theme cellular 454:461 arg1 defects 463:469 cellular defects 454:469 cellular defects in the epidermis and the pathways through which DEK1 acts 454:527 It is currently unclear how changes in DEK1 lead to cellular defects in the epidermis and the pathways through which DEK1 acts. 27756823 8 87 theme wall 1648:1651 arg1 deposition 1653:1662 epidermal cell wall deposition 1633:1662 epidermal cell wall deposition 1633:1662 These findings significantly advance our understanding of the role of the epidermal cell walls in growth regulation and establish a new role for DEK1 in pathways regulating epidermal cell wall deposition and remodeling. 27756823 4 88 theme wall 578:581 arg1 analysis 583:590 cell wall analysis 573:590 cell wall analysis 573:590 We have combined growth kinematic studies, cell wall analysis, and transcriptional analysis of genes downstream of DEK1 to determine the cause of phenotypic changes observed in DEK1-modulated lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). 27713971 6 0 theme proteins 1059:1066 arg1 blends 1027:1032 blends 1027:1032 blends of different proteins or proteins and polysaccharides 1027:1086 Moreover, blends of different proteins or proteins and polysaccharides can be extruded into composite nanofibers. 27713971 7 1 theme new 1204:1206 arg1 avenues 1208:1214 new avenues 1204:1214 new avenues in the development of nanofibrous biomaterials 1204:1261 With these features our template-assisted extrusion process will lead to new avenues in the development of nanofibrous biomaterials. 27713971 4 2 theme Nanofiber 612:620 arg1 assembly 622:629 Nanofiber assembly 612:629 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements 612:676 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 3 theme extracellular 811:823 arg1 fibronectin 853:863 fibronectin 853:863 fibronectin 853:863 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 3 theme extracellular 811:823 arg1 laminin 890:896 laminin 890:896 laminin 890:896 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 3 theme extracellular 811:823 arg1 fibrinogen 866:875 fibrinogen 866:875 fibrinogen 866:875 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 3 theme extracellular 811:823 arg1 components 832:841 the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin 807:896 the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin 807:896 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 3 theme extracellular 811:823 arg1 elastin 878:884 elastin 878:884 elastin 878:884 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 3 theme extracellular 811:823 arg1 collagen 843:850 collagen 843:850 collagen 843:850 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 3 4 theme feed 597:600 arg1 solution 602:609 the biopolymer feed solution 582:609 the biopolymer feed solution 582:609 With this simple method we are able to control the nanofiber diameter by chosing the size of the nanopores and the concentration of the biopolymer feed solution. 27713971 4 5 theme different 636:644 arg1 arrangements 665:676 different hierarchical fiber arrangements 636:676 different hierarchical fiber arrangements 636:676 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 6 dep components 832:841 arg1 fibronectin 853:863 fibronectin 853:863 fibronectin 853:863 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 6 dep components 832:841 arg1 laminin 890:896 laminin 890:896 laminin 890:896 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 6 dep components 832:841 arg1 fibrinogen 866:875 fibrinogen 866:875 fibrinogen 866:875 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 6 dep components 832:841 arg1 components 832:841 the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin 807:896 the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin 807:896 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 6 dep components 832:841 arg1 elastin 878:884 elastin 878:884 elastin 878:884 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 6 dep components 832:841 arg1 collagen 843:850 collagen 843:850 collagen 843:850 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 1 7 theme Biomedical 85:94 arg1 applications 96:107 Biomedical applications 85:107 Biomedical applications ranging from tissue engineering to drug delivery systems 85:164 Biomedical applications ranging from tissue engineering to drug delivery systems require versatile biomaterials based on the scalable and tunable production of biopolymer nanofibers under physiological conditions. 27713971 4 8 dep proteins 767:774 arg1 myosin 797:802 myosin 797:802 myosin 797:802 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 8 dep proteins 767:774 arg1 proteins 767:774 the intracellular proteins 749:774 the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin 749:802 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 8 dep proteins 767:774 arg1 α-actinin 783:791 α-actinin 783:791 α-actinin 783:791 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 8 dep proteins 767:774 arg1 actin 776:780 actin 776:780 actin 776:780 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 7 9 theme extrusion 1173:1181 arg1 process 1183:1189 our template-assisted extrusion process 1151:1189 our template-assisted extrusion process 1151:1189 With these features our template-assisted extrusion process will lead to new avenues in the development of nanofibrous biomaterials. 27713971 5 10 theme nanofibers 916:925 arg1 extrusion 903:911 The extrusion 899:911 The extrusion of nanofibers 899:925 The extrusion of nanofibers can even be applied to the polysaccharides hyaluronan, chitosan and chondroitin sulphate. 27713971 5 11 dep polysaccharides 954:968 arg1 sulphate 1007:1014 chondroitin sulphate 995:1014 chondroitin sulphate 995:1014 The extrusion of nanofibers can even be applied to the polysaccharides hyaluronan, chitosan and chondroitin sulphate. 27713971 5 11 dep polysaccharides 954:968 arg1 hyaluronan 970:979 hyaluronan 970:979 hyaluronan 970:979 The extrusion of nanofibers can even be applied to the polysaccharides hyaluronan, chitosan and chondroitin sulphate. 27713971 5 11 dep polysaccharides 954:968 arg1 polysaccharides 954:968 the polysaccharides hyaluronan, chitosan and chondroitin sulphate 950:1014 the polysaccharides hyaluronan, chitosan and chondroitin sulphate 950:1014 The extrusion of nanofibers can even be applied to the polysaccharides hyaluronan, chitosan and chondroitin sulphate. 27713971 5 11 dep polysaccharides 954:968 arg1 chitosan 982:989 chitosan 982:989 chitosan 982:989 The extrusion of nanofibers can even be applied to the polysaccharides hyaluronan, chitosan and chondroitin sulphate. 27713971 6 12 theme composite 1109:1117 arg1 nanofibers 1119:1128 composite nanofibers 1109:1128 composite nanofibers 1109:1128 Moreover, blends of different proteins or proteins and polysaccharides can be extruded into composite nanofibers. 27713971 6 13 theme different 1037:1045 arg1 proteins 1047:1054 different proteins 1037:1054 different proteins 1037:1054 Moreover, blends of different proteins or proteins and polysaccharides can be extruded into composite nanofibers. 27713971 4 14 theme matrix 825:830 arg1 fibronectin 853:863 fibronectin 853:863 fibronectin 853:863 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 14 theme matrix 825:830 arg1 laminin 890:896 laminin 890:896 laminin 890:896 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 14 theme matrix 825:830 arg1 fibrinogen 866:875 fibrinogen 866:875 fibrinogen 866:875 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 14 theme matrix 825:830 arg1 components 832:841 the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin 807:896 the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin 807:896 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 14 theme matrix 825:830 arg1 elastin 878:884 elastin 878:884 elastin 878:884 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 14 theme matrix 825:830 arg1 collagen 843:850 collagen 843:850 collagen 843:850 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 1 15 theme scalable 210:217 arg1 production 231:240 the scalable and tunable production 206:240 the scalable and tunable production of biopolymer nanofibers under physiological conditions 206:296 Biomedical applications ranging from tissue engineering to drug delivery systems require versatile biomaterials based on the scalable and tunable production of biopolymer nanofibers under physiological conditions. 27713971 7 16 theme biomaterials 1250:1261 arg1 development 1223:1233 the development 1219:1233 the development of nanofibrous biomaterials 1219:1261 With these features our template-assisted extrusion process will lead to new avenues in the development of nanofibrous biomaterials. 27713971 3 17 theme solution 602:609 arg1 size 535:538 the size 531:538 the size of the nanopores 531:555 With this simple method we are able to control the nanofiber diameter by chosing the size of the nanopores and the concentration of the biopolymer feed solution. 27713971 3 17 theme solution 602:609 arg1 concentration 565:577 the concentration 561:577 the concentration of the biopolymer feed solution 561:609 With this simple method we are able to control the nanofiber diameter by chosing the size of the nanopores and the concentration of the biopolymer feed solution. 27713971 4 18 theme different 717:725 arg1 proteins 727:734 different proteins 717:734 different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin 717:896 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 0 19 theme Template-assisted 0:16 arg1 extrusion 18:26 Template-assisted extrusion 0:26 Template-assisted extrusion of biopolymer 0:40 Template-assisted extrusion of biopolymer nanofibers under physiological conditions. 27713971 7 20 theme template-assisted 1155:1171 arg1 process 1183:1189 our template-assisted extrusion process 1151:1189 our template-assisted extrusion process 1151:1189 With these features our template-assisted extrusion process will lead to new avenues in the development of nanofibrous biomaterials. 27713971 1 21 theme tissue 122:127 arg1 engineering 129:139 tissue engineering 122:139 tissue engineering 122:139 Biomedical applications ranging from tissue engineering to drug delivery systems require versatile biomaterials based on the scalable and tunable production of biopolymer nanofibers under physiological conditions. 27713971 1 22 theme tunable 223:229 arg1 production 231:240 the scalable and tunable production 206:240 the scalable and tunable production of biopolymer nanofibers under physiological conditions 206:296 Biomedical applications ranging from tissue engineering to drug delivery systems require versatile biomaterials based on the scalable and tunable production of biopolymer nanofibers under physiological conditions. 27713971 0 23 theme biopolymer 31:40 arg1 extrusion 18:26 Template-assisted extrusion 0:26 Template-assisted extrusion of biopolymer 0:40 Template-assisted extrusion of biopolymer nanofibers under physiological conditions. 27713971 3 24 theme biopolymer 586:595 arg1 solution 602:609 the biopolymer feed solution 582:609 the biopolymer feed solution 582:609 With this simple method we are able to control the nanofiber diameter by chosing the size of the nanopores and the concentration of the biopolymer feed solution. 27713971 3 25 theme nanofiber 501:509 arg1 diameter 511:518 the nanofiber diameter 497:518 the nanofiber diameter 497:518 With this simple method we are able to control the nanofiber diameter by chosing the size of the nanopores and the concentration of the biopolymer feed solution. 27713971 5 26 theme chondroitin 995:1005 arg1 sulphate 1007:1014 chondroitin sulphate 995:1014 chondroitin sulphate 995:1014 The extrusion of nanofibers can even be applied to the polysaccharides hyaluronan, chitosan and chondroitin sulphate. 27713971 5 26 theme chondroitin 995:1005 arg1 polysaccharides 954:968 the polysaccharides hyaluronan, chitosan and chondroitin sulphate 950:1014 the polysaccharides hyaluronan, chitosan and chondroitin sulphate 950:1014 The extrusion of nanofibers can even be applied to the polysaccharides hyaluronan, chitosan and chondroitin sulphate. 27713971 2 27 theme novel 347:351 arg1 process 363:369 a novel extrusion process 345:369 a novel extrusion process 345:369 These requirements can be successfully met by a novel extrusion process through nanoporous aluminum oxide templates, which is presented in this study. 27713971 1 28 theme versatile 174:182 arg1 biomaterials 184:195 versatile biomaterials 174:195 versatile biomaterials based on the scalable and tunable production of biopolymer nanofibers under physiological conditions 174:296 Biomedical applications ranging from tissue engineering to drug delivery systems require versatile biomaterials based on the scalable and tunable production of biopolymer nanofibers under physiological conditions. 27713971 3 29 theme simple 460:465 arg1 method 467:472 this simple method 455:472 this simple method 455:472 With this simple method we are able to control the nanofiber diameter by chosing the size of the nanopores and the concentration of the biopolymer feed solution. 27713971 2 30 theme oxide 399:403 arg1 templates 405:413 nanoporous aluminum oxide templates 379:413 nanoporous aluminum oxide templates 379:413 These requirements can be successfully met by a novel extrusion process through nanoporous aluminum oxide templates, which is presented in this study. 27713971 1 31 theme biopolymer 245:254 arg1 nanofibers 256:265 biopolymer nanofibers 245:265 biopolymer nanofibers 245:265 Biomedical applications ranging from tissue engineering to drug delivery systems require versatile biomaterials based on the scalable and tunable production of biopolymer nanofibers under physiological conditions. 27713971 1 32 theme nanofibers 256:265 arg1 production 231:240 the scalable and tunable production 206:240 the scalable and tunable production of biopolymer nanofibers under physiological conditions 206:296 Biomedical applications ranging from tissue engineering to drug delivery systems require versatile biomaterials based on the scalable and tunable production of biopolymer nanofibers under physiological conditions. 27713971 1 33 theme drug 144:147 arg1 systems 158:164 drug delivery systems 144:164 drug delivery systems 144:164 Biomedical applications ranging from tissue engineering to drug delivery systems require versatile biomaterials based on the scalable and tunable production of biopolymer nanofibers under physiological conditions. 27713971 0 34 theme physiological 59:71 arg1 conditions 73:82 physiological conditions 59:82 physiological conditions 59:82 Template-assisted extrusion of biopolymer nanofibers under physiological conditions. 27713971 1 35 theme delivery 149:156 arg1 systems 158:164 drug delivery systems 144:164 drug delivery systems 144:164 Biomedical applications ranging from tissue engineering to drug delivery systems require versatile biomaterials based on the scalable and tunable production of biopolymer nanofibers under physiological conditions. 27713971 3 36 with able 481:484 arg1 method 467:472 this simple method 455:472 this simple method 455:472 With this simple method we are able to control the nanofiber diameter by chosing the size of the nanopores and the concentration of the biopolymer feed solution. 27713971 2 37 theme aluminum 390:397 arg1 templates 405:413 nanoporous aluminum oxide templates 379:413 nanoporous aluminum oxide templates 379:413 These requirements can be successfully met by a novel extrusion process through nanoporous aluminum oxide templates, which is presented in this study. 27713971 2 38 theme extrusion 353:361 arg1 process 363:369 a novel extrusion process 345:369 a novel extrusion process 345:369 These requirements can be successfully met by a novel extrusion process through nanoporous aluminum oxide templates, which is presented in this study. 27713971 4 39 theme fiber 659:663 arg1 arrangements 665:676 different hierarchical fiber arrangements 636:676 different hierarchical fiber arrangements 636:676 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 2 40 theme nanoporous 379:388 arg1 templates 405:413 nanoporous aluminum oxide templates 379:413 nanoporous aluminum oxide templates 379:413 These requirements can be successfully met by a novel extrusion process through nanoporous aluminum oxide templates, which is presented in this study. 27713971 1 41 theme physiological 273:285 arg1 conditions 287:296 physiological conditions 273:296 physiological conditions 273:296 Biomedical applications ranging from tissue engineering to drug delivery systems require versatile biomaterials based on the scalable and tunable production of biopolymer nanofibers under physiological conditions. 27713971 3 42 theme nanopores 547:555 arg1 size 535:538 the size 531:538 the size of the nanopores 531:555 With this simple method we are able to control the nanofiber diameter by chosing the size of the nanopores and the concentration of the biopolymer feed solution. 27713971 3 42 theme nanopores 547:555 arg1 concentration 565:577 the concentration 561:577 the concentration of the biopolymer feed solution 561:609 With this simple method we are able to control the nanofiber diameter by chosing the size of the nanopores and the concentration of the biopolymer feed solution. 27713971 4 43 theme wide 701:704 arg1 variety 706:712 a wide variety 699:712 a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin 699:896 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 43 theme wide 701:704 arg1 proteins 727:734 different proteins 717:734 different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin 717:896 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 6 44 theme proteins 1047:1054 arg1 blends 1027:1032 blends 1027:1032 blends of different proteins or proteins and polysaccharides 1027:1086 Moreover, blends of different proteins or proteins and polysaccharides can be extruded into composite nanofibers. 27713971 7 45 from avenues 1208:1214 arg1 development 1223:1233 the development 1219:1233 the development of nanofibrous biomaterials 1219:1261 With these features our template-assisted extrusion process will lead to new avenues in the development of nanofibrous biomaterials. 27713971 7 46 theme nanofibrous 1238:1248 arg1 biomaterials 1250:1261 nanofibrous biomaterials 1238:1261 nanofibrous biomaterials 1238:1261 With these features our template-assisted extrusion process will lead to new avenues in the development of nanofibrous biomaterials. 27713971 4 47 theme hierarchical 646:657 arg1 arrangements 665:676 different hierarchical fiber arrangements 636:676 different hierarchical fiber arrangements 636:676 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 48 theme proteins 727:734 arg1 variety 706:712 a wide variety 699:712 a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin 699:896 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 48 theme proteins 727:734 arg1 proteins 727:734 different proteins 717:734 different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin 717:896 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 49 theme intracellular 753:765 arg1 myosin 797:802 myosin 797:802 myosin 797:802 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 49 theme intracellular 753:765 arg1 proteins 767:774 the intracellular proteins 749:774 the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin 749:802 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 49 theme intracellular 753:765 arg1 α-actinin 783:791 α-actinin 783:791 α-actinin 783:791 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 27713971 4 49 theme intracellular 753:765 arg1 actin 776:780 actin 776:780 actin 776:780 Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. 25993513 4 0 theme menstrual 793:801 arg1 cycle 803:807 the menstrual cycle 789:807 the menstrual cycle 789:807 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 1 dep pills 899:903 arg1 4 868:868 4 868:868 4 868:868 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 5 2 dep method 1135:1140 arg1 analyze 1145:1151 analyze 1145:1151 to analyze carbohydrate composition 1142:1176 Glycomic profiling was obtained using our lectin microarray system, a rapid method to analyze carbohydrate composition. 25993513 8 3 theme mannose 1509:1515 arg1 levels 1517:1522 high mannose levels 1504:1522 high mannose levels 1504:1522 The change in high mannose levels was unexpected and may be related to the increased risk of HIV-infection observed in women with BV, as high mannose receptors are a viral entry pathway. 25993513 5 4 theme Glycomic 1059:1066 arg1 profiling 1068:1076 Glycomic profiling 1059:1076 Glycomic profiling 1059:1076 Glycomic profiling was obtained using our lectin microarray system, a rapid method to analyze carbohydrate composition. 25993513 4 5 gly glycosylation 590:602 arg1 samples 635:641 cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples 607:641 cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month 607:1056 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 3 6 theme few 489:491 arg1 studies 493:499 few studies 489:499 few studies 489:499 Although multiple factors, such as hormones and microflora, may influence glycosylation of the CVF, few studies have examined their impact on this important immunological fluid. 25993513 7 7 theme high-mannose 1455:1466 arg1 glycans 1468:1474 high-mannose glycans 1455:1474 high-mannose glycans 1455:1474 Compared to normal women, samples from women with BV contained lower levels of sialic acid and high-mannose glycans in their CVL. 25993513 10 8 from importance 1953:1962 arg1 system 1996:2001 the innate immune system 1978:2001 the innate immune system 1978:2001 Overall, microflora had a greater impact on the glycome than hormonal levels, and both of these effects should be more closely examined in future studies given the importance of glycans in the innate immune system. 25993513 2 9 theme CVF 288:290 arg1 proteins 292:299 CVF proteins 288:299 CVF proteins 288:299 Glycosylation of CVF proteins, such as mucins, IgG and S-IgA, plays a critical role in their immunological functions. 25993513 2 9 theme CVF 288:290 arg1 IgG 318:320 IgG 318:320 IgG 318:320 Glycosylation of CVF proteins, such as mucins, IgG and S-IgA, plays a critical role in their immunological functions. 25993513 2 9 theme CVF 288:290 arg1 mucins 310:315 mucins 310:315 mucins 310:315 Glycosylation of CVF proteins, such as mucins, IgG and S-IgA, plays a critical role in their immunological functions. 25993513 2 9 theme CVF 288:290 arg1 S-IgA 326:330 S-IgA 326:330 S-IgA 326:330 Glycosylation of CVF proteins, such as mucins, IgG and S-IgA, plays a critical role in their immunological functions. 25993513 7 10 theme acid 1446:1449 arg1 levels 1429:1434 lower levels 1423:1434 lower levels of sialic acid and high-mannose glycans in their CVL 1423:1487 Compared to normal women, samples from women with BV contained lower levels of sialic acid and high-mannose glycans in their CVL. 25993513 9 11 theme hormonal 1724:1731 arg1 use 1747:1749 hormonal contraceptive use 1724:1749 hormonal contraceptive use 1724:1749 Changes in the glycome were also observed with hormonal contraceptive use, in a contraceptive-dependent manner. 25993513 4 12 theme cervicovaginal 607:620 arg1 CVL 630:632 CVL 630:632 CVL 630:632 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 12 theme cervicovaginal 607:620 arg1 lavage 622:627 cervicovaginal lavage 607:627 cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month 607:1056 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 7 13 theme lower 1423:1427 arg1 levels 1429:1434 lower levels 1423:1434 lower levels of sialic acid and high-mannose glycans in their CVL 1423:1487 Compared to normal women, samples from women with BV contained lower levels of sialic acid and high-mannose glycans in their CVL. 25993513 3 14 theme important 536:544 arg1 fluid 560:564 this important immunological fluid 531:564 this important immunological fluid 531:564 Although multiple factors, such as hormones and microflora, may influence glycosylation of the CVF, few studies have examined their impact on this important immunological fluid. 25993513 8 15 theme increased 1565:1573 arg1 risk 1575:1578 the increased risk 1561:1578 the increased risk of HIV-infection observed in women with BV 1561:1621 The change in high mannose levels was unexpected and may be related to the increased risk of HIV-infection observed in women with BV, as high mannose receptors are a viral entry pathway. 25993513 8 16 located observed 1597:1604 arg2 HIV-infection 1583:1595 HIV-infection 1583:1595 HIV-infection observed in women with BV 1583:1621 The change in high mannose levels was unexpected and may be related to the increased risk of HIV-infection observed in women with BV, as high mannose receptors are a viral entry pathway. 25993513 8 16 located observed 1597:1604 arg1 women 1609:1613 women 1609:1613 women with BV 1609:1621 The change in high mannose levels was unexpected and may be related to the increased risk of HIV-infection observed in women with BV, as high mannose receptors are a viral entry pathway. 25993513 4 17 theme hormonal 684:691 arg1 conditions 693:702 different hormonal conditions 674:702 different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month 674:1056 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 9 18 theme contraceptive-dependent 1757:1779 arg1 manner 1781:1786 a contraceptive-dependent manner 1755:1786 a contraceptive-dependent manner 1755:1786 Changes in the glycome were also observed with hormonal contraceptive use, in a contraceptive-dependent manner. 25993513 0 19 theme vaginosis 60:68 arg1 effects 13:19 the effects 9:19 the effects of reproductive hormones and bacterial vaginosis on the glycome of lavage samples from the cervicovaginal cavity 9:132 Studying the effects of reproductive hormones and bacterial vaginosis on the glycome of lavage samples from the cervicovaginal cavity. 25993513 1 20 theme cervicovaginal 139:152 arg1 mediator 227:234 an important immunological mediator 200:234 an important immunological mediator 200:234 The cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) coating the vaginal epithelium is an important immunological mediator, providing a barrier to infection. 25993513 1 20 theme cervicovaginal 139:152 arg1 CVF 161:163 CVF 161:163 CVF 161:163 The cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) coating the vaginal epithelium is an important immunological mediator, providing a barrier to infection. 25993513 1 20 theme cervicovaginal 139:152 arg1 fluid 154:158 The cervicovaginal fluid 135:158 The cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) coating the vaginal epithelium 135:195 The cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) coating the vaginal epithelium is an important immunological mediator, providing a barrier to infection. 25993513 0 21 from effects 13:19 arg1 glycome 77:83 the glycome 73:83 the glycome of lavage samples from the cervicovaginal cavity 73:132 Studying the effects of reproductive hormones and bacterial vaginosis on the glycome of lavage samples from the cervicovaginal cavity. 25993513 5 22 theme lectin 1101:1106 arg1 system 1119:1124 our lectin microarray system 1097:1124 our lectin microarray system 1097:1124 Glycomic profiling was obtained using our lectin microarray system, a rapid method to analyze carbohydrate composition. 25993513 5 22 theme lectin 1101:1106 arg1 method 1135:1140 a rapid method 1127:1140 a rapid method to analyze carbohydrate composition 1127:1176 Glycomic profiling was obtained using our lectin microarray system, a rapid method to analyze carbohydrate composition. 25993513 10 23 theme innate 1982:1987 arg1 system 1996:2001 the innate immune system 1978:2001 the innate immune system 1978:2001 Overall, microflora had a greater impact on the glycome than hormonal levels, and both of these effects should be more closely examined in future studies given the importance of glycans in the innate immune system. 25993513 10 24 theme greater 1815:1821 arg1 impact 1823:1828 a greater impact 1813:1828 a greater impact on the glycome 1813:1843 Overall, microflora had a greater impact on the glycome than hormonal levels, and both of these effects should be more closely examined in future studies given the importance of glycans in the innate immune system. 25993513 4 25 dep days 832:835 arg1 pills 899:903 contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD 885:1035 (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD 867:1035 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 25 dep days 832:835 arg1 cycle 860:864 the menstrual cycle 846:864 the menstrual cycle 846:864 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 25 dep days 832:835 arg1 3 811:811 3 811:811 3 811:811 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 25 dep days 832:835 arg1 15-28 837:841 15-28 837:841 15-28 837:841 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 9 26 located observed 1710:1717 arg2 Changes 1677:1683 Changes 1677:1683 Changes in the glycome 1677:1698 Changes in the glycome were also observed with hormonal contraceptive use, in a contraceptive-dependent manner. 25993513 9 26 located observed 1710:1717 arg1 manner 1781:1786 a contraceptive-dependent manner 1755:1786 a contraceptive-dependent manner 1755:1786 Changes in the glycome were also observed with hormonal contraceptive use, in a contraceptive-dependent manner. 25993513 7 27 contain contained 1413:1421 arg1 samples 1386:1392 samples 1386:1392 samples from women with BV 1386:1411 Compared to normal women, samples from women with BV contained lower levels of sialic acid and high-mannose glycans in their CVL. 25993513 7 27 contain contained 1413:1421 arg2 levels 1429:1434 lower levels 1423:1434 lower levels of sialic acid and high-mannose glycans in their CVL 1423:1487 Compared to normal women, samples from women with BV contained lower levels of sialic acid and high-mannose glycans in their CVL. 25993513 4 28 theme cycle 860:864 arg1 pills 899:903 contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD 885:1035 (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD 867:1035 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 28 theme cycle 860:864 arg1 cycle 860:864 the menstrual cycle 846:864 the menstrual cycle 846:864 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 28 theme cycle 860:864 arg1 15-28 837:841 15-28 837:841 15-28 837:841 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 10 29 contain had 1809:1811 arg1 microflora 1798:1807 microflora 1798:1807 microflora 1798:1807 Overall, microflora had a greater impact on the glycome than hormonal levels, and both of these effects should be more closely examined in future studies given the importance of glycans in the innate immune system. 25993513 10 29 contain had 1809:1811 arg2 impact 1823:1828 a greater impact 1813:1828 a greater impact on the glycome 1813:1843 Overall, microflora had a greater impact on the glycome than hormonal levels, and both of these effects should be more closely examined in future studies given the importance of glycans in the innate immune system. 25993513 4 30 theme contraceptive 722:734 arg1 days 832:835 days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD 832:1035 days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD 832:1035 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 30 theme contraceptive 722:734 arg1 days 776:779 days 1-14 776:784 days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle 776:807 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 5 31 theme rapid 1129:1133 arg1 system 1119:1124 our lectin microarray system 1097:1124 our lectin microarray system 1097:1124 Glycomic profiling was obtained using our lectin microarray system, a rapid method to analyze carbohydrate composition. 25993513 5 31 theme rapid 1129:1133 arg1 method 1135:1140 a rapid method 1127:1140 a rapid method to analyze carbohydrate composition 1127:1176 Glycomic profiling was obtained using our lectin microarray system, a rapid method to analyze carbohydrate composition. 25993513 0 32 theme samples 95:101 arg1 glycome 77:83 the glycome 73:83 the glycome of lavage samples from the cervicovaginal cavity 73:132 Studying the effects of reproductive hormones and bacterial vaginosis on the glycome of lavage samples from the cervicovaginal cavity. 25993513 2 33 theme critical 341:348 arg1 role 350:353 a critical role 339:353 a critical role 339:353 Glycosylation of CVF proteins, such as mucins, IgG and S-IgA, plays a critical role in their immunological functions. 25993513 8 34 theme mannose 1632:1638 arg1 pathway 1668:1674 a viral entry pathway 1654:1674 a viral entry pathway 1654:1674 The change in high mannose levels was unexpected and may be related to the increased risk of HIV-infection observed in women with BV, as high mannose receptors are a viral entry pathway. 25993513 8 34 theme mannose 1632:1638 arg1 receptors 1640:1648 high mannose receptors 1627:1648 high mannose receptors 1627:1648 The change in high mannose levels was unexpected and may be related to the increased risk of HIV-infection observed in women with BV, as high mannose receptors are a viral entry pathway. 25993513 7 35 theme glycans 1468:1474 arg1 levels 1429:1434 lower levels 1423:1434 lower levels of sialic acid and high-mannose glycans in their CVL 1423:1487 Compared to normal women, samples from women with BV contained lower levels of sialic acid and high-mannose glycans in their CVL. 25993513 4 36 theme contraceptive 885:897 arg1 pills 899:903 contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD 885:1035 (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD 867:1035 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 36 theme contraceptive 885:897 arg1 cycle 860:864 the menstrual cycle 846:864 the menstrual cycle 846:864 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 36 theme contraceptive 885:897 arg1 15-28 837:841 15-28 837:841 15-28 837:841 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 2 37 theme immunological 364:376 arg1 functions 378:386 their immunological functions 358:386 their immunological functions 358:386 Glycosylation of CVF proteins, such as mucins, IgG and S-IgA, plays a critical role in their immunological functions. 25993513 0 38 theme reproductive 24:35 arg1 hormones 37:44 reproductive hormones 24:44 reproductive hormones 24:44 Studying the effects of reproductive hormones and bacterial vaginosis on the glycome of lavage samples from the cervicovaginal cavity. 25993513 4 39 theme contraceptive 761:773 arg1 days 832:835 days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD 832:1035 days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD 832:1035 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 39 theme contraceptive 761:773 arg1 days 776:779 days 1-14 776:784 days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle 776:807 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 7 40 from women 1399:1403 arg1 samples 1386:1392 samples 1386:1392 samples from women with BV 1386:1411 Compared to normal women, samples from women with BV contained lower levels of sialic acid and high-mannose glycans in their CVL. 25993513 8 41 theme entry 1662:1666 arg1 pathway 1668:1674 a viral entry pathway 1654:1674 a viral entry pathway 1654:1674 The change in high mannose levels was unexpected and may be related to the increased risk of HIV-infection observed in women with BV, as high mannose receptors are a viral entry pathway. 25993513 8 41 theme entry 1662:1666 arg1 receptors 1640:1648 high mannose receptors 1627:1648 high mannose receptors 1627:1648 The change in high mannose levels was unexpected and may be related to the increased risk of HIV-infection observed in women with BV, as high mannose receptors are a viral entry pathway. 25993513 4 42 theme acetate 957:963 arg1 injections 980:989 (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections 928:989 (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months 928:1011 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 42 theme acetate 957:963 arg1 months 920:925 at least 6 months 909:925 at least 6 months 909:925 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 1 43 theme important 203:211 arg1 mediator 227:234 an important immunological mediator 200:234 an important immunological mediator 200:234 The cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) coating the vaginal epithelium is an important immunological mediator, providing a barrier to infection. 25993513 1 43 theme important 203:211 arg1 fluid 154:158 The cervicovaginal fluid 135:158 The cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) coating the vaginal epithelium 135:195 The cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) coating the vaginal epithelium is an important immunological mediator, providing a barrier to infection. 25993513 10 44 from impact 1823:1828 arg1 glycome 1837:1843 the glycome 1833:1843 the glycome 1833:1843 Overall, microflora had a greater impact on the glycome than hormonal levels, and both of these effects should be more closely examined in future studies given the importance of glycans in the innate immune system. 25993513 4 45 theme Depo-Provera 966:977 arg1 injections 980:989 (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections 928:989 (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months 928:1011 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 45 theme Depo-Provera 966:977 arg1 months 920:925 at least 6 months 909:925 at least 6 months 909:925 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 0 46 from cavity 127:132 arg1 glycome 77:83 the glycome 73:83 the glycome of lavage samples from the cervicovaginal cavity 73:132 Studying the effects of reproductive hormones and bacterial vaginosis on the glycome of lavage samples from the cervicovaginal cavity. 25993513 0 46 from cavity 127:132 arg1 samples 95:101 lavage samples 88:101 lavage samples from the cervicovaginal cavity 88:132 Studying the effects of reproductive hormones and bacterial vaginosis on the glycome of lavage samples from the cervicovaginal cavity. 25993513 6 47 theme bacterial 1310:1318 arg1 cohort 1320:1325 an altered bacterial cohort 1299:1325 an altered bacterial cohort due to bacterial vaginosis (BV) 1299:1357 Although some small effects were observed due to hormone levels, the major influence on the glycome was the presence of an altered bacterial cohort due to bacterial vaginosis (BV). 25993513 6 48 theme major 1248:1252 arg1 influence 1254:1262 the major influence 1244:1262 the major influence on the glycome 1244:1277 Although some small effects were observed due to hormone levels, the major influence on the glycome was the presence of an altered bacterial cohort due to bacterial vaginosis (BV). 25993513 6 48 theme major 1248:1252 arg1 presence 1287:1294 the presence 1283:1294 the presence of an altered bacterial cohort due to bacterial vaginosis (BV) 1283:1357 Although some small effects were observed due to hormone levels, the major influence on the glycome was the presence of an altered bacterial cohort due to bacterial vaginosis (BV). 25993513 8 49 with women 1609:1613 arg1 BV 1620:1621 BV 1620:1621 BV 1620:1621 The change in high mannose levels was unexpected and may be related to the increased risk of HIV-infection observed in women with BV, as high mannose receptors are a viral entry pathway. 25993513 2 50 gly Glycosylation 271:283 arg1 proteins 292:299 CVF proteins 288:299 CVF proteins 288:299 Glycosylation of CVF proteins, such as mucins, IgG and S-IgA, plays a critical role in their immunological functions. 25993513 2 50 gly Glycosylation 271:283 arg1 IgG 318:320 IgG 318:320 IgG 318:320 Glycosylation of CVF proteins, such as mucins, IgG and S-IgA, plays a critical role in their immunological functions. 25993513 2 50 gly Glycosylation 271:283 arg1 mucins 310:315 mucins 310:315 mucins 310:315 Glycosylation of CVF proteins, such as mucins, IgG and S-IgA, plays a critical role in their immunological functions. 25993513 2 50 gly Glycosylation 271:283 arg1 S-IgA 326:330 S-IgA 326:330 S-IgA 326:330 Glycosylation of CVF proteins, such as mucins, IgG and S-IgA, plays a critical role in their immunological functions. 25993513 8 51 theme viral 1656:1660 arg1 pathway 1668:1674 a viral entry pathway 1654:1674 a viral entry pathway 1654:1674 The change in high mannose levels was unexpected and may be related to the increased risk of HIV-infection observed in women with BV, as high mannose receptors are a viral entry pathway. 25993513 8 51 theme viral 1656:1660 arg1 receptors 1640:1648 high mannose receptors 1627:1648 high mannose receptors 1627:1648 The change in high mannose levels was unexpected and may be related to the increased risk of HIV-infection observed in women with BV, as high mannose receptors are a viral entry pathway. 25993513 4 52 theme cycle 803:807 arg1 days 832:835 days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD 832:1035 days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD 832:1035 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 52 theme cycle 803:807 arg1 days 776:779 days 1-14 776:784 days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle 776:807 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 9 53 from Changes 1677:1683 arg1 glycome 1692:1698 the glycome 1688:1698 the glycome 1688:1698 Changes in the glycome were also observed with hormonal contraceptive use, in a contraceptive-dependent manner. 25993513 8 54 theme high 1504:1507 arg1 levels 1517:1522 high mannose levels 1504:1522 high mannose levels 1504:1522 The change in high mannose levels was unexpected and may be related to the increased risk of HIV-infection observed in women with BV, as high mannose receptors are a viral entry pathway. 25993513 4 55 theme lavage 622:627 arg1 samples 635:641 cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples 607:641 cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month 607:1056 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 0 56 theme cervicovaginal 112:125 arg1 cavity 127:132 the cervicovaginal cavity 108:132 the cervicovaginal cavity 108:132 Studying the effects of reproductive hormones and bacterial vaginosis on the glycome of lavage samples from the cervicovaginal cavity. 25993513 2 57 theme proteins 292:299 arg1 Glycosylation 271:283 Glycosylation 271:283 Glycosylation of CVF proteins, such as mucins, IgG and S-IgA, 271:331 Glycosylation of CVF proteins, such as mucins, IgG and S-IgA, plays a critical role in their immunological functions. 25993513 1 58 theme vaginal 178:184 arg1 epithelium 186:195 the vaginal epithelium 174:195 the vaginal epithelium 174:195 The cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) coating the vaginal epithelium is an important immunological mediator, providing a barrier to infection. 25993513 7 59 theme sialic 1439:1444 arg1 acid 1446:1449 sialic acid 1439:1449 sialic acid 1439:1449 Compared to normal women, samples from women with BV contained lower levels of sialic acid and high-mannose glycans in their CVL. 25993513 4 60 theme contraceptive 817:829 arg1 days 832:835 days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD 832:1035 days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD 832:1035 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 60 theme contraceptive 817:829 arg1 days 776:779 days 1-14 776:784 days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle 776:807 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 0 61 from glycome 77:83 arg1 cavity 127:132 the cervicovaginal cavity 108:132 the cervicovaginal cavity 108:132 Studying the effects of reproductive hormones and bacterial vaginosis on the glycome of lavage samples from the cervicovaginal cavity. 25993513 3 62 theme immunological 546:558 arg1 fluid 560:564 this important immunological fluid 531:564 this important immunological fluid 531:564 Although multiple factors, such as hormones and microflora, may influence glycosylation of the CVF, few studies have examined their impact on this important immunological fluid. 25993513 6 63 theme bacterial 1334:1342 arg1 BV 1355:1356 BV 1355:1356 BV 1355:1356 Although some small effects were observed due to hormone levels, the major influence on the glycome was the presence of an altered bacterial cohort due to bacterial vaginosis (BV). 25993513 6 63 theme bacterial 1334:1342 arg1 vaginosis 1344:1352 bacterial vaginosis 1334:1352 bacterial vaginosis (BV) 1334:1357 Although some small effects were observed due to hormone levels, the major influence on the glycome was the presence of an altered bacterial cohort due to bacterial vaginosis (BV). 25993513 10 64 theme hormonal 1850:1857 arg1 levels 1859:1864 hormonal levels 1850:1864 hormonal levels 1850:1864 Overall, microflora had a greater impact on the glycome than hormonal levels, and both of these effects should be more closely examined in future studies given the importance of glycans in the innate immune system. 25993513 9 65 theme contraceptive 1733:1745 arg1 use 1747:1749 hormonal contraceptive use 1724:1749 hormonal contraceptive use 1724:1749 Changes in the glycome were also observed with hormonal contraceptive use, in a contraceptive-dependent manner. 25993513 6 66 theme small 1193:1197 arg1 effects 1199:1205 some small effects 1188:1205 some small effects 1188:1205 Although some small effects were observed due to hormone levels, the major influence on the glycome was the presence of an altered bacterial cohort due to bacterial vaginosis (BV). 25993513 10 67 theme future 1928:1933 arg1 studies 1935:1941 future studies 1928:1941 future studies 1928:1941 Overall, microflora had a greater impact on the glycome than hormonal levels, and both of these effects should be more closely examined in future studies given the importance of glycans in the innate immune system. 25993513 10 68 theme glycans 1967:1973 arg1 importance 1953:1962 the importance 1949:1962 the importance of glycans in the innate immune system 1949:2001 Overall, microflora had a greater impact on the glycome than hormonal levels, and both of these effects should be more closely examined in future studies given the importance of glycans in the innate immune system. 25993513 4 69 theme different 674:682 arg1 conditions 693:702 different hormonal conditions 674:702 different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month 674:1056 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 3 70 from impact 521:526 arg1 fluid 560:564 this important immunological fluid 531:564 this important immunological fluid 531:564 Although multiple factors, such as hormones and microflora, may influence glycosylation of the CVF, few studies have examined their impact on this important immunological fluid. 25993513 6 71 from influence 1254:1262 arg1 glycome 1271:1277 the glycome 1267:1277 the glycome 1267:1277 Although some small effects were observed due to hormone levels, the major influence on the glycome was the presence of an altered bacterial cohort due to bacterial vaginosis (BV). 25993513 7 72 with women 1399:1403 arg1 BV 1410:1411 BV 1410:1411 BV 1410:1411 Compared to normal women, samples from women with BV contained lower levels of sialic acid and high-mannose glycans in their CVL. 25993513 4 73 dep contraceptive 722:734 arg1 post-menopausal 737:751 post-menopausal 737:751 post-menopausal 737:751 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 74 theme levonorgestrel 1018:1031 arg1 IUD 1033:1035 (6) levonorgestrel IUD 1014:1035 (6) levonorgestrel IUD 1014:1035 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 74 theme levonorgestrel 1018:1031 arg1 months 920:925 at least 6 months 909:925 at least 6 months 909:925 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 75 theme samples 635:641 arg1 glycosylation 590:602 the glycosylation 586:602 the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month 586:1056 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 6 76 theme hormone 1228:1234 arg1 levels 1236:1241 hormone levels 1228:1241 hormone levels 1228:1241 Although some small effects were observed due to hormone levels, the major influence on the glycome was the presence of an altered bacterial cohort due to bacterial vaginosis (BV). 25993513 8 77 theme HIV-infection 1583:1595 arg1 risk 1575:1578 the increased risk 1561:1578 the increased risk of HIV-infection observed in women with BV 1561:1621 The change in high mannose levels was unexpected and may be related to the increased risk of HIV-infection observed in women with BV, as high mannose receptors are a viral entry pathway. 25993513 10 78 theme immune 1989:1994 arg1 system 1996:2001 the innate immune system 1978:2001 the innate immune system 1978:2001 Overall, microflora had a greater impact on the glycome than hormonal levels, and both of these effects should be more closely examined in future studies given the importance of glycans in the innate immune system. 25993513 5 79 theme microarray 1108:1117 arg1 system 1119:1124 our lectin microarray system 1097:1124 our lectin microarray system 1097:1124 Glycomic profiling was obtained using our lectin microarray system, a rapid method to analyze carbohydrate composition. 25993513 5 79 theme microarray 1108:1117 arg1 method 1135:1140 a rapid method 1127:1140 a rapid method to analyze carbohydrate composition 1127:1176 Glycomic profiling was obtained using our lectin microarray system, a rapid method to analyze carbohydrate composition. 25993513 0 80 theme lavage 88:93 arg1 samples 95:101 lavage samples 88:101 lavage samples from the cervicovaginal cavity 88:132 Studying the effects of reproductive hormones and bacterial vaginosis on the glycome of lavage samples from the cervicovaginal cavity. 25993513 7 81 from levels 1429:1434 arg1 CVL 1485:1487 their CVL 1479:1487 their CVL 1479:1487 Compared to normal women, samples from women with BV contained lower levels of sialic acid and high-mannose glycans in their CVL. 25993513 7 82 theme normal 1372:1377 arg1 women 1379:1383 normal women 1372:1383 normal women 1372:1383 Compared to normal women, samples from women with BV contained lower levels of sialic acid and high-mannose glycans in their CVL. 25993513 4 83 theme menstrual 850:858 arg1 cycle 860:864 the menstrual cycle 846:864 the menstrual cycle 846:864 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 3 84 gly glycosylation 463:475 arg1 CVF 484:486 the CVF 480:486 the CVF 480:486 Although multiple factors, such as hormones and microflora, may influence glycosylation of the CVF, few studies have examined their impact on this important immunological fluid. 25993513 8 85 from change 1494:1499 arg1 levels 1517:1522 high mannose levels 1504:1522 high mannose levels 1504:1522 The change in high mannose levels was unexpected and may be related to the increased risk of HIV-infection observed in women with BV, as high mannose receptors are a viral entry pathway. 25993513 3 86 theme multiple 398:405 arg1 factors 407:413 multiple factors 398:413 multiple factors 398:413 Although multiple factors, such as hormones and microflora, may influence glycosylation of the CVF, few studies have examined their impact on this important immunological fluid. 25993513 3 86 theme multiple 398:405 arg1 microflora 437:446 microflora 437:446 microflora 437:446 Although multiple factors, such as hormones and microflora, may influence glycosylation of the CVF, few studies have examined their impact on this important immunological fluid. 25993513 3 86 theme multiple 398:405 arg1 hormones 424:431 hormones 424:431 hormones 424:431 Although multiple factors, such as hormones and microflora, may influence glycosylation of the CVF, few studies have examined their impact on this important immunological fluid. 25993513 4 87 dep days 776:779 arg1 1-14 781:784 1-14 781:784 1-14 781:784 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 87 dep days 776:779 arg1 1 716:716 1 716:716 1 716:716 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 87 dep days 776:779 arg1 2 755:755 2 755:755 2 755:755 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 8 88 theme high 1627:1630 arg1 pathway 1668:1674 a viral entry pathway 1654:1674 a viral entry pathway 1654:1674 The change in high mannose levels was unexpected and may be related to the increased risk of HIV-infection observed in women with BV, as high mannose receptors are a viral entry pathway. 25993513 8 88 theme high 1627:1630 arg1 receptors 1640:1648 high mannose receptors 1627:1648 high mannose receptors 1627:1648 The change in high mannose levels was unexpected and may be related to the increased risk of HIV-infection observed in women with BV, as high mannose receptors are a viral entry pathway. 25993513 5 89 theme carbohydrate 1153:1164 arg1 composition 1166:1176 carbohydrate composition 1153:1176 carbohydrate composition 1153:1176 Glycomic profiling was obtained using our lectin microarray system, a rapid method to analyze carbohydrate composition. 25993513 0 90 theme hormones 37:44 arg1 effects 13:19 the effects 9:19 the effects of reproductive hormones and bacterial vaginosis on the glycome of lavage samples from the cervicovaginal cavity 9:132 Studying the effects of reproductive hormones and bacterial vaginosis on the glycome of lavage samples from the cervicovaginal cavity. 25993513 4 91 theme combined-oral 871:883 arg1 pills 899:903 contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD 885:1035 (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD 867:1035 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 91 theme combined-oral 871:883 arg1 cycle 860:864 the menstrual cycle 846:864 the menstrual cycle 846:864 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 91 theme combined-oral 871:883 arg1 15-28 837:841 15-28 837:841 15-28 837:841 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 0 92 theme bacterial 50:58 arg1 vaginosis 60:68 bacterial vaginosis 50:68 bacterial vaginosis 50:68 Studying the effects of reproductive hormones and bacterial vaginosis on the glycome of lavage samples from the cervicovaginal cavity. 25993513 4 93 theme depo-medroxyprogesterone 932:955 arg1 injections 980:989 (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections 928:989 (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months 928:1011 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 4 93 theme depo-medroxyprogesterone 932:955 arg1 months 920:925 at least 6 months 909:925 at least 6 months 909:925 Herein we analyzed the glycosylation of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples collected from 165 women under different hormonal conditions including: (1) no contraceptive, post-menopausal, (2) no contraceptive, days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle, (3) no contraceptive, days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, (4) combined-oral contraceptive pills for at least 6 months, (5) depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) injections for at least 6 months, (6) levonorgestrel IUD for at least 1 month. 25993513 6 94 theme cohort 1320:1325 arg1 influence 1254:1262 the major influence 1244:1262 the major influence on the glycome 1244:1277 Although some small effects were observed due to hormone levels, the major influence on the glycome was the presence of an altered bacterial cohort due to bacterial vaginosis (BV). 25993513 6 94 theme cohort 1320:1325 arg1 presence 1287:1294 the presence 1283:1294 the presence of an altered bacterial cohort due to bacterial vaginosis (BV) 1283:1357 Although some small effects were observed due to hormone levels, the major influence on the glycome was the presence of an altered bacterial cohort due to bacterial vaginosis (BV). 25993513 1 95 theme immunological 213:225 arg1 mediator 227:234 an important immunological mediator 200:234 an important immunological mediator 200:234 The cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) coating the vaginal epithelium is an important immunological mediator, providing a barrier to infection. 25993513 1 95 theme immunological 213:225 arg1 fluid 154:158 The cervicovaginal fluid 135:158 The cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) coating the vaginal epithelium 135:195 The cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) coating the vaginal epithelium is an important immunological mediator, providing a barrier to infection. 25993513 3 96 theme CVF 484:486 arg1 glycosylation 463:475 glycosylation 463:475 glycosylation of the CVF 463:486 Although multiple factors, such as hormones and microflora, may influence glycosylation of the CVF, few studies have examined their impact on this important immunological fluid. 25993513 6 97 theme altered 1302:1308 arg1 cohort 1320:1325 an altered bacterial cohort 1299:1325 an altered bacterial cohort due to bacterial vaginosis (BV) 1299:1357 Although some small effects were observed due to hormone levels, the major influence on the glycome was the presence of an altered bacterial cohort due to bacterial vaginosis (BV). 27148403 9 0 dep % 1368:1368 arg1 w/w 1370:1372 w/w 1370:1372 up to 15.4 % w/w 1357:1372 Mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) was relevant in the innermost regions of the sugarcane internodes (up to 15.4 % w/w), especially in the low-lignin content hybrids. 27148403 14 1 theme material 2335:2342 arg1 generation 2301:2310 the generation 2297:2310 the generation of a less recalcitrant material 2297:2342 Components such as lignin and GAX were critical for the increased recalcitrance, but low cellulose crystallinity index, high MLG contents, and highly substituted GAX contributed to the generation of a less recalcitrant material. 27148403 11 2 theme digestibility 1641:1653 arg1 Evaluation 1623:1632 Evaluation 1623:1632 Evaluation of the digestibility of sugarcane polysaccharides by commercial enzymes 1623:1704 Evaluation of the digestibility of sugarcane polysaccharides by commercial enzymes indicated that the cell wall recalcitrance varied considerably along the internode regions and in the sugarcane hybrids. 27148403 3 3 theme materials 553:561 arg1 transformation 519:532 the energy-efficient and economically viable transformation 474:532 the energy-efficient and economically viable transformation of lignocellulosic materials 474:561 Deconstruction of these cell walls is still a challenge for the energy-efficient and economically viable transformation of lignocellulosic materials. 27148403 12 4 theme low-lignin 1873:1882 arg1 contents 1884:1891 low-lignin contents 1873:1891 low-lignin contents 1873:1891 Pith regions of the hybrids with high MLG and low-lignin contents reached up to 85 % cellulose conversion after 72 h of hydrolysis, without any pretreatment. 27148403 6 5 theme degradation 988:998 arg1 products 1000:1007 undesirable biomass degradation products 968:1007 undesirable biomass degradation products 968:1007 A further complication is that efficient pretreatment procedures generally treat the less recalcitrant tissues more than necessary, which results in the generation of undesirable biomass degradation products. 27148403 9 6 theme innermost 1310:1318 arg1 regions 1320:1326 the innermost regions 1306:1326 the innermost regions of the sugarcane internodes (up to 15.4 % w/w) 1306:1373 Mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) was relevant in the innermost regions of the sugarcane internodes (up to 15.4 % w/w), especially in the low-lignin content hybrids. 27148403 1 7 theme billion-tons 191:202 arg1 requirement 211:221 the billion-tons annual requirement 187:221 the billion-tons annual requirement for renewable resources that aim to produce transportation fuels and a variety of chemicals 187:313 BACKGROUND Grasses are lignocellulosic materials useful to supply the billion-tons annual requirement for renewable resources that aim to produce transportation fuels and a variety of chemicals. 27148403 6 8 theme undesirable 968:978 arg1 products 1000:1007 undesirable biomass degradation products 968:1007 undesirable biomass degradation products 968:1007 A further complication is that efficient pretreatment procedures generally treat the less recalcitrant tissues more than necessary, which results in the generation of undesirable biomass degradation products. 27148403 5 9 theme developed 741:749 arg1 processes 764:772 empirically developed pretreatment processes 729:772 empirically developed pretreatment processes 729:772 This complexity usually led to empirically developed pretreatment processes to overcome recalcitrance. 27148403 11 10 theme sugarcane 1658:1666 arg1 polysaccharides 1668:1682 sugarcane polysaccharides 1658:1682 sugarcane polysaccharides 1658:1682 Evaluation of the digestibility of sugarcane polysaccharides by commercial enzymes indicated that the cell wall recalcitrance varied considerably along the internode regions and in the sugarcane hybrids. 27148403 9 11 theme sugarcane 1335:1343 arg1 internodes 1345:1354 the sugarcane internodes 1331:1354 the sugarcane internodes (up to 15.4 % w/w) 1331:1373 Mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) was relevant in the innermost regions of the sugarcane internodes (up to 15.4 % w/w), especially in the low-lignin content hybrids. 27148403 4 12 from grasses 689:695 arg1 origins 651:657 the origins 647:657 the origins of cell wall recalcitrance in grasses 647:695 The varied tissue-specific distribution of cell wall components adds complexity to the origins of cell wall recalcitrance in grasses. 27148403 1 13 theme renewable 227:235 arg1 resources 237:245 renewable resources 227:245 renewable resources that aim to produce transportation fuels and a variety of chemicals 227:313 BACKGROUND Grasses are lignocellulosic materials useful to supply the billion-tons annual requirement for renewable resources that aim to produce transportation fuels and a variety of chemicals. 27148403 14 14 theme substituted 2266:2276 arg1 GAX 2278:2280 highly substituted GAX 2259:2280 highly substituted GAX 2259:2280 Components such as lignin and GAX were critical for the increased recalcitrance, but low cellulose crystallinity index, high MLG contents, and highly substituted GAX contributed to the generation of a less recalcitrant material. 27148403 7 15 theme cell 1176:1179 arg1 recalcitrance 1186:1198 cell wall recalcitrance 1176:1198 cell wall recalcitrance 1176:1198 RESULTS Six different sugarcane hybrids were used as model grasses to evaluate the tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses and the role of these components in cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 6 16 dep necessary 922:930 arg1 more 912:915 more 912:915 more 912:915 A further complication is that efficient pretreatment procedures generally treat the less recalcitrant tissues more than necessary, which results in the generation of undesirable biomass degradation products. 27148403 6 16 dep necessary 922:930 arg1 than 917:920 than 917:920 than 917:920 A further complication is that efficient pretreatment procedures generally treat the less recalcitrant tissues more than necessary, which results in the generation of undesirable biomass degradation products. 27148403 7 17 theme components 1162:1171 arg1 role 1148:1151 the role 1144:1151 the role of these components in cell wall recalcitrance 1144:1198 RESULTS Six different sugarcane hybrids were used as model grasses to evaluate the tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses and the role of these components in cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 7 17 theme components 1162:1171 arg1 distribution 1109:1120 the tissue-specific distribution 1089:1120 the tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses 1089:1138 RESULTS Six different sugarcane hybrids were used as model grasses to evaluate the tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses and the role of these components in cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 13 18 theme regions 2045:2051 arg1 characteristics 2012:2026 The collective characteristics 1997:2026 The collective characteristics of the internode regions 1997:2051 CONCLUSIONS The collective characteristics of the internode regions were related to the varied recalcitrance found in the samples. 27148403 13 18 theme regions 2045:2051 arg1 related 2058:2064 related 2058:2064 related 2058:2064 CONCLUSIONS The collective characteristics of the internode regions were related to the varied recalcitrance found in the samples. 27148403 7 19 theme tissue-specific 1093:1107 arg1 distribution 1109:1120 the tissue-specific distribution 1089:1120 the tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses 1089:1138 RESULTS Six different sugarcane hybrids were used as model grasses to evaluate the tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses and the role of these components in cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 1 20 theme lignocellulosic 144:158 arg1 Grasses 132:138 BACKGROUND Grasses 121:138 BACKGROUND Grasses 121:138 BACKGROUND Grasses are lignocellulosic materials useful to supply the billion-tons annual requirement for renewable resources that aim to produce transportation fuels and a variety of chemicals. 27148403 1 20 theme lignocellulosic 144:158 arg1 materials 160:168 lignocellulosic materials 144:168 lignocellulosic materials useful to supply the billion-tons annual requirement for renewable resources that aim to produce transportation fuels and a variety of chemicals 144:313 BACKGROUND Grasses are lignocellulosic materials useful to supply the billion-tons annual requirement for renewable resources that aim to produce transportation fuels and a variety of chemicals. 27148403 12 21 theme hybrids 1847:1853 arg1 regions 1832:1838 Pith regions 1827:1838 Pith regions of the hybrids with high MLG and low-lignin contents 1827:1891 Pith regions of the hybrids with high MLG and low-lignin contents reached up to 85 % cellulose conversion after 72 h of hydrolysis, without any pretreatment. 27148403 13 22 located found 2094:2098 arg2 recalcitrance 2080:2092 the varied recalcitrance 2069:2092 the varied recalcitrance found in the samples 2069:2113 CONCLUSIONS The collective characteristics of the internode regions were related to the varied recalcitrance found in the samples. 27148403 13 22 located found 2094:2098 arg1 samples 2107:2113 the samples 2103:2113 the samples 2103:2113 CONCLUSIONS The collective characteristics of the internode regions were related to the varied recalcitrance found in the samples. 27148403 1 23 theme useful 170:175 arg1 Grasses 132:138 BACKGROUND Grasses 121:138 BACKGROUND Grasses 121:138 BACKGROUND Grasses are lignocellulosic materials useful to supply the billion-tons annual requirement for renewable resources that aim to produce transportation fuels and a variety of chemicals. 27148403 1 23 theme useful 170:175 arg1 materials 160:168 lignocellulosic materials 144:168 lignocellulosic materials useful to supply the billion-tons annual requirement for renewable resources that aim to produce transportation fuels and a variety of chemicals 144:313 BACKGROUND Grasses are lignocellulosic materials useful to supply the billion-tons annual requirement for renewable resources that aim to produce transportation fuels and a variety of chemicals. 27148403 0 24 theme related 85:91 arg1 hybrids 74:80 six different sugarcane hybrids 50:80 six different sugarcane hybrids as related to cell wall recalcitrance 50:118 Tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses in six different sugarcane hybrids as related to cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 12 25 theme Pith 1827:1830 arg1 regions 1832:1838 Pith regions 1827:1838 Pith regions of the hybrids with high MLG and low-lignin contents 1827:1891 Pith regions of the hybrids with high MLG and low-lignin contents reached up to 85 % cellulose conversion after 72 h of hydrolysis, without any pretreatment. 27148403 10 26 theme parenchyma 1540:1549 arg1 walls 1556:1560 the parenchyma cell walls 1536:1560 the parenchyma cell walls from the pith region of the hybrids with low-lignin content 1536:1620 Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that xylans predominated in vascular bundles, whereas MLG occurred mostly in the parenchyma cell walls from the pith region of the hybrids with low-lignin content. 27148403 0 27 theme cell 96:99 arg1 recalcitrance 106:118 cell wall recalcitrance 96:118 cell wall recalcitrance 96:118 Tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses in six different sugarcane hybrids as related to cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 12 28 dep % 1910:1910 arg1 85  1907:1909 85  1907:1909 85  1907:1909 Pith regions of the hybrids with high MLG and low-lignin contents reached up to 85 % cellulose conversion after 72 h of hydrolysis, without any pretreatment. 27148403 9 29 theme content 1405:1411 arg1 hybrids 1413:1419 the low-lignin content hybrids 1390:1419 the low-lignin content hybrids 1390:1419 Mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) was relevant in the innermost regions of the sugarcane internodes (up to 15.4 % w/w), especially in the low-lignin content hybrids. 27148403 14 30 theme crystallinity 2215:2227 arg1 index 2229:2233 low cellulose crystallinity index 2201:2233 low cellulose crystallinity index 2201:2233 Components such as lignin and GAX were critical for the increased recalcitrance, but low cellulose crystallinity index, high MLG contents, and highly substituted GAX contributed to the generation of a less recalcitrant material. 27148403 0 31 theme Tissue-specific 0:14 arg1 distribution 16:27 Tissue-specific distribution 0:27 Tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses in six different sugarcane hybrids as related to cell wall recalcitrance. 0:119 Tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses in six different sugarcane hybrids as related to cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 7 32 theme sugarcane 1032:1040 arg1 grasses 1069:1075 model grasses 1063:1075 model grasses 1063:1075 RESULTS Six different sugarcane hybrids were used as model grasses to evaluate the tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses and the role of these components in cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 7 32 theme sugarcane 1032:1040 arg1 hybrids 1042:1048 Six different sugarcane hybrids 1018:1048 Six different sugarcane hybrids 1018:1048 RESULTS Six different sugarcane hybrids were used as model grasses to evaluate the tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses and the role of these components in cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 4 33 theme cell 607:610 arg1 components 617:626 cell wall components 607:626 cell wall components 607:626 The varied tissue-specific distribution of cell wall components adds complexity to the origins of cell wall recalcitrance in grasses. 27148403 14 34 theme low 2201:2203 arg1 index 2229:2233 low cellulose crystallinity index 2201:2233 low cellulose crystallinity index 2201:2233 Components such as lignin and GAX were critical for the increased recalcitrance, but low cellulose crystallinity index, high MLG contents, and highly substituted GAX contributed to the generation of a less recalcitrant material. 27148403 10 35 theme vascular 1487:1494 arg1 bundles 1496:1502 vascular bundles 1487:1502 vascular bundles 1487:1502 Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that xylans predominated in vascular bundles, whereas MLG occurred mostly in the parenchyma cell walls from the pith region of the hybrids with low-lignin content. 27148403 3 36 theme energy-efficient 478:493 arg1 transformation 519:532 the energy-efficient and economically viable transformation 474:532 the energy-efficient and economically viable transformation of lignocellulosic materials 474:561 Deconstruction of these cell walls is still a challenge for the energy-efficient and economically viable transformation of lignocellulosic materials. 27148403 7 37 used used 1055:1058 arg2 grasses 1069:1075 model grasses 1063:1075 model grasses 1063:1075 RESULTS Six different sugarcane hybrids were used as model grasses to evaluate the tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses and the role of these components in cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 7 37 used used 1055:1058 arg2 hybrids 1042:1048 Six different sugarcane hybrids 1018:1048 Six different sugarcane hybrids 1018:1048 RESULTS Six different sugarcane hybrids were used as model grasses to evaluate the tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses and the role of these components in cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 3 38 theme cell 438:441 arg1 walls 443:447 these cell walls 432:447 these cell walls 432:447 Deconstruction of these cell walls is still a challenge for the energy-efficient and economically viable transformation of lignocellulosic materials. 27148403 4 39 theme components 617:626 arg1 distribution 591:602 The varied tissue-specific distribution 564:602 The varied tissue-specific distribution of cell wall components 564:626 The varied tissue-specific distribution of cell wall components adds complexity to the origins of cell wall recalcitrance in grasses. 27148403 12 40 dep conversion 1922:1931 arg1 % 1910:1910 % 1910:1910 % 1910:1910 Pith regions of the hybrids with high MLG and low-lignin contents reached up to 85 % cellulose conversion after 72 h of hydrolysis, without any pretreatment. 27148403 13 41 dep CONCLUSIONS 1985:1995 arg1 characteristics 2012:2026 The collective characteristics 1997:2026 The collective characteristics of the internode regions 1997:2051 CONCLUSIONS The collective characteristics of the internode regions were related to the varied recalcitrance found in the samples. 27148403 13 41 dep CONCLUSIONS 1985:1995 arg1 related 2058:2064 related 2058:2064 related 2058:2064 CONCLUSIONS The collective characteristics of the internode regions were related to the varied recalcitrance found in the samples. 27148403 4 42 theme varied 568:573 arg1 distribution 591:602 The varied tissue-specific distribution 564:602 The varied tissue-specific distribution of cell wall components 564:626 The varied tissue-specific distribution of cell wall components adds complexity to the origins of cell wall recalcitrance in grasses. 27148403 14 43 theme increased 2172:2180 arg1 recalcitrance 2182:2194 the increased recalcitrance 2168:2194 the increased recalcitrance 2168:2194 Components such as lignin and GAX were critical for the increased recalcitrance, but low cellulose crystallinity index, high MLG contents, and highly substituted GAX contributed to the generation of a less recalcitrant material. 27148403 6 44 theme pretreatment 842:853 arg1 procedures 855:864 efficient pretreatment procedures 832:864 efficient pretreatment procedures 832:864 A further complication is that efficient pretreatment procedures generally treat the less recalcitrant tissues more than necessary, which results in the generation of undesirable biomass degradation products. 27148403 0 45 theme different 54:62 arg1 hybrids 74:80 six different sugarcane hybrids 50:80 six different sugarcane hybrids as related to cell wall recalcitrance 50:118 Tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses in six different sugarcane hybrids as related to cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 12 46 theme hydrolysis 1947:1956 arg1 72 h 1939:1942 72 h 1939:1942 72 h of hydrolysis 1939:1956 Pith regions of the hybrids with high MLG and low-lignin contents reached up to 85 % cellulose conversion after 72 h of hydrolysis, without any pretreatment. 27148403 9 47 theme Mixed-linkage 1263:1275 arg1 MLG 1285:1287 MLG 1285:1287 MLG 1285:1287 Mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) was relevant in the innermost regions of the sugarcane internodes (up to 15.4 % w/w), especially in the low-lignin content hybrids. 27148403 9 47 theme Mixed-linkage 1263:1275 arg1 glucan 1277:1282 Mixed-linkage glucan 1263:1282 Mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) 1263:1288 Mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) was relevant in the innermost regions of the sugarcane internodes (up to 15.4 % w/w), especially in the low-lignin content hybrids. 27148403 2 48 theme grass 358:362 arg1 walls 369:373 grass cell walls 358:373 grass cell walls 358:373 However, the polysaccharides contained in grass cell walls are built in a recalcitrant composite. 27148403 7 49 theme different 1022:1030 arg1 grasses 1069:1075 model grasses 1063:1075 model grasses 1063:1075 RESULTS Six different sugarcane hybrids were used as model grasses to evaluate the tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses and the role of these components in cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 7 49 theme different 1022:1030 arg1 hybrids 1042:1048 Six different sugarcane hybrids 1018:1048 Six different sugarcane hybrids 1018:1048 RESULTS Six different sugarcane hybrids were used as model grasses to evaluate the tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses and the role of these components in cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 12 50 theme cellulose 1912:1920 arg1 conversion 1922:1931 up to 85 % cellulose conversion 1901:1931 up to 85 % cellulose conversion 1901:1931 Pith regions of the hybrids with high MLG and low-lignin contents reached up to 85 % cellulose conversion after 72 h of hydrolysis, without any pretreatment. 27148403 9 51 dep internodes 1345:1354 arg1 % 1368:1368 up to 15.4 % 1357:1368 up to 15.4 % w/w 1357:1372 Mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) was relevant in the innermost regions of the sugarcane internodes (up to 15.4 % w/w), especially in the low-lignin content hybrids. 27148403 11 52 theme internode 1779:1787 arg1 regions 1789:1795 the internode regions 1775:1795 the internode regions 1775:1795 Evaluation of the digestibility of sugarcane polysaccharides by commercial enzymes indicated that the cell wall recalcitrance varied considerably along the internode regions and in the sugarcane hybrids. 27148403 11 53 theme wall 1730:1733 arg1 recalcitrance 1735:1747 the cell wall recalcitrance 1721:1747 the cell wall recalcitrance 1721:1747 Evaluation of the digestibility of sugarcane polysaccharides by commercial enzymes indicated that the cell wall recalcitrance varied considerably along the internode regions and in the sugarcane hybrids. 27148403 3 54 theme lignocellulosic 537:551 arg1 materials 553:561 lignocellulosic materials 537:561 lignocellulosic materials 537:561 Deconstruction of these cell walls is still a challenge for the energy-efficient and economically viable transformation of lignocellulosic materials. 27148403 14 55 theme recalcitrant 2322:2333 arg1 material 2335:2342 a less recalcitrant material 2315:2342 a less recalcitrant material 2315:2342 Components such as lignin and GAX were critical for the increased recalcitrance, but low cellulose crystallinity index, high MLG contents, and highly substituted GAX contributed to the generation of a less recalcitrant material. 27148403 7 56 dep RESULTS 1010:1016 arg1 used 1055:1058 used 1055:1058 were used as model grasses to evaluate the tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses and the role of these components in cell wall recalcitrance 1050:1198 RESULTS Six different sugarcane hybrids were used as model grasses to evaluate the tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses and the role of these components in cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 6 57 theme products 1000:1007 arg1 generation 954:963 the generation 950:963 the generation of undesirable biomass degradation products 950:1007 A further complication is that efficient pretreatment procedures generally treat the less recalcitrant tissues more than necessary, which results in the generation of undesirable biomass degradation products. 27148403 9 58 dep 15.4  1363:1367 arg1 to 1360:1361 to 1360:1361 to 1360:1361 Mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) was relevant in the innermost regions of the sugarcane internodes (up to 15.4 % w/w), especially in the low-lignin content hybrids. 27148403 6 59 theme recalcitrant 891:902 arg1 tissues 904:910 the less recalcitrant tissues 882:910 the less recalcitrant tissues 882:910 A further complication is that efficient pretreatment procedures generally treat the less recalcitrant tissues more than necessary, which results in the generation of undesirable biomass degradation products. 27148403 6 60 theme biomass 980:986 arg1 products 1000:1007 undesirable biomass degradation products 968:1007 undesirable biomass degradation products 968:1007 A further complication is that efficient pretreatment procedures generally treat the less recalcitrant tissues more than necessary, which results in the generation of undesirable biomass degradation products. 27148403 12 61 theme high 1860:1863 arg1 MLG 1865:1867 high MLG 1860:1867 high MLG 1860:1867 Pith regions of the hybrids with high MLG and low-lignin contents reached up to 85 % cellulose conversion after 72 h of hydrolysis, without any pretreatment. 27148403 11 62 theme commercial 1687:1696 arg1 enzymes 1698:1704 commercial enzymes 1687:1704 commercial enzymes 1687:1704 Evaluation of the digestibility of sugarcane polysaccharides by commercial enzymes indicated that the cell wall recalcitrance varied considerably along the internode regions and in the sugarcane hybrids. 27148403 1 63 theme annual 204:209 arg1 requirement 211:221 the billion-tons annual requirement 187:221 the billion-tons annual requirement for renewable resources that aim to produce transportation fuels and a variety of chemicals 187:313 BACKGROUND Grasses are lignocellulosic materials useful to supply the billion-tons annual requirement for renewable resources that aim to produce transportation fuels and a variety of chemicals. 27148403 7 64 from distribution 1109:1120 arg1 recalcitrance 1186:1198 cell wall recalcitrance 1176:1198 cell wall recalcitrance 1176:1198 RESULTS Six different sugarcane hybrids were used as model grasses to evaluate the tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses and the role of these components in cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 13 65 theme varied 2073:2078 arg1 recalcitrance 2080:2092 the varied recalcitrance 2069:2092 the varied recalcitrance found in the samples 2069:2113 CONCLUSIONS The collective characteristics of the internode regions were related to the varied recalcitrance found in the samples. 27148403 7 66 theme wall 1181:1184 arg1 recalcitrance 1186:1198 cell wall recalcitrance 1176:1198 cell wall recalcitrance 1176:1198 RESULTS Six different sugarcane hybrids were used as model grasses to evaluate the tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses and the role of these components in cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 11 67 theme polysaccharides 1668:1682 arg1 digestibility 1641:1653 the digestibility 1637:1653 the digestibility of sugarcane polysaccharides 1637:1682 Evaluation of the digestibility of sugarcane polysaccharides by commercial enzymes indicated that the cell wall recalcitrance varied considerably along the internode regions and in the sugarcane hybrids. 27148403 6 68 theme efficient 832:840 arg1 procedures 855:864 efficient pretreatment procedures 832:864 efficient pretreatment procedures 832:864 A further complication is that efficient pretreatment procedures generally treat the less recalcitrant tissues more than necessary, which results in the generation of undesirable biomass degradation products. 27148403 9 69 theme internodes 1345:1354 arg1 regions 1320:1326 the innermost regions 1306:1326 the innermost regions of the sugarcane internodes (up to 15.4 % w/w) 1306:1373 Mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) was relevant in the innermost regions of the sugarcane internodes (up to 15.4 % w/w), especially in the low-lignin content hybrids. 27148403 4 70 from origins 651:657 arg1 grasses 689:695 grasses 689:695 grasses 689:695 The varied tissue-specific distribution of cell wall components adds complexity to the origins of cell wall recalcitrance in grasses. 27148403 1 71 theme BACKGROUND 121:130 arg1 Grasses 132:138 BACKGROUND Grasses 121:138 BACKGROUND Grasses 121:138 BACKGROUND Grasses are lignocellulosic materials useful to supply the billion-tons annual requirement for renewable resources that aim to produce transportation fuels and a variety of chemicals. 27148403 1 71 theme BACKGROUND 121:130 arg1 materials 160:168 lignocellulosic materials 144:168 lignocellulosic materials useful to supply the billion-tons annual requirement for renewable resources that aim to produce transportation fuels and a variety of chemicals 144:313 BACKGROUND Grasses are lignocellulosic materials useful to supply the billion-tons annual requirement for renewable resources that aim to produce transportation fuels and a variety of chemicals. 27148403 10 72 from region 1576:1581 arg1 walls 1556:1560 the parenchyma cell walls 1536:1560 the parenchyma cell walls from the pith region of the hybrids with low-lignin content 1536:1620 Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that xylans predominated in vascular bundles, whereas MLG occurred mostly in the parenchyma cell walls from the pith region of the hybrids with low-lignin content. 27148403 14 73 theme MLG 2241:2243 arg1 contents 2245:2252 high MLG contents 2236:2252 high MLG contents 2236:2252 Components such as lignin and GAX were critical for the increased recalcitrance, but low cellulose crystallinity index, high MLG contents, and highly substituted GAX contributed to the generation of a less recalcitrant material. 27148403 13 74 theme internode 2035:2043 arg1 regions 2045:2051 the internode regions 2031:2051 the internode regions 2031:2051 CONCLUSIONS The collective characteristics of the internode regions were related to the varied recalcitrance found in the samples. 27148403 5 75 theme pretreatment 751:762 arg1 processes 764:772 empirically developed pretreatment processes 729:772 empirically developed pretreatment processes 729:772 This complexity usually led to empirically developed pretreatment processes to overcome recalcitrance. 27148403 7 76 theme hemicelluloses 1125:1138 arg1 role 1148:1151 the role 1144:1151 the role of these components in cell wall recalcitrance 1144:1198 RESULTS Six different sugarcane hybrids were used as model grasses to evaluate the tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses and the role of these components in cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 7 76 theme hemicelluloses 1125:1138 arg1 distribution 1109:1120 the tissue-specific distribution 1089:1120 the tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses 1089:1138 RESULTS Six different sugarcane hybrids were used as model grasses to evaluate the tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses and the role of these components in cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 9 77 from regions 1320:1326 arg1 hybrids 1413:1419 the low-lignin content hybrids 1390:1419 the low-lignin content hybrids 1390:1419 Mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) was relevant in the innermost regions of the sugarcane internodes (up to 15.4 % w/w), especially in the low-lignin content hybrids. 27148403 4 78 from recalcitrance 672:684 arg1 grasses 689:695 grasses 689:695 grasses 689:695 The varied tissue-specific distribution of cell wall components adds complexity to the origins of cell wall recalcitrance in grasses. 27148403 10 79 with hybrids 1590:1596 arg1 content 1614:1620 low-lignin content 1603:1620 low-lignin content 1603:1620 Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that xylans predominated in vascular bundles, whereas MLG occurred mostly in the parenchyma cell walls from the pith region of the hybrids with low-lignin content. 27148403 7 80 from role 1148:1151 arg1 recalcitrance 1186:1198 cell wall recalcitrance 1176:1198 cell wall recalcitrance 1176:1198 RESULTS Six different sugarcane hybrids were used as model grasses to evaluate the tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses and the role of these components in cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 13 81 theme collective 2001:2010 arg1 characteristics 2012:2026 The collective characteristics 1997:2026 The collective characteristics of the internode regions 1997:2051 CONCLUSIONS The collective characteristics of the internode regions were related to the varied recalcitrance found in the samples. 27148403 13 81 theme collective 2001:2010 arg1 related 2058:2064 related 2058:2064 related 2058:2064 CONCLUSIONS The collective characteristics of the internode regions were related to the varied recalcitrance found in the samples. 27148403 0 82 from distribution 16:27 arg1 hybrids 74:80 six different sugarcane hybrids 50:80 six different sugarcane hybrids as related to cell wall recalcitrance 50:118 Tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses in six different sugarcane hybrids as related to cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 10 83 theme cell 1551:1554 arg1 walls 1556:1560 the parenchyma cell walls 1536:1560 the parenchyma cell walls from the pith region of the hybrids with low-lignin content 1536:1620 Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that xylans predominated in vascular bundles, whereas MLG occurred mostly in the parenchyma cell walls from the pith region of the hybrids with low-lignin content. 27148403 0 84 theme wall 101:104 arg1 recalcitrance 106:118 cell wall recalcitrance 96:118 cell wall recalcitrance 96:118 Tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses in six different sugarcane hybrids as related to cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 12 85 with hybrids 1847:1853 arg1 MLG 1865:1867 high MLG 1860:1867 high MLG 1860:1867 Pith regions of the hybrids with high MLG and low-lignin contents reached up to 85 % cellulose conversion after 72 h of hydrolysis, without any pretreatment. 27148403 12 85 with hybrids 1847:1853 arg1 contents 1884:1891 low-lignin contents 1873:1891 low-lignin contents 1873:1891 Pith regions of the hybrids with high MLG and low-lignin contents reached up to 85 % cellulose conversion after 72 h of hydrolysis, without any pretreatment. 27148403 14 86 theme high 2236:2239 arg1 contents 2245:2252 high MLG contents 2236:2252 high MLG contents 2236:2252 Components such as lignin and GAX were critical for the increased recalcitrance, but low cellulose crystallinity index, high MLG contents, and highly substituted GAX contributed to the generation of a less recalcitrant material. 27148403 9 87 theme low-lignin 1394:1403 arg1 hybrids 1413:1419 the low-lignin content hybrids 1390:1419 the low-lignin content hybrids 1390:1419 Mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) was relevant in the innermost regions of the sugarcane internodes (up to 15.4 % w/w), especially in the low-lignin content hybrids. 27148403 7 88 theme model 1063:1067 arg1 grasses 1069:1075 model grasses 1063:1075 model grasses 1063:1075 RESULTS Six different sugarcane hybrids were used as model grasses to evaluate the tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses and the role of these components in cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 7 88 theme model 1063:1067 arg1 hybrids 1042:1048 Six different sugarcane hybrids 1018:1048 Six different sugarcane hybrids 1018:1048 RESULTS Six different sugarcane hybrids were used as model grasses to evaluate the tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses and the role of these components in cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 10 89 theme pith 1571:1574 arg1 region 1576:1581 the pith region 1567:1581 the pith region of the hybrids with low-lignin content 1567:1620 Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that xylans predominated in vascular bundles, whereas MLG occurred mostly in the parenchyma cell walls from the pith region of the hybrids with low-lignin content. 27148403 12 90 dep 85  1907:1909 arg1 to 1904:1905 to 1904:1905 to 1904:1905 Pith regions of the hybrids with high MLG and low-lignin contents reached up to 85 % cellulose conversion after 72 h of hydrolysis, without any pretreatment. 27148403 4 91 theme wall 612:615 arg1 components 617:626 cell wall components 607:626 cell wall components 607:626 The varied tissue-specific distribution of cell wall components adds complexity to the origins of cell wall recalcitrance in grasses. 27148403 14 92 theme cellulose 2205:2213 arg1 index 2229:2233 low cellulose crystallinity index 2201:2233 low cellulose crystallinity index 2201:2233 Components such as lignin and GAX were critical for the increased recalcitrance, but low cellulose crystallinity index, high MLG contents, and highly substituted GAX contributed to the generation of a less recalcitrant material. 27148403 2 93 theme recalcitrant 390:401 arg1 composite 403:411 a recalcitrant composite 388:411 a recalcitrant composite 388:411 However, the polysaccharides contained in grass cell walls are built in a recalcitrant composite. 27148403 0 94 theme hemicelluloses 32:45 arg1 distribution 16:27 Tissue-specific distribution 0:27 Tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses in six different sugarcane hybrids as related to cell wall recalcitrance. 0:119 Tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses in six different sugarcane hybrids as related to cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 1 95 theme chemicals 305:313 arg1 chemicals 305:313 chemicals 305:313 chemicals 305:313 BACKGROUND Grasses are lignocellulosic materials useful to supply the billion-tons annual requirement for renewable resources that aim to produce transportation fuels and a variety of chemicals. 27148403 1 95 theme chemicals 305:313 arg1 fuels 282:286 transportation fuels 267:286 transportation fuels 267:286 BACKGROUND Grasses are lignocellulosic materials useful to supply the billion-tons annual requirement for renewable resources that aim to produce transportation fuels and a variety of chemicals. 27148403 1 95 theme chemicals 305:313 arg1 variety 294:300 a variety 292:300 a variety of chemicals 292:313 BACKGROUND Grasses are lignocellulosic materials useful to supply the billion-tons annual requirement for renewable resources that aim to produce transportation fuels and a variety of chemicals. 27148403 8 96 theme Acetylated 1201:1210 arg1 glucuronoarabinoxylan 1212:1232 Acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylan 1201:1232 Acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) 1201:1238 Acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) occurs in all tissues. 27148403 8 96 theme Acetylated 1201:1210 arg1 GAX 1235:1237 GAX 1235:1237 GAX 1235:1237 Acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) occurs in all tissues. 27148403 10 97 theme hybrids 1590:1596 arg1 region 1576:1581 the pith region 1567:1581 the pith region of the hybrids with low-lignin content 1567:1620 Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that xylans predominated in vascular bundles, whereas MLG occurred mostly in the parenchyma cell walls from the pith region of the hybrids with low-lignin content. 27148403 3 98 theme walls 443:447 arg1 challenge 460:468 a challenge 458:468 a challenge for the energy-efficient and economically viable transformation of lignocellulosic materials 458:561 Deconstruction of these cell walls is still a challenge for the energy-efficient and economically viable transformation of lignocellulosic materials. 27148403 3 98 theme walls 443:447 arg1 Deconstruction 414:427 Deconstruction 414:427 Deconstruction of these cell walls 414:447 Deconstruction of these cell walls is still a challenge for the energy-efficient and economically viable transformation of lignocellulosic materials. 27148403 4 99 theme tissue-specific 575:589 arg1 distribution 591:602 The varied tissue-specific distribution 564:602 The varied tissue-specific distribution of cell wall components 564:626 The varied tissue-specific distribution of cell wall components adds complexity to the origins of cell wall recalcitrance in grasses. 27148403 11 100 theme sugarcane 1808:1816 arg1 hybrids 1818:1824 the sugarcane hybrids 1804:1824 the sugarcane hybrids 1804:1824 Evaluation of the digestibility of sugarcane polysaccharides by commercial enzymes indicated that the cell wall recalcitrance varied considerably along the internode regions and in the sugarcane hybrids. 27148403 0 101 theme sugarcane 64:72 arg1 hybrids 74:80 six different sugarcane hybrids 50:80 six different sugarcane hybrids as related to cell wall recalcitrance 50:118 Tissue-specific distribution of hemicelluloses in six different sugarcane hybrids as related to cell wall recalcitrance. 27148403 10 102 theme Immunofluorescence 1422:1439 arg1 microscopy 1441:1450 Immunofluorescence microscopy 1422:1450 Immunofluorescence microscopy 1422:1450 Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that xylans predominated in vascular bundles, whereas MLG occurred mostly in the parenchyma cell walls from the pith region of the hybrids with low-lignin content. 27148403 2 103 theme cell 364:367 arg1 walls 369:373 grass cell walls 358:373 grass cell walls 358:373 However, the polysaccharides contained in grass cell walls are built in a recalcitrant composite. 27148403 6 104 theme further 803:809 arg1 complication 811:822 A further complication 801:822 A further complication 801:822 A further complication is that efficient pretreatment procedures generally treat the less recalcitrant tissues more than necessary, which results in the generation of undesirable biomass degradation products. 27148403 4 105 theme cell 662:665 arg1 recalcitrance 672:684 cell wall recalcitrance 662:684 cell wall recalcitrance in grasses 662:695 The varied tissue-specific distribution of cell wall components adds complexity to the origins of cell wall recalcitrance in grasses. 27148403 10 106 theme low-lignin 1603:1612 arg1 content 1614:1620 low-lignin content 1603:1620 low-lignin content 1603:1620 Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that xylans predominated in vascular bundles, whereas MLG occurred mostly in the parenchyma cell walls from the pith region of the hybrids with low-lignin content. 27148403 3 107 theme viable 512:517 arg1 transformation 519:532 the energy-efficient and economically viable transformation 474:532 the energy-efficient and economically viable transformation of lignocellulosic materials 474:561 Deconstruction of these cell walls is still a challenge for the energy-efficient and economically viable transformation of lignocellulosic materials. 27148403 6 108 theme necessary 922:930 arg1 tissues 904:910 the less recalcitrant tissues 882:910 the less recalcitrant tissues 882:910 A further complication is that efficient pretreatment procedures generally treat the less recalcitrant tissues more than necessary, which results in the generation of undesirable biomass degradation products. 27148403 4 109 theme recalcitrance 672:684 arg1 origins 651:657 the origins 647:657 the origins of cell wall recalcitrance in grasses 647:695 The varied tissue-specific distribution of cell wall components adds complexity to the origins of cell wall recalcitrance in grasses. 27148403 4 110 theme wall 667:670 arg1 recalcitrance 672:684 cell wall recalcitrance 662:684 cell wall recalcitrance in grasses 662:695 The varied tissue-specific distribution of cell wall components adds complexity to the origins of cell wall recalcitrance in grasses. 27148403 11 111 theme cell 1725:1728 arg1 recalcitrance 1735:1747 the cell wall recalcitrance 1721:1747 the cell wall recalcitrance 1721:1747 Evaluation of the digestibility of sugarcane polysaccharides by commercial enzymes indicated that the cell wall recalcitrance varied considerably along the internode regions and in the sugarcane hybrids. 27148403 1 112 theme transportation 267:280 arg1 fuels 282:286 transportation fuels 267:286 transportation fuels 267:286 BACKGROUND Grasses are lignocellulosic materials useful to supply the billion-tons annual requirement for renewable resources that aim to produce transportation fuels and a variety of chemicals. 27709612 2 0 theme METHODS 399:405 arg1 moiety 510:515 a lipid moiety 502:515 a lipid moiety 502:515 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate was synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry and used as a lipid moiety for the generation of TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs). 27709612 2 0 theme METHODS 399:405 arg1 bioconjugate 434:445 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate 399:445 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate 399:445 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate was synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry and used as a lipid moiety for the generation of TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs). 27709612 1 1 theme solid 299:303 arg1 nanoparticles 311:323 novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles 241:323 novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles 241:323 OBJECTIVES This study was designed to demonstrate the potential of novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles in modulating the pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of tamoxifen (TMX). 27709612 6 2 theme smooth 1046:1051 arg1 surface 1053:1059 smooth surface 1046:1059 smooth surface 1046:1059 KEY FINDINGS Initial characterization with transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical morphology with smooth surface having an average particle size of 261.08 ± 2.13 nm. 27709612 11 3 theme drugs 1590:1594 arg1 bioavailability 1556:1570 the oral bioavailability 1547:1570 the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs like TMX 1547:1603 CONCLUSIONS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based SLNs have a great potential in enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs like TMX. 27709612 3 4 theme solvent 614:620 arg1 method 647:652 solvent emulsification-diffusion method 614:652 solvent emulsification-diffusion method 614:652 TMX-SLNs were prepared by solvent emulsification-diffusion method and optimized for maximum drug loading using rotatable central composite design. 27709612 1 5 theme nanoparticles 311:323 arg1 potential 228:236 the potential 224:236 the potential of novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles in modulating the pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of tamoxifen (TMX) 224:396 OBJECTIVES This study was designed to demonstrate the potential of novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles in modulating the pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of tamoxifen (TMX). 27709612 0 6 theme Alpha-lipoic 0:11 arg1 study 167:171 hepatotoxicity study 152:171 hepatotoxicity study 152:171 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 0 6 theme Alpha-lipoic 0:11 arg1 nanoparticles 59:71 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles 0:71 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 0:172 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 0 6 theme Alpha-lipoic 0:11 arg1 formulation 97:107 formulation 97:107 formulation 97:107 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 0 6 theme Alpha-lipoic 0:11 arg1 optimization 110:121 optimization 110:121 optimization 110:121 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 9 7 from increase 1280:1287 arg1 bioavailability 1301:1315 relative bioavailability 1292:1315 relative bioavailability 1292:1315 Pharmacokinetic study revealed a 1.59-fold increase in relative bioavailability as compared to TMX suspension. 27709612 12 8 from value 1675:1679 arg1 therapy 1705:1711 long-term anticancer therapy 1684:1711 long-term anticancer therapy with least side effects 1684:1735 Moreover, this ALA-SA nanoparticulate system could be of significant value in long-term anticancer therapy with least side effects. 27709612 11 9 theme conjugate-based 1490:1504 arg1 SLNs 1506:1509 α-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based SLNs 1463:1509 α-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based SLNs 1463:1509 CONCLUSIONS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based SLNs have a great potential in enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs like TMX. 27709612 4 10 theme optimized 739:747 arg1 TMX-SLNs 749:756 The optimized TMX-SLNs 735:756 The optimized TMX-SLNs 735:756 The optimized TMX-SLNs were stabilized using 10% w/w trehalose as cryoprotectant. 27709612 7 11 theme 40.73 1153:1157 arg1 % 1165:1165 40.73 ± 2.83% 1153:1165 40.73 ± 2.83% 1153:1165 The observed entrapment efficiency was 40.73 ± 2.83%. 27709612 7 11 theme 40.73 1153:1157 arg1 efficiency 1138:1147 The observed entrapment efficiency 1114:1147 The observed entrapment efficiency 1114:1147 The observed entrapment efficiency was 40.73 ± 2.83%. 27709612 1 12 theme α-lipoic 247:254 arg1 nanoparticles 311:323 novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles 241:323 novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles 241:323 OBJECTIVES This study was designed to demonstrate the potential of novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles in modulating the pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of tamoxifen (TMX). 27709612 11 13 theme great 1518:1522 arg1 potential 1524:1532 a great potential 1516:1532 a great potential 1516:1532 CONCLUSIONS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based SLNs have a great potential in enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs like TMX. 27709612 3 14 theme maximum 672:678 arg1 loading 685:691 maximum drug loading 672:691 maximum drug loading using rotatable central composite design 672:732 TMX-SLNs were prepared by solvent emulsification-diffusion method and optimized for maximum drug loading using rotatable central composite design. 27709612 6 15 theme average 1071:1077 arg1 size 1088:1091 an average particle size 1068:1091 an average particle size of 261.08 ± 2.13 nm 1068:1111 KEY FINDINGS Initial characterization with transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical morphology with smooth surface having an average particle size of 261.08 ± 2.13 nm. 27709612 12 16 with therapy 1705:1711 arg1 effects 1729:1735 least side effects 1718:1735 least side effects 1718:1735 Moreover, this ALA-SA nanoparticulate system could be of significant value in long-term anticancer therapy with least side effects. 27709612 12 17 theme ALA-SA 1621:1626 arg1 system 1644:1649 this ALA-SA nanoparticulate system 1616:1649 this ALA-SA nanoparticulate system 1616:1649 Moreover, this ALA-SA nanoparticulate system could be of significant value in long-term anticancer therapy with least side effects. 27709612 3 18 theme composite 717:725 arg1 design 727:732 rotatable central composite design 699:732 rotatable central composite design 699:732 TMX-SLNs were prepared by solvent emulsification-diffusion method and optimized for maximum drug loading using rotatable central composite design. 27709612 7 19 theme observed 1118:1125 arg1 % 1165:1165 40.73 ± 2.83% 1153:1165 40.73 ± 2.83% 1153:1165 The observed entrapment efficiency was 40.73 ± 2.83%. 27709612 7 19 theme observed 1118:1125 arg1 efficiency 1138:1147 The observed entrapment efficiency 1114:1147 The observed entrapment efficiency 1114:1147 The observed entrapment efficiency was 40.73 ± 2.83%. 27709612 12 20 theme side 1724:1727 arg1 effects 1729:1735 least side effects 1718:1735 least side effects 1718:1735 Moreover, this ALA-SA nanoparticulate system could be of significant value in long-term anticancer therapy with least side effects. 27709612 11 21 contain have 1511:1514 arg1 SLNs 1506:1509 α-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based SLNs 1463:1509 α-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based SLNs 1463:1509 CONCLUSIONS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based SLNs have a great potential in enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs like TMX. 27709612 11 21 contain have 1511:1514 arg2 potential 1524:1532 a great potential 1516:1532 a great potential 1516:1532 CONCLUSIONS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based SLNs have a great potential in enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs like TMX. 27709612 4 22 theme % 782:782 arg1 trehalose 788:796 10% w/w trehalose 780:796 10% w/w trehalose 780:796 The optimized TMX-SLNs were stabilized using 10% w/w trehalose as cryoprotectant. 27709612 3 23 theme rotatable 699:707 arg1 design 727:732 rotatable central composite design 699:732 rotatable central composite design 699:732 TMX-SLNs were prepared by solvent emulsification-diffusion method and optimized for maximum drug loading using rotatable central composite design. 27709612 2 24 theme lipid 556:560 arg1 nanoparticles 562:574 TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles 539:574 TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs) 539:585 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate was synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry and used as a lipid moiety for the generation of TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs). 27709612 2 24 theme lipid 556:560 arg1 TMX-SLNs 577:584 TMX-SLNs 577:584 TMX-SLNs 577:584 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate was synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry and used as a lipid moiety for the generation of TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs). 27709612 1 25 dep pharmacokinetics 343:358 arg1 the 339:341 the 339:341 the 339:341 OBJECTIVES This study was designed to demonstrate the potential of novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles in modulating the pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of tamoxifen (TMX). 27709612 5 26 theme TMX-SLNs 882:889 arg1 pharmacokinetics 830:845 pharmacokinetics 830:845 pharmacokinetics 830:845 In addition, pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of freeze-dried TMX-SLNs were also evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats. 27709612 5 26 theme TMX-SLNs 882:889 arg1 hepatotoxicity 851:864 hepatotoxicity 851:864 hepatotoxicity 851:864 In addition, pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of freeze-dried TMX-SLNs were also evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats. 27709612 12 27 theme anticancer 1694:1703 arg1 therapy 1705:1711 long-term anticancer therapy 1684:1711 long-term anticancer therapy with least side effects 1684:1735 Moreover, this ALA-SA nanoparticulate system could be of significant value in long-term anticancer therapy with least side effects. 27709612 2 28 theme carbodiimide 467:478 arg1 chemistry 480:488 carbodiimide chemistry 467:488 carbodiimide chemistry 467:488 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate was synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry and used as a lipid moiety for the generation of TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs). 27709612 8 29 theme release 1177:1183 arg1 study 1185:1189 In-vitro release study 1168:1189 In-vitro release study 1168:1189 In-vitro release study showed TMX release was slow and pH dependent. 27709612 10 30 theme histopathological 1404:1420 arg1 evaluation 1422:1431 the histopathological evaluation 1400:1431 the histopathological evaluation of liver tissues 1400:1448 A decrease in hepatotoxicity of TMX is evidenced by the histopathological evaluation of liver tissues. 27709612 5 31 theme Dawley 922:927 arg1 rats 929:932 Sprague Dawley rats 914:932 Sprague Dawley rats 914:932 In addition, pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of freeze-dried TMX-SLNs were also evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats. 27709612 12 32 theme significant 1663:1673 arg1 value 1675:1679 significant value 1663:1679 significant value 1663:1679 Moreover, this ALA-SA nanoparticulate system could be of significant value in long-term anticancer therapy with least side effects. 27709612 2 33 theme lipid 504:508 arg1 moiety 510:515 a lipid moiety 502:515 a lipid moiety 502:515 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate was synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry and used as a lipid moiety for the generation of TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs). 27709612 2 33 theme lipid 504:508 arg1 bioconjugate 434:445 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate 399:445 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate 399:445 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate was synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry and used as a lipid moiety for the generation of TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs). 27709612 1 34 dep OBJECTIVES 174:183 arg1 designed 200:207 designed 200:207 was designed to demonstrate the potential of novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles in modulating the pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of tamoxifen (TMX) 196:396 OBJECTIVES This study was designed to demonstrate the potential of novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles in modulating the pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of tamoxifen (TMX). 27709612 0 35 theme conjugate-based 31:45 arg1 study 167:171 hepatotoxicity study 152:171 hepatotoxicity study 152:171 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 0 35 theme conjugate-based 31:45 arg1 nanoparticles 59:71 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles 0:71 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 0:172 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 0 35 theme conjugate-based 31:45 arg1 formulation 97:107 formulation 97:107 formulation 97:107 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 0 35 theme conjugate-based 31:45 arg1 optimization 110:121 optimization 110:121 optimization 110:121 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 10 36 theme tissues 1442:1448 arg1 evaluation 1422:1431 the histopathological evaluation 1400:1431 the histopathological evaluation of liver tissues 1400:1448 A decrease in hepatotoxicity of TMX is evidenced by the histopathological evaluation of liver tissues. 27709612 9 37 dep increase 1280:1287 arg1 compared 1320:1327 compared 1320:1327 compared to TMX suspension 1320:1345 Pharmacokinetic study revealed a 1.59-fold increase in relative bioavailability as compared to TMX suspension. 27709612 2 38 theme TMX-loaded 539:548 arg1 nanoparticles 562:574 TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles 539:574 TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs) 539:585 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate was synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry and used as a lipid moiety for the generation of TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs). 27709612 2 38 theme TMX-loaded 539:548 arg1 TMX-SLNs 577:584 TMX-SLNs 577:584 TMX-SLNs 577:584 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate was synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry and used as a lipid moiety for the generation of TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs). 27709612 9 39 theme Pharmacokinetic 1237:1251 arg1 study 1253:1257 Pharmacokinetic study 1237:1257 Pharmacokinetic study 1237:1257 Pharmacokinetic study revealed a 1.59-fold increase in relative bioavailability as compared to TMX suspension. 27709612 0 40 theme lipid 53:57 arg1 study 167:171 hepatotoxicity study 152:171 hepatotoxicity study 152:171 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 0 40 theme lipid 53:57 arg1 nanoparticles 59:71 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles 0:71 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 0:172 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 0 40 theme lipid 53:57 arg1 formulation 97:107 formulation 97:107 formulation 97:107 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 0 40 theme lipid 53:57 arg1 optimization 110:121 optimization 110:121 optimization 110:121 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 6 41 theme transmission 978:989 arg1 microscopy 1000:1009 transmission electron microscopy 978:1009 transmission electron microscopy 978:1009 KEY FINDINGS Initial characterization with transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical morphology with smooth surface having an average particle size of 261.08 ± 2.13 nm. 27709612 11 42 dep CONCLUSIONS 1451:1461 arg1 have 1511:1514 have 1511:1514 have a great potential in enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs like TMX 1511:1603 CONCLUSIONS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based SLNs have a great potential in enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs like TMX. 27709612 12 43 theme long-term 1684:1692 arg1 therapy 1705:1711 long-term anticancer therapy 1684:1711 long-term anticancer therapy with least side effects 1684:1735 Moreover, this ALA-SA nanoparticulate system could be of significant value in long-term anticancer therapy with least side effects. 27709612 9 44 theme 1.59-fold 1270:1278 arg1 increase 1280:1287 a 1.59-fold increase 1268:1287 a 1.59-fold increase in relative bioavailability as compared to TMX suspension 1268:1345 Pharmacokinetic study revealed a 1.59-fold increase in relative bioavailability as compared to TMX suspension. 27709612 1 45 theme acid-stearylamine 256:272 arg1 nanoparticles 311:323 novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles 241:323 novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles 241:323 OBJECTIVES This study was designed to demonstrate the potential of novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles in modulating the pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of tamoxifen (TMX). 27709612 11 46 theme oral 1551:1554 arg1 bioavailability 1556:1570 the oral bioavailability 1547:1570 the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs like TMX 1547:1603 CONCLUSIONS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based SLNs have a great potential in enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs like TMX. 27709612 1 47 theme ALA-SA 275:280 arg1 nanoparticles 311:323 novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles 241:323 novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles 241:323 OBJECTIVES This study was designed to demonstrate the potential of novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles in modulating the pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of tamoxifen (TMX). 27709612 2 48 theme α-lipoic 407:414 arg1 moiety 510:515 a lipid moiety 502:515 a lipid moiety 502:515 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate was synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry and used as a lipid moiety for the generation of TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs). 27709612 2 48 theme α-lipoic 407:414 arg1 bioconjugate 434:445 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate 399:445 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate 399:445 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate was synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry and used as a lipid moiety for the generation of TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs). 27709612 1 49 theme conjugate-based 283:297 arg1 nanoparticles 311:323 novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles 241:323 novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles 241:323 OBJECTIVES This study was designed to demonstrate the potential of novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles in modulating the pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of tamoxifen (TMX). 27709612 12 50 theme nanoparticulate 1628:1642 arg1 system 1644:1649 this ALA-SA nanoparticulate system 1616:1649 this ALA-SA nanoparticulate system 1616:1649 Moreover, this ALA-SA nanoparticulate system could be of significant value in long-term anticancer therapy with least side effects. 27709612 11 51 theme soluble 1582:1588 arg1 drugs 1590:1594 poorly soluble drugs 1575:1594 poorly soluble drugs like TMX 1575:1603 CONCLUSIONS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based SLNs have a great potential in enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs like TMX. 27709612 1 52 theme lipid 305:309 arg1 nanoparticles 311:323 novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles 241:323 novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles 241:323 OBJECTIVES This study was designed to demonstrate the potential of novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles in modulating the pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of tamoxifen (TMX). 27709612 9 53 theme TMX 1332:1334 arg1 suspension 1336:1345 TMX suspension 1332:1345 TMX suspension 1332:1345 Pharmacokinetic study revealed a 1.59-fold increase in relative bioavailability as compared to TMX suspension. 27709612 6 54 theme spherical 1020:1028 arg1 morphology 1030:1039 spherical morphology 1020:1039 spherical morphology 1020:1039 KEY FINDINGS Initial characterization with transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical morphology with smooth surface having an average particle size of 261.08 ± 2.13 nm. 27709612 6 55 theme nm 1110:1111 arg1 size 1088:1091 an average particle size 1068:1091 an average particle size of 261.08 ± 2.13 nm 1068:1111 KEY FINDINGS Initial characterization with transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical morphology with smooth surface having an average particle size of 261.08 ± 2.13 nm. 27709612 11 56 theme acid-stearylamine 1472:1488 arg1 SLNs 1506:1509 α-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based SLNs 1463:1509 α-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based SLNs 1463:1509 CONCLUSIONS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based SLNs have a great potential in enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs like TMX. 27709612 0 57 theme hepatotoxicity 152:165 arg1 study 167:171 hepatotoxicity study 152:171 hepatotoxicity study 152:171 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 0 57 theme hepatotoxicity 152:165 arg1 nanoparticles 59:71 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles 0:71 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 0:172 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 3 58 theme emulsification-diffusion 622:645 arg1 method 647:652 solvent emulsification-diffusion method 614:652 solvent emulsification-diffusion method 614:652 TMX-SLNs were prepared by solvent emulsification-diffusion method and optimized for maximum drug loading using rotatable central composite design. 27709612 3 59 theme drug 680:683 arg1 loading 685:691 maximum drug loading 672:691 maximum drug loading using rotatable central composite design 672:732 TMX-SLNs were prepared by solvent emulsification-diffusion method and optimized for maximum drug loading using rotatable central composite design. 27709612 1 60 theme novel 241:245 arg1 nanoparticles 311:323 novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles 241:323 novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles 241:323 OBJECTIVES This study was designed to demonstrate the potential of novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles in modulating the pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of tamoxifen (TMX). 27709612 7 61 theme ± 1159:1159 arg1 % 1165:1165 40.73 ± 2.83% 1153:1165 40.73 ± 2.83% 1153:1165 The observed entrapment efficiency was 40.73 ± 2.83%. 27709612 7 61 theme ± 1159:1159 arg1 efficiency 1138:1147 The observed entrapment efficiency 1114:1147 The observed entrapment efficiency 1114:1147 The observed entrapment efficiency was 40.73 ± 2.83%. 27709612 6 62 theme particle 1079:1086 arg1 size 1088:1091 an average particle size 1068:1091 an average particle size of 261.08 ± 2.13 nm 1068:1111 KEY FINDINGS Initial characterization with transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical morphology with smooth surface having an average particle size of 261.08 ± 2.13 nm. 27709612 2 63 used used 494:497 arg2 bioconjugate 434:445 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate 399:445 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate 399:445 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate was synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry and used as a lipid moiety for the generation of TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs). 27709612 2 63 used used 494:497 arg2 moiety 510:515 a lipid moiety 502:515 a lipid moiety 502:515 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate was synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry and used as a lipid moiety for the generation of TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs). 27709612 10 64 theme TMX 1380:1382 arg1 hepatotoxicity 1362:1375 hepatotoxicity 1362:1375 hepatotoxicity of TMX 1362:1382 A decrease in hepatotoxicity of TMX is evidenced by the histopathological evaluation of liver tissues. 27709612 10 65 from decrease 1350:1357 arg1 hepatotoxicity 1362:1375 hepatotoxicity 1362:1375 hepatotoxicity of TMX 1362:1382 A decrease in hepatotoxicity of TMX is evidenced by the histopathological evaluation of liver tissues. 27709612 3 66 theme central 709:715 arg1 design 727:732 rotatable central composite design 699:732 rotatable central composite design 699:732 TMX-SLNs were prepared by solvent emulsification-diffusion method and optimized for maximum drug loading using rotatable central composite design. 27709612 7 67 theme entrapment 1127:1136 arg1 % 1165:1165 40.73 ± 2.83% 1153:1165 40.73 ± 2.83% 1153:1165 The observed entrapment efficiency was 40.73 ± 2.83%. 27709612 7 67 theme entrapment 1127:1136 arg1 efficiency 1138:1147 The observed entrapment efficiency 1114:1147 The observed entrapment efficiency 1114:1147 The observed entrapment efficiency was 40.73 ± 2.83%. 27709612 2 68 theme nanoparticles 562:574 arg1 generation 525:534 the generation 521:534 the generation of TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs) 521:585 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate was synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry and used as a lipid moiety for the generation of TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs). 27709612 4 69 theme 10 780:781 arg1 % 782:782 % 782:782 % 782:782 The optimized TMX-SLNs were stabilized using 10% w/w trehalose as cryoprotectant. 27709612 5 70 theme freeze-dried 869:880 arg1 TMX-SLNs 882:889 freeze-dried TMX-SLNs 869:889 freeze-dried TMX-SLNs 869:889 In addition, pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of freeze-dried TMX-SLNs were also evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats. 27709612 2 71 theme solid 550:554 arg1 nanoparticles 562:574 TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles 539:574 TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs) 539:585 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate was synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry and used as a lipid moiety for the generation of TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs). 27709612 2 71 theme solid 550:554 arg1 TMX-SLNs 577:584 TMX-SLNs 577:584 TMX-SLNs 577:584 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate was synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry and used as a lipid moiety for the generation of TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs). 27709612 4 72 theme w/w 784:786 arg1 trehalose 788:796 10% w/w trehalose 780:796 10% w/w trehalose 780:796 The optimized TMX-SLNs were stabilized using 10% w/w trehalose as cryoprotectant. 27709612 8 73 theme In-vitro 1168:1175 arg1 study 1185:1189 In-vitro release study 1168:1189 In-vitro release study 1168:1189 In-vitro release study showed TMX release was slow and pH dependent. 27709612 12 74 theme least 1718:1722 arg1 effects 1729:1735 least side effects 1718:1735 least side effects 1718:1735 Moreover, this ALA-SA nanoparticulate system could be of significant value in long-term anticancer therapy with least side effects. 27709612 10 75 theme liver 1436:1440 arg1 tissues 1442:1448 liver tissues 1436:1448 liver tissues 1436:1448 A decrease in hepatotoxicity of TMX is evidenced by the histopathological evaluation of liver tissues. 27709612 11 76 theme α-lipoic 1463:1470 arg1 SLNs 1506:1509 α-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based SLNs 1463:1509 α-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based SLNs 1463:1509 CONCLUSIONS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based SLNs have a great potential in enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs like TMX. 27709612 0 77 theme acid-stearylamine 13:29 arg1 study 167:171 hepatotoxicity study 152:171 hepatotoxicity study 152:171 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 0 77 theme acid-stearylamine 13:29 arg1 nanoparticles 59:71 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles 0:71 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 0:172 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 0 77 theme acid-stearylamine 13:29 arg1 formulation 97:107 formulation 97:107 formulation 97:107 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 0 77 theme acid-stearylamine 13:29 arg1 optimization 110:121 optimization 110:121 optimization 110:121 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 8 78 theme TMX 1198:1200 arg1 release 1202:1208 TMX release 1198:1208 TMX release 1198:1208 In-vitro release study showed TMX release was slow and pH dependent. 27709612 6 79 dep FINDINGS 939:946 arg1 revealed 1011:1018 revealed 1011:1018 revealed spherical morphology with smooth surface having an average particle size of 261.08 ± 2.13 nm 1011:1111 KEY FINDINGS Initial characterization with transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical morphology with smooth surface having an average particle size of 261.08 ± 2.13 nm. 27709612 0 80 theme solid 47:51 arg1 study 167:171 hepatotoxicity study 152:171 hepatotoxicity study 152:171 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 0 80 theme solid 47:51 arg1 nanoparticles 59:71 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles 0:71 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 0:172 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 0 80 theme solid 47:51 arg1 formulation 97:107 formulation 97:107 formulation 97:107 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 0 80 theme solid 47:51 arg1 optimization 110:121 optimization 110:121 optimization 110:121 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 6 81 theme electron 991:998 arg1 microscopy 1000:1009 transmission electron microscopy 978:1009 transmission electron microscopy 978:1009 KEY FINDINGS Initial characterization with transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical morphology with smooth surface having an average particle size of 261.08 ± 2.13 nm. 27709612 6 82 with characterization 956:971 arg1 microscopy 1000:1009 transmission electron microscopy 978:1009 transmission electron microscopy 978:1009 KEY FINDINGS Initial characterization with transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical morphology with smooth surface having an average particle size of 261.08 ± 2.13 nm. 27709612 0 83 theme tamoxifen 77:85 arg1 delivery 87:94 tamoxifen delivery 77:94 tamoxifen delivery 77:94 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 0 84 dep nanoparticles 59:71 arg1 study 167:171 hepatotoxicity study 152:171 hepatotoxicity study 152:171 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 0 84 dep nanoparticles 59:71 arg1 formulation 97:107 formulation 97:107 formulation 97:107 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 0 84 dep nanoparticles 59:71 arg1 nanoparticles 59:71 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles 0:71 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 0:172 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 0 84 dep nanoparticles 59:71 arg1 optimization 110:121 optimization 110:121 optimization 110:121 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 0 84 dep nanoparticles 59:71 arg1 pharmacokinetic 132:146 pharmacokinetic 132:146 pharmacokinetic 132:146 Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. 27709612 1 85 theme tamoxifen 382:390 arg1 hepatotoxicity 364:377 hepatotoxicity 364:377 hepatotoxicity 364:377 OBJECTIVES This study was designed to demonstrate the potential of novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles in modulating the pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of tamoxifen (TMX). 27709612 1 85 theme tamoxifen 382:390 arg1 pharmacokinetics 343:358 pharmacokinetics 343:358 pharmacokinetics 343:358 OBJECTIVES This study was designed to demonstrate the potential of novel α-lipoic acid-stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles in modulating the pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of tamoxifen (TMX). 27709612 6 86 theme Initial 948:954 arg1 characterization 956:971 Initial characterization 948:971 Initial characterization with transmission electron microscopy 948:1009 KEY FINDINGS Initial characterization with transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical morphology with smooth surface having an average particle size of 261.08 ± 2.13 nm. 27709612 6 87 theme KEY 935:937 arg1 FINDINGS 939:946 KEY FINDINGS 935:946 KEY FINDINGS Initial characterization with transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical morphology with smooth surface having an average particle size of 261.08 ± 2.13 nm. 935:1112 KEY FINDINGS Initial characterization with transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical morphology with smooth surface having an average particle size of 261.08 ± 2.13 nm. 27709612 8 88 dep showed 1191:1196 arg1 slow 1214:1217 slow 1214:1217 slow 1214:1217 In-vitro release study showed TMX release was slow and pH dependent. 27709612 8 88 dep showed 1191:1196 arg1 dependent 1226:1234 dependent 1226:1234 dependent 1226:1234 In-vitro release study showed TMX release was slow and pH dependent. 27709612 9 89 theme relative 1292:1299 arg1 bioavailability 1301:1315 relative bioavailability 1292:1315 relative bioavailability 1292:1315 Pharmacokinetic study revealed a 1.59-fold increase in relative bioavailability as compared to TMX suspension. 27709612 2 90 theme acid-stearylamine 416:432 arg1 moiety 510:515 a lipid moiety 502:515 a lipid moiety 502:515 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate was synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry and used as a lipid moiety for the generation of TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs). 27709612 2 90 theme acid-stearylamine 416:432 arg1 bioconjugate 434:445 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate 399:445 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate 399:445 METHODS α-lipoic acid-stearylamine bioconjugate was synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry and used as a lipid moiety for the generation of TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs). 27693718 0 0 theme antimicrobial 84:96 arg1 activity 98:105 their enhanced antimicrobial activity 69:105 their enhanced antimicrobial activity 69:105 Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-TiO2:Cu nanocomposite and their enhanced antimicrobial activity with visible light. 27693718 9 1 theme organic 1292:1298 arg1 material 1314:1321 organic and inorganic material 1292:1321 organic and inorganic material complimenting each other's activity 1292:1357 The antimicrobial activity of CS-CT nanocomposite in presence of light is found to be enhanced than that of its components, this is due to synergistic effect of organic and inorganic material complimenting each other's activity. 27693718 6 2 theme SEM 719:721 arg1 analysis 723:730 TEM and SEM analysis 711:730 TEM and SEM analysis 711:730 TEM and SEM analysis showed the non-spherical nature of NPs with the average mean diameter 16nm. 27693718 1 3 theme novel 157:161 arg1 strategy 163:170 novel strategy 157:170 novel strategy for the preparation of hybrid nanocomposite containing organic polymer (Chitosan) and inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) 157:296 In the present investigation, novel strategy for the preparation of hybrid nanocomposite containing organic polymer (Chitosan) and inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) has been developed and demonstrated its biomedical application. 27693718 7 4 theme optical 901:907 arg1 absorption 909:918 optical absorption 901:918 optical absorption 901:918 The optical properties were analyzed with UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to confirm optical absorption in the visible region of light. 27693718 0 5 theme enhanced 75:82 arg1 activity 98:105 their enhanced antimicrobial activity 69:105 their enhanced antimicrobial activity 69:105 Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-TiO2:Cu nanocomposite and their enhanced antimicrobial activity with visible light. 27693718 8 6 theme enhanced 976:983 arg1 light 985:989 enhanced light 976:989 enhanced light 976:989 Where CS-CT showed 200% enhanced light mediated photocatalytic antimicrobial activity against microorganism (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) as compared with control. 27693718 3 7 theme structural 500:509 arg1 properties 511:520 The structural properties 496:520 The structural properties of prepared CS-CT nanocomposite 496:552 The structural properties of prepared CS-CT nanocomposite were studied by XRD and FTIR techniques. 27693718 8 8 theme antimicrobial 1015:1027 arg1 activity 1029:1036 photocatalytic antimicrobial activity 1000:1036 photocatalytic antimicrobial activity against microorganism (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) 1000:1103 Where CS-CT showed 200% enhanced light mediated photocatalytic antimicrobial activity against microorganism (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) as compared with control. 27693718 1 9 theme inorganic 258:266 arg1 NPs 293:295 NPs 293:295 NPs 293:295 In the present investigation, novel strategy for the preparation of hybrid nanocomposite containing organic polymer (Chitosan) and inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) has been developed and demonstrated its biomedical application. 27693718 1 9 theme inorganic 258:266 arg1 nanoparticles 278:290 inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles 258:290 inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) 258:296 In the present investigation, novel strategy for the preparation of hybrid nanocomposite containing organic polymer (Chitosan) and inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) has been developed and demonstrated its biomedical application. 27693718 8 10 theme photocatalytic 1000:1013 arg1 activity 1029:1036 photocatalytic antimicrobial activity 1000:1036 photocatalytic antimicrobial activity against microorganism (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) 1000:1103 Where CS-CT showed 200% enhanced light mediated photocatalytic antimicrobial activity against microorganism (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) as compared with control. 27693718 11 11 theme Cytotoxicity 1487:1498 arg1 assessment 1500:1509 Cytotoxicity assessment 1487:1509 Cytotoxicity assessment of CS-CT on human fibroblast cells 1487:1544 Cytotoxicity assessment of CS-CT on human fibroblast cells was performed by MTT assay. 27693718 3 12 theme nanocomposite 540:552 arg1 properties 511:520 The structural properties 496:520 The structural properties of prepared CS-CT nanocomposite 496:552 The structural properties of prepared CS-CT nanocomposite were studied by XRD and FTIR techniques. 27693718 4 13 theme nanocomposite 653:665 arg1 composition 634:644 elemental composition 624:644 elemental composition of the nanocomposite 624:665 The XPS was used to estimate elemental composition of the nanocomposite. 27693718 9 14 theme inorganic 1304:1312 arg1 material 1314:1321 organic and inorganic material 1292:1321 organic and inorganic material complimenting each other's activity 1292:1357 The antimicrobial activity of CS-CT nanocomposite in presence of light is found to be enhanced than that of its components, this is due to synergistic effect of organic and inorganic material complimenting each other's activity. 27693718 10 15 used used 1447:1450 arg2 release 1376:1382 The OH radicals release 1360:1382 The OH radicals release studied by PL spectroscopy on the surface of nanocomposite 1360:1441 The OH radicals release studied by PL spectroscopy on the surface of nanocomposite was used to examine antibacterial activity. 27693718 9 16 theme material 1314:1321 arg1 effect 1282:1287 synergistic effect 1270:1287 synergistic effect of organic and inorganic material complimenting each other's activity 1270:1357 The antimicrobial activity of CS-CT nanocomposite in presence of light is found to be enhanced than that of its components, this is due to synergistic effect of organic and inorganic material complimenting each other's activity. 27693718 5 17 theme Thermal 668:674 arg1 properties 676:685 Thermal properties 668:685 Thermal properties 668:685 Thermal properties were studied using TGA. 27693718 10 18 theme PL 1395:1396 arg1 spectroscopy 1398:1409 PL spectroscopy 1395:1409 PL spectroscopy 1395:1409 The OH radicals release studied by PL spectroscopy on the surface of nanocomposite was used to examine antibacterial activity. 27693718 9 19 theme antimicrobial 1135:1147 arg1 activity 1149:1156 The antimicrobial activity 1131:1156 The antimicrobial activity of CS-CT nanocomposite in presence of light 1131:1200 The antimicrobial activity of CS-CT nanocomposite in presence of light is found to be enhanced than that of its components, this is due to synergistic effect of organic and inorganic material complimenting each other's activity. 27693718 7 20 theme diffuse 857:863 arg1 spectroscopy 877:888 UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy 850:888 UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy 850:888 The optical properties were analyzed with UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to confirm optical absorption in the visible region of light. 27693718 10 21 theme nanocomposite 1429:1441 arg1 surface 1418:1424 the surface 1414:1424 the surface of nanocomposite 1414:1441 The OH radicals release studied by PL spectroscopy on the surface of nanocomposite was used to examine antibacterial activity. 27693718 1 22 theme biomedical 338:347 arg1 application 349:359 its biomedical application 334:359 its biomedical application 334:359 In the present investigation, novel strategy for the preparation of hybrid nanocomposite containing organic polymer (Chitosan) and inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) has been developed and demonstrated its biomedical application. 27693718 6 23 theme diameter 793:800 arg1 16nm 802:805 the average mean diameter 16nm 776:805 the average mean diameter 16nm 776:805 TEM and SEM analysis showed the non-spherical nature of NPs with the average mean diameter 16nm. 27693718 3 24 theme prepared 525:532 arg1 nanocomposite 540:552 prepared CS-CT nanocomposite 525:552 prepared CS-CT nanocomposite 525:552 The structural properties of prepared CS-CT nanocomposite were studied by XRD and FTIR techniques. 27693718 6 25 theme TEM 711:713 arg1 analysis 723:730 TEM and SEM analysis 711:730 TEM and SEM analysis 711:730 TEM and SEM analysis showed the non-spherical nature of NPs with the average mean diameter 16nm. 27693718 2 26 theme ultra-sonication 378:393 arg1 method 395:400 The sol-gel and ultra-sonication method 362:400 The sol-gel and ultra-sonication method assisted for the preparation of uniformly distributed Chitosan-TiO2:Cu (CS-CT) nanocomposite. 362:494 The sol-gel and ultra-sonication method assisted for the preparation of uniformly distributed Chitosan-TiO2:Cu (CS-CT) nanocomposite. 27693718 0 27 theme visible 112:118 arg1 light 120:124 visible light 112:124 visible light 112:124 Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-TiO2:Cu nanocomposite and their enhanced antimicrobial activity with visible light. 27693718 6 28 theme mean 788:791 arg1 diameter 793:800 the average mean diameter 776:800 the average mean diameter 16nm 776:805 TEM and SEM analysis showed the non-spherical nature of NPs with the average mean diameter 16nm. 27693718 3 29 theme CS-CT 534:538 arg1 nanocomposite 540:552 prepared CS-CT nanocomposite 525:552 prepared CS-CT nanocomposite 525:552 The structural properties of prepared CS-CT nanocomposite were studied by XRD and FTIR techniques. 27693718 10 30 theme OH 1364:1365 arg1 radicals 1367:1374 OH radicals 1364:1374 The OH radicals release studied by PL spectroscopy on the surface of nanocomposite 1360:1441 The OH radicals release studied by PL spectroscopy on the surface of nanocomposite was used to examine antibacterial activity. 27693718 2 31 theme distributed 444:454 arg1 Chitosan-TiO2 456:468 uniformly distributed Chitosan-TiO2 434:468 uniformly distributed Chitosan-TiO2 434:468 The sol-gel and ultra-sonication method assisted for the preparation of uniformly distributed Chitosan-TiO2:Cu (CS-CT) nanocomposite. 27693718 7 32 theme light 945:949 arg1 region 935:940 the visible region 923:940 the visible region of light 923:949 The optical properties were analyzed with UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to confirm optical absorption in the visible region of light. 27693718 6 33 theme average 780:786 arg1 diameter 793:800 the average mean diameter 776:800 the average mean diameter 16nm 776:805 TEM and SEM analysis showed the non-spherical nature of NPs with the average mean diameter 16nm. 27693718 3 34 theme XRD 570:572 arg1 techniques 583:592 XRD and FTIR techniques 570:592 XRD and FTIR techniques 570:592 The structural properties of prepared CS-CT nanocomposite were studied by XRD and FTIR techniques. 27693718 7 35 theme UV-vis 850:855 arg1 spectroscopy 877:888 UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy 850:888 UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy 850:888 The optical properties were analyzed with UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to confirm optical absorption in the visible region of light. 27693718 2 36 theme sol-gel 366:372 arg1 method 395:400 The sol-gel and ultra-sonication method 362:400 The sol-gel and ultra-sonication method assisted for the preparation of uniformly distributed Chitosan-TiO2:Cu (CS-CT) nanocomposite. 362:494 The sol-gel and ultra-sonication method assisted for the preparation of uniformly distributed Chitosan-TiO2:Cu (CS-CT) nanocomposite. 27693718 11 37 from assessment 1500:1509 arg1 cells 1540:1544 human fibroblast cells 1523:1544 human fibroblast cells 1523:1544 Cytotoxicity assessment of CS-CT on human fibroblast cells was performed by MTT assay. 27693718 10 38 theme antibacterial 1463:1475 arg1 activity 1477:1484 antibacterial activity 1463:1484 antibacterial activity 1463:1484 The OH radicals release studied by PL spectroscopy on the surface of nanocomposite was used to examine antibacterial activity. 27693718 0 39 theme Cu 48:49 arg1 nanocomposite 51:63 Cu nanocomposite 48:63 Cu nanocomposite 48:63 Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-TiO2:Cu nanocomposite and their enhanced antimicrobial activity with visible light. 27693718 8 40 dep microorganism 1046:1058 arg1 coli 1073:1076 Escherichia coli 1061:1076 Escherichia coli 1061:1076 Where CS-CT showed 200% enhanced light mediated photocatalytic antimicrobial activity against microorganism (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) as compared with control. 27693718 8 40 dep microorganism 1046:1058 arg1 aureus 1097:1102 Staphylococcus aureus 1082:1102 Staphylococcus aureus 1082:1102 Where CS-CT showed 200% enhanced light mediated photocatalytic antimicrobial activity against microorganism (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) as compared with control. 27693718 10 41 theme radicals 1367:1374 arg1 release 1376:1382 The OH radicals release 1360:1382 The OH radicals release studied by PL spectroscopy on the surface of nanocomposite 1360:1441 The OH radicals release studied by PL spectroscopy on the surface of nanocomposite was used to examine antibacterial activity. 27693718 4 42 used used 607:610 arg2 XPS 599:601 The XPS 595:601 The XPS 595:601 The XPS was used to estimate elemental composition of the nanocomposite. 27693718 0 43 with activity 98:105 arg1 light 120:124 visible light 112:124 visible light 112:124 Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-TiO2:Cu nanocomposite and their enhanced antimicrobial activity with visible light. 27693718 11 44 theme MTT 1563:1565 arg1 assay 1567:1571 MTT assay 1563:1571 MTT assay 1563:1571 Cytotoxicity assessment of CS-CT on human fibroblast cells was performed by MTT assay. 27693718 1 45 theme hybrid 195:200 arg1 nanocomposite 202:214 hybrid nanocomposite 195:214 hybrid nanocomposite containing organic polymer (Chitosan) and inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) 195:296 In the present investigation, novel strategy for the preparation of hybrid nanocomposite containing organic polymer (Chitosan) and inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) has been developed and demonstrated its biomedical application. 27693718 7 46 theme optical 812:818 arg1 properties 820:829 The optical properties 808:829 The optical properties 808:829 The optical properties were analyzed with UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to confirm optical absorption in the visible region of light. 27693718 1 47 theme nanocomposite 202:214 arg1 preparation 180:190 the preparation 176:190 the preparation of hybrid nanocomposite containing organic polymer (Chitosan) and inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) 176:296 In the present investigation, novel strategy for the preparation of hybrid nanocomposite containing organic polymer (Chitosan) and inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) has been developed and demonstrated its biomedical application. 27693718 7 48 theme reflectance 865:875 arg1 spectroscopy 877:888 UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy 850:888 UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy 850:888 The optical properties were analyzed with UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to confirm optical absorption in the visible region of light. 27693718 11 49 theme human 1523:1527 arg1 cells 1540:1544 human fibroblast cells 1523:1544 human fibroblast cells 1523:1544 Cytotoxicity assessment of CS-CT on human fibroblast cells was performed by MTT assay. 27693718 2 50 theme assisted 402:409 arg1 method 395:400 The sol-gel and ultra-sonication method 362:400 The sol-gel and ultra-sonication method assisted for the preparation of uniformly distributed Chitosan-TiO2:Cu (CS-CT) nanocomposite. 362:494 The sol-gel and ultra-sonication method assisted for the preparation of uniformly distributed Chitosan-TiO2:Cu (CS-CT) nanocomposite. 27693718 2 51 theme Cu 470:471 arg1 nanocomposite 481:493 Cu (CS-CT) nanocomposite 470:493 The sol-gel and ultra-sonication method assisted for the preparation of uniformly distributed Chitosan-TiO2:Cu (CS-CT) nanocomposite. 362:494 The sol-gel and ultra-sonication method assisted for the preparation of uniformly distributed Chitosan-TiO2:Cu (CS-CT) nanocomposite. 27693718 0 52 theme chitosan-TiO2 34:46 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-TiO2:Cu nanocomposite and their enhanced antimicrobial activity with visible light. 27693718 0 52 theme chitosan-TiO2 34:46 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-TiO2:Cu nanocomposite and their enhanced antimicrobial activity with visible light. 27693718 2 53 dep method 395:400 arg1 nanocomposite 481:493 Cu (CS-CT) nanocomposite 470:493 The sol-gel and ultra-sonication method assisted for the preparation of uniformly distributed Chitosan-TiO2:Cu (CS-CT) nanocomposite. 362:494 The sol-gel and ultra-sonication method assisted for the preparation of uniformly distributed Chitosan-TiO2:Cu (CS-CT) nanocomposite. 27693718 6 54 theme NPs 767:769 arg1 nature 757:762 the non-spherical nature 739:762 the non-spherical nature of NPs 739:769 TEM and SEM analysis showed the non-spherical nature of NPs with the average mean diameter 16nm. 27693718 1 55 theme organic 227:233 arg1 Chitosan 244:251 Chitosan 244:251 Chitosan 244:251 In the present investigation, novel strategy for the preparation of hybrid nanocomposite containing organic polymer (Chitosan) and inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) has been developed and demonstrated its biomedical application. 27693718 1 55 theme organic 227:233 arg1 polymer 235:241 organic polymer 227:241 organic polymer (Chitosan) 227:252 In the present investigation, novel strategy for the preparation of hybrid nanocomposite containing organic polymer (Chitosan) and inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) has been developed and demonstrated its biomedical application. 27693718 9 56 from activity 1149:1156 arg1 presence 1184:1191 presence 1184:1191 presence of light 1184:1200 The antimicrobial activity of CS-CT nanocomposite in presence of light is found to be enhanced than that of its components, this is due to synergistic effect of organic and inorganic material complimenting each other's activity. 27693718 3 57 theme FTIR 578:581 arg1 techniques 583:592 XRD and FTIR techniques 570:592 XRD and FTIR techniques 570:592 The structural properties of prepared CS-CT nanocomposite were studied by XRD and FTIR techniques. 27693718 9 58 theme CS-CT 1161:1165 arg1 nanocomposite 1167:1179 CS-CT nanocomposite 1161:1179 CS-CT nanocomposite 1161:1179 The antimicrobial activity of CS-CT nanocomposite in presence of light is found to be enhanced than that of its components, this is due to synergistic effect of organic and inorganic material complimenting each other's activity. 27693718 2 59 theme Chitosan-TiO2 456:468 arg1 preparation 419:429 the preparation 415:429 the preparation of uniformly distributed Chitosan-TiO2 415:468 The sol-gel and ultra-sonication method assisted for the preparation of uniformly distributed Chitosan-TiO2:Cu (CS-CT) nanocomposite. 27693718 1 60 dep TiO2 269:272 arg1 Cu 274:275 Cu 274:275 TiO2:Cu 269:275 In the present investigation, novel strategy for the preparation of hybrid nanocomposite containing organic polymer (Chitosan) and inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) has been developed and demonstrated its biomedical application. 27693718 9 61 theme nanocomposite 1167:1179 arg1 activity 1149:1156 The antimicrobial activity 1131:1156 The antimicrobial activity of CS-CT nanocomposite in presence of light 1131:1200 The antimicrobial activity of CS-CT nanocomposite in presence of light is found to be enhanced than that of its components, this is due to synergistic effect of organic and inorganic material complimenting each other's activity. 27693718 11 62 theme CS-CT 1514:1518 arg1 assessment 1500:1509 Cytotoxicity assessment 1487:1509 Cytotoxicity assessment of CS-CT on human fibroblast cells 1487:1544 Cytotoxicity assessment of CS-CT on human fibroblast cells was performed by MTT assay. 27693718 1 63 contain containing 216:225 arg1 nanocomposite 202:214 hybrid nanocomposite 195:214 hybrid nanocomposite containing organic polymer (Chitosan) and inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) 195:296 In the present investigation, novel strategy for the preparation of hybrid nanocomposite containing organic polymer (Chitosan) and inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) has been developed and demonstrated its biomedical application. 27693718 1 63 contain containing 216:225 arg2 NPs 293:295 NPs 293:295 NPs 293:295 In the present investigation, novel strategy for the preparation of hybrid nanocomposite containing organic polymer (Chitosan) and inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) has been developed and demonstrated its biomedical application. 27693718 1 63 contain containing 216:225 arg2 Chitosan 244:251 Chitosan 244:251 Chitosan 244:251 In the present investigation, novel strategy for the preparation of hybrid nanocomposite containing organic polymer (Chitosan) and inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) has been developed and demonstrated its biomedical application. 27693718 1 63 contain containing 216:225 arg2 nanoparticles 278:290 inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles 258:290 inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) 258:296 In the present investigation, novel strategy for the preparation of hybrid nanocomposite containing organic polymer (Chitosan) and inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) has been developed and demonstrated its biomedical application. 27693718 1 63 contain containing 216:225 arg2 polymer 235:241 organic polymer 227:241 organic polymer (Chitosan) 227:252 In the present investigation, novel strategy for the preparation of hybrid nanocomposite containing organic polymer (Chitosan) and inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) has been developed and demonstrated its biomedical application. 27693718 6 64 theme non-spherical 743:755 arg1 nature 757:762 the non-spherical nature 739:762 the non-spherical nature of NPs 739:769 TEM and SEM analysis showed the non-spherical nature of NPs with the average mean diameter 16nm. 27693718 7 65 theme visible 927:933 arg1 region 935:940 the visible region 923:940 the visible region of light 923:949 The optical properties were analyzed with UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to confirm optical absorption in the visible region of light. 27693718 9 66 theme synergistic 1270:1280 arg1 effect 1282:1287 synergistic effect 1270:1287 synergistic effect of organic and inorganic material complimenting each other's activity 1270:1357 The antimicrobial activity of CS-CT nanocomposite in presence of light is found to be enhanced than that of its components, this is due to synergistic effect of organic and inorganic material complimenting each other's activity. 27693718 0 67 with nanocomposite 51:63 arg1 light 120:124 visible light 112:124 visible light 112:124 Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-TiO2:Cu nanocomposite and their enhanced antimicrobial activity with visible light. 27693718 1 68 theme present 134:140 arg1 investigation 142:154 the present investigation 130:154 the present investigation 130:154 In the present investigation, novel strategy for the preparation of hybrid nanocomposite containing organic polymer (Chitosan) and inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) has been developed and demonstrated its biomedical application. 27693718 1 69 dep inorganic 258:266 arg1 TiO2 269:272 TiO2 269:272 TiO2:Cu 269:275 In the present investigation, novel strategy for the preparation of hybrid nanocomposite containing organic polymer (Chitosan) and inorganic (TiO2:Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) has been developed and demonstrated its biomedical application. 27693718 11 70 theme fibroblast 1529:1538 arg1 cells 1540:1544 human fibroblast cells 1523:1544 human fibroblast cells 1523:1544 Cytotoxicity assessment of CS-CT on human fibroblast cells was performed by MTT assay. 27693718 4 71 theme elemental 624:632 arg1 composition 634:644 elemental composition 624:644 elemental composition of the nanocomposite 624:665 The XPS was used to estimate elemental composition of the nanocomposite. 27693718 0 72 dep Synthesis 0:8 arg1 activity 98:105 their enhanced antimicrobial activity 69:105 their enhanced antimicrobial activity 69:105 Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-TiO2:Cu nanocomposite and their enhanced antimicrobial activity with visible light. 27693718 0 72 dep Synthesis 0:8 arg1 nanocomposite 51:63 Cu nanocomposite 48:63 Cu nanocomposite 48:63 Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-TiO2:Cu nanocomposite and their enhanced antimicrobial activity with visible light. 27693718 9 73 theme light 1196:1200 arg1 presence 1184:1191 presence 1184:1191 presence of light 1184:1200 The antimicrobial activity of CS-CT nanocomposite in presence of light is found to be enhanced than that of its components, this is due to synergistic effect of organic and inorganic material complimenting each other's activity. 28778519 0 0 theme Akkermansia 100:110 arg1 bacterium 89:97 anti-inflammatory bacterium 71:97 anti-inflammatory bacterium 71:97 Carrageenan-induced colitis is associated with decreased population of anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 0 0 theme Akkermansia 100:110 arg1 muciniphila 112:122 Akkermansia muciniphila 100:122 Akkermansia muciniphila 100:122 Carrageenan-induced colitis is associated with decreased population of anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 3 1 from information 399:409 arg1 issue 419:423 this issue 414:423 this issue 414:423 Here, to provide more information on this issue and solve the debate, we studied and compared in detail the toxic effects of different isomers of carrageenan (κ-, ι-, and λ-) on the colon of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 2 2 theme experimental 356:367 arg1 models 369:374 experimental models 356:374 experimental models 356:374 However, controversy exists regarding to the safety of carrageenan and accumulating evidence indicates that it could induce colitis in experimental models. 28778519 7 3 theme bacterium 1182:1190 arg1 abundance 1142:1150 the abundance 1138:1150 the abundance of a potent anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut, which is highly relevant for understanding the toxic effect of carrageenan 1138:1303 Specifically, all carrageenans significantly decreased the abundance of a potent anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut, which is highly relevant for understanding the toxic effect of carrageenan. 28778519 3 4 theme toxic 485:489 arg1 effects 491:497 the toxic effects 481:497 the toxic effects of different isomers of carrageenan (κ-, ι-, and λ-) on the colon of C57BL/6J mice 481:580 Here, to provide more information on this issue and solve the debate, we studied and compared in detail the toxic effects of different isomers of carrageenan (κ-, ι-, and λ-) on the colon of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 5 5 from effect 877:882 arg1 microbiota 906:915 gut microbiota 902:915 gut microbiota 902:915 Given that carrageenan is unabsorbed after oral administration, and also in light of the fact that gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of colitis, we further investigated the effect of carrageenan on gut microbiota using high-throughput sequencing. 28778519 8 6 theme gastrointestinal 1381:1396 arg1 effect 1398:1403 harmful gastrointestinal effect 1373:1403 harmful gastrointestinal effect of carrageenan 1373:1418 Altogether, our results corroborate previous studies demonstrating harmful gastrointestinal effect of carrageenan and, from a gut microbiota perspective, shed new light into the mechanism by which carrageenan induces colitis in experimental animals. 28778519 7 7 theme anti-inflammatory 1164:1180 arg1 bacterium 1182:1190 a potent anti-inflammatory bacterium 1155:1190 a potent anti-inflammatory bacterium 1155:1190 Specifically, all carrageenans significantly decreased the abundance of a potent anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut, which is highly relevant for understanding the toxic effect of carrageenan. 28778519 7 7 theme anti-inflammatory 1164:1180 arg1 muciniphila 1205:1215 Akkermansia muciniphila 1193:1215 Akkermansia muciniphila 1193:1215 Specifically, all carrageenans significantly decreased the abundance of a potent anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut, which is highly relevant for understanding the toxic effect of carrageenan. 28778519 7 8 theme potent 1157:1162 arg1 bacterium 1182:1190 a potent anti-inflammatory bacterium 1155:1190 a potent anti-inflammatory bacterium 1155:1190 Specifically, all carrageenans significantly decreased the abundance of a potent anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut, which is highly relevant for understanding the toxic effect of carrageenan. 28778519 7 8 theme potent 1157:1162 arg1 muciniphila 1205:1215 Akkermansia muciniphila 1193:1215 Akkermansia muciniphila 1193:1215 Specifically, all carrageenans significantly decreased the abundance of a potent anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut, which is highly relevant for understanding the toxic effect of carrageenan. 28778519 2 9 theme carrageenan 276:286 arg1 safety 266:271 the safety 262:271 the safety of carrageenan 262:286 However, controversy exists regarding to the safety of carrageenan and accumulating evidence indicates that it could induce colitis in experimental models. 28778519 3 10 from effects 491:497 arg1 colon 559:563 the colon 555:563 the colon of C57BL/6J mice 555:580 Here, to provide more information on this issue and solve the debate, we studied and compared in detail the toxic effects of different isomers of carrageenan (κ-, ι-, and λ-) on the colon of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 3 11 theme carrageenan 523:533 arg1 isomers 512:518 different isomers 502:518 different isomers of carrageenan (κ-, ι-, and λ-) 502:550 Here, to provide more information on this issue and solve the debate, we studied and compared in detail the toxic effects of different isomers of carrageenan (κ-, ι-, and λ-) on the colon of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 0 12 from population 57:66 arg1 microbiota 136:145 the gut microbiota 128:145 the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice 128:162 Carrageenan-induced colitis is associated with decreased population of anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 3 13 theme different 502:510 arg1 isomers 512:518 different isomers 502:518 different isomers of carrageenan (κ-, ι-, and λ-) 502:550 Here, to provide more information on this issue and solve the debate, we studied and compared in detail the toxic effects of different isomers of carrageenan (κ-, ι-, and λ-) on the colon of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 5 14 theme gut 781:783 arg1 microbiota 785:794 gut microbiota 781:794 gut microbiota 781:794 Given that carrageenan is unabsorbed after oral administration, and also in light of the fact that gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of colitis, we further investigated the effect of carrageenan on gut microbiota using high-throughput sequencing. 28778519 3 15 theme isomers 512:518 arg1 effects 491:497 the toxic effects 481:497 the toxic effects of different isomers of carrageenan (κ-, ι-, and λ-) on the colon of C57BL/6J mice 481:580 Here, to provide more information on this issue and solve the debate, we studied and compared in detail the toxic effects of different isomers of carrageenan (κ-, ι-, and λ-) on the colon of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 8 16 dep corroborate 1330:1340 arg1 shed 1460:1463 shed 1460:1463 shed new light into the mechanism by which carrageenan induces colitis in experimental animals 1460:1553 Altogether, our results corroborate previous studies demonstrating harmful gastrointestinal effect of carrageenan and, from a gut microbiota perspective, shed new light into the mechanism by which carrageenan induces colitis in experimental animals. 28778519 0 17 theme Carrageenan-induced 0:18 arg1 colitis 20:26 Carrageenan-induced colitis 0:26 Carrageenan-induced colitis 0:26 Carrageenan-induced colitis is associated with decreased population of anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 8 18 theme new 1465:1467 arg1 light 1469:1473 new light 1465:1473 new light 1465:1473 Altogether, our results corroborate previous studies demonstrating harmful gastrointestinal effect of carrageenan and, from a gut microbiota perspective, shed new light into the mechanism by which carrageenan induces colitis in experimental animals. 28778519 4 19 theme comparable 661:670 arg1 activity 672:679 a comparable activity 659:679 a comparable activity 659:679 Interestingly, all isomers of carrageenan were found to induce colitis with a comparable activity. 28778519 7 20 theme toxic 1277:1281 arg1 effect 1283:1288 the toxic effect 1273:1288 the toxic effect of carrageenan 1273:1303 Specifically, all carrageenans significantly decreased the abundance of a potent anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut, which is highly relevant for understanding the toxic effect of carrageenan. 28778519 8 21 theme gut 1432:1434 arg1 perspective 1447:1457 a gut microbiota perspective 1430:1457 a gut microbiota perspective 1430:1457 Altogether, our results corroborate previous studies demonstrating harmful gastrointestinal effect of carrageenan and, from a gut microbiota perspective, shed new light into the mechanism by which carrageenan induces colitis in experimental animals. 28778519 8 22 theme harmful 1373:1379 arg1 effect 1398:1403 harmful gastrointestinal effect 1373:1403 harmful gastrointestinal effect of carrageenan 1373:1418 Altogether, our results corroborate previous studies demonstrating harmful gastrointestinal effect of carrageenan and, from a gut microbiota perspective, shed new light into the mechanism by which carrageenan induces colitis in experimental animals. 28778519 8 23 theme previous 1342:1349 arg1 studies 1351:1357 previous studies 1342:1357 previous studies demonstrating harmful gastrointestinal effect of carrageenan 1342:1418 Altogether, our results corroborate previous studies demonstrating harmful gastrointestinal effect of carrageenan and, from a gut microbiota perspective, shed new light into the mechanism by which carrageenan induces colitis in experimental animals. 28778519 8 24 theme experimental 1534:1545 arg1 animals 1547:1553 experimental animals 1534:1553 experimental animals 1534:1553 Altogether, our results corroborate previous studies demonstrating harmful gastrointestinal effect of carrageenan and, from a gut microbiota perspective, shed new light into the mechanism by which carrageenan induces colitis in experimental animals. 28778519 0 25 theme gut 132:134 arg1 microbiota 136:145 the gut microbiota 128:145 the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice 128:162 Carrageenan-induced colitis is associated with decreased population of anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 7 26 from abundance 1142:1150 arg1 relevant 1246:1253 relevant 1246:1253 relevant 1246:1253 Specifically, all carrageenans significantly decreased the abundance of a potent anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut, which is highly relevant for understanding the toxic effect of carrageenan. 28778519 7 26 from abundance 1142:1150 arg1 gut 1225:1227 the gut 1221:1227 the gut 1221:1227 Specifically, all carrageenans significantly decreased the abundance of a potent anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut, which is highly relevant for understanding the toxic effect of carrageenan. 28778519 2 27 theme accumulating 292:303 arg1 evidence 305:312 accumulating evidence 292:312 accumulating evidence 292:312 However, controversy exists regarding to the safety of carrageenan and accumulating evidence indicates that it could induce colitis in experimental models. 28778519 0 28 theme decreased 47:55 arg1 population 57:66 decreased population 47:66 decreased population of anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice 47:162 Carrageenan-induced colitis is associated with decreased population of anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 0 29 theme C57BL/6J 150:157 arg1 mice 159:162 C57BL/6J mice 150:162 C57BL/6J mice 150:162 Carrageenan-induced colitis is associated with decreased population of anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 5 30 theme oral 725:728 arg1 administration 730:743 oral administration 725:743 oral administration 725:743 Given that carrageenan is unabsorbed after oral administration, and also in light of the fact that gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of colitis, we further investigated the effect of carrageenan on gut microbiota using high-throughput sequencing. 28778519 3 31 theme C57BL/6J 568:575 arg1 mice 577:580 C57BL/6J mice 568:580 C57BL/6J mice 568:580 Here, to provide more information on this issue and solve the debate, we studied and compared in detail the toxic effects of different isomers of carrageenan (κ-, ι-, and λ-) on the colon of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 6 32 theme carrageenan-induced 965:983 arg1 colitis 985:991 carrageenan-induced colitis 965:991 carrageenan-induced colitis 965:991 Intriguingly, carrageenan-induced colitis was observed to be robustly correlated with changes in the composition of gut microbiota. 28778519 3 33 theme more 394:397 arg1 information 399:409 more information 394:409 more information on this issue 394:423 Here, to provide more information on this issue and solve the debate, we studied and compared in detail the toxic effects of different isomers of carrageenan (κ-, ι-, and λ-) on the colon of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 3 34 theme mice 577:580 arg1 colon 559:563 the colon 555:563 the colon of C57BL/6J mice 555:580 Here, to provide more information on this issue and solve the debate, we studied and compared in detail the toxic effects of different isomers of carrageenan (κ-, ι-, and λ-) on the colon of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 1 35 used used 205:208 arg2 Carrageenan 165:175 Carrageenan 165:175 Carrageenan as a food additive 165:194 Carrageenan as a food additive has been used for years. 28778519 6 36 theme microbiota 1071:1080 arg1 composition 1052:1062 the composition 1048:1062 the composition of gut microbiota 1048:1080 Intriguingly, carrageenan-induced colitis was observed to be robustly correlated with changes in the composition of gut microbiota. 28778519 0 37 theme mice 159:162 arg1 microbiota 136:145 the gut microbiota 128:145 the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice 128:162 Carrageenan-induced colitis is associated with decreased population of anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 8 38 theme microbiota 1436:1445 arg1 perspective 1447:1457 a gut microbiota perspective 1430:1457 a gut microbiota perspective 1430:1457 Altogether, our results corroborate previous studies demonstrating harmful gastrointestinal effect of carrageenan and, from a gut microbiota perspective, shed new light into the mechanism by which carrageenan induces colitis in experimental animals. 28778519 6 39 theme gut 1067:1069 arg1 microbiota 1071:1080 gut microbiota 1067:1080 gut microbiota 1067:1080 Intriguingly, carrageenan-induced colitis was observed to be robustly correlated with changes in the composition of gut microbiota. 28778519 8 40 theme carrageenan 1408:1418 arg1 effect 1398:1403 harmful gastrointestinal effect 1373:1403 harmful gastrointestinal effect of carrageenan 1373:1418 Altogether, our results corroborate previous studies demonstrating harmful gastrointestinal effect of carrageenan and, from a gut microbiota perspective, shed new light into the mechanism by which carrageenan induces colitis in experimental animals. 28778519 5 41 dep fact 771:774 arg1 light 758:762 light 758:762 light 758:762 Given that carrageenan is unabsorbed after oral administration, and also in light of the fact that gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of colitis, we further investigated the effect of carrageenan on gut microbiota using high-throughput sequencing. 28778519 5 42 theme gut 902:904 arg1 microbiota 906:915 gut microbiota 902:915 gut microbiota 902:915 Given that carrageenan is unabsorbed after oral administration, and also in light of the fact that gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of colitis, we further investigated the effect of carrageenan on gut microbiota using high-throughput sequencing. 28778519 5 43 theme colitis 840:846 arg1 pathogenesis 824:835 the pathogenesis 820:835 the pathogenesis of colitis 820:846 Given that carrageenan is unabsorbed after oral administration, and also in light of the fact that gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of colitis, we further investigated the effect of carrageenan on gut microbiota using high-throughput sequencing. 28778519 6 44 from changes 1037:1043 arg1 composition 1052:1062 the composition 1048:1062 the composition of gut microbiota 1048:1080 Intriguingly, carrageenan-induced colitis was observed to be robustly correlated with changes in the composition of gut microbiota. 28778519 3 45 dep carrageenan 523:533 arg1 λ- 548:549 λ- 548:549 λ- 548:549 Here, to provide more information on this issue and solve the debate, we studied and compared in detail the toxic effects of different isomers of carrageenan (κ-, ι-, and λ-) on the colon of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 3 45 dep carrageenan 523:533 arg1 κ- 536:537 κ- 536:537 κ- 536:537 Here, to provide more information on this issue and solve the debate, we studied and compared in detail the toxic effects of different isomers of carrageenan (κ-, ι-, and λ-) on the colon of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 3 45 dep carrageenan 523:533 arg1 ι- 540:541 ι- 540:541 ι- 540:541 Here, to provide more information on this issue and solve the debate, we studied and compared in detail the toxic effects of different isomers of carrageenan (κ-, ι-, and λ-) on the colon of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 0 46 theme bacterium 89:97 arg1 population 57:66 decreased population 47:66 decreased population of anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice 47:162 Carrageenan-induced colitis is associated with decreased population of anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 5 47 theme carrageenan 887:897 arg1 effect 877:882 the effect 873:882 the effect of carrageenan on gut microbiota 873:915 Given that carrageenan is unabsorbed after oral administration, and also in light of the fact that gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of colitis, we further investigated the effect of carrageenan on gut microbiota using high-throughput sequencing. 28778519 7 48 theme carrageenan 1293:1303 arg1 effect 1283:1288 the toxic effect 1273:1288 the toxic effect of carrageenan 1273:1303 Specifically, all carrageenans significantly decreased the abundance of a potent anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut, which is highly relevant for understanding the toxic effect of carrageenan. 28778519 5 49 theme pivotal 804:810 arg1 role 812:815 a pivotal role 802:815 a pivotal role 802:815 Given that carrageenan is unabsorbed after oral administration, and also in light of the fact that gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of colitis, we further investigated the effect of carrageenan on gut microbiota using high-throughput sequencing. 28778519 7 50 theme Akkermansia 1193:1203 arg1 bacterium 1182:1190 a potent anti-inflammatory bacterium 1155:1190 a potent anti-inflammatory bacterium 1155:1190 Specifically, all carrageenans significantly decreased the abundance of a potent anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut, which is highly relevant for understanding the toxic effect of carrageenan. 28778519 7 50 theme Akkermansia 1193:1203 arg1 muciniphila 1205:1215 Akkermansia muciniphila 1193:1215 Akkermansia muciniphila 1193:1215 Specifically, all carrageenans significantly decreased the abundance of a potent anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut, which is highly relevant for understanding the toxic effect of carrageenan. 28778519 0 51 theme anti-inflammatory 71:87 arg1 bacterium 89:97 anti-inflammatory bacterium 71:97 anti-inflammatory bacterium 71:97 Carrageenan-induced colitis is associated with decreased population of anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 0 51 theme anti-inflammatory 71:87 arg1 muciniphila 112:122 Akkermansia muciniphila 100:122 Akkermansia muciniphila 100:122 Carrageenan-induced colitis is associated with decreased population of anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, in the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice. 28778519 5 52 theme high-throughput 923:937 arg1 sequencing 939:948 high-throughput sequencing 923:948 high-throughput sequencing 923:948 Given that carrageenan is unabsorbed after oral administration, and also in light of the fact that gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of colitis, we further investigated the effect of carrageenan on gut microbiota using high-throughput sequencing. 28778519 4 53 theme carrageenan 613:623 arg1 isomers 602:608 all isomers 598:608 all isomers of carrageenan 598:623 Interestingly, all isomers of carrageenan were found to induce colitis with a comparable activity. 29143827 2 0 theme gastric 473:479 arg1 juices 496:501 simulated gastric and intestinal juices 463:501 simulated gastric and intestinal juices 463:501 The results indicated that human saliva and simulated gastric and intestinal juices had no effect on TFPS, while TFPS could be utilized by human fecal microbiota, which was proved from the decreased molecular weight and lower content of total or reducing sugars after fermentation under anaerobic conditions. 29143827 0 1 theme gut 174:176 arg1 microbiota 178:187 human gut microbiota 168:187 human gut microbiota 168:187 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis induced by human gut microbiota. 29143827 2 2 theme sugars 674:679 arg1 weight 628:633 the decreased molecular weight 604:633 the decreased molecular weight 604:633 The results indicated that human saliva and simulated gastric and intestinal juices had no effect on TFPS, while TFPS could be utilized by human fecal microbiota, which was proved from the decreased molecular weight and lower content of total or reducing sugars after fermentation under anaerobic conditions. 29143827 2 2 theme sugars 674:679 arg1 content 645:651 lower content 639:651 lower content of total or reducing sugars 639:679 The results indicated that human saliva and simulated gastric and intestinal juices had no effect on TFPS, while TFPS could be utilized by human fecal microbiota, which was proved from the decreased molecular weight and lower content of total or reducing sugars after fermentation under anaerobic conditions. 29143827 2 3 theme simulated 463:471 arg1 juices 496:501 simulated gastric and intestinal juices 463:501 simulated gastric and intestinal juices 463:501 The results indicated that human saliva and simulated gastric and intestinal juices had no effect on TFPS, while TFPS could be utilized by human fecal microbiota, which was proved from the decreased molecular weight and lower content of total or reducing sugars after fermentation under anaerobic conditions. 29143827 0 4 theme human 168:172 arg1 microbiota 178:187 human gut microbiota 168:187 human gut microbiota 168:187 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis induced by human gut microbiota. 29143827 2 5 theme molecular 618:626 arg1 weight 628:633 the decreased molecular weight 604:633 the decreased molecular weight 604:633 The results indicated that human saliva and simulated gastric and intestinal juices had no effect on TFPS, while TFPS could be utilized by human fecal microbiota, which was proved from the decreased molecular weight and lower content of total or reducing sugars after fermentation under anaerobic conditions. 29143827 3 6 theme acids 827:831 arg1 production 795:804 the production 791:804 the production of short-chain fatty acids 791:831 It was found that pH in the fermentation system decreased, and the production of short-chain fatty acids was significantly enhanced. 29143827 1 7 theme simulated 236:244 arg1 conditions 275:284 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 236:284 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 236:284 In the present study, digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis (TFPS) by human gut microbiota were investigated. 29143827 0 8 from Digestion 0:8 arg1 flowers 128:134 the flowers 124:134 the flowers of Camellia sinensis 124:155 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis induced by human gut microbiota. 29143827 2 9 theme human 558:562 arg1 microbiota 570:579 human fecal microbiota 558:579 human fecal microbiota 558:579 The results indicated that human saliva and simulated gastric and intestinal juices had no effect on TFPS, while TFPS could be utilized by human fecal microbiota, which was proved from the decreased molecular weight and lower content of total or reducing sugars after fermentation under anaerobic conditions. 29143827 2 10 theme decreased 608:616 arg1 weight 628:633 the decreased molecular weight 604:633 the decreased molecular weight 604:633 The results indicated that human saliva and simulated gastric and intestinal juices had no effect on TFPS, while TFPS could be utilized by human fecal microbiota, which was proved from the decreased molecular weight and lower content of total or reducing sugars after fermentation under anaerobic conditions. 29143827 1 11 theme gastric 246:252 arg1 conditions 275:284 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 236:284 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 236:284 In the present study, digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis (TFPS) by human gut microbiota were investigated. 29143827 5 12 contain has 1078:1080 arg1 TFPS 1073:1076 TFPS 1073:1076 TFPS 1073:1076 The present results suggest that TFPS has the potential to be developed as functional foods to modify gut microbiota. 29143827 5 12 contain has 1078:1080 arg2 potential 1086:1094 the potential to be developed as functional foods to modify gut microbiota 1082:1155 the potential to be developed as functional foods to modify gut microbiota 1082:1155 The present results suggest that TFPS has the potential to be developed as functional foods to modify gut microbiota. 29143827 3 13 from pH 746:747 arg1 system 769:774 the fermentation system 752:774 the fermentation system 752:774 It was found that pH in the fermentation system decreased, and the production of short-chain fatty acids was significantly enhanced. 29143827 0 14 theme polysaccharides 103:117 arg1 Digestion 0:8 Digestion 0:8 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis 0:155 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis induced by human gut microbiota. 29143827 1 15 theme sinensis 360:367 arg1 flowers 340:346 the flowers 336:346 the flowers of Camellia sinensis (TFPS) 336:374 In the present study, digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis (TFPS) by human gut microbiota were investigated. 29143827 4 16 theme Bacteroidetes 986:998 arg1 ratio 977:981 the ratio 973:981 the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes 973:1012 Furthermore, in vitro fermentation of TFPS altered the composition of gut microbiota, specifically in elevating the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes and enriching Prevotella. 29143827 5 17 theme gut 1142:1144 arg1 microbiota 1146:1155 gut microbiota 1142:1155 gut microbiota 1142:1155 The present results suggest that TFPS has the potential to be developed as functional foods to modify gut microbiota. 29143827 2 18 theme lower 639:643 arg1 content 645:651 lower content 639:651 lower content of total or reducing sugars 639:679 The results indicated that human saliva and simulated gastric and intestinal juices had no effect on TFPS, while TFPS could be utilized by human fecal microbiota, which was proved from the decreased molecular weight and lower content of total or reducing sugars after fermentation under anaerobic conditions. 29143827 2 19 theme anaerobic 706:714 arg1 conditions 716:725 anaerobic conditions 706:725 anaerobic conditions 706:725 The results indicated that human saliva and simulated gastric and intestinal juices had no effect on TFPS, while TFPS could be utilized by human fecal microbiota, which was proved from the decreased molecular weight and lower content of total or reducing sugars after fermentation under anaerobic conditions. 29143827 2 20 theme fecal 564:568 arg1 microbiota 570:579 human fecal microbiota 558:579 human fecal microbiota 558:579 The results indicated that human saliva and simulated gastric and intestinal juices had no effect on TFPS, while TFPS could be utilized by human fecal microbiota, which was proved from the decreased molecular weight and lower content of total or reducing sugars after fermentation under anaerobic conditions. 29143827 1 21 theme intestinal 264:273 arg1 conditions 275:284 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 236:284 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 236:284 In the present study, digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis (TFPS) by human gut microbiota were investigated. 29143827 4 22 theme microbiota 935:944 arg1 composition 916:926 the composition 912:926 the composition of gut microbiota 912:944 Furthermore, in vitro fermentation of TFPS altered the composition of gut microbiota, specifically in elevating the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes and enriching Prevotella. 29143827 0 23 theme gastric 34:40 arg1 conditions 63:72 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 24:72 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 24:72 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis induced by human gut microbiota. 29143827 4 24 theme TFPS 899:902 arg1 fermentation 883:894 in vitro fermentation 874:894 in vitro fermentation of TFPS 874:902 Furthermore, in vitro fermentation of TFPS altered the composition of gut microbiota, specifically in elevating the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes and enriching Prevotella. 29143827 5 25 theme present 1044:1050 arg1 results 1052:1058 The present results 1040:1058 The present results 1040:1058 The present results suggest that TFPS has the potential to be developed as functional foods to modify gut microbiota. 29143827 1 26 theme present 197:203 arg1 study 205:209 the present study 193:209 the present study 193:209 In the present study, digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis (TFPS) by human gut microbiota were investigated. 29143827 1 27 from flowers 340:346 arg1 polysaccharides 315:329 polysaccharides 315:329 polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis (TFPS) 315:374 In the present study, digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis (TFPS) by human gut microbiota were investigated. 29143827 1 27 from flowers 340:346 arg1 digestion 212:220 digestion 212:220 digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis (TFPS) by human gut microbiota 212:398 In the present study, digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis (TFPS) by human gut microbiota were investigated. 29143827 0 28 theme simulated 24:32 arg1 conditions 63:72 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 24:72 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 24:72 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis induced by human gut microbiota. 29143827 4 29 dep in 874:875 arg1 vitro 877:881 vitro 877:881 vitro 877:881 Furthermore, in vitro fermentation of TFPS altered the composition of gut microbiota, specifically in elevating the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes and enriching Prevotella. 29143827 2 30 theme reducing 665:672 arg1 sugars 674:679 reducing sugars 665:679 reducing sugars 665:679 The results indicated that human saliva and simulated gastric and intestinal juices had no effect on TFPS, while TFPS could be utilized by human fecal microbiota, which was proved from the decreased molecular weight and lower content of total or reducing sugars after fermentation under anaerobic conditions. 29143827 2 31 theme human 446:450 arg1 saliva 452:457 human saliva 446:457 human saliva 446:457 The results indicated that human saliva and simulated gastric and intestinal juices had no effect on TFPS, while TFPS could be utilized by human fecal microbiota, which was proved from the decreased molecular weight and lower content of total or reducing sugars after fermentation under anaerobic conditions. 29143827 5 32 theme functional 1115:1124 arg1 foods 1126:1130 functional foods 1115:1130 functional foods 1115:1130 The present results suggest that TFPS has the potential to be developed as functional foods to modify gut microbiota. 29143827 0 33 theme sinensis 148:155 arg1 flowers 128:134 the flowers 124:134 the flowers of Camellia sinensis 124:155 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis induced by human gut microbiota. 29143827 1 34 theme human 379:383 arg1 microbiota 389:398 human gut microbiota 379:398 human gut microbiota 379:398 In the present study, digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis (TFPS) by human gut microbiota were investigated. 29143827 1 35 theme gut 385:387 arg1 microbiota 389:398 human gut microbiota 379:398 human gut microbiota 379:398 In the present study, digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis (TFPS) by human gut microbiota were investigated. 29143827 4 36 theme gut 931:933 arg1 microbiota 935:944 gut microbiota 931:944 gut microbiota 931:944 Furthermore, in vitro fermentation of TFPS altered the composition of gut microbiota, specifically in elevating the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes and enriching Prevotella. 29143827 2 37 theme total 656:660 arg1 weight 628:633 the decreased molecular weight 604:633 the decreased molecular weight 604:633 The results indicated that human saliva and simulated gastric and intestinal juices had no effect on TFPS, while TFPS could be utilized by human fecal microbiota, which was proved from the decreased molecular weight and lower content of total or reducing sugars after fermentation under anaerobic conditions. 29143827 2 37 theme total 656:660 arg1 content 645:651 lower content 639:651 lower content of total or reducing sugars 639:679 The results indicated that human saliva and simulated gastric and intestinal juices had no effect on TFPS, while TFPS could be utilized by human fecal microbiota, which was proved from the decreased molecular weight and lower content of total or reducing sugars after fermentation under anaerobic conditions. 29143827 3 38 theme short-chain 809:819 arg1 acids 827:831 short-chain fatty acids 809:831 short-chain fatty acids 809:831 It was found that pH in the fermentation system decreased, and the production of short-chain fatty acids was significantly enhanced. 29143827 4 39 theme in 874:875 arg1 fermentation 883:894 in vitro fermentation 874:894 in vitro fermentation of TFPS 874:902 Furthermore, in vitro fermentation of TFPS altered the composition of gut microbiota, specifically in elevating the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes and enriching Prevotella. 29143827 3 40 theme fatty 821:825 arg1 acids 827:831 short-chain fatty acids 809:831 short-chain fatty acids 809:831 It was found that pH in the fermentation system decreased, and the production of short-chain fatty acids was significantly enhanced. 29143827 3 41 theme fermentation 756:767 arg1 system 769:774 the fermentation system 752:774 the fermentation system 752:774 It was found that pH in the fermentation system decreased, and the production of short-chain fatty acids was significantly enhanced. 29143827 1 42 from digestion 212:220 arg1 flowers 340:346 the flowers 336:346 the flowers of Camellia sinensis (TFPS) 336:374 In the present study, digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis (TFPS) by human gut microbiota were investigated. 29143827 0 43 from flowers 128:134 arg1 Digestion 0:8 Digestion 0:8 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis 0:155 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis induced by human gut microbiota. 29143827 0 43 from flowers 128:134 arg1 polysaccharides 103:117 polysaccharides 103:117 polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis 103:155 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis induced by human gut microbiota. 29143827 2 44 theme intestinal 485:494 arg1 juices 496:501 simulated gastric and intestinal juices 463:501 simulated gastric and intestinal juices 463:501 The results indicated that human saliva and simulated gastric and intestinal juices had no effect on TFPS, while TFPS could be utilized by human fecal microbiota, which was proved from the decreased molecular weight and lower content of total or reducing sugars after fermentation under anaerobic conditions. 29143827 2 45 contain had 503:505 arg2 effect 510:515 no effect 507:515 no effect 507:515 The results indicated that human saliva and simulated gastric and intestinal juices had no effect on TFPS, while TFPS could be utilized by human fecal microbiota, which was proved from the decreased molecular weight and lower content of total or reducing sugars after fermentation under anaerobic conditions. 29143827 2 45 contain had 503:505 arg1 saliva 452:457 human saliva 446:457 human saliva 446:457 The results indicated that human saliva and simulated gastric and intestinal juices had no effect on TFPS, while TFPS could be utilized by human fecal microbiota, which was proved from the decreased molecular weight and lower content of total or reducing sugars after fermentation under anaerobic conditions. 29143827 2 45 contain had 503:505 arg1 juices 496:501 simulated gastric and intestinal juices 463:501 simulated gastric and intestinal juices 463:501 The results indicated that human saliva and simulated gastric and intestinal juices had no effect on TFPS, while TFPS could be utilized by human fecal microbiota, which was proved from the decreased molecular weight and lower content of total or reducing sugars after fermentation under anaerobic conditions. 29143827 0 46 theme intestinal 52:61 arg1 conditions 63:72 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 24:72 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 24:72 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis induced by human gut microbiota. 29143827 1 47 theme polysaccharides 315:329 arg1 digestion 212:220 digestion 212:220 digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis (TFPS) by human gut microbiota 212:398 In the present study, digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis (TFPS) by human gut microbiota were investigated. 29143827 2 48 used utilized 546:553 arg2 TFPS 532:535 TFPS 532:535 TFPS 532:535 The results indicated that human saliva and simulated gastric and intestinal juices had no effect on TFPS, while TFPS could be utilized by human fecal microbiota, which was proved from the decreased molecular weight and lower content of total or reducing sugars after fermentation under anaerobic conditions. 24894795 1 0 theme various 161:167 arg1 processes 178:186 various cellular processes 161:186 various cellular processes in plants 161:196 Arabidopsis thaliana is a model organism commonly used to understand and manipulate various cellular processes in plants, and it has been used extensively in the study of secondary cell wall formation. 24894795 5 1 theme cellular 902:909 arg1 basis 911:915 a cellular basis 900:915 a cellular basis 900:915 Staining procedures have historically been used to show differences on a cellular basis. 24894795 6 2 theme great 1035:1039 arg1 importance 1041:1050 great importance 1035:1050 great importance 1035:1050 These methods are exclusively visual means of analysis; nevertheless their role in rapid and critical analysis is of great importance. 24894795 1 3 theme cellular 169:176 arg1 processes 178:186 various cellular processes 161:186 various cellular processes in plants 161:196 Arabidopsis thaliana is a model organism commonly used to understand and manipulate various cellular processes in plants, and it has been used extensively in the study of secondary cell wall formation. 24894795 5 4 used used 872:875 arg2 procedures 838:847 Staining procedures 829:847 Staining procedures 829:847 Staining procedures have historically been used to show differences on a cellular basis. 24894795 7 5 used used 1173:1176 arg2 phloroglucinol 1145:1158 phloroglucinol 1145:1158 phloroglucinol 1145:1158 Congo red and calcofluor white are stains used to detect polysaccharides, whereas Mäule and phloroglucinol are commonly used to determine differences in lignin, and toluidine blue O is used to differentially stain polysaccharides and lignin. 24894795 7 5 used used 1173:1176 arg2 Mäule 1135:1139 Mäule 1135:1139 Mäule 1135:1139 Congo red and calcofluor white are stains used to detect polysaccharides, whereas Mäule and phloroglucinol are commonly used to determine differences in lignin, and toluidine blue O is used to differentially stain polysaccharides and lignin. 24894795 2 6 theme Secondary 279:287 arg1 deposition 299:308 Secondary cell wall deposition 279:308 Secondary cell wall deposition 279:308 Secondary cell wall deposition occurs after the primary cell wall is laid down, a process carried out exclusively by specialized cells such as those forming vessel and fiber tissues. 24894795 0 7 dep elements 67:74 arg1 staining 14:21 Histochemical staining 0:21 Histochemical staining of Arabidopsis thaliana 0:45 Histochemical staining of Arabidopsis thaliana secondary cell wall elements. 24894795 1 8 theme secondary 248:256 arg1 formation 268:276 secondary cell wall formation 248:276 secondary cell wall formation 248:276 Arabidopsis thaliana is a model organism commonly used to understand and manipulate various cellular processes in plants, and it has been used extensively in the study of secondary cell wall formation. 24894795 8 9 theme simple 1309:1314 arg1 techniques 1316:1325 The seemingly simple techniques 1295:1325 The seemingly simple techniques of sectioning, staining, and imaging 1295:1362 The seemingly simple techniques of sectioning, staining, and imaging can be a challenge for beginners. 24894795 8 9 theme simple 1309:1314 arg1 challenge 1373:1381 a challenge 1371:1381 a challenge for beginners 1371:1395 The seemingly simple techniques of sectioning, staining, and imaging can be a challenge for beginners. 24894795 9 10 theme A. 1441:1442 arg1 model 1453:1457 the A. thaliana model 1437:1457 the A. thaliana model 1437:1457 Starting with sample preparation using the A. thaliana model, this study details the protocols of a variety of staining methodologies that can be easily implemented for observation of cell and tissue organization in secondary cell walls of plants. 24894795 4 11 theme compensatory 805:816 arg1 responses 818:826 compensatory responses 805:826 compensatory responses 805:826 Several mutations affecting secondary cell wall biosynthesis have been isolated, and the corresponding mutants may or may not exhibit obvious biochemical composition changes or visual phenotypes since these mutations could be masked by compensatory responses. 24894795 7 12 from differences 1191:1201 arg1 lignin 1206:1211 lignin 1206:1211 lignin 1206:1211 Congo red and calcofluor white are stains used to detect polysaccharides, whereas Mäule and phloroglucinol are commonly used to determine differences in lignin, and toluidine blue O is used to differentially stain polysaccharides and lignin. 24894795 2 13 dep wall 340:343 arg1 process 361:367 a process 359:367 a process carried out exclusively by specialized cells such as those forming vessel and fiber tissues 359:459 Secondary cell wall deposition occurs after the primary cell wall is laid down, a process carried out exclusively by specialized cells such as those forming vessel and fiber tissues. 24894795 2 13 dep wall 340:343 arg1 down 353:356 laid down 348:356 laid down 348:356 Secondary cell wall deposition occurs after the primary cell wall is laid down, a process carried out exclusively by specialized cells such as those forming vessel and fiber tissues. 24894795 1 14 theme cell 258:261 arg1 formation 268:276 secondary cell wall formation 248:276 secondary cell wall formation 248:276 Arabidopsis thaliana is a model organism commonly used to understand and manipulate various cellular processes in plants, and it has been used extensively in the study of secondary cell wall formation. 24894795 3 15 theme Most 462:465 arg1 walls 482:486 Most secondary cell walls 462:486 Most secondary cell walls 462:486 Most secondary cell walls are composed of cellulose (40-50%), hemicellulose (25-30%), and lignin (20-30%). 24894795 9 16 theme tissue 1591:1596 arg1 organization 1598:1609 tissue organization 1591:1609 tissue organization 1591:1609 Starting with sample preparation using the A. thaliana model, this study details the protocols of a variety of staining methodologies that can be easily implemented for observation of cell and tissue organization in secondary cell walls of plants. 24894795 1 17 theme Arabidopsis 77:87 arg1 thaliana 89:96 Arabidopsis thaliana 77:96 Arabidopsis thaliana 77:96 Arabidopsis thaliana is a model organism commonly used to understand and manipulate various cellular processes in plants, and it has been used extensively in the study of secondary cell wall formation. 24894795 1 17 theme Arabidopsis 77:87 arg1 organism 109:116 a model organism 101:116 a model organism commonly used to understand and manipulate various cellular processes in plants 101:196 Arabidopsis thaliana is a model organism commonly used to understand and manipulate various cellular processes in plants, and it has been used extensively in the study of secondary cell wall formation. 24894795 0 18 theme secondary 47:55 arg1 elements 67:74 secondary cell wall elements 47:74 secondary cell wall elements 47:74 Histochemical staining of Arabidopsis thaliana secondary cell wall elements. 24894795 9 19 theme organization 1598:1609 arg1 observation 1567:1577 observation 1567:1577 observation of cell and tissue organization in secondary cell walls of plants 1567:1643 Starting with sample preparation using the A. thaliana model, this study details the protocols of a variety of staining methodologies that can be easily implemented for observation of cell and tissue organization in secondary cell walls of plants. 24894795 4 20 theme Several 569:575 arg1 mutations 577:585 Several mutations 569:585 Several mutations affecting secondary cell wall biosynthesis 569:628 Several mutations affecting secondary cell wall biosynthesis have been isolated, and the corresponding mutants may or may not exhibit obvious biochemical composition changes or visual phenotypes since these mutations could be masked by compensatory responses. 24894795 4 21 theme corresponding 658:670 arg1 mutants 672:678 the corresponding mutants 654:678 the corresponding mutants 654:678 Several mutations affecting secondary cell wall biosynthesis have been isolated, and the corresponding mutants may or may not exhibit obvious biochemical composition changes or visual phenotypes since these mutations could be masked by compensatory responses. 24894795 4 22 theme secondary 597:605 arg1 biosynthesis 617:628 secondary cell wall biosynthesis 597:628 secondary cell wall biosynthesis 597:628 Several mutations affecting secondary cell wall biosynthesis have been isolated, and the corresponding mutants may or may not exhibit obvious biochemical composition changes or visual phenotypes since these mutations could be masked by compensatory responses. 24894795 0 23 theme Histochemical 0:12 arg1 staining 14:21 Histochemical staining 0:21 Histochemical staining of Arabidopsis thaliana 0:45 Histochemical staining of Arabidopsis thaliana secondary cell wall elements. 24894795 1 24 theme wall 263:266 arg1 formation 268:276 secondary cell wall formation 248:276 secondary cell wall formation 248:276 Arabidopsis thaliana is a model organism commonly used to understand and manipulate various cellular processes in plants, and it has been used extensively in the study of secondary cell wall formation. 24894795 7 25 used used 1238:1241 arg2 O 1233:1233 toluidine blue O 1218:1233 toluidine blue O 1218:1233 Congo red and calcofluor white are stains used to detect polysaccharides, whereas Mäule and phloroglucinol are commonly used to determine differences in lignin, and toluidine blue O is used to differentially stain polysaccharides and lignin. 24894795 5 26 theme Staining 829:836 arg1 procedures 838:847 Staining procedures 829:847 Staining procedures 829:847 Staining procedures have historically been used to show differences on a cellular basis. 24894795 6 27 theme visual 948:953 arg1 methods 924:930 These methods 918:930 These methods 918:930 These methods are exclusively visual means of analysis; nevertheless their role in rapid and critical analysis is of great importance. 24894795 6 27 theme visual 948:953 arg1 means 955:959 exclusively visual means 936:959 exclusively visual means of analysis 936:971 These methods are exclusively visual means of analysis; nevertheless their role in rapid and critical analysis is of great importance. 24894795 6 28 theme rapid 1001:1005 arg1 analysis 1020:1027 rapid and critical analysis 1001:1027 rapid and critical analysis 1001:1027 These methods are exclusively visual means of analysis; nevertheless their role in rapid and critical analysis is of great importance. 24894795 0 29 theme Arabidopsis 26:36 arg1 thaliana 38:45 Arabidopsis thaliana 26:45 Arabidopsis thaliana 26:45 Histochemical staining of Arabidopsis thaliana secondary cell wall elements. 24894795 1 30 theme formation 268:276 arg1 study 239:243 the study 235:243 the study of secondary cell wall formation 235:276 Arabidopsis thaliana is a model organism commonly used to understand and manipulate various cellular processes in plants, and it has been used extensively in the study of secondary cell wall formation. 24894795 9 31 theme cell 1624:1627 arg1 walls 1629:1633 secondary cell walls 1614:1633 secondary cell walls of plants 1614:1643 Starting with sample preparation using the A. thaliana model, this study details the protocols of a variety of staining methodologies that can be easily implemented for observation of cell and tissue organization in secondary cell walls of plants. 24894795 6 32 from role 993:996 arg1 analysis 1020:1027 rapid and critical analysis 1001:1027 rapid and critical analysis 1001:1027 These methods are exclusively visual means of analysis; nevertheless their role in rapid and critical analysis is of great importance. 24894795 2 33 theme wall 294:297 arg1 deposition 299:308 Secondary cell wall deposition 279:308 Secondary cell wall deposition 279:308 Secondary cell wall deposition occurs after the primary cell wall is laid down, a process carried out exclusively by specialized cells such as those forming vessel and fiber tissues. 24894795 9 34 theme staining 1509:1516 arg1 methodologies 1518:1530 staining methodologies 1509:1530 staining methodologies that can be easily implemented for observation of cell and tissue organization in secondary cell walls of plants 1509:1643 Starting with sample preparation using the A. thaliana model, this study details the protocols of a variety of staining methodologies that can be easily implemented for observation of cell and tissue organization in secondary cell walls of plants. 24894795 2 35 theme specialized 396:406 arg1 cells 408:412 specialized cells 396:412 specialized cells such as those forming vessel and fiber tissues 396:459 Secondary cell wall deposition occurs after the primary cell wall is laid down, a process carried out exclusively by specialized cells such as those forming vessel and fiber tissues. 24894795 2 35 theme specialized 396:406 arg1 those 422:426 those 422:426 those 422:426 Secondary cell wall deposition occurs after the primary cell wall is laid down, a process carried out exclusively by specialized cells such as those forming vessel and fiber tissues. 24894795 2 36 theme cell 289:292 arg1 deposition 299:308 Secondary cell wall deposition 279:308 Secondary cell wall deposition 279:308 Secondary cell wall deposition occurs after the primary cell wall is laid down, a process carried out exclusively by specialized cells such as those forming vessel and fiber tissues. 24894795 2 37 theme fiber 447:451 arg1 tissues 453:459 fiber tissues 447:459 fiber tissues 447:459 Secondary cell wall deposition occurs after the primary cell wall is laid down, a process carried out exclusively by specialized cells such as those forming vessel and fiber tissues. 24894795 3 38 theme secondary 467:475 arg1 walls 482:486 Most secondary cell walls 462:486 Most secondary cell walls 462:486 Most secondary cell walls are composed of cellulose (40-50%), hemicellulose (25-30%), and lignin (20-30%). 24894795 9 39 theme variety 1498:1504 arg1 protocols 1483:1491 the protocols 1479:1491 the protocols of a variety of staining methodologies that can be easily implemented for observation of cell and tissue organization in secondary cell walls of plants 1479:1643 Starting with sample preparation using the A. thaliana model, this study details the protocols of a variety of staining methodologies that can be easily implemented for observation of cell and tissue organization in secondary cell walls of plants. 24894795 9 40 theme secondary 1614:1622 arg1 walls 1629:1633 secondary cell walls 1614:1633 secondary cell walls of plants 1614:1643 Starting with sample preparation using the A. thaliana model, this study details the protocols of a variety of staining methodologies that can be easily implemented for observation of cell and tissue organization in secondary cell walls of plants. 24894795 4 41 theme visual 746:751 arg1 phenotypes 753:762 visual phenotypes 746:762 visual phenotypes 746:762 Several mutations affecting secondary cell wall biosynthesis have been isolated, and the corresponding mutants may or may not exhibit obvious biochemical composition changes or visual phenotypes since these mutations could be masked by compensatory responses. 24894795 7 42 theme blue 1228:1231 arg1 O 1233:1233 toluidine blue O 1218:1233 toluidine blue O 1218:1233 Congo red and calcofluor white are stains used to detect polysaccharides, whereas Mäule and phloroglucinol are commonly used to determine differences in lignin, and toluidine blue O is used to differentially stain polysaccharides and lignin. 24894795 0 43 theme thaliana 38:45 arg1 staining 14:21 Histochemical staining 0:21 Histochemical staining of Arabidopsis thaliana 0:45 Histochemical staining of Arabidopsis thaliana secondary cell wall elements. 24894795 9 44 theme plants 1638:1643 arg1 walls 1629:1633 secondary cell walls 1614:1633 secondary cell walls of plants 1614:1643 Starting with sample preparation using the A. thaliana model, this study details the protocols of a variety of staining methodologies that can be easily implemented for observation of cell and tissue organization in secondary cell walls of plants. 24894795 8 45 theme sectioning 1330:1339 arg1 techniques 1316:1325 The seemingly simple techniques 1295:1325 The seemingly simple techniques of sectioning, staining, and imaging 1295:1362 The seemingly simple techniques of sectioning, staining, and imaging can be a challenge for beginners. 24894795 8 45 theme sectioning 1330:1339 arg1 challenge 1373:1381 a challenge 1371:1381 a challenge for beginners 1371:1395 The seemingly simple techniques of sectioning, staining, and imaging can be a challenge for beginners. 24894795 9 46 theme sample 1412:1417 arg1 preparation 1419:1429 sample preparation 1412:1429 sample preparation using the A. thaliana model 1412:1457 Starting with sample preparation using the A. thaliana model, this study details the protocols of a variety of staining methodologies that can be easily implemented for observation of cell and tissue organization in secondary cell walls of plants. 24894795 0 47 theme wall 62:65 arg1 elements 67:74 secondary cell wall elements 47:74 secondary cell wall elements 47:74 Histochemical staining of Arabidopsis thaliana secondary cell wall elements. 24894795 3 48 theme cell 477:480 arg1 walls 482:486 Most secondary cell walls 462:486 Most secondary cell walls 462:486 Most secondary cell walls are composed of cellulose (40-50%), hemicellulose (25-30%), and lignin (20-30%). 24894795 2 49 theme cell 335:338 arg1 wall 340:343 the primary cell wall 323:343 the primary cell wall is laid down, a process carried out exclusively by specialized cells such as those forming vessel and fiber tissues 323:459 Secondary cell wall deposition occurs after the primary cell wall is laid down, a process carried out exclusively by specialized cells such as those forming vessel and fiber tissues. 24894795 0 50 theme cell 57:60 arg1 elements 67:74 secondary cell wall elements 47:74 secondary cell wall elements 47:74 Histochemical staining of Arabidopsis thaliana secondary cell wall elements. 24894795 9 51 from observation 1567:1577 arg1 walls 1629:1633 secondary cell walls 1614:1633 secondary cell walls of plants 1614:1643 Starting with sample preparation using the A. thaliana model, this study details the protocols of a variety of staining methodologies that can be easily implemented for observation of cell and tissue organization in secondary cell walls of plants. 24894795 8 52 theme staining 1342:1349 arg1 techniques 1316:1325 The seemingly simple techniques 1295:1325 The seemingly simple techniques of sectioning, staining, and imaging 1295:1362 The seemingly simple techniques of sectioning, staining, and imaging can be a challenge for beginners. 24894795 8 52 theme staining 1342:1349 arg1 challenge 1373:1381 a challenge 1371:1381 a challenge for beginners 1371:1395 The seemingly simple techniques of sectioning, staining, and imaging can be a challenge for beginners. 24894795 9 53 dep A. 1441:1442 arg1 thaliana 1444:1451 thaliana 1444:1451 thaliana 1444:1451 Starting with sample preparation using the A. thaliana model, this study details the protocols of a variety of staining methodologies that can be easily implemented for observation of cell and tissue organization in secondary cell walls of plants. 24894795 2 54 theme primary 327:333 arg1 wall 340:343 the primary cell wall 323:343 the primary cell wall is laid down, a process carried out exclusively by specialized cells such as those forming vessel and fiber tissues 323:459 Secondary cell wall deposition occurs after the primary cell wall is laid down, a process carried out exclusively by specialized cells such as those forming vessel and fiber tissues. 24894795 8 55 theme imaging 1356:1362 arg1 techniques 1316:1325 The seemingly simple techniques 1295:1325 The seemingly simple techniques of sectioning, staining, and imaging 1295:1362 The seemingly simple techniques of sectioning, staining, and imaging can be a challenge for beginners. 24894795 8 55 theme imaging 1356:1362 arg1 challenge 1373:1381 a challenge 1371:1381 a challenge for beginners 1371:1395 The seemingly simple techniques of sectioning, staining, and imaging can be a challenge for beginners. 24894795 4 56 theme biochemical 711:721 arg1 changes 735:741 obvious biochemical composition changes 703:741 obvious biochemical composition changes 703:741 Several mutations affecting secondary cell wall biosynthesis have been isolated, and the corresponding mutants may or may not exhibit obvious biochemical composition changes or visual phenotypes since these mutations could be masked by compensatory responses. 24894795 9 57 theme methodologies 1518:1530 arg1 variety 1498:1504 a variety 1496:1504 a variety of staining methodologies that can be easily implemented for observation of cell and tissue organization in secondary cell walls of plants 1496:1643 Starting with sample preparation using the A. thaliana model, this study details the protocols of a variety of staining methodologies that can be easily implemented for observation of cell and tissue organization in secondary cell walls of plants. 24894795 9 57 theme methodologies 1518:1530 arg1 methodologies 1518:1530 staining methodologies 1509:1530 staining methodologies that can be easily implemented for observation of cell and tissue organization in secondary cell walls of plants 1509:1643 Starting with sample preparation using the A. thaliana model, this study details the protocols of a variety of staining methodologies that can be easily implemented for observation of cell and tissue organization in secondary cell walls of plants. 24894795 1 58 theme model 103:107 arg1 thaliana 89:96 Arabidopsis thaliana 77:96 Arabidopsis thaliana 77:96 Arabidopsis thaliana is a model organism commonly used to understand and manipulate various cellular processes in plants, and it has been used extensively in the study of secondary cell wall formation. 24894795 1 58 theme model 103:107 arg1 organism 109:116 a model organism 101:116 a model organism commonly used to understand and manipulate various cellular processes in plants 101:196 Arabidopsis thaliana is a model organism commonly used to understand and manipulate various cellular processes in plants, and it has been used extensively in the study of secondary cell wall formation. 24894795 4 59 theme obvious 703:709 arg1 changes 735:741 obvious biochemical composition changes 703:741 obvious biochemical composition changes 703:741 Several mutations affecting secondary cell wall biosynthesis have been isolated, and the corresponding mutants may or may not exhibit obvious biochemical composition changes or visual phenotypes since these mutations could be masked by compensatory responses. 24894795 4 60 theme cell 607:610 arg1 biosynthesis 617:628 secondary cell wall biosynthesis 597:628 secondary cell wall biosynthesis 597:628 Several mutations affecting secondary cell wall biosynthesis have been isolated, and the corresponding mutants may or may not exhibit obvious biochemical composition changes or visual phenotypes since these mutations could be masked by compensatory responses. 24894795 6 61 theme analysis 964:971 arg1 methods 924:930 These methods 918:930 These methods 918:930 These methods are exclusively visual means of analysis; nevertheless their role in rapid and critical analysis is of great importance. 24894795 6 61 theme analysis 964:971 arg1 means 955:959 exclusively visual means 936:959 exclusively visual means of analysis 936:971 These methods are exclusively visual means of analysis; nevertheless their role in rapid and critical analysis is of great importance. 24894795 9 62 theme cell 1582:1585 arg1 observation 1567:1577 observation 1567:1577 observation of cell and tissue organization in secondary cell walls of plants 1567:1643 Starting with sample preparation using the A. thaliana model, this study details the protocols of a variety of staining methodologies that can be easily implemented for observation of cell and tissue organization in secondary cell walls of plants. 24894795 1 63 used used 215:218 arg2 it 203:204 it 203:204 it 203:204 Arabidopsis thaliana is a model organism commonly used to understand and manipulate various cellular processes in plants, and it has been used extensively in the study of secondary cell wall formation. 24894795 2 64 dep carried 369:375 arg1 process 361:367 a process 359:367 a process carried out exclusively by specialized cells such as those forming vessel and fiber tissues 359:459 Secondary cell wall deposition occurs after the primary cell wall is laid down, a process carried out exclusively by specialized cells such as those forming vessel and fiber tissues. 24894795 2 64 dep carried 369:375 arg1 out 377:379 out 377:379 out 377:379 Secondary cell wall deposition occurs after the primary cell wall is laid down, a process carried out exclusively by specialized cells such as those forming vessel and fiber tissues. 24894795 4 65 theme wall 612:615 arg1 biosynthesis 617:628 secondary cell wall biosynthesis 597:628 secondary cell wall biosynthesis 597:628 Several mutations affecting secondary cell wall biosynthesis have been isolated, and the corresponding mutants may or may not exhibit obvious biochemical composition changes or visual phenotypes since these mutations could be masked by compensatory responses. 24894795 6 66 theme critical 1011:1018 arg1 analysis 1020:1027 rapid and critical analysis 1001:1027 rapid and critical analysis 1001:1027 These methods are exclusively visual means of analysis; nevertheless their role in rapid and critical analysis is of great importance. 24894795 4 67 theme composition 723:733 arg1 changes 735:741 obvious biochemical composition changes 703:741 obvious biochemical composition changes 703:741 Several mutations affecting secondary cell wall biosynthesis have been isolated, and the corresponding mutants may or may not exhibit obvious biochemical composition changes or visual phenotypes since these mutations could be masked by compensatory responses. 24894795 1 68 from processes 178:186 arg1 plants 191:196 plants 191:196 plants 191:196 Arabidopsis thaliana is a model organism commonly used to understand and manipulate various cellular processes in plants, and it has been used extensively in the study of secondary cell wall formation. 24894795 2 69 theme laid 348:351 arg1 process 361:367 a process 359:367 a process carried out exclusively by specialized cells such as those forming vessel and fiber tissues 359:459 Secondary cell wall deposition occurs after the primary cell wall is laid down, a process carried out exclusively by specialized cells such as those forming vessel and fiber tissues. 24894795 2 69 theme laid 348:351 arg1 down 353:356 laid down 348:356 laid down 348:356 Secondary cell wall deposition occurs after the primary cell wall is laid down, a process carried out exclusively by specialized cells such as those forming vessel and fiber tissues. 24395108 7 0 theme cancer 1402:1407 arg1 cells 1409:1413 breast cancer cells 1395:1413 breast cancer cells 1395:1413 As changes in cell type composition are one of the hallmark features of breast cancer progression, the demonstration that progenitor cells are stimulated by P in both normal breast and in breast cancer cells has critical implications in discerning the mechanisms of how P increases breast cancer risk. 24395108 4 1 theme progenitor-enriched 810:828 arg1 subfraction 830:840 the bipotent progenitor-enriched subfraction 797:840 the bipotent progenitor-enriched subfraction 797:840 We previously demonstrated that P treatment increases proliferation and augments the number of progenitor-like cells, and that the progesterone receptor (PR) is also expressed in the bipotent progenitor-enriched subfraction. 24395108 4 2 theme P 650:650 arg1 treatment 652:660 P treatment 650:660 P treatment 650:660 We previously demonstrated that P treatment increases proliferation and augments the number of progenitor-like cells, and that the progesterone receptor (PR) is also expressed in the bipotent progenitor-enriched subfraction. 24395108 1 3 theme luminal 209:215 arg1 cells 217:221 luminal cells 209:221 luminal cells surrounded by a contractile basal cell layer 209:266 The epithelium of the human breast is made up of a branching ductal-lobular system, which is lined by a single layer of luminal cells surrounded by a contractile basal cell layer. 24395108 0 4 theme cancer 75:80 arg1 cells 82:86 normal human breast and breast cancer cells 44:86 normal human breast and breast cancer cells 44:86 Progesterone stimulates progenitor cells in normal human breast and breast cancer cells. 24395108 4 5 theme bipotent 801:808 arg1 subfraction 830:840 the bipotent progenitor-enriched subfraction 797:840 the bipotent progenitor-enriched subfraction 797:840 We previously demonstrated that P treatment increases proliferation and augments the number of progenitor-like cells, and that the progesterone receptor (PR) is also expressed in the bipotent progenitor-enriched subfraction. 24395108 5 6 theme bipotent 990:997 arg1 activity 1010:1017 bipotent progenitor activity 990:1017 bipotent progenitor activity 990:1017 Here we demonstrate that PR is expressed in a subset of CD10+ basal cells and that P stimulates this CD10+ cell compartment, which is enriched for bipotent progenitor activity. 24395108 1 7 theme cells 217:221 arg1 layer 200:204 a single layer 191:204 a single layer of luminal cells surrounded by a contractile basal cell layer 191:266 The epithelium of the human breast is made up of a branching ductal-lobular system, which is lined by a single layer of luminal cells surrounded by a contractile basal cell layer. 24395108 7 8 theme breast 1279:1284 arg1 progression 1293:1303 breast cancer progression 1279:1303 breast cancer progression 1279:1303 As changes in cell type composition are one of the hallmark features of breast cancer progression, the demonstration that progenitor cells are stimulated by P in both normal breast and in breast cancer cells has critical implications in discerning the mechanisms of how P increases breast cancer risk. 24395108 6 9 theme cell 1144:1147 arg1 population 1149:1158 the cancer stem cell population 1128:1158 the cancer stem cell population 1128:1158 In addition, we have shown that P stimulates progenitor cells in human breast cancer cell lines and expands the cancer stem cell population via increasing the stem-like CD44+ population. 24395108 3 10 theme normal 506:511 arg1 development 520:530 this normal breast development 501:530 this normal breast development 501:530 The ovarian steroid hormones, progesterone (P) and 17β-estradiol, are critical in driving this normal breast development, yet ovarian activity has also been shown to be a major driver of breast cancer risk. 24395108 6 11 theme progenitor 1065:1074 arg1 cells 1076:1080 progenitor cells 1065:1080 progenitor cells 1065:1080 In addition, we have shown that P stimulates progenitor cells in human breast cancer cell lines and expands the cancer stem cell population via increasing the stem-like CD44+ population. 24395108 6 12 theme human 1085:1089 arg1 lines 1110:1114 human breast cancer cell lines 1085:1114 human breast cancer cell lines 1085:1114 In addition, we have shown that P stimulates progenitor cells in human breast cancer cell lines and expands the cancer stem cell population via increasing the stem-like CD44+ population. 24395108 7 13 theme normal 1374:1379 arg1 breast 1381:1386 both normal breast 1369:1386 both normal breast 1369:1386 As changes in cell type composition are one of the hallmark features of breast cancer progression, the demonstration that progenitor cells are stimulated by P in both normal breast and in breast cancer cells has critical implications in discerning the mechanisms of how P increases breast cancer risk. 24395108 4 14 theme progenitor-like 713:727 arg1 cells 729:733 progenitor-like cells 713:733 progenitor-like cells 713:733 We previously demonstrated that P treatment increases proliferation and augments the number of progenitor-like cells, and that the progesterone receptor (PR) is also expressed in the bipotent progenitor-enriched subfraction. 24395108 3 15 theme breast 513:518 arg1 development 520:530 this normal breast development 501:530 this normal breast development 501:530 The ovarian steroid hormones, progesterone (P) and 17β-estradiol, are critical in driving this normal breast development, yet ovarian activity has also been shown to be a major driver of breast cancer risk. 24395108 7 16 theme progenitor 1329:1338 arg1 cells 1340:1344 progenitor cells 1329:1344 progenitor cells 1329:1344 As changes in cell type composition are one of the hallmark features of breast cancer progression, the demonstration that progenitor cells are stimulated by P in both normal breast and in breast cancer cells has critical implications in discerning the mechanisms of how P increases breast cancer risk. 24395108 7 17 from changes 1210:1216 arg1 composition 1231:1241 cell type composition 1221:1241 cell type composition 1221:1241 As changes in cell type composition are one of the hallmark features of breast cancer progression, the demonstration that progenitor cells are stimulated by P in both normal breast and in breast cancer cells has critical implications in discerning the mechanisms of how P increases breast cancer risk. 24395108 6 18 theme CD44+ 1189:1193 arg1 population 1195:1204 the stem-like CD44+ population 1175:1204 the stem-like CD44+ population 1175:1204 In addition, we have shown that P stimulates progenitor cells in human breast cancer cell lines and expands the cancer stem cell population via increasing the stem-like CD44+ population. 24395108 6 19 theme cancer 1098:1103 arg1 lines 1110:1114 human breast cancer cell lines 1085:1114 human breast cancer cell lines 1085:1114 In addition, we have shown that P stimulates progenitor cells in human breast cancer cell lines and expands the cancer stem cell population via increasing the stem-like CD44+ population. 24395108 1 20 theme branching 140:148 arg1 system 165:170 a branching ductal-lobular system 138:170 a branching ductal-lobular system 138:170 The epithelium of the human breast is made up of a branching ductal-lobular system, which is lined by a single layer of luminal cells surrounded by a contractile basal cell layer. 24395108 6 21 theme stem-like 1179:1187 arg1 population 1195:1204 the stem-like CD44+ population 1175:1204 the stem-like CD44+ population 1175:1204 In addition, we have shown that P stimulates progenitor cells in human breast cancer cell lines and expands the cancer stem cell population via increasing the stem-like CD44+ population. 24395108 6 22 theme breast 1091:1096 arg1 lines 1110:1114 human breast cancer cell lines 1085:1114 human breast cancer cell lines 1085:1114 In addition, we have shown that P stimulates progenitor cells in human breast cancer cell lines and expands the cancer stem cell population via increasing the stem-like CD44+ population. 24395108 1 23 theme ductal-lobular 150:163 arg1 system 165:170 a branching ductal-lobular system 138:170 a branching ductal-lobular system 138:170 The epithelium of the human breast is made up of a branching ductal-lobular system, which is lined by a single layer of luminal cells surrounded by a contractile basal cell layer. 24395108 2 24 theme co-ordinated 273:284 arg1 development 286:296 The co-ordinated development 269:296 The co-ordinated development of stem/progenitor cells into these luminal and basal cells 269:356 The co-ordinated development of stem/progenitor cells into these luminal and basal cells is fundamentally important for breast morphogenesis. 24395108 2 24 theme co-ordinated 273:284 arg1 important 375:383 important 375:383 important 375:383 The co-ordinated development of stem/progenitor cells into these luminal and basal cells is fundamentally important for breast morphogenesis. 24395108 3 25 theme risk 612:615 arg1 activity 545:552 ovarian activity 537:552 ovarian activity 537:552 The ovarian steroid hormones, progesterone (P) and 17β-estradiol, are critical in driving this normal breast development, yet ovarian activity has also been shown to be a major driver of breast cancer risk. 24395108 3 25 theme risk 612:615 arg1 driver 588:593 a major driver 580:593 a major driver of breast cancer risk 580:615 The ovarian steroid hormones, progesterone (P) and 17β-estradiol, are critical in driving this normal breast development, yet ovarian activity has also been shown to be a major driver of breast cancer risk. 24395108 3 26 theme ovarian 537:543 arg1 activity 545:552 ovarian activity 537:552 ovarian activity 537:552 The ovarian steroid hormones, progesterone (P) and 17β-estradiol, are critical in driving this normal breast development, yet ovarian activity has also been shown to be a major driver of breast cancer risk. 24395108 3 26 theme ovarian 537:543 arg1 driver 588:593 a major driver 580:593 a major driver of breast cancer risk 580:615 The ovarian steroid hormones, progesterone (P) and 17β-estradiol, are critical in driving this normal breast development, yet ovarian activity has also been shown to be a major driver of breast cancer risk. 24395108 2 27 theme basal 346:350 arg1 cells 352:356 these luminal and basal cells 328:356 these luminal and basal cells 328:356 The co-ordinated development of stem/progenitor cells into these luminal and basal cells is fundamentally important for breast morphogenesis. 24395108 7 28 theme cancer 1286:1291 arg1 progression 1293:1303 breast cancer progression 1279:1303 breast cancer progression 1279:1303 As changes in cell type composition are one of the hallmark features of breast cancer progression, the demonstration that progenitor cells are stimulated by P in both normal breast and in breast cancer cells has critical implications in discerning the mechanisms of how P increases breast cancer risk. 24395108 1 29 theme contractile 239:249 arg1 layer 262:266 a contractile basal cell layer 237:266 a contractile basal cell layer 237:266 The epithelium of the human breast is made up of a branching ductal-lobular system, which is lined by a single layer of luminal cells surrounded by a contractile basal cell layer. 24395108 7 30 theme features 1267:1274 arg1 one 1247:1249 one 1247:1249 one 1247:1249 As changes in cell type composition are one of the hallmark features of breast cancer progression, the demonstration that progenitor cells are stimulated by P in both normal breast and in breast cancer cells has critical implications in discerning the mechanisms of how P increases breast cancer risk. 24395108 7 30 theme features 1267:1274 arg1 features 1267:1274 the hallmark features 1254:1274 the hallmark features of breast cancer progression 1254:1303 As changes in cell type composition are one of the hallmark features of breast cancer progression, the demonstration that progenitor cells are stimulated by P in both normal breast and in breast cancer cells has critical implications in discerning the mechanisms of how P increases breast cancer risk. 24395108 5 31 theme basal 905:909 arg1 cells 911:915 CD10+ basal cells 899:915 CD10+ basal cells 899:915 Here we demonstrate that PR is expressed in a subset of CD10+ basal cells and that P stimulates this CD10+ cell compartment, which is enriched for bipotent progenitor activity. 24395108 0 32 theme progenitor 24:33 arg1 cells 35:39 progenitor cells 24:39 progenitor cells 24:39 Progesterone stimulates progenitor cells in normal human breast and breast cancer cells. 24395108 1 33 theme basal 251:255 arg1 layer 262:266 a contractile basal cell layer 237:266 a contractile basal cell layer 237:266 The epithelium of the human breast is made up of a branching ductal-lobular system, which is lined by a single layer of luminal cells surrounded by a contractile basal cell layer. 24395108 5 34 theme progenitor 999:1008 arg1 activity 1010:1017 bipotent progenitor activity 990:1017 bipotent progenitor activity 990:1017 Here we demonstrate that PR is expressed in a subset of CD10+ basal cells and that P stimulates this CD10+ cell compartment, which is enriched for bipotent progenitor activity. 24395108 5 35 theme CD10+ 899:903 arg1 cells 911:915 CD10+ basal cells 899:915 CD10+ basal cells 899:915 Here we demonstrate that PR is expressed in a subset of CD10+ basal cells and that P stimulates this CD10+ cell compartment, which is enriched for bipotent progenitor activity. 24395108 2 36 theme breast 389:394 arg1 morphogenesis 396:408 breast morphogenesis 389:408 breast morphogenesis 389:408 The co-ordinated development of stem/progenitor cells into these luminal and basal cells is fundamentally important for breast morphogenesis. 24395108 0 37 theme normal 44:49 arg1 breast 57:62 normal human breast 44:62 normal human breast 44:62 Progesterone stimulates progenitor cells in normal human breast and breast cancer cells. 24395108 1 38 theme cell 257:260 arg1 layer 262:266 a contractile basal cell layer 237:266 a contractile basal cell layer 237:266 The epithelium of the human breast is made up of a branching ductal-lobular system, which is lined by a single layer of luminal cells surrounded by a contractile basal cell layer. 24395108 3 39 theme breast 598:603 arg1 risk 612:615 breast cancer risk 598:615 breast cancer risk 598:615 The ovarian steroid hormones, progesterone (P) and 17β-estradiol, are critical in driving this normal breast development, yet ovarian activity has also been shown to be a major driver of breast cancer risk. 24395108 5 40 theme cell 950:953 arg1 compartment 955:965 this CD10+ cell compartment 939:965 this CD10+ cell compartment 939:965 Here we demonstrate that PR is expressed in a subset of CD10+ basal cells and that P stimulates this CD10+ cell compartment, which is enriched for bipotent progenitor activity. 24395108 3 41 theme ovarian 415:421 arg1 critical 481:488 critical 481:488 critical 481:488 The ovarian steroid hormones, progesterone (P) and 17β-estradiol, are critical in driving this normal breast development, yet ovarian activity has also been shown to be a major driver of breast cancer risk. 24395108 3 41 theme ovarian 415:421 arg1 17β-estradiol 462:474 17β-estradiol 462:474 17β-estradiol 462:474 The ovarian steroid hormones, progesterone (P) and 17β-estradiol, are critical in driving this normal breast development, yet ovarian activity has also been shown to be a major driver of breast cancer risk. 24395108 3 41 theme ovarian 415:421 arg1 progesterone 441:452 progesterone 441:452 progesterone (P) 441:456 The ovarian steroid hormones, progesterone (P) and 17β-estradiol, are critical in driving this normal breast development, yet ovarian activity has also been shown to be a major driver of breast cancer risk. 24395108 3 41 theme ovarian 415:421 arg1 hormones 431:438 The ovarian steroid hormones 411:438 The ovarian steroid hormones 411:438 The ovarian steroid hormones, progesterone (P) and 17β-estradiol, are critical in driving this normal breast development, yet ovarian activity has also been shown to be a major driver of breast cancer risk. 24395108 3 42 theme major 582:586 arg1 activity 545:552 ovarian activity 537:552 ovarian activity 537:552 The ovarian steroid hormones, progesterone (P) and 17β-estradiol, are critical in driving this normal breast development, yet ovarian activity has also been shown to be a major driver of breast cancer risk. 24395108 3 42 theme major 582:586 arg1 driver 588:593 a major driver 580:593 a major driver of breast cancer risk 580:615 The ovarian steroid hormones, progesterone (P) and 17β-estradiol, are critical in driving this normal breast development, yet ovarian activity has also been shown to be a major driver of breast cancer risk. 24395108 7 43 theme progression 1293:1303 arg1 features 1267:1274 the hallmark features 1254:1274 the hallmark features of breast cancer progression 1254:1303 As changes in cell type composition are one of the hallmark features of breast cancer progression, the demonstration that progenitor cells are stimulated by P in both normal breast and in breast cancer cells has critical implications in discerning the mechanisms of how P increases breast cancer risk. 24395108 7 44 theme cell 1221:1224 arg1 composition 1231:1241 cell type composition 1221:1241 cell type composition 1221:1241 As changes in cell type composition are one of the hallmark features of breast cancer progression, the demonstration that progenitor cells are stimulated by P in both normal breast and in breast cancer cells has critical implications in discerning the mechanisms of how P increases breast cancer risk. 24395108 0 45 theme breast 57:62 arg1 cells 82:86 normal human breast and breast cancer cells 44:86 normal human breast and breast cancer cells 44:86 Progesterone stimulates progenitor cells in normal human breast and breast cancer cells. 24395108 5 46 theme cells 911:915 arg1 subset 889:894 a subset 887:894 a subset of CD10+ basal cells 887:915 Here we demonstrate that PR is expressed in a subset of CD10+ basal cells and that P stimulates this CD10+ cell compartment, which is enriched for bipotent progenitor activity. 24395108 2 47 theme cells 317:321 arg1 development 286:296 The co-ordinated development 269:296 The co-ordinated development of stem/progenitor cells into these luminal and basal cells 269:356 The co-ordinated development of stem/progenitor cells into these luminal and basal cells is fundamentally important for breast morphogenesis. 24395108 2 47 theme cells 317:321 arg1 important 375:383 important 375:383 important 375:383 The co-ordinated development of stem/progenitor cells into these luminal and basal cells is fundamentally important for breast morphogenesis. 24395108 0 48 theme human 51:55 arg1 breast 57:62 normal human breast 44:62 normal human breast 44:62 Progesterone stimulates progenitor cells in normal human breast and breast cancer cells. 24395108 6 49 theme cell 1105:1108 arg1 lines 1110:1114 human breast cancer cell lines 1085:1114 human breast cancer cell lines 1085:1114 In addition, we have shown that P stimulates progenitor cells in human breast cancer cell lines and expands the cancer stem cell population via increasing the stem-like CD44+ population. 24395108 7 50 theme critical 1419:1426 arg1 implications 1428:1439 critical implications 1419:1439 critical implications 1419:1439 As changes in cell type composition are one of the hallmark features of breast cancer progression, the demonstration that progenitor cells are stimulated by P in both normal breast and in breast cancer cells has critical implications in discerning the mechanisms of how P increases breast cancer risk. 24395108 6 51 theme stem 1139:1142 arg1 population 1149:1158 the cancer stem cell population 1128:1158 the cancer stem cell population 1128:1158 In addition, we have shown that P stimulates progenitor cells in human breast cancer cell lines and expands the cancer stem cell population via increasing the stem-like CD44+ population. 24395108 1 52 theme human 111:115 arg1 breast 117:122 the human breast 107:122 the human breast 107:122 The epithelium of the human breast is made up of a branching ductal-lobular system, which is lined by a single layer of luminal cells surrounded by a contractile basal cell layer. 24395108 5 53 theme CD10+ 944:948 arg1 compartment 955:965 this CD10+ cell compartment 939:965 this CD10+ cell compartment 939:965 Here we demonstrate that PR is expressed in a subset of CD10+ basal cells and that P stimulates this CD10+ cell compartment, which is enriched for bipotent progenitor activity. 24395108 6 54 theme cancer 1132:1137 arg1 population 1149:1158 the cancer stem cell population 1128:1158 the cancer stem cell population 1128:1158 In addition, we have shown that P stimulates progenitor cells in human breast cancer cell lines and expands the cancer stem cell population via increasing the stem-like CD44+ population. 24395108 1 55 theme breast 117:122 arg1 epithelium 93:102 The epithelium 89:102 The epithelium of the human breast 89:122 The epithelium of the human breast is made up of a branching ductal-lobular system, which is lined by a single layer of luminal cells surrounded by a contractile basal cell layer. 24395108 7 56 contain has 1415:1417 arg1 demonstration 1310:1322 the demonstration that progenitor cells are stimulated by P in both normal breast and in breast cancer cells 1306:1413 the demonstration that progenitor cells are stimulated by P in both normal breast and in breast cancer cells 1306:1413 As changes in cell type composition are one of the hallmark features of breast cancer progression, the demonstration that progenitor cells are stimulated by P in both normal breast and in breast cancer cells has critical implications in discerning the mechanisms of how P increases breast cancer risk. 24395108 7 56 contain has 1415:1417 arg2 implications 1428:1439 critical implications 1419:1439 critical implications 1419:1439 As changes in cell type composition are one of the hallmark features of breast cancer progression, the demonstration that progenitor cells are stimulated by P in both normal breast and in breast cancer cells has critical implications in discerning the mechanisms of how P increases breast cancer risk. 24395108 3 57 theme cancer 605:610 arg1 risk 612:615 breast cancer risk 598:615 breast cancer risk 598:615 The ovarian steroid hormones, progesterone (P) and 17β-estradiol, are critical in driving this normal breast development, yet ovarian activity has also been shown to be a major driver of breast cancer risk. 24395108 4 58 theme cells 729:733 arg1 number 703:708 the number 699:708 the number of progenitor-like cells 699:733 We previously demonstrated that P treatment increases proliferation and augments the number of progenitor-like cells, and that the progesterone receptor (PR) is also expressed in the bipotent progenitor-enriched subfraction. 24395108 1 59 theme single 193:198 arg1 layer 200:204 a single layer 191:204 a single layer of luminal cells surrounded by a contractile basal cell layer 191:266 The epithelium of the human breast is made up of a branching ductal-lobular system, which is lined by a single layer of luminal cells surrounded by a contractile basal cell layer. 24395108 0 60 theme breast 68:73 arg1 cancer 75:80 breast cancer 68:80 breast cancer 68:80 Progesterone stimulates progenitor cells in normal human breast and breast cancer cells. 24395108 2 61 theme stem/progenitor 301:315 arg1 cells 317:321 stem/progenitor cells 301:321 stem/progenitor cells 301:321 The co-ordinated development of stem/progenitor cells into these luminal and basal cells is fundamentally important for breast morphogenesis. 24395108 7 62 theme hallmark 1258:1265 arg1 features 1267:1274 the hallmark features 1254:1274 the hallmark features of breast cancer progression 1254:1303 As changes in cell type composition are one of the hallmark features of breast cancer progression, the demonstration that progenitor cells are stimulated by P in both normal breast and in breast cancer cells has critical implications in discerning the mechanisms of how P increases breast cancer risk. 24395108 7 63 theme type 1226:1229 arg1 composition 1231:1241 cell type composition 1221:1241 cell type composition 1221:1241 As changes in cell type composition are one of the hallmark features of breast cancer progression, the demonstration that progenitor cells are stimulated by P in both normal breast and in breast cancer cells has critical implications in discerning the mechanisms of how P increases breast cancer risk. 24395108 3 64 theme steroid 423:429 arg1 critical 481:488 critical 481:488 critical 481:488 The ovarian steroid hormones, progesterone (P) and 17β-estradiol, are critical in driving this normal breast development, yet ovarian activity has also been shown to be a major driver of breast cancer risk. 24395108 3 64 theme steroid 423:429 arg1 17β-estradiol 462:474 17β-estradiol 462:474 17β-estradiol 462:474 The ovarian steroid hormones, progesterone (P) and 17β-estradiol, are critical in driving this normal breast development, yet ovarian activity has also been shown to be a major driver of breast cancer risk. 24395108 3 64 theme steroid 423:429 arg1 progesterone 441:452 progesterone 441:452 progesterone (P) 441:456 The ovarian steroid hormones, progesterone (P) and 17β-estradiol, are critical in driving this normal breast development, yet ovarian activity has also been shown to be a major driver of breast cancer risk. 24395108 3 64 theme steroid 423:429 arg1 hormones 431:438 The ovarian steroid hormones 411:438 The ovarian steroid hormones 411:438 The ovarian steroid hormones, progesterone (P) and 17β-estradiol, are critical in driving this normal breast development, yet ovarian activity has also been shown to be a major driver of breast cancer risk. 24395108 7 65 theme breast 1489:1494 arg1 risk 1503:1506 breast cancer risk 1489:1506 breast cancer risk 1489:1506 As changes in cell type composition are one of the hallmark features of breast cancer progression, the demonstration that progenitor cells are stimulated by P in both normal breast and in breast cancer cells has critical implications in discerning the mechanisms of how P increases breast cancer risk. 24395108 7 66 theme breast 1395:1400 arg1 cells 1409:1413 breast cancer cells 1395:1413 breast cancer cells 1395:1413 As changes in cell type composition are one of the hallmark features of breast cancer progression, the demonstration that progenitor cells are stimulated by P in both normal breast and in breast cancer cells has critical implications in discerning the mechanisms of how P increases breast cancer risk. 24395108 4 67 theme progesterone 749:760 arg1 PR 772:773 PR 772:773 PR 772:773 We previously demonstrated that P treatment increases proliferation and augments the number of progenitor-like cells, and that the progesterone receptor (PR) is also expressed in the bipotent progenitor-enriched subfraction. 24395108 4 67 theme progesterone 749:760 arg1 receptor 762:769 progesterone receptor 749:769 the progesterone receptor (PR) 745:774 We previously demonstrated that P treatment increases proliferation and augments the number of progenitor-like cells, and that the progesterone receptor (PR) is also expressed in the bipotent progenitor-enriched subfraction. 24395108 2 68 theme luminal 334:340 arg1 cells 352:356 these luminal and basal cells 328:356 these luminal and basal cells 328:356 The co-ordinated development of stem/progenitor cells into these luminal and basal cells is fundamentally important for breast morphogenesis. 24395108 7 69 theme cancer 1496:1501 arg1 risk 1503:1506 breast cancer risk 1489:1506 breast cancer risk 1489:1506 As changes in cell type composition are one of the hallmark features of breast cancer progression, the demonstration that progenitor cells are stimulated by P in both normal breast and in breast cancer cells has critical implications in discerning the mechanisms of how P increases breast cancer risk. 28124983 4 0 theme unique 652:657 arg1 structure 686:694 the unique O-linked carbadisaccharide structure 648:694 the unique O-linked carbadisaccharide structure 648:694 In order to access the unique O-linked carbadisaccharide structure, coupling of chlorohydrin as a donor and anti-epoxide as an acceptor was achieved using catalytic BF₃·Et₂O. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited selectively significant inhibitory activity against α-glycosidase derived from yeast. 28124983 1 1 theme enantiomeric 269:280 arg1 mixture 282:288 an enantiomeric mixture 266:288 an enantiomeric mixture in nature 266:298 Pericosine E (6), a metabolite of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 was originally isolated from the sea hare Aplysia kurodai, which exists as an enantiomeric mixture in nature. 28124983 5 2 theme positive 998:1005 arg1 control 1007:1013 the positive control 994:1013 the positive control 994:1013 The strongest analog showed almost 50 times the activity of the positive control, deoxynojirimycin. 28124983 4 3 theme significant 860:870 arg1 activity 883:890 selectively significant inhibitory activity 848:890 selectively significant inhibitory activity against α-glycosidase derived from yeast 848:931 In order to access the unique O-linked carbadisaccharide structure, coupling of chlorohydrin as a donor and anti-epoxide as an acceptor was achieved using catalytic BF₃·Et₂O. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited selectively significant inhibitory activity against α-glycosidase derived from yeast. 28124983 2 4 theme synthetic 455:463 arg1 strategy 465:472 a common simple synthetic strategy 439:472 a common simple synthetic strategy 439:472 The enantiospecific syntheses of both enantiomers of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 has been achieved, along with six stereoisomers, using a common simple synthetic strategy. 28124983 3 5 theme efficient 485:493 arg1 syntheses 495:503 these efficient syntheses 479:503 these efficient syntheses 479:503 For these efficient syntheses, highly regio- and steroselective processes for the preparation of bromohydrin and anti-epoxide intermediates were applied. 28124983 4 6 attach derived 914:920 arg1 yeast 927:931 yeast 927:931 yeast 927:931 In order to access the unique O-linked carbadisaccharide structure, coupling of chlorohydrin as a donor and anti-epoxide as an acceptor was achieved using catalytic BF₃·Et₂O. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited selectively significant inhibitory activity against α-glycosidase derived from yeast. 28124983 4 6 attach derived 914:920 arg2 α-glycosidase 900:912 α-glycosidase 900:912 α-glycosidase derived from yeast 900:931 In order to access the unique O-linked carbadisaccharide structure, coupling of chlorohydrin as a donor and anti-epoxide as an acceptor was achieved using catalytic BF₃·Et₂O. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited selectively significant inhibitory activity against α-glycosidase derived from yeast. 28124983 2 7 theme simple 448:453 arg1 strategy 465:472 a common simple synthetic strategy 439:472 a common simple synthetic strategy 439:472 The enantiospecific syntheses of both enantiomers of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 has been achieved, along with six stereoisomers, using a common simple synthetic strategy. 28124983 5 8 dep times 972:976 arg1 activity 982:989 the activity 978:989 the activity of the positive control 978:1013 The strongest analog showed almost 50 times the activity of the positive control, deoxynojirimycin. 28124983 5 8 dep times 972:976 arg1 deoxynojirimycin 1016:1031 deoxynojirimycin 1016:1031 deoxynojirimycin 1016:1031 The strongest analog showed almost 50 times the activity of the positive control, deoxynojirimycin. 28124983 1 9 theme Pericosine 127:136 arg1 6 141:141 6 141:141 6 141:141 Pericosine E (6), a metabolite of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 was originally isolated from the sea hare Aplysia kurodai, which exists as an enantiomeric mixture in nature. 28124983 1 9 theme Pericosine 127:136 arg1 E 138:138 Pericosine E 127:138 Pericosine E (6) 127:142 Pericosine E (6), a metabolite of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 was originally isolated from the sea hare Aplysia kurodai, which exists as an enantiomeric mixture in nature. 28124983 1 9 theme Pericosine 127:136 arg1 metabolite 147:156 a metabolite 145:156 a metabolite of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 145:189 Pericosine E (6), a metabolite of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 was originally isolated from the sea hare Aplysia kurodai, which exists as an enantiomeric mixture in nature. 28124983 0 10 theme -Pericosine 63:73 arg1 E 75:75 -Pericosine E 63:75 -Pericosine E 63:75 Synthesis of Natural O-Linked Carba-Disaccharides, (+)- and (-)-Pericosine E, and Their Analogues as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. 28124983 4 11 link O-linked 659:666 arg1 structure 686:694 the unique O-linked carbadisaccharide structure 648:694 the unique O-linked carbadisaccharide structure 648:694 In order to access the unique O-linked carbadisaccharide structure, coupling of chlorohydrin as a donor and anti-epoxide as an acceptor was achieved using catalytic BF₃·Et₂O. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited selectively significant inhibitory activity against α-glycosidase derived from yeast. 28124983 4 12 theme synthesized 816:826 arg1 compounds 828:836 the synthesized compounds 812:836 the synthesized compounds 812:836 In order to access the unique O-linked carbadisaccharide structure, coupling of chlorohydrin as a donor and anti-epoxide as an acceptor was achieved using catalytic BF₃·Et₂O. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited selectively significant inhibitory activity against α-glycosidase derived from yeast. 28124983 0 13 dep and 56:58 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of Natural O-Linked Carba-Disaccharides, (+)- and (-)-Pericosine E, and Their Analogues as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. 28124983 2 14 theme enantiospecific 305:319 arg1 syntheses 321:329 The enantiospecific syntheses 301:329 The enantiospecific syntheses of both enantiomers of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 301:382 The enantiospecific syntheses of both enantiomers of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 has been achieved, along with six stereoisomers, using a common simple synthetic strategy. 28124983 0 15 theme O-Linked 21:28 arg1 Carba-Disaccharides 30:48 Natural O-Linked Carba-Disaccharides 13:48 Natural O-Linked Carba-Disaccharides 13:48 Synthesis of Natural O-Linked Carba-Disaccharides, (+)- and (-)-Pericosine E, and Their Analogues as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. 28124983 1 16 theme sea 224:226 arg1 Aplysia 233:239 the sea hare Aplysia 220:239 the sea hare Aplysia kurodai 220:247 Pericosine E (6), a metabolite of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 was originally isolated from the sea hare Aplysia kurodai, which exists as an enantiomeric mixture in nature. 28124983 4 17 theme catalytic 784:792 arg1 BF₃·Et₂O. 794:802 catalytic BF₃·Et₂O. 784:802 catalytic BF₃·Et₂O. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited selectively significant inhibitory activity against α-glycosidase derived from yeast 784:931 In order to access the unique O-linked carbadisaccharide structure, coupling of chlorohydrin as a donor and anti-epoxide as an acceptor was achieved using catalytic BF₃·Et₂O. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited selectively significant inhibitory activity against α-glycosidase derived from yeast. 28124983 5 18 theme control 1007:1013 arg1 activity 982:989 the activity 978:989 the activity of the positive control 978:1013 The strongest analog showed almost 50 times the activity of the positive control, deoxynojirimycin. 28124983 5 18 theme control 1007:1013 arg1 deoxynojirimycin 1016:1031 deoxynojirimycin 1016:1031 deoxynojirimycin 1016:1031 The strongest analog showed almost 50 times the activity of the positive control, deoxynojirimycin. 28124983 2 19 theme byssoides 364:372 arg1 enantiomers 339:349 both enantiomers 334:349 both enantiomers of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 334:382 The enantiospecific syntheses of both enantiomers of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 has been achieved, along with six stereoisomers, using a common simple synthetic strategy. 28124983 0 20 theme Natural 13:19 arg1 Carba-Disaccharides 30:48 Natural O-Linked Carba-Disaccharides 13:48 Natural O-Linked Carba-Disaccharides 13:48 Synthesis of Natural O-Linked Carba-Disaccharides, (+)- and (-)-Pericosine E, and Their Analogues as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. 28124983 1 21 theme hare 228:231 arg1 Aplysia 233:239 the sea hare Aplysia 220:239 the sea hare Aplysia kurodai 220:247 Pericosine E (6), a metabolite of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 was originally isolated from the sea hare Aplysia kurodai, which exists as an enantiomeric mixture in nature. 28124983 5 22 theme strongest 938:946 arg1 analog 948:953 The strongest analog 934:953 The strongest analog 934:953 The strongest analog showed almost 50 times the activity of the positive control, deoxynojirimycin. 28124983 3 23 theme intermediates 601:613 arg1 preparation 557:567 the preparation 553:567 the preparation of bromohydrin and anti-epoxide intermediates 553:613 For these efficient syntheses, highly regio- and steroselective processes for the preparation of bromohydrin and anti-epoxide intermediates were applied. 28124983 4 24 theme chlorohydrin 709:720 arg1 coupling 697:704 coupling 697:704 coupling of chlorohydrin as a donor and anti-epoxide as an acceptor 697:763 In order to access the unique O-linked carbadisaccharide structure, coupling of chlorohydrin as a donor and anti-epoxide as an acceptor was achieved using catalytic BF₃·Et₂O. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited selectively significant inhibitory activity against α-glycosidase derived from yeast. 28124983 2 25 theme Periconia 354:362 arg1 byssoides 364:372 Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 354:382 Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 354:382 The enantiospecific syntheses of both enantiomers of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 has been achieved, along with six stereoisomers, using a common simple synthetic strategy. 28124983 1 26 theme Aplysia 233:239 arg1 kurodai 241:247 the sea hare Aplysia kurodai 220:247 the sea hare Aplysia kurodai 220:247 Pericosine E (6), a metabolite of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 was originally isolated from the sea hare Aplysia kurodai, which exists as an enantiomeric mixture in nature. 28124983 4 27 dep donor 727:731 arg1 a 725:725 a 725:725 a 725:725 In order to access the unique O-linked carbadisaccharide structure, coupling of chlorohydrin as a donor and anti-epoxide as an acceptor was achieved using catalytic BF₃·Et₂O. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited selectively significant inhibitory activity against α-glycosidase derived from yeast. 28124983 0 28 theme Carba-Disaccharides 30:48 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of Natural O-Linked Carba-Disaccharides, (+)- and (-)-Pericosine E, and Their Analogues as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. 28124983 1 29 from mixture 282:288 arg1 nature 293:298 nature 293:298 nature 293:298 Pericosine E (6), a metabolite of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 was originally isolated from the sea hare Aplysia kurodai, which exists as an enantiomeric mixture in nature. 28124983 2 30 theme common 441:446 arg1 strategy 465:472 a common simple synthetic strategy 439:472 a common simple synthetic strategy 439:472 The enantiospecific syntheses of both enantiomers of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 has been achieved, along with six stereoisomers, using a common simple synthetic strategy. 28124983 0 31 theme α-Glucosidase 101:113 arg1 Inhibitors 115:124 α-Glucosidase Inhibitors 101:124 α-Glucosidase Inhibitors 101:124 Synthesis of Natural O-Linked Carba-Disaccharides, (+)- and (-)-Pericosine E, and Their Analogues as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. 28124983 3 32 theme anti-epoxide 588:599 arg1 intermediates 601:613 bromohydrin and anti-epoxide intermediates 572:613 bromohydrin and anti-epoxide intermediates 572:613 For these efficient syntheses, highly regio- and steroselective processes for the preparation of bromohydrin and anti-epoxide intermediates were applied. 28124983 4 33 theme carbadisaccharide 668:684 arg1 structure 686:694 the unique O-linked carbadisaccharide structure 648:694 the unique O-linked carbadisaccharide structure 648:694 In order to access the unique O-linked carbadisaccharide structure, coupling of chlorohydrin as a donor and anti-epoxide as an acceptor was achieved using catalytic BF₃·Et₂O. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited selectively significant inhibitory activity against α-glycosidase derived from yeast. 28124983 4 34 theme inhibitory 872:881 arg1 activity 883:890 selectively significant inhibitory activity 848:890 selectively significant inhibitory activity against α-glycosidase derived from yeast 848:931 In order to access the unique O-linked carbadisaccharide structure, coupling of chlorohydrin as a donor and anti-epoxide as an acceptor was achieved using catalytic BF₃·Et₂O. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited selectively significant inhibitory activity against α-glycosidase derived from yeast. 28124983 3 35 theme steroselective 524:537 arg1 processes 539:547 highly regio- and steroselective processes 506:547 highly regio- and steroselective processes for the preparation of bromohydrin and anti-epoxide intermediates 506:613 For these efficient syntheses, highly regio- and steroselective processes for the preparation of bromohydrin and anti-epoxide intermediates were applied. 28124983 4 36 theme O-linked 659:666 arg1 structure 686:694 the unique O-linked carbadisaccharide structure 648:694 the unique O-linked carbadisaccharide structure 648:694 In order to access the unique O-linked carbadisaccharide structure, coupling of chlorohydrin as a donor and anti-epoxide as an acceptor was achieved using catalytic BF₃·Et₂O. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited selectively significant inhibitory activity against α-glycosidase derived from yeast. 28124983 0 37 dep Synthesis 0:8 arg1 + 52:52 + 52:52 + 52:52 Synthesis of Natural O-Linked Carba-Disaccharides, (+)- and (-)-Pericosine E, and Their Analogues as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. 28124983 3 38 theme bromohydrin 572:582 arg1 intermediates 601:613 bromohydrin and anti-epoxide intermediates 572:613 bromohydrin and anti-epoxide intermediates 572:613 For these efficient syntheses, highly regio- and steroselective processes for the preparation of bromohydrin and anti-epoxide intermediates were applied. 28124983 2 39 theme enantiomers 339:349 arg1 syntheses 321:329 The enantiospecific syntheses 301:329 The enantiospecific syntheses of both enantiomers of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 301:382 The enantiospecific syntheses of both enantiomers of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 has been achieved, along with six stereoisomers, using a common simple synthetic strategy. 28124983 4 40 dep BF₃·Et₂O. 794:802 arg1 exhibited 838:846 exhibited 838:846 exhibited selectively significant inhibitory activity against α-glycosidase derived from yeast 838:931 In order to access the unique O-linked carbadisaccharide structure, coupling of chlorohydrin as a donor and anti-epoxide as an acceptor was achieved using catalytic BF₃·Et₂O. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited selectively significant inhibitory activity against α-glycosidase derived from yeast. 28124983 1 41 theme byssoides 171:179 arg1 E 138:138 Pericosine E 127:138 Pericosine E (6) 127:142 Pericosine E (6), a metabolite of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 was originally isolated from the sea hare Aplysia kurodai, which exists as an enantiomeric mixture in nature. 28124983 1 41 theme byssoides 171:179 arg1 metabolite 147:156 a metabolite 145:156 a metabolite of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 145:189 Pericosine E (6), a metabolite of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 was originally isolated from the sea hare Aplysia kurodai, which exists as an enantiomeric mixture in nature. 28124983 1 42 attach isolated 206:213 arg2 metabolite 147:156 a metabolite 145:156 a metabolite of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 145:189 Pericosine E (6), a metabolite of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 was originally isolated from the sea hare Aplysia kurodai, which exists as an enantiomeric mixture in nature. 28124983 1 42 attach isolated 206:213 arg2 6 141:141 6 141:141 6 141:141 Pericosine E (6), a metabolite of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 was originally isolated from the sea hare Aplysia kurodai, which exists as an enantiomeric mixture in nature. 28124983 1 42 attach isolated 206:213 arg1 kurodai 241:247 the sea hare Aplysia kurodai 220:247 the sea hare Aplysia kurodai 220:247 Pericosine E (6), a metabolite of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 was originally isolated from the sea hare Aplysia kurodai, which exists as an enantiomeric mixture in nature. 28124983 1 42 attach isolated 206:213 arg2 E 138:138 Pericosine E 127:138 Pericosine E (6) 127:142 Pericosine E (6), a metabolite of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 was originally isolated from the sea hare Aplysia kurodai, which exists as an enantiomeric mixture in nature. 28124983 3 43 theme regio- 513:518 arg1 processes 539:547 highly regio- and steroselective processes 506:547 highly regio- and steroselective processes for the preparation of bromohydrin and anti-epoxide intermediates 506:613 For these efficient syntheses, highly regio- and steroselective processes for the preparation of bromohydrin and anti-epoxide intermediates were applied. 28231174 0 0 theme Activity 102:109 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. 0:149 Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. 28231174 8 1 theme extraction 1439:1448 arg1 technique 1450:1458 an ultrasound-assisted extraction technique 1416:1458 an ultrasound-assisted extraction technique 1416:1458 These findings indicated that GPPP extracted using an ultrasound-assisted extraction technique has potential as a novel source of natural antioxidant agent for future applications. 28231174 5 2 theme FT-IR 984:988 arg1 spectrum 990:997 The FT-IR spectrum 980:997 The FT-IR spectrum 980:997 The FT-IR spectrum demonstrated obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharides. 28231174 3 3 theme °C. 765:767 arg1 mL/g 724:727 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature 717:754 mL/g 724:727 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 3 3 theme °C. 765:767 arg1 temperature 744:754 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature 717:754 temperature 744:754 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 0 4 theme Antioxidant 90:100 arg1 Activity 102:109 In Vitro Antioxidant Activity 81:109 In Vitro Antioxidant Activity 81:109 Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. 28231174 3 5 theme W 650:650 arg1 power 634:638 a sonication power 621:638 a sonication power of 135.34 W 621:650 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 3 5 theme W 650:650 arg1 ratio 683:687 ratio 683:687 ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. 683:767 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 3 5 theme W 650:650 arg1 time 664:667 extraction time 653:667 extraction time of 48.61 min 653:680 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 7 6 theme mg/mL 1358:1362 arg1 amount 1344:1349 a total amount 1336:1349 a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL 1336:1362 The results revealed that GPPP possessed considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%), reducing power (0.63) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) at a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL. 28231174 7 6 theme mg/mL 1358:1362 arg1 mg/mL 1358:1362 0.9 mg/mL 1354:1362 0.9 mg/mL 1354:1362 The results revealed that GPPP possessed considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%), reducing power (0.63) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) at a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL. 28231174 1 7 theme ultrasound-assisted 166:184 arg1 extraction 186:195 ultrasound-assisted extraction 166:195 ultrasound-assisted extraction of green pea pod polysaccharide (GPPP) 166:234 In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of green pea pod polysaccharide (GPPP) was investigated and optimized using a central composite response surface design coupled with a numerical optimization technique. 28231174 3 8 theme experimental 797:808 arg1 yield 810:814 the experimental yield 793:814 the experimental yield 793:814 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 3 8 theme experimental 797:808 arg1 % 832:832 7.37% ± 0.13% 820:832 7.37% ± 0.13% 820:832 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 3 9 with agreement 854:862 arg1 value 883:887 the predicted value 869:887 the predicted value (7.20%) 869:895 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 3 9 with agreement 854:862 arg1 % 894:894 7.20% 890:894 7.20% 890:894 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 0 10 theme Polysaccharides 114:128 arg1 Extraction 36:45 Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction 16:45 Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction 16:45 Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. 28231174 0 10 theme Polysaccharides 114:128 arg1 Characterization 60:75 Preliminary Characterization 48:75 Preliminary Characterization 48:75 Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. 28231174 0 10 theme Polysaccharides 114:128 arg1 Activity 102:109 In Vitro Antioxidant Activity 81:109 In Vitro Antioxidant Activity 81:109 Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. 28231174 0 11 from Optimization 0:11 arg1 Pods 145:148 Green Pea Pods 135:148 Green Pea Pods 135:148 Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. 28231174 7 12 theme free 1216:1219 arg1 radical 1221:1227 considerable DPPH free radical 1198:1227 considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%) 1198:1256 The results revealed that GPPP possessed considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%), reducing power (0.63) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) at a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL. 28231174 3 13 theme min 678:680 arg1 power 634:638 a sonication power 621:638 a sonication power of 135.34 W 621:650 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 3 13 theme min 678:680 arg1 time 664:667 extraction time 653:667 extraction time of 48.61 min 653:680 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 8 14 theme agent 1515:1519 arg1 source 1485:1490 a novel source 1477:1490 a novel source of natural antioxidant agent for future applications 1477:1543 These findings indicated that GPPP extracted using an ultrasound-assisted extraction technique has potential as a novel source of natural antioxidant agent for future applications. 28231174 8 14 theme agent 1515:1519 arg1 potential 1464:1472 potential 1464:1472 potential 1464:1472 These findings indicated that GPPP extracted using an ultrasound-assisted extraction technique has potential as a novel source of natural antioxidant agent for future applications. 28231174 6 15 theme antioxidant 1074:1084 arg1 activity 1086:1093 antioxidant activity 1074:1093 antioxidant activity of GPPP 1074:1101 Furthermore, antioxidant activity of GPPP was evaluated by various antioxidant assays in vitro. 28231174 1 16 theme central 275:281 arg1 design 310:315 a central composite response surface design 273:315 a central composite response surface design coupled with a numerical optimization technique 273:363 In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of green pea pod polysaccharide (GPPP) was investigated and optimized using a central composite response surface design coupled with a numerical optimization technique. 28231174 0 17 theme Green 135:139 arg1 Pods 145:148 Green Pea Pods 135:148 Green Pea Pods 135:148 Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. 28231174 2 18 theme time 421:424 arg1 effects 370:376 The effects 366:376 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield 366:558 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. 28231174 7 19 theme antioxidant 1301:1311 arg1 power 1313:1317 ferric reducing antioxidant power 1285:1317 ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) 1285:1331 The results revealed that GPPP possessed considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%), reducing power (0.63) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) at a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL. 28231174 7 19 theme antioxidant 1301:1311 arg1 mmol/L 1325:1330 0.34 mmol/L 1320:1330 0.34 mmol/L 1320:1330 The results revealed that GPPP possessed considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%), reducing power (0.63) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) at a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL. 28231174 7 20 theme radical 1221:1227 arg1 activity 1240:1247 considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity 1198:1247 considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%) 1198:1256 The results revealed that GPPP possessed considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%), reducing power (0.63) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) at a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL. 28231174 7 20 theme radical 1221:1227 arg1 % 1255:1255 91.03% 1250:1255 91.03% 1250:1255 The results revealed that GPPP possessed considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%), reducing power (0.63) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) at a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL. 28231174 2 21 theme ratio 439:443 arg1 effects 370:376 The effects 366:376 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield 366:558 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. 28231174 8 22 theme antioxidant 1503:1513 arg1 agent 1515:1519 natural antioxidant agent 1495:1519 natural antioxidant agent for future applications 1495:1543 These findings indicated that GPPP extracted using an ultrasound-assisted extraction technique has potential as a novel source of natural antioxidant agent for future applications. 28231174 3 23 theme % 824:824 arg1 yield 810:814 the experimental yield 793:814 the experimental yield 793:814 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 3 23 theme % 824:824 arg1 % 832:832 7.37% ± 0.13% 820:832 7.37% ± 0.13% 820:832 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 5 24 theme polysaccharides 1044:1058 arg1 peaks 1035:1039 obvious characteristic peaks 1012:1039 obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharides 1012:1058 The FT-IR spectrum demonstrated obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharides. 28231174 2 25 theme raw 457:459 arg1 material 461:468 raw material 457:468 raw material 457:468 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. 28231174 2 26 from effects 370:376 arg1 yield 554:558 polysaccharide extraction yield 528:558 polysaccharide extraction yield 528:558 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. 28231174 7 27 theme ferric 1285:1290 arg1 power 1313:1317 ferric reducing antioxidant power 1285:1317 ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) 1285:1331 The results revealed that GPPP possessed considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%), reducing power (0.63) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) at a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL. 28231174 7 27 theme ferric 1285:1290 arg1 mmol/L 1325:1330 0.34 mmol/L 1320:1330 0.34 mmol/L 1320:1330 The results revealed that GPPP possessed considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%), reducing power (0.63) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) at a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL. 28231174 3 28 theme ± 826:826 arg1 yield 810:814 the experimental yield 793:814 the experimental yield 793:814 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 3 28 theme ± 826:826 arg1 % 832:832 7.37% ± 0.13% 820:832 7.37% ± 0.13% 820:832 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 1 29 theme green 200:204 arg1 polysaccharide 214:227 green pea pod polysaccharide 200:227 green pea pod polysaccharide (GPPP) 200:234 In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of green pea pod polysaccharide (GPPP) was investigated and optimized using a central composite response surface design coupled with a numerical optimization technique. 28231174 1 29 theme green 200:204 arg1 GPPP 230:233 GPPP 230:233 GPPP 230:233 In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of green pea pod polysaccharide (GPPP) was investigated and optimized using a central composite response surface design coupled with a numerical optimization technique. 28231174 5 30 theme obvious 1012:1018 arg1 peaks 1035:1039 obvious characteristic peaks 1012:1039 obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharides 1012:1058 The FT-IR spectrum demonstrated obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharides. 28231174 1 31 theme composite 283:291 arg1 design 310:315 a central composite response surface design 273:315 a central composite response surface design coupled with a numerical optimization technique 273:363 In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of green pea pod polysaccharide (GPPP) was investigated and optimized using a central composite response surface design coupled with a numerical optimization technique. 28231174 3 32 theme water 692:696 arg1 power 634:638 a sonication power 621:638 a sonication power of 135.34 W 621:650 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 3 32 theme water 692:696 arg1 ratio 683:687 ratio 683:687 ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. 683:767 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 7 33 theme reducing 1292:1299 arg1 power 1313:1317 ferric reducing antioxidant power 1285:1317 ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) 1285:1331 The results revealed that GPPP possessed considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%), reducing power (0.63) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) at a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL. 28231174 7 33 theme reducing 1292:1299 arg1 mmol/L 1325:1330 0.34 mmol/L 1320:1330 0.34 mmol/L 1320:1330 The results revealed that GPPP possessed considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%), reducing power (0.63) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) at a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL. 28231174 1 34 theme pea 206:208 arg1 polysaccharide 214:227 green pea pod polysaccharide 200:227 green pea pod polysaccharide (GPPP) 200:234 In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of green pea pod polysaccharide (GPPP) was investigated and optimized using a central composite response surface design coupled with a numerical optimization technique. 28231174 1 34 theme pea 206:208 arg1 GPPP 230:233 GPPP 230:233 GPPP 230:233 In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of green pea pod polysaccharide (GPPP) was investigated and optimized using a central composite response surface design coupled with a numerical optimization technique. 28231174 0 35 theme Extraction 36:45 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. 0:149 Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. 28231174 1 36 theme response 293:300 arg1 design 310:315 a central composite response surface design 273:315 a central composite response surface design coupled with a numerical optimization technique 273:363 In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of green pea pod polysaccharide (GPPP) was investigated and optimized using a central composite response surface design coupled with a numerical optimization technique. 28231174 4 37 theme properties 968:977 arg1 variety 948:954 a variety 946:954 a variety of chemical properties 946:977 The GPPP has been analyzed in order to identify a variety of chemical properties. 28231174 4 37 theme properties 968:977 arg1 properties 968:977 chemical properties 959:977 chemical properties 959:977 The GPPP has been analyzed in order to identify a variety of chemical properties. 28231174 1 38 theme pod 210:212 arg1 polysaccharide 214:227 green pea pod polysaccharide 200:227 green pea pod polysaccharide (GPPP) 200:234 In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of green pea pod polysaccharide (GPPP) was investigated and optimized using a central composite response surface design coupled with a numerical optimization technique. 28231174 1 38 theme pod 210:212 arg1 GPPP 230:233 GPPP 230:233 GPPP 230:233 In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of green pea pod polysaccharide (GPPP) was investigated and optimized using a central composite response surface design coupled with a numerical optimization technique. 28231174 0 39 theme Ultrasound-Assisted 16:34 arg1 Extraction 36:45 Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction 16:45 Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction 16:45 Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. 28231174 1 40 theme surface 302:308 arg1 design 310:315 a central composite response surface design 273:315 a central composite response surface design coupled with a numerical optimization technique 273:363 In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of green pea pod polysaccharide (GPPP) was investigated and optimized using a central composite response surface design coupled with a numerical optimization technique. 28231174 0 41 theme Pea 141:143 arg1 Pods 145:148 Green Pea Pods 135:148 Green Pea Pods 135:148 Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. 28231174 0 42 dep In 81:82 arg1 Vitro 84:88 Vitro 84:88 Vitro 84:88 Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. 28231174 6 43 theme GPPP 1098:1101 arg1 activity 1086:1093 antioxidant activity 1074:1093 antioxidant activity of GPPP 1074:1101 Furthermore, antioxidant activity of GPPP was evaluated by various antioxidant assays in vitro. 28231174 1 44 theme polysaccharide 214:227 arg1 extraction 186:195 ultrasound-assisted extraction 166:195 ultrasound-assisted extraction of green pea pod polysaccharide (GPPP) 166:234 In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of green pea pod polysaccharide (GPPP) was investigated and optimized using a central composite response surface design coupled with a numerical optimization technique. 28231174 0 45 theme Preliminary 48:58 arg1 Characterization 60:75 Preliminary Characterization 48:75 Preliminary Characterization 48:75 Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. 28231174 8 46 theme ultrasound-assisted 1419:1437 arg1 technique 1450:1458 an ultrasound-assisted extraction technique 1416:1458 an ultrasound-assisted extraction technique 1416:1458 These findings indicated that GPPP extracted using an ultrasound-assisted extraction technique has potential as a novel source of natural antioxidant agent for future applications. 28231174 7 47 contain possessed 1188:1196 arg2 activity 1240:1247 considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity 1198:1247 considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%) 1198:1256 The results revealed that GPPP possessed considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%), reducing power (0.63) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) at a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL. 28231174 7 47 contain possessed 1188:1196 arg2 % 1255:1255 91.03% 1250:1255 91.03% 1250:1255 The results revealed that GPPP possessed considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%), reducing power (0.63) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) at a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL. 28231174 7 47 contain possessed 1188:1196 arg1 GPPP 1183:1186 GPPP 1183:1186 GPPP 1183:1186 The results revealed that GPPP possessed considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%), reducing power (0.63) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) at a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL. 28231174 7 48 theme scavenging 1229:1238 arg1 activity 1240:1247 considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity 1198:1247 considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%) 1198:1256 The results revealed that GPPP possessed considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%), reducing power (0.63) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) at a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL. 28231174 7 48 theme scavenging 1229:1238 arg1 % 1255:1255 91.03% 1250:1255 91.03% 1250:1255 The results revealed that GPPP possessed considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%), reducing power (0.63) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) at a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL. 28231174 2 49 theme sonication 410:419 arg1 time 421:424 sonication time 410:424 sonication time (20-80 min) 410:436 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. 28231174 2 49 theme sonication 410:419 arg1 min 433:435 20-80 min 427:435 20-80 min 427:435 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. 28231174 2 50 theme water 448:452 arg1 W 406:406 50-150 W 399:406 50-150 W 399:406 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. 28231174 2 50 theme water 448:452 arg1 min 433:435 20-80 min 427:435 20-80 min 427:435 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. 28231174 2 50 theme water 448:452 arg1 power 392:396 ultrasonic power 381:396 ultrasonic power (50-150 W) 381:407 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. 28231174 2 50 theme water 448:452 arg1 temperature 502:512 extraction temperature 491:512 extraction temperature (40-80 °C) 491:523 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. 28231174 2 50 theme water 448:452 arg1 time 421:424 sonication time 410:424 sonication time (20-80 min) 410:436 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. 28231174 2 50 theme water 448:452 arg1 ratio 439:443 ratio 439:443 ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) 439:485 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. 28231174 2 50 theme water 448:452 arg1 °C 521:522 40-80 °C 515:522 40-80 °C 515:522 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. 28231174 2 50 theme water 448:452 arg1 mL/g 481:484 20:1-40:1 mL/g 471:484 20:1-40:1 mL/g 471:484 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. 28231174 7 51 theme total 1338:1342 arg1 amount 1344:1349 a total amount 1336:1349 a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL 1336:1362 The results revealed that GPPP possessed considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%), reducing power (0.63) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) at a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL. 28231174 7 51 theme total 1338:1342 arg1 mg/mL 1358:1362 0.9 mg/mL 1354:1362 0.9 mg/mL 1354:1362 The results revealed that GPPP possessed considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%), reducing power (0.63) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) at a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL. 28231174 2 52 theme temperature 502:512 arg1 effects 370:376 The effects 366:376 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield 366:558 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. 28231174 3 53 theme mL/g 724:727 arg1 material 705:712 raw material 701:712 raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. 701:767 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 7 54 theme considerable 1198:1209 arg1 radical 1221:1227 considerable DPPH free radical 1198:1227 considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%) 1198:1256 The results revealed that GPPP possessed considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%), reducing power (0.63) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) at a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL. 28231174 2 55 theme extraction 491:500 arg1 temperature 502:512 extraction temperature 491:512 extraction temperature (40-80 °C) 491:523 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. 28231174 2 55 theme extraction 491:500 arg1 °C 521:522 40-80 °C 515:522 40-80 °C 515:522 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. 28231174 2 56 theme extraction 543:552 arg1 yield 554:558 polysaccharide extraction yield 528:558 polysaccharide extraction yield 528:558 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. 28231174 6 57 theme various 1120:1126 arg1 assays 1140:1145 various antioxidant assays 1120:1145 various antioxidant assays 1120:1145 Furthermore, antioxidant activity of GPPP was evaluated by various antioxidant assays in vitro. 28231174 0 58 theme Characterization 60:75 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. 0:149 Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. 28231174 3 59 theme raw 701:703 arg1 material 705:712 raw material 701:712 raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. 701:767 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 2 60 theme polysaccharide 528:541 arg1 yield 554:558 polysaccharide extraction yield 528:558 polysaccharide extraction yield 528:558 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. 28231174 8 61 theme novel 1479:1483 arg1 source 1485:1490 a novel source 1477:1490 a novel source of natural antioxidant agent for future applications 1477:1543 These findings indicated that GPPP extracted using an ultrasound-assisted extraction technique has potential as a novel source of natural antioxidant agent for future applications. 28231174 8 61 theme novel 1479:1483 arg1 potential 1464:1472 potential 1464:1472 potential 1464:1472 These findings indicated that GPPP extracted using an ultrasound-assisted extraction technique has potential as a novel source of natural antioxidant agent for future applications. 28231174 3 62 theme close 848:852 arg1 agreement 854:862 close agreement 848:862 close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%) 848:895 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 3 63 theme extraction 653:662 arg1 power 634:638 a sonication power 621:638 a sonication power of 135.34 W 621:650 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 3 63 theme extraction 653:662 arg1 time 664:667 extraction time 653:667 extraction time of 48.61 min 653:680 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 1 64 theme numerical 332:340 arg1 technique 355:363 a numerical optimization technique 330:363 a numerical optimization technique 330:363 In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of green pea pod polysaccharide (GPPP) was investigated and optimized using a central composite response surface design coupled with a numerical optimization technique. 28231174 8 65 theme natural 1495:1501 arg1 agent 1515:1519 natural antioxidant agent 1495:1519 natural antioxidant agent for future applications 1495:1543 These findings indicated that GPPP extracted using an ultrasound-assisted extraction technique has potential as a novel source of natural antioxidant agent for future applications. 28231174 3 66 theme extraction 586:595 arg1 yield 597:601 The maximum extraction yield 574:601 The maximum extraction yield 574:601 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 6 67 theme antioxidant 1128:1138 arg1 assays 1140:1145 various antioxidant assays 1120:1145 various antioxidant assays 1120:1145 Furthermore, antioxidant activity of GPPP was evaluated by various antioxidant assays in vitro. 28231174 8 68 theme future 1525:1530 arg1 applications 1532:1543 future applications 1525:1543 future applications 1525:1543 These findings indicated that GPPP extracted using an ultrasound-assisted extraction technique has potential as a novel source of natural antioxidant agent for future applications. 28231174 3 69 theme extraction 733:742 arg1 temperature 744:754 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature 717:754 temperature 744:754 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 8 70 contain has 1460:1462 arg2 potential 1464:1472 potential 1464:1472 potential 1464:1472 These findings indicated that GPPP extracted using an ultrasound-assisted extraction technique has potential as a novel source of natural antioxidant agent for future applications. 28231174 8 70 contain has 1460:1462 arg1 GPPP 1395:1398 GPPP 1395:1398 GPPP extracted using an ultrasound-assisted extraction technique 1395:1458 These findings indicated that GPPP extracted using an ultrasound-assisted extraction technique has potential as a novel source of natural antioxidant agent for future applications. 28231174 8 70 contain has 1460:1462 arg2 source 1485:1490 a novel source 1477:1490 a novel source of natural antioxidant agent for future applications 1477:1543 These findings indicated that GPPP extracted using an ultrasound-assisted extraction technique has potential as a novel source of natural antioxidant agent for future applications. 28231174 3 71 theme sonication 623:632 arg1 power 634:638 a sonication power 621:638 a sonication power of 135.34 W 621:650 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 3 71 theme sonication 623:632 arg1 ratio 683:687 ratio 683:687 ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. 683:767 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 3 71 theme sonication 623:632 arg1 time 664:667 extraction time 653:667 extraction time of 48.61 min 653:680 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 4 72 theme chemical 959:966 arg1 properties 968:977 chemical properties 959:977 chemical properties 959:977 The GPPP has been analyzed in order to identify a variety of chemical properties. 28231174 3 73 theme temperature 744:754 arg1 material 705:712 raw material 701:712 raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. 701:767 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 5 74 theme characteristic 1020:1033 arg1 peaks 1035:1039 obvious characteristic peaks 1012:1039 obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharides 1012:1058 The FT-IR spectrum demonstrated obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharides. 28231174 7 75 theme DPPH 1211:1214 arg1 radical 1221:1227 considerable DPPH free radical 1198:1227 considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%) 1198:1256 The results revealed that GPPP possessed considerable DPPH free radical scavenging activity (91.03%), reducing power (0.63) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.34 mmol/L) at a total amount of 0.9 mg/mL. 28231174 2 76 theme power 392:396 arg1 effects 370:376 The effects 366:376 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield 366:558 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. 28231174 0 77 from Pods 145:148 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. 0:149 Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. 28231174 0 77 from Pods 145:148 arg1 Extraction 36:45 Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction 16:45 Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction 16:45 Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. 28231174 0 77 from Pods 145:148 arg1 Characterization 60:75 Preliminary Characterization 48:75 Preliminary Characterization 48:75 Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. 28231174 0 77 from Pods 145:148 arg1 Activity 102:109 In Vitro Antioxidant Activity 81:109 In Vitro Antioxidant Activity 81:109 Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. 28231174 0 78 theme In 81:82 arg1 Activity 102:109 In Vitro Antioxidant Activity 81:109 In Vitro Antioxidant Activity 81:109 Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Preliminary Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Green Pea Pods. 28231174 1 79 theme optimization 342:353 arg1 technique 355:363 a numerical optimization technique 330:363 a numerical optimization technique 330:363 In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of green pea pod polysaccharide (GPPP) was investigated and optimized using a central composite response surface design coupled with a numerical optimization technique. 28231174 3 80 theme maximum 578:584 arg1 yield 597:601 The maximum extraction yield 574:601 The maximum extraction yield 574:601 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 3 81 theme predicted 873:881 arg1 value 883:887 the predicted value 869:887 the predicted value (7.20%) 869:895 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 3 81 theme predicted 873:881 arg1 % 894:894 7.20% 890:894 7.20% 890:894 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 28231174 2 82 theme ultrasonic 381:390 arg1 W 406:406 50-150 W 399:406 50-150 W 399:406 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. 28231174 2 82 theme ultrasonic 381:390 arg1 power 392:396 ultrasonic power 381:396 ultrasonic power (50-150 W) 381:407 The effects of ultrasonic power (50-150 W), sonication time (20-80 min), ratio of water to raw material (20:1-40:1 mL/g) and extraction temperature (40-80 °C) on polysaccharide extraction yield were studied. 28231174 3 83 theme 33.6:1 717:722 arg1 mL/g 724:727 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature 717:754 mL/g 724:727 The maximum extraction yield was obtained with a sonication power of 135.34 W, extraction time of 48.61 min, ratio of water to raw material of 33.6:1 mL/g and extraction temperature of 68.25 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 7.37% ± 0.13%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (7.20%). 25548287 8 0 theme target 1864:1869 arg1 cells 1871:1875 HSV-1-infected target cells 1849:1875 HSV-1-infected target cells 1849:1875 Because the GalNAc occupancy pattern is of relevance for receptor binding of gC-1, the data provide a model to delineate biosynthetic steps of O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells. 25548287 1 1 theme viral 234:238 arg1 interactions 249:260 viral receptor interactions 234:260 viral receptor interactions 234:260 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1, participating in viral receptor interactions and immunity interference, harbors a mucin-like domain with multiple clustered O-linked glycans. 25548287 8 2 link O-linked 1798:1805 arg1 glycosylation 1807:1819 O-linked glycosylation 1798:1819 O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells 1798:1875 Because the GalNAc occupancy pattern is of relevance for receptor binding of gC-1, the data provide a model to delineate biosynthetic steps of O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells. 25548287 7 3 theme susceptible 1489:1499 arg1 Ser 1501:1503 the susceptible Ser 1485:1503 the susceptible Ser 1485:1503 Essentially all of the susceptible Ser or Thr residues had to acquire their GalNAc units before any elongation to longer O-linked glycans of the gC-1-associated GalNAc units was permitted. 25548287 1 4 with domain 310:315 arg1 glycans 350:356 multiple clustered O-linked glycans 322:356 multiple clustered O-linked glycans 322:356 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1, participating in viral receptor interactions and immunity interference, harbors a mucin-like domain with multiple clustered O-linked glycans. 25548287 6 5 theme expression 1176:1185 arg1 patterns 1187:1194 The expression patterns 1172:1194 The expression patterns of GalNAc transferases in the infected cells 1172:1239 The expression patterns of GalNAc transferases in the infected cells suggested that initial additions of GalNAc were carried out by initiating GalNAc transferases, in particular GalNAc-T2, whereas subsequent GalNAc additions were carried out by followup transferases, in particular GalNAc-T10. 25548287 0 6 link O-linked 0:7 arg1 glycosylation 9:21 O-linked glycosylation 0:21 O-linked glycosylation of the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 0:103 O-linked glycosylation of the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 is temporally regulated in a seed-and-spread manner. 25548287 6 7 theme initial 1256:1262 arg1 additions 1264:1272 initial additions 1256:1272 initial additions of GalNAc 1256:1282 The expression patterns of GalNAc transferases in the infected cells suggested that initial additions of GalNAc were carried out by initiating GalNAc transferases, in particular GalNAc-T2, whereas subsequent GalNAc additions were carried out by followup transferases, in particular GalNAc-T10. 25548287 0 8 theme O-linked 0:7 arg1 glycosylation 9:21 O-linked glycosylation 0:21 O-linked glycosylation of the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 0:103 O-linked glycosylation of the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 is temporally regulated in a seed-and-spread manner. 25548287 8 9 theme gC-1 1732:1735 arg1 binding 1721:1727 receptor binding 1712:1727 receptor binding of gC-1 1712:1735 Because the GalNAc occupancy pattern is of relevance for receptor binding of gC-1, the data provide a model to delineate biosynthetic steps of O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells. 25548287 1 10 theme simplex 169:175 arg1 type 183:186 herpes simplex virus type 1 162:188 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1 158:214 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1, participating in viral receptor interactions and immunity interference, harbors a mucin-like domain with multiple clustered O-linked glycans. 25548287 1 10 theme simplex 169:175 arg1 HSV-1 191:195 HSV-1 191:195 HSV-1 191:195 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1, participating in viral receptor interactions and immunity interference, harbors a mucin-like domain with multiple clustered O-linked glycans. 25548287 1 11 theme type 183:186 arg1 gC-1 211:214 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1 158:214 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1 158:214 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1, participating in viral receptor interactions and immunity interference, harbors a mucin-like domain with multiple clustered O-linked glycans. 25548287 2 12 theme biosynthetic 544:555 arg1 intermediates 557:569 its biosynthetic intermediates 540:569 its biosynthetic intermediates 540:569 Using HSV-1-infected diploid human fibroblasts, an authentic target for HSV-1 infection, and a protein immunoaffinity procedure, we enriched fully glycosylated gC-1 and a series of its biosynthetic intermediates. 25548287 5 13 theme orderly 863:869 arg1 manner 871:876 an orderly manner 860:876 an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101 860:1003 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 8 14 from steps 1789:1793 arg1 cells 1871:1875 HSV-1-infected target cells 1849:1875 HSV-1-infected target cells 1849:1875 Because the GalNAc occupancy pattern is of relevance for receptor binding of gC-1, the data provide a model to delineate biosynthetic steps of O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells. 25548287 3 15 theme trypsin 603:609 arg1 digestion 611:619 trypsin digestion 603:619 trypsin digestion 603:619 This fraction was subjected to trypsin digestion and a LC-MS/MS glycoproteomics approach. 25548287 7 16 theme units 1634:1638 arg1 glycans 1596:1602 longer O-linked glycans 1580:1602 longer O-linked glycans of the gC-1-associated GalNAc units 1580:1638 Essentially all of the susceptible Ser or Thr residues had to acquire their GalNAc units before any elongation to longer O-linked glycans of the gC-1-associated GalNAc units was permitted. 25548287 0 17 theme seed-and-spread 134:148 arg1 manner 150:155 a seed-and-spread manner 132:155 a seed-and-spread manner 132:155 O-linked glycosylation of the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 is temporally regulated in a seed-and-spread manner. 25548287 7 18 theme gC-1-associated 1611:1625 arg1 units 1634:1638 the gC-1-associated GalNAc units 1607:1638 the gC-1-associated GalNAc units 1607:1638 Essentially all of the susceptible Ser or Thr residues had to acquire their GalNAc units before any elongation to longer O-linked glycans of the gC-1-associated GalNAc units was permitted. 25548287 6 19 theme transferases 1206:1217 arg1 patterns 1187:1194 The expression patterns 1172:1194 The expression patterns of GalNAc transferases in the infected cells 1172:1239 The expression patterns of GalNAc transferases in the infected cells suggested that initial additions of GalNAc were carried out by initiating GalNAc transferases, in particular GalNAc-T2, whereas subsequent GalNAc additions were carried out by followup transferases, in particular GalNAc-T10. 25548287 6 20 from transferases 1426:1437 arg1 GalNAc-T10 1454:1463 particular GalNAc-T10 1443:1463 particular GalNAc-T10 1443:1463 The expression patterns of GalNAc transferases in the infected cells suggested that initial additions of GalNAc were carried out by initiating GalNAc transferases, in particular GalNAc-T2, whereas subsequent GalNAc additions were carried out by followup transferases, in particular GalNAc-T10. 25548287 3 21 theme LC-MS/MS 627:634 arg1 approach 652:659 a LC-MS/MS glycoproteomics approach 625:659 a LC-MS/MS glycoproteomics approach 625:659 This fraction was subjected to trypsin digestion and a LC-MS/MS glycoproteomics approach. 25548287 4 22 theme expression 696:705 arg1 patterns 707:714 the expression patterns 692:714 the expression patterns of the 20 isoforms of human GalNAc transferases responsible for initiation of O-linked glycosylation 692:815 In parallel, we characterized the expression patterns of the 20 isoforms of human GalNAc transferases responsible for initiation of O-linked glycosylation. 25548287 0 23 theme herpes 50:55 arg1 type 71:74 herpes simplex virus type 50:74 the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 46:103 O-linked glycosylation of the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 is temporally regulated in a seed-and-spread manner. 25548287 8 24 theme O-linked 1798:1805 arg1 glycosylation 1807:1819 O-linked glycosylation 1798:1819 O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells 1798:1875 Because the GalNAc occupancy pattern is of relevance for receptor binding of gC-1, the data provide a model to delineate biosynthetic steps of O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells. 25548287 5 25 theme GalNAc 919:924 arg1 unit 926:929 one GalNAc unit 915:929 one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 915:955 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 7 26 theme O-linked 1587:1594 arg1 glycans 1596:1602 longer O-linked glycans 1580:1602 longer O-linked glycans of the gC-1-associated GalNAc units 1580:1638 Essentially all of the susceptible Ser or Thr residues had to acquire their GalNAc units before any elongation to longer O-linked glycans of the gC-1-associated GalNAc units was permitted. 25548287 6 27 from patterns 1187:1194 arg1 cells 1235:1239 the infected cells 1222:1239 the infected cells 1222:1239 The expression patterns of GalNAc transferases in the infected cells suggested that initial additions of GalNAc were carried out by initiating GalNAc transferases, in particular GalNAc-T2, whereas subsequent GalNAc additions were carried out by followup transferases, in particular GalNAc-T10. 25548287 0 28 theme virus 65:69 arg1 type 71:74 herpes simplex virus type 50:74 the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 46:103 O-linked glycosylation of the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 is temporally regulated in a seed-and-spread manner. 25548287 1 29 theme clustered 331:339 arg1 glycans 350:356 multiple clustered O-linked glycans 322:356 multiple clustered O-linked glycans 322:356 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1, participating in viral receptor interactions and immunity interference, harbors a mucin-like domain with multiple clustered O-linked glycans. 25548287 5 30 theme each 931:934 arg1 unit 926:929 one GalNAc unit 915:929 one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 915:955 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 0 31 theme 1-specific 76:85 arg1 gC-1 100:103 the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 46:103 the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 46:103 O-linked glycosylation of the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 is temporally regulated in a seed-and-spread manner. 25548287 5 32 theme selected 1091:1098 arg1 stretch 1143:1149 the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch 1124:1149 the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain 1124:1169 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 5 32 theme selected 1091:1098 arg1 residues 1112:1119 selected Ser and Thr residues 1091:1119 selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain 1091:1169 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 8 33 theme gC-1 1828:1831 arg1 domain 1839:1844 the gC-1 mucin domain 1824:1844 the gC-1 mucin domain 1824:1844 Because the GalNAc occupancy pattern is of relevance for receptor binding of gC-1, the data provide a model to delineate biosynthetic steps of O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells. 25548287 8 34 from glycosylation 1807:1819 arg1 cells 1871:1875 HSV-1-infected target cells 1849:1875 HSV-1-infected target cells 1849:1875 Because the GalNAc occupancy pattern is of relevance for receptor binding of gC-1, the data provide a model to delineate biosynthetic steps of O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells. 25548287 4 35 theme O-linked 794:801 arg1 glycosylation 803:815 O-linked glycosylation 794:815 O-linked glycosylation 794:815 In parallel, we characterized the expression patterns of the 20 isoforms of human GalNAc transferases responsible for initiation of O-linked glycosylation. 25548287 0 36 theme gC-1 100:103 arg1 domain 36:41 the mucin domain 26:41 the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 26:103 O-linked glycosylation of the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 is temporally regulated in a seed-and-spread manner. 25548287 0 36 theme gC-1 100:103 arg1 gC-1 100:103 the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 46:103 the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 46:103 O-linked glycosylation of the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 is temporally regulated in a seed-and-spread manner. 25548287 8 37 theme domain 1839:1844 arg1 glycosylation 1807:1819 O-linked glycosylation 1798:1819 O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells 1798:1875 Because the GalNAc occupancy pattern is of relevance for receptor binding of gC-1, the data provide a model to delineate biosynthetic steps of O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells. 25548287 5 38 gly glycopeptide 1021:1032 arg2 glycopeptide 1021:1032 a core glycopeptide 1014:1032 a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues 1014:1086 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 7 39 link O-linked 1587:1594 arg1 glycans 1596:1602 longer O-linked glycans 1580:1602 longer O-linked glycans of the gC-1-associated GalNAc units 1580:1638 Essentially all of the susceptible Ser or Thr residues had to acquire their GalNAc units before any elongation to longer O-linked glycans of the gC-1-associated GalNAc units was permitted. 25548287 4 40 theme GalNAc 744:749 arg1 transferases 751:762 human GalNAc transferases 738:762 human GalNAc transferases responsible for initiation of O-linked glycosylation 738:815 In parallel, we characterized the expression patterns of the 20 isoforms of human GalNAc transferases responsible for initiation of O-linked glycosylation. 25548287 2 41 theme human 388:392 arg1 fibroblasts 394:404 HSV-1-infected diploid human fibroblasts 365:404 HSV-1-infected diploid human fibroblasts 365:404 Using HSV-1-infected diploid human fibroblasts, an authentic target for HSV-1 infection, and a protein immunoaffinity procedure, we enriched fully glycosylated gC-1 and a series of its biosynthetic intermediates. 25548287 6 42 theme particular 1443:1452 arg1 GalNAc-T10 1454:1463 particular GalNAc-T10 1443:1463 particular GalNAc-T10 1443:1463 The expression patterns of GalNAc transferases in the infected cells suggested that initial additions of GalNAc were carried out by initiating GalNAc transferases, in particular GalNAc-T2, whereas subsequent GalNAc additions were carried out by followup transferases, in particular GalNAc-T10. 25548287 5 43 theme domain 1164:1169 arg1 stretch 1143:1149 the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch 1124:1149 the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain 1124:1169 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 8 44 theme HSV-1-infected 1849:1862 arg1 cells 1871:1875 HSV-1-infected target cells 1849:1875 HSV-1-infected target cells 1849:1875 Because the GalNAc occupancy pattern is of relevance for receptor binding of gC-1, the data provide a model to delineate biosynthetic steps of O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells. 25548287 0 45 gly glycoprotein 87:98 arg1 glycoprotein 87:98 the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 46:103 the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 46:103 O-linked glycosylation of the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 is temporally regulated in a seed-and-spread manner. 25548287 4 46 theme responsible 764:774 arg1 transferases 751:762 human GalNAc transferases 738:762 human GalNAc transferases responsible for initiation of O-linked glycosylation 738:815 In parallel, we characterized the expression patterns of the 20 isoforms of human GalNAc transferases responsible for initiation of O-linked glycosylation. 25548287 1 47 link O-linked 341:348 arg1 glycans 350:356 multiple clustered O-linked glycans 322:356 multiple clustered O-linked glycans 322:356 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1, participating in viral receptor interactions and immunity interference, harbors a mucin-like domain with multiple clustered O-linked glycans. 25548287 7 48 dep Ser 1501:1503 arg1 residues 1512:1519 residues 1512:1519 residues 1512:1519 Essentially all of the susceptible Ser or Thr residues had to acquire their GalNAc units before any elongation to longer O-linked glycans of the gC-1-associated GalNAc units was permitted. 25548287 7 49 theme GalNAc 1542:1547 arg1 units 1549:1553 their GalNAc units 1536:1553 their GalNAc units 1536:1553 Essentially all of the susceptible Ser or Thr residues had to acquire their GalNAc units before any elongation to longer O-linked glycans of the gC-1-associated GalNAc units was permitted. 25548287 5 50 theme unit 972:975 arg1 addition 903:910 synchronous addition 891:910 synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101 891:1003 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 2 51 theme authentic 410:418 arg1 target 420:425 an authentic target 407:425 an authentic target for HSV-1 infection 407:445 Using HSV-1-infected diploid human fibroblasts, an authentic target for HSV-1 infection, and a protein immunoaffinity procedure, we enriched fully glycosylated gC-1 and a series of its biosynthetic intermediates. 25548287 6 52 theme followup 1417:1424 arg1 transferases 1426:1437 followup transferases 1417:1437 followup transferases 1417:1437 The expression patterns of GalNAc transferases in the infected cells suggested that initial additions of GalNAc were carried out by initiating GalNAc transferases, in particular GalNAc-T2, whereas subsequent GalNAc additions were carried out by followup transferases, in particular GalNAc-T10. 25548287 5 53 theme stretch 1143:1149 arg1 stretch 1143:1149 the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch 1124:1149 the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain 1124:1169 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 5 53 theme stretch 1143:1149 arg1 residues 1112:1119 selected Ser and Thr residues 1091:1119 selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain 1091:1169 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 0 54 theme mucin 30:34 arg1 domain 36:41 the mucin domain 26:41 the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 26:103 O-linked glycosylation of the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 is temporally regulated in a seed-and-spread manner. 25548287 0 54 theme mucin 30:34 arg1 gC-1 100:103 the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 46:103 the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 46:103 O-linked glycosylation of the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 is temporally regulated in a seed-and-spread manner. 25548287 0 55 gly glycosylation 9:21 arg1 manner 150:155 a seed-and-spread manner 132:155 a seed-and-spread manner 132:155 O-linked glycosylation of the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 is temporally regulated in a seed-and-spread manner. 25548287 0 55 gly glycosylation 9:21 arg1 gC-1 100:103 the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 46:103 the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 46:103 O-linked glycosylation of the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 is temporally regulated in a seed-and-spread manner. 25548287 0 55 gly glycosylation 9:21 arg1 domain 36:41 the mucin domain 26:41 the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 26:103 O-linked glycosylation of the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 is temporally regulated in a seed-and-spread manner. 25548287 2 56 theme protein 454:460 arg1 procedure 477:485 a protein immunoaffinity procedure 452:485 a protein immunoaffinity procedure 452:485 Using HSV-1-infected diploid human fibroblasts, an authentic target for HSV-1 infection, and a protein immunoaffinity procedure, we enriched fully glycosylated gC-1 and a series of its biosynthetic intermediates. 25548287 5 57 theme gC-1 822:825 arg1 O-glycosylation 827:841 The gC-1 O-glycosylation 818:841 The gC-1 O-glycosylation 818:841 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 1 58 theme mucin-like 299:308 arg1 domain 310:315 a mucin-like domain 297:315 a mucin-like domain with multiple clustered O-linked glycans 297:356 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1, participating in viral receptor interactions and immunity interference, harbors a mucin-like domain with multiple clustered O-linked glycans. 25548287 5 59 theme subsequent 1038:1047 arg1 additions 1049:1057 subsequent additions 1038:1057 subsequent additions of 1038:1060 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 1 60 theme glycoprotein 198:209 arg1 gC-1 211:214 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1 158:214 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1 158:214 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1, participating in viral receptor interactions and immunity interference, harbors a mucin-like domain with multiple clustered O-linked glycans. 25548287 2 61 theme HSV-1-infected 365:378 arg1 fibroblasts 394:404 HSV-1-infected diploid human fibroblasts 365:404 HSV-1-infected diploid human fibroblasts 365:404 Using HSV-1-infected diploid human fibroblasts, an authentic target for HSV-1 infection, and a protein immunoaffinity procedure, we enriched fully glycosylated gC-1 and a series of its biosynthetic intermediates. 25548287 5 62 theme synchronous 891:901 arg1 addition 903:910 synchronous addition 891:910 synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101 891:1003 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 6 63 theme GalNAc 1277:1282 arg1 additions 1264:1272 initial additions 1256:1272 initial additions of GalNAc 1256:1282 The expression patterns of GalNAc transferases in the infected cells suggested that initial additions of GalNAc were carried out by initiating GalNAc transferases, in particular GalNAc-T2, whereas subsequent GalNAc additions were carried out by followup transferases, in particular GalNAc-T10. 25548287 1 64 theme receptor 240:247 arg1 interactions 249:260 viral receptor interactions 234:260 viral receptor interactions 234:260 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1, participating in viral receptor interactions and immunity interference, harbors a mucin-like domain with multiple clustered O-linked glycans. 25548287 8 65 theme receptor 1712:1719 arg1 binding 1721:1727 receptor binding 1712:1727 receptor binding of gC-1 1712:1735 Because the GalNAc occupancy pattern is of relevance for receptor binding of gC-1, the data provide a model to delineate biosynthetic steps of O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells. 25548287 1 66 theme herpes 162:167 arg1 type 183:186 herpes simplex virus type 1 162:188 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1 158:214 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1, participating in viral receptor interactions and immunity interference, harbors a mucin-like domain with multiple clustered O-linked glycans. 25548287 1 66 theme herpes 162:167 arg1 HSV-1 191:195 HSV-1 191:195 HSV-1 191:195 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1, participating in viral receptor interactions and immunity interference, harbors a mucin-like domain with multiple clustered O-linked glycans. 25548287 6 67 theme GalNAc 1380:1385 arg1 additions 1387:1395 subsequent GalNAc additions 1369:1395 subsequent GalNAc additions 1369:1395 The expression patterns of GalNAc transferases in the infected cells suggested that initial additions of GalNAc were carried out by initiating GalNAc transferases, in particular GalNAc-T2, whereas subsequent GalNAc additions were carried out by followup transferases, in particular GalNAc-T10. 25548287 1 68 theme virus 177:181 arg1 type 183:186 herpes simplex virus type 1 162:188 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1 158:214 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1, participating in viral receptor interactions and immunity interference, harbors a mucin-like domain with multiple clustered O-linked glycans. 25548287 1 68 theme virus 177:181 arg1 HSV-1 191:195 HSV-1 191:195 HSV-1 191:195 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1, participating in viral receptor interactions and immunity interference, harbors a mucin-like domain with multiple clustered O-linked glycans. 25548287 6 69 theme particular 1339:1348 arg1 GalNAc-T2 1350:1358 particular GalNAc-T2 1339:1358 particular GalNAc-T2 1339:1358 The expression patterns of GalNAc transferases in the infected cells suggested that initial additions of GalNAc were carried out by initiating GalNAc transferases, in particular GalNAc-T2, whereas subsequent GalNAc additions were carried out by followup transferases, in particular GalNAc-T10. 25548287 5 70 theme GalNAc 1072:1077 arg1 residues 1079:1086 all 11 GalNAc residues 1065:1086 all 11 GalNAc residues 1065:1086 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 5 71 from glycopeptide 1021:1032 arg1 residues 1079:1086 all 11 GalNAc residues 1065:1086 all 11 GalNAc residues 1065:1086 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 7 72 theme GalNAc 1627:1632 arg1 units 1634:1638 the gC-1-associated GalNAc units 1607:1638 the gC-1-associated GalNAc units 1607:1638 Essentially all of the susceptible Ser or Thr residues had to acquire their GalNAc units before any elongation to longer O-linked glycans of the gC-1-associated GalNAc units was permitted. 25548287 6 73 theme infected 1226:1233 arg1 cells 1235:1239 the infected cells 1222:1239 the infected cells 1222:1239 The expression patterns of GalNAc transferases in the infected cells suggested that initial additions of GalNAc were carried out by initiating GalNAc transferases, in particular GalNAc-T2, whereas subsequent GalNAc additions were carried out by followup transferases, in particular GalNAc-T10. 25548287 6 74 theme subsequent 1369:1378 arg1 additions 1387:1395 subsequent GalNAc additions 1369:1395 subsequent GalNAc additions 1369:1395 The expression patterns of GalNAc transferases in the infected cells suggested that initial additions of GalNAc were carried out by initiating GalNAc transferases, in particular GalNAc-T2, whereas subsequent GalNAc additions were carried out by followup transferases, in particular GalNAc-T10. 25548287 6 75 theme GalNAc 1315:1320 arg1 transferases 1322:1333 GalNAc transferases 1315:1333 GalNAc transferases 1315:1333 The expression patterns of GalNAc transferases in the infected cells suggested that initial additions of GalNAc were carried out by initiating GalNAc transferases, in particular GalNAc-T2, whereas subsequent GalNAc additions were carried out by followup transferases, in particular GalNAc-T10. 25548287 5 76 theme Thr-76-Lys-107 1128:1141 arg1 stretch 1143:1149 the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch 1124:1149 the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain 1124:1169 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 8 77 theme glycosylation 1807:1819 arg1 steps 1789:1793 biosynthetic steps 1776:1793 biosynthetic steps of O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells 1776:1875 Because the GalNAc occupancy pattern is of relevance for receptor binding of gC-1, the data provide a model to delineate biosynthetic steps of O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells. 25548287 2 78 theme intermediates 557:569 arg1 gC-1 519:522 fully glycosylated gC-1 500:522 fully glycosylated gC-1 500:522 Using HSV-1-infected diploid human fibroblasts, an authentic target for HSV-1 infection, and a protein immunoaffinity procedure, we enriched fully glycosylated gC-1 and a series of its biosynthetic intermediates. 25548287 2 78 theme intermediates 557:569 arg1 series 530:535 a series 528:535 a series of its biosynthetic intermediates 528:569 Using HSV-1-infected diploid human fibroblasts, an authentic target for HSV-1 infection, and a protein immunoaffinity procedure, we enriched fully glycosylated gC-1 and a series of its biosynthetic intermediates. 25548287 6 79 theme GalNAc 1199:1204 arg1 transferases 1206:1217 GalNAc transferases 1199:1217 GalNAc transferases in the infected cells 1199:1239 The expression patterns of GalNAc transferases in the infected cells suggested that initial additions of GalNAc were carried out by initiating GalNAc transferases, in particular GalNAc-T2, whereas subsequent GalNAc additions were carried out by followup transferases, in particular GalNAc-T10. 25548287 4 80 theme isoforms 726:733 arg1 patterns 707:714 the expression patterns 692:714 the expression patterns of the 20 isoforms of human GalNAc transferases responsible for initiation of O-linked glycosylation 692:815 In parallel, we characterized the expression patterns of the 20 isoforms of human GalNAc transferases responsible for initiation of O-linked glycosylation. 25548287 6 81 from cells 1235:1239 arg1 patterns 1187:1194 The expression patterns 1172:1194 The expression patterns of GalNAc transferases in the infected cells 1172:1239 The expression patterns of GalNAc transferases in the infected cells suggested that initial additions of GalNAc were carried out by initiating GalNAc transferases, in particular GalNAc-T2, whereas subsequent GalNAc additions were carried out by followup transferases, in particular GalNAc-T10. 25548287 0 82 theme simplex 57:63 arg1 type 71:74 herpes simplex virus type 50:74 the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 46:103 O-linked glycosylation of the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 is temporally regulated in a seed-and-spread manner. 25548287 8 83 theme biosynthetic 1776:1787 arg1 steps 1789:1793 biosynthetic steps 1776:1793 biosynthetic steps of O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells 1776:1875 Because the GalNAc occupancy pattern is of relevance for receptor binding of gC-1, the data provide a model to delineate biosynthetic steps of O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells. 25548287 0 84 theme type 71:74 arg1 gC-1 100:103 the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 46:103 the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 46:103 O-linked glycosylation of the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 is temporally regulated in a seed-and-spread manner. 25548287 1 85 theme multiple 322:329 arg1 glycans 350:356 multiple clustered O-linked glycans 322:356 multiple clustered O-linked glycans 322:356 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1, participating in viral receptor interactions and immunity interference, harbors a mucin-like domain with multiple clustered O-linked glycans. 25548287 5 86 theme unit 926:929 arg1 addition 903:910 synchronous addition 891:910 synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101 891:1003 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 6 87 from transferases 1206:1217 arg1 cells 1235:1239 the infected cells 1222:1239 the infected cells 1222:1239 The expression patterns of GalNAc transferases in the infected cells suggested that initial additions of GalNAc were carried out by initiating GalNAc transferases, in particular GalNAc-T2, whereas subsequent GalNAc additions were carried out by followup transferases, in particular GalNAc-T10. 25548287 0 88 theme glycoprotein 87:98 arg1 gC-1 100:103 the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 46:103 the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 46:103 O-linked glycosylation of the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 is temporally regulated in a seed-and-spread manner. 25548287 1 89 theme O-linked 341:348 arg1 glycans 350:356 multiple clustered O-linked glycans 322:356 multiple clustered O-linked glycans 322:356 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1, participating in viral receptor interactions and immunity interference, harbors a mucin-like domain with multiple clustered O-linked glycans. 25548287 1 90 gly glycoprotein 198:209 arg1 glycoprotein 198:209 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1 158:214 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1 158:214 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1, participating in viral receptor interactions and immunity interference, harbors a mucin-like domain with multiple clustered O-linked glycans. 25548287 5 91 theme Ser 1100:1102 arg1 stretch 1143:1149 the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch 1124:1149 the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain 1124:1169 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 5 91 theme Ser 1100:1102 arg1 residues 1112:1119 selected Ser and Thr residues 1091:1119 selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain 1091:1169 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 2 92 gly glycosylated 506:517 arg1 gC-1 519:522 fully glycosylated gC-1 500:522 fully glycosylated gC-1 500:522 Using HSV-1-infected diploid human fibroblasts, an authentic target for HSV-1 infection, and a protein immunoaffinity procedure, we enriched fully glycosylated gC-1 and a series of its biosynthetic intermediates. 25548287 2 93 theme glycosylated 506:517 arg1 gC-1 519:522 fully glycosylated gC-1 500:522 fully glycosylated gC-1 500:522 Using HSV-1-infected diploid human fibroblasts, an authentic target for HSV-1 infection, and a protein immunoaffinity procedure, we enriched fully glycosylated gC-1 and a series of its biosynthetic intermediates. 25548287 5 94 theme Thr 1108:1110 arg1 stretch 1143:1149 the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch 1124:1149 the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain 1124:1169 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 5 94 theme Thr 1108:1110 arg1 residues 1112:1119 selected Ser and Thr residues 1091:1119 selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain 1091:1169 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 8 95 theme mucin 1833:1837 arg1 domain 1839:1844 the gC-1 mucin domain 1824:1844 the gC-1 mucin domain 1824:1844 Because the GalNAc occupancy pattern is of relevance for receptor binding of gC-1, the data provide a model to delineate biosynthetic steps of O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells. 25548287 4 96 theme human 738:742 arg1 transferases 751:762 human GalNAc transferases 738:762 human GalNAc transferases responsible for initiation of O-linked glycosylation 738:815 In parallel, we characterized the expression patterns of the 20 isoforms of human GalNAc transferases responsible for initiation of O-linked glycosylation. 25548287 2 97 theme diploid 380:386 arg1 fibroblasts 394:404 HSV-1-infected diploid human fibroblasts 365:404 HSV-1-infected diploid human fibroblasts 365:404 Using HSV-1-infected diploid human fibroblasts, an authentic target for HSV-1 infection, and a protein immunoaffinity procedure, we enriched fully glycosylated gC-1 and a series of its biosynthetic intermediates. 25548287 1 98 theme immunity 266:273 arg1 interference 275:286 immunity interference 266:286 immunity interference 266:286 The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC-1, participating in viral receptor interactions and immunity interference, harbors a mucin-like domain with multiple clustered O-linked glycans. 25548287 5 99 theme GalNAc 965:970 arg1 unit 972:975 one GalNAc unit 961:975 one GalNAc unit 961:975 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 2 100 theme HSV-1 431:435 arg1 infection 437:445 HSV-1 infection 431:445 HSV-1 infection 431:445 Using HSV-1-infected diploid human fibroblasts, an authentic target for HSV-1 infection, and a protein immunoaffinity procedure, we enriched fully glycosylated gC-1 and a series of its biosynthetic intermediates. 25548287 8 101 from cells 1871:1875 arg1 steps 1789:1793 biosynthetic steps 1776:1793 biosynthetic steps of O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells 1776:1875 Because the GalNAc occupancy pattern is of relevance for receptor binding of gC-1, the data provide a model to delineate biosynthetic steps of O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells. 25548287 4 102 theme transferases 751:762 arg1 isoforms 726:733 the 20 isoforms 719:733 the 20 isoforms of human GalNAc transferases responsible for initiation of O-linked glycosylation 719:815 In parallel, we characterized the expression patterns of the 20 isoforms of human GalNAc transferases responsible for initiation of O-linked glycosylation. 25548287 0 103 theme domain 36:41 arg1 glycosylation 9:21 O-linked glycosylation 0:21 O-linked glycosylation of the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 0:103 O-linked glycosylation of the mucin domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1-specific glycoprotein gC-1 is temporally regulated in a seed-and-spread manner. 25548287 5 104 theme core 1016:1019 arg1 glycopeptide 1021:1032 a core glycopeptide 1014:1032 a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues 1014:1086 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 8 105 theme occupancy 1674:1682 arg1 pattern 1684:1690 the GalNAc occupancy pattern 1663:1690 the GalNAc occupancy pattern 1663:1690 Because the GalNAc occupancy pattern is of relevance for receptor binding of gC-1, the data provide a model to delineate biosynthetic steps of O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells. 25548287 2 106 theme immunoaffinity 462:475 arg1 procedure 477:485 a protein immunoaffinity procedure 452:485 a protein immunoaffinity procedure 452:485 Using HSV-1-infected diploid human fibroblasts, an authentic target for HSV-1 infection, and a protein immunoaffinity procedure, we enriched fully glycosylated gC-1 and a series of its biosynthetic intermediates. 25548287 3 107 theme glycoproteomics 636:650 arg1 approach 652:659 a LC-MS/MS glycoproteomics approach 625:659 a LC-MS/MS glycoproteomics approach 625:659 This fraction was subjected to trypsin digestion and a LC-MS/MS glycoproteomics approach. 25548287 5 108 gly O-glycosylation 827:841 arg1 manner 871:876 an orderly manner 860:876 an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101 860:1003 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 4 109 link O-linked 794:801 arg1 glycosylation 803:815 O-linked glycosylation 794:815 O-linked glycosylation 794:815 In parallel, we characterized the expression patterns of the 20 isoforms of human GalNAc transferases responsible for initiation of O-linked glycosylation. 25548287 8 110 theme GalNAc 1667:1672 arg1 pattern 1684:1690 the GalNAc occupancy pattern 1663:1690 the GalNAc occupancy pattern 1663:1690 Because the GalNAc occupancy pattern is of relevance for receptor binding of gC-1, the data provide a model to delineate biosynthetic steps of O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells. 25548287 5 111 theme mucin 1158:1162 arg1 domain 1164:1169 the mucin domain 1154:1169 the mucin domain 1154:1169 The gC-1 O-glycosylation was regulated in an orderly manner initiated by synchronous addition of one GalNAc unit each to Thr-87 and Thr-91 and one GalNAc unit to either Thr-99 or Thr-101, forming a core glycopeptide for subsequent additions of in all 11 GalNAc residues to selected Ser and Thr residues of the Thr-76-Lys-107 stretch of the mucin domain. 25548287 4 112 theme glycosylation 803:815 arg1 initiation 780:789 initiation 780:789 initiation of O-linked glycosylation 780:815 In parallel, we characterized the expression patterns of the 20 isoforms of human GalNAc transferases responsible for initiation of O-linked glycosylation. 25548287 8 113 gly glycosylation 1807:1819 arg1 domain 1839:1844 the gC-1 mucin domain 1824:1844 the gC-1 mucin domain 1824:1844 Because the GalNAc occupancy pattern is of relevance for receptor binding of gC-1, the data provide a model to delineate biosynthetic steps of O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells. 25548287 8 113 gly glycosylation 1807:1819 arg1 cells 1871:1875 HSV-1-infected target cells 1849:1875 HSV-1-infected target cells 1849:1875 Because the GalNAc occupancy pattern is of relevance for receptor binding of gC-1, the data provide a model to delineate biosynthetic steps of O-linked glycosylation of the gC-1 mucin domain in HSV-1-infected target cells. 28669142 9 0 theme trait 1440:1444 arg1 QTL 1453:1455 QTL 1453:1455 QTL 1453:1455 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 9 0 theme trait 1440:1444 arg1 locus 1446:1450 X chromosome quantitative trait locus 1414:1450 X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) 1414:1456 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 4 1 theme Chinese 581:587 arg1 pigs 589:592 European and Chinese pigs 568:592 pigs 589:592 METHODS Pigs were tested initially for polymorphism in OGT among European and Chinese pigs by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). 28669142 2 2 theme stimulating 363:373 arg1 level 383:387 follicle stimulating hormone level 354:387 follicle stimulating hormone level 354:387 Pig OGT is located near the region of chromosome X that affects follicle stimulating hormone level and testes size. 28669142 13 3 theme QTL 1876:1878 arg1 origin 1853:1858 origin 1853:1858 origin of X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs 1853:1938 This polymorphism could be a useful marker to identify the breed of origin of X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs. 28669142 6 4 dep RESULTS 877:883 arg1 514 941:943 514 941:943 514 941:943 RESULTS The intron 20 of OGT from European and Chinese pigs was 514 and 233 bp, respectively, in the pigs tested initially. 28669142 6 4 dep RESULTS 877:883 arg1 bp 953:954 233 bp 949:954 233 bp 949:954 RESULTS The intron 20 of OGT from European and Chinese pigs was 514 and 233 bp, respectively, in the pigs tested initially. 28669142 6 4 dep RESULTS 877:883 arg1 intron 889:894 intron 20 889:897 The intron 20 of OGT from European and Chinese pigs 885:935 RESULTS The intron 20 of OGT from European and Chinese pigs was 514 and 233 bp, respectively, in the pigs tested initially. 28669142 9 5 theme parents 1367:1373 arg1 mating 1345:1350 mating 1345:1350 mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents 1345:1373 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 4 6 from Center 671:676 arg1 sequencing 627:636 sequencing 627:636 sequencing 627:636 METHODS Pigs were tested initially for polymorphism in OGT among European and Chinese pigs by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). 28669142 4 6 from Center 671:676 arg1 reaction 614:621 polymerase chain reaction 597:621 polymerase chain reaction 597:621 METHODS Pigs were tested initially for polymorphism in OGT among European and Chinese pigs by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). 28669142 4 7 theme Animal 655:660 arg1 USMARC 679:684 USMARC 679:684 USMARC 679:684 METHODS Pigs were tested initially for polymorphism in OGT among European and Chinese pigs by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). 28669142 4 7 theme Animal 655:660 arg1 Center 671:676 the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center 641:676 the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC) 641:685 METHODS Pigs were tested initially for polymorphism in OGT among European and Chinese pigs by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). 28669142 13 8 from origin 1853:1858 arg1 pigs 1935:1938 European pigs 1926:1938 European pigs 1926:1938 This polymorphism could be a useful marker to identify the breed of origin of X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs. 28669142 13 8 from origin 1853:1858 arg1 pigs 1883:1886 pigs 1883:1886 pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese 1883:1920 This polymorphism could be a useful marker to identify the breed of origin of X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs. 28669142 7 9 theme White 1017:1021 arg1 WC 1034:1035 1 White composite (WC) 1015:1036 1 White composite (WC) boar 1015:1041 They included 1 White composite (WC) boar and 7 sows (2 Minzu×WC, 2 Duroc [DU]×WC, 2 ME×WC, 1 Fengzing×WC) at USMARC. 28669142 5 10 theme Animal 842:847 arg1 Institute 829:837 the National Institute 816:837 the National Institute of Animal 816:847 The polymorphism was also determined in an independent population of pigs including European and Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds at the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, RDA, Korea). 28669142 5 11 dep European 772:779 arg1 Science 849:855 Science 849:855 Science 849:855 The polymorphism was also determined in an independent population of pigs including European and Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds at the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, RDA, Korea). 28669142 11 12 dep position 1619:1626 arg1 cM 1631:1632 67 cM 1628:1632 position 67 cM 1619:1632 OGT was placed at position 67 cM on the chromosome X of the USMARC swine linkage map. 28669142 1 13 theme extensive 208:216 arg1 crosstalk 218:226 extensive crosstalk 208:226 extensive crosstalk with phosphorylation 208:247 OBJECTIVE O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc and GlcNAcylation has extensive crosstalk with phosphorylation to regulate signaling and transcription. 28669142 6 14 theme OGT 902:904 arg1 514 941:943 514 941:943 514 941:943 RESULTS The intron 20 of OGT from European and Chinese pigs was 514 and 233 bp, respectively, in the pigs tested initially. 28669142 6 14 theme OGT 902:904 arg1 intron 889:894 intron 20 889:897 The intron 20 of OGT from European and Chinese pigs 885:935 RESULTS The intron 20 of OGT from European and Chinese pigs was 514 and 233 bp, respectively, in the pigs tested initially. 28669142 4 15 theme U.S. 645:648 arg1 USMARC 679:684 USMARC 679:684 USMARC 679:684 METHODS Pigs were tested initially for polymorphism in OGT among European and Chinese pigs by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). 28669142 4 15 theme U.S. 645:648 arg1 Center 671:676 the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center 641:676 the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC) 641:685 METHODS Pigs were tested initially for polymorphism in OGT among European and Chinese pigs by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). 28669142 10 16 theme ME 1582:1583 arg1 breeds 1585:1590 ME breeds 1582:1590 ME breeds at NIAS 1582:1598 The polymorphism was determined in an independent population of pigs including DU, Landrace, Yorkshire, and ME breeds at NIAS. 28669142 11 17 theme linkage 1674:1680 arg1 map 1682:1684 the USMARC swine linkage map 1657:1684 the USMARC swine linkage map 1657:1684 OGT was placed at position 67 cM on the chromosome X of the USMARC swine linkage map. 28669142 0 18 theme N-acetylglucosamine 50:68 arg1 transferase 70:80 porcine O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 33:80 porcine O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 33:80 Polymorphism in the intron 20 of porcine O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase. 28669142 13 19 from pigs 1935:1938 arg1 origin 1853:1858 origin 1853:1858 origin of X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs 1853:1938 This polymorphism could be a useful marker to identify the breed of origin of X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs. 28669142 8 20 theme 276-bp 1164:1169 arg1 element 1171:1177 an inserted 276-bp element 1152:1177 an inserted 276-bp element 1152:1177 The 281-bp difference was due to an inserted 276-bp element and GACTT in European pigs. 28669142 12 21 with concordance 1717:1727 arg1 insertion 1738:1746 the insertion 1734:1746 the insertion 1734:1746 CONCLUSION There was complete concordance with the insertion in European pigs at USMARC and NIAS. 28669142 9 22 theme litters 1332:1338 arg1 boars 1320:1324 the 84 boars 1313:1324 the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents 1313:1373 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 9 22 theme litters 1332:1338 arg1 boars 1233:1237 additional WC and ME boars 1212:1237 additional WC and ME boars 1212:1237 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 9 22 theme litters 1332:1338 arg1 grandparents 1244:1255 the grandparents 1240:1255 the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents 1240:1306 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 0 23 from Polymorphism 0:11 arg1 intron 20:25 intron 20 20:28 the intron 20 of porcine O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 16:80 Polymorphism in the intron 20 of porcine O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase. 28669142 12 24 dep CONCLUSION 1687:1696 arg1 was 1704:1706 was 1704:1706 was complete concordance with the insertion in European pigs at USMARC and NIAS 1704:1782 CONCLUSION There was complete concordance with the insertion in European pigs at USMARC and NIAS. 28669142 6 25 theme Chinese 924:930 arg1 pigs 932:935 Chinese pigs 924:935 Chinese pigs 924:935 RESULTS The intron 20 of OGT from European and Chinese pigs was 514 and 233 bp, respectively, in the pigs tested initially. 28669142 6 26 from pigs 932:935 arg1 514 941:943 514 941:943 514 941:943 RESULTS The intron 20 of OGT from European and Chinese pigs was 514 and 233 bp, respectively, in the pigs tested initially. 28669142 6 26 from pigs 932:935 arg1 intron 889:894 intron 20 889:897 The intron 20 of OGT from European and Chinese pigs 885:935 RESULTS The intron 20 of OGT from European and Chinese pigs was 514 and 233 bp, respectively, in the pigs tested initially. 28669142 5 27 theme independent 731:741 arg1 population 743:752 an independent population 728:752 an independent population of pigs including European and Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds at the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, RDA, Korea) 728:874 The polymorphism was also determined in an independent population of pigs including European and Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds at the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, RDA, Korea). 28669142 1 28 theme OBJECTIVE 83:91 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 102:120 OBJECTIVE O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 83:120 OBJECTIVE O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) 83:149 OBJECTIVE O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc and GlcNAcylation has extensive crosstalk with phosphorylation to regulate signaling and transcription. 28669142 1 28 theme OBJECTIVE 83:91 arg1 O-GlcNAc 123:130 O-GlcNAc 123:130 O-GlcNAc 123:130 OBJECTIVE O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc and GlcNAcylation has extensive crosstalk with phosphorylation to regulate signaling and transcription. 28669142 6 29 from 514 941:943 arg1 pigs 978:981 the pigs 974:981 the pigs tested initially 974:998 RESULTS The intron 20 of OGT from European and Chinese pigs was 514 and 233 bp, respectively, in the pigs tested initially. 28669142 11 30 theme swine 1668:1672 arg1 map 1682:1684 the USMARC swine linkage map 1657:1684 the USMARC swine linkage map 1657:1684 OGT was placed at position 67 cM on the chromosome X of the USMARC swine linkage map. 28669142 11 31 theme chromosome 1641:1650 arg1 X 1652:1652 the chromosome X 1637:1652 the chromosome X of the USMARC swine linkage map 1637:1684 OGT was placed at position 67 cM on the chromosome X of the USMARC swine linkage map. 28669142 5 32 theme ME 802:803 arg1 breeds 806:811 Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds 785:811 Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds at the National Institute of Animal 785:847 The polymorphism was also determined in an independent population of pigs including European and Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds at the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, RDA, Korea). 28669142 1 33 theme N-acetylglucosamine 102:120 arg1 OGT 146:148 OGT 146:148 OGT 146:148 OBJECTIVE O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc and GlcNAcylation has extensive crosstalk with phosphorylation to regulate signaling and transcription. 28669142 1 33 theme N-acetylglucosamine 102:120 arg1 transferase 133:143 OBJECTIVE O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase 83:143 OBJECTIVE O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) 83:149 OBJECTIVE O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc and GlcNAcylation has extensive crosstalk with phosphorylation to regulate signaling and transcription. 28669142 10 34 from NIAS 1595:1598 arg1 Landrace 1557:1564 Landrace 1557:1564 Landrace 1557:1564 The polymorphism was determined in an independent population of pigs including DU, Landrace, Yorkshire, and ME breeds at NIAS. 28669142 10 34 from NIAS 1595:1598 arg1 DU 1553:1554 DU 1553:1554 DU 1553:1554 The polymorphism was determined in an independent population of pigs including DU, Landrace, Yorkshire, and ME breeds at NIAS. 28669142 10 34 from NIAS 1595:1598 arg1 Yorkshire 1567:1575 Yorkshire 1567:1575 Yorkshire 1567:1575 The polymorphism was determined in an independent population of pigs including DU, Landrace, Yorkshire, and ME breeds at NIAS. 28669142 10 34 from NIAS 1595:1598 arg1 breeds 1585:1590 ME breeds 1582:1590 ME breeds at NIAS 1582:1598 The polymorphism was determined in an independent population of pigs including DU, Landrace, Yorkshire, and ME breeds at NIAS. 28669142 3 35 theme OGT 464:466 arg1 variations 450:459 the variations 446:459 the variations of OGT between European and Chinese pigs 446:500 The objective of this study was to find the variations of OGT between European and Chinese pigs. 28669142 9 36 from grandparents 1244:1255 arg1 mating 1345:1350 mating 1345:1350 mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents 1345:1373 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 5 37 dep Science 849:855 arg1 RDA 864:866 RDA 864:866 RDA 864:866 The polymorphism was also determined in an independent population of pigs including European and Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds at the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, RDA, Korea). 28669142 5 37 dep Science 849:855 arg1 NIAS 858:861 NIAS 858:861 NIAS 858:861 The polymorphism was also determined in an independent population of pigs including European and Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds at the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, RDA, Korea). 28669142 5 37 dep Science 849:855 arg1 Korea 869:873 Korea 869:873 Korea 869:873 The polymorphism was also determined in an independent population of pigs including European and Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds at the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, RDA, Korea). 28669142 11 38 theme USMARC 1661:1666 arg1 map 1682:1684 the USMARC swine linkage map 1657:1684 the USMARC swine linkage map 1657:1684 OGT was placed at position 67 cM on the chromosome X of the USMARC swine linkage map. 28669142 12 39 from concordance 1717:1727 arg1 pigs 1760:1763 European pigs 1751:1763 European pigs 1751:1763 CONCLUSION There was complete concordance with the insertion in European pigs at USMARC and NIAS. 28669142 12 40 theme European 1751:1758 arg1 pigs 1760:1763 European pigs 1751:1763 European pigs 1751:1763 CONCLUSION There was complete concordance with the insertion in European pigs at USMARC and NIAS. 28669142 13 41 from QTL 1876:1878 arg1 pigs 1935:1938 European pigs 1926:1938 European pigs 1926:1938 This polymorphism could be a useful marker to identify the breed of origin of X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs. 28669142 13 41 from QTL 1876:1878 arg1 pigs 1883:1886 pigs 1883:1886 pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese 1883:1920 This polymorphism could be a useful marker to identify the breed of origin of X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs. 28669142 3 42 theme Chinese 489:495 arg1 pigs 497:500 Chinese pigs 489:500 Chinese pigs 489:500 The objective of this study was to find the variations of OGT between European and Chinese pigs. 28669142 5 43 theme Meishan 793:799 arg1 breeds 806:811 Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds 785:811 Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds at the National Institute of Animal 785:847 The polymorphism was also determined in an independent population of pigs including European and Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds at the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, RDA, Korea). 28669142 9 44 theme origin 1404:1409 arg1 breeds 1394:1399 the breeds 1390:1399 the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) 1390:1456 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 8 45 from GACTT 1183:1187 arg1 pigs 1201:1204 European pigs 1192:1204 European pigs 1192:1204 The 281-bp difference was due to an inserted 276-bp element and GACTT in European pigs. 28669142 9 46 theme additional 1212:1221 arg1 boars 1233:1237 additional WC and ME boars 1212:1237 additional WC and ME boars 1212:1237 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 9 47 theme X 1414:1414 arg1 QTL 1453:1455 QTL 1453:1455 QTL 1453:1455 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 9 47 theme X 1414:1414 arg1 locus 1446:1450 X chromosome quantitative trait locus 1414:1450 X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) 1414:1456 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 4 48 theme polymerase 597:606 arg1 reaction 614:621 polymerase chain reaction 597:621 polymerase chain reaction 597:621 METHODS Pigs were tested initially for polymorphism in OGT among European and Chinese pigs by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). 28669142 1 49 contain has 204:206 arg2 crosstalk 218:226 extensive crosstalk 208:226 extensive crosstalk with phosphorylation 208:247 OBJECTIVE O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc and GlcNAcylation has extensive crosstalk with phosphorylation to regulate signaling and transcription. 28669142 1 49 contain has 204:206 arg1 GlcNAcylation 190:202 GlcNAcylation 190:202 GlcNAcylation 190:202 OBJECTIVE O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc and GlcNAcylation has extensive crosstalk with phosphorylation to regulate signaling and transcription. 28669142 1 50 theme O-GlcNAc 177:184 arg1 addition 165:172 the addition 161:172 the addition of O-GlcNAc 161:184 OBJECTIVE O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc and GlcNAcylation has extensive crosstalk with phosphorylation to regulate signaling and transcription. 28669142 13 51 theme crossbreeding 1900:1912 arg1 Chinese 1914:1920 crossbreeding Chinese 1900:1920 crossbreeding Chinese 1900:1920 This polymorphism could be a useful marker to identify the breed of origin of X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs. 28669142 0 52 theme O-linked 41:48 arg1 transferase 70:80 porcine O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 33:80 porcine O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 33:80 Polymorphism in the intron 20 of porcine O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase. 28669142 9 53 theme quantitative 1427:1438 arg1 QTL 1453:1455 QTL 1453:1455 QTL 1453:1455 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 9 53 theme quantitative 1427:1438 arg1 locus 1446:1450 X chromosome quantitative trait locus 1414:1450 X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) 1414:1456 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 1 54 link O-linked 93:100 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 102:120 OBJECTIVE O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 83:120 OBJECTIVE O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) 83:149 OBJECTIVE O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc and GlcNAcylation has extensive crosstalk with phosphorylation to regulate signaling and transcription. 28669142 1 54 link O-linked 93:100 arg1 O-GlcNAc 123:130 O-GlcNAc 123:130 O-GlcNAc 123:130 OBJECTIVE O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc and GlcNAcylation has extensive crosstalk with phosphorylation to regulate signaling and transcription. 28669142 2 55 theme hormone 375:381 arg1 level 383:387 follicle stimulating hormone level 354:387 follicle stimulating hormone level 354:387 Pig OGT is located near the region of chromosome X that affects follicle stimulating hormone level and testes size. 28669142 13 56 theme chromosome 1865:1874 arg1 QTL 1876:1878 X chromosome QTL 1863:1878 X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs 1863:1938 This polymorphism could be a useful marker to identify the breed of origin of X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs. 28669142 9 57 theme locus 1446:1450 arg1 origin 1404:1409 origin 1404:1409 origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) 1404:1456 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 7 58 theme composite 1023:1031 arg1 WC 1034:1035 1 White composite (WC) 1015:1036 1 White composite (WC) boar 1015:1041 They included 1 White composite (WC) boar and 7 sows (2 Minzu×WC, 2 Duroc [DU]×WC, 2 ME×WC, 1 Fengzing×WC) at USMARC. 28669142 9 59 from boars 1320:1324 arg1 mating 1345:1350 mating 1345:1350 mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents 1345:1373 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 2 60 theme follicle 354:361 arg1 level 383:387 follicle stimulating hormone level 354:387 follicle stimulating hormone level 354:387 Pig OGT is located near the region of chromosome X that affects follicle stimulating hormone level and testes size. 28669142 10 61 theme pigs 1538:1541 arg1 population 1524:1533 an independent population 1509:1533 an independent population of pigs including DU, Landrace, Yorkshire, and ME breeds at NIAS 1509:1598 The polymorphism was determined in an independent population of pigs including DU, Landrace, Yorkshire, and ME breeds at NIAS. 28669142 13 62 theme useful 1814:1819 arg1 polymorphism 1790:1801 This polymorphism 1785:1801 This polymorphism 1785:1801 This polymorphism could be a useful marker to identify the breed of origin of X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs. 28669142 13 62 theme useful 1814:1819 arg1 marker 1821:1826 a useful marker 1812:1826 a useful marker to identify the breed of origin of X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs 1812:1938 This polymorphism could be a useful marker to identify the breed of origin of X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs. 28669142 0 63 theme porcine 33:39 arg1 transferase 70:80 porcine O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 33:80 porcine O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 33:80 Polymorphism in the intron 20 of porcine O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase. 28669142 0 64 link O-linked 41:48 arg1 transferase 70:80 porcine O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 33:80 porcine O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 33:80 Polymorphism in the intron 20 of porcine O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase. 28669142 4 65 theme Meat 650:653 arg1 USMARC 679:684 USMARC 679:684 USMARC 679:684 METHODS Pigs were tested initially for polymorphism in OGT among European and Chinese pigs by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). 28669142 4 65 theme Meat 650:653 arg1 Center 671:676 the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center 641:676 the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC) 641:685 METHODS Pigs were tested initially for polymorphism in OGT among European and Chinese pigs by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). 28669142 2 66 theme chromosome 328:337 arg1 X 339:339 chromosome X 328:339 chromosome X 328:339 Pig OGT is located near the region of chromosome X that affects follicle stimulating hormone level and testes size. 28669142 12 67 theme complete 1708:1715 arg1 concordance 1717:1727 complete concordance 1708:1727 complete concordance with the insertion in European pigs 1708:1763 CONCLUSION There was complete concordance with the insertion in European pigs at USMARC and NIAS. 28669142 4 68 theme Research 662:669 arg1 USMARC 679:684 USMARC 679:684 USMARC 679:684 METHODS Pigs were tested initially for polymorphism in OGT among European and Chinese pigs by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). 28669142 4 68 theme Research 662:669 arg1 Center 671:676 the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center 641:676 the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC) 641:685 METHODS Pigs were tested initially for polymorphism in OGT among European and Chinese pigs by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). 28669142 7 69 dep WC 1034:1035 arg1 boar 1038:1041 boar 1038:1041 1 White composite (WC) boar 1015:1041 They included 1 White composite (WC) boar and 7 sows (2 Minzu×WC, 2 Duroc [DU]×WC, 2 ME×WC, 1 Fengzing×WC) at USMARC. 28669142 13 70 theme origin 1853:1858 arg1 breed 1844:1848 the breed 1840:1848 the breed of origin of X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs 1840:1938 This polymorphism could be a useful marker to identify the breed of origin of X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs. 28669142 5 71 theme National 820:827 arg1 Institute 829:837 the National Institute 816:837 the National Institute of Animal 816:847 The polymorphism was also determined in an independent population of pigs including European and Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds at the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, RDA, Korea). 28669142 13 72 theme X 1863:1863 arg1 chromosome 1865:1874 X chromosome 1863:1874 X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs 1863:1938 This polymorphism could be a useful marker to identify the breed of origin of X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs. 28669142 5 73 from Institute 829:837 arg1 breeds 806:811 Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds 785:811 Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds at the National Institute of Animal 785:847 The polymorphism was also determined in an independent population of pigs including European and Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds at the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, RDA, Korea). 28669142 8 74 theme 281-bp 1123:1128 arg1 due 1145:1147 due 1145:1147 due 1145:1147 The 281-bp difference was due to an inserted 276-bp element and GACTT in European pigs. 28669142 8 74 theme 281-bp 1123:1128 arg1 difference 1130:1139 The 281-bp difference 1119:1139 The 281-bp difference 1119:1139 The 281-bp difference was due to an inserted 276-bp element and GACTT in European pigs. 28669142 2 75 theme Pig 290:292 arg1 OGT 294:296 Pig OGT 290:296 Pig OGT 290:296 Pig OGT is located near the region of chromosome X that affects follicle stimulating hormone level and testes size. 28669142 0 76 theme transferase 70:80 arg1 intron 20:25 intron 20 20:28 the intron 20 of porcine O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 16:80 Polymorphism in the intron 20 of porcine O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase. 28669142 4 77 theme METHODS 503:509 arg1 Pigs 511:514 METHODS Pigs 503:514 METHODS Pigs 503:514 METHODS Pigs were tested initially for polymorphism in OGT among European and Chinese pigs by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). 28669142 5 78 theme pigs 757:760 arg1 population 743:752 an independent population 728:752 an independent population of pigs including European and Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds at the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, RDA, Korea) 728:874 The polymorphism was also determined in an independent population of pigs including European and Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds at the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, RDA, Korea). 28669142 8 79 theme inserted 1155:1162 arg1 element 1171:1177 an inserted 276-bp element 1152:1177 an inserted 276-bp element 1152:1177 The 281-bp difference was due to an inserted 276-bp element and GACTT in European pigs. 28669142 7 80 theme [DU 1075:1077 arg1 Minzu×WC 1057:1064 2 Minzu×WC 1055:1064 2 Minzu×WC 1055:1064 They included 1 White composite (WC) boar and 7 sows (2 Minzu×WC, 2 Duroc [DU]×WC, 2 ME×WC, 1 Fengzing×WC) at USMARC. 28669142 7 80 theme [DU 1075:1077 arg1 ×WC 1079:1081 2 Duroc [DU]×WC 1067:1081 2 Duroc [DU]×WC 1067:1081 They included 1 White composite (WC) boar and 7 sows (2 Minzu×WC, 2 Duroc [DU]×WC, 2 ME×WC, 1 Fengzing×WC) at USMARC. 28669142 9 81 from mating 1345:1350 arg1 litters 1332:1338 16 litters 1329:1338 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents 1329:1373 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 9 81 from mating 1345:1350 arg1 boars 1320:1324 the 84 boars 1313:1324 the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents 1313:1373 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 9 81 from mating 1345:1350 arg1 boars 1233:1237 additional WC and ME boars 1212:1237 additional WC and ME boars 1212:1237 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 9 81 from mating 1345:1350 arg1 grandparents 1244:1255 the grandparents 1240:1255 the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents 1240:1306 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 1 82 theme O-linked 93:100 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 102:120 OBJECTIVE O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 83:120 OBJECTIVE O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) 83:149 OBJECTIVE O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc and GlcNAcylation has extensive crosstalk with phosphorylation to regulate signaling and transcription. 28669142 1 82 theme O-linked 93:100 arg1 O-GlcNAc 123:130 O-GlcNAc 123:130 O-GlcNAc 123:130 OBJECTIVE O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc and GlcNAcylation has extensive crosstalk with phosphorylation to regulate signaling and transcription. 28669142 7 83 dep sows 1049:1052 arg1 Fengzing×WC 1095:1105 1 Fengzing×WC 1093:1105 1 Fengzing×WC 1093:1105 They included 1 White composite (WC) boar and 7 sows (2 Minzu×WC, 2 Duroc [DU]×WC, 2 ME×WC, 1 Fengzing×WC) at USMARC. 28669142 7 83 dep sows 1049:1052 arg1 Minzu×WC 1057:1064 2 Minzu×WC 1055:1064 2 Minzu×WC 1055:1064 They included 1 White composite (WC) boar and 7 sows (2 Minzu×WC, 2 Duroc [DU]×WC, 2 ME×WC, 1 Fengzing×WC) at USMARC. 28669142 7 83 dep sows 1049:1052 arg1 ×WC 1079:1081 2 Duroc [DU]×WC 1067:1081 2 Duroc [DU]×WC 1067:1081 They included 1 White composite (WC) boar and 7 sows (2 Minzu×WC, 2 Duroc [DU]×WC, 2 ME×WC, 1 Fengzing×WC) at USMARC. 28669142 7 83 dep sows 1049:1052 arg1 ME×WC 1086:1090 2 ME×WC 1084:1090 2 ME×WC 1084:1090 They included 1 White composite (WC) boar and 7 sows (2 Minzu×WC, 2 Duroc [DU]×WC, 2 ME×WC, 1 Fengzing×WC) at USMARC. 28669142 8 84 theme European 1192:1199 arg1 pigs 1201:1204 European pigs 1192:1204 European pigs 1192:1204 The 281-bp difference was due to an inserted 276-bp element and GACTT in European pigs. 28669142 2 85 theme testes 393:398 arg1 size 400:403 testes size 393:403 testes size 393:403 Pig OGT is located near the region of chromosome X that affects follicle stimulating hormone level and testes size. 28669142 1 86 with crosstalk 218:226 arg1 phosphorylation 233:247 phosphorylation 233:247 phosphorylation 233:247 OBJECTIVE O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc and GlcNAcylation has extensive crosstalk with phosphorylation to regulate signaling and transcription. 28669142 9 87 used used 1267:1270 arg2 grandparents 1244:1255 the grandparents 1240:1255 the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents 1240:1306 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 4 88 theme European 568:575 arg1 pigs 589:592 European and Chinese pigs 568:592 pigs 589:592 METHODS Pigs were tested initially for polymorphism in OGT among European and Chinese pigs by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). 28669142 13 89 from pigs 1883:1886 arg1 origin 1853:1858 origin 1853:1858 origin of X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs 1853:1938 This polymorphism could be a useful marker to identify the breed of origin of X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs. 28669142 11 90 theme map 1682:1684 arg1 X 1652:1652 the chromosome X 1637:1652 the chromosome X of the USMARC swine linkage map 1637:1684 OGT was placed at position 67 cM on the chromosome X of the USMARC swine linkage map. 28669142 4 91 from polymorphism 542:553 arg1 OGT 558:560 OGT 558:560 OGT 558:560 METHODS Pigs were tested initially for polymorphism in OGT among European and Chinese pigs by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). 28669142 9 92 from boars 1233:1237 arg1 mating 1345:1350 mating 1345:1350 mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents 1345:1373 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 9 93 theme 1/2ME×1/2WC 1288:1298 arg1 parents 1300:1306 the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents 1284:1306 the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents 1284:1306 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 8 94 from element 1171:1177 arg1 pigs 1201:1204 European pigs 1192:1204 European pigs 1192:1204 The 281-bp difference was due to an inserted 276-bp element and GACTT in European pigs. 28669142 3 95 theme study 428:432 arg1 objective 410:418 The objective 406:418 The objective of this study 406:432 The objective of this study was to find the variations of OGT between European and Chinese pigs. 28669142 6 96 from European 911:918 arg1 514 941:943 514 941:943 514 941:943 RESULTS The intron 20 of OGT from European and Chinese pigs was 514 and 233 bp, respectively, in the pigs tested initially. 28669142 6 96 from European 911:918 arg1 intron 889:894 intron 20 889:897 The intron 20 of OGT from European and Chinese pigs 885:935 RESULTS The intron 20 of OGT from European and Chinese pigs was 514 and 233 bp, respectively, in the pigs tested initially. 28669142 7 97 theme Duroc 1069:1073 arg1 Minzu×WC 1057:1064 2 Minzu×WC 1055:1064 2 Minzu×WC 1055:1064 They included 1 White composite (WC) boar and 7 sows (2 Minzu×WC, 2 Duroc [DU]×WC, 2 ME×WC, 1 Fengzing×WC) at USMARC. 28669142 7 97 theme Duroc 1069:1073 arg1 ×WC 1079:1081 2 Duroc [DU]×WC 1067:1081 2 Duroc [DU]×WC 1067:1081 They included 1 White composite (WC) boar and 7 sows (2 Minzu×WC, 2 Duroc [DU]×WC, 2 ME×WC, 1 Fengzing×WC) at USMARC. 28669142 5 98 theme Chinese 785:791 arg1 breeds 806:811 Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds 785:811 Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds at the National Institute of Animal 785:847 The polymorphism was also determined in an independent population of pigs including European and Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds at the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, RDA, Korea). 28669142 13 99 theme European 1926:1933 arg1 pigs 1935:1938 European pigs 1926:1938 European pigs 1926:1938 This polymorphism could be a useful marker to identify the breed of origin of X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs. 28669142 4 100 theme chain 608:612 arg1 reaction 614:621 polymerase chain reaction 597:621 polymerase chain reaction 597:621 METHODS Pigs were tested initially for polymorphism in OGT among European and Chinese pigs by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). 28669142 9 101 theme 1/2ME×1/2WC 1355:1365 arg1 parents 1367:1373 1/2ME×1/2WC parents 1355:1373 1/2ME×1/2WC parents 1355:1373 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 2 102 theme X 339:339 arg1 region 318:323 the region 314:323 the region of chromosome X that affects follicle stimulating hormone level and testes size 314:403 Pig OGT is located near the region of chromosome X that affects follicle stimulating hormone level and testes size. 28669142 9 103 theme WC 1223:1224 arg1 boars 1233:1237 additional WC and ME boars 1212:1237 additional WC and ME boars 1212:1237 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 9 104 theme chromosome 1416:1425 arg1 QTL 1453:1455 QTL 1453:1455 QTL 1453:1455 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 9 104 theme chromosome 1416:1425 arg1 locus 1446:1450 X chromosome quantitative trait locus 1414:1450 X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) 1414:1456 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28669142 10 105 theme independent 1512:1522 arg1 population 1524:1533 an independent population 1509:1533 an independent population of pigs including DU, Landrace, Yorkshire, and ME breeds at NIAS 1509:1598 The polymorphism was determined in an independent population of pigs including DU, Landrace, Yorkshire, and ME breeds at NIAS. 28669142 9 106 theme ME 1230:1231 arg1 boars 1233:1237 additional WC and ME boars 1212:1237 additional WC and ME boars 1212:1237 When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the 1/2ME×1/2WC parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of 1/2ME×1/2WC parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. 28939839 0 0 theme O-GlcNAcase 85:95 arg1 specificity 64:74 specificity 64:74 specificity 64:74 Structural insights into the substrate binding adaptability and specificity of human O-GlcNAcase. 28939839 0 0 theme O-GlcNAcase 85:95 arg1 adaptability 47:58 adaptability 47:58 adaptability 47:58 Structural insights into the substrate binding adaptability and specificity of human O-GlcNAcase. 28939839 4 1 dep serine 546:551 arg1 residue 566:572 residue 566:572 residue 566:572 Here we report the structures of OGA in complex with each of four distinct glycopeptide substrates that contain a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue. 28939839 4 2 from modification 528:539 arg1 serine 546:551 a serine 544:551 a serine 544:551 Here we report the structures of OGA in complex with each of four distinct glycopeptide substrates that contain a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue. 28939839 4 2 from modification 528:539 arg1 threonine 556:564 threonine 556:564 threonine 556:564 Here we report the structures of OGA in complex with each of four distinct glycopeptide substrates that contain a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue. 28939839 6 3 theme general 751:757 arg1 principle 759:767 a general principle 749:767 a general principle that confers the substrate binding adaptability and specificity to OGA in O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA) 749:981 This study provides fundamental insights into a general principle that confers the substrate binding adaptability and specificity to OGA in O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 28939839 0 4 theme human 79:83 arg1 O-GlcNAcase 85:95 human O-GlcNAcase 79:95 human O-GlcNAcase 79:95 Structural insights into the substrate binding adaptability and specificity of human O-GlcNAcase. 28939839 6 5 theme β-N-acetyl 872:881 arg1 O-GlcNAc 896:903 O-GlcNAc 896:903 O-GlcNAc 896:903 This study provides fundamental insights into a general principle that confers the substrate binding adaptability and specificity to OGA in O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 28939839 6 5 theme β-N-acetyl 872:881 arg1 glucosamine 883:893 O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine 843:893 O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 843:904 This study provides fundamental insights into a general principle that confers the substrate binding adaptability and specificity to OGA in O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 28939839 6 5 theme β-N-acetyl 872:881 arg1 modification 930:941 an important protein modification 909:941 an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA) 909:981 This study provides fundamental insights into a general principle that confers the substrate binding adaptability and specificity to OGA in O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 28939839 5 6 theme substrate-binding 671:687 arg1 cleft 689:693 the substrate-binding cleft 667:693 the substrate-binding cleft of OGA 667:700 Intriguingly, these glycopeptides bind in a bidirectional yet conserved conformation within the substrate-binding cleft of OGA. 28939839 4 7 theme O-GlcNAc 519:526 arg1 modification 528:539 a single O-GlcNAc modification 510:539 a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue 510:572 Here we report the structures of OGA in complex with each of four distinct glycopeptide substrates that contain a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue. 28939839 6 8 theme O-GlcNAc 843:850 arg1 O-GlcNAc 896:903 O-GlcNAc 896:903 O-GlcNAc 896:903 This study provides fundamental insights into a general principle that confers the substrate binding adaptability and specificity to OGA in O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 28939839 6 8 theme O-GlcNAc 843:850 arg1 glucosamine 883:893 O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine 843:893 O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 843:904 This study provides fundamental insights into a general principle that confers the substrate binding adaptability and specificity to OGA in O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 28939839 6 8 theme O-GlcNAc 843:850 arg1 modification 930:941 an important protein modification 909:941 an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA) 909:981 This study provides fundamental insights into a general principle that confers the substrate binding adaptability and specificity to OGA in O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 28939839 6 9 dep binding 796:802 arg1 adaptability 804:815 adaptability 804:815 adaptability 804:815 This study provides fundamental insights into a general principle that confers the substrate binding adaptability and specificity to OGA in O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 28939839 3 10 theme various 378:384 arg1 substrates 386:395 various substrates 378:395 various substrates 378:395 To date, it remains largely unknown how OGA recognizes various substrates. 28939839 5 11 theme OGA 698:700 arg1 cleft 689:693 the substrate-binding cleft 667:693 the substrate-binding cleft of OGA 667:700 Intriguingly, these glycopeptides bind in a bidirectional yet conserved conformation within the substrate-binding cleft of OGA. 28939839 5 12 theme bidirectional 619:631 arg1 conformation 647:658 a bidirectional yet conserved conformation 617:658 a bidirectional yet conserved conformation within the substrate-binding cleft of OGA 617:700 Intriguingly, these glycopeptides bind in a bidirectional yet conserved conformation within the substrate-binding cleft of OGA. 28939839 4 13 from structures 417:426 arg1 complex 438:444 complex 438:444 complex with each of four distinct glycopeptide substrates that contain a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue 438:572 Here we report the structures of OGA in complex with each of four distinct glycopeptide substrates that contain a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue. 28939839 5 14 gly glycopeptides 595:607 arg2 glycopeptides 595:607 these glycopeptides 589:607 these glycopeptides 589:607 Intriguingly, these glycopeptides bind in a bidirectional yet conserved conformation within the substrate-binding cleft of OGA. 28939839 4 15 theme glycopeptide 473:484 arg1 substrates 486:495 four distinct glycopeptide substrates 459:495 four distinct glycopeptide substrates that contain a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue 459:572 Here we report the structures of OGA in complex with each of four distinct glycopeptide substrates that contain a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue. 28939839 5 16 theme conserved 637:645 arg1 conformation 647:658 a bidirectional yet conserved conformation 617:658 a bidirectional yet conserved conformation within the substrate-binding cleft of OGA 617:700 Intriguingly, these glycopeptides bind in a bidirectional yet conserved conformation within the substrate-binding cleft of OGA. 28939839 7 17 gly glycopeptide 1101:1112 arg2 glycopeptide 1101:1112 glycopeptide 1101:1112 glycopeptide 1101:1112 Here the authors give insights into OGA substrate recognition by presenting four human OGA structures complexed with glycopeptide substrates containing a single O-GlcNAc modification on either a serine or threonine. 28939839 7 18 contain containing 1125:1134 arg2 modification 1154:1165 a single O-GlcNAc modification 1136:1165 a single O-GlcNAc modification on either a serine or threonine 1136:1197 Here the authors give insights into OGA substrate recognition by presenting four human OGA structures complexed with glycopeptide substrates containing a single O-GlcNAc modification on either a serine or threonine. 28939839 7 18 contain containing 1125:1134 arg1 substrates 1114:1123 glycopeptide substrates 1101:1123 glycopeptide substrates containing a single O-GlcNAc modification on either a serine or threonine 1101:1197 Here the authors give insights into OGA substrate recognition by presenting four human OGA structures complexed with glycopeptide substrates containing a single O-GlcNAc modification on either a serine or threonine. 28939839 6 19 link regulation.O-linked 852:870 arg1 O-GlcNAc 896:903 O-GlcNAc 896:903 O-GlcNAc 896:903 This study provides fundamental insights into a general principle that confers the substrate binding adaptability and specificity to OGA in O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 28939839 6 19 link regulation.O-linked 852:870 arg1 glucosamine 883:893 O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine 843:893 O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 843:904 This study provides fundamental insights into a general principle that confers the substrate binding adaptability and specificity to OGA in O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 28939839 6 19 link regulation.O-linked 852:870 arg1 modification 930:941 an important protein modification 909:941 an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA) 909:981 This study provides fundamental insights into a general principle that confers the substrate binding adaptability and specificity to OGA in O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 28939839 7 20 theme O-GlcNAc 1145:1152 arg1 modification 1154:1165 a single O-GlcNAc modification 1136:1165 a single O-GlcNAc modification on either a serine or threonine 1136:1197 Here the authors give insights into OGA substrate recognition by presenting four human OGA structures complexed with glycopeptide substrates containing a single O-GlcNAc modification on either a serine or threonine. 28939839 6 21 theme fundamental 723:733 arg1 insights 735:742 fundamental insights 723:742 fundamental insights into a general principle that confers the substrate binding adaptability and specificity to OGA in O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA) 723:981 This study provides fundamental insights into a general principle that confers the substrate binding adaptability and specificity to OGA in O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 28939839 1 22 theme numerous 197:204 arg1 proteins 206:213 numerous proteins 197:213 numerous proteins 197:213 The O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification dynamically regulates the functions of numerous proteins. 28939839 0 23 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 insights 11:18 Structural insights 0:18 Structural insights into the substrate 0:37 Structural insights into the substrate binding adaptability and specificity of human O-GlcNAcase. 28939839 4 24 gly glycopeptide 473:484 arg2 glycopeptide 473:484 four distinct glycopeptide substrates 459:495 four distinct glycopeptide substrates that contain a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue 459:572 Here we report the structures of OGA in complex with each of four distinct glycopeptide substrates that contain a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue. 28939839 1 25 theme proteins 206:213 arg1 functions 184:192 the functions 180:192 the functions of numerous proteins 180:213 The O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification dynamically regulates the functions of numerous proteins. 28939839 7 26 from modification 1154:1165 arg1 serine 1179:1184 a serine 1177:1184 a serine 1177:1184 Here the authors give insights into OGA substrate recognition by presenting four human OGA structures complexed with glycopeptide substrates containing a single O-GlcNAc modification on either a serine or threonine. 28939839 7 26 from modification 1154:1165 arg1 threonine 1189:1197 threonine 1189:1197 threonine 1189:1197 Here the authors give insights into OGA substrate recognition by presenting four human OGA structures complexed with glycopeptide substrates containing a single O-GlcNAc modification on either a serine or threonine. 28939839 1 27 theme O-linked 102:109 arg1 modification 145:156 The O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 98:156 The O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 98:156 The O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification dynamically regulates the functions of numerous proteins. 28939839 7 28 theme single 1138:1143 arg1 modification 1154:1165 a single O-GlcNAc modification 1136:1165 a single O-GlcNAc modification on either a serine or threonine 1136:1197 Here the authors give insights into OGA substrate recognition by presenting four human OGA structures complexed with glycopeptide substrates containing a single O-GlcNAc modification on either a serine or threonine. 28939839 6 29 theme protein 922:928 arg1 modification 930:941 an important protein modification 909:941 an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA) 909:981 This study provides fundamental insights into a general principle that confers the substrate binding adaptability and specificity to OGA in O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 28939839 6 29 theme protein 922:928 arg1 glucosamine 883:893 O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine 843:893 O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 843:904 This study provides fundamental insights into a general principle that confers the substrate binding adaptability and specificity to OGA in O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 28939839 1 30 theme β-N-acetyl 111:120 arg1 modification 145:156 The O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 98:156 The O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 98:156 The O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification dynamically regulates the functions of numerous proteins. 28939839 4 31 with complex 438:444 arg1 substrates 486:495 four distinct glycopeptide substrates 459:495 four distinct glycopeptide substrates that contain a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue 459:572 Here we report the structures of OGA in complex with each of four distinct glycopeptide substrates that contain a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue. 28939839 4 31 with complex 438:444 arg1 each 451:454 each 451:454 each 451:454 Here we report the structures of OGA in complex with each of four distinct glycopeptide substrates that contain a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue. 28939839 6 32 theme important 912:920 arg1 modification 930:941 an important protein modification 909:941 an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA) 909:981 This study provides fundamental insights into a general principle that confers the substrate binding adaptability and specificity to OGA in O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 28939839 6 32 theme important 912:920 arg1 glucosamine 883:893 O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine 843:893 O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 843:904 This study provides fundamental insights into a general principle that confers the substrate binding adaptability and specificity to OGA in O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 28939839 2 33 dep glucosaminase 258:270 arg1 O-GlcNAcase 273:283 O-GlcNAcase 273:283 O-GlcNAcase 273:283 A single human enzyme O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA) hydrolyzes this modification. 28939839 2 33 dep glucosaminase 258:270 arg1 OGA 288:290 OGA 288:290 OGA 288:290 A single human enzyme O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA) hydrolyzes this modification. 28939839 4 34 theme OGA 431:433 arg1 structures 417:426 the structures 413:426 the structures of OGA in complex with each of four distinct glycopeptide substrates that contain a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue 413:572 Here we report the structures of OGA in complex with each of four distinct glycopeptide substrates that contain a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue. 28939839 4 35 theme distinct 464:471 arg1 substrates 486:495 four distinct glycopeptide substrates 459:495 four distinct glycopeptide substrates that contain a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue 459:572 Here we report the structures of OGA in complex with each of four distinct glycopeptide substrates that contain a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue. 28939839 2 36 theme β-N-acetyl 247:256 arg1 glucosaminase 258:270 A single human enzyme O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosaminase 216:270 A single human enzyme O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA) 216:291 A single human enzyme O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA) hydrolyzes this modification. 28939839 7 37 theme human 1065:1069 arg1 structures 1075:1084 four human OGA structures 1060:1084 four human OGA structures complexed with glycopeptide substrates containing a single O-GlcNAc modification on either a serine or threonine 1060:1197 Here the authors give insights into OGA substrate recognition by presenting four human OGA structures complexed with glycopeptide substrates containing a single O-GlcNAc modification on either a serine or threonine. 28939839 2 38 theme O-linked 238:245 arg1 glucosaminase 258:270 A single human enzyme O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosaminase 216:270 A single human enzyme O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA) 216:291 A single human enzyme O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA) hydrolyzes this modification. 28939839 7 39 theme OGA 1071:1073 arg1 structures 1075:1084 four human OGA structures 1060:1084 four human OGA structures complexed with glycopeptide substrates containing a single O-GlcNAc modification on either a serine or threonine 1060:1197 Here the authors give insights into OGA substrate recognition by presenting four human OGA structures complexed with glycopeptide substrates containing a single O-GlcNAc modification on either a serine or threonine. 28939839 1 40 theme glucosamine 122:132 arg1 modification 145:156 The O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 98:156 The O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 98:156 The O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification dynamically regulates the functions of numerous proteins. 28939839 7 41 theme substrate 1024:1032 arg1 recognition 1034:1044 OGA substrate recognition 1020:1044 OGA substrate recognition 1020:1044 Here the authors give insights into OGA substrate recognition by presenting four human OGA structures complexed with glycopeptide substrates containing a single O-GlcNAc modification on either a serine or threonine. 28939839 7 42 theme glycopeptide 1101:1112 arg1 substrates 1114:1123 glycopeptide substrates 1101:1123 glycopeptide substrates containing a single O-GlcNAc modification on either a serine or threonine 1101:1197 Here the authors give insights into OGA substrate recognition by presenting four human OGA structures complexed with glycopeptide substrates containing a single O-GlcNAc modification on either a serine or threonine. 28939839 2 43 theme human 225:229 arg1 glucosaminase 258:270 A single human enzyme O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosaminase 216:270 A single human enzyme O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA) 216:291 A single human enzyme O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA) hydrolyzes this modification. 28939839 2 44 theme enzyme 231:236 arg1 glucosaminase 258:270 A single human enzyme O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosaminase 216:270 A single human enzyme O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA) 216:291 A single human enzyme O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA) hydrolyzes this modification. 28939839 6 45 theme substrate 786:794 arg1 binding 796:802 the substrate binding adaptability and specificity 782:831 binding 796:802 This study provides fundamental insights into a general principle that confers the substrate binding adaptability and specificity to OGA in O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 28939839 4 46 contain contain 502:508 arg2 modification 528:539 a single O-GlcNAc modification 510:539 a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue 510:572 Here we report the structures of OGA in complex with each of four distinct glycopeptide substrates that contain a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue. 28939839 4 46 contain contain 502:508 arg1 substrates 486:495 four distinct glycopeptide substrates 459:495 four distinct glycopeptide substrates that contain a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue 459:572 Here we report the structures of OGA in complex with each of four distinct glycopeptide substrates that contain a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue. 28939839 2 47 theme single 218:223 arg1 glucosaminase 258:270 A single human enzyme O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosaminase 216:270 A single human enzyme O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA) 216:291 A single human enzyme O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA) hydrolyzes this modification. 28939839 6 48 theme regulation.O-linked 852:870 arg1 O-GlcNAc 896:903 O-GlcNAc 896:903 O-GlcNAc 896:903 This study provides fundamental insights into a general principle that confers the substrate binding adaptability and specificity to OGA in O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 28939839 6 48 theme regulation.O-linked 852:870 arg1 glucosamine 883:893 O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine 843:893 O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 843:904 This study provides fundamental insights into a general principle that confers the substrate binding adaptability and specificity to OGA in O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 28939839 6 48 theme regulation.O-linked 852:870 arg1 modification 930:941 an important protein modification 909:941 an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA) 909:981 This study provides fundamental insights into a general principle that confers the substrate binding adaptability and specificity to OGA in O-GlcNAc regulation.O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important protein modification that is hydrolyzed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 28939839 1 49 theme O-GlcNAc 135:142 arg1 modification 145:156 The O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 98:156 The O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 98:156 The O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification dynamically regulates the functions of numerous proteins. 28939839 2 50 link O-linked 238:245 arg1 glucosaminase 258:270 A single human enzyme O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosaminase 216:270 A single human enzyme O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA) 216:291 A single human enzyme O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA) hydrolyzes this modification. 28939839 1 51 link O-linked 102:109 arg1 modification 145:156 The O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 98:156 The O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 98:156 The O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification dynamically regulates the functions of numerous proteins. 28939839 4 52 theme single 512:517 arg1 modification 528:539 a single O-GlcNAc modification 510:539 a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue 510:572 Here we report the structures of OGA in complex with each of four distinct glycopeptide substrates that contain a single O-GlcNAc modification on a serine or threonine residue. 28939839 7 53 theme OGA 1020:1022 arg1 recognition 1034:1044 OGA substrate recognition 1020:1044 OGA substrate recognition 1020:1044 Here the authors give insights into OGA substrate recognition by presenting four human OGA structures complexed with glycopeptide substrates containing a single O-GlcNAc modification on either a serine or threonine. 24648514 4 0 theme autophagosome 839:851 arg1 fusion 829:834 the fusion 825:834 the fusion of autophagosome with lysosome 825:865 We further show that O-GlcNAcylation regulates the basal autophagic process and that suppression of O-GlcNAcylation significantly increases autophagic flux by enhancing the fusion of autophagosome with lysosome. 24648514 2 1 theme O-linked 431:438 arg1 N-acetylglucosaminidase 440:462 O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase 431:462 O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase 431:462 This involves dynamic and reversible modification of serine/threonine residues of different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase in an antagonistic manner. 24648514 0 2 theme protein 89:95 arg1 fragment 97:104 huntingtin exon1 protein fragment 72:104 huntingtin exon1 protein fragment 72:104 Decreased O-linked GlcNAcylation protects from cytotoxicity mediated by huntingtin exon1 protein fragment. 24648514 3 3 theme protein 631:637 arg1 mHtt 649:652 mHtt 649:652 mHtt 649:652 We report here that decreasing O-GlcNAcylation enhances the viability of neuronal cells expressing polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 protein fragment (mHtt). 24648514 3 3 theme protein 631:637 arg1 fragment 639:646 polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 protein fragment 590:646 polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 protein fragment (mHtt) 590:653 We report here that decreasing O-GlcNAcylation enhances the viability of neuronal cells expressing polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 protein fragment (mHtt). 24648514 7 4 theme Huntington 1314:1323 arg1 disease 1325:1331 Huntington disease 1314:1331 Huntington disease 1314:1331 Therefore, targeting the autophagic process through the suppression of O-GlcNAcylation may prove to be an important therapeutic approach in Huntington disease. 24648514 2 5 link O-linked 386:393 arg1 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 395:425 O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 386:425 O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 386:425 This involves dynamic and reversible modification of serine/threonine residues of different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase in an antagonistic manner. 24648514 2 6 theme residues 333:340 arg1 modification 300:311 dynamic and reversible modification 277:311 dynamic and reversible modification of serine/threonine residues of different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase 277:462 This involves dynamic and reversible modification of serine/threonine residues of different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase in an antagonistic manner. 24648514 4 7 theme autophagic 713:722 arg1 process 724:730 the basal autophagic process 703:730 the basal autophagic process 703:730 We further show that O-GlcNAcylation regulates the basal autophagic process and that suppression of O-GlcNAcylation significantly increases autophagic flux by enhancing the fusion of autophagosome with lysosome. 24648514 2 8 link O-linked 431:438 arg1 N-acetylglucosaminidase 440:462 O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase 431:462 O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase 431:462 This involves dynamic and reversible modification of serine/threonine residues of different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase in an antagonistic manner. 24648514 0 9 link O-linked 10:17 arg1 GlcNAcylation 19:31 Decreased O-linked GlcNAcylation 0:31 Decreased O-linked GlcNAcylation 0:31 Decreased O-linked GlcNAcylation protects from cytotoxicity mediated by huntingtin exon1 protein fragment. 24648514 2 10 theme serine/threonine 316:331 arg1 residues 333:340 serine/threonine residues 316:340 serine/threonine residues of different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase 316:462 This involves dynamic and reversible modification of serine/threonine residues of different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase in an antagonistic manner. 24648514 2 10 theme serine/threonine 316:331 arg1 proteins 364:371 different cellular proteins 345:371 different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase 345:462 This involves dynamic and reversible modification of serine/threonine residues of different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase in an antagonistic manner. 24648514 4 11 theme basal 707:711 arg1 process 724:730 the basal autophagic process 703:730 the basal autophagic process 703:730 We further show that O-GlcNAcylation regulates the basal autophagic process and that suppression of O-GlcNAcylation significantly increases autophagic flux by enhancing the fusion of autophagosome with lysosome. 24648514 3 12 theme huntingtin 613:622 arg1 mHtt 649:652 mHtt 649:652 mHtt 649:652 We report here that decreasing O-GlcNAcylation enhances the viability of neuronal cells expressing polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 protein fragment (mHtt). 24648514 3 12 theme huntingtin 613:622 arg1 fragment 639:646 polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 protein fragment 590:646 polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 protein fragment (mHtt) 590:653 We report here that decreasing O-GlcNAcylation enhances the viability of neuronal cells expressing polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 protein fragment (mHtt). 24648514 7 13 theme important 1280:1288 arg1 approach 1302:1309 an important therapeutic approach 1277:1309 an important therapeutic approach in Huntington disease 1277:1331 Therefore, targeting the autophagic process through the suppression of O-GlcNAcylation may prove to be an important therapeutic approach in Huntington disease. 24648514 3 14 theme cells 573:577 arg1 viability 551:559 the viability 547:559 the viability of neuronal cells expressing polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 protein fragment (mHtt) 547:653 We report here that decreasing O-GlcNAcylation enhances the viability of neuronal cells expressing polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 protein fragment (mHtt). 24648514 5 15 theme Huntington 1024:1033 arg1 disease 1035:1041 Huntington disease 1024:1041 Huntington disease 1024:1041 This regulation considerably reduces toxic mHtt aggregates in eye imaginal discs and partially restores rhabdomere morphology and vision in a fly model for Huntington disease. 24648514 5 16 theme toxic 905:909 arg1 aggregates 916:925 toxic mHtt aggregates 905:925 toxic mHtt aggregates in eye imaginal discs 905:947 This regulation considerably reduces toxic mHtt aggregates in eye imaginal discs and partially restores rhabdomere morphology and vision in a fly model for Huntington disease. 24648514 4 17 with fusion 829:834 arg1 lysosome 858:865 lysosome 858:865 lysosome 858:865 We further show that O-GlcNAcylation regulates the basal autophagic process and that suppression of O-GlcNAcylation significantly increases autophagic flux by enhancing the fusion of autophagosome with lysosome. 24648514 7 18 theme therapeutic 1290:1300 arg1 approach 1302:1309 an important therapeutic approach 1277:1309 an important therapeutic approach in Huntington disease 1277:1331 Therefore, targeting the autophagic process through the suppression of O-GlcNAcylation may prove to be an important therapeutic approach in Huntington disease. 24648514 5 19 theme rhabdomere 972:981 arg1 morphology 983:992 rhabdomere morphology 972:992 rhabdomere morphology 972:992 This regulation considerably reduces toxic mHtt aggregates in eye imaginal discs and partially restores rhabdomere morphology and vision in a fly model for Huntington disease. 24648514 4 20 theme autophagic 796:805 arg1 flux 807:810 autophagic flux 796:810 autophagic flux 796:810 We further show that O-GlcNAcylation regulates the basal autophagic process and that suppression of O-GlcNAcylation significantly increases autophagic flux by enhancing the fusion of autophagosome with lysosome. 24648514 0 21 theme O-linked 10:17 arg1 GlcNAcylation 19:31 Decreased O-linked GlcNAcylation 0:31 Decreased O-linked GlcNAcylation 0:31 Decreased O-linked GlcNAcylation protects from cytotoxicity mediated by huntingtin exon1 protein fragment. 24648514 5 22 theme eye 930:932 arg1 discs 943:947 eye imaginal discs 930:947 eye imaginal discs 930:947 This regulation considerably reduces toxic mHtt aggregates in eye imaginal discs and partially restores rhabdomere morphology and vision in a fly model for Huntington disease. 24648514 5 23 theme mHtt 911:914 arg1 aggregates 916:925 toxic mHtt aggregates 905:925 toxic mHtt aggregates in eye imaginal discs 905:947 This regulation considerably reduces toxic mHtt aggregates in eye imaginal discs and partially restores rhabdomere morphology and vision in a fly model for Huntington disease. 24648514 2 24 theme proteins 364:371 arg1 residues 333:340 serine/threonine residues 316:340 serine/threonine residues of different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase 316:462 This involves dynamic and reversible modification of serine/threonine residues of different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase in an antagonistic manner. 24648514 2 24 theme proteins 364:371 arg1 proteins 364:371 different cellular proteins 345:371 different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase 345:462 This involves dynamic and reversible modification of serine/threonine residues of different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase in an antagonistic manner. 24648514 2 25 theme antagonistic 470:481 arg1 manner 483:488 an antagonistic manner 467:488 an antagonistic manner 467:488 This involves dynamic and reversible modification of serine/threonine residues of different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase in an antagonistic manner. 24648514 0 26 theme Decreased 0:8 arg1 GlcNAcylation 19:31 Decreased O-linked GlcNAcylation 0:31 Decreased O-linked GlcNAcylation 0:31 Decreased O-linked GlcNAcylation protects from cytotoxicity mediated by huntingtin exon1 protein fragment. 24648514 6 27 theme mHtt 1159:1162 arg1 toxicity 1164:1171 mHtt toxicity 1159:1171 mHtt toxicity 1159:1171 This study is significant in unraveling O-GlcNAcylation-dependent regulation of an autophagic process in mediating mHtt toxicity. 24648514 2 28 theme cellular 355:362 arg1 proteins 364:371 different cellular proteins 345:371 different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase 345:462 This involves dynamic and reversible modification of serine/threonine residues of different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase in an antagonistic manner. 24648514 2 29 theme different 345:353 arg1 proteins 364:371 different cellular proteins 345:371 different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase 345:462 This involves dynamic and reversible modification of serine/threonine residues of different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase in an antagonistic manner. 24648514 3 30 theme neuronal 564:571 arg1 cells 573:577 neuronal cells 564:577 neuronal cells expressing polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 protein fragment (mHtt) 564:653 We report here that decreasing O-GlcNAcylation enhances the viability of neuronal cells expressing polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 protein fragment (mHtt). 24648514 3 31 theme exon 624:627 arg1 mHtt 649:652 mHtt 649:652 mHtt 649:652 We report here that decreasing O-GlcNAcylation enhances the viability of neuronal cells expressing polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 protein fragment (mHtt). 24648514 3 31 theme exon 624:627 arg1 fragment 639:646 polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 protein fragment 590:646 polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 protein fragment (mHtt) 590:653 We report here that decreasing O-GlcNAcylation enhances the viability of neuronal cells expressing polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 protein fragment (mHtt). 24648514 1 32 theme pathways 220:227 arg1 number 210:215 a number 208:215 a number of pathways involved in cellular homeostasis 208:260 O-GlcNAcylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins and is known to regulate a number of pathways involved in cellular homeostasis. 24648514 5 33 theme imaginal 934:941 arg1 discs 943:947 eye imaginal discs 930:947 eye imaginal discs 930:947 This regulation considerably reduces toxic mHtt aggregates in eye imaginal discs and partially restores rhabdomere morphology and vision in a fly model for Huntington disease. 24648514 2 34 theme O-linked 386:393 arg1 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 395:425 O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 386:425 O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 386:425 This involves dynamic and reversible modification of serine/threonine residues of different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase in an antagonistic manner. 24648514 7 35 theme O-GlcNAcylation 1245:1259 arg1 suppression 1230:1240 the suppression 1226:1240 the suppression of O-GlcNAcylation 1226:1259 Therefore, targeting the autophagic process through the suppression of O-GlcNAcylation may prove to be an important therapeutic approach in Huntington disease. 24648514 6 36 theme process 1138:1144 arg1 regulation 1110:1119 O-GlcNAcylation-dependent regulation 1084:1119 O-GlcNAcylation-dependent regulation of an autophagic process in mediating mHtt toxicity 1084:1171 This study is significant in unraveling O-GlcNAcylation-dependent regulation of an autophagic process in mediating mHtt toxicity. 24648514 6 37 theme autophagic 1127:1136 arg1 process 1138:1144 an autophagic process 1124:1144 an autophagic process 1124:1144 This study is significant in unraveling O-GlcNAcylation-dependent regulation of an autophagic process in mediating mHtt toxicity. 24648514 7 38 theme autophagic 1199:1208 arg1 process 1210:1216 the autophagic process 1195:1216 the autophagic process 1195:1216 Therefore, targeting the autophagic process through the suppression of O-GlcNAcylation may prove to be an important therapeutic approach in Huntington disease. 24648514 5 39 theme fly 1010:1012 arg1 model 1014:1018 a fly model 1008:1018 a fly model for Huntington disease 1008:1041 This regulation considerably reduces toxic mHtt aggregates in eye imaginal discs and partially restores rhabdomere morphology and vision in a fly model for Huntington disease. 24648514 7 40 from approach 1302:1309 arg1 disease 1325:1331 Huntington disease 1314:1331 Huntington disease 1314:1331 Therefore, targeting the autophagic process through the suppression of O-GlcNAcylation may prove to be an important therapeutic approach in Huntington disease. 24648514 1 41 theme important 129:137 arg1 modification 158:169 an important post-translational modification 126:169 an important post-translational modification of proteins 126:181 O-GlcNAcylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins and is known to regulate a number of pathways involved in cellular homeostasis. 24648514 1 41 theme important 129:137 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 107:121 O-GlcNAcylation 107:121 O-GlcNAcylation 107:121 O-GlcNAcylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins and is known to regulate a number of pathways involved in cellular homeostasis. 24648514 1 42 theme post-translational 139:156 arg1 modification 158:169 an important post-translational modification 126:169 an important post-translational modification of proteins 126:181 O-GlcNAcylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins and is known to regulate a number of pathways involved in cellular homeostasis. 24648514 1 42 theme post-translational 139:156 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 107:121 O-GlcNAcylation 107:121 O-GlcNAcylation 107:121 O-GlcNAcylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins and is known to regulate a number of pathways involved in cellular homeostasis. 24648514 2 43 theme reversible 289:298 arg1 modification 300:311 dynamic and reversible modification 277:311 dynamic and reversible modification of serine/threonine residues of different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase 277:462 This involves dynamic and reversible modification of serine/threonine residues of different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase in an antagonistic manner. 24648514 1 44 theme cellular 241:248 arg1 homeostasis 250:260 cellular homeostasis 241:260 cellular homeostasis 241:260 O-GlcNAcylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins and is known to regulate a number of pathways involved in cellular homeostasis. 24648514 3 45 theme polyglutamine-expanded 590:611 arg1 mHtt 649:652 mHtt 649:652 mHtt 649:652 We report here that decreasing O-GlcNAcylation enhances the viability of neuronal cells expressing polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 protein fragment (mHtt). 24648514 3 45 theme polyglutamine-expanded 590:611 arg1 fragment 639:646 polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 protein fragment 590:646 polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 protein fragment (mHtt) 590:653 We report here that decreasing O-GlcNAcylation enhances the viability of neuronal cells expressing polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 protein fragment (mHtt). 24648514 0 46 theme exon1 83:87 arg1 fragment 97:104 huntingtin exon1 protein fragment 72:104 huntingtin exon1 protein fragment 72:104 Decreased O-linked GlcNAcylation protects from cytotoxicity mediated by huntingtin exon1 protein fragment. 24648514 5 47 from aggregates 916:925 arg1 discs 943:947 eye imaginal discs 930:947 eye imaginal discs 930:947 This regulation considerably reduces toxic mHtt aggregates in eye imaginal discs and partially restores rhabdomere morphology and vision in a fly model for Huntington disease. 24648514 2 48 theme dynamic 277:283 arg1 modification 300:311 dynamic and reversible modification 277:311 dynamic and reversible modification of serine/threonine residues of different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase 277:462 This involves dynamic and reversible modification of serine/threonine residues of different cellular proteins catalyzed by O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase in an antagonistic manner. 24648514 4 49 theme O-GlcNAcylation 756:770 arg1 suppression 741:751 suppression 741:751 suppression of O-GlcNAcylation 741:770 We further show that O-GlcNAcylation regulates the basal autophagic process and that suppression of O-GlcNAcylation significantly increases autophagic flux by enhancing the fusion of autophagosome with lysosome. 24648514 1 50 theme proteins 174:181 arg1 modification 158:169 an important post-translational modification 126:169 an important post-translational modification of proteins 126:181 O-GlcNAcylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins and is known to regulate a number of pathways involved in cellular homeostasis. 24648514 1 50 theme proteins 174:181 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 107:121 O-GlcNAcylation 107:121 O-GlcNAcylation 107:121 O-GlcNAcylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins and is known to regulate a number of pathways involved in cellular homeostasis. 24648514 0 51 theme huntingtin 72:81 arg1 fragment 97:104 huntingtin exon1 protein fragment 72:104 huntingtin exon1 protein fragment 72:104 Decreased O-linked GlcNAcylation protects from cytotoxicity mediated by huntingtin exon1 protein fragment. 24648514 6 52 theme O-GlcNAcylation-dependent 1084:1108 arg1 regulation 1110:1119 O-GlcNAcylation-dependent regulation 1084:1119 O-GlcNAcylation-dependent regulation of an autophagic process in mediating mHtt toxicity 1084:1171 This study is significant in unraveling O-GlcNAcylation-dependent regulation of an autophagic process in mediating mHtt toxicity. 24452239 0 0 theme infant-associated 63:79 arg1 bifidobacteria 81:94 infant-associated bifidobacteria 63:94 infant-associated bifidobacteria 63:94 The marriage of nutrigenomics with the microbiome: the case of infant-associated bifidobacteria and milk. 24452239 2 1 theme diet 377:380 arg1 consequences 350:361 metabolic consequences 340:361 metabolic consequences 340:361 Phenotypic expression profiling, often transcriptomics, has been applied to identify markers and metabolic consequences of suboptimal diet, lifestyle, or both. 24452239 2 1 theme diet 377:380 arg1 markers 328:334 markers 328:334 markers 328:334 Phenotypic expression profiling, often transcriptomics, has been applied to identify markers and metabolic consequences of suboptimal diet, lifestyle, or both. 24452239 1 2 theme exogenous 157:165 arg1 nutrients 167:175 exogenous nutrients 157:175 exogenous nutrients 157:175 Broadly, nutrigenomics examines the association of exogenous nutrients and molecular responses to maintain homeostasis in an individual. 24452239 5 3 theme microbial 1014:1022 arg1 structure 1034:1042 a particular microbial community structure 1001:1042 a particular microbial community structure 1001:1042 Perhaps a hallmark of coevolution, milk provides a dramatic example of a diet that promotes a particular microbial community structure, because the lower infant gastrointestinal tract is often dominated by bifidobacteria that flourish on milk glycans. 24452239 2 4 theme suboptimal 366:375 arg1 diet 377:380 suboptimal diet 366:380 suboptimal diet 366:380 Phenotypic expression profiling, often transcriptomics, has been applied to identify markers and metabolic consequences of suboptimal diet, lifestyle, or both. 24452239 8 5 theme nutrigenomics 1477:1489 arg1 research 1491:1498 nutrigenomics research 1477:1498 nutrigenomics research 1477:1498 Whereas nutrigenomics research is beginning to account for resident microbiota, the need remains to consistently consider our microscopic partners in the human holobiont. 24452239 5 6 theme coevolution 931:941 arg1 hallmark 919:926 a hallmark 917:926 a hallmark of coevolution, milk 917:947 Perhaps a hallmark of coevolution, milk provides a dramatic example of a diet that promotes a particular microbial community structure, because the lower infant gastrointestinal tract is often dominated by bifidobacteria that flourish on milk glycans. 24452239 7 7 theme community 1450:1458 arg1 studies 1460:1466 community studies 1450:1466 clinical studies and interventions as well as community studies 1404:1466 In addition, studies of isolated microbiota species should be encouraged to inform clinical studies and interventions as well as community studies. 24452239 6 8 theme dietary 1284:1290 arg1 habits 1292:1297 their host's dietary habits 1271:1297 their host's dietary habits 1271:1297 Systems-level approaches should continue to be applied to examine the microbial communities in the context of their host's dietary habits and metabolic status. 24452239 0 9 theme bifidobacteria 81:94 arg1 case 55:58 the case 51:58 The marriage of nutrigenomics with the microbiome: the case of infant-associated bifidobacteria and milk. 0:104 The marriage of nutrigenomics with the microbiome: the case of infant-associated bifidobacteria and milk. 24452239 3 10 dep nature 606:611 arg1 influences 647:656 influences 647:656 influences human physiology 647:673 The decade after the Human Genome Project has been marked with advances in high-throughput analysis of biological polymers and metabolites, prompting a rapid increase in characterization of the profound nature by which our symbiotic microbiota influences human physiology. 24452239 3 11 theme rapid 555:559 arg1 increase 561:568 a rapid increase 553:568 a rapid increase in characterization of the profound nature by which our symbiotic microbiota influences human physiology 553:673 The decade after the Human Genome Project has been marked with advances in high-throughput analysis of biological polymers and metabolites, prompting a rapid increase in characterization of the profound nature by which our symbiotic microbiota influences human physiology. 24452239 3 12 theme biological 506:515 arg1 polymers 517:524 biological polymers 506:524 biological polymers 506:524 The decade after the Human Genome Project has been marked with advances in high-throughput analysis of biological polymers and metabolites, prompting a rapid increase in characterization of the profound nature by which our symbiotic microbiota influences human physiology. 24452239 6 13 theme Systems-level 1161:1173 arg1 approaches 1175:1184 Systems-level approaches 1161:1184 Systems-level approaches 1161:1184 Systems-level approaches should continue to be applied to examine the microbial communities in the context of their host's dietary habits and metabolic status. 24452239 5 14 theme milk 1147:1150 arg1 glycans 1152:1158 milk glycans 1147:1158 milk glycans 1147:1158 Perhaps a hallmark of coevolution, milk provides a dramatic example of a diet that promotes a particular microbial community structure, because the lower infant gastrointestinal tract is often dominated by bifidobacteria that flourish on milk glycans. 24452239 4 15 theme ingested 879:886 arg1 molecules 898:906 ingested nutritive molecules 879:906 ingested nutritive molecules 879:906 Although the technology is widely accessible to assess microbiome composition, genetic potential, and global function, nutrigenomics studies often exclude the microbial contribution to host responses to ingested nutritive molecules. 24452239 5 16 theme particular 1003:1012 arg1 structure 1034:1042 a particular microbial community structure 1001:1042 a particular microbial community structure 1001:1042 Perhaps a hallmark of coevolution, milk provides a dramatic example of a diet that promotes a particular microbial community structure, because the lower infant gastrointestinal tract is often dominated by bifidobacteria that flourish on milk glycans. 24452239 3 17 theme Human 424:428 arg1 Project 437:443 the Human Genome Project 420:443 the Human Genome Project 420:443 The decade after the Human Genome Project has been marked with advances in high-throughput analysis of biological polymers and metabolites, prompting a rapid increase in characterization of the profound nature by which our symbiotic microbiota influences human physiology. 24452239 1 18 theme nutrients 167:175 arg1 association 142:152 the association 138:152 the association of exogenous nutrients and molecular responses 138:199 Broadly, nutrigenomics examines the association of exogenous nutrients and molecular responses to maintain homeostasis in an individual. 24452239 0 19 theme milk 100:103 arg1 case 55:58 the case 51:58 The marriage of nutrigenomics with the microbiome: the case of infant-associated bifidobacteria and milk. 0:104 The marriage of nutrigenomics with the microbiome: the case of infant-associated bifidobacteria and milk. 24452239 6 20 theme metabolic 1303:1311 arg1 status 1313:1318 metabolic status 1303:1318 metabolic status 1303:1318 Systems-level approaches should continue to be applied to examine the microbial communities in the context of their host's dietary habits and metabolic status. 24452239 4 21 theme nutrigenomics 795:807 arg1 studies 809:815 nutrigenomics studies 795:815 nutrigenomics studies 795:815 Although the technology is widely accessible to assess microbiome composition, genetic potential, and global function, nutrigenomics studies often exclude the microbial contribution to host responses to ingested nutritive molecules. 24452239 6 22 from communities 1241:1251 arg1 context 1260:1266 the context 1256:1266 the context of their host's dietary habits and metabolic status 1256:1318 Systems-level approaches should continue to be applied to examine the microbial communities in the context of their host's dietary habits and metabolic status. 24452239 2 23 theme both 397:400 arg1 consequences 350:361 metabolic consequences 340:361 metabolic consequences 340:361 Phenotypic expression profiling, often transcriptomics, has been applied to identify markers and metabolic consequences of suboptimal diet, lifestyle, or both. 24452239 2 23 theme both 397:400 arg1 markers 328:334 markers 328:334 markers 328:334 Phenotypic expression profiling, often transcriptomics, has been applied to identify markers and metabolic consequences of suboptimal diet, lifestyle, or both. 24452239 8 24 theme microscopic 1595:1605 arg1 partners 1607:1614 our microscopic partners 1591:1614 our microscopic partners 1591:1614 Whereas nutrigenomics research is beginning to account for resident microbiota, the need remains to consistently consider our microscopic partners in the human holobiont. 24452239 1 25 theme molecular 181:189 arg1 responses 191:199 molecular responses 181:199 molecular responses 181:199 Broadly, nutrigenomics examines the association of exogenous nutrients and molecular responses to maintain homeostasis in an individual. 24452239 4 26 theme nutritive 888:896 arg1 molecules 898:906 ingested nutritive molecules 879:906 ingested nutritive molecules 879:906 Although the technology is widely accessible to assess microbiome composition, genetic potential, and global function, nutrigenomics studies often exclude the microbial contribution to host responses to ingested nutritive molecules. 24452239 3 27 theme Genome 430:435 arg1 Project 437:443 the Human Genome Project 420:443 the Human Genome Project 420:443 The decade after the Human Genome Project has been marked with advances in high-throughput analysis of biological polymers and metabolites, prompting a rapid increase in characterization of the profound nature by which our symbiotic microbiota influences human physiology. 24452239 0 28 theme nutrigenomics 16:28 arg1 marriage 4:11 The marriage 0:11 The marriage of nutrigenomics with the microbiome: the case of infant-associated bifidobacteria and milk. 0:104 The marriage of nutrigenomics with the microbiome: the case of infant-associated bifidobacteria and milk. 24452239 4 29 theme microbial 835:843 arg1 contribution 845:856 the microbial contribution 831:856 the microbial contribution to host responses to ingested nutritive molecules 831:906 Although the technology is widely accessible to assess microbiome composition, genetic potential, and global function, nutrigenomics studies often exclude the microbial contribution to host responses to ingested nutritive molecules. 24452239 4 30 theme host 861:864 arg1 responses 866:874 host responses 861:874 host responses 861:874 Although the technology is widely accessible to assess microbiome composition, genetic potential, and global function, nutrigenomics studies often exclude the microbial contribution to host responses to ingested nutritive molecules. 24452239 4 31 theme global 778:783 arg1 function 785:792 global function 778:792 global function 778:792 Although the technology is widely accessible to assess microbiome composition, genetic potential, and global function, nutrigenomics studies often exclude the microbial contribution to host responses to ingested nutritive molecules. 24452239 3 32 theme nature 606:611 arg1 characterization 573:588 characterization 573:588 characterization of the profound nature by which our symbiotic microbiota influences human physiology 573:673 The decade after the Human Genome Project has been marked with advances in high-throughput analysis of biological polymers and metabolites, prompting a rapid increase in characterization of the profound nature by which our symbiotic microbiota influences human physiology. 24452239 3 33 dep which 616:620 arg1 by 613:614 by 613:614 by 613:614 The decade after the Human Genome Project has been marked with advances in high-throughput analysis of biological polymers and metabolites, prompting a rapid increase in characterization of the profound nature by which our symbiotic microbiota influences human physiology. 24452239 3 34 theme polymers 517:524 arg1 analysis 494:501 high-throughput analysis 478:501 high-throughput analysis of biological polymers and metabolites 478:540 The decade after the Human Genome Project has been marked with advances in high-throughput analysis of biological polymers and metabolites, prompting a rapid increase in characterization of the profound nature by which our symbiotic microbiota influences human physiology. 24452239 7 35 theme microbiota 1354:1363 arg1 species 1365:1371 isolated microbiota species 1345:1371 isolated microbiota species 1345:1371 In addition, studies of isolated microbiota species should be encouraged to inform clinical studies and interventions as well as community studies. 24452239 8 36 theme human 1623:1627 arg1 holobiont 1629:1637 the human holobiont 1619:1637 the human holobiont 1619:1637 Whereas nutrigenomics research is beginning to account for resident microbiota, the need remains to consistently consider our microscopic partners in the human holobiont. 24452239 2 37 theme Phenotypic 243:252 arg1 profiling 265:273 Phenotypic expression profiling 243:273 Phenotypic expression profiling 243:273 Phenotypic expression profiling, often transcriptomics, has been applied to identify markers and metabolic consequences of suboptimal diet, lifestyle, or both. 24452239 2 37 theme Phenotypic 243:252 arg1 transcriptomics 282:296 transcriptomics 282:296 often transcriptomics 276:296 Phenotypic expression profiling, often transcriptomics, has been applied to identify markers and metabolic consequences of suboptimal diet, lifestyle, or both. 24452239 1 38 theme responses 191:199 arg1 association 142:152 the association 138:152 the association of exogenous nutrients and molecular responses 138:199 Broadly, nutrigenomics examines the association of exogenous nutrients and molecular responses to maintain homeostasis in an individual. 24452239 5 39 theme lower 1057:1061 arg1 tract 1087:1091 the lower infant gastrointestinal tract 1053:1091 the lower infant gastrointestinal tract 1053:1091 Perhaps a hallmark of coevolution, milk provides a dramatic example of a diet that promotes a particular microbial community structure, because the lower infant gastrointestinal tract is often dominated by bifidobacteria that flourish on milk glycans. 24452239 3 40 theme human 658:662 arg1 physiology 664:673 human physiology 658:673 human physiology 658:673 The decade after the Human Genome Project has been marked with advances in high-throughput analysis of biological polymers and metabolites, prompting a rapid increase in characterization of the profound nature by which our symbiotic microbiota influences human physiology. 24452239 5 41 theme infant 1063:1068 arg1 tract 1087:1091 the lower infant gastrointestinal tract 1053:1091 the lower infant gastrointestinal tract 1053:1091 Perhaps a hallmark of coevolution, milk provides a dramatic example of a diet that promotes a particular microbial community structure, because the lower infant gastrointestinal tract is often dominated by bifidobacteria that flourish on milk glycans. 24452239 6 42 theme microbial 1231:1239 arg1 communities 1241:1251 the microbial communities 1227:1251 the microbial communities in the context of their host's dietary habits and metabolic status 1227:1318 Systems-level approaches should continue to be applied to examine the microbial communities in the context of their host's dietary habits and metabolic status. 24452239 5 43 theme gastrointestinal 1070:1085 arg1 tract 1087:1091 the lower infant gastrointestinal tract 1053:1091 the lower infant gastrointestinal tract 1053:1091 Perhaps a hallmark of coevolution, milk provides a dramatic example of a diet that promotes a particular microbial community structure, because the lower infant gastrointestinal tract is often dominated by bifidobacteria that flourish on milk glycans. 24452239 3 44 theme profound 597:604 arg1 nature 606:611 the profound nature 593:611 the profound nature by which our symbiotic microbiota influences human physiology 593:673 The decade after the Human Genome Project has been marked with advances in high-throughput analysis of biological polymers and metabolites, prompting a rapid increase in characterization of the profound nature by which our symbiotic microbiota influences human physiology. 24452239 0 45 with marriage 4:11 arg1 microbiome 39:48 the microbiome 35:48 the microbiome 35:48 The marriage of nutrigenomics with the microbiome: the case of infant-associated bifidobacteria and milk. 24452239 4 46 theme microbiome 731:740 arg1 composition 742:752 microbiome composition 731:752 microbiome composition 731:752 Although the technology is widely accessible to assess microbiome composition, genetic potential, and global function, nutrigenomics studies often exclude the microbial contribution to host responses to ingested nutritive molecules. 24452239 3 47 from increase 561:568 arg1 characterization 573:588 characterization 573:588 characterization of the profound nature by which our symbiotic microbiota influences human physiology 573:673 The decade after the Human Genome Project has been marked with advances in high-throughput analysis of biological polymers and metabolites, prompting a rapid increase in characterization of the profound nature by which our symbiotic microbiota influences human physiology. 24452239 8 48 theme resident 1528:1535 arg1 microbiota 1537:1546 resident microbiota 1528:1546 resident microbiota 1528:1546 Whereas nutrigenomics research is beginning to account for resident microbiota, the need remains to consistently consider our microscopic partners in the human holobiont. 24452239 5 49 theme community 1024:1032 arg1 structure 1034:1042 a particular microbial community structure 1001:1042 a particular microbial community structure 1001:1042 Perhaps a hallmark of coevolution, milk provides a dramatic example of a diet that promotes a particular microbial community structure, because the lower infant gastrointestinal tract is often dominated by bifidobacteria that flourish on milk glycans. 24452239 3 50 theme symbiotic 626:634 arg1 microbiota 636:645 our symbiotic microbiota 622:645 our symbiotic microbiota 622:645 The decade after the Human Genome Project has been marked with advances in high-throughput analysis of biological polymers and metabolites, prompting a rapid increase in characterization of the profound nature by which our symbiotic microbiota influences human physiology. 24452239 3 51 from advances 466:473 arg1 analysis 494:501 high-throughput analysis 478:501 high-throughput analysis of biological polymers and metabolites 478:540 The decade after the Human Genome Project has been marked with advances in high-throughput analysis of biological polymers and metabolites, prompting a rapid increase in characterization of the profound nature by which our symbiotic microbiota influences human physiology. 24452239 2 52 theme metabolic 340:348 arg1 consequences 350:361 metabolic consequences 340:361 metabolic consequences 340:361 Phenotypic expression profiling, often transcriptomics, has been applied to identify markers and metabolic consequences of suboptimal diet, lifestyle, or both. 24452239 5 53 theme diet 982:985 arg1 example 969:975 a dramatic example 958:975 a dramatic example of a diet that promotes a particular microbial community structure, because the lower infant gastrointestinal tract is often dominated by bifidobacteria that flourish on milk glycans 958:1158 Perhaps a hallmark of coevolution, milk provides a dramatic example of a diet that promotes a particular microbial community structure, because the lower infant gastrointestinal tract is often dominated by bifidobacteria that flourish on milk glycans. 24452239 5 54 theme dramatic 960:967 arg1 example 969:975 a dramatic example 958:975 a dramatic example of a diet that promotes a particular microbial community structure, because the lower infant gastrointestinal tract is often dominated by bifidobacteria that flourish on milk glycans 958:1158 Perhaps a hallmark of coevolution, milk provides a dramatic example of a diet that promotes a particular microbial community structure, because the lower infant gastrointestinal tract is often dominated by bifidobacteria that flourish on milk glycans. 24452239 7 55 theme clinical 1404:1411 arg1 studies 1413:1419 clinical studies 1404:1419 clinical studies 1404:1419 In addition, studies of isolated microbiota species should be encouraged to inform clinical studies and interventions as well as community studies. 24452239 3 56 theme high-throughput 478:492 arg1 analysis 494:501 high-throughput analysis 478:501 high-throughput analysis of biological polymers and metabolites 478:540 The decade after the Human Genome Project has been marked with advances in high-throughput analysis of biological polymers and metabolites, prompting a rapid increase in characterization of the profound nature by which our symbiotic microbiota influences human physiology. 24452239 7 57 theme species 1365:1371 arg1 studies 1334:1340 studies 1334:1340 studies of isolated microbiota species 1334:1371 In addition, studies of isolated microbiota species should be encouraged to inform clinical studies and interventions as well as community studies. 24452239 4 58 theme genetic 755:761 arg1 potential 763:771 genetic potential 755:771 genetic potential 755:771 Although the technology is widely accessible to assess microbiome composition, genetic potential, and global function, nutrigenomics studies often exclude the microbial contribution to host responses to ingested nutritive molecules. 24452239 0 59 dep marriage 4:11 arg1 case 55:58 the case 51:58 The marriage of nutrigenomics with the microbiome: the case of infant-associated bifidobacteria and milk. 0:104 The marriage of nutrigenomics with the microbiome: the case of infant-associated bifidobacteria and milk. 24452239 7 60 theme isolated 1345:1352 arg1 species 1365:1371 isolated microbiota species 1345:1371 isolated microbiota species 1345:1371 In addition, studies of isolated microbiota species should be encouraged to inform clinical studies and interventions as well as community studies. 24452239 2 61 theme lifestyle 383:391 arg1 consequences 350:361 metabolic consequences 340:361 metabolic consequences 340:361 Phenotypic expression profiling, often transcriptomics, has been applied to identify markers and metabolic consequences of suboptimal diet, lifestyle, or both. 24452239 2 61 theme lifestyle 383:391 arg1 markers 328:334 markers 328:334 markers 328:334 Phenotypic expression profiling, often transcriptomics, has been applied to identify markers and metabolic consequences of suboptimal diet, lifestyle, or both. 24452239 2 62 theme expression 254:263 arg1 profiling 265:273 Phenotypic expression profiling 243:273 Phenotypic expression profiling 243:273 Phenotypic expression profiling, often transcriptomics, has been applied to identify markers and metabolic consequences of suboptimal diet, lifestyle, or both. 24452239 2 62 theme expression 254:263 arg1 transcriptomics 282:296 transcriptomics 282:296 often transcriptomics 276:296 Phenotypic expression profiling, often transcriptomics, has been applied to identify markers and metabolic consequences of suboptimal diet, lifestyle, or both. 24452239 3 63 theme metabolites 530:540 arg1 analysis 494:501 high-throughput analysis 478:501 high-throughput analysis of biological polymers and metabolites 478:540 The decade after the Human Genome Project has been marked with advances in high-throughput analysis of biological polymers and metabolites, prompting a rapid increase in characterization of the profound nature by which our symbiotic microbiota influences human physiology. 29021254 0 0 theme filament 117:124 arg1 network 126:132 the intermediate filament network 100:132 the intermediate filament network 100:132 Checkpoint kinase 1-induced phosphorylation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase regulates the intermediate filament network during cytokinesis. 29021254 8 1 theme vimentin 1253:1260 arg1 phenotype 1269:1277 the vimentin bridge phenotype 1249:1277 the vimentin bridge phenotype 1249:1277 Lastly, expression of plasmids resistant to siOGT efficiently rescued the vimentin bridge phenotype, but the OGT-S20A rescue plasmids did not. 29021254 1 2 theme spindle 269:275 arg1 checkpoint 286:295 the spindle assembly checkpoint 265:295 the spindle assembly checkpoint 265:295 Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) is a kinase instrumental for orchestrating DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoints, the spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. 29021254 0 3 theme intermediate 104:115 arg1 network 126:132 the intermediate filament network 100:132 the intermediate filament network 100:132 Checkpoint kinase 1-induced phosphorylation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase regulates the intermediate filament network during cytokinesis. 29021254 7 4 theme vimentin 1094:1101 arg1 bridges 1103:1109 elongated vimentin bridges 1084:1109 elongated vimentin bridges 1084:1109 Consequently, elongated vimentin bridges were observed in cells depleted of OGT via an siOGT-based approach. 29021254 2 5 from role 338:341 arg1 processes 364:372 multiple cellular processes 346:372 multiple cellular processes 346:372 Despite Chk1's pivotal role in multiple cellular processes, many of its substrates remain elusive. 29021254 1 6 theme assembly 277:284 arg1 checkpoint 286:295 the spindle assembly checkpoint 265:295 the spindle assembly checkpoint 265:295 Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) is a kinase instrumental for orchestrating DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoints, the spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. 29021254 6 7 theme O-GlcNAcylation 891:905 arg1 levels 907:912 cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels 882:912 cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels 882:912 Moreover, phospho-deficient OGT (S20A) cells attenuated cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels and also reduced phosphorylation of Ser-71 in the cytoskeletal protein vimentin, a modification critical for severing vimentin filament during cytokinesis. 29021254 8 8 theme resistant 1210:1218 arg1 plasmids 1201:1208 plasmids 1201:1208 plasmids resistant to siOGT 1201:1227 Lastly, expression of plasmids resistant to siOGT efficiently rescued the vimentin bridge phenotype, but the OGT-S20A rescue plasmids did not. 29021254 6 9 theme cellular 882:889 arg1 levels 907:912 cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels 882:912 cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels 882:912 Moreover, phospho-deficient OGT (S20A) cells attenuated cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels and also reduced phosphorylation of Ser-71 in the cytoskeletal protein vimentin, a modification critical for severing vimentin filament during cytokinesis. 29021254 3 10 link O-linked 434:441 arg1 -transferase 475:486 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-transferase 434:486 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-transferase (OGT) 434:492 Here, we identified O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-transferase (OGT) as one of Chk1's substrates. 29021254 3 10 link O-linked 434:441 arg1 OGT 489:491 OGT 489:491 OGT 489:491 Here, we identified O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-transferase (OGT) as one of Chk1's substrates. 29021254 7 11 theme siOGT-based 1157:1167 arg1 approach 1169:1176 an siOGT-based approach 1154:1176 an siOGT-based approach 1154:1176 Consequently, elongated vimentin bridges were observed in cells depleted of OGT via an siOGT-based approach. 29021254 6 12 theme critical 1010:1017 arg1 modification 997:1008 a modification 995:1008 a modification critical for severing vimentin filament during cytokinesis 995:1067 Moreover, phospho-deficient OGT (S20A) cells attenuated cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels and also reduced phosphorylation of Ser-71 in the cytoskeletal protein vimentin, a modification critical for severing vimentin filament during cytokinesis. 29021254 6 12 theme critical 1010:1017 arg1 vimentin 985:992 the cytoskeletal protein vimentin 960:992 the cytoskeletal protein vimentin 960:992 Moreover, phospho-deficient OGT (S20A) cells attenuated cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels and also reduced phosphorylation of Ser-71 in the cytoskeletal protein vimentin, a modification critical for severing vimentin filament during cytokinesis. 29021254 8 13 theme plasmids 1201:1208 arg1 expression 1187:1196 expression 1187:1196 expression of plasmids resistant to siOGT 1187:1227 Lastly, expression of plasmids resistant to siOGT efficiently rescued the vimentin bridge phenotype, but the OGT-S20A rescue plasmids did not. 29021254 1 14 theme instrumental 193:204 arg1 kinase 186:191 a kinase 184:191 a kinase instrumental for orchestrating DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoints, the spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis 184:312 Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) is a kinase instrumental for orchestrating DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoints, the spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. 29021254 1 14 theme instrumental 193:204 arg1 Chk1 175:178 Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) 154:179 Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) 154:179 Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) is a kinase instrumental for orchestrating DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoints, the spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. 29021254 0 15 theme kinase 11:16 arg1 phosphorylation 28:42 Checkpoint kinase 1-induced phosphorylation 0:42 Checkpoint kinase 1-induced phosphorylation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:88 Checkpoint kinase 1-induced phosphorylation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase regulates the intermediate filament network during cytokinesis. 29021254 9 16 theme Chk1-OGT-vimentin 1344:1360 arg1 pathway 1362:1368 a Chk1-OGT-vimentin pathway 1342:1368 a Chk1-OGT-vimentin pathway that regulates the intermediate filament network during cytokinesis 1342:1436 Our results suggest a Chk1-OGT-vimentin pathway that regulates the intermediate filament network during cytokinesis. 29021254 3 17 theme O-linked 434:441 arg1 -transferase 475:486 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-transferase 434:486 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-transferase (OGT) 434:492 Here, we identified O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-transferase (OGT) as one of Chk1's substrates. 29021254 3 17 theme O-linked 434:441 arg1 OGT 489:491 OGT 489:491 OGT 489:491 Here, we identified O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-transferase (OGT) as one of Chk1's substrates. 29021254 0 18 theme Checkpoint 0:9 arg1 phosphorylation 28:42 Checkpoint kinase 1-induced phosphorylation 0:42 Checkpoint kinase 1-induced phosphorylation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:88 Checkpoint kinase 1-induced phosphorylation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase regulates the intermediate filament network during cytokinesis. 29021254 0 19 link O-linked 47:54 arg1 transferase 78:88 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 47:88 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 47:88 Checkpoint kinase 1-induced phosphorylation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase regulates the intermediate filament network during cytokinesis. 29021254 2 20 theme pivotal 330:336 arg1 role 338:341 Chk1's pivotal role 323:341 Chk1's pivotal role in multiple cellular processes 323:372 Despite Chk1's pivotal role in multiple cellular processes, many of its substrates remain elusive. 29021254 2 21 theme substrates 387:396 arg1 many 375:378 many 375:378 many 375:378 Despite Chk1's pivotal role in multiple cellular processes, many of its substrates remain elusive. 29021254 2 21 theme substrates 387:396 arg1 substrates 387:396 its substrates 383:396 its substrates 383:396 Despite Chk1's pivotal role in multiple cellular processes, many of its substrates remain elusive. 29021254 6 22 theme protein 977:983 arg1 modification 997:1008 a modification 995:1008 a modification critical for severing vimentin filament during cytokinesis 995:1067 Moreover, phospho-deficient OGT (S20A) cells attenuated cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels and also reduced phosphorylation of Ser-71 in the cytoskeletal protein vimentin, a modification critical for severing vimentin filament during cytokinesis. 29021254 6 22 theme protein 977:983 arg1 vimentin 985:992 the cytoskeletal protein vimentin 960:992 the cytoskeletal protein vimentin 960:992 Moreover, phospho-deficient OGT (S20A) cells attenuated cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels and also reduced phosphorylation of Ser-71 in the cytoskeletal protein vimentin, a modification critical for severing vimentin filament during cytokinesis. 29021254 5 23 theme OGT-pSer-20 691:701 arg1 antibodies 677:686 Phospho-specific antibodies 660:686 Phospho-specific antibodies of OGT-pSer-20 660:701 Phospho-specific antibodies of OGT-pSer-20 exhibited specific signals at the midbody of the cell, consistent with midbody localization of OGT as reported previously. 29021254 1 24 theme DNA 224:226 arg1 replication 228:238 DNA replication 224:238 DNA replication 224:238 Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) is a kinase instrumental for orchestrating DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoints, the spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. 29021254 0 25 theme 1-induced 18:26 arg1 phosphorylation 28:42 Checkpoint kinase 1-induced phosphorylation 0:42 Checkpoint kinase 1-induced phosphorylation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:88 Checkpoint kinase 1-induced phosphorylation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase regulates the intermediate filament network during cytokinesis. 29021254 6 26 theme cytoskeletal 964:975 arg1 modification 997:1008 a modification 995:1008 a modification critical for severing vimentin filament during cytokinesis 995:1067 Moreover, phospho-deficient OGT (S20A) cells attenuated cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels and also reduced phosphorylation of Ser-71 in the cytoskeletal protein vimentin, a modification critical for severing vimentin filament during cytokinesis. 29021254 6 26 theme cytoskeletal 964:975 arg1 vimentin 985:992 the cytoskeletal protein vimentin 960:992 the cytoskeletal protein vimentin 960:992 Moreover, phospho-deficient OGT (S20A) cells attenuated cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels and also reduced phosphorylation of Ser-71 in the cytoskeletal protein vimentin, a modification critical for severing vimentin filament during cytokinesis. 29021254 0 27 theme O-linked 47:54 arg1 transferase 78:88 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 47:88 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 47:88 Checkpoint kinase 1-induced phosphorylation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase regulates the intermediate filament network during cytokinesis. 29021254 2 28 theme cellular 355:362 arg1 processes 364:372 multiple cellular processes 346:372 multiple cellular processes 346:372 Despite Chk1's pivotal role in multiple cellular processes, many of its substrates remain elusive. 29021254 5 29 theme specific 713:720 arg1 signals 722:728 specific signals 713:728 specific signals 713:728 Phospho-specific antibodies of OGT-pSer-20 exhibited specific signals at the midbody of the cell, consistent with midbody localization of OGT as reported previously. 29021254 6 30 theme S20A 859:862 arg1 cells 865:869 phospho-deficient OGT (S20A) cells 836:869 phospho-deficient OGT (S20A) cells 836:869 Moreover, phospho-deficient OGT (S20A) cells attenuated cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels and also reduced phosphorylation of Ser-71 in the cytoskeletal protein vimentin, a modification critical for severing vimentin filament during cytokinesis. 29021254 3 31 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 443:463 arg1 -transferase 475:486 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-transferase 434:486 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-transferase (OGT) 434:492 Here, we identified O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-transferase (OGT) as one of Chk1's substrates. 29021254 3 31 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 443:463 arg1 OGT 489:491 OGT 489:491 OGT 489:491 Here, we identified O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-transferase (OGT) as one of Chk1's substrates. 29021254 5 32 theme midbody 774:780 arg1 localization 782:793 midbody localization 774:793 midbody localization of OGT 774:800 Phospho-specific antibodies of OGT-pSer-20 exhibited specific signals at the midbody of the cell, consistent with midbody localization of OGT as reported previously. 29021254 9 33 theme intermediate 1389:1400 arg1 network 1411:1417 the intermediate filament network 1385:1417 the intermediate filament network 1385:1417 Our results suggest a Chk1-OGT-vimentin pathway that regulates the intermediate filament network during cytokinesis. 29021254 7 34 theme elongated 1084:1092 arg1 bridges 1103:1109 elongated vimentin bridges 1084:1109 elongated vimentin bridges 1084:1109 Consequently, elongated vimentin bridges were observed in cells depleted of OGT via an siOGT-based approach. 29021254 1 35 theme DNA 241:243 arg1 checkpoints 252:262 DNA damage checkpoints 241:262 DNA damage checkpoints 241:262 Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) is a kinase instrumental for orchestrating DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoints, the spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. 29021254 0 36 theme transferase 78:88 arg1 phosphorylation 28:42 Checkpoint kinase 1-induced phosphorylation 0:42 Checkpoint kinase 1-induced phosphorylation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:88 Checkpoint kinase 1-induced phosphorylation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase regulates the intermediate filament network during cytokinesis. 29021254 6 37 theme Ser-71 950:955 arg1 phosphorylation 931:945 phosphorylation 931:945 phosphorylation of Ser-71 931:955 Moreover, phospho-deficient OGT (S20A) cells attenuated cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels and also reduced phosphorylation of Ser-71 in the cytoskeletal protein vimentin, a modification critical for severing vimentin filament during cytokinesis. 29021254 6 38 theme OGT 854:856 arg1 cells 865:869 phospho-deficient OGT (S20A) cells 836:869 phospho-deficient OGT (S20A) cells 836:869 Moreover, phospho-deficient OGT (S20A) cells attenuated cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels and also reduced phosphorylation of Ser-71 in the cytoskeletal protein vimentin, a modification critical for severing vimentin filament during cytokinesis. 29021254 1 39 theme Checkpoint 154:163 arg1 kinase 186:191 a kinase 184:191 a kinase instrumental for orchestrating DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoints, the spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis 184:312 Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) is a kinase instrumental for orchestrating DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoints, the spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. 29021254 1 39 theme Checkpoint 154:163 arg1 Chk1 175:178 Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) 154:179 Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) 154:179 Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) is a kinase instrumental for orchestrating DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoints, the spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. 29021254 0 40 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 56:76 arg1 transferase 78:88 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 47:88 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 47:88 Checkpoint kinase 1-induced phosphorylation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase regulates the intermediate filament network during cytokinesis. 29021254 5 41 theme Phospho-specific 660:675 arg1 antibodies 677:686 Phospho-specific antibodies 660:686 Phospho-specific antibodies of OGT-pSer-20 660:701 Phospho-specific antibodies of OGT-pSer-20 exhibited specific signals at the midbody of the cell, consistent with midbody localization of OGT as reported previously. 29021254 6 42 theme phospho-deficient 836:852 arg1 cells 865:869 phospho-deficient OGT (S20A) cells 836:869 phospho-deficient OGT (S20A) cells 836:869 Moreover, phospho-deficient OGT (S20A) cells attenuated cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels and also reduced phosphorylation of Ser-71 in the cytoskeletal protein vimentin, a modification critical for severing vimentin filament during cytokinesis. 29021254 1 43 theme kinase 165:170 arg1 kinase 186:191 a kinase 184:191 a kinase instrumental for orchestrating DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoints, the spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis 184:312 Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) is a kinase instrumental for orchestrating DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoints, the spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. 29021254 1 43 theme kinase 165:170 arg1 Chk1 175:178 Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) 154:179 Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) 154:179 Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) is a kinase instrumental for orchestrating DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoints, the spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. 29021254 2 44 theme multiple 346:353 arg1 processes 364:372 multiple cellular processes 346:372 multiple cellular processes 346:372 Despite Chk1's pivotal role in multiple cellular processes, many of its substrates remain elusive. 29021254 1 45 theme damage 245:250 arg1 checkpoints 252:262 DNA damage checkpoints 241:262 DNA damage checkpoints 241:262 Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) is a kinase instrumental for orchestrating DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoints, the spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. 29021254 5 46 with consistent 758:767 arg1 localization 782:793 midbody localization 774:793 midbody localization of OGT 774:800 Phospho-specific antibodies of OGT-pSer-20 exhibited specific signals at the midbody of the cell, consistent with midbody localization of OGT as reported previously. 29021254 7 47 located observed 1116:1123 arg2 bridges 1103:1109 elongated vimentin bridges 1084:1109 elongated vimentin bridges 1084:1109 Consequently, elongated vimentin bridges were observed in cells depleted of OGT via an siOGT-based approach. 29021254 7 47 located observed 1116:1123 arg1 cells 1128:1132 cells 1128:1132 cells depleted of OGT via an siOGT-based approach 1128:1176 Consequently, elongated vimentin bridges were observed in cells depleted of OGT via an siOGT-based approach. 29021254 6 48 theme vimentin 1032:1039 arg1 filament 1041:1048 vimentin filament 1032:1048 vimentin filament 1032:1048 Moreover, phospho-deficient OGT (S20A) cells attenuated cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels and also reduced phosphorylation of Ser-71 in the cytoskeletal protein vimentin, a modification critical for severing vimentin filament during cytokinesis. 29021254 8 49 theme rescue 1297:1302 arg1 plasmids 1304:1311 the OGT-S20A rescue plasmids 1284:1311 the OGT-S20A rescue plasmids 1284:1311 Lastly, expression of plasmids resistant to siOGT efficiently rescued the vimentin bridge phenotype, but the OGT-S20A rescue plasmids did not. 29021254 8 50 theme OGT-S20A 1288:1295 arg1 plasmids 1304:1311 the OGT-S20A rescue plasmids 1284:1311 the OGT-S20A rescue plasmids 1284:1311 Lastly, expression of plasmids resistant to siOGT efficiently rescued the vimentin bridge phenotype, but the OGT-S20A rescue plasmids did not. 29021254 3 51 theme substrates 511:520 arg1 one 497:499 one 497:499 one 497:499 Here, we identified O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-transferase (OGT) as one of Chk1's substrates. 29021254 3 51 theme substrates 511:520 arg1 substrates 511:520 Chk1's substrates 504:520 Chk1's substrates 504:520 Here, we identified O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-transferase (OGT) as one of Chk1's substrates. 29021254 3 52 theme O-GlcNAc 466:473 arg1 -transferase 475:486 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-transferase 434:486 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-transferase (OGT) 434:492 Here, we identified O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-transferase (OGT) as one of Chk1's substrates. 29021254 3 52 theme O-GlcNAc 466:473 arg1 OGT 489:491 OGT 489:491 OGT 489:491 Here, we identified O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-transferase (OGT) as one of Chk1's substrates. 29021254 5 53 theme cell 752:755 arg1 midbody 737:743 the midbody 733:743 the midbody of the cell 733:755 Phospho-specific antibodies of OGT-pSer-20 exhibited specific signals at the midbody of the cell, consistent with midbody localization of OGT as reported previously. 29021254 8 54 theme bridge 1262:1267 arg1 phenotype 1269:1277 the vimentin bridge phenotype 1249:1277 the vimentin bridge phenotype 1249:1277 Lastly, expression of plasmids resistant to siOGT efficiently rescued the vimentin bridge phenotype, but the OGT-S20A rescue plasmids did not. 29021254 5 55 theme OGT 798:800 arg1 localization 782:793 midbody localization 774:793 midbody localization of OGT 774:800 Phospho-specific antibodies of OGT-pSer-20 exhibited specific signals at the midbody of the cell, consistent with midbody localization of OGT as reported previously. 29021254 9 56 theme filament 1402:1409 arg1 network 1411:1417 the intermediate filament network 1385:1417 the intermediate filament network 1385:1417 Our results suggest a Chk1-OGT-vimentin pathway that regulates the intermediate filament network during cytokinesis. 27273889 4 0 theme addition 883:890 arg1 function 829:836 a function 827:836 a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition 827:890 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 4 0 theme addition 883:890 arg1 configuration 788:800 the parameter configuration 774:800 the parameter configuration of the coupled models 774:822 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 6 1 theme media 1304:1308 arg1 components 1310:1319 media components 1304:1319 media components 1304:1319 A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern throughout the culture were chosen to demonstrate the predictive capability of the modeling framework, which is able to quantify the interconnected influence of media components and cell culture conditions. 27273889 1 2 theme many 228:231 arg1 glycoproteins 239:251 many other glycoproteins 228:251 many other glycoproteins 228:251 N-linked glycosylation is known to be a crucial factor for the therapeutic efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and many other glycoproteins. 27273889 7 3 theme cell 1507:1510 arg1 processes 1520:1528 cell culture processes 1507:1528 cell culture processes 1507:1528 Such a model-based evaluation of feeding regimes using high-throughput tools and mathematical models gives rise to a more rational way to control and design cell culture processes with defined glycosylation patterns. 27273889 2 4 theme nontemplate 258:268 arg1 process 270:276 The nontemplate process 254:276 The nontemplate process of glycosylation 254:293 The nontemplate process of glycosylation is influenced by external factors which have to be tightly controlled during the manufacturing process. 27273889 4 5 from bioreactors 676:686 arg1 combination 691:701 combination 691:701 combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars 691:754 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 1 6 theme glycoproteins 239:251 arg1 safety 185:190 safety 185:190 safety 185:190 N-linked glycosylation is known to be a crucial factor for the therapeutic efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and many other glycoproteins. 27273889 1 6 theme glycoproteins 239:251 arg1 efficacy 172:179 therapeutic efficacy 160:179 therapeutic efficacy 160:179 N-linked glycosylation is known to be a crucial factor for the therapeutic efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and many other glycoproteins. 27273889 4 7 with combination 691:701 arg1 measurements 722:733 intracellular measurements 708:733 intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars 708:754 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 3 8 theme dynamic 515:521 arg1 model 536:540 an existing dynamic mathematical model 503:540 an existing dynamic mathematical model 503:540 In order to describe and predict mAb N-linked glycosylation patterns in a CHO-S cell fed-batch process, an existing dynamic mathematical model has been refined and coupled to an unstructured metabolic model. 27273889 0 9 link N-linked 38:45 arg1 glycosylation 47:59 mAb N-linked glycosylation 34:59 mAb N-linked glycosylation 34:59 Controlling the time evolution of mAb N-linked glycosylation - Part II: Model-based predictions. 27273889 4 10 theme galactose 873:881 arg1 addition 883:890 galactose addition 873:890 galactose addition 873:890 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 7 11 theme mathematical 1431:1442 arg1 models 1444:1449 mathematical models 1431:1449 mathematical models 1431:1449 Such a model-based evaluation of feeding regimes using high-throughput tools and mathematical models gives rise to a more rational way to control and design cell culture processes with defined glycosylation patterns. 27273889 4 12 theme culture 628:634 arg1 experiments 636:646 High-throughput cell culture experiments 607:646 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars 607:754 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 3 13 theme unstructured 577:588 arg1 model 600:604 an unstructured metabolic model 574:604 an unstructured metabolic model 574:604 In order to describe and predict mAb N-linked glycosylation patterns in a CHO-S cell fed-batch process, an existing dynamic mathematical model has been refined and coupled to an unstructured metabolic model. 27273889 1 14 theme monoclonal 195:204 arg1 mAbs 218:221 mAbs 218:221 mAbs 218:221 N-linked glycosylation is known to be a crucial factor for the therapeutic efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and many other glycoproteins. 27273889 1 14 theme monoclonal 195:204 arg1 antibodies 206:215 monoclonal antibodies 195:215 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 195:222 N-linked glycosylation is known to be a crucial factor for the therapeutic efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and many other glycoproteins. 27273889 6 15 theme culture 1330:1336 arg1 conditions 1338:1347 cell culture conditions 1325:1347 cell culture conditions 1325:1347 A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern throughout the culture were chosen to demonstrate the predictive capability of the modeling framework, which is able to quantify the interconnected influence of media components and cell culture conditions. 27273889 7 16 theme feeding 1383:1389 arg1 regimes 1391:1397 feeding regimes 1383:1397 feeding regimes using high-throughput tools and mathematical models 1383:1449 Such a model-based evaluation of feeding regimes using high-throughput tools and mathematical models gives rise to a more rational way to control and design cell culture processes with defined glycosylation patterns. 27273889 6 17 theme framework 1235:1243 arg1 capability 1208:1217 the predictive capability 1193:1217 the predictive capability of the modeling framework, which is able to quantify the interconnected influence of media components and cell culture conditions 1193:1347 A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern throughout the culture were chosen to demonstrate the predictive capability of the modeling framework, which is able to quantify the interconnected influence of media components and cell culture conditions. 27273889 4 18 theme sugars 749:754 arg1 measurements 722:733 intracellular measurements 708:733 intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars 708:754 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 5 19 theme modeling 906:913 arg1 framework 915:923 The proposed modeling framework 893:923 The proposed modeling framework 893:923 The proposed modeling framework is able to predict the time evolution of N-linked glycosylation patterns during a fed-batch process as a function of time as well as the manipulated variables. 27273889 5 19 theme modeling 906:913 arg1 able 928:931 able 928:931 able 928:931 The proposed modeling framework is able to predict the time evolution of N-linked glycosylation patterns during a fed-batch process as a function of time as well as the manipulated variables. 27273889 4 20 theme intracellular 708:720 arg1 measurements 722:733 intracellular measurements 708:733 intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars 708:754 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 6 21 theme modeling 1226:1233 arg1 framework 1235:1243 the modeling framework 1222:1243 the modeling framework 1222:1243 A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern throughout the culture were chosen to demonstrate the predictive capability of the modeling framework, which is able to quantify the interconnected influence of media components and cell culture conditions. 27273889 6 21 theme modeling 1226:1233 arg1 able 1255:1258 able 1255:1258 able 1255:1258 A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern throughout the culture were chosen to demonstrate the predictive capability of the modeling framework, which is able to quantify the interconnected influence of media components and cell culture conditions. 27273889 4 22 theme parameter 778:786 arg1 function 829:836 a function 827:836 a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition 827:890 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 4 22 theme parameter 778:786 arg1 configuration 788:800 the parameter configuration 774:800 the parameter configuration of the coupled models 774:822 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 5 23 theme N-linked 966:973 arg1 patterns 989:996 N-linked glycosylation patterns 966:996 N-linked glycosylation patterns 966:996 The proposed modeling framework is able to predict the time evolution of N-linked glycosylation patterns during a fed-batch process as a function of time as well as the manipulated variables. 27273889 0 24 theme Model-based 72:82 arg1 predictions 84:94 Model-based predictions 72:94 Model-based predictions 72:94 Controlling the time evolution of mAb N-linked glycosylation - Part II: Model-based predictions. 27273889 6 25 theme predictive 1197:1206 arg1 capability 1208:1217 the predictive capability 1193:1217 the predictive capability of the modeling framework, which is able to quantify the interconnected influence of media components and cell culture conditions 1193:1347 A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern throughout the culture were chosen to demonstrate the predictive capability of the modeling framework, which is able to quantify the interconnected influence of media components and cell culture conditions. 27273889 5 26 theme patterns 989:996 arg1 evolution 953:961 the time evolution 944:961 the time evolution of N-linked glycosylation patterns 944:996 The proposed modeling framework is able to predict the time evolution of N-linked glycosylation patterns during a fed-batch process as a function of time as well as the manipulated variables. 27273889 2 27 theme manufacturing 376:388 arg1 process 390:396 the manufacturing process 372:396 the manufacturing process 372:396 The nontemplate process of glycosylation is influenced by external factors which have to be tightly controlled during the manufacturing process. 27273889 7 28 theme model-based 1357:1367 arg1 evaluation 1369:1378 Such a model-based evaluation 1350:1378 Such a model-based evaluation of feeding regimes using high-throughput tools and mathematical models 1350:1449 Such a model-based evaluation of feeding regimes using high-throughput tools and mathematical models gives rise to a more rational way to control and design cell culture processes with defined glycosylation patterns. 27273889 1 29 gly glycoproteins 239:251 arg1 glycoproteins 239:251 many other glycoproteins 228:251 many other glycoproteins 228:251 N-linked glycosylation is known to be a crucial factor for the therapeutic efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and many other glycoproteins. 27273889 3 30 theme glycosylation 445:457 arg1 patterns 459:466 mAb N-linked glycosylation patterns 432:466 mAb N-linked glycosylation patterns 432:466 In order to describe and predict mAb N-linked glycosylation patterns in a CHO-S cell fed-batch process, an existing dynamic mathematical model has been refined and coupled to an unstructured metabolic model. 27273889 0 31 theme time 16:19 arg1 evolution 21:29 the time evolution 12:29 the time evolution of mAb N-linked glycosylation 12:59 Controlling the time evolution of mAb N-linked glycosylation - Part II: Model-based predictions. 27273889 1 32 theme N-linked 97:104 arg1 glycosylation 106:118 N-linked glycosylation 97:118 N-linked glycosylation 97:118 N-linked glycosylation is known to be a crucial factor for the therapeutic efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and many other glycoproteins. 27273889 1 32 theme N-linked 97:104 arg1 factor 145:150 a crucial factor 135:150 a crucial factor for the therapeutic efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and many other glycoproteins 135:251 N-linked glycosylation is known to be a crucial factor for the therapeutic efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and many other glycoproteins. 27273889 8 33 theme Chemical 1596:1603 arg1 Engineers 1605:1613 Chemical Engineers 1596:1613 Chemical Engineers 1596:1613 © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. 27273889 3 34 theme mAb 432:434 arg1 patterns 459:466 mAb N-linked glycosylation patterns 432:466 mAb N-linked glycosylation patterns 432:466 In order to describe and predict mAb N-linked glycosylation patterns in a CHO-S cell fed-batch process, an existing dynamic mathematical model has been refined and coupled to an unstructured metabolic model. 27273889 4 35 theme extracellular 841:853 arg1 pH 855:856 extracellular pH 841:856 extracellular pH 841:856 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 3 36 theme CHO-S 473:477 arg1 process 494:500 a CHO-S cell fed-batch process 471:500 a CHO-S cell fed-batch process 471:500 In order to describe and predict mAb N-linked glycosylation patterns in a CHO-S cell fed-batch process, an existing dynamic mathematical model has been refined and coupled to an unstructured metabolic model. 27273889 0 37 theme N-linked 38:45 arg1 glycosylation 47:59 mAb N-linked glycosylation 34:59 mAb N-linked glycosylation 34:59 Controlling the time evolution of mAb N-linked glycosylation - Part II: Model-based predictions. 27273889 7 38 dep control 1488:1494 arg1 processes 1520:1528 cell culture processes 1507:1528 cell culture processes 1507:1528 Such a model-based evaluation of feeding regimes using high-throughput tools and mathematical models gives rise to a more rational way to control and design cell culture processes with defined glycosylation patterns. 27273889 7 39 theme glycosylation 1543:1555 arg1 patterns 1557:1564 defined glycosylation patterns 1535:1564 defined glycosylation patterns 1535:1564 Such a model-based evaluation of feeding regimes using high-throughput tools and mathematical models gives rise to a more rational way to control and design cell culture processes with defined glycosylation patterns. 27273889 4 40 theme coupled 809:815 arg1 models 817:822 the coupled models 805:822 the coupled models 805:822 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 2 41 theme external 312:319 arg1 factors 321:327 external factors 312:327 external factors which have to be tightly controlled during the manufacturing process 312:396 The nontemplate process of glycosylation is influenced by external factors which have to be tightly controlled during the manufacturing process. 27273889 1 42 theme antibodies 206:215 arg1 safety 185:190 safety 185:190 safety 185:190 N-linked glycosylation is known to be a crucial factor for the therapeutic efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and many other glycoproteins. 27273889 1 42 theme antibodies 206:215 arg1 efficacy 172:179 therapeutic efficacy 160:179 therapeutic efficacy 160:179 N-linked glycosylation is known to be a crucial factor for the therapeutic efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and many other glycoproteins. 27273889 6 43 theme glycosylation 1121:1133 arg1 pattern 1135:1141 A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern 1085:1141 A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern throughout the culture 1085:1164 A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern throughout the culture were chosen to demonstrate the predictive capability of the modeling framework, which is able to quantify the interconnected influence of media components and cell culture conditions. 27273889 5 44 link N-linked 966:973 arg1 patterns 989:996 N-linked glycosylation patterns 966:996 N-linked glycosylation patterns 966:996 The proposed modeling framework is able to predict the time evolution of N-linked glycosylation patterns during a fed-batch process as a function of time as well as the manipulated variables. 27273889 7 45 theme culture 1512:1518 arg1 processes 1520:1528 cell culture processes 1507:1528 cell culture processes 1507:1528 Such a model-based evaluation of feeding regimes using high-throughput tools and mathematical models gives rise to a more rational way to control and design cell culture processes with defined glycosylation patterns. 27273889 0 46 dep Controlling 0:10 arg1 predictions 84:94 Model-based predictions 72:94 Model-based predictions 72:94 Controlling the time evolution of mAb N-linked glycosylation - Part II: Model-based predictions. 27273889 0 46 dep Controlling 0:10 arg1 Part 63:66 Part II 63:69 Part II 63:69 Controlling the time evolution of mAb N-linked glycosylation - Part II: Model-based predictions. 27273889 6 47 theme components 1310:1319 arg1 influence 1291:1299 the interconnected influence 1272:1299 the interconnected influence of media components and cell culture conditions 1272:1347 A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern throughout the culture were chosen to demonstrate the predictive capability of the modeling framework, which is able to quantify the interconnected influence of media components and cell culture conditions. 27273889 3 48 theme fed-batch 484:492 arg1 process 494:500 a CHO-S cell fed-batch process 471:500 a CHO-S cell fed-batch process 471:500 In order to describe and predict mAb N-linked glycosylation patterns in a CHO-S cell fed-batch process, an existing dynamic mathematical model has been refined and coupled to an unstructured metabolic model. 27273889 3 49 link N-linked 436:443 arg1 patterns 459:466 mAb N-linked glycosylation patterns 432:466 mAb N-linked glycosylation patterns 432:466 In order to describe and predict mAb N-linked glycosylation patterns in a CHO-S cell fed-batch process, an existing dynamic mathematical model has been refined and coupled to an unstructured metabolic model. 27273889 3 50 theme mathematical 523:534 arg1 model 536:540 an existing dynamic mathematical model 503:540 an existing dynamic mathematical model 503:540 In order to describe and predict mAb N-linked glycosylation patterns in a CHO-S cell fed-batch process, an existing dynamic mathematical model has been refined and coupled to an unstructured metabolic model. 27273889 4 51 used used 761:764 arg2 experiments 636:646 High-throughput cell culture experiments 607:646 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars 607:754 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 1 52 theme other 233:237 arg1 glycoproteins 239:251 many other glycoproteins 228:251 many other glycoproteins 228:251 N-linked glycosylation is known to be a crucial factor for the therapeutic efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and many other glycoproteins. 27273889 7 53 theme rational 1472:1479 arg1 way 1481:1483 a more rational way 1465:1483 a more rational way to control and design cell culture processes with defined glycosylation patterns 1465:1564 Such a model-based evaluation of feeding regimes using high-throughput tools and mathematical models gives rise to a more rational way to control and design cell culture processes with defined glycosylation patterns. 27273889 6 54 theme interconnected 1276:1289 arg1 influence 1291:1299 the interconnected influence 1272:1299 the interconnected influence of media components and cell culture conditions 1272:1347 A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern throughout the culture were chosen to demonstrate the predictive capability of the modeling framework, which is able to quantify the interconnected influence of media components and cell culture conditions. 27273889 3 55 theme existing 506:513 arg1 model 536:540 an existing dynamic mathematical model 503:540 an existing dynamic mathematical model 503:540 In order to describe and predict mAb N-linked glycosylation patterns in a CHO-S cell fed-batch process, an existing dynamic mathematical model has been refined and coupled to an unstructured metabolic model. 27273889 4 56 theme pH 855:856 arg1 function 829:836 a function 827:836 a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition 827:890 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 4 56 theme pH 855:856 arg1 configuration 788:800 the parameter configuration 774:800 the parameter configuration of the coupled models 774:822 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 1 57 theme therapeutic 160:170 arg1 efficacy 172:179 therapeutic efficacy 160:179 therapeutic efficacy 160:179 N-linked glycosylation is known to be a crucial factor for the therapeutic efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and many other glycoproteins. 27273889 4 58 theme manganese 859:867 arg1 function 829:836 a function 827:836 a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition 827:890 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 4 58 theme manganese 859:867 arg1 configuration 788:800 the parameter configuration 774:800 the parameter configuration of the coupled models 774:822 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 4 59 theme miniaturized 663:674 arg1 bioreactors 676:686 miniaturized bioreactors 663:686 miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars 663:754 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 2 60 theme glycosylation 281:293 arg1 process 270:276 The nontemplate process 254:276 The nontemplate process of glycosylation 254:293 The nontemplate process of glycosylation is influenced by external factors which have to be tightly controlled during the manufacturing process. 27273889 4 61 theme cell 623:626 arg1 experiments 636:646 High-throughput cell culture experiments 607:646 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars 607:754 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 6 62 theme conditions 1338:1347 arg1 influence 1291:1299 the interconnected influence 1272:1299 the interconnected influence of media components and cell culture conditions 1272:1347 A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern throughout the culture were chosen to demonstrate the predictive capability of the modeling framework, which is able to quantify the interconnected influence of media components and cell culture conditions. 27273889 8 63 dep Biotechnol 1615:1624 arg1 Institute 1583:1591 Institute 1583:1591 Institute 1583:1591 © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. 27273889 7 64 theme high-throughput 1405:1419 arg1 tools 1421:1425 high-throughput tools 1405:1425 high-throughput tools 1405:1425 Such a model-based evaluation of feeding regimes using high-throughput tools and mathematical models gives rise to a more rational way to control and design cell culture processes with defined glycosylation patterns. 27273889 6 65 theme cell 1325:1328 arg1 conditions 1338:1347 cell culture conditions 1325:1347 cell culture conditions 1325:1347 A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern throughout the culture were chosen to demonstrate the predictive capability of the modeling framework, which is able to quantify the interconnected influence of media components and cell culture conditions. 27273889 7 66 theme regimes 1391:1397 arg1 evaluation 1369:1378 Such a model-based evaluation 1350:1378 Such a model-based evaluation of feeding regimes using high-throughput tools and mathematical models 1350:1449 Such a model-based evaluation of feeding regimes using high-throughput tools and mathematical models gives rise to a more rational way to control and design cell culture processes with defined glycosylation patterns. 27273889 4 67 theme nucleotide 738:747 arg1 sugars 749:754 nucleotide sugars 738:754 nucleotide sugars 738:754 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 5 68 theme manipulated 1062:1072 arg1 variables 1074:1082 the manipulated variables 1058:1082 a function of time as well as the manipulated variables 1028:1082 The proposed modeling framework is able to predict the time evolution of N-linked glycosylation patterns during a fed-batch process as a function of time as well as the manipulated variables. 27273889 3 69 theme metabolic 590:598 arg1 model 600:604 an unstructured metabolic model 574:604 an unstructured metabolic model 574:604 In order to describe and predict mAb N-linked glycosylation patterns in a CHO-S cell fed-batch process, an existing dynamic mathematical model has been refined and coupled to an unstructured metabolic model. 27273889 5 70 theme proposed 897:904 arg1 framework 915:923 The proposed modeling framework 893:923 The proposed modeling framework 893:923 The proposed modeling framework is able to predict the time evolution of N-linked glycosylation patterns during a fed-batch process as a function of time as well as the manipulated variables. 27273889 5 70 theme proposed 897:904 arg1 able 928:931 able 928:931 able 928:931 The proposed modeling framework is able to predict the time evolution of N-linked glycosylation patterns during a fed-batch process as a function of time as well as the manipulated variables. 27273889 1 71 theme crucial 137:143 arg1 glycosylation 106:118 N-linked glycosylation 97:118 N-linked glycosylation 97:118 N-linked glycosylation is known to be a crucial factor for the therapeutic efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and many other glycoproteins. 27273889 1 71 theme crucial 137:143 arg1 factor 145:150 a crucial factor 135:150 a crucial factor for the therapeutic efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and many other glycoproteins 135:251 N-linked glycosylation is known to be a crucial factor for the therapeutic efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and many other glycoproteins. 27273889 5 72 theme glycosylation 975:987 arg1 patterns 989:996 N-linked glycosylation patterns 966:996 N-linked glycosylation patterns 966:996 The proposed modeling framework is able to predict the time evolution of N-linked glycosylation patterns during a fed-batch process as a function of time as well as the manipulated variables. 27273889 6 73 theme constant 1087:1094 arg1 pattern 1135:1141 A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern 1085:1141 A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern throughout the culture 1085:1164 A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern throughout the culture were chosen to demonstrate the predictive capability of the modeling framework, which is able to quantify the interconnected influence of media components and cell culture conditions. 27273889 5 74 theme time 948:951 arg1 evolution 953:961 the time evolution 944:961 the time evolution of N-linked glycosylation patterns 944:996 The proposed modeling framework is able to predict the time evolution of N-linked glycosylation patterns during a fed-batch process as a function of time as well as the manipulated variables. 27273889 0 75 theme mAb 34:36 arg1 glycosylation 47:59 mAb N-linked glycosylation 34:59 mAb N-linked glycosylation 34:59 Controlling the time evolution of mAb N-linked glycosylation - Part II: Model-based predictions. 27273889 1 76 dep efficacy 172:179 arg1 the 156:158 the 156:158 the 156:158 N-linked glycosylation is known to be a crucial factor for the therapeutic efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and many other glycoproteins. 27273889 3 77 theme N-linked 436:443 arg1 patterns 459:466 mAb N-linked glycosylation patterns 432:466 mAb N-linked glycosylation patterns 432:466 In order to describe and predict mAb N-linked glycosylation patterns in a CHO-S cell fed-batch process, an existing dynamic mathematical model has been refined and coupled to an unstructured metabolic model. 27273889 0 78 theme glycosylation 47:59 arg1 evolution 21:29 the time evolution 12:29 the time evolution of mAb N-linked glycosylation 12:59 Controlling the time evolution of mAb N-linked glycosylation - Part II: Model-based predictions. 27273889 5 79 theme time 1042:1045 arg1 variables 1074:1082 the manipulated variables 1058:1082 a function of time as well as the manipulated variables 1028:1082 The proposed modeling framework is able to predict the time evolution of N-linked glycosylation patterns during a fed-batch process as a function of time as well as the manipulated variables. 27273889 5 79 theme time 1042:1045 arg1 function 1030:1037 a function 1028:1037 a function of time as well as the manipulated variables 1028:1082 The proposed modeling framework is able to predict the time evolution of N-linked glycosylation patterns during a fed-batch process as a function of time as well as the manipulated variables. 27273889 3 80 theme cell 479:482 arg1 process 494:500 a CHO-S cell fed-batch process 471:500 a CHO-S cell fed-batch process 471:500 In order to describe and predict mAb N-linked glycosylation patterns in a CHO-S cell fed-batch process, an existing dynamic mathematical model has been refined and coupled to an unstructured metabolic model. 27273889 5 81 theme fed-batch 1007:1015 arg1 process 1017:1023 a fed-batch process 1005:1023 a fed-batch process as a function of time as well as the manipulated variables 1005:1082 The proposed modeling framework is able to predict the time evolution of N-linked glycosylation patterns during a fed-batch process as a function of time as well as the manipulated variables. 27273889 6 82 link N-linked 1112:1119 arg1 pattern 1135:1141 A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern 1085:1141 A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern throughout the culture 1085:1164 A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern throughout the culture were chosen to demonstrate the predictive capability of the modeling framework, which is able to quantify the interconnected influence of media components and cell culture conditions. 27273889 7 83 with control 1488:1494 arg1 patterns 1557:1564 defined glycosylation patterns 1535:1564 defined glycosylation patterns 1535:1564 Such a model-based evaluation of feeding regimes using high-throughput tools and mathematical models gives rise to a more rational way to control and design cell culture processes with defined glycosylation patterns. 27273889 7 84 theme defined 1535:1541 arg1 patterns 1557:1564 defined glycosylation patterns 1535:1564 defined glycosylation patterns 1535:1564 Such a model-based evaluation of feeding regimes using high-throughput tools and mathematical models gives rise to a more rational way to control and design cell culture processes with defined glycosylation patterns. 27273889 6 85 theme N-linked 1112:1119 arg1 pattern 1135:1141 A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern 1085:1141 A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern throughout the culture 1085:1164 A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern throughout the culture were chosen to demonstrate the predictive capability of the modeling framework, which is able to quantify the interconnected influence of media components and cell culture conditions. 27273889 4 86 theme High-throughput 607:621 arg1 experiments 636:646 High-throughput cell culture experiments 607:646 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars 607:754 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 1 87 link N-linked 97:104 arg1 glycosylation 106:118 N-linked glycosylation 97:118 N-linked glycosylation 97:118 N-linked glycosylation is known to be a crucial factor for the therapeutic efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and many other glycoproteins. 27273889 1 87 link N-linked 97:104 arg1 factor 145:150 a crucial factor 135:150 a crucial factor for the therapeutic efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and many other glycoproteins 135:251 N-linked glycosylation is known to be a crucial factor for the therapeutic efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and many other glycoproteins. 27273889 4 88 theme models 817:822 arg1 function 829:836 a function 827:836 a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition 827:890 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 4 88 theme models 817:822 arg1 configuration 788:800 the parameter configuration 774:800 the parameter configuration of the coupled models 774:822 High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. 27273889 7 89 with design 1500:1505 arg1 patterns 1557:1564 defined glycosylation patterns 1535:1564 defined glycosylation patterns 1535:1564 Such a model-based evaluation of feeding regimes using high-throughput tools and mathematical models gives rise to a more rational way to control and design cell culture processes with defined glycosylation patterns. 25785187 2 0 dep cultivars 535:543 arg1 Isengrain 557:565 Isengrain 557:565 Isengrain 557:565 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 2 0 dep cultivars 535:543 arg1 Caphorn 545:551 Caphorn 545:551 Caphorn 545:551 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 2 0 dep cultivars 535:543 arg1 cultivars 535:543 two different wheat cultivars 515:543 two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain 515:565 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 6 1 theme ileal 1282:1286 arg1 deliveries 1288:1297 ileal deliveries 1282:1297 ileal deliveries 1282:1297 CONCLUSIONS The amounts of arabinose and xylose into the dialysates and ileal deliveries increased consequently mainly for Caphorn, suggesting that XynD and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet could alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans by limiting the physical entrapment of starch and could increase the available metabolizable energy. 25785187 2 2 from difference 616:625 arg1 content 657:663 non starch polysaccharides content 630:663 non starch polysaccharides content 630:663 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 2 2 from difference 616:625 arg1 composition 682:692 arabinoxylan composition 669:692 arabinoxylan composition 669:692 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 4 3 theme Polysaccharide 852:865 arg1 degradation 867:877 Polysaccharide degradation 852:877 Polysaccharide degradation 852:877 Polysaccharide degradation appeared to occur mainly at the jejunal level and was higher with Isengrain than with Caphorn. 25785187 6 4 theme anti-nutritional 1428:1443 arg1 effects 1445:1451 the anti-nutritional effects 1424:1451 the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans 1424:1468 CONCLUSIONS The amounts of arabinose and xylose into the dialysates and ileal deliveries increased consequently mainly for Caphorn, suggesting that XynD and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet could alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans by limiting the physical entrapment of starch and could increase the available metabolizable energy. 25785187 0 5 theme supplementation 92:106 arg1 evaluation 69:78 evaluation 69:78 evaluation of xylanase supplementation 69:106 In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study of two wheat cultivars and evaluation of xylanase supplementation. 25785187 0 5 theme supplementation 92:106 arg1 study 36:40 In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study 0:40 In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study of two wheat cultivars 0:63 In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study of two wheat cultivars and evaluation of xylanase supplementation. 25785187 3 6 theme gastrointestinal 793:808 arg1 model-1 810:816 the TNO gastrointestinal model-1 785:816 the TNO gastrointestinal model-1 785:816 RESULTS Polysaccharides digestion was followed during 6 h along the digestive tract using the TNO gastrointestinal model-1, to mimic monogastric metabolism. 25785187 0 7 theme xylanase 83:90 arg1 supplementation 92:106 xylanase supplementation 83:106 xylanase supplementation 83:106 In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study of two wheat cultivars and evaluation of xylanase supplementation. 25785187 3 8 theme RESULTS 695:701 arg1 digestion 719:727 RESULTS Polysaccharides digestion 695:727 RESULTS Polysaccharides digestion 695:727 RESULTS Polysaccharides digestion was followed during 6 h along the digestive tract using the TNO gastrointestinal model-1, to mimic monogastric metabolism. 25785187 6 9 dep available 1539:1547 arg1 metabolizable 1549:1561 metabolizable 1549:1561 metabolizable 1549:1561 CONCLUSIONS The amounts of arabinose and xylose into the dialysates and ileal deliveries increased consequently mainly for Caphorn, suggesting that XynD and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet could alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans by limiting the physical entrapment of starch and could increase the available metabolizable energy. 25785187 3 10 theme Polysaccharides 703:717 arg1 digestion 719:727 RESULTS Polysaccharides digestion 695:727 RESULTS Polysaccharides digestion 695:727 RESULTS Polysaccharides digestion was followed during 6 h along the digestive tract using the TNO gastrointestinal model-1, to mimic monogastric metabolism. 25785187 6 11 theme xylose 1251:1256 arg1 xylose 1251:1256 xylose 1251:1256 xylose 1251:1256 CONCLUSIONS The amounts of arabinose and xylose into the dialysates and ileal deliveries increased consequently mainly for Caphorn, suggesting that XynD and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet could alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans by limiting the physical entrapment of starch and could increase the available metabolizable energy. 25785187 6 11 theme xylose 1251:1256 arg1 arabinose 1237:1245 arabinose 1237:1245 arabinose 1237:1245 CONCLUSIONS The amounts of arabinose and xylose into the dialysates and ileal deliveries increased consequently mainly for Caphorn, suggesting that XynD and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet could alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans by limiting the physical entrapment of starch and could increase the available metabolizable energy. 25785187 6 11 theme xylose 1251:1256 arg1 amounts 1226:1232 The amounts 1222:1232 The amounts of arabinose and xylose 1222:1256 CONCLUSIONS The amounts of arabinose and xylose into the dialysates and ileal deliveries increased consequently mainly for Caphorn, suggesting that XynD and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet could alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans by limiting the physical entrapment of starch and could increase the available metabolizable energy. 25785187 2 12 theme supplementation 388:402 arg1 effect 404:409 the supplementation effect 384:409 the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, 384:490 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 2 13 dep in 360:361 arg1 vivo 363:366 vivo 363:366 vivo 363:366 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 2 14 theme action 376:381 arg1 mode 368:371 their in vivo mode 354:371 their in vivo mode of action 354:381 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 6 15 dep dialysates 1267:1276 arg1 the 1263:1265 the 1263:1265 the 1263:1265 CONCLUSIONS The amounts of arabinose and xylose into the dialysates and ileal deliveries increased consequently mainly for Caphorn, suggesting that XynD and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet could alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans by limiting the physical entrapment of starch and could increase the available metabolizable energy. 25785187 2 16 theme starch 634:639 arg1 content 657:663 non starch polysaccharides content 630:663 non starch polysaccharides content 630:663 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 1 17 dep filamentous 124:134 arg1 fungus 136:141 fungus 136:141 fungus 136:141 BACKGROUND The filamentous fungus Talaromyces versatilis is known to improve the metabolizable energy of wheat-based poultry diets thanks to its ability to produce a pool of CAZymes and particularly endo-β(1,4)-xylanases. 25785187 5 18 theme valuable 1140:1147 arg1 increase 1149:1156 a valuable increase 1138:1156 a valuable increase of the soluble glucose into the jejunal dialysates 1138:1207 For both cultivars, XynD and XynB supplementation increased notably the amount of reducing end sugars into the jejuno-ileal dialysates, which has been confirmed by a valuable increase of the soluble glucose into the jejunal dialysates. 25785187 5 19 theme XynB 1003:1006 arg1 supplementation 1008:1022 XynD and XynB supplementation 994:1022 XynD and XynB supplementation 994:1022 For both cultivars, XynD and XynB supplementation increased notably the amount of reducing end sugars into the jejuno-ileal dialysates, which has been confirmed by a valuable increase of the soluble glucose into the jejunal dialysates. 25785187 6 20 theme XynB 1367:1370 arg1 supplementation 1372:1386 XynD and XynB supplementation 1358:1386 XynD and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet 1358:1406 CONCLUSIONS The amounts of arabinose and xylose into the dialysates and ileal deliveries increased consequently mainly for Caphorn, suggesting that XynD and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet could alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans by limiting the physical entrapment of starch and could increase the available metabolizable energy. 25785187 6 21 theme arabinose 1237:1245 arg1 xylose 1251:1256 xylose 1251:1256 xylose 1251:1256 CONCLUSIONS The amounts of arabinose and xylose into the dialysates and ileal deliveries increased consequently mainly for Caphorn, suggesting that XynD and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet could alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans by limiting the physical entrapment of starch and could increase the available metabolizable energy. 25785187 6 21 theme arabinose 1237:1245 arg1 arabinose 1237:1245 arabinose 1237:1245 arabinose 1237:1245 CONCLUSIONS The amounts of arabinose and xylose into the dialysates and ileal deliveries increased consequently mainly for Caphorn, suggesting that XynD and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet could alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans by limiting the physical entrapment of starch and could increase the available metabolizable energy. 25785187 6 21 theme arabinose 1237:1245 arg1 amounts 1226:1232 The amounts 1222:1232 The amounts of arabinose and xylose 1222:1256 CONCLUSIONS The amounts of arabinose and xylose into the dialysates and ileal deliveries increased consequently mainly for Caphorn, suggesting that XynD and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet could alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans by limiting the physical entrapment of starch and could increase the available metabolizable energy. 25785187 2 22 theme non 630:632 arg1 content 657:663 non starch polysaccharides content 630:663 non starch polysaccharides content 630:663 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 5 23 theme jejuno-ileal 1085:1096 arg1 dialysates 1098:1107 the jejuno-ileal dialysates 1081:1107 the jejuno-ileal dialysates 1081:1107 For both cultivars, XynD and XynB supplementation increased notably the amount of reducing end sugars into the jejuno-ileal dialysates, which has been confirmed by a valuable increase of the soluble glucose into the jejunal dialysates. 25785187 1 24 theme metabolizable 190:202 arg1 energy 204:209 the metabolizable energy 186:209 the metabolizable energy of wheat-based poultry diets thanks to its ability to produce a pool of CAZymes and particularly endo-β(1,4)-xylanases 186:328 BACKGROUND The filamentous fungus Talaromyces versatilis is known to improve the metabolizable energy of wheat-based poultry diets thanks to its ability to produce a pool of CAZymes and particularly endo-β(1,4)-xylanases. 25785187 0 25 theme In 0:1 arg1 study 36:40 In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study 0:40 In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study of two wheat cultivars 0:63 In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study of two wheat cultivars and evaluation of xylanase supplementation. 25785187 6 26 theme available 1539:1547 arg1 energy 1563:1568 the available metabolizable energy 1535:1568 the available metabolizable energy 1535:1568 CONCLUSIONS The amounts of arabinose and xylose into the dialysates and ileal deliveries increased consequently mainly for Caphorn, suggesting that XynD and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet could alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans by limiting the physical entrapment of starch and could increase the available metabolizable energy. 25785187 0 27 theme digestion 26:34 arg1 study 36:40 In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study 0:40 In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study of two wheat cultivars 0:63 In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study of two wheat cultivars and evaluation of xylanase supplementation. 25785187 1 28 theme CAZymes 283:289 arg1 -xylanases 319:328 endo-β(1,4)-xylanases 308:328 endo-β(1,4)-xylanases 308:328 BACKGROUND The filamentous fungus Talaromyces versatilis is known to improve the metabolizable energy of wheat-based poultry diets thanks to its ability to produce a pool of CAZymes and particularly endo-β(1,4)-xylanases. 25785187 1 28 theme CAZymes 283:289 arg1 pool 275:278 a pool 273:278 a pool of CAZymes 273:289 BACKGROUND The filamentous fungus Talaromyces versatilis is known to improve the metabolizable energy of wheat-based poultry diets thanks to its ability to produce a pool of CAZymes and particularly endo-β(1,4)-xylanases. 25785187 6 29 theme arabinoxylans 1456:1468 arg1 effects 1445:1451 the anti-nutritional effects 1424:1451 the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans 1424:1468 CONCLUSIONS The amounts of arabinose and xylose into the dialysates and ileal deliveries increased consequently mainly for Caphorn, suggesting that XynD and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet could alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans by limiting the physical entrapment of starch and could increase the available metabolizable energy. 25785187 5 30 theme soluble 1165:1171 arg1 glucose 1173:1179 the soluble glucose 1161:1179 the soluble glucose into the jejunal dialysates 1161:1207 For both cultivars, XynD and XynB supplementation increased notably the amount of reducing end sugars into the jejuno-ileal dialysates, which has been confirmed by a valuable increase of the soluble glucose into the jejunal dialysates. 25785187 4 31 theme jejunal 911:917 arg1 level 919:923 the jejunal level 907:923 the jejunal level 907:923 Polysaccharide degradation appeared to occur mainly at the jejunal level and was higher with Isengrain than with Caphorn. 25785187 1 32 theme wheat-based 214:224 arg1 diets 234:238 wheat-based poultry diets 214:238 wheat-based poultry diets thanks to its ability to produce a pool of CAZymes and particularly endo-β(1,4)-xylanases 214:328 BACKGROUND The filamentous fungus Talaromyces versatilis is known to improve the metabolizable energy of wheat-based poultry diets thanks to its ability to produce a pool of CAZymes and particularly endo-β(1,4)-xylanases. 25785187 5 33 theme glucose 1173:1179 arg1 increase 1149:1156 a valuable increase 1138:1156 a valuable increase of the soluble glucose into the jejunal dialysates 1138:1207 For both cultivars, XynD and XynB supplementation increased notably the amount of reducing end sugars into the jejuno-ileal dialysates, which has been confirmed by a valuable increase of the soluble glucose into the jejunal dialysates. 25785187 5 34 theme end 1065:1067 arg1 sugars 1069:1074 end sugars 1065:1074 end sugars into the jejuno-ileal dialysates, which has been confirmed by a valuable increase of the soluble glucose into the jejunal dialysates 1065:1207 For both cultivars, XynD and XynB supplementation increased notably the amount of reducing end sugars into the jejuno-ileal dialysates, which has been confirmed by a valuable increase of the soluble glucose into the jejunal dialysates. 25785187 1 35 theme poultry 226:232 arg1 diets 234:238 wheat-based poultry diets 214:238 wheat-based poultry diets thanks to its ability to produce a pool of CAZymes and particularly endo-β(1,4)-xylanases 214:328 BACKGROUND The filamentous fungus Talaromyces versatilis is known to improve the metabolizable energy of wheat-based poultry diets thanks to its ability to produce a pool of CAZymes and particularly endo-β(1,4)-xylanases. 25785187 1 36 theme endo-β 308:313 arg1 -xylanases 319:328 endo-β(1,4)-xylanases 308:328 endo-β(1,4)-xylanases 308:328 BACKGROUND The filamentous fungus Talaromyces versatilis is known to improve the metabolizable energy of wheat-based poultry diets thanks to its ability to produce a pool of CAZymes and particularly endo-β(1,4)-xylanases. 25785187 2 37 theme two 414:416 arg1 effect 404:409 the supplementation effect 384:409 the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, 384:490 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 2 38 theme arabinoxylan 669:680 arg1 composition 682:692 arabinoxylan composition 669:692 arabinoxylan composition 669:692 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 1 39 theme diets 234:238 arg1 energy 204:209 the metabolizable energy 186:209 the metabolizable energy of wheat-based poultry diets thanks to its ability to produce a pool of CAZymes and particularly endo-β(1,4)-xylanases 186:328 BACKGROUND The filamentous fungus Talaromyces versatilis is known to improve the metabolizable energy of wheat-based poultry diets thanks to its ability to produce a pool of CAZymes and particularly endo-β(1,4)-xylanases. 25785187 0 40 theme wheat 49:53 arg1 cultivars 55:63 two wheat cultivars 45:63 two wheat cultivars 45:63 In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study of two wheat cultivars and evaluation of xylanase supplementation. 25785187 3 41 theme digestive 763:771 arg1 tract 773:777 the digestive tract 759:777 the digestive tract using the TNO gastrointestinal model-1 759:816 RESULTS Polysaccharides digestion was followed during 6 h along the digestive tract using the TNO gastrointestinal model-1, to mimic monogastric metabolism. 25785187 2 42 theme xylanases 425:433 arg1 XynB 445:448 XynB 445:448 XynB 445:448 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 2 42 theme xylanases 425:433 arg1 XynD 436:439 XynD 436:439 XynD 436:439 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 2 42 theme xylanases 425:433 arg1 two 414:416 two 414:416 two 414:416 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 2 42 theme xylanases 425:433 arg1 xylanases 425:433 its xylanases 421:433 its xylanases 421:433 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 1 43 theme 1,4 315:317 arg1 -xylanases 319:328 endo-β(1,4)-xylanases 308:328 endo-β(1,4)-xylanases 308:328 BACKGROUND The filamentous fungus Talaromyces versatilis is known to improve the metabolizable energy of wheat-based poultry diets thanks to its ability to produce a pool of CAZymes and particularly endo-β(1,4)-xylanases. 25785187 2 44 theme wheat 529:533 arg1 Isengrain 557:565 Isengrain 557:565 Isengrain 557:565 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 2 44 theme wheat 529:533 arg1 Caphorn 545:551 Caphorn 545:551 Caphorn 545:551 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 2 44 theme wheat 529:533 arg1 cultivars 535:543 two different wheat cultivars 515:543 two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain 515:565 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 1 45 theme filamentous 124:134 arg1 versatilis 155:164 The filamentous fungus Talaromyces versatilis 120:164 The filamentous fungus Talaromyces versatilis 120:164 BACKGROUND The filamentous fungus Talaromyces versatilis is known to improve the metabolizable energy of wheat-based poultry diets thanks to its ability to produce a pool of CAZymes and particularly endo-β(1,4)-xylanases. 25785187 5 46 theme XynD 994:997 arg1 supplementation 1008:1022 XynD and XynB supplementation 994:1022 XynD and XynB supplementation 994:1022 For both cultivars, XynD and XynB supplementation increased notably the amount of reducing end sugars into the jejuno-ileal dialysates, which has been confirmed by a valuable increase of the soluble glucose into the jejunal dialysates. 25785187 2 47 theme different 519:527 arg1 Isengrain 557:565 Isengrain 557:565 Isengrain 557:565 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 2 47 theme different 519:527 arg1 Caphorn 545:551 Caphorn 545:551 Caphorn 545:551 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 2 47 theme different 519:527 arg1 cultivars 535:543 two different wheat cultivars 515:543 two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain 515:565 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 5 48 theme jejunal 1190:1196 arg1 dialysates 1198:1207 the jejunal dialysates 1186:1207 the jejunal dialysates 1186:1207 For both cultivars, XynD and XynB supplementation increased notably the amount of reducing end sugars into the jejuno-ileal dialysates, which has been confirmed by a valuable increase of the soluble glucose into the jejunal dialysates. 25785187 2 49 theme polysaccharides 641:655 arg1 content 657:663 non starch polysaccharides content 630:663 non starch polysaccharides content 630:663 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 6 50 theme starch 1509:1514 arg1 entrapment 1495:1504 the physical entrapment 1482:1504 the physical entrapment of starch 1482:1514 CONCLUSIONS The amounts of arabinose and xylose into the dialysates and ileal deliveries increased consequently mainly for Caphorn, suggesting that XynD and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet could alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans by limiting the physical entrapment of starch and could increase the available metabolizable energy. 25785187 1 51 theme thanks 240:245 arg1 diets 234:238 wheat-based poultry diets 214:238 wheat-based poultry diets thanks to its ability to produce a pool of CAZymes and particularly endo-β(1,4)-xylanases 214:328 BACKGROUND The filamentous fungus Talaromyces versatilis is known to improve the metabolizable energy of wheat-based poultry diets thanks to its ability to produce a pool of CAZymes and particularly endo-β(1,4)-xylanases. 25785187 2 52 dep families 455:462 arg1 families 455:462 families GH10 and GH11 455:476 families GH10 and GH11 455:476 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 2 52 dep families 455:462 arg1 GH11 473:476 GH11 473:476 GH11 473:476 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 2 52 dep families 455:462 arg1 GH10 464:467 GH10 464:467 GH10 464:467 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 1 53 theme Talaromyces 143:153 arg1 versatilis 155:164 The filamentous fungus Talaromyces versatilis 120:164 The filamentous fungus Talaromyces versatilis 120:164 BACKGROUND The filamentous fungus Talaromyces versatilis is known to improve the metabolizable energy of wheat-based poultry diets thanks to its ability to produce a pool of CAZymes and particularly endo-β(1,4)-xylanases. 25785187 3 54 theme TNO 789:791 arg1 model-1 810:816 the TNO gastrointestinal model-1 785:816 the TNO gastrointestinal model-1 785:816 RESULTS Polysaccharides digestion was followed during 6 h along the digestive tract using the TNO gastrointestinal model-1, to mimic monogastric metabolism. 25785187 6 55 theme wheat-based 1391:1401 arg1 diet 1403:1406 wheat-based diet 1391:1406 wheat-based diet 1391:1406 CONCLUSIONS The amounts of arabinose and xylose into the dialysates and ileal deliveries increased consequently mainly for Caphorn, suggesting that XynD and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet could alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans by limiting the physical entrapment of starch and could increase the available metabolizable energy. 25785187 2 56 theme in 360:361 arg1 mode 368:371 their in vivo mode 354:371 their in vivo mode of action 354:381 In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. 25785187 3 57 theme monogastric 828:838 arg1 metabolism 840:849 monogastric metabolism 828:849 monogastric metabolism 828:849 RESULTS Polysaccharides digestion was followed during 6 h along the digestive tract using the TNO gastrointestinal model-1, to mimic monogastric metabolism. 25785187 0 58 theme cultivars 55:63 arg1 evaluation 69:78 evaluation 69:78 evaluation of xylanase supplementation 69:106 In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study of two wheat cultivars and evaluation of xylanase supplementation. 25785187 0 58 theme cultivars 55:63 arg1 study 36:40 In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study 0:40 In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study of two wheat cultivars 0:63 In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study of two wheat cultivars and evaluation of xylanase supplementation. 25785187 6 59 from supplementation 1372:1386 arg1 diet 1403:1406 wheat-based diet 1391:1406 wheat-based diet 1391:1406 CONCLUSIONS The amounts of arabinose and xylose into the dialysates and ileal deliveries increased consequently mainly for Caphorn, suggesting that XynD and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet could alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans by limiting the physical entrapment of starch and could increase the available metabolizable energy. 25785187 0 60 dep In 0:1 arg1 gastrointestinal 9:24 gastrointestinal 9:24 gastrointestinal 9:24 In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study of two wheat cultivars and evaluation of xylanase supplementation. 25785187 0 60 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study of two wheat cultivars and evaluation of xylanase supplementation. 25785187 1 61 dep BACKGROUND 109:118 arg1 known 169:173 known 169:173 is known to improve the metabolizable energy of wheat-based poultry diets thanks to its ability to produce a pool of CAZymes and particularly endo-β(1,4)-xylanases 166:328 BACKGROUND The filamentous fungus Talaromyces versatilis is known to improve the metabolizable energy of wheat-based poultry diets thanks to its ability to produce a pool of CAZymes and particularly endo-β(1,4)-xylanases. 25785187 6 62 theme physical 1486:1493 arg1 entrapment 1495:1504 the physical entrapment 1482:1504 the physical entrapment of starch 1482:1514 CONCLUSIONS The amounts of arabinose and xylose into the dialysates and ileal deliveries increased consequently mainly for Caphorn, suggesting that XynD and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet could alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans by limiting the physical entrapment of starch and could increase the available metabolizable energy. 25785187 6 63 theme XynD 1358:1361 arg1 supplementation 1372:1386 XynD and XynB supplementation 1358:1386 XynD and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet 1358:1406 CONCLUSIONS The amounts of arabinose and xylose into the dialysates and ileal deliveries increased consequently mainly for Caphorn, suggesting that XynD and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet could alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans by limiting the physical entrapment of starch and could increase the available metabolizable energy. 24387633 9 0 theme tissues 1619:1625 arg1 contribution 1596:1607 an active contribution 1586:1607 an active contribution of female tissues 1586:1625 The depletion of extensins and polysaccharides following pollen tube passage in the style suggest a possible contribution to the acceleration of heterotrophic pollen tube growth, which would imply an active contribution of female tissues on prezygotic male-female crosstalk. 24387633 9 1 theme prezygotic 1630:1639 arg1 crosstalk 1653:1661 prezygotic male-female crosstalk 1630:1661 prezygotic male-female crosstalk 1630:1661 The depletion of extensins and polysaccharides following pollen tube passage in the style suggest a possible contribution to the acceleration of heterotrophic pollen tube growth, which would imply an active contribution of female tissues on prezygotic male-female crosstalk. 24387633 2 2 from slow 294:297 arg1 stigma 267:272 the stigma 263:272 the stigma 263:272 In the stigma, the growth rate is slow and autotrophic, whereas in the style, it is rapid and heterotrophic. 24387633 6 3 from levels 983:988 arg1 pistils 1006:1012 unpollinated pistils 993:1012 unpollinated pistils 993:1012 Whereas extensins remained at high levels in unpollinated pistils, they were no longer present in the style following pollen tube passage. 24387633 5 4 theme high 826:829 arg1 levels 831:836 high levels 826:836 high levels 826:836 RESULTS While immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins were present at high levels in the stigma, they were not detected in the transmitting tissue of the style, where extensins were abundant. 24387633 4 5 theme apple 600:604 arg1 flower 606:611 the apple flower 596:611 the apple flower 596:611 In this work we characterise pollen tube growth in the apple flower and look for differences in glycoprotein epitope localization between two different maternal tissues, the stigma and the style. 24387633 3 6 theme interaction 505:515 arg1 role 492:495 the role 488:495 the role of this interaction on the observed metabolism 488:542 Very little is known about the interactions between these distinct maternal tissues and the traversing pollen tube and the role of this interaction on the observed metabolism. 24387633 3 6 theme interaction 505:515 arg1 interactions 400:411 the interactions 396:411 the interactions between these distinct maternal tissues and the traversing pollen tube 396:482 Very little is known about the interactions between these distinct maternal tissues and the traversing pollen tube and the role of this interaction on the observed metabolism. 24387633 9 7 theme extensins 1406:1414 arg1 depletion 1393:1401 The depletion 1389:1401 The depletion of extensins and polysaccharides following pollen tube passage in the style 1389:1477 The depletion of extensins and polysaccharides following pollen tube passage in the style suggest a possible contribution to the acceleration of heterotrophic pollen tube growth, which would imply an active contribution of female tissues on prezygotic male-female crosstalk. 24387633 9 8 from passage 1458:1464 arg1 style 1473:1477 the style 1469:1477 the style 1469:1477 The depletion of extensins and polysaccharides following pollen tube passage in the style suggest a possible contribution to the acceleration of heterotrophic pollen tube growth, which would imply an active contribution of female tissues on prezygotic male-female crosstalk. 24387633 5 9 theme transmitting 883:894 arg1 tissue 896:901 the transmitting tissue 879:901 the transmitting tissue of the style, where extensins were abundant 879:945 RESULTS While immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins were present at high levels in the stigma, they were not detected in the transmitting tissue of the style, where extensins were abundant. 24387633 9 10 theme polysaccharides 1420:1434 arg1 depletion 1393:1401 The depletion 1389:1401 The depletion of extensins and polysaccharides following pollen tube passage in the style 1389:1477 The depletion of extensins and polysaccharides following pollen tube passage in the style suggest a possible contribution to the acceleration of heterotrophic pollen tube growth, which would imply an active contribution of female tissues on prezygotic male-female crosstalk. 24387633 7 11 from styles 1130:1135 arg1 abundant 1105:1112 abundant 1105:1112 abundant 1105:1112 Similarily, while abundant in unpollinated styles, insoluble polysaccharides such as β-glucans, were depleted in pollinated pistils. 24387633 4 12 theme tube 581:584 arg1 growth 586:591 pollen tube growth 574:591 pollen tube growth in the apple flower 574:611 In this work we characterise pollen tube growth in the apple flower and look for differences in glycoprotein epitope localization between two different maternal tissues, the stigma and the style. 24387633 9 13 theme pollen 1446:1451 arg1 passage 1458:1464 pollen tube passage 1446:1464 pollen tube passage in the style 1446:1477 The depletion of extensins and polysaccharides following pollen tube passage in the style suggest a possible contribution to the acceleration of heterotrophic pollen tube growth, which would imply an active contribution of female tissues on prezygotic male-female crosstalk. 24387633 4 14 theme epitope 654:660 arg1 localization 662:673 glycoprotein epitope localization 641:673 glycoprotein epitope localization between two different maternal tissues, the stigma and the style 641:738 In this work we characterise pollen tube growth in the apple flower and look for differences in glycoprotein epitope localization between two different maternal tissues, the stigma and the style. 24387633 8 15 theme glycoprotein 1333:1344 arg1 epitopes 1346:1353 glycoprotein epitopes 1333:1353 glycoprotein epitopes 1333:1353 CONCLUSIONS The switch from autotropic to heterotrophic pollen tube growth correlates spatially with a change of glycoprotein epitopes between the stigma and the style. 24387633 5 16 located present 815:821 arg2 RESULTS 741:747 RESULTS 741:747 RESULTS While immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins 741:808 RESULTS While immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins were present at high levels in the stigma, they were not detected in the transmitting tissue of the style, where extensins were abundant. 24387633 5 16 located present 815:821 arg1 levels 831:836 high levels 826:836 high levels 826:836 RESULTS While immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins were present at high levels in the stigma, they were not detected in the transmitting tissue of the style, where extensins were abundant. 24387633 5 16 located present 815:821 arg1 stigma 845:850 the stigma 841:850 the stigma 841:850 RESULTS While immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins were present at high levels in the stigma, they were not detected in the transmitting tissue of the style, where extensins were abundant. 24387633 5 17 from levels 831:836 arg1 present 815:821 present 815:821 present 815:821 RESULTS While immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins were present at high levels in the stigma, they were not detected in the transmitting tissue of the style, where extensins were abundant. 24387633 8 18 theme heterotrophic 1262:1274 arg1 growth 1288:1293 heterotrophic pollen tube growth 1262:1293 heterotrophic pollen tube growth 1262:1293 CONCLUSIONS The switch from autotropic to heterotrophic pollen tube growth correlates spatially with a change of glycoprotein epitopes between the stigma and the style. 24387633 0 19 theme domestica 53:61 arg1 modulation 71:80 the modulation 67:80 the modulation of pollen tube growth 67:102 Glycoprotein composition along the pistil of Malus x domestica and the modulation of pollen tube growth. 24387633 0 19 theme domestica 53:61 arg1 pistil 35:40 the pistil 31:40 the pistil of Malus x domestica 31:61 Glycoprotein composition along the pistil of Malus x domestica and the modulation of pollen tube growth. 24387633 1 20 theme pollen 139:144 arg1 growth 151:156 pollen tube growth 139:156 pollen tube growth 139:156 BACKGROUND The characteristics of pollen tube growth are not constant, but display distinct patterns of growth within the different tissues of the pistil. 24387633 8 21 theme tube 1283:1286 arg1 growth 1288:1293 heterotrophic pollen tube growth 1262:1293 heterotrophic pollen tube growth 1262:1293 CONCLUSIONS The switch from autotropic to heterotrophic pollen tube growth correlates spatially with a change of glycoprotein epitopes between the stigma and the style. 24387633 8 22 from autotropic 1248:1257 arg1 switch 1236:1241 The switch 1232:1241 The switch from autotropic to heterotrophic pollen tube growth 1232:1293 CONCLUSIONS The switch from autotropic to heterotrophic pollen tube growth correlates spatially with a change of glycoprotein epitopes between the stigma and the style. 24387633 1 23 theme growth 151:156 arg1 constant 166:173 constant 166:173 constant 166:173 BACKGROUND The characteristics of pollen tube growth are not constant, but display distinct patterns of growth within the different tissues of the pistil. 24387633 1 23 theme growth 151:156 arg1 characteristics 120:134 The characteristics 116:134 The characteristics of pollen tube growth 116:156 BACKGROUND The characteristics of pollen tube growth are not constant, but display distinct patterns of growth within the different tissues of the pistil. 24387633 7 24 dep abundant 1105:1112 arg1 insoluble 1138:1146 insoluble 1138:1146 insoluble 1138:1146 Similarily, while abundant in unpollinated styles, insoluble polysaccharides such as β-glucans, were depleted in pollinated pistils. 24387633 5 25 theme style 910:914 arg1 tissue 896:901 the transmitting tissue 879:901 the transmitting tissue of the style, where extensins were abundant 879:945 RESULTS While immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins were present at high levels in the stigma, they were not detected in the transmitting tissue of the style, where extensins were abundant. 24387633 0 26 theme tube 92:95 arg1 growth 97:102 pollen tube growth 85:102 pollen tube growth 85:102 Glycoprotein composition along the pistil of Malus x domestica and the modulation of pollen tube growth. 24387633 0 27 theme Glycoprotein 0:11 arg1 composition 13:23 Glycoprotein composition 0:23 Glycoprotein composition along the pistil of Malus x domestica and the modulation of pollen tube growth. 0:103 Glycoprotein composition along the pistil of Malus x domestica and the modulation of pollen tube growth. 24387633 1 28 theme pistil 252:257 arg1 tissues 237:243 the different tissues 223:243 the different tissues of the pistil 223:257 BACKGROUND The characteristics of pollen tube growth are not constant, but display distinct patterns of growth within the different tissues of the pistil. 24387633 9 29 theme heterotrophic 1534:1546 arg1 growth 1560:1565 heterotrophic pollen tube growth 1534:1565 heterotrophic pollen tube growth 1534:1565 The depletion of extensins and polysaccharides following pollen tube passage in the style suggest a possible contribution to the acceleration of heterotrophic pollen tube growth, which would imply an active contribution of female tissues on prezygotic male-female crosstalk. 24387633 4 30 theme different 687:695 arg1 tissues 706:712 two different maternal tissues 683:712 two different maternal tissues 683:712 In this work we characterise pollen tube growth in the apple flower and look for differences in glycoprotein epitope localization between two different maternal tissues, the stigma and the style. 24387633 4 30 theme different 687:695 arg1 stigma 719:724 the stigma 715:724 the stigma 715:724 In this work we characterise pollen tube growth in the apple flower and look for differences in glycoprotein epitope localization between two different maternal tissues, the stigma and the style. 24387633 4 30 theme different 687:695 arg1 style 734:738 the style 730:738 the style 730:738 In this work we characterise pollen tube growth in the apple flower and look for differences in glycoprotein epitope localization between two different maternal tissues, the stigma and the style. 24387633 5 31 theme immunocytochemically-detected 755:783 arg1 proteins 801:808 immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins 755:808 immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins 755:808 RESULTS While immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins were present at high levels in the stigma, they were not detected in the transmitting tissue of the style, where extensins were abundant. 24387633 9 32 theme tube 1555:1558 arg1 growth 1560:1565 heterotrophic pollen tube growth 1534:1565 heterotrophic pollen tube growth 1534:1565 The depletion of extensins and polysaccharides following pollen tube passage in the style suggest a possible contribution to the acceleration of heterotrophic pollen tube growth, which would imply an active contribution of female tissues on prezygotic male-female crosstalk. 24387633 2 33 from style 331:335 arg1 rapid 344:348 rapid 344:348 rapid 344:348 In the stigma, the growth rate is slow and autotrophic, whereas in the style, it is rapid and heterotrophic. 24387633 6 34 theme high 978:981 arg1 levels 983:988 high levels 978:988 high levels in unpollinated pistils 978:1012 Whereas extensins remained at high levels in unpollinated pistils, they were no longer present in the style following pollen tube passage. 24387633 3 35 theme distinct 427:434 arg1 tissues 445:451 distinct maternal tissues 427:451 distinct maternal tissues 427:451 Very little is known about the interactions between these distinct maternal tissues and the traversing pollen tube and the role of this interaction on the observed metabolism. 24387633 0 36 theme Malus 45:49 arg1 modulation 71:80 the modulation 67:80 the modulation of pollen tube growth 67:102 Glycoprotein composition along the pistil of Malus x domestica and the modulation of pollen tube growth. 24387633 0 36 theme Malus 45:49 arg1 pistil 35:40 the pistil 31:40 the pistil of Malus x domestica 31:61 Glycoprotein composition along the pistil of Malus x domestica and the modulation of pollen tube growth. 24387633 3 37 from interactions 400:411 arg1 metabolism 533:542 the observed metabolism 520:542 the observed metabolism 520:542 Very little is known about the interactions between these distinct maternal tissues and the traversing pollen tube and the role of this interaction on the observed metabolism. 24387633 5 38 attach present 815:821 arg2 RESULTS 741:747 RESULTS 741:747 RESULTS While immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins 741:808 RESULTS While immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins were present at high levels in the stigma, they were not detected in the transmitting tissue of the style, where extensins were abundant. 24387633 5 38 attach present 815:821 arg1 levels 831:836 high levels 826:836 high levels 826:836 RESULTS While immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins were present at high levels in the stigma, they were not detected in the transmitting tissue of the style, where extensins were abundant. 24387633 5 38 attach present 815:821 arg1 stigma 845:850 the stigma 841:850 the stigma 841:850 RESULTS While immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins were present at high levels in the stigma, they were not detected in the transmitting tissue of the style, where extensins were abundant. 24387633 2 39 from rapid 344:348 arg1 style 331:335 the style 327:335 the style 327:335 In the stigma, the growth rate is slow and autotrophic, whereas in the style, it is rapid and heterotrophic. 24387633 4 40 from differences 626:636 arg1 localization 662:673 glycoprotein epitope localization 641:673 glycoprotein epitope localization between two different maternal tissues, the stigma and the style 641:738 In this work we characterise pollen tube growth in the apple flower and look for differences in glycoprotein epitope localization between two different maternal tissues, the stigma and the style. 24387633 6 41 from present 1035:1041 arg1 style 1050:1054 the style 1046:1054 the style following pollen tube passage 1046:1084 Whereas extensins remained at high levels in unpollinated pistils, they were no longer present in the style following pollen tube passage. 24387633 4 42 from look 617:620 arg1 flower 606:611 the apple flower 596:611 the apple flower 596:611 In this work we characterise pollen tube growth in the apple flower and look for differences in glycoprotein epitope localization between two different maternal tissues, the stigma and the style. 24387633 1 43 theme different 227:235 arg1 tissues 237:243 the different tissues 223:243 the different tissues of the pistil 223:257 BACKGROUND The characteristics of pollen tube growth are not constant, but display distinct patterns of growth within the different tissues of the pistil. 24387633 9 44 theme female 1612:1617 arg1 tissues 1619:1625 female tissues 1612:1625 female tissues 1612:1625 The depletion of extensins and polysaccharides following pollen tube passage in the style suggest a possible contribution to the acceleration of heterotrophic pollen tube growth, which would imply an active contribution of female tissues on prezygotic male-female crosstalk. 24387633 3 45 theme pollen 472:477 arg1 tube 479:482 the traversing pollen tube 457:482 the traversing pollen tube 457:482 Very little is known about the interactions between these distinct maternal tissues and the traversing pollen tube and the role of this interaction on the observed metabolism. 24387633 9 46 theme male-female 1641:1651 arg1 crosstalk 1653:1661 prezygotic male-female crosstalk 1630:1661 prezygotic male-female crosstalk 1630:1661 The depletion of extensins and polysaccharides following pollen tube passage in the style suggest a possible contribution to the acceleration of heterotrophic pollen tube growth, which would imply an active contribution of female tissues on prezygotic male-female crosstalk. 24387633 2 47 theme growth 279:284 arg1 slow 294:297 slow 294:297 slow 294:297 In the stigma, the growth rate is slow and autotrophic, whereas in the style, it is rapid and heterotrophic. 24387633 2 47 theme growth 279:284 arg1 rate 286:289 the growth rate 275:289 the growth rate 275:289 In the stigma, the growth rate is slow and autotrophic, whereas in the style, it is rapid and heterotrophic. 24387633 2 47 theme growth 279:284 arg1 whereas 316:322 whereas 316:322 whereas 316:322 In the stigma, the growth rate is slow and autotrophic, whereas in the style, it is rapid and heterotrophic. 24387633 4 48 from growth 586:591 arg1 flower 606:611 the apple flower 596:611 the apple flower 596:611 In this work we characterise pollen tube growth in the apple flower and look for differences in glycoprotein epitope localization between two different maternal tissues, the stigma and the style. 24387633 5 49 theme arabinogalactan 785:799 arg1 proteins 801:808 immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins 755:808 immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins 755:808 RESULTS While immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins were present at high levels in the stigma, they were not detected in the transmitting tissue of the style, where extensins were abundant. 24387633 6 50 located present 1035:1041 arg1 style 1050:1054 the style 1046:1054 the style following pollen tube passage 1046:1084 Whereas extensins remained at high levels in unpollinated pistils, they were no longer present in the style following pollen tube passage. 24387633 6 50 located present 1035:1041 arg2 they 1015:1018 they 1015:1018 they 1015:1018 Whereas extensins remained at high levels in unpollinated pistils, they were no longer present in the style following pollen tube passage. 24387633 6 51 theme tube 1073:1076 arg1 passage 1078:1084 pollen tube passage 1066:1084 pollen tube passage 1066:1084 Whereas extensins remained at high levels in unpollinated pistils, they were no longer present in the style following pollen tube passage. 24387633 9 52 theme possible 1489:1496 arg1 contribution 1498:1509 a possible contribution 1487:1509 a possible contribution to the acceleration of heterotrophic pollen tube growth, which would imply an active contribution of female tissues on prezygotic male-female crosstalk 1487:1661 The depletion of extensins and polysaccharides following pollen tube passage in the style suggest a possible contribution to the acceleration of heterotrophic pollen tube growth, which would imply an active contribution of female tissues on prezygotic male-female crosstalk. 24387633 4 53 gly glycoprotein 641:652 arg1 glycoprotein 641:652 glycoprotein epitope localization 641:673 glycoprotein epitope localization between two different maternal tissues, the stigma and the style 641:738 In this work we characterise pollen tube growth in the apple flower and look for differences in glycoprotein epitope localization between two different maternal tissues, the stigma and the style. 24387633 3 54 theme observed 524:531 arg1 metabolism 533:542 the observed metabolism 520:542 the observed metabolism 520:542 Very little is known about the interactions between these distinct maternal tissues and the traversing pollen tube and the role of this interaction on the observed metabolism. 24387633 1 55 theme distinct 188:195 arg1 patterns 197:204 distinct patterns 188:204 distinct patterns of growth 188:214 BACKGROUND The characteristics of pollen tube growth are not constant, but display distinct patterns of growth within the different tissues of the pistil. 24387633 4 56 theme pollen 574:579 arg1 growth 586:591 pollen tube growth 574:591 pollen tube growth in the apple flower 574:611 In this work we characterise pollen tube growth in the apple flower and look for differences in glycoprotein epitope localization between two different maternal tissues, the stigma and the style. 24387633 5 57 from present 815:821 arg1 stigma 845:850 the stigma 841:850 the stigma 841:850 RESULTS While immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins were present at high levels in the stigma, they were not detected in the transmitting tissue of the style, where extensins were abundant. 24387633 9 58 theme tube 1453:1456 arg1 passage 1458:1464 pollen tube passage 1446:1464 pollen tube passage in the style 1446:1477 The depletion of extensins and polysaccharides following pollen tube passage in the style suggest a possible contribution to the acceleration of heterotrophic pollen tube growth, which would imply an active contribution of female tissues on prezygotic male-female crosstalk. 24387633 3 59 from role 492:495 arg1 metabolism 533:542 the observed metabolism 520:542 the observed metabolism 520:542 Very little is known about the interactions between these distinct maternal tissues and the traversing pollen tube and the role of this interaction on the observed metabolism. 24387633 4 60 theme glycoprotein 641:652 arg1 localization 662:673 glycoprotein epitope localization 641:673 glycoprotein epitope localization between two different maternal tissues, the stigma and the style 641:738 In this work we characterise pollen tube growth in the apple flower and look for differences in glycoprotein epitope localization between two different maternal tissues, the stigma and the style. 24387633 1 61 theme tube 146:149 arg1 growth 151:156 pollen tube growth 139:156 pollen tube growth 139:156 BACKGROUND The characteristics of pollen tube growth are not constant, but display distinct patterns of growth within the different tissues of the pistil. 24387633 2 62 from stigma 267:272 arg1 slow 294:297 slow 294:297 slow 294:297 In the stigma, the growth rate is slow and autotrophic, whereas in the style, it is rapid and heterotrophic. 24387633 2 62 from stigma 267:272 arg1 rate 286:289 the growth rate 275:289 the growth rate 275:289 In the stigma, the growth rate is slow and autotrophic, whereas in the style, it is rapid and heterotrophic. 24387633 2 62 from stigma 267:272 arg1 whereas 316:322 whereas 316:322 whereas 316:322 In the stigma, the growth rate is slow and autotrophic, whereas in the style, it is rapid and heterotrophic. 24387633 8 63 theme pollen 1276:1281 arg1 growth 1288:1293 heterotrophic pollen tube growth 1262:1293 heterotrophic pollen tube growth 1262:1293 CONCLUSIONS The switch from autotropic to heterotrophic pollen tube growth correlates spatially with a change of glycoprotein epitopes between the stigma and the style. 24387633 0 64 theme pollen 85:90 arg1 growth 97:102 pollen tube growth 85:102 pollen tube growth 85:102 Glycoprotein composition along the pistil of Malus x domestica and the modulation of pollen tube growth. 24387633 5 65 located detected 867:874 arg1 tissue 896:901 the transmitting tissue 879:901 the transmitting tissue of the style, where extensins were abundant 879:945 RESULTS While immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins were present at high levels in the stigma, they were not detected in the transmitting tissue of the style, where extensins were abundant. 24387633 5 65 located detected 867:874 arg2 they 853:856 they 853:856 they 853:856 RESULTS While immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins were present at high levels in the stigma, they were not detected in the transmitting tissue of the style, where extensins were abundant. 24387633 8 66 dep CONCLUSIONS 1220:1230 arg1 correlates 1295:1304 correlates 1295:1304 correlates spatially with a change of glycoprotein epitopes between the stigma and the style 1295:1386 CONCLUSIONS The switch from autotropic to heterotrophic pollen tube growth correlates spatially with a change of glycoprotein epitopes between the stigma and the style. 24387633 4 67 theme maternal 697:704 arg1 tissues 706:712 two different maternal tissues 683:712 two different maternal tissues 683:712 In this work we characterise pollen tube growth in the apple flower and look for differences in glycoprotein epitope localization between two different maternal tissues, the stigma and the style. 24387633 4 67 theme maternal 697:704 arg1 stigma 719:724 the stigma 715:724 the stigma 715:724 In this work we characterise pollen tube growth in the apple flower and look for differences in glycoprotein epitope localization between two different maternal tissues, the stigma and the style. 24387633 4 67 theme maternal 697:704 arg1 style 734:738 the style 730:738 the style 730:738 In this work we characterise pollen tube growth in the apple flower and look for differences in glycoprotein epitope localization between two different maternal tissues, the stigma and the style. 24387633 0 68 theme growth 97:102 arg1 modulation 71:80 the modulation 67:80 the modulation of pollen tube growth 67:102 Glycoprotein composition along the pistil of Malus x domestica and the modulation of pollen tube growth. 24387633 0 68 theme growth 97:102 arg1 pistil 35:40 the pistil 31:40 the pistil of Malus x domestica 31:61 Glycoprotein composition along the pistil of Malus x domestica and the modulation of pollen tube growth. 24387633 5 69 from stigma 845:850 arg1 present 815:821 present 815:821 present 815:821 RESULTS While immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins were present at high levels in the stigma, they were not detected in the transmitting tissue of the style, where extensins were abundant. 24387633 7 70 from abundant 1105:1112 arg1 styles 1130:1135 unpollinated styles 1117:1135 unpollinated styles 1117:1135 Similarily, while abundant in unpollinated styles, insoluble polysaccharides such as β-glucans, were depleted in pollinated pistils. 24387633 1 71 dep BACKGROUND 105:114 arg1 constant 166:173 constant 166:173 constant 166:173 BACKGROUND The characteristics of pollen tube growth are not constant, but display distinct patterns of growth within the different tissues of the pistil. 24387633 1 71 dep BACKGROUND 105:114 arg1 display 180:186 display 180:186 display distinct patterns of growth within the different tissues of the pistil 180:257 BACKGROUND The characteristics of pollen tube growth are not constant, but display distinct patterns of growth within the different tissues of the pistil. 24387633 1 71 dep BACKGROUND 105:114 arg1 characteristics 120:134 The characteristics 116:134 The characteristics of pollen tube growth 116:156 BACKGROUND The characteristics of pollen tube growth are not constant, but display distinct patterns of growth within the different tissues of the pistil. 24387633 7 72 theme unpollinated 1117:1128 arg1 styles 1130:1135 unpollinated styles 1117:1135 unpollinated styles 1117:1135 Similarily, while abundant in unpollinated styles, insoluble polysaccharides such as β-glucans, were depleted in pollinated pistils. 24387633 7 73 theme abundant 1105:1112 arg1 polysaccharides 1148:1162 abundant in unpollinated styles, insoluble polysaccharides 1105:1162 abundant in unpollinated styles, insoluble polysaccharides such as β-glucans 1105:1180 Similarily, while abundant in unpollinated styles, insoluble polysaccharides such as β-glucans, were depleted in pollinated pistils. 24387633 7 73 theme abundant 1105:1112 arg1 β-glucans 1172:1180 β-glucans 1172:1180 β-glucans 1172:1180 Similarily, while abundant in unpollinated styles, insoluble polysaccharides such as β-glucans, were depleted in pollinated pistils. 24387633 9 74 theme pollen 1548:1553 arg1 growth 1560:1565 heterotrophic pollen tube growth 1534:1565 heterotrophic pollen tube growth 1534:1565 The depletion of extensins and polysaccharides following pollen tube passage in the style suggest a possible contribution to the acceleration of heterotrophic pollen tube growth, which would imply an active contribution of female tissues on prezygotic male-female crosstalk. 24387633 6 75 theme unpollinated 993:1004 arg1 pistils 1006:1012 unpollinated pistils 993:1012 unpollinated pistils 993:1012 Whereas extensins remained at high levels in unpollinated pistils, they were no longer present in the style following pollen tube passage. 24387633 6 76 attach present 1035:1041 arg1 style 1050:1054 the style 1046:1054 the style following pollen tube passage 1046:1084 Whereas extensins remained at high levels in unpollinated pistils, they were no longer present in the style following pollen tube passage. 24387633 6 76 attach present 1035:1041 arg2 they 1015:1018 they 1015:1018 they 1015:1018 Whereas extensins remained at high levels in unpollinated pistils, they were no longer present in the style following pollen tube passage. 24387633 2 77 dep slow 294:297 arg1 slow 294:297 slow 294:297 slow 294:297 In the stigma, the growth rate is slow and autotrophic, whereas in the style, it is rapid and heterotrophic. 24387633 2 77 dep slow 294:297 arg1 rate 286:289 the growth rate 275:289 the growth rate 275:289 In the stigma, the growth rate is slow and autotrophic, whereas in the style, it is rapid and heterotrophic. 24387633 2 77 dep slow 294:297 arg1 whereas 316:322 whereas 316:322 whereas 316:322 In the stigma, the growth rate is slow and autotrophic, whereas in the style, it is rapid and heterotrophic. 24387633 9 78 theme growth 1560:1565 arg1 acceleration 1518:1529 the acceleration 1514:1529 the acceleration 1514:1529 The depletion of extensins and polysaccharides following pollen tube passage in the style suggest a possible contribution to the acceleration of heterotrophic pollen tube growth, which would imply an active contribution of female tissues on prezygotic male-female crosstalk. 24387633 8 79 theme epitopes 1346:1353 arg1 change 1323:1328 a change 1321:1328 a change of glycoprotein epitopes between the stigma and the style 1321:1386 CONCLUSIONS The switch from autotropic to heterotrophic pollen tube growth correlates spatially with a change of glycoprotein epitopes between the stigma and the style. 24387633 6 80 from style 1050:1054 arg1 present 1035:1041 present 1035:1041 present 1035:1041 Whereas extensins remained at high levels in unpollinated pistils, they were no longer present in the style following pollen tube passage. 24387633 6 81 theme pollen 1066:1071 arg1 passage 1078:1084 pollen tube passage 1066:1084 pollen tube passage 1066:1084 Whereas extensins remained at high levels in unpollinated pistils, they were no longer present in the style following pollen tube passage. 24387633 3 82 theme maternal 436:443 arg1 tissues 445:451 distinct maternal tissues 427:451 distinct maternal tissues 427:451 Very little is known about the interactions between these distinct maternal tissues and the traversing pollen tube and the role of this interaction on the observed metabolism. 24387633 8 83 gly glycoprotein 1333:1344 arg1 glycoprotein 1333:1344 glycoprotein epitopes 1333:1353 glycoprotein epitopes 1333:1353 CONCLUSIONS The switch from autotropic to heterotrophic pollen tube growth correlates spatially with a change of glycoprotein epitopes between the stigma and the style. 24387633 7 84 theme pollinated 1200:1209 arg1 pistils 1211:1217 pollinated pistils 1200:1217 pollinated pistils 1200:1217 Similarily, while abundant in unpollinated styles, insoluble polysaccharides such as β-glucans, were depleted in pollinated pistils. 24387633 1 85 theme growth 209:214 arg1 patterns 197:204 distinct patterns 188:204 distinct patterns of growth 188:214 BACKGROUND The characteristics of pollen tube growth are not constant, but display distinct patterns of growth within the different tissues of the pistil. 24387633 9 86 theme active 1589:1594 arg1 contribution 1596:1607 an active contribution 1586:1607 an active contribution of female tissues 1586:1625 The depletion of extensins and polysaccharides following pollen tube passage in the style suggest a possible contribution to the acceleration of heterotrophic pollen tube growth, which would imply an active contribution of female tissues on prezygotic male-female crosstalk. 24387633 3 87 theme traversing 461:470 arg1 tube 479:482 the traversing pollen tube 457:482 the traversing pollen tube 457:482 Very little is known about the interactions between these distinct maternal tissues and the traversing pollen tube and the role of this interaction on the observed metabolism. 28049462 21 0 theme cartilage 2280:2288 arg1 protection 2290:2299 cartilage protection 2280:2299 cartilage protection 2280:2299 CONCLUSION OA-F2 has shown therapeutic effects in rat model of collagenase induced OA by demonstrating cartilage protection through controlling MMPs and improving anti-oxidant levels in arthritic synovium and is a potent candidate for further drug development and treatment for OA. 28049462 9 1 theme serum 1010:1014 arg1 protein 1027:1033 serum C-reactive protein 1010:1033 serum C-reactive protein (CRP) 1010:1039 The effects of the 20 days treatment were monitored by parameters like knee diameter, paw volume, paw retraction; serum C-reactive protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG). 28049462 9 1 theme serum 1010:1014 arg1 CRP 1036:1038 CRP 1036:1038 CRP 1036:1038 The effects of the 20 days treatment were monitored by parameters like knee diameter, paw volume, paw retraction; serum C-reactive protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG). 28049462 14 2 contain has 1571:1573 arg1 M 1536:1536 M 1536:1536 M (-0.110, p < 0.05) 1536:1555 OA-F2L (-0.670, p < 0.001), M (-0.110, p < 0.05) and H (0.073) has markedly reduced levels of CRP compared to DICLO. 28049462 14 2 contain has 1571:1573 arg2 levels 1592:1597 markedly reduced levels 1575:1597 markedly reduced levels of CRP 1575:1604 OA-F2L (-0.670, p < 0.001), M (-0.110, p < 0.05) and H (0.073) has markedly reduced levels of CRP compared to DICLO. 28049462 14 2 contain has 1571:1573 arg1 OA-F2L 1508:1513 OA-F2L 1508:1513 OA-F2L 1508:1513 OA-F2L (-0.670, p < 0.001), M (-0.110, p < 0.05) and H (0.073) has markedly reduced levels of CRP compared to DICLO. 28049462 14 2 contain has 1571:1573 arg1 H 1561:1561 H (0.073) 1561:1569 H (0.073) 1561:1569 OA-F2L (-0.670, p < 0.001), M (-0.110, p < 0.05) and H (0.073) has markedly reduced levels of CRP compared to DICLO. 28049462 11 3 theme anti-osteoarthritic 1242:1260 arg1 potential 1262:1270 anti-osteoarthritic potential 1242:1270 anti-osteoarthritic potential of OA-F2 1242:1279 Additionally, gene expression was studied from isolated synovium tissue proving anti-osteoarthritic potential of OA-F2. 28049462 19 4 theme MMP-3 2050:2054 arg1 expression 2036:2045 expression 2036:2045 expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 2036:2064 Upregulated CAT expression was observed in OA-F2M and H. Considerable down-regulation of expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 was observed in all the groups. 28049462 0 5 theme osteoarthritis 101:114 arg1 model 72:76 a rat model 66:76 a rat model of collagenase induced osteoarthritis 66:114 New herbal composition (OA-F2) protects cartilage degeneration in a rat model of collagenase induced osteoarthritis. 28049462 5 6 theme herbal 428:433 arg1 formulation 435:445 a herbal formulation 426:445 a herbal formulation prepared using combination of these two plants in alleviating OA associated symptoms in a rat model of collagenase-induced OA 426:571 Here, we describe the effect of OA-F2, a herbal formulation prepared using combination of these two plants in alleviating OA associated symptoms in a rat model of collagenase-induced OA. 28049462 5 6 theme herbal 428:433 arg1 OA-F2 419:423 OA-F2 419:423 OA-F2 419:423 Here, we describe the effect of OA-F2, a herbal formulation prepared using combination of these two plants in alleviating OA associated symptoms in a rat model of collagenase-induced OA. 28049462 21 7 theme arthritic 2363:2371 arg1 synovium 2373:2380 arthritic synovium 2363:2380 arthritic synovium 2363:2380 CONCLUSION OA-F2 has shown therapeutic effects in rat model of collagenase induced OA by demonstrating cartilage protection through controlling MMPs and improving anti-oxidant levels in arthritic synovium and is a potent candidate for further drug development and treatment for OA. 28049462 12 8 theme paw 1417:1419 arg1 swelling 1352:1359 knee swelling 1347:1359 knee swelling compared to OAC 1347:1375 RESULTS Oral administration of OA-F2 has significantly prevented knee swelling compared to OAC; OA-F2 and DICLO, significantly reduced paw volume compared to OAC. 28049462 12 8 theme paw 1417:1419 arg1 volume 1421:1426 significantly reduced paw volume 1395:1426 significantly reduced paw volume 1395:1426 RESULTS Oral administration of OA-F2 has significantly prevented knee swelling compared to OAC; OA-F2 and DICLO, significantly reduced paw volume compared to OAC. 28049462 3 9 theme previous 275:282 arg1 study 284:288 Our previous study 271:288 Our previous study 271:288 Our previous study showed that Sida cordifolia L. and Zingiber officinale Rosc. 28049462 19 10 theme CAT 1959:1961 arg1 expression 1963:1972 Upregulated CAT expression 1947:1972 Upregulated CAT expression 1947:1972 Upregulated CAT expression was observed in OA-F2M and H. Considerable down-regulation of expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 was observed in all the groups. 28049462 5 11 theme associated 512:521 arg1 symptoms 523:530 OA associated symptoms 509:530 OA associated symptoms 509:530 Here, we describe the effect of OA-F2, a herbal formulation prepared using combination of these two plants in alleviating OA associated symptoms in a rat model of collagenase-induced OA. 28049462 21 12 theme drug 2420:2423 arg1 development 2425:2435 further drug development 2412:2435 further drug development 2412:2435 CONCLUSION OA-F2 has shown therapeutic effects in rat model of collagenase induced OA by demonstrating cartilage protection through controlling MMPs and improving anti-oxidant levels in arthritic synovium and is a potent candidate for further drug development and treatment for OA. 28049462 2 13 theme satisfactory 218:229 arg1 agents 247:252 no satisfactory pharmacological agents 215:252 no satisfactory pharmacological agents for treating OA 215:268 At present there are no satisfactory pharmacological agents for treating OA. 28049462 19 14 theme H. 2001:2002 arg1 down-regulation 2017:2031 H. Considerable down-regulation 2001:2031 H. Considerable down-regulation of expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 2001:2064 Upregulated CAT expression was observed in OA-F2M and H. Considerable down-regulation of expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 was observed in all the groups. 28049462 3 15 theme Sida 302:305 arg1 L. 318:319 that Sida cordifolia L. and Zingiber officinale Rosc 297:348 L. 318:319 Our previous study showed that Sida cordifolia L. and Zingiber officinale Rosc. 28049462 21 16 theme collagenase 2240:2250 arg1 effects 2216:2222 therapeutic effects 2204:2222 therapeutic effects in rat model of collagenase induced OA by demonstrating cartilage protection through controlling MMPs and improving anti-oxidant levels in arthritic synovium 2204:2380 CONCLUSION OA-F2 has shown therapeutic effects in rat model of collagenase induced OA by demonstrating cartilage protection through controlling MMPs and improving anti-oxidant levels in arthritic synovium and is a potent candidate for further drug development and treatment for OA. 28049462 5 17 theme plants 487:492 arg1 combination 462:472 combination 462:472 combination of these two plants 462:492 Here, we describe the effect of OA-F2, a herbal formulation prepared using combination of these two plants in alleviating OA associated symptoms in a rat model of collagenase-induced OA. 28049462 1 18 theme osteoarthritis 142:155 arg1 Prevalence 128:137 BACKGROUND Prevalence 117:137 BACKGROUND Prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) 117:160 BACKGROUND Prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) is on rise on the global scale. 28049462 21 19 theme potent 2391:2396 arg1 candidate 2398:2406 a potent candidate 2389:2406 a potent candidate for further drug development and treatment for OA 2389:2456 CONCLUSION OA-F2 has shown therapeutic effects in rat model of collagenase induced OA by demonstrating cartilage protection through controlling MMPs and improving anti-oxidant levels in arthritic synovium and is a potent candidate for further drug development and treatment for OA. 28049462 19 20 theme expression 2036:2045 arg1 down-regulation 2017:2031 H. Considerable down-regulation 2001:2031 H. Considerable down-regulation of expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 2001:2064 Upregulated CAT expression was observed in OA-F2M and H. Considerable down-regulation of expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 was observed in all the groups. 28049462 14 21 theme CRP 1602:1604 arg1 levels 1592:1597 markedly reduced levels 1575:1597 markedly reduced levels of CRP 1575:1604 OA-F2L (-0.670, p < 0.001), M (-0.110, p < 0.05) and H (0.073) has markedly reduced levels of CRP compared to DICLO. 28049462 3 22 theme Zingiber 325:332 arg1 Rosc 345:348 that Sida cordifolia L. and Zingiber officinale Rosc 297:348 Rosc 345:348 Our previous study showed that Sida cordifolia L. and Zingiber officinale Rosc. 28049462 12 23 dep swelling 1352:1359 arg1 OA-F2 1378:1382 OA-F2 1378:1382 OA-F2 1378:1382 RESULTS Oral administration of OA-F2 has significantly prevented knee swelling compared to OAC; OA-F2 and DICLO, significantly reduced paw volume compared to OAC. 28049462 12 23 dep swelling 1352:1359 arg1 DICLO 1388:1392 DICLO 1388:1392 DICLO 1388:1392 RESULTS Oral administration of OA-F2 has significantly prevented knee swelling compared to OAC; OA-F2 and DICLO, significantly reduced paw volume compared to OAC. 28049462 5 24 theme OA 570:571 arg1 model 541:545 a rat model 535:545 a rat model of collagenase-induced OA 535:571 Here, we describe the effect of OA-F2, a herbal formulation prepared using combination of these two plants in alleviating OA associated symptoms in a rat model of collagenase-induced OA. 28049462 20 25 located observed 2126:2133 arg2 Up-regulation 2098:2110 Up-regulation 2098:2110 Up-regulation of TIMP-1 2098:2120 Up-regulation of TIMP-1 was observed in rats treated with OA-F2L, H and DICLO. 28049462 20 25 located observed 2126:2133 arg1 rats 2138:2141 rats 2138:2141 rats treated with OA-F2L, H and DICLO 2138:2174 Up-regulation of TIMP-1 was observed in rats treated with OA-F2L, H and DICLO. 28049462 19 26 located observed 1978:1985 arg2 expression 1963:1972 Upregulated CAT expression 1947:1972 Upregulated CAT expression 1947:1972 Upregulated CAT expression was observed in OA-F2M and H. Considerable down-regulation of expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 was observed in all the groups. 28049462 19 26 located observed 1978:1985 arg1 OA-F2M 1990:1995 OA-F2M 1990:1995 OA-F2M 1990:1995 Upregulated CAT expression was observed in OA-F2M and H. Considerable down-regulation of expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 was observed in all the groups. 28049462 9 27 theme treatment 923:931 arg1 effects 900:906 The effects 896:906 The effects of the 20 days treatment 896:931 The effects of the 20 days treatment were monitored by parameters like knee diameter, paw volume, paw retraction; serum C-reactive protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG). 28049462 21 28 from levels 2353:2358 arg1 synovium 2373:2380 arthritic synovium 2363:2380 arthritic synovium 2363:2380 CONCLUSION OA-F2 has shown therapeutic effects in rat model of collagenase induced OA by demonstrating cartilage protection through controlling MMPs and improving anti-oxidant levels in arthritic synovium and is a potent candidate for further drug development and treatment for OA. 28049462 0 29 theme collagenase 81:91 arg1 osteoarthritis 101:114 collagenase induced osteoarthritis 81:114 collagenase induced osteoarthritis 81:114 New herbal composition (OA-F2) protects cartilage degeneration in a rat model of collagenase induced osteoarthritis. 28049462 19 30 theme MMP-9 2060:2064 arg1 expression 2036:2045 expression 2036:2045 expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 2036:2064 Upregulated CAT expression was observed in OA-F2M and H. Considerable down-regulation of expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 was observed in all the groups. 28049462 21 31 theme rat 2227:2229 arg1 model 2231:2235 rat model 2227:2235 rat model 2227:2235 CONCLUSION OA-F2 has shown therapeutic effects in rat model of collagenase induced OA by demonstrating cartilage protection through controlling MMPs and improving anti-oxidant levels in arthritic synovium and is a potent candidate for further drug development and treatment for OA. 28049462 6 32 theme wistar 652:657 arg1 rats 659:662 wistar rats 652:662 wistar rats 652:662 METHODS OA was induced by intra-articular injection of collagenase type II in wistar rats. 28049462 0 33 theme New 0:2 arg1 composition 11:21 New herbal composition 0:21 New herbal composition (OA-F2) 0:29 New herbal composition (OA-F2) protects cartilage degeneration in a rat model of collagenase induced osteoarthritis. 28049462 0 33 theme New 0:2 arg1 OA-F2 24:28 OA-F2 24:28 OA-F2 24:28 New herbal composition (OA-F2) protects cartilage degeneration in a rat model of collagenase induced osteoarthritis. 28049462 5 34 theme rat 537:539 arg1 model 541:545 a rat model 535:545 a rat model of collagenase-induced OA 535:571 Here, we describe the effect of OA-F2, a herbal formulation prepared using combination of these two plants in alleviating OA associated symptoms in a rat model of collagenase-induced OA. 28049462 16 35 theme GAG 1728:1730 arg1 release 1732:1738 GAG release 1728:1738 GAG release in the serum 1728:1751 GAG release in the serum was also significantly lowered in OA-F2 treated group compared to DICLO. 28049462 10 36 theme knee 1132:1135 arg1 joint 1137:1141 knee joint 1132:1141 knee joint 1132:1141 Radiography and histopathology of knee joint were also studied. 28049462 1 37 from rise 168:171 arg1 scale 187:191 the global scale 176:191 the global scale 176:191 BACKGROUND Prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) is on rise on the global scale. 28049462 14 38 theme reduced 1584:1590 arg1 levels 1592:1597 markedly reduced levels 1575:1597 markedly reduced levels of CRP 1575:1604 OA-F2L (-0.670, p < 0.001), M (-0.110, p < 0.05) and H (0.073) has markedly reduced levels of CRP compared to DICLO. 28049462 6 39 theme collagenase 629:639 arg1 type 641:644 collagenase type II 629:647 collagenase type II 629:647 METHODS OA was induced by intra-articular injection of collagenase type II in wistar rats. 28049462 9 40 theme knee 967:970 arg1 diameter 972:979 knee diameter 967:979 knee diameter 967:979 The effects of the 20 days treatment were monitored by parameters like knee diameter, paw volume, paw retraction; serum C-reactive protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG). 28049462 21 41 theme CONCLUSION 2177:2186 arg1 OA-F2 2188:2192 CONCLUSION OA-F2 2177:2192 CONCLUSION OA-F2 2177:2192 CONCLUSION OA-F2 has shown therapeutic effects in rat model of collagenase induced OA by demonstrating cartilage protection through controlling MMPs and improving anti-oxidant levels in arthritic synovium and is a potent candidate for further drug development and treatment for OA. 28049462 17 42 theme cartilage 1881:1889 arg1 protection 1891:1900 cartilage protection 1881:1900 cartilage protection by OA-F2 1881:1909 Radiological and histopathological observations showed cartilage protection by OA-F2. 28049462 16 43 theme treated 1793:1799 arg1 group 1801:1805 OA-F2 treated group 1787:1805 OA-F2 treated group 1787:1805 GAG release in the serum was also significantly lowered in OA-F2 treated group compared to DICLO. 28049462 8 44 dep groups 753:758 arg1 OA-F2M 853:858 OA-F2M 853:858 OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) 853:870 Rats (n = 6) were divided into 6 groups: Healthy control (HC), osteoarthritic control (OAC), diclofenac (DICLO), OA-F2L (135 mg/kg), OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) and OA-F2H (540 mg/kg). 28049462 8 44 dep groups 753:758 arg1 OAC 807:809 OAC 807:809 OAC 807:809 Rats (n = 6) were divided into 6 groups: Healthy control (HC), osteoarthritic control (OAC), diclofenac (DICLO), OA-F2L (135 mg/kg), OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) and OA-F2H (540 mg/kg). 28049462 8 44 dep groups 753:758 arg1 540 mg/kg 884:892 540 mg/kg 884:892 540 mg/kg 884:892 Rats (n = 6) were divided into 6 groups: Healthy control (HC), osteoarthritic control (OAC), diclofenac (DICLO), OA-F2L (135 mg/kg), OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) and OA-F2H (540 mg/kg). 28049462 8 44 dep groups 753:758 arg1 groups 753:758 6 groups 751:758 6 groups: Healthy control (HC), osteoarthritic control (OAC), diclofenac (DICLO), OA-F2L (135 mg/kg), OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) and OA-F2H (540 mg/kg) 751:893 Rats (n = 6) were divided into 6 groups: Healthy control (HC), osteoarthritic control (OAC), diclofenac (DICLO), OA-F2L (135 mg/kg), OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) and OA-F2H (540 mg/kg). 28049462 8 44 dep groups 753:758 arg1 OA-F2L 833:838 OA-F2L 833:838 OA-F2L (135 mg/kg) 833:850 Rats (n = 6) were divided into 6 groups: Healthy control (HC), osteoarthritic control (OAC), diclofenac (DICLO), OA-F2L (135 mg/kg), OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) and OA-F2H (540 mg/kg). 28049462 8 44 dep groups 753:758 arg1 270 mg/kg 861:869 270 mg/kg 861:869 270 mg/kg 861:869 Rats (n = 6) were divided into 6 groups: Healthy control (HC), osteoarthritic control (OAC), diclofenac (DICLO), OA-F2L (135 mg/kg), OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) and OA-F2H (540 mg/kg). 28049462 8 44 dep groups 753:758 arg1 135 mg/kg 841:849 135 mg/kg 841:849 135 mg/kg 841:849 Rats (n = 6) were divided into 6 groups: Healthy control (HC), osteoarthritic control (OAC), diclofenac (DICLO), OA-F2L (135 mg/kg), OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) and OA-F2H (540 mg/kg). 28049462 8 44 dep groups 753:758 arg1 diclofenac 813:822 diclofenac 813:822 diclofenac (DICLO) 813:830 Rats (n = 6) were divided into 6 groups: Healthy control (HC), osteoarthritic control (OAC), diclofenac (DICLO), OA-F2L (135 mg/kg), OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) and OA-F2H (540 mg/kg). 28049462 8 44 dep groups 753:758 arg1 control 798:804 osteoarthritic control 783:804 osteoarthritic control (OAC) 783:810 Rats (n = 6) were divided into 6 groups: Healthy control (HC), osteoarthritic control (OAC), diclofenac (DICLO), OA-F2L (135 mg/kg), OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) and OA-F2H (540 mg/kg). 28049462 8 44 dep groups 753:758 arg1 OA-F2H 876:881 OA-F2H 876:881 OA-F2H (540 mg/kg) 876:893 Rats (n = 6) were divided into 6 groups: Healthy control (HC), osteoarthritic control (OAC), diclofenac (DICLO), OA-F2L (135 mg/kg), OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) and OA-F2H (540 mg/kg). 28049462 8 44 dep groups 753:758 arg1 DICLO 825:829 DICLO 825:829 DICLO 825:829 Rats (n = 6) were divided into 6 groups: Healthy control (HC), osteoarthritic control (OAC), diclofenac (DICLO), OA-F2L (135 mg/kg), OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) and OA-F2H (540 mg/kg). 28049462 8 44 dep groups 753:758 arg1 control 769:775 Healthy control 761:775 Healthy control (HC) 761:780 Rats (n = 6) were divided into 6 groups: Healthy control (HC), osteoarthritic control (OAC), diclofenac (DICLO), OA-F2L (135 mg/kg), OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) and OA-F2H (540 mg/kg). 28049462 8 44 dep groups 753:758 arg1 HC 778:779 HC 778:779 HC 778:779 Rats (n = 6) were divided into 6 groups: Healthy control (HC), osteoarthritic control (OAC), diclofenac (DICLO), OA-F2L (135 mg/kg), OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) and OA-F2H (540 mg/kg). 28049462 5 45 theme OA-F2 419:423 arg1 effect 409:414 the effect 405:414 the effect of OA-F2, a herbal formulation prepared using combination of these two plants in alleviating OA associated symptoms in a rat model of collagenase-induced OA 405:571 Here, we describe the effect of OA-F2, a herbal formulation prepared using combination of these two plants in alleviating OA associated symptoms in a rat model of collagenase-induced OA. 28049462 12 46 theme Oral 1290:1293 arg1 administration 1295:1308 Oral administration 1290:1308 Oral administration of OA-F2 1290:1317 RESULTS Oral administration of OA-F2 has significantly prevented knee swelling compared to OAC; OA-F2 and DICLO, significantly reduced paw volume compared to OAC. 28049462 7 47 used used 691:694 arg2 Diclofenac 665:674 Diclofenac 665:674 Diclofenac (10 mg/kg) 665:685 Diclofenac (10 mg/kg) was used as a reference control. 28049462 7 47 used used 691:694 arg2 control 711:717 a reference control 699:717 a reference control 699:717 Diclofenac (10 mg/kg) was used as a reference control. 28049462 7 47 used used 691:694 arg2 10 mg/kg 677:684 10 mg/kg 677:684 10 mg/kg 677:684 Diclofenac (10 mg/kg) was used as a reference control. 28049462 9 48 theme C-reactive 1016:1025 arg1 protein 1027:1033 serum C-reactive protein 1010:1033 serum C-reactive protein (CRP) 1010:1039 The effects of the 20 days treatment were monitored by parameters like knee diameter, paw volume, paw retraction; serum C-reactive protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG). 28049462 9 48 theme C-reactive 1016:1025 arg1 CRP 1036:1038 CRP 1036:1038 CRP 1036:1038 The effects of the 20 days treatment were monitored by parameters like knee diameter, paw volume, paw retraction; serum C-reactive protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG). 28049462 19 49 located observed 2070:2077 arg2 down-regulation 2017:2031 H. Considerable down-regulation 2001:2031 H. Considerable down-regulation of expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 2001:2064 Upregulated CAT expression was observed in OA-F2M and H. Considerable down-regulation of expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 was observed in all the groups. 28049462 19 49 located observed 2070:2077 arg1 groups 2090:2095 all the groups 2082:2095 all the groups 2082:2095 Upregulated CAT expression was observed in OA-F2M and H. Considerable down-regulation of expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 was observed in all the groups. 28049462 11 50 theme synovium 1218:1225 arg1 tissue 1227:1232 isolated synovium tissue 1209:1232 isolated synovium tissue proving anti-osteoarthritic potential of OA-F2 1209:1279 Additionally, gene expression was studied from isolated synovium tissue proving anti-osteoarthritic potential of OA-F2. 28049462 13 51 theme Paw 1445:1447 arg1 latency 1449:1455 Paw latency 1445:1455 Paw latency 1445:1455 Paw latency was remarkably increased by OA-F2 compared to OAC. 28049462 20 52 theme TIMP-1 2115:2120 arg1 Up-regulation 2098:2110 Up-regulation 2098:2110 Up-regulation of TIMP-1 2098:2120 Up-regulation of TIMP-1 was observed in rats treated with OA-F2L, H and DICLO. 28049462 4 53 theme protective 355:364 arg1 effect 366:371 protective effect 355:371 protective effect 355:371 had protective effect on cartilage. 28049462 9 54 theme alkaline 1042:1049 arg1 ALP 1064:1066 ALP 1064:1066 ALP 1064:1066 The effects of the 20 days treatment were monitored by parameters like knee diameter, paw volume, paw retraction; serum C-reactive protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG). 28049462 9 54 theme alkaline 1042:1049 arg1 phosphatase 1051:1061 alkaline phosphatase 1042:1061 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 1042:1067 The effects of the 20 days treatment were monitored by parameters like knee diameter, paw volume, paw retraction; serum C-reactive protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG). 28049462 17 55 theme Radiological 1826:1837 arg1 observations 1861:1872 Radiological and histopathological observations 1826:1872 Radiological and histopathological observations 1826:1872 Radiological and histopathological observations showed cartilage protection by OA-F2. 28049462 11 56 theme gene 1176:1179 arg1 expression 1181:1190 gene expression 1176:1190 gene expression 1176:1190 Additionally, gene expression was studied from isolated synovium tissue proving anti-osteoarthritic potential of OA-F2. 28049462 1 57 theme global 180:185 arg1 scale 187:191 the global scale 176:191 the global scale 176:191 BACKGROUND Prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) is on rise on the global scale. 28049462 17 58 theme histopathological 1843:1859 arg1 observations 1861:1872 Radiological and histopathological observations 1826:1872 Radiological and histopathological observations 1826:1872 Radiological and histopathological observations showed cartilage protection by OA-F2. 28049462 19 59 theme Upregulated 1947:1957 arg1 expression 1963:1972 Upregulated CAT expression 1947:1972 Upregulated CAT expression 1947:1972 Upregulated CAT expression was observed in OA-F2M and H. Considerable down-regulation of expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 was observed in all the groups. 28049462 5 60 theme OA 509:510 arg1 symptoms 523:530 OA associated symptoms 509:530 OA associated symptoms 509:530 Here, we describe the effect of OA-F2, a herbal formulation prepared using combination of these two plants in alleviating OA associated symptoms in a rat model of collagenase-induced OA. 28049462 21 61 theme further 2412:2418 arg1 development 2425:2435 further drug development 2412:2435 further drug development 2412:2435 CONCLUSION OA-F2 has shown therapeutic effects in rat model of collagenase induced OA by demonstrating cartilage protection through controlling MMPs and improving anti-oxidant levels in arthritic synovium and is a potent candidate for further drug development and treatment for OA. 28049462 12 62 dep RESULTS 1282:1288 arg1 prevented 1337:1345 prevented 1337:1345 has significantly prevented knee swelling compared to OAC; OA-F2 and DICLO, significantly reduced paw volume compared to OAC 1319:1442 RESULTS Oral administration of OA-F2 has significantly prevented knee swelling compared to OAC; OA-F2 and DICLO, significantly reduced paw volume compared to OAC. 28049462 2 63 theme pharmacological 231:245 arg1 agents 247:252 no satisfactory pharmacological agents 215:252 no satisfactory pharmacological agents for treating OA 215:268 At present there are no satisfactory pharmacological agents for treating OA. 28049462 1 64 theme BACKGROUND 117:126 arg1 Prevalence 128:137 BACKGROUND Prevalence 117:137 BACKGROUND Prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) 117:160 BACKGROUND Prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) is on rise on the global scale. 28049462 21 65 theme anti-oxidant 2340:2351 arg1 levels 2353:2358 anti-oxidant levels 2340:2358 anti-oxidant levels in arthritic synovium 2340:2380 CONCLUSION OA-F2 has shown therapeutic effects in rat model of collagenase induced OA by demonstrating cartilage protection through controlling MMPs and improving anti-oxidant levels in arthritic synovium and is a potent candidate for further drug development and treatment for OA. 28049462 6 66 theme intra-articular 600:614 arg1 injection 616:624 intra-articular injection 600:624 intra-articular injection of collagenase type II 600:647 METHODS OA was induced by intra-articular injection of collagenase type II in wistar rats. 28049462 14 67 dep M 1536:1536 arg1 p < 0.05 1547:1554 p < 0.05 1547:1554 p < 0.05 1547:1554 OA-F2L (-0.670, p < 0.001), M (-0.110, p < 0.05) and H (0.073) has markedly reduced levels of CRP compared to DICLO. 28049462 19 68 theme Considerable 2004:2015 arg1 down-regulation 2017:2031 H. Considerable down-regulation 2001:2031 H. Considerable down-regulation of expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 2001:2064 Upregulated CAT expression was observed in OA-F2M and H. Considerable down-regulation of expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 was observed in all the groups. 28049462 12 69 theme reduced 1409:1415 arg1 swelling 1352:1359 knee swelling 1347:1359 knee swelling compared to OAC 1347:1375 RESULTS Oral administration of OA-F2 has significantly prevented knee swelling compared to OAC; OA-F2 and DICLO, significantly reduced paw volume compared to OAC. 28049462 12 69 theme reduced 1409:1415 arg1 volume 1421:1426 significantly reduced paw volume 1395:1426 significantly reduced paw volume 1395:1426 RESULTS Oral administration of OA-F2 has significantly prevented knee swelling compared to OAC; OA-F2 and DICLO, significantly reduced paw volume compared to OAC. 28049462 3 70 theme cordifolia 307:316 arg1 L. 318:319 that Sida cordifolia L. and Zingiber officinale Rosc 297:348 L. 318:319 Our previous study showed that Sida cordifolia L. and Zingiber officinale Rosc. 28049462 0 71 theme rat 68:70 arg1 model 72:76 a rat model 66:76 a rat model of collagenase induced osteoarthritis 66:114 New herbal composition (OA-F2) protects cartilage degeneration in a rat model of collagenase induced osteoarthritis. 28049462 8 72 theme Healthy 761:767 arg1 groups 753:758 6 groups 751:758 6 groups: Healthy control (HC), osteoarthritic control (OAC), diclofenac (DICLO), OA-F2L (135 mg/kg), OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) and OA-F2H (540 mg/kg) 751:893 Rats (n = 6) were divided into 6 groups: Healthy control (HC), osteoarthritic control (OAC), diclofenac (DICLO), OA-F2L (135 mg/kg), OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) and OA-F2H (540 mg/kg). 28049462 8 72 theme Healthy 761:767 arg1 control 769:775 Healthy control 761:775 Healthy control (HC) 761:780 Rats (n = 6) were divided into 6 groups: Healthy control (HC), osteoarthritic control (OAC), diclofenac (DICLO), OA-F2L (135 mg/kg), OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) and OA-F2H (540 mg/kg). 28049462 8 72 theme Healthy 761:767 arg1 HC 778:779 HC 778:779 HC 778:779 Rats (n = 6) were divided into 6 groups: Healthy control (HC), osteoarthritic control (OAC), diclofenac (DICLO), OA-F2L (135 mg/kg), OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) and OA-F2H (540 mg/kg). 28049462 16 73 from release 1732:1738 arg1 serum 1747:1751 the serum 1743:1751 the serum 1743:1751 GAG release in the serum was also significantly lowered in OA-F2 treated group compared to DICLO. 28049462 5 74 theme collagenase-induced 550:568 arg1 OA 570:571 collagenase-induced OA 550:571 collagenase-induced OA 550:571 Here, we describe the effect of OA-F2, a herbal formulation prepared using combination of these two plants in alleviating OA associated symptoms in a rat model of collagenase-induced OA. 28049462 3 75 theme officinale 334:343 arg1 Rosc 345:348 that Sida cordifolia L. and Zingiber officinale Rosc 297:348 Rosc 345:348 Our previous study showed that Sida cordifolia L. and Zingiber officinale Rosc. 28049462 15 76 theme ALP 1697:1699 arg1 levels 1701:1706 ALP levels 1697:1706 ALP levels 1697:1706 OA-F2L (p < 0.05), M (p < 0.001) and H (p < 0.05) significantly reduced ALP levels, compared to DICLO. 28049462 9 77 theme 20 days 915:921 arg1 treatment 923:931 the 20 days treatment 911:931 the 20 days treatment 911:931 The effects of the 20 days treatment were monitored by parameters like knee diameter, paw volume, paw retraction; serum C-reactive protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG). 28049462 0 78 theme induced 93:99 arg1 osteoarthritis 101:114 collagenase induced osteoarthritis 81:114 collagenase induced osteoarthritis 81:114 New herbal composition (OA-F2) protects cartilage degeneration in a rat model of collagenase induced osteoarthritis. 28049462 11 79 theme OA-F2 1275:1279 arg1 potential 1262:1270 anti-osteoarthritic potential 1242:1270 anti-osteoarthritic potential of OA-F2 1242:1279 Additionally, gene expression was studied from isolated synovium tissue proving anti-osteoarthritic potential of OA-F2. 28049462 0 80 theme herbal 4:9 arg1 composition 11:21 New herbal composition 0:21 New herbal composition (OA-F2) 0:29 New herbal composition (OA-F2) protects cartilage degeneration in a rat model of collagenase induced osteoarthritis. 28049462 0 80 theme herbal 4:9 arg1 OA-F2 24:28 OA-F2 24:28 OA-F2 24:28 New herbal composition (OA-F2) protects cartilage degeneration in a rat model of collagenase induced osteoarthritis. 28049462 8 81 theme osteoarthritic 783:796 arg1 groups 753:758 6 groups 751:758 6 groups: Healthy control (HC), osteoarthritic control (OAC), diclofenac (DICLO), OA-F2L (135 mg/kg), OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) and OA-F2H (540 mg/kg) 751:893 Rats (n = 6) were divided into 6 groups: Healthy control (HC), osteoarthritic control (OAC), diclofenac (DICLO), OA-F2L (135 mg/kg), OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) and OA-F2H (540 mg/kg). 28049462 8 81 theme osteoarthritic 783:796 arg1 OAC 807:809 OAC 807:809 OAC 807:809 Rats (n = 6) were divided into 6 groups: Healthy control (HC), osteoarthritic control (OAC), diclofenac (DICLO), OA-F2L (135 mg/kg), OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) and OA-F2H (540 mg/kg). 28049462 8 81 theme osteoarthritic 783:796 arg1 control 798:804 osteoarthritic control 783:804 osteoarthritic control (OAC) 783:810 Rats (n = 6) were divided into 6 groups: Healthy control (HC), osteoarthritic control (OAC), diclofenac (DICLO), OA-F2L (135 mg/kg), OA-F2M (270 mg/kg) and OA-F2H (540 mg/kg). 28049462 10 82 theme joint 1137:1141 arg1 Radiography 1098:1108 Radiography 1098:1108 Radiography 1098:1108 Radiography and histopathology of knee joint were also studied. 28049462 10 82 theme joint 1137:1141 arg1 histopathology 1114:1127 histopathology 1114:1127 histopathology 1114:1127 Radiography and histopathology of knee joint were also studied. 28049462 9 83 theme paw 994:996 arg1 retraction 998:1007 paw retraction 994:1007 paw retraction 994:1007 The effects of the 20 days treatment were monitored by parameters like knee diameter, paw volume, paw retraction; serum C-reactive protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG). 28049462 14 84 dep OA-F2L 1508:1513 arg1 p < 0.001 1524:1532 p < 0.001 1524:1532 p < 0.001 1524:1532 OA-F2L (-0.670, p < 0.001), M (-0.110, p < 0.05) and H (0.073) has markedly reduced levels of CRP compared to DICLO. 28049462 6 85 theme type 641:644 arg1 injection 616:624 intra-articular injection 600:624 intra-articular injection of collagenase type II 600:647 METHODS OA was induced by intra-articular injection of collagenase type II in wistar rats. 28049462 12 86 theme knee 1347:1350 arg1 swelling 1352:1359 knee swelling 1347:1359 knee swelling compared to OAC 1347:1375 RESULTS Oral administration of OA-F2 has significantly prevented knee swelling compared to OAC; OA-F2 and DICLO, significantly reduced paw volume compared to OAC. 28049462 12 86 theme knee 1347:1350 arg1 volume 1421:1426 significantly reduced paw volume 1395:1426 significantly reduced paw volume 1395:1426 RESULTS Oral administration of OA-F2 has significantly prevented knee swelling compared to OAC; OA-F2 and DICLO, significantly reduced paw volume compared to OAC. 28049462 21 87 theme therapeutic 2204:2214 arg1 effects 2216:2222 therapeutic effects 2204:2222 therapeutic effects in rat model of collagenase induced OA by demonstrating cartilage protection through controlling MMPs and improving anti-oxidant levels in arthritic synovium 2204:2380 CONCLUSION OA-F2 has shown therapeutic effects in rat model of collagenase induced OA by demonstrating cartilage protection through controlling MMPs and improving anti-oxidant levels in arthritic synovium and is a potent candidate for further drug development and treatment for OA. 28049462 0 88 theme cartilage 40:48 arg1 degeneration 50:61 cartilage degeneration 40:61 cartilage degeneration 40:61 New herbal composition (OA-F2) protects cartilage degeneration in a rat model of collagenase induced osteoarthritis. 28049462 9 89 theme paw 982:984 arg1 volume 986:991 paw volume 982:991 paw volume 982:991 The effects of the 20 days treatment were monitored by parameters like knee diameter, paw volume, paw retraction; serum C-reactive protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG). 28049462 12 90 theme OA-F2 1313:1317 arg1 administration 1295:1308 Oral administration 1290:1308 Oral administration of OA-F2 1290:1317 RESULTS Oral administration of OA-F2 has significantly prevented knee swelling compared to OAC; OA-F2 and DICLO, significantly reduced paw volume compared to OAC. 28049462 16 91 theme OA-F2 1787:1791 arg1 group 1801:1805 OA-F2 treated group 1787:1805 OA-F2 treated group 1787:1805 GAG release in the serum was also significantly lowered in OA-F2 treated group compared to DICLO. 28049462 7 92 theme reference 701:709 arg1 control 711:717 a reference control 699:717 a reference control 699:717 Diclofenac (10 mg/kg) was used as a reference control. 28049462 7 92 theme reference 701:709 arg1 Diclofenac 665:674 Diclofenac 665:674 Diclofenac (10 mg/kg) 665:685 Diclofenac (10 mg/kg) was used as a reference control. 28049462 11 93 theme isolated 1209:1216 arg1 tissue 1227:1232 isolated synovium tissue 1209:1232 isolated synovium tissue proving anti-osteoarthritic potential of OA-F2 1209:1279 Additionally, gene expression was studied from isolated synovium tissue proving anti-osteoarthritic potential of OA-F2. 28049462 21 94 from effects 2216:2222 arg1 model 2231:2235 rat model 2227:2235 rat model 2227:2235 CONCLUSION OA-F2 has shown therapeutic effects in rat model of collagenase induced OA by demonstrating cartilage protection through controlling MMPs and improving anti-oxidant levels in arthritic synovium and is a potent candidate for further drug development and treatment for OA. 28384382 9 0 theme extraction 1899:1908 arg1 methods 1910:1916 glycoprotein extraction methods 1886:1916 glycoprotein extraction methods 1886:1916 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 4 1 theme N-linked 602:609 arg1 glycans 611:617 neutral N-linked glycans 594:617 neutral N-linked glycans ranging from Man3 GlcNAc2 -PA to Man9 GlcNAc2 -PA in length 594:677 HPLC and MS analyses revealed the presence of neutral N-linked glycans ranging from Man3 GlcNAc2 -PA to Man9 GlcNAc2 -PA in length. 28384382 3 2 theme glycan 531:536 arg1 linkages 538:545 certain glycan linkages 523:545 certain glycan linkages 523:545 Glycosidase digestion analyses were also performed to verify certain glycan linkages. 28384382 6 3 theme N-linked 905:912 arg1 glycan 914:919 the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan 862:919 the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili 862:938 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 6 3 theme N-linked 905:912 arg1 Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 1009:1031 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 945:1031 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) 945:1037 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 0 4 link N-linked 12:19 arg1 glycans 21:27 The neutral N-linked glycans 0:27 The neutral N-linked glycans of the ustilaginomycete yeast Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili. 0:88 The neutral N-linked glycans of the ustilaginomycete yeast Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili. 28384382 9 5 link N-linked 1799:1806 arg1 glycan 1808:1813 the neutral N-linked glycan 1787:1813 the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili 1787:1832 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 8 6 theme highest 1668:1674 arg1 peak 1676:1679 the highest peak 1664:1679 the highest peak 1664:1679 High mannose and possible hypermannosylated glycan peaks were detected in all method combinations in S. cerevisiae with the citrate buffer extraction-hydrazinolysis method giving the highest peak yields as compared with the other methods. 28384382 5 7 from structure 722:730 arg1 species 740:746 this species 735:746 this species 735:746 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 7 8 theme N-linked 1457:1464 arg1 structures 1473:1482 N-linked glycan structures 1457:1482 N-linked glycan structures 1457:1482 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 9 9 theme release 1929:1935 arg1 methods 1937:1943 glycan release methods 1922:1943 glycan release methods 1922:1943 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 9 10 gly glycoprotein 1886:1897 arg1 glycoprotein 1886:1897 glycoprotein extraction methods 1886:1916 glycoprotein extraction methods 1886:1916 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 9 11 theme S. 1818:1819 arg1 paphiopedili 1821:1832 S. paphiopedili 1818:1832 S. paphiopedili 1818:1832 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 6 12 theme third 877:881 arg1 glycan 914:919 the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan 862:919 the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili 862:938 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 6 12 theme third 877:881 arg1 Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 1009:1031 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 945:1031 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) 945:1037 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 7 13 link N-linked 1457:1464 arg1 structures 1473:1482 N-linked glycan structures 1457:1482 N-linked glycan structures 1457:1482 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 4 14 from -PA 665:667 arg1 length 672:677 length 672:677 length 672:677 HPLC and MS analyses revealed the presence of neutral N-linked glycans ranging from Man3 GlcNAc2 -PA to Man9 GlcNAc2 -PA in length. 28384382 4 15 theme Man9 652:655 arg1 -PA 665:667 Man9 GlcNAc2 -PA 652:667 Man9 GlcNAc2 -PA in length 652:677 HPLC and MS analyses revealed the presence of neutral N-linked glycans ranging from Man3 GlcNAc2 -PA to Man9 GlcNAc2 -PA in length. 28384382 2 16 theme N-linked 306:313 arg1 glycans 315:321 the neutral N-linked glycans 294:321 the neutral N-linked glycans of S. paphiopedili 294:340 In this study, the neutral N-linked glycans of S. paphiopedili were prepared and structurally analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). 28384382 9 17 theme glycan 1962:1967 arg1 analysis 1969:1976 the glycan analysis 1958:1976 the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae 1958:2013 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 1 18 from nectar 243:248 arg1 Japan 272:276 Japan 272:276 Japan 272:276 Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili is a basidiomycetous yeast under the subphylum Ustilaginomycotina and is a commensal organism originally isolated from the nectar of a plant species in Japan. 28384382 7 19 theme structures 1473:1482 arg1 under-representation 1433:1452 under-representation 1433:1452 under-representation of N-linked glycan structures 1433:1482 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 5 20 theme abundant 689:696 arg1 structure 722:730 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure 680:730 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species 680:746 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 5 20 theme abundant 689:696 arg1 Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 821:843 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 764:843 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A) 764:849 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 7 21 theme glycan 1335:1340 arg1 peaks 1342:1346 N-linked glycan peaks 1326:1346 N-linked glycan peaks 1326:1346 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 5 22 theme N-linked 706:713 arg1 structure 722:730 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure 680:730 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species 680:746 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 5 22 theme N-linked 706:713 arg1 Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 821:843 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 764:843 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A) 764:849 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 8 23 gly hypermannosylated 1511:1527 arg1 glycan 1529:1534 possible hypermannosylated glycan 1502:1534 possible hypermannosylated glycan 1502:1534 High mannose and possible hypermannosylated glycan peaks were detected in all method combinations in S. cerevisiae with the citrate buffer extraction-hydrazinolysis method giving the highest peak yields as compared with the other methods. 28384382 7 24 theme F 1293:1293 arg1 methods 1259:1265 methods 1259:1265 methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) 1259:1304 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 7 24 theme F 1293:1293 arg1 digestion 1295:1303 PNGase F digestion 1286:1303 PNGase F digestion 1286:1303 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 0 25 theme Sympodiomycopsis 59:74 arg1 paphiopedili 76:87 the ustilaginomycete yeast Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili 32:87 the ustilaginomycete yeast Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili 32:87 The neutral N-linked glycans of the ustilaginomycete yeast Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili. 28384382 7 26 theme glycoprotein 1146:1157 arg1 extraction 1194:1203 citrate buffer extraction 1179:1203 citrate buffer extraction 1179:1203 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 7 26 theme glycoprotein 1146:1157 arg1 extraction 1213:1222 bead extraction 1208:1222 bead extraction 1208:1222 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 7 26 theme glycoprotein 1146:1157 arg1 methods 1170:1176 glycoprotein extraction methods 1146:1176 glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) 1146:1223 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 9 27 theme analysis 1775:1782 arg1 account 1749:1755 the first account 1739:1755 the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae 1739:2013 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 8 28 theme mannose 1490:1496 arg1 peaks 1536:1540 High mannose and possible hypermannosylated glycan peaks 1485:1540 High mannose and possible hypermannosylated glycan peaks 1485:1540 High mannose and possible hypermannosylated glycan peaks were detected in all method combinations in S. cerevisiae with the citrate buffer extraction-hydrazinolysis method giving the highest peak yields as compared with the other methods. 28384382 7 29 theme bead 1208:1211 arg1 extraction 1213:1222 bead extraction 1208:1222 bead extraction 1208:1222 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 7 29 theme bead 1208:1211 arg1 methods 1170:1176 glycoprotein extraction methods 1146:1176 glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) 1146:1223 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 8 30 theme possible 1502:1509 arg1 glycan 1529:1534 possible hypermannosylated glycan 1502:1534 possible hypermannosylated glycan 1502:1534 High mannose and possible hypermannosylated glycan peaks were detected in all method combinations in S. cerevisiae with the citrate buffer extraction-hydrazinolysis method giving the highest peak yields as compared with the other methods. 28384382 7 31 dep methods 1259:1265 arg1 methods 1259:1265 methods 1259:1265 methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) 1259:1304 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 7 31 dep methods 1259:1265 arg1 digestion 1295:1303 PNGase F digestion 1286:1303 PNGase F digestion 1286:1303 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 7 31 dep methods 1259:1265 arg1 hydrazinolysis 1268:1281 hydrazinolysis 1268:1281 hydrazinolysis 1268:1281 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 9 32 theme N-linked 1799:1806 arg1 glycan 1808:1813 the neutral N-linked glycan 1787:1813 the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili 1787:1832 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 8 33 theme glycan 1529:1534 arg1 peaks 1536:1540 High mannose and possible hypermannosylated glycan peaks 1485:1540 High mannose and possible hypermannosylated glycan peaks 1485:1540 High mannose and possible hypermannosylated glycan peaks were detected in all method combinations in S. cerevisiae with the citrate buffer extraction-hydrazinolysis method giving the highest peak yields as compared with the other methods. 28384382 7 34 theme citrate 1179:1185 arg1 extraction 1194:1203 citrate buffer extraction 1179:1203 citrate buffer extraction 1179:1203 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 7 34 theme citrate 1179:1185 arg1 methods 1170:1176 glycoprotein extraction methods 1146:1176 glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) 1146:1223 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 1 35 theme Sympodiomycopsis 90:105 arg1 yeast 141:145 a basidiomycetous yeast 123:145 a basidiomycetous yeast 123:145 Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili is a basidiomycetous yeast under the subphylum Ustilaginomycotina and is a commensal organism originally isolated from the nectar of a plant species in Japan. 28384382 1 35 theme Sympodiomycopsis 90:105 arg1 paphiopedili 107:118 Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili 90:118 Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili 90:118 Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili is a basidiomycetous yeast under the subphylum Ustilaginomycotina and is a commensal organism originally isolated from the nectar of a plant species in Japan. 28384382 6 36 theme abundant 888:895 arg1 glycan 914:919 the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan 862:919 the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili 862:938 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 6 36 theme abundant 888:895 arg1 Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 1009:1031 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 945:1031 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) 945:1037 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 7 37 theme methods 1170:1176 arg1 combination 1131:1141 the combination 1127:1141 the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) 1127:1223 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 7 37 theme methods 1170:1176 arg1 release 1251:1257 the subsequent glycan release 1229:1257 the subsequent glycan release 1229:1257 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 9 38 theme paphiopedili 1821:1832 arg1 glycan 1808:1813 the neutral N-linked glycan 1787:1813 the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili 1787:1832 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 0 39 theme N-linked 12:19 arg1 glycans 21:27 The neutral N-linked glycans 0:27 The neutral N-linked glycans of the ustilaginomycete yeast Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili. 0:88 The neutral N-linked glycans of the ustilaginomycete yeast Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili. 28384382 1 40 theme basidiomycetous 125:139 arg1 yeast 141:145 a basidiomycetous yeast 123:145 a basidiomycetous yeast 123:145 Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili is a basidiomycetous yeast under the subphylum Ustilaginomycotina and is a commensal organism originally isolated from the nectar of a plant species in Japan. 28384382 1 40 theme basidiomycetous 125:139 arg1 paphiopedili 107:118 Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili 90:118 Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili 90:118 Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili is a basidiomycetous yeast under the subphylum Ustilaginomycotina and is a commensal organism originally isolated from the nectar of a plant species in Japan. 28384382 8 41 theme method 1563:1568 arg1 combinations 1570:1581 all method combinations 1559:1581 all method combinations 1559:1581 High mannose and possible hypermannosylated glycan peaks were detected in all method combinations in S. cerevisiae with the citrate buffer extraction-hydrazinolysis method giving the highest peak yields as compared with the other methods. 28384382 9 42 from analysis 1969:1976 arg1 paphiopedili 1984:1995 paphiopedili 1984:1995 paphiopedili 1984:1995 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 9 42 from analysis 1969:1976 arg1 cerevisiae 2004:2013 S. cerevisiae 2001:2013 S. cerevisiae 2001:2013 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 3 43 theme Glycosidase 462:472 arg1 analyses 484:491 Glycosidase digestion analyses 462:491 Glycosidase digestion analyses 462:491 Glycosidase digestion analyses were also performed to verify certain glycan linkages. 28384382 7 44 theme combination 1131:1141 arg1 effect 1117:1122 the effect 1113:1122 the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks 1113:1346 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 7 45 theme PNGase 1286:1291 arg1 methods 1259:1265 methods 1259:1265 methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) 1259:1304 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 7 45 theme PNGase 1286:1291 arg1 digestion 1295:1303 PNGase F digestion 1286:1303 PNGase F digestion 1286:1303 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 4 46 theme HPLC 548:551 arg1 analyses 560:567 HPLC and MS analyses 548:567 HPLC and MS analyses 548:567 HPLC and MS analyses revealed the presence of neutral N-linked glycans ranging from Man3 GlcNAc2 -PA to Man9 GlcNAc2 -PA in length. 28384382 0 47 theme ustilaginomycete 36:51 arg1 paphiopedili 76:87 the ustilaginomycete yeast Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili 32:87 the ustilaginomycete yeast Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili 32:87 The neutral N-linked glycans of the ustilaginomycete yeast Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili. 28384382 9 48 theme effect 1860:1865 arg1 analysis 1775:1782 the structural analysis 1760:1782 the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili 1760:1832 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 9 48 theme effect 1860:1865 arg1 comparison 1842:1851 the comparison 1838:1851 the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae 1838:2013 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 4 49 theme MS 557:558 arg1 analyses 560:567 HPLC and MS analyses 548:567 HPLC and MS analyses 548:567 HPLC and MS analyses revealed the presence of neutral N-linked glycans ranging from Man3 GlcNAc2 -PA to Man9 GlcNAc2 -PA in length. 28384382 4 50 link N-linked 602:609 arg1 glycans 611:617 neutral N-linked glycans 594:617 neutral N-linked glycans ranging from Man3 GlcNAc2 -PA to Man9 GlcNAc2 -PA in length 594:677 HPLC and MS analyses revealed the presence of neutral N-linked glycans ranging from Man3 GlcNAc2 -PA to Man9 GlcNAc2 -PA in length. 28384382 9 51 theme combinations 1870:1881 arg1 effect 1860:1865 the effect 1856:1865 the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae 1856:2013 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 6 52 from glycan 914:919 arg1 paphiopedili 927:938 paphiopedili 927:938 paphiopedili 927:938 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 7 53 gly glycoprotein 1146:1157 arg1 glycoprotein 1146:1157 glycoprotein extraction methods 1146:1176 glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) 1146:1223 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 2 54 theme high-performance 388:403 arg1 HPLC 428:431 HPLC 428:431 HPLC 428:431 In this study, the neutral N-linked glycans of S. paphiopedili were prepared and structurally analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). 28384382 2 54 theme high-performance 388:403 arg1 chromatography 412:425 high-performance liquid chromatography 388:425 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 388:432 In this study, the neutral N-linked glycans of S. paphiopedili were prepared and structurally analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). 28384382 1 55 theme species 261:267 arg1 nectar 243:248 the nectar 239:248 the nectar of a plant species in Japan 239:276 Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili is a basidiomycetous yeast under the subphylum Ustilaginomycotina and is a commensal organism originally isolated from the nectar of a plant species in Japan. 28384382 0 56 theme yeast 53:57 arg1 paphiopedili 76:87 the ustilaginomycete yeast Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili 32:87 the ustilaginomycete yeast Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili 32:87 The neutral N-linked glycans of the ustilaginomycete yeast Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili. 28384382 7 57 theme glycan 1244:1249 arg1 release 1251:1257 the subsequent glycan release 1229:1257 the subsequent glycan release 1229:1257 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 9 58 theme glycoprotein 1886:1897 arg1 methods 1910:1916 glycoprotein extraction methods 1886:1916 glycoprotein extraction methods 1886:1916 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 4 59 theme GlcNAc2 637:643 arg1 -PA 645:647 Man3 GlcNAc2 -PA 632:647 Man3 GlcNAc2 -PA 632:647 HPLC and MS analyses revealed the presence of neutral N-linked glycans ranging from Man3 GlcNAc2 -PA to Man9 GlcNAc2 -PA in length. 28384382 3 60 theme certain 523:529 arg1 linkages 538:545 certain glycan linkages 523:545 certain glycan linkages 523:545 Glycosidase digestion analyses were also performed to verify certain glycan linkages. 28384382 7 61 theme glycan 1466:1471 arg1 structures 1473:1482 N-linked glycan structures 1457:1482 N-linked glycan structures 1457:1482 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 9 62 theme methods 1910:1916 arg1 combinations 1870:1881 combinations 1870:1881 combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae 1870:2013 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 4 63 theme neutral 594:600 arg1 glycans 611:617 neutral N-linked glycans 594:617 neutral N-linked glycans ranging from Man3 GlcNAc2 -PA to Man9 GlcNAc2 -PA in length 594:677 HPLC and MS analyses revealed the presence of neutral N-linked glycans ranging from Man3 GlcNAc2 -PA to Man9 GlcNAc2 -PA in length. 28384382 7 64 theme other 1101:1105 arg1 hand 1107:1110 the other hand 1097:1110 the other hand 1097:1110 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 2 65 theme neutral 298:304 arg1 glycans 315:321 the neutral N-linked glycans 294:321 the neutral N-linked glycans of S. paphiopedili 294:340 In this study, the neutral N-linked glycans of S. paphiopedili were prepared and structurally analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). 28384382 8 66 theme other 1709:1713 arg1 methods 1715:1721 the other methods 1705:1721 the other methods 1705:1721 High mannose and possible hypermannosylated glycan peaks were detected in all method combinations in S. cerevisiae with the citrate buffer extraction-hydrazinolysis method giving the highest peak yields as compared with the other methods. 28384382 6 67 theme neutral 897:903 arg1 glycan 914:919 the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan 862:919 the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili 862:938 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 6 67 theme neutral 897:903 arg1 Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 1009:1031 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 945:1031 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) 945:1037 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 9 68 theme glycan 1922:1927 arg1 methods 1937:1943 glycan release methods 1922:1943 glycan release methods 1922:1943 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 4 69 theme glycans 611:617 arg1 presence 582:589 the presence 578:589 the presence of neutral N-linked glycans ranging from Man3 GlcNAc2 -PA to Man9 GlcNAc2 -PA in length 578:677 HPLC and MS analyses revealed the presence of neutral N-linked glycans ranging from Man3 GlcNAc2 -PA to Man9 GlcNAc2 -PA in length. 28384382 5 70 theme Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3 799:819 arg1 structure 722:730 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure 680:730 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species 680:746 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 5 70 theme Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3 799:819 arg1 M8A 846:848 M8A 846:848 M8A 846:848 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 5 70 theme Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3 799:819 arg1 Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 821:843 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 764:843 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A) 764:849 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 1 71 theme commensal 195:203 arg1 organism 205:212 a commensal organism 193:212 a commensal organism originally isolated from the nectar of a plant species in Japan 193:276 Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili is a basidiomycetous yeast under the subphylum Ustilaginomycotina and is a commensal organism originally isolated from the nectar of a plant species in Japan. 28384382 9 72 theme methods 1937:1943 arg1 combinations 1870:1881 combinations 1870:1881 combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae 1870:2013 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 6 73 theme Manα1-6 979:985 arg1 glycan 914:919 the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan 862:919 the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili 862:938 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 6 73 theme Manα1-6 979:985 arg1 Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 1009:1031 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 945:1031 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) 945:1037 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 6 73 theme Manα1-6 979:985 arg1 M9A 1034:1036 M9A 1034:1036 M9A 1034:1036 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 5 74 theme glycan 715:720 arg1 structure 722:730 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure 680:730 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species 680:746 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 5 74 theme glycan 715:720 arg1 Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 821:843 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 764:843 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A) 764:849 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 6 75 theme Manα1-2Manα1-3 964:977 arg1 glycan 914:919 the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan 862:919 the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili 862:938 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 6 75 theme Manα1-2Manα1-3 964:977 arg1 Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 1009:1031 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 945:1031 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) 945:1037 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 6 75 theme Manα1-2Manα1-3 964:977 arg1 M9A 1034:1036 M9A 1034:1036 M9A 1034:1036 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 10 76 dep & 2044:2044 arg1 Sons 2046:2049 Sons 2046:2049 Sons 2046:2049 Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 28384382 6 77 theme Manα1-2Manα1-6 949:962 arg1 glycan 914:919 the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan 862:919 the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili 862:938 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 6 77 theme Manα1-2Manα1-6 949:962 arg1 Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 1009:1031 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 945:1031 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) 945:1037 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 6 77 theme Manα1-2Manα1-6 949:962 arg1 M9A 1034:1036 M9A 1034:1036 M9A 1034:1036 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 4 78 theme GlcNAc2 657:663 arg1 -PA 665:667 Man9 GlcNAc2 -PA 652:667 Man9 GlcNAc2 -PA in length 652:677 HPLC and MS analyses revealed the presence of neutral N-linked glycans ranging from Man3 GlcNAc2 -PA to Man9 GlcNAc2 -PA in length. 28384382 2 79 link N-linked 306:313 arg1 glycans 315:321 the neutral N-linked glycans 294:321 the neutral N-linked glycans of S. paphiopedili 294:340 In this study, the neutral N-linked glycans of S. paphiopedili were prepared and structurally analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). 28384382 9 80 theme first 1743:1747 arg1 account 1749:1755 the first account 1739:1755 the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae 1739:2013 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 5 81 theme neutral 698:704 arg1 structure 722:730 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure 680:730 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species 680:746 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 5 81 theme neutral 698:704 arg1 Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 821:843 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 764:843 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A) 764:849 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 8 82 theme High 1485:1488 arg1 mannose 1490:1496 High mannose 1485:1496 High mannose 1485:1496 High mannose and possible hypermannosylated glycan peaks were detected in all method combinations in S. cerevisiae with the citrate buffer extraction-hydrazinolysis method giving the highest peak yields as compared with the other methods. 28384382 7 83 theme peaks 1342:1346 arg1 detection 1313:1321 the detection 1309:1321 the detection of N-linked glycan peaks 1309:1346 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 0 84 theme paphiopedili 76:87 arg1 glycans 21:27 The neutral N-linked glycans 0:27 The neutral N-linked glycans of the ustilaginomycete yeast Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili. 0:88 The neutral N-linked glycans of the ustilaginomycete yeast Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili. 28384382 9 85 theme structural 1764:1773 arg1 analysis 1775:1782 the structural analysis 1760:1782 the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili 1760:1832 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 7 86 from effect 1117:1122 arg1 detection 1313:1321 the detection 1309:1321 the detection of N-linked glycan peaks 1309:1346 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 7 87 theme N-linked 1326:1333 arg1 peaks 1342:1346 N-linked glycan peaks 1326:1346 N-linked glycan peaks 1326:1346 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 8 88 theme citrate 1609:1615 arg1 method 1650:1655 the citrate buffer extraction-hydrazinolysis method 1605:1655 the citrate buffer extraction-hydrazinolysis method giving the highest peak 1605:1679 High mannose and possible hypermannosylated glycan peaks were detected in all method combinations in S. cerevisiae with the citrate buffer extraction-hydrazinolysis method giving the highest peak yields as compared with the other methods. 28384382 5 89 theme Manα1-2Manα1-6 768:781 arg1 structure 722:730 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure 680:730 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species 680:746 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 5 89 theme Manα1-2Manα1-6 768:781 arg1 M8A 846:848 M8A 846:848 M8A 846:848 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 5 89 theme Manα1-2Manα1-6 768:781 arg1 Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 821:843 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 764:843 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A) 764:849 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 8 90 theme hypermannosylated 1511:1527 arg1 glycan 1529:1534 possible hypermannosylated glycan 1502:1534 possible hypermannosylated glycan 1502:1534 High mannose and possible hypermannosylated glycan peaks were detected in all method combinations in S. cerevisiae with the citrate buffer extraction-hydrazinolysis method giving the highest peak yields as compared with the other methods. 28384382 7 91 theme buffer 1187:1192 arg1 extraction 1194:1203 citrate buffer extraction 1179:1203 citrate buffer extraction 1179:1203 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 7 91 theme buffer 1187:1192 arg1 methods 1170:1176 glycoprotein extraction methods 1146:1176 glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) 1146:1223 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 6 92 theme Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3 987:1007 arg1 glycan 914:919 the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan 862:919 the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili 862:938 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 6 92 theme Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3 987:1007 arg1 Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 1009:1031 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 945:1031 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) 945:1037 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 6 92 theme Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3 987:1007 arg1 M9A 1034:1036 M9A 1034:1036 M9A 1034:1036 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 9 93 theme neutral 1791:1797 arg1 glycan 1808:1813 the neutral N-linked glycan 1787:1813 the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili 1787:1832 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 7 94 dep methods 1170:1176 arg1 extraction 1194:1203 citrate buffer extraction 1179:1203 citrate buffer extraction 1179:1203 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 7 94 dep methods 1170:1176 arg1 extraction 1213:1222 bead extraction 1208:1222 bead extraction 1208:1222 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 7 94 dep methods 1170:1176 arg1 methods 1170:1176 glycoprotein extraction methods 1146:1176 glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) 1146:1223 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 9 95 theme glycan 1808:1813 arg1 analysis 1775:1782 the structural analysis 1760:1782 the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili 1760:1832 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 9 95 theme glycan 1808:1813 arg1 comparison 1842:1851 the comparison 1838:1851 the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae 1838:2013 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 6 96 link N-linked 905:912 arg1 glycan 914:919 the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan 862:919 the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili 862:938 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 6 96 link N-linked 905:912 arg1 Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 1009:1031 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 945:1031 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) 945:1037 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 0 97 theme neutral 4:10 arg1 glycans 21:27 The neutral N-linked glycans 0:27 The neutral N-linked glycans of the ustilaginomycete yeast Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili. 0:88 The neutral N-linked glycans of the ustilaginomycete yeast Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili. 28384382 7 98 link N-linked 1326:1333 arg1 peaks 1342:1346 N-linked glycan peaks 1326:1346 N-linked glycan peaks 1326:1346 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 7 99 dep combination 1131:1141 arg1 methods 1259:1265 methods 1259:1265 methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) 1259:1304 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 7 99 dep combination 1131:1141 arg1 digestion 1295:1303 PNGase F digestion 1286:1303 PNGase F digestion 1286:1303 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 7 99 dep combination 1131:1141 arg1 hydrazinolysis 1268:1281 hydrazinolysis 1268:1281 hydrazinolysis 1268:1281 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 2 100 theme liquid 405:410 arg1 HPLC 428:431 HPLC 428:431 HPLC 428:431 In this study, the neutral N-linked glycans of S. paphiopedili were prepared and structurally analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). 28384382 2 100 theme liquid 405:410 arg1 chromatography 412:425 high-performance liquid chromatography 388:425 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 388:432 In this study, the neutral N-linked glycans of S. paphiopedili were prepared and structurally analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). 28384382 6 101 theme Manα1-3 1055:1061 arg1 Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 1063:1085 the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 1043:1085 the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B) 1043:1091 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 6 101 theme Manα1-3 1055:1061 arg1 M3B 1088:1090 M3B 1088:1090 M3B 1088:1090 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 2 102 theme mass 438:441 arg1 MS 457:458 MS 457:458 MS 457:458 In this study, the neutral N-linked glycans of S. paphiopedili were prepared and structurally analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). 28384382 2 102 theme mass 438:441 arg1 spectrometry 443:454 mass spectrometry 438:454 mass spectrometry (MS) 438:459 In this study, the neutral N-linked glycans of S. paphiopedili were prepared and structurally analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). 28384382 5 103 theme Manα1-3 783:789 arg1 structure 722:730 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure 680:730 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species 680:746 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 5 103 theme Manα1-3 783:789 arg1 M8A 846:848 M8A 846:848 M8A 846:848 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 5 103 theme Manα1-3 783:789 arg1 Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 821:843 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 764:843 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A) 764:849 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 6 104 theme second 866:871 arg1 glycan 914:919 the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan 862:919 the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili 862:938 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 6 104 theme second 866:871 arg1 Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 1009:1031 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 945:1031 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) 945:1037 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 8 105 located detected 1547:1554 arg2 peaks 1536:1540 High mannose and possible hypermannosylated glycan peaks 1485:1540 High mannose and possible hypermannosylated glycan peaks 1485:1540 High mannose and possible hypermannosylated glycan peaks were detected in all method combinations in S. cerevisiae with the citrate buffer extraction-hydrazinolysis method giving the highest peak yields as compared with the other methods. 28384382 8 105 located detected 1547:1554 arg1 combinations 1570:1581 all method combinations 1559:1581 all method combinations 1559:1581 High mannose and possible hypermannosylated glycan peaks were detected in all method combinations in S. cerevisiae with the citrate buffer extraction-hydrazinolysis method giving the highest peak yields as compared with the other methods. 28384382 8 105 located detected 1547:1554 arg1 cerevisiae 1589:1598 S. cerevisiae 1586:1598 S. cerevisiae 1586:1598 High mannose and possible hypermannosylated glycan peaks were detected in all method combinations in S. cerevisiae with the citrate buffer extraction-hydrazinolysis method giving the highest peak yields as compared with the other methods. 28384382 6 106 theme Manα1-6 1047:1053 arg1 Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 1063:1085 the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 1043:1085 the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B) 1043:1091 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 6 106 theme Manα1-6 1047:1053 arg1 M3B 1088:1090 M3B 1088:1090 M3B 1088:1090 Moreover, the second and third most abundant neutral N-linked glycan in S. paphiopedili were the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M9A) and the Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M3B). 28384382 9 107 theme comparison 1842:1851 arg1 account 1749:1755 the first account 1739:1755 the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae 1739:2013 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 1 108 attach isolated 225:232 arg1 nectar 243:248 the nectar 239:248 the nectar of a plant species in Japan 239:276 Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili is a basidiomycetous yeast under the subphylum Ustilaginomycotina and is a commensal organism originally isolated from the nectar of a plant species in Japan. 28384382 1 108 attach isolated 225:232 arg2 organism 205:212 a commensal organism 193:212 a commensal organism originally isolated from the nectar of a plant species in Japan 193:276 Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili is a basidiomycetous yeast under the subphylum Ustilaginomycotina and is a commensal organism originally isolated from the nectar of a plant species in Japan. 28384382 3 109 theme digestion 474:482 arg1 analyses 484:491 Glycosidase digestion analyses 462:491 Glycosidase digestion analyses 462:491 Glycosidase digestion analyses were also performed to verify certain glycan linkages. 28384382 5 110 theme Manα1-6 791:797 arg1 structure 722:730 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure 680:730 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species 680:746 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 5 110 theme Manα1-6 791:797 arg1 M8A 846:848 M8A 846:848 M8A 846:848 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 5 110 theme Manα1-6 791:797 arg1 Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 821:843 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 764:843 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A) 764:849 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 9 111 with methods 1937:1943 arg1 that 1950:1953 that 1950:1953 that 1950:1953 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 5 112 link N-linked 706:713 arg1 structure 722:730 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure 680:730 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species 680:746 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 5 112 link N-linked 706:713 arg1 Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 821:843 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc 764:843 the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A) 764:849 The most abundant neutral N-linked glycan structure in this species was found to be the Manα1-2Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (M8A). 28384382 7 113 theme release 1251:1257 arg1 effect 1117:1122 the effect 1113:1122 the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks 1113:1346 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 4 114 theme Man3 632:635 arg1 -PA 645:647 Man3 GlcNAc2 -PA 632:647 Man3 GlcNAc2 -PA 632:647 HPLC and MS analyses revealed the presence of neutral N-linked glycans ranging from Man3 GlcNAc2 -PA to Man9 GlcNAc2 -PA in length. 28384382 2 115 theme paphiopedili 329:340 arg1 glycans 315:321 the neutral N-linked glycans 294:321 the neutral N-linked glycans of S. paphiopedili 294:340 In this study, the neutral N-linked glycans of S. paphiopedili were prepared and structurally analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). 28384382 1 116 theme plant 255:259 arg1 species 261:267 a plant species 253:267 a plant species 253:267 Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili is a basidiomycetous yeast under the subphylum Ustilaginomycotina and is a commensal organism originally isolated from the nectar of a plant species in Japan. 28384382 7 117 theme subsequent 1233:1242 arg1 release 1251:1257 the subsequent glycan release 1229:1257 the subsequent glycan release 1229:1257 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 8 118 theme extraction-hydrazinolysis 1624:1648 arg1 method 1650:1655 the citrate buffer extraction-hydrazinolysis method 1605:1655 the citrate buffer extraction-hydrazinolysis method giving the highest peak 1605:1679 High mannose and possible hypermannosylated glycan peaks were detected in all method combinations in S. cerevisiae with the citrate buffer extraction-hydrazinolysis method giving the highest peak yields as compared with the other methods. 28384382 9 119 with methods 1910:1916 arg1 that 1950:1953 that 1950:1953 that 1950:1953 Here we report the first account of the structural analysis of the neutral N-linked glycan of S. paphiopedili and the comparison of the effect of combinations of glycoprotein extraction methods and glycan release methods with that of the glycan analysis in S. paphiopedili and S. cerevisiae. 28384382 8 120 theme buffer 1617:1622 arg1 method 1650:1655 the citrate buffer extraction-hydrazinolysis method 1605:1655 the citrate buffer extraction-hydrazinolysis method giving the highest peak 1605:1679 High mannose and possible hypermannosylated glycan peaks were detected in all method combinations in S. cerevisiae with the citrate buffer extraction-hydrazinolysis method giving the highest peak yields as compared with the other methods. 28384382 7 121 theme extraction 1159:1168 arg1 extraction 1194:1203 citrate buffer extraction 1179:1203 citrate buffer extraction 1179:1203 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 7 121 theme extraction 1159:1168 arg1 extraction 1213:1222 bead extraction 1208:1222 bead extraction 1208:1222 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 28384382 7 121 theme extraction 1159:1168 arg1 methods 1170:1176 glycoprotein extraction methods 1146:1176 glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) 1146:1223 On the other hand, the effect of the combination of glycoprotein extraction methods (citrate buffer extraction or bead extraction) and the subsequent glycan release methods (hydrazinolysis or PNGase F digestion) on the detection of N-linked glycan peaks was also examined for S. paphiopedili and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to avoid under-representation of N-linked glycan structures. 29224883 7 0 theme body 1141:1144 arg1 gain 1153:1156 body weight gain 1141:1156 body weight gain 1141:1156 Although DM intake was 1.2 kg/d greater on AS than RCS, milk yield and body weight gain were not different. 29224883 9 1 theme urea 1475:1478 arg1 unit 1391:1394 unit 1391:1394 unit of DM intake, milk lactose content, and apparent N efficiency and reduced milk urea 1391:1478 Relative to AS, feeding RCS increased milk and energy-corrected milk yield per unit of DM intake, milk lactose content, and apparent N efficiency and reduced milk urea. 29224883 19 2 theme N 2888:2888 arg1 retention 2890:2898 N retention 2888:2898 N retention 2888:2898 Apparent and estimated true N digestibility was substantially lower, and N retention was reduced, on RCS. 29224883 3 3 theme neutral 522:528 arg1 fiber 540:544 dietary neutral detergent fiber 514:544 dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) 514:550 Grass silage was fed at 13% of dry matter (DM) with AS to equalize dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein contents. 29224883 3 3 theme neutral 522:528 arg1 NDF 547:549 NDF 547:549 NDF 547:549 Grass silage was fed at 13% of dry matter (DM) with AS to equalize dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein contents. 29224883 11 4 theme Urinary 1658:1664 arg1 excretion 1668:1676 Urinary N excretion 1658:1676 Urinary N excretion 1658:1676 Urinary N excretion and ruminal concentrations of ammonia, total AA, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids were reduced on RCS, indicating reduced ruminal protein degradation. 29224883 6 5 theme period 918:923 arg1 d 908:908 the last 14 d 896:908 the last 14 d of each period 896:923 Production data (over the last 14 d of each period) and digestibility and excretion data (at the end of each period) were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). 29224883 8 6 theme protein 1264:1270 arg1 content 1243:1249 milk content 1238:1249 yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat 1187:1290 However, yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat were greater on AS. 29224883 8 6 theme protein 1264:1270 arg1 yields 1187:1192 yields 1187:1192 yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat 1187:1290 However, yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat were greater on AS. 29224883 6 7 theme period 983:988 arg1 end 971:973 the end 967:973 the end of each period 967:988 Production data (over the last 14 d of each period) and digestibility and excretion data (at the end of each period) were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). 29224883 23 8 theme protein 3327:3333 arg1 digestibility 3293:3305 impaired intestinal digestibility 3273:3305 impaired intestinal digestibility of rumen-undegraded protein from RCS 3273:3342 Depressed true N digestibility suggested impaired intestinal digestibility of rumen-undegraded protein from RCS. 29224883 1 9 theme red 234:236 arg1 RCS 253:255 RCS 253:255 RCS 253:255 Feeding trials were conducted with lactating cows and growing lambs to quantify effects of replacing dietary alfalfa silage (AS) with red clover silage (RCS) on nutrient utilization. 29224883 1 9 theme red 234:236 arg1 silage 245:250 red clover silage 234:250 red clover silage (RCS) 234:256 Feeding trials were conducted with lactating cows and growing lambs to quantify effects of replacing dietary alfalfa silage (AS) with red clover silage (RCS) on nutrient utilization. 29224883 4 10 theme crude 634:638 arg1 protein 640:646 crude protein 634:646 16% crude protein 630:646 All diets contained (DM basis) 5% corn silage and 16% crude protein. 29224883 17 11 theme ad 2580:2581 arg1 libitum 2583:2589 ad libitum 2580:2589 ad libitum 2580:2589 Intake of DM was not different when silages were fed ad libitum. 29224883 1 12 theme growing 154:160 arg1 lambs 162:166 growing lambs 154:166 growing lambs 154:166 Feeding trials were conducted with lactating cows and growing lambs to quantify effects of replacing dietary alfalfa silage (AS) with red clover silage (RCS) on nutrient utilization. 29224883 20 13 theme N 2991:2991 arg1 efficiency 2993:3002 N efficiency 2991:3002 N efficiency 2991:3002 Results confirmed greater DM and fiber digestibility in ruminants and N efficiency in cows fed RCS. 29224883 11 14 theme ruminal 1682:1688 arg1 concentrations 1690:1703 ruminal concentrations 1682:1703 ruminal concentrations of ammonia, total AA, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids 1682:1765 Urinary N excretion and ruminal concentrations of ammonia, total AA, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids were reduced on RCS, indicating reduced ruminal protein degradation. 29224883 11 15 theme protein 1815:1821 arg1 degradation 1823:1833 reduced ruminal protein degradation 1799:1833 reduced ruminal protein degradation 1799:1833 Urinary N excretion and ruminal concentrations of ammonia, total AA, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids were reduced on RCS, indicating reduced ruminal protein degradation. 29224883 10 16 theme NDF 1543:1545 arg1 digestibility 1506:1518 apparent digestibility 1497:1518 apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and acid detergent fiber 1497:1571 Relative to AS, apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and acid detergent fiber were greater on RCS, whereas apparent and estimated true N digestibility were lower. 29224883 15 17 theme Duplicated 2268:2277 arg1 trials 2290:2295 Duplicated metabolism trials 2268:2295 Duplicated metabolism trials 2268:2295 Duplicated metabolism trials were conducted with lambs confined to metabolism crates and fed only silage. 29224883 23 18 theme intestinal 3282:3291 arg1 digestibility 3293:3305 impaired intestinal digestibility 3273:3305 impaired intestinal digestibility of rumen-undegraded protein from RCS 3273:3342 Depressed true N digestibility suggested impaired intestinal digestibility of rumen-undegraded protein from RCS. 29224883 5 19 from rations 800:806 arg1 trial 844:848 an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial 811:848 an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial 811:848 Thirty-two multiparous (4 ruminally cannulated) plus 16 primiparous Holstein cows were blocked by parity and days in milk and fed diets as total mixed rations in an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial with four 28-d periods. 29224883 3 20 theme protein 562:568 arg1 contents 570:577 crude protein contents 556:577 crude protein contents 556:577 Grass silage was fed at 13% of dry matter (DM) with AS to equalize dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein contents. 29224883 18 21 theme organic 2622:2628 arg1 matter 2630:2635 organic matter 2622:2635 organic matter 2622:2635 Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and hemicellulose was greater in lambs fed RCS on both ad libitum and restricted intake; however, acid detergent fiber digestibility was only greater at restricted intake. 29224883 1 22 theme Feeding 100:106 arg1 trials 108:113 Feeding trials 100:113 Feeding trials 100:113 Feeding trials were conducted with lactating cows and growing lambs to quantify effects of replacing dietary alfalfa silage (AS) with red clover silage (RCS) on nutrient utilization. 29224883 22 23 theme nutrient 3211:3218 arg1 efficiency 3220:3229 nutrient efficiency 3211:3229 nutrient efficiency 3211:3229 Based on milk composition, Met was the first-limiting AA on both silages; however, Met was not limiting based on production and nutrient efficiency. 29224883 10 24 theme detergent 1557:1565 arg1 fiber 1567:1571 acid detergent fiber 1552:1571 acid detergent fiber 1552:1571 Relative to AS, apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and acid detergent fiber were greater on RCS, whereas apparent and estimated true N digestibility were lower. 29224883 15 25 theme fed 2357:2359 arg1 silage 2366:2371 fed only silage 2357:2371 fed only silage 2357:2371 Duplicated metabolism trials were conducted with lambs confined to metabolism crates and fed only silage. 29224883 5 26 theme square 837:842 arg1 trial 844:848 an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial 811:848 an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial 811:848 Thirty-two multiparous (4 ruminally cannulated) plus 16 primiparous Holstein cows were blocked by parity and days in milk and fed diets as total mixed rations in an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial with four 28-d periods. 29224883 18 27 theme DM 2618:2619 arg1 digestibility 2601:2613 Apparent digestibility 2592:2613 Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and hemicellulose 2592:2659 Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and hemicellulose was greater in lambs fed RCS on both ad libitum and restricted intake; however, acid detergent fiber digestibility was only greater at restricted intake. 29224883 14 28 theme significant 2140:2150 arg1 interaction 2165:2175 a significant silage × RPL interaction 2138:2175 a significant silage × RPL interaction 2138:2175 Supplementation of RPL did not influence any production trait; however, a significant silage × RPL interaction was detected for intake: RPL reduced intake of AS diets but increased intake of RCS diets. 29224883 9 29 theme feeding 1328:1334 arg1 RCS 1336:1338 feeding RCS 1328:1338 feeding RCS 1328:1338 Relative to AS, feeding RCS increased milk and energy-corrected milk yield per unit of DM intake, milk lactose content, and apparent N efficiency and reduced milk urea. 29224883 6 30 theme MIXED 1015:1019 arg1 procedure 1021:1029 the MIXED procedure 1011:1029 the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) 1011:1067 Production data (over the last 14 d of each period) and digestibility and excretion data (at the end of each period) were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). 29224883 5 31 theme primiparous 705:715 arg1 cows 726:729 16 primiparous Holstein cows 702:729 16 primiparous Holstein cows 702:729 Thirty-two multiparous (4 ruminally cannulated) plus 16 primiparous Holstein cows were blocked by parity and days in milk and fed diets as total mixed rations in an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial with four 28-d periods. 29224883 18 32 theme acid 2741:2744 arg1 digestibility 2762:2774 acid detergent fiber digestibility 2741:2774 acid detergent fiber digestibility 2741:2774 Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and hemicellulose was greater in lambs fed RCS on both ad libitum and restricted intake; however, acid detergent fiber digestibility was only greater at restricted intake. 29224883 22 33 dep limiting 3178:3185 arg1 based 3187:3191 based 3187:3191 was not limiting based on production and nutrient efficiency 3170:3229 Based on milk composition, Met was the first-limiting AA on both silages; however, Met was not limiting based on production and nutrient efficiency. 29224883 16 34 theme silage 2407:2412 arg1 refusals 2414:2421 silage refusals 2407:2421 silage refusals 2407:2421 After adaptation, collections of silage refusals and excreta were made during ad libitum feeding followed by feeding DM restricted to 2% of body weight. 29224883 3 35 theme matter 482:487 arg1 DM 490:491 DM 490:491 DM 490:491 Grass silage was fed at 13% of dry matter (DM) with AS to equalize dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein contents. 29224883 3 35 theme matter 482:487 arg1 % 473:473 13% 471:473 13% of dry matter (DM) 471:492 Grass silage was fed at 13% of dry matter (DM) with AS to equalize dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein contents. 29224883 3 35 theme matter 482:487 arg1 matter 482:487 dry matter 478:487 dry matter (DM) 478:492 Grass silage was fed at 13% of dry matter (DM) with AS to equalize dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein contents. 29224883 2 36 theme rumen-protected 403:417 arg1 RPL 424:426 RPL 424:426 RPL 424:426 The lactation trial had a 2 × 4 arrangement of treatments: AS or RCS fed with no supplement, rumen-protected Met (RPM), rumen-protected Lys (RPL), or RPM plus RPL. 29224883 2 36 theme rumen-protected 403:417 arg1 Lys 419:421 rumen-protected Lys 403:421 rumen-protected Lys (RPL) 403:427 The lactation trial had a 2 × 4 arrangement of treatments: AS or RCS fed with no supplement, rumen-protected Met (RPM), rumen-protected Lys (RPL), or RPM plus RPL. 29224883 12 37 theme milk 1877:1880 arg1 intake 1869:1874 intake 1869:1874 intake 1869:1874 Supplementation of RPM increased intake, milk true protein, and solids-not-fat content and tended to increase milk fat content. 29224883 12 37 theme milk 1877:1880 arg1 protein 1887:1893 milk true protein 1877:1893 milk true protein 1877:1893 Supplementation of RPM increased intake, milk true protein, and solids-not-fat content and tended to increase milk fat content. 29224883 18 38 from RCS 2686:2688 arg1 libitum 2701:2707 ad libitum 2698:2707 ad libitum 2698:2707 Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and hemicellulose was greater in lambs fed RCS on both ad libitum and restricted intake; however, acid detergent fiber digestibility was only greater at restricted intake. 29224883 18 38 from RCS 2686:2688 arg1 intake 2724:2729 restricted intake 2713:2729 restricted intake 2713:2729 Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and hemicellulose was greater in lambs fed RCS on both ad libitum and restricted intake; however, acid detergent fiber digestibility was only greater at restricted intake. 29224883 4 39 dep % 632:632 arg1 protein 640:646 crude protein 634:646 16% crude protein 630:646 All diets contained (DM basis) 5% corn silage and 16% crude protein. 29224883 14 40 theme production 2111:2120 arg1 trait 2122:2126 any production trait 2107:2126 any production trait 2107:2126 Supplementation of RPL did not influence any production trait; however, a significant silage × RPL interaction was detected for intake: RPL reduced intake of AS diets but increased intake of RCS diets. 29224883 9 41 theme milk 1376:1379 arg1 yield 1381:1385 milk and energy-corrected milk yield 1350:1385 yield 1381:1385 Relative to AS, feeding RCS increased milk and energy-corrected milk yield per unit of DM intake, milk lactose content, and apparent N efficiency and reduced milk urea. 29224883 23 42 from RCS 3340:3342 arg1 digestibility 3293:3305 impaired intestinal digestibility 3273:3305 impaired intestinal digestibility of rumen-undegraded protein from RCS 3273:3342 Depressed true N digestibility suggested impaired intestinal digestibility of rumen-undegraded protein from RCS. 29224883 23 42 from RCS 3340:3342 arg1 protein 3327:3333 rumen-undegraded protein 3310:3333 rumen-undegraded protein from RCS 3310:3342 Depressed true N digestibility suggested impaired intestinal digestibility of rumen-undegraded protein from RCS. 29224883 16 43 theme weight 2519:2524 arg1 weight 2519:2524 body weight 2514:2524 body weight 2514:2524 After adaptation, collections of silage refusals and excreta were made during ad libitum feeding followed by feeding DM restricted to 2% of body weight. 29224883 16 43 theme weight 2519:2524 arg1 % 2509:2509 2% 2508:2509 2% of body weight 2508:2524 After adaptation, collections of silage refusals and excreta were made during ad libitum feeding followed by feeding DM restricted to 2% of body weight. 29224883 0 44 from Utilization 0:10 arg1 clover 30:35 red clover 26:35 red clover 26:35 Utilization of protein in red clover and alfalfa silages by lactating dairy cows and growing lambs. 29224883 0 44 from Utilization 0:10 arg1 alfalfa 41:47 alfalfa 41:47 alfalfa 41:47 Utilization of protein in red clover and alfalfa silages by lactating dairy cows and growing lambs. 29224883 23 45 theme N 3247:3247 arg1 digestibility 3249:3261 Depressed true N digestibility 3232:3261 Depressed true N digestibility 3232:3261 Depressed true N digestibility suggested impaired intestinal digestibility of rumen-undegraded protein from RCS. 29224883 2 46 contain had 303:305 arg1 trial 297:301 The lactation trial 283:301 The lactation trial 283:301 The lactation trial had a 2 × 4 arrangement of treatments: AS or RCS fed with no supplement, rumen-protected Met (RPM), rumen-protected Lys (RPL), or RPM plus RPL. 29224883 2 46 contain had 303:305 arg2 arrangement 315:325 a 2 × 4 arrangement 307:325 a 2 × 4 arrangement of treatments: AS or RCS fed with no supplement, rumen-protected Met (RPM), rumen-protected Lys (RPL), or RPM plus RPL 307:444 The lactation trial had a 2 × 4 arrangement of treatments: AS or RCS fed with no supplement, rumen-protected Met (RPM), rumen-protected Lys (RPL), or RPM plus RPL. 29224883 13 47 theme × 1985:1985 arg1 interactions 1991:2002 no silage × RPM interactions 1975:2002 no silage × RPM interactions 1975:2002 There were no silage × RPM interactions, suggesting that RPM was equally limiting on both AS and RCS. 29224883 23 48 theme Depressed 3232:3240 arg1 digestibility 3249:3261 Depressed true N digestibility 3232:3261 Depressed true N digestibility 3232:3261 Depressed true N digestibility suggested impaired intestinal digestibility of rumen-undegraded protein from RCS. 29224883 4 49 theme DM 601:602 arg1 basis 604:608 DM basis 601:608 DM basis 601:608 All diets contained (DM basis) 5% corn silage and 16% crude protein. 29224883 2 50 theme treatments 330:339 arg1 arrangement 315:325 a 2 × 4 arrangement 307:325 a 2 × 4 arrangement of treatments: AS or RCS fed with no supplement, rumen-protected Met (RPM), rumen-protected Lys (RPL), or RPM plus RPL 307:444 The lactation trial had a 2 × 4 arrangement of treatments: AS or RCS fed with no supplement, rumen-protected Met (RPM), rumen-protected Lys (RPL), or RPM plus RPL. 29224883 0 51 theme growing 85:91 arg1 lambs 93:97 growing lambs 85:97 growing lambs 85:97 Utilization of protein in red clover and alfalfa silages by lactating dairy cows and growing lambs. 29224883 5 52 theme 28-d 860:863 arg1 periods 865:871 four 28-d periods 855:871 four 28-d periods 855:871 Thirty-two multiparous (4 ruminally cannulated) plus 16 primiparous Holstein cows were blocked by parity and days in milk and fed diets as total mixed rations in an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial with four 28-d periods. 29224883 11 53 theme volatile 1746:1753 arg1 acids 1761:1765 branched-chain volatile fatty acids 1731:1765 branched-chain volatile fatty acids 1731:1765 Urinary N excretion and ruminal concentrations of ammonia, total AA, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids were reduced on RCS, indicating reduced ruminal protein degradation. 29224883 14 54 theme RCS 2257:2259 arg1 diets 2261:2265 RCS diets 2257:2265 RCS diets 2257:2265 Supplementation of RPL did not influence any production trait; however, a significant silage × RPL interaction was detected for intake: RPL reduced intake of AS diets but increased intake of RCS diets. 29224883 9 55 theme intake 1402:1407 arg1 unit 1391:1394 unit 1391:1394 unit of DM intake, milk lactose content, and apparent N efficiency and reduced milk urea 1391:1478 Relative to AS, feeding RCS increased milk and energy-corrected milk yield per unit of DM intake, milk lactose content, and apparent N efficiency and reduced milk urea. 29224883 10 56 theme DM 1523:1524 arg1 digestibility 1506:1518 apparent digestibility 1497:1518 apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and acid detergent fiber 1497:1571 Relative to AS, apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and acid detergent fiber were greater on RCS, whereas apparent and estimated true N digestibility were lower. 29224883 1 57 theme clover 238:243 arg1 RCS 253:255 RCS 253:255 RCS 253:255 Feeding trials were conducted with lactating cows and growing lambs to quantify effects of replacing dietary alfalfa silage (AS) with red clover silage (RCS) on nutrient utilization. 29224883 1 57 theme clover 238:243 arg1 silage 245:250 red clover silage 234:250 red clover silage (RCS) 234:256 Feeding trials were conducted with lactating cows and growing lambs to quantify effects of replacing dietary alfalfa silage (AS) with red clover silage (RCS) on nutrient utilization. 29224883 16 58 theme ad 2452:2453 arg1 feeding 2463:2469 ad libitum feeding 2452:2469 ad libitum feeding followed by feeding DM restricted to 2% of body weight 2452:2524 After adaptation, collections of silage refusals and excreta were made during ad libitum feeding followed by feeding DM restricted to 2% of body weight. 29224883 9 59 theme milk 1410:1413 arg1 content 1423:1429 milk lactose content 1410:1429 milk lactose content 1410:1429 Relative to AS, feeding RCS increased milk and energy-corrected milk yield per unit of DM intake, milk lactose content, and apparent N efficiency and reduced milk urea. 29224883 18 60 theme fiber 2756:2760 arg1 digestibility 2762:2774 acid detergent fiber digestibility 2741:2774 acid detergent fiber digestibility 2741:2774 Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and hemicellulose was greater in lambs fed RCS on both ad libitum and restricted intake; however, acid detergent fiber digestibility was only greater at restricted intake. 29224883 0 61 theme protein 15:21 arg1 Utilization 0:10 Utilization 0:10 Utilization of protein in red clover and alfalfa 0:47 Utilization of protein in red clover and alfalfa silages by lactating dairy cows and growing lambs. 29224883 14 62 theme RPL 2085:2087 arg1 Supplementation 2066:2080 Supplementation 2066:2080 Supplementation of RPL 2066:2087 Supplementation of RPL did not influence any production trait; however, a significant silage × RPL interaction was detected for intake: RPL reduced intake of AS diets but increased intake of RCS diets. 29224883 21 63 from loss 3030:3033 arg1 RCS 3061:3063 RCS 3061:3063 RCS 3061:3063 Specific loss of Lys bioavailability on RCS was not observed. 29224883 22 64 from AA 3137:3138 arg1 silages 3148:3154 both silages 3143:3154 both silages 3143:3154 Based on milk composition, Met was the first-limiting AA on both silages; however, Met was not limiting based on production and nutrient efficiency. 29224883 9 65 theme content 1423:1429 arg1 unit 1391:1394 unit 1391:1394 unit of DM intake, milk lactose content, and apparent N efficiency and reduced milk urea 1391:1478 Relative to AS, feeding RCS increased milk and energy-corrected milk yield per unit of DM intake, milk lactose content, and apparent N efficiency and reduced milk urea. 29224883 8 66 theme fat 1197:1199 arg1 content 1243:1249 milk content 1238:1249 yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat 1187:1290 However, yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat were greater on AS. 29224883 8 66 theme fat 1197:1199 arg1 yields 1187:1192 yields 1187:1192 yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat 1187:1290 However, yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat were greater on AS. 29224883 19 67 theme true 2838:2841 arg1 digestibility 2845:2857 estimated true N digestibility 2828:2857 estimated true N digestibility 2828:2857 Apparent and estimated true N digestibility was substantially lower, and N retention was reduced, on RCS. 29224883 21 68 theme Lys 3038:3040 arg1 bioavailability 3042:3056 Lys bioavailability 3038:3056 Lys bioavailability 3038:3056 Specific loss of Lys bioavailability on RCS was not observed. 29224883 0 69 theme red 26:28 arg1 clover 30:35 red clover 26:35 red clover 26:35 Utilization of protein in red clover and alfalfa silages by lactating dairy cows and growing lambs. 29224883 11 70 theme fatty 1755:1759 arg1 acids 1761:1765 branched-chain volatile fatty acids 1731:1765 branched-chain volatile fatty acids 1731:1765 Urinary N excretion and ruminal concentrations of ammonia, total AA, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids were reduced on RCS, indicating reduced ruminal protein degradation. 29224883 5 71 theme mixed 794:798 arg1 rations 800:806 total mixed rations 788:806 total mixed rations in an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial 788:848 Thirty-two multiparous (4 ruminally cannulated) plus 16 primiparous Holstein cows were blocked by parity and days in milk and fed diets as total mixed rations in an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial with four 28-d periods. 29224883 14 72 theme AS 2224:2225 arg1 diets 2227:2231 AS diets 2224:2231 AS diets 2224:2231 Supplementation of RPL did not influence any production trait; however, a significant silage × RPL interaction was detected for intake: RPL reduced intake of AS diets but increased intake of RCS diets. 29224883 2 73 theme rumen-protected 376:390 arg1 RPM 397:399 RPM 397:399 RPM 397:399 The lactation trial had a 2 × 4 arrangement of treatments: AS or RCS fed with no supplement, rumen-protected Met (RPM), rumen-protected Lys (RPL), or RPM plus RPL. 29224883 2 73 theme rumen-protected 376:390 arg1 Met 392:394 rumen-protected Met 376:394 rumen-protected Met (RPM) 376:400 The lactation trial had a 2 × 4 arrangement of treatments: AS or RCS fed with no supplement, rumen-protected Met (RPM), rumen-protected Lys (RPL), or RPM plus RPL. 29224883 8 74 theme energy-corrected 1205:1220 arg1 milk 1222:1225 energy-corrected milk 1205:1225 energy-corrected milk 1205:1225 However, yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat were greater on AS. 29224883 1 75 theme nutrient 261:268 arg1 utilization 270:280 nutrient utilization 261:280 nutrient utilization 261:280 Feeding trials were conducted with lactating cows and growing lambs to quantify effects of replacing dietary alfalfa silage (AS) with red clover silage (RCS) on nutrient utilization. 29224883 9 76 theme N 1445:1445 arg1 efficiency 1447:1456 apparent N efficiency 1436:1456 apparent N efficiency 1436:1456 Relative to AS, feeding RCS increased milk and energy-corrected milk yield per unit of DM intake, milk lactose content, and apparent N efficiency and reduced milk urea. 29224883 3 77 theme dietary 514:520 arg1 fiber 540:544 dietary neutral detergent fiber 514:544 dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) 514:550 Grass silage was fed at 13% of dry matter (DM) with AS to equalize dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein contents. 29224883 3 77 theme dietary 514:520 arg1 NDF 547:549 NDF 547:549 NDF 547:549 Grass silage was fed at 13% of dry matter (DM) with AS to equalize dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein contents. 29224883 5 78 from parity 747:752 arg1 milk 766:769 milk 766:769 milk 766:769 Thirty-two multiparous (4 ruminally cannulated) plus 16 primiparous Holstein cows were blocked by parity and days in milk and fed diets as total mixed rations in an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial with four 28-d periods. 29224883 1 79 theme dietary 201:207 arg1 silage 217:222 dietary alfalfa silage 201:222 dietary alfalfa silage (AS) 201:227 Feeding trials were conducted with lactating cows and growing lambs to quantify effects of replacing dietary alfalfa silage (AS) with red clover silage (RCS) on nutrient utilization. 29224883 7 80 theme weight 1146:1151 arg1 gain 1153:1156 body weight gain 1141:1156 body weight gain 1141:1156 Although DM intake was 1.2 kg/d greater on AS than RCS, milk yield and body weight gain were not different. 29224883 10 81 theme estimated 1615:1623 arg1 digestibility 1632:1644 estimated true N digestibility 1615:1644 estimated true N digestibility 1615:1644 Relative to AS, apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and acid detergent fiber were greater on RCS, whereas apparent and estimated true N digestibility were lower. 29224883 2 82 theme × 311:311 arg1 arrangement 315:325 a 2 × 4 arrangement 307:325 a 2 × 4 arrangement of treatments: AS or RCS fed with no supplement, rumen-protected Met (RPM), rumen-protected Lys (RPL), or RPM plus RPL 307:444 The lactation trial had a 2 × 4 arrangement of treatments: AS or RCS fed with no supplement, rumen-protected Met (RPM), rumen-protected Lys (RPL), or RPM plus RPL. 29224883 8 83 theme solids-not-fat 1277:1290 arg1 content 1243:1249 milk content 1238:1249 yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat 1187:1290 However, yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat were greater on AS. 29224883 8 83 theme solids-not-fat 1277:1290 arg1 yields 1187:1192 yields 1187:1192 yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat 1187:1290 However, yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat were greater on AS. 29224883 18 84 theme hemicellulose 2647:2659 arg1 digestibility 2601:2613 Apparent digestibility 2592:2613 Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and hemicellulose 2592:2659 Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and hemicellulose was greater in lambs fed RCS on both ad libitum and restricted intake; however, acid detergent fiber digestibility was only greater at restricted intake. 29224883 9 85 theme milk 1470:1473 arg1 urea 1475:1478 reduced milk urea 1462:1478 reduced milk urea 1462:1478 Relative to AS, feeding RCS increased milk and energy-corrected milk yield per unit of DM intake, milk lactose content, and apparent N efficiency and reduced milk urea. 29224883 12 86 theme fat 1951:1953 arg1 content 1955:1961 milk fat content 1946:1961 milk fat content 1946:1961 Supplementation of RPM increased intake, milk true protein, and solids-not-fat content and tended to increase milk fat content. 29224883 11 87 theme acids 1761:1765 arg1 excretion 1668:1676 Urinary N excretion 1658:1676 Urinary N excretion 1658:1676 Urinary N excretion and ruminal concentrations of ammonia, total AA, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids were reduced on RCS, indicating reduced ruminal protein degradation. 29224883 11 87 theme acids 1761:1765 arg1 concentrations 1690:1703 ruminal concentrations 1682:1703 ruminal concentrations of ammonia, total AA, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids 1682:1765 Urinary N excretion and ruminal concentrations of ammonia, total AA, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids were reduced on RCS, indicating reduced ruminal protein degradation. 29224883 16 88 theme excreta 2427:2433 arg1 collections 2392:2402 collections 2392:2402 collections of silage refusals and excreta 2392:2433 After adaptation, collections of silage refusals and excreta were made during ad libitum feeding followed by feeding DM restricted to 2% of body weight. 29224883 6 89 from end 971:973 arg1 data 958:961 digestibility and excretion data 930:961 digestibility and excretion data (at the end of each period) 930:989 Production data (over the last 14 d of each period) and digestibility and excretion data (at the end of each period) were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). 29224883 6 89 from end 971:973 arg1 data 885:888 Production data 874:888 Production data (over the last 14 d of each period) 874:924 Production data (over the last 14 d of each period) and digestibility and excretion data (at the end of each period) were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). 29224883 7 90 theme milk 1126:1129 arg1 yield 1131:1135 milk yield 1126:1135 milk yield 1126:1135 Although DM intake was 1.2 kg/d greater on AS than RCS, milk yield and body weight gain were not different. 29224883 18 91 theme restricted 2796:2805 arg1 intake 2807:2812 restricted intake 2796:2812 restricted intake 2796:2812 Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and hemicellulose was greater in lambs fed RCS on both ad libitum and restricted intake; however, acid detergent fiber digestibility was only greater at restricted intake. 29224883 8 92 theme fat 1254:1256 arg1 content 1243:1249 milk content 1238:1249 yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat 1187:1290 However, yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat were greater on AS. 29224883 8 92 theme fat 1254:1256 arg1 yields 1187:1192 yields 1187:1192 yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat 1187:1290 However, yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat were greater on AS. 29224883 3 93 theme detergent 530:538 arg1 fiber 540:544 dietary neutral detergent fiber 514:544 dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) 514:550 Grass silage was fed at 13% of dry matter (DM) with AS to equalize dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein contents. 29224883 3 93 theme detergent 530:538 arg1 NDF 547:549 NDF 547:549 NDF 547:549 Grass silage was fed at 13% of dry matter (DM) with AS to equalize dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein contents. 29224883 5 94 from days 758:761 arg1 milk 766:769 milk 766:769 milk 766:769 Thirty-two multiparous (4 ruminally cannulated) plus 16 primiparous Holstein cows were blocked by parity and days in milk and fed diets as total mixed rations in an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial with four 28-d periods. 29224883 11 95 theme N 1666:1666 arg1 excretion 1668:1676 Urinary N excretion 1658:1676 Urinary N excretion 1658:1676 Urinary N excretion and ruminal concentrations of ammonia, total AA, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids were reduced on RCS, indicating reduced ruminal protein degradation. 29224883 4 96 dep contained 590:598 arg1 basis 604:608 DM basis 601:608 DM basis 601:608 All diets contained (DM basis) 5% corn silage and 16% crude protein. 29224883 8 97 theme true 1259:1262 arg1 protein 1264:1270 true protein 1259:1270 true protein 1259:1270 However, yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat were greater on AS. 29224883 3 98 theme crude 556:560 arg1 contents 570:577 crude protein contents 556:577 crude protein contents 556:577 Grass silage was fed at 13% of dry matter (DM) with AS to equalize dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein contents. 29224883 15 99 theme metabolism 2279:2288 arg1 trials 2290:2295 Duplicated metabolism trials 2268:2295 Duplicated metabolism trials 2268:2295 Duplicated metabolism trials were conducted with lambs confined to metabolism crates and fed only silage. 29224883 4 100 dep % 612:612 arg1 silage 619:624 corn silage 614:624 5% corn silage 611:624 All diets contained (DM basis) 5% corn silage and 16% crude protein. 29224883 11 101 theme branched-chain 1731:1744 arg1 acids 1761:1765 branched-chain volatile fatty acids 1731:1765 branched-chain volatile fatty acids 1731:1765 Urinary N excretion and ruminal concentrations of ammonia, total AA, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids were reduced on RCS, indicating reduced ruminal protein degradation. 29224883 11 102 theme ammonia 1708:1714 arg1 excretion 1668:1676 Urinary N excretion 1658:1676 Urinary N excretion 1658:1676 Urinary N excretion and ruminal concentrations of ammonia, total AA, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids were reduced on RCS, indicating reduced ruminal protein degradation. 29224883 11 102 theme ammonia 1708:1714 arg1 concentrations 1690:1703 ruminal concentrations 1682:1703 ruminal concentrations of ammonia, total AA, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids 1682:1765 Urinary N excretion and ruminal concentrations of ammonia, total AA, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids were reduced on RCS, indicating reduced ruminal protein degradation. 29224883 11 103 theme ruminal 1807:1813 arg1 degradation 1823:1833 reduced ruminal protein degradation 1799:1833 reduced ruminal protein degradation 1799:1833 Urinary N excretion and ruminal concentrations of ammonia, total AA, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids were reduced on RCS, indicating reduced ruminal protein degradation. 29224883 23 104 theme rumen-undegraded 3310:3325 arg1 protein 3327:3333 rumen-undegraded protein 3310:3333 rumen-undegraded protein from RCS 3310:3342 Depressed true N digestibility suggested impaired intestinal digestibility of rumen-undegraded protein from RCS. 29224883 3 105 theme Grass 447:451 arg1 silage 453:458 Grass silage 447:458 Grass silage 447:458 Grass silage was fed at 13% of dry matter (DM) with AS to equalize dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein contents. 29224883 18 106 theme Apparent 2592:2599 arg1 digestibility 2601:2613 Apparent digestibility 2592:2613 Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and hemicellulose 2592:2659 Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and hemicellulose was greater in lambs fed RCS on both ad libitum and restricted intake; however, acid detergent fiber digestibility was only greater at restricted intake. 29224883 16 107 theme libitum 2455:2461 arg1 feeding 2463:2469 ad libitum feeding 2452:2469 ad libitum feeding followed by feeding DM restricted to 2% of body weight 2452:2524 After adaptation, collections of silage refusals and excreta were made during ad libitum feeding followed by feeding DM restricted to 2% of body weight. 29224883 6 108 theme last 900:903 arg1 d 908:908 the last 14 d 896:908 the last 14 d of each period 896:923 Production data (over the last 14 d of each period) and digestibility and excretion data (at the end of each period) were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). 29224883 15 109 theme only 2361:2364 arg1 silage 2366:2371 fed only silage 2357:2371 fed only silage 2357:2371 Duplicated metabolism trials were conducted with lambs confined to metabolism crates and fed only silage. 29224883 17 110 theme DM 2537:2538 arg1 Intake 2527:2532 Intake 2527:2532 Intake of DM 2527:2538 Intake of DM was not different when silages were fed ad libitum. 29224883 18 111 theme matter 2630:2635 arg1 digestibility 2601:2613 Apparent digestibility 2592:2613 Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and hemicellulose 2592:2659 Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and hemicellulose was greater in lambs fed RCS on both ad libitum and restricted intake; however, acid detergent fiber digestibility was only greater at restricted intake. 29224883 14 112 theme RPL 2161:2163 arg1 interaction 2165:2175 a significant silage × RPL interaction 2138:2175 a significant silage × RPL interaction 2138:2175 Supplementation of RPL did not influence any production trait; however, a significant silage × RPL interaction was detected for intake: RPL reduced intake of AS diets but increased intake of RCS diets. 29224883 1 113 dep silage 217:222 arg1 AS 225:226 AS 225:226 AS 225:226 Feeding trials were conducted with lactating cows and growing lambs to quantify effects of replacing dietary alfalfa silage (AS) with red clover silage (RCS) on nutrient utilization. 29224883 7 114 theme DM 1079:1080 arg1 intake 1082:1087 DM intake 1079:1087 DM intake 1079:1087 Although DM intake was 1.2 kg/d greater on AS than RCS, milk yield and body weight gain were not different. 29224883 10 115 theme organic 1527:1533 arg1 matter 1535:1540 organic matter 1527:1540 organic matter 1527:1540 Relative to AS, apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and acid detergent fiber were greater on RCS, whereas apparent and estimated true N digestibility were lower. 29224883 6 116 theme SAS 1034:1036 arg1 procedure 1021:1029 the MIXED procedure 1011:1029 the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) 1011:1067 Production data (over the last 14 d of each period) and digestibility and excretion data (at the end of each period) were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). 29224883 5 117 theme Latin 831:835 arg1 trial 844:848 an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial 811:848 an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial 811:848 Thirty-two multiparous (4 ruminally cannulated) plus 16 primiparous Holstein cows were blocked by parity and days in milk and fed diets as total mixed rations in an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial with four 28-d periods. 29224883 10 118 theme N 1630:1630 arg1 digestibility 1632:1644 estimated true N digestibility 1615:1644 estimated true N digestibility 1615:1644 Relative to AS, apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and acid detergent fiber were greater on RCS, whereas apparent and estimated true N digestibility were lower. 29224883 14 119 theme silage 2152:2157 arg1 interaction 2165:2175 a significant silage × RPL interaction 2138:2175 a significant silage × RPL interaction 2138:2175 Supplementation of RPL did not influence any production trait; however, a significant silage × RPL interaction was detected for intake: RPL reduced intake of AS diets but increased intake of RCS diets. 29224883 18 120 theme restricted 2713:2722 arg1 intake 2724:2729 restricted intake 2713:2729 restricted intake 2713:2729 Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and hemicellulose was greater in lambs fed RCS on both ad libitum and restricted intake; however, acid detergent fiber digestibility was only greater at restricted intake. 29224883 12 121 theme solids-not-fat 1900:1913 arg1 content 1915:1921 solids-not-fat content 1900:1921 solids-not-fat content 1900:1921 Supplementation of RPM increased intake, milk true protein, and solids-not-fat content and tended to increase milk fat content. 29224883 10 122 theme acid 1552:1555 arg1 fiber 1567:1571 acid detergent fiber 1552:1571 acid detergent fiber 1552:1571 Relative to AS, apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and acid detergent fiber were greater on RCS, whereas apparent and estimated true N digestibility were lower. 29224883 15 123 theme metabolism 2335:2344 arg1 crates 2346:2351 metabolism crates 2335:2351 metabolism crates 2335:2351 Duplicated metabolism trials were conducted with lambs confined to metabolism crates and fed only silage. 29224883 12 124 theme RPM 1855:1857 arg1 Supplementation 1836:1850 Supplementation 1836:1850 Supplementation of RPM 1836:1857 Supplementation of RPM increased intake, milk true protein, and solids-not-fat content and tended to increase milk fat content. 29224883 18 125 theme detergent 2746:2754 arg1 digestibility 2762:2774 acid detergent fiber digestibility 2741:2774 acid detergent fiber digestibility 2741:2774 Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and hemicellulose was greater in lambs fed RCS on both ad libitum and restricted intake; however, acid detergent fiber digestibility was only greater at restricted intake. 29224883 6 126 theme excretion 948:956 arg1 data 958:961 digestibility and excretion data 930:961 digestibility and excretion data (at the end of each period) 930:989 Production data (over the last 14 d of each period) and digestibility and excretion data (at the end of each period) were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). 29224883 23 127 from digestibility 3293:3305 arg1 RCS 3340:3342 RCS 3340:3342 RCS 3340:3342 Depressed true N digestibility suggested impaired intestinal digestibility of rumen-undegraded protein from RCS. 29224883 21 128 theme Specific 3021:3028 arg1 loss 3030:3033 Specific loss 3021:3033 Specific loss of Lys bioavailability on RCS 3021:3063 Specific loss of Lys bioavailability on RCS was not observed. 29224883 4 129 contain contained 590:598 arg2 % 632:632 16% 630:632 16% crude protein 630:646 All diets contained (DM basis) 5% corn silage and 16% crude protein. 29224883 4 129 contain contained 590:598 arg2 % 612:612 5% 611:612 5% corn silage 611:624 All diets contained (DM basis) 5% corn silage and 16% crude protein. 29224883 4 129 contain contained 590:598 arg1 diets 584:588 All diets 580:588 All diets 580:588 All diets contained (DM basis) 5% corn silage and 16% crude protein. 29224883 16 130 theme refusals 2414:2421 arg1 collections 2392:2402 collections 2392:2402 collections of silage refusals and excreta 2392:2433 After adaptation, collections of silage refusals and excreta were made during ad libitum feeding followed by feeding DM restricted to 2% of body weight. 29224883 5 131 theme incomplete 814:823 arg1 trial 844:848 an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial 811:848 an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial 811:848 Thirty-two multiparous (4 ruminally cannulated) plus 16 primiparous Holstein cows were blocked by parity and days in milk and fed diets as total mixed rations in an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial with four 28-d periods. 29224883 3 132 theme dry 478:480 arg1 DM 490:491 DM 490:491 DM 490:491 Grass silage was fed at 13% of dry matter (DM) with AS to equalize dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein contents. 29224883 3 132 theme dry 478:480 arg1 matter 482:487 dry matter 478:487 dry matter (DM) 478:492 Grass silage was fed at 13% of dry matter (DM) with AS to equalize dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein contents. 29224883 1 133 from effects 180:186 arg1 utilization 270:280 nutrient utilization 261:280 nutrient utilization 261:280 Feeding trials were conducted with lactating cows and growing lambs to quantify effects of replacing dietary alfalfa silage (AS) with red clover silage (RCS) on nutrient utilization. 29224883 5 134 theme Holstein 717:724 arg1 cows 726:729 16 primiparous Holstein cows 702:729 16 primiparous Holstein cows 702:729 Thirty-two multiparous (4 ruminally cannulated) plus 16 primiparous Holstein cows were blocked by parity and days in milk and fed diets as total mixed rations in an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial with four 28-d periods. 29224883 9 135 theme milk 1350:1353 arg1 yield 1381:1385 milk and energy-corrected milk yield 1350:1385 yield 1381:1385 Relative to AS, feeding RCS increased milk and energy-corrected milk yield per unit of DM intake, milk lactose content, and apparent N efficiency and reduced milk urea. 29224883 12 136 theme true 1882:1885 arg1 intake 1869:1874 intake 1869:1874 intake 1869:1874 Supplementation of RPM increased intake, milk true protein, and solids-not-fat content and tended to increase milk fat content. 29224883 12 136 theme true 1882:1885 arg1 protein 1887:1893 milk true protein 1877:1893 milk true protein 1877:1893 Supplementation of RPM increased intake, milk true protein, and solids-not-fat content and tended to increase milk fat content. 29224883 6 137 theme digestibility 930:942 arg1 data 958:961 digestibility and excretion data 930:961 digestibility and excretion data (at the end of each period) 930:989 Production data (over the last 14 d of each period) and digestibility and excretion data (at the end of each period) were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). 29224883 16 138 theme body 2514:2517 arg1 weight 2519:2524 body weight 2514:2524 body weight 2514:2524 After adaptation, collections of silage refusals and excreta were made during ad libitum feeding followed by feeding DM restricted to 2% of body weight. 29224883 5 139 theme × 827:827 arg1 trial 844:848 an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial 811:848 an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial 811:848 Thirty-two multiparous (4 ruminally cannulated) plus 16 primiparous Holstein cows were blocked by parity and days in milk and fed diets as total mixed rations in an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial with four 28-d periods. 29224883 10 140 theme true 1625:1628 arg1 digestibility 1632:1644 estimated true N digestibility 1615:1644 estimated true N digestibility 1615:1644 Relative to AS, apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and acid detergent fiber were greater on RCS, whereas apparent and estimated true N digestibility were lower. 29224883 9 141 theme energy-corrected 1359:1374 arg1 yield 1381:1385 milk and energy-corrected milk yield 1350:1385 yield 1381:1385 Relative to AS, feeding RCS increased milk and energy-corrected milk yield per unit of DM intake, milk lactose content, and apparent N efficiency and reduced milk urea. 29224883 12 142 theme milk 1946:1949 arg1 content 1955:1961 milk fat content 1946:1961 milk fat content 1946:1961 Supplementation of RPM increased intake, milk true protein, and solids-not-fat content and tended to increase milk fat content. 29224883 10 143 theme fiber 1567:1571 arg1 digestibility 1506:1518 apparent digestibility 1497:1518 apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and acid detergent fiber 1497:1571 Relative to AS, apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and acid detergent fiber were greater on RCS, whereas apparent and estimated true N digestibility were lower. 29224883 0 144 theme dairy 70:74 arg1 cows 76:79 dairy cows 70:79 dairy cows 70:79 Utilization of protein in red clover and alfalfa silages by lactating dairy cows and growing lambs. 29224883 10 145 theme matter 1535:1540 arg1 digestibility 1506:1518 apparent digestibility 1497:1518 apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and acid detergent fiber 1497:1571 Relative to AS, apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and acid detergent fiber were greater on RCS, whereas apparent and estimated true N digestibility were lower. 29224883 1 146 theme lactating 135:143 arg1 cows 145:148 lactating cows 135:148 lactating cows 135:148 Feeding trials were conducted with lactating cows and growing lambs to quantify effects of replacing dietary alfalfa silage (AS) with red clover silage (RCS) on nutrient utilization. 29224883 23 147 theme impaired 3273:3280 arg1 digestibility 3293:3305 impaired intestinal digestibility 3273:3305 impaired intestinal digestibility of rumen-undegraded protein from RCS 3273:3342 Depressed true N digestibility suggested impaired intestinal digestibility of rumen-undegraded protein from RCS. 29224883 6 148 dep Cary 1059:1062 arg1 NC 1065:1066 NC 1065:1066 NC 1065:1066 Production data (over the last 14 d of each period) and digestibility and excretion data (at the end of each period) were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). 29224883 13 149 theme silage 1978:1983 arg1 interactions 1991:2002 no silage × RPM interactions 1975:2002 no silage × RPM interactions 1975:2002 There were no silage × RPM interactions, suggesting that RPM was equally limiting on both AS and RCS. 29224883 11 150 theme reduced 1799:1805 arg1 degradation 1823:1833 reduced ruminal protein degradation 1799:1833 reduced ruminal protein degradation 1799:1833 Urinary N excretion and ruminal concentrations of ammonia, total AA, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids were reduced on RCS, indicating reduced ruminal protein degradation. 29224883 13 151 theme RPM 1987:1989 arg1 interactions 1991:2002 no silage × RPM interactions 1975:2002 no silage × RPM interactions 1975:2002 There were no silage × RPM interactions, suggesting that RPM was equally limiting on both AS and RCS. 29224883 14 152 theme diets 2261:2265 arg1 intake 2247:2252 intake 2247:2252 intake of RCS diets 2247:2265 Supplementation of RPL did not influence any production trait; however, a significant silage × RPL interaction was detected for intake: RPL reduced intake of AS diets but increased intake of RCS diets. 29224883 9 153 theme DM 1399:1400 arg1 intake 1402:1407 DM intake 1399:1407 DM intake 1399:1407 Relative to AS, feeding RCS increased milk and energy-corrected milk yield per unit of DM intake, milk lactose content, and apparent N efficiency and reduced milk urea. 29224883 23 154 theme true 3242:3245 arg1 digestibility 3249:3261 Depressed true N digestibility 3232:3261 Depressed true N digestibility 3232:3261 Depressed true N digestibility suggested impaired intestinal digestibility of rumen-undegraded protein from RCS. 29224883 14 155 theme × 2159:2159 arg1 interaction 2165:2175 a significant silage × RPL interaction 2138:2175 a significant silage × RPL interaction 2138:2175 Supplementation of RPL did not influence any production trait; however, a significant silage × RPL interaction was detected for intake: RPL reduced intake of AS diets but increased intake of RCS diets. 29224883 2 156 theme no 361:362 arg1 supplement 364:373 no supplement 361:373 no supplement 361:373 The lactation trial had a 2 × 4 arrangement of treatments: AS or RCS fed with no supplement, rumen-protected Met (RPM), rumen-protected Lys (RPL), or RPM plus RPL. 29224883 21 157 theme bioavailability 3042:3056 arg1 loss 3030:3033 Specific loss 3021:3033 Specific loss of Lys bioavailability on RCS 3021:3063 Specific loss of Lys bioavailability on RCS was not observed. 29224883 18 158 theme ad 2698:2699 arg1 libitum 2701:2707 ad libitum 2698:2707 ad libitum 2698:2707 Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and hemicellulose was greater in lambs fed RCS on both ad libitum and restricted intake; however, acid detergent fiber digestibility was only greater at restricted intake. 29224883 9 159 theme lactose 1415:1421 arg1 content 1423:1429 milk lactose content 1410:1429 milk lactose content 1410:1429 Relative to AS, feeding RCS increased milk and energy-corrected milk yield per unit of DM intake, milk lactose content, and apparent N efficiency and reduced milk urea. 29224883 19 160 theme estimated 2828:2836 arg1 digestibility 2845:2857 estimated true N digestibility 2828:2857 estimated true N digestibility 2828:2857 Apparent and estimated true N digestibility was substantially lower, and N retention was reduced, on RCS. 29224883 5 161 theme total 788:792 arg1 rations 800:806 total mixed rations 788:806 total mixed rations in an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial 788:848 Thirty-two multiparous (4 ruminally cannulated) plus 16 primiparous Holstein cows were blocked by parity and days in milk and fed diets as total mixed rations in an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial with four 28-d periods. 29224883 14 162 theme diets 2227:2231 arg1 intake 2214:2219 intake 2214:2219 intake of AS diets 2214:2231 Supplementation of RPL did not influence any production trait; however, a significant silage × RPL interaction was detected for intake: RPL reduced intake of AS diets but increased intake of RCS diets. 29224883 11 163 theme total 1717:1721 arg1 AA 1723:1724 total AA 1717:1724 total AA 1717:1724 Urinary N excretion and ruminal concentrations of ammonia, total AA, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids were reduced on RCS, indicating reduced ruminal protein degradation. 29224883 8 164 theme milk 1222:1225 arg1 content 1243:1249 milk content 1238:1249 yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat 1187:1290 However, yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat were greater on AS. 29224883 8 164 theme milk 1222:1225 arg1 yields 1187:1192 yields 1187:1192 yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat 1187:1290 However, yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat were greater on AS. 29224883 20 165 theme fiber 2954:2958 arg1 digestibility 2960:2972 greater DM and fiber digestibility 2939:2972 digestibility 2960:2972 Results confirmed greater DM and fiber digestibility in ruminants and N efficiency in cows fed RCS. 29224883 4 166 theme corn 614:617 arg1 silage 619:624 corn silage 614:624 5% corn silage 611:624 All diets contained (DM basis) 5% corn silage and 16% crude protein. 29224883 22 167 theme first-limiting 3122:3135 arg1 AA 3137:3138 the first-limiting AA 3118:3138 the first-limiting AA on both silages 3118:3154 Based on milk composition, Met was the first-limiting AA on both silages; however, Met was not limiting based on production and nutrient efficiency. 29224883 22 167 theme first-limiting 3122:3135 arg1 Met 3110:3112 Met 3110:3112 Met 3110:3112 Based on milk composition, Met was the first-limiting AA on both silages; however, Met was not limiting based on production and nutrient efficiency. 29224883 18 168 theme NDF 2638:2640 arg1 digestibility 2601:2613 Apparent digestibility 2592:2613 Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and hemicellulose 2592:2659 Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and hemicellulose was greater in lambs fed RCS on both ad libitum and restricted intake; however, acid detergent fiber digestibility was only greater at restricted intake. 29224883 9 169 theme apparent 1436:1443 arg1 efficiency 1447:1456 apparent N efficiency 1436:1456 apparent N efficiency 1436:1456 Relative to AS, feeding RCS increased milk and energy-corrected milk yield per unit of DM intake, milk lactose content, and apparent N efficiency and reduced milk urea. 29224883 5 170 dep multiparous 660:670 arg1 4 673:673 4 673:673 4 673:673 Thirty-two multiparous (4 ruminally cannulated) plus 16 primiparous Holstein cows were blocked by parity and days in milk and fed diets as total mixed rations in an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square trial with four 28-d periods. 29224883 2 171 theme lactation 287:295 arg1 trial 297:301 The lactation trial 283:301 The lactation trial 283:301 The lactation trial had a 2 × 4 arrangement of treatments: AS or RCS fed with no supplement, rumen-protected Met (RPM), rumen-protected Lys (RPL), or RPM plus RPL. 29224883 6 172 theme Production 874:883 arg1 data 885:888 Production data 874:888 Production data (over the last 14 d of each period) 874:924 Production data (over the last 14 d of each period) and digestibility and excretion data (at the end of each period) were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). 29224883 9 173 theme efficiency 1447:1456 arg1 unit 1391:1394 unit 1391:1394 unit of DM intake, milk lactose content, and apparent N efficiency and reduced milk urea 1391:1478 Relative to AS, feeding RCS increased milk and energy-corrected milk yield per unit of DM intake, milk lactose content, and apparent N efficiency and reduced milk urea. 29224883 8 174 theme milk 1238:1241 arg1 content 1243:1249 milk content 1238:1249 yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat 1187:1290 However, yields of fat and energy-corrected milk as well as milk content of fat, true protein, and solids-not-fat were greater on AS. 29224883 19 175 theme N 2843:2843 arg1 digestibility 2845:2857 estimated true N digestibility 2828:2857 estimated true N digestibility 2828:2857 Apparent and estimated true N digestibility was substantially lower, and N retention was reduced, on RCS. 29224883 1 176 theme alfalfa 209:215 arg1 silage 217:222 dietary alfalfa silage 201:222 dietary alfalfa silage (AS) 201:227 Feeding trials were conducted with lactating cows and growing lambs to quantify effects of replacing dietary alfalfa silage (AS) with red clover silage (RCS) on nutrient utilization. 29224883 20 177 theme greater 2939:2945 arg1 DM 2947:2948 greater DM and fiber digestibility 2939:2972 DM 2947:2948 Results confirmed greater DM and fiber digestibility in ruminants and N efficiency in cows fed RCS. 29224883 9 178 theme reduced 1462:1468 arg1 urea 1475:1478 reduced milk urea 1462:1478 reduced milk urea 1462:1478 Relative to AS, feeding RCS increased milk and energy-corrected milk yield per unit of DM intake, milk lactose content, and apparent N efficiency and reduced milk urea. 29224883 10 179 theme apparent 1497:1504 arg1 digestibility 1506:1518 apparent digestibility 1497:1518 apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and acid detergent fiber 1497:1571 Relative to AS, apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and acid detergent fiber were greater on RCS, whereas apparent and estimated true N digestibility were lower. 29224883 22 180 theme milk 3092:3095 arg1 composition 3097:3107 milk composition 3092:3107 milk composition 3092:3107 Based on milk composition, Met was the first-limiting AA on both silages; however, Met was not limiting based on production and nutrient efficiency. 29224883 11 181 theme AA 1723:1724 arg1 excretion 1668:1676 Urinary N excretion 1658:1676 Urinary N excretion 1658:1676 Urinary N excretion and ruminal concentrations of ammonia, total AA, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids were reduced on RCS, indicating reduced ruminal protein degradation. 29224883 11 181 theme AA 1723:1724 arg1 concentrations 1690:1703 ruminal concentrations 1682:1703 ruminal concentrations of ammonia, total AA, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids 1682:1765 Urinary N excretion and ruminal concentrations of ammonia, total AA, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids were reduced on RCS, indicating reduced ruminal protein degradation. 26899448 8 0 theme fatty 1220:1224 arg1 acids 1226:1230 Predominant fatty acids 1208:1230 Predominant fatty acids 1208:1230 Predominant fatty acids were C16:0 and C16:1cis9 DMA. 26899448 10 1 theme phenotypic 1422:1431 arg1 tests 1433:1437 phenotypic tests 1422:1437 phenotypic tests 1422:1437 Collectively, the results from a wide range of phenotypic tests, chemotaxonomic tests, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two isolates represent novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium kogasensis sp. 26899448 7 2 theme PL1 1195:1197 arg1 phospholipids 1180:1192 four unknown phospholipids 1167:1192 four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4) 1167:1205 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 2 theme PL1 1195:1197 arg1 PL4 1202:1204 PL1 to PL4 1195:1204 PL1 to PL4 1195:1204 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 2 3 attach isolated 171:178 arg2 bacteria 305:312 Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria 239:312 Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria 239:312 Two bacterial strains, YHK0403(T) and YHK0508, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipe line, were revealed as Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria. 26899448 2 3 attach isolated 171:178 arg2 YHK0508 162:168 YHK0508 162:168 YHK0508 162:168 Two bacterial strains, YHK0403(T) and YHK0508, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipe line, were revealed as Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria. 26899448 2 3 attach isolated 171:178 arg2 YHK0403 147:153 YHK0403 147:153 YHK0403 147:153 Two bacterial strains, YHK0403(T) and YHK0508, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipe line, were revealed as Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria. 26899448 2 3 attach isolated 171:178 arg1 soil 185:188 soil 185:188 soil 185:188 Two bacterial strains, YHK0403(T) and YHK0508, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipe line, were revealed as Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria. 26899448 2 3 attach isolated 171:178 arg2 strains 138:144 Two bacterial strains 124:144 Two bacterial strains 124:144 Two bacterial strains, YHK0403(T) and YHK0508, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipe line, were revealed as Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria. 26899448 6 4 from Peptidoglycan 809:821 arg1 wall 835:838 the cell wall 826:838 the cell wall 826:838 Peptidoglycan in the cell wall was of the A1γ type with meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26899448 9 5 from fermentation 1298:1309 arg1 butyrate 1330:1337 butyrate 1330:1337 butyrate (12.2 mmol) 1330:1349 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as butyrate (12.2 mmol) and acetate (9.8 mmol). 26899448 9 5 from fermentation 1298:1309 arg1 products 1276:1283 The major end products 1262:1283 The major end products from glucose fermentation 1262:1309 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as butyrate (12.2 mmol) and acetate (9.8 mmol). 26899448 9 5 from fermentation 1298:1309 arg1 acetate 1355:1361 acetate 1355:1361 acetate (9.8 mmol) 1355:1372 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as butyrate (12.2 mmol) and acetate (9.8 mmol). 26899448 2 6 theme spore-forming 276:288 arg1 strains 138:144 Two bacterial strains 124:144 Two bacterial strains 124:144 Two bacterial strains, YHK0403(T) and YHK0508, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipe line, were revealed as Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria. 26899448 2 6 theme spore-forming 276:288 arg1 bacteria 305:312 Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria 239:312 Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria 239:312 Two bacterial strains, YHK0403(T) and YHK0508, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipe line, were revealed as Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria. 26899448 5 7 theme isolates 784:791 arg1 % 806:806 29.6 mol% 798:806 29.6 mol% 798:806 The G + C contents of the isolates were 29.6 mol%. 26899448 5 7 theme isolates 784:791 arg1 contents 768:775 The G + C contents 758:775 The G + C contents of the isolates 758:791 The G + C contents of the isolates were 29.6 mol%. 26899448 10 8 theme kogasensis 1601:1610 arg1 sp 1612:1613 the name Clostridium kogasensis sp 1580:1613 the name Clostridium kogasensis sp 1580:1613 Collectively, the results from a wide range of phenotypic tests, chemotaxonomic tests, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two isolates represent novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium kogasensis sp. 26899448 7 9 theme polar 901:905 arg1 lipid 907:911 The major polar lipid 891:911 The major polar lipid 891:911 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 9 theme polar 901:905 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 917:938 diphosphatidylglycerol 917:938 diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) 917:944 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 11 10 theme  = JCM 1661:1666 arg1 T 1674:1674 T 1674:1674 T 1674:1674 nov. (type strain, YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T)) is proposed. 26899448 11 10 theme  = JCM 1661:1666 arg1 18719 1668:1672 YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719 1635:1672 YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T) 1635:1675 nov. (type strain, YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T)) is proposed. 26899448 11 10 theme  = JCM 1661:1666 arg1 strain 1627:1632 type strain 1622:1632 type strain 1622:1632 nov. (type strain, YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T)) is proposed. 26899448 10 11 theme phylogenetic 1466:1477 arg1 analysis 1479:1486 phylogenetic analysis 1466:1486 phylogenetic analysis 1466:1486 Collectively, the results from a wide range of phenotypic tests, chemotaxonomic tests, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two isolates represent novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium kogasensis sp. 26899448 10 12 theme wide 1408:1411 arg1 range 1413:1417 a wide range 1406:1417 a wide range of phenotypic tests, chemotaxonomic tests, and phylogenetic analysis 1406:1486 Collectively, the results from a wide range of phenotypic tests, chemotaxonomic tests, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two isolates represent novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium kogasensis sp. 26899448 2 13 theme Gram-negative 239:251 arg1 strains 138:144 Two bacterial strains 124:144 Two bacterial strains 124:144 Two bacterial strains, YHK0403(T) and YHK0508, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipe line, were revealed as Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria. 26899448 2 13 theme Gram-negative 239:251 arg1 bacteria 305:312 Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria 239:312 Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria 239:312 Two bacterial strains, YHK0403(T) and YHK0508, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipe line, were revealed as Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria. 26899448 4 14 theme 16S 418:420 arg1 sequences 432:440 16S rRNA gene sequences 418:440 16S rRNA gene sequences 418:440 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 15 theme Clostridium 710:720 arg1 T 746:746 T 746:746 T 746:746 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 15 theme Clostridium 710:720 arg1 5387 741:744 Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387 710:744 Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%) 710:755 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 15 theme Clostridium 710:720 arg1 % 754:754 94.9% 750:754 94.9% 750:754 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 10 16 from range 1413:1417 arg1 results 1393:1399 the results 1389:1399 the results from a wide range of phenotypic tests, chemotaxonomic tests, and phylogenetic analysis 1389:1486 Collectively, the results from a wide range of phenotypic tests, chemotaxonomic tests, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two isolates represent novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium kogasensis sp. 26899448 7 17 theme unknown 1172:1178 arg1 phospholipids 1180:1192 four unknown phospholipids 1167:1192 four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4) 1167:1205 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 17 theme unknown 1172:1178 arg1 PL4 1202:1204 PL1 to PL4 1195:1204 PL1 to PL4 1195:1204 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 17 theme unknown 1172:1178 arg1 lipids 963:968 other minor lipids 951:968 other minor lipids 951:968 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 4 18 theme Clostridium 624:634 arg1 KCTC 643:646 Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177 624:652 Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%) 624:663 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 18 theme Clostridium 624:634 arg1 T 654:654 T 654:654 T 654:654 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 18 theme Clostridium 624:634 arg1 % 662:662 95.8% 658:662 95.8% 658:662 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 10 19 theme tests 1455:1459 arg1 range 1413:1417 a wide range 1406:1417 a wide range of phenotypic tests, chemotaxonomic tests, and phylogenetic analysis 1406:1486 Collectively, the results from a wide range of phenotypic tests, chemotaxonomic tests, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two isolates represent novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium kogasensis sp. 26899448 6 20 theme meso-diaminopimelic 865:883 arg1 acid 885:888 meso-diaminopimelic acid 865:888 meso-diaminopimelic acid 865:888 Peptidoglycan in the cell wall was of the A1γ type with meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26899448 2 21 theme pipe 211:214 arg1 line 216:219 a corroded gas pipe line 196:219 a corroded gas pipe line 196:219 Two bacterial strains, YHK0403(T) and YHK0508, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipe line, were revealed as Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria. 26899448 3 22 theme peritrichous 364:375 arg1 flagella 377:384 peritrichous flagella 364:384 peritrichous flagella 364:384 The cells were rod-shaped and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 26899448 11 23 theme  = KCTC 1645:1651 arg1 T 1674:1674 T 1674:1674 T 1674:1674 nov. (type strain, YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T)) is proposed. 26899448 11 23 theme  = KCTC 1645:1651 arg1 18719 1668:1672 YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719 1635:1672 YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T) 1635:1675 nov. (type strain, YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T)) is proposed. 26899448 11 23 theme  = KCTC 1645:1651 arg1 strain 1627:1632 type strain 1622:1632 type strain 1622:1632 nov. (type strain, YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T)) is proposed. 26899448 4 24 theme gene 427:430 arg1 sequences 432:440 16S rRNA gene sequences 418:440 16S rRNA gene sequences 418:440 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 7 25 theme major 895:899 arg1 lipid 907:911 The major polar lipid 891:911 The major polar lipid 891:911 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 25 theme major 895:899 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 917:938 diphosphatidylglycerol 917:938 diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) 917:944 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 1 26 theme genus 55:59 arg1 Clostridium 61:71 the genus Clostridium 51:71 the genus Clostridium 51:71 nov., a novel member of the genus Clostridium, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipeline. 26899448 4 27 dep Clostridium 666:676 arg1 drakei 678:683 drakei 678:683 drakei 678:683 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 0 28 theme kogasensis 12:21 arg1 sp 23:24 Clostridium kogasensis sp 0:24 Clostridium kogasensis sp. 0:25 Clostridium kogasensis sp. 26899448 4 29 theme rRNA 422:425 arg1 sequences 432:440 16S rRNA gene sequences 418:440 16S rRNA gene sequences 418:440 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 7 30 dep glycolipids 1057:1067 arg1 GL2 1078:1080 GL2 1078:1080 GL2 1078:1080 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 30 dep glycolipids 1057:1067 arg1 GL1 1070:1072 GL1 1070:1072 GL1 1070:1072 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 30 dep glycolipids 1057:1067 arg1 glycolipids 1057:1067 two unknown glycolipids 1045:1067 two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2) 1045:1081 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 31 dep PL4 1202:1204 arg1 to 1199:1200 to 1199:1200 to 1199:1200 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 1 32 theme Clostridium 61:71 arg1 member 41:46 a novel member 33:46 a novel member of the genus Clostridium 33:71 nov., a novel member of the genus Clostridium, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipeline. 26899448 1 32 theme Clostridium 61:71 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., a novel member of the genus Clostridium, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipeline. 26899448 7 33 theme minor 957:961 arg1 phospholipids 1180:1192 four unknown phospholipids 1167:1192 four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4) 1167:1205 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 33 theme minor 957:961 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 987:1006 phosphatidylglycerol 987:1006 phosphatidylglycerol (PG) 987:1011 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 33 theme minor 957:961 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1014:1037 phosphatidylethanolamine 1014:1037 phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) 1014:1042 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 33 theme minor 957:961 arg1 lipids 963:968 other minor lipids 951:968 other minor lipids 951:968 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 33 theme minor 957:961 arg1 aminoglycolipid 1095:1109 an unknown aminoglycolipid 1084:1109 an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL) 1084:1115 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 33 theme minor 957:961 arg1 aminophospholipids 1130:1147 two unknown aminophospholipids 1118:1147 two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) 1118:1161 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 33 theme minor 957:961 arg1 glycolipids 1057:1067 two unknown glycolipids 1045:1067 two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2) 1045:1081 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 4 34 theme % 588:588 arg1 similarity 599:608 95.8% sequence similarity 584:608 95.8% sequence similarity 584:608 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 34 theme % 588:588 arg1 5588 575:578 Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588 545:578 Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity) 545:609 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 0 35 theme Clostridium 0:10 arg1 sp 23:24 Clostridium kogasensis sp 0:24 Clostridium kogasensis sp. 0:25 Clostridium kogasensis sp. 26899448 4 36 theme genus 490:494 arg1 Clostridium 496:506 the genus Clostridium 486:506 the genus Clostridium 486:506 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 10 37 theme novel 1530:1534 arg1 species 1536:1542 novel species 1530:1542 novel species 1530:1542 Collectively, the results from a wide range of phenotypic tests, chemotaxonomic tests, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two isolates represent novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium kogasensis sp. 26899448 9 38 theme glucose 1290:1296 arg1 fermentation 1298:1309 glucose fermentation 1290:1309 glucose fermentation 1290:1309 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as butyrate (12.2 mmol) and acetate (9.8 mmol). 26899448 6 39 theme A1γ 851:853 arg1 type 855:858 the A1γ type 847:858 the A1γ type 847:858 Peptidoglycan in the cell wall was of the A1γ type with meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26899448 6 40 with type 855:858 arg1 acid 885:888 meso-diaminopimelic acid 865:888 meso-diaminopimelic acid 865:888 Peptidoglycan in the cell wall was of the A1γ type with meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26899448 11 41 theme YHK0403 1635:1641 arg1 T 1674:1674 T 1674:1674 T 1674:1674 nov. (type strain, YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T)) is proposed. 26899448 11 41 theme YHK0403 1635:1641 arg1 18719 1668:1672 YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719 1635:1672 YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T) 1635:1675 nov. (type strain, YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T)) is proposed. 26899448 11 41 theme YHK0403 1635:1641 arg1 strain 1627:1632 type strain 1622:1632 type strain 1622:1632 nov. (type strain, YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T)) is proposed. 26899448 10 42 theme analysis 1479:1486 arg1 range 1413:1417 a wide range 1406:1417 a wide range of phenotypic tests, chemotaxonomic tests, and phylogenetic analysis 1406:1486 Collectively, the results from a wide range of phenotypic tests, chemotaxonomic tests, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two isolates represent novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium kogasensis sp. 26899448 11 43 theme type 1622:1625 arg1 18719 1668:1672 YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719 1635:1672 YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T) 1635:1675 nov. (type strain, YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T)) is proposed. 26899448 11 43 theme type 1622:1625 arg1 strain 1627:1632 type strain 1622:1632 type strain 1622:1632 nov. (type strain, YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T)) is proposed. 26899448 7 44 theme other 951:955 arg1 phospholipids 1180:1192 four unknown phospholipids 1167:1192 four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4) 1167:1205 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 44 theme other 951:955 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 987:1006 phosphatidylglycerol 987:1006 phosphatidylglycerol (PG) 987:1011 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 44 theme other 951:955 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 1014:1037 phosphatidylethanolamine 1014:1037 phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) 1014:1042 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 44 theme other 951:955 arg1 lipids 963:968 other minor lipids 951:968 other minor lipids 951:968 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 44 theme other 951:955 arg1 aminoglycolipid 1095:1109 an unknown aminoglycolipid 1084:1109 an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL) 1084:1115 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 44 theme other 951:955 arg1 aminophospholipids 1130:1147 two unknown aminophospholipids 1118:1147 two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) 1118:1161 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 44 theme other 951:955 arg1 glycolipids 1057:1067 two unknown glycolipids 1045:1067 two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2) 1045:1081 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 9 45 theme end 1272:1274 arg1 butyrate 1330:1337 butyrate 1330:1337 butyrate (12.2 mmol) 1330:1349 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as butyrate (12.2 mmol) and acetate (9.8 mmol). 26899448 9 45 theme end 1272:1274 arg1 products 1276:1283 The major end products 1262:1283 The major end products from glucose fermentation 1262:1309 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as butyrate (12.2 mmol) and acetate (9.8 mmol). 26899448 9 45 theme end 1272:1274 arg1 acetate 1355:1361 acetate 1355:1361 acetate (9.8 mmol) 1355:1372 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as butyrate (12.2 mmol) and acetate (9.8 mmol). 26899448 4 46 theme Phylogenetic 387:398 arg1 analysis 400:407 Phylogenetic analysis 387:407 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences 387:440 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 5 47 theme G + C 762:766 arg1 % 806:806 29.6 mol% 798:806 29.6 mol% 798:806 The G + C contents of the isolates were 29.6 mol%. 26899448 5 47 theme G + C 762:766 arg1 contents 768:775 The G + C contents 758:775 The G + C contents of the isolates 758:791 The G + C contents of the isolates were 29.6 mol%. 26899448 4 48 theme KCTC 570:573 arg1 T 580:580 T 580:580 T 580:580 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 48 theme KCTC 570:573 arg1 5588 575:578 Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588 545:578 Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity) 545:609 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 48 theme KCTC 570:573 arg1 similarity 599:608 95.8% sequence similarity 584:608 95.8% sequence similarity 584:608 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 49 theme Clostridium 496:506 arg1 members 475:481 members 475:481 members of the genus Clostridium 475:506 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 49 theme Clostridium 496:506 arg1 isolates 461:468 the isolates 457:468 the isolates 457:468 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 49 theme Clostridium 496:506 arg1 followed 612:619 followed 612:619 followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%) 612:755 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 49 theme Clostridium 496:506 arg1 related 534:540 related 534:540 related 534:540 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 7 50 theme unknown 1122:1128 arg1 PN2 1158:1160 PN2 1158:1160 PN2 1158:1160 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 50 theme unknown 1122:1128 arg1 lipids 963:968 other minor lipids 951:968 other minor lipids 951:968 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 50 theme unknown 1122:1128 arg1 PN1 1150:1152 PN1 1150:1152 PN1 1150:1152 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 50 theme unknown 1122:1128 arg1 aminophospholipids 1130:1147 two unknown aminophospholipids 1118:1147 two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) 1118:1161 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 51 dep aminophospholipids 1130:1147 arg1 PN2 1158:1160 PN2 1158:1160 PN2 1158:1160 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 51 dep aminophospholipids 1130:1147 arg1 PN1 1150:1152 PN1 1150:1152 PN1 1150:1152 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 51 dep aminophospholipids 1130:1147 arg1 aminophospholipids 1130:1147 two unknown aminophospholipids 1118:1147 two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) 1118:1161 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 4 52 dep Clostridium 710:720 arg1 tyrobutyricum 722:734 tyrobutyricum 722:734 tyrobutyricum 722:734 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 11 53 theme T 1659:1659 arg1 T 1674:1674 T 1674:1674 T 1674:1674 nov. (type strain, YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T)) is proposed. 26899448 11 53 theme T 1659:1659 arg1 18719 1668:1672 YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719 1635:1672 YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T) 1635:1675 nov. (type strain, YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T)) is proposed. 26899448 11 53 theme T 1659:1659 arg1 strain 1627:1632 type strain 1622:1632 type strain 1622:1632 nov. (type strain, YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T)) is proposed. 26899448 10 54 theme Clostridium 1557:1567 arg1 species 1536:1542 novel species 1530:1542 novel species 1530:1542 Collectively, the results from a wide range of phenotypic tests, chemotaxonomic tests, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two isolates represent novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium kogasensis sp. 26899448 4 55 theme KCTC 685:688 arg1 5440 690:693 Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440 666:693 Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) 666:704 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 55 theme KCTC 685:688 arg1 % 703:703 95.7% 699:703 95.7% 699:703 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 55 theme KCTC 685:688 arg1 T 695:695 T 695:695 T 695:695 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 10 56 theme tests 1433:1437 arg1 range 1413:1417 a wide range 1406:1417 a wide range of phenotypic tests, chemotaxonomic tests, and phylogenetic analysis 1406:1486 Collectively, the results from a wide range of phenotypic tests, chemotaxonomic tests, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two isolates represent novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium kogasensis sp. 26899448 2 57 theme bacterial 128:136 arg1 YHK0508 162:168 YHK0508 162:168 YHK0508 162:168 Two bacterial strains, YHK0403(T) and YHK0508, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipe line, were revealed as Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria. 26899448 2 57 theme bacterial 128:136 arg1 YHK0403 147:153 YHK0403 147:153 YHK0403 147:153 Two bacterial strains, YHK0403(T) and YHK0508, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipe line, were revealed as Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria. 26899448 2 57 theme bacterial 128:136 arg1 strains 138:144 Two bacterial strains 124:144 Two bacterial strains 124:144 Two bacterial strains, YHK0403(T) and YHK0508, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipe line, were revealed as Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria. 26899448 2 57 theme bacterial 128:136 arg1 bacteria 305:312 Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria 239:312 Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria 239:312 Two bacterial strains, YHK0403(T) and YHK0508, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipe line, were revealed as Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria. 26899448 7 58 theme unknown 1049:1055 arg1 GL2 1078:1080 GL2 1078:1080 GL2 1078:1080 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 58 theme unknown 1049:1055 arg1 lipids 963:968 other minor lipids 951:968 other minor lipids 951:968 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 58 theme unknown 1049:1055 arg1 GL1 1070:1072 GL1 1070:1072 GL1 1070:1072 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 58 theme unknown 1049:1055 arg1 glycolipids 1057:1067 two unknown glycolipids 1045:1067 two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2) 1045:1081 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 2 59 theme mesophilic 294:303 arg1 strains 138:144 Two bacterial strains 124:144 Two bacterial strains 124:144 Two bacterial strains, YHK0403(T) and YHK0508, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipe line, were revealed as Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria. 26899448 2 59 theme mesophilic 294:303 arg1 bacteria 305:312 Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria 239:312 Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria 239:312 Two bacterial strains, YHK0403(T) and YHK0508, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipe line, were revealed as Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria. 26899448 4 60 theme KCTC 736:739 arg1 T 746:746 T 746:746 T 746:746 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 60 theme KCTC 736:739 arg1 5387 741:744 Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387 710:744 Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%) 710:755 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 60 theme KCTC 736:739 arg1 % 754:754 94.9% 750:754 94.9% 750:754 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 10 61 theme Clostridium 1589:1599 arg1 sp 1612:1613 the name Clostridium kogasensis sp 1580:1613 the name Clostridium kogasensis sp 1580:1613 Collectively, the results from a wide range of phenotypic tests, chemotaxonomic tests, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two isolates represent novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium kogasensis sp. 26899448 10 62 theme name 1584:1587 arg1 sp 1612:1613 the name Clostridium kogasensis sp 1580:1613 the name Clostridium kogasensis sp 1580:1613 Collectively, the results from a wide range of phenotypic tests, chemotaxonomic tests, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two isolates represent novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium kogasensis sp. 26899448 2 63 theme anaerobic 265:273 arg1 strains 138:144 Two bacterial strains 124:144 Two bacterial strains 124:144 Two bacterial strains, YHK0403(T) and YHK0508, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipe line, were revealed as Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria. 26899448 2 63 theme anaerobic 265:273 arg1 bacteria 305:312 Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria 239:312 Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria 239:312 Two bacterial strains, YHK0403(T) and YHK0508, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipe line, were revealed as Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria. 26899448 8 64 dep C16:0 1237:1241 arg1 DMA 1257:1259 DMA 1257:1259 DMA 1257:1259 Predominant fatty acids were C16:0 and C16:1cis9 DMA. 26899448 4 65 theme Clostridium 666:676 arg1 5440 690:693 Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440 666:693 Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) 666:704 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 65 theme Clostridium 666:676 arg1 % 703:703 95.7% 699:703 95.7% 699:703 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 65 theme Clostridium 666:676 arg1 T 695:695 T 695:695 T 695:695 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 66 dep Clostridium 545:555 arg1 scatologenes 557:568 scatologenes 557:568 scatologenes 557:568 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 2 67 theme corroded 198:205 arg1 line 216:219 a corroded gas pipe line 196:219 a corroded gas pipe line 196:219 Two bacterial strains, YHK0403(T) and YHK0508, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipe line, were revealed as Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria. 26899448 11 68 theme T 1643:1643 arg1 T 1674:1674 T 1674:1674 T 1674:1674 nov. (type strain, YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T)) is proposed. 26899448 11 68 theme T 1643:1643 arg1 18719 1668:1672 YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719 1635:1672 YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T) 1635:1675 nov. (type strain, YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T)) is proposed. 26899448 11 68 theme T 1643:1643 arg1 strain 1627:1632 type strain 1622:1632 type strain 1622:1632 nov. (type strain, YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T)) is proposed. 26899448 4 69 theme magnum 636:641 arg1 KCTC 643:646 Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177 624:652 Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%) 624:663 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 69 theme magnum 636:641 arg1 T 654:654 T 654:654 T 654:654 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 69 theme magnum 636:641 arg1 % 662:662 95.8% 658:662 95.8% 658:662 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 6 70 theme cell 830:833 arg1 wall 835:838 the cell wall 826:838 the cell wall 826:838 Peptidoglycan in the cell wall was of the A1γ type with meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26899448 2 71 theme gas 207:209 arg1 line 216:219 a corroded gas pipe line 196:219 a corroded gas pipe line 196:219 Two bacterial strains, YHK0403(T) and YHK0508, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipe line, were revealed as Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, spore-forming and mesophilic bacteria. 26899448 8 72 theme Predominant 1208:1218 arg1 acids 1226:1230 Predominant fatty acids 1208:1230 Predominant fatty acids 1208:1230 Predominant fatty acids were C16:0 and C16:1cis9 DMA. 26899448 5 73 theme 29.6 mol 798:805 arg1 % 806:806 29.6 mol% 798:806 29.6 mol% 798:806 The G + C contents of the isolates were 29.6 mol%. 26899448 5 73 theme 29.6 mol 798:805 arg1 contents 768:775 The G + C contents 758:775 The G + C contents of the isolates 758:791 The G + C contents of the isolates were 29.6 mol%. 26899448 1 74 theme corroded 101:108 arg1 pipeline 114:121 a corroded gas pipeline 99:121 a corroded gas pipeline 99:121 nov., a novel member of the genus Clostridium, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipeline. 26899448 4 75 dep related 534:540 arg1 members 475:481 members 475:481 members of the genus Clostridium 475:506 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 75 dep related 534:540 arg1 isolates 461:468 the isolates 457:468 the isolates 457:468 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 75 dep related 534:540 arg1 related 534:540 related 534:540 related 534:540 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 75 dep related 534:540 arg1 followed 612:619 followed 612:619 followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%) 612:755 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 1 76 theme gas 110:112 arg1 pipeline 114:121 a corroded gas pipeline 99:121 a corroded gas pipeline 99:121 nov., a novel member of the genus Clostridium, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipeline. 26899448 7 77 theme unknown 1087:1093 arg1 NGL 1112:1114 NGL 1112:1114 NGL 1112:1114 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 77 theme unknown 1087:1093 arg1 aminoglycolipid 1095:1109 an unknown aminoglycolipid 1084:1109 an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL) 1084:1115 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 7 77 theme unknown 1087:1093 arg1 lipids 963:968 other minor lipids 951:968 other minor lipids 951:968 The major polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and other minor lipids were revealed as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unknown glycolipids (GL1 and GL2), an unknown aminoglycolipid (NGL), two unknown aminophospholipids (PN1 and PN2) and four unknown phospholipids (PL1 to PL4). 26899448 9 78 theme major 1266:1270 arg1 butyrate 1330:1337 butyrate 1330:1337 butyrate (12.2 mmol) 1330:1349 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as butyrate (12.2 mmol) and acetate (9.8 mmol). 26899448 9 78 theme major 1266:1270 arg1 products 1276:1283 The major end products 1262:1283 The major end products from glucose fermentation 1262:1309 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as butyrate (12.2 mmol) and acetate (9.8 mmol). 26899448 9 78 theme major 1266:1270 arg1 acetate 1355:1361 acetate 1355:1361 acetate (9.8 mmol) 1355:1372 The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as butyrate (12.2 mmol) and acetate (9.8 mmol). 26899448 10 79 theme chemotaxonomic 1440:1453 arg1 tests 1455:1459 chemotaxonomic tests 1440:1459 chemotaxonomic tests 1440:1459 Collectively, the results from a wide range of phenotypic tests, chemotaxonomic tests, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two isolates represent novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium kogasensis sp. 26899448 1 80 theme novel 35:39 arg1 member 41:46 a novel member 33:46 a novel member of the genus Clostridium 33:71 nov., a novel member of the genus Clostridium, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipeline. 26899448 1 80 theme novel 35:39 arg1 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov. 27:30 nov., a novel member of the genus Clostridium, isolated from soil under a corroded gas pipeline. 26899448 4 81 theme sequence 590:597 arg1 similarity 599:608 95.8% sequence similarity 584:608 95.8% sequence similarity 584:608 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 81 theme sequence 590:597 arg1 5588 575:578 Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588 545:578 Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity) 545:609 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 11 82 dep nov 1616:1618 arg1 18719 1668:1672 YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719 1635:1672 YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T) 1635:1675 nov. (type strain, YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T)) is proposed. 26899448 11 82 dep nov 1616:1618 arg1 strain 1627:1632 type strain 1622:1632 type strain 1622:1632 nov. (type strain, YHK0403(T) = KCTC 15258(T) = JCM 18719(T)) is proposed. 26899448 4 83 theme Clostridium 545:555 arg1 T 580:580 T 580:580 T 580:580 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 83 theme Clostridium 545:555 arg1 5588 575:578 Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588 545:578 Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity) 545:609 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26899448 4 83 theme Clostridium 545:555 arg1 similarity 599:608 95.8% sequence similarity 584:608 95.8% sequence similarity 584:608 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Clostridium and were the most closely related to Clostridium scatologenes KCTC 5588(T) (95.8% sequence similarity), followed by Clostridium magnum KCTC 15177(T) (95.8%), Clostridium drakei KCTC 5440(T) (95.7%) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387(T) (94.9%). 26133115 8 0 theme LAM0705 800:806 arg1 peptidoglycan 776:788 The cell wall peptidoglycan 762:788 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM0705(T) 762:809 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM0705(T) was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26133115 2 1 theme novel 98:102 arg1 bacterium 112:120 A novel aerobic bacterium 96:120 A novel aerobic bacterium 96:120 A novel aerobic bacterium, designated strain LAM0705(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Populus alba in the Peking University Third Hospital. 26133115 5 2 theme Strain 441:446 arg1 T 456:456 T 456:456 T 456:456 Strain LAM0705(T) was found to be able to grow in the presence 0-5 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 1.0 %). 26133115 5 2 theme Strain 441:446 arg1 LAM0705 448:454 Strain LAM0705 441:454 Strain LAM0705(T) 441:457 Strain LAM0705(T) was found to be able to grow in the presence 0-5 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 1.0 %). 26133115 13 3 theme chemotaxonomic 1400:1413 arg1 characteristics 1415:1429 its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1367:1429 its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1367:1429 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0705(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus populi sp. 26133115 10 4 theme G+C 914:916 arg1 % 963:963 48 mol% 957:963 48 mol% 957:963 The G+C content of genomic DNA was found to be 48 mol% when determined by the T m method. 26133115 10 4 theme G+C 914:916 arg1 content 918:924 The G+C content 910:924 The G+C content of genomic DNA 910:939 The G+C content of genomic DNA was found to be 48 mol% when determined by the T m method. 26133115 13 5 theme strain 1432:1437 arg1 T 1447:1447 T 1447:1447 T 1447:1447 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0705(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus populi sp. 26133115 13 5 theme strain 1432:1437 arg1 LAM0705 1439:1445 strain LAM0705 1432:1445 strain LAM0705(T) 1432:1448 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0705(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus populi sp. 26133115 12 6 theme DSM 1323:1325 arg1 T 1332:1332 T 1332:1332 T 1332:1332 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0705(T) and P. agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) was 47 ± 0.8 %. 26133115 12 6 theme DSM 1323:1325 arg1 1355 1327:1330 P. agaridevorans DSM 1355 1306:1330 P. agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) 1306:1333 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0705(T) and P. agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) was 47 ± 0.8 %. 26133115 13 7 theme Paenibacillus 1539:1551 arg1 sp 1560:1561 the name Paenibacillus populi sp 1530:1561 the name Paenibacillus populi sp 1530:1561 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0705(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus populi sp. 26133115 12 8 theme P. 1306:1307 arg1 T 1332:1332 T 1332:1332 T 1332:1332 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0705(T) and P. agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) was 47 ± 0.8 %. 26133115 12 8 theme P. 1306:1307 arg1 1355 1327:1330 P. agaridevorans DSM 1355 1306:1330 P. agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) 1306:1333 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0705(T) and P. agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) was 47 ± 0.8 %. 26133115 11 9 with 1355 1134:1137 arg1 similarity 1218:1227 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity 1193:1227 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity 1193:1227 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 6 10 theme fatty 548:552 arg1 C16:0 615:619 C16:0 615:619 C16:0 615:619 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0705(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C16:0. 26133115 6 10 theme fatty 548:552 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 600:612 anteiso-C15:0 600:612 anteiso-C15:0 600:612 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0705(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C16:0. 26133115 6 10 theme fatty 548:552 arg1 acids 554:558 The major fatty acids 538:558 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0705(T) 538:579 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0705(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C16:0. 26133115 6 10 theme fatty 548:552 arg1 iso-C16:0 625:633 iso-C16:0 625:633 iso-C16:0 625:633 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0705(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C16:0. 26133115 8 11 theme strain 793:798 arg1 T 808:808 T 808:808 T 808:808 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM0705(T) was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26133115 8 11 theme strain 793:798 arg1 LAM0705 800:806 strain LAM0705 793:806 strain LAM0705(T) 793:809 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM0705(T) was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26133115 2 12 theme strain 134:139 arg1 T 149:149 T 149:149 T 149:149 A novel aerobic bacterium, designated strain LAM0705(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Populus alba in the Peking University Third Hospital. 26133115 2 12 theme strain 134:139 arg1 LAM0705 141:147 strain LAM0705 134:147 strain LAM0705(T) 134:150 A novel aerobic bacterium, designated strain LAM0705(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Populus alba in the Peking University Third Hospital. 26133115 8 13 theme wall 771:774 arg1 peptidoglycan 776:788 The cell wall peptidoglycan 762:788 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM0705(T) 762:809 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM0705(T) was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26133115 13 14 theme novel 1478:1482 arg1 species 1484:1490 a novel species 1476:1490 a novel species 1476:1490 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0705(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus populi sp. 26133115 2 15 from rhizosphere 175:185 arg1 Hospital 234:241 the Peking University Third Hospital 206:241 the Peking University Third Hospital 206:241 A novel aerobic bacterium, designated strain LAM0705(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Populus alba in the Peking University Third Hospital. 26133115 6 16 theme major 542:546 arg1 C16:0 615:619 C16:0 615:619 C16:0 615:619 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0705(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C16:0. 26133115 6 16 theme major 542:546 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 600:612 anteiso-C15:0 600:612 anteiso-C15:0 600:612 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0705(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C16:0. 26133115 6 16 theme major 542:546 arg1 acids 554:558 The major fatty acids 538:558 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0705(T) 538:579 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0705(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C16:0. 26133115 6 16 theme major 542:546 arg1 iso-C16:0 625:633 iso-C16:0 625:633 iso-C16:0 625:633 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0705(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C16:0. 26133115 13 17 theme phylogenetic 1383:1394 arg1 characteristics 1415:1429 its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1367:1429 its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1367:1429 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0705(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus populi sp. 26133115 2 18 theme Third 228:232 arg1 Hospital 234:241 the Peking University Third Hospital 206:241 the Peking University Third Hospital 206:241 A novel aerobic bacterium, designated strain LAM0705(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Populus alba in the Peking University Third Hospital. 26133115 2 19 attach isolated 157:164 arg2 bacterium 112:120 A novel aerobic bacterium 96:120 A novel aerobic bacterium 96:120 A novel aerobic bacterium, designated strain LAM0705(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Populus alba in the Peking University Third Hospital. 26133115 2 19 attach isolated 157:164 arg1 rhizosphere 175:185 the rhizosphere 171:185 the rhizosphere of Populus alba in the Peking University Third Hospital 171:241 A novel aerobic bacterium, designated strain LAM0705(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Populus alba in the Peking University Third Hospital. 26133115 13 20 theme genus 1499:1503 arg1 species 1484:1490 a novel species 1476:1490 a novel species 1476:1490 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0705(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus populi sp. 26133115 10 21 theme genomic 929:935 arg1 DNA 937:939 genomic DNA 929:939 genomic DNA 929:939 The G+C content of genomic DNA was found to be 48 mol% when determined by the T m method. 26133115 13 22 theme populi 1553:1558 arg1 sp 1560:1561 the name Paenibacillus populi sp 1530:1561 the name Paenibacillus populi sp 1530:1561 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0705(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus populi sp. 26133115 2 23 theme University 217:226 arg1 Hospital 234:241 the Peking University Third Hospital 206:241 the Peking University Third Hospital 206:241 A novel aerobic bacterium, designated strain LAM0705(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Populus alba in the Peking University Third Hospital. 26133115 11 24 theme DSM 1130:1132 arg1 T 1139:1139 T 1139:1139 T 1139:1139 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 11 24 theme DSM 1130:1132 arg1 1355 1134:1137 Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355 1102:1137 Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) 1102:1140 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 11 25 theme thailandensis 1160:1172 arg1 KCTC 1174:1177 Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043 1146:1183 Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) 1146:1186 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 11 25 theme thailandensis 1160:1172 arg1 T 1185:1185 T 1185:1185 T 1185:1185 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 5 26 theme 0-5 504:506 arg1 % 508:508 % 508:508 % 508:508 Strain LAM0705(T) was found to be able to grow in the presence 0-5 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 1.0 %). 26133115 10 27 theme 48 957:958 arg1 mol 960:962 mol 960:962 mol 960:962 The G+C content of genomic DNA was found to be 48 mol% when determined by the T m method. 26133115 3 28 theme LAM0705 260:266 arg1 Cells 244:248 Cells 244:248 Cells of strain LAM0705(T) 244:269 Cells of strain LAM0705(T) were observed to be Gram-stain positive, motile, spore-forming and rod-shaped. 26133115 10 29 theme DNA 937:939 arg1 % 963:963 48 mol% 957:963 48 mol% 957:963 The G+C content of genomic DNA was found to be 48 mol% when determined by the T m method. 26133115 10 29 theme DNA 937:939 arg1 content 918:924 The G+C content 910:924 The G+C content of genomic DNA 910:939 The G+C content of genomic DNA was found to be 48 mol% when determined by the T m method. 26133115 0 30 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 populi 14:19 Paenibacillus populi 0:19 Paenibacillus populi 0:19 Paenibacillus populi sp. 26133115 1 31 attach isolated 49:56 arg2 bacterium 39:47 a novel bacterium 31:47 a novel bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of Populus alba 31:93 nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of Populus alba. 26133115 1 31 attach isolated 49:56 arg1 rhizosphere 67:77 the rhizosphere 63:77 the rhizosphere of Populus alba 63:93 nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of Populus alba. 26133115 5 32 theme % 508:508 arg1 % 534:534 optimum 1.0 % 522:534 optimum 1.0 % 522:534 Strain LAM0705(T) was found to be able to grow in the presence 0-5 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 1.0 %). 26133115 5 32 theme % 508:508 arg1 w/v 516:518 w/v 516:518 w/v 516:518 Strain LAM0705(T) was found to be able to grow in the presence 0-5 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 1.0 %). 26133115 5 32 theme % 508:508 arg1 NaCl 510:513 0-5 % NaCl 504:513 the presence 0-5 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 1.0 %) 491:535 Strain LAM0705(T) was found to be able to grow in the presence 0-5 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 1.0 %). 26133115 11 33 theme 16S 1004:1006 arg1 similarity 1027:1036 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1000:1036 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 1000:1045 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 7 34 theme dominant 640:647 arg1 lipids 655:660 The dominant polar lipids 636:660 The dominant polar lipids 636:660 The dominant polar lipids were found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. 26133115 11 35 theme Paenibacillus 1102:1114 arg1 T 1139:1139 T 1139:1139 T 1139:1139 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 11 35 theme Paenibacillus 1102:1114 arg1 1355 1134:1137 Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355 1102:1137 Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) 1102:1140 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 12 36 theme 47 1339:1340 arg1 ± 1342:1342 ± 1342:1342 ± 1342:1342 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0705(T) and P. agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) was 47 ± 0.8 %. 26133115 11 37 theme sequence 1018:1025 arg1 similarity 1027:1036 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1000:1036 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 1000:1045 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 8 38 theme meso-diaminopimelic 832:850 arg1 acid 852:855 meso-diaminopimelic acid 832:855 meso-diaminopimelic acid 832:855 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM0705(T) was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26133115 1 39 theme Populus 82:88 arg1 alba 90:93 Populus alba 82:93 Populus alba 82:93 nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of Populus alba. 26133115 7 40 theme polar 649:653 arg1 lipids 655:660 The dominant polar lipids 636:660 The dominant polar lipids 636:660 The dominant polar lipids were found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. 26133115 15 41 theme type 1586:1589 arg1 LAM0705 1601:1607 LAM0705 1601:1607 LAM0705 1601:1607 The type strain is LAM0705(T) (=ACCC 06427(T) = JCM 19843(T)). 26133115 15 41 theme type 1586:1589 arg1 strain 1591:1596 The type strain 1582:1596 The type strain 1582:1596 The type strain is LAM0705(T) (=ACCC 06427(T) = JCM 19843(T)). 26133115 11 42 theme agaridevorans 1116:1128 arg1 T 1139:1139 T 1139:1139 T 1139:1139 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 11 42 theme agaridevorans 1116:1128 arg1 1355 1134:1137 Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355 1102:1137 Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) 1102:1140 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 11 43 theme similarity 1027:1036 arg1 analysis 1038:1045 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 1000:1045 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 1000:1045 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 1 44 theme alba 90:93 arg1 rhizosphere 67:77 the rhizosphere 63:77 the rhizosphere of Populus alba 63:93 nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of Populus alba. 26133115 11 45 theme sequence 1209:1216 arg1 similarity 1218:1227 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity 1193:1227 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity 1193:1227 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 12 46 theme 0.8 1344:1346 arg1 ± 1342:1342 ± 1342:1342 ± 1342:1342 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0705(T) and P. agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) was 47 ± 0.8 %. 26133115 11 47 theme rRNA 1008:1011 arg1 similarity 1027:1036 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1000:1036 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 1000:1045 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 2 48 theme Populus 190:196 arg1 rhizosphere 175:185 the rhizosphere 171:185 the rhizosphere of Populus alba in the Peking University Third Hospital 171:241 A novel aerobic bacterium, designated strain LAM0705(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Populus alba in the Peking University Third Hospital. 26133115 11 49 dep % 1207:1207 arg1 96.1 1202:1205 96.1 1202:1205 96.1 1202:1205 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 11 49 dep % 1207:1207 arg1 97.8 1193:1196 97.8 1193:1196 97.8 1193:1196 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 2 50 dep Populus 190:196 arg1 alba 198:201 Populus alba 190:201 Populus alba 190:201 A novel aerobic bacterium, designated strain LAM0705(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Populus alba in the Peking University Third Hospital. 26133115 13 51 dep characteristics 1415:1429 arg1 the 1354:1356 the 1354:1356 the 1354:1356 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0705(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus populi sp. 26133115 13 51 dep characteristics 1415:1429 arg1 basis 1358:1362 basis 1358:1362 basis 1358:1362 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0705(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus populi sp. 26133115 11 52 theme Paenibacillus 1146:1158 arg1 KCTC 1174:1177 Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043 1146:1183 Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) 1146:1186 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 11 52 theme Paenibacillus 1146:1158 arg1 T 1185:1185 T 1185:1185 T 1185:1185 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 11 53 theme gene 1013:1016 arg1 similarity 1027:1036 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1000:1036 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 1000:1045 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 8 54 theme cell 766:769 arg1 peptidoglycan 776:788 The cell wall peptidoglycan 762:788 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM0705(T) 762:809 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM0705(T) was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26133115 3 55 theme strain 253:258 arg1 T 268:268 T 268:268 T 268:268 Cells of strain LAM0705(T) were observed to be Gram-stain positive, motile, spore-forming and rod-shaped. 26133115 3 55 theme strain 253:258 arg1 LAM0705 260:266 strain LAM0705 253:266 strain LAM0705(T) 253:269 Cells of strain LAM0705(T) were observed to be Gram-stain positive, motile, spore-forming and rod-shaped. 26133115 12 56 theme strain 1284:1289 arg1 T 1299:1299 T 1299:1299 T 1299:1299 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0705(T) and P. agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) was 47 ± 0.8 %. 26133115 12 56 theme strain 1284:1289 arg1 LAM0705 1291:1297 strain LAM0705 1284:1297 strain LAM0705(T) 1284:1300 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0705(T) and P. agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) was 47 ± 0.8 %. 26133115 5 57 dep presence 495:502 arg1 % 534:534 optimum 1.0 % 522:534 optimum 1.0 % 522:534 Strain LAM0705(T) was found to be able to grow in the presence 0-5 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 1.0 %). 26133115 5 57 dep presence 495:502 arg1 w/v 516:518 w/v 516:518 w/v 516:518 Strain LAM0705(T) was found to be able to grow in the presence 0-5 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 1.0 %). 26133115 5 57 dep presence 495:502 arg1 NaCl 510:513 0-5 % NaCl 504:513 the presence 0-5 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 1.0 %) 491:535 Strain LAM0705(T) was found to be able to grow in the presence 0-5 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 1.0 %). 26133115 13 58 theme phenotypic 1371:1380 arg1 characteristics 1415:1429 its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1367:1429 its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics 1367:1429 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0705(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus populi sp. 26133115 5 59 theme optimum 522:528 arg1 % 534:534 optimum 1.0 % 522:534 optimum 1.0 % 522:534 Strain LAM0705(T) was found to be able to grow in the presence 0-5 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 1.0 %). 26133115 5 59 theme optimum 522:528 arg1 NaCl 510:513 0-5 % NaCl 504:513 the presence 0-5 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 1.0 %) 491:535 Strain LAM0705(T) was found to be able to grow in the presence 0-5 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 1.0 %). 26133115 4 60 theme optimal 354:360 arg1 temperature 362:372 The optimal temperature 350:372 The optimal temperature 350:372 The optimal temperature and pH for growth were found to be 30 °C and pH 7.5, respectively. 26133115 4 60 theme optimal 354:360 arg1 °C 412:413 30 °C 409:413 30 °C 409:413 The optimal temperature and pH for growth were found to be 30 °C and pH 7.5, respectively. 26133115 11 61 theme strain 1062:1067 arg1 T 1077:1077 T 1077:1077 T 1077:1077 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 11 61 theme strain 1062:1067 arg1 LAM0705 1069:1075 strain LAM0705 1062:1075 strain LAM0705(T) 1062:1078 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 10 62 theme mol 960:962 arg1 % 963:963 48 mol% 957:963 48 mol% 957:963 The G+C content of genomic DNA was found to be 48 mol% when determined by the T m method. 26133115 10 62 theme mol 960:962 arg1 content 918:924 The G+C content 910:924 The G+C content of genomic DNA 910:939 The G+C content of genomic DNA was found to be 48 mol% when determined by the T m method. 26133115 15 63 theme = 1628:1628 arg1 19843 1634:1638 =ACCC 06427(T) = JCM 19843 1613:1638 =ACCC 06427(T) = JCM 19843(T) 1613:1641 The type strain is LAM0705(T) (=ACCC 06427(T) = JCM 19843(T)). 26133115 15 63 theme = 1628:1628 arg1 LAM0705 1601:1607 LAM0705 1601:1607 LAM0705 1601:1607 The type strain is LAM0705(T) (=ACCC 06427(T) = JCM 19843(T)). 26133115 15 63 theme = 1628:1628 arg1 T 1640:1640 T 1640:1640 T 1640:1640 The type strain is LAM0705(T) (=ACCC 06427(T) = JCM 19843(T)). 26133115 6 64 theme LAM0705 570:576 arg1 C16:0 615:619 C16:0 615:619 C16:0 615:619 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0705(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C16:0. 26133115 6 64 theme LAM0705 570:576 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 600:612 anteiso-C15:0 600:612 anteiso-C15:0 600:612 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0705(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C16:0. 26133115 6 64 theme LAM0705 570:576 arg1 acids 554:558 The major fatty acids 538:558 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0705(T) 538:579 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0705(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C16:0. 26133115 6 64 theme LAM0705 570:576 arg1 iso-C16:0 625:633 iso-C16:0 625:633 iso-C16:0 625:633 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0705(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C16:0. 26133115 1 65 dep bacterium 39:47 arg1 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov. 25:28 nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of Populus alba. 26133115 10 66 theme m 990:990 arg1 method 992:997 the T m method 984:997 the T m method 984:997 The G+C content of genomic DNA was found to be 48 mol% when determined by the T m method. 26133115 3 67 dep Gram-stain 291:300 arg1 positive 302:309 positive 302:309 positive 302:309 Cells of strain LAM0705(T) were observed to be Gram-stain positive, motile, spore-forming and rod-shaped. 26133115 12 68 theme hybridization 1256:1268 arg1 value 1270:1274 The DNA-DNA hybridization value 1244:1274 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0705(T) and P. agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) 1244:1333 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0705(T) and P. agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) was 47 ± 0.8 %. 26133115 0 69 dep sp 21:22 arg1 populi 14:19 Paenibacillus populi 0:19 Paenibacillus populi 0:19 Paenibacillus populi sp. 26133115 6 70 theme strain 563:568 arg1 T 578:578 T 578:578 T 578:578 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0705(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C16:0. 26133115 6 70 theme strain 563:568 arg1 LAM0705 570:576 strain LAM0705 563:576 strain LAM0705(T) 563:579 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0705(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C16:0. 26133115 13 71 theme name 1534:1537 arg1 sp 1560:1561 the name Paenibacillus populi sp 1530:1561 the name Paenibacillus populi sp 1530:1561 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0705(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus populi sp. 26133115 9 72 theme predominant 862:872 arg1 menaquinone 874:884 The predominant menaquinone 858:884 The predominant menaquinone 858:884 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7. 26133115 9 72 theme predominant 862:872 arg1 MK-7 904:907 MK-7 904:907 MK-7 904:907 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7. 26133115 10 73 theme T 988:988 arg1 method 992:997 the T m method 984:997 the T m method 984:997 The G+C content of genomic DNA was found to be 48 mol% when determined by the T m method. 26133115 13 74 theme Paenibacillus 1505:1517 arg1 genus 1499:1503 the genus Paenibacillus 1495:1517 the genus Paenibacillus 1495:1517 On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0705(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus populi sp. 26133115 12 75 theme DNA-DNA 1248:1254 arg1 hybridization 1256:1268 The DNA-DNA hybridization 1244:1268 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0705(T) and P. agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) 1244:1333 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0705(T) and P. agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) was 47 ± 0.8 %. 26133115 11 76 with KCTC 1174:1177 arg1 similarity 1218:1227 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity 1193:1227 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity 1193:1227 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 11 77 dep similarity 1218:1227 arg1 % 1207:1207 % 1207:1207 % 1207:1207 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LAM0705(T) is closely related to Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) and Paenibacillus thailandensis KCTC 13043(T) with 97.8 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. 26133115 2 78 theme aerobic 104:110 arg1 bacterium 112:120 A novel aerobic bacterium 96:120 A novel aerobic bacterium 96:120 A novel aerobic bacterium, designated strain LAM0705(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Populus alba in the Peking University Third Hospital. 26133115 1 79 theme novel 33:37 arg1 bacterium 39:47 a novel bacterium 31:47 a novel bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of Populus alba 31:93 nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of Populus alba. 26133115 12 80 theme agaridevorans 1309:1321 arg1 T 1332:1332 T 1332:1332 T 1332:1332 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0705(T) and P. agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) was 47 ± 0.8 %. 26133115 12 80 theme agaridevorans 1309:1321 arg1 1355 1327:1330 P. agaridevorans DSM 1355 1306:1330 P. agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) 1306:1333 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0705(T) and P. agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) was 47 ± 0.8 %. 26133115 15 81 theme JCM 1630:1632 arg1 19843 1634:1638 =ACCC 06427(T) = JCM 19843 1613:1638 =ACCC 06427(T) = JCM 19843(T) 1613:1641 The type strain is LAM0705(T) (=ACCC 06427(T) = JCM 19843(T)). 26133115 15 81 theme JCM 1630:1632 arg1 LAM0705 1601:1607 LAM0705 1601:1607 LAM0705 1601:1607 The type strain is LAM0705(T) (=ACCC 06427(T) = JCM 19843(T)). 26133115 15 81 theme JCM 1630:1632 arg1 T 1640:1640 T 1640:1640 T 1640:1640 The type strain is LAM0705(T) (=ACCC 06427(T) = JCM 19843(T)). 26133115 8 82 contain contain 824:830 arg2 acid 852:855 meso-diaminopimelic acid 832:855 meso-diaminopimelic acid 832:855 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM0705(T) was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 26133115 8 82 contain contain 824:830 arg1 peptidoglycan 776:788 The cell wall peptidoglycan 762:788 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM0705(T) 762:809 The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain LAM0705(T) was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27281343 2 0 from risk 388:391 arg1 glands 338:343 human apocrine glands 323:343 human apocrine glands 323:343 ABCC11 wild-type is responsible for the high-secretion phenotypes in human apocrine glands, such as that of wet-type ear wax, and the risk of axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 2 0 from risk 388:391 arg1 that 354:357 that 354:357 that 354:357 ABCC11 wild-type is responsible for the high-secretion phenotypes in human apocrine glands, such as that of wet-type ear wax, and the risk of axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 1 1 theme anions 246:251 arg1 variety 224:230 a variety 222:230 a variety of lipophilic anions 222:251 ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11) is a plasma membrane protein involved in the transport of a variety of lipophilic anions. 27281343 1 1 theme anions 246:251 arg1 anions 246:251 lipophilic anions 235:251 lipophilic anions 235:251 ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11) is a plasma membrane protein involved in the transport of a variety of lipophilic anions. 27281343 9 2 theme wild-type-expressing 1452:1471 arg1 cells 1473:1477 ABCC11 wild-type-expressing cells 1445:1477 ABCC11 wild-type-expressing cells 1445:1477 Moreover, the incubation of ABCC11 wild-type-expressing cells in a low-glucose condition decreased mature, glycosylated ABCC11, compared with the high-glucose condition. 27281343 10 3 theme glucose 1667:1673 arg1 condition 1675:1683 glucose condition 1667:1683 glucose condition 1667:1683 On the other hand, the protein level of the Q838/844 mutant was not affected by glucose condition. 27281343 8 4 theme Q838/844 1234:1241 arg1 mutant 1243:1248 the Q838/844 mutant 1230:1248 the Q838/844 mutant 1230:1248 Further biochemical studies with the Q838/844 mutant showed that this glycosylation-deficient ABCC11 was degraded faster than wild-type probably due to the enhancement of the MG132-sensitive protein degradation pathway. 27281343 7 5 theme mutant 1116:1121 arg1 half 1161:1164 about half 1155:1164 about half of the ABCC11 wild-type level 1155:1194 Immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that the protein level of the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant (N838Q and N844Q: Q838/844) was about half of the ABCC11 wild-type level. 27281343 7 5 theme mutant 1116:1121 arg1 level 1070:1074 the protein level 1058:1074 the protein level of the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant 1058:1121 Immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that the protein level of the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant (N838Q and N844Q: Q838/844) was about half of the ABCC11 wild-type level. 27281343 2 6 theme wild-type 261:269 arg1 ABCC11 254:259 ABCC11 wild-type 254:269 ABCC11 wild-type 254:269 ABCC11 wild-type is responsible for the high-secretion phenotypes in human apocrine glands, such as that of wet-type ear wax, and the risk of axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 1 7 theme plasma 169:174 arg1 protein 185:191 a plasma membrane protein 167:191 a plasma membrane protein involved in the transport of a variety of lipophilic anions 167:251 ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11) is a plasma membrane protein involved in the transport of a variety of lipophilic anions. 27281343 1 7 theme plasma 169:174 arg1 C11 151:153 ATP-binding cassette C11 130:153 ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11) 130:162 ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11) is a plasma membrane protein involved in the transport of a variety of lipophilic anions. 27281343 7 8 dep N838Q 1124:1128 arg1 Q838/844 1141:1148 Q838/844 1141:1148 Q838/844 1141:1148 Immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that the protein level of the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant (N838Q and N844Q: Q838/844) was about half of the ABCC11 wild-type level. 27281343 7 9 theme N-linked 1083:1090 arg1 mutant 1116:1121 the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant 1079:1121 the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant 1079:1121 Immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that the protein level of the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant (N838Q and N844Q: Q838/844) was about half of the ABCC11 wild-type level. 27281343 9 10 theme low-glucose 1484:1494 arg1 condition 1496:1504 a low-glucose condition 1482:1504 a low-glucose condition 1482:1504 Moreover, the incubation of ABCC11 wild-type-expressing cells in a low-glucose condition decreased mature, glycosylated ABCC11, compared with the high-glucose condition. 27281343 8 11 theme biochemical 1205:1215 arg1 studies 1217:1223 Further biochemical studies 1197:1223 Further biochemical studies with the Q838/844 mutant 1197:1248 Further biochemical studies with the Q838/844 mutant showed that this glycosylation-deficient ABCC11 was degraded faster than wild-type probably due to the enhancement of the MG132-sensitive protein degradation pathway. 27281343 7 12 theme ABCC11 1173:1178 arg1 level 1190:1194 the ABCC11 wild-type level 1169:1194 the ABCC11 wild-type level 1169:1194 Immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that the protein level of the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant (N838Q and N844Q: Q838/844) was about half of the ABCC11 wild-type level. 27281343 7 13 theme protein 1062:1068 arg1 half 1161:1164 about half 1155:1164 about half of the ABCC11 wild-type level 1155:1194 Immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that the protein level of the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant (N838Q and N844Q: Q838/844) was about half of the ABCC11 wild-type level. 27281343 7 13 theme protein 1062:1068 arg1 level 1070:1074 the protein level 1058:1074 the protein level of the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant 1058:1121 Immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that the protein level of the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant (N838Q and N844Q: Q838/844) was about half of the ABCC11 wild-type level. 27281343 5 14 from effects 681:687 arg1 localization 740:751 localization 740:751 localization 740:751 In the current study, we investigated the effects of N-linked glycosylation on the protein level and localization of ABCC11 using polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells. 27281343 5 14 from effects 681:687 arg1 level 730:734 protein level 722:734 protein level 722:734 In the current study, we investigated the effects of N-linked glycosylation on the protein level and localization of ABCC11 using polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells. 27281343 5 15 theme Madin-Darby 779:789 arg1 kidney 798:803 Madin-Darby canine kidney II 779:806 polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells 769:812 In the current study, we investigated the effects of N-linked glycosylation on the protein level and localization of ABCC11 using polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells. 27281343 5 16 theme current 646:652 arg1 study 654:658 the current study 642:658 the current study 642:658 In the current study, we investigated the effects of N-linked glycosylation on the protein level and localization of ABCC11 using polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells. 27281343 10 17 theme mutant 1640:1645 arg1 level 1618:1622 the protein level 1606:1622 the protein level of the Q838/844 mutant 1606:1645 On the other hand, the protein level of the Q838/844 mutant was not affected by glucose condition. 27281343 11 18 theme protein 1848:1854 arg1 level 1856:1860 the ABCC11 protein level 1837:1860 the ABCC11 protein level 1837:1860 These results suggest that N-linked glycosylation is important for the protein stability of ABCC11, and physiological alteration in glucose may affect the ABCC11 protein level and ABCC11-related phenotypes in humans, such as axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 1 19 theme ATP-binding 130:140 arg1 ABCC11 156:161 ABCC11 156:161 ABCC11 156:161 ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11) is a plasma membrane protein involved in the transport of a variety of lipophilic anions. 27281343 1 19 theme ATP-binding 130:140 arg1 C11 151:153 ATP-binding cassette C11 130:153 ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11) 130:162 ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11) is a plasma membrane protein involved in the transport of a variety of lipophilic anions. 27281343 1 19 theme ATP-binding 130:140 arg1 protein 185:191 a plasma membrane protein 167:191 a plasma membrane protein involved in the transport of a variety of lipophilic anions 167:251 ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11) is a plasma membrane protein involved in the transport of a variety of lipophilic anions. 27281343 0 20 theme Glucose 111:117 arg1 Condition 119:127 Glucose Condition 111:127 Glucose Condition 111:127 Regulation of the Axillary Osmidrosis-Associated ABCC11 Protein Stability by N-Linked Glycosylation: Effect of Glucose Condition. 27281343 8 21 theme pathway 1408:1414 arg1 enhancement 1353:1363 the enhancement 1349:1363 the enhancement of the MG132-sensitive protein degradation pathway 1349:1414 Further biochemical studies with the Q838/844 mutant showed that this glycosylation-deficient ABCC11 was degraded faster than wild-type probably due to the enhancement of the MG132-sensitive protein degradation pathway. 27281343 8 22 with studies 1217:1223 arg1 mutant 1243:1248 the Q838/844 mutant 1230:1248 the Q838/844 mutant 1230:1248 Further biochemical studies with the Q838/844 mutant showed that this glycosylation-deficient ABCC11 was degraded faster than wild-type probably due to the enhancement of the MG132-sensitive protein degradation pathway. 27281343 11 23 gly glycosylation 1722:1734 arg1 protein 1757:1763 the protein stability 1753:1773 the protein stability of ABCC11 1753:1783 These results suggest that N-linked glycosylation is important for the protein stability of ABCC11, and physiological alteration in glucose may affect the ABCC11 protein level and ABCC11-related phenotypes in humans, such as axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 11 23 gly glycosylation 1722:1734 arg1 ABCC11 1778:1783 ABCC11 1778:1783 ABCC11 1778:1783 These results suggest that N-linked glycosylation is important for the protein stability of ABCC11, and physiological alteration in glucose may affect the ABCC11 protein level and ABCC11-related phenotypes in humans, such as axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 6 24 theme protein 973:979 arg1 level 981:985 its protein level 969:985 its protein level 969:985 When the N-linked glycosylation in ABCC11-expressing cells was chemically inhibited by tunicamycin treatment, the maturation of ABCC11 was suppressed and its protein level was significantly decreased. 27281343 11 25 theme physiological 1790:1802 arg1 alteration 1804:1813 physiological alteration 1790:1813 physiological alteration in glucose 1790:1824 These results suggest that N-linked glycosylation is important for the protein stability of ABCC11, and physiological alteration in glucose may affect the ABCC11 protein level and ABCC11-related phenotypes in humans, such as axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 5 26 theme glycosylation 701:713 arg1 effects 681:687 the effects 677:687 the effects of N-linked glycosylation on the protein level and localization of ABCC11 677:761 In the current study, we investigated the effects of N-linked glycosylation on the protein level and localization of ABCC11 using polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells. 27281343 8 27 theme protein 1388:1394 arg1 pathway 1408:1414 the MG132-sensitive protein degradation pathway 1368:1414 the MG132-sensitive protein degradation pathway 1368:1414 Further biochemical studies with the Q838/844 mutant showed that this glycosylation-deficient ABCC11 was degraded faster than wild-type probably due to the enhancement of the MG132-sensitive protein degradation pathway. 27281343 2 28 theme ear 371:373 arg1 wax 375:377 wet-type ear wax 362:377 wet-type ear wax 362:377 ABCC11 wild-type is responsible for the high-secretion phenotypes in human apocrine glands, such as that of wet-type ear wax, and the risk of axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 5 29 theme polarized 769:777 arg1 cells 808:812 polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells 769:812 polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells 769:812 In the current study, we investigated the effects of N-linked glycosylation on the protein level and localization of ABCC11 using polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells. 27281343 7 30 theme glycosylation-deficient 1092:1114 arg1 mutant 1116:1121 the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant 1079:1121 the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant 1079:1121 Immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that the protein level of the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant (N838Q and N844Q: Q838/844) was about half of the ABCC11 wild-type level. 27281343 2 31 theme osmidrosis 405:414 arg1 risk 388:391 the risk 384:391 the risk of axillary osmidrosis 384:414 ABCC11 wild-type is responsible for the high-secretion phenotypes in human apocrine glands, such as that of wet-type ear wax, and the risk of axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 2 31 theme osmidrosis 405:414 arg1 phenotypes 309:318 the high-secretion phenotypes 290:318 the high-secretion phenotypes in human apocrine glands, such as that of wet-type ear wax, 290:378 ABCC11 wild-type is responsible for the high-secretion phenotypes in human apocrine glands, such as that of wet-type ear wax, and the risk of axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 5 32 gly glycosylation 701:713 arg1 ABCC11 756:761 ABCC11 756:761 ABCC11 756:761 In the current study, we investigated the effects of N-linked glycosylation on the protein level and localization of ABCC11 using polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells. 27281343 5 32 gly glycosylation 701:713 arg1 protein 722:728 protein level 722:734 protein level 722:734 In the current study, we investigated the effects of N-linked glycosylation on the protein level and localization of ABCC11 using polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells. 27281343 6 33 gly glycosylation 833:845 arg1 cells 868:872 ABCC11-expressing cells 850:872 ABCC11-expressing cells 850:872 When the N-linked glycosylation in ABCC11-expressing cells was chemically inhibited by tunicamycin treatment, the maturation of ABCC11 was suppressed and its protein level was significantly decreased. 27281343 5 34 theme canine 791:796 arg1 kidney 798:803 Madin-Darby canine kidney II 779:806 polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells 769:812 In the current study, we investigated the effects of N-linked glycosylation on the protein level and localization of ABCC11 using polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells. 27281343 4 35 link N-linked 579:586 arg1 glycosylation 588:600 N-linked glycosylation 579:600 N-linked glycosylation 579:600 However, little is known about the role of N-linked glycosylation in the regulation of ABCC11 protein. 27281343 4 36 theme ABCC11 623:628 arg1 protein 630:636 ABCC11 protein 623:636 ABCC11 protein 623:636 However, little is known about the role of N-linked glycosylation in the regulation of ABCC11 protein. 27281343 0 37 theme Osmidrosis-Associated 27:47 arg1 Stability 64:72 the Axillary Osmidrosis-Associated ABCC11 Protein Stability 14:72 the Axillary Osmidrosis-Associated ABCC11 Protein Stability 14:72 Regulation of the Axillary Osmidrosis-Associated ABCC11 Protein Stability by N-Linked Glycosylation: Effect of Glucose Condition. 27281343 5 38 theme ABCC11 756:761 arg1 localization 740:751 localization 740:751 localization 740:751 In the current study, we investigated the effects of N-linked glycosylation on the protein level and localization of ABCC11 using polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells. 27281343 5 38 theme ABCC11 756:761 arg1 level 730:734 protein level 722:734 protein level 722:734 In the current study, we investigated the effects of N-linked glycosylation on the protein level and localization of ABCC11 using polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells. 27281343 9 39 dep mature 1516:1521 arg1 glycosylated 1524:1535 glycosylated 1524:1535 glycosylated 1524:1535 Moreover, the incubation of ABCC11 wild-type-expressing cells in a low-glucose condition decreased mature, glycosylated ABCC11, compared with the high-glucose condition. 27281343 3 40 theme mature 450:455 arg1 ABCC11 457:462 mature ABCC11 450:462 mature ABCC11 450:462 We have previously reported that mature ABCC11 is a glycoprotein containing two N-linked glycans at Asn838 and Asn844. 27281343 3 40 theme mature 450:455 arg1 glycoprotein 469:480 a glycoprotein 467:480 a glycoprotein containing two N-linked glycans at Asn838 and Asn844 467:533 We have previously reported that mature ABCC11 is a glycoprotein containing two N-linked glycans at Asn838 and Asn844. 27281343 8 41 dep faster 1311:1316 arg1 enhancement 1353:1363 the enhancement 1349:1363 the enhancement of the MG132-sensitive protein degradation pathway 1349:1414 Further biochemical studies with the Q838/844 mutant showed that this glycosylation-deficient ABCC11 was degraded faster than wild-type probably due to the enhancement of the MG132-sensitive protein degradation pathway. 27281343 10 42 theme other 1594:1598 arg1 hand 1600:1603 the other hand 1590:1603 the other hand 1590:1603 On the other hand, the protein level of the Q838/844 mutant was not affected by glucose condition. 27281343 11 43 theme axillary 1911:1918 arg1 osmidrosis 1920:1929 axillary osmidrosis 1911:1929 axillary osmidrosis 1911:1929 These results suggest that N-linked glycosylation is important for the protein stability of ABCC11, and physiological alteration in glucose may affect the ABCC11 protein level and ABCC11-related phenotypes in humans, such as axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 1 44 theme variety 224:230 arg1 transport 209:217 the transport 205:217 the transport of a variety of lipophilic anions 205:251 ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11) is a plasma membrane protein involved in the transport of a variety of lipophilic anions. 27281343 6 45 theme tunicamycin 902:912 arg1 treatment 914:922 tunicamycin treatment 902:922 tunicamycin treatment 902:922 When the N-linked glycosylation in ABCC11-expressing cells was chemically inhibited by tunicamycin treatment, the maturation of ABCC11 was suppressed and its protein level was significantly decreased. 27281343 0 46 dep Regulation 0:9 arg1 Effect 101:106 Effect 101:106 Regulation of the Axillary Osmidrosis-Associated ABCC11 Protein Stability by N-Linked Glycosylation: Effect of Glucose Condition. 0:128 Regulation of the Axillary Osmidrosis-Associated ABCC11 Protein Stability by N-Linked Glycosylation: Effect of Glucose Condition. 27281343 11 47 link N-linked 1713:1720 arg1 glycosylation 1722:1734 N-linked glycosylation 1713:1734 N-linked glycosylation 1713:1734 These results suggest that N-linked glycosylation is important for the protein stability of ABCC11, and physiological alteration in glucose may affect the ABCC11 protein level and ABCC11-related phenotypes in humans, such as axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 5 48 theme protein 722:728 arg1 level 730:734 protein level 722:734 protein level 722:734 In the current study, we investigated the effects of N-linked glycosylation on the protein level and localization of ABCC11 using polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells. 27281343 1 49 theme lipophilic 235:244 arg1 anions 246:251 lipophilic anions 235:251 lipophilic anions 235:251 ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11) is a plasma membrane protein involved in the transport of a variety of lipophilic anions. 27281343 11 50 from level 1856:1860 arg1 humans 1895:1900 humans 1895:1900 humans 1895:1900 These results suggest that N-linked glycosylation is important for the protein stability of ABCC11, and physiological alteration in glucose may affect the ABCC11 protein level and ABCC11-related phenotypes in humans, such as axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 10 51 theme protein 1610:1616 arg1 level 1618:1622 the protein level 1606:1622 the protein level of the Q838/844 mutant 1606:1645 On the other hand, the protein level of the Q838/844 mutant was not affected by glucose condition. 27281343 5 52 link N-linked 692:699 arg1 glycosylation 701:713 N-linked glycosylation 692:713 N-linked glycosylation 692:713 In the current study, we investigated the effects of N-linked glycosylation on the protein level and localization of ABCC11 using polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells. 27281343 9 53 theme ABCC11 1445:1450 arg1 cells 1473:1477 ABCC11 wild-type-expressing cells 1445:1477 ABCC11 wild-type-expressing cells 1445:1477 Moreover, the incubation of ABCC11 wild-type-expressing cells in a low-glucose condition decreased mature, glycosylated ABCC11, compared with the high-glucose condition. 27281343 4 54 gly glycosylation 588:600 arg1 protein 630:636 ABCC11 protein 623:636 ABCC11 protein 623:636 However, little is known about the role of N-linked glycosylation in the regulation of ABCC11 protein. 27281343 9 55 theme cells 1473:1477 arg1 incubation 1431:1440 the incubation 1427:1440 the incubation of ABCC11 wild-type-expressing cells in a low-glucose condition 1427:1504 Moreover, the incubation of ABCC11 wild-type-expressing cells in a low-glucose condition decreased mature, glycosylated ABCC11, compared with the high-glucose condition. 27281343 0 56 theme Protein 56:62 arg1 Stability 64:72 the Axillary Osmidrosis-Associated ABCC11 Protein Stability 14:72 the Axillary Osmidrosis-Associated ABCC11 Protein Stability 14:72 Regulation of the Axillary Osmidrosis-Associated ABCC11 Protein Stability by N-Linked Glycosylation: Effect of Glucose Condition. 27281343 6 57 theme ABCC11-expressing 850:866 arg1 cells 868:872 ABCC11-expressing cells 850:872 ABCC11-expressing cells 850:872 When the N-linked glycosylation in ABCC11-expressing cells was chemically inhibited by tunicamycin treatment, the maturation of ABCC11 was suppressed and its protein level was significantly decreased. 27281343 10 58 theme Q838/844 1631:1638 arg1 mutant 1640:1645 the Q838/844 mutant 1627:1645 the Q838/844 mutant 1627:1645 On the other hand, the protein level of the Q838/844 mutant was not affected by glucose condition. 27281343 1 59 theme membrane 176:183 arg1 protein 185:191 a plasma membrane protein 167:191 a plasma membrane protein involved in the transport of a variety of lipophilic anions 167:251 ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11) is a plasma membrane protein involved in the transport of a variety of lipophilic anions. 27281343 1 59 theme membrane 176:183 arg1 C11 151:153 ATP-binding cassette C11 130:153 ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11) 130:162 ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11) is a plasma membrane protein involved in the transport of a variety of lipophilic anions. 27281343 4 60 theme protein 630:636 arg1 regulation 609:618 the regulation 605:618 the regulation of ABCC11 protein 605:636 However, little is known about the role of N-linked glycosylation in the regulation of ABCC11 protein. 27281343 6 61 from glycosylation 833:845 arg1 cells 868:872 ABCC11-expressing cells 850:872 ABCC11-expressing cells 850:872 When the N-linked glycosylation in ABCC11-expressing cells was chemically inhibited by tunicamycin treatment, the maturation of ABCC11 was suppressed and its protein level was significantly decreased. 27281343 11 62 theme ABCC11 1841:1846 arg1 level 1856:1860 the ABCC11 protein level 1837:1860 the ABCC11 protein level 1837:1860 These results suggest that N-linked glycosylation is important for the protein stability of ABCC11, and physiological alteration in glucose may affect the ABCC11 protein level and ABCC11-related phenotypes in humans, such as axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 2 63 theme high-secretion 294:307 arg1 phenotypes 309:318 the high-secretion phenotypes 290:318 the high-secretion phenotypes in human apocrine glands, such as that of wet-type ear wax, 290:378 ABCC11 wild-type is responsible for the high-secretion phenotypes in human apocrine glands, such as that of wet-type ear wax, and the risk of axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 5 64 theme kidney 798:803 arg1 cells 808:812 polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells 769:812 polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells 769:812 In the current study, we investigated the effects of N-linked glycosylation on the protein level and localization of ABCC11 using polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells. 27281343 6 65 theme ABCC11 943:948 arg1 maturation 929:938 the maturation 925:938 the maturation of ABCC11 925:948 When the N-linked glycosylation in ABCC11-expressing cells was chemically inhibited by tunicamycin treatment, the maturation of ABCC11 was suppressed and its protein level was significantly decreased. 27281343 5 66 dep level 730:734 arg1 the 718:720 the 718:720 the 718:720 In the current study, we investigated the effects of N-linked glycosylation on the protein level and localization of ABCC11 using polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells. 27281343 4 67 theme glycosylation 588:600 arg1 role 571:574 the role 567:574 the role of N-linked glycosylation in the regulation of ABCC11 protein 567:636 However, little is known about the role of N-linked glycosylation in the regulation of ABCC11 protein. 27281343 9 68 theme mature 1516:1521 arg1 ABCC11 1537:1542 mature, glycosylated ABCC11 1516:1542 mature, glycosylated ABCC11 1516:1542 Moreover, the incubation of ABCC11 wild-type-expressing cells in a low-glucose condition decreased mature, glycosylated ABCC11, compared with the high-glucose condition. 27281343 8 69 theme Further 1197:1203 arg1 studies 1217:1223 Further biochemical studies 1197:1223 Further biochemical studies with the Q838/844 mutant 1197:1248 Further biochemical studies with the Q838/844 mutant showed that this glycosylation-deficient ABCC11 was degraded faster than wild-type probably due to the enhancement of the MG132-sensitive protein degradation pathway. 27281343 3 70 link N-linked 497:504 arg1 glycans 506:512 two N-linked glycans 493:512 two N-linked glycans 493:512 We have previously reported that mature ABCC11 is a glycoprotein containing two N-linked glycans at Asn838 and Asn844. 27281343 8 71 theme glycosylation-deficient 1267:1289 arg1 ABCC11 1291:1296 this glycosylation-deficient ABCC11 1262:1296 this glycosylation-deficient ABCC11 1262:1296 Further biochemical studies with the Q838/844 mutant showed that this glycosylation-deficient ABCC11 was degraded faster than wild-type probably due to the enhancement of the MG132-sensitive protein degradation pathway. 27281343 11 72 theme ABCC11-related 1866:1879 arg1 phenotypes 1881:1890 ABCC11-related phenotypes 1866:1890 ABCC11-related phenotypes 1866:1890 These results suggest that N-linked glycosylation is important for the protein stability of ABCC11, and physiological alteration in glucose may affect the ABCC11 protein level and ABCC11-related phenotypes in humans, such as axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 11 72 theme ABCC11-related 1866:1879 arg1 osmidrosis 1920:1929 axillary osmidrosis 1911:1929 axillary osmidrosis 1911:1929 These results suggest that N-linked glycosylation is important for the protein stability of ABCC11, and physiological alteration in glucose may affect the ABCC11 protein level and ABCC11-related phenotypes in humans, such as axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 7 73 theme Immunoblotting 1016:1029 arg1 analyses 1031:1038 Immunoblotting analyses 1016:1038 Immunoblotting analyses 1016:1038 Immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that the protein level of the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant (N838Q and N844Q: Q838/844) was about half of the ABCC11 wild-type level. 27281343 1 74 theme cassette 142:149 arg1 ABCC11 156:161 ABCC11 156:161 ABCC11 156:161 ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11) is a plasma membrane protein involved in the transport of a variety of lipophilic anions. 27281343 1 74 theme cassette 142:149 arg1 C11 151:153 ATP-binding cassette C11 130:153 ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11) 130:162 ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11) is a plasma membrane protein involved in the transport of a variety of lipophilic anions. 27281343 1 74 theme cassette 142:149 arg1 protein 185:191 a plasma membrane protein 167:191 a plasma membrane protein involved in the transport of a variety of lipophilic anions 167:251 ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11) is a plasma membrane protein involved in the transport of a variety of lipophilic anions. 27281343 2 75 theme apocrine 329:336 arg1 glands 338:343 human apocrine glands 323:343 human apocrine glands 323:343 ABCC11 wild-type is responsible for the high-secretion phenotypes in human apocrine glands, such as that of wet-type ear wax, and the risk of axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 2 75 theme apocrine 329:336 arg1 that 354:357 that 354:357 that 354:357 ABCC11 wild-type is responsible for the high-secretion phenotypes in human apocrine glands, such as that of wet-type ear wax, and the risk of axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 0 76 theme N-Linked 77:84 arg1 Glycosylation 86:98 N-Linked Glycosylation 77:98 N-Linked Glycosylation 77:98 Regulation of the Axillary Osmidrosis-Associated ABCC11 Protein Stability by N-Linked Glycosylation: Effect of Glucose Condition. 27281343 3 77 contain containing 482:491 arg2 glycans 506:512 two N-linked glycans 493:512 two N-linked glycans 493:512 We have previously reported that mature ABCC11 is a glycoprotein containing two N-linked glycans at Asn838 and Asn844. 27281343 3 77 contain containing 482:491 arg1 ABCC11 457:462 mature ABCC11 450:462 mature ABCC11 450:462 We have previously reported that mature ABCC11 is a glycoprotein containing two N-linked glycans at Asn838 and Asn844. 27281343 3 77 contain containing 482:491 arg1 glycoprotein 469:480 a glycoprotein 467:480 a glycoprotein containing two N-linked glycans at Asn838 and Asn844 467:533 We have previously reported that mature ABCC11 is a glycoprotein containing two N-linked glycans at Asn838 and Asn844. 27281343 11 78 theme ABCC11 1778:1783 arg1 stability 1765:1773 the protein stability 1753:1773 the protein stability of ABCC11 1753:1783 These results suggest that N-linked glycosylation is important for the protein stability of ABCC11, and physiological alteration in glucose may affect the ABCC11 protein level and ABCC11-related phenotypes in humans, such as axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 4 79 from role 571:574 arg1 regulation 609:618 the regulation 605:618 the regulation of ABCC11 protein 605:636 However, little is known about the role of N-linked glycosylation in the regulation of ABCC11 protein. 27281343 9 80 theme high-glucose 1563:1574 arg1 condition 1576:1584 the high-glucose condition 1559:1584 the high-glucose condition 1559:1584 Moreover, the incubation of ABCC11 wild-type-expressing cells in a low-glucose condition decreased mature, glycosylated ABCC11, compared with the high-glucose condition. 27281343 11 81 from alteration 1804:1813 arg1 glucose 1818:1824 glucose 1818:1824 glucose 1818:1824 These results suggest that N-linked glycosylation is important for the protein stability of ABCC11, and physiological alteration in glucose may affect the ABCC11 protein level and ABCC11-related phenotypes in humans, such as axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 7 82 dep half 1161:1164 arg1 N838Q 1124:1128 N838Q 1124:1128 N838Q 1124:1128 Immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that the protein level of the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant (N838Q and N844Q: Q838/844) was about half of the ABCC11 wild-type level. 27281343 7 82 dep half 1161:1164 arg1 N844Q 1134:1138 N844Q 1134:1138 N844Q 1134:1138 Immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that the protein level of the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant (N838Q and N844Q: Q838/844) was about half of the ABCC11 wild-type level. 27281343 7 83 theme level 1190:1194 arg1 half 1161:1164 about half 1155:1164 about half of the ABCC11 wild-type level 1155:1194 Immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that the protein level of the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant (N838Q and N844Q: Q838/844) was about half of the ABCC11 wild-type level. 27281343 7 83 theme level 1190:1194 arg1 level 1070:1074 the protein level 1058:1074 the protein level of the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant 1058:1121 Immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that the protein level of the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant (N838Q and N844Q: Q838/844) was about half of the ABCC11 wild-type level. 27281343 2 84 from phenotypes 309:318 arg1 glands 338:343 human apocrine glands 323:343 human apocrine glands 323:343 ABCC11 wild-type is responsible for the high-secretion phenotypes in human apocrine glands, such as that of wet-type ear wax, and the risk of axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 2 84 from phenotypes 309:318 arg1 that 354:357 that 354:357 that 354:357 ABCC11 wild-type is responsible for the high-secretion phenotypes in human apocrine glands, such as that of wet-type ear wax, and the risk of axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 2 85 theme human 323:327 arg1 glands 338:343 human apocrine glands 323:343 human apocrine glands 323:343 ABCC11 wild-type is responsible for the high-secretion phenotypes in human apocrine glands, such as that of wet-type ear wax, and the risk of axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 2 85 theme human 323:327 arg1 that 354:357 that 354:357 that 354:357 ABCC11 wild-type is responsible for the high-secretion phenotypes in human apocrine glands, such as that of wet-type ear wax, and the risk of axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 0 86 theme Condition 119:127 arg1 Effect 101:106 Effect 101:106 Regulation of the Axillary Osmidrosis-Associated ABCC11 Protein Stability by N-Linked Glycosylation: Effect of Glucose Condition. 0:128 Regulation of the Axillary Osmidrosis-Associated ABCC11 Protein Stability by N-Linked Glycosylation: Effect of Glucose Condition. 27281343 11 87 from phenotypes 1881:1890 arg1 humans 1895:1900 humans 1895:1900 humans 1895:1900 These results suggest that N-linked glycosylation is important for the protein stability of ABCC11, and physiological alteration in glucose may affect the ABCC11 protein level and ABCC11-related phenotypes in humans, such as axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 3 88 gly glycoprotein 469:480 arg1 ABCC11 457:462 mature ABCC11 450:462 mature ABCC11 450:462 We have previously reported that mature ABCC11 is a glycoprotein containing two N-linked glycans at Asn838 and Asn844. 27281343 3 88 gly glycoprotein 469:480 arg1 glycoprotein 469:480 a glycoprotein 467:480 a glycoprotein containing two N-linked glycans at Asn838 and Asn844 467:533 We have previously reported that mature ABCC11 is a glycoprotein containing two N-linked glycans at Asn838 and Asn844. 27281343 7 89 link N-linked 1083:1090 arg1 mutant 1116:1121 the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant 1079:1121 the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant 1079:1121 Immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that the protein level of the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant (N838Q and N844Q: Q838/844) was about half of the ABCC11 wild-type level. 27281343 8 90 theme MG132-sensitive 1372:1386 arg1 pathway 1408:1414 the MG132-sensitive protein degradation pathway 1368:1414 the MG132-sensitive protein degradation pathway 1368:1414 Further biochemical studies with the Q838/844 mutant showed that this glycosylation-deficient ABCC11 was degraded faster than wild-type probably due to the enhancement of the MG132-sensitive protein degradation pathway. 27281343 2 91 theme wet-type 362:369 arg1 wax 375:377 wet-type ear wax 362:377 wet-type ear wax 362:377 ABCC11 wild-type is responsible for the high-secretion phenotypes in human apocrine glands, such as that of wet-type ear wax, and the risk of axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 0 92 theme Axillary 18:25 arg1 Stability 64:72 the Axillary Osmidrosis-Associated ABCC11 Protein Stability 14:72 the Axillary Osmidrosis-Associated ABCC11 Protein Stability 14:72 Regulation of the Axillary Osmidrosis-Associated ABCC11 Protein Stability by N-Linked Glycosylation: Effect of Glucose Condition. 27281343 2 93 theme axillary 396:403 arg1 osmidrosis 405:414 axillary osmidrosis 396:414 axillary osmidrosis 396:414 ABCC11 wild-type is responsible for the high-secretion phenotypes in human apocrine glands, such as that of wet-type ear wax, and the risk of axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 8 94 theme degradation 1396:1406 arg1 pathway 1408:1414 the MG132-sensitive protein degradation pathway 1368:1414 the MG132-sensitive protein degradation pathway 1368:1414 Further biochemical studies with the Q838/844 mutant showed that this glycosylation-deficient ABCC11 was degraded faster than wild-type probably due to the enhancement of the MG132-sensitive protein degradation pathway. 27281343 0 95 theme ABCC11 49:54 arg1 Stability 64:72 the Axillary Osmidrosis-Associated ABCC11 Protein Stability 14:72 the Axillary Osmidrosis-Associated ABCC11 Protein Stability 14:72 Regulation of the Axillary Osmidrosis-Associated ABCC11 Protein Stability by N-Linked Glycosylation: Effect of Glucose Condition. 27281343 9 96 from incubation 1431:1440 arg1 condition 1496:1504 a low-glucose condition 1482:1504 a low-glucose condition 1482:1504 Moreover, the incubation of ABCC11 wild-type-expressing cells in a low-glucose condition decreased mature, glycosylated ABCC11, compared with the high-glucose condition. 27281343 6 97 theme N-linked 824:831 arg1 glycosylation 833:845 the N-linked glycosylation 820:845 the N-linked glycosylation in ABCC11-expressing cells 820:872 When the N-linked glycosylation in ABCC11-expressing cells was chemically inhibited by tunicamycin treatment, the maturation of ABCC11 was suppressed and its protein level was significantly decreased. 27281343 11 98 theme N-linked 1713:1720 arg1 glycosylation 1722:1734 N-linked glycosylation 1713:1734 N-linked glycosylation 1713:1734 These results suggest that N-linked glycosylation is important for the protein stability of ABCC11, and physiological alteration in glucose may affect the ABCC11 protein level and ABCC11-related phenotypes in humans, such as axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 7 99 theme wild-type 1180:1188 arg1 level 1190:1194 the ABCC11 wild-type level 1169:1194 the ABCC11 wild-type level 1169:1194 Immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that the protein level of the N-linked glycosylation-deficient mutant (N838Q and N844Q: Q838/844) was about half of the ABCC11 wild-type level. 27281343 0 100 theme Stability 64:72 arg1 Regulation 0:9 Regulation 0:9 Regulation of the Axillary Osmidrosis-Associated ABCC11 Protein Stability by N-Linked Glycosylation: Effect of Glucose Condition. 0:128 Regulation of the Axillary Osmidrosis-Associated ABCC11 Protein Stability by N-Linked Glycosylation: Effect of Glucose Condition. 27281343 11 101 theme protein 1757:1763 arg1 stability 1765:1773 the protein stability 1753:1773 the protein stability of ABCC11 1753:1783 These results suggest that N-linked glycosylation is important for the protein stability of ABCC11, and physiological alteration in glucose may affect the ABCC11 protein level and ABCC11-related phenotypes in humans, such as axillary osmidrosis. 27281343 5 102 theme N-linked 692:699 arg1 glycosylation 701:713 N-linked glycosylation 692:713 N-linked glycosylation 692:713 In the current study, we investigated the effects of N-linked glycosylation on the protein level and localization of ABCC11 using polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells. 27281343 6 103 link N-linked 824:831 arg1 glycosylation 833:845 the N-linked glycosylation 820:845 the N-linked glycosylation in ABCC11-expressing cells 820:872 When the N-linked glycosylation in ABCC11-expressing cells was chemically inhibited by tunicamycin treatment, the maturation of ABCC11 was suppressed and its protein level was significantly decreased. 27281343 4 104 theme N-linked 579:586 arg1 glycosylation 588:600 N-linked glycosylation 579:600 N-linked glycosylation 579:600 However, little is known about the role of N-linked glycosylation in the regulation of ABCC11 protein. 27281343 3 105 theme N-linked 497:504 arg1 glycans 506:512 two N-linked glycans 493:512 two N-linked glycans 493:512 We have previously reported that mature ABCC11 is a glycoprotein containing two N-linked glycans at Asn838 and Asn844. 29089449 5 0 from MD2 861:863 arg1 cells 897:901 transfected HEK 293 cells 877:901 transfected HEK 293 cells 877:901 Quantitative superresolved data showed that TLR4 was monomeric in the absence of its co-receptors MD2 and CD14 in transfected HEK 293 cells. 29089449 7 1 theme complexes 1125:1133 arg1 formation 1099:1107 the formation 1095:1107 the formation of dimeric TLR4 complexes 1095:1133 LPS from Escherichia coli or Salmonella minnesota caused the formation of dimeric TLR4 complexes, whereas the antagonistic LPS chemotype from Rhodobacter sphaeroides maintained TLR4 in monomeric form at the cell surface. 29089449 7 2 from sphaeroides 1192:1202 arg1 chemotype 1165:1173 the antagonistic LPS chemotype 1144:1173 the antagonistic LPS chemotype from Rhodobacter sphaeroides 1144:1202 LPS from Escherichia coli or Salmonella minnesota caused the formation of dimeric TLR4 complexes, whereas the antagonistic LPS chemotype from Rhodobacter sphaeroides maintained TLR4 in monomeric form at the cell surface. 29089449 2 3 theme MyD88-dependent 355:369 arg1 pathways 324:331 two different signaling pathways 300:331 two different signaling pathways 300:331 Upon recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, TLR4 dimerizes and can stimulate two different signaling pathways, the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway and the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway. 29089449 2 3 theme MyD88-dependent 355:369 arg1 pathway 371:377 the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway 334:377 pathway 371:377 Upon recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, TLR4 dimerizes and can stimulate two different signaling pathways, the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway and the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway. 29089449 7 4 from coli 1059:1062 arg1 LPS 1038:1040 LPS 1038:1040 LPS from Escherichia coli or Salmonella minnesota 1038:1086 LPS from Escherichia coli or Salmonella minnesota caused the formation of dimeric TLR4 complexes, whereas the antagonistic LPS chemotype from Rhodobacter sphaeroides maintained TLR4 in monomeric form at the cell surface. 29089449 7 5 theme TLR4 1120:1123 arg1 complexes 1125:1133 dimeric TLR4 complexes 1112:1133 dimeric TLR4 complexes 1112:1133 LPS from Escherichia coli or Salmonella minnesota caused the formation of dimeric TLR4 complexes, whereas the antagonistic LPS chemotype from Rhodobacter sphaeroides maintained TLR4 in monomeric form at the cell surface. 29089449 3 6 theme invading 531:538 arg1 pathogen 540:547 the invading pathogen 527:547 the invading pathogen 527:547 The balance between these two pathways is ligand-dependent, and ligand composition determines whether the invading pathogen activates or evades the host immune response. 29089449 9 7 theme cellular 1444:1451 arg1 environment 1453:1463 the cellular environment 1440:1463 the cellular environment 1440:1463 Together, these data demonstrate ligand-dependent dimerization of TLR4 in the cellular environment, which could pave the way for a molecular understanding of biased signaling downstream of the receptor. 29089449 4 8 from behavior 628:635 arg1 cells 655:659 intact cells 648:659 intact cells 648:659 We investigated the dimerization behavior of TLR4 in intact cells in response to different LPS chemotypes through quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy. 29089449 4 9 dep chemotypes 690:699 arg1 response 664:671 response 664:671 response 664:671 We investigated the dimerization behavior of TLR4 in intact cells in response to different LPS chemotypes through quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy. 29089449 7 10 theme dimeric 1112:1118 arg1 complexes 1125:1133 dimeric TLR4 complexes 1112:1133 dimeric TLR4 complexes 1112:1133 LPS from Escherichia coli or Salmonella minnesota caused the formation of dimeric TLR4 complexes, whereas the antagonistic LPS chemotype from Rhodobacter sphaeroides maintained TLR4 in monomeric form at the cell surface. 29089449 4 11 theme LPS 686:688 arg1 chemotypes 690:699 different LPS chemotypes 676:699 different LPS chemotypes 676:699 We investigated the dimerization behavior of TLR4 in intact cells in response to different LPS chemotypes through quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy. 29089449 7 12 theme monomeric 1223:1231 arg1 form 1233:1236 monomeric form 1223:1236 monomeric form 1223:1236 LPS from Escherichia coli or Salmonella minnesota caused the formation of dimeric TLR4 complexes, whereas the antagonistic LPS chemotype from Rhodobacter sphaeroides maintained TLR4 in monomeric form at the cell surface. 29089449 9 13 theme signaling 1531:1539 arg1 understanding 1507:1519 a molecular understanding 1495:1519 a molecular understanding of biased signaling 1495:1539 Together, these data demonstrate ligand-dependent dimerization of TLR4 in the cellular environment, which could pave the way for a molecular understanding of biased signaling downstream of the receptor. 29089449 6 14 theme receptors 991:999 arg1 % 982:982 52% 980:982 52% of the receptors 980:999 When TLR4 was present together with MD2 and CD14 but in the absence of LPS, 52% of the receptors were monomeric and 48% were dimeric. 29089449 6 14 theme receptors 991:999 arg1 receptors 991:999 the receptors 987:999 the receptors 987:999 When TLR4 was present together with MD2 and CD14 but in the absence of LPS, 52% of the receptors were monomeric and 48% were dimeric. 29089449 3 15 theme host 573:576 arg1 response 585:592 the host immune response 569:592 the host immune response 569:592 The balance between these two pathways is ligand-dependent, and ligand composition determines whether the invading pathogen activates or evades the host immune response. 29089449 4 16 theme dimerization 615:626 arg1 behavior 628:635 the dimerization behavior 611:635 the dimerization behavior of TLR4 in intact cells 611:659 We investigated the dimerization behavior of TLR4 in intact cells in response to different LPS chemotypes through quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy. 29089449 9 17 theme TLR4 1432:1435 arg1 dimerization 1416:1427 ligand-dependent dimerization 1399:1427 ligand-dependent dimerization of TLR4 in the cellular environment, which could pave the way for a molecular understanding of biased signaling downstream of the receptor 1399:1566 Together, these data demonstrate ligand-dependent dimerization of TLR4 in the cellular environment, which could pave the way for a molecular understanding of biased signaling downstream of the receptor. 29089449 2 18 theme MyD88-independent 398:414 arg1 pathways 324:331 two different signaling pathways 300:331 two different signaling pathways 300:331 Upon recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, TLR4 dimerizes and can stimulate two different signaling pathways, the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway and the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway. 29089449 2 18 theme MyD88-independent 398:414 arg1 pathway 416:422 the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway 383:422 pathway 416:422 Upon recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, TLR4 dimerizes and can stimulate two different signaling pathways, the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway and the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway. 29089449 5 19 theme MD2 861:863 arg1 absence 833:839 the absence 829:839 the absence of its co-receptors MD2 and CD14 in transfected HEK 293 cells 829:901 Quantitative superresolved data showed that TLR4 was monomeric in the absence of its co-receptors MD2 and CD14 in transfected HEK 293 cells. 29089449 5 20 theme CD14 869:872 arg1 absence 833:839 the absence 829:839 the absence of its co-receptors MD2 and CD14 in transfected HEK 293 cells 829:901 Quantitative superresolved data showed that TLR4 was monomeric in the absence of its co-receptors MD2 and CD14 in transfected HEK 293 cells. 29089449 7 21 from minnesota 1078:1086 arg1 LPS 1038:1040 LPS 1038:1040 LPS from Escherichia coli or Salmonella minnesota 1038:1086 LPS from Escherichia coli or Salmonella minnesota caused the formation of dimeric TLR4 complexes, whereas the antagonistic LPS chemotype from Rhodobacter sphaeroides maintained TLR4 in monomeric form at the cell surface. 29089449 2 22 attach derived 213:219 arg2 LPS 208:210 LPS 208:210 LPS 208:210 Upon recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, TLR4 dimerizes and can stimulate two different signaling pathways, the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway and the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway. 29089449 2 22 attach derived 213:219 arg1 wall 235:238 the cell wall 226:238 the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria 226:264 Upon recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, TLR4 dimerizes and can stimulate two different signaling pathways, the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway and the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway. 29089449 2 22 attach derived 213:219 arg2 lipopolysaccharide 188:205 lipopolysaccharide 188:205 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria 188:264 Upon recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, TLR4 dimerizes and can stimulate two different signaling pathways, the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway and the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway. 29089449 0 23 theme single-molecule 13:27 arg1 imaging 29:35 Quantitative single-molecule imaging 0:35 Quantitative single-molecule imaging of TLR4 0:43 Quantitative single-molecule imaging of TLR4 reveals ligand-specific receptor dimerization. 29089449 5 24 from CD14 869:872 arg1 cells 897:901 transfected HEK 293 cells 877:901 transfected HEK 293 cells 877:901 Quantitative superresolved data showed that TLR4 was monomeric in the absence of its co-receptors MD2 and CD14 in transfected HEK 293 cells. 29089449 2 25 theme signaling 314:322 arg1 pathways 324:331 two different signaling pathways 300:331 two different signaling pathways 300:331 Upon recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, TLR4 dimerizes and can stimulate two different signaling pathways, the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway and the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway. 29089449 2 25 theme signaling 314:322 arg1 pathway 371:377 the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway 334:377 pathway 371:377 Upon recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, TLR4 dimerizes and can stimulate two different signaling pathways, the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway and the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway. 29089449 2 25 theme signaling 314:322 arg1 pathway 416:422 the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway 383:422 pathway 416:422 Upon recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, TLR4 dimerizes and can stimulate two different signaling pathways, the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway and the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway. 29089449 7 26 theme Rhodobacter 1180:1190 arg1 sphaeroides 1192:1202 Rhodobacter sphaeroides 1180:1202 Rhodobacter sphaeroides 1180:1202 LPS from Escherichia coli or Salmonella minnesota caused the formation of dimeric TLR4 complexes, whereas the antagonistic LPS chemotype from Rhodobacter sphaeroides maintained TLR4 in monomeric form at the cell surface. 29089449 2 27 theme antiviral 387:395 arg1 pathways 324:331 two different signaling pathways 300:331 two different signaling pathways 300:331 Upon recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, TLR4 dimerizes and can stimulate two different signaling pathways, the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway and the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway. 29089449 2 27 theme antiviral 387:395 arg1 pathway 416:422 the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway 383:422 pathway 416:422 Upon recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, TLR4 dimerizes and can stimulate two different signaling pathways, the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway and the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway. 29089449 0 28 theme Quantitative 0:11 arg1 imaging 29:35 Quantitative single-molecule imaging 0:35 Quantitative single-molecule imaging of TLR4 0:43 Quantitative single-molecule imaging of TLR4 reveals ligand-specific receptor dimerization. 29089449 9 29 theme biased 1524:1529 arg1 signaling 1531:1539 biased signaling 1524:1539 biased signaling 1524:1539 Together, these data demonstrate ligand-dependent dimerization of TLR4 in the cellular environment, which could pave the way for a molecular understanding of biased signaling downstream of the receptor. 29089449 1 30 theme invading 103:110 arg1 pathogens 112:120 invading pathogens 103:120 invading pathogens 103:120 In humans, invading pathogens are recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). 29089449 6 31 from present 918:924 arg1 absence 964:970 the absence 960:970 the absence of LPS 960:977 When TLR4 was present together with MD2 and CD14 but in the absence of LPS, 52% of the receptors were monomeric and 48% were dimeric. 29089449 3 32 theme immune 578:583 arg1 response 585:592 the host immune response 569:592 the host immune response 569:592 The balance between these two pathways is ligand-dependent, and ligand composition determines whether the invading pathogen activates or evades the host immune response. 29089449 5 33 theme HEK 889:891 arg1 cells 897:901 transfected HEK 293 cells 877:901 transfected HEK 293 cells 877:901 Quantitative superresolved data showed that TLR4 was monomeric in the absence of its co-receptors MD2 and CD14 in transfected HEK 293 cells. 29089449 2 34 theme different 304:312 arg1 pathways 324:331 two different signaling pathways 300:331 two different signaling pathways 300:331 Upon recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, TLR4 dimerizes and can stimulate two different signaling pathways, the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway and the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway. 29089449 2 34 theme different 304:312 arg1 pathway 371:377 the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway 334:377 pathway 371:377 Upon recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, TLR4 dimerizes and can stimulate two different signaling pathways, the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway and the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway. 29089449 2 34 theme different 304:312 arg1 pathway 416:422 the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway 383:422 pathway 416:422 Upon recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, TLR4 dimerizes and can stimulate two different signaling pathways, the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway and the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway. 29089449 5 35 theme Quantitative 763:774 arg1 data 790:793 Quantitative superresolved data 763:793 Quantitative superresolved data 763:793 Quantitative superresolved data showed that TLR4 was monomeric in the absence of its co-receptors MD2 and CD14 in transfected HEK 293 cells. 29089449 2 36 theme lipopolysaccharide 188:205 arg1 recognition 173:183 recognition 173:183 recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria 173:264 Upon recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, TLR4 dimerizes and can stimulate two different signaling pathways, the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway and the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway. 29089449 4 37 theme localization 738:749 arg1 microscopy 751:760 quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy 709:760 quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy 709:760 We investigated the dimerization behavior of TLR4 in intact cells in response to different LPS chemotypes through quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy. 29089449 7 38 theme antagonistic 1148:1159 arg1 chemotype 1165:1173 the antagonistic LPS chemotype 1144:1173 the antagonistic LPS chemotype from Rhodobacter sphaeroides 1144:1202 LPS from Escherichia coli or Salmonella minnesota caused the formation of dimeric TLR4 complexes, whereas the antagonistic LPS chemotype from Rhodobacter sphaeroides maintained TLR4 in monomeric form at the cell surface. 29089449 5 39 theme superresolved 776:788 arg1 data 790:793 Quantitative superresolved data 763:793 Quantitative superresolved data 763:793 Quantitative superresolved data showed that TLR4 was monomeric in the absence of its co-receptors MD2 and CD14 in transfected HEK 293 cells. 29089449 8 40 theme LPS-dependent 1287:1299 arg1 dimerization 1301:1312 LPS-dependent dimerization 1287:1312 LPS-dependent dimerization 1287:1312 Furthermore, we showed that LPS-dependent dimerization was required for the activation of NF-κB signaling. 29089449 0 41 theme TLR4 40:43 arg1 imaging 29:35 Quantitative single-molecule imaging 0:35 Quantitative single-molecule imaging of TLR4 0:43 Quantitative single-molecule imaging of TLR4 reveals ligand-specific receptor dimerization. 29089449 7 42 theme LPS 1161:1163 arg1 chemotype 1165:1173 the antagonistic LPS chemotype 1144:1173 the antagonistic LPS chemotype from Rhodobacter sphaeroides 1144:1202 LPS from Escherichia coli or Salmonella minnesota caused the formation of dimeric TLR4 complexes, whereas the antagonistic LPS chemotype from Rhodobacter sphaeroides maintained TLR4 in monomeric form at the cell surface. 29089449 2 43 theme cell 230:233 arg1 wall 235:238 the cell wall 226:238 the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria 226:264 Upon recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, TLR4 dimerizes and can stimulate two different signaling pathways, the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway and the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway. 29089449 5 44 from cells 897:901 arg1 absence 833:839 the absence 829:839 the absence of its co-receptors MD2 and CD14 in transfected HEK 293 cells 829:901 Quantitative superresolved data showed that TLR4 was monomeric in the absence of its co-receptors MD2 and CD14 in transfected HEK 293 cells. 29089449 9 45 theme molecular 1497:1505 arg1 understanding 1507:1519 a molecular understanding 1495:1519 a molecular understanding of biased signaling 1495:1539 Together, these data demonstrate ligand-dependent dimerization of TLR4 in the cellular environment, which could pave the way for a molecular understanding of biased signaling downstream of the receptor. 29089449 0 46 theme receptor 69:76 arg1 dimerization 78:89 ligand-specific receptor dimerization 53:89 ligand-specific receptor dimerization 53:89 Quantitative single-molecule imaging of TLR4 reveals ligand-specific receptor dimerization. 29089449 6 47 theme LPS 975:977 arg1 absence 964:970 the absence 960:970 the absence of LPS 960:977 When TLR4 was present together with MD2 and CD14 but in the absence of LPS, 52% of the receptors were monomeric and 48% were dimeric. 29089449 7 48 theme cell 1245:1248 arg1 surface 1250:1256 the cell surface 1241:1256 the cell surface 1241:1256 LPS from Escherichia coli or Salmonella minnesota caused the formation of dimeric TLR4 complexes, whereas the antagonistic LPS chemotype from Rhodobacter sphaeroides maintained TLR4 in monomeric form at the cell surface. 29089449 2 49 theme proinflammatory 338:352 arg1 pathways 324:331 two different signaling pathways 300:331 two different signaling pathways 300:331 Upon recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, TLR4 dimerizes and can stimulate two different signaling pathways, the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway and the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway. 29089449 2 49 theme proinflammatory 338:352 arg1 pathway 371:377 the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway 334:377 pathway 371:377 Upon recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, TLR4 dimerizes and can stimulate two different signaling pathways, the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway and the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway. 29089449 0 50 theme ligand-specific 53:67 arg1 dimerization 78:89 ligand-specific receptor dimerization 53:89 ligand-specific receptor dimerization 53:89 Quantitative single-molecule imaging of TLR4 reveals ligand-specific receptor dimerization. 29089449 6 51 from absence 964:970 arg1 present 918:924 present 918:924 present 918:924 When TLR4 was present together with MD2 and CD14 but in the absence of LPS, 52% of the receptors were monomeric and 48% were dimeric. 29089449 9 52 theme ligand-dependent 1399:1414 arg1 dimerization 1416:1427 ligand-dependent dimerization 1399:1427 ligand-dependent dimerization of TLR4 in the cellular environment, which could pave the way for a molecular understanding of biased signaling downstream of the receptor 1399:1566 Together, these data demonstrate ligand-dependent dimerization of TLR4 in the cellular environment, which could pave the way for a molecular understanding of biased signaling downstream of the receptor. 29089449 9 53 from dimerization 1416:1427 arg1 environment 1453:1463 the cellular environment 1440:1463 the cellular environment 1440:1463 Together, these data demonstrate ligand-dependent dimerization of TLR4 in the cellular environment, which could pave the way for a molecular understanding of biased signaling downstream of the receptor. 29089449 5 54 from absence 833:839 arg1 cells 897:901 transfected HEK 293 cells 877:901 transfected HEK 293 cells 877:901 Quantitative superresolved data showed that TLR4 was monomeric in the absence of its co-receptors MD2 and CD14 in transfected HEK 293 cells. 29089449 5 54 from absence 833:839 arg1 monomeric 816:824 monomeric 816:824 monomeric 816:824 Quantitative superresolved data showed that TLR4 was monomeric in the absence of its co-receptors MD2 and CD14 in transfected HEK 293 cells. 29089449 1 55 theme Toll-like 140:148 arg1 TLRs 161:164 TLRs 161:164 TLRs 161:164 In humans, invading pathogens are recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). 29089449 1 55 theme Toll-like 140:148 arg1 receptors 150:158 Toll-like receptors 140:158 Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 140:165 In humans, invading pathogens are recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). 29089449 4 56 theme TLR4 640:643 arg1 behavior 628:635 the dimerization behavior 611:635 the dimerization behavior of TLR4 in intact cells 611:659 We investigated the dimerization behavior of TLR4 in intact cells in response to different LPS chemotypes through quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy. 29089449 5 57 from monomeric 816:824 arg1 absence 833:839 the absence 829:839 the absence of its co-receptors MD2 and CD14 in transfected HEK 293 cells 829:901 Quantitative superresolved data showed that TLR4 was monomeric in the absence of its co-receptors MD2 and CD14 in transfected HEK 293 cells. 29089449 2 58 theme bacteria 257:264 arg1 wall 235:238 the cell wall 226:238 the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria 226:264 Upon recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, TLR4 dimerizes and can stimulate two different signaling pathways, the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway and the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway. 29089449 6 59 attach present 918:924 arg2 TLR4 909:912 TLR4 909:912 TLR4 909:912 When TLR4 was present together with MD2 and CD14 but in the absence of LPS, 52% of the receptors were monomeric and 48% were dimeric. 29089449 6 59 attach present 918:924 arg1 absence 964:970 the absence 960:970 the absence of LPS 960:977 When TLR4 was present together with MD2 and CD14 but in the absence of LPS, 52% of the receptors were monomeric and 48% were dimeric. 29089449 8 60 theme signaling 1355:1363 arg1 activation 1335:1344 the activation 1331:1344 the activation of NF-κB signaling 1331:1363 Furthermore, we showed that LPS-dependent dimerization was required for the activation of NF-κB signaling. 29089449 3 61 theme ligand 489:494 arg1 composition 496:506 ligand composition 489:506 ligand composition 489:506 The balance between these two pathways is ligand-dependent, and ligand composition determines whether the invading pathogen activates or evades the host immune response. 29089449 2 62 theme Gram-negative 243:255 arg1 bacteria 257:264 Gram-negative bacteria 243:264 Gram-negative bacteria 243:264 Upon recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, TLR4 dimerizes and can stimulate two different signaling pathways, the proinflammatory, MyD88-dependent pathway and the antiviral, MyD88-independent pathway. 29089449 4 63 theme single-molecule 722:736 arg1 microscopy 751:760 quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy 709:760 quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy 709:760 We investigated the dimerization behavior of TLR4 in intact cells in response to different LPS chemotypes through quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy. 29089449 4 64 theme different 676:684 arg1 chemotypes 690:699 different LPS chemotypes 676:699 different LPS chemotypes 676:699 We investigated the dimerization behavior of TLR4 in intact cells in response to different LPS chemotypes through quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy. 29089449 4 65 theme intact 648:653 arg1 cells 655:659 intact cells 648:659 intact cells 648:659 We investigated the dimerization behavior of TLR4 in intact cells in response to different LPS chemotypes through quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy. 29089449 5 66 theme co-receptors 848:859 arg1 MD2 861:863 its co-receptors MD2 844:863 its co-receptors MD2 844:863 Quantitative superresolved data showed that TLR4 was monomeric in the absence of its co-receptors MD2 and CD14 in transfected HEK 293 cells. 29089449 5 67 theme transfected 877:887 arg1 cells 897:901 transfected HEK 293 cells 877:901 transfected HEK 293 cells 877:901 Quantitative superresolved data showed that TLR4 was monomeric in the absence of its co-receptors MD2 and CD14 in transfected HEK 293 cells. 29089449 8 68 theme NF-κB 1349:1353 arg1 signaling 1355:1363 NF-κB signaling 1349:1363 NF-κB signaling 1349:1363 Furthermore, we showed that LPS-dependent dimerization was required for the activation of NF-κB signaling. 29089449 4 69 theme quantitative 709:720 arg1 microscopy 751:760 quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy 709:760 quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy 709:760 We investigated the dimerization behavior of TLR4 in intact cells in response to different LPS chemotypes through quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy. 28970547 0 0 theme gut 78:80 arg1 microbiota 82:91 the dysbiotic gut microbiota 64:91 the dysbiotic gut microbiota 64:91 Ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd reduce polyps formation while reinstate the dysbiotic gut microbiota and the intestinal microenvironment in ApcMin/+ mice. 28970547 2 1 theme mice 596:599 arg1 model 601:605 an ApcMin/+ mice model 584:605 an ApcMin/+ mice model 584:605 In this study, for the first time, we assessed the non-toxic doses of the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) - as prebiotics - that effectively reinstated the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition and intestinal microenvironment in an ApcMin/+ mice model. 28970547 1 2 theme prebiotics 240:249 arg1 treatment 227:235 the treatment 223:235 the treatment of prebiotics 223:249 Studies showed that manipulation of gut microbiota (GM) composition through the treatment of prebiotics could be a novel preventive measure against colorectal cancer (CRC) development. 28970547 0 3 theme dysbiotic 68:76 arg1 microbiota 82:91 the dysbiotic gut microbiota 64:91 the dysbiotic gut microbiota 64:91 Ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd reduce polyps formation while reinstate the dysbiotic gut microbiota and the intestinal microenvironment in ApcMin/+ mice. 28970547 2 4 theme ApcMin/+ 587:594 arg1 model 601:605 an ApcMin/+ mice model 584:605 an ApcMin/+ mice model 584:605 In this study, for the first time, we assessed the non-toxic doses of the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) - as prebiotics - that effectively reinstated the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition and intestinal microenvironment in an ApcMin/+ mice model. 28970547 8 5 theme Helicobacter 1351:1362 arg1 spp. 1364:1367 Helicobacter spp. 1351:1367 Helicobacter spp. 1351:1367 and Helicobacter spp., was profoundly lower in Rb3/Rd-treated mice. 28970547 4 6 theme E-cadherin 898:907 arg1 expression 924:933 reinstating the E-cadherin and N-Cadherin expression 882:933 reinstating the E-cadherin and N-Cadherin expression 882:933 Both the compounds improved the gut epithelium by promoting goblet and Paneth cells population and reinstating the E-cadherin and N-Cadherin expression. 28970547 4 7 theme Paneth 854:859 arg1 cells 861:865 Paneth cells 854:865 Paneth cells 854:865 Both the compounds improved the gut epithelium by promoting goblet and Paneth cells population and reinstating the E-cadherin and N-Cadherin expression. 28970547 7 8 theme cachexia 1291:1298 arg1 abundance 1271:1279 the abundance 1267:1279 the abundance of cancer cachexia 1267:1298 Whereas, the abundance of cancer cachexia associated bacteria, such as Dysgonomonas spp. 28970547 9 9 theme cancer-cachexia 1611:1625 arg1 bacteria 1638:1645 cancer-cachexia associated bacteria 1611:1645 cancer-cachexia associated bacteria 1611:1645 In conclusion, ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd exerted anti-cancer effects by holistically reinstating mucosal architecture, improving mucosal immunity, promoting beneficial bacteria, and down-regulating cancer-cachexia associated bacteria. 28970547 9 10 theme anti-cancer 1462:1472 arg1 effects 1474:1480 anti-cancer effects 1462:1480 anti-cancer effects 1462:1480 In conclusion, ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd exerted anti-cancer effects by holistically reinstating mucosal architecture, improving mucosal immunity, promoting beneficial bacteria, and down-regulating cancer-cachexia associated bacteria. 28970547 0 11 theme intestinal 101:110 arg1 microenvironment 112:127 the intestinal microenvironment 97:127 the intestinal microenvironment in ApcMin/+ mice 97:144 Ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd reduce polyps formation while reinstate the dysbiotic gut microbiota and the intestinal microenvironment in ApcMin/+ mice. 28970547 4 12 theme gut 815:817 arg1 epithelium 819:828 the gut epithelium 811:828 the gut epithelium 811:828 Both the compounds improved the gut epithelium by promoting goblet and Paneth cells population and reinstating the E-cadherin and N-Cadherin expression. 28970547 9 13 theme associated 1627:1636 arg1 bacteria 1638:1645 cancer-cachexia associated bacteria 1611:1645 cancer-cachexia associated bacteria 1611:1645 In conclusion, ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd exerted anti-cancer effects by holistically reinstating mucosal architecture, improving mucosal immunity, promoting beneficial bacteria, and down-regulating cancer-cachexia associated bacteria. 28970547 1 14 theme gut 183:185 arg1 composition 203:213 gut microbiota (GM) composition 183:213 gut microbiota (GM) composition 183:213 Studies showed that manipulation of gut microbiota (GM) composition through the treatment of prebiotics could be a novel preventive measure against colorectal cancer (CRC) development. 28970547 9 15 theme mucosal 1510:1516 arg1 architecture 1518:1529 holistically reinstating mucosal architecture 1485:1529 holistically reinstating mucosal architecture 1485:1529 In conclusion, ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd exerted anti-cancer effects by holistically reinstating mucosal architecture, improving mucosal immunity, promoting beneficial bacteria, and down-regulating cancer-cachexia associated bacteria. 28970547 3 16 dep size 643:646 arg1 iNOS 752:755 iNOS 752:755 iNOS 752:755 Rb3 and Rd effectively reduced the size and the number of the polyps that accompanied with the downregulation of oncogenic signaling molecules (iNOS, STAT3/pSTAT3, Src/pSrc). 28970547 3 16 dep size 643:646 arg1 the 639:641 the 639:641 the 639:641 Rb3 and Rd effectively reduced the size and the number of the polyps that accompanied with the downregulation of oncogenic signaling molecules (iNOS, STAT3/pSTAT3, Src/pSrc). 28970547 3 16 dep size 643:646 arg1 Src/pSrc 772:779 Src/pSrc 772:779 Src/pSrc 772:779 Rb3 and Rd effectively reduced the size and the number of the polyps that accompanied with the downregulation of oncogenic signaling molecules (iNOS, STAT3/pSTAT3, Src/pSrc). 28970547 3 16 dep size 643:646 arg1 STAT3/pSTAT3 758:769 STAT3/pSTAT3 758:769 STAT3/pSTAT3 758:769 Rb3 and Rd effectively reduced the size and the number of the polyps that accompanied with the downregulation of oncogenic signaling molecules (iNOS, STAT3/pSTAT3, Src/pSrc). 28970547 4 17 dep E-cadherin 898:907 arg1 the 894:896 the 894:896 the 894:896 Both the compounds improved the gut epithelium by promoting goblet and Paneth cells population and reinstating the E-cadherin and N-Cadherin expression. 28970547 2 18 theme triterpene 406:415 arg1 ginsenoside-Rd 447:460 ginsenoside-Rd 447:460 ginsenoside-Rd 447:460 In this study, for the first time, we assessed the non-toxic doses of the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) - as prebiotics - that effectively reinstated the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition and intestinal microenvironment in an ApcMin/+ mice model. 28970547 2 18 theme triterpene 406:415 arg1 ginsenoside-Rb3 427:441 ginsenoside-Rb3 427:441 ginsenoside-Rb3 427:441 In this study, for the first time, we assessed the non-toxic doses of the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) - as prebiotics - that effectively reinstated the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition and intestinal microenvironment in an ApcMin/+ mice model. 28970547 2 18 theme triterpene 406:415 arg1 saponins 417:424 the triterpene saponins 402:424 the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) - 402:463 In this study, for the first time, we assessed the non-toxic doses of the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) - as prebiotics - that effectively reinstated the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition and intestinal microenvironment in an ApcMin/+ mice model. 28970547 3 19 theme signaling 731:739 arg1 molecules 741:749 oncogenic signaling molecules 721:749 oncogenic signaling molecules 721:749 Rb3 and Rd effectively reduced the size and the number of the polyps that accompanied with the downregulation of oncogenic signaling molecules (iNOS, STAT3/pSTAT3, Src/pSrc). 28970547 2 20 theme first 355:359 arg1 time 361:364 the first time 351:364 the first time 351:364 In this study, for the first time, we assessed the non-toxic doses of the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) - as prebiotics - that effectively reinstated the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition and intestinal microenvironment in an ApcMin/+ mice model. 28970547 1 21 theme novel 262:266 arg1 measure 279:285 a novel preventive measure 260:285 a novel preventive measure against colorectal cancer (CRC) development 260:329 Studies showed that manipulation of gut microbiota (GM) composition through the treatment of prebiotics could be a novel preventive measure against colorectal cancer (CRC) development. 28970547 1 21 theme novel 262:266 arg1 manipulation 167:178 manipulation 167:178 manipulation of gut microbiota (GM) composition through the treatment of prebiotics 167:249 Studies showed that manipulation of gut microbiota (GM) composition through the treatment of prebiotics could be a novel preventive measure against colorectal cancer (CRC) development. 28970547 9 22 dep exerted 1454:1460 arg1 down-regulating 1595:1609 down-regulating 1595:1609 down-regulating cancer-cachexia associated bacteria 1595:1645 In conclusion, ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd exerted anti-cancer effects by holistically reinstating mucosal architecture, improving mucosal immunity, promoting beneficial bacteria, and down-regulating cancer-cachexia associated bacteria. 28970547 9 22 dep exerted 1454:1460 arg1 promoting 1560:1568 promoting 1560:1568 promoting beneficial bacteria 1560:1588 In conclusion, ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd exerted anti-cancer effects by holistically reinstating mucosal architecture, improving mucosal immunity, promoting beneficial bacteria, and down-regulating cancer-cachexia associated bacteria. 28970547 9 22 dep exerted 1454:1460 arg1 improving 1532:1540 improving 1532:1540 improving mucosal immunity 1532:1557 In conclusion, ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd exerted anti-cancer effects by holistically reinstating mucosal architecture, improving mucosal immunity, promoting beneficial bacteria, and down-regulating cancer-cachexia associated bacteria. 28970547 5 23 from cytokines 1041:1049 arg1 mice 1062:1065 treated mice 1054:1065 treated mice 1054:1065 Mucosal immunity remodeled with increased in anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduced in pro-inflammatory cytokines in treated mice. 28970547 1 24 theme microbiota 187:196 arg1 composition 203:213 gut microbiota (GM) composition 183:213 gut microbiota (GM) composition 183:213 Studies showed that manipulation of gut microbiota (GM) composition through the treatment of prebiotics could be a novel preventive measure against colorectal cancer (CRC) development. 28970547 1 25 theme preventive 268:277 arg1 measure 279:285 a novel preventive measure 260:285 a novel preventive measure against colorectal cancer (CRC) development 260:329 Studies showed that manipulation of gut microbiota (GM) composition through the treatment of prebiotics could be a novel preventive measure against colorectal cancer (CRC) development. 28970547 1 25 theme preventive 268:277 arg1 manipulation 167:178 manipulation 167:178 manipulation of gut microbiota (GM) composition through the treatment of prebiotics 167:249 Studies showed that manipulation of gut microbiota (GM) composition through the treatment of prebiotics could be a novel preventive measure against colorectal cancer (CRC) development. 28970547 2 26 theme microbial 527:535 arg1 composition 537:547 the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition 509:547 the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition 509:547 In this study, for the first time, we assessed the non-toxic doses of the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) - as prebiotics - that effectively reinstated the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition and intestinal microenvironment in an ApcMin/+ mice model. 28970547 5 27 theme Mucosal 936:942 arg1 immunity 944:951 Mucosal immunity 936:951 Mucosal immunity 936:951 Mucosal immunity remodeled with increased in anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduced in pro-inflammatory cytokines in treated mice. 28970547 2 28 theme non-toxic 383:391 arg1 doses 393:397 the non-toxic doses 379:397 the non-toxic doses of the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) - 379:463 In this study, for the first time, we assessed the non-toxic doses of the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) - as prebiotics - that effectively reinstated the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition and intestinal microenvironment in an ApcMin/+ mice model. 28970547 2 28 theme non-toxic 383:391 arg1 prebiotics 468:477 prebiotics - 468:479 prebiotics - that effectively reinstated the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition and intestinal microenvironment in an ApcMin/+ mice model 468:605 In this study, for the first time, we assessed the non-toxic doses of the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) - as prebiotics - that effectively reinstated the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition and intestinal microenvironment in an ApcMin/+ mice model. 28970547 2 29 theme dysbiotic-gut 513:525 arg1 composition 537:547 the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition 509:547 the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition 509:547 In this study, for the first time, we assessed the non-toxic doses of the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) - as prebiotics - that effectively reinstated the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition and intestinal microenvironment in an ApcMin/+ mice model. 28970547 9 30 dep ginsenosides 1430:1441 arg1 ginsenosides 1430:1441 ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd 1430:1452 ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd 1430:1452 In conclusion, ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd exerted anti-cancer effects by holistically reinstating mucosal architecture, improving mucosal immunity, promoting beneficial bacteria, and down-regulating cancer-cachexia associated bacteria. 28970547 9 30 dep ginsenosides 1430:1441 arg1 Rd 1451:1452 Rd 1451:1452 Rd 1451:1452 In conclusion, ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd exerted anti-cancer effects by holistically reinstating mucosal architecture, improving mucosal immunity, promoting beneficial bacteria, and down-regulating cancer-cachexia associated bacteria. 28970547 9 30 dep ginsenosides 1430:1441 arg1 Rb3 1443:1445 Rb3 1443:1445 Rb3 1443:1445 In conclusion, ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd exerted anti-cancer effects by holistically reinstating mucosal architecture, improving mucosal immunity, promoting beneficial bacteria, and down-regulating cancer-cachexia associated bacteria. 28970547 1 31 theme GM 199:200 arg1 composition 203:213 gut microbiota (GM) composition 183:213 gut microbiota (GM) composition 183:213 Studies showed that manipulation of gut microbiota (GM) composition through the treatment of prebiotics could be a novel preventive measure against colorectal cancer (CRC) development. 28970547 0 32 theme polyps 31:36 arg1 formation 38:46 polyps formation 31:46 polyps formation 31:46 Ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd reduce polyps formation while reinstate the dysbiotic gut microbiota and the intestinal microenvironment in ApcMin/+ mice. 28970547 3 33 theme oncogenic 721:729 arg1 molecules 741:749 oncogenic signaling molecules 721:749 oncogenic signaling molecules 721:749 Rb3 and Rd effectively reduced the size and the number of the polyps that accompanied with the downregulation of oncogenic signaling molecules (iNOS, STAT3/pSTAT3, Src/pSrc). 28970547 4 34 theme N-Cadherin 913:922 arg1 expression 924:933 reinstating the E-cadherin and N-Cadherin expression 882:933 reinstating the E-cadherin and N-Cadherin expression 882:933 Both the compounds improved the gut epithelium by promoting goblet and Paneth cells population and reinstating the E-cadherin and N-Cadherin expression. 28970547 9 35 theme reinstating 1498:1508 arg1 architecture 1518:1529 holistically reinstating mucosal architecture 1485:1529 holistically reinstating mucosal architecture 1485:1529 In conclusion, ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd exerted anti-cancer effects by holistically reinstating mucosal architecture, improving mucosal immunity, promoting beneficial bacteria, and down-regulating cancer-cachexia associated bacteria. 28970547 1 36 theme colorectal 295:304 arg1 cancer 306:311 colorectal cancer 295:311 colorectal cancer (CRC) development 295:329 Studies showed that manipulation of gut microbiota (GM) composition through the treatment of prebiotics could be a novel preventive measure against colorectal cancer (CRC) development. 28970547 1 36 theme colorectal 295:304 arg1 CRC 314:316 CRC 314:316 CRC 314:316 Studies showed that manipulation of gut microbiota (GM) composition through the treatment of prebiotics could be a novel preventive measure against colorectal cancer (CRC) development. 28970547 0 37 theme ApcMin/+ 132:139 arg1 mice 141:144 ApcMin/+ mice 132:144 ApcMin/+ mice 132:144 Ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd reduce polyps formation while reinstate the dysbiotic gut microbiota and the intestinal microenvironment in ApcMin/+ mice. 28970547 5 38 theme pro-inflammatory 1024:1039 arg1 cytokines 1041:1049 pro-inflammatory cytokines 1024:1049 pro-inflammatory cytokines in treated mice 1024:1065 Mucosal immunity remodeled with increased in anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduced in pro-inflammatory cytokines in treated mice. 28970547 1 39 theme composition 203:213 arg1 measure 279:285 a novel preventive measure 260:285 a novel preventive measure against colorectal cancer (CRC) development 260:329 Studies showed that manipulation of gut microbiota (GM) composition through the treatment of prebiotics could be a novel preventive measure against colorectal cancer (CRC) development. 28970547 1 39 theme composition 203:213 arg1 manipulation 167:178 manipulation 167:178 manipulation of gut microbiota (GM) composition through the treatment of prebiotics 167:249 Studies showed that manipulation of gut microbiota (GM) composition through the treatment of prebiotics could be a novel preventive measure against colorectal cancer (CRC) development. 28970547 4 40 dep goblet 843:848 arg1 population 867:876 population 867:876 population 867:876 Both the compounds improved the gut epithelium by promoting goblet and Paneth cells population and reinstating the E-cadherin and N-Cadherin expression. 28970547 1 41 theme cancer 306:311 arg1 development 319:329 colorectal cancer (CRC) development 295:329 colorectal cancer (CRC) development 295:329 Studies showed that manipulation of gut microbiota (GM) composition through the treatment of prebiotics could be a novel preventive measure against colorectal cancer (CRC) development. 28970547 3 42 theme molecules 741:749 arg1 downregulation 703:716 the downregulation 699:716 the downregulation of oncogenic signaling molecules 699:749 Rb3 and Rd effectively reduced the size and the number of the polyps that accompanied with the downregulation of oncogenic signaling molecules (iNOS, STAT3/pSTAT3, Src/pSrc). 28970547 9 43 theme mucosal 1542:1548 arg1 immunity 1550:1557 mucosal immunity 1542:1557 mucosal immunity 1542:1557 In conclusion, ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd exerted anti-cancer effects by holistically reinstating mucosal architecture, improving mucosal immunity, promoting beneficial bacteria, and down-regulating cancer-cachexia associated bacteria. 28970547 2 44 theme saponins 417:424 arg1 doses 393:397 the non-toxic doses 379:397 the non-toxic doses of the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) - 379:463 In this study, for the first time, we assessed the non-toxic doses of the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) - as prebiotics - that effectively reinstated the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition and intestinal microenvironment in an ApcMin/+ mice model. 28970547 2 44 theme saponins 417:424 arg1 prebiotics 468:477 prebiotics - 468:479 prebiotics - that effectively reinstated the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition and intestinal microenvironment in an ApcMin/+ mice model 468:605 In this study, for the first time, we assessed the non-toxic doses of the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) - as prebiotics - that effectively reinstated the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition and intestinal microenvironment in an ApcMin/+ mice model. 28970547 2 45 theme intestinal 553:562 arg1 microenvironment 564:579 intestinal microenvironment 553:579 intestinal microenvironment 553:579 In this study, for the first time, we assessed the non-toxic doses of the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) - as prebiotics - that effectively reinstated the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition and intestinal microenvironment in an ApcMin/+ mice model. 28970547 5 46 theme treated 1054:1060 arg1 mice 1062:1065 treated mice 1054:1065 treated mice 1054:1065 Mucosal immunity remodeled with increased in anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduced in pro-inflammatory cytokines in treated mice. 28970547 6 47 theme bacteria 1142:1149 arg1 growth 1121:1126 the promoted growth 1108:1126 the promoted growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens 1108:1255 All these changes were correlating with the promoted growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens. 28970547 4 48 theme reinstating 882:892 arg1 expression 924:933 reinstating the E-cadherin and N-Cadherin expression 882:933 reinstating the E-cadherin and N-Cadherin expression 882:933 Both the compounds improved the gut epithelium by promoting goblet and Paneth cells population and reinstating the E-cadherin and N-Cadherin expression. 28970547 5 49 theme anti-inflammatory 981:997 arg1 cytokines 999:1007 anti-inflammatory cytokines 981:1007 anti-inflammatory cytokines 981:1007 Mucosal immunity remodeled with increased in anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduced in pro-inflammatory cytokines in treated mice. 28970547 2 50 dep saponins 417:424 arg1 ginsenoside-Rd 447:460 ginsenoside-Rd 447:460 ginsenoside-Rd 447:460 In this study, for the first time, we assessed the non-toxic doses of the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) - as prebiotics - that effectively reinstated the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition and intestinal microenvironment in an ApcMin/+ mice model. 28970547 2 50 dep saponins 417:424 arg1 ginsenoside-Rb3 427:441 ginsenoside-Rb3 427:441 ginsenoside-Rb3 427:441 In this study, for the first time, we assessed the non-toxic doses of the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) - as prebiotics - that effectively reinstated the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition and intestinal microenvironment in an ApcMin/+ mice model. 28970547 2 50 dep saponins 417:424 arg1 saponins 417:424 the triterpene saponins 402:424 the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) - 402:463 In this study, for the first time, we assessed the non-toxic doses of the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) - as prebiotics - that effectively reinstated the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition and intestinal microenvironment in an ApcMin/+ mice model. 28970547 7 51 theme cancer 1284:1289 arg1 cachexia 1291:1298 cancer cachexia 1284:1298 cancer cachexia 1284:1298 Whereas, the abundance of cancer cachexia associated bacteria, such as Dysgonomonas spp. 28970547 6 52 theme beneficial 1131:1140 arg1 spp. 1175:1178 Bifidobacterium spp. 1159:1178 Bifidobacterium spp. 1159:1178 All these changes were correlating with the promoted growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens. 28970547 6 52 theme beneficial 1131:1140 arg1 spp. 1195:1198 Lactobacillus spp. 1181:1198 Lactobacillus spp. 1181:1198 All these changes were correlating with the promoted growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens. 28970547 6 52 theme beneficial 1131:1140 arg1 acidifaciens 1213:1224 Bacteroides acidifaciens 1201:1224 Bacteroides acidifaciens 1201:1224 All these changes were correlating with the promoted growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens. 28970547 6 52 theme beneficial 1131:1140 arg1 bacteria 1142:1149 beneficial bacteria 1131:1149 beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens 1131:1255 All these changes were correlating with the promoted growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens. 28970547 6 52 theme beneficial 1131:1140 arg1 xylanisolvens 1243:1255 Bacteroides xylanisolvens 1231:1255 Bacteroides xylanisolvens 1231:1255 All these changes were correlating with the promoted growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens. 28970547 0 53 from microbiota 82:91 arg1 mice 141:144 ApcMin/+ mice 132:144 ApcMin/+ mice 132:144 Ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd reduce polyps formation while reinstate the dysbiotic gut microbiota and the intestinal microenvironment in ApcMin/+ mice. 28970547 7 54 theme Dysgonomonas 1329:1340 arg1 spp 1342:1344 Dysgonomonas spp 1329:1344 Dysgonomonas spp 1329:1344 Whereas, the abundance of cancer cachexia associated bacteria, such as Dysgonomonas spp. 28970547 9 55 theme beneficial 1570:1579 arg1 bacteria 1581:1588 beneficial bacteria 1570:1588 beneficial bacteria 1570:1588 In conclusion, ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd exerted anti-cancer effects by holistically reinstating mucosal architecture, improving mucosal immunity, promoting beneficial bacteria, and down-regulating cancer-cachexia associated bacteria. 28970547 3 56 theme polyps 670:675 arg1 size 643:646 size 643:646 size 643:646 Rb3 and Rd effectively reduced the size and the number of the polyps that accompanied with the downregulation of oncogenic signaling molecules (iNOS, STAT3/pSTAT3, Src/pSrc). 28970547 3 56 theme polyps 670:675 arg1 number 656:661 the number 652:661 the number of the polyps that accompanied with the downregulation of oncogenic signaling molecules 652:749 Rb3 and Rd effectively reduced the size and the number of the polyps that accompanied with the downregulation of oncogenic signaling molecules (iNOS, STAT3/pSTAT3, Src/pSrc). 28970547 0 57 dep Ginsenosides 0:11 arg1 Ginsenosides 0:11 Ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd 0:22 Ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd 0:22 Ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd reduce polyps formation while reinstate the dysbiotic gut microbiota and the intestinal microenvironment in ApcMin/+ mice. 28970547 0 57 dep Ginsenosides 0:11 arg1 Rd 21:22 Rd 21:22 Rd 21:22 Ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd reduce polyps formation while reinstate the dysbiotic gut microbiota and the intestinal microenvironment in ApcMin/+ mice. 28970547 0 57 dep Ginsenosides 0:11 arg1 Rb3 13:15 Rb3 13:15 Rb3 13:15 Ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd reduce polyps formation while reinstate the dysbiotic gut microbiota and the intestinal microenvironment in ApcMin/+ mice. 28970547 6 58 theme promoted 1112:1119 arg1 growth 1121:1126 the promoted growth 1108:1126 the promoted growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens 1108:1255 All these changes were correlating with the promoted growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens. 28970547 0 59 from microenvironment 112:127 arg1 mice 141:144 ApcMin/+ mice 132:144 ApcMin/+ mice 132:144 Ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd reduce polyps formation while reinstate the dysbiotic gut microbiota and the intestinal microenvironment in ApcMin/+ mice. 25896305 12 0 theme physiological 1498:1510 arg1 characteristics 1529:1543 its physiological and phylogenetic characteristics 1494:1543 its physiological and phylogenetic characteristics 1494:1543 On the basis of its physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, strain LAM0504(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus vini sp. 25896305 2 1 theme fermentation 234:245 arg1 mud 197:199 a pit mud 191:199 a pit mud of Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation in Sichuan Province, China 191:272 A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated LAM0504(T), was isolated from a pit mud of Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation in Sichuan Province, China. 25896305 10 2 theme predominant 1226:1236 arg1 menaquinone 1238:1248 The predominant menaquinone 1222:1248 The predominant menaquinone 1222:1248 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7. 25896305 10 2 theme predominant 1226:1236 arg1 MK-7 1268:1271 MK-7 1268:1271 MK-7 1268:1271 The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7. 25896305 2 3 theme anaerobic 122:130 arg1 strain 142:147 A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain 100:147 A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain 100:147 A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated LAM0504(T), was isolated from a pit mud of Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation in Sichuan Province, China. 25896305 2 4 theme liquor 219:224 arg1 fermentation 234:245 Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation 204:245 Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation 204:245 A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated LAM0504(T), was isolated from a pit mud of Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation in Sichuan Province, China. 25896305 12 5 theme vini 1667:1670 arg1 sp 1672:1673 the name Paenibacillus vini sp 1644:1673 the name Paenibacillus vini sp 1644:1673 On the basis of its physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, strain LAM0504(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus vini sp. 25896305 4 6 theme 0-3  522:525 arg1 % 526:526 % 526:526 % 526:526 Strain LAM0504(T) was found to be able to grow at 20-48 °C (optimum: 30 °C), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum: 7.0) and 0-3 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %). 25896305 5 7 theme Paenibacillus 662:674 arg1 14798 693:697 Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798 662:697 Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T) 662:700 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 5 7 theme Paenibacillus 662:674 arg1 T 699:699 T 699:699 T 699:699 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 5 8 theme LMG 726:728 arg1 27589 730:734 Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589 703:734 Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) 703:737 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 5 8 theme LMG 726:728 arg1 T 736:736 T 736:736 T 736:736 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 5 9 theme sequence 810:817 arg1 similarity 819:828 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity 788:828 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity 788:828 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 12 10 theme name 1648:1651 arg1 sp 1672:1673 the name Paenibacillus vini sp 1644:1673 the name Paenibacillus vini sp 1644:1673 On the basis of its physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, strain LAM0504(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus vini sp. 25896305 4 11 dep pH 492:493 arg1 optimum 504:510 optimum 504:510 optimum: 7.0 504:515 Strain LAM0504(T) was found to be able to grow at 20-48 °C (optimum: 30 °C), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum: 7.0) and 0-3 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %). 25896305 11 12 theme unidentified 1457:1468 arg1 lipids 1470:1475 three unidentified lipids 1451:1475 three unidentified lipids 1451:1475 The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids and three unidentified lipids. 25896305 11 12 theme unidentified 1457:1468 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1314:1335 diphosphatidylglycerol 1314:1335 diphosphatidylglycerol 1314:1335 The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids and three unidentified lipids. 25896305 9 13 theme meso-diaminopimelic 1196:1214 arg1 acid 1216:1219 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1196:1219 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1196:1219 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25896305 2 14 theme Luzhou 204:209 arg1 fermentation 234:245 Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation 204:245 Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation 204:245 A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated LAM0504(T), was isolated from a pit mud of Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation in Sichuan Province, China. 25896305 5 15 theme Fontibacillus 703:715 arg1 27589 730:734 Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589 703:734 Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) 703:737 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 5 15 theme Fontibacillus 703:715 arg1 T 736:736 T 736:736 T 736:736 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 14 16 theme type 1698:1701 arg1 LAM0504 1713:1719 LAM0504 1713:1719 LAM0504 1713:1719 The type strain is LAM0504(T) (=ACCC 06420(T) = JCM 19842(T)). 25896305 14 16 theme type 1698:1701 arg1 strain 1703:1708 The type strain 1694:1708 The type strain 1694:1708 The type strain is LAM0504(T) (=ACCC 06420(T) = JCM 19842(T)). 25896305 5 17 theme 16S 561:563 arg1 similarity 584:593 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 557:593 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 557:602 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 5 18 theme JCM 689:691 arg1 14798 693:697 Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798 662:697 Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T) 662:700 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 5 18 theme JCM 689:691 arg1 T 699:699 T 699:699 T 699:699 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 5 19 theme gene 570:573 arg1 similarity 584:593 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 557:593 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 557:602 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 12 20 theme Paenibacillus 1619:1631 arg1 genus 1613:1617 the genus Paenibacillus 1609:1631 the genus Paenibacillus 1609:1631 On the basis of its physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, strain LAM0504(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus vini sp. 25896305 1 21 theme fermentation 51:62 arg1 mud 68:70 alcohol fermentation pit mud 43:70 alcohol fermentation pit mud in Sichuan Province, China 43:97 nov., isolated from alcohol fermentation pit mud in Sichuan Province, China. 25896305 3 22 theme LAM0504 291:297 arg1 Cells 275:279 Cells 275:279 Cells of strain LAM0504(T) 275:300 Cells of strain LAM0504(T) were observed to be Gram-stain negative, spore-forming, rod shaped and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 25896305 5 23 theme Paenibacillus 743:755 arg1 12774 773:777 Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774 743:777 Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T) 743:780 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 5 23 theme Paenibacillus 743:755 arg1 T 779:779 T 779:779 T 779:779 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 0 24 theme Paenibacillus 0:12 arg1 vini 14:17 Paenibacillus vini 0:17 Paenibacillus vini 0:17 Paenibacillus vini sp. 25896305 4 25 dep optimum 540:546 arg1 % 553:553 1.0 % 549:553 1.0 % 549:553 Strain LAM0504(T) was found to be able to grow at 20-48 °C (optimum: 30 °C), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum: 7.0) and 0-3 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %). 25896305 7 26 theme 43.0 mol 1007:1014 arg1 content 974:980 The genomic DNA G+C content 954:980 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM0504(T) 954:1001 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM0504(T) was 43.0 mol% as determined by the Tm method. 25896305 7 26 theme 43.0 mol 1007:1014 arg1 % 1015:1015 43.0 mol% 1007:1015 43.0 mol% 1007:1015 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM0504(T) was 43.0 mol% as determined by the Tm method. 25896305 8 27 theme major 1053:1057 arg1 C16:0 1126:1130 C16:0 1126:1130 C16:0 1126:1130 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0504(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25896305 8 27 theme major 1053:1057 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1111:1123 anteiso-C15:0 1111:1123 anteiso-C15:0 1111:1123 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0504(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25896305 8 27 theme major 1053:1057 arg1 acids 1065:1069 The major fatty acids 1049:1069 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0504(T) 1049:1090 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0504(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25896305 8 27 theme major 1053:1057 arg1 iso-C15:0 1136:1144 iso-C15:0 1136:1144 iso-C15:0 1136:1144 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0504(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25896305 14 28 theme =ACCC 1725:1729 arg1 T 1752:1752 T 1752:1752 T 1752:1752 The type strain is LAM0504(T) (=ACCC 06420(T) = JCM 19842(T)). 25896305 14 28 theme =ACCC 1725:1729 arg1 19842 1746:1750 =ACCC 06420(T) = JCM 19842 1725:1750 =ACCC 06420(T) = JCM 19842(T) 1725:1753 The type strain is LAM0504(T) (=ACCC 06420(T) = JCM 19842(T)). 25896305 5 29 theme similarity 584:593 arg1 analysis 595:602 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 557:602 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 557:602 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 4 30 dep optimum 504:510 arg1 7.0 513:515 7.0 513:515 7.0 513:515 Strain LAM0504(T) was found to be able to grow at 20-48 °C (optimum: 30 °C), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum: 7.0) and 0-3 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %). 25896305 9 31 contain contain 1188:1194 arg1 peptidoglycan 1161:1173 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1147:1173 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1147:1173 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25896305 9 31 contain contain 1188:1194 arg2 acid 1216:1219 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1196:1219 meso-diaminopimelic acid 1196:1219 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25896305 8 32 theme strain 1074:1079 arg1 T 1089:1089 T 1089:1089 T 1089:1089 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0504(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25896305 8 32 theme strain 1074:1079 arg1 LAM0504 1081:1087 strain LAM0504 1074:1087 strain LAM0504(T) 1074:1090 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0504(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25896305 12 33 theme strain 1546:1551 arg1 T 1561:1561 T 1561:1561 T 1561:1561 On the basis of its physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, strain LAM0504(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus vini sp. 25896305 12 33 theme strain 1546:1551 arg1 LAM0504 1553:1559 strain LAM0504 1546:1559 strain LAM0504(T) 1546:1562 On the basis of its physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, strain LAM0504(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus vini sp. 25896305 7 34 theme strain 985:990 arg1 T 1000:1000 T 1000:1000 T 1000:1000 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM0504(T) was 43.0 mol% as determined by the Tm method. 25896305 7 34 theme strain 985:990 arg1 LAM0504 992:998 strain LAM0504 985:998 strain LAM0504(T) 985:1001 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM0504(T) was 43.0 mol% as determined by the Tm method. 25896305 3 35 theme peritrichous 392:403 arg1 flagella 405:412 peritrichous flagella 392:412 peritrichous flagella 392:412 Cells of strain LAM0504(T) were observed to be Gram-stain negative, spore-forming, rod shaped and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 25896305 5 36 theme JCM 769:771 arg1 12774 773:777 Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774 743:777 Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T) 743:780 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 5 36 theme JCM 769:771 arg1 T 779:779 T 779:779 T 779:779 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 6 37 theme DNA-DNA 849:855 arg1 hybridization 857:869 The DNA-DNA hybridization 845:869 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0504(T) and P. konsisdensis JCM 14798(T) 845:934 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0504(T) and P. konsisdensis JCM 14798(T) was 53.3 ± 1.2 %. 25896305 5 38 dep similarity 819:828 arg1 % 808:808 % 808:808 % 808:808 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 7 39 theme DNA 966:968 arg1 content 974:980 The genomic DNA G+C content 954:980 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM0504(T) 954:1001 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM0504(T) was 43.0 mol% as determined by the Tm method. 25896305 7 39 theme DNA 966:968 arg1 % 1015:1015 43.0 mol% 1007:1015 43.0 mol% 1007:1015 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM0504(T) was 43.0 mol% as determined by the Tm method. 25896305 5 40 dep % 808:808 arg1 96.8 794:797 96.8 794:797 96.8 794:797 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 5 40 dep % 808:808 arg1 96.7  803:807 96.7  803:807 96.7  803:807 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 11 41 theme polar 1284:1288 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1314:1335 diphosphatidylglycerol 1314:1335 diphosphatidylglycerol 1314:1335 The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids and three unidentified lipids. 25896305 11 41 theme polar 1284:1288 arg1 lipids 1290:1295 The major polar lipids 1274:1295 The major polar lipids 1274:1295 The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids and three unidentified lipids. 25896305 1 42 from mud 68:70 arg1 China 93:97 China 93:97 China 93:97 nov., isolated from alcohol fermentation pit mud in Sichuan Province, China. 25896305 6 43 theme P. 907:908 arg1 T 933:933 T 933:933 T 933:933 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0504(T) and P. konsisdensis JCM 14798(T) was 53.3 ± 1.2 %. 25896305 6 43 theme P. 907:908 arg1 14798 927:931 P. konsisdensis JCM 14798 907:931 P. konsisdensis JCM 14798(T) 907:934 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0504(T) and P. konsisdensis JCM 14798(T) was 53.3 ± 1.2 %. 25896305 2 44 theme bacterial 132:140 arg1 strain 142:147 A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain 100:147 A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain 100:147 A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated LAM0504(T), was isolated from a pit mud of Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation in Sichuan Province, China. 25896305 2 45 theme alcohol 226:232 arg1 fermentation 234:245 Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation 204:245 Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation 204:245 A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated LAM0504(T), was isolated from a pit mud of Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation in Sichuan Province, China. 25896305 12 46 theme Paenibacillus 1653:1665 arg1 sp 1672:1673 the name Paenibacillus vini sp 1644:1673 the name Paenibacillus vini sp 1644:1673 On the basis of its physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, strain LAM0504(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus vini sp. 25896305 14 47 dep LAM0504 1713:1719 arg1 T 1752:1752 T 1752:1752 T 1752:1752 The type strain is LAM0504(T) (=ACCC 06420(T) = JCM 19842(T)). 25896305 14 47 dep LAM0504 1713:1719 arg1 19842 1746:1750 =ACCC 06420(T) = JCM 19842 1725:1750 =ACCC 06420(T) = JCM 19842(T) 1725:1753 The type strain is LAM0504(T) (=ACCC 06420(T) = JCM 19842(T)). 25896305 6 48 theme strain 885:890 arg1 T 900:900 T 900:900 T 900:900 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0504(T) and P. konsisdensis JCM 14798(T) was 53.3 ± 1.2 %. 25896305 6 48 theme strain 885:890 arg1 LAM0504 892:898 strain LAM0504 885:898 strain LAM0504(T) 885:901 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0504(T) and P. konsisdensis JCM 14798(T) was 53.3 ± 1.2 %. 25896305 4 49 dep optimum 475:481 arg1 30 °C 484:488 30 °C 484:488 30 °C 484:488 Strain LAM0504(T) was found to be able to grow at 20-48 °C (optimum: 30 °C), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum: 7.0) and 0-3 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %). 25896305 2 50 theme pit 193:195 arg1 mud 197:199 a pit mud 191:199 a pit mud of Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation in Sichuan Province, China 191:272 A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated LAM0504(T), was isolated from a pit mud of Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation in Sichuan Province, China. 25896305 6 51 dep P. 907:908 arg1 konsisdensis 910:921 konsisdensis 910:921 konsisdensis 910:921 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0504(T) and P. konsisdensis JCM 14798(T) was 53.3 ± 1.2 %. 25896305 2 52 theme flavour 211:217 arg1 fermentation 234:245 Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation 204:245 Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation 204:245 A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated LAM0504(T), was isolated from a pit mud of Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation in Sichuan Province, China. 25896305 9 53 theme cell-wall 1151:1159 arg1 peptidoglycan 1161:1173 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1147:1173 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 1147:1173 The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 25896305 7 54 theme Tm 1038:1039 arg1 method 1041:1046 the Tm method 1034:1046 the Tm method 1034:1046 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM0504(T) was 43.0 mol% as determined by the Tm method. 25896305 6 55 theme hybridization 857:869 arg1 value 871:875 The DNA-DNA hybridization value 845:875 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0504(T) and P. konsisdensis JCM 14798(T) 845:934 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0504(T) and P. konsisdensis JCM 14798(T) was 53.3 ± 1.2 %. 25896305 5 56 theme konsisdensis 676:687 arg1 14798 693:697 Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798 662:697 Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T) 662:700 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 5 56 theme konsisdensis 676:687 arg1 T 699:699 T 699:699 T 699:699 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 3 57 theme strain 284:289 arg1 T 299:299 T 299:299 T 299:299 Cells of strain LAM0504(T) were observed to be Gram-stain negative, spore-forming, rod shaped and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 25896305 3 57 theme strain 284:289 arg1 LAM0504 291:297 strain LAM0504 284:297 strain LAM0504(T) 284:300 Cells of strain LAM0504(T) were observed to be Gram-stain negative, spore-forming, rod shaped and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 25896305 6 58 theme JCM 923:925 arg1 T 933:933 T 933:933 T 933:933 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0504(T) and P. konsisdensis JCM 14798(T) was 53.3 ± 1.2 %. 25896305 6 58 theme JCM 923:925 arg1 14798 927:931 P. konsisdensis JCM 14798 907:931 P. konsisdensis JCM 14798(T) 907:934 The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0504(T) and P. konsisdensis JCM 14798(T) was 53.3 ± 1.2 %. 25896305 4 59 theme % 526:526 arg1 w/v 534:536 w/v 534:536 w/v 534:536 Strain LAM0504(T) was found to be able to grow at 20-48 °C (optimum: 30 °C), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum: 7.0) and 0-3 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %). 25896305 4 59 theme % 526:526 arg1 optimum 540:546 optimum 540:546 optimum 540:546 Strain LAM0504(T) was found to be able to grow at 20-48 °C (optimum: 30 °C), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum: 7.0) and 0-3 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %). 25896305 4 59 theme % 526:526 arg1 NaCl 528:531 0-3 % NaCl 522:531 0-3 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %) 522:554 Strain LAM0504(T) was found to be able to grow at 20-48 °C (optimum: 30 °C), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum: 7.0) and 0-3 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %). 25896305 5 60 theme rRNA 565:568 arg1 similarity 584:593 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 557:593 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 557:602 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 12 61 theme genus 1613:1617 arg1 species 1598:1604 a novel species 1590:1604 a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus vini sp 1590:1673 On the basis of its physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, strain LAM0504(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus vini sp. 25896305 0 62 dep sp 19:20 arg1 vini 14:17 Paenibacillus vini 0:17 Paenibacillus vini 0:17 Paenibacillus vini sp. 25896305 1 63 theme alcohol 43:49 arg1 mud 68:70 alcohol fermentation pit mud 43:70 alcohol fermentation pit mud in Sichuan Province, China 43:97 nov., isolated from alcohol fermentation pit mud in Sichuan Province, China. 25896305 2 64 attach isolated 177:184 arg2 strain 142:147 A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain 100:147 A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain 100:147 A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated LAM0504(T), was isolated from a pit mud of Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation in Sichuan Province, China. 25896305 2 64 attach isolated 177:184 arg1 mud 197:199 a pit mud 191:199 a pit mud of Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation in Sichuan Province, China 191:272 A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated LAM0504(T), was isolated from a pit mud of Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation in Sichuan Province, China. 25896305 12 65 theme novel 1592:1596 arg1 species 1598:1604 a novel species 1590:1604 a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus vini sp 1590:1673 On the basis of its physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, strain LAM0504(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus vini sp. 25896305 1 66 theme pit 64:66 arg1 mud 68:70 alcohol fermentation pit mud 43:70 alcohol fermentation pit mud in Sichuan Province, China 43:97 nov., isolated from alcohol fermentation pit mud in Sichuan Province, China. 25896305 4 67 theme Strain 415:420 arg1 T 430:430 T 430:430 T 430:430 Strain LAM0504(T) was found to be able to grow at 20-48 °C (optimum: 30 °C), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum: 7.0) and 0-3 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %). 25896305 4 67 theme Strain 415:420 arg1 LAM0504 422:428 Strain LAM0504 415:428 Strain LAM0504(T) 415:431 Strain LAM0504(T) was found to be able to grow at 20-48 °C (optimum: 30 °C), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum: 7.0) and 0-3 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum: 1.0 %). 25896305 14 68 theme  = JCM 1739:1744 arg1 T 1752:1752 T 1752:1752 T 1752:1752 The type strain is LAM0504(T) (=ACCC 06420(T) = JCM 19842(T)). 25896305 14 68 theme  = JCM 1739:1744 arg1 19842 1746:1750 =ACCC 06420(T) = JCM 19842 1725:1750 =ACCC 06420(T) = JCM 19842(T) 1725:1753 The type strain is LAM0504(T) (=ACCC 06420(T) = JCM 19842(T)). 25896305 5 69 theme phaseoli 717:724 arg1 27589 730:734 Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589 703:734 Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) 703:737 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 5 69 theme phaseoli 717:724 arg1 T 736:736 T 736:736 T 736:736 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 14 70 theme T 1737:1737 arg1 T 1752:1752 T 1752:1752 T 1752:1752 The type strain is LAM0504(T) (=ACCC 06420(T) = JCM 19842(T)). 25896305 14 70 theme T 1737:1737 arg1 19842 1746:1750 =ACCC 06420(T) = JCM 19842 1725:1750 =ACCC 06420(T) = JCM 19842(T) 1725:1753 The type strain is LAM0504(T) (=ACCC 06420(T) = JCM 19842(T)). 25896305 5 71 theme strain 616:621 arg1 T 631:631 T 631:631 T 631:631 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 5 71 theme strain 616:621 arg1 LAM0504 623:629 strain LAM0504 616:629 strain LAM0504(T) 616:632 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 2 72 from mud 197:199 arg1 China 268:272 China 268:272 China 268:272 A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated LAM0504(T), was isolated from a pit mud of Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation in Sichuan Province, China. 25896305 14 73 theme 06420 1731:1735 arg1 T 1752:1752 T 1752:1752 T 1752:1752 The type strain is LAM0504(T) (=ACCC 06420(T) = JCM 19842(T)). 25896305 14 73 theme 06420 1731:1735 arg1 19842 1746:1750 =ACCC 06420(T) = JCM 19842 1725:1750 =ACCC 06420(T) = JCM 19842(T) 1725:1753 The type strain is LAM0504(T) (=ACCC 06420(T) = JCM 19842(T)). 25896305 11 74 theme unidentified 1390:1401 arg1 phospholipids 1403:1415 two unidentified phospholipids 1386:1415 two unidentified phospholipids 1386:1415 The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids and three unidentified lipids. 25896305 11 74 theme unidentified 1390:1401 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1314:1335 diphosphatidylglycerol 1314:1335 diphosphatidylglycerol 1314:1335 The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids and three unidentified lipids. 25896305 12 75 dep characteristics 1529:1543 arg1 the 1481:1483 the 1481:1483 the 1481:1483 On the basis of its physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, strain LAM0504(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus vini sp. 25896305 12 75 dep characteristics 1529:1543 arg1 basis 1485:1489 basis 1485:1489 basis 1485:1489 On the basis of its physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, strain LAM0504(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus vini sp. 25896305 5 76 theme sequence 575:582 arg1 similarity 584:593 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 557:593 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis 557:602 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 7 77 theme LAM0504 992:998 arg1 content 974:980 The genomic DNA G+C content 954:980 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM0504(T) 954:1001 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM0504(T) was 43.0 mol% as determined by the Tm method. 25896305 7 77 theme LAM0504 992:998 arg1 % 1015:1015 43.0 mol% 1007:1015 43.0 mol% 1007:1015 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM0504(T) was 43.0 mol% as determined by the Tm method. 25896305 8 78 theme fatty 1059:1063 arg1 C16:0 1126:1130 C16:0 1126:1130 C16:0 1126:1130 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0504(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25896305 8 78 theme fatty 1059:1063 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1111:1123 anteiso-C15:0 1111:1123 anteiso-C15:0 1111:1123 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0504(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25896305 8 78 theme fatty 1059:1063 arg1 acids 1065:1069 The major fatty acids 1049:1069 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0504(T) 1049:1090 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0504(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25896305 8 78 theme fatty 1059:1063 arg1 iso-C15:0 1136:1144 iso-C15:0 1136:1144 iso-C15:0 1136:1144 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0504(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25896305 12 79 theme phylogenetic 1516:1527 arg1 characteristics 1529:1543 its physiological and phylogenetic characteristics 1494:1543 its physiological and phylogenetic characteristics 1494:1543 On the basis of its physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, strain LAM0504(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus vini sp. 25896305 11 80 theme unidentified 1422:1433 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1314:1335 diphosphatidylglycerol 1314:1335 diphosphatidylglycerol 1314:1335 The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids and three unidentified lipids. 25896305 11 80 theme unidentified 1422:1433 arg1 glycolipids 1435:1445 two unidentified glycolipids 1418:1445 two unidentified glycolipids 1418:1445 The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids and three unidentified lipids. 25896305 5 81 theme motobuensis 757:767 arg1 12774 773:777 Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774 743:777 Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T) 743:780 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 5 81 theme motobuensis 757:767 arg1 T 779:779 T 779:779 T 779:779 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 7 82 theme G+C 970:972 arg1 content 974:980 The genomic DNA G+C content 954:980 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM0504(T) 954:1001 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM0504(T) was 43.0 mol% as determined by the Tm method. 25896305 7 82 theme G+C 970:972 arg1 % 1015:1015 43.0 mol% 1007:1015 43.0 mol% 1007:1015 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM0504(T) was 43.0 mol% as determined by the Tm method. 25896305 5 83 with related 651:657 arg1 similarity 819:828 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity 788:828 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity 788:828 The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain LAM0504(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus konsisdensis JCM 14798(T), Fontibacillus phaseoli LMG 27589(T) and Paenibacillus motobuensis JCM 12774(T), with 97.0, 96.8 and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively. 25896305 8 84 theme LAM0504 1081:1087 arg1 C16:0 1126:1130 C16:0 1126:1130 C16:0 1126:1130 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0504(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25896305 8 84 theme LAM0504 1081:1087 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1111:1123 anteiso-C15:0 1111:1123 anteiso-C15:0 1111:1123 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0504(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25896305 8 84 theme LAM0504 1081:1087 arg1 acids 1065:1069 The major fatty acids 1049:1069 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0504(T) 1049:1090 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0504(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25896305 8 84 theme LAM0504 1081:1087 arg1 iso-C15:0 1136:1144 iso-C15:0 1136:1144 iso-C15:0 1136:1144 The major fatty acids of strain LAM0504(T) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C15:0. 25896305 7 85 theme genomic 958:964 arg1 content 974:980 The genomic DNA G+C content 954:980 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM0504(T) 954:1001 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM0504(T) was 43.0 mol% as determined by the Tm method. 25896305 7 85 theme genomic 958:964 arg1 % 1015:1015 43.0 mol% 1007:1015 43.0 mol% 1007:1015 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LAM0504(T) was 43.0 mol% as determined by the Tm method. 25896305 2 86 theme novel 102:106 arg1 strain 142:147 A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain 100:147 A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain 100:147 A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated LAM0504(T), was isolated from a pit mud of Luzhou flavour liquor alcohol fermentation in Sichuan Province, China. 25896305 11 87 theme major 1278:1282 arg1 diphosphatidylglycerol 1314:1335 diphosphatidylglycerol 1314:1335 diphosphatidylglycerol 1314:1335 The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids and three unidentified lipids. 25896305 11 87 theme major 1278:1282 arg1 lipids 1290:1295 The major polar lipids 1274:1295 The major polar lipids 1274:1295 The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids and three unidentified lipids. 27231122 6 0 theme ligand 926:931 arg1 interaction 942:952 specific ligand receptor interaction 917:952 specific ligand receptor interaction 917:952 Liposomes containing targeting ligands possessed greater and selective toxicity to ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines due to specific ligand receptor interaction. 27231122 8 1 theme regression 1160:1169 arg1 studies 1171:1177 Tumor regression studies 1154:1177 Tumor regression studies 1154:1177 Tumor regression studies indicated greater tumor suppression with targeted liposomes thereby establishing superiority of the liposomal system. 27231122 2 2 theme polymeric 384:392 arg1 ligands 394:400 polymeric ligands 384:400 polymeric ligands on the liposome surface 384:424 Active targeting is achieved through polymeric ligands on the liposome surface. 27231122 5 3 theme acidic 775:780 arg1 pH 782:783 acidic pH 775:783 acidic pH 775:783 Systems were observed to release the drug in a sustained manner in acidic pH in vitro. 27231122 6 4 theme specific 917:924 arg1 interaction 942:952 specific ligand receptor interaction 917:952 specific ligand receptor interaction 917:952 Liposomes containing targeting ligands possessed greater and selective toxicity to ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines due to specific ligand receptor interaction. 27231122 8 5 theme targeted 1220:1227 arg1 liposomes 1229:1237 targeted liposomes 1220:1237 targeted liposomes 1220:1237 Tumor regression studies indicated greater tumor suppression with targeted liposomes thereby establishing superiority of the liposomal system. 27231122 6 6 theme targeting 816:824 arg1 ligands 826:832 targeting ligands 816:832 targeting ligands 816:832 Liposomes containing targeting ligands possessed greater and selective toxicity to ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines due to specific ligand receptor interaction. 27231122 0 7 dep In 137:138 arg1 silico 140:145 silico 140:145 silico 140:145 Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma: In silico modeling, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 27231122 0 8 theme hepatocellular 111:124 arg1 carcinoma 126:134 hepatocellular carcinoma 111:134 hepatocellular carcinoma 111:134 Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma: In silico modeling, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 27231122 6 9 theme due 910:912 arg1 lines 904:908 ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines 878:908 ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines due to specific ligand receptor interaction 878:952 Liposomes containing targeting ligands possessed greater and selective toxicity to ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines due to specific ligand receptor interaction. 27231122 10 10 theme targeting 1644:1652 arg1 formulation 1663:1673 active targeting liposome formulation 1637:1673 active targeting liposome formulation 1637:1673 This can be seen as a demonstration of the utility of this methodology as a rational design tool for active targeting liposome formulation. 27231122 3 11 theme gradient 579:586 arg1 method 588:593 the ammonium sulphate gradient method 557:593 the ammonium sulphate gradient method 557:593 The liposomes were prepared using reverse phase evaporation method and doxorubicin hydrocholoride, a model drug, was loaded using the ammonium sulphate gradient method. 27231122 9 12 theme molecular 1421:1429 arg1 MD 1441:1442 MD 1441:1442 MD 1441:1442 In this work, we used a novel methodology to guide the determination of the optimal composition of the targeting liposomes: molecular dynamics (MD) simulation that aided our understanding of the behaviour of the ligand within the bilayer. 27231122 9 12 theme molecular 1421:1429 arg1 dynamics 1431:1438 molecular dynamics 1421:1438 molecular dynamics (MD) simulation that aided our understanding of the behaviour of the ligand within the bilayer 1421:1533 In this work, we used a novel methodology to guide the determination of the optimal composition of the targeting liposomes: molecular dynamics (MD) simulation that aided our understanding of the behaviour of the ligand within the bilayer. 27231122 0 13 theme In 137:138 arg1 modeling 147:154 In silico modeling 137:154 In silico modeling 137:154 Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma: In silico modeling, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 27231122 7 14 theme formulated 1130:1139 arg1 nanosystems 1141:1151 formulated nanosystems 1130:1151 formulated nanosystems 1130:1151 Bio-distribution studies revealed that liposomes were concentrated in the liver even after 3h of administration, thus providing conclusive evidence of targeting potential for formulated nanosystems. 27231122 8 15 theme greater 1189:1195 arg1 suppression 1203:1213 greater tumor suppression 1189:1213 greater tumor suppression 1189:1213 Tumor regression studies indicated greater tumor suppression with targeted liposomes thereby establishing superiority of the liposomal system. 27231122 4 16 dep efficiency 696:705 arg1 % 683:683 % 683:683 % 683:683 Liposomes loaded with DOX were found to have a particle size of 200nm with more than 90% entrapment efficiency. 27231122 3 17 theme phase 469:473 arg1 method 487:492 reverse phase evaporation method 461:492 reverse phase evaporation method 461:492 The liposomes were prepared using reverse phase evaporation method and doxorubicin hydrocholoride, a model drug, was loaded using the ammonium sulphate gradient method. 27231122 10 18 theme active 1637:1642 arg1 formulation 1663:1673 active targeting liposome formulation 1637:1673 active targeting liposome formulation 1637:1673 This can be seen as a demonstration of the utility of this methodology as a rational design tool for active targeting liposome formulation. 27231122 6 19 theme cell 899:902 arg1 lines 904:908 ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines 878:908 ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines due to specific ligand receptor interaction 878:952 Liposomes containing targeting ligands possessed greater and selective toxicity to ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines due to specific ligand receptor interaction. 27231122 8 20 theme system 1289:1294 arg1 superiority 1260:1270 superiority 1260:1270 superiority of the liposomal system 1260:1294 Tumor regression studies indicated greater tumor suppression with targeted liposomes thereby establishing superiority of the liposomal system. 27231122 7 21 theme Bio-distribution 955:970 arg1 studies 972:978 Bio-distribution studies 955:978 Bio-distribution studies 955:978 Bio-distribution studies revealed that liposomes were concentrated in the liver even after 3h of administration, thus providing conclusive evidence of targeting potential for formulated nanosystems. 27231122 3 22 theme ammonium 561:568 arg1 method 588:593 the ammonium sulphate gradient method 557:593 the ammonium sulphate gradient method 557:593 The liposomes were prepared using reverse phase evaporation method and doxorubicin hydrocholoride, a model drug, was loaded using the ammonium sulphate gradient method. 27231122 3 23 theme evaporation 475:485 arg1 method 487:492 reverse phase evaporation method 461:492 reverse phase evaporation method 461:492 The liposomes were prepared using reverse phase evaporation method and doxorubicin hydrocholoride, a model drug, was loaded using the ammonium sulphate gradient method. 27231122 6 24 theme HepG2 893:897 arg1 lines 904:908 ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines 878:908 ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines due to specific ligand receptor interaction 878:952 Liposomes containing targeting ligands possessed greater and selective toxicity to ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines due to specific ligand receptor interaction. 27231122 7 25 theme potential 1116:1124 arg1 evidence 1094:1101 conclusive evidence 1083:1101 conclusive evidence of targeting potential for formulated nanosystems 1083:1151 Bio-distribution studies revealed that liposomes were concentrated in the liver even after 3h of administration, thus providing conclusive evidence of targeting potential for formulated nanosystems. 27231122 5 26 theme sustained 755:763 arg1 manner 765:770 a sustained manner 753:770 a sustained manner 753:770 Systems were observed to release the drug in a sustained manner in acidic pH in vitro. 27231122 2 27 theme liposome 409:416 arg1 surface 418:424 the liposome surface 405:424 the liposome surface 405:424 Active targeting is achieved through polymeric ligands on the liposome surface. 27231122 7 28 theme conclusive 1083:1092 arg1 evidence 1094:1101 conclusive evidence 1083:1101 conclusive evidence of targeting potential for formulated nanosystems 1083:1151 Bio-distribution studies revealed that liposomes were concentrated in the liver even after 3h of administration, thus providing conclusive evidence of targeting potential for formulated nanosystems. 27231122 4 29 contain have 636:639 arg2 size 652:655 a particle size 641:655 a particle size of 200nm 641:664 Liposomes loaded with DOX were found to have a particle size of 200nm with more than 90% entrapment efficiency. 27231122 4 29 contain have 636:639 arg1 Liposomes 596:604 Liposomes 596:604 Liposomes loaded with DOX 596:620 Liposomes loaded with DOX were found to have a particle size of 200nm with more than 90% entrapment efficiency. 27231122 9 30 theme dynamics 1431:1438 arg1 simulation 1445:1454 molecular dynamics (MD) simulation 1421:1454 molecular dynamics (MD) simulation that aided our understanding of the behaviour of the ligand within the bilayer 1421:1533 In this work, we used a novel methodology to guide the determination of the optimal composition of the targeting liposomes: molecular dynamics (MD) simulation that aided our understanding of the behaviour of the ligand within the bilayer. 27231122 3 31 theme reverse 461:467 arg1 method 487:492 reverse phase evaporation method 461:492 reverse phase evaporation method 461:492 The liposomes were prepared using reverse phase evaporation method and doxorubicin hydrocholoride, a model drug, was loaded using the ammonium sulphate gradient method. 27231122 10 32 theme design 1621:1626 arg1 tool 1628:1631 a rational design tool 1610:1631 a rational design tool for active targeting liposome formulation 1610:1673 This can be seen as a demonstration of the utility of this methodology as a rational design tool for active targeting liposome formulation. 27231122 2 33 from ligands 394:400 arg1 surface 418:424 the liposome surface 405:424 the liposome surface 405:424 Active targeting is achieved through polymeric ligands on the liposome surface. 27231122 3 34 theme doxorubicin 498:508 arg1 drug 534:537 a model drug 526:537 a model drug 526:537 The liposomes were prepared using reverse phase evaporation method and doxorubicin hydrocholoride, a model drug, was loaded using the ammonium sulphate gradient method. 27231122 3 34 theme doxorubicin 498:508 arg1 hydrocholoride 510:523 doxorubicin hydrocholoride 498:523 doxorubicin hydrocholoride 498:523 The liposomes were prepared using reverse phase evaporation method and doxorubicin hydrocholoride, a model drug, was loaded using the ammonium sulphate gradient method. 27231122 0 35 theme cholesterol 10:20 arg1 arabinogalactan 22:36 cholesterol arabinogalactan 10:36 cholesterol arabinogalactan 10:36 Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma: In silico modeling, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 27231122 1 36 theme effective 298:306 arg1 treatment 308:316 effective treatment 298:316 effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma 298:344 We have developed active targeting liposomes to deliver anticancer agents to ASGPR which will contribute to effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. 27231122 7 37 theme targeting 1106:1114 arg1 potential 1116:1124 targeting potential 1106:1124 targeting potential 1106:1124 Bio-distribution studies revealed that liposomes were concentrated in the liver even after 3h of administration, thus providing conclusive evidence of targeting potential for formulated nanosystems. 27231122 6 38 theme positive 884:891 arg1 lines 904:908 ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines 878:908 ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines due to specific ligand receptor interaction 878:952 Liposomes containing targeting ligands possessed greater and selective toxicity to ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines due to specific ligand receptor interaction. 27231122 10 39 theme utility 1579:1585 arg1 This 1536:1539 This 1536:1539 This 1536:1539 This can be seen as a demonstration of the utility of this methodology as a rational design tool for active targeting liposome formulation. 27231122 10 39 theme utility 1579:1585 arg1 demonstration 1558:1570 a demonstration 1556:1570 a demonstration of the utility of this methodology as a rational design tool for active targeting liposome formulation 1556:1673 This can be seen as a demonstration of the utility of this methodology as a rational design tool for active targeting liposome formulation. 27231122 1 40 theme active 208:213 arg1 liposomes 225:233 active targeting liposomes 208:233 active targeting liposomes 208:233 We have developed active targeting liposomes to deliver anticancer agents to ASGPR which will contribute to effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. 27231122 0 41 theme liposomes 47:55 arg1 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma 0:134 Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma: In silico modeling, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 27231122 0 41 theme liposomes 47:55 arg1 evaluation 178:187 in vitro and in vivo evaluation 157:187 in vitro and in vivo evaluation 157:187 Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma: In silico modeling, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 27231122 9 42 theme liposomes 1410:1418 arg1 composition 1381:1391 the optimal composition 1369:1391 the optimal composition of the targeting liposomes 1369:1418 In this work, we used a novel methodology to guide the determination of the optimal composition of the targeting liposomes: molecular dynamics (MD) simulation that aided our understanding of the behaviour of the ligand within the bilayer. 27231122 0 43 theme in 157:158 arg1 evaluation 178:187 in vitro and in vivo evaluation 157:187 in vitro and in vivo evaluation 157:187 Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma: In silico modeling, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 27231122 0 43 theme in 157:158 arg1 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma 0:134 Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma: In silico modeling, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 27231122 6 44 theme ASGPR 878:882 arg1 lines 904:908 ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines 878:908 ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines due to specific ligand receptor interaction 878:952 Liposomes containing targeting ligands possessed greater and selective toxicity to ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines due to specific ligand receptor interaction. 27231122 6 45 contain possessed 834:842 arg2 greater 844:850 greater 844:850 greater 844:850 Liposomes containing targeting ligands possessed greater and selective toxicity to ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines due to specific ligand receptor interaction. 27231122 6 45 contain possessed 834:842 arg1 Liposomes 795:803 Liposomes 795:803 Liposomes containing targeting ligands 795:832 Liposomes containing targeting ligands possessed greater and selective toxicity to ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines due to specific ligand receptor interaction. 27231122 6 45 contain possessed 834:842 arg2 toxicity 866:873 selective toxicity 856:873 selective toxicity 856:873 Liposomes containing targeting ligands possessed greater and selective toxicity to ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines due to specific ligand receptor interaction. 27231122 1 46 theme targeting 215:223 arg1 liposomes 225:233 active targeting liposomes 208:233 active targeting liposomes 208:233 We have developed active targeting liposomes to deliver anticancer agents to ASGPR which will contribute to effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. 27231122 0 47 theme anchored 38:45 arg1 liposomes 47:55 cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes 10:55 cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes 10:55 Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma: In silico modeling, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 27231122 8 48 theme liposomal 1279:1287 arg1 system 1289:1294 the liposomal system 1275:1294 the liposomal system 1275:1294 Tumor regression studies indicated greater tumor suppression with targeted liposomes thereby establishing superiority of the liposomal system. 27231122 8 49 theme tumor 1197:1201 arg1 suppression 1203:1213 greater tumor suppression 1189:1213 greater tumor suppression 1189:1213 Tumor regression studies indicated greater tumor suppression with targeted liposomes thereby establishing superiority of the liposomal system. 27231122 4 50 theme particle 643:650 arg1 size 652:655 a particle size 641:655 a particle size of 200nm 641:664 Liposomes loaded with DOX were found to have a particle size of 200nm with more than 90% entrapment efficiency. 27231122 4 51 theme 200nm 660:664 arg1 size 652:655 a particle size 641:655 a particle size of 200nm 641:664 Liposomes loaded with DOX were found to have a particle size of 200nm with more than 90% entrapment efficiency. 27231122 0 52 theme asialoglycoprotein 61:78 arg1 targeting 98:106 asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting 61:106 asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma 61:134 Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma: In silico modeling, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 27231122 1 53 theme hepatocellular 321:334 arg1 carcinoma 336:344 hepatocellular carcinoma 321:344 hepatocellular carcinoma 321:344 We have developed active targeting liposomes to deliver anticancer agents to ASGPR which will contribute to effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. 27231122 8 54 theme Tumor 1154:1158 arg1 studies 1171:1177 Tumor regression studies 1154:1177 Tumor regression studies 1154:1177 Tumor regression studies indicated greater tumor suppression with targeted liposomes thereby establishing superiority of the liposomal system. 27231122 5 55 from drug 745:748 arg1 manner 765:770 a sustained manner 753:770 a sustained manner 753:770 Systems were observed to release the drug in a sustained manner in acidic pH in vitro. 27231122 5 55 from drug 745:748 arg1 pH 782:783 acidic pH 775:783 acidic pH 775:783 Systems were observed to release the drug in a sustained manner in acidic pH in vitro. 27231122 9 56 theme optimal 1373:1379 arg1 composition 1381:1391 the optimal composition 1369:1391 the optimal composition of the targeting liposomes 1369:1418 In this work, we used a novel methodology to guide the determination of the optimal composition of the targeting liposomes: molecular dynamics (MD) simulation that aided our understanding of the behaviour of the ligand within the bilayer. 27231122 3 57 theme model 528:532 arg1 drug 534:537 a model drug 526:537 a model drug 526:537 The liposomes were prepared using reverse phase evaporation method and doxorubicin hydrocholoride, a model drug, was loaded using the ammonium sulphate gradient method. 27231122 3 57 theme model 528:532 arg1 hydrocholoride 510:523 doxorubicin hydrocholoride 498:523 doxorubicin hydrocholoride 498:523 The liposomes were prepared using reverse phase evaporation method and doxorubicin hydrocholoride, a model drug, was loaded using the ammonium sulphate gradient method. 27231122 9 58 used used 1314:1317 arg2 we 1311:1312 we 1311:1312 we 1311:1312 In this work, we used a novel methodology to guide the determination of the optimal composition of the targeting liposomes: molecular dynamics (MD) simulation that aided our understanding of the behaviour of the ligand within the bilayer. 27231122 1 59 theme carcinoma 336:344 arg1 treatment 308:316 effective treatment 298:316 effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma 298:344 We have developed active targeting liposomes to deliver anticancer agents to ASGPR which will contribute to effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. 27231122 6 60 theme selective 856:864 arg1 toxicity 866:873 selective toxicity 856:873 selective toxicity 856:873 Liposomes containing targeting ligands possessed greater and selective toxicity to ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines due to specific ligand receptor interaction. 27231122 0 61 dep anchored 38:45 arg1 arabinogalactan 22:36 cholesterol arabinogalactan 10:36 cholesterol arabinogalactan 10:36 Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma: In silico modeling, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 27231122 0 62 dep in 170:171 arg1 vivo 173:176 vivo 173:176 vivo 173:176 Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma: In silico modeling, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 27231122 0 63 gly asialoglycoprotein 61:78 arg1 asialoglycoprotein 61:78 asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting 61:106 asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma 61:134 Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma: In silico modeling, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 27231122 7 64 theme administration 1052:1065 arg1 3h 1046:1047 3h 1046:1047 3h of administration 1046:1065 Bio-distribution studies revealed that liposomes were concentrated in the liver even after 3h of administration, thus providing conclusive evidence of targeting potential for formulated nanosystems. 27231122 4 65 dep % 683:683 arg1 90 681:682 90 681:682 90 681:682 Liposomes loaded with DOX were found to have a particle size of 200nm with more than 90% entrapment efficiency. 27231122 9 66 theme targeting 1400:1408 arg1 liposomes 1410:1418 the targeting liposomes 1396:1418 the targeting liposomes 1396:1418 In this work, we used a novel methodology to guide the determination of the optimal composition of the targeting liposomes: molecular dynamics (MD) simulation that aided our understanding of the behaviour of the ligand within the bilayer. 27231122 10 67 theme methodology 1595:1605 arg1 utility 1579:1585 the utility 1575:1585 the utility of this methodology as a rational design tool for active targeting liposome formulation 1575:1673 This can be seen as a demonstration of the utility of this methodology as a rational design tool for active targeting liposome formulation. 27231122 0 68 theme in 170:171 arg1 evaluation 178:187 in vitro and in vivo evaluation 157:187 in vitro and in vivo evaluation 157:187 Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma: In silico modeling, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 27231122 0 68 theme in 170:171 arg1 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma 0:134 Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma: In silico modeling, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 27231122 9 69 theme novel 1321:1325 arg1 methodology 1327:1337 a novel methodology 1319:1337 a novel methodology to guide the determination of the optimal composition of the targeting liposomes 1319:1418 In this work, we used a novel methodology to guide the determination of the optimal composition of the targeting liposomes: molecular dynamics (MD) simulation that aided our understanding of the behaviour of the ligand within the bilayer. 27231122 3 70 theme sulphate 570:577 arg1 method 588:593 the ammonium sulphate gradient method 557:593 the ammonium sulphate gradient method 557:593 The liposomes were prepared using reverse phase evaporation method and doxorubicin hydrocholoride, a model drug, was loaded using the ammonium sulphate gradient method. 27231122 2 71 theme Active 347:352 arg1 targeting 354:362 Active targeting 347:362 Active targeting 347:362 Active targeting is achieved through polymeric ligands on the liposome surface. 27231122 0 72 theme mediated 89:96 arg1 targeting 98:106 asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting 61:106 asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma 61:134 Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma: In silico modeling, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 27231122 9 73 theme composition 1381:1391 arg1 determination 1352:1364 the determination 1348:1364 the determination of the optimal composition of the targeting liposomes 1348:1418 In this work, we used a novel methodology to guide the determination of the optimal composition of the targeting liposomes: molecular dynamics (MD) simulation that aided our understanding of the behaviour of the ligand within the bilayer. 27231122 9 74 theme ligand 1509:1514 arg1 behaviour 1492:1500 the behaviour 1488:1500 the behaviour of the ligand within the bilayer 1488:1533 In this work, we used a novel methodology to guide the determination of the optimal composition of the targeting liposomes: molecular dynamics (MD) simulation that aided our understanding of the behaviour of the ligand within the bilayer. 27231122 0 75 dep in 157:158 arg1 vitro 160:164 vitro 160:164 vitro 160:164 Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma: In silico modeling, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 27231122 9 76 theme behaviour 1492:1500 arg1 understanding 1471:1483 our understanding 1467:1483 our understanding of the behaviour of the ligand within the bilayer 1467:1533 In this work, we used a novel methodology to guide the determination of the optimal composition of the targeting liposomes: molecular dynamics (MD) simulation that aided our understanding of the behaviour of the ligand within the bilayer. 27231122 1 77 theme anticancer 246:255 arg1 agents 257:262 anticancer agents 246:262 anticancer agents 246:262 We have developed active targeting liposomes to deliver anticancer agents to ASGPR which will contribute to effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. 27231122 0 78 theme receptor 80:87 arg1 targeting 98:106 asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting 61:106 asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma 61:134 Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma: In silico modeling, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 27231122 6 79 theme receptor 933:940 arg1 interaction 942:952 specific ligand receptor interaction 917:952 specific ligand receptor interaction 917:952 Liposomes containing targeting ligands possessed greater and selective toxicity to ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines due to specific ligand receptor interaction. 27231122 0 80 dep Design 0:5 arg1 modeling 147:154 In silico modeling 137:154 In silico modeling 137:154 Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma: In silico modeling, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. 27231122 10 81 theme rational 1612:1619 arg1 tool 1628:1631 a rational design tool 1610:1631 a rational design tool for active targeting liposome formulation 1610:1673 This can be seen as a demonstration of the utility of this methodology as a rational design tool for active targeting liposome formulation. 27231122 4 82 theme entrapment 685:694 arg1 efficiency 696:705 more than 90% entrapment efficiency 671:705 more than 90% entrapment efficiency 671:705 Liposomes loaded with DOX were found to have a particle size of 200nm with more than 90% entrapment efficiency. 27231122 10 83 theme liposome 1654:1661 arg1 formulation 1663:1673 active targeting liposome formulation 1637:1673 active targeting liposome formulation 1637:1673 This can be seen as a demonstration of the utility of this methodology as a rational design tool for active targeting liposome formulation. 27231122 6 84 contain containing 805:814 arg2 ligands 826:832 targeting ligands 816:832 targeting ligands 816:832 Liposomes containing targeting ligands possessed greater and selective toxicity to ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines due to specific ligand receptor interaction. 27231122 6 84 contain containing 805:814 arg1 Liposomes 795:803 Liposomes 795:803 Liposomes containing targeting ligands 795:832 Liposomes containing targeting ligands possessed greater and selective toxicity to ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines due to specific ligand receptor interaction. 24248036 6 0 theme surface 932:938 arg1 formation 946:954 surface layer formation 932:954 surface layer formation 932:954 Sensitivity analysis showed that surface layer formation is strongly dependent on the length of remineralisation and demineralisation cycles. 24248036 7 1 theme sugars 1162:1167 arg1 factor 1178:1183 a key factor 1172:1183 a key factor in caries formation 1172:1203 The restoration period is very important and the numerical simulations support the observation that often consumption of sugars is a key factor in caries formation. 24248036 7 1 theme sugars 1162:1167 arg1 consumption 1147:1157 consumption 1147:1157 consumption of sugars 1147:1167 The restoration period is very important and the numerical simulations support the observation that often consumption of sugars is a key factor in caries formation. 24248036 8 2 from content 1241:1247 arg1 enamel 1252:1257 enamel 1252:1257 enamel 1252:1257 The calculated profiles of mineral content in enamel are similar to those observed experimentally. 24248036 6 3 theme remineralisation 995:1010 arg1 cycles 1033:1038 remineralisation and demineralisation cycles 995:1038 remineralisation and demineralisation cycles 995:1038 Sensitivity analysis showed that surface layer formation is strongly dependent on the length of remineralisation and demineralisation cycles. 24248036 1 4 theme subsurface 266:275 arg1 formation 284:292 subsurface lesion formation 266:292 subsurface lesion formation 266:292 Using a one-dimensional mathematical model that couples tooth demineralisation and remineralisation with metabolic processes occurring in the dental plaque, two mechanisms for subsurface lesion formation were evaluated. 24248036 0 5 theme dental 75:80 arg1 plaque 82:87 dental plaque 75:87 dental plaque 75:87 Numerical modelling of tooth enamel subsurface lesion formation induced by dental plaque. 24248036 2 6 with demineralisation 405:420 arg1 composition 536:546 uniform mineral composition 520:546 uniform mineral composition 520:546 It was found that a subsurface lesion can develop only as the result of alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition. 24248036 7 7 theme numerical 1090:1098 arg1 simulations 1100:1110 the numerical simulations 1086:1110 the numerical simulations 1086:1110 The restoration period is very important and the numerical simulations support the observation that often consumption of sugars is a key factor in caries formation. 24248036 9 8 theme pre-imposed 1549:1559 arg1 gradients 1561:1569 any pre-imposed gradients 1545:1569 any pre-imposed gradients 1545:1569 Most probably, both studied mechanisms interact in vivo in the process of caries development, but the simplest explanation for subsurface lesion formation remains the alternation between demineralisation and remineralisation cycles without any pre-imposed gradients. 24248036 1 9 theme lesion 277:282 arg1 formation 284:292 subsurface lesion formation 266:292 subsurface lesion formation 266:292 Using a one-dimensional mathematical model that couples tooth demineralisation and remineralisation with metabolic processes occurring in the dental plaque, two mechanisms for subsurface lesion formation were evaluated. 24248036 9 10 theme lesion 1443:1448 arg1 formation 1450:1458 subsurface lesion formation 1432:1458 subsurface lesion formation 1432:1458 Most probably, both studied mechanisms interact in vivo in the process of caries development, but the simplest explanation for subsurface lesion formation remains the alternation between demineralisation and remineralisation cycles without any pre-imposed gradients. 24248036 5 11 theme layer 849:853 arg1 thickness 824:832 A nearly constant thickness 806:832 A nearly constant thickness of the surface layer 806:853 A nearly constant thickness of the surface layer was obtained with both proposed mechanisms. 24248036 2 12 theme mineral 528:534 arg1 composition 536:546 uniform mineral composition 520:546 uniform mineral composition 520:546 It was found that a subsurface lesion can develop only as the result of alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition. 24248036 4 13 theme tooth 758:762 arg1 surface 764:770 the tooth surface 754:770 the tooth surface that decreases enamel solubility 754:803 The subsurface lesion formation can also be explained by assuming the existence of a fluoride-containing layer at the tooth surface that decreases enamel solubility. 24248036 4 14 theme subsurface 644:653 arg1 formation 662:670 The subsurface lesion formation 640:670 The subsurface lesion formation 640:670 The subsurface lesion formation can also be explained by assuming the existence of a fluoride-containing layer at the tooth surface that decreases enamel solubility. 24248036 2 15 theme uniform 520:526 arg1 composition 536:546 uniform mineral composition 520:546 uniform mineral composition 520:546 It was found that a subsurface lesion can develop only as the result of alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition. 24248036 2 16 from remineralisation 465:480 arg1 enamel 508:513 tooth enamel 502:513 tooth enamel 502:513 It was found that a subsurface lesion can develop only as the result of alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition. 24248036 4 17 theme layer 745:749 arg1 existence 710:718 the existence 706:718 the existence of a fluoride-containing layer 706:749 The subsurface lesion formation can also be explained by assuming the existence of a fluoride-containing layer at the tooth surface that decreases enamel solubility. 24248036 9 18 theme demineralisation 1492:1507 arg1 cycles 1530:1535 demineralisation and remineralisation cycles 1492:1535 demineralisation and remineralisation cycles without any pre-imposed gradients 1492:1569 Most probably, both studied mechanisms interact in vivo in the process of caries development, but the simplest explanation for subsurface lesion formation remains the alternation between demineralisation and remineralisation cycles without any pre-imposed gradients. 24248036 2 19 theme demineralisation 405:420 arg1 periods 394:400 alternating periods 382:400 alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition 382:546 It was found that a subsurface lesion can develop only as the result of alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition. 24248036 2 20 theme remineralisation 465:480 arg1 periods 394:400 alternating periods 382:400 alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition 382:546 It was found that a subsurface lesion can develop only as the result of alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition. 24248036 7 21 theme restoration 1045:1055 arg1 important 1072:1080 important 1072:1080 important 1072:1080 The restoration period is very important and the numerical simulations support the observation that often consumption of sugars is a key factor in caries formation. 24248036 7 21 theme restoration 1045:1055 arg1 period 1057:1062 The restoration period 1041:1062 The restoration period 1041:1062 The restoration period is very important and the numerical simulations support the observation that often consumption of sugars is a key factor in caries formation. 24248036 6 22 theme cycles 1033:1038 arg1 length 985:990 the length 981:990 the length of remineralisation and demineralisation cycles 981:1038 Sensitivity analysis showed that surface layer formation is strongly dependent on the length of remineralisation and demineralisation cycles. 24248036 5 23 theme constant 815:822 arg1 thickness 824:832 A nearly constant thickness 806:832 A nearly constant thickness of the surface layer 806:853 A nearly constant thickness of the surface layer was obtained with both proposed mechanisms. 24248036 1 24 theme metabolic 195:203 arg1 processes 205:213 metabolic processes 195:213 metabolic processes occurring in the dental plaque 195:244 Using a one-dimensional mathematical model that couples tooth demineralisation and remineralisation with metabolic processes occurring in the dental plaque, two mechanisms for subsurface lesion formation were evaluated. 24248036 8 25 theme calculated 1210:1219 arg1 similar 1263:1269 similar 1263:1269 similar 1263:1269 The calculated profiles of mineral content in enamel are similar to those observed experimentally. 24248036 8 25 theme calculated 1210:1219 arg1 profiles 1221:1228 The calculated profiles 1206:1228 The calculated profiles of mineral content in enamel 1206:1257 The calculated profiles of mineral content in enamel are similar to those observed experimentally. 24248036 8 26 from enamel 1252:1257 arg1 similar 1263:1269 similar 1263:1269 similar 1263:1269 The calculated profiles of mineral content in enamel are similar to those observed experimentally. 24248036 8 26 from enamel 1252:1257 arg1 profiles 1221:1228 The calculated profiles 1206:1228 The calculated profiles of mineral content in enamel 1206:1257 The calculated profiles of mineral content in enamel are similar to those observed experimentally. 24248036 2 27 theme subsurface 330:339 arg1 lesion 341:346 a subsurface lesion 328:346 a subsurface lesion 328:346 It was found that a subsurface lesion can develop only as the result of alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition. 24248036 6 28 theme Sensitivity 899:909 arg1 analysis 911:918 Sensitivity analysis 899:918 Sensitivity analysis 899:918 Sensitivity analysis showed that surface layer formation is strongly dependent on the length of remineralisation and demineralisation cycles. 24248036 2 29 theme periods 394:400 arg1 result 372:377 the result 368:377 the result of alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition 368:546 It was found that a subsurface lesion can develop only as the result of alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition. 24248036 0 30 theme Numerical 0:8 arg1 modelling 10:18 Numerical modelling 0:18 Numerical modelling of tooth enamel subsurface lesion formation 0:62 Numerical modelling of tooth enamel subsurface lesion formation induced by dental plaque. 24248036 6 31 theme demineralisation 1016:1031 arg1 cycles 1033:1038 remineralisation and demineralisation cycles 995:1038 remineralisation and demineralisation cycles 995:1038 Sensitivity analysis showed that surface layer formation is strongly dependent on the length of remineralisation and demineralisation cycles. 24248036 3 32 theme minimum 574:580 arg1 thickness 589:597 a minimum plaque thickness 572:597 a minimum plaque thickness that can induce an enamel lesion 572:630 It was also shown that a minimum plaque thickness that can induce an enamel lesion exists. 24248036 2 33 theme alternating 382:392 arg1 periods 394:400 alternating periods 382:400 alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition 382:546 It was found that a subsurface lesion can develop only as the result of alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition. 24248036 0 34 theme tooth 23:27 arg1 formation 54:62 tooth enamel subsurface lesion formation 23:62 tooth enamel subsurface lesion formation 23:62 Numerical modelling of tooth enamel subsurface lesion formation induced by dental plaque. 24248036 4 35 theme fluoride-containing 725:743 arg1 layer 745:749 a fluoride-containing layer 723:749 a fluoride-containing layer 723:749 The subsurface lesion formation can also be explained by assuming the existence of a fluoride-containing layer at the tooth surface that decreases enamel solubility. 24248036 8 36 theme mineral 1233:1239 arg1 content 1241:1247 mineral content 1233:1247 mineral content in enamel 1233:1257 The calculated profiles of mineral content in enamel are similar to those observed experimentally. 24248036 9 37 theme remineralisation 1513:1528 arg1 cycles 1530:1535 demineralisation and remineralisation cycles 1492:1535 demineralisation and remineralisation cycles without any pre-imposed gradients 1492:1569 Most probably, both studied mechanisms interact in vivo in the process of caries development, but the simplest explanation for subsurface lesion formation remains the alternation between demineralisation and remineralisation cycles without any pre-imposed gradients. 24248036 2 38 theme sugar 442:446 arg1 consumption 448:458 sugar consumption 442:458 sugar consumption 442:458 It was found that a subsurface lesion can develop only as the result of alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition. 24248036 1 39 theme one-dimensional 98:112 arg1 model 127:131 a one-dimensional mathematical model 96:131 a one-dimensional mathematical model that couples tooth demineralisation and remineralisation with metabolic processes occurring in the dental plaque 96:244 Using a one-dimensional mathematical model that couples tooth demineralisation and remineralisation with metabolic processes occurring in the dental plaque, two mechanisms for subsurface lesion formation were evaluated. 24248036 5 40 theme surface 841:847 arg1 layer 849:853 the surface layer 837:853 the surface layer 837:853 A nearly constant thickness of the surface layer was obtained with both proposed mechanisms. 24248036 0 41 theme subsurface 36:45 arg1 formation 54:62 tooth enamel subsurface lesion formation 23:62 tooth enamel subsurface lesion formation 23:62 Numerical modelling of tooth enamel subsurface lesion formation induced by dental plaque. 24248036 9 42 theme caries 1379:1384 arg1 development 1386:1396 caries development 1379:1396 caries development 1379:1396 Most probably, both studied mechanisms interact in vivo in the process of caries development, but the simplest explanation for subsurface lesion formation remains the alternation between demineralisation and remineralisation cycles without any pre-imposed gradients. 24248036 1 43 theme dental 232:237 arg1 plaque 239:244 the dental plaque 228:244 the dental plaque 228:244 Using a one-dimensional mathematical model that couples tooth demineralisation and remineralisation with metabolic processes occurring in the dental plaque, two mechanisms for subsurface lesion formation were evaluated. 24248036 5 44 theme proposed 878:885 arg1 mechanisms 887:896 both proposed mechanisms 873:896 both proposed mechanisms 873:896 A nearly constant thickness of the surface layer was obtained with both proposed mechanisms. 24248036 2 45 theme acid 423:426 arg1 attack 428:433 acid attack 423:433 acid attack during sugar consumption 423:458 It was found that a subsurface lesion can develop only as the result of alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition. 24248036 0 46 theme enamel 29:34 arg1 formation 54:62 tooth enamel subsurface lesion formation 23:62 tooth enamel subsurface lesion formation 23:62 Numerical modelling of tooth enamel subsurface lesion formation induced by dental plaque. 24248036 9 47 theme development 1386:1396 arg1 process 1368:1374 the process 1364:1374 the process of caries development 1364:1396 Most probably, both studied mechanisms interact in vivo in the process of caries development, but the simplest explanation for subsurface lesion formation remains the alternation between demineralisation and remineralisation cycles without any pre-imposed gradients. 24248036 2 48 theme resting 483:489 arg1 remineralisation 465:480 remineralisation 465:480 remineralisation (resting period) 465:497 It was found that a subsurface lesion can develop only as the result of alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition. 24248036 2 48 theme resting 483:489 arg1 period 491:496 resting period 483:496 resting period 483:496 It was found that a subsurface lesion can develop only as the result of alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition. 24248036 2 49 from enamel 508:513 arg1 periods 394:400 alternating periods 382:400 alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition 382:546 It was found that a subsurface lesion can develop only as the result of alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition. 24248036 7 50 theme caries 1188:1193 arg1 formation 1195:1203 caries formation 1188:1203 caries formation 1188:1203 The restoration period is very important and the numerical simulations support the observation that often consumption of sugars is a key factor in caries formation. 24248036 2 51 from periods 394:400 arg1 enamel 508:513 tooth enamel 502:513 tooth enamel 502:513 It was found that a subsurface lesion can develop only as the result of alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition. 24248036 0 52 theme formation 54:62 arg1 modelling 10:18 Numerical modelling 0:18 Numerical modelling of tooth enamel subsurface lesion formation 0:62 Numerical modelling of tooth enamel subsurface lesion formation induced by dental plaque. 24248036 8 53 theme content 1241:1247 arg1 similar 1263:1269 similar 1263:1269 similar 1263:1269 The calculated profiles of mineral content in enamel are similar to those observed experimentally. 24248036 8 53 theme content 1241:1247 arg1 profiles 1221:1228 The calculated profiles 1206:1228 The calculated profiles of mineral content in enamel 1206:1257 The calculated profiles of mineral content in enamel are similar to those observed experimentally. 24248036 3 54 theme plaque 582:587 arg1 thickness 589:597 a minimum plaque thickness 572:597 a minimum plaque thickness that can induce an enamel lesion 572:630 It was also shown that a minimum plaque thickness that can induce an enamel lesion exists. 24248036 1 55 theme mathematical 114:125 arg1 model 127:131 a one-dimensional mathematical model 96:131 a one-dimensional mathematical model that couples tooth demineralisation and remineralisation with metabolic processes occurring in the dental plaque 96:244 Using a one-dimensional mathematical model that couples tooth demineralisation and remineralisation with metabolic processes occurring in the dental plaque, two mechanisms for subsurface lesion formation were evaluated. 24248036 0 56 theme lesion 47:52 arg1 formation 54:62 tooth enamel subsurface lesion formation 23:62 tooth enamel subsurface lesion formation 23:62 Numerical modelling of tooth enamel subsurface lesion formation induced by dental plaque. 24248036 8 57 from profiles 1221:1228 arg1 enamel 1252:1257 enamel 1252:1257 enamel 1252:1257 The calculated profiles of mineral content in enamel are similar to those observed experimentally. 24248036 7 58 from factor 1178:1183 arg1 formation 1195:1203 caries formation 1188:1203 caries formation 1188:1203 The restoration period is very important and the numerical simulations support the observation that often consumption of sugars is a key factor in caries formation. 24248036 2 59 from demineralisation 405:420 arg1 enamel 508:513 tooth enamel 502:513 tooth enamel 502:513 It was found that a subsurface lesion can develop only as the result of alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition. 24248036 7 60 theme key 1174:1176 arg1 factor 1178:1183 a key factor 1172:1183 a key factor in caries formation 1172:1203 The restoration period is very important and the numerical simulations support the observation that often consumption of sugars is a key factor in caries formation. 24248036 7 60 theme key 1174:1176 arg1 consumption 1147:1157 consumption 1147:1157 consumption of sugars 1147:1167 The restoration period is very important and the numerical simulations support the observation that often consumption of sugars is a key factor in caries formation. 24248036 3 61 theme enamel 618:623 arg1 lesion 625:630 an enamel lesion 615:630 an enamel lesion 615:630 It was also shown that a minimum plaque thickness that can induce an enamel lesion exists. 24248036 9 62 theme simplest 1407:1414 arg1 explanation 1416:1426 the simplest explanation 1403:1426 the simplest explanation for subsurface lesion formation 1403:1458 Most probably, both studied mechanisms interact in vivo in the process of caries development, but the simplest explanation for subsurface lesion formation remains the alternation between demineralisation and remineralisation cycles without any pre-imposed gradients. 24248036 4 63 theme enamel 787:792 arg1 solubility 794:803 enamel solubility 787:803 enamel solubility 787:803 The subsurface lesion formation can also be explained by assuming the existence of a fluoride-containing layer at the tooth surface that decreases enamel solubility. 24248036 9 64 theme studied 1325:1331 arg1 mechanisms 1333:1342 both studied mechanisms 1320:1342 both studied mechanisms 1320:1342 Most probably, both studied mechanisms interact in vivo in the process of caries development, but the simplest explanation for subsurface lesion formation remains the alternation between demineralisation and remineralisation cycles without any pre-imposed gradients. 24248036 2 65 dep demineralisation 405:420 arg1 attack 428:433 acid attack 423:433 acid attack during sugar consumption 423:458 It was found that a subsurface lesion can develop only as the result of alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition. 24248036 2 66 with remineralisation 465:480 arg1 composition 536:546 uniform mineral composition 520:546 uniform mineral composition 520:546 It was found that a subsurface lesion can develop only as the result of alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition. 24248036 1 67 theme tooth 146:150 arg1 demineralisation 152:167 tooth demineralisation 146:167 tooth demineralisation 146:167 Using a one-dimensional mathematical model that couples tooth demineralisation and remineralisation with metabolic processes occurring in the dental plaque, two mechanisms for subsurface lesion formation were evaluated. 24248036 4 68 theme lesion 655:660 arg1 formation 662:670 The subsurface lesion formation 640:670 The subsurface lesion formation 640:670 The subsurface lesion formation can also be explained by assuming the existence of a fluoride-containing layer at the tooth surface that decreases enamel solubility. 24248036 2 69 theme tooth 502:506 arg1 enamel 508:513 tooth enamel 502:513 tooth enamel 502:513 It was found that a subsurface lesion can develop only as the result of alternating periods of demineralisation (acid attack during sugar consumption) and remineralisation (resting period) in tooth enamel with uniform mineral composition. 24248036 6 70 theme layer 940:944 arg1 formation 946:954 surface layer formation 932:954 surface layer formation 932:954 Sensitivity analysis showed that surface layer formation is strongly dependent on the length of remineralisation and demineralisation cycles. 24248036 9 71 theme subsurface 1432:1441 arg1 formation 1450:1458 subsurface lesion formation 1432:1458 subsurface lesion formation 1432:1458 Most probably, both studied mechanisms interact in vivo in the process of caries development, but the simplest explanation for subsurface lesion formation remains the alternation between demineralisation and remineralisation cycles without any pre-imposed gradients. 26086219 3 0 theme LCD 612:614 arg1 group 617:621 low concentrate diet (LCD) group 590:621 low concentrate diet (LCD) group 590:621 Eight mid-lactating goats with rumen fistula were randomly assigned into a high concentrate diet (HCD) group and low concentrate diet (LCD) group. 26086219 1 1 theme high 242:245 arg1 production 252:261 high milk production 242:261 high milk production in modern milk industry 242:285 High concentrate diets are fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants to meet the energy demands for high milk production in modern milk industry. 26086219 6 2 theme goats 1339:1343 arg1 glands 1329:1334 the mammary glands 1317:1334 the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet 1317:1371 DNA methylation rate of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) was elevated and decreased, and SCD mRNA and protein expression was reduced significantly in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 1 3 theme fed 157:159 arg1 ruminants 201:209 fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants 157:209 fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants 157:209 High concentrate diets are fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants to meet the energy demands for high milk production in modern milk industry. 26086219 1 3 theme fed 157:159 arg1 diets 147:151 High concentrate diets 130:151 High concentrate diets 130:151 High concentrate diets are fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants to meet the energy demands for high milk production in modern milk industry. 26086219 1 4 from production 252:261 arg1 industry 278:285 modern milk industry 266:285 modern milk industry 266:285 High concentrate diets are fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants to meet the energy demands for high milk production in modern milk industry. 26086219 1 5 theme early 164:168 arg1 stages 188:193 early and mid-lactation stages 164:193 early and mid-lactation stages 164:193 High concentrate diets are fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants to meet the energy demands for high milk production in modern milk industry. 26086219 4 6 theme goats 814:818 arg1 milk 792:795 milk 792:795 milk of the lactating goats 792:818 High concentrate diet feeding significantly increased lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in plasma and decreased milk fat content, vaccenic acid (VA) and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk of the lactating goats. 26086219 7 7 theme trans-11 1540:1547 arg1 CLA 1549:1551 trans-11 CLA 1540:1551 trans-11 CLA 1540:1551 In conclusion, feeding a high concentrate diet to lactating goats decreases milk fat and reduced expression of SCD in the mammary gland, which finally induced cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk. 26086219 7 7 theme trans-11 1540:1547 arg1 cis-9 1533:1537 cis-9 1533:1537 cis-9 1533:1537 In conclusion, feeding a high concentrate diet to lactating goats decreases milk fat and reduced expression of SCD in the mammary gland, which finally induced cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk. 26086219 3 8 theme rumen 508:512 arg1 fistula 514:520 rumen fistula 508:520 rumen fistula 508:520 Eight mid-lactating goats with rumen fistula were randomly assigned into a high concentrate diet (HCD) group and low concentrate diet (LCD) group. 26086219 1 9 theme mid-lactation 174:186 arg1 stages 188:193 early and mid-lactation stages 164:193 early and mid-lactation stages 164:193 High concentrate diets are fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants to meet the energy demands for high milk production in modern milk industry. 26086219 7 10 theme lactating 1424:1432 arg1 goats 1434:1438 lactating goats 1424:1438 lactating goats 1424:1438 In conclusion, feeding a high concentrate diet to lactating goats decreases milk fat and reduced expression of SCD in the mammary gland, which finally induced cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk. 26086219 0 11 theme Lactating 113:121 arg1 Goats 123:127 Lactating Goats 113:127 Lactating Goats 113:127 Feeding a High Concentrate Diet Down-Regulates Expression of ACACA, LPL and SCD and Modifies Milk Composition in Lactating Goats. 26086219 5 12 theme acid 941:944 arg1 FASN 958:961 FASN 958:961 FASN 958:961 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and ACACA and LPL all decreased in their expression level in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 5 12 theme acid 941:944 arg1 synthetase 946:955 fatty acid synthetase 935:955 fatty acid synthetase (FASN) 935:962 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and ACACA and LPL all decreased in their expression level in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 1 13 theme dairy 195:199 arg1 ruminants 201:209 fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants 157:209 fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants 157:209 High concentrate diets are fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants to meet the energy demands for high milk production in modern milk industry. 26086219 1 13 theme dairy 195:199 arg1 diets 147:151 High concentrate diets 130:151 High concentrate diets 130:151 High concentrate diets are fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants to meet the energy demands for high milk production in modern milk industry. 26086219 4 14 theme concentrate 629:639 arg1 feeding 646:652 High concentrate diet feeding 624:652 High concentrate diet feeding 624:652 High concentrate diet feeding significantly increased lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in plasma and decreased milk fat content, vaccenic acid (VA) and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk of the lactating goats. 26086219 7 15 theme high 1399:1402 arg1 diet 1416:1419 a high concentrate diet 1397:1419 a high concentrate diet to lactating goats 1397:1438 In conclusion, feeding a high concentrate diet to lactating goats decreases milk fat and reduced expression of SCD in the mammary gland, which finally induced cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk. 26086219 2 16 from expression 446:455 arg1 milk 432:435 milk 432:435 milk 432:435 The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. 26086219 2 16 from expression 446:455 arg1 fat 363:365 milk fat 358:365 milk fat 358:365 The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. 26086219 2 16 from expression 446:455 arg1 composition 376:386 milk composition 371:386 milk composition 371:386 The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. 26086219 7 17 from expression 1471:1480 arg1 gland 1504:1508 the mammary gland 1492:1508 the mammary gland 1492:1508 In conclusion, feeding a high concentrate diet to lactating goats decreases milk fat and reduced expression of SCD in the mammary gland, which finally induced cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk. 26086219 2 18 theme gene 441:444 arg1 expression 446:455 gene expression 441:455 gene expression of lactating goats 441:474 The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. 26086219 5 19 theme mammary 1117:1123 arg1 glands 1125:1130 the mammary glands 1113:1130 the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet 1113:1167 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and ACACA and LPL all decreased in their expression level in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 6 20 theme desaturase 1207:1216 arg1 rate 1186:1189 DNA methylation rate 1170:1189 DNA methylation rate of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) 1170:1222 DNA methylation rate of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) was elevated and decreased, and SCD mRNA and protein expression was reduced significantly in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 5 21 theme acetyl-CoA 968:977 arg1 ACCα 1001:1004 ACCα 1001:1004 ACCα 1001:1004 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and ACACA and LPL all decreased in their expression level in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 5 21 theme acetyl-CoA 968:977 arg1 carboxylase 979:989 acetyl-CoA carboxylase α 968:991 acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism 968:1035 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and ACACA and LPL all decreased in their expression level in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 3 22 theme concentrate 557:567 arg1 group 580:584 a high concentrate diet (HCD) group 550:584 a high concentrate diet (HCD) group 550:584 Eight mid-lactating goats with rumen fistula were randomly assigned into a high concentrate diet (HCD) group and low concentrate diet (LCD) group. 26086219 6 23 theme concentrate 1356:1366 arg1 diet 1368:1371 a high concentrate diet 1349:1371 a high concentrate diet 1349:1371 DNA methylation rate of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) was elevated and decreased, and SCD mRNA and protein expression was reduced significantly in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 1 24 theme High 130:133 arg1 ruminants 201:209 fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants 157:209 fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants 157:209 High concentrate diets are fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants to meet the energy demands for high milk production in modern milk industry. 26086219 1 24 theme High 130:133 arg1 diets 147:151 High concentrate diets 130:151 High concentrate diets 130:151 High concentrate diets are fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants to meet the energy demands for high milk production in modern milk industry. 26086219 0 25 theme LPL 68:70 arg1 Expression 47:56 Expression 47:56 Expression of ACACA, LPL and SCD 47:78 Feeding a High Concentrate Diet Down-Regulates Expression of ACACA, LPL and SCD and Modifies Milk Composition in Lactating Goats. 26086219 2 26 theme goats 470:474 arg1 cis-9 401:405 cis-9 401:405 cis-9 401:405 The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. 26086219 2 26 theme goats 470:474 arg1 expression 446:455 gene expression 441:455 gene expression of lactating goats 441:474 The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. 26086219 2 26 theme goats 470:474 arg1 content 421:427 trans-11 CLA content 408:427 trans-11 CLA content in milk 408:435 The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. 26086219 5 27 theme expression 1093:1102 arg1 level 1104:1108 their expression level 1087:1108 their expression level 1087:1108 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and ACACA and LPL all decreased in their expression level in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 0 28 theme SCD 76:78 arg1 Expression 47:56 Expression 47:56 Expression of ACACA, LPL and SCD 47:78 Feeding a High Concentrate Diet Down-Regulates Expression of ACACA, LPL and SCD and Modifies Milk Composition in Lactating Goats. 26086219 5 29 theme regulatory 858:867 arg1 element 869:875 sterol regulatory element 851:875 sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism 851:1035 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and ACACA and LPL all decreased in their expression level in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 7 30 theme SCD 1485:1487 arg1 fat 1455:1457 milk fat 1450:1457 milk fat 1450:1457 In conclusion, feeding a high concentrate diet to lactating goats decreases milk fat and reduced expression of SCD in the mammary gland, which finally induced cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk. 26086219 7 30 theme SCD 1485:1487 arg1 expression 1471:1480 reduced expression 1463:1480 reduced expression of SCD in the mammary gland, which finally induced cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk 1463:1567 In conclusion, feeding a high concentrate diet to lactating goats decreases milk fat and reduced expression of SCD in the mammary gland, which finally induced cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk. 26086219 5 31 theme high 1147:1150 arg1 diet 1164:1167 a high concentrate diet 1145:1167 a high concentrate diet 1145:1167 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and ACACA and LPL all decreased in their expression level in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 2 32 theme milk 358:361 arg1 fat 363:365 milk fat 358:365 milk fat 358:365 The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. 26086219 2 33 theme diet 350:353 arg1 effects 320:326 the effects 316:326 the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats 316:474 The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. 26086219 1 34 theme milk 247:250 arg1 production 252:261 high milk production 242:261 high milk production in modern milk industry 242:285 High concentrate diets are fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants to meet the energy demands for high milk production in modern milk industry. 26086219 5 35 theme expression 830:839 arg1 levels 841:846 The mRNA expression levels 821:846 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism 821:1035 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and ACACA and LPL all decreased in their expression level in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 0 36 theme High 10:13 arg1 Diet 27:30 a High Concentrate Diet 8:30 a High Concentrate Diet 8:30 Feeding a High Concentrate Diet Down-Regulates Expression of ACACA, LPL and SCD and Modifies Milk Composition in Lactating Goats. 26086219 5 37 theme lipid 1020:1024 arg1 metabolism 1026:1035 lipid metabolism 1020:1035 lipid metabolism 1020:1035 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and ACACA and LPL all decreased in their expression level in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 7 38 theme milk 1450:1453 arg1 fat 1455:1457 milk fat 1450:1457 milk fat 1450:1457 In conclusion, feeding a high concentrate diet to lactating goats decreases milk fat and reduced expression of SCD in the mammary gland, which finally induced cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk. 26086219 1 39 theme milk 273:276 arg1 industry 278:285 modern milk industry 266:285 modern milk industry 266:285 High concentrate diets are fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants to meet the energy demands for high milk production in modern milk industry. 26086219 2 40 theme trans-11 408:415 arg1 CLA 417:419 trans-11 CLA 408:419 trans-11 CLA content in milk 408:435 The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. 26086219 0 41 theme ACACA 61:65 arg1 Expression 47:56 Expression 47:56 Expression of ACACA, LPL and SCD 47:78 Feeding a High Concentrate Diet Down-Regulates Expression of ACACA, LPL and SCD and Modifies Milk Composition in Lactating Goats. 26086219 3 42 with goats 497:501 arg1 fistula 514:520 rumen fistula 508:520 rumen fistula 508:520 Eight mid-lactating goats with rumen fistula were randomly assigned into a high concentrate diet (HCD) group and low concentrate diet (LCD) group. 26086219 5 43 theme lipoprotein 909:919 arg1 LPL 929:931 LPL 929:931 LPL 929:931 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and ACACA and LPL all decreased in their expression level in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 5 43 theme lipoprotein 909:919 arg1 lipase 921:926 lipoprotein lipase 909:926 lipoprotein lipase (LPL) 909:932 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and ACACA and LPL all decreased in their expression level in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 7 44 from content 1553:1559 arg1 milk 1564:1567 milk 1564:1567 milk 1564:1567 In conclusion, feeding a high concentrate diet to lactating goats decreases milk fat and reduced expression of SCD in the mammary gland, which finally induced cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk. 26086219 3 45 theme concentrate 594:604 arg1 group 617:621 low concentrate diet (LCD) group 590:621 low concentrate diet (LCD) group 590:621 Eight mid-lactating goats with rumen fistula were randomly assigned into a high concentrate diet (HCD) group and low concentrate diet (LCD) group. 26086219 4 46 theme fat 733:735 arg1 content 737:743 milk fat content 728:743 milk fat content 728:743 High concentrate diet feeding significantly increased lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in plasma and decreased milk fat content, vaccenic acid (VA) and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk of the lactating goats. 26086219 2 47 theme high 333:336 arg1 diet 350:353 a high concentrate diet 331:353 a high concentrate diet 331:353 The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. 26086219 0 48 from Composition 98:108 arg1 Goats 123:127 Lactating Goats 113:127 Lactating Goats 113:127 Feeding a High Concentrate Diet Down-Regulates Expression of ACACA, LPL and SCD and Modifies Milk Composition in Lactating Goats. 26086219 1 49 theme energy 223:228 arg1 demands 230:236 the energy demands 219:236 the energy demands for high milk production in modern milk industry 219:285 High concentrate diets are fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants to meet the energy demands for high milk production in modern milk industry. 26086219 3 50 theme mid-lactating 483:495 arg1 goats 497:501 Eight mid-lactating goats 477:501 Eight mid-lactating goats with rumen fistula 477:520 Eight mid-lactating goats with rumen fistula were randomly assigned into a high concentrate diet (HCD) group and low concentrate diet (LCD) group. 26086219 6 51 theme SCD 1256:1258 arg1 mRNA 1260:1263 SCD mRNA 1256:1263 SCD mRNA 1256:1263 DNA methylation rate of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) was elevated and decreased, and SCD mRNA and protein expression was reduced significantly in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 4 52 theme trans-11 776:783 arg1 cis-9 769:773 cis-9 769:773 cis-9 769:773 High concentrate diet feeding significantly increased lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in plasma and decreased milk fat content, vaccenic acid (VA) and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk of the lactating goats. 26086219 4 52 theme trans-11 776:783 arg1 CLA 785:787 trans-11 CLA 776:787 trans-11 CLA 776:787 High concentrate diet feeding significantly increased lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in plasma and decreased milk fat content, vaccenic acid (VA) and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk of the lactating goats. 26086219 6 53 theme mammary 1321:1327 arg1 glands 1329:1334 the mammary glands 1317:1334 the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet 1317:1371 DNA methylation rate of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) was elevated and decreased, and SCD mRNA and protein expression was reduced significantly in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 4 54 theme lactating 804:812 arg1 goats 814:818 the lactating goats 800:818 the lactating goats 800:818 High concentrate diet feeding significantly increased lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in plasma and decreased milk fat content, vaccenic acid (VA) and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk of the lactating goats. 26086219 5 55 theme fatty 935:939 arg1 FASN 958:961 FASN 958:961 FASN 958:961 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and ACACA and LPL all decreased in their expression level in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 5 55 theme fatty 935:939 arg1 synthetase 946:955 fatty acid synthetase 935:955 fatty acid synthetase (FASN) 935:962 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and ACACA and LPL all decreased in their expression level in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 7 56 theme concentrate 1404:1414 arg1 diet 1416:1419 a high concentrate diet 1397:1419 a high concentrate diet to lactating goats 1397:1438 In conclusion, feeding a high concentrate diet to lactating goats decreases milk fat and reduced expression of SCD in the mammary gland, which finally induced cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk. 26086219 7 57 from fat 1455:1457 arg1 gland 1504:1508 the mammary gland 1492:1508 the mammary gland 1492:1508 In conclusion, feeding a high concentrate diet to lactating goats decreases milk fat and reduced expression of SCD in the mammary gland, which finally induced cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk. 26086219 4 58 theme High 624:627 arg1 feeding 646:652 High concentrate diet feeding 624:652 High concentrate diet feeding 624:652 High concentrate diet feeding significantly increased lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in plasma and decreased milk fat content, vaccenic acid (VA) and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk of the lactating goats. 26086219 3 59 theme diet 569:572 arg1 group 580:584 a high concentrate diet (HCD) group 550:584 a high concentrate diet (HCD) group 550:584 Eight mid-lactating goats with rumen fistula were randomly assigned into a high concentrate diet (HCD) group and low concentrate diet (LCD) group. 26086219 7 60 theme cis-9 1533:1537 arg1 content 1553:1559 cis-9, trans-11 CLA content 1533:1559 cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk 1533:1567 In conclusion, feeding a high concentrate diet to lactating goats decreases milk fat and reduced expression of SCD in the mammary gland, which finally induced cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk. 26086219 4 61 theme diet 641:644 arg1 feeding 646:652 High concentrate diet feeding 624:652 High concentrate diet feeding 624:652 High concentrate diet feeding significantly increased lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in plasma and decreased milk fat content, vaccenic acid (VA) and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk of the lactating goats. 26086219 3 62 theme high 552:555 arg1 group 580:584 a high concentrate diet (HCD) group 550:584 a high concentrate diet (HCD) group 550:584 Eight mid-lactating goats with rumen fistula were randomly assigned into a high concentrate diet (HCD) group and low concentrate diet (LCD) group. 26086219 6 63 theme methylation 1174:1184 arg1 rate 1186:1189 DNA methylation rate 1170:1189 DNA methylation rate of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) 1170:1222 DNA methylation rate of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) was elevated and decreased, and SCD mRNA and protein expression was reduced significantly in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 6 64 theme stearoyl-CoA 1194:1205 arg1 SCD 1219:1221 SCD 1219:1221 SCD 1219:1221 DNA methylation rate of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) was elevated and decreased, and SCD mRNA and protein expression was reduced significantly in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 6 64 theme stearoyl-CoA 1194:1205 arg1 desaturase 1207:1216 stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1194:1216 stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) 1194:1222 DNA methylation rate of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) was elevated and decreased, and SCD mRNA and protein expression was reduced significantly in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 6 65 theme high 1351:1354 arg1 diet 1368:1371 a high concentrate diet 1349:1371 a high concentrate diet 1349:1371 DNA methylation rate of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) was elevated and decreased, and SCD mRNA and protein expression was reduced significantly in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 1 66 theme concentrate 135:145 arg1 ruminants 201:209 fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants 157:209 fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants 157:209 High concentrate diets are fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants to meet the energy demands for high milk production in modern milk industry. 26086219 1 66 theme concentrate 135:145 arg1 diets 147:151 High concentrate diets 130:151 High concentrate diets 130:151 High concentrate diets are fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants to meet the energy demands for high milk production in modern milk industry. 26086219 2 67 from cis-9 401:405 arg1 milk 432:435 milk 432:435 milk 432:435 The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. 26086219 2 67 from cis-9 401:405 arg1 fat 363:365 milk fat 358:365 milk fat 358:365 The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. 26086219 2 67 from cis-9 401:405 arg1 composition 376:386 milk composition 371:386 milk composition 371:386 The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. 26086219 5 68 theme sterol 851:856 arg1 element 869:875 sterol regulatory element 851:875 sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism 851:1035 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and ACACA and LPL all decreased in their expression level in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 7 69 theme mammary 1496:1502 arg1 gland 1504:1508 the mammary gland 1492:1508 the mammary gland 1492:1508 In conclusion, feeding a high concentrate diet to lactating goats decreases milk fat and reduced expression of SCD in the mammary gland, which finally induced cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk. 26086219 2 70 theme lactating 460:468 arg1 goats 470:474 lactating goats 460:474 lactating goats 460:474 The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. 26086219 6 71 theme DNA 1170:1172 arg1 rate 1186:1189 DNA methylation rate 1170:1189 DNA methylation rate of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) 1170:1222 DNA methylation rate of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) was elevated and decreased, and SCD mRNA and protein expression was reduced significantly in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 5 72 theme element 869:875 arg1 levels 841:846 The mRNA expression levels 821:846 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism 821:1035 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and ACACA and LPL all decreased in their expression level in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 2 73 from content 421:427 arg1 milk 432:435 milk 432:435 milk 432:435 The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. 26086219 2 73 from content 421:427 arg1 fat 363:365 milk fat 358:365 milk fat 358:365 The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. 26086219 2 73 from content 421:427 arg1 composition 376:386 milk composition 371:386 milk composition 371:386 The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. 26086219 5 74 theme concentrate 1152:1162 arg1 diet 1164:1167 a high concentrate diet 1145:1167 a high concentrate diet 1145:1167 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and ACACA and LPL all decreased in their expression level in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 0 75 theme Milk 93:96 arg1 Composition 98:108 Milk Composition 93:108 Milk Composition in Lactating Goats 93:127 Feeding a High Concentrate Diet Down-Regulates Expression of ACACA, LPL and SCD and Modifies Milk Composition in Lactating Goats. 26086219 5 76 theme mRNA 825:828 arg1 levels 841:846 The mRNA expression levels 821:846 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism 821:1035 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and ACACA and LPL all decreased in their expression level in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 2 77 theme concentrate 338:348 arg1 diet 350:353 a high concentrate diet 331:353 a high concentrate diet 331:353 The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. 26086219 0 78 theme Concentrate 15:25 arg1 Diet 27:30 a High Concentrate Diet 8:30 a High Concentrate Diet 8:30 Feeding a High Concentrate Diet Down-Regulates Expression of ACACA, LPL and SCD and Modifies Milk Composition in Lactating Goats. 26086219 7 79 theme reduced 1463:1469 arg1 expression 1471:1480 reduced expression 1463:1480 reduced expression of SCD in the mammary gland, which finally induced cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk 1463:1567 In conclusion, feeding a high concentrate diet to lactating goats decreases milk fat and reduced expression of SCD in the mammary gland, which finally induced cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk. 26086219 5 80 theme goats 1135:1139 arg1 glands 1125:1130 the mammary glands 1113:1130 the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet 1113:1167 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and ACACA and LPL all decreased in their expression level in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 2 81 theme milk 371:374 arg1 composition 376:386 milk composition 371:386 milk composition 371:386 The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. 26086219 1 82 theme modern 266:271 arg1 industry 278:285 modern milk industry 266:285 modern milk industry 266:285 High concentrate diets are fed to early and mid-lactation stages dairy ruminants to meet the energy demands for high milk production in modern milk industry. 26086219 2 83 theme CLA 417:419 arg1 content 421:427 trans-11 CLA content 408:427 trans-11 CLA content in milk 408:435 The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. 26086219 3 84 theme HCD 575:577 arg1 group 580:584 a high concentrate diet (HCD) group 550:584 a high concentrate diet (HCD) group 550:584 Eight mid-lactating goats with rumen fistula were randomly assigned into a high concentrate diet (HCD) group and low concentrate diet (LCD) group. 26086219 3 85 theme diet 606:609 arg1 group 617:621 low concentrate diet (LCD) group 590:621 low concentrate diet (LCD) group 590:621 Eight mid-lactating goats with rumen fistula were randomly assigned into a high concentrate diet (HCD) group and low concentrate diet (LCD) group. 26086219 4 86 theme vaccenic 746:753 arg1 VA 761:762 VA 761:762 VA 761:762 High concentrate diet feeding significantly increased lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in plasma and decreased milk fat content, vaccenic acid (VA) and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk of the lactating goats. 26086219 4 86 theme vaccenic 746:753 arg1 acid 755:758 vaccenic acid 746:758 vaccenic acid (VA) 746:763 High concentrate diet feeding significantly increased lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in plasma and decreased milk fat content, vaccenic acid (VA) and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk of the lactating goats. 26086219 5 87 theme protein 885:891 arg1 B 893:893 protein B 1c 885:896 protein B 1c (SREBP1c) 885:906 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and ACACA and LPL all decreased in their expression level in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 5 87 theme protein 885:891 arg1 SREBP1c 899:905 SREBP1c 899:905 SREBP1c 899:905 The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein B 1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA, ACCα) involving in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and ACACA and LPL all decreased in their expression level in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 26086219 3 88 theme low 590:592 arg1 group 617:621 low concentrate diet (LCD) group 590:621 low concentrate diet (LCD) group 590:621 Eight mid-lactating goats with rumen fistula were randomly assigned into a high concentrate diet (HCD) group and low concentrate diet (LCD) group. 26086219 2 89 theme present 292:298 arg1 study 300:304 The present study 288:304 The present study 288:304 The present study evaluated the effects of a high concentrate diet on milk fat and milk composition, especially, cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk and gene expression of lactating goats. 26086219 4 90 theme milk 728:731 arg1 content 737:743 milk fat content 728:743 milk fat content 728:743 High concentrate diet feeding significantly increased lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in plasma and decreased milk fat content, vaccenic acid (VA) and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk of the lactating goats. 26086219 6 91 theme protein 1269:1275 arg1 expression 1277:1286 protein expression 1269:1286 protein expression 1269:1286 DNA methylation rate of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) was elevated and decreased, and SCD mRNA and protein expression was reduced significantly in the mammary glands of goats fed a high concentrate diet. 27924128 7 0 dep novel 1044:1048 arg1 unexplored 1050:1059 unexplored 1050:1059 unexplored 1050:1059 Thus, both quantity and composition of EPS is affected under different calcium chloride concentrations presenting possibilities of EPS with novel unexplored features that may offer biotechnological applications. 27924128 2 1 theme CaCl2 116:120 arg1 levels 106:111 various levels 98:111 various levels of CaCl2 (0, 1, 10 and 100 mM) 98:142 Influence of various levels of CaCl2 (0, 1, 10 and 100 mM) on exopolysaccharide production has been investigated in the cyanobacterium Anabaena 7120. 27924128 7 2 theme EPS 943:945 arg1 quantity 915:922 quantity 915:922 quantity 915:922 Thus, both quantity and composition of EPS is affected under different calcium chloride concentrations presenting possibilities of EPS with novel unexplored features that may offer biotechnological applications. 27924128 7 2 theme EPS 943:945 arg1 composition 928:938 composition 928:938 composition 928:938 Thus, both quantity and composition of EPS is affected under different calcium chloride concentrations presenting possibilities of EPS with novel unexplored features that may offer biotechnological applications. 27924128 4 3 theme calcium 451:457 arg1 ions 459:462 calcium ions 451:462 calcium ions in the immediate environment with maximum being at10 mM CaCl2 451:524 Estimation of EPS content revealed that EPS production depends on the concentration of calcium ions in the immediate environment with maximum being at10 mM CaCl2. 27924128 0 4 from production 18:27 arg1 sp 41:42 Anabaena sp 32:42 Anabaena sp 32:42 Exopolysaccharide production in Anabaena sp. 27924128 5 5 theme alr2882 553:559 arg1 gene 561:564 alr2882 gene 553:564 alr2882 gene 553:564 A possible involvement of alr2882 gene in the process of EPS production was also revealed through qRT-PCR. 27924128 2 6 theme levels 106:111 arg1 Influence 85:93 Influence 85:93 Influence of various levels of CaCl2 (0, 1, 10 and 100 mM) on exopolysaccharide production 85:174 Influence of various levels of CaCl2 (0, 1, 10 and 100 mM) on exopolysaccharide production has been investigated in the cyanobacterium Anabaena 7120. 27924128 4 7 from ions 459:462 arg1 environment 481:491 the immediate environment 467:491 the immediate environment with maximum being at10 mM CaCl2 467:524 Estimation of EPS content revealed that EPS production depends on the concentration of calcium ions in the immediate environment with maximum being at10 mM CaCl2. 27924128 5 8 theme gene 561:564 arg1 involvement 538:548 A possible involvement 527:548 A possible involvement of alr2882 gene in the process of EPS production 527:597 A possible involvement of alr2882 gene in the process of EPS production was also revealed through qRT-PCR. 27924128 6 9 theme major 763:767 arg1 peaks 780:784 major absorption peaks 763:784 major absorption peaks suggesting that calcium levels in the external environment regulate the composition of EPS produced by Anabaena 7120 763:901 Further, FTIR-spectra marked the presence of aliphatic alkyl-group, primary amine-group, and polysaccharides along with shift in major absorption peaks suggesting that calcium levels in the external environment regulate the composition of EPS produced by Anabaena 7120. 27924128 1 10 theme different 60:68 arg1 regimes 76:82 different CaCl2 regimes 60:82 different CaCl2 regimes 60:82 PCC 7120 under different CaCl2 regimes. 27924128 6 11 from levels 810:815 arg1 environment 833:843 the external environment 820:843 the external environment 820:843 Further, FTIR-spectra marked the presence of aliphatic alkyl-group, primary amine-group, and polysaccharides along with shift in major absorption peaks suggesting that calcium levels in the external environment regulate the composition of EPS produced by Anabaena 7120. 27924128 2 12 from Influence 85:93 arg1 production 165:174 exopolysaccharide production 147:174 exopolysaccharide production 147:174 Influence of various levels of CaCl2 (0, 1, 10 and 100 mM) on exopolysaccharide production has been investigated in the cyanobacterium Anabaena 7120. 27924128 6 13 theme primary 702:708 arg1 amine-group 710:720 primary amine-group 702:720 primary amine-group 702:720 Further, FTIR-spectra marked the presence of aliphatic alkyl-group, primary amine-group, and polysaccharides along with shift in major absorption peaks suggesting that calcium levels in the external environment regulate the composition of EPS produced by Anabaena 7120. 27924128 1 14 theme CaCl2 70:74 arg1 regimes 76:82 different CaCl2 regimes 60:82 different CaCl2 regimes 60:82 PCC 7120 under different CaCl2 regimes. 27924128 3 15 located found 282:286 arg1 concentration 242:254 the concentration 238:254 the concentration of 1 mM CaCl2 238:268 At the concentration of 1 mM CaCl2, growth was found to be stimulatory while 100 mM was sub lethal for the cyanobacterial cells. 27924128 3 15 located found 282:286 arg2 growth 271:276 growth 271:276 growth 271:276 At the concentration of 1 mM CaCl2, growth was found to be stimulatory while 100 mM was sub lethal for the cyanobacterial cells. 27924128 4 16 from concentration 434:446 arg1 environment 481:491 the immediate environment 467:491 the immediate environment with maximum being at10 mM CaCl2 467:524 Estimation of EPS content revealed that EPS production depends on the concentration of calcium ions in the immediate environment with maximum being at10 mM CaCl2. 27924128 5 17 theme EPS 584:586 arg1 production 588:597 EPS production 584:597 EPS production 584:597 A possible involvement of alr2882 gene in the process of EPS production was also revealed through qRT-PCR. 27924128 5 18 theme possible 529:536 arg1 involvement 538:548 A possible involvement 527:548 A possible involvement of alr2882 gene in the process of EPS production 527:597 A possible involvement of alr2882 gene in the process of EPS production was also revealed through qRT-PCR. 27924128 4 19 theme at10 mM 512:518 arg1 CaCl2 520:524 at10 mM CaCl2 512:524 at10 mM CaCl2 512:524 Estimation of EPS content revealed that EPS production depends on the concentration of calcium ions in the immediate environment with maximum being at10 mM CaCl2. 27924128 5 20 theme production 588:597 arg1 process 573:579 the process 569:579 the process of EPS production 569:597 A possible involvement of alr2882 gene in the process of EPS production was also revealed through qRT-PCR. 27924128 0 21 theme Anabaena 32:39 arg1 sp 41:42 Anabaena sp 32:42 Anabaena sp 32:42 Exopolysaccharide production in Anabaena sp. 27924128 7 22 theme novel 1044:1048 arg1 features 1061:1068 novel unexplored features 1044:1068 novel unexplored features that may offer biotechnological applications 1044:1113 Thus, both quantity and composition of EPS is affected under different calcium chloride concentrations presenting possibilities of EPS with novel unexplored features that may offer biotechnological applications. 27924128 6 23 theme polysaccharides 727:741 arg1 presence 667:674 the presence 663:674 the presence of aliphatic alkyl-group, primary amine-group, and polysaccharides 663:741 Further, FTIR-spectra marked the presence of aliphatic alkyl-group, primary amine-group, and polysaccharides along with shift in major absorption peaks suggesting that calcium levels in the external environment regulate the composition of EPS produced by Anabaena 7120. 27924128 4 24 with environment 481:491 arg1 maximum 498:504 maximum 498:504 maximum being at10 mM CaCl2 498:524 Estimation of EPS content revealed that EPS production depends on the concentration of calcium ions in the immediate environment with maximum being at10 mM CaCl2. 27924128 4 25 theme EPS 404:406 arg1 production 408:417 EPS production 404:417 EPS production 404:417 Estimation of EPS content revealed that EPS production depends on the concentration of calcium ions in the immediate environment with maximum being at10 mM CaCl2. 27924128 7 26 theme EPS 1035:1037 arg1 possibilities 1018:1030 possibilities 1018:1030 possibilities of EPS 1018:1037 Thus, both quantity and composition of EPS is affected under different calcium chloride concentrations presenting possibilities of EPS with novel unexplored features that may offer biotechnological applications. 27924128 6 27 theme external 824:831 arg1 environment 833:843 the external environment 820:843 the external environment 820:843 Further, FTIR-spectra marked the presence of aliphatic alkyl-group, primary amine-group, and polysaccharides along with shift in major absorption peaks suggesting that calcium levels in the external environment regulate the composition of EPS produced by Anabaena 7120. 27924128 6 28 from shift 754:758 arg1 peaks 780:784 major absorption peaks 763:784 major absorption peaks suggesting that calcium levels in the external environment regulate the composition of EPS produced by Anabaena 7120 763:901 Further, FTIR-spectra marked the presence of aliphatic alkyl-group, primary amine-group, and polysaccharides along with shift in major absorption peaks suggesting that calcium levels in the external environment regulate the composition of EPS produced by Anabaena 7120. 27924128 2 29 theme various 98:104 arg1 levels 106:111 various levels 98:111 various levels of CaCl2 (0, 1, 10 and 100 mM) 98:142 Influence of various levels of CaCl2 (0, 1, 10 and 100 mM) on exopolysaccharide production has been investigated in the cyanobacterium Anabaena 7120. 27924128 7 30 theme calcium 975:981 arg1 concentrations 992:1005 different calcium chloride concentrations 965:1005 different calcium chloride concentrations presenting possibilities of EPS with novel unexplored features that may offer biotechnological applications 965:1113 Thus, both quantity and composition of EPS is affected under different calcium chloride concentrations presenting possibilities of EPS with novel unexplored features that may offer biotechnological applications. 27924128 3 31 theme cyanobacterial 342:355 arg1 cells 357:361 the cyanobacterial cells 338:361 the cyanobacterial cells 338:361 At the concentration of 1 mM CaCl2, growth was found to be stimulatory while 100 mM was sub lethal for the cyanobacterial cells. 27924128 4 32 theme immediate 471:479 arg1 environment 481:491 the immediate environment 467:491 the immediate environment with maximum being at10 mM CaCl2 467:524 Estimation of EPS content revealed that EPS production depends on the concentration of calcium ions in the immediate environment with maximum being at10 mM CaCl2. 27924128 7 33 theme chloride 983:990 arg1 concentrations 992:1005 different calcium chloride concentrations 965:1005 different calcium chloride concentrations presenting possibilities of EPS with novel unexplored features that may offer biotechnological applications 965:1113 Thus, both quantity and composition of EPS is affected under different calcium chloride concentrations presenting possibilities of EPS with novel unexplored features that may offer biotechnological applications. 27924128 5 34 from involvement 538:548 arg1 process 573:579 the process 569:579 the process of EPS production 569:597 A possible involvement of alr2882 gene in the process of EPS production was also revealed through qRT-PCR. 27924128 6 35 theme EPS 873:875 arg1 composition 858:868 the composition 854:868 the composition of EPS produced by Anabaena 7120 854:901 Further, FTIR-spectra marked the presence of aliphatic alkyl-group, primary amine-group, and polysaccharides along with shift in major absorption peaks suggesting that calcium levels in the external environment regulate the composition of EPS produced by Anabaena 7120. 27924128 6 36 theme Anabaena 889:896 arg1 7120 898:901 Anabaena 7120 889:901 Anabaena 7120 889:901 Further, FTIR-spectra marked the presence of aliphatic alkyl-group, primary amine-group, and polysaccharides along with shift in major absorption peaks suggesting that calcium levels in the external environment regulate the composition of EPS produced by Anabaena 7120. 27924128 4 37 theme EPS 378:380 arg1 content 382:388 EPS content 378:388 EPS content 378:388 Estimation of EPS content revealed that EPS production depends on the concentration of calcium ions in the immediate environment with maximum being at10 mM CaCl2. 27924128 7 38 theme different 965:973 arg1 concentrations 992:1005 different calcium chloride concentrations 965:1005 different calcium chloride concentrations presenting possibilities of EPS with novel unexplored features that may offer biotechnological applications 965:1113 Thus, both quantity and composition of EPS is affected under different calcium chloride concentrations presenting possibilities of EPS with novel unexplored features that may offer biotechnological applications. 27924128 6 39 theme amine-group 710:720 arg1 presence 667:674 the presence 663:674 the presence of aliphatic alkyl-group, primary amine-group, and polysaccharides 663:741 Further, FTIR-spectra marked the presence of aliphatic alkyl-group, primary amine-group, and polysaccharides along with shift in major absorption peaks suggesting that calcium levels in the external environment regulate the composition of EPS produced by Anabaena 7120. 27924128 7 40 theme biotechnological 1085:1100 arg1 applications 1102:1113 biotechnological applications 1085:1113 biotechnological applications 1085:1113 Thus, both quantity and composition of EPS is affected under different calcium chloride concentrations presenting possibilities of EPS with novel unexplored features that may offer biotechnological applications. 27924128 2 41 dep CaCl2 116:120 arg1 100 mM 136:141 100 mM 136:141 100 mM 136:141 Influence of various levels of CaCl2 (0, 1, 10 and 100 mM) on exopolysaccharide production has been investigated in the cyanobacterium Anabaena 7120. 27924128 2 41 dep CaCl2 116:120 arg1 10 129:130 10 129:130 10 129:130 Influence of various levels of CaCl2 (0, 1, 10 and 100 mM) on exopolysaccharide production has been investigated in the cyanobacterium Anabaena 7120. 27924128 3 42 theme 1 mM 259:262 arg1 CaCl2 264:268 1 mM CaCl2 259:268 1 mM CaCl2 259:268 At the concentration of 1 mM CaCl2, growth was found to be stimulatory while 100 mM was sub lethal for the cyanobacterial cells. 27924128 6 43 theme calcium 802:808 arg1 levels 810:815 calcium levels 802:815 calcium levels in the external environment 802:843 Further, FTIR-spectra marked the presence of aliphatic alkyl-group, primary amine-group, and polysaccharides along with shift in major absorption peaks suggesting that calcium levels in the external environment regulate the composition of EPS produced by Anabaena 7120. 27924128 6 44 theme absorption 769:778 arg1 peaks 780:784 major absorption peaks 763:784 major absorption peaks suggesting that calcium levels in the external environment regulate the composition of EPS produced by Anabaena 7120 763:901 Further, FTIR-spectra marked the presence of aliphatic alkyl-group, primary amine-group, and polysaccharides along with shift in major absorption peaks suggesting that calcium levels in the external environment regulate the composition of EPS produced by Anabaena 7120. 27924128 3 45 theme CaCl2 264:268 arg1 concentration 242:254 the concentration 238:254 the concentration of 1 mM CaCl2 238:268 At the concentration of 1 mM CaCl2, growth was found to be stimulatory while 100 mM was sub lethal for the cyanobacterial cells. 27924128 2 46 theme exopolysaccharide 147:163 arg1 production 165:174 exopolysaccharide production 147:174 exopolysaccharide production 147:174 Influence of various levels of CaCl2 (0, 1, 10 and 100 mM) on exopolysaccharide production has been investigated in the cyanobacterium Anabaena 7120. 27924128 4 47 theme content 382:388 arg1 Estimation 364:373 Estimation 364:373 Estimation of EPS content 364:388 Estimation of EPS content revealed that EPS production depends on the concentration of calcium ions in the immediate environment with maximum being at10 mM CaCl2. 27924128 2 48 theme Anabaena 220:227 arg1 7120 229:232 the cyanobacterium Anabaena 7120 201:232 the cyanobacterium Anabaena 7120 201:232 Influence of various levels of CaCl2 (0, 1, 10 and 100 mM) on exopolysaccharide production has been investigated in the cyanobacterium Anabaena 7120. 27924128 6 49 theme alkyl-group 689:699 arg1 presence 667:674 the presence 663:674 the presence of aliphatic alkyl-group, primary amine-group, and polysaccharides 663:741 Further, FTIR-spectra marked the presence of aliphatic alkyl-group, primary amine-group, and polysaccharides along with shift in major absorption peaks suggesting that calcium levels in the external environment regulate the composition of EPS produced by Anabaena 7120. 27924128 4 50 from environment 481:491 arg1 concentration 434:446 the concentration 430:446 the concentration of calcium ions in the immediate environment with maximum being at10 mM CaCl2 430:524 Estimation of EPS content revealed that EPS production depends on the concentration of calcium ions in the immediate environment with maximum being at10 mM CaCl2. 27924128 4 51 theme ions 459:462 arg1 concentration 434:446 the concentration 430:446 the concentration of calcium ions in the immediate environment with maximum being at10 mM CaCl2 430:524 Estimation of EPS content revealed that EPS production depends on the concentration of calcium ions in the immediate environment with maximum being at10 mM CaCl2. 27924128 2 52 theme cyanobacterium 205:218 arg1 7120 229:232 the cyanobacterium Anabaena 7120 201:232 the cyanobacterium Anabaena 7120 201:232 Influence of various levels of CaCl2 (0, 1, 10 and 100 mM) on exopolysaccharide production has been investigated in the cyanobacterium Anabaena 7120. 27924128 6 53 theme aliphatic 679:687 arg1 alkyl-group 689:699 aliphatic alkyl-group 679:699 aliphatic alkyl-group 679:699 Further, FTIR-spectra marked the presence of aliphatic alkyl-group, primary amine-group, and polysaccharides along with shift in major absorption peaks suggesting that calcium levels in the external environment regulate the composition of EPS produced by Anabaena 7120. 27573243 2 0 theme native 584:589 arg1 glycoproteins 591:603 several native glycoproteins 576:603 several native glycoproteins 576:603 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 4 1 theme Detailed 1091:1098 arg1 assessment 1100:1109 Detailed assessment 1091:1109 Detailed assessment of PglB activity with a structurally characterized acceptor protein, PEB3, 1091:1184 Detailed assessment of PglB activity with a structurally characterized acceptor protein, PEB3, demonstrated that this natively folded substrate protein is not efficiently glycosylated in vitro, whereas structural destabilization increases glycosylation efficiency. 27573243 2 2 dep sequences 480:488 arg1 S/T 502:504 S/T 502:504 S/T 502:504 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 2 2 dep sequences 480:488 arg1 X1NX2 496:500 X1NX2 496:500 X1NX2(S/T) 496:505 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 2 2 dep sequences 480:488 arg1 D/E 492:494 D/E 492:494 D/E 492:494 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 1 3 theme glycosylation 256:268 arg1 sequence 280:287 the glycosylation consensus sequence 252:287 the glycosylation consensus sequence 252:287 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 3 4 theme identified 1048:1057 arg1 sequons 1082:1088 previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons 1037:1088 previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons 1037:1088 To derive insight into these observations, we generated structural homology models of the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni This evaluation highlights the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons. 27573243 1 5 theme sequence 280:287 arg1 accessibility 186:198 accessibility 186:198 accessibility of the modification site 186:223 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 1 5 theme sequence 280:287 arg1 composition 237:247 amino acid composition 226:247 amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence 226:287 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 1 5 theme sequence 280:287 arg1 localization 303:314 cellular localization 294:314 cellular localization of target proteins 294:333 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 2 6 dep flexible 533:540 arg1 solvent-exposed 543:557 solvent-exposed 543:557 solvent-exposed 543:557 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 5 7 dep in 1369:1370 arg1 vivo 1372:1375 vivo 1372:1375 vivo 1372:1375 Furthermore, in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, revealed that efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, depends on translocation to the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway. 27573243 5 8 theme efficient 1488:1496 arg1 glycosylation 1498:1510 efficient glycosylation 1488:1510 efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, 1488:1543 Furthermore, in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, revealed that efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, depends on translocation to the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway. 27573243 7 9 theme molecular 1910:1918 arg1 mechanisms 1920:1929 the molecular mechanisms 1906:1929 the molecular mechanisms underlying N-linked glycosylation in bacteria 1906:1975 This work extends our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying N-linked glycosylation in bacteria. 27573243 2 10 theme flexible 533:540 arg1 motifs 559:564 flexible, solvent-exposed motifs 533:564 flexible, solvent-exposed motifs 533:564 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 3 11 theme glycosylation 1068:1080 arg1 sequons 1082:1088 previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons 1037:1088 previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons 1037:1088 To derive insight into these observations, we generated structural homology models of the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni This evaluation highlights the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons. 27573243 4 12 theme characterized 1148:1160 arg1 protein 1171:1177 a structurally characterized acceptor protein 1133:1177 a structurally characterized acceptor protein 1133:1177 Detailed assessment of PglB activity with a structurally characterized acceptor protein, PEB3, demonstrated that this natively folded substrate protein is not efficiently glycosylated in vitro, whereas structural destabilization increases glycosylation efficiency. 27573243 4 12 theme characterized 1148:1160 arg1 PEB3 1180:1183 PEB3 1180:1183 PEB3 1180:1183 Detailed assessment of PglB activity with a structurally characterized acceptor protein, PEB3, demonstrated that this natively folded substrate protein is not efficiently glycosylated in vitro, whereas structural destabilization increases glycosylation efficiency. 27573243 1 13 theme modification 207:218 arg1 site 220:223 the modification site 203:223 the modification site 203:223 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 2 14 theme efficient 759:767 arg1 glycosylation 778:790 efficient N-linked glycosylation 759:790 efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment 759:816 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 2 15 link N-linked 769:776 arg1 glycosylation 778:790 efficient N-linked glycosylation 759:790 efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment 759:816 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 5 16 from studies 1391:1397 arg1 jejuni 1466:1471 C. jejuni 1463:1471 C. jejuni 1463:1471 Furthermore, in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, revealed that efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, depends on translocation to the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway. 27573243 5 16 from studies 1391:1397 arg1 system 1455:1460 the native system 1444:1460 the native system 1444:1460 Furthermore, in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, revealed that efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, depends on translocation to the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway. 27573243 5 16 from studies 1391:1397 arg1 Escherichia 1423:1433 Escherichia 1423:1433 Escherichia 1423:1433 Furthermore, in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, revealed that efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, depends on translocation to the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway. 27573243 6 17 theme acceptor 1682:1689 arg1 proteins 1691:1698 many acceptor proteins 1677:1698 many acceptor proteins 1677:1698 Our studies provide quantitative evidence that many acceptor proteins are likely to be N-linked-glycosylated before complete folding and suggest that PglB activity is coupled to general secretion-mediated translocation to the periplasm. 27573243 1 18 theme N-linked 123:130 arg1 glycosylation 132:144 protein N-linked glycosylation 115:144 protein N-linked glycosylation 115:144 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 6 19 theme PglB 1780:1783 arg1 activity 1785:1792 PglB activity 1780:1792 PglB activity 1780:1792 Our studies provide quantitative evidence that many acceptor proteins are likely to be N-linked-glycosylated before complete folding and suggest that PglB activity is coupled to general secretion-mediated translocation to the periplasm. 27573243 2 20 theme acceptor 678:685 arg1 protein 687:693 the acceptor protein 674:693 the acceptor protein 674:693 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 5 21 theme in 1369:1370 arg1 studies 1391:1397 in vivo glycosylation studies 1369:1397 in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, 1369:1472 Furthermore, in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, revealed that efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, depends on translocation to the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway. 27573243 5 22 theme glycosylation 1377:1389 arg1 studies 1391:1397 in vivo glycosylation studies 1369:1397 in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, 1369:1472 Furthermore, in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, revealed that efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, depends on translocation to the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway. 27573243 2 23 gly glycosylation 778:790 arg1 environment 806:816 the native environment 795:816 the native environment 795:816 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 6 24 theme quantitative 1650:1661 arg1 evidence 1663:1670 quantitative evidence that many acceptor proteins are likely to be N-linked-glycosylated before complete folding and suggest that PglB activity is coupled to general secretion-mediated translocation to the periplasm 1650:1864 quantitative evidence that many acceptor proteins are likely to be N-linked-glycosylated before complete folding and suggest that PglB activity is coupled to general secretion-mediated translocation to the periplasm 1650:1864 Our studies provide quantitative evidence that many acceptor proteins are likely to be N-linked-glycosylated before complete folding and suggest that PglB activity is coupled to general secretion-mediated translocation to the periplasm. 27573243 3 25 theme homology 886:893 arg1 models 895:900 structural homology models 875:900 structural homology models of the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni This evaluation highlights the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons 875:1088 To derive insight into these observations, we generated structural homology models of the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni This evaluation highlights the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons. 27573243 4 26 theme folded 1218:1223 arg1 protein 1235:1241 this natively folded substrate protein 1204:1241 this natively folded substrate protein 1204:1241 Detailed assessment of PglB activity with a structurally characterized acceptor protein, PEB3, demonstrated that this natively folded substrate protein is not efficiently glycosylated in vitro, whereas structural destabilization increases glycosylation efficiency. 27573243 5 27 gly glycosylation 1498:1510 arg1 AcrA 1530:1533 AcrA 1530:1533 AcrA 1530:1533 Furthermore, in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, revealed that efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, depends on translocation to the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway. 27573243 5 27 gly glycosylation 1498:1510 arg1 glycoproteins 1515:1527 glycoproteins 1515:1527 glycoproteins 1515:1527 Furthermore, in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, revealed that efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, depends on translocation to the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway. 27573243 5 27 gly glycosylation 1498:1510 arg1 PEB3 1539:1542 PEB3 1539:1542 PEB3 1539:1542 Furthermore, in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, revealed that efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, depends on translocation to the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway. 27573243 0 28 theme Target 79:84 arg1 Sequons 86:92 Target Sequons 79:92 Target Sequons 79:92 Bacterial N-Glycosylation Efficiency Is Dependent on the Structural Context of Target Sequons. 27573243 5 29 theme periplasmic 1577:1587 arg1 space 1589:1593 the periplasmic space 1573:1593 the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway 1573:1627 Furthermore, in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, revealed that efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, depends on translocation to the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway. 27573243 5 30 gly glycoproteins 1515:1527 arg1 AcrA 1530:1533 AcrA 1530:1533 AcrA 1530:1533 Furthermore, in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, revealed that efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, depends on translocation to the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway. 27573243 5 30 gly glycoproteins 1515:1527 arg1 glycoproteins 1515:1527 glycoproteins 1515:1527 glycoproteins 1515:1527 Furthermore, in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, revealed that efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, depends on translocation to the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway. 27573243 5 30 gly glycoproteins 1515:1527 arg1 PEB3 1539:1542 PEB3 1539:1542 PEB3 1539:1542 Furthermore, in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, revealed that efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, depends on translocation to the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway. 27573243 6 31 theme complete 1746:1753 arg1 folding 1755:1761 complete folding 1746:1761 complete folding 1746:1761 Our studies provide quantitative evidence that many acceptor proteins are likely to be N-linked-glycosylated before complete folding and suggest that PglB activity is coupled to general secretion-mediated translocation to the periplasm. 27573243 3 32 theme N-linked 909:916 arg1 glycoproteome 918:930 the N-linked glycoproteome 905:930 the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni 905:943 To derive insight into these observations, we generated structural homology models of the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni This evaluation highlights the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons. 27573243 6 33 theme secretion-mediated 1816:1833 arg1 translocation 1835:1847 general secretion-mediated translocation 1808:1847 general secretion-mediated translocation to the periplasm 1808:1864 Our studies provide quantitative evidence that many acceptor proteins are likely to be N-linked-glycosylated before complete folding and suggest that PglB activity is coupled to general secretion-mediated translocation to the periplasm. 27573243 2 34 theme native 799:804 arg1 environment 806:816 the native environment 795:816 the native environment 795:816 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 0 35 theme Bacterial 0:8 arg1 Efficiency 26:35 Bacterial N-Glycosylation Efficiency 0:35 Bacterial N-Glycosylation Efficiency 0:35 Bacterial N-Glycosylation Efficiency Is Dependent on the Structural Context of Target Sequons. 27573243 7 36 link N-linked 1942:1949 arg1 glycosylation 1951:1963 N-linked glycosylation 1942:1963 N-linked glycosylation 1942:1963 This work extends our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying N-linked glycosylation in bacteria. 27573243 1 37 theme Site 95:98 arg1 selectivity 100:110 Site selectivity 95:110 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation 95:144 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 3 38 theme jejuni 938:943 arg1 glycoproteome 918:930 the N-linked glycoproteome 905:930 the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni 905:943 To derive insight into these observations, we generated structural homology models of the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni This evaluation highlights the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons. 27573243 2 39 theme structured 652:661 arg1 regions 663:669 structured regions 652:669 structured regions of the acceptor protein 652:693 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 2 40 theme acceptor 447:454 arg1 proteins 456:463 acceptor proteins 447:463 acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs 447:564 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 1 41 theme cellular 294:301 arg1 localization 303:314 cellular localization 294:314 cellular localization of target proteins 294:333 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 2 42 theme jejuni 433:438 arg1 PglB 410:413 PglB 410:413 PglB 410:413 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 2 42 theme jejuni 433:438 arg1 oligosaccharyltransferase 383:407 the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase 369:407 the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase 369:407 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 1 43 theme proteins 326:333 arg1 accessibility 186:198 accessibility 186:198 accessibility of the modification site 186:223 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 1 43 theme proteins 326:333 arg1 composition 237:247 amino acid composition 226:247 amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence 226:287 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 1 43 theme proteins 326:333 arg1 localization 303:314 cellular localization 294:314 cellular localization of target proteins 294:333 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 5 44 dep Escherichia 1423:1433 arg1 coli 1435:1438 coli 1435:1438 coli 1435:1438 Furthermore, in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, revealed that efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, depends on translocation to the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway. 27573243 5 45 theme general 1603:1609 arg1 pathway 1621:1627 the general secretory pathway 1599:1627 the general secretory pathway 1599:1627 Furthermore, in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, revealed that efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, depends on translocation to the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway. 27573243 4 46 theme glycosylation 1330:1342 arg1 efficiency 1344:1353 glycosylation efficiency 1330:1353 glycosylation efficiency 1330:1353 Detailed assessment of PglB activity with a structurally characterized acceptor protein, PEB3, demonstrated that this natively folded substrate protein is not efficiently glycosylated in vitro, whereas structural destabilization increases glycosylation efficiency. 27573243 1 47 theme amino 226:230 arg1 composition 237:247 amino acid composition 226:247 amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence 226:287 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 3 48 theme secondary 999:1007 arg1 conformations 1020:1032 secondary structural conformations 999:1032 secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons 999:1088 To derive insight into these observations, we generated structural homology models of the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni This evaluation highlights the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons. 27573243 3 49 gly glycosylation 1068:1080 arg2 sequons 1082:1088 previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons 1037:1088 previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons 1037:1088 To derive insight into these observations, we generated structural homology models of the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni This evaluation highlights the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons. 27573243 7 50 theme N-linked 1942:1949 arg1 glycosylation 1951:1963 N-linked glycosylation 1942:1963 N-linked glycosylation 1942:1963 This work extends our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying N-linked glycosylation in bacteria. 27573243 5 51 theme C. 1463:1464 arg1 system 1455:1460 the native system 1444:1460 the native system 1444:1460 Furthermore, in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, revealed that efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, depends on translocation to the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway. 27573243 5 51 theme C. 1463:1464 arg1 jejuni 1466:1471 C. jejuni 1463:1471 C. jejuni 1463:1471 Furthermore, in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, revealed that efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, depends on translocation to the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway. 27573243 4 52 gly glycosylated 1262:1273 arg1 protein 1235:1241 this natively folded substrate protein 1204:1241 this natively folded substrate protein 1204:1241 Detailed assessment of PglB activity with a structurally characterized acceptor protein, PEB3, demonstrated that this natively folded substrate protein is not efficiently glycosylated in vitro, whereas structural destabilization increases glycosylation efficiency. 27573243 2 53 theme several 576:582 arg1 glycoproteins 591:603 several native glycoproteins 576:603 several native glycoproteins 576:603 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 7 54 theme mechanisms 1920:1929 arg1 understanding 1889:1901 our understanding 1885:1901 our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying N-linked glycosylation in bacteria 1885:1975 This work extends our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying N-linked glycosylation in bacteria. 27573243 4 55 theme PglB 1114:1117 arg1 activity 1119:1126 PglB activity 1114:1126 PglB activity 1114:1126 Detailed assessment of PglB activity with a structurally characterized acceptor protein, PEB3, demonstrated that this natively folded substrate protein is not efficiently glycosylated in vitro, whereas structural destabilization increases glycosylation efficiency. 27573243 1 56 theme consensus 270:278 arg1 sequence 280:287 the glycosylation consensus sequence 252:287 the glycosylation consensus sequence 252:287 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 3 57 theme conformations 1020:1032 arg1 diversity 986:994 the potential diversity 972:994 the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons 972:1088 To derive insight into these observations, we generated structural homology models of the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni This evaluation highlights the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons. 27573243 3 58 theme sequons 1082:1088 arg1 conformations 1020:1032 secondary structural conformations 999:1032 secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons 999:1088 To derive insight into these observations, we generated structural homology models of the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni This evaluation highlights the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons. 27573243 2 59 gly glycoproteins 591:603 arg1 glycoproteins 591:603 several native glycoproteins 576:603 several native glycoproteins 576:603 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 3 60 theme N-linked 1059:1066 arg1 sequons 1082:1088 previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons 1037:1088 previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons 1037:1088 To derive insight into these observations, we generated structural homology models of the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni This evaluation highlights the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons. 27573243 4 61 theme acceptor 1162:1169 arg1 protein 1171:1177 a structurally characterized acceptor protein 1133:1177 a structurally characterized acceptor protein 1133:1177 Detailed assessment of PglB activity with a structurally characterized acceptor protein, PEB3, demonstrated that this natively folded substrate protein is not efficiently glycosylated in vitro, whereas structural destabilization increases glycosylation efficiency. 27573243 4 61 theme acceptor 1162:1169 arg1 PEB3 1180:1183 PEB3 1180:1183 PEB3 1180:1183 Detailed assessment of PglB activity with a structurally characterized acceptor protein, PEB3, demonstrated that this natively folded substrate protein is not efficiently glycosylated in vitro, whereas structural destabilization increases glycosylation efficiency. 27573243 5 62 theme glycoproteins 1515:1527 arg1 glycosylation 1498:1510 efficient glycosylation 1488:1510 efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, 1488:1543 Furthermore, in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, revealed that efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, depends on translocation to the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway. 27573243 7 63 gly glycosylation 1951:1963 arg1 bacteria 1968:1975 bacteria 1968:1975 bacteria 1968:1975 This work extends our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying N-linked glycosylation in bacteria. 27573243 6 64 theme general 1808:1814 arg1 translocation 1835:1847 general secretion-mediated translocation 1808:1847 general secretion-mediated translocation to the periplasm 1808:1864 Our studies provide quantitative evidence that many acceptor proteins are likely to be N-linked-glycosylated before complete folding and suggest that PglB activity is coupled to general secretion-mediated translocation to the periplasm. 27573243 2 65 theme N-linked 769:776 arg1 glycosylation 778:790 efficient N-linked glycosylation 759:790 efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment 759:816 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 1 66 theme site 220:223 arg1 accessibility 186:198 accessibility 186:198 accessibility of the modification site 186:223 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 1 66 theme site 220:223 arg1 composition 237:247 amino acid composition 226:247 amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence 226:287 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 1 66 theme site 220:223 arg1 localization 303:314 cellular localization 294:314 cellular localization of target proteins 294:333 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 2 67 with proteins 456:463 arg1 sequences 480:488 consensus sequences 470:488 consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs 470:564 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 1 68 theme protein 115:121 arg1 glycosylation 132:144 protein N-linked glycosylation 115:144 protein N-linked glycosylation 115:144 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 2 69 theme protein 687:693 arg1 regions 663:669 structured regions 652:669 structured regions of the acceptor protein 652:693 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 6 70 theme many 1677:1680 arg1 proteins 1691:1698 many acceptor proteins 1677:1698 many acceptor proteins 1677:1698 Our studies provide quantitative evidence that many acceptor proteins are likely to be N-linked-glycosylated before complete folding and suggest that PglB activity is coupled to general secretion-mediated translocation to the periplasm. 27573243 1 71 theme glycosylation 132:144 arg1 selectivity 100:110 Site selectivity 95:110 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation 95:144 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 2 72 theme partial 725:731 arg1 unfolding 733:741 partial unfolding 725:741 partial unfolding 725:741 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 4 73 theme substrate 1225:1233 arg1 protein 1235:1241 this natively folded substrate protein 1204:1241 this natively folded substrate protein 1204:1241 Detailed assessment of PglB activity with a structurally characterized acceptor protein, PEB3, demonstrated that this natively folded substrate protein is not efficiently glycosylated in vitro, whereas structural destabilization increases glycosylation efficiency. 27573243 0 74 theme Sequons 86:92 arg1 Context 68:74 the Structural Context 53:74 the Structural Context of Target Sequons 53:92 Bacterial N-Glycosylation Efficiency Is Dependent on the Structural Context of Target Sequons. 27573243 1 75 link N-linked 123:130 arg1 glycosylation 132:144 protein N-linked glycosylation 115:144 protein N-linked glycosylation 115:144 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 1 76 theme many 162:165 arg1 composition 237:247 amino acid composition 226:247 amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence 226:287 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 1 76 theme many 162:165 arg1 accessibility 186:198 accessibility 186:198 accessibility of the modification site 186:223 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 1 76 theme many 162:165 arg1 localization 303:314 cellular localization 294:314 cellular localization of target proteins 294:333 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 1 76 theme many 162:165 arg1 factors 167:173 many factors 162:173 many factors 162:173 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 2 77 from sequences 480:488 arg1 motifs 559:564 flexible, solvent-exposed motifs 533:564 flexible, solvent-exposed motifs 533:564 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 4 78 theme structural 1293:1302 arg1 destabilization 1304:1318 structural destabilization 1293:1318 structural destabilization 1293:1318 Detailed assessment of PglB activity with a structurally characterized acceptor protein, PEB3, demonstrated that this natively folded substrate protein is not efficiently glycosylated in vitro, whereas structural destabilization increases glycosylation efficiency. 27573243 3 79 theme structural 875:884 arg1 models 895:900 structural homology models 875:900 structural homology models of the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni This evaluation highlights the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons 875:1088 To derive insight into these observations, we generated structural homology models of the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni This evaluation highlights the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons. 27573243 2 80 theme consensus 625:633 arg1 sequences 635:643 consensus sequences 625:643 consensus sequences 625:643 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 3 81 theme glycoproteome 918:930 arg1 models 895:900 structural homology models 875:900 structural homology models of the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni This evaluation highlights the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons 875:1088 To derive insight into these observations, we generated structural homology models of the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni This evaluation highlights the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons. 27573243 3 82 link N-linked 909:916 arg1 glycoproteome 918:930 the N-linked glycoproteome 905:930 the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni 905:943 To derive insight into these observations, we generated structural homology models of the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni This evaluation highlights the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons. 27573243 0 83 theme N-Glycosylation 10:24 arg1 Efficiency 26:35 Bacterial N-Glycosylation Efficiency 0:35 Bacterial N-Glycosylation Efficiency 0:35 Bacterial N-Glycosylation Efficiency Is Dependent on the Structural Context of Target Sequons. 27573243 4 84 with assessment 1100:1109 arg1 protein 1171:1177 a structurally characterized acceptor protein 1133:1177 a structurally characterized acceptor protein 1133:1177 Detailed assessment of PglB activity with a structurally characterized acceptor protein, PEB3, demonstrated that this natively folded substrate protein is not efficiently glycosylated in vitro, whereas structural destabilization increases glycosylation efficiency. 27573243 4 84 with assessment 1100:1109 arg1 PEB3 1180:1183 PEB3 1180:1183 PEB3 1180:1183 Detailed assessment of PglB activity with a structurally characterized acceptor protein, PEB3, demonstrated that this natively folded substrate protein is not efficiently glycosylated in vitro, whereas structural destabilization increases glycosylation efficiency. 27573243 2 85 theme consensus 470:478 arg1 sequences 480:488 consensus sequences 470:488 consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs 470:564 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 6 86 gly N-linked-glycosylated 1717:1737 arg1 proteins 1691:1698 many acceptor proteins 1677:1698 many acceptor proteins 1677:1698 Our studies provide quantitative evidence that many acceptor proteins are likely to be N-linked-glycosylated before complete folding and suggest that PglB activity is coupled to general secretion-mediated translocation to the periplasm. 27573243 3 87 dep models 895:900 arg1 highlights 961:970 highlights 961:970 highlights the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons 961:1088 To derive insight into these observations, we generated structural homology models of the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni This evaluation highlights the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons. 27573243 6 88 dep likely 1704:1709 arg1 suggest 1767:1773 suggest 1767:1773 suggest that PglB activity is coupled to general secretion-mediated translocation to the periplasm 1767:1864 Our studies provide quantitative evidence that many acceptor proteins are likely to be N-linked-glycosylated before complete folding and suggest that PglB activity is coupled to general secretion-mediated translocation to the periplasm. 27573243 6 88 dep likely 1704:1709 arg1 N-linked-glycosylated 1717:1737 N-linked-glycosylated 1717:1737 N-linked-glycosylated 1717:1737 Our studies provide quantitative evidence that many acceptor proteins are likely to be N-linked-glycosylated before complete folding and suggest that PglB activity is coupled to general secretion-mediated translocation to the periplasm. 27573243 3 89 theme C. 935:936 arg1 jejuni 938:943 C. jejuni 935:943 C. jejuni 935:943 To derive insight into these observations, we generated structural homology models of the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni This evaluation highlights the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons. 27573243 2 90 theme Campylobacter 419:431 arg1 jejuni 433:438 Campylobacter jejuni 419:438 Campylobacter jejuni 419:438 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 0 91 theme Structural 57:66 arg1 Context 68:74 the Structural Context 53:74 the Structural Context of Target Sequons 53:92 Bacterial N-Glycosylation Efficiency Is Dependent on the Structural Context of Target Sequons. 27573243 1 92 theme target 319:324 arg1 proteins 326:333 target proteins 319:333 target proteins 319:333 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 3 93 theme potential 976:984 arg1 diversity 986:994 the potential diversity 972:994 the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons 972:1088 To derive insight into these observations, we generated structural homology models of the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni This evaluation highlights the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons. 27573243 4 94 theme activity 1119:1126 arg1 assessment 1100:1109 Detailed assessment 1091:1109 Detailed assessment of PglB activity with a structurally characterized acceptor protein, PEB3, 1091:1184 Detailed assessment of PglB activity with a structurally characterized acceptor protein, PEB3, demonstrated that this natively folded substrate protein is not efficiently glycosylated in vitro, whereas structural destabilization increases glycosylation efficiency. 27573243 3 95 link N-linked 1059:1066 arg1 sequons 1082:1088 previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons 1037:1088 previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons 1037:1088 To derive insight into these observations, we generated structural homology models of the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni This evaluation highlights the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons. 27573243 5 96 theme secretory 1611:1619 arg1 pathway 1621:1627 the general secretory pathway 1599:1627 the general secretory pathway 1599:1627 Furthermore, in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, revealed that efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, depends on translocation to the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway. 27573243 5 97 theme native 1448:1453 arg1 system 1455:1460 the native system 1444:1460 the native system 1444:1460 Furthermore, in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, revealed that efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, depends on translocation to the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway. 27573243 5 97 theme native 1448:1453 arg1 jejuni 1466:1471 C. jejuni 1463:1471 C. jejuni 1463:1471 Furthermore, in vivo glycosylation studies in both glyco-competent Escherichia coli and the native system, C. jejuni, revealed that efficient glycosylation of glycoproteins, AcrA and PEB3, depends on translocation to the periplasmic space via the general secretory pathway. 27573243 2 98 theme Previous 336:343 arg1 studies 345:351 Previous studies 336:351 Previous studies 336:351 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 1 99 theme acid 232:235 arg1 composition 237:247 amino acid composition 226:247 amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence 226:287 Site selectivity of protein N-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. 27573243 3 100 theme structural 1009:1018 arg1 conformations 1020:1032 secondary structural conformations 999:1032 secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons 999:1088 To derive insight into these observations, we generated structural homology models of the N-linked glycoproteome of C. jejuni This evaluation highlights the potential diversity of secondary structural conformations of previously identified N-linked glycosylation sequons. 27573243 2 101 from glycosylation 778:790 arg1 environment 806:816 the native environment 795:816 the native environment 795:816 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 2 102 theme bacterial 373:381 arg1 PglB 410:413 PglB 410:413 PglB 410:413 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 27573243 2 102 theme bacterial 373:381 arg1 oligosaccharyltransferase 383:407 the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase 369:407 the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase 369:407 Previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, PglB, of Campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((D/E)X1NX2(S/T), where X1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glycoproteins are known to harbor consensus sequences within structured regions of the acceptor protein, suggesting that unfolding or partial unfolding is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation in the native environment. 25496064 4 0 theme O-glycan-based 568:581 arg1 technology 593:602 an O-glycan-based detection technology 565:602 an O-glycan-based detection technology 565:602 Recently published Acinetobacter glycoproteomic data show the prevalence of O-linked glycoproteins, suggesting the possibility for an O-glycan-based detection technology. 25496064 6 1 theme key 753:755 arg1 roles 757:761 key roles 753:761 key roles for protein glycosylation and capsular polysaccharide in the pathogenicity of A. baumannii 753:852 Recent publications demonstrate key roles for protein glycosylation and capsular polysaccharide in the pathogenicity of A. baumannii. 25496064 7 2 theme antimicrobial 864:876 arg1 development 878:888 Targeted antimicrobial development 855:888 Targeted antimicrobial development against O-glycan biosynthesis 855:918 Targeted antimicrobial development against O-glycan biosynthesis may produce new effective treatment options for A. baumannii infections. 25496064 4 3 theme Acinetobacter 453:465 arg1 data 482:485 Recently published Acinetobacter glycoproteomic data 434:485 Recently published Acinetobacter glycoproteomic data 434:485 Recently published Acinetobacter glycoproteomic data show the prevalence of O-linked glycoproteins, suggesting the possibility for an O-glycan-based detection technology. 25496064 9 4 theme development 1234:1244 arg1 efficacy 1199:1206 the efficacy 1195:1206 the efficacy of glycoconjugate vaccine development against A. baumannii 1195:1265 In addition, we consider the efficacy of glycoconjugate vaccine development against A. baumannii. 25496064 8 5 used used 1077:1080 arg2 data 1018:1021 the data 1014:1021 the data gathered through Acinetobacter glycoproteomics 1014:1068 Here, we discuss how the data gathered through Acinetobacter glycoproteomics can be used to develop technologies for rapid diagnosis and reveal potential antimicrobial targets. 25496064 4 6 theme published 443:451 arg1 data 482:485 Recently published Acinetobacter glycoproteomic data 434:485 Recently published Acinetobacter glycoproteomic data 434:485 Recently published Acinetobacter glycoproteomic data show the prevalence of O-linked glycoproteins, suggesting the possibility for an O-glycan-based detection technology. 25496064 1 7 theme opportunistic 74:86 arg1 pathogen 94:101 The opportunistic human pathogen 70:101 The opportunistic human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii 70:125 The opportunistic human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii persists in the healthcare setting because of its ability to survive exposure to various antimicrobial and sterilization agents. 25496064 6 8 theme baumannii 844:852 arg1 pathogenicity 824:836 the pathogenicity 820:836 the pathogenicity of A. baumannii 820:852 Recent publications demonstrate key roles for protein glycosylation and capsular polysaccharide in the pathogenicity of A. baumannii. 25496064 7 9 theme Targeted 855:862 arg1 development 878:888 Targeted antimicrobial development 855:888 Targeted antimicrobial development against O-glycan biosynthesis 855:918 Targeted antimicrobial development against O-glycan biosynthesis may produce new effective treatment options for A. baumannii infections. 25496064 3 10 theme infections 382:391 arg1 detection 356:364 Rapid detection 350:364 Rapid detection of A. baumannii infections 350:391 Rapid detection of A. baumannii infections would likely improve treatment outcomes. 25496064 4 11 theme glycoproteomic 467:480 arg1 data 482:485 Recently published Acinetobacter glycoproteomic data 434:485 Recently published Acinetobacter glycoproteomic data 434:485 Recently published Acinetobacter glycoproteomic data show the prevalence of O-linked glycoproteins, suggesting the possibility for an O-glycan-based detection technology. 25496064 1 12 theme human 88:92 arg1 pathogen 94:101 The opportunistic human pathogen 70:101 The opportunistic human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii 70:125 The opportunistic human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii persists in the healthcare setting because of its ability to survive exposure to various antimicrobial and sterilization agents. 25496064 5 13 theme capsular 669:676 arg1 production 693:702 capsular polysaccharide production 669:702 capsular polysaccharide production 669:702 O-glycan biosynthesis is required for protein glycosylation and capsular polysaccharide production in A. baumannii. 25496064 2 14 theme infection 297:305 arg1 types 307:311 multiple infection types 288:311 multiple infection types 288:311 A. baumannii's ability to cause multiple infection types complicates diagnosis and treatment. 25496064 8 15 theme Acinetobacter 1040:1052 arg1 glycoproteomics 1054:1068 Acinetobacter glycoproteomics 1040:1068 Acinetobacter glycoproteomics 1040:1068 Here, we discuss how the data gathered through Acinetobacter glycoproteomics can be used to develop technologies for rapid diagnosis and reveal potential antimicrobial targets. 25496064 6 16 theme Recent 721:726 arg1 publications 728:739 Recent publications 721:739 Recent publications 721:739 Recent publications demonstrate key roles for protein glycosylation and capsular polysaccharide in the pathogenicity of A. baumannii. 25496064 5 17 gly glycosylation 651:663 arg1 baumannii 710:718 A. baumannii 707:718 A. baumannii 707:718 O-glycan biosynthesis is required for protein glycosylation and capsular polysaccharide production in A. baumannii. 25496064 5 18 theme polysaccharide 678:691 arg1 production 693:702 capsular polysaccharide production 669:702 capsular polysaccharide production 669:702 O-glycan biosynthesis is required for protein glycosylation and capsular polysaccharide production in A. baumannii. 25496064 9 19 theme vaccine 1226:1232 arg1 development 1234:1244 glycoconjugate vaccine development 1211:1244 glycoconjugate vaccine development 1211:1244 In addition, we consider the efficacy of glycoconjugate vaccine development against A. baumannii. 25496064 0 20 theme Clinical 0:7 arg1 implications 9:20 Clinical implications 0:20 Clinical implications of glycoproteomics for Acinetobacter baumannii 0:67 Clinical implications of glycoproteomics for Acinetobacter baumannii. 25496064 7 21 theme A. 968:969 arg1 infections 981:990 A. baumannii infections 968:990 A. baumannii infections 968:990 Targeted antimicrobial development against O-glycan biosynthesis may produce new effective treatment options for A. baumannii infections. 25496064 1 22 theme various 208:214 arg1 agents 248:253 various antimicrobial and sterilization agents 208:253 various antimicrobial and sterilization agents 208:253 The opportunistic human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii persists in the healthcare setting because of its ability to survive exposure to various antimicrobial and sterilization agents. 25496064 3 23 theme treatment 414:422 arg1 outcomes 424:431 treatment outcomes 414:431 treatment outcomes 414:431 Rapid detection of A. baumannii infections would likely improve treatment outcomes. 25496064 7 24 theme baumannii 971:979 arg1 infections 981:990 A. baumannii infections 968:990 A. baumannii infections 968:990 Targeted antimicrobial development against O-glycan biosynthesis may produce new effective treatment options for A. baumannii infections. 25496064 8 25 theme antimicrobial 1147:1159 arg1 targets 1161:1167 potential antimicrobial targets 1137:1167 potential antimicrobial targets 1137:1167 Here, we discuss how the data gathered through Acinetobacter glycoproteomics can be used to develop technologies for rapid diagnosis and reveal potential antimicrobial targets. 25496064 1 26 theme antimicrobial 216:228 arg1 agents 248:253 various antimicrobial and sterilization agents 208:253 various antimicrobial and sterilization agents 208:253 The opportunistic human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii persists in the healthcare setting because of its ability to survive exposure to various antimicrobial and sterilization agents. 25496064 8 27 theme rapid 1110:1114 arg1 diagnosis 1116:1124 rapid diagnosis 1110:1124 rapid diagnosis 1110:1124 Here, we discuss how the data gathered through Acinetobacter glycoproteomics can be used to develop technologies for rapid diagnosis and reveal potential antimicrobial targets. 25496064 4 28 theme glycoproteins 519:531 arg1 prevalence 496:505 the prevalence 492:505 the prevalence of O-linked glycoproteins 492:531 Recently published Acinetobacter glycoproteomic data show the prevalence of O-linked glycoproteins, suggesting the possibility for an O-glycan-based detection technology. 25496064 0 29 theme Acinetobacter 45:57 arg1 baumannii 59:67 Acinetobacter baumannii 45:67 Acinetobacter baumannii 45:67 Clinical implications of glycoproteomics for Acinetobacter baumannii. 25496064 1 30 dep pathogen 94:101 arg1 baumannii 117:125 Acinetobacter baumannii 103:125 The opportunistic human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii 70:125 The opportunistic human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii persists in the healthcare setting because of its ability to survive exposure to various antimicrobial and sterilization agents. 25496064 4 31 theme O-linked 510:517 arg1 glycoproteins 519:531 O-linked glycoproteins 510:531 O-linked glycoproteins 510:531 Recently published Acinetobacter glycoproteomic data show the prevalence of O-linked glycoproteins, suggesting the possibility for an O-glycan-based detection technology. 25496064 6 32 theme capsular 793:800 arg1 polysaccharide 802:815 capsular polysaccharide 793:815 capsular polysaccharide 793:815 Recent publications demonstrate key roles for protein glycosylation and capsular polysaccharide in the pathogenicity of A. baumannii. 25496064 1 33 theme sterilization 234:246 arg1 agents 248:253 various antimicrobial and sterilization agents 208:253 various antimicrobial and sterilization agents 208:253 The opportunistic human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii persists in the healthcare setting because of its ability to survive exposure to various antimicrobial and sterilization agents. 25496064 7 34 theme effective 936:944 arg1 options 956:962 new effective treatment options 932:962 new effective treatment options for A. baumannii infections 932:990 Targeted antimicrobial development against O-glycan biosynthesis may produce new effective treatment options for A. baumannii infections. 25496064 0 35 theme glycoproteomics 25:39 arg1 implications 9:20 Clinical implications 0:20 Clinical implications of glycoproteomics for Acinetobacter baumannii 0:67 Clinical implications of glycoproteomics for Acinetobacter baumannii. 25496064 7 36 theme treatment 946:954 arg1 options 956:962 new effective treatment options 932:962 new effective treatment options for A. baumannii infections 932:990 Targeted antimicrobial development against O-glycan biosynthesis may produce new effective treatment options for A. baumannii infections. 25496064 5 37 theme protein 643:649 arg1 glycosylation 651:663 protein glycosylation 643:663 protein glycosylation 643:663 O-glycan biosynthesis is required for protein glycosylation and capsular polysaccharide production in A. baumannii. 25496064 5 38 from production 693:702 arg1 baumannii 710:718 A. baumannii 707:718 A. baumannii 707:718 O-glycan biosynthesis is required for protein glycosylation and capsular polysaccharide production in A. baumannii. 25496064 3 39 theme Rapid 350:354 arg1 detection 356:364 Rapid detection 350:364 Rapid detection of A. baumannii infections 350:391 Rapid detection of A. baumannii infections would likely improve treatment outcomes. 25496064 1 40 theme healthcare 143:152 arg1 setting 154:160 the healthcare setting 139:160 the healthcare setting 139:160 The opportunistic human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii persists in the healthcare setting because of its ability to survive exposure to various antimicrobial and sterilization agents. 25496064 7 41 theme new 932:934 arg1 options 956:962 new effective treatment options 932:962 new effective treatment options for A. baumannii infections 932:990 Targeted antimicrobial development against O-glycan biosynthesis may produce new effective treatment options for A. baumannii infections. 25496064 2 42 theme multiple 288:295 arg1 types 307:311 multiple infection types 288:311 multiple infection types 288:311 A. baumannii's ability to cause multiple infection types complicates diagnosis and treatment. 25496064 8 43 theme potential 1137:1145 arg1 targets 1161:1167 potential antimicrobial targets 1137:1167 potential antimicrobial targets 1137:1167 Here, we discuss how the data gathered through Acinetobacter glycoproteomics can be used to develop technologies for rapid diagnosis and reveal potential antimicrobial targets. 25496064 4 44 gly glycoproteins 519:531 arg1 glycoproteins 519:531 O-linked glycoproteins 510:531 O-linked glycoproteins 510:531 Recently published Acinetobacter glycoproteomic data show the prevalence of O-linked glycoproteins, suggesting the possibility for an O-glycan-based detection technology. 25496064 5 45 theme O-glycan 605:612 arg1 biosynthesis 614:625 O-glycan biosynthesis 605:625 O-glycan biosynthesis 605:625 O-glycan biosynthesis is required for protein glycosylation and capsular polysaccharide production in A. baumannii. 25496064 6 46 theme protein 767:773 arg1 glycosylation 775:787 protein glycosylation 767:787 protein glycosylation 767:787 Recent publications demonstrate key roles for protein glycosylation and capsular polysaccharide in the pathogenicity of A. baumannii. 25496064 3 47 theme A. 369:370 arg1 infections 382:391 A. baumannii infections 369:391 A. baumannii infections 369:391 Rapid detection of A. baumannii infections would likely improve treatment outcomes. 25496064 6 48 from roles 757:761 arg1 pathogenicity 824:836 the pathogenicity 820:836 the pathogenicity of A. baumannii 820:852 Recent publications demonstrate key roles for protein glycosylation and capsular polysaccharide in the pathogenicity of A. baumannii. 25496064 5 49 from glycosylation 651:663 arg1 baumannii 710:718 A. baumannii 707:718 A. baumannii 707:718 O-glycan biosynthesis is required for protein glycosylation and capsular polysaccharide production in A. baumannii. 25496064 3 50 theme baumannii 372:380 arg1 infections 382:391 A. baumannii infections 369:391 A. baumannii infections 369:391 Rapid detection of A. baumannii infections would likely improve treatment outcomes. 25496064 4 51 theme detection 583:591 arg1 technology 593:602 an O-glycan-based detection technology 565:602 an O-glycan-based detection technology 565:602 Recently published Acinetobacter glycoproteomic data show the prevalence of O-linked glycoproteins, suggesting the possibility for an O-glycan-based detection technology. 25496064 7 52 theme O-glycan 898:905 arg1 biosynthesis 907:918 O-glycan biosynthesis 898:918 O-glycan biosynthesis 898:918 Targeted antimicrobial development against O-glycan biosynthesis may produce new effective treatment options for A. baumannii infections. 25496064 9 53 theme glycoconjugate 1211:1224 arg1 development 1234:1244 glycoconjugate vaccine development 1211:1244 glycoconjugate vaccine development 1211:1244 In addition, we consider the efficacy of glycoconjugate vaccine development against A. baumannii. 25496064 4 54 link O-linked 510:517 arg1 glycoproteins 519:531 O-linked glycoproteins 510:531 O-linked glycoproteins 510:531 Recently published Acinetobacter glycoproteomic data show the prevalence of O-linked glycoproteins, suggesting the possibility for an O-glycan-based detection technology. 24605085 7 0 dep cells 984:988 arg1 WT 1006:1007 over-expressing WT TRPM4/5 990:1015 over-expressing WT TRPM4/5 990:1015 Biochemical experiments using HEK293 cells over-expressing WT TRPM4/5 or N992Q/N932Q mutants demonstrated that the abolishment of N-linked glycosylation did not alter the number of channels at the plasma membrane. 24605085 7 0 dep cells 984:988 arg1 mutants 1032:1038 N992Q/N932Q mutants 1020:1038 N992Q/N932Q mutants 1020:1038 Biochemical experiments using HEK293 cells over-expressing WT TRPM4/5 or N992Q/N932Q mutants demonstrated that the abolishment of N-linked glycosylation did not alter the number of channels at the plasma membrane. 24605085 5 1 gly glycosylated 809:820 arg2 Asn 856:858 Asn(932) 856:863 Asn(932) 856:863 In the present study, we provide evidence that TRPM4 and TRPM5 are each N-linked glycosylated at a unique residue, Asn(992) and Asn(932), respectively. 24605085 5 1 gly glycosylated 809:820 arg2 Asn 843:845 Asn(992) 843:850 Asn(992) 843:850 In the present study, we provide evidence that TRPM4 and TRPM5 are each N-linked glycosylated at a unique residue, Asn(992) and Asn(932), respectively. 24605085 5 1 gly glycosylated 809:820 arg2 residue 834:840 a unique residue 825:840 a unique residue 825:840 In the present study, we provide evidence that TRPM4 and TRPM5 are each N-linked glycosylated at a unique residue, Asn(992) and Asn(932), respectively. 24605085 8 2 theme channels 1269:1276 arg1 density 1246:1252 the current density 1234:1252 the current density of both mutant channels 1234:1276 In parallel, electrophysiological experiments demonstrated a decrease in the current density of both mutant channels, as compared to their respective controls, either due to the Asn to Gln mutations themselves or abolition of glycosylation. 24605085 0 3 theme functional 70:79 arg1 aspects 81:87 functional aspects 70:87 functional aspects 70:87 Glycosylation of TRPM4 and TRPM5 channels: molecular determinants and functional aspects. 24605085 10 4 from increase 1640:1647 arg1 current 1671:1677 the TRPM4-mediated current 1652:1677 the TRPM4-mediated current 1652:1677 In contrast to N-glycosylation signal abolishment by mutagenesis, tunicamycin treatment led to an increase in the TRPM4-mediated current. 24605085 1 5 theme closest 147:153 arg1 TRPM5 164:168 TRPM5 164:168 TRPM5 164:168 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 1 5 theme closest 147:153 arg1 homolog 155:161 its closest homolog 143:161 its closest homolog 143:161 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 1 5 theme closest 147:153 arg1 channel 123:129 The transient receptor potential channel 90:129 The transient receptor potential channel 90:129 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 1 5 theme closest 147:153 arg1 channels 196:203 non-selective cation channels 175:203 non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium 175:262 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 7 6 theme channels 1128:1135 arg1 number 1118:1123 the number 1114:1123 the number of channels 1114:1135 Biochemical experiments using HEK293 cells over-expressing WT TRPM4/5 or N992Q/N932Q mutants demonstrated that the abolishment of N-linked glycosylation did not alter the number of channels at the plasma membrane. 24605085 11 7 attach N-linked 1748:1755 arg2 site 1782:1785 a unique site 1773:1785 a unique site 1773:1785 Altogether, these results demonstrate that TRPM4 and TRPM5 are both N-linked glycosylated at a unique site and also suggest that TRPM4/5 glycosylation seems not to be involved in channel trafficking, but mainly in their functional regulation. 24605085 11 7 attach N-linked 1748:1755 arg1 TRPM4 1723:1727 TRPM4 1723:1727 TRPM4 1723:1727 Altogether, these results demonstrate that TRPM4 and TRPM5 are both N-linked glycosylated at a unique site and also suggest that TRPM4/5 glycosylation seems not to be involved in channel trafficking, but mainly in their functional regulation. 24605085 11 7 attach N-linked 1748:1755 arg1 TRPM5 1733:1737 TRPM5 1733:1737 TRPM5 1733:1737 Altogether, these results demonstrate that TRPM4 and TRPM5 are both N-linked glycosylated at a unique site and also suggest that TRPM4/5 glycosylation seems not to be involved in channel trafficking, but mainly in their functional regulation. 24605085 10 8 theme TRPM4-mediated 1656:1669 arg1 current 1671:1677 the TRPM4-mediated current 1652:1677 the TRPM4-mediated current 1652:1677 In contrast to N-glycosylation signal abolishment by mutagenesis, tunicamycin treatment led to an increase in the TRPM4-mediated current. 24605085 7 9 link N-linked 1077:1084 arg1 glycosylation 1086:1098 N-linked glycosylation 1077:1098 N-linked glycosylation 1077:1098 Biochemical experiments using HEK293 cells over-expressing WT TRPM4/5 or N992Q/N932Q mutants demonstrated that the abolishment of N-linked glycosylation did not alter the number of channels at the plasma membrane. 24605085 1 10 theme receptor 104:111 arg1 homolog 155:161 its closest homolog 143:161 its closest homolog 143:161 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 1 10 theme receptor 104:111 arg1 TRPM4 132:136 TRPM4 132:136 TRPM4 132:136 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 1 10 theme receptor 104:111 arg1 channel 123:129 The transient receptor potential channel 90:129 The transient receptor potential channel 90:129 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 1 10 theme receptor 104:111 arg1 channels 196:203 non-selective cation channels 175:203 non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium 175:262 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 4 11 theme wild-type 580:588 arg1 channels 601:608 wild-type (WT) TRPM4 channels 580:608 wild-type (WT) TRPM4 channels 580:608 We, and others, have reported that wild-type (WT) TRPM4 channels expressed in HEK293 cells, migrated on SDS-PAGE gel as doublets, similar to other ion channels and membrane proteins. 24605085 8 12 theme respective 1300:1309 arg1 controls 1311:1318 their respective controls 1294:1318 their respective controls 1294:1318 In parallel, electrophysiological experiments demonstrated a decrease in the current density of both mutant channels, as compared to their respective controls, either due to the Asn to Gln mutations themselves or abolition of glycosylation. 24605085 7 13 theme N-linked 1077:1084 arg1 glycosylation 1086:1098 N-linked glycosylation 1077:1098 N-linked glycosylation 1077:1098 Biochemical experiments using HEK293 cells over-expressing WT TRPM4/5 or N992Q/N932Q mutants demonstrated that the abolishment of N-linked glycosylation did not alter the number of channels at the plasma membrane. 24605085 11 14 theme TRPM4/5 1809:1815 arg1 glycosylation 1817:1829 TRPM4/5 glycosylation 1809:1829 TRPM4/5 glycosylation 1809:1829 Altogether, these results demonstrate that TRPM4 and TRPM5 are both N-linked glycosylated at a unique site and also suggest that TRPM4/5 glycosylation seems not to be involved in channel trafficking, but mainly in their functional regulation. 24605085 1 15 theme intracellular 242:254 arg1 calcium 256:262 intracellular calcium 242:262 intracellular calcium 242:262 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 4 16 theme similar 675:681 arg1 doublets 665:672 doublets 665:672 doublets 665:672 We, and others, have reported that wild-type (WT) TRPM4 channels expressed in HEK293 cells, migrated on SDS-PAGE gel as doublets, similar to other ion channels and membrane proteins. 24605085 3 17 theme post-translational 511:528 arg1 modifications 530:542 particular their post-translational modifications 494:542 particular their post-translational modifications 494:542 Although the electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of these two channels have been previously studied, less is known about their regulation, in particular their post-translational modifications. 24605085 8 18 theme electrophysiological 1174:1193 arg1 experiments 1195:1205 electrophysiological experiments 1174:1205 electrophysiological experiments 1174:1205 In parallel, electrophysiological experiments demonstrated a decrease in the current density of both mutant channels, as compared to their respective controls, either due to the Asn to Gln mutations themselves or abolition of glycosylation. 24605085 6 19 theme glycosylated 889:900 arg1 TRPM4 902:906 N-linked glycosylated TRPM4 880:906 N-linked glycosylated TRPM4 880:906 N-linked glycosylated TRPM4 is also found in native cardiac cells. 24605085 5 20 theme present 735:741 arg1 study 743:747 the present study 731:747 the present study 731:747 In the present study, we provide evidence that TRPM4 and TRPM5 are each N-linked glycosylated at a unique residue, Asn(992) and Asn(932), respectively. 24605085 8 21 dep controls 1311:1318 arg1 either 1321:1326 either 1321:1326 either 1321:1326 In parallel, electrophysiological experiments demonstrated a decrease in the current density of both mutant channels, as compared to their respective controls, either due to the Asn to Gln mutations themselves or abolition of glycosylation. 24605085 7 22 theme plasma 1144:1149 arg1 membrane 1151:1158 the plasma membrane 1140:1158 the plasma membrane 1140:1158 Biochemical experiments using HEK293 cells over-expressing WT TRPM4/5 or N992Q/N932Q mutants demonstrated that the abolishment of N-linked glycosylation did not alter the number of channels at the plasma membrane. 24605085 6 23 located found 916:920 arg1 cells 940:944 native cardiac cells 925:944 native cardiac cells 925:944 N-linked glycosylated TRPM4 is also found in native cardiac cells. 24605085 6 23 located found 916:920 arg2 TRPM4 902:906 N-linked glycosylated TRPM4 880:906 N-linked glycosylated TRPM4 880:906 N-linked glycosylated TRPM4 is also found in native cardiac cells. 24605085 2 24 theme cell 292:295 arg1 myocytes 326:333 myocytes 326:333 myocytes 326:333 They are expressed in many cell types, including neurons and myocytes. 24605085 2 24 theme cell 292:295 arg1 types 297:301 many cell types 287:301 many cell types 287:301 They are expressed in many cell types, including neurons and myocytes. 24605085 2 24 theme cell 292:295 arg1 neurons 314:320 neurons 314:320 neurons 314:320 They are expressed in many cell types, including neurons and myocytes. 24605085 3 25 theme channels 414:421 arg1 properties 390:399 the electrophysiological and pharmacological properties 345:399 the electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of these two channels 345:421 Although the electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of these two channels have been previously studied, less is known about their regulation, in particular their post-translational modifications. 24605085 3 26 theme pharmacological 374:388 arg1 properties 390:399 the electrophysiological and pharmacological properties 345:399 the electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of these two channels 345:421 Although the electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of these two channels have been previously studied, less is known about their regulation, in particular their post-translational modifications. 24605085 6 27 theme N-linked 880:887 arg1 TRPM4 902:906 N-linked glycosylated TRPM4 880:906 N-linked glycosylated TRPM4 880:906 N-linked glycosylated TRPM4 is also found in native cardiac cells. 24605085 2 28 theme many 287:290 arg1 myocytes 326:333 myocytes 326:333 myocytes 326:333 They are expressed in many cell types, including neurons and myocytes. 24605085 2 28 theme many 287:290 arg1 types 297:301 many cell types 287:301 many cell types 287:301 They are expressed in many cell types, including neurons and myocytes. 24605085 2 28 theme many 287:290 arg1 neurons 314:320 neurons 314:320 neurons 314:320 They are expressed in many cell types, including neurons and myocytes. 24605085 4 29 theme ion 692:694 arg1 channels 696:703 other ion channels 686:703 other ion channels 686:703 We, and others, have reported that wild-type (WT) TRPM4 channels expressed in HEK293 cells, migrated on SDS-PAGE gel as doublets, similar to other ion channels and membrane proteins. 24605085 1 30 theme transient 94:102 arg1 homolog 155:161 its closest homolog 143:161 its closest homolog 143:161 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 1 30 theme transient 94:102 arg1 TRPM4 132:136 TRPM4 132:136 TRPM4 132:136 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 1 30 theme transient 94:102 arg1 channel 123:129 The transient receptor potential channel 90:129 The transient receptor potential channel 90:129 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 1 30 theme transient 94:102 arg1 channels 196:203 non-selective cation channels 175:203 non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium 175:262 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 3 31 theme electrophysiological 349:368 arg1 properties 390:399 the electrophysiological and pharmacological properties 345:399 the electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of these two channels 345:421 Although the electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of these two channels have been previously studied, less is known about their regulation, in particular their post-translational modifications. 24605085 7 32 theme over-expressing 990:1004 arg1 WT 1006:1007 over-expressing WT TRPM4/5 990:1015 over-expressing WT TRPM4/5 990:1015 Biochemical experiments using HEK293 cells over-expressing WT TRPM4/5 or N992Q/N932Q mutants demonstrated that the abolishment of N-linked glycosylation did not alter the number of channels at the plasma membrane. 24605085 4 33 dep wild-type 580:588 arg1 WT 591:592 WT 591:592 WT 591:592 We, and others, have reported that wild-type (WT) TRPM4 channels expressed in HEK293 cells, migrated on SDS-PAGE gel as doublets, similar to other ion channels and membrane proteins. 24605085 0 34 dep determinants 53:64 arg1 Glycosylation 0:12 Glycosylation 0:12 Glycosylation of TRPM4 and TRPM5 channels 0:40 Glycosylation of TRPM4 and TRPM5 channels: molecular determinants and functional aspects. 24605085 7 35 theme glycosylation 1086:1098 arg1 abolishment 1062:1072 the abolishment 1058:1072 the abolishment of N-linked glycosylation 1058:1098 Biochemical experiments using HEK293 cells over-expressing WT TRPM4/5 or N992Q/N932Q mutants demonstrated that the abolishment of N-linked glycosylation did not alter the number of channels at the plasma membrane. 24605085 1 36 theme non-selective 175:187 arg1 homolog 155:161 its closest homolog 143:161 its closest homolog 143:161 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 1 36 theme non-selective 175:187 arg1 channel 123:129 The transient receptor potential channel 90:129 The transient receptor potential channel 90:129 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 1 36 theme non-selective 175:187 arg1 channels 196:203 non-selective cation channels 175:203 non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium 175:262 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 0 37 theme channels 33:40 arg1 Glycosylation 0:12 Glycosylation 0:12 Glycosylation of TRPM4 and TRPM5 channels 0:40 Glycosylation of TRPM4 and TRPM5 channels: molecular determinants and functional aspects. 24605085 8 38 theme mutant 1262:1267 arg1 channels 1269:1276 both mutant channels 1257:1276 both mutant channels 1257:1276 In parallel, electrophysiological experiments demonstrated a decrease in the current density of both mutant channels, as compared to their respective controls, either due to the Asn to Gln mutations themselves or abolition of glycosylation. 24605085 4 39 theme HEK293 623:628 arg1 cells 630:634 HEK293 cells 623:634 HEK293 cells 623:634 We, and others, have reported that wild-type (WT) TRPM4 channels expressed in HEK293 cells, migrated on SDS-PAGE gel as doublets, similar to other ion channels and membrane proteins. 24605085 0 40 gly Glycosylation 0:12 arg1 channels 33:40 TRPM4 and TRPM5 channels 17:40 TRPM4 and TRPM5 channels 17:40 Glycosylation of TRPM4 and TRPM5 channels: molecular determinants and functional aspects. 24605085 1 41 theme cation 189:194 arg1 homolog 155:161 its closest homolog 143:161 its closest homolog 143:161 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 1 41 theme cation 189:194 arg1 channel 123:129 The transient receptor potential channel 90:129 The transient receptor potential channel 90:129 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 1 41 theme cation 189:194 arg1 channels 196:203 non-selective cation channels 175:203 non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium 175:262 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 0 42 theme TRPM5 27:31 arg1 channels 33:40 TRPM4 and TRPM5 channels 17:40 TRPM4 and TRPM5 channels 17:40 Glycosylation of TRPM4 and TRPM5 channels: molecular determinants and functional aspects. 24605085 11 43 theme unique 1775:1780 arg1 site 1782:1785 a unique site 1773:1785 a unique site 1773:1785 Altogether, these results demonstrate that TRPM4 and TRPM5 are both N-linked glycosylated at a unique site and also suggest that TRPM4/5 glycosylation seems not to be involved in channel trafficking, but mainly in their functional regulation. 24605085 1 44 from increase 230:237 arg1 calcium 256:262 intracellular calcium 242:262 intracellular calcium 242:262 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 9 45 theme glycosylation 1527:1539 arg1 tunicamycin 1498:1508 tunicamycin 1498:1508 tunicamycin 1498:1508 To discriminate between these possibilities, HEK293 cells expressing TRPM4 WT were treated with tunicamycin, an inhibitor of glycosylation. 24605085 9 45 theme glycosylation 1527:1539 arg1 inhibitor 1514:1522 an inhibitor 1511:1522 an inhibitor of glycosylation 1511:1539 To discriminate between these possibilities, HEK293 cells expressing TRPM4 WT were treated with tunicamycin, an inhibitor of glycosylation. 24605085 10 46 theme tunicamycin 1608:1618 arg1 treatment 1620:1628 tunicamycin treatment 1608:1628 tunicamycin treatment 1608:1628 In contrast to N-glycosylation signal abolishment by mutagenesis, tunicamycin treatment led to an increase in the TRPM4-mediated current. 24605085 0 47 theme molecular 43:51 arg1 determinants 53:64 molecular determinants 43:64 molecular determinants 43:64 Glycosylation of TRPM4 and TRPM5 channels: molecular determinants and functional aspects. 24605085 5 48 theme unique 827:832 arg1 Asn 856:858 Asn(932) 856:863 Asn(932) 856:863 In the present study, we provide evidence that TRPM4 and TRPM5 are each N-linked glycosylated at a unique residue, Asn(992) and Asn(932), respectively. 24605085 5 48 theme unique 827:832 arg1 Asn 843:845 Asn(992) 843:850 Asn(992) 843:850 In the present study, we provide evidence that TRPM4 and TRPM5 are each N-linked glycosylated at a unique residue, Asn(992) and Asn(932), respectively. 24605085 5 48 theme unique 827:832 arg1 residue 834:840 a unique residue 825:840 a unique residue 825:840 In the present study, we provide evidence that TRPM4 and TRPM5 are each N-linked glycosylated at a unique residue, Asn(992) and Asn(932), respectively. 24605085 7 49 theme Biochemical 947:957 arg1 experiments 959:969 Biochemical experiments 947:969 Biochemical experiments using HEK293 cells over-expressing WT TRPM4/5 or N992Q/N932Q mutants 947:1038 Biochemical experiments using HEK293 cells over-expressing WT TRPM4/5 or N992Q/N932Q mutants demonstrated that the abolishment of N-linked glycosylation did not alter the number of channels at the plasma membrane. 24605085 6 50 link N-linked 880:887 arg1 TRPM4 902:906 N-linked glycosylated TRPM4 880:906 N-linked glycosylated TRPM4 880:906 N-linked glycosylated TRPM4 is also found in native cardiac cells. 24605085 1 51 theme potential 113:121 arg1 homolog 155:161 its closest homolog 143:161 its closest homolog 143:161 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 1 51 theme potential 113:121 arg1 TRPM4 132:136 TRPM4 132:136 TRPM4 132:136 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 1 51 theme potential 113:121 arg1 channel 123:129 The transient receptor potential channel 90:129 The transient receptor potential channel 90:129 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 1 51 theme potential 113:121 arg1 channels 196:203 non-selective cation channels 175:203 non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium 175:262 The transient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, and its closest homolog, TRPM5, are non-selective cation channels that are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium. 24605085 7 52 theme HEK293 977:982 arg1 cells 984:988 HEK293 cells over-expressing WT TRPM4/5 or N992Q/N932Q mutants 977:1038 HEK293 cells over-expressing WT TRPM4/5 or N992Q/N932Q mutants 977:1038 Biochemical experiments using HEK293 cells over-expressing WT TRPM4/5 or N992Q/N932Q mutants demonstrated that the abolishment of N-linked glycosylation did not alter the number of channels at the plasma membrane. 24605085 9 53 theme TRPM4 1471:1475 arg1 WT 1477:1478 TRPM4 WT 1471:1478 TRPM4 WT 1471:1478 To discriminate between these possibilities, HEK293 cells expressing TRPM4 WT were treated with tunicamycin, an inhibitor of glycosylation. 24605085 7 54 theme N992Q/N932Q 1020:1030 arg1 mutants 1032:1038 N992Q/N932Q mutants 1020:1038 N992Q/N932Q mutants 1020:1038 Biochemical experiments using HEK293 cells over-expressing WT TRPM4/5 or N992Q/N932Q mutants demonstrated that the abolishment of N-linked glycosylation did not alter the number of channels at the plasma membrane. 24605085 6 55 gly glycosylated 889:900 arg1 TRPM4 902:906 N-linked glycosylated TRPM4 880:906 N-linked glycosylated TRPM4 880:906 N-linked glycosylated TRPM4 is also found in native cardiac cells. 24605085 8 56 theme Gln 1346:1348 arg1 mutations 1350:1358 Gln mutations 1346:1358 Gln mutations themselves 1346:1369 In parallel, electrophysiological experiments demonstrated a decrease in the current density of both mutant channels, as compared to their respective controls, either due to the Asn to Gln mutations themselves or abolition of glycosylation. 24605085 10 57 theme signal 1573:1578 arg1 abolishment 1580:1590 N-glycosylation signal abolishment 1557:1590 N-glycosylation signal abolishment by mutagenesis 1557:1605 In contrast to N-glycosylation signal abolishment by mutagenesis, tunicamycin treatment led to an increase in the TRPM4-mediated current. 24605085 8 58 theme glycosylation 1387:1399 arg1 abolition 1374:1382 abolition 1374:1382 abolition of glycosylation 1374:1399 In parallel, electrophysiological experiments demonstrated a decrease in the current density of both mutant channels, as compared to their respective controls, either due to the Asn to Gln mutations themselves or abolition of glycosylation. 24605085 8 58 theme glycosylation 1387:1399 arg1 mutations 1350:1358 Gln mutations 1346:1358 Gln mutations themselves 1346:1369 In parallel, electrophysiological experiments demonstrated a decrease in the current density of both mutant channels, as compared to their respective controls, either due to the Asn to Gln mutations themselves or abolition of glycosylation. 24605085 11 59 theme channel 1859:1865 arg1 trafficking 1867:1877 channel trafficking 1859:1877 channel trafficking 1859:1877 Altogether, these results demonstrate that TRPM4 and TRPM5 are both N-linked glycosylated at a unique site and also suggest that TRPM4/5 glycosylation seems not to be involved in channel trafficking, but mainly in their functional regulation. 24605085 11 60 theme functional 1900:1909 arg1 regulation 1911:1920 their functional regulation 1894:1920 their functional regulation 1894:1920 Altogether, these results demonstrate that TRPM4 and TRPM5 are both N-linked glycosylated at a unique site and also suggest that TRPM4/5 glycosylation seems not to be involved in channel trafficking, but mainly in their functional regulation. 24605085 4 61 theme other 686:690 arg1 channels 696:703 other ion channels 686:703 other ion channels 686:703 We, and others, have reported that wild-type (WT) TRPM4 channels expressed in HEK293 cells, migrated on SDS-PAGE gel as doublets, similar to other ion channels and membrane proteins. 24605085 4 62 theme membrane 709:716 arg1 proteins 718:725 membrane proteins 709:725 membrane proteins 709:725 We, and others, have reported that wild-type (WT) TRPM4 channels expressed in HEK293 cells, migrated on SDS-PAGE gel as doublets, similar to other ion channels and membrane proteins. 24605085 6 63 theme cardiac 932:938 arg1 cells 940:944 native cardiac cells 925:944 native cardiac cells 925:944 N-linked glycosylated TRPM4 is also found in native cardiac cells. 24605085 10 64 dep abolishment 1580:1590 arg1 contrast 1545:1552 contrast 1545:1552 contrast 1545:1552 In contrast to N-glycosylation signal abolishment by mutagenesis, tunicamycin treatment led to an increase in the TRPM4-mediated current. 24605085 8 65 from decrease 1222:1229 arg1 density 1246:1252 the current density 1234:1252 the current density of both mutant channels 1234:1276 In parallel, electrophysiological experiments demonstrated a decrease in the current density of both mutant channels, as compared to their respective controls, either due to the Asn to Gln mutations themselves or abolition of glycosylation. 24605085 8 66 theme current 1238:1244 arg1 density 1246:1252 the current density 1234:1252 the current density of both mutant channels 1234:1276 In parallel, electrophysiological experiments demonstrated a decrease in the current density of both mutant channels, as compared to their respective controls, either due to the Asn to Gln mutations themselves or abolition of glycosylation. 24605085 6 67 theme native 925:930 arg1 cells 940:944 native cardiac cells 925:944 native cardiac cells 925:944 N-linked glycosylated TRPM4 is also found in native cardiac cells. 24605085 9 68 theme HEK293 1447:1452 arg1 cells 1454:1458 HEK293 cells 1447:1458 HEK293 cells expressing TRPM4 WT 1447:1478 To discriminate between these possibilities, HEK293 cells expressing TRPM4 WT were treated with tunicamycin, an inhibitor of glycosylation. 24605085 3 69 theme particular 494:503 arg1 modifications 530:542 particular their post-translational modifications 494:542 particular their post-translational modifications 494:542 Although the electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of these two channels have been previously studied, less is known about their regulation, in particular their post-translational modifications. 24605085 4 70 theme TRPM4 595:599 arg1 channels 601:608 wild-type (WT) TRPM4 channels 580:608 wild-type (WT) TRPM4 channels 580:608 We, and others, have reported that wild-type (WT) TRPM4 channels expressed in HEK293 cells, migrated on SDS-PAGE gel as doublets, similar to other ion channels and membrane proteins. 24605085 0 71 theme TRPM4 17:21 arg1 channels 33:40 TRPM4 and TRPM5 channels 17:40 TRPM4 and TRPM5 channels 17:40 Glycosylation of TRPM4 and TRPM5 channels: molecular determinants and functional aspects. 24605085 4 72 theme SDS-PAGE 649:656 arg1 gel 658:660 SDS-PAGE gel 649:660 SDS-PAGE gel 649:660 We, and others, have reported that wild-type (WT) TRPM4 channels expressed in HEK293 cells, migrated on SDS-PAGE gel as doublets, similar to other ion channels and membrane proteins. 24605085 10 73 theme N-glycosylation 1557:1571 arg1 abolishment 1580:1590 N-glycosylation signal abolishment 1557:1590 N-glycosylation signal abolishment by mutagenesis 1557:1605 In contrast to N-glycosylation signal abolishment by mutagenesis, tunicamycin treatment led to an increase in the TRPM4-mediated current. 24628331 6 0 theme glycoforms 870:879 arg1 ratio 842:846 the abundance ratio 828:846 the abundance ratio of two representative glycoforms (fucosyl vs non-fucosyl) 828:904 Among these glycans, the abundance ratio of two representative glycoforms (fucosyl vs non-fucosyl) was significantly increased in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 4 1 from VTN 747:749 arg1 present 736:742 present 736:742 present 736:742 A total of 14 unique N-linked glycans corresponding to 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides were characterized at three N-linked sites (Asn-86, -169, and -242) present in VTN. 24628331 8 2 theme relative 1251:1258 arg1 plasma 1244:1249 HCC plasma 1240:1249 HCC plasma relative to normal plasma 1240:1275 Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach employing tandem mass tag (TMT) and target N-linked glycopeptides of VTN is a useful tool for quantifying specific glycans in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 4 3 theme N-linked 601:608 arg1 glycans 610:616 14 unique N-linked glycans 591:616 14 unique N-linked glycans corresponding to 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides 591:666 A total of 14 unique N-linked glycans corresponding to 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides were characterized at three N-linked sites (Asn-86, -169, and -242) present in VTN. 24628331 5 4 theme good 775:778 arg1 markers 790:796 good candidate markers 775:796 good candidate markers for HCC 775:804 These glycans could be good candidate markers for HCC. 24628331 8 5 theme N-linked 1157:1164 arg1 glycopeptides 1166:1178 target N-linked glycopeptides 1150:1178 target N-linked glycopeptides of VTN 1150:1185 Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach employing tandem mass tag (TMT) and target N-linked glycopeptides of VTN is a useful tool for quantifying specific glycans in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 3 6 theme VTN 540:542 arg1 glycopeptides 523:535 site-specific N-linked glycopeptides 500:535 site-specific N-linked glycopeptides of VTN 500:542 In this study, we describe a reliable and simple quantification strategy based on abundance ratios of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides of VTN to screen for potential biomarkers. 24628331 4 7 theme unique 594:599 arg1 glycans 610:616 14 unique N-linked glycans 591:616 14 unique N-linked glycans corresponding to 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides 591:666 A total of 14 unique N-linked glycans corresponding to 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides were characterized at three N-linked sites (Asn-86, -169, and -242) present in VTN. 24628331 0 8 theme carcinoma 128:136 arg1 patients 138:145 hepatocellular carcinoma patients 113:145 hepatocellular carcinoma patients 113:145 Abundance-ratio-based semiquantitative analysis of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides present in the plasma of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 24628331 4 9 attach present 736:742 arg2 sites 705:709 three N-linked sites 690:709 three N-linked sites (Asn-86, -169, and -242) present in VTN 690:749 A total of 14 unique N-linked glycans corresponding to 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides were characterized at three N-linked sites (Asn-86, -169, and -242) present in VTN. 24628331 4 9 attach present 736:742 arg1 VTN 747:749 VTN 747:749 VTN 747:749 A total of 14 unique N-linked glycans corresponding to 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides were characterized at three N-linked sites (Asn-86, -169, and -242) present in VTN. 24628331 4 10 theme N-linked 696:703 arg1 sites 705:709 three N-linked sites 690:709 three N-linked sites (Asn-86, -169, and -242) present in VTN 690:749 A total of 14 unique N-linked glycans corresponding to 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides were characterized at three N-linked sites (Asn-86, -169, and -242) present in VTN. 24628331 0 11 theme hepatocellular 113:126 arg1 patients 138:145 hepatocellular carcinoma patients 113:145 hepatocellular carcinoma patients 113:145 Abundance-ratio-based semiquantitative analysis of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides present in the plasma of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 24628331 9 12 theme screening 1334:1342 arg1 platform 1344:1351 a simple and potentially useful screening platform 1302:1351 a simple and potentially useful screening platform for the discovery of cancer-specific glycobiomarkers 1302:1404 Our strategy represents a simple and potentially useful screening platform for the discovery of cancer-specific glycobiomarkers. 24628331 1 13 theme common 299:304 arg1 worldwide 320:328 the most common fatal cancers worldwide 290:328 the most common fatal cancers worldwide 290:328 Aberrant structures of site-specific N-linked glycans are closely associated with the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide. 24628331 1 14 theme Aberrant 148:155 arg1 structures 157:166 Aberrant structures 148:166 Aberrant structures of site-specific N-linked glycans 148:200 Aberrant structures of site-specific N-linked glycans are closely associated with the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide. 24628331 4 15 gly glycopeptides 654:666 arg2 glycopeptides 654:666 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides 635:666 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides 635:666 A total of 14 unique N-linked glycans corresponding to 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides were characterized at three N-linked sites (Asn-86, -169, and -242) present in VTN. 24628331 8 16 theme HCC 1240:1242 arg1 plasma 1244:1249 HCC plasma 1240:1249 HCC plasma relative to normal plasma 1240:1275 Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach employing tandem mass tag (TMT) and target N-linked glycopeptides of VTN is a useful tool for quantifying specific glycans in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 3 17 theme quantification 447:460 arg1 strategy 462:469 a reliable and simple quantification strategy 425:469 a reliable and simple quantification strategy based on abundance ratios of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides of VTN to screen for potential biomarkers 425:577 In this study, we describe a reliable and simple quantification strategy based on abundance ratios of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides of VTN to screen for potential biomarkers. 24628331 0 18 theme patients 138:145 arg1 plasma 103:108 the plasma 99:108 the plasma of hepatocellular carcinoma patients 99:145 Abundance-ratio-based semiquantitative analysis of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides present in the plasma of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 24628331 9 19 theme simple 1304:1309 arg1 platform 1344:1351 a simple and potentially useful screening platform 1302:1351 a simple and potentially useful screening platform for the discovery of cancer-specific glycobiomarkers 1302:1404 Our strategy represents a simple and potentially useful screening platform for the discovery of cancer-specific glycobiomarkers. 24628331 5 20 theme candidate 780:788 arg1 markers 790:796 good candidate markers 775:796 good candidate markers for HCC 775:804 These glycans could be good candidate markers for HCC. 24628331 3 21 theme potential 558:566 arg1 biomarkers 568:577 potential biomarkers 558:577 potential biomarkers 558:577 In this study, we describe a reliable and simple quantification strategy based on abundance ratios of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides of VTN to screen for potential biomarkers. 24628331 3 22 theme N-linked 514:521 arg1 glycopeptides 523:535 site-specific N-linked glycopeptides 500:535 site-specific N-linked glycopeptides of VTN 500:542 In this study, we describe a reliable and simple quantification strategy based on abundance ratios of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides of VTN to screen for potential biomarkers. 24628331 6 23 dep glycoforms 870:879 arg1 non-fucosyl 893:903 non-fucosyl 893:903 non-fucosyl 893:903 Among these glycans, the abundance ratio of two representative glycoforms (fucosyl vs non-fucosyl) was significantly increased in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 6 23 dep glycoforms 870:879 arg1 fucosyl 882:888 fucosyl 882:888 fucosyl 882:888 Among these glycans, the abundance ratio of two representative glycoforms (fucosyl vs non-fucosyl) was significantly increased in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 0 24 theme semiquantitative 22:37 arg1 analysis 39:46 Abundance-ratio-based semiquantitative analysis 0:46 Abundance-ratio-based semiquantitative analysis of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides 0:86 Abundance-ratio-based semiquantitative analysis of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides present in the plasma of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 24628331 3 25 gly glycopeptides 523:535 arg1 VTN 540:542 VTN 540:542 VTN 540:542 In this study, we describe a reliable and simple quantification strategy based on abundance ratios of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides of VTN to screen for potential biomarkers. 24628331 3 25 gly glycopeptides 523:535 arg2 glycopeptides 523:535 site-specific N-linked glycopeptides 500:535 site-specific N-linked glycopeptides of VTN 500:542 In this study, we describe a reliable and simple quantification strategy based on abundance ratios of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides of VTN to screen for potential biomarkers. 24628331 6 26 theme normal 960:965 arg1 plasma 967:972 normal plasma 960:972 normal plasma 960:972 Among these glycans, the abundance ratio of two representative glycoforms (fucosyl vs non-fucosyl) was significantly increased in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 0 27 theme Abundance-ratio-based 0:20 arg1 analysis 39:46 Abundance-ratio-based semiquantitative analysis 0:46 Abundance-ratio-based semiquantitative analysis of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides 0:86 Abundance-ratio-based semiquantitative analysis of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides present in the plasma of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 24628331 1 28 theme fatal 306:310 arg1 worldwide 320:328 the most common fatal cancers worldwide 290:328 the most common fatal cancers worldwide 290:328 Aberrant structures of site-specific N-linked glycans are closely associated with the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide. 24628331 0 29 link N-linked 65:72 arg1 glycopeptides 74:86 site-specific N-linked glycopeptides 51:86 site-specific N-linked glycopeptides 51:86 Abundance-ratio-based semiquantitative analysis of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides present in the plasma of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 24628331 3 30 theme simple 440:445 arg1 strategy 462:469 a reliable and simple quantification strategy 425:469 a reliable and simple quantification strategy based on abundance ratios of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides of VTN to screen for potential biomarkers 425:577 In this study, we describe a reliable and simple quantification strategy based on abundance ratios of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides of VTN to screen for potential biomarkers. 24628331 8 31 gly glycopeptides 1166:1178 arg2 glycopeptides 1166:1178 target N-linked glycopeptides 1150:1178 target N-linked glycopeptides of VTN 1150:1185 Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach employing tandem mass tag (TMT) and target N-linked glycopeptides of VTN is a useful tool for quantifying specific glycans in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 8 31 gly glycopeptides 1166:1178 arg1 VTN 1183:1185 VTN 1183:1185 VTN 1183:1185 Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach employing tandem mass tag (TMT) and target N-linked glycopeptides of VTN is a useful tool for quantifying specific glycans in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 1 32 theme cancers 312:318 arg1 worldwide 320:328 the most common fatal cancers worldwide 290:328 the most common fatal cancers worldwide 290:328 Aberrant structures of site-specific N-linked glycans are closely associated with the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide. 24628331 0 33 attach present 88:94 arg1 plasma 103:108 the plasma 99:108 the plasma of hepatocellular carcinoma patients 99:145 Abundance-ratio-based semiquantitative analysis of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides present in the plasma of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 24628331 0 33 attach present 88:94 arg2 analysis 39:46 Abundance-ratio-based semiquantitative analysis 0:46 Abundance-ratio-based semiquantitative analysis of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides 0:86 Abundance-ratio-based semiquantitative analysis of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides present in the plasma of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 24628331 3 34 theme abundance 480:488 arg1 ratios 490:495 abundance ratios 480:495 abundance ratios of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides of VTN 480:542 In this study, we describe a reliable and simple quantification strategy based on abundance ratios of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides of VTN to screen for potential biomarkers. 24628331 1 35 theme worldwide 320:328 arg1 worldwide 320:328 the most common fatal cancers worldwide 290:328 the most common fatal cancers worldwide 290:328 Aberrant structures of site-specific N-linked glycans are closely associated with the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide. 24628331 1 35 theme worldwide 320:328 arg1 one 283:285 one 283:285 one 283:285 Aberrant structures of site-specific N-linked glycans are closely associated with the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide. 24628331 1 35 theme worldwide 320:328 arg1 carcinoma 266:274 hepatocellular carcinoma 251:274 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 251:280 Aberrant structures of site-specific N-linked glycans are closely associated with the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide. 24628331 4 36 link N-linked 645:652 arg1 glycopeptides 654:666 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides 635:666 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides 635:666 A total of 14 unique N-linked glycans corresponding to 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides were characterized at three N-linked sites (Asn-86, -169, and -242) present in VTN. 24628331 1 37 theme hepatocellular 251:264 arg1 worldwide 320:328 the most common fatal cancers worldwide 290:328 the most common fatal cancers worldwide 290:328 Aberrant structures of site-specific N-linked glycans are closely associated with the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide. 24628331 1 37 theme hepatocellular 251:264 arg1 HCC 277:279 HCC 277:279 HCC 277:279 Aberrant structures of site-specific N-linked glycans are closely associated with the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide. 24628331 1 37 theme hepatocellular 251:264 arg1 one 283:285 one 283:285 one 283:285 Aberrant structures of site-specific N-linked glycans are closely associated with the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide. 24628331 1 37 theme hepatocellular 251:264 arg1 carcinoma 266:274 hepatocellular carcinoma 251:274 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 251:280 Aberrant structures of site-specific N-linked glycans are closely associated with the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide. 24628331 0 38 theme N-linked 65:72 arg1 glycopeptides 74:86 site-specific N-linked glycopeptides 51:86 site-specific N-linked glycopeptides 51:86 Abundance-ratio-based semiquantitative analysis of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides present in the plasma of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 24628331 1 39 link N-linked 185:192 arg1 glycans 194:200 site-specific N-linked glycans 171:200 site-specific N-linked glycans 171:200 Aberrant structures of site-specific N-linked glycans are closely associated with the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide. 24628331 6 40 theme representative 855:868 arg1 glycoforms 870:879 two representative glycoforms 851:879 two representative glycoforms (fucosyl vs non-fucosyl) 851:904 Among these glycans, the abundance ratio of two representative glycoforms (fucosyl vs non-fucosyl) was significantly increased in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 1 41 theme carcinoma 266:274 arg1 tumorigenesis 234:246 the tumorigenesis 230:246 the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide 230:328 Aberrant structures of site-specific N-linked glycans are closely associated with the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide. 24628331 3 42 theme reliable 427:434 arg1 strategy 462:469 a reliable and simple quantification strategy 425:469 a reliable and simple quantification strategy based on abundance ratios of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides of VTN to screen for potential biomarkers 425:577 In this study, we describe a reliable and simple quantification strategy based on abundance ratios of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides of VTN to screen for potential biomarkers. 24628331 6 43 theme relative 948:955 arg1 plasma 941:946 HCC plasma 937:946 HCC plasma relative to normal plasma 937:972 Among these glycans, the abundance ratio of two representative glycoforms (fucosyl vs non-fucosyl) was significantly increased in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 8 44 theme useful 1192:1197 arg1 tool 1199:1202 a useful tool 1190:1202 a useful tool for quantifying specific glycans in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma 1190:1275 Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach employing tandem mass tag (TMT) and target N-linked glycopeptides of VTN is a useful tool for quantifying specific glycans in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 8 44 theme useful 1192:1197 arg1 approach 1105:1112 our approach 1101:1112 our approach employing tandem mass tag (TMT) and target N-linked glycopeptides of VTN 1101:1185 Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach employing tandem mass tag (TMT) and target N-linked glycopeptides of VTN is a useful tool for quantifying specific glycans in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 8 45 theme normal 1263:1268 arg1 plasma 1270:1275 normal plasma 1263:1275 normal plasma 1263:1275 Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach employing tandem mass tag (TMT) and target N-linked glycopeptides of VTN is a useful tool for quantifying specific glycans in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 4 46 theme N-linked 645:652 arg1 glycopeptides 654:666 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides 635:666 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides 635:666 A total of 14 unique N-linked glycans corresponding to 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides were characterized at three N-linked sites (Asn-86, -169, and -242) present in VTN. 24628331 8 47 theme VTN 1183:1185 arg1 TMT 1141:1143 TMT 1141:1143 TMT 1141:1143 Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach employing tandem mass tag (TMT) and target N-linked glycopeptides of VTN is a useful tool for quantifying specific glycans in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 8 47 theme VTN 1183:1185 arg1 tag 1136:1138 tandem mass tag 1124:1138 tandem mass tag (TMT) 1124:1144 Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach employing tandem mass tag (TMT) and target N-linked glycopeptides of VTN is a useful tool for quantifying specific glycans in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 8 47 theme VTN 1183:1185 arg1 glycopeptides 1166:1178 target N-linked glycopeptides 1150:1178 target N-linked glycopeptides of VTN 1150:1185 Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach employing tandem mass tag (TMT) and target N-linked glycopeptides of VTN is a useful tool for quantifying specific glycans in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 9 48 theme useful 1327:1332 arg1 platform 1344:1351 a simple and potentially useful screening platform 1302:1351 a simple and potentially useful screening platform for the discovery of cancer-specific glycobiomarkers 1302:1404 Our strategy represents a simple and potentially useful screening platform for the discovery of cancer-specific glycobiomarkers. 24628331 4 49 link N-linked 696:703 arg1 sites 705:709 three N-linked sites 690:709 three N-linked sites (Asn-86, -169, and -242) present in VTN 690:749 A total of 14 unique N-linked glycans corresponding to 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides were characterized at three N-linked sites (Asn-86, -169, and -242) present in VTN. 24628331 7 50 theme potential 1030:1038 arg1 biomarker 1044:1052 another potential HCC biomarker 1022:1052 another potential HCC biomarker 1022:1052 This strategy was also successfully applied to another potential HCC biomarker, haptoglobin. 24628331 7 50 theme potential 1030:1038 arg1 haptoglobin 1055:1065 haptoglobin 1055:1065 haptoglobin 1055:1065 This strategy was also successfully applied to another potential HCC biomarker, haptoglobin. 24628331 2 51 theme candidate 365:373 arg1 glycobiomarker 375:388 a candidate glycobiomarker 363:388 a candidate glycobiomarker of HCC 363:395 Vitronectin (VTN) is considered a candidate glycobiomarker of HCC. 24628331 0 52 theme glycopeptides 74:86 arg1 analysis 39:46 Abundance-ratio-based semiquantitative analysis 0:46 Abundance-ratio-based semiquantitative analysis of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides 0:86 Abundance-ratio-based semiquantitative analysis of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides present in the plasma of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 24628331 6 53 theme HCC 937:939 arg1 plasma 941:946 HCC plasma 937:946 HCC plasma relative to normal plasma 937:972 Among these glycans, the abundance ratio of two representative glycoforms (fucosyl vs non-fucosyl) was significantly increased in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 9 54 theme glycobiomarkers 1390:1404 arg1 discovery 1361:1369 the discovery 1357:1369 the discovery of cancer-specific glycobiomarkers 1357:1404 Our strategy represents a simple and potentially useful screening platform for the discovery of cancer-specific glycobiomarkers. 24628331 3 55 theme glycopeptides 523:535 arg1 ratios 490:495 abundance ratios 480:495 abundance ratios of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides of VTN 480:542 In this study, we describe a reliable and simple quantification strategy based on abundance ratios of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides of VTN to screen for potential biomarkers. 24628331 2 56 theme HCC 393:395 arg1 glycobiomarker 375:388 a candidate glycobiomarker 363:388 a candidate glycobiomarker of HCC 363:395 Vitronectin (VTN) is considered a candidate glycobiomarker of HCC. 24628331 3 57 link N-linked 514:521 arg1 glycopeptides 523:535 site-specific N-linked glycopeptides 500:535 site-specific N-linked glycopeptides of VTN 500:542 In this study, we describe a reliable and simple quantification strategy based on abundance ratios of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides of VTN to screen for potential biomarkers. 24628331 6 58 theme abundance 832:840 arg1 ratio 842:846 the abundance ratio 828:846 the abundance ratio of two representative glycoforms (fucosyl vs non-fucosyl) 828:904 Among these glycans, the abundance ratio of two representative glycoforms (fucosyl vs non-fucosyl) was significantly increased in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 8 59 theme tandem 1124:1129 arg1 TMT 1141:1143 TMT 1141:1143 TMT 1141:1143 Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach employing tandem mass tag (TMT) and target N-linked glycopeptides of VTN is a useful tool for quantifying specific glycans in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 8 59 theme tandem 1124:1129 arg1 tag 1136:1138 tandem mass tag 1124:1138 tandem mass tag (TMT) 1124:1144 Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach employing tandem mass tag (TMT) and target N-linked glycopeptides of VTN is a useful tool for quantifying specific glycans in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 4 60 theme present 736:742 arg1 sites 705:709 three N-linked sites 690:709 three N-linked sites (Asn-86, -169, and -242) present in VTN 690:749 A total of 14 unique N-linked glycans corresponding to 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides were characterized at three N-linked sites (Asn-86, -169, and -242) present in VTN. 24628331 9 61 theme cancer-specific 1374:1388 arg1 glycobiomarkers 1390:1404 cancer-specific glycobiomarkers 1374:1404 cancer-specific glycobiomarkers 1374:1404 Our strategy represents a simple and potentially useful screening platform for the discovery of cancer-specific glycobiomarkers. 24628331 7 62 theme HCC 1040:1042 arg1 biomarker 1044:1052 another potential HCC biomarker 1022:1052 another potential HCC biomarker 1022:1052 This strategy was also successfully applied to another potential HCC biomarker, haptoglobin. 24628331 7 62 theme HCC 1040:1042 arg1 haptoglobin 1055:1065 haptoglobin 1055:1065 haptoglobin 1055:1065 This strategy was also successfully applied to another potential HCC biomarker, haptoglobin. 24628331 4 63 link N-linked 601:608 arg1 glycans 610:616 14 unique N-linked glycans 591:616 14 unique N-linked glycans corresponding to 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides 591:666 A total of 14 unique N-linked glycans corresponding to 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides were characterized at three N-linked sites (Asn-86, -169, and -242) present in VTN. 24628331 4 64 dep sites 705:709 arg1 -169 720:723 -169 720:723 -169 720:723 A total of 14 unique N-linked glycans corresponding to 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides were characterized at three N-linked sites (Asn-86, -169, and -242) present in VTN. 24628331 4 64 dep sites 705:709 arg1 -242 730:733 -242 730:733 -242 730:733 A total of 14 unique N-linked glycans corresponding to 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides were characterized at three N-linked sites (Asn-86, -169, and -242) present in VTN. 24628331 8 65 theme mass 1131:1134 arg1 TMT 1141:1143 TMT 1141:1143 TMT 1141:1143 Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach employing tandem mass tag (TMT) and target N-linked glycopeptides of VTN is a useful tool for quantifying specific glycans in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 8 65 theme mass 1131:1134 arg1 tag 1136:1138 tandem mass tag 1124:1138 tandem mass tag (TMT) 1124:1144 Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach employing tandem mass tag (TMT) and target N-linked glycopeptides of VTN is a useful tool for quantifying specific glycans in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 1 66 theme site-specific 171:183 arg1 glycans 194:200 site-specific N-linked glycans 171:200 site-specific N-linked glycans 171:200 Aberrant structures of site-specific N-linked glycans are closely associated with the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide. 24628331 4 67 from present 736:742 arg1 VTN 747:749 VTN 747:749 VTN 747:749 A total of 14 unique N-linked glycans corresponding to 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides were characterized at three N-linked sites (Asn-86, -169, and -242) present in VTN. 24628331 0 68 gly glycopeptides 74:86 arg2 glycopeptides 74:86 site-specific N-linked glycopeptides 51:86 site-specific N-linked glycopeptides 51:86 Abundance-ratio-based semiquantitative analysis of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides present in the plasma of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 24628331 8 69 link N-linked 1157:1164 arg1 glycopeptides 1166:1178 target N-linked glycopeptides 1150:1178 target N-linked glycopeptides of VTN 1150:1185 Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach employing tandem mass tag (TMT) and target N-linked glycopeptides of VTN is a useful tool for quantifying specific glycans in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 1 70 theme N-linked 185:192 arg1 glycans 194:200 site-specific N-linked glycans 171:200 site-specific N-linked glycans 171:200 Aberrant structures of site-specific N-linked glycans are closely associated with the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide. 24628331 3 71 theme site-specific 500:512 arg1 glycopeptides 523:535 site-specific N-linked glycopeptides 500:535 site-specific N-linked glycopeptides of VTN 500:542 In this study, we describe a reliable and simple quantification strategy based on abundance ratios of site-specific N-linked glycopeptides of VTN to screen for potential biomarkers. 24628331 4 72 theme glycans 610:616 arg1 total 582:586 A total 580:586 A total of 14 unique N-linked glycans corresponding to 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides 580:666 A total of 14 unique N-linked glycans corresponding to 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides were characterized at three N-linked sites (Asn-86, -169, and -242) present in VTN. 24628331 8 73 theme specific 1220:1227 arg1 glycans 1229:1235 specific glycans 1220:1235 specific glycans 1220:1235 Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach employing tandem mass tag (TMT) and target N-linked glycopeptides of VTN is a useful tool for quantifying specific glycans in HCC plasma relative to normal plasma. 24628331 1 74 theme glycans 194:200 arg1 structures 157:166 Aberrant structures 148:166 Aberrant structures of site-specific N-linked glycans 148:200 Aberrant structures of site-specific N-linked glycans are closely associated with the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide. 24628331 4 75 theme unique 638:643 arg1 glycopeptides 654:666 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides 635:666 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides 635:666 A total of 14 unique N-linked glycans corresponding to 27 unique N-linked glycopeptides were characterized at three N-linked sites (Asn-86, -169, and -242) present in VTN. 28893149 8 0 theme relevant 1405:1412 arg1 choice 1414:1419 a relevant choice 1403:1419 a relevant choice of adjuvant 1403:1431 The results contribute to a better knowledge of the relationship between sludge composition and its rheological properties, which is useful for the optimization of sludge mixing, pumping or aeration and also for the improvement of sludge dewatering, notably by a relevant choice of adjuvant. 28893149 6 1 theme sludge 984:989 arg1 parameters 1003:1012 sludge rheological parameters 984:1012 sludge rheological parameters 984:1012 Results demonstrated that if suspended solid concentration affected sludge rheological parameters, the nature of the solids was quite of importance. 28893149 0 2 theme liquid 53:58 arg1 compartments 60:71 solid and liquid compartments 43:71 solid and liquid compartments of activated sludge impact its rheological characteristics 43:130 How the nature of the compounds present in solid and liquid compartments of activated sludge impact its rheological characteristics. 28893149 7 3 theme molecular 1092:1100 arg1 weight 1102:1107 molecular weight 1092:1107 molecular weight 1092:1107 The key role of nature and molecular weight of solutes was also highlighted. 28893149 1 4 from role 146:149 arg1 characteristics 198:212 the rheological characteristics 182:212 the rheological characteristics of sludge 182:222 Although the role of the solids concentration on the rheological characteristics of sludge is greatly documented in the literature, few studies focused on the impact of the nature of these solids. 28893149 7 5 theme weight 1102:1107 arg1 role 1073:1076 The key role 1065:1076 The key role of nature and molecular weight of solutes 1065:1118 The key role of nature and molecular weight of solutes was also highlighted. 28893149 0 6 theme activated 76:84 arg1 sludge 86:91 activated sludge 76:91 activated sludge impact its rheological characteristics 76:130 How the nature of the compounds present in solid and liquid compartments of activated sludge impact its rheological characteristics. 28893149 1 7 theme solids 322:327 arg1 nature 306:311 the nature 302:311 the nature of these solids 302:327 Although the role of the solids concentration on the rheological characteristics of sludge is greatly documented in the literature, few studies focused on the impact of the nature of these solids. 28893149 8 8 theme dewatering 1380:1389 arg1 improvement 1358:1368 the improvement 1354:1368 the improvement of sludge dewatering 1354:1389 The results contribute to a better knowledge of the relationship between sludge composition and its rheological properties, which is useful for the optimization of sludge mixing, pumping or aeration and also for the improvement of sludge dewatering, notably by a relevant choice of adjuvant. 28893149 3 9 theme study 503:507 arg1 objective 485:493 the objective 481:493 the objective of this study 481:507 Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the rheological characteristics of activated sludge in relation with the nature of the compounds present in the solid and liquid phases. 28893149 8 10 theme aeration 1332:1339 arg1 optimization 1290:1301 the optimization 1286:1301 the optimization of sludge mixing, pumping or aeration 1286:1339 The results contribute to a better knowledge of the relationship between sludge composition and its rheological properties, which is useful for the optimization of sludge mixing, pumping or aeration and also for the improvement of sludge dewatering, notably by a relevant choice of adjuvant. 28893149 7 11 theme nature 1081:1086 arg1 role 1073:1076 The key role 1065:1076 The key role of nature and molecular weight of solutes 1065:1118 The key role of nature and molecular weight of solutes was also highlighted. 28893149 7 12 theme solutes 1112:1118 arg1 nature 1081:1086 nature 1081:1086 nature 1081:1086 The key role of nature and molecular weight of solutes was also highlighted. 28893149 7 12 theme solutes 1112:1118 arg1 weight 1102:1107 molecular weight 1092:1107 molecular weight 1092:1107 The key role of nature and molecular weight of solutes was also highlighted. 28893149 0 13 dep sludge 86:91 arg1 impact 93:98 impact 93:98 impact 93:98 How the nature of the compounds present in solid and liquid compartments of activated sludge impact its rheological characteristics. 28893149 6 14 theme solid 955:959 arg1 concentration 961:973 suspended solid concentration 945:973 suspended solid concentration 945:973 Results demonstrated that if suspended solid concentration affected sludge rheological parameters, the nature of the solids was quite of importance. 28893149 7 15 theme key 1069:1071 arg1 role 1073:1076 The key role 1065:1076 The key role of nature and molecular weight of solutes 1065:1118 The key role of nature and molecular weight of solutes was also highlighted. 28893149 8 16 theme pumping 1321:1327 arg1 optimization 1290:1301 the optimization 1286:1301 the optimization of sludge mixing, pumping or aeration 1286:1339 The results contribute to a better knowledge of the relationship between sludge composition and its rheological properties, which is useful for the optimization of sludge mixing, pumping or aeration and also for the improvement of sludge dewatering, notably by a relevant choice of adjuvant. 28893149 1 17 theme concentration 165:177 arg1 role 146:149 the role 142:149 the role of the solids concentration on the rheological characteristics of sludge 142:222 Although the role of the solids concentration on the rheological characteristics of sludge is greatly documented in the literature, few studies focused on the impact of the nature of these solids. 28893149 0 18 theme sludge 86:91 arg1 compartments 60:71 solid and liquid compartments 43:71 solid and liquid compartments of activated sludge impact its rheological characteristics 43:130 How the nature of the compounds present in solid and liquid compartments of activated sludge impact its rheological characteristics. 28893149 4 19 theme solutes 794:800 arg1 addition 772:779 addition 772:779 addition of solids or solutes 772:800 Rheological measurements were carried out on raw sludge and on sludge modified by mechanical actions and/or addition of solids or solutes. 28893149 1 20 theme solids 158:163 arg1 concentration 165:177 the solids concentration 154:177 the solids concentration 154:177 Although the role of the solids concentration on the rheological characteristics of sludge is greatly documented in the literature, few studies focused on the impact of the nature of these solids. 28893149 6 21 theme suspended 945:953 arg1 concentration 961:973 suspended solid concentration 945:973 suspended solid concentration 945:973 Results demonstrated that if suspended solid concentration affected sludge rheological parameters, the nature of the solids was quite of importance. 28893149 5 22 theme dynamic 894:900 arg1 measurements 902:913 dynamic measurements 894:913 dynamic measurements 894:913 The rheological properties of raw and modified sludges were measured according to flow and dynamic measurements. 28893149 2 23 theme solutes 348:354 arg1 nature 338:343 the nature 334:343 the nature of solutes 334:354 How the nature of solutes can modify the solid-liquid interactions and thus the rheological properties of the sludge are also slightly explored. 28893149 2 24 theme rheological 410:420 arg1 properties 422:431 the rheological properties 406:431 the rheological properties of the sludge 406:445 How the nature of solutes can modify the solid-liquid interactions and thus the rheological properties of the sludge are also slightly explored. 28893149 1 25 theme few 265:267 arg1 studies 269:275 few studies 265:275 few studies 265:275 Although the role of the solids concentration on the rheological characteristics of sludge is greatly documented in the literature, few studies focused on the impact of the nature of these solids. 28893149 0 26 attach present 32:38 arg1 compartments 60:71 solid and liquid compartments 43:71 solid and liquid compartments of activated sludge impact its rheological characteristics 43:130 How the nature of the compounds present in solid and liquid compartments of activated sludge impact its rheological characteristics. 28893149 0 26 attach present 32:38 arg2 nature 8:13 the nature 4:13 the nature of the compounds 4:30 How the nature of the compounds present in solid and liquid compartments of activated sludge impact its rheological characteristics. 28893149 3 27 theme rheological 531:541 arg1 characteristics 543:557 the rheological characteristics 527:557 the rheological characteristics of activated sludge in relation with the nature of the compounds present in the solid and liquid phases 527:661 Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the rheological characteristics of activated sludge in relation with the nature of the compounds present in the solid and liquid phases. 28893149 3 28 from characteristics 543:557 arg1 relation 582:589 relation 582:589 relation with the nature of the compounds present in the solid and liquid phases 582:661 Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the rheological characteristics of activated sludge in relation with the nature of the compounds present in the solid and liquid phases. 28893149 8 29 theme sludge 1215:1220 arg1 composition 1222:1232 sludge composition 1215:1232 sludge composition 1215:1232 The results contribute to a better knowledge of the relationship between sludge composition and its rheological properties, which is useful for the optimization of sludge mixing, pumping or aeration and also for the improvement of sludge dewatering, notably by a relevant choice of adjuvant. 28893149 0 30 theme rheological 104:114 arg1 characteristics 116:130 its rheological characteristics 100:130 its rheological characteristics 100:130 How the nature of the compounds present in solid and liquid compartments of activated sludge impact its rheological characteristics. 28893149 6 31 theme solids 1033:1038 arg1 nature 1019:1024 the nature 1015:1024 the nature of the solids 1015:1038 Results demonstrated that if suspended solid concentration affected sludge rheological parameters, the nature of the solids was quite of importance. 28893149 3 32 attach present 624:630 arg1 phases 656:661 the solid and liquid phases 635:661 the solid and liquid phases 635:661 Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the rheological characteristics of activated sludge in relation with the nature of the compounds present in the solid and liquid phases. 28893149 3 32 attach present 624:630 arg2 compounds 614:622 the compounds 610:622 the compounds present in the solid and liquid phases 610:661 Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the rheological characteristics of activated sludge in relation with the nature of the compounds present in the solid and liquid phases. 28893149 4 33 theme raw 709:711 arg1 sludge 713:718 raw sludge 709:718 raw sludge 709:718 Rheological measurements were carried out on raw sludge and on sludge modified by mechanical actions and/or addition of solids or solutes. 28893149 1 34 theme rheological 186:196 arg1 characteristics 198:212 the rheological characteristics 182:212 the rheological characteristics of sludge 182:222 Although the role of the solids concentration on the rheological characteristics of sludge is greatly documented in the literature, few studies focused on the impact of the nature of these solids. 28893149 0 35 theme compounds 22:30 arg1 nature 8:13 the nature 4:13 the nature of the compounds 4:30 How the nature of the compounds present in solid and liquid compartments of activated sludge impact its rheological characteristics. 28893149 3 36 theme compounds 614:622 arg1 nature 600:605 the nature 596:605 the nature of the compounds present in the solid and liquid phases 596:661 Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the rheological characteristics of activated sludge in relation with the nature of the compounds present in the solid and liquid phases. 28893149 3 37 theme activated 562:570 arg1 sludge 572:577 activated sludge 562:577 activated sludge 562:577 Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the rheological characteristics of activated sludge in relation with the nature of the compounds present in the solid and liquid phases. 28893149 2 38 theme solid-liquid 371:382 arg1 interactions 384:395 the solid-liquid interactions 367:395 the solid-liquid interactions 367:395 How the nature of solutes can modify the solid-liquid interactions and thus the rheological properties of the sludge are also slightly explored. 28893149 2 39 theme sludge 440:445 arg1 properties 422:431 the rheological properties 406:431 the rheological properties of the sludge 406:445 How the nature of solutes can modify the solid-liquid interactions and thus the rheological properties of the sludge are also slightly explored. 28893149 5 40 theme raw 833:835 arg1 properties 819:828 The rheological properties 803:828 The rheological properties of raw and modified sludges 803:856 The rheological properties of raw and modified sludges were measured according to flow and dynamic measurements. 28893149 3 41 theme sludge 572:577 arg1 characteristics 543:557 the rheological characteristics 527:557 the rheological characteristics of activated sludge in relation with the nature of the compounds present in the solid and liquid phases 527:661 Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the rheological characteristics of activated sludge in relation with the nature of the compounds present in the solid and liquid phases. 28893149 5 42 theme rheological 807:817 arg1 properties 819:828 The rheological properties 803:828 The rheological properties of raw and modified sludges 803:856 The rheological properties of raw and modified sludges were measured according to flow and dynamic measurements. 28893149 3 43 from phases 656:661 arg1 present 624:630 present 624:630 present 624:630 Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the rheological characteristics of activated sludge in relation with the nature of the compounds present in the solid and liquid phases. 28893149 8 44 theme mixing 1313:1318 arg1 optimization 1290:1301 the optimization 1286:1301 the optimization of sludge mixing, pumping or aeration 1286:1339 The results contribute to a better knowledge of the relationship between sludge composition and its rheological properties, which is useful for the optimization of sludge mixing, pumping or aeration and also for the improvement of sludge dewatering, notably by a relevant choice of adjuvant. 28893149 3 45 with relation 582:589 arg1 nature 600:605 the nature 596:605 the nature of the compounds present in the solid and liquid phases 596:661 Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the rheological characteristics of activated sludge in relation with the nature of the compounds present in the solid and liquid phases. 28893149 3 46 theme liquid 649:654 arg1 phases 656:661 the solid and liquid phases 635:661 the solid and liquid phases 635:661 Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the rheological characteristics of activated sludge in relation with the nature of the compounds present in the solid and liquid phases. 28893149 8 47 theme adjuvant 1424:1431 arg1 choice 1414:1419 a relevant choice 1403:1419 a relevant choice of adjuvant 1403:1431 The results contribute to a better knowledge of the relationship between sludge composition and its rheological properties, which is useful for the optimization of sludge mixing, pumping or aeration and also for the improvement of sludge dewatering, notably by a relevant choice of adjuvant. 28893149 4 48 theme solids 784:789 arg1 addition 772:779 addition 772:779 addition of solids or solutes 772:800 Rheological measurements were carried out on raw sludge and on sludge modified by mechanical actions and/or addition of solids or solutes. 28893149 4 49 theme Rheological 664:674 arg1 measurements 676:687 Rheological measurements 664:687 Rheological measurements 664:687 Rheological measurements were carried out on raw sludge and on sludge modified by mechanical actions and/or addition of solids or solutes. 28893149 3 50 theme solid 639:643 arg1 phases 656:661 the solid and liquid phases 635:661 the solid and liquid phases 635:661 Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the rheological characteristics of activated sludge in relation with the nature of the compounds present in the solid and liquid phases. 28893149 4 51 theme mechanical 746:755 arg1 actions 757:763 mechanical actions 746:763 mechanical actions 746:763 Rheological measurements were carried out on raw sludge and on sludge modified by mechanical actions and/or addition of solids or solutes. 28893149 1 52 theme sludge 217:222 arg1 characteristics 198:212 the rheological characteristics 182:212 the rheological characteristics of sludge 182:222 Although the role of the solids concentration on the rheological characteristics of sludge is greatly documented in the literature, few studies focused on the impact of the nature of these solids. 28893149 3 53 theme present 624:630 arg1 compounds 614:622 the compounds 610:622 the compounds present in the solid and liquid phases 610:661 Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the rheological characteristics of activated sludge in relation with the nature of the compounds present in the solid and liquid phases. 28893149 8 54 theme sludge 1373:1378 arg1 dewatering 1380:1389 sludge dewatering 1373:1389 sludge dewatering 1373:1389 The results contribute to a better knowledge of the relationship between sludge composition and its rheological properties, which is useful for the optimization of sludge mixing, pumping or aeration and also for the improvement of sludge dewatering, notably by a relevant choice of adjuvant. 28893149 8 55 theme sludge 1306:1311 arg1 mixing 1313:1318 sludge mixing 1306:1318 sludge mixing 1306:1318 The results contribute to a better knowledge of the relationship between sludge composition and its rheological properties, which is useful for the optimization of sludge mixing, pumping or aeration and also for the improvement of sludge dewatering, notably by a relevant choice of adjuvant. 28893149 8 56 theme better 1170:1175 arg1 knowledge 1177:1185 a better knowledge 1168:1185 a better knowledge of the relationship between sludge composition and its rheological properties, which is useful for the optimization of sludge mixing, pumping or aeration and also for the improvement of sludge dewatering, notably by a relevant choice of adjuvant 1168:1431 The results contribute to a better knowledge of the relationship between sludge composition and its rheological properties, which is useful for the optimization of sludge mixing, pumping or aeration and also for the improvement of sludge dewatering, notably by a relevant choice of adjuvant. 28893149 3 57 from present 624:630 arg1 phases 656:661 the solid and liquid phases 635:661 the solid and liquid phases 635:661 Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the rheological characteristics of activated sludge in relation with the nature of the compounds present in the solid and liquid phases. 28893149 8 58 theme rheological 1242:1252 arg1 properties 1254:1263 its rheological properties 1238:1263 its rheological properties 1238:1263 The results contribute to a better knowledge of the relationship between sludge composition and its rheological properties, which is useful for the optimization of sludge mixing, pumping or aeration and also for the improvement of sludge dewatering, notably by a relevant choice of adjuvant. 28893149 5 59 theme modified 841:848 arg1 sludges 850:856 modified sludges 841:856 modified sludges 841:856 The rheological properties of raw and modified sludges were measured according to flow and dynamic measurements. 28893149 8 60 theme relationship 1194:1205 arg1 knowledge 1177:1185 a better knowledge 1168:1185 a better knowledge of the relationship between sludge composition and its rheological properties, which is useful for the optimization of sludge mixing, pumping or aeration and also for the improvement of sludge dewatering, notably by a relevant choice of adjuvant 1168:1431 The results contribute to a better knowledge of the relationship between sludge composition and its rheological properties, which is useful for the optimization of sludge mixing, pumping or aeration and also for the improvement of sludge dewatering, notably by a relevant choice of adjuvant. 28893149 0 61 theme solid 43:47 arg1 compartments 60:71 solid and liquid compartments 43:71 solid and liquid compartments of activated sludge impact its rheological characteristics 43:130 How the nature of the compounds present in solid and liquid compartments of activated sludge impact its rheological characteristics. 28893149 1 62 theme nature 306:311 arg1 impact 292:297 the impact 288:297 the impact of the nature of these solids 288:327 Although the role of the solids concentration on the rheological characteristics of sludge is greatly documented in the literature, few studies focused on the impact of the nature of these solids. 28893149 5 63 theme sludges 850:856 arg1 properties 819:828 The rheological properties 803:828 The rheological properties of raw and modified sludges 803:856 The rheological properties of raw and modified sludges were measured according to flow and dynamic measurements. 28893149 6 64 theme rheological 991:1001 arg1 parameters 1003:1012 sludge rheological parameters 984:1012 sludge rheological parameters 984:1012 Results demonstrated that if suspended solid concentration affected sludge rheological parameters, the nature of the solids was quite of importance. 27346875 3 0 theme Metabolic 305:313 arg1 labeling 322:329 Metabolic glycan labeling 305:329 Metabolic glycan labeling in Arabidopsis thaliana by using N-azidoacetylglucosamine (GlcNAz) as the chemical reporter 305:421 Metabolic glycan labeling in Arabidopsis thaliana by using N-azidoacetylglucosamine (GlcNAz) as the chemical reporter is reported. 27346875 5 1 theme glycans 686:692 arg1 visualization 642:654 visualization 642:654 visualization of newly synthesized N-linked glycans 642:692 Click-labeling with fluorescent probes enables visualization of newly synthesized N-linked glycans. 27346875 6 2 theme distribution 765:776 arg1 patterns 778:785 distinct distribution patterns 756:785 distinct distribution patterns in different developmental zones 756:818 N-glycosylation in the root tissue was discovered to possess distinct distribution patterns in different developmental zones, suggesting that N-glycosylation is regulated in a developmental stage-dependent manner. 27346875 3 3 theme glycan 315:320 arg1 labeling 322:329 Metabolic glycan labeling 305:329 Metabolic glycan labeling in Arabidopsis thaliana by using N-azidoacetylglucosamine (GlcNAz) as the chemical reporter 305:421 Metabolic glycan labeling in Arabidopsis thaliana by using N-azidoacetylglucosamine (GlcNAz) as the chemical reporter is reported. 27346875 0 4 from Labeling 10:17 arg1 Thaliana 66:73 Arabidopsis Thaliana 54:73 Arabidopsis Thaliana 54:73 Metabolic Labeling and Imaging of N-Linked Glycans in Arabidopsis Thaliana. 27346875 5 5 theme fluorescent 615:625 arg1 probes 627:632 fluorescent probes 615:632 fluorescent probes 615:632 Click-labeling with fluorescent probes enables visualization of newly synthesized N-linked glycans. 27346875 7 6 theme metabolic 940:948 arg1 labeling 957:964 metabolic glycan labeling 940:964 metabolic glycan labeling 940:964 This work shows the utility of metabolic glycan labeling in elucidating the function of N-linked glycosylation in plants. 27346875 6 7 contain possess 748:754 arg1 N-glycosylation 695:709 N-glycosylation 695:709 N-glycosylation in the root tissue 695:728 N-glycosylation in the root tissue was discovered to possess distinct distribution patterns in different developmental zones, suggesting that N-glycosylation is regulated in a developmental stage-dependent manner. 27346875 6 7 contain possess 748:754 arg2 patterns 778:785 distinct distribution patterns 756:785 distinct distribution patterns in different developmental zones 756:818 N-glycosylation in the root tissue was discovered to possess distinct distribution patterns in different developmental zones, suggesting that N-glycosylation is regulated in a developmental stage-dependent manner. 27346875 6 8 theme developmental 871:883 arg1 manner 901:906 a developmental stage-dependent manner 869:906 a developmental stage-dependent manner 869:906 N-glycosylation in the root tissue was discovered to possess distinct distribution patterns in different developmental zones, suggesting that N-glycosylation is regulated in a developmental stage-dependent manner. 27346875 2 9 theme life 283:286 arg1 cycle 288:292 the life cycle 279:292 the life cycle of plants 279:302 However, visualization of plant glycans remains underdeveloped, despite that glycosylation is essential for the life cycle of plants. 27346875 7 10 theme glycan 950:955 arg1 labeling 957:964 metabolic glycan labeling 940:964 metabolic glycan labeling 940:964 This work shows the utility of metabolic glycan labeling in elucidating the function of N-linked glycosylation in plants. 27346875 6 11 gly N-glycosylation 695:709 arg1 tissue 723:728 the root tissue 714:728 the root tissue 714:728 N-glycosylation in the root tissue was discovered to possess distinct distribution patterns in different developmental zones, suggesting that N-glycosylation is regulated in a developmental stage-dependent manner. 27346875 6 12 theme distinct 756:763 arg1 patterns 778:785 distinct distribution patterns 756:785 distinct distribution patterns in different developmental zones 756:818 N-glycosylation in the root tissue was discovered to possess distinct distribution patterns in different developmental zones, suggesting that N-glycosylation is regulated in a developmental stage-dependent manner. 27346875 3 13 theme Arabidopsis 334:344 arg1 thaliana 346:353 Arabidopsis thaliana 334:353 Arabidopsis thaliana 334:353 Metabolic glycan labeling in Arabidopsis thaliana by using N-azidoacetylglucosamine (GlcNAz) as the chemical reporter is reported. 27346875 4 14 link N-linked 540:547 arg1 glycans 549:555 N-linked glycans 540:555 N-linked glycans 540:555 GlcNAz is metabolized through the salvage pathway of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and incorporated into N-linked glycans, and possibly intracellular O-GlcNAc. 27346875 1 15 theme past 157:160 arg1 decades 162:168 the past decades 153:168 the past decades 153:168 Molecular imaging of glycans has been actively pursued in animal systems for the past decades. 27346875 4 16 theme N-acetylglucosamine 489:507 arg1 pathway 478:484 the salvage pathway 466:484 the salvage pathway of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) 466:516 GlcNAz is metabolized through the salvage pathway of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and incorporated into N-linked glycans, and possibly intracellular O-GlcNAc. 27346875 0 17 theme N-Linked 34:41 arg1 Glycans 43:49 N-Linked Glycans 34:49 N-Linked Glycans 34:49 Metabolic Labeling and Imaging of N-Linked Glycans in Arabidopsis Thaliana. 27346875 1 18 theme Molecular 76:84 arg1 imaging 86:92 Molecular imaging 76:92 Molecular imaging of glycans 76:103 Molecular imaging of glycans has been actively pursued in animal systems for the past decades. 27346875 5 19 link N-linked 677:684 arg1 glycans 686:692 newly synthesized N-linked glycans 659:692 newly synthesized N-linked glycans 659:692 Click-labeling with fluorescent probes enables visualization of newly synthesized N-linked glycans. 27346875 2 20 gly glycosylation 248:260 arg1 life 283:286 the life cycle 279:292 the life cycle of plants 279:302 However, visualization of plant glycans remains underdeveloped, despite that glycosylation is essential for the life cycle of plants. 27346875 2 20 gly glycosylation 248:260 arg1 plants 297:302 plants 297:302 plants 297:302 However, visualization of plant glycans remains underdeveloped, despite that glycosylation is essential for the life cycle of plants. 27346875 5 21 theme synthesized 665:675 arg1 glycans 686:692 newly synthesized N-linked glycans 659:692 newly synthesized N-linked glycans 659:692 Click-labeling with fluorescent probes enables visualization of newly synthesized N-linked glycans. 27346875 7 22 theme glycosylation 1006:1018 arg1 function 985:992 the function 981:992 the function of N-linked glycosylation in plants 981:1028 This work shows the utility of metabolic glycan labeling in elucidating the function of N-linked glycosylation in plants. 27346875 4 23 theme salvage 470:476 arg1 pathway 478:484 the salvage pathway 466:484 the salvage pathway of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) 466:516 GlcNAz is metabolized through the salvage pathway of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and incorporated into N-linked glycans, and possibly intracellular O-GlcNAc. 27346875 0 24 theme Metabolic 0:8 arg1 Labeling 10:17 Metabolic Labeling 0:17 Metabolic Labeling 0:17 Metabolic Labeling and Imaging of N-Linked Glycans in Arabidopsis Thaliana. 27346875 5 25 with Click-labeling 595:608 arg1 probes 627:632 fluorescent probes 615:632 fluorescent probes 615:632 Click-labeling with fluorescent probes enables visualization of newly synthesized N-linked glycans. 27346875 5 26 theme N-linked 677:684 arg1 glycans 686:692 newly synthesized N-linked glycans 659:692 newly synthesized N-linked glycans 659:692 Click-labeling with fluorescent probes enables visualization of newly synthesized N-linked glycans. 27346875 7 27 theme N-linked 997:1004 arg1 glycosylation 1006:1018 N-linked glycosylation 997:1018 N-linked glycosylation 997:1018 This work shows the utility of metabolic glycan labeling in elucidating the function of N-linked glycosylation in plants. 27346875 2 28 theme plants 297:302 arg1 cycle 288:292 the life cycle 279:292 the life cycle of plants 279:302 However, visualization of plant glycans remains underdeveloped, despite that glycosylation is essential for the life cycle of plants. 27346875 6 29 from N-glycosylation 695:709 arg1 tissue 723:728 the root tissue 714:728 the root tissue 714:728 N-glycosylation in the root tissue was discovered to possess distinct distribution patterns in different developmental zones, suggesting that N-glycosylation is regulated in a developmental stage-dependent manner. 27346875 1 30 theme glycans 97:103 arg1 imaging 86:92 Molecular imaging 76:92 Molecular imaging of glycans 76:103 Molecular imaging of glycans has been actively pursued in animal systems for the past decades. 27346875 6 31 theme stage-dependent 885:899 arg1 manner 901:906 a developmental stage-dependent manner 869:906 a developmental stage-dependent manner 869:906 N-glycosylation in the root tissue was discovered to possess distinct distribution patterns in different developmental zones, suggesting that N-glycosylation is regulated in a developmental stage-dependent manner. 27346875 4 32 theme intracellular 571:583 arg1 O-GlcNAc 585:592 intracellular O-GlcNAc 571:592 intracellular O-GlcNAc 571:592 GlcNAz is metabolized through the salvage pathway of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and incorporated into N-linked glycans, and possibly intracellular O-GlcNAc. 27346875 6 33 theme root 718:721 arg1 tissue 723:728 the root tissue 714:728 the root tissue 714:728 N-glycosylation in the root tissue was discovered to possess distinct distribution patterns in different developmental zones, suggesting that N-glycosylation is regulated in a developmental stage-dependent manner. 27346875 6 34 from patterns 778:785 arg1 zones 814:818 different developmental zones 790:818 different developmental zones 790:818 N-glycosylation in the root tissue was discovered to possess distinct distribution patterns in different developmental zones, suggesting that N-glycosylation is regulated in a developmental stage-dependent manner. 27346875 3 35 theme chemical 405:412 arg1 N-azidoacetylglucosamine 364:387 N-azidoacetylglucosamine 364:387 N-azidoacetylglucosamine (GlcNAz) 364:396 Metabolic glycan labeling in Arabidopsis thaliana by using N-azidoacetylglucosamine (GlcNAz) as the chemical reporter is reported. 27346875 3 35 theme chemical 405:412 arg1 reporter 414:421 the chemical reporter 401:421 the chemical reporter 401:421 Metabolic glycan labeling in Arabidopsis thaliana by using N-azidoacetylglucosamine (GlcNAz) as the chemical reporter is reported. 27346875 6 36 gly N-glycosylation 837:851 arg1 manner 901:906 a developmental stage-dependent manner 869:906 a developmental stage-dependent manner 869:906 N-glycosylation in the root tissue was discovered to possess distinct distribution patterns in different developmental zones, suggesting that N-glycosylation is regulated in a developmental stage-dependent manner. 27346875 0 37 theme Glycans 43:49 arg1 Imaging 23:29 Imaging 23:29 Imaging 23:29 Metabolic Labeling and Imaging of N-Linked Glycans in Arabidopsis Thaliana. 27346875 0 37 theme Glycans 43:49 arg1 Labeling 10:17 Metabolic Labeling 0:17 Metabolic Labeling 0:17 Metabolic Labeling and Imaging of N-Linked Glycans in Arabidopsis Thaliana. 27346875 2 38 theme plant 197:201 arg1 glycans 203:209 plant glycans 197:209 plant glycans 197:209 However, visualization of plant glycans remains underdeveloped, despite that glycosylation is essential for the life cycle of plants. 27346875 2 39 theme glycans 203:209 arg1 visualization 180:192 visualization 180:192 visualization of plant glycans 180:209 However, visualization of plant glycans remains underdeveloped, despite that glycosylation is essential for the life cycle of plants. 27346875 4 40 theme N-linked 540:547 arg1 glycans 549:555 N-linked glycans 540:555 N-linked glycans 540:555 GlcNAz is metabolized through the salvage pathway of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and incorporated into N-linked glycans, and possibly intracellular O-GlcNAc. 27346875 6 41 theme developmental 800:812 arg1 zones 814:818 different developmental zones 790:818 different developmental zones 790:818 N-glycosylation in the root tissue was discovered to possess distinct distribution patterns in different developmental zones, suggesting that N-glycosylation is regulated in a developmental stage-dependent manner. 27346875 7 42 from function 985:992 arg1 plants 1023:1028 plants 1023:1028 plants 1023:1028 This work shows the utility of metabolic glycan labeling in elucidating the function of N-linked glycosylation in plants. 27346875 7 43 link N-linked 997:1004 arg1 glycosylation 1006:1018 N-linked glycosylation 997:1018 N-linked glycosylation 997:1018 This work shows the utility of metabolic glycan labeling in elucidating the function of N-linked glycosylation in plants. 27346875 3 44 from labeling 322:329 arg1 thaliana 346:353 Arabidopsis thaliana 334:353 Arabidopsis thaliana 334:353 Metabolic glycan labeling in Arabidopsis thaliana by using N-azidoacetylglucosamine (GlcNAz) as the chemical reporter is reported. 27346875 6 45 theme different 790:798 arg1 zones 814:818 different developmental zones 790:818 different developmental zones 790:818 N-glycosylation in the root tissue was discovered to possess distinct distribution patterns in different developmental zones, suggesting that N-glycosylation is regulated in a developmental stage-dependent manner. 27346875 1 46 theme animal 134:139 arg1 systems 141:147 animal systems 134:147 animal systems for the past decades 134:168 Molecular imaging of glycans has been actively pursued in animal systems for the past decades. 27346875 0 47 theme Arabidopsis 54:64 arg1 Thaliana 66:73 Arabidopsis Thaliana 54:73 Arabidopsis Thaliana 54:73 Metabolic Labeling and Imaging of N-Linked Glycans in Arabidopsis Thaliana. 27346875 0 48 from Imaging 23:29 arg1 Thaliana 66:73 Arabidopsis Thaliana 54:73 Arabidopsis Thaliana 54:73 Metabolic Labeling and Imaging of N-Linked Glycans in Arabidopsis Thaliana. 27346875 7 49 theme labeling 957:964 arg1 utility 929:935 the utility 925:935 the utility of metabolic glycan labeling in elucidating the function of N-linked glycosylation in plants 925:1028 This work shows the utility of metabolic glycan labeling in elucidating the function of N-linked glycosylation in plants. 29178741 0 0 theme cement 65:70 arg1 surface 38:44 the surface 34:44 the surface of a glass-ionomer cement associated with different concentrations of chlorhexidine diacetate 34:138 Analysis of the biofilm formed on the surface of a glass-ionomer cement associated with different concentrations of chlorhexidine diacetate. 29178741 9 1 theme Microorganism 1203:1215 arg1 counts 1217:1222 RESULTS Microorganism counts 1195:1222 RESULTS Microorganism counts 1195:1222 RESULTS Microorganism counts showed statistically significant differences among groups only for Lactobacillus (P< 0.05), that were significantly higher for group GIC+CHX 2% compared with GIC and GIC+CHX 0.5%. 29178741 7 2 theme repeated 1059:1066 arg1 measures 1068:1075 repeated measures 1059:1075 repeated measures 1059:1075 Microbiologic data were analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey tests, and the total polysaccharide content by Friedman and Dunn's tests. 29178741 1 3 theme cross-over 154:163 arg1 experiment 173:182 This cross-over in situ experiment 149:182 This cross-over in situ experiment 149:182 PURPOSE This cross-over in situ experiment evaluated the microbial composition and quantified the total polysaccharides in the biofilm formed on the surface of a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. 29178741 10 4 from concentration 1417:1429 arg1 biofilm 1463:1469 the biofilm 1459:1469 the biofilm 1459:1469 However, the concentration of total polysaccharides in the biofilm was lower for groups containing 1% and 2% of CHX. 29178741 0 5 theme glass-ionomer 51:63 arg1 cement 65:70 a glass-ionomer cement 49:70 a glass-ionomer cement associated with different concentrations of chlorhexidine diacetate 49:138 Analysis of the biofilm formed on the surface of a glass-ionomer cement associated with different concentrations of chlorhexidine diacetate. 29178741 2 6 used used 444:447 arg2 GIC 424:426 GIC 424:426 GIC without CHX 424:438 GIC without CHX was used as control. 29178741 2 6 used used 444:447 arg2 control 452:458 control 452:458 control 452:458 GIC without CHX was used as control. 29178741 1 7 theme in 165:166 arg1 experiment 173:182 This cross-over in situ experiment 149:182 This cross-over in situ experiment 149:182 PURPOSE This cross-over in situ experiment evaluated the microbial composition and quantified the total polysaccharides in the biofilm formed on the surface of a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. 29178741 11 8 theme density 1676:1682 arg1 reduction 1655:1663 reduction 1655:1663 reduction of biofilm density 1655:1682 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The addition of chlorhexidine in the studied concentrations did not reduce the microorganism counts, but caused reduction of biofilm density. 29178741 11 9 theme CLINICAL 1521:1528 arg1 SIGNIFICANCE 1530:1541 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE 1521:1541 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The addition of chlorhexidine in the studied concentrations 1521:1601 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The addition of chlorhexidine in the studied concentrations did not reduce the microorganism counts, but caused reduction of biofilm density. 29178741 1 10 theme % 414:414 arg1 concentrations 389:402 concentrations 389:402 concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2% 389:421 PURPOSE This cross-over in situ experiment evaluated the microbial composition and quantified the total polysaccharides in the biofilm formed on the surface of a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. 29178741 9 11 theme group 1351:1355 arg1 % 1366:1366 group GIC+CHX 2% 1351:1366 group GIC+CHX 2% 1351:1366 RESULTS Microorganism counts showed statistically significant differences among groups only for Lactobacillus (P< 0.05), that were significantly higher for group GIC+CHX 2% compared with GIC and GIC+CHX 0.5%. 29178741 11 12 theme chlorhexidine 1559:1571 arg1 addition 1547:1554 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The addition 1521:1554 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The addition of chlorhexidine in the studied concentrations 1521:1601 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The addition of chlorhexidine in the studied concentrations did not reduce the microorganism counts, but caused reduction of biofilm density. 29178741 4 13 theme concentration 665:677 arg1 order 652:656 An increasing order 638:656 An increasing order of CHX concentration 638:677 An increasing order of CHX concentration and a 15-day washout period between each concentration was adopted. 29178741 4 13 theme concentration 665:677 arg1 period 700:705 a 15-day washout period 683:705 a 15-day washout period between each concentration 683:732 An increasing order of CHX concentration and a 15-day washout period between each concentration was adopted. 29178741 9 14 theme GIC+CHX 1357:1363 arg1 % 1366:1366 group GIC+CHX 2% 1351:1366 group GIC+CHX 2% 1351:1366 RESULTS Microorganism counts showed statistically significant differences among groups only for Lactobacillus (P< 0.05), that were significantly higher for group GIC+CHX 2% compared with GIC and GIC+CHX 0.5%. 29178741 1 15 theme chlorhexidine 356:368 arg1 CHX 381:383 CHX 381:383 CHX 381:383 PURPOSE This cross-over in situ experiment evaluated the microbial composition and quantified the total polysaccharides in the biofilm formed on the surface of a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. 29178741 1 15 theme chlorhexidine 356:368 arg1 diacetate 370:378 chlorhexidine diacetate 356:378 chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) 356:384 PURPOSE This cross-over in situ experiment evaluated the microbial composition and quantified the total polysaccharides in the biofilm formed on the surface of a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. 29178741 4 16 theme 15-day 685:690 arg1 period 700:705 a 15-day washout period 683:705 a 15-day washout period between each concentration 683:732 An increasing order of CHX concentration and a 15-day washout period between each concentration was adopted. 29178741 0 17 theme different 88:96 arg1 concentrations 98:111 different concentrations 88:111 different concentrations of chlorhexidine diacetate 88:138 Analysis of the biofilm formed on the surface of a glass-ionomer cement associated with different concentrations of chlorhexidine diacetate. 29178741 3 18 theme same 623:626 arg1 material 628:635 the same material 619:635 the same material 619:635 METHODS The volunteers (n= 8) tested each material for a 7-day period, by using a palatal acrylic device containing four round specimens, all fabricated with the same material. 29178741 11 19 theme biofilm 1668:1674 arg1 density 1676:1682 biofilm density 1668:1682 biofilm density 1668:1682 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The addition of chlorhexidine in the studied concentrations did not reduce the microorganism counts, but caused reduction of biofilm density. 29178741 1 20 theme % 421:421 arg1 concentrations 389:402 concentrations 389:402 concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2% 389:421 PURPOSE This cross-over in situ experiment evaluated the microbial composition and quantified the total polysaccharides in the biofilm formed on the surface of a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. 29178741 8 21 theme Significance 1161:1172 arg1 level 1174:1178 Significance level 1161:1178 Significance level 1161:1178 Significance level was set at 5%. 29178741 7 22 theme total 1102:1106 arg1 content 1123:1129 the total polysaccharide content 1098:1129 the total polysaccharide content 1098:1129 Microbiologic data were analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey tests, and the total polysaccharide content by Friedman and Dunn's tests. 29178741 10 23 theme polysaccharides 1440:1454 arg1 concentration 1417:1429 the concentration 1413:1429 the concentration of total polysaccharides in the biofilm 1413:1469 However, the concentration of total polysaccharides in the biofilm was lower for groups containing 1% and 2% of CHX. 29178741 10 23 theme polysaccharides 1440:1454 arg1 lower 1475:1479 lower 1475:1479 lower 1475:1479 However, the concentration of total polysaccharides in the biofilm was lower for groups containing 1% and 2% of CHX. 29178741 9 24 theme significant 1245:1255 arg1 differences 1257:1267 statistically significant differences 1231:1267 statistically significant differences among groups 1231:1280 RESULTS Microorganism counts showed statistically significant differences among groups only for Lactobacillus (P< 0.05), that were significantly higher for group GIC+CHX 2% compared with GIC and GIC+CHX 0.5%. 29178741 7 25 theme polysaccharide 1108:1121 arg1 content 1123:1129 the total polysaccharide content 1098:1129 the total polysaccharide content 1098:1129 Microbiologic data were analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey tests, and the total polysaccharide content by Friedman and Dunn's tests. 29178741 1 26 dep in 165:166 arg1 situ 168:171 situ 168:171 situ 168:171 PURPOSE This cross-over in situ experiment evaluated the microbial composition and quantified the total polysaccharides in the biofilm formed on the surface of a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. 29178741 6 27 theme phenol-sulfuric 989:1003 arg1 method 1005:1010 a phenol-sulfuric method 987:1010 a phenol-sulfuric method 987:1010 Total polysaccharides were quantified by using a phenol-sulfuric method. 29178741 0 28 theme biofilm 16:22 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of the biofilm 0:22 Analysis of the biofilm formed on the surface of a glass-ionomer cement associated with different concentrations of chlorhexidine diacetate. 29178741 0 29 theme chlorhexidine 116:128 arg1 diacetate 130:138 chlorhexidine diacetate 116:138 chlorhexidine diacetate 116:138 Analysis of the biofilm formed on the surface of a glass-ionomer cement associated with different concentrations of chlorhexidine diacetate. 29178741 1 30 dep PURPOSE 141:147 arg1 evaluated 184:192 evaluated 184:192 evaluated the microbial composition 184:218 PURPOSE This cross-over in situ experiment evaluated the microbial composition and quantified the total polysaccharides in the biofilm formed on the surface of a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. 29178741 1 30 dep PURPOSE 141:147 arg1 quantified 224:233 quantified 224:233 quantified the total polysaccharides in the biofilm formed on the surface of a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2% 224:421 PURPOSE This cross-over in situ experiment evaluated the microbial composition and quantified the total polysaccharides in the biofilm formed on the surface of a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. 29178741 10 31 contain containing 1492:1501 arg2 CHX 1516:1518 CHX 1516:1518 CHX 1516:1518 However, the concentration of total polysaccharides in the biofilm was lower for groups containing 1% and 2% of CHX. 29178741 10 31 contain containing 1492:1501 arg2 % 1511:1511 2% 1510:1511 2% of CHX 1510:1518 However, the concentration of total polysaccharides in the biofilm was lower for groups containing 1% and 2% of CHX. 29178741 10 31 contain containing 1492:1501 arg2 % 1504:1504 1% 1503:1504 1% 1503:1504 However, the concentration of total polysaccharides in the biofilm was lower for groups containing 1% and 2% of CHX. 29178741 10 31 contain containing 1492:1501 arg1 groups 1485:1490 groups 1485:1490 groups containing 1% and 2% of CHX 1485:1518 However, the concentration of total polysaccharides in the biofilm was lower for groups containing 1% and 2% of CHX. 29178741 1 32 theme microbial 198:206 arg1 composition 208:218 the microbial composition 194:218 the microbial composition 194:218 PURPOSE This cross-over in situ experiment evaluated the microbial composition and quantified the total polysaccharides in the biofilm formed on the surface of a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. 29178741 4 33 theme increasing 641:650 arg1 order 652:656 An increasing order 638:656 An increasing order of CHX concentration 638:677 An increasing order of CHX concentration and a 15-day washout period between each concentration was adopted. 29178741 7 34 theme Microbiologic 1013:1025 arg1 data 1027:1030 Microbiologic data 1013:1030 Microbiologic data 1013:1030 Microbiologic data were analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey tests, and the total polysaccharide content by Friedman and Dunn's tests. 29178741 10 35 theme CHX 1516:1518 arg1 % 1504:1504 1% 1503:1504 1% 1503:1504 However, the concentration of total polysaccharides in the biofilm was lower for groups containing 1% and 2% of CHX. 29178741 10 35 theme CHX 1516:1518 arg1 % 1511:1511 2% 1510:1511 2% of CHX 1510:1518 However, the concentration of total polysaccharides in the biofilm was lower for groups containing 1% and 2% of CHX. 29178741 10 35 theme CHX 1516:1518 arg1 CHX 1516:1518 CHX 1516:1518 CHX 1516:1518 However, the concentration of total polysaccharides in the biofilm was lower for groups containing 1% and 2% of CHX. 29178741 11 36 from addition 1547:1554 arg1 concentrations 1588:1601 the studied concentrations 1576:1601 the studied concentrations 1576:1601 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The addition of chlorhexidine in the studied concentrations did not reduce the microorganism counts, but caused reduction of biofilm density. 29178741 9 37 theme GIC+CHX 1390:1396 arg1 % 1401:1401 GIC+CHX 0.5% 1390:1401 GIC+CHX 0.5% 1390:1401 RESULTS Microorganism counts showed statistically significant differences among groups only for Lactobacillus (P< 0.05), that were significantly higher for group GIC+CHX 2% compared with GIC and GIC+CHX 0.5%. 29178741 3 38 theme 7-day 518:522 arg1 period 524:529 a 7-day period 516:529 a 7-day period 516:529 METHODS The volunteers (n= 8) tested each material for a 7-day period, by using a palatal acrylic device containing four round specimens, all fabricated with the same material. 29178741 3 39 contain containing 566:575 arg1 device 559:564 a palatal acrylic device 541:564 a palatal acrylic device containing four round specimens, all fabricated with the same material 541:635 METHODS The volunteers (n= 8) tested each material for a 7-day period, by using a palatal acrylic device containing four round specimens, all fabricated with the same material. 29178741 3 39 contain containing 566:575 arg2 all 599:601 all 599:601 all 599:601 METHODS The volunteers (n= 8) tested each material for a 7-day period, by using a palatal acrylic device containing four round specimens, all fabricated with the same material. 29178741 3 39 contain containing 566:575 arg2 specimens 588:596 four round specimens 577:596 four round specimens 577:596 METHODS The volunteers (n= 8) tested each material for a 7-day period, by using a palatal acrylic device containing four round specimens, all fabricated with the same material. 29178741 1 40 theme high 303:306 arg1 GIC 340:342 GIC 340:342 GIC 340:342 PURPOSE This cross-over in situ experiment evaluated the microbial composition and quantified the total polysaccharides in the biofilm formed on the surface of a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. 29178741 1 40 theme high 303:306 arg1 cement 332:337 a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement 301:337 a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2% 301:421 PURPOSE This cross-over in situ experiment evaluated the microbial composition and quantified the total polysaccharides in the biofilm formed on the surface of a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. 29178741 0 41 theme diacetate 130:138 arg1 concentrations 98:111 different concentrations 88:111 different concentrations of chlorhexidine diacetate 88:138 Analysis of the biofilm formed on the surface of a glass-ionomer cement associated with different concentrations of chlorhexidine diacetate. 29178741 3 42 theme palatal 543:549 arg1 device 559:564 a palatal acrylic device 541:564 a palatal acrylic device containing four round specimens, all fabricated with the same material 541:635 METHODS The volunteers (n= 8) tested each material for a 7-day period, by using a palatal acrylic device containing four round specimens, all fabricated with the same material. 29178741 4 43 theme CHX 661:663 arg1 concentration 665:677 CHX concentration 661:677 CHX concentration 661:677 An increasing order of CHX concentration and a 15-day washout period between each concentration was adopted. 29178741 1 44 theme viscosity 308:316 arg1 GIC 340:342 GIC 340:342 GIC 340:342 PURPOSE This cross-over in situ experiment evaluated the microbial composition and quantified the total polysaccharides in the biofilm formed on the surface of a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. 29178741 1 44 theme viscosity 308:316 arg1 cement 332:337 a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement 301:337 a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2% 301:421 PURPOSE This cross-over in situ experiment evaluated the microbial composition and quantified the total polysaccharides in the biofilm formed on the surface of a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. 29178741 10 45 theme total 1434:1438 arg1 polysaccharides 1440:1454 total polysaccharides 1434:1454 total polysaccharides 1434:1454 However, the concentration of total polysaccharides in the biofilm was lower for groups containing 1% and 2% of CHX. 29178741 3 46 theme acrylic 551:557 arg1 device 559:564 a palatal acrylic device 541:564 a palatal acrylic device containing four round specimens, all fabricated with the same material 541:635 METHODS The volunteers (n= 8) tested each material for a 7-day period, by using a palatal acrylic device containing four round specimens, all fabricated with the same material. 29178741 5 47 theme total 863:867 arg1 streptococci 869:880 total streptococci 863:880 total streptococci 863:880 The biofilm formed was collected and inoculated in specific culture media and thereafter, the total microorganisms, total streptococci, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp were counted. 29178741 1 48 theme glass-ionomer 318:330 arg1 GIC 340:342 GIC 340:342 GIC 340:342 PURPOSE This cross-over in situ experiment evaluated the microbial composition and quantified the total polysaccharides in the biofilm formed on the surface of a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. 29178741 1 48 theme glass-ionomer 318:330 arg1 cement 332:337 a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement 301:337 a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2% 301:421 PURPOSE This cross-over in situ experiment evaluated the microbial composition and quantified the total polysaccharides in the biofilm formed on the surface of a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. 29178741 11 49 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1530:1541 arg1 addition 1547:1554 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The addition 1521:1554 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The addition of chlorhexidine in the studied concentrations 1521:1601 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The addition of chlorhexidine in the studied concentrations did not reduce the microorganism counts, but caused reduction of biofilm density. 29178741 1 50 theme cement 332:337 arg1 surface 290:296 the surface 286:296 the surface of a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2% 286:421 PURPOSE This cross-over in situ experiment evaluated the microbial composition and quantified the total polysaccharides in the biofilm formed on the surface of a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. 29178741 11 51 theme microorganism 1622:1634 arg1 counts 1636:1641 the microorganism counts 1618:1641 the microorganism counts 1618:1641 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The addition of chlorhexidine in the studied concentrations did not reduce the microorganism counts, but caused reduction of biofilm density. 29178741 7 52 theme Tukey 1081:1085 arg1 tests 1087:1091 Tukey tests 1081:1091 Tukey tests 1081:1091 Microbiologic data were analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey tests, and the total polysaccharide content by Friedman and Dunn's tests. 29178741 3 53 dep METHODS 461:467 arg1 n= 485:486 n= 8 485:488 n= 8 485:488 METHODS The volunteers (n= 8) tested each material for a 7-day period, by using a palatal acrylic device containing four round specimens, all fabricated with the same material. 29178741 3 53 dep METHODS 461:467 arg1 volunteers 473:482 The volunteers 469:482 METHODS The volunteers (n= 8) 461:489 METHODS The volunteers (n= 8) tested each material for a 7-day period, by using a palatal acrylic device containing four round specimens, all fabricated with the same material. 29178741 1 54 theme % 410:410 arg1 concentrations 389:402 concentrations 389:402 concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2% 389:421 PURPOSE This cross-over in situ experiment evaluated the microbial composition and quantified the total polysaccharides in the biofilm formed on the surface of a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. 29178741 4 55 theme washout 692:698 arg1 period 700:705 a 15-day washout period 683:705 a 15-day washout period between each concentration 683:732 An increasing order of CHX concentration and a 15-day washout period between each concentration was adopted. 29178741 5 56 theme total 841:845 arg1 microorganisms 847:860 the total microorganisms 837:860 the total microorganisms 837:860 The biofilm formed was collected and inoculated in specific culture media and thereafter, the total microorganisms, total streptococci, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp were counted. 29178741 1 57 theme total 239:243 arg1 polysaccharides 245:259 the total polysaccharides 235:259 the total polysaccharides 235:259 PURPOSE This cross-over in situ experiment evaluated the microbial composition and quantified the total polysaccharides in the biofilm formed on the surface of a high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) mixed with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. 29178741 3 58 theme round 582:586 arg1 all 599:601 all 599:601 all 599:601 METHODS The volunteers (n= 8) tested each material for a 7-day period, by using a palatal acrylic device containing four round specimens, all fabricated with the same material. 29178741 3 58 theme round 582:586 arg1 specimens 588:596 four round specimens 577:596 four round specimens 577:596 METHODS The volunteers (n= 8) tested each material for a 7-day period, by using a palatal acrylic device containing four round specimens, all fabricated with the same material. 29178741 5 59 theme specific 798:805 arg1 media 815:819 specific culture media 798:819 specific culture media 798:819 The biofilm formed was collected and inoculated in specific culture media and thereafter, the total microorganisms, total streptococci, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp were counted. 29178741 6 60 theme Total 940:944 arg1 polysaccharides 946:960 Total polysaccharides 940:960 Total polysaccharides 940:960 Total polysaccharides were quantified by using a phenol-sulfuric method. 29178741 9 61 theme RESULTS 1195:1201 arg1 counts 1217:1222 RESULTS Microorganism counts 1195:1222 RESULTS Microorganism counts 1195:1222 RESULTS Microorganism counts showed statistically significant differences among groups only for Lactobacillus (P< 0.05), that were significantly higher for group GIC+CHX 2% compared with GIC and GIC+CHX 0.5%. 29178741 5 62 theme culture 807:813 arg1 media 815:819 specific culture media 798:819 specific culture media 798:819 The biofilm formed was collected and inoculated in specific culture media and thereafter, the total microorganisms, total streptococci, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp were counted. 29178741 11 63 theme studied 1580:1586 arg1 concentrations 1588:1601 the studied concentrations 1576:1601 the studied concentrations 1576:1601 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The addition of chlorhexidine in the studied concentrations did not reduce the microorganism counts, but caused reduction of biofilm density. 28530825 5 0 theme quadrupole 726:735 arg1 spectrometry 769:780 quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 726:780 quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) 726:791 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 0 theme quadrupole 726:735 arg1 Q-ICP-MS 783:790 Q-ICP-MS 783:790 Q-ICP-MS 783:790 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 7 1 theme Mg 1022:1023 arg1 concentrations 1004:1017 significantly higher concentrations 983:1017 significantly higher concentrations of Mg, V, Co, Ni, and Sr. 983:1043 Wood aging resulted in significantly higher concentrations of Mg, V, Co, Ni, and Sr. 28530825 6 2 from effect 919:924 arg1 IR 932:933 Sr IR 929:933 Sr IR 929:933 Two-way ANOVA was applied to assess wood aging and time effect on Sr IR and mineral composition. 28530825 6 2 from effect 919:924 arg1 composition 947:957 mineral composition 939:957 mineral composition 939:957 Two-way ANOVA was applied to assess wood aging and time effect on Sr IR and mineral composition. 28530825 1 3 theme ratio 144:148 arg1 IR 164:165 Sr IR 161:165 Sr IR 161:165 The evolution of mineral composition and wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr (Sr IR) during wood aging were investigated. 28530825 1 3 theme ratio 144:148 arg1 87Sr/86Sr 150:158 wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr 120:158 wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr (Sr IR) 120:166 The evolution of mineral composition and wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr (Sr IR) during wood aging were investigated. 28530825 5 4 theme atomic 824:829 arg1 FAAS 856:859 FAAS 856:859 FAAS 856:859 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 4 theme atomic 824:829 arg1 spectrometry 842:853 flame atomic absorption spectrometry 818:853 flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) 818:860 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 4 5 theme total 487:491 arg1 polysaccharides 493:507 total polysaccharides 487:507 total polysaccharides 487:507 Sampling was carried out after 30, 60, and 90 days of aging, and the wines were evaluated in terms of general analysis, phenolic composition, total polysaccharides, multielement composition, and Sr IR. 28530825 0 6 theme Isotopic 63:70 arg1 Ratio 72:76 87Sr/86Sr Isotopic Ratio 53:76 87Sr/86Sr Isotopic Ratio 53:76 Effect of Wood Aging on Wine Mineral Composition and 87Sr/86Sr Isotopic Ratio. 28530825 7 7 theme V 1026:1026 arg1 concentrations 1004:1017 significantly higher concentrations 983:1017 significantly higher concentrations of Mg, V, Co, Ni, and Sr. 983:1043 Wood aging resulted in significantly higher concentrations of Mg, V, Co, Ni, and Sr. 28530825 9 8 theme wood 1163:1166 arg1 aging 1168:1172 wood aging 1163:1172 wood aging 1163:1172 Study suggests that wood aging does not affect 87Sr/86Sr, not precluding the use of this parameter for wine traceability purposes. 28530825 1 9 theme 87Sr/86Sr 150:158 arg1 evolution 83:91 The evolution 79:91 The evolution of mineral composition and wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr (Sr IR) during wood aging 79:184 The evolution of mineral composition and wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr (Sr IR) during wood aging were investigated. 28530825 5 10 theme absorption 831:840 arg1 FAAS 856:859 FAAS 856:859 FAAS 856:859 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 10 theme absorption 831:840 arg1 spectrometry 842:853 flame atomic absorption spectrometry 818:853 flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) 818:860 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 11 dep Tl 673:674 arg1 Cs 629:630 As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl 602:674 Cs 629:630 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 11 dep Tl 673:674 arg1 Ho 657:658 Ho 657:658 Ho 657:658 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 11 dep Tl 673:674 arg1 Rb 606:607 As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl 602:674 Rb 606:607 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 11 dep Tl 673:674 arg1 Ba 633:634 As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl 602:674 Ba 633:634 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 11 dep Tl 673:674 arg1 Sm 645:646 As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl 602:674 Sm 645:646 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 11 dep Tl 673:674 arg1 Sr 610:611 As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl 602:674 Sr 610:611 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 11 dep Tl 673:674 arg1 Mo 621:622 As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl 602:674 Mo 621:622 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 11 dep Tl 673:674 arg1 Eu 649:650 As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl 602:674 Eu 649:650 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 11 dep Tl 673:674 arg1 Er 661:662 As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl 602:674 Er 661:662 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 11 dep Tl 673:674 arg1 Sb 625:626 As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl 602:674 Sb 625:626 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 11 dep Tl 673:674 arg1 Pr 637:638 As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl 602:674 Pr 637:638 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 11 dep Tl 673:674 arg1 Yb 665:666 As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl 602:674 Yb 665:666 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 11 dep Tl 673:674 arg1 Y 614:614 As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl 602:674 Y 614:614 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 11 dep Tl 673:674 arg1 Nd 641:642 As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl 602:674 Nd 641:642 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 11 dep Tl 673:674 arg1 Dy 653:654 As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl 602:674 Dy 653:654 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 11 dep Tl 673:674 arg1 Lu 669:670 Lu 669:670 Lu 669:670 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 11 dep Tl 673:674 arg1 Zr 617:618 As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl 602:674 Zr 617:618 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 0 12 from Effect 0:5 arg1 Ratio 72:76 87Sr/86Sr Isotopic Ratio 53:76 87Sr/86Sr Isotopic Ratio 53:76 Effect of Wood Aging on Wine Mineral Composition and 87Sr/86Sr Isotopic Ratio. 28530825 0 12 from Effect 0:5 arg1 Composition 37:47 Wine Mineral Composition 24:47 Wine Mineral Composition 24:47 Effect of Wood Aging on Wine Mineral Composition and 87Sr/86Sr Isotopic Ratio. 28530825 4 13 theme aging 399:403 arg1 days 391:394 30, 60, and 90 days 376:394 30, 60, and 90 days of aging 376:403 Sampling was carried out after 30, 60, and 90 days of aging, and the wines were evaluated in terms of general analysis, phenolic composition, total polysaccharides, multielement composition, and Sr IR. 28530825 5 14 dep Ge 598:599 arg1 Ga 594:595 Ga 594:595 Ga 594:595 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 14 dep Ge 598:599 arg1 Zn 590:591 Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge 578:599 Zn 590:591 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 14 dep Ge 598:599 arg1 Cu 586:587 Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge 578:599 Cu 586:587 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 7 15 theme higher 997:1002 arg1 concentrations 1004:1017 significantly higher concentrations 983:1017 significantly higher concentrations of Mg, V, Co, Ni, and Sr. 983:1043 Wood aging resulted in significantly higher concentrations of Mg, V, Co, Ni, and Sr. 28530825 4 16 theme polysaccharides 493:507 arg1 terms 438:442 terms 438:442 terms of general analysis, phenolic composition, total polysaccharides, multielement composition, and Sr IR 438:544 Sampling was carried out after 30, 60, and 90 days of aging, and the wines were evaluated in terms of general analysis, phenolic composition, total polysaccharides, multielement composition, and Sr IR. 28530825 6 17 theme time 914:917 arg1 effect 919:924 wood aging and time effect 899:924 effect 919:924 Two-way ANOVA was applied to assess wood aging and time effect on Sr IR and mineral composition. 28530825 4 18 theme Sr 540:541 arg1 IR 543:544 Sr IR 540:544 Sr IR 540:544 Sampling was carried out after 30, 60, and 90 days of aging, and the wines were evaluated in terms of general analysis, phenolic composition, total polysaccharides, multielement composition, and Sr IR. 28530825 2 19 theme steel 238:242 arg1 tanks 244:248 stainless steel tanks 228:248 stainless steel tanks 228:248 A red wine was aged in stainless steel tanks with French oak staves (Quercus sessiliflora Salisb.) 28530825 9 20 dep affect 1183:1188 arg1 precluding 1205:1214 precluding 1205:1214 not precluding the use of this parameter for wine traceability purposes 1201:1271 Study suggests that wood aging does not affect 87Sr/86Sr, not precluding the use of this parameter for wine traceability purposes. 28530825 6 21 from aging 904:908 arg1 IR 932:933 Sr IR 929:933 Sr IR 929:933 Two-way ANOVA was applied to assess wood aging and time effect on Sr IR and mineral composition. 28530825 6 21 from aging 904:908 arg1 composition 947:957 mineral composition 939:957 mineral composition 939:957 Two-way ANOVA was applied to assess wood aging and time effect on Sr IR and mineral composition. 28530825 2 22 theme stainless 228:236 arg1 tanks 244:248 stainless steel tanks 228:248 stainless steel tanks 228:248 A red wine was aged in stainless steel tanks with French oak staves (Quercus sessiliflora Salisb.) 28530825 1 23 theme Sr 161:162 arg1 IR 164:165 Sr IR 161:165 Sr IR 161:165 The evolution of mineral composition and wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr (Sr IR) during wood aging were investigated. 28530825 1 23 theme Sr 161:162 arg1 87Sr/86Sr 150:158 wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr 120:158 wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr (Sr IR) 120:166 The evolution of mineral composition and wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr (Sr IR) during wood aging were investigated. 28530825 6 24 theme Sr 929:930 arg1 IR 932:933 Sr IR 929:933 Sr IR 929:933 Two-way ANOVA was applied to assess wood aging and time effect on Sr IR and mineral composition. 28530825 8 25 theme identical 1106:1114 arg1 IR 1119:1120 statistically identical Sr IR 1092:1120 statistically identical Sr IR 1092:1120 At the end of the aging period, wine exhibited statistically identical Sr IR compared to control. 28530825 6 26 theme mineral 939:945 arg1 composition 947:957 mineral composition 939:957 mineral composition 939:957 Two-way ANOVA was applied to assess wood aging and time effect on Sr IR and mineral composition. 28530825 7 27 theme Wood 960:963 arg1 aging 965:969 Wood aging 960:969 Wood aging 960:969 Wood aging resulted in significantly higher concentrations of Mg, V, Co, Ni, and Sr. 28530825 5 28 dep Mg 555:556 arg1 FAAS 856:859 FAAS 856:859 FAAS 856:859 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 28 dep Mg 555:556 arg1 spectrometry 842:853 flame atomic absorption spectrometry 818:853 flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) 818:860 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 28 dep Mg 555:556 arg1 Al 559:560 Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe 555:813 Al 559:560 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 8 29 theme aging 1063:1067 arg1 period 1069:1074 the aging period 1059:1074 the aging period 1059:1074 At the end of the aging period, wine exhibited statistically identical Sr IR compared to control. 28530825 9 30 theme wine 1246:1249 arg1 purposes 1264:1271 wine traceability purposes 1246:1271 wine traceability purposes 1246:1271 Study suggests that wood aging does not affect 87Sr/86Sr, not precluding the use of this parameter for wine traceability purposes. 28530825 2 31 dep aged 220:223 arg1 Salisb 295:300 Salisb 295:300 Salisb 295:300 A red wine was aged in stainless steel tanks with French oak staves (Quercus sessiliflora Salisb.) 28530825 2 31 dep aged 220:223 arg1 aged 220:223 aged 220:223 aged 220:223 A red wine was aged in stainless steel tanks with French oak staves (Quercus sessiliflora Salisb.) 28530825 2 31 dep aged 220:223 arg1 wine 211:214 A red wine 205:214 A red wine 205:214 A red wine was aged in stainless steel tanks with French oak staves (Quercus sessiliflora Salisb.) 28530825 0 32 theme Aging 15:19 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of Wood Aging on Wine Mineral Composition and 87Sr/86Sr Isotopic Ratio. 0:77 Effect of Wood Aging on Wine Mineral Composition and 87Sr/86Sr Isotopic Ratio. 28530825 4 33 theme analysis 455:462 arg1 terms 438:442 terms 438:442 terms of general analysis, phenolic composition, total polysaccharides, multielement composition, and Sr IR 438:544 Sampling was carried out after 30, 60, and 90 days of aging, and the wines were evaluated in terms of general analysis, phenolic composition, total polysaccharides, multielement composition, and Sr IR. 28530825 2 34 theme oak 262:264 arg1 staves 266:271 French oak staves 255:271 French oak staves 255:271 A red wine was aged in stainless steel tanks with French oak staves (Quercus sessiliflora Salisb.) 28530825 4 35 theme IR 543:544 arg1 terms 438:442 terms 438:442 terms of general analysis, phenolic composition, total polysaccharides, multielement composition, and Sr IR 438:544 Sampling was carried out after 30, 60, and 90 days of aging, and the wines were evaluated in terms of general analysis, phenolic composition, total polysaccharides, multielement composition, and Sr IR. 28530825 0 36 theme Wood 10:13 arg1 Aging 15:19 Wood Aging 10:19 Wood Aging 10:19 Effect of Wood Aging on Wine Mineral Composition and 87Sr/86Sr Isotopic Ratio. 28530825 4 37 theme composition 474:484 arg1 terms 438:442 terms 438:442 terms of general analysis, phenolic composition, total polysaccharides, multielement composition, and Sr IR 438:544 Sampling was carried out after 30, 60, and 90 days of aging, and the wines were evaluated in terms of general analysis, phenolic composition, total polysaccharides, multielement composition, and Sr IR. 28530825 6 38 theme wood 899:902 arg1 aging 904:908 wood aging and time effect 899:924 aging 904:908 Two-way ANOVA was applied to assess wood aging and time effect on Sr IR and mineral composition. 28530825 2 39 theme French 255:260 arg1 staves 266:271 French oak staves 255:271 French oak staves 255:271 A red wine was aged in stainless steel tanks with French oak staves (Quercus sessiliflora Salisb.) 28530825 1 40 theme wood 175:178 arg1 aging 180:184 wood aging 175:184 wood aging 175:184 The evolution of mineral composition and wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr (Sr IR) during wood aging were investigated. 28530825 0 41 theme Wine 24:27 arg1 Composition 37:47 Wine Mineral Composition 24:47 Wine Mineral Composition 24:47 Effect of Wood Aging on Wine Mineral Composition and 87Sr/86Sr Isotopic Ratio. 28530825 4 42 theme phenolic 465:472 arg1 composition 474:484 phenolic composition 465:484 phenolic composition 465:484 Sampling was carried out after 30, 60, and 90 days of aging, and the wines were evaluated in terms of general analysis, phenolic composition, total polysaccharides, multielement composition, and Sr IR. 28530825 2 43 theme red 207:209 arg1 Salisb 295:300 Salisb 295:300 Salisb 295:300 A red wine was aged in stainless steel tanks with French oak staves (Quercus sessiliflora Salisb.) 28530825 2 43 theme red 207:209 arg1 aged 220:223 aged 220:223 aged 220:223 A red wine was aged in stainless steel tanks with French oak staves (Quercus sessiliflora Salisb.) 28530825 2 43 theme red 207:209 arg1 wine 211:214 A red wine 205:214 A red wine 205:214 A red wine was aged in stainless steel tanks with French oak staves (Quercus sessiliflora Salisb.) 28530825 2 44 from aged 220:223 arg1 tanks 244:248 stainless steel tanks 228:248 stainless steel tanks 228:248 A red wine was aged in stainless steel tanks with French oak staves (Quercus sessiliflora Salisb.) 28530825 5 45 theme plasma 757:762 arg1 spectrometry 769:780 quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 726:780 quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) 726:791 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 45 theme plasma 757:762 arg1 Q-ICP-MS 783:790 Q-ICP-MS 783:790 Q-ICP-MS 783:790 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 46 theme Pb 681:682 arg1 elements 684:691 Pb elements 681:691 Pb elements 681:691 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 3 47 theme industrial 316:325 arg1 scale 327:331 three industrial scale 310:331 three industrial scale 310:331 , with three industrial scale replicates. 28530825 5 48 theme mass 764:767 arg1 spectrometry 769:780 quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 726:780 quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) 726:791 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 48 theme mass 764:767 arg1 Q-ICP-MS 783:790 Q-ICP-MS 783:790 Q-ICP-MS 783:790 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 1 49 theme mineral 96:102 arg1 composition 104:114 mineral composition 96:114 mineral composition 96:114 The evolution of mineral composition and wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr (Sr IR) during wood aging were investigated. 28530825 0 50 theme Mineral 29:35 arg1 Composition 37:47 Wine Mineral Composition 24:47 Wine Mineral Composition 24:47 Effect of Wood Aging on Wine Mineral Composition and 87Sr/86Sr Isotopic Ratio. 28530825 4 51 theme general 447:453 arg1 analysis 455:462 general analysis 447:462 general analysis 447:462 Sampling was carried out after 30, 60, and 90 days of aging, and the wines were evaluated in terms of general analysis, phenolic composition, total polysaccharides, multielement composition, and Sr IR. 28530825 8 52 theme period 1069:1074 arg1 end 1052:1054 the end 1048:1054 the end of the aging period 1048:1074 At the end of the aging period, wine exhibited statistically identical Sr IR compared to control. 28530825 1 53 theme composition 104:114 arg1 evolution 83:91 The evolution 79:91 The evolution of mineral composition and wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr (Sr IR) during wood aging 79:184 The evolution of mineral composition and wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr (Sr IR) during wood aging were investigated. 28530825 2 54 with aged 220:223 arg1 staves 266:271 French oak staves 255:271 French oak staves 255:271 A red wine was aged in stainless steel tanks with French oak staves (Quercus sessiliflora Salisb.) 28530825 9 55 theme parameter 1232:1240 arg1 use 1220:1222 the use 1216:1222 the use of this parameter for wine traceability purposes 1216:1271 Study suggests that wood aging does not affect 87Sr/86Sr, not precluding the use of this parameter for wine traceability purposes. 28530825 7 56 theme Sr. 1041:1043 arg1 concentrations 1004:1017 significantly higher concentrations 983:1017 significantly higher concentrations of Mg, V, Co, Ni, and Sr. 983:1043 Wood aging resulted in significantly higher concentrations of Mg, V, Co, Ni, and Sr. 28530825 4 57 theme composition 523:533 arg1 terms 438:442 terms 438:442 terms of general analysis, phenolic composition, total polysaccharides, multielement composition, and Sr IR 438:544 Sampling was carried out after 30, 60, and 90 days of aging, and the wines were evaluated in terms of general analysis, phenolic composition, total polysaccharides, multielement composition, and Sr IR. 28530825 6 58 theme Two-way 863:869 arg1 ANOVA 871:875 Two-way ANOVA 863:875 Two-way ANOVA 863:875 Two-way ANOVA was applied to assess wood aging and time effect on Sr IR and mineral composition. 28530825 7 59 theme Ni 1033:1034 arg1 concentrations 1004:1017 significantly higher concentrations 983:1017 significantly higher concentrations of Mg, V, Co, Ni, and Sr. 983:1043 Wood aging resulted in significantly higher concentrations of Mg, V, Co, Ni, and Sr. 28530825 1 60 theme wine 120:123 arg1 IR 164:165 Sr IR 161:165 Sr IR 161:165 The evolution of mineral composition and wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr (Sr IR) during wood aging were investigated. 28530825 1 60 theme wine 120:123 arg1 87Sr/86Sr 150:158 wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr 120:158 wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr (Sr IR) 120:166 The evolution of mineral composition and wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr (Sr IR) during wood aging were investigated. 28530825 4 61 theme multielement 510:521 arg1 composition 523:533 multielement composition 510:533 multielement composition 510:533 Sampling was carried out after 30, 60, and 90 days of aging, and the wines were evaluated in terms of general analysis, phenolic composition, total polysaccharides, multielement composition, and Sr IR. 28530825 0 62 theme 87Sr/86Sr 53:61 arg1 Ratio 72:76 87Sr/86Sr Isotopic Ratio 53:76 87Sr/86Sr Isotopic Ratio 53:76 Effect of Wood Aging on Wine Mineral Composition and 87Sr/86Sr Isotopic Ratio. 28530825 5 63 theme coupled 749:755 arg1 spectrometry 769:780 quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 726:780 quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) 726:791 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 63 theme coupled 749:755 arg1 Q-ICP-MS 783:790 Q-ICP-MS 783:790 Q-ICP-MS 783:790 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 1 64 theme strontium 125:133 arg1 IR 164:165 Sr IR 161:165 Sr IR 161:165 The evolution of mineral composition and wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr (Sr IR) during wood aging were investigated. 28530825 1 64 theme strontium 125:133 arg1 87Sr/86Sr 150:158 wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr 120:158 wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr (Sr IR) 120:166 The evolution of mineral composition and wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr (Sr IR) during wood aging were investigated. 28530825 2 65 from tanks 244:248 arg1 Salisb 295:300 Salisb 295:300 Salisb 295:300 A red wine was aged in stainless steel tanks with French oak staves (Quercus sessiliflora Salisb.) 28530825 2 65 from tanks 244:248 arg1 aged 220:223 aged 220:223 aged 220:223 A red wine was aged in stainless steel tanks with French oak staves (Quercus sessiliflora Salisb.) 28530825 2 65 from tanks 244:248 arg1 wine 211:214 A red wine 205:214 A red wine 205:214 A red wine was aged in stainless steel tanks with French oak staves (Quercus sessiliflora Salisb.) 28530825 9 66 theme traceability 1251:1262 arg1 purposes 1264:1271 wine traceability purposes 1246:1271 wine traceability purposes 1246:1271 Study suggests that wood aging does not affect 87Sr/86Sr, not precluding the use of this parameter for wine traceability purposes. 28530825 7 67 theme Co 1029:1030 arg1 concentrations 1004:1017 significantly higher concentrations 983:1017 significantly higher concentrations of Mg, V, Co, Ni, and Sr. 983:1043 Wood aging resulted in significantly higher concentrations of Mg, V, Co, Ni, and Sr. 28530825 8 68 theme Sr 1116:1117 arg1 IR 1119:1120 statistically identical Sr IR 1092:1120 statistically identical Sr IR 1092:1120 At the end of the aging period, wine exhibited statistically identical Sr IR compared to control. 28530825 1 69 theme isotopic 135:142 arg1 IR 164:165 Sr IR 161:165 Sr IR 161:165 The evolution of mineral composition and wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr (Sr IR) during wood aging were investigated. 28530825 1 69 theme isotopic 135:142 arg1 87Sr/86Sr 150:158 wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr 120:158 wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr (Sr IR) 120:166 The evolution of mineral composition and wine strontium isotopic ratio 87Sr/86Sr (Sr IR) during wood aging were investigated. 28530825 5 70 theme flame 818:822 arg1 FAAS 856:859 FAAS 856:859 FAAS 856:859 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 28530825 5 70 theme flame 818:822 arg1 spectrometry 842:853 flame atomic absorption spectrometry 818:853 flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) 818:860 Li, Be, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Tl, and Pb elements and 87Sr/86Sr were determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and Na, K, Ca, and Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 29054052 4 0 theme positive 1100:1107 arg1 cooperativity 1118:1130 positive apparent cooperativity 1100:1130 positive apparent cooperativity 1100:1130 The S-linked analogs showed slightly disparate effects, where the α1-6-linked analog showed weaker affinity than the O-linked dimannoside, as well as positive apparent cooperativity, whereas the α1-2-analog displayed very similar binding compared to the O-linked structure. 29054052 1 1 from role 179:182 arg1 bonds 208:212 glycosidic bonds 197:212 glycosidic bonds 197:212 The role of sulfur in glycosidic bonds has been evaluated using quartz crystal microbalance methodology. 29054052 2 2 from calorimetry 753:763 arg1 data 722:725 data 722:725 data from isothermal titration calorimetry 722:763 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 4 3 link O-linked 1067:1074 arg1 dimannoside 1076:1086 the O-linked dimannoside 1063:1086 the O-linked dimannoside 1063:1086 The S-linked analogs showed slightly disparate effects, where the α1-6-linked analog showed weaker affinity than the O-linked dimannoside, as well as positive apparent cooperativity, whereas the α1-2-analog displayed very similar binding compared to the O-linked structure. 29054052 1 4 theme crystal 246:252 arg1 methodology 267:277 quartz crystal microbalance methodology 239:277 quartz crystal microbalance methodology 239:277 The role of sulfur in glycosidic bonds has been evaluated using quartz crystal microbalance methodology. 29054052 2 5 theme QCM 520:522 arg1 sensors 524:530 the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors 466:530 the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors 466:530 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 3 6 theme micromolar 932:941 arg1 range 943:947 the lower micromolar range 922:947 the lower micromolar range 922:947 The recorded Kd-values corresponded well with reported binding affinities for the O-linked dimannosides with affinities for the α1-2-linked dimannosides in the lower micromolar range. 29054052 4 7 theme S-linked 954:961 arg1 analogs 963:969 The S-linked analogs 950:969 The S-linked analogs 950:969 The S-linked analogs showed slightly disparate effects, where the α1-6-linked analog showed weaker affinity than the O-linked dimannoside, as well as positive apparent cooperativity, whereas the α1-2-analog displayed very similar binding compared to the O-linked structure. 29054052 4 8 link O-linked 1204:1211 arg1 structure 1213:1221 the O-linked structure 1200:1221 the O-linked structure 1200:1221 The S-linked analogs showed slightly disparate effects, where the α1-6-linked analog showed weaker affinity than the O-linked dimannoside, as well as positive apparent cooperativity, whereas the α1-2-analog displayed very similar binding compared to the O-linked structure. 29054052 1 9 theme microbalance 254:265 arg1 methodology 267:277 quartz crystal microbalance methodology 239:277 quartz crystal microbalance methodology 239:277 The role of sulfur in glycosidic bonds has been evaluated using quartz crystal microbalance methodology. 29054052 4 10 theme α1-6-linked 1016:1026 arg1 analog 1028:1033 the α1-6-linked analog 1012:1033 the α1-6-linked analog 1012:1033 The S-linked analogs showed slightly disparate effects, where the α1-6-linked analog showed weaker affinity than the O-linked dimannoside, as well as positive apparent cooperativity, whereas the α1-2-analog displayed very similar binding compared to the O-linked structure. 29054052 4 11 theme disparate 987:995 arg1 effects 997:1003 slightly disparate effects 978:1003 slightly disparate effects 978:1003 The S-linked analogs showed slightly disparate effects, where the α1-6-linked analog showed weaker affinity than the O-linked dimannoside, as well as positive apparent cooperativity, whereas the α1-2-analog displayed very similar binding compared to the O-linked structure. 29054052 3 12 with dimannosides 857:868 arg1 affinities 875:884 affinities 875:884 affinities for the α1-2-linked dimannosides in the lower micromolar range 875:947 The recorded Kd-values corresponded well with reported binding affinities for the O-linked dimannosides with affinities for the α1-2-linked dimannosides in the lower micromolar range. 29054052 4 13 theme similar 1172:1178 arg1 binding 1180:1186 very similar binding 1167:1186 very similar binding 1167:1186 The S-linked analogs showed slightly disparate effects, where the α1-6-linked analog showed weaker affinity than the O-linked dimannoside, as well as positive apparent cooperativity, whereas the α1-2-analog displayed very similar binding compared to the O-linked structure. 29054052 4 14 theme apparent 1109:1116 arg1 cooperativity 1118:1130 positive apparent cooperativity 1100:1130 positive apparent cooperativity 1100:1130 The S-linked analogs showed slightly disparate effects, where the α1-6-linked analog showed weaker affinity than the O-linked dimannoside, as well as positive apparent cooperativity, whereas the α1-2-analog displayed very similar binding compared to the O-linked structure. 29054052 2 15 with dimannosides 327:338 arg1 bonds 364:368 S- or O-glycosidic bonds 345:368 S- or O-glycosidic bonds 345:368 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 2 16 theme photoinitiated 552:565 arg1 methods 600:606 photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods 552:606 photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods 552:606 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 3 17 theme reported 812:819 arg1 affinities 829:838 reported binding affinities 812:838 reported binding affinities for the O-linked dimannosides with affinities for the α1-2-linked dimannosides in the lower micromolar range 812:947 The recorded Kd-values corresponded well with reported binding affinities for the O-linked dimannosides with affinities for the α1-2-linked dimannosides in the lower micromolar range. 29054052 2 18 theme competition 434:444 arg1 assays 454:459 competition binding assays 434:459 competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors 434:530 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 0 19 theme sulfur 105:110 arg1 elucidation 90:100 the elucidation 86:100 the elucidation of sulfur in glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors 86:172 Synthesis and binding affinity analysis of α1-2- and α1-6-O/S-linked dimannosides for the elucidation of sulfur in glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors. 29054052 4 20 link S-linked 954:961 arg1 analogs 963:969 The S-linked analogs 950:969 The S-linked analogs 950:969 The S-linked analogs showed slightly disparate effects, where the α1-6-linked analog showed weaker affinity than the O-linked dimannoside, as well as positive apparent cooperativity, whereas the α1-2-analog displayed very similar binding compared to the O-linked structure. 29054052 2 21 theme Synthetic 280:288 arg1 routes 290:295 Synthetic routes 280:295 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds 280:368 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 2 22 theme recognition 399:409 arg1 properties 411:420 the recognition properties 395:420 the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors 395:530 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 2 23 theme cognate 470:476 arg1 QCM 520:522 the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM 466:522 the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors 466:530 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 4 24 link α1-6-linked 1016:1026 arg1 analog 1028:1033 the α1-6-linked analog 1012:1033 the α1-6-linked analog 1012:1033 The S-linked analogs showed slightly disparate effects, where the α1-6-linked analog showed weaker affinity than the O-linked dimannoside, as well as positive apparent cooperativity, whereas the α1-2-analog displayed very similar binding compared to the O-linked structure. 29054052 2 25 theme flow-through 672:683 arg1 instrumentation 685:699 an automated flow-through instrumentation 659:699 an automated flow-through instrumentation 659:699 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 2 26 theme titration 743:751 arg1 calorimetry 753:763 isothermal titration calorimetry 732:763 isothermal titration calorimetry 732:763 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 2 27 theme binding 628:634 arg1 study 636:640 the subsequent binding study 613:640 the subsequent binding study 613:640 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 4 28 theme weaker 1042:1047 arg1 affinity 1049:1056 weaker affinity 1042:1056 weaker affinity than the O-linked dimannoside 1042:1086 The S-linked analogs showed slightly disparate effects, where the α1-6-linked analog showed weaker affinity than the O-linked dimannoside, as well as positive apparent cooperativity, whereas the α1-2-analog displayed very similar binding compared to the O-linked structure. 29054052 2 29 theme automated 662:670 arg1 instrumentation 685:699 an automated flow-through instrumentation 659:699 an automated flow-through instrumentation 659:699 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 2 30 theme isothermal 732:741 arg1 calorimetry 753:763 isothermal titration calorimetry 732:763 isothermal titration calorimetry 732:763 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 1 31 theme sulfur 187:192 arg1 role 179:182 The role 175:182 The role of sulfur in glycosidic bonds 175:212 The role of sulfur in glycosidic bonds has been evaluated using quartz crystal microbalance methodology. 29054052 0 32 theme affinity 22:29 arg1 analysis 31:38 binding affinity analysis 14:38 binding affinity analysis 14:38 Synthesis and binding affinity analysis of α1-2- and α1-6-O/S-linked dimannosides for the elucidation of sulfur in glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors. 29054052 3 33 link α1-2-linked 894:904 arg1 dimannosides 906:917 the α1-2-linked dimannosides 890:917 the α1-2-linked dimannosides in the lower micromolar range 890:947 The recorded Kd-values corresponded well with reported binding affinities for the O-linked dimannosides with affinities for the α1-2-linked dimannosides in the lower micromolar range. 29054052 2 34 dep photoinitiated 552:565 arg1 nitrene-mediated 568:583 nitrene-mediated 568:583 nitrene-mediated 568:583 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 2 35 theme α1-6-linked 315:325 arg1 dimannosides 327:338 α1-6-linked dimannosides 315:338 α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds 315:368 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 2 36 theme binding 446:452 arg1 assays 454:459 competition binding assays 434:459 competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors 434:530 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 0 37 theme binding 14:20 arg1 analysis 31:38 binding affinity analysis 14:38 binding affinity analysis 14:38 Synthesis and binding affinity analysis of α1-2- and α1-6-O/S-linked dimannosides for the elucidation of sulfur in glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors. 29054052 3 38 theme binding 821:827 arg1 affinities 829:838 reported binding affinities 812:838 reported binding affinities for the O-linked dimannosides with affinities for the α1-2-linked dimannosides in the lower micromolar range 812:947 The recorded Kd-values corresponded well with reported binding affinities for the O-linked dimannosides with affinities for the α1-2-linked dimannosides in the lower micromolar range. 29054052 0 39 theme glycosidic 115:124 arg1 bonds 126:130 glycosidic bonds 115:130 glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors 115:172 Synthesis and binding affinity analysis of α1-2- and α1-6-O/S-linked dimannosides for the elucidation of sulfur in glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors. 29054052 1 40 theme glycosidic 197:206 arg1 bonds 208:212 glycosidic bonds 197:212 glycosidic bonds 197:212 The role of sulfur in glycosidic bonds has been evaluated using quartz crystal microbalance methodology. 29054052 2 41 theme Mannose-presenting 501:518 arg1 QCM 520:522 the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM 466:522 the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors 466:530 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 0 42 theme quartz 138:143 arg1 sensors 166:172 quartz crystal microbalance sensors 138:172 quartz crystal microbalance sensors 138:172 Synthesis and binding affinity analysis of α1-2- and α1-6-O/S-linked dimannosides for the elucidation of sulfur in glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors. 29054052 2 43 theme A. 498:499 arg1 QCM 520:522 the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM 466:522 the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors 466:530 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 2 44 link α1-6-linked 315:325 arg1 dimannosides 327:338 α1-6-linked dimannosides 315:338 α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds 315:368 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 2 45 theme immobilization 585:598 arg1 methods 600:606 photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods 552:606 photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods 552:606 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 2 46 with α1-2- 305:309 arg1 bonds 364:368 S- or O-glycosidic bonds 345:368 S- or O-glycosidic bonds 345:368 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 3 47 link O-linked 848:855 arg1 dimannosides 857:868 the O-linked dimannosides 844:868 the O-linked dimannosides with affinities for the α1-2-linked dimannosides in the lower micromolar range 844:947 The recorded Kd-values corresponded well with reported binding affinities for the O-linked dimannosides with affinities for the α1-2-linked dimannosides in the lower micromolar range. 29054052 2 48 theme concanavalin 485:496 arg1 QCM 520:522 the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM 466:522 the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors 466:530 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 0 49 theme microbalance 153:164 arg1 sensors 166:172 quartz crystal microbalance sensors 138:172 quartz crystal microbalance sensors 138:172 Synthesis and binding affinity analysis of α1-2- and α1-6-O/S-linked dimannosides for the elucidation of sulfur in glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors. 29054052 2 50 with assays 454:459 arg1 sensors 524:530 the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors 466:530 the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors 466:530 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 0 51 theme α1-2- 43:47 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis and binding affinity analysis of α1-2- and α1-6-O/S-linked dimannosides for the elucidation of sulfur in glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors. 29054052 0 51 theme α1-2- 43:47 arg1 analysis 31:38 binding affinity analysis 14:38 binding affinity analysis 14:38 Synthesis and binding affinity analysis of α1-2- and α1-6-O/S-linked dimannosides for the elucidation of sulfur in glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors. 29054052 3 52 theme O-linked 848:855 arg1 dimannosides 857:868 the O-linked dimannosides 844:868 the O-linked dimannosides with affinities for the α1-2-linked dimannosides in the lower micromolar range 844:947 The recorded Kd-values corresponded well with reported binding affinities for the O-linked dimannosides with affinities for the α1-2-linked dimannosides in the lower micromolar range. 29054052 0 53 theme crystal 145:151 arg1 sensors 166:172 quartz crystal microbalance sensors 138:172 quartz crystal microbalance sensors 138:172 Synthesis and binding affinity analysis of α1-2- and α1-6-O/S-linked dimannosides for the elucidation of sulfur in glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors. 29054052 2 54 theme lectin 478:483 arg1 QCM 520:522 the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM 466:522 the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors 466:530 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 2 55 theme O-glycosidic 351:362 arg1 bonds 364:368 S- or O-glycosidic bonds 345:368 S- or O-glycosidic bonds 345:368 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 4 56 theme O-linked 1067:1074 arg1 dimannoside 1076:1086 the O-linked dimannoside 1063:1086 the O-linked dimannoside 1063:1086 The S-linked analogs showed slightly disparate effects, where the α1-6-linked analog showed weaker affinity than the O-linked dimannoside, as well as positive apparent cooperativity, whereas the α1-2-analog displayed very similar binding compared to the O-linked structure. 29054052 2 57 theme subsequent 617:626 arg1 study 636:640 the subsequent binding study 613:640 the subsequent binding study 613:640 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 0 58 from sulfur 105:110 arg1 bonds 126:130 glycosidic bonds 115:130 glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors 115:172 Synthesis and binding affinity analysis of α1-2- and α1-6-O/S-linked dimannosides for the elucidation of sulfur in glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors. 29054052 0 59 link α1-6-O/S-linked 53:67 arg1 dimannosides 69:80 α1-6-O/S-linked dimannosides 53:80 α1-6-O/S-linked dimannosides for the elucidation of sulfur in glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors 53:172 Synthesis and binding affinity analysis of α1-2- and α1-6-O/S-linked dimannosides for the elucidation of sulfur in glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors. 29054052 3 60 theme α1-2-linked 894:904 arg1 dimannosides 906:917 the α1-2-linked dimannosides 890:917 the α1-2-linked dimannosides in the lower micromolar range 890:947 The recorded Kd-values corresponded well with reported binding affinities for the O-linked dimannosides with affinities for the α1-2-linked dimannosides in the lower micromolar range. 29054052 3 61 from dimannosides 906:917 arg1 range 943:947 the lower micromolar range 922:947 the lower micromolar range 922:947 The recorded Kd-values corresponded well with reported binding affinities for the O-linked dimannosides with affinities for the α1-2-linked dimannosides in the lower micromolar range. 29054052 2 62 theme S- 345:346 arg1 bonds 364:368 S- or O-glycosidic bonds 345:368 S- or O-glycosidic bonds 345:368 Synthetic routes towards α1-2- and α1-6-linked dimannosides with S- or O-glycosidic bonds have been developed, and the recognition properties assessed in competition binding assays with the cognate lectin concanavalin A. Mannose-presenting QCM sensors were produced using photoinitiated, nitrene-mediated immobilization methods, and the subsequent binding study was performed in an automated flow-through instrumentation, and correlated with data from isothermal titration calorimetry. 29054052 4 63 theme O-linked 1204:1211 arg1 structure 1213:1221 the O-linked structure 1200:1221 the O-linked structure 1200:1221 The S-linked analogs showed slightly disparate effects, where the α1-6-linked analog showed weaker affinity than the O-linked dimannoside, as well as positive apparent cooperativity, whereas the α1-2-analog displayed very similar binding compared to the O-linked structure. 29054052 0 64 theme dimannosides 69:80 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis and binding affinity analysis of α1-2- and α1-6-O/S-linked dimannosides for the elucidation of sulfur in glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors. 29054052 0 64 theme dimannosides 69:80 arg1 analysis 31:38 binding affinity analysis 14:38 binding affinity analysis 14:38 Synthesis and binding affinity analysis of α1-2- and α1-6-O/S-linked dimannosides for the elucidation of sulfur in glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors. 29054052 0 65 from elucidation 90:100 arg1 bonds 126:130 glycosidic bonds 115:130 glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors 115:172 Synthesis and binding affinity analysis of α1-2- and α1-6-O/S-linked dimannosides for the elucidation of sulfur in glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors. 29054052 0 66 from bonds 126:130 arg1 elucidation 90:100 the elucidation 86:100 the elucidation of sulfur in glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors 86:172 Synthesis and binding affinity analysis of α1-2- and α1-6-O/S-linked dimannosides for the elucidation of sulfur in glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors. 29054052 0 67 theme α1-6-O/S-linked 53:67 arg1 dimannosides 69:80 α1-6-O/S-linked dimannosides 53:80 α1-6-O/S-linked dimannosides for the elucidation of sulfur in glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors 53:172 Synthesis and binding affinity analysis of α1-2- and α1-6-O/S-linked dimannosides for the elucidation of sulfur in glycosidic bonds using quartz crystal microbalance sensors. 29054052 3 68 theme recorded 770:777 arg1 Kd-values 779:787 The recorded Kd-values 766:787 The recorded Kd-values 766:787 The recorded Kd-values corresponded well with reported binding affinities for the O-linked dimannosides with affinities for the α1-2-linked dimannosides in the lower micromolar range. 29054052 1 69 theme quartz 239:244 arg1 methodology 267:277 quartz crystal microbalance methodology 239:277 quartz crystal microbalance methodology 239:277 The role of sulfur in glycosidic bonds has been evaluated using quartz crystal microbalance methodology. 27965646 10 0 theme cellular 2193:2200 arg1 homeostasis 2202:2212 cellular homeostasis 2193:2212 cellular homeostasis 2193:2212 Overall, we have discovered that, in addition to their role in pathogenicity, the synthesis of sphingolipids is critical to the cellular homeostasis and persistence of this important dental pathogen. 27965646 2 1 theme basic 351:355 arg1 functions 357:365 many basic functions 346:365 many basic functions 346:365 In essence, lipid composition determines membrane structure, which in turn influences many basic functions, such as transport, secretion, and signaling. 27965646 2 1 theme basic 351:355 arg1 secretion 387:395 secretion 387:395 secretion 387:395 In essence, lipid composition determines membrane structure, which in turn influences many basic functions, such as transport, secretion, and signaling. 27965646 2 1 theme basic 351:355 arg1 signaling 402:410 signaling 402:410 signaling 402:410 In essence, lipid composition determines membrane structure, which in turn influences many basic functions, such as transport, secretion, and signaling. 27965646 2 1 theme basic 351:355 arg1 transport 376:384 transport 376:384 transport 376:384 In essence, lipid composition determines membrane structure, which in turn influences many basic functions, such as transport, secretion, and signaling. 27965646 5 2 theme first 1150:1154 arg1 step 1156:1159 the first step 1146:1159 the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis 1146:1188 Here, we report on the identification of a gene (PG1780) in the chromosome of P. gingivalis strain W83 encoding a putative serine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. 27965646 8 3 theme arginine 1638:1645 arg1 gingipains 1658:1667 cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains 1622:1667 cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains 1622:1667 Further, a PG1780 mutant displayed much lower activity of cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains, yet slightly higher activity in the corresponding culture supernates, which we hypothesize is due to altered membrane properties and anchoring of these proteases to the cell surface. 27965646 8 4 theme lysine 1651:1656 arg1 gingipains 1658:1667 cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains 1622:1667 cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains 1622:1667 Further, a PG1780 mutant displayed much lower activity of cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains, yet slightly higher activity in the corresponding culture supernates, which we hypothesize is due to altered membrane properties and anchoring of these proteases to the cell surface. 27965646 8 5 from activity 1690:1697 arg1 supernates 1728:1737 the corresponding culture supernates 1702:1737 the corresponding culture supernates 1702:1737 Further, a PG1780 mutant displayed much lower activity of cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains, yet slightly higher activity in the corresponding culture supernates, which we hypothesize is due to altered membrane properties and anchoring of these proteases to the cell surface. 27965646 3 6 theme lipids 568:573 arg1 species 586:592 species 586:592 species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host 586:700 Like other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses the ability to synthesize a variety of novel membrane lipids, including species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host. 27965646 3 6 theme lipids 568:573 arg1 variety 542:548 a variety 540:548 a variety of novel membrane lipids, including species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host 540:700 Like other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses the ability to synthesize a variety of novel membrane lipids, including species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host. 27965646 3 6 theme lipids 568:573 arg1 lipids 568:573 novel membrane lipids 553:573 novel membrane lipids 553:573 Like other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses the ability to synthesize a variety of novel membrane lipids, including species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host. 27965646 1 7 theme environmental 203:215 arg1 shifts 231:236 shifts 231:236 shifts in pH or temperature 231:257 Bacteria alter the biophysical properties of their membrane lipids in response to environmental cues, such as shifts in pH or temperature. 27965646 1 7 theme environmental 203:215 arg1 cues 217:220 environmental cues 203:220 environmental cues 203:220 Bacteria alter the biophysical properties of their membrane lipids in response to environmental cues, such as shifts in pH or temperature. 27965646 10 8 theme pathogen 2255:2262 arg1 persistence 2218:2228 persistence 2218:2228 persistence 2218:2228 Overall, we have discovered that, in addition to their role in pathogenicity, the synthesis of sphingolipids is critical to the cellular homeostasis and persistence of this important dental pathogen. 27965646 10 8 theme pathogen 2255:2262 arg1 homeostasis 2202:2212 cellular homeostasis 2193:2212 cellular homeostasis 2193:2212 Overall, we have discovered that, in addition to their role in pathogenicity, the synthesis of sphingolipids is critical to the cellular homeostasis and persistence of this important dental pathogen. 27965646 8 9 theme cell 1839:1842 arg1 surface 1844:1850 the cell surface 1835:1850 the cell surface 1835:1850 Further, a PG1780 mutant displayed much lower activity of cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains, yet slightly higher activity in the corresponding culture supernates, which we hypothesize is due to altered membrane properties and anchoring of these proteases to the cell surface. 27965646 3 10 theme novel 553:557 arg1 species 586:592 species 586:592 species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host 586:700 Like other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses the ability to synthesize a variety of novel membrane lipids, including species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host. 27965646 3 10 theme novel 553:557 arg1 lipids 568:573 novel membrane lipids 553:573 novel membrane lipids 553:573 Like other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses the ability to synthesize a variety of novel membrane lipids, including species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host. 27965646 4 11 theme human 906:910 arg1 diseases 912:919 human diseases 906:919 human diseases 906:919 The role of dihydroceramides in the physiology and pathogenic potential of the human microbiota is only beginning to be explored; yet there is increasing data indicating that these lipids play a role in human diseases, such as periodontitis and multiple sclerosis. 27965646 4 11 theme human 906:910 arg1 periodontitis 930:942 periodontitis 930:942 periodontitis 930:942 The role of dihydroceramides in the physiology and pathogenic potential of the human microbiota is only beginning to be explored; yet there is increasing data indicating that these lipids play a role in human diseases, such as periodontitis and multiple sclerosis. 27965646 4 11 theme human 906:910 arg1 sclerosis 957:965 multiple sclerosis 948:965 multiple sclerosis 948:965 The role of dihydroceramides in the physiology and pathogenic potential of the human microbiota is only beginning to be explored; yet there is increasing data indicating that these lipids play a role in human diseases, such as periodontitis and multiple sclerosis. 27965646 10 12 from role 2120:2123 arg1 pathogenicity 2128:2140 pathogenicity 2128:2140 pathogenicity 2128:2140 Overall, we have discovered that, in addition to their role in pathogenicity, the synthesis of sphingolipids is critical to the cellular homeostasis and persistence of this important dental pathogen. 27965646 6 13 theme gingivalis 1267:1276 arg1 cells 1278:1282 P. gingivalis cells 1264:1282 P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles 1264:1339 While we were able to detect dihydroceramides in whole lipid extracts of P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles, sphingolipids were absent in the PG1780 mutant strain. 27965646 6 14 from strain 1389:1394 arg1 absent 1361:1366 absent 1361:1366 absent 1361:1366 While we were able to detect dihydroceramides in whole lipid extracts of P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles, sphingolipids were absent in the PG1780 mutant strain. 27965646 6 15 theme PG1780 1375:1380 arg1 strain 1389:1394 the PG1780 mutant strain 1371:1394 the PG1780 mutant strain 1371:1394 While we were able to detect dihydroceramides in whole lipid extracts of P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles, sphingolipids were absent in the PG1780 mutant strain. 27965646 7 16 theme oxidative 1546:1554 arg1 stress 1556:1561 oxidative stress 1546:1561 oxidative stress 1546:1561 Moreover, we show that the synthesis of sphingolipids plays an essential role in the long-term survival of the organism as well as its resistance to oxidative stress. 27965646 9 17 theme sphingolipid 1885:1896 arg1 production 1898:1907 sphingolipid production 1885:1907 sphingolipid production 1885:1907 In addition, we determined that sphingolipid production is critical to the presentation of surface polysaccharides, with the mutant strain displaying less K-antigen capsule and more anionic polysaccharide (APS). 27965646 6 18 theme lipid 1246:1250 arg1 extracts 1252:1259 whole lipid extracts 1240:1259 whole lipid extracts of P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles 1240:1339 While we were able to detect dihydroceramides in whole lipid extracts of P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles, sphingolipids were absent in the PG1780 mutant strain. 27965646 5 19 theme gene 1011:1014 arg1 identification 991:1004 the identification 987:1004 the identification of a gene (PG1780) in the chromosome of P. gingivalis strain W83 encoding a putative serine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis 987:1188 Here, we report on the identification of a gene (PG1780) in the chromosome of P. gingivalis strain W83 encoding a putative serine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. 27965646 8 20 theme culture 1720:1726 arg1 supernates 1728:1737 the corresponding culture supernates 1702:1737 the corresponding culture supernates 1702:1737 Further, a PG1780 mutant displayed much lower activity of cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains, yet slightly higher activity in the corresponding culture supernates, which we hypothesize is due to altered membrane properties and anchoring of these proteases to the cell surface. 27965646 9 21 with critical 1912:1919 arg1 strain 1985:1990 the mutant strain 1974:1990 the mutant strain displaying less K-antigen capsule and more anionic polysaccharide (APS) 1974:2062 In addition, we determined that sphingolipid production is critical to the presentation of surface polysaccharides, with the mutant strain displaying less K-antigen capsule and more anionic polysaccharide (APS). 27965646 6 22 theme vesicles 1332:1339 arg1 preparations 1301:1312 crude preparations 1295:1312 P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles 1264:1339 While we were able to detect dihydroceramides in whole lipid extracts of P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles, sphingolipids were absent in the PG1780 mutant strain. 27965646 6 22 theme vesicles 1332:1339 arg1 cells 1278:1282 P. gingivalis cells 1264:1282 P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles 1264:1339 While we were able to detect dihydroceramides in whole lipid extracts of P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles, sphingolipids were absent in the PG1780 mutant strain. 27965646 5 23 theme strain 1060:1065 arg1 chromosome 1032:1041 the chromosome 1028:1041 the chromosome of P. gingivalis strain W83 encoding a putative serine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis 1028:1188 Here, we report on the identification of a gene (PG1780) in the chromosome of P. gingivalis strain W83 encoding a putative serine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. 27965646 6 24 theme outer 1317:1321 arg1 vesicles 1332:1339 outer membrane vesicles 1317:1339 outer membrane vesicles 1317:1339 While we were able to detect dihydroceramides in whole lipid extracts of P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles, sphingolipids were absent in the PG1780 mutant strain. 27965646 1 25 theme lipids 181:186 arg1 properties 152:161 the biophysical properties 136:161 the biophysical properties of their membrane lipids in response to environmental cues, such as shifts in pH or temperature 136:257 Bacteria alter the biophysical properties of their membrane lipids in response to environmental cues, such as shifts in pH or temperature. 27965646 9 26 theme surface 1944:1950 arg1 polysaccharides 1952:1966 surface polysaccharides 1944:1966 surface polysaccharides 1944:1966 In addition, we determined that sphingolipid production is critical to the presentation of surface polysaccharides, with the mutant strain displaying less K-antigen capsule and more anionic polysaccharide (APS). 27965646 4 27 theme pathogenic 754:763 arg1 potential 765:773 pathogenic potential 754:773 pathogenic potential 754:773 The role of dihydroceramides in the physiology and pathogenic potential of the human microbiota is only beginning to be explored; yet there is increasing data indicating that these lipids play a role in human diseases, such as periodontitis and multiple sclerosis. 27965646 0 28 theme Surface 96:102 arg1 Polysaccharides 104:118 Surface Polysaccharides 96:118 Surface Polysaccharides 96:118 Synthesis of Sphingolipids Impacts Survival of Porphyromonas gingivalis and the Presentation of Surface Polysaccharides. 27965646 5 29 theme P. 1046:1047 arg1 strain 1060:1065 P. gingivalis strain W83 1046:1069 P. gingivalis strain W83 encoding a putative serine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis 1046:1188 Here, we report on the identification of a gene (PG1780) in the chromosome of P. gingivalis strain W83 encoding a putative serine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. 27965646 10 30 dep role 2120:2123 arg1 addition 2102:2109 addition 2102:2109 addition 2102:2109 Overall, we have discovered that, in addition to their role in pathogenicity, the synthesis of sphingolipids is critical to the cellular homeostasis and persistence of this important dental pathogen. 27965646 10 31 theme sphingolipids 2160:2172 arg1 critical 2177:2184 critical 2177:2184 critical 2177:2184 Overall, we have discovered that, in addition to their role in pathogenicity, the synthesis of sphingolipids is critical to the cellular homeostasis and persistence of this important dental pathogen. 27965646 10 31 theme sphingolipids 2160:2172 arg1 synthesis 2147:2155 the synthesis 2143:2155 the synthesis of sphingolipids 2143:2172 Overall, we have discovered that, in addition to their role in pathogenicity, the synthesis of sphingolipids is critical to the cellular homeostasis and persistence of this important dental pathogen. 27965646 6 32 theme mutant 1382:1387 arg1 strain 1389:1394 the PG1780 mutant strain 1371:1394 the PG1780 mutant strain 1371:1394 While we were able to detect dihydroceramides in whole lipid extracts of P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles, sphingolipids were absent in the PG1780 mutant strain. 27965646 8 33 theme membrane 1779:1786 arg1 properties 1788:1797 altered membrane properties 1771:1797 altered membrane properties 1771:1797 Further, a PG1780 mutant displayed much lower activity of cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains, yet slightly higher activity in the corresponding culture supernates, which we hypothesize is due to altered membrane properties and anchoring of these proteases to the cell surface. 27965646 3 34 theme Bacteroidetes 446:458 arg1 members 424:430 other members 418:430 other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes 418:458 Like other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses the ability to synthesize a variety of novel membrane lipids, including species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host. 27965646 0 35 theme Sphingolipids 13:25 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of Sphingolipids 0:25 Synthesis of Sphingolipids Impacts Survival of Porphyromonas gingivalis and the Presentation of Surface Polysaccharides. 27965646 5 36 theme putative 1082:1089 arg1 palmitoyltransferase 1098:1117 a putative serine palmitoyltransferase 1080:1117 a putative serine palmitoyltransferase 1080:1117 Here, we report on the identification of a gene (PG1780) in the chromosome of P. gingivalis strain W83 encoding a putative serine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. 27965646 5 36 theme putative 1082:1089 arg1 enzyme 1124:1129 the enzyme 1120:1129 the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis 1120:1188 Here, we report on the identification of a gene (PG1780) in the chromosome of P. gingivalis strain W83 encoding a putative serine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. 27965646 7 37 theme essential 1460:1468 arg1 role 1470:1473 an essential role 1457:1473 an essential role 1457:1473 Moreover, we show that the synthesis of sphingolipids plays an essential role in the long-term survival of the organism as well as its resistance to oxidative stress. 27965646 2 38 theme many 346:349 arg1 functions 357:365 many basic functions 346:365 many basic functions 346:365 In essence, lipid composition determines membrane structure, which in turn influences many basic functions, such as transport, secretion, and signaling. 27965646 2 38 theme many 346:349 arg1 secretion 387:395 secretion 387:395 secretion 387:395 In essence, lipid composition determines membrane structure, which in turn influences many basic functions, such as transport, secretion, and signaling. 27965646 2 38 theme many 346:349 arg1 signaling 402:410 signaling 402:410 signaling 402:410 In essence, lipid composition determines membrane structure, which in turn influences many basic functions, such as transport, secretion, and signaling. 27965646 2 38 theme many 346:349 arg1 transport 376:384 transport 376:384 transport 376:384 In essence, lipid composition determines membrane structure, which in turn influences many basic functions, such as transport, secretion, and signaling. 27965646 0 39 theme Porphyromonas 47:59 arg1 gingivalis 61:70 Porphyromonas gingivalis 47:70 Porphyromonas gingivalis 47:70 Synthesis of Sphingolipids Impacts Survival of Porphyromonas gingivalis and the Presentation of Surface Polysaccharides. 27965646 4 40 theme human 782:786 arg1 microbiota 788:797 the human microbiota 778:797 the human microbiota 778:797 The role of dihydroceramides in the physiology and pathogenic potential of the human microbiota is only beginning to be explored; yet there is increasing data indicating that these lipids play a role in human diseases, such as periodontitis and multiple sclerosis. 27965646 4 41 from role 707:710 arg1 physiology 739:748 physiology 739:748 physiology 739:748 The role of dihydroceramides in the physiology and pathogenic potential of the human microbiota is only beginning to be explored; yet there is increasing data indicating that these lipids play a role in human diseases, such as periodontitis and multiple sclerosis. 27965646 4 41 from role 707:710 arg1 potential 765:773 pathogenic potential 754:773 pathogenic potential 754:773 The role of dihydroceramides in the physiology and pathogenic potential of the human microbiota is only beginning to be explored; yet there is increasing data indicating that these lipids play a role in human diseases, such as periodontitis and multiple sclerosis. 27965646 5 42 theme sphingolipid 1164:1175 arg1 biosynthesis 1177:1188 sphingolipid biosynthesis 1164:1188 sphingolipid biosynthesis 1164:1188 Here, we report on the identification of a gene (PG1780) in the chromosome of P. gingivalis strain W83 encoding a putative serine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. 27965646 3 43 from structure 648:656 arg1 similar 637:643 similar 637:643 similar 637:643 Like other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses the ability to synthesize a variety of novel membrane lipids, including species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host. 27965646 6 44 theme whole 1240:1244 arg1 extracts 1252:1259 whole lipid extracts 1240:1259 whole lipid extracts of P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles 1240:1339 While we were able to detect dihydroceramides in whole lipid extracts of P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles, sphingolipids were absent in the PG1780 mutant strain. 27965646 3 45 from similar 637:643 arg1 structure 648:656 structure 648:656 structure 648:656 Like other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses the ability to synthesize a variety of novel membrane lipids, including species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host. 27965646 3 46 theme anaerobe 470:477 arg1 gingivalis 493:502 the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis 461:502 the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis 461:502 Like other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses the ability to synthesize a variety of novel membrane lipids, including species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host. 27965646 8 47 theme proteases 1822:1830 arg1 anchoring 1803:1811 anchoring 1803:1811 anchoring of these proteases to the cell surface 1803:1850 Further, a PG1780 mutant displayed much lower activity of cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains, yet slightly higher activity in the corresponding culture supernates, which we hypothesize is due to altered membrane properties and anchoring of these proteases to the cell surface. 27965646 8 47 theme proteases 1822:1830 arg1 properties 1788:1797 altered membrane properties 1771:1797 altered membrane properties 1771:1797 Further, a PG1780 mutant displayed much lower activity of cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains, yet slightly higher activity in the corresponding culture supernates, which we hypothesize is due to altered membrane properties and anchoring of these proteases to the cell surface. 27965646 2 48 theme lipid 272:276 arg1 composition 278:288 lipid composition 272:288 lipid composition 272:288 In essence, lipid composition determines membrane structure, which in turn influences many basic functions, such as transport, secretion, and signaling. 27965646 8 49 theme cell-associated 1622:1636 arg1 gingipains 1658:1667 cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains 1622:1667 cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains 1622:1667 Further, a PG1780 mutant displayed much lower activity of cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains, yet slightly higher activity in the corresponding culture supernates, which we hypothesize is due to altered membrane properties and anchoring of these proteases to the cell surface. 27965646 3 50 theme membrane 559:566 arg1 species 586:592 species 586:592 species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host 586:700 Like other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses the ability to synthesize a variety of novel membrane lipids, including species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host. 27965646 3 50 theme membrane 559:566 arg1 lipids 568:573 novel membrane lipids 553:573 novel membrane lipids 553:573 Like other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses the ability to synthesize a variety of novel membrane lipids, including species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host. 27965646 10 51 dep homeostasis 2202:2212 arg1 the 2189:2191 the 2189:2191 the 2189:2191 Overall, we have discovered that, in addition to their role in pathogenicity, the synthesis of sphingolipids is critical to the cellular homeostasis and persistence of this important dental pathogen. 27965646 5 52 from step 1156:1159 arg1 biosynthesis 1177:1188 sphingolipid biosynthesis 1164:1188 sphingolipid biosynthesis 1164:1188 Here, we report on the identification of a gene (PG1780) in the chromosome of P. gingivalis strain W83 encoding a putative serine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. 27965646 5 53 from identification 991:1004 arg1 chromosome 1032:1041 the chromosome 1028:1041 the chromosome of P. gingivalis strain W83 encoding a putative serine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis 1028:1188 Here, we report on the identification of a gene (PG1780) in the chromosome of P. gingivalis strain W83 encoding a putative serine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. 27965646 10 54 theme dental 2248:2253 arg1 pathogen 2255:2262 this important dental pathogen 2233:2262 this important dental pathogen 2233:2262 Overall, we have discovered that, in addition to their role in pathogenicity, the synthesis of sphingolipids is critical to the cellular homeostasis and persistence of this important dental pathogen. 27965646 6 55 theme cells 1278:1282 arg1 extracts 1252:1259 whole lipid extracts 1240:1259 whole lipid extracts of P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles 1240:1339 While we were able to detect dihydroceramides in whole lipid extracts of P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles, sphingolipids were absent in the PG1780 mutant strain. 27965646 6 56 theme P. 1264:1265 arg1 gingivalis 1267:1276 P. gingivalis 1264:1276 P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles 1264:1339 While we were able to detect dihydroceramides in whole lipid extracts of P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles, sphingolipids were absent in the PG1780 mutant strain. 27965646 8 57 theme higher 1683:1688 arg1 activity 1690:1697 slightly higher activity 1674:1697 slightly higher activity in the corresponding culture supernates, which we hypothesize is due to altered membrane properties and anchoring of these proteases to the cell surface 1674:1850 Further, a PG1780 mutant displayed much lower activity of cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains, yet slightly higher activity in the corresponding culture supernates, which we hypothesize is due to altered membrane properties and anchoring of these proteases to the cell surface. 27965646 4 58 dep physiology 739:748 arg1 the 735:737 the 735:737 the 735:737 The role of dihydroceramides in the physiology and pathogenic potential of the human microbiota is only beginning to be explored; yet there is increasing data indicating that these lipids play a role in human diseases, such as periodontitis and multiple sclerosis. 27965646 1 59 from shifts 231:236 arg1 pH 241:242 pH 241:242 pH 241:242 Bacteria alter the biophysical properties of their membrane lipids in response to environmental cues, such as shifts in pH or temperature. 27965646 1 59 from shifts 231:236 arg1 temperature 247:257 temperature 247:257 temperature 247:257 Bacteria alter the biophysical properties of their membrane lipids in response to environmental cues, such as shifts in pH or temperature. 27965646 1 60 theme biophysical 140:150 arg1 properties 152:161 the biophysical properties 136:161 the biophysical properties of their membrane lipids in response to environmental cues, such as shifts in pH or temperature 136:257 Bacteria alter the biophysical properties of their membrane lipids in response to environmental cues, such as shifts in pH or temperature. 27965646 8 61 theme gingipains 1658:1667 arg1 activity 1610:1617 much lower activity 1599:1617 much lower activity of cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains 1599:1667 Further, a PG1780 mutant displayed much lower activity of cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains, yet slightly higher activity in the corresponding culture supernates, which we hypothesize is due to altered membrane properties and anchoring of these proteases to the cell surface. 27965646 5 62 from gene 1011:1014 arg1 chromosome 1032:1041 the chromosome 1028:1041 the chromosome of P. gingivalis strain W83 encoding a putative serine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis 1028:1188 Here, we report on the identification of a gene (PG1780) in the chromosome of P. gingivalis strain W83 encoding a putative serine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. 27965646 6 63 from absent 1361:1366 arg1 strain 1389:1394 the PG1780 mutant strain 1371:1394 the PG1780 mutant strain 1371:1394 While we were able to detect dihydroceramides in whole lipid extracts of P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles, sphingolipids were absent in the PG1780 mutant strain. 27965646 3 64 theme dihydroceramides 597:612 arg1 species 586:592 species 586:592 species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host 586:700 Like other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses the ability to synthesize a variety of novel membrane lipids, including species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host. 27965646 8 65 theme corresponding 1706:1718 arg1 supernates 1728:1737 the corresponding culture supernates 1702:1737 the corresponding culture supernates 1702:1737 Further, a PG1780 mutant displayed much lower activity of cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains, yet slightly higher activity in the corresponding culture supernates, which we hypothesize is due to altered membrane properties and anchoring of these proteases to the cell surface. 27965646 7 66 theme organism 1508:1515 arg1 survival 1492:1499 the long-term survival 1478:1499 the long-term survival of the organism as well as its resistance to oxidative stress 1478:1561 Moreover, we show that the synthesis of sphingolipids plays an essential role in the long-term survival of the organism as well as its resistance to oxidative stress. 27965646 7 66 theme organism 1508:1515 arg1 resistance 1532:1541 its resistance 1528:1541 the long-term survival of the organism as well as its resistance to oxidative stress 1478:1561 Moreover, we show that the synthesis of sphingolipids plays an essential role in the long-term survival of the organism as well as its resistance to oxidative stress. 27965646 3 67 contain possesses 504:512 arg2 ability 518:524 the ability 514:524 the ability to synthesize a variety of novel membrane lipids, including species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host 514:700 Like other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses the ability to synthesize a variety of novel membrane lipids, including species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host. 27965646 3 67 contain possesses 504:512 arg1 gingivalis 493:502 the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis 461:502 the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis 461:502 Like other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses the ability to synthesize a variety of novel membrane lipids, including species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host. 27965646 6 68 theme preparations 1301:1312 arg1 extracts 1252:1259 whole lipid extracts 1240:1259 whole lipid extracts of P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles 1240:1339 While we were able to detect dihydroceramides in whole lipid extracts of P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles, sphingolipids were absent in the PG1780 mutant strain. 27965646 6 69 theme membrane 1323:1330 arg1 vesicles 1332:1339 outer membrane vesicles 1317:1339 outer membrane vesicles 1317:1339 While we were able to detect dihydroceramides in whole lipid extracts of P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles, sphingolipids were absent in the PG1780 mutant strain. 27965646 1 70 theme membrane 172:179 arg1 lipids 181:186 their membrane lipids 166:186 their membrane lipids 166:186 Bacteria alter the biophysical properties of their membrane lipids in response to environmental cues, such as shifts in pH or temperature. 27965646 4 71 theme multiple 948:955 arg1 sclerosis 957:965 multiple sclerosis 948:965 multiple sclerosis 948:965 The role of dihydroceramides in the physiology and pathogenic potential of the human microbiota is only beginning to be explored; yet there is increasing data indicating that these lipids play a role in human diseases, such as periodontitis and multiple sclerosis. 27965646 0 72 theme Polysaccharides 104:118 arg1 Presentation 80:91 the Presentation 76:91 the Presentation of Surface Polysaccharides 76:118 Synthesis of Sphingolipids Impacts Survival of Porphyromonas gingivalis and the Presentation of Surface Polysaccharides. 27965646 0 72 theme Polysaccharides 104:118 arg1 Survival 35:42 Survival 35:42 Survival of Porphyromonas gingivalis 35:70 Synthesis of Sphingolipids Impacts Survival of Porphyromonas gingivalis and the Presentation of Surface Polysaccharides. 27965646 2 73 theme membrane 301:308 arg1 structure 310:318 membrane structure 301:318 membrane structure 301:318 In essence, lipid composition determines membrane structure, which in turn influences many basic functions, such as transport, secretion, and signaling. 27965646 7 74 theme long-term 1482:1490 arg1 survival 1492:1499 the long-term survival 1478:1499 the long-term survival of the organism as well as its resistance to oxidative stress 1478:1561 Moreover, we show that the synthesis of sphingolipids plays an essential role in the long-term survival of the organism as well as its resistance to oxidative stress. 27965646 9 75 theme polysaccharides 1952:1966 arg1 presentation 1928:1939 the presentation 1924:1939 the presentation of surface polysaccharides 1924:1966 In addition, we determined that sphingolipid production is critical to the presentation of surface polysaccharides, with the mutant strain displaying less K-antigen capsule and more anionic polysaccharide (APS). 27965646 6 76 theme crude 1295:1299 arg1 preparations 1301:1312 crude preparations 1295:1312 P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles 1264:1339 While we were able to detect dihydroceramides in whole lipid extracts of P. gingivalis cells as well as crude preparations of outer membrane vesicles, sphingolipids were absent in the PG1780 mutant strain. 27965646 5 77 theme gingivalis 1049:1058 arg1 strain 1060:1065 P. gingivalis strain W83 1046:1069 P. gingivalis strain W83 encoding a putative serine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis 1046:1188 Here, we report on the identification of a gene (PG1780) in the chromosome of P. gingivalis strain W83 encoding a putative serine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. 27965646 1 78 from properties 152:161 arg1 response 191:198 response 191:198 response to environmental cues, such as shifts in pH or temperature 191:257 Bacteria alter the biophysical properties of their membrane lipids in response to environmental cues, such as shifts in pH or temperature. 27965646 10 79 theme important 2238:2246 arg1 pathogen 2255:2262 this important dental pathogen 2233:2262 this important dental pathogen 2233:2262 Overall, we have discovered that, in addition to their role in pathogenicity, the synthesis of sphingolipids is critical to the cellular homeostasis and persistence of this important dental pathogen. 27965646 9 80 theme mutant 1978:1983 arg1 strain 1985:1990 the mutant strain 1974:1990 the mutant strain displaying less K-antigen capsule and more anionic polysaccharide (APS) 1974:2062 In addition, we determined that sphingolipid production is critical to the presentation of surface polysaccharides, with the mutant strain displaying less K-antigen capsule and more anionic polysaccharide (APS). 27965646 4 81 theme dihydroceramides 715:730 arg1 role 707:710 The role 703:710 The role of dihydroceramides in the physiology and pathogenic potential of the human microbiota 703:797 The role of dihydroceramides in the physiology and pathogenic potential of the human microbiota is only beginning to be explored; yet there is increasing data indicating that these lipids play a role in human diseases, such as periodontitis and multiple sclerosis. 27965646 3 82 theme other 418:422 arg1 members 424:430 other members 418:430 other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes 418:458 Like other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses the ability to synthesize a variety of novel membrane lipids, including species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host. 27965646 5 83 from chromosome 1032:1041 arg1 identification 991:1004 the identification 987:1004 the identification of a gene (PG1780) in the chromosome of P. gingivalis strain W83 encoding a putative serine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis 987:1188 Here, we report on the identification of a gene (PG1780) in the chromosome of P. gingivalis strain W83 encoding a putative serine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. 27965646 8 84 theme altered 1771:1777 arg1 properties 1788:1797 altered membrane properties 1771:1797 altered membrane properties 1771:1797 Further, a PG1780 mutant displayed much lower activity of cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains, yet slightly higher activity in the corresponding culture supernates, which we hypothesize is due to altered membrane properties and anchoring of these proteases to the cell surface. 27965646 9 85 theme K-antigen 2008:2016 arg1 capsule 2018:2024 less K-antigen capsule 2003:2024 less K-antigen capsule 2003:2024 In addition, we determined that sphingolipid production is critical to the presentation of surface polysaccharides, with the mutant strain displaying less K-antigen capsule and more anionic polysaccharide (APS). 27965646 3 86 theme phylum 439:444 arg1 Bacteroidetes 446:458 the phylum Bacteroidetes 435:458 the phylum Bacteroidetes 435:458 Like other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses the ability to synthesize a variety of novel membrane lipids, including species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host. 27965646 0 87 theme gingivalis 61:70 arg1 Presentation 80:91 the Presentation 76:91 the Presentation of Surface Polysaccharides 76:118 Synthesis of Sphingolipids Impacts Survival of Porphyromonas gingivalis and the Presentation of Surface Polysaccharides. 27965646 0 87 theme gingivalis 61:70 arg1 Survival 35:42 Survival 35:42 Survival of Porphyromonas gingivalis 35:70 Synthesis of Sphingolipids Impacts Survival of Porphyromonas gingivalis and the Presentation of Surface Polysaccharides. 27965646 5 88 theme serine 1091:1096 arg1 palmitoyltransferase 1098:1117 a putative serine palmitoyltransferase 1080:1117 a putative serine palmitoyltransferase 1080:1117 Here, we report on the identification of a gene (PG1780) in the chromosome of P. gingivalis strain W83 encoding a putative serine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. 27965646 5 88 theme serine 1091:1096 arg1 enzyme 1124:1129 the enzyme 1120:1129 the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis 1120:1188 Here, we report on the identification of a gene (PG1780) in the chromosome of P. gingivalis strain W83 encoding a putative serine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. 27965646 3 89 theme Porphyromonas 479:491 arg1 gingivalis 493:502 the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis 461:502 the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis 461:502 Like other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses the ability to synthesize a variety of novel membrane lipids, including species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host. 27965646 8 90 theme PG1780 1575:1580 arg1 mutant 1582:1587 a PG1780 mutant 1573:1587 a PG1780 mutant 1573:1587 Further, a PG1780 mutant displayed much lower activity of cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains, yet slightly higher activity in the corresponding culture supernates, which we hypothesize is due to altered membrane properties and anchoring of these proteases to the cell surface. 27965646 9 91 theme anionic 2035:2041 arg1 APS 2059:2061 APS 2059:2061 APS 2059:2061 In addition, we determined that sphingolipid production is critical to the presentation of surface polysaccharides, with the mutant strain displaying less K-antigen capsule and more anionic polysaccharide (APS). 27965646 9 91 theme anionic 2035:2041 arg1 polysaccharide 2043:2056 more anionic polysaccharide 2030:2056 more anionic polysaccharide (APS) 2030:2062 In addition, we determined that sphingolipid production is critical to the presentation of surface polysaccharides, with the mutant strain displaying less K-antigen capsule and more anionic polysaccharide (APS). 27965646 3 92 theme oral 465:468 arg1 gingivalis 493:502 the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis 461:502 the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis 461:502 Like other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses the ability to synthesize a variety of novel membrane lipids, including species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host. 27965646 7 93 theme sphingolipids 1437:1449 arg1 synthesis 1424:1432 the synthesis 1420:1432 the synthesis of sphingolipids 1420:1449 Moreover, we show that the synthesis of sphingolipids plays an essential role in the long-term survival of the organism as well as its resistance to oxidative stress. 27965646 3 94 theme human 691:695 arg1 host 697:700 the human host 687:700 the human host 687:700 Like other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses the ability to synthesize a variety of novel membrane lipids, including species of dihydroceramides that are distinct, yet similar in structure to sphingolipids produced by the human host. 27965646 4 95 theme microbiota 788:797 arg1 physiology 739:748 physiology 739:748 physiology 739:748 The role of dihydroceramides in the physiology and pathogenic potential of the human microbiota is only beginning to be explored; yet there is increasing data indicating that these lipids play a role in human diseases, such as periodontitis and multiple sclerosis. 27965646 4 95 theme microbiota 788:797 arg1 potential 765:773 pathogenic potential 754:773 pathogenic potential 754:773 The role of dihydroceramides in the physiology and pathogenic potential of the human microbiota is only beginning to be explored; yet there is increasing data indicating that these lipids play a role in human diseases, such as periodontitis and multiple sclerosis. 27965646 8 96 theme lower 1604:1608 arg1 activity 1610:1617 much lower activity 1599:1617 much lower activity of cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains 1599:1667 Further, a PG1780 mutant displayed much lower activity of cell-associated arginine and lysine gingipains, yet slightly higher activity in the corresponding culture supernates, which we hypothesize is due to altered membrane properties and anchoring of these proteases to the cell surface. 29423071 3 0 theme F77 469:471 arg1 antigen 473:479 the F77 antigen 465:479 the F77 antigen 465:479 We have identified a spliced form of glycoprotein CD44 as one critical protein expressing the F77 antigen. 29423071 6 1 theme CD44 714:717 arg1 Knockdown 701:709 Knockdown 701:709 Knockdown of CD44 or FUT1 genes 701:731 Knockdown of CD44 or FUT1 genes dramatically reduced F77-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines. 29423071 7 2 from cells 935:939 arg1 form 888:891 the special form 876:891 the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients 876:997 We developed an ELISA using both a CD44 antibody and F77 to identify the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients. 29423071 7 2 from cells 935:939 arg1 CD44 909:912 glycosylated CD44 896:912 glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients 896:997 We developed an ELISA using both a CD44 antibody and F77 to identify the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients. 29423071 5 3 theme tumor 624:628 arg1 CD44 614:617 CD44 614:617 CD44 614:617 CD44 is a tumor stem cell marker and is known to induce tumor stemness and metastasis. 29423071 5 3 theme tumor 624:628 arg1 marker 640:645 a tumor stem cell marker 622:645 a tumor stem cell marker 622:645 CD44 is a tumor stem cell marker and is known to induce tumor stemness and metastasis. 29423071 6 4 theme cancer 788:793 arg1 lines 800:804 prostate cancer cell lines 779:804 prostate cancer cell lines 779:804 Knockdown of CD44 or FUT1 genes dramatically reduced F77-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines. 29423071 2 5 theme O-linked 314:321 arg1 glycosylation 323:335 O-linked glycosylation 314:335 glycolipids as well as O-linked glycosylation on proteins in prostate cancer cells 291:372 The monoclonal antibody F77 that was originally developed in our laboratory recognizes mainly glycolipids as well as O-linked glycosylation on proteins in prostate cancer cells. 29423071 7 6 theme prostate 919:926 arg1 cells 935:939 prostate cancer cells 919:939 prostate cancer cells 919:939 We developed an ELISA using both a CD44 antibody and F77 to identify the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients. 29423071 8 7 theme prostate 1167:1174 arg1 cells 1183:1187 prostate cancer cells 1167:1187 prostate cancer cells 1167:1187 These results reveal a CD44-dependent mechanism for F77 to induce tumor cell apoptosis, and a new strategy for the detection of glycosylated CD44 proteins secreted by prostate cancer cells. 29423071 8 8 theme new 1094:1096 arg1 strategy 1098:1105 a new strategy 1092:1105 a new strategy for the detection of glycosylated CD44 proteins secreted by prostate cancer cells 1092:1187 These results reveal a CD44-dependent mechanism for F77 to induce tumor cell apoptosis, and a new strategy for the detection of glycosylated CD44 proteins secreted by prostate cancer cells. 29423071 5 9 theme stem 630:633 arg1 CD44 614:617 CD44 614:617 CD44 614:617 CD44 is a tumor stem cell marker and is known to induce tumor stemness and metastasis. 29423071 5 9 theme stem 630:633 arg1 marker 640:645 a tumor stem cell marker 622:645 a tumor stem cell marker 622:645 CD44 is a tumor stem cell marker and is known to induce tumor stemness and metastasis. 29423071 2 10 from glycolipids 291:301 arg1 proteins 340:347 proteins 340:347 proteins in prostate cancer cells 340:372 The monoclonal antibody F77 that was originally developed in our laboratory recognizes mainly glycolipids as well as O-linked glycosylation on proteins in prostate cancer cells. 29423071 5 11 theme cell 635:638 arg1 CD44 614:617 CD44 614:617 CD44 614:617 CD44 is a tumor stem cell marker and is known to induce tumor stemness and metastasis. 29423071 5 11 theme cell 635:638 arg1 marker 640:645 a tumor stem cell marker 622:645 a tumor stem cell marker 622:645 CD44 is a tumor stem cell marker and is known to induce tumor stemness and metastasis. 29423071 7 12 theme glycosylated 896:907 arg1 CD44 909:912 glycosylated CD44 896:912 glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients 896:997 We developed an ELISA using both a CD44 antibody and F77 to identify the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients. 29423071 4 13 theme CD44 569:572 arg1 protein 574:580 the CD44 protein 565:580 the CD44 protein encoded by the fourteenth exon 565:611 The F77-specific glycosylation occurs on multiple potential glycosylation sites on the CD44 protein encoded by the fourteenth exon. 29423071 0 14 theme cancer 86:91 arg1 F77 111:113 the prostate cancer specific antibody F77 73:113 the prostate cancer specific antibody F77 73:113 A spliced form of CD44 expresses the unique glycan that is recognized by the prostate cancer specific antibody F77. 29423071 2 15 link O-linked 314:321 arg1 glycosylation 323:335 O-linked glycosylation 314:335 glycolipids as well as O-linked glycosylation on proteins in prostate cancer cells 291:372 The monoclonal antibody F77 that was originally developed in our laboratory recognizes mainly glycolipids as well as O-linked glycosylation on proteins in prostate cancer cells. 29423071 7 16 theme CD44 909:912 arg1 form 888:891 the special form 876:891 the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients 876:997 We developed an ELISA using both a CD44 antibody and F77 to identify the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients. 29423071 8 17 gly glycosylated 1128:1139 arg1 proteins 1146:1153 glycosylated CD44 proteins 1128:1153 glycosylated CD44 proteins secreted by prostate cancer cells 1128:1187 These results reveal a CD44-dependent mechanism for F77 to induce tumor cell apoptosis, and a new strategy for the detection of glycosylated CD44 proteins secreted by prostate cancer cells. 29423071 2 18 dep antibody 212:219 arg1 F77 221:223 F77 221:223 The monoclonal antibody F77 that was originally developed in our laboratory 197:271 The monoclonal antibody F77 that was originally developed in our laboratory recognizes mainly glycolipids as well as O-linked glycosylation on proteins in prostate cancer cells. 29423071 0 19 theme prostate 77:84 arg1 F77 111:113 the prostate cancer specific antibody F77 73:113 the prostate cancer specific antibody F77 73:113 A spliced form of CD44 expresses the unique glycan that is recognized by the prostate cancer specific antibody F77. 29423071 2 20 from glycosylation 323:335 arg1 proteins 340:347 proteins 340:347 proteins in prostate cancer cells 340:372 The monoclonal antibody F77 that was originally developed in our laboratory recognizes mainly glycolipids as well as O-linked glycosylation on proteins in prostate cancer cells. 29423071 1 21 theme common 144:149 arg1 cancer 151:156 the most common cancer 135:156 the most common cancer occurring in men in the United States 135:194 Prostate cancer is the most common cancer occurring in men in the United States. 29423071 1 21 theme common 144:149 arg1 cancer 125:130 Prostate cancer 116:130 Prostate cancer 116:130 Prostate cancer is the most common cancer occurring in men in the United States. 29423071 0 22 theme spliced 2:8 arg1 form 10:13 A spliced form 0:13 A spliced form of CD44 0:21 A spliced form of CD44 expresses the unique glycan that is recognized by the prostate cancer specific antibody F77. 29423071 8 23 theme CD44-dependent 1023:1036 arg1 mechanism 1038:1046 a CD44-dependent mechanism 1021:1046 a CD44-dependent mechanism for F77 1021:1054 These results reveal a CD44-dependent mechanism for F77 to induce tumor cell apoptosis, and a new strategy for the detection of glycosylated CD44 proteins secreted by prostate cancer cells. 29423071 2 24 theme prostate 352:359 arg1 cells 368:372 prostate cancer cells 352:372 prostate cancer cells 352:372 The monoclonal antibody F77 that was originally developed in our laboratory recognizes mainly glycolipids as well as O-linked glycosylation on proteins in prostate cancer cells. 29423071 4 25 theme potential 532:540 arg1 sites 556:560 multiple potential glycosylation sites 523:560 multiple potential glycosylation sites on the CD44 protein encoded by the fourteenth exon 523:611 The F77-specific glycosylation occurs on multiple potential glycosylation sites on the CD44 protein encoded by the fourteenth exon. 29423071 8 26 theme cancer 1176:1181 arg1 cells 1183:1187 prostate cancer cells 1167:1187 prostate cancer cells 1167:1187 These results reveal a CD44-dependent mechanism for F77 to induce tumor cell apoptosis, and a new strategy for the detection of glycosylated CD44 proteins secreted by prostate cancer cells. 29423071 2 27 from proteins 340:347 arg1 cells 368:372 prostate cancer cells 352:372 prostate cancer cells 352:372 The monoclonal antibody F77 that was originally developed in our laboratory recognizes mainly glycolipids as well as O-linked glycosylation on proteins in prostate cancer cells. 29423071 8 28 theme CD44 1141:1144 arg1 proteins 1146:1153 glycosylated CD44 proteins 1128:1153 glycosylated CD44 proteins secreted by prostate cancer cells 1128:1187 These results reveal a CD44-dependent mechanism for F77 to induce tumor cell apoptosis, and a new strategy for the detection of glycosylated CD44 proteins secreted by prostate cancer cells. 29423071 3 29 theme spliced 396:402 arg1 form 404:407 a spliced form 394:407 a spliced form of glycoprotein CD44 394:428 We have identified a spliced form of glycoprotein CD44 as one critical protein expressing the F77 antigen. 29423071 7 30 gly glycosylated 896:907 arg1 CD44 909:912 glycosylated CD44 896:912 glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients 896:997 We developed an ELISA using both a CD44 antibody and F77 to identify the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients. 29423071 4 31 theme multiple 523:530 arg1 sites 556:560 multiple potential glycosylation sites 523:560 multiple potential glycosylation sites on the CD44 protein encoded by the fourteenth exon 523:611 The F77-specific glycosylation occurs on multiple potential glycosylation sites on the CD44 protein encoded by the fourteenth exon. 29423071 0 32 theme antibody 102:109 arg1 F77 111:113 the prostate cancer specific antibody F77 73:113 the prostate cancer specific antibody F77 73:113 A spliced form of CD44 expresses the unique glycan that is recognized by the prostate cancer specific antibody F77. 29423071 7 33 theme special 880:886 arg1 form 888:891 the special form 876:891 the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients 876:997 We developed an ELISA using both a CD44 antibody and F77 to identify the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients. 29423071 6 34 theme prostate 779:786 arg1 lines 800:804 prostate cancer cell lines 779:804 prostate cancer cell lines 779:804 Knockdown of CD44 or FUT1 genes dramatically reduced F77-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines. 29423071 0 35 theme specific 93:100 arg1 F77 111:113 the prostate cancer specific antibody F77 73:113 the prostate cancer specific antibody F77 73:113 A spliced form of CD44 expresses the unique glycan that is recognized by the prostate cancer specific antibody F77. 29423071 8 36 theme proteins 1146:1153 arg1 detection 1115:1123 the detection 1111:1123 the detection of glycosylated CD44 proteins secreted by prostate cancer cells 1111:1187 These results reveal a CD44-dependent mechanism for F77 to induce tumor cell apoptosis, and a new strategy for the detection of glycosylated CD44 proteins secreted by prostate cancer cells. 29423071 4 37 theme glycosylation 542:554 arg1 sites 556:560 multiple potential glycosylation sites 523:560 multiple potential glycosylation sites on the CD44 protein encoded by the fourteenth exon 523:611 The F77-specific glycosylation occurs on multiple potential glycosylation sites on the CD44 protein encoded by the fourteenth exon. 29423071 5 38 theme tumor 670:674 arg1 stemness 676:683 tumor stemness 670:683 tumor stemness 670:683 CD44 is a tumor stem cell marker and is known to induce tumor stemness and metastasis. 29423071 3 39 theme glycoprotein 412:423 arg1 CD44 425:428 glycoprotein CD44 412:428 glycoprotein CD44 412:428 We have identified a spliced form of glycoprotein CD44 as one critical protein expressing the F77 antigen. 29423071 0 40 theme CD44 18:21 arg1 form 10:13 A spliced form 0:13 A spliced form of CD44 0:21 A spliced form of CD44 expresses the unique glycan that is recognized by the prostate cancer specific antibody F77. 29423071 2 41 gly glycosylation 323:335 arg1 proteins 340:347 proteins 340:347 proteins in prostate cancer cells 340:372 The monoclonal antibody F77 that was originally developed in our laboratory recognizes mainly glycolipids as well as O-linked glycosylation on proteins in prostate cancer cells. 29423071 8 42 theme glycosylated 1128:1139 arg1 proteins 1146:1153 glycosylated CD44 proteins 1128:1153 glycosylated CD44 proteins secreted by prostate cancer cells 1128:1187 These results reveal a CD44-dependent mechanism for F77 to induce tumor cell apoptosis, and a new strategy for the detection of glycosylated CD44 proteins secreted by prostate cancer cells. 29423071 6 43 theme FUT1 722:725 arg1 Knockdown 701:709 Knockdown 701:709 Knockdown of CD44 or FUT1 genes 701:731 Knockdown of CD44 or FUT1 genes dramatically reduced F77-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines. 29423071 3 44 theme CD44 425:428 arg1 form 404:407 a spliced form 394:407 a spliced form of glycoprotein CD44 394:428 We have identified a spliced form of glycoprotein CD44 as one critical protein expressing the F77 antigen. 29423071 0 45 theme unique 37:42 arg1 glycan 44:49 the unique glycan 33:49 the unique glycan that is recognized by the prostate cancer specific antibody F77 33:113 A spliced form of CD44 expresses the unique glycan that is recognized by the prostate cancer specific antibody F77. 29423071 4 46 theme F77-specific 486:497 arg1 glycosylation 499:511 The F77-specific glycosylation 482:511 The F77-specific glycosylation 482:511 The F77-specific glycosylation occurs on multiple potential glycosylation sites on the CD44 protein encoded by the fourteenth exon. 29423071 7 47 theme cancer 983:988 arg1 patients 990:997 prostate cancer patients 974:997 prostate cancer patients 974:997 We developed an ELISA using both a CD44 antibody and F77 to identify the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients. 29423071 8 48 theme cell 1072:1075 arg1 apoptosis 1077:1085 tumor cell apoptosis 1066:1085 tumor cell apoptosis 1066:1085 These results reveal a CD44-dependent mechanism for F77 to induce tumor cell apoptosis, and a new strategy for the detection of glycosylated CD44 proteins secreted by prostate cancer cells. 29423071 7 49 theme patients 990:997 arg1 samples 963:969 serum samples 957:969 serum samples of prostate cancer patients 957:997 We developed an ELISA using both a CD44 antibody and F77 to identify the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients. 29423071 3 50 gly glycoprotein 412:423 arg1 glycoprotein 412:423 glycoprotein CD44 412:428 glycoprotein CD44 412:428 We have identified a spliced form of glycoprotein CD44 as one critical protein expressing the F77 antigen. 29423071 4 51 gly glycosylation 542:554 arg2 sites 556:560 multiple potential glycosylation sites 523:560 multiple potential glycosylation sites on the CD44 protein encoded by the fourteenth exon 523:611 The F77-specific glycosylation occurs on multiple potential glycosylation sites on the CD44 protein encoded by the fourteenth exon. 29423071 7 52 dep antibody 847:854 arg1 a 840:840 a 840:840 a 840:840 We developed an ELISA using both a CD44 antibody and F77 to identify the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients. 29423071 8 53 theme tumor 1066:1070 arg1 apoptosis 1077:1085 tumor cell apoptosis 1066:1085 tumor cell apoptosis 1066:1085 These results reveal a CD44-dependent mechanism for F77 to induce tumor cell apoptosis, and a new strategy for the detection of glycosylated CD44 proteins secreted by prostate cancer cells. 29423071 6 54 theme F77-induced 754:764 arg1 apoptosis 766:774 F77-induced apoptosis 754:774 F77-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines 754:804 Knockdown of CD44 or FUT1 genes dramatically reduced F77-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines. 29423071 1 55 from men 171:173 arg1 States 189:194 the United States 178:194 the United States 178:194 Prostate cancer is the most common cancer occurring in men in the United States. 29423071 3 56 theme critical 437:444 arg1 protein 446:452 one critical protein 433:452 one critical protein expressing the F77 antigen 433:479 We have identified a spliced form of glycoprotein CD44 as one critical protein expressing the F77 antigen. 29423071 7 57 theme CD44 842:845 arg1 antibody 847:854 CD44 antibody 842:854 CD44 antibody 842:854 We developed an ELISA using both a CD44 antibody and F77 to identify the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients. 29423071 1 58 theme United 182:187 arg1 States 189:194 the United States 178:194 the United States 178:194 Prostate cancer is the most common cancer occurring in men in the United States. 29423071 7 59 theme prostate 974:981 arg1 patients 990:997 prostate cancer patients 974:997 prostate cancer patients 974:997 We developed an ELISA using both a CD44 antibody and F77 to identify the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients. 29423071 7 60 theme serum 957:961 arg1 samples 963:969 serum samples 957:969 serum samples of prostate cancer patients 957:997 We developed an ELISA using both a CD44 antibody and F77 to identify the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients. 29423071 7 61 from form 888:891 arg1 cells 935:939 prostate cancer cells 919:939 prostate cancer cells 919:939 We developed an ELISA using both a CD44 antibody and F77 to identify the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients. 29423071 7 61 from form 888:891 arg1 samples 963:969 serum samples 957:969 serum samples of prostate cancer patients 957:997 We developed an ELISA using both a CD44 antibody and F77 to identify the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients. 29423071 6 62 theme cell 795:798 arg1 lines 800:804 prostate cancer cell lines 779:804 prostate cancer cell lines 779:804 Knockdown of CD44 or FUT1 genes dramatically reduced F77-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines. 29423071 4 63 gly glycosylation 499:511 arg2 sites 556:560 multiple potential glycosylation sites 523:560 multiple potential glycosylation sites on the CD44 protein encoded by the fourteenth exon 523:611 The F77-specific glycosylation occurs on multiple potential glycosylation sites on the CD44 protein encoded by the fourteenth exon. 29423071 1 64 theme Prostate 116:123 arg1 cancer 151:156 the most common cancer 135:156 the most common cancer occurring in men in the United States 135:194 Prostate cancer is the most common cancer occurring in men in the United States. 29423071 1 64 theme Prostate 116:123 arg1 cancer 125:130 Prostate cancer 116:130 Prostate cancer 116:130 Prostate cancer is the most common cancer occurring in men in the United States. 29423071 2 65 theme cancer 361:366 arg1 cells 368:372 prostate cancer cells 352:372 prostate cancer cells 352:372 The monoclonal antibody F77 that was originally developed in our laboratory recognizes mainly glycolipids as well as O-linked glycosylation on proteins in prostate cancer cells. 29423071 4 66 theme fourteenth 597:606 arg1 exon 608:611 the fourteenth exon 593:611 the fourteenth exon 593:611 The F77-specific glycosylation occurs on multiple potential glycosylation sites on the CD44 protein encoded by the fourteenth exon. 29423071 6 67 from apoptosis 766:774 arg1 lines 800:804 prostate cancer cell lines 779:804 prostate cancer cell lines 779:804 Knockdown of CD44 or FUT1 genes dramatically reduced F77-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines. 29423071 7 68 from samples 963:969 arg1 form 888:891 the special form 876:891 the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients 876:997 We developed an ELISA using both a CD44 antibody and F77 to identify the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients. 29423071 7 68 from samples 963:969 arg1 CD44 909:912 glycosylated CD44 896:912 glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients 896:997 We developed an ELISA using both a CD44 antibody and F77 to identify the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients. 29423071 2 69 theme monoclonal 201:210 arg1 antibody 212:219 The monoclonal antibody 197:219 The monoclonal antibody F77 that was originally developed in our laboratory 197:271 The monoclonal antibody F77 that was originally developed in our laboratory recognizes mainly glycolipids as well as O-linked glycosylation on proteins in prostate cancer cells. 29423071 7 70 theme cancer 928:933 arg1 cells 935:939 prostate cancer cells 919:939 prostate cancer cells 919:939 We developed an ELISA using both a CD44 antibody and F77 to identify the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients. 29423071 4 71 from sites 556:560 arg1 protein 574:580 the CD44 protein 565:580 the CD44 protein encoded by the fourteenth exon 565:611 The F77-specific glycosylation occurs on multiple potential glycosylation sites on the CD44 protein encoded by the fourteenth exon. 29423071 6 72 dep CD44 714:717 arg1 genes 727:731 genes 727:731 genes 727:731 Knockdown of CD44 or FUT1 genes dramatically reduced F77-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines. 27874308 1 0 from fluctuations 297:308 arg1 activity 321:328 disease activity 313:328 disease activity 313:328 Intestinal dysbiosis is thought to confer susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but it is unknown whether dynamic changes in the microbiome contribute to fluctuations in disease activity. 27874308 3 1 theme spontaneous 471:481 arg1 colitis 504:510 spontaneous microbiota-dependent colitis 471:510 spontaneous microbiota-dependent colitis with a remitting/relapsing course due to loss of mucin core-1 derived O-glycans 471:590 These mice develop spontaneous microbiota-dependent colitis with a remitting/relapsing course due to loss of mucin core-1 derived O-glycans. 27874308 6 2 theme FoxP3-RORγt+CD4+ 1158:1173 arg1 cells 1177:1181 FoxP3-RORγt+CD4+ T cells 1158:1181 FoxP3-RORγt+CD4+ T cells expressing IFNγ and IL17A 1158:1207 Relapse was characterized by marked expansion of FoxP3-RORγt+CD4+ T cells expressing IFNγ and IL17A, which were associated with Clostridiales OTUs distinct from those negatively correlated with FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells. 27874308 3 3 with colitis 504:510 arg1 course 539:544 a remitting/relapsing course 517:544 a remitting/relapsing course due to loss of mucin core-1 derived O-glycans 517:590 These mice develop spontaneous microbiota-dependent colitis with a remitting/relapsing course due to loss of mucin core-1 derived O-glycans. 27874308 8 4 theme controls 1700:1707 arg1 cohort 1646:1651 a cohort 1644:1651 a cohort of 78 Crohn's disease patients and 101 healthy controls 1644:1707 We investigated whether genetic variation in C1galt1 correlated with the microbiome in a cohort of 78 Crohn's disease patients and 101 healthy controls. 27874308 7 5 theme reduced 1452:1458 arg1 O-glycosylation 1467:1481 reduced core-1 O-glycosylation 1452:1481 reduced core-1 O-glycosylation 1452:1481 Our findings suggest that colitis remission and relapse in the Tsyn model may reflect alterations in the microbiome due to reduced core-1 O-glycosylation that shift the balance of regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets. 27874308 8 6 from variation 1589:1597 arg1 C1galt1 1602:1608 C1galt1 1602:1608 C1galt1 1602:1608 We investigated whether genetic variation in C1galt1 correlated with the microbiome in a cohort of 78 Crohn's disease patients and 101 healthy controls. 27874308 4 7 from perturbations 667:679 arg1 microbiome 699:708 the intestinal microbiome 684:708 the intestinal microbiome 684:708 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics demonstrated age-specific perturbations in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome of Tsyn mice compare with littermate controls at weeks 3 (disease onset), 5 (during remission), and 9 (after relapse). 27874308 7 8 theme due 1445:1447 arg1 microbiome 1434:1443 the microbiome 1430:1443 the microbiome due to reduced core-1 O-glycosylation 1430:1481 Our findings suggest that colitis remission and relapse in the Tsyn model may reflect alterations in the microbiome due to reduced core-1 O-glycosylation that shift the balance of regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets. 27874308 9 9 theme O-glycosylation 1909:1923 arg1 relevance 1889:1897 the relevance 1885:1897 the relevance of core-1 O-glycosylation to host regulation of the microbiome 1885:1960 Polymorphisms near C1galt1 (rs10486157) and its molecular chaperone, Cosmc (rs4825729), were associated with altered composition of the colonic mucosal microbiota, supporting the relevance of core-1 O-glycosylation to host regulation of the microbiome. 27874308 1 10 from changes 257:263 arg1 microbiome 272:281 the microbiome 268:281 the microbiome 268:281 Intestinal dysbiosis is thought to confer susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but it is unknown whether dynamic changes in the microbiome contribute to fluctuations in disease activity. 27874308 5 11 from units 1012:1016 arg1 family 1038:1043 the S24-7 family 1028:1043 the S24-7 family 1028:1043 Colitis remission corresponded to increased levels of FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order. 27874308 9 12 theme host 1928:1931 arg1 regulation 1933:1942 host regulation 1928:1942 host regulation of the microbiome 1928:1960 Polymorphisms near C1galt1 (rs10486157) and its molecular chaperone, Cosmc (rs4825729), were associated with altered composition of the colonic mucosal microbiota, supporting the relevance of core-1 O-glycosylation to host regulation of the microbiome. 27874308 4 13 theme untargeted 617:626 arg1 metabolomics 628:639 untargeted metabolomics 617:639 untargeted metabolomics 617:639 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics demonstrated age-specific perturbations in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome of Tsyn mice compare with littermate controls at weeks 3 (disease onset), 5 (during remission), and 9 (after relapse). 27874308 5 14 theme S24-7 1032:1036 arg1 family 1038:1043 the S24-7 family 1028:1043 the S24-7 family 1028:1043 Colitis remission corresponded to increased levels of FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order. 27874308 1 15 theme bowel 202:206 arg1 IBD 217:219 IBD 217:219 IBD 217:219 Intestinal dysbiosis is thought to confer susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but it is unknown whether dynamic changes in the microbiome contribute to fluctuations in disease activity. 27874308 1 15 theme bowel 202:206 arg1 disease 208:214 inflammatory bowel disease 189:214 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 189:220 Intestinal dysbiosis is thought to confer susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but it is unknown whether dynamic changes in the microbiome contribute to fluctuations in disease activity. 27874308 6 16 theme T 1320:1320 arg1 cells 1322:1326 FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells 1303:1326 FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells 1303:1326 Relapse was characterized by marked expansion of FoxP3-RORγt+CD4+ T cells expressing IFNγ and IL17A, which were associated with Clostridiales OTUs distinct from those negatively correlated with FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells. 27874308 3 17 theme O-glycans 582:590 arg1 loss 553:556 loss 553:556 loss of mucin core-1 derived O-glycans 553:590 These mice develop spontaneous microbiota-dependent colitis with a remitting/relapsing course due to loss of mucin core-1 derived O-glycans. 27874308 9 18 theme microbiome 1951:1960 arg1 regulation 1933:1942 host regulation 1928:1942 host regulation of the microbiome 1928:1960 Polymorphisms near C1galt1 (rs10486157) and its molecular chaperone, Cosmc (rs4825729), were associated with altered composition of the colonic mucosal microbiota, supporting the relevance of core-1 O-glycosylation to host regulation of the microbiome. 27874308 4 19 theme Tsyn 728:731 arg1 mice 733:736 Tsyn mice 728:736 Tsyn mice 728:736 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics demonstrated age-specific perturbations in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome of Tsyn mice compare with littermate controls at weeks 3 (disease onset), 5 (during remission), and 9 (after relapse). 27874308 8 20 from microbiome 1630:1639 arg1 cohort 1646:1651 a cohort 1644:1651 a cohort of 78 Crohn's disease patients and 101 healthy controls 1644:1707 We investigated whether genetic variation in C1galt1 correlated with the microbiome in a cohort of 78 Crohn's disease patients and 101 healthy controls. 27874308 5 21 theme FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ 898:913 arg1 cells 917:921 FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells 898:921 FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order 898:1106 Colitis remission corresponded to increased levels of FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order. 27874308 6 22 theme cells 1177:1181 arg1 expansion 1145:1153 marked expansion 1138:1153 marked expansion 1138:1153 Relapse was characterized by marked expansion of FoxP3-RORγt+CD4+ T cells expressing IFNγ and IL17A, which were associated with Clostridiales OTUs distinct from those negatively correlated with FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells. 27874308 0 23 theme genetic 64:70 arg1 model 78:82 a relapsing genetic mouse model 52:82 a relapsing genetic mouse model of colitis 52:93 Microbial, metabolomic, and immunologic dynamics in a relapsing genetic mouse model of colitis induced by T-synthase deficiency. 27874308 4 24 dep weeks 774:778 arg1 9 825:825 9 825:825 9 825:825 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics demonstrated age-specific perturbations in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome of Tsyn mice compare with littermate controls at weeks 3 (disease onset), 5 (during remission), and 9 (after relapse). 27874308 4 24 dep weeks 774:778 arg1 3 780:780 3 780:780 3 780:780 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics demonstrated age-specific perturbations in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome of Tsyn mice compare with littermate controls at weeks 3 (disease onset), 5 (during remission), and 9 (after relapse). 27874308 4 24 dep weeks 774:778 arg1 onset 791:795 disease onset 783:795 disease onset 783:795 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics demonstrated age-specific perturbations in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome of Tsyn mice compare with littermate controls at weeks 3 (disease onset), 5 (during remission), and 9 (after relapse). 27874308 4 24 dep weeks 774:778 arg1 5 799:799 5 799:799 5 799:799 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics demonstrated age-specific perturbations in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome of Tsyn mice compare with littermate controls at weeks 3 (disease onset), 5 (during remission), and 9 (after relapse). 27874308 5 25 theme lamina 938:943 arg1 propria 945:951 the colonic lamina propria 926:951 the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order 926:1106 Colitis remission corresponded to increased levels of FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order. 27874308 0 26 from dynamics 40:47 arg1 model 78:82 a relapsing genetic mouse model 52:82 a relapsing genetic mouse model of colitis 52:93 Microbial, metabolomic, and immunologic dynamics in a relapsing genetic mouse model of colitis induced by T-synthase deficiency. 27874308 4 27 theme disease 783:789 arg1 3 780:780 3 780:780 3 780:780 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics demonstrated age-specific perturbations in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome of Tsyn mice compare with littermate controls at weeks 3 (disease onset), 5 (during remission), and 9 (after relapse). 27874308 4 27 theme disease 783:789 arg1 onset 791:795 disease onset 783:795 disease onset 783:795 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics demonstrated age-specific perturbations in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome of Tsyn mice compare with littermate controls at weeks 3 (disease onset), 5 (during remission), and 9 (after relapse). 27874308 2 28 theme intestine-specific 373:390 arg1 deletion 392:399 intestine-specific deletion 373:399 intestine-specific deletion of C1galt1 (also known as T-synthase) (Tsyn mice) 373:449 We explored this question using mice with intestine-specific deletion of C1galt1 (also known as T-synthase) (Tsyn mice). 27874308 0 29 theme colitis 87:93 arg1 model 78:82 a relapsing genetic mouse model 52:82 a relapsing genetic mouse model of colitis 52:93 Microbial, metabolomic, and immunologic dynamics in a relapsing genetic mouse model of colitis induced by T-synthase deficiency. 27874308 4 30 theme littermate 751:760 arg1 controls 762:769 littermate controls 751:769 littermate controls 751:769 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics demonstrated age-specific perturbations in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome of Tsyn mice compare with littermate controls at weeks 3 (disease onset), 5 (during remission), and 9 (after relapse). 27874308 0 31 theme Microbial 0:8 arg1 dynamics 40:47 Microbial, metabolomic, and immunologic dynamics 0:47 Microbial, metabolomic, and immunologic dynamics in a relapsing genetic mouse model of colitis 0:93 Microbial, metabolomic, and immunologic dynamics in a relapsing genetic mouse model of colitis induced by T-synthase deficiency. 27874308 1 32 theme dynamic 249:255 arg1 changes 257:263 dynamic changes 249:263 dynamic changes in the microbiome 249:281 Intestinal dysbiosis is thought to confer susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but it is unknown whether dynamic changes in the microbiome contribute to fluctuations in disease activity. 27874308 5 33 theme cells 917:921 arg1 levels 888:893 increased levels 878:893 increased levels of FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order 878:1106 Colitis remission corresponded to increased levels of FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order. 27874308 7 34 from remission 1363:1371 arg1 model 1397:1401 the Tsyn model 1388:1401 the Tsyn model 1388:1401 Our findings suggest that colitis remission and relapse in the Tsyn model may reflect alterations in the microbiome due to reduced core-1 O-glycosylation that shift the balance of regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets. 27874308 0 35 theme metabolomic 11:21 arg1 dynamics 40:47 Microbial, metabolomic, and immunologic dynamics 0:47 Microbial, metabolomic, and immunologic dynamics in a relapsing genetic mouse model of colitis 0:93 Microbial, metabolomic, and immunologic dynamics in a relapsing genetic mouse model of colitis induced by T-synthase deficiency. 27874308 7 36 theme T 1541:1541 arg1 subsets 1548:1554 regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets 1509:1554 regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets 1509:1554 Our findings suggest that colitis remission and relapse in the Tsyn model may reflect alterations in the microbiome due to reduced core-1 O-glycosylation that shift the balance of regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets. 27874308 7 37 from relapse 1377:1383 arg1 model 1397:1401 the Tsyn model 1388:1401 the Tsyn model 1388:1401 Our findings suggest that colitis remission and relapse in the Tsyn model may reflect alterations in the microbiome due to reduced core-1 O-glycosylation that shift the balance of regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets. 27874308 1 38 theme Intestinal 129:138 arg1 dysbiosis 140:148 Intestinal dysbiosis 129:148 Intestinal dysbiosis 129:148 Intestinal dysbiosis is thought to confer susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but it is unknown whether dynamic changes in the microbiome contribute to fluctuations in disease activity. 27874308 5 39 theme taxonomic 1002:1010 arg1 OTUs 1019:1022 OTUs 1019:1022 OTUs 1019:1022 Colitis remission corresponded to increased levels of FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order. 27874308 5 39 theme taxonomic 1002:1010 arg1 units 1012:1016 operational taxonomic units 990:1016 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family 990:1043 Colitis remission corresponded to increased levels of FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order. 27874308 3 40 link derived 574:580 arg1 O-glycans 582:590 mucin core-1 derived O-glycans 561:590 mucin core-1 derived O-glycans 561:590 These mice develop spontaneous microbiota-dependent colitis with a remitting/relapsing course due to loss of mucin core-1 derived O-glycans. 27874308 9 41 theme colonic 1846:1852 arg1 microbiota 1862:1871 the colonic mucosal microbiota 1842:1871 the colonic mucosal microbiota 1842:1871 Polymorphisms near C1galt1 (rs10486157) and its molecular chaperone, Cosmc (rs4825729), were associated with altered composition of the colonic mucosal microbiota, supporting the relevance of core-1 O-glycosylation to host regulation of the microbiome. 27874308 3 42 theme microbiota-dependent 483:502 arg1 colitis 504:510 spontaneous microbiota-dependent colitis 471:510 spontaneous microbiota-dependent colitis with a remitting/relapsing course due to loss of mucin core-1 derived O-glycans 471:590 These mice develop spontaneous microbiota-dependent colitis with a remitting/relapsing course due to loss of mucin core-1 derived O-glycans. 27874308 5 43 from cells 917:921 arg1 propria 945:951 the colonic lamina propria 926:951 the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order 926:1106 Colitis remission corresponded to increased levels of FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order. 27874308 6 44 from those 1270:1274 arg1 distinct 1256:1263 distinct 1256:1263 distinct 1256:1263 Relapse was characterized by marked expansion of FoxP3-RORγt+CD4+ T cells expressing IFNγ and IL17A, which were associated with Clostridiales OTUs distinct from those negatively correlated with FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells. 27874308 9 45 theme altered 1819:1825 arg1 composition 1827:1837 altered composition 1819:1837 altered composition of the colonic mucosal microbiota 1819:1871 Polymorphisms near C1galt1 (rs10486157) and its molecular chaperone, Cosmc (rs4825729), were associated with altered composition of the colonic mucosal microbiota, supporting the relevance of core-1 O-glycosylation to host regulation of the microbiome. 27874308 2 46 with mice 363:366 arg1 deletion 392:399 intestine-specific deletion 373:399 intestine-specific deletion of C1galt1 (also known as T-synthase) (Tsyn mice) 373:449 We explored this question using mice with intestine-specific deletion of C1galt1 (also known as T-synthase) (Tsyn mice). 27874308 9 47 theme microbiota 1862:1871 arg1 composition 1827:1837 altered composition 1819:1837 altered composition of the colonic mucosal microbiota 1819:1871 Polymorphisms near C1galt1 (rs10486157) and its molecular chaperone, Cosmc (rs4825729), were associated with altered composition of the colonic mucosal microbiota, supporting the relevance of core-1 O-glycosylation to host regulation of the microbiome. 27874308 4 48 theme rRNA 597:600 arg1 sequencing 602:611 16S rRNA sequencing 593:611 16S rRNA sequencing 593:611 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics demonstrated age-specific perturbations in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome of Tsyn mice compare with littermate controls at weeks 3 (disease onset), 5 (during remission), and 9 (after relapse). 27874308 8 49 theme disease 1667:1673 arg1 patients 1675:1682 78 Crohn's disease patients 1656:1682 78 Crohn's disease patients 1656:1682 We investigated whether genetic variation in C1galt1 correlated with the microbiome in a cohort of 78 Crohn's disease patients and 101 healthy controls. 27874308 5 50 theme Clostridiales 1088:1100 arg1 order 1102:1106 the Clostridiales order 1084:1106 the Clostridiales order 1084:1106 Colitis remission corresponded to increased levels of FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order. 27874308 7 51 theme core-1 1460:1465 arg1 O-glycosylation 1467:1481 reduced core-1 O-glycosylation 1452:1481 reduced core-1 O-glycosylation 1452:1481 Our findings suggest that colitis remission and relapse in the Tsyn model may reflect alterations in the microbiome due to reduced core-1 O-glycosylation that shift the balance of regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets. 27874308 3 52 theme remitting/relapsing 519:537 arg1 course 539:544 a remitting/relapsing course 517:544 a remitting/relapsing course due to loss of mucin core-1 derived O-glycans 517:590 These mice develop spontaneous microbiota-dependent colitis with a remitting/relapsing course due to loss of mucin core-1 derived O-glycans. 27874308 8 53 theme healthy 1692:1698 arg1 controls 1700:1707 101 healthy controls 1688:1707 101 healthy controls 1688:1707 We investigated whether genetic variation in C1galt1 correlated with the microbiome in a cohort of 78 Crohn's disease patients and 101 healthy controls. 27874308 6 54 theme marked 1138:1143 arg1 expansion 1145:1153 marked expansion 1138:1153 marked expansion 1138:1153 Relapse was characterized by marked expansion of FoxP3-RORγt+CD4+ T cells expressing IFNγ and IL17A, which were associated with Clostridiales OTUs distinct from those negatively correlated with FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells. 27874308 9 55 theme core-1 1902:1907 arg1 O-glycosylation 1909:1923 core-1 O-glycosylation 1902:1923 core-1 O-glycosylation 1902:1923 Polymorphisms near C1galt1 (rs10486157) and its molecular chaperone, Cosmc (rs4825729), were associated with altered composition of the colonic mucosal microbiota, supporting the relevance of core-1 O-glycosylation to host regulation of the microbiome. 27874308 4 56 theme age-specific 654:665 arg1 perturbations 667:679 age-specific perturbations 654:679 age-specific perturbations in the intestinal microbiome 654:708 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics demonstrated age-specific perturbations in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome of Tsyn mice compare with littermate controls at weeks 3 (disease onset), 5 (during remission), and 9 (after relapse). 27874308 3 57 dep derived 574:580 arg1 core-1 567:572 mucin core-1 561:572 mucin core-1 561:572 These mice develop spontaneous microbiota-dependent colitis with a remitting/relapsing course due to loss of mucin core-1 derived O-glycans. 27874308 0 58 theme T-synthase 106:115 arg1 deficiency 117:126 T-synthase deficiency 106:126 T-synthase deficiency 106:126 Microbial, metabolomic, and immunologic dynamics in a relapsing genetic mouse model of colitis induced by T-synthase deficiency. 27874308 3 59 theme due 546:548 arg1 course 539:544 a remitting/relapsing course 517:544 a remitting/relapsing course due to loss of mucin core-1 derived O-glycans 517:590 These mice develop spontaneous microbiota-dependent colitis with a remitting/relapsing course due to loss of mucin core-1 derived O-glycans. 27874308 1 60 theme inflammatory 189:200 arg1 IBD 217:219 IBD 217:219 IBD 217:219 Intestinal dysbiosis is thought to confer susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but it is unknown whether dynamic changes in the microbiome contribute to fluctuations in disease activity. 27874308 1 60 theme inflammatory 189:200 arg1 disease 208:214 inflammatory bowel disease 189:214 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 189:220 Intestinal dysbiosis is thought to confer susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but it is unknown whether dynamic changes in the microbiome contribute to fluctuations in disease activity. 27874308 7 61 theme Tsyn 1392:1395 arg1 model 1397:1401 the Tsyn model 1388:1401 the Tsyn model 1388:1401 Our findings suggest that colitis remission and relapse in the Tsyn model may reflect alterations in the microbiome due to reduced core-1 O-glycosylation that shift the balance of regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets. 27874308 3 62 theme derived 574:580 arg1 O-glycans 582:590 mucin core-1 derived O-glycans 561:590 mucin core-1 derived O-glycans 561:590 These mice develop spontaneous microbiota-dependent colitis with a remitting/relapsing course due to loss of mucin core-1 derived O-glycans. 27874308 6 63 theme FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ 1303:1318 arg1 cells 1322:1326 FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells 1303:1326 FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells 1303:1326 Relapse was characterized by marked expansion of FoxP3-RORγt+CD4+ T cells expressing IFNγ and IL17A, which were associated with Clostridiales OTUs distinct from those negatively correlated with FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells. 27874308 3 64 theme mucin 561:565 arg1 core-1 567:572 mucin core-1 561:572 mucin core-1 561:572 These mice develop spontaneous microbiota-dependent colitis with a remitting/relapsing course due to loss of mucin core-1 derived O-glycans. 27874308 4 65 from metabolome 714:723 arg1 microbiome 699:708 the intestinal microbiome 684:708 the intestinal microbiome 684:708 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics demonstrated age-specific perturbations in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome of Tsyn mice compare with littermate controls at weeks 3 (disease onset), 5 (during remission), and 9 (after relapse). 27874308 5 66 theme increased 878:886 arg1 levels 888:893 increased levels 878:893 increased levels of FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order 878:1106 Colitis remission corresponded to increased levels of FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order. 27874308 7 67 theme colitis 1355:1361 arg1 remission 1363:1371 colitis remission 1355:1371 colitis remission 1355:1371 Our findings suggest that colitis remission and relapse in the Tsyn model may reflect alterations in the microbiome due to reduced core-1 O-glycosylation that shift the balance of regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets. 27874308 4 68 theme mice 733:736 arg1 perturbations 667:679 age-specific perturbations 654:679 age-specific perturbations in the intestinal microbiome 654:708 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics demonstrated age-specific perturbations in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome of Tsyn mice compare with littermate controls at weeks 3 (disease onset), 5 (during remission), and 9 (after relapse). 27874308 4 68 theme mice 733:736 arg1 metabolome 714:723 metabolome 714:723 metabolome of Tsyn mice compare with littermate controls at weeks 3 (disease onset), 5 (during remission), and 9 (after relapse) 714:841 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics demonstrated age-specific perturbations in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome of Tsyn mice compare with littermate controls at weeks 3 (disease onset), 5 (during remission), and 9 (after relapse). 27874308 0 69 theme relapsing 54:62 arg1 model 78:82 a relapsing genetic mouse model 52:82 a relapsing genetic mouse model of colitis 52:93 Microbial, metabolomic, and immunologic dynamics in a relapsing genetic mouse model of colitis induced by T-synthase deficiency. 27874308 5 70 theme Colitis 844:850 arg1 remission 852:860 Colitis remission 844:860 Colitis remission 844:860 Colitis remission corresponded to increased levels of FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order. 27874308 6 71 theme T 1175:1175 arg1 cells 1177:1181 FoxP3-RORγt+CD4+ T cells 1158:1181 FoxP3-RORγt+CD4+ T cells expressing IFNγ and IL17A 1158:1207 Relapse was characterized by marked expansion of FoxP3-RORγt+CD4+ T cells expressing IFNγ and IL17A, which were associated with Clostridiales OTUs distinct from those negatively correlated with FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells. 27874308 4 72 theme intestinal 688:697 arg1 microbiome 699:708 the intestinal microbiome 684:708 the intestinal microbiome 684:708 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics demonstrated age-specific perturbations in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome of Tsyn mice compare with littermate controls at weeks 3 (disease onset), 5 (during remission), and 9 (after relapse). 27874308 4 73 dep metabolome 714:723 arg1 compare 738:744 compare 738:744 compare with littermate controls at weeks 3 (disease onset), 5 (during remission), and 9 (after relapse) 738:841 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics demonstrated age-specific perturbations in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome of Tsyn mice compare with littermate controls at weeks 3 (disease onset), 5 (during remission), and 9 (after relapse). 27874308 0 74 theme mouse 72:76 arg1 model 78:82 a relapsing genetic mouse model 52:82 a relapsing genetic mouse model of colitis 52:93 Microbial, metabolomic, and immunologic dynamics in a relapsing genetic mouse model of colitis induced by T-synthase deficiency. 27874308 1 75 theme disease 313:319 arg1 activity 321:328 disease activity 313:328 disease activity 313:328 Intestinal dysbiosis is thought to confer susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but it is unknown whether dynamic changes in the microbiome contribute to fluctuations in disease activity. 27874308 7 76 from alterations 1415:1425 arg1 microbiome 1434:1443 the microbiome 1430:1443 the microbiome due to reduced core-1 O-glycosylation 1430:1481 Our findings suggest that colitis remission and relapse in the Tsyn model may reflect alterations in the microbiome due to reduced core-1 O-glycosylation that shift the balance of regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets. 27874308 9 77 theme molecular 1758:1766 arg1 Cosmc 1779:1783 Cosmc (rs4825729) 1779:1795 Cosmc (rs4825729) 1779:1795 Polymorphisms near C1galt1 (rs10486157) and its molecular chaperone, Cosmc (rs4825729), were associated with altered composition of the colonic mucosal microbiota, supporting the relevance of core-1 O-glycosylation to host regulation of the microbiome. 27874308 9 77 theme molecular 1758:1766 arg1 chaperone 1768:1776 its molecular chaperone 1754:1776 its molecular chaperone 1754:1776 Polymorphisms near C1galt1 (rs10486157) and its molecular chaperone, Cosmc (rs4825729), were associated with altered composition of the colonic mucosal microbiota, supporting the relevance of core-1 O-glycosylation to host regulation of the microbiome. 27874308 5 78 theme colonic 930:936 arg1 propria 945:951 the colonic lamina propria 926:951 the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order 926:1106 Colitis remission corresponded to increased levels of FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order. 27874308 7 79 theme subsets 1548:1554 arg1 balance 1498:1504 the balance 1494:1504 the balance of regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets 1494:1554 Our findings suggest that colitis remission and relapse in the Tsyn model may reflect alterations in the microbiome due to reduced core-1 O-glycosylation that shift the balance of regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets. 27874308 2 80 dep known 418:422 arg1 also 413:416 also 413:416 also 413:416 We explored this question using mice with intestine-specific deletion of C1galt1 (also known as T-synthase) (Tsyn mice). 27874308 5 81 from OTUs 1076:1079 arg1 order 1102:1106 the Clostridiales order 1084:1106 the Clostridiales order 1084:1106 Colitis remission corresponded to increased levels of FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order. 27874308 5 82 theme T 915:915 arg1 cells 917:921 FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells 898:921 FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order 898:1106 Colitis remission corresponded to increased levels of FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order. 27874308 5 83 from levels 888:893 arg1 propria 945:951 the colonic lamina propria 926:951 the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order 926:1106 Colitis remission corresponded to increased levels of FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order. 27874308 2 84 theme C1galt1 404:410 arg1 deletion 392:399 intestine-specific deletion 373:399 intestine-specific deletion of C1galt1 (also known as T-synthase) (Tsyn mice) 373:449 We explored this question using mice with intestine-specific deletion of C1galt1 (also known as T-synthase) (Tsyn mice). 27874308 0 85 theme immunologic 28:38 arg1 dynamics 40:47 Microbial, metabolomic, and immunologic dynamics 0:47 Microbial, metabolomic, and immunologic dynamics in a relapsing genetic mouse model of colitis 0:93 Microbial, metabolomic, and immunologic dynamics in a relapsing genetic mouse model of colitis induced by T-synthase deficiency. 27874308 7 86 theme cell 1543:1546 arg1 subsets 1548:1554 regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets 1509:1554 regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets 1509:1554 Our findings suggest that colitis remission and relapse in the Tsyn model may reflect alterations in the microbiome due to reduced core-1 O-glycosylation that shift the balance of regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets. 27874308 5 87 theme operational 990:1000 arg1 OTUs 1019:1022 OTUs 1019:1022 OTUs 1019:1022 Colitis remission corresponded to increased levels of FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order. 27874308 5 87 theme operational 990:1000 arg1 units 1012:1016 operational taxonomic units 990:1016 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family 990:1043 Colitis remission corresponded to increased levels of FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order. 27874308 2 88 theme Tsyn 440:443 arg1 C1galt1 404:410 C1galt1 404:410 C1galt1 (also known as T-synthase) (Tsyn mice) 404:449 We explored this question using mice with intestine-specific deletion of C1galt1 (also known as T-synthase) (Tsyn mice). 27874308 2 88 theme Tsyn 440:443 arg1 mice 445:448 Tsyn mice 440:448 Tsyn mice 440:448 We explored this question using mice with intestine-specific deletion of C1galt1 (also known as T-synthase) (Tsyn mice). 27874308 8 89 theme genetic 1581:1587 arg1 variation 1589:1597 genetic variation 1581:1597 genetic variation in C1galt1 1581:1608 We investigated whether genetic variation in C1galt1 correlated with the microbiome in a cohort of 78 Crohn's disease patients and 101 healthy controls. 27874308 7 90 theme pro-inflammatory 1524:1539 arg1 subsets 1548:1554 regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets 1509:1554 regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets 1509:1554 Our findings suggest that colitis remission and relapse in the Tsyn model may reflect alterations in the microbiome due to reduced core-1 O-glycosylation that shift the balance of regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets. 27874308 2 91 dep C1galt1 404:410 arg1 known 418:422 known 418:422 known as T-synthase 418:436 We explored this question using mice with intestine-specific deletion of C1galt1 (also known as T-synthase) (Tsyn mice). 27874308 7 92 theme regulatory 1509:1518 arg1 subsets 1548:1554 regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets 1509:1554 regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets 1509:1554 Our findings suggest that colitis remission and relapse in the Tsyn model may reflect alterations in the microbiome due to reduced core-1 O-glycosylation that shift the balance of regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets. 27874308 4 93 theme 16S 593:595 arg1 sequencing 602:611 16S rRNA sequencing 593:611 16S rRNA sequencing 593:611 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics demonstrated age-specific perturbations in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome of Tsyn mice compare with littermate controls at weeks 3 (disease onset), 5 (during remission), and 9 (after relapse). 27874308 5 94 from propria 945:951 arg1 levels 888:893 increased levels 878:893 increased levels of FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order 878:1106 Colitis remission corresponded to increased levels of FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order. 27874308 9 95 theme mucosal 1854:1860 arg1 microbiota 1862:1871 the colonic mucosal microbiota 1842:1871 the colonic mucosal microbiota 1842:1871 Polymorphisms near C1galt1 (rs10486157) and its molecular chaperone, Cosmc (rs4825729), were associated with altered composition of the colonic mucosal microbiota, supporting the relevance of core-1 O-glycosylation to host regulation of the microbiome. 27874308 8 96 theme patients 1675:1682 arg1 cohort 1646:1651 a cohort 1644:1651 a cohort of 78 Crohn's disease patients and 101 healthy controls 1644:1707 We investigated whether genetic variation in C1galt1 correlated with the microbiome in a cohort of 78 Crohn's disease patients and 101 healthy controls. 27129214 0 0 theme O-Linked 70:77 arg1 OGT 112:114 OGT 112:114 OGT 112:114 Human RNA Polymerase II Promoter Recruitment in Vitro Is Regulated by O-Linked N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase (OGT). 27129214 0 0 theme O-Linked 70:77 arg1 N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase 79:109 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase 70:109 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase (OGT) 70:115 Human RNA Polymerase II Promoter Recruitment in Vitro Is Regulated by O-Linked N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase (OGT). 27129214 1 1 theme species 303:309 arg1 function 259:266 the function 255:266 the function of this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species 255:309 Although the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain was described 20 years ago, the function of this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species is not known. 27129214 3 2 theme pol 673:675 arg1 promoter 680:687 RNA pol II promoter 669:687 RNA pol II promoter recruitment 669:699 These data indicate that O-GlcNAc-transferase activity is essential for RNA pol II promoter recruitment and that pol II goes through a cycling of O-GlcNAcylation at the promoter. 27129214 5 3 theme polymerase 1199:1208 arg1 species 1184:1190 a previously ill-defined species 1159:1190 a previously ill-defined species of RNA polymerase II 1159:1211 These data provide unexpected and important insights into the role of a previously ill-defined species of RNA polymerase II in regulating transcription. 27129214 4 4 theme transcription 912:924 arg1 IIH 933:935 transcription factor IIH 912:935 transcription factor IIH 912:935 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 2 5 theme pol 488:490 arg1 entry 495:499 pol II entry 488:499 pol II entry into the promoter 488:517 We show here that an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) exists on promoters in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation prevents pol II entry into the promoter, and O-GlcNAc removal from pol II is an ATP-dependent step during initiation. 27129214 4 6 theme initiation 994:1003 arg1 events 1063:1068 initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events 994:1068 initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation 994:1086 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 2 7 dep in 406:407 arg1 vitro 409:413 vitro 409:413 vitro 409:413 We show here that an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) exists on promoters in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation prevents pol II entry into the promoter, and O-GlcNAc removal from pol II is an ATP-dependent step during initiation. 27129214 1 8 theme O-linked 131:138 arg1 O-GlcNAc 161:168 O-GlcNAc 161:168 O-GlcNAc 161:168 Although the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain was described 20 years ago, the function of this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species is not known. 27129214 1 8 theme O-linked 131:138 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 140:158 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 131:158 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain 127:225 Although the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain was described 20 years ago, the function of this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species is not known. 27129214 2 9 theme O-GlcNAcylation 463:477 arg1 Inhibition 415:424 in vitro Inhibition 406:424 in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation 406:477 We show here that an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) exists on promoters in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation prevents pol II entry into the promoter, and O-GlcNAc removal from pol II is an ATP-dependent step during initiation. 27129214 3 10 theme promoter 680:687 arg1 recruitment 689:699 RNA pol II promoter recruitment 669:699 RNA pol II promoter recruitment 669:699 These data indicate that O-GlcNAc-transferase activity is essential for RNA pol II promoter recruitment and that pol II goes through a cycling of O-GlcNAcylation at the promoter. 27129214 2 11 theme O-GlcNAcylated 346:359 arg1 IIγ 381:383 pol IIγ 377:383 pol IIγ 377:383 We show here that an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) exists on promoters in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation prevents pol II entry into the promoter, and O-GlcNAc removal from pol II is an ATP-dependent step during initiation. 27129214 2 11 theme O-GlcNAcylated 346:359 arg1 pol 361:363 an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) 343:384 an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) 343:384 We show here that an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) exists on promoters in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation prevents pol II entry into the promoter, and O-GlcNAc removal from pol II is an ATP-dependent step during initiation. 27129214 5 12 theme ill-defined 1172:1182 arg1 species 1184:1190 a previously ill-defined species 1159:1190 a previously ill-defined species of RNA polymerase II 1159:1211 These data provide unexpected and important insights into the role of a previously ill-defined species of RNA polymerase II in regulating transcription. 27129214 3 13 theme RNA 669:671 arg1 promoter 680:687 RNA pol II promoter 669:687 RNA pol II promoter recruitment 669:699 These data indicate that O-GlcNAc-transferase activity is essential for RNA pol II promoter recruitment and that pol II goes through a cycling of O-GlcNAcylation at the promoter. 27129214 2 14 theme ATP-dependent 559:571 arg1 removal 533:539 O-GlcNAc removal 524:539 O-GlcNAc removal from pol II 524:551 We show here that an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) exists on promoters in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation prevents pol II entry into the promoter, and O-GlcNAc removal from pol II is an ATP-dependent step during initiation. 27129214 2 14 theme ATP-dependent 559:571 arg1 step 573:576 an ATP-dependent step 556:576 an ATP-dependent step during initiation 556:594 We show here that an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) exists on promoters in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation prevents pol II entry into the promoter, and O-GlcNAc removal from pol II is an ATP-dependent step during initiation. 27129214 4 15 theme -dependent 944:953 arg1 phosphorylation 964:978 the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation 908:978 the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation 908:1086 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 0 16 theme RNA 6:8 arg1 Polymerase 10:19 Human RNA Polymerase II 0:22 Human RNA Polymerase II Promoter Recruitment in Vitro 0:52 Human RNA Polymerase II Promoter Recruitment in Vitro Is Regulated by O-Linked N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase (OGT). 27129214 2 17 from pol 546:548 arg1 removal 533:539 O-GlcNAc removal 524:539 O-GlcNAc removal from pol II 524:551 We show here that an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) exists on promoters in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation prevents pol II entry into the promoter, and O-GlcNAc removal from pol II is an ATP-dependent step during initiation. 27129214 2 17 from pol 546:548 arg1 step 573:576 an ATP-dependent step 556:576 an ATP-dependent step during initiation 556:594 We show here that an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) exists on promoters in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation prevents pol II entry into the promoter, and O-GlcNAc removal from pol II is an ATP-dependent step during initiation. 27129214 4 18 theme serine 805:810 arg1 domain 854:859 the pol II C-terminal domain 832:859 the pol II C-terminal domain 832:859 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 4 18 theme serine 805:810 arg1 residues 812:819 serine residues 2 and 5 805:827 residues 812:819 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 0 19 theme Human 0:4 arg1 Polymerase 10:19 Human RNA Polymerase II 0:22 Human RNA Polymerase II Promoter Recruitment in Vitro 0:52 Human RNA Polymerase II Promoter Recruitment in Vitro Is Regulated by O-Linked N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase (OGT). 27129214 4 20 dep -dependent 944:953 arg1 IIH 933:935 transcription factor IIH 912:935 transcription factor IIH 912:935 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 4 21 theme factor 1053:1058 arg1 b 1060:1060 positive transcriptional elongation factor b 1017:1060 positive transcriptional elongation factor b 1017:1060 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 4 21 theme factor 1053:1058 arg1 initiation 994:1003 initiation 994:1003 initiation 994:1003 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 1 22 theme RNA 191:193 arg1 polymerase 195:204 RNA polymerase II 191:207 the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain 187:225 Although the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain was described 20 years ago, the function of this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species is not known. 27129214 4 23 theme phosphorylation 964:978 arg1 events 980:985 the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events 908:985 the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation 908:1086 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 5 24 theme important 1123:1131 arg1 insights 1133:1140 unexpected and important insights 1108:1140 unexpected and important insights into the role of a previously ill-defined species of RNA polymerase II in regulating transcription 1108:1239 These data provide unexpected and important insights into the role of a previously ill-defined species of RNA polymerase II in regulating transcription. 27129214 4 25 theme domain 854:859 arg1 domain 854:859 the pol II C-terminal domain 832:859 the pol II C-terminal domain 832:859 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 4 25 theme domain 854:859 arg1 residues 812:819 serine residues 2 and 5 805:827 residues 812:819 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 4 26 theme elongation 1042:1051 arg1 b 1060:1060 positive transcriptional elongation factor b 1017:1060 positive transcriptional elongation factor b 1017:1060 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 4 26 theme elongation 1042:1051 arg1 initiation 994:1003 initiation 994:1003 initiation 994:1003 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 1 27 theme polymerase 195:204 arg1 domain 220:225 the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain 187:225 the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain 187:225 Although the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain was described 20 years ago, the function of this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species is not known. 27129214 2 28 theme pol 377:379 arg1 IIγ 381:383 pol IIγ 377:383 pol IIγ 377:383 We show here that an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) exists on promoters in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation prevents pol II entry into the promoter, and O-GlcNAc removal from pol II is an ATP-dependent step during initiation. 27129214 2 28 theme pol 377:379 arg1 pol 361:363 an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) 343:384 an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) 343:384 We show here that an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) exists on promoters in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation prevents pol II entry into the promoter, and O-GlcNAc removal from pol II is an ATP-dependent step during initiation. 27129214 1 29 theme RNA 276:278 arg1 polymerase 280:289 RNA polymerase II 276:292 this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species 271:309 Although the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain was described 20 years ago, the function of this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species is not known. 27129214 1 29 theme RNA 276:278 arg1 II 299:300 pol II 295:300 pol II 295:300 Although the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain was described 20 years ago, the function of this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species is not known. 27129214 3 30 from promoter 766:773 arg1 cycling 732:738 a cycling 730:738 a cycling of O-GlcNAcylation at the promoter 730:773 These data indicate that O-GlcNAc-transferase activity is essential for RNA pol II promoter recruitment and that pol II goes through a cycling of O-GlcNAcylation at the promoter. 27129214 2 31 theme in 406:407 arg1 Inhibition 415:424 in vitro Inhibition 406:424 in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation 406:477 We show here that an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) exists on promoters in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation prevents pol II entry into the promoter, and O-GlcNAc removal from pol II is an ATP-dependent step during initiation. 27129214 1 32 theme polymerase 280:289 arg1 species 303:309 this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species 271:309 this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species 271:309 Although the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain was described 20 years ago, the function of this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species is not known. 27129214 1 33 theme C-terminal 209:218 arg1 domain 220:225 the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain 187:225 the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain 187:225 Although the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain was described 20 years ago, the function of this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species is not known. 27129214 0 34 theme Promoter 24:31 arg1 Recruitment 33:43 Human RNA Polymerase II Promoter Recruitment 0:43 Human RNA Polymerase II Promoter Recruitment in Vitro 0:52 Human RNA Polymerase II Promoter Recruitment in Vitro Is Regulated by O-Linked N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase (OGT). 27129214 2 35 theme II 492:493 arg1 entry 495:499 pol II entry 488:499 pol II entry into the promoter 488:517 We show here that an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) exists on promoters in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation prevents pol II entry into the promoter, and O-GlcNAc removal from pol II is an ATP-dependent step during initiation. 27129214 2 36 dep pol 361:363 arg1 species 368:374 species 368:374 an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) 343:384 We show here that an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) exists on promoters in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation prevents pol II entry into the promoter, and O-GlcNAc removal from pol II is an ATP-dependent step during initiation. 27129214 1 37 theme domain 220:225 arg1 modification 171:182 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 127:182 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain 127:225 Although the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain was described 20 years ago, the function of this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species is not known. 27129214 2 38 theme O-GlcNAc 524:531 arg1 removal 533:539 O-GlcNAc removal 524:539 O-GlcNAc removal from pol II 524:551 We show here that an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) exists on promoters in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation prevents pol II entry into the promoter, and O-GlcNAc removal from pol II is an ATP-dependent step during initiation. 27129214 2 38 theme O-GlcNAc 524:531 arg1 step 573:576 an ATP-dependent step 556:576 an ATP-dependent step during initiation 556:594 We show here that an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) exists on promoters in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation prevents pol II entry into the promoter, and O-GlcNAc removal from pol II is an ATP-dependent step during initiation. 27129214 4 39 theme Mass 776:779 arg1 spectrometry 781:792 Mass spectrometry 776:792 Mass spectrometry 776:792 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 1 40 theme pol 295:297 arg1 polymerase 280:289 RNA polymerase II 276:292 this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species 271:309 Although the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain was described 20 years ago, the function of this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species is not known. 27129214 1 40 theme pol 295:297 arg1 II 299:300 pol II 295:300 pol II 295:300 Although the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain was described 20 years ago, the function of this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species is not known. 27129214 1 41 link O-linked 131:138 arg1 O-GlcNAc 161:168 O-GlcNAc 161:168 O-GlcNAc 161:168 Although the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain was described 20 years ago, the function of this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species is not known. 27129214 1 41 link O-linked 131:138 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 140:158 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 131:158 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain 127:225 Although the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain was described 20 years ago, the function of this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species is not known. 27129214 5 42 theme unexpected 1108:1117 arg1 insights 1133:1140 unexpected and important insights 1108:1140 unexpected and important insights into the role of a previously ill-defined species of RNA polymerase II in regulating transcription 1108:1239 These data provide unexpected and important insights into the role of a previously ill-defined species of RNA polymerase II in regulating transcription. 27129214 3 43 theme O-GlcNAc-transferase 622:641 arg1 activity 643:650 O-GlcNAc-transferase activity 622:650 O-GlcNAc-transferase activity 622:650 These data indicate that O-GlcNAc-transferase activity is essential for RNA pol II promoter recruitment and that pol II goes through a cycling of O-GlcNAcylation at the promoter. 27129214 4 44 theme P-TEFb 1009:1014 arg1 events 1063:1068 initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events 994:1068 initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation 994:1086 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 3 45 theme O-GlcNAcylation 743:757 arg1 cycling 732:738 a cycling 730:738 a cycling of O-GlcNAcylation at the promoter 730:773 These data indicate that O-GlcNAc-transferase activity is essential for RNA pol II promoter recruitment and that pol II goes through a cycling of O-GlcNAcylation at the promoter. 27129214 4 46 theme pol 836:838 arg1 domain 854:859 the pol II C-terminal domain 832:859 the pol II C-terminal domain 832:859 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 1 47 mod modification 171:182 arg3 N-acetylglucosamine 140:158 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 131:158 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain 127:225 Although the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain was described 20 years ago, the function of this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species is not known. 27129214 1 47 mod modification 171:182 arg3 O-GlcNAc 161:168 O-GlcNAc 161:168 O-GlcNAc 161:168 Although the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain was described 20 years ago, the function of this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species is not known. 27129214 1 47 mod modification 171:182 arg1 domain 220:225 the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain 187:225 the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain 187:225 Although the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain was described 20 years ago, the function of this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species is not known. 27129214 4 48 theme transcriptional 1026:1040 arg1 b 1060:1060 positive transcriptional elongation factor b 1017:1060 positive transcriptional elongation factor b 1017:1060 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 4 48 theme transcriptional 1026:1040 arg1 initiation 994:1003 initiation 994:1003 initiation 994:1003 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 4 49 theme C-terminal 843:852 arg1 domain 854:859 the pol II C-terminal domain 832:859 the pol II C-terminal domain 832:859 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 2 50 theme activity 450:457 arg1 Inhibition 415:424 in vitro Inhibition 406:424 in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation 406:477 We show here that an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) exists on promoters in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation prevents pol II entry into the promoter, and O-GlcNAc removal from pol II is an ATP-dependent step during initiation. 27129214 1 51 theme N-acetylglucosamine 140:158 arg1 modification 171:182 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 127:182 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain 127:225 Although the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain was described 20 years ago, the function of this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species is not known. 27129214 4 52 theme positive 1017:1024 arg1 b 1060:1060 positive transcriptional elongation factor b 1017:1060 positive transcriptional elongation factor b 1017:1060 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 4 52 theme positive 1017:1024 arg1 initiation 994:1003 initiation 994:1003 initiation 994:1003 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 5 53 theme species 1184:1190 arg1 role 1151:1154 the role 1147:1154 the role of a previously ill-defined species of RNA polymerase II in regulating transcription 1147:1239 These data provide unexpected and important insights into the role of a previously ill-defined species of RNA polymerase II in regulating transcription. 27129214 2 54 theme O-GlcNAc-transferase 429:448 arg1 activity 450:457 O-GlcNAc-transferase activity 429:457 O-GlcNAc-transferase activity 429:457 We show here that an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) exists on promoters in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation prevents pol II entry into the promoter, and O-GlcNAc removal from pol II is an ATP-dependent step during initiation. 27129214 4 55 theme factor 926:931 arg1 IIH 933:935 transcription factor IIH 912:935 transcription factor IIH 912:935 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 0 56 theme Polymerase 10:19 arg1 Recruitment 33:43 Human RNA Polymerase II Promoter Recruitment 0:43 Human RNA Polymerase II Promoter Recruitment in Vitro 0:52 Human RNA Polymerase II Promoter Recruitment in Vitro Is Regulated by O-Linked N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase (OGT). 27129214 4 57 theme serine 955:960 arg1 phosphorylation 964:978 the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation 908:978 the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation 908:1086 Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. 27129214 5 58 theme RNA 1195:1197 arg1 polymerase 1199:1208 RNA polymerase II 1195:1211 RNA polymerase II 1195:1211 These data provide unexpected and important insights into the role of a previously ill-defined species of RNA polymerase II in regulating transcription. 25912046 7 0 theme other 1482:1486 arg1 proteins 1515:1522 other metazoan biomineralization proteins 1482:1522 other metazoan biomineralization proteins 1482:1522 We can also detect some M. venosa proteins that display significant sequence similarity to other metazoan biomineralization proteins, suggesting that some elements of the brachiopod shell-forming proteome are deeply evolutionarily conserved. 25912046 4 1 theme shell 903:907 arg1 formation 909:917 brachiopod shell formation 892:917 brachiopod shell formation 892:917 The information content of these biomolecules, sequestered within the shell during its construction, has the potential to inform hypotheses focused on describing how brachiopod shell formation evolved. 25912046 0 2 theme Shell 73:77 arg1 Evolution 79:87 Brachiopod Shell Evolution 62:87 Brachiopod Shell Evolution 62:87 The Magellania venosa Biomineralizing Proteome: A Window into Brachiopod Shell Evolution. 25912046 3 3 theme material 705:712 arg1 properties 714:723 their material properties 699:723 their material properties 699:723 The brachiopod shell is a composite material primarily composed of either calcite or calcium phosphate in close association with proteins and polysaccharides which give these composite structures their material properties. 25912046 4 4 theme brachiopod 892:901 arg1 formation 909:917 brachiopod shell formation 892:917 brachiopod shell formation 892:917 The information content of these biomolecules, sequestered within the shell during its construction, has the potential to inform hypotheses focused on describing how brachiopod shell formation evolved. 25912046 3 5 theme brachiopod 507:516 arg1 material 539:546 a composite material 527:546 a composite material primarily composed of either calcite or calcium phosphate in close association with proteins and polysaccharides which give these composite structures their material properties 527:723 The brachiopod shell is a composite material primarily composed of either calcite or calcium phosphate in close association with proteins and polysaccharides which give these composite structures their material properties. 25912046 3 5 theme brachiopod 507:516 arg1 shell 518:522 The brachiopod shell 503:522 The brachiopod shell 503:522 The brachiopod shell is a composite material primarily composed of either calcite or calcium phosphate in close association with proteins and polysaccharides which give these composite structures their material properties. 25912046 8 6 theme invertebrates 1770:1782 arg1 shells 1744:1749 the shells 1740:1749 the shells of other spiralian invertebrates (such as mollusks) 1740:1801 We also employed a variety of preparation methods to isolate shell proteins and find that in comparison to the shells of other spiralian invertebrates (such as mollusks) the shell ultrastructure of M. venosa may explain the effects these preparation strategies have on our results. 25912046 6 7 attach present 1240:1246 arg1 shell 1255:1259 the shell 1251:1259 the shell 1251:1259 We find that the seven most abundant proteins present in the shell are unique to M. venosa, but that these proteins display biochemical features found in other metazoan biomineralization proteins. 25912046 6 7 attach present 1240:1246 arg2 proteins 1231:1238 the seven most abundant proteins 1207:1238 the seven most abundant proteins present in the shell 1207:1259 We find that the seven most abundant proteins present in the shell are unique to M. venosa, but that these proteins display biochemical features found in other metazoan biomineralization proteins. 25912046 6 7 attach present 1240:1246 arg2 unique 1265:1270 unique 1265:1270 unique 1265:1270 We find that the seven most abundant proteins present in the shell are unique to M. venosa, but that these proteins display biochemical features found in other metazoan biomineralization proteins. 25912046 8 8 theme preparation 1871:1881 arg1 strategies 1883:1892 these preparation strategies 1865:1892 these preparation strategies 1865:1892 We also employed a variety of preparation methods to isolate shell proteins and find that in comparison to the shells of other spiralian invertebrates (such as mollusks) the shell ultrastructure of M. venosa may explain the effects these preparation strategies have on our results. 25912046 6 9 theme present 1240:1246 arg1 proteins 1231:1238 the seven most abundant proteins 1207:1238 the seven most abundant proteins present in the shell 1207:1259 We find that the seven most abundant proteins present in the shell are unique to M. venosa, but that these proteins display biochemical features found in other metazoan biomineralization proteins. 25912046 6 9 theme present 1240:1246 arg1 unique 1265:1270 unique 1265:1270 unique 1265:1270 We find that the seven most abundant proteins present in the shell are unique to M. venosa, but that these proteins display biochemical features found in other metazoan biomineralization proteins. 25912046 6 10 from shell 1255:1259 arg1 present 1240:1246 present 1240:1246 present 1240:1246 We find that the seven most abundant proteins present in the shell are unique to M. venosa, but that these proteins display biochemical features found in other metazoan biomineralization proteins. 25912046 7 11 theme sequence 1459:1466 arg1 similarity 1468:1477 significant sequence similarity 1447:1477 significant sequence similarity to other metazoan biomineralization proteins 1447:1522 We can also detect some M. venosa proteins that display significant sequence similarity to other metazoan biomineralization proteins, suggesting that some elements of the brachiopod shell-forming proteome are deeply evolutionarily conserved. 25912046 7 12 theme biomineralization 1497:1513 arg1 proteins 1515:1522 other metazoan biomineralization proteins 1482:1522 other metazoan biomineralization proteins 1482:1522 We can also detect some M. venosa proteins that display significant sequence similarity to other metazoan biomineralization proteins, suggesting that some elements of the brachiopod shell-forming proteome are deeply evolutionarily conserved. 25912046 2 13 theme paleontologists 263:277 arg1 attention 250:258 the attention 246:258 the attention of paleontologists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists 246:315 Although the quality of this fossil record attracts the attention of paleontologists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists, modern day brachiopods are also of interest to evolutionary biologists due to their potential to address a variety of questions ranging from developmental biology to biomineralization. 25912046 6 14 theme abundant 1222:1229 arg1 proteins 1231:1238 the seven most abundant proteins 1207:1238 the seven most abundant proteins present in the shell 1207:1259 We find that the seven most abundant proteins present in the shell are unique to M. venosa, but that these proteins display biochemical features found in other metazoan biomineralization proteins. 25912046 6 14 theme abundant 1222:1229 arg1 unique 1265:1270 unique 1265:1270 unique 1265:1270 We find that the seven most abundant proteins present in the shell are unique to M. venosa, but that these proteins display biochemical features found in other metazoan biomineralization proteins. 25912046 5 15 theme proteomic 956:964 arg1 approaches 966:975 proteomic approaches 956:975 proteomic approaches 956:975 Here, using high throughput proteomic approaches and next generation sequencing, we have surveyed and characterized the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod, the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida). 25912046 8 16 dep invertebrates 1770:1782 arg1 such 1785:1788 such 1785:1788 such 1785:1788 We also employed a variety of preparation methods to isolate shell proteins and find that in comparison to the shells of other spiralian invertebrates (such as mollusks) the shell ultrastructure of M. venosa may explain the effects these preparation strategies have on our results. 25912046 3 17 theme composite 529:537 arg1 material 539:546 a composite material 527:546 a composite material primarily composed of either calcite or calcium phosphate in close association with proteins and polysaccharides which give these composite structures their material properties 527:723 The brachiopod shell is a composite material primarily composed of either calcite or calcium phosphate in close association with proteins and polysaccharides which give these composite structures their material properties. 25912046 3 17 theme composite 529:537 arg1 shell 518:522 The brachiopod shell 503:522 The brachiopod shell 503:522 The brachiopod shell is a composite material primarily composed of either calcite or calcium phosphate in close association with proteins and polysaccharides which give these composite structures their material properties. 25912046 6 18 from present 1240:1246 arg1 shell 1255:1259 the shell 1251:1259 the shell 1251:1259 We find that the seven most abundant proteins present in the shell are unique to M. venosa, but that these proteins display biochemical features found in other metazoan biomineralization proteins. 25912046 8 19 theme methods 1675:1681 arg1 variety 1652:1658 a variety 1650:1658 a variety of preparation methods 1650:1681 We also employed a variety of preparation methods to isolate shell proteins and find that in comparison to the shells of other spiralian invertebrates (such as mollusks) the shell ultrastructure of M. venosa may explain the effects these preparation strategies have on our results. 25912046 8 19 theme methods 1675:1681 arg1 methods 1675:1681 preparation methods 1663:1681 preparation methods 1663:1681 We also employed a variety of preparation methods to isolate shell proteins and find that in comparison to the shells of other spiralian invertebrates (such as mollusks) the shell ultrastructure of M. venosa may explain the effects these preparation strategies have on our results. 25912046 0 20 theme Magellania 4:13 arg1 Proteome 38:45 The Magellania venosa Biomineralizing Proteome 0:45 The Magellania venosa Biomineralizing Proteome: A Window into Brachiopod Shell Evolution. 0:88 The Magellania venosa Biomineralizing Proteome: A Window into Brachiopod Shell Evolution. 25912046 2 21 theme paleoclimatologists 297:315 arg1 attention 250:258 the attention 246:258 the attention of paleontologists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists 246:315 Although the quality of this fossil record attracts the attention of paleontologists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists, modern day brachiopods are also of interest to evolutionary biologists due to their potential to address a variety of questions ranging from developmental biology to biomineralization. 25912046 2 22 theme evolutionary 365:376 arg1 biologists 378:387 evolutionary biologists 365:387 evolutionary biologists 365:387 Although the quality of this fossil record attracts the attention of paleontologists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists, modern day brachiopods are also of interest to evolutionary biologists due to their potential to address a variety of questions ranging from developmental biology to biomineralization. 25912046 7 23 theme shell-forming 1573:1585 arg1 proteome 1587:1594 the brachiopod shell-forming proteome 1558:1594 the brachiopod shell-forming proteome 1558:1594 We can also detect some M. venosa proteins that display significant sequence similarity to other metazoan biomineralization proteins, suggesting that some elements of the brachiopod shell-forming proteome are deeply evolutionarily conserved. 25912046 4 24 theme biomolecules 759:770 arg1 content 742:748 The information content 726:748 The information content of these biomolecules, sequestered within the shell during its construction, 726:825 The information content of these biomolecules, sequestered within the shell during its construction, has the potential to inform hypotheses focused on describing how brachiopod shell formation evolved. 25912046 6 25 theme biochemical 1318:1328 arg1 features 1330:1337 biochemical features 1318:1337 biochemical features found in other metazoan biomineralization proteins 1318:1388 We find that the seven most abundant proteins present in the shell are unique to M. venosa, but that these proteins display biochemical features found in other metazoan biomineralization proteins. 25912046 0 26 theme Biomineralizing 22:36 arg1 Proteome 38:45 The Magellania venosa Biomineralizing Proteome 0:45 The Magellania venosa Biomineralizing Proteome: A Window into Brachiopod Shell Evolution. 0:88 The Magellania venosa Biomineralizing Proteome: A Window into Brachiopod Shell Evolution. 25912046 3 27 theme close 609:613 arg1 association 615:625 close association 609:625 close association with proteins and polysaccharides which give these composite structures their material properties 609:723 The brachiopod shell is a composite material primarily composed of either calcite or calcium phosphate in close association with proteins and polysaccharides which give these composite structures their material properties. 25912046 0 28 dep Proteome 38:45 arg1 Window 50:55 A Window 48:55 The Magellania venosa Biomineralizing Proteome: A Window into Brachiopod Shell Evolution. 0:88 The Magellania venosa Biomineralizing Proteome: A Window into Brachiopod Shell Evolution. 25912046 5 29 theme generation 986:995 arg1 sequencing 997:1006 next generation sequencing 981:1006 next generation sequencing 981:1006 Here, using high throughput proteomic approaches and next generation sequencing, we have surveyed and characterized the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod, the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida). 25912046 1 30 theme fossil 179:184 arg1 record 186:191 their fossil record 173:191 their fossil record 173:191 Brachiopods are a lineage of invertebrates well known for the breadth and depth of their fossil record. 25912046 0 31 theme venosa 15:20 arg1 Proteome 38:45 The Magellania venosa Biomineralizing Proteome 0:45 The Magellania venosa Biomineralizing Proteome: A Window into Brachiopod Shell Evolution. 0:88 The Magellania venosa Biomineralizing Proteome: A Window into Brachiopod Shell Evolution. 25912046 5 32 theme next 981:984 arg1 sequencing 997:1006 next generation sequencing 981:1006 next generation sequencing 981:1006 Here, using high throughput proteomic approaches and next generation sequencing, we have surveyed and characterized the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod, the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida). 25912046 2 33 theme geochemists 280:290 arg1 attention 250:258 the attention 246:258 the attention of paleontologists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists 246:315 Although the quality of this fossil record attracts the attention of paleontologists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists, modern day brachiopods are also of interest to evolutionary biologists due to their potential to address a variety of questions ranging from developmental biology to biomineralization. 25912046 1 34 theme record 186:191 arg1 depth 164:168 depth 164:168 depth 164:168 Brachiopods are a lineage of invertebrates well known for the breadth and depth of their fossil record. 25912046 1 34 theme record 186:191 arg1 breadth 152:158 breadth 152:158 breadth 152:158 Brachiopods are a lineage of invertebrates well known for the breadth and depth of their fossil record. 25912046 2 35 theme developmental 459:471 arg1 biology 473:479 developmental biology 459:479 developmental biology 459:479 Although the quality of this fossil record attracts the attention of paleontologists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists, modern day brachiopods are also of interest to evolutionary biologists due to their potential to address a variety of questions ranging from developmental biology to biomineralization. 25912046 4 36 theme information 730:740 arg1 content 742:748 The information content 726:748 The information content of these biomolecules, sequestered within the shell during its construction, 726:825 The information content of these biomolecules, sequestered within the shell during its construction, has the potential to inform hypotheses focused on describing how brachiopod shell formation evolved. 25912046 5 37 theme South 1124:1128 arg1 venosa 1150:1155 the South American Magellania venosa 1120:1155 the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida) 1120:1191 Here, using high throughput proteomic approaches and next generation sequencing, we have surveyed and characterized the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod, the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida). 25912046 5 37 theme South 1124:1128 arg1 transcriptome 1087:1099 the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome 1044:1099 the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod 1044:1117 Here, using high throughput proteomic approaches and next generation sequencing, we have surveyed and characterized the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod, the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida). 25912046 5 38 theme shell-proteome 1054:1067 arg1 venosa 1150:1155 the South American Magellania venosa 1120:1155 the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida) 1120:1191 Here, using high throughput proteomic approaches and next generation sequencing, we have surveyed and characterized the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod, the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida). 25912046 5 38 theme shell-proteome 1054:1067 arg1 transcriptome 1087:1099 the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome 1044:1099 the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod 1044:1117 Here, using high throughput proteomic approaches and next generation sequencing, we have surveyed and characterized the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod, the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida). 25912046 8 39 theme shell 1807:1811 arg1 ultrastructure 1813:1826 the shell ultrastructure 1803:1826 the shell ultrastructure of M. venosa 1803:1839 We also employed a variety of preparation methods to isolate shell proteins and find that in comparison to the shells of other spiralian invertebrates (such as mollusks) the shell ultrastructure of M. venosa may explain the effects these preparation strategies have on our results. 25912046 5 40 dep Rhynchonelliformea 1158:1175 arg1 Terebratulida 1178:1190 Terebratulida 1178:1190 Terebratulida 1178:1190 Here, using high throughput proteomic approaches and next generation sequencing, we have surveyed and characterized the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod, the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida). 25912046 6 41 theme biomineralization 1363:1379 arg1 proteins 1381:1388 other metazoan biomineralization proteins 1348:1388 other metazoan biomineralization proteins 1348:1388 We find that the seven most abundant proteins present in the shell are unique to M. venosa, but that these proteins display biochemical features found in other metazoan biomineralization proteins. 25912046 5 42 theme American 1130:1137 arg1 venosa 1150:1155 the South American Magellania venosa 1120:1155 the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida) 1120:1191 Here, using high throughput proteomic approaches and next generation sequencing, we have surveyed and characterized the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod, the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida). 25912046 5 42 theme American 1130:1137 arg1 transcriptome 1087:1099 the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome 1044:1099 the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod 1044:1117 Here, using high throughput proteomic approaches and next generation sequencing, we have surveyed and characterized the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod, the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida). 25912046 6 43 theme M. 1275:1276 arg1 venosa 1278:1283 M. venosa 1275:1283 M. venosa 1275:1283 We find that the seven most abundant proteins present in the shell are unique to M. venosa, but that these proteins display biochemical features found in other metazoan biomineralization proteins. 25912046 7 44 theme venosa 1418:1423 arg1 proteins 1425:1432 some M. venosa proteins 1410:1432 some M. venosa proteins that display significant sequence similarity to other metazoan biomineralization proteins, suggesting that some elements of the brachiopod shell-forming proteome are deeply evolutionarily conserved 1410:1630 We can also detect some M. venosa proteins that display significant sequence similarity to other metazoan biomineralization proteins, suggesting that some elements of the brachiopod shell-forming proteome are deeply evolutionarily conserved. 25912046 8 45 theme preparation 1663:1673 arg1 methods 1675:1681 preparation methods 1663:1681 preparation methods 1663:1681 We also employed a variety of preparation methods to isolate shell proteins and find that in comparison to the shells of other spiralian invertebrates (such as mollusks) the shell ultrastructure of M. venosa may explain the effects these preparation strategies have on our results. 25912046 6 46 theme metazoan 1354:1361 arg1 proteins 1381:1388 other metazoan biomineralization proteins 1348:1388 other metazoan biomineralization proteins 1348:1388 We find that the seven most abundant proteins present in the shell are unique to M. venosa, but that these proteins display biochemical features found in other metazoan biomineralization proteins. 25912046 5 47 theme Magellania 1139:1148 arg1 venosa 1150:1155 the South American Magellania venosa 1120:1155 the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida) 1120:1191 Here, using high throughput proteomic approaches and next generation sequencing, we have surveyed and characterized the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod, the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida). 25912046 5 47 theme Magellania 1139:1148 arg1 transcriptome 1087:1099 the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome 1044:1099 the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod 1044:1117 Here, using high throughput proteomic approaches and next generation sequencing, we have surveyed and characterized the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod, the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida). 25912046 5 48 theme shell-forming 1073:1085 arg1 venosa 1150:1155 the South American Magellania venosa 1120:1155 the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida) 1120:1191 Here, using high throughput proteomic approaches and next generation sequencing, we have surveyed and characterized the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod, the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida). 25912046 5 48 theme shell-forming 1073:1085 arg1 transcriptome 1087:1099 the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome 1044:1099 the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod 1044:1117 Here, using high throughput proteomic approaches and next generation sequencing, we have surveyed and characterized the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod, the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida). 25912046 5 49 theme high 940:943 arg1 throughput 945:954 high throughput 940:954 high throughput 940:954 Here, using high throughput proteomic approaches and next generation sequencing, we have surveyed and characterized the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod, the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida). 25912046 2 50 theme questions 436:444 arg1 variety 425:431 a variety 423:431 a variety of questions ranging from developmental biology to biomineralization 423:500 Although the quality of this fossil record attracts the attention of paleontologists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists, modern day brachiopods are also of interest to evolutionary biologists due to their potential to address a variety of questions ranging from developmental biology to biomineralization. 25912046 2 50 theme questions 436:444 arg1 questions 436:444 questions 436:444 questions ranging from developmental biology to biomineralization 436:500 Although the quality of this fossil record attracts the attention of paleontologists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists, modern day brachiopods are also of interest to evolutionary biologists due to their potential to address a variety of questions ranging from developmental biology to biomineralization. 25912046 5 51 dep venosa 1150:1155 arg1 Rhynchonelliformea 1158:1175 Rhynchonelliformea 1158:1175 Rhynchonelliformea 1158:1175 Here, using high throughput proteomic approaches and next generation sequencing, we have surveyed and characterized the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod, the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida). 25912046 6 52 theme other 1348:1352 arg1 proteins 1381:1388 other metazoan biomineralization proteins 1348:1388 other metazoan biomineralization proteins 1348:1388 We find that the seven most abundant proteins present in the shell are unique to M. venosa, but that these proteins display biochemical features found in other metazoan biomineralization proteins. 25912046 7 53 theme proteome 1587:1594 arg1 elements 1546:1553 some elements 1541:1553 some elements of the brachiopod shell-forming proteome 1541:1594 We can also detect some M. venosa proteins that display significant sequence similarity to other metazoan biomineralization proteins, suggesting that some elements of the brachiopod shell-forming proteome are deeply evolutionarily conserved. 25912046 3 54 theme calcium 588:594 arg1 phosphate 596:604 calcium phosphate 588:604 calcium phosphate 588:604 The brachiopod shell is a composite material primarily composed of either calcite or calcium phosphate in close association with proteins and polysaccharides which give these composite structures their material properties. 25912046 2 55 theme day 325:327 arg1 brachiopods 329:339 modern day brachiopods 318:339 modern day brachiopods 318:339 Although the quality of this fossil record attracts the attention of paleontologists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists, modern day brachiopods are also of interest to evolutionary biologists due to their potential to address a variety of questions ranging from developmental biology to biomineralization. 25912046 5 56 theme first 1048:1052 arg1 venosa 1150:1155 the South American Magellania venosa 1120:1155 the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida) 1120:1191 Here, using high throughput proteomic approaches and next generation sequencing, we have surveyed and characterized the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod, the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida). 25912046 5 56 theme first 1048:1052 arg1 transcriptome 1087:1099 the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome 1044:1099 the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod 1044:1117 Here, using high throughput proteomic approaches and next generation sequencing, we have surveyed and characterized the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod, the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida). 25912046 8 57 theme M. 1831:1832 arg1 venosa 1834:1839 M. venosa 1831:1839 M. venosa 1831:1839 We also employed a variety of preparation methods to isolate shell proteins and find that in comparison to the shells of other spiralian invertebrates (such as mollusks) the shell ultrastructure of M. venosa may explain the effects these preparation strategies have on our results. 25912046 7 58 theme brachiopod 1562:1571 arg1 proteome 1587:1594 the brachiopod shell-forming proteome 1558:1594 the brachiopod shell-forming proteome 1558:1594 We can also detect some M. venosa proteins that display significant sequence similarity to other metazoan biomineralization proteins, suggesting that some elements of the brachiopod shell-forming proteome are deeply evolutionarily conserved. 25912046 8 59 theme venosa 1834:1839 arg1 ultrastructure 1813:1826 the shell ultrastructure 1803:1826 the shell ultrastructure of M. venosa 1803:1839 We also employed a variety of preparation methods to isolate shell proteins and find that in comparison to the shells of other spiralian invertebrates (such as mollusks) the shell ultrastructure of M. venosa may explain the effects these preparation strategies have on our results. 25912046 1 60 theme invertebrates 119:131 arg1 Brachiopods 90:100 Brachiopods 90:100 Brachiopods 90:100 Brachiopods are a lineage of invertebrates well known for the breadth and depth of their fossil record. 25912046 1 60 theme invertebrates 119:131 arg1 lineage 108:114 a lineage 106:114 a lineage of invertebrates well known for the breadth and depth of their fossil record 106:191 Brachiopods are a lineage of invertebrates well known for the breadth and depth of their fossil record. 25912046 8 61 dep effects 1857:1863 arg1 have 1894:1897 have 1894:1897 have on our results 1894:1912 We also employed a variety of preparation methods to isolate shell proteins and find that in comparison to the shells of other spiralian invertebrates (such as mollusks) the shell ultrastructure of M. venosa may explain the effects these preparation strategies have on our results. 25912046 4 62 contain has 827:829 arg1 content 742:748 The information content 726:748 The information content of these biomolecules, sequestered within the shell during its construction, 726:825 The information content of these biomolecules, sequestered within the shell during its construction, has the potential to inform hypotheses focused on describing how brachiopod shell formation evolved. 25912046 4 62 contain has 827:829 arg2 potential 835:843 the potential to inform hypotheses focused on describing how brachiopod shell formation evolved 831:925 the potential to inform hypotheses focused on describing how brachiopod shell formation evolved 831:925 The information content of these biomolecules, sequestered within the shell during its construction, has the potential to inform hypotheses focused on describing how brachiopod shell formation evolved. 25912046 5 63 dep throughput 945:954 arg1 approaches 966:975 proteomic approaches 956:975 proteomic approaches 956:975 Here, using high throughput proteomic approaches and next generation sequencing, we have surveyed and characterized the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod, the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida). 25912046 5 64 theme brachiopod 1108:1117 arg1 venosa 1150:1155 the South American Magellania venosa 1120:1155 the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida) 1120:1191 Here, using high throughput proteomic approaches and next generation sequencing, we have surveyed and characterized the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod, the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida). 25912046 5 64 theme brachiopod 1108:1117 arg1 transcriptome 1087:1099 the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome 1044:1099 the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod 1044:1117 Here, using high throughput proteomic approaches and next generation sequencing, we have surveyed and characterized the first shell-proteome and shell-forming transcriptome of any brachiopod, the South American Magellania venosa (Rhynchonelliformea: Terebratulida). 25912046 7 65 theme metazoan 1488:1495 arg1 proteins 1515:1522 other metazoan biomineralization proteins 1482:1522 other metazoan biomineralization proteins 1482:1522 We can also detect some M. venosa proteins that display significant sequence similarity to other metazoan biomineralization proteins, suggesting that some elements of the brachiopod shell-forming proteome are deeply evolutionarily conserved. 25912046 6 66 located found 1339:1343 arg2 features 1330:1337 biochemical features 1318:1337 biochemical features found in other metazoan biomineralization proteins 1318:1388 We find that the seven most abundant proteins present in the shell are unique to M. venosa, but that these proteins display biochemical features found in other metazoan biomineralization proteins. 25912046 6 66 located found 1339:1343 arg1 proteins 1381:1388 other metazoan biomineralization proteins 1348:1388 other metazoan biomineralization proteins 1348:1388 We find that the seven most abundant proteins present in the shell are unique to M. venosa, but that these proteins display biochemical features found in other metazoan biomineralization proteins. 25912046 2 67 theme modern 318:323 arg1 brachiopods 329:339 modern day brachiopods 318:339 modern day brachiopods 318:339 Although the quality of this fossil record attracts the attention of paleontologists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists, modern day brachiopods are also of interest to evolutionary biologists due to their potential to address a variety of questions ranging from developmental biology to biomineralization. 25912046 0 68 theme Brachiopod 62:71 arg1 Evolution 79:87 Brachiopod Shell Evolution 62:87 Brachiopod Shell Evolution 62:87 The Magellania venosa Biomineralizing Proteome: A Window into Brachiopod Shell Evolution. 25912046 3 69 theme composite 678:686 arg1 structures 688:697 these composite structures 672:697 these composite structures 672:697 The brachiopod shell is a composite material primarily composed of either calcite or calcium phosphate in close association with proteins and polysaccharides which give these composite structures their material properties. 25912046 2 70 theme record 230:235 arg1 quality 207:213 the quality 203:213 the quality of this fossil record 203:235 Although the quality of this fossil record attracts the attention of paleontologists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists, modern day brachiopods are also of interest to evolutionary biologists due to their potential to address a variety of questions ranging from developmental biology to biomineralization. 25912046 8 71 theme other 1754:1758 arg1 invertebrates 1770:1782 other spiralian invertebrates 1754:1782 other spiralian invertebrates (such as mollusks) 1754:1801 We also employed a variety of preparation methods to isolate shell proteins and find that in comparison to the shells of other spiralian invertebrates (such as mollusks) the shell ultrastructure of M. venosa may explain the effects these preparation strategies have on our results. 25912046 8 72 theme spiralian 1760:1768 arg1 invertebrates 1770:1782 other spiralian invertebrates 1754:1782 other spiralian invertebrates (such as mollusks) 1754:1801 We also employed a variety of preparation methods to isolate shell proteins and find that in comparison to the shells of other spiralian invertebrates (such as mollusks) the shell ultrastructure of M. venosa may explain the effects these preparation strategies have on our results. 25912046 3 73 with association 615:625 arg1 polysaccharides 645:659 polysaccharides 645:659 polysaccharides 645:659 The brachiopod shell is a composite material primarily composed of either calcite or calcium phosphate in close association with proteins and polysaccharides which give these composite structures their material properties. 25912046 3 73 with association 615:625 arg1 proteins 632:639 proteins 632:639 proteins 632:639 The brachiopod shell is a composite material primarily composed of either calcite or calcium phosphate in close association with proteins and polysaccharides which give these composite structures their material properties. 25912046 2 74 theme fossil 223:228 arg1 record 230:235 this fossil record 218:235 this fossil record 218:235 Although the quality of this fossil record attracts the attention of paleontologists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists, modern day brachiopods are also of interest to evolutionary biologists due to their potential to address a variety of questions ranging from developmental biology to biomineralization. 25912046 7 75 theme significant 1447:1457 arg1 similarity 1468:1477 significant sequence similarity 1447:1477 significant sequence similarity to other metazoan biomineralization proteins 1447:1522 We can also detect some M. venosa proteins that display significant sequence similarity to other metazoan biomineralization proteins, suggesting that some elements of the brachiopod shell-forming proteome are deeply evolutionarily conserved. 25912046 8 76 theme shell 1694:1698 arg1 proteins 1700:1707 shell proteins 1694:1707 shell proteins 1694:1707 We also employed a variety of preparation methods to isolate shell proteins and find that in comparison to the shells of other spiralian invertebrates (such as mollusks) the shell ultrastructure of M. venosa may explain the effects these preparation strategies have on our results. 28455404 0 0 theme Leaf 64:67 arg1 Senescence 69:78 Leaf Senescence 64:78 Leaf Senescence 64:78 A Rice PECTATE LYASE-LIKE Gene Is Required for Plant Growth and Leaf Senescence. 28455404 1 1 from senescence 156:165 arg1 plants 178:183 monocot plants 170:183 monocot plants 170:183 To better understand the molecular mechanisms behind plant growth and leaf senescence in monocot plants, we identified a mutant exhibiting dwarfism and an early-senescence leaf phenotype, termed dwarf and early-senescence leaf1 (del1). 28455404 4 2 theme species 672:678 arg1 accumulation 640:651 the accumulation 636:651 the accumulation of reactive oxygen species 636:678 Physiological analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and TUNEL assays showed that leaf senescence was triggered by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. 28455404 9 3 theme Functional 983:992 arg1 analysis 994:1001 Functional analysis 983:1001 Functional analysis 983:1001 Functional analysis revealed that mutation of DEL1 decreased the total PEL enzymatic activity, increased the degree of methylesterified homogalacturonan, and altered the cell wall composition and structure. 28455404 4 4 theme electron 553:560 arg1 microscopy 562:571 transmission electron microscopy 540:571 transmission electron microscopy 540:571 Physiological analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and TUNEL assays showed that leaf senescence was triggered by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. 28455404 11 5 theme cell 1412:1415 arg1 division 1417:1424 normal cell division 1405:1424 normal cell division 1405:1424 Our research indicates that DEL1 is involved in both the maintenance of normal cell division and the induction of leaf senescence. 28455404 9 6 theme methylesterified 1102:1117 arg1 homogalacturonan 1119:1134 methylesterified homogalacturonan 1102:1134 methylesterified homogalacturonan 1102:1134 Functional analysis revealed that mutation of DEL1 decreased the total PEL enzymatic activity, increased the degree of methylesterified homogalacturonan, and altered the cell wall composition and structure. 28455404 1 7 from growth 140:145 arg1 plants 178:183 monocot plants 170:183 monocot plants 170:183 To better understand the molecular mechanisms behind plant growth and leaf senescence in monocot plants, we identified a mutant exhibiting dwarfism and an early-senescence leaf phenotype, termed dwarf and early-senescence leaf1 (del1). 28455404 4 8 theme oxygen 665:670 arg1 species 672:678 reactive oxygen species 656:678 reactive oxygen species 656:678 Physiological analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and TUNEL assays showed that leaf senescence was triggered by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. 28455404 4 9 theme transmission 540:551 arg1 microscopy 562:571 transmission electron microscopy 540:571 transmission electron microscopy 540:571 Physiological analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and TUNEL assays showed that leaf senescence was triggered by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. 28455404 9 10 theme cell 1153:1156 arg1 composition 1163:1173 the cell wall composition 1149:1173 the cell wall composition 1149:1173 Functional analysis revealed that mutation of DEL1 decreased the total PEL enzymatic activity, increased the degree of methylesterified homogalacturonan, and altered the cell wall composition and structure. 28455404 6 11 theme lyase 767:771 arg1 precursor 779:787 a pectate lyase (PEL) precursor 757:787 a pectate lyase (PEL) precursor that contains a PelC domain 757:815 It was shown to encode a pectate lyase (PEL) precursor that contains a PelC domain. 28455404 6 11 theme lyase 767:771 arg1 It 734:735 It 734:735 It 734:735 It was shown to encode a pectate lyase (PEL) precursor that contains a PelC domain. 28455404 3 12 theme cell 504:507 arg1 cycle 509:513 the cell cycle 500:513 the cell cycle 500:513 Further investigation revealed that the decline in cell number in del1 was affected by the cell cycle. 28455404 2 13 from reduction 387:395 arg1 number 405:410 cell number 400:410 cell number 400:410 Histological analysis showed that the abnormal growth was caused by a reduction in cell number. 28455404 1 14 theme early-senescence 236:251 arg1 phenotype 258:266 an early-senescence leaf phenotype 233:266 an early-senescence leaf phenotype 233:266 To better understand the molecular mechanisms behind plant growth and leaf senescence in monocot plants, we identified a mutant exhibiting dwarfism and an early-senescence leaf phenotype, termed dwarf and early-senescence leaf1 (del1). 28455404 7 15 contain contains 823:830 arg2 PEL 862:864 PEL 862:864 PEL 862:864 DEL1 contains all the conserved residues of PEL and has strong similarity with plant PelC. 28455404 7 15 contain contains 823:830 arg2 residues 850:857 all the conserved residues 832:857 all the conserved residues of PEL 832:864 DEL1 contains all the conserved residues of PEL and has strong similarity with plant PelC. 28455404 7 15 contain contains 823:830 arg1 DEL1 818:821 DEL1 818:821 DEL1 818:821 DEL1 contains all the conserved residues of PEL and has strong similarity with plant PelC. 28455404 6 16 theme pectate 759:765 arg1 precursor 779:787 a pectate lyase (PEL) precursor 757:787 a pectate lyase (PEL) precursor that contains a PelC domain 757:815 It was shown to encode a pectate lyase (PEL) precursor that contains a PelC domain. 28455404 6 16 theme pectate 759:765 arg1 It 734:735 It 734:735 It 734:735 It was shown to encode a pectate lyase (PEL) precursor that contains a PelC domain. 28455404 10 17 theme cell 1246:1249 arg1 function- 1256:1264 cell wall function- 1246:1264 cell wall function- 1246:1264 In addition, transcriptome assay revealed that a set of cell wall function- and senescence-related gene expression was altered in del1 plants. 28455404 1 18 theme leaf 253:256 arg1 phenotype 258:266 an early-senescence leaf phenotype 233:266 an early-senescence leaf phenotype 233:266 To better understand the molecular mechanisms behind plant growth and leaf senescence in monocot plants, we identified a mutant exhibiting dwarfism and an early-senescence leaf phenotype, termed dwarf and early-senescence leaf1 (del1). 28455404 2 19 theme Histological 317:328 arg1 analysis 330:337 Histological analysis 317:337 Histological analysis 317:337 Histological analysis showed that the abnormal growth was caused by a reduction in cell number. 28455404 10 20 theme transcriptome 1203:1215 arg1 assay 1217:1221 transcriptome assay 1203:1221 transcriptome assay 1203:1221 In addition, transcriptome assay revealed that a set of cell wall function- and senescence-related gene expression was altered in del1 plants. 28455404 1 21 theme leaf 151:154 arg1 senescence 156:165 leaf senescence 151:165 leaf senescence 151:165 To better understand the molecular mechanisms behind plant growth and leaf senescence in monocot plants, we identified a mutant exhibiting dwarfism and an early-senescence leaf phenotype, termed dwarf and early-senescence leaf1 (del1). 28455404 3 22 from decline 453:459 arg1 del1 479:482 del1 479:482 del1 479:482 Further investigation revealed that the decline in cell number in del1 was affected by the cell cycle. 28455404 3 22 from decline 453:459 arg1 number 469:474 cell number 464:474 cell number 464:474 Further investigation revealed that the decline in cell number in del1 was affected by the cell cycle. 28455404 6 23 contain contains 794:801 arg1 precursor 779:787 a pectate lyase (PEL) precursor 757:787 a pectate lyase (PEL) precursor that contains a PelC domain 757:815 It was shown to encode a pectate lyase (PEL) precursor that contains a PelC domain. 28455404 6 23 contain contains 794:801 arg2 domain 810:815 a PelC domain 803:815 a PelC domain 803:815 It was shown to encode a pectate lyase (PEL) precursor that contains a PelC domain. 28455404 6 23 contain contains 794:801 arg1 It 734:735 It 734:735 It 734:735 It was shown to encode a pectate lyase (PEL) precursor that contains a PelC domain. 28455404 3 24 theme Further 413:419 arg1 investigation 421:433 Further investigation 413:433 Further investigation 413:433 Further investigation revealed that the decline in cell number in del1 was affected by the cell cycle. 28455404 0 25 theme Rice 2:5 arg1 Gene 26:29 A Rice PECTATE LYASE-LIKE Gene 0:29 A Rice PECTATE LYASE-LIKE Gene 0:29 A Rice PECTATE LYASE-LIKE Gene Is Required for Plant Growth and Leaf Senescence. 28455404 8 26 theme elongating 963:972 arg1 tissues 974:980 elongating tissues 963:980 elongating tissues 963:980 DEL1 is expressed in all tissues but predominantly in elongating tissues. 28455404 7 27 theme strong 874:879 arg1 similarity 881:890 strong similarity 874:890 strong similarity with plant PelC 874:906 DEL1 contains all the conserved residues of PEL and has strong similarity with plant PelC. 28455404 9 28 theme DEL1 1029:1032 arg1 mutation 1017:1024 mutation 1017:1024 mutation of DEL1 1017:1032 Functional analysis revealed that mutation of DEL1 decreased the total PEL enzymatic activity, increased the degree of methylesterified homogalacturonan, and altered the cell wall composition and structure. 28455404 4 29 theme Physiological 516:528 arg1 analysis 530:537 Physiological analysis 516:537 Physiological analysis 516:537 Physiological analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and TUNEL assays showed that leaf senescence was triggered by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. 28455404 7 30 theme PEL 862:864 arg1 PEL 862:864 PEL 862:864 PEL 862:864 DEL1 contains all the conserved residues of PEL and has strong similarity with plant PelC. 28455404 7 30 theme PEL 862:864 arg1 residues 850:857 all the conserved residues 832:857 all the conserved residues of PEL 832:864 DEL1 contains all the conserved residues of PEL and has strong similarity with plant PelC. 28455404 10 31 theme function- 1256:1264 arg1 set 1239:1241 a set 1237:1241 a set of cell wall function- and senescence-related gene expression 1237:1303 In addition, transcriptome assay revealed that a set of cell wall function- and senescence-related gene expression was altered in del1 plants. 28455404 10 31 theme function- 1256:1264 arg1 expression 1294:1303 senescence-related gene expression 1270:1303 senescence-related gene expression 1270:1303 In addition, transcriptome assay revealed that a set of cell wall function- and senescence-related gene expression was altered in del1 plants. 28455404 10 31 theme function- 1256:1264 arg1 function- 1256:1264 cell wall function- 1246:1264 cell wall function- 1246:1264 In addition, transcriptome assay revealed that a set of cell wall function- and senescence-related gene expression was altered in del1 plants. 28455404 2 32 theme abnormal 355:362 arg1 growth 364:369 the abnormal growth 351:369 the abnormal growth 351:369 Histological analysis showed that the abnormal growth was caused by a reduction in cell number. 28455404 0 33 theme LYASE-LIKE 15:24 arg1 Gene 26:29 A Rice PECTATE LYASE-LIKE Gene 0:29 A Rice PECTATE LYASE-LIKE Gene 0:29 A Rice PECTATE LYASE-LIKE Gene Is Required for Plant Growth and Leaf Senescence. 28455404 9 34 theme wall 1158:1161 arg1 composition 1163:1173 the cell wall composition 1149:1173 the cell wall composition 1149:1173 Functional analysis revealed that mutation of DEL1 decreased the total PEL enzymatic activity, increased the degree of methylesterified homogalacturonan, and altered the cell wall composition and structure. 28455404 7 35 theme plant 897:901 arg1 PelC 903:906 plant PelC 897:906 plant PelC 897:906 DEL1 contains all the conserved residues of PEL and has strong similarity with plant PelC. 28455404 4 36 theme leaf 603:606 arg1 senescence 608:617 leaf senescence 603:617 leaf senescence 603:617 Physiological analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and TUNEL assays showed that leaf senescence was triggered by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. 28455404 2 37 theme cell 400:403 arg1 number 405:410 cell number 400:410 cell number 400:410 Histological analysis showed that the abnormal growth was caused by a reduction in cell number. 28455404 12 38 theme PECTATE 1561:1567 arg1 genes 1580:1584 PECTATE LYASE-LIKE genes 1561:1584 PECTATE LYASE-LIKE genes 1561:1584 These findings reveal a new molecular mechanism for plant growth and leaf senescence mediated by PECTATE LYASE-LIKE genes. 28455404 9 39 theme PEL 1054:1056 arg1 activity 1068:1075 the total PEL enzymatic activity 1044:1075 the total PEL enzymatic activity 1044:1075 Functional analysis revealed that mutation of DEL1 decreased the total PEL enzymatic activity, increased the degree of methylesterified homogalacturonan, and altered the cell wall composition and structure. 28455404 9 40 theme total 1048:1052 arg1 activity 1068:1075 the total PEL enzymatic activity 1044:1075 the total PEL enzymatic activity 1044:1075 Functional analysis revealed that mutation of DEL1 decreased the total PEL enzymatic activity, increased the degree of methylesterified homogalacturonan, and altered the cell wall composition and structure. 28455404 11 41 theme normal 1405:1410 arg1 division 1417:1424 normal cell division 1405:1424 normal cell division 1405:1424 Our research indicates that DEL1 is involved in both the maintenance of normal cell division and the induction of leaf senescence. 28455404 12 42 theme molecular 1492:1500 arg1 mechanism 1502:1510 a new molecular mechanism 1486:1510 a new molecular mechanism for plant growth and leaf senescence mediated by PECTATE LYASE-LIKE genes 1486:1584 These findings reveal a new molecular mechanism for plant growth and leaf senescence mediated by PECTATE LYASE-LIKE genes. 28455404 5 43 theme DEL1 685:688 arg1 gene 690:693 The DEL1 gene 681:693 The DEL1 gene 681:693 The DEL1 gene was cloned using a map-based approach. 28455404 6 44 theme PelC 805:808 arg1 domain 810:815 a PelC domain 803:815 a PelC domain 803:815 It was shown to encode a pectate lyase (PEL) precursor that contains a PelC domain. 28455404 1 45 theme monocot 170:176 arg1 plants 178:183 monocot plants 170:183 monocot plants 170:183 To better understand the molecular mechanisms behind plant growth and leaf senescence in monocot plants, we identified a mutant exhibiting dwarfism and an early-senescence leaf phenotype, termed dwarf and early-senescence leaf1 (del1). 28455404 7 46 with similarity 881:890 arg1 PelC 903:906 plant PelC 897:906 plant PelC 897:906 DEL1 contains all the conserved residues of PEL and has strong similarity with plant PelC. 28455404 9 47 theme homogalacturonan 1119:1134 arg1 degree 1092:1097 the degree 1088:1097 the degree of methylesterified homogalacturonan 1088:1134 Functional analysis revealed that mutation of DEL1 decreased the total PEL enzymatic activity, increased the degree of methylesterified homogalacturonan, and altered the cell wall composition and structure. 28455404 9 48 theme enzymatic 1058:1066 arg1 activity 1068:1075 the total PEL enzymatic activity 1044:1075 the total PEL enzymatic activity 1044:1075 Functional analysis revealed that mutation of DEL1 decreased the total PEL enzymatic activity, increased the degree of methylesterified homogalacturonan, and altered the cell wall composition and structure. 28455404 1 49 theme early-senescence 286:301 arg1 leaf1 303:307 early-senescence leaf1 286:307 early-senescence leaf1 286:307 To better understand the molecular mechanisms behind plant growth and leaf senescence in monocot plants, we identified a mutant exhibiting dwarfism and an early-senescence leaf phenotype, termed dwarf and early-senescence leaf1 (del1). 28455404 7 50 contain has 870:872 arg1 DEL1 818:821 DEL1 818:821 DEL1 818:821 DEL1 contains all the conserved residues of PEL and has strong similarity with plant PelC. 28455404 7 50 contain has 870:872 arg2 similarity 881:890 strong similarity 874:890 strong similarity with plant PelC 874:906 DEL1 contains all the conserved residues of PEL and has strong similarity with plant PelC. 28455404 3 51 theme cell 464:467 arg1 number 469:474 cell number 464:474 cell number 464:474 Further investigation revealed that the decline in cell number in del1 was affected by the cell cycle. 28455404 12 52 theme leaf 1533:1536 arg1 senescence 1538:1547 leaf senescence 1533:1547 leaf senescence 1533:1547 These findings reveal a new molecular mechanism for plant growth and leaf senescence mediated by PECTATE LYASE-LIKE genes. 28455404 10 53 theme senescence-related 1270:1287 arg1 expression 1294:1303 senescence-related gene expression 1270:1303 senescence-related gene expression 1270:1303 In addition, transcriptome assay revealed that a set of cell wall function- and senescence-related gene expression was altered in del1 plants. 28455404 10 54 theme gene 1289:1292 arg1 expression 1294:1303 senescence-related gene expression 1270:1303 senescence-related gene expression 1270:1303 In addition, transcriptome assay revealed that a set of cell wall function- and senescence-related gene expression was altered in del1 plants. 28455404 12 55 theme LYASE-LIKE 1569:1578 arg1 genes 1580:1584 PECTATE LYASE-LIKE genes 1561:1584 PECTATE LYASE-LIKE genes 1561:1584 These findings reveal a new molecular mechanism for plant growth and leaf senescence mediated by PECTATE LYASE-LIKE genes. 28455404 1 56 theme molecular 106:114 arg1 mechanisms 116:125 the molecular mechanisms 102:125 the molecular mechanisms behind plant growth and leaf senescence in monocot plants 102:183 To better understand the molecular mechanisms behind plant growth and leaf senescence in monocot plants, we identified a mutant exhibiting dwarfism and an early-senescence leaf phenotype, termed dwarf and early-senescence leaf1 (del1). 28455404 4 57 theme TUNEL 578:582 arg1 assays 584:589 TUNEL assays 578:589 TUNEL assays 578:589 Physiological analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and TUNEL assays showed that leaf senescence was triggered by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. 28455404 10 58 theme expression 1294:1303 arg1 set 1239:1241 a set 1237:1241 a set of cell wall function- and senescence-related gene expression 1237:1303 In addition, transcriptome assay revealed that a set of cell wall function- and senescence-related gene expression was altered in del1 plants. 28455404 10 58 theme expression 1294:1303 arg1 expression 1294:1303 senescence-related gene expression 1270:1303 senescence-related gene expression 1270:1303 In addition, transcriptome assay revealed that a set of cell wall function- and senescence-related gene expression was altered in del1 plants. 28455404 10 58 theme expression 1294:1303 arg1 function- 1256:1264 cell wall function- 1246:1264 cell wall function- 1246:1264 In addition, transcriptome assay revealed that a set of cell wall function- and senescence-related gene expression was altered in del1 plants. 28455404 10 59 theme del1 1320:1323 arg1 plants 1325:1330 del1 plants 1320:1330 del1 plants 1320:1330 In addition, transcriptome assay revealed that a set of cell wall function- and senescence-related gene expression was altered in del1 plants. 28455404 10 60 theme wall 1251:1254 arg1 function- 1256:1264 cell wall function- 1246:1264 cell wall function- 1246:1264 In addition, transcriptome assay revealed that a set of cell wall function- and senescence-related gene expression was altered in del1 plants. 28455404 11 61 theme division 1417:1424 arg1 induction 1434:1442 the induction 1430:1442 the induction of leaf senescence 1430:1461 Our research indicates that DEL1 is involved in both the maintenance of normal cell division and the induction of leaf senescence. 28455404 11 61 theme division 1417:1424 arg1 maintenance 1390:1400 the maintenance 1386:1400 the maintenance of normal cell division 1386:1424 Our research indicates that DEL1 is involved in both the maintenance of normal cell division and the induction of leaf senescence. 28455404 12 62 theme new 1488:1490 arg1 mechanism 1502:1510 a new molecular mechanism 1486:1510 a new molecular mechanism for plant growth and leaf senescence mediated by PECTATE LYASE-LIKE genes 1486:1584 These findings reveal a new molecular mechanism for plant growth and leaf senescence mediated by PECTATE LYASE-LIKE genes. 28455404 5 63 theme map-based 714:722 arg1 approach 724:731 a map-based approach 712:731 a map-based approach 712:731 The DEL1 gene was cloned using a map-based approach. 28455404 6 64 theme PEL 774:776 arg1 precursor 779:787 a pectate lyase (PEL) precursor 757:787 a pectate lyase (PEL) precursor that contains a PelC domain 757:815 It was shown to encode a pectate lyase (PEL) precursor that contains a PelC domain. 28455404 6 64 theme PEL 774:776 arg1 It 734:735 It 734:735 It 734:735 It was shown to encode a pectate lyase (PEL) precursor that contains a PelC domain. 28455404 11 65 theme leaf 1447:1450 arg1 senescence 1452:1461 leaf senescence 1447:1461 leaf senescence 1447:1461 Our research indicates that DEL1 is involved in both the maintenance of normal cell division and the induction of leaf senescence. 28455404 4 66 theme reactive 656:663 arg1 species 672:678 reactive oxygen species 656:678 reactive oxygen species 656:678 Physiological analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and TUNEL assays showed that leaf senescence was triggered by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. 28455404 7 67 theme conserved 840:848 arg1 PEL 862:864 PEL 862:864 PEL 862:864 DEL1 contains all the conserved residues of PEL and has strong similarity with plant PelC. 28455404 7 67 theme conserved 840:848 arg1 residues 850:857 all the conserved residues 832:857 all the conserved residues of PEL 832:864 DEL1 contains all the conserved residues of PEL and has strong similarity with plant PelC. 28455404 0 68 theme Plant 47:51 arg1 Growth 53:58 Plant Growth 47:58 Plant Growth 47:58 A Rice PECTATE LYASE-LIKE Gene Is Required for Plant Growth and Leaf Senescence. 28455404 0 69 theme PECTATE 7:13 arg1 Gene 26:29 A Rice PECTATE LYASE-LIKE Gene 0:29 A Rice PECTATE LYASE-LIKE Gene 0:29 A Rice PECTATE LYASE-LIKE Gene Is Required for Plant Growth and Leaf Senescence. 28455404 1 70 theme plant 134:138 arg1 growth 140:145 plant growth 134:145 plant growth 134:145 To better understand the molecular mechanisms behind plant growth and leaf senescence in monocot plants, we identified a mutant exhibiting dwarfism and an early-senescence leaf phenotype, termed dwarf and early-senescence leaf1 (del1). 28455404 11 71 theme senescence 1452:1461 arg1 induction 1434:1442 the induction 1430:1442 the induction of leaf senescence 1430:1461 Our research indicates that DEL1 is involved in both the maintenance of normal cell division and the induction of leaf senescence. 28455404 11 71 theme senescence 1452:1461 arg1 maintenance 1390:1400 the maintenance 1386:1400 the maintenance of normal cell division 1386:1424 Our research indicates that DEL1 is involved in both the maintenance of normal cell division and the induction of leaf senescence. 28455404 12 72 theme plant 1516:1520 arg1 growth 1522:1527 plant growth 1516:1527 plant growth 1516:1527 These findings reveal a new molecular mechanism for plant growth and leaf senescence mediated by PECTATE LYASE-LIKE genes. 24410749 4 0 theme barrier 856:862 arg1 disruption 864:873 gut barrier disruption 852:873 gut barrier disruption 852:873 L. coryniformis administration to HFD-induced obese mice induced marked changes in microbiota composition and reduced the metabolic endotoxaemia as it decreased the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) plasma level, which was associated with a significant improvement in gut barrier disruption. 24410749 2 1 theme Lactobacillus 359:371 arg1 CECT5711 386:393 Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 359:393 Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 359:393 In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a probiotic with immunomodulatory properties, Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711, in obese mice fed on an HFD (high-fat diet). 24410749 2 1 theme Lactobacillus 359:371 arg1 probiotic 315:323 probiotic 315:323 probiotic 315:323 In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a probiotic with immunomodulatory properties, Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711, in obese mice fed on an HFD (high-fat diet). 24410749 8 2 dep in 1513:1514 arg1 vivo 1516:1519 vivo 1516:1519 vivo 1516:1519 Moreover, chronic probiotic administration for 2 weeks also improved endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress induced by in vivo administration of LPS in control mice fed on a standard chow diet. 24410749 3 3 theme weight 515:520 arg1 evolution 522:530 the weight evolution 511:530 the weight evolution 511:530 The probiotic treatment was given for 12 weeks, and it did not affect the weight evolution, although it reduced basal glycaemia and insulin resistance. 24410749 4 4 theme significant 825:835 arg1 improvement 837:847 a significant improvement 823:847 a significant improvement in gut barrier disruption 823:873 L. coryniformis administration to HFD-induced obese mice induced marked changes in microbiota composition and reduced the metabolic endotoxaemia as it decreased the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) plasma level, which was associated with a significant improvement in gut barrier disruption. 24410749 9 5 theme CECT5711 1685:1692 arg1 effect 1659:1664 an endothelial-protective effect 1633:1664 an endothelial-protective effect of L. coryniformis CECT5711 in obese mice 1633:1706 The results of the present study demonstrate an endothelial-protective effect of L. coryniformis CECT5711 in obese mice by increasing NO bioavailability, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this gut microbiota manipulation to prevent vasculopathy in obesity. 24410749 6 6 theme nitric 1135:1140 arg1 oxide 1142:1146 nitric oxide 1135:1146 nitric oxide 1135:1146 Additionally, the probiotic reversed the endothelial dysfunction observed in obese mice when endothelium- and NO (nitric oxide)-dependent vasodilatation induced by acetylcholine in aortic rings was studied. 24410749 4 7 theme marked 658:663 arg1 changes 665:671 marked changes 658:671 marked changes in microbiota composition 658:697 L. coryniformis administration to HFD-induced obese mice induced marked changes in microbiota composition and reduced the metabolic endotoxaemia as it decreased the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) plasma level, which was associated with a significant improvement in gut barrier disruption. 24410749 1 8 theme low-grade 199:207 arg1 status 222:227 a low-grade inflammatory status 197:227 a low-grade inflammatory status 197:227 Obesity is associated with intestine dysbiosis and is characterized by a low-grade inflammatory status, which affects vascular function. 24410749 9 9 theme obese 1697:1701 arg1 mice 1703:1706 obese mice 1697:1706 obese mice 1697:1706 The results of the present study demonstrate an endothelial-protective effect of L. coryniformis CECT5711 in obese mice by increasing NO bioavailability, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this gut microbiota manipulation to prevent vasculopathy in obesity. 24410749 6 10 theme aortic 1202:1207 arg1 rings 1209:1213 aortic rings 1202:1213 aortic rings 1202:1213 Additionally, the probiotic reversed the endothelial dysfunction observed in obese mice when endothelium- and NO (nitric oxide)-dependent vasodilatation induced by acetylcholine in aortic rings was studied. 24410749 4 11 theme HFD-induced 627:637 arg1 mice 645:648 HFD-induced obese mice 627:648 HFD-induced obese mice 627:648 L. coryniformis administration to HFD-induced obese mice induced marked changes in microbiota composition and reduced the metabolic endotoxaemia as it decreased the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) plasma level, which was associated with a significant improvement in gut barrier disruption. 24410749 7 12 located observed 1284:1291 arg2 levels 1277:1282 the increased vessel superoxide levels 1245:1282 the increased vessel superoxide levels observed in obese mice 1245:1305 It also restored the increased vessel superoxide levels observed in obese mice, by reducing NADPH oxidase activity and increasing antioxidant enzymes. 24410749 7 12 located observed 1284:1291 arg1 mice 1302:1305 obese mice 1296:1305 obese mice 1296:1305 It also restored the increased vessel superoxide levels observed in obese mice, by reducing NADPH oxidase activity and increasing antioxidant enzymes. 24410749 8 13 theme endothelial 1448:1458 arg1 dysfunction 1460:1470 endothelial dysfunction 1448:1470 endothelial dysfunction 1448:1470 Moreover, chronic probiotic administration for 2 weeks also improved endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress induced by in vivo administration of LPS in control mice fed on a standard chow diet. 24410749 4 14 dep L. 593:594 arg1 coryniformis 596:607 coryniformis 596:607 coryniformis 596:607 L. coryniformis administration to HFD-induced obese mice induced marked changes in microbiota composition and reduced the metabolic endotoxaemia as it decreased the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) plasma level, which was associated with a significant improvement in gut barrier disruption. 24410749 3 15 theme basal 553:557 arg1 glycaemia 559:567 basal glycaemia 553:567 basal glycaemia 553:567 The probiotic treatment was given for 12 weeks, and it did not affect the weight evolution, although it reduced basal glycaemia and insulin resistance. 24410749 4 16 theme metabolic 715:723 arg1 endotoxaemia 725:736 the metabolic endotoxaemia 711:736 the metabolic endotoxaemia 711:736 L. coryniformis administration to HFD-induced obese mice induced marked changes in microbiota composition and reduced the metabolic endotoxaemia as it decreased the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) plasma level, which was associated with a significant improvement in gut barrier disruption. 24410749 2 17 theme present 270:276 arg1 study 278:282 the present study 266:282 the present study 266:282 In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a probiotic with immunomodulatory properties, Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711, in obese mice fed on an HFD (high-fat diet). 24410749 5 18 theme necrosis 913:920 arg1 factor 922:927 tumour necrosis factor α 906:929 tumour necrosis factor α 906:929 Furthermore, it lowered TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) expression in liver, improving the inflammatory status, and thus the glucose metabolism. 24410749 5 18 theme necrosis 913:920 arg1 TNFα 900:903 TNFα 900:903 TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) expression in liver 900:950 Furthermore, it lowered TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) expression in liver, improving the inflammatory status, and thus the glucose metabolism. 24410749 8 19 theme oxidative 1485:1493 arg1 stress 1495:1500 vascular oxidative stress 1476:1500 vascular oxidative stress 1476:1500 Moreover, chronic probiotic administration for 2 weeks also improved endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress induced by in vivo administration of LPS in control mice fed on a standard chow diet. 24410749 7 20 theme NADPH 1320:1324 arg1 activity 1334:1341 NADPH oxidase activity 1320:1341 NADPH oxidase activity 1320:1341 It also restored the increased vessel superoxide levels observed in obese mice, by reducing NADPH oxidase activity and increasing antioxidant enzymes. 24410749 0 21 theme pro-oxidant 71:81 arg1 status 104:109 the vascular pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory status 58:109 the vascular pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory status in obese mice 58:123 The probiotic Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 reduces the vascular pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory status in obese mice. 24410749 0 22 theme pro-inflammatory 87:102 arg1 status 104:109 the vascular pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory status 58:109 the vascular pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory status in obese mice 58:123 The probiotic Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 reduces the vascular pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory status in obese mice. 24410749 8 23 theme in 1513:1514 arg1 administration 1521:1534 in vivo administration 1513:1534 in vivo administration of LPS in control mice fed on a standard chow diet 1513:1585 Moreover, chronic probiotic administration for 2 weeks also improved endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress induced by in vivo administration of LPS in control mice fed on a standard chow diet. 24410749 4 24 theme LPS 758:760 arg1 level 790:794 the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) plasma level 754:794 the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) plasma level 754:794 L. coryniformis administration to HFD-induced obese mice induced marked changes in microbiota composition and reduced the metabolic endotoxaemia as it decreased the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) plasma level, which was associated with a significant improvement in gut barrier disruption. 24410749 6 25 from acetylcholine 1185:1197 arg1 rings 1209:1213 aortic rings 1202:1213 aortic rings 1202:1213 Additionally, the probiotic reversed the endothelial dysfunction observed in obese mice when endothelium- and NO (nitric oxide)-dependent vasodilatation induced by acetylcholine in aortic rings was studied. 24410749 9 26 theme microbiota 1791:1800 arg1 manipulation 1802:1813 this gut microbiota manipulation 1782:1813 this gut microbiota manipulation 1782:1813 The results of the present study demonstrate an endothelial-protective effect of L. coryniformis CECT5711 in obese mice by increasing NO bioavailability, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this gut microbiota manipulation to prevent vasculopathy in obesity. 24410749 4 27 theme lipopolysaccharide 763:780 arg1 level 790:794 the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) plasma level 754:794 the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) plasma level 754:794 L. coryniformis administration to HFD-induced obese mice induced marked changes in microbiota composition and reduced the metabolic endotoxaemia as it decreased the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) plasma level, which was associated with a significant improvement in gut barrier disruption. 24410749 8 28 theme LPS 1539:1541 arg1 administration 1521:1534 in vivo administration 1513:1534 in vivo administration of LPS in control mice fed on a standard chow diet 1513:1585 Moreover, chronic probiotic administration for 2 weeks also improved endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress induced by in vivo administration of LPS in control mice fed on a standard chow diet. 24410749 2 29 theme obese 399:403 arg1 mice 405:408 obese mice 399:408 obese mice fed on an HFD (high-fat diet) 399:438 In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a probiotic with immunomodulatory properties, Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711, in obese mice fed on an HFD (high-fat diet). 24410749 9 30 theme L. 1669:1670 arg1 CECT5711 1685:1692 L. coryniformis CECT5711 1669:1692 L. coryniformis CECT5711 1669:1692 The results of the present study demonstrate an endothelial-protective effect of L. coryniformis CECT5711 in obese mice by increasing NO bioavailability, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this gut microbiota manipulation to prevent vasculopathy in obesity. 24410749 8 31 theme control 1546:1552 arg1 mice 1554:1557 control mice 1546:1557 control mice fed on a standard chow diet 1546:1585 Moreover, chronic probiotic administration for 2 weeks also improved endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress induced by in vivo administration of LPS in control mice fed on a standard chow diet. 24410749 0 32 theme Lactobacillus 14:26 arg1 CECT5711 41:48 The probiotic Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 0:48 The probiotic Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 0:48 The probiotic Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 reduces the vascular pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory status in obese mice. 24410749 7 33 theme obese 1296:1300 arg1 mice 1302:1305 obese mice 1296:1305 obese mice 1296:1305 It also restored the increased vessel superoxide levels observed in obese mice, by reducing NADPH oxidase activity and increasing antioxidant enzymes. 24410749 8 34 theme probiotic 1397:1405 arg1 administration 1407:1420 chronic probiotic administration 1389:1420 chronic probiotic administration for 2 weeks 1389:1432 Moreover, chronic probiotic administration for 2 weeks also improved endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress induced by in vivo administration of LPS in control mice fed on a standard chow diet. 24410749 8 35 from administration 1521:1534 arg1 mice 1554:1557 control mice 1546:1557 control mice fed on a standard chow diet 1546:1585 Moreover, chronic probiotic administration for 2 weeks also improved endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress induced by in vivo administration of LPS in control mice fed on a standard chow diet. 24410749 5 36 theme glucose 1001:1007 arg1 metabolism 1009:1018 the glucose metabolism 997:1018 the glucose metabolism 997:1018 Furthermore, it lowered TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) expression in liver, improving the inflammatory status, and thus the glucose metabolism. 24410749 7 37 theme superoxide 1266:1275 arg1 levels 1277:1282 the increased vessel superoxide levels 1245:1282 the increased vessel superoxide levels observed in obese mice 1245:1305 It also restored the increased vessel superoxide levels observed in obese mice, by reducing NADPH oxidase activity and increasing antioxidant enzymes. 24410749 8 38 theme chow 1577:1580 arg1 diet 1582:1585 a standard chow diet 1566:1585 a standard chow diet 1566:1585 Moreover, chronic probiotic administration for 2 weeks also improved endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress induced by in vivo administration of LPS in control mice fed on a standard chow diet. 24410749 4 39 theme plasma 783:788 arg1 level 790:794 the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) plasma level 754:794 the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) plasma level 754:794 L. coryniformis administration to HFD-induced obese mice induced marked changes in microbiota composition and reduced the metabolic endotoxaemia as it decreased the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) plasma level, which was associated with a significant improvement in gut barrier disruption. 24410749 2 40 theme immunomodulatory 330:345 arg1 properties 347:356 immunomodulatory properties 330:356 immunomodulatory properties 330:356 In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a probiotic with immunomodulatory properties, Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711, in obese mice fed on an HFD (high-fat diet). 24410749 5 41 from expression 932:941 arg1 liver 946:950 liver 946:950 liver 946:950 Furthermore, it lowered TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) expression in liver, improving the inflammatory status, and thus the glucose metabolism. 24410749 5 42 theme inflammatory 967:978 arg1 status 980:985 the inflammatory status 963:985 the inflammatory status 963:985 Furthermore, it lowered TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) expression in liver, improving the inflammatory status, and thus the glucose metabolism. 24410749 6 43 theme obese 1098:1102 arg1 mice 1104:1107 obese mice 1098:1107 obese mice 1098:1107 Additionally, the probiotic reversed the endothelial dysfunction observed in obese mice when endothelium- and NO (nitric oxide)-dependent vasodilatation induced by acetylcholine in aortic rings was studied. 24410749 4 44 theme gut 852:854 arg1 disruption 864:873 gut barrier disruption 852:873 gut barrier disruption 852:873 L. coryniformis administration to HFD-induced obese mice induced marked changes in microbiota composition and reduced the metabolic endotoxaemia as it decreased the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) plasma level, which was associated with a significant improvement in gut barrier disruption. 24410749 6 45 theme endothelial 1062:1072 arg1 dysfunction 1074:1084 the endothelial dysfunction 1058:1084 the endothelial dysfunction observed in obese mice 1058:1107 Additionally, the probiotic reversed the endothelial dysfunction observed in obese mice when endothelium- and NO (nitric oxide)-dependent vasodilatation induced by acetylcholine in aortic rings was studied. 24410749 4 46 from changes 665:671 arg1 composition 687:697 microbiota composition 676:697 microbiota composition 676:697 L. coryniformis administration to HFD-induced obese mice induced marked changes in microbiota composition and reduced the metabolic endotoxaemia as it decreased the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) plasma level, which was associated with a significant improvement in gut barrier disruption. 24410749 9 47 from vasculopathy 1826:1837 arg1 obesity 1842:1848 obesity 1842:1848 obesity 1842:1848 The results of the present study demonstrate an endothelial-protective effect of L. coryniformis CECT5711 in obese mice by increasing NO bioavailability, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this gut microbiota manipulation to prevent vasculopathy in obesity. 24410749 6 48 theme -dependent 1148:1157 arg1 vasodilatation 1159:1172 endothelium- and NO (nitric oxide)-dependent vasodilatation 1114:1172 endothelium- and NO (nitric oxide)-dependent vasodilatation induced by acetylcholine in aortic rings 1114:1213 Additionally, the probiotic reversed the endothelial dysfunction observed in obese mice when endothelium- and NO (nitric oxide)-dependent vasodilatation induced by acetylcholine in aortic rings was studied. 24410749 9 49 theme coryniformis 1672:1683 arg1 CECT5711 1685:1692 L. coryniformis CECT5711 1669:1692 L. coryniformis CECT5711 1669:1692 The results of the present study demonstrate an endothelial-protective effect of L. coryniformis CECT5711 in obese mice by increasing NO bioavailability, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this gut microbiota manipulation to prevent vasculopathy in obesity. 24410749 4 50 theme obese 639:643 arg1 mice 645:648 HFD-induced obese mice 627:648 HFD-induced obese mice 627:648 L. coryniformis administration to HFD-induced obese mice induced marked changes in microbiota composition and reduced the metabolic endotoxaemia as it decreased the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) plasma level, which was associated with a significant improvement in gut barrier disruption. 24410749 2 51 theme probiotic 315:323 arg1 effects 302:308 the effects 298:308 the effects of a probiotic with immunomodulatory properties, Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711, in obese mice fed on an HFD (high-fat diet) 298:438 In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a probiotic with immunomodulatory properties, Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711, in obese mice fed on an HFD (high-fat diet). 24410749 1 52 theme inflammatory 209:220 arg1 status 222:227 a low-grade inflammatory status 197:227 a low-grade inflammatory status 197:227 Obesity is associated with intestine dysbiosis and is characterized by a low-grade inflammatory status, which affects vascular function. 24410749 6 53 located observed 1086:1093 arg1 mice 1104:1107 obese mice 1098:1107 obese mice 1098:1107 Additionally, the probiotic reversed the endothelial dysfunction observed in obese mice when endothelium- and NO (nitric oxide)-dependent vasodilatation induced by acetylcholine in aortic rings was studied. 24410749 6 53 located observed 1086:1093 arg2 dysfunction 1074:1084 the endothelial dysfunction 1058:1084 the endothelial dysfunction observed in obese mice 1058:1107 Additionally, the probiotic reversed the endothelial dysfunction observed in obese mice when endothelium- and NO (nitric oxide)-dependent vasodilatation induced by acetylcholine in aortic rings was studied. 24410749 9 54 from effect 1659:1664 arg1 mice 1703:1706 obese mice 1697:1706 obese mice 1697:1706 The results of the present study demonstrate an endothelial-protective effect of L. coryniformis CECT5711 in obese mice by increasing NO bioavailability, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this gut microbiota manipulation to prevent vasculopathy in obesity. 24410749 6 55 dep -dependent 1148:1157 arg1 NO 1131:1132 NO 1131:1132 NO 1131:1132 Additionally, the probiotic reversed the endothelial dysfunction observed in obese mice when endothelium- and NO (nitric oxide)-dependent vasodilatation induced by acetylcholine in aortic rings was studied. 24410749 6 55 dep -dependent 1148:1157 arg1 oxide 1142:1146 nitric oxide 1135:1146 nitric oxide 1135:1146 Additionally, the probiotic reversed the endothelial dysfunction observed in obese mice when endothelium- and NO (nitric oxide)-dependent vasodilatation induced by acetylcholine in aortic rings was studied. 24410749 6 55 dep -dependent 1148:1157 arg1 endothelium- 1114:1125 endothelium- 1114:1125 endothelium- 1114:1125 Additionally, the probiotic reversed the endothelial dysfunction observed in obese mice when endothelium- and NO (nitric oxide)-dependent vasodilatation induced by acetylcholine in aortic rings was studied. 24410749 5 56 theme TNFα 900:903 arg1 expression 932:941 TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) expression 900:941 TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) expression in liver 900:950 Furthermore, it lowered TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) expression in liver, improving the inflammatory status, and thus the glucose metabolism. 24410749 8 57 theme vascular 1476:1483 arg1 stress 1495:1500 vascular oxidative stress 1476:1500 vascular oxidative stress 1476:1500 Moreover, chronic probiotic administration for 2 weeks also improved endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress induced by in vivo administration of LPS in control mice fed on a standard chow diet. 24410749 7 58 theme antioxidant 1358:1368 arg1 enzymes 1370:1376 antioxidant enzymes 1358:1376 antioxidant enzymes 1358:1376 It also restored the increased vessel superoxide levels observed in obese mice, by reducing NADPH oxidase activity and increasing antioxidant enzymes. 24410749 5 59 theme tumour 906:911 arg1 factor 922:927 tumour necrosis factor α 906:929 tumour necrosis factor α 906:929 Furthermore, it lowered TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) expression in liver, improving the inflammatory status, and thus the glucose metabolism. 24410749 5 59 theme tumour 906:911 arg1 TNFα 900:903 TNFα 900:903 TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) expression in liver 900:950 Furthermore, it lowered TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) expression in liver, improving the inflammatory status, and thus the glucose metabolism. 24410749 3 60 theme insulin 573:579 arg1 resistance 581:590 insulin resistance 573:590 insulin resistance 573:590 The probiotic treatment was given for 12 weeks, and it did not affect the weight evolution, although it reduced basal glycaemia and insulin resistance. 24410749 1 61 theme intestine 153:161 arg1 dysbiosis 163:171 intestine dysbiosis 153:171 intestine dysbiosis 153:171 Obesity is associated with intestine dysbiosis and is characterized by a low-grade inflammatory status, which affects vascular function. 24410749 9 62 theme therapeutic 1757:1767 arg1 potential 1769:1777 the therapeutic potential 1753:1777 the therapeutic potential of this gut microbiota manipulation to prevent vasculopathy in obesity 1753:1848 The results of the present study demonstrate an endothelial-protective effect of L. coryniformis CECT5711 in obese mice by increasing NO bioavailability, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this gut microbiota manipulation to prevent vasculopathy in obesity. 24410749 7 63 theme oxidase 1326:1332 arg1 activity 1334:1341 NADPH oxidase activity 1320:1341 NADPH oxidase activity 1320:1341 It also restored the increased vessel superoxide levels observed in obese mice, by reducing NADPH oxidase activity and increasing antioxidant enzymes. 24410749 2 64 from effects 302:308 arg1 mice 405:408 obese mice 399:408 obese mice fed on an HFD (high-fat diet) 399:438 In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a probiotic with immunomodulatory properties, Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711, in obese mice fed on an HFD (high-fat diet). 24410749 4 65 theme microbiota 676:685 arg1 composition 687:697 microbiota composition 676:697 microbiota composition 676:697 L. coryniformis administration to HFD-induced obese mice induced marked changes in microbiota composition and reduced the metabolic endotoxaemia as it decreased the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) plasma level, which was associated with a significant improvement in gut barrier disruption. 24410749 0 66 from status 104:109 arg1 mice 120:123 obese mice 114:123 obese mice 114:123 The probiotic Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 reduces the vascular pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory status in obese mice. 24410749 0 67 theme obese 114:118 arg1 mice 120:123 obese mice 114:123 obese mice 114:123 The probiotic Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 reduces the vascular pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory status in obese mice. 24410749 9 68 theme present 1607:1613 arg1 study 1615:1619 the present study 1603:1619 the present study 1603:1619 The results of the present study demonstrate an endothelial-protective effect of L. coryniformis CECT5711 in obese mice by increasing NO bioavailability, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this gut microbiota manipulation to prevent vasculopathy in obesity. 24410749 2 69 with probiotic 315:323 arg1 properties 347:356 immunomodulatory properties 330:356 immunomodulatory properties 330:356 In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a probiotic with immunomodulatory properties, Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711, in obese mice fed on an HFD (high-fat diet). 24410749 9 70 theme gut 1787:1789 arg1 manipulation 1802:1813 this gut microbiota manipulation 1782:1813 this gut microbiota manipulation 1782:1813 The results of the present study demonstrate an endothelial-protective effect of L. coryniformis CECT5711 in obese mice by increasing NO bioavailability, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this gut microbiota manipulation to prevent vasculopathy in obesity. 24410749 2 71 dep Lactobacillus 359:371 arg1 coryniformis 373:384 coryniformis 373:384 coryniformis 373:384 In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a probiotic with immunomodulatory properties, Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711, in obese mice fed on an HFD (high-fat diet). 24410749 7 72 theme increased 1249:1257 arg1 levels 1277:1282 the increased vessel superoxide levels 1245:1282 the increased vessel superoxide levels observed in obese mice 1245:1305 It also restored the increased vessel superoxide levels observed in obese mice, by reducing NADPH oxidase activity and increasing antioxidant enzymes. 24410749 4 73 from improvement 837:847 arg1 disruption 864:873 gut barrier disruption 852:873 gut barrier disruption 852:873 L. coryniformis administration to HFD-induced obese mice induced marked changes in microbiota composition and reduced the metabolic endotoxaemia as it decreased the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) plasma level, which was associated with a significant improvement in gut barrier disruption. 24410749 9 74 theme manipulation 1802:1813 arg1 potential 1769:1777 the therapeutic potential 1753:1777 the therapeutic potential of this gut microbiota manipulation to prevent vasculopathy in obesity 1753:1848 The results of the present study demonstrate an endothelial-protective effect of L. coryniformis CECT5711 in obese mice by increasing NO bioavailability, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this gut microbiota manipulation to prevent vasculopathy in obesity. 24410749 0 75 theme probiotic 4:12 arg1 CECT5711 41:48 The probiotic Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 0:48 The probiotic Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 0:48 The probiotic Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 reduces the vascular pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory status in obese mice. 24410749 9 76 theme endothelial-protective 1636:1657 arg1 effect 1659:1664 an endothelial-protective effect 1633:1664 an endothelial-protective effect of L. coryniformis CECT5711 in obese mice 1633:1706 The results of the present study demonstrate an endothelial-protective effect of L. coryniformis CECT5711 in obese mice by increasing NO bioavailability, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this gut microbiota manipulation to prevent vasculopathy in obesity. 24410749 5 77 dep lowered 892:898 arg1 metabolism 1009:1018 the glucose metabolism 997:1018 the glucose metabolism 997:1018 Furthermore, it lowered TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) expression in liver, improving the inflammatory status, and thus the glucose metabolism. 24410749 5 77 dep lowered 892:898 arg1 improving 953:961 improving 953:961 improving the inflammatory status 953:985 Furthermore, it lowered TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) expression in liver, improving the inflammatory status, and thus the glucose metabolism. 24410749 0 78 theme coryniformis 28:39 arg1 CECT5711 41:48 The probiotic Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 0:48 The probiotic Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 0:48 The probiotic Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 reduces the vascular pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory status in obese mice. 24410749 2 79 theme high-fat 425:432 arg1 HFD 420:422 an HFD 417:422 an HFD (high-fat diet) 417:438 In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a probiotic with immunomodulatory properties, Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711, in obese mice fed on an HFD (high-fat diet). 24410749 2 79 theme high-fat 425:432 arg1 diet 434:437 high-fat diet 425:437 high-fat diet 425:437 In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a probiotic with immunomodulatory properties, Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711, in obese mice fed on an HFD (high-fat diet). 24410749 8 80 theme standard 1568:1575 arg1 diet 1582:1585 a standard chow diet 1566:1585 a standard chow diet 1566:1585 Moreover, chronic probiotic administration for 2 weeks also improved endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress induced by in vivo administration of LPS in control mice fed on a standard chow diet. 24410749 3 81 theme probiotic 445:453 arg1 treatment 455:463 The probiotic treatment 441:463 The probiotic treatment 441:463 The probiotic treatment was given for 12 weeks, and it did not affect the weight evolution, although it reduced basal glycaemia and insulin resistance. 24410749 0 82 theme vascular 62:69 arg1 status 104:109 the vascular pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory status 58:109 the vascular pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory status in obese mice 58:123 The probiotic Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 reduces the vascular pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory status in obese mice. 24410749 7 83 theme vessel 1259:1264 arg1 levels 1277:1282 the increased vessel superoxide levels 1245:1282 the increased vessel superoxide levels observed in obese mice 1245:1305 It also restored the increased vessel superoxide levels observed in obese mice, by reducing NADPH oxidase activity and increasing antioxidant enzymes. 24410749 8 84 theme chronic 1389:1395 arg1 administration 1407:1420 chronic probiotic administration 1389:1420 chronic probiotic administration for 2 weeks 1389:1432 Moreover, chronic probiotic administration for 2 weeks also improved endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress induced by in vivo administration of LPS in control mice fed on a standard chow diet. 24410749 1 85 theme vascular 244:251 arg1 function 253:260 vascular function 244:260 vascular function 244:260 Obesity is associated with intestine dysbiosis and is characterized by a low-grade inflammatory status, which affects vascular function. 24410749 9 86 theme study 1615:1619 arg1 results 1592:1598 The results 1588:1598 The results of the present study 1588:1619 The results of the present study demonstrate an endothelial-protective effect of L. coryniformis CECT5711 in obese mice by increasing NO bioavailability, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this gut microbiota manipulation to prevent vasculopathy in obesity. 24410749 4 87 theme L. 593:594 arg1 administration 609:622 L. coryniformis administration 593:622 L. coryniformis administration to HFD-induced obese mice 593:648 L. coryniformis administration to HFD-induced obese mice induced marked changes in microbiota composition and reduced the metabolic endotoxaemia as it decreased the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) plasma level, which was associated with a significant improvement in gut barrier disruption. 28733407 4 0 theme enzymatic 679:687 arg1 degradations 702:713 specific enzymatic and chemical degradations 670:713 specific enzymatic and chemical degradations of purified cell walls 670:736 Here, we provide information about this structure and the current reliable methods for rapid analysis of the cell wall polymers by specific enzymatic and chemical degradations of purified cell walls. 28733407 3 1 theme valuable 490:497 arg1 data 499:502 valuable data 490:502 valuable data in S. pombe morphogenetic studies 490:536 Additionally, the cell wall determines the cell shape and, therefore, a better knowledge of cell wall structure and composition could provide valuable data in S. pombe morphogenetic studies. 28733407 4 2 theme specific 670:677 arg1 degradations 702:713 specific enzymatic and chemical degradations 670:713 specific enzymatic and chemical degradations of purified cell walls 670:736 Here, we provide information about this structure and the current reliable methods for rapid analysis of the cell wall polymers by specific enzymatic and chemical degradations of purified cell walls. 28733407 3 3 from data 499:502 arg1 studies 530:536 S. pombe morphogenetic studies 507:536 S. pombe morphogenetic studies 507:536 Additionally, the cell wall determines the cell shape and, therefore, a better knowledge of cell wall structure and composition could provide valuable data in S. pombe morphogenetic studies. 28733407 2 4 theme turgor 288:293 arg1 pressure 295:302 internal turgor pressure 279:302 internal turgor pressure 279:302 It is essential for survival of the fission yeast, as it prevents cells from bursting from internal turgor pressure and protects them from mechanical injuries. 28733407 4 5 theme walls 732:736 arg1 degradations 702:713 specific enzymatic and chemical degradations 670:713 specific enzymatic and chemical degradations of purified cell walls 670:736 Here, we provide information about this structure and the current reliable methods for rapid analysis of the cell wall polymers by specific enzymatic and chemical degradations of purified cell walls. 28733407 3 6 theme cell 366:369 arg1 wall 371:374 the cell wall 362:374 the cell wall 362:374 Additionally, the cell wall determines the cell shape and, therefore, a better knowledge of cell wall structure and composition could provide valuable data in S. pombe morphogenetic studies. 28733407 1 7 theme cell 64:67 arg1 wall 69:72 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell wall 34:72 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell wall 34:72 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell wall is a rigid exoskeletal structure mainly composed of interlinked glucose polysaccharides and galactomannoproteins. 28733407 1 7 theme cell 64:67 arg1 structure 97:105 a rigid exoskeletal structure 77:105 a rigid exoskeletal structure mainly composed of interlinked glucose polysaccharides and galactomannoproteins 77:185 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell wall is a rigid exoskeletal structure mainly composed of interlinked glucose polysaccharides and galactomannoproteins. 28733407 2 8 theme internal 279:286 arg1 pressure 295:302 internal turgor pressure 279:302 internal turgor pressure 279:302 It is essential for survival of the fission yeast, as it prevents cells from bursting from internal turgor pressure and protects them from mechanical injuries. 28733407 3 9 theme better 420:425 arg1 knowledge 427:435 a better knowledge 418:435 a better knowledge of cell wall structure and composition 418:474 Additionally, the cell wall determines the cell shape and, therefore, a better knowledge of cell wall structure and composition could provide valuable data in S. pombe morphogenetic studies. 28733407 0 10 theme Fission 0:6 arg1 Analysis 24:31 Fission Yeast Cell Wall Analysis 0:31 Fission Yeast Cell Wall Analysis 0:31 Fission Yeast Cell Wall Analysis. 28733407 0 11 theme Yeast 8:12 arg1 Analysis 24:31 Fission Yeast Cell Wall Analysis 0:31 Fission Yeast Cell Wall Analysis 0:31 Fission Yeast Cell Wall Analysis. 28733407 4 12 theme cell 727:730 arg1 walls 732:736 purified cell walls 718:736 purified cell walls 718:736 Here, we provide information about this structure and the current reliable methods for rapid analysis of the cell wall polymers by specific enzymatic and chemical degradations of purified cell walls. 28733407 4 13 theme wall 653:656 arg1 polymers 658:665 the cell wall polymers 644:665 the cell wall polymers 644:665 Here, we provide information about this structure and the current reliable methods for rapid analysis of the cell wall polymers by specific enzymatic and chemical degradations of purified cell walls. 28733407 3 14 theme cell 391:394 arg1 shape 396:400 the cell shape 387:400 the cell shape 387:400 Additionally, the cell wall determines the cell shape and, therefore, a better knowledge of cell wall structure and composition could provide valuable data in S. pombe morphogenetic studies. 28733407 1 15 theme rigid 79:83 arg1 wall 69:72 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell wall 34:72 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell wall 34:72 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell wall is a rigid exoskeletal structure mainly composed of interlinked glucose polysaccharides and galactomannoproteins. 28733407 1 15 theme rigid 79:83 arg1 structure 97:105 a rigid exoskeletal structure 77:105 a rigid exoskeletal structure mainly composed of interlinked glucose polysaccharides and galactomannoproteins 77:185 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell wall is a rigid exoskeletal structure mainly composed of interlinked glucose polysaccharides and galactomannoproteins. 28733407 4 16 theme cell 648:651 arg1 polymers 658:665 the cell wall polymers 644:665 the cell wall polymers 644:665 Here, we provide information about this structure and the current reliable methods for rapid analysis of the cell wall polymers by specific enzymatic and chemical degradations of purified cell walls. 28733407 0 17 theme Wall 19:22 arg1 Analysis 24:31 Fission Yeast Cell Wall Analysis 0:31 Fission Yeast Cell Wall Analysis 0:31 Fission Yeast Cell Wall Analysis. 28733407 4 18 theme purified 718:725 arg1 walls 732:736 purified cell walls 718:736 purified cell walls 718:736 Here, we provide information about this structure and the current reliable methods for rapid analysis of the cell wall polymers by specific enzymatic and chemical degradations of purified cell walls. 28733407 1 19 theme exoskeletal 85:95 arg1 wall 69:72 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell wall 34:72 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell wall 34:72 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell wall is a rigid exoskeletal structure mainly composed of interlinked glucose polysaccharides and galactomannoproteins. 28733407 1 19 theme exoskeletal 85:95 arg1 structure 97:105 a rigid exoskeletal structure 77:105 a rigid exoskeletal structure mainly composed of interlinked glucose polysaccharides and galactomannoproteins 77:185 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell wall is a rigid exoskeletal structure mainly composed of interlinked glucose polysaccharides and galactomannoproteins. 28733407 3 20 theme wall 445:448 arg1 knowledge 427:435 a better knowledge 418:435 a better knowledge of cell wall structure and composition 418:474 Additionally, the cell wall determines the cell shape and, therefore, a better knowledge of cell wall structure and composition could provide valuable data in S. pombe morphogenetic studies. 28733407 0 21 theme Cell 14:17 arg1 Analysis 24:31 Fission Yeast Cell Wall Analysis 0:31 Fission Yeast Cell Wall Analysis 0:31 Fission Yeast Cell Wall Analysis. 28733407 3 22 dep S. 507:508 arg1 pombe 510:514 pombe 510:514 pombe 510:514 Additionally, the cell wall determines the cell shape and, therefore, a better knowledge of cell wall structure and composition could provide valuable data in S. pombe morphogenetic studies. 28733407 1 23 dep Schizosaccharomyces 38:56 arg1 pombe 58:62 pombe 58:62 pombe 58:62 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell wall is a rigid exoskeletal structure mainly composed of interlinked glucose polysaccharides and galactomannoproteins. 28733407 3 24 theme cell 440:443 arg1 wall 445:448 cell wall structure and composition 440:474 cell wall structure and composition 440:474 Additionally, the cell wall determines the cell shape and, therefore, a better knowledge of cell wall structure and composition could provide valuable data in S. pombe morphogenetic studies. 28733407 2 25 theme yeast 232:236 arg1 survival 208:215 survival 208:215 survival of the fission yeast 208:236 It is essential for survival of the fission yeast, as it prevents cells from bursting from internal turgor pressure and protects them from mechanical injuries. 28733407 4 26 theme chemical 693:700 arg1 degradations 702:713 specific enzymatic and chemical degradations 670:713 specific enzymatic and chemical degradations of purified cell walls 670:736 Here, we provide information about this structure and the current reliable methods for rapid analysis of the cell wall polymers by specific enzymatic and chemical degradations of purified cell walls. 28733407 1 27 link interlinked 126:136 arg1 polysaccharides 146:160 interlinked glucose polysaccharides 126:160 interlinked glucose polysaccharides 126:160 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell wall is a rigid exoskeletal structure mainly composed of interlinked glucose polysaccharides and galactomannoproteins. 28733407 2 28 theme fission 224:230 arg1 yeast 232:236 the fission yeast 220:236 the fission yeast 220:236 It is essential for survival of the fission yeast, as it prevents cells from bursting from internal turgor pressure and protects them from mechanical injuries. 28733407 4 29 theme polymers 658:665 arg1 analysis 632:639 rapid analysis 626:639 rapid analysis of the cell wall polymers by specific enzymatic and chemical degradations of purified cell walls 626:736 Here, we provide information about this structure and the current reliable methods for rapid analysis of the cell wall polymers by specific enzymatic and chemical degradations of purified cell walls. 28733407 2 30 theme mechanical 327:336 arg1 injuries 338:345 mechanical injuries 327:345 mechanical injuries 327:345 It is essential for survival of the fission yeast, as it prevents cells from bursting from internal turgor pressure and protects them from mechanical injuries. 28733407 2 31 from bursting 265:272 arg1 cells 254:258 cells 254:258 cells from bursting 254:272 It is essential for survival of the fission yeast, as it prevents cells from bursting from internal turgor pressure and protects them from mechanical injuries. 28733407 3 32 theme morphogenetic 516:528 arg1 studies 530:536 S. pombe morphogenetic studies 507:536 S. pombe morphogenetic studies 507:536 Additionally, the cell wall determines the cell shape and, therefore, a better knowledge of cell wall structure and composition could provide valuable data in S. pombe morphogenetic studies. 28733407 1 33 theme interlinked 126:136 arg1 polysaccharides 146:160 interlinked glucose polysaccharides 126:160 interlinked glucose polysaccharides 126:160 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell wall is a rigid exoskeletal structure mainly composed of interlinked glucose polysaccharides and galactomannoproteins. 28733407 4 34 theme rapid 626:630 arg1 analysis 632:639 rapid analysis 626:639 rapid analysis of the cell wall polymers by specific enzymatic and chemical degradations of purified cell walls 626:736 Here, we provide information about this structure and the current reliable methods for rapid analysis of the cell wall polymers by specific enzymatic and chemical degradations of purified cell walls. 28733407 3 35 dep wall 445:448 arg1 composition 464:474 composition 464:474 composition 464:474 Additionally, the cell wall determines the cell shape and, therefore, a better knowledge of cell wall structure and composition could provide valuable data in S. pombe morphogenetic studies. 28733407 3 35 dep wall 445:448 arg1 structure 450:458 structure 450:458 structure 450:458 Additionally, the cell wall determines the cell shape and, therefore, a better knowledge of cell wall structure and composition could provide valuable data in S. pombe morphogenetic studies. 28733407 1 36 theme glucose 138:144 arg1 polysaccharides 146:160 interlinked glucose polysaccharides 126:160 interlinked glucose polysaccharides 126:160 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell wall is a rigid exoskeletal structure mainly composed of interlinked glucose polysaccharides and galactomannoproteins. 28733407 4 37 theme reliable 605:612 arg1 methods 614:620 the current reliable methods 593:620 the current reliable methods for rapid analysis of the cell wall polymers by specific enzymatic and chemical degradations of purified cell walls 593:736 Here, we provide information about this structure and the current reliable methods for rapid analysis of the cell wall polymers by specific enzymatic and chemical degradations of purified cell walls. 28733407 1 38 theme Schizosaccharomyces 38:56 arg1 wall 69:72 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell wall 34:72 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell wall 34:72 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell wall is a rigid exoskeletal structure mainly composed of interlinked glucose polysaccharides and galactomannoproteins. 28733407 1 38 theme Schizosaccharomyces 38:56 arg1 structure 97:105 a rigid exoskeletal structure 77:105 a rigid exoskeletal structure mainly composed of interlinked glucose polysaccharides and galactomannoproteins 77:185 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell wall is a rigid exoskeletal structure mainly composed of interlinked glucose polysaccharides and galactomannoproteins. 28733407 3 39 theme S. 507:508 arg1 studies 530:536 S. pombe morphogenetic studies 507:536 S. pombe morphogenetic studies 507:536 Additionally, the cell wall determines the cell shape and, therefore, a better knowledge of cell wall structure and composition could provide valuable data in S. pombe morphogenetic studies. 28733407 4 40 theme current 597:603 arg1 methods 614:620 the current reliable methods 593:620 the current reliable methods for rapid analysis of the cell wall polymers by specific enzymatic and chemical degradations of purified cell walls 593:736 Here, we provide information about this structure and the current reliable methods for rapid analysis of the cell wall polymers by specific enzymatic and chemical degradations of purified cell walls. 28490118 6 0 theme spectroscopic 979:991 arg1 analysis 993:1000 The vibrational spectroscopic analysis 963:1000 The vibrational spectroscopic analysis 963:1000 The vibrational spectroscopic analysis confirms that grape seed phenolic extractability is influenced by the cell wall composition (polysaccharides, lignins, pectins) and by the degree of esterification of pectins. 28490118 6 1 theme phenolic 1027:1034 arg1 extractability 1036:1049 grape seed phenolic extractability 1016:1049 grape seed phenolic extractability 1016:1049 The vibrational spectroscopic analysis confirms that grape seed phenolic extractability is influenced by the cell wall composition (polysaccharides, lignins, pectins) and by the degree of esterification of pectins. 28490118 0 2 theme ATR-FTIR 60:67 arg1 spectroscopy 79:90 ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy 60:90 spectroscopy 79:90 Study of phenolic extractability in grape seeds by means of ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. 28490118 1 3 theme grape 149:153 arg1 seeds 155:159 grape seeds 149:159 grape seeds 149:159 Near infrared hyperspectral imaging has been applied to grape seeds in order to select a representative subset of samples according to their spectral features in the 900-1700nm range. 28490118 1 4 theme spectral 234:241 arg1 features 243:250 their spectral features 228:250 their spectral features in the 900-1700nm range 228:274 Near infrared hyperspectral imaging has been applied to grape seeds in order to select a representative subset of samples according to their spectral features in the 900-1700nm range. 28490118 5 5 theme total 725:729 arg1 Fourier 743:749 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier 714:749 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) 714:779 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectra of non-extracted seed material have been recorded and their main spectral features have been linked to extractabilities of flavanolic and total phenolic compounds. 28490118 0 6 from Study 0:4 arg1 seeds 42:46 grape seeds 36:46 grape seeds 36:46 Study of phenolic extractability in grape seeds by means of ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. 28490118 6 7 theme pectins 1169:1175 arg1 esterification 1151:1164 esterification 1151:1164 esterification of pectins 1151:1175 The vibrational spectroscopic analysis confirms that grape seed phenolic extractability is influenced by the cell wall composition (polysaccharides, lignins, pectins) and by the degree of esterification of pectins. 28490118 6 8 theme esterification 1151:1164 arg1 degree 1141:1146 the degree 1137:1146 the degree of esterification of pectins 1137:1175 The vibrational spectroscopic analysis confirms that grape seed phenolic extractability is influenced by the cell wall composition (polysaccharides, lignins, pectins) and by the degree of esterification of pectins. 28490118 6 9 theme grape 1016:1020 arg1 extractability 1036:1049 grape seed phenolic extractability 1016:1049 grape seed phenolic extractability 1016:1049 The vibrational spectroscopic analysis confirms that grape seed phenolic extractability is influenced by the cell wall composition (polysaccharides, lignins, pectins) and by the degree of esterification of pectins. 28490118 0 10 theme Raman 73:77 arg1 spectroscopy 79:90 ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy 60:90 spectroscopy 79:90 Study of phenolic extractability in grape seeds by means of ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. 28490118 5 11 attach linked 892:897 arg1 extractabilities 902:917 extractabilities 902:917 extractabilities of flavanolic and total phenolic compounds 902:960 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectra of non-extracted seed material have been recorded and their main spectral features have been linked to extractabilities of flavanolic and total phenolic compounds. 28490118 5 11 attach linked 892:897 arg2 features 873:880 their main spectral features 853:880 their main spectral features 853:880 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectra of non-extracted seed material have been recorded and their main spectral features have been linked to extractabilities of flavanolic and total phenolic compounds. 28490118 0 12 from seeds 42:46 arg1 Study 0:4 Study 0:4 Study of phenolic extractability in grape seeds by means of ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. 0:91 Study of phenolic extractability in grape seeds by means of ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. 28490118 6 13 theme wall 1077:1080 arg1 composition 1082:1092 the cell wall composition 1068:1092 the cell wall composition (polysaccharides, lignins, pectins) 1068:1128 The vibrational spectroscopic analysis confirms that grape seed phenolic extractability is influenced by the cell wall composition (polysaccharides, lignins, pectins) and by the degree of esterification of pectins. 28490118 6 14 dep composition 1082:1092 arg1 polysaccharides 1095:1109 polysaccharides 1095:1109 polysaccharides 1095:1109 The vibrational spectroscopic analysis confirms that grape seed phenolic extractability is influenced by the cell wall composition (polysaccharides, lignins, pectins) and by the degree of esterification of pectins. 28490118 6 14 dep composition 1082:1092 arg1 pectins 1121:1127 pectins 1121:1127 pectins 1121:1127 The vibrational spectroscopic analysis confirms that grape seed phenolic extractability is influenced by the cell wall composition (polysaccharides, lignins, pectins) and by the degree of esterification of pectins. 28490118 6 14 dep composition 1082:1092 arg1 lignins 1112:1118 lignins 1112:1118 lignins 1112:1118 The vibrational spectroscopic analysis confirms that grape seed phenolic extractability is influenced by the cell wall composition (polysaccharides, lignins, pectins) and by the degree of esterification of pectins. 28490118 5 15 theme main 859:862 arg1 features 873:880 their main spectral features 853:880 their main spectral features 853:880 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectra of non-extracted seed material have been recorded and their main spectral features have been linked to extractabilities of flavanolic and total phenolic compounds. 28490118 5 16 theme phenolic 943:950 arg1 compounds 952:960 flavanolic and total phenolic compounds 922:960 flavanolic and total phenolic compounds 922:960 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectra of non-extracted seed material have been recorded and their main spectral features have been linked to extractabilities of flavanolic and total phenolic compounds. 28490118 2 17 theme flavanol 367:374 arg1 extractabilities 376:391 flavanol extractabilities 367:391 flavanol extractabilities 367:391 Afterwards, selected grape seeds have been classified according to their total phenol and flavanol extractabilities. 28490118 5 18 theme non-extracted 802:814 arg1 material 821:828 non-extracted seed material 802:828 non-extracted seed material 802:828 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectra of non-extracted seed material have been recorded and their main spectral features have been linked to extractabilities of flavanolic and total phenolic compounds. 28490118 6 19 theme vibrational 967:977 arg1 analysis 993:1000 The vibrational spectroscopic analysis 963:1000 The vibrational spectroscopic analysis 963:1000 The vibrational spectroscopic analysis confirms that grape seed phenolic extractability is influenced by the cell wall composition (polysaccharides, lignins, pectins) and by the degree of esterification of pectins. 28490118 2 20 theme grape 298:302 arg1 seeds 304:308 selected grape seeds 289:308 selected grape seeds 289:308 Afterwards, selected grape seeds have been classified according to their total phenol and flavanol extractabilities. 28490118 5 21 theme seed 816:819 arg1 material 821:828 non-extracted seed material 802:828 non-extracted seed material 802:828 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectra of non-extracted seed material have been recorded and their main spectral features have been linked to extractabilities of flavanolic and total phenolic compounds. 28490118 2 22 theme selected 289:296 arg1 seeds 304:308 selected grape seeds 289:308 selected grape seeds 289:308 Afterwards, selected grape seeds have been classified according to their total phenol and flavanol extractabilities. 28490118 0 23 theme extractability 18:31 arg1 Study 0:4 Study 0:4 Study of phenolic extractability in grape seeds by means of ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. 0:91 Study of phenolic extractability in grape seeds by means of ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. 28490118 1 24 theme 900-1700nm 259:268 arg1 range 270:274 the 900-1700nm range 255:274 the 900-1700nm range 255:274 Near infrared hyperspectral imaging has been applied to grape seeds in order to select a representative subset of samples according to their spectral features in the 900-1700nm range. 28490118 1 25 from features 243:250 arg1 range 270:274 the 900-1700nm range 255:274 the 900-1700nm range 255:274 Near infrared hyperspectral imaging has been applied to grape seeds in order to select a representative subset of samples according to their spectral features in the 900-1700nm range. 28490118 3 26 theme different 436:444 arg1 groups 446:451 three different groups 430:451 three different groups identified as low, medium and high extractability levels 430:508 In this way, samples were sorted in three different groups identified as low, medium and high extractability levels. 28490118 0 27 theme phenolic 9:16 arg1 extractability 18:31 phenolic extractability 9:31 phenolic extractability in grape seeds 9:46 Study of phenolic extractability in grape seeds by means of ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. 28490118 4 28 theme chemical 537:544 arg1 structures 546:555 the chemical structures 533:555 the chemical structures which can be responsible for the different extractabilities 533:615 In order to establish the chemical structures which can be responsible for the different extractabilities, vibrational spectroscopy has been applied to the non-extracted material after seed extractions. 28490118 4 28 theme chemical 537:544 arg1 responsible 570:580 responsible 570:580 responsible 570:580 In order to establish the chemical structures which can be responsible for the different extractabilities, vibrational spectroscopy has been applied to the non-extracted material after seed extractions. 28490118 5 29 theme compounds 952:960 arg1 extractabilities 902:917 extractabilities 902:917 extractabilities of flavanolic and total phenolic compounds 902:960 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectra of non-extracted seed material have been recorded and their main spectral features have been linked to extractabilities of flavanolic and total phenolic compounds. 28490118 1 30 theme Near 93:96 arg1 imaging 121:127 Near infrared hyperspectral imaging 93:127 Near infrared hyperspectral imaging 93:127 Near infrared hyperspectral imaging has been applied to grape seeds in order to select a representative subset of samples according to their spectral features in the 900-1700nm range. 28490118 3 31 theme high 483:486 arg1 levels 503:508 high extractability levels 483:508 high extractability levels 483:508 In this way, samples were sorted in three different groups identified as low, medium and high extractability levels. 28490118 0 32 theme grape 36:40 arg1 seeds 42:46 grape seeds 36:46 grape seeds 36:46 Study of phenolic extractability in grape seeds by means of ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. 28490118 4 33 theme seed 696:699 arg1 extractions 701:711 seed extractions 696:711 seed extractions 696:711 In order to establish the chemical structures which can be responsible for the different extractabilities, vibrational spectroscopy has been applied to the non-extracted material after seed extractions. 28490118 6 34 theme cell 1072:1075 arg1 composition 1082:1092 the cell wall composition 1068:1092 the cell wall composition (polysaccharides, lignins, pectins) 1068:1128 The vibrational spectroscopic analysis confirms that grape seed phenolic extractability is influenced by the cell wall composition (polysaccharides, lignins, pectins) and by the degree of esterification of pectins. 28490118 1 35 theme representative 182:195 arg1 subset 197:202 a representative subset 180:202 a representative subset of samples according to their spectral features in the 900-1700nm range 180:274 Near infrared hyperspectral imaging has been applied to grape seeds in order to select a representative subset of samples according to their spectral features in the 900-1700nm range. 28490118 4 36 theme non-extracted 667:679 arg1 material 681:688 the non-extracted material 663:688 the non-extracted material after seed extractions 663:711 In order to establish the chemical structures which can be responsible for the different extractabilities, vibrational spectroscopy has been applied to the non-extracted material after seed extractions. 28490118 5 37 theme Raman 785:789 arg1 spectra 791:797 Raman spectra 785:797 Raman spectra of non-extracted seed material 785:828 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectra of non-extracted seed material have been recorded and their main spectral features have been linked to extractabilities of flavanolic and total phenolic compounds. 28490118 6 38 theme seed 1022:1025 arg1 extractability 1036:1049 grape seed phenolic extractability 1016:1049 grape seed phenolic extractability 1016:1049 The vibrational spectroscopic analysis confirms that grape seed phenolic extractability is influenced by the cell wall composition (polysaccharides, lignins, pectins) and by the degree of esterification of pectins. 28490118 5 39 theme material 821:828 arg1 Fourier 743:749 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier 714:749 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) 714:779 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectra of non-extracted seed material have been recorded and their main spectral features have been linked to extractabilities of flavanolic and total phenolic compounds. 28490118 5 39 theme material 821:828 arg1 spectra 791:797 Raman spectra 785:797 Raman spectra of non-extracted seed material 785:828 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectra of non-extracted seed material have been recorded and their main spectral features have been linked to extractabilities of flavanolic and total phenolic compounds. 28490118 4 40 theme vibrational 618:628 arg1 spectroscopy 630:641 vibrational spectroscopy 618:641 vibrational spectroscopy 618:641 In order to establish the chemical structures which can be responsible for the different extractabilities, vibrational spectroscopy has been applied to the non-extracted material after seed extractions. 28490118 5 41 dep Fourier 743:749 arg1 transform 751:759 transform 751:759 transform infrared 751:768 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectra of non-extracted seed material have been recorded and their main spectral features have been linked to extractabilities of flavanolic and total phenolic compounds. 28490118 5 41 dep Fourier 743:749 arg1 ATR-FTIR 771:778 ATR-FTIR 771:778 ATR-FTIR 771:778 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectra of non-extracted seed material have been recorded and their main spectral features have been linked to extractabilities of flavanolic and total phenolic compounds. 28490118 1 42 theme infrared 98:105 arg1 imaging 121:127 Near infrared hyperspectral imaging 93:127 Near infrared hyperspectral imaging 93:127 Near infrared hyperspectral imaging has been applied to grape seeds in order to select a representative subset of samples according to their spectral features in the 900-1700nm range. 28490118 5 43 theme Attenuated 714:723 arg1 Fourier 743:749 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier 714:749 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) 714:779 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectra of non-extracted seed material have been recorded and their main spectral features have been linked to extractabilities of flavanolic and total phenolic compounds. 28490118 5 44 dep transform 751:759 arg1 infrared 761:768 infrared 761:768 transform infrared 751:768 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectra of non-extracted seed material have been recorded and their main spectral features have been linked to extractabilities of flavanolic and total phenolic compounds. 28490118 1 45 theme hyperspectral 107:119 arg1 imaging 121:127 Near infrared hyperspectral imaging 93:127 Near infrared hyperspectral imaging 93:127 Near infrared hyperspectral imaging has been applied to grape seeds in order to select a representative subset of samples according to their spectral features in the 900-1700nm range. 28490118 5 46 theme flavanolic 922:931 arg1 compounds 952:960 flavanolic and total phenolic compounds 922:960 flavanolic and total phenolic compounds 922:960 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectra of non-extracted seed material have been recorded and their main spectral features have been linked to extractabilities of flavanolic and total phenolic compounds. 28490118 5 47 theme total 937:941 arg1 compounds 952:960 flavanolic and total phenolic compounds 922:960 flavanolic and total phenolic compounds 922:960 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectra of non-extracted seed material have been recorded and their main spectral features have been linked to extractabilities of flavanolic and total phenolic compounds. 28490118 1 48 theme samples 207:213 arg1 subset 197:202 a representative subset 180:202 a representative subset of samples according to their spectral features in the 900-1700nm range 180:274 Near infrared hyperspectral imaging has been applied to grape seeds in order to select a representative subset of samples according to their spectral features in the 900-1700nm range. 28490118 2 49 theme total 350:354 arg1 phenol 356:361 their total phenol 344:361 their total phenol 344:361 Afterwards, selected grape seeds have been classified according to their total phenol and flavanol extractabilities. 28490118 5 50 theme spectral 864:871 arg1 features 873:880 their main spectral features 853:880 their main spectral features 853:880 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectra of non-extracted seed material have been recorded and their main spectral features have been linked to extractabilities of flavanolic and total phenolic compounds. 28490118 4 51 theme different 590:598 arg1 extractabilities 600:615 the different extractabilities 586:615 the different extractabilities 586:615 In order to establish the chemical structures which can be responsible for the different extractabilities, vibrational spectroscopy has been applied to the non-extracted material after seed extractions. 28490118 0 52 from extractability 18:31 arg1 seeds 42:46 grape seeds 36:46 grape seeds 36:46 Study of phenolic extractability in grape seeds by means of ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. 28490118 3 53 theme extractability 488:501 arg1 levels 503:508 high extractability levels 483:508 high extractability levels 483:508 In this way, samples were sorted in three different groups identified as low, medium and high extractability levels. 28490118 5 54 theme reflectance 731:741 arg1 Fourier 743:749 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier 714:749 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) 714:779 Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectra of non-extracted seed material have been recorded and their main spectral features have been linked to extractabilities of flavanolic and total phenolic compounds. 25566956 13 0 theme relatedness 1294:1304 arg1 % 1478:1478 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 % 1458:1478 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 % 1458:1478 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 13 0 theme relatedness 1294:1304 arg1 values 1306:1311 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 1282:1311 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) 1282:1451 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 14 1 theme chemotaxonomic 1516:1529 arg1 data 1557:1560 phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1490:1560 phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1490:1560 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 650022(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Okibacterium, for which the name Okibacterium endophyticum sp. 25566956 13 2 theme Plantibacter 1419:1430 arg1 T 1450:1450 T 1450:1450 T 1450:1450 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 13 2 theme Plantibacter 1419:1430 arg1 19586 1444:1448 Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586 1419:1448 Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) 1419:1451 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 7 3 theme EGI 748:750 arg1 T 759:759 T 759:759 T 759:759 The novel strain EGI 650022(T) showed highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %). 25566956 7 3 theme EGI 748:750 arg1 650022 752:757 The novel strain EGI 650022 731:757 The novel strain EGI 650022(T) 731:760 The novel strain EGI 650022(T) showed highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %). 25566956 14 4 theme phenotypic 1504:1513 arg1 data 1557:1560 phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1490:1560 phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1490:1560 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 650022(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Okibacterium, for which the name Okibacterium endophyticum sp. 25566956 13 5 theme fritillariae 1355:1366 arg1 T 1378:1378 T 1378:1378 T 1378:1378 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 13 5 theme fritillariae 1355:1366 arg1 DSM 1368:1370 Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584 1342:1376 Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T) 1342:1379 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 2 6 theme white 123:127 arg1 strain 139:144 A white bacterial strain 121:144 A white bacterial strain 121:144 A white bacterial strain, designated EGI 650022(T), was isolated from the roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey, collected from Urumqi City, Xinjiang, north-western China. 25566956 13 7 theme DSM 1440:1442 arg1 T 1450:1450 T 1450:1450 T 1450:1450 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 13 7 theme DSM 1440:1442 arg1 19586 1444:1448 Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586 1419:1448 Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) 1419:1451 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 7 8 theme novel 735:739 arg1 T 759:759 T 759:759 T 759:759 The novel strain EGI 650022(T) showed highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %). 25566956 7 8 theme novel 735:739 arg1 650022 752:757 The novel strain EGI 650022 731:757 The novel strain EGI 650022(T) 731:760 The novel strain EGI 650022(T) showed highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %). 25566956 14 9 theme Okibacterium 1673:1684 arg1 sp 1699:1700 the name Okibacterium endophyticum sp 1664:1700 the name Okibacterium endophyticum sp 1664:1700 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 650022(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Okibacterium, for which the name Okibacterium endophyticum sp. 25566956 2 10 theme Urumqi 246:251 arg1 Xinjiang 259:266 Xinjiang 259:266 Xinjiang 259:266 A white bacterial strain, designated EGI 650022(T), was isolated from the roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey, collected from Urumqi City, Xinjiang, north-western China. 25566956 2 10 theme Urumqi 246:251 arg1 China 283:287 Urumqi City, Xinjiang, north-western China 246:287 China 283:287 A white bacterial strain, designated EGI 650022(T), was isolated from the roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey, collected from Urumqi City, Xinjiang, north-western China. 25566956 12 11 theme G+C 1255:1257 arg1 content 1259:1265 The DNA G+C content 1247:1265 The DNA G+C content 1247:1265 The DNA G+C content was 66.0 mol%. 25566956 12 11 theme G+C 1255:1257 arg1 % 1279:1279 66.0 mol% 1271:1279 66.0 mol% 1271:1279 The DNA G+C content was 66.0 mol%. 25566956 11 12 theme major 1191:1195 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1214:1226 anteiso-C15:0 1214:1226 anteiso-C15:0 1214:1226 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25566956 11 12 theme major 1191:1195 arg1 acids 1203:1207 The major fatty acids 1187:1207 The major fatty acids 1187:1207 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25566956 2 13 theme Mey 226:228 arg1 roots 195:199 the roots 191:199 the roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey, collected from Urumqi City, Xinjiang, north-western China 191:287 A white bacterial strain, designated EGI 650022(T), was isolated from the roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey, collected from Urumqi City, Xinjiang, north-western China. 25566956 7 14 with similarity 810:819 arg1 members 826:832 members 826:832 members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %) 826:890 The novel strain EGI 650022(T) showed highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %). 25566956 13 15 theme Plantibacter 1382:1393 arg1 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 13 15 theme Plantibacter 1382:1393 arg1 14012 1406:1410 Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012 1382:1410 Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) 1382:1413 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 14 16 theme Okibacterium 1640:1651 arg1 species 1619:1625 a novel species 1611:1625 a novel species 1611:1625 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 650022(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Okibacterium, for which the name Okibacterium endophyticum sp. 25566956 13 17 theme DSM 1402:1404 arg1 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 13 17 theme DSM 1402:1404 arg1 14012 1406:1410 Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012 1382:1410 Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) 1382:1413 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 10 18 theme polar 1056:1060 arg1 pattern 1068:1074 The polar lipid pattern 1052:1074 The polar lipid pattern 1052:1074 The polar lipid pattern comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and two unknown phospholipids. 25566956 7 19 theme genera 841:846 arg1 members 826:832 members 826:832 members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %) 826:890 The novel strain EGI 650022(T) showed highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %). 25566956 8 20 theme cell-wall 897:905 arg1 peptidoglycan 907:919 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 893:919 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 893:919 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glutamate, homoserine, glycine, alanine and lysine. 25566956 6 21 theme rRNA 578:581 arg1 sequence 588:595 16S rRNA gene sequence 574:595 16S rRNA gene sequence 574:595 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain EGI 650022(T) belongs to a clade with the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter in the family Microbacteriaceae. 25566956 2 22 attach isolated 177:184 arg2 strain 139:144 A white bacterial strain 121:144 A white bacterial strain 121:144 A white bacterial strain, designated EGI 650022(T), was isolated from the roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey, collected from Urumqi City, Xinjiang, north-western China. 25566956 2 22 attach isolated 177:184 arg1 roots 195:199 the roots 191:199 the roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey, collected from Urumqi City, Xinjiang, north-western China 191:287 A white bacterial strain, designated EGI 650022(T), was isolated from the roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey, collected from Urumqi City, Xinjiang, north-western China. 25566956 6 23 theme strain 612:617 arg1 T 630:630 T 630:630 T 630:630 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain EGI 650022(T) belongs to a clade with the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter in the family Microbacteriaceae. 25566956 6 23 theme strain 612:617 arg1 650022 623:628 strain EGI 650022 612:628 strain EGI 650022(T) 612:631 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain EGI 650022(T) belongs to a clade with the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter in the family Microbacteriaceae. 25566956 15 24 dep 650022 1744:1749 arg1 T 1782:1782 T 1782:1782 T 1782:1782 nov. is proposed; the type strain is EGI 650022(T) (=JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492(T)). 25566956 15 24 dep 650022 1744:1749 arg1 29492 1776:1780 =JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492 1755:1780 =JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492(T) 1755:1783 nov. is proposed; the type strain is EGI 650022(T) (=JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492(T)). 25566956 7 25 theme sequence 801:808 arg1 similarity 810:819 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 787:819 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %) 787:890 The novel strain EGI 650022(T) showed highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %). 25566956 15 26 theme  = KCTC 1768:1774 arg1 T 1782:1782 T 1782:1782 T 1782:1782 nov. is proposed; the type strain is EGI 650022(T) (=JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492(T)). 25566956 15 26 theme  = KCTC 1768:1774 arg1 29492 1776:1780 =JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492 1755:1780 =JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492(T) 1755:1783 nov. is proposed; the type strain is EGI 650022(T) (=JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492(T)). 25566956 8 27 contain contained 921:929 arg2 glutamate 931:939 glutamate 931:939 glutamate 931:939 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glutamate, homoserine, glycine, alanine and lysine. 25566956 8 27 contain contained 921:929 arg2 alanine 963:969 alanine 963:969 alanine 963:969 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glutamate, homoserine, glycine, alanine and lysine. 25566956 8 27 contain contained 921:929 arg2 homoserine 942:951 homoserine 942:951 homoserine 942:951 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glutamate, homoserine, glycine, alanine and lysine. 25566956 8 27 contain contained 921:929 arg2 lysine 975:980 lysine 975:980 lysine 975:980 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glutamate, homoserine, glycine, alanine and lysine. 25566956 8 27 contain contained 921:929 arg1 peptidoglycan 907:919 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 893:919 The cell-wall peptidoglycan 893:919 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glutamate, homoserine, glycine, alanine and lysine. 25566956 8 27 contain contained 921:929 arg2 glycine 954:960 glycine 954:960 glycine 954:960 The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glutamate, homoserine, glycine, alanine and lysine. 25566956 0 28 theme Okibacterium 0:11 arg1 sp 26:27 Okibacterium endophyticum sp 0:27 Okibacterium endophyticum sp. 0:28 Okibacterium endophyticum sp. 25566956 7 29 theme rRNA 791:794 arg1 similarity 810:819 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 787:819 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %) 787:890 The novel strain EGI 650022(T) showed highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %). 25566956 15 30 theme T 1766:1766 arg1 T 1782:1782 T 1782:1782 T 1782:1782 nov. is proposed; the type strain is EGI 650022(T) (=JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492(T)). 25566956 15 30 theme T 1766:1766 arg1 29492 1776:1780 =JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492 1755:1780 =JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492(T) 1755:1783 nov. is proposed; the type strain is EGI 650022(T) (=JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492(T)). 25566956 6 31 theme gene 583:586 arg1 sequence 588:595 16S rRNA gene sequence 574:595 16S rRNA gene sequence 574:595 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain EGI 650022(T) belongs to a clade with the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter in the family Microbacteriaceae. 25566956 13 32 theme 650022 1327:1332 arg1 % 1478:1478 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 % 1458:1478 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 % 1458:1478 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 13 32 theme 650022 1327:1332 arg1 values 1306:1311 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 1282:1311 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) 1282:1451 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 15 33 theme 30086 1760:1764 arg1 T 1782:1782 T 1782:1782 T 1782:1782 nov. is proposed; the type strain is EGI 650022(T) (=JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492(T)). 25566956 15 33 theme 30086 1760:1764 arg1 29492 1776:1780 =JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492 1755:1780 =JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492(T) 1755:1783 nov. is proposed; the type strain is EGI 650022(T) (=JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492(T)). 25566956 2 34 theme EGI 158:160 arg1 T 169:169 T 169:169 T 169:169 A white bacterial strain, designated EGI 650022(T), was isolated from the roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey, collected from Urumqi City, Xinjiang, north-western China. 25566956 2 34 theme EGI 158:160 arg1 650022 162:167 EGI 650022 158:167 EGI 650022(T) 158:170 A white bacterial strain, designated EGI 650022(T), was isolated from the roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey, collected from Urumqi City, Xinjiang, north-western China. 25566956 6 35 theme 16S 574:576 arg1 rRNA 578:581 16S rRNA 574:581 16S rRNA gene sequence 574:595 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain EGI 650022(T) belongs to a clade with the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter in the family Microbacteriaceae. 25566956 15 36 theme EGI 1740:1742 arg1 T 1751:1751 T 1751:1751 T 1751:1751 nov. is proposed; the type strain is EGI 650022(T) (=JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492(T)). 25566956 15 36 theme EGI 1740:1742 arg1 strain 1730:1735 the type strain 1721:1735 the type strain 1721:1735 nov. is proposed; the type strain is EGI 650022(T) (=JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492(T)). 25566956 15 36 theme EGI 1740:1742 arg1 650022 1744:1749 EGI 650022 1740:1749 EGI 650022(T) (=JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492(T)) 1740:1784 nov. is proposed; the type strain is EGI 650022(T) (=JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492(T)). 25566956 2 37 theme north-western 269:281 arg1 Xinjiang 259:266 Xinjiang 259:266 Xinjiang 259:266 A white bacterial strain, designated EGI 650022(T), was isolated from the roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey, collected from Urumqi City, Xinjiang, north-western China. 25566956 2 37 theme north-western 269:281 arg1 China 283:287 Urumqi City, Xinjiang, north-western China 246:287 China 283:287 A white bacterial strain, designated EGI 650022(T), was isolated from the roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey, collected from Urumqi City, Xinjiang, north-western China. 25566956 14 38 theme EGI 1570:1572 arg1 650022 1574:1579 strain EGI 650022 1563:1579 strain EGI 650022(T) 1563:1582 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 650022(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Okibacterium, for which the name Okibacterium endophyticum sp. 25566956 14 38 theme EGI 1570:1572 arg1 T 1581:1581 T 1581:1581 T 1581:1581 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 650022(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Okibacterium, for which the name Okibacterium endophyticum sp. 25566956 13 39 theme strain 1316:1321 arg1 T 1334:1334 T 1334:1334 T 1334:1334 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 13 39 theme strain 1316:1321 arg1 650022 1327:1332 strain EGI 650022 1316:1332 strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) 1316:1451 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 7 40 theme 16S 787:789 arg1 similarity 810:819 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 787:819 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %) 787:890 The novel strain EGI 650022(T) showed highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %). 25566956 14 41 theme hybridization 1543:1555 arg1 data 1557:1560 phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1490:1560 phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1490:1560 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 650022(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Okibacterium, for which the name Okibacterium endophyticum sp. 25566956 1 42 theme novel 38:42 arg1 actinobacterium 55:69 a novel endophytic actinobacterium 36:69 a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey 36:118 nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey. 25566956 6 43 with clade 646:650 arg1 Plantibacter 685:696 Plantibacter 685:696 Plantibacter 685:696 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain EGI 650022(T) belongs to a clade with the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter in the family Microbacteriaceae. 25566956 6 43 with clade 646:650 arg1 Okibacterium 668:679 genera Okibacterium 661:679 genera Okibacterium 661:679 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain EGI 650022(T) belongs to a clade with the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter in the family Microbacteriaceae. 25566956 13 44 theme DNA-DNA 1286:1292 arg1 % 1478:1478 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 % 1458:1478 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 % 1458:1478 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 13 44 theme DNA-DNA 1286:1292 arg1 values 1306:1311 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 1282:1311 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) 1282:1451 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 7 45 theme strain 741:746 arg1 T 759:759 T 759:759 T 759:759 The novel strain EGI 650022(T) showed highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %). 25566956 7 45 theme strain 741:746 arg1 650022 752:757 The novel strain EGI 650022 731:757 The novel strain EGI 650022(T) 731:760 The novel strain EGI 650022(T) showed highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %). 25566956 2 46 theme bacterial 129:137 arg1 strain 139:144 A white bacterial strain 121:144 A white bacterial strain 121:144 A white bacterial strain, designated EGI 650022(T), was isolated from the roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey, collected from Urumqi City, Xinjiang, north-western China. 25566956 13 47 theme auratus 1432:1438 arg1 T 1450:1450 T 1450:1450 T 1450:1450 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 13 47 theme auratus 1432:1438 arg1 19586 1444:1448 Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586 1419:1448 Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) 1419:1451 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 12 48 theme 66.0 mol 1271:1278 arg1 content 1259:1265 The DNA G+C content 1247:1265 The DNA G+C content 1247:1265 The DNA G+C content was 66.0 mol%. 25566956 12 48 theme 66.0 mol 1271:1278 arg1 % 1279:1279 66.0 mol% 1271:1279 66.0 mol% 1271:1279 The DNA G+C content was 66.0 mol%. 25566956 6 49 dep Okibacterium 668:679 arg1 the 657:659 the 657:659 the 657:659 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain EGI 650022(T) belongs to a clade with the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter in the family Microbacteriaceae. 25566956 11 50 theme fatty 1197:1201 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1214:1226 anteiso-C15:0 1214:1226 anteiso-C15:0 1214:1226 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25566956 11 50 theme fatty 1197:1201 arg1 acids 1203:1207 The major fatty acids 1187:1207 The major fatty acids 1187:1207 The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. 25566956 6 51 theme genera 661:666 arg1 Okibacterium 668:679 genera Okibacterium 661:679 genera Okibacterium 661:679 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain EGI 650022(T) belongs to a clade with the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter in the family Microbacteriaceae. 25566956 2 52 theme City 253:256 arg1 Xinjiang 259:266 Xinjiang 259:266 Xinjiang 259:266 A white bacterial strain, designated EGI 650022(T), was isolated from the roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey, collected from Urumqi City, Xinjiang, north-western China. 25566956 2 52 theme City 253:256 arg1 China 283:287 Urumqi City, Xinjiang, north-western China 246:287 China 283:287 A white bacterial strain, designated EGI 650022(T), was isolated from the roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey, collected from Urumqi City, Xinjiang, north-western China. 25566956 5 53 theme NaCl 448:451 arg1 concentrations 453:466 NaCl concentrations 448:466 NaCl concentrations between 0 and 7 % (w/v) 448:490 Growth occurred at NaCl concentrations between 0 and 7 % (w/v), temperatures between 5 and 45 °C, and pH 6.0-9.0. 25566956 14 54 theme name 1668:1671 arg1 sp 1699:1700 the name Okibacterium endophyticum sp 1664:1700 the name Okibacterium endophyticum sp 1664:1700 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 650022(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Okibacterium, for which the name Okibacterium endophyticum sp. 25566956 12 55 theme DNA 1251:1253 arg1 content 1259:1265 The DNA G+C content 1247:1265 The DNA G+C content 1247:1265 The DNA G+C content was 66.0 mol%. 25566956 12 55 theme DNA 1251:1253 arg1 % 1279:1279 66.0 mol% 1271:1279 66.0 mol% 1271:1279 The DNA G+C content was 66.0 mol%. 25566956 1 56 attach isolated 71:78 arg1 roots 85:89 roots 85:89 roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey 85:118 nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey. 25566956 1 56 attach isolated 71:78 arg2 actinobacterium 55:69 a novel endophytic actinobacterium 36:69 a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey 36:118 nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey. 25566956 13 57 with 650022 1327:1332 arg1 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 13 57 with 650022 1327:1332 arg1 19586 1444:1448 Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586 1419:1448 Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) 1419:1451 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 13 57 with 650022 1327:1332 arg1 DSM 1368:1370 Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584 1342:1376 Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T) 1342:1379 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 13 57 with 650022 1327:1332 arg1 T 1450:1450 T 1450:1450 T 1450:1450 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 13 57 with 650022 1327:1332 arg1 T 1378:1378 T 1378:1378 T 1378:1378 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 13 57 with 650022 1327:1332 arg1 14012 1406:1410 Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012 1382:1410 Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) 1382:1413 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 14 58 theme phylogenetic 1490:1501 arg1 data 1557:1560 phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1490:1560 phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1490:1560 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 650022(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Okibacterium, for which the name Okibacterium endophyticum sp. 25566956 4 59 theme non-motile 398:407 arg1 rods 423:426 non-motile and irregular rods 398:426 non-motile and irregular rods 398:426 Cells were non-motile and irregular rods. 25566956 13 60 theme flavus 1395:1400 arg1 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 T 1412:1412 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 13 60 theme flavus 1395:1400 arg1 14012 1406:1410 Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012 1382:1410 Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) 1382:1413 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 14 61 theme genus 1634:1638 arg1 Okibacterium 1640:1651 the genus Okibacterium 1630:1651 the genus Okibacterium 1630:1651 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 650022(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Okibacterium, for which the name Okibacterium endophyticum sp. 25566956 1 62 theme Mey 116:118 arg1 roots 85:89 roots 85:89 roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey 85:118 nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey. 25566956 1 63 dep actinobacterium 55:69 arg1 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov. 30:33 nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey. 25566956 10 64 theme lipid 1062:1066 arg1 pattern 1068:1074 The polar lipid pattern 1052:1074 The polar lipid pattern 1052:1074 The polar lipid pattern comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and two unknown phospholipids. 25566956 14 65 theme novel 1613:1617 arg1 species 1619:1625 a novel species 1611:1625 a novel species 1611:1625 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 650022(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Okibacterium, for which the name Okibacterium endophyticum sp. 25566956 6 66 theme Phylogenetic 543:554 arg1 analysis 556:563 Phylogenetic analysis 543:563 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence 543:595 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain EGI 650022(T) belongs to a clade with the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter in the family Microbacteriaceae. 25566956 15 67 theme type 1725:1728 arg1 strain 1730:1735 the type strain 1721:1735 the type strain 1721:1735 nov. is proposed; the type strain is EGI 650022(T) (=JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492(T)). 25566956 15 67 theme type 1725:1728 arg1 650022 1744:1749 EGI 650022 1740:1749 EGI 650022(T) (=JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492(T)) 1740:1784 nov. is proposed; the type strain is EGI 650022(T) (=JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492(T)). 25566956 1 68 theme endophytic 44:53 arg1 actinobacterium 55:69 a novel endophytic actinobacterium 36:69 a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey 36:118 nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from roots of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey. 25566956 4 69 theme irregular 413:421 arg1 rods 423:426 non-motile and irregular rods 398:426 non-motile and irregular rods 398:426 Cells were non-motile and irregular rods. 25566956 6 70 theme EGI 619:621 arg1 T 630:630 T 630:630 T 630:630 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain EGI 650022(T) belongs to a clade with the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter in the family Microbacteriaceae. 25566956 6 70 theme EGI 619:621 arg1 650022 623:628 strain EGI 650022 612:628 strain EGI 650022(T) 612:631 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain EGI 650022(T) belongs to a clade with the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter in the family Microbacteriaceae. 25566956 6 71 from Plantibacter 685:696 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 712:728 the family Microbacteriaceae 701:728 the family Microbacteriaceae 701:728 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain EGI 650022(T) belongs to a clade with the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter in the family Microbacteriaceae. 25566956 10 72 theme unknown 1136:1142 arg1 glycolipids 1144:1154 two unknown glycolipids 1132:1154 two unknown glycolipids 1132:1154 The polar lipid pattern comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and two unknown phospholipids. 25566956 10 72 theme unknown 1136:1142 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1086:1105 phosphatidylglycerol 1086:1105 phosphatidylglycerol 1086:1105 The polar lipid pattern comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and two unknown phospholipids. 25566956 13 73 theme Okibacterium 1342:1353 arg1 T 1378:1378 T 1378:1378 T 1378:1378 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 13 73 theme Okibacterium 1342:1353 arg1 DSM 1368:1370 Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584 1342:1376 Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T) 1342:1379 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 0 74 theme endophyticum 13:24 arg1 sp 26:27 Okibacterium endophyticum sp 0:27 Okibacterium endophyticum sp. 0:28 Okibacterium endophyticum sp. 25566956 7 75 theme similarity 810:819 arg1 levels 777:782 highest levels 769:782 highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %) 769:890 The novel strain EGI 650022(T) showed highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %). 25566956 7 76 dep genera 841:846 arg1 Plantibacter 865:876 Plantibacter 865:876 Plantibacter 865:876 The novel strain EGI 650022(T) showed highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %). 25566956 7 76 dep genera 841:846 arg1 % 889:889 97.2-98.0 % 879:889 97.2-98.0 % 879:889 The novel strain EGI 650022(T) showed highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %). 25566956 7 76 dep genera 841:846 arg1 Okibacterium 848:859 Okibacterium 848:859 Okibacterium 848:859 The novel strain EGI 650022(T) showed highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %). 25566956 7 77 theme gene 796:799 arg1 similarity 810:819 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 787:819 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %) 787:890 The novel strain EGI 650022(T) showed highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %). 25566956 15 78 theme =JCM 1755:1758 arg1 T 1782:1782 T 1782:1782 T 1782:1782 nov. is proposed; the type strain is EGI 650022(T) (=JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492(T)). 25566956 15 78 theme =JCM 1755:1758 arg1 29492 1776:1780 =JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492 1755:1780 =JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492(T) 1755:1783 nov. is proposed; the type strain is EGI 650022(T) (=JCM 30086(T) = KCTC 29492(T)). 25566956 10 79 theme unknown 1164:1170 arg1 phospholipids 1172:1184 two unknown phospholipids 1160:1184 two unknown phospholipids 1160:1184 The polar lipid pattern comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and two unknown phospholipids. 25566956 10 79 theme unknown 1164:1170 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 1086:1105 phosphatidylglycerol 1086:1105 phosphatidylglycerol 1086:1105 The polar lipid pattern comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and two unknown phospholipids. 25566956 6 80 from Okibacterium 668:679 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 712:728 the family Microbacteriaceae 701:728 the family Microbacteriaceae 701:728 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain EGI 650022(T) belongs to a clade with the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter in the family Microbacteriaceae. 25566956 9 81 theme predominant 987:997 arg1 MKs 1013:1015 MKs 1013:1015 MKs 1013:1015 The predominant menaquinones (MKs) were MK-11, MK-12 and MK-12 (H4). 25566956 9 81 theme predominant 987:997 arg1 MK-11 1023:1027 MK-11 1023:1027 MK-11 1023:1027 The predominant menaquinones (MKs) were MK-11, MK-12 and MK-12 (H4). 25566956 9 81 theme predominant 987:997 arg1 menaquinones 999:1010 The predominant menaquinones 983:1010 The predominant menaquinones (MKs) 983:1016 The predominant menaquinones (MKs) were MK-11, MK-12 and MK-12 (H4). 25566956 14 82 dep Okibacterium 1673:1684 arg1 endophyticum 1686:1697 endophyticum 1686:1697 endophyticum 1686:1697 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 650022(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Okibacterium, for which the name Okibacterium endophyticum sp. 25566956 14 83 theme strain 1563:1568 arg1 650022 1574:1579 strain EGI 650022 1563:1579 strain EGI 650022(T) 1563:1582 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 650022(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Okibacterium, for which the name Okibacterium endophyticum sp. 25566956 14 83 theme strain 1563:1568 arg1 T 1581:1581 T 1581:1581 T 1581:1581 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 650022(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Okibacterium, for which the name Okibacterium endophyticum sp. 25566956 13 84 theme EGI 1323:1325 arg1 T 1334:1334 T 1334:1334 T 1334:1334 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 13 84 theme EGI 1323:1325 arg1 650022 1327:1332 strain EGI 650022 1316:1332 strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) 1316:1451 The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain EGI 650022(T) with Okibacterium fritillariae DSM 12584(T), Plantibacter flavus DSM 14012(T) and Plantibacter auratus DSM 19586(T) were 39.7, 19.7 and 22.0 %. 25566956 7 85 theme highest 769:775 arg1 levels 777:782 highest levels 769:782 highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %) 769:890 The novel strain EGI 650022(T) showed highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter (97.2-98.0 %). 25566956 6 86 theme family 705:710 arg1 Microbacteriaceae 712:728 the family Microbacteriaceae 701:728 the family Microbacteriaceae 701:728 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain EGI 650022(T) belongs to a clade with the genera Okibacterium and Plantibacter in the family Microbacteriaceae. 25566956 14 87 theme DNA-DNA 1535:1541 arg1 data 1557:1560 phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1490:1560 phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data 1490:1560 Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 650022(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Okibacterium, for which the name Okibacterium endophyticum sp. 24555997 6 0 theme experimental 872:883 arg1 colitis 885:891 experimental colitis 872:891 experimental colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and colitis-associated cancer induced by DSS in conjunction with azoxymethane (AOM) 872:1015 The role of IFNAR1 was also investigated in experimental colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and colitis-associated cancer induced by DSS in conjunction with azoxymethane (AOM). 24555997 7 1 dep Ifnar1 1026:1031 arg1 IEC 1037:1039 IEC 1037:1039 IEC 1037:1039 RESULTS Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice displayed expansion of Paneth cell numbers and epithelial hyperproliferation compared with Ifnar1-sufficient littermates. 24555997 7 1 dep Ifnar1 1026:1031 arg1 -/- 1033:1035 -/- 1033:1035 -/- 1033:1035 RESULTS Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice displayed expansion of Paneth cell numbers and epithelial hyperproliferation compared with Ifnar1-sufficient littermates. 24555997 9 2 theme Ifnar1 1561:1566 arg1 mice 1599:1602 Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) and Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice 1561:1602 Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) and Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice 1561:1602 Both hyperproliferation and tumour promotion were dependent on the microbial flora, as the differences between genotypes were marked upon separately housing mice, but disappeared when Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) and Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice were co-housed. 24555997 3 3 theme Paneth 568:573 arg1 cells 575:579 Paneth cells 568:579 Paneth cells 568:579 Prompted by the genetic association of the locus harbouring the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR1) with Crohn's disease, and a transcriptional signature for type I IFN signalling in Paneth cells, we studied the function of IFNAR1 in IECs. 24555997 3 4 theme type 543:546 arg1 IFN 550:552 type I IFN 543:552 type I IFN signalling in Paneth cells 543:579 Prompted by the genetic association of the locus harbouring the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR1) with Crohn's disease, and a transcriptional signature for type I IFN signalling in Paneth cells, we studied the function of IFNAR1 in IECs. 24555997 4 5 theme Type 632:635 arg1 IFN 639:641 DESIGN Type I IFN 625:641 DESIGN Type I IFN signalling 625:652 DESIGN Type I IFN signalling was studied in mice with conditional deletion of Ifnar1 in IECs. 24555997 0 6 theme Type 0:3 arg1 signalling 18:27 Type I interferon signalling 0:27 Type I interferon signalling in the intestinal epithelium 0:56 Type I interferon signalling in the intestinal epithelium affects Paneth cells, microbial ecology and epithelial regeneration. 24555997 11 7 theme colitis-associated 1939:1956 arg1 formation 1965:1973 colitis-associated tumour formation 1939:1973 colitis-associated tumour formation 1939:1973 CONCLUSIONS IFNAR1 in IECs, and Paneth cells in particular, contributes to the regulation of the host-microbiota relationship, with consequences for intestinal regeneration and colitis-associated tumour formation. 24555997 7 8 theme epithelial 1095:1104 arg1 hyperproliferation 1106:1123 epithelial hyperproliferation 1095:1123 epithelial hyperproliferation 1095:1123 RESULTS Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice displayed expansion of Paneth cell numbers and epithelial hyperproliferation compared with Ifnar1-sufficient littermates. 24555997 4 9 theme IFN 639:641 arg1 signalling 643:652 DESIGN Type I IFN signalling 625:652 DESIGN Type I IFN signalling 625:652 DESIGN Type I IFN signalling was studied in mice with conditional deletion of Ifnar1 in IECs. 24555997 1 10 theme internal/external 179:195 arg1 interface 197:205 the internal/external interface 175:205 the internal/external interface 175:205 OBJECTIVE Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) at the internal/external interface orchestrate the mucosal immune response. 24555997 3 11 with receptor 467:474 arg1 disease 498:504 Crohn's disease 490:504 Crohn's disease 490:504 Prompted by the genetic association of the locus harbouring the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR1) with Crohn's disease, and a transcriptional signature for type I IFN signalling in Paneth cells, we studied the function of IFNAR1 in IECs. 24555997 3 12 theme IFN 550:552 arg1 signalling 554:563 type I IFN signalling 543:563 type I IFN signalling in Paneth cells 543:579 Prompted by the genetic association of the locus harbouring the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR1) with Crohn's disease, and a transcriptional signature for type I IFN signalling in Paneth cells, we studied the function of IFNAR1 in IECs. 24555997 6 13 theme sulfate 919:925 arg1 DSS 928:930 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) 904:931 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) 904:931 The role of IFNAR1 was also investigated in experimental colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and colitis-associated cancer induced by DSS in conjunction with azoxymethane (AOM). 24555997 9 14 theme Ifnar1 1582:1587 arg1 mice 1599:1602 Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) and Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice 1561:1602 Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) and Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice 1561:1602 Both hyperproliferation and tumour promotion were dependent on the microbial flora, as the differences between genotypes were marked upon separately housing mice, but disappeared when Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) and Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice were co-housed. 24555997 8 15 theme tumour 1341:1346 arg1 burden 1348:1353 an increased tumour burden 1328:1353 an increased tumour burden in the AOM/DSS model 1328:1374 While Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice did not exhibit spontaneous inflammation or increased severity in DSS colitis compared with Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice, they exhibited an increased tumour burden in the AOM/DSS model. 24555997 11 16 from IFNAR1 1774:1779 arg1 IECs 1784:1787 IECs 1784:1787 IECs 1784:1787 CONCLUSIONS IFNAR1 in IECs, and Paneth cells in particular, contributes to the regulation of the host-microbiota relationship, with consequences for intestinal regeneration and colitis-associated tumour formation. 24555997 11 16 from IFNAR1 1774:1779 arg1 cells 1801:1805 Paneth cells 1794:1805 Paneth cells 1794:1805 CONCLUSIONS IFNAR1 in IECs, and Paneth cells in particular, contributes to the regulation of the host-microbiota relationship, with consequences for intestinal regeneration and colitis-associated tumour formation. 24555997 1 17 theme mucosal 223:229 arg1 response 238:245 the mucosal immune response 219:245 the mucosal immune response 219:245 OBJECTIVE Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) at the internal/external interface orchestrate the mucosal immune response. 24555997 6 18 theme dextran 904:910 arg1 DSS 928:930 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) 904:931 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) 904:931 The role of IFNAR1 was also investigated in experimental colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and colitis-associated cancer induced by DSS in conjunction with azoxymethane (AOM). 24555997 6 19 with conjunction 981:991 arg1 AOM 1012:1014 AOM 1012:1014 AOM 1012:1014 The role of IFNAR1 was also investigated in experimental colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and colitis-associated cancer induced by DSS in conjunction with azoxymethane (AOM). 24555997 6 19 with conjunction 981:991 arg1 azoxymethane 998:1009 azoxymethane 998:1009 azoxymethane (AOM) 998:1015 The role of IFNAR1 was also investigated in experimental colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and colitis-associated cancer induced by DSS in conjunction with azoxymethane (AOM). 24555997 8 20 theme spontaneous 1214:1224 arg1 inflammation 1226:1237 spontaneous inflammation 1214:1237 spontaneous inflammation 1214:1237 While Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice did not exhibit spontaneous inflammation or increased severity in DSS colitis compared with Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice, they exhibited an increased tumour burden in the AOM/DSS model. 24555997 1 21 from interface 197:205 arg1 cells 159:163 OBJECTIVE Intestinal epithelial cells 127:163 OBJECTIVE Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) at the internal/external interface 127:205 OBJECTIVE Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) at the internal/external interface orchestrate the mucosal immune response. 24555997 1 21 from interface 197:205 arg1 IECs 166:169 IECs 166:169 IECs 166:169 OBJECTIVE Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) at the internal/external interface orchestrate the mucosal immune response. 24555997 11 22 theme relationship 1875:1886 arg1 regulation 1841:1850 the regulation 1837:1850 the regulation of the host-microbiota relationship 1837:1886 CONCLUSIONS IFNAR1 in IECs, and Paneth cells in particular, contributes to the regulation of the host-microbiota relationship, with consequences for intestinal regeneration and colitis-associated tumour formation. 24555997 8 23 theme AOM/DSS 1362:1368 arg1 model 1370:1374 the AOM/DSS model 1358:1374 the AOM/DSS model 1358:1374 While Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice did not exhibit spontaneous inflammation or increased severity in DSS colitis compared with Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice, they exhibited an increased tumour burden in the AOM/DSS model. 24555997 2 24 theme antimicrobial 269:281 arg1 peptides 283:290 antimicrobial peptides 269:290 antimicrobial peptides 269:290 Paneth cells secrete antimicrobial peptides and inflammatory mediators, protect from pathogens and shape the commensal microbiota. 24555997 1 25 theme Intestinal 137:146 arg1 cells 159:163 OBJECTIVE Intestinal epithelial cells 127:163 OBJECTIVE Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) at the internal/external interface 127:205 OBJECTIVE Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) at the internal/external interface orchestrate the mucosal immune response. 24555997 1 25 theme Intestinal 137:146 arg1 IECs 166:169 IECs 166:169 IECs 166:169 OBJECTIVE Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) at the internal/external interface orchestrate the mucosal immune response. 24555997 9 26 theme tumour 1405:1410 arg1 promotion 1412:1420 tumour promotion 1405:1420 tumour promotion 1405:1420 Both hyperproliferation and tumour promotion were dependent on the microbial flora, as the differences between genotypes were marked upon separately housing mice, but disappeared when Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) and Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice were co-housed. 24555997 8 27 theme DSS 1264:1266 arg1 colitis 1268:1274 DSS colitis 1264:1274 DSS colitis 1264:1274 While Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice did not exhibit spontaneous inflammation or increased severity in DSS colitis compared with Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice, they exhibited an increased tumour burden in the AOM/DSS model. 24555997 0 28 theme microbial 80:88 arg1 cells 73:77 Paneth cells 66:77 Paneth cells 66:77 Type I interferon signalling in the intestinal epithelium affects Paneth cells, microbial ecology and epithelial regeneration. 24555997 0 28 theme microbial 80:88 arg1 ecology 90:96 microbial ecology 80:96 microbial ecology 80:96 Type I interferon signalling in the intestinal epithelium affects Paneth cells, microbial ecology and epithelial regeneration. 24555997 8 29 theme Ifnar1 1290:1295 arg1 mice 1307:1310 Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice 1290:1310 Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice 1290:1310 While Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice did not exhibit spontaneous inflammation or increased severity in DSS colitis compared with Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice, they exhibited an increased tumour burden in the AOM/DSS model. 24555997 0 30 theme Paneth 66:71 arg1 cells 73:77 Paneth cells 66:77 Paneth cells 66:77 Type I interferon signalling in the intestinal epithelium affects Paneth cells, microbial ecology and epithelial regeneration. 24555997 0 30 theme Paneth 66:71 arg1 ecology 90:96 microbial ecology 80:96 microbial ecology 80:96 Type I interferon signalling in the intestinal epithelium affects Paneth cells, microbial ecology and epithelial regeneration. 24555997 0 30 theme Paneth 66:71 arg1 regeneration 113:124 epithelial regeneration 102:124 epithelial regeneration 102:124 Type I interferon signalling in the intestinal epithelium affects Paneth cells, microbial ecology and epithelial regeneration. 24555997 4 31 theme Ifnar1 703:708 arg1 deletion 691:698 conditional deletion 679:698 conditional deletion of Ifnar1 in IECs 679:716 DESIGN Type I IFN signalling was studied in mice with conditional deletion of Ifnar1 in IECs. 24555997 5 32 theme microbiota 768:777 arg1 composition 779:789 gut microbiota composition 764:789 gut microbiota composition 764:789 Phenotype was characterised at baseline, and gut microbiota composition was assessed by 16S rDNA ribotyping. 24555997 8 33 from severity 1252:1259 arg1 colitis 1268:1274 DSS colitis 1264:1274 DSS colitis 1264:1274 While Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice did not exhibit spontaneous inflammation or increased severity in DSS colitis compared with Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice, they exhibited an increased tumour burden in the AOM/DSS model. 24555997 3 34 theme genetic 395:401 arg1 association 403:413 the genetic association 391:413 the genetic association of the locus harbouring the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR1) with Crohn's disease, and a transcriptional signature for type I IFN signalling in Paneth cells 391:579 Prompted by the genetic association of the locus harbouring the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR1) with Crohn's disease, and a transcriptional signature for type I IFN signalling in Paneth cells, we studied the function of IFNAR1 in IECs. 24555997 0 35 theme interferon 7:16 arg1 signalling 18:27 Type I interferon signalling 0:27 Type I interferon signalling in the intestinal epithelium 0:56 Type I interferon signalling in the intestinal epithelium affects Paneth cells, microbial ecology and epithelial regeneration. 24555997 2 36 theme inflammatory 296:307 arg1 mediators 309:317 inflammatory mediators 296:317 inflammatory mediators 296:317 Paneth cells secrete antimicrobial peptides and inflammatory mediators, protect from pathogens and shape the commensal microbiota. 24555997 7 37 theme hyperproliferation 1106:1123 arg1 expansion 1058:1066 expansion 1058:1066 expansion of Paneth cell numbers and epithelial hyperproliferation 1058:1123 RESULTS Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice displayed expansion of Paneth cell numbers and epithelial hyperproliferation compared with Ifnar1-sufficient littermates. 24555997 7 38 theme cell 1078:1081 arg1 expansion 1058:1066 expansion 1058:1066 expansion of Paneth cell numbers and epithelial hyperproliferation 1058:1123 RESULTS Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice displayed expansion of Paneth cell numbers and epithelial hyperproliferation compared with Ifnar1-sufficient littermates. 24555997 3 39 with signature 529:537 arg1 disease 498:504 Crohn's disease 490:504 Crohn's disease 490:504 Prompted by the genetic association of the locus harbouring the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR1) with Crohn's disease, and a transcriptional signature for type I IFN signalling in Paneth cells, we studied the function of IFNAR1 in IECs. 24555997 3 40 theme locus 422:426 arg1 association 403:413 the genetic association 391:413 the genetic association of the locus harbouring the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR1) with Crohn's disease, and a transcriptional signature for type I IFN signalling in Paneth cells 391:579 Prompted by the genetic association of the locus harbouring the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR1) with Crohn's disease, and a transcriptional signature for type I IFN signalling in Paneth cells, we studied the function of IFNAR1 in IECs. 24555997 0 41 theme intestinal 36:45 arg1 epithelium 47:56 the intestinal epithelium 32:56 the intestinal epithelium 32:56 Type I interferon signalling in the intestinal epithelium affects Paneth cells, microbial ecology and epithelial regeneration. 24555997 1 42 theme immune 231:236 arg1 response 238:245 the mucosal immune response 219:245 the mucosal immune response 219:245 OBJECTIVE Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) at the internal/external interface orchestrate the mucosal immune response. 24555997 10 43 theme Ifnar1 1701:1706 arg1 mice 1718:1721 Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) and Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice 1680:1721 mice 1718:1721 Accordingly, ribotyping revealed marked differences between Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) and Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice that where diminished upon co-housing. 24555997 8 44 theme increased 1331:1339 arg1 burden 1348:1353 an increased tumour burden 1328:1353 an increased tumour burden in the AOM/DSS model 1328:1374 While Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice did not exhibit spontaneous inflammation or increased severity in DSS colitis compared with Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice, they exhibited an increased tumour burden in the AOM/DSS model. 24555997 10 45 dep Ifnar1 1680:1685 arg1 IEC 1691:1693 IEC 1691:1693 IEC 1691:1693 Accordingly, ribotyping revealed marked differences between Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) and Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice that where diminished upon co-housing. 24555997 10 45 dep Ifnar1 1680:1685 arg1 -/- 1687:1689 -/- 1687:1689 -/- 1687:1689 Accordingly, ribotyping revealed marked differences between Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) and Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice that where diminished upon co-housing. 24555997 4 46 with mice 669:672 arg1 deletion 691:698 conditional deletion 679:698 conditional deletion of Ifnar1 in IECs 679:716 DESIGN Type I IFN signalling was studied in mice with conditional deletion of Ifnar1 in IECs. 24555997 11 47 theme intestinal 1911:1920 arg1 regeneration 1922:1933 intestinal regeneration 1911:1933 intestinal regeneration 1911:1933 CONCLUSIONS IFNAR1 in IECs, and Paneth cells in particular, contributes to the regulation of the host-microbiota relationship, with consequences for intestinal regeneration and colitis-associated tumour formation. 24555997 11 48 theme Paneth 1794:1799 arg1 cells 1801:1805 Paneth cells 1794:1805 Paneth cells 1794:1805 CONCLUSIONS IFNAR1 in IECs, and Paneth cells in particular, contributes to the regulation of the host-microbiota relationship, with consequences for intestinal regeneration and colitis-associated tumour formation. 24555997 6 49 theme IFNAR1 840:845 arg1 role 832:835 The role 828:835 The role of IFNAR1 828:845 The role of IFNAR1 was also investigated in experimental colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and colitis-associated cancer induced by DSS in conjunction with azoxymethane (AOM). 24555997 4 50 theme DESIGN 625:630 arg1 IFN 639:641 DESIGN Type I IFN 625:641 DESIGN Type I IFN signalling 625:652 DESIGN Type I IFN signalling was studied in mice with conditional deletion of Ifnar1 in IECs. 24555997 11 51 theme tumour 1958:1963 arg1 formation 1965:1973 colitis-associated tumour formation 1939:1973 colitis-associated tumour formation 1939:1973 CONCLUSIONS IFNAR1 in IECs, and Paneth cells in particular, contributes to the regulation of the host-microbiota relationship, with consequences for intestinal regeneration and colitis-associated tumour formation. 24555997 4 52 theme I 637:637 arg1 IFN 639:641 DESIGN Type I IFN 625:641 DESIGN Type I IFN signalling 625:652 DESIGN Type I IFN signalling was studied in mice with conditional deletion of Ifnar1 in IECs. 24555997 7 53 theme RESULTS 1018:1024 arg1 Ifnar1 1026:1031 RESULTS Ifnar1 1018:1031 RESULTS Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice 1018:1046 RESULTS Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice displayed expansion of Paneth cell numbers and epithelial hyperproliferation compared with Ifnar1-sufficient littermates. 24555997 3 54 theme I 548:548 arg1 IFN 550:552 type I IFN 543:552 type I IFN signalling in Paneth cells 543:579 Prompted by the genetic association of the locus harbouring the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR1) with Crohn's disease, and a transcriptional signature for type I IFN signalling in Paneth cells, we studied the function of IFNAR1 in IECs. 24555997 8 55 dep Ifnar1 1290:1295 arg1 +/+ 1297:1299 +/+ 1297:1299 +/+(IEC) 1297:1304 While Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice did not exhibit spontaneous inflammation or increased severity in DSS colitis compared with Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice, they exhibited an increased tumour burden in the AOM/DSS model. 24555997 8 55 dep Ifnar1 1290:1295 arg1 IEC 1301:1303 IEC 1301:1303 IEC 1301:1303 While Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice did not exhibit spontaneous inflammation or increased severity in DSS colitis compared with Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice, they exhibited an increased tumour burden in the AOM/DSS model. 24555997 11 56 theme host-microbiota 1859:1873 arg1 relationship 1875:1886 the host-microbiota relationship 1855:1886 the host-microbiota relationship 1855:1886 CONCLUSIONS IFNAR1 in IECs, and Paneth cells in particular, contributes to the regulation of the host-microbiota relationship, with consequences for intestinal regeneration and colitis-associated tumour formation. 24555997 11 57 theme CONCLUSIONS 1762:1772 arg1 IFNAR1 1774:1779 CONCLUSIONS IFNAR1 1762:1779 CONCLUSIONS IFNAR1 in IECs, and Paneth cells 1762:1805 CONCLUSIONS IFNAR1 in IECs, and Paneth cells in particular, contributes to the regulation of the host-microbiota relationship, with consequences for intestinal regeneration and colitis-associated tumour formation. 24555997 6 58 theme sodium 912:917 arg1 DSS 928:930 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) 904:931 dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) 904:931 The role of IFNAR1 was also investigated in experimental colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and colitis-associated cancer induced by DSS in conjunction with azoxymethane (AOM). 24555997 10 59 theme marked 1653:1658 arg1 differences 1660:1670 marked differences 1653:1670 marked differences between Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) and Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice that where diminished upon co-housing 1653:1759 Accordingly, ribotyping revealed marked differences between Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) and Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice that where diminished upon co-housing. 24555997 8 60 theme Ifnar1 1176:1181 arg1 mice 1193:1196 Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice 1176:1196 Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice 1176:1196 While Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice did not exhibit spontaneous inflammation or increased severity in DSS colitis compared with Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice, they exhibited an increased tumour burden in the AOM/DSS model. 24555997 1 61 theme OBJECTIVE 127:135 arg1 cells 159:163 OBJECTIVE Intestinal epithelial cells 127:163 OBJECTIVE Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) at the internal/external interface 127:205 OBJECTIVE Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) at the internal/external interface orchestrate the mucosal immune response. 24555997 1 61 theme OBJECTIVE 127:135 arg1 IECs 166:169 IECs 166:169 IECs 166:169 OBJECTIVE Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) at the internal/external interface orchestrate the mucosal immune response. 24555997 4 62 theme conditional 679:689 arg1 deletion 691:698 conditional deletion 679:698 conditional deletion of Ifnar1 in IECs 679:716 DESIGN Type I IFN signalling was studied in mice with conditional deletion of Ifnar1 in IECs. 24555997 3 63 from signalling 554:563 arg1 cells 575:579 Paneth cells 568:579 Paneth cells 568:579 Prompted by the genetic association of the locus harbouring the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR1) with Crohn's disease, and a transcriptional signature for type I IFN signalling in Paneth cells, we studied the function of IFNAR1 in IECs. 24555997 9 64 dep Ifnar1 1582:1587 arg1 IEC 1593:1595 IEC 1593:1595 IEC 1593:1595 Both hyperproliferation and tumour promotion were dependent on the microbial flora, as the differences between genotypes were marked upon separately housing mice, but disappeared when Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) and Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice were co-housed. 24555997 9 64 dep Ifnar1 1582:1587 arg1 +/+ 1589:1591 +/+ 1589:1591 +/+(IEC) 1589:1596 Both hyperproliferation and tumour promotion were dependent on the microbial flora, as the differences between genotypes were marked upon separately housing mice, but disappeared when Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) and Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice were co-housed. 24555997 1 65 theme epithelial 148:157 arg1 cells 159:163 OBJECTIVE Intestinal epithelial cells 127:163 OBJECTIVE Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) at the internal/external interface 127:205 OBJECTIVE Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) at the internal/external interface orchestrate the mucosal immune response. 24555997 1 65 theme epithelial 148:157 arg1 IECs 166:169 IECs 166:169 IECs 166:169 OBJECTIVE Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) at the internal/external interface orchestrate the mucosal immune response. 24555997 0 66 from signalling 18:27 arg1 epithelium 47:56 the intestinal epithelium 32:56 the intestinal epithelium 32:56 Type I interferon signalling in the intestinal epithelium affects Paneth cells, microbial ecology and epithelial regeneration. 24555997 8 67 from burden 1348:1353 arg1 model 1370:1374 the AOM/DSS model 1358:1374 the AOM/DSS model 1358:1374 While Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice did not exhibit spontaneous inflammation or increased severity in DSS colitis compared with Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice, they exhibited an increased tumour burden in the AOM/DSS model. 24555997 7 68 theme Ifnar1 1026:1031 arg1 mice 1043:1046 RESULTS Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice 1018:1046 RESULTS Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice 1018:1046 RESULTS Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice displayed expansion of Paneth cell numbers and epithelial hyperproliferation compared with Ifnar1-sufficient littermates. 24555997 7 69 theme Ifnar1-sufficient 1139:1155 arg1 littermates 1157:1167 Ifnar1-sufficient littermates 1139:1167 Ifnar1-sufficient littermates 1139:1167 RESULTS Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice displayed expansion of Paneth cell numbers and epithelial hyperproliferation compared with Ifnar1-sufficient littermates. 24555997 9 70 theme microbial 1444:1452 arg1 flora 1454:1458 the microbial flora 1440:1458 the microbial flora 1440:1458 Both hyperproliferation and tumour promotion were dependent on the microbial flora, as the differences between genotypes were marked upon separately housing mice, but disappeared when Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) and Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice were co-housed. 24555997 6 71 theme colitis-associated 937:954 arg1 cancer 956:961 colitis-associated cancer 937:961 colitis-associated cancer induced by DSS in conjunction with azoxymethane (AOM) 937:1015 The role of IFNAR1 was also investigated in experimental colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and colitis-associated cancer induced by DSS in conjunction with azoxymethane (AOM). 24555997 0 72 theme epithelial 102:111 arg1 cells 73:77 Paneth cells 66:77 Paneth cells 66:77 Type I interferon signalling in the intestinal epithelium affects Paneth cells, microbial ecology and epithelial regeneration. 24555997 0 72 theme epithelial 102:111 arg1 regeneration 113:124 epithelial regeneration 102:124 epithelial regeneration 102:124 Type I interferon signalling in the intestinal epithelium affects Paneth cells, microbial ecology and epithelial regeneration. 24555997 3 73 from function 597:604 arg1 IECs 619:622 IECs 619:622 IECs 619:622 Prompted by the genetic association of the locus harbouring the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR1) with Crohn's disease, and a transcriptional signature for type I IFN signalling in Paneth cells, we studied the function of IFNAR1 in IECs. 24555997 9 74 dep Ifnar1 1561:1566 arg1 IEC 1572:1574 IEC 1572:1574 IEC 1572:1574 Both hyperproliferation and tumour promotion were dependent on the microbial flora, as the differences between genotypes were marked upon separately housing mice, but disappeared when Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) and Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice were co-housed. 24555997 9 74 dep Ifnar1 1561:1566 arg1 -/- 1568:1570 -/- 1568:1570 -/-(IEC) 1568:1575 Both hyperproliferation and tumour promotion were dependent on the microbial flora, as the differences between genotypes were marked upon separately housing mice, but disappeared when Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) and Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice were co-housed. 24555997 3 75 theme transcriptional 513:527 arg1 signature 529:537 a transcriptional signature 511:537 a transcriptional signature for type I IFN signalling in Paneth cells 511:579 Prompted by the genetic association of the locus harbouring the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR1) with Crohn's disease, and a transcriptional signature for type I IFN signalling in Paneth cells, we studied the function of IFNAR1 in IECs. 24555997 7 76 dep cell 1078:1081 arg1 numbers 1083:1089 numbers 1083:1089 numbers 1083:1089 RESULTS Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice displayed expansion of Paneth cell numbers and epithelial hyperproliferation compared with Ifnar1-sufficient littermates. 24555997 3 77 theme interferon 450:459 arg1 receptor 467:474 the type I interferon (IFN) receptor 439:474 the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR1) with Crohn's disease 439:504 Prompted by the genetic association of the locus harbouring the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR1) with Crohn's disease, and a transcriptional signature for type I IFN signalling in Paneth cells, we studied the function of IFNAR1 in IECs. 24555997 3 77 theme interferon 450:459 arg1 IFNAR1 477:482 IFNAR1 477:482 IFNAR1 477:482 Prompted by the genetic association of the locus harbouring the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR1) with Crohn's disease, and a transcriptional signature for type I IFN signalling in Paneth cells, we studied the function of IFNAR1 in IECs. 24555997 2 78 theme Paneth 248:253 arg1 cells 255:259 Paneth cells 248:259 Paneth cells 248:259 Paneth cells secrete antimicrobial peptides and inflammatory mediators, protect from pathogens and shape the commensal microbiota. 24555997 8 79 dep Ifnar1 1176:1181 arg1 IEC 1187:1189 IEC 1187:1189 IEC 1187:1189 While Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice did not exhibit spontaneous inflammation or increased severity in DSS colitis compared with Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice, they exhibited an increased tumour burden in the AOM/DSS model. 24555997 8 79 dep Ifnar1 1176:1181 arg1 -/- 1183:1185 -/- 1183:1185 -/-(IEC) 1183:1190 While Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice did not exhibit spontaneous inflammation or increased severity in DSS colitis compared with Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice, they exhibited an increased tumour burden in the AOM/DSS model. 24555997 7 80 theme Paneth 1071:1076 arg1 cell 1078:1081 Paneth cell numbers and epithelial hyperproliferation 1071:1123 cell 1078:1081 RESULTS Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) mice displayed expansion of Paneth cell numbers and epithelial hyperproliferation compared with Ifnar1-sufficient littermates. 24555997 3 81 theme type 443:446 arg1 IFN 462:464 IFN 462:464 IFN 462:464 Prompted by the genetic association of the locus harbouring the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR1) with Crohn's disease, and a transcriptional signature for type I IFN signalling in Paneth cells, we studied the function of IFNAR1 in IECs. 24555997 3 81 theme type 443:446 arg1 interferon 450:459 type I interferon 443:459 the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR1) with Crohn's disease 439:504 Prompted by the genetic association of the locus harbouring the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR1) with Crohn's disease, and a transcriptional signature for type I IFN signalling in Paneth cells, we studied the function of IFNAR1 in IECs. 24555997 3 82 theme IFNAR1 609:614 arg1 function 597:604 the function 593:604 the function of IFNAR1 in IECs 593:622 Prompted by the genetic association of the locus harbouring the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR1) with Crohn's disease, and a transcriptional signature for type I IFN signalling in Paneth cells, we studied the function of IFNAR1 in IECs. 24555997 10 83 dep mice 1718:1721 arg1 IEC 1712:1714 IEC 1712:1714 IEC 1712:1714 Accordingly, ribotyping revealed marked differences between Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) and Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice that where diminished upon co-housing. 24555997 10 83 dep mice 1718:1721 arg1 +/+ 1708:1710 +/+ 1708:1710 +/+(IEC) 1708:1715 Accordingly, ribotyping revealed marked differences between Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) and Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice that where diminished upon co-housing. 24555997 2 84 theme commensal 357:365 arg1 microbiota 367:376 the commensal microbiota 353:376 the commensal microbiota 353:376 Paneth cells secrete antimicrobial peptides and inflammatory mediators, protect from pathogens and shape the commensal microbiota. 24555997 4 85 from deletion 691:698 arg1 IECs 713:716 IECs 713:716 IECs 713:716 DESIGN Type I IFN signalling was studied in mice with conditional deletion of Ifnar1 in IECs. 24555997 9 86 theme housing 1526:1532 arg1 mice 1534:1537 separately housing mice 1515:1537 separately housing mice 1515:1537 Both hyperproliferation and tumour promotion were dependent on the microbial flora, as the differences between genotypes were marked upon separately housing mice, but disappeared when Ifnar1(-/-(IEC)) and Ifnar1(+/+(IEC)) mice were co-housed. 24555997 5 87 theme rDNA 811:814 arg1 ribotyping 816:825 rDNA ribotyping 811:825 rDNA ribotyping 811:825 Phenotype was characterised at baseline, and gut microbiota composition was assessed by 16S rDNA ribotyping. 24555997 5 88 theme gut 764:766 arg1 composition 779:789 gut microbiota composition 764:789 gut microbiota composition 764:789 Phenotype was characterised at baseline, and gut microbiota composition was assessed by 16S rDNA ribotyping. 30645881 7 0 theme fractional 1412:1421 arg1 composition 1423:1433 different fractional composition 1402:1433 different fractional composition 1402:1433 The resulting degradation products had different fractional composition and structural features. 30645881 6 1 theme enzymatic 1204:1212 arg1 systems 1214:1220 enzymatic systems 1204:1220 enzymatic systems with different substrate specificity 1204:1257 The action of enzymatic systems with different substrate specificity on the degree of destruction of subcellular structures of yeast was illustrated by electron microscopy. 30645881 5 2 theme substances 1099:1108 arg1 hydrolysis 1077:1086 deep hydrolysis 1072:1086 deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids 1072:1187 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 9 3 theme matrix 1807:1812 arg1 degradation 1765:1775 a deeper degradation 1756:1775 a deeper degradation of the protein-polysaccharide matrix of the cell walls 1756:1830 The use of ES-2 has provided a deeper degradation of the protein-polysaccharide matrix of the cell walls and partial hydrolysis of proteins with the formation of soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa. 30645881 9 3 theme matrix 1807:1812 arg1 hydrolysis 1844:1853 partial hydrolysis 1836:1853 partial hydrolysis of proteins with the formation of soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa 1836:1953 The use of ES-2 has provided a deeper degradation of the protein-polysaccharide matrix of the cell walls and partial hydrolysis of proteins with the formation of soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa. 30645881 11 4 theme food 2336:2339 arg1 ingredients 2341:2351 food ingredients 2336:2351 food ingredients with special functional effects 2336:2383 The efficacy of targeted destruction of subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with getting of fermentation biomass with the specified fractional composition of protein substances for the production of food ingredients with special functional effects has been shown. 30645881 1 5 theme subcellular 239:249 arg1 structures 251:260 subcellular structures 239:260 subcellular structures of the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе 239:306 With the use of enzyme systems (ES) the directed biocatalytic destruction of subcellular structures of the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе has been conducted for obtaining products of the specified structural-fractional composition. 30645881 7 6 theme degradation 1377:1387 arg1 products 1389:1396 The resulting degradation products 1363:1396 The resulting degradation products 1363:1396 The resulting degradation products had different fractional composition and structural features. 30645881 11 7 theme fermentation 2229:2240 arg1 biomass 2242:2248 fermentation biomass 2229:2248 fermentation biomass 2229:2248 The efficacy of targeted destruction of subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with getting of fermentation biomass with the specified fractional composition of protein substances for the production of food ingredients with special functional effects has been shown. 30645881 10 8 theme predominant 2021:2031 arg1 content 2033:2039 predominant content 2021:2039 predominant content (89%) of free amino acids and short peptides with molecular weight up to 300 Da 2021:2119 ES-3 treatment of yeast cells allowed to obtain composition with predominant content (89%) of free amino acids and short peptides with molecular weight up to 300 Da. 30645881 10 8 theme predominant 2021:2031 arg1 % 2044:2044 89% 2042:2044 89% 2042:2044 ES-3 treatment of yeast cells allowed to obtain composition with predominant content (89%) of free amino acids and short peptides with molecular weight up to 300 Da. 30645881 5 9 theme protein 1091:1097 arg1 substances 1099:1108 protein substances 1091:1108 protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids 1091:1187 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 6 10 theme electron 1342:1349 arg1 microscopy 1351:1360 electron microscopy 1342:1360 electron microscopy 1342:1360 The action of enzymatic systems with different substrate specificity on the degree of destruction of subcellular structures of yeast was illustrated by electron microscopy. 30645881 4 11 theme metal-depended 801:814 arg1 proteases 816:824 metal-depended proteases 801:824 metal-depended proteases 801:824 ES-2, along with the enzymatic composition of ES-1, also contained a proteolytic complex, which included enzymes of bacterial origin, which were neutral, serine and metal-depended proteases (in a dosage of 2 units of PS/g of yeast). 30645881 9 12 theme walls 1826:1830 arg1 matrix 1807:1812 the protein-polysaccharide matrix 1780:1812 the protein-polysaccharide matrix of the cell walls 1780:1830 The use of ES-2 has provided a deeper degradation of the protein-polysaccharide matrix of the cell walls and partial hydrolysis of proteins with the formation of soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa. 30645881 3 13 theme units 568:572 arg1 rate 542:545 the rate 538:545 the rate of β-glucanase - 300 units of β-GcS/g of yeast, mannanase - 28.9 units of MS/g of yeast 538:633 Enzymes were dosed out at the rate of β-glucanase - 300 units of β-GcS/g of yeast, mannanase - 28.9 units of MS/g of yeast. 30645881 8 14 theme molecular 1646:1654 arg1 weight 1656:1661 different molecular weight 1636:1661 different molecular weight (20-60 kDa) that were characteristic for the starting material 1636:1724 The results showed that ЕS-1 treatment of yeast led to deformation of the cell walls, but did not affect the composition of the protein fractions, represented by peptides with different molecular weight (20-60 kDa) that were characteristic for the starting material. 30645881 8 14 theme molecular 1646:1654 arg1 kDa 1670:1672 20-60 kDa 1664:1672 20-60 kDa 1664:1672 The results showed that ЕS-1 treatment of yeast led to deformation of the cell walls, but did not affect the composition of the protein fractions, represented by peptides with different molecular weight (20-60 kDa) that were characteristic for the starting material. 30645881 4 15 theme PS/g 853:856 arg1 units 844:848 2 units 842:848 2 units of PS/g of yeast 842:865 ES-2, along with the enzymatic composition of ES-1, also contained a proteolytic complex, which included enzymes of bacterial origin, which were neutral, serine and metal-depended proteases (in a dosage of 2 units of PS/g of yeast). 30645881 9 16 theme partial 1836:1842 arg1 hydrolysis 1844:1853 partial hydrolysis 1836:1853 partial hydrolysis of proteins with the formation of soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa 1836:1953 The use of ES-2 has provided a deeper degradation of the protein-polysaccharide matrix of the cell walls and partial hydrolysis of proteins with the formation of soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa. 30645881 6 17 theme different 1227:1235 arg1 specificity 1247:1257 different substrate specificity 1227:1257 different substrate specificity 1227:1257 The action of enzymatic systems with different substrate specificity on the degree of destruction of subcellular structures of yeast was illustrated by electron microscopy. 30645881 1 18 theme structural-fractional 367:387 arg1 composition 389:399 the specified structural-fractional composition 353:399 the specified structural-fractional composition 353:399 With the use of enzyme systems (ES) the directed biocatalytic destruction of subcellular structures of the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе has been conducted for obtaining products of the specified structural-fractional composition. 30645881 1 19 theme enzyme 178:183 arg1 ES 194:195 ES 194:195 ES 194:195 With the use of enzyme systems (ES) the directed biocatalytic destruction of subcellular structures of the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе has been conducted for obtaining products of the specified structural-fractional composition. 30645881 1 19 theme enzyme 178:183 arg1 systems 185:191 enzyme systems 178:191 enzyme systems (ES) 178:196 With the use of enzyme systems (ES) the directed biocatalytic destruction of subcellular structures of the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе has been conducted for obtaining products of the specified structural-fractional composition. 30645881 4 20 theme yeast 861:865 arg1 PS/g 853:856 PS/g 853:856 PS/g of yeast 853:865 ES-2, along with the enzymatic composition of ES-1, also contained a proteolytic complex, which included enzymes of bacterial origin, which were neutral, serine and metal-depended proteases (in a dosage of 2 units of PS/g of yeast). 30645881 11 21 theme subcellular 2162:2172 arg1 structures 2174:2183 subcellular structures 2162:2183 subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2162:2211 The efficacy of targeted destruction of subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with getting of fermentation biomass with the specified fractional composition of protein substances for the production of food ingredients with special functional effects has been shown. 30645881 0 22 theme fractional 115:124 arg1 composition 126:136 the specified fractional composition 101:136 the specified fractional composition of protein substances 101:158 [The study of the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast biomass to generate food ingredients with the specified fractional composition of protein substances]. 30645881 5 23 theme proteases 994:1002 arg1 dose 986:989 high dose 981:989 high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids 981:1187 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 3 24 theme yeast 588:592 arg1 β-GcS/g 577:583 β-GcS/g 577:583 β-GcS/g of yeast 577:592 Enzymes were dosed out at the rate of β-glucanase - 300 units of β-GcS/g of yeast, mannanase - 28.9 units of MS/g of yeast. 30645881 10 25 theme amino 2055:2059 arg1 acids 2061:2065 free amino acids 2050:2065 free amino acids 2050:2065 ES-3 treatment of yeast cells allowed to obtain composition with predominant content (89%) of free amino acids and short peptides with molecular weight up to 300 Da. 30645881 3 26 theme β-GcS/g 577:583 arg1 mannanase 595:603 mannanase 595:603 mannanase 595:603 Enzymes were dosed out at the rate of β-glucanase - 300 units of β-GcS/g of yeast, mannanase - 28.9 units of MS/g of yeast. 30645881 3 26 theme β-GcS/g 577:583 arg1 units 568:572 β-glucanase - 300 units 550:572 β-glucanase - 300 units of β-GcS/g of yeast 550:592 Enzymes were dosed out at the rate of β-glucanase - 300 units of β-GcS/g of yeast, mannanase - 28.9 units of MS/g of yeast. 30645881 4 27 theme units 844:848 arg1 dosage 832:837 a dosage 830:837 a dosage of 2 units of PS/g of yeast 830:865 ES-2, along with the enzymatic composition of ES-1, also contained a proteolytic complex, which included enzymes of bacterial origin, which were neutral, serine and metal-depended proteases (in a dosage of 2 units of PS/g of yeast). 30645881 5 28 theme amino 1177:1181 arg1 acids 1183:1187 free amino acids 1172:1187 free amino acids 1172:1187 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 0 29 theme substances 149:158 arg1 composition 126:136 the specified fractional composition 101:136 the specified fractional composition of protein substances 101:158 [The study of the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast biomass to generate food ingredients with the specified fractional composition of protein substances]. 30645881 10 30 theme cells 1980:1984 arg1 treatment 1961:1969 ES-3 treatment 1956:1969 ES-3 treatment of yeast cells 1956:1984 ES-3 treatment of yeast cells allowed to obtain composition with predominant content (89%) of free amino acids and short peptides with molecular weight up to 300 Da. 30645881 9 31 theme soluble 1889:1895 arg1 components 1905:1914 soluble protein components 1889:1914 soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa 1889:1953 The use of ES-2 has provided a deeper degradation of the protein-polysaccharide matrix of the cell walls and partial hydrolysis of proteins with the formation of soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa. 30645881 5 32 theme units 1025:1029 arg1 PS/g 1031:1034 10 units PS/g 1022:1034 10 units PS/g of yeast 1022:1043 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 10 33 dep weight 2101:2106 arg1 Da 2118:2119 up to 300 Da 2108:2119 molecular weight up to 300 Da 2091:2119 ES-3 treatment of yeast cells allowed to obtain composition with predominant content (89%) of free amino acids and short peptides with molecular weight up to 300 Da. 30645881 9 34 theme components 1905:1914 arg1 formation 1876:1884 the formation 1872:1884 the formation of soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa 1872:1953 The use of ES-2 has provided a deeper degradation of the protein-polysaccharide matrix of the cell walls and partial hydrolysis of proteins with the formation of soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa. 30645881 4 35 theme enzymatic 657:665 arg1 composition 667:677 the enzymatic composition 653:677 the enzymatic composition of ES-1 653:685 ES-2, along with the enzymatic composition of ES-1, also contained a proteolytic complex, which included enzymes of bacterial origin, which were neutral, serine and metal-depended proteases (in a dosage of 2 units of PS/g of yeast). 30645881 5 36 theme weight 1152:1157 arg1 peptides 1159:1166 low molecular weight peptides 1138:1166 low molecular weight peptides 1138:1166 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 0 37 theme biomass 59:65 arg1 hydrolysis 39:48 enzymatic hydrolysis 29:48 enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast biomass 29:65 [The study of the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast biomass to generate food ingredients with the specified fractional composition of protein substances]. 30645881 3 38 dep units 568:572 arg1 units 612:616 28.9 units 607:616 28.9 units of MS/g of yeast 607:633 Enzymes were dosed out at the rate of β-glucanase - 300 units of β-GcS/g of yeast, mannanase - 28.9 units of MS/g of yeast. 30645881 11 39 theme functional 2366:2375 arg1 effects 2377:2383 special functional effects 2358:2383 special functional effects 2358:2383 The efficacy of targeted destruction of subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with getting of fermentation biomass with the specified fractional composition of protein substances for the production of food ingredients with special functional effects has been shown. 30645881 9 40 theme molecular 1921:1929 arg1 weight 1931:1936 molecular weight 1921:1936 molecular weight less than 14 kDa 1921:1953 The use of ES-2 has provided a deeper degradation of the protein-polysaccharide matrix of the cell walls and partial hydrolysis of proteins with the formation of soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa. 30645881 9 41 with proteins 1858:1865 arg1 formation 1876:1884 the formation 1872:1884 the formation of soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa 1872:1953 The use of ES-2 has provided a deeper degradation of the protein-polysaccharide matrix of the cell walls and partial hydrolysis of proteins with the formation of soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa. 30645881 5 42 theme fungal 1007:1012 arg1 origin 1014:1019 fungal origin 1007:1019 fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids 1007:1187 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 9 43 theme less 1938:1941 arg1 weight 1931:1936 molecular weight 1921:1936 molecular weight less than 14 kDa 1921:1953 The use of ES-2 has provided a deeper degradation of the protein-polysaccharide matrix of the cell walls and partial hydrolysis of proteins with the formation of soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa. 30645881 5 44 theme yeast 1113:1117 arg1 protoplasm 1124:1133 yeast cell protoplasm 1113:1133 yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids 1113:1187 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 4 45 from serine 790:795 arg1 dosage 832:837 a dosage 830:837 a dosage of 2 units of PS/g of yeast 830:865 ES-2, along with the enzymatic composition of ES-1, also contained a proteolytic complex, which included enzymes of bacterial origin, which were neutral, serine and metal-depended proteases (in a dosage of 2 units of PS/g of yeast). 30645881 4 46 dep along 642:646 arg1 with 648:651 with 648:651 with 648:651 ES-2, along with the enzymatic composition of ES-1, also contained a proteolytic complex, which included enzymes of bacterial origin, which were neutral, serine and metal-depended proteases (in a dosage of 2 units of PS/g of yeast). 30645881 0 47 theme yeast 53:57 arg1 biomass 59:65 yeast biomass 53:65 yeast biomass 53:65 [The study of the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast biomass to generate food ingredients with the specified fractional composition of protein substances]. 30645881 0 48 theme [The 0:3 arg1 study 5:9 [The study 0:9 [The study of the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast biomass 0:65 [The study of the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast biomass to generate food ingredients with the specified fractional composition of protein substances]. 30645881 1 49 theme structures 251:260 arg1 destruction 224:234 the directed biocatalytic destruction 198:234 the directed biocatalytic destruction of subcellular structures of the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе 198:306 With the use of enzyme systems (ES) the directed biocatalytic destruction of subcellular structures of the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе has been conducted for obtaining products of the specified structural-fractional composition. 30645881 11 50 theme protein 2295:2301 arg1 substances 2303:2312 protein substances 2295:2312 protein substances 2295:2312 The efficacy of targeted destruction of subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with getting of fermentation biomass with the specified fractional composition of protein substances for the production of food ingredients with special functional effects has been shown. 30645881 4 51 theme proteolytic 705:715 arg1 complex 717:723 a proteolytic complex 703:723 a proteolytic complex 703:723 ES-2, along with the enzymatic composition of ES-1, also contained a proteolytic complex, which included enzymes of bacterial origin, which were neutral, serine and metal-depended proteases (in a dosage of 2 units of PS/g of yeast). 30645881 10 52 theme peptides 2077:2084 arg1 content 2033:2039 predominant content 2021:2039 predominant content (89%) of free amino acids and short peptides with molecular weight up to 300 Da 2021:2119 ES-3 treatment of yeast cells allowed to obtain composition with predominant content (89%) of free amino acids and short peptides with molecular weight up to 300 Da. 30645881 10 52 theme peptides 2077:2084 arg1 % 2044:2044 89% 2042:2044 89% 2042:2044 ES-3 treatment of yeast cells allowed to obtain composition with predominant content (89%) of free amino acids and short peptides with molecular weight up to 300 Da. 30645881 5 53 theme hydrolysis 1077:1086 arg1 implementation 1054:1067 the implementation 1050:1067 the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids 1050:1187 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 2 54 theme wall 481:484 arg1 polysaccharides 486:500 cell wall polysaccharides 476:500 cell wall polysaccharides of yeast 476:509 The composition of ES-1 included the enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of cell wall polysaccharides of yeast. 30645881 11 55 theme destruction 2147:2157 arg1 efficacy 2126:2133 The efficacy 2122:2133 The efficacy of targeted destruction of subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with getting of fermentation biomass with the specified fractional composition of protein substances for the production of food ingredients with special functional effects 2122:2383 The efficacy of targeted destruction of subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with getting of fermentation biomass with the specified fractional composition of protein substances for the production of food ingredients with special functional effects has been shown. 30645881 6 56 theme yeast 1317:1321 arg1 structures 1303:1312 subcellular structures 1291:1312 subcellular structures of yeast 1291:1321 The action of enzymatic systems with different substrate specificity on the degree of destruction of subcellular structures of yeast was illustrated by electron microscopy. 30645881 6 57 from action 1194:1199 arg1 degree 1266:1271 the degree 1262:1271 the degree of destruction of subcellular structures of yeast 1262:1321 The action of enzymatic systems with different substrate specificity on the degree of destruction of subcellular structures of yeast was illustrated by electron microscopy. 30645881 0 58 theme process 18:24 arg1 study 5:9 [The study 0:9 [The study of the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast biomass 0:65 [The study of the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast biomass to generate food ingredients with the specified fractional composition of protein substances]. 30645881 9 59 theme ES-2 1738:1741 arg1 use 1731:1733 The use 1727:1733 The use of ES-2 1727:1741 The use of ES-2 has provided a deeper degradation of the protein-polysaccharide matrix of the cell walls and partial hydrolysis of proteins with the formation of soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa. 30645881 1 60 theme biomass 275:281 arg1 cerevisiaе 297:306 the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе 265:306 the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе 265:306 With the use of enzyme systems (ES) the directed biocatalytic destruction of subcellular structures of the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе has been conducted for obtaining products of the specified structural-fractional composition. 30645881 4 61 theme neutral 781:787 arg1 serine 790:795 serine 790:795 serine 790:795 ES-2, along with the enzymatic composition of ES-1, also contained a proteolytic complex, which included enzymes of bacterial origin, which were neutral, serine and metal-depended proteases (in a dosage of 2 units of PS/g of yeast). 30645881 0 62 theme enzymatic 29:37 arg1 hydrolysis 39:48 enzymatic hydrolysis 29:48 enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast biomass 29:65 [The study of the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast biomass to generate food ingredients with the specified fractional composition of protein substances]. 30645881 1 63 theme cerevisiaе 297:306 arg1 structures 251:260 subcellular structures 239:260 subcellular structures of the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе 239:306 With the use of enzyme systems (ES) the directed biocatalytic destruction of subcellular structures of the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе has been conducted for obtaining products of the specified structural-fractional composition. 30645881 7 64 theme structural 1439:1448 arg1 features 1450:1457 structural features 1439:1457 structural features 1439:1457 The resulting degradation products had different fractional composition and structural features. 30645881 10 65 theme yeast 1974:1978 arg1 cells 1980:1984 yeast cells 1974:1984 yeast cells 1974:1984 ES-3 treatment of yeast cells allowed to obtain composition with predominant content (89%) of free amino acids and short peptides with molecular weight up to 300 Da. 30645881 5 66 dep origin 1014:1019 arg1 PS/g 1031:1034 10 units PS/g 1022:1034 10 units PS/g of yeast 1022:1043 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 10 67 theme short 2071:2075 arg1 peptides 2077:2084 short peptides 2071:2084 short peptides with molecular weight up to 300 Da 2071:2119 ES-3 treatment of yeast cells allowed to obtain composition with predominant content (89%) of free amino acids and short peptides with molecular weight up to 300 Da. 30645881 5 68 theme cell 1119:1122 arg1 protoplasm 1124:1133 yeast cell protoplasm 1113:1133 yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids 1113:1187 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 9 69 theme deeper 1758:1763 arg1 degradation 1765:1775 a deeper degradation 1756:1775 a deeper degradation of the protein-polysaccharide matrix of the cell walls 1756:1830 The use of ES-2 has provided a deeper degradation of the protein-polysaccharide matrix of the cell walls and partial hydrolysis of proteins with the formation of soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa. 30645881 4 70 theme origin 762:767 arg1 enzymes 741:747 enzymes 741:747 enzymes 741:747 ES-2, along with the enzymatic composition of ES-1, also contained a proteolytic complex, which included enzymes of bacterial origin, which were neutral, serine and metal-depended proteases (in a dosage of 2 units of PS/g of yeast). 30645881 7 71 theme different 1402:1410 arg1 composition 1423:1433 different fractional composition 1402:1433 different fractional composition 1402:1433 The resulting degradation products had different fractional composition and structural features. 30645881 8 72 theme cell 1534:1537 arg1 walls 1539:1543 the cell walls 1530:1543 the cell walls 1530:1543 The results showed that ЕS-1 treatment of yeast led to deformation of the cell walls, but did not affect the composition of the protein fractions, represented by peptides with different molecular weight (20-60 kDa) that were characteristic for the starting material. 30645881 1 73 theme biocatalytic 211:222 arg1 destruction 224:234 the directed biocatalytic destruction 198:234 the directed biocatalytic destruction of subcellular structures of the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе 198:306 With the use of enzyme systems (ES) the directed biocatalytic destruction of subcellular structures of the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе has been conducted for obtaining products of the specified structural-fractional composition. 30645881 1 74 theme directed 202:209 arg1 destruction 224:234 the directed biocatalytic destruction 198:234 the directed biocatalytic destruction of subcellular structures of the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе 198:306 With the use of enzyme systems (ES) the directed biocatalytic destruction of subcellular structures of the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе has been conducted for obtaining products of the specified structural-fractional composition. 30645881 9 75 theme protein-polysaccharide 1784:1805 arg1 matrix 1807:1812 the protein-polysaccharide matrix 1780:1812 the protein-polysaccharide matrix of the cell walls 1780:1830 The use of ES-2 has provided a deeper degradation of the protein-polysaccharide matrix of the cell walls and partial hydrolysis of proteins with the formation of soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa. 30645881 8 76 theme yeast 1502:1506 arg1 treatment 1489:1497 ЕS-1 treatment 1484:1497 ЕS-1 treatment of yeast 1484:1506 The results showed that ЕS-1 treatment of yeast led to deformation of the cell walls, but did not affect the composition of the protein fractions, represented by peptides with different molecular weight (20-60 kDa) that were characteristic for the starting material. 30645881 8 77 theme fractions 1596:1604 arg1 composition 1569:1579 the composition 1565:1579 the composition of the protein fractions, represented by peptides with different molecular weight (20-60 kDa) that were characteristic for the starting material 1565:1724 The results showed that ЕS-1 treatment of yeast led to deformation of the cell walls, but did not affect the composition of the protein fractions, represented by peptides with different molecular weight (20-60 kDa) that were characteristic for the starting material. 30645881 7 78 theme resulting 1367:1375 arg1 products 1389:1396 The resulting degradation products 1363:1396 The resulting degradation products 1363:1396 The resulting degradation products had different fractional composition and structural features. 30645881 11 79 theme targeted 2138:2145 arg1 destruction 2147:2157 targeted destruction 2138:2157 targeted destruction of subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2138:2211 The efficacy of targeted destruction of subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with getting of fermentation biomass with the specified fractional composition of protein substances for the production of food ingredients with special functional effects has been shown. 30645881 6 80 with systems 1214:1220 arg1 specificity 1247:1257 different substrate specificity 1227:1257 different substrate specificity 1227:1257 The action of enzymatic systems with different substrate specificity on the degree of destruction of subcellular structures of yeast was illustrated by electron microscopy. 30645881 6 81 theme structures 1303:1312 arg1 destruction 1276:1286 destruction 1276:1286 destruction of subcellular structures of yeast 1276:1321 The action of enzymatic systems with different substrate specificity on the degree of destruction of subcellular structures of yeast was illustrated by electron microscopy. 30645881 9 82 theme cell 1821:1824 arg1 walls 1826:1830 the cell walls 1817:1830 the cell walls 1817:1830 The use of ES-2 has provided a deeper degradation of the protein-polysaccharide matrix of the cell walls and partial hydrolysis of proteins with the formation of soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa. 30645881 11 83 theme ingredients 2341:2351 arg1 production 2322:2331 the production 2318:2331 the production of food ingredients with special functional effects 2318:2383 The efficacy of targeted destruction of subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with getting of fermentation biomass with the specified fractional composition of protein substances for the production of food ingredients with special functional effects has been shown. 30645881 11 84 with efficacy 2126:2133 arg1 getting 2218:2224 getting 2218:2224 getting 2218:2224 The efficacy of targeted destruction of subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with getting of fermentation biomass with the specified fractional composition of protein substances for the production of food ingredients with special functional effects has been shown. 30645881 11 85 theme structures 2174:2183 arg1 destruction 2147:2157 targeted destruction 2138:2157 targeted destruction of subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2138:2211 The efficacy of targeted destruction of subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with getting of fermentation biomass with the specified fractional composition of protein substances for the production of food ingredients with special functional effects has been shown. 30645881 6 86 theme substrate 1237:1245 arg1 specificity 1247:1257 different substrate specificity 1227:1257 different substrate specificity 1227:1257 The action of enzymatic systems with different substrate specificity on the degree of destruction of subcellular structures of yeast was illustrated by electron microscopy. 30645881 3 87 theme β-glucanase 550:560 arg1 mannanase 595:603 mannanase 595:603 mannanase 595:603 Enzymes were dosed out at the rate of β-glucanase - 300 units of β-GcS/g of yeast, mannanase - 28.9 units of MS/g of yeast. 30645881 3 87 theme β-glucanase 550:560 arg1 units 568:572 β-glucanase - 300 units 550:572 β-glucanase - 300 units of β-GcS/g of yeast 550:592 Enzymes were dosed out at the rate of β-glucanase - 300 units of β-GcS/g of yeast, mannanase - 28.9 units of MS/g of yeast. 30645881 8 88 theme different 1636:1644 arg1 weight 1656:1661 different molecular weight 1636:1661 different molecular weight (20-60 kDa) that were characteristic for the starting material 1636:1724 The results showed that ЕS-1 treatment of yeast led to deformation of the cell walls, but did not affect the composition of the protein fractions, represented by peptides with different molecular weight (20-60 kDa) that were characteristic for the starting material. 30645881 8 88 theme different 1636:1644 arg1 kDa 1670:1672 20-60 kDa 1664:1672 20-60 kDa 1664:1672 The results showed that ЕS-1 treatment of yeast led to deformation of the cell walls, but did not affect the composition of the protein fractions, represented by peptides with different molecular weight (20-60 kDa) that were characteristic for the starting material. 30645881 5 89 with enzymes 891:897 arg1 mannanase 917:925 mannanase 917:925 mannanase 917:925 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 5 89 with enzymes 891:897 arg1 activities 940:949 proteolytic activities 928:949 proteolytic activities 928:949 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 5 89 with enzymes 891:897 arg1 β-glucanase 904:914 β-glucanase 904:914 β-glucanase 904:914 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 4 90 contain contained 693:701 arg1 ES-2 636:639 ES-2 636:639 ES-2 636:639 ES-2, along with the enzymatic composition of ES-1, also contained a proteolytic complex, which included enzymes of bacterial origin, which were neutral, serine and metal-depended proteases (in a dosage of 2 units of PS/g of yeast). 30645881 4 90 contain contained 693:701 arg2 complex 717:723 a proteolytic complex 703:723 a proteolytic complex 703:723 ES-2, along with the enzymatic composition of ES-1, also contained a proteolytic complex, which included enzymes of bacterial origin, which were neutral, serine and metal-depended proteases (in a dosage of 2 units of PS/g of yeast). 30645881 4 90 contain contained 693:701 arg1 composition 667:677 the enzymatic composition 653:677 the enzymatic composition of ES-1 653:685 ES-2, along with the enzymatic composition of ES-1, also contained a proteolytic complex, which included enzymes of bacterial origin, which were neutral, serine and metal-depended proteases (in a dosage of 2 units of PS/g of yeast). 30645881 1 91 theme composition 389:399 arg1 products 341:348 products 341:348 products of the specified structural-fractional composition 341:399 With the use of enzyme systems (ES) the directed biocatalytic destruction of subcellular structures of the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе has been conducted for obtaining products of the specified structural-fractional composition. 30645881 1 92 theme systems 185:191 arg1 use 171:173 the use 167:173 the use of enzyme systems (ES) 167:196 With the use of enzyme systems (ES) the directed biocatalytic destruction of subcellular structures of the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе has been conducted for obtaining products of the specified structural-fractional composition. 30645881 9 93 theme proteins 1858:1865 arg1 degradation 1765:1775 a deeper degradation 1756:1775 a deeper degradation of the protein-polysaccharide matrix of the cell walls 1756:1830 The use of ES-2 has provided a deeper degradation of the protein-polysaccharide matrix of the cell walls and partial hydrolysis of proteins with the formation of soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa. 30645881 9 93 theme proteins 1858:1865 arg1 hydrolysis 1844:1853 partial hydrolysis 1836:1853 partial hydrolysis of proteins with the formation of soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa 1836:1953 The use of ES-2 has provided a deeper degradation of the protein-polysaccharide matrix of the cell walls and partial hydrolysis of proteins with the formation of soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa. 30645881 0 94 theme protein 141:147 arg1 substances 149:158 protein substances 141:158 protein substances 141:158 [The study of the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast biomass to generate food ingredients with the specified fractional composition of protein substances]. 30645881 5 95 theme yeast 1039:1043 arg1 PS/g 1031:1034 10 units PS/g 1022:1034 10 units PS/g of yeast 1022:1043 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 0 96 theme specified 105:113 arg1 composition 126:136 the specified fractional composition 101:136 the specified fractional composition of protein substances 101:158 [The study of the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast biomass to generate food ingredients with the specified fractional composition of protein substances]. 30645881 10 97 theme free 2050:2053 arg1 acids 2061:2065 free amino acids 2050:2065 free amino acids 2050:2065 ES-3 treatment of yeast cells allowed to obtain composition with predominant content (89%) of free amino acids and short peptides with molecular weight up to 300 Da. 30645881 5 98 theme free 1172:1175 arg1 acids 1183:1187 free amino acids 1172:1187 free amino acids 1172:1187 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 10 99 dep 300 2114:2116 arg1 to 2111:2112 to 2111:2112 to 2111:2112 ES-3 treatment of yeast cells allowed to obtain composition with predominant content (89%) of free amino acids and short peptides with molecular weight up to 300 Da. 30645881 11 100 with ingredients 2341:2351 arg1 effects 2377:2383 special functional effects 2358:2383 special functional effects 2358:2383 The efficacy of targeted destruction of subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with getting of fermentation biomass with the specified fractional composition of protein substances for the production of food ingredients with special functional effects has been shown. 30645881 11 101 theme special 2358:2364 arg1 effects 2377:2383 special functional effects 2358:2383 special functional effects 2358:2383 The efficacy of targeted destruction of subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with getting of fermentation biomass with the specified fractional composition of protein substances for the production of food ingredients with special functional effects has been shown. 30645881 4 102 theme ES-1 682:685 arg1 composition 667:677 the enzymatic composition 653:677 the enzymatic composition of ES-1 653:685 ES-2, along with the enzymatic composition of ES-1, also contained a proteolytic complex, which included enzymes of bacterial origin, which were neutral, serine and metal-depended proteases (in a dosage of 2 units of PS/g of yeast). 30645881 9 103 with components 1905:1914 arg1 weight 1931:1936 molecular weight 1921:1936 molecular weight less than 14 kDa 1921:1953 The use of ES-2 has provided a deeper degradation of the protein-polysaccharide matrix of the cell walls and partial hydrolysis of proteins with the formation of soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa. 30645881 6 104 theme subcellular 1291:1301 arg1 structures 1303:1312 subcellular structures 1291:1312 subcellular structures of yeast 1291:1321 The action of enzymatic systems with different substrate specificity on the degree of destruction of subcellular structures of yeast was illustrated by electron microscopy. 30645881 5 105 theme high 981:984 arg1 dose 986:989 high dose 981:989 high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids 981:1187 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 7 106 contain had 1398:1400 arg2 composition 1423:1433 different fractional composition 1402:1433 different fractional composition 1402:1433 The resulting degradation products had different fractional composition and structural features. 30645881 7 106 contain had 1398:1400 arg2 features 1450:1457 structural features 1439:1457 structural features 1439:1457 The resulting degradation products had different fractional composition and structural features. 30645881 7 106 contain had 1398:1400 arg1 products 1389:1396 The resulting degradation products 1363:1396 The resulting degradation products 1363:1396 The resulting degradation products had different fractional composition and structural features. 30645881 2 107 theme yeast 505:509 arg1 polysaccharides 486:500 cell wall polysaccharides 476:500 cell wall polysaccharides of yeast 476:509 The composition of ES-1 included the enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of cell wall polysaccharides of yeast. 30645881 9 108 theme protein 1897:1903 arg1 components 1905:1914 soluble protein components 1889:1914 soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa 1889:1953 The use of ES-2 has provided a deeper degradation of the protein-polysaccharide matrix of the cell walls and partial hydrolysis of proteins with the formation of soluble protein components with molecular weight less than 14 kDa. 30645881 5 109 theme molecular 1142:1150 arg1 weight 1152:1157 low molecular weight 1138:1157 low molecular weight peptides 1138:1166 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 6 110 theme destruction 1276:1286 arg1 degree 1266:1271 the degree 1262:1271 the degree of destruction of subcellular structures of yeast 1262:1321 The action of enzymatic systems with different substrate specificity on the degree of destruction of subcellular structures of yeast was illustrated by electron microscopy. 30645881 2 111 theme polysaccharides 486:500 arg1 hydrolysis 462:471 the hydrolysis 458:471 the hydrolysis of cell wall polysaccharides of yeast 458:509 The composition of ES-1 included the enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of cell wall polysaccharides of yeast. 30645881 8 112 with peptides 1622:1629 arg1 weight 1656:1661 different molecular weight 1636:1661 different molecular weight (20-60 kDa) that were characteristic for the starting material 1636:1724 The results showed that ЕS-1 treatment of yeast led to deformation of the cell walls, but did not affect the composition of the protein fractions, represented by peptides with different molecular weight (20-60 kDa) that were characteristic for the starting material. 30645881 8 112 with peptides 1622:1629 arg1 kDa 1670:1672 20-60 kDa 1664:1672 20-60 kDa 1664:1672 The results showed that ЕS-1 treatment of yeast led to deformation of the cell walls, but did not affect the composition of the protein fractions, represented by peptides with different molecular weight (20-60 kDa) that were characteristic for the starting material. 30645881 11 113 theme fractional 2269:2278 arg1 composition 2280:2290 the specified fractional composition 2255:2290 the specified fractional composition of protein substances 2255:2312 The efficacy of targeted destruction of subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with getting of fermentation biomass with the specified fractional composition of protein substances for the production of food ingredients with special functional effects has been shown. 30645881 0 114 theme food 79:82 arg1 ingredients 84:94 food ingredients 79:94 food ingredients 79:94 [The study of the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast biomass to generate food ingredients with the specified fractional composition of protein substances]. 30645881 4 115 from proteases 816:824 arg1 dosage 832:837 a dosage 830:837 a dosage of 2 units of PS/g of yeast 830:865 ES-2, along with the enzymatic composition of ES-1, also contained a proteolytic complex, which included enzymes of bacterial origin, which were neutral, serine and metal-depended proteases (in a dosage of 2 units of PS/g of yeast). 30645881 8 116 theme starting 1708:1715 arg1 material 1717:1724 the starting material 1704:1724 the starting material 1704:1724 The results showed that ЕS-1 treatment of yeast led to deformation of the cell walls, but did not affect the composition of the protein fractions, represented by peptides with different molecular weight (20-60 kDa) that were characteristic for the starting material. 30645881 5 117 theme origin 1014:1019 arg1 proteases 994:1002 proteases 994:1002 proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids 994:1187 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 11 118 theme substances 2303:2312 arg1 composition 2280:2290 the specified fractional composition 2255:2290 the specified fractional composition of protein substances 2255:2312 The efficacy of targeted destruction of subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with getting of fermentation biomass with the specified fractional composition of protein substances for the production of food ingredients with special functional effects has been shown. 30645881 1 119 theme specified 357:365 arg1 composition 389:399 the specified structural-fractional composition 353:399 the specified structural-fractional composition 353:399 With the use of enzyme systems (ES) the directed biocatalytic destruction of subcellular structures of the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе has been conducted for obtaining products of the specified structural-fractional composition. 30645881 8 120 theme ЕS-1 1484:1487 arg1 treatment 1489:1497 ЕS-1 treatment 1484:1497 ЕS-1 treatment of yeast 1484:1506 The results showed that ЕS-1 treatment of yeast led to deformation of the cell walls, but did not affect the composition of the protein fractions, represented by peptides with different molecular weight (20-60 kDa) that were characteristic for the starting material. 30645881 10 121 with acids 2061:2065 arg1 weight 2101:2106 molecular weight 2091:2106 molecular weight up to 300 Da 2091:2119 ES-3 treatment of yeast cells allowed to obtain composition with predominant content (89%) of free amino acids and short peptides with molecular weight up to 300 Da. 30645881 5 122 theme deep 1072:1075 arg1 hydrolysis 1077:1086 deep hydrolysis 1072:1086 deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids 1072:1187 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 10 123 theme molecular 2091:2099 arg1 weight 2101:2106 molecular weight 2091:2106 molecular weight up to 300 Da 2091:2119 ES-3 treatment of yeast cells allowed to obtain composition with predominant content (89%) of free amino acids and short peptides with molecular weight up to 300 Da. 30645881 3 124 theme MS/g 621:624 arg1 units 612:616 28.9 units 607:616 28.9 units of MS/g of yeast 607:633 Enzymes were dosed out at the rate of β-glucanase - 300 units of β-GcS/g of yeast, mannanase - 28.9 units of MS/g of yeast. 30645881 2 125 theme ES-1 421:424 arg1 composition 406:416 The composition 402:416 The composition of ES-1 402:424 The composition of ES-1 included the enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of cell wall polysaccharides of yeast. 30645881 1 126 theme yeast 269:273 arg1 cerevisiaе 297:306 the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе 265:306 the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе 265:306 With the use of enzyme systems (ES) the directed biocatalytic destruction of subcellular structures of the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе has been conducted for obtaining products of the specified structural-fractional composition. 30645881 5 127 theme proteolytic 928:938 arg1 activities 940:949 proteolytic activities 928:949 proteolytic activities 928:949 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 5 127 theme proteolytic 928:938 arg1 β-glucanase 904:914 β-glucanase 904:914 β-glucanase 904:914 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 2 128 theme cell 476:479 arg1 polysaccharides 486:500 cell wall polysaccharides 476:500 cell wall polysaccharides of yeast 476:509 The composition of ES-1 included the enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of cell wall polysaccharides of yeast. 30645881 0 129 theme hydrolysis 39:48 arg1 process 18:24 the process 14:24 the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast biomass 14:65 [The study of the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast biomass to generate food ingredients with the specified fractional composition of protein substances]. 30645881 1 130 theme Saccharomyces 283:295 arg1 cerevisiaе 297:306 the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе 265:306 the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе 265:306 With the use of enzyme systems (ES) the directed biocatalytic destruction of subcellular structures of the yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiaе has been conducted for obtaining products of the specified structural-fractional composition. 30645881 6 131 theme systems 1214:1220 arg1 action 1194:1199 The action 1190:1199 The action of enzymatic systems with different substrate specificity on the degree of destruction of subcellular structures of yeast 1190:1321 The action of enzymatic systems with different substrate specificity on the degree of destruction of subcellular structures of yeast was illustrated by electron microscopy. 30645881 10 132 with peptides 2077:2084 arg1 weight 2101:2106 molecular weight 2091:2106 molecular weight up to 300 Da 2091:2119 ES-3 treatment of yeast cells allowed to obtain composition with predominant content (89%) of free amino acids and short peptides with molecular weight up to 300 Da. 30645881 3 133 theme yeast 629:633 arg1 MS/g 621:624 MS/g 621:624 MS/g of yeast 621:633 Enzymes were dosed out at the rate of β-glucanase - 300 units of β-GcS/g of yeast, mannanase - 28.9 units of MS/g of yeast. 30645881 10 134 theme acids 2061:2065 arg1 content 2033:2039 predominant content 2021:2039 predominant content (89%) of free amino acids and short peptides with molecular weight up to 300 Da 2021:2119 ES-3 treatment of yeast cells allowed to obtain composition with predominant content (89%) of free amino acids and short peptides with molecular weight up to 300 Da. 30645881 10 134 theme acids 2061:2065 arg1 % 2044:2044 89% 2042:2044 89% 2042:2044 ES-3 treatment of yeast cells allowed to obtain composition with predominant content (89%) of free amino acids and short peptides with molecular weight up to 300 Da. 30645881 5 135 theme protoplasm 1124:1133 arg1 substances 1099:1108 protein substances 1091:1108 protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids 1091:1187 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 30645881 11 136 theme cerevisiae 2202:2211 arg1 structures 2174:2183 subcellular structures 2162:2183 subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2162:2211 The efficacy of targeted destruction of subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with getting of fermentation biomass with the specified fractional composition of protein substances for the production of food ingredients with special functional effects has been shown. 30645881 8 137 theme walls 1539:1543 arg1 deformation 1515:1525 deformation 1515:1525 deformation of the cell walls 1515:1543 The results showed that ЕS-1 treatment of yeast led to deformation of the cell walls, but did not affect the composition of the protein fractions, represented by peptides with different molecular weight (20-60 kDa) that were characteristic for the starting material. 30645881 11 138 theme specified 2259:2267 arg1 composition 2280:2290 the specified fractional composition 2255:2290 the specified fractional composition of protein substances 2255:2312 The efficacy of targeted destruction of subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with getting of fermentation biomass with the specified fractional composition of protein substances for the production of food ingredients with special functional effects has been shown. 30645881 4 139 theme bacterial 752:760 arg1 origin 762:767 bacterial origin 752:767 bacterial origin 752:767 ES-2, along with the enzymatic composition of ES-1, also contained a proteolytic complex, which included enzymes of bacterial origin, which were neutral, serine and metal-depended proteases (in a dosage of 2 units of PS/g of yeast). 30645881 8 140 theme protein 1588:1594 arg1 fractions 1596:1604 the protein fractions 1584:1604 the protein fractions 1584:1604 The results showed that ЕS-1 treatment of yeast led to deformation of the cell walls, but did not affect the composition of the protein fractions, represented by peptides with different molecular weight (20-60 kDa) that were characteristic for the starting material. 30645881 5 141 theme low 1138:1140 arg1 weight 1152:1157 low molecular weight 1138:1157 low molecular weight peptides 1138:1166 ES-3 consisted of the enzymes with β-glucanase, mannanase, proteolytic activities and was further reinforced by high dose of proteases of fungal origin (10 units PS/g of yeast) for the implementation of deep hydrolysis of protein substances of yeast cell protoplasm to low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. 28392458 8 0 theme comet 1312:1316 arg1 tests 1335:1339 The comet and micronucleus tests 1308:1339 tests 1335:1339 The comet and micronucleus tests indicated that the EEDd was not genotoxic. 28392458 11 1 theme safe 1650:1653 arg1 use 1655:1657 the safe use 1646:1657 the safe use of EEDd 1646:1665 This study should contribute to ensuring the safe use of EEDd. 28392458 1 2 dep Doliocarpus 118:128 arg1 dentatus 130:137 dentatus 130:137 dentatus 130:137 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Doliocarpus dentatus is a medicinal plant widely used in Mato Grosso do Sul State for removing the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process and for treating urine retention. 28392458 5 3 theme RESULTS 888:894 arg1 204.04mg/g 905:914 204.04mg/g 905:914 204.04mg/g 905:914 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. 28392458 5 3 theme RESULTS 888:894 arg1 Phenols 896:902 RESULTS Phenols 888:902 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g) 888:915 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. 28392458 2 4 dep AIM 300:302 arg1 aspects 331:337 The genotoxic aspects 317:337 The genotoxic aspects 317:337 AIM OF THE STUDY The genotoxic aspects and the anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial activity of the ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of D. dentatus (EEDd) were investigated. 28392458 10 5 theme antimycobacterial 1558:1574 arg1 agent 1598:1602 an antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory agent 1555:1602 an antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory agent 1555:1602 CONCLUSIONS The EEDd does not display genotoxicity, phagocytosis and could act as an antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. 28392458 10 5 theme antimycobacterial 1558:1574 arg1 EEDd 1489:1492 The EEDd 1485:1492 The EEDd 1485:1492 CONCLUSIONS The EEDd does not display genotoxicity, phagocytosis and could act as an antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. 28392458 1 6 dep Grosso 180:185 arg1 do 187:188 do 187:188 do Sul State for removing the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process and for treating urine retention 187:297 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Doliocarpus dentatus is a medicinal plant widely used in Mato Grosso do Sul State for removing the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process and for treating urine retention. 28392458 4 7 theme leukocyte 871:879 arg1 count 881:885 the peripheral leukocyte count 856:885 the peripheral leukocyte count 856:885 The mice received oral administration of EEDd (30-300mg/kg) in carrageenan models of inflammation, and EEDd (10-1000mg/kg) was assayed by the comet, micronucleus, and phagocytosis tests and by the peripheral leukocyte count. 28392458 3 8 dep MATERIALS 487:495 arg1 EEDd 513:516 EEDd 513:516 EEDd 513:516 MATERIALS AND METHODS The EEDd was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the compound composition was evaluated and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 28392458 6 9 theme inhibitory 1124:1133 arg1 MIC 1150:1152 MIC 1150:1152 MIC 1150:1152 The value of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EEDd was 62.5µg/mL. 28392458 6 9 theme inhibitory 1124:1133 arg1 concentration 1135:1147 minimal inhibitory concentration 1116:1147 minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EEDd 1116:1161 The value of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EEDd was 62.5µg/mL. 28392458 2 10 theme genotoxic 321:329 arg1 aspects 331:337 The genotoxic aspects 317:337 The genotoxic aspects 317:337 AIM OF THE STUDY The genotoxic aspects and the anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial activity of the ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of D. dentatus (EEDd) were investigated. 28392458 11 11 theme EEDd 1662:1665 arg1 use 1655:1657 the safe use 1646:1657 the safe use of EEDd 1646:1665 This study should contribute to ensuring the safe use of EEDd. 28392458 4 12 theme peripheral 860:869 arg1 count 881:885 the peripheral leukocyte count 856:885 the peripheral leukocyte count 856:885 The mice received oral administration of EEDd (30-300mg/kg) in carrageenan models of inflammation, and EEDd (10-1000mg/kg) was assayed by the comet, micronucleus, and phagocytosis tests and by the peripheral leukocyte count. 28392458 8 13 theme micronucleus 1322:1333 arg1 tests 1335:1339 The comet and micronucleus tests 1308:1339 tests 1335:1339 The comet and micronucleus tests indicated that the EEDd was not genotoxic. 28392458 2 14 theme antimycobacterial 369:385 arg1 activity 387:394 the anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial activity 343:394 the anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial activity of the ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of D. dentatus (EEDd) 343:466 AIM OF THE STUDY The genotoxic aspects and the anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial activity of the ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of D. dentatus (EEDd) were investigated. 28392458 1 15 theme urine 283:287 arg1 retention 289:297 urine retention 283:297 urine retention 283:297 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Doliocarpus dentatus is a medicinal plant widely used in Mato Grosso do Sul State for removing the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process and for treating urine retention. 28392458 2 16 theme anti-inflammatory 347:363 arg1 activity 387:394 the anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial activity 343:394 the anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial activity of the ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of D. dentatus (EEDd) 343:466 AIM OF THE STUDY The genotoxic aspects and the anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial activity of the ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of D. dentatus (EEDd) were investigated. 28392458 4 17 theme phagocytosis 830:841 arg1 tests 843:847 the comet, micronucleus, and phagocytosis tests 801:847 tests 843:847 The mice received oral administration of EEDd (30-300mg/kg) in carrageenan models of inflammation, and EEDd (10-1000mg/kg) was assayed by the comet, micronucleus, and phagocytosis tests and by the peripheral leukocyte count. 28392458 4 18 theme inflammation 748:759 arg1 models 738:743 carrageenan models 726:743 carrageenan models of inflammation 726:759 The mice received oral administration of EEDd (30-300mg/kg) in carrageenan models of inflammation, and EEDd (10-1000mg/kg) was assayed by the comet, micronucleus, and phagocytosis tests and by the peripheral leukocyte count. 28392458 1 19 theme ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL 87:106 arg1 RELEVANCE 108:116 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 87:116 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Doliocarpus dentatus 87:137 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Doliocarpus dentatus is a medicinal plant widely used in Mato Grosso do Sul State for removing the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process and for treating urine retention. 28392458 1 19 theme ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL 87:106 arg1 plant 154:158 a medicinal plant 142:158 a medicinal plant widely used in Mato Grosso do Sul State for removing the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process and for treating urine retention 142:297 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Doliocarpus dentatus is a medicinal plant widely used in Mato Grosso do Sul State for removing the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process and for treating urine retention. 28392458 5 20 attach present 1082:1088 arg2 Phenols 896:902 RESULTS Phenols 888:902 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g) 888:915 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. 28392458 5 20 attach present 1082:1088 arg2 flavonoids 918:927 flavonoids 918:927 flavonoids (89.17mg/g) 918:939 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. 28392458 5 20 attach present 1082:1088 arg2 204.04mg/g 905:914 204.04mg/g 905:914 204.04mg/g 905:914 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. 28392458 5 20 attach present 1082:1088 arg2 89.17mg/g 930:938 89.17mg/g 930:938 89.17mg/g 930:938 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. 28392458 5 20 attach present 1082:1088 arg1 EEDd 1097:1100 the EEDd 1093:1100 the EEDd 1093:1100 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. 28392458 5 20 attach present 1082:1088 arg2 12.05mg/g 955:963 12.05mg/g 955:963 12.05mg/g 955:963 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. 28392458 5 20 attach present 1082:1088 arg2 sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 977:1010 sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 977:1010 sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 977:1010 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. 28392458 5 20 attach present 1082:1088 arg2 tannins 946:952 tannins 946:952 tannins (12.05mg/g) 946:964 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. 28392458 2 21 dep D. 449:450 arg1 dentatus 452:459 D. dentatus 449:459 D. dentatus (EEDd) 449:466 AIM OF THE STUDY The genotoxic aspects and the anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial activity of the ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of D. dentatus (EEDd) were investigated. 28392458 2 22 theme extract 413:419 arg1 AIM 300:302 AIM 300:302 AIM OF THE STUDY 300:315 AIM OF THE STUDY The genotoxic aspects and the anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial activity of the ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of D. dentatus (EEDd) were investigated. 28392458 2 22 theme extract 413:419 arg1 activity 387:394 the anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial activity 343:394 the anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial activity of the ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of D. dentatus (EEDd) 343:466 AIM OF THE STUDY The genotoxic aspects and the anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial activity of the ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of D. dentatus (EEDd) were investigated. 28392458 5 23 from EEDd 1097:1100 arg1 present 1082:1088 present 1082:1088 present 1082:1088 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. 28392458 1 24 theme Doliocarpus 118:128 arg1 RELEVANCE 108:116 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 87:116 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Doliocarpus dentatus 87:137 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Doliocarpus dentatus is a medicinal plant widely used in Mato Grosso do Sul State for removing the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process and for treating urine retention. 28392458 1 24 theme Doliocarpus 118:128 arg1 plant 154:158 a medicinal plant 142:158 a medicinal plant widely used in Mato Grosso do Sul State for removing the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process and for treating urine retention 142:297 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Doliocarpus dentatus is a medicinal plant widely used in Mato Grosso do Sul State for removing the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process and for treating urine retention. 28392458 2 25 theme ethanolic 403:411 arg1 extract 413:419 the ethanolic extract 399:419 the ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of D. dentatus (EEDd) 399:466 AIM OF THE STUDY The genotoxic aspects and the anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial activity of the ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of D. dentatus (EEDd) were investigated. 28392458 0 26 theme Anti-inflammatory 0:16 arg1 evaluation 51:60 Anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial and genotoxic evaluation 0:60 Anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial and genotoxic evaluation of Doliocarpus dentatus. 0:85 Anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial and genotoxic evaluation of Doliocarpus dentatus. 28392458 4 27 theme oral 681:684 arg1 administration 686:699 oral administration 681:699 oral administration of EEDd (30-300mg/kg) 681:721 The mice received oral administration of EEDd (30-300mg/kg) in carrageenan models of inflammation, and EEDd (10-1000mg/kg) was assayed by the comet, micronucleus, and phagocytosis tests and by the peripheral leukocyte count. 28392458 10 28 theme anti-inflammatory 1580:1596 arg1 agent 1598:1602 an antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory agent 1555:1602 an antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory agent 1555:1602 CONCLUSIONS The EEDd does not display genotoxicity, phagocytosis and could act as an antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. 28392458 10 28 theme anti-inflammatory 1580:1596 arg1 EEDd 1489:1492 The EEDd 1485:1492 The EEDd 1485:1492 CONCLUSIONS The EEDd does not display genotoxicity, phagocytosis and could act as an antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. 28392458 2 29 theme STUDY 311:315 arg1 AIM 300:302 AIM 300:302 AIM OF THE STUDY 300:315 AIM OF THE STUDY The genotoxic aspects and the anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial activity of the ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of D. dentatus (EEDd) were investigated. 28392458 2 29 theme STUDY 311:315 arg1 activity 387:394 the anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial activity 343:394 the anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial activity of the ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of D. dentatus (EEDd) 343:466 AIM OF THE STUDY The genotoxic aspects and the anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial activity of the ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of D. dentatus (EEDd) were investigated. 28392458 9 30 theme leukocyte 1444:1452 arg1 count 1466:1470 the leukocyte perLipheral count 1440:1470 the leukocyte perLipheral count 1440:1470 The EEDd also did not change the phagocytic activity or the leukocyte perLipheral count. 28392458 0 31 theme antimycobacterial 19:35 arg1 evaluation 51:60 Anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial and genotoxic evaluation 0:60 Anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial and genotoxic evaluation of Doliocarpus dentatus. 0:85 Anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial and genotoxic evaluation of Doliocarpus dentatus. 28392458 3 32 theme Mycobacterium 540:552 arg1 tuberculosis 554:565 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 540:565 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 540:565 MATERIALS AND METHODS The EEDd was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the compound composition was evaluated and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 28392458 3 33 theme compound 576:583 arg1 composition 585:595 the compound composition 572:595 the compound composition 572:595 MATERIALS AND METHODS The EEDd was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the compound composition was evaluated and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 28392458 1 34 theme swelling 217:224 arg1 pain 226:229 the swelling pain 213:229 the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process 213:264 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Doliocarpus dentatus is a medicinal plant widely used in Mato Grosso do Sul State for removing the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process and for treating urine retention. 28392458 2 35 dep the 435:437 arg1 leaves 439:444 leaves 439:444 leaves 439:444 AIM OF THE STUDY The genotoxic aspects and the anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial activity of the ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of D. dentatus (EEDd) were investigated. 28392458 9 36 theme perLipheral 1454:1464 arg1 count 1466:1470 the leukocyte perLipheral count 1440:1470 the leukocyte perLipheral count 1440:1470 The EEDd also did not change the phagocytic activity or the leukocyte perLipheral count. 28392458 0 37 theme genotoxic 41:49 arg1 evaluation 51:60 Anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial and genotoxic evaluation 0:60 Anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial and genotoxic evaluation of Doliocarpus dentatus. 0:85 Anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial and genotoxic evaluation of Doliocarpus dentatus. 28392458 4 38 theme comet 805:809 arg1 micronucleus 812:823 the comet, micronucleus, and phagocytosis tests 801:847 micronucleus 812:823 The mice received oral administration of EEDd (30-300mg/kg) in carrageenan models of inflammation, and EEDd (10-1000mg/kg) was assayed by the comet, micronucleus, and phagocytosis tests and by the peripheral leukocyte count. 28392458 0 39 theme Doliocarpus 65:75 arg1 dentatus 77:84 Doliocarpus dentatus 65:84 Doliocarpus dentatus 65:84 Anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial and genotoxic evaluation of Doliocarpus dentatus. 28392458 10 40 dep CONCLUSIONS 1473:1483 arg1 display 1503:1509 display 1503:1509 display genotoxicity 1503:1522 CONCLUSIONS The EEDd does not display genotoxicity, phagocytosis and could act as an antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. 28392458 10 40 dep CONCLUSIONS 1473:1483 arg1 act 1548:1550 act 1548:1550 could act as an antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory agent 1542:1602 CONCLUSIONS The EEDd does not display genotoxicity, phagocytosis and could act as an antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. 28392458 1 41 dep Sul 190:192 arg1 removing 204:211 removing 204:211 removing the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process 204:264 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Doliocarpus dentatus is a medicinal plant widely used in Mato Grosso do Sul State for removing the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process and for treating urine retention. 28392458 1 41 dep Sul 190:192 arg1 treating 274:281 treating 274:281 treating urine retention 274:297 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Doliocarpus dentatus is a medicinal plant widely used in Mato Grosso do Sul State for removing the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process and for treating urine retention. 28392458 1 41 dep Sul 190:192 arg1 State 194:198 State 194:198 Sul State for removing the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process and for treating urine retention 190:297 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Doliocarpus dentatus is a medicinal plant widely used in Mato Grosso do Sul State for removing the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process and for treating urine retention. 28392458 1 42 theme medicinal 144:152 arg1 RELEVANCE 108:116 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 87:116 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Doliocarpus dentatus 87:137 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Doliocarpus dentatus is a medicinal plant widely used in Mato Grosso do Sul State for removing the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process and for treating urine retention. 28392458 1 42 theme medicinal 144:152 arg1 plant 154:158 a medicinal plant 142:158 a medicinal plant widely used in Mato Grosso do Sul State for removing the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process and for treating urine retention 142:297 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Doliocarpus dentatus is a medicinal plant widely used in Mato Grosso do Sul State for removing the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process and for treating urine retention. 28392458 6 43 theme EEDd 1158:1161 arg1 MIC 1150:1152 MIC 1150:1152 MIC 1150:1152 The value of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EEDd was 62.5µg/mL. 28392458 6 43 theme EEDd 1158:1161 arg1 concentration 1135:1147 minimal inhibitory concentration 1116:1147 minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EEDd 1116:1161 The value of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EEDd was 62.5µg/mL. 28392458 5 44 theme kaempferol 1013:1022 arg1 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside 1024:1047 kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside 1013:1047 kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside 1013:1047 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. 28392458 7 45 theme leukocyte 1264:1272 arg1 migration 1274:1282 leukocyte migration 1264:1282 leukocyte migration 1264:1282 The EEDd induced a significant decrease in the edema, mechanical hypersensitivity and leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan. 28392458 7 46 theme mechanical 1232:1241 arg1 hypersensitivity 1243:1258 mechanical hypersensitivity 1232:1258 mechanical hypersensitivity 1232:1258 The EEDd induced a significant decrease in the edema, mechanical hypersensitivity and leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan. 28392458 6 47 theme concentration 1135:1147 arg1 value 1107:1111 The value 1103:1111 The value of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EEDd 1103:1161 The value of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EEDd was 62.5µg/mL. 28392458 6 47 theme concentration 1135:1147 arg1 62.5µg/mL 1167:1175 62.5µg/mL 1167:1175 62.5µg/mL 1167:1175 The value of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EEDd was 62.5µg/mL. 28392458 5 48 located present 1082:1088 arg2 Phenols 896:902 RESULTS Phenols 888:902 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g) 888:915 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. 28392458 5 48 located present 1082:1088 arg2 flavonoids 918:927 flavonoids 918:927 flavonoids (89.17mg/g) 918:939 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. 28392458 5 48 located present 1082:1088 arg2 204.04mg/g 905:914 204.04mg/g 905:914 204.04mg/g 905:914 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. 28392458 5 48 located present 1082:1088 arg2 89.17mg/g 930:938 89.17mg/g 930:938 89.17mg/g 930:938 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. 28392458 5 48 located present 1082:1088 arg1 EEDd 1097:1100 the EEDd 1093:1100 the EEDd 1093:1100 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. 28392458 5 48 located present 1082:1088 arg2 12.05mg/g 955:963 12.05mg/g 955:963 12.05mg/g 955:963 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. 28392458 5 48 located present 1082:1088 arg2 sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 977:1010 sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 977:1010 sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 977:1010 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. 28392458 5 48 located present 1082:1088 arg2 tannins 946:952 tannins 946:952 tannins (12.05mg/g) 946:964 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. 28392458 5 49 theme betulinic 1050:1058 arg1 acid 1060:1063 betulinic acid 1050:1063 betulinic acid 1050:1063 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. 28392458 4 50 theme carrageenan 726:736 arg1 models 738:743 carrageenan models 726:743 carrageenan models of inflammation 726:759 The mice received oral administration of EEDd (30-300mg/kg) in carrageenan models of inflammation, and EEDd (10-1000mg/kg) was assayed by the comet, micronucleus, and phagocytosis tests and by the peripheral leukocyte count. 28392458 6 51 theme minimal 1116:1122 arg1 MIC 1150:1152 MIC 1150:1152 MIC 1150:1152 The value of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EEDd was 62.5µg/mL. 28392458 6 51 theme minimal 1116:1122 arg1 concentration 1135:1147 minimal inhibitory concentration 1116:1147 minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EEDd 1116:1161 The value of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EEDd was 62.5µg/mL. 28392458 7 52 theme significant 1197:1207 arg1 decrease 1209:1216 a significant decrease 1195:1216 a significant decrease in the edema, mechanical hypersensitivity and leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan 1195:1305 The EEDd induced a significant decrease in the edema, mechanical hypersensitivity and leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan. 28392458 7 53 from decrease 1209:1216 arg1 edema 1225:1229 the edema 1221:1229 the edema 1221:1229 The EEDd induced a significant decrease in the edema, mechanical hypersensitivity and leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan. 28392458 7 53 from decrease 1209:1216 arg1 hypersensitivity 1243:1258 mechanical hypersensitivity 1232:1258 mechanical hypersensitivity 1232:1258 The EEDd induced a significant decrease in the edema, mechanical hypersensitivity and leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan. 28392458 7 53 from decrease 1209:1216 arg1 migration 1274:1282 leukocyte migration 1264:1282 leukocyte migration 1264:1282 The EEDd induced a significant decrease in the edema, mechanical hypersensitivity and leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan. 28392458 3 54 theme nuclear 629:635 arg1 NMR 657:659 NMR 657:659 NMR 657:659 MATERIALS AND METHODS The EEDd was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the compound composition was evaluated and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 28392458 3 54 theme nuclear 629:635 arg1 resonance 646:654 nuclear magnetic resonance 629:654 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 629:660 MATERIALS AND METHODS The EEDd was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the compound composition was evaluated and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 28392458 4 55 theme EEDd 704:707 arg1 administration 686:699 oral administration 681:699 oral administration of EEDd (30-300mg/kg) 681:721 The mice received oral administration of EEDd (30-300mg/kg) in carrageenan models of inflammation, and EEDd (10-1000mg/kg) was assayed by the comet, micronucleus, and phagocytosis tests and by the peripheral leukocyte count. 28392458 9 56 theme phagocytic 1417:1426 arg1 activity 1428:1435 the phagocytic activity 1413:1435 the phagocytic activity 1413:1435 The EEDd also did not change the phagocytic activity or the leukocyte perLipheral count. 28392458 1 57 theme inflammation 245:256 arg1 process 258:264 the inflammation process 241:264 the inflammation process 241:264 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Doliocarpus dentatus is a medicinal plant widely used in Mato Grosso do Sul State for removing the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process and for treating urine retention. 28392458 0 58 theme dentatus 77:84 arg1 evaluation 51:60 Anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial and genotoxic evaluation 0:60 Anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial and genotoxic evaluation of Doliocarpus dentatus. 0:85 Anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial and genotoxic evaluation of Doliocarpus dentatus. 28392458 3 59 theme magnetic 637:644 arg1 NMR 657:659 NMR 657:659 NMR 657:659 MATERIALS AND METHODS The EEDd was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the compound composition was evaluated and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 28392458 3 59 theme magnetic 637:644 arg1 resonance 646:654 nuclear magnetic resonance 629:654 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 629:660 MATERIALS AND METHODS The EEDd was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the compound composition was evaluated and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 28392458 5 60 from present 1082:1088 arg1 EEDd 1097:1100 the EEDd 1093:1100 the EEDd 1093:1100 RESULTS Phenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. 25129029 4 0 theme N-linked 770:777 arg1 glycoSNAP 798:806 glycoSNAP 798:806 glycoSNAP 798:806 This involved creation of a genetic assay, glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP), that facilitates high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli. 25129029 4 0 theme N-linked 770:777 arg1 proteins 788:795 secreted N-linked acceptor proteins 761:795 secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP) 761:807 This involved creation of a genetic assay, glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP), that facilitates high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli. 25129029 4 1 theme proteins 788:795 arg1 glycosylation 744:756 glycosylation 744:756 glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP) 744:807 This involved creation of a genetic assay, glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP), that facilitates high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli. 25129029 4 1 theme proteins 788:795 arg1 assay 737:741 a genetic assay 727:741 a genetic assay 727:741 This involved creation of a genetic assay, glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP), that facilitates high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli. 25129029 4 2 from coli 878:881 arg1 screening 843:851 high-throughput screening 827:851 high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli 827:881 This involved creation of a genetic assay, glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP), that facilitates high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli. 25129029 1 3 theme N-linked 186:193 arg1 glycosylation 196:208 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 167:208 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 167:208 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation. 25129029 5 4 theme eukaryotic 1033:1042 arg1 N-glycoprotein 1044:1057 a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein 1031:1057 a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein 1031:1057 Using this assay, we isolated several C. jejuni PglB variants that could glycosylate an array of noncanonical acceptor sequences, including one in a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein. 25129029 2 5 link N-linked 398:405 arg1 process 421:427 the N-linked glycosylation process 394:427 the N-linked glycosylation process 394:427 This machinery has been functionally transferred into Escherichia coli, enabling convenient mechanistic dissection of the N-linked glycosylation process in this genetically tractable host. 25129029 6 6 theme designer 1204:1211 arg1 biocatalysts 1236:1247 designer N-linked glycosylation biocatalysts 1204:1247 designer N-linked glycosylation biocatalysts 1204:1247 These results underscore the utility of glycoSNAP for shedding light on poorly understood aspects of N-linked glycosylation and for engineering designer N-linked glycosylation biocatalysts. 25129029 2 7 theme glycosylation 407:419 arg1 process 421:427 the N-linked glycosylation process 394:427 the N-linked glycosylation process 394:427 This machinery has been functionally transferred into Escherichia coli, enabling convenient mechanistic dissection of the N-linked glycosylation process in this genetically tractable host. 25129029 6 8 dep utility 1089:1095 arg1 shedding 1114:1121 shedding 1114:1121 shedding light on poorly understood aspects of N-linked glycosylation 1114:1182 These results underscore the utility of glycoSNAP for shedding light on poorly understood aspects of N-linked glycosylation and for engineering designer N-linked glycosylation biocatalysts. 25129029 6 8 dep utility 1089:1095 arg1 engineering 1192:1202 engineering 1192:1202 engineering designer N-linked glycosylation biocatalysts 1192:1247 These results underscore the utility of glycoSNAP for shedding light on poorly understood aspects of N-linked glycosylation and for engineering designer N-linked glycosylation biocatalysts. 25129029 4 9 gly glycosylation 744:756 arg1 glycoSNAP 798:806 glycoSNAP 798:806 glycoSNAP 798:806 This involved creation of a genetic assay, glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP), that facilitates high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli. 25129029 4 9 gly glycosylation 744:756 arg1 proteins 788:795 secreted N-linked acceptor proteins 761:795 secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP) 761:807 This involved creation of a genetic assay, glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP), that facilitates high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli. 25129029 4 10 theme glycophenotypes 856:870 arg1 screening 843:851 high-throughput screening 827:851 high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli 827:881 This involved creation of a genetic assay, glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP), that facilitates high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli. 25129029 4 11 theme high-throughput 827:841 arg1 screening 843:851 high-throughput screening 827:851 high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli 827:881 This involved creation of a genetic assay, glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP), that facilitates high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli. 25129029 1 12 theme glycosylation 119:131 arg1 machinery 153:161 machinery 153:161 machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 153:208 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation. 25129029 1 12 theme glycosylation 119:131 arg1 locus 133:137 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus 86:137 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) 86:143 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation. 25129029 1 12 theme glycosylation 119:131 arg1 pgl 140:142 pgl 140:142 pgl 140:142 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation. 25129029 1 12 theme glycosylation 119:131 arg1 archetype 228:236 the archetype 224:236 the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation 224:273 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation. 25129029 4 13 from glycophenotypes 856:870 arg1 coli 878:881 E. coli 875:881 E. coli 875:881 This involved creation of a genetic assay, glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP), that facilitates high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli. 25129029 1 14 theme Campylobacter 90:102 arg1 jejuni 104:109 Campylobacter jejuni 90:109 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) 86:143 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation. 25129029 6 15 theme glycosylation 1222:1234 arg1 biocatalysts 1236:1247 designer N-linked glycosylation biocatalysts 1204:1247 designer N-linked glycosylation biocatalysts 1204:1247 These results underscore the utility of glycoSNAP for shedding light on poorly understood aspects of N-linked glycosylation and for engineering designer N-linked glycosylation biocatalysts. 25129029 5 16 theme acceptor 994:1001 arg1 sequences 1003:1011 noncanonical acceptor sequences 981:1011 noncanonical acceptor sequences 981:1011 Using this assay, we isolated several C. jejuni PglB variants that could glycosylate an array of noncanonical acceptor sequences, including one in a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein. 25129029 5 16 theme acceptor 994:1001 arg1 one 1024:1026 one 1024:1026 one in a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein 1024:1057 Using this assay, we isolated several C. jejuni PglB variants that could glycosylate an array of noncanonical acceptor sequences, including one in a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein. 25129029 6 17 theme understood 1139:1148 arg1 aspects 1150:1156 poorly understood aspects 1132:1156 poorly understood aspects of N-linked glycosylation 1132:1182 These results underscore the utility of glycoSNAP for shedding light on poorly understood aspects of N-linked glycosylation and for engineering designer N-linked glycosylation biocatalysts. 25129029 1 18 theme jejuni 104:109 arg1 machinery 153:161 machinery 153:161 machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 153:208 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation. 25129029 1 18 theme jejuni 104:109 arg1 locus 133:137 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus 86:137 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) 86:143 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation. 25129029 1 18 theme jejuni 104:109 arg1 pgl 140:142 pgl 140:142 pgl 140:142 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation. 25129029 1 18 theme jejuni 104:109 arg1 archetype 228:236 the archetype 224:236 the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation 224:273 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation. 25129029 6 19 theme N-linked 1161:1168 arg1 glycosylation 1170:1182 N-linked glycosylation 1161:1182 N-linked glycosylation 1161:1182 These results underscore the utility of glycoSNAP for shedding light on poorly understood aspects of N-linked glycosylation and for engineering designer N-linked glycosylation biocatalysts. 25129029 5 20 theme noncanonical 981:992 arg1 sequences 1003:1011 noncanonical acceptor sequences 981:1011 noncanonical acceptor sequences 981:1011 Using this assay, we isolated several C. jejuni PglB variants that could glycosylate an array of noncanonical acceptor sequences, including one in a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein. 25129029 5 20 theme noncanonical 981:992 arg1 one 1024:1026 one 1024:1026 one in a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein 1024:1057 Using this assay, we isolated several C. jejuni PglB variants that could glycosylate an array of noncanonical acceptor sequences, including one in a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein. 25129029 4 21 from screening 843:851 arg1 coli 878:881 E. coli 875:881 E. coli 875:881 This involved creation of a genetic assay, glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP), that facilitates high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli. 25129029 1 22 theme protein 111:117 arg1 machinery 153:161 machinery 153:161 machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 153:208 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation. 25129029 1 22 theme protein 111:117 arg1 locus 133:137 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus 86:137 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) 86:143 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation. 25129029 1 22 theme protein 111:117 arg1 pgl 140:142 pgl 140:142 pgl 140:142 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation. 25129029 1 22 theme protein 111:117 arg1 archetype 228:236 the archetype 224:236 the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation 224:273 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation. 25129029 4 23 theme assay 737:741 arg1 creation 715:722 creation 715:722 creation of a genetic assay, glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP), that facilitates high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli 715:881 This involved creation of a genetic assay, glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP), that facilitates high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli. 25129029 2 24 theme mechanistic 368:378 arg1 dissection 380:389 convenient mechanistic dissection 357:389 convenient mechanistic dissection of the N-linked glycosylation process 357:427 This machinery has been functionally transferred into Escherichia coli, enabling convenient mechanistic dissection of the N-linked glycosylation process in this genetically tractable host. 25129029 2 25 theme tractable 449:457 arg1 host 459:462 this genetically tractable host 432:462 this genetically tractable host 432:462 This machinery has been functionally transferred into Escherichia coli, enabling convenient mechanistic dissection of the N-linked glycosylation process in this genetically tractable host. 25129029 1 26 link N-linked 252:259 arg1 glycosylation 261:273 bacterial N-linked glycosylation 242:273 bacterial N-linked glycosylation 242:273 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation. 25129029 2 27 theme convenient 357:366 arg1 dissection 380:389 convenient mechanistic dissection 357:389 convenient mechanistic dissection of the N-linked glycosylation process 357:427 This machinery has been functionally transferred into Escherichia coli, enabling convenient mechanistic dissection of the N-linked glycosylation process in this genetically tractable host. 25129029 3 28 theme sequence 492:499 arg1 determinants 501:512 sequence determinants 492:512 sequence determinants 492:512 Here we sought to identify sequence determinants in the oligosaccharyltransferase PglB that restrict its specificity to only those glycan acceptor sites containing a negatively charged residue at the -2 position relative to asparagine. 25129029 1 29 link N-linked 186:193 arg1 glycosylation 196:208 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 167:208 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 167:208 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation. 25129029 3 30 theme charged 642:648 arg1 residue 650:656 a negatively charged residue 629:656 a negatively charged residue at the -2 position relative to asparagine 629:698 Here we sought to identify sequence determinants in the oligosaccharyltransferase PglB that restrict its specificity to only those glycan acceptor sites containing a negatively charged residue at the -2 position relative to asparagine. 25129029 3 31 from position 668:675 arg1 residue 650:656 a negatively charged residue 629:656 a negatively charged residue at the -2 position relative to asparagine 629:698 Here we sought to identify sequence determinants in the oligosaccharyltransferase PglB that restrict its specificity to only those glycan acceptor sites containing a negatively charged residue at the -2 position relative to asparagine. 25129029 5 32 theme several 914:920 arg1 variants 937:944 several C. jejuni PglB variants 914:944 several C. jejuni PglB variants that could glycosylate an array of noncanonical acceptor sequences, including one in a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein 914:1057 Using this assay, we isolated several C. jejuni PglB variants that could glycosylate an array of noncanonical acceptor sequences, including one in a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein. 25129029 4 33 theme acceptor 779:786 arg1 glycoSNAP 798:806 glycoSNAP 798:806 glycoSNAP 798:806 This involved creation of a genetic assay, glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP), that facilitates high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli. 25129029 4 33 theme acceptor 779:786 arg1 proteins 788:795 secreted N-linked acceptor proteins 761:795 secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP) 761:807 This involved creation of a genetic assay, glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP), that facilitates high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli. 25129029 3 34 theme glycan 596:601 arg1 sites 612:616 only those glycan acceptor sites 585:616 only those glycan acceptor sites containing a negatively charged residue at the -2 position relative to asparagine 585:698 Here we sought to identify sequence determinants in the oligosaccharyltransferase PglB that restrict its specificity to only those glycan acceptor sites containing a negatively charged residue at the -2 position relative to asparagine. 25129029 0 35 theme acceptor-site 59:71 arg1 specificity 73:83 greatly relaxed acceptor-site specificity 43:83 greatly relaxed acceptor-site specificity 43:83 Engineered oligosaccharyltransferases with greatly relaxed acceptor-site specificity. 25129029 5 36 theme sequences 1003:1011 arg1 array 972:976 an array 969:976 an array of noncanonical acceptor sequences, including one in a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein 969:1057 Using this assay, we isolated several C. jejuni PglB variants that could glycosylate an array of noncanonical acceptor sequences, including one in a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein. 25129029 1 37 link asparagine-linked 167:183 arg1 glycosylation 196:208 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 167:208 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 167:208 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation. 25129029 3 38 theme relative 677:684 arg1 position 668:675 the -2 position 661:675 the -2 position relative to asparagine 661:698 Here we sought to identify sequence determinants in the oligosaccharyltransferase PglB that restrict its specificity to only those glycan acceptor sites containing a negatively charged residue at the -2 position relative to asparagine. 25129029 4 39 theme genetic 729:735 arg1 glycosylation 744:756 glycosylation 744:756 glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP) 744:807 This involved creation of a genetic assay, glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP), that facilitates high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli. 25129029 4 39 theme genetic 729:735 arg1 assay 737:741 a genetic assay 727:741 a genetic assay 727:741 This involved creation of a genetic assay, glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP), that facilitates high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli. 25129029 0 40 theme relaxed 51:57 arg1 specificity 73:83 greatly relaxed acceptor-site specificity 43:83 greatly relaxed acceptor-site specificity 43:83 Engineered oligosaccharyltransferases with greatly relaxed acceptor-site specificity. 25129029 3 41 contain containing 618:627 arg1 sites 612:616 only those glycan acceptor sites 585:616 only those glycan acceptor sites containing a negatively charged residue at the -2 position relative to asparagine 585:698 Here we sought to identify sequence determinants in the oligosaccharyltransferase PglB that restrict its specificity to only those glycan acceptor sites containing a negatively charged residue at the -2 position relative to asparagine. 25129029 3 41 contain containing 618:627 arg2 residue 650:656 a negatively charged residue 629:656 a negatively charged residue at the -2 position relative to asparagine 629:698 Here we sought to identify sequence determinants in the oligosaccharyltransferase PglB that restrict its specificity to only those glycan acceptor sites containing a negatively charged residue at the -2 position relative to asparagine. 25129029 5 42 theme PglB 932:935 arg1 variants 937:944 several C. jejuni PglB variants 914:944 several C. jejuni PglB variants that could glycosylate an array of noncanonical acceptor sequences, including one in a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein 914:1057 Using this assay, we isolated several C. jejuni PglB variants that could glycosylate an array of noncanonical acceptor sequences, including one in a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein. 25129029 1 43 theme bacterial 242:250 arg1 glycosylation 261:273 bacterial N-linked glycosylation 242:273 bacterial N-linked glycosylation 242:273 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation. 25129029 6 44 theme N-linked 1213:1220 arg1 biocatalysts 1236:1247 designer N-linked glycosylation biocatalysts 1204:1247 designer N-linked glycosylation biocatalysts 1204:1247 These results underscore the utility of glycoSNAP for shedding light on poorly understood aspects of N-linked glycosylation and for engineering designer N-linked glycosylation biocatalysts. 25129029 2 45 theme N-linked 398:405 arg1 process 421:427 the N-linked glycosylation process 394:427 the N-linked glycosylation process 394:427 This machinery has been functionally transferred into Escherichia coli, enabling convenient mechanistic dissection of the N-linked glycosylation process in this genetically tractable host. 25129029 0 46 with oligosaccharyltransferases 11:36 arg1 specificity 73:83 greatly relaxed acceptor-site specificity 43:83 greatly relaxed acceptor-site specificity 43:83 Engineered oligosaccharyltransferases with greatly relaxed acceptor-site specificity. 25129029 5 47 gly glycosylate 957:967 arg1 array 972:976 an array 969:976 an array of noncanonical acceptor sequences, including one in a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein 969:1057 Using this assay, we isolated several C. jejuni PglB variants that could glycosylate an array of noncanonical acceptor sequences, including one in a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein. 25129029 4 48 link N-linked 770:777 arg1 glycoSNAP 798:806 glycoSNAP 798:806 glycoSNAP 798:806 This involved creation of a genetic assay, glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP), that facilitates high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli. 25129029 4 48 link N-linked 770:777 arg1 proteins 788:795 secreted N-linked acceptor proteins 761:795 secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP) 761:807 This involved creation of a genetic assay, glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP), that facilitates high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli. 25129029 1 49 theme N-linked 252:259 arg1 glycosylation 261:273 bacterial N-linked glycosylation 242:273 bacterial N-linked glycosylation 242:273 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation. 25129029 6 50 link N-linked 1213:1220 arg1 biocatalysts 1236:1247 designer N-linked glycosylation biocatalysts 1204:1247 designer N-linked glycosylation biocatalysts 1204:1247 These results underscore the utility of glycoSNAP for shedding light on poorly understood aspects of N-linked glycosylation and for engineering designer N-linked glycosylation biocatalysts. 25129029 4 51 theme secreted 761:768 arg1 glycoSNAP 798:806 glycoSNAP 798:806 glycoSNAP 798:806 This involved creation of a genetic assay, glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP), that facilitates high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli. 25129029 4 51 theme secreted 761:768 arg1 proteins 788:795 secreted N-linked acceptor proteins 761:795 secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP) 761:807 This involved creation of a genetic assay, glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins (glycoSNAP), that facilitates high-throughput screening of glycophenotypes in E. coli. 25129029 5 52 from one 1024:1026 arg1 N-glycoprotein 1044:1057 a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein 1031:1057 a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein 1031:1057 Using this assay, we isolated several C. jejuni PglB variants that could glycosylate an array of noncanonical acceptor sequences, including one in a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein. 25129029 3 53 theme oligosaccharyltransferase 521:545 arg1 PglB 547:550 the oligosaccharyltransferase PglB 517:550 the oligosaccharyltransferase PglB that restrict its specificity to only those glycan acceptor sites containing a negatively charged residue at the -2 position relative to asparagine 517:698 Here we sought to identify sequence determinants in the oligosaccharyltransferase PglB that restrict its specificity to only those glycan acceptor sites containing a negatively charged residue at the -2 position relative to asparagine. 25129029 1 54 theme asparagine-linked 167:183 arg1 glycosylation 196:208 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 167:208 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 167:208 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes machinery for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the archetype for bacterial N-linked glycosylation. 25129029 6 55 theme glycosylation 1170:1182 arg1 aspects 1150:1156 poorly understood aspects 1132:1156 poorly understood aspects of N-linked glycosylation 1132:1182 These results underscore the utility of glycoSNAP for shedding light on poorly understood aspects of N-linked glycosylation and for engineering designer N-linked glycosylation biocatalysts. 25129029 5 56 gly N-glycoprotein 1044:1057 arg1 N-glycoprotein 1044:1057 a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein 1031:1057 a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein 1031:1057 Using this assay, we isolated several C. jejuni PglB variants that could glycosylate an array of noncanonical acceptor sequences, including one in a eukaryotic N-glycoprotein. 25129029 6 57 link N-linked 1161:1168 arg1 glycosylation 1170:1182 N-linked glycosylation 1161:1182 N-linked glycosylation 1161:1182 These results underscore the utility of glycoSNAP for shedding light on poorly understood aspects of N-linked glycosylation and for engineering designer N-linked glycosylation biocatalysts. 25129029 3 58 theme acceptor 603:610 arg1 sites 612:616 only those glycan acceptor sites 585:616 only those glycan acceptor sites containing a negatively charged residue at the -2 position relative to asparagine 585:698 Here we sought to identify sequence determinants in the oligosaccharyltransferase PglB that restrict its specificity to only those glycan acceptor sites containing a negatively charged residue at the -2 position relative to asparagine. 25129029 2 59 theme process 421:427 arg1 dissection 380:389 convenient mechanistic dissection 357:389 convenient mechanistic dissection of the N-linked glycosylation process 357:427 This machinery has been functionally transferred into Escherichia coli, enabling convenient mechanistic dissection of the N-linked glycosylation process in this genetically tractable host. 25129029 6 60 theme glycoSNAP 1100:1108 arg1 utility 1089:1095 the utility 1085:1095 the utility of glycoSNAP for shedding light on poorly understood aspects of N-linked glycosylation and for engineering designer N-linked glycosylation biocatalysts 1085:1247 These results underscore the utility of glycoSNAP for shedding light on poorly understood aspects of N-linked glycosylation and for engineering designer N-linked glycosylation biocatalysts. 28324664 7 0 theme features 1573:1580 arg1 inheritance 1533:1543 inheritance 1533:1543 inheritance of strain-specific biologic features 1533:1580 As a constitutive part of PrPSc, the individual strain-specific patterns of carbohydrate epitopes propagate faithfully within a given host as long as individual strain-specific PrPSc structures are maintained, ensuring inheritance of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 4 1 theme strain-specific 835:849 arg1 epitopes 875:882 strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes 835:882 strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface 835:903 In addition, this manuscript introduces a new concept on the important role of strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface as main determinants of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 7 2 theme strain-specific 1548:1562 arg1 features 1573:1580 strain-specific biologic features 1548:1580 strain-specific biologic features 1548:1580 As a constitutive part of PrPSc, the individual strain-specific patterns of carbohydrate epitopes propagate faithfully within a given host as long as individual strain-specific PrPSc structures are maintained, ensuring inheritance of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 4 3 theme carbohydrate 862:873 arg1 epitopes 875:882 strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes 835:882 strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface 835:903 In addition, this manuscript introduces a new concept on the important role of strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface as main determinants of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 6 4 theme epitopes 1218:1225 arg1 patterns 1182:1189 Strain-specific patterns 1166:1189 Strain-specific patterns of functional carbohydrate epitopes formed by N-linked glycans on PrPSc surfaces 1166:1270 Strain-specific patterns of functional carbohydrate epitopes formed by N-linked glycans on PrPSc surfaces define strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 6 5 theme functional 1194:1203 arg1 epitopes 1218:1225 functional carbohydrate epitopes 1194:1225 functional carbohydrate epitopes formed by N-linked glycans on PrPSc surfaces 1194:1270 Strain-specific patterns of functional carbohydrate epitopes formed by N-linked glycans on PrPSc surfaces define strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 3 6 theme glycans 679:685 arg1 role 662:665 the role 658:665 the role of N-linked glycans and specifically their sialylation status in controlling prion fate 658:753 The current extra-view article discusses recent advancements on the role of N-linked glycans and specifically their sialylation status in controlling prion fate. 28324664 1 7 theme molecular 144:152 arg1 nature 154:159 the molecular nature 140:159 the molecular nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or scrapie agents discussed in 1960s 140:239 Among a broad range of hypotheses on the molecular nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or scrapie agents discussed in 1960s was a hypothesis of self-replicating polysaccharides. 28324664 6 8 theme strain-specific 1279:1293 arg1 features 1304:1311 strain-specific biologic features 1279:1311 strain-specific biologic features 1279:1311 Strain-specific patterns of functional carbohydrate epitopes formed by N-linked glycans on PrPSc surfaces define strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 3 9 theme sialylation 710:720 arg1 status 722:727 specifically their sialylation status 691:727 specifically their sialylation status 691:727 The current extra-view article discusses recent advancements on the role of N-linked glycans and specifically their sialylation status in controlling prion fate. 28324664 5 10 theme sialoglycoforms 1069:1083 arg1 selection 1051:1059 selection 1051:1059 selection of PrPC sialoglycoforms expressed by a host that can be accommodated within particular PrPSc structures 1051:1163 According to this concept, individual strain-specific folding patterns of PrPSc govern selection of PrPC sialoglycoforms expressed by a host that can be accommodated within particular PrPSc structures. 28324664 1 11 theme spongiform 178:187 arg1 encephalopathy 189:202 transmissible spongiform encephalopathy 164:202 transmissible spongiform encephalopathy 164:202 Among a broad range of hypotheses on the molecular nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or scrapie agents discussed in 1960s was a hypothesis of self-replicating polysaccharides. 28324664 2 12 theme mammalian 511:519 arg1 prions 521:526 mammalian prions 511:526 mammalian prions 511:526 While the studies of the past 40 years provided unambiguous proof that this is not the case, emerging evidence suggests that carbohydrates in the form of sialylated N-linked glycans, which are a constitutive part of mammalian prions or PrPSc, are essential in determining prion fate in an organism. 28324664 7 13 theme given 1442:1446 arg1 host 1448:1451 a given host 1440:1451 a given host 1440:1451 As a constitutive part of PrPSc, the individual strain-specific patterns of carbohydrate epitopes propagate faithfully within a given host as long as individual strain-specific PrPSc structures are maintained, ensuring inheritance of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 3 14 link N-linked 670:677 arg1 glycans 679:685 N-linked glycans 670:685 N-linked glycans 670:685 The current extra-view article discusses recent advancements on the role of N-linked glycans and specifically their sialylation status in controlling prion fate. 28324664 4 15 from concept 802:808 arg1 role 827:830 the important role 813:830 the important role of strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface as main determinants of strain-specific biologic features 813:961 In addition, this manuscript introduces a new concept on the important role of strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface as main determinants of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 6 16 theme PrPSc 1257:1261 arg1 surfaces 1263:1270 PrPSc surfaces 1257:1270 PrPSc surfaces 1257:1270 Strain-specific patterns of functional carbohydrate epitopes formed by N-linked glycans on PrPSc surfaces define strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 2 17 link N-linked 460:467 arg1 glycans 469:475 sialylated N-linked glycans 449:475 sialylated N-linked glycans 449:475 While the studies of the past 40 years provided unambiguous proof that this is not the case, emerging evidence suggests that carbohydrates in the form of sialylated N-linked glycans, which are a constitutive part of mammalian prions or PrPSc, are essential in determining prion fate in an organism. 28324664 3 18 theme prion 744:748 arg1 fate 750:753 prion fate 744:753 prion fate 744:753 The current extra-view article discusses recent advancements on the role of N-linked glycans and specifically their sialylation status in controlling prion fate. 28324664 4 19 theme PrPSc 891:895 arg1 surface 897:903 the PrPSc surface 887:903 the PrPSc surface 887:903 In addition, this manuscript introduces a new concept on the important role of strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface as main determinants of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 1 20 from nature 154:159 arg1 range 117:121 a broad range 109:121 a broad range of hypotheses on the molecular nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or scrapie agents discussed in 1960s 109:239 Among a broad range of hypotheses on the molecular nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or scrapie agents discussed in 1960s was a hypothesis of self-replicating polysaccharides. 28324664 1 21 theme broad 111:115 arg1 range 117:121 a broad range 109:121 a broad range of hypotheses on the molecular nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or scrapie agents discussed in 1960s 109:239 Among a broad range of hypotheses on the molecular nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or scrapie agents discussed in 1960s was a hypothesis of self-replicating polysaccharides. 28324664 7 22 theme carbohydrate 1390:1401 arg1 epitopes 1403:1410 carbohydrate epitopes 1390:1410 carbohydrate epitopes 1390:1410 As a constitutive part of PrPSc, the individual strain-specific patterns of carbohydrate epitopes propagate faithfully within a given host as long as individual strain-specific PrPSc structures are maintained, ensuring inheritance of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 0 23 theme glycans 62:68 arg1 diversity 40:48 the functional diversity 25:48 the functional diversity of N-linked glycans 25:68 Limited understanding of the functional diversity of N-linked glycans as a major gap of prion biology. 28324664 2 24 theme glycans 469:475 arg1 form 441:444 the form 437:444 the form of sialylated N-linked glycans 437:475 While the studies of the past 40 years provided unambiguous proof that this is not the case, emerging evidence suggests that carbohydrates in the form of sialylated N-linked glycans, which are a constitutive part of mammalian prions or PrPSc, are essential in determining prion fate in an organism. 28324664 5 25 theme particular 1137:1146 arg1 structures 1154:1163 particular PrPSc structures 1137:1163 particular PrPSc structures 1137:1163 According to this concept, individual strain-specific folding patterns of PrPSc govern selection of PrPC sialoglycoforms expressed by a host that can be accommodated within particular PrPSc structures. 28324664 1 26 from hypotheses 126:135 arg1 nature 154:159 the molecular nature 140:159 the molecular nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or scrapie agents discussed in 1960s 140:239 Among a broad range of hypotheses on the molecular nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or scrapie agents discussed in 1960s was a hypothesis of self-replicating polysaccharides. 28324664 4 27 theme strain-specific 929:943 arg1 features 954:961 strain-specific biologic features 929:961 strain-specific biologic features 929:961 In addition, this manuscript introduces a new concept on the important role of strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface as main determinants of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 2 28 from carbohydrates 420:432 arg1 form 441:444 the form 437:444 the form of sialylated N-linked glycans 437:475 While the studies of the past 40 years provided unambiguous proof that this is not the case, emerging evidence suggests that carbohydrates in the form of sialylated N-linked glycans, which are a constitutive part of mammalian prions or PrPSc, are essential in determining prion fate in an organism. 28324664 4 29 from role 827:830 arg1 surface 897:903 the PrPSc surface 887:903 the PrPSc surface 887:903 In addition, this manuscript introduces a new concept on the important role of strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface as main determinants of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 1 30 from range 117:121 arg1 nature 154:159 the molecular nature 140:159 the molecular nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or scrapie agents discussed in 1960s 140:239 Among a broad range of hypotheses on the molecular nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or scrapie agents discussed in 1960s was a hypothesis of self-replicating polysaccharides. 28324664 4 31 theme features 954:961 arg1 determinants 913:924 main determinants 908:924 main determinants of strain-specific biologic features 908:961 In addition, this manuscript introduces a new concept on the important role of strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface as main determinants of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 0 32 theme prion 88:92 arg1 biology 94:100 prion biology 88:100 prion biology 88:100 Limited understanding of the functional diversity of N-linked glycans as a major gap of prion biology. 28324664 5 33 theme PrPC 1064:1067 arg1 sialoglycoforms 1069:1083 PrPC sialoglycoforms 1064:1083 PrPC sialoglycoforms expressed by a host that can be accommodated within particular PrPSc structures 1064:1163 According to this concept, individual strain-specific folding patterns of PrPSc govern selection of PrPC sialoglycoforms expressed by a host that can be accommodated within particular PrPSc structures. 28324664 7 34 theme strain-specific 1362:1376 arg1 patterns 1378:1385 the individual strain-specific patterns 1347:1385 the individual strain-specific patterns of carbohydrate epitopes 1347:1410 As a constitutive part of PrPSc, the individual strain-specific patterns of carbohydrate epitopes propagate faithfully within a given host as long as individual strain-specific PrPSc structures are maintained, ensuring inheritance of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 1 35 theme polysaccharides 278:292 arg1 hypothesis 247:256 a hypothesis 245:256 a hypothesis of self-replicating polysaccharides 245:292 Among a broad range of hypotheses on the molecular nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or scrapie agents discussed in 1960s was a hypothesis of self-replicating polysaccharides. 28324664 7 36 theme strain-specific 1475:1489 arg1 structures 1497:1506 individual strain-specific PrPSc structures 1464:1506 individual strain-specific PrPSc structures 1464:1506 As a constitutive part of PrPSc, the individual strain-specific patterns of carbohydrate epitopes propagate faithfully within a given host as long as individual strain-specific PrPSc structures are maintained, ensuring inheritance of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 2 37 theme sialylated 449:458 arg1 glycans 469:475 sialylated N-linked glycans 449:475 sialylated N-linked glycans 449:475 While the studies of the past 40 years provided unambiguous proof that this is not the case, emerging evidence suggests that carbohydrates in the form of sialylated N-linked glycans, which are a constitutive part of mammalian prions or PrPSc, are essential in determining prion fate in an organism. 28324664 0 38 theme functional 29:38 arg1 diversity 40:48 the functional diversity 25:48 the functional diversity of N-linked glycans 25:68 Limited understanding of the functional diversity of N-linked glycans as a major gap of prion biology. 28324664 2 39 gly sialylated 449:458 arg1 glycans 469:475 sialylated N-linked glycans 449:475 sialylated N-linked glycans 449:475 While the studies of the past 40 years provided unambiguous proof that this is not the case, emerging evidence suggests that carbohydrates in the form of sialylated N-linked glycans, which are a constitutive part of mammalian prions or PrPSc, are essential in determining prion fate in an organism. 28324664 7 40 theme PrPSc 1340:1344 arg1 part 1332:1335 a constitutive part 1317:1335 a constitutive part of PrPSc 1317:1344 As a constitutive part of PrPSc, the individual strain-specific patterns of carbohydrate epitopes propagate faithfully within a given host as long as individual strain-specific PrPSc structures are maintained, ensuring inheritance of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 3 41 theme current 598:604 arg1 article 617:623 The current extra-view article 594:623 The current extra-view article 594:623 The current extra-view article discusses recent advancements on the role of N-linked glycans and specifically their sialylation status in controlling prion fate. 28324664 2 42 theme years 328:332 arg1 studies 305:311 the studies 301:311 the studies of the past 40 years 301:332 While the studies of the past 40 years provided unambiguous proof that this is not the case, emerging evidence suggests that carbohydrates in the form of sialylated N-linked glycans, which are a constitutive part of mammalian prions or PrPSc, are essential in determining prion fate in an organism. 28324664 5 43 theme PrPSc 1038:1042 arg1 patterns 1026:1033 individual strain-specific folding patterns 991:1033 individual strain-specific folding patterns of PrPSc 991:1042 According to this concept, individual strain-specific folding patterns of PrPSc govern selection of PrPC sialoglycoforms expressed by a host that can be accommodated within particular PrPSc structures. 28324664 2 44 theme past 320:323 arg1 years 328:332 the past 40 years 316:332 the past 40 years 316:332 While the studies of the past 40 years provided unambiguous proof that this is not the case, emerging evidence suggests that carbohydrates in the form of sialylated N-linked glycans, which are a constitutive part of mammalian prions or PrPSc, are essential in determining prion fate in an organism. 28324664 1 45 theme scrapie 207:213 arg1 agents 215:220 scrapie agents 207:220 scrapie agents discussed in 1960s 207:239 Among a broad range of hypotheses on the molecular nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or scrapie agents discussed in 1960s was a hypothesis of self-replicating polysaccharides. 28324664 3 46 theme recent 635:640 arg1 advancements 642:653 recent advancements 635:653 recent advancements on the role of N-linked glycans and specifically their sialylation status in controlling prion fate 635:753 The current extra-view article discusses recent advancements on the role of N-linked glycans and specifically their sialylation status in controlling prion fate. 28324664 7 47 theme biologic 1564:1571 arg1 features 1573:1580 strain-specific biologic features 1548:1580 strain-specific biologic features 1548:1580 As a constitutive part of PrPSc, the individual strain-specific patterns of carbohydrate epitopes propagate faithfully within a given host as long as individual strain-specific PrPSc structures are maintained, ensuring inheritance of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 5 48 theme strain-specific 1002:1016 arg1 patterns 1026:1033 individual strain-specific folding patterns 991:1033 individual strain-specific folding patterns of PrPSc 991:1042 According to this concept, individual strain-specific folding patterns of PrPSc govern selection of PrPC sialoglycoforms expressed by a host that can be accommodated within particular PrPSc structures. 28324664 3 49 from advancements 642:653 arg1 role 662:665 the role 658:665 the role of N-linked glycans and specifically their sialylation status in controlling prion fate 658:753 The current extra-view article discusses recent advancements on the role of N-linked glycans and specifically their sialylation status in controlling prion fate. 28324664 3 50 theme N-linked 670:677 arg1 glycans 679:685 N-linked glycans 670:685 N-linked glycans 670:685 The current extra-view article discusses recent advancements on the role of N-linked glycans and specifically their sialylation status in controlling prion fate. 28324664 2 51 theme unambiguous 343:353 arg1 proof 355:359 unambiguous proof that this is not the case 343:385 unambiguous proof that this is not the case 343:385 While the studies of the past 40 years provided unambiguous proof that this is not the case, emerging evidence suggests that carbohydrates in the form of sialylated N-linked glycans, which are a constitutive part of mammalian prions or PrPSc, are essential in determining prion fate in an organism. 28324664 2 52 theme prion 567:571 arg1 fate 573:576 prion fate 567:576 prion fate in an organism 567:591 While the studies of the past 40 years provided unambiguous proof that this is not the case, emerging evidence suggests that carbohydrates in the form of sialylated N-linked glycans, which are a constitutive part of mammalian prions or PrPSc, are essential in determining prion fate in an organism. 28324664 4 53 theme functional 851:860 arg1 epitopes 875:882 strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes 835:882 strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface 835:903 In addition, this manuscript introduces a new concept on the important role of strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface as main determinants of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 6 54 theme carbohydrate 1205:1216 arg1 epitopes 1218:1225 functional carbohydrate epitopes 1194:1225 functional carbohydrate epitopes formed by N-linked glycans on PrPSc surfaces 1194:1270 Strain-specific patterns of functional carbohydrate epitopes formed by N-linked glycans on PrPSc surfaces define strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 0 55 link N-linked 53:60 arg1 glycans 62:68 N-linked glycans 53:68 N-linked glycans 53:68 Limited understanding of the functional diversity of N-linked glycans as a major gap of prion biology. 28324664 7 56 theme PrPSc 1491:1495 arg1 structures 1497:1506 individual strain-specific PrPSc structures 1464:1506 individual strain-specific PrPSc structures 1464:1506 As a constitutive part of PrPSc, the individual strain-specific patterns of carbohydrate epitopes propagate faithfully within a given host as long as individual strain-specific PrPSc structures are maintained, ensuring inheritance of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 6 57 theme biologic 1295:1302 arg1 features 1304:1311 strain-specific biologic features 1279:1311 strain-specific biologic features 1279:1311 Strain-specific patterns of functional carbohydrate epitopes formed by N-linked glycans on PrPSc surfaces define strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 4 58 theme important 817:825 arg1 role 827:830 the important role 813:830 the important role of strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface as main determinants of strain-specific biologic features 813:961 In addition, this manuscript introduces a new concept on the important role of strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface as main determinants of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 6 59 theme Strain-specific 1166:1180 arg1 patterns 1182:1189 Strain-specific patterns 1166:1189 Strain-specific patterns of functional carbohydrate epitopes formed by N-linked glycans on PrPSc surfaces 1166:1270 Strain-specific patterns of functional carbohydrate epitopes formed by N-linked glycans on PrPSc surfaces define strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 1 60 theme transmissible 164:176 arg1 encephalopathy 189:202 transmissible spongiform encephalopathy 164:202 transmissible spongiform encephalopathy 164:202 Among a broad range of hypotheses on the molecular nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or scrapie agents discussed in 1960s was a hypothesis of self-replicating polysaccharides. 28324664 7 61 theme individual 1464:1473 arg1 structures 1497:1506 individual strain-specific PrPSc structures 1464:1506 individual strain-specific PrPSc structures 1464:1506 As a constitutive part of PrPSc, the individual strain-specific patterns of carbohydrate epitopes propagate faithfully within a given host as long as individual strain-specific PrPSc structures are maintained, ensuring inheritance of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 2 62 theme prions 521:526 arg1 carbohydrates 420:432 carbohydrates 420:432 carbohydrates 420:432 While the studies of the past 40 years provided unambiguous proof that this is not the case, emerging evidence suggests that carbohydrates in the form of sialylated N-linked glycans, which are a constitutive part of mammalian prions or PrPSc, are essential in determining prion fate in an organism. 28324664 2 62 theme prions 521:526 arg1 PrPSc 531:535 PrPSc 531:535 PrPSc 531:535 While the studies of the past 40 years provided unambiguous proof that this is not the case, emerging evidence suggests that carbohydrates in the form of sialylated N-linked glycans, which are a constitutive part of mammalian prions or PrPSc, are essential in determining prion fate in an organism. 28324664 2 62 theme prions 521:526 arg1 part 503:506 a constitutive part 488:506 a constitutive part of mammalian prions 488:526 While the studies of the past 40 years provided unambiguous proof that this is not the case, emerging evidence suggests that carbohydrates in the form of sialylated N-linked glycans, which are a constitutive part of mammalian prions or PrPSc, are essential in determining prion fate in an organism. 28324664 3 63 theme status 722:727 arg1 role 662:665 the role 658:665 the role of N-linked glycans and specifically their sialylation status in controlling prion fate 658:753 The current extra-view article discusses recent advancements on the role of N-linked glycans and specifically their sialylation status in controlling prion fate. 28324664 1 64 theme encephalopathy 189:202 arg1 nature 154:159 the molecular nature 140:159 the molecular nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or scrapie agents discussed in 1960s 140:239 Among a broad range of hypotheses on the molecular nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or scrapie agents discussed in 1960s was a hypothesis of self-replicating polysaccharides. 28324664 4 65 theme main 908:911 arg1 determinants 913:924 main determinants 908:924 main determinants of strain-specific biologic features 908:961 In addition, this manuscript introduces a new concept on the important role of strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface as main determinants of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 4 66 from surface 897:903 arg1 role 827:830 the important role 813:830 the important role of strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface as main determinants of strain-specific biologic features 813:961 In addition, this manuscript introduces a new concept on the important role of strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface as main determinants of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 4 67 theme epitopes 875:882 arg1 role 827:830 the important role 813:830 the important role of strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface as main determinants of strain-specific biologic features 813:961 In addition, this manuscript introduces a new concept on the important role of strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface as main determinants of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 6 68 link N-linked 1237:1244 arg1 glycans 1246:1252 N-linked glycans 1237:1252 N-linked glycans 1237:1252 Strain-specific patterns of functional carbohydrate epitopes formed by N-linked glycans on PrPSc surfaces define strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 6 69 theme N-linked 1237:1244 arg1 glycans 1246:1252 N-linked glycans 1237:1252 N-linked glycans 1237:1252 Strain-specific patterns of functional carbohydrate epitopes formed by N-linked glycans on PrPSc surfaces define strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 4 70 from epitopes 875:882 arg1 surface 897:903 the PrPSc surface 887:903 the PrPSc surface 887:903 In addition, this manuscript introduces a new concept on the important role of strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface as main determinants of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 7 71 theme epitopes 1403:1410 arg1 patterns 1378:1385 the individual strain-specific patterns 1347:1385 the individual strain-specific patterns of carbohydrate epitopes 1347:1410 As a constitutive part of PrPSc, the individual strain-specific patterns of carbohydrate epitopes propagate faithfully within a given host as long as individual strain-specific PrPSc structures are maintained, ensuring inheritance of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 0 72 theme major 75:79 arg1 understanding 8:20 understanding 8:20 understanding of the functional diversity of N-linked glycans 8:68 Limited understanding of the functional diversity of N-linked glycans as a major gap of prion biology. 28324664 0 72 theme major 75:79 arg1 gap 81:83 a major gap 73:83 a major gap of prion biology 73:100 Limited understanding of the functional diversity of N-linked glycans as a major gap of prion biology. 28324664 1 73 theme hypotheses 126:135 arg1 range 117:121 a broad range 109:121 a broad range of hypotheses on the molecular nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or scrapie agents discussed in 1960s 109:239 Among a broad range of hypotheses on the molecular nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or scrapie agents discussed in 1960s was a hypothesis of self-replicating polysaccharides. 28324664 2 74 theme N-linked 460:467 arg1 glycans 469:475 sialylated N-linked glycans 449:475 sialylated N-linked glycans 449:475 While the studies of the past 40 years provided unambiguous proof that this is not the case, emerging evidence suggests that carbohydrates in the form of sialylated N-linked glycans, which are a constitutive part of mammalian prions or PrPSc, are essential in determining prion fate in an organism. 28324664 5 75 theme PrPSc 1148:1152 arg1 structures 1154:1163 particular PrPSc structures 1137:1163 particular PrPSc structures 1137:1163 According to this concept, individual strain-specific folding patterns of PrPSc govern selection of PrPC sialoglycoforms expressed by a host that can be accommodated within particular PrPSc structures. 28324664 2 76 theme constitutive 490:501 arg1 carbohydrates 420:432 carbohydrates 420:432 carbohydrates 420:432 While the studies of the past 40 years provided unambiguous proof that this is not the case, emerging evidence suggests that carbohydrates in the form of sialylated N-linked glycans, which are a constitutive part of mammalian prions or PrPSc, are essential in determining prion fate in an organism. 28324664 2 76 theme constitutive 490:501 arg1 part 503:506 a constitutive part 488:506 a constitutive part of mammalian prions 488:526 While the studies of the past 40 years provided unambiguous proof that this is not the case, emerging evidence suggests that carbohydrates in the form of sialylated N-linked glycans, which are a constitutive part of mammalian prions or PrPSc, are essential in determining prion fate in an organism. 28324664 0 77 theme biology 94:100 arg1 understanding 8:20 understanding 8:20 understanding of the functional diversity of N-linked glycans 8:68 Limited understanding of the functional diversity of N-linked glycans as a major gap of prion biology. 28324664 0 77 theme biology 94:100 arg1 gap 81:83 a major gap 73:83 a major gap of prion biology 73:100 Limited understanding of the functional diversity of N-linked glycans as a major gap of prion biology. 28324664 4 78 theme biologic 945:952 arg1 features 954:961 strain-specific biologic features 929:961 strain-specific biologic features 929:961 In addition, this manuscript introduces a new concept on the important role of strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface as main determinants of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 7 79 theme individual 1351:1360 arg1 patterns 1378:1385 the individual strain-specific patterns 1347:1385 the individual strain-specific patterns of carbohydrate epitopes 1347:1410 As a constitutive part of PrPSc, the individual strain-specific patterns of carbohydrate epitopes propagate faithfully within a given host as long as individual strain-specific PrPSc structures are maintained, ensuring inheritance of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 1 80 theme self-replicating 261:276 arg1 polysaccharides 278:292 self-replicating polysaccharides 261:292 self-replicating polysaccharides 261:292 Among a broad range of hypotheses on the molecular nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or scrapie agents discussed in 1960s was a hypothesis of self-replicating polysaccharides. 28324664 2 81 from fate 573:576 arg1 organism 584:591 an organism 581:591 an organism 581:591 While the studies of the past 40 years provided unambiguous proof that this is not the case, emerging evidence suggests that carbohydrates in the form of sialylated N-linked glycans, which are a constitutive part of mammalian prions or PrPSc, are essential in determining prion fate in an organism. 28324664 3 82 theme extra-view 606:615 arg1 article 617:623 The current extra-view article 594:623 The current extra-view article 594:623 The current extra-view article discusses recent advancements on the role of N-linked glycans and specifically their sialylation status in controlling prion fate. 28324664 2 83 theme emerging 388:395 arg1 evidence 397:404 emerging evidence 388:404 emerging evidence 388:404 While the studies of the past 40 years provided unambiguous proof that this is not the case, emerging evidence suggests that carbohydrates in the form of sialylated N-linked glycans, which are a constitutive part of mammalian prions or PrPSc, are essential in determining prion fate in an organism. 28324664 0 84 theme diversity 40:48 arg1 understanding 8:20 understanding 8:20 understanding of the functional diversity of N-linked glycans 8:68 Limited understanding of the functional diversity of N-linked glycans as a major gap of prion biology. 28324664 0 84 theme diversity 40:48 arg1 gap 81:83 a major gap 73:83 a major gap of prion biology 73:100 Limited understanding of the functional diversity of N-linked glycans as a major gap of prion biology. 28324664 5 85 theme folding 1018:1024 arg1 patterns 1026:1033 individual strain-specific folding patterns 991:1033 individual strain-specific folding patterns of PrPSc 991:1042 According to this concept, individual strain-specific folding patterns of PrPSc govern selection of PrPC sialoglycoforms expressed by a host that can be accommodated within particular PrPSc structures. 28324664 0 86 theme N-linked 53:60 arg1 glycans 62:68 N-linked glycans 53:68 N-linked glycans 53:68 Limited understanding of the functional diversity of N-linked glycans as a major gap of prion biology. 28324664 7 87 theme constitutive 1319:1330 arg1 part 1332:1335 a constitutive part 1317:1335 a constitutive part of PrPSc 1317:1344 As a constitutive part of PrPSc, the individual strain-specific patterns of carbohydrate epitopes propagate faithfully within a given host as long as individual strain-specific PrPSc structures are maintained, ensuring inheritance of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 4 88 theme new 798:800 arg1 concept 802:808 a new concept 796:808 a new concept on the important role of strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface as main determinants of strain-specific biologic features 796:961 In addition, this manuscript introduces a new concept on the important role of strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface as main determinants of strain-specific biologic features. 28324664 5 89 gly sialoglycoforms 1069:1083 arg1 PrPC 1064:1067 PrPC sialoglycoforms 1064:1083 PrPC sialoglycoforms expressed by a host that can be accommodated within particular PrPSc structures 1064:1163 According to this concept, individual strain-specific folding patterns of PrPSc govern selection of PrPC sialoglycoforms expressed by a host that can be accommodated within particular PrPSc structures. 28324664 1 90 theme agents 215:220 arg1 nature 154:159 the molecular nature 140:159 the molecular nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or scrapie agents discussed in 1960s 140:239 Among a broad range of hypotheses on the molecular nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or scrapie agents discussed in 1960s was a hypothesis of self-replicating polysaccharides. 28324664 5 91 theme individual 991:1000 arg1 patterns 1026:1033 individual strain-specific folding patterns 991:1033 individual strain-specific folding patterns of PrPSc 991:1042 According to this concept, individual strain-specific folding patterns of PrPSc govern selection of PrPC sialoglycoforms expressed by a host that can be accommodated within particular PrPSc structures. 25519002 9 0 theme favorable 1588:1596 arg1 phenotype 1598:1606 a less favorable phenotype 1581:1606 a less favorable phenotype as characterized by higher central adiposity, higher values of HOMA-IR, and beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men 1581:1736 CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a higher plasma LPS concentration is associated with a less favorable phenotype as characterized by higher central adiposity, higher values of HOMA-IR, and beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men. 25519002 7 1 theme cell 1202:1205 arg1 dysfunction 1207:1217 beta cell dysfunction 1197:1217 beta cell dysfunction 1197:1217 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 6 2 theme body 783:786 arg1 distribution 792:803 body fat distribution 783:803 body fat distribution 783:803 Anthropometry, body composition and body fat distribution, blood pressure, energy expenditure, physical activity level, dietary intake, and biochemical parameters were assessed. 25519002 6 3 theme activity 851:858 arg1 level 860:864 physical activity level 842:864 physical activity level 842:864 Anthropometry, body composition and body fat distribution, blood pressure, energy expenditure, physical activity level, dietary intake, and biochemical parameters were assessed. 25519002 1 4 theme bacteria 192:199 arg1 membrane 166:173 the outer membrane 156:173 the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria 156:199 PURPOSE Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria might be an inflammation trigger in adipose tissue. 25519002 9 5 theme central 1635:1641 arg1 adiposity 1643:1651 higher central adiposity 1628:1651 higher central adiposity 1628:1651 CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a higher plasma LPS concentration is associated with a less favorable phenotype as characterized by higher central adiposity, higher values of HOMA-IR, and beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men. 25519002 4 6 theme disorders 646:654 arg1 presence 624:631 the presence 620:631 the presence of metabolic disorders 620:654 In this study, we explored the association between plasma LPS concentrations and body fat distribution, as well as the biochemical parameters that may indicate the presence of metabolic disorders. 25519002 7 7 theme percentage 1056:1065 arg1 concentrations 1115:1128 sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations 989:1128 sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations 989:1128 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 7 7 theme percentage 1056:1065 arg1 HOMA-B 1220:1225 HOMA-B 1220:1225 HOMA-B 1220:1225 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 2 8 theme adipose 312:318 arg1 tissue 320:325 adipose tissue 312:325 adipose tissue 312:325 It has recently been proposed that there is a link between adipose tissue distribution and blood LPS. 25519002 9 9 from adiposity 1643:1651 arg1 men 1734:1736 overweight/obese men 1717:1736 overweight/obese men 1717:1736 CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a higher plasma LPS concentration is associated with a less favorable phenotype as characterized by higher central adiposity, higher values of HOMA-IR, and beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men. 25519002 7 10 theme android 1044:1050 arg1 percentage 1056:1065 android fat percentage 1044:1065 android fat percentage 1044:1065 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 1 11 theme inflammation 213:224 arg1 PURPOSE 118:124 PURPOSE Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 118:149 PURPOSE Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria 118:199 PURPOSE Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria might be an inflammation trigger in adipose tissue. 25519002 1 11 theme inflammation 213:224 arg1 trigger 226:232 an inflammation trigger 210:232 an inflammation trigger in adipose tissue 210:250 PURPOSE Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria might be an inflammation trigger in adipose tissue. 25519002 8 12 theme aminotransferase 1376:1391 arg1 concentrations 1445:1458 mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations 1351:1458 mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations 1351:1458 LPS correlated positively with the trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations, as well as HOMA-IR and HOMA-B. 25519002 5 13 theme body 698:701 arg1 index 708:712 body mass index 698:712 body mass index of 26-35 kg/m(2) 698:729 METHODS Sixty-seven young adult men with body mass index of 26-35 kg/m(2) were evaluated. 25519002 1 14 from trigger 226:232 arg1 tissue 245:250 adipose tissue 237:250 adipose tissue 237:250 PURPOSE Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria might be an inflammation trigger in adipose tissue. 25519002 9 15 theme HOMA-IR 1671:1677 arg1 values 1661:1666 higher values 1654:1666 higher values of HOMA-IR 1654:1677 CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a higher plasma LPS concentration is associated with a less favorable phenotype as characterized by higher central adiposity, higher values of HOMA-IR, and beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men. 25519002 9 15 theme HOMA-IR 1671:1677 arg1 impairment 1703:1712 beta cell function impairment 1684:1712 beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men 1684:1736 CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a higher plasma LPS concentration is associated with a less favorable phenotype as characterized by higher central adiposity, higher values of HOMA-IR, and beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men. 25519002 9 15 theme HOMA-IR 1671:1677 arg1 adiposity 1643:1651 higher central adiposity 1628:1651 higher central adiposity 1628:1651 CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a higher plasma LPS concentration is associated with a less favorable phenotype as characterized by higher central adiposity, higher values of HOMA-IR, and beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men. 25519002 8 16 theme alanine 1394:1400 arg1 aminotransferase 1402:1417 alanine aminotransferase 1394:1417 alanine aminotransferase 1394:1417 LPS correlated positively with the trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations, as well as HOMA-IR and HOMA-B. 25519002 5 17 theme Sixty-seven 665:675 arg1 men 689:691 Sixty-seven young adult men 665:691 METHODS Sixty-seven young adult men with body mass index of 26-35 kg/m(2) 657:729 METHODS Sixty-seven young adult men with body mass index of 26-35 kg/m(2) were evaluated. 25519002 7 18 theme fat 1024:1026 arg1 percentage 1028:1037 trunk fat percentage 1018:1037 trunk fat percentage 1018:1037 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 7 19 with Men 933:935 arg1 LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL 956:970 median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL 942:970 median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL 942:970 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 2 20 dep tissue 320:325 arg1 distribution 327:338 distribution 327:338 distribution 327:338 It has recently been proposed that there is a link between adipose tissue distribution and blood LPS. 25519002 2 20 dep tissue 320:325 arg1 LPS 350:352 LPS 350:352 LPS 350:352 It has recently been proposed that there is a link between adipose tissue distribution and blood LPS. 25519002 5 21 theme young 677:681 arg1 men 689:691 Sixty-seven young adult men 665:691 METHODS Sixty-seven young adult men with body mass index of 26-35 kg/m(2) 657:729 METHODS Sixty-seven young adult men with body mass index of 26-35 kg/m(2) were evaluated. 25519002 7 22 theme plasma 949:954 arg1 LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL 956:970 median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL 942:970 median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL 942:970 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 9 23 theme cell 1689:1692 arg1 impairment 1703:1712 beta cell function impairment 1684:1712 beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men 1684:1736 CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a higher plasma LPS concentration is associated with a less favorable phenotype as characterized by higher central adiposity, higher values of HOMA-IR, and beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men. 25519002 8 24 theme alkaline 1424:1431 arg1 phosphatase 1433:1443 alkaline phosphatase 1424:1443 alkaline phosphatase 1424:1443 LPS correlated positively with the trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations, as well as HOMA-IR and HOMA-B. 25519002 1 25 dep PURPOSE 118:124 arg1 LPS 146:148 LPS 146:148 LPS 146:148 PURPOSE Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria might be an inflammation trigger in adipose tissue. 25519002 1 25 dep PURPOSE 118:124 arg1 Lipopolysaccharide 126:143 Lipopolysaccharide 126:143 PURPOSE Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria 118:199 PURPOSE Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria might be an inflammation trigger in adipose tissue. 25519002 7 26 theme beta 1197:1200 arg1 dysfunction 1207:1217 beta cell dysfunction 1197:1217 beta cell dysfunction 1197:1217 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 7 27 theme model 1143:1147 arg1 HOMA-IR 1183:1189 HOMA-IR 1183:1189 HOMA-IR 1183:1189 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 7 27 theme model 1143:1147 arg1 assessment 1149:1158 homeostasis model assessment 1131:1158 homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) 1131:1190 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 1 28 theme outer 160:164 arg1 membrane 166:173 the outer membrane 156:173 the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria 156:199 PURPOSE Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria might be an inflammation trigger in adipose tissue. 25519002 1 29 from membrane 166:173 arg1 trigger 226:232 an inflammation trigger 210:232 an inflammation trigger in adipose tissue 210:250 PURPOSE Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria might be an inflammation trigger in adipose tissue. 25519002 1 29 from membrane 166:173 arg1 PURPOSE 118:124 PURPOSE Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 118:149 PURPOSE Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria 118:199 PURPOSE Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria might be an inflammation trigger in adipose tissue. 25519002 9 30 theme overweight/obese 1717:1732 arg1 men 1734:1736 overweight/obese men 1717:1736 overweight/obese men 1717:1736 CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a higher plasma LPS concentration is associated with a less favorable phenotype as characterized by higher central adiposity, higher values of HOMA-IR, and beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men. 25519002 8 31 theme trunk 1297:1301 arg1 percentage 1307:1316 the trunk fat percentage 1293:1316 the trunk fat percentage 1293:1316 LPS correlated positively with the trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations, as well as HOMA-IR and HOMA-B. 25519002 3 32 from number 368:373 arg1 topic 394:398 this topic 389:398 this topic 389:398 However, the number of studies on this topic is scarce, and further investigation in humans is required. 25519002 7 33 dep higher 982:987 arg1 concentrations 1115:1128 sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations 989:1128 sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations 989:1128 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 7 33 dep higher 982:987 arg1 HOMA-B 1220:1225 HOMA-B 1220:1225 HOMA-B 1220:1225 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 7 33 dep higher 982:987 arg1 HOMA-IR 1183:1189 HOMA-IR 1183:1189 HOMA-IR 1183:1189 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 7 33 dep higher 982:987 arg1 assessment 1149:1158 homeostasis model assessment 1131:1158 homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) 1131:1190 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 7 33 dep higher 982:987 arg1 dysfunction 1207:1217 beta cell dysfunction 1197:1217 beta cell dysfunction 1197:1217 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 3 34 theme further 415:421 arg1 investigation 423:435 further investigation 415:435 further investigation in humans 415:445 However, the number of studies on this topic is scarce, and further investigation in humans is required. 25519002 7 35 theme resistance 1171:1180 arg1 concentrations 1115:1128 sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations 989:1128 sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations 989:1128 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 7 35 theme resistance 1171:1180 arg1 HOMA-B 1220:1225 HOMA-B 1220:1225 HOMA-B 1220:1225 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 7 35 theme resistance 1171:1180 arg1 HOMA-IR 1183:1189 HOMA-IR 1183:1189 HOMA-IR 1183:1189 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 7 35 theme resistance 1171:1180 arg1 assessment 1149:1158 homeostasis model assessment 1131:1158 homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) 1131:1190 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 7 35 theme resistance 1171:1180 arg1 dysfunction 1207:1217 beta cell dysfunction 1197:1217 beta cell dysfunction 1197:1217 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 3 36 from studies 378:384 arg1 topic 394:398 this topic 389:398 this topic 389:398 However, the number of studies on this topic is scarce, and further investigation in humans is required. 25519002 3 37 theme studies 378:384 arg1 number 368:373 the number 364:373 the number of studies on this topic 364:398 However, the number of studies on this topic is scarce, and further investigation in humans is required. 25519002 3 37 theme studies 378:384 arg1 scarce 403:408 scarce 403:408 scarce 403:408 However, the number of studies on this topic is scarce, and further investigation in humans is required. 25519002 0 38 theme Higher 0:5 arg1 concentrations 33:46 Higher plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations 0:46 Higher plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations 0:46 Higher plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations are associated with less favorable phenotype in overweight/obese men. 25519002 8 39 theme fat 1331:1333 arg1 percentage 1335:1344 android fat percentage 1323:1344 android fat percentage 1323:1344 LPS correlated positively with the trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations, as well as HOMA-IR and HOMA-B. 25519002 0 40 theme lipopolysaccharide 14:31 arg1 concentrations 33:46 Higher plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations 0:46 Higher plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations 0:46 Higher plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations are associated with less favorable phenotype in overweight/obese men. 25519002 9 41 theme higher 1530:1535 arg1 concentration 1548:1560 a higher plasma LPS concentration 1528:1560 a higher plasma LPS concentration 1528:1560 CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a higher plasma LPS concentration is associated with a less favorable phenotype as characterized by higher central adiposity, higher values of HOMA-IR, and beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men. 25519002 4 42 theme body 541:544 arg1 fat 546:548 body fat 541:548 body fat distribution 541:561 In this study, we explored the association between plasma LPS concentrations and body fat distribution, as well as the biochemical parameters that may indicate the presence of metabolic disorders. 25519002 9 43 theme LPS 1544:1546 arg1 concentration 1548:1560 a higher plasma LPS concentration 1528:1560 a higher plasma LPS concentration 1528:1560 CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a higher plasma LPS concentration is associated with a less favorable phenotype as characterized by higher central adiposity, higher values of HOMA-IR, and beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men. 25519002 7 44 theme plasma 1250:1255 arg1 LPS 1257:1259 lower plasma LPS 1244:1259 lower plasma LPS 1244:1259 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 0 45 theme favorable 73:81 arg1 phenotype 83:91 less favorable phenotype 68:91 less favorable phenotype in overweight/obese men 68:115 Higher plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations are associated with less favorable phenotype in overweight/obese men. 25519002 8 46 theme mass 1351:1354 arg1 concentrations 1445:1458 mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations 1351:1458 mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations 1351:1458 LPS correlated positively with the trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations, as well as HOMA-IR and HOMA-B. 25519002 7 47 theme aminotransferase 1098:1113 arg1 concentrations 1115:1128 sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations 989:1128 sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations 989:1128 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 7 47 theme aminotransferase 1098:1113 arg1 HOMA-B 1220:1225 HOMA-B 1220:1225 HOMA-B 1220:1225 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 6 48 theme blood 806:810 arg1 pressure 812:819 blood pressure 806:819 blood pressure 806:819 Anthropometry, body composition and body fat distribution, blood pressure, energy expenditure, physical activity level, dietary intake, and biochemical parameters were assessed. 25519002 4 49 theme plasma 511:516 arg1 concentrations 522:535 plasma LPS concentrations 511:535 plasma LPS concentrations 511:535 In this study, we explored the association between plasma LPS concentrations and body fat distribution, as well as the biochemical parameters that may indicate the presence of metabolic disorders. 25519002 8 50 theme insulin 1357:1363 arg1 concentrations 1445:1458 mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations 1351:1458 mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations 1351:1458 LPS correlated positively with the trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations, as well as HOMA-IR and HOMA-B. 25519002 1 51 theme adipose 237:243 arg1 tissue 245:250 adipose tissue 237:250 adipose tissue 237:250 PURPOSE Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria might be an inflammation trigger in adipose tissue. 25519002 5 52 with men 689:691 arg1 index 708:712 body mass index 698:712 body mass index of 26-35 kg/m(2) 698:729 METHODS Sixty-seven young adult men with body mass index of 26-35 kg/m(2) were evaluated. 25519002 8 53 theme aspartate 1366:1374 arg1 aminotransferase 1376:1391 aspartate aminotransferase 1366:1391 aspartate aminotransferase 1366:1391 LPS correlated positively with the trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations, as well as HOMA-IR and HOMA-B. 25519002 4 54 theme biochemical 579:589 arg1 parameters 591:600 the biochemical parameters 575:600 the biochemical parameters that may indicate the presence of metabolic disorders 575:654 In this study, we explored the association between plasma LPS concentrations and body fat distribution, as well as the biochemical parameters that may indicate the presence of metabolic disorders. 25519002 7 55 theme insulin 1078:1084 arg1 concentrations 1115:1128 sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations 989:1128 sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations 989:1128 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 7 55 theme insulin 1078:1084 arg1 HOMA-B 1220:1225 HOMA-B 1220:1225 HOMA-B 1220:1225 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 3 56 from investigation 423:435 arg1 humans 440:445 humans 440:445 humans 440:445 However, the number of studies on this topic is scarce, and further investigation in humans is required. 25519002 6 57 theme dietary 867:873 arg1 intake 875:880 dietary intake 867:880 dietary intake 867:880 Anthropometry, body composition and body fat distribution, blood pressure, energy expenditure, physical activity level, dietary intake, and biochemical parameters were assessed. 25519002 7 58 theme mass 1072:1075 arg1 concentrations 1115:1128 sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations 989:1128 sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations 989:1128 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 7 58 theme mass 1072:1075 arg1 HOMA-B 1220:1225 HOMA-B 1220:1225 HOMA-B 1220:1225 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 6 59 theme body 762:765 arg1 composition 767:777 body composition 762:777 body composition 762:777 Anthropometry, body composition and body fat distribution, blood pressure, energy expenditure, physical activity level, dietary intake, and biochemical parameters were assessed. 25519002 1 60 theme gram-negative 178:190 arg1 bacteria 192:199 gram-negative bacteria 178:199 gram-negative bacteria 178:199 PURPOSE Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria might be an inflammation trigger in adipose tissue. 25519002 6 61 theme physical 842:849 arg1 level 860:864 physical activity level 842:864 physical activity level 842:864 Anthropometry, body composition and body fat distribution, blood pressure, energy expenditure, physical activity level, dietary intake, and biochemical parameters were assessed. 25519002 9 62 theme higher 1628:1633 arg1 adiposity 1643:1651 higher central adiposity 1628:1651 higher central adiposity 1628:1651 CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a higher plasma LPS concentration is associated with a less favorable phenotype as characterized by higher central adiposity, higher values of HOMA-IR, and beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men. 25519002 7 63 theme fat 1052:1054 arg1 percentage 1056:1065 android fat percentage 1044:1065 android fat percentage 1044:1065 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 9 64 from impairment 1703:1712 arg1 men 1734:1736 overweight/obese men 1717:1736 overweight/obese men 1717:1736 CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a higher plasma LPS concentration is associated with a less favorable phenotype as characterized by higher central adiposity, higher values of HOMA-IR, and beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men. 25519002 4 65 theme metabolic 636:644 arg1 disorders 646:654 metabolic disorders 636:654 metabolic disorders 636:654 In this study, we explored the association between plasma LPS concentrations and body fat distribution, as well as the biochemical parameters that may indicate the presence of metabolic disorders. 25519002 5 66 theme adult 683:687 arg1 men 689:691 Sixty-seven young adult men 665:691 METHODS Sixty-seven young adult men with body mass index of 26-35 kg/m(2) 657:729 METHODS Sixty-seven young adult men with body mass index of 26-35 kg/m(2) were evaluated. 25519002 9 67 theme higher 1654:1659 arg1 values 1661:1666 higher values 1654:1666 higher values of HOMA-IR 1654:1677 CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a higher plasma LPS concentration is associated with a less favorable phenotype as characterized by higher central adiposity, higher values of HOMA-IR, and beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men. 25519002 7 68 theme percentage 1028:1037 arg1 concentrations 1115:1128 sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations 989:1128 sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations 989:1128 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 7 68 theme percentage 1028:1037 arg1 HOMA-B 1220:1225 HOMA-B 1220:1225 HOMA-B 1220:1225 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 0 69 from phenotype 83:91 arg1 men 113:115 overweight/obese men 96:115 overweight/obese men 96:115 Higher plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations are associated with less favorable phenotype in overweight/obese men. 25519002 7 70 theme trunk 1018:1022 arg1 percentage 1028:1037 trunk fat percentage 1018:1037 trunk fat percentage 1018:1037 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 7 71 theme abdominal 998:1006 arg1 diameter 1008:1015 sagittal abdominal diameter 989:1015 sagittal abdominal diameter 989:1015 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 6 72 theme biochemical 887:897 arg1 parameters 899:908 biochemical parameters 887:908 biochemical parameters 887:908 Anthropometry, body composition and body fat distribution, blood pressure, energy expenditure, physical activity level, dietary intake, and biochemical parameters were assessed. 25519002 7 73 theme diameter 1008:1015 arg1 concentrations 1115:1128 sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations 989:1128 sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations 989:1128 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 7 73 theme diameter 1008:1015 arg1 HOMA-B 1220:1225 HOMA-B 1220:1225 HOMA-B 1220:1225 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 9 74 theme beta 1684:1687 arg1 impairment 1703:1712 beta cell function impairment 1684:1712 beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men 1684:1736 CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a higher plasma LPS concentration is associated with a less favorable phenotype as characterized by higher central adiposity, higher values of HOMA-IR, and beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men. 25519002 8 75 theme phosphatase 1433:1443 arg1 concentrations 1445:1458 mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations 1351:1458 mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations 1351:1458 LPS correlated positively with the trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations, as well as HOMA-IR and HOMA-B. 25519002 9 76 dep CONCLUSION 1492:1501 arg1 suggest 1515:1521 suggest 1515:1521 suggest that a higher plasma LPS concentration is associated with a less favorable phenotype as characterized by higher central adiposity, higher values of HOMA-IR, and beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men 1515:1736 CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a higher plasma LPS concentration is associated with a less favorable phenotype as characterized by higher central adiposity, higher values of HOMA-IR, and beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men. 25519002 7 77 dep RESULTS 925:931 arg1 Men 933:935 Men 933:935 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL 925:970 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 9 78 theme function 1694:1701 arg1 impairment 1703:1712 beta cell function impairment 1684:1712 beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men 1684:1736 CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a higher plasma LPS concentration is associated with a less favorable phenotype as characterized by higher central adiposity, higher values of HOMA-IR, and beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men. 25519002 0 79 theme overweight/obese 96:111 arg1 men 113:115 overweight/obese men 96:115 overweight/obese men 96:115 Higher plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations are associated with less favorable phenotype in overweight/obese men. 25519002 3 80 from topic 394:398 arg1 number 368:373 the number 364:373 the number of studies on this topic 364:398 However, the number of studies on this topic is scarce, and further investigation in humans is required. 25519002 3 80 from topic 394:398 arg1 scarce 403:408 scarce 403:408 scarce 403:408 However, the number of studies on this topic is scarce, and further investigation in humans is required. 25519002 7 81 theme median 942:947 arg1 LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL 956:970 median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL 942:970 median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL 942:970 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 9 82 from values 1661:1666 arg1 men 1734:1736 overweight/obese men 1717:1736 overweight/obese men 1717:1736 CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a higher plasma LPS concentration is associated with a less favorable phenotype as characterized by higher central adiposity, higher values of HOMA-IR, and beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men. 25519002 5 83 theme mass 703:706 arg1 index 708:712 body mass index 698:712 body mass index of 26-35 kg/m(2) 698:729 METHODS Sixty-seven young adult men with body mass index of 26-35 kg/m(2) were evaluated. 25519002 7 84 theme insulin 1163:1169 arg1 resistance 1171:1180 insulin resistance 1163:1180 insulin resistance 1163:1180 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 5 85 dep METHODS 657:663 arg1 men 689:691 Sixty-seven young adult men 665:691 METHODS Sixty-seven young adult men with body mass index of 26-35 kg/m(2) 657:729 METHODS Sixty-seven young adult men with body mass index of 26-35 kg/m(2) were evaluated. 25519002 8 86 theme fat 1303:1305 arg1 percentage 1307:1316 the trunk fat percentage 1293:1316 the trunk fat percentage 1293:1316 LPS correlated positively with the trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations, as well as HOMA-IR and HOMA-B. 25519002 0 87 theme plasma 7:12 arg1 concentrations 33:46 Higher plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations 0:46 Higher plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations 0:46 Higher plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations are associated with less favorable phenotype in overweight/obese men. 25519002 7 88 theme homeostasis 1131:1141 arg1 HOMA-IR 1183:1189 HOMA-IR 1183:1189 HOMA-IR 1183:1189 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 7 88 theme homeostasis 1131:1141 arg1 assessment 1149:1158 homeostasis model assessment 1131:1158 homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) 1131:1190 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 4 89 theme fat 546:548 arg1 distribution 550:561 body fat distribution 541:561 body fat distribution 541:561 In this study, we explored the association between plasma LPS concentrations and body fat distribution, as well as the biochemical parameters that may indicate the presence of metabolic disorders. 25519002 8 90 theme android 1323:1329 arg1 percentage 1335:1344 android fat percentage 1323:1344 android fat percentage 1323:1344 LPS correlated positively with the trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations, as well as HOMA-IR and HOMA-B. 25519002 6 91 theme energy 822:827 arg1 expenditure 829:839 energy expenditure 822:839 energy expenditure 822:839 Anthropometry, body composition and body fat distribution, blood pressure, energy expenditure, physical activity level, dietary intake, and biochemical parameters were assessed. 25519002 9 92 theme plasma 1537:1542 arg1 concentration 1548:1560 a higher plasma LPS concentration 1528:1560 a higher plasma LPS concentration 1528:1560 CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a higher plasma LPS concentration is associated with a less favorable phenotype as characterized by higher central adiposity, higher values of HOMA-IR, and beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men. 25519002 7 93 theme lower 1244:1248 arg1 LPS 1257:1259 lower plasma LPS 1244:1259 lower plasma LPS 1244:1259 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 5 94 theme 26-35 kg/m 717:726 arg1 index 708:712 body mass index 698:712 body mass index of 26-35 kg/m(2) 698:729 METHODS Sixty-seven young adult men with body mass index of 26-35 kg/m(2) were evaluated. 25519002 7 95 theme alanine 1090:1096 arg1 aminotransferase 1098:1113 alanine aminotransferase 1090:1113 alanine aminotransferase 1090:1113 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 4 96 theme LPS 518:520 arg1 concentrations 522:535 plasma LPS concentrations 511:535 plasma LPS concentrations 511:535 In this study, we explored the association between plasma LPS concentrations and body fat distribution, as well as the biochemical parameters that may indicate the presence of metabolic disorders. 25519002 8 97 theme aminotransferase 1402:1417 arg1 concentrations 1445:1458 mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations 1351:1458 mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations 1351:1458 LPS correlated positively with the trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations, as well as HOMA-IR and HOMA-B. 25519002 7 98 theme sagittal 989:996 arg1 diameter 1008:1015 sagittal abdominal diameter 989:1015 sagittal abdominal diameter 989:1015 RESULTS Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. 25519002 6 99 theme fat 788:790 arg1 distribution 792:803 body fat distribution 783:803 body fat distribution 783:803 Anthropometry, body composition and body fat distribution, blood pressure, energy expenditure, physical activity level, dietary intake, and biochemical parameters were assessed. 27832969 8 0 gly glycoproteins 1576:1588 arg1 glycoproteins 1576:1588 the cell glycoproteins 1567:1588 the cell glycoproteins 1567:1588 Additionally, there was a significant decrease over time in high mannose type N-glycans from the cell glycoproteins. 27832969 5 1 with complex 971:977 arg1 fucose 1055:1060 core fucose 1050:1060 mostly core fucose 1043:1060 Glycans attached to secreted glycoproteins were mostly complex with sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with mostly core fucose. 27832969 5 1 with complex 971:977 arg1 galactose 1012:1020 galactose 1012:1020 galactose β-(1,4)-linked 1012:1035 Glycans attached to secreted glycoproteins were mostly complex with sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with mostly core fucose. 27832969 5 1 with complex 971:977 arg1 acid 991:994 sialic acid 984:994 sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked 984:1009 Glycans attached to secreted glycoproteins were mostly complex with sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with mostly core fucose. 27832969 3 2 theme CHO 695:697 arg1 cells 699:703 the CHO cells 691:703 the CHO cells 691:703 N-glycans from cell and secreted glycoproteins from CHO cells were analysed by HILIC-UPLC and MS, and the total glycosylation (both N- and O-linked glycans) secreted from the CHO cells were analysed by lectin microarrays. 27832969 8 3 theme cell 1571:1574 arg1 glycoproteins 1576:1588 the cell glycoproteins 1567:1588 the cell glycoproteins 1567:1588 Additionally, there was a significant decrease over time in high mannose type N-glycans from the cell glycoproteins. 27832969 3 4 theme CHO 572:574 arg1 cells 576:580 CHO cells 572:580 CHO cells 572:580 N-glycans from cell and secreted glycoproteins from CHO cells were analysed by HILIC-UPLC and MS, and the total glycosylation (both N- and O-linked glycans) secreted from the CHO cells were analysed by lectin microarrays. 27832969 1 5 theme protein 187:193 arg1 distribution 141:152 the glycoform distribution 127:152 the glycoform distribution of a recombinant antibody fusion protein expressed in CHO cells 127:216 This study was performed to monitor the glycoform distribution of a recombinant antibody fusion protein expressed in CHO cells over the course of fed-batch bioreactor runs using high-throughput methods to accurately determine the glycosylation status of the cell culture and its product. 27832969 9 6 theme complementary 1612:1624 arg1 methods 1626:1632 the complementary methods HILIC-UPLC and lectin microarrays 1608:1666 the complementary methods HILIC-UPLC and lectin microarrays 1608:1666 A combination of the complementary methods HILIC-UPLC and lectin microarrays could provide a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product. 27832969 4 7 contain contained 761:769 arg2 glycans 805:811 mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans 771:811 mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans 771:811 Cell glycoproteins contained mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans with some complex glycans; sialic acid was α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with core fucose. 27832969 4 7 contain contained 761:769 arg1 glycoproteins 747:759 Cell glycoproteins 742:759 Cell glycoproteins 742:759 Cell glycoproteins contained mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans with some complex glycans; sialic acid was α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with core fucose. 27832969 7 8 theme different 1314:1322 arg1 time-points 1324:1334 different time-points 1314:1334 different time-points 1314:1334 In comparing different time-points, significant decreases in sialylation and branching with time were observed for glycans attached to both cell and secreted glycoproteins. 27832969 9 9 theme biopharmaceutical 1879:1895 arg1 product 1897:1903 the biopharmaceutical product 1875:1903 the biopharmaceutical product 1875:1903 A combination of the complementary methods HILIC-UPLC and lectin microarrays could provide a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product. 27832969 3 10 dep glycosylation 632:644 arg1 N- 652:653 N- 652:653 N- 652:653 N-glycans from cell and secreted glycoproteins from CHO cells were analysed by HILIC-UPLC and MS, and the total glycosylation (both N- and O-linked glycans) secreted from the CHO cells were analysed by lectin microarrays. 27832969 3 10 dep glycosylation 632:644 arg1 glycans 668:674 O-linked glycans 659:674 O-linked glycans 659:674 N-glycans from cell and secreted glycoproteins from CHO cells were analysed by HILIC-UPLC and MS, and the total glycosylation (both N- and O-linked glycans) secreted from the CHO cells were analysed by lectin microarrays. 27832969 9 11 theme lectin 1649:1654 arg1 microarrays 1656:1666 lectin microarrays 1649:1666 lectin microarrays 1649:1666 A combination of the complementary methods HILIC-UPLC and lectin microarrays could provide a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product. 27832969 6 12 theme days 1255:1258 arg1 time-points 1240:1250 the early time-points 1230:1250 the early time-points of days 1 and 3 1230:1266 There were no significant differences noted among the bioreactors in either the cell pellets or supernatants using the HILIC-UPLC method and only minor differences at the early time-points of days 1 and 3 by the lectin microarray method. 27832969 6 13 theme cell 1143:1146 arg1 pellets 1148:1154 the cell pellets 1139:1154 the cell pellets 1139:1154 There were no significant differences noted among the bioreactors in either the cell pellets or supernatants using the HILIC-UPLC method and only minor differences at the early time-points of days 1 and 3 by the lectin microarray method. 27832969 4 14 with -linked 863:869 arg1 fucose 908:913 core fucose 903:913 core fucose 903:913 Cell glycoproteins contained mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans with some complex glycans; sialic acid was α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with core fucose. 27832969 5 15 theme core 1050:1053 arg1 fucose 1055:1060 core fucose 1050:1060 mostly core fucose 1043:1060 Glycans attached to secreted glycoproteins were mostly complex with sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with mostly core fucose. 27832969 7 16 from decreases 1349:1357 arg1 branching 1378:1386 branching 1378:1386 branching 1378:1386 In comparing different time-points, significant decreases in sialylation and branching with time were observed for glycans attached to both cell and secreted glycoproteins. 27832969 7 16 from decreases 1349:1357 arg1 sialylation 1362:1372 sialylation 1362:1372 sialylation 1362:1372 In comparing different time-points, significant decreases in sialylation and branching with time were observed for glycans attached to both cell and secreted glycoproteins. 27832969 9 17 theme HTP 1703:1705 arg1 tool 1717:1720 a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool 1682:1720 a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product 1682:1903 A combination of the complementary methods HILIC-UPLC and lectin microarrays could provide a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product. 27832969 9 18 theme profiling 1707:1715 arg1 tool 1717:1720 a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool 1682:1720 a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product 1682:1903 A combination of the complementary methods HILIC-UPLC and lectin microarrays could provide a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product. 27832969 1 19 theme antibody 171:178 arg1 protein 187:193 a recombinant antibody fusion protein 157:193 a recombinant antibody fusion protein expressed in CHO cells 157:216 This study was performed to monitor the glycoform distribution of a recombinant antibody fusion protein expressed in CHO cells over the course of fed-batch bioreactor runs using high-throughput methods to accurately determine the glycosylation status of the cell culture and its product. 27832969 7 20 gly glycoproteins 1459:1471 arg1 glycoproteins 1459:1471 both cell and secreted glycoproteins 1436:1471 glycoproteins 1459:1471 In comparing different time-points, significant decreases in sialylation and branching with time were observed for glycans attached to both cell and secreted glycoproteins. 27832969 0 21 from Advances 0:7 arg1 methodologies 23:35 analytical methodologies 12:35 analytical methodologies 12:35 Advances in analytical methodologies to guide bioprocess engineering for bio-therapeutics. 27832969 3 22 gly glycoproteins 553:565 arg1 glycoproteins 553:565 cell and secreted glycoproteins 535:565 glycoproteins 553:565 N-glycans from cell and secreted glycoproteins from CHO cells were analysed by HILIC-UPLC and MS, and the total glycosylation (both N- and O-linked glycans) secreted from the CHO cells were analysed by lectin microarrays. 27832969 4 23 gly glycoproteins 747:759 arg1 glycoproteins 747:759 Cell glycoproteins 742:759 Cell glycoproteins 742:759 Cell glycoproteins contained mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans with some complex glycans; sialic acid was α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with core fucose. 27832969 5 24 theme -linked 1029:1035 arg1 galactose 1012:1020 galactose 1012:1020 galactose β-(1,4)-linked 1012:1035 Glycans attached to secreted glycoproteins were mostly complex with sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with mostly core fucose. 27832969 5 24 theme -linked 1029:1035 arg1 acid 991:994 sialic acid 984:994 sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked 984:1009 Glycans attached to secreted glycoproteins were mostly complex with sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with mostly core fucose. 27832969 5 25 theme secreted 936:943 arg1 glycoproteins 945:957 secreted glycoproteins 936:957 secreted glycoproteins 936:957 Glycans attached to secreted glycoproteins were mostly complex with sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with mostly core fucose. 27832969 4 26 theme N-linked 796:803 arg1 glycans 805:811 mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans 771:811 mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans 771:811 Cell glycoproteins contained mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans with some complex glycans; sialic acid was α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with core fucose. 27832969 5 27 link -linked 1029:1035 arg1 galactose 1012:1020 galactose 1012:1020 galactose β-(1,4)-linked 1012:1035 Glycans attached to secreted glycoproteins were mostly complex with sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with mostly core fucose. 27832969 5 27 link -linked 1029:1035 arg1 acid 991:994 sialic acid 984:994 sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked 984:1009 Glycans attached to secreted glycoproteins were mostly complex with sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with mostly core fucose. 27832969 9 28 theme qualitative 1742:1752 arg1 data 1771:1774 qualitative and quantitative data 1742:1774 qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product 1742:1903 A combination of the complementary methods HILIC-UPLC and lectin microarrays could provide a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product. 27832969 9 29 theme quantitative 1758:1769 arg1 data 1771:1774 qualitative and quantitative data 1742:1774 qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product 1742:1903 A combination of the complementary methods HILIC-UPLC and lectin microarrays could provide a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product. 27832969 0 30 theme analytical 12:21 arg1 methodologies 23:35 analytical methodologies 12:35 analytical methodologies 12:35 Advances in analytical methodologies to guide bioprocess engineering for bio-therapeutics. 27832969 9 31 dep methods 1626:1632 arg1 HILIC-UPLC 1634:1643 HILIC-UPLC 1634:1643 HILIC-UPLC 1634:1643 A combination of the complementary methods HILIC-UPLC and lectin microarrays could provide a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product. 27832969 9 31 dep methods 1626:1632 arg1 microarrays 1656:1666 lectin microarrays 1649:1666 lectin microarrays 1649:1666 A combination of the complementary methods HILIC-UPLC and lectin microarrays could provide a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product. 27832969 1 32 theme glycosylation 321:333 arg1 status 335:340 the glycosylation status 317:340 the glycosylation status of the cell culture 317:360 This study was performed to monitor the glycoform distribution of a recombinant antibody fusion protein expressed in CHO cells over the course of fed-batch bioreactor runs using high-throughput methods to accurately determine the glycosylation status of the cell culture and its product. 27832969 7 33 theme secreted 1450:1457 arg1 glycoproteins 1459:1471 both cell and secreted glycoproteins 1436:1471 glycoproteins 1459:1471 In comparing different time-points, significant decreases in sialylation and branching with time were observed for glycans attached to both cell and secreted glycoproteins. 27832969 2 34 theme advanced 487:494 arg1 methods 496:502 the advanced methods 483:502 the advanced methods described here 483:517 Three different bioreactors running similar conditions were analysed at the same five time-points using the advanced methods described here. 27832969 8 35 theme significant 1500:1510 arg1 decrease 1512:1519 a significant decrease 1498:1519 a significant decrease over time in high mannose type N-glycans from the cell glycoproteins 1498:1588 Additionally, there was a significant decrease over time in high mannose type N-glycans from the cell glycoproteins. 27832969 0 36 theme bioprocess 46:55 arg1 engineering 57:67 bioprocess engineering 46:67 bioprocess engineering for bio-therapeutics 46:88 Advances in analytical methodologies to guide bioprocess engineering for bio-therapeutics. 27832969 1 37 theme cell 349:352 arg1 culture 354:360 the cell culture 345:360 the cell culture 345:360 This study was performed to monitor the glycoform distribution of a recombinant antibody fusion protein expressed in CHO cells over the course of fed-batch bioreactor runs using high-throughput methods to accurately determine the glycosylation status of the cell culture and its product. 27832969 7 38 theme cell 1441:1444 arg1 glycoproteins 1459:1471 both cell and secreted glycoproteins 1436:1471 glycoproteins 1459:1471 In comparing different time-points, significant decreases in sialylation and branching with time were observed for glycans attached to both cell and secreted glycoproteins. 27832969 3 39 dep N- 652:653 arg1 both 647:650 both 647:650 both 647:650 N-glycans from cell and secreted glycoproteins from CHO cells were analysed by HILIC-UPLC and MS, and the total glycosylation (both N- and O-linked glycans) secreted from the CHO cells were analysed by lectin microarrays. 27832969 4 40 theme complex 823:829 arg1 glycans 831:837 some complex glycans 818:837 some complex glycans 818:837 Cell glycoproteins contained mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans with some complex glycans; sialic acid was α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with core fucose. 27832969 3 41 theme secreted 544:551 arg1 glycoproteins 553:565 cell and secreted glycoproteins 535:565 glycoproteins 553:565 N-glycans from cell and secreted glycoproteins from CHO cells were analysed by HILIC-UPLC and MS, and the total glycosylation (both N- and O-linked glycans) secreted from the CHO cells were analysed by lectin microarrays. 27832969 1 42 theme fed-batch 237:245 arg1 runs 258:261 fed-batch bioreactor runs 237:261 fed-batch bioreactor runs using high-throughput methods to accurately determine the glycosylation status of the cell culture 237:360 This study was performed to monitor the glycoform distribution of a recombinant antibody fusion protein expressed in CHO cells over the course of fed-batch bioreactor runs using high-throughput methods to accurately determine the glycosylation status of the cell culture and its product. 27832969 4 43 dep -linked 863:869 arg1 -linked 889:895 -linked 889:895 -linked 889:895 Cell glycoproteins contained mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans with some complex glycans; sialic acid was α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with core fucose. 27832969 5 44 theme sialic 984:989 arg1 galactose 1012:1020 galactose 1012:1020 galactose β-(1,4)-linked 1012:1035 Glycans attached to secreted glycoproteins were mostly complex with sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with mostly core fucose. 27832969 5 44 theme sialic 984:989 arg1 acid 991:994 sialic acid 984:994 sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked 984:1009 Glycans attached to secreted glycoproteins were mostly complex with sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with mostly core fucose. 27832969 8 45 theme mannose 1539:1545 arg1 N-glycans 1552:1560 high mannose type N-glycans 1534:1560 high mannose type N-glycans from the cell glycoproteins 1534:1588 Additionally, there was a significant decrease over time in high mannose type N-glycans from the cell glycoproteins. 27832969 3 46 theme cell 535:538 arg1 glycoproteins 553:565 cell and secreted glycoproteins 535:565 glycoproteins 553:565 N-glycans from cell and secreted glycoproteins from CHO cells were analysed by HILIC-UPLC and MS, and the total glycosylation (both N- and O-linked glycans) secreted from the CHO cells were analysed by lectin microarrays. 27832969 1 47 theme runs 258:261 arg1 course 227:232 the course 223:232 the course of fed-batch bioreactor runs using high-throughput methods to accurately determine the glycosylation status of the cell culture and its product 223:376 This study was performed to monitor the glycoform distribution of a recombinant antibody fusion protein expressed in CHO cells over the course of fed-batch bioreactor runs using high-throughput methods to accurately determine the glycosylation status of the cell culture and its product. 27832969 6 48 theme HILIC-UPLC 1182:1191 arg1 method 1193:1198 the HILIC-UPLC method 1178:1198 the HILIC-UPLC method 1178:1198 There were no significant differences noted among the bioreactors in either the cell pellets or supernatants using the HILIC-UPLC method and only minor differences at the early time-points of days 1 and 3 by the lectin microarray method. 27832969 3 49 link O-linked 659:666 arg1 glycans 668:674 O-linked glycans 659:674 O-linked glycans 659:674 N-glycans from cell and secreted glycoproteins from CHO cells were analysed by HILIC-UPLC and MS, and the total glycosylation (both N- and O-linked glycans) secreted from the CHO cells were analysed by lectin microarrays. 27832969 6 50 theme minor 1209:1213 arg1 differences 1215:1225 only minor differences 1204:1225 only minor differences 1204:1225 There were no significant differences noted among the bioreactors in either the cell pellets or supernatants using the HILIC-UPLC method and only minor differences at the early time-points of days 1 and 3 by the lectin microarray method. 27832969 1 51 theme high-throughput 269:283 arg1 methods 285:291 high-throughput methods 269:291 high-throughput methods 269:291 This study was performed to monitor the glycoform distribution of a recombinant antibody fusion protein expressed in CHO cells over the course of fed-batch bioreactor runs using high-throughput methods to accurately determine the glycosylation status of the cell culture and its product. 27832969 9 52 theme real-time 1850:1858 arg1 monitoring 1861:1870 'real-time' monitoring 1849:1870 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product 1849:1903 A combination of the complementary methods HILIC-UPLC and lectin microarrays could provide a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product. 27832969 3 53 from glycoproteins 553:565 arg1 N-glycans 520:528 N-glycans 520:528 N-glycans from cell and secreted glycoproteins from CHO cells 520:580 N-glycans from cell and secreted glycoproteins from CHO cells were analysed by HILIC-UPLC and MS, and the total glycosylation (both N- and O-linked glycans) secreted from the CHO cells were analysed by lectin microarrays. 27832969 1 54 theme fusion 180:185 arg1 protein 187:193 a recombinant antibody fusion protein 157:193 a recombinant antibody fusion protein expressed in CHO cells 157:216 This study was performed to monitor the glycoform distribution of a recombinant antibody fusion protein expressed in CHO cells over the course of fed-batch bioreactor runs using high-throughput methods to accurately determine the glycosylation status of the cell culture and its product. 27832969 9 55 theme defined 1782:1788 arg1 process 1808:1814 a defined biopharmaceutical process 1780:1814 a defined biopharmaceutical process 1780:1814 A combination of the complementary methods HILIC-UPLC and lectin microarrays could provide a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product. 27832969 3 56 theme lectin 722:727 arg1 microarrays 729:739 lectin microarrays 722:739 lectin microarrays 722:739 N-glycans from cell and secreted glycoproteins from CHO cells were analysed by HILIC-UPLC and MS, and the total glycosylation (both N- and O-linked glycans) secreted from the CHO cells were analysed by lectin microarrays. 27832969 8 57 from decrease 1512:1519 arg1 glycoproteins 1576:1588 the cell glycoproteins 1567:1588 the cell glycoproteins 1567:1588 Additionally, there was a significant decrease over time in high mannose type N-glycans from the cell glycoproteins. 27832969 8 57 from decrease 1512:1519 arg1 N-glycans 1552:1560 high mannose type N-glycans 1534:1560 high mannose type N-glycans from the cell glycoproteins 1534:1588 Additionally, there was a significant decrease over time in high mannose type N-glycans from the cell glycoproteins. 27832969 9 58 theme methods 1626:1632 arg1 combination 1593:1603 A combination 1591:1603 A combination of the complementary methods HILIC-UPLC and lectin microarrays 1591:1666 A combination of the complementary methods HILIC-UPLC and lectin microarrays could provide a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product. 27832969 6 59 theme significant 1077:1087 arg1 differences 1089:1099 no significant differences 1074:1099 no significant differences noted among the bioreactors in either the cell pellets or supernatants using the HILIC-UPLC method 1074:1198 There were no significant differences noted among the bioreactors in either the cell pellets or supernatants using the HILIC-UPLC method and only minor differences at the early time-points of days 1 and 3 by the lectin microarray method. 27832969 6 60 theme 3 1266:1266 arg1 time-points 1240:1250 the early time-points 1230:1250 the early time-points of days 1 and 3 1230:1266 There were no significant differences noted among the bioreactors in either the cell pellets or supernatants using the HILIC-UPLC method and only minor differences at the early time-points of days 1 and 3 by the lectin microarray method. 27832969 1 61 theme CHO 208:210 arg1 cells 212:216 CHO cells 208:216 CHO cells 208:216 This study was performed to monitor the glycoform distribution of a recombinant antibody fusion protein expressed in CHO cells over the course of fed-batch bioreactor runs using high-throughput methods to accurately determine the glycosylation status of the cell culture and its product. 27832969 7 62 theme significant 1337:1347 arg1 decreases 1349:1357 significant decreases 1337:1357 significant decreases in sialylation and branching with time 1337:1396 In comparing different time-points, significant decreases in sialylation and branching with time were observed for glycans attached to both cell and secreted glycoproteins. 27832969 2 63 theme different 385:393 arg1 bioreactors 395:405 Three different bioreactors 379:405 Three different bioreactors running similar conditions 379:432 Three different bioreactors running similar conditions were analysed at the same five time-points using the advanced methods described here. 27832969 9 64 theme product 1897:1903 arg1 monitoring 1861:1870 'real-time' monitoring 1849:1870 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product 1849:1903 A combination of the complementary methods HILIC-UPLC and lectin microarrays could provide a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product. 27832969 5 65 attach attached 924:931 arg1 glycoproteins 945:957 secreted glycoproteins 936:957 secreted glycoproteins 936:957 Glycans attached to secreted glycoproteins were mostly complex with sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with mostly core fucose. 27832969 5 65 attach attached 924:931 arg2 Glycans 916:922 Glycans 916:922 Glycans attached to secreted glycoproteins 916:957 Glycans attached to secreted glycoproteins were mostly complex with sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with mostly core fucose. 27832969 6 66 theme early 1234:1238 arg1 time-points 1240:1250 the early time-points 1230:1250 the early time-points of days 1 and 3 1230:1266 There were no significant differences noted among the bioreactors in either the cell pellets or supernatants using the HILIC-UPLC method and only minor differences at the early time-points of days 1 and 3 by the lectin microarray method. 27832969 5 67 theme -linked 1003:1009 arg1 galactose 1012:1020 galactose 1012:1020 galactose β-(1,4)-linked 1012:1035 Glycans attached to secreted glycoproteins were mostly complex with sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with mostly core fucose. 27832969 5 67 theme -linked 1003:1009 arg1 acid 991:994 sialic acid 984:994 sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked 984:1009 Glycans attached to secreted glycoproteins were mostly complex with sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with mostly core fucose. 27832969 1 68 theme glycoform 131:139 arg1 distribution 141:152 the glycoform distribution 127:152 the glycoform distribution of a recombinant antibody fusion protein expressed in CHO cells 127:216 This study was performed to monitor the glycoform distribution of a recombinant antibody fusion protein expressed in CHO cells over the course of fed-batch bioreactor runs using high-throughput methods to accurately determine the glycosylation status of the cell culture and its product. 27832969 9 69 theme powerful 1684:1691 arg1 tool 1717:1720 a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool 1682:1720 a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product 1682:1903 A combination of the complementary methods HILIC-UPLC and lectin microarrays could provide a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product. 27832969 4 70 theme mannose 783:789 arg1 glycans 805:811 mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans 771:811 mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans 771:811 Cell glycoproteins contained mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans with some complex glycans; sialic acid was α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with core fucose. 27832969 3 71 theme total 626:630 arg1 glycosylation 632:644 the total glycosylation 622:644 the total glycosylation (both N- and O-linked glycans) secreted from the CHO cells 622:703 N-glycans from cell and secreted glycoproteins from CHO cells were analysed by HILIC-UPLC and MS, and the total glycosylation (both N- and O-linked glycans) secreted from the CHO cells were analysed by lectin microarrays. 27832969 1 72 gly glycosylation 321:333 arg1 culture 354:360 the cell culture 345:360 the cell culture 345:360 This study was performed to monitor the glycoform distribution of a recombinant antibody fusion protein expressed in CHO cells over the course of fed-batch bioreactor runs using high-throughput methods to accurately determine the glycosylation status of the cell culture and its product. 27832969 5 73 link -linked 1003:1009 arg1 galactose 1012:1020 galactose 1012:1020 galactose β-(1,4)-linked 1012:1035 Glycans attached to secreted glycoproteins were mostly complex with sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with mostly core fucose. 27832969 5 73 link -linked 1003:1009 arg1 acid 991:994 sialic acid 984:994 sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked 984:1009 Glycans attached to secreted glycoproteins were mostly complex with sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with mostly core fucose. 27832969 9 74 theme rapid 1697:1701 arg1 tool 1717:1720 a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool 1682:1720 a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product 1682:1903 A combination of the complementary methods HILIC-UPLC and lectin microarrays could provide a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product. 27832969 6 75 theme lectin 1275:1280 arg1 method 1293:1298 the lectin microarray method 1271:1298 the lectin microarray method 1271:1298 There were no significant differences noted among the bioreactors in either the cell pellets or supernatants using the HILIC-UPLC method and only minor differences at the early time-points of days 1 and 3 by the lectin microarray method. 27832969 1 76 theme culture 354:360 arg1 status 335:340 the glycosylation status 317:340 the glycosylation status of the cell culture 317:360 This study was performed to monitor the glycoform distribution of a recombinant antibody fusion protein expressed in CHO cells over the course of fed-batch bioreactor runs using high-throughput methods to accurately determine the glycosylation status of the cell culture and its product. 27832969 1 77 theme recombinant 159:169 arg1 protein 187:193 a recombinant antibody fusion protein 157:193 a recombinant antibody fusion protein expressed in CHO cells 157:216 This study was performed to monitor the glycoform distribution of a recombinant antibody fusion protein expressed in CHO cells over the course of fed-batch bioreactor runs using high-throughput methods to accurately determine the glycosylation status of the cell culture and its product. 27832969 1 78 theme product 370:376 arg1 course 227:232 the course 223:232 the course of fed-batch bioreactor runs using high-throughput methods to accurately determine the glycosylation status of the cell culture and its product 223:376 This study was performed to monitor the glycoform distribution of a recombinant antibody fusion protein expressed in CHO cells over the course of fed-batch bioreactor runs using high-throughput methods to accurately determine the glycosylation status of the cell culture and its product. 27832969 5 79 gly glycoproteins 945:957 arg1 glycoproteins 945:957 secreted glycoproteins 936:957 secreted glycoproteins 936:957 Glycans attached to secreted glycoproteins were mostly complex with sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with mostly core fucose. 27832969 3 80 from cells 576:580 arg1 glycoproteins 553:565 cell and secreted glycoproteins 535:565 glycoproteins 553:565 N-glycans from cell and secreted glycoproteins from CHO cells were analysed by HILIC-UPLC and MS, and the total glycosylation (both N- and O-linked glycans) secreted from the CHO cells were analysed by lectin microarrays. 27832969 6 81 theme microarray 1282:1291 arg1 method 1293:1298 the lectin microarray method 1271:1298 the lectin microarray method 1271:1298 There were no significant differences noted among the bioreactors in either the cell pellets or supernatants using the HILIC-UPLC method and only minor differences at the early time-points of days 1 and 3 by the lectin microarray method. 27832969 9 82 theme capable 1722:1728 arg1 tool 1717:1720 a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool 1682:1720 a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product 1682:1903 A combination of the complementary methods HILIC-UPLC and lectin microarrays could provide a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product. 27832969 4 83 theme high 778:781 arg1 glycans 805:811 mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans 771:811 mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans 771:811 Cell glycoproteins contained mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans with some complex glycans; sialic acid was α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with core fucose. 27832969 8 84 from glycoproteins 1576:1588 arg1 decrease 1512:1519 a significant decrease 1498:1519 a significant decrease over time in high mannose type N-glycans from the cell glycoproteins 1498:1588 Additionally, there was a significant decrease over time in high mannose type N-glycans from the cell glycoproteins. 27832969 8 84 from glycoproteins 1576:1588 arg1 N-glycans 1552:1560 high mannose type N-glycans 1534:1560 high mannose type N-glycans from the cell glycoproteins 1534:1588 Additionally, there was a significant decrease over time in high mannose type N-glycans from the cell glycoproteins. 27832969 6 85 from bioreactors 1117:1127 arg1 supernatants 1159:1170 supernatants 1159:1170 supernatants 1159:1170 There were no significant differences noted among the bioreactors in either the cell pellets or supernatants using the HILIC-UPLC method and only minor differences at the early time-points of days 1 and 3 by the lectin microarray method. 27832969 6 85 from bioreactors 1117:1127 arg1 pellets 1148:1154 the cell pellets 1139:1154 the cell pellets 1139:1154 There were no significant differences noted among the bioreactors in either the cell pellets or supernatants using the HILIC-UPLC method and only minor differences at the early time-points of days 1 and 3 by the lectin microarray method. 27832969 2 86 theme similar 415:421 arg1 conditions 423:432 similar conditions 415:432 similar conditions 415:432 Three different bioreactors running similar conditions were analysed at the same five time-points using the advanced methods described here. 27832969 4 87 theme core 903:906 arg1 fucose 908:913 core fucose 903:913 core fucose 903:913 Cell glycoproteins contained mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans with some complex glycans; sialic acid was α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with core fucose. 27832969 4 88 theme Cell 742:745 arg1 glycoproteins 747:759 Cell glycoproteins 742:759 Cell glycoproteins 742:759 Cell glycoproteins contained mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans with some complex glycans; sialic acid was α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with core fucose. 27832969 2 89 theme same 455:458 arg1 time-points 465:475 the same five time-points 451:475 the same five time-points using the advanced methods described here 451:517 Three different bioreactors running similar conditions were analysed at the same five time-points using the advanced methods described here. 27832969 3 90 theme O-linked 659:666 arg1 glycans 668:674 O-linked glycans 659:674 O-linked glycans 659:674 N-glycans from cell and secreted glycoproteins from CHO cells were analysed by HILIC-UPLC and MS, and the total glycosylation (both N- and O-linked glycans) secreted from the CHO cells were analysed by lectin microarrays. 27832969 7 91 attach attached 1424:1431 arg1 glycoproteins 1459:1471 both cell and secreted glycoproteins 1436:1471 glycoproteins 1459:1471 In comparing different time-points, significant decreases in sialylation and branching with time were observed for glycans attached to both cell and secreted glycoproteins. 27832969 7 91 attach attached 1424:1431 arg2 glycans 1416:1422 glycans 1416:1422 glycans attached to both cell and secreted glycoproteins 1416:1471 In comparing different time-points, significant decreases in sialylation and branching with time were observed for glycans attached to both cell and secreted glycoproteins. 27832969 7 92 with sialylation 1362:1372 arg1 time 1393:1396 time 1393:1396 time 1393:1396 In comparing different time-points, significant decreases in sialylation and branching with time were observed for glycans attached to both cell and secreted glycoproteins. 27832969 4 93 link N-linked 796:803 arg1 glycans 805:811 mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans 771:811 mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans 771:811 Cell glycoproteins contained mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans with some complex glycans; sialic acid was α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with core fucose. 27832969 9 94 theme biopharmaceutical 1790:1806 arg1 process 1808:1814 a defined biopharmaceutical process 1780:1814 a defined biopharmaceutical process 1780:1814 A combination of the complementary methods HILIC-UPLC and lectin microarrays could provide a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product. 27832969 4 95 theme sialic 840:845 arg1 acid 847:850 sialic acid 840:850 sialic acid 840:850 Cell glycoproteins contained mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans with some complex glycans; sialic acid was α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with core fucose. 27832969 7 96 with branching 1378:1386 arg1 time 1393:1396 time 1393:1396 time 1393:1396 In comparing different time-points, significant decreases in sialylation and branching with time were observed for glycans attached to both cell and secreted glycoproteins. 27832969 8 97 theme high 1534:1537 arg1 N-glycans 1552:1560 high mannose type N-glycans 1534:1560 high mannose type N-glycans from the cell glycoproteins 1534:1588 Additionally, there was a significant decrease over time in high mannose type N-glycans from the cell glycoproteins. 27832969 4 98 theme type 791:794 arg1 glycans 805:811 mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans 771:811 mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans 771:811 Cell glycoproteins contained mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans with some complex glycans; sialic acid was α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with core fucose. 27832969 8 99 theme type 1547:1550 arg1 N-glycans 1552:1560 high mannose type N-glycans 1534:1560 high mannose type N-glycans from the cell glycoproteins 1534:1588 Additionally, there was a significant decrease over time in high mannose type N-glycans from the cell glycoproteins. 27832969 1 100 theme bioreactor 247:256 arg1 runs 258:261 fed-batch bioreactor runs 237:261 fed-batch bioreactor runs using high-throughput methods to accurately determine the glycosylation status of the cell culture 237:360 This study was performed to monitor the glycoform distribution of a recombinant antibody fusion protein expressed in CHO cells over the course of fed-batch bioreactor runs using high-throughput methods to accurately determine the glycosylation status of the cell culture and its product. 27363296 2 0 from line 501:504 arg1 GAGs 461:464 GAGs 461:464 GAGs 461:464 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 0 from line 501:504 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 441:458 glycosaminoglycans 441:458 glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus 441:577 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 6 1 theme disc 1474:1477 arg1 pressure 1487:1494 disc osmotic pressure 1474:1494 disc osmotic pressure 1474:1494 CONCLUSIONS Oxygen-ozone therapy breaks down proteoglycan GAGs that maintain disc osmotic pressure, dehydrating the nucleus pulposus and reducing intervertebral disc volume. 27363296 4 2 theme administered 1089:1100 arg1 ozone 1102:1106 administered ozone 1089:1106 administered ozone 1089:1106 Porcine disc histology and Chinese hamster ovary GAG ozonolysis results showed that administered ozone reacted with and fragmented disc proteoglycans, reducing disc volume through disc dehydration. 27363296 4 3 dep histology 1018:1026 arg1 results 1069:1075 GAG ozonolysis results 1054:1075 GAG ozonolysis results 1054:1075 Porcine disc histology and Chinese hamster ovary GAG ozonolysis results showed that administered ozone reacted with and fragmented disc proteoglycans, reducing disc volume through disc dehydration. 27363296 4 4 theme disc 1165:1168 arg1 volume 1170:1175 disc volume 1165:1175 disc volume 1165:1175 Porcine disc histology and Chinese hamster ovary GAG ozonolysis results showed that administered ozone reacted with and fragmented disc proteoglycans, reducing disc volume through disc dehydration. 27363296 1 5 theme oxygen-ozone 164:175 arg1 therapy 177:183 intradiscal oxygen-ozone therapy 152:183 intradiscal oxygen-ozone therapy for herniated intervertebral disc therapy 152:225 PURPOSE To elucidate the mechanism of action of intradiscal oxygen-ozone therapy for herniated intervertebral disc therapy. 27363296 2 6 theme Yucatan 610:616 arg1 pigs 628:631 live Yucatan miniature pigs 605:631 live Yucatan miniature pigs 605:631 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 6 7 theme intervertebral 1543:1556 arg1 volume 1563:1568 intervertebral disc volume 1543:1568 intervertebral disc volume 1543:1568 CONCLUSIONS Oxygen-ozone therapy breaks down proteoglycan GAGs that maintain disc osmotic pressure, dehydrating the nucleus pulposus and reducing intervertebral disc volume. 27363296 7 8 theme disc-related 1678:1689 arg1 pain 1691:1694 herniated disc-related pain 1668:1694 herniated disc-related pain 1668:1694 This is likely a primary mechanism by which ozone relieves nerve root compression and alleviates herniated disc-related pain. 27363296 4 9 theme disc 1136:1139 arg1 proteoglycans 1141:1153 and fragmented disc proteoglycans 1121:1153 proteoglycans 1141:1153 Porcine disc histology and Chinese hamster ovary GAG ozonolysis results showed that administered ozone reacted with and fragmented disc proteoglycans, reducing disc volume through disc dehydration. 27363296 1 10 theme intervertebral 199:212 arg1 therapy 219:225 herniated intervertebral disc therapy 189:225 herniated intervertebral disc therapy 189:225 PURPOSE To elucidate the mechanism of action of intradiscal oxygen-ozone therapy for herniated intervertebral disc therapy. 27363296 2 11 theme semiquantitative 785:800 arg1 analysis 802:809 semiquantitative analysis 785:809 semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations 785:841 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 6 12 theme proteoglycan 1442:1453 arg1 GAGs 1455:1458 proteoglycan GAGs 1442:1458 proteoglycan GAGs that maintain disc osmotic pressure, dehydrating the nucleus pulposus and reducing intervertebral disc volume 1442:1568 CONCLUSIONS Oxygen-ozone therapy breaks down proteoglycan GAGs that maintain disc osmotic pressure, dehydrating the nucleus pulposus and reducing intervertebral disc volume. 27363296 8 13 theme antiinflammatory 1785:1800 arg1 response 1802:1809 an antiinflammatory response 1782:1809 an antiinflammatory response that may contribute to symptom improvement 1782:1852 Additionally, 2 wt% ozone appears to interact with intradiscal cytokines, generating an antiinflammatory response that may contribute to symptom improvement. 27363296 5 14 dep measured 1269:1276 arg1 -1β 1295:1297 interleukin [IL]-1β 1279:1297 interleukin [IL]-1β 1279:1297 Cytokine analysis of porcine discs found that each of 4 cytokines measured (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) increased in concentration after 2 wt% ozone treatment. 27363296 5 14 dep measured 1269:1276 arg1 cytokines 1259:1267 4 cytokines 1257:1267 4 cytokines measured (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) 1257:1339 Cytokine analysis of porcine discs found that each of 4 cytokines measured (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) increased in concentration after 2 wt% ozone treatment. 27363296 4 15 dep proteoglycans 1141:1153 arg1 fragmented 1125:1134 fragmented 1125:1134 fragmented 1125:1134 Porcine disc histology and Chinese hamster ovary GAG ozonolysis results showed that administered ozone reacted with and fragmented disc proteoglycans, reducing disc volume through disc dehydration. 27363296 3 16 theme small 905:909 arg1 reduction 928:936 a small (6%) disc volume reduction 903:936 a small (6%) disc volume reduction 903:936 RESULTS Engineering calculations support observations that a small (6%) disc volume reduction can result in considerable (9.84%) intradiscal pressure reduction. 27363296 7 17 theme nerve 1630:1634 arg1 compression 1641:1651 nerve root compression 1630:1651 nerve root compression 1630:1651 This is likely a primary mechanism by which ozone relieves nerve root compression and alleviates herniated disc-related pain. 27363296 2 18 theme nucleus 562:568 arg1 pulposus 570:577 human nucleus pulposus 556:577 human nucleus pulposus 556:577 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 19 theme oxygen-ozone 707:718 arg1 treatment 720:728 image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment 682:728 image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment 682:728 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 20 theme action 257:262 arg1 mechanism 244:252 METHODS Ozone's mechanism 228:252 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action 228:262 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 8 21 theme symptom 1834:1840 arg1 improvement 1842:1852 symptom improvement 1834:1852 symptom improvement 1834:1852 Additionally, 2 wt% ozone appears to interact with intradiscal cytokines, generating an antiinflammatory response that may contribute to symptom improvement. 27363296 2 22 theme cell 496:499 arg1 line 501:504 a Chinese hamster ovary cell line 472:504 a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus 472:577 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 22 theme cell 496:499 arg1 similar 516:522 similar 516:522 similar 516:522 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 7 23 theme primary 1588:1594 arg1 mechanism 1596:1604 a primary mechanism 1586:1604 a primary mechanism by which ozone relieves nerve root compression and alleviates herniated disc-related pain 1586:1694 This is likely a primary mechanism by which ozone relieves nerve root compression and alleviates herniated disc-related pain. 27363296 7 23 theme primary 1588:1594 arg1 This 1571:1574 This 1571:1574 This 1571:1574 This is likely a primary mechanism by which ozone relieves nerve root compression and alleviates herniated disc-related pain. 27363296 3 24 theme Engineering 852:862 arg1 calculations 864:875 RESULTS Engineering calculations 844:875 RESULTS Engineering calculations 844:875 RESULTS Engineering calculations support observations that a small (6%) disc volume reduction can result in considerable (9.84%) intradiscal pressure reduction. 27363296 0 25 theme Mechanisms 82:91 arg1 Investigation 61:73 Investigation 61:73 Percutaneous Treatment of Herniated Lumbar Discs with Ozone: Investigation of the Mechanisms of Action. 0:102 Percutaneous Treatment of Herniated Lumbar Discs with Ozone: Investigation of the Mechanisms of Action. 27363296 3 26 dep small 905:909 arg1 % 913:913 6% 912:913 6% 912:913 RESULTS Engineering calculations support observations that a small (6%) disc volume reduction can result in considerable (9.84%) intradiscal pressure reduction. 27363296 0 27 theme Action 96:101 arg1 Mechanisms 82:91 the Mechanisms 78:91 the Mechanisms of Action 78:101 Percutaneous Treatment of Herniated Lumbar Discs with Ozone: Investigation of the Mechanisms of Action. 27363296 3 28 theme volume 921:926 arg1 reduction 928:936 a small (6%) disc volume reduction 903:936 a small (6%) disc volume reduction 903:936 RESULTS Engineering calculations support observations that a small (6%) disc volume reduction can result in considerable (9.84%) intradiscal pressure reduction. 27363296 4 29 theme GAG 1054:1056 arg1 results 1069:1075 GAG ozonolysis results 1054:1075 GAG ozonolysis results 1054:1075 Porcine disc histology and Chinese hamster ovary GAG ozonolysis results showed that administered ozone reacted with and fragmented disc proteoglycans, reducing disc volume through disc dehydration. 27363296 2 30 theme image-guided 682:693 arg1 treatment 720:728 image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment 682:728 image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment 682:728 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 0 31 theme Percutaneous 0:11 arg1 Treatment 13:21 Percutaneous Treatment 0:21 Percutaneous Treatment of Herniated Lumbar Discs with Ozone: Investigation of the Mechanisms of Action. 0:102 Percutaneous Treatment of Herniated Lumbar Discs with Ozone: Investigation of the Mechanisms of Action. 27363296 2 32 located found 547:551 arg1 pulposus 570:577 human nucleus pulposus 556:577 human nucleus pulposus 556:577 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 32 located found 547:551 arg2 GAGs 542:545 GAGs 542:545 GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus 542:577 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 33 theme percutaneous 668:679 arg1 concentrations 650:663 various concentrations 642:663 various concentrations of percutaneous 642:679 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 5 34 theme tumor 1316:1320 arg1 factor 1331:1336 tumor necrosis factor α 1316:1338 tumor necrosis factor α 1316:1338 Cytokine analysis of porcine discs found that each of 4 cytokines measured (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) increased in concentration after 2 wt% ozone treatment. 27363296 5 35 theme discs 1232:1236 arg1 analysis 1212:1219 Cytokine analysis 1203:1219 Cytokine analysis of porcine discs 1203:1236 Cytokine analysis of porcine discs found that each of 4 cytokines measured (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) increased in concentration after 2 wt% ozone treatment. 27363296 2 36 theme hamster 482:488 arg1 line 501:504 a Chinese hamster ovary cell line 472:504 a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus 472:577 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 36 theme hamster 482:488 arg1 similar 516:522 similar 516:522 similar 516:522 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 37 theme ozonolysis 412:421 arg1 experiments 423:433 ozonolysis experiments 412:433 ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus 412:577 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 6 38 theme therapy 1422:1428 arg1 breaks 1430:1435 Oxygen-ozone therapy breaks 1409:1435 Oxygen-ozone therapy breaks 1409:1435 CONCLUSIONS Oxygen-ozone therapy breaks down proteoglycan GAGs that maintain disc osmotic pressure, dehydrating the nucleus pulposus and reducing intervertebral disc volume. 27363296 0 39 theme Lumbar 36:41 arg1 Discs 43:47 Herniated Lumbar Discs 26:47 Herniated Lumbar Discs 26:47 Percutaneous Treatment of Herniated Lumbar Discs with Ozone: Investigation of the Mechanisms of Action. 27363296 3 40 theme intradiscal 973:983 arg1 % 970:970 9.84% 966:970 9.84% 966:970 RESULTS Engineering calculations support observations that a small (6%) disc volume reduction can result in considerable (9.84%) intradiscal pressure reduction. 27363296 3 40 theme intradiscal 973:983 arg1 reduction 994:1002 considerable (9.84%) intradiscal pressure reduction 952:1002 considerable (9.84%) intradiscal pressure reduction 952:1002 RESULTS Engineering calculations support observations that a small (6%) disc volume reduction can result in considerable (9.84%) intradiscal pressure reduction. 27363296 4 41 theme hamster 1040:1046 arg1 ovary 1048:1052 Chinese hamster ovary 1032:1052 Chinese hamster ovary 1032:1052 Porcine disc histology and Chinese hamster ovary GAG ozonolysis results showed that administered ozone reacted with and fragmented disc proteoglycans, reducing disc volume through disc dehydration. 27363296 5 42 theme ozone 1380:1384 arg1 treatment 1386:1394 2 wt% ozone treatment 1374:1394 2 wt% ozone treatment 1374:1394 Cytokine analysis of porcine discs found that each of 4 cytokines measured (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) increased in concentration after 2 wt% ozone treatment. 27363296 5 43 theme Cytokine 1203:1210 arg1 analysis 1212:1219 Cytokine analysis 1203:1219 Cytokine analysis of porcine discs 1203:1236 Cytokine analysis of porcine discs found that each of 4 cytokines measured (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) increased in concentration after 2 wt% ozone treatment. 27363296 2 44 theme disc 339:342 arg1 space 344:348 intervertebral disc space 324:348 intervertebral disc space 324:348 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 45 theme concentrations 828:841 arg1 histology 771:779 histology 771:779 histology 771:779 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 45 theme concentrations 828:841 arg1 analysis 802:809 semiquantitative analysis 785:809 semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations 785:841 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 4 46 theme disc 1013:1016 arg1 histology 1018:1026 Porcine disc histology 1005:1026 Porcine disc histology 1005:1026 Porcine disc histology and Chinese hamster ovary GAG ozonolysis results showed that administered ozone reacted with and fragmented disc proteoglycans, reducing disc volume through disc dehydration. 27363296 5 47 theme wt 1376:1377 arg1 treatment 1386:1394 2 wt% ozone treatment 1374:1394 2 wt% ozone treatment 1374:1394 Cytokine analysis of porcine discs found that each of 4 cytokines measured (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) increased in concentration after 2 wt% ozone treatment. 27363296 6 48 theme osmotic 1479:1485 arg1 pressure 1487:1494 disc osmotic pressure 1474:1494 disc osmotic pressure 1474:1494 CONCLUSIONS Oxygen-ozone therapy breaks down proteoglycan GAGs that maintain disc osmotic pressure, dehydrating the nucleus pulposus and reducing intervertebral disc volume. 27363296 8 49 theme % 1715:1715 arg1 ozone 1717:1721 2 wt% ozone 1711:1721 2 wt% ozone 1711:1721 Additionally, 2 wt% ozone appears to interact with intradiscal cytokines, generating an antiinflammatory response that may contribute to symptom improvement. 27363296 6 50 dep maintain 1465:1472 arg1 reducing 1534:1541 reducing 1534:1541 reducing intervertebral disc volume 1534:1568 CONCLUSIONS Oxygen-ozone therapy breaks down proteoglycan GAGs that maintain disc osmotic pressure, dehydrating the nucleus pulposus and reducing intervertebral disc volume. 27363296 6 50 dep maintain 1465:1472 arg1 dehydrating 1497:1507 dehydrating 1497:1507 dehydrating the nucleus pulposus 1497:1528 CONCLUSIONS Oxygen-ozone therapy breaks down proteoglycan GAGs that maintain disc osmotic pressure, dehydrating the nucleus pulposus and reducing intervertebral disc volume. 27363296 1 51 theme intradiscal 152:162 arg1 therapy 177:183 intradiscal oxygen-ozone therapy 152:183 intradiscal oxygen-ozone therapy for herniated intervertebral disc therapy 152:225 PURPOSE To elucidate the mechanism of action of intradiscal oxygen-ozone therapy for herniated intervertebral disc therapy. 27363296 2 52 theme miniature 618:626 arg1 pigs 628:631 live Yucatan miniature pigs 605:631 live Yucatan miniature pigs 605:631 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 5 53 dep -1β 1295:1297 arg1 factor 1331:1336 tumor necrosis factor α 1316:1338 tumor necrosis factor α 1316:1338 Cytokine analysis of porcine discs found that each of 4 cytokines measured (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) increased in concentration after 2 wt% ozone treatment. 27363296 5 53 dep -1β 1295:1297 arg1 IL-8 1306:1309 IL-8 1306:1309 IL-8 1306:1309 Cytokine analysis of porcine discs found that each of 4 cytokines measured (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) increased in concentration after 2 wt% ozone treatment. 27363296 5 53 dep -1β 1295:1297 arg1 IL-6 1300:1303 IL-6 1300:1303 IL-6 1300:1303 Cytokine analysis of porcine discs found that each of 4 cytokines measured (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) increased in concentration after 2 wt% ozone treatment. 27363296 4 54 theme disc 1185:1188 arg1 dehydration 1190:1200 disc dehydration 1185:1200 disc dehydration 1185:1200 Porcine disc histology and Chinese hamster ovary GAG ozonolysis results showed that administered ozone reacted with and fragmented disc proteoglycans, reducing disc volume through disc dehydration. 27363296 4 55 theme Porcine 1005:1011 arg1 histology 1018:1026 Porcine disc histology 1005:1026 Porcine disc histology 1005:1026 Porcine disc histology and Chinese hamster ovary GAG ozonolysis results showed that administered ozone reacted with and fragmented disc proteoglycans, reducing disc volume through disc dehydration. 27363296 6 56 theme disc 1558:1561 arg1 volume 1563:1568 intervertebral disc volume 1543:1568 intervertebral disc volume 1543:1568 CONCLUSIONS Oxygen-ozone therapy breaks down proteoglycan GAGs that maintain disc osmotic pressure, dehydrating the nucleus pulposus and reducing intervertebral disc volume. 27363296 1 57 theme therapy 177:183 arg1 action 142:147 action 142:147 action of intradiscal oxygen-ozone therapy for herniated intervertebral disc therapy 142:225 PURPOSE To elucidate the mechanism of action of intradiscal oxygen-ozone therapy for herniated intervertebral disc therapy. 27363296 7 58 theme herniated 1668:1676 arg1 pain 1691:1694 herniated disc-related pain 1668:1694 herniated disc-related pain 1668:1694 This is likely a primary mechanism by which ozone relieves nerve root compression and alleviates herniated disc-related pain. 27363296 2 59 theme live 605:608 arg1 pigs 628:631 live Yucatan miniature pigs 605:631 live Yucatan miniature pigs 605:631 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 60 theme disc 814:817 arg1 concentrations 828:841 disc cytokine concentrations 814:841 disc cytokine concentrations 814:841 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 61 theme mathematical 301:312 arg1 models 314:319 mathematical models 301:319 mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus 301:577 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 8 62 theme intradiscal 1748:1758 arg1 cytokines 1760:1768 intradiscal cytokines 1748:1768 intradiscal cytokines 1748:1768 Additionally, 2 wt% ozone appears to interact with intradiscal cytokines, generating an antiinflammatory response that may contribute to symptom improvement. 27363296 1 63 theme herniated 189:197 arg1 therapy 219:225 herniated intervertebral disc therapy 189:225 herniated intervertebral disc therapy 189:225 PURPOSE To elucidate the mechanism of action of intradiscal oxygen-ozone therapy for herniated intervertebral disc therapy. 27363296 1 64 theme disc 214:217 arg1 therapy 219:225 herniated intervertebral disc therapy 189:225 herniated intervertebral disc therapy 189:225 PURPOSE To elucidate the mechanism of action of intradiscal oxygen-ozone therapy for herniated intervertebral disc therapy. 27363296 7 65 theme root 1636:1639 arg1 compression 1641:1651 nerve root compression 1630:1651 nerve root compression 1630:1651 This is likely a primary mechanism by which ozone relieves nerve root compression and alleviates herniated disc-related pain. 27363296 2 66 theme METHODS 228:234 arg1 mechanism 244:252 METHODS Ozone's mechanism 228:252 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action 228:262 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 67 from similar 516:522 arg1 composition 527:537 composition 527:537 composition 527:537 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 68 theme human 556:560 arg1 pulposus 570:577 human nucleus pulposus 556:577 human nucleus pulposus 556:577 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 69 from composition 527:537 arg1 line 501:504 a Chinese hamster ovary cell line 472:504 a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus 472:577 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 69 from composition 527:537 arg1 similar 516:522 similar 516:522 similar 516:522 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 3 70 theme RESULTS 844:850 arg1 calculations 864:875 RESULTS Engineering calculations 844:875 RESULTS Engineering calculations 844:875 RESULTS Engineering calculations support observations that a small (6%) disc volume reduction can result in considerable (9.84%) intradiscal pressure reduction. 27363296 3 71 dep observations 885:896 arg1 result 942:947 result 942:947 can result in considerable (9.84%) intradiscal pressure reduction 938:1002 RESULTS Engineering calculations support observations that a small (6%) disc volume reduction can result in considerable (9.84%) intradiscal pressure reduction. 27363296 5 72 theme [IL 1291:1293 arg1 -1β 1295:1297 interleukin [IL]-1β 1279:1297 interleukin [IL]-1β 1279:1297 Cytokine analysis of porcine discs found that each of 4 cytokines measured (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) increased in concentration after 2 wt% ozone treatment. 27363296 5 72 theme [IL 1291:1293 arg1 cytokines 1259:1267 4 cytokines 1257:1267 4 cytokines measured (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) 1257:1339 Cytokine analysis of porcine discs found that each of 4 cytokines measured (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) increased in concentration after 2 wt% ozone treatment. 27363296 1 73 theme action 142:147 arg1 mechanism 129:137 the mechanism 125:137 the mechanism of action of intradiscal oxygen-ozone therapy for herniated intervertebral disc therapy 125:225 PURPOSE To elucidate the mechanism of action of intradiscal oxygen-ozone therapy for herniated intervertebral disc therapy. 27363296 3 74 theme disc 916:919 arg1 reduction 928:936 a small (6%) disc volume reduction 903:936 a small (6%) disc volume reduction 903:936 RESULTS Engineering calculations support observations that a small (6%) disc volume reduction can result in considerable (9.84%) intradiscal pressure reduction. 27363296 2 75 theme ovary 490:494 arg1 line 501:504 a Chinese hamster ovary cell line 472:504 a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus 472:577 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 75 theme ovary 490:494 arg1 similar 516:522 similar 516:522 similar 516:522 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 76 theme various 642:648 arg1 concentrations 650:663 various concentrations 642:663 various concentrations of percutaneous 642:679 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 77 dep examined 739:746 arg1 sacrifice 755:763 sacrifice 755:763 sacrifice 755:763 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 78 theme intradiscal 695:705 arg1 treatment 720:728 image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment 682:728 image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment 682:728 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 79 theme disc 386:389 arg1 pressure 391:398 disc pressure 386:398 disc pressure 386:398 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 0 80 theme Herniated 26:34 arg1 Discs 43:47 Herniated Lumbar Discs 26:47 Herniated Lumbar Discs 26:47 Percutaneous Treatment of Herniated Lumbar Discs with Ozone: Investigation of the Mechanisms of Action. 27363296 5 81 theme porcine 1224:1230 arg1 discs 1232:1236 porcine discs 1224:1236 porcine discs 1224:1236 Cytokine analysis of porcine discs found that each of 4 cytokines measured (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) increased in concentration after 2 wt% ozone treatment. 27363296 4 82 theme ozonolysis 1058:1067 arg1 results 1069:1075 GAG ozonolysis results 1054:1075 GAG ozonolysis results 1054:1075 Porcine disc histology and Chinese hamster ovary GAG ozonolysis results showed that administered ozone reacted with and fragmented disc proteoglycans, reducing disc volume through disc dehydration. 27363296 5 83 theme necrosis 1322:1329 arg1 factor 1331:1336 tumor necrosis factor α 1316:1338 tumor necrosis factor α 1316:1338 Cytokine analysis of porcine discs found that each of 4 cytokines measured (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) increased in concentration after 2 wt% ozone treatment. 27363296 0 84 theme Discs 43:47 arg1 Treatment 13:21 Percutaneous Treatment 0:21 Percutaneous Treatment of Herniated Lumbar Discs with Ozone: Investigation of the Mechanisms of Action. 0:102 Percutaneous Treatment of Herniated Lumbar Discs with Ozone: Investigation of the Mechanisms of Action. 27363296 3 85 theme considerable 952:963 arg1 % 970:970 9.84% 966:970 9.84% 966:970 RESULTS Engineering calculations support observations that a small (6%) disc volume reduction can result in considerable (9.84%) intradiscal pressure reduction. 27363296 3 85 theme considerable 952:963 arg1 reduction 994:1002 considerable (9.84%) intradiscal pressure reduction 952:1002 considerable (9.84%) intradiscal pressure reduction 952:1002 RESULTS Engineering calculations support observations that a small (6%) disc volume reduction can result in considerable (9.84%) intradiscal pressure reduction. 27363296 2 86 theme Chinese 474:480 arg1 line 501:504 a Chinese hamster ovary cell line 472:504 a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus 472:577 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 86 theme Chinese 474:480 arg1 similar 516:522 similar 516:522 similar 516:522 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 5 87 theme % 1378:1378 arg1 treatment 1386:1394 2 wt% ozone treatment 1374:1394 2 wt% ozone treatment 1374:1394 Cytokine analysis of porcine discs found that each of 4 cytokines measured (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) increased in concentration after 2 wt% ozone treatment. 27363296 6 88 theme Oxygen-ozone 1409:1420 arg1 breaks 1430:1435 Oxygen-ozone therapy breaks 1409:1435 Oxygen-ozone therapy breaks 1409:1435 CONCLUSIONS Oxygen-ozone therapy breaks down proteoglycan GAGs that maintain disc osmotic pressure, dehydrating the nucleus pulposus and reducing intervertebral disc volume. 27363296 3 89 theme pressure 985:992 arg1 % 970:970 9.84% 966:970 9.84% 966:970 RESULTS Engineering calculations support observations that a small (6%) disc volume reduction can result in considerable (9.84%) intradiscal pressure reduction. 27363296 3 89 theme pressure 985:992 arg1 reduction 994:1002 considerable (9.84%) intradiscal pressure reduction 952:1002 considerable (9.84%) intradiscal pressure reduction 952:1002 RESULTS Engineering calculations support observations that a small (6%) disc volume reduction can result in considerable (9.84%) intradiscal pressure reduction. 27363296 4 90 theme Chinese 1032:1038 arg1 ovary 1048:1052 Chinese hamster ovary 1032:1052 Chinese hamster ovary 1032:1052 Porcine disc histology and Chinese hamster ovary GAG ozonolysis results showed that administered ozone reacted with and fragmented disc proteoglycans, reducing disc volume through disc dehydration. 27363296 0 91 with Treatment 13:21 arg1 Ozone 54:58 Ozone 54:58 Ozone 54:58 Percutaneous Treatment of Herniated Lumbar Discs with Ozone: Investigation of the Mechanisms of Action. 27363296 2 92 theme space 344:348 arg1 approaches 289:298 3 approaches 287:298 3 approaches 287:298 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 92 theme space 344:348 arg1 models 314:319 mathematical models 301:319 mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus 301:577 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 92 theme space 344:348 arg1 experiments 584:594 experiments 584:594 experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous 584:679 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 2 92 theme space 344:348 arg1 treatment 720:728 image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment 682:728 image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment 682:728 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 6 93 theme nucleus 1513:1519 arg1 pulposus 1521:1528 the nucleus pulposus 1509:1528 the nucleus pulposus 1509:1528 CONCLUSIONS Oxygen-ozone therapy breaks down proteoglycan GAGs that maintain disc osmotic pressure, dehydrating the nucleus pulposus and reducing intervertebral disc volume. 27363296 2 94 theme intervertebral 324:337 arg1 space 344:348 intervertebral disc space 324:348 intervertebral disc space 324:348 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 0 95 dep Treatment 13:21 arg1 Investigation 61:73 Investigation 61:73 Percutaneous Treatment of Herniated Lumbar Discs with Ozone: Investigation of the Mechanisms of Action. 0:102 Percutaneous Treatment of Herniated Lumbar Discs with Ozone: Investigation of the Mechanisms of Action. 27363296 2 96 theme cytokine 819:826 arg1 concentrations 828:841 disc cytokine concentrations 814:841 disc cytokine concentrations 814:841 METHODS Ozone's mechanism of action was investigated using 3 approaches: mathematical models of intervertebral disc space to explore the relationship between disc pressure and volume; ozonolysis experiments using glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that were similar in composition to GAGs found in human nucleus pulposus; and experiments in which live Yucatan miniature pigs received various concentrations of percutaneous, image-guided intradiscal oxygen-ozone treatment and were examined (after sacrifice) with histology and semiquantitative analysis of disc cytokine concentrations. 27363296 8 97 theme wt 1713:1714 arg1 ozone 1717:1721 2 wt% ozone 1711:1721 2 wt% ozone 1711:1721 Additionally, 2 wt% ozone appears to interact with intradiscal cytokines, generating an antiinflammatory response that may contribute to symptom improvement. 27363296 5 98 theme interleukin 1279:1289 arg1 -1β 1295:1297 interleukin [IL]-1β 1279:1297 interleukin [IL]-1β 1279:1297 Cytokine analysis of porcine discs found that each of 4 cytokines measured (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) increased in concentration after 2 wt% ozone treatment. 27363296 5 98 theme interleukin 1279:1289 arg1 cytokines 1259:1267 4 cytokines 1257:1267 4 cytokines measured (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) 1257:1339 Cytokine analysis of porcine discs found that each of 4 cytokines measured (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) increased in concentration after 2 wt% ozone treatment. 27491298 4 0 theme tagged 896:901 arg1 glycans 903:909 tagged glycans 896:909 tagged glycans from a theoretical library using an in-house program 896:962 This consists of monoisotopic mass extraction followed by peak pair identification of tagged glycans from a theoretical library using an in-house program. 27491298 11 1 theme manual 2219:2224 arg1 validation 2226:2235 manual validation 2219:2235 manual validation 2219:2235 Finally, manual validation and relative quantification was performed in Skyline. 27491298 10 2 theme Graphical 2004:2012 arg1 Workflow 2023:2030 Graphical abstract Workflow 2004:2030 Graphical abstract Workflow for FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling of plant xylem and monolignol proteins 2004:2107 Graphical abstract Workflow for FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling of plant xylem and monolignol proteins followed by INLIGHT tagging with semi-automated identification of glycans by light-heavy peak pairs. 27491298 3 3 with Labeling 723:730 arg1 strategy 779:786 Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags (INLIGHT™) strategy 737:786 Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags (INLIGHT™) strategy 737:786 This study presents a novel workflow for identification of glycans using Individuality Normalization when Labeling with Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags (INLIGHT™) strategy developed in our lab. 27491298 7 4 gly glycosite 1490:1498 arg2 glycosite 1490:1498 deamidation glycosite analysis 1478:1507 deamidation glycosite analysis 1478:1507 Through our workflow, we were able to identify 502 glycosylated proteins including 12 monolignol enzymes and 1 peroxidase (PO) through deamidation glycosite analysis. 27491298 2 5 theme biological 597:606 arg1 systems 608:614 new biological systems 593:614 new biological systems 593:614 One of the unmet needs of the field remains a systematic method for characterization of glycans in new biological systems. 27491298 6 6 theme studied 1230:1236 arg1 plant 1250:1254 a widely studied model woody plant 1221:1254 a widely studied model woody plant 1221:1254 These studies were performed in the biological context of studying the N-linked glycome of differentiating xylem of the poplar tree, a widely studied model woody plant, particularly with respect to understanding lignin biosynthesis during wood formation. 27491298 6 6 theme studied 1230:1236 arg1 xylem 1195:1199 differentiating xylem 1179:1199 differentiating xylem of the poplar tree 1179:1218 These studies were performed in the biological context of studying the N-linked glycome of differentiating xylem of the poplar tree, a widely studied model woody plant, particularly with respect to understanding lignin biosynthesis during wood formation. 27491298 3 7 theme Hydrazide 753:761 arg1 INLIGHT™ 769:776 INLIGHT™ 769:776 INLIGHT™ 769:776 This study presents a novel workflow for identification of glycans using Individuality Normalization when Labeling with Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags (INLIGHT™) strategy developed in our lab. 27491298 3 7 theme Hydrazide 753:761 arg1 Tags 763:766 Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags 737:766 Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags (INLIGHT™) strategy 737:786 This study presents a novel workflow for identification of glycans using Individuality Normalization when Labeling with Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags (INLIGHT™) strategy developed in our lab. 27491298 6 8 theme wood 1327:1330 arg1 formation 1332:1340 wood formation 1327:1340 wood formation 1327:1340 These studies were performed in the biological context of studying the N-linked glycome of differentiating xylem of the poplar tree, a widely studied model woody plant, particularly with respect to understanding lignin biosynthesis during wood formation. 27491298 4 9 theme peak 868:871 arg1 identification 878:891 peak pair identification 868:891 peak pair identification of tagged glycans from a theoretical library using an in-house program 868:962 This consists of monoisotopic mass extraction followed by peak pair identification of tagged glycans from a theoretical library using an in-house program. 27491298 0 10 link N-linked 0:7 arg1 profiling 19:27 N-linked glycosite profiling 0:27 N-linked glycosite profiling 0:27 N-linked glycosite profiling and use of Skyline as a platform for characterization and relative quantification of glycans in differentiating xylem of Populus trichocarpa. 27491298 3 11 theme Isotopic 737:744 arg1 INLIGHT™ 769:776 INLIGHT™ 769:776 INLIGHT™ 769:776 This study presents a novel workflow for identification of glycans using Individuality Normalization when Labeling with Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags (INLIGHT™) strategy developed in our lab. 27491298 3 11 theme Isotopic 737:744 arg1 Tags 763:766 Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags 737:766 Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags (INLIGHT™) strategy 737:786 This study presents a novel workflow for identification of glycans using Individuality Normalization when Labeling with Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags (INLIGHT™) strategy developed in our lab. 27491298 1 12 theme biological 473:482 arg1 function 484:491 biological function 473:491 biological function 473:491 Our greater understanding of the importance of N-linked glycosylation in biological systems has spawned the field of glycomics and development of analytical tools to address the many challenges regarding our ability to characterize and quantify this complex and important modification as it relates to biological function. 27491298 1 13 theme greater 175:181 arg1 understanding 183:195 Our greater understanding 171:195 Our greater understanding of the importance of N-linked glycosylation in biological systems 171:261 Our greater understanding of the importance of N-linked glycosylation in biological systems has spawned the field of glycomics and development of analytical tools to address the many challenges regarding our ability to characterize and quantify this complex and important modification as it relates to biological function. 27491298 6 14 theme tree 1215:1218 arg1 plant 1250:1254 a widely studied model woody plant 1221:1254 a widely studied model woody plant 1221:1254 These studies were performed in the biological context of studying the N-linked glycome of differentiating xylem of the poplar tree, a widely studied model woody plant, particularly with respect to understanding lignin biosynthesis during wood formation. 27491298 6 14 theme tree 1215:1218 arg1 xylem 1195:1199 differentiating xylem 1179:1199 differentiating xylem of the poplar tree 1179:1218 These studies were performed in the biological context of studying the N-linked glycome of differentiating xylem of the poplar tree, a widely studied model woody plant, particularly with respect to understanding lignin biosynthesis during wood formation. 27491298 7 15 gly glycosylated 1394:1405 arg1 proteins 1407:1414 502 glycosylated proteins 1390:1414 502 glycosylated proteins including 12 monolignol enzymes and 1 peroxidase (PO) 1390:1468 Through our workflow, we were able to identify 502 glycosylated proteins including 12 monolignol enzymes and 1 peroxidase (PO) through deamidation glycosite analysis. 27491298 7 15 gly glycosylated 1394:1405 arg1 enzymes 1440:1446 12 monolignol enzymes 1426:1446 12 monolignol enzymes 1426:1446 Through our workflow, we were able to identify 502 glycosylated proteins including 12 monolignol enzymes and 1 peroxidase (PO) through deamidation glycosite analysis. 27491298 7 15 gly glycosylated 1394:1405 arg1 peroxidase 1454:1463 1 peroxidase 1452:1463 1 peroxidase (PO) 1452:1468 Through our workflow, we were able to identify 502 glycosylated proteins including 12 monolignol enzymes and 1 peroxidase (PO) through deamidation glycosite analysis. 27491298 4 16 theme in-house 947:954 arg1 program 956:962 an in-house program 944:962 an in-house program 944:962 This consists of monoisotopic mass extraction followed by peak pair identification of tagged glycans from a theoretical library using an in-house program. 27491298 10 17 theme plant 2073:2077 arg1 xylem 2079:2083 plant xylem and monolignol proteins 2073:2107 xylem 2079:2083 Graphical abstract Workflow for FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling of plant xylem and monolignol proteins followed by INLIGHT tagging with semi-automated identification of glycans by light-heavy peak pairs. 27491298 0 18 theme glycans 114:120 arg1 characterization 66:81 characterization 66:81 characterization 66:81 N-linked glycosite profiling and use of Skyline as a platform for characterization and relative quantification of glycans in differentiating xylem of Populus trichocarpa. 27491298 0 18 theme glycans 114:120 arg1 quantification 96:109 relative quantification 87:109 relative quantification 87:109 N-linked glycosite profiling and use of Skyline as a platform for characterization and relative quantification of glycans in differentiating xylem of Populus trichocarpa. 27491298 1 19 theme importance 204:213 arg1 understanding 183:195 Our greater understanding 171:195 Our greater understanding of the importance of N-linked glycosylation in biological systems 171:261 Our greater understanding of the importance of N-linked glycosylation in biological systems has spawned the field of glycomics and development of analytical tools to address the many challenges regarding our ability to characterize and quantify this complex and important modification as it relates to biological function. 27491298 2 20 theme systematic 540:549 arg1 method 551:556 a systematic method 538:556 a systematic method for characterization of glycans in new biological systems 538:614 One of the unmet needs of the field remains a systematic method for characterization of glycans in new biological systems. 27491298 8 21 theme potential 1674:1682 arg1 glycans 1684:1690 1573 potential glycans 1669:1690 1573 potential glycans 1669:1690 Finally, our novel semi-automated workflow allowed for rapid identification of 27 glycans by intact mass and by NAT/SIL peak pairing from a library containing 1573 potential glycans, eliminating the need for extensive manual analysis. 27491298 1 22 theme N-linked 218:225 arg1 glycosylation 227:239 N-linked glycosylation 218:239 N-linked glycosylation 218:239 Our greater understanding of the importance of N-linked glycosylation in biological systems has spawned the field of glycomics and development of analytical tools to address the many challenges regarding our ability to characterize and quantify this complex and important modification as it relates to biological function. 27491298 4 23 theme theoretical 918:928 arg1 library 930:936 a theoretical library 916:936 a theoretical library using an in-house program 916:962 This consists of monoisotopic mass extraction followed by peak pair identification of tagged glycans from a theoretical library using an in-house program. 27491298 10 24 theme proteins 2100:2107 arg1 Workflow 2023:2030 Graphical abstract Workflow 2004:2030 Graphical abstract Workflow for FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling of plant xylem and monolignol proteins 2004:2107 Graphical abstract Workflow for FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling of plant xylem and monolignol proteins followed by INLIGHT tagging with semi-automated identification of glycans by light-heavy peak pairs. 27491298 1 25 from systems 255:261 arg1 understanding 183:195 Our greater understanding 171:195 Our greater understanding of the importance of N-linked glycosylation in biological systems 171:261 Our greater understanding of the importance of N-linked glycosylation in biological systems has spawned the field of glycomics and development of analytical tools to address the many challenges regarding our ability to characterize and quantify this complex and important modification as it relates to biological function. 27491298 1 26 theme complex 421:427 arg1 modification 443:454 this complex and important modification 416:454 this complex and important modification as it relates to biological function 416:491 Our greater understanding of the importance of N-linked glycosylation in biological systems has spawned the field of glycomics and development of analytical tools to address the many challenges regarding our ability to characterize and quantify this complex and important modification as it relates to biological function. 27491298 10 27 theme semi-automated 2142:2155 arg1 identification 2157:2170 semi-automated identification 2142:2170 semi-automated identification of glycans 2142:2181 Graphical abstract Workflow for FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling of plant xylem and monolignol proteins followed by INLIGHT tagging with semi-automated identification of glycans by light-heavy peak pairs. 27491298 0 28 theme trichocarpa 158:168 arg1 xylem 141:145 xylem 141:145 xylem of Populus trichocarpa 141:168 N-linked glycosite profiling and use of Skyline as a platform for characterization and relative quantification of glycans in differentiating xylem of Populus trichocarpa. 27491298 1 29 theme important 433:441 arg1 modification 443:454 this complex and important modification 416:454 this complex and important modification as it relates to biological function 416:491 Our greater understanding of the importance of N-linked glycosylation in biological systems has spawned the field of glycomics and development of analytical tools to address the many challenges regarding our ability to characterize and quantify this complex and important modification as it relates to biological function. 27491298 7 30 theme deamidation 1478:1488 arg1 analysis 1500:1507 deamidation glycosite analysis 1478:1507 deamidation glycosite analysis 1478:1507 Through our workflow, we were able to identify 502 glycosylated proteins including 12 monolignol enzymes and 1 peroxidase (PO) through deamidation glycosite analysis. 27491298 1 31 from understanding 183:195 arg1 systems 255:261 biological systems 244:261 biological systems 244:261 Our greater understanding of the importance of N-linked glycosylation in biological systems has spawned the field of glycomics and development of analytical tools to address the many challenges regarding our ability to characterize and quantify this complex and important modification as it relates to biological function. 27491298 11 32 theme relative 2241:2248 arg1 quantification 2250:2263 relative quantification 2241:2263 relative quantification 2241:2263 Finally, manual validation and relative quantification was performed in Skyline. 27491298 8 33 theme semi-automated 1529:1542 arg1 workflow 1544:1551 our novel semi-automated workflow 1519:1551 our novel semi-automated workflow 1519:1551 Finally, our novel semi-automated workflow allowed for rapid identification of 27 glycans by intact mass and by NAT/SIL peak pairing from a library containing 1573 potential glycans, eliminating the need for extensive manual analysis. 27491298 6 34 theme woody 1244:1248 arg1 plant 1250:1254 a widely studied model woody plant 1221:1254 a widely studied model woody plant 1221:1254 These studies were performed in the biological context of studying the N-linked glycome of differentiating xylem of the poplar tree, a widely studied model woody plant, particularly with respect to understanding lignin biosynthesis during wood formation. 27491298 6 34 theme woody 1244:1248 arg1 xylem 1195:1199 differentiating xylem 1179:1199 differentiating xylem of the poplar tree 1179:1218 These studies were performed in the biological context of studying the N-linked glycome of differentiating xylem of the poplar tree, a widely studied model woody plant, particularly with respect to understanding lignin biosynthesis during wood formation. 27491298 10 35 theme INLIGHT 2121:2127 arg1 tagging 2129:2135 INLIGHT tagging 2121:2135 INLIGHT tagging with semi-automated identification of glycans 2121:2181 Graphical abstract Workflow for FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling of plant xylem and monolignol proteins followed by INLIGHT tagging with semi-automated identification of glycans by light-heavy peak pairs. 27491298 1 36 theme many 349:352 arg1 challenges 354:363 the many challenges 345:363 the many challenges regarding our ability to characterize and quantify this complex and important modification as it relates to biological function 345:491 Our greater understanding of the importance of N-linked glycosylation in biological systems has spawned the field of glycomics and development of analytical tools to address the many challenges regarding our ability to characterize and quantify this complex and important modification as it relates to biological function. 27491298 2 37 theme new 593:595 arg1 systems 608:614 new biological systems 593:614 new biological systems 593:614 One of the unmet needs of the field remains a systematic method for characterization of glycans in new biological systems. 27491298 9 38 theme quantitative 1848:1859 arg1 measurements 1861:1872 quantitative measurements 1848:1872 quantitative measurements over current processing tools which we attribute to superior algorithms correction for baseline variation and MS1 peak filtering 1848:2001 Implementing Skyline for relative glycan quantification allowed for improved accuracy and precision of quantitative measurements over current processing tools which we attribute to superior algorithms correction for baseline variation and MS1 peak filtering. 27491298 8 39 theme rapid 1565:1569 arg1 identification 1571:1584 rapid identification 1565:1584 rapid identification of 27 glycans 1565:1598 Finally, our novel semi-automated workflow allowed for rapid identification of 27 glycans by intact mass and by NAT/SIL peak pairing from a library containing 1573 potential glycans, eliminating the need for extensive manual analysis. 27491298 4 40 from identification 878:891 arg1 library 930:936 a theoretical library 916:936 a theoretical library using an in-house program 916:962 This consists of monoisotopic mass extraction followed by peak pair identification of tagged glycans from a theoretical library using an in-house program. 27491298 6 41 theme biological 1124:1133 arg1 context 1135:1141 the biological context 1120:1141 the biological context of studying the N-linked glycome of differentiating xylem of the poplar tree, a widely studied model woody plant, particularly with respect to understanding lignin biosynthesis during wood formation 1120:1340 These studies were performed in the biological context of studying the N-linked glycome of differentiating xylem of the poplar tree, a widely studied model woody plant, particularly with respect to understanding lignin biosynthesis during wood formation. 27491298 9 42 theme processing 1887:1896 arg1 tools 1898:1902 current processing tools 1879:1902 current processing tools which we attribute to superior algorithms correction for baseline variation and MS1 peak filtering 1879:2001 Implementing Skyline for relative glycan quantification allowed for improved accuracy and precision of quantitative measurements over current processing tools which we attribute to superior algorithms correction for baseline variation and MS1 peak filtering. 27491298 8 43 theme glycans 1592:1598 arg1 identification 1571:1584 rapid identification 1565:1584 rapid identification of 27 glycans 1565:1598 Finally, our novel semi-automated workflow allowed for rapid identification of 27 glycans by intact mass and by NAT/SIL peak pairing from a library containing 1573 potential glycans, eliminating the need for extensive manual analysis. 27491298 10 44 theme glycosite 2050:2058 arg1 profiling 2060:2068 FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling 2036:2068 FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling 2036:2068 Graphical abstract Workflow for FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling of plant xylem and monolignol proteins followed by INLIGHT tagging with semi-automated identification of glycans by light-heavy peak pairs. 27491298 0 45 theme N-linked 0:7 arg1 profiling 19:27 N-linked glycosite profiling 0:27 N-linked glycosite profiling 0:27 N-linked glycosite profiling and use of Skyline as a platform for characterization and relative quantification of glycans in differentiating xylem of Populus trichocarpa. 27491298 10 46 with tagging 2129:2135 arg1 identification 2157:2170 semi-automated identification 2142:2170 semi-automated identification of glycans 2142:2181 Graphical abstract Workflow for FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling of plant xylem and monolignol proteins followed by INLIGHT tagging with semi-automated identification of glycans by light-heavy peak pairs. 27491298 8 47 theme intact 1603:1608 arg1 mass 1610:1613 intact mass 1603:1613 intact mass 1603:1613 Finally, our novel semi-automated workflow allowed for rapid identification of 27 glycans by intact mass and by NAT/SIL peak pairing from a library containing 1573 potential glycans, eliminating the need for extensive manual analysis. 27491298 2 48 from systems 608:614 arg1 characterization 562:577 characterization 562:577 characterization of glycans in new biological systems 562:614 One of the unmet needs of the field remains a systematic method for characterization of glycans in new biological systems. 27491298 4 49 theme mass 840:843 arg1 extraction 845:854 monoisotopic mass extraction 827:854 monoisotopic mass extraction followed by peak pair identification of tagged glycans from a theoretical library using an in-house program 827:962 This consists of monoisotopic mass extraction followed by peak pair identification of tagged glycans from a theoretical library using an in-house program. 27491298 0 50 gly glycosite 9:17 arg2 glycosite 9:17 N-linked glycosite profiling 0:27 N-linked glycosite profiling 0:27 N-linked glycosite profiling and use of Skyline as a platform for characterization and relative quantification of glycans in differentiating xylem of Populus trichocarpa. 27491298 9 51 theme superior 1926:1933 arg1 algorithms 1935:1944 superior algorithms 1926:1944 superior algorithms 1926:1944 Implementing Skyline for relative glycan quantification allowed for improved accuracy and precision of quantitative measurements over current processing tools which we attribute to superior algorithms correction for baseline variation and MS1 peak filtering. 27491298 8 52 theme NAT/SIL 1622:1628 arg1 pairing 1635:1641 NAT/SIL peak pairing 1622:1641 NAT/SIL peak pairing from a library containing 1573 potential glycans 1622:1690 Finally, our novel semi-automated workflow allowed for rapid identification of 27 glycans by intact mass and by NAT/SIL peak pairing from a library containing 1573 potential glycans, eliminating the need for extensive manual analysis. 27491298 10 53 theme FANGS-INLIGHT 2036:2048 arg1 profiling 2060:2068 FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling 2036:2068 FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling 2036:2068 Graphical abstract Workflow for FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling of plant xylem and monolignol proteins followed by INLIGHT tagging with semi-automated identification of glycans by light-heavy peak pairs. 27491298 0 54 theme Skyline 40:46 arg1 profiling 19:27 N-linked glycosite profiling 0:27 N-linked glycosite profiling 0:27 N-linked glycosite profiling and use of Skyline as a platform for characterization and relative quantification of glycans in differentiating xylem of Populus trichocarpa. 27491298 0 54 theme Skyline 40:46 arg1 use 33:35 use 33:35 use of Skyline as a platform for characterization and relative quantification of glycans in differentiating xylem of Populus trichocarpa 33:168 N-linked glycosite profiling and use of Skyline as a platform for characterization and relative quantification of glycans in differentiating xylem of Populus trichocarpa. 27491298 1 55 theme tools 328:332 arg1 field 279:283 the field 275:283 the field of glycomics and development of analytical tools 275:332 Our greater understanding of the importance of N-linked glycosylation in biological systems has spawned the field of glycomics and development of analytical tools to address the many challenges regarding our ability to characterize and quantify this complex and important modification as it relates to biological function. 27491298 6 56 theme differentiating 1179:1193 arg1 plant 1250:1254 a widely studied model woody plant 1221:1254 a widely studied model woody plant 1221:1254 These studies were performed in the biological context of studying the N-linked glycome of differentiating xylem of the poplar tree, a widely studied model woody plant, particularly with respect to understanding lignin biosynthesis during wood formation. 27491298 6 56 theme differentiating 1179:1193 arg1 xylem 1195:1199 differentiating xylem 1179:1199 differentiating xylem of the poplar tree 1179:1218 These studies were performed in the biological context of studying the N-linked glycome of differentiating xylem of the poplar tree, a widely studied model woody plant, particularly with respect to understanding lignin biosynthesis during wood formation. 27491298 7 57 theme glycosylated 1394:1405 arg1 proteins 1407:1414 502 glycosylated proteins 1390:1414 502 glycosylated proteins including 12 monolignol enzymes and 1 peroxidase (PO) 1390:1468 Through our workflow, we were able to identify 502 glycosylated proteins including 12 monolignol enzymes and 1 peroxidase (PO) through deamidation glycosite analysis. 27491298 7 57 theme glycosylated 1394:1405 arg1 enzymes 1440:1446 12 monolignol enzymes 1426:1446 12 monolignol enzymes 1426:1446 Through our workflow, we were able to identify 502 glycosylated proteins including 12 monolignol enzymes and 1 peroxidase (PO) through deamidation glycosite analysis. 27491298 7 57 theme glycosylated 1394:1405 arg1 peroxidase 1454:1463 1 peroxidase 1452:1463 1 peroxidase (PO) 1452:1468 Through our workflow, we were able to identify 502 glycosylated proteins including 12 monolignol enzymes and 1 peroxidase (PO) through deamidation glycosite analysis. 27491298 3 58 theme Individuality 690:702 arg1 Normalization 704:716 Individuality Normalization 690:716 Individuality Normalization 690:716 This study presents a novel workflow for identification of glycans using Individuality Normalization when Labeling with Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags (INLIGHT™) strategy developed in our lab. 27491298 5 59 theme tool 1074:1077 arg1 Skyline 1079:1085 the freely available bioinformatics tool Skyline 1038:1085 the freely available bioinformatics tool Skyline 1038:1085 Identification and relative quantification could then be performed using the freely available bioinformatics tool Skyline. 27491298 1 60 theme glycosylation 227:239 arg1 importance 204:213 the importance 200:213 the importance of N-linked glycosylation in biological systems 200:261 Our greater understanding of the importance of N-linked glycosylation in biological systems has spawned the field of glycomics and development of analytical tools to address the many challenges regarding our ability to characterize and quantify this complex and important modification as it relates to biological function. 27491298 2 61 dep unmet 505:509 arg1 needs 511:515 needs 511:515 needs 511:515 One of the unmet needs of the field remains a systematic method for characterization of glycans in new biological systems. 27491298 9 62 theme baseline 1961:1968 arg1 variation 1970:1978 baseline variation 1961:1978 baseline variation 1961:1978 Implementing Skyline for relative glycan quantification allowed for improved accuracy and precision of quantitative measurements over current processing tools which we attribute to superior algorithms correction for baseline variation and MS1 peak filtering. 27491298 3 63 theme glycans 676:682 arg1 identification 658:671 identification 658:671 identification of glycans using Individuality Normalization 658:716 This study presents a novel workflow for identification of glycans using Individuality Normalization when Labeling with Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags (INLIGHT™) strategy developed in our lab. 27491298 1 64 theme biological 244:253 arg1 systems 255:261 biological systems 244:261 biological systems 244:261 Our greater understanding of the importance of N-linked glycosylation in biological systems has spawned the field of glycomics and development of analytical tools to address the many challenges regarding our ability to characterize and quantify this complex and important modification as it relates to biological function. 27491298 5 65 theme available 1049:1057 arg1 Skyline 1079:1085 the freely available bioinformatics tool Skyline 1038:1085 the freely available bioinformatics tool Skyline 1038:1085 Identification and relative quantification could then be performed using the freely available bioinformatics tool Skyline. 27491298 10 66 theme abstract 2014:2021 arg1 Workflow 2023:2030 Graphical abstract Workflow 2004:2030 Graphical abstract Workflow for FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling of plant xylem and monolignol proteins 2004:2107 Graphical abstract Workflow for FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling of plant xylem and monolignol proteins followed by INLIGHT tagging with semi-automated identification of glycans by light-heavy peak pairs. 27491298 8 67 theme manual 1728:1733 arg1 analysis 1735:1742 extensive manual analysis 1718:1742 extensive manual analysis 1718:1742 Finally, our novel semi-automated workflow allowed for rapid identification of 27 glycans by intact mass and by NAT/SIL peak pairing from a library containing 1573 potential glycans, eliminating the need for extensive manual analysis. 27491298 9 68 theme peak 1988:1991 arg1 filtering 1993:2001 peak filtering 1988:2001 peak filtering 1988:2001 Implementing Skyline for relative glycan quantification allowed for improved accuracy and precision of quantitative measurements over current processing tools which we attribute to superior algorithms correction for baseline variation and MS1 peak filtering. 27491298 2 69 from characterization 562:577 arg1 systems 608:614 new biological systems 593:614 new biological systems 593:614 One of the unmet needs of the field remains a systematic method for characterization of glycans in new biological systems. 27491298 4 70 theme glycans 903:909 arg1 identification 878:891 peak pair identification 868:891 peak pair identification of tagged glycans from a theoretical library using an in-house program 868:962 This consists of monoisotopic mass extraction followed by peak pair identification of tagged glycans from a theoretical library using an in-house program. 27491298 7 71 theme glycosite 1490:1498 arg1 analysis 1500:1507 deamidation glycosite analysis 1478:1507 deamidation glycosite analysis 1478:1507 Through our workflow, we were able to identify 502 glycosylated proteins including 12 monolignol enzymes and 1 peroxidase (PO) through deamidation glycosite analysis. 27491298 2 72 from glycans 582:588 arg1 systems 608:614 new biological systems 593:614 new biological systems 593:614 One of the unmet needs of the field remains a systematic method for characterization of glycans in new biological systems. 27491298 3 73 theme Tags 763:766 arg1 strategy 779:786 Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags (INLIGHT™) strategy 737:786 Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags (INLIGHT™) strategy 737:786 This study presents a novel workflow for identification of glycans using Individuality Normalization when Labeling with Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags (INLIGHT™) strategy developed in our lab. 27491298 3 74 theme Glycan 746:751 arg1 INLIGHT™ 769:776 INLIGHT™ 769:776 INLIGHT™ 769:776 This study presents a novel workflow for identification of glycans using Individuality Normalization when Labeling with Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags (INLIGHT™) strategy developed in our lab. 27491298 3 74 theme Glycan 746:751 arg1 Tags 763:766 Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags 737:766 Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags (INLIGHT™) strategy 737:786 This study presents a novel workflow for identification of glycans using Individuality Normalization when Labeling with Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags (INLIGHT™) strategy developed in our lab. 27491298 6 75 theme lignin 1300:1305 arg1 biosynthesis 1307:1318 lignin biosynthesis 1300:1318 lignin biosynthesis 1300:1318 These studies were performed in the biological context of studying the N-linked glycome of differentiating xylem of the poplar tree, a widely studied model woody plant, particularly with respect to understanding lignin biosynthesis during wood formation. 27491298 4 76 theme pair 873:876 arg1 identification 878:891 peak pair identification 868:891 peak pair identification of tagged glycans from a theoretical library using an in-house program 868:962 This consists of monoisotopic mass extraction followed by peak pair identification of tagged glycans from a theoretical library using an in-house program. 27491298 6 77 theme poplar 1208:1213 arg1 tree 1215:1218 the poplar tree 1204:1218 the poplar tree 1204:1218 These studies were performed in the biological context of studying the N-linked glycome of differentiating xylem of the poplar tree, a widely studied model woody plant, particularly with respect to understanding lignin biosynthesis during wood formation. 27491298 10 78 theme xylem 2079:2083 arg1 Workflow 2023:2030 Graphical abstract Workflow 2004:2030 Graphical abstract Workflow for FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling of plant xylem and monolignol proteins 2004:2107 Graphical abstract Workflow for FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling of plant xylem and monolignol proteins followed by INLIGHT tagging with semi-automated identification of glycans by light-heavy peak pairs. 27491298 8 79 from library 1650:1656 arg1 pairing 1635:1641 NAT/SIL peak pairing 1622:1641 NAT/SIL peak pairing from a library containing 1573 potential glycans 1622:1690 Finally, our novel semi-automated workflow allowed for rapid identification of 27 glycans by intact mass and by NAT/SIL peak pairing from a library containing 1573 potential glycans, eliminating the need for extensive manual analysis. 27491298 9 80 theme glycan 1779:1784 arg1 quantification 1786:1799 relative glycan quantification 1770:1799 relative glycan quantification allowed for improved accuracy and precision of quantitative measurements over current processing tools which we attribute to superior algorithms correction for baseline variation and MS1 peak filtering 1770:2001 Implementing Skyline for relative glycan quantification allowed for improved accuracy and precision of quantitative measurements over current processing tools which we attribute to superior algorithms correction for baseline variation and MS1 peak filtering. 27491298 0 81 theme Populus 150:156 arg1 trichocarpa 158:168 Populus trichocarpa 150:168 Populus trichocarpa 150:168 N-linked glycosite profiling and use of Skyline as a platform for characterization and relative quantification of glycans in differentiating xylem of Populus trichocarpa. 27491298 10 82 gly glycosite 2050:2058 arg2 glycosite 2050:2058 FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling 2036:2068 FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling 2036:2068 Graphical abstract Workflow for FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling of plant xylem and monolignol proteins followed by INLIGHT tagging with semi-automated identification of glycans by light-heavy peak pairs. 27491298 2 83 theme glycans 582:588 arg1 characterization 562:577 characterization 562:577 characterization of glycans in new biological systems 562:614 One of the unmet needs of the field remains a systematic method for characterization of glycans in new biological systems. 27491298 8 84 theme novel 1523:1527 arg1 workflow 1544:1551 our novel semi-automated workflow 1519:1551 our novel semi-automated workflow 1519:1551 Finally, our novel semi-automated workflow allowed for rapid identification of 27 glycans by intact mass and by NAT/SIL peak pairing from a library containing 1573 potential glycans, eliminating the need for extensive manual analysis. 27491298 7 85 theme monolignol 1429:1438 arg1 enzymes 1440:1446 12 monolignol enzymes 1426:1446 12 monolignol enzymes 1426:1446 Through our workflow, we were able to identify 502 glycosylated proteins including 12 monolignol enzymes and 1 peroxidase (PO) through deamidation glycosite analysis. 27491298 10 86 theme monolignol 2089:2098 arg1 proteins 2100:2107 plant xylem and monolignol proteins 2073:2107 proteins 2100:2107 Graphical abstract Workflow for FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling of plant xylem and monolignol proteins followed by INLIGHT tagging with semi-automated identification of glycans by light-heavy peak pairs. 27491298 4 87 from library 930:936 arg1 identification 878:891 peak pair identification 868:891 peak pair identification of tagged glycans from a theoretical library using an in-house program 868:962 This consists of monoisotopic mass extraction followed by peak pair identification of tagged glycans from a theoretical library using an in-house program. 27491298 4 87 from library 930:936 arg1 glycans 903:909 tagged glycans 896:909 tagged glycans from a theoretical library using an in-house program 896:962 This consists of monoisotopic mass extraction followed by peak pair identification of tagged glycans from a theoretical library using an in-house program. 27491298 1 88 from importance 204:213 arg1 systems 255:261 biological systems 244:261 biological systems 244:261 Our greater understanding of the importance of N-linked glycosylation in biological systems has spawned the field of glycomics and development of analytical tools to address the many challenges regarding our ability to characterize and quantify this complex and important modification as it relates to biological function. 27491298 9 89 theme improved 1813:1820 arg1 accuracy 1822:1829 improved accuracy 1813:1829 improved accuracy 1813:1829 Implementing Skyline for relative glycan quantification allowed for improved accuracy and precision of quantitative measurements over current processing tools which we attribute to superior algorithms correction for baseline variation and MS1 peak filtering. 27491298 2 90 theme unmet 505:509 arg1 unmet 505:509 unmet 505:509 unmet 505:509 One of the unmet needs of the field remains a systematic method for characterization of glycans in new biological systems. 27491298 2 90 theme unmet 505:509 arg1 One 494:496 One 494:496 One 494:496 One of the unmet needs of the field remains a systematic method for characterization of glycans in new biological systems. 27491298 6 91 theme model 1238:1242 arg1 plant 1250:1254 a widely studied model woody plant 1221:1254 a widely studied model woody plant 1221:1254 These studies were performed in the biological context of studying the N-linked glycome of differentiating xylem of the poplar tree, a widely studied model woody plant, particularly with respect to understanding lignin biosynthesis during wood formation. 27491298 6 91 theme model 1238:1242 arg1 xylem 1195:1199 differentiating xylem 1179:1199 differentiating xylem of the poplar tree 1179:1218 These studies were performed in the biological context of studying the N-linked glycome of differentiating xylem of the poplar tree, a widely studied model woody plant, particularly with respect to understanding lignin biosynthesis during wood formation. 27491298 9 92 theme measurements 1861:1872 arg1 precision 1835:1843 precision 1835:1843 precision 1835:1843 Implementing Skyline for relative glycan quantification allowed for improved accuracy and precision of quantitative measurements over current processing tools which we attribute to superior algorithms correction for baseline variation and MS1 peak filtering. 27491298 9 92 theme measurements 1861:1872 arg1 accuracy 1822:1829 improved accuracy 1813:1829 improved accuracy 1813:1829 Implementing Skyline for relative glycan quantification allowed for improved accuracy and precision of quantitative measurements over current processing tools which we attribute to superior algorithms correction for baseline variation and MS1 peak filtering. 27491298 1 93 link N-linked 218:225 arg1 glycosylation 227:239 N-linked glycosylation 218:239 N-linked glycosylation 218:239 Our greater understanding of the importance of N-linked glycosylation in biological systems has spawned the field of glycomics and development of analytical tools to address the many challenges regarding our ability to characterize and quantify this complex and important modification as it relates to biological function. 27491298 10 94 theme glycans 2175:2181 arg1 identification 2157:2170 semi-automated identification 2142:2170 semi-automated identification of glycans 2142:2181 Graphical abstract Workflow for FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling of plant xylem and monolignol proteins followed by INLIGHT tagging with semi-automated identification of glycans by light-heavy peak pairs. 27491298 0 95 theme relative 87:94 arg1 quantification 96:109 relative quantification 87:109 relative quantification 87:109 N-linked glycosite profiling and use of Skyline as a platform for characterization and relative quantification of glycans in differentiating xylem of Populus trichocarpa. 27491298 9 96 dep variation 1970:1978 arg1 filtering 1993:2001 peak filtering 1988:2001 peak filtering 1988:2001 Implementing Skyline for relative glycan quantification allowed for improved accuracy and precision of quantitative measurements over current processing tools which we attribute to superior algorithms correction for baseline variation and MS1 peak filtering. 27491298 2 97 theme field 524:528 arg1 unmet 505:509 unmet 505:509 unmet 505:509 One of the unmet needs of the field remains a systematic method for characterization of glycans in new biological systems. 27491298 10 98 theme peak 2198:2201 arg1 pairs 2203:2207 light-heavy peak pairs 2186:2207 light-heavy peak pairs 2186:2207 Graphical abstract Workflow for FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling of plant xylem and monolignol proteins followed by INLIGHT tagging with semi-automated identification of glycans by light-heavy peak pairs. 27491298 9 99 theme current 1879:1885 arg1 tools 1898:1902 current processing tools 1879:1902 current processing tools which we attribute to superior algorithms correction for baseline variation and MS1 peak filtering 1879:2001 Implementing Skyline for relative glycan quantification allowed for improved accuracy and precision of quantitative measurements over current processing tools which we attribute to superior algorithms correction for baseline variation and MS1 peak filtering. 27491298 8 100 contain containing 1658:1667 arg2 glycans 1684:1690 1573 potential glycans 1669:1690 1573 potential glycans 1669:1690 Finally, our novel semi-automated workflow allowed for rapid identification of 27 glycans by intact mass and by NAT/SIL peak pairing from a library containing 1573 potential glycans, eliminating the need for extensive manual analysis. 27491298 8 100 contain containing 1658:1667 arg1 library 1650:1656 a library 1648:1656 a library containing 1573 potential glycans 1648:1690 Finally, our novel semi-automated workflow allowed for rapid identification of 27 glycans by intact mass and by NAT/SIL peak pairing from a library containing 1573 potential glycans, eliminating the need for extensive manual analysis. 27491298 0 101 theme glycosite 9:17 arg1 profiling 19:27 N-linked glycosite profiling 0:27 N-linked glycosite profiling 0:27 N-linked glycosite profiling and use of Skyline as a platform for characterization and relative quantification of glycans in differentiating xylem of Populus trichocarpa. 27491298 9 102 theme relative 1770:1777 arg1 quantification 1786:1799 relative glycan quantification 1770:1799 relative glycan quantification allowed for improved accuracy and precision of quantitative measurements over current processing tools which we attribute to superior algorithms correction for baseline variation and MS1 peak filtering 1770:2001 Implementing Skyline for relative glycan quantification allowed for improved accuracy and precision of quantitative measurements over current processing tools which we attribute to superior algorithms correction for baseline variation and MS1 peak filtering. 27491298 1 103 theme glycomics 288:296 arg1 field 279:283 the field 275:283 the field of glycomics and development of analytical tools 275:332 Our greater understanding of the importance of N-linked glycosylation in biological systems has spawned the field of glycomics and development of analytical tools to address the many challenges regarding our ability to characterize and quantify this complex and important modification as it relates to biological function. 27491298 5 104 theme relative 984:991 arg1 quantification 993:1006 relative quantification 984:1006 relative quantification 984:1006 Identification and relative quantification could then be performed using the freely available bioinformatics tool Skyline. 27491298 1 105 theme development 302:312 arg1 field 279:283 the field 275:283 the field of glycomics and development of analytical tools 275:332 Our greater understanding of the importance of N-linked glycosylation in biological systems has spawned the field of glycomics and development of analytical tools to address the many challenges regarding our ability to characterize and quantify this complex and important modification as it relates to biological function. 27491298 5 106 theme bioinformatics 1059:1072 arg1 Skyline 1079:1085 the freely available bioinformatics tool Skyline 1038:1085 the freely available bioinformatics tool Skyline 1038:1085 Identification and relative quantification could then be performed using the freely available bioinformatics tool Skyline. 27491298 8 107 theme peak 1630:1633 arg1 pairing 1635:1641 NAT/SIL peak pairing 1622:1641 NAT/SIL peak pairing from a library containing 1573 potential glycans 1622:1690 Finally, our novel semi-automated workflow allowed for rapid identification of 27 glycans by intact mass and by NAT/SIL peak pairing from a library containing 1573 potential glycans, eliminating the need for extensive manual analysis. 27491298 3 108 theme novel 639:643 arg1 workflow 645:652 a novel workflow 637:652 a novel workflow for identification of glycans using Individuality Normalization 637:716 This study presents a novel workflow for identification of glycans using Individuality Normalization when Labeling with Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags (INLIGHT™) strategy developed in our lab. 27491298 4 109 theme monoisotopic 827:838 arg1 extraction 845:854 monoisotopic mass extraction 827:854 monoisotopic mass extraction followed by peak pair identification of tagged glycans from a theoretical library using an in-house program 827:962 This consists of monoisotopic mass extraction followed by peak pair identification of tagged glycans from a theoretical library using an in-house program. 27491298 1 110 theme analytical 317:326 arg1 tools 328:332 analytical tools 317:332 analytical tools 317:332 Our greater understanding of the importance of N-linked glycosylation in biological systems has spawned the field of glycomics and development of analytical tools to address the many challenges regarding our ability to characterize and quantify this complex and important modification as it relates to biological function. 27491298 6 111 theme xylem 1195:1199 arg1 glycome 1168:1174 the N-linked glycome 1155:1174 the N-linked glycome of differentiating xylem of the poplar tree, a widely studied model woody plant, particularly with respect to understanding lignin biosynthesis during wood formation 1155:1340 These studies were performed in the biological context of studying the N-linked glycome of differentiating xylem of the poplar tree, a widely studied model woody plant, particularly with respect to understanding lignin biosynthesis during wood formation. 27491298 6 112 link N-linked 1159:1166 arg1 glycome 1168:1174 the N-linked glycome 1155:1174 the N-linked glycome of differentiating xylem of the poplar tree, a widely studied model woody plant, particularly with respect to understanding lignin biosynthesis during wood formation 1155:1340 These studies were performed in the biological context of studying the N-linked glycome of differentiating xylem of the poplar tree, a widely studied model woody plant, particularly with respect to understanding lignin biosynthesis during wood formation. 27491298 8 113 theme extensive 1718:1726 arg1 analysis 1735:1742 extensive manual analysis 1718:1742 extensive manual analysis 1718:1742 Finally, our novel semi-automated workflow allowed for rapid identification of 27 glycans by intact mass and by NAT/SIL peak pairing from a library containing 1573 potential glycans, eliminating the need for extensive manual analysis. 27491298 6 114 theme N-linked 1159:1166 arg1 glycome 1168:1174 the N-linked glycome 1155:1174 the N-linked glycome of differentiating xylem of the poplar tree, a widely studied model woody plant, particularly with respect to understanding lignin biosynthesis during wood formation 1155:1340 These studies were performed in the biological context of studying the N-linked glycome of differentiating xylem of the poplar tree, a widely studied model woody plant, particularly with respect to understanding lignin biosynthesis during wood formation. 27491298 10 115 theme light-heavy 2186:2196 arg1 pairs 2203:2207 light-heavy peak pairs 2186:2207 light-heavy peak pairs 2186:2207 Graphical abstract Workflow for FANGS-INLIGHT glycosite profiling of plant xylem and monolignol proteins followed by INLIGHT tagging with semi-automated identification of glycans by light-heavy peak pairs. 26403430 1 0 theme common 168:173 arg1 colonizers 185:194 common bacterial colonizers 168:194 common bacterial colonizers of the human skin 168:212 Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are common bacterial colonizers of the human skin. 26403430 1 0 theme common 168:173 arg1 staphylococci 143:155 Coagulase-negative staphylococci 124:155 Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) 124:162 Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are common bacterial colonizers of the human skin. 26403430 9 1 dep than 1371:1374 arg1 with 1376:1379 with 1376:1379 with 1376:1379 We hypothesized that the biofilm formation heterogeneity observed was rather associated with biofilm matrix composition than with cells themselves. 26403430 0 2 theme small 75:79 arg1 group 81:85 a small group 73:85 a small group of coagulase-negative staphylococci 73:121 Evidence for inter- and intraspecies biofilm formation variability among a small group of coagulase-negative staphylococci. 26403430 0 2 theme small 75:79 arg1 staphylococci 109:121 coagulase-negative staphylococci 90:121 coagulase-negative staphylococci 90:121 Evidence for inter- and intraspecies biofilm formation variability among a small group of coagulase-negative staphylococci. 26403430 4 3 theme composition 536:546 arg1 terms 519:523 terms 519:523 terms of biofilm composition and architecture 519:563 Here, biofilms from six different CoNS species were characterized in terms of biofilm composition and architecture. 26403430 5 4 theme high 669:672 arg1 variability 674:684 high variability 669:684 high variability on biofilm accumulation 669:708 Interestingly, the ability to form a thick biofilm was not associated with any particular species, and high variability on biofilm accumulation was found within the same species. 26403430 1 5 theme bacterial 175:183 arg1 colonizers 185:194 common bacterial colonizers 168:194 common bacterial colonizers of the human skin 168:212 Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are common bacterial colonizers of the human skin. 26403430 1 5 theme bacterial 175:183 arg1 staphylococci 143:155 Coagulase-negative staphylococci 124:155 Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) 124:162 Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are common bacterial colonizers of the human skin. 26403430 0 6 theme coagulase-negative 90:107 arg1 staphylococci 109:121 coagulase-negative staphylococci 90:121 coagulase-negative staphylococci 90:121 Evidence for inter- and intraspecies biofilm formation variability among a small group of coagulase-negative staphylococci. 26403430 4 7 theme biofilm 528:534 arg1 composition 536:546 biofilm composition 528:546 biofilm composition 528:546 Here, biofilms from six different CoNS species were characterized in terms of biofilm composition and architecture. 26403430 2 8 theme medical 303:309 arg1 devices 311:317 indwelling medical devices 292:317 indwelling medical devices 292:317 They are often involved in nosocomial infections due to biofilm formation in indwelling medical devices. 26403430 8 9 theme CoNS 1236:1239 arg1 biofilms 1241:1248 CoNS biofilms 1236:1248 CoNS biofilms 1236:1248 Lastly, confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments confirmed this variability, highlighting important differences and common features of CoNS biofilms. 26403430 7 10 theme matrix 1075:1080 arg1 composition 1082:1092 extracellular matrix composition 1061:1092 extracellular matrix composition 1061:1092 On the other hand, biofilm disruption assays demonstrated important inter- and intraspecies differences regarding extracellular matrix composition. 26403430 7 11 theme biofilm 966:972 arg1 assays 985:990 biofilm disruption assays 966:990 biofilm disruption assays 966:990 On the other hand, biofilm disruption assays demonstrated important inter- and intraspecies differences regarding extracellular matrix composition. 26403430 2 12 theme indwelling 292:301 arg1 devices 311:317 indwelling medical devices 292:317 indwelling medical devices 292:317 They are often involved in nosocomial infections due to biofilm formation in indwelling medical devices. 26403430 8 13 theme laser 1112:1116 arg1 microscopy 1127:1136 confocal laser scanning microscopy 1103:1136 confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments 1103:1148 Lastly, confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments confirmed this variability, highlighting important differences and common features of CoNS biofilms. 26403430 6 14 theme cells 820:824 arg1 proportions 791:801 different proportions 781:801 different proportions of live and dead cells within biofilms formed by different species 781:868 Cell viability assays also revealed different proportions of live and dead cells within biofilms formed by different species, although this parameter was particularly similar at the intraspecies level. 26403430 0 15 theme staphylococci 109:121 arg1 group 81:85 a small group 73:85 a small group of coagulase-negative staphylococci 73:121 Evidence for inter- and intraspecies biofilm formation variability among a small group of coagulase-negative staphylococci. 26403430 0 15 theme staphylococci 109:121 arg1 staphylococci 109:121 coagulase-negative staphylococci 90:121 coagulase-negative staphylococci 90:121 Evidence for inter- and intraspecies biofilm formation variability among a small group of coagulase-negative staphylococci. 26403430 0 16 theme biofilm 37:43 arg1 variability 55:65 intraspecies biofilm formation variability 24:65 intraspecies biofilm formation variability among a small group of coagulase-negative staphylococci 24:121 Evidence for inter- and intraspecies biofilm formation variability among a small group of coagulase-negative staphylococci. 26403430 6 17 theme dead 815:818 arg1 cells 820:824 live and dead cells 806:824 live and dead cells within biofilms formed by different species 806:868 Cell viability assays also revealed different proportions of live and dead cells within biofilms formed by different species, although this parameter was particularly similar at the intraspecies level. 26403430 10 18 theme formation 1527:1535 arg1 process 1503:1509 the process 1499:1509 the process of CoNS biofilm formation 1499:1535 Additionally, our results indicate that polysaccharides, DNA and proteins are fundamental pieces in the process of CoNS biofilm formation. 26403430 8 19 theme microscopy 1127:1136 arg1 experiments 1138:1148 confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments 1103:1148 confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments 1103:1148 Lastly, confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments confirmed this variability, highlighting important differences and common features of CoNS biofilms. 26403430 8 20 theme common 1217:1222 arg1 features 1224:1231 common features 1217:1231 common features of CoNS biofilms 1217:1248 Lastly, confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments confirmed this variability, highlighting important differences and common features of CoNS biofilms. 26403430 10 21 theme CoNS 1514:1517 arg1 formation 1527:1535 CoNS biofilm formation 1514:1535 CoNS biofilm formation 1514:1535 Additionally, our results indicate that polysaccharides, DNA and proteins are fundamental pieces in the process of CoNS biofilm formation. 26403430 4 22 from species 489:495 arg1 biofilms 456:463 biofilms 456:463 biofilms from six different CoNS species 456:495 Here, biofilms from six different CoNS species were characterized in terms of biofilm composition and architecture. 26403430 5 23 theme thick 603:607 arg1 biofilm 609:615 a thick biofilm 601:615 a thick biofilm 601:615 Interestingly, the ability to form a thick biofilm was not associated with any particular species, and high variability on biofilm accumulation was found within the same species. 26403430 0 24 theme formation 45:53 arg1 variability 55:65 intraspecies biofilm formation variability 24:65 intraspecies biofilm formation variability among a small group of coagulase-negative staphylococci 24:121 Evidence for inter- and intraspecies biofilm formation variability among a small group of coagulase-negative staphylococci. 26403430 1 25 theme human 203:207 arg1 skin 209:212 the human skin 199:212 the human skin 199:212 Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are common bacterial colonizers of the human skin. 26403430 6 26 theme live 806:809 arg1 cells 820:824 live and dead cells 806:824 live and dead cells within biofilms formed by different species 806:868 Cell viability assays also revealed different proportions of live and dead cells within biofilms formed by different species, although this parameter was particularly similar at the intraspecies level. 26403430 7 27 theme disruption 974:983 arg1 assays 985:990 biofilm disruption assays 966:990 biofilm disruption assays 966:990 On the other hand, biofilm disruption assays demonstrated important inter- and intraspecies differences regarding extracellular matrix composition. 26403430 7 28 dep inter- 1015:1020 arg1 differences 1039:1049 differences 1039:1049 differences 1039:1049 On the other hand, biofilm disruption assays demonstrated important inter- and intraspecies differences regarding extracellular matrix composition. 26403430 1 29 theme skin 209:212 arg1 colonizers 185:194 common bacterial colonizers 168:194 common bacterial colonizers of the human skin 168:212 Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are common bacterial colonizers of the human skin. 26403430 1 29 theme skin 209:212 arg1 staphylococci 143:155 Coagulase-negative staphylococci 124:155 Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) 124:162 Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are common bacterial colonizers of the human skin. 26403430 9 30 theme biofilm 1344:1350 arg1 composition 1359:1369 biofilm matrix composition 1344:1369 biofilm matrix composition than with cells themselves 1344:1396 We hypothesized that the biofilm formation heterogeneity observed was rather associated with biofilm matrix composition than with cells themselves. 26403430 5 31 located found 714:718 arg2 variability 674:684 high variability 669:684 high variability on biofilm accumulation 669:708 Interestingly, the ability to form a thick biofilm was not associated with any particular species, and high variability on biofilm accumulation was found within the same species. 26403430 5 31 located found 714:718 arg1 species 736:742 the same species 727:742 the same species 727:742 Interestingly, the ability to form a thick biofilm was not associated with any particular species, and high variability on biofilm accumulation was found within the same species. 26403430 10 32 theme biofilm 1519:1525 arg1 formation 1527:1535 CoNS biofilm formation 1514:1535 CoNS biofilm formation 1514:1535 Additionally, our results indicate that polysaccharides, DNA and proteins are fundamental pieces in the process of CoNS biofilm formation. 26403430 3 33 theme CoNS 436:439 arg1 species 441:447 other CoNS species 430:447 other CoNS species 430:447 While biofilm formation has been extensively studied in Staphylococcus epidermidis, little is known regarding other CoNS species. 26403430 10 34 from pieces 1489:1494 arg1 process 1503:1509 the process 1499:1509 the process of CoNS biofilm formation 1499:1535 Additionally, our results indicate that polysaccharides, DNA and proteins are fundamental pieces in the process of CoNS biofilm formation. 26403430 5 35 theme same 731:734 arg1 species 736:742 the same species 727:742 the same species 727:742 Interestingly, the ability to form a thick biofilm was not associated with any particular species, and high variability on biofilm accumulation was found within the same species. 26403430 2 36 theme nosocomial 242:251 arg1 infections 253:262 nosocomial infections 242:262 nosocomial infections due to biofilm formation in indwelling medical devices 242:317 They are often involved in nosocomial infections due to biofilm formation in indwelling medical devices. 26403430 0 37 theme intraspecies 24:35 arg1 variability 55:65 intraspecies biofilm formation variability 24:65 intraspecies biofilm formation variability among a small group of coagulase-negative staphylococci 24:121 Evidence for inter- and intraspecies biofilm formation variability among a small group of coagulase-negative staphylococci. 26403430 4 38 theme architecture 552:563 arg1 terms 519:523 terms 519:523 terms of biofilm composition and architecture 519:563 Here, biofilms from six different CoNS species were characterized in terms of biofilm composition and architecture. 26403430 4 39 theme CoNS 484:487 arg1 species 489:495 six different CoNS species 470:495 six different CoNS species 470:495 Here, biofilms from six different CoNS species were characterized in terms of biofilm composition and architecture. 26403430 7 40 theme extracellular 1061:1073 arg1 composition 1082:1092 extracellular matrix composition 1061:1092 extracellular matrix composition 1061:1092 On the other hand, biofilm disruption assays demonstrated important inter- and intraspecies differences regarding extracellular matrix composition. 26403430 5 41 from variability 674:684 arg1 accumulation 697:708 biofilm accumulation 689:708 biofilm accumulation 689:708 Interestingly, the ability to form a thick biofilm was not associated with any particular species, and high variability on biofilm accumulation was found within the same species. 26403430 5 42 theme biofilm 689:695 arg1 accumulation 697:708 biofilm accumulation 689:708 biofilm accumulation 689:708 Interestingly, the ability to form a thick biofilm was not associated with any particular species, and high variability on biofilm accumulation was found within the same species. 26403430 4 43 theme different 474:482 arg1 species 489:495 six different CoNS species 470:495 six different CoNS species 470:495 Here, biofilms from six different CoNS species were characterized in terms of biofilm composition and architecture. 26403430 6 44 theme different 781:789 arg1 proportions 791:801 different proportions 781:801 different proportions of live and dead cells within biofilms formed by different species 781:868 Cell viability assays also revealed different proportions of live and dead cells within biofilms formed by different species, although this parameter was particularly similar at the intraspecies level. 26403430 1 45 theme Coagulase-negative 124:141 arg1 colonizers 185:194 common bacterial colonizers 168:194 common bacterial colonizers of the human skin 168:212 Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are common bacterial colonizers of the human skin. 26403430 1 45 theme Coagulase-negative 124:141 arg1 CoNS 158:161 CoNS 158:161 CoNS 158:161 Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are common bacterial colonizers of the human skin. 26403430 1 45 theme Coagulase-negative 124:141 arg1 staphylococci 143:155 Coagulase-negative staphylococci 124:155 Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) 124:162 Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are common bacterial colonizers of the human skin. 26403430 3 46 theme other 430:434 arg1 species 441:447 other CoNS species 430:447 other CoNS species 430:447 While biofilm formation has been extensively studied in Staphylococcus epidermidis, little is known regarding other CoNS species. 26403430 3 47 theme biofilm 326:332 arg1 formation 334:342 biofilm formation 326:342 biofilm formation 326:342 While biofilm formation has been extensively studied in Staphylococcus epidermidis, little is known regarding other CoNS species. 26403430 9 48 theme matrix 1352:1357 arg1 composition 1359:1369 biofilm matrix composition 1344:1369 biofilm matrix composition than with cells themselves 1344:1396 We hypothesized that the biofilm formation heterogeneity observed was rather associated with biofilm matrix composition than with cells themselves. 26403430 5 49 theme particular 645:654 arg1 species 656:662 any particular species 641:662 any particular species 641:662 Interestingly, the ability to form a thick biofilm was not associated with any particular species, and high variability on biofilm accumulation was found within the same species. 26403430 8 50 theme confocal 1103:1110 arg1 microscopy 1127:1136 confocal laser scanning microscopy 1103:1136 confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments 1103:1148 Lastly, confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments confirmed this variability, highlighting important differences and common features of CoNS biofilms. 26403430 7 51 theme other 954:958 arg1 hand 960:963 the other hand 950:963 the other hand 950:963 On the other hand, biofilm disruption assays demonstrated important inter- and intraspecies differences regarding extracellular matrix composition. 26403430 9 52 theme formation 1284:1292 arg1 heterogeneity 1294:1306 the biofilm formation heterogeneity 1272:1306 the biofilm formation heterogeneity observed 1272:1315 We hypothesized that the biofilm formation heterogeneity observed was rather associated with biofilm matrix composition than with cells themselves. 26403430 2 53 theme biofilm 271:277 arg1 formation 279:287 biofilm formation 271:287 biofilm formation in indwelling medical devices 271:317 They are often involved in nosocomial infections due to biofilm formation in indwelling medical devices. 26403430 2 54 from formation 279:287 arg1 devices 311:317 indwelling medical devices 292:317 indwelling medical devices 292:317 They are often involved in nosocomial infections due to biofilm formation in indwelling medical devices. 26403430 8 55 theme biofilms 1241:1248 arg1 features 1224:1231 common features 1217:1231 common features of CoNS biofilms 1217:1248 Lastly, confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments confirmed this variability, highlighting important differences and common features of CoNS biofilms. 26403430 8 55 theme biofilms 1241:1248 arg1 differences 1201:1211 important differences 1191:1211 important differences 1191:1211 Lastly, confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments confirmed this variability, highlighting important differences and common features of CoNS biofilms. 26403430 8 56 theme important 1191:1199 arg1 differences 1201:1211 important differences 1191:1211 important differences 1191:1211 Lastly, confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments confirmed this variability, highlighting important differences and common features of CoNS biofilms. 26403430 6 57 theme different 852:860 arg1 species 862:868 different species 852:868 different species 852:868 Cell viability assays also revealed different proportions of live and dead cells within biofilms formed by different species, although this parameter was particularly similar at the intraspecies level. 26403430 10 58 theme fundamental 1477:1487 arg1 proteins 1464:1471 proteins 1464:1471 proteins 1464:1471 Additionally, our results indicate that polysaccharides, DNA and proteins are fundamental pieces in the process of CoNS biofilm formation. 26403430 10 58 theme fundamental 1477:1487 arg1 pieces 1489:1494 fundamental pieces 1477:1494 fundamental pieces in the process of CoNS biofilm formation 1477:1535 Additionally, our results indicate that polysaccharides, DNA and proteins are fundamental pieces in the process of CoNS biofilm formation. 26403430 10 58 theme fundamental 1477:1487 arg1 DNA 1456:1458 DNA 1456:1458 DNA 1456:1458 Additionally, our results indicate that polysaccharides, DNA and proteins are fundamental pieces in the process of CoNS biofilm formation. 26403430 10 58 theme fundamental 1477:1487 arg1 polysaccharides 1439:1453 polysaccharides 1439:1453 polysaccharides 1439:1453 Additionally, our results indicate that polysaccharides, DNA and proteins are fundamental pieces in the process of CoNS biofilm formation. 26403430 9 59 theme biofilm 1276:1282 arg1 formation 1284:1292 biofilm formation 1276:1292 the biofilm formation heterogeneity observed 1272:1315 We hypothesized that the biofilm formation heterogeneity observed was rather associated with biofilm matrix composition than with cells themselves. 26403430 6 60 from level 940:944 arg1 similar 912:918 similar 912:918 similar 912:918 Cell viability assays also revealed different proportions of live and dead cells within biofilms formed by different species, although this parameter was particularly similar at the intraspecies level. 26403430 8 61 theme scanning 1118:1125 arg1 microscopy 1127:1136 confocal laser scanning microscopy 1103:1136 confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments 1103:1148 Lastly, confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments confirmed this variability, highlighting important differences and common features of CoNS biofilms. 26403430 2 62 theme due 264:266 arg1 infections 253:262 nosocomial infections 242:262 nosocomial infections due to biofilm formation in indwelling medical devices 242:317 They are often involved in nosocomial infections due to biofilm formation in indwelling medical devices. 26403430 6 63 theme viability 750:758 arg1 assays 760:765 Cell viability assays 745:765 Cell viability assays 745:765 Cell viability assays also revealed different proportions of live and dead cells within biofilms formed by different species, although this parameter was particularly similar at the intraspecies level. 26403430 6 64 theme intraspecies 927:938 arg1 level 940:944 the intraspecies level 923:944 the intraspecies level 923:944 Cell viability assays also revealed different proportions of live and dead cells within biofilms formed by different species, although this parameter was particularly similar at the intraspecies level. 26403430 6 65 theme Cell 745:748 arg1 assays 760:765 Cell viability assays 745:765 Cell viability assays 745:765 Cell viability assays also revealed different proportions of live and dead cells within biofilms formed by different species, although this parameter was particularly similar at the intraspecies level. 28715013 3 0 theme properties 724:733 arg1 features 637:644 features 637:644 features of an outstanding magnetic response, a high specific area, strong hydrophilic properties and a unique size-exclusion effect 637:768 By integrating the characteristics of the magnetic graphene and COF-5 layer, the MagG@COF-5 owns features of an outstanding magnetic response, a high specific area, strong hydrophilic properties and a unique size-exclusion effect. 28715013 6 1 theme huge 1288:1291 arg1 potential 1293:1301 huge potential 1288:1301 huge potential for use in glycoproteome and clinical diagnosis fields 1288:1356 All the results demonstrate that the as-synthesized MagG@COF-5 biocomposite has huge potential for use in glycoproteome and clinical diagnosis fields. 28715013 3 2 theme layer 610:614 arg1 characteristics 559:573 the characteristics 555:573 the characteristics of the magnetic graphene and COF-5 layer 555:614 By integrating the characteristics of the magnetic graphene and COF-5 layer, the MagG@COF-5 owns features of an outstanding magnetic response, a high specific area, strong hydrophilic properties and a unique size-exclusion effect. 28715013 7 3 theme materials 1420:1428 arg1 application 1395:1405 application 1395:1405 application of COF-based materials 1395:1428 It will also open up new phases for application of COF-based materials. 28715013 3 4 theme size-exclusion 748:761 arg1 effect 763:768 a unique size-exclusion effect 739:768 a unique size-exclusion effect 739:768 By integrating the characteristics of the magnetic graphene and COF-5 layer, the MagG@COF-5 owns features of an outstanding magnetic response, a high specific area, strong hydrophilic properties and a unique size-exclusion effect. 28715013 6 5 theme @ 1264:1264 arg1 biocomposite 1271:1282 the as-synthesized MagG@COF-5 biocomposite 1241:1282 the as-synthesized MagG@COF-5 biocomposite 1241:1282 All the results demonstrate that the as-synthesized MagG@COF-5 biocomposite has huge potential for use in glycoproteome and clinical diagnosis fields. 28715013 6 6 theme as-synthesized 1245:1258 arg1 biocomposite 1271:1282 the as-synthesized MagG@COF-5 biocomposite 1241:1282 the as-synthesized MagG@COF-5 biocomposite 1241:1282 All the results demonstrate that the as-synthesized MagG@COF-5 biocomposite has huge potential for use in glycoproteome and clinical diagnosis fields. 28715013 1 7 link -derived 261:268 arg1 materials 270:278 covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials 229:278 covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials 229:278 The development of additional functions and applications of covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials still remains highly desired. 28715013 3 8 theme @ 625:625 arg1 COF-5 626:630 the MagG@COF-5 617:630 the MagG@COF-5 617:630 By integrating the characteristics of the magnetic graphene and COF-5 layer, the MagG@COF-5 owns features of an outstanding magnetic response, a high specific area, strong hydrophilic properties and a unique size-exclusion effect. 28715013 1 9 theme organic 238:244 arg1 materials 270:278 covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials 229:278 covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials 229:278 The development of additional functions and applications of covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials still remains highly desired. 28715013 4 10 theme HRP 955:957 arg1 1  972:973 1  972:973 1  972:973 Accordingly, the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite showed excellent performance in N-linked glycopeptide analysis with a low detection limit (0.5 fmol μL-1), an excellent size-exclusion effect (HRP digests/BSA, 1 : 600), good recyclability and reusability. 28715013 4 10 theme HRP 955:957 arg1 digests/BSA 959:969 HRP digests/BSA 955:969 HRP digests/BSA 955:969 Accordingly, the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite showed excellent performance in N-linked glycopeptide analysis with a low detection limit (0.5 fmol μL-1), an excellent size-exclusion effect (HRP digests/BSA, 1 : 600), good recyclability and reusability. 28715013 6 11 theme diagnosis 1341:1349 arg1 fields 1351:1356 glycoproteome and clinical diagnosis fields 1314:1356 glycoproteome and clinical diagnosis fields 1314:1356 All the results demonstrate that the as-synthesized MagG@COF-5 biocomposite has huge potential for use in glycoproteome and clinical diagnosis fields. 28715013 2 12 theme novel 325:329 arg1 method 481:486 an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method 417:486 an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides 417:537 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 2 12 theme novel 325:329 arg1 biocomposite 368:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite 323:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) 323:392 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 2 12 theme novel 325:329 arg1 COF-5 387:391 MagG@COF-5 382:391 MagG@COF-5 382:391 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 7 13 theme new 1380:1382 arg1 phases 1384:1389 new phases 1380:1389 new phases 1380:1389 It will also open up new phases for application of COF-based materials. 28715013 4 14 theme excellent 922:930 arg1 effect 947:952 an excellent size-exclusion effect 919:952 an excellent size-exclusion effect (HRP digests/BSA, 1 : 600) 919:979 Accordingly, the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite showed excellent performance in N-linked glycopeptide analysis with a low detection limit (0.5 fmol μL-1), an excellent size-exclusion effect (HRP digests/BSA, 1 : 600), good recyclability and reusability. 28715013 5 15 gly glycoproteins 1179:1191 arg1 glycoproteins 1179:1191 85 glycoproteins 1176:1191 85 glycoproteins 1176:1191 More excitingly, the practical applicability of the biocomposite was evaluated by treatment with human serum (1 μL), in which 232 N-linked glycopeptides from 85 glycoproteins were detected. 28715013 5 16 theme biocomposite 1070:1081 arg1 applicability 1049:1061 the practical applicability 1035:1061 the practical applicability of the biocomposite 1035:1081 More excitingly, the practical applicability of the biocomposite was evaluated by treatment with human serum (1 μL), in which 232 N-linked glycopeptides from 85 glycoproteins were detected. 28715013 3 17 theme response 673:680 arg1 features 637:644 features 637:644 features of an outstanding magnetic response, a high specific area, strong hydrophilic properties and a unique size-exclusion effect 637:768 By integrating the characteristics of the magnetic graphene and COF-5 layer, the MagG@COF-5 owns features of an outstanding magnetic response, a high specific area, strong hydrophilic properties and a unique size-exclusion effect. 28715013 4 18 theme good 982:985 arg1 recyclability 987:999 good recyclability 982:999 good recyclability 982:999 Accordingly, the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite showed excellent performance in N-linked glycopeptide analysis with a low detection limit (0.5 fmol μL-1), an excellent size-exclusion effect (HRP digests/BSA, 1 : 600), good recyclability and reusability. 28715013 3 19 theme outstanding 652:662 arg1 response 673:680 an outstanding magnetic response 649:680 an outstanding magnetic response 649:680 By integrating the characteristics of the magnetic graphene and COF-5 layer, the MagG@COF-5 owns features of an outstanding magnetic response, a high specific area, strong hydrophilic properties and a unique size-exclusion effect. 28715013 1 20 theme additional 188:197 arg1 functions 199:207 additional functions 188:207 additional functions 188:207 The development of additional functions and applications of covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials still remains highly desired. 28715013 4 21 dep digests/BSA 959:969 arg1  600 975:978  600 975:978  600 975:978 Accordingly, the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite showed excellent performance in N-linked glycopeptide analysis with a low detection limit (0.5 fmol μL-1), an excellent size-exclusion effect (HRP digests/BSA, 1 : 600), good recyclability and reusability. 28715013 5 22 theme human 1115:1119 arg1 serum 1121:1125 human serum 1115:1125 human serum (1 μL) 1115:1132 More excitingly, the practical applicability of the biocomposite was evaluated by treatment with human serum (1 μL), in which 232 N-linked glycopeptides from 85 glycoproteins were detected. 28715013 5 22 theme human 1115:1119 arg1 μL 1130:1131 1 μL 1128:1131 1 μL 1128:1131 More excitingly, the practical applicability of the biocomposite was evaluated by treatment with human serum (1 μL), in which 232 N-linked glycopeptides from 85 glycoproteins were detected. 28715013 4 23 theme excellent 819:827 arg1 performance 829:839 excellent performance 819:839 excellent performance 819:839 Accordingly, the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite showed excellent performance in N-linked glycopeptide analysis with a low detection limit (0.5 fmol μL-1), an excellent size-exclusion effect (HRP digests/BSA, 1 : 600), good recyclability and reusability. 28715013 2 24 theme ultrasensitive 420:433 arg1 method 481:486 an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method 417:486 an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides 417:537 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 2 24 theme ultrasensitive 420:433 arg1 biocomposite 368:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite 323:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) 323:392 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 0 25 theme N-linked 134:141 arg1 recognition 156:166 N-linked glycopeptide recognition 134:166 N-linked glycopeptide recognition 134:166 Self-assembling covalent organic framework functionalized magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites as an ultrasensitive matrix for N-linked glycopeptide recognition. 28715013 0 26 theme Self-assembling 0:14 arg1 framework 33:41 Self-assembling covalent organic framework 0:41 Self-assembling covalent organic framework 0:41 Self-assembling covalent organic framework functionalized magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites as an ultrasensitive matrix for N-linked glycopeptide recognition. 28715013 5 27 from glycoproteins 1179:1191 arg1 glycopeptides 1157:1169 232 N-linked glycopeptides 1144:1169 232 N-linked glycopeptides from 85 glycoproteins 1144:1191 More excitingly, the practical applicability of the biocomposite was evaluated by treatment with human serum (1 μL), in which 232 N-linked glycopeptides from 85 glycoproteins were detected. 28715013 2 28 theme self-assembly 467:479 arg1 method 481:486 an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method 417:486 an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides 417:537 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 2 28 theme self-assembly 467:479 arg1 biocomposite 368:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite 323:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) 323:392 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 2 29 link N-linked 516:523 arg1 glycopeptides 525:537 N-linked glycopeptides 516:537 N-linked glycopeptides 516:537 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 4 30 theme @ 792:792 arg1 biocomposite 799:810 the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite 784:810 the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite 784:810 Accordingly, the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite showed excellent performance in N-linked glycopeptide analysis with a low detection limit (0.5 fmol μL-1), an excellent size-exclusion effect (HRP digests/BSA, 1 : 600), good recyclability and reusability. 28715013 0 31 theme organic 25:31 arg1 framework 33:41 Self-assembling covalent organic framework 0:41 Self-assembling covalent organic framework 0:41 Self-assembling covalent organic framework functionalized magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites as an ultrasensitive matrix for N-linked glycopeptide recognition. 28715013 0 32 gly glycopeptide 143:154 arg2 glycopeptide 143:154 N-linked glycopeptide recognition 134:166 N-linked glycopeptide recognition 134:166 Self-assembling covalent organic framework functionalized magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites as an ultrasensitive matrix for N-linked glycopeptide recognition. 28715013 4 33 link N-linked 844:851 arg1 analysis 866:873 N-linked glycopeptide analysis 844:873 N-linked glycopeptide analysis 844:873 Accordingly, the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite showed excellent performance in N-linked glycopeptide analysis with a low detection limit (0.5 fmol μL-1), an excellent size-exclusion effect (HRP digests/BSA, 1 : 600), good recyclability and reusability. 28715013 3 34 theme specific 690:697 arg1 area 699:702 a high specific area 683:702 a high specific area 683:702 By integrating the characteristics of the magnetic graphene and COF-5 layer, the MagG@COF-5 owns features of an outstanding magnetic response, a high specific area, strong hydrophilic properties and a unique size-exclusion effect. 28715013 2 35 theme matrix 447:452 arg1 method 481:486 an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method 417:486 an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides 417:537 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 2 35 theme matrix 447:452 arg1 biocomposite 368:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite 323:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) 323:392 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 6 36 from use 1307:1309 arg1 fields 1351:1356 glycoproteome and clinical diagnosis fields 1314:1356 glycoproteome and clinical diagnosis fields 1314:1356 All the results demonstrate that the as-synthesized MagG@COF-5 biocomposite has huge potential for use in glycoproteome and clinical diagnosis fields. 28715013 2 37 gly glycopeptides 525:537 arg2 glycopeptides 525:537 N-linked glycopeptides 516:537 N-linked glycopeptides 516:537 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 5 38 link N-linked 1148:1155 arg1 glycopeptides 1157:1169 232 N-linked glycopeptides 1144:1169 232 N-linked glycopeptides from 85 glycoproteins 1144:1191 More excitingly, the practical applicability of the biocomposite was evaluated by treatment with human serum (1 μL), in which 232 N-linked glycopeptides from 85 glycoproteins were detected. 28715013 4 39 theme low 882:884 arg1 limit 896:900 a low detection limit 880:900 a low detection limit (0.5 fmol μL-1) 880:916 Accordingly, the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite showed excellent performance in N-linked glycopeptide analysis with a low detection limit (0.5 fmol μL-1), an excellent size-exclusion effect (HRP digests/BSA, 1 : 600), good recyclability and reusability. 28715013 4 39 theme low 882:884 arg1 fmol 907:910 0.5 fmol μL-1 903:915 0.5 fmol μL-1 903:915 Accordingly, the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite showed excellent performance in N-linked glycopeptide analysis with a low detection limit (0.5 fmol μL-1), an excellent size-exclusion effect (HRP digests/BSA, 1 : 600), good recyclability and reusability. 28715013 2 40 theme @ 386:386 arg1 biocomposite 368:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite 323:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) 323:392 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 2 40 theme @ 386:386 arg1 COF-5 387:391 MagG@COF-5 382:391 MagG@COF-5 382:391 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 0 41 theme graphene 67:74 arg1 biocomposites 88:100 magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites 58:100 magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites 58:100 Self-assembling covalent organic framework functionalized magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites as an ultrasensitive matrix for N-linked glycopeptide recognition. 28715013 0 41 theme graphene 67:74 arg1 matrix 123:128 an ultrasensitive matrix 105:128 an ultrasensitive matrix for N-linked glycopeptide recognition 105:166 Self-assembling covalent organic framework functionalized magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites as an ultrasensitive matrix for N-linked glycopeptide recognition. 28715013 5 42 theme N-linked 1148:1155 arg1 glycopeptides 1157:1169 232 N-linked glycopeptides 1144:1169 232 N-linked glycopeptides from 85 glycoproteins 1144:1191 More excitingly, the practical applicability of the biocomposite was evaluated by treatment with human serum (1 μL), in which 232 N-linked glycopeptides from 85 glycoproteins were detected. 28715013 3 43 theme hydrophilic 712:722 arg1 properties 724:733 strong hydrophilic properties 705:733 strong hydrophilic properties 705:733 By integrating the characteristics of the magnetic graphene and COF-5 layer, the MagG@COF-5 owns features of an outstanding magnetic response, a high specific area, strong hydrophilic properties and a unique size-exclusion effect. 28715013 1 44 theme -derived 261:268 arg1 materials 270:278 covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials 229:278 covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials 229:278 The development of additional functions and applications of covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials still remains highly desired. 28715013 5 45 located detected 1198:1205 arg2 glycopeptides 1157:1169 232 N-linked glycopeptides 1144:1169 232 N-linked glycopeptides from 85 glycoproteins 1144:1191 More excitingly, the practical applicability of the biocomposite was evaluated by treatment with human serum (1 μL), in which 232 N-linked glycopeptides from 85 glycoproteins were detected. 28715013 5 45 located detected 1198:1205 arg1 serum 1121:1125 human serum 1115:1125 human serum (1 μL) 1115:1132 More excitingly, the practical applicability of the biocomposite was evaluated by treatment with human serum (1 μL), in which 232 N-linked glycopeptides from 85 glycoproteins were detected. 28715013 5 45 located detected 1198:1205 arg1 μL 1130:1131 1 μL 1128:1131 1 μL 1128:1131 More excitingly, the practical applicability of the biocomposite was evaluated by treatment with human serum (1 μL), in which 232 N-linked glycopeptides from 85 glycoproteins were detected. 28715013 4 46 theme glycopeptide 853:864 arg1 analysis 866:873 N-linked glycopeptide analysis 844:873 N-linked glycopeptide analysis 844:873 Accordingly, the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite showed excellent performance in N-linked glycopeptide analysis with a low detection limit (0.5 fmol μL-1), an excellent size-exclusion effect (HRP digests/BSA, 1 : 600), good recyclability and reusability. 28715013 3 47 theme unique 741:746 arg1 effect 763:768 a unique size-exclusion effect 739:768 a unique size-exclusion effect 739:768 By integrating the characteristics of the magnetic graphene and COF-5 layer, the MagG@COF-5 owns features of an outstanding magnetic response, a high specific area, strong hydrophilic properties and a unique size-exclusion effect. 28715013 3 48 theme COF-5 604:608 arg1 layer 610:614 COF-5 layer 604:614 COF-5 layer 604:614 By integrating the characteristics of the magnetic graphene and COF-5 layer, the MagG@COF-5 owns features of an outstanding magnetic response, a high specific area, strong hydrophilic properties and a unique size-exclusion effect. 28715013 2 49 theme graphene 359:366 arg1 method 481:486 an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method 417:486 an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides 417:537 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 2 49 theme graphene 359:366 arg1 biocomposite 368:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite 323:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) 323:392 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 2 49 theme graphene 359:366 arg1 COF-5 387:391 MagG@COF-5 382:391 MagG@COF-5 382:391 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 6 50 theme COF-5 1265:1269 arg1 biocomposite 1271:1282 the as-synthesized MagG@COF-5 biocomposite 1241:1282 the as-synthesized MagG@COF-5 biocomposite 1241:1282 All the results demonstrate that the as-synthesized MagG@COF-5 biocomposite has huge potential for use in glycoproteome and clinical diagnosis fields. 28715013 3 51 theme graphene 591:598 arg1 characteristics 559:573 the characteristics 555:573 the characteristics of the magnetic graphene and COF-5 layer 555:614 By integrating the characteristics of the magnetic graphene and COF-5 layer, the MagG@COF-5 owns features of an outstanding magnetic response, a high specific area, strong hydrophilic properties and a unique size-exclusion effect. 28715013 1 52 theme applications 213:224 arg1 development 173:183 The development 169:183 The development of additional functions and applications of covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials 169:278 The development of additional functions and applications of covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials still remains highly desired. 28715013 4 53 gly glycopeptide 853:864 arg2 glycopeptide 853:864 N-linked glycopeptide analysis 844:873 N-linked glycopeptide analysis 844:873 Accordingly, the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite showed excellent performance in N-linked glycopeptide analysis with a low detection limit (0.5 fmol μL-1), an excellent size-exclusion effect (HRP digests/BSA, 1 : 600), good recyclability and reusability. 28715013 4 54 theme detection 886:894 arg1 limit 896:900 a low detection limit 880:900 a low detection limit (0.5 fmol μL-1) 880:916 Accordingly, the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite showed excellent performance in N-linked glycopeptide analysis with a low detection limit (0.5 fmol μL-1), an excellent size-exclusion effect (HRP digests/BSA, 1 : 600), good recyclability and reusability. 28715013 4 54 theme detection 886:894 arg1 fmol 907:910 0.5 fmol μL-1 903:915 0.5 fmol μL-1 903:915 Accordingly, the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite showed excellent performance in N-linked glycopeptide analysis with a low detection limit (0.5 fmol μL-1), an excellent size-exclusion effect (HRP digests/BSA, 1 : 600), good recyclability and reusability. 28715013 3 55 theme effect 763:768 arg1 features 637:644 features 637:644 features of an outstanding magnetic response, a high specific area, strong hydrophilic properties and a unique size-exclusion effect 637:768 By integrating the characteristics of the magnetic graphene and COF-5 layer, the MagG@COF-5 owns features of an outstanding magnetic response, a high specific area, strong hydrophilic properties and a unique size-exclusion effect. 28715013 6 56 theme MagG 1260:1263 arg1 biocomposite 1271:1282 the as-synthesized MagG@COF-5 biocomposite 1241:1282 the as-synthesized MagG@COF-5 biocomposite 1241:1282 All the results demonstrate that the as-synthesized MagG@COF-5 biocomposite has huge potential for use in glycoproteome and clinical diagnosis fields. 28715013 3 57 theme MagG 621:624 arg1 COF-5 626:630 the MagG@COF-5 617:630 the MagG@COF-5 617:630 By integrating the characteristics of the magnetic graphene and COF-5 layer, the MagG@COF-5 owns features of an outstanding magnetic response, a high specific area, strong hydrophilic properties and a unique size-exclusion effect. 28715013 1 58 theme covalent 229:236 arg1 materials 270:278 covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials 229:278 covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials 229:278 The development of additional functions and applications of covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials still remains highly desired. 28715013 7 59 theme COF-based 1410:1418 arg1 materials 1420:1428 COF-based materials 1410:1428 COF-based materials 1410:1428 It will also open up new phases for application of COF-based materials. 28715013 2 60 theme COF-functionalized 331:348 arg1 method 481:486 an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method 417:486 an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides 417:537 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 2 60 theme COF-functionalized 331:348 arg1 biocomposite 368:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite 323:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) 323:392 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 2 60 theme COF-functionalized 331:348 arg1 COF-5 387:391 MagG@COF-5 382:391 MagG@COF-5 382:391 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 1 61 theme framework 246:254 arg1 materials 270:278 covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials 229:278 covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials 229:278 The development of additional functions and applications of covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials still remains highly desired. 28715013 2 62 theme magnetic 350:357 arg1 method 481:486 an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method 417:486 an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides 417:537 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 2 62 theme magnetic 350:357 arg1 biocomposite 368:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite 323:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) 323:392 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 2 62 theme magnetic 350:357 arg1 COF-5 387:391 MagG@COF-5 382:391 MagG@COF-5 382:391 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 6 63 theme clinical 1332:1339 arg1 diagnosis 1341:1349 clinical diagnosis 1332:1349 clinical diagnosis 1332:1349 All the results demonstrate that the as-synthesized MagG@COF-5 biocomposite has huge potential for use in glycoproteome and clinical diagnosis fields. 28715013 1 64 theme COF 257:259 arg1 materials 270:278 covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials 229:278 covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials 229:278 The development of additional functions and applications of covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials still remains highly desired. 28715013 6 65 theme glycoproteome 1314:1326 arg1 fields 1351:1356 glycoproteome and clinical diagnosis fields 1314:1356 glycoproteome and clinical diagnosis fields 1314:1356 All the results demonstrate that the as-synthesized MagG@COF-5 biocomposite has huge potential for use in glycoproteome and clinical diagnosis fields. 28715013 3 66 theme magnetic 664:671 arg1 response 673:680 an outstanding magnetic response 649:680 an outstanding magnetic response 649:680 By integrating the characteristics of the magnetic graphene and COF-5 layer, the MagG@COF-5 owns features of an outstanding magnetic response, a high specific area, strong hydrophilic properties and a unique size-exclusion effect. 28715013 4 67 theme size-exclusion 932:945 arg1 effect 947:952 an excellent size-exclusion effect 919:952 an excellent size-exclusion effect (HRP digests/BSA, 1 : 600) 919:979 Accordingly, the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite showed excellent performance in N-linked glycopeptide analysis with a low detection limit (0.5 fmol μL-1), an excellent size-exclusion effect (HRP digests/BSA, 1 : 600), good recyclability and reusability. 28715013 4 68 dep effect 947:952 arg1 1  972:973 1  972:973 1  972:973 Accordingly, the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite showed excellent performance in N-linked glycopeptide analysis with a low detection limit (0.5 fmol μL-1), an excellent size-exclusion effect (HRP digests/BSA, 1 : 600), good recyclability and reusability. 28715013 4 68 dep effect 947:952 arg1 digests/BSA 959:969 HRP digests/BSA 955:969 HRP digests/BSA 955:969 Accordingly, the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite showed excellent performance in N-linked glycopeptide analysis with a low detection limit (0.5 fmol μL-1), an excellent size-exclusion effect (HRP digests/BSA, 1 : 600), good recyclability and reusability. 28715013 5 69 gly glycopeptides 1157:1169 arg1 glycoproteins 1179:1191 85 glycoproteins 1176:1191 85 glycoproteins 1176:1191 More excitingly, the practical applicability of the biocomposite was evaluated by treatment with human serum (1 μL), in which 232 N-linked glycopeptides from 85 glycoproteins were detected. 28715013 5 69 gly glycopeptides 1157:1169 arg2 glycopeptides 1157:1169 232 N-linked glycopeptides 1144:1169 232 N-linked glycopeptides from 85 glycoproteins 1144:1191 More excitingly, the practical applicability of the biocomposite was evaluated by treatment with human serum (1 μL), in which 232 N-linked glycopeptides from 85 glycoproteins were detected. 28715013 0 70 theme ultrasensitive 108:121 arg1 biocomposites 88:100 magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites 58:100 magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites 58:100 Self-assembling covalent organic framework functionalized magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites as an ultrasensitive matrix for N-linked glycopeptide recognition. 28715013 0 70 theme ultrasensitive 108:121 arg1 matrix 123:128 an ultrasensitive matrix 105:128 an ultrasensitive matrix for N-linked glycopeptide recognition 105:166 Self-assembling covalent organic framework functionalized magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites as an ultrasensitive matrix for N-linked glycopeptide recognition. 28715013 1 71 theme functions 199:207 arg1 development 173:183 The development 169:183 The development of additional functions and applications of covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials 169:278 The development of additional functions and applications of covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials still remains highly desired. 28715013 4 72 theme COF-5 793:797 arg1 biocomposite 799:810 the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite 784:810 the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite 784:810 Accordingly, the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite showed excellent performance in N-linked glycopeptide analysis with a low detection limit (0.5 fmol μL-1), an excellent size-exclusion effect (HRP digests/BSA, 1 : 600), good recyclability and reusability. 28715013 0 73 theme glycopeptide 143:154 arg1 recognition 156:166 N-linked glycopeptide recognition 134:166 N-linked glycopeptide recognition 134:166 Self-assembling covalent organic framework functionalized magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites as an ultrasensitive matrix for N-linked glycopeptide recognition. 28715013 6 74 contain has 1284:1286 arg2 potential 1293:1301 huge potential 1288:1301 huge potential for use in glycoproteome and clinical diagnosis fields 1288:1356 All the results demonstrate that the as-synthesized MagG@COF-5 biocomposite has huge potential for use in glycoproteome and clinical diagnosis fields. 28715013 6 74 contain has 1284:1286 arg1 biocomposite 1271:1282 the as-synthesized MagG@COF-5 biocomposite 1241:1282 the as-synthesized MagG@COF-5 biocomposite 1241:1282 All the results demonstrate that the as-synthesized MagG@COF-5 biocomposite has huge potential for use in glycoproteome and clinical diagnosis fields. 28715013 0 75 theme covalent 16:23 arg1 framework 33:41 Self-assembling covalent organic framework 0:41 Self-assembling covalent organic framework 0:41 Self-assembling covalent organic framework functionalized magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites as an ultrasensitive matrix for N-linked glycopeptide recognition. 28715013 5 76 with treatment 1100:1108 arg1 serum 1121:1125 human serum 1115:1125 human serum (1 μL) 1115:1132 More excitingly, the practical applicability of the biocomposite was evaluated by treatment with human serum (1 μL), in which 232 N-linked glycopeptides from 85 glycoproteins were detected. 28715013 5 76 with treatment 1100:1108 arg1 μL 1130:1131 1 μL 1128:1131 1 μL 1128:1131 More excitingly, the practical applicability of the biocomposite was evaluated by treatment with human serum (1 μL), in which 232 N-linked glycopeptides from 85 glycoproteins were detected. 28715013 2 77 theme facile 460:465 arg1 method 481:486 an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method 417:486 an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides 417:537 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 2 77 theme facile 460:465 arg1 biocomposite 368:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite 323:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) 323:392 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 3 78 theme high 685:688 arg1 area 699:702 a high specific area 683:702 a high specific area 683:702 By integrating the characteristics of the magnetic graphene and COF-5 layer, the MagG@COF-5 owns features of an outstanding magnetic response, a high specific area, strong hydrophilic properties and a unique size-exclusion effect. 28715013 4 79 theme MagG 788:791 arg1 biocomposite 799:810 the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite 784:810 the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite 784:810 Accordingly, the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite showed excellent performance in N-linked glycopeptide analysis with a low detection limit (0.5 fmol μL-1), an excellent size-exclusion effect (HRP digests/BSA, 1 : 600), good recyclability and reusability. 28715013 2 80 theme via 454:456 arg1 method 481:486 an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method 417:486 an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides 417:537 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 2 80 theme via 454:456 arg1 biocomposite 368:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite 323:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) 323:392 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 0 81 theme magnetic 58:65 arg1 biocomposites 88:100 magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites 58:100 magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites 58:100 Self-assembling covalent organic framework functionalized magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites as an ultrasensitive matrix for N-linked glycopeptide recognition. 28715013 0 81 theme magnetic 58:65 arg1 matrix 123:128 an ultrasensitive matrix 105:128 an ultrasensitive matrix for N-linked glycopeptide recognition 105:166 Self-assembling covalent organic framework functionalized magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites as an ultrasensitive matrix for N-linked glycopeptide recognition. 28715013 2 82 theme N-linked 516:523 arg1 glycopeptides 525:537 N-linked glycopeptides 516:537 N-linked glycopeptides 516:537 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 2 83 theme hydrophilic 435:445 arg1 method 481:486 an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method 417:486 an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides 417:537 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 2 83 theme hydrophilic 435:445 arg1 biocomposite 368:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite 323:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) 323:392 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 0 84 theme hydrophilic 76:86 arg1 biocomposites 88:100 magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites 58:100 magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites 58:100 Self-assembling covalent organic framework functionalized magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites as an ultrasensitive matrix for N-linked glycopeptide recognition. 28715013 0 84 theme hydrophilic 76:86 arg1 matrix 123:128 an ultrasensitive matrix 105:128 an ultrasensitive matrix for N-linked glycopeptide recognition 105:166 Self-assembling covalent organic framework functionalized magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites as an ultrasensitive matrix for N-linked glycopeptide recognition. 28715013 5 85 theme practical 1039:1047 arg1 applicability 1049:1061 the practical applicability 1035:1061 the practical applicability of the biocomposite 1035:1081 More excitingly, the practical applicability of the biocomposite was evaluated by treatment with human serum (1 μL), in which 232 N-linked glycopeptides from 85 glycoproteins were detected. 28715013 3 86 theme strong 705:710 arg1 properties 724:733 strong hydrophilic properties 705:733 strong hydrophilic properties 705:733 By integrating the characteristics of the magnetic graphene and COF-5 layer, the MagG@COF-5 owns features of an outstanding magnetic response, a high specific area, strong hydrophilic properties and a unique size-exclusion effect. 28715013 2 87 theme MagG 382:385 arg1 biocomposite 368:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite 323:379 a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) 323:392 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 2 87 theme MagG 382:385 arg1 COF-5 387:391 MagG@COF-5 382:391 MagG@COF-5 382:391 In our work, a novel COF-functionalized magnetic graphene biocomposite (MagG@COF-5) was first developed as an ultrasensitive hydrophilic matrix via a facile self-assembly method for efficiently recognizing N-linked glycopeptides. 28715013 3 88 theme area 699:702 arg1 features 637:644 features 637:644 features of an outstanding magnetic response, a high specific area, strong hydrophilic properties and a unique size-exclusion effect 637:768 By integrating the characteristics of the magnetic graphene and COF-5 layer, the MagG@COF-5 owns features of an outstanding magnetic response, a high specific area, strong hydrophilic properties and a unique size-exclusion effect. 28715013 1 89 theme materials 270:278 arg1 applications 213:224 applications 213:224 applications 213:224 The development of additional functions and applications of covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials still remains highly desired. 28715013 1 89 theme materials 270:278 arg1 functions 199:207 additional functions 188:207 additional functions 188:207 The development of additional functions and applications of covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials still remains highly desired. 28715013 0 90 link N-linked 134:141 arg1 recognition 156:166 N-linked glycopeptide recognition 134:166 N-linked glycopeptide recognition 134:166 Self-assembling covalent organic framework functionalized magnetic graphene hydrophilic biocomposites as an ultrasensitive matrix for N-linked glycopeptide recognition. 28715013 4 91 theme N-linked 844:851 arg1 analysis 866:873 N-linked glycopeptide analysis 844:873 N-linked glycopeptide analysis 844:873 Accordingly, the MagG@COF-5 biocomposite showed excellent performance in N-linked glycopeptide analysis with a low detection limit (0.5 fmol μL-1), an excellent size-exclusion effect (HRP digests/BSA, 1 : 600), good recyclability and reusability. 28715013 3 92 theme magnetic 582:589 arg1 graphene 591:598 the magnetic graphene 578:598 the magnetic graphene 578:598 By integrating the characteristics of the magnetic graphene and COF-5 layer, the MagG@COF-5 owns features of an outstanding magnetic response, a high specific area, strong hydrophilic properties and a unique size-exclusion effect. 27316342 4 0 from changes 759:765 arg1 neuroplasticity 770:784 neuroplasticity 770:784 neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus 770:864 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 4 0 from changes 759:765 arg1 hippocampus 933:943 the hippocampus 929:943 the hippocampus 929:943 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 4 1 theme dorsal 994:999 arg1 nucleus 1007:1013 the dorsal raphe nucleus 990:1013 the dorsal raphe nucleus 990:1013 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 10 2 theme ΔFosB 1452:1456 arg1 up-regulation 1435:1447 up-regulation 1435:1447 up-regulation of ΔFosB 1435:1456 There was up-regulation of ΔFosB in the dorsal raphe nucleus in the absence of gut microbiota, events not influenced by LPS treatment. 27316342 2 3 theme present 251:257 arg1 work 259:262 the present work 247:262 the present work 247:262 In the present work we evaluated the relationship between the absence of gut microbiota and neuroinflammatory mechanisms in a murine model of LPS-induced behavioral alterations. 27316342 6 4 theme TNF 1149:1151 arg1 expression 1135:1144 the expression 1131:1144 the expression of TNF and Iba-1 in the hippocampus 1131:1180 LPS-induced changes were followed by up-regulation of the expression of TNF and Iba-1 in the hippocampus. 27316342 6 5 theme expression 1135:1144 arg1 up-regulation 1114:1126 up-regulation 1114:1126 up-regulation of the expression of TNF and Iba-1 in the hippocampus 1114:1180 LPS-induced changes were followed by up-regulation of the expression of TNF and Iba-1 in the hippocampus. 27316342 10 6 theme raphe 1472:1476 arg1 nucleus 1478:1484 the dorsal raphe nucleus 1461:1484 the dorsal raphe nucleus in the absence of gut microbiota 1461:1517 There was up-regulation of ΔFosB in the dorsal raphe nucleus in the absence of gut microbiota, events not influenced by LPS treatment. 27316342 4 7 theme prefrontal 832:841 arg1 cortex 843:848 prefrontal cortex 832:848 prefrontal cortex 832:848 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 10 8 theme gut 1504:1506 arg1 microbiota 1508:1517 gut microbiota 1504:1517 gut microbiota 1504:1517 There was up-regulation of ΔFosB in the dorsal raphe nucleus in the absence of gut microbiota, events not influenced by LPS treatment. 27316342 2 9 theme neuroinflammatory 336:352 arg1 mechanisms 354:363 neuroinflammatory mechanisms 336:363 neuroinflammatory mechanisms 336:363 In the present work we evaluated the relationship between the absence of gut microbiota and neuroinflammatory mechanisms in a murine model of LPS-induced behavioral alterations. 27316342 2 10 theme microbiota 321:330 arg1 absence 306:312 the absence 302:312 the absence of gut microbiota and neuroinflammatory mechanisms in a murine model of LPS-induced behavioral alterations 302:419 In the present work we evaluated the relationship between the absence of gut microbiota and neuroinflammatory mechanisms in a murine model of LPS-induced behavioral alterations. 27316342 1 11 theme disorders 233:241 arg1 physiopathology 197:211 the physiopathology 193:211 the physiopathology of neuropsychiatric disorders 193:241 Changes in the microbiota composition of gastrointestinal tract are emerging as potential players in the physiopathology of neuropsychiatric disorders. 27316342 4 12 theme activation 907:916 arg1 marker 918:923 microglial activation marker 896:923 microglial activation marker 896:923 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 4 12 theme activation 907:916 arg1 Iba-1 889:893 Iba-1 889:893 Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) 889:924 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 3 13 theme forced 610:615 arg1 test 626:629 forced swimming test 610:629 forced swimming test 610:629 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 3 13 theme forced 610:615 arg1 behaviors 599:607 depressive-like behaviors 583:607 depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT) 583:692 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 1 14 theme gastrointestinal 133:148 arg1 tract 150:154 gastrointestinal tract 133:154 gastrointestinal tract 133:154 Changes in the microbiota composition of gastrointestinal tract are emerging as potential players in the physiopathology of neuropsychiatric disorders. 27316342 2 15 from absence 306:312 arg1 model 377:381 a murine model 368:381 a murine model of LPS-induced behavioral alterations 368:419 In the present work we evaluated the relationship between the absence of gut microbiota and neuroinflammatory mechanisms in a murine model of LPS-induced behavioral alterations. 27316342 8 16 theme LPS 1252:1254 arg1 effects 1241:1247 Behavioral effects 1230:1247 Behavioral effects of LPS 1230:1254 Behavioral effects of LPS were not observed in GF mice submitted to TST. 27316342 6 17 from hippocampus 1170:1180 arg1 up-regulation 1114:1126 up-regulation 1114:1126 up-regulation of the expression of TNF and Iba-1 in the hippocampus 1114:1180 LPS-induced changes were followed by up-regulation of the expression of TNF and Iba-1 in the hippocampus. 27316342 3 18 theme tail 632:635 arg1 suspension 637:646 tail suspension 632:646 tail suspension test 632:651 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 6 19 theme Iba-1 1157:1161 arg1 expression 1135:1144 the expression 1131:1144 the expression of TNF and Iba-1 in the hippocampus 1131:1180 LPS-induced changes were followed by up-regulation of the expression of TNF and Iba-1 in the hippocampus. 27316342 7 20 theme same 1187:1190 arg1 effects 1192:1198 The same effects 1183:1198 The same effects 1183:1198 The same effects were not observed in GF mice. 27316342 7 21 located observed 1209:1216 arg2 effects 1192:1198 The same effects 1183:1198 The same effects 1183:1198 The same effects were not observed in GF mice. 27316342 7 21 located observed 1209:1216 arg1 mice 1224:1227 GF mice 1221:1227 GF mice 1221:1227 The same effects were not observed in GF mice. 27316342 4 22 theme possible 750:757 arg1 changes 759:765 possible changes 750:765 possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus 750:864 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 11 23 theme pro-inflammatory 1693:1708 arg1 mechanisms 1710:1719 pro-inflammatory mechanisms 1693:1719 pro-inflammatory mechanisms 1693:1719 Our results suggest that gut-microbiota interactions influence depressive-like behaviors, raphe nucleus activation and activation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms within the hippocampus. 27316342 3 24 dep LPS 519:521 arg1 0.83mg/Kg 529:537 0.83mg/Kg 529:537 LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg 519:537 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 4 25 from levels 822:827 arg1 hippocampus 854:864 hippocampus 854:864 hippocampus 854:864 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 4 25 from levels 822:827 arg1 cortex 843:848 prefrontal cortex 832:848 prefrontal cortex 832:848 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 4 26 theme activity 963:970 arg1 marker 972:977 the cellular activity marker 950:977 the cellular activity marker 950:977 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 4 26 theme activity 963:970 arg1 ΔFosB 980:984 ΔFosB 980:984 ΔFosB 980:984 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 10 27 theme LPS 1545:1547 arg1 treatment 1549:1557 LPS treatment 1545:1557 LPS treatment 1545:1557 There was up-regulation of ΔFosB in the dorsal raphe nucleus in the absence of gut microbiota, events not influenced by LPS treatment. 27316342 0 28 theme gut 11:13 arg1 microbiota 15:24 gut microbiota 11:24 gut microbiota 11:24 Absence of gut microbiota influences lipopolysaccharide-induced behavioral changes in mice. 27316342 3 29 theme conventional 440:451 arg1 mice 458:461 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice 422:461 mice 458:461 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 11 30 theme depressive-like 1623:1637 arg1 behaviors 1639:1647 depressive-like behaviors 1623:1647 depressive-like behaviors 1623:1647 Our results suggest that gut-microbiota interactions influence depressive-like behaviors, raphe nucleus activation and activation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms within the hippocampus. 27316342 6 31 from up-regulation 1114:1126 arg1 hippocampus 1170:1180 the hippocampus 1166:1180 the hippocampus 1166:1180 LPS-induced changes were followed by up-regulation of the expression of TNF and Iba-1 in the hippocampus. 27316342 4 32 theme cellular 954:961 arg1 marker 972:977 the cellular activity marker 950:977 the cellular activity marker 950:977 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 4 32 theme cellular 954:961 arg1 ΔFosB 980:984 ΔFosB 980:984 ΔFosB 980:984 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 0 33 theme behavioral 64:73 arg1 changes 75:81 lipopolysaccharide-induced behavioral changes 37:81 lipopolysaccharide-induced behavioral changes in mice 37:89 Absence of gut microbiota influences lipopolysaccharide-induced behavioral changes in mice. 27316342 9 34 theme GF 1303:1304 arg1 mice 1306:1309 GF mice 1303:1309 GF mice 1303:1309 GF mice present a lower response to the anhedonia-like effect induced by LPS when compared to conventional animals (SPT). 27316342 10 35 from nucleus 1478:1484 arg1 absence 1493:1499 the absence 1489:1499 the absence of gut microbiota 1489:1517 There was up-regulation of ΔFosB in the dorsal raphe nucleus in the absence of gut microbiota, events not influenced by LPS treatment. 27316342 3 36 theme suspension 637:646 arg1 test 648:651 tail suspension test 632:651 tail suspension test 632:651 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 3 36 theme suspension 637:646 arg1 behaviors 599:607 depressive-like behaviors 583:607 depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT) 583:692 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 11 37 theme nucleus 1656:1662 arg1 activation 1664:1673 raphe nucleus activation 1650:1673 raphe nucleus activation 1650:1673 Our results suggest that gut-microbiota interactions influence depressive-like behaviors, raphe nucleus activation and activation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms within the hippocampus. 27316342 7 38 theme GF 1221:1222 arg1 mice 1224:1227 GF mice 1221:1227 GF mice 1221:1227 The same effects were not observed in GF mice. 27316342 10 39 theme dorsal 1465:1470 arg1 nucleus 1478:1484 the dorsal raphe nucleus 1461:1484 the dorsal raphe nucleus in the absence of gut microbiota 1461:1517 There was up-regulation of ΔFosB in the dorsal raphe nucleus in the absence of gut microbiota, events not influenced by LPS treatment. 27316342 2 40 theme alterations 409:419 arg1 model 377:381 a murine model 368:381 a murine model of LPS-induced behavioral alterations 368:419 In the present work we evaluated the relationship between the absence of gut microbiota and neuroinflammatory mechanisms in a murine model of LPS-induced behavioral alterations. 27316342 9 41 theme lower 1321:1325 arg1 response 1327:1334 a lower response 1319:1334 a lower response to the anhedonia-like effect induced by LPS 1319:1378 GF mice present a lower response to the anhedonia-like effect induced by LPS when compared to conventional animals (SPT). 27316342 3 42 dep lipopolysaccharide 499:516 arg1 LPS 519:521 LPS 519:521 LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg 519:537 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 4 43 theme raphe 1001:1005 arg1 nucleus 1007:1013 the dorsal raphe nucleus 990:1013 the dorsal raphe nucleus 990:1013 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 2 44 theme LPS-induced 386:396 arg1 alterations 409:419 LPS-induced behavioral alterations 386:419 LPS-induced behavioral alterations 386:419 In the present work we evaluated the relationship between the absence of gut microbiota and neuroinflammatory mechanisms in a murine model of LPS-induced behavioral alterations. 27316342 1 45 from Changes 92:98 arg1 composition 118:128 the microbiota composition 103:128 the microbiota composition of gastrointestinal tract 103:154 Changes in the microbiota composition of gastrointestinal tract are emerging as potential players in the physiopathology of neuropsychiatric disorders. 27316342 2 46 theme gut 317:319 arg1 microbiota 321:330 gut microbiota 317:330 gut microbiota 317:330 In the present work we evaluated the relationship between the absence of gut microbiota and neuroinflammatory mechanisms in a murine model of LPS-induced behavioral alterations. 27316342 9 47 theme anhedonia-like 1343:1356 arg1 effect 1358:1363 the anhedonia-like effect 1339:1363 the anhedonia-like effect induced by LPS 1339:1378 GF mice present a lower response to the anhedonia-like effect induced by LPS when compared to conventional animals (SPT). 27316342 4 48 theme cytokines 812:820 arg1 levels 822:827 cytokines levels 812:827 cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus 812:864 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 10 49 theme microbiota 1508:1517 arg1 absence 1493:1499 the absence 1489:1499 the absence of gut microbiota 1489:1517 There was up-regulation of ΔFosB in the dorsal raphe nucleus in the absence of gut microbiota, events not influenced by LPS treatment. 27316342 2 50 theme mechanisms 354:363 arg1 absence 306:312 the absence 302:312 the absence of gut microbiota and neuroinflammatory mechanisms in a murine model of LPS-induced behavioral alterations 302:419 In the present work we evaluated the relationship between the absence of gut microbiota and neuroinflammatory mechanisms in a murine model of LPS-induced behavioral alterations. 27316342 3 51 theme sucrose 663:669 arg1 test 682:685 sucrose preference test 663:685 sucrose preference test 663:685 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 3 51 theme sucrose 663:669 arg1 behaviors 599:607 depressive-like behaviors 583:607 depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT) 583:692 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 1 52 theme neuropsychiatric 216:231 arg1 disorders 233:241 neuropsychiatric disorders 216:241 neuropsychiatric disorders 216:241 Changes in the microbiota composition of gastrointestinal tract are emerging as potential players in the physiopathology of neuropsychiatric disorders. 27316342 4 53 theme Iba-1 889:893 arg1 marker 972:977 the cellular activity marker 950:977 the cellular activity marker 950:977 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 4 53 theme Iba-1 889:893 arg1 expression 875:884 the expression 871:884 the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus 871:943 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 4 53 theme Iba-1 889:893 arg1 changes 759:765 possible changes 750:765 possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus 750:864 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 4 53 theme Iba-1 889:893 arg1 ΔFosB 980:984 ΔFosB 980:984 ΔFosB 980:984 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 5 54 theme conventional 1019:1030 arg1 mice 1032:1035 conventional mice 1019:1035 conventional mice 1019:1035 In conventional mice, LPS induced depressive-like behaviors. 27316342 9 55 theme conventional 1397:1408 arg1 SPT 1419:1421 SPT 1419:1421 SPT 1419:1421 GF mice present a lower response to the anhedonia-like effect induced by LPS when compared to conventional animals (SPT). 27316342 9 55 theme conventional 1397:1408 arg1 animals 1410:1416 conventional animals 1397:1416 conventional animals (SPT) 1397:1422 GF mice present a lower response to the anhedonia-like effect induced by LPS when compared to conventional animals (SPT). 27316342 4 56 theme microglial 896:905 arg1 marker 918:923 microglial activation marker 896:923 microglial activation marker 896:923 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 4 56 theme microglial 896:905 arg1 Iba-1 889:893 Iba-1 889:893 Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) 889:924 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 3 57 theme depressive-like 583:597 arg1 test 626:629 forced swimming test 610:629 forced swimming test 610:629 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 3 57 theme depressive-like 583:597 arg1 test 682:685 sucrose preference test 663:685 sucrose preference test 663:685 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 3 57 theme depressive-like 583:597 arg1 behaviors 599:607 depressive-like behaviors 583:607 depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT) 583:692 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 3 57 theme depressive-like 583:597 arg1 test 648:651 tail suspension test 632:651 tail suspension test 632:651 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 4 58 from NGF 804:806 arg1 hippocampus 854:864 hippocampus 854:864 hippocampus 854:864 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 4 58 from NGF 804:806 arg1 cortex 843:848 prefrontal cortex 832:848 prefrontal cortex 832:848 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 3 59 theme preference 671:680 arg1 test 682:685 sucrose preference test 663:685 sucrose preference test 663:685 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 3 59 theme preference 671:680 arg1 behaviors 599:607 depressive-like behaviors 583:607 depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT) 583:692 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 8 60 theme Behavioral 1230:1239 arg1 effects 1241:1247 Behavioral effects 1230:1247 Behavioral effects of LPS 1230:1254 Behavioral effects of LPS were not observed in GF mice submitted to TST. 27316342 4 61 from expression 875:884 arg1 neuroplasticity 770:784 neuroplasticity 770:784 neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus 770:864 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 4 61 from expression 875:884 arg1 hippocampus 933:943 the hippocampus 929:943 the hippocampus 929:943 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 4 62 from BDNF 798:801 arg1 hippocampus 854:864 hippocampus 854:864 hippocampus 854:864 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 4 62 from BDNF 798:801 arg1 cortex 843:848 prefrontal cortex 832:848 prefrontal cortex 832:848 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 1 63 theme tract 150:154 arg1 composition 118:128 the microbiota composition 103:128 the microbiota composition of gastrointestinal tract 103:154 Changes in the microbiota composition of gastrointestinal tract are emerging as potential players in the physiopathology of neuropsychiatric disorders. 27316342 4 64 theme behavioral 701:710 arg1 evaluation 712:721 behavioral evaluation 701:721 behavioral evaluation 701:721 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 3 65 theme swimming 617:624 arg1 test 626:629 forced swimming test 610:629 forced swimming test 610:629 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 3 65 theme swimming 617:624 arg1 behaviors 599:607 depressive-like behaviors 583:607 depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT) 583:692 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 1 66 theme potential 172:180 arg1 players 182:188 potential players 172:188 potential players in the physiopathology of neuropsychiatric disorders 172:241 Changes in the microbiota composition of gastrointestinal tract are emerging as potential players in the physiopathology of neuropsychiatric disorders. 27316342 1 67 from players 182:188 arg1 physiopathology 197:211 the physiopathology 193:211 the physiopathology of neuropsychiatric disorders 193:241 Changes in the microbiota composition of gastrointestinal tract are emerging as potential players in the physiopathology of neuropsychiatric disorders. 27316342 0 68 from changes 75:81 arg1 mice 86:89 mice 86:89 mice 86:89 Absence of gut microbiota influences lipopolysaccharide-induced behavioral changes in mice. 27316342 8 69 theme GF 1277:1278 arg1 mice 1280:1283 GF mice 1277:1283 GF mice submitted to TST 1277:1300 Behavioral effects of LPS were not observed in GF mice submitted to TST. 27316342 6 70 from expression 1135:1144 arg1 hippocampus 1170:1180 the hippocampus 1166:1180 the hippocampus 1166:1180 LPS-induced changes were followed by up-regulation of the expression of TNF and Iba-1 in the hippocampus. 27316342 11 71 theme mechanisms 1710:1719 arg1 activation 1679:1688 activation 1679:1688 activation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms within the hippocampus 1679:1742 Our results suggest that gut-microbiota interactions influence depressive-like behaviors, raphe nucleus activation and activation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms within the hippocampus. 27316342 11 71 theme mechanisms 1710:1719 arg1 activation 1664:1673 raphe nucleus activation 1650:1673 raphe nucleus activation 1650:1673 Our results suggest that gut-microbiota interactions influence depressive-like behaviors, raphe nucleus activation and activation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms within the hippocampus. 27316342 11 71 theme mechanisms 1710:1719 arg1 behaviors 1639:1647 depressive-like behaviors 1623:1647 depressive-like behaviors 1623:1647 Our results suggest that gut-microbiota interactions influence depressive-like behaviors, raphe nucleus activation and activation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms within the hippocampus. 27316342 3 72 dep test 626:629 arg1 SPT 689:691 SPT 689:691 SPT 689:691 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 3 73 theme single 474:479 arg1 injection 486:494 a single i.p. injection 472:494 a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS 472:545 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 0 74 theme microbiota 15:24 arg1 Absence 0:6 Absence 0:6 Absence of gut microbiota 0:24 Absence of gut microbiota influences lipopolysaccharide-induced behavioral changes in mice. 27316342 1 75 theme microbiota 107:116 arg1 composition 118:128 the microbiota composition 103:128 the microbiota composition of gastrointestinal tract 103:154 Changes in the microbiota composition of gastrointestinal tract are emerging as potential players in the physiopathology of neuropsychiatric disorders. 27316342 3 76 theme Germ-free 422:430 arg1 GF 433:434 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice 422:461 GF 433:434 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 3 77 theme lipopolysaccharide 499:516 arg1 injection 486:494 a single i.p. injection 472:494 a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS 472:545 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 0 78 theme lipopolysaccharide-induced 37:62 arg1 changes 75:81 lipopolysaccharide-induced behavioral changes 37:81 lipopolysaccharide-induced behavioral changes in mice 37:89 Absence of gut microbiota influences lipopolysaccharide-induced behavioral changes in mice. 27316342 3 79 theme male 453:456 arg1 mice 458:461 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice 422:461 mice 458:461 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 27316342 11 80 theme gut-microbiota 1585:1598 arg1 interactions 1600:1611 gut-microbiota interactions 1585:1611 gut-microbiota interactions 1585:1611 Our results suggest that gut-microbiota interactions influence depressive-like behaviors, raphe nucleus activation and activation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms within the hippocampus. 27316342 4 81 from marker 972:977 arg1 neuroplasticity 770:784 neuroplasticity 770:784 neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus 770:864 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 4 81 from marker 972:977 arg1 hippocampus 933:943 the hippocampus 929:943 the hippocampus 929:943 After behavioral evaluation, animals were analyzed for possible changes in neuroplasticity by means of BDNF, NGF and cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the expression of Iba-1 (microglial activation marker) in the hippocampus, and the cellular activity marker, ΔFosB, in the dorsal raphe nucleus. 27316342 5 82 theme depressive-like 1050:1064 arg1 behaviors 1066:1074 depressive-like behaviors 1050:1074 depressive-like behaviors 1050:1074 In conventional mice, LPS induced depressive-like behaviors. 27316342 11 83 theme raphe 1650:1654 arg1 activation 1664:1673 raphe nucleus activation 1650:1673 raphe nucleus activation 1650:1673 Our results suggest that gut-microbiota interactions influence depressive-like behaviors, raphe nucleus activation and activation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms within the hippocampus. 27316342 2 84 theme murine 370:375 arg1 model 377:381 a murine model 368:381 a murine model of LPS-induced behavioral alterations 368:419 In the present work we evaluated the relationship between the absence of gut microbiota and neuroinflammatory mechanisms in a murine model of LPS-induced behavioral alterations. 27316342 8 85 located observed 1265:1272 arg1 mice 1280:1283 GF mice 1277:1283 GF mice submitted to TST 1277:1300 Behavioral effects of LPS were not observed in GF mice submitted to TST. 27316342 8 85 located observed 1265:1272 arg2 effects 1241:1247 Behavioral effects 1230:1247 Behavioral effects of LPS 1230:1254 Behavioral effects of LPS were not observed in GF mice submitted to TST. 27316342 6 86 theme LPS-induced 1077:1087 arg1 changes 1089:1095 LPS-induced changes 1077:1095 LPS-induced changes 1077:1095 LPS-induced changes were followed by up-regulation of the expression of TNF and Iba-1 in the hippocampus. 27316342 2 87 theme behavioral 398:407 arg1 alterations 409:419 LPS-induced behavioral alterations 386:419 LPS-induced behavioral alterations 386:419 In the present work we evaluated the relationship between the absence of gut microbiota and neuroinflammatory mechanisms in a murine model of LPS-induced behavioral alterations. 27316342 3 88 theme PBS 543:545 arg1 injection 486:494 a single i.p. injection 472:494 a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS 472:545 Germ-free (GF) or conventional male mice received a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS i.p.; 0.83mg/Kg) or PBS, and after 24h they were tested for depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming test, tail suspension test - TST, or sucrose preference test - SPT). 25462167 7 0 theme large 1022:1026 arg1 vesicles 1040:1047 large unilamellar vesicles 1022:1047 large unilamellar vesicles containing fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 1022:1093 Using giant unilamellar vesicles encapsulating calcein and large unilamellar vesicles containing fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, which were similar in composition to typical E. coli O157 and C. albicans membranes, we demonstrated that scolopendin 2 disrupts membranes, resulting in a pore size between 4.8 nm and 5.0 nm. 25462167 2 1 theme hemolytic 364:372 arg1 effect 374:379 no hemolytic effect 361:379 no hemolytic effect 361:379 We observed that this peptide exhibited antimicrobial activity in a salt-dependent manner against various fungal and bacterial pathogens and showed no hemolytic effect in the range of 1.6 μM to 100 μM. 25462167 4 2 theme flow 556:559 arg1 cytometry 561:569 flow cytometry 556:569 flow cytometry 556:569 Furthermore, we determined the mechanism(s) of action using flow cytometry and by investigating the release of intracellular potassium. 25462167 6 3 theme bis- 808:811 arg1 oxonol 852:857 bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol and 3,3'-dipropylthiacarbocyanine iodide assays 808:905 oxonol 852:857 Additionally, bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol and 3,3'-dipropylthiacarbocyanine iodide assays showed that the peptide caused membrane depolarization. 25462167 4 4 dep using 550:554 arg1 investigating 578:590 investigating 578:590 investigating the release of intracellular potassium 578:629 Furthermore, we determined the mechanism(s) of action using flow cytometry and by investigating the release of intracellular potassium. 25462167 5 5 theme O157 716:719 arg1 membranes 686:694 the membranes 682:694 the membranes of Escherichia coli O157 and Candida albicans 682:740 The results showed that the peptide permeabilized the membranes of Escherichia coli O157 and Candida albicans, resulting in loss of intracellular potassium ions. 25462167 0 6 theme membrane-active 72:86 arg1 mechanism 88:96 its membrane-active mechanism 68:96 its membrane-active mechanism 68:96 Scolopendin 2, a cationic antimicrobial peptide from centipede, and its membrane-active mechanism. 25462167 7 7 theme unilamellar 975:985 arg1 vesicles 987:994 giant unilamellar vesicles 969:994 giant unilamellar vesicles encapsulating calcein 969:1016 Using giant unilamellar vesicles encapsulating calcein and large unilamellar vesicles containing fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, which were similar in composition to typical E. coli O157 and C. albicans membranes, we demonstrated that scolopendin 2 disrupts membranes, resulting in a pore size between 4.8 nm and 5.0 nm. 25462167 2 8 theme salt-dependent 281:294 arg1 manner 296:301 a salt-dependent manner 279:301 a salt-dependent manner 279:301 We observed that this peptide exhibited antimicrobial activity in a salt-dependent manner against various fungal and bacterial pathogens and showed no hemolytic effect in the range of 1.6 μM to 100 μM. 25462167 2 9 theme bacterial 330:338 arg1 pathogens 340:348 various fungal and bacterial pathogens 311:348 various fungal and bacterial pathogens 311:348 We observed that this peptide exhibited antimicrobial activity in a salt-dependent manner against various fungal and bacterial pathogens and showed no hemolytic effect in the range of 1.6 μM to 100 μM. 25462167 5 10 theme Candida 725:731 arg1 albicans 733:740 Candida albicans 725:740 Candida albicans 725:740 The results showed that the peptide permeabilized the membranes of Escherichia coli O157 and Candida albicans, resulting in loss of intracellular potassium ions. 25462167 3 11 contain has 467:469 arg2 properties 484:493 an α-helical properties 471:493 an α-helical properties 471:493 Circular dichroism analysis showed that the peptide has an α-helical properties. 25462167 3 11 contain has 467:469 arg1 peptide 459:465 the peptide 455:465 the peptide 455:465 Circular dichroism analysis showed that the peptide has an α-helical properties. 25462167 2 12 theme 100 407:409 arg1 μM 401:402 μM 401:402 μM 401:402 We observed that this peptide exhibited antimicrobial activity in a salt-dependent manner against various fungal and bacterial pathogens and showed no hemolytic effect in the range of 1.6 μM to 100 μM. 25462167 8 13 theme broad-spectrum 1380:1393 arg1 effects 1409:1415 its broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects 1376:1415 its broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects 1376:1415 Thus, we have demonstrated that a cationic antimicrobial peptide, scolopendin 2, exerts its broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects by forming pores in the cell membrane. 25462167 3 14 theme dichroism 424:432 arg1 analysis 434:441 Circular dichroism analysis 415:441 Circular dichroism analysis 415:441 Circular dichroism analysis showed that the peptide has an α-helical properties. 25462167 5 15 theme albicans 733:740 arg1 membranes 686:694 the membranes 682:694 the membranes of Escherichia coli O157 and Candida albicans 682:740 The results showed that the peptide permeabilized the membranes of Escherichia coli O157 and Candida albicans, resulting in loss of intracellular potassium ions. 25462167 7 16 theme C. 1158:1159 arg1 membranes 1170:1178 C. albicans membranes 1158:1178 C. albicans membranes 1158:1178 Using giant unilamellar vesicles encapsulating calcein and large unilamellar vesicles containing fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, which were similar in composition to typical E. coli O157 and C. albicans membranes, we demonstrated that scolopendin 2 disrupts membranes, resulting in a pore size between 4.8 nm and 5.0 nm. 25462167 6 17 theme trimethine 841:850 arg1 oxonol 852:857 bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol and 3,3'-dipropylthiacarbocyanine iodide assays 808:905 oxonol 852:857 Additionally, bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol and 3,3'-dipropylthiacarbocyanine iodide assays showed that the peptide caused membrane depolarization. 25462167 6 18 theme iodide 893:898 arg1 assays 900:905 bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol and 3,3'-dipropylthiacarbocyanine iodide assays 808:905 assays 900:905 Additionally, bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol and 3,3'-dipropylthiacarbocyanine iodide assays showed that the peptide caused membrane depolarization. 25462167 7 19 theme coli 1144:1147 arg1 O157 1149:1152 typical E. coli O157 1133:1152 typical E. coli O157 1133:1152 Using giant unilamellar vesicles encapsulating calcein and large unilamellar vesicles containing fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, which were similar in composition to typical E. coli O157 and C. albicans membranes, we demonstrated that scolopendin 2 disrupts membranes, resulting in a pore size between 4.8 nm and 5.0 nm. 25462167 7 20 theme giant 969:973 arg1 vesicles 987:994 giant unilamellar vesicles 969:994 giant unilamellar vesicles encapsulating calcein 969:1016 Using giant unilamellar vesicles encapsulating calcein and large unilamellar vesicles containing fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, which were similar in composition to typical E. coli O157 and C. albicans membranes, we demonstrated that scolopendin 2 disrupts membranes, resulting in a pore size between 4.8 nm and 5.0 nm. 25462167 8 21 from pores 1428:1432 arg1 membrane 1446:1453 the cell membrane 1437:1453 the cell membrane 1437:1453 Thus, we have demonstrated that a cationic antimicrobial peptide, scolopendin 2, exerts its broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects by forming pores in the cell membrane. 25462167 7 22 from composition 1118:1128 arg1 similar 1107:1113 similar 1107:1113 similar 1107:1113 Using giant unilamellar vesicles encapsulating calcein and large unilamellar vesicles containing fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, which were similar in composition to typical E. coli O157 and C. albicans membranes, we demonstrated that scolopendin 2 disrupts membranes, resulting in a pore size between 4.8 nm and 5.0 nm. 25462167 2 23 theme fungal 319:324 arg1 pathogens 340:348 various fungal and bacterial pathogens 311:348 various fungal and bacterial pathogens 311:348 We observed that this peptide exhibited antimicrobial activity in a salt-dependent manner against various fungal and bacterial pathogens and showed no hemolytic effect in the range of 1.6 μM to 100 μM. 25462167 1 24 theme centipede 169:177 arg1 mutilans 203:210 the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans 165:210 the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans 165:210 Scolopendin 2 is a 16-mer peptide (AGLQFPVGRIGRLLRK) derived from the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. 25462167 7 25 theme typical 1133:1139 arg1 O157 1149:1152 typical E. coli O157 1133:1152 typical E. coli O157 1133:1152 Using giant unilamellar vesicles encapsulating calcein and large unilamellar vesicles containing fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, which were similar in composition to typical E. coli O157 and C. albicans membranes, we demonstrated that scolopendin 2 disrupts membranes, resulting in a pore size between 4.8 nm and 5.0 nm. 25462167 2 26 theme various 311:317 arg1 pathogens 340:348 various fungal and bacterial pathogens 311:348 various fungal and bacterial pathogens 311:348 We observed that this peptide exhibited antimicrobial activity in a salt-dependent manner against various fungal and bacterial pathogens and showed no hemolytic effect in the range of 1.6 μM to 100 μM. 25462167 2 27 theme μM 411:412 arg1 range 388:392 the range 384:392 the range of 1.6 μM to 100 μM 384:412 We observed that this peptide exhibited antimicrobial activity in a salt-dependent manner against various fungal and bacterial pathogens and showed no hemolytic effect in the range of 1.6 μM to 100 μM. 25462167 8 28 theme antimicrobial 1395:1407 arg1 effects 1409:1415 its broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects 1376:1415 its broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects 1376:1415 Thus, we have demonstrated that a cationic antimicrobial peptide, scolopendin 2, exerts its broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects by forming pores in the cell membrane. 25462167 4 29 theme action 543:548 arg1 s 537:537 the mechanism(s) 523:538 the mechanism(s) of action 523:548 Furthermore, we determined the mechanism(s) of action using flow cytometry and by investigating the release of intracellular potassium. 25462167 7 30 theme E. 1141:1142 arg1 O157 1149:1152 typical E. coli O157 1133:1152 typical E. coli O157 1133:1152 Using giant unilamellar vesicles encapsulating calcein and large unilamellar vesicles containing fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, which were similar in composition to typical E. coli O157 and C. albicans membranes, we demonstrated that scolopendin 2 disrupts membranes, resulting in a pore size between 4.8 nm and 5.0 nm. 25462167 6 31 theme 3,3'-dipropylthiacarbocyanine 863:891 arg1 assays 900:905 bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol and 3,3'-dipropylthiacarbocyanine iodide assays 808:905 assays 900:905 Additionally, bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol and 3,3'-dipropylthiacarbocyanine iodide assays showed that the peptide caused membrane depolarization. 25462167 2 32 from activity 267:274 arg1 manner 296:301 a salt-dependent manner 279:301 a salt-dependent manner 279:301 We observed that this peptide exhibited antimicrobial activity in a salt-dependent manner against various fungal and bacterial pathogens and showed no hemolytic effect in the range of 1.6 μM to 100 μM. 25462167 1 33 theme subspinipes 191:201 arg1 mutilans 203:210 the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans 165:210 the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans 165:210 Scolopendin 2 is a 16-mer peptide (AGLQFPVGRIGRLLRK) derived from the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. 25462167 0 34 theme antimicrobial 26:38 arg1 Scolopendin 0:10 Scolopendin 2 0:12 Scolopendin 2 0:12 Scolopendin 2, a cationic antimicrobial peptide from centipede, and its membrane-active mechanism. 25462167 0 34 theme antimicrobial 26:38 arg1 peptide 40:46 a cationic antimicrobial peptide 15:46 a cationic antimicrobial peptide from centipede 15:61 Scolopendin 2, a cationic antimicrobial peptide from centipede, and its membrane-active mechanism. 25462167 5 35 theme Escherichia 699:709 arg1 O157 716:719 Escherichia coli O157 699:719 Escherichia coli O157 699:719 The results showed that the peptide permeabilized the membranes of Escherichia coli O157 and Candida albicans, resulting in loss of intracellular potassium ions. 25462167 1 36 attach derived 152:158 arg2 Scolopendin 99:109 Scolopendin 2 99:111 Scolopendin 2 99:111 Scolopendin 2 is a 16-mer peptide (AGLQFPVGRIGRLLRK) derived from the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. 25462167 1 36 attach derived 152:158 arg2 AGLQFPVGRIGRLLRK 134:149 AGLQFPVGRIGRLLRK 134:149 AGLQFPVGRIGRLLRK 134:149 Scolopendin 2 is a 16-mer peptide (AGLQFPVGRIGRLLRK) derived from the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. 25462167 1 36 attach derived 152:158 arg1 mutilans 203:210 the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans 165:210 the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans 165:210 Scolopendin 2 is a 16-mer peptide (AGLQFPVGRIGRLLRK) derived from the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. 25462167 1 36 attach derived 152:158 arg2 peptide 125:131 a 16-mer peptide 116:131 a 16-mer peptide (AGLQFPVGRIGRLLRK) derived from the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans 116:210 Scolopendin 2 is a 16-mer peptide (AGLQFPVGRIGRLLRK) derived from the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. 25462167 3 37 theme Circular 415:422 arg1 analysis 434:441 Circular dichroism analysis 415:441 Circular dichroism analysis 415:441 Circular dichroism analysis showed that the peptide has an α-helical properties. 25462167 2 38 theme 1.6 397:399 arg1 μM 401:402 μM 401:402 μM 401:402 We observed that this peptide exhibited antimicrobial activity in a salt-dependent manner against various fungal and bacterial pathogens and showed no hemolytic effect in the range of 1.6 μM to 100 μM. 25462167 0 39 theme cationic 17:24 arg1 Scolopendin 0:10 Scolopendin 2 0:12 Scolopendin 2 0:12 Scolopendin 2, a cationic antimicrobial peptide from centipede, and its membrane-active mechanism. 25462167 0 39 theme cationic 17:24 arg1 peptide 40:46 a cationic antimicrobial peptide 15:46 a cationic antimicrobial peptide from centipede 15:61 Scolopendin 2, a cationic antimicrobial peptide from centipede, and its membrane-active mechanism. 25462167 2 40 dep μM 401:402 arg1 to 404:405 to 404:405 to 404:405 We observed that this peptide exhibited antimicrobial activity in a salt-dependent manner against various fungal and bacterial pathogens and showed no hemolytic effect in the range of 1.6 μM to 100 μM. 25462167 8 41 theme cationic 1322:1329 arg1 scolopendin 1354:1364 scolopendin 2 1354:1366 scolopendin 2 1354:1366 Thus, we have demonstrated that a cationic antimicrobial peptide, scolopendin 2, exerts its broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects by forming pores in the cell membrane. 25462167 8 41 theme cationic 1322:1329 arg1 peptide 1345:1351 a cationic antimicrobial peptide 1320:1351 a cationic antimicrobial peptide 1320:1351 Thus, we have demonstrated that a cationic antimicrobial peptide, scolopendin 2, exerts its broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects by forming pores in the cell membrane. 25462167 4 42 theme potassium 621:629 arg1 release 596:602 the release 592:602 the release of intracellular potassium 592:629 Furthermore, we determined the mechanism(s) of action using flow cytometry and by investigating the release of intracellular potassium. 25462167 5 43 theme potassium 778:786 arg1 ions 788:791 intracellular potassium ions 764:791 intracellular potassium ions 764:791 The results showed that the peptide permeabilized the membranes of Escherichia coli O157 and Candida albicans, resulting in loss of intracellular potassium ions. 25462167 7 44 theme pore 1251:1254 arg1 size 1256:1259 a pore size 1249:1259 a pore size between 4.8 nm and 5.0 nm 1249:1285 Using giant unilamellar vesicles encapsulating calcein and large unilamellar vesicles containing fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, which were similar in composition to typical E. coli O157 and C. albicans membranes, we demonstrated that scolopendin 2 disrupts membranes, resulting in a pore size between 4.8 nm and 5.0 nm. 25462167 0 45 from centipede 53:61 arg1 Scolopendin 0:10 Scolopendin 2 0:12 Scolopendin 2 0:12 Scolopendin 2, a cationic antimicrobial peptide from centipede, and its membrane-active mechanism. 25462167 0 45 from centipede 53:61 arg1 peptide 40:46 a cationic antimicrobial peptide 15:46 a cationic antimicrobial peptide from centipede 15:61 Scolopendin 2, a cationic antimicrobial peptide from centipede, and its membrane-active mechanism. 25462167 8 46 theme cell 1441:1444 arg1 membrane 1446:1453 the cell membrane 1437:1453 the cell membrane 1437:1453 Thus, we have demonstrated that a cationic antimicrobial peptide, scolopendin 2, exerts its broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects by forming pores in the cell membrane. 25462167 3 47 theme α-helical 474:482 arg1 properties 484:493 an α-helical properties 471:493 an α-helical properties 471:493 Circular dichroism analysis showed that the peptide has an α-helical properties. 25462167 5 48 theme ions 788:791 arg1 loss 756:759 loss 756:759 loss of intracellular potassium ions 756:791 The results showed that the peptide permeabilized the membranes of Escherichia coli O157 and Candida albicans, resulting in loss of intracellular potassium ions. 25462167 6 49 dep bis- 808:811 arg1 acid 835:838 1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid 813:838 1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid 813:838 Additionally, bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol and 3,3'-dipropylthiacarbocyanine iodide assays showed that the peptide caused membrane depolarization. 25462167 4 50 theme mechanism 527:535 arg1 s 537:537 the mechanism(s) 523:538 the mechanism(s) of action 523:548 Furthermore, we determined the mechanism(s) of action using flow cytometry and by investigating the release of intracellular potassium. 25462167 5 51 theme intracellular 764:776 arg1 ions 788:791 intracellular potassium ions 764:791 intracellular potassium ions 764:791 The results showed that the peptide permeabilized the membranes of Escherichia coli O157 and Candida albicans, resulting in loss of intracellular potassium ions. 25462167 7 52 theme fluorescein 1060:1070 arg1 isothiocyanate-dextran 1072:1093 fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 1060:1093 fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 1060:1093 Using giant unilamellar vesicles encapsulating calcein and large unilamellar vesicles containing fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, which were similar in composition to typical E. coli O157 and C. albicans membranes, we demonstrated that scolopendin 2 disrupts membranes, resulting in a pore size between 4.8 nm and 5.0 nm. 25462167 8 53 theme antimicrobial 1331:1343 arg1 scolopendin 1354:1364 scolopendin 2 1354:1366 scolopendin 2 1354:1366 Thus, we have demonstrated that a cationic antimicrobial peptide, scolopendin 2, exerts its broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects by forming pores in the cell membrane. 25462167 8 53 theme antimicrobial 1331:1343 arg1 peptide 1345:1351 a cationic antimicrobial peptide 1320:1351 a cationic antimicrobial peptide 1320:1351 Thus, we have demonstrated that a cationic antimicrobial peptide, scolopendin 2, exerts its broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects by forming pores in the cell membrane. 25462167 6 54 theme 1,3-dibutylbarbituric 813:833 arg1 acid 835:838 1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid 813:838 1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid 813:838 Additionally, bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol and 3,3'-dipropylthiacarbocyanine iodide assays showed that the peptide caused membrane depolarization. 25462167 2 55 theme antimicrobial 253:265 arg1 activity 267:274 antimicrobial activity 253:274 antimicrobial activity in a salt-dependent manner 253:301 We observed that this peptide exhibited antimicrobial activity in a salt-dependent manner against various fungal and bacterial pathogens and showed no hemolytic effect in the range of 1.6 μM to 100 μM. 25462167 7 56 theme unilamellar 1028:1038 arg1 vesicles 1040:1047 large unilamellar vesicles 1022:1047 large unilamellar vesicles containing fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 1022:1093 Using giant unilamellar vesicles encapsulating calcein and large unilamellar vesicles containing fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, which were similar in composition to typical E. coli O157 and C. albicans membranes, we demonstrated that scolopendin 2 disrupts membranes, resulting in a pore size between 4.8 nm and 5.0 nm. 25462167 1 57 theme 16-mer 118:123 arg1 AGLQFPVGRIGRLLRK 134:149 AGLQFPVGRIGRLLRK 134:149 AGLQFPVGRIGRLLRK 134:149 Scolopendin 2 is a 16-mer peptide (AGLQFPVGRIGRLLRK) derived from the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. 25462167 1 57 theme 16-mer 118:123 arg1 peptide 125:131 a 16-mer peptide 116:131 a 16-mer peptide (AGLQFPVGRIGRLLRK) derived from the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans 116:210 Scolopendin 2 is a 16-mer peptide (AGLQFPVGRIGRLLRK) derived from the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. 25462167 1 57 theme 16-mer 118:123 arg1 Scolopendin 99:109 Scolopendin 2 99:111 Scolopendin 2 99:111 Scolopendin 2 is a 16-mer peptide (AGLQFPVGRIGRLLRK) derived from the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. 25462167 5 58 dep Escherichia 699:709 arg1 coli 711:714 coli 711:714 coli 711:714 The results showed that the peptide permeabilized the membranes of Escherichia coli O157 and Candida albicans, resulting in loss of intracellular potassium ions. 25462167 1 59 theme Scolopendra 179:189 arg1 mutilans 203:210 the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans 165:210 the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans 165:210 Scolopendin 2 is a 16-mer peptide (AGLQFPVGRIGRLLRK) derived from the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. 25462167 7 60 dep C. 1158:1159 arg1 albicans 1161:1168 albicans 1161:1168 albicans 1161:1168 Using giant unilamellar vesicles encapsulating calcein and large unilamellar vesicles containing fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, which were similar in composition to typical E. coli O157 and C. albicans membranes, we demonstrated that scolopendin 2 disrupts membranes, resulting in a pore size between 4.8 nm and 5.0 nm. 25462167 7 61 from similar 1107:1113 arg1 composition 1118:1128 composition 1118:1128 composition 1118:1128 Using giant unilamellar vesicles encapsulating calcein and large unilamellar vesicles containing fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, which were similar in composition to typical E. coli O157 and C. albicans membranes, we demonstrated that scolopendin 2 disrupts membranes, resulting in a pore size between 4.8 nm and 5.0 nm. 25462167 6 62 theme membrane 938:945 arg1 depolarization 947:960 membrane depolarization 938:960 membrane depolarization 938:960 Additionally, bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol and 3,3'-dipropylthiacarbocyanine iodide assays showed that the peptide caused membrane depolarization. 25462167 4 63 theme intracellular 607:619 arg1 potassium 621:629 intracellular potassium 607:629 intracellular potassium 607:629 Furthermore, we determined the mechanism(s) of action using flow cytometry and by investigating the release of intracellular potassium. 25462167 7 64 contain containing 1049:1058 arg1 vesicles 1040:1047 large unilamellar vesicles 1022:1047 large unilamellar vesicles containing fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 1022:1093 Using giant unilamellar vesicles encapsulating calcein and large unilamellar vesicles containing fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, which were similar in composition to typical E. coli O157 and C. albicans membranes, we demonstrated that scolopendin 2 disrupts membranes, resulting in a pore size between 4.8 nm and 5.0 nm. 25462167 7 64 contain containing 1049:1058 arg2 isothiocyanate-dextran 1072:1093 fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 1060:1093 fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 1060:1093 Using giant unilamellar vesicles encapsulating calcein and large unilamellar vesicles containing fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, which were similar in composition to typical E. coli O157 and C. albicans membranes, we demonstrated that scolopendin 2 disrupts membranes, resulting in a pore size between 4.8 nm and 5.0 nm. 27662652 0 0 theme Murine 94:99 arg1 Models 101:106 Murine Models 94:106 Murine Models 94:106 Carbohydrate-Binding Non-Peptidic Pradimicins for the Treatment of Acute Sleeping Sickness in Murine Models. 27662652 1 1 theme human 171:175 arg1 HAT 202:204 HAT 202:204 HAT 202:204 Current treatments available for African sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are limited, with poor efficacy and unacceptable safety profiles. 27662652 1 1 theme human 171:175 arg1 trypanosomiasis 185:199 human African trypanosomiasis 171:199 human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) 171:205 Current treatments available for African sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are limited, with poor efficacy and unacceptable safety profiles. 27662652 1 2 theme safety 256:261 arg1 profiles 263:270 poor efficacy and unacceptable safety profiles 225:270 poor efficacy and unacceptable safety profiles 225:270 Current treatments available for African sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are limited, with poor efficacy and unacceptable safety profiles. 27662652 5 3 attach attached 840:847 arg1 glycoproteins 872:884 the variant surface glycoproteins 852:884 the variant surface glycoproteins 852:884 By inducing resistance in vitro we have established that the composition of the sugars attached to the variant surface glycoproteins are critical to the mode of action of pradimicins and play an important role in infectivity. 27662652 5 3 attach attached 840:847 arg2 sugars 833:838 the sugars 829:838 the sugars attached to the variant surface glycoproteins 829:884 By inducing resistance in vitro we have established that the composition of the sugars attached to the variant surface glycoproteins are critical to the mode of action of pradimicins and play an important role in infectivity. 27662652 1 4 theme African 177:183 arg1 HAT 202:204 HAT 202:204 HAT 202:204 Current treatments available for African sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are limited, with poor efficacy and unacceptable safety profiles. 27662652 1 4 theme African 177:183 arg1 trypanosomiasis 185:199 human African trypanosomiasis 171:199 human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) 171:205 Current treatments available for African sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are limited, with poor efficacy and unacceptable safety profiles. 27662652 5 5 theme important 948:956 arg1 role 958:961 an important role 945:961 an important role 945:961 By inducing resistance in vitro we have established that the composition of the sugars attached to the variant surface glycoproteins are critical to the mode of action of pradimicins and play an important role in infectivity. 27662652 3 6 theme carbohydrate 546:557 arg1 moiety 559:564 the carbohydrate moiety 542:564 the carbohydrate moiety of the parasite surface glycoproteins 542:602 Pradimicin and its derivatives are non-peptidic carbohydrate-binding agents that adhere to the carbohydrate moiety of the parasite surface glycoproteins inducing parasite lysis in vitro. 27662652 4 7 theme form 724:727 arg1 cure 707:710 cure 707:710 cure of an acute form of the disease in mice 707:750 Notably, pradimicin S has good pharmaceutical properties and enables cure of an acute form of the disease in mice. 27662652 2 8 theme disease 333:339 arg1 treatment 315:323 treatment 315:323 treatment of this disease based on the use of compounds that bind to parasite surface glycans leading to rapid killing of trypanosomes 315:448 Here, we report a new approach to address treatment of this disease based on the use of compounds that bind to parasite surface glycans leading to rapid killing of trypanosomes. 27662652 5 9 theme variant 856:862 arg1 glycoproteins 872:884 the variant surface glycoproteins 852:884 the variant surface glycoproteins 852:884 By inducing resistance in vitro we have established that the composition of the sugars attached to the variant surface glycoproteins are critical to the mode of action of pradimicins and play an important role in infectivity. 27662652 4 10 theme good 664:667 arg1 properties 684:693 good pharmaceutical properties 664:693 good pharmaceutical properties 664:693 Notably, pradimicin S has good pharmaceutical properties and enables cure of an acute form of the disease in mice. 27662652 0 11 from Treatment 54:62 arg1 Models 101:106 Murine Models 94:106 Murine Models 94:106 Carbohydrate-Binding Non-Peptidic Pradimicins for the Treatment of Acute Sleeping Sickness in Murine Models. 27662652 4 12 from mice 747:750 arg1 form 724:727 an acute form 715:727 an acute form of the disease in mice 715:750 Notably, pradimicin S has good pharmaceutical properties and enables cure of an acute form of the disease in mice. 27662652 2 13 theme rapid 420:424 arg1 killing 426:432 rapid killing 420:432 rapid killing of trypanosomes 420:448 Here, we report a new approach to address treatment of this disease based on the use of compounds that bind to parasite surface glycans leading to rapid killing of trypanosomes. 27662652 0 14 theme Non-Peptidic 21:32 arg1 Pradimicins 34:44 Carbohydrate-Binding Non-Peptidic Pradimicins 0:44 Carbohydrate-Binding Non-Peptidic Pradimicins for the Treatment of Acute Sleeping Sickness in Murine Models. 0:107 Carbohydrate-Binding Non-Peptidic Pradimicins for the Treatment of Acute Sleeping Sickness in Murine Models. 27662652 4 15 theme disease 736:742 arg1 form 724:727 an acute form 715:727 an acute form of the disease in mice 715:750 Notably, pradimicin S has good pharmaceutical properties and enables cure of an acute form of the disease in mice. 27662652 2 16 theme compounds 361:369 arg1 use 354:356 the use 350:356 the use of compounds that bind to parasite surface glycans leading to rapid killing of trypanosomes 350:448 Here, we report a new approach to address treatment of this disease based on the use of compounds that bind to parasite surface glycans leading to rapid killing of trypanosomes. 27662652 0 17 theme Carbohydrate-Binding 0:19 arg1 Pradimicins 34:44 Carbohydrate-Binding Non-Peptidic Pradimicins 0:44 Carbohydrate-Binding Non-Peptidic Pradimicins for the Treatment of Acute Sleeping Sickness in Murine Models. 0:107 Carbohydrate-Binding Non-Peptidic Pradimicins for the Treatment of Acute Sleeping Sickness in Murine Models. 27662652 4 18 from disease 736:742 arg1 mice 747:750 mice 747:750 mice 747:750 Notably, pradimicin S has good pharmaceutical properties and enables cure of an acute form of the disease in mice. 27662652 3 19 theme parasite 573:580 arg1 glycoproteins 590:602 the parasite surface glycoproteins 569:602 the parasite surface glycoproteins 569:602 Pradimicin and its derivatives are non-peptidic carbohydrate-binding agents that adhere to the carbohydrate moiety of the parasite surface glycoproteins inducing parasite lysis in vitro. 27662652 4 20 theme pharmaceutical 669:682 arg1 properties 684:693 good pharmaceutical properties 664:693 good pharmaceutical properties 664:693 Notably, pradimicin S has good pharmaceutical properties and enables cure of an acute form of the disease in mice. 27662652 5 21 theme sugars 833:838 arg1 critical 890:897 critical 890:897 critical 890:897 By inducing resistance in vitro we have established that the composition of the sugars attached to the variant surface glycoproteins are critical to the mode of action of pradimicins and play an important role in infectivity. 27662652 5 21 theme sugars 833:838 arg1 composition 814:824 the composition 810:824 the composition of the sugars attached to the variant surface glycoproteins 810:884 By inducing resistance in vitro we have established that the composition of the sugars attached to the variant surface glycoproteins are critical to the mode of action of pradimicins and play an important role in infectivity. 27662652 5 22 theme action 914:919 arg1 mode 906:909 the mode 902:909 the mode of action of pradimicins 902:934 By inducing resistance in vitro we have established that the composition of the sugars attached to the variant surface glycoproteins are critical to the mode of action of pradimicins and play an important role in infectivity. 27662652 1 23 theme Current 109:115 arg1 treatments 117:126 Current treatments 109:126 Current treatments available for African sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) 109:205 Current treatments available for African sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are limited, with poor efficacy and unacceptable safety profiles. 27662652 5 24 theme pradimicins 924:934 arg1 action 914:919 action 914:919 action of pradimicins 914:934 By inducing resistance in vitro we have established that the composition of the sugars attached to the variant surface glycoproteins are critical to the mode of action of pradimicins and play an important role in infectivity. 27662652 2 25 theme new 291:293 arg1 approach 295:302 a new approach 289:302 a new approach to address treatment of this disease based on the use of compounds that bind to parasite surface glycans leading to rapid killing of trypanosomes 289:448 Here, we report a new approach to address treatment of this disease based on the use of compounds that bind to parasite surface glycans leading to rapid killing of trypanosomes. 27662652 2 26 theme trypanosomes 437:448 arg1 killing 426:432 rapid killing 420:432 rapid killing of trypanosomes 420:448 Here, we report a new approach to address treatment of this disease based on the use of compounds that bind to parasite surface glycans leading to rapid killing of trypanosomes. 27662652 2 27 theme surface 393:399 arg1 glycans 401:407 parasite surface glycans 384:407 parasite surface glycans leading to rapid killing of trypanosomes 384:448 Here, we report a new approach to address treatment of this disease based on the use of compounds that bind to parasite surface glycans leading to rapid killing of trypanosomes. 27662652 3 28 theme non-peptidic 486:497 arg1 derivatives 470:480 its derivatives 466:480 its derivatives 466:480 Pradimicin and its derivatives are non-peptidic carbohydrate-binding agents that adhere to the carbohydrate moiety of the parasite surface glycoproteins inducing parasite lysis in vitro. 27662652 3 28 theme non-peptidic 486:497 arg1 agents 520:525 non-peptidic carbohydrate-binding agents 486:525 non-peptidic carbohydrate-binding agents that adhere to the carbohydrate moiety of the parasite surface glycoproteins inducing parasite lysis in vitro 486:635 Pradimicin and its derivatives are non-peptidic carbohydrate-binding agents that adhere to the carbohydrate moiety of the parasite surface glycoproteins inducing parasite lysis in vitro. 27662652 3 28 theme non-peptidic 486:497 arg1 Pradimicin 451:460 Pradimicin 451:460 Pradimicin 451:460 Pradimicin and its derivatives are non-peptidic carbohydrate-binding agents that adhere to the carbohydrate moiety of the parasite surface glycoproteins inducing parasite lysis in vitro. 27662652 3 29 gly glycoproteins 590:602 arg1 glycoproteins 590:602 the parasite surface glycoproteins 569:602 the parasite surface glycoproteins 569:602 Pradimicin and its derivatives are non-peptidic carbohydrate-binding agents that adhere to the carbohydrate moiety of the parasite surface glycoproteins inducing parasite lysis in vitro. 27662652 5 30 theme surface 864:870 arg1 glycoproteins 872:884 the variant surface glycoproteins 852:884 the variant surface glycoproteins 852:884 By inducing resistance in vitro we have established that the composition of the sugars attached to the variant surface glycoproteins are critical to the mode of action of pradimicins and play an important role in infectivity. 27662652 2 31 theme parasite 384:391 arg1 glycans 401:407 parasite surface glycans 384:407 parasite surface glycans leading to rapid killing of trypanosomes 384:448 Here, we report a new approach to address treatment of this disease based on the use of compounds that bind to parasite surface glycans leading to rapid killing of trypanosomes. 27662652 1 32 with limited 211:217 arg1 profiles 263:270 poor efficacy and unacceptable safety profiles 225:270 poor efficacy and unacceptable safety profiles 225:270 Current treatments available for African sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are limited, with poor efficacy and unacceptable safety profiles. 27662652 0 33 from Sickness 82:89 arg1 Models 101:106 Murine Models 94:106 Murine Models 94:106 Carbohydrate-Binding Non-Peptidic Pradimicins for the Treatment of Acute Sleeping Sickness in Murine Models. 27662652 3 34 theme parasite 613:620 arg1 lysis 622:626 parasite lysis 613:626 parasite lysis 613:626 Pradimicin and its derivatives are non-peptidic carbohydrate-binding agents that adhere to the carbohydrate moiety of the parasite surface glycoproteins inducing parasite lysis in vitro. 27662652 4 35 theme pradimicin 647:656 arg1 S 658:658 pradimicin S 647:658 pradimicin S 647:658 Notably, pradimicin S has good pharmaceutical properties and enables cure of an acute form of the disease in mice. 27662652 0 36 theme Acute 67:71 arg1 Sickness 82:89 Acute Sleeping Sickness 67:89 Acute Sleeping Sickness in Murine Models 67:106 Carbohydrate-Binding Non-Peptidic Pradimicins for the Treatment of Acute Sleeping Sickness in Murine Models. 27662652 3 37 theme surface 582:588 arg1 glycoproteins 590:602 the parasite surface glycoproteins 569:602 the parasite surface glycoproteins 569:602 Pradimicin and its derivatives are non-peptidic carbohydrate-binding agents that adhere to the carbohydrate moiety of the parasite surface glycoproteins inducing parasite lysis in vitro. 27662652 1 38 theme available 128:136 arg1 treatments 117:126 Current treatments 109:126 Current treatments available for African sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) 109:205 Current treatments available for African sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are limited, with poor efficacy and unacceptable safety profiles. 27662652 5 39 gly glycoproteins 872:884 arg1 glycoproteins 872:884 the variant surface glycoproteins 852:884 the variant surface glycoproteins 852:884 By inducing resistance in vitro we have established that the composition of the sugars attached to the variant surface glycoproteins are critical to the mode of action of pradimicins and play an important role in infectivity. 27662652 3 40 theme glycoproteins 590:602 arg1 moiety 559:564 the carbohydrate moiety 542:564 the carbohydrate moiety of the parasite surface glycoproteins 542:602 Pradimicin and its derivatives are non-peptidic carbohydrate-binding agents that adhere to the carbohydrate moiety of the parasite surface glycoproteins inducing parasite lysis in vitro. 27662652 3 41 theme carbohydrate-binding 499:518 arg1 derivatives 470:480 its derivatives 466:480 its derivatives 466:480 Pradimicin and its derivatives are non-peptidic carbohydrate-binding agents that adhere to the carbohydrate moiety of the parasite surface glycoproteins inducing parasite lysis in vitro. 27662652 3 41 theme carbohydrate-binding 499:518 arg1 agents 520:525 non-peptidic carbohydrate-binding agents 486:525 non-peptidic carbohydrate-binding agents that adhere to the carbohydrate moiety of the parasite surface glycoproteins inducing parasite lysis in vitro 486:635 Pradimicin and its derivatives are non-peptidic carbohydrate-binding agents that adhere to the carbohydrate moiety of the parasite surface glycoproteins inducing parasite lysis in vitro. 27662652 3 41 theme carbohydrate-binding 499:518 arg1 Pradimicin 451:460 Pradimicin 451:460 Pradimicin 451:460 Pradimicin and its derivatives are non-peptidic carbohydrate-binding agents that adhere to the carbohydrate moiety of the parasite surface glycoproteins inducing parasite lysis in vitro. 27662652 4 42 theme acute 718:722 arg1 form 724:727 an acute form 715:727 an acute form of the disease in mice 715:750 Notably, pradimicin S has good pharmaceutical properties and enables cure of an acute form of the disease in mice. 27662652 1 43 theme African 142:148 arg1 sickness 159:166 African sleeping sickness 142:166 African sleeping sickness 142:166 Current treatments available for African sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are limited, with poor efficacy and unacceptable safety profiles. 27662652 4 44 from form 724:727 arg1 mice 747:750 mice 747:750 mice 747:750 Notably, pradimicin S has good pharmaceutical properties and enables cure of an acute form of the disease in mice. 27662652 1 45 theme poor 225:228 arg1 efficacy 230:237 poor efficacy 225:237 poor efficacy 225:237 Current treatments available for African sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are limited, with poor efficacy and unacceptable safety profiles. 27662652 4 46 contain has 660:662 arg2 properties 684:693 good pharmaceutical properties 664:693 good pharmaceutical properties 664:693 Notably, pradimicin S has good pharmaceutical properties and enables cure of an acute form of the disease in mice. 27662652 4 46 contain has 660:662 arg1 S 658:658 pradimicin S 647:658 pradimicin S 647:658 Notably, pradimicin S has good pharmaceutical properties and enables cure of an acute form of the disease in mice. 27662652 1 47 theme sleeping 150:157 arg1 sickness 159:166 African sleeping sickness 142:166 African sleeping sickness 142:166 Current treatments available for African sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are limited, with poor efficacy and unacceptable safety profiles. 27662652 1 48 theme efficacy 230:237 arg1 profiles 263:270 poor efficacy and unacceptable safety profiles 225:270 poor efficacy and unacceptable safety profiles 225:270 Current treatments available for African sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are limited, with poor efficacy and unacceptable safety profiles. 27662652 0 49 theme Sickness 82:89 arg1 Treatment 54:62 the Treatment 50:62 the Treatment of Acute Sleeping Sickness in Murine Models 50:106 Carbohydrate-Binding Non-Peptidic Pradimicins for the Treatment of Acute Sleeping Sickness in Murine Models. 27662652 0 50 from Models 101:106 arg1 Treatment 54:62 the Treatment 50:62 the Treatment of Acute Sleeping Sickness in Murine Models 50:106 Carbohydrate-Binding Non-Peptidic Pradimicins for the Treatment of Acute Sleeping Sickness in Murine Models. 27662652 0 51 theme Sleeping 73:80 arg1 Sickness 82:89 Acute Sleeping Sickness 67:89 Acute Sleeping Sickness in Murine Models 67:106 Carbohydrate-Binding Non-Peptidic Pradimicins for the Treatment of Acute Sleeping Sickness in Murine Models. 27662652 6 52 theme novel 1016:1020 arg1 approach 1022:1029 a novel approach 1014:1029 a novel approach to develop drugs to treat HAT 1014:1059 The compounds identified represent a novel approach to develop drugs to treat HAT. 27662652 1 53 theme unacceptable 243:254 arg1 safety 256:261 unacceptable safety 243:261 unacceptable safety 243:261 Current treatments available for African sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are limited, with poor efficacy and unacceptable safety profiles. 28242721 14 0 theme Nostoc 2825:2830 arg1 punctiforme 2832:2842 Nostoc punctiforme 2825:2842 Nostoc punctiforme 2825:2842 We employed a genetic screen to identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in Nostoc punctiforme The first gene identified using this screen encodes a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia. 28242721 12 1 theme global 2492:2497 arg1 fixation 2508:2515 global nitrogen fixation 2492:2515 global nitrogen fixation 2492:2515 These symbioses are major contributors to global nitrogen fixation. 28242721 12 2 theme nitrogen 2499:2506 arg1 fixation 2508:2515 global nitrogen fixation 2492:2515 global nitrogen fixation 2492:2515 These symbioses are major contributors to global nitrogen fixation. 28242721 13 3 theme development 2690:2700 arg1 regulation 2664:2673 the molecular regulation 2650:2673 the molecular regulation of hormogonium development 2650:2700 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycle of filamentous cyanobacteria and the establishment of symbioses, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 13 3 theme development 2690:2700 arg1 undefined 2713:2721 undefined 2713:2721 undefined 2713:2721 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycle of filamentous cyanobacteria and the establishment of symbioses, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 8 4 theme mutant 1730:1735 arg1 strain 1737:1742 the ΔogtA mutant strain 1720:1742 the ΔogtA mutant strain 1720:1742 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 7 5 theme ogtA 1218:1221 arg1 Transcription 1201:1213 Transcription 1201:1213 Transcription of ogtA 1201:1221 Transcription of ogtA is rapidly upregulated (1 h) following hormogonium induction, and an OgtA-GFPuv fusion protein localized to the cytoplasm. 28242721 11 6 theme spore-like 2298:2307 arg1 akinetes 2309:2316 spore-like akinetes 2298:2316 spore-like akinetes 2298:2316 Species such as Nostoc punctiforme develop an array of cell types, including nitrogen-fixing heterocysts, spore-like akinetes, and motile hormogonia, that function in dispersal as well as the establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbioses with plants and fungi. 28242721 11 7 theme cell 2247:2250 arg1 types 2252:2256 cell types 2247:2256 cell types 2247:2256 Species such as Nostoc punctiforme develop an array of cell types, including nitrogen-fixing heterocysts, spore-like akinetes, and motile hormogonia, that function in dispersal as well as the establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbioses with plants and fungi. 28242721 11 7 theme cell 2247:2250 arg1 hormogonia 2330:2339 motile hormogonia 2323:2339 motile hormogonia 2323:2339 Species such as Nostoc punctiforme develop an array of cell types, including nitrogen-fixing heterocysts, spore-like akinetes, and motile hormogonia, that function in dispersal as well as the establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbioses with plants and fungi. 28242721 11 7 theme cell 2247:2250 arg1 heterocysts 2285:2295 nitrogen-fixing heterocysts 2269:2295 nitrogen-fixing heterocysts 2269:2295 Species such as Nostoc punctiforme develop an array of cell types, including nitrogen-fixing heterocysts, spore-like akinetes, and motile hormogonia, that function in dispersal as well as the establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbioses with plants and fungi. 28242721 11 7 theme cell 2247:2250 arg1 akinetes 2309:2316 spore-like akinetes 2298:2316 spore-like akinetes 2298:2316 Species such as Nostoc punctiforme develop an array of cell types, including nitrogen-fixing heterocysts, spore-like akinetes, and motile hormogonia, that function in dispersal as well as the establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbioses with plants and fungi. 28242721 10 8 theme PilA 2033:2036 arg1 accumulation 2017:2028 the accumulation 2013:2028 the accumulation of PilA 2013:2036 Collectively, these results imply that O-GlcNAc protein modification regulates the accumulation of PilA via a posttranscriptional mechanism in developing hormogonia.IMPORTANCE Filamentous cyanobacteria are among the most developmentally complex prokaryotes. 28242721 0 9 theme Nostoc 142:147 arg1 punctiforme 149:159 the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 111:159 the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 111:159 A Putative O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Is Essential for Hormogonium Development and Motility in the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. 28242721 3 10 theme life 595:598 arg1 cycles 600:605 the life cycles 591:605 the life cycles of many filamentous cyanobacteria 591:639 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycles of many filamentous cyanobacteria, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 5 11 theme first 922:926 arg1 gene 928:931 The first gene 918:931 The first gene identified using this screen 918:960 The first gene identified using this screen, designated ogtA, encodes a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 28242721 5 11 theme first 922:926 arg1 transferase 1030:1040 a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 988:1040 a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 988:1046 The first gene identified using this screen, designated ogtA, encodes a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 28242721 14 12 theme hormogonium 2785:2795 arg1 development 2797:2807 hormogonium development 2785:2807 hormogonium development 2785:2807 We employed a genetic screen to identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in Nostoc punctiforme The first gene identified using this screen encodes a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia. 28242721 9 13 theme hormogonium 1785:1795 arg1 polysaccharide 1797:1810 hormogonium polysaccharide 1785:1810 hormogonium polysaccharide 1785:1810 The production of hormogonium polysaccharide in the ΔogtA mutant strain is reduced compared to that in the wild type but comparable to that in a pilA deletion strain. 28242721 11 14 theme symbioses 2417:2425 arg1 establishment 2384:2396 the establishment 2380:2396 dispersal as well as the establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbioses with plants and fungi 2359:2447 Species such as Nostoc punctiforme develop an array of cell types, including nitrogen-fixing heterocysts, spore-like akinetes, and motile hormogonia, that function in dispersal as well as the establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbioses with plants and fungi. 28242721 11 14 theme symbioses 2417:2425 arg1 dispersal 2359:2367 dispersal 2359:2367 dispersal as well as the establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbioses with plants and fungi 2359:2447 Species such as Nostoc punctiforme develop an array of cell types, including nitrogen-fixing heterocysts, spore-like akinetes, and motile hormogonia, that function in dispersal as well as the establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbioses with plants and fungi. 28242721 8 15 theme PilA 1388:1391 arg1 accumulation 1372:1383 accumulation 1372:1383 accumulation of PilA but not HmpD 1372:1404 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 0 16 theme β-N-Acetylglucosamine 20:40 arg1 Essential 57:65 Essential 57:65 Essential 57:65 A Putative O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Is Essential for Hormogonium Development and Motility in the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. 28242721 0 16 theme β-N-Acetylglucosamine 20:40 arg1 Transferase 42:52 A Putative O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase 0:52 A Putative O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase 0:52 A Putative O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Is Essential for Hormogonium Development and Motility in the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. 28242721 8 17 from hormogonia 1360:1369 arg1 dependent 1409:1417 dependent 1409:1417 dependent 1409:1417 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 14 18 theme essential 2771:2779 arg1 genes 2765:2769 genes 2765:2769 genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in Nostoc punctiforme The first gene identified using this screen encodes a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia 2765:3011 We employed a genetic screen to identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in Nostoc punctiforme The first gene identified using this screen encodes a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia. 28242721 11 19 theme Nostoc 2208:2213 arg1 punctiforme 2215:2225 Nostoc punctiforme 2208:2225 Nostoc punctiforme 2208:2225 Species such as Nostoc punctiforme develop an array of cell types, including nitrogen-fixing heterocysts, spore-like akinetes, and motile hormogonia, that function in dispersal as well as the establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbioses with plants and fungi. 28242721 12 20 theme major 2470:2474 arg1 symbioses 2456:2464 These symbioses 2450:2464 These symbioses 2450:2464 These symbioses are major contributors to global nitrogen fixation. 28242721 12 20 theme major 2470:2474 arg1 contributors 2476:2487 major contributors 2470:2487 major contributors to global nitrogen fixation 2470:2515 These symbioses are major contributors to global nitrogen fixation. 28242721 13 21 theme cyanobacteria 2600:2612 arg1 cycle 2579:2583 the life cycle 2570:2583 the life cycle of filamentous cyanobacteria 2570:2612 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycle of filamentous cyanobacteria and the establishment of symbioses, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 3 22 theme filamentous 615:625 arg1 cyanobacteria 627:639 many filamentous cyanobacteria 610:639 many filamentous cyanobacteria 610:639 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycles of many filamentous cyanobacteria, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 5 23 theme putative 990:997 arg1 OGT 1043:1045 OGT 1043:1045 OGT 1043:1045 The first gene identified using this screen, designated ogtA, encodes a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 28242721 5 23 theme putative 990:997 arg1 gene 928:931 The first gene 918:931 The first gene identified using this screen 918:960 The first gene identified using this screen, designated ogtA, encodes a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 28242721 5 23 theme putative 990:997 arg1 transferase 1030:1040 a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 988:1040 a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 988:1046 The first gene identified using this screen, designated ogtA, encodes a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 28242721 9 24 theme ΔogtA 1819:1823 arg1 strain 1832:1837 the ΔogtA mutant strain 1815:1837 the ΔogtA mutant strain 1815:1837 The production of hormogonium polysaccharide in the ΔogtA mutant strain is reduced compared to that in the wild type but comparable to that in a pilA deletion strain. 28242721 8 25 theme equivalent 1495:1504 arg1 levels 1506:1511 equivalent levels 1495:1511 equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains 1495:1572 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 14 26 link O-linked 2914:2921 arg1 gene 2854:2857 The first gene 2844:2857 The first gene identified using this screen 2844:2886 We employed a genetic screen to identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in Nostoc punctiforme The first gene identified using this screen encodes a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia. 28242721 14 26 link O-linked 2914:2921 arg1 transferase 2945:2955 a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 2896:2955 a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia 2896:3011 We employed a genetic screen to identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in Nostoc punctiforme The first gene identified using this screen encodes a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia. 28242721 5 27 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 1008:1028 arg1 OGT 1043:1045 OGT 1043:1045 OGT 1043:1045 The first gene identified using this screen, designated ogtA, encodes a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 28242721 5 27 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 1008:1028 arg1 gene 928:931 The first gene 918:931 The first gene identified using this screen 918:960 The first gene identified using this screen, designated ogtA, encodes a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 28242721 5 27 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 1008:1028 arg1 transferase 1030:1040 a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 988:1040 a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 988:1046 The first gene identified using this screen, designated ogtA, encodes a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 28242721 8 28 theme reporter 1583:1590 arg1 construct 1592:1600 a reporter construct 1581:1600 a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp 1581:1677 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 10 29 theme Filamentous 2110:2120 arg1 cyanobacteria 2122:2134 hormogonia.IMPORTANCE Filamentous cyanobacteria 2088:2134 hormogonia.IMPORTANCE Filamentous cyanobacteria 2088:2134 Collectively, these results imply that O-GlcNAc protein modification regulates the accumulation of PilA via a posttranscriptional mechanism in developing hormogonia.IMPORTANCE Filamentous cyanobacteria are among the most developmentally complex prokaryotes. 28242721 0 30 theme Hormogonium 71:81 arg1 Development 83:93 Hormogonium Development 71:93 Hormogonium Development 71:93 A Putative O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Is Essential for Hormogonium Development and Motility in the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. 28242721 3 31 theme molecular 646:654 arg1 regulation 656:665 the molecular regulation 642:665 the molecular regulation of hormogonium development 642:692 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycles of many filamentous cyanobacteria, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 3 31 theme molecular 646:654 arg1 undefined 705:713 undefined 705:713 undefined 705:713 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycles of many filamentous cyanobacteria, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 8 32 theme Reverse 1427:1433 arg1 analysis 1476:1483 Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis 1427:1483 Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis 1427:1483 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 1 33 theme cyanobacteria 190:202 arg1 species 167:173 Most species 162:173 Most species of filamentous cyanobacteria 162:202 Most species of filamentous cyanobacteria are capable of gliding motility, likely via a conserved type IV pilus-like system that may also secrete a motility-associated polysaccharide. 28242721 8 34 theme PCR 1462:1464 arg1 analysis 1476:1483 Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis 1427:1483 Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis 1427:1483 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 13 35 theme life 2574:2577 arg1 cycle 2579:2583 the life cycle 2570:2583 the life cycle of filamentous cyanobacteria 2570:2612 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycle of filamentous cyanobacteria and the establishment of symbioses, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 6 36 theme ogtA 1065:1068 arg1 deletion 1053:1060 The deletion 1049:1060 The deletion of ogtA 1049:1068 The deletion of ogtA abolished motility, while ectopic expression of ogtA induced hormogonium development even under hormogonium-repressing conditions. 28242721 8 37 theme RT-qPCR 1467:1473 arg1 analysis 1476:1483 Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis 1427:1483 Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis 1427:1483 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 2 38 theme transient 414:422 arg1 differentiation 424:438 the transient differentiation 410:438 the transient differentiation of hormogonia, which are specialized filaments that enter a nongrowth state dedicated to motility 410:536 In a subset of these organisms, motility is achieved only after the transient differentiation of hormogonia, which are specialized filaments that enter a nongrowth state dedicated to motility. 28242721 7 39 theme OgtA-GFPuv 1292:1301 arg1 protein 1310:1316 an OgtA-GFPuv fusion protein 1289:1316 an OgtA-GFPuv fusion protein 1289:1316 Transcription of ogtA is rapidly upregulated (1 h) following hormogonium induction, and an OgtA-GFPuv fusion protein localized to the cytoplasm. 28242721 6 40 theme hormogonium-repressing 1166:1187 arg1 conditions 1189:1198 hormogonium-repressing conditions 1166:1198 hormogonium-repressing conditions 1166:1198 The deletion of ogtA abolished motility, while ectopic expression of ogtA induced hormogonium development even under hormogonium-repressing conditions. 28242721 9 41 theme wild 1874:1877 arg1 type 1879:1882 the wild type 1870:1882 the wild type 1870:1882 The production of hormogonium polysaccharide in the ΔogtA mutant strain is reduced compared to that in the wild type but comparable to that in a pilA deletion strain. 28242721 1 42 theme Most 162:165 arg1 species 167:173 Most species 162:173 Most species of filamentous cyanobacteria 162:202 Most species of filamentous cyanobacteria are capable of gliding motility, likely via a conserved type IV pilus-like system that may also secrete a motility-associated polysaccharide. 28242721 14 43 theme eukaryotic-like 2898:2912 arg1 gene 2854:2857 The first gene 2844:2857 The first gene identified using this screen 2844:2886 We employed a genetic screen to identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in Nostoc punctiforme The first gene identified using this screen encodes a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia. 28242721 14 43 theme eukaryotic-like 2898:2912 arg1 transferase 2945:2955 a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 2896:2955 a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia 2896:3011 We employed a genetic screen to identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in Nostoc punctiforme The first gene identified using this screen encodes a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia. 28242721 11 44 theme nitrogen-fixing 2269:2283 arg1 heterocysts 2285:2295 nitrogen-fixing heterocysts 2269:2295 nitrogen-fixing heterocysts 2269:2295 Species such as Nostoc punctiforme develop an array of cell types, including nitrogen-fixing heterocysts, spore-like akinetes, and motile hormogonia, that function in dispersal as well as the establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbioses with plants and fungi. 28242721 4 45 theme heterocyst-forming 813:830 arg1 punctiforme 866:876 the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 803:876 the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 803:876 To systematically identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme, a forward genetic screen was employed. 28242721 0 46 theme O-Linked 11:18 arg1 Essential 57:65 Essential 57:65 Essential 57:65 A Putative O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Is Essential for Hormogonium Development and Motility in the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. 28242721 0 46 theme O-Linked 11:18 arg1 Transferase 42:52 A Putative O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase 0:52 A Putative O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase 0:52 A Putative O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Is Essential for Hormogonium Development and Motility in the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. 28242721 6 47 theme hormogonium 1131:1141 arg1 development 1143:1153 hormogonium development 1131:1153 hormogonium development 1131:1153 The deletion of ogtA abolished motility, while ectopic expression of ogtA induced hormogonium development even under hormogonium-repressing conditions. 28242721 2 48 theme nongrowth 500:508 arg1 state 510:514 a nongrowth state 498:514 a nongrowth state dedicated to motility 498:536 In a subset of these organisms, motility is achieved only after the transient differentiation of hormogonia, which are specialized filaments that enter a nongrowth state dedicated to motility. 28242721 8 49 dep ogtA 1422:1425 arg1 indicated 1485:1493 indicated 1485:1493 indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains 1485:1572 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 6 50 theme ogtA 1118:1121 arg1 expression 1104:1113 ectopic expression 1096:1113 ectopic expression of ogtA 1096:1121 The deletion of ogtA abolished motility, while ectopic expression of ogtA induced hormogonium development even under hormogonium-repressing conditions. 28242721 3 51 theme development 682:692 arg1 regulation 656:665 the molecular regulation 642:665 the molecular regulation of hormogonium development 642:692 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycles of many filamentous cyanobacteria, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 3 51 theme development 682:692 arg1 undefined 705:713 undefined 705:713 undefined 705:713 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycles of many filamentous cyanobacteria, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 8 52 theme transcript 1521:1530 arg1 levels 1506:1511 equivalent levels 1495:1511 equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains 1495:1572 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 14 53 from accumulation 2978:2989 arg1 hormogonia 3002:3011 hormogonia 3002:3011 hormogonia 3002:3011 We employed a genetic screen to identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in Nostoc punctiforme The first gene identified using this screen encodes a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia. 28242721 2 54 theme organisms 367:375 arg1 subset 351:356 a subset 349:356 a subset of these organisms 349:375 In a subset of these organisms, motility is achieved only after the transient differentiation of hormogonia, which are specialized filaments that enter a nongrowth state dedicated to motility. 28242721 8 55 from region 1631:1636 arg1 direction 1648:1656 the 5' direction 1641:1656 the 5' direction 1641:1656 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 13 56 theme molecular 2654:2662 arg1 regulation 2664:2673 the molecular regulation 2650:2673 the molecular regulation of hormogonium development 2650:2700 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycle of filamentous cyanobacteria and the establishment of symbioses, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 13 56 theme molecular 2654:2662 arg1 undefined 2713:2721 undefined 2713:2721 undefined 2713:2721 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycle of filamentous cyanobacteria and the establishment of symbioses, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 9 57 theme pilA 1912:1915 arg1 strain 1926:1931 a pilA deletion strain 1910:1931 a pilA deletion strain 1910:1931 The production of hormogonium polysaccharide in the ΔogtA mutant strain is reduced compared to that in the wild type but comparable to that in a pilA deletion strain. 28242721 14 58 theme first 2848:2852 arg1 gene 2854:2857 The first gene 2844:2857 The first gene identified using this screen 2844:2886 We employed a genetic screen to identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in Nostoc punctiforme The first gene identified using this screen encodes a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia. 28242721 14 58 theme first 2848:2852 arg1 transferase 2945:2955 a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 2896:2955 a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia 2896:3011 We employed a genetic screen to identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in Nostoc punctiforme The first gene identified using this screen encodes a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia. 28242721 8 59 theme lower 1688:1692 arg1 levels 1694:1699 lower levels 1688:1699 lower levels of fluorescence 1688:1715 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 4 60 theme genetic 889:895 arg1 screen 897:902 a forward genetic screen 879:902 a forward genetic screen 879:902 To systematically identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme, a forward genetic screen was employed. 28242721 1 61 theme type 260:263 arg1 system 279:284 a conserved type IV pilus-like system 248:284 a conserved type IV pilus-like system that may also secrete a motility-associated polysaccharide 248:343 Most species of filamentous cyanobacteria are capable of gliding motility, likely via a conserved type IV pilus-like system that may also secrete a motility-associated polysaccharide. 28242721 14 62 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 2923:2943 arg1 gene 2854:2857 The first gene 2844:2857 The first gene identified using this screen 2844:2886 We employed a genetic screen to identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in Nostoc punctiforme The first gene identified using this screen encodes a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia. 28242721 14 62 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 2923:2943 arg1 transferase 2945:2955 a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 2896:2955 a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia 2896:3011 We employed a genetic screen to identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in Nostoc punctiforme The first gene identified using this screen encodes a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia. 28242721 10 63 theme O-GlcNAc 1973:1980 arg1 modification 1990:2001 O-GlcNAc protein modification 1973:2001 O-GlcNAc protein modification 1973:2001 Collectively, these results imply that O-GlcNAc protein modification regulates the accumulation of PilA via a posttranscriptional mechanism in developing hormogonia.IMPORTANCE Filamentous cyanobacteria are among the most developmentally complex prokaryotes. 28242721 13 64 theme hormogonium 2678:2688 arg1 development 2690:2700 hormogonium development 2678:2700 hormogonium development 2678:2700 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycle of filamentous cyanobacteria and the establishment of symbioses, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 8 65 theme wild 1756:1759 arg1 type 1761:1764 the wild type 1752:1764 the wild type 1752:1764 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 1 66 theme pilus-like 268:277 arg1 system 279:284 a conserved type IV pilus-like system 248:284 a conserved type IV pilus-like system that may also secrete a motility-associated polysaccharide 248:343 Most species of filamentous cyanobacteria are capable of gliding motility, likely via a conserved type IV pilus-like system that may also secrete a motility-associated polysaccharide. 28242721 3 67 theme hormogonia 577:586 arg1 importance 563:572 the fundamental importance 547:572 the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycles of many filamentous cyanobacteria 547:639 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycles of many filamentous cyanobacteria, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 8 68 theme ΔogtA 1724:1728 arg1 strain 1737:1742 the ΔogtA mutant strain 1720:1742 the ΔogtA mutant strain 1720:1742 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 14 69 from development 2797:2807 arg1 punctiforme 2832:2842 Nostoc punctiforme 2825:2842 Nostoc punctiforme 2825:2842 We employed a genetic screen to identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in Nostoc punctiforme The first gene identified using this screen encodes a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia. 28242721 8 70 from levels 1506:1511 arg1 strains 1566:1572 the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains 1535:1572 the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains 1535:1572 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 11 71 theme types 2252:2256 arg1 array 2238:2242 an array 2235:2242 an array of cell types, including nitrogen-fixing heterocysts, spore-like akinetes, and motile hormogonia, that function in dispersal as well as the establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbioses with plants and fungi 2235:2447 Species such as Nostoc punctiforme develop an array of cell types, including nitrogen-fixing heterocysts, spore-like akinetes, and motile hormogonia, that function in dispersal as well as the establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbioses with plants and fungi. 28242721 8 72 theme developing 1349:1358 arg1 hormogonia 1360:1369 developing hormogonia 1349:1369 developing hormogonia 1349:1369 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 7 73 dep upregulated 1234:1244 arg1 h 1249:1249 1 h 1247:1249 1 h 1247:1249 Transcription of ogtA is rapidly upregulated (1 h) following hormogonium induction, and an OgtA-GFPuv fusion protein localized to the cytoplasm. 28242721 13 74 theme fundamental 2530:2540 arg1 importance 2542:2551 the fundamental importance 2526:2551 the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycle of filamentous cyanobacteria 2526:2612 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycle of filamentous cyanobacteria and the establishment of symbioses, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 8 75 theme mutant 1559:1564 arg1 strains 1566:1572 the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains 1535:1572 the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains 1535:1572 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 11 76 theme nitrogen-fixing 2401:2415 arg1 symbioses 2417:2425 nitrogen-fixing symbioses 2401:2425 nitrogen-fixing symbioses with plants and fungi 2401:2447 Species such as Nostoc punctiforme develop an array of cell types, including nitrogen-fixing heterocysts, spore-like akinetes, and motile hormogonia, that function in dispersal as well as the establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbioses with plants and fungi. 28242721 13 77 theme symbioses 2639:2647 arg1 importance 2542:2551 the fundamental importance 2526:2551 the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycle of filamentous cyanobacteria 2526:2612 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycle of filamentous cyanobacteria and the establishment of symbioses, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 13 77 theme symbioses 2639:2647 arg1 establishment 2622:2634 the establishment 2618:2634 the establishment of symbioses 2618:2647 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycle of filamentous cyanobacteria and the establishment of symbioses, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 3 78 theme cyanobacteria 627:639 arg1 cycles 600:605 the life cycles 591:605 the life cycles of many filamentous cyanobacteria 591:639 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycles of many filamentous cyanobacteria, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 9 79 theme polysaccharide 1797:1810 arg1 reduced 1842:1848 reduced 1842:1848 reduced compared to that in the wild type 1842:1882 The production of hormogonium polysaccharide in the ΔogtA mutant strain is reduced compared to that in the wild type but comparable to that in a pilA deletion strain. 28242721 9 79 theme polysaccharide 1797:1810 arg1 production 1771:1780 The production 1767:1780 The production of hormogonium polysaccharide in the ΔogtA mutant strain 1767:1837 The production of hormogonium polysaccharide in the ΔogtA mutant strain is reduced compared to that in the wild type but comparable to that in a pilA deletion strain. 28242721 0 80 from Development 83:93 arg1 punctiforme 149:159 the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 111:159 the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 111:159 A Putative O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Is Essential for Hormogonium Development and Motility in the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. 28242721 14 81 theme PilA 2994:2997 arg1 accumulation 2978:2989 accumulation 2978:2989 accumulation of PilA in hormogonia 2978:3011 We employed a genetic screen to identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in Nostoc punctiforme The first gene identified using this screen encodes a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia. 28242721 13 82 theme filamentous 2588:2598 arg1 cyanobacteria 2600:2612 filamentous cyanobacteria 2588:2612 filamentous cyanobacteria 2588:2612 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycle of filamentous cyanobacteria and the establishment of symbioses, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 3 83 theme many 610:613 arg1 cyanobacteria 627:639 many filamentous cyanobacteria 610:639 many filamentous cyanobacteria 610:639 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycles of many filamentous cyanobacteria, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 14 84 from motility 2813:2820 arg1 punctiforme 2832:2842 Nostoc punctiforme 2825:2842 Nostoc punctiforme 2825:2842 We employed a genetic screen to identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in Nostoc punctiforme The first gene identified using this screen encodes a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia. 28242721 4 85 theme hormogonium 763:773 arg1 development 775:785 hormogonium development 763:785 hormogonium development 763:785 To systematically identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme, a forward genetic screen was employed. 28242721 10 86 theme posttranscriptional 2044:2062 arg1 mechanism 2064:2072 a posttranscriptional mechanism 2042:2072 a posttranscriptional mechanism in developing hormogonia.IMPORTANCE Filamentous cyanobacteria are among the most developmentally complex prokaryotes 2042:2189 Collectively, these results imply that O-GlcNAc protein modification regulates the accumulation of PilA via a posttranscriptional mechanism in developing hormogonia.IMPORTANCE Filamentous cyanobacteria are among the most developmentally complex prokaryotes. 28242721 5 87 theme O-linked 999:1006 arg1 OGT 1043:1045 OGT 1043:1045 OGT 1043:1045 The first gene identified using this screen, designated ogtA, encodes a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 28242721 5 87 theme O-linked 999:1006 arg1 gene 928:931 The first gene 918:931 The first gene identified using this screen 918:960 The first gene identified using this screen, designated ogtA, encodes a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 28242721 5 87 theme O-linked 999:1006 arg1 transferase 1030:1040 a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 988:1040 a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 988:1046 The first gene identified using this screen, designated ogtA, encodes a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 28242721 9 88 theme mutant 1825:1830 arg1 strain 1832:1837 the ΔogtA mutant strain 1815:1837 the ΔogtA mutant strain 1815:1837 The production of hormogonium polysaccharide in the ΔogtA mutant strain is reduced compared to that in the wild type but comparable to that in a pilA deletion strain. 28242721 4 89 theme cyanobacterium 844:857 arg1 punctiforme 866:876 the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 803:876 the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 803:876 To systematically identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme, a forward genetic screen was employed. 28242721 8 90 theme HmpD 1401:1404 arg1 accumulation 1372:1383 accumulation 1372:1383 accumulation of PilA but not HmpD 1372:1404 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 6 91 theme ectopic 1096:1102 arg1 expression 1104:1113 ectopic expression 1096:1113 ectopic expression of ogtA 1096:1121 The deletion of ogtA abolished motility, while ectopic expression of ogtA induced hormogonium development even under hormogonium-repressing conditions. 28242721 10 92 theme hormogonia.IMPORTANCE 2088:2108 arg1 cyanobacteria 2122:2134 hormogonia.IMPORTANCE Filamentous cyanobacteria 2088:2134 hormogonia.IMPORTANCE Filamentous cyanobacteria 2088:2134 Collectively, these results imply that O-GlcNAc protein modification regulates the accumulation of PilA via a posttranscriptional mechanism in developing hormogonia.IMPORTANCE Filamentous cyanobacteria are among the most developmentally complex prokaryotes. 28242721 1 93 theme filamentous 178:188 arg1 cyanobacteria 190:202 filamentous cyanobacteria 178:202 filamentous cyanobacteria 178:202 Most species of filamentous cyanobacteria are capable of gliding motility, likely via a conserved type IV pilus-like system that may also secrete a motility-associated polysaccharide. 28242721 8 94 theme intergenic 1620:1629 arg1 region 1631:1636 the intergenic region 1616:1636 the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA 1616:1664 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 4 95 theme essential 749:757 arg1 genes 743:747 genes 743:747 genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 743:876 To systematically identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme, a forward genetic screen was employed. 28242721 0 96 from Motility 99:106 arg1 punctiforme 149:159 the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 111:159 the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 111:159 A Putative O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Is Essential for Hormogonium Development and Motility in the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. 28242721 7 97 theme fusion 1303:1308 arg1 protein 1310:1316 an OgtA-GFPuv fusion protein 1289:1316 an OgtA-GFPuv fusion protein 1289:1316 Transcription of ogtA is rapidly upregulated (1 h) following hormogonium induction, and an OgtA-GFPuv fusion protein localized to the cytoplasm. 28242721 9 98 from production 1771:1780 arg1 strain 1832:1837 the ΔogtA mutant strain 1815:1837 the ΔogtA mutant strain 1815:1837 The production of hormogonium polysaccharide in the ΔogtA mutant strain is reduced compared to that in the wild type but comparable to that in a pilA deletion strain. 28242721 8 99 theme transcription-quantitative 1435:1460 arg1 analysis 1476:1483 Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis 1427:1483 Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis 1427:1483 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 4 100 theme filamentous 832:842 arg1 punctiforme 866:876 the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 803:876 the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 803:876 To systematically identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme, a forward genetic screen was employed. 28242721 0 101 theme Cyanobacterium 127:140 arg1 punctiforme 149:159 the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 111:159 the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 111:159 A Putative O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Is Essential for Hormogonium Development and Motility in the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. 28242721 4 102 theme Nostoc 859:864 arg1 punctiforme 866:876 the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 803:876 the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 803:876 To systematically identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme, a forward genetic screen was employed. 28242721 0 103 theme Putative 2:9 arg1 Essential 57:65 Essential 57:65 Essential 57:65 A Putative O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Is Essential for Hormogonium Development and Motility in the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. 28242721 0 103 theme Putative 2:9 arg1 Transferase 42:52 A Putative O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase 0:52 A Putative O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase 0:52 A Putative O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Is Essential for Hormogonium Development and Motility in the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. 28242721 14 104 theme O-linked 2914:2921 arg1 gene 2854:2857 The first gene 2844:2857 The first gene identified using this screen 2844:2886 We employed a genetic screen to identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in Nostoc punctiforme The first gene identified using this screen encodes a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia. 28242721 14 104 theme O-linked 2914:2921 arg1 transferase 2945:2955 a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 2896:2955 a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia 2896:3011 We employed a genetic screen to identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in Nostoc punctiforme The first gene identified using this screen encodes a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia. 28242721 2 105 theme specialized 465:475 arg1 filaments 477:485 specialized filaments 465:485 specialized filaments that enter a nongrowth state dedicated to motility 465:536 In a subset of these organisms, motility is achieved only after the transient differentiation of hormogonia, which are specialized filaments that enter a nongrowth state dedicated to motility. 28242721 2 105 theme specialized 465:475 arg1 hormogonia 443:452 hormogonia 443:452 hormogonia 443:452 In a subset of these organisms, motility is achieved only after the transient differentiation of hormogonia, which are specialized filaments that enter a nongrowth state dedicated to motility. 28242721 7 106 theme hormogonium 1262:1272 arg1 induction 1274:1282 hormogonium induction 1262:1282 hormogonium induction 1262:1282 Transcription of ogtA is rapidly upregulated (1 h) following hormogonium induction, and an OgtA-GFPuv fusion protein localized to the cytoplasm. 28242721 8 107 from dependent 1409:1417 arg1 hormogonia 1360:1369 developing hormogonia 1349:1369 developing hormogonia 1349:1369 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 13 108 theme hormogonia 2556:2565 arg1 importance 2542:2551 the fundamental importance 2526:2551 the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycle of filamentous cyanobacteria 2526:2612 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycle of filamentous cyanobacteria and the establishment of symbioses, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 13 108 theme hormogonia 2556:2565 arg1 establishment 2622:2634 the establishment 2618:2634 the establishment of symbioses 2618:2647 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycle of filamentous cyanobacteria and the establishment of symbioses, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 8 109 theme pilA 1661:1664 arg1 region 1631:1636 the intergenic region 1616:1636 the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA 1616:1664 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 4 110 theme model 807:811 arg1 punctiforme 866:876 the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 803:876 the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 803:876 To systematically identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme, a forward genetic screen was employed. 28242721 2 111 theme hormogonia 443:452 arg1 differentiation 424:438 the transient differentiation 410:438 the transient differentiation of hormogonia, which are specialized filaments that enter a nongrowth state dedicated to motility 410:536 In a subset of these organisms, motility is achieved only after the transient differentiation of hormogonia, which are specialized filaments that enter a nongrowth state dedicated to motility. 28242721 1 112 theme motility-associated 310:328 arg1 polysaccharide 330:343 a motility-associated polysaccharide 308:343 a motility-associated polysaccharide 308:343 Most species of filamentous cyanobacteria are capable of gliding motility, likely via a conserved type IV pilus-like system that may also secrete a motility-associated polysaccharide. 28242721 11 113 with symbioses 2417:2425 arg1 fungi 2443:2447 fungi 2443:2447 fungi 2443:2447 Species such as Nostoc punctiforme develop an array of cell types, including nitrogen-fixing heterocysts, spore-like akinetes, and motile hormogonia, that function in dispersal as well as the establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbioses with plants and fungi. 28242721 11 113 with symbioses 2417:2425 arg1 plants 2432:2437 plants 2432:2437 plants 2432:2437 Species such as Nostoc punctiforme develop an array of cell types, including nitrogen-fixing heterocysts, spore-like akinetes, and motile hormogonia, that function in dispersal as well as the establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbioses with plants and fungi. 28242721 11 114 theme motile 2323:2328 arg1 hormogonia 2330:2339 motile hormogonia 2323:2339 motile hormogonia 2323:2339 Species such as Nostoc punctiforme develop an array of cell types, including nitrogen-fixing heterocysts, spore-like akinetes, and motile hormogonia, that function in dispersal as well as the establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbioses with plants and fungi. 28242721 3 115 theme hormogonium 670:680 arg1 development 682:692 hormogonium development 670:692 hormogonium development 670:692 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycles of many filamentous cyanobacteria, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 0 116 theme Filamentous 115:125 arg1 punctiforme 149:159 the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 111:159 the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 111:159 A Putative O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Is Essential for Hormogonium Development and Motility in the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. 28242721 5 117 link O-linked 999:1006 arg1 OGT 1043:1045 OGT 1043:1045 OGT 1043:1045 The first gene identified using this screen, designated ogtA, encodes a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 28242721 5 117 link O-linked 999:1006 arg1 gene 928:931 The first gene 918:931 The first gene identified using this screen 918:960 The first gene identified using this screen, designated ogtA, encodes a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 28242721 5 117 link O-linked 999:1006 arg1 transferase 1030:1040 a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 988:1040 a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 988:1046 The first gene identified using this screen, designated ogtA, encodes a putative O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 28242721 14 118 dep motility 2813:2820 arg1 encodes 2888:2894 encodes 2888:2894 encodes a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia 2888:3011 We employed a genetic screen to identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in Nostoc punctiforme The first gene identified using this screen encodes a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia. 28242721 8 119 theme pilA 1516:1519 arg1 transcript 1521:1530 pilA transcript 1516:1530 pilA transcript 1516:1530 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 4 120 from motility 791:798 arg1 punctiforme 866:876 the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 803:876 the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 803:876 To systematically identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme, a forward genetic screen was employed. 28242721 4 121 theme forward 881:887 arg1 screen 897:902 a forward genetic screen 879:902 a forward genetic screen 879:902 To systematically identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme, a forward genetic screen was employed. 28242721 9 122 theme deletion 1917:1924 arg1 strain 1926:1931 a pilA deletion strain 1910:1931 a pilA deletion strain 1910:1931 The production of hormogonium polysaccharide in the ΔogtA mutant strain is reduced compared to that in the wild type but comparable to that in a pilA deletion strain. 28242721 4 123 from development 775:785 arg1 punctiforme 866:876 the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 803:876 the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme 803:876 To systematically identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme, a forward genetic screen was employed. 28242721 1 124 theme conserved 250:258 arg1 system 279:284 a conserved type IV pilus-like system 248:284 a conserved type IV pilus-like system that may also secrete a motility-associated polysaccharide 248:343 Most species of filamentous cyanobacteria are capable of gliding motility, likely via a conserved type IV pilus-like system that may also secrete a motility-associated polysaccharide. 28242721 10 125 theme complex 2171:2177 arg1 prokaryotes 2179:2189 the most developmentally complex prokaryotes 2146:2189 the most developmentally complex prokaryotes 2146:2189 Collectively, these results imply that O-GlcNAc protein modification regulates the accumulation of PilA via a posttranscriptional mechanism in developing hormogonia.IMPORTANCE Filamentous cyanobacteria are among the most developmentally complex prokaryotes. 28242721 8 126 theme fluorescence 1704:1715 arg1 levels 1694:1699 lower levels 1688:1699 lower levels of fluorescence 1688:1715 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 10 127 theme protein 1982:1988 arg1 modification 1990:2001 O-GlcNAc protein modification 1973:2001 O-GlcNAc protein modification 1973:2001 Collectively, these results imply that O-GlcNAc protein modification regulates the accumulation of PilA via a posttranscriptional mechanism in developing hormogonia.IMPORTANCE Filamentous cyanobacteria are among the most developmentally complex prokaryotes. 28242721 8 128 theme wild-type 1539:1547 arg1 strains 1566:1572 the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains 1535:1572 the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains 1535:1572 In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and ΔogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the ΔogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. 28242721 3 129 theme fundamental 551:561 arg1 importance 563:572 the fundamental importance 547:572 the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycles of many filamentous cyanobacteria 547:639 Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycles of many filamentous cyanobacteria, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. 28242721 14 130 theme genetic 2738:2744 arg1 screen 2746:2751 a genetic screen 2736:2751 a genetic screen 2736:2751 We employed a genetic screen to identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in Nostoc punctiforme The first gene identified using this screen encodes a eukaryotic-like O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is required for accumulation of PilA in hormogonia. 24813376 7 0 from changes 1298:1304 arg1 expression 1313:1322 the expression 1309:1322 the expression of different TLRs and cytokines 1309:1354 Treatment with individual TLR ligands or EF induced a variety of changes in the expression of different TLRs and cytokines, but not necessarily a consistent change with a single stimulating agent. 24813376 9 1 theme canine 1657:1662 arg1 biopsies 1673:1680 canine duodenal biopsies 1657:1680 canine duodenal biopsies 1657:1680 Stimulation of canine duodenal biopsies with TLR ligands can potentially induce anti-inflammatory gene expression, especially in healthy tissue, whereas the effects of EF were limited. 24813376 3 2 theme ligands 645:651 arg1 effects 599:605 the effects 595:605 the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) 595:796 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 9 3 theme biopsies 1673:1680 arg1 Stimulation 1642:1652 Stimulation 1642:1652 Stimulation of canine duodenal biopsies with TLR ligands 1642:1697 Stimulation of canine duodenal biopsies with TLR ligands can potentially induce anti-inflammatory gene expression, especially in healthy tissue, whereas the effects of EF were limited. 24813376 1 4 from humans 303:308 arg1 pathogenesis 251:262 the pathogenesis 247:262 the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs 247:347 The composition of the microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. 24813376 1 5 theme bowel 280:284 arg1 IBD 295:297 IBD 295:297 IBD 295:297 The composition of the microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. 24813376 1 5 theme bowel 280:284 arg1 disease 286:292 inflammatory bowel disease 267:292 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) 267:339 The composition of the microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. 24813376 9 6 theme TLR 1687:1689 arg1 ligands 1691:1697 TLR ligands 1687:1697 TLR ligands 1687:1697 Stimulation of canine duodenal biopsies with TLR ligands can potentially induce anti-inflammatory gene expression, especially in healthy tissue, whereas the effects of EF were limited. 24813376 0 7 with dogs 112:115 arg1 ligands 141:147 Toll-like receptor ligands 122:147 Toll-like receptor ligands 122:147 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 24813376 0 7 with dogs 112:115 arg1 enteropathy 88:98 food-responsive chronic enteropathy 64:98 food-responsive chronic enteropathy 64:98 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 24813376 0 7 with dogs 112:115 arg1 faecium 176:182 probiotic Enterococcus faecium 153:182 probiotic Enterococcus faecium 153:182 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 24813376 8 8 theme ex 1502:1503 arg1 biopsies 1521:1528 ex vivo stimulated biopsies 1502:1528 ex vivo stimulated biopsies 1502:1528 Even though cytokine protein could not be detected in supernatants from ex vivo stimulated biopsies, we found TNFα protein responses in blood to be opposite of the transcriptional responses seen in the biopsies. 24813376 7 9 theme individual 1248:1257 arg1 ligands 1263:1269 individual TLR ligands 1248:1269 individual TLR ligands 1248:1269 Treatment with individual TLR ligands or EF induced a variety of changes in the expression of different TLRs and cytokines, but not necessarily a consistent change with a single stimulating agent. 24813376 5 10 theme IL-4 1012:1015 arg1 Expression 953:962 Expression 953:962 Expression of TLR2, 4, 5 and 9, IL-17A, IL-22, IFNy, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ and PPARy 953:1038 Expression of TLR2, 4, 5 and 9, IL-17A, IL-22, IFNy, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ and PPARy was determined in biopsies by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 24813376 3 11 theme cultured 694:701 arg1 samples 712:718 ex vivo cultured duodenal samples 686:718 ex vivo cultured duodenal samples 686:718 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 8 12 theme stimulated 1510:1519 arg1 biopsies 1521:1528 ex vivo stimulated biopsies 1502:1528 ex vivo stimulated biopsies 1502:1528 Even though cytokine protein could not be detected in supernatants from ex vivo stimulated biopsies, we found TNFα protein responses in blood to be opposite of the transcriptional responses seen in the biopsies. 24813376 2 13 theme dogs 537:540 arg1 intestine 509:517 the intestine 505:517 the intestine of healthy and CE dogs 505:540 The administration of probiotic micro-organisms is one way of modulating the microbiome, but experiments elucidating mechanisms of action of probiotics in the intestine of healthy and CE dogs are lacking. 24813376 3 14 theme ex 686:687 arg1 samples 712:718 ex vivo cultured duodenal samples 686:718 ex vivo cultured duodenal samples 686:718 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 5 15 theme TLR2 967:970 arg1 Expression 953:962 Expression 953:962 Expression of TLR2, 4, 5 and 9, IL-17A, IL-22, IFNy, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ and PPARy 953:1038 Expression of TLR2, 4, 5 and 9, IL-17A, IL-22, IFNy, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ and PPARy was determined in biopsies by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 24813376 1 16 theme microbiome 208:217 arg1 composition 189:199 The composition 185:199 The composition of the microbiome 185:217 The composition of the microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. 24813376 7 17 theme stimulating 1411:1421 arg1 agent 1423:1427 a single stimulating agent 1402:1427 a single stimulating agent 1402:1427 Treatment with individual TLR ligands or EF induced a variety of changes in the expression of different TLRs and cytokines, but not necessarily a consistent change with a single stimulating agent. 24813376 9 18 theme gene 1740:1743 arg1 expression 1745:1754 anti-inflammatory gene expression 1722:1754 anti-inflammatory gene expression 1722:1754 Stimulation of canine duodenal biopsies with TLR ligands can potentially induce anti-inflammatory gene expression, especially in healthy tissue, whereas the effects of EF were limited. 24813376 3 19 theme whole 724:728 arg1 WB 737:738 WB 737:738 WB 737:738 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 3 19 theme whole 724:728 arg1 blood 730:734 whole blood 724:734 whole blood (WB) 724:739 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 0 20 theme receptor 132:139 arg1 ligands 141:147 Toll-like receptor ligands 122:147 Toll-like receptor ligands 122:147 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 24813376 5 21 theme 4 973:973 arg1 Expression 953:962 Expression 953:962 Expression of TLR2, 4, 5 and 9, IL-17A, IL-22, IFNy, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ and PPARy 953:1038 Expression of TLR2, 4, 5 and 9, IL-17A, IL-22, IFNy, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ and PPARy was determined in biopsies by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 24813376 3 22 theme study 570:574 arg1 aim 559:561 The aim 555:561 The aim of our study 555:574 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 3 23 with dogs 746:749 arg1 FRE 793:795 FRE 793:795 FRE 793:795 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 3 23 with dogs 746:749 arg1 enteropathy 780:790 food-responsive chronic enteropathy 756:790 food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) 756:796 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 0 24 from dogs 54:57 arg1 Stimulation 0:10 Stimulation 0:10 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 0:183 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 24813376 8 25 theme protein 1545:1551 arg1 responses 1553:1561 TNFα protein responses 1540:1561 TNFα protein responses in blood 1540:1570 Even though cytokine protein could not be detected in supernatants from ex vivo stimulated biopsies, we found TNFα protein responses in blood to be opposite of the transcriptional responses seen in the biopsies. 24813376 5 26 theme PPARy 1034:1038 arg1 Expression 953:962 Expression 953:962 Expression of TLR2, 4, 5 and 9, IL-17A, IL-22, IFNy, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ and PPARy 953:1038 Expression of TLR2, 4, 5 and 9, IL-17A, IL-22, IFNy, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ and PPARy was determined in biopsies by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 24813376 0 27 theme Enterococcus 163:174 arg1 faecium 176:182 probiotic Enterococcus faecium 153:182 probiotic Enterococcus faecium 153:182 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 24813376 2 28 theme probiotics 491:500 arg1 action 481:486 action 481:486 action of probiotics 481:500 The administration of probiotic micro-organisms is one way of modulating the microbiome, but experiments elucidating mechanisms of action of probiotics in the intestine of healthy and CE dogs are lacking. 24813376 6 29 theme WB 1183:1184 arg1 supernatants 1197:1208 WB and biopsy supernatants 1183:1208 WB and biopsy supernatants 1183:1208 In addition, production of TNFα, IL-10, IFNy and IL-17A protein in WB and biopsy supernatants was assessed by ELISA. 24813376 3 30 dep ex 686:687 arg1 vivo 689:692 vivo 689:692 vivo 689:692 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 2 31 theme action 481:486 arg1 mechanisms 467:476 mechanisms 467:476 mechanisms of action of probiotics 467:500 The administration of probiotic micro-organisms is one way of modulating the microbiome, but experiments elucidating mechanisms of action of probiotics in the intestine of healthy and CE dogs are lacking. 24813376 5 32 theme polymerase 1083:1092 arg1 PCR 1110:1112 PCR 1110:1112 PCR 1110:1112 Expression of TLR2, 4, 5 and 9, IL-17A, IL-22, IFNy, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ and PPARy was determined in biopsies by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 24813376 5 32 theme polymerase 1083:1092 arg1 reaction 1100:1107 quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1070:1107 quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 1070:1113 Expression of TLR2, 4, 5 and 9, IL-17A, IL-22, IFNy, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ and PPARy was determined in biopsies by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 24813376 3 33 theme food-responsive 756:770 arg1 FRE 793:795 FRE 793:795 FRE 793:795 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 3 33 theme food-responsive 756:770 arg1 enteropathy 780:790 food-responsive chronic enteropathy 756:790 food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) 756:796 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 0 34 theme food-responsive 64:78 arg1 enteropathy 88:98 food-responsive chronic enteropathy 64:98 food-responsive chronic enteropathy 64:98 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 24813376 4 35 theme healthy 879:885 arg1 dogs 887:890 11 healthy dogs 876:890 11 healthy dogs 876:890 Biopsy stimulation was performed in 17 FRE and 11 healthy dogs; WB stimulation was performed in 16 FRE and 16 healthy dogs. 24813376 9 36 theme EF 1810:1811 arg1 effects 1799:1805 the effects 1795:1805 the effects of EF 1795:1811 Stimulation of canine duodenal biopsies with TLR ligands can potentially induce anti-inflammatory gene expression, especially in healthy tissue, whereas the effects of EF were limited. 24813376 2 37 theme micro-organisms 382:396 arg1 administration 354:367 The administration 350:367 The administration of probiotic micro-organisms 350:396 The administration of probiotic micro-organisms is one way of modulating the microbiome, but experiments elucidating mechanisms of action of probiotics in the intestine of healthy and CE dogs are lacking. 24813376 2 37 theme micro-organisms 382:396 arg1 way 405:407 one way 401:407 one way of modulating the microbiome 401:436 The administration of probiotic micro-organisms is one way of modulating the microbiome, but experiments elucidating mechanisms of action of probiotics in the intestine of healthy and CE dogs are lacking. 24813376 0 38 theme healthy 104:110 arg1 dogs 112:115 healthy dogs 104:115 healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium 104:182 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 24813376 8 39 theme responses 1610:1618 arg1 responses 1610:1618 the transcriptional responses 1590:1618 the transcriptional responses seen in the biopsies 1590:1639 Even though cytokine protein could not be detected in supernatants from ex vivo stimulated biopsies, we found TNFα protein responses in blood to be opposite of the transcriptional responses seen in the biopsies. 24813376 8 39 theme responses 1610:1618 arg1 opposite 1578:1585 opposite 1578:1585 opposite 1578:1585 Even though cytokine protein could not be detected in supernatants from ex vivo stimulated biopsies, we found TNFα protein responses in blood to be opposite of the transcriptional responses seen in the biopsies. 24813376 1 40 theme disease 286:292 arg1 pathogenesis 251:262 the pathogenesis 247:262 the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs 247:347 The composition of the microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. 24813376 4 41 theme healthy 939:945 arg1 dogs 947:950 16 FRE and 16 healthy dogs 925:950 16 FRE and 16 healthy dogs 925:950 Biopsy stimulation was performed in 17 FRE and 11 healthy dogs; WB stimulation was performed in 16 FRE and 16 healthy dogs. 24813376 3 42 from dogs 746:749 arg1 WB 737:738 WB 737:738 WB 737:738 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 3 42 from dogs 746:749 arg1 samples 712:718 ex vivo cultured duodenal samples 686:718 ex vivo cultured duodenal samples 686:718 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 3 42 from dogs 746:749 arg1 blood 730:734 whole blood 724:734 whole blood (WB) 724:739 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 0 43 theme duodenal 15:22 arg1 biopsies 24:31 duodenal biopsies 15:31 duodenal biopsies 15:31 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 24813376 5 44 theme IL-10 1018:1022 arg1 Expression 953:962 Expression 953:962 Expression of TLR2, 4, 5 and 9, IL-17A, IL-22, IFNy, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ and PPARy 953:1038 Expression of TLR2, 4, 5 and 9, IL-17A, IL-22, IFNy, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ and PPARy was determined in biopsies by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 24813376 3 45 theme Toll-like 620:628 arg1 ligands 645:651 different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands 610:651 different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands 610:651 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 7 46 with Treatment 1233:1241 arg1 ligands 1263:1269 individual TLR ligands 1248:1269 individual TLR ligands 1248:1269 Treatment with individual TLR ligands or EF induced a variety of changes in the expression of different TLRs and cytokines, but not necessarily a consistent change with a single stimulating agent. 24813376 6 47 from production 1129:1138 arg1 supernatants 1197:1208 WB and biopsy supernatants 1183:1208 WB and biopsy supernatants 1183:1208 In addition, production of TNFα, IL-10, IFNy and IL-17A protein in WB and biopsy supernatants was assessed by ELISA. 24813376 7 48 theme changes 1298:1304 arg1 changes 1298:1304 changes 1298:1304 changes in the expression of different TLRs and cytokines 1298:1354 Treatment with individual TLR ligands or EF induced a variety of changes in the expression of different TLRs and cytokines, but not necessarily a consistent change with a single stimulating agent. 24813376 7 48 theme changes 1298:1304 arg1 variety 1287:1293 a variety 1285:1293 a variety of changes in the expression of different TLRs and cytokines 1285:1354 Treatment with individual TLR ligands or EF induced a variety of changes in the expression of different TLRs and cytokines, but not necessarily a consistent change with a single stimulating agent. 24813376 1 49 theme significant 227:237 arg1 role 239:242 a significant role 225:242 a significant role 225:242 The composition of the microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. 24813376 8 50 theme cytokine 1442:1449 arg1 protein 1451:1457 cytokine protein 1442:1457 cytokine protein 1442:1457 Even though cytokine protein could not be detected in supernatants from ex vivo stimulated biopsies, we found TNFα protein responses in blood to be opposite of the transcriptional responses seen in the biopsies. 24813376 3 51 theme faecium 670:676 arg1 effects 599:605 the effects 595:605 the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) 595:796 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 7 52 with EF 1274:1275 arg1 ligands 1263:1269 individual TLR ligands 1248:1269 individual TLR ligands 1248:1269 Treatment with individual TLR ligands or EF induced a variety of changes in the expression of different TLRs and cytokines, but not necessarily a consistent change with a single stimulating agent. 24813376 5 53 theme TGFβ 1025:1028 arg1 Expression 953:962 Expression 953:962 Expression of TLR2, 4, 5 and 9, IL-17A, IL-22, IFNy, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ and PPARy 953:1038 Expression of TLR2, 4, 5 and 9, IL-17A, IL-22, IFNy, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ and PPARy was determined in biopsies by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 24813376 9 54 theme duodenal 1664:1671 arg1 biopsies 1673:1680 canine duodenal biopsies 1657:1680 canine duodenal biopsies 1657:1680 Stimulation of canine duodenal biopsies with TLR ligands can potentially induce anti-inflammatory gene expression, especially in healthy tissue, whereas the effects of EF were limited. 24813376 3 55 from effects 599:605 arg1 WB 737:738 WB 737:738 WB 737:738 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 3 55 from effects 599:605 arg1 samples 712:718 ex vivo cultured duodenal samples 686:718 ex vivo cultured duodenal samples 686:718 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 3 55 from effects 599:605 arg1 blood 730:734 whole blood 724:734 whole blood (WB) 724:739 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 1 56 theme inflammatory 267:278 arg1 IBD 295:297 IBD 295:297 IBD 295:297 The composition of the microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. 24813376 1 56 theme inflammatory 267:278 arg1 disease 286:292 inflammatory bowel disease 267:292 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) 267:339 The composition of the microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. 24813376 7 57 from expression 1313:1322 arg1 changes 1298:1304 changes 1298:1304 changes in the expression of different TLRs and cytokines 1298:1354 Treatment with individual TLR ligands or EF induced a variety of changes in the expression of different TLRs and cytokines, but not necessarily a consistent change with a single stimulating agent. 24813376 7 57 from expression 1313:1322 arg1 variety 1287:1293 a variety 1285:1293 a variety of changes in the expression of different TLRs and cytokines 1285:1354 Treatment with individual TLR ligands or EF induced a variety of changes in the expression of different TLRs and cytokines, but not necessarily a consistent change with a single stimulating agent. 24813376 7 58 theme TLR 1259:1261 arg1 ligands 1263:1269 individual TLR ligands 1248:1269 individual TLR ligands 1248:1269 Treatment with individual TLR ligands or EF induced a variety of changes in the expression of different TLRs and cytokines, but not necessarily a consistent change with a single stimulating agent. 24813376 9 59 with Stimulation 1642:1652 arg1 ligands 1691:1697 TLR ligands 1687:1697 TLR ligands 1687:1697 Stimulation of canine duodenal biopsies with TLR ligands can potentially induce anti-inflammatory gene expression, especially in healthy tissue, whereas the effects of EF were limited. 24813376 0 60 with dogs 54:57 arg1 ligands 141:147 Toll-like receptor ligands 122:147 Toll-like receptor ligands 122:147 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 24813376 0 60 with dogs 54:57 arg1 enteropathy 88:98 food-responsive chronic enteropathy 64:98 food-responsive chronic enteropathy 64:98 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 24813376 0 60 with dogs 54:57 arg1 faecium 176:182 probiotic Enterococcus faecium 153:182 probiotic Enterococcus faecium 153:182 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 24813376 0 61 theme blood 43:47 arg1 Stimulation 0:10 Stimulation 0:10 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 0:183 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 24813376 6 62 theme protein 1172:1178 arg1 production 1129:1138 production 1129:1138 production of TNFα, IL-10, IFNy and IL-17A protein in WB and biopsy supernatants 1129:1208 In addition, production of TNFα, IL-10, IFNy and IL-17A protein in WB and biopsy supernatants was assessed by ELISA. 24813376 1 63 from disease 286:292 arg1 CE 337:338 CE 337:338 CE 337:338 The composition of the microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. 24813376 1 63 from disease 286:292 arg1 humans 303:308 humans 303:308 humans 303:308 The composition of the microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. 24813376 1 63 from disease 286:292 arg1 enteropathies 322:334 chronic enteropathies 314:334 chronic enteropathies (CE) 314:339 The composition of the microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. 24813376 3 64 theme duodenal 703:710 arg1 samples 712:718 ex vivo cultured duodenal samples 686:718 ex vivo cultured duodenal samples 686:718 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 6 65 theme IL-10 1149:1153 arg1 production 1129:1138 production 1129:1138 production of TNFα, IL-10, IFNy and IL-17A protein in WB and biopsy supernatants 1129:1208 In addition, production of TNFα, IL-10, IFNy and IL-17A protein in WB and biopsy supernatants was assessed by ELISA. 24813376 7 66 theme single 1404:1409 arg1 agent 1423:1427 a single stimulating agent 1402:1427 a single stimulating agent 1402:1427 Treatment with individual TLR ligands or EF induced a variety of changes in the expression of different TLRs and cytokines, but not necessarily a consistent change with a single stimulating agent. 24813376 2 67 theme CE 534:535 arg1 dogs 537:540 healthy and CE dogs 522:540 healthy and CE dogs 522:540 The administration of probiotic micro-organisms is one way of modulating the microbiome, but experiments elucidating mechanisms of action of probiotics in the intestine of healthy and CE dogs are lacking. 24813376 9 68 theme anti-inflammatory 1722:1738 arg1 expression 1745:1754 anti-inflammatory gene expression 1722:1754 anti-inflammatory gene expression 1722:1754 Stimulation of canine duodenal biopsies with TLR ligands can potentially induce anti-inflammatory gene expression, especially in healthy tissue, whereas the effects of EF were limited. 24813376 6 69 theme TNFα 1143:1146 arg1 production 1129:1138 production 1129:1138 production of TNFα, IL-10, IFNy and IL-17A protein in WB and biopsy supernatants 1129:1208 In addition, production of TNFα, IL-10, IFNy and IL-17A protein in WB and biopsy supernatants was assessed by ELISA. 24813376 2 70 theme healthy 522:528 arg1 dogs 537:540 healthy and CE dogs 522:540 healthy and CE dogs 522:540 The administration of probiotic micro-organisms is one way of modulating the microbiome, but experiments elucidating mechanisms of action of probiotics in the intestine of healthy and CE dogs are lacking. 24813376 8 71 from responses 1553:1561 arg1 blood 1566:1570 blood 1566:1570 blood 1566:1570 Even though cytokine protein could not be detected in supernatants from ex vivo stimulated biopsies, we found TNFα protein responses in blood to be opposite of the transcriptional responses seen in the biopsies. 24813376 0 72 theme probiotic 153:161 arg1 faecium 176:182 probiotic Enterococcus faecium 153:182 probiotic Enterococcus faecium 153:182 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 24813376 7 73 theme consistent 1379:1388 arg1 change 1390:1395 necessarily a consistent change 1365:1395 necessarily a consistent change with a single stimulating agent 1365:1427 Treatment with individual TLR ligands or EF induced a variety of changes in the expression of different TLRs and cytokines, but not necessarily a consistent change with a single stimulating agent. 24813376 0 74 theme Toll-like 122:130 arg1 ligands 141:147 Toll-like receptor ligands 122:147 Toll-like receptor ligands 122:147 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 24813376 0 75 from dogs 112:115 arg1 Stimulation 0:10 Stimulation 0:10 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 0:183 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 24813376 8 76 theme TNFα 1540:1543 arg1 responses 1553:1561 TNFα protein responses 1540:1561 TNFα protein responses in blood 1540:1570 Even though cytokine protein could not be detected in supernatants from ex vivo stimulated biopsies, we found TNFα protein responses in blood to be opposite of the transcriptional responses seen in the biopsies. 24813376 4 77 theme Biopsy 829:834 arg1 stimulation 836:846 Biopsy stimulation 829:846 Biopsy stimulation 829:846 Biopsy stimulation was performed in 17 FRE and 11 healthy dogs; WB stimulation was performed in 16 FRE and 16 healthy dogs. 24813376 9 78 theme healthy 1771:1777 arg1 tissue 1779:1784 healthy tissue 1771:1784 healthy tissue 1771:1784 Stimulation of canine duodenal biopsies with TLR ligands can potentially induce anti-inflammatory gene expression, especially in healthy tissue, whereas the effects of EF were limited. 24813376 5 79 theme quantitative 1070:1081 arg1 PCR 1110:1112 PCR 1110:1112 PCR 1110:1112 Expression of TLR2, 4, 5 and 9, IL-17A, IL-22, IFNy, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ and PPARy was determined in biopsies by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 24813376 5 79 theme quantitative 1070:1081 arg1 reaction 1100:1107 quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1070:1107 quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 1070:1113 Expression of TLR2, 4, 5 and 9, IL-17A, IL-22, IFNy, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ and PPARy was determined in biopsies by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 24813376 0 80 theme chronic 80:86 arg1 enteropathy 88:98 food-responsive chronic enteropathy 64:98 food-responsive chronic enteropathy 64:98 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 24813376 9 81 dep induce 1715:1720 arg1 whereas 1787:1793 whereas 1787:1793 whereas 1787:1793 Stimulation of canine duodenal biopsies with TLR ligands can potentially induce anti-inflammatory gene expression, especially in healthy tissue, whereas the effects of EF were limited. 24813376 3 82 theme healthy 815:821 arg1 dogs 823:826 healthy dogs 815:826 healthy dogs 815:826 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 7 83 theme cytokines 1346:1354 arg1 expression 1313:1322 the expression 1309:1322 the expression of different TLRs and cytokines 1309:1354 Treatment with individual TLR ligands or EF induced a variety of changes in the expression of different TLRs and cytokines, but not necessarily a consistent change with a single stimulating agent. 24813376 4 84 theme WB 893:894 arg1 stimulation 896:906 WB stimulation 893:906 WB stimulation 893:906 Biopsy stimulation was performed in 17 FRE and 11 healthy dogs; WB stimulation was performed in 16 FRE and 16 healthy dogs. 24813376 5 85 theme chain 1094:1098 arg1 PCR 1110:1112 PCR 1110:1112 PCR 1110:1112 Expression of TLR2, 4, 5 and 9, IL-17A, IL-22, IFNy, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ and PPARy was determined in biopsies by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 24813376 5 85 theme chain 1094:1098 arg1 reaction 1100:1107 quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1070:1107 quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 1070:1113 Expression of TLR2, 4, 5 and 9, IL-17A, IL-22, IFNy, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ and PPARy was determined in biopsies by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 24813376 3 86 theme chronic 772:778 arg1 FRE 793:795 FRE 793:795 FRE 793:795 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 3 86 theme chronic 772:778 arg1 enteropathy 780:790 food-responsive chronic enteropathy 756:790 food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) 756:796 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 6 87 theme IL-17A 1165:1170 arg1 protein 1172:1178 IL-17A protein 1165:1178 IL-17A protein 1165:1178 In addition, production of TNFα, IL-10, IFNy and IL-17A protein in WB and biopsy supernatants was assessed by ELISA. 24813376 7 88 with change 1390:1395 arg1 agent 1423:1427 a single stimulating agent 1402:1427 a single stimulating agent 1402:1427 Treatment with individual TLR ligands or EF induced a variety of changes in the expression of different TLRs and cytokines, but not necessarily a consistent change with a single stimulating agent. 24813376 7 89 theme TLRs 1337:1340 arg1 expression 1313:1322 the expression 1309:1322 the expression of different TLRs and cytokines 1309:1354 Treatment with individual TLR ligands or EF induced a variety of changes in the expression of different TLRs and cytokines, but not necessarily a consistent change with a single stimulating agent. 24813376 6 90 theme IFNy 1156:1159 arg1 production 1129:1138 production 1129:1138 production of TNFα, IL-10, IFNy and IL-17A protein in WB and biopsy supernatants 1129:1208 In addition, production of TNFα, IL-10, IFNy and IL-17A protein in WB and biopsy supernatants was assessed by ELISA. 24813376 8 91 dep ex 1502:1503 arg1 vivo 1505:1508 vivo 1505:1508 vivo 1505:1508 Even though cytokine protein could not be detected in supernatants from ex vivo stimulated biopsies, we found TNFα protein responses in blood to be opposite of the transcriptional responses seen in the biopsies. 24813376 2 92 theme probiotic 372:380 arg1 micro-organisms 382:396 probiotic micro-organisms 372:396 probiotic micro-organisms 372:396 The administration of probiotic micro-organisms is one way of modulating the microbiome, but experiments elucidating mechanisms of action of probiotics in the intestine of healthy and CE dogs are lacking. 24813376 8 93 theme transcriptional 1594:1608 arg1 responses 1610:1618 the transcriptional responses 1590:1618 the transcriptional responses seen in the biopsies 1590:1639 Even though cytokine protein could not be detected in supernatants from ex vivo stimulated biopsies, we found TNFα protein responses in blood to be opposite of the transcriptional responses seen in the biopsies. 24813376 1 94 from pathogenesis 251:262 arg1 CE 337:338 CE 337:338 CE 337:338 The composition of the microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. 24813376 1 94 from pathogenesis 251:262 arg1 humans 303:308 humans 303:308 humans 303:308 The composition of the microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. 24813376 1 94 from pathogenesis 251:262 arg1 enteropathies 322:334 chronic enteropathies 314:334 chronic enteropathies (CE) 314:339 The composition of the microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. 24813376 1 94 from pathogenesis 251:262 arg1 dogs 344:347 dogs 344:347 dogs 344:347 The composition of the microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. 24813376 0 95 theme biopsies 24:31 arg1 Stimulation 0:10 Stimulation 0:10 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 0:183 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 24813376 3 96 theme different 610:618 arg1 ligands 645:651 different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands 610:651 different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands 610:651 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 0 97 theme whole 37:41 arg1 blood 43:47 whole blood 37:47 whole blood 37:47 Stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with Toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic Enterococcus faecium. 24813376 7 98 theme different 1327:1335 arg1 TLRs 1337:1340 different TLRs 1327:1340 different TLRs 1327:1340 Treatment with individual TLR ligands or EF induced a variety of changes in the expression of different TLRs and cytokines, but not necessarily a consistent change with a single stimulating agent. 24813376 1 99 from enteropathies 322:334 arg1 pathogenesis 251:262 the pathogenesis 247:262 the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs 247:347 The composition of the microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. 24813376 3 100 theme TLR 640:642 arg1 ligands 645:651 different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands 610:651 different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands 610:651 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 1 101 theme chronic 314:320 arg1 CE 337:338 CE 337:338 CE 337:338 The composition of the microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. 24813376 1 101 theme chronic 314:320 arg1 enteropathies 322:334 chronic enteropathies 314:334 chronic enteropathies (CE) 314:339 The composition of the microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans and chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. 24813376 3 102 theme receptor 630:637 arg1 ligands 645:651 different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands 610:651 different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands 610:651 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and Enterococcus faecium (EF) on ex vivo cultured duodenal samples and whole blood (WB) from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy (FRE) when compared to healthy dogs. 24813376 8 103 from biopsies 1521:1528 arg1 supernatants 1484:1495 supernatants 1484:1495 supernatants from ex vivo stimulated biopsies 1484:1528 Even though cytokine protein could not be detected in supernatants from ex vivo stimulated biopsies, we found TNFα protein responses in blood to be opposite of the transcriptional responses seen in the biopsies. 24813376 7 104 from variety 1287:1293 arg1 expression 1313:1322 the expression 1309:1322 the expression of different TLRs and cytokines 1309:1354 Treatment with individual TLR ligands or EF induced a variety of changes in the expression of different TLRs and cytokines, but not necessarily a consistent change with a single stimulating agent. 24813376 8 105 located detected 1472:1479 arg2 protein 1451:1457 cytokine protein 1442:1457 cytokine protein 1442:1457 Even though cytokine protein could not be detected in supernatants from ex vivo stimulated biopsies, we found TNFα protein responses in blood to be opposite of the transcriptional responses seen in the biopsies. 24813376 8 105 located detected 1472:1479 arg1 supernatants 1484:1495 supernatants 1484:1495 supernatants from ex vivo stimulated biopsies 1484:1528 Even though cytokine protein could not be detected in supernatants from ex vivo stimulated biopsies, we found TNFα protein responses in blood to be opposite of the transcriptional responses seen in the biopsies. 24813376 6 106 theme biopsy 1190:1195 arg1 supernatants 1197:1208 WB and biopsy supernatants 1183:1208 WB and biopsy supernatants 1183:1208 In addition, production of TNFα, IL-10, IFNy and IL-17A protein in WB and biopsy supernatants was assessed by ELISA. 28901673 1 0 from mixtures 173:180 arg1 formation 101:109 the formation 97:109 the formation of surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets in mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide 97:260 We report on the formation of surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets in mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. 28901673 2 1 theme composition 318:328 arg1 range 309:313 a broad range 301:313 a broad range of composition, pH, and ionic strength 301:352 We show that coacervation occurs over a broad range of composition, pH, and ionic strength. 28901673 1 2 from droplets 161:168 arg1 mixtures 173:180 mixtures 173:180 mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide 173:260 We report on the formation of surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets in mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. 28901673 1 3 theme coacervate 150:159 arg1 droplets 161:168 surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets 114:168 surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets in mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide 114:260 We report on the formation of surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets in mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. 28901673 3 4 theme catanionic 359:368 arg1 coacervates 370:380 The catanionic coacervates 355:380 The catanionic coacervates 355:380 The catanionic coacervates consist of elongated micelles, sequester a wide range of solutes including water-soluble organic dyes, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, and DNA, and can be structurally stabilized by sodium alginate or gelatin-based hydrogelation. 28901673 4 5 theme surfactant-based 696:711 arg1 model 737:741 a novel surfactant-based membrane-free protocell model 688:741 a novel surfactant-based membrane-free protocell model 688:741 These results suggest that catanionic coacervates could be exploited as a novel surfactant-based membrane-free protocell model. 28901673 4 5 theme surfactant-based 696:711 arg1 coacervates 654:664 catanionic coacervates 643:664 catanionic coacervates 643:664 These results suggest that catanionic coacervates could be exploited as a novel surfactant-based membrane-free protocell model. 28901673 1 6 theme decanoic 185:192 arg1 acid 194:197 decanoic acid 185:197 decanoic acid 185:197 We report on the formation of surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets in mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. 28901673 3 7 theme wide 425:428 arg1 DNA 525:527 DNA 525:527 DNA 525:527 The catanionic coacervates consist of elongated micelles, sequester a wide range of solutes including water-soluble organic dyes, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, and DNA, and can be structurally stabilized by sodium alginate or gelatin-based hydrogelation. 28901673 3 7 theme wide 425:428 arg1 proteins 502:509 proteins 502:509 proteins 502:509 The catanionic coacervates consist of elongated micelles, sequester a wide range of solutes including water-soluble organic dyes, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, and DNA, and can be structurally stabilized by sodium alginate or gelatin-based hydrogelation. 28901673 3 7 theme wide 425:428 arg1 enzymes 512:518 enzymes 512:518 enzymes 512:518 The catanionic coacervates consist of elongated micelles, sequester a wide range of solutes including water-soluble organic dyes, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, and DNA, and can be structurally stabilized by sodium alginate or gelatin-based hydrogelation. 28901673 3 7 theme wide 425:428 arg1 range 430:434 a wide range 423:434 a wide range of solutes including water-soluble organic dyes, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, and DNA 423:527 The catanionic coacervates consist of elongated micelles, sequester a wide range of solutes including water-soluble organic dyes, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, and DNA, and can be structurally stabilized by sodium alginate or gelatin-based hydrogelation. 28901673 3 7 theme wide 425:428 arg1 dyes 479:482 water-soluble organic dyes 457:482 water-soluble organic dyes 457:482 The catanionic coacervates consist of elongated micelles, sequester a wide range of solutes including water-soluble organic dyes, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, and DNA, and can be structurally stabilized by sodium alginate or gelatin-based hydrogelation. 28901673 3 7 theme wide 425:428 arg1 polysaccharides 485:499 polysaccharides 485:499 polysaccharides 485:499 The catanionic coacervates consist of elongated micelles, sequester a wide range of solutes including water-soluble organic dyes, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, and DNA, and can be structurally stabilized by sodium alginate or gelatin-based hydrogelation. 28901673 2 8 theme broad 303:307 arg1 range 309:313 a broad range 301:313 a broad range of composition, pH, and ionic strength 301:352 We show that coacervation occurs over a broad range of composition, pH, and ionic strength. 28901673 1 9 theme acid 194:197 arg1 mixtures 173:180 mixtures 173:180 mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide 173:260 We report on the formation of surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets in mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. 28901673 3 10 theme solutes 439:445 arg1 DNA 525:527 DNA 525:527 DNA 525:527 The catanionic coacervates consist of elongated micelles, sequester a wide range of solutes including water-soluble organic dyes, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, and DNA, and can be structurally stabilized by sodium alginate or gelatin-based hydrogelation. 28901673 3 10 theme solutes 439:445 arg1 proteins 502:509 proteins 502:509 proteins 502:509 The catanionic coacervates consist of elongated micelles, sequester a wide range of solutes including water-soluble organic dyes, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, and DNA, and can be structurally stabilized by sodium alginate or gelatin-based hydrogelation. 28901673 3 10 theme solutes 439:445 arg1 enzymes 512:518 enzymes 512:518 enzymes 512:518 The catanionic coacervates consist of elongated micelles, sequester a wide range of solutes including water-soluble organic dyes, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, and DNA, and can be structurally stabilized by sodium alginate or gelatin-based hydrogelation. 28901673 3 10 theme solutes 439:445 arg1 range 430:434 a wide range 423:434 a wide range of solutes including water-soluble organic dyes, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, and DNA 423:527 The catanionic coacervates consist of elongated micelles, sequester a wide range of solutes including water-soluble organic dyes, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, and DNA, and can be structurally stabilized by sodium alginate or gelatin-based hydrogelation. 28901673 3 10 theme solutes 439:445 arg1 dyes 479:482 water-soluble organic dyes 457:482 water-soluble organic dyes 457:482 The catanionic coacervates consist of elongated micelles, sequester a wide range of solutes including water-soluble organic dyes, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, and DNA, and can be structurally stabilized by sodium alginate or gelatin-based hydrogelation. 28901673 3 10 theme solutes 439:445 arg1 polysaccharides 485:499 polysaccharides 485:499 polysaccharides 485:499 The catanionic coacervates consist of elongated micelles, sequester a wide range of solutes including water-soluble organic dyes, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, and DNA, and can be structurally stabilized by sodium alginate or gelatin-based hydrogelation. 28901673 0 11 theme Catanionic 0:9 arg1 Coacervate 11:20 Catanionic Coacervate 0:20 Catanionic Coacervate 0:20 Catanionic Coacervate Droplets as a Surfactant-Based Membrane-Free Protocell Model. 28901673 1 12 theme cetylpyridinium 203:217 arg1 chloride 219:226 cetylpyridinium chloride 203:226 cetylpyridinium chloride 203:226 We report on the formation of surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets in mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. 28901673 3 13 theme elongated 393:401 arg1 micelles 403:410 elongated micelles 393:410 elongated micelles 393:410 The catanionic coacervates consist of elongated micelles, sequester a wide range of solutes including water-soluble organic dyes, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, and DNA, and can be structurally stabilized by sodium alginate or gelatin-based hydrogelation. 28901673 2 14 theme pH 331:332 arg1 range 309:313 a broad range 301:313 a broad range of composition, pH, and ionic strength 301:352 We show that coacervation occurs over a broad range of composition, pH, and ionic strength. 28901673 1 15 theme chloride 219:226 arg1 mixtures 173:180 mixtures 173:180 mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide 173:260 We report on the formation of surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets in mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. 28901673 3 16 theme sodium 568:573 arg1 alginate 575:582 sodium alginate 568:582 sodium alginate 568:582 The catanionic coacervates consist of elongated micelles, sequester a wide range of solutes including water-soluble organic dyes, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, and DNA, and can be structurally stabilized by sodium alginate or gelatin-based hydrogelation. 28901673 4 17 theme protocell 727:735 arg1 model 737:741 a novel surfactant-based membrane-free protocell model 688:741 a novel surfactant-based membrane-free protocell model 688:741 These results suggest that catanionic coacervates could be exploited as a novel surfactant-based membrane-free protocell model. 28901673 4 17 theme protocell 727:735 arg1 coacervates 654:664 catanionic coacervates 643:664 catanionic coacervates 643:664 These results suggest that catanionic coacervates could be exploited as a novel surfactant-based membrane-free protocell model. 28901673 0 18 theme Surfactant-Based 36:51 arg1 Model 77:81 a Surfactant-Based Membrane-Free Protocell Model 34:81 a Surfactant-Based Membrane-Free Protocell Model 34:81 Catanionic Coacervate Droplets as a Surfactant-Based Membrane-Free Protocell Model. 28901673 4 19 theme novel 690:694 arg1 model 737:741 a novel surfactant-based membrane-free protocell model 688:741 a novel surfactant-based membrane-free protocell model 688:741 These results suggest that catanionic coacervates could be exploited as a novel surfactant-based membrane-free protocell model. 28901673 4 19 theme novel 690:694 arg1 coacervates 654:664 catanionic coacervates 643:664 catanionic coacervates 643:664 These results suggest that catanionic coacervates could be exploited as a novel surfactant-based membrane-free protocell model. 28901673 1 20 theme cetyltrimethylammonium 231:252 arg1 bromide 254:260 cetyltrimethylammonium bromide 231:260 cetyltrimethylammonium bromide 231:260 We report on the formation of surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets in mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. 28901673 3 21 theme water-soluble 457:469 arg1 dyes 479:482 water-soluble organic dyes 457:482 water-soluble organic dyes 457:482 The catanionic coacervates consist of elongated micelles, sequester a wide range of solutes including water-soluble organic dyes, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, and DNA, and can be structurally stabilized by sodium alginate or gelatin-based hydrogelation. 28901673 0 22 theme Protocell 67:75 arg1 Model 77:81 a Surfactant-Based Membrane-Free Protocell Model 34:81 a Surfactant-Based Membrane-Free Protocell Model 34:81 Catanionic Coacervate Droplets as a Surfactant-Based Membrane-Free Protocell Model. 28901673 3 23 theme gelatin-based 587:599 arg1 hydrogelation 601:613 gelatin-based hydrogelation 587:613 gelatin-based hydrogelation 587:613 The catanionic coacervates consist of elongated micelles, sequester a wide range of solutes including water-soluble organic dyes, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, and DNA, and can be structurally stabilized by sodium alginate or gelatin-based hydrogelation. 28901673 1 24 theme surfactant-based 114:129 arg1 droplets 161:168 surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets 114:168 surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets in mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide 114:260 We report on the formation of surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets in mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. 28901673 0 25 theme Membrane-Free 53:65 arg1 Model 77:81 a Surfactant-Based Membrane-Free Protocell Model 34:81 a Surfactant-Based Membrane-Free Protocell Model 34:81 Catanionic Coacervate Droplets as a Surfactant-Based Membrane-Free Protocell Model. 28901673 1 26 theme complex 131:137 arg1 droplets 161:168 surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets 114:168 surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets in mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide 114:260 We report on the formation of surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets in mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. 28901673 1 27 from formation 101:109 arg1 mixtures 173:180 mixtures 173:180 mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide 173:260 We report on the formation of surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets in mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. 28901673 1 28 theme catanionic 139:148 arg1 droplets 161:168 surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets 114:168 surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets in mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide 114:260 We report on the formation of surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets in mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. 28901673 2 29 theme ionic 339:343 arg1 strength 345:352 ionic strength 339:352 ionic strength 339:352 We show that coacervation occurs over a broad range of composition, pH, and ionic strength. 28901673 2 30 theme strength 345:352 arg1 range 309:313 a broad range 301:313 a broad range of composition, pH, and ionic strength 301:352 We show that coacervation occurs over a broad range of composition, pH, and ionic strength. 28901673 1 31 theme droplets 161:168 arg1 formation 101:109 the formation 97:109 the formation of surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets in mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide 97:260 We report on the formation of surfactant-based complex catanionic coacervate droplets in mixtures of decanoic acid and cetylpyridinium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. 28901673 3 32 theme organic 471:477 arg1 dyes 479:482 water-soluble organic dyes 457:482 water-soluble organic dyes 457:482 The catanionic coacervates consist of elongated micelles, sequester a wide range of solutes including water-soluble organic dyes, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, and DNA, and can be structurally stabilized by sodium alginate or gelatin-based hydrogelation. 28901673 4 33 theme catanionic 643:652 arg1 model 737:741 a novel surfactant-based membrane-free protocell model 688:741 a novel surfactant-based membrane-free protocell model 688:741 These results suggest that catanionic coacervates could be exploited as a novel surfactant-based membrane-free protocell model. 28901673 4 33 theme catanionic 643:652 arg1 coacervates 654:664 catanionic coacervates 643:664 catanionic coacervates 643:664 These results suggest that catanionic coacervates could be exploited as a novel surfactant-based membrane-free protocell model. 28901673 4 34 theme membrane-free 713:725 arg1 model 737:741 a novel surfactant-based membrane-free protocell model 688:741 a novel surfactant-based membrane-free protocell model 688:741 These results suggest that catanionic coacervates could be exploited as a novel surfactant-based membrane-free protocell model. 28901673 4 34 theme membrane-free 713:725 arg1 coacervates 654:664 catanionic coacervates 643:664 catanionic coacervates 643:664 These results suggest that catanionic coacervates could be exploited as a novel surfactant-based membrane-free protocell model. 24995865 2 0 theme O-GlcNAc 563:570 arg1 functions 550:558 the functions 546:558 the functions of O-GlcNAc 546:570 In combination with other cell biological and biochemical approaches, a robust and streamlined strategy for detecting the number and stoichiometry of O-GlcNAc modification can provide valuable insights for decoding the functions of O-GlcNAc at the molecular level. 24995865 2 1 theme streamlined 414:424 arg1 strategy 426:433 a robust and streamlined strategy 401:433 a robust and streamlined strategy for detecting the number and stoichiometry of O-GlcNAc modification 401:501 In combination with other cell biological and biochemical approaches, a robust and streamlined strategy for detecting the number and stoichiometry of O-GlcNAc modification can provide valuable insights for decoding the functions of O-GlcNAc at the molecular level. 24995865 1 2 theme numerous 300:307 arg1 processes 320:328 numerous biological processes 300:328 numerous biological processes 300:328 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins is an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. 24995865 0 3 theme click 96:100 arg1 chemistry 102:110 copper-free click chemistry 84:110 copper-free click chemistry 84:110 Monitoring protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine status via metabolic labeling and copper-free click chemistry. 24995865 1 4 located found 168:172 arg1 threonine 192:200 threonine 192:200 threonine 192:200 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins is an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. 24995865 1 4 located found 168:172 arg1 serine 181:186 serine 181:186 serine 181:186 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins is an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. 24995865 1 4 located found 168:172 arg2 modification 272:283 an inducible post-translational modification 240:283 an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes 240:328 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins is an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. 24995865 1 4 located found 168:172 arg2 modification 155:166 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 113:166 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins 113:235 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins is an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. 24995865 1 5 theme biological 309:318 arg1 processes 320:328 numerous biological processes 300:328 numerous biological processes 300:328 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins is an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. 24995865 0 6 link O-linked 19:26 arg1 status 50:55 protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine status 11:55 protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine status 11:55 Monitoring protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine status via metabolic labeling and copper-free click chemistry. 24995865 2 7 theme other 351:355 arg1 approaches 389:398 other cell biological and biochemical approaches 351:398 other cell biological and biochemical approaches 351:398 In combination with other cell biological and biochemical approaches, a robust and streamlined strategy for detecting the number and stoichiometry of O-GlcNAc modification can provide valuable insights for decoding the functions of O-GlcNAc at the molecular level. 24995865 2 8 theme biochemical 377:387 arg1 approaches 389:398 other cell biological and biochemical approaches 351:398 other cell biological and biochemical approaches 351:398 In combination with other cell biological and biochemical approaches, a robust and streamlined strategy for detecting the number and stoichiometry of O-GlcNAc modification can provide valuable insights for decoding the functions of O-GlcNAc at the molecular level. 24995865 3 9 theme optimized 615:623 arg1 workflow 625:632 an optimized workflow 612:632 an optimized workflow for evaluating the O-GlcNAc status of proteins using a combination of metabolic labeling and click chemistry-based mass tagging 612:760 Here, we report an optimized workflow for evaluating the O-GlcNAc status of proteins using a combination of metabolic labeling and click chemistry-based mass tagging. 24995865 2 10 theme robust 403:408 arg1 strategy 426:433 a robust and streamlined strategy 401:433 a robust and streamlined strategy for detecting the number and stoichiometry of O-GlcNAc modification 401:501 In combination with other cell biological and biochemical approaches, a robust and streamlined strategy for detecting the number and stoichiometry of O-GlcNAc modification can provide valuable insights for decoding the functions of O-GlcNAc at the molecular level. 24995865 4 11 theme mass-tagging 834:845 arg1 method 847:852 the chemoenzymatic-based mass-tagging method 809:852 the chemoenzymatic-based mass-tagging method 809:852 This method is strategically complementary to the chemoenzymatic-based mass-tagging method. 24995865 2 12 theme molecular 579:587 arg1 level 589:593 the molecular level 575:593 the molecular level 575:593 In combination with other cell biological and biochemical approaches, a robust and streamlined strategy for detecting the number and stoichiometry of O-GlcNAc modification can provide valuable insights for decoding the functions of O-GlcNAc at the molecular level. 24995865 0 13 theme protein 11:17 arg1 status 50:55 protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine status 11:55 protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine status 11:55 Monitoring protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine status via metabolic labeling and copper-free click chemistry. 24995865 1 14 dep serine 181:186 arg1 the 177:179 the 177:179 the 177:179 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins is an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. 24995865 1 14 dep serine 181:186 arg1 residues 202:209 residues 202:209 residues 202:209 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins is an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. 24995865 2 15 theme valuable 515:522 arg1 insights 524:531 valuable insights 515:531 valuable insights 515:531 In combination with other cell biological and biochemical approaches, a robust and streamlined strategy for detecting the number and stoichiometry of O-GlcNAc modification can provide valuable insights for decoding the functions of O-GlcNAc at the molecular level. 24995865 1 16 theme O-Linked 113:120 arg1 modification 155:166 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 113:166 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins 113:235 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins is an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. 24995865 1 16 theme O-Linked 113:120 arg1 modification 272:283 an inducible post-translational modification 240:283 an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes 240:328 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins is an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. 24995865 1 17 theme intracellular 214:226 arg1 proteins 228:235 intracellular proteins 214:235 intracellular proteins 214:235 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins is an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. 24995865 0 18 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 28:48 arg1 status 50:55 protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine status 11:55 protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine status 11:55 Monitoring protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine status via metabolic labeling and copper-free click chemistry. 24995865 4 19 theme chemoenzymatic-based 813:832 arg1 method 847:852 the chemoenzymatic-based mass-tagging method 809:852 the chemoenzymatic-based mass-tagging method 809:852 This method is strategically complementary to the chemoenzymatic-based mass-tagging method. 24995865 1 20 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 122:142 arg1 modification 155:166 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 113:166 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins 113:235 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins is an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. 24995865 1 20 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 122:142 arg1 modification 272:283 an inducible post-translational modification 240:283 an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes 240:328 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins is an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. 24995865 2 21 theme modification 490:501 arg1 number 453:458 number 453:458 number 453:458 In combination with other cell biological and biochemical approaches, a robust and streamlined strategy for detecting the number and stoichiometry of O-GlcNAc modification can provide valuable insights for decoding the functions of O-GlcNAc at the molecular level. 24995865 2 21 theme modification 490:501 arg1 stoichiometry 464:476 stoichiometry 464:476 stoichiometry 464:476 In combination with other cell biological and biochemical approaches, a robust and streamlined strategy for detecting the number and stoichiometry of O-GlcNAc modification can provide valuable insights for decoding the functions of O-GlcNAc at the molecular level. 24995865 0 22 theme O-linked 19:26 arg1 status 50:55 protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine status 11:55 protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine status 11:55 Monitoring protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine status via metabolic labeling and copper-free click chemistry. 24995865 3 23 theme labeling 714:721 arg1 combination 689:699 a combination 687:699 a combination of metabolic labeling and click chemistry-based mass tagging 687:760 Here, we report an optimized workflow for evaluating the O-GlcNAc status of proteins using a combination of metabolic labeling and click chemistry-based mass tagging. 24995865 2 24 theme O-GlcNAc 481:488 arg1 modification 490:501 O-GlcNAc modification 481:501 O-GlcNAc modification 481:501 In combination with other cell biological and biochemical approaches, a robust and streamlined strategy for detecting the number and stoichiometry of O-GlcNAc modification can provide valuable insights for decoding the functions of O-GlcNAc at the molecular level. 24995865 1 25 theme inducible 243:251 arg1 modification 155:166 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 113:166 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins 113:235 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins is an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. 24995865 1 25 theme inducible 243:251 arg1 modification 272:283 an inducible post-translational modification 240:283 an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes 240:328 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins is an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. 24995865 3 26 theme metabolic 704:712 arg1 labeling 714:721 metabolic labeling 704:721 metabolic labeling 704:721 Here, we report an optimized workflow for evaluating the O-GlcNAc status of proteins using a combination of metabolic labeling and click chemistry-based mass tagging. 24995865 1 27 theme O-GlcNAc 145:152 arg1 modification 155:166 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 113:166 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins 113:235 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins is an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. 24995865 1 27 theme O-GlcNAc 145:152 arg1 modification 272:283 an inducible post-translational modification 240:283 an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes 240:328 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins is an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. 24995865 0 28 theme metabolic 61:69 arg1 labeling 71:78 metabolic labeling 61:78 metabolic labeling 61:78 Monitoring protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine status via metabolic labeling and copper-free click chemistry. 24995865 3 29 theme mass 749:752 arg1 tagging 754:760 click chemistry-based mass tagging 727:760 click chemistry-based mass tagging 727:760 Here, we report an optimized workflow for evaluating the O-GlcNAc status of proteins using a combination of metabolic labeling and click chemistry-based mass tagging. 24995865 3 30 theme O-GlcNAc 653:660 arg1 status 662:667 the O-GlcNAc status 649:667 the O-GlcNAc status of proteins 649:679 Here, we report an optimized workflow for evaluating the O-GlcNAc status of proteins using a combination of metabolic labeling and click chemistry-based mass tagging. 24995865 3 31 theme tagging 754:760 arg1 combination 689:699 a combination 687:699 a combination of metabolic labeling and click chemistry-based mass tagging 687:760 Here, we report an optimized workflow for evaluating the O-GlcNAc status of proteins using a combination of metabolic labeling and click chemistry-based mass tagging. 24995865 2 32 theme biological 362:371 arg1 approaches 389:398 other cell biological and biochemical approaches 351:398 other cell biological and biochemical approaches 351:398 In combination with other cell biological and biochemical approaches, a robust and streamlined strategy for detecting the number and stoichiometry of O-GlcNAc modification can provide valuable insights for decoding the functions of O-GlcNAc at the molecular level. 24995865 1 33 theme post-translational 253:270 arg1 modification 155:166 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 113:166 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins 113:235 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins is an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. 24995865 1 33 theme post-translational 253:270 arg1 modification 272:283 an inducible post-translational modification 240:283 an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes 240:328 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins is an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. 24995865 3 34 theme click 727:731 arg1 tagging 754:760 click chemistry-based mass tagging 727:760 click chemistry-based mass tagging 727:760 Here, we report an optimized workflow for evaluating the O-GlcNAc status of proteins using a combination of metabolic labeling and click chemistry-based mass tagging. 24995865 0 35 theme copper-free 84:94 arg1 chemistry 102:110 copper-free click chemistry 84:110 copper-free click chemistry 84:110 Monitoring protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine status via metabolic labeling and copper-free click chemistry. 24995865 3 36 theme chemistry-based 733:747 arg1 tagging 754:760 click chemistry-based mass tagging 727:760 click chemistry-based mass tagging 727:760 Here, we report an optimized workflow for evaluating the O-GlcNAc status of proteins using a combination of metabolic labeling and click chemistry-based mass tagging. 24995865 3 37 theme proteins 672:679 arg1 status 662:667 the O-GlcNAc status 649:667 the O-GlcNAc status of proteins 649:679 Here, we report an optimized workflow for evaluating the O-GlcNAc status of proteins using a combination of metabolic labeling and click chemistry-based mass tagging. 24995865 1 38 theme proteins 228:235 arg1 threonine 192:200 threonine 192:200 threonine 192:200 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins is an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. 24995865 1 38 theme proteins 228:235 arg1 serine 181:186 serine 181:186 serine 181:186 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification found on the serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins is an inducible post-translational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. 24995865 2 39 dep number 453:458 arg1 the 449:451 the 449:451 the 449:451 In combination with other cell biological and biochemical approaches, a robust and streamlined strategy for detecting the number and stoichiometry of O-GlcNAc modification can provide valuable insights for decoding the functions of O-GlcNAc at the molecular level. 24995865 2 40 with combination 334:344 arg1 approaches 389:398 other cell biological and biochemical approaches 351:398 other cell biological and biochemical approaches 351:398 In combination with other cell biological and biochemical approaches, a robust and streamlined strategy for detecting the number and stoichiometry of O-GlcNAc modification can provide valuable insights for decoding the functions of O-GlcNAc at the molecular level. 25925863 4 0 theme stationary 793:802 arg1 phase 804:808 an amide stationary phase 784:808 an amide stationary phase 784:808 Use of an amide stationary phase with HILIC chromatography is demonstrated to retain the highly polar, underivatized monosaccharides and to resolve stereoisomers and potentially interfering contaminants. 25925863 1 1 theme aggregate 187:195 arg1 glycoconjugates 159:173 glycoconjugates 159:173 glycoconjugates 159:173 Chromatographic separation of monosaccharides hydrolyzed from glycoconjugates or complex, aggregate biomaterials, can be achieved by classic analytical methods without a need for derivatizing the monosaccharide subunits. 25925863 1 1 theme aggregate 187:195 arg1 biomaterials 197:208 aggregate biomaterials 187:208 aggregate biomaterials 187:208 Chromatographic separation of monosaccharides hydrolyzed from glycoconjugates or complex, aggregate biomaterials, can be achieved by classic analytical methods without a need for derivatizing the monosaccharide subunits. 25925863 3 2 from glycoproteins 631:643 arg1 anything 608:615 anything 608:615 anything from purified glycoproteins to mixtures of glycoforms 608:669 This method is adaptable for characterizing anything from purified glycoproteins to mixtures of glycoforms, for relative or absolute quantification applications, and even for the analysis of complex biomaterials. 25925863 4 3 theme amide 787:791 arg1 phase 804:808 an amide stationary phase 784:808 an amide stationary phase 784:808 Use of an amide stationary phase with HILIC chromatography is demonstrated to retain the highly polar, underivatized monosaccharides and to resolve stereoisomers and potentially interfering contaminants. 25925863 4 4 with Use 777:779 arg1 chromatography 821:834 HILIC chromatography 815:834 HILIC chromatography 815:834 Use of an amide stationary phase with HILIC chromatography is demonstrated to retain the highly polar, underivatized monosaccharides and to resolve stereoisomers and potentially interfering contaminants. 25925863 2 5 theme sensitive 331:339 arg1 method 341:346 A simple and sensitive method 318:346 A simple and sensitive method 318:346 A simple and sensitive method is presented for characterizing underivatized monosaccharides following hydrolysis from N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS). 25925863 1 6 theme monosaccharide 293:306 arg1 subunits 308:315 the monosaccharide subunits 289:315 the monosaccharide subunits 289:315 Chromatographic separation of monosaccharides hydrolyzed from glycoconjugates or complex, aggregate biomaterials, can be achieved by classic analytical methods without a need for derivatizing the monosaccharide subunits. 25925863 5 7 theme standards 1077:1085 arg1 characterization 1028:1043 characterization 1028:1043 characterization of N- and O-linked glycoprotein standards, mixtures 1028:1095 This work illustrates an original approach for characterization of N- and O-linked glycoprotein standards, mixtures, and for complex biological materials such as a total yeast extract. 25925863 2 8 theme simple 320:325 arg1 method 341:346 A simple and sensitive method 318:346 A simple and sensitive method 318:346 A simple and sensitive method is presented for characterizing underivatized monosaccharides following hydrolysis from N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS). 25925863 5 9 theme glycoprotein 1064:1075 arg1 mixtures 1088:1095 mixtures 1088:1095 mixtures 1088:1095 This work illustrates an original approach for characterization of N- and O-linked glycoprotein standards, mixtures, and for complex biological materials such as a total yeast extract. 25925863 5 9 theme glycoprotein 1064:1075 arg1 standards 1077:1085 O-linked glycoprotein standards 1055:1085 O-linked glycoprotein standards 1055:1085 This work illustrates an original approach for characterization of N- and O-linked glycoprotein standards, mixtures, and for complex biological materials such as a total yeast extract. 25925863 2 10 gly glycoproteins 452:464 arg1 glycoproteins 452:464 N- and O-linked glycoproteins 436:464 N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS) 436:561 A simple and sensitive method is presented for characterizing underivatized monosaccharides following hydrolysis from N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS). 25925863 2 11 theme chromatography 496:509 arg1 separation 511:520 high-performance liquid chromatography separation 472:520 high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS) 472:561 A simple and sensitive method is presented for characterizing underivatized monosaccharides following hydrolysis from N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS). 25925863 3 12 theme purified 622:629 arg1 glycoproteins 631:643 purified glycoproteins 622:643 purified glycoproteins 622:643 This method is adaptable for characterizing anything from purified glycoproteins to mixtures of glycoforms, for relative or absolute quantification applications, and even for the analysis of complex biomaterials. 25925863 2 13 with separation 511:520 arg1 LC-MS 556:560 LC-MS 556:560 LC-MS 556:560 A simple and sensitive method is presented for characterizing underivatized monosaccharides following hydrolysis from N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS). 25925863 2 13 with separation 511:520 arg1 detection 545:553 mass spectrometry detection 527:553 mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS) 527:561 A simple and sensitive method is presented for characterizing underivatized monosaccharides following hydrolysis from N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS). 25925863 4 14 theme interfering 955:965 arg1 contaminants 967:978 potentially interfering contaminants 943:978 potentially interfering contaminants 943:978 Use of an amide stationary phase with HILIC chromatography is demonstrated to retain the highly polar, underivatized monosaccharides and to resolve stereoisomers and potentially interfering contaminants. 25925863 4 15 theme polar 873:877 arg1 monosaccharides 894:908 the highly polar, underivatized monosaccharides 862:908 the highly polar, underivatized monosaccharides 862:908 Use of an amide stationary phase with HILIC chromatography is demonstrated to retain the highly polar, underivatized monosaccharides and to resolve stereoisomers and potentially interfering contaminants. 25925863 5 16 theme yeast 1151:1155 arg1 extract 1157:1163 a total yeast extract 1143:1163 a total yeast extract 1143:1163 This work illustrates an original approach for characterization of N- and O-linked glycoprotein standards, mixtures, and for complex biological materials such as a total yeast extract. 25925863 1 17 theme Chromatographic 97:111 arg1 separation 113:122 Chromatographic separation 97:122 Chromatographic separation of monosaccharides 97:141 Chromatographic separation of monosaccharides hydrolyzed from glycoconjugates or complex, aggregate biomaterials, can be achieved by classic analytical methods without a need for derivatizing the monosaccharide subunits. 25925863 2 18 theme O-linked 443:450 arg1 glycoproteins 452:464 N- and O-linked glycoproteins 436:464 N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS) 436:561 A simple and sensitive method is presented for characterizing underivatized monosaccharides following hydrolysis from N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS). 25925863 2 19 theme spectrometry 532:543 arg1 LC-MS 556:560 LC-MS 556:560 LC-MS 556:560 A simple and sensitive method is presented for characterizing underivatized monosaccharides following hydrolysis from N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS). 25925863 2 19 theme spectrometry 532:543 arg1 detection 545:553 mass spectrometry detection 527:553 mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS) 527:561 A simple and sensitive method is presented for characterizing underivatized monosaccharides following hydrolysis from N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS). 25925863 3 20 theme glycoforms 660:669 arg1 mixtures 648:655 mixtures 648:655 mixtures of glycoforms 648:669 This method is adaptable for characterizing anything from purified glycoproteins to mixtures of glycoforms, for relative or absolute quantification applications, and even for the analysis of complex biomaterials. 25925863 5 21 theme original 1006:1013 arg1 approach 1015:1022 an original approach 1003:1022 an original approach for characterization of N- and O-linked glycoprotein standards, mixtures, and for complex biological materials such as a total yeast extract 1003:1163 This work illustrates an original approach for characterization of N- and O-linked glycoprotein standards, mixtures, and for complex biological materials such as a total yeast extract. 25925863 2 22 theme mass 527:530 arg1 spectrometry 532:543 mass spectrometry 527:543 mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS) 527:561 A simple and sensitive method is presented for characterizing underivatized monosaccharides following hydrolysis from N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS). 25925863 5 23 theme total 1145:1149 arg1 extract 1157:1163 a total yeast extract 1143:1163 a total yeast extract 1143:1163 This work illustrates an original approach for characterization of N- and O-linked glycoprotein standards, mixtures, and for complex biological materials such as a total yeast extract. 25925863 0 24 theme monosaccharides 14:28 arg1 Separation 0:9 Separation 0:9 Separation of monosaccharides 0:28 Separation of monosaccharides hydrolyzed from glycoproteins without the need for derivatization. 25925863 5 25 theme complex 1106:1112 arg1 materials 1125:1133 complex biological materials 1106:1133 complex biological materials such as a total yeast extract 1106:1163 This work illustrates an original approach for characterization of N- and O-linked glycoprotein standards, mixtures, and for complex biological materials such as a total yeast extract. 25925863 5 25 theme complex 1106:1112 arg1 extract 1157:1163 a total yeast extract 1143:1163 a total yeast extract 1143:1163 This work illustrates an original approach for characterization of N- and O-linked glycoprotein standards, mixtures, and for complex biological materials such as a total yeast extract. 25925863 2 26 link O-linked 443:450 arg1 glycoproteins 452:464 N- and O-linked glycoproteins 436:464 N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS) 436:561 A simple and sensitive method is presented for characterizing underivatized monosaccharides following hydrolysis from N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS). 25925863 1 27 theme monosaccharides 127:141 arg1 separation 113:122 Chromatographic separation 97:122 Chromatographic separation of monosaccharides 97:141 Chromatographic separation of monosaccharides hydrolyzed from glycoconjugates or complex, aggregate biomaterials, can be achieved by classic analytical methods without a need for derivatizing the monosaccharide subunits. 25925863 1 28 theme classic 230:236 arg1 methods 249:255 classic analytical methods 230:255 classic analytical methods 230:255 Chromatographic separation of monosaccharides hydrolyzed from glycoconjugates or complex, aggregate biomaterials, can be achieved by classic analytical methods without a need for derivatizing the monosaccharide subunits. 25925863 4 29 theme phase 804:808 arg1 Use 777:779 Use 777:779 Use of an amide stationary phase with HILIC chromatography 777:834 Use of an amide stationary phase with HILIC chromatography is demonstrated to retain the highly polar, underivatized monosaccharides and to resolve stereoisomers and potentially interfering contaminants. 25925863 5 30 gly glycoprotein 1064:1075 arg1 glycoprotein 1064:1075 O-linked glycoprotein standards 1055:1085 O-linked glycoprotein standards 1055:1085 This work illustrates an original approach for characterization of N- and O-linked glycoprotein standards, mixtures, and for complex biological materials such as a total yeast extract. 25925863 1 31 theme analytical 238:247 arg1 methods 249:255 classic analytical methods 230:255 classic analytical methods 230:255 Chromatographic separation of monosaccharides hydrolyzed from glycoconjugates or complex, aggregate biomaterials, can be achieved by classic analytical methods without a need for derivatizing the monosaccharide subunits. 25925863 3 32 theme absolute 688:695 arg1 applications 712:723 relative or absolute quantification applications 676:723 relative or absolute quantification applications 676:723 This method is adaptable for characterizing anything from purified glycoproteins to mixtures of glycoforms, for relative or absolute quantification applications, and even for the analysis of complex biomaterials. 25925863 2 33 theme liquid 489:494 arg1 chromatography 496:509 high-performance liquid chromatography 472:509 high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS) 472:561 A simple and sensitive method is presented for characterizing underivatized monosaccharides following hydrolysis from N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS). 25925863 3 34 theme quantification 697:710 arg1 applications 712:723 relative or absolute quantification applications 676:723 relative or absolute quantification applications 676:723 This method is adaptable for characterizing anything from purified glycoproteins to mixtures of glycoforms, for relative or absolute quantification applications, and even for the analysis of complex biomaterials. 25925863 3 35 gly glycoproteins 631:643 arg1 glycoproteins 631:643 purified glycoproteins 622:643 purified glycoproteins 622:643 This method is adaptable for characterizing anything from purified glycoproteins to mixtures of glycoforms, for relative or absolute quantification applications, and even for the analysis of complex biomaterials. 25925863 2 36 theme high-performance 472:487 arg1 chromatography 496:509 high-performance liquid chromatography 472:509 high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS) 472:561 A simple and sensitive method is presented for characterizing underivatized monosaccharides following hydrolysis from N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS). 25925863 5 37 link O-linked 1055:1062 arg1 mixtures 1088:1095 mixtures 1088:1095 mixtures 1088:1095 This work illustrates an original approach for characterization of N- and O-linked glycoprotein standards, mixtures, and for complex biological materials such as a total yeast extract. 25925863 5 37 link O-linked 1055:1062 arg1 standards 1077:1085 O-linked glycoprotein standards 1055:1085 O-linked glycoprotein standards 1055:1085 This work illustrates an original approach for characterization of N- and O-linked glycoprotein standards, mixtures, and for complex biological materials such as a total yeast extract. 25925863 3 38 theme relative 676:683 arg1 applications 712:723 relative or absolute quantification applications 676:723 relative or absolute quantification applications 676:723 This method is adaptable for characterizing anything from purified glycoproteins to mixtures of glycoforms, for relative or absolute quantification applications, and even for the analysis of complex biomaterials. 25925863 5 39 theme N- 1048:1049 arg1 characterization 1028:1043 characterization 1028:1043 characterization of N- and O-linked glycoprotein standards, mixtures 1028:1095 This work illustrates an original approach for characterization of N- and O-linked glycoprotein standards, mixtures, and for complex biological materials such as a total yeast extract. 25925863 2 40 theme underivatized 380:392 arg1 monosaccharides 394:408 underivatized monosaccharides 380:408 underivatized monosaccharides following hydrolysis from N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS) 380:561 A simple and sensitive method is presented for characterizing underivatized monosaccharides following hydrolysis from N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS). 25925863 2 41 from glycoproteins 452:464 arg1 hydrolysis 420:429 hydrolysis 420:429 hydrolysis from N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS) 420:561 A simple and sensitive method is presented for characterizing underivatized monosaccharides following hydrolysis from N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS). 25925863 5 42 theme O-linked 1055:1062 arg1 mixtures 1088:1095 mixtures 1088:1095 mixtures 1088:1095 This work illustrates an original approach for characterization of N- and O-linked glycoprotein standards, mixtures, and for complex biological materials such as a total yeast extract. 25925863 5 42 theme O-linked 1055:1062 arg1 standards 1077:1085 O-linked glycoprotein standards 1055:1085 O-linked glycoprotein standards 1055:1085 This work illustrates an original approach for characterization of N- and O-linked glycoprotein standards, mixtures, and for complex biological materials such as a total yeast extract. 25925863 5 43 theme biological 1114:1123 arg1 materials 1125:1133 complex biological materials 1106:1133 complex biological materials such as a total yeast extract 1106:1163 This work illustrates an original approach for characterization of N- and O-linked glycoprotein standards, mixtures, and for complex biological materials such as a total yeast extract. 25925863 5 43 theme biological 1114:1123 arg1 extract 1157:1163 a total yeast extract 1143:1163 a total yeast extract 1143:1163 This work illustrates an original approach for characterization of N- and O-linked glycoprotein standards, mixtures, and for complex biological materials such as a total yeast extract. 25925863 3 44 theme complex 755:761 arg1 biomaterials 763:774 complex biomaterials 755:774 complex biomaterials 755:774 This method is adaptable for characterizing anything from purified glycoproteins to mixtures of glycoforms, for relative or absolute quantification applications, and even for the analysis of complex biomaterials. 25925863 0 45 gly glycoproteins 46:58 arg1 glycoproteins 46:58 glycoproteins 46:58 glycoproteins 46:58 Separation of monosaccharides hydrolyzed from glycoproteins without the need for derivatization. 25925863 4 46 theme HILIC 815:819 arg1 chromatography 821:834 HILIC chromatography 815:834 HILIC chromatography 815:834 Use of an amide stationary phase with HILIC chromatography is demonstrated to retain the highly polar, underivatized monosaccharides and to resolve stereoisomers and potentially interfering contaminants. 25925863 3 47 theme biomaterials 763:774 arg1 analysis 743:750 the analysis 739:750 the analysis of complex biomaterials 739:774 This method is adaptable for characterizing anything from purified glycoproteins to mixtures of glycoforms, for relative or absolute quantification applications, and even for the analysis of complex biomaterials. 25925863 2 48 theme N- 436:437 arg1 glycoproteins 452:464 N- and O-linked glycoproteins 436:464 N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS) 436:561 A simple and sensitive method is presented for characterizing underivatized monosaccharides following hydrolysis from N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS). 25925863 4 49 dep polar 873:877 arg1 underivatized 880:892 underivatized 880:892 underivatized 880:892 Use of an amide stationary phase with HILIC chromatography is demonstrated to retain the highly polar, underivatized monosaccharides and to resolve stereoisomers and potentially interfering contaminants. 25616447 10 0 from LCPUFAs 1498:1504 arg1 high 1486:1489 high 1486:1489 high 1486:1489 We conclude that diets high in n-3 LCPUFAs may elicit similar B-cell phenotypes but different organizational and functional outcomes. 25616447 4 1 theme fatty 498:502 arg1 composition 509:519 the fatty acid composition 494:519 the fatty acid composition of B-cell phospholipids 494:543 We evaluated the fatty acid composition of B-cell phospholipids, membrane microdomain organization, ex vivo B-cell functionality and in vivo B-cell subsets. 25616447 5 2 dep and 701:703 arg1 r>0.85 693:698 r>0.85 693:698 r>0.85 693:698 Red blood cells and B cells were found to be strongly (r>0.85) and significantly (P<.001) correlated for major n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). 25616447 5 2 dep and 701:703 arg1 P<.001 720:725 P<.001 720:725 P<.001 720:725 Red blood cells and B cells were found to be strongly (r>0.85) and significantly (P<.001) correlated for major n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). 25616447 7 3 theme CD40 983:986 arg1 expression 988:997 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression 960:997 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression 960:997 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 0 4 theme Marine 0:5 arg1 oils 12:15 Marine fish oils 0:15 Marine fish oils 0:15 Marine fish oils are not equivalent with respect to B-cell membrane organization and activation. 25616447 1 5 theme oil 166:168 arg1 feeding 176:182 docosahexaenoic-acid (DHA)-enriched fish oil (DFO) feeding 125:182 docosahexaenoic-acid (DHA)-enriched fish oil (DFO) feeding 125:182 We previously reported that docosahexaenoic-acid (DHA)-enriched fish oil (DFO) feeding altered B-cell membrane organization and enhanced B-cell function. 25616447 1 6 theme DFO 171:173 arg1 feeding 176:182 docosahexaenoic-acid (DHA)-enriched fish oil (DFO) feeding 125:182 docosahexaenoic-acid (DHA)-enriched fish oil (DFO) feeding 125:182 We previously reported that docosahexaenoic-acid (DHA)-enriched fish oil (DFO) feeding altered B-cell membrane organization and enhanced B-cell function. 25616447 4 7 theme microdomain 555:565 arg1 organization 567:578 membrane microdomain organization 546:578 membrane microdomain organization 546:578 We evaluated the fatty acid composition of B-cell phospholipids, membrane microdomain organization, ex vivo B-cell functionality and in vivo B-cell subsets. 25616447 7 8 dep production 1152:1161 arg1 times 1121:1125 times 1121:1125 times 1121:1125 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 8 9 theme 1.11 1283:1286 arg1 times 1288:1292 times 1288:1292 times 1288:1292 By 90min of incubation, MO had 1.11 times higher antigen uptake compared to CON, whereas EFO was 0.86 times lower. 25616447 5 10 theme blood 642:646 arg1 cells 648:652 Red blood cells 638:652 Red blood cells 638:652 Red blood cells and B cells were found to be strongly (r>0.85) and significantly (P<.001) correlated for major n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). 25616447 1 11 theme B-cell 192:197 arg1 organization 208:219 B-cell membrane organization 192:219 B-cell membrane organization 192:219 We previously reported that docosahexaenoic-acid (DHA)-enriched fish oil (DFO) feeding altered B-cell membrane organization and enhanced B-cell function. 25616447 7 12 theme higher 1230:1235 arg1 IL-6 1237:1240 1.5 times higher IL-6 1220:1240 1.5 times higher IL-6 1220:1240 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 6 13 dep resulted 839:846 arg1 whereas 898:904 whereas 898:904 whereas 898:904 Compared to CON, MO and DFO resulted in decreased clustering of membrane microdomains, whereas EFO increased clustering. 25616447 4 14 theme in 614:615 arg1 subsets 629:635 in vivo B-cell subsets 614:635 in vivo B-cell subsets 614:635 We evaluated the fatty acid composition of B-cell phospholipids, membrane microdomain organization, ex vivo B-cell functionality and in vivo B-cell subsets. 25616447 5 15 theme fatty 788:792 arg1 acids 794:798 n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids 757:798 n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) 757:808 Red blood cells and B cells were found to be strongly (r>0.85) and significantly (P<.001) correlated for major n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). 25616447 5 15 theme fatty 788:792 arg1 LCPUFAs 801:807 LCPUFAs 801:807 LCPUFAs 801:807 Red blood cells and B cells were found to be strongly (r>0.85) and significantly (P<.001) correlated for major n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). 25616447 6 16 theme microdomains 884:895 arg1 clustering 861:870 decreased clustering 851:870 decreased clustering of membrane microdomains 851:895 Compared to CON, MO and DFO resulted in decreased clustering of membrane microdomains, whereas EFO increased clustering. 25616447 4 17 theme B-cell 622:627 arg1 subsets 629:635 in vivo B-cell subsets 614:635 in vivo B-cell subsets 614:635 We evaluated the fatty acid composition of B-cell phospholipids, membrane microdomain organization, ex vivo B-cell functionality and in vivo B-cell subsets. 25616447 0 18 theme membrane 59:66 arg1 organization 68:79 B-cell membrane organization 52:79 B-cell membrane organization 52:79 Marine fish oils are not equivalent with respect to B-cell membrane organization and activation. 25616447 1 19 theme -enriched 151:159 arg1 feeding 176:182 docosahexaenoic-acid (DHA)-enriched fish oil (DFO) feeding 125:182 docosahexaenoic-acid (DHA)-enriched fish oil (DFO) feeding 125:182 We previously reported that docosahexaenoic-acid (DHA)-enriched fish oil (DFO) feeding altered B-cell membrane organization and enhanced B-cell function. 25616447 9 20 theme fish 1371:1374 arg1 oil 1376:1378 fish oil 1371:1378 All fish oil treatments 1367:1389 All fish oil treatments resulted in decreasingly mature splenic and bone marrow B-cell subsets. 25616447 7 21 from MO 1213:1214 arg1 interferon-γ 1195:1206 3.25 times higher interferon-γ 1177:1206 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO 1177:1249 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 6 22 theme decreased 851:859 arg1 clustering 861:870 decreased clustering 851:870 decreased clustering of membrane microdomains 851:895 Compared to CON, MO and DFO resulted in decreased clustering of membrane microdomains, whereas EFO increased clustering. 25616447 8 23 theme 0.86 1349:1352 arg1 times 1354:1358 times 1354:1358 times 1354:1358 By 90min of incubation, MO had 1.11 times higher antigen uptake compared to CON, whereas EFO was 0.86 times lower. 25616447 10 24 theme high 1486:1489 arg1 diets 1480:1484 diets 1480:1484 diets high in n-3 LCPUFAs 1480:1504 We conclude that diets high in n-3 LCPUFAs may elicit similar B-cell phenotypes but different organizational and functional outcomes. 25616447 7 25 theme complex 1085:1091 arg1 class 1093:1097 major histocompatibility complex class II 1060:1100 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression 1043:1111 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 0 26 theme B-cell 52:57 arg1 organization 68:79 B-cell membrane organization 52:79 B-cell membrane organization 52:79 Marine fish oils are not equivalent with respect to B-cell membrane organization and activation. 25616447 5 27 theme Red 638:640 arg1 cells 648:652 Red blood cells 638:652 Red blood cells 638:652 Red blood cells and B cells were found to be strongly (r>0.85) and significantly (P<.001) correlated for major n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). 25616447 7 28 theme major 1060:1064 arg1 class 1093:1097 major histocompatibility complex class II 1060:1100 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression 1043:1111 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 7 29 theme higher 1188:1193 arg1 interferon-γ 1195:1206 3.25 times higher interferon-γ 1177:1206 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO 1177:1249 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 2 30 theme B-cell 382:387 arg1 function/phenotype 389:406 B-cell function/phenotype 382:406 B-cell function/phenotype 382:406 The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether menhaden oil (MO) and eicosapentaenoic-acid (EPA)-enriched fish oil (EFO) alters B-cell function/phenotype similarly. 25616447 7 31 dep expression 1102:1111 arg1 times 1048:1052 times 1048:1052 times 1048:1052 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 9 32 theme mature 1416:1421 arg1 subsets 1454:1460 decreasingly mature splenic and bone marrow B-cell subsets 1403:1460 decreasingly mature splenic and bone marrow B-cell subsets 1403:1460 All fish oil treatments resulted in decreasingly mature splenic and bone marrow B-cell subsets. 25616447 11 33 theme specific 1758:1765 arg1 LCPUFAs 1771:1777 specific n-3 LCPUFAs 1758:1777 specific n-3 LCPUFAs 1758:1777 More specifically, these data suggest that the EPA and DHA content of a diet influences immunological outcomes, highlighting the importance of understanding how specific n-3 LCPUFAs modulate B-cell development and function. 25616447 10 34 theme n-3 1494:1496 arg1 LCPUFAs 1498:1504 n-3 LCPUFAs 1494:1504 n-3 LCPUFAs 1494:1504 We conclude that diets high in n-3 LCPUFAs may elicit similar B-cell phenotypes but different organizational and functional outcomes. 25616447 7 35 from EFO 1168:1170 arg1 production 1152:1161 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production 1117:1161 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO 1117:1170 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 7 35 from EFO 1168:1170 arg1 expression 1102:1111 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression 1043:1111 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression 1043:1111 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 8 36 dep times 1288:1292 arg1 higher 1294:1299 higher 1294:1299 higher 1294:1299 By 90min of incubation, MO had 1.11 times higher antigen uptake compared to CON, whereas EFO was 0.86 times lower. 25616447 9 37 theme marrow 1440:1445 arg1 subsets 1454:1460 decreasingly mature splenic and bone marrow B-cell subsets 1403:1460 decreasingly mature splenic and bone marrow B-cell subsets 1403:1460 All fish oil treatments resulted in decreasingly mature splenic and bone marrow B-cell subsets. 25616447 10 38 from high 1486:1489 arg1 LCPUFAs 1498:1504 n-3 LCPUFAs 1494:1504 n-3 LCPUFAs 1494:1504 We conclude that diets high in n-3 LCPUFAs may elicit similar B-cell phenotypes but different organizational and functional outcomes. 25616447 10 39 theme similar 1517:1523 arg1 phenotypes 1532:1541 similar B-cell phenotypes 1517:1541 similar B-cell phenotypes 1517:1541 We conclude that diets high in n-3 LCPUFAs may elicit similar B-cell phenotypes but different organizational and functional outcomes. 25616447 1 40 theme membrane 199:206 arg1 organization 208:219 B-cell membrane organization 192:219 B-cell membrane organization 192:219 We previously reported that docosahexaenoic-acid (DHA)-enriched fish oil (DFO) feeding altered B-cell membrane organization and enhanced B-cell function. 25616447 10 41 theme functional 1576:1585 arg1 outcomes 1587:1594 different organizational and functional outcomes 1547:1594 different organizational and functional outcomes 1547:1594 We conclude that diets high in n-3 LCPUFAs may elicit similar B-cell phenotypes but different organizational and functional outcomes. 25616447 8 42 dep times 1354:1358 arg1 lower 1360:1364 lower 1360:1364 lower 1360:1364 By 90min of incubation, MO had 1.11 times higher antigen uptake compared to CON, whereas EFO was 0.86 times lower. 25616447 7 43 theme histocompatibility 1066:1083 arg1 class 1093:1097 major histocompatibility complex class II 1060:1100 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression 1043:1111 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 4 44 dep ex 581:582 arg1 vivo 584:587 vivo 584:587 vivo 584:587 We evaluated the fatty acid composition of B-cell phospholipids, membrane microdomain organization, ex vivo B-cell functionality and in vivo B-cell subsets. 25616447 7 45 theme IL 1146:1147 arg1 production 1152:1161 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production 1117:1161 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO 1117:1170 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 4 46 theme phospholipids 531:543 arg1 organization 567:578 membrane microdomain organization 546:578 membrane microdomain organization 546:578 We evaluated the fatty acid composition of B-cell phospholipids, membrane microdomain organization, ex vivo B-cell functionality and in vivo B-cell subsets. 25616447 4 46 theme phospholipids 531:543 arg1 composition 509:519 the fatty acid composition 494:519 the fatty acid composition of B-cell phospholipids 494:543 We evaluated the fatty acid composition of B-cell phospholipids, membrane microdomain organization, ex vivo B-cell functionality and in vivo B-cell subsets. 25616447 4 46 theme phospholipids 531:543 arg1 subsets 629:635 in vivo B-cell subsets 614:635 in vivo B-cell subsets 614:635 We evaluated the fatty acid composition of B-cell phospholipids, membrane microdomain organization, ex vivo B-cell functionality and in vivo B-cell subsets. 25616447 4 46 theme phospholipids 531:543 arg1 functionality 596:608 ex vivo B-cell functionality 581:608 ex vivo B-cell functionality 581:608 We evaluated the fatty acid composition of B-cell phospholipids, membrane microdomain organization, ex vivo B-cell functionality and in vivo B-cell subsets. 25616447 10 47 theme different 1547:1555 arg1 outcomes 1587:1594 different organizational and functional outcomes 1547:1594 different organizational and functional outcomes 1547:1594 We conclude that diets high in n-3 LCPUFAs may elicit similar B-cell phenotypes but different organizational and functional outcomes. 25616447 1 48 theme B-cell 234:239 arg1 function 241:248 B-cell function 234:248 B-cell function 234:248 We previously reported that docosahexaenoic-acid (DHA)-enriched fish oil (DFO) feeding altered B-cell membrane organization and enhanced B-cell function. 25616447 7 49 theme interleukin 1133:1143 arg1 IL 1146:1147 interleukin (IL)-6 1133:1150 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO 1117:1170 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 2 50 theme study 271:275 arg1 purpose 255:261 The purpose 251:261 The purpose of this study 251:275 The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether menhaden oil (MO) and eicosapentaenoic-acid (EPA)-enriched fish oil (EFO) alters B-cell function/phenotype similarly. 25616447 4 51 theme acid 504:507 arg1 composition 509:519 the fatty acid composition 494:519 the fatty acid composition of B-cell phospholipids 494:543 We evaluated the fatty acid composition of B-cell phospholipids, membrane microdomain organization, ex vivo B-cell functionality and in vivo B-cell subsets. 25616447 7 52 theme higher 976:981 arg1 expression 988:997 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression 960:997 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression 960:997 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 1 53 theme fish 161:164 arg1 feeding 176:182 docosahexaenoic-acid (DHA)-enriched fish oil (DFO) feeding 125:182 docosahexaenoic-acid (DHA)-enriched fish oil (DFO) feeding 125:182 We previously reported that docosahexaenoic-acid (DHA)-enriched fish oil (DFO) feeding altered B-cell membrane organization and enhanced B-cell function. 25616447 4 54 theme ex 581:582 arg1 functionality 596:608 ex vivo B-cell functionality 581:608 ex vivo B-cell functionality 581:608 We evaluated the fatty acid composition of B-cell phospholipids, membrane microdomain organization, ex vivo B-cell functionality and in vivo B-cell subsets. 25616447 4 55 theme B-cell 589:594 arg1 functionality 596:608 ex vivo B-cell functionality 581:608 ex vivo B-cell functionality 581:608 We evaluated the fatty acid composition of B-cell phospholipids, membrane microdomain organization, ex vivo B-cell functionality and in vivo B-cell subsets. 25616447 11 56 theme EPA 1644:1646 arg1 content 1656:1662 the EPA and DHA content 1640:1662 the EPA and DHA content of a diet 1640:1672 More specifically, these data suggest that the EPA and DHA content of a diet influences immunological outcomes, highlighting the importance of understanding how specific n-3 LCPUFAs modulate B-cell development and function. 25616447 4 57 theme membrane 546:553 arg1 organization 567:578 membrane microdomain organization 546:578 membrane microdomain organization 546:578 We evaluated the fatty acid composition of B-cell phospholipids, membrane microdomain organization, ex vivo B-cell functionality and in vivo B-cell subsets. 25616447 11 58 theme immunological 1685:1697 arg1 outcomes 1699:1706 immunological outcomes 1685:1706 immunological outcomes 1685:1706 More specifically, these data suggest that the EPA and DHA content of a diet influences immunological outcomes, highlighting the importance of understanding how specific n-3 LCPUFAs modulate B-cell development and function. 25616447 7 59 theme fish 936:939 arg1 oil 941:943 fish oil 936:943 All fish oil treatments 932:954 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 5 60 theme long-chain 761:770 arg1 acids 794:798 n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids 757:798 n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) 757:808 Red blood cells and B cells were found to be strongly (r>0.85) and significantly (P<.001) correlated for major n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). 25616447 5 60 theme long-chain 761:770 arg1 LCPUFAs 801:807 LCPUFAs 801:807 LCPUFAs 801:807 Red blood cells and B cells were found to be strongly (r>0.85) and significantly (P<.001) correlated for major n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). 25616447 8 61 theme antigen 1301:1307 arg1 uptake 1309:1314 1.11 times higher antigen uptake 1283:1314 1.11 times higher antigen uptake 1283:1314 By 90min of incubation, MO had 1.11 times higher antigen uptake compared to CON, whereas EFO was 0.86 times lower. 25616447 11 62 theme B-cell 1788:1793 arg1 development 1795:1805 B-cell development 1788:1805 B-cell development 1788:1805 More specifically, these data suggest that the EPA and DHA content of a diet influences immunological outcomes, highlighting the importance of understanding how specific n-3 LCPUFAs modulate B-cell development and function. 25616447 11 63 theme DHA 1652:1654 arg1 content 1656:1662 the EPA and DHA content 1640:1662 the EPA and DHA content of a diet 1640:1672 More specifically, these data suggest that the EPA and DHA content of a diet influences immunological outcomes, highlighting the importance of understanding how specific n-3 LCPUFAs modulate B-cell development and function. 25616447 7 64 theme 0.7 1117:1119 arg1 times 1121:1125 times 1121:1125 times 1121:1125 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 5 65 theme polyunsaturated 772:786 arg1 acids 794:798 n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids 757:798 n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) 757:808 Red blood cells and B cells were found to be strongly (r>0.85) and significantly (P<.001) correlated for major n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). 25616447 5 65 theme polyunsaturated 772:786 arg1 LCPUFAs 801:807 LCPUFAs 801:807 LCPUFAs 801:807 Red blood cells and B cells were found to be strongly (r>0.85) and significantly (P<.001) correlated for major n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). 25616447 6 66 theme membrane 875:882 arg1 microdomains 884:895 membrane microdomains 875:895 membrane microdomains 875:895 Compared to CON, MO and DFO resulted in decreased clustering of membrane microdomains, whereas EFO increased clustering. 25616447 7 67 dep times 1048:1052 arg1 lower 1054:1058 lower 1054:1058 lower 1054:1058 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 7 68 theme class 1093:1097 arg1 expression 1102:1111 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression 1043:1111 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression 1043:1111 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 3 69 dep control 433:439 arg1 diets 463:467 diets 463:467 diets 463:467 Mice were fed control (CON), MO, EFO or DFO diets for 5weeks. 25616447 11 70 theme diet 1669:1672 arg1 content 1656:1662 the EPA and DHA content 1640:1662 the EPA and DHA content of a diet 1640:1672 More specifically, these data suggest that the EPA and DHA content of a diet influences immunological outcomes, highlighting the importance of understanding how specific n-3 LCPUFAs modulate B-cell development and function. 25616447 5 71 theme B 658:658 arg1 cells 660:664 B cells 658:664 B cells 658:664 Red blood cells and B cells were found to be strongly (r>0.85) and significantly (P<.001) correlated for major n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). 25616447 9 72 theme oil 1376:1378 arg1 treatments 1380:1389 All fish oil treatments 1367:1389 All fish oil treatments 1367:1389 All fish oil treatments resulted in decreasingly mature splenic and bone marrow B-cell subsets. 25616447 2 73 theme -enriched 350:358 arg1 EFO 370:372 EFO 370:372 EFO 370:372 The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether menhaden oil (MO) and eicosapentaenoic-acid (EPA)-enriched fish oil (EFO) alters B-cell function/phenotype similarly. 25616447 2 73 theme -enriched 350:358 arg1 oil 365:367 eicosapentaenoic-acid (EPA)-enriched fish oil 323:367 eicosapentaenoic-acid (EPA)-enriched fish oil (EFO) 323:373 The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether menhaden oil (MO) and eicosapentaenoic-acid (EPA)-enriched fish oil (EFO) alters B-cell function/phenotype similarly. 25616447 0 74 theme fish 7:10 arg1 oils 12:15 Marine fish oils 0:15 Marine fish oils 0:15 Marine fish oils are not equivalent with respect to B-cell membrane organization and activation. 25616447 8 75 contain had 1279:1281 arg1 MO 1276:1277 MO 1276:1277 MO 1276:1277 By 90min of incubation, MO had 1.11 times higher antigen uptake compared to CON, whereas EFO was 0.86 times lower. 25616447 8 75 contain had 1279:1281 arg2 uptake 1309:1314 1.11 times higher antigen uptake 1283:1314 1.11 times higher antigen uptake 1283:1314 By 90min of incubation, MO had 1.11 times higher antigen uptake compared to CON, whereas EFO was 0.86 times lower. 25616447 7 76 theme 0.86 1043:1046 arg1 times 1048:1052 times 1048:1052 times 1048:1052 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 7 77 from IL-6 1237:1240 arg1 interferon-γ 1195:1206 3.25 times higher interferon-γ 1177:1206 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO 1177:1249 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 4 78 dep in 614:615 arg1 vivo 617:620 vivo 617:620 vivo 617:620 We evaluated the fatty acid composition of B-cell phospholipids, membrane microdomain organization, ex vivo B-cell functionality and in vivo B-cell subsets. 25616447 7 79 contain had 956:958 arg1 treatments 945:954 All fish oil treatments 932:954 All fish oil treatments 932:954 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 7 79 contain had 956:958 arg2 expression 988:997 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression 960:997 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression 960:997 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 8 80 dep uptake 1309:1314 arg1 times 1288:1292 times 1288:1292 times 1288:1292 By 90min of incubation, MO had 1.11 times higher antigen uptake compared to CON, whereas EFO was 0.86 times lower. 25616447 9 81 theme splenic 1423:1429 arg1 subsets 1454:1460 decreasingly mature splenic and bone marrow B-cell subsets 1403:1460 decreasingly mature splenic and bone marrow B-cell subsets 1403:1460 All fish oil treatments resulted in decreasingly mature splenic and bone marrow B-cell subsets. 25616447 7 82 from DFO 1247:1249 arg1 interferon-γ 1195:1206 3.25 times higher interferon-γ 1177:1206 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO 1177:1249 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 2 83 theme fish 360:363 arg1 EFO 370:372 EFO 370:372 EFO 370:372 The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether menhaden oil (MO) and eicosapentaenoic-acid (EPA)-enriched fish oil (EFO) alters B-cell function/phenotype similarly. 25616447 2 83 theme fish 360:363 arg1 oil 365:367 eicosapentaenoic-acid (EPA)-enriched fish oil 323:367 eicosapentaenoic-acid (EPA)-enriched fish oil (EFO) 323:373 The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether menhaden oil (MO) and eicosapentaenoic-acid (EPA)-enriched fish oil (EFO) alters B-cell function/phenotype similarly. 25616447 7 84 dep times 1121:1125 arg1 lower 1127:1131 lower 1127:1131 lower 1127:1131 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 11 85 theme n-3 1767:1769 arg1 LCPUFAs 1771:1777 specific n-3 LCPUFAs 1758:1777 specific n-3 LCPUFAs 1758:1777 More specifically, these data suggest that the EPA and DHA content of a diet influences immunological outcomes, highlighting the importance of understanding how specific n-3 LCPUFAs modulate B-cell development and function. 25616447 9 86 theme bone 1435:1438 arg1 marrow 1440:1445 bone marrow 1435:1445 bone marrow 1435:1445 All fish oil treatments resulted in decreasingly mature splenic and bone marrow B-cell subsets. 25616447 7 87 theme oil 941:943 arg1 treatments 945:954 All fish oil treatments 932:954 All fish oil treatments 932:954 All fish oil treatments had 1.12-1.60 times higher CD40 expression following stimulation; however, we observed 0.86 times lower major histocompatibility complex class II expression and 0.7 times lower interleukin (IL)-6 production from EFO, but 3.25 times higher interferon-γ from MO and 1.5 times higher IL-6 from DFO. 25616447 10 88 theme B-cell 1525:1530 arg1 phenotypes 1532:1541 similar B-cell phenotypes 1517:1541 similar B-cell phenotypes 1517:1541 We conclude that diets high in n-3 LCPUFAs may elicit similar B-cell phenotypes but different organizational and functional outcomes. 25616447 9 89 theme B-cell 1447:1452 arg1 subsets 1454:1460 decreasingly mature splenic and bone marrow B-cell subsets 1403:1460 decreasingly mature splenic and bone marrow B-cell subsets 1403:1460 All fish oil treatments resulted in decreasingly mature splenic and bone marrow B-cell subsets. 25616447 4 90 theme B-cell 524:529 arg1 phospholipids 531:543 B-cell phospholipids 524:543 B-cell phospholipids 524:543 We evaluated the fatty acid composition of B-cell phospholipids, membrane microdomain organization, ex vivo B-cell functionality and in vivo B-cell subsets. 25616447 8 91 theme incubation 1264:1273 arg1 90min 1255:1259 90min 1255:1259 90min of incubation 1255:1273 By 90min of incubation, MO had 1.11 times higher antigen uptake compared to CON, whereas EFO was 0.86 times lower. 25616447 2 92 theme menhaden 301:308 arg1 MO 315:316 MO 315:316 MO 315:316 The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether menhaden oil (MO) and eicosapentaenoic-acid (EPA)-enriched fish oil (EFO) alters B-cell function/phenotype similarly. 25616447 2 92 theme menhaden 301:308 arg1 oil 310:312 menhaden oil 301:312 menhaden oil (MO) 301:317 The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether menhaden oil (MO) and eicosapentaenoic-acid (EPA)-enriched fish oil (EFO) alters B-cell function/phenotype similarly. 25616447 5 93 theme major 743:747 arg1 n-3 749:751 major n-3 743:751 major n-3 743:751 Red blood cells and B cells were found to be strongly (r>0.85) and significantly (P<.001) correlated for major n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). 25616447 10 94 theme organizational 1557:1570 arg1 outcomes 1587:1594 different organizational and functional outcomes 1547:1594 different organizational and functional outcomes 1547:1594 We conclude that diets high in n-3 LCPUFAs may elicit similar B-cell phenotypes but different organizational and functional outcomes. 26671518 8 0 theme Tg 960:961 arg1 mice 963:966 Tg mice 960:966 RESULTS Tg mice aorta cross-sectional area 952:993 RESULTS Tg mice aorta cross-sectional area was increased before (14%, p = 0.0148), but not after HA digestion (p = 0.3437). 26671518 9 1 dep = 1148:1148 arg1 % 1143:1143 31% 1141:1143 31% 1141:1143 The increase in vessel stiffness (32%, p = 0.0217) and strength (31%, p = 0.0043) in the Tg aorta persisted after HA digestion. 26671518 11 2 theme 40 1369:1370 arg1 % 1371:1371 % 1371:1371 % 1371:1371 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 3 3 theme extracellular 502:514 arg1 ECM 524:526 ECM 524:526 ECM 524:526 We hypothesized that HA accumulation primes the vasculature for atherosclerosis by crosslinking and reorganizing the extracellular matrix (ECM) and by pushing VSMC differentiation towards a less mature phenotype. 26671518 3 3 theme extracellular 502:514 arg1 matrix 516:521 the extracellular matrix 498:521 the extracellular matrix (ECM) 498:527 We hypothesized that HA accumulation primes the vasculature for atherosclerosis by crosslinking and reorganizing the extracellular matrix (ECM) and by pushing VSMC differentiation towards a less mature phenotype. 26671518 10 4 dep increased 1266:1274 arg1 % 1280:1280 175% 1277:1280 175% 1277:1280 Crosslinking of HA by heavy chains from Inter-α-Inhibitor was increased (175%, p = 0.0006). 26671518 8 5 theme aorta 968:972 arg1 area 990:993 aorta cross-sectional area 968:993 RESULTS Tg mice aorta cross-sectional area 952:993 RESULTS Tg mice aorta cross-sectional area was increased before (14%, p = 0.0148), but not after HA digestion (p = 0.3437). 26671518 10 6 theme HA 1220:1221 arg1 Crosslinking 1204:1215 Crosslinking 1204:1215 Crosslinking of HA by heavy chains from Inter-α-Inhibitor 1204:1260 Crosslinking of HA by heavy chains from Inter-α-Inhibitor was increased (175%, p = 0.0006). 26671518 1 7 theme AIMS 129:132 arg1 Hyperglycemia 134:146 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hyperglycemia 114:146 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hyperglycemia 114:146 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hyperglycemia induces hyaluronan (HA) accumulation in the vasculature. 26671518 2 8 from atherosclerosis 348:362 arg1 mice 379:382 ApoE(-)/(-) mice 367:382 ApoE(-)/(-) mice 367:382 Excessive accumulation of HA around the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) results in increased aortic stiffness and strength and accelerated atherosclerosis in ApoE(-)/(-) mice. 26671518 11 9 theme α-smooth 1385:1392 arg1 actin 1401:1405 α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) 1385:1429 α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) 1385:1429 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 4 10 from mice 640:643 arg1 Aortas 606:611 METHODS Aortas 598:611 METHODS Aortas from HAS-2 transgenic (Tg) mice and wild type mice 598:662 METHODS Aortas from HAS-2 transgenic (Tg) mice and wild type mice were used for all experiments. 26671518 4 11 theme wild 649:652 arg1 mice 659:662 wild type mice 649:662 wild type mice 649:662 METHODS Aortas from HAS-2 transgenic (Tg) mice and wild type mice were used for all experiments. 26671518 11 12 theme Tg 1544:1545 arg1 VSMCs 1547:1551 cultured Tg VSMCs 1535:1551 cultured Tg VSMCs 1535:1551 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 4 13 theme transgenic 624:633 arg1 mice 640:643 HAS-2 transgenic (Tg) mice 618:643 HAS-2 transgenic (Tg) mice 618:643 METHODS Aortas from HAS-2 transgenic (Tg) mice and wild type mice were used for all experiments. 26671518 2 14 theme ApoE 367:370 arg1 mice 379:382 ApoE(-)/(-) mice 367:382 ApoE(-)/(-) mice 367:382 Excessive accumulation of HA around the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) results in increased aortic stiffness and strength and accelerated atherosclerosis in ApoE(-)/(-) mice. 26671518 4 15 from mice 659:662 arg1 Aortas 606:611 METHODS Aortas 598:611 METHODS Aortas from HAS-2 transgenic (Tg) mice and wild type mice 598:662 METHODS Aortas from HAS-2 transgenic (Tg) mice and wild type mice were used for all experiments. 26671518 4 16 theme Tg 636:637 arg1 mice 640:643 HAS-2 transgenic (Tg) mice 618:643 HAS-2 transgenic (Tg) mice 618:643 METHODS Aortas from HAS-2 transgenic (Tg) mice and wild type mice were used for all experiments. 26671518 2 17 theme vascular 245:252 arg1 cells 268:272 the vascular smooth muscle cells 241:272 the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) 241:279 Excessive accumulation of HA around the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) results in increased aortic stiffness and strength and accelerated atherosclerosis in ApoE(-)/(-) mice. 26671518 2 17 theme vascular 245:252 arg1 VSMC 275:278 VSMC 275:278 VSMC 275:278 Excessive accumulation of HA around the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) results in increased aortic stiffness and strength and accelerated atherosclerosis in ApoE(-)/(-) mice. 26671518 13 18 theme leucocyte 1838:1846 arg1 accumulation 1848:1859 cholesterol and leucocyte accumulation 1822:1859 accumulation 1848:1859 These findings may provide a mechanism for how hyperglycemia through HA accumulation prime the vascular wall for cholesterol and leucocyte accumulation and development of atherosclerosis. 26671518 11 19 theme % 1517:1517 arg1 0.0010 1524:1529 133%, p = 0.0010 1514:1529 0.0010 1524:1529 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 11 19 theme % 1517:1517 arg1 production 1502:1511 osteoprotegerin production 1486:1511 osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) 1486:1530 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 1 20 theme hyaluronan 156:165 arg1 accumulation 172:183 hyaluronan (HA) accumulation 156:183 hyaluronan (HA) accumulation 156:183 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hyperglycemia induces hyaluronan (HA) accumulation in the vasculature. 26671518 12 21 from shift 1666:1670 arg1 VSMC 1675:1678 VSMC 1675:1678 VSMC phenotype and proliferation 1675:1706 CONCLUSIONS Our results show that induced HA accumulation is followed by increased HA crosslinking and create a shift in VSMC phenotype and proliferation. 26671518 12 21 from shift 1666:1670 arg1 proliferation 1694:1706 proliferation 1694:1706 proliferation 1694:1706 CONCLUSIONS Our results show that induced HA accumulation is followed by increased HA crosslinking and create a shift in VSMC phenotype and proliferation. 26671518 12 21 from shift 1666:1670 arg1 phenotype 1680:1688 phenotype 1680:1688 phenotype 1680:1688 CONCLUSIONS Our results show that induced HA accumulation is followed by increased HA crosslinking and create a shift in VSMC phenotype and proliferation. 26671518 2 22 theme muscle 261:266 arg1 cells 268:272 the vascular smooth muscle cells 241:272 the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) 241:279 Excessive accumulation of HA around the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) results in increased aortic stiffness and strength and accelerated atherosclerosis in ApoE(-)/(-) mice. 26671518 2 22 theme muscle 261:266 arg1 VSMC 275:278 VSMC 275:278 VSMC 275:278 Excessive accumulation of HA around the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) results in increased aortic stiffness and strength and accelerated atherosclerosis in ApoE(-)/(-) mice. 26671518 2 23 from stiffness 309:317 arg1 mice 379:382 ApoE(-)/(-) mice 367:382 ApoE(-)/(-) mice 367:382 Excessive accumulation of HA around the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) results in increased aortic stiffness and strength and accelerated atherosclerosis in ApoE(-)/(-) mice. 26671518 13 24 theme cholesterol 1822:1832 arg1 accumulation 1848:1859 cholesterol and leucocyte accumulation 1822:1859 accumulation 1848:1859 These findings may provide a mechanism for how hyperglycemia through HA accumulation prime the vascular wall for cholesterol and leucocyte accumulation and development of atherosclerosis. 26671518 2 25 from strength 323:330 arg1 mice 379:382 ApoE(-)/(-) mice 367:382 ApoE(-)/(-) mice 367:382 Excessive accumulation of HA around the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) results in increased aortic stiffness and strength and accelerated atherosclerosis in ApoE(-)/(-) mice. 26671518 10 26 theme = 1285:1285 arg1 p 1283:1283 p 1283:1283 p = 0.0006 1283:1292 Crosslinking of HA by heavy chains from Inter-α-Inhibitor was increased (175%, p = 0.0006). 26671518 11 27 theme synthetic 1334:1342 arg1 phenotype 1344:1352 a synthetic phenotype 1332:1352 a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs 1332:1551 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 11 28 theme p 1520:1520 arg1 0.0010 1524:1529 133%, p = 0.0010 1514:1529 0.0010 1524:1529 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 11 28 theme p 1520:1520 arg1 production 1502:1511 osteoprotegerin production 1486:1511 osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) 1486:1530 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 3 29 dep crosslinking 468:479 arg1 ECM 524:526 ECM 524:526 ECM 524:526 We hypothesized that HA accumulation primes the vasculature for atherosclerosis by crosslinking and reorganizing the extracellular matrix (ECM) and by pushing VSMC differentiation towards a less mature phenotype. 26671518 3 29 dep crosslinking 468:479 arg1 matrix 516:521 the extracellular matrix 498:521 the extracellular matrix (ECM) 498:527 We hypothesized that HA accumulation primes the vasculature for atherosclerosis by crosslinking and reorganizing the extracellular matrix (ECM) and by pushing VSMC differentiation towards a less mature phenotype. 26671518 5 30 theme area 728:731 arg1 measurements 733:744 Biomechanics and cross-sectional area measurements 695:744 Biomechanics and cross-sectional area measurements 695:744 Biomechanics and cross-sectional area measurements were performed before and after HA digestion. 26671518 12 31 theme increased 1627:1635 arg1 crosslinking 1640:1651 increased HA crosslinking 1627:1651 increased HA crosslinking 1627:1651 CONCLUSIONS Our results show that induced HA accumulation is followed by increased HA crosslinking and create a shift in VSMC phenotype and proliferation. 26671518 7 32 theme thymidine 927:935 arg1 incorporation 937:949 thymidine incorporation 927:949 thymidine incorporation 927:949 Primary VSMC cultures were examined by qPCR and thymidine incorporation. 26671518 3 33 theme VSMC 544:547 arg1 differentiation 549:563 VSMC differentiation 544:563 VSMC differentiation towards a less mature phenotype 544:595 We hypothesized that HA accumulation primes the vasculature for atherosclerosis by crosslinking and reorganizing the extracellular matrix (ECM) and by pushing VSMC differentiation towards a less mature phenotype. 26671518 9 34 dep stiffness 1099:1107 arg1 = 1117:1117 = 1117:1117 = 1117:1117 The increase in vessel stiffness (32%, p = 0.0217) and strength (31%, p = 0.0043) in the Tg aorta persisted after HA digestion. 26671518 6 35 theme electron 858:865 arg1 microscopy 867:876 electron microscopy 858:876 electron microscopy 858:876 The vessel and ECM composition was examined by immunoblotting and electron microscopy. 26671518 0 36 theme matrix 37:42 arg1 remodeling 44:53 extracellular matrix remodeling 23:53 extracellular matrix remodeling 23:53 Mechanisms involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and arterial stiffness induced by hyaluronan accumulation. 26671518 8 37 theme HA 1049:1050 arg1 digestion 1052:1060 HA digestion 1049:1060 HA digestion 1049:1060 RESULTS Tg mice aorta cross-sectional area was increased before (14%, p = 0.0148), but not after HA digestion (p = 0.3437). 26671518 11 38 from increase 1438:1445 arg1 VSMCs 1547:1551 cultured Tg VSMCs 1535:1551 cultured Tg VSMCs 1535:1551 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 11 38 from increase 1438:1445 arg1 production 1502:1511 osteoprotegerin production 1486:1511 osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) 1486:1530 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 11 38 from increase 1438:1445 arg1 0.0010 1524:1529 133%, p = 0.0010 1514:1529 0.0010 1524:1529 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 11 38 from increase 1438:1445 arg1 proliferation 1450:1462 proliferation 1450:1462 proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) 1450:1480 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 11 38 from increase 1438:1445 arg1 actin 1401:1405 α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) 1385:1429 α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) 1385:1429 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 11 38 from increase 1438:1445 arg1 % 1467:1467 63% 1465:1467 63% 1465:1467 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 11 39 theme isoform 1407:1413 arg1 X1 1415:1416 isoform X1 1407:1416 α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) 1385:1429 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 11 39 theme isoform 1407:1413 arg1 p 1419:1419 p = 0.0296 1419:1428 p = 0.0296 1419:1428 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 2 40 theme accelerated 336:346 arg1 atherosclerosis 348:362 accelerated atherosclerosis 336:362 accelerated atherosclerosis in ApoE(-)/(-) mice 336:382 Excessive accumulation of HA around the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) results in increased aortic stiffness and strength and accelerated atherosclerosis in ApoE(-)/(-) mice. 26671518 12 41 theme induced 1588:1594 arg1 accumulation 1599:1610 induced HA accumulation 1588:1610 induced HA accumulation 1588:1610 CONCLUSIONS Our results show that induced HA accumulation is followed by increased HA crosslinking and create a shift in VSMC phenotype and proliferation. 26671518 13 42 theme vascular 1804:1811 arg1 wall 1813:1816 the vascular wall 1800:1816 the vascular wall 1800:1816 These findings may provide a mechanism for how hyperglycemia through HA accumulation prime the vascular wall for cholesterol and leucocyte accumulation and development of atherosclerosis. 26671518 2 43 theme Excessive 205:213 arg1 accumulation 215:226 Excessive accumulation 205:226 Excessive accumulation of HA around the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) 205:279 Excessive accumulation of HA around the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) results in increased aortic stiffness and strength and accelerated atherosclerosis in ApoE(-)/(-) mice. 26671518 9 44 theme vessel 1092:1097 arg1 stiffness 1099:1107 vessel stiffness 1092:1107 vessel stiffness (32%, p = 0.0217) 1092:1125 The increase in vessel stiffness (32%, p = 0.0217) and strength (31%, p = 0.0043) in the Tg aorta persisted after HA digestion. 26671518 10 45 dep % 1280:1280 arg1 p 1283:1283 p 1283:1283 p = 0.0006 1283:1292 Crosslinking of HA by heavy chains from Inter-α-Inhibitor was increased (175%, p = 0.0006). 26671518 5 46 theme HA 778:779 arg1 digestion 781:789 HA digestion 778:789 HA digestion 778:789 Biomechanics and cross-sectional area measurements were performed before and after HA digestion. 26671518 11 47 theme = 1421:1421 arg1 X1 1415:1416 isoform X1 1407:1416 α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) 1385:1429 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 11 47 theme = 1421:1421 arg1 p 1419:1419 p = 0.0296 1419:1428 p = 0.0296 1419:1428 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 7 48 theme VSMC 887:890 arg1 cultures 892:899 Primary VSMC cultures 879:899 Primary VSMC cultures 879:899 Primary VSMC cultures were examined by qPCR and thymidine incorporation. 26671518 8 49 theme cross-sectional 974:988 arg1 area 990:993 aorta cross-sectional area 968:993 RESULTS Tg mice aorta cross-sectional area 952:993 RESULTS Tg mice aorta cross-sectional area was increased before (14%, p = 0.0148), but not after HA digestion (p = 0.3437). 26671518 8 50 dep = 1024:1024 arg1 % 1019:1019 14% 1017:1019 14% 1017:1019 RESULTS Tg mice aorta cross-sectional area was increased before (14%, p = 0.0148), but not after HA digestion (p = 0.3437). 26671518 11 51 theme % 1371:1371 arg1 decrease 1373:1380 a 40% decrease 1367:1380 a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) 1367:1429 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 2 52 theme increased 292:300 arg1 stiffness 309:317 increased aortic stiffness 292:317 increased aortic stiffness 292:317 Excessive accumulation of HA around the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) results in increased aortic stiffness and strength and accelerated atherosclerosis in ApoE(-)/(-) mice. 26671518 11 53 dep actin 1401:1405 arg1 X1 1415:1416 isoform X1 1407:1416 α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) 1385:1429 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 11 53 dep actin 1401:1405 arg1 p 1419:1419 p = 0.0296 1419:1428 p = 0.0296 1419:1428 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 11 54 theme muscle 1394:1399 arg1 actin 1401:1405 α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) 1385:1429 α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) 1385:1429 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 2 55 theme HA 231:232 arg1 accumulation 215:226 Excessive accumulation 205:226 Excessive accumulation of HA around the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) 205:279 Excessive accumulation of HA around the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) results in increased aortic stiffness and strength and accelerated atherosclerosis in ApoE(-)/(-) mice. 26671518 9 56 from increase 1080:1087 arg1 strength 1131:1138 strength 1131:1138 strength (31%, p = 0.0043) 1131:1156 The increase in vessel stiffness (32%, p = 0.0217) and strength (31%, p = 0.0043) in the Tg aorta persisted after HA digestion. 26671518 9 56 from increase 1080:1087 arg1 stiffness 1099:1107 vessel stiffness 1092:1107 vessel stiffness (32%, p = 0.0217) 1092:1125 The increase in vessel stiffness (32%, p = 0.0217) and strength (31%, p = 0.0043) in the Tg aorta persisted after HA digestion. 26671518 9 56 from increase 1080:1087 arg1 aorta 1168:1172 the Tg aorta 1161:1172 the Tg aorta 1161:1172 The increase in vessel stiffness (32%, p = 0.0217) and strength (31%, p = 0.0043) in the Tg aorta persisted after HA digestion. 26671518 11 57 theme cultured 1535:1542 arg1 VSMCs 1547:1551 cultured Tg VSMCs 1535:1551 cultured Tg VSMCs 1535:1551 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 9 58 dep = 1117:1117 arg1 % 1112:1112 32% 1110:1112 32% 1110:1112 The increase in vessel stiffness (32%, p = 0.0217) and strength (31%, p = 0.0043) in the Tg aorta persisted after HA digestion. 26671518 3 59 theme mature 580:585 arg1 phenotype 587:595 a less mature phenotype 573:595 a less mature phenotype 573:595 We hypothesized that HA accumulation primes the vasculature for atherosclerosis by crosslinking and reorganizing the extracellular matrix (ECM) and by pushing VSMC differentiation towards a less mature phenotype. 26671518 11 60 from decrease 1373:1380 arg1 VSMCs 1547:1551 cultured Tg VSMCs 1535:1551 cultured Tg VSMCs 1535:1551 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 11 60 from decrease 1373:1380 arg1 production 1502:1511 osteoprotegerin production 1486:1511 osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) 1486:1530 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 11 60 from decrease 1373:1380 arg1 0.0010 1524:1529 133%, p = 0.0010 1514:1529 0.0010 1524:1529 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 11 60 from decrease 1373:1380 arg1 proliferation 1450:1462 proliferation 1450:1462 proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) 1450:1480 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 11 60 from decrease 1373:1380 arg1 actin 1401:1405 α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) 1385:1429 α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) 1385:1429 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 11 60 from decrease 1373:1380 arg1 % 1467:1467 63% 1465:1467 63% 1465:1467 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 13 61 theme HA 1778:1779 arg1 accumulation 1781:1792 HA accumulation 1778:1792 HA accumulation 1778:1792 These findings may provide a mechanism for how hyperglycemia through HA accumulation prime the vascular wall for cholesterol and leucocyte accumulation and development of atherosclerosis. 26671518 8 62 dep RESULTS 952:958 arg1 area 990:993 aorta cross-sectional area 968:993 RESULTS Tg mice aorta cross-sectional area 952:993 RESULTS Tg mice aorta cross-sectional area was increased before (14%, p = 0.0148), but not after HA digestion (p = 0.3437). 26671518 8 62 dep RESULTS 952:958 arg1 mice 963:966 Tg mice 960:966 RESULTS Tg mice aorta cross-sectional area 952:993 RESULTS Tg mice aorta cross-sectional area was increased before (14%, p = 0.0148), but not after HA digestion (p = 0.3437). 26671518 4 63 theme type 654:657 arg1 mice 659:662 wild type mice 649:662 wild type mice 649:662 METHODS Aortas from HAS-2 transgenic (Tg) mice and wild type mice were used for all experiments. 26671518 11 64 theme phenotype 1344:1352 arg1 appearance 1318:1327 the appearance 1314:1327 the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs 1314:1551 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 0 65 theme hyaluronan 89:98 arg1 accumulation 100:111 hyaluronan accumulation 89:111 hyaluronan accumulation 89:111 Mechanisms involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and arterial stiffness induced by hyaluronan accumulation. 26671518 5 66 theme Biomechanics 695:706 arg1 measurements 733:744 Biomechanics and cross-sectional area measurements 695:744 Biomechanics and cross-sectional area measurements 695:744 Biomechanics and cross-sectional area measurements were performed before and after HA digestion. 26671518 9 67 theme Tg 1165:1166 arg1 aorta 1168:1172 the Tg aorta 1161:1172 the Tg aorta 1161:1172 The increase in vessel stiffness (32%, p = 0.0217) and strength (31%, p = 0.0043) in the Tg aorta persisted after HA digestion. 26671518 2 68 theme aortic 302:307 arg1 stiffness 309:317 increased aortic stiffness 292:317 increased aortic stiffness 292:317 Excessive accumulation of HA around the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) results in increased aortic stiffness and strength and accelerated atherosclerosis in ApoE(-)/(-) mice. 26671518 12 69 dep VSMC 1675:1678 arg1 VSMC 1675:1678 VSMC 1675:1678 VSMC phenotype and proliferation 1675:1706 CONCLUSIONS Our results show that induced HA accumulation is followed by increased HA crosslinking and create a shift in VSMC phenotype and proliferation. 26671518 12 69 dep VSMC 1675:1678 arg1 proliferation 1694:1706 proliferation 1694:1706 proliferation 1694:1706 CONCLUSIONS Our results show that induced HA accumulation is followed by increased HA crosslinking and create a shift in VSMC phenotype and proliferation. 26671518 12 69 dep VSMC 1675:1678 arg1 phenotype 1680:1688 phenotype 1680:1688 phenotype 1680:1688 CONCLUSIONS Our results show that induced HA accumulation is followed by increased HA crosslinking and create a shift in VSMC phenotype and proliferation. 26671518 11 70 theme = 1522:1522 arg1 0.0010 1524:1529 133%, p = 0.0010 1514:1529 0.0010 1524:1529 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 11 70 theme = 1522:1522 arg1 production 1502:1511 osteoprotegerin production 1486:1511 osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) 1486:1530 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 5 71 theme cross-sectional 712:726 arg1 area 728:731 cross-sectional area 712:731 cross-sectional area 712:731 Biomechanics and cross-sectional area measurements were performed before and after HA digestion. 26671518 12 72 theme HA 1637:1638 arg1 crosslinking 1640:1651 increased HA crosslinking 1627:1651 increased HA crosslinking 1627:1651 CONCLUSIONS Our results show that induced HA accumulation is followed by increased HA crosslinking and create a shift in VSMC phenotype and proliferation. 26671518 4 73 theme HAS-2 618:622 arg1 mice 640:643 HAS-2 transgenic (Tg) mice 618:643 HAS-2 transgenic (Tg) mice 618:643 METHODS Aortas from HAS-2 transgenic (Tg) mice and wild type mice were used for all experiments. 26671518 8 74 dep before 1009:1014 arg1 = 1024:1024 = 1024:1024 = 1024:1024 RESULTS Tg mice aorta cross-sectional area was increased before (14%, p = 0.0148), but not after HA digestion (p = 0.3437). 26671518 9 75 theme HA 1190:1191 arg1 digestion 1193:1201 HA digestion 1190:1201 HA digestion 1190:1201 The increase in vessel stiffness (32%, p = 0.0217) and strength (31%, p = 0.0043) in the Tg aorta persisted after HA digestion. 26671518 4 76 used used 669:672 arg2 Aortas 606:611 METHODS Aortas 598:611 METHODS Aortas from HAS-2 transgenic (Tg) mice and wild type mice 598:662 METHODS Aortas from HAS-2 transgenic (Tg) mice and wild type mice were used for all experiments. 26671518 11 77 theme Tg 1300:1301 arg1 VSMCs 1303:1307 The Tg VSMCs 1296:1307 The Tg VSMCs 1296:1307 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 3 78 theme HA 406:407 arg1 accumulation 409:420 HA accumulation 406:420 HA accumulation 406:420 We hypothesized that HA accumulation primes the vasculature for atherosclerosis by crosslinking and reorganizing the extracellular matrix (ECM) and by pushing VSMC differentiation towards a less mature phenotype. 26671518 0 79 theme extracellular 23:35 arg1 remodeling 44:53 extracellular matrix remodeling 23:53 extracellular matrix remodeling 23:53 Mechanisms involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and arterial stiffness induced by hyaluronan accumulation. 26671518 13 80 theme atherosclerosis 1880:1894 arg1 development 1865:1875 development 1865:1875 development of atherosclerosis 1865:1894 These findings may provide a mechanism for how hyperglycemia through HA accumulation prime the vascular wall for cholesterol and leucocyte accumulation and development of atherosclerosis. 26671518 13 80 theme atherosclerosis 1880:1894 arg1 accumulation 1848:1859 cholesterol and leucocyte accumulation 1822:1859 accumulation 1848:1859 These findings may provide a mechanism for how hyperglycemia through HA accumulation prime the vascular wall for cholesterol and leucocyte accumulation and development of atherosclerosis. 26671518 1 81 theme BACKGROUND 114:123 arg1 Hyperglycemia 134:146 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hyperglycemia 114:146 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hyperglycemia 114:146 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hyperglycemia induces hyaluronan (HA) accumulation in the vasculature. 26671518 2 82 theme smooth 254:259 arg1 cells 268:272 the vascular smooth muscle cells 241:272 the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) 241:279 Excessive accumulation of HA around the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) results in increased aortic stiffness and strength and accelerated atherosclerosis in ApoE(-)/(-) mice. 26671518 2 82 theme smooth 254:259 arg1 VSMC 275:278 VSMC 275:278 VSMC 275:278 Excessive accumulation of HA around the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) results in increased aortic stiffness and strength and accelerated atherosclerosis in ApoE(-)/(-) mice. 26671518 10 83 theme heavy 1226:1230 arg1 chains 1232:1237 heavy chains 1226:1237 heavy chains from Inter-α-Inhibitor 1226:1260 Crosslinking of HA by heavy chains from Inter-α-Inhibitor was increased (175%, p = 0.0006). 26671518 11 84 theme = 1472:1472 arg1 p 1470:1470 p = 0.0048 1470:1479 p = 0.0048 1470:1479 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 12 85 dep CONCLUSIONS 1554:1564 arg1 show 1578:1581 show 1578:1581 show that induced HA accumulation is followed by increased HA crosslinking 1578:1651 CONCLUSIONS Our results show that induced HA accumulation is followed by increased HA crosslinking and create a shift in VSMC phenotype and proliferation. 26671518 12 85 dep CONCLUSIONS 1554:1564 arg1 create 1657:1662 create 1657:1662 create a shift in VSMC phenotype and proliferation 1657:1706 CONCLUSIONS Our results show that induced HA accumulation is followed by increased HA crosslinking and create a shift in VSMC phenotype and proliferation. 26671518 10 86 dep = 1285:1285 arg1 0.0006 1287:1292 0.0006 1287:1292 0.0006 1287:1292 Crosslinking of HA by heavy chains from Inter-α-Inhibitor was increased (175%, p = 0.0006). 26671518 0 87 theme arterial 59:66 arg1 stiffness 68:76 arterial stiffness 59:76 arterial stiffness 59:76 Mechanisms involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and arterial stiffness induced by hyaluronan accumulation. 26671518 10 88 from Inter-α-Inhibitor 1244:1260 arg1 chains 1232:1237 heavy chains 1226:1237 heavy chains from Inter-α-Inhibitor 1226:1260 Crosslinking of HA by heavy chains from Inter-α-Inhibitor was increased (175%, p = 0.0006). 26671518 11 89 theme osteoprotegerin 1486:1500 arg1 0.0010 1524:1529 133%, p = 0.0010 1514:1529 0.0010 1524:1529 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 11 89 theme osteoprotegerin 1486:1500 arg1 production 1502:1511 osteoprotegerin production 1486:1511 osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) 1486:1530 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 11 90 dep % 1467:1467 arg1 p 1470:1470 p = 0.0048 1470:1479 p = 0.0048 1470:1479 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 12 91 theme HA 1596:1597 arg1 accumulation 1599:1610 induced HA accumulation 1588:1610 induced HA accumulation 1588:1610 CONCLUSIONS Our results show that induced HA accumulation is followed by increased HA crosslinking and create a shift in VSMC phenotype and proliferation. 26671518 11 92 contain have 1309:1312 arg2 appearance 1318:1327 the appearance 1314:1327 the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs 1314:1551 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 11 92 contain have 1309:1312 arg1 VSMCs 1303:1307 The Tg VSMCs 1296:1307 The Tg VSMCs 1296:1307 The Tg VSMCs have the appearance of a synthetic phenotype supported by a 40% decrease in α-smooth muscle actin isoform X1 (p = 0.0296) and an increase in proliferation (63%, p = 0.0048) and osteoprotegerin production (133%, p = 0.0010) in cultured Tg VSMCs. 26671518 4 93 theme METHODS 598:604 arg1 Aortas 606:611 METHODS Aortas 598:611 METHODS Aortas from HAS-2 transgenic (Tg) mice and wild type mice 598:662 METHODS Aortas from HAS-2 transgenic (Tg) mice and wild type mice were used for all experiments. 26671518 6 94 theme ECM 807:809 arg1 composition 811:821 ECM composition 807:821 ECM composition 807:821 The vessel and ECM composition was examined by immunoblotting and electron microscopy. 26671518 9 95 dep strength 1131:1138 arg1 = 1148:1148 = 1148:1148 = 1148:1148 The increase in vessel stiffness (32%, p = 0.0217) and strength (31%, p = 0.0043) in the Tg aorta persisted after HA digestion. 26671518 7 96 theme Primary 879:885 arg1 cultures 892:899 Primary VSMC cultures 879:899 Primary VSMC cultures 879:899 Primary VSMC cultures were examined by qPCR and thymidine incorporation. 28415682 0 0 theme glucocorticoid 84:97 arg1 resistance 99:108 glucocorticoid resistance 84:108 glucocorticoid resistance 84:108 Low dose of 2-deoxy-D-glucose kills acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and reverses glucocorticoid resistance via N-linked glycosylation inhibition under normoxia. 28415682 6 1 theme new 1039:1041 arg1 insight 1043:1049 new insight 1039:1049 new insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in GC resistance 1039:1105 These data provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in GC resistance. 28415682 5 2 from resistance 994:1003 arg1 cells 1012:1016 ALL cells 1008:1016 ALL cells 1008:1016 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 4 3 theme low-dose 558:565 arg1 agent 598:602 a single agent 589:602 a single agent to kill acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells 589:651 Here, we showed that low-dose 2-DG could be used as a single agent to kill acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, and as a GC sensitizer to overcome GC resistance under normoxia. 28415682 4 3 theme low-dose 558:565 arg1 2-DG 567:570 low-dose 2-DG 558:570 low-dose 2-DG 558:570 Here, we showed that low-dose 2-DG could be used as a single agent to kill acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, and as a GC sensitizer to overcome GC resistance under normoxia. 28415682 4 3 theme low-dose 558:565 arg1 sensitizer 666:675 a GC sensitizer 661:675 a GC sensitizer 661:675 Here, we showed that low-dose 2-DG could be used as a single agent to kill acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, and as a GC sensitizer to overcome GC resistance under normoxia. 28415682 5 4 link N-linked 772:779 arg1 glycosylation 781:793 N-linked glycosylation 772:793 N-linked glycosylation 772:793 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 1 5 link N-linked 282:289 arg1 glycosylation 291:303 N-linked glycosylation 282:303 N-linked glycosylation 282:303 Recent studies showed that 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog with dual activity of inhibiting glycolysis and N-linked glycosylation, can be selectively taken up by cancer cells and be used as a potential chemo- and radio-sensitizer. 28415682 5 6 theme stress 920:925 arg1 inhibition 844:853 inhibition 844:853 inhibition of N-linked glycosylation 844:879 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 5 6 theme stress 920:925 arg1 mechanism 939:947 the main mechanism 930:947 the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells 930:1016 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 5 6 theme stress 920:925 arg1 induction 885:893 induction 885:893 induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress 885:925 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 1 7 theme N-linked 282:289 arg1 glycosylation 291:303 N-linked glycosylation 282:303 N-linked glycosylation 282:303 Recent studies showed that 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog with dual activity of inhibiting glycolysis and N-linked glycosylation, can be selectively taken up by cancer cells and be used as a potential chemo- and radio-sensitizer. 28415682 0 8 theme glycosylation 123:135 arg1 inhibition 137:146 N-linked glycosylation inhibition 114:146 N-linked glycosylation inhibition 114:146 Low dose of 2-deoxy-D-glucose kills acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and reverses glucocorticoid resistance via N-linked glycosylation inhibition under normoxia. 28415682 7 9 theme novel 1189:1193 arg1 efficiency 1200:1209 novel high efficiency 1189:1209 novel high efficiency 1189:1209 More important, it indicates that 2-DG might be the promising drug for designing novel high efficiency and low toxic protocol for ALL patients. 28415682 3 10 theme systemic 518:525 arg1 toxicity 527:534 the high-dose induced systemic toxicity 496:534 the high-dose induced systemic toxicity 496:534 However, its efficacy is limited by the high-dose induced systemic toxicity. 28415682 4 11 theme leukemia 632:639 arg1 cells 647:651 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells 612:651 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells 612:651 Here, we showed that low-dose 2-DG could be used as a single agent to kill acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, and as a GC sensitizer to overcome GC resistance under normoxia. 28415682 0 12 theme N-linked 114:121 arg1 inhibition 137:146 N-linked glycosylation inhibition 114:146 N-linked glycosylation inhibition 114:146 Low dose of 2-deoxy-D-glucose kills acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and reverses glucocorticoid resistance via N-linked glycosylation inhibition under normoxia. 28415682 4 13 theme lymphoblastic 618:630 arg1 leukemia 632:639 acute lymphoblastic leukemia 612:639 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells 612:651 Here, we showed that low-dose 2-DG could be used as a single agent to kill acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, and as a GC sensitizer to overcome GC resistance under normoxia. 28415682 4 13 theme lymphoblastic 618:630 arg1 ALL 642:644 ALL 642:644 ALL 642:644 Here, we showed that low-dose 2-DG could be used as a single agent to kill acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, and as a GC sensitizer to overcome GC resistance under normoxia. 28415682 1 14 theme potential 367:375 arg1 chemo- 377:382 a potential chemo- 365:382 a potential chemo- 365:382 Recent studies showed that 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog with dual activity of inhibiting glycolysis and N-linked glycosylation, can be selectively taken up by cancer cells and be used as a potential chemo- and radio-sensitizer. 28415682 1 14 theme potential 367:375 arg1 2-deoxy-D-glucose 191:207 2-deoxy-D-glucose 191:207 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) 191:214 Recent studies showed that 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog with dual activity of inhibiting glycolysis and N-linked glycosylation, can be selectively taken up by cancer cells and be used as a potential chemo- and radio-sensitizer. 28415682 0 15 theme Low 0:2 arg1 dose 4:7 Low dose 0:7 Low dose of 2-deoxy-D-glucose 0:28 Low dose of 2-deoxy-D-glucose kills acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and reverses glucocorticoid resistance via N-linked glycosylation inhibition under normoxia. 28415682 5 16 theme endoplasmic 898:908 arg1 reticulum 910:918 endoplasmic reticulum 898:918 endoplasmic reticulum stress 898:925 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 2 17 theme cancer 431:436 arg1 cells 438:442 cancer cells 431:442 cancer cells 431:442 Meanwhile, 2-DG can kill cancer cells under normoxia. 28415682 5 18 theme reticulum 910:918 arg1 stress 920:925 endoplasmic reticulum stress 898:925 endoplasmic reticulum stress 898:925 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 5 19 theme N-linked 772:779 arg1 glycosylation 781:793 N-linked glycosylation 772:793 N-linked glycosylation 772:793 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 1 20 with analog 227:232 arg1 activity 244:251 dual activity 239:251 dual activity of inhibiting glycolysis and N-linked glycosylation 239:303 Recent studies showed that 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog with dual activity of inhibiting glycolysis and N-linked glycosylation, can be selectively taken up by cancer cells and be used as a potential chemo- and radio-sensitizer. 28415682 4 21 theme GC 689:690 arg1 resistance 692:701 GC resistance 689:701 GC resistance 689:701 Here, we showed that low-dose 2-DG could be used as a single agent to kill acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, and as a GC sensitizer to overcome GC resistance under normoxia. 28415682 1 22 theme Recent 164:169 arg1 studies 171:177 Recent studies 164:177 Recent studies 164:177 Recent studies showed that 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog with dual activity of inhibiting glycolysis and N-linked glycosylation, can be selectively taken up by cancer cells and be used as a potential chemo- and radio-sensitizer. 28415682 0 23 theme acute 36:40 arg1 leukemia 56:63 acute lymphoblastic leukemia 36:63 acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells 36:69 Low dose of 2-deoxy-D-glucose kills acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and reverses glucocorticoid resistance via N-linked glycosylation inhibition under normoxia. 28415682 1 24 used used 357:360 arg2 radio-sensitizer 388:403 radio-sensitizer 388:403 radio-sensitizer 388:403 Recent studies showed that 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog with dual activity of inhibiting glycolysis and N-linked glycosylation, can be selectively taken up by cancer cells and be used as a potential chemo- and radio-sensitizer. 28415682 1 24 used used 357:360 arg2 2-deoxy-D-glucose 191:207 2-deoxy-D-glucose 191:207 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) 191:214 Recent studies showed that 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog with dual activity of inhibiting glycolysis and N-linked glycosylation, can be selectively taken up by cancer cells and be used as a potential chemo- and radio-sensitizer. 28415682 1 24 used used 357:360 arg2 2-DG 210:213 2-DG 210:213 2-DG 210:213 Recent studies showed that 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog with dual activity of inhibiting glycolysis and N-linked glycosylation, can be selectively taken up by cancer cells and be used as a potential chemo- and radio-sensitizer. 28415682 1 24 used used 357:360 arg2 analog 227:232 a glucose analog 217:232 a glucose analog with dual activity of inhibiting glycolysis and N-linked glycosylation 217:303 Recent studies showed that 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog with dual activity of inhibiting glycolysis and N-linked glycosylation, can be selectively taken up by cancer cells and be used as a potential chemo- and radio-sensitizer. 28415682 1 24 used used 357:360 arg2 chemo- 377:382 a potential chemo- 365:382 a potential chemo- 365:382 Recent studies showed that 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog with dual activity of inhibiting glycolysis and N-linked glycosylation, can be selectively taken up by cancer cells and be used as a potential chemo- and radio-sensitizer. 28415682 4 25 used used 581:584 arg2 sensitizer 666:675 a GC sensitizer 661:675 a GC sensitizer 661:675 Here, we showed that low-dose 2-DG could be used as a single agent to kill acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, and as a GC sensitizer to overcome GC resistance under normoxia. 28415682 4 25 used used 581:584 arg2 agent 598:602 a single agent 589:602 a single agent to kill acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells 589:651 Here, we showed that low-dose 2-DG could be used as a single agent to kill acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, and as a GC sensitizer to overcome GC resistance under normoxia. 28415682 4 25 used used 581:584 arg2 2-DG 567:570 low-dose 2-DG 558:570 low-dose 2-DG 558:570 Here, we showed that low-dose 2-DG could be used as a single agent to kill acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, and as a GC sensitizer to overcome GC resistance under normoxia. 28415682 4 26 theme acute 612:616 arg1 leukemia 632:639 acute lymphoblastic leukemia 612:639 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells 612:651 Here, we showed that low-dose 2-DG could be used as a single agent to kill acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, and as a GC sensitizer to overcome GC resistance under normoxia. 28415682 4 26 theme acute 612:616 arg1 ALL 642:644 ALL 642:644 ALL 642:644 Here, we showed that low-dose 2-DG could be used as a single agent to kill acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, and as a GC sensitizer to overcome GC resistance under normoxia. 28415682 5 27 theme cell 968:971 arg1 death 973:977 cell death 968:977 cell death 968:977 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 1 28 theme glucose 219:225 arg1 2-deoxy-D-glucose 191:207 2-deoxy-D-glucose 191:207 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) 191:214 Recent studies showed that 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog with dual activity of inhibiting glycolysis and N-linked glycosylation, can be selectively taken up by cancer cells and be used as a potential chemo- and radio-sensitizer. 28415682 1 28 theme glucose 219:225 arg1 analog 227:232 a glucose analog 217:232 a glucose analog with dual activity of inhibiting glycolysis and N-linked glycosylation 217:303 Recent studies showed that 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog with dual activity of inhibiting glycolysis and N-linked glycosylation, can be selectively taken up by cancer cells and be used as a potential chemo- and radio-sensitizer. 28415682 5 29 theme 2-DG-treated 804:815 arg1 cells 821:825 2-DG-treated ALL cells 804:825 2-DG-treated ALL cells 804:825 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 5 30 theme exogenous 731:739 arg1 mannose 741:747 exogenous mannose 731:747 exogenous mannose 731:747 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 5 30 theme exogenous 731:739 arg1 sugar 752:756 a sugar 750:756 a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation 750:793 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 0 31 theme 2-deoxy-D-glucose 12:28 arg1 dose 4:7 Low dose 0:7 Low dose of 2-deoxy-D-glucose 0:28 Low dose of 2-deoxy-D-glucose kills acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and reverses glucocorticoid resistance via N-linked glycosylation inhibition under normoxia. 28415682 5 32 theme essential 758:766 arg1 mannose 741:747 exogenous mannose 731:747 exogenous mannose 731:747 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 5 32 theme essential 758:766 arg1 sugar 752:756 a sugar 750:756 a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation 750:793 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 0 33 theme leukemia 56:63 arg1 cells 65:69 acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells 36:69 acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells 36:69 Low dose of 2-deoxy-D-glucose kills acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and reverses glucocorticoid resistance via N-linked glycosylation inhibition under normoxia. 28415682 7 34 dep indicates 1127:1135 arg1 important 1113:1121 important 1113:1121 important 1113:1121 More important, it indicates that 2-DG might be the promising drug for designing novel high efficiency and low toxic protocol for ALL patients. 28415682 5 35 theme N-linked 858:865 arg1 glycosylation 867:879 N-linked glycosylation 858:879 N-linked glycosylation 858:879 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 0 36 theme lymphoblastic 42:54 arg1 leukemia 56:63 acute lymphoblastic leukemia 36:63 acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells 36:69 Low dose of 2-deoxy-D-glucose kills acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and reverses glucocorticoid resistance via N-linked glycosylation inhibition under normoxia. 28415682 5 37 theme GC 991:992 arg1 resistance 994:1003 GC resistance 991:1003 GC resistance in ALL cells 991:1016 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 7 38 theme low 1215:1217 arg1 protocol 1225:1232 low toxic protocol 1215:1232 low toxic protocol 1215:1232 More important, it indicates that 2-DG might be the promising drug for designing novel high efficiency and low toxic protocol for ALL patients. 28415682 5 39 theme glycosylation 867:879 arg1 inhibition 844:853 inhibition 844:853 inhibition of N-linked glycosylation 844:879 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 5 39 theme glycosylation 867:879 arg1 mechanism 939:947 the main mechanism 930:947 the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells 930:1016 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 5 39 theme glycosylation 867:879 arg1 induction 885:893 induction 885:893 induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress 885:925 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 7 40 theme high 1195:1198 arg1 efficiency 1200:1209 novel high efficiency 1189:1209 novel high efficiency 1189:1209 More important, it indicates that 2-DG might be the promising drug for designing novel high efficiency and low toxic protocol for ALL patients. 28415682 5 41 link N-linked 858:865 arg1 glycosylation 867:879 N-linked glycosylation 858:879 N-linked glycosylation 858:879 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 6 42 theme molecular 1060:1068 arg1 mechanisms 1070:1079 the molecular mechanisms 1056:1079 the molecular mechanisms involved in GC resistance 1056:1105 These data provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in GC resistance. 28415682 6 43 theme GC 1093:1094 arg1 resistance 1096:1105 GC resistance 1093:1105 GC resistance 1093:1105 These data provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in GC resistance. 28415682 4 44 theme GC 663:664 arg1 2-DG 567:570 low-dose 2-DG 558:570 low-dose 2-DG 558:570 Here, we showed that low-dose 2-DG could be used as a single agent to kill acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, and as a GC sensitizer to overcome GC resistance under normoxia. 28415682 4 44 theme GC 663:664 arg1 sensitizer 666:675 a GC sensitizer 661:675 a GC sensitizer 661:675 Here, we showed that low-dose 2-DG could be used as a single agent to kill acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, and as a GC sensitizer to overcome GC resistance under normoxia. 28415682 1 45 theme dual 239:242 arg1 activity 244:251 dual activity 239:251 dual activity of inhibiting glycolysis and N-linked glycosylation 239:303 Recent studies showed that 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog with dual activity of inhibiting glycolysis and N-linked glycosylation, can be selectively taken up by cancer cells and be used as a potential chemo- and radio-sensitizer. 28415682 7 46 theme promising 1160:1168 arg1 2-DG 1142:1145 2-DG 1142:1145 2-DG 1142:1145 More important, it indicates that 2-DG might be the promising drug for designing novel high efficiency and low toxic protocol for ALL patients. 28415682 7 46 theme promising 1160:1168 arg1 drug 1170:1173 the promising drug 1156:1173 the promising drug for designing novel high efficiency and low toxic protocol for ALL patients 1156:1249 More important, it indicates that 2-DG might be the promising drug for designing novel high efficiency and low toxic protocol for ALL patients. 28415682 5 47 theme main 934:937 arg1 inhibition 844:853 inhibition 844:853 inhibition of N-linked glycosylation 844:879 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 5 47 theme main 934:937 arg1 induction 885:893 induction 885:893 induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress 885:925 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 5 47 theme main 934:937 arg1 mechanism 939:947 the main mechanism 930:947 the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells 930:1016 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 0 48 link N-linked 114:121 arg1 inhibition 137:146 N-linked glycosylation inhibition 114:146 N-linked glycosylation inhibition 114:146 Low dose of 2-deoxy-D-glucose kills acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and reverses glucocorticoid resistance via N-linked glycosylation inhibition under normoxia. 28415682 3 49 theme high-dose 500:508 arg1 toxicity 527:534 the high-dose induced systemic toxicity 496:534 the high-dose induced systemic toxicity 496:534 However, its efficacy is limited by the high-dose induced systemic toxicity. 28415682 5 50 theme ALL 817:819 arg1 cells 821:825 2-DG-treated ALL cells 804:825 2-DG-treated ALL cells 804:825 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 4 51 theme single 591:596 arg1 agent 598:602 a single agent 589:602 a single agent to kill acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells 589:651 Here, we showed that low-dose 2-DG could be used as a single agent to kill acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, and as a GC sensitizer to overcome GC resistance under normoxia. 28415682 4 51 theme single 591:596 arg1 2-DG 567:570 low-dose 2-DG 558:570 low-dose 2-DG 558:570 Here, we showed that low-dose 2-DG could be used as a single agent to kill acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, and as a GC sensitizer to overcome GC resistance under normoxia. 28415682 5 52 theme mannose 741:747 arg1 Addition 719:726 Addition 719:726 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, 719:794 Addition of exogenous mannose, a sugar essential for N-linked glycosylation, rescued 2-DG-treated ALL cells, indicating that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main mechanism for 2-DG to induce cell death and reverse GC resistance in ALL cells. 28415682 1 53 theme cancer 337:342 arg1 cells 344:348 cancer cells 337:348 cancer cells 337:348 Recent studies showed that 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog with dual activity of inhibiting glycolysis and N-linked glycosylation, can be selectively taken up by cancer cells and be used as a potential chemo- and radio-sensitizer. 28415682 7 54 theme toxic 1219:1223 arg1 protocol 1225:1232 low toxic protocol 1215:1232 low toxic protocol 1215:1232 More important, it indicates that 2-DG might be the promising drug for designing novel high efficiency and low toxic protocol for ALL patients. 28415682 3 55 theme induced 510:516 arg1 toxicity 527:534 the high-dose induced systemic toxicity 496:534 the high-dose induced systemic toxicity 496:534 However, its efficacy is limited by the high-dose induced systemic toxicity. 27512402 4 0 theme size 991:994 arg1 chromatography 1006:1019 high performance size exclusion chromatography 974:1019 high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively 974:1172 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 3 1 theme cell 635:638 arg1 fractions 645:653 cell wall fractions 635:653 cell wall fractions 635:653 In this work, the gene expression correlations between, on one hand, 16 enzymes potentially acting during papaya cell wall disassembling and, on the other hand, the monosaccharide composition of cell wall fractions during papaya ripening were evaluated. 27512402 8 2 theme papaya 1811:1816 arg1 disassembling 1828:1840 papaya cell wall disassembling 1811:1840 papaya cell wall disassembling 1811:1840 Thus, the results allowed us to propose a detailed process of papaya cell wall disassembling that would affect sensorial properties and post-harvesting losses of this commercially important fruit. 27512402 2 3 theme polysaccharide 315:328 arg1 solubilization 330:343 polysaccharide solubilization 315:343 polysaccharide solubilization 315:343 However, the timeline on how papaya pectinases act in polysaccharide solubilization and the consequent modification of the cell wall fractions during ripening is still not clear. 27512402 1 4 theme pulp 229:232 arg1 softening 234:242 a rapid pulp softening 221:242 a rapid pulp softening during ripening 221:258 Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a fleshy fruit that presents a rapid pulp softening during ripening. 27512402 8 5 theme wall 1823:1826 arg1 disassembling 1828:1840 papaya cell wall disassembling 1811:1840 papaya cell wall disassembling 1811:1840 Thus, the results allowed us to propose a detailed process of papaya cell wall disassembling that would affect sensorial properties and post-harvesting losses of this commercially important fruit. 27512402 5 6 theme polygalacturonase 1208:1224 arg1 genes 1246:1250 up-regulated polygalacturonase and β-galactosidase genes 1195:1250 up-regulated polygalacturonase and β-galactosidase genes 1195:1250 Results showed that up-regulated polygalacturonase and β-galactosidase genes were positively correlated with some monosaccharide profiles. 27512402 4 7 theme anion-exchange 1081:1094 arg1 chromatography 1096:1109 high performance anion-exchange chromatography 1064:1109 high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively 1064:1172 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 3 8 theme papaya 662:667 arg1 ripening 669:676 papaya ripening 662:676 papaya ripening 662:676 In this work, the gene expression correlations between, on one hand, 16 enzymes potentially acting during papaya cell wall disassembling and, on the other hand, the monosaccharide composition of cell wall fractions during papaya ripening were evaluated. 27512402 1 9 theme Carica 171:176 arg1 L. 185:186 Carica papaya L. 171:186 Carica papaya L. 171:186 Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a fleshy fruit that presents a rapid pulp softening during ripening. 27512402 1 9 theme Carica 171:176 arg1 Papaya 163:168 Papaya 163:168 Papaya (Carica papaya L.) 163:187 Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a fleshy fruit that presents a rapid pulp softening during ripening. 27512402 7 10 theme soluble 1613:1619 arg1 forms 1621:1625 more soluble forms 1608:1625 more soluble forms 1608:1625 The apparent disappearance of one HMW peak of the OSF may result from the conversion of pectin that were crosslinked with calcium into more soluble forms through the action of PGs, which would increase the solubilization of polysaccharides by lowering their molecular weight. 27512402 7 11 theme molecular 1731:1739 arg1 weight 1741:1746 their molecular weight 1725:1746 their molecular weight 1725:1746 The apparent disappearance of one HMW peak of the OSF may result from the conversion of pectin that were crosslinked with calcium into more soluble forms through the action of PGs, which would increase the solubilization of polysaccharides by lowering their molecular weight. 27512402 0 12 theme Insoluble 108:116 arg1 Fractions 118:126 Insoluble Fractions 108:126 Insoluble Fractions 108:126 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 27512402 4 13 theme high 1064:1067 arg1 chromatography 1096:1109 high performance anion-exchange chromatography 1064:1109 high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively 1064:1172 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 8 14 theme post-harvesting 1885:1899 arg1 losses 1901:1906 post-harvesting losses 1885:1906 post-harvesting losses 1885:1906 Thus, the results allowed us to propose a detailed process of papaya cell wall disassembling that would affect sensorial properties and post-harvesting losses of this commercially important fruit. 27512402 3 15 theme wall 558:561 arg1 disassembling 563:575 papaya cell wall disassembling 546:575 papaya cell wall disassembling 546:575 In this work, the gene expression correlations between, on one hand, 16 enzymes potentially acting during papaya cell wall disassembling and, on the other hand, the monosaccharide composition of cell wall fractions during papaya ripening were evaluated. 27512402 1 16 theme fleshy 194:199 arg1 fruit 201:205 a fleshy fruit 192:205 a fleshy fruit that presents a rapid pulp softening during ripening 192:258 Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a fleshy fruit that presents a rapid pulp softening during ripening. 27512402 1 16 theme fleshy 194:199 arg1 Papaya 163:168 Papaya 163:168 Papaya (Carica papaya L.) 163:187 Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a fleshy fruit that presents a rapid pulp softening during ripening. 27512402 0 17 theme Fruit 147:151 arg1 Ripening 153:160 Postharvest Fruit Ripening 135:160 Postharvest Fruit Ripening 135:160 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 27512402 3 18 theme papaya 546:551 arg1 disassembling 563:575 papaya cell wall disassembling 546:575 papaya cell wall disassembling 546:575 In this work, the gene expression correlations between, on one hand, 16 enzymes potentially acting during papaya cell wall disassembling and, on the other hand, the monosaccharide composition of cell wall fractions during papaya ripening were evaluated. 27512402 7 19 theme pectin 1561:1566 arg1 conversion 1547:1556 the conversion 1543:1556 the conversion of pectin that were crosslinked with calcium into more soluble forms through the action of PGs, which would increase the solubilization of polysaccharides by lowering their molecular weight 1543:1746 The apparent disappearance of one HMW peak of the OSF may result from the conversion of pectin that were crosslinked with calcium into more soluble forms through the action of PGs, which would increase the solubilization of polysaccharides by lowering their molecular weight. 27512402 4 20 theme pulse 1122:1126 arg1 analyses 1151:1158 pulse amperometric detection analyses 1122:1158 pulse amperometric detection analyses 1122:1158 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 8 21 theme fruit 1939:1943 arg1 properties 1870:1879 sensorial properties 1860:1879 sensorial properties 1860:1879 Thus, the results allowed us to propose a detailed process of papaya cell wall disassembling that would affect sensorial properties and post-harvesting losses of this commercially important fruit. 27512402 8 21 theme fruit 1939:1943 arg1 losses 1901:1906 post-harvesting losses 1885:1906 post-harvesting losses 1885:1906 Thus, the results allowed us to propose a detailed process of papaya cell wall disassembling that would affect sensorial properties and post-harvesting losses of this commercially important fruit. 27512402 4 22 from fractions 853:861 arg1 polysaccharides 798:812 polysaccharides 798:812 polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively) 798:889 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 4 22 from fractions 853:861 arg1 differences 714:724 differences 714:724 differences in the ripening of papaya samplings 714:760 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 4 22 from fractions 853:861 arg1 distribution 782:793 the molecular mass distribution 763:793 the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively) 763:889 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 4 22 from fractions 853:861 arg1 profiling 923:931 the oligosaccharide profiling 903:931 the oligosaccharide profiling 903:931 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 4 23 theme detection 1141:1149 arg1 analyses 1151:1158 pulse amperometric detection analyses 1122:1158 pulse amperometric detection analyses 1122:1158 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 6 24 theme weight 1387:1392 arg1 polysaccharides 1431:1445 high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides 1372:1445 high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides 1372:1445 In addition, an overall increase in the retention time of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides in WSF and OSF was shown. 27512402 4 25 dep explain 706:712 arg1 to 703:704 to 703:704 to 703:704 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 0 26 theme Chains 74:79 arg1 Release 58:64 Release 58:64 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 0:161 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 27512402 4 27 from differences 714:724 arg1 ripening 733:740 the ripening 729:740 the ripening of papaya samplings 729:760 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 4 27 from differences 714:724 arg1 OSF 872:874 OSF 872:874 OSF 872:874 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 4 27 from differences 714:724 arg1 WSF 864:866 WSF 864:866 WSF 864:866 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 4 27 from differences 714:724 arg1 fractions 853:861 water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions 819:861 water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively) 819:889 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 0 28 dep Derived 95:101 arg1 Galacturonans 81:93 Galacturonans 81:93 Galacturonans 81:93 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 27512402 0 28 dep Derived 95:101 arg1 Chains 74:79 Long Chains 69:79 Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening 69:160 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 27512402 4 29 dep fractions 853:861 arg1 OSF 872:874 OSF 872:874 OSF 872:874 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 4 29 dep fractions 853:861 arg1 WSF 864:866 WSF 864:866 WSF 864:866 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 4 29 dep fractions 853:861 arg1 fractions 853:861 water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions 819:861 water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively) 819:889 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 8 30 theme detailed 1791:1798 arg1 process 1800:1806 a detailed process 1789:1806 a detailed process of papaya cell wall disassembling that would affect sensorial properties and post-harvesting losses of this commercially important fruit 1789:1943 Thus, the results allowed us to propose a detailed process of papaya cell wall disassembling that would affect sensorial properties and post-harvesting losses of this commercially important fruit. 27512402 0 31 theme Physiological 0:12 arg1 Degradation 14:24 Physiological Degradation 0:24 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 0:161 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 27512402 4 32 theme performance 979:989 arg1 chromatography 1006:1019 high performance size exclusion chromatography 974:1019 high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively 974:1172 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 2 33 theme wall 389:392 arg1 fractions 394:402 the cell wall fractions 380:402 the cell wall fractions 380:402 However, the timeline on how papaya pectinases act in polysaccharide solubilization and the consequent modification of the cell wall fractions during ripening is still not clear. 27512402 6 34 theme molecular 1408:1416 arg1 LMW 1426:1428 LMW 1426:1428 LMW 1426:1428 In addition, an overall increase in the retention time of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides in WSF and OSF was shown. 27512402 6 34 theme molecular 1408:1416 arg1 weight 1418:1423 low molecular weight 1404:1423 low molecular weight (LMW) 1404:1429 In addition, an overall increase in the retention time of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides in WSF and OSF was shown. 27512402 7 35 theme HMW 1507:1509 arg1 peak 1511:1514 one HMW peak 1503:1514 one HMW peak 1503:1514 The apparent disappearance of one HMW peak of the OSF may result from the conversion of pectin that were crosslinked with calcium into more soluble forms through the action of PGs, which would increase the solubilization of polysaccharides by lowering their molecular weight. 27512402 3 36 theme other 589:593 arg1 hand 595:598 the other hand 585:598 the other hand 585:598 In this work, the gene expression correlations between, on one hand, 16 enzymes potentially acting during papaya cell wall disassembling and, on the other hand, the monosaccharide composition of cell wall fractions during papaya ripening were evaluated. 27512402 4 37 theme mass 777:780 arg1 distribution 782:793 the molecular mass distribution 763:793 the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively) 763:889 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 0 38 theme Cell 46:49 arg1 Walls 51:55 Papaya Cell Walls 39:55 Papaya Cell Walls 39:55 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 27512402 7 39 theme apparent 1477:1484 arg1 disappearance 1486:1498 The apparent disappearance 1473:1498 The apparent disappearance of one HMW peak of the OSF 1473:1525 The apparent disappearance of one HMW peak of the OSF may result from the conversion of pectin that were crosslinked with calcium into more soluble forms through the action of PGs, which would increase the solubilization of polysaccharides by lowering their molecular weight. 27512402 4 40 theme index 1045:1049 arg1 detector 1051:1058 a refractive index detector 1032:1058 a refractive index detector 1032:1058 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 3 41 theme monosaccharide 605:618 arg1 composition 620:630 the monosaccharide composition 601:630 the monosaccharide composition of cell wall fractions during papaya ripening 601:676 In this work, the gene expression correlations between, on one hand, 16 enzymes potentially acting during papaya cell wall disassembling and, on the other hand, the monosaccharide composition of cell wall fractions during papaya ripening were evaluated. 27512402 4 42 theme samplings 752:760 arg1 ripening 733:740 the ripening 729:740 the ripening of papaya samplings 729:760 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 4 43 from profiling 923:931 arg1 ripening 733:740 the ripening 729:740 the ripening of papaya samplings 729:760 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 4 43 from profiling 923:931 arg1 OSF 872:874 OSF 872:874 OSF 872:874 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 4 43 from profiling 923:931 arg1 WSF 864:866 WSF 864:866 WSF 864:866 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 4 43 from profiling 923:931 arg1 fractions 853:861 water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions 819:861 water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively) 819:889 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 0 44 attach Derived 95:101 arg2 Galacturonans 81:93 Galacturonans 81:93 Galacturonans 81:93 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 27512402 0 44 attach Derived 95:101 arg2 Chains 74:79 Long Chains 69:79 Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening 69:160 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 27512402 0 44 attach Derived 95:101 arg1 Fractions 118:126 Insoluble Fractions 108:126 Insoluble Fractions 108:126 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 27512402 4 45 theme exclusion 996:1004 arg1 chromatography 1006:1019 high performance size exclusion chromatography 974:1019 high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively 974:1172 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 8 46 theme cell 1818:1821 arg1 disassembling 1828:1840 papaya cell wall disassembling 1811:1840 papaya cell wall disassembling 1811:1840 Thus, the results allowed us to propose a detailed process of papaya cell wall disassembling that would affect sensorial properties and post-harvesting losses of this commercially important fruit. 27512402 3 47 theme expression 463:472 arg1 correlations 474:485 the gene expression correlations 454:485 the gene expression correlations between, on one hand, 16 enzymes potentially acting during papaya cell wall disassembling and, on the other hand, the monosaccharide composition of cell wall fractions during papaya ripening 454:676 In this work, the gene expression correlations between, on one hand, 16 enzymes potentially acting during papaya cell wall disassembling and, on the other hand, the monosaccharide composition of cell wall fractions during papaya ripening were evaluated. 27512402 1 48 theme rapid 223:227 arg1 softening 234:242 a rapid pulp softening 221:242 a rapid pulp softening during ripening 221:258 Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a fleshy fruit that presents a rapid pulp softening during ripening. 27512402 4 49 theme water-soluble 819:831 arg1 OSF 872:874 OSF 872:874 OSF 872:874 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 4 49 theme water-soluble 819:831 arg1 WSF 864:866 WSF 864:866 WSF 864:866 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 4 49 theme water-soluble 819:831 arg1 fractions 853:861 water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions 819:861 water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively) 819:889 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 3 50 theme wall 640:643 arg1 fractions 645:653 cell wall fractions 635:653 cell wall fractions 635:653 In this work, the gene expression correlations between, on one hand, 16 enzymes potentially acting during papaya cell wall disassembling and, on the other hand, the monosaccharide composition of cell wall fractions during papaya ripening were evaluated. 27512402 8 51 theme disassembling 1828:1840 arg1 process 1800:1806 a detailed process 1789:1806 a detailed process of papaya cell wall disassembling that would affect sensorial properties and post-harvesting losses of this commercially important fruit 1789:1943 Thus, the results allowed us to propose a detailed process of papaya cell wall disassembling that would affect sensorial properties and post-harvesting losses of this commercially important fruit. 27512402 5 52 theme up-regulated 1195:1206 arg1 genes 1246:1250 up-regulated polygalacturonase and β-galactosidase genes 1195:1250 up-regulated polygalacturonase and β-galactosidase genes 1195:1250 Results showed that up-regulated polygalacturonase and β-galactosidase genes were positively correlated with some monosaccharide profiles. 27512402 4 53 theme oxalate-soluble 837:851 arg1 OSF 872:874 OSF 872:874 OSF 872:874 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 4 53 theme oxalate-soluble 837:851 arg1 WSF 864:866 WSF 864:866 WSF 864:866 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 4 53 theme oxalate-soluble 837:851 arg1 fractions 853:861 water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions 819:861 water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively) 819:889 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 8 54 theme sensorial 1860:1868 arg1 properties 1870:1879 sensorial properties 1860:1879 sensorial properties 1860:1879 Thus, the results allowed us to propose a detailed process of papaya cell wall disassembling that would affect sensorial properties and post-harvesting losses of this commercially important fruit. 27512402 1 55 theme papaya 178:183 arg1 L. 185:186 Carica papaya L. 171:186 Carica papaya L. 171:186 Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a fleshy fruit that presents a rapid pulp softening during ripening. 27512402 1 55 theme papaya 178:183 arg1 Papaya 163:168 Papaya 163:168 Papaya (Carica papaya L.) 163:187 Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a fleshy fruit that presents a rapid pulp softening during ripening. 27512402 4 56 theme polysaccharides 798:812 arg1 differences 714:724 differences 714:724 differences in the ripening of papaya samplings 714:760 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 4 56 theme polysaccharides 798:812 arg1 distribution 782:793 the molecular mass distribution 763:793 the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively) 763:889 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 4 56 theme polysaccharides 798:812 arg1 profiling 923:931 the oligosaccharide profiling 903:931 the oligosaccharide profiling 903:931 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 6 57 theme retention 1354:1362 arg1 time 1364:1367 the retention time 1350:1367 the retention time of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides 1350:1445 In addition, an overall increase in the retention time of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides in WSF and OSF was shown. 27512402 4 58 theme performance 1069:1079 arg1 chromatography 1096:1109 high performance anion-exchange chromatography 1064:1109 high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively 1064:1172 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 0 59 theme Postharvest 135:145 arg1 Ripening 153:160 Postharvest Fruit Ripening 135:160 Postharvest Fruit Ripening 135:160 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 27512402 3 60 theme cell 553:556 arg1 disassembling 563:575 papaya cell wall disassembling 546:575 papaya cell wall disassembling 546:575 In this work, the gene expression correlations between, on one hand, 16 enzymes potentially acting during papaya cell wall disassembling and, on the other hand, the monosaccharide composition of cell wall fractions during papaya ripening were evaluated. 27512402 6 61 theme overall 1330:1336 arg1 increase 1338:1345 an overall increase 1327:1345 an overall increase in the retention time of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides in WSF and OSF 1327:1460 In addition, an overall increase in the retention time of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides in WSF and OSF was shown. 27512402 5 62 theme monosaccharide 1289:1302 arg1 profiles 1304:1311 some monosaccharide profiles 1284:1311 some monosaccharide profiles 1284:1311 Results showed that up-regulated polygalacturonase and β-galactosidase genes were positively correlated with some monosaccharide profiles. 27512402 8 63 theme important 1929:1937 arg1 fruit 1939:1943 this commercially important fruit 1911:1943 this commercially important fruit 1911:1943 Thus, the results allowed us to propose a detailed process of papaya cell wall disassembling that would affect sensorial properties and post-harvesting losses of this commercially important fruit. 27512402 0 64 theme Papaya 39:44 arg1 Walls 51:55 Papaya Cell Walls 39:55 Papaya Cell Walls 39:55 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 27512402 4 65 theme amperometric 1128:1139 arg1 analyses 1151:1158 pulse amperometric detection analyses 1122:1158 pulse amperometric detection analyses 1122:1158 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 7 66 theme polysaccharides 1697:1711 arg1 solubilization 1679:1692 the solubilization 1675:1692 the solubilization of polysaccharides 1675:1711 The apparent disappearance of one HMW peak of the OSF may result from the conversion of pectin that were crosslinked with calcium into more soluble forms through the action of PGs, which would increase the solubilization of polysaccharides by lowering their molecular weight. 27512402 4 67 theme oligosaccharide 907:921 arg1 profiling 923:931 the oligosaccharide profiling 903:931 the oligosaccharide profiling 903:931 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 0 68 from Pectin 29:34 arg1 Walls 51:55 Papaya Cell Walls 39:55 Papaya Cell Walls 39:55 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 27512402 6 69 theme high 1372:1375 arg1 HMW 1395:1397 HMW 1395:1397 HMW 1395:1397 In addition, an overall increase in the retention time of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides in WSF and OSF was shown. 27512402 6 69 theme high 1372:1375 arg1 weight 1387:1392 high molecular weight 1372:1392 high molecular weight (HMW) 1372:1398 In addition, an overall increase in the retention time of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides in WSF and OSF was shown. 27512402 0 70 theme Long 69:72 arg1 Galacturonans 81:93 Galacturonans 81:93 Galacturonans 81:93 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 27512402 0 70 theme Long 69:72 arg1 Chains 74:79 Long Chains 69:79 Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening 69:160 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 27512402 0 71 from Degradation 14:24 arg1 Walls 51:55 Papaya Cell Walls 39:55 Papaya Cell Walls 39:55 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 27512402 6 72 theme molecular 1377:1385 arg1 HMW 1395:1397 HMW 1395:1397 HMW 1395:1397 In addition, an overall increase in the retention time of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides in WSF and OSF was shown. 27512402 6 72 theme molecular 1377:1385 arg1 weight 1387:1392 high molecular weight 1372:1392 high molecular weight (HMW) 1372:1398 In addition, an overall increase in the retention time of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides in WSF and OSF was shown. 27512402 7 73 theme OSF 1523:1525 arg1 disappearance 1486:1498 The apparent disappearance 1473:1498 The apparent disappearance of one HMW peak of the OSF 1473:1525 The apparent disappearance of one HMW peak of the OSF may result from the conversion of pectin that were crosslinked with calcium into more soluble forms through the action of PGs, which would increase the solubilization of polysaccharides by lowering their molecular weight. 27512402 0 74 from Walls 51:55 arg1 Degradation 14:24 Physiological Degradation 0:24 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 0:161 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 27512402 6 75 theme polysaccharides 1431:1445 arg1 time 1364:1367 the retention time 1350:1367 the retention time of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides 1350:1445 In addition, an overall increase in the retention time of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides in WSF and OSF was shown. 27512402 4 76 from distribution 782:793 arg1 ripening 733:740 the ripening 729:740 the ripening of papaya samplings 729:760 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 4 76 from distribution 782:793 arg1 OSF 872:874 OSF 872:874 OSF 872:874 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 4 76 from distribution 782:793 arg1 WSF 864:866 WSF 864:866 WSF 864:866 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 4 76 from distribution 782:793 arg1 fractions 853:861 water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions 819:861 water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively) 819:889 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 7 77 theme PGs 1649:1651 arg1 action 1639:1644 the action 1635:1644 the action of PGs, which would increase the solubilization of polysaccharides by lowering their molecular weight 1635:1746 The apparent disappearance of one HMW peak of the OSF may result from the conversion of pectin that were crosslinked with calcium into more soluble forms through the action of PGs, which would increase the solubilization of polysaccharides by lowering their molecular weight. 27512402 2 78 theme consequent 353:362 arg1 modification 364:375 the consequent modification 349:375 the consequent modification of the cell wall fractions 349:402 However, the timeline on how papaya pectinases act in polysaccharide solubilization and the consequent modification of the cell wall fractions during ripening is still not clear. 27512402 0 79 theme Pectin 29:34 arg1 Degradation 14:24 Physiological Degradation 0:24 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 0:161 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 27512402 6 80 from increase 1338:1345 arg1 time 1364:1367 the retention time 1350:1367 the retention time of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides 1350:1445 In addition, an overall increase in the retention time of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides in WSF and OSF was shown. 27512402 6 80 from increase 1338:1345 arg1 OSF 1458:1460 OSF 1458:1460 OSF 1458:1460 In addition, an overall increase in the retention time of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides in WSF and OSF was shown. 27512402 6 80 from increase 1338:1345 arg1 WSF 1450:1452 WSF 1450:1452 WSF 1450:1452 In addition, an overall increase in the retention time of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides in WSF and OSF was shown. 27512402 4 81 theme high 974:977 arg1 chromatography 1006:1019 high performance size exclusion chromatography 974:1019 high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively 974:1172 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 2 82 theme fractions 394:402 arg1 solubilization 330:343 polysaccharide solubilization 315:343 polysaccharide solubilization 315:343 However, the timeline on how papaya pectinases act in polysaccharide solubilization and the consequent modification of the cell wall fractions during ripening is still not clear. 27512402 2 82 theme fractions 394:402 arg1 modification 364:375 the consequent modification 349:375 the consequent modification of the cell wall fractions 349:402 However, the timeline on how papaya pectinases act in polysaccharide solubilization and the consequent modification of the cell wall fractions during ripening is still not clear. 27512402 6 83 theme weight 1418:1423 arg1 polysaccharides 1431:1445 high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides 1372:1445 high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides 1372:1445 In addition, an overall increase in the retention time of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides in WSF and OSF was shown. 27512402 4 84 theme WSF 942:944 arg1 fraction 946:953 the WSF fraction 938:953 the WSF fraction 938:953 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 2 85 theme cell 384:387 arg1 fractions 394:402 the cell wall fractions 380:402 the cell wall fractions 380:402 However, the timeline on how papaya pectinases act in polysaccharide solubilization and the consequent modification of the cell wall fractions during ripening is still not clear. 27512402 6 86 theme low 1404:1406 arg1 LMW 1426:1428 LMW 1426:1428 LMW 1426:1428 In addition, an overall increase in the retention time of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides in WSF and OSF was shown. 27512402 6 86 theme low 1404:1406 arg1 weight 1418:1423 low molecular weight 1404:1423 low molecular weight (LMW) 1404:1429 In addition, an overall increase in the retention time of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides in WSF and OSF was shown. 27512402 7 87 theme peak 1511:1514 arg1 disappearance 1486:1498 The apparent disappearance 1473:1498 The apparent disappearance of one HMW peak of the OSF 1473:1525 The apparent disappearance of one HMW peak of the OSF may result from the conversion of pectin that were crosslinked with calcium into more soluble forms through the action of PGs, which would increase the solubilization of polysaccharides by lowering their molecular weight. 27512402 4 88 theme molecular 767:775 arg1 distribution 782:793 the molecular mass distribution 763:793 the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively) 763:889 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 3 89 theme gene 458:461 arg1 correlations 474:485 the gene expression correlations 454:485 the gene expression correlations between, on one hand, 16 enzymes potentially acting during papaya cell wall disassembling and, on the other hand, the monosaccharide composition of cell wall fractions during papaya ripening 454:676 In this work, the gene expression correlations between, on one hand, 16 enzymes potentially acting during papaya cell wall disassembling and, on the other hand, the monosaccharide composition of cell wall fractions during papaya ripening were evaluated. 27512402 2 90 theme papaya 290:295 arg1 pectinases 297:306 papaya pectinases 290:306 papaya pectinases 290:306 However, the timeline on how papaya pectinases act in polysaccharide solubilization and the consequent modification of the cell wall fractions during ripening is still not clear. 27512402 5 91 theme β-galactosidase 1230:1244 arg1 genes 1246:1250 up-regulated polygalacturonase and β-galactosidase genes 1195:1250 up-regulated polygalacturonase and β-galactosidase genes 1195:1250 Results showed that up-regulated polygalacturonase and β-galactosidase genes were positively correlated with some monosaccharide profiles. 27512402 0 92 dep Degradation 14:24 arg1 Release 58:64 Release 58:64 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 0:161 Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. 27512402 4 93 theme refractive 1034:1043 arg1 detector 1051:1058 a refractive index detector 1032:1058 a refractive index detector 1032:1058 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 27512402 3 94 theme fractions 645:653 arg1 composition 620:630 the monosaccharide composition 601:630 the monosaccharide composition of cell wall fractions during papaya ripening 601:676 In this work, the gene expression correlations between, on one hand, 16 enzymes potentially acting during papaya cell wall disassembling and, on the other hand, the monosaccharide composition of cell wall fractions during papaya ripening were evaluated. 27512402 4 95 theme papaya 745:750 arg1 samplings 752:760 papaya samplings 745:760 papaya samplings 745:760 In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. 26918243 4 0 theme GAGs 587:590 arg1 isolation 574:582 isolation 574:582 isolation of GAGs from the heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) 574:640 In this study, we used a three-step recovery and purification scheme for isolation of GAGs from the heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). 26918243 5 1 theme GAGs 647:650 arg1 mg 678:679 6 to 7 mg 671:679 6 to 7 mg 671:679 The GAGs recovery yield was 6 to 7 mg from 1 gram of salmon head powder. 26918243 5 1 theme GAGs 647:650 arg1 yield 661:665 The GAGs recovery yield 643:665 The GAGs recovery yield 643:665 The GAGs recovery yield was 6 to 7 mg from 1 gram of salmon head powder. 26918243 5 2 from gram 688:691 arg1 mg 678:679 6 to 7 mg 671:679 6 to 7 mg 671:679 The GAGs recovery yield was 6 to 7 mg from 1 gram of salmon head powder. 26918243 5 2 from gram 688:691 arg1 yield 661:665 The GAGs recovery yield 643:665 The GAGs recovery yield 643:665 The GAGs recovery yield was 6 to 7 mg from 1 gram of salmon head powder. 26918243 0 3 theme salmon 82:87 arg1 heads 69:73 heads 69:73 heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) 69:108 Isolation and structural characterization of glycosaminoglycans from heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). 26918243 4 4 theme three-step 526:535 arg1 recovery 537:544 a three-step recovery 524:544 a three-step recovery 524:544 In this study, we used a three-step recovery and purification scheme for isolation of GAGs from the heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). 26918243 5 5 theme recovery 652:659 arg1 mg 678:679 6 to 7 mg 671:679 6 to 7 mg 671:679 The GAGs recovery yield was 6 to 7 mg from 1 gram of salmon head powder. 26918243 5 5 theme recovery 652:659 arg1 yield 661:665 The GAGs recovery yield 643:665 The GAGs recovery yield 643:665 The GAGs recovery yield was 6 to 7 mg from 1 gram of salmon head powder. 26918243 7 6 dep showed 925:930 arg1 sulfate 1002:1008 chondroitin sulfate C and E 990:1016 chondroitin sulfate C and E 990:1016 The analyses showed the major composition of the GAGs in red salmon head were chondroitin sulfate C and E. 26918243 5 7 theme salmon 696:701 arg1 powder 708:713 salmon head powder 696:713 salmon head powder 696:713 The GAGs recovery yield was 6 to 7 mg from 1 gram of salmon head powder. 26918243 2 8 theme pharmaceutical 300:313 arg1 industrials 344:354 pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials 300:354 pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials 300:354 They are ubiquitous molecules exhibiting a wide range of biological functions with numerous applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials. 26918243 7 9 from composition 942:952 arg1 head 980:983 red salmon head 969:983 red salmon head 969:983 The analyses showed the major composition of the GAGs in red salmon head were chondroitin sulfate C and E. 26918243 0 10 theme Oncorhynchus 90:101 arg1 salmon 82:87 red salmon 78:87 red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) 78:108 Isolation and structural characterization of glycosaminoglycans from heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). 26918243 0 10 theme Oncorhynchus 90:101 arg1 nerka 103:107 Oncorhynchus nerka 90:107 Oncorhynchus nerka 90:107 Isolation and structural characterization of glycosaminoglycans from heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). 26918243 0 11 from heads 69:73 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation and structural characterization of glycosaminoglycans from heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). 26918243 0 11 from heads 69:73 arg1 characterization 25:40 structural characterization 14:40 structural characterization 14:40 Isolation and structural characterization of glycosaminoglycans from heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). 26918243 7 12 theme red 969:971 arg1 head 980:983 red salmon head 969:983 red salmon head 969:983 The analyses showed the major composition of the GAGs in red salmon head were chondroitin sulfate C and E. 26918243 3 13 theme commercial 361:370 arg1 industry 388:395 The commercial fish-processing industry 357:395 The commercial fish-processing industry 357:395 The commercial fish-processing industry generates large quantities of solid waste, which can represent a potential resource for GAG production. 26918243 6 14 theme gel 782:784 arg1 electrophoresis 786:800 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 767:800 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 767:800 The recovered GAGs were structurally analyzed with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by disaccharide composition analysis with reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. 26918243 3 15 theme potential 462:470 arg1 resource 472:479 a potential resource 460:479 a potential resource for GAG production 460:498 The commercial fish-processing industry generates large quantities of solid waste, which can represent a potential resource for GAG production. 26918243 3 16 theme fish-processing 372:386 arg1 industry 388:395 The commercial fish-processing industry 357:395 The commercial fish-processing industry 357:395 The commercial fish-processing industry generates large quantities of solid waste, which can represent a potential resource for GAG production. 26918243 6 17 theme polyacrylamide 767:780 arg1 electrophoresis 786:800 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 767:800 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 767:800 The recovered GAGs were structurally analyzed with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by disaccharide composition analysis with reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. 26918243 2 18 theme numerous 275:282 arg1 applications 284:295 numerous applications 275:295 numerous applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials 275:354 They are ubiquitous molecules exhibiting a wide range of biological functions with numerous applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials. 26918243 5 19 theme powder 708:713 arg1 gram 688:691 1 gram 686:691 1 gram of salmon head powder 686:713 The GAGs recovery yield was 6 to 7 mg from 1 gram of salmon head powder. 26918243 3 20 theme solid 427:431 arg1 waste 433:437 solid waste 427:437 solid waste 427:437 The commercial fish-processing industry generates large quantities of solid waste, which can represent a potential resource for GAG production. 26918243 6 21 with analysis 834:841 arg1 chromatography 896:909 reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography 848:909 reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography 848:909 The recovered GAGs were structurally analyzed with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by disaccharide composition analysis with reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. 26918243 3 22 theme large 407:411 arg1 quantities 413:422 large quantities 407:422 large quantities 407:422 The commercial fish-processing industry generates large quantities of solid waste, which can represent a potential resource for GAG production. 26918243 7 23 theme salmon 973:978 arg1 head 980:983 red salmon head 969:983 red salmon head 969:983 The analyses showed the major composition of the GAGs in red salmon head were chondroitin sulfate C and E. 26918243 2 24 theme cosmetic 316:323 arg1 industrials 344:354 pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials 300:354 pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials 300:354 They are ubiquitous molecules exhibiting a wide range of biological functions with numerous applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials. 26918243 7 25 dep sulfate 1002:1008 arg1 C 1010:1010 C 1010:1010 C 1010:1010 The analyses showed the major composition of the GAGs in red salmon head were chondroitin sulfate C and E. 26918243 7 25 dep sulfate 1002:1008 arg1 E 1016:1016 E 1016:1016 E 1016:1016 The analyses showed the major composition of the GAGs in red salmon head were chondroitin sulfate C and E. 26918243 0 26 theme structural 14:23 arg1 characterization 25:40 structural characterization 14:40 structural characterization 14:40 Isolation and structural characterization of glycosaminoglycans from heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). 26918243 2 27 with range 240:244 arg1 applications 284:295 numerous applications 275:295 numerous applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials 275:354 They are ubiquitous molecules exhibiting a wide range of biological functions with numerous applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials. 26918243 6 28 theme liquid 889:894 arg1 chromatography 896:909 reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography 848:909 reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography 848:909 The recovered GAGs were structurally analyzed with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by disaccharide composition analysis with reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. 26918243 1 29 dep linear 141:146 arg1 charged 167:173 charged 167:173 charged 167:173 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear, highly negatively charged polysaccharides. 26918243 0 30 theme glycosaminoglycans 45:62 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation and structural characterization of glycosaminoglycans from heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). 26918243 0 30 theme glycosaminoglycans 45:62 arg1 characterization 25:40 structural characterization 14:40 structural characterization 14:40 Isolation and structural characterization of glycosaminoglycans from heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). 26918243 6 31 theme high-performance 872:887 arg1 chromatography 896:909 reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography 848:909 reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography 848:909 The recovered GAGs were structurally analyzed with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by disaccharide composition analysis with reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. 26918243 7 32 theme major 936:940 arg1 composition 942:952 the major composition 932:952 the major composition of the GAGs in red salmon head 932:983 The analyses showed the major composition of the GAGs in red salmon head were chondroitin sulfate C and E. 26918243 5 33 theme head 703:706 arg1 powder 708:713 salmon head powder 696:713 salmon head powder 696:713 The GAGs recovery yield was 6 to 7 mg from 1 gram of salmon head powder. 26918243 2 34 theme wide 235:238 arg1 range 240:244 a wide range 233:244 a wide range of biological functions with numerous applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials 233:354 They are ubiquitous molecules exhibiting a wide range of biological functions with numerous applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials. 26918243 3 35 theme GAG 485:487 arg1 production 489:498 GAG production 485:498 GAG production 485:498 The commercial fish-processing industry generates large quantities of solid waste, which can represent a potential resource for GAG production. 26918243 3 36 theme waste 433:437 arg1 quantities 413:422 large quantities 407:422 large quantities 407:422 The commercial fish-processing industry generates large quantities of solid waste, which can represent a potential resource for GAG production. 26918243 5 37 dep 7 676:676 arg1 to 673:674 to 673:674 to 673:674 The GAGs recovery yield was 6 to 7 mg from 1 gram of salmon head powder. 26918243 6 38 theme reversed-phase 848:861 arg1 chromatography 896:909 reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography 848:909 reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography 848:909 The recovered GAGs were structurally analyzed with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by disaccharide composition analysis with reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. 26918243 7 39 theme GAGs 961:964 arg1 composition 942:952 the major composition 932:952 the major composition of the GAGs in red salmon head 932:983 The analyses showed the major composition of the GAGs in red salmon head were chondroitin sulfate C and E. 26918243 6 40 theme recovered 720:728 arg1 GAGs 730:733 The recovered GAGs 716:733 The recovered GAGs 716:733 The recovered GAGs were structurally analyzed with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by disaccharide composition analysis with reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. 26918243 6 41 theme ion-pair 863:870 arg1 chromatography 896:909 reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography 848:909 reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography 848:909 The recovered GAGs were structurally analyzed with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by disaccharide composition analysis with reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. 26918243 2 42 from applications 284:295 arg1 industrials 344:354 pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials 300:354 pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials 300:354 They are ubiquitous molecules exhibiting a wide range of biological functions with numerous applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials. 26918243 4 43 theme purification 550:561 arg1 scheme 563:568 purification scheme 550:568 purification scheme 550:568 In this study, we used a three-step recovery and purification scheme for isolation of GAGs from the heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). 26918243 2 44 theme ubiquitous 201:210 arg1 They 192:195 They 192:195 They 192:195 They are ubiquitous molecules exhibiting a wide range of biological functions with numerous applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials. 26918243 2 44 theme ubiquitous 201:210 arg1 molecules 212:220 ubiquitous molecules 201:220 ubiquitous molecules exhibiting a wide range of biological functions with numerous applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials 201:354 They are ubiquitous molecules exhibiting a wide range of biological functions with numerous applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials. 26918243 4 45 theme salmon 614:619 arg1 heads 601:605 the heads 597:605 the heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) 597:640 In this study, we used a three-step recovery and purification scheme for isolation of GAGs from the heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). 26918243 6 46 theme composition 822:832 arg1 analysis 834:841 disaccharide composition analysis 809:841 disaccharide composition analysis with reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography 809:909 The recovered GAGs were structurally analyzed with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by disaccharide composition analysis with reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. 26918243 2 47 theme functions 260:268 arg1 range 240:244 a wide range 233:244 a wide range of biological functions with numerous applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials 233:354 They are ubiquitous molecules exhibiting a wide range of biological functions with numerous applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials. 26918243 2 48 theme nutraceutical 330:342 arg1 industrials 344:354 pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials 300:354 pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials 300:354 They are ubiquitous molecules exhibiting a wide range of biological functions with numerous applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials. 26918243 4 49 theme red 610:612 arg1 salmon 614:619 red salmon 610:619 red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) 610:640 In this study, we used a three-step recovery and purification scheme for isolation of GAGs from the heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). 26918243 4 49 theme red 610:612 arg1 nerka 635:639 Oncorhynchus nerka 622:639 Oncorhynchus nerka 622:639 In this study, we used a three-step recovery and purification scheme for isolation of GAGs from the heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). 26918243 0 50 theme red 78:80 arg1 salmon 82:87 red salmon 78:87 red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) 78:108 Isolation and structural characterization of glycosaminoglycans from heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). 26918243 0 50 theme red 78:80 arg1 nerka 103:107 Oncorhynchus nerka 90:107 Oncorhynchus nerka 90:107 Isolation and structural characterization of glycosaminoglycans from heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). 26918243 6 51 theme disaccharide 809:820 arg1 analysis 834:841 disaccharide composition analysis 809:841 disaccharide composition analysis with reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography 809:909 The recovered GAGs were structurally analyzed with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by disaccharide composition analysis with reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. 26918243 2 52 theme biological 249:258 arg1 functions 260:268 biological functions 249:268 biological functions 249:268 They are ubiquitous molecules exhibiting a wide range of biological functions with numerous applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industrials. 26918243 4 53 theme Oncorhynchus 622:633 arg1 salmon 614:619 red salmon 610:619 red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) 610:640 In this study, we used a three-step recovery and purification scheme for isolation of GAGs from the heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). 26918243 4 53 theme Oncorhynchus 622:633 arg1 nerka 635:639 Oncorhynchus nerka 622:639 Oncorhynchus nerka 622:639 In this study, we used a three-step recovery and purification scheme for isolation of GAGs from the heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). 26918243 4 54 used used 519:522 arg2 we 516:517 we 516:517 we 516:517 In this study, we used a three-step recovery and purification scheme for isolation of GAGs from the heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). 26918243 7 55 theme chondroitin 990:1000 arg1 sulfate 1002:1008 chondroitin sulfate C and E 990:1016 chondroitin sulfate C and E 990:1016 The analyses showed the major composition of the GAGs in red salmon head were chondroitin sulfate C and E. 26918243 1 56 theme linear 141:146 arg1 polysaccharides 175:189 linear, highly negatively charged polysaccharides 141:189 linear, highly negatively charged polysaccharides 141:189 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear, highly negatively charged polysaccharides. 26918243 1 56 theme linear 141:146 arg1 Glycosaminoglycans 111:128 Glycosaminoglycans 111:128 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 111:135 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear, highly negatively charged polysaccharides. 26918243 4 57 from heads 601:605 arg1 isolation 574:582 isolation 574:582 isolation of GAGs from the heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) 574:640 In this study, we used a three-step recovery and purification scheme for isolation of GAGs from the heads of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). 24611959 15 0 theme putative 1782:1789 arg1 functions 1791:1799 putative functions 1782:1799 putative functions 1782:1799 The rich chitinase activity with the isozyme profiles of the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains provide advancement in the study of fermentation and may play putative functions in the chitin bioconversion of sea crustacean foods. 24611959 15 1 theme chitinase 1624:1632 arg1 activity 1634:1641 The rich chitinase activity 1615:1641 The rich chitinase activity with the isozyme profiles of the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains 1615:1718 The rich chitinase activity with the isozyme profiles of the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains provide advancement in the study of fermentation and may play putative functions in the chitin bioconversion of sea crustacean foods. 24611959 10 2 theme fatty 1211:1215 arg1 analysis 1222:1229 Cellular fatty acid analysis 1202:1229 Cellular fatty acid analysis 1202:1229 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed that iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0 are the major acids in strain SCH-1 and SCH-2, respectively. 24611959 12 3 theme Bacillus 1459:1466 arg1 sp 1468:1469 Bacillus sp 1459:1469 Bacillus sp 1459:1469 Chitinase isozymes of Bacillus sp. 24611959 9 4 theme source 1183:1188 arg1 glucosamine 1139:1149 N-acetyl glucosamine 1130:1149 N-acetyl glucosamine 1130:1149 Furthermore, the SCH-1 strain could use glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine, esculin, and maltose as carbon source substrates. 24611959 9 4 theme source 1183:1188 arg1 glucose 1121:1127 glucose 1121:1127 glucose 1121:1127 Furthermore, the SCH-1 strain could use glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine, esculin, and maltose as carbon source substrates. 24611959 9 4 theme source 1183:1188 arg1 substrates 1190:1199 carbon source substrates 1176:1199 carbon source substrates 1176:1199 Furthermore, the SCH-1 strain could use glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine, esculin, and maltose as carbon source substrates. 24611959 9 4 theme source 1183:1188 arg1 esculin 1152:1158 esculin 1152:1158 esculin 1152:1158 Furthermore, the SCH-1 strain could use glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine, esculin, and maltose as carbon source substrates. 24611959 9 4 theme source 1183:1188 arg1 maltose 1165:1171 maltose 1165:1171 maltose 1165:1171 Furthermore, the SCH-1 strain could use glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine, esculin, and maltose as carbon source substrates. 24611959 10 5 theme major 1279:1283 arg1 anteiso-C15:0 1257:1269 anteiso-C15:0 1257:1269 anteiso-C15:0 1257:1269 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed that iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0 are the major acids in strain SCH-1 and SCH-2, respectively. 24611959 10 5 theme major 1279:1283 arg1 iso-C15:0 1243:1251 iso-C15:0 1243:1251 iso-C15:0 1243:1251 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed that iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0 are the major acids in strain SCH-1 and SCH-2, respectively. 24611959 10 5 theme major 1279:1283 arg1 acids 1285:1289 the major acids 1275:1289 the major acids in strain SCH-1 and SCH-2, respectively 1275:1329 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed that iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0 are the major acids in strain SCH-1 and SCH-2, respectively. 24611959 15 6 theme fermentation 1756:1767 arg1 advancement 1728:1738 advancement 1728:1738 advancement in the study of fermentation 1728:1767 The rich chitinase activity with the isozyme profiles of the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains provide advancement in the study of fermentation and may play putative functions in the chitin bioconversion of sea crustacean foods. 24611959 11 7 theme SCH-1 1336:1340 arg1 strain 1342:1347 The SCH-1 strain 1332:1347 The SCH-1 strain 1332:1347 The SCH-1 strain showed a higher chitinase activity at 15.71 unit/mg protein compared with SCH-2 strain. 24611959 2 8 theme pharmaceutical 309:322 arg1 industries 324:333 food and pharmaceutical industries 300:333 food and pharmaceutical industries 300:333 The biological applications of these enzymes have been exploited in food and pharmaceutical industries. 24611959 8 9 theme % 1031:1031 arg1 identity 1014:1021 an identity 1011:1021 an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882) 1011:1078 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 4 10 theme peritrichous 660:671 arg1 flagella 673:680 peritrichous flagella 660:680 peritrichous flagella 660:680 The isolated strains- SCH-1 and SCH-2 were Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming facultative anaerobes, with strain SCH-2 showing peritrichous flagella. 24611959 15 11 theme crustacean 1836:1845 arg1 foods 1847:1851 sea crustacean foods 1832:1851 sea crustacean foods 1832:1851 The rich chitinase activity with the isozyme profiles of the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains provide advancement in the study of fermentation and may play putative functions in the chitin bioconversion of sea crustacean foods. 24611959 13 12 contain having 1502:1507 arg2 sizes 1509:1513 sizes 1509:1513 sizes of 41 and 50 kDa 1509:1530 SCH-1was expressed as 2 bands having sizes of 41 and 50 kDa, and as 4 bands with sizes of 30, 37, 45.7, and 50 kDa in Paenibacillus sp. 24611959 13 12 contain having 1502:1507 arg1 bands 1496:1500 2 bands 1494:1500 2 bands having sizes of 41 and 50 kDa 1494:1530 SCH-1was expressed as 2 bands having sizes of 41 and 50 kDa, and as 4 bands with sizes of 30, 37, 45.7, and 50 kDa in Paenibacillus sp. 24611959 2 13 theme food 300:303 arg1 industries 324:333 food and pharmaceutical industries 300:333 food and pharmaceutical industries 300:333 The biological applications of these enzymes have been exploited in food and pharmaceutical industries. 24611959 1 14 theme wide 208:211 arg1 range 213:217 a wide range 206:217 a wide range of bacteria 206:229 Chitinases catalyze the conversion of chitin and are produced by a wide range of bacteria. 24611959 10 15 from acids 1285:1289 arg1 SCH-2 1311:1315 SCH-2 1311:1315 SCH-2 1311:1315 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed that iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0 are the major acids in strain SCH-1 and SCH-2, respectively. 24611959 10 15 from acids 1285:1289 arg1 SCH-1 1301:1305 strain SCH-1 1294:1305 strain SCH-1 1294:1305 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed that iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0 are the major acids in strain SCH-1 and SCH-2, respectively. 24611959 11 16 theme higher 1358:1363 arg1 activity 1375:1382 a higher chitinase activity 1356:1382 a higher chitinase activity 1356:1382 The SCH-1 strain showed a higher chitinase activity at 15.71 unit/mg protein compared with SCH-2 strain. 24611959 15 17 theme chitin 1808:1813 arg1 bioconversion 1815:1827 the chitin bioconversion 1804:1827 the chitin bioconversion of sea crustacean foods 1804:1851 The rich chitinase activity with the isozyme profiles of the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains provide advancement in the study of fermentation and may play putative functions in the chitin bioconversion of sea crustacean foods. 24611959 5 18 theme rRNA 721:724 arg1 gene 726:729 the 16S rRNA gene 713:729 the 16S rRNA gene 713:729 Molecular characterization of the 16S rRNA gene identified the strains SCH-1 and SCH-2 as Bacillus sp. 24611959 8 19 theme subsequent 860:869 arg1 analysis 884:891 subsequent phylogenetic analysis 860:891 subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 860:907 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 2 20 theme enzymes 269:275 arg1 applications 247:258 The biological applications 232:258 The biological applications of these enzymes 232:275 The biological applications of these enzymes have been exploited in food and pharmaceutical industries. 24611959 9 21 theme carbon 1176:1181 arg1 glucosamine 1139:1149 N-acetyl glucosamine 1130:1149 N-acetyl glucosamine 1130:1149 Furthermore, the SCH-1 strain could use glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine, esculin, and maltose as carbon source substrates. 24611959 9 21 theme carbon 1176:1181 arg1 glucose 1121:1127 glucose 1121:1127 glucose 1121:1127 Furthermore, the SCH-1 strain could use glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine, esculin, and maltose as carbon source substrates. 24611959 9 21 theme carbon 1176:1181 arg1 substrates 1190:1199 carbon source substrates 1176:1199 carbon source substrates 1176:1199 Furthermore, the SCH-1 strain could use glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine, esculin, and maltose as carbon source substrates. 24611959 9 21 theme carbon 1176:1181 arg1 esculin 1152:1158 esculin 1152:1158 esculin 1152:1158 Furthermore, the SCH-1 strain could use glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine, esculin, and maltose as carbon source substrates. 24611959 9 21 theme carbon 1176:1181 arg1 maltose 1165:1171 maltose 1165:1171 maltose 1165:1171 Furthermore, the SCH-1 strain could use glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine, esculin, and maltose as carbon source substrates. 24611959 15 22 theme Bacillus 1685:1692 arg1 strains 1712:1718 the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains 1672:1718 the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains 1672:1718 The rich chitinase activity with the isozyme profiles of the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains provide advancement in the study of fermentation and may play putative functions in the chitin bioconversion of sea crustacean foods. 24611959 8 23 with identity 1014:1021 arg1 NR_040882 1069:1077 NR_040882 1069:1077 NR_040882 1069:1077 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 8 23 with identity 1014:1021 arg1 9073 1063:1066 Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 1038:1066 Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882) 1038:1078 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 8 24 theme Basic 822:826 arg1 Alignment 834:842 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 822:907 Alignment 834:842 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 2 25 theme biological 236:245 arg1 applications 247:258 The biological applications 232:258 The biological applications of these enzymes 232:275 The biological applications of these enzymes have been exploited in food and pharmaceutical industries. 24611959 8 26 theme strain 896:901 arg1 SCH-1 903:907 strain SCH-1 896:907 strain SCH-1 896:907 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 13 27 from bands 1496:1500 arg1 sp 1604:1605 Paenibacillus sp 1590:1605 Paenibacillus sp 1590:1605 SCH-1was expressed as 2 bands having sizes of 41 and 50 kDa, and as 4 bands with sizes of 30, 37, 45.7, and 50 kDa in Paenibacillus sp. 24611959 0 28 theme salted 94:99 arg1 shrimp 115:120 salted and fermented shrimp 94:120 salted and fermented shrimp 94:120 Isolation and characterization of chitinase-producing Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains from salted and fermented shrimp, Acetes japonicus. 24611959 8 29 theme Paenibacillus 1038:1050 arg1 NR_040882 1069:1077 NR_040882 1069:1077 NR_040882 1069:1077 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 8 29 theme Paenibacillus 1038:1050 arg1 9073 1063:1066 Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 1038:1066 Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882) 1038:1078 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 1 30 theme chitin 179:184 arg1 conversion 165:174 the conversion 161:174 the conversion of chitin 161:184 Chitinases catalyze the conversion of chitin and are produced by a wide range of bacteria. 24611959 3 31 theme novel 381:385 arg1 strains 387:393 2 halophilic chitinase-producing novel strains 348:393 2 halophilic chitinase-producing novel strains of bacteria-SCH-1 and SCH-2 348:421 We isolated 2 halophilic chitinase-producing novel strains of bacteria-SCH-1 and SCH-2 from Saeu-jeot, a traditional Korean salted and fermented food made with shrimp (Acetes japonicus). 24611959 0 32 theme fermented 105:113 arg1 shrimp 115:120 salted and fermented shrimp 94:120 salted and fermented shrimp 94:120 Isolation and characterization of chitinase-producing Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains from salted and fermented shrimp, Acetes japonicus. 24611959 8 33 theme JCM 1059:1061 arg1 NR_040882 1069:1077 NR_040882 1069:1077 NR_040882 1069:1077 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 8 33 theme JCM 1059:1061 arg1 9073 1063:1066 Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 1038:1066 Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882) 1038:1078 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 3 34 theme halophilic 350:359 arg1 strains 387:393 2 halophilic chitinase-producing novel strains 348:393 2 halophilic chitinase-producing novel strains of bacteria-SCH-1 and SCH-2 348:421 We isolated 2 halophilic chitinase-producing novel strains of bacteria-SCH-1 and SCH-2 from Saeu-jeot, a traditional Korean salted and fermented food made with shrimp (Acetes japonicus). 24611959 4 35 dep Gram-positive 566:578 arg1 endospore-forming 593:609 endospore-forming 593:609 endospore-forming 593:609 The isolated strains- SCH-1 and SCH-2 were Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming facultative anaerobes, with strain SCH-2 showing peritrichous flagella. 24611959 4 35 dep Gram-positive 566:578 arg1 rod-shaped 581:590 rod-shaped 581:590 rod-shaped 581:590 The isolated strains- SCH-1 and SCH-2 were Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming facultative anaerobes, with strain SCH-2 showing peritrichous flagella. 24611959 9 36 theme SCH-1 1098:1102 arg1 strain 1104:1109 the SCH-1 strain 1094:1109 the SCH-1 strain 1094:1109 Furthermore, the SCH-1 strain could use glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine, esculin, and maltose as carbon source substrates. 24611959 3 37 theme traditional 441:451 arg1 salted 460:465 a traditional Korean salted 439:465 a traditional Korean salted 439:465 We isolated 2 halophilic chitinase-producing novel strains of bacteria-SCH-1 and SCH-2 from Saeu-jeot, a traditional Korean salted and fermented food made with shrimp (Acetes japonicus). 24611959 13 38 with bands 1542:1546 arg1 sizes 1553:1557 sizes 1553:1557 sizes of 30, 37, 45.7, and 50 kDa 1553:1585 SCH-1was expressed as 2 bands having sizes of 41 and 50 kDa, and as 4 bands with sizes of 30, 37, 45.7, and 50 kDa in Paenibacillus sp. 24611959 15 39 theme Paenibacillus 1698:1710 arg1 strains 1712:1718 the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains 1672:1718 the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains 1672:1718 The rich chitinase activity with the isozyme profiles of the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains provide advancement in the study of fermentation and may play putative functions in the chitin bioconversion of sea crustacean foods. 24611959 3 40 theme fermented 471:479 arg1 food 481:484 fermented food 471:484 fermented food 471:484 We isolated 2 halophilic chitinase-producing novel strains of bacteria-SCH-1 and SCH-2 from Saeu-jeot, a traditional Korean salted and fermented food made with shrimp (Acetes japonicus). 24611959 4 41 theme strains- 536:543 arg1 anaerobes 623:631 Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming facultative anaerobes 566:631 Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming facultative anaerobes 566:631 The isolated strains- SCH-1 and SCH-2 were Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming facultative anaerobes, with strain SCH-2 showing peritrichous flagella. 24611959 4 41 theme strains- 536:543 arg1 SCH-1 545:549 The isolated strains- SCH-1 523:549 The isolated strains- SCH-1 523:549 The isolated strains- SCH-1 and SCH-2 were Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming facultative anaerobes, with strain SCH-2 showing peritrichous flagella. 24611959 9 42 theme N-acetyl 1130:1137 arg1 glucosamine 1139:1149 N-acetyl glucosamine 1130:1149 N-acetyl glucosamine 1130:1149 Furthermore, the SCH-1 strain could use glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine, esculin, and maltose as carbon source substrates. 24611959 9 42 theme N-acetyl 1130:1137 arg1 glucose 1121:1127 glucose 1121:1127 glucose 1121:1127 Furthermore, the SCH-1 strain could use glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine, esculin, and maltose as carbon source substrates. 24611959 9 42 theme N-acetyl 1130:1137 arg1 substrates 1190:1199 carbon source substrates 1176:1199 carbon source substrates 1176:1199 Furthermore, the SCH-1 strain could use glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine, esculin, and maltose as carbon source substrates. 24611959 9 42 theme N-acetyl 1130:1137 arg1 esculin 1152:1158 esculin 1152:1158 esculin 1152:1158 Furthermore, the SCH-1 strain could use glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine, esculin, and maltose as carbon source substrates. 24611959 9 42 theme N-acetyl 1130:1137 arg1 maltose 1165:1171 maltose 1165:1171 maltose 1165:1171 Furthermore, the SCH-1 strain could use glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine, esculin, and maltose as carbon source substrates. 24611959 1 43 theme bacteria 222:229 arg1 range 213:217 a wide range 206:217 a wide range of bacteria 206:229 Chitinases catalyze the conversion of chitin and are produced by a wide range of bacteria. 24611959 8 44 theme strain 991:996 arg1 SCH-2 998:1002 strain SCH-2 991:1002 strain SCH-2 991:1002 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 4 45 theme strain 639:644 arg1 SCH-2 646:650 strain SCH-2 639:650 strain SCH-2 showing peritrichous flagella 639:680 The isolated strains- SCH-1 and SCH-2 were Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming facultative anaerobes, with strain SCH-2 showing peritrichous flagella. 24611959 11 46 theme chitinase 1365:1373 arg1 activity 1375:1382 a higher chitinase activity 1356:1382 a higher chitinase activity 1356:1382 The SCH-1 strain showed a higher chitinase activity at 15.71 unit/mg protein compared with SCH-2 strain. 24611959 5 47 theme Molecular 683:691 arg1 characterization 693:708 Molecular characterization 683:708 Molecular characterization of the 16S rRNA gene 683:729 Molecular characterization of the 16S rRNA gene identified the strains SCH-1 and SCH-2 as Bacillus sp. 24611959 10 48 theme acid 1217:1220 arg1 analysis 1222:1229 Cellular fatty acid analysis 1202:1229 Cellular fatty acid analysis 1202:1229 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed that iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0 are the major acids in strain SCH-1 and SCH-2, respectively. 24611959 12 49 theme sp 1468:1469 arg1 isozymes 1447:1454 Chitinase isozymes 1437:1454 Chitinase isozymes of Bacillus sp 1437:1469 Chitinase isozymes of Bacillus sp. 24611959 8 50 dep Bacillus 943:950 arg1 cereus 952:957 cereus 952:957 cereus 952:957 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 10 51 theme Cellular 1202:1209 arg1 analysis 1222:1229 Cellular fatty acid analysis 1202:1229 Cellular fatty acid analysis 1202:1229 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed that iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0 are the major acids in strain SCH-1 and SCH-2, respectively. 24611959 6 52 theme Paenibacillus 790:802 arg1 sp 804:805 Paenibacillus sp 790:805 Paenibacillus sp 790:805 and Paenibacillus sp. 24611959 4 53 theme facultative 611:621 arg1 anaerobes 623:631 Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming facultative anaerobes 566:631 Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming facultative anaerobes 566:631 The isolated strains- SCH-1 and SCH-2 were Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming facultative anaerobes, with strain SCH-2 showing peritrichous flagella. 24611959 4 53 theme facultative 611:621 arg1 SCH-1 545:549 The isolated strains- SCH-1 523:549 The isolated strains- SCH-1 523:549 The isolated strains- SCH-1 and SCH-2 were Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming facultative anaerobes, with strain SCH-2 showing peritrichous flagella. 24611959 11 54 theme unit/mg 1393:1399 arg1 protein 1401:1407 15.71 unit/mg protein 1387:1407 15.71 unit/mg protein 1387:1407 The SCH-1 strain showed a higher chitinase activity at 15.71 unit/mg protein compared with SCH-2 strain. 24611959 15 55 theme rich 1619:1622 arg1 activity 1634:1641 The rich chitinase activity 1615:1641 The rich chitinase activity with the isozyme profiles of the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains 1615:1718 The rich chitinase activity with the isozyme profiles of the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains provide advancement in the study of fermentation and may play putative functions in the chitin bioconversion of sea crustacean foods. 24611959 12 56 theme Chitinase 1437:1445 arg1 isozymes 1447:1454 Chitinase isozymes 1437:1454 Chitinase isozymes of Bacillus sp 1437:1469 Chitinase isozymes of Bacillus sp. 24611959 15 57 from advancement 1728:1738 arg1 study 1747:1751 the study 1743:1751 the study 1743:1751 The rich chitinase activity with the isozyme profiles of the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains provide advancement in the study of fermentation and may play putative functions in the chitin bioconversion of sea crustacean foods. 24611959 15 58 theme foods 1847:1851 arg1 bioconversion 1815:1827 the chitin bioconversion 1804:1827 the chitin bioconversion of sea crustacean foods 1804:1851 The rich chitinase activity with the isozyme profiles of the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains provide advancement in the study of fermentation and may play putative functions in the chitin bioconversion of sea crustacean foods. 24611959 15 59 theme sea 1832:1834 arg1 foods 1847:1851 sea crustacean foods 1832:1851 sea crustacean foods 1832:1851 The rich chitinase activity with the isozyme profiles of the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains provide advancement in the study of fermentation and may play putative functions in the chitin bioconversion of sea crustacean foods. 24611959 13 60 theme kDa 1528:1530 arg1 sizes 1509:1513 sizes 1509:1513 sizes of 41 and 50 kDa 1509:1530 SCH-1was expressed as 2 bands having sizes of 41 and 50 kDa, and as 4 bands with sizes of 30, 37, 45.7, and 50 kDa in Paenibacillus sp. 24611959 5 61 theme 16S 717:719 arg1 gene 726:729 the 16S rRNA gene 713:729 the 16S rRNA gene 713:729 Molecular characterization of the 16S rRNA gene identified the strains SCH-1 and SCH-2 as Bacillus sp. 24611959 15 62 theme isolated 1676:1683 arg1 strains 1712:1718 the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains 1672:1718 the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains 1672:1718 The rich chitinase activity with the isozyme profiles of the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains provide advancement in the study of fermentation and may play putative functions in the chitin bioconversion of sea crustacean foods. 24611959 5 63 theme gene 726:729 arg1 characterization 693:708 Molecular characterization 683:708 Molecular characterization of the 16S rRNA gene 683:729 Molecular characterization of the 16S rRNA gene identified the strains SCH-1 and SCH-2 as Bacillus sp. 24611959 4 64 with anaerobes 623:631 arg1 SCH-2 646:650 strain SCH-2 639:650 strain SCH-2 showing peritrichous flagella 639:680 The isolated strains- SCH-1 and SCH-2 were Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming facultative anaerobes, with strain SCH-2 showing peritrichous flagella. 24611959 0 65 from shrimp 115:120 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Isolation and characterization of chitinase-producing Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains from salted and fermented shrimp, Acetes japonicus. 24611959 0 65 from shrimp 115:120 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation and characterization of chitinase-producing Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains from salted and fermented shrimp, Acetes japonicus. 24611959 0 65 from shrimp 115:120 arg1 japonicus 130:138 Acetes japonicus 123:138 Acetes japonicus 123:138 Isolation and characterization of chitinase-producing Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains from salted and fermented shrimp, Acetes japonicus. 24611959 8 66 theme phylogenetic 871:882 arg1 analysis 884:891 subsequent phylogenetic analysis 860:891 subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 860:907 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 15 67 theme isozyme 1652:1658 arg1 profiles 1660:1667 the isozyme profiles 1648:1667 the isozyme profiles of the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains 1648:1718 The rich chitinase activity with the isozyme profiles of the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains provide advancement in the study of fermentation and may play putative functions in the chitin bioconversion of sea crustacean foods. 24611959 8 68 theme lautus 1052:1057 arg1 NR_040882 1069:1077 NR_040882 1069:1077 NR_040882 1069:1077 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 8 68 theme lautus 1052:1057 arg1 9073 1063:1066 Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 1038:1066 Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882) 1038:1078 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 5 69 dep strains 746:752 arg1 strains 746:752 the strains SCH-1 and SCH-2 742:768 the strains SCH-1 and SCH-2 742:768 Molecular characterization of the 16S rRNA gene identified the strains SCH-1 and SCH-2 as Bacillus sp. 24611959 5 69 dep strains 746:752 arg1 SCH-2 764:768 SCH-2 764:768 SCH-2 764:768 Molecular characterization of the 16S rRNA gene identified the strains SCH-1 and SCH-2 as Bacillus sp. 24611959 5 69 dep strains 746:752 arg1 SCH-1 754:758 SCH-1 754:758 SCH-1 754:758 Molecular characterization of the 16S rRNA gene identified the strains SCH-1 and SCH-2 as Bacillus sp. 24611959 4 70 theme isolated 527:534 arg1 anaerobes 623:631 Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming facultative anaerobes 566:631 Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming facultative anaerobes 566:631 The isolated strains- SCH-1 and SCH-2 were Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming facultative anaerobes, with strain SCH-2 showing peritrichous flagella. 24611959 4 70 theme isolated 527:534 arg1 SCH-1 545:549 The isolated strains- SCH-1 523:549 The isolated strains- SCH-1 523:549 The isolated strains- SCH-1 and SCH-2 were Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming facultative anaerobes, with strain SCH-2 showing peritrichous flagella. 24611959 8 71 theme Local 828:832 arg1 Alignment 834:842 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 822:907 Alignment 834:842 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 3 72 dep shrimp 496:501 arg1 japonicus 511:519 Acetes japonicus 504:519 Acetes japonicus 504:519 We isolated 2 halophilic chitinase-producing novel strains of bacteria-SCH-1 and SCH-2 from Saeu-jeot, a traditional Korean salted and fermented food made with shrimp (Acetes japonicus). 24611959 8 73 theme SCH-1 903:907 arg1 Alignment 834:842 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 822:907 Alignment 834:842 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 8 73 theme SCH-1 903:907 arg1 analysis 884:891 subsequent phylogenetic analysis 860:891 subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 860:907 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 10 74 theme strain 1294:1299 arg1 SCH-1 1301:1305 strain SCH-1 1294:1305 strain SCH-1 1294:1305 Cellular fatty acid analysis showed that iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0 are the major acids in strain SCH-1 and SCH-2, respectively. 24611959 8 75 theme Search 844:849 arg1 Tool 851:854 Search Tool 844:854 Search Tool 844:854 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 5 76 theme Bacillus 773:780 arg1 sp 782:783 Bacillus sp 773:783 Bacillus sp 773:783 Molecular characterization of the 16S rRNA gene identified the strains SCH-1 and SCH-2 as Bacillus sp. 24611959 3 77 theme chitinase-producing 361:379 arg1 strains 387:393 2 halophilic chitinase-producing novel strains 348:393 2 halophilic chitinase-producing novel strains of bacteria-SCH-1 and SCH-2 348:421 We isolated 2 halophilic chitinase-producing novel strains of bacteria-SCH-1 and SCH-2 from Saeu-jeot, a traditional Korean salted and fermented food made with shrimp (Acetes japonicus). 24611959 11 78 theme SCH-2 1423:1427 arg1 strain 1429:1434 SCH-2 strain 1423:1434 SCH-2 strain 1423:1434 The SCH-1 strain showed a higher chitinase activity at 15.71 unit/mg protein compared with SCH-2 strain. 24611959 3 79 theme SCH-2 417:421 arg1 strains 387:393 2 halophilic chitinase-producing novel strains 348:393 2 halophilic chitinase-producing novel strains of bacteria-SCH-1 and SCH-2 348:421 We isolated 2 halophilic chitinase-producing novel strains of bacteria-SCH-1 and SCH-2 from Saeu-jeot, a traditional Korean salted and fermented food made with shrimp (Acetes japonicus). 24611959 4 80 theme Gram-positive 566:578 arg1 anaerobes 623:631 Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming facultative anaerobes 566:631 Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming facultative anaerobes 566:631 The isolated strains- SCH-1 and SCH-2 were Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming facultative anaerobes, with strain SCH-2 showing peritrichous flagella. 24611959 4 80 theme Gram-positive 566:578 arg1 SCH-1 545:549 The isolated strains- SCH-1 523:549 The isolated strains- SCH-1 523:549 The isolated strains- SCH-1 and SCH-2 were Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming facultative anaerobes, with strain SCH-2 showing peritrichous flagella. 24611959 15 81 theme strains 1712:1718 arg1 profiles 1660:1667 the isozyme profiles 1648:1667 the isozyme profiles of the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains 1648:1718 The rich chitinase activity with the isozyme profiles of the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains provide advancement in the study of fermentation and may play putative functions in the chitin bioconversion of sea crustacean foods. 24611959 3 82 theme Korean 453:458 arg1 salted 460:465 a traditional Korean salted 439:465 a traditional Korean salted 439:465 We isolated 2 halophilic chitinase-producing novel strains of bacteria-SCH-1 and SCH-2 from Saeu-jeot, a traditional Korean salted and fermented food made with shrimp (Acetes japonicus). 24611959 8 83 theme % 936:936 arg1 identity 919:926 an identity 916:926 an identity of 97.83% 916:936 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 3 84 theme bacteria-SCH-1 398:411 arg1 strains 387:393 2 halophilic chitinase-producing novel strains 348:393 2 halophilic chitinase-producing novel strains of bacteria-SCH-1 and SCH-2 348:421 We isolated 2 halophilic chitinase-producing novel strains of bacteria-SCH-1 and SCH-2 from Saeu-jeot, a traditional Korean salted and fermented food made with shrimp (Acetes japonicus). 24611959 13 85 theme kDa 1583:1585 arg1 sizes 1553:1557 sizes 1553:1557 sizes of 30, 37, 45.7, and 50 kDa 1553:1585 SCH-1was expressed as 2 bands having sizes of 41 and 50 kDa, and as 4 bands with sizes of 30, 37, 45.7, and 50 kDa in Paenibacillus sp. 24611959 0 86 theme Bacillus 54:61 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Isolation and characterization of chitinase-producing Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains from salted and fermented shrimp, Acetes japonicus. 24611959 0 86 theme Bacillus 54:61 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation and characterization of chitinase-producing Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains from salted and fermented shrimp, Acetes japonicus. 24611959 0 86 theme Bacillus 54:61 arg1 japonicus 130:138 Acetes japonicus 123:138 Acetes japonicus 123:138 Isolation and characterization of chitinase-producing Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains from salted and fermented shrimp, Acetes japonicus. 24611959 8 87 theme Bacillus 943:950 arg1 14579 964:968 Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540) 943:980 Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540) 943:980 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 13 88 theme Paenibacillus 1590:1602 arg1 sp 1604:1605 Paenibacillus sp 1590:1605 Paenibacillus sp 1590:1605 SCH-1was expressed as 2 bands having sizes of 41 and 50 kDa, and as 4 bands with sizes of 30, 37, 45.7, and 50 kDa in Paenibacillus sp. 24611959 8 89 dep showed 909:914 arg1 whereas 983:989 whereas 983:989 whereas 983:989 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 0 90 theme Paenibacillus 67:79 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Isolation and characterization of chitinase-producing Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains from salted and fermented shrimp, Acetes japonicus. 24611959 0 90 theme Paenibacillus 67:79 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation and characterization of chitinase-producing Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains from salted and fermented shrimp, Acetes japonicus. 24611959 0 90 theme Paenibacillus 67:79 arg1 japonicus 130:138 Acetes japonicus 123:138 Acetes japonicus 123:138 Isolation and characterization of chitinase-producing Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains from salted and fermented shrimp, Acetes japonicus. 24611959 0 91 dep Bacillus 54:61 arg1 strains 81:87 strains 81:87 strains 81:87 Isolation and characterization of chitinase-producing Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains from salted and fermented shrimp, Acetes japonicus. 24611959 8 92 theme ATCC 959:962 arg1 14579 964:968 Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540) 943:980 Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540) 943:980 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 24611959 15 93 with activity 1634:1641 arg1 profiles 1660:1667 the isozyme profiles 1648:1667 the isozyme profiles of the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains 1648:1718 The rich chitinase activity with the isozyme profiles of the isolated Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains provide advancement in the study of fermentation and may play putative functions in the chitin bioconversion of sea crustacean foods. 24611959 8 94 dep Alignment 834:842 arg1 Tool 851:854 Search Tool 844:854 Search Tool 844:854 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain SCH-1 showed an identity of 97.83% with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (NR_074540), whereas strain SCH-2 showed an identity of 99.16% with Paenibacillus lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882). 26114238 2 0 theme metabolic 356:364 arg1 endotoxemia 366:376 metabolic endotoxemia 356:376 metabolic endotoxemia 356:376 Given that metabolic endotoxemia is thought to initiate high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance, we explored the association between sCD14 concentrations and insulin sensitivity in humans. 26114238 9 1 theme circulating 1572:1582 arg1 concentrations 1590:1603 circulating sCD14 concentrations 1572:1603 circulating sCD14 concentrations 1572:1603 CONCLUSION These findings suggest that circulating sCD14 concentrations, through its compensatory (in non-obese subjects) or buffering role (in morbidly obese subjects), could exert an important role in modulating insulin sensitivity. 26114238 3 2 theme = 576:576 arg1 n 574:574 n = 12 574:579 n = 12 574:579 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 1 3 theme -induced 262:269 arg1 inflammation 280:291 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation 238:291 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation 238:291 SCOPE In experimental studies, moderate to high concentrations of sCD14 (serum cluster of differentiation 14 protein) prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation, while low concentrations may promote inflammation. 26114238 3 4 dep non-obese 563:571 arg1 n 574:574 n = 12 574:579 n = 12 574:579 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 6 5 theme cell 1112:1115 arg1 count 1117:1121 white blood cell count 1100:1121 white blood cell count 1100:1121 Circulating sCD14 concentrations were positively associated with percent body fat, waist circumference and white blood cell count and negatively associated with insulin sensitivity. 26114238 1 6 theme sCD14 178:182 arg1 concentrations 160:173 high concentrations 155:173 high concentrations of sCD14 (serum cluster of differentiation 14 protein) 155:228 SCOPE In experimental studies, moderate to high concentrations of sCD14 (serum cluster of differentiation 14 protein) prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation, while low concentrations may promote inflammation. 26114238 6 7 theme white 1100:1104 arg1 count 1117:1121 white blood cell count 1100:1121 white blood cell count 1100:1121 Circulating sCD14 concentrations were positively associated with percent body fat, waist circumference and white blood cell count and negatively associated with insulin sensitivity. 26114238 1 8 theme serum 185:189 arg1 cluster 191:197 serum cluster 185:197 serum cluster of differentiation 14 protein 185:227 SCOPE In experimental studies, moderate to high concentrations of sCD14 (serum cluster of differentiation 14 protein) prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation, while low concentrations may promote inflammation. 26114238 4 9 theme Circulating 840:850 arg1 concentrations 858:871 Circulating sCD14 concentrations 840:871 Circulating sCD14 concentrations 840:871 Circulating sCD14 concentrations were measured by ELISA. 26114238 3 10 theme BMI 669:671 arg1 ± 676:676 BMI 45 ± 7 669:678 BMI 45 ± 7 669:678 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 8 11 theme = 1385:1385 arg1 r 1383:1383 r 1383:1383 r = 0.49 1383:1390 In regression analysis, insulin sensitivity (r = 0.52, p = 0.004) and fasting triglycerides (r = 0.49, p = 0.005) contributed independently to circulating sCD14 variance after controlling for age, sex and BMI in these morbidly obese subjects. 26114238 1 12 theme experimental 121:132 arg1 studies 134:140 experimental studies 121:140 experimental studies 121:140 SCOPE In experimental studies, moderate to high concentrations of sCD14 (serum cluster of differentiation 14 protein) prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation, while low concentrations may promote inflammation. 26114238 3 13 theme hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic 764:790 arg1 clamp 792:796 a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp 762:796 a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp 762:796 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 6 14 theme insulin 1154:1160 arg1 sensitivity 1162:1172 insulin sensitivity 1154:1172 insulin sensitivity 1154:1172 Circulating sCD14 concentrations were positively associated with percent body fat, waist circumference and white blood cell count and negatively associated with insulin sensitivity. 26114238 3 15 theme = 605:605 arg1 n 603:603 n = 11 603:608 n = 11 603:608 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 3 16 theme body 706:709 arg1 absorptiometry 742:755 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 724:755 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 724:755 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 3 16 theme body 706:709 arg1 composition 711:721 body composition 706:721 body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) 706:756 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 8 17 dep = 1347:1347 arg1 r 1335:1335 r 1335:1335 r = 0.52 1335:1342 In regression analysis, insulin sensitivity (r = 0.52, p = 0.004) and fasting triglycerides (r = 0.49, p = 0.005) contributed independently to circulating sCD14 variance after controlling for age, sex and BMI in these morbidly obese subjects. 26114238 3 18 theme insulin 809:815 arg1 value 832:836 M value 830:836 M value 830:836 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 3 18 theme insulin 809:815 arg1 sensitivity 817:827 insulin sensitivity 809:827 insulin sensitivity (M value) 809:837 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 8 19 theme regression 1293:1302 arg1 analysis 1304:1311 regression analysis 1293:1311 regression analysis 1293:1311 In regression analysis, insulin sensitivity (r = 0.52, p = 0.004) and fasting triglycerides (r = 0.49, p = 0.005) contributed independently to circulating sCD14 variance after controlling for age, sex and BMI in these morbidly obese subjects. 26114238 9 20 theme obese 1686:1690 arg1 subjects 1692:1699 morbidly obese subjects 1677:1699 morbidly obese subjects 1677:1699 CONCLUSION These findings suggest that circulating sCD14 concentrations, through its compensatory (in non-obese subjects) or buffering role (in morbidly obese subjects), could exert an important role in modulating insulin sensitivity. 26114238 3 21 theme energy 729:734 arg1 absorptiometry 742:755 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 724:755 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 724:755 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 3 21 theme energy 729:734 arg1 composition 711:721 body composition 706:721 body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) 706:756 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 0 22 theme obese 96:100 arg1 subjects 102:109 non-obese and morbidly obese subjects 73:109 non-obese and morbidly obese subjects 73:109 Contrasting association of circulating sCD14 with insulin sensitivity in non-obese and morbidly obese subjects. 26114238 5 23 theme Non-obese 897:905 arg1 participants 907:918 Non-obese participants 897:918 Non-obese participants 897:918 Non-obese participants had lower circulating sCD14 concentrations compared to obese (p = 0.03). 26114238 8 24 theme circulating 1433:1443 arg1 variance 1451:1458 circulating sCD14 variance 1433:1458 circulating sCD14 variance 1433:1458 In regression analysis, insulin sensitivity (r = 0.52, p = 0.004) and fasting triglycerides (r = 0.49, p = 0.005) contributed independently to circulating sCD14 variance after controlling for age, sex and BMI in these morbidly obese subjects. 26114238 2 25 theme diet-induced 410:421 arg1 resistance 431:440 high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance 401:440 high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance 401:440 Given that metabolic endotoxemia is thought to initiate high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance, we explored the association between sCD14 concentrations and insulin sensitivity in humans. 26114238 6 26 theme sCD14 1005:1009 arg1 concentrations 1011:1024 Circulating sCD14 concentrations 993:1024 Circulating sCD14 concentrations 993:1024 Circulating sCD14 concentrations were positively associated with percent body fat, waist circumference and white blood cell count and negatively associated with insulin sensitivity. 26114238 1 27 theme systemic 271:278 arg1 inflammation 280:291 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation 238:291 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation 238:291 SCOPE In experimental studies, moderate to high concentrations of sCD14 (serum cluster of differentiation 14 protein) prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation, while low concentrations may promote inflammation. 26114238 7 28 theme obese 1270:1274 arg1 participants 1276:1287 morbidly obese participants 1261:1287 morbidly obese participants 1261:1287 In contrast, circulating sCD14 were positively associated with insulin sensitivity in morbidly obese participants. 26114238 2 29 theme insulin 504:510 arg1 sensitivity 512:522 insulin sensitivity 504:522 insulin sensitivity 504:522 Given that metabolic endotoxemia is thought to initiate high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance, we explored the association between sCD14 concentrations and insulin sensitivity in humans. 26114238 3 30 theme 33.45 615:619 arg1 ± 621:621 BMI 33.45 ± 3.2 611:625 BMI 33.45 ± 3.2 611:625 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 0 31 theme sCD14 39:43 arg1 association 12:22 association 12:22 association of circulating sCD14 with insulin sensitivity in non-obese and morbidly obese subjects 12:109 Contrasting association of circulating sCD14 with insulin sensitivity in non-obese and morbidly obese subjects. 26114238 1 32 theme low 300:302 arg1 concentrations 304:317 low concentrations 300:317 low concentrations 300:317 SCOPE In experimental studies, moderate to high concentrations of sCD14 (serum cluster of differentiation 14 protein) prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation, while low concentrations may promote inflammation. 26114238 7 33 from sensitivity 1246:1256 arg1 participants 1276:1287 morbidly obese participants 1261:1287 morbidly obese participants 1261:1287 In contrast, circulating sCD14 were positively associated with insulin sensitivity in morbidly obese participants. 26114238 3 34 dep n 661:661 arg1 ± 676:676 BMI 45 ± 7 669:678 BMI 45 ± 7 669:678 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 0 35 theme insulin 50:56 arg1 sensitivity 58:68 insulin sensitivity 50:68 insulin sensitivity in non-obese and morbidly obese subjects 50:109 Contrasting association of circulating sCD14 with insulin sensitivity in non-obese and morbidly obese subjects. 26114238 7 36 theme insulin 1238:1244 arg1 sensitivity 1246:1256 insulin sensitivity 1238:1256 insulin sensitivity in morbidly obese participants 1238:1287 In contrast, circulating sCD14 were positively associated with insulin sensitivity in morbidly obese participants. 26114238 1 37 theme protein 221:227 arg1 cluster 191:197 serum cluster 185:197 serum cluster of differentiation 14 protein 185:227 SCOPE In experimental studies, moderate to high concentrations of sCD14 (serum cluster of differentiation 14 protein) prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation, while low concentrations may promote inflammation. 26114238 9 38 from role 1668:1671 arg1 subjects 1692:1699 morbidly obese subjects 1677:1699 morbidly obese subjects 1677:1699 CONCLUSION These findings suggest that circulating sCD14 concentrations, through its compensatory (in non-obese subjects) or buffering role (in morbidly obese subjects), could exert an important role in modulating insulin sensitivity. 26114238 5 39 theme circulating 930:940 arg1 concentrations 948:961 lower circulating sCD14 concentrations 924:961 lower circulating sCD14 concentrations 924:961 Non-obese participants had lower circulating sCD14 concentrations compared to obese (p = 0.03). 26114238 6 40 theme percent 1058:1064 arg1 fat 1071:1073 percent body fat 1058:1073 percent body fat 1058:1073 Circulating sCD14 concentrations were positively associated with percent body fat, waist circumference and white blood cell count and negatively associated with insulin sensitivity. 26114238 8 41 theme obese 1517:1521 arg1 subjects 1523:1530 these morbidly obese subjects 1502:1530 these morbidly obese subjects 1502:1530 In regression analysis, insulin sensitivity (r = 0.52, p = 0.004) and fasting triglycerides (r = 0.49, p = 0.005) contributed independently to circulating sCD14 variance after controlling for age, sex and BMI in these morbidly obese subjects. 26114238 7 42 theme circulating 1188:1198 arg1 sCD14 1200:1204 circulating sCD14 1188:1204 circulating sCD14 1188:1204 In contrast, circulating sCD14 were positively associated with insulin sensitivity in morbidly obese participants. 26114238 3 43 theme obese 641:645 arg1 participants 647:658 Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants 555:658 Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) 555:679 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 3 43 theme obese 641:645 arg1 n 661:661 n = 38 661:666 n = 38 661:666 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 9 44 theme sCD14 1584:1588 arg1 concentrations 1590:1603 circulating sCD14 concentrations 1572:1603 circulating sCD14 concentrations 1572:1603 CONCLUSION These findings suggest that circulating sCD14 concentrations, through its compensatory (in non-obese subjects) or buffering role (in morbidly obese subjects), could exert an important role in modulating insulin sensitivity. 26114238 5 45 contain had 920:922 arg2 concentrations 948:961 lower circulating sCD14 concentrations 924:961 lower circulating sCD14 concentrations 924:961 Non-obese participants had lower circulating sCD14 concentrations compared to obese (p = 0.03). 26114238 5 45 contain had 920:922 arg1 participants 907:918 Non-obese participants 897:918 Non-obese participants 897:918 Non-obese participants had lower circulating sCD14 concentrations compared to obese (p = 0.03). 26114238 3 46 theme non-obese 563:571 arg1 participants 647:658 Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants 555:658 Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) 555:679 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 3 46 theme non-obese 563:571 arg1 n 661:661 n = 38 661:666 n = 38 661:666 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 9 47 theme insulin 1747:1753 arg1 sensitivity 1755:1765 insulin sensitivity 1747:1765 insulin sensitivity 1747:1765 CONCLUSION These findings suggest that circulating sCD14 concentrations, through its compensatory (in non-obese subjects) or buffering role (in morbidly obese subjects), could exert an important role in modulating insulin sensitivity. 26114238 6 48 theme blood 1106:1110 arg1 count 1117:1121 white blood cell count 1100:1121 white blood cell count 1100:1121 Circulating sCD14 concentrations were positively associated with percent body fat, waist circumference and white blood cell count and negatively associated with insulin sensitivity. 26114238 3 49 theme = 663:663 arg1 participants 647:658 Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants 555:658 Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) 555:679 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 3 49 theme = 663:663 arg1 n 661:661 n = 38 661:666 n = 38 661:666 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 3 50 theme BMI 582:584 arg1 5y 591:592 BMI 26 ± 5y 582:592 BMI 26 ± 5y 582:592 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 3 51 dep obese 596:600 arg1 n 603:603 n = 11 603:608 n = 11 603:608 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 6 52 theme waist 1076:1080 arg1 circumference 1082:1094 waist circumference 1076:1094 waist circumference 1076:1094 Circulating sCD14 concentrations were positively associated with percent body fat, waist circumference and white blood cell count and negatively associated with insulin sensitivity. 26114238 1 53 theme differentiation 202:216 arg1 protein 221:227 differentiation 14 protein 202:227 differentiation 14 protein 202:227 SCOPE In experimental studies, moderate to high concentrations of sCD14 (serum cluster of differentiation 14 protein) prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation, while low concentrations may promote inflammation. 26114238 4 54 theme sCD14 852:856 arg1 concentrations 858:871 Circulating sCD14 concentrations 840:871 Circulating sCD14 concentrations 840:871 Circulating sCD14 concentrations were measured by ELISA. 26114238 9 55 dep CONCLUSION 1533:1542 arg1 suggest 1559:1565 suggest 1559:1565 suggest that circulating sCD14 concentrations, through its compensatory (in non-obese subjects) or buffering role (in morbidly obese subjects), could exert an important role in modulating insulin sensitivity 1559:1765 CONCLUSION These findings suggest that circulating sCD14 concentrations, through its compensatory (in non-obese subjects) or buffering role (in morbidly obese subjects), could exert an important role in modulating insulin sensitivity. 26114238 3 56 theme ± 589:589 arg1 5y 591:592 BMI 26 ± 5y 582:592 BMI 26 ± 5y 582:592 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 8 57 dep triglycerides 1368:1380 arg1 = 1395:1395 = 1395:1395 = 1395:1395 In regression analysis, insulin sensitivity (r = 0.52, p = 0.004) and fasting triglycerides (r = 0.49, p = 0.005) contributed independently to circulating sCD14 variance after controlling for age, sex and BMI in these morbidly obese subjects. 26114238 9 58 theme compensatory 1618:1629 arg1 role 1668:1671 its compensatory (in non-obese subjects) or buffering role 1614:1671 its compensatory (in non-obese subjects) or buffering role (in morbidly obese subjects) 1614:1700 CONCLUSION These findings suggest that circulating sCD14 concentrations, through its compensatory (in non-obese subjects) or buffering role (in morbidly obese subjects), could exert an important role in modulating insulin sensitivity. 26114238 3 59 dep n 574:574 arg1 5y 591:592 BMI 26 ± 5y 582:592 BMI 26 ± 5y 582:592 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 9 60 theme buffering 1658:1666 arg1 role 1668:1671 its compensatory (in non-obese subjects) or buffering role 1614:1671 its compensatory (in non-obese subjects) or buffering role (in morbidly obese subjects) 1614:1700 CONCLUSION These findings suggest that circulating sCD14 concentrations, through its compensatory (in non-obese subjects) or buffering role (in morbidly obese subjects), could exert an important role in modulating insulin sensitivity. 26114238 3 61 theme dual 724:727 arg1 absorptiometry 742:755 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 724:755 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 724:755 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 3 61 theme dual 724:727 arg1 composition 711:721 body composition 706:721 body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) 706:756 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 0 62 theme non-obese 73:81 arg1 subjects 102:109 non-obese and morbidly obese subjects 73:109 non-obese and morbidly obese subjects 73:109 Contrasting association of circulating sCD14 with insulin sensitivity in non-obese and morbidly obese subjects. 26114238 3 63 theme obese 596:600 arg1 participants 647:658 Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants 555:658 Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) 555:679 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 3 63 theme obese 596:600 arg1 n 661:661 n = 38 661:666 n = 38 661:666 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 8 64 dep sensitivity 1322:1332 arg1 = 1347:1347 = 1347:1347 = 1347:1347 In regression analysis, insulin sensitivity (r = 0.52, p = 0.004) and fasting triglycerides (r = 0.49, p = 0.005) contributed independently to circulating sCD14 variance after controlling for age, sex and BMI in these morbidly obese subjects. 26114238 1 65 dep SCOPE 112:116 arg1 studies 134:140 experimental studies 121:140 experimental studies 121:140 SCOPE In experimental studies, moderate to high concentrations of sCD14 (serum cluster of differentiation 14 protein) prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation, while low concentrations may promote inflammation. 26114238 3 66 theme composition 711:721 arg1 clamp 792:796 a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp 762:796 a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp 762:796 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 3 66 theme composition 711:721 arg1 measurement 691:701 measurement 691:701 measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) 691:756 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 9 67 dep compensatory 1618:1629 arg1 subjects 1645:1652 non-obese subjects 1635:1652 non-obese subjects 1635:1652 CONCLUSION These findings suggest that circulating sCD14 concentrations, through its compensatory (in non-obese subjects) or buffering role (in morbidly obese subjects), could exert an important role in modulating insulin sensitivity. 26114238 1 68 theme high 155:158 arg1 concentrations 160:173 high concentrations 155:173 high concentrations of sCD14 (serum cluster of differentiation 14 protein) 155:228 SCOPE In experimental studies, moderate to high concentrations of sCD14 (serum cluster of differentiation 14 protein) prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation, while low concentrations may promote inflammation. 26114238 0 69 from sensitivity 58:68 arg1 subjects 102:109 non-obese and morbidly obese subjects 73:109 non-obese and morbidly obese subjects 73:109 Contrasting association of circulating sCD14 with insulin sensitivity in non-obese and morbidly obese subjects. 26114238 9 70 theme morbidly 1677:1684 arg1 subjects 1692:1699 morbidly obese subjects 1677:1699 morbidly obese subjects 1677:1699 CONCLUSION These findings suggest that circulating sCD14 concentrations, through its compensatory (in non-obese subjects) or buffering role (in morbidly obese subjects), could exert an important role in modulating insulin sensitivity. 26114238 8 71 theme sCD14 1445:1449 arg1 variance 1451:1458 circulating sCD14 variance 1433:1458 circulating sCD14 variance 1433:1458 In regression analysis, insulin sensitivity (r = 0.52, p = 0.004) and fasting triglycerides (r = 0.49, p = 0.005) contributed independently to circulating sCD14 variance after controlling for age, sex and BMI in these morbidly obese subjects. 26114238 3 72 theme X-ray 736:740 arg1 absorptiometry 742:755 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 724:755 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 724:755 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 3 72 theme X-ray 736:740 arg1 composition 711:721 body composition 706:721 body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) 706:756 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 8 73 theme insulin 1314:1320 arg1 sensitivity 1322:1332 insulin sensitivity 1314:1332 insulin sensitivity (r = 0.52, p = 0.004) 1314:1354 In regression analysis, insulin sensitivity (r = 0.52, p = 0.004) and fasting triglycerides (r = 0.49, p = 0.005) contributed independently to circulating sCD14 variance after controlling for age, sex and BMI in these morbidly obese subjects. 26114238 2 74 theme high-fat 401:408 arg1 resistance 431:440 high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance 401:440 high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance 401:440 Given that metabolic endotoxemia is thought to initiate high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance, we explored the association between sCD14 concentrations and insulin sensitivity in humans. 26114238 3 75 dep METHODS 535:541 arg1 underwent 681:689 underwent 681:689 underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp 681:796 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 3 76 theme M 830:830 arg1 value 832:836 M value 830:836 M value 830:836 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 3 76 theme M 830:830 arg1 sensitivity 817:827 insulin sensitivity 809:827 insulin sensitivity (M value) 809:837 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 6 77 theme Circulating 993:1003 arg1 concentrations 1011:1024 Circulating sCD14 concentrations 993:1024 Circulating sCD14 concentrations 993:1024 Circulating sCD14 concentrations were positively associated with percent body fat, waist circumference and white blood cell count and negatively associated with insulin sensitivity. 26114238 9 78 theme non-obese 1635:1643 arg1 subjects 1645:1652 non-obese subjects 1635:1652 non-obese subjects 1635:1652 CONCLUSION These findings suggest that circulating sCD14 concentrations, through its compensatory (in non-obese subjects) or buffering role (in morbidly obese subjects), could exert an important role in modulating insulin sensitivity. 26114238 0 79 theme circulating 27:37 arg1 sCD14 39:43 circulating sCD14 27:43 circulating sCD14 27:43 Contrasting association of circulating sCD14 with insulin sensitivity in non-obese and morbidly obese subjects. 26114238 8 80 dep = 1395:1395 arg1 r 1383:1383 r 1383:1383 r = 0.49 1383:1390 In regression analysis, insulin sensitivity (r = 0.52, p = 0.004) and fasting triglycerides (r = 0.49, p = 0.005) contributed independently to circulating sCD14 variance after controlling for age, sex and BMI in these morbidly obese subjects. 26114238 9 81 theme important 1718:1726 arg1 role 1728:1731 an important role 1715:1731 an important role 1715:1731 CONCLUSION These findings suggest that circulating sCD14 concentrations, through its compensatory (in non-obese subjects) or buffering role (in morbidly obese subjects), could exert an important role in modulating insulin sensitivity. 26114238 3 82 theme BMI 611:613 arg1 ± 621:621 BMI 33.45 ± 3.2 611:625 BMI 33.45 ± 3.2 611:625 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 3 83 dep n 603:603 arg1 ± 621:621 BMI 33.45 ± 3.2 611:625 BMI 33.45 ± 3.2 611:625 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 2 84 theme insulin 423:429 arg1 resistance 431:440 high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance 401:440 high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance 401:440 Given that metabolic endotoxemia is thought to initiate high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance, we explored the association between sCD14 concentrations and insulin sensitivity in humans. 26114238 8 85 dep = 1385:1385 arg1 0.49 1387:1390 0.49 1387:1390 0.49 1387:1390 In regression analysis, insulin sensitivity (r = 0.52, p = 0.004) and fasting triglycerides (r = 0.49, p = 0.005) contributed independently to circulating sCD14 variance after controlling for age, sex and BMI in these morbidly obese subjects. 26114238 2 86 theme sCD14 479:483 arg1 concentrations 485:498 sCD14 concentrations 479:498 sCD14 concentrations 479:498 Given that metabolic endotoxemia is thought to initiate high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance, we explored the association between sCD14 concentrations and insulin sensitivity in humans. 26114238 1 87 dep sCD14 178:182 arg1 cluster 191:197 serum cluster 185:197 serum cluster of differentiation 14 protein 185:227 SCOPE In experimental studies, moderate to high concentrations of sCD14 (serum cluster of differentiation 14 protein) prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation, while low concentrations may promote inflammation. 26114238 0 88 with association 12:22 arg1 sensitivity 58:68 insulin sensitivity 50:68 insulin sensitivity in non-obese and morbidly obese subjects 50:109 Contrasting association of circulating sCD14 with insulin sensitivity in non-obese and morbidly obese subjects. 26114238 5 89 theme lower 924:928 arg1 concentrations 948:961 lower circulating sCD14 concentrations 924:961 lower circulating sCD14 concentrations 924:961 Non-obese participants had lower circulating sCD14 concentrations compared to obese (p = 0.03). 26114238 6 90 theme body 1066:1069 arg1 fat 1071:1073 percent body fat 1058:1073 percent body fat 1058:1073 Circulating sCD14 concentrations were positively associated with percent body fat, waist circumference and white blood cell count and negatively associated with insulin sensitivity. 26114238 8 91 theme morbidly 1508:1515 arg1 subjects 1523:1530 these morbidly obese subjects 1502:1530 these morbidly obese subjects 1502:1530 In regression analysis, insulin sensitivity (r = 0.52, p = 0.004) and fasting triglycerides (r = 0.49, p = 0.005) contributed independently to circulating sCD14 variance after controlling for age, sex and BMI in these morbidly obese subjects. 26114238 5 92 theme sCD14 942:946 arg1 concentrations 948:961 lower circulating sCD14 concentrations 924:961 lower circulating sCD14 concentrations 924:961 Non-obese participants had lower circulating sCD14 concentrations compared to obese (p = 0.03). 26114238 8 93 theme fasting 1360:1366 arg1 triglycerides 1368:1380 fasting triglycerides 1360:1380 fasting triglycerides (r = 0.49, p = 0.005) 1360:1402 In regression analysis, insulin sensitivity (r = 0.52, p = 0.004) and fasting triglycerides (r = 0.49, p = 0.005) contributed independently to circulating sCD14 variance after controlling for age, sex and BMI in these morbidly obese subjects. 26114238 3 94 theme Healthy 555:561 arg1 participants 647:658 Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants 555:658 Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) 555:679 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 26114238 3 94 theme Healthy 555:561 arg1 n 661:661 n = 38 661:666 n = 38 661:666 METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.45 ± 3.2) and morbidly obese participants (n = 38, BMI 45 ± 7) underwent measurement of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity (M value). 25438192 10 0 theme FeOx 1468:1471 arg1 type 1481:1484 the type 1477:1484 the type of associated OM 1477:1501 Consequently, the careful choice of the type of FeOx and the type of associated OM may help in reducing the ecological risks if actively applied to the subsurface. 25438192 10 0 theme FeOx 1468:1471 arg1 type 1460:1463 the type 1456:1463 the type of FeOx 1456:1471 Consequently, the careful choice of the type of FeOx and the type of associated OM may help in reducing the ecological risks if actively applied to the subsurface. 25438192 6 1 theme FeOx 1005:1008 arg1 -ions 1020:1024 two FeOx and Fe(3+)-ions 1001:1024 two FeOx and Fe(3+)-ions 1001:1024 Experiments with mutant strains lacking mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (sod-2) showed oxidative stress for two FeOx and Fe(3+)-ions, however, revealed that it was not the predominant mechanism of toxicity. 25438192 7 2 from toxicity 1134:1141 arg1 elegans 1173:1179 C. elegans 1170:1179 C. elegans 1170:1179 The OM composition determined the toxicity of mixed OM-FeOx phases on C. elegans. 25438192 10 3 theme careful 1438:1444 arg1 choice 1446:1451 the careful choice 1434:1451 the careful choice of the type of FeOx and the type of associated OM 1434:1501 Consequently, the careful choice of the type of FeOx and the type of associated OM may help in reducing the ecological risks if actively applied to the subsurface. 25438192 0 4 theme colloids 80:87 arg1 toxicity 32:39 Size- and composition-dependent toxicity 0:39 Size- and composition-dependent toxicity of synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 0:128 Size- and composition-dependent toxicity of synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 25438192 10 5 theme type 1481:1484 arg1 choice 1446:1451 the careful choice 1434:1451 the careful choice of the type of FeOx and the type of associated OM 1434:1501 Consequently, the careful choice of the type of FeOx and the type of associated OM may help in reducing the ecological risks if actively applied to the subsurface. 25438192 1 6 theme biomedical 254:263 arg1 applications 265:276 biomedical applications 254:276 biomedical applications 254:276 Colloidal iron oxides (FeOx) are increasingly released to the environment due to their use in environmental remediation and biomedical applications, potentially harming living organisms. 25438192 0 7 theme nematode 97:104 arg1 elegans 121:127 the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 93:127 the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 93:127 Size- and composition-dependent toxicity of synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 25438192 3 8 theme nematode 557:564 arg1 elegans 581:587 the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 553:587 the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 553:587 Therefore, we investigated the toxicity of selected FeOx with variable aggregate size and variably composed FeOx-associated organic matter (OM) toward the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 25438192 9 9 link soil-derived 1274:1285 arg1 ferrihydrite 1287:1298 soil-derived ferrihydrite 1274:1298 soil-derived ferrihydrite 1274:1298 In contrast, soil-derived ferrihydrite, containing proteins and polysaccharides from mobile OM, was even more toxic than OM-free Fh of similar aggregate size. 25438192 6 10 theme oxidative 980:988 arg1 stress 990:995 oxidative stress 980:995 oxidative stress for two FeOx and Fe(3+)-ions 980:1024 Experiments with mutant strains lacking mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (sod-2) showed oxidative stress for two FeOx and Fe(3+)-ions, however, revealed that it was not the predominant mechanism of toxicity. 25438192 5 11 theme akaganeite 752:761 arg1 toxicity 712:719 The toxicity 708:719 The toxicity of ferrihydrite, goethite, and akaganeite 708:761 The toxicity of ferrihydrite, goethite, and akaganeite was dependent on aggregate size and specific surface area, with EC50 values for reproduction ranging from 4 to 29 mg Fe L(-1). 25438192 5 11 theme akaganeite 752:761 arg1 dependent 767:775 dependent 767:775 dependent 767:775 The toxicity of ferrihydrite, goethite, and akaganeite was dependent on aggregate size and specific surface area, with EC50 values for reproduction ranging from 4 to 29 mg Fe L(-1). 25438192 10 12 dep risks 1539:1543 arg1 applied 1557:1563 applied 1557:1563 applied to the subsurface 1557:1581 Consequently, the careful choice of the type of FeOx and the type of associated OM may help in reducing the ecological risks if actively applied to the subsurface. 25438192 10 13 theme ecological 1528:1537 arg1 risks 1539:1543 the ecological risks 1524:1543 the ecological risks if actively applied to the subsurface 1524:1581 Consequently, the careful choice of the type of FeOx and the type of associated OM may help in reducing the ecological risks if actively applied to the subsurface. 25438192 3 14 theme Caenorhabditis 566:579 arg1 elegans 581:587 the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 553:587 the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 553:587 Therefore, we investigated the toxicity of selected FeOx with variable aggregate size and variably composed FeOx-associated organic matter (OM) toward the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 25438192 6 15 with Experiments 890:900 arg1 strains 914:920 mutant strains 907:920 mutant strains lacking mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (sod-2) 907:971 Experiments with mutant strains lacking mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (sod-2) showed oxidative stress for two FeOx and Fe(3+)-ions, however, revealed that it was not the predominant mechanism of toxicity. 25438192 9 16 theme aggregate 1404:1412 arg1 size 1414:1417 similar aggregate size 1396:1417 similar aggregate size 1396:1417 In contrast, soil-derived ferrihydrite, containing proteins and polysaccharides from mobile OM, was even more toxic than OM-free Fh of similar aggregate size. 25438192 8 17 theme humic 1203:1207 arg1 acids 1209:1213 humic acids 1203:1213 humic acids 1203:1213 FeOx associated with humic acids or citrate were less toxic than OM-free FeOx. 25438192 3 18 theme FeOx 454:457 arg1 toxicity 433:440 the toxicity 429:440 the toxicity of selected FeOx with variable aggregate size 429:486 Therefore, we investigated the toxicity of selected FeOx with variable aggregate size and variably composed FeOx-associated organic matter (OM) toward the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 25438192 0 19 theme Caenorhabditis 106:119 arg1 elegans 121:127 the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 93:127 the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 93:127 Size- and composition-dependent toxicity of synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 25438192 5 20 theme specific 799:806 arg1 area 816:819 specific surface area 799:819 specific surface area 799:819 The toxicity of ferrihydrite, goethite, and akaganeite was dependent on aggregate size and specific surface area, with EC50 values for reproduction ranging from 4 to 29 mg Fe L(-1). 25438192 0 21 link soil-derived 58:69 arg1 colloids 80:87 synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids 44:87 synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids 44:87 Size- and composition-dependent toxicity of synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 25438192 5 22 theme EC50 827:830 arg1 values 832:837 EC50 values 827:837 EC50 values for reproduction ranging from 4 to 29 mg Fe L(-1) 827:887 The toxicity of ferrihydrite, goethite, and akaganeite was dependent on aggregate size and specific surface area, with EC50 values for reproduction ranging from 4 to 29 mg Fe L(-1). 25438192 9 23 theme OM-free 1382:1388 arg1 Fh 1390:1391 OM-free Fh 1382:1391 OM-free Fh of similar aggregate size 1382:1417 In contrast, soil-derived ferrihydrite, containing proteins and polysaccharides from mobile OM, was even more toxic than OM-free Fh of similar aggregate size. 25438192 4 24 theme Ferrihydrite 590:601 arg1 colloids 603:610 Ferrihydrite colloids 590:610 Ferrihydrite colloids containing citrate 590:629 Ferrihydrite colloids containing citrate were taken up by C. elegans with the food and accumulated inside their body. 25438192 7 25 theme C. 1170:1171 arg1 elegans 1173:1179 C. elegans 1170:1179 C. elegans 1170:1179 The OM composition determined the toxicity of mixed OM-FeOx phases on C. elegans. 25438192 7 26 theme OM-FeOx 1152:1158 arg1 phases 1160:1165 mixed OM-FeOx phases 1146:1165 mixed OM-FeOx phases 1146:1165 The OM composition determined the toxicity of mixed OM-FeOx phases on C. elegans. 25438192 5 27 theme mg 877:878 arg1 -1 885:886 -1 885:886 -1 885:886 The toxicity of ferrihydrite, goethite, and akaganeite was dependent on aggregate size and specific surface area, with EC50 values for reproduction ranging from 4 to 29 mg Fe L(-1). 25438192 5 27 theme mg 877:878 arg1 L 883:883 29 mg Fe L 874:883 29 mg Fe L(-1) 874:887 The toxicity of ferrihydrite, goethite, and akaganeite was dependent on aggregate size and specific surface area, with EC50 values for reproduction ranging from 4 to 29 mg Fe L(-1). 25438192 0 28 theme Size- 0:4 arg1 toxicity 32:39 Size- and composition-dependent toxicity 0:39 Size- and composition-dependent toxicity of synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 0:128 Size- and composition-dependent toxicity of synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 25438192 10 29 theme OM 1500:1501 arg1 type 1481:1484 the type 1477:1484 the type of associated OM 1477:1501 Consequently, the careful choice of the type of FeOx and the type of associated OM may help in reducing the ecological risks if actively applied to the subsurface. 25438192 10 29 theme OM 1500:1501 arg1 type 1460:1463 the type 1456:1463 the type of FeOx 1456:1471 Consequently, the careful choice of the type of FeOx and the type of associated OM may help in reducing the ecological risks if actively applied to the subsurface. 25438192 2 30 theme colloids 392:399 arg1 toxicity 375:382 toxicity 375:382 toxicity 375:382 Size and composition could affect the bioavailability and toxicity of such colloids. 25438192 2 30 theme colloids 392:399 arg1 bioavailability 355:369 bioavailability 355:369 bioavailability 355:369 Size and composition could affect the bioavailability and toxicity of such colloids. 25438192 8 31 theme OM-free 1247:1253 arg1 FeOx 1255:1258 OM-free FeOx 1247:1258 OM-free FeOx 1247:1258 FeOx associated with humic acids or citrate were less toxic than OM-free FeOx. 25438192 5 32 theme ferrihydrite 724:735 arg1 toxicity 712:719 The toxicity 708:719 The toxicity of ferrihydrite, goethite, and akaganeite 708:761 The toxicity of ferrihydrite, goethite, and akaganeite was dependent on aggregate size and specific surface area, with EC50 values for reproduction ranging from 4 to 29 mg Fe L(-1). 25438192 5 32 theme ferrihydrite 724:735 arg1 dependent 767:775 dependent 767:775 dependent 767:775 The toxicity of ferrihydrite, goethite, and akaganeite was dependent on aggregate size and specific surface area, with EC50 values for reproduction ranging from 4 to 29 mg Fe L(-1). 25438192 2 33 dep bioavailability 355:369 arg1 the 351:353 the 351:353 the 351:353 Size and composition could affect the bioavailability and toxicity of such colloids. 25438192 9 34 theme similar 1396:1402 arg1 size 1414:1417 similar aggregate size 1396:1417 similar aggregate size 1396:1417 In contrast, soil-derived ferrihydrite, containing proteins and polysaccharides from mobile OM, was even more toxic than OM-free Fh of similar aggregate size. 25438192 0 35 theme composition-dependent 10:30 arg1 toxicity 32:39 Size- and composition-dependent toxicity 0:39 Size- and composition-dependent toxicity of synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 0:128 Size- and composition-dependent toxicity of synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 25438192 1 36 theme living 299:304 arg1 organisms 306:314 living organisms 299:314 living organisms 299:314 Colloidal iron oxides (FeOx) are increasingly released to the environment due to their use in environmental remediation and biomedical applications, potentially harming living organisms. 25438192 9 37 from toxic 1371:1375 arg1 contrast 1264:1271 contrast 1264:1271 contrast 1264:1271 In contrast, soil-derived ferrihydrite, containing proteins and polysaccharides from mobile OM, was even more toxic than OM-free Fh of similar aggregate size. 25438192 6 38 theme toxicity 1090:1097 arg1 mechanism 1077:1085 the predominant mechanism 1061:1085 the predominant mechanism of toxicity 1061:1097 Experiments with mutant strains lacking mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (sod-2) showed oxidative stress for two FeOx and Fe(3+)-ions, however, revealed that it was not the predominant mechanism of toxicity. 25438192 6 38 theme toxicity 1090:1097 arg1 it 1050:1051 it 1050:1051 it 1050:1051 Experiments with mutant strains lacking mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (sod-2) showed oxidative stress for two FeOx and Fe(3+)-ions, however, revealed that it was not the predominant mechanism of toxicity. 25438192 1 39 theme due 204:206 arg1 environment 192:202 the environment 188:202 the environment due to their use in environmental remediation and biomedical applications 188:276 Colloidal iron oxides (FeOx) are increasingly released to the environment due to their use in environmental remediation and biomedical applications, potentially harming living organisms. 25438192 0 40 theme synthetic 44:52 arg1 colloids 80:87 synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids 44:87 synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids 44:87 Size- and composition-dependent toxicity of synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 25438192 3 41 theme organic 526:532 arg1 OM 542:543 OM 542:543 OM 542:543 Therefore, we investigated the toxicity of selected FeOx with variable aggregate size and variably composed FeOx-associated organic matter (OM) toward the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 25438192 3 41 theme organic 526:532 arg1 matter 534:539 FeOx-associated organic matter 510:539 FeOx-associated organic matter (OM) 510:544 Therefore, we investigated the toxicity of selected FeOx with variable aggregate size and variably composed FeOx-associated organic matter (OM) toward the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 25438192 5 42 theme goethite 738:745 arg1 toxicity 712:719 The toxicity 708:719 The toxicity of ferrihydrite, goethite, and akaganeite 708:761 The toxicity of ferrihydrite, goethite, and akaganeite was dependent on aggregate size and specific surface area, with EC50 values for reproduction ranging from 4 to 29 mg Fe L(-1). 25438192 5 42 theme goethite 738:745 arg1 dependent 767:775 dependent 767:775 dependent 767:775 The toxicity of ferrihydrite, goethite, and akaganeite was dependent on aggregate size and specific surface area, with EC50 values for reproduction ranging from 4 to 29 mg Fe L(-1). 25438192 9 43 theme size 1414:1417 arg1 Fh 1390:1391 OM-free Fh 1382:1391 OM-free Fh of similar aggregate size 1382:1417 In contrast, soil-derived ferrihydrite, containing proteins and polysaccharides from mobile OM, was even more toxic than OM-free Fh of similar aggregate size. 25438192 3 44 theme selected 445:452 arg1 FeOx 454:457 selected FeOx 445:457 selected FeOx with variable aggregate size 445:486 Therefore, we investigated the toxicity of selected FeOx with variable aggregate size and variably composed FeOx-associated organic matter (OM) toward the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 25438192 3 45 theme variable 464:471 arg1 size 483:486 variable aggregate size 464:486 variable aggregate size 464:486 Therefore, we investigated the toxicity of selected FeOx with variable aggregate size and variably composed FeOx-associated organic matter (OM) toward the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 25438192 5 46 theme surface 808:814 arg1 area 816:819 specific surface area 799:819 specific surface area 799:819 The toxicity of ferrihydrite, goethite, and akaganeite was dependent on aggregate size and specific surface area, with EC50 values for reproduction ranging from 4 to 29 mg Fe L(-1). 25438192 6 47 theme superoxide 944:953 arg1 sod-2 966:970 sod-2 966:970 sod-2 966:970 Experiments with mutant strains lacking mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (sod-2) showed oxidative stress for two FeOx and Fe(3+)-ions, however, revealed that it was not the predominant mechanism of toxicity. 25438192 6 47 theme superoxide 944:953 arg1 dismutase 955:963 mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 930:963 mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (sod-2) 930:971 Experiments with mutant strains lacking mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (sod-2) showed oxidative stress for two FeOx and Fe(3+)-ions, however, revealed that it was not the predominant mechanism of toxicity. 25438192 7 48 theme OM 1104:1105 arg1 composition 1107:1117 The OM composition 1100:1117 The OM composition 1100:1117 The OM composition determined the toxicity of mixed OM-FeOx phases on C. elegans. 25438192 5 49 with dependent 767:775 arg1 values 832:837 EC50 values 827:837 EC50 values for reproduction ranging from 4 to 29 mg Fe L(-1) 827:887 The toxicity of ferrihydrite, goethite, and akaganeite was dependent on aggregate size and specific surface area, with EC50 values for reproduction ranging from 4 to 29 mg Fe L(-1). 25438192 3 50 theme aggregate 473:481 arg1 size 483:486 variable aggregate size 464:486 variable aggregate size 464:486 Therefore, we investigated the toxicity of selected FeOx with variable aggregate size and variably composed FeOx-associated organic matter (OM) toward the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 25438192 0 51 theme soil-derived 58:69 arg1 colloids 80:87 synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids 44:87 synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids 44:87 Size- and composition-dependent toxicity of synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 25438192 6 52 theme mitochondrial 930:942 arg1 sod-2 966:970 sod-2 966:970 sod-2 966:970 Experiments with mutant strains lacking mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (sod-2) showed oxidative stress for two FeOx and Fe(3+)-ions, however, revealed that it was not the predominant mechanism of toxicity. 25438192 6 52 theme mitochondrial 930:942 arg1 dismutase 955:963 mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 930:963 mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (sod-2) 930:971 Experiments with mutant strains lacking mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (sod-2) showed oxidative stress for two FeOx and Fe(3+)-ions, however, revealed that it was not the predominant mechanism of toxicity. 25438192 10 53 theme type 1460:1463 arg1 choice 1446:1451 the careful choice 1434:1451 the careful choice of the type of FeOx and the type of associated OM 1434:1501 Consequently, the careful choice of the type of FeOx and the type of associated OM may help in reducing the ecological risks if actively applied to the subsurface. 25438192 5 54 theme aggregate 780:788 arg1 size 790:793 aggregate size 780:793 aggregate size 780:793 The toxicity of ferrihydrite, goethite, and akaganeite was dependent on aggregate size and specific surface area, with EC50 values for reproduction ranging from 4 to 29 mg Fe L(-1). 25438192 4 55 contain containing 612:621 arg2 citrate 623:629 citrate 623:629 citrate 623:629 Ferrihydrite colloids containing citrate were taken up by C. elegans with the food and accumulated inside their body. 25438192 4 55 contain containing 612:621 arg1 colloids 603:610 Ferrihydrite colloids 590:610 Ferrihydrite colloids containing citrate 590:629 Ferrihydrite colloids containing citrate were taken up by C. elegans with the food and accumulated inside their body. 25438192 3 56 with FeOx 454:457 arg1 size 483:486 variable aggregate size 464:486 variable aggregate size 464:486 Therefore, we investigated the toxicity of selected FeOx with variable aggregate size and variably composed FeOx-associated organic matter (OM) toward the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 25438192 3 57 theme FeOx-associated 510:524 arg1 OM 542:543 OM 542:543 OM 542:543 Therefore, we investigated the toxicity of selected FeOx with variable aggregate size and variably composed FeOx-associated organic matter (OM) toward the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 25438192 3 57 theme FeOx-associated 510:524 arg1 matter 534:539 FeOx-associated organic matter 510:539 FeOx-associated organic matter (OM) 510:544 Therefore, we investigated the toxicity of selected FeOx with variable aggregate size and variably composed FeOx-associated organic matter (OM) toward the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 25438192 7 58 theme mixed 1146:1150 arg1 phases 1160:1165 mixed OM-FeOx phases 1146:1165 mixed OM-FeOx phases 1146:1165 The OM composition determined the toxicity of mixed OM-FeOx phases on C. elegans. 25438192 1 59 theme Colloidal 130:138 arg1 FeOx 153:156 FeOx 153:156 FeOx 153:156 Colloidal iron oxides (FeOx) are increasingly released to the environment due to their use in environmental remediation and biomedical applications, potentially harming living organisms. 25438192 1 59 theme Colloidal 130:138 arg1 oxides 145:150 Colloidal iron oxides 130:150 Colloidal iron oxides (FeOx) 130:157 Colloidal iron oxides (FeOx) are increasingly released to the environment due to their use in environmental remediation and biomedical applications, potentially harming living organisms. 25438192 1 60 from use 217:219 arg1 remediation 238:248 environmental remediation 224:248 environmental remediation 224:248 Colloidal iron oxides (FeOx) are increasingly released to the environment due to their use in environmental remediation and biomedical applications, potentially harming living organisms. 25438192 1 60 from use 217:219 arg1 applications 265:276 biomedical applications 254:276 biomedical applications 254:276 Colloidal iron oxides (FeOx) are increasingly released to the environment due to their use in environmental remediation and biomedical applications, potentially harming living organisms. 25438192 9 61 contain containing 1301:1310 arg1 ferrihydrite 1287:1298 soil-derived ferrihydrite 1274:1298 soil-derived ferrihydrite 1274:1298 In contrast, soil-derived ferrihydrite, containing proteins and polysaccharides from mobile OM, was even more toxic than OM-free Fh of similar aggregate size. 25438192 9 61 contain containing 1301:1310 arg2 polysaccharides 1325:1339 polysaccharides 1325:1339 polysaccharides 1325:1339 In contrast, soil-derived ferrihydrite, containing proteins and polysaccharides from mobile OM, was even more toxic than OM-free Fh of similar aggregate size. 25438192 9 61 contain containing 1301:1310 arg2 proteins 1312:1319 proteins 1312:1319 proteins 1312:1319 In contrast, soil-derived ferrihydrite, containing proteins and polysaccharides from mobile OM, was even more toxic than OM-free Fh of similar aggregate size. 25438192 10 62 theme associated 1489:1498 arg1 OM 1500:1501 associated OM 1489:1501 associated OM 1489:1501 Consequently, the careful choice of the type of FeOx and the type of associated OM may help in reducing the ecological risks if actively applied to the subsurface. 25438192 1 63 theme iron 140:143 arg1 FeOx 153:156 FeOx 153:156 FeOx 153:156 Colloidal iron oxides (FeOx) are increasingly released to the environment due to their use in environmental remediation and biomedical applications, potentially harming living organisms. 25438192 1 63 theme iron 140:143 arg1 oxides 145:150 Colloidal iron oxides 130:150 Colloidal iron oxides (FeOx) 130:157 Colloidal iron oxides (FeOx) are increasingly released to the environment due to their use in environmental remediation and biomedical applications, potentially harming living organisms. 25438192 5 64 theme Fe 880:881 arg1 -1 885:886 -1 885:886 -1 885:886 The toxicity of ferrihydrite, goethite, and akaganeite was dependent on aggregate size and specific surface area, with EC50 values for reproduction ranging from 4 to 29 mg Fe L(-1). 25438192 5 64 theme Fe 880:881 arg1 L 883:883 29 mg Fe L 874:883 29 mg Fe L(-1) 874:887 The toxicity of ferrihydrite, goethite, and akaganeite was dependent on aggregate size and specific surface area, with EC50 values for reproduction ranging from 4 to 29 mg Fe L(-1). 25438192 6 65 theme Fe 1014:1015 arg1 -ions 1020:1024 two FeOx and Fe(3+)-ions 1001:1024 two FeOx and Fe(3+)-ions 1001:1024 Experiments with mutant strains lacking mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (sod-2) showed oxidative stress for two FeOx and Fe(3+)-ions, however, revealed that it was not the predominant mechanism of toxicity. 25438192 9 66 theme mobile 1346:1351 arg1 OM 1353:1354 mobile OM 1346:1354 mobile OM 1346:1354 In contrast, soil-derived ferrihydrite, containing proteins and polysaccharides from mobile OM, was even more toxic than OM-free Fh of similar aggregate size. 25438192 9 67 theme soil-derived 1274:1285 arg1 ferrihydrite 1287:1298 soil-derived ferrihydrite 1274:1298 soil-derived ferrihydrite 1274:1298 In contrast, soil-derived ferrihydrite, containing proteins and polysaccharides from mobile OM, was even more toxic than OM-free Fh of similar aggregate size. 25438192 9 68 from contrast 1264:1271 arg1 toxic 1371:1375 toxic 1371:1375 toxic 1371:1375 In contrast, soil-derived ferrihydrite, containing proteins and polysaccharides from mobile OM, was even more toxic than OM-free Fh of similar aggregate size. 25438192 6 69 theme predominant 1065:1075 arg1 mechanism 1077:1085 the predominant mechanism 1061:1085 the predominant mechanism of toxicity 1061:1097 Experiments with mutant strains lacking mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (sod-2) showed oxidative stress for two FeOx and Fe(3+)-ions, however, revealed that it was not the predominant mechanism of toxicity. 25438192 6 69 theme predominant 1065:1075 arg1 it 1050:1051 it 1050:1051 it 1050:1051 Experiments with mutant strains lacking mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (sod-2) showed oxidative stress for two FeOx and Fe(3+)-ions, however, revealed that it was not the predominant mechanism of toxicity. 25438192 0 70 theme oxide 74:78 arg1 colloids 80:87 synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids 44:87 synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids 44:87 Size- and composition-dependent toxicity of synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 25438192 2 71 theme such 387:390 arg1 colloids 392:399 such colloids 387:399 such colloids 387:399 Size and composition could affect the bioavailability and toxicity of such colloids. 25438192 1 72 theme environmental 224:236 arg1 remediation 238:248 environmental remediation 224:248 environmental remediation 224:248 Colloidal iron oxides (FeOx) are increasingly released to the environment due to their use in environmental remediation and biomedical applications, potentially harming living organisms. 25438192 0 73 theme Fe 71:72 arg1 colloids 80:87 synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids 44:87 synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids 44:87 Size- and composition-dependent toxicity of synthetic and soil-derived Fe oxide colloids for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 25438192 6 74 theme mutant 907:912 arg1 strains 914:920 mutant strains 907:920 mutant strains lacking mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (sod-2) 907:971 Experiments with mutant strains lacking mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (sod-2) showed oxidative stress for two FeOx and Fe(3+)-ions, however, revealed that it was not the predominant mechanism of toxicity. 25438192 7 75 theme phases 1160:1165 arg1 toxicity 1134:1141 the toxicity 1130:1141 the toxicity of mixed OM-FeOx phases on C. elegans 1130:1179 The OM composition determined the toxicity of mixed OM-FeOx phases on C. elegans. 26659110 8 0 theme minimum 990:996 arg1 concentration 1009:1021 minimum inhibitory concentration 990:1021 minimum inhibitory concentration 990:1021 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. 26659110 8 0 theme minimum 990:996 arg1 susceptibilities 952:967 Antibiotic susceptibilities 941:967 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) 941:1027 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. 26659110 1 1 from susceptibility 328:341 arg1 blood 415:419 blood 415:419 blood 415:419 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 3 2 theme disk 535:538 arg1 test 540:543 the cefoxitin disk test 521:543 the cefoxitin disk test 521:543 Methicillin resistance was evaluated with the cefoxitin disk test. 26659110 7 3 theme multiplex 894:902 arg1 PCR 904:906 multiplex PCR 894:906 multiplex PCR 894:906 Detection and expression of icaADBC genes were performed by multiplex PCR and real-time PCR, respectively. 26659110 20 4 theme high 2204:2207 arg1 frequency 2209:2217 high frequency 2204:2217 high frequency 2204:2217 The results indicate that S. hominis is a strong biofilm producer with an extracellular matrix with similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine; and presents high frequency and low expression of icaD gene. 26659110 1 5 theme genes 279:283 arg1 detection 285:293 icaADBC genes detection 271:293 icaADBC genes detection 271:293 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 6 from expression 301:310 arg1 blood 415:419 blood 415:419 blood 415:419 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 7 7 theme genes 870:874 arg1 expression 848:857 expression 848:857 expression 848:857 Detection and expression of icaADBC genes were performed by multiplex PCR and real-time PCR, respectively. 26659110 7 7 theme genes 870:874 arg1 Detection 834:842 Detection 834:842 Detection 834:842 Detection and expression of icaADBC genes were performed by multiplex PCR and real-time PCR, respectively. 26659110 21 8 theme increased 2290:2298 arg1 resistance 2311:2320 increased antibiotic resistance 2290:2320 increased antibiotic resistance 2290:2320 Biofilm production is associated with increased antibiotic resistance. 26659110 20 9 theme biofilm 2078:2084 arg1 hominis 2058:2064 S. hominis 2055:2064 S. hominis 2055:2064 The results indicate that S. hominis is a strong biofilm producer with an extracellular matrix with similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine; and presents high frequency and low expression of icaD gene. 26659110 20 9 theme biofilm 2078:2084 arg1 producer 2086:2093 a strong biofilm producer 2069:2093 a strong biofilm producer 2069:2093 The results indicate that S. hominis is a strong biofilm producer with an extracellular matrix with similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine; and presents high frequency and low expression of icaD gene. 26659110 11 10 dep isolates 1362:1369 arg1 each 1371:1374 each 1371:1374 each 1371:1374 Four clones were detected, with two to five isolates each. 26659110 1 11 theme isolates 401:408 arg1 SCCmec 201:206 SCCmec 201:206 SCCmec 201:206 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 11 theme isolates 401:408 arg1 susceptibility 328:341 antibiotic susceptibility 317:341 antibiotic susceptibility 317:341 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 11 theme isolates 401:408 arg1 formation 244:252 biofilm formation 236:252 biofilm formation 236:252 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 11 theme isolates 401:408 arg1 detection 285:293 icaADBC genes detection 271:293 icaADBC genes detection 271:293 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 11 theme isolates 401:408 arg1 type 209:212 type 209:212 type 209:212 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 11 theme isolates 401:408 arg1 expression 301:310 icaD expression 296:310 icaD expression 296:310 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 11 theme isolates 401:408 arg1 composition 258:268 composition 258:268 composition 258:268 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 11 theme isolates 401:408 arg1 relatedness 223:233 genetic relatedness 215:233 genetic relatedness 215:233 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 11 theme isolates 401:408 arg1 mec 196:198 the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec 157:198 the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec 157:198 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 17 12 theme other 1888:1892 arg1 antimicrobials 1894:1907 other antimicrobials 1888:1907 other antimicrobials 1888:1907 CONCLUSIONS S. hominis isolates were highly resistant to methicillin and other antimicrobials. 26659110 1 13 from type 209:212 arg1 blood 415:419 blood 415:419 blood 415:419 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 14 14 theme icaD 1565:1568 arg1 gene 1570:1573 the icaD gene 1561:1573 the icaD gene 1561:1573 All isolates presented the icaD gene, and 6.66% (1/15) isolates expressed icaD. 26659110 10 15 theme mecA-positive 1244:1256 arg1 isolates 1258:1265 the mecA-positive isolates 1240:1265 the mecA-positive isolates 1240:1265 Of the mecA-positive isolates, 66.7% (38/57) carried a new putative SCCmec type. 26659110 20 16 theme low 2223:2225 arg1 expression 2227:2236 low expression 2223:2236 low expression of icaD gene 2223:2249 The results indicate that S. hominis is a strong biofilm producer with an extracellular matrix with similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine; and presents high frequency and low expression of icaD gene. 26659110 10 17 contain carried 1282:1288 arg2 type 1312:1315 a new putative SCCmec type 1290:1315 a new putative SCCmec type 1290:1315 Of the mecA-positive isolates, 66.7% (38/57) carried a new putative SCCmec type. 26659110 10 17 contain carried 1282:1288 arg1 38/57 1275:1279 38/57 1275:1279 38/57 1275:1279 Of the mecA-positive isolates, 66.7% (38/57) carried a new putative SCCmec type. 26659110 10 17 contain carried 1282:1288 arg1 % 1272:1272 66.7% 1268:1272 66.7% (38/57) 1268:1280 Of the mecA-positive isolates, 66.7% (38/57) carried a new putative SCCmec type. 26659110 1 18 from mec 196:198 arg1 blood 415:419 blood 415:419 blood 415:419 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 19 theme staphylococcal 161:174 arg1 SCCmec 201:206 SCCmec 201:206 SCCmec 201:206 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 19 theme staphylococcal 161:174 arg1 mec 196:198 the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec 157:198 the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec 157:198 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 0 20 theme hominis 92:98 arg1 Isolates 100:107 Staphylococcus hominis Isolates 77:107 Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood 77:118 Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood. 26659110 8 21 theme minimum 1048:1054 arg1 MBEC 1091:1094 MBEC 1091:1094 MBEC 1091:1094 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. 26659110 8 21 theme minimum 1048:1054 arg1 concentration 1076:1088 minimum biofilm eradication concentration 1048:1088 minimum biofilm eradication concentration 1048:1088 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. 26659110 1 22 theme chromosome 185:194 arg1 SCCmec 201:206 SCCmec 201:206 SCCmec 201:206 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 22 theme chromosome 185:194 arg1 mec 196:198 the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec 157:198 the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec 157:198 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 15 23 theme operon 1663:1668 arg1 genes 1650:1654 the five genes 1641:1654 the five genes of ica operon 1641:1668 This isolate presented the five genes of ica operon. 26659110 1 24 theme cells 369:373 arg1 SCCmec 201:206 SCCmec 201:206 SCCmec 201:206 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 24 theme cells 369:373 arg1 susceptibility 328:341 antibiotic susceptibility 317:341 antibiotic susceptibility 317:341 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 24 theme cells 369:373 arg1 formation 244:252 biofilm formation 236:252 biofilm formation 236:252 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 24 theme cells 369:373 arg1 detection 285:293 icaADBC genes detection 271:293 icaADBC genes detection 271:293 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 24 theme cells 369:373 arg1 type 209:212 type 209:212 type 209:212 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 24 theme cells 369:373 arg1 expression 301:310 icaD expression 296:310 icaD expression 296:310 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 24 theme cells 369:373 arg1 composition 258:268 composition 258:268 composition 258:268 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 24 theme cells 369:373 arg1 relatedness 223:233 genetic relatedness 215:233 genetic relatedness 215:233 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 24 theme cells 369:373 arg1 mec 196:198 the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec 157:198 the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec 157:198 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 8 25 theme eradication 1064:1074 arg1 MBEC 1091:1094 MBEC 1091:1094 MBEC 1091:1094 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. 26659110 8 25 theme eradication 1064:1074 arg1 concentration 1076:1088 minimum biofilm eradication concentration 1048:1088 minimum biofilm eradication concentration 1048:1088 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. 26659110 8 26 dep cells 1041:1045 arg1 MBEC 1091:1094 MBEC 1091:1094 MBEC 1091:1094 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. 26659110 8 26 dep cells 1041:1045 arg1 concentration 1076:1088 minimum biofilm eradication concentration 1048:1088 minimum biofilm eradication concentration 1048:1088 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. 26659110 13 27 theme biomass 1463:1469 arg1 composition 1471:1481 Biofilm biomass composition 1455:1481 Biofilm biomass composition 1455:1481 Biofilm biomass composition was heterogeneous (polysaccharides, proteins and DNA). 26659110 16 28 theme MBEC 1685:1688 arg1 values 1690:1695 Higher BI and MBEC values 1671:1695 values 1690:1695 Higher BI and MBEC values than the MIC values were observed for amikacin, vancomycin, linezolid, oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. 26659110 1 29 theme Staphylococcus 378:391 arg1 isolates 401:408 Staphylococcus hominis isolates 378:408 Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood 378:419 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 17 30 theme S. 1827:1828 arg1 isolates 1838:1845 S. hominis isolates 1827:1845 S. hominis isolates 1827:1845 CONCLUSIONS S. hominis isolates were highly resistant to methicillin and other antimicrobials. 26659110 2 31 theme blood 463:467 arg1 isolates 469:476 67 S. hominis blood isolates 449:476 67 S. hominis blood isolates 449:476 METHODS The study included 67 S. hominis blood isolates. 26659110 16 32 theme MIC 1706:1708 arg1 values 1710:1715 the MIC values 1702:1715 the MIC values 1702:1715 Higher BI and MBEC values than the MIC values were observed for amikacin, vancomycin, linezolid, oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. 26659110 6 33 theme crystal 737:743 arg1 violet 745:750 crystal violet 737:750 crystal violet 737:750 Biofilm formation and composition were evaluated by staining with crystal violet and by detachment assay, respectively; and the biofilm index (BI) was determined. 26659110 0 34 theme Antibiotic 0:9 arg1 Susceptibility 11:24 Antibiotic Susceptibility 0:24 Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells 0:41 Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood. 26659110 5 35 theme Genetic 599:605 arg1 relatedness 607:617 Genetic relatedness 599:617 Genetic relatedness 599:617 Genetic relatedness was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. 26659110 2 36 theme S. 452:453 arg1 isolates 469:476 67 S. hominis blood isolates 449:476 67 S. hominis blood isolates 449:476 METHODS The study included 67 S. hominis blood isolates. 26659110 3 37 theme Methicillin 479:489 arg1 resistance 491:500 Methicillin resistance 479:500 Methicillin resistance 479:500 Methicillin resistance was evaluated with the cefoxitin disk test. 26659110 1 38 theme icaD 296:299 arg1 expression 301:310 icaD expression 296:310 icaD expression 296:310 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 20 39 with producer 2086:2093 arg1 matrix 2117:2122 an extracellular matrix 2100:2122 an extracellular matrix with similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine 2100:2188 The results indicate that S. hominis is a strong biofilm producer with an extracellular matrix with similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine; and presents high frequency and low expression of icaD gene. 26659110 9 40 theme RESULTS 1143:1149 arg1 57/67 1172:1176 57/67 1172:1176 57/67 1172:1176 RESULTS Eighty-five percent (57/67) of isolates were methicillin resistant and mecA positive. 26659110 9 40 theme RESULTS 1143:1149 arg1 percent 1163:1169 RESULTS Eighty-five percent 1143:1169 RESULTS Eighty-five percent (57/67) of isolates 1143:1189 RESULTS Eighty-five percent (57/67) of isolates were methicillin resistant and mecA positive. 26659110 8 41 dep concentration 1009:1021 arg1 MIC 1024:1026 MIC 1024:1026 MIC 1024:1026 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. 26659110 10 42 theme SCCmec 1305:1310 arg1 type 1312:1315 a new putative SCCmec type 1290:1315 a new putative SCCmec type 1290:1315 Of the mecA-positive isolates, 66.7% (38/57) carried a new putative SCCmec type. 26659110 0 43 theme Cells 37:41 arg1 Susceptibility 11:24 Antibiotic Susceptibility 0:24 Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells 0:41 Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood. 26659110 0 43 theme Cells 37:41 arg1 Characterisation 57:72 Molecular Characterisation 47:72 Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood 47:118 Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood. 26659110 4 44 theme mecA 546:549 arg1 gene 551:554 mecA gene 546:554 mecA gene 546:554 mecA gene and SCCmec were detected by multiplex PCR. 26659110 0 45 theme Molecular 47:55 arg1 Characterisation 57:72 Molecular Characterisation 47:72 Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood 47:118 Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood. 26659110 1 46 theme antibiotic 317:326 arg1 susceptibility 328:341 antibiotic susceptibility 317:341 antibiotic susceptibility 317:341 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 8 47 theme dilution 1126:1133 arg1 method 1135:1140 the broth dilution method 1116:1140 the broth dilution method 1116:1140 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. 26659110 8 48 theme planktonic 972:981 arg1 cells 983:987 planktonic cells 972:987 planktonic cells 972:987 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. 26659110 18 49 theme SCCmec 1931:1936 arg1 types 1938:1942 the detected SCCmec types 1918:1942 the detected SCCmec types 1918:1942 Most of the detected SCCmec types were different than those described for S. aureus. 26659110 6 50 theme biofilm 799:805 arg1 BI 814:815 BI 814:815 BI 814:815 Biofilm formation and composition were evaluated by staining with crystal violet and by detachment assay, respectively; and the biofilm index (BI) was determined. 26659110 6 50 theme biofilm 799:805 arg1 index 807:811 the biofilm index 795:811 the biofilm index (BI) 795:816 Biofilm formation and composition were evaluated by staining with crystal violet and by detachment assay, respectively; and the biofilm index (BI) was determined. 26659110 16 51 theme Higher 1671:1676 arg1 BI 1678:1679 Higher BI and MBEC values 1671:1695 BI 1678:1679 Higher BI and MBEC values than the MIC values were observed for amikacin, vancomycin, linezolid, oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. 26659110 8 52 theme inhibitory 998:1007 arg1 concentration 1009:1021 minimum inhibitory concentration 990:1021 minimum inhibitory concentration 990:1021 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. 26659110 8 52 theme inhibitory 998:1007 arg1 susceptibilities 952:967 Antibiotic susceptibilities 941:967 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) 941:1027 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. 26659110 20 53 theme gene 2246:2249 arg1 frequency 2209:2217 high frequency 2204:2217 high frequency 2204:2217 The results indicate that S. hominis is a strong biofilm producer with an extracellular matrix with similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine; and presents high frequency and low expression of icaD gene. 26659110 20 53 theme gene 2246:2249 arg1 expression 2227:2236 low expression 2223:2236 low expression of icaD gene 2223:2249 The results indicate that S. hominis is a strong biofilm producer with an extracellular matrix with similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine; and presents high frequency and low expression of icaD gene. 26659110 6 54 theme detachment 759:768 arg1 assay 770:774 detachment assay 759:774 detachment assay 759:774 Biofilm formation and composition were evaluated by staining with crystal violet and by detachment assay, respectively; and the biofilm index (BI) was determined. 26659110 3 55 theme cefoxitin 525:533 arg1 test 540:543 the cefoxitin disk test 521:543 the cefoxitin disk test 521:543 Methicillin resistance was evaluated with the cefoxitin disk test. 26659110 7 56 theme real-time 912:920 arg1 PCR 922:924 real-time PCR 912:924 real-time PCR 912:924 Detection and expression of icaADBC genes were performed by multiplex PCR and real-time PCR, respectively. 26659110 12 57 theme strong 1429:1434 arg1 % 1399:1399 91% 1397:1399 91% (61/67) 1397:1407 Among all isolates, 91% (61/67) were categorised as strong biofilm producers. 26659110 12 57 theme strong 1429:1434 arg1 producers 1444:1452 strong biofilm producers 1429:1452 strong biofilm producers 1429:1452 Among all isolates, 91% (61/67) were categorised as strong biofilm producers. 26659110 1 58 theme icaADBC 271:277 arg1 detection 285:293 icaADBC genes detection 271:293 icaADBC genes detection 271:293 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 20 59 with matrix 2117:2122 arg1 composition 2137:2147 similar composition 2129:2147 similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine 2129:2188 The results indicate that S. hominis is a strong biofilm producer with an extracellular matrix with similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine; and presents high frequency and low expression of icaD gene. 26659110 5 60 theme gel 650:652 arg1 electrophoresis 654:668 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis 637:668 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis 637:668 Genetic relatedness was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. 26659110 20 61 theme strong 2071:2076 arg1 hominis 2058:2064 S. hominis 2055:2064 S. hominis 2055:2064 The results indicate that S. hominis is a strong biofilm producer with an extracellular matrix with similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine; and presents high frequency and low expression of icaD gene. 26659110 20 61 theme strong 2071:2076 arg1 producer 2086:2093 a strong biofilm producer 2069:2093 a strong biofilm producer 2069:2093 The results indicate that S. hominis is a strong biofilm producer with an extracellular matrix with similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine; and presents high frequency and low expression of icaD gene. 26659110 8 62 theme biofilm 1033:1039 arg1 cells 1041:1045 biofilm cells 1033:1045 biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) 1033:1095 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. 26659110 1 63 from detection 285:293 arg1 blood 415:419 blood 415:419 blood 415:419 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 11 64 dep five 1357:1360 arg1 to 1354:1355 to 1354:1355 to 1354:1355 Four clones were detected, with two to five isolates each. 26659110 21 65 theme antibiotic 2300:2309 arg1 resistance 2311:2320 increased antibiotic resistance 2290:2320 increased antibiotic resistance 2290:2320 Biofilm production is associated with increased antibiotic resistance. 26659110 7 66 theme icaADBC 862:868 arg1 genes 870:874 icaADBC genes 862:874 icaADBC genes 862:874 Detection and expression of icaADBC genes were performed by multiplex PCR and real-time PCR, respectively. 26659110 20 67 theme extracellular 2103:2115 arg1 matrix 2117:2122 an extracellular matrix 2100:2122 an extracellular matrix with similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine 2100:2188 The results indicate that S. hominis is a strong biofilm producer with an extracellular matrix with similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine; and presents high frequency and low expression of icaD gene. 26659110 21 68 theme Biofilm 2252:2258 arg1 production 2260:2269 Biofilm production 2252:2269 Biofilm production 2252:2269 Biofilm production is associated with increased antibiotic resistance. 26659110 1 69 from composition 258:268 arg1 blood 415:419 blood 415:419 blood 415:419 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 70 theme genetic 215:221 arg1 relatedness 223:233 genetic relatedness 215:233 genetic relatedness 215:233 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 13 71 dep heterogeneous 1487:1499 arg1 DNA 1532:1534 DNA 1532:1534 DNA 1532:1534 Biofilm biomass composition was heterogeneous (polysaccharides, proteins and DNA). 26659110 13 71 dep heterogeneous 1487:1499 arg1 proteins 1519:1526 proteins 1519:1526 proteins 1519:1526 Biofilm biomass composition was heterogeneous (polysaccharides, proteins and DNA). 26659110 13 71 dep heterogeneous 1487:1499 arg1 polysaccharides 1502:1516 polysaccharides 1502:1516 polysaccharides 1502:1516 Biofilm biomass composition was heterogeneous (polysaccharides, proteins and DNA). 26659110 1 72 from formation 244:252 arg1 blood 415:419 blood 415:419 blood 415:419 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 73 from relatedness 223:233 arg1 blood 415:419 blood 415:419 blood 415:419 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 20 74 theme similar 2129:2135 arg1 composition 2137:2147 similar composition 2129:2147 similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine 2129:2188 The results indicate that S. hominis is a strong biofilm producer with an extracellular matrix with similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine; and presents high frequency and low expression of icaD gene. 26659110 0 75 from Blood 114:118 arg1 Isolates 100:107 Staphylococcus hominis Isolates 77:107 Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood 77:118 Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood. 26659110 0 75 from Blood 114:118 arg1 Susceptibility 11:24 Antibiotic Susceptibility 0:24 Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells 0:41 Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood. 26659110 0 75 from Blood 114:118 arg1 Characterisation 57:72 Molecular Characterisation 47:72 Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood 47:118 Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood. 26659110 0 76 theme Staphylococcus 77:90 arg1 Isolates 100:107 Staphylococcus hominis Isolates 77:107 Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood 77:118 Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood. 26659110 1 77 dep OBJECTIVES 121:130 arg1 aimed 135:139 aimed 135:139 aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood 135:419 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 6 78 theme Biofilm 671:677 arg1 formation 679:687 Biofilm formation 671:687 Biofilm formation 671:687 Biofilm formation and composition were evaluated by staining with crystal violet and by detachment assay, respectively; and the biofilm index (BI) was determined. 26659110 0 79 theme Isolates 100:107 arg1 Susceptibility 11:24 Antibiotic Susceptibility 0:24 Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells 0:41 Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood. 26659110 0 79 theme Isolates 100:107 arg1 Characterisation 57:72 Molecular Characterisation 47:72 Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood 47:118 Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood. 26659110 1 80 theme planktonic 346:355 arg1 cells 369:373 planktonic and biofilm cells 346:373 planktonic and biofilm cells 346:373 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 8 81 theme biofilm 1056:1062 arg1 MBEC 1091:1094 MBEC 1091:1094 MBEC 1091:1094 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. 26659110 8 81 theme biofilm 1056:1062 arg1 concentration 1076:1088 minimum biofilm eradication concentration 1048:1088 minimum biofilm eradication concentration 1048:1088 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. 26659110 18 82 theme detected 1922:1929 arg1 types 1938:1942 the detected SCCmec types 1918:1942 the detected SCCmec types 1918:1942 Most of the detected SCCmec types were different than those described for S. aureus. 26659110 1 83 theme cassette 176:183 arg1 SCCmec 201:206 SCCmec 201:206 SCCmec 201:206 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 83 theme cassette 176:183 arg1 mec 196:198 the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec 157:198 the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec 157:198 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 0 84 from Susceptibility 11:24 arg1 Blood 114:118 Blood 114:118 Blood 114:118 Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood. 26659110 15 85 theme ica 1659:1661 arg1 operon 1663:1668 ica operon 1659:1668 ica operon 1659:1668 This isolate presented the five genes of ica operon. 26659110 1 86 from blood 415:419 arg1 SCCmec 201:206 SCCmec 201:206 SCCmec 201:206 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 86 from blood 415:419 arg1 susceptibility 328:341 antibiotic susceptibility 317:341 antibiotic susceptibility 317:341 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 86 from blood 415:419 arg1 formation 244:252 biofilm formation 236:252 biofilm formation 236:252 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 86 from blood 415:419 arg1 detection 285:293 icaADBC genes detection 271:293 icaADBC genes detection 271:293 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 86 from blood 415:419 arg1 type 209:212 type 209:212 type 209:212 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 86 from blood 415:419 arg1 expression 301:310 icaD expression 296:310 icaD expression 296:310 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 86 from blood 415:419 arg1 composition 258:268 composition 258:268 composition 258:268 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 86 from blood 415:419 arg1 relatedness 223:233 genetic relatedness 215:233 genetic relatedness 215:233 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 86 from blood 415:419 arg1 mec 196:198 the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec 157:198 the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec 157:198 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 86 from blood 415:419 arg1 isolates 401:408 Staphylococcus hominis isolates 378:408 Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood 378:419 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 1 87 theme biofilm 361:367 arg1 cells 369:373 planktonic and biofilm cells 346:373 planktonic and biofilm cells 346:373 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 14 88 theme % 1584:1584 arg1 isolates 1593:1600 6.66% (1/15) isolates 1580:1600 6.66% (1/15) isolates 1580:1600 All isolates presented the icaD gene, and 6.66% (1/15) isolates expressed icaD. 26659110 0 89 from Characterisation 57:72 arg1 Blood 114:118 Blood 114:118 Blood 114:118 Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood. 26659110 10 90 theme putative 1296:1303 arg1 type 1312:1315 a new putative SCCmec type 1290:1315 a new putative SCCmec type 1290:1315 Of the mecA-positive isolates, 66.7% (38/57) carried a new putative SCCmec type. 26659110 2 91 dep S. 452:453 arg1 hominis 455:461 hominis 455:461 hominis 455:461 METHODS The study included 67 S. hominis blood isolates. 26659110 5 92 theme pulsed-field 637:648 arg1 electrophoresis 654:668 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis 637:668 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis 637:668 Genetic relatedness was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. 26659110 19 93 theme low 2014:2016 arg1 clonality 2018:2026 low clonality 2014:2026 low clonality 2014:2026 Isolates indicated low clonality. 26659110 1 94 theme hominis 393:399 arg1 isolates 401:408 Staphylococcus hominis isolates 378:408 Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood 378:419 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 17 95 theme hominis 1830:1836 arg1 isolates 1838:1845 S. hominis isolates 1827:1845 S. hominis isolates 1827:1845 CONCLUSIONS S. hominis isolates were highly resistant to methicillin and other antimicrobials. 26659110 0 96 theme Biofilm 29:35 arg1 Cells 37:41 Biofilm Cells 29:41 Biofilm Cells 29:41 Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood. 26659110 20 97 theme N-acetylglucosamine 2170:2188 arg1 composition 2137:2147 similar composition 2129:2147 similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine 2129:2188 The results indicate that S. hominis is a strong biofilm producer with an extracellular matrix with similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine; and presents high frequency and low expression of icaD gene. 26659110 4 98 theme multiplex 584:592 arg1 PCR 594:596 multiplex PCR 584:596 multiplex PCR 584:596 mecA gene and SCCmec were detected by multiplex PCR. 26659110 10 99 theme new 1292:1294 arg1 type 1312:1315 a new putative SCCmec type 1290:1315 a new putative SCCmec type 1290:1315 Of the mecA-positive isolates, 66.7% (38/57) carried a new putative SCCmec type. 26659110 8 100 theme broth 1120:1124 arg1 method 1135:1140 the broth dilution method 1116:1140 the broth dilution method 1116:1140 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. 26659110 2 101 dep METHODS 422:428 arg1 included 440:447 included 440:447 included 67 S. hominis blood isolates 440:476 METHODS The study included 67 S. hominis blood isolates. 26659110 9 102 theme Eighty-five 1151:1161 arg1 57/67 1172:1176 57/67 1172:1176 57/67 1172:1176 RESULTS Eighty-five percent (57/67) of isolates were methicillin resistant and mecA positive. 26659110 9 102 theme Eighty-five 1151:1161 arg1 percent 1163:1169 RESULTS Eighty-five percent 1143:1169 RESULTS Eighty-five percent (57/67) of isolates 1143:1189 RESULTS Eighty-five percent (57/67) of isolates were methicillin resistant and mecA positive. 26659110 13 103 theme Biofilm 1455:1461 arg1 composition 1471:1481 Biofilm biomass composition 1455:1481 Biofilm biomass composition 1455:1481 Biofilm biomass composition was heterogeneous (polysaccharides, proteins and DNA). 26659110 17 104 dep CONCLUSIONS 1815:1825 arg1 resistant 1859:1867 resistant 1859:1867 resistant 1859:1867 CONCLUSIONS S. hominis isolates were highly resistant to methicillin and other antimicrobials. 26659110 20 105 theme proteins 2152:2159 arg1 composition 2137:2147 similar composition 2129:2147 similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine 2129:2188 The results indicate that S. hominis is a strong biofilm producer with an extracellular matrix with similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine; and presents high frequency and low expression of icaD gene. 26659110 8 106 theme Antibiotic 941:950 arg1 concentration 1009:1021 minimum inhibitory concentration 990:1021 minimum inhibitory concentration 990:1021 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. 26659110 8 106 theme Antibiotic 941:950 arg1 susceptibilities 952:967 Antibiotic susceptibilities 941:967 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) 941:1027 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. 26659110 20 107 theme DNA 2162:2164 arg1 composition 2137:2147 similar composition 2129:2147 similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine 2129:2188 The results indicate that S. hominis is a strong biofilm producer with an extracellular matrix with similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine; and presents high frequency and low expression of icaD gene. 26659110 12 108 theme biofilm 1436:1442 arg1 % 1399:1399 91% 1397:1399 91% (61/67) 1397:1407 Among all isolates, 91% (61/67) were categorised as strong biofilm producers. 26659110 12 108 theme biofilm 1436:1442 arg1 producers 1444:1452 strong biofilm producers 1429:1452 strong biofilm producers 1429:1452 Among all isolates, 91% (61/67) were categorised as strong biofilm producers. 26659110 6 109 with staining 723:730 arg1 violet 745:750 crystal violet 737:750 crystal violet 737:750 Biofilm formation and composition were evaluated by staining with crystal violet and by detachment assay, respectively; and the biofilm index (BI) was determined. 26659110 1 110 theme biofilm 236:242 arg1 formation 244:252 biofilm formation 236:252 biofilm formation 236:252 OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood. 26659110 8 111 theme cells 983:987 arg1 concentration 1009:1021 minimum inhibitory concentration 990:1021 minimum inhibitory concentration 990:1021 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. 26659110 8 111 theme cells 983:987 arg1 cells 1041:1045 biofilm cells 1033:1045 biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) 1033:1095 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. 26659110 8 111 theme cells 983:987 arg1 susceptibilities 952:967 Antibiotic susceptibilities 941:967 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) 941:1027 Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method. 26659110 9 112 theme isolates 1182:1189 arg1 57/67 1172:1176 57/67 1172:1176 57/67 1172:1176 RESULTS Eighty-five percent (57/67) of isolates were methicillin resistant and mecA positive. 26659110 9 112 theme isolates 1182:1189 arg1 percent 1163:1169 RESULTS Eighty-five percent 1143:1169 RESULTS Eighty-five percent (57/67) of isolates 1143:1189 RESULTS Eighty-five percent (57/67) of isolates were methicillin resistant and mecA positive. 26659110 20 113 theme icaD 2241:2244 arg1 gene 2246:2249 icaD gene 2241:2249 icaD gene 2241:2249 The results indicate that S. hominis is a strong biofilm producer with an extracellular matrix with similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine; and presents high frequency and low expression of icaD gene. 27619788 1 0 theme p-nitrophenyl 181:193 arg1 peptides 205:212 p-nitrophenyl thioester peptides 181:212 p-nitrophenyl thioester peptides 181:212 An efficient N-linked glycosylation reaction between glycosylamines and p-nitrophenyl thioester peptides has been developed. 27619788 0 1 theme Thioesters 85:94 arg1 Aminolysis 51:60 Aminolysis 51:60 Aminolysis of ω-Asp p-Nitrophenyl Thioesters in Solution 51:106 Convergent Synthesis of N-Linked Glycopeptides via Aminolysis of ω-Asp p-Nitrophenyl Thioesters in Solution. 27619788 1 2 theme thioester 195:203 arg1 peptides 205:212 p-nitrophenyl thioester peptides 181:212 p-nitrophenyl thioester peptides 181:212 An efficient N-linked glycosylation reaction between glycosylamines and p-nitrophenyl thioester peptides has been developed. 27619788 3 3 contain containing 455:464 arg2 Thz 480:482 an N-terminal Thz 466:482 an N-terminal Thz 466:482 By means of this convergent strategy, a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment containing an N-terminal Thz and a C-terminal thioester was readily prepared, which is available for the synthesis of long glycopeptides and glycoproteins using the protocol of native chemical ligation. 27619788 3 3 contain containing 455:464 arg1 fragment 446:453 a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment 419:453 a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment containing an N-terminal Thz and a C-terminal thioester 419:509 By means of this convergent strategy, a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment containing an N-terminal Thz and a C-terminal thioester was readily prepared, which is available for the synthesis of long glycopeptides and glycoproteins using the protocol of native chemical ligation. 27619788 3 3 contain containing 455:464 arg2 thioester 501:509 a C-terminal thioester 488:509 a C-terminal thioester 488:509 By means of this convergent strategy, a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment containing an N-terminal Thz and a C-terminal thioester was readily prepared, which is available for the synthesis of long glycopeptides and glycoproteins using the protocol of native chemical ligation. 27619788 3 4 theme glycoproteins 596:608 arg1 synthesis 560:568 the synthesis 556:568 the synthesis of long glycopeptides and glycoproteins using the protocol of native chemical ligation 556:655 By means of this convergent strategy, a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment containing an N-terminal Thz and a C-terminal thioester was readily prepared, which is available for the synthesis of long glycopeptides and glycoproteins using the protocol of native chemical ligation. 27619788 0 5 from Aminolysis 51:60 arg1 Solution 99:106 Solution 99:106 Solution 99:106 Convergent Synthesis of N-Linked Glycopeptides via Aminolysis of ω-Asp p-Nitrophenyl Thioesters in Solution. 27619788 2 6 theme acid 318:321 arg1 group 323:327 the C-terminal free carboxylic acid group 287:327 the C-terminal free carboxylic acid group 287:327 The reaction conditions are mild and compatible with the C-terminal free carboxylic acid group and the unprotected N-linked sialyloligosaccharide. 27619788 3 7 theme C-terminal 490:499 arg1 thioester 501:509 a C-terminal thioester 488:509 a C-terminal thioester 488:509 By means of this convergent strategy, a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment containing an N-terminal Thz and a C-terminal thioester was readily prepared, which is available for the synthesis of long glycopeptides and glycoproteins using the protocol of native chemical ligation. 27619788 3 8 theme convergent 398:407 arg1 strategy 409:416 this convergent strategy 393:416 this convergent strategy 393:416 By means of this convergent strategy, a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment containing an N-terminal Thz and a C-terminal thioester was readily prepared, which is available for the synthesis of long glycopeptides and glycoproteins using the protocol of native chemical ligation. 27619788 3 9 gly N-glycopeptide 431:444 arg2 N-glycopeptide 431:444 a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment 419:453 a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment containing an N-terminal Thz and a C-terminal thioester 419:509 By means of this convergent strategy, a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment containing an N-terminal Thz and a C-terminal thioester was readily prepared, which is available for the synthesis of long glycopeptides and glycoproteins using the protocol of native chemical ligation. 27619788 2 10 theme carboxylic 307:316 arg1 group 323:327 the C-terminal free carboxylic acid group 287:327 the C-terminal free carboxylic acid group 287:327 The reaction conditions are mild and compatible with the C-terminal free carboxylic acid group and the unprotected N-linked sialyloligosaccharide. 27619788 3 11 theme N-glycopeptide 431:444 arg1 fragment 446:453 a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment 419:453 a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment containing an N-terminal Thz and a C-terminal thioester 419:509 By means of this convergent strategy, a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment containing an N-terminal Thz and a C-terminal thioester was readily prepared, which is available for the synthesis of long glycopeptides and glycoproteins using the protocol of native chemical ligation. 27619788 0 12 theme Convergent 0:9 arg1 Synthesis 11:19 Convergent Synthesis 0:19 Convergent Synthesis of N-Linked Glycopeptides via Aminolysis of ω-Asp p-Nitrophenyl Thioesters in Solution. 0:107 Convergent Synthesis of N-Linked Glycopeptides via Aminolysis of ω-Asp p-Nitrophenyl Thioesters in Solution. 27619788 2 13 with mild 262:265 arg1 group 323:327 the C-terminal free carboxylic acid group 287:327 the C-terminal free carboxylic acid group 287:327 The reaction conditions are mild and compatible with the C-terminal free carboxylic acid group and the unprotected N-linked sialyloligosaccharide. 27619788 2 13 with mild 262:265 arg1 sialyloligosaccharide 358:378 the unprotected N-linked sialyloligosaccharide 333:378 the unprotected N-linked sialyloligosaccharide 333:378 The reaction conditions are mild and compatible with the C-terminal free carboxylic acid group and the unprotected N-linked sialyloligosaccharide. 27619788 2 14 theme N-linked 349:356 arg1 sialyloligosaccharide 358:378 the unprotected N-linked sialyloligosaccharide 333:378 the unprotected N-linked sialyloligosaccharide 333:378 The reaction conditions are mild and compatible with the C-terminal free carboxylic acid group and the unprotected N-linked sialyloligosaccharide. 27619788 0 15 theme N-Linked 24:31 arg1 Glycopeptides 33:45 N-Linked Glycopeptides 24:45 N-Linked Glycopeptides 24:45 Convergent Synthesis of N-Linked Glycopeptides via Aminolysis of ω-Asp p-Nitrophenyl Thioesters in Solution. 27619788 2 16 theme unprotected 337:347 arg1 sialyloligosaccharide 358:378 the unprotected N-linked sialyloligosaccharide 333:378 the unprotected N-linked sialyloligosaccharide 333:378 The reaction conditions are mild and compatible with the C-terminal free carboxylic acid group and the unprotected N-linked sialyloligosaccharide. 27619788 3 17 theme native 632:637 arg1 ligation 648:655 native chemical ligation 632:655 native chemical ligation 632:655 By means of this convergent strategy, a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment containing an N-terminal Thz and a C-terminal thioester was readily prepared, which is available for the synthesis of long glycopeptides and glycoproteins using the protocol of native chemical ligation. 27619788 3 18 theme glycopeptides 578:590 arg1 synthesis 560:568 the synthesis 556:568 the synthesis of long glycopeptides and glycoproteins using the protocol of native chemical ligation 556:655 By means of this convergent strategy, a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment containing an N-terminal Thz and a C-terminal thioester was readily prepared, which is available for the synthesis of long glycopeptides and glycoproteins using the protocol of native chemical ligation. 27619788 1 19 theme efficient 112:120 arg1 reaction 145:152 An efficient N-linked glycosylation reaction 109:152 An efficient N-linked glycosylation reaction between glycosylamines and p-nitrophenyl thioester peptides 109:212 An efficient N-linked glycosylation reaction between glycosylamines and p-nitrophenyl thioester peptides has been developed. 27619788 3 20 theme N-terminal 469:478 arg1 Thz 480:482 an N-terminal Thz 466:482 an N-terminal Thz 466:482 By means of this convergent strategy, a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment containing an N-terminal Thz and a C-terminal thioester was readily prepared, which is available for the synthesis of long glycopeptides and glycoproteins using the protocol of native chemical ligation. 27619788 0 21 from Thioesters 85:94 arg1 Solution 99:106 Solution 99:106 Solution 99:106 Convergent Synthesis of N-Linked Glycopeptides via Aminolysis of ω-Asp p-Nitrophenyl Thioesters in Solution. 27619788 0 22 theme Glycopeptides 33:45 arg1 Synthesis 11:19 Convergent Synthesis 0:19 Convergent Synthesis of N-Linked Glycopeptides via Aminolysis of ω-Asp p-Nitrophenyl Thioesters in Solution. 0:107 Convergent Synthesis of N-Linked Glycopeptides via Aminolysis of ω-Asp p-Nitrophenyl Thioesters in Solution. 27619788 3 23 theme chemical 639:646 arg1 ligation 648:655 native chemical ligation 632:655 native chemical ligation 632:655 By means of this convergent strategy, a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment containing an N-terminal Thz and a C-terminal thioester was readily prepared, which is available for the synthesis of long glycopeptides and glycoproteins using the protocol of native chemical ligation. 27619788 1 24 theme N-linked 122:129 arg1 reaction 145:152 An efficient N-linked glycosylation reaction 109:152 An efficient N-linked glycosylation reaction between glycosylamines and p-nitrophenyl thioester peptides 109:212 An efficient N-linked glycosylation reaction between glycosylamines and p-nitrophenyl thioester peptides has been developed. 27619788 3 25 theme ligation 648:655 arg1 protocol 620:627 the protocol 616:627 the protocol of native chemical ligation 616:655 By means of this convergent strategy, a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment containing an N-terminal Thz and a C-terminal thioester was readily prepared, which is available for the synthesis of long glycopeptides and glycoproteins using the protocol of native chemical ligation. 27619788 1 26 theme glycosylation 131:143 arg1 reaction 145:152 An efficient N-linked glycosylation reaction 109:152 An efficient N-linked glycosylation reaction between glycosylamines and p-nitrophenyl thioester peptides 109:212 An efficient N-linked glycosylation reaction between glycosylamines and p-nitrophenyl thioester peptides has been developed. 27619788 2 27 link N-linked 349:356 arg1 sialyloligosaccharide 358:378 the unprotected N-linked sialyloligosaccharide 333:378 the unprotected N-linked sialyloligosaccharide 333:378 The reaction conditions are mild and compatible with the C-terminal free carboxylic acid group and the unprotected N-linked sialyloligosaccharide. 27619788 1 28 link N-linked 122:129 arg1 reaction 145:152 An efficient N-linked glycosylation reaction 109:152 An efficient N-linked glycosylation reaction between glycosylamines and p-nitrophenyl thioester peptides 109:212 An efficient N-linked glycosylation reaction between glycosylamines and p-nitrophenyl thioester peptides has been developed. 27619788 2 29 theme reaction 238:245 arg1 mild 262:265 mild 262:265 mild 262:265 The reaction conditions are mild and compatible with the C-terminal free carboxylic acid group and the unprotected N-linked sialyloligosaccharide. 27619788 2 29 theme reaction 238:245 arg1 conditions 247:256 The reaction conditions 234:256 The reaction conditions 234:256 The reaction conditions are mild and compatible with the C-terminal free carboxylic acid group and the unprotected N-linked sialyloligosaccharide. 27619788 2 30 theme free 302:305 arg1 group 323:327 the C-terminal free carboxylic acid group 287:327 the C-terminal free carboxylic acid group 287:327 The reaction conditions are mild and compatible with the C-terminal free carboxylic acid group and the unprotected N-linked sialyloligosaccharide. 27619788 3 31 gly glycopeptides 578:590 arg2 glycopeptides 578:590 long glycopeptides 573:590 long glycopeptides 573:590 By means of this convergent strategy, a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment containing an N-terminal Thz and a C-terminal thioester was readily prepared, which is available for the synthesis of long glycopeptides and glycoproteins using the protocol of native chemical ligation. 27619788 2 32 theme C-terminal 291:300 arg1 group 323:327 the C-terminal free carboxylic acid group 287:327 the C-terminal free carboxylic acid group 287:327 The reaction conditions are mild and compatible with the C-terminal free carboxylic acid group and the unprotected N-linked sialyloligosaccharide. 27619788 3 33 theme long 573:576 arg1 glycopeptides 578:590 long glycopeptides 573:590 long glycopeptides 573:590 By means of this convergent strategy, a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment containing an N-terminal Thz and a C-terminal thioester was readily prepared, which is available for the synthesis of long glycopeptides and glycoproteins using the protocol of native chemical ligation. 27619788 0 34 theme p-Nitrophenyl 71:83 arg1 Thioesters 85:94 ω-Asp p-Nitrophenyl Thioesters 65:94 ω-Asp p-Nitrophenyl Thioesters in Solution 65:106 Convergent Synthesis of N-Linked Glycopeptides via Aminolysis of ω-Asp p-Nitrophenyl Thioesters in Solution. 27619788 0 35 from Solution 99:106 arg1 Aminolysis 51:60 Aminolysis 51:60 Aminolysis of ω-Asp p-Nitrophenyl Thioesters in Solution 51:106 Convergent Synthesis of N-Linked Glycopeptides via Aminolysis of ω-Asp p-Nitrophenyl Thioesters in Solution. 27619788 0 36 theme ω-Asp 65:69 arg1 Thioesters 85:94 ω-Asp p-Nitrophenyl Thioesters 65:94 ω-Asp p-Nitrophenyl Thioesters in Solution 65:106 Convergent Synthesis of N-Linked Glycopeptides via Aminolysis of ω-Asp p-Nitrophenyl Thioesters in Solution. 27619788 3 37 theme versatile 421:429 arg1 fragment 446:453 a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment 419:453 a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment containing an N-terminal Thz and a C-terminal thioester 419:509 By means of this convergent strategy, a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment containing an N-terminal Thz and a C-terminal thioester was readily prepared, which is available for the synthesis of long glycopeptides and glycoproteins using the protocol of native chemical ligation. 27619788 3 38 gly glycoproteins 596:608 arg1 glycoproteins 596:608 glycoproteins 596:608 glycoproteins 596:608 By means of this convergent strategy, a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment containing an N-terminal Thz and a C-terminal thioester was readily prepared, which is available for the synthesis of long glycopeptides and glycoproteins using the protocol of native chemical ligation. 25299644 0 0 theme spore 89:93 arg1 maturation 104:113 spore envelope maturation 89:113 spore envelope maturation in Bacillus subtilis 89:134 Developmentally-regulated excision of the SPβ prophage reconstitutes a gene required for spore envelope maturation in Bacillus subtilis. 25299644 1 1 theme host 254:257 arg1 genome 259:264 the host genome 250:264 the host genome 250:264 Temperate phages infect bacteria by injecting their DNA into bacterial cells, where it becomes incorporated into the host genome as a prophage. 25299644 10 2 theme spore 1421:1425 arg1 surface 1427:1433 the spore surface 1417:1433 the spore surface 1417:1433 The presence of polysaccharides on the spore surface renders the spore hydrophilic in water. 25299644 10 3 from water 1468:1472 arg1 hydrophilic 1453:1463 hydrophilic 1453:1463 hydrophilic 1453:1463 The presence of polysaccharides on the spore surface renders the spore hydrophilic in water. 25299644 12 4 theme gene 1779:1782 arg1 rearrangement 1784:1796 gene rearrangement 1779:1796 gene rearrangement 1779:1796 A similar rearrangement occurs in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, where a SPβ-like element is excised during sporulation to reconstitute a polysaccharide synthesis gene, suggesting that this type of gene rearrangement is common in spore-forming bacteria because it can be spread by phage infection. 25299644 12 5 theme similar 1580:1586 arg1 rearrangement 1588:1600 A similar rearrangement 1578:1600 A similar rearrangement 1578:1600 A similar rearrangement occurs in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, where a SPβ-like element is excised during sporulation to reconstitute a polysaccharide synthesis gene, suggesting that this type of gene rearrangement is common in spore-forming bacteria because it can be spread by phage infection. 25299644 6 6 theme vegetative 915:924 arg1 growth 926:931 vegetative growth 915:931 vegetative growth 915:931 While expression of sprA was observed during vegetative growth, sprB was induced during sporulation and upon mitomycin C treatment, which triggers the phage lytic cycle. 25299644 7 7 theme sprA 1101:1104 arg1 sprB 1084:1087 sprB 1084:1087 sprB (but not of sprA) 1084:1105 We also demonstrated that overexpression of sprB (but not of sprA) resulted in SPβ prophage excision without triggering the lytic cycle. 25299644 0 8 theme envelope 95:102 arg1 maturation 104:113 spore envelope maturation 89:113 spore envelope maturation in Bacillus subtilis 89:134 Developmentally-regulated excision of the SPβ prophage reconstitutes a gene required for spore envelope maturation in Bacillus subtilis. 25299644 6 9 theme lytic 1027:1031 arg1 cycle 1033:1037 the phage lytic cycle 1017:1037 the phage lytic cycle 1017:1037 While expression of sprA was observed during vegetative growth, sprB was induced during sporulation and upon mitomycin C treatment, which triggers the phage lytic cycle. 25299644 10 10 theme hydrophilic 1453:1463 arg1 spore 1447:1451 the spore 1443:1451 the spore hydrophilic in water 1443:1472 The presence of polysaccharides on the spore surface renders the spore hydrophilic in water. 25299644 11 11 theme water 1566:1570 arg1 flow 1572:1575 water flow 1566:1575 water flow 1566:1575 This property may be beneficial in allowing spores to disperse in natural environments via water flow. 25299644 5 12 theme excision 752:759 arg1 activity 761:768 the SPβ excision activity 744:768 the SPβ excision activity during sporulation 744:787 A minimized SPβ, where all the SPβ genes were deleted, except sprA and sprB, retained the SPβ excision activity during sporulation, demonstrating that sprA and sprB are necessary and sufficient for the excision. 25299644 4 13 theme putative 584:591 arg1 recombinase 607:617 a putative site-specific recombinase 582:617 a putative site-specific recombinase 582:617 SPβ excision requires a putative site-specific recombinase, SprA, and an accessory protein, SprB. 25299644 3 14 theme composite 492:500 arg1 gene 507:510 a functional composite spsM gene 479:510 a functional composite spsM gene 479:510 Here, we show that a rearrangement occurs during sporulation to reconstitute a functional composite spsM gene by precise excision of SPβ from the chromosome. 25299644 9 15 theme polysaccharides 1343:1357 arg1 addition 1331:1338 the addition 1327:1338 the addition of polysaccharides to the spore envelope 1327:1379 Furthermore, we provide evidence that spsM is essential for the addition of polysaccharides to the spore envelope. 25299644 11 16 theme natural 1541:1547 arg1 environments 1549:1560 natural environments 1541:1560 natural environments 1541:1560 This property may be beneficial in allowing spores to disperse in natural environments via water flow. 25299644 12 17 theme rearrangement 1784:1796 arg1 type 1771:1774 this type 1766:1774 this type of gene rearrangement 1766:1796 A similar rearrangement occurs in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, where a SPβ-like element is excised during sporulation to reconstitute a polysaccharide synthesis gene, suggesting that this type of gene rearrangement is common in spore-forming bacteria because it can be spread by phage infection. 25299644 3 18 theme spsM 502:505 arg1 gene 507:510 a functional composite spsM gene 479:510 a functional composite spsM gene 479:510 Here, we show that a rearrangement occurs during sporulation to reconstitute a functional composite spsM gene by precise excision of SPβ from the chromosome. 25299644 12 19 theme phage 1862:1866 arg1 infection 1868:1876 phage infection 1862:1876 phage infection 1862:1876 A similar rearrangement occurs in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, where a SPβ-like element is excised during sporulation to reconstitute a polysaccharide synthesis gene, suggesting that this type of gene rearrangement is common in spore-forming bacteria because it can be spread by phage infection. 25299644 2 20 theme subtilis 307:314 arg1 genome 288:293 the genome 284:293 the genome of Bacillus subtilis 168 284:318 In the genome of Bacillus subtilis 168, an active prophage, SPβ, is inserted into a polysaccharide synthesis gene, spsM. 25299644 6 21 theme C 989:989 arg1 treatment 991:999 mitomycin C treatment 979:999 mitomycin C treatment 979:999 While expression of sprA was observed during vegetative growth, sprB was induced during sporulation and upon mitomycin C treatment, which triggers the phage lytic cycle. 25299644 0 22 theme Developmentally-regulated 0:24 arg1 excision 26:33 Developmentally-regulated excision 0:33 Developmentally-regulated excision of the SPβ prophage 0:53 Developmentally-regulated excision of the SPβ prophage reconstitutes a gene required for spore envelope maturation in Bacillus subtilis. 25299644 2 23 theme Bacillus 298:305 arg1 subtilis 307:314 Bacillus subtilis 168 298:318 Bacillus subtilis 168 298:318 In the genome of Bacillus subtilis 168, an active prophage, SPβ, is inserted into a polysaccharide synthesis gene, spsM. 25299644 1 24 theme bacterial 198:206 arg1 cells 208:212 bacterial cells 198:212 bacterial cells 198:212 Temperate phages infect bacteria by injecting their DNA into bacterial cells, where it becomes incorporated into the host genome as a prophage. 25299644 12 25 theme spore-forming 1811:1823 arg1 bacteria 1825:1832 spore-forming bacteria 1811:1832 spore-forming bacteria 1811:1832 A similar rearrangement occurs in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, where a SPβ-like element is excised during sporulation to reconstitute a polysaccharide synthesis gene, suggesting that this type of gene rearrangement is common in spore-forming bacteria because it can be spread by phage infection. 25299644 6 26 theme sprA 890:893 arg1 expression 876:885 expression 876:885 expression of sprA 876:893 While expression of sprA was observed during vegetative growth, sprB was induced during sporulation and upon mitomycin C treatment, which triggers the phage lytic cycle. 25299644 10 27 attach presence 1386:1393 arg2 polysaccharides 1398:1412 polysaccharides 1398:1412 polysaccharides 1398:1412 The presence of polysaccharides on the spore surface renders the spore hydrophilic in water. 25299644 10 27 attach presence 1386:1393 arg1 surface 1427:1433 the spore surface 1417:1433 the spore surface 1417:1433 The presence of polysaccharides on the spore surface renders the spore hydrophilic in water. 25299644 3 28 theme precise 515:521 arg1 excision 523:530 precise excision 515:530 precise excision of SPβ from the chromosome 515:557 Here, we show that a rearrangement occurs during sporulation to reconstitute a functional composite spsM gene by precise excision of SPβ from the chromosome. 25299644 12 29 theme SPβ-like 1654:1661 arg1 element 1663:1669 a SPβ-like element 1652:1669 a SPβ-like element 1652:1669 A similar rearrangement occurs in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, where a SPβ-like element is excised during sporulation to reconstitute a polysaccharide synthesis gene, suggesting that this type of gene rearrangement is common in spore-forming bacteria because it can be spread by phage infection. 25299644 4 30 theme site-specific 593:605 arg1 recombinase 607:617 a putative site-specific recombinase 582:617 a putative site-specific recombinase 582:617 SPβ excision requires a putative site-specific recombinase, SprA, and an accessory protein, SprB. 25299644 3 31 theme SPβ 535:537 arg1 excision 523:530 precise excision 515:530 precise excision of SPβ from the chromosome 515:557 Here, we show that a rearrangement occurs during sporulation to reconstitute a functional composite spsM gene by precise excision of SPβ from the chromosome. 25299644 3 32 from chromosome 548:557 arg1 excision 523:530 precise excision 515:530 precise excision of SPβ from the chromosome 515:557 Here, we show that a rearrangement occurs during sporulation to reconstitute a functional composite spsM gene by precise excision of SPβ from the chromosome. 25299644 2 33 theme gene 390:393 arg1 spsM 396:399 a polysaccharide synthesis gene, spsM 363:399 spsM 396:399 In the genome of Bacillus subtilis 168, an active prophage, SPβ, is inserted into a polysaccharide synthesis gene, spsM. 25299644 0 34 theme prophage 46:53 arg1 excision 26:33 Developmentally-regulated excision 0:33 Developmentally-regulated excision of the SPβ prophage 0:53 Developmentally-regulated excision of the SPβ prophage reconstitutes a gene required for spore envelope maturation in Bacillus subtilis. 25299644 5 35 theme minimized 660:668 arg1 SPβ 670:672 A minimized SPβ 658:672 A minimized SPβ 658:672 A minimized SPβ, where all the SPβ genes were deleted, except sprA and sprB, retained the SPβ excision activity during sporulation, demonstrating that sprA and sprB are necessary and sufficient for the excision. 25299644 6 36 theme mitomycin 979:987 arg1 treatment 991:999 mitomycin C treatment 979:999 mitomycin C treatment 979:999 While expression of sprA was observed during vegetative growth, sprB was induced during sporulation and upon mitomycin C treatment, which triggers the phage lytic cycle. 25299644 2 37 theme synthesis 380:388 arg1 spsM 396:399 a polysaccharide synthesis gene, spsM 363:399 spsM 396:399 In the genome of Bacillus subtilis 168, an active prophage, SPβ, is inserted into a polysaccharide synthesis gene, spsM. 25299644 0 38 theme SPβ 42:44 arg1 prophage 46:53 the SPβ prophage 38:53 the SPβ prophage 38:53 Developmentally-regulated excision of the SPβ prophage reconstitutes a gene required for spore envelope maturation in Bacillus subtilis. 25299644 12 39 from common 1801:1806 arg1 bacteria 1825:1832 spore-forming bacteria 1811:1832 spore-forming bacteria 1811:1832 A similar rearrangement occurs in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, where a SPβ-like element is excised during sporulation to reconstitute a polysaccharide synthesis gene, suggesting that this type of gene rearrangement is common in spore-forming bacteria because it can be spread by phage infection. 25299644 12 40 from bacteria 1825:1832 arg1 common 1801:1806 common 1801:1806 common 1801:1806 A similar rearrangement occurs in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, where a SPβ-like element is excised during sporulation to reconstitute a polysaccharide synthesis gene, suggesting that this type of gene rearrangement is common in spore-forming bacteria because it can be spread by phage infection. 25299644 2 41 theme polysaccharide 365:378 arg1 spsM 396:399 a polysaccharide synthesis gene, spsM 363:399 spsM 396:399 In the genome of Bacillus subtilis 168, an active prophage, SPβ, is inserted into a polysaccharide synthesis gene, spsM. 25299644 10 42 theme polysaccharides 1398:1412 arg1 presence 1386:1393 The presence 1382:1393 The presence of polysaccharides on the spore surface 1382:1433 The presence of polysaccharides on the spore surface renders the spore hydrophilic in water. 25299644 8 43 theme excision 1257:1264 arg1 timing 1241:1246 the timing 1237:1246 the timing of phage excision 1237:1264 These results suggest that sprB is the factor that controls the timing of phage excision. 25299644 8 44 theme phage 1251:1255 arg1 excision 1257:1264 phage excision 1251:1264 phage excision 1251:1264 These results suggest that sprB is the factor that controls the timing of phage excision. 25299644 2 45 theme active 324:329 arg1 SPβ 341:343 SPβ 341:343 SPβ 341:343 In the genome of Bacillus subtilis 168, an active prophage, SPβ, is inserted into a polysaccharide synthesis gene, spsM. 25299644 2 45 theme active 324:329 arg1 prophage 331:338 an active prophage 321:338 an active prophage 321:338 In the genome of Bacillus subtilis 168, an active prophage, SPβ, is inserted into a polysaccharide synthesis gene, spsM. 25299644 10 46 from hydrophilic 1453:1463 arg1 water 1468:1472 water 1468:1472 water 1468:1472 The presence of polysaccharides on the spore surface renders the spore hydrophilic in water. 25299644 12 47 theme synthesis 1734:1742 arg1 gene 1744:1747 a polysaccharide synthesis gene 1717:1747 a polysaccharide synthesis gene 1717:1747 A similar rearrangement occurs in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, where a SPβ-like element is excised during sporulation to reconstitute a polysaccharide synthesis gene, suggesting that this type of gene rearrangement is common in spore-forming bacteria because it can be spread by phage infection. 25299644 7 48 dep sprA 1101:1104 arg1 not 1094:1096 not 1094:1096 not 1094:1096 We also demonstrated that overexpression of sprB (but not of sprA) resulted in SPβ prophage excision without triggering the lytic cycle. 25299644 12 49 theme polysaccharide 1719:1732 arg1 gene 1744:1747 a polysaccharide synthesis gene 1717:1747 a polysaccharide synthesis gene 1717:1747 A similar rearrangement occurs in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, where a SPβ-like element is excised during sporulation to reconstitute a polysaccharide synthesis gene, suggesting that this type of gene rearrangement is common in spore-forming bacteria because it can be spread by phage infection. 25299644 1 50 theme Temperate 137:145 arg1 phages 147:152 Temperate phages 137:152 Temperate phages 137:152 Temperate phages infect bacteria by injecting their DNA into bacterial cells, where it becomes incorporated into the host genome as a prophage. 25299644 0 51 from maturation 104:113 arg1 subtilis 127:134 Bacillus subtilis 118:134 Bacillus subtilis 118:134 Developmentally-regulated excision of the SPβ prophage reconstitutes a gene required for spore envelope maturation in Bacillus subtilis. 25299644 4 52 theme accessory 633:641 arg1 SprB 652:655 SprB 652:655 SprB 652:655 SPβ excision requires a putative site-specific recombinase, SprA, and an accessory protein, SprB. 25299644 4 52 theme accessory 633:641 arg1 protein 643:649 an accessory protein 630:649 an accessory protein 630:649 SPβ excision requires a putative site-specific recombinase, SprA, and an accessory protein, SprB. 25299644 4 53 theme SPβ 560:562 arg1 excision 564:571 SPβ excision 560:571 SPβ excision 560:571 SPβ excision requires a putative site-specific recombinase, SprA, and an accessory protein, SprB. 25299644 5 54 theme SPβ 689:691 arg1 genes 693:697 all the SPβ genes 681:697 all the SPβ genes 681:697 A minimized SPβ, where all the SPβ genes were deleted, except sprA and sprB, retained the SPβ excision activity during sporulation, demonstrating that sprA and sprB are necessary and sufficient for the excision. 25299644 9 55 theme spore 1366:1370 arg1 envelope 1372:1379 the spore envelope 1362:1379 the spore envelope 1362:1379 Furthermore, we provide evidence that spsM is essential for the addition of polysaccharides to the spore envelope. 25299644 5 56 theme SPβ 748:750 arg1 activity 761:768 the SPβ excision activity 744:768 the SPβ excision activity during sporulation 744:787 A minimized SPβ, where all the SPβ genes were deleted, except sprA and sprB, retained the SPβ excision activity during sporulation, demonstrating that sprA and sprB are necessary and sufficient for the excision. 25299644 6 57 theme phage 1021:1025 arg1 cycle 1033:1037 the phage lytic cycle 1017:1037 the phage lytic cycle 1017:1037 While expression of sprA was observed during vegetative growth, sprB was induced during sporulation and upon mitomycin C treatment, which triggers the phage lytic cycle. 25299644 12 58 dep amyloliquefaciens 1621:1637 arg1 FZB42 1639:1643 FZB42 1639:1643 FZB42 1639:1643 A similar rearrangement occurs in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, where a SPβ-like element is excised during sporulation to reconstitute a polysaccharide synthesis gene, suggesting that this type of gene rearrangement is common in spore-forming bacteria because it can be spread by phage infection. 25299644 10 59 from presence 1386:1393 arg1 surface 1427:1433 the spore surface 1417:1433 the spore surface 1417:1433 The presence of polysaccharides on the spore surface renders the spore hydrophilic in water. 25299644 7 60 theme prophage 1123:1130 arg1 excision 1132:1139 prophage excision 1123:1139 prophage excision 1123:1139 We also demonstrated that overexpression of sprB (but not of sprA) resulted in SPβ prophage excision without triggering the lytic cycle. 25299644 7 61 theme sprB 1084:1087 arg1 overexpression 1066:1079 overexpression 1066:1079 overexpression of sprB (but not of sprA) 1066:1105 We also demonstrated that overexpression of sprB (but not of sprA) resulted in SPβ prophage excision without triggering the lytic cycle. 25299644 7 62 theme lytic 1164:1168 arg1 cycle 1170:1174 the lytic cycle 1160:1174 the lytic cycle 1160:1174 We also demonstrated that overexpression of sprB (but not of sprA) resulted in SPβ prophage excision without triggering the lytic cycle. 25299644 3 63 theme functional 481:490 arg1 gene 507:510 a functional composite spsM gene 479:510 a functional composite spsM gene 479:510 Here, we show that a rearrangement occurs during sporulation to reconstitute a functional composite spsM gene by precise excision of SPβ from the chromosome. 28478292 0 0 theme microscopic 87:97 arg1 inspection 99:108 microscopic inspection 87:108 microscopic inspection 87:108 Microstructure of anammox granules and mechanisms endowing their intensity revealed by microscopic inspection and rheometry. 28478292 9 1 theme weak 1741:1744 arg1 interaction 1763:1773 much weak monovalent ionic interaction 1736:1773 much weak monovalent ionic interaction 1736:1773 Divalent cationic bridging for EPS binding was prevalent and of great significance within the dense anammox granules, while there was also much weak monovalent ionic interaction. 28478292 6 2 theme extracellular 1063:1075 arg1 layer 1103:1107 a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer 1056:1107 a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level 1056:1144 Anammox granules follow a tertiary organization regime, where interactions between individual anammox bacteria made up the primary base, then, the grouping of anammox bacterial cells encapsulated within a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level, and, finally, the cementing of these groups together with other bacteria and polymers gave rise to compact aggregates. 28478292 9 3 theme monovalent 1746:1755 arg1 interaction 1763:1773 much weak monovalent ionic interaction 1736:1773 much weak monovalent ionic interaction 1736:1773 Divalent cationic bridging for EPS binding was prevalent and of great significance within the dense anammox granules, while there was also much weak monovalent ionic interaction. 28478292 10 4 theme specific 1780:1787 arg1 organization 1789:1800 specific organization 1780:1800 specific organization 1780:1800 The specific organization and composition of anammox granules endows them with excellent intensity and integrity, which can be of importance for full-scale reactor operations where diverse shocks can be expected. 28478292 1 5 theme cost-effective 174:187 arg1 technique 189:197 a sustainable and cost-effective technique 156:197 a sustainable and cost-effective technique for nitrogen removal from wastewater, where granulation of anammox bacteria could be of great benefit to the system performance 156:325 The anammox process represents a sustainable and cost-effective technique for nitrogen removal from wastewater, where granulation of anammox bacteria could be of great benefit to the system performance. 28478292 6 6 theme substance 1087:1095 arg1 layer 1103:1107 a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer 1056:1107 a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level 1056:1144 Anammox granules follow a tertiary organization regime, where interactions between individual anammox bacteria made up the primary base, then, the grouping of anammox bacterial cells encapsulated within a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level, and, finally, the cementing of these groups together with other bacteria and polymers gave rise to compact aggregates. 28478292 9 7 theme EPS 1628:1630 arg1 binding 1632:1638 EPS binding 1628:1638 EPS binding 1628:1638 Divalent cationic bridging for EPS binding was prevalent and of great significance within the dense anammox granules, while there was also much weak monovalent ionic interaction. 28478292 9 8 theme ionic 1757:1761 arg1 interaction 1763:1773 much weak monovalent ionic interaction 1736:1773 much weak monovalent ionic interaction 1736:1773 Divalent cationic bridging for EPS binding was prevalent and of great significance within the dense anammox granules, while there was also much weak monovalent ionic interaction. 28478292 10 9 dep organization 1789:1800 arg1 The 1776:1778 The 1776:1778 The 1776:1778 The specific organization and composition of anammox granules endows them with excellent intensity and integrity, which can be of importance for full-scale reactor operations where diverse shocks can be expected. 28478292 3 10 theme techniques 556:565 arg1 range 536:540 a range 534:540 a range of microscale techniques 534:565 In this study, the organization of anammox granules was comprehensively studied from macro to micro scale with a range of microscale techniques. 28478292 6 11 theme other 1205:1209 arg1 bacteria 1211:1218 other bacteria 1205:1218 other bacteria 1205:1218 Anammox granules follow a tertiary organization regime, where interactions between individual anammox bacteria made up the primary base, then, the grouping of anammox bacterial cells encapsulated within a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level, and, finally, the cementing of these groups together with other bacteria and polymers gave rise to compact aggregates. 28478292 4 12 theme fluorescence 627:638 arg1 labeling 640:647 multiple fluorescence labeling 618:647 multiple fluorescence labeling 618:647 Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and multiple fluorescence labeling combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy were included. 28478292 9 13 theme dense 1691:1695 arg1 granules 1705:1712 the dense anammox granules 1687:1712 the dense anammox granules 1687:1712 Divalent cationic bridging for EPS binding was prevalent and of great significance within the dense anammox granules, while there was also much weak monovalent ionic interaction. 28478292 6 14 theme organization 888:899 arg1 regime 901:906 a tertiary organization regime 877:906 a tertiary organization regime 877:906 Anammox granules follow a tertiary organization regime, where interactions between individual anammox bacteria made up the primary base, then, the grouping of anammox bacterial cells encapsulated within a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level, and, finally, the cementing of these groups together with other bacteria and polymers gave rise to compact aggregates. 28478292 8 15 theme outer 1437:1441 arg1 rims 1443:1446 the outer rims 1433:1446 the outer rims of anammox granules 1433:1466 β-Polysaccharides concentrated at the outer rims of anammox granules and combined with other macromolecules to form a buffer zone or protective barrier, beneath which anammox bacteria proliferated. 28478292 1 16 theme great 287:291 arg1 benefit 293:299 great benefit 287:299 great benefit 287:299 The anammox process represents a sustainable and cost-effective technique for nitrogen removal from wastewater, where granulation of anammox bacteria could be of great benefit to the system performance. 28478292 7 17 theme anammox 1330:1336 arg1 granules 1338:1345 anammox granules 1330:1345 anammox granules 1330:1345 α-Polysaccharides and proteins were considered the backbones of anammox granules, contributing greatly to their excellent intensity. 28478292 6 18 theme arrangement 1128:1138 arg1 level 1140:1144 a second arrangement level 1119:1144 a second arrangement level 1119:1144 Anammox granules follow a tertiary organization regime, where interactions between individual anammox bacteria made up the primary base, then, the grouping of anammox bacterial cells encapsulated within a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level, and, finally, the cementing of these groups together with other bacteria and polymers gave rise to compact aggregates. 28478292 8 19 theme anammox 1451:1457 arg1 granules 1459:1466 anammox granules 1451:1466 anammox granules 1451:1466 β-Polysaccharides concentrated at the outer rims of anammox granules and combined with other macromolecules to form a buffer zone or protective barrier, beneath which anammox bacteria proliferated. 28478292 10 20 theme granules 1829:1836 arg1 composition 1806:1816 composition 1806:1816 composition 1806:1816 The specific organization and composition of anammox granules endows them with excellent intensity and integrity, which can be of importance for full-scale reactor operations where diverse shocks can be expected. 28478292 10 20 theme granules 1829:1836 arg1 organization 1789:1800 specific organization 1780:1800 specific organization 1780:1800 The specific organization and composition of anammox granules endows them with excellent intensity and integrity, which can be of importance for full-scale reactor operations where diverse shocks can be expected. 28478292 4 21 theme multiple 618:625 arg1 labeling 640:647 multiple fluorescence labeling 618:647 multiple fluorescence labeling 618:647 Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and multiple fluorescence labeling combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy were included. 28478292 6 22 theme primary 976:982 arg1 base 984:987 the primary base 972:987 the primary base 972:987 Anammox granules follow a tertiary organization regime, where interactions between individual anammox bacteria made up the primary base, then, the grouping of anammox bacterial cells encapsulated within a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level, and, finally, the cementing of these groups together with other bacteria and polymers gave rise to compact aggregates. 28478292 3 23 with macro 508:512 arg1 range 536:540 a range 534:540 a range of microscale techniques 534:565 In this study, the organization of anammox granules was comprehensively studied from macro to micro scale with a range of microscale techniques. 28478292 3 24 theme microscale 545:554 arg1 techniques 556:565 microscale techniques 545:565 microscale techniques 545:565 In this study, the organization of anammox granules was comprehensively studied from macro to micro scale with a range of microscale techniques. 28478292 3 25 theme anammox 458:464 arg1 granules 466:473 anammox granules 458:473 anammox granules 458:473 In this study, the organization of anammox granules was comprehensively studied from macro to micro scale with a range of microscale techniques. 28478292 4 26 theme transmission 581:592 arg1 microscopy 603:612 Scanning and transmission electron microscopy 568:612 microscopy 603:612 Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and multiple fluorescence labeling combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy were included. 28478292 1 27 theme nitrogen 203:210 arg1 removal 212:218 nitrogen removal 203:218 nitrogen removal from wastewater, where granulation of anammox bacteria could be of great benefit to the system performance 203:325 The anammox process represents a sustainable and cost-effective technique for nitrogen removal from wastewater, where granulation of anammox bacteria could be of great benefit to the system performance. 28478292 6 28 theme thin 1058:1061 arg1 layer 1103:1107 a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer 1056:1107 a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level 1056:1144 Anammox granules follow a tertiary organization regime, where interactions between individual anammox bacteria made up the primary base, then, the grouping of anammox bacterial cells encapsulated within a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level, and, finally, the cementing of these groups together with other bacteria and polymers gave rise to compact aggregates. 28478292 10 29 theme reactor 1932:1938 arg1 operations 1940:1949 full-scale reactor operations 1921:1949 full-scale reactor operations where diverse shocks can be expected 1921:1986 The specific organization and composition of anammox granules endows them with excellent intensity and integrity, which can be of importance for full-scale reactor operations where diverse shocks can be expected. 28478292 8 30 theme anammox 1566:1572 arg1 bacteria 1574:1581 anammox bacteria 1566:1581 anammox bacteria 1566:1581 β-Polysaccharides concentrated at the outer rims of anammox granules and combined with other macromolecules to form a buffer zone or protective barrier, beneath which anammox bacteria proliferated. 28478292 8 31 theme protective 1532:1541 arg1 barrier 1543:1549 a buffer zone or protective barrier 1515:1549 barrier 1543:1549 β-Polysaccharides concentrated at the outer rims of anammox granules and combined with other macromolecules to form a buffer zone or protective barrier, beneath which anammox bacteria proliferated. 28478292 0 32 theme granules 26:33 arg1 Microstructure 0:13 Microstructure 0:13 Microstructure of anammox granules and mechanisms endowing their intensity 0:73 Microstructure of anammox granules and mechanisms endowing their intensity revealed by microscopic inspection and rheometry. 28478292 4 33 theme Scanning 568:575 arg1 microscopy 603:612 Scanning and transmission electron microscopy 568:612 microscopy 603:612 Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and multiple fluorescence labeling combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy were included. 28478292 6 34 theme Anammox 853:859 arg1 granules 861:868 Anammox granules 853:868 Anammox granules 853:868 Anammox granules follow a tertiary organization regime, where interactions between individual anammox bacteria made up the primary base, then, the grouping of anammox bacterial cells encapsulated within a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level, and, finally, the cementing of these groups together with other bacteria and polymers gave rise to compact aggregates. 28478292 9 35 theme anammox 1697:1703 arg1 granules 1705:1712 the dense anammox granules 1687:1712 the dense anammox granules 1687:1712 Divalent cationic bridging for EPS binding was prevalent and of great significance within the dense anammox granules, while there was also much weak monovalent ionic interaction. 28478292 4 36 theme scanning 678:685 arg1 microscopy 687:696 confocal laser scanning microscopy 663:696 confocal laser scanning microscopy 663:696 Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and multiple fluorescence labeling combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy were included. 28478292 0 37 theme anammox 18:24 arg1 granules 26:33 anammox granules 18:33 anammox granules 18:33 Microstructure of anammox granules and mechanisms endowing their intensity revealed by microscopic inspection and rheometry. 28478292 4 38 theme electron 594:601 arg1 microscopy 603:612 Scanning and transmission electron microscopy 568:612 microscopy 603:612 Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and multiple fluorescence labeling combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy were included. 28478292 10 39 theme excellent 1855:1863 arg1 intensity 1865:1873 excellent intensity 1855:1873 excellent intensity 1855:1873 The specific organization and composition of anammox granules endows them with excellent intensity and integrity, which can be of importance for full-scale reactor operations where diverse shocks can be expected. 28478292 8 40 theme other 1486:1490 arg1 macromolecules 1492:1505 other macromolecules 1486:1505 other macromolecules 1486:1505 β-Polysaccharides concentrated at the outer rims of anammox granules and combined with other macromolecules to form a buffer zone or protective barrier, beneath which anammox bacteria proliferated. 28478292 2 41 theme properties 363:372 arg1 knowledge 337:345 knowledge 337:345 knowledge of the specific properties of anammox granules 337:392 However, knowledge of the specific properties of anammox granules is currently unsatisfactory. 28478292 4 42 theme laser 672:676 arg1 microscopy 687:696 confocal laser scanning microscopy 663:696 confocal laser scanning microscopy 663:696 Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and multiple fluorescence labeling combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy were included. 28478292 0 43 theme mechanisms 39:48 arg1 Microstructure 0:13 Microstructure 0:13 Microstructure of anammox granules and mechanisms endowing their intensity 0:73 Microstructure of anammox granules and mechanisms endowing their intensity revealed by microscopic inspection and rheometry. 28478292 1 44 theme system 308:313 arg1 performance 315:325 the system performance 304:325 the system performance 304:325 The anammox process represents a sustainable and cost-effective technique for nitrogen removal from wastewater, where granulation of anammox bacteria could be of great benefit to the system performance. 28478292 9 45 theme Divalent 1597:1604 arg1 cationic 1606:1613 Divalent cationic 1597:1613 Divalent cationic bridging for EPS binding 1597:1638 Divalent cationic bridging for EPS binding was prevalent and of great significance within the dense anammox granules, while there was also much weak monovalent ionic interaction. 28478292 6 46 theme second 1121:1126 arg1 level 1140:1144 a second arrangement level 1119:1144 a second arrangement level 1119:1144 Anammox granules follow a tertiary organization regime, where interactions between individual anammox bacteria made up the primary base, then, the grouping of anammox bacterial cells encapsulated within a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level, and, finally, the cementing of these groups together with other bacteria and polymers gave rise to compact aggregates. 28478292 5 47 with combination 804:814 arg1 hydrolysis 841:850 selective enzymatic hydrolysis 821:850 selective enzymatic hydrolysis 821:850 Simultaneously, the associated mechanical properties were studied in-depth by rheometry in combination with selective enzymatic hydrolysis. 28478292 3 48 theme granules 466:473 arg1 organization 442:453 the organization 438:453 the organization of anammox granules 438:473 In this study, the organization of anammox granules was comprehensively studied from macro to micro scale with a range of microscale techniques. 28478292 6 49 theme cells 1030:1034 arg1 grouping 1000:1007 the grouping 996:1007 the grouping of anammox bacterial cells encapsulated within a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level 996:1144 Anammox granules follow a tertiary organization regime, where interactions between individual anammox bacteria made up the primary base, then, the grouping of anammox bacterial cells encapsulated within a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level, and, finally, the cementing of these groups together with other bacteria and polymers gave rise to compact aggregates. 28478292 4 50 theme confocal 663:670 arg1 microscopy 687:696 confocal laser scanning microscopy 663:696 confocal laser scanning microscopy 663:696 Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and multiple fluorescence labeling combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy were included. 28478292 7 51 theme excellent 1378:1386 arg1 intensity 1388:1396 their excellent intensity 1372:1396 their excellent intensity 1372:1396 α-Polysaccharides and proteins were considered the backbones of anammox granules, contributing greatly to their excellent intensity. 28478292 6 52 theme bacterial 1020:1028 arg1 cells 1030:1034 anammox bacterial cells 1012:1034 anammox bacterial cells encapsulated within a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level 1012:1144 Anammox granules follow a tertiary organization regime, where interactions between individual anammox bacteria made up the primary base, then, the grouping of anammox bacterial cells encapsulated within a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level, and, finally, the cementing of these groups together with other bacteria and polymers gave rise to compact aggregates. 28478292 6 53 theme anammox 947:953 arg1 bacteria 955:962 individual anammox bacteria 936:962 individual anammox bacteria 936:962 Anammox granules follow a tertiary organization regime, where interactions between individual anammox bacteria made up the primary base, then, the grouping of anammox bacterial cells encapsulated within a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level, and, finally, the cementing of these groups together with other bacteria and polymers gave rise to compact aggregates. 28478292 10 54 theme anammox 1821:1827 arg1 granules 1829:1836 anammox granules 1821:1836 anammox granules 1821:1836 The specific organization and composition of anammox granules endows them with excellent intensity and integrity, which can be of importance for full-scale reactor operations where diverse shocks can be expected. 28478292 8 55 theme granules 1459:1466 arg1 rims 1443:1446 the outer rims 1433:1446 the outer rims of anammox granules 1433:1466 β-Polysaccharides concentrated at the outer rims of anammox granules and combined with other macromolecules to form a buffer zone or protective barrier, beneath which anammox bacteria proliferated. 28478292 2 56 theme specific 354:361 arg1 properties 363:372 the specific properties 350:372 the specific properties of anammox granules 350:392 However, knowledge of the specific properties of anammox granules is currently unsatisfactory. 28478292 6 57 theme anammox 1012:1018 arg1 cells 1030:1034 anammox bacterial cells 1012:1034 anammox bacterial cells encapsulated within a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level 1012:1144 Anammox granules follow a tertiary organization regime, where interactions between individual anammox bacteria made up the primary base, then, the grouping of anammox bacterial cells encapsulated within a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level, and, finally, the cementing of these groups together with other bacteria and polymers gave rise to compact aggregates. 28478292 5 58 theme associated 733:742 arg1 properties 755:764 the associated mechanical properties 729:764 the associated mechanical properties 729:764 Simultaneously, the associated mechanical properties were studied in-depth by rheometry in combination with selective enzymatic hydrolysis. 28478292 6 59 theme individual 936:945 arg1 bacteria 955:962 individual anammox bacteria 936:962 individual anammox bacteria 936:962 Anammox granules follow a tertiary organization regime, where interactions between individual anammox bacteria made up the primary base, then, the grouping of anammox bacterial cells encapsulated within a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level, and, finally, the cementing of these groups together with other bacteria and polymers gave rise to compact aggregates. 28478292 8 60 dep β-Polysaccharides 1399:1415 arg1 concentrated 1417:1428 concentrated 1417:1428 concentrated at the outer rims of anammox granules 1417:1466 β-Polysaccharides concentrated at the outer rims of anammox granules and combined with other macromolecules to form a buffer zone or protective barrier, beneath which anammox bacteria proliferated. 28478292 8 60 dep β-Polysaccharides 1399:1415 arg1 combined 1472:1479 combined 1472:1479 combined with other macromolecules to form a buffer zone or protective barrier, beneath which anammox bacteria proliferated 1472:1594 β-Polysaccharides concentrated at the outer rims of anammox granules and combined with other macromolecules to form a buffer zone or protective barrier, beneath which anammox bacteria proliferated. 28478292 1 61 theme anammox 129:135 arg1 process 137:143 The anammox process 125:143 The anammox process 125:143 The anammox process represents a sustainable and cost-effective technique for nitrogen removal from wastewater, where granulation of anammox bacteria could be of great benefit to the system performance. 28478292 7 62 theme granules 1338:1345 arg1 backbones 1317:1325 the backbones 1313:1325 the backbones 1313:1325 α-Polysaccharides and proteins were considered the backbones of anammox granules, contributing greatly to their excellent intensity. 28478292 5 63 theme mechanical 744:753 arg1 properties 755:764 the associated mechanical properties 729:764 the associated mechanical properties 729:764 Simultaneously, the associated mechanical properties were studied in-depth by rheometry in combination with selective enzymatic hydrolysis. 28478292 10 64 theme diverse 1957:1963 arg1 shocks 1965:1970 diverse shocks 1957:1970 diverse shocks 1957:1970 The specific organization and composition of anammox granules endows them with excellent intensity and integrity, which can be of importance for full-scale reactor operations where diverse shocks can be expected. 28478292 8 65 theme buffer 1517:1522 arg1 zone 1524:1527 a buffer zone or protective barrier 1515:1549 zone 1524:1527 β-Polysaccharides concentrated at the outer rims of anammox granules and combined with other macromolecules to form a buffer zone or protective barrier, beneath which anammox bacteria proliferated. 28478292 1 66 from wastewater 225:234 arg1 removal 212:218 nitrogen removal 203:218 nitrogen removal from wastewater, where granulation of anammox bacteria could be of great benefit to the system performance 203:325 The anammox process represents a sustainable and cost-effective technique for nitrogen removal from wastewater, where granulation of anammox bacteria could be of great benefit to the system performance. 28478292 6 67 theme groups 1184:1189 arg1 cementing 1165:1173 the cementing 1161:1173 the cementing of these groups together with other bacteria and polymers 1161:1231 Anammox granules follow a tertiary organization regime, where interactions between individual anammox bacteria made up the primary base, then, the grouping of anammox bacterial cells encapsulated within a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level, and, finally, the cementing of these groups together with other bacteria and polymers gave rise to compact aggregates. 28478292 6 68 theme polymeric 1077:1085 arg1 layer 1103:1107 a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer 1056:1107 a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level 1056:1144 Anammox granules follow a tertiary organization regime, where interactions between individual anammox bacteria made up the primary base, then, the grouping of anammox bacterial cells encapsulated within a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level, and, finally, the cementing of these groups together with other bacteria and polymers gave rise to compact aggregates. 28478292 9 69 theme great 1661:1665 arg1 significance 1667:1678 great significance 1661:1678 great significance 1661:1678 Divalent cationic bridging for EPS binding was prevalent and of great significance within the dense anammox granules, while there was also much weak monovalent ionic interaction. 28478292 6 70 theme compact 1246:1252 arg1 aggregates 1254:1263 compact aggregates 1246:1263 compact aggregates 1246:1263 Anammox granules follow a tertiary organization regime, where interactions between individual anammox bacteria made up the primary base, then, the grouping of anammox bacterial cells encapsulated within a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level, and, finally, the cementing of these groups together with other bacteria and polymers gave rise to compact aggregates. 28478292 1 71 theme sustainable 158:168 arg1 technique 189:197 a sustainable and cost-effective technique 156:197 a sustainable and cost-effective technique for nitrogen removal from wastewater, where granulation of anammox bacteria could be of great benefit to the system performance 156:325 The anammox process represents a sustainable and cost-effective technique for nitrogen removal from wastewater, where granulation of anammox bacteria could be of great benefit to the system performance. 28478292 6 72 theme tertiary 879:886 arg1 regime 901:906 a tertiary organization regime 877:906 a tertiary organization regime 877:906 Anammox granules follow a tertiary organization regime, where interactions between individual anammox bacteria made up the primary base, then, the grouping of anammox bacterial cells encapsulated within a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level, and, finally, the cementing of these groups together with other bacteria and polymers gave rise to compact aggregates. 28478292 5 73 theme selective 821:829 arg1 hydrolysis 841:850 selective enzymatic hydrolysis 821:850 selective enzymatic hydrolysis 821:850 Simultaneously, the associated mechanical properties were studied in-depth by rheometry in combination with selective enzymatic hydrolysis. 28478292 2 74 theme granules 385:392 arg1 properties 363:372 the specific properties 350:372 the specific properties of anammox granules 350:392 However, knowledge of the specific properties of anammox granules is currently unsatisfactory. 28478292 1 75 theme anammox 258:264 arg1 bacteria 266:273 anammox bacteria 258:273 anammox bacteria 258:273 The anammox process represents a sustainable and cost-effective technique for nitrogen removal from wastewater, where granulation of anammox bacteria could be of great benefit to the system performance. 28478292 5 76 theme enzymatic 831:839 arg1 hydrolysis 841:850 selective enzymatic hydrolysis 821:850 selective enzymatic hydrolysis 821:850 Simultaneously, the associated mechanical properties were studied in-depth by rheometry in combination with selective enzymatic hydrolysis. 28478292 6 77 theme EPS 1098:1100 arg1 layer 1103:1107 a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer 1056:1107 a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level 1056:1144 Anammox granules follow a tertiary organization regime, where interactions between individual anammox bacteria made up the primary base, then, the grouping of anammox bacterial cells encapsulated within a thin extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layer comprised a second arrangement level, and, finally, the cementing of these groups together with other bacteria and polymers gave rise to compact aggregates. 28478292 10 78 theme full-scale 1921:1930 arg1 operations 1940:1949 full-scale reactor operations 1921:1949 full-scale reactor operations where diverse shocks can be expected 1921:1986 The specific organization and composition of anammox granules endows them with excellent intensity and integrity, which can be of importance for full-scale reactor operations where diverse shocks can be expected. 28478292 2 79 theme anammox 377:383 arg1 granules 385:392 anammox granules 377:392 anammox granules 377:392 However, knowledge of the specific properties of anammox granules is currently unsatisfactory. 28478292 3 80 theme micro 517:521 arg1 scale 523:527 micro scale 517:527 micro scale 517:527 In this study, the organization of anammox granules was comprehensively studied from macro to micro scale with a range of microscale techniques. 28478292 1 81 theme bacteria 266:273 arg1 granulation 243:253 granulation 243:253 granulation of anammox bacteria 243:273 The anammox process represents a sustainable and cost-effective technique for nitrogen removal from wastewater, where granulation of anammox bacteria could be of great benefit to the system performance. 28417460 5 0 theme 512 595:597 arg1 units 621:625 114 512 operational taxonomic units 591:625 114 512 operational taxonomic units 591:625 RESULTS A total of 114 512 operational taxonomic units were detected from the 1 802 243 sequences obtained. 28417460 1 1 dep rectum 213:218 arg1 the 202:204 the 202:204 the 202:204 BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the composition of bacteria in the bovine rectum and their functions during growth, in relation to different diets. 28417460 8 2 theme diet 1393:1396 arg1 groups 1398:1403 high-fat diet groups 1384:1403 high-fat diet groups 1384:1403 Meanwhile, cofactor/vitamin and amino acid metabolic processes were significantly higher in bacteria from the regular diet group than high-fat diet groups, with markedly lower cellular processes and signaling, and reduced glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (P < 0.01). 28417460 7 3 theme weight 1148:1153 arg1 gain 1155:1158 cattle weight gain 1141:1158 cattle weight gain through metagenomic functional prediction of methane, cysteine and methionine metabolism 1141:1247 Paludibacter and Desulfopila in abundance showed negative (P < 0.001) and positive (P < 0.05) correlation, respectively, to cattle weight gain through metagenomic functional prediction of methane, cysteine and methionine metabolism. 28417460 9 4 theme intestinal 1584:1593 arg1 bacteria 1595:1602 similar intestinal bacteria 1576:1602 similar intestinal bacteria 1576:1602 CONCLUSIONS The 6-month cattle and female parents shared similar intestinal bacteria; the community structure of fecal microbiota was significantly affected by high-fat diet in older cattle. 28417460 5 5 theme taxonomic 611:619 arg1 units 621:625 114 512 operational taxonomic units 591:625 114 512 operational taxonomic units 591:625 RESULTS A total of 114 512 operational taxonomic units were detected from the 1 802 243 sequences obtained. 28417460 6 6 theme abundant 735:742 arg1 Bacteroidetes 755:767 Bacteroidetes 755:767 Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%) 755:782 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 6 6 theme abundant 735:742 arg1 phyla 744:748 the top three abundant phyla 721:748 the top three abundant phyla 721:748 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 6 7 theme top 725:727 arg1 Bacteroidetes 755:767 Bacteroidetes 755:767 Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%) 755:782 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 6 7 theme top 725:727 arg1 phyla 744:748 the top three abundant phyla 721:748 the top three abundant phyla 721:748 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 9 8 theme community 1609:1617 arg1 structure 1619:1627 the community structure 1605:1627 the community structure of fecal microbiota 1605:1647 CONCLUSIONS The 6-month cattle and female parents shared similar intestinal bacteria; the community structure of fecal microbiota was significantly affected by high-fat diet in older cattle. 28417460 2 9 theme Fecal 287:291 arg1 samples 293:299 Fecal samples 287:299 Fecal samples 287:299 Fecal samples were collected from 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month cattle fed high-fat diet, and healthy female parents fed regular diet. 28417460 8 10 theme cellular 1426:1433 arg1 processes 1435:1443 markedly lower cellular processes 1411:1443 markedly lower cellular processes 1411:1443 Meanwhile, cofactor/vitamin and amino acid metabolic processes were significantly higher in bacteria from the regular diet group than high-fat diet groups, with markedly lower cellular processes and signaling, and reduced glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (P < 0.01). 28417460 0 11 theme healthy 102:108 arg1 livestock 117:125 healthy bovine livestock 102:125 healthy bovine livestock 102:125 Effect of high-fat diet and growth stage on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in healthy bovine livestock. 28417460 1 12 theme bacteria 190:197 arg1 composition 175:185 the composition 171:185 the composition of bacteria 171:197 BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the composition of bacteria in the bovine rectum and their functions during growth, in relation to different diets. 28417460 9 13 theme microbiota 1638:1647 arg1 structure 1619:1627 the community structure 1605:1627 the community structure of fecal microbiota 1605:1647 CONCLUSIONS The 6-month cattle and female parents shared similar intestinal bacteria; the community structure of fecal microbiota was significantly affected by high-fat diet in older cattle. 28417460 5 14 theme 243 656:658 arg1 sequences 660:668 the 1 802 243 sequences 646:668 the 1 802 243 sequences obtained 646:677 RESULTS A total of 114 512 operational taxonomic units were detected from the 1 802 243 sequences obtained. 28417460 6 15 dep Proteobacteria 815:828 arg1 % 834:834 9.1% 831:834 9.1% 831:834 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 6 15 dep Proteobacteria 815:828 arg1 % 840:840 6.3% 837:840 6.3% 837:840 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 8 16 dep Meanwhile 1250:1258 arg1 processes 1303:1311 metabolic processes 1293:1311 metabolic processes 1293:1311 Meanwhile, cofactor/vitamin and amino acid metabolic processes were significantly higher in bacteria from the regular diet group than high-fat diet groups, with markedly lower cellular processes and signaling, and reduced glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (P < 0.01). 28417460 8 17 theme reduced 1464:1470 arg1 biosynthesis 1479:1490 reduced glycan biosynthesis 1464:1490 reduced glycan biosynthesis 1464:1490 Meanwhile, cofactor/vitamin and amino acid metabolic processes were significantly higher in bacteria from the regular diet group than high-fat diet groups, with markedly lower cellular processes and signaling, and reduced glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (P < 0.01). 28417460 7 18 theme negative 1066:1073 arg1 correlation 1111:1121 negative (P < 0.001) and positive (P < 0.05) correlation 1066:1121 negative (P < 0.001) and positive (P < 0.05) correlation 1066:1121 Paludibacter and Desulfopila in abundance showed negative (P < 0.001) and positive (P < 0.05) correlation, respectively, to cattle weight gain through metagenomic functional prediction of methane, cysteine and methionine metabolism. 28417460 6 19 from Bacteroidetes 966:978 arg1 groups 873:878 the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups 847:878 groups 873:878 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 9 20 theme older 1696:1700 arg1 cattle 1702:1707 older cattle 1696:1707 older cattle 1696:1707 CONCLUSIONS The 6-month cattle and female parents shared similar intestinal bacteria; the community structure of fecal microbiota was significantly affected by high-fat diet in older cattle. 28417460 8 21 dep higher 1332:1337 arg1 < 1510:1510 P < 0.01 1508:1515 P < 0.01 1508:1515 Meanwhile, cofactor/vitamin and amino acid metabolic processes were significantly higher in bacteria from the regular diet group than high-fat diet groups, with markedly lower cellular processes and signaling, and reduced glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (P < 0.01). 28417460 8 21 dep higher 1332:1337 arg1 biosynthesis 1479:1490 reduced glycan biosynthesis 1464:1490 reduced glycan biosynthesis 1464:1490 Meanwhile, cofactor/vitamin and amino acid metabolic processes were significantly higher in bacteria from the regular diet group than high-fat diet groups, with markedly lower cellular processes and signaling, and reduced glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (P < 0.01). 28417460 8 21 dep higher 1332:1337 arg1 metabolism 1496:1505 metabolism 1496:1505 metabolism (P < 0.01) 1496:1516 Meanwhile, cofactor/vitamin and amino acid metabolic processes were significantly higher in bacteria from the regular diet group than high-fat diet groups, with markedly lower cellular processes and signaling, and reduced glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (P < 0.01). 28417460 8 22 theme P 1508:1508 arg1 < 1510:1510 P < 0.01 1508:1515 P < 0.01 1508:1515 Meanwhile, cofactor/vitamin and amino acid metabolic processes were significantly higher in bacteria from the regular diet group than high-fat diet groups, with markedly lower cellular processes and signaling, and reduced glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (P < 0.01). 28417460 8 22 theme P 1508:1508 arg1 metabolism 1496:1505 metabolism 1496:1505 metabolism (P < 0.01) 1496:1516 Meanwhile, cofactor/vitamin and amino acid metabolic processes were significantly higher in bacteria from the regular diet group than high-fat diet groups, with markedly lower cellular processes and signaling, and reduced glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (P < 0.01). 28417460 0 23 from Effect 0:5 arg1 composition 62:72 composition 62:72 composition 62:72 Effect of high-fat diet and growth stage on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in healthy bovine livestock. 28417460 0 23 from Effect 0:5 arg1 diversity 48:56 diversity 48:56 diversity 48:56 Effect of high-fat diet and growth stage on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in healthy bovine livestock. 28417460 6 24 dep Proteobacteria 891:904 arg1 % 911:911 45.5% 907:911 45.5% 907:911 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 6 24 dep Proteobacteria 891:904 arg1 % 918:918 47.1% 914:918 47.1% 914:918 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 6 24 dep Proteobacteria 891:904 arg1 % 925:925 38.8% 921:925 38.8% 921:925 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 7 25 theme metabolism 1238:1247 arg1 prediction 1191:1200 metagenomic functional prediction 1168:1200 metagenomic functional prediction of methane, cysteine and methionine metabolism 1168:1247 Paludibacter and Desulfopila in abundance showed negative (P < 0.001) and positive (P < 0.05) correlation, respectively, to cattle weight gain through metagenomic functional prediction of methane, cysteine and methionine metabolism. 28417460 0 26 theme microbiota 88:97 arg1 composition 62:72 composition 62:72 composition 62:72 Effect of high-fat diet and growth stage on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in healthy bovine livestock. 28417460 0 26 theme microbiota 88:97 arg1 diversity 48:56 diversity 48:56 diversity 48:56 Effect of high-fat diet and growth stage on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in healthy bovine livestock. 28417460 2 27 theme female 385:390 arg1 parents 392:398 healthy female parents 377:398 healthy female parents 377:398 Fecal samples were collected from 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month cattle fed high-fat diet, and healthy female parents fed regular diet. 28417460 6 28 dep Bacteroidetes 755:767 arg1 % 774:774 37.6% 770:774 37.6% 770:774 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 6 28 dep Bacteroidetes 755:767 arg1 % 781:781 32.2% 777:781 32.2% 777:781 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 1 29 dep BACKGROUND 128:137 arg1 aimed 150:154 aimed 150:154 aimed to investigate the composition of bacteria in the bovine rectum and their functions during growth, in relation to different diets 150:284 BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the composition of bacteria in the bovine rectum and their functions during growth, in relation to different diets. 28417460 0 30 theme high-fat 10:17 arg1 diet 19:22 high-fat diet 10:22 high-fat diet 10:22 Effect of high-fat diet and growth stage on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in healthy bovine livestock. 28417460 7 31 theme cysteine 1214:1221 arg1 prediction 1191:1200 metagenomic functional prediction 1168:1200 metagenomic functional prediction of methane, cysteine and methionine metabolism 1168:1247 Paludibacter and Desulfopila in abundance showed negative (P < 0.001) and positive (P < 0.05) correlation, respectively, to cattle weight gain through metagenomic functional prediction of methane, cysteine and methionine metabolism. 28417460 6 32 from Firmicutes 929:938 arg1 groups 873:878 the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups 847:878 groups 873:878 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 7 33 theme methane 1205:1211 arg1 prediction 1191:1200 metagenomic functional prediction 1168:1200 metagenomic functional prediction of methane, cysteine and methionine metabolism 1168:1247 Paludibacter and Desulfopila in abundance showed negative (P < 0.001) and positive (P < 0.05) correlation, respectively, to cattle weight gain through metagenomic functional prediction of methane, cysteine and methionine metabolism. 28417460 5 34 dep RESULTS 572:578 arg1 detected 632:639 detected 632:639 were detected from the 1 802 243 sequences obtained 627:677 RESULTS A total of 114 512 operational taxonomic units were detected from the 1 802 243 sequences obtained. 28417460 6 35 theme female 699:704 arg1 groups 713:718 6-month-old and female parent groups 683:718 6-month-old and female parent groups 683:718 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 0 36 theme stage 35:39 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of high-fat diet and growth stage on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in healthy bovine livestock. 0:126 Effect of high-fat diet and growth stage on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in healthy bovine livestock. 28417460 9 37 theme 6-month 1535:1541 arg1 parents 1561:1567 The 6-month cattle and female parents 1531:1567 CONCLUSIONS The 6-month cattle and female parents 1519:1567 CONCLUSIONS The 6-month cattle and female parents shared similar intestinal bacteria; the community structure of fecal microbiota was significantly affected by high-fat diet in older cattle. 28417460 6 38 theme 6-month-old 683:693 arg1 groups 713:718 6-month-old and female parent groups 683:718 6-month-old and female parent groups 683:718 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 1 39 theme bovine 206:211 arg1 rectum 213:218 bovine rectum 206:218 bovine rectum 206:218 BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the composition of bacteria in the bovine rectum and their functions during growth, in relation to different diets. 28417460 7 40 theme metagenomic 1168:1178 arg1 prediction 1191:1200 metagenomic functional prediction 1168:1200 metagenomic functional prediction of methane, cysteine and methionine metabolism 1168:1247 Paludibacter and Desulfopila in abundance showed negative (P < 0.001) and positive (P < 0.05) correlation, respectively, to cattle weight gain through metagenomic functional prediction of methane, cysteine and methionine metabolism. 28417460 3 41 theme 16S 452:454 arg1 rRNA 456:459 16S rRNA 452:459 16S rRNA 452:459 Total DNA was amplified (V3-V4 of 16S rRNA) and submitted to barcode-DNA pyrosequencing. 28417460 8 42 theme regular 1360:1366 arg1 group 1373:1377 the regular diet group 1356:1377 the regular diet group 1356:1377 Meanwhile, cofactor/vitamin and amino acid metabolic processes were significantly higher in bacteria from the regular diet group than high-fat diet groups, with markedly lower cellular processes and signaling, and reduced glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (P < 0.01). 28417460 7 43 theme cattle 1141:1146 arg1 gain 1155:1158 cattle weight gain 1141:1158 cattle weight gain through metagenomic functional prediction of methane, cysteine and methionine metabolism 1141:1247 Paludibacter and Desulfopila in abundance showed negative (P < 0.001) and positive (P < 0.05) correlation, respectively, to cattle weight gain through metagenomic functional prediction of methane, cysteine and methionine metabolism. 28417460 9 44 theme similar 1576:1582 arg1 bacteria 1595:1602 similar intestinal bacteria 1576:1602 similar intestinal bacteria 1576:1602 CONCLUSIONS The 6-month cattle and female parents shared similar intestinal bacteria; the community structure of fecal microbiota was significantly affected by high-fat diet in older cattle. 28417460 4 45 theme microbiota 518:527 arg1 profiles 529:536 Intestinal microbiota profiles 507:536 Intestinal microbiota profiles 507:536 Intestinal microbiota profiles and functions were then analyzed. 28417460 5 46 theme operational 599:609 arg1 units 621:625 114 512 operational taxonomic units 591:625 114 512 operational taxonomic units 591:625 RESULTS A total of 114 512 operational taxonomic units were detected from the 1 802 243 sequences obtained. 28417460 8 47 theme high-fat 1384:1391 arg1 diet 1393:1396 high-fat diet 1384:1396 high-fat diet groups 1384:1403 Meanwhile, cofactor/vitamin and amino acid metabolic processes were significantly higher in bacteria from the regular diet group than high-fat diet groups, with markedly lower cellular processes and signaling, and reduced glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (P < 0.01). 28417460 9 48 dep CONCLUSIONS 1519:1529 arg1 parents 1561:1567 The 6-month cattle and female parents 1531:1567 CONCLUSIONS The 6-month cattle and female parents 1519:1567 CONCLUSIONS The 6-month cattle and female parents shared similar intestinal bacteria; the community structure of fecal microbiota was significantly affected by high-fat diet in older cattle. 28417460 6 49 from Proteobacteria 891:904 arg1 groups 873:878 the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups 847:878 groups 873:878 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 7 50 theme P 1101:1101 arg1 < 1103:1103 P < 0.05 1101:1108 P < 0.05 1101:1108 Paludibacter and Desulfopila in abundance showed negative (P < 0.001) and positive (P < 0.05) correlation, respectively, to cattle weight gain through metagenomic functional prediction of methane, cysteine and methionine metabolism. 28417460 6 51 dep Firmicutes 929:938 arg1 % 945:945 27.4% 941:945 27.4% 941:945 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 6 51 dep Firmicutes 929:938 arg1 % 952:952 22.2% 948:952 22.2% 948:952 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 6 51 dep Firmicutes 929:938 arg1 % 959:959 20.1% 955:959 20.1% 955:959 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 0 52 theme bovine 110:115 arg1 livestock 117:125 healthy bovine livestock 102:125 healthy bovine livestock 102:125 Effect of high-fat diet and growth stage on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in healthy bovine livestock. 28417460 3 53 theme barcode-DNA 479:489 arg1 pyrosequencing 491:504 barcode-DNA pyrosequencing 479:504 barcode-DNA pyrosequencing 479:504 Total DNA was amplified (V3-V4 of 16S rRNA) and submitted to barcode-DNA pyrosequencing. 28417460 8 54 theme lower 1420:1424 arg1 processes 1435:1443 markedly lower cellular processes 1411:1443 markedly lower cellular processes 1411:1443 Meanwhile, cofactor/vitamin and amino acid metabolic processes were significantly higher in bacteria from the regular diet group than high-fat diet groups, with markedly lower cellular processes and signaling, and reduced glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (P < 0.01). 28417460 0 55 from composition 62:72 arg1 livestock 117:125 healthy bovine livestock 102:125 healthy bovine livestock 102:125 Effect of high-fat diet and growth stage on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in healthy bovine livestock. 28417460 7 56 theme positive 1091:1098 arg1 correlation 1111:1121 negative (P < 0.001) and positive (P < 0.05) correlation 1066:1121 negative (P < 0.001) and positive (P < 0.05) correlation 1066:1121 Paludibacter and Desulfopila in abundance showed negative (P < 0.001) and positive (P < 0.05) correlation, respectively, to cattle weight gain through metagenomic functional prediction of methane, cysteine and methionine metabolism. 28417460 9 57 theme fecal 1632:1636 arg1 microbiota 1638:1647 fecal microbiota 1632:1647 fecal microbiota 1632:1647 CONCLUSIONS The 6-month cattle and female parents shared similar intestinal bacteria; the community structure of fecal microbiota was significantly affected by high-fat diet in older cattle. 28417460 5 58 theme 802 652:654 arg1 sequences 660:668 the 1 802 243 sequences 646:668 the 1 802 243 sequences obtained 646:677 RESULTS A total of 114 512 operational taxonomic units were detected from the 1 802 243 sequences obtained. 28417460 7 59 dep negative 1066:1073 arg1 P 1076:1076 P < 0.001 1076:1084 P < 0.001 1076:1084 Paludibacter and Desulfopila in abundance showed negative (P < 0.001) and positive (P < 0.05) correlation, respectively, to cattle weight gain through metagenomic functional prediction of methane, cysteine and methionine metabolism. 28417460 7 59 dep negative 1066:1073 arg1 < 1103:1103 P < 0.05 1101:1108 P < 0.05 1101:1108 Paludibacter and Desulfopila in abundance showed negative (P < 0.001) and positive (P < 0.05) correlation, respectively, to cattle weight gain through metagenomic functional prediction of methane, cysteine and methionine metabolism. 28417460 0 60 from diversity 48:56 arg1 livestock 117:125 healthy bovine livestock 102:125 healthy bovine livestock 102:125 Effect of high-fat diet and growth stage on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in healthy bovine livestock. 28417460 5 61 theme units 621:625 arg1 total 582:586 A total 580:586 A total of 114 512 operational taxonomic units 580:625 RESULTS A total of 114 512 operational taxonomic units were detected from the 1 802 243 sequences obtained. 28417460 7 62 theme < 1078:1078 arg1 P 1076:1076 P < 0.001 1076:1084 P < 0.001 1076:1084 Paludibacter and Desulfopila in abundance showed negative (P < 0.001) and positive (P < 0.05) correlation, respectively, to cattle weight gain through metagenomic functional prediction of methane, cysteine and methionine metabolism. 28417460 9 63 theme high-fat 1679:1686 arg1 diet 1688:1691 high-fat diet 1679:1691 high-fat diet 1679:1691 CONCLUSIONS The 6-month cattle and female parents shared similar intestinal bacteria; the community structure of fecal microbiota was significantly affected by high-fat diet in older cattle. 28417460 8 64 theme glycan 1472:1477 arg1 biosynthesis 1479:1490 reduced glycan biosynthesis 1464:1490 reduced glycan biosynthesis 1464:1490 Meanwhile, cofactor/vitamin and amino acid metabolic processes were significantly higher in bacteria from the regular diet group than high-fat diet groups, with markedly lower cellular processes and signaling, and reduced glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (P < 0.01). 28417460 6 65 theme 12- 851:853 arg1 groups 873:878 the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups 847:878 groups 873:878 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 8 66 theme metabolic 1293:1301 arg1 processes 1303:1311 metabolic processes 1293:1311 metabolic processes 1293:1311 Meanwhile, cofactor/vitamin and amino acid metabolic processes were significantly higher in bacteria from the regular diet group than high-fat diet groups, with markedly lower cellular processes and signaling, and reduced glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (P < 0.01). 28417460 6 67 dep Bacteroidetes 966:978 arg1 % 985:985 14.9% 981:985 14.9% 981:985 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 6 67 dep Bacteroidetes 966:978 arg1 % 992:992 19.4% 988:992 19.4% 988:992 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 6 67 dep Bacteroidetes 966:978 arg1 % 999:999 17.7% 995:999 17.7% 995:999 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 10 68 theme Chemical 1728:1735 arg1 Industry 1737:1744 Chemical Industry 1728:1744 Chemical Industry 1728:1744 © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. 28417460 0 69 theme intestinal 77:86 arg1 microbiota 88:97 intestinal microbiota 77:97 intestinal microbiota 77:97 Effect of high-fat diet and growth stage on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in healthy bovine livestock. 28417460 7 70 theme methionine 1227:1236 arg1 metabolism 1238:1247 methionine metabolism 1227:1247 methionine metabolism 1227:1247 Paludibacter and Desulfopila in abundance showed negative (P < 0.001) and positive (P < 0.05) correlation, respectively, to cattle weight gain through metagenomic functional prediction of methane, cysteine and methionine metabolism. 28417460 3 71 dep amplified 432:440 arg1 V3-V4 443:447 V3-V4 443:447 V3-V4 of 16S rRNA 443:459 Total DNA was amplified (V3-V4 of 16S rRNA) and submitted to barcode-DNA pyrosequencing. 28417460 0 72 theme diet 19:22 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of high-fat diet and growth stage on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in healthy bovine livestock. 0:126 Effect of high-fat diet and growth stage on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in healthy bovine livestock. 28417460 0 73 dep diversity 48:56 arg1 the 44:46 the 44:46 the 44:46 Effect of high-fat diet and growth stage on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in healthy bovine livestock. 28417460 2 74 theme healthy 377:383 arg1 parents 392:398 healthy female parents 377:398 healthy female parents 377:398 Fecal samples were collected from 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month cattle fed high-fat diet, and healthy female parents fed regular diet. 28417460 4 75 theme Intestinal 507:516 arg1 profiles 529:536 Intestinal microbiota profiles 507:536 Intestinal microbiota profiles 507:536 Intestinal microbiota profiles and functions were then analyzed. 28417460 8 76 from group 1373:1377 arg1 bacteria 1342:1349 bacteria 1342:1349 bacteria from the regular diet group 1342:1377 Meanwhile, cofactor/vitamin and amino acid metabolic processes were significantly higher in bacteria from the regular diet group than high-fat diet groups, with markedly lower cellular processes and signaling, and reduced glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (P < 0.01). 28417460 3 77 theme Total 418:422 arg1 DNA 424:426 Total DNA 418:426 Total DNA 418:426 Total DNA was amplified (V3-V4 of 16S rRNA) and submitted to barcode-DNA pyrosequencing. 28417460 0 78 theme growth 28:33 arg1 stage 35:39 growth stage 28:39 growth stage 28:39 Effect of high-fat diet and growth stage on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in healthy bovine livestock. 28417460 1 79 theme different 270:278 arg1 diets 280:284 different diets 270:284 different diets 270:284 BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the composition of bacteria in the bovine rectum and their functions during growth, in relation to different diets. 28417460 6 80 theme 24-month 864:871 arg1 groups 873:878 the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups 847:878 groups 873:878 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 6 81 theme parent 706:711 arg1 groups 713:718 6-month-old and female parent groups 683:718 6-month-old and female parent groups 683:718 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 2 82 theme high-fat 358:365 arg1 diet 367:370 high-fat diet 358:370 high-fat diet 358:370 Fecal samples were collected from 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month cattle fed high-fat diet, and healthy female parents fed regular diet. 28417460 2 83 theme regular 404:410 arg1 diet 412:415 regular diet 404:415 regular diet 404:415 Fecal samples were collected from 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month cattle fed high-fat diet, and healthy female parents fed regular diet. 28417460 8 84 theme amino 1282:1286 arg1 acid 1288:1291 amino acid 1282:1291 amino acid 1282:1291 Meanwhile, cofactor/vitamin and amino acid metabolic processes were significantly higher in bacteria from the regular diet group than high-fat diet groups, with markedly lower cellular processes and signaling, and reduced glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (P < 0.01). 28417460 9 85 theme cattle 1543:1548 arg1 parents 1561:1567 The 6-month cattle and female parents 1531:1567 CONCLUSIONS The 6-month cattle and female parents 1519:1567 CONCLUSIONS The 6-month cattle and female parents shared similar intestinal bacteria; the community structure of fecal microbiota was significantly affected by high-fat diet in older cattle. 28417460 6 86 dep Firmicutes 785:794 arg1 % 801:801 34.4% 797:801 34.4% 797:801 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 6 86 dep Firmicutes 785:794 arg1 % 808:808 48.2% 804:808 48.2% 804:808 In 6-month-old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12-, 18- and 24-month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. 28417460 8 87 theme diet 1368:1371 arg1 group 1373:1377 the regular diet group 1356:1377 the regular diet group 1356:1377 Meanwhile, cofactor/vitamin and amino acid metabolic processes were significantly higher in bacteria from the regular diet group than high-fat diet groups, with markedly lower cellular processes and signaling, and reduced glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (P < 0.01). 28417460 7 88 theme functional 1180:1189 arg1 prediction 1191:1200 metagenomic functional prediction 1168:1200 metagenomic functional prediction of methane, cysteine and methionine metabolism 1168:1247 Paludibacter and Desulfopila in abundance showed negative (P < 0.001) and positive (P < 0.05) correlation, respectively, to cattle weight gain through metagenomic functional prediction of methane, cysteine and methionine metabolism. 28417460 9 89 theme female 1554:1559 arg1 parents 1561:1567 The 6-month cattle and female parents 1531:1567 CONCLUSIONS The 6-month cattle and female parents 1519:1567 CONCLUSIONS The 6-month cattle and female parents shared similar intestinal bacteria; the community structure of fecal microbiota was significantly affected by high-fat diet in older cattle. 28417460 3 90 theme rRNA 456:459 arg1 V3-V4 443:447 V3-V4 443:447 V3-V4 of 16S rRNA 443:459 Total DNA was amplified (V3-V4 of 16S rRNA) and submitted to barcode-DNA pyrosequencing. 29229529 5 0 theme production 750:759 arg1 yield 761:765 the production yield 746:765 the production yield up to 36.26% 746:778 The results showed that the Ning shield could enhance the production yield up to 36.26%. 29229529 8 1 theme growth 1271:1276 arg1 promotion 1278:1286 the plant growth promotion 1261:1286 the plant growth promotion 1261:1286 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 5 2 dep yield 761:765 arg1 % 778:778 % 778:778 % 778:778 The results showed that the Ning shield could enhance the production yield up to 36.26%. 29229529 6 3 theme phosphorus 879:888 arg1 contents 847:854 the contents 843:854 the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter 843:918 Ning shield could also promote the plant growth by increasing the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, and increasing the contents of leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment. 29229529 2 4 from potential 333:341 arg1 kirilowii 360:368 Trichosanthes kirilowii 346:368 Trichosanthes kirilowii 346:368 In this study, the plant growth promotion and root-knot nematode disease control potential on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field were evaluated. 29229529 2 4 from potential 333:341 arg1 field 377:381 the field 373:381 the field 373:381 In this study, the plant growth promotion and root-knot nematode disease control potential on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field were evaluated. 29229529 6 5 theme chlorophyll 957:967 arg1 contents 940:947 the contents 936:947 the contents of leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment 936:990 Ning shield could also promote the plant growth by increasing the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, and increasing the contents of leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment. 29229529 0 6 theme Ning 103:106 arg1 potential 76:84 plant growth promotion potential 53:84 plant growth promotion potential of biofertilizer Ning 53:106 Evaluation of root-knot nematode disease control and plant growth promotion potential of biofertilizer Ning shield on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field. 29229529 0 6 theme Ning 103:106 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of root-knot nematode disease control 0:47 Evaluation of root-knot nematode disease control and plant growth promotion potential of biofertilizer Ning shield on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field. 29229529 8 7 dep Ning 1149:1152 arg1 shield 1154:1159 shield 1154:1159 shield 1154:1159 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 2 8 theme promotion 284:292 arg1 potential 333:341 the plant growth promotion and root-knot nematode disease control potential 267:341 the plant growth promotion and root-knot nematode disease control potential on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field 267:381 In this study, the plant growth promotion and root-knot nematode disease control potential on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field were evaluated. 29229529 6 9 theme leaf 952:955 arg1 chlorophyll 957:967 leaf chlorophyll 952:967 leaf chlorophyll 952:967 Ning shield could also promote the plant growth by increasing the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, and increasing the contents of leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment. 29229529 4 10 from growth 594:599 arg1 field 624:628 the field 620:628 the field 620:628 Ning shield could also promote the growth of T. kirilowii in the field by increasing seedling emergence, height and the root weight. 29229529 6 11 theme nitrogen 869:876 arg1 contents 847:854 the contents 843:854 the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter 843:918 Ning shield could also promote the plant growth by increasing the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, and increasing the contents of leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment. 29229529 8 12 theme root-knot 1315:1323 arg1 disease 1325:1331 root-knot disease 1315:1331 root-knot disease 1315:1331 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 2 13 theme growth 277:282 arg1 promotion 284:292 plant growth promotion 271:292 plant growth promotion 271:292 In this study, the plant growth promotion and root-knot nematode disease control potential on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field were evaluated. 29229529 6 14 theme available 859:867 arg1 nitrogen 869:876 available nitrogen 859:876 available nitrogen 859:876 Ning shield could also promote the plant growth by increasing the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, and increasing the contents of leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment. 29229529 5 15 dep 36.26 773:777 arg1 to 770:771 to 770:771 to 770:771 The results showed that the Ning shield could enhance the production yield up to 36.26%. 29229529 8 16 theme plant 1265:1269 arg1 promotion 1278:1286 the plant growth promotion 1261:1286 the plant growth promotion 1261:1286 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 2 17 theme plant 271:275 arg1 promotion 284:292 plant growth promotion 271:292 plant growth promotion 271:292 In this study, the plant growth promotion and root-knot nematode disease control potential on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field were evaluated. 29229529 7 18 theme Trichosanthes 1071:1083 arg1 compositions 1055:1066 the medicinal compositions 1041:1066 the medicinal compositions of Trichosanthes 1041:1083 Moreover, Ning shield could efficiently enhance the medicinal compositions of Trichosanthes, referring to the polysaccharides and trichosanthin. 29229529 3 19 theme Ning 418:421 arg1 application 403:413 The application 399:413 The application of Ning shield 399:428 The application of Ning shield significantly reduced the diseases severity caused by Meloidogyne incognita, the biocontrol efficacy could reached up to 51.08%. 29229529 7 20 theme medicinal 1045:1053 arg1 compositions 1055:1066 the medicinal compositions 1041:1066 the medicinal compositions of Trichosanthes 1041:1083 Moreover, Ning shield could efficiently enhance the medicinal compositions of Trichosanthes, referring to the polysaccharides and trichosanthin. 29229529 4 21 theme T. 604:605 arg1 kirilowii 607:615 T. kirilowii 604:615 T. kirilowii 604:615 Ning shield could also promote the growth of T. kirilowii in the field by increasing seedling emergence, height and the root weight. 29229529 3 22 theme diseases 456:463 arg1 severity 465:472 the diseases severity 452:472 the diseases severity caused by Meloidogyne incognita 452:504 The application of Ning shield significantly reduced the diseases severity caused by Meloidogyne incognita, the biocontrol efficacy could reached up to 51.08%. 29229529 8 23 theme promising 1166:1174 arg1 biofertilizer 1176:1188 a promising biofertilizer 1164:1188 a promising biofertilizer 1164:1188 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 8 23 theme promising 1166:1174 arg1 Ning 1149:1152 Ning 1149:1152 Ning 1149:1152 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 4 24 dep Ning 559:562 arg1 shield 564:569 shield 564:569 shield 564:569 Ning shield could also promote the growth of T. kirilowii in the field by increasing seedling emergence, height and the root weight. 29229529 3 25 dep Ning 418:421 arg1 shield 423:428 shield 423:428 shield 423:428 The application of Ning shield significantly reduced the diseases severity caused by Meloidogyne incognita, the biocontrol efficacy could reached up to 51.08%. 29229529 2 26 theme disease 317:323 arg1 control 325:331 root-knot nematode disease control 298:331 root-knot nematode disease control 298:331 In this study, the plant growth promotion and root-knot nematode disease control potential on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field were evaluated. 29229529 8 27 theme kirilowii 1232:1240 arg1 promotion 1278:1286 the plant growth promotion 1261:1286 the plant growth promotion 1261:1286 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 8 27 theme kirilowii 1232:1240 arg1 enhancement 1337:1347 enhancement 1337:1347 enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality 1337:1386 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 8 27 theme kirilowii 1232:1240 arg1 control 1304:1310 the biological control 1289:1310 the biological control of root-knot disease 1289:1331 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 8 27 theme kirilowii 1232:1240 arg1 growers 1242:1248 T. kirilowii growers 1229:1248 T. kirilowii growers 1229:1248 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 2 28 theme nematode 308:315 arg1 control 325:331 root-knot nematode disease control 298:331 root-knot nematode disease control 298:331 In this study, the plant growth promotion and root-knot nematode disease control potential on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field were evaluated. 29229529 6 29 dep Ning 781:784 arg1 shield 786:791 shield 786:791 shield 786:791 Ning shield could also promote the plant growth by increasing the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, and increasing the contents of leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment. 29229529 8 30 theme T. 1229:1230 arg1 promotion 1278:1286 the plant growth promotion 1261:1286 the plant growth promotion 1261:1286 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 8 30 theme T. 1229:1230 arg1 enhancement 1337:1347 enhancement 1337:1347 enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality 1337:1386 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 8 30 theme T. 1229:1230 arg1 control 1304:1310 the biological control 1289:1310 the biological control of root-knot disease 1289:1331 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 8 30 theme T. 1229:1230 arg1 growers 1242:1248 T. kirilowii growers 1229:1248 T. kirilowii growers 1229:1248 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 0 31 theme nematode 24:31 arg1 control 41:47 root-knot nematode disease control 14:47 root-knot nematode disease control 14:47 Evaluation of root-knot nematode disease control and plant growth promotion potential of biofertilizer Ning shield on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field. 29229529 8 32 theme quality 1380:1386 arg1 promotion 1278:1286 the plant growth promotion 1261:1286 the plant growth promotion 1261:1286 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 8 32 theme quality 1380:1386 arg1 enhancement 1337:1347 enhancement 1337:1347 enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality 1337:1386 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 8 32 theme quality 1380:1386 arg1 control 1304:1310 the biological control 1289:1310 the biological control of root-knot disease 1289:1331 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 2 33 theme root-knot 298:306 arg1 control 325:331 root-knot nematode disease control 298:331 root-knot nematode disease control 298:331 In this study, the plant growth promotion and root-knot nematode disease control potential on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field were evaluated. 29229529 8 34 theme medicinal 1370:1378 arg1 quality 1380:1386 the medicinal quality 1366:1386 the medicinal quality 1366:1386 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 1 35 theme different 198:206 arg1 strains 208:214 different strains 198:214 different strains of plant growth promotion bacteria 198:249 Biofertilizer Ning shield was composed of different strains of plant growth promotion bacteria. 29229529 1 36 dep Ning 170:173 arg1 shield 175:180 shield 175:180 shield 175:180 Biofertilizer Ning shield was composed of different strains of plant growth promotion bacteria. 29229529 0 37 theme Trichosanthes 118:130 arg1 kirilowii 132:140 Trichosanthes kirilowii 118:140 Trichosanthes kirilowii 118:140 Evaluation of root-knot nematode disease control and plant growth promotion potential of biofertilizer Ning shield on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field. 29229529 8 38 theme yield 1356:1360 arg1 promotion 1278:1286 the plant growth promotion 1261:1286 the plant growth promotion 1261:1286 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 8 38 theme yield 1356:1360 arg1 enhancement 1337:1347 enhancement 1337:1347 enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality 1337:1386 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 8 38 theme yield 1356:1360 arg1 control 1304:1310 the biological control 1289:1310 the biological control of root-knot disease 1289:1331 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 3 39 theme Meloidogyne 484:494 arg1 incognita 496:504 Meloidogyne incognita 484:504 Meloidogyne incognita 484:504 The application of Ning shield significantly reduced the diseases severity caused by Meloidogyne incognita, the biocontrol efficacy could reached up to 51.08%. 29229529 0 40 theme control 41:47 arg1 potential 76:84 plant growth promotion potential 53:84 plant growth promotion potential of biofertilizer Ning 53:106 Evaluation of root-knot nematode disease control and plant growth promotion potential of biofertilizer Ning shield on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field. 29229529 0 40 theme control 41:47 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of root-knot nematode disease control 0:47 Evaluation of root-knot nematode disease control and plant growth promotion potential of biofertilizer Ning shield on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field. 29229529 3 41 dep 51.08 551:555 arg1 to 548:549 to 548:549 to 548:549 The application of Ning shield significantly reduced the diseases severity caused by Meloidogyne incognita, the biocontrol efficacy could reached up to 51.08%. 29229529 8 42 theme biological 1293:1302 arg1 control 1304:1310 the biological control 1289:1310 the biological control of root-knot disease 1289:1331 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 7 43 dep Ning 1003:1006 arg1 shield 1008:1013 shield 1008:1013 shield 1008:1013 Moreover, Ning shield could efficiently enhance the medicinal compositions of Trichosanthes, referring to the polysaccharides and trichosanthin. 29229529 4 44 theme seedling 644:651 arg1 weight 684:689 the root weight 675:689 the root weight 675:689 Ning shield could also promote the growth of T. kirilowii in the field by increasing seedling emergence, height and the root weight. 29229529 4 44 theme seedling 644:651 arg1 height 664:669 height 664:669 height 664:669 Ning shield could also promote the growth of T. kirilowii in the field by increasing seedling emergence, height and the root weight. 29229529 4 44 theme seedling 644:651 arg1 emergence 653:661 seedling emergence 644:661 seedling emergence 644:661 Ning shield could also promote the growth of T. kirilowii in the field by increasing seedling emergence, height and the root weight. 29229529 0 45 theme disease 33:39 arg1 control 41:47 root-knot nematode disease control 14:47 root-knot nematode disease control 14:47 Evaluation of root-knot nematode disease control and plant growth promotion potential of biofertilizer Ning shield on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field. 29229529 6 46 theme pigment 984:990 arg1 contents 940:947 the contents 936:947 the contents of leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment 936:990 Ning shield could also promote the plant growth by increasing the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, and increasing the contents of leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment. 29229529 1 47 theme plant 219:223 arg1 bacteria 242:249 plant growth promotion bacteria 219:249 plant growth promotion bacteria 219:249 Biofertilizer Ning shield was composed of different strains of plant growth promotion bacteria. 29229529 0 48 theme plant 53:57 arg1 potential 76:84 plant growth promotion potential 53:84 plant growth promotion potential of biofertilizer Ning 53:106 Evaluation of root-knot nematode disease control and plant growth promotion potential of biofertilizer Ning shield on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field. 29229529 6 49 theme matter 913:918 arg1 contents 847:854 the contents 843:854 the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter 843:918 Ning shield could also promote the plant growth by increasing the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, and increasing the contents of leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment. 29229529 2 50 theme Trichosanthes 346:358 arg1 kirilowii 360:368 Trichosanthes kirilowii 346:368 Trichosanthes kirilowii 346:368 In this study, the plant growth promotion and root-knot nematode disease control potential on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field were evaluated. 29229529 6 51 theme organic 905:911 arg1 matter 913:918 organic matter 905:918 organic matter 905:918 Ning shield could also promote the plant growth by increasing the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, and increasing the contents of leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment. 29229529 6 52 theme plant 816:820 arg1 growth 822:827 the plant growth 812:827 the plant growth 812:827 Ning shield could also promote the plant growth by increasing the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, and increasing the contents of leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment. 29229529 5 53 dep % 778:778 arg1 36.26 773:777 36.26 773:777 36.26 773:777 The results showed that the Ning shield could enhance the production yield up to 36.26%. 29229529 3 54 theme biocontrol 511:520 arg1 efficacy 522:529 the biocontrol efficacy 507:529 the biocontrol efficacy 507:529 The application of Ning shield significantly reduced the diseases severity caused by Meloidogyne incognita, the biocontrol efficacy could reached up to 51.08%. 29229529 3 55 dep reached 537:543 arg1 could 531:535 could 531:535 could 531:535 The application of Ning shield significantly reduced the diseases severity caused by Meloidogyne incognita, the biocontrol efficacy could reached up to 51.08%. 29229529 1 56 theme growth 225:230 arg1 bacteria 242:249 plant growth promotion bacteria 219:249 plant growth promotion bacteria 219:249 Biofertilizer Ning shield was composed of different strains of plant growth promotion bacteria. 29229529 5 57 dep Ning 720:723 arg1 shield 725:730 shield 725:730 shield 725:730 The results showed that the Ning shield could enhance the production yield up to 36.26%. 29229529 8 58 theme disease 1325:1331 arg1 promotion 1278:1286 the plant growth promotion 1261:1286 the plant growth promotion 1261:1286 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 8 58 theme disease 1325:1331 arg1 enhancement 1337:1347 enhancement 1337:1347 enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality 1337:1386 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 8 58 theme disease 1325:1331 arg1 control 1304:1310 the biological control 1289:1310 the biological control of root-knot disease 1289:1331 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 2 59 theme control 325:331 arg1 potential 333:341 the plant growth promotion and root-knot nematode disease control potential 267:341 the plant growth promotion and root-knot nematode disease control potential on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field 267:381 In this study, the plant growth promotion and root-knot nematode disease control potential on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field were evaluated. 29229529 8 60 theme beneficial 1207:1216 arg1 effects 1218:1224 beneficial effects 1207:1224 beneficial effects 1207:1224 Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality. 29229529 1 61 theme promotion 232:240 arg1 bacteria 242:249 plant growth promotion bacteria 219:249 plant growth promotion bacteria 219:249 Biofertilizer Ning shield was composed of different strains of plant growth promotion bacteria. 29229529 0 62 theme promotion 66:74 arg1 potential 76:84 plant growth promotion potential 53:84 plant growth promotion potential of biofertilizer Ning 53:106 Evaluation of root-knot nematode disease control and plant growth promotion potential of biofertilizer Ning shield on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field. 29229529 4 63 theme root 679:682 arg1 weight 684:689 the root weight 675:689 the root weight 675:689 Ning shield could also promote the growth of T. kirilowii in the field by increasing seedling emergence, height and the root weight. 29229529 4 63 theme root 679:682 arg1 emergence 653:661 seedling emergence 644:661 seedling emergence 644:661 Ning shield could also promote the growth of T. kirilowii in the field by increasing seedling emergence, height and the root weight. 29229529 1 64 theme bacteria 242:249 arg1 strains 208:214 different strains 198:214 different strains of plant growth promotion bacteria 198:249 Biofertilizer Ning shield was composed of different strains of plant growth promotion bacteria. 29229529 0 65 theme growth 59:64 arg1 potential 76:84 plant growth promotion potential 53:84 plant growth promotion potential of biofertilizer Ning 53:106 Evaluation of root-knot nematode disease control and plant growth promotion potential of biofertilizer Ning shield on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field. 29229529 6 66 theme potassium 891:899 arg1 contents 847:854 the contents 843:854 the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter 843:918 Ning shield could also promote the plant growth by increasing the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, and increasing the contents of leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment. 29229529 0 67 theme root-knot 14:22 arg1 control 41:47 root-knot nematode disease control 14:47 root-knot nematode disease control 14:47 Evaluation of root-knot nematode disease control and plant growth promotion potential of biofertilizer Ning shield on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field. 29229529 4 68 theme kirilowii 607:615 arg1 growth 594:599 the growth 590:599 the growth of T. kirilowii in the field 590:628 Ning shield could also promote the growth of T. kirilowii in the field by increasing seedling emergence, height and the root weight. 29229529 6 69 theme carotenoid 973:982 arg1 pigment 984:990 carotenoid pigment 973:990 carotenoid pigment 973:990 Ning shield could also promote the plant growth by increasing the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, and increasing the contents of leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment. 25115519 5 0 theme peptidoglycan 815:827 arg1 part 793:796 a part 791:796 a part of the bacterial peptidoglycan 791:827 This layer was mainly composed of 6-deoxyhexoses, ie rhamnose, 3-O-methyl-rhamnose and quinovose, but also of glucosamine and muramic lactam, known also to be a part of the bacterial peptidoglycan. 25115519 6 1 theme layer 935:939 arg1 structure 902:910 the structure 898:910 the structure of the required mucous layer 898:939 The specific hydrolysis of the peptidoglycan using lysozyme altered the structure of the required mucous layer and affected the physico-chemical properties of the spores. 25115519 6 2 theme spores 993:998 arg1 properties 975:984 the physico-chemical properties 954:984 the physico-chemical properties of the spores 954:998 The specific hydrolysis of the peptidoglycan using lysozyme altered the structure of the required mucous layer and affected the physico-chemical properties of the spores. 25115519 6 3 theme specific 834:841 arg1 hydrolysis 843:852 The specific hydrolysis 830:852 The specific hydrolysis of the peptidoglycan using lysozyme 830:888 The specific hydrolysis of the peptidoglycan using lysozyme altered the structure of the required mucous layer and affected the physico-chemical properties of the spores. 25115519 4 4 theme mechanical 423:432 arg1 removal 434:440 The mechanical removal 419:440 The mechanical removal of the layer 419:453 The mechanical removal of the layer did not affect their resistance to heat or their ability to germinate but rendered the spore less hydrophilic, more adherent to stainless steel, and more resistant to cleaning. 25115519 6 5 theme mucous 928:933 arg1 layer 935:939 the required mucous layer 915:939 the required mucous layer 915:939 The specific hydrolysis of the peptidoglycan using lysozyme altered the structure of the required mucous layer and affected the physico-chemical properties of the spores. 25115519 3 6 theme Further 331:337 arg1 analyses 339:346 Further analyses 331:346 Further analyses 331:346 Further analyses were performed on B. subtilis 98/7 spores surrounded by a thick layer. 25115519 2 7 theme thickness 264:272 arg1 layer 246:250 an external layer 234:250 an external layer of variable thickness and regularity 234:287 First, an external layer of variable thickness and regularity was often observed on B. subtilis spores. 25115519 6 8 theme required 919:926 arg1 layer 935:939 the required mucous layer 915:939 the required mucous layer 915:939 The specific hydrolysis of the peptidoglycan using lysozyme altered the structure of the required mucous layer and affected the physico-chemical properties of the spores. 25115519 0 9 theme Bacillus 77:84 arg1 spores 95:100 Bacillus subtilis spores 77:100 Bacillus subtilis spores 77:100 Presence and function of a thick mucous layer rich in polysaccharides around Bacillus subtilis spores. 25115519 3 10 dep B. 366:367 arg1 subtilis 369:376 subtilis 369:376 subtilis 369:376 Further analyses were performed on B. subtilis 98/7 spores surrounded by a thick layer. 25115519 2 11 theme variable 255:262 arg1 thickness 264:272 variable thickness 255:272 variable thickness 255:272 First, an external layer of variable thickness and regularity was often observed on B. subtilis spores. 25115519 5 12 theme ie 682:683 arg1 rhamnose 685:692 ie rhamnose 682:692 ie rhamnose 682:692 This layer was mainly composed of 6-deoxyhexoses, ie rhamnose, 3-O-methyl-rhamnose and quinovose, but also of glucosamine and muramic lactam, known also to be a part of the bacterial peptidoglycan. 25115519 3 13 theme thick 406:410 arg1 layer 412:416 a thick layer 404:416 a thick layer 404:416 Further analyses were performed on B. subtilis 98/7 spores surrounded by a thick layer. 25115519 0 14 theme mucous 33:38 arg1 layer 40:44 a thick mucous layer 25:44 a thick mucous layer rich in polysaccharides around Bacillus subtilis spores 25:100 Presence and function of a thick mucous layer rich in polysaccharides around Bacillus subtilis spores. 25115519 2 15 located observed 299:306 arg2 layer 246:250 an external layer 234:250 an external layer of variable thickness and regularity 234:287 First, an external layer of variable thickness and regularity was often observed on B. subtilis spores. 25115519 2 15 located observed 299:306 arg1 spores 323:328 B. subtilis spores 311:328 B. subtilis spores 311:328 First, an external layer of variable thickness and regularity was often observed on B. subtilis spores. 25115519 7 16 theme licheniformis 1067:1079 arg1 spores 1054:1059 spores 1054:1059 spores of B. licheniformis and B. clausii isolated from food environments 1054:1126 Such an outermost mucous layer has also been seen on spores of B. licheniformis and B. clausii isolated from food environments. 25115519 0 17 dep Bacillus 77:84 arg1 subtilis 86:93 subtilis 86:93 subtilis 86:93 Presence and function of a thick mucous layer rich in polysaccharides around Bacillus subtilis spores. 25115519 7 18 theme food 1110:1113 arg1 environments 1115:1126 food environments 1110:1126 food environments 1110:1126 Such an outermost mucous layer has also been seen on spores of B. licheniformis and B. clausii isolated from food environments. 25115519 4 19 theme layer 449:453 arg1 removal 434:440 The mechanical removal 419:440 The mechanical removal of the layer 419:453 The mechanical removal of the layer did not affect their resistance to heat or their ability to germinate but rendered the spore less hydrophilic, more adherent to stainless steel, and more resistant to cleaning. 25115519 7 20 theme mucous 1019:1024 arg1 layer 1026:1030 Such an outermost mucous layer 1001:1030 Such an outermost mucous layer 1001:1030 Such an outermost mucous layer has also been seen on spores of B. licheniformis and B. clausii isolated from food environments. 25115519 7 21 attach isolated 1096:1103 arg1 environments 1115:1126 food environments 1110:1126 food environments 1110:1126 Such an outermost mucous layer has also been seen on spores of B. licheniformis and B. clausii isolated from food environments. 25115519 7 21 attach isolated 1096:1103 arg2 licheniformis 1067:1079 B. licheniformis 1064:1079 B. licheniformis 1064:1079 Such an outermost mucous layer has also been seen on spores of B. licheniformis and B. clausii isolated from food environments. 25115519 3 22 theme B. 366:367 arg1 spores 383:388 B. subtilis 98/7 spores 366:388 B. subtilis 98/7 spores surrounded by a thick layer 366:416 Further analyses were performed on B. subtilis 98/7 spores surrounded by a thick layer. 25115519 1 23 dep presence 144:151 arg1 the 140:142 the 140:142 the 140:142 This study was designed to establish the presence and function of the mucous layer surrounding spores of Bacillus subtilis. 25115519 4 24 theme resistant 609:617 arg1 spore 542:546 the spore 538:546 the spore less hydrophilic, more adherent to stainless steel, and more resistant to cleaning 538:629 The mechanical removal of the layer did not affect their resistance to heat or their ability to germinate but rendered the spore less hydrophilic, more adherent to stainless steel, and more resistant to cleaning. 25115519 5 25 theme muramic 758:764 arg1 lactam 766:771 muramic lactam 758:771 muramic lactam 758:771 This layer was mainly composed of 6-deoxyhexoses, ie rhamnose, 3-O-methyl-rhamnose and quinovose, but also of glucosamine and muramic lactam, known also to be a part of the bacterial peptidoglycan. 25115519 2 26 theme regularity 278:287 arg1 layer 246:250 an external layer 234:250 an external layer of variable thickness and regularity 234:287 First, an external layer of variable thickness and regularity was often observed on B. subtilis spores. 25115519 1 27 theme mucous 173:178 arg1 layer 180:184 the mucous layer 169:184 the mucous layer surrounding spores of Bacillus subtilis 169:224 This study was designed to establish the presence and function of the mucous layer surrounding spores of Bacillus subtilis. 25115519 7 28 theme clausii 1088:1094 arg1 spores 1054:1059 spores 1054:1059 spores of B. licheniformis and B. clausii isolated from food environments 1054:1126 Such an outermost mucous layer has also been seen on spores of B. licheniformis and B. clausii isolated from food environments. 25115519 7 29 theme outermost 1009:1017 arg1 layer 1026:1030 Such an outermost mucous layer 1001:1030 Such an outermost mucous layer 1001:1030 Such an outermost mucous layer has also been seen on spores of B. licheniformis and B. clausii isolated from food environments. 25115519 2 30 dep B. 311:312 arg1 subtilis 314:321 subtilis 314:321 subtilis 314:321 First, an external layer of variable thickness and regularity was often observed on B. subtilis spores. 25115519 1 31 theme layer 180:184 arg1 function 157:164 function 157:164 function 157:164 This study was designed to establish the presence and function of the mucous layer surrounding spores of Bacillus subtilis. 25115519 1 31 theme layer 180:184 arg1 presence 144:151 presence 144:151 presence 144:151 This study was designed to establish the presence and function of the mucous layer surrounding spores of Bacillus subtilis. 25115519 0 32 theme thick 27:31 arg1 layer 40:44 a thick mucous layer 25:44 a thick mucous layer rich in polysaccharides around Bacillus subtilis spores 25:100 Presence and function of a thick mucous layer rich in polysaccharides around Bacillus subtilis spores. 25115519 0 33 from polysaccharides 54:68 arg1 rich 46:49 rich 46:49 rich 46:49 Presence and function of a thick mucous layer rich in polysaccharides around Bacillus subtilis spores. 25115519 4 34 theme adherent 571:578 arg1 spore 542:546 the spore 538:546 the spore less hydrophilic, more adherent to stainless steel, and more resistant to cleaning 538:629 The mechanical removal of the layer did not affect their resistance to heat or their ability to germinate but rendered the spore less hydrophilic, more adherent to stainless steel, and more resistant to cleaning. 25115519 0 35 theme layer 40:44 arg1 function 13:20 function 13:20 function 13:20 Presence and function of a thick mucous layer rich in polysaccharides around Bacillus subtilis spores. 25115519 0 35 theme layer 40:44 arg1 Presence 0:7 Presence 0:7 Presence 0:7 Presence and function of a thick mucous layer rich in polysaccharides around Bacillus subtilis spores. 25115519 0 36 from rich 46:49 arg1 polysaccharides 54:68 polysaccharides 54:68 polysaccharides around Bacillus subtilis spores 54:100 Presence and function of a thick mucous layer rich in polysaccharides around Bacillus subtilis spores. 25115519 3 37 theme 98/7 378:381 arg1 spores 383:388 B. subtilis 98/7 spores 366:388 B. subtilis 98/7 spores surrounded by a thick layer 366:416 Further analyses were performed on B. subtilis 98/7 spores surrounded by a thick layer. 25115519 6 38 theme peptidoglycan 861:873 arg1 hydrolysis 843:852 The specific hydrolysis 830:852 The specific hydrolysis of the peptidoglycan using lysozyme 830:888 The specific hydrolysis of the peptidoglycan using lysozyme altered the structure of the required mucous layer and affected the physico-chemical properties of the spores. 25115519 2 39 theme B. 311:312 arg1 spores 323:328 B. subtilis spores 311:328 B. subtilis spores 311:328 First, an external layer of variable thickness and regularity was often observed on B. subtilis spores. 25115519 2 40 theme external 237:244 arg1 layer 246:250 an external layer 234:250 an external layer of variable thickness and regularity 234:287 First, an external layer of variable thickness and regularity was often observed on B. subtilis spores. 25115519 6 41 theme physico-chemical 958:973 arg1 properties 975:984 the physico-chemical properties 954:984 the physico-chemical properties of the spores 954:998 The specific hydrolysis of the peptidoglycan using lysozyme altered the structure of the required mucous layer and affected the physico-chemical properties of the spores. 25115519 4 42 theme hydrophilic 553:563 arg1 spore 542:546 the spore 538:546 the spore less hydrophilic, more adherent to stainless steel, and more resistant to cleaning 538:629 The mechanical removal of the layer did not affect their resistance to heat or their ability to germinate but rendered the spore less hydrophilic, more adherent to stainless steel, and more resistant to cleaning. 25115519 4 43 theme stainless 583:591 arg1 steel 593:597 stainless steel 583:597 stainless steel 583:597 The mechanical removal of the layer did not affect their resistance to heat or their ability to germinate but rendered the spore less hydrophilic, more adherent to stainless steel, and more resistant to cleaning. 25115519 1 44 theme subtilis 217:224 arg1 spores 198:203 spores 198:203 spores of Bacillus subtilis 198:224 This study was designed to establish the presence and function of the mucous layer surrounding spores of Bacillus subtilis. 25115519 0 45 theme rich 46:49 arg1 layer 40:44 a thick mucous layer 25:44 a thick mucous layer rich in polysaccharides around Bacillus subtilis spores 25:100 Presence and function of a thick mucous layer rich in polysaccharides around Bacillus subtilis spores. 25115519 5 46 theme bacterial 805:813 arg1 peptidoglycan 815:827 the bacterial peptidoglycan 801:827 the bacterial peptidoglycan 801:827 This layer was mainly composed of 6-deoxyhexoses, ie rhamnose, 3-O-methyl-rhamnose and quinovose, but also of glucosamine and muramic lactam, known also to be a part of the bacterial peptidoglycan. 28673247 1 0 theme species 233:239 arg1 secretions 201:210 solidified saliva secretions 183:210 solidified saliva secretions of specific swiftlet species 183:239 BACKGROUND Edible bird's nest (EBN), produced from solidified saliva secretions of specific swiftlet species during the breeding season, is one of the most valuable animal by-products in the world. 28673247 6 1 theme Differential 849:860 arg1 expression 862:871 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis 849:903 expression 862:871 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 5 2 dep genes 750:754 arg1 the 746:748 the 746:748 the 746:748 The current study investigated the genes and pathways that are associated with the development of salivary gland and EBN composition. 28673247 6 3 theme Aerodramus 1159:1168 arg1 EBN 1154:1156 black EBN 1148:1156 black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) 1148:1177 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 6 3 theme Aerodramus 1159:1168 arg1 maximus 1170:1176 Aerodramus maximus 1159:1176 Aerodramus maximus 1159:1176 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 3 4 from species 600:606 arg1 transcriptomes 546:559 the transcriptomes 542:559 the transcriptomes of salivary glands from three swiftlet species (28 samples) generated by RNASeq 542:639 RESULTS The study described the transcriptomes of salivary glands from three swiftlet species (28 samples) generated by RNASeq. 28673247 3 4 from species 600:606 arg1 glands 573:578 salivary glands 564:578 salivary glands from three swiftlet species (28 samples) generated by RNASeq 564:639 RESULTS The study described the transcriptomes of salivary glands from three swiftlet species (28 samples) generated by RNASeq. 28673247 10 5 theme salivary 1974:1981 arg1 glands 1983:1988 salivary glands 1974:1988 salivary glands 1974:1988 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands of different swiftlet species reveal differential expressions of candidate genes that are involved in salivary gland development and in the biosynthesis of various bioactive compounds found in EBN. 28673247 6 6 theme non-EBN-producing 1193:1209 arg1 swiftlets 1211:1219 non-EBN-producing swiftlets 1193:1219 non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis) 1193:1234 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 6 6 theme non-EBN-producing 1193:1209 arg1 affinis 1227:1233 Apus affinis 1222:1233 Apus affinis 1222:1233 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 8 7 theme Aerodramus 1709:1718 arg1 maximus 1720:1726 Aerodramus maximus 1709:1726 Aerodramus maximus 1709:1726 Interspecies comparison between Aerodramus fuciphagus and Aerodramus maximus indicated that the genes involved in N-acetylneuraminic and fatty acid synthesis were up-regulated in Aerodramus fuciphagus, while alanine and aspartate synthesis pathways were up-regulated in Aerodramus maximus. 28673247 6 8 theme white 1110:1114 arg1 EBN 1116:1118 white EBN 1110:1118 white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) 1110:1142 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 10 9 theme bioactive 2154:2162 arg1 compounds 2164:2172 various bioactive compounds 2146:2172 various bioactive compounds found in EBN 2146:2185 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands of different swiftlet species reveal differential expressions of candidate genes that are involved in salivary gland development and in the biosynthesis of various bioactive compounds found in EBN. 28673247 10 10 theme swiftlet 2003:2010 arg1 species 2012:2018 different swiftlet species 1993:2018 different swiftlet species 1993:2018 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands of different swiftlet species reveal differential expressions of candidate genes that are involved in salivary gland development and in the biosynthesis of various bioactive compounds found in EBN. 28673247 5 11 theme gland 822:826 arg1 development 798:808 the development 794:808 the development of salivary gland and EBN composition 794:846 The current study investigated the genes and pathways that are associated with the development of salivary gland and EBN composition. 28673247 0 12 theme nest 106:109 arg1 glands 82:87 salivary glands 73:87 salivary glands of edible bird's nest producing swiftlets 73:129 De novo transcriptome analysis shows differential expression of genes in salivary glands of edible bird's nest producing swiftlets. 28673247 1 13 theme solidified 183:192 arg1 secretions 201:210 solidified saliva secretions 183:210 solidified saliva secretions of specific swiftlet species 183:239 BACKGROUND Edible bird's nest (EBN), produced from solidified saliva secretions of specific swiftlet species during the breeding season, is one of the most valuable animal by-products in the world. 28673247 0 14 from genes 64:68 arg1 glands 82:87 salivary glands 73:87 salivary glands of edible bird's nest producing swiftlets 73:129 De novo transcriptome analysis shows differential expression of genes in salivary glands of edible bird's nest producing swiftlets. 28673247 7 15 theme N-acetylneuraminic 1298:1315 arg1 acid 1317:1320 N-acetylneuraminic acid 1298:1320 N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) 1298:1334 Furthermore, MGAT, an essential gene for the biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid), was highly expressed in both white- and black-nest swiftlets compared to non-EBN-producing swiftlets. 28673247 7 15 theme N-acetylneuraminic 1298:1315 arg1 acid 1330:1333 sialic acid 1323:1333 sialic acid 1323:1333 Furthermore, MGAT, an essential gene for the biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid), was highly expressed in both white- and black-nest swiftlets compared to non-EBN-producing swiftlets. 28673247 6 16 theme enrichment 885:894 arg1 analysis 896:903 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis 849:903 analysis 896:903 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 4 17 theme genes 670:674 arg1 total 644:648 A total 642:648 A total of 14,835 annotated genes and 428 unmapped genes 642:697 A total of 14,835 annotated genes and 428 unmapped genes were cataloged. 28673247 6 18 theme salivary 989:996 arg1 development 1004:1014 salivary gland development 989:1014 salivary gland development 989:1014 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 2 19 theme salivary 458:465 arg1 glands 467:472 the salivary glands 454:472 the salivary glands of these birds 454:487 The composition and medicinal benefits of EBN have been extensively studied, however, genomic and transcriptomic studies of the salivary glands of these birds have not been conducted. 28673247 10 20 theme candidate 2055:2063 arg1 genes 2065:2069 candidate genes 2055:2069 candidate genes that are involved in salivary gland development and in the biosynthesis of various bioactive compounds found in EBN 2055:2185 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands of different swiftlet species reveal differential expressions of candidate genes that are involved in salivary gland development and in the biosynthesis of various bioactive compounds found in EBN. 28673247 0 21 theme genes 64:68 arg1 expression 50:59 differential expression 37:59 differential expression of genes in salivary glands of edible bird's nest producing swiftlets 37:129 De novo transcriptome analysis shows differential expression of genes in salivary glands of edible bird's nest producing swiftlets. 28673247 1 22 theme valuable 288:295 arg1 by-products 304:314 the most valuable animal by-products 279:314 the most valuable animal by-products in the world 279:327 BACKGROUND Edible bird's nest (EBN), produced from solidified saliva secretions of specific swiftlet species during the breeding season, is one of the most valuable animal by-products in the world. 28673247 3 23 theme glands 573:578 arg1 transcriptomes 546:559 the transcriptomes 542:559 the transcriptomes of salivary glands from three swiftlet species (28 samples) generated by RNASeq 542:639 RESULTS The study described the transcriptomes of salivary glands from three swiftlet species (28 samples) generated by RNASeq. 28673247 5 24 theme EBN 832:834 arg1 composition 836:846 EBN composition 832:846 EBN composition 832:846 The current study investigated the genes and pathways that are associated with the development of salivary gland and EBN composition. 28673247 10 25 located found 2174:2178 arg2 compounds 2164:2172 various bioactive compounds 2146:2172 various bioactive compounds found in EBN 2146:2185 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands of different swiftlet species reveal differential expressions of candidate genes that are involved in salivary gland development and in the biosynthesis of various bioactive compounds found in EBN. 28673247 10 25 located found 2174:2178 arg1 EBN 2183:2185 EBN 2183:2185 EBN 2183:2185 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands of different swiftlet species reveal differential expressions of candidate genes that are involved in salivary gland development and in the biosynthesis of various bioactive compounds found in EBN. 28673247 10 26 theme salivary 2092:2099 arg1 development 2107:2117 salivary gland development 2092:2117 salivary gland development 2092:2117 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands of different swiftlet species reveal differential expressions of candidate genes that are involved in salivary gland development and in the biosynthesis of various bioactive compounds found in EBN. 28673247 0 27 theme salivary 73:80 arg1 glands 82:87 salivary glands 73:87 salivary glands of edible bird's nest producing swiftlets 73:129 De novo transcriptome analysis shows differential expression of genes in salivary glands of edible bird's nest producing swiftlets. 28673247 1 28 theme by-products 304:314 arg1 by-products 304:314 the most valuable animal by-products 279:314 the most valuable animal by-products in the world 279:327 BACKGROUND Edible bird's nest (EBN), produced from solidified saliva secretions of specific swiftlet species during the breeding season, is one of the most valuable animal by-products in the world. 28673247 1 28 theme by-products 304:314 arg1 one 272:274 one 272:274 one 272:274 BACKGROUND Edible bird's nest (EBN), produced from solidified saliva secretions of specific swiftlet species during the breeding season, is one of the most valuable animal by-products in the world. 28673247 6 29 theme signaling 958:966 arg1 EGFR 1029:1032 the EGFR 1025:1032 the EGFR 1025:1032 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 6 29 theme signaling 958:966 arg1 pathways 968:975 several signaling pathways 950:975 several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development 950:1014 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 6 29 theme signaling 958:966 arg1 pathways 1059:1066 MAPK signaling pathways 1044:1066 MAPK signaling pathways 1044:1066 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 6 29 theme signaling 958:966 arg1 BMP 1035:1037 BMP 1035:1037 BMP 1035:1037 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 9 30 theme N-glycan 1778:1785 arg1 trimming 1787:1794 N-glycan trimming 1778:1794 N-glycan trimming pathway 1778:1802 Furthermore, gender-based analysis revealed that N-glycan trimming pathway was significantly up-regulated in male Aerodramus fuciphagus from its natural habitat (cave) compared to their female counterpart. 28673247 0 31 from expression 50:59 arg1 glands 82:87 salivary glands 73:87 salivary glands of edible bird's nest producing swiftlets 73:129 De novo transcriptome analysis shows differential expression of genes in salivary glands of edible bird's nest producing swiftlets. 28673247 0 32 theme differential 37:48 arg1 expression 50:59 differential expression 37:59 differential expression of genes in salivary glands of edible bird's nest producing swiftlets 37:129 De novo transcriptome analysis shows differential expression of genes in salivary glands of edible bird's nest producing swiftlets. 28673247 9 33 theme gender-based 1742:1753 arg1 analysis 1755:1762 gender-based analysis 1742:1762 gender-based analysis 1742:1762 Furthermore, gender-based analysis revealed that N-glycan trimming pathway was significantly up-regulated in male Aerodramus fuciphagus from its natural habitat (cave) compared to their female counterpart. 28673247 0 34 theme De 0:1 arg1 analysis 22:29 De novo transcriptome analysis 0:29 De novo transcriptome analysis 0:29 De novo transcriptome analysis shows differential expression of genes in salivary glands of edible bird's nest producing swiftlets. 28673247 1 35 theme breeding 252:259 arg1 season 261:266 the breeding season 248:266 the breeding season 248:266 BACKGROUND Edible bird's nest (EBN), produced from solidified saliva secretions of specific swiftlet species during the breeding season, is one of the most valuable animal by-products in the world. 28673247 9 36 theme Aerodramus 1843:1852 arg1 fuciphagus 1854:1863 male Aerodramus fuciphagus 1838:1863 male Aerodramus fuciphagus from its natural habitat (cave) 1838:1895 Furthermore, gender-based analysis revealed that N-glycan trimming pathway was significantly up-regulated in male Aerodramus fuciphagus from its natural habitat (cave) compared to their female counterpart. 28673247 4 37 theme genes 693:697 arg1 total 644:648 A total 642:648 A total of 14,835 annotated genes and 428 unmapped genes 642:697 A total of 14,835 annotated genes and 428 unmapped genes were cataloged. 28673247 0 38 theme transcriptome 8:20 arg1 analysis 22:29 De novo transcriptome analysis 0:29 De novo transcriptome analysis 0:29 De novo transcriptome analysis shows differential expression of genes in salivary glands of edible bird's nest producing swiftlets. 28673247 2 39 theme transcriptomic 428:441 arg1 studies 443:449 genomic and transcriptomic studies 416:449 genomic and transcriptomic studies of the salivary glands of these birds 416:487 The composition and medicinal benefits of EBN have been extensively studied, however, genomic and transcriptomic studies of the salivary glands of these birds have not been conducted. 28673247 2 40 theme EBN 372:374 arg1 benefits 360:367 The composition and medicinal benefits 330:367 benefits 360:367 The composition and medicinal benefits of EBN have been extensively studied, however, genomic and transcriptomic studies of the salivary glands of these birds have not been conducted. 28673247 2 41 theme genomic 416:422 arg1 studies 443:449 genomic and transcriptomic studies 416:449 genomic and transcriptomic studies of the salivary glands of these birds 416:487 The composition and medicinal benefits of EBN have been extensively studied, however, genomic and transcriptomic studies of the salivary glands of these birds have not been conducted. 28673247 9 42 theme natural 1874:1880 arg1 cave 1891:1894 cave 1891:1894 cave 1891:1894 Furthermore, gender-based analysis revealed that N-glycan trimming pathway was significantly up-regulated in male Aerodramus fuciphagus from its natural habitat (cave) compared to their female counterpart. 28673247 9 42 theme natural 1874:1880 arg1 habitat 1882:1888 its natural habitat 1870:1888 its natural habitat (cave) 1870:1895 Furthermore, gender-based analysis revealed that N-glycan trimming pathway was significantly up-regulated in male Aerodramus fuciphagus from its natural habitat (cave) compared to their female counterpart. 28673247 10 43 theme differential 2027:2038 arg1 expressions 2040:2050 differential expressions 2027:2050 differential expressions of candidate genes that are involved in salivary gland development and in the biosynthesis of various bioactive compounds found in EBN 2027:2185 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands of different swiftlet species reveal differential expressions of candidate genes that are involved in salivary gland development and in the biosynthesis of various bioactive compounds found in EBN. 28673247 1 44 theme saliva 194:199 arg1 secretions 201:210 solidified saliva secretions 183:210 solidified saliva secretions of specific swiftlet species 183:239 BACKGROUND Edible bird's nest (EBN), produced from solidified saliva secretions of specific swiftlet species during the breeding season, is one of the most valuable animal by-products in the world. 28673247 3 45 dep RESULTS 514:520 arg1 described 532:540 described 532:540 described the transcriptomes of salivary glands from three swiftlet species (28 samples) generated by RNASeq 532:639 RESULTS The study described the transcriptomes of salivary glands from three swiftlet species (28 samples) generated by RNASeq. 28673247 7 46 theme non-EBN-producing 1410:1426 arg1 swiftlets 1428:1436 non-EBN-producing swiftlets 1410:1436 non-EBN-producing swiftlets 1410:1436 Furthermore, MGAT, an essential gene for the biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid), was highly expressed in both white- and black-nest swiftlets compared to non-EBN-producing swiftlets. 28673247 0 47 dep De 0:1 arg1 novo 3:6 novo 3:6 novo 3:6 De novo transcriptome analysis shows differential expression of genes in salivary glands of edible bird's nest producing swiftlets. 28673247 6 48 theme MAPK 1044:1047 arg1 pathways 968:975 several signaling pathways 950:975 several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development 950:1014 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 6 48 theme MAPK 1044:1047 arg1 pathways 1059:1066 MAPK signaling pathways 1044:1066 MAPK signaling pathways 1044:1066 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 10 49 theme various 2146:2152 arg1 compounds 2164:2172 various bioactive compounds 2146:2172 various bioactive compounds found in EBN 2146:2185 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands of different swiftlet species reveal differential expressions of candidate genes that are involved in salivary gland development and in the biosynthesis of various bioactive compounds found in EBN. 28673247 8 50 theme acid 1582:1585 arg1 synthesis 1587:1595 N-acetylneuraminic and fatty acid synthesis 1553:1595 N-acetylneuraminic and fatty acid synthesis 1553:1595 Interspecies comparison between Aerodramus fuciphagus and Aerodramus maximus indicated that the genes involved in N-acetylneuraminic and fatty acid synthesis were up-regulated in Aerodramus fuciphagus, while alanine and aspartate synthesis pathways were up-regulated in Aerodramus maximus. 28673247 1 51 theme swiftlet 224:231 arg1 species 233:239 specific swiftlet species 215:239 specific swiftlet species 215:239 BACKGROUND Edible bird's nest (EBN), produced from solidified saliva secretions of specific swiftlet species during the breeding season, is one of the most valuable animal by-products in the world. 28673247 6 52 theme Apus 1222:1225 arg1 swiftlets 1211:1219 non-EBN-producing swiftlets 1193:1219 non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis) 1193:1234 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 6 52 theme Apus 1222:1225 arg1 affinis 1227:1233 Apus affinis 1222:1233 Apus affinis 1222:1233 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 8 53 theme synthesis 1669:1677 arg1 pathways 1679:1686 alanine and aspartate synthesis pathways 1647:1686 alanine and aspartate synthesis pathways 1647:1686 Interspecies comparison between Aerodramus fuciphagus and Aerodramus maximus indicated that the genes involved in N-acetylneuraminic and fatty acid synthesis were up-regulated in Aerodramus fuciphagus, while alanine and aspartate synthesis pathways were up-regulated in Aerodramus maximus. 28673247 7 54 theme black-nest 1377:1386 arg1 swiftlets 1388:1396 both white- and black-nest swiftlets 1361:1396 both white- and black-nest swiftlets 1361:1396 Furthermore, MGAT, an essential gene for the biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid), was highly expressed in both white- and black-nest swiftlets compared to non-EBN-producing swiftlets. 28673247 9 55 theme female 1915:1920 arg1 counterpart 1922:1932 their female counterpart 1909:1932 their female counterpart 1909:1932 Furthermore, gender-based analysis revealed that N-glycan trimming pathway was significantly up-regulated in male Aerodramus fuciphagus from its natural habitat (cave) compared to their female counterpart. 28673247 7 56 theme white- 1366:1371 arg1 swiftlets 1388:1396 both white- and black-nest swiftlets 1361:1396 both white- and black-nest swiftlets 1361:1396 Furthermore, MGAT, an essential gene for the biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid), was highly expressed in both white- and black-nest swiftlets compared to non-EBN-producing swiftlets. 28673247 10 57 theme compounds 2164:2172 arg1 biosynthesis 2130:2141 the biosynthesis 2126:2141 the biosynthesis of various bioactive compounds found in EBN 2126:2185 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands of different swiftlet species reveal differential expressions of candidate genes that are involved in salivary gland development and in the biosynthesis of various bioactive compounds found in EBN. 28673247 10 58 dep CONCLUSIONS 1935:1945 arg1 analysis 1962:1969 Transcriptomic analysis 1947:1969 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands of different swiftlet species 1935:2018 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands of different swiftlet species reveal differential expressions of candidate genes that are involved in salivary gland development and in the biosynthesis of various bioactive compounds found in EBN. 28673247 10 59 theme Transcriptomic 1947:1960 arg1 analysis 1962:1969 Transcriptomic analysis 1947:1969 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands of different swiftlet species 1935:2018 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands of different swiftlet species reveal differential expressions of candidate genes that are involved in salivary gland development and in the biosynthesis of various bioactive compounds found in EBN. 28673247 5 60 theme salivary 813:820 arg1 gland 822:826 salivary gland 813:826 salivary gland 813:826 The current study investigated the genes and pathways that are associated with the development of salivary gland and EBN composition. 28673247 6 61 theme CREB3L2 938:944 arg1 expression 924:933 the expression 920:933 the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, 920:1067 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 10 62 theme different 1993:2001 arg1 species 2012:2018 different swiftlet species 1993:2018 different swiftlet species 1993:2018 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands of different swiftlet species reveal differential expressions of candidate genes that are involved in salivary gland development and in the biosynthesis of various bioactive compounds found in EBN. 28673247 0 63 from glands 82:87 arg1 expression 50:59 differential expression 37:59 differential expression of genes in salivary glands of edible bird's nest producing swiftlets 37:129 De novo transcriptome analysis shows differential expression of genes in salivary glands of edible bird's nest producing swiftlets. 28673247 9 64 from habitat 1882:1888 arg1 fuciphagus 1854:1863 male Aerodramus fuciphagus 1838:1863 male Aerodramus fuciphagus from its natural habitat (cave) 1838:1895 Furthermore, gender-based analysis revealed that N-glycan trimming pathway was significantly up-regulated in male Aerodramus fuciphagus from its natural habitat (cave) compared to their female counterpart. 28673247 6 65 dep EBN 1116:1118 arg1 fuciphagus 1132:1141 Aerodramus fuciphagus 1121:1141 Aerodramus fuciphagus 1121:1141 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 10 66 theme glands 1983:1988 arg1 analysis 1962:1969 Transcriptomic analysis 1947:1969 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands of different swiftlet species 1935:2018 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands of different swiftlet species reveal differential expressions of candidate genes that are involved in salivary gland development and in the biosynthesis of various bioactive compounds found in EBN. 28673247 7 67 theme sialic 1323:1328 arg1 acid 1317:1320 N-acetylneuraminic acid 1298:1320 N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) 1298:1334 Furthermore, MGAT, an essential gene for the biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid), was highly expressed in both white- and black-nest swiftlets compared to non-EBN-producing swiftlets. 28673247 7 67 theme sialic 1323:1328 arg1 acid 1330:1333 sialic acid 1323:1333 sialic acid 1323:1333 Furthermore, MGAT, an essential gene for the biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid), was highly expressed in both white- and black-nest swiftlets compared to non-EBN-producing swiftlets. 28673247 2 68 theme birds 483:487 arg1 glands 467:472 the salivary glands 454:472 the salivary glands of these birds 454:487 The composition and medicinal benefits of EBN have been extensively studied, however, genomic and transcriptomic studies of the salivary glands of these birds have not been conducted. 28673247 7 69 theme acid 1317:1320 arg1 biosynthesis 1282:1293 the biosynthesis 1278:1293 the biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) 1278:1334 Furthermore, MGAT, an essential gene for the biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid), was highly expressed in both white- and black-nest swiftlets compared to non-EBN-producing swiftlets. 28673247 10 70 theme species 2012:2018 arg1 analysis 1962:1969 Transcriptomic analysis 1947:1969 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands of different swiftlet species 1935:2018 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands of different swiftlet species reveal differential expressions of candidate genes that are involved in salivary gland development and in the biosynthesis of various bioactive compounds found in EBN. 28673247 6 71 theme gland 998:1002 arg1 development 1004:1014 salivary gland development 989:1014 salivary gland development 989:1014 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 6 72 theme black 1148:1152 arg1 EBN 1154:1156 black EBN 1148:1156 black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) 1148:1177 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 6 72 theme black 1148:1152 arg1 maximus 1170:1176 Aerodramus maximus 1159:1176 Aerodramus maximus 1159:1176 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 4 73 theme annotated 660:668 arg1 genes 670:674 14,835 annotated genes 653:674 14,835 annotated genes 653:674 A total of 14,835 annotated genes and 428 unmapped genes were cataloged. 28673247 10 74 theme genes 2065:2069 arg1 expressions 2040:2050 differential expressions 2027:2050 differential expressions of candidate genes that are involved in salivary gland development and in the biosynthesis of various bioactive compounds found in EBN 2027:2185 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands of different swiftlet species reveal differential expressions of candidate genes that are involved in salivary gland development and in the biosynthesis of various bioactive compounds found in EBN. 28673247 3 75 theme salivary 564:571 arg1 glands 573:578 salivary glands 564:578 salivary glands from three swiftlet species (28 samples) generated by RNASeq 564:639 RESULTS The study described the transcriptomes of salivary glands from three swiftlet species (28 samples) generated by RNASeq. 28673247 1 76 theme BACKGROUND 132:141 arg1 bird 150:153 BACKGROUND Edible bird's 132:155 BACKGROUND Edible bird's nest (EBN) 132:166 BACKGROUND Edible bird's nest (EBN), produced from solidified saliva secretions of specific swiftlet species during the breeding season, is one of the most valuable animal by-products in the world. 28673247 8 77 theme Interspecies 1439:1450 arg1 comparison 1452:1461 Interspecies comparison 1439:1461 Interspecies comparison between Aerodramus fuciphagus and Aerodramus maximus 1439:1514 Interspecies comparison between Aerodramus fuciphagus and Aerodramus maximus indicated that the genes involved in N-acetylneuraminic and fatty acid synthesis were up-regulated in Aerodramus fuciphagus, while alanine and aspartate synthesis pathways were up-regulated in Aerodramus maximus. 28673247 1 78 theme animal 297:302 arg1 by-products 304:314 the most valuable animal by-products 279:314 the most valuable animal by-products in the world 279:327 BACKGROUND Edible bird's nest (EBN), produced from solidified saliva secretions of specific swiftlet species during the breeding season, is one of the most valuable animal by-products in the world. 28673247 5 79 theme composition 836:846 arg1 development 798:808 the development 794:808 the development of salivary gland and EBN composition 794:846 The current study investigated the genes and pathways that are associated with the development of salivary gland and EBN composition. 28673247 6 80 theme pathways 968:975 arg1 expression 924:933 the expression 920:933 the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, 920:1067 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 5 81 theme current 719:725 arg1 study 727:731 The current study 715:731 The current study 715:731 The current study investigated the genes and pathways that are associated with the development of salivary gland and EBN composition. 28673247 0 82 theme edible 92:97 arg1 nest 106:109 edible bird's nest 92:109 edible bird's nest producing swiftlets 92:129 De novo transcriptome analysis shows differential expression of genes in salivary glands of edible bird's nest producing swiftlets. 28673247 6 83 theme several 950:956 arg1 EGFR 1029:1032 the EGFR 1025:1032 the EGFR 1025:1032 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 6 83 theme several 950:956 arg1 pathways 968:975 several signaling pathways 950:975 several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development 950:1014 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 6 83 theme several 950:956 arg1 pathways 1059:1066 MAPK signaling pathways 1044:1066 MAPK signaling pathways 1044:1066 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 6 83 theme several 950:956 arg1 BMP 1035:1037 BMP 1035:1037 BMP 1035:1037 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 9 84 theme trimming 1787:1794 arg1 pathway 1796:1802 N-glycan trimming pathway 1778:1802 N-glycan trimming pathway 1778:1802 Furthermore, gender-based analysis revealed that N-glycan trimming pathway was significantly up-regulated in male Aerodramus fuciphagus from its natural habitat (cave) compared to their female counterpart. 28673247 7 85 theme essential 1259:1267 arg1 MGAT 1250:1253 MGAT 1250:1253 MGAT 1250:1253 Furthermore, MGAT, an essential gene for the biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid), was highly expressed in both white- and black-nest swiftlets compared to non-EBN-producing swiftlets. 28673247 7 85 theme essential 1259:1267 arg1 gene 1269:1272 an essential gene 1256:1272 an essential gene for the biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) 1256:1334 Furthermore, MGAT, an essential gene for the biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid), was highly expressed in both white- and black-nest swiftlets compared to non-EBN-producing swiftlets. 28673247 2 86 theme glands 467:472 arg1 studies 443:449 genomic and transcriptomic studies 416:449 genomic and transcriptomic studies of the salivary glands of these birds 416:487 The composition and medicinal benefits of EBN have been extensively studied, however, genomic and transcriptomic studies of the salivary glands of these birds have not been conducted. 28673247 2 87 theme medicinal 350:358 arg1 benefits 360:367 The composition and medicinal benefits 330:367 benefits 360:367 The composition and medicinal benefits of EBN have been extensively studied, however, genomic and transcriptomic studies of the salivary glands of these birds have not been conducted. 28673247 2 88 theme composition 334:344 arg1 benefits 360:367 The composition and medicinal benefits 330:367 benefits 360:367 The composition and medicinal benefits of EBN have been extensively studied, however, genomic and transcriptomic studies of the salivary glands of these birds have not been conducted. 28673247 9 89 theme male 1838:1841 arg1 fuciphagus 1854:1863 male Aerodramus fuciphagus 1838:1863 male Aerodramus fuciphagus from its natural habitat (cave) 1838:1895 Furthermore, gender-based analysis revealed that N-glycan trimming pathway was significantly up-regulated in male Aerodramus fuciphagus from its natural habitat (cave) compared to their female counterpart. 28673247 4 90 theme unmapped 684:691 arg1 genes 693:697 428 unmapped genes 680:697 428 unmapped genes 680:697 A total of 14,835 annotated genes and 428 unmapped genes were cataloged. 28673247 3 91 from transcriptomes 546:559 arg1 species 600:606 three swiftlet species 585:606 three swiftlet species (28 samples) generated by RNASeq 585:639 RESULTS The study described the transcriptomes of salivary glands from three swiftlet species (28 samples) generated by RNASeq. 28673247 3 91 from transcriptomes 546:559 arg1 samples 612:618 28 samples 609:618 28 samples 609:618 RESULTS The study described the transcriptomes of salivary glands from three swiftlet species (28 samples) generated by RNASeq. 28673247 1 92 from by-products 304:314 arg1 world 323:327 the world 319:327 the world 319:327 BACKGROUND Edible bird's nest (EBN), produced from solidified saliva secretions of specific swiftlet species during the breeding season, is one of the most valuable animal by-products in the world. 28673247 3 93 theme swiftlet 591:598 arg1 species 600:606 three swiftlet species 585:606 three swiftlet species (28 samples) generated by RNASeq 585:639 RESULTS The study described the transcriptomes of salivary glands from three swiftlet species (28 samples) generated by RNASeq. 28673247 3 93 theme swiftlet 591:598 arg1 samples 612:618 28 samples 609:618 28 samples 609:618 RESULTS The study described the transcriptomes of salivary glands from three swiftlet species (28 samples) generated by RNASeq. 28673247 8 94 theme N-acetylneuraminic 1553:1570 arg1 acid 1582:1585 N-acetylneuraminic and fatty acid 1553:1585 acid 1582:1585 Interspecies comparison between Aerodramus fuciphagus and Aerodramus maximus indicated that the genes involved in N-acetylneuraminic and fatty acid synthesis were up-regulated in Aerodramus fuciphagus, while alanine and aspartate synthesis pathways were up-regulated in Aerodramus maximus. 28673247 6 95 theme pathway 877:883 arg1 analysis 896:903 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis 849:903 analysis 896:903 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 1 96 theme Edible 143:148 arg1 bird 150:153 BACKGROUND Edible bird's 132:155 BACKGROUND Edible bird's nest (EBN) 132:166 BACKGROUND Edible bird's nest (EBN), produced from solidified saliva secretions of specific swiftlet species during the breeding season, is one of the most valuable animal by-products in the world. 28673247 8 97 theme fatty 1576:1580 arg1 acid 1582:1585 N-acetylneuraminic and fatty acid 1553:1585 acid 1582:1585 Interspecies comparison between Aerodramus fuciphagus and Aerodramus maximus indicated that the genes involved in N-acetylneuraminic and fatty acid synthesis were up-regulated in Aerodramus fuciphagus, while alanine and aspartate synthesis pathways were up-regulated in Aerodramus maximus. 28673247 8 98 theme alanine 1647:1653 arg1 pathways 1679:1686 alanine and aspartate synthesis pathways 1647:1686 alanine and aspartate synthesis pathways 1647:1686 Interspecies comparison between Aerodramus fuciphagus and Aerodramus maximus indicated that the genes involved in N-acetylneuraminic and fatty acid synthesis were up-regulated in Aerodramus fuciphagus, while alanine and aspartate synthesis pathways were up-regulated in Aerodramus maximus. 28673247 6 99 theme signaling 1049:1057 arg1 pathways 968:975 several signaling pathways 950:975 several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development 950:1014 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 6 99 theme signaling 1049:1057 arg1 pathways 1059:1066 MAPK signaling pathways 1044:1066 MAPK signaling pathways 1044:1066 Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). 28673247 10 100 theme gland 2101:2105 arg1 development 2107:2117 salivary gland development 2092:2117 salivary gland development 2092:2117 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands of different swiftlet species reveal differential expressions of candidate genes that are involved in salivary gland development and in the biosynthesis of various bioactive compounds found in EBN. 28673247 1 101 theme specific 215:222 arg1 species 233:239 specific swiftlet species 215:239 specific swiftlet species 215:239 BACKGROUND Edible bird's nest (EBN), produced from solidified saliva secretions of specific swiftlet species during the breeding season, is one of the most valuable animal by-products in the world. 28673247 8 102 theme aspartate 1659:1667 arg1 pathways 1679:1686 alanine and aspartate synthesis pathways 1647:1686 alanine and aspartate synthesis pathways 1647:1686 Interspecies comparison between Aerodramus fuciphagus and Aerodramus maximus indicated that the genes involved in N-acetylneuraminic and fatty acid synthesis were up-regulated in Aerodramus fuciphagus, while alanine and aspartate synthesis pathways were up-regulated in Aerodramus maximus. 28673247 8 103 dep Aerodramus 1471:1480 arg1 fuciphagus 1482:1491 Aerodramus fuciphagus 1471:1491 Aerodramus fuciphagus 1471:1491 Interspecies comparison between Aerodramus fuciphagus and Aerodramus maximus indicated that the genes involved in N-acetylneuraminic and fatty acid synthesis were up-regulated in Aerodramus fuciphagus, while alanine and aspartate synthesis pathways were up-regulated in Aerodramus maximus. 28673247 8 103 dep Aerodramus 1471:1480 arg1 maximus 1508:1514 maximus 1508:1514 maximus 1508:1514 Interspecies comparison between Aerodramus fuciphagus and Aerodramus maximus indicated that the genes involved in N-acetylneuraminic and fatty acid synthesis were up-regulated in Aerodramus fuciphagus, while alanine and aspartate synthesis pathways were up-regulated in Aerodramus maximus. 28470609 1 0 link N-linked 79:86 arg1 glycoproteins 100:112 N-linked recombinant glycoproteins 79:112 N-linked recombinant glycoproteins 79:112 The production of N-linked recombinant glycoproteins is possible in a variety of biotechnology host cells, and more recently in the bacterial workhorse, Escherichia coli. 28470609 2 1 link N-linked 314:321 arg1 glycoproteins 323:335 N-linked glycoproteins 314:335 N-linked glycoproteins 314:335 This methods chapter will outline the components and procedures needed to produce N-linked glycoproteins in E. coli, utilizing Campylobacter jejuni glycosylation machinery, although other related genes can be used with minimal tweaks to this methodology. 28470609 1 2 theme host 156:159 arg1 cells 161:165 biotechnology host cells 142:165 biotechnology host cells 142:165 The production of N-linked recombinant glycoproteins is possible in a variety of biotechnology host cells, and more recently in the bacterial workhorse, Escherichia coli. 28470609 3 3 theme analysis 677:684 arg1 standard 647:654 standard 647:654 standard 647:654 To ensure a successful outcome, various methods will be highlighted that can confirm glycoprotein production to a high degree of confidence, including the gold standard of mass spectrometry analysis. 28470609 1 4 theme cells 161:165 arg1 variety 131:137 a variety 129:137 a variety of biotechnology host cells 129:165 The production of N-linked recombinant glycoproteins is possible in a variety of biotechnology host cells, and more recently in the bacterial workhorse, Escherichia coli. 28470609 1 4 theme cells 161:165 arg1 cells 161:165 biotechnology host cells 142:165 biotechnology host cells 142:165 The production of N-linked recombinant glycoproteins is possible in a variety of biotechnology host cells, and more recently in the bacterial workhorse, Escherichia coli. 28470609 0 5 from Generation 0:9 arg1 coli 55:58 E. coli 52:58 E. coli 52:58 Generation of Recombinant N-Linked Glycoproteins in E. coli. 28470609 3 6 theme various 519:525 arg1 methods 527:533 various methods 519:533 various methods 519:533 To ensure a successful outcome, various methods will be highlighted that can confirm glycoprotein production to a high degree of confidence, including the gold standard of mass spectrometry analysis. 28470609 1 7 gly glycoproteins 100:112 arg1 glycoproteins 100:112 N-linked recombinant glycoproteins 79:112 N-linked recombinant glycoproteins 79:112 The production of N-linked recombinant glycoproteins is possible in a variety of biotechnology host cells, and more recently in the bacterial workhorse, Escherichia coli. 28470609 2 8 used used 441:444 arg2 genes 428:432 other related genes 414:432 other related genes 414:432 This methods chapter will outline the components and procedures needed to produce N-linked glycoproteins in E. coli, utilizing Campylobacter jejuni glycosylation machinery, although other related genes can be used with minimal tweaks to this methodology. 28470609 1 9 from variety 131:137 arg1 production 65:74 The production 61:74 The production of N-linked recombinant glycoproteins 61:112 The production of N-linked recombinant glycoproteins is possible in a variety of biotechnology host cells, and more recently in the bacterial workhorse, Escherichia coli. 28470609 1 9 from variety 131:137 arg1 possible 117:124 possible 117:124 possible 117:124 The production of N-linked recombinant glycoproteins is possible in a variety of biotechnology host cells, and more recently in the bacterial workhorse, Escherichia coli. 28470609 1 10 theme N-linked 79:86 arg1 glycoproteins 100:112 N-linked recombinant glycoproteins 79:112 N-linked recombinant glycoproteins 79:112 The production of N-linked recombinant glycoproteins is possible in a variety of biotechnology host cells, and more recently in the bacterial workhorse, Escherichia coli. 28470609 2 11 theme glycosylation 380:392 arg1 machinery 394:402 Campylobacter jejuni glycosylation machinery 359:402 Campylobacter jejuni glycosylation machinery 359:402 This methods chapter will outline the components and procedures needed to produce N-linked glycoproteins in E. coli, utilizing Campylobacter jejuni glycosylation machinery, although other related genes can be used with minimal tweaks to this methodology. 28470609 1 12 from possible 117:124 arg1 variety 131:137 a variety 129:137 a variety of biotechnology host cells 129:165 The production of N-linked recombinant glycoproteins is possible in a variety of biotechnology host cells, and more recently in the bacterial workhorse, Escherichia coli. 28470609 1 12 from possible 117:124 arg1 cells 161:165 biotechnology host cells 142:165 biotechnology host cells 142:165 The production of N-linked recombinant glycoproteins is possible in a variety of biotechnology host cells, and more recently in the bacterial workhorse, Escherichia coli. 28470609 1 13 theme recombinant 88:98 arg1 glycoproteins 100:112 N-linked recombinant glycoproteins 79:112 N-linked recombinant glycoproteins 79:112 The production of N-linked recombinant glycoproteins is possible in a variety of biotechnology host cells, and more recently in the bacterial workhorse, Escherichia coli. 28470609 2 14 theme jejuni 373:378 arg1 machinery 394:402 Campylobacter jejuni glycosylation machinery 359:402 Campylobacter jejuni glycosylation machinery 359:402 This methods chapter will outline the components and procedures needed to produce N-linked glycoproteins in E. coli, utilizing Campylobacter jejuni glycosylation machinery, although other related genes can be used with minimal tweaks to this methodology. 28470609 0 15 theme N-Linked 26:33 arg1 Glycoproteins 35:47 Recombinant N-Linked Glycoproteins 14:47 Recombinant N-Linked Glycoproteins 14:47 Generation of Recombinant N-Linked Glycoproteins in E. coli. 28470609 3 16 theme high 601:604 arg1 degree 606:611 a high degree 599:611 a high degree 599:611 To ensure a successful outcome, various methods will be highlighted that can confirm glycoprotein production to a high degree of confidence, including the gold standard of mass spectrometry analysis. 28470609 1 17 theme glycoproteins 100:112 arg1 production 65:74 The production 61:74 The production of N-linked recombinant glycoproteins 61:112 The production of N-linked recombinant glycoproteins is possible in a variety of biotechnology host cells, and more recently in the bacterial workhorse, Escherichia coli. 28470609 1 17 theme glycoproteins 100:112 arg1 possible 117:124 possible 117:124 possible 117:124 The production of N-linked recombinant glycoproteins is possible in a variety of biotechnology host cells, and more recently in the bacterial workhorse, Escherichia coli. 28470609 0 18 theme Recombinant 14:24 arg1 Glycoproteins 35:47 Recombinant N-Linked Glycoproteins 14:47 Recombinant N-Linked Glycoproteins 14:47 Generation of Recombinant N-Linked Glycoproteins in E. coli. 28470609 3 19 theme successful 499:508 arg1 outcome 510:516 a successful outcome 497:516 a successful outcome 497:516 To ensure a successful outcome, various methods will be highlighted that can confirm glycoprotein production to a high degree of confidence, including the gold standard of mass spectrometry analysis. 28470609 2 20 theme related 420:426 arg1 genes 428:432 other related genes 414:432 other related genes 414:432 This methods chapter will outline the components and procedures needed to produce N-linked glycoproteins in E. coli, utilizing Campylobacter jejuni glycosylation machinery, although other related genes can be used with minimal tweaks to this methodology. 28470609 2 21 theme other 414:418 arg1 genes 428:432 other related genes 414:432 other related genes 414:432 This methods chapter will outline the components and procedures needed to produce N-linked glycoproteins in E. coli, utilizing Campylobacter jejuni glycosylation machinery, although other related genes can be used with minimal tweaks to this methodology. 28470609 1 22 theme bacterial 193:201 arg1 workhorse 203:211 the bacterial workhorse 189:211 the bacterial workhorse 189:211 The production of N-linked recombinant glycoproteins is possible in a variety of biotechnology host cells, and more recently in the bacterial workhorse, Escherichia coli. 28470609 0 23 theme Glycoproteins 35:47 arg1 Generation 0:9 Generation 0:9 Generation of Recombinant N-Linked Glycoproteins in E. coli. 0:59 Generation of Recombinant N-Linked Glycoproteins in E. coli. 28470609 3 24 gly glycoprotein 572:583 arg1 glycoprotein 572:583 glycoprotein production 572:594 glycoprotein production 572:594 To ensure a successful outcome, various methods will be highlighted that can confirm glycoprotein production to a high degree of confidence, including the gold standard of mass spectrometry analysis. 28470609 1 25 dep Escherichia 214:224 arg1 coli 226:229 coli 226:229 coli 226:229 The production of N-linked recombinant glycoproteins is possible in a variety of biotechnology host cells, and more recently in the bacterial workhorse, Escherichia coli. 28470609 3 26 theme glycoprotein 572:583 arg1 production 585:594 glycoprotein production 572:594 glycoprotein production 572:594 To ensure a successful outcome, various methods will be highlighted that can confirm glycoprotein production to a high degree of confidence, including the gold standard of mass spectrometry analysis. 28470609 2 27 theme minimal 451:457 arg1 tweaks 459:464 minimal tweaks 451:464 minimal tweaks to this methodology 451:484 This methods chapter will outline the components and procedures needed to produce N-linked glycoproteins in E. coli, utilizing Campylobacter jejuni glycosylation machinery, although other related genes can be used with minimal tweaks to this methodology. 28470609 3 28 theme mass 659:662 arg1 analysis 677:684 mass spectrometry analysis 659:684 mass spectrometry analysis 659:684 To ensure a successful outcome, various methods will be highlighted that can confirm glycoprotein production to a high degree of confidence, including the gold standard of mass spectrometry analysis. 28470609 3 29 theme spectrometry 664:675 arg1 analysis 677:684 mass spectrometry analysis 659:684 mass spectrometry analysis 659:684 To ensure a successful outcome, various methods will be highlighted that can confirm glycoprotein production to a high degree of confidence, including the gold standard of mass spectrometry analysis. 28470609 2 30 gly glycoproteins 323:335 arg1 glycoproteins 323:335 N-linked glycoproteins 314:335 N-linked glycoproteins 314:335 This methods chapter will outline the components and procedures needed to produce N-linked glycoproteins in E. coli, utilizing Campylobacter jejuni glycosylation machinery, although other related genes can be used with minimal tweaks to this methodology. 28470609 3 31 theme confidence 616:625 arg1 degree 606:611 a high degree 599:611 a high degree 599:611 To ensure a successful outcome, various methods will be highlighted that can confirm glycoprotein production to a high degree of confidence, including the gold standard of mass spectrometry analysis. 28470609 2 32 theme N-linked 314:321 arg1 glycoproteins 323:335 N-linked glycoproteins 314:335 N-linked glycoproteins 314:335 This methods chapter will outline the components and procedures needed to produce N-linked glycoproteins in E. coli, utilizing Campylobacter jejuni glycosylation machinery, although other related genes can be used with minimal tweaks to this methodology. 28470609 1 33 theme Escherichia 214:224 arg1 workhorse 203:211 the bacterial workhorse 189:211 the bacterial workhorse 189:211 The production of N-linked recombinant glycoproteins is possible in a variety of biotechnology host cells, and more recently in the bacterial workhorse, Escherichia coli. 28470609 2 34 theme methods 237:243 arg1 chapter 245:251 This methods chapter 232:251 This methods chapter 232:251 This methods chapter will outline the components and procedures needed to produce N-linked glycoproteins in E. coli, utilizing Campylobacter jejuni glycosylation machinery, although other related genes can be used with minimal tweaks to this methodology. 28470609 2 35 theme Campylobacter 359:371 arg1 jejuni 373:378 Campylobacter jejuni 359:378 Campylobacter jejuni glycosylation machinery 359:402 This methods chapter will outline the components and procedures needed to produce N-linked glycoproteins in E. coli, utilizing Campylobacter jejuni glycosylation machinery, although other related genes can be used with minimal tweaks to this methodology. 28470609 1 36 theme biotechnology 142:154 arg1 cells 161:165 biotechnology host cells 142:165 biotechnology host cells 142:165 The production of N-linked recombinant glycoproteins is possible in a variety of biotechnology host cells, and more recently in the bacterial workhorse, Escherichia coli. 32263729 2 0 theme microcapsules 496:508 arg1 shell 487:491 the polymer shell 475:491 the polymer shell of microcapsules 475:508 Notably, the UV- and ultrasound response was achieved by a synergetic combination of TiO2 and SiO2 nanostructures which were in situ deposited into the polymer shell of microcapsules during sol-gel synthesis. 32263729 8 1 theme healthcare 1535:1544 arg1 performance 1546:1556 their healthcare performance 1529:1556 their healthcare performance 1529:1556 This work demonstrates that our hybrid capsules possess a triple stimuli-responsive effect, which is of capital importance for the future design and application of multimodal responsive platforms to improve externally stimulated release of bioactive compounds and their healthcare performance. 32263729 4 2 theme molecule 721:728 arg1 encapsulation 730:742 small molecule encapsulation 715:742 small molecule encapsulation 715:742 Such sol-gel modification reduces the permeability of the capsule shell to allow for small molecule encapsulation. 32263729 6 3 theme release 1036:1042 arg1 mechanisms 1016:1025 different mechanisms 1006:1025 different mechanisms of cargo release 1006:1042 Upon employing different modes of treatment (UV-light, ultrasound or enzymatic degradation) we can stimulate different mechanisms of cargo release at desired times. 32263729 8 4 theme stimuli-responsive 1330:1347 arg1 effect 1349:1354 a triple stimuli-responsive effect 1321:1354 a triple stimuli-responsive effect 1321:1354 This work demonstrates that our hybrid capsules possess a triple stimuli-responsive effect, which is of capital importance for the future design and application of multimodal responsive platforms to improve externally stimulated release of bioactive compounds and their healthcare performance. 32263729 7 5 theme human 1154:1158 arg1 cells 1177:1181 human mesenchymal stem cells 1154:1181 human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 1154:1188 Importantly, such capsules have been shown to be non-cytotoxic and can be internalized into human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) revealing intracellular degradation. 32263729 7 5 theme human 1154:1158 arg1 MSCs 1184:1187 MSCs 1184:1187 MSCs 1184:1187 Importantly, such capsules have been shown to be non-cytotoxic and can be internalized into human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) revealing intracellular degradation. 32263729 1 6 theme unique 185:190 arg1 features 208:215 unique physicochemical features 185:215 unique physicochemical features enabling multimodal triggering by physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli 185:324 We designed novel hybrid inorganic/organic capsules with unique physicochemical features enabling multimodal triggering by physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli. 32263729 8 7 theme future 1396:1401 arg1 design 1403:1408 design 1403:1408 design 1403:1408 This work demonstrates that our hybrid capsules possess a triple stimuli-responsive effect, which is of capital importance for the future design and application of multimodal responsive platforms to improve externally stimulated release of bioactive compounds and their healthcare performance. 32263729 6 8 theme cargo 1030:1034 arg1 release 1036:1042 cargo release 1030:1042 cargo release 1030:1042 Upon employing different modes of treatment (UV-light, ultrasound or enzymatic degradation) we can stimulate different mechanisms of cargo release at desired times. 32263729 0 9 theme small 111:115 arg1 molecules 117:125 small molecules 111:125 small molecules 111:125 Triple-responsive inorganic-organic hybrid microcapsules as a biocompatible smart platform for the delivery of small molecules. 32263729 8 10 theme platforms 1451:1459 arg1 application 1414:1424 application 1414:1424 application 1414:1424 This work demonstrates that our hybrid capsules possess a triple stimuli-responsive effect, which is of capital importance for the future design and application of multimodal responsive platforms to improve externally stimulated release of bioactive compounds and their healthcare performance. 32263729 8 10 theme platforms 1451:1459 arg1 design 1403:1408 design 1403:1408 design 1403:1408 This work demonstrates that our hybrid capsules possess a triple stimuli-responsive effect, which is of capital importance for the future design and application of multimodal responsive platforms to improve externally stimulated release of bioactive compounds and their healthcare performance. 32263729 6 11 theme different 1006:1014 arg1 mechanisms 1016:1025 different mechanisms 1006:1025 different mechanisms of cargo release 1006:1042 Upon employing different modes of treatment (UV-light, ultrasound or enzymatic degradation) we can stimulate different mechanisms of cargo release at desired times. 32263729 4 12 theme capsule 688:694 arg1 shell 696:700 the capsule shell 684:700 the capsule shell 684:700 Such sol-gel modification reduces the permeability of the capsule shell to allow for small molecule encapsulation. 32263729 1 13 theme chemical 287:294 arg1 stimuli 318:324 physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli 251:324 physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli 251:324 We designed novel hybrid inorganic/organic capsules with unique physicochemical features enabling multimodal triggering by physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli. 32263729 7 14 theme cell 1210:1213 arg1 lines 1215:1219 cervical cancer cell lines 1194:1219 cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) 1194:1226 Importantly, such capsules have been shown to be non-cytotoxic and can be internalized into human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) revealing intracellular degradation. 32263729 7 14 theme cell 1210:1213 arg1 HeLa 1222:1225 HeLa 1222:1225 HeLa 1222:1225 Importantly, such capsules have been shown to be non-cytotoxic and can be internalized into human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) revealing intracellular degradation. 32263729 6 15 theme treatment 931:939 arg1 modes 922:926 different modes 912:926 different modes of treatment (UV-light, ultrasound or enzymatic degradation) 912:987 Upon employing different modes of treatment (UV-light, ultrasound or enzymatic degradation) we can stimulate different mechanisms of cargo release at desired times. 32263729 1 16 with capsules 171:178 arg1 features 208:215 unique physicochemical features 185:215 unique physicochemical features enabling multimodal triggering by physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli 185:324 We designed novel hybrid inorganic/organic capsules with unique physicochemical features enabling multimodal triggering by physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli. 32263729 1 17 theme hybrid 146:151 arg1 capsules 171:178 novel hybrid inorganic/organic capsules 140:178 novel hybrid inorganic/organic capsules with unique physicochemical features enabling multimodal triggering by physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli 140:324 We designed novel hybrid inorganic/organic capsules with unique physicochemical features enabling multimodal triggering by physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli. 32263729 4 18 theme small 715:719 arg1 encapsulation 730:742 small molecule encapsulation 715:742 small molecule encapsulation 715:742 Such sol-gel modification reduces the permeability of the capsule shell to allow for small molecule encapsulation. 32263729 8 19 theme compounds 1515:1523 arg1 release 1494:1500 externally stimulated release 1472:1500 externally stimulated release of bioactive compounds 1472:1523 This work demonstrates that our hybrid capsules possess a triple stimuli-responsive effect, which is of capital importance for the future design and application of multimodal responsive platforms to improve externally stimulated release of bioactive compounds and their healthcare performance. 32263729 8 19 theme compounds 1515:1523 arg1 performance 1546:1556 their healthcare performance 1529:1556 their healthcare performance 1529:1556 This work demonstrates that our hybrid capsules possess a triple stimuli-responsive effect, which is of capital importance for the future design and application of multimodal responsive platforms to improve externally stimulated release of bioactive compounds and their healthcare performance. 32263729 1 20 theme physicochemical 192:206 arg1 features 208:215 unique physicochemical features 185:215 unique physicochemical features enabling multimodal triggering by physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli 185:324 We designed novel hybrid inorganic/organic capsules with unique physicochemical features enabling multimodal triggering by physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli. 32263729 0 21 theme molecules 117:125 arg1 delivery 99:106 the delivery 95:106 the delivery of small molecules 95:125 Triple-responsive inorganic-organic hybrid microcapsules as a biocompatible smart platform for the delivery of small molecules. 32263729 8 22 theme capital 1369:1375 arg1 importance 1377:1386 capital importance 1369:1386 capital importance 1369:1386 This work demonstrates that our hybrid capsules possess a triple stimuli-responsive effect, which is of capital importance for the future design and application of multimodal responsive platforms to improve externally stimulated release of bioactive compounds and their healthcare performance. 32263729 7 23 theme mesenchymal 1160:1170 arg1 cells 1177:1181 human mesenchymal stem cells 1154:1181 human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 1154:1188 Importantly, such capsules have been shown to be non-cytotoxic and can be internalized into human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) revealing intracellular degradation. 32263729 7 23 theme mesenchymal 1160:1170 arg1 MSCs 1184:1187 MSCs 1184:1187 MSCs 1184:1187 Importantly, such capsules have been shown to be non-cytotoxic and can be internalized into human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) revealing intracellular degradation. 32263729 7 24 theme cervical 1194:1201 arg1 lines 1215:1219 cervical cancer cell lines 1194:1219 cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) 1194:1226 Importantly, such capsules have been shown to be non-cytotoxic and can be internalized into human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) revealing intracellular degradation. 32263729 7 24 theme cervical 1194:1201 arg1 HeLa 1222:1225 HeLa 1222:1225 HeLa 1222:1225 Importantly, such capsules have been shown to be non-cytotoxic and can be internalized into human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) revealing intracellular degradation. 32263729 8 25 theme bioactive 1505:1513 arg1 compounds 1515:1523 bioactive compounds 1505:1523 bioactive compounds 1505:1523 This work demonstrates that our hybrid capsules possess a triple stimuli-responsive effect, which is of capital importance for the future design and application of multimodal responsive platforms to improve externally stimulated release of bioactive compounds and their healthcare performance. 32263729 7 26 theme cancer 1203:1208 arg1 lines 1215:1219 cervical cancer cell lines 1194:1219 cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) 1194:1226 Importantly, such capsules have been shown to be non-cytotoxic and can be internalized into human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) revealing intracellular degradation. 32263729 7 26 theme cancer 1203:1208 arg1 HeLa 1222:1225 HeLa 1222:1225 HeLa 1222:1225 Importantly, such capsules have been shown to be non-cytotoxic and can be internalized into human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) revealing intracellular degradation. 32263729 0 27 theme inorganic-organic 18:34 arg1 hybrid 36:41 Triple-responsive inorganic-organic hybrid 0:41 Triple-responsive inorganic-organic hybrid 0:41 Triple-responsive inorganic-organic hybrid microcapsules as a biocompatible smart platform for the delivery of small molecules. 32263729 6 28 theme different 912:920 arg1 modes 922:926 different modes 912:926 different modes of treatment (UV-light, ultrasound or enzymatic degradation) 912:987 Upon employing different modes of treatment (UV-light, ultrasound or enzymatic degradation) we can stimulate different mechanisms of cargo release at desired times. 32263729 5 29 theme hybrid 769:774 arg1 capsules 776:783 these hybrid capsules 763:783 these hybrid capsules 763:783 At the same time, these hybrid capsules consist of degradable polypeptides and polysaccharides and can be decomposed in response to enzymatic reaction. 32263729 3 30 theme hybrid 581:586 arg1 shell 588:592 a composite hybrid shell 569:592 a composite hybrid shell with enhanced mechanical stability 569:627 This results in the formation of a composite hybrid shell with enhanced mechanical stability. 32263729 0 31 theme Triple-responsive 0:16 arg1 hybrid 36:41 Triple-responsive inorganic-organic hybrid 0:41 Triple-responsive inorganic-organic hybrid 0:41 Triple-responsive inorganic-organic hybrid microcapsules as a biocompatible smart platform for the delivery of small molecules. 32263729 1 32 theme enzymatic 297:305 arg1 treatment 307:315 enzymatic treatment 297:315 enzymatic treatment 297:315 We designed novel hybrid inorganic/organic capsules with unique physicochemical features enabling multimodal triggering by physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli. 32263729 2 33 dep UV- 340:342 arg1 the 336:338 the 336:338 the 336:338 Notably, the UV- and ultrasound response was achieved by a synergetic combination of TiO2 and SiO2 nanostructures which were in situ deposited into the polymer shell of microcapsules during sol-gel synthesis. 32263729 1 34 theme multimodal 226:235 arg1 triggering 237:246 multimodal triggering 226:246 multimodal triggering by physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli 226:324 We designed novel hybrid inorganic/organic capsules with unique physicochemical features enabling multimodal triggering by physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli. 32263729 8 35 theme multimodal 1429:1438 arg1 platforms 1451:1459 multimodal responsive platforms 1429:1459 multimodal responsive platforms 1429:1459 This work demonstrates that our hybrid capsules possess a triple stimuli-responsive effect, which is of capital importance for the future design and application of multimodal responsive platforms to improve externally stimulated release of bioactive compounds and their healthcare performance. 32263729 3 36 theme shell 588:592 arg1 formation 556:564 the formation 552:564 the formation of a composite hybrid shell with enhanced mechanical stability 552:627 This results in the formation of a composite hybrid shell with enhanced mechanical stability. 32263729 8 37 theme stimulated 1483:1492 arg1 release 1494:1500 externally stimulated release 1472:1500 externally stimulated release of bioactive compounds 1472:1523 This work demonstrates that our hybrid capsules possess a triple stimuli-responsive effect, which is of capital importance for the future design and application of multimodal responsive platforms to improve externally stimulated release of bioactive compounds and their healthcare performance. 32263729 3 38 theme composite 571:579 arg1 shell 588:592 a composite hybrid shell 569:592 a composite hybrid shell with enhanced mechanical stability 569:627 This results in the formation of a composite hybrid shell with enhanced mechanical stability. 32263729 2 39 theme nanostructures 426:439 arg1 combination 397:407 a synergetic combination 384:407 a synergetic combination of TiO2 and SiO2 nanostructures which were in situ deposited into the polymer shell of microcapsules during sol-gel synthesis 384:533 Notably, the UV- and ultrasound response was achieved by a synergetic combination of TiO2 and SiO2 nanostructures which were in situ deposited into the polymer shell of microcapsules during sol-gel synthesis. 32263729 5 40 theme degradable 796:805 arg1 polypeptides 807:818 degradable polypeptides 796:818 degradable polypeptides 796:818 At the same time, these hybrid capsules consist of degradable polypeptides and polysaccharides and can be decomposed in response to enzymatic reaction. 32263729 1 41 theme physical 251:258 arg1 stimuli 318:324 physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli 251:324 physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli 251:324 We designed novel hybrid inorganic/organic capsules with unique physicochemical features enabling multimodal triggering by physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli. 32263729 3 42 theme mechanical 608:617 arg1 stability 619:627 enhanced mechanical stability 599:627 enhanced mechanical stability 599:627 This results in the formation of a composite hybrid shell with enhanced mechanical stability. 32263729 2 43 theme synergetic 386:395 arg1 combination 397:407 a synergetic combination 384:407 a synergetic combination of TiO2 and SiO2 nanostructures which were in situ deposited into the polymer shell of microcapsules during sol-gel synthesis 384:533 Notably, the UV- and ultrasound response was achieved by a synergetic combination of TiO2 and SiO2 nanostructures which were in situ deposited into the polymer shell of microcapsules during sol-gel synthesis. 32263729 2 44 theme SiO2 421:424 arg1 nanostructures 426:439 TiO2 and SiO2 nanostructures 412:439 TiO2 and SiO2 nanostructures which were in situ deposited into the polymer shell of microcapsules during sol-gel synthesis 412:533 Notably, the UV- and ultrasound response was achieved by a synergetic combination of TiO2 and SiO2 nanostructures which were in situ deposited into the polymer shell of microcapsules during sol-gel synthesis. 32263729 2 45 theme TiO2 412:415 arg1 nanostructures 426:439 TiO2 and SiO2 nanostructures 412:439 TiO2 and SiO2 nanostructures which were in situ deposited into the polymer shell of microcapsules during sol-gel synthesis 412:533 Notably, the UV- and ultrasound response was achieved by a synergetic combination of TiO2 and SiO2 nanostructures which were in situ deposited into the polymer shell of microcapsules during sol-gel synthesis. 32263729 2 46 theme polymer 479:485 arg1 shell 487:491 the polymer shell 475:491 the polymer shell of microcapsules 475:508 Notably, the UV- and ultrasound response was achieved by a synergetic combination of TiO2 and SiO2 nanostructures which were in situ deposited into the polymer shell of microcapsules during sol-gel synthesis. 32263729 8 47 theme hybrid 1297:1302 arg1 capsules 1304:1311 our hybrid capsules 1293:1311 our hybrid capsules 1293:1311 This work demonstrates that our hybrid capsules possess a triple stimuli-responsive effect, which is of capital importance for the future design and application of multimodal responsive platforms to improve externally stimulated release of bioactive compounds and their healthcare performance. 32263729 6 48 dep treatment 931:939 arg1 degradation 976:986 enzymatic degradation 966:986 enzymatic degradation 966:986 Upon employing different modes of treatment (UV-light, ultrasound or enzymatic degradation) we can stimulate different mechanisms of cargo release at desired times. 32263729 6 48 dep treatment 931:939 arg1 UV-light 942:949 UV-light 942:949 UV-light 942:949 Upon employing different modes of treatment (UV-light, ultrasound or enzymatic degradation) we can stimulate different mechanisms of cargo release at desired times. 32263729 6 48 dep treatment 931:939 arg1 ultrasound 952:961 ultrasound 952:961 ultrasound 952:961 Upon employing different modes of treatment (UV-light, ultrasound or enzymatic degradation) we can stimulate different mechanisms of cargo release at desired times. 32263729 5 49 theme enzymatic 877:885 arg1 reaction 887:894 enzymatic reaction 877:894 enzymatic reaction 877:894 At the same time, these hybrid capsules consist of degradable polypeptides and polysaccharides and can be decomposed in response to enzymatic reaction. 32263729 0 50 theme smart 76:80 arg1 platform 82:89 a biocompatible smart platform 60:89 a biocompatible smart platform for the delivery of small molecules 60:125 Triple-responsive inorganic-organic hybrid microcapsules as a biocompatible smart platform for the delivery of small molecules. 32263729 5 51 theme same 752:755 arg1 time 757:760 the same time 748:760 the same time 748:760 At the same time, these hybrid capsules consist of degradable polypeptides and polysaccharides and can be decomposed in response to enzymatic reaction. 32263729 7 52 theme such 1075:1078 arg1 capsules 1080:1087 such capsules 1075:1087 such capsules 1075:1087 Importantly, such capsules have been shown to be non-cytotoxic and can be internalized into human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) revealing intracellular degradation. 32263729 5 53 dep reaction 887:894 arg1 response 865:872 response 865:872 response 865:872 At the same time, these hybrid capsules consist of degradable polypeptides and polysaccharides and can be decomposed in response to enzymatic reaction. 32263729 0 54 theme biocompatible 62:74 arg1 platform 82:89 a biocompatible smart platform 60:89 a biocompatible smart platform for the delivery of small molecules 60:125 Triple-responsive inorganic-organic hybrid microcapsules as a biocompatible smart platform for the delivery of small molecules. 32263729 6 55 theme enzymatic 966:974 arg1 degradation 976:986 enzymatic degradation 966:986 enzymatic degradation 966:986 Upon employing different modes of treatment (UV-light, ultrasound or enzymatic degradation) we can stimulate different mechanisms of cargo release at desired times. 32263729 1 56 dep chemical 287:294 arg1 treatment 307:315 enzymatic treatment 297:315 enzymatic treatment 297:315 We designed novel hybrid inorganic/organic capsules with unique physicochemical features enabling multimodal triggering by physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli. 32263729 3 57 theme enhanced 599:606 arg1 stability 619:627 enhanced mechanical stability 599:627 enhanced mechanical stability 599:627 This results in the formation of a composite hybrid shell with enhanced mechanical stability. 32263729 2 58 theme ultrasound 348:357 arg1 response 359:366 the UV- and ultrasound response 336:366 the UV- and ultrasound response 336:366 Notably, the UV- and ultrasound response was achieved by a synergetic combination of TiO2 and SiO2 nanostructures which were in situ deposited into the polymer shell of microcapsules during sol-gel synthesis. 32263729 7 59 theme stem 1172:1175 arg1 cells 1177:1181 human mesenchymal stem cells 1154:1181 human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 1154:1188 Importantly, such capsules have been shown to be non-cytotoxic and can be internalized into human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) revealing intracellular degradation. 32263729 7 59 theme stem 1172:1175 arg1 MSCs 1184:1187 MSCs 1184:1187 MSCs 1184:1187 Importantly, such capsules have been shown to be non-cytotoxic and can be internalized into human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) revealing intracellular degradation. 32263729 4 60 theme shell 696:700 arg1 permeability 668:679 the permeability 664:679 the permeability of the capsule shell to allow for small molecule encapsulation 664:742 Such sol-gel modification reduces the permeability of the capsule shell to allow for small molecule encapsulation. 32263729 1 61 dep physical 251:258 arg1 ultrasound 271:280 ultrasound 271:280 ultrasound 271:280 We designed novel hybrid inorganic/organic capsules with unique physicochemical features enabling multimodal triggering by physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli. 32263729 1 61 dep physical 251:258 arg1 light 264:268 UV light 261:268 UV light 261:268 We designed novel hybrid inorganic/organic capsules with unique physicochemical features enabling multimodal triggering by physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli. 32263729 1 62 theme novel 140:144 arg1 capsules 171:178 novel hybrid inorganic/organic capsules 140:178 novel hybrid inorganic/organic capsules with unique physicochemical features enabling multimodal triggering by physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli 140:324 We designed novel hybrid inorganic/organic capsules with unique physicochemical features enabling multimodal triggering by physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli. 32263729 1 63 theme UV 261:262 arg1 ultrasound 271:280 ultrasound 271:280 ultrasound 271:280 We designed novel hybrid inorganic/organic capsules with unique physicochemical features enabling multimodal triggering by physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli. 32263729 1 63 theme UV 261:262 arg1 light 264:268 UV light 261:268 UV light 261:268 We designed novel hybrid inorganic/organic capsules with unique physicochemical features enabling multimodal triggering by physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli. 32263729 8 64 contain possess 1313:1319 arg1 capsules 1304:1311 our hybrid capsules 1293:1311 our hybrid capsules 1293:1311 This work demonstrates that our hybrid capsules possess a triple stimuli-responsive effect, which is of capital importance for the future design and application of multimodal responsive platforms to improve externally stimulated release of bioactive compounds and their healthcare performance. 32263729 8 64 contain possess 1313:1319 arg2 effect 1349:1354 a triple stimuli-responsive effect 1321:1354 a triple stimuli-responsive effect 1321:1354 This work demonstrates that our hybrid capsules possess a triple stimuli-responsive effect, which is of capital importance for the future design and application of multimodal responsive platforms to improve externally stimulated release of bioactive compounds and their healthcare performance. 32263729 8 65 theme responsive 1440:1449 arg1 platforms 1451:1459 multimodal responsive platforms 1429:1459 multimodal responsive platforms 1429:1459 This work demonstrates that our hybrid capsules possess a triple stimuli-responsive effect, which is of capital importance for the future design and application of multimodal responsive platforms to improve externally stimulated release of bioactive compounds and their healthcare performance. 32263729 2 66 theme UV- 340:342 arg1 response 359:366 the UV- and ultrasound response 336:366 the UV- and ultrasound response 336:366 Notably, the UV- and ultrasound response was achieved by a synergetic combination of TiO2 and SiO2 nanostructures which were in situ deposited into the polymer shell of microcapsules during sol-gel synthesis. 32263729 8 67 theme triple 1323:1328 arg1 effect 1349:1354 a triple stimuli-responsive effect 1321:1354 a triple stimuli-responsive effect 1321:1354 This work demonstrates that our hybrid capsules possess a triple stimuli-responsive effect, which is of capital importance for the future design and application of multimodal responsive platforms to improve externally stimulated release of bioactive compounds and their healthcare performance. 32263729 2 68 theme sol-gel 517:523 arg1 synthesis 525:533 sol-gel synthesis 517:533 sol-gel synthesis 517:533 Notably, the UV- and ultrasound response was achieved by a synergetic combination of TiO2 and SiO2 nanostructures which were in situ deposited into the polymer shell of microcapsules during sol-gel synthesis. 32263729 1 69 theme inorganic/organic 153:169 arg1 capsules 171:178 novel hybrid inorganic/organic capsules 140:178 novel hybrid inorganic/organic capsules with unique physicochemical features enabling multimodal triggering by physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli 140:324 We designed novel hybrid inorganic/organic capsules with unique physicochemical features enabling multimodal triggering by physical (UV light, ultrasound) and chemical (enzymatic treatment) stimuli. 32263729 6 70 theme desired 1047:1053 arg1 times 1055:1059 desired times 1047:1059 desired times 1047:1059 Upon employing different modes of treatment (UV-light, ultrasound or enzymatic degradation) we can stimulate different mechanisms of cargo release at desired times. 32263729 7 71 theme intracellular 1238:1250 arg1 degradation 1252:1262 intracellular degradation 1238:1262 intracellular degradation 1238:1262 Importantly, such capsules have been shown to be non-cytotoxic and can be internalized into human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) revealing intracellular degradation. 32263729 8 72 dep design 1403:1408 arg1 the 1392:1394 the 1392:1394 the 1392:1394 This work demonstrates that our hybrid capsules possess a triple stimuli-responsive effect, which is of capital importance for the future design and application of multimodal responsive platforms to improve externally stimulated release of bioactive compounds and their healthcare performance. 32263729 3 73 with shell 588:592 arg1 stability 619:627 enhanced mechanical stability 599:627 enhanced mechanical stability 599:627 This results in the formation of a composite hybrid shell with enhanced mechanical stability. 32263729 4 74 theme Such 630:633 arg1 modification 643:654 Such sol-gel modification 630:654 Such sol-gel modification 630:654 Such sol-gel modification reduces the permeability of the capsule shell to allow for small molecule encapsulation. 32263729 4 75 theme sol-gel 635:641 arg1 modification 643:654 Such sol-gel modification 630:654 Such sol-gel modification 630:654 Such sol-gel modification reduces the permeability of the capsule shell to allow for small molecule encapsulation. 24861899 3 0 theme egg 448:450 arg1 RBL 452:454 catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL 423:454 catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL composed of three domains 423:480 SAL, catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL composed of three domains, binds to Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells through globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) carbohydrate chain and to reduce cell size and growth by altering membrane composition without causing cell death. 24861899 3 0 theme egg 448:450 arg1 SAL 418:420 SAL 418:420 SAL 418:420 SAL, catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL composed of three domains, binds to Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells through globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) carbohydrate chain and to reduce cell size and growth by altering membrane composition without causing cell death. 24861899 7 1 theme OLL 1106:1108 arg1 bindings 1094:1101 the direct bindings 1083:1101 the direct bindings of OLL and SAL to Raji cells 1083:1130 In addition, the direct bindings of OLL and SAL to Raji cells were comparably inhibited by melibiose, but lactose was more effective inhibitor for the binding of OLL than that of SAL. 24861899 0 2 from profiles 8:15 arg1 cells 107:111 Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells 83:111 Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells 83:111 Binding profiles and cytokine-inducing effects of fish rhamnose-binding lectins on Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells. 24861899 5 3 theme cell 963:966 arg1 viability 968:976 cell viability 963:976 cell viability 963:976 Flow cytometric and fluorescence microscopic analyses revealed that OLL also directly bound to and shrunk Raji cells with ten times less reactivity than SAL but reduced cell growth with decreasing cell viability. 24861899 7 4 theme Raji 1121:1124 arg1 cells 1126:1130 Raji cells 1121:1130 Raji cells 1121:1130 In addition, the direct bindings of OLL and SAL to Raji cells were comparably inhibited by melibiose, but lactose was more effective inhibitor for the binding of OLL than that of SAL. 24861899 1 5 theme fish 233:236 arg1 responses 220:228 the innate immune responses 202:228 the innate immune responses of fish 202:236 Rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) is one of the animal lectin categories which take part in the innate immune responses of fish. 24861899 0 6 theme Raji 102:105 arg1 cells 107:111 Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells 83:111 Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells 83:111 Binding profiles and cytokine-inducing effects of fish rhamnose-binding lectins on Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells. 24861899 7 7 theme OLL 1232:1234 arg1 binding 1221:1227 the binding 1217:1227 the binding of OLL 1217:1234 In addition, the direct bindings of OLL and SAL to Raji cells were comparably inhibited by melibiose, but lactose was more effective inhibitor for the binding of OLL than that of SAL. 24861899 2 8 from eggs 292:295 arg1 OLL 267:269 OLL 267:269 OLL 267:269 Osmerus lanceolatus lectin (OLL) from shishamo smelt eggs is an RBL composed of two tandem-repeated domains, both of which are considered to be a carbohydrate-recognition domain. 24861899 2 8 from eggs 292:295 arg1 RBL 303:305 an RBL 300:305 an RBL composed of two tandem-repeated domains, both of which are considered to be a carbohydrate-recognition domain 300:415 Osmerus lanceolatus lectin (OLL) from shishamo smelt eggs is an RBL composed of two tandem-repeated domains, both of which are considered to be a carbohydrate-recognition domain. 24861899 2 8 from eggs 292:295 arg1 lectin 259:264 Osmerus lanceolatus lectin 239:264 Osmerus lanceolatus lectin (OLL) from shishamo smelt eggs 239:295 Osmerus lanceolatus lectin (OLL) from shishamo smelt eggs is an RBL composed of two tandem-repeated domains, both of which are considered to be a carbohydrate-recognition domain. 24861899 9 9 theme quantitative 1452:1463 arg1 analysis 1472:1479 The quantitative RT-PCR analysis 1448:1479 The quantitative RT-PCR analysis 1448:1479 The quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that SAL induced the expression of TNF-α but not of IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-10. 24861899 0 10 theme lymphoma 93:100 arg1 cells 107:111 Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells 83:111 Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells 83:111 Binding profiles and cytokine-inducing effects of fish rhamnose-binding lectins on Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells. 24861899 3 11 theme cell 661:664 arg1 death 666:670 cell death 661:670 cell death 661:670 SAL, catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL composed of three domains, binds to Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells through globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) carbohydrate chain and to reduce cell size and growth by altering membrane composition without causing cell death. 24861899 10 12 theme Raji 1606:1609 arg1 cells 1611:1615 Raji cells 1606:1615 Raji cells 1606:1615 Thus, SAL-induced cytostatic effect on Raji cells might be partially caused by TNF-α-mediated signaling pathway. 24861899 0 13 theme Binding 0:6 arg1 profiles 8:15 Binding profiles 0:15 Binding profiles 0:15 Binding profiles and cytokine-inducing effects of fish rhamnose-binding lectins on Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells. 24861899 6 14 theme SAL 1031:1033 arg1 binding 1020:1026 the binding 1016:1026 the binding of SAL to Raji cells but not that of OLL 1016:1067 Anti-Gb3 antibody completely blocked the binding of SAL to Raji cells but not that of OLL. 24861899 3 15 theme asotus 440:445 arg1 RBL 452:454 catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL 423:454 catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL composed of three domains 423:480 SAL, catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL composed of three domains, binds to Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells through globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) carbohydrate chain and to reduce cell size and growth by altering membrane composition without causing cell death. 24861899 3 15 theme asotus 440:445 arg1 SAL 418:420 SAL 418:420 SAL 418:420 SAL, catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL composed of three domains, binds to Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells through globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) carbohydrate chain and to reduce cell size and growth by altering membrane composition without causing cell death. 24861899 4 16 theme Raji 754:757 arg1 cells 759:763 Raji cells 754:763 Raji cells 754:763 In this experiment, we tried to compare the binding effects of these two RBLs on Raji cells. 24861899 5 17 theme ten 888:890 arg1 times 892:896 times 892:896 times 892:896 Flow cytometric and fluorescence microscopic analyses revealed that OLL also directly bound to and shrunk Raji cells with ten times less reactivity than SAL but reduced cell growth with decreasing cell viability. 24861899 6 18 theme Anti-Gb3 979:986 arg1 antibody 988:995 Anti-Gb3 antibody 979:995 Anti-Gb3 antibody 979:995 Anti-Gb3 antibody completely blocked the binding of SAL to Raji cells but not that of OLL. 24861899 9 19 theme IFN-γ 1542:1546 arg1 expression 1511:1520 the expression 1507:1520 the expression of TNF-α but not of IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-10 1507:1564 The quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that SAL induced the expression of TNF-α but not of IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-10. 24861899 2 20 theme lanceolatus 247:257 arg1 OLL 267:269 OLL 267:269 OLL 267:269 Osmerus lanceolatus lectin (OLL) from shishamo smelt eggs is an RBL composed of two tandem-repeated domains, both of which are considered to be a carbohydrate-recognition domain. 24861899 2 20 theme lanceolatus 247:257 arg1 RBL 303:305 an RBL 300:305 an RBL composed of two tandem-repeated domains, both of which are considered to be a carbohydrate-recognition domain 300:415 Osmerus lanceolatus lectin (OLL) from shishamo smelt eggs is an RBL composed of two tandem-repeated domains, both of which are considered to be a carbohydrate-recognition domain. 24861899 2 20 theme lanceolatus 247:257 arg1 lectin 259:264 Osmerus lanceolatus lectin 239:264 Osmerus lanceolatus lectin (OLL) from shishamo smelt eggs 239:295 Osmerus lanceolatus lectin (OLL) from shishamo smelt eggs is an RBL composed of two tandem-repeated domains, both of which are considered to be a carbohydrate-recognition domain. 24861899 1 21 theme animal 158:163 arg1 categories 172:181 the animal lectin categories 154:181 the animal lectin categories 154:181 Rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) is one of the animal lectin categories which take part in the innate immune responses of fish. 24861899 8 22 contain has 1285:1287 arg1 OLL 1281:1283 OLL 1281:1283 OLL 1281:1283 These results suggest that OLL has slightly different cell-binding property compared with SAL and binds not only to Gb3 but also to the other carbohydrate receptor-bearing β-galactoside chains. 24861899 8 22 contain has 1285:1287 arg2 property 1321:1328 slightly different cell-binding property 1289:1328 slightly different cell-binding property 1289:1328 These results suggest that OLL has slightly different cell-binding property compared with SAL and binds not only to Gb3 but also to the other carbohydrate receptor-bearing β-galactoside chains. 24861899 0 23 from effects 39:45 arg1 cells 107:111 Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells 83:111 Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells 83:111 Binding profiles and cytokine-inducing effects of fish rhamnose-binding lectins on Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells. 24861899 9 24 theme TNF-α 1525:1529 arg1 expression 1511:1520 the expression 1507:1520 the expression of TNF-α but not of IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-10 1507:1564 The quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that SAL induced the expression of TNF-α but not of IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-10. 24861899 2 25 theme smelt 286:290 arg1 eggs 292:295 shishamo smelt eggs 277:295 shishamo smelt eggs 277:295 Osmerus lanceolatus lectin (OLL) from shishamo smelt eggs is an RBL composed of two tandem-repeated domains, both of which are considered to be a carbohydrate-recognition domain. 24861899 1 26 theme lectin 165:170 arg1 categories 172:181 the animal lectin categories 154:181 the animal lectin categories 154:181 Rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) is one of the animal lectin categories which take part in the innate immune responses of fish. 24861899 2 27 theme carbohydrate-recognition 385:408 arg1 both 348:351 both 348:351 both 348:351 Osmerus lanceolatus lectin (OLL) from shishamo smelt eggs is an RBL composed of two tandem-repeated domains, both of which are considered to be a carbohydrate-recognition domain. 24861899 2 27 theme carbohydrate-recognition 385:408 arg1 domains 339:345 two tandem-repeated domains 319:345 two tandem-repeated domains 319:345 Osmerus lanceolatus lectin (OLL) from shishamo smelt eggs is an RBL composed of two tandem-repeated domains, both of which are considered to be a carbohydrate-recognition domain. 24861899 2 27 theme carbohydrate-recognition 385:408 arg1 domain 410:415 a carbohydrate-recognition domain 383:415 a carbohydrate-recognition domain 383:415 Osmerus lanceolatus lectin (OLL) from shishamo smelt eggs is an RBL composed of two tandem-repeated domains, both of which are considered to be a carbohydrate-recognition domain. 24861899 8 28 theme carbohydrate 1396:1407 arg1 chains 1440:1445 the other carbohydrate receptor-bearing β-galactoside chains 1386:1445 the other carbohydrate receptor-bearing β-galactoside chains 1386:1445 These results suggest that OLL has slightly different cell-binding property compared with SAL and binds not only to Gb3 but also to the other carbohydrate receptor-bearing β-galactoside chains. 24861899 9 29 theme IL-1β 1549:1553 arg1 expression 1511:1520 the expression 1507:1520 the expression of TNF-α but not of IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-10 1507:1564 The quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that SAL induced the expression of TNF-α but not of IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-10. 24861899 2 30 theme shishamo 277:284 arg1 eggs 292:295 shishamo smelt eggs 277:295 shishamo smelt eggs 277:295 Osmerus lanceolatus lectin (OLL) from shishamo smelt eggs is an RBL composed of two tandem-repeated domains, both of which are considered to be a carbohydrate-recognition domain. 24861899 1 31 theme categories 172:181 arg1 categories 172:181 the animal lectin categories 154:181 the animal lectin categories 154:181 Rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) is one of the animal lectin categories which take part in the innate immune responses of fish. 24861899 1 31 theme categories 172:181 arg1 one 147:149 one 147:149 one 147:149 Rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) is one of the animal lectin categories which take part in the innate immune responses of fish. 24861899 0 32 theme cytokine-inducing 21:37 arg1 effects 39:45 cytokine-inducing effects 21:45 cytokine-inducing effects of fish rhamnose-binding lectins on Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells 21:111 Binding profiles and cytokine-inducing effects of fish rhamnose-binding lectins on Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells. 24861899 8 33 theme other 1390:1394 arg1 chains 1440:1445 the other carbohydrate receptor-bearing β-galactoside chains 1386:1445 the other carbohydrate receptor-bearing β-galactoside chains 1386:1445 These results suggest that OLL has slightly different cell-binding property compared with SAL and binds not only to Gb3 but also to the other carbohydrate receptor-bearing β-galactoside chains. 24861899 10 34 theme SAL-induced 1573:1583 arg1 effect 1596:1601 SAL-induced cytostatic effect 1573:1601 SAL-induced cytostatic effect on Raji cells 1573:1615 Thus, SAL-induced cytostatic effect on Raji cells might be partially caused by TNF-α-mediated signaling pathway. 24861899 4 35 theme RBLs 746:749 arg1 effects 725:731 the binding effects 713:731 the binding effects of these two RBLs on Raji cells 713:763 In this experiment, we tried to compare the binding effects of these two RBLs on Raji cells. 24861899 3 36 theme lymphoma 502:509 arg1 cells 516:520 Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells 492:520 Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells 492:520 SAL, catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL composed of three domains, binds to Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells through globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) carbohydrate chain and to reduce cell size and growth by altering membrane composition without causing cell death. 24861899 8 37 theme β-galactoside 1426:1438 arg1 chains 1440:1445 the other carbohydrate receptor-bearing β-galactoside chains 1386:1445 the other carbohydrate receptor-bearing β-galactoside chains 1386:1445 These results suggest that OLL has slightly different cell-binding property compared with SAL and binds not only to Gb3 but also to the other carbohydrate receptor-bearing β-galactoside chains. 24861899 10 38 theme cytostatic 1585:1594 arg1 effect 1596:1601 SAL-induced cytostatic effect 1573:1601 SAL-induced cytostatic effect on Raji cells 1573:1615 Thus, SAL-induced cytostatic effect on Raji cells might be partially caused by TNF-α-mediated signaling pathway. 24861899 8 39 theme cell-binding 1308:1319 arg1 property 1321:1328 slightly different cell-binding property 1289:1328 slightly different cell-binding property 1289:1328 These results suggest that OLL has slightly different cell-binding property compared with SAL and binds not only to Gb3 but also to the other carbohydrate receptor-bearing β-galactoside chains. 24861899 5 40 theme Raji 872:875 arg1 cells 877:881 Raji cells 872:881 Raji cells 872:881 Flow cytometric and fluorescence microscopic analyses revealed that OLL also directly bound to and shrunk Raji cells with ten times less reactivity than SAL but reduced cell growth with decreasing cell viability. 24861899 5 41 theme cell 935:938 arg1 growth 940:945 cell growth 935:945 cell growth 935:945 Flow cytometric and fluorescence microscopic analyses revealed that OLL also directly bound to and shrunk Raji cells with ten times less reactivity than SAL but reduced cell growth with decreasing cell viability. 24861899 3 42 theme catfish 423:429 arg1 RBL 452:454 catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL 423:454 catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL composed of three domains 423:480 SAL, catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL composed of three domains, binds to Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells through globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) carbohydrate chain and to reduce cell size and growth by altering membrane composition without causing cell death. 24861899 3 42 theme catfish 423:429 arg1 SAL 418:420 SAL 418:420 SAL 418:420 SAL, catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL composed of three domains, binds to Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells through globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) carbohydrate chain and to reduce cell size and growth by altering membrane composition without causing cell death. 24861899 7 43 theme direct 1087:1092 arg1 bindings 1094:1101 the direct bindings 1083:1101 the direct bindings of OLL and SAL to Raji cells 1083:1130 In addition, the direct bindings of OLL and SAL to Raji cells were comparably inhibited by melibiose, but lactose was more effective inhibitor for the binding of OLL than that of SAL. 24861899 6 44 theme Raji 1038:1041 arg1 cells 1043:1047 Raji cells 1038:1047 Raji cells but not that of OLL 1038:1067 Anti-Gb3 antibody completely blocked the binding of SAL to Raji cells but not that of OLL. 24861899 9 45 theme IL-10 1560:1564 arg1 expression 1511:1520 the expression 1507:1520 the expression of TNF-α but not of IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-10 1507:1564 The quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that SAL induced the expression of TNF-α but not of IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-10. 24861899 8 46 theme different 1298:1306 arg1 property 1321:1328 slightly different cell-binding property 1289:1328 slightly different cell-binding property 1289:1328 These results suggest that OLL has slightly different cell-binding property compared with SAL and binds not only to Gb3 but also to the other carbohydrate receptor-bearing β-galactoside chains. 24861899 9 47 theme RT-PCR 1465:1470 arg1 analysis 1472:1479 The quantitative RT-PCR analysis 1448:1479 The quantitative RT-PCR analysis 1448:1479 The quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that SAL induced the expression of TNF-α but not of IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-10. 24861899 7 48 theme effective 1193:1201 arg1 inhibitor 1203:1211 more effective inhibitor 1188:1211 more effective inhibitor for the binding of OLL 1188:1234 In addition, the direct bindings of OLL and SAL to Raji cells were comparably inhibited by melibiose, but lactose was more effective inhibitor for the binding of OLL than that of SAL. 24861899 10 49 theme signaling 1661:1669 arg1 pathway 1671:1677 TNF-α-mediated signaling pathway 1646:1677 TNF-α-mediated signaling pathway 1646:1677 Thus, SAL-induced cytostatic effect on Raji cells might be partially caused by TNF-α-mediated signaling pathway. 24861899 5 50 dep reactivity 903:912 arg1 times 892:896 times 892:896 times 892:896 Flow cytometric and fluorescence microscopic analyses revealed that OLL also directly bound to and shrunk Raji cells with ten times less reactivity than SAL but reduced cell growth with decreasing cell viability. 24861899 0 51 theme rhamnose-binding 55:70 arg1 lectins 72:78 fish rhamnose-binding lectins 50:78 fish rhamnose-binding lectins 50:78 Binding profiles and cytokine-inducing effects of fish rhamnose-binding lectins on Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells. 24861899 5 52 theme microscopic 799:809 arg1 analyses 811:818 Flow cytometric and fluorescence microscopic analyses 766:818 Flow cytometric and fluorescence microscopic analyses 766:818 Flow cytometric and fluorescence microscopic analyses revealed that OLL also directly bound to and shrunk Raji cells with ten times less reactivity than SAL but reduced cell growth with decreasing cell viability. 24861899 7 53 theme SAL 1114:1116 arg1 bindings 1094:1101 the direct bindings 1083:1101 the direct bindings of OLL and SAL to Raji cells 1083:1130 In addition, the direct bindings of OLL and SAL to Raji cells were comparably inhibited by melibiose, but lactose was more effective inhibitor for the binding of OLL than that of SAL. 24861899 3 54 theme Raji 511:514 arg1 cells 516:520 Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells 492:520 Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells 492:520 SAL, catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL composed of three domains, binds to Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells through globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) carbohydrate chain and to reduce cell size and growth by altering membrane composition without causing cell death. 24861899 1 55 theme Rhamnose-binding 114:129 arg1 RBL 139:141 RBL 139:141 RBL 139:141 Rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) is one of the animal lectin categories which take part in the innate immune responses of fish. 24861899 1 55 theme Rhamnose-binding 114:129 arg1 lectin 131:136 Rhamnose-binding lectin 114:136 Rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) 114:142 Rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) is one of the animal lectin categories which take part in the innate immune responses of fish. 24861899 0 56 theme fish 50:53 arg1 lectins 72:78 fish rhamnose-binding lectins 50:78 fish rhamnose-binding lectins 50:78 Binding profiles and cytokine-inducing effects of fish rhamnose-binding lectins on Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells. 24861899 8 57 theme receptor-bearing 1409:1424 arg1 chains 1440:1445 the other carbohydrate receptor-bearing β-galactoside chains 1386:1445 the other carbohydrate receptor-bearing β-galactoside chains 1386:1445 These results suggest that OLL has slightly different cell-binding property compared with SAL and binds not only to Gb3 but also to the other carbohydrate receptor-bearing β-galactoside chains. 24861899 5 58 dep times 892:896 arg1 less 898:901 less 898:901 less 898:901 Flow cytometric and fluorescence microscopic analyses revealed that OLL also directly bound to and shrunk Raji cells with ten times less reactivity than SAL but reduced cell growth with decreasing cell viability. 24861899 2 59 theme Osmerus 239:245 arg1 OLL 267:269 OLL 267:269 OLL 267:269 Osmerus lanceolatus lectin (OLL) from shishamo smelt eggs is an RBL composed of two tandem-repeated domains, both of which are considered to be a carbohydrate-recognition domain. 24861899 2 59 theme Osmerus 239:245 arg1 RBL 303:305 an RBL 300:305 an RBL composed of two tandem-repeated domains, both of which are considered to be a carbohydrate-recognition domain 300:415 Osmerus lanceolatus lectin (OLL) from shishamo smelt eggs is an RBL composed of two tandem-repeated domains, both of which are considered to be a carbohydrate-recognition domain. 24861899 2 59 theme Osmerus 239:245 arg1 lectin 259:264 Osmerus lanceolatus lectin 239:264 Osmerus lanceolatus lectin (OLL) from shishamo smelt eggs 239:295 Osmerus lanceolatus lectin (OLL) from shishamo smelt eggs is an RBL composed of two tandem-repeated domains, both of which are considered to be a carbohydrate-recognition domain. 24861899 10 60 from effect 1596:1601 arg1 cells 1611:1615 Raji cells 1606:1615 Raji cells 1606:1615 Thus, SAL-induced cytostatic effect on Raji cells might be partially caused by TNF-α-mediated signaling pathway. 24861899 3 61 theme cell 591:594 arg1 size 596:599 cell size 591:599 cell size 591:599 SAL, catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL composed of three domains, binds to Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells through globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) carbohydrate chain and to reduce cell size and growth by altering membrane composition without causing cell death. 24861899 3 62 theme carbohydrate 558:569 arg1 chain 571:575 globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) carbohydrate chain 530:575 globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) carbohydrate chain 530:575 SAL, catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL composed of three domains, binds to Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells through globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) carbohydrate chain and to reduce cell size and growth by altering membrane composition without causing cell death. 24861899 4 63 from effects 725:731 arg1 cells 759:763 Raji cells 754:763 Raji cells 754:763 In this experiment, we tried to compare the binding effects of these two RBLs on Raji cells. 24861899 3 64 theme Silurus 432:438 arg1 RBL 452:454 catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL 423:454 catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL composed of three domains 423:480 SAL, catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL composed of three domains, binds to Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells through globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) carbohydrate chain and to reduce cell size and growth by altering membrane composition without causing cell death. 24861899 3 64 theme Silurus 432:438 arg1 SAL 418:420 SAL 418:420 SAL 418:420 SAL, catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL composed of three domains, binds to Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells through globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) carbohydrate chain and to reduce cell size and growth by altering membrane composition without causing cell death. 24861899 1 65 theme innate 206:211 arg1 responses 220:228 the innate immune responses 202:228 the innate immune responses of fish 202:236 Rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) is one of the animal lectin categories which take part in the innate immune responses of fish. 24861899 2 66 theme tandem-repeated 323:337 arg1 domains 339:345 two tandem-repeated domains 319:345 two tandem-repeated domains 319:345 Osmerus lanceolatus lectin (OLL) from shishamo smelt eggs is an RBL composed of two tandem-repeated domains, both of which are considered to be a carbohydrate-recognition domain. 24861899 5 67 theme cytometric 771:780 arg1 analyses 811:818 Flow cytometric and fluorescence microscopic analyses 766:818 Flow cytometric and fluorescence microscopic analyses 766:818 Flow cytometric and fluorescence microscopic analyses revealed that OLL also directly bound to and shrunk Raji cells with ten times less reactivity than SAL but reduced cell growth with decreasing cell viability. 24861899 1 68 theme immune 213:218 arg1 responses 220:228 the innate immune responses 202:228 the innate immune responses of fish 202:236 Rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) is one of the animal lectin categories which take part in the innate immune responses of fish. 24861899 0 69 theme lectins 72:78 arg1 profiles 8:15 Binding profiles 0:15 Binding profiles 0:15 Binding profiles and cytokine-inducing effects of fish rhamnose-binding lectins on Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells. 24861899 0 69 theme lectins 72:78 arg1 effects 39:45 cytokine-inducing effects 21:45 cytokine-inducing effects of fish rhamnose-binding lectins on Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells 21:111 Binding profiles and cytokine-inducing effects of fish rhamnose-binding lectins on Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells. 24861899 3 70 theme membrane 624:631 arg1 composition 633:643 membrane composition 624:643 membrane composition 624:643 SAL, catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL composed of three domains, binds to Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells through globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) carbohydrate chain and to reduce cell size and growth by altering membrane composition without causing cell death. 24861899 4 71 theme binding 717:723 arg1 effects 725:731 the binding effects 713:731 the binding effects of these two RBLs on Raji cells 713:763 In this experiment, we tried to compare the binding effects of these two RBLs on Raji cells. 24861899 10 72 theme TNF-α-mediated 1646:1659 arg1 pathway 1671:1677 TNF-α-mediated signaling pathway 1646:1677 TNF-α-mediated signaling pathway 1646:1677 Thus, SAL-induced cytostatic effect on Raji cells might be partially caused by TNF-α-mediated signaling pathway. 26313518 6 0 dep X-100 1108:1112 arg1 presence 1079:1086 presence 1079:1086 presence 1079:1086 A stable β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst is obtained using sodium silicate, which is a cheap source of silica, in the presence of non-ionic Triton X-100, which avoids the enzyme deactivation, even at 40 °C. 26313518 6 0 dep X-100 1108:1112 arg1 the 1075:1077 the 1075:1077 the 1075:1077 A stable β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst is obtained using sodium silicate, which is a cheap source of silica, in the presence of non-ionic Triton X-100, which avoids the enzyme deactivation, even at 40 °C. 26313518 5 1 theme enzyme 855:860 arg1 behavior 862:869 the enzyme behavior 851:869 the enzyme behavior 851:869 The correlation between enzyme activity results for the β-galactosidase in three different environments (soluble in buffered aqueous reference solution, in the silica sol, and entrapment on the silica matrix) explains the enzyme behavior under stress conditions offered by the silica sol composition and gelation conditions. 26313518 6 2 theme β-galactosidase/silica 967:988 arg1 biocatalyst 990:1000 A stable β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst 958:1000 A stable β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst 958:1000 A stable β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst is obtained using sodium silicate, which is a cheap source of silica, in the presence of non-ionic Triton X-100, which avoids the enzyme deactivation, even at 40 °C. 26313518 5 3 theme stress 877:882 arg1 conditions 884:893 stress conditions 877:893 stress conditions offered by the silica sol composition and gelation conditions 877:955 The correlation between enzyme activity results for the β-galactosidase in three different environments (soluble in buffered aqueous reference solution, in the silica sol, and entrapment on the silica matrix) explains the enzyme behavior under stress conditions offered by the silica sol composition and gelation conditions. 26313518 6 4 from 40 °C 1161:1165 arg1 silicate 1027:1034 sodium silicate 1020:1034 sodium silicate 1020:1034 A stable β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst is obtained using sodium silicate, which is a cheap source of silica, in the presence of non-ionic Triton X-100, which avoids the enzyme deactivation, even at 40 °C. 26313518 6 4 from 40 °C 1161:1165 arg1 source 1054:1059 a cheap source 1046:1059 a cheap source of silica 1046:1069 A stable β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst is obtained using sodium silicate, which is a cheap source of silica, in the presence of non-ionic Triton X-100, which avoids the enzyme deactivation, even at 40 °C. 26313518 5 5 from β-galactosidase 689:703 arg1 environments 724:735 three different environments 708:735 three different environments (soluble in buffered aqueous reference solution, in the silica sol, and entrapment on the silica matrix) 708:840 The correlation between enzyme activity results for the β-galactosidase in three different environments (soluble in buffered aqueous reference solution, in the silica sol, and entrapment on the silica matrix) explains the enzyme behavior under stress conditions offered by the silica sol composition and gelation conditions. 26313518 3 6 theme enzyme 336:341 arg1 behavior 343:350 the enzyme behavior 332:350 the enzyme behavior during this process 332:370 However, the study of the enzyme behavior during this process is not well understood until now and more, if the surfactant is involved in the synthesis mixture. 26313518 0 7 with study 69:73 arg1 biocatalyst 103:113 β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst 80:113 β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst for whey hydrolysis 80:133 Relationship between sol-gel conditions and enzyme stability: a case study with β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst for whey hydrolysis. 26313518 6 8 theme Triton 1101:1106 arg1 X-100 1108:1112 non-ionic Triton X-100 1091:1112 non-ionic Triton X-100 1091:1112 A stable β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst is obtained using sodium silicate, which is a cheap source of silica, in the presence of non-ionic Triton X-100, which avoids the enzyme deactivation, even at 40 °C. 26313518 3 9 theme behavior 343:350 arg1 study 323:327 the study 319:327 the study of the enzyme behavior during this process 319:370 However, the study of the enzyme behavior during this process is not well understood until now and more, if the surfactant is involved in the synthesis mixture. 26313518 6 10 theme enzyme 1132:1137 arg1 deactivation 1139:1150 the enzyme deactivation 1128:1150 the enzyme deactivation 1128:1150 A stable β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst is obtained using sodium silicate, which is a cheap source of silica, in the presence of non-ionic Triton X-100, which avoids the enzyme deactivation, even at 40 °C. 26313518 4 11 from circulans 546:554 arg1 β-galactosidase 516:530 β-galactosidase 516:530 β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans in silica 516:564 This work is devoted to the encapsulation of β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans in silica by sol-gel process, assisted by non-ionic Triton X-100 surfactant. 26313518 4 11 from circulans 546:554 arg1 encapsulation 499:511 the encapsulation 495:511 the encapsulation of β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans in silica by sol-gel process 495:583 This work is devoted to the encapsulation of β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans in silica by sol-gel process, assisted by non-ionic Triton X-100 surfactant. 26313518 6 12 theme silica 1064:1069 arg1 silicate 1027:1034 sodium silicate 1020:1034 sodium silicate 1020:1034 A stable β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst is obtained using sodium silicate, which is a cheap source of silica, in the presence of non-ionic Triton X-100, which avoids the enzyme deactivation, even at 40 °C. 26313518 6 12 theme silica 1064:1069 arg1 source 1054:1059 a cheap source 1046:1059 a cheap source of silica 1046:1069 A stable β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst is obtained using sodium silicate, which is a cheap source of silica, in the presence of non-ionic Triton X-100, which avoids the enzyme deactivation, even at 40 °C. 26313518 5 13 theme gelation 937:944 arg1 conditions 946:955 gelation conditions 937:955 gelation conditions 937:955 The correlation between enzyme activity results for the β-galactosidase in three different environments (soluble in buffered aqueous reference solution, in the silica sol, and entrapment on the silica matrix) explains the enzyme behavior under stress conditions offered by the silica sol composition and gelation conditions. 26313518 4 14 theme surfactant 621:630 arg1 X-100 615:619 non-ionic Triton X-100 surfactant 598:630 non-ionic Triton X-100 surfactant 598:630 This work is devoted to the encapsulation of β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans in silica by sol-gel process, assisted by non-ionic Triton X-100 surfactant. 26313518 5 15 theme aqueous 758:764 arg1 solution 776:783 buffered aqueous reference solution 749:783 buffered aqueous reference solution 749:783 The correlation between enzyme activity results for the β-galactosidase in three different environments (soluble in buffered aqueous reference solution, in the silica sol, and entrapment on the silica matrix) explains the enzyme behavior under stress conditions offered by the silica sol composition and gelation conditions. 26313518 0 16 theme whey 119:122 arg1 hydrolysis 124:133 whey hydrolysis 119:133 whey hydrolysis 119:133 Relationship between sol-gel conditions and enzyme stability: a case study with β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst for whey hydrolysis. 26313518 5 17 theme buffered 749:756 arg1 solution 776:783 buffered aqueous reference solution 749:783 buffered aqueous reference solution 749:783 The correlation between enzyme activity results for the β-galactosidase in three different environments (soluble in buffered aqueous reference solution, in the silica sol, and entrapment on the silica matrix) explains the enzyme behavior under stress conditions offered by the silica sol composition and gelation conditions. 26313518 7 18 theme obtained 1172:1179 arg1 biocatalyst 1181:1191 The obtained biocatalyst 1168:1191 The obtained biocatalyst 1168:1191 The obtained biocatalyst is used in the whey hydrolysis for obtaining high value products from this waste. 26313518 4 19 from β-galactosidase 516:530 arg1 silica 559:564 silica 559:564 silica 559:564 This work is devoted to the encapsulation of β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans in silica by sol-gel process, assisted by non-ionic Triton X-100 surfactant. 26313518 5 20 from soluble 738:744 arg1 solution 776:783 buffered aqueous reference solution 749:783 buffered aqueous reference solution 749:783 The correlation between enzyme activity results for the β-galactosidase in three different environments (soluble in buffered aqueous reference solution, in the silica sol, and entrapment on the silica matrix) explains the enzyme behavior under stress conditions offered by the silica sol composition and gelation conditions. 26313518 8 21 theme stability 1306:1314 arg1 preservation 1279:1290 The preservation 1275:1290 The preservation of the enzyme stability, which is one of the most important challenges on the enzyme immobilization through the silica sol-gel, 1275:1418 The preservation of the enzyme stability, which is one of the most important challenges on the enzyme immobilization through the silica sol-gel, is achieved in this study. 26313518 1 22 theme active 191:196 arg1 biocatalysts 209:220 active and stable biocatalysts 191:220 active and stable biocatalysts 191:220 The sol-gel process has been very useful for preparing active and stable biocatalysts, with the possibility of being reused. 26313518 5 23 theme silica 793:798 arg1 sol 800:802 the silica sol 789:802 the silica sol 789:802 The correlation between enzyme activity results for the β-galactosidase in three different environments (soluble in buffered aqueous reference solution, in the silica sol, and entrapment on the silica matrix) explains the enzyme behavior under stress conditions offered by the silica sol composition and gelation conditions. 26313518 6 24 theme cheap 1048:1052 arg1 silicate 1027:1034 sodium silicate 1020:1034 sodium silicate 1020:1034 A stable β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst is obtained using sodium silicate, which is a cheap source of silica, in the presence of non-ionic Triton X-100, which avoids the enzyme deactivation, even at 40 °C. 26313518 6 24 theme cheap 1048:1052 arg1 source 1054:1059 a cheap source 1046:1059 a cheap source of silica 1046:1069 A stable β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst is obtained using sodium silicate, which is a cheap source of silica, in the presence of non-ionic Triton X-100, which avoids the enzyme deactivation, even at 40 °C. 26313518 5 25 theme silica 910:915 arg1 composition 921:931 the silica sol composition 906:931 the silica sol composition 906:931 The correlation between enzyme activity results for the β-galactosidase in three different environments (soluble in buffered aqueous reference solution, in the silica sol, and entrapment on the silica matrix) explains the enzyme behavior under stress conditions offered by the silica sol composition and gelation conditions. 26313518 4 26 from encapsulation 499:511 arg1 silica 559:564 silica 559:564 silica 559:564 This work is devoted to the encapsulation of β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans in silica by sol-gel process, assisted by non-ionic Triton X-100 surfactant. 26313518 4 26 from encapsulation 499:511 arg1 circulans 546:554 Bacillus circulans 537:554 Bacillus circulans 537:554 This work is devoted to the encapsulation of β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans in silica by sol-gel process, assisted by non-ionic Triton X-100 surfactant. 26313518 8 27 theme enzyme 1299:1304 arg1 challenges 1352:1361 the most important challenges 1333:1361 the most important challenges on the enzyme immobilization through the silica sol-gel 1333:1417 The preservation of the enzyme stability, which is one of the most important challenges on the enzyme immobilization through the silica sol-gel, is achieved in this study. 26313518 8 27 theme enzyme 1299:1304 arg1 one 1326:1328 one 1326:1328 one 1326:1328 The preservation of the enzyme stability, which is one of the most important challenges on the enzyme immobilization through the silica sol-gel, is achieved in this study. 26313518 8 27 theme enzyme 1299:1304 arg1 stability 1306:1314 the enzyme stability 1295:1314 the enzyme stability 1295:1314 The preservation of the enzyme stability, which is one of the most important challenges on the enzyme immobilization through the silica sol-gel, is achieved in this study. 26313518 5 28 theme sol 917:919 arg1 composition 921:931 the silica sol composition 906:931 the silica sol composition 906:931 The correlation between enzyme activity results for the β-galactosidase in three different environments (soluble in buffered aqueous reference solution, in the silica sol, and entrapment on the silica matrix) explains the enzyme behavior under stress conditions offered by the silica sol composition and gelation conditions. 26313518 8 29 from challenges 1352:1361 arg1 immobilization 1377:1390 the enzyme immobilization 1366:1390 the enzyme immobilization through the silica sol-gel 1366:1417 The preservation of the enzyme stability, which is one of the most important challenges on the enzyme immobilization through the silica sol-gel, is achieved in this study. 26313518 1 30 theme stable 202:207 arg1 biocatalysts 209:220 active and stable biocatalysts 191:220 active and stable biocatalysts 191:220 The sol-gel process has been very useful for preparing active and stable biocatalysts, with the possibility of being reused. 26313518 0 31 theme enzyme 44:49 arg1 stability 51:59 enzyme stability 44:59 enzyme stability 44:59 Relationship between sol-gel conditions and enzyme stability: a case study with β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst for whey hydrolysis. 26313518 4 32 theme β-galactosidase 516:530 arg1 encapsulation 499:511 the encapsulation 495:511 the encapsulation of β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans in silica by sol-gel process 495:583 This work is devoted to the encapsulation of β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans in silica by sol-gel process, assisted by non-ionic Triton X-100 surfactant. 26313518 7 33 theme high 1238:1241 arg1 products 1249:1256 high value products 1238:1256 high value products from this waste 1238:1272 The obtained biocatalyst is used in the whey hydrolysis for obtaining high value products from this waste. 26313518 7 34 theme value 1243:1247 arg1 products 1249:1256 high value products 1238:1256 high value products from this waste 1238:1272 The obtained biocatalyst is used in the whey hydrolysis for obtaining high value products from this waste. 26313518 4 35 theme Triton 608:613 arg1 X-100 615:619 non-ionic Triton X-100 surfactant 598:630 non-ionic Triton X-100 surfactant 598:630 This work is devoted to the encapsulation of β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans in silica by sol-gel process, assisted by non-ionic Triton X-100 surfactant. 26313518 0 36 theme sol-gel 21:27 arg1 conditions 29:38 sol-gel conditions 21:38 sol-gel conditions 21:38 Relationship between sol-gel conditions and enzyme stability: a case study with β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst for whey hydrolysis. 26313518 5 37 theme reference 766:774 arg1 solution 776:783 buffered aqueous reference solution 749:783 buffered aqueous reference solution 749:783 The correlation between enzyme activity results for the β-galactosidase in three different environments (soluble in buffered aqueous reference solution, in the silica sol, and entrapment on the silica matrix) explains the enzyme behavior under stress conditions offered by the silica sol composition and gelation conditions. 26313518 6 38 theme stable 960:965 arg1 biocatalyst 990:1000 A stable β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst 958:1000 A stable β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst 958:1000 A stable β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst is obtained using sodium silicate, which is a cheap source of silica, in the presence of non-ionic Triton X-100, which avoids the enzyme deactivation, even at 40 °C. 26313518 4 39 theme non-ionic 598:606 arg1 X-100 615:619 non-ionic Triton X-100 surfactant 598:630 non-ionic Triton X-100 surfactant 598:630 This work is devoted to the encapsulation of β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans in silica by sol-gel process, assisted by non-ionic Triton X-100 surfactant. 26313518 4 40 from silica 559:564 arg1 encapsulation 499:511 the encapsulation 495:511 the encapsulation of β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans in silica by sol-gel process 495:583 This work is devoted to the encapsulation of β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans in silica by sol-gel process, assisted by non-ionic Triton X-100 surfactant. 26313518 6 41 theme sodium 1020:1025 arg1 silicate 1027:1034 sodium silicate 1020:1034 sodium silicate 1020:1034 A stable β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst is obtained using sodium silicate, which is a cheap source of silica, in the presence of non-ionic Triton X-100, which avoids the enzyme deactivation, even at 40 °C. 26313518 6 41 theme sodium 1020:1025 arg1 source 1054:1059 a cheap source 1046:1059 a cheap source of silica 1046:1069 A stable β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst is obtained using sodium silicate, which is a cheap source of silica, in the presence of non-ionic Triton X-100, which avoids the enzyme deactivation, even at 40 °C. 26313518 5 42 theme enzyme 657:662 arg1 activity 664:671 enzyme activity 657:671 enzyme activity 657:671 The correlation between enzyme activity results for the β-galactosidase in three different environments (soluble in buffered aqueous reference solution, in the silica sol, and entrapment on the silica matrix) explains the enzyme behavior under stress conditions offered by the silica sol composition and gelation conditions. 26313518 6 43 theme non-ionic 1091:1099 arg1 X-100 1108:1112 non-ionic Triton X-100 1091:1112 non-ionic Triton X-100 1091:1112 A stable β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst is obtained using sodium silicate, which is a cheap source of silica, in the presence of non-ionic Triton X-100, which avoids the enzyme deactivation, even at 40 °C. 26313518 5 44 dep environments 724:735 arg1 entrapment 809:818 entrapment 809:818 entrapment 809:818 The correlation between enzyme activity results for the β-galactosidase in three different environments (soluble in buffered aqueous reference solution, in the silica sol, and entrapment on the silica matrix) explains the enzyme behavior under stress conditions offered by the silica sol composition and gelation conditions. 26313518 5 44 dep environments 724:735 arg1 soluble 738:744 soluble 738:744 soluble 738:744 The correlation between enzyme activity results for the β-galactosidase in three different environments (soluble in buffered aqueous reference solution, in the silica sol, and entrapment on the silica matrix) explains the enzyme behavior under stress conditions offered by the silica sol composition and gelation conditions. 26313518 5 44 dep environments 724:735 arg1 sol 800:802 the silica sol 789:802 the silica sol 789:802 The correlation between enzyme activity results for the β-galactosidase in three different environments (soluble in buffered aqueous reference solution, in the silica sol, and entrapment on the silica matrix) explains the enzyme behavior under stress conditions offered by the silica sol composition and gelation conditions. 26313518 3 45 theme synthesis 452:460 arg1 mixture 462:468 the synthesis mixture 448:468 the synthesis mixture 448:468 However, the study of the enzyme behavior during this process is not well understood until now and more, if the surfactant is involved in the synthesis mixture. 26313518 8 46 theme enzyme 1370:1375 arg1 immobilization 1377:1390 the enzyme immobilization 1366:1390 the enzyme immobilization through the silica sol-gel 1366:1417 The preservation of the enzyme stability, which is one of the most important challenges on the enzyme immobilization through the silica sol-gel, is achieved in this study. 26313518 8 47 theme challenges 1352:1361 arg1 challenges 1352:1361 the most important challenges 1333:1361 the most important challenges on the enzyme immobilization through the silica sol-gel 1333:1417 The preservation of the enzyme stability, which is one of the most important challenges on the enzyme immobilization through the silica sol-gel, is achieved in this study. 26313518 8 47 theme challenges 1352:1361 arg1 one 1326:1328 one 1326:1328 one 1326:1328 The preservation of the enzyme stability, which is one of the most important challenges on the enzyme immobilization through the silica sol-gel, is achieved in this study. 26313518 8 47 theme challenges 1352:1361 arg1 stability 1306:1314 the enzyme stability 1295:1314 the enzyme stability 1295:1314 The preservation of the enzyme stability, which is one of the most important challenges on the enzyme immobilization through the silica sol-gel, is achieved in this study. 26313518 1 48 with useful 170:175 arg1 possibility 232:242 the possibility 228:242 the possibility of being reused 228:258 The sol-gel process has been very useful for preparing active and stable biocatalysts, with the possibility of being reused. 26313518 8 49 theme silica 1404:1409 arg1 sol-gel 1411:1417 the silica sol-gel 1400:1417 the silica sol-gel 1400:1417 The preservation of the enzyme stability, which is one of the most important challenges on the enzyme immobilization through the silica sol-gel, is achieved in this study. 26313518 7 50 used used 1196:1199 arg2 biocatalyst 1181:1191 The obtained biocatalyst 1168:1191 The obtained biocatalyst 1168:1191 The obtained biocatalyst is used in the whey hydrolysis for obtaining high value products from this waste. 26313518 7 51 theme whey 1208:1211 arg1 hydrolysis 1213:1222 the whey hydrolysis 1204:1222 the whey hydrolysis 1204:1222 The obtained biocatalyst is used in the whey hydrolysis for obtaining high value products from this waste. 26313518 6 52 theme X-100 1108:1112 arg1 silicate 1027:1034 sodium silicate 1020:1034 sodium silicate 1020:1034 A stable β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst is obtained using sodium silicate, which is a cheap source of silica, in the presence of non-ionic Triton X-100, which avoids the enzyme deactivation, even at 40 °C. 26313518 6 52 theme X-100 1108:1112 arg1 source 1054:1059 a cheap source 1046:1059 a cheap source of silica 1046:1069 A stable β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst is obtained using sodium silicate, which is a cheap source of silica, in the presence of non-ionic Triton X-100, which avoids the enzyme deactivation, even at 40 °C. 26313518 4 53 theme sol-gel 569:575 arg1 process 577:583 sol-gel process 569:583 sol-gel process 569:583 This work is devoted to the encapsulation of β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans in silica by sol-gel process, assisted by non-ionic Triton X-100 surfactant. 26313518 8 54 theme important 1342:1350 arg1 challenges 1352:1361 the most important challenges 1333:1361 the most important challenges on the enzyme immobilization through the silica sol-gel 1333:1417 The preservation of the enzyme stability, which is one of the most important challenges on the enzyme immobilization through the silica sol-gel, is achieved in this study. 26313518 1 55 theme sol-gel 140:146 arg1 useful 170:175 useful 170:175 useful 170:175 The sol-gel process has been very useful for preparing active and stable biocatalysts, with the possibility of being reused. 26313518 1 55 theme sol-gel 140:146 arg1 process 148:154 The sol-gel process 136:154 The sol-gel process 136:154 The sol-gel process has been very useful for preparing active and stable biocatalysts, with the possibility of being reused. 26313518 0 56 theme case 64:67 arg1 study 69:73 a case study 62:73 Relationship between sol-gel conditions and enzyme stability: a case study with β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst for whey hydrolysis. 0:134 Relationship between sol-gel conditions and enzyme stability: a case study with β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst for whey hydrolysis. 26313518 5 57 theme different 714:722 arg1 environments 724:735 three different environments 708:735 three different environments (soluble in buffered aqueous reference solution, in the silica sol, and entrapment on the silica matrix) 708:840 The correlation between enzyme activity results for the β-galactosidase in three different environments (soluble in buffered aqueous reference solution, in the silica sol, and entrapment on the silica matrix) explains the enzyme behavior under stress conditions offered by the silica sol composition and gelation conditions. 26313518 7 58 from waste 1268:1272 arg1 products 1249:1256 high value products 1238:1256 high value products from this waste 1238:1272 The obtained biocatalyst is used in the whey hydrolysis for obtaining high value products from this waste. 26313518 5 59 theme silica 827:832 arg1 matrix 834:839 the silica matrix 823:839 the silica matrix 823:839 The correlation between enzyme activity results for the β-galactosidase in three different environments (soluble in buffered aqueous reference solution, in the silica sol, and entrapment on the silica matrix) explains the enzyme behavior under stress conditions offered by the silica sol composition and gelation conditions. 26313518 5 60 from solution 776:783 arg1 soluble 738:744 soluble 738:744 soluble 738:744 The correlation between enzyme activity results for the β-galactosidase in three different environments (soluble in buffered aqueous reference solution, in the silica sol, and entrapment on the silica matrix) explains the enzyme behavior under stress conditions offered by the silica sol composition and gelation conditions. 26313518 0 61 dep Relationship 0:11 arg1 study 69:73 a case study 62:73 Relationship between sol-gel conditions and enzyme stability: a case study with β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst for whey hydrolysis. 0:134 Relationship between sol-gel conditions and enzyme stability: a case study with β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst for whey hydrolysis. 26313518 0 62 theme β-galactosidase/silica 80:101 arg1 biocatalyst 103:113 β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst 80:113 β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst for whey hydrolysis 80:133 Relationship between sol-gel conditions and enzyme stability: a case study with β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst for whey hydrolysis. 25876850 5 0 theme major 1141:1145 arg1 derivatives 1197:1207 quercetin and myricetin derivatives 1173:1207 quercetin and myricetin derivatives 1173:1207 Flavonol extractability was not influenced by insoluble material contents; although some cell wall components presented a relationship with flavonol extractability, the presence of AG and mannans would decrease total flavonol extractability, whereas protein is positively related to total and major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives). 25876850 5 0 theme major 1141:1145 arg1 compounds 1156:1164 major flavonol compounds 1141:1164 major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives) 1141:1208 Flavonol extractability was not influenced by insoluble material contents; although some cell wall components presented a relationship with flavonol extractability, the presence of AG and mannans would decrease total flavonol extractability, whereas protein is positively related to total and major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives). 25876850 6 1 theme different 1309:1317 arg1 tissue 1319:1324 different tissue 1309:1324 different tissue 1309:1324 The different behaviors observed between those two groups of polyphenol compounds could be due to different tissue and cellular location. 25876850 5 2 theme material 904:911 arg1 contents 913:920 insoluble material contents 894:920 insoluble material contents 894:920 Flavonol extractability was not influenced by insoluble material contents; although some cell wall components presented a relationship with flavonol extractability, the presence of AG and mannans would decrease total flavonol extractability, whereas protein is positively related to total and major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives). 25876850 0 3 theme Grape 70:74 arg1 Skins 76:80 Red Grape Skins 66:80 Red Grape Skins 66:80 Extractability of Low Molecular Mass Flavanols and Flavonols from Red Grape Skins. 25876850 3 4 theme solid 670:674 arg1 content 676:682 soluble solid content 662:682 soluble solid content 662:682 Flavan-3-ol extractability is related to ripeness stage and also to cell wall composition, mainly to arabinogalactans (AG), mannans, rhamnogalacturonans-I (RG-I), homogalacturonans (HG), xyloglucans (XG), and total polysaccharides content, which are negatively correlated to flavan-3-ol extractability, whereas soluble solid content did not exert any influence on their extraction. 25876850 5 5 theme flavonol 1065:1072 arg1 extractability 1074:1087 total flavonol extractability 1059:1087 total flavonol extractability 1059:1087 Flavonol extractability was not influenced by insoluble material contents; although some cell wall components presented a relationship with flavonol extractability, the presence of AG and mannans would decrease total flavonol extractability, whereas protein is positively related to total and major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives). 25876850 6 6 theme different 1215:1223 arg1 behaviors 1225:1233 The different behaviors 1211:1233 The different behaviors observed between those two groups of polyphenol compounds 1211:1291 The different behaviors observed between those two groups of polyphenol compounds could be due to different tissue and cellular location. 25876850 6 6 theme different 1215:1223 arg1 due 1302:1304 due 1302:1304 due 1302:1304 The different behaviors observed between those two groups of polyphenol compounds could be due to different tissue and cellular location. 25876850 5 7 theme AG 1029:1030 arg1 presence 1017:1024 the presence 1013:1024 the presence of AG and mannans 1013:1042 Flavonol extractability was not influenced by insoluble material contents; although some cell wall components presented a relationship with flavonol extractability, the presence of AG and mannans would decrease total flavonol extractability, whereas protein is positively related to total and major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives). 25876850 2 8 theme different 299:307 arg1 contents 323:330 different soluble solid contents 299:330 different soluble solid contents within each stage 299:348 Flavonol and flavan-3-ol extractabilities from red grape skins were evaluated in Tempranillo grapes harvested at different ripeness stages and with different soluble solid contents within each stage. 25876850 2 9 theme soluble 309:315 arg1 contents 323:330 different soluble solid contents 299:330 different soluble solid contents within each stage 299:348 Flavonol and flavan-3-ol extractabilities from red grape skins were evaluated in Tempranillo grapes harvested at different ripeness stages and with different soluble solid contents within each stage. 25876850 5 10 dep decrease 1050:1057 arg1 whereas 1090:1096 whereas 1090:1096 whereas 1090:1096 Flavonol extractability was not influenced by insoluble material contents; although some cell wall components presented a relationship with flavonol extractability, the presence of AG and mannans would decrease total flavonol extractability, whereas protein is positively related to total and major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives). 25876850 2 11 theme Flavonol 151:158 arg1 extractabilities 176:191 Flavonol and flavan-3-ol extractabilities 151:191 extractabilities 176:191 Flavonol and flavan-3-ol extractabilities from red grape skins were evaluated in Tempranillo grapes harvested at different ripeness stages and with different soluble solid contents within each stage. 25876850 5 12 theme cell 937:940 arg1 components 947:956 some cell wall components 932:956 some cell wall components 932:956 Flavonol extractability was not influenced by insoluble material contents; although some cell wall components presented a relationship with flavonol extractability, the presence of AG and mannans would decrease total flavonol extractability, whereas protein is positively related to total and major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives). 25876850 6 13 theme polyphenol 1272:1281 arg1 compounds 1283:1291 polyphenol compounds 1272:1291 polyphenol compounds 1272:1291 The different behaviors observed between those two groups of polyphenol compounds could be due to different tissue and cellular location. 25876850 6 14 theme compounds 1283:1291 arg1 groups 1262:1267 those two groups 1252:1267 those two groups of polyphenol compounds 1252:1291 The different behaviors observed between those two groups of polyphenol compounds could be due to different tissue and cellular location. 25876850 6 14 theme compounds 1283:1291 arg1 compounds 1283:1291 polyphenol compounds 1272:1291 polyphenol compounds 1272:1291 The different behaviors observed between those two groups of polyphenol compounds could be due to different tissue and cellular location. 25876850 1 15 from Stages 143:148 arg1 Relationship 83:94 Relationship 83:94 Relationship 83:94 Relationship to Cell Wall Composition at Different Ripeness Stages. 25876850 5 16 theme flavonol 988:995 arg1 extractability 997:1010 flavonol extractability 988:1010 flavonol extractability 988:1010 Flavonol extractability was not influenced by insoluble material contents; although some cell wall components presented a relationship with flavonol extractability, the presence of AG and mannans would decrease total flavonol extractability, whereas protein is positively related to total and major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives). 25876850 2 17 from skins 208:212 arg1 extractabilities 176:191 Flavonol and flavan-3-ol extractabilities 151:191 extractabilities 176:191 Flavonol and flavan-3-ol extractabilities from red grape skins were evaluated in Tempranillo grapes harvested at different ripeness stages and with different soluble solid contents within each stage. 25876850 3 18 theme wall 424:427 arg1 composition 429:439 cell wall composition 419:439 cell wall composition 419:439 Flavan-3-ol extractability is related to ripeness stage and also to cell wall composition, mainly to arabinogalactans (AG), mannans, rhamnogalacturonans-I (RG-I), homogalacturonans (HG), xyloglucans (XG), and total polysaccharides content, which are negatively correlated to flavan-3-ol extractability, whereas soluble solid content did not exert any influence on their extraction. 25876850 3 19 theme ripeness 392:399 arg1 stage 401:405 ripeness stage 392:405 ripeness stage 392:405 Flavan-3-ol extractability is related to ripeness stage and also to cell wall composition, mainly to arabinogalactans (AG), mannans, rhamnogalacturonans-I (RG-I), homogalacturonans (HG), xyloglucans (XG), and total polysaccharides content, which are negatively correlated to flavan-3-ol extractability, whereas soluble solid content did not exert any influence on their extraction. 25876850 5 20 theme wall 942:945 arg1 components 947:956 some cell wall components 932:956 some cell wall components 932:956 Flavonol extractability was not influenced by insoluble material contents; although some cell wall components presented a relationship with flavonol extractability, the presence of AG and mannans would decrease total flavonol extractability, whereas protein is positively related to total and major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives). 25876850 5 21 theme flavonol 1147:1154 arg1 derivatives 1197:1207 quercetin and myricetin derivatives 1173:1207 quercetin and myricetin derivatives 1173:1207 Flavonol extractability was not influenced by insoluble material contents; although some cell wall components presented a relationship with flavonol extractability, the presence of AG and mannans would decrease total flavonol extractability, whereas protein is positively related to total and major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives). 25876850 5 21 theme flavonol 1147:1154 arg1 compounds 1156:1164 major flavonol compounds 1141:1164 major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives) 1141:1208 Flavonol extractability was not influenced by insoluble material contents; although some cell wall components presented a relationship with flavonol extractability, the presence of AG and mannans would decrease total flavonol extractability, whereas protein is positively related to total and major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives). 25876850 4 22 theme procyanidin 743:753 arg1 extraction 755:764 procyanidin extraction 743:764 procyanidin extraction 743:764 Moreover, procyanidin extraction is more strongly related to cell wall composition than prodelphinidin extraction. 25876850 0 23 theme Molecular 22:30 arg1 Flavanols 37:45 Low Molecular Mass Flavanols 18:45 Low Molecular Mass Flavanols 18:45 Extractability of Low Molecular Mass Flavanols and Flavonols from Red Grape Skins. 25876850 5 24 theme myricetin 1187:1195 arg1 derivatives 1197:1207 quercetin and myricetin derivatives 1173:1207 quercetin and myricetin derivatives 1173:1207 Flavonol extractability was not influenced by insoluble material contents; although some cell wall components presented a relationship with flavonol extractability, the presence of AG and mannans would decrease total flavonol extractability, whereas protein is positively related to total and major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives). 25876850 5 24 theme myricetin 1187:1195 arg1 compounds 1156:1164 major flavonol compounds 1141:1164 major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives) 1141:1208 Flavonol extractability was not influenced by insoluble material contents; although some cell wall components presented a relationship with flavonol extractability, the presence of AG and mannans would decrease total flavonol extractability, whereas protein is positively related to total and major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives). 25876850 2 25 theme solid 317:321 arg1 contents 323:330 different soluble solid contents 299:330 different soluble solid contents within each stage 299:348 Flavonol and flavan-3-ol extractabilities from red grape skins were evaluated in Tempranillo grapes harvested at different ripeness stages and with different soluble solid contents within each stage. 25876850 4 26 theme wall 799:802 arg1 composition 804:814 cell wall composition 794:814 cell wall composition 794:814 Moreover, procyanidin extraction is more strongly related to cell wall composition than prodelphinidin extraction. 25876850 0 27 theme Low 18:20 arg1 Flavanols 37:45 Low Molecular Mass Flavanols 18:45 Low Molecular Mass Flavanols 18:45 Extractability of Low Molecular Mass Flavanols and Flavonols from Red Grape Skins. 25876850 0 28 from Skins 76:80 arg1 Extractability 0:13 Extractability 0:13 Extractability of Low Molecular Mass Flavanols and Flavonols from Red Grape Skins. 0:81 Extractability of Low Molecular Mass Flavanols and Flavonols from Red Grape Skins. 25876850 1 29 theme Cell 99:102 arg1 Composition 109:119 Cell Wall Composition 99:119 Cell Wall Composition 99:119 Relationship to Cell Wall Composition at Different Ripeness Stages. 25876850 0 30 theme Flavanols 37:45 arg1 Extractability 0:13 Extractability 0:13 Extractability of Low Molecular Mass Flavanols and Flavonols from Red Grape Skins. 0:81 Extractability of Low Molecular Mass Flavanols and Flavonols from Red Grape Skins. 25876850 3 31 theme flavan-3-ol 626:636 arg1 extractability 638:651 flavan-3-ol extractability 626:651 flavan-3-ol extractability 626:651 Flavan-3-ol extractability is related to ripeness stage and also to cell wall composition, mainly to arabinogalactans (AG), mannans, rhamnogalacturonans-I (RG-I), homogalacturonans (HG), xyloglucans (XG), and total polysaccharides content, which are negatively correlated to flavan-3-ol extractability, whereas soluble solid content did not exert any influence on their extraction. 25876850 3 32 theme total 560:564 arg1 polysaccharides 566:580 total polysaccharides 560:580 total polysaccharides 560:580 Flavan-3-ol extractability is related to ripeness stage and also to cell wall composition, mainly to arabinogalactans (AG), mannans, rhamnogalacturonans-I (RG-I), homogalacturonans (HG), xyloglucans (XG), and total polysaccharides content, which are negatively correlated to flavan-3-ol extractability, whereas soluble solid content did not exert any influence on their extraction. 25876850 0 33 theme Mass 32:35 arg1 Flavanols 37:45 Low Molecular Mass Flavanols 18:45 Low Molecular Mass Flavanols 18:45 Extractability of Low Molecular Mass Flavanols and Flavonols from Red Grape Skins. 25876850 2 34 theme flavan-3-ol 164:174 arg1 extractabilities 176:191 Flavonol and flavan-3-ol extractabilities 151:191 extractabilities 176:191 Flavonol and flavan-3-ol extractabilities from red grape skins were evaluated in Tempranillo grapes harvested at different ripeness stages and with different soluble solid contents within each stage. 25876850 2 35 theme Tempranillo 232:242 arg1 grapes 244:249 Tempranillo grapes 232:249 Tempranillo grapes harvested at different ripeness stages 232:288 Flavonol and flavan-3-ol extractabilities from red grape skins were evaluated in Tempranillo grapes harvested at different ripeness stages and with different soluble solid contents within each stage. 25876850 5 36 theme Flavonol 848:855 arg1 extractability 857:870 Flavonol extractability 848:870 Flavonol extractability 848:870 Flavonol extractability was not influenced by insoluble material contents; although some cell wall components presented a relationship with flavonol extractability, the presence of AG and mannans would decrease total flavonol extractability, whereas protein is positively related to total and major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives). 25876850 0 37 theme Flavonols 51:59 arg1 Extractability 0:13 Extractability 0:13 Extractability of Low Molecular Mass Flavanols and Flavonols from Red Grape Skins. 0:81 Extractability of Low Molecular Mass Flavanols and Flavonols from Red Grape Skins. 25876850 6 38 theme cellular 1330:1337 arg1 location 1339:1346 cellular location 1330:1346 cellular location 1330:1346 The different behaviors observed between those two groups of polyphenol compounds could be due to different tissue and cellular location. 25876850 5 39 theme total 1059:1063 arg1 extractability 1074:1087 total flavonol extractability 1059:1087 total flavonol extractability 1059:1087 Flavonol extractability was not influenced by insoluble material contents; although some cell wall components presented a relationship with flavonol extractability, the presence of AG and mannans would decrease total flavonol extractability, whereas protein is positively related to total and major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives). 25876850 5 40 theme mannans 1036:1042 arg1 presence 1017:1024 the presence 1013:1024 the presence of AG and mannans 1013:1042 Flavonol extractability was not influenced by insoluble material contents; although some cell wall components presented a relationship with flavonol extractability, the presence of AG and mannans would decrease total flavonol extractability, whereas protein is positively related to total and major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives). 25876850 1 41 theme Wall 104:107 arg1 Composition 109:119 Cell Wall Composition 99:119 Cell Wall Composition 99:119 Relationship to Cell Wall Composition at Different Ripeness Stages. 25876850 3 42 theme cell 419:422 arg1 composition 429:439 cell wall composition 419:439 cell wall composition 419:439 Flavan-3-ol extractability is related to ripeness stage and also to cell wall composition, mainly to arabinogalactans (AG), mannans, rhamnogalacturonans-I (RG-I), homogalacturonans (HG), xyloglucans (XG), and total polysaccharides content, which are negatively correlated to flavan-3-ol extractability, whereas soluble solid content did not exert any influence on their extraction. 25876850 4 43 theme prodelphinidin 821:834 arg1 extraction 836:845 prodelphinidin extraction 821:845 prodelphinidin extraction 821:845 Moreover, procyanidin extraction is more strongly related to cell wall composition than prodelphinidin extraction. 25876850 3 44 dep arabinogalactans 452:467 arg1 content 582:588 content 582:588 content 582:588 Flavan-3-ol extractability is related to ripeness stage and also to cell wall composition, mainly to arabinogalactans (AG), mannans, rhamnogalacturonans-I (RG-I), homogalacturonans (HG), xyloglucans (XG), and total polysaccharides content, which are negatively correlated to flavan-3-ol extractability, whereas soluble solid content did not exert any influence on their extraction. 25876850 5 45 theme quercetin 1173:1181 arg1 derivatives 1197:1207 quercetin and myricetin derivatives 1173:1207 quercetin and myricetin derivatives 1173:1207 Flavonol extractability was not influenced by insoluble material contents; although some cell wall components presented a relationship with flavonol extractability, the presence of AG and mannans would decrease total flavonol extractability, whereas protein is positively related to total and major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives). 25876850 5 45 theme quercetin 1173:1181 arg1 compounds 1156:1164 major flavonol compounds 1141:1164 major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives) 1141:1208 Flavonol extractability was not influenced by insoluble material contents; although some cell wall components presented a relationship with flavonol extractability, the presence of AG and mannans would decrease total flavonol extractability, whereas protein is positively related to total and major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives). 25876850 3 46 theme soluble 662:668 arg1 content 676:682 soluble solid content 662:682 soluble solid content 662:682 Flavan-3-ol extractability is related to ripeness stage and also to cell wall composition, mainly to arabinogalactans (AG), mannans, rhamnogalacturonans-I (RG-I), homogalacturonans (HG), xyloglucans (XG), and total polysaccharides content, which are negatively correlated to flavan-3-ol extractability, whereas soluble solid content did not exert any influence on their extraction. 25876850 2 47 theme ripeness 274:281 arg1 stages 283:288 different ripeness stages 264:288 different ripeness stages 264:288 Flavonol and flavan-3-ol extractabilities from red grape skins were evaluated in Tempranillo grapes harvested at different ripeness stages and with different soluble solid contents within each stage. 25876850 4 48 theme cell 794:797 arg1 composition 804:814 cell wall composition 794:814 cell wall composition 794:814 Moreover, procyanidin extraction is more strongly related to cell wall composition than prodelphinidin extraction. 25876850 5 49 with relationship 970:981 arg1 extractability 997:1010 flavonol extractability 988:1010 flavonol extractability 988:1010 Flavonol extractability was not influenced by insoluble material contents; although some cell wall components presented a relationship with flavonol extractability, the presence of AG and mannans would decrease total flavonol extractability, whereas protein is positively related to total and major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives). 25876850 2 50 theme grape 202:206 arg1 skins 208:212 red grape skins 198:212 red grape skins 198:212 Flavonol and flavan-3-ol extractabilities from red grape skins were evaluated in Tempranillo grapes harvested at different ripeness stages and with different soluble solid contents within each stage. 25876850 2 51 theme different 264:272 arg1 stages 283:288 different ripeness stages 264:288 different ripeness stages 264:288 Flavonol and flavan-3-ol extractabilities from red grape skins were evaluated in Tempranillo grapes harvested at different ripeness stages and with different soluble solid contents within each stage. 25876850 1 52 theme Different 124:132 arg1 Stages 143:148 Different Ripeness Stages 124:148 Different Ripeness Stages 124:148 Relationship to Cell Wall Composition at Different Ripeness Stages. 25876850 0 53 theme Red 66:68 arg1 Skins 76:80 Red Grape Skins 66:80 Red Grape Skins 66:80 Extractability of Low Molecular Mass Flavanols and Flavonols from Red Grape Skins. 25876850 2 54 theme red 198:200 arg1 skins 208:212 red grape skins 198:212 red grape skins 198:212 Flavonol and flavan-3-ol extractabilities from red grape skins were evaluated in Tempranillo grapes harvested at different ripeness stages and with different soluble solid contents within each stage. 25876850 1 55 theme Ripeness 134:141 arg1 Stages 143:148 Different Ripeness Stages 124:148 Different Ripeness Stages 124:148 Relationship to Cell Wall Composition at Different Ripeness Stages. 25876850 3 56 theme Flavan-3-ol 351:361 arg1 extractability 363:376 Flavan-3-ol extractability 351:376 Flavan-3-ol extractability 351:376 Flavan-3-ol extractability is related to ripeness stage and also to cell wall composition, mainly to arabinogalactans (AG), mannans, rhamnogalacturonans-I (RG-I), homogalacturonans (HG), xyloglucans (XG), and total polysaccharides content, which are negatively correlated to flavan-3-ol extractability, whereas soluble solid content did not exert any influence on their extraction. 25876850 5 57 dep derivatives 1197:1207 arg1 i.e. 1167:1170 i.e. 1167:1170 i.e. 1167:1170 Flavonol extractability was not influenced by insoluble material contents; although some cell wall components presented a relationship with flavonol extractability, the presence of AG and mannans would decrease total flavonol extractability, whereas protein is positively related to total and major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives). 25876850 5 58 theme insoluble 894:902 arg1 contents 913:920 insoluble material contents 894:920 insoluble material contents 894:920 Flavonol extractability was not influenced by insoluble material contents; although some cell wall components presented a relationship with flavonol extractability, the presence of AG and mannans would decrease total flavonol extractability, whereas protein is positively related to total and major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives). 25352425 3 0 theme tetrapeptide 641:652 arg1 KDEL 654:657 the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL 624:657 the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL 624:657 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 25352425 3 0 theme tetrapeptide 641:652 arg1 sequence 709:716 an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence 669:716 an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence 669:716 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 25352425 3 1 link N-linked 502:509 arg1 processing 518:527 N-linked glycan processing 502:527 N-linked glycan processing 502:527 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 25352425 2 2 theme micromolar 283:292 arg1 range 294:298 the micromolar range 279:298 the micromolar range for both isozymes 279:316 Their IC50 values were measured in vitro against α-glucosidases I and II and were found to be in the micromolar range for both isozymes, and better than that of the iminosugar NB-DNJ (miglustat, 3) against α-glucosidase II. 25352425 4 3 theme % 859:859 arg1 activity 861:868 13 % activity 856:868 13 % activity 856:868 In low inhibitor washout studies, NB-DNJ inhibition was decreased to zero after 24 h, but DNJ-KDEL retained 13 % activity. 25352425 3 4 theme endoplasmic 672:682 arg1 ER 695:696 ER 695:696 ER 695:696 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 25352425 3 4 theme endoplasmic 672:682 arg1 reticulum 684:692 an endoplasmic reticulum 669:692 an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence 669:716 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 25352425 6 5 theme new 1001:1003 arg1 iminosugars 1005:1015 new iminosugars 1001:1015 new iminosugars of increased potency 1001:1036 Moreover, it is modular, so as new iminosugars of increased potency are discovered, they can be added to this template for targeting. 25352425 3 6 theme reticulum 684:692 arg1 KDEL 654:657 the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL 624:657 the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL 624:657 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 25352425 3 6 theme reticulum 684:692 arg1 sequence 709:716 an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence 669:716 an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence 669:716 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 25352425 3 7 theme N-linked 502:509 arg1 processing 518:527 N-linked glycan processing 502:527 N-linked glycan processing 502:527 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 25352425 3 8 theme Cell-based 406:415 arg1 studies 417:423 Cell-based studies 406:423 Cell-based studies 406:423 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 25352425 3 9 theme glycan 511:516 arg1 processing 518:527 N-linked glycan processing 502:527 N-linked glycan processing 502:527 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 25352425 0 10 theme 1-deoxynojirimycin 10:27 arg1 peptides 43:50 Synthetic 1-deoxynojirimycin N-substituted peptides 0:50 Synthetic 1-deoxynojirimycin N-substituted peptides 0:50 Synthetic 1-deoxynojirimycin N-substituted peptides offer prolonged disruption to N-linked glycan processing. 25352425 0 11 theme Synthetic 0:8 arg1 peptides 43:50 Synthetic 1-deoxynojirimycin N-substituted peptides 0:50 Synthetic 1-deoxynojirimycin N-substituted peptides 0:50 Synthetic 1-deoxynojirimycin N-substituted peptides offer prolonged disruption to N-linked glycan processing. 25352425 4 12 theme NB-DNJ 782:787 arg1 inhibition 789:798 NB-DNJ inhibition 782:798 NB-DNJ inhibition 782:798 In low inhibitor washout studies, NB-DNJ inhibition was decreased to zero after 24 h, but DNJ-KDEL retained 13 % activity. 25352425 3 13 theme -retaining 698:707 arg1 KDEL 654:657 the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL 624:657 the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL 624:657 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 25352425 3 13 theme -retaining 698:707 arg1 sequence 709:716 an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence 669:716 an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence 669:716 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 25352425 3 14 theme short-term 533:542 arg1 incubations 544:554 short-term incubations 533:554 short-term incubations (one day) 533:564 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 25352425 3 14 theme short-term 533:542 arg1 day 561:563 one day 557:563 one day 557:563 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 25352425 0 15 theme N-substituted 29:41 arg1 peptides 43:50 Synthetic 1-deoxynojirimycin N-substituted peptides 0:50 Synthetic 1-deoxynojirimycin N-substituted peptides 0:50 Synthetic 1-deoxynojirimycin N-substituted peptides offer prolonged disruption to N-linked glycan processing. 25352425 6 16 theme potency 1030:1036 arg1 iminosugars 1005:1015 new iminosugars 1001:1015 new iminosugars of increased potency 1001:1036 Moreover, it is modular, so as new iminosugars of increased potency are discovered, they can be added to this template for targeting. 25352425 1 17 theme peptides 155:162 arg1 panel 112:116 A panel 110:116 A panel of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) N-linked peptides 110:162 A panel of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) N-linked peptides were synthesized. 25352425 0 18 theme prolonged 58:66 arg1 disruption 68:77 prolonged disruption 58:77 prolonged disruption 58:77 Synthetic 1-deoxynojirimycin N-substituted peptides offer prolonged disruption to N-linked glycan processing. 25352425 4 19 theme 13 856:857 arg1 % 859:859 % 859:859 % 859:859 In low inhibitor washout studies, NB-DNJ inhibition was decreased to zero after 24 h, but DNJ-KDEL retained 13 % activity. 25352425 4 20 theme low 751:753 arg1 studies 773:779 low inhibitor washout studies 751:779 low inhibitor washout studies 751:779 In low inhibitor washout studies, NB-DNJ inhibition was decreased to zero after 24 h, but DNJ-KDEL retained 13 % activity. 25352425 2 21 theme IC50 188:191 arg1 values 193:198 Their IC50 values 182:198 Their IC50 values 182:198 Their IC50 values were measured in vitro against α-glucosidases I and II and were found to be in the micromolar range for both isozymes, and better than that of the iminosugar NB-DNJ (miglustat, 3) against α-glucosidase II. 25352425 2 22 theme 3 377:377 arg1 miglustat 366:374 miglustat 366:374 miglustat 366:374 Their IC50 values were measured in vitro against α-glucosidases I and II and were found to be in the micromolar range for both isozymes, and better than that of the iminosugar NB-DNJ (miglustat, 3) against α-glucosidase II. 25352425 4 23 theme washout 765:771 arg1 studies 773:779 low inhibitor washout studies 751:779 low inhibitor washout studies 751:779 In low inhibitor washout studies, NB-DNJ inhibition was decreased to zero after 24 h, but DNJ-KDEL retained 13 % activity. 25352425 6 24 theme increased 1020:1028 arg1 potency 1030:1036 increased potency 1020:1036 increased potency 1020:1036 Moreover, it is modular, so as new iminosugars of increased potency are discovered, they can be added to this template for targeting. 25352425 1 25 link N-linked 146:153 arg1 peptides 155:162 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) N-linked peptides 121:162 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) N-linked peptides 121:162 A panel of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) N-linked peptides were synthesized. 25352425 3 26 theme DNJ 628:630 arg1 KDEL 654:657 the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL 624:657 the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL 624:657 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 25352425 3 26 theme DNJ 628:630 arg1 sequence 709:716 an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence 669:716 an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence 669:716 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 25352425 4 27 theme inhibitor 755:763 arg1 studies 773:779 low inhibitor washout studies 751:779 low inhibitor washout studies 751:779 In low inhibitor washout studies, NB-DNJ inhibition was decreased to zero after 24 h, but DNJ-KDEL retained 13 % activity. 25352425 3 28 theme N-linked 632:639 arg1 KDEL 654:657 the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL 624:657 the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL 624:657 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 25352425 3 28 theme N-linked 632:639 arg1 sequence 709:716 an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence 669:716 an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence 669:716 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 25352425 0 29 link N-linked 82:89 arg1 processing 98:107 N-linked glycan processing 82:107 N-linked glycan processing 82:107 Synthetic 1-deoxynojirimycin N-substituted peptides offer prolonged disruption to N-linked glycan processing. 25352425 3 30 theme free 452:455 arg1 effective 478:486 effective 478:486 effective 478:486 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 25352425 3 30 theme free 452:455 arg1 iminosugar 457:466 the free iminosugar 3 448:468 the free iminosugar 3 448:468 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 25352425 5 31 theme general 892:898 arg1 approach 900:907 a general approach 890:907 a general approach for targeting drugs to the ER and prolonging their activity 890:967 This method offers a general approach for targeting drugs to the ER and prolonging their activity. 25352425 2 32 dep NB-DNJ 358:363 arg1 miglustat 366:374 miglustat 366:374 miglustat 366:374 Their IC50 values were measured in vitro against α-glucosidases I and II and were found to be in the micromolar range for both isozymes, and better than that of the iminosugar NB-DNJ (miglustat, 3) against α-glucosidase II. 25352425 1 33 theme N-linked 146:153 arg1 peptides 155:162 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) N-linked peptides 121:162 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) N-linked peptides 121:162 A panel of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) N-linked peptides were synthesized. 25352425 0 34 theme glycan 91:96 arg1 processing 98:107 N-linked glycan processing 82:107 N-linked glycan processing 82:107 Synthetic 1-deoxynojirimycin N-substituted peptides offer prolonged disruption to N-linked glycan processing. 25352425 2 35 theme iminosugar 347:356 arg1 NB-DNJ 358:363 the iminosugar NB-DNJ 343:363 the iminosugar NB-DNJ (miglustat, 3) against α-glucosidase II 343:403 Their IC50 values were measured in vitro against α-glucosidases I and II and were found to be in the micromolar range for both isozymes, and better than that of the iminosugar NB-DNJ (miglustat, 3) against α-glucosidase II. 25352425 3 36 link N-linked 632:639 arg1 KDEL 654:657 the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL 624:657 the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL 624:657 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 25352425 3 36 link N-linked 632:639 arg1 sequence 709:716 an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence 669:716 an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence 669:716 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 25352425 0 37 theme N-linked 82:89 arg1 processing 98:107 N-linked glycan processing 82:107 N-linked glycan processing 82:107 Synthetic 1-deoxynojirimycin N-substituted peptides offer prolonged disruption to N-linked glycan processing. 25352425 3 38 theme cell-based 576:585 arg1 studies 587:593 the cell-based studies 572:593 the cell-based studies 572:593 Cell-based studies revealed that although the free iminosugar 3 is most effective at disrupting N-linked glycan processing for short-term incubations (one day), when the cell-based studies were extended to three days, the DNJ N-linked tetrapeptide KDEL, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retaining sequence, performed far better than 3. 28301605 0 0 theme PTEN/PI3K/AKT 93:105 arg1 pathway 107:113 PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway 93:113 PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in lung cancer cells 93:134 OCF can repress tumor metastasis by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition involved in PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in lung cancer cells. 28301605 3 1 from minimization 615:626 arg1 cells 598:602 lung cancer A549 cells 581:602 lung cancer A549 cells 581:602 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 3 1 from minimization 615:626 arg1 cells 658:662 human bronchial epithelial cells 631:662 human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro 631:671 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 1 2 theme definite 162:169 arg1 compositions 171:182 definite compositions 162:182 definite compositions 162:182 A component formula with definite compositions provides a new approach to treat various diseases. 28301605 7 3 theme PTEN/PI3K/AKT 1281:1293 arg1 pathway 1305:1311 PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway 1281:1311 PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway 1281:1311 Therefore, all studies revealed that OCF could prevent cancer progression and tumor metastasis by inhibiting EMT involved PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in lung cancer cells. 28301605 3 4 theme human 631:635 arg1 cells 658:662 human bronchial epithelial cells 631:662 human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro 631:671 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 4 5 from effect 726:731 arg1 migration 753:761 A549 cell migration 743:761 A549 cell migration 743:761 Currently, we also have demonstrated the inhibitory effect of OCF on A549 cell migration and invasion in vitro. 28301605 4 5 from effect 726:731 arg1 invasion 767:774 invasion 767:774 invasion 767:774 Currently, we also have demonstrated the inhibitory effect of OCF on A549 cell migration and invasion in vitro. 28301605 3 6 theme bronchial 637:645 arg1 cells 658:662 human bronchial epithelial cells 631:662 human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro 631:671 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 1 7 with formula 149:155 arg1 compositions 171:182 definite compositions 162:182 definite compositions 162:182 A component formula with definite compositions provides a new approach to treat various diseases. 28301605 5 8 theme anti-metastasis 932:946 arg1 related 978:984 related 978:984 related 978:984 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 5 8 theme anti-metastasis 932:946 arg1 effects 948:954 the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects 913:954 the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment 913:971 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 5 9 theme nude 877:880 arg1 mice 882:885 nude mice 877:885 nude mice 877:885 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 3 10 theme optimizing 364:373 arg1 OCF 394:396 OCF 394:396 OCF 394:396 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 3 10 theme optimizing 364:373 arg1 formula 385:391 the optimizing component formula 360:391 the optimizing component formula (OCF) 360:397 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 3 11 from basis 564:568 arg1 cells 598:602 lung cancer A549 cells 581:602 lung cancer A549 cells 581:602 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 3 11 from basis 564:568 arg1 cells 658:662 human bronchial epithelial cells 631:662 human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro 631:671 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 0 12 theme cancer 123:128 arg1 cells 130:134 lung cancer cells 118:134 lung cancer cells 118:134 OCF can repress tumor metastasis by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition involved in PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in lung cancer cells. 28301605 5 13 theme epithelial-mesenchymal 1007:1028 arg1 transition 1030:1039 epithelial-mesenchymal transition 1007:1039 epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) 1007:1045 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 5 13 theme epithelial-mesenchymal 1007:1028 arg1 EMT 1042:1044 EMT 1042:1044 EMT 1042:1044 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 7 14 theme signaling 1295:1303 arg1 pathway 1305:1311 PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway 1281:1311 PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway 1281:1311 Therefore, all studies revealed that OCF could prevent cancer progression and tumor metastasis by inhibiting EMT involved PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in lung cancer cells. 28301605 5 15 dep allograft 829:837 arg1 experiment 887:896 experiment 887:896 experiment 887:896 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 3 16 theme salvianolic 414:424 arg1 acids 426:430 salvianolic acids 414:430 salvianolic acids 414:430 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 0 17 theme lung 118:121 arg1 cells 130:134 lung cancer cells 118:134 lung cancer cells 118:134 OCF can repress tumor metastasis by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition involved in PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in lung cancer cells. 28301605 5 18 theme transition 1030:1039 arg1 inhibition 993:1002 the inhibition 989:1002 the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) 989:1045 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 4 19 theme inhibitory 715:724 arg1 effect 726:731 the inhibitory effect 711:731 the inhibitory effect of OCF on A549 cell migration and invasion 711:774 Currently, we also have demonstrated the inhibitory effect of OCF on A549 cell migration and invasion in vitro. 28301605 3 20 from IC50 573:576 arg1 cells 598:602 lung cancer A549 cells 581:602 lung cancer A549 cells 581:602 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 5 21 theme Lewis 799:803 arg1 LLC 824:826 LLC 824:826 LLC 824:826 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 5 21 theme Lewis 799:803 arg1 cells 817:821 Lewis lung cancer cells 799:821 Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice 799:853 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 6 22 theme PTEN/PI3K/AKT 1136:1148 arg1 pathway 1150:1156 the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway 1132:1156 the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway 1132:1156 Further studies showed that the inhibitory effect of OCF on EMT was associated with the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. 28301605 1 23 theme new 195:197 arg1 approach 199:206 a new approach 193:206 a new approach to treat various diseases 193:232 A component formula with definite compositions provides a new approach to treat various diseases. 28301605 0 24 from pathway 107:113 arg1 cells 130:134 lung cancer cells 118:134 lung cancer cells 118:134 OCF can repress tumor metastasis by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition involved in PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in lung cancer cells. 28301605 5 25 from allograft 829:837 arg1 mice 882:885 nude mice 877:885 nude mice 877:885 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 5 25 from allograft 829:837 arg1 mice 850:853 C57BL/6 mice 842:853 C57BL/6 mice 842:853 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 2 26 theme antitumor 315:323 arg1 properties 325:334 their antitumor properties 309:334 their antitumor properties 309:334 Salvia miltiorrhiza and Panax ginseng are widely used in China because of their antitumor properties. 28301605 5 27 theme cancer 810:815 arg1 LLC 824:826 LLC 824:826 LLC 824:826 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 5 27 theme cancer 810:815 arg1 cells 817:821 Lewis lung cancer cells 799:821 Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice 799:853 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 3 28 theme component 375:383 arg1 OCF 394:396 OCF 394:396 OCF 394:396 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 3 28 theme component 375:383 arg1 formula 385:391 the optimizing component formula 360:391 the optimizing component formula (OCF) 360:397 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 7 29 theme cancer 1321:1326 arg1 cells 1328:1332 lung cancer cells 1316:1332 lung cancer cells 1316:1332 Therefore, all studies revealed that OCF could prevent cancer progression and tumor metastasis by inhibiting EMT involved PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in lung cancer cells. 28301605 3 30 theme ginseng 451:457 arg1 polysaccharides 459:473 ginseng polysaccharides 451:473 ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) 451:509 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 5 31 theme A549 859:862 arg1 xenograft 864:872 A549 xenograft 859:872 A549 xenograft in nude mice 859:885 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 3 32 theme A549 593:596 arg1 cells 598:602 lung cancer A549 cells 581:602 lung cancer A549 cells 581:602 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 6 33 from effect 1091:1096 arg1 EMT 1108:1110 EMT 1108:1110 EMT 1108:1110 Further studies showed that the inhibitory effect of OCF on EMT was associated with the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. 28301605 5 34 theme anti-tumor 917:926 arg1 related 978:984 related 978:984 related 978:984 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 5 34 theme anti-tumor 917:926 arg1 effects 948:954 the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects 913:954 the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment 913:971 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 7 35 theme tumor 1237:1241 arg1 metastasis 1243:1252 tumor metastasis 1237:1252 tumor metastasis 1237:1252 Therefore, all studies revealed that OCF could prevent cancer progression and tumor metastasis by inhibiting EMT involved PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in lung cancer cells. 28301605 1 36 theme various 217:223 arg1 diseases 225:232 various diseases 217:232 various diseases 217:232 A component formula with definite compositions provides a new approach to treat various diseases. 28301605 5 37 theme lung 805:808 arg1 LLC 824:826 LLC 824:826 LLC 824:826 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 5 37 theme lung 805:808 arg1 cells 817:821 Lewis lung cancer cells 799:821 Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice 799:853 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 3 38 theme lung 581:584 arg1 cells 598:602 lung cancer A549 cells 581:602 lung cancer A549 cells 581:602 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 0 39 theme tumor 16:20 arg1 metastasis 22:31 tumor metastasis 16:31 tumor metastasis 16:31 OCF can repress tumor metastasis by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition involved in PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in lung cancer cells. 28301605 3 40 from cells 598:602 arg1 minimization 615:626 damage minimization 608:626 damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro 608:671 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 3 40 from cells 598:602 arg1 basis 564:568 the basis 560:568 the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells 560:602 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 0 41 theme epithelial-mesenchymal 47:68 arg1 transition 70:79 epithelial-mesenchymal transition 47:79 epithelial-mesenchymal transition involved in PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in lung cancer cells 47:134 OCF can repress tumor metastasis by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition involved in PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in lung cancer cells. 28301605 3 42 theme cancer 586:591 arg1 cells 598:602 lung cancer A549 cells 581:602 lung cancer A549 cells 581:602 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 2 43 theme Salvia 235:240 arg1 miltiorrhiza 242:253 Salvia miltiorrhiza 235:253 Salvia miltiorrhiza 235:253 Salvia miltiorrhiza and Panax ginseng are widely used in China because of their antitumor properties. 28301605 6 44 theme Further 1048:1054 arg1 studies 1056:1062 Further studies 1048:1062 Further studies 1048:1062 Further studies showed that the inhibitory effect of OCF on EMT was associated with the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. 28301605 3 45 from cells 658:662 arg1 vitro 667:671 vitro 667:671 vitro 667:671 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 5 46 theme OCF 959:961 arg1 treatment 963:971 OCF treatment 959:971 OCF treatment 959:971 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 5 47 from xenograft 864:872 arg1 mice 882:885 nude mice 877:885 nude mice 877:885 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 5 47 from xenograft 864:872 arg1 mice 850:853 C57BL/6 mice 842:853 C57BL/6 mice 842:853 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 3 48 dep polysaccharides 459:473 arg1 mg·L-1 489:494 5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1 476:494 5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1 476:494 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 4 49 theme OCF 736:738 arg1 effect 726:731 the inhibitory effect 711:731 the inhibitory effect of OCF on A549 cell migration and invasion 711:774 Currently, we also have demonstrated the inhibitory effect of OCF on A549 cell migration and invasion in vitro. 28301605 3 50 theme IC50 573:576 arg1 minimization 615:626 damage minimization 608:626 damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro 608:671 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 3 50 theme IC50 573:576 arg1 basis 564:568 the basis 560:568 the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells 560:602 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 4 51 theme cell 748:751 arg1 migration 753:761 A549 cell migration 743:761 A549 cell migration 743:761 Currently, we also have demonstrated the inhibitory effect of OCF on A549 cell migration and invasion in vitro. 28301605 5 52 theme C57BL/6 842:848 arg1 mice 850:853 C57BL/6 mice 842:853 C57BL/6 mice 842:853 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 6 53 theme inhibitory 1080:1089 arg1 effect 1091:1096 the inhibitory effect 1076:1096 the inhibitory effect of OCF on EMT 1076:1110 Further studies showed that the inhibitory effect of OCF on EMT was associated with the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. 28301605 5 54 theme treatment 963:971 arg1 related 978:984 related 978:984 related 978:984 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 5 54 theme treatment 963:971 arg1 effects 948:954 the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects 913:954 the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment 913:971 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 6 55 theme OCF 1101:1103 arg1 effect 1091:1096 the inhibitory effect 1076:1096 the inhibitory effect of OCF on EMT 1076:1110 Further studies showed that the inhibitory effect of OCF on EMT was associated with the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. 28301605 1 56 theme component 139:147 arg1 formula 149:155 A component formula 137:155 A component formula with definite compositions 137:182 A component formula with definite compositions provides a new approach to treat various diseases. 28301605 3 57 theme damage 608:613 arg1 minimization 615:626 damage minimization 608:626 damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro 608:671 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 4 58 theme A549 743:746 arg1 migration 753:761 A549 cell migration 743:761 A549 cell migration 743:761 Currently, we also have demonstrated the inhibitory effect of OCF on A549 cell migration and invasion in vitro. 28301605 7 59 theme cancer 1214:1219 arg1 progression 1221:1231 cancer progression 1214:1231 cancer progression 1214:1231 Therefore, all studies revealed that OCF could prevent cancer progression and tumor metastasis by inhibiting EMT involved PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in lung cancer cells. 28301605 5 60 theme cells 817:821 arg1 allograft 829:837 Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft 799:837 Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice 799:853 According to Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) allograft in C57BL/6 mice and A549 xenograft in nude mice experiment, we found that the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of OCF treatment were related to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). 28301605 7 61 dep pathway 1305:1311 arg1 cells 1328:1332 lung cancer cells 1316:1332 lung cancer cells 1316:1332 Therefore, all studies revealed that OCF could prevent cancer progression and tumor metastasis by inhibiting EMT involved PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in lung cancer cells. 28301605 3 62 theme previous 344:351 arg1 study 353:357 the previous study 340:357 the previous study 340:357 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 3 63 theme epithelial 647:656 arg1 cells 658:662 human bronchial epithelial cells 631:662 human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro 631:671 In the previous study, the optimizing component formula (OCF), prepared with salvianolic acids, ginsenosides, and ginseng polysaccharides (5, 10, and 5 mg·L-1, respectively) extracted from S. miltiorrhiza and P. ginseng on the basis of IC50 in lung cancer A549 cells and damage minimization on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 28301605 2 64 theme Panax 259:263 arg1 ginseng 265:271 Panax ginseng 259:271 Panax ginseng 259:271 Salvia miltiorrhiza and Panax ginseng are widely used in China because of their antitumor properties. 28301605 2 65 used used 284:287 arg2 ginseng 265:271 Panax ginseng 259:271 Panax ginseng 259:271 Salvia miltiorrhiza and Panax ginseng are widely used in China because of their antitumor properties. 28301605 2 65 used used 284:287 arg2 miltiorrhiza 242:253 Salvia miltiorrhiza 235:253 Salvia miltiorrhiza 235:253 Salvia miltiorrhiza and Panax ginseng are widely used in China because of their antitumor properties. 28301605 7 66 theme lung 1316:1319 arg1 cells 1328:1332 lung cancer cells 1316:1332 lung cancer cells 1316:1332 Therefore, all studies revealed that OCF could prevent cancer progression and tumor metastasis by inhibiting EMT involved PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in lung cancer cells. 28765847 8 0 theme human 1191:1195 arg1 serum 1197:1201 only 10 μL human serum 1180:1201 only 10 μL human serum 1180:1201 Moreover, N-linked glycopeptides were easily enriched by this material from only 10 μL human serum, which demonstrated its potential in pretreatment of complex biological samples. 28765847 8 1 theme μL 1188:1189 arg1 serum 1197:1201 only 10 μL human serum 1180:1201 only 10 μL human serum 1180:1201 Moreover, N-linked glycopeptides were easily enriched by this material from only 10 μL human serum, which demonstrated its potential in pretreatment of complex biological samples. 28765847 8 2 from potential 1227:1235 arg1 pretreatment 1240:1251 pretreatment 1240:1251 pretreatment of complex biological samples 1240:1281 Moreover, N-linked glycopeptides were easily enriched by this material from only 10 μL human serum, which demonstrated its potential in pretreatment of complex biological samples. 28765847 3 3 theme glycopeptides 582:594 arg1 detection 569:577 the mass spectrometry detection 547:577 the mass spectrometry detection of glycopeptides 547:594 Using this material, interference from non-glycopeptides could be efficiently eliminated, which facilitated the mass spectrometry detection of glycopeptides. 28765847 4 4 theme IgG 663:665 arg1 digests 646:652 tryptic digests 638:652 tryptic digests of human IgG 638:665 By capturing N-linked glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human IgG, our method was proved to have high sensitivity at the femtomole level. 28765847 4 5 contain have 693:696 arg1 method 672:677 our method 668:677 our method 668:677 By capturing N-linked glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human IgG, our method was proved to have high sensitivity at the femtomole level. 28765847 4 5 contain have 693:696 arg2 sensitivity 703:713 high sensitivity 698:713 high sensitivity 698:713 By capturing N-linked glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human IgG, our method was proved to have high sensitivity at the femtomole level. 28765847 7 6 theme high 1056:1059 arg1 capacity 1069:1076 high binding capacity 1056:1076 high binding capacity (178 mg g-1, IgG/TpPa-1) 1056:1101 The ultra-low mass density and abundant binding sites also provided it with high binding capacity (178 mg g-1, IgG/TpPa-1). 28765847 7 7 theme binding 1020:1026 arg1 sites 1028:1032 abundant binding sites 1011:1032 abundant binding sites 1011:1032 The ultra-low mass density and abundant binding sites also provided it with high binding capacity (178 mg g-1, IgG/TpPa-1). 28765847 2 8 theme paraphenylenediamine 314:333 arg1 reaction 268:275 the Schiff base reaction 252:275 the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine 252:333 In this paper, a covalent-organic framework called TpPa-1, synthesized by the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine, was first successfully utilized as a hydrophilic porous material for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28765847 7 9 dep capacity 1069:1076 arg1 IgG/TpPa-1 1091:1100 IgG/TpPa-1 1091:1100 IgG/TpPa-1 1091:1100 The ultra-low mass density and abundant binding sites also provided it with high binding capacity (178 mg g-1, IgG/TpPa-1). 28765847 7 9 dep capacity 1069:1076 arg1 g-1 1086:1088 178 mg g-1 1079:1088 178 mg g-1 1079:1088 The ultra-low mass density and abundant binding sites also provided it with high binding capacity (178 mg g-1, IgG/TpPa-1). 28765847 1 10 gly glycopeptides 120:132 arg2 glycopeptides 120:132 glycopeptides 120:132 glycopeptides 120:132 The enrichment of glycopeptides plays an important role in glycoproteomics. 28765847 3 11 theme spectrometry 556:567 arg1 detection 569:577 the mass spectrometry detection 547:577 the mass spectrometry detection of glycopeptides 547:594 Using this material, interference from non-glycopeptides could be efficiently eliminated, which facilitated the mass spectrometry detection of glycopeptides. 28765847 3 12 gly glycopeptides 582:594 arg2 glycopeptides 582:594 glycopeptides 582:594 glycopeptides 582:594 Using this material, interference from non-glycopeptides could be efficiently eliminated, which facilitated the mass spectrometry detection of glycopeptides. 28765847 8 13 theme biological 1264:1273 arg1 samples 1275:1281 complex biological samples 1256:1281 complex biological samples 1256:1281 Moreover, N-linked glycopeptides were easily enriched by this material from only 10 μL human serum, which demonstrated its potential in pretreatment of complex biological samples. 28765847 4 14 link N-linked 610:617 arg1 glycopeptides 619:631 N-linked glycopeptides 610:631 N-linked glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human IgG 610:665 By capturing N-linked glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human IgG, our method was proved to have high sensitivity at the femtomole level. 28765847 8 15 theme complex 1256:1262 arg1 samples 1275:1281 complex biological samples 1256:1281 complex biological samples 1256:1281 Moreover, N-linked glycopeptides were easily enriched by this material from only 10 μL human serum, which demonstrated its potential in pretreatment of complex biological samples. 28765847 6 16 theme covalent 873:880 arg1 bonds 882:886 the strong covalent bonds 862:886 the strong covalent bonds 862:886 Due to the strong covalent bonds, this material possessed good stability and could be repeatedly used for at least 10 times. 28765847 2 17 theme 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol 280:308 arg1 reaction 268:275 the Schiff base reaction 252:275 the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine 252:333 In this paper, a covalent-organic framework called TpPa-1, synthesized by the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine, was first successfully utilized as a hydrophilic porous material for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28765847 4 18 theme femtomole 722:730 arg1 level 732:736 the femtomole level 718:736 the femtomole level 718:736 By capturing N-linked glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human IgG, our method was proved to have high sensitivity at the femtomole level. 28765847 0 19 theme efficient 7:15 arg1 enrichment 17:26 Highly efficient enrichment 0:26 Highly efficient enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides 0:52 Highly efficient enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides using a hydrophilic covalent-organic framework. 28765847 2 20 link N-linked 405:412 arg1 enrichment 427:436 N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 405:436 N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 405:436 In this paper, a covalent-organic framework called TpPa-1, synthesized by the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine, was first successfully utilized as a hydrophilic porous material for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28765847 8 21 theme N-linked 1114:1121 arg1 glycopeptides 1123:1135 N-linked glycopeptides 1114:1135 N-linked glycopeptides 1114:1135 Moreover, N-linked glycopeptides were easily enriched by this material from only 10 μL human serum, which demonstrated its potential in pretreatment of complex biological samples. 28765847 6 22 theme strong 866:871 arg1 bonds 882:886 the strong covalent bonds 862:886 the strong covalent bonds 862:886 Due to the strong covalent bonds, this material possessed good stability and could be repeatedly used for at least 10 times. 28765847 8 23 gly glycopeptides 1123:1135 arg2 glycopeptides 1123:1135 N-linked glycopeptides 1114:1135 N-linked glycopeptides 1114:1135 Moreover, N-linked glycopeptides were easily enriched by this material from only 10 μL human serum, which demonstrated its potential in pretreatment of complex biological samples. 28765847 8 24 from serum 1197:1201 arg1 material 1166:1173 this material 1161:1173 this material from only 10 μL human serum, which demonstrated its potential in pretreatment of complex biological samples 1161:1281 Moreover, N-linked glycopeptides were easily enriched by this material from only 10 μL human serum, which demonstrated its potential in pretreatment of complex biological samples. 28765847 7 25 theme mass 994:997 arg1 density 999:1005 The ultra-low mass density 980:1005 The ultra-low mass density 980:1005 The ultra-low mass density and abundant binding sites also provided it with high binding capacity (178 mg g-1, IgG/TpPa-1). 28765847 5 26 gly non-glycopeptides 802:818 arg2 non-glycopeptides 802:818 non-glycopeptides 802:818 non-glycopeptides 802:818 And it showed superior selectivity for glycopeptides even when non-glycopeptides were 1000 times more concentrated. 28765847 4 27 from digests 646:652 arg1 glycopeptides 619:631 N-linked glycopeptides 610:631 N-linked glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human IgG 610:665 By capturing N-linked glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human IgG, our method was proved to have high sensitivity at the femtomole level. 28765847 4 28 theme tryptic 638:644 arg1 digests 646:652 tryptic digests 638:652 tryptic digests of human IgG 638:665 By capturing N-linked glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human IgG, our method was proved to have high sensitivity at the femtomole level. 28765847 0 29 link N-linked 31:38 arg1 glycopeptides 40:52 N-linked glycopeptides 31:52 N-linked glycopeptides 31:52 Highly efficient enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides using a hydrophilic covalent-organic framework. 28765847 4 30 theme human 657:661 arg1 IgG 663:665 human IgG 657:665 human IgG 657:665 By capturing N-linked glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human IgG, our method was proved to have high sensitivity at the femtomole level. 28765847 2 31 gly glycopeptide 414:425 arg2 glycopeptide 414:425 N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 405:436 N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 405:436 In this paper, a covalent-organic framework called TpPa-1, synthesized by the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine, was first successfully utilized as a hydrophilic porous material for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28765847 1 32 theme glycopeptides 120:132 arg1 enrichment 106:115 The enrichment 102:115 The enrichment of glycopeptides 102:132 The enrichment of glycopeptides plays an important role in glycoproteomics. 28765847 4 33 theme high 698:701 arg1 sensitivity 703:713 high sensitivity 698:713 high sensitivity 698:713 By capturing N-linked glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human IgG, our method was proved to have high sensitivity at the femtomole level. 28765847 0 34 theme glycopeptides 40:52 arg1 enrichment 17:26 Highly efficient enrichment 0:26 Highly efficient enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides 0:52 Highly efficient enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides using a hydrophilic covalent-organic framework. 28765847 6 35 contain possessed 903:911 arg2 stability 918:926 good stability 913:926 good stability 913:926 Due to the strong covalent bonds, this material possessed good stability and could be repeatedly used for at least 10 times. 28765847 6 35 contain possessed 903:911 arg1 material 894:901 this material 889:901 this material 889:901 Due to the strong covalent bonds, this material possessed good stability and could be repeatedly used for at least 10 times. 28765847 0 36 theme N-linked 31:38 arg1 glycopeptides 40:52 N-linked glycopeptides 31:52 N-linked glycopeptides 31:52 Highly efficient enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides using a hydrophilic covalent-organic framework. 28765847 4 37 theme N-linked 610:617 arg1 glycopeptides 619:631 N-linked glycopeptides 610:631 N-linked glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human IgG 610:665 By capturing N-linked glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human IgG, our method was proved to have high sensitivity at the femtomole level. 28765847 7 38 theme 178 1079:1081 arg1 mg 1083:1084 mg 1083:1084 mg 1083:1084 The ultra-low mass density and abundant binding sites also provided it with high binding capacity (178 mg g-1, IgG/TpPa-1). 28765847 8 39 theme samples 1275:1281 arg1 pretreatment 1240:1251 pretreatment 1240:1251 pretreatment of complex biological samples 1240:1281 Moreover, N-linked glycopeptides were easily enriched by this material from only 10 μL human serum, which demonstrated its potential in pretreatment of complex biological samples. 28765847 5 40 theme concentrated 841:852 arg1 times 830:834 1000 times 825:834 1000 times more concentrated 825:852 And it showed superior selectivity for glycopeptides even when non-glycopeptides were 1000 times more concentrated. 28765847 7 41 theme mg 1083:1084 arg1 IgG/TpPa-1 1091:1100 IgG/TpPa-1 1091:1100 IgG/TpPa-1 1091:1100 The ultra-low mass density and abundant binding sites also provided it with high binding capacity (178 mg g-1, IgG/TpPa-1). 28765847 7 41 theme mg 1083:1084 arg1 g-1 1086:1088 178 mg g-1 1079:1088 178 mg g-1 1079:1088 The ultra-low mass density and abundant binding sites also provided it with high binding capacity (178 mg g-1, IgG/TpPa-1). 28765847 2 42 theme porous 385:390 arg1 framework 212:220 a covalent-organic framework 193:220 a covalent-organic framework called TpPa-1, synthesized by the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine, 193:334 In this paper, a covalent-organic framework called TpPa-1, synthesized by the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine, was first successfully utilized as a hydrophilic porous material for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28765847 2 42 theme porous 385:390 arg1 material 392:399 a hydrophilic porous material 371:399 a hydrophilic porous material for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 371:436 In this paper, a covalent-organic framework called TpPa-1, synthesized by the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine, was first successfully utilized as a hydrophilic porous material for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28765847 6 43 used used 952:955 arg2 material 894:901 this material 889:901 this material 889:901 Due to the strong covalent bonds, this material possessed good stability and could be repeatedly used for at least 10 times. 28765847 7 44 theme abundant 1011:1018 arg1 sites 1028:1032 abundant binding sites 1011:1032 abundant binding sites 1011:1032 The ultra-low mass density and abundant binding sites also provided it with high binding capacity (178 mg g-1, IgG/TpPa-1). 28765847 5 45 gly glycopeptides 778:790 arg2 glycopeptides 778:790 glycopeptides 778:790 glycopeptides 778:790 And it showed superior selectivity for glycopeptides even when non-glycopeptides were 1000 times more concentrated. 28765847 2 46 theme hydrophilic 373:383 arg1 framework 212:220 a covalent-organic framework 193:220 a covalent-organic framework called TpPa-1, synthesized by the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine, 193:334 In this paper, a covalent-organic framework called TpPa-1, synthesized by the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine, was first successfully utilized as a hydrophilic porous material for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28765847 2 46 theme hydrophilic 373:383 arg1 material 392:399 a hydrophilic porous material 371:399 a hydrophilic porous material for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 371:436 In this paper, a covalent-organic framework called TpPa-1, synthesized by the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine, was first successfully utilized as a hydrophilic porous material for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28765847 3 47 gly non-glycopeptides 478:494 arg2 non-glycopeptides 478:494 non-glycopeptides 478:494 non-glycopeptides 478:494 Using this material, interference from non-glycopeptides could be efficiently eliminated, which facilitated the mass spectrometry detection of glycopeptides. 28765847 5 48 theme superior 753:760 arg1 selectivity 762:772 superior selectivity 753:772 superior selectivity for glycopeptides 753:790 And it showed superior selectivity for glycopeptides even when non-glycopeptides were 1000 times more concentrated. 28765847 1 49 theme important 143:151 arg1 role 153:156 an important role 140:156 an important role 140:156 The enrichment of glycopeptides plays an important role in glycoproteomics. 28765847 7 50 theme ultra-low 984:992 arg1 density 999:1005 The ultra-low mass density 980:1005 The ultra-low mass density 980:1005 The ultra-low mass density and abundant binding sites also provided it with high binding capacity (178 mg g-1, IgG/TpPa-1). 28765847 6 51 theme good 913:916 arg1 stability 918:926 good stability 913:926 good stability 913:926 Due to the strong covalent bonds, this material possessed good stability and could be repeatedly used for at least 10 times. 28765847 0 52 gly glycopeptides 40:52 arg2 glycopeptides 40:52 N-linked glycopeptides 31:52 N-linked glycopeptides 31:52 Highly efficient enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides using a hydrophilic covalent-organic framework. 28765847 3 53 from non-glycopeptides 478:494 arg1 interference 460:471 interference 460:471 interference from non-glycopeptides 460:494 Using this material, interference from non-glycopeptides could be efficiently eliminated, which facilitated the mass spectrometry detection of glycopeptides. 28765847 3 54 theme mass 551:554 arg1 spectrometry 556:567 mass spectrometry 551:567 the mass spectrometry detection of glycopeptides 547:594 Using this material, interference from non-glycopeptides could be efficiently eliminated, which facilitated the mass spectrometry detection of glycopeptides. 28765847 0 55 theme covalent-organic 74:89 arg1 framework 91:99 a hydrophilic covalent-organic framework 60:99 a hydrophilic covalent-organic framework 60:99 Highly efficient enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides using a hydrophilic covalent-organic framework. 28765847 2 56 theme covalent-organic 195:210 arg1 framework 212:220 a covalent-organic framework 193:220 a covalent-organic framework called TpPa-1, synthesized by the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine, 193:334 In this paper, a covalent-organic framework called TpPa-1, synthesized by the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine, was first successfully utilized as a hydrophilic porous material for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28765847 2 56 theme covalent-organic 195:210 arg1 material 392:399 a hydrophilic porous material 371:399 a hydrophilic porous material for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 371:436 In this paper, a covalent-organic framework called TpPa-1, synthesized by the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine, was first successfully utilized as a hydrophilic porous material for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28765847 2 57 theme base 263:266 arg1 reaction 268:275 the Schiff base reaction 252:275 the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine 252:333 In this paper, a covalent-organic framework called TpPa-1, synthesized by the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine, was first successfully utilized as a hydrophilic porous material for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28765847 7 58 theme binding 1061:1067 arg1 capacity 1069:1076 high binding capacity 1056:1076 high binding capacity (178 mg g-1, IgG/TpPa-1) 1056:1101 The ultra-low mass density and abundant binding sites also provided it with high binding capacity (178 mg g-1, IgG/TpPa-1). 28765847 2 59 theme glycopeptide 414:425 arg1 enrichment 427:436 N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 405:436 N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 405:436 In this paper, a covalent-organic framework called TpPa-1, synthesized by the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine, was first successfully utilized as a hydrophilic porous material for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28765847 2 60 used utilized 359:366 arg2 framework 212:220 a covalent-organic framework 193:220 a covalent-organic framework called TpPa-1, synthesized by the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine, 193:334 In this paper, a covalent-organic framework called TpPa-1, synthesized by the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine, was first successfully utilized as a hydrophilic porous material for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28765847 2 60 used utilized 359:366 arg2 material 392:399 a hydrophilic porous material 371:399 a hydrophilic porous material for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 371:436 In this paper, a covalent-organic framework called TpPa-1, synthesized by the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine, was first successfully utilized as a hydrophilic porous material for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28765847 0 61 theme hydrophilic 62:72 arg1 framework 91:99 a hydrophilic covalent-organic framework 60:99 a hydrophilic covalent-organic framework 60:99 Highly efficient enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides using a hydrophilic covalent-organic framework. 28765847 2 62 theme Schiff 256:261 arg1 reaction 268:275 the Schiff base reaction 252:275 the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine 252:333 In this paper, a covalent-organic framework called TpPa-1, synthesized by the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine, was first successfully utilized as a hydrophilic porous material for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28765847 4 63 gly glycopeptides 619:631 arg1 digests 646:652 tryptic digests 638:652 tryptic digests of human IgG 638:665 By capturing N-linked glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human IgG, our method was proved to have high sensitivity at the femtomole level. 28765847 4 63 gly glycopeptides 619:631 arg2 glycopeptides 619:631 N-linked glycopeptides 610:631 N-linked glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human IgG 610:665 By capturing N-linked glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human IgG, our method was proved to have high sensitivity at the femtomole level. 28765847 2 64 theme N-linked 405:412 arg1 enrichment 427:436 N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 405:436 N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 405:436 In this paper, a covalent-organic framework called TpPa-1, synthesized by the Schiff base reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine, was first successfully utilized as a hydrophilic porous material for N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28765847 8 65 link N-linked 1114:1121 arg1 glycopeptides 1123:1135 N-linked glycopeptides 1114:1135 N-linked glycopeptides 1114:1135 Moreover, N-linked glycopeptides were easily enriched by this material from only 10 μL human serum, which demonstrated its potential in pretreatment of complex biological samples. 28848567 4 0 theme cell 504:507 arg1 elongation 509:518 cell elongation 504:518 cell elongation 504:518 NH4+-mediated suppression of growth may be attributable to both repression of cell elongation and reduction of cell division. 28848567 7 1 contain has 880:882 arg1 thaliana 839:846 Arabidopsis thaliana 827:846 Arabidopsis thaliana using NH4+ as the sole N source 827:878 We found that Arabidopsis thaliana using NH4+ as the sole N source has smaller cells with relatively thicker cell walls. 28848567 7 1 contain has 880:882 arg2 cells 892:896 smaller cells 884:896 smaller cells 884:896 We found that Arabidopsis thaliana using NH4+ as the sole N source has smaller cells with relatively thicker cell walls. 28848567 9 2 theme blade 1068:1072 arg1 tissue 1074:1079 the leaf blade tissue 1059:1079 the leaf blade tissue 1059:1079 Consequently, the leaf blade tissue showed elevated tensile strength and indicated higher cell wall stiffness. 28848567 11 3 theme cell 1312:1315 arg1 proteins 1332:1339 cell wall modifying proteins 1312:1339 cell wall modifying proteins 1312:1339 Further, NH4+ toxicity was associated with altered activities of cell wall modifying proteins. 28848567 6 4 theme NH4+ 710:713 arg1 nutrition 715:723 NH4+ nutrition 710:723 NH4+ nutrition 710:723 Therefore, to understand how NH4+ nutrition may trigger growth retardation in plants, properties of their cell walls were analyzed. 28848567 13 5 theme peroxidases 1503:1513 arg1 activity 1481:1488 the higher activity 1470:1488 the higher activity of cell wall peroxidases 1470:1513 Additionally, the higher activity of cell wall peroxidases can lead to higher cross-linking of cell wall polymers. 28848567 6 6 theme walls 792:796 arg1 properties 767:776 properties 767:776 properties of their cell walls 767:796 Therefore, to understand how NH4+ nutrition may trigger growth retardation in plants, properties of their cell walls were analyzed. 28848567 15 7 theme decreased 1760:1768 arg1 expression 1770:1779 decreased expression 1760:1779 decreased expression of Feronia, a receptor-like kinase involved in the control of cell wall extension 1760:1861 The changes in cell wall composition were also indicated by decreased expression of Feronia, a receptor-like kinase involved in the control of cell wall extension. 28848567 9 8 theme tensile 1097:1103 arg1 strength 1105:1112 elevated tensile strength 1088:1112 elevated tensile strength 1088:1112 Consequently, the leaf blade tissue showed elevated tensile strength and indicated higher cell wall stiffness. 28848567 15 9 theme receptor-like 1795:1807 arg1 kinase 1809:1814 a receptor-like kinase 1793:1814 a receptor-like kinase involved in the control of cell wall extension 1793:1861 The changes in cell wall composition were also indicated by decreased expression of Feronia, a receptor-like kinase involved in the control of cell wall extension. 28848567 15 9 theme receptor-like 1795:1807 arg1 Feronia 1784:1790 Feronia 1784:1790 Feronia 1784:1790 The changes in cell wall composition were also indicated by decreased expression of Feronia, a receptor-like kinase involved in the control of cell wall extension. 28848567 9 10 theme higher 1128:1133 arg1 stiffness 1145:1153 higher cell wall stiffness 1128:1153 higher cell wall stiffness 1128:1153 Consequently, the leaf blade tissue showed elevated tensile strength and indicated higher cell wall stiffness. 28848567 13 11 theme cell 1493:1496 arg1 peroxidases 1503:1513 cell wall peroxidases 1493:1513 cell wall peroxidases 1493:1513 Additionally, the higher activity of cell wall peroxidases can lead to higher cross-linking of cell wall polymers. 28848567 11 12 theme NH4+ 1256:1259 arg1 toxicity 1261:1268 NH4+ toxicity 1256:1268 NH4+ toxicity 1256:1268 Further, NH4+ toxicity was associated with altered activities of cell wall modifying proteins. 28848567 9 13 theme wall 1140:1143 arg1 stiffness 1145:1153 higher cell wall stiffness 1128:1153 higher cell wall stiffness 1128:1153 Consequently, the leaf blade tissue showed elevated tensile strength and indicated higher cell wall stiffness. 28848567 10 14 from changes 1190:1196 arg1 polysaccharide 1201:1214 polysaccharide 1201:1214 polysaccharide 1201:1214 These changes might be related to changes in polysaccharide and ion content of cell walls. 28848567 6 15 from retardation 744:754 arg1 plants 759:764 plants 759:764 plants 759:764 Therefore, to understand how NH4+ nutrition may trigger growth retardation in plants, properties of their cell walls were analyzed. 28848567 12 16 dep lower 1346:1350 arg1 expression 1368:1377 expression 1368:1377 expression 1368:1377 The lower activity and/or expression of pectin hydrolyzing enzymes and expansins might limit cell wall expansion. 28848567 12 16 dep lower 1346:1350 arg1 activity 1352:1359 activity 1352:1359 activity 1352:1359 The lower activity and/or expression of pectin hydrolyzing enzymes and expansins might limit cell wall expansion. 28848567 14 17 theme NH4+-mediated 1584:1596 arg1 related 1622:1628 related 1622:1628 related 1622:1628 Overall, the NH4+-mediated inhibition of growth is related to a more rigid cell wall structure, which limits expansion of cells. 28848567 14 17 theme NH4+-mediated 1584:1596 arg1 inhibition 1598:1607 the NH4+-mediated inhibition 1580:1607 the NH4+-mediated inhibition of growth 1580:1617 Overall, the NH4+-mediated inhibition of growth is related to a more rigid cell wall structure, which limits expansion of cells. 28848567 5 18 theme cell 614:617 arg1 wall 619:622 the cell wall 610:622 the cell wall 610:622 The precondition for cell enlargement is the expansion of the cell wall, which requires the loosening of the cell wall polymers. 28848567 5 19 theme wall 666:669 arg1 polymers 671:678 the cell wall polymers 657:678 the cell wall polymers 657:678 The precondition for cell enlargement is the expansion of the cell wall, which requires the loosening of the cell wall polymers. 28848567 7 20 theme N 871:871 arg1 source 873:878 the sole N source 862:878 the sole N source 862:878 We found that Arabidopsis thaliana using NH4+ as the sole N source has smaller cells with relatively thicker cell walls. 28848567 7 20 theme N 871:871 arg1 NH4+ 854:857 NH4+ 854:857 NH4+ 854:857 We found that Arabidopsis thaliana using NH4+ as the sole N source has smaller cells with relatively thicker cell walls. 28848567 15 21 theme wall 1720:1723 arg1 composition 1725:1735 cell wall composition 1715:1735 cell wall composition 1715:1735 The changes in cell wall composition were also indicated by decreased expression of Feronia, a receptor-like kinase involved in the control of cell wall extension. 28848567 15 22 theme cell 1843:1846 arg1 extension 1853:1861 cell wall extension 1843:1861 cell wall extension 1843:1861 The changes in cell wall composition were also indicated by decreased expression of Feronia, a receptor-like kinase involved in the control of cell wall extension. 28848567 4 23 theme NH4+-mediated 426:438 arg1 suppression 440:450 NH4+-mediated suppression 426:450 NH4+-mediated suppression of growth 426:460 NH4+-mediated suppression of growth may be attributable to both repression of cell elongation and reduction of cell division. 28848567 2 24 theme source 214:219 arg1 composition 193:203 the composition 189:203 the composition of the N source 189:219 However, the composition of the N source is important, because excess of NH4+ promotes morphological disorders. 28848567 2 24 theme source 214:219 arg1 important 224:232 important 224:232 important 224:232 However, the composition of the N source is important, because excess of NH4+ promotes morphological disorders. 28848567 12 25 theme wall 1440:1443 arg1 expansion 1445:1453 cell wall expansion 1435:1453 cell wall expansion 1435:1453 The lower activity and/or expression of pectin hydrolyzing enzymes and expansins might limit cell wall expansion. 28848567 10 26 from content 1224:1230 arg1 polysaccharide 1201:1214 polysaccharide 1201:1214 polysaccharide 1201:1214 These changes might be related to changes in polysaccharide and ion content of cell walls. 28848567 0 27 theme Ammonium 61:68 arg1 Nutrition 70:78 Ammonium Nutrition 61:78 Ammonium Nutrition 61:78 Altered Cell Wall Plasticity Can Restrict Plant Growth under Ammonium Nutrition. 28848567 11 28 theme modifying 1322:1330 arg1 proteins 1332:1339 cell wall modifying proteins 1312:1339 cell wall modifying proteins 1312:1339 Further, NH4+ toxicity was associated with altered activities of cell wall modifying proteins. 28848567 3 29 theme serious 345:351 arg1 inhibition 360:369 serious growth inhibition 345:369 serious growth inhibition 345:369 Plants cultured on NH4+ as the sole N source exhibit serious growth inhibition, commonly referred to as "ammonium toxicity syndrome." 28848567 0 30 theme Altered 0:6 arg1 Plasticity 18:27 Altered Cell Wall Plasticity 0:27 Altered Cell Wall Plasticity 0:27 Altered Cell Wall Plasticity Can Restrict Plant Growth under Ammonium Nutrition. 28848567 3 31 dep " 424:424 arg1 exhibit 337:343 exhibit 337:343 exhibit serious growth inhibition, commonly referred to as "ammonium toxicity syndrome 337:422 Plants cultured on NH4+ as the sole N source exhibit serious growth inhibition, commonly referred to as "ammonium toxicity syndrome." 28848567 13 32 theme cell 1551:1554 arg1 polymers 1561:1568 cell wall polymers 1551:1568 cell wall polymers 1551:1568 Additionally, the higher activity of cell wall peroxidases can lead to higher cross-linking of cell wall polymers. 28848567 0 33 theme Wall 13:16 arg1 Plasticity 18:27 Altered Cell Wall Plasticity 0:27 Altered Cell Wall Plasticity 0:27 Altered Cell Wall Plasticity Can Restrict Plant Growth under Ammonium Nutrition. 28848567 14 34 theme cells 1693:1697 arg1 expansion 1680:1688 expansion 1680:1688 expansion of cells 1680:1697 Overall, the NH4+-mediated inhibition of growth is related to a more rigid cell wall structure, which limits expansion of cells. 28848567 1 35 theme inorganic 103:111 arg1 forms 113:117 inorganic forms 103:117 inorganic forms 103:117 Plants mainly utilize inorganic forms of nitrogen (N), such as nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+). 28848567 1 35 theme inorganic 103:111 arg1 ammonium 163:170 ammonium 163:170 ammonium (NH4+) 163:177 Plants mainly utilize inorganic forms of nitrogen (N), such as nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+). 28848567 1 35 theme inorganic 103:111 arg1 nitrate 144:150 nitrate 144:150 nitrate (NO3-) 144:157 Plants mainly utilize inorganic forms of nitrogen (N), such as nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+). 28848567 13 36 theme polymers 1561:1568 arg1 cross-linking 1534:1546 higher cross-linking 1527:1546 higher cross-linking of cell wall polymers 1527:1568 Additionally, the higher activity of cell wall peroxidases can lead to higher cross-linking of cell wall polymers. 28848567 8 37 theme main 968:971 arg1 cellulose 944:952 cellulose 944:952 cellulose 944:952 Moreover, cellulose, which is the main load-bearing polysaccharide revealed a denser assembly of microfibrils. 28848567 8 37 theme main 968:971 arg1 polysaccharide 986:999 the main load-bearing polysaccharide 964:999 the main load-bearing polysaccharide 964:999 Moreover, cellulose, which is the main load-bearing polysaccharide revealed a denser assembly of microfibrils. 28848567 3 38 theme sole 323:326 arg1 source 330:335 the sole N source 319:335 the sole N source 319:335 Plants cultured on NH4+ as the sole N source exhibit serious growth inhibition, commonly referred to as "ammonium toxicity syndrome." 28848567 10 39 theme cell 1235:1238 arg1 walls 1240:1244 cell walls 1235:1244 cell walls 1235:1244 These changes might be related to changes in polysaccharide and ion content of cell walls. 28848567 3 40 theme toxicity 406:413 arg1 syndrome 415:422 "ammonium toxicity syndrome 396:422 "ammonium toxicity syndrome 396:422 Plants cultured on NH4+ as the sole N source exhibit serious growth inhibition, commonly referred to as "ammonium toxicity syndrome." 28848567 0 41 theme Plant 42:46 arg1 Growth 48:53 Plant Growth 42:53 Plant Growth 42:53 Altered Cell Wall Plasticity Can Restrict Plant Growth under Ammonium Nutrition. 28848567 15 42 theme extension 1853:1861 arg1 control 1832:1838 the control 1828:1838 the control of cell wall extension 1828:1861 The changes in cell wall composition were also indicated by decreased expression of Feronia, a receptor-like kinase involved in the control of cell wall extension. 28848567 2 43 theme NH4+ 253:256 arg1 excess 243:248 excess 243:248 excess of NH4+ 243:256 However, the composition of the N source is important, because excess of NH4+ promotes morphological disorders. 28848567 12 44 theme hydrolyzing 1389:1399 arg1 enzymes 1401:1407 pectin hydrolyzing enzymes 1382:1407 pectin hydrolyzing enzymes 1382:1407 The lower activity and/or expression of pectin hydrolyzing enzymes and expansins might limit cell wall expansion. 28848567 14 45 theme cell 1646:1649 arg1 structure 1656:1664 a more rigid cell wall structure 1633:1664 a more rigid cell wall structure 1633:1664 Overall, the NH4+-mediated inhibition of growth is related to a more rigid cell wall structure, which limits expansion of cells. 28848567 4 46 theme cell 537:540 arg1 division 542:549 cell division 537:549 cell division 537:549 NH4+-mediated suppression of growth may be attributable to both repression of cell elongation and reduction of cell division. 28848567 5 47 theme cell 573:576 arg1 enlargement 578:588 cell enlargement 573:588 cell enlargement 573:588 The precondition for cell enlargement is the expansion of the cell wall, which requires the loosening of the cell wall polymers. 28848567 9 48 theme leaf 1063:1066 arg1 tissue 1074:1079 the leaf blade tissue 1059:1079 the leaf blade tissue 1059:1079 Consequently, the leaf blade tissue showed elevated tensile strength and indicated higher cell wall stiffness. 28848567 8 49 theme microfibrils 1031:1042 arg1 assembly 1019:1026 a denser assembly 1010:1026 a denser assembly of microfibrils 1010:1042 Moreover, cellulose, which is the main load-bearing polysaccharide revealed a denser assembly of microfibrils. 28848567 15 50 theme cell 1715:1718 arg1 composition 1725:1735 cell wall composition 1715:1735 cell wall composition 1715:1735 The changes in cell wall composition were also indicated by decreased expression of Feronia, a receptor-like kinase involved in the control of cell wall extension. 28848567 13 51 theme wall 1498:1501 arg1 peroxidases 1503:1513 cell wall peroxidases 1493:1513 cell wall peroxidases 1493:1513 Additionally, the higher activity of cell wall peroxidases can lead to higher cross-linking of cell wall polymers. 28848567 4 52 theme elongation 509:518 arg1 reduction 524:532 reduction 524:532 reduction of cell division 524:549 NH4+-mediated suppression of growth may be attributable to both repression of cell elongation and reduction of cell division. 28848567 4 52 theme elongation 509:518 arg1 repression 490:499 repression 490:499 repression of cell elongation 490:518 NH4+-mediated suppression of growth may be attributable to both repression of cell elongation and reduction of cell division. 28848567 11 53 theme altered 1290:1296 arg1 activities 1298:1307 altered activities 1290:1307 altered activities of cell wall modifying proteins 1290:1339 Further, NH4+ toxicity was associated with altered activities of cell wall modifying proteins. 28848567 2 54 theme morphological 267:279 arg1 disorders 281:289 morphological disorders 267:289 morphological disorders 267:289 However, the composition of the N source is important, because excess of NH4+ promotes morphological disorders. 28848567 9 55 theme elevated 1088:1095 arg1 strength 1105:1112 elevated tensile strength 1088:1112 elevated tensile strength 1088:1112 Consequently, the leaf blade tissue showed elevated tensile strength and indicated higher cell wall stiffness. 28848567 2 56 theme N 212:212 arg1 source 214:219 the N source 208:219 the N source 208:219 However, the composition of the N source is important, because excess of NH4+ promotes morphological disorders. 28848567 6 57 theme cell 787:790 arg1 walls 792:796 their cell walls 781:796 their cell walls 781:796 Therefore, to understand how NH4+ nutrition may trigger growth retardation in plants, properties of their cell walls were analyzed. 28848567 13 58 theme higher 1474:1479 arg1 activity 1481:1488 the higher activity 1470:1488 the higher activity of cell wall peroxidases 1470:1513 Additionally, the higher activity of cell wall peroxidases can lead to higher cross-linking of cell wall polymers. 28848567 15 59 theme Feronia 1784:1790 arg1 expression 1770:1779 decreased expression 1760:1779 decreased expression of Feronia, a receptor-like kinase involved in the control of cell wall extension 1760:1861 The changes in cell wall composition were also indicated by decreased expression of Feronia, a receptor-like kinase involved in the control of cell wall extension. 28848567 5 60 theme wall 619:622 arg1 precondition 556:567 The precondition 552:567 The precondition for cell enlargement 552:588 The precondition for cell enlargement is the expansion of the cell wall, which requires the loosening of the cell wall polymers. 28848567 5 60 theme wall 619:622 arg1 expansion 597:605 the expansion 593:605 the expansion 593:605 The precondition for cell enlargement is the expansion of the cell wall, which requires the loosening of the cell wall polymers. 28848567 14 61 theme growth 1612:1617 arg1 related 1622:1628 related 1622:1628 related 1622:1628 Overall, the NH4+-mediated inhibition of growth is related to a more rigid cell wall structure, which limits expansion of cells. 28848567 14 61 theme growth 1612:1617 arg1 inhibition 1598:1607 the NH4+-mediated inhibition 1580:1607 the NH4+-mediated inhibition of growth 1580:1617 Overall, the NH4+-mediated inhibition of growth is related to a more rigid cell wall structure, which limits expansion of cells. 28848567 7 62 theme thicker 914:920 arg1 walls 927:931 relatively thicker cell walls 903:931 relatively thicker cell walls 903:931 We found that Arabidopsis thaliana using NH4+ as the sole N source has smaller cells with relatively thicker cell walls. 28848567 7 63 theme cell 922:925 arg1 walls 927:931 relatively thicker cell walls 903:931 relatively thicker cell walls 903:931 We found that Arabidopsis thaliana using NH4+ as the sole N source has smaller cells with relatively thicker cell walls. 28848567 1 64 theme nitrogen 122:129 arg1 forms 113:117 inorganic forms 103:117 inorganic forms 103:117 Plants mainly utilize inorganic forms of nitrogen (N), such as nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+). 28848567 1 64 theme nitrogen 122:129 arg1 ammonium 163:170 ammonium 163:170 ammonium (NH4+) 163:177 Plants mainly utilize inorganic forms of nitrogen (N), such as nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+). 28848567 1 64 theme nitrogen 122:129 arg1 nitrate 144:150 nitrate 144:150 nitrate (NO3-) 144:157 Plants mainly utilize inorganic forms of nitrogen (N), such as nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+). 28848567 5 65 theme cell 661:664 arg1 polymers 671:678 the cell wall polymers 657:678 the cell wall polymers 657:678 The precondition for cell enlargement is the expansion of the cell wall, which requires the loosening of the cell wall polymers. 28848567 6 66 theme growth 737:742 arg1 retardation 744:754 growth retardation 737:754 growth retardation in plants 737:764 Therefore, to understand how NH4+ nutrition may trigger growth retardation in plants, properties of their cell walls were analyzed. 28848567 5 67 theme polymers 671:678 arg1 loosening 644:652 the loosening 640:652 the loosening of the cell wall polymers 640:678 The precondition for cell enlargement is the expansion of the cell wall, which requires the loosening of the cell wall polymers. 28848567 12 68 theme cell 1435:1438 arg1 expansion 1445:1453 cell wall expansion 1435:1453 cell wall expansion 1435:1453 The lower activity and/or expression of pectin hydrolyzing enzymes and expansins might limit cell wall expansion. 28848567 15 69 theme wall 1848:1851 arg1 extension 1853:1861 cell wall extension 1843:1861 cell wall extension 1843:1861 The changes in cell wall composition were also indicated by decreased expression of Feronia, a receptor-like kinase involved in the control of cell wall extension. 28848567 9 70 theme cell 1135:1138 arg1 stiffness 1145:1153 higher cell wall stiffness 1128:1153 higher cell wall stiffness 1128:1153 Consequently, the leaf blade tissue showed elevated tensile strength and indicated higher cell wall stiffness. 28848567 7 71 theme sole 866:869 arg1 source 873:878 the sole N source 862:878 the sole N source 862:878 We found that Arabidopsis thaliana using NH4+ as the sole N source has smaller cells with relatively thicker cell walls. 28848567 7 71 theme sole 866:869 arg1 NH4+ 854:857 NH4+ 854:857 NH4+ 854:857 We found that Arabidopsis thaliana using NH4+ as the sole N source has smaller cells with relatively thicker cell walls. 28848567 11 72 theme proteins 1332:1339 arg1 activities 1298:1307 altered activities 1290:1307 altered activities of cell wall modifying proteins 1290:1339 Further, NH4+ toxicity was associated with altered activities of cell wall modifying proteins. 28848567 7 73 theme smaller 884:890 arg1 cells 892:896 smaller cells 884:896 smaller cells 884:896 We found that Arabidopsis thaliana using NH4+ as the sole N source has smaller cells with relatively thicker cell walls. 28848567 11 74 theme wall 1317:1320 arg1 proteins 1332:1339 cell wall modifying proteins 1312:1339 cell wall modifying proteins 1312:1339 Further, NH4+ toxicity was associated with altered activities of cell wall modifying proteins. 28848567 0 75 theme Cell 8:11 arg1 Plasticity 18:27 Altered Cell Wall Plasticity 0:27 Altered Cell Wall Plasticity 0:27 Altered Cell Wall Plasticity Can Restrict Plant Growth under Ammonium Nutrition. 28848567 10 76 theme ion 1220:1222 arg1 content 1224:1230 ion content 1220:1230 ion content of cell walls 1220:1244 These changes might be related to changes in polysaccharide and ion content of cell walls. 28848567 3 77 theme growth 353:358 arg1 inhibition 360:369 serious growth inhibition 345:369 serious growth inhibition 345:369 Plants cultured on NH4+ as the sole N source exhibit serious growth inhibition, commonly referred to as "ammonium toxicity syndrome." 28848567 7 78 theme Arabidopsis 827:837 arg1 thaliana 839:846 Arabidopsis thaliana 827:846 Arabidopsis thaliana using NH4+ as the sole N source 827:878 We found that Arabidopsis thaliana using NH4+ as the sole N source has smaller cells with relatively thicker cell walls. 28848567 13 79 theme wall 1556:1559 arg1 polymers 1561:1568 cell wall polymers 1551:1568 cell wall polymers 1551:1568 Additionally, the higher activity of cell wall peroxidases can lead to higher cross-linking of cell wall polymers. 28848567 15 80 from changes 1704:1710 arg1 composition 1725:1735 cell wall composition 1715:1735 cell wall composition 1715:1735 The changes in cell wall composition were also indicated by decreased expression of Feronia, a receptor-like kinase involved in the control of cell wall extension. 28848567 8 81 theme load-bearing 973:984 arg1 cellulose 944:952 cellulose 944:952 cellulose 944:952 Moreover, cellulose, which is the main load-bearing polysaccharide revealed a denser assembly of microfibrils. 28848567 8 81 theme load-bearing 973:984 arg1 polysaccharide 986:999 the main load-bearing polysaccharide 964:999 the main load-bearing polysaccharide 964:999 Moreover, cellulose, which is the main load-bearing polysaccharide revealed a denser assembly of microfibrils. 28848567 4 82 theme growth 455:460 arg1 suppression 440:450 NH4+-mediated suppression 426:450 NH4+-mediated suppression of growth 426:460 NH4+-mediated suppression of growth may be attributable to both repression of cell elongation and reduction of cell division. 28848567 10 83 theme walls 1240:1244 arg1 content 1224:1230 ion content 1220:1230 ion content of cell walls 1220:1244 These changes might be related to changes in polysaccharide and ion content of cell walls. 28848567 10 83 theme walls 1240:1244 arg1 changes 1190:1196 changes 1190:1196 changes in polysaccharide 1190:1214 These changes might be related to changes in polysaccharide and ion content of cell walls. 28848567 3 84 theme N 328:328 arg1 source 330:335 the sole N source 319:335 the sole N source 319:335 Plants cultured on NH4+ as the sole N source exhibit serious growth inhibition, commonly referred to as "ammonium toxicity syndrome." 28848567 13 85 theme higher 1527:1532 arg1 cross-linking 1534:1546 higher cross-linking 1527:1546 higher cross-linking of cell wall polymers 1527:1568 Additionally, the higher activity of cell wall peroxidases can lead to higher cross-linking of cell wall polymers. 28848567 8 86 theme denser 1012:1017 arg1 assembly 1019:1026 a denser assembly 1010:1026 a denser assembly of microfibrils 1010:1042 Moreover, cellulose, which is the main load-bearing polysaccharide revealed a denser assembly of microfibrils. 28848567 3 87 theme ammonium 397:404 arg1 syndrome 415:422 "ammonium toxicity syndrome 396:422 "ammonium toxicity syndrome 396:422 Plants cultured on NH4+ as the sole N source exhibit serious growth inhibition, commonly referred to as "ammonium toxicity syndrome." 28848567 14 88 theme wall 1651:1654 arg1 structure 1656:1664 a more rigid cell wall structure 1633:1664 a more rigid cell wall structure 1633:1664 Overall, the NH4+-mediated inhibition of growth is related to a more rigid cell wall structure, which limits expansion of cells. 28848567 12 89 theme pectin 1382:1387 arg1 enzymes 1401:1407 pectin hydrolyzing enzymes 1382:1407 pectin hydrolyzing enzymes 1382:1407 The lower activity and/or expression of pectin hydrolyzing enzymes and expansins might limit cell wall expansion. 28848567 4 90 theme division 542:549 arg1 reduction 524:532 reduction 524:532 reduction of cell division 524:549 NH4+-mediated suppression of growth may be attributable to both repression of cell elongation and reduction of cell division. 28848567 4 90 theme division 542:549 arg1 repression 490:499 repression 490:499 repression of cell elongation 490:518 NH4+-mediated suppression of growth may be attributable to both repression of cell elongation and reduction of cell division. 28848567 14 91 theme rigid 1640:1644 arg1 structure 1656:1664 a more rigid cell wall structure 1633:1664 a more rigid cell wall structure 1633:1664 Overall, the NH4+-mediated inhibition of growth is related to a more rigid cell wall structure, which limits expansion of cells. 26969934 8 0 theme acid 1573:1576 arg1 parts 1555:1559 parts 1555:1559 parts of glutamic acid 1555:1576 N-linked conjugates lacked the characteristic fragments of S-linked conjugates and commonly produced fragments that retained parts of glutamic acid. 26969934 6 1 theme CYP 1203:1205 arg1 enzymes 1207:1213 recombinant human CYP enzymes 1185:1213 recombinant human CYP enzymes 1185:1213 Menthofuran was also incubated with recombinant human CYP enzymes and GSH to elucidate the CYPs responsible for the formation of the reactive metabolites. 26969934 2 2 theme P450 339:342 arg1 enzymes 350:356 cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes 328:356 cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to reactive metabolites, which may further react with glutathione to form S-linked and N-linked conjugates 328:463 It is bioactivated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to reactive metabolites, which may further react with glutathione to form S-linked and N-linked conjugates. 26969934 5 3 theme negative 1104:1111 arg1 polarities 1137:1146 the negative and positive ionization polarities 1100:1146 the negative and positive ionization polarities 1100:1146 Conjugates were searched with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/orbitrap MS and their MS/MS spectra were measured both in the negative and positive ionization polarities. 26969934 11 4 theme furan 2036:2040 arg1 moiety 2042:2047 a furan moiety 2034:2047 a furan moiety 2034:2047 This should be taken into account when setting up LC/MS/MS-based detection of glutathione conjugates to screen for reactive metabolites, at least for compounds with a furan moiety. 26969934 6 5 theme recombinant 1185:1195 arg1 enzymes 1207:1213 recombinant human CYP enzymes 1185:1213 recombinant human CYP enzymes 1185:1213 Menthofuran was also incubated with recombinant human CYP enzymes and GSH to elucidate the CYPs responsible for the formation of the reactive metabolites. 26969934 11 6 theme conjugates 1959:1968 arg1 detection 1934:1942 LC/MS/MS-based detection 1919:1942 LC/MS/MS-based detection of glutathione conjugates 1919:1968 This should be taken into account when setting up LC/MS/MS-based detection of glutathione conjugates to screen for reactive metabolites, at least for compounds with a furan moiety. 26969934 5 7 theme positive 1117:1124 arg1 polarities 1137:1146 the negative and positive ionization polarities 1100:1146 the negative and positive ionization polarities 1100:1146 Conjugates were searched with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/orbitrap MS and their MS/MS spectra were measured both in the negative and positive ionization polarities. 26969934 7 8 theme menthofuran 1335:1345 arg1 conjugates 1321:1330 Four GSH conjugates 1312:1330 Four GSH conjugates of menthofuran 1312:1345 RESULTS Four GSH conjugates of menthofuran were detected and identified as S- and N-linked conjugates based on MS/MS spectra. 26969934 7 8 theme menthofuran 1335:1345 arg1 conjugates 1395:1404 S- and N-linked conjugates 1379:1404 S- and N-linked conjugates based on MS/MS spectra 1379:1427 RESULTS Four GSH conjugates of menthofuran were detected and identified as S- and N-linked conjugates based on MS/MS spectra. 26969934 3 9 theme fragmentation 504:516 arg1 pathways 518:525 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways 466:525 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates 466:564 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates, and the differences to fragmentation of S-linked conjugates, have not been reported in the literature previously, although this information is essential to enable comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods covering the both types of conjugates. 26969934 3 10 theme comprehensive 730:742 arg1 methods 766:772 comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods 730:772 comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods covering the both types of conjugates 730:810 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates, and the differences to fragmentation of S-linked conjugates, have not been reported in the literature previously, although this information is essential to enable comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods covering the both types of conjugates. 26969934 3 11 theme conjugates 555:564 arg1 pathways 518:525 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways 466:525 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates 466:564 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates, and the differences to fragmentation of S-linked conjugates, have not been reported in the literature previously, although this information is essential to enable comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods covering the both types of conjugates. 26969934 3 11 theme conjugates 555:564 arg1 differences 575:585 the differences 571:585 the differences to fragmentation of S-linked conjugates 571:625 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates, and the differences to fragmentation of S-linked conjugates, have not been reported in the literature previously, although this information is essential to enable comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods covering the both types of conjugates. 26969934 7 12 dep RESULTS 1304:1310 arg1 identified 1365:1374 identified 1365:1374 identified as S- and N-linked conjugates based on MS/MS spectra 1365:1427 RESULTS Four GSH conjugates of menthofuran were detected and identified as S- and N-linked conjugates based on MS/MS spectra. 26969934 7 12 dep RESULTS 1304:1310 arg1 detected 1352:1359 detected 1352:1359 detected 1352:1359 RESULTS Four GSH conjugates of menthofuran were detected and identified as S- and N-linked conjugates based on MS/MS spectra. 26969934 9 13 theme more 1624:1627 arg1 conjugates 1633:1642 more GSH conjugates 1624:1642 more GSH conjugates 1624:1642 CYP1A2, 2B6 and 3A4 were observed to produce more GSH conjugates than other CYP isoforms. 26969934 6 14 theme responsible 1245:1255 arg1 CYPs 1240:1243 the CYPs 1236:1243 the CYPs responsible for the formation of the reactive metabolites 1236:1301 Menthofuran was also incubated with recombinant human CYP enzymes and GSH to elucidate the CYPs responsible for the formation of the reactive metabolites. 26969934 3 15 theme observed 537:544 arg1 conjugates 555:564 rarely observed N-linked conjugates 530:564 rarely observed N-linked conjugates 530:564 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates, and the differences to fragmentation of S-linked conjugates, have not been reported in the literature previously, although this information is essential to enable comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods covering the both types of conjugates. 26969934 12 16 theme Neutral 2050:2056 arg1 scanning 2063:2070 Neutral loss scanning 2050:2070 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 2050:2233 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 0 17 theme enzymes 132:138 arg1 analysis 26:33 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis 0:33 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran 0:103 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran and identification of P450 enzymes mediating their formation. 26969934 0 17 theme enzymes 132:138 arg1 identification 109:122 identification 109:122 identification of P450 enzymes 109:138 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran and identification of P450 enzymes mediating their formation. 26969934 9 18 theme other 1649:1653 arg1 isoforms 1659:1666 other CYP isoforms 1649:1666 other CYP isoforms 1649:1666 CYP1A2, 2B6 and 3A4 were observed to produce more GSH conjugates than other CYP isoforms. 26969934 5 19 dep polarities 1137:1146 arg1 both 1092:1095 both 1092:1095 both 1092:1095 Conjugates were searched with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/orbitrap MS and their MS/MS spectra were measured both in the negative and positive ionization polarities. 26969934 3 20 theme screening 756:764 arg1 methods 766:772 comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods 730:772 comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods covering the both types of conjugates 730:810 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates, and the differences to fragmentation of S-linked conjugates, have not been reported in the literature previously, although this information is essential to enable comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods covering the both types of conjugates. 26969934 3 21 theme S-linked 607:614 arg1 conjugates 616:625 S-linked conjugates 607:625 S-linked conjugates 607:625 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates, and the differences to fragmentation of S-linked conjugates, have not been reported in the literature previously, although this information is essential to enable comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods covering the both types of conjugates. 26969934 12 22 dep mode 2130:2133 arg1 scanning 2152:2159 scanning 2152:2159 scanning 2152:2159 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 0 23 theme glutathione 54:64 arg1 conjugates 66:75 S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates 38:75 S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran 38:103 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran and identification of P450 enzymes mediating their formation. 26969934 4 24 theme liver 901:905 arg1 fraction 910:917 a human liver S9 fraction 893:917 a human liver S9 fraction 893:917 METHODS (R)-(+)-Pulegone, (S)-(-)-pulegone, and menthofuran were incubated with a human liver S9 fraction with glutathione (GSH) as the trapping agent. 26969934 3 25 link N-linked 546:553 arg1 conjugates 555:564 rarely observed N-linked conjugates 530:564 rarely observed N-linked conjugates 530:564 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates, and the differences to fragmentation of S-linked conjugates, have not been reported in the literature previously, although this information is essential to enable comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods covering the both types of conjugates. 26969934 6 26 theme reactive 1282:1289 arg1 metabolites 1291:1301 the reactive metabolites 1278:1301 the reactive metabolites 1278:1301 Menthofuran was also incubated with recombinant human CYP enzymes and GSH to elucidate the CYPs responsible for the formation of the reactive metabolites. 26969934 5 27 theme /orbitrap 1041:1049 arg1 MS 1051:1052 ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/orbitrap MS 995:1052 ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/orbitrap MS 995:1052 Conjugates were searched with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/orbitrap MS and their MS/MS spectra were measured both in the negative and positive ionization polarities. 26969934 1 28 theme RATIONALE 167:175 arg1 Menthofuran 177:187 RATIONALE Menthofuran 167:187 RATIONALE Menthofuran 167:187 RATIONALE Menthofuran is a hepatotoxin and a major metabolite of pulegone, a monoterpene found in the essential oils of many mint species. 26969934 1 28 theme RATIONALE 167:175 arg1 hepatotoxin 194:204 a hepatotoxin 192:204 a hepatotoxin 192:204 RATIONALE Menthofuran is a hepatotoxin and a major metabolite of pulegone, a monoterpene found in the essential oils of many mint species. 26969934 11 29 theme LC/MS/MS-based 1919:1932 arg1 detection 1934:1942 LC/MS/MS-based detection 1919:1942 LC/MS/MS-based detection of glutathione conjugates 1919:1968 This should be taken into account when setting up LC/MS/MS-based detection of glutathione conjugates to screen for reactive metabolites, at least for compounds with a furan moiety. 26969934 5 30 theme ultra-performance 995:1011 arg1 chromatography 1020:1033 ultra-performance liquid chromatography 995:1033 ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/orbitrap MS 995:1052 Conjugates were searched with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/orbitrap MS and their MS/MS spectra were measured both in the negative and positive ionization polarities. 26969934 5 30 theme ultra-performance 995:1011 arg1 UPLC 1036:1039 UPLC 1036:1039 UPLC 1036:1039 Conjugates were searched with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/orbitrap MS and their MS/MS spectra were measured both in the negative and positive ionization polarities. 26969934 12 31 from scanning 2063:2070 arg1 mode 2130:2133 the positive ionization mode 2106:2133 the positive ionization mode 2106:2133 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 12 31 from scanning 2063:2070 arg1 loss 2147:2150 neutral loss 2139:2150 neutral loss 2139:2150 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 12 32 theme Da 2173:2174 arg1 mode 2130:2133 the positive ionization mode 2106:2133 the positive ionization mode 2106:2133 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 12 32 theme Da 2173:2174 arg1 loss 2147:2150 neutral loss 2139:2150 neutral loss 2139:2150 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 5 33 theme chromatography 1020:1033 arg1 MS 1051:1052 ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/orbitrap MS 995:1052 ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/orbitrap MS 995:1052 Conjugates were searched with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/orbitrap MS and their MS/MS spectra were measured both in the negative and positive ionization polarities. 26969934 11 34 with compounds 2019:2027 arg1 moiety 2042:2047 a furan moiety 2034:2047 a furan moiety 2034:2047 This should be taken into account when setting up LC/MS/MS-based detection of glutathione conjugates to screen for reactive metabolites, at least for compounds with a furan moiety. 26969934 12 35 from scanning 2210:2217 arg1 mode 2130:2133 the positive ionization mode 2106:2133 the positive ionization mode 2106:2133 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 12 35 from scanning 2210:2217 arg1 loss 2147:2150 neutral loss 2139:2150 neutral loss 2139:2150 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 10 36 link N-linked 1793:1800 arg1 conjugates 1802:1811 N-linked conjugates 1793:1811 N-linked conjugates that have distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts 1793:1866 CONLUSIONS Furans can form reactive aldehydes that react in Schiff-base fashion with the free glutamyl-amine of GSH to form N-linked conjugates that have distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts. 26969934 0 37 theme Tandem 0:5 arg1 analysis 26:33 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis 0:33 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran 0:103 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran and identification of P450 enzymes mediating their formation. 26969934 1 38 theme essential 269:277 arg1 oils 279:282 the essential oils 265:282 the essential oils of many mint species 265:303 RATIONALE Menthofuran is a hepatotoxin and a major metabolite of pulegone, a monoterpene found in the essential oils of many mint species. 26969934 12 39 theme neutral 2139:2145 arg1 loss 2147:2150 neutral loss 2139:2150 neutral loss 2139:2150 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 0 40 theme spectrometric 12:24 arg1 analysis 26:33 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis 0:33 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran 0:103 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran and identification of P450 enzymes mediating their formation. 26969934 2 41 theme N-linked 445:452 arg1 conjugates 454:463 S-linked and N-linked conjugates 432:463 S-linked and N-linked conjugates 432:463 It is bioactivated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to reactive metabolites, which may further react with glutathione to form S-linked and N-linked conjugates. 26969934 8 42 theme S-linked 1489:1496 arg1 conjugates 1498:1507 S-linked conjugates 1489:1507 S-linked conjugates 1489:1507 N-linked conjugates lacked the characteristic fragments of S-linked conjugates and commonly produced fragments that retained parts of glutamic acid. 26969934 1 43 theme mint 292:295 arg1 species 297:303 many mint species 287:303 many mint species 287:303 RATIONALE Menthofuran is a hepatotoxin and a major metabolite of pulegone, a monoterpene found in the essential oils of many mint species. 26969934 2 44 theme S-linked 432:439 arg1 conjugates 454:463 S-linked and N-linked conjugates 432:463 S-linked and N-linked conjugates 432:463 It is bioactivated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to reactive metabolites, which may further react with glutathione to form S-linked and N-linked conjugates. 26969934 10 45 theme GSH 1781:1783 arg1 glutamyl-amine 1763:1776 the free glutamyl-amine 1754:1776 the free glutamyl-amine of GSH to form N-linked conjugates that have distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts 1754:1866 CONLUSIONS Furans can form reactive aldehydes that react in Schiff-base fashion with the free glutamyl-amine of GSH to form N-linked conjugates that have distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts. 26969934 12 46 theme ionization 2119:2128 arg1 mode 2130:2133 the positive ionization mode 2106:2133 the positive ionization mode 2106:2133 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 2 47 theme cytochrome 328:337 arg1 CYP 345:347 CYP 345:347 CYP 345:347 It is bioactivated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to reactive metabolites, which may further react with glutathione to form S-linked and N-linked conjugates. 26969934 2 47 theme cytochrome 328:337 arg1 P450 339:342 cytochrome P450 328:342 cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to reactive metabolites, which may further react with glutathione to form S-linked and N-linked conjugates 328:463 It is bioactivated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to reactive metabolites, which may further react with glutathione to form S-linked and N-linked conjugates. 26969934 5 48 theme MS/MS 1064:1068 arg1 spectra 1070:1076 their MS/MS spectra 1058:1076 their MS/MS spectra 1058:1076 Conjugates were searched with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/orbitrap MS and their MS/MS spectra were measured both in the negative and positive ionization polarities. 26969934 8 49 theme produced 1522:1529 arg1 fragments 1531:1539 commonly produced fragments 1513:1539 commonly produced fragments 1513:1539 N-linked conjugates lacked the characteristic fragments of S-linked conjugates and commonly produced fragments that retained parts of glutamic acid. 26969934 10 50 link S-linked 1851:1858 arg1 adducts 1860:1866 S-linked adducts 1851:1866 S-linked adducts 1851:1866 CONLUSIONS Furans can form reactive aldehydes that react in Schiff-base fashion with the free glutamyl-amine of GSH to form N-linked conjugates that have distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts. 26969934 5 51 theme ionization 1126:1135 arg1 polarities 1137:1146 the negative and positive ionization polarities 1100:1146 the negative and positive ionization polarities 1100:1146 Conjugates were searched with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/orbitrap MS and their MS/MS spectra were measured both in the negative and positive ionization polarities. 26969934 7 52 theme MS/MS 1415:1419 arg1 spectra 1421:1427 MS/MS spectra 1415:1427 MS/MS spectra 1415:1427 RESULTS Four GSH conjugates of menthofuran were detected and identified as S- and N-linked conjugates based on MS/MS spectra. 26969934 12 53 theme Da 2100:2101 arg1 scanning 2063:2070 Neutral loss scanning 2050:2070 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 2050:2233 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 4 54 theme trapping 949:956 arg1 agent 958:962 the trapping agent 945:962 the trapping agent 945:962 METHODS (R)-(+)-Pulegone, (S)-(-)-pulegone, and menthofuran were incubated with a human liver S9 fraction with glutathione (GSH) as the trapping agent. 26969934 4 54 theme trapping 949:956 arg1 METHODS 813:819 METHODS 813:819 METHODS 813:819 METHODS (R)-(+)-Pulegone, (S)-(-)-pulegone, and menthofuran were incubated with a human liver S9 fraction with glutathione (GSH) as the trapping agent. 26969934 6 55 theme metabolites 1291:1301 arg1 formation 1265:1273 the formation 1261:1273 the formation of the reactive metabolites 1261:1301 Menthofuran was also incubated with recombinant human CYP enzymes and GSH to elucidate the CYPs responsible for the formation of the reactive metabolites. 26969934 3 56 theme mass 477:480 arg1 spectrometric 482:494 tandem mass spectrometric 470:494 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates 466:564 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates, and the differences to fragmentation of S-linked conjugates, have not been reported in the literature previously, although this information is essential to enable comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods covering the both types of conjugates. 26969934 3 56 theme mass 477:480 arg1 MS/MS 497:501 MS/MS 497:501 MS/MS 497:501 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates, and the differences to fragmentation of S-linked conjugates, have not been reported in the literature previously, although this information is essential to enable comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods covering the both types of conjugates. 26969934 7 57 theme N-linked 1386:1393 arg1 conjugates 1321:1330 Four GSH conjugates 1312:1330 Four GSH conjugates of menthofuran 1312:1345 RESULTS Four GSH conjugates of menthofuran were detected and identified as S- and N-linked conjugates based on MS/MS spectra. 26969934 7 57 theme N-linked 1386:1393 arg1 conjugates 1395:1404 S- and N-linked conjugates 1379:1404 S- and N-linked conjugates based on MS/MS spectra 1379:1427 RESULTS Four GSH conjugates of menthofuran were detected and identified as S- and N-linked conjugates based on MS/MS spectra. 26969934 10 58 contain have 1818:1821 arg2 spectra 1838:1844 distinct MS/MS spectra 1823:1844 distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts 1823:1866 CONLUSIONS Furans can form reactive aldehydes that react in Schiff-base fashion with the free glutamyl-amine of GSH to form N-linked conjugates that have distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts. 26969934 10 58 contain have 1818:1821 arg1 conjugates 1802:1811 N-linked conjugates 1793:1811 N-linked conjugates that have distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts 1793:1866 CONLUSIONS Furans can form reactive aldehydes that react in Schiff-base fashion with the free glutamyl-amine of GSH to form N-linked conjugates that have distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts. 26969934 8 59 theme glutamic 1564:1571 arg1 acid 1573:1576 glutamic acid 1564:1576 glutamic acid 1564:1576 N-linked conjugates lacked the characteristic fragments of S-linked conjugates and commonly produced fragments that retained parts of glutamic acid. 26969934 10 60 theme MS/MS 1832:1836 arg1 spectra 1838:1844 distinct MS/MS spectra 1823:1844 distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts 1823:1866 CONLUSIONS Furans can form reactive aldehydes that react in Schiff-base fashion with the free glutamyl-amine of GSH to form N-linked conjugates that have distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts. 26969934 6 61 theme human 1197:1201 arg1 enzymes 1207:1213 recombinant human CYP enzymes 1185:1213 recombinant human CYP enzymes 1185:1213 Menthofuran was also incubated with recombinant human CYP enzymes and GSH to elucidate the CYPs responsible for the formation of the reactive metabolites. 26969934 11 62 theme glutathione 1947:1957 arg1 conjugates 1959:1968 glutathione conjugates 1947:1968 glutathione conjugates 1947:1968 This should be taken into account when setting up LC/MS/MS-based detection of glutathione conjugates to screen for reactive metabolites, at least for compounds with a furan moiety. 26969934 12 63 from Da 2084:2085 arg1 mode 2130:2133 the positive ionization mode 2106:2133 the positive ionization mode 2106:2133 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 12 63 from Da 2084:2085 arg1 loss 2147:2150 neutral loss 2139:2150 neutral loss 2139:2150 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 7 64 theme S- 1379:1380 arg1 conjugates 1321:1330 Four GSH conjugates 1312:1330 Four GSH conjugates of menthofuran 1312:1345 RESULTS Four GSH conjugates of menthofuran were detected and identified as S- and N-linked conjugates based on MS/MS spectra. 26969934 7 64 theme S- 1379:1380 arg1 conjugates 1395:1404 S- and N-linked conjugates 1379:1404 S- and N-linked conjugates based on MS/MS spectra 1379:1427 RESULTS Four GSH conjugates of menthofuran were detected and identified as S- and N-linked conjugates based on MS/MS spectra. 26969934 8 65 link S-linked 1489:1496 arg1 conjugates 1498:1507 S-linked conjugates 1489:1507 S-linked conjugates 1489:1507 N-linked conjugates lacked the characteristic fragments of S-linked conjugates and commonly produced fragments that retained parts of glutamic acid. 26969934 0 66 link N-linked 45:52 arg1 conjugates 66:75 S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates 38:75 S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran 38:103 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran and identification of P450 enzymes mediating their formation. 26969934 12 67 theme loss 2058:2061 arg1 scanning 2063:2070 Neutral loss scanning 2050:2070 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 2050:2233 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 3 68 theme N-linked 546:553 arg1 conjugates 555:564 rarely observed N-linked conjugates 530:564 rarely observed N-linked conjugates 530:564 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates, and the differences to fragmentation of S-linked conjugates, have not been reported in the literature previously, although this information is essential to enable comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods covering the both types of conjugates. 26969934 12 69 from loss 2147:2150 arg1 scanning 2063:2070 Neutral loss scanning 2050:2070 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 2050:2233 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 12 70 theme scanning 2210:2217 arg1 scanning 2063:2070 Neutral loss scanning 2050:2070 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 2050:2233 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 7 71 link N-linked 1386:1393 arg1 conjugates 1321:1330 Four GSH conjugates 1312:1330 Four GSH conjugates of menthofuran 1312:1345 RESULTS Four GSH conjugates of menthofuran were detected and identified as S- and N-linked conjugates based on MS/MS spectra. 26969934 7 71 link N-linked 1386:1393 arg1 conjugates 1395:1404 S- and N-linked conjugates 1379:1404 S- and N-linked conjugates based on MS/MS spectra 1379:1427 RESULTS Four GSH conjugates of menthofuran were detected and identified as S- and N-linked conjugates based on MS/MS spectra. 26969934 3 72 theme MS/MS-based 744:754 arg1 methods 766:772 comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods 730:772 comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods covering the both types of conjugates 730:810 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates, and the differences to fragmentation of S-linked conjugates, have not been reported in the literature previously, although this information is essential to enable comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods covering the both types of conjugates. 26969934 0 73 theme P450 127:130 arg1 enzymes 132:138 P450 enzymes 127:138 P450 enzymes 127:138 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran and identification of P450 enzymes mediating their formation. 26969934 11 74 theme reactive 1984:1991 arg1 metabolites 1993:2003 reactive metabolites 1984:2003 reactive metabolites 1984:2003 This should be taken into account when setting up LC/MS/MS-based detection of glutathione conjugates to screen for reactive metabolites, at least for compounds with a furan moiety. 26969934 9 75 theme GSH 1629:1631 arg1 conjugates 1633:1642 more GSH conjugates 1624:1642 more GSH conjugates 1624:1642 CYP1A2, 2B6 and 3A4 were observed to produce more GSH conjugates than other CYP isoforms. 26969934 12 76 theme negative 2242:2249 arg1 mode 2262:2265 the negative ionization mode 2238:2265 the negative ionization mode 2238:2265 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 7 77 theme GSH 1317:1319 arg1 conjugates 1321:1330 Four GSH conjugates 1312:1330 Four GSH conjugates of menthofuran 1312:1345 RESULTS Four GSH conjugates of menthofuran were detected and identified as S- and N-linked conjugates based on MS/MS spectra. 26969934 7 77 theme GSH 1317:1319 arg1 conjugates 1395:1404 S- and N-linked conjugates 1379:1404 S- and N-linked conjugates based on MS/MS spectra 1379:1427 RESULTS Four GSH conjugates of menthofuran were detected and identified as S- and N-linked conjugates based on MS/MS spectra. 26969934 12 78 from mode 2130:2133 arg1 scanning 2063:2070 Neutral loss scanning 2050:2070 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 2050:2233 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 4 79 dep METHODS 813:819 arg1 -Pulegone 828:836 -Pulegone 828:836 -Pulegone 828:836 METHODS (R)-(+)-Pulegone, (S)-(-)-pulegone, and menthofuran were incubated with a human liver S9 fraction with glutathione (GSH) as the trapping agent. 26969934 4 79 dep METHODS 813:819 arg1 S 840:840 (S)-(-)-pulegone 839:854 (S)-(-)-pulegone 839:854 METHODS (R)-(+)-Pulegone, (S)-(-)-pulegone, and menthofuran were incubated with a human liver S9 fraction with glutathione (GSH) as the trapping agent. 26969934 4 79 dep METHODS 813:819 arg1 menthofuran 861:871 menthofuran 861:871 menthofuran 861:871 METHODS (R)-(+)-Pulegone, (S)-(-)-pulegone, and menthofuran were incubated with a human liver S9 fraction with glutathione (GSH) as the trapping agent. 26969934 4 79 dep METHODS 813:819 arg1 METHODS 813:819 METHODS 813:819 METHODS 813:819 METHODS (R)-(+)-Pulegone, (S)-(-)-pulegone, and menthofuran were incubated with a human liver S9 fraction with glutathione (GSH) as the trapping agent. 26969934 10 80 from adducts 1860:1866 arg1 spectra 1838:1844 distinct MS/MS spectra 1823:1844 distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts 1823:1866 CONLUSIONS Furans can form reactive aldehydes that react in Schiff-base fashion with the free glutamyl-amine of GSH to form N-linked conjugates that have distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts. 26969934 4 81 theme -pulegone 846:854 arg1 METHODS 813:819 METHODS 813:819 METHODS 813:819 METHODS (R)-(+)-Pulegone, (S)-(-)-pulegone, and menthofuran were incubated with a human liver S9 fraction with glutathione (GSH) as the trapping agent. 26969934 4 81 theme -pulegone 846:854 arg1 S 840:840 (S)-(-)-pulegone 839:854 (S)-(-)-pulegone 839:854 METHODS (R)-(+)-Pulegone, (S)-(-)-pulegone, and menthofuran were incubated with a human liver S9 fraction with glutathione (GSH) as the trapping agent. 26969934 12 82 from Da 2189:2190 arg1 mode 2130:2133 the positive ionization mode 2106:2133 the positive ionization mode 2106:2133 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 12 82 from Da 2189:2190 arg1 loss 2147:2150 neutral loss 2139:2150 neutral loss 2139:2150 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 10 83 theme Schiff-base 1729:1739 arg1 fashion 1741:1747 Schiff-base fashion 1729:1747 Schiff-base fashion 1729:1747 CONLUSIONS Furans can form reactive aldehydes that react in Schiff-base fashion with the free glutamyl-amine of GSH to form N-linked conjugates that have distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts. 26969934 11 84 dep detection 1934:1942 arg1 up 1916:1917 up 1916:1917 up 1916:1917 This should be taken into account when setting up LC/MS/MS-based detection of glutathione conjugates to screen for reactive metabolites, at least for compounds with a furan moiety. 26969934 12 85 theme ion 2206:2208 arg1 scanning 2210:2217 precursor ion scanning 2196:2217 precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 2196:2233 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 9 86 theme CYP 1655:1657 arg1 isoforms 1659:1666 other CYP isoforms 1649:1666 other CYP isoforms 1649:1666 CYP1A2, 2B6 and 3A4 were observed to produce more GSH conjugates than other CYP isoforms. 26969934 12 87 theme m/z 2222:2224 arg1 Da 2100:2101 290.0573 Da 2091:2101 290.0573 Da 2091:2101 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 12 87 theme m/z 2222:2224 arg1 Da 2084:2085 178.0412 Da 2075:2085 178.0412 Da 2075:2085 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 12 87 theme m/z 2222:2224 arg1 Da 2189:2190 290.0573 Da 2180:2190 290.0573 Da 2180:2190 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 12 87 theme m/z 2222:2224 arg1 scanning 2210:2217 precursor ion scanning 2196:2217 precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 2196:2233 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 12 88 theme ionization 2251:2260 arg1 mode 2262:2265 the negative ionization mode 2238:2265 the negative ionization mode 2238:2265 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 3 89 theme conjugates 801:810 arg1 types 792:796 both types 787:796 the both types of conjugates 783:810 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates, and the differences to fragmentation of S-linked conjugates, have not been reported in the literature previously, although this information is essential to enable comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods covering the both types of conjugates. 26969934 0 90 theme conjugates 66:75 arg1 analysis 26:33 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis 0:33 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran 0:103 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran and identification of P450 enzymes mediating their formation. 26969934 0 90 theme conjugates 66:75 arg1 identification 109:122 identification 109:122 identification of P450 enzymes 109:138 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran and identification of P450 enzymes mediating their formation. 26969934 10 91 theme free 1758:1761 arg1 glutamyl-amine 1763:1776 the free glutamyl-amine 1754:1776 the free glutamyl-amine of GSH to form N-linked conjugates that have distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts 1754:1866 CONLUSIONS Furans can form reactive aldehydes that react in Schiff-base fashion with the free glutamyl-amine of GSH to form N-linked conjugates that have distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts. 26969934 12 92 theme precursor 2196:2204 arg1 scanning 2210:2217 precursor ion scanning 2196:2217 precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 2196:2233 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 0 93 theme pulegone 80:87 arg1 conjugates 66:75 S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates 38:75 S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran 38:103 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran and identification of P450 enzymes mediating their formation. 26969934 4 94 theme human 895:899 arg1 fraction 910:917 a human liver S9 fraction 893:917 a human liver S9 fraction 893:917 METHODS (R)-(+)-Pulegone, (S)-(-)-pulegone, and menthofuran were incubated with a human liver S9 fraction with glutathione (GSH) as the trapping agent. 26969934 8 95 theme N-linked 1430:1437 arg1 conjugates 1439:1448 N-linked conjugates 1430:1448 N-linked conjugates 1430:1448 N-linked conjugates lacked the characteristic fragments of S-linked conjugates and commonly produced fragments that retained parts of glutamic acid. 26969934 13 96 dep & 2312:2312 arg1 Sons 2314:2317 Sons 2314:2317 Sons 2314:2317 Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 26969934 0 97 theme menthofuran 93:103 arg1 conjugates 66:75 S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates 38:75 S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran 38:103 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran and identification of P450 enzymes mediating their formation. 26969934 10 98 theme reactive 1696:1703 arg1 aldehydes 1705:1713 reactive aldehydes 1696:1713 reactive aldehydes that react in Schiff-base fashion with the free glutamyl-amine of GSH to form N-linked conjugates that have distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts 1696:1866 CONLUSIONS Furans can form reactive aldehydes that react in Schiff-base fashion with the free glutamyl-amine of GSH to form N-linked conjugates that have distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts. 26969934 5 99 theme liquid 1013:1018 arg1 chromatography 1020:1033 ultra-performance liquid chromatography 995:1033 ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/orbitrap MS 995:1052 Conjugates were searched with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/orbitrap MS and their MS/MS spectra were measured both in the negative and positive ionization polarities. 26969934 5 99 theme liquid 1013:1018 arg1 UPLC 1036:1039 UPLC 1036:1039 UPLC 1036:1039 Conjugates were searched with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/orbitrap MS and their MS/MS spectra were measured both in the negative and positive ionization polarities. 26969934 8 100 theme characteristic 1461:1474 arg1 fragments 1476:1484 the characteristic fragments 1457:1484 the characteristic fragments of S-linked conjugates and commonly produced fragments that retained parts of glutamic acid 1457:1576 N-linked conjugates lacked the characteristic fragments of S-linked conjugates and commonly produced fragments that retained parts of glutamic acid. 26969934 2 101 link S-linked 432:439 arg1 conjugates 454:463 S-linked and N-linked conjugates 432:463 S-linked and N-linked conjugates 432:463 It is bioactivated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to reactive metabolites, which may further react with glutathione to form S-linked and N-linked conjugates. 26969934 2 102 theme reactive 361:368 arg1 metabolites 370:380 reactive metabolites 361:380 reactive metabolites 361:380 It is bioactivated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to reactive metabolites, which may further react with glutathione to form S-linked and N-linked conjugates. 26969934 0 103 theme mass 7:10 arg1 analysis 26:33 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis 0:33 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran 0:103 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran and identification of P450 enzymes mediating their formation. 26969934 2 104 link N-linked 445:452 arg1 conjugates 454:463 S-linked and N-linked conjugates 432:463 S-linked and N-linked conjugates 432:463 It is bioactivated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to reactive metabolites, which may further react with glutathione to form S-linked and N-linked conjugates. 26969934 3 105 link S-linked 607:614 arg1 conjugates 616:625 S-linked conjugates 607:625 S-linked conjugates 607:625 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates, and the differences to fragmentation of S-linked conjugates, have not been reported in the literature previously, although this information is essential to enable comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods covering the both types of conjugates. 26969934 8 106 theme conjugates 1498:1507 arg1 fragments 1476:1484 the characteristic fragments 1457:1484 the characteristic fragments of S-linked conjugates and commonly produced fragments that retained parts of glutamic acid 1457:1576 N-linked conjugates lacked the characteristic fragments of S-linked conjugates and commonly produced fragments that retained parts of glutamic acid. 26969934 10 107 theme N-linked 1793:1800 arg1 conjugates 1802:1811 N-linked conjugates 1793:1811 N-linked conjugates that have distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts 1793:1866 CONLUSIONS Furans can form reactive aldehydes that react in Schiff-base fashion with the free glutamyl-amine of GSH to form N-linked conjugates that have distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts. 26969934 0 108 theme S- 38:39 arg1 conjugates 66:75 S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates 38:75 S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran 38:103 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran and identification of P450 enzymes mediating their formation. 26969934 1 109 theme many 287:290 arg1 species 297:303 many mint species 287:303 many mint species 287:303 RATIONALE Menthofuran is a hepatotoxin and a major metabolite of pulegone, a monoterpene found in the essential oils of many mint species. 26969934 1 110 theme major 212:216 arg1 monoterpene 244:254 a monoterpene 242:254 a monoterpene found in the essential oils of many mint species 242:303 RATIONALE Menthofuran is a hepatotoxin and a major metabolite of pulegone, a monoterpene found in the essential oils of many mint species. 26969934 1 110 theme major 212:216 arg1 metabolite 218:227 a major metabolite 210:227 a major metabolite of pulegone 210:239 RATIONALE Menthofuran is a hepatotoxin and a major metabolite of pulegone, a monoterpene found in the essential oils of many mint species. 26969934 4 111 theme S9 907:908 arg1 fraction 910:917 a human liver S9 fraction 893:917 a human liver S9 fraction 893:917 METHODS (R)-(+)-Pulegone, (S)-(-)-pulegone, and menthofuran were incubated with a human liver S9 fraction with glutathione (GSH) as the trapping agent. 26969934 3 112 theme conjugates 616:625 arg1 fragmentation 590:602 fragmentation 590:602 fragmentation of S-linked conjugates 590:625 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates, and the differences to fragmentation of S-linked conjugates, have not been reported in the literature previously, although this information is essential to enable comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods covering the both types of conjugates. 26969934 0 113 theme N-linked 45:52 arg1 conjugates 66:75 S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates 38:75 S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran 38:103 Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of S- and N-linked glutathione conjugates of pulegone and menthofuran and identification of P450 enzymes mediating their formation. 26969934 1 114 theme species 297:303 arg1 oils 279:282 the essential oils 265:282 the essential oils of many mint species 265:303 RATIONALE Menthofuran is a hepatotoxin and a major metabolite of pulegone, a monoterpene found in the essential oils of many mint species. 26969934 12 115 theme Da 2189:2190 arg1 scanning 2063:2070 Neutral loss scanning 2050:2070 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 2050:2233 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 8 116 link N-linked 1430:1437 arg1 conjugates 1439:1448 N-linked conjugates 1430:1448 N-linked conjugates 1430:1448 N-linked conjugates lacked the characteristic fragments of S-linked conjugates and commonly produced fragments that retained parts of glutamic acid. 26969934 8 117 theme fragments 1531:1539 arg1 fragments 1476:1484 the characteristic fragments 1457:1484 the characteristic fragments of S-linked conjugates and commonly produced fragments that retained parts of glutamic acid 1457:1576 N-linked conjugates lacked the characteristic fragments of S-linked conjugates and commonly produced fragments that retained parts of glutamic acid. 26969934 10 118 theme distinct 1823:1830 arg1 spectra 1838:1844 distinct MS/MS spectra 1823:1844 distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts 1823:1866 CONLUSIONS Furans can form reactive aldehydes that react in Schiff-base fashion with the free glutamyl-amine of GSH to form N-linked conjugates that have distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts. 26969934 12 119 theme positive 2110:2117 arg1 mode 2130:2133 the positive ionization mode 2106:2133 the positive ionization mode 2106:2133 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 3 120 theme spectrometric 482:494 arg1 pathways 518:525 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways 466:525 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates 466:564 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates, and the differences to fragmentation of S-linked conjugates, have not been reported in the literature previously, although this information is essential to enable comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods covering the both types of conjugates. 26969934 3 121 theme tandem 470:475 arg1 spectrometric 482:494 tandem mass spectrometric 470:494 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates 466:564 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates, and the differences to fragmentation of S-linked conjugates, have not been reported in the literature previously, although this information is essential to enable comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods covering the both types of conjugates. 26969934 3 121 theme tandem 470:475 arg1 MS/MS 497:501 MS/MS 497:501 MS/MS 497:501 The tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of rarely observed N-linked conjugates, and the differences to fragmentation of S-linked conjugates, have not been reported in the literature previously, although this information is essential to enable comprehensive MS/MS-based screening methods covering the both types of conjugates. 26969934 1 122 located found 256:260 arg2 metabolite 218:227 a major metabolite 210:227 a major metabolite of pulegone 210:239 RATIONALE Menthofuran is a hepatotoxin and a major metabolite of pulegone, a monoterpene found in the essential oils of many mint species. 26969934 1 122 located found 256:260 arg1 oils 279:282 the essential oils 265:282 the essential oils of many mint species 265:303 RATIONALE Menthofuran is a hepatotoxin and a major metabolite of pulegone, a monoterpene found in the essential oils of many mint species. 26969934 1 122 located found 256:260 arg2 monoterpene 244:254 a monoterpene 242:254 a monoterpene found in the essential oils of many mint species 242:303 RATIONALE Menthofuran is a hepatotoxin and a major metabolite of pulegone, a monoterpene found in the essential oils of many mint species. 26969934 12 123 theme Da 2084:2085 arg1 scanning 2063:2070 Neutral loss scanning 2050:2070 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 2050:2233 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 1 124 theme pulegone 232:239 arg1 Menthofuran 177:187 RATIONALE Menthofuran 167:187 RATIONALE Menthofuran 167:187 RATIONALE Menthofuran is a hepatotoxin and a major metabolite of pulegone, a monoterpene found in the essential oils of many mint species. 26969934 1 124 theme pulegone 232:239 arg1 hepatotoxin 194:204 a hepatotoxin 192:204 a hepatotoxin 192:204 RATIONALE Menthofuran is a hepatotoxin and a major metabolite of pulegone, a monoterpene found in the essential oils of many mint species. 26969934 1 124 theme pulegone 232:239 arg1 monoterpene 244:254 a monoterpene 242:254 a monoterpene found in the essential oils of many mint species 242:303 RATIONALE Menthofuran is a hepatotoxin and a major metabolite of pulegone, a monoterpene found in the essential oils of many mint species. 26969934 1 124 theme pulegone 232:239 arg1 metabolite 218:227 a major metabolite 210:227 a major metabolite of pulegone 210:239 RATIONALE Menthofuran is a hepatotoxin and a major metabolite of pulegone, a monoterpene found in the essential oils of many mint species. 26969934 10 125 theme S-linked 1851:1858 arg1 adducts 1860:1866 S-linked adducts 1851:1866 S-linked adducts 1851:1866 CONLUSIONS Furans can form reactive aldehydes that react in Schiff-base fashion with the free glutamyl-amine of GSH to form N-linked conjugates that have distinct MS/MS spectra from S-linked adducts. 26969934 12 126 from Da 2100:2101 arg1 mode 2130:2133 the positive ionization mode 2106:2133 the positive ionization mode 2106:2133 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 26969934 12 126 from Da 2100:2101 arg1 loss 2147:2150 neutral loss 2139:2150 neutral loss 2139:2150 Neutral loss scanning of 178.0412 Da and 290.0573 Da in the positive ionization mode, or neutral loss scanning of 256.0695 Da and 290.0573 Da and precursor ion scanning of m/z 143.0462 in the negative ionization mode, is recommended. 28736247 0 0 theme knee 111:114 arg1 joints 116:121 human osteoarthritic knee joints 90:121 human osteoarthritic knee joints 90:121 Interleukin-1β affects the phospholipid biosynthesis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 5 1 theme cell 734:737 arg1 pathways 749:756 cell signaling pathways 734:756 cell signaling pathways 734:756 METHODS Cultured FLS were stimulated with IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, or inhibitors of cell signaling pathways such as QNZ, SB203580 and SP600125 in the presence of stable isotope-labeled precursors of PLs. 28736247 4 2 from understanding 498:510 arg1 biosynthesis 547:558 the biosynthesis 543:558 the biosynthesis of PLs using cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints 543:653 This study contributes to our understanding of the effects of cytokines on the biosynthesis of PLs using cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 2 3 theme health 348:353 arg1 status 355:360 the health status 344:360 the health status of the joint 344:373 Levels of lubricants in synovial fluid (SF) have been found to be associated with the health status of the joint. 28736247 7 4 theme detailed 1009:1016 arg1 overview 1018:1025 a detailed overview 1007:1025 a detailed overview of PL species being synthesized by FLS 1007:1064 RESULTS Our analyses provide for the first time a detailed overview of PL species being synthesized by FLS. 28736247 4 5 theme PLs 563:565 arg1 biosynthesis 547:558 the biosynthesis 543:558 the biosynthesis of PLs using cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints 543:653 This study contributes to our understanding of the effects of cytokines on the biosynthesis of PLs using cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 0 6 theme osteoarthritic 96:109 arg1 joints 116:121 human osteoarthritic knee joints 90:121 human osteoarthritic knee joints 90:121 Interleukin-1β affects the phospholipid biosynthesis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 12 7 theme PL 1532:1533 arg1 levels 1535:1540 the elevated PL levels 1519:1540 the elevated PL levels found in human osteoarthritis (OA) SF 1519:1578 Our detailed PL species analysis revealed that FLS can partly contribute to the elevated PL levels found in human osteoarthritis (OA) SF. 28736247 12 8 theme species 1459:1465 arg1 analysis 1467:1474 Our detailed PL species analysis 1443:1474 Our detailed PL species analysis 1443:1474 Our detailed PL species analysis revealed that FLS can partly contribute to the elevated PL levels found in human osteoarthritis (OA) SF. 28736247 9 9 theme IL-1β-induced 1250:1262 arg1 biosynthesis 1267:1278 IL-1β-induced PL biosynthesis 1250:1278 IL-1β-induced PL biosynthesis 1250:1278 We show here that the NF-κB, p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways are all involved in IL-1β-induced PL biosynthesis. 28736247 14 10 theme new 1802:1804 arg1 environment 1815:1825 the new diseased environment 1798:1825 the new diseased environment 1798:1825 These results suggest that during OA progression, FLS undergo alterations in their PL composition to adapt to the new diseased environment. 28736247 4 11 theme cultured 573:580 arg1 synoviocytes 598:609 cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes 573:609 cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints 573:653 This study contributes to our understanding of the effects of cytokines on the biosynthesis of PLs using cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 4 11 theme cultured 573:580 arg1 FLS 612:614 FLS 612:614 FLS 612:614 This study contributes to our understanding of the effects of cytokines on the biosynthesis of PLs using cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 9 12 theme PL 1264:1265 arg1 biosynthesis 1267:1278 IL-1β-induced PL biosynthesis 1250:1278 IL-1β-induced PL biosynthesis 1250:1278 We show here that the NF-κB, p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways are all involved in IL-1β-induced PL biosynthesis. 28736247 5 13 theme METHODS 656:662 arg1 FLS 673:675 METHODS Cultured FLS 656:675 METHODS Cultured FLS 656:675 METHODS Cultured FLS were stimulated with IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, or inhibitors of cell signaling pathways such as QNZ, SB203580 and SP600125 in the presence of stable isotope-labeled precursors of PLs. 28736247 5 14 theme stable 812:817 arg1 precursors 835:844 stable isotope-labeled precursors 812:844 stable isotope-labeled precursors of PLs 812:851 METHODS Cultured FLS were stimulated with IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, or inhibitors of cell signaling pathways such as QNZ, SB203580 and SP600125 in the presence of stable isotope-labeled precursors of PLs. 28736247 5 15 theme signaling 739:747 arg1 pathways 749:756 cell signaling pathways 734:756 cell signaling pathways 734:756 METHODS Cultured FLS were stimulated with IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, or inhibitors of cell signaling pathways such as QNZ, SB203580 and SP600125 in the presence of stable isotope-labeled precursors of PLs. 28736247 8 16 theme PE-based 1142:1149 arg1 plasmalogens 1151:1162 PE-based plasmalogens 1142:1162 PE-based plasmalogens 1142:1162 IL-1β increased the biosynthesis of both phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and PE-based plasmalogens. 28736247 13 17 theme PE-based 1619:1626 arg1 PE 1612:1613 PE 1612:1613 PE 1612:1613 IL-1β in particular stimulates PE and PE-based plasmalogens which can act as cell-protective antioxidants. 28736247 13 17 theme PE-based 1619:1626 arg1 plasmalogens 1628:1639 PE-based plasmalogens 1619:1639 PE-based plasmalogens 1619:1639 IL-1β in particular stimulates PE and PE-based plasmalogens which can act as cell-protective antioxidants. 28736247 13 17 theme PE-based 1619:1626 arg1 antioxidants 1674:1685 cell-protective antioxidants 1658:1685 cell-protective antioxidants 1658:1685 IL-1β in particular stimulates PE and PE-based plasmalogens which can act as cell-protective antioxidants. 28736247 5 18 theme precursors 835:844 arg1 presence 800:807 the presence 796:807 the presence of stable isotope-labeled precursors of PLs 796:851 METHODS Cultured FLS were stimulated with IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, or inhibitors of cell signaling pathways such as QNZ, SB203580 and SP600125 in the presence of stable isotope-labeled precursors of PLs. 28736247 3 19 theme PLs 417:419 arg1 release 406:412 release 406:412 release 406:412 However, the biosynthesis and release of PLs within human joints remains poorly understood. 28736247 3 19 theme PLs 417:419 arg1 biosynthesis 389:400 biosynthesis 389:400 biosynthesis 389:400 However, the biosynthesis and release of PLs within human joints remains poorly understood. 28736247 12 20 theme elevated 1523:1530 arg1 levels 1535:1540 the elevated PL levels 1519:1540 the elevated PL levels found in human osteoarthritis (OA) SF 1519:1578 Our detailed PL species analysis revealed that FLS can partly contribute to the elevated PL levels found in human osteoarthritis (OA) SF. 28736247 13 21 from IL-1β 1581:1585 arg1 particular 1590:1599 particular 1590:1599 particular 1590:1599 IL-1β in particular stimulates PE and PE-based plasmalogens which can act as cell-protective antioxidants. 28736247 2 22 theme synovial 286:293 arg1 SF 302:303 SF 302:303 SF 302:303 Levels of lubricants in synovial fluid (SF) have been found to be associated with the health status of the joint. 28736247 2 22 theme synovial 286:293 arg1 fluid 295:299 synovial fluid 286:299 synovial fluid (SF) 286:304 Levels of lubricants in synovial fluid (SF) have been found to be associated with the health status of the joint. 28736247 4 23 from joints 648:653 arg1 synoviocytes 598:609 cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes 573:609 cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints 573:653 This study contributes to our understanding of the effects of cytokines on the biosynthesis of PLs using cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 4 23 from joints 648:653 arg1 FLS 612:614 FLS 612:614 FLS 612:614 This study contributes to our understanding of the effects of cytokines on the biosynthesis of PLs using cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 4 24 theme knee 643:646 arg1 joints 648:653 human osteoarthritic knee joints 622:653 human osteoarthritic knee joints 622:653 This study contributes to our understanding of the effects of cytokines on the biosynthesis of PLs using cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 4 25 from biosynthesis 547:558 arg1 understanding 498:510 our understanding 494:510 our understanding of the effects of cytokines on the biosynthesis of PLs using cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints 494:653 This study contributes to our understanding of the effects of cytokines on the biosynthesis of PLs using cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 0 26 from biosynthesis 40:51 arg1 joints 116:121 human osteoarthritic knee joints 90:121 human osteoarthritic knee joints 90:121 Interleukin-1β affects the phospholipid biosynthesis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 3 27 dep biosynthesis 389:400 arg1 the 385:387 the 385:387 the 385:387 However, the biosynthesis and release of PLs within human joints remains poorly understood. 28736247 10 28 theme classes 1358:1364 arg1 biosynthesis 1335:1346 the biosynthesis 1331:1346 the biosynthesis of all PL classes 1331:1364 IL-6 had no impact on PLs, whereas TNFα increased the biosynthesis of all PL classes. 28736247 2 29 theme joint 369:373 arg1 status 355:360 the health status 344:360 the health status of the joint 344:373 Levels of lubricants in synovial fluid (SF) have been found to be associated with the health status of the joint. 28736247 8 30 theme plasmalogens 1151:1162 arg1 biosynthesis 1087:1098 the biosynthesis 1083:1098 the biosynthesis of both phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and PE-based plasmalogens 1083:1162 IL-1β increased the biosynthesis of both phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and PE-based plasmalogens. 28736247 10 31 contain had 1286:1288 arg2 impact 1293:1298 no impact 1290:1298 no impact 1290:1298 IL-6 had no impact on PLs, whereas TNFα increased the biosynthesis of all PL classes. 28736247 10 31 contain had 1286:1288 arg1 IL-6 1281:1284 IL-6 1281:1284 IL-6 1281:1284 IL-6 had no impact on PLs, whereas TNFα increased the biosynthesis of all PL classes. 28736247 6 32 theme electrospray 897:908 arg1 ESI-MS/MS 947:955 ESI-MS/MS 947:955 ESI-MS/MS 947:955 Lipids were extracted and quantified using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). 28736247 6 32 theme electrospray 897:908 arg1 spectrometry 933:944 electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry 897:944 electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) 897:956 Lipids were extracted and quantified using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). 28736247 10 33 theme PL 1355:1356 arg1 classes 1358:1364 all PL classes 1351:1364 all PL classes 1351:1364 IL-6 had no impact on PLs, whereas TNFα increased the biosynthesis of all PL classes. 28736247 9 34 theme p38 1194:1196 arg1 MAPK 1198:1201 p38 MAPK 1194:1201 p38 MAPK 1194:1201 We show here that the NF-κB, p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways are all involved in IL-1β-induced PL biosynthesis. 28736247 9 34 theme p38 1194:1196 arg1 NF-κB 1187:1191 the NF-κB 1183:1191 the NF-κB 1183:1191 We show here that the NF-κB, p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways are all involved in IL-1β-induced PL biosynthesis. 28736247 0 35 theme phospholipid 27:38 arg1 biosynthesis 40:51 the phospholipid biosynthesis 23:51 the phospholipid biosynthesis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from human osteoarthritic knee joints 23:121 Interleukin-1β affects the phospholipid biosynthesis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 4 36 theme cytokines 530:538 arg1 effects 519:525 the effects 515:525 the effects of cytokines on the biosynthesis of PLs using cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints 515:653 This study contributes to our understanding of the effects of cytokines on the biosynthesis of PLs using cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 7 37 theme species 1033:1039 arg1 overview 1018:1025 a detailed overview 1007:1025 a detailed overview of PL species being synthesized by FLS 1007:1064 RESULTS Our analyses provide for the first time a detailed overview of PL species being synthesized by FLS. 28736247 1 38 theme OBJECTIVE 124:132 arg1 PLs 149:151 PLs 149:151 PLs 149:151 OBJECTIVE Phospholipids (PLs), together with hyaluronan and lubricin, are involved in boundary lubrication within human articular joints. 28736247 1 38 theme OBJECTIVE 124:132 arg1 Phospholipids 134:146 OBJECTIVE Phospholipids 124:146 OBJECTIVE Phospholipids (PLs) 124:152 OBJECTIVE Phospholipids (PLs), together with hyaluronan and lubricin, are involved in boundary lubrication within human articular joints. 28736247 2 39 from Levels 262:267 arg1 SF 302:303 SF 302:303 SF 302:303 Levels of lubricants in synovial fluid (SF) have been found to be associated with the health status of the joint. 28736247 2 39 from Levels 262:267 arg1 fluid 295:299 synovial fluid 286:299 synovial fluid (SF) 286:304 Levels of lubricants in synovial fluid (SF) have been found to be associated with the health status of the joint. 28736247 12 40 theme human 1551:1555 arg1 SF 1577:1578 human osteoarthritis (OA) SF 1551:1578 human osteoarthritis (OA) SF 1551:1578 Our detailed PL species analysis revealed that FLS can partly contribute to the elevated PL levels found in human osteoarthritis (OA) SF. 28736247 11 41 theme PLs 1406:1408 arg1 biosynthesis 1382:1393 The biosynthesis 1378:1393 The biosynthesis of various PLs 1378:1408 CONCLUSION The biosynthesis of various PLs is controlled by IL-1β and TNFα. 28736247 11 42 theme various 1398:1404 arg1 PLs 1406:1408 various PLs 1398:1408 various PLs 1398:1408 CONCLUSION The biosynthesis of various PLs is controlled by IL-1β and TNFα. 28736247 1 43 theme boundary 210:217 arg1 lubrication 219:229 boundary lubrication 210:229 boundary lubrication within human articular joints 210:259 OBJECTIVE Phospholipids (PLs), together with hyaluronan and lubricin, are involved in boundary lubrication within human articular joints. 28736247 5 44 theme pathways 749:756 arg1 IL-1β 698:702 IL-1β 698:702 IL-1β 698:702 METHODS Cultured FLS were stimulated with IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, or inhibitors of cell signaling pathways such as QNZ, SB203580 and SP600125 in the presence of stable isotope-labeled precursors of PLs. 28736247 5 44 theme pathways 749:756 arg1 QNZ 766:768 QNZ 766:768 QNZ 766:768 METHODS Cultured FLS were stimulated with IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, or inhibitors of cell signaling pathways such as QNZ, SB203580 and SP600125 in the presence of stable isotope-labeled precursors of PLs. 28736247 5 44 theme pathways 749:756 arg1 inhibitors 720:729 inhibitors 720:729 inhibitors of cell signaling pathways such as QNZ 720:768 METHODS Cultured FLS were stimulated with IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, or inhibitors of cell signaling pathways such as QNZ, SB203580 and SP600125 in the presence of stable isotope-labeled precursors of PLs. 28736247 5 44 theme pathways 749:756 arg1 TNFα 705:708 TNFα 705:708 TNFα 705:708 METHODS Cultured FLS were stimulated with IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, or inhibitors of cell signaling pathways such as QNZ, SB203580 and SP600125 in the presence of stable isotope-labeled precursors of PLs. 28736247 5 44 theme pathways 749:756 arg1 SB203580 771:778 SB203580 771:778 SB203580 771:778 METHODS Cultured FLS were stimulated with IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, or inhibitors of cell signaling pathways such as QNZ, SB203580 and SP600125 in the presence of stable isotope-labeled precursors of PLs. 28736247 5 44 theme pathways 749:756 arg1 IL-6 711:714 IL-6 711:714 IL-6 711:714 METHODS Cultured FLS were stimulated with IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, or inhibitors of cell signaling pathways such as QNZ, SB203580 and SP600125 in the presence of stable isotope-labeled precursors of PLs. 28736247 5 44 theme pathways 749:756 arg1 SP600125 784:791 SP600125 784:791 SP600125 784:791 METHODS Cultured FLS were stimulated with IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, or inhibitors of cell signaling pathways such as QNZ, SB203580 and SP600125 in the presence of stable isotope-labeled precursors of PLs. 28736247 4 45 theme osteoarthritic 628:641 arg1 joints 648:653 human osteoarthritic knee joints 622:653 human osteoarthritic knee joints 622:653 This study contributes to our understanding of the effects of cytokines on the biosynthesis of PLs using cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 2 46 from lubricants 272:281 arg1 SF 302:303 SF 302:303 SF 302:303 Levels of lubricants in synovial fluid (SF) have been found to be associated with the health status of the joint. 28736247 2 46 from lubricants 272:281 arg1 fluid 295:299 synovial fluid 286:299 synovial fluid (SF) 286:304 Levels of lubricants in synovial fluid (SF) have been found to be associated with the health status of the joint. 28736247 3 47 theme human 428:432 arg1 joints 434:439 human joints 428:439 human joints 428:439 However, the biosynthesis and release of PLs within human joints remains poorly understood. 28736247 4 48 from effects 519:525 arg1 biosynthesis 547:558 the biosynthesis 543:558 the biosynthesis of PLs using cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints 543:653 This study contributes to our understanding of the effects of cytokines on the biosynthesis of PLs using cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 6 49 theme mass 928:931 arg1 ESI-MS/MS 947:955 ESI-MS/MS 947:955 ESI-MS/MS 947:955 Lipids were extracted and quantified using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). 28736247 6 49 theme mass 928:931 arg1 spectrometry 933:944 electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry 897:944 electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) 897:956 Lipids were extracted and quantified using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). 28736247 7 50 theme PL 1030:1031 arg1 species 1033:1039 PL species 1030:1039 PL species being synthesized by FLS 1030:1064 RESULTS Our analyses provide for the first time a detailed overview of PL species being synthesized by FLS. 28736247 8 51 theme phosphatidylethanolamine 1108:1131 arg1 biosynthesis 1087:1098 the biosynthesis 1083:1098 the biosynthesis of both phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and PE-based plasmalogens 1083:1162 IL-1β increased the biosynthesis of both phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and PE-based plasmalogens. 28736247 14 52 from alterations 1750:1760 arg1 composition 1774:1784 their PL composition 1765:1784 their PL composition 1765:1784 These results suggest that during OA progression, FLS undergo alterations in their PL composition to adapt to the new diseased environment. 28736247 11 53 dep CONCLUSION 1367:1376 arg1 controlled 1413:1422 controlled 1413:1422 is controlled by IL-1β and TNFα 1410:1440 CONCLUSION The biosynthesis of various PLs is controlled by IL-1β and TNFα. 28736247 4 54 theme human 622:626 arg1 joints 648:653 human osteoarthritic knee joints 622:653 human osteoarthritic knee joints 622:653 This study contributes to our understanding of the effects of cytokines on the biosynthesis of PLs using cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 0 55 theme synoviocytes 72:83 arg1 biosynthesis 40:51 the phospholipid biosynthesis 23:51 the phospholipid biosynthesis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from human osteoarthritic knee joints 23:121 Interleukin-1β affects the phospholipid biosynthesis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 6 56 theme tandem 921:926 arg1 ESI-MS/MS 947:955 ESI-MS/MS 947:955 ESI-MS/MS 947:955 Lipids were extracted and quantified using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). 28736247 6 56 theme tandem 921:926 arg1 spectrometry 933:944 electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry 897:944 electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) 897:956 Lipids were extracted and quantified using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). 28736247 5 57 theme Cultured 664:671 arg1 FLS 673:675 METHODS Cultured FLS 656:675 METHODS Cultured FLS 656:675 METHODS Cultured FLS were stimulated with IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, or inhibitors of cell signaling pathways such as QNZ, SB203580 and SP600125 in the presence of stable isotope-labeled precursors of PLs. 28736247 12 58 theme detailed 1447:1454 arg1 analysis 1467:1474 Our detailed PL species analysis 1443:1474 Our detailed PL species analysis 1443:1474 Our detailed PL species analysis revealed that FLS can partly contribute to the elevated PL levels found in human osteoarthritis (OA) SF. 28736247 7 59 theme first 996:1000 arg1 time 1002:1005 the first time 992:1005 the first time 992:1005 RESULTS Our analyses provide for the first time a detailed overview of PL species being synthesized by FLS. 28736247 0 60 theme fibroblast-like 56:70 arg1 synoviocytes 72:83 fibroblast-like synoviocytes 56:83 fibroblast-like synoviocytes from human osteoarthritic knee joints 56:121 Interleukin-1β affects the phospholipid biosynthesis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 6 61 theme ionization 910:919 arg1 ESI-MS/MS 947:955 ESI-MS/MS 947:955 ESI-MS/MS 947:955 Lipids were extracted and quantified using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). 28736247 6 61 theme ionization 910:919 arg1 spectrometry 933:944 electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry 897:944 electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) 897:956 Lipids were extracted and quantified using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). 28736247 9 62 theme JNK 1207:1209 arg1 pathways 1221:1228 JNK signaling pathways 1207:1228 JNK signaling pathways 1207:1228 We show here that the NF-κB, p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways are all involved in IL-1β-induced PL biosynthesis. 28736247 9 62 theme JNK 1207:1209 arg1 NF-κB 1187:1191 the NF-κB 1183:1191 the NF-κB 1183:1191 We show here that the NF-κB, p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways are all involved in IL-1β-induced PL biosynthesis. 28736247 12 63 theme PL 1456:1457 arg1 analysis 1467:1474 Our detailed PL species analysis 1443:1474 Our detailed PL species analysis 1443:1474 Our detailed PL species analysis revealed that FLS can partly contribute to the elevated PL levels found in human osteoarthritis (OA) SF. 28736247 2 64 from fluid 295:299 arg1 Levels 262:267 Levels 262:267 Levels of lubricants in synovial fluid (SF) 262:304 Levels of lubricants in synovial fluid (SF) have been found to be associated with the health status of the joint. 28736247 4 65 theme effects 519:525 arg1 understanding 498:510 our understanding 494:510 our understanding of the effects of cytokines on the biosynthesis of PLs using cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints 494:653 This study contributes to our understanding of the effects of cytokines on the biosynthesis of PLs using cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 9 66 theme signaling 1211:1219 arg1 pathways 1221:1228 JNK signaling pathways 1207:1228 JNK signaling pathways 1207:1228 We show here that the NF-κB, p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways are all involved in IL-1β-induced PL biosynthesis. 28736247 9 66 theme signaling 1211:1219 arg1 NF-κB 1187:1191 the NF-κB 1183:1191 the NF-κB 1183:1191 We show here that the NF-κB, p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways are all involved in IL-1β-induced PL biosynthesis. 28736247 12 67 theme osteoarthritis 1557:1570 arg1 SF 1577:1578 human osteoarthritis (OA) SF 1551:1578 human osteoarthritis (OA) SF 1551:1578 Our detailed PL species analysis revealed that FLS can partly contribute to the elevated PL levels found in human osteoarthritis (OA) SF. 28736247 1 68 theme human 238:242 arg1 joints 254:259 human articular joints 238:259 human articular joints 238:259 OBJECTIVE Phospholipids (PLs), together with hyaluronan and lubricin, are involved in boundary lubrication within human articular joints. 28736247 2 69 theme lubricants 272:281 arg1 Levels 262:267 Levels 262:267 Levels of lubricants in synovial fluid (SF) 262:304 Levels of lubricants in synovial fluid (SF) have been found to be associated with the health status of the joint. 28736247 12 70 located found 1542:1546 arg2 levels 1535:1540 the elevated PL levels 1519:1540 the elevated PL levels found in human osteoarthritis (OA) SF 1519:1578 Our detailed PL species analysis revealed that FLS can partly contribute to the elevated PL levels found in human osteoarthritis (OA) SF. 28736247 12 70 located found 1542:1546 arg1 SF 1577:1578 human osteoarthritis (OA) SF 1551:1578 human osteoarthritis (OA) SF 1551:1578 Our detailed PL species analysis revealed that FLS can partly contribute to the elevated PL levels found in human osteoarthritis (OA) SF. 28736247 7 71 dep RESULTS 959:965 arg1 provide 980:986 provide 980:986 provide for the first time a detailed overview of PL species being synthesized by FLS 980:1064 RESULTS Our analyses provide for the first time a detailed overview of PL species being synthesized by FLS. 28736247 1 72 theme articular 244:252 arg1 joints 254:259 human articular joints 238:259 human articular joints 238:259 OBJECTIVE Phospholipids (PLs), together with hyaluronan and lubricin, are involved in boundary lubrication within human articular joints. 28736247 0 73 theme human 90:94 arg1 joints 116:121 human osteoarthritic knee joints 90:121 human osteoarthritic knee joints 90:121 Interleukin-1β affects the phospholipid biosynthesis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 0 74 from joints 116:121 arg1 biosynthesis 40:51 the phospholipid biosynthesis 23:51 the phospholipid biosynthesis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from human osteoarthritic knee joints 23:121 Interleukin-1β affects the phospholipid biosynthesis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 0 74 from joints 116:121 arg1 synoviocytes 72:83 fibroblast-like synoviocytes 56:83 fibroblast-like synoviocytes from human osteoarthritic knee joints 56:121 Interleukin-1β affects the phospholipid biosynthesis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 14 75 theme diseased 1806:1813 arg1 environment 1815:1825 the new diseased environment 1798:1825 the new diseased environment 1798:1825 These results suggest that during OA progression, FLS undergo alterations in their PL composition to adapt to the new diseased environment. 28736247 5 76 theme PLs 849:851 arg1 precursors 835:844 stable isotope-labeled precursors 812:844 stable isotope-labeled precursors of PLs 812:851 METHODS Cultured FLS were stimulated with IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, or inhibitors of cell signaling pathways such as QNZ, SB203580 and SP600125 in the presence of stable isotope-labeled precursors of PLs. 28736247 5 77 theme isotope-labeled 819:833 arg1 precursors 835:844 stable isotope-labeled precursors 812:844 stable isotope-labeled precursors of PLs 812:851 METHODS Cultured FLS were stimulated with IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, or inhibitors of cell signaling pathways such as QNZ, SB203580 and SP600125 in the presence of stable isotope-labeled precursors of PLs. 28736247 13 78 theme cell-protective 1658:1672 arg1 PE 1612:1613 PE 1612:1613 PE 1612:1613 IL-1β in particular stimulates PE and PE-based plasmalogens which can act as cell-protective antioxidants. 28736247 13 78 theme cell-protective 1658:1672 arg1 plasmalogens 1628:1639 PE-based plasmalogens 1619:1639 PE-based plasmalogens 1619:1639 IL-1β in particular stimulates PE and PE-based plasmalogens which can act as cell-protective antioxidants. 28736247 13 78 theme cell-protective 1658:1672 arg1 antioxidants 1674:1685 cell-protective antioxidants 1658:1685 cell-protective antioxidants 1658:1685 IL-1β in particular stimulates PE and PE-based plasmalogens which can act as cell-protective antioxidants. 28736247 4 79 theme fibroblast-like 582:596 arg1 synoviocytes 598:609 cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes 573:609 cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints 573:653 This study contributes to our understanding of the effects of cytokines on the biosynthesis of PLs using cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 4 79 theme fibroblast-like 582:596 arg1 FLS 612:614 FLS 612:614 FLS 612:614 This study contributes to our understanding of the effects of cytokines on the biosynthesis of PLs using cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from human osteoarthritic knee joints. 28736247 14 80 theme PL 1771:1772 arg1 composition 1774:1784 their PL composition 1765:1784 their PL composition 1765:1784 These results suggest that during OA progression, FLS undergo alterations in their PL composition to adapt to the new diseased environment. 28736247 14 81 theme OA 1722:1723 arg1 progression 1725:1735 OA progression 1722:1735 OA progression 1722:1735 These results suggest that during OA progression, FLS undergo alterations in their PL composition to adapt to the new diseased environment. 26948686 0 0 theme Trisaccharide 94:106 arg1 Core 108:111 the Trisaccharide Core 90:111 the Trisaccharide Core of N-linked Glycans 90:131 Stereoselective Construction of β-Mannopyranosides by Anomeric O-Alkylation: Synthesis of the Trisaccharide Core of N-linked Glycans. 26948686 3 1 link sugar-derived 494:506 arg1 donors 515:520 the sugar-derived lactol donors 490:520 the sugar-derived lactol donors 490:520 The presence of a conformationally flexible C6 oxygen atom in the sugar-derived lactol donors is required for this anomeric O-alkylation to be efficient, probably because of its chelation with cesium ion. 26948686 2 2 theme effect 400:405 arg1 control 370:376 synergistic control 358:376 synergistic control of a kinetic anomeric effect and metal chelation 358:425 This anomeric O-alkylation of mannopyranose-derived lactols is proposed to occur under synergistic control of a kinetic anomeric effect and metal chelation. 26948686 5 3 theme complex 803:809 arg1 glycans 820:826 complex N-linked glycans 803:826 complex N-linked glycans 803:826 This glycosylation method has been successfully utilized for the synthesis of the trisaccharide core of complex N-linked glycans. 26948686 1 4 theme direct 167:172 arg1 synthesis 194:202 direct and stereoselective synthesis 167:202 direct and stereoselective synthesis of β-mannopyranosides 167:224 A new and efficient approach for direct and stereoselective synthesis of β-mannopyranosides by anomeric O-alkylation has been developed. 26948686 0 5 theme Core 108:111 arg1 Synthesis 77:85 Synthesis 77:85 Stereoselective Construction of β-Mannopyranosides by Anomeric O-Alkylation: Synthesis of the Trisaccharide Core of N-linked Glycans. 0:132 Stereoselective Construction of β-Mannopyranosides by Anomeric O-Alkylation: Synthesis of the Trisaccharide Core of N-linked Glycans. 26948686 2 6 theme anomeric 276:283 arg1 O-alkylation 285:296 This anomeric O-alkylation 271:296 This anomeric O-alkylation of mannopyranose-derived lactols 271:329 This anomeric O-alkylation of mannopyranose-derived lactols is proposed to occur under synergistic control of a kinetic anomeric effect and metal chelation. 26948686 0 7 theme Glycans 125:131 arg1 Core 108:111 the Trisaccharide Core 90:111 the Trisaccharide Core of N-linked Glycans 90:131 Stereoselective Construction of β-Mannopyranosides by Anomeric O-Alkylation: Synthesis of the Trisaccharide Core of N-linked Glycans. 26948686 2 8 theme lactols 323:329 arg1 O-alkylation 285:296 This anomeric O-alkylation 271:296 This anomeric O-alkylation of mannopyranose-derived lactols 271:329 This anomeric O-alkylation of mannopyranose-derived lactols is proposed to occur under synergistic control of a kinetic anomeric effect and metal chelation. 26948686 4 9 theme minor 687:691 arg1 role 693:696 a minor role 685:696 a minor role 685:696 In contrast, the presence of a C2 oxygen atom plays a minor role. 26948686 0 10 theme N-linked 116:123 arg1 Glycans 125:131 N-linked Glycans 116:131 N-linked Glycans 116:131 Stereoselective Construction of β-Mannopyranosides by Anomeric O-Alkylation: Synthesis of the Trisaccharide Core of N-linked Glycans. 26948686 5 11 theme N-linked 811:818 arg1 glycans 820:826 complex N-linked glycans 803:826 complex N-linked glycans 803:826 This glycosylation method has been successfully utilized for the synthesis of the trisaccharide core of complex N-linked glycans. 26948686 2 12 theme mannopyranose-derived 301:321 arg1 lactols 323:329 mannopyranose-derived lactols 301:329 mannopyranose-derived lactols 301:329 This anomeric O-alkylation of mannopyranose-derived lactols is proposed to occur under synergistic control of a kinetic anomeric effect and metal chelation. 26948686 1 13 theme stereoselective 178:192 arg1 synthesis 194:202 direct and stereoselective synthesis 167:202 direct and stereoselective synthesis of β-mannopyranosides 167:224 A new and efficient approach for direct and stereoselective synthesis of β-mannopyranosides by anomeric O-alkylation has been developed. 26948686 3 14 from presence 432:439 arg1 donors 515:520 the sugar-derived lactol donors 490:520 the sugar-derived lactol donors 490:520 The presence of a conformationally flexible C6 oxygen atom in the sugar-derived lactol donors is required for this anomeric O-alkylation to be efficient, probably because of its chelation with cesium ion. 26948686 2 15 theme synergistic 358:368 arg1 control 370:376 synergistic control 358:376 synergistic control of a kinetic anomeric effect and metal chelation 358:425 This anomeric O-alkylation of mannopyranose-derived lactols is proposed to occur under synergistic control of a kinetic anomeric effect and metal chelation. 26948686 3 16 theme C6 oxygen 472:480 arg1 atom 482:485 a conformationally flexible C6 oxygen atom 444:485 a conformationally flexible C6 oxygen atom 444:485 The presence of a conformationally flexible C6 oxygen atom in the sugar-derived lactol donors is required for this anomeric O-alkylation to be efficient, probably because of its chelation with cesium ion. 26948686 0 17 theme Stereoselective 0:14 arg1 Construction 16:27 Stereoselective Construction 0:27 Stereoselective Construction of β-Mannopyranosides by Anomeric O-Alkylation: Synthesis of the Trisaccharide Core of N-linked Glycans. 0:132 Stereoselective Construction of β-Mannopyranosides by Anomeric O-Alkylation: Synthesis of the Trisaccharide Core of N-linked Glycans. 26948686 3 18 theme cesium 621:626 arg1 ion 628:630 cesium ion 621:630 cesium ion 621:630 The presence of a conformationally flexible C6 oxygen atom in the sugar-derived lactol donors is required for this anomeric O-alkylation to be efficient, probably because of its chelation with cesium ion. 26948686 2 19 theme chelation 417:425 arg1 control 370:376 synergistic control 358:376 synergistic control of a kinetic anomeric effect and metal chelation 358:425 This anomeric O-alkylation of mannopyranose-derived lactols is proposed to occur under synergistic control of a kinetic anomeric effect and metal chelation. 26948686 0 20 theme β-Mannopyranosides 32:49 arg1 Construction 16:27 Stereoselective Construction 0:27 Stereoselective Construction of β-Mannopyranosides by Anomeric O-Alkylation: Synthesis of the Trisaccharide Core of N-linked Glycans. 0:132 Stereoselective Construction of β-Mannopyranosides by Anomeric O-Alkylation: Synthesis of the Trisaccharide Core of N-linked Glycans. 26948686 2 21 link mannopyranose-derived 301:321 arg1 lactols 323:329 mannopyranose-derived lactols 301:329 mannopyranose-derived lactols 301:329 This anomeric O-alkylation of mannopyranose-derived lactols is proposed to occur under synergistic control of a kinetic anomeric effect and metal chelation. 26948686 1 22 theme β-mannopyranosides 207:224 arg1 synthesis 194:202 direct and stereoselective synthesis 167:202 direct and stereoselective synthesis of β-mannopyranosides 167:224 A new and efficient approach for direct and stereoselective synthesis of β-mannopyranosides by anomeric O-alkylation has been developed. 26948686 2 23 theme anomeric 391:398 arg1 effect 400:405 a kinetic anomeric effect 381:405 a kinetic anomeric effect 381:405 This anomeric O-alkylation of mannopyranose-derived lactols is proposed to occur under synergistic control of a kinetic anomeric effect and metal chelation. 26948686 2 24 theme metal 411:415 arg1 chelation 417:425 metal chelation 411:425 metal chelation 411:425 This anomeric O-alkylation of mannopyranose-derived lactols is proposed to occur under synergistic control of a kinetic anomeric effect and metal chelation. 26948686 0 25 theme Anomeric 54:61 arg1 O-Alkylation 63:74 Anomeric O-Alkylation 54:74 Anomeric O-Alkylation 54:74 Stereoselective Construction of β-Mannopyranosides by Anomeric O-Alkylation: Synthesis of the Trisaccharide Core of N-linked Glycans. 26948686 3 26 theme sugar-derived 494:506 arg1 donors 515:520 the sugar-derived lactol donors 490:520 the sugar-derived lactol donors 490:520 The presence of a conformationally flexible C6 oxygen atom in the sugar-derived lactol donors is required for this anomeric O-alkylation to be efficient, probably because of its chelation with cesium ion. 26948686 3 27 theme atom 482:485 arg1 presence 432:439 The presence 428:439 The presence of a conformationally flexible C6 oxygen atom in the sugar-derived lactol donors 428:520 The presence of a conformationally flexible C6 oxygen atom in the sugar-derived lactol donors is required for this anomeric O-alkylation to be efficient, probably because of its chelation with cesium ion. 26948686 3 27 theme atom 482:485 arg1 efficient 571:579 efficient 571:579 efficient 571:579 The presence of a conformationally flexible C6 oxygen atom in the sugar-derived lactol donors is required for this anomeric O-alkylation to be efficient, probably because of its chelation with cesium ion. 26948686 1 28 theme anomeric 229:236 arg1 O-alkylation 238:249 anomeric O-alkylation 229:249 anomeric O-alkylation 229:249 A new and efficient approach for direct and stereoselective synthesis of β-mannopyranosides by anomeric O-alkylation has been developed. 26948686 3 29 theme flexible 463:470 arg1 atom 482:485 a conformationally flexible C6 oxygen atom 444:485 a conformationally flexible C6 oxygen atom 444:485 The presence of a conformationally flexible C6 oxygen atom in the sugar-derived lactol donors is required for this anomeric O-alkylation to be efficient, probably because of its chelation with cesium ion. 26948686 5 30 used utilized 747:754 arg2 method 718:723 This glycosylation method 699:723 This glycosylation method 699:723 This glycosylation method has been successfully utilized for the synthesis of the trisaccharide core of complex N-linked glycans. 26948686 3 31 theme lactol 508:513 arg1 donors 515:520 the sugar-derived lactol donors 490:520 the sugar-derived lactol donors 490:520 The presence of a conformationally flexible C6 oxygen atom in the sugar-derived lactol donors is required for this anomeric O-alkylation to be efficient, probably because of its chelation with cesium ion. 26948686 5 32 link N-linked 811:818 arg1 glycans 820:826 complex N-linked glycans 803:826 complex N-linked glycans 803:826 This glycosylation method has been successfully utilized for the synthesis of the trisaccharide core of complex N-linked glycans. 26948686 2 33 theme kinetic 383:389 arg1 effect 400:405 a kinetic anomeric effect 381:405 a kinetic anomeric effect 381:405 This anomeric O-alkylation of mannopyranose-derived lactols is proposed to occur under synergistic control of a kinetic anomeric effect and metal chelation. 26948686 5 34 theme glycosylation 704:716 arg1 method 718:723 This glycosylation method 699:723 This glycosylation method 699:723 This glycosylation method has been successfully utilized for the synthesis of the trisaccharide core of complex N-linked glycans. 26948686 3 35 attach presence 432:439 arg1 donors 515:520 the sugar-derived lactol donors 490:520 the sugar-derived lactol donors 490:520 The presence of a conformationally flexible C6 oxygen atom in the sugar-derived lactol donors is required for this anomeric O-alkylation to be efficient, probably because of its chelation with cesium ion. 26948686 3 35 attach presence 432:439 arg2 atom 482:485 a conformationally flexible C6 oxygen atom 444:485 a conformationally flexible C6 oxygen atom 444:485 The presence of a conformationally flexible C6 oxygen atom in the sugar-derived lactol donors is required for this anomeric O-alkylation to be efficient, probably because of its chelation with cesium ion. 26948686 3 36 theme anomeric 543:550 arg1 O-alkylation 552:563 this anomeric O-alkylation 538:563 this anomeric O-alkylation 538:563 The presence of a conformationally flexible C6 oxygen atom in the sugar-derived lactol donors is required for this anomeric O-alkylation to be efficient, probably because of its chelation with cesium ion. 26948686 3 37 with chelation 606:614 arg1 ion 628:630 cesium ion 621:630 cesium ion 621:630 The presence of a conformationally flexible C6 oxygen atom in the sugar-derived lactol donors is required for this anomeric O-alkylation to be efficient, probably because of its chelation with cesium ion. 26948686 5 38 theme glycans 820:826 arg1 core 795:798 the trisaccharide core 777:798 the trisaccharide core of complex N-linked glycans 777:826 This glycosylation method has been successfully utilized for the synthesis of the trisaccharide core of complex N-linked glycans. 26948686 1 39 theme new 136:138 arg1 approach 154:161 A new and efficient approach 134:161 A new and efficient approach for direct and stereoselective synthesis of β-mannopyranosides by anomeric O-alkylation 134:249 A new and efficient approach for direct and stereoselective synthesis of β-mannopyranosides by anomeric O-alkylation has been developed. 26948686 5 40 theme trisaccharide 781:793 arg1 core 795:798 the trisaccharide core 777:798 the trisaccharide core of complex N-linked glycans 777:826 This glycosylation method has been successfully utilized for the synthesis of the trisaccharide core of complex N-linked glycans. 26948686 4 41 theme atom 674:677 arg1 presence 650:657 the presence 646:657 the presence of a C2 oxygen atom 646:677 In contrast, the presence of a C2 oxygen atom plays a minor role. 26948686 0 42 dep Construction 16:27 arg1 Synthesis 77:85 Synthesis 77:85 Stereoselective Construction of β-Mannopyranosides by Anomeric O-Alkylation: Synthesis of the Trisaccharide Core of N-linked Glycans. 0:132 Stereoselective Construction of β-Mannopyranosides by Anomeric O-Alkylation: Synthesis of the Trisaccharide Core of N-linked Glycans. 26948686 0 43 link N-linked 116:123 arg1 Glycans 125:131 N-linked Glycans 116:131 N-linked Glycans 116:131 Stereoselective Construction of β-Mannopyranosides by Anomeric O-Alkylation: Synthesis of the Trisaccharide Core of N-linked Glycans. 26948686 1 44 theme efficient 144:152 arg1 approach 154:161 A new and efficient approach 134:161 A new and efficient approach for direct and stereoselective synthesis of β-mannopyranosides by anomeric O-alkylation 134:249 A new and efficient approach for direct and stereoselective synthesis of β-mannopyranosides by anomeric O-alkylation has been developed. 26948686 5 45 theme core 795:798 arg1 synthesis 764:772 the synthesis 760:772 the synthesis of the trisaccharide core of complex N-linked glycans 760:826 This glycosylation method has been successfully utilized for the synthesis of the trisaccharide core of complex N-linked glycans. 26948686 4 46 theme C2 oxygen 664:672 arg1 atom 674:677 a C2 oxygen atom 662:677 a C2 oxygen atom 662:677 In contrast, the presence of a C2 oxygen atom plays a minor role. 26598517 4 0 theme directed 735:742 arg1 approaches 760:769 directed pharmacological approaches 735:769 directed pharmacological approaches in the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line 735:812 Using directed pharmacological approaches in the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line, we demonstrate that elevating nuclear O-GlcNAc increases intracellular insulin levels and preserves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during chronic hyperglycemia. 26598517 7 1 theme beta 1584:1587 arg1 cell 1589:1592 the beta cell 1580:1592 the beta cell 1580:1592 These findings implicate the O-GlcNAc modification as a potential mechanism for hyperglycemic-regulated gene expression in the beta cell. 26598517 1 2 theme post-translational 141:158 arg1 sensor 246:251 a proposed nutrient sensor 226:251 a proposed nutrient sensor that has been shown to regulate multiple biological pathways 226:312 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a proposed nutrient sensor that has been shown to regulate multiple biological pathways. 26598517 1 2 theme post-translational 141:158 arg1 modification 168:179 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 137:221 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 137:221 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a proposed nutrient sensor that has been shown to regulate multiple biological pathways. 26598517 5 3 from part 1060:1063 arg1 mechanism 996:1004 The molecular mechanism 982:1004 The molecular mechanism for these observed changes 982:1031 The molecular mechanism for these observed changes appears to be, at least in part, due to elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent increases in Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels via elevations in histone H3 transcriptional activation marks. 26598517 5 3 from part 1060:1063 arg1 due 1066:1068 due 1066:1068 due 1066:1068 The molecular mechanism for these observed changes appears to be, at least in part, due to elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent increases in Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels via elevations in histone H3 transcriptional activation marks. 26598517 7 4 theme potential 1513:1521 arg1 modification 1495:1506 the O-GlcNAc modification 1482:1506 the O-GlcNAc modification 1482:1506 These findings implicate the O-GlcNAc modification as a potential mechanism for hyperglycemic-regulated gene expression in the beta cell. 26598517 7 4 theme potential 1513:1521 arg1 mechanism 1523:1531 a potential mechanism 1511:1531 a potential mechanism for hyperglycemic-regulated gene expression in the beta cell 1511:1592 These findings implicate the O-GlcNAc modification as a potential mechanism for hyperglycemic-regulated gene expression in the beta cell. 26598517 6 5 theme genes 1333:1337 arg1 majority 1321:1328 the majority 1317:1328 the majority of genes regulated by elevated O-GlcNAc levels 1317:1375 Furthermore, RNA deep sequencing reveals that this mechanism of altered gene transcription is restricted and that the majority of genes regulated by elevated O-GlcNAc levels are similarly regulated by a shift from euglycemic to hyperglycemic conditions. 26598517 5 6 theme molecular 986:994 arg1 mechanism 996:1004 The molecular mechanism 982:1004 The molecular mechanism for these observed changes 982:1031 The molecular mechanism for these observed changes appears to be, at least in part, due to elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent increases in Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels via elevations in histone H3 transcriptional activation marks. 26598517 5 6 theme molecular 986:994 arg1 due 1066:1068 due 1066:1068 due 1066:1068 The molecular mechanism for these observed changes appears to be, at least in part, due to elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent increases in Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels via elevations in histone H3 transcriptional activation marks. 26598517 1 7 theme protein 160:166 arg1 sensor 246:251 a proposed nutrient sensor 226:251 a proposed nutrient sensor that has been shown to regulate multiple biological pathways 226:312 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a proposed nutrient sensor that has been shown to regulate multiple biological pathways. 26598517 1 7 theme protein 160:166 arg1 modification 168:179 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 137:221 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 137:221 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a proposed nutrient sensor that has been shown to regulate multiple biological pathways. 26598517 3 8 theme chronic 612:618 arg1 overload 650:657 chronic hyperglycemia-induced glucose overload 612:657 chronic hyperglycemia-induced glucose overload 612:657 Type II diabetic patients have elevated O-GlcNAc-modified proteins within pancreatic beta cells due to chronic hyperglycemia-induced glucose overload, but a molecular role for O-GlcNAc within beta cells remains unclear. 26598517 3 9 theme hyperglycemia-induced 620:640 arg1 overload 650:657 chronic hyperglycemia-induced glucose overload 612:657 chronic hyperglycemia-induced glucose overload 612:657 Type II diabetic patients have elevated O-GlcNAc-modified proteins within pancreatic beta cells due to chronic hyperglycemia-induced glucose overload, but a molecular role for O-GlcNAc within beta cells remains unclear. 26598517 3 10 theme pancreatic 583:592 arg1 cells 599:603 pancreatic beta cells 583:603 pancreatic beta cells 583:603 Type II diabetic patients have elevated O-GlcNAc-modified proteins within pancreatic beta cells due to chronic hyperglycemia-induced glucose overload, but a molecular role for O-GlcNAc within beta cells remains unclear. 26598517 6 11 theme deep 1220:1223 arg1 sequencing 1225:1234 RNA deep sequencing 1216:1234 RNA deep sequencing 1216:1234 Furthermore, RNA deep sequencing reveals that this mechanism of altered gene transcription is restricted and that the majority of genes regulated by elevated O-GlcNAc levels are similarly regulated by a shift from euglycemic to hyperglycemic conditions. 26598517 5 12 theme H3 1166:1167 arg1 activation 1185:1194 histone H3 transcriptional activation 1158:1194 histone H3 transcriptional activation marks 1158:1200 The molecular mechanism for these observed changes appears to be, at least in part, due to elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent increases in Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels via elevations in histone H3 transcriptional activation marks. 26598517 4 13 theme chronic 959:965 arg1 hyperglycemia 967:979 chronic hyperglycemia 959:979 chronic hyperglycemia 959:979 Using directed pharmacological approaches in the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line, we demonstrate that elevating nuclear O-GlcNAc increases intracellular insulin levels and preserves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during chronic hyperglycemia. 26598517 6 14 theme elevated 1352:1359 arg1 levels 1370:1375 elevated O-GlcNAc levels 1352:1375 elevated O-GlcNAc levels 1352:1375 Furthermore, RNA deep sequencing reveals that this mechanism of altered gene transcription is restricted and that the majority of genes regulated by elevated O-GlcNAc levels are similarly regulated by a shift from euglycemic to hyperglycemic conditions. 26598517 3 15 theme beta 594:597 arg1 cells 599:603 pancreatic beta cells 583:603 pancreatic beta cells 583:603 Type II diabetic patients have elevated O-GlcNAc-modified proteins within pancreatic beta cells due to chronic hyperglycemia-induced glucose overload, but a molecular role for O-GlcNAc within beta cells remains unclear. 26598517 3 16 theme Type 509:512 arg1 patients 526:533 Type II diabetic patients 509:533 Type II diabetic patients 509:533 Type II diabetic patients have elevated O-GlcNAc-modified proteins within pancreatic beta cells due to chronic hyperglycemia-induced glucose overload, but a molecular role for O-GlcNAc within beta cells remains unclear. 26598517 4 17 theme pharmacological 744:758 arg1 approaches 760:769 directed pharmacological approaches 735:769 directed pharmacological approaches in the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line 735:812 Using directed pharmacological approaches in the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line, we demonstrate that elevating nuclear O-GlcNAc increases intracellular insulin levels and preserves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during chronic hyperglycemia. 26598517 5 18 theme transcriptional 1169:1183 arg1 activation 1185:1194 histone H3 transcriptional activation 1158:1194 histone H3 transcriptional activation marks 1158:1200 The molecular mechanism for these observed changes appears to be, at least in part, due to elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent increases in Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels via elevations in histone H3 transcriptional activation marks. 26598517 5 19 theme observed 1016:1023 arg1 changes 1025:1031 these observed changes 1010:1031 these observed changes 1010:1031 The molecular mechanism for these observed changes appears to be, at least in part, due to elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent increases in Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels via elevations in histone H3 transcriptional activation marks. 26598517 0 20 theme Insulin 98:104 arg1 Gene 106:109 the Insulin Gene 94:109 the Insulin Gene in Pancreatic Beta Cells 94:134 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Acts as a Glucose Sensor to Epigenetically Regulate the Insulin Gene in Pancreatic Beta Cells. 26598517 5 21 from elevations 1144:1153 arg1 activation 1185:1194 histone H3 transcriptional activation 1158:1194 histone H3 transcriptional activation marks 1158:1200 The molecular mechanism for these observed changes appears to be, at least in part, due to elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent increases in Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels via elevations in histone H3 transcriptional activation marks. 26598517 1 22 theme O-linked 181:188 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 190:210 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 181:210 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 137:221 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a proposed nutrient sensor that has been shown to regulate multiple biological pathways. 26598517 1 22 theme O-linked 181:188 arg1 O-GlcNAc 213:220 O-GlcNAc 213:220 O-GlcNAc 213:220 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a proposed nutrient sensor that has been shown to regulate multiple biological pathways. 26598517 7 23 from expression 1566:1575 arg1 cell 1589:1592 the beta cell 1580:1592 the beta cell 1580:1592 These findings implicate the O-GlcNAc modification as a potential mechanism for hyperglycemic-regulated gene expression in the beta cell. 26598517 4 24 theme insulin 934:940 arg1 secretion 942:950 glucose-stimulated insulin secretion 915:950 glucose-stimulated insulin secretion 915:950 Using directed pharmacological approaches in the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line, we demonstrate that elevating nuclear O-GlcNAc increases intracellular insulin levels and preserves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during chronic hyperglycemia. 26598517 5 25 from due 1066:1068 arg1 part 1060:1063 part 1060:1063 part 1060:1063 The molecular mechanism for these observed changes appears to be, at least in part, due to elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent increases in Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels via elevations in histone H3 transcriptional activation marks. 26598517 0 26 theme O-Linked 0:7 arg1 O-GlcNAc 32:39 O-GlcNAc 32:39 O-GlcNAc 32:39 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Acts as a Glucose Sensor to Epigenetically Regulate the Insulin Gene in Pancreatic Beta Cells. 26598517 0 26 theme O-Linked 0:7 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 9:29 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 0:29 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 0:40 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Acts as a Glucose Sensor to Epigenetically Regulate the Insulin Gene in Pancreatic Beta Cells. 26598517 0 26 theme O-Linked 0:7 arg1 Sensor 60:65 a Glucose Sensor 50:65 a Glucose Sensor 50:65 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Acts as a Glucose Sensor to Epigenetically Regulate the Insulin Gene in Pancreatic Beta Cells. 26598517 7 27 theme hyperglycemic-regulated 1537:1559 arg1 expression 1566:1575 hyperglycemic-regulated gene expression 1537:1575 hyperglycemic-regulated gene expression in the beta cell 1537:1592 These findings implicate the O-GlcNAc modification as a potential mechanism for hyperglycemic-regulated gene expression in the beta cell. 26598517 1 28 link O-linked 181:188 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 190:210 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 181:210 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 137:221 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a proposed nutrient sensor that has been shown to regulate multiple biological pathways. 26598517 1 28 link O-linked 181:188 arg1 O-GlcNAc 213:220 O-GlcNAc 213:220 O-GlcNAc 213:220 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a proposed nutrient sensor that has been shown to regulate multiple biological pathways. 26598517 5 29 theme O-GlcNAc-dependent 1082:1099 arg1 increases 1101:1109 elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent increases 1073:1109 elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent increases in Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels via elevations in histone H3 transcriptional activation marks 1073:1200 The molecular mechanism for these observed changes appears to be, at least in part, due to elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent increases in Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels via elevations in histone H3 transcriptional activation marks. 26598517 2 30 theme dynamic 320:326 arg1 modification 352:363 This dynamic and inducible enzymatic modification 315:363 This dynamic and inducible enzymatic modification to intracellular proteins 315:389 This dynamic and inducible enzymatic modification to intracellular proteins utilizes the end product of the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, UDP-GlcNAc, as its substrate donor. 26598517 2 31 theme end 404:406 arg1 UDP-GlcNAc 473:482 UDP-GlcNAc 473:482 UDP-GlcNAc 473:482 This dynamic and inducible enzymatic modification to intracellular proteins utilizes the end product of the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, UDP-GlcNAc, as its substrate donor. 26598517 2 31 theme end 404:406 arg1 product 408:414 the end product 400:414 the end product of the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 400:470 This dynamic and inducible enzymatic modification to intracellular proteins utilizes the end product of the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, UDP-GlcNAc, as its substrate donor. 26598517 1 32 theme multiple 285:292 arg1 pathways 305:312 multiple biological pathways 285:312 multiple biological pathways 285:312 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a proposed nutrient sensor that has been shown to regulate multiple biological pathways. 26598517 0 33 theme Pancreatic 114:123 arg1 Cells 130:134 Pancreatic Beta Cells 114:134 Pancreatic Beta Cells 114:134 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Acts as a Glucose Sensor to Epigenetically Regulate the Insulin Gene in Pancreatic Beta Cells. 26598517 4 34 theme insulin 886:892 arg1 levels 894:899 intracellular insulin levels 872:899 intracellular insulin levels 872:899 Using directed pharmacological approaches in the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line, we demonstrate that elevating nuclear O-GlcNAc increases intracellular insulin levels and preserves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during chronic hyperglycemia. 26598517 4 35 theme cell 804:807 arg1 line 809:812 the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line 774:812 the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line 774:812 Using directed pharmacological approaches in the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line, we demonstrate that elevating nuclear O-GlcNAc increases intracellular insulin levels and preserves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during chronic hyperglycemia. 26598517 4 36 theme mouse 778:782 arg1 line 809:812 the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line 774:812 the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line 774:812 Using directed pharmacological approaches in the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line, we demonstrate that elevating nuclear O-GlcNAc increases intracellular insulin levels and preserves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during chronic hyperglycemia. 26598517 2 37 theme biosynthetic 451:462 arg1 pathway 464:470 the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 419:470 the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 419:470 This dynamic and inducible enzymatic modification to intracellular proteins utilizes the end product of the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, UDP-GlcNAc, as its substrate donor. 26598517 2 38 theme pathway 464:470 arg1 UDP-GlcNAc 473:482 UDP-GlcNAc 473:482 UDP-GlcNAc 473:482 This dynamic and inducible enzymatic modification to intracellular proteins utilizes the end product of the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, UDP-GlcNAc, as its substrate donor. 26598517 2 38 theme pathway 464:470 arg1 product 408:414 the end product 400:414 the end product of the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 400:470 This dynamic and inducible enzymatic modification to intracellular proteins utilizes the end product of the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, UDP-GlcNAc, as its substrate donor. 26598517 1 39 theme biological 294:303 arg1 pathways 305:312 multiple biological pathways 285:312 multiple biological pathways 285:312 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a proposed nutrient sensor that has been shown to regulate multiple biological pathways. 26598517 6 40 theme euglycemic 1417:1426 arg1 conditions 1445:1454 euglycemic to hyperglycemic conditions 1417:1454 euglycemic to hyperglycemic conditions 1417:1454 Furthermore, RNA deep sequencing reveals that this mechanism of altered gene transcription is restricted and that the majority of genes regulated by elevated O-GlcNAc levels are similarly regulated by a shift from euglycemic to hyperglycemic conditions. 26598517 6 41 theme gene 1275:1278 arg1 transcription 1280:1292 altered gene transcription 1267:1292 altered gene transcription 1267:1292 Furthermore, RNA deep sequencing reveals that this mechanism of altered gene transcription is restricted and that the majority of genes regulated by elevated O-GlcNAc levels are similarly regulated by a shift from euglycemic to hyperglycemic conditions. 26598517 2 42 theme intracellular 368:380 arg1 proteins 382:389 intracellular proteins 368:389 intracellular proteins 368:389 This dynamic and inducible enzymatic modification to intracellular proteins utilizes the end product of the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, UDP-GlcNAc, as its substrate donor. 26598517 2 43 theme hexosamine 440:449 arg1 pathway 464:470 the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 419:470 the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 419:470 This dynamic and inducible enzymatic modification to intracellular proteins utilizes the end product of the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, UDP-GlcNAc, as its substrate donor. 26598517 3 44 theme beta 701:704 arg1 cells 706:710 beta cells 701:710 beta cells 701:710 Type II diabetic patients have elevated O-GlcNAc-modified proteins within pancreatic beta cells due to chronic hyperglycemia-induced glucose overload, but a molecular role for O-GlcNAc within beta cells remains unclear. 26598517 4 45 theme intracellular 872:884 arg1 levels 894:899 intracellular insulin levels 872:899 intracellular insulin levels 872:899 Using directed pharmacological approaches in the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line, we demonstrate that elevating nuclear O-GlcNAc increases intracellular insulin levels and preserves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during chronic hyperglycemia. 26598517 5 46 from increases 1101:1109 arg1 levels 1133:1138 Ins2 mRNA levels 1123:1138 Ins2 mRNA levels 1123:1138 The molecular mechanism for these observed changes appears to be, at least in part, due to elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent increases in Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels via elevations in histone H3 transcriptional activation marks. 26598517 5 46 from increases 1101:1109 arg1 Ins1 1114:1117 Ins1 1114:1117 Ins1 1114:1117 The molecular mechanism for these observed changes appears to be, at least in part, due to elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent increases in Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels via elevations in histone H3 transcriptional activation marks. 26598517 2 47 theme sensing 432:438 arg1 pathway 464:470 the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 419:470 the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 419:470 This dynamic and inducible enzymatic modification to intracellular proteins utilizes the end product of the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, UDP-GlcNAc, as its substrate donor. 26598517 2 48 theme substrate 492:500 arg1 donor 502:506 its substrate donor 488:506 its substrate donor 488:506 This dynamic and inducible enzymatic modification to intracellular proteins utilizes the end product of the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, UDP-GlcNAc, as its substrate donor. 26598517 5 49 dep activation 1185:1194 arg1 marks 1196:1200 marks 1196:1200 marks 1196:1200 The molecular mechanism for these observed changes appears to be, at least in part, due to elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent increases in Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels via elevations in histone H3 transcriptional activation marks. 26598517 0 50 theme Beta 125:128 arg1 Cells 130:134 Pancreatic Beta Cells 114:134 Pancreatic Beta Cells 114:134 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Acts as a Glucose Sensor to Epigenetically Regulate the Insulin Gene in Pancreatic Beta Cells. 26598517 7 51 theme O-GlcNAc 1486:1493 arg1 modification 1495:1506 the O-GlcNAc modification 1482:1506 the O-GlcNAc modification 1482:1506 These findings implicate the O-GlcNAc modification as a potential mechanism for hyperglycemic-regulated gene expression in the beta cell. 26598517 7 51 theme O-GlcNAc 1486:1493 arg1 mechanism 1523:1531 a potential mechanism 1511:1531 a potential mechanism for hyperglycemic-regulated gene expression in the beta cell 1511:1592 These findings implicate the O-GlcNAc modification as a potential mechanism for hyperglycemic-regulated gene expression in the beta cell. 26598517 2 52 theme nutrient 423:430 arg1 pathway 464:470 the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 419:470 the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 419:470 This dynamic and inducible enzymatic modification to intracellular proteins utilizes the end product of the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, UDP-GlcNAc, as its substrate donor. 26598517 5 53 theme histone 1158:1164 arg1 H3 1166:1167 histone H3 1158:1167 histone H3 transcriptional activation marks 1158:1200 The molecular mechanism for these observed changes appears to be, at least in part, due to elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent increases in Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels via elevations in histone H3 transcriptional activation marks. 26598517 1 54 dep modification 168:179 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 190:210 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 181:210 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 137:221 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a proposed nutrient sensor that has been shown to regulate multiple biological pathways. 26598517 1 54 dep modification 168:179 arg1 O-GlcNAc 213:220 O-GlcNAc 213:220 O-GlcNAc 213:220 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a proposed nutrient sensor that has been shown to regulate multiple biological pathways. 26598517 4 55 theme glucose-stimulated 915:932 arg1 secretion 942:950 glucose-stimulated insulin secretion 915:950 glucose-stimulated insulin secretion 915:950 Using directed pharmacological approaches in the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line, we demonstrate that elevating nuclear O-GlcNAc increases intracellular insulin levels and preserves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during chronic hyperglycemia. 26598517 6 56 theme RNA 1216:1218 arg1 sequencing 1225:1234 RNA deep sequencing 1216:1234 RNA deep sequencing 1216:1234 Furthermore, RNA deep sequencing reveals that this mechanism of altered gene transcription is restricted and that the majority of genes regulated by elevated O-GlcNAc levels are similarly regulated by a shift from euglycemic to hyperglycemic conditions. 26598517 6 57 theme O-GlcNAc 1361:1368 arg1 levels 1370:1375 elevated O-GlcNAc levels 1352:1375 elevated O-GlcNAc levels 1352:1375 Furthermore, RNA deep sequencing reveals that this mechanism of altered gene transcription is restricted and that the majority of genes regulated by elevated O-GlcNAc levels are similarly regulated by a shift from euglycemic to hyperglycemic conditions. 26598517 0 58 from Gene 106:109 arg1 Cells 130:134 Pancreatic Beta Cells 114:134 Pancreatic Beta Cells 114:134 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Acts as a Glucose Sensor to Epigenetically Regulate the Insulin Gene in Pancreatic Beta Cells. 26598517 3 59 theme glucose 642:648 arg1 overload 650:657 chronic hyperglycemia-induced glucose overload 612:657 chronic hyperglycemia-induced glucose overload 612:657 Type II diabetic patients have elevated O-GlcNAc-modified proteins within pancreatic beta cells due to chronic hyperglycemia-induced glucose overload, but a molecular role for O-GlcNAc within beta cells remains unclear. 26598517 3 60 theme diabetic 517:524 arg1 patients 526:533 Type II diabetic patients 509:533 Type II diabetic patients 509:533 Type II diabetic patients have elevated O-GlcNAc-modified proteins within pancreatic beta cells due to chronic hyperglycemia-induced glucose overload, but a molecular role for O-GlcNAc within beta cells remains unclear. 26598517 5 61 theme elevated 1073:1080 arg1 increases 1101:1109 elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent increases 1073:1109 elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent increases in Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels via elevations in histone H3 transcriptional activation marks 1073:1200 The molecular mechanism for these observed changes appears to be, at least in part, due to elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent increases in Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels via elevations in histone H3 transcriptional activation marks. 26598517 5 62 theme Ins2 1123:1126 arg1 levels 1133:1138 Ins2 mRNA levels 1123:1138 Ins2 mRNA levels 1123:1138 The molecular mechanism for these observed changes appears to be, at least in part, due to elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent increases in Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels via elevations in histone H3 transcriptional activation marks. 26598517 3 63 theme molecular 666:674 arg1 role 676:679 a molecular role 664:679 a molecular role for O-GlcNAc within beta cells 664:710 Type II diabetic patients have elevated O-GlcNAc-modified proteins within pancreatic beta cells due to chronic hyperglycemia-induced glucose overload, but a molecular role for O-GlcNAc within beta cells remains unclear. 26598517 2 64 theme enzymatic 342:350 arg1 modification 352:363 This dynamic and inducible enzymatic modification 315:363 This dynamic and inducible enzymatic modification to intracellular proteins 315:389 This dynamic and inducible enzymatic modification to intracellular proteins utilizes the end product of the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, UDP-GlcNAc, as its substrate donor. 26598517 1 65 theme proposed 228:235 arg1 sensor 246:251 a proposed nutrient sensor 226:251 a proposed nutrient sensor that has been shown to regulate multiple biological pathways 226:312 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a proposed nutrient sensor that has been shown to regulate multiple biological pathways. 26598517 1 65 theme proposed 228:235 arg1 modification 168:179 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 137:221 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 137:221 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a proposed nutrient sensor that has been shown to regulate multiple biological pathways. 26598517 5 66 theme mRNA 1128:1131 arg1 levels 1133:1138 Ins2 mRNA levels 1123:1138 Ins2 mRNA levels 1123:1138 The molecular mechanism for these observed changes appears to be, at least in part, due to elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent increases in Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels via elevations in histone H3 transcriptional activation marks. 26598517 4 67 theme insulinoma-6 784:795 arg1 line 809:812 the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line 774:812 the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line 774:812 Using directed pharmacological approaches in the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line, we demonstrate that elevating nuclear O-GlcNAc increases intracellular insulin levels and preserves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during chronic hyperglycemia. 26598517 6 68 from conditions 1445:1454 arg1 shift 1406:1410 a shift 1404:1410 a shift from euglycemic to hyperglycemic conditions 1404:1454 Furthermore, RNA deep sequencing reveals that this mechanism of altered gene transcription is restricted and that the majority of genes regulated by elevated O-GlcNAc levels are similarly regulated by a shift from euglycemic to hyperglycemic conditions. 26598517 2 69 theme inducible 332:340 arg1 modification 352:363 This dynamic and inducible enzymatic modification 315:363 This dynamic and inducible enzymatic modification to intracellular proteins 315:389 This dynamic and inducible enzymatic modification to intracellular proteins utilizes the end product of the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, UDP-GlcNAc, as its substrate donor. 26598517 6 70 dep euglycemic 1417:1426 arg1 hyperglycemic 1431:1443 hyperglycemic 1431:1443 hyperglycemic 1431:1443 Furthermore, RNA deep sequencing reveals that this mechanism of altered gene transcription is restricted and that the majority of genes regulated by elevated O-GlcNAc levels are similarly regulated by a shift from euglycemic to hyperglycemic conditions. 26598517 6 70 dep euglycemic 1417:1426 arg1 to 1428:1429 to 1428:1429 to 1428:1429 Furthermore, RNA deep sequencing reveals that this mechanism of altered gene transcription is restricted and that the majority of genes regulated by elevated O-GlcNAc levels are similarly regulated by a shift from euglycemic to hyperglycemic conditions. 26598517 1 71 theme nutrient 237:244 arg1 sensor 246:251 a proposed nutrient sensor 226:251 a proposed nutrient sensor that has been shown to regulate multiple biological pathways 226:312 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a proposed nutrient sensor that has been shown to regulate multiple biological pathways. 26598517 1 71 theme nutrient 237:244 arg1 modification 168:179 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 137:221 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 137:221 The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a proposed nutrient sensor that has been shown to regulate multiple biological pathways. 26598517 7 72 theme gene 1561:1564 arg1 expression 1566:1575 hyperglycemic-regulated gene expression 1537:1575 hyperglycemic-regulated gene expression in the beta cell 1537:1592 These findings implicate the O-GlcNAc modification as a potential mechanism for hyperglycemic-regulated gene expression in the beta cell. 26598517 6 73 theme transcription 1280:1292 arg1 mechanism 1254:1262 this mechanism 1249:1262 this mechanism of altered gene transcription 1249:1292 Furthermore, RNA deep sequencing reveals that this mechanism of altered gene transcription is restricted and that the majority of genes regulated by elevated O-GlcNAc levels are similarly regulated by a shift from euglycemic to hyperglycemic conditions. 26598517 3 74 theme elevated 540:547 arg1 proteins 567:574 elevated O-GlcNAc-modified proteins 540:574 elevated O-GlcNAc-modified proteins within pancreatic beta cells 540:603 Type II diabetic patients have elevated O-GlcNAc-modified proteins within pancreatic beta cells due to chronic hyperglycemia-induced glucose overload, but a molecular role for O-GlcNAc within beta cells remains unclear. 26598517 0 75 theme Glucose 52:58 arg1 Sensor 60:65 a Glucose Sensor 50:65 a Glucose Sensor 50:65 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Acts as a Glucose Sensor to Epigenetically Regulate the Insulin Gene in Pancreatic Beta Cells. 26598517 0 75 theme Glucose 52:58 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 9:29 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 0:29 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 0:40 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Acts as a Glucose Sensor to Epigenetically Regulate the Insulin Gene in Pancreatic Beta Cells. 26598517 3 76 contain have 535:538 arg2 proteins 567:574 elevated O-GlcNAc-modified proteins 540:574 elevated O-GlcNAc-modified proteins within pancreatic beta cells 540:603 Type II diabetic patients have elevated O-GlcNAc-modified proteins within pancreatic beta cells due to chronic hyperglycemia-induced glucose overload, but a molecular role for O-GlcNAc within beta cells remains unclear. 26598517 3 76 contain have 535:538 arg1 patients 526:533 Type II diabetic patients 509:533 Type II diabetic patients 509:533 Type II diabetic patients have elevated O-GlcNAc-modified proteins within pancreatic beta cells due to chronic hyperglycemia-induced glucose overload, but a molecular role for O-GlcNAc within beta cells remains unclear. 26598517 4 77 theme nuclear 845:851 arg1 O-GlcNAc 853:860 nuclear O-GlcNAc 845:860 nuclear O-GlcNAc 845:860 Using directed pharmacological approaches in the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line, we demonstrate that elevating nuclear O-GlcNAc increases intracellular insulin levels and preserves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during chronic hyperglycemia. 26598517 6 78 theme altered 1267:1273 arg1 transcription 1280:1292 altered gene transcription 1267:1292 altered gene transcription 1267:1292 Furthermore, RNA deep sequencing reveals that this mechanism of altered gene transcription is restricted and that the majority of genes regulated by elevated O-GlcNAc levels are similarly regulated by a shift from euglycemic to hyperglycemic conditions. 26598517 3 79 theme O-GlcNAc-modified 549:565 arg1 proteins 567:574 elevated O-GlcNAc-modified proteins 540:574 elevated O-GlcNAc-modified proteins within pancreatic beta cells 540:603 Type II diabetic patients have elevated O-GlcNAc-modified proteins within pancreatic beta cells due to chronic hyperglycemia-induced glucose overload, but a molecular role for O-GlcNAc within beta cells remains unclear. 26598517 4 80 from approaches 760:769 arg1 line 809:812 the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line 774:812 the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line 774:812 Using directed pharmacological approaches in the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line, we demonstrate that elevating nuclear O-GlcNAc increases intracellular insulin levels and preserves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during chronic hyperglycemia. 24491155 3 0 theme cell 526:529 arg1 types 531:535 different cell types 516:535 different cell types 516:535 Existing analytical strategies to determine sialylation patterns are mostly applied to tissue samples consisting of a mixture of different cell types. 24491155 6 1 theme functional 901:910 arg1 subunits 912:919 functional subunits 901:919 functional subunits 901:919 To overcome these limitations, we employed laser microdissection to isolate defined cell types or functional subunits and cell populations of paraffin embedded specimens which represent the most abundant supply of human tissue associated with clinical records. 24491155 7 2 theme sialic 1135:1140 arg1 acids 1142:1146 sialic acids 1135:1146 sialic acids 1135:1146 For qualitative and quantitative estimation of the sialylation status, sialic acids were released, fluorescently labeled, and analyzed by an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system. 24491155 3 3 theme different 516:524 arg1 types 531:535 different cell types 516:535 different cell types 516:535 Existing analytical strategies to determine sialylation patterns are mostly applied to tissue samples consisting of a mixture of different cell types. 24491155 1 4 theme tumor 260:264 arg1 metastasis 266:275 tumor metastasis 260:275 tumor metastasis 260:275 In vertebrates, sialic acids occur at the terminal end of glycans mediating numerous biological processes like cell differentiation or tumor metastasis. 24491155 7 5 theme status 1127:1132 arg1 estimation 1097:1106 qualitative and quantitative estimation 1068:1106 qualitative and quantitative estimation of the sialylation status 1068:1132 For qualitative and quantitative estimation of the sialylation status, sialic acids were released, fluorescently labeled, and analyzed by an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system. 24491155 6 6 theme defined 879:885 arg1 types 892:896 defined cell types 879:896 defined cell types 879:896 To overcome these limitations, we employed laser microdissection to isolate defined cell types or functional subunits and cell populations of paraffin embedded specimens which represent the most abundant supply of human tissue associated with clinical records. 24491155 2 7 theme sialylation 305:315 arg1 status 317:322 the cellular sialylation status 292:322 the cellular sialylation status under healthy and pathological conditions 292:364 Consequently, the cellular sialylation status under healthy and pathological conditions is of high interest. 24491155 1 8 theme terminal 167:174 arg1 end 176:178 the terminal end 163:178 the terminal end of glycans mediating numerous biological processes like cell differentiation or tumor metastasis 163:275 In vertebrates, sialic acids occur at the terminal end of glycans mediating numerous biological processes like cell differentiation or tumor metastasis. 24491155 0 9 theme cell 107:110 arg1 populations 112:122 selected cell populations 98:122 selected cell populations 98:122 Laser microdissection of paraffin embedded tissue as a tool to estimate the sialylation status of selected cell populations. 24491155 6 10 theme specimens 963:971 arg1 types 892:896 defined cell types 879:896 defined cell types 879:896 To overcome these limitations, we employed laser microdissection to isolate defined cell types or functional subunits and cell populations of paraffin embedded specimens which represent the most abundant supply of human tissue associated with clinical records. 24491155 6 10 theme specimens 963:971 arg1 subunits 912:919 functional subunits 901:919 functional subunits 901:919 To overcome these limitations, we employed laser microdissection to isolate defined cell types or functional subunits and cell populations of paraffin embedded specimens which represent the most abundant supply of human tissue associated with clinical records. 24491155 6 10 theme specimens 963:971 arg1 populations 930:940 cell populations 925:940 cell populations 925:940 To overcome these limitations, we employed laser microdissection to isolate defined cell types or functional subunits and cell populations of paraffin embedded specimens which represent the most abundant supply of human tissue associated with clinical records. 24491155 10 11 theme defined 1850:1856 arg1 populations 1863:1873 defined cell populations 1850:1873 defined cell populations 1850:1873 Thus, starting from paraffin embedded tissue samples, the outlined approach offers a sensitive method to detect and quantify sialic acids on defined cell populations, which may be useful to explore novel sialic acid dependent roles during physiological and pathological processes. 24491155 9 12 theme kidney 1534:1539 arg1 maturation 1541:1550 kidney maturation 1534:1550 kidney maturation 1534:1550 Furthermore, it was possible to detect an impaired sialylation during kidney maturation in a transgenic mouse model, which was restricted to glomeruli, whereas no differences in sialylation were observed when whole kidney homogenates were used. 24491155 9 13 gly detect 1496:1501 arg1 model 1574:1578 a transgenic mouse model 1555:1578 a transgenic mouse model 1555:1578 Furthermore, it was possible to detect an impaired sialylation during kidney maturation in a transgenic mouse model, which was restricted to glomeruli, whereas no differences in sialylation were observed when whole kidney homogenates were used. 24491155 5 14 theme estimated 687:695 arg1 result 765:770 the result 761:770 the result of a changed cell composition 761:800 Likewise, estimated variations in sialylation in tissue homogenates might be simply the result of a changed cell composition. 24491155 5 14 theme estimated 687:695 arg1 variations 697:706 estimated variations 687:706 estimated variations in sialylation in tissue homogenates 687:743 Likewise, estimated variations in sialylation in tissue homogenates might be simply the result of a changed cell composition. 24491155 9 15 theme transgenic 1557:1566 arg1 model 1574:1578 a transgenic mouse model 1555:1578 a transgenic mouse model 1555:1578 Furthermore, it was possible to detect an impaired sialylation during kidney maturation in a transgenic mouse model, which was restricted to glomeruli, whereas no differences in sialylation were observed when whole kidney homogenates were used. 24491155 6 16 theme human 1017:1021 arg1 tissue 1023:1028 human tissue 1017:1028 human tissue associated with clinical records 1017:1061 To overcome these limitations, we employed laser microdissection to isolate defined cell types or functional subunits and cell populations of paraffin embedded specimens which represent the most abundant supply of human tissue associated with clinical records. 24491155 7 17 theme ionization-mass 1264:1278 arg1 HPLC-ESI-MS 1294:1304 HPLC-ESI-MS 1294:1304 HPLC-ESI-MS 1294:1304 For qualitative and quantitative estimation of the sialylation status, sialic acids were released, fluorescently labeled, and analyzed by an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system. 24491155 7 17 theme ionization-mass 1264:1278 arg1 spectrometry 1280:1291 online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry 1205:1291 an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system 1202:1312 For qualitative and quantitative estimation of the sialylation status, sialic acids were released, fluorescently labeled, and analyzed by an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system. 24491155 0 18 theme sialylation 76:86 arg1 status 88:93 the sialylation status 72:93 the sialylation status of selected cell populations 72:122 Laser microdissection of paraffin embedded tissue as a tool to estimate the sialylation status of selected cell populations. 24491155 3 19 dep strategies 407:416 arg1 determine 421:429 determine 421:429 to determine sialylation patterns 418:450 Existing analytical strategies to determine sialylation patterns are mostly applied to tissue samples consisting of a mixture of different cell types. 24491155 7 20 theme online 1205:1210 arg1 HPLC-ESI-MS 1294:1304 HPLC-ESI-MS 1294:1304 HPLC-ESI-MS 1294:1304 For qualitative and quantitative estimation of the sialylation status, sialic acids were released, fluorescently labeled, and analyzed by an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system. 24491155 7 20 theme online 1205:1210 arg1 spectrometry 1280:1291 online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry 1205:1291 an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system 1202:1312 For qualitative and quantitative estimation of the sialylation status, sialic acids were released, fluorescently labeled, and analyzed by an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system. 24491155 3 21 theme Existing 387:394 arg1 strategies 407:416 Existing analytical strategies 387:416 Existing analytical strategies to determine sialylation patterns 387:450 Existing analytical strategies to determine sialylation patterns are mostly applied to tissue samples consisting of a mixture of different cell types. 24491155 8 22 theme apical 1418:1423 arg1 region 1425:1430 the apical region 1414:1430 the apical region of epididymal epithelial cells 1414:1461 As a proof of principle, this strategy was successfully applied to characterize the sialylation of the apical region of epididymal epithelial cells. 24491155 0 23 theme Laser 0:4 arg1 microdissection 6:20 Laser microdissection 0:20 Laser microdissection of paraffin embedded tissue as a tool 0:58 Laser microdissection of paraffin embedded tissue as a tool to estimate the sialylation status of selected cell populations. 24491155 4 24 from status 569:574 arg1 population 628:637 a specific cell population 612:637 a specific cell population 612:637 Alterations in the sialylation status in a distinct area of tissues or in a specific cell population may, therefore, be easily overlooked. 24491155 4 24 from status 569:574 arg1 area 590:593 a distinct area 579:593 a distinct area of tissues 579:604 Alterations in the sialylation status in a distinct area of tissues or in a specific cell population may, therefore, be easily overlooked. 24491155 8 25 gly sialylation 1399:1409 arg1 region 1425:1430 the apical region 1414:1430 the apical region of epididymal epithelial cells 1414:1461 As a proof of principle, this strategy was successfully applied to characterize the sialylation of the apical region of epididymal epithelial cells. 24491155 8 26 theme epithelial 1446:1455 arg1 cells 1457:1461 epididymal epithelial cells 1435:1461 epididymal epithelial cells 1435:1461 As a proof of principle, this strategy was successfully applied to characterize the sialylation of the apical region of epididymal epithelial cells. 24491155 5 27 theme changed 777:783 arg1 composition 790:800 a changed cell composition 775:800 a changed cell composition 775:800 Likewise, estimated variations in sialylation in tissue homogenates might be simply the result of a changed cell composition. 24491155 0 28 theme embedded 34:41 arg1 tissue 43:48 paraffin embedded tissue 25:48 paraffin embedded tissue 25:48 Laser microdissection of paraffin embedded tissue as a tool to estimate the sialylation status of selected cell populations. 24491155 6 29 theme clinical 1046:1053 arg1 records 1055:1061 clinical records 1046:1061 clinical records 1046:1061 To overcome these limitations, we employed laser microdissection to isolate defined cell types or functional subunits and cell populations of paraffin embedded specimens which represent the most abundant supply of human tissue associated with clinical records. 24491155 9 30 used used 1703:1706 arg2 homogenates 1686:1696 whole kidney homogenates 1673:1696 whole kidney homogenates 1673:1696 Furthermore, it was possible to detect an impaired sialylation during kidney maturation in a transgenic mouse model, which was restricted to glomeruli, whereas no differences in sialylation were observed when whole kidney homogenates were used. 24491155 2 31 theme pathological 342:353 arg1 conditions 355:364 healthy and pathological conditions 330:364 healthy and pathological conditions 330:364 Consequently, the cellular sialylation status under healthy and pathological conditions is of high interest. 24491155 5 32 theme composition 790:800 arg1 result 765:770 the result 761:770 the result of a changed cell composition 761:800 Likewise, estimated variations in sialylation in tissue homogenates might be simply the result of a changed cell composition. 24491155 5 32 theme composition 790:800 arg1 variations 697:706 estimated variations 687:706 estimated variations in sialylation in tissue homogenates 687:743 Likewise, estimated variations in sialylation in tissue homogenates might be simply the result of a changed cell composition. 24491155 10 33 theme tissue 1747:1752 arg1 samples 1754:1760 paraffin embedded tissue samples 1729:1760 paraffin embedded tissue samples 1729:1760 Thus, starting from paraffin embedded tissue samples, the outlined approach offers a sensitive method to detect and quantify sialic acids on defined cell populations, which may be useful to explore novel sialic acid dependent roles during physiological and pathological processes. 24491155 1 34 theme numerous 201:208 arg1 processes 221:229 numerous biological processes 201:229 numerous biological processes 201:229 In vertebrates, sialic acids occur at the terminal end of glycans mediating numerous biological processes like cell differentiation or tumor metastasis. 24491155 9 35 theme whole 1673:1677 arg1 homogenates 1686:1696 whole kidney homogenates 1673:1696 whole kidney homogenates 1673:1696 Furthermore, it was possible to detect an impaired sialylation during kidney maturation in a transgenic mouse model, which was restricted to glomeruli, whereas no differences in sialylation were observed when whole kidney homogenates were used. 24491155 10 36 theme novel 1907:1911 arg1 roles 1935:1939 novel sialic acid dependent roles 1907:1939 novel sialic acid dependent roles 1907:1939 Thus, starting from paraffin embedded tissue samples, the outlined approach offers a sensitive method to detect and quantify sialic acids on defined cell populations, which may be useful to explore novel sialic acid dependent roles during physiological and pathological processes. 24491155 3 37 theme types 531:535 arg1 mixture 505:511 a mixture 503:511 a mixture of different cell types 503:535 Existing analytical strategies to determine sialylation patterns are mostly applied to tissue samples consisting of a mixture of different cell types. 24491155 6 38 theme cell 925:928 arg1 populations 930:940 cell populations 925:940 cell populations 925:940 To overcome these limitations, we employed laser microdissection to isolate defined cell types or functional subunits and cell populations of paraffin embedded specimens which represent the most abundant supply of human tissue associated with clinical records. 24491155 4 39 theme specific 614:621 arg1 population 628:637 a specific cell population 612:637 a specific cell population 612:637 Alterations in the sialylation status in a distinct area of tissues or in a specific cell population may, therefore, be easily overlooked. 24491155 10 40 theme physiological 1948:1960 arg1 processes 1979:1987 physiological and pathological processes 1948:1987 physiological and pathological processes 1948:1987 Thus, starting from paraffin embedded tissue samples, the outlined approach offers a sensitive method to detect and quantify sialic acids on defined cell populations, which may be useful to explore novel sialic acid dependent roles during physiological and pathological processes. 24491155 10 41 theme outlined 1767:1774 arg1 approach 1776:1783 the outlined approach 1763:1783 the outlined approach 1763:1783 Thus, starting from paraffin embedded tissue samples, the outlined approach offers a sensitive method to detect and quantify sialic acids on defined cell populations, which may be useful to explore novel sialic acid dependent roles during physiological and pathological processes. 24491155 1 42 theme cell 236:239 arg1 differentiation 241:255 cell differentiation 236:255 cell differentiation 236:255 In vertebrates, sialic acids occur at the terminal end of glycans mediating numerous biological processes like cell differentiation or tumor metastasis. 24491155 5 43 from variations 697:706 arg1 sialylation 711:721 sialylation 711:721 sialylation 711:721 Likewise, estimated variations in sialylation in tissue homogenates might be simply the result of a changed cell composition. 24491155 5 43 from variations 697:706 arg1 homogenates 733:743 tissue homogenates 726:743 tissue homogenates 726:743 Likewise, estimated variations in sialylation in tissue homogenates might be simply the result of a changed cell composition. 24491155 4 44 theme tissues 598:604 arg1 area 590:593 a distinct area 579:593 a distinct area of tissues 579:604 Alterations in the sialylation status in a distinct area of tissues or in a specific cell population may, therefore, be easily overlooked. 24491155 7 45 theme sialylation 1115:1125 arg1 status 1127:1132 the sialylation status 1111:1132 the sialylation status 1111:1132 For qualitative and quantitative estimation of the sialylation status, sialic acids were released, fluorescently labeled, and analyzed by an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system. 24491155 10 46 theme sensitive 1794:1802 arg1 method 1804:1809 a sensitive method 1792:1809 a sensitive method to detect and quantify sialic acids on defined cell populations, which may be useful to explore novel sialic acid dependent roles during physiological and pathological processes 1792:1987 Thus, starting from paraffin embedded tissue samples, the outlined approach offers a sensitive method to detect and quantify sialic acids on defined cell populations, which may be useful to explore novel sialic acid dependent roles during physiological and pathological processes. 24491155 4 47 from Alterations 538:548 arg1 status 569:574 the sialylation status 553:574 the sialylation status in a distinct area of tissues or in a specific cell population 553:637 Alterations in the sialylation status in a distinct area of tissues or in a specific cell population may, therefore, be easily overlooked. 24491155 6 48 theme cell 887:890 arg1 types 892:896 defined cell types 879:896 defined cell types 879:896 To overcome these limitations, we employed laser microdissection to isolate defined cell types or functional subunits and cell populations of paraffin embedded specimens which represent the most abundant supply of human tissue associated with clinical records. 24491155 10 49 theme pathological 1966:1977 arg1 processes 1979:1987 physiological and pathological processes 1948:1987 physiological and pathological processes 1948:1987 Thus, starting from paraffin embedded tissue samples, the outlined approach offers a sensitive method to detect and quantify sialic acids on defined cell populations, which may be useful to explore novel sialic acid dependent roles during physiological and pathological processes. 24491155 10 50 theme sialic 1834:1839 arg1 acids 1841:1845 sialic acids 1834:1845 sialic acids 1834:1845 Thus, starting from paraffin embedded tissue samples, the outlined approach offers a sensitive method to detect and quantify sialic acids on defined cell populations, which may be useful to explore novel sialic acid dependent roles during physiological and pathological processes. 24491155 7 51 theme quantitative 1084:1095 arg1 estimation 1097:1106 qualitative and quantitative estimation 1068:1106 qualitative and quantitative estimation of the sialylation status 1068:1132 For qualitative and quantitative estimation of the sialylation status, sialic acids were released, fluorescently labeled, and analyzed by an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system. 24491155 2 52 theme cellular 296:303 arg1 status 317:322 the cellular sialylation status 292:322 the cellular sialylation status under healthy and pathological conditions 292:364 Consequently, the cellular sialylation status under healthy and pathological conditions is of high interest. 24491155 9 53 theme impaired 1506:1513 arg1 sialylation 1515:1525 an impaired sialylation 1503:1525 an impaired sialylation 1503:1525 Furthermore, it was possible to detect an impaired sialylation during kidney maturation in a transgenic mouse model, which was restricted to glomeruli, whereas no differences in sialylation were observed when whole kidney homogenates were used. 24491155 7 54 theme qualitative 1068:1078 arg1 estimation 1097:1106 qualitative and quantitative estimation 1068:1106 qualitative and quantitative estimation of the sialylation status 1068:1132 For qualitative and quantitative estimation of the sialylation status, sialic acids were released, fluorescently labeled, and analyzed by an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system. 24491155 10 55 theme cell 1858:1861 arg1 populations 1863:1873 defined cell populations 1850:1873 defined cell populations 1850:1873 Thus, starting from paraffin embedded tissue samples, the outlined approach offers a sensitive method to detect and quantify sialic acids on defined cell populations, which may be useful to explore novel sialic acid dependent roles during physiological and pathological processes. 24491155 1 56 theme glycans 183:189 arg1 end 176:178 the terminal end 163:178 the terminal end of glycans mediating numerous biological processes like cell differentiation or tumor metastasis 163:275 In vertebrates, sialic acids occur at the terminal end of glycans mediating numerous biological processes like cell differentiation or tumor metastasis. 24491155 6 57 theme embedded 954:961 arg1 specimens 963:971 paraffin embedded specimens 945:971 paraffin embedded specimens 945:971 To overcome these limitations, we employed laser microdissection to isolate defined cell types or functional subunits and cell populations of paraffin embedded specimens which represent the most abundant supply of human tissue associated with clinical records. 24491155 7 58 theme high-performance 1212:1227 arg1 HPLC-ESI-MS 1294:1304 HPLC-ESI-MS 1294:1304 HPLC-ESI-MS 1294:1304 For qualitative and quantitative estimation of the sialylation status, sialic acids were released, fluorescently labeled, and analyzed by an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system. 24491155 7 58 theme high-performance 1212:1227 arg1 spectrometry 1280:1291 online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry 1205:1291 an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system 1202:1312 For qualitative and quantitative estimation of the sialylation status, sialic acids were released, fluorescently labeled, and analyzed by an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system. 24491155 0 59 theme populations 112:122 arg1 status 88:93 the sialylation status 72:93 the sialylation status of selected cell populations 72:122 Laser microdissection of paraffin embedded tissue as a tool to estimate the sialylation status of selected cell populations. 24491155 8 60 theme principle 1329:1337 arg1 strategy 1345:1352 this strategy 1340:1352 this strategy 1340:1352 As a proof of principle, this strategy was successfully applied to characterize the sialylation of the apical region of epididymal epithelial cells. 24491155 8 60 theme principle 1329:1337 arg1 proof 1320:1324 a proof 1318:1324 a proof of principle 1318:1337 As a proof of principle, this strategy was successfully applied to characterize the sialylation of the apical region of epididymal epithelial cells. 24491155 9 61 from differences 1627:1637 arg1 sialylation 1642:1652 sialylation 1642:1652 sialylation 1642:1652 Furthermore, it was possible to detect an impaired sialylation during kidney maturation in a transgenic mouse model, which was restricted to glomeruli, whereas no differences in sialylation were observed when whole kidney homogenates were used. 24491155 2 62 theme healthy 330:336 arg1 conditions 355:364 healthy and pathological conditions 330:364 healthy and pathological conditions 330:364 Consequently, the cellular sialylation status under healthy and pathological conditions is of high interest. 24491155 7 63 theme spectrometry 1280:1291 arg1 system 1307:1312 an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system 1202:1312 an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system 1202:1312 For qualitative and quantitative estimation of the sialylation status, sialic acids were released, fluorescently labeled, and analyzed by an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system. 24491155 9 64 theme mouse 1568:1572 arg1 model 1574:1578 a transgenic mouse model 1555:1578 a transgenic mouse model 1555:1578 Furthermore, it was possible to detect an impaired sialylation during kidney maturation in a transgenic mouse model, which was restricted to glomeruli, whereas no differences in sialylation were observed when whole kidney homogenates were used. 24491155 6 65 theme tissue 1023:1028 arg1 supply 1007:1012 the most abundant supply 989:1012 the most abundant supply of human tissue associated with clinical records 989:1061 To overcome these limitations, we employed laser microdissection to isolate defined cell types or functional subunits and cell populations of paraffin embedded specimens which represent the most abundant supply of human tissue associated with clinical records. 24491155 7 66 theme liquid 1229:1234 arg1 HPLC-ESI-MS 1294:1304 HPLC-ESI-MS 1294:1304 HPLC-ESI-MS 1294:1304 For qualitative and quantitative estimation of the sialylation status, sialic acids were released, fluorescently labeled, and analyzed by an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system. 24491155 7 66 theme liquid 1229:1234 arg1 spectrometry 1280:1291 online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry 1205:1291 an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system 1202:1312 For qualitative and quantitative estimation of the sialylation status, sialic acids were released, fluorescently labeled, and analyzed by an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system. 24491155 7 67 theme chromatography-electrospray 1236:1262 arg1 HPLC-ESI-MS 1294:1304 HPLC-ESI-MS 1294:1304 HPLC-ESI-MS 1294:1304 For qualitative and quantitative estimation of the sialylation status, sialic acids were released, fluorescently labeled, and analyzed by an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system. 24491155 7 67 theme chromatography-electrospray 1236:1262 arg1 spectrometry 1280:1291 online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry 1205:1291 an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system 1202:1312 For qualitative and quantitative estimation of the sialylation status, sialic acids were released, fluorescently labeled, and analyzed by an online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system. 24491155 1 68 theme sialic 141:146 arg1 acids 148:152 sialic acids 141:152 sialic acids 141:152 In vertebrates, sialic acids occur at the terminal end of glycans mediating numerous biological processes like cell differentiation or tumor metastasis. 24491155 5 69 theme tissue 726:731 arg1 homogenates 733:743 tissue homogenates 726:743 tissue homogenates 726:743 Likewise, estimated variations in sialylation in tissue homogenates might be simply the result of a changed cell composition. 24491155 6 70 theme abundant 998:1005 arg1 supply 1007:1012 the most abundant supply 989:1012 the most abundant supply of human tissue associated with clinical records 989:1061 To overcome these limitations, we employed laser microdissection to isolate defined cell types or functional subunits and cell populations of paraffin embedded specimens which represent the most abundant supply of human tissue associated with clinical records. 24491155 0 71 theme selected 98:105 arg1 populations 112:122 selected cell populations 98:122 selected cell populations 98:122 Laser microdissection of paraffin embedded tissue as a tool to estimate the sialylation status of selected cell populations. 24491155 0 72 gly sialylation 76:86 arg1 populations 112:122 selected cell populations 98:122 selected cell populations 98:122 Laser microdissection of paraffin embedded tissue as a tool to estimate the sialylation status of selected cell populations. 24491155 3 73 theme analytical 396:405 arg1 strategies 407:416 Existing analytical strategies 387:416 Existing analytical strategies to determine sialylation patterns 387:450 Existing analytical strategies to determine sialylation patterns are mostly applied to tissue samples consisting of a mixture of different cell types. 24491155 4 74 theme distinct 581:588 arg1 area 590:593 a distinct area 579:593 a distinct area of tissues 579:604 Alterations in the sialylation status in a distinct area of tissues or in a specific cell population may, therefore, be easily overlooked. 24491155 8 75 theme region 1425:1430 arg1 sialylation 1399:1409 the sialylation 1395:1409 the sialylation of the apical region of epididymal epithelial cells 1395:1461 As a proof of principle, this strategy was successfully applied to characterize the sialylation of the apical region of epididymal epithelial cells. 24491155 2 76 theme high 372:375 arg1 interest 377:384 high interest 372:384 high interest 372:384 Consequently, the cellular sialylation status under healthy and pathological conditions is of high interest. 24491155 0 77 theme tissue 43:48 arg1 microdissection 6:20 Laser microdissection 0:20 Laser microdissection of paraffin embedded tissue as a tool 0:58 Laser microdissection of paraffin embedded tissue as a tool to estimate the sialylation status of selected cell populations. 24491155 3 78 theme sialylation 431:441 arg1 patterns 443:450 sialylation patterns 431:450 sialylation patterns 431:450 Existing analytical strategies to determine sialylation patterns are mostly applied to tissue samples consisting of a mixture of different cell types. 24491155 8 79 theme epididymal 1435:1444 arg1 cells 1457:1461 epididymal epithelial cells 1435:1461 epididymal epithelial cells 1435:1461 As a proof of principle, this strategy was successfully applied to characterize the sialylation of the apical region of epididymal epithelial cells. 24491155 3 80 theme tissue 474:479 arg1 samples 481:487 tissue samples 474:487 tissue samples consisting of a mixture of different cell types 474:535 Existing analytical strategies to determine sialylation patterns are mostly applied to tissue samples consisting of a mixture of different cell types. 24491155 5 81 theme cell 785:788 arg1 composition 790:800 a changed cell composition 775:800 a changed cell composition 775:800 Likewise, estimated variations in sialylation in tissue homogenates might be simply the result of a changed cell composition. 24491155 6 82 theme laser 846:850 arg1 microdissection 852:866 laser microdissection 846:866 laser microdissection 846:866 To overcome these limitations, we employed laser microdissection to isolate defined cell types or functional subunits and cell populations of paraffin embedded specimens which represent the most abundant supply of human tissue associated with clinical records. 24491155 4 83 theme sialylation 557:567 arg1 status 569:574 the sialylation status 553:574 the sialylation status in a distinct area of tissues or in a specific cell population 553:637 Alterations in the sialylation status in a distinct area of tissues or in a specific cell population may, therefore, be easily overlooked. 24491155 10 84 theme dependent 1925:1933 arg1 roles 1935:1939 novel sialic acid dependent roles 1907:1939 novel sialic acid dependent roles 1907:1939 Thus, starting from paraffin embedded tissue samples, the outlined approach offers a sensitive method to detect and quantify sialic acids on defined cell populations, which may be useful to explore novel sialic acid dependent roles during physiological and pathological processes. 24491155 8 85 theme cells 1457:1461 arg1 region 1425:1430 the apical region 1414:1430 the apical region of epididymal epithelial cells 1414:1461 As a proof of principle, this strategy was successfully applied to characterize the sialylation of the apical region of epididymal epithelial cells. 24491155 10 86 theme sialic 1913:1918 arg1 acid 1920:1923 sialic acid 1913:1923 sialic acid 1913:1923 Thus, starting from paraffin embedded tissue samples, the outlined approach offers a sensitive method to detect and quantify sialic acids on defined cell populations, which may be useful to explore novel sialic acid dependent roles during physiological and pathological processes. 24491155 10 87 theme embedded 1738:1745 arg1 samples 1754:1760 paraffin embedded tissue samples 1729:1760 paraffin embedded tissue samples 1729:1760 Thus, starting from paraffin embedded tissue samples, the outlined approach offers a sensitive method to detect and quantify sialic acids on defined cell populations, which may be useful to explore novel sialic acid dependent roles during physiological and pathological processes. 24491155 1 88 theme biological 210:219 arg1 processes 221:229 numerous biological processes 201:229 numerous biological processes 201:229 In vertebrates, sialic acids occur at the terminal end of glycans mediating numerous biological processes like cell differentiation or tumor metastasis. 24491155 9 89 theme kidney 1679:1684 arg1 homogenates 1686:1696 whole kidney homogenates 1673:1696 whole kidney homogenates 1673:1696 Furthermore, it was possible to detect an impaired sialylation during kidney maturation in a transgenic mouse model, which was restricted to glomeruli, whereas no differences in sialylation were observed when whole kidney homogenates were used. 24491155 4 90 theme cell 623:626 arg1 population 628:637 a specific cell population 612:637 a specific cell population 612:637 Alterations in the sialylation status in a distinct area of tissues or in a specific cell population may, therefore, be easily overlooked. 26915062 3 0 theme hybrid 646:651 arg1 h-MC 667:670 h-MC 667:670 h-MC 667:670 This paper reports the design of a hybrid microcapsule (h-MC) by a simple layer-by-layer technique comprising polysaccharides (sodium alginate, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid), iron oxide, and graphene oxide (GO). 26915062 3 0 theme hybrid 646:651 arg1 microcapsule 653:664 a hybrid microcapsule 644:664 a hybrid microcapsule (h-MC) 644:671 This paper reports the design of a hybrid microcapsule (h-MC) by a simple layer-by-layer technique comprising polysaccharides (sodium alginate, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid), iron oxide, and graphene oxide (GO). 26915062 2 1 theme poor 550:553 arg1 bioavailability 555:569 poor bioavailability 550:569 poor bioavailability 550:569 Thus, many DDS systems have been reported that combined different triggers; however, limited success has been established in fine-tuning the release process, mainly due to the poor bioavailability and complexity of the reported designs. 26915062 4 2 theme pH 968:969 arg1 control 971:977 pH control 968:977 pH control 968:977 Electrostatic assembly of the oppositely charged polysaccharides and graphene sheets provided a robust structure in which to load drugs through pH control. 26915062 3 3 theme hyaluronic 769:778 arg1 acid 780:783 hyaluronic acid 769:783 hyaluronic acid 769:783 This paper reports the design of a hybrid microcapsule (h-MC) by a simple layer-by-layer technique comprising polysaccharides (sodium alginate, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid), iron oxide, and graphene oxide (GO). 26915062 0 4 theme Drug 96:99 arg1 Release 101:107 On-Demand Drug Release 86:107 On-Demand Drug Release 86:107 Hybrid Iron Oxide-Graphene Oxide-Polysaccharides Microcapsule: A Micro-Matryoshka for On-Demand Drug Release and Antitumor Therapy In Vivo. 26915062 1 5 theme single 314:319 arg1 stimulus 330:337 a single external stimulus 312:337 a single external stimulus 312:337 Premature drug release is a common drawback in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS), especially if it depends on internal triggers, which are hard to control, or a single external stimulus, which can only have one function. 26915062 2 6 dep reported 407:414 arg1 triggers 440:447 combined different triggers 421:447 combined different triggers 421:447 Thus, many DDS systems have been reported that combined different triggers; however, limited success has been established in fine-tuning the release process, mainly due to the poor bioavailability and complexity of the reported designs. 26915062 1 7 theme common 168:173 arg1 drawback 175:182 a common drawback 166:182 a common drawback in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS) 166:232 Premature drug release is a common drawback in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS), especially if it depends on internal triggers, which are hard to control, or a single external stimulus, which can only have one function. 26915062 1 7 theme common 168:173 arg1 release 155:161 Premature drug release 140:161 Premature drug release 140:161 Premature drug release is a common drawback in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS), especially if it depends on internal triggers, which are hard to control, or a single external stimulus, which can only have one function. 26915062 0 8 theme Antitumor 113:121 arg1 Therapy 123:129 Antitumor Therapy 113:129 Antitumor Therapy In Vivo 113:137 Hybrid Iron Oxide-Graphene Oxide-Polysaccharides Microcapsule: A Micro-Matryoshka for On-Demand Drug Release and Antitumor Therapy In Vivo. 26915062 1 9 theme external 321:328 arg1 stimulus 330:337 a single external stimulus 312:337 a single external stimulus 312:337 Premature drug release is a common drawback in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS), especially if it depends on internal triggers, which are hard to control, or a single external stimulus, which can only have one function. 26915062 2 10 theme designs 602:608 arg1 complexity 575:584 complexity 575:584 complexity 575:584 Thus, many DDS systems have been reported that combined different triggers; however, limited success has been established in fine-tuning the release process, mainly due to the poor bioavailability and complexity of the reported designs. 26915062 2 10 theme designs 602:608 arg1 bioavailability 555:569 poor bioavailability 550:569 poor bioavailability 550:569 Thus, many DDS systems have been reported that combined different triggers; however, limited success has been established in fine-tuning the release process, mainly due to the poor bioavailability and complexity of the reported designs. 26915062 6 11 theme laser 1133:1137 arg1 component 1160:1168 near-infrared laser triggerable Fe3O4@GO component 1119:1168 near-infrared laser triggerable Fe3O4@GO component 1119:1168 The alternative magnetic field and near-infrared laser triggerable Fe3O4@GO component provided for dual high-energy and high-penetration hyperthermia therapy. 26915062 8 12 theme hyperthermia 1400:1411 arg1 effect 1390:1395 The synergistic effect 1374:1395 The synergistic effect of hyperthermia and chemotherapy 1374:1428 The synergistic effect of hyperthermia and chemotherapy was successfully confirmed in vitro and in vivo. 26915062 2 13 theme reported 593:600 arg1 designs 602:608 the reported designs 589:608 the reported designs 589:608 Thus, many DDS systems have been reported that combined different triggers; however, limited success has been established in fine-tuning the release process, mainly due to the poor bioavailability and complexity of the reported designs. 26915062 6 14 theme near-infrared 1119:1131 arg1 component 1160:1168 near-infrared laser triggerable Fe3O4@GO component 1119:1168 near-infrared laser triggerable Fe3O4@GO component 1119:1168 The alternative magnetic field and near-infrared laser triggerable Fe3O4@GO component provided for dual high-energy and high-penetration hyperthermia therapy. 26915062 1 15 theme internal 263:270 arg1 triggers 272:279 internal triggers 263:279 internal triggers 263:279 Premature drug release is a common drawback in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS), especially if it depends on internal triggers, which are hard to control, or a single external stimulus, which can only have one function. 26915062 6 16 theme high-penetration 1204:1219 arg1 therapy 1234:1240 dual high-energy and high-penetration hyperthermia therapy 1183:1240 dual high-energy and high-penetration hyperthermia therapy 1183:1240 The alternative magnetic field and near-infrared laser triggerable Fe3O4@GO component provided for dual high-energy and high-penetration hyperthermia therapy. 26915062 6 17 theme hyperthermia 1221:1232 arg1 therapy 1234:1240 dual high-energy and high-penetration hyperthermia therapy 1183:1240 dual high-energy and high-penetration hyperthermia therapy 1183:1240 The alternative magnetic field and near-infrared laser triggerable Fe3O4@GO component provided for dual high-energy and high-penetration hyperthermia therapy. 26915062 1 18 contain have 355:358 arg2 function 364:371 one function 360:371 one function 360:371 Premature drug release is a common drawback in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS), especially if it depends on internal triggers, which are hard to control, or a single external stimulus, which can only have one function. 26915062 1 18 contain have 355:358 arg1 stimulus 330:337 a single external stimulus 312:337 a single external stimulus 312:337 Premature drug release is a common drawback in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS), especially if it depends on internal triggers, which are hard to control, or a single external stimulus, which can only have one function. 26915062 2 19 theme limited 459:465 arg1 success 467:473 limited success 459:473 limited success 459:473 Thus, many DDS systems have been reported that combined different triggers; however, limited success has been established in fine-tuning the release process, mainly due to the poor bioavailability and complexity of the reported designs. 26915062 3 20 theme microcapsule 653:664 arg1 design 634:639 the design 630:639 the design of a hybrid microcapsule (h-MC) 630:671 This paper reports the design of a hybrid microcapsule (h-MC) by a simple layer-by-layer technique comprising polysaccharides (sodium alginate, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid), iron oxide, and graphene oxide (GO). 26915062 5 21 theme tumor 1061:1065 arg1 cells 1067:1071 tumor cells 1061:1071 tumor cells 1061:1071 The polysaccharide component ensured high biocompatibility, bioavailability, and tumor cells targeting. 26915062 2 22 dep bioavailability 555:569 arg1 the 546:548 the 546:548 the 546:548 Thus, many DDS systems have been reported that combined different triggers; however, limited success has been established in fine-tuning the release process, mainly due to the poor bioavailability and complexity of the reported designs. 26915062 0 23 theme Iron 7:10 arg1 Microcapsule 49:60 Hybrid Iron Oxide-Graphene Oxide-Polysaccharides Microcapsule 0:60 Hybrid Iron Oxide-Graphene Oxide-Polysaccharides Microcapsule: A Micro-Matryoshka for On-Demand Drug Release and Antitumor Therapy In Vivo. 0:138 Hybrid Iron Oxide-Graphene Oxide-Polysaccharides Microcapsule: A Micro-Matryoshka for On-Demand Drug Release and Antitumor Therapy In Vivo. 26915062 4 24 theme sheets 902:907 arg1 assembly 838:845 Electrostatic assembly 824:845 Electrostatic assembly of the oppositely charged polysaccharides and graphene sheets 824:907 Electrostatic assembly of the oppositely charged polysaccharides and graphene sheets provided a robust structure in which to load drugs through pH control. 26915062 6 25 theme magnetic 1100:1107 arg1 field 1109:1113 The alternative magnetic field 1084:1113 The alternative magnetic field 1084:1113 The alternative magnetic field and near-infrared laser triggerable Fe3O4@GO component provided for dual high-energy and high-penetration hyperthermia therapy. 26915062 1 26 theme stimuli-responsive 187:204 arg1 systems 220:226 stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems 187:226 stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS) 187:232 Premature drug release is a common drawback in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS), especially if it depends on internal triggers, which are hard to control, or a single external stimulus, which can only have one function. 26915062 1 26 theme stimuli-responsive 187:204 arg1 DDS 229:231 DDS 229:231 DDS 229:231 Premature drug release is a common drawback in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS), especially if it depends on internal triggers, which are hard to control, or a single external stimulus, which can only have one function. 26915062 0 27 theme Hybrid 0:5 arg1 Microcapsule 49:60 Hybrid Iron Oxide-Graphene Oxide-Polysaccharides Microcapsule 0:60 Hybrid Iron Oxide-Graphene Oxide-Polysaccharides Microcapsule: A Micro-Matryoshka for On-Demand Drug Release and Antitumor Therapy In Vivo. 0:138 Hybrid Iron Oxide-Graphene Oxide-Polysaccharides Microcapsule: A Micro-Matryoshka for On-Demand Drug Release and Antitumor Therapy In Vivo. 26915062 3 28 theme simple 678:683 arg1 technique 700:708 a simple layer-by-layer technique 676:708 a simple layer-by-layer technique comprising polysaccharides (sodium alginate, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid), iron oxide, and graphene oxide (GO) 676:821 This paper reports the design of a hybrid microcapsule (h-MC) by a simple layer-by-layer technique comprising polysaccharides (sodium alginate, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid), iron oxide, and graphene oxide (GO). 26915062 6 29 theme high-energy 1188:1198 arg1 therapy 1234:1240 dual high-energy and high-penetration hyperthermia therapy 1183:1240 dual high-energy and high-penetration hyperthermia therapy 1183:1240 The alternative magnetic field and near-infrared laser triggerable Fe3O4@GO component provided for dual high-energy and high-penetration hyperthermia therapy. 26915062 6 30 theme alternative 1088:1098 arg1 field 1109:1113 The alternative magnetic field 1084:1113 The alternative magnetic field 1084:1113 The alternative magnetic field and near-infrared laser triggerable Fe3O4@GO component provided for dual high-energy and high-penetration hyperthermia therapy. 26915062 1 31 theme drug 206:209 arg1 systems 220:226 stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems 187:226 stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS) 187:232 Premature drug release is a common drawback in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS), especially if it depends on internal triggers, which are hard to control, or a single external stimulus, which can only have one function. 26915062 1 31 theme drug 206:209 arg1 DDS 229:231 DDS 229:231 DDS 229:231 Premature drug release is a common drawback in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS), especially if it depends on internal triggers, which are hard to control, or a single external stimulus, which can only have one function. 26915062 0 32 theme Oxide-Polysaccharides 27:47 arg1 Microcapsule 49:60 Hybrid Iron Oxide-Graphene Oxide-Polysaccharides Microcapsule 0:60 Hybrid Iron Oxide-Graphene Oxide-Polysaccharides Microcapsule: A Micro-Matryoshka for On-Demand Drug Release and Antitumor Therapy In Vivo. 0:138 Hybrid Iron Oxide-Graphene Oxide-Polysaccharides Microcapsule: A Micro-Matryoshka for On-Demand Drug Release and Antitumor Therapy In Vivo. 26915062 3 33 theme layer-by-layer 685:698 arg1 technique 700:708 a simple layer-by-layer technique 676:708 a simple layer-by-layer technique comprising polysaccharides (sodium alginate, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid), iron oxide, and graphene oxide (GO) 676:821 This paper reports the design of a hybrid microcapsule (h-MC) by a simple layer-by-layer technique comprising polysaccharides (sodium alginate, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid), iron oxide, and graphene oxide (GO). 26915062 3 34 dep oxide 812:816 arg1 GO 819:820 GO 819:820 GO 819:820 This paper reports the design of a hybrid microcapsule (h-MC) by a simple layer-by-layer technique comprising polysaccharides (sodium alginate, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid), iron oxide, and graphene oxide (GO). 26915062 7 35 theme controllable 1360:1371 arg1 release 1345:1351 the release 1341:1351 the release highly controllable 1341:1371 On-demand drug release from h-MC can be achieved by synchronizing these external triggers, making the release highly controllable. 26915062 1 36 theme delivery 211:218 arg1 systems 220:226 stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems 187:226 stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS) 187:232 Premature drug release is a common drawback in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS), especially if it depends on internal triggers, which are hard to control, or a single external stimulus, which can only have one function. 26915062 1 36 theme delivery 211:218 arg1 DDS 229:231 DDS 229:231 DDS 229:231 Premature drug release is a common drawback in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS), especially if it depends on internal triggers, which are hard to control, or a single external stimulus, which can only have one function. 26915062 2 37 theme DDS 385:387 arg1 systems 389:395 many DDS systems 380:395 many DDS systems 380:395 Thus, many DDS systems have been reported that combined different triggers; however, limited success has been established in fine-tuning the release process, mainly due to the poor bioavailability and complexity of the reported designs. 26915062 4 38 from load 949:952 arg1 which 940:944 which 940:944 which 940:944 Electrostatic assembly of the oppositely charged polysaccharides and graphene sheets provided a robust structure in which to load drugs through pH control. 26915062 4 39 theme Electrostatic 824:836 arg1 assembly 838:845 Electrostatic assembly 824:845 Electrostatic assembly of the oppositely charged polysaccharides and graphene sheets 824:907 Electrostatic assembly of the oppositely charged polysaccharides and graphene sheets provided a robust structure in which to load drugs through pH control. 26915062 5 40 theme polysaccharide 984:997 arg1 component 999:1007 The polysaccharide component 980:1007 The polysaccharide component 980:1007 The polysaccharide component ensured high biocompatibility, bioavailability, and tumor cells targeting. 26915062 2 41 theme different 430:438 arg1 triggers 440:447 combined different triggers 421:447 combined different triggers 421:447 Thus, many DDS systems have been reported that combined different triggers; however, limited success has been established in fine-tuning the release process, mainly due to the poor bioavailability and complexity of the reported designs. 26915062 8 42 theme chemotherapy 1417:1428 arg1 effect 1390:1395 The synergistic effect 1374:1395 The synergistic effect of hyperthermia and chemotherapy 1374:1428 The synergistic effect of hyperthermia and chemotherapy was successfully confirmed in vitro and in vivo. 26915062 6 43 theme dual 1183:1186 arg1 therapy 1234:1240 dual high-energy and high-penetration hyperthermia therapy 1183:1240 dual high-energy and high-penetration hyperthermia therapy 1183:1240 The alternative magnetic field and near-infrared laser triggerable Fe3O4@GO component provided for dual high-energy and high-penetration hyperthermia therapy. 26915062 2 44 theme combined 421:428 arg1 triggers 440:447 combined different triggers 421:447 combined different triggers 421:447 Thus, many DDS systems have been reported that combined different triggers; however, limited success has been established in fine-tuning the release process, mainly due to the poor bioavailability and complexity of the reported designs. 26915062 4 45 theme robust 920:925 arg1 structure 927:935 a robust structure 918:935 a robust structure in which to load drugs through pH control 918:977 Electrostatic assembly of the oppositely charged polysaccharides and graphene sheets provided a robust structure in which to load drugs through pH control. 26915062 4 46 theme polysaccharides 873:887 arg1 assembly 838:845 Electrostatic assembly 824:845 Electrostatic assembly of the oppositely charged polysaccharides and graphene sheets 824:907 Electrostatic assembly of the oppositely charged polysaccharides and graphene sheets provided a robust structure in which to load drugs through pH control. 26915062 4 47 theme charged 865:871 arg1 polysaccharides 873:887 the oppositely charged polysaccharides 850:887 the oppositely charged polysaccharides 850:887 Electrostatic assembly of the oppositely charged polysaccharides and graphene sheets provided a robust structure in which to load drugs through pH control. 26915062 5 48 theme high 1017:1020 arg1 biocompatibility 1022:1037 high biocompatibility 1017:1037 high biocompatibility 1017:1037 The polysaccharide component ensured high biocompatibility, bioavailability, and tumor cells targeting. 26915062 8 49 theme synergistic 1378:1388 arg1 effect 1390:1395 The synergistic effect 1374:1395 The synergistic effect of hyperthermia and chemotherapy 1374:1428 The synergistic effect of hyperthermia and chemotherapy was successfully confirmed in vitro and in vivo. 26915062 3 50 dep polysaccharides 721:735 arg1 chitosan 755:762 chitosan 755:762 chitosan 755:762 This paper reports the design of a hybrid microcapsule (h-MC) by a simple layer-by-layer technique comprising polysaccharides (sodium alginate, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid), iron oxide, and graphene oxide (GO). 26915062 3 50 dep polysaccharides 721:735 arg1 alginate 745:752 sodium alginate 738:752 sodium alginate 738:752 This paper reports the design of a hybrid microcapsule (h-MC) by a simple layer-by-layer technique comprising polysaccharides (sodium alginate, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid), iron oxide, and graphene oxide (GO). 26915062 3 50 dep polysaccharides 721:735 arg1 acid 780:783 hyaluronic acid 769:783 hyaluronic acid 769:783 This paper reports the design of a hybrid microcapsule (h-MC) by a simple layer-by-layer technique comprising polysaccharides (sodium alginate, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid), iron oxide, and graphene oxide (GO). 26915062 7 51 theme On-demand 1243:1251 arg1 release 1258:1264 On-demand drug release 1243:1264 On-demand drug release from h-MC 1243:1274 On-demand drug release from h-MC can be achieved by synchronizing these external triggers, making the release highly controllable. 26915062 5 52 dep biocompatibility 1022:1037 arg1 targeting 1073:1081 targeting 1073:1081 targeting 1073:1081 The polysaccharide component ensured high biocompatibility, bioavailability, and tumor cells targeting. 26915062 0 53 dep Microcapsule 49:60 arg1 Micro-Matryoshka 65:80 A Micro-Matryoshka 63:80 Hybrid Iron Oxide-Graphene Oxide-Polysaccharides Microcapsule: A Micro-Matryoshka for On-Demand Drug Release and Antitumor Therapy In Vivo. 0:138 Hybrid Iron Oxide-Graphene Oxide-Polysaccharides Microcapsule: A Micro-Matryoshka for On-Demand Drug Release and Antitumor Therapy In Vivo. 26915062 7 54 from h-MC 1271:1274 arg1 release 1258:1264 On-demand drug release 1243:1264 On-demand drug release from h-MC 1243:1274 On-demand drug release from h-MC can be achieved by synchronizing these external triggers, making the release highly controllable. 26915062 7 55 theme drug 1253:1256 arg1 release 1258:1264 On-demand drug release 1243:1264 On-demand drug release from h-MC 1243:1274 On-demand drug release from h-MC can be achieved by synchronizing these external triggers, making the release highly controllable. 26915062 3 56 theme iron 787:790 arg1 oxide 792:796 iron oxide 787:796 iron oxide 787:796 This paper reports the design of a hybrid microcapsule (h-MC) by a simple layer-by-layer technique comprising polysaccharides (sodium alginate, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid), iron oxide, and graphene oxide (GO). 26915062 6 57 theme triggerable 1139:1149 arg1 component 1160:1168 near-infrared laser triggerable Fe3O4@GO component 1119:1168 near-infrared laser triggerable Fe3O4@GO component 1119:1168 The alternative magnetic field and near-infrared laser triggerable Fe3O4@GO component provided for dual high-energy and high-penetration hyperthermia therapy. 26915062 7 58 theme external 1315:1322 arg1 triggers 1324:1331 these external triggers 1309:1331 these external triggers 1309:1331 On-demand drug release from h-MC can be achieved by synchronizing these external triggers, making the release highly controllable. 26915062 1 59 theme Premature 140:148 arg1 drawback 175:182 a common drawback 166:182 a common drawback in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS) 166:232 Premature drug release is a common drawback in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS), especially if it depends on internal triggers, which are hard to control, or a single external stimulus, which can only have one function. 26915062 1 59 theme Premature 140:148 arg1 release 155:161 Premature drug release 140:161 Premature drug release 140:161 Premature drug release is a common drawback in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS), especially if it depends on internal triggers, which are hard to control, or a single external stimulus, which can only have one function. 26915062 2 60 theme release 515:521 arg1 process 523:529 the release process 511:529 the release process 511:529 Thus, many DDS systems have been reported that combined different triggers; however, limited success has been established in fine-tuning the release process, mainly due to the poor bioavailability and complexity of the reported designs. 26915062 6 61 theme @ 1156:1156 arg1 component 1160:1168 near-infrared laser triggerable Fe3O4@GO component 1119:1168 near-infrared laser triggerable Fe3O4@GO component 1119:1168 The alternative magnetic field and near-infrared laser triggerable Fe3O4@GO component provided for dual high-energy and high-penetration hyperthermia therapy. 26915062 1 62 theme drug 150:153 arg1 drawback 175:182 a common drawback 166:182 a common drawback in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS) 166:232 Premature drug release is a common drawback in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS), especially if it depends on internal triggers, which are hard to control, or a single external stimulus, which can only have one function. 26915062 1 62 theme drug 150:153 arg1 release 155:161 Premature drug release 140:161 Premature drug release 140:161 Premature drug release is a common drawback in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS), especially if it depends on internal triggers, which are hard to control, or a single external stimulus, which can only have one function. 26915062 0 63 theme On-Demand 86:94 arg1 Release 101:107 On-Demand Drug Release 86:107 On-Demand Drug Release 86:107 Hybrid Iron Oxide-Graphene Oxide-Polysaccharides Microcapsule: A Micro-Matryoshka for On-Demand Drug Release and Antitumor Therapy In Vivo. 26915062 6 64 theme Fe3O4 1151:1155 arg1 component 1160:1168 near-infrared laser triggerable Fe3O4@GO component 1119:1168 near-infrared laser triggerable Fe3O4@GO component 1119:1168 The alternative magnetic field and near-infrared laser triggerable Fe3O4@GO component provided for dual high-energy and high-penetration hyperthermia therapy. 26915062 2 65 theme many 380:383 arg1 systems 389:395 many DDS systems 380:395 many DDS systems 380:395 Thus, many DDS systems have been reported that combined different triggers; however, limited success has been established in fine-tuning the release process, mainly due to the poor bioavailability and complexity of the reported designs. 26915062 3 66 theme sodium 738:743 arg1 alginate 745:752 sodium alginate 738:752 sodium alginate 738:752 This paper reports the design of a hybrid microcapsule (h-MC) by a simple layer-by-layer technique comprising polysaccharides (sodium alginate, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid), iron oxide, and graphene oxide (GO). 26915062 4 67 theme graphene 893:900 arg1 sheets 902:907 graphene sheets 893:907 graphene sheets 893:907 Electrostatic assembly of the oppositely charged polysaccharides and graphene sheets provided a robust structure in which to load drugs through pH control. 26915062 0 68 theme Oxide-Graphene 12:25 arg1 Microcapsule 49:60 Hybrid Iron Oxide-Graphene Oxide-Polysaccharides Microcapsule 0:60 Hybrid Iron Oxide-Graphene Oxide-Polysaccharides Microcapsule: A Micro-Matryoshka for On-Demand Drug Release and Antitumor Therapy In Vivo. 0:138 Hybrid Iron Oxide-Graphene Oxide-Polysaccharides Microcapsule: A Micro-Matryoshka for On-Demand Drug Release and Antitumor Therapy In Vivo. 26915062 1 69 from drawback 175:182 arg1 systems 220:226 stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems 187:226 stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS) 187:232 Premature drug release is a common drawback in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS), especially if it depends on internal triggers, which are hard to control, or a single external stimulus, which can only have one function. 26915062 1 69 from drawback 175:182 arg1 DDS 229:231 DDS 229:231 DDS 229:231 Premature drug release is a common drawback in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS), especially if it depends on internal triggers, which are hard to control, or a single external stimulus, which can only have one function. 26915062 6 70 dep component 1160:1168 arg1 GO 1157:1158 GO 1157:1158 GO 1157:1158 The alternative magnetic field and near-infrared laser triggerable Fe3O4@GO component provided for dual high-energy and high-penetration hyperthermia therapy. 26915062 3 71 theme graphene 803:810 arg1 oxide 812:816 graphene oxide 803:816 graphene oxide (GO) 803:821 This paper reports the design of a hybrid microcapsule (h-MC) by a simple layer-by-layer technique comprising polysaccharides (sodium alginate, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid), iron oxide, and graphene oxide (GO). 27297130 5 0 theme abundant 959:966 arg1 proteinases 943:953 proteinases 943:953 proteinases 943:953 As proteinases are abundant glycosylated toxins, we examined the effect of N-deglycosylation on their catalytic activities and show that the proteinases of the seven venoms were similarly affected by removal of N-glycans. 27297130 5 0 theme abundant 959:966 arg1 toxins 981:986 abundant glycosylated toxins 959:986 abundant glycosylated toxins 959:986 As proteinases are abundant glycosylated toxins, we examined the effect of N-deglycosylation on their catalytic activities and show that the proteinases of the seven venoms were similarly affected by removal of N-glycans. 27297130 5 1 theme N-deglycosylation 1015:1031 arg1 effect 1005:1010 the effect 1001:1010 the effect of N-deglycosylation on their catalytic activities 1001:1061 As proteinases are abundant glycosylated toxins, we examined the effect of N-deglycosylation on their catalytic activities and show that the proteinases of the seven venoms were similarly affected by removal of N-glycans. 27297130 7 2 theme other 1536:1540 arg1 markers 1552:1558 other molecular markers 1536:1558 other molecular markers that determine their phylogenetic classification 1536:1607 Based on our global analysis, we report that Bothrops venom proteomes and glycoproteomes contain a core of components that markedly define their composition, which is conserved upon evolution in parallel to other molecular markers that determine their phylogenetic classification. 27297130 4 3 theme glycosylation 919:931 arg1 sites 933:937 their putative glycosylation sites 904:937 their putative glycosylation sites 904:937 Moreover, we compared the electrophoretic profiles of native and deglycosylated venoms and, in order to assess their subproteomes of glycoproteins, we identified the proteins with affinity for three lectins with different saccharide specificities and their putative glycosylation sites. 27297130 5 4 theme glycosylated 968:979 arg1 proteinases 943:953 proteinases 943:953 proteinases 943:953 As proteinases are abundant glycosylated toxins, we examined the effect of N-deglycosylation on their catalytic activities and show that the proteinases of the seven venoms were similarly affected by removal of N-glycans. 27297130 5 4 theme glycosylated 968:979 arg1 toxins 981:986 abundant glycosylated toxins 959:986 abundant glycosylated toxins 959:986 As proteinases are abundant glycosylated toxins, we examined the effect of N-deglycosylation on their catalytic activities and show that the proteinases of the seven venoms were similarly affected by removal of N-glycans. 27297130 2 5 from importance 353:362 arg1 phenomena 383:391 many biological phenomena 367:391 many biological phenomena 367:391 Although post-translational modifications are widely investigated because of their importance in many biological phenomena, we currently still have little understanding of how protein glycosylation impacts the variation and stability of venom proteomes. 27297130 7 6 theme molecular 1542:1550 arg1 markers 1552:1558 other molecular markers 1536:1558 other molecular markers that determine their phylogenetic classification 1536:1607 Based on our global analysis, we report that Bothrops venom proteomes and glycoproteomes contain a core of components that markedly define their composition, which is conserved upon evolution in parallel to other molecular markers that determine their phylogenetic classification. 27297130 6 7 theme family 1287:1292 arg1 patterns 1302:1309 toxin family related patterns 1281:1309 toxin family related patterns of glycosylation 1281:1326 Moreover, we prospected putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set and detected toxin family related patterns of glycosylation. 27297130 6 8 theme gland 1253:1257 arg1 set 1264:1266 a B. jararaca venom gland data set 1233:1266 a B. jararaca venom gland data set 1233:1266 Moreover, we prospected putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set and detected toxin family related patterns of glycosylation. 27297130 4 9 theme glycoproteins 786:798 arg1 subproteomes 770:781 their subproteomes 764:781 their subproteomes of glycoproteins 764:798 Moreover, we compared the electrophoretic profiles of native and deglycosylated venoms and, in order to assess their subproteomes of glycoproteins, we identified the proteins with affinity for three lectins with different saccharide specificities and their putative glycosylation sites. 27297130 0 10 theme Venom 109:113 arg1 Phenotype 115:123 Venom Phenotype 109:123 Venom Phenotype in Snakes 109:133 Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Profilings Reveal That Post-translational Modifications of Toxins Contribute to Venom Phenotype in Snakes. 27297130 4 11 gly deglycosylated 718:731 arg1 venoms 733:738 native and deglycosylated venoms 707:738 native and deglycosylated venoms 707:738 Moreover, we compared the electrophoretic profiles of native and deglycosylated venoms and, in order to assess their subproteomes of glycoproteins, we identified the proteins with affinity for three lectins with different saccharide specificities and their putative glycosylation sites. 27297130 6 12 theme venom 1247:1251 arg1 set 1264:1266 a B. jararaca venom gland data set 1233:1266 a B. jararaca venom gland data set 1233:1266 Moreover, we prospected putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set and detected toxin family related patterns of glycosylation. 27297130 4 13 gly glycoproteins 786:798 arg1 glycoproteins 786:798 glycoproteins 786:798 glycoproteins 786:798 Moreover, we compared the electrophoretic profiles of native and deglycosylated venoms and, in order to assess their subproteomes of glycoproteins, we identified the proteins with affinity for three lectins with different saccharide specificities and their putative glycosylation sites. 27297130 2 14 dep variation 480:488 arg1 the 476:478 the 476:478 the 476:478 Although post-translational modifications are widely investigated because of their importance in many biological phenomena, we currently still have little understanding of how protein glycosylation impacts the variation and stability of venom proteomes. 27297130 5 15 theme catalytic 1042:1050 arg1 activities 1052:1061 their catalytic activities 1036:1061 their catalytic activities 1036:1061 As proteinases are abundant glycosylated toxins, we examined the effect of N-deglycosylation on their catalytic activities and show that the proteinases of the seven venoms were similarly affected by removal of N-glycans. 27297130 4 16 theme deglycosylated 718:731 arg1 venoms 733:738 native and deglycosylated venoms 707:738 native and deglycosylated venoms 707:738 Moreover, we compared the electrophoretic profiles of native and deglycosylated venoms and, in order to assess their subproteomes of glycoproteins, we identified the proteins with affinity for three lectins with different saccharide specificities and their putative glycosylation sites. 27297130 4 17 gly glycosylation 919:931 arg2 sites 933:937 their putative glycosylation sites 904:937 their putative glycosylation sites 904:937 Moreover, we compared the electrophoretic profiles of native and deglycosylated venoms and, in order to assess their subproteomes of glycoproteins, we identified the proteins with affinity for three lectins with different saccharide specificities and their putative glycosylation sites. 27297130 3 18 theme venom 575:579 arg1 proteomes 581:589 the venom proteomes 571:589 the venom proteomes of seven Bothrops snakes 571:614 To address these issues, here we characterized the venom proteomes of seven Bothrops snakes using a shotgun proteomics strategy. 27297130 1 19 theme secreted 191:198 arg1 proteins 200:207 secreted proteins 191:207 secreted proteins 191:207 Snake venoms are biological weapon systems composed of secreted proteins and peptides that are used for immobilizing or killing prey. 27297130 4 20 theme putative 910:917 arg1 sites 933:937 their putative glycosylation sites 904:937 their putative glycosylation sites 904:937 Moreover, we compared the electrophoretic profiles of native and deglycosylated venoms and, in order to assess their subproteomes of glycoproteins, we identified the proteins with affinity for three lectins with different saccharide specificities and their putative glycosylation sites. 27297130 3 21 theme snakes 609:614 arg1 proteomes 581:589 the venom proteomes 571:589 the venom proteomes of seven Bothrops snakes 571:614 To address these issues, here we characterized the venom proteomes of seven Bothrops snakes using a shotgun proteomics strategy. 27297130 2 22 theme little 418:423 arg1 understanding 425:437 little understanding 418:437 little understanding of how protein glycosylation impacts the variation and stability of venom proteomes 418:521 Although post-translational modifications are widely investigated because of their importance in many biological phenomena, we currently still have little understanding of how protein glycosylation impacts the variation and stability of venom proteomes. 27297130 0 23 theme Proteomic 0:8 arg1 Profilings 29:38 Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Profilings 0:38 Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Profilings 0:38 Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Profilings Reveal That Post-translational Modifications of Toxins Contribute to Venom Phenotype in Snakes. 27297130 4 24 theme native 707:712 arg1 venoms 733:738 native and deglycosylated venoms 707:738 native and deglycosylated venoms 707:738 Moreover, we compared the electrophoretic profiles of native and deglycosylated venoms and, in order to assess their subproteomes of glycoproteins, we identified the proteins with affinity for three lectins with different saccharide specificities and their putative glycosylation sites. 27297130 6 25 gly glycosylation 1195:1207 arg2 sites 1209:1213 putative glycosylation sites 1186:1213 putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set 1186:1266 Moreover, we prospected putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set and detected toxin family related patterns of glycosylation. 27297130 6 25 gly glycosylation 1195:1207 arg1 transcripts 1218:1228 transcripts 1218:1228 transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set 1218:1266 Moreover, we prospected putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set and detected toxin family related patterns of glycosylation. 27297130 6 25 gly glycosylation 1195:1207 arg2 transcripts 1218:1228 transcripts 1218:1228 transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set 1218:1266 Moreover, we prospected putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set and detected toxin family related patterns of glycosylation. 27297130 7 26 theme phylogenetic 1581:1592 arg1 classification 1594:1607 their phylogenetic classification 1575:1607 their phylogenetic classification 1575:1607 Based on our global analysis, we report that Bothrops venom proteomes and glycoproteomes contain a core of components that markedly define their composition, which is conserved upon evolution in parallel to other molecular markers that determine their phylogenetic classification. 27297130 7 27 theme venom 1383:1387 arg1 proteomes 1389:1397 Bothrops venom proteomes 1374:1397 Bothrops venom proteomes 1374:1397 Based on our global analysis, we report that Bothrops venom proteomes and glycoproteomes contain a core of components that markedly define their composition, which is conserved upon evolution in parallel to other molecular markers that determine their phylogenetic classification. 27297130 4 28 theme different 865:873 arg1 specificities 886:898 different saccharide specificities 865:898 different saccharide specificities 865:898 Moreover, we compared the electrophoretic profiles of native and deglycosylated venoms and, in order to assess their subproteomes of glycoproteins, we identified the proteins with affinity for three lectins with different saccharide specificities and their putative glycosylation sites. 27297130 6 29 theme transcripts 1218:1228 arg1 transcripts 1218:1228 transcripts 1218:1228 transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set 1218:1266 Moreover, we prospected putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set and detected toxin family related patterns of glycosylation. 27297130 6 29 theme transcripts 1218:1228 arg1 sites 1209:1213 putative glycosylation sites 1186:1213 putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set 1186:1266 Moreover, we prospected putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set and detected toxin family related patterns of glycosylation. 27297130 3 30 theme proteomics 632:641 arg1 strategy 643:650 a shotgun proteomics strategy 622:650 a shotgun proteomics strategy 622:650 To address these issues, here we characterized the venom proteomes of seven Bothrops snakes using a shotgun proteomics strategy. 27297130 0 31 theme Glycoproteomic 14:27 arg1 Profilings 29:38 Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Profilings 0:38 Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Profilings 0:38 Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Profilings Reveal That Post-translational Modifications of Toxins Contribute to Venom Phenotype in Snakes. 27297130 2 32 contain have 413:416 arg1 we 394:395 we 394:395 we 394:395 Although post-translational modifications are widely investigated because of their importance in many biological phenomena, we currently still have little understanding of how protein glycosylation impacts the variation and stability of venom proteomes. 27297130 2 32 contain have 413:416 arg2 understanding 425:437 little understanding 418:437 little understanding of how protein glycosylation impacts the variation and stability of venom proteomes 418:521 Although post-translational modifications are widely investigated because of their importance in many biological phenomena, we currently still have little understanding of how protein glycosylation impacts the variation and stability of venom proteomes. 27297130 3 33 theme Bothrops 600:607 arg1 snakes 609:614 seven Bothrops snakes 594:614 seven Bothrops snakes 594:614 To address these issues, here we characterized the venom proteomes of seven Bothrops snakes using a shotgun proteomics strategy. 27297130 6 34 dep B. 1235:1236 arg1 jararaca 1238:1245 jararaca 1238:1245 jararaca 1238:1245 Moreover, we prospected putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set and detected toxin family related patterns of glycosylation. 27297130 2 35 theme biological 372:381 arg1 phenomena 383:391 many biological phenomena 367:391 many biological phenomena 367:391 Although post-translational modifications are widely investigated because of their importance in many biological phenomena, we currently still have little understanding of how protein glycosylation impacts the variation and stability of venom proteomes. 27297130 6 36 theme glycosylation 1195:1207 arg1 transcripts 1218:1228 transcripts 1218:1228 transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set 1218:1266 Moreover, we prospected putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set and detected toxin family related patterns of glycosylation. 27297130 6 36 theme glycosylation 1195:1207 arg1 sites 1209:1213 putative glycosylation sites 1186:1213 putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set 1186:1266 Moreover, we prospected putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set and detected toxin family related patterns of glycosylation. 27297130 1 37 used used 231:234 arg2 peptides 213:220 peptides 213:220 peptides 213:220 Snake venoms are biological weapon systems composed of secreted proteins and peptides that are used for immobilizing or killing prey. 27297130 1 37 used used 231:234 arg2 proteins 200:207 secreted proteins 191:207 secreted proteins 191:207 Snake venoms are biological weapon systems composed of secreted proteins and peptides that are used for immobilizing or killing prey. 27297130 2 38 theme protein 446:452 arg1 glycosylation 454:466 protein glycosylation 446:466 protein glycosylation 446:466 Although post-translational modifications are widely investigated because of their importance in many biological phenomena, we currently still have little understanding of how protein glycosylation impacts the variation and stability of venom proteomes. 27297130 2 39 theme proteomes 513:521 arg1 stability 494:502 stability 494:502 stability 494:502 Although post-translational modifications are widely investigated because of their importance in many biological phenomena, we currently still have little understanding of how protein glycosylation impacts the variation and stability of venom proteomes. 27297130 2 39 theme proteomes 513:521 arg1 variation 480:488 variation 480:488 variation 480:488 Although post-translational modifications are widely investigated because of their importance in many biological phenomena, we currently still have little understanding of how protein glycosylation impacts the variation and stability of venom proteomes. 27297130 4 40 dep profiles 695:702 arg1 identified 804:813 identified 804:813 identified the proteins with affinity for three lectins with different saccharide specificities and their putative glycosylation sites 804:937 Moreover, we compared the electrophoretic profiles of native and deglycosylated venoms and, in order to assess their subproteomes of glycoproteins, we identified the proteins with affinity for three lectins with different saccharide specificities and their putative glycosylation sites. 27297130 6 41 theme related 1294:1300 arg1 patterns 1302:1309 toxin family related patterns 1281:1309 toxin family related patterns of glycosylation 1281:1326 Moreover, we prospected putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set and detected toxin family related patterns of glycosylation. 27297130 7 42 theme components 1436:1445 arg1 core 1428:1431 a core 1426:1431 a core 1426:1431 Based on our global analysis, we report that Bothrops venom proteomes and glycoproteomes contain a core of components that markedly define their composition, which is conserved upon evolution in parallel to other molecular markers that determine their phylogenetic classification. 27297130 4 43 theme electrophoretic 679:693 arg1 profiles 695:702 the electrophoretic profiles 675:702 the electrophoretic profiles of native and deglycosylated venoms and, in order to assess their subproteomes of glycoproteins, we identified the proteins with affinity for three lectins with different saccharide specificities and their putative glycosylation sites 675:937 Moreover, we compared the electrophoretic profiles of native and deglycosylated venoms and, in order to assess their subproteomes of glycoproteins, we identified the proteins with affinity for three lectins with different saccharide specificities and their putative glycosylation sites. 27297130 2 44 theme venom 507:511 arg1 proteomes 513:521 venom proteomes 507:521 venom proteomes 507:521 Although post-translational modifications are widely investigated because of their importance in many biological phenomena, we currently still have little understanding of how protein glycosylation impacts the variation and stability of venom proteomes. 27297130 5 45 theme N-glycans 1151:1159 arg1 removal 1140:1146 removal 1140:1146 removal of N-glycans 1140:1159 As proteinases are abundant glycosylated toxins, we examined the effect of N-deglycosylation on their catalytic activities and show that the proteinases of the seven venoms were similarly affected by removal of N-glycans. 27297130 4 46 theme saccharide 875:884 arg1 specificities 886:898 different saccharide specificities 865:898 different saccharide specificities 865:898 Moreover, we compared the electrophoretic profiles of native and deglycosylated venoms and, in order to assess their subproteomes of glycoproteins, we identified the proteins with affinity for three lectins with different saccharide specificities and their putative glycosylation sites. 27297130 7 47 theme global 1342:1347 arg1 analysis 1349:1356 our global analysis 1338:1356 our global analysis 1338:1356 Based on our global analysis, we report that Bothrops venom proteomes and glycoproteomes contain a core of components that markedly define their composition, which is conserved upon evolution in parallel to other molecular markers that determine their phylogenetic classification. 27297130 0 48 theme Post-translational 52:69 arg1 Modifications 71:83 Post-translational Modifications 52:83 Post-translational Modifications of Toxins 52:93 Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Profilings Reveal That Post-translational Modifications of Toxins Contribute to Venom Phenotype in Snakes. 27297130 5 49 theme venoms 1106:1111 arg1 proteinases 1081:1091 the proteinases 1077:1091 the proteinases of the seven venoms 1077:1111 As proteinases are abundant glycosylated toxins, we examined the effect of N-deglycosylation on their catalytic activities and show that the proteinases of the seven venoms were similarly affected by removal of N-glycans. 27297130 3 50 theme shotgun 624:630 arg1 strategy 643:650 a shotgun proteomics strategy 622:650 a shotgun proteomics strategy 622:650 To address these issues, here we characterized the venom proteomes of seven Bothrops snakes using a shotgun proteomics strategy. 27297130 1 51 theme Snake 136:140 arg1 venoms 142:147 Snake venoms 136:147 Snake venoms 136:147 Snake venoms are biological weapon systems composed of secreted proteins and peptides that are used for immobilizing or killing prey. 27297130 1 51 theme Snake 136:140 arg1 systems 171:177 biological weapon systems 153:177 biological weapon systems composed of secreted proteins and peptides that are used for immobilizing or killing prey 153:267 Snake venoms are biological weapon systems composed of secreted proteins and peptides that are used for immobilizing or killing prey. 27297130 6 52 theme toxin 1281:1285 arg1 patterns 1302:1309 toxin family related patterns 1281:1309 toxin family related patterns of glycosylation 1281:1326 Moreover, we prospected putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set and detected toxin family related patterns of glycosylation. 27297130 5 53 gly glycosylated 968:979 arg1 proteinases 943:953 proteinases 943:953 proteinases 943:953 As proteinases are abundant glycosylated toxins, we examined the effect of N-deglycosylation on their catalytic activities and show that the proteinases of the seven venoms were similarly affected by removal of N-glycans. 27297130 5 53 gly glycosylated 968:979 arg1 toxins 981:986 abundant glycosylated toxins 959:986 abundant glycosylated toxins 959:986 As proteinases are abundant glycosylated toxins, we examined the effect of N-deglycosylation on their catalytic activities and show that the proteinases of the seven venoms were similarly affected by removal of N-glycans. 27297130 2 54 theme post-translational 279:296 arg1 modifications 298:310 post-translational modifications 279:310 post-translational modifications 279:310 Although post-translational modifications are widely investigated because of their importance in many biological phenomena, we currently still have little understanding of how protein glycosylation impacts the variation and stability of venom proteomes. 27297130 6 55 theme glycosylation 1314:1326 arg1 patterns 1302:1309 toxin family related patterns 1281:1309 toxin family related patterns of glycosylation 1281:1326 Moreover, we prospected putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set and detected toxin family related patterns of glycosylation. 27297130 2 56 theme many 367:370 arg1 phenomena 383:391 many biological phenomena 367:391 many biological phenomena 367:391 Although post-translational modifications are widely investigated because of their importance in many biological phenomena, we currently still have little understanding of how protein glycosylation impacts the variation and stability of venom proteomes. 27297130 7 57 contain contain 1418:1424 arg2 core 1428:1431 a core 1426:1431 a core 1426:1431 Based on our global analysis, we report that Bothrops venom proteomes and glycoproteomes contain a core of components that markedly define their composition, which is conserved upon evolution in parallel to other molecular markers that determine their phylogenetic classification. 27297130 7 57 contain contain 1418:1424 arg1 glycoproteomes 1403:1416 glycoproteomes 1403:1416 glycoproteomes 1403:1416 Based on our global analysis, we report that Bothrops venom proteomes and glycoproteomes contain a core of components that markedly define their composition, which is conserved upon evolution in parallel to other molecular markers that determine their phylogenetic classification. 27297130 7 57 contain contain 1418:1424 arg1 proteomes 1389:1397 Bothrops venom proteomes 1374:1397 Bothrops venom proteomes 1374:1397 Based on our global analysis, we report that Bothrops venom proteomes and glycoproteomes contain a core of components that markedly define their composition, which is conserved upon evolution in parallel to other molecular markers that determine their phylogenetic classification. 27297130 6 58 theme B. 1235:1236 arg1 set 1264:1266 a B. jararaca venom gland data set 1233:1266 a B. jararaca venom gland data set 1233:1266 Moreover, we prospected putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set and detected toxin family related patterns of glycosylation. 27297130 0 59 from Phenotype 115:123 arg1 Snakes 128:133 Snakes 128:133 Snakes 128:133 Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Profilings Reveal That Post-translational Modifications of Toxins Contribute to Venom Phenotype in Snakes. 27297130 4 60 theme venoms 733:738 arg1 profiles 695:702 the electrophoretic profiles 675:702 the electrophoretic profiles of native and deglycosylated venoms and, in order to assess their subproteomes of glycoproteins, we identified the proteins with affinity for three lectins with different saccharide specificities and their putative glycosylation sites 675:937 Moreover, we compared the electrophoretic profiles of native and deglycosylated venoms and, in order to assess their subproteomes of glycoproteins, we identified the proteins with affinity for three lectins with different saccharide specificities and their putative glycosylation sites. 27297130 7 61 theme Bothrops 1374:1381 arg1 proteomes 1389:1397 Bothrops venom proteomes 1374:1397 Bothrops venom proteomes 1374:1397 Based on our global analysis, we report that Bothrops venom proteomes and glycoproteomes contain a core of components that markedly define their composition, which is conserved upon evolution in parallel to other molecular markers that determine their phylogenetic classification. 27297130 6 62 theme putative 1186:1193 arg1 transcripts 1218:1228 transcripts 1218:1228 transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set 1218:1266 Moreover, we prospected putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set and detected toxin family related patterns of glycosylation. 27297130 6 62 theme putative 1186:1193 arg1 sites 1209:1213 putative glycosylation sites 1186:1213 putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set 1186:1266 Moreover, we prospected putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set and detected toxin family related patterns of glycosylation. 27297130 0 63 theme Toxins 88:93 arg1 Modifications 71:83 Post-translational Modifications 52:83 Post-translational Modifications of Toxins 52:93 Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Profilings Reveal That Post-translational Modifications of Toxins Contribute to Venom Phenotype in Snakes. 27297130 6 64 theme set 1264:1266 arg1 transcripts 1218:1228 transcripts 1218:1228 transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set 1218:1266 Moreover, we prospected putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set and detected toxin family related patterns of glycosylation. 27297130 1 65 theme biological 153:162 arg1 venoms 142:147 Snake venoms 136:147 Snake venoms 136:147 Snake venoms are biological weapon systems composed of secreted proteins and peptides that are used for immobilizing or killing prey. 27297130 1 65 theme biological 153:162 arg1 systems 171:177 biological weapon systems 153:177 biological weapon systems composed of secreted proteins and peptides that are used for immobilizing or killing prey 153:267 Snake venoms are biological weapon systems composed of secreted proteins and peptides that are used for immobilizing or killing prey. 27297130 5 66 from effect 1005:1010 arg1 activities 1052:1061 their catalytic activities 1036:1061 their catalytic activities 1036:1061 As proteinases are abundant glycosylated toxins, we examined the effect of N-deglycosylation on their catalytic activities and show that the proteinases of the seven venoms were similarly affected by removal of N-glycans. 27297130 6 67 theme data 1259:1262 arg1 set 1264:1266 a B. jararaca venom gland data set 1233:1266 a B. jararaca venom gland data set 1233:1266 Moreover, we prospected putative glycosylation sites of transcripts of a B. jararaca venom gland data set and detected toxin family related patterns of glycosylation. 27297130 1 68 theme weapon 164:169 arg1 venoms 142:147 Snake venoms 136:147 Snake venoms 136:147 Snake venoms are biological weapon systems composed of secreted proteins and peptides that are used for immobilizing or killing prey. 27297130 1 68 theme weapon 164:169 arg1 systems 171:177 biological weapon systems 153:177 biological weapon systems composed of secreted proteins and peptides that are used for immobilizing or killing prey 153:267 Snake venoms are biological weapon systems composed of secreted proteins and peptides that are used for immobilizing or killing prey. 27297130 4 69 with lectins 852:858 arg1 sites 933:937 their putative glycosylation sites 904:937 their putative glycosylation sites 904:937 Moreover, we compared the electrophoretic profiles of native and deglycosylated venoms and, in order to assess their subproteomes of glycoproteins, we identified the proteins with affinity for three lectins with different saccharide specificities and their putative glycosylation sites. 27297130 4 69 with lectins 852:858 arg1 specificities 886:898 different saccharide specificities 865:898 different saccharide specificities 865:898 Moreover, we compared the electrophoretic profiles of native and deglycosylated venoms and, in order to assess their subproteomes of glycoproteins, we identified the proteins with affinity for three lectins with different saccharide specificities and their putative glycosylation sites. 25637491 2 0 theme anorexigenic 488:499 arg1 neuropeptide 501:512 an anorexigenic neuropeptide 485:512 an anorexigenic neuropeptide 485:512 In this work, we tested albumin-alginate microparticles, as a potential delivery system, to study if continuous release in the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, may result in a long-term decrease in food intake and body weight. 25637491 2 0 theme anorexigenic 488:499 arg1 hormone 468:474 α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone 443:474 α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) 443:482 In this work, we tested albumin-alginate microparticles, as a potential delivery system, to study if continuous release in the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, may result in a long-term decrease in food intake and body weight. 25637491 8 1 theme albumin-alginate 1413:1428 arg1 system 1462:1467 a new carrier system 1448:1467 a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain 1448:1520 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 8 1 theme albumin-alginate 1413:1428 arg1 microparticles 1430:1443 albumin-alginate microparticles 1413:1443 albumin-alginate microparticles 1413:1443 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 2 2 theme potential 362:370 arg1 microparticles 341:354 albumin-alginate microparticles 324:354 albumin-alginate microparticles 324:354 In this work, we tested albumin-alginate microparticles, as a potential delivery system, to study if continuous release in the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, may result in a long-term decrease in food intake and body weight. 25637491 2 2 theme potential 362:370 arg1 system 381:386 a potential delivery system 360:386 a potential delivery system 360:386 In this work, we tested albumin-alginate microparticles, as a potential delivery system, to study if continuous release in the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, may result in a long-term decrease in food intake and body weight. 25637491 8 3 theme body 1658:1661 arg1 gain 1670:1673 body weight gain 1658:1673 body weight gain in rats 1658:1681 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 0 4 from delivery 8:15 arg1 hypothalamus 60:71 rat hypothalamus 56:71 rat hypothalamus using albumin-alginate microparticles 56:109 Chronic delivery of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in rat hypothalamus using albumin-alginate microparticles: effects on food intake and body weight. 25637491 8 5 theme long-term 1473:1481 arg1 delivery 1483:1490 long-term delivery 1473:1490 long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain 1473:1520 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 5 6 theme body 871:874 arg1 gain 883:886 body weight gain 871:886 body weight gain 871:886 A decrease in body weight gain, persisting throughout the study, was found in rats injected with α-MSH-charged particles as compared with rats receiving non-charged particles and with rats injected with the same dose of α-MSH in solution. 25637491 1 7 theme neuropeptides 172:184 arg1 delivery 160:167 Chronic delivery 152:167 Chronic delivery of neuropeptides in the brain 152:197 Chronic delivery of neuropeptides in the brain is a useful experimental approach to study their long-term effects on various biological parameters. 25637491 1 7 theme neuropeptides 172:184 arg1 approach 224:231 a useful experimental approach 202:231 a useful experimental approach to study their long-term effects on various biological parameters 202:297 Chronic delivery of neuropeptides in the brain is a useful experimental approach to study their long-term effects on various biological parameters. 25637491 8 8 theme neuropeptides 1495:1507 arg1 delivery 1483:1490 long-term delivery 1473:1490 long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain 1473:1520 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 3 9 dep in 660:661 arg1 vitro 663:667 vitro 663:667 vitro 663:667 The 2-week release of α-MSH from peptide-loaded particles was confirmed by an in vitro assay. 25637491 3 10 from particles 630:638 arg1 release 593:599 The 2-week release 582:599 The 2-week release of α-MSH from peptide-loaded particles 582:638 The 2-week release of α-MSH from peptide-loaded particles was confirmed by an in vitro assay. 25637491 5 11 theme α-MSH-charged 954:966 arg1 particles 968:976 α-MSH-charged particles 954:976 α-MSH-charged particles as compared with rats receiving non-charged particles and with rats injected with the same dose of α-MSH in solution 954:1093 A decrease in body weight gain, persisting throughout the study, was found in rats injected with α-MSH-charged particles as compared with rats receiving non-charged particles and with rats injected with the same dose of α-MSH in solution. 25637491 8 12 theme gain 1670:1673 arg1 decrease 1646:1653 a decrease 1644:1653 a decrease of body weight gain in rats 1644:1681 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 8 12 theme gain 1670:1673 arg1 suppression 1613:1623 a prolonged suppression 1601:1623 a prolonged suppression of food intake 1601:1638 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 1 13 theme various 269:275 arg1 parameters 288:297 various biological parameters 269:297 various biological parameters 269:297 Chronic delivery of neuropeptides in the brain is a useful experimental approach to study their long-term effects on various biological parameters. 25637491 5 14 theme same 1064:1067 arg1 dose 1069:1072 the same dose 1060:1072 the same dose of α-MSH in solution 1060:1093 A decrease in body weight gain, persisting throughout the study, was found in rats injected with α-MSH-charged particles as compared with rats receiving non-charged particles and with rats injected with the same dose of α-MSH in solution. 25637491 6 15 theme rebound 1227:1233 arg1 effect 1235:1240 the feeding rebound effect 1215:1240 the feeding rebound effect which appears after food restriction 1215:1277 Food intake was significantly decreased for 3 days in rats receiving α-MSH-loaded particles and it was not followed by the feeding rebound effect which appears after food restriction. 25637491 5 16 from decrease 859:866 arg1 gain 883:886 body weight gain 871:886 body weight gain 871:886 A decrease in body weight gain, persisting throughout the study, was found in rats injected with α-MSH-charged particles as compared with rats receiving non-charged particles and with rats injected with the same dose of α-MSH in solution. 25637491 4 17 theme daily 682:686 arg1 intake 693:698 daily food intake 682:698 daily food intake 682:698 Then, daily food intake and body weight were studied for 18 days in rats injected bilaterally into the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus with particles loaded or not with α-MSH. 25637491 1 18 theme biological 277:286 arg1 parameters 288:297 various biological parameters 269:297 various biological parameters 269:297 Chronic delivery of neuropeptides in the brain is a useful experimental approach to study their long-term effects on various biological parameters. 25637491 6 19 theme feeding 1219:1225 arg1 effect 1235:1240 the feeding rebound effect 1215:1240 the feeding rebound effect which appears after food restriction 1215:1277 Food intake was significantly decreased for 3 days in rats receiving α-MSH-loaded particles and it was not followed by the feeding rebound effect which appears after food restriction. 25637491 1 20 from delivery 160:167 arg1 brain 193:197 the brain 189:197 the brain 189:197 Chronic delivery of neuropeptides in the brain is a useful experimental approach to study their long-term effects on various biological parameters. 25637491 7 21 theme particles 1309:1317 arg1 presence 1284:1291 The presence 1280:1291 The presence of α-MSH-loaded particles in the hypothalamus 1280:1337 The presence of α-MSH-loaded particles in the hypothalamus was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. 25637491 6 22 theme α-MSH-loaded 1165:1176 arg1 particles 1178:1186 α-MSH-loaded particles 1165:1186 α-MSH-loaded particles 1165:1186 Food intake was significantly decreased for 3 days in rats receiving α-MSH-loaded particles and it was not followed by the feeding rebound effect which appears after food restriction. 25637491 0 23 theme food 123:126 arg1 intake 128:133 food intake 123:133 food intake 123:133 Chronic delivery of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in rat hypothalamus using albumin-alginate microparticles: effects on food intake and body weight. 25637491 2 24 theme α-melanocyte-stimulating 443:466 arg1 neuropeptide 501:512 an anorexigenic neuropeptide 485:512 an anorexigenic neuropeptide 485:512 In this work, we tested albumin-alginate microparticles, as a potential delivery system, to study if continuous release in the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, may result in a long-term decrease in food intake and body weight. 25637491 2 24 theme α-melanocyte-stimulating 443:466 arg1 α-MSH 477:481 α-MSH 477:481 α-MSH 477:481 In this work, we tested albumin-alginate microparticles, as a potential delivery system, to study if continuous release in the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, may result in a long-term decrease in food intake and body weight. 25637491 2 24 theme α-melanocyte-stimulating 443:466 arg1 hormone 468:474 α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone 443:474 α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) 443:482 In this work, we tested albumin-alginate microparticles, as a potential delivery system, to study if continuous release in the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, may result in a long-term decrease in food intake and body weight. 25637491 7 25 theme α-MSH-loaded 1296:1307 arg1 particles 1309:1317 α-MSH-loaded particles 1296:1317 α-MSH-loaded particles 1296:1317 The presence of α-MSH-loaded particles in the hypothalamus was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. 25637491 2 26 theme hormone 468:474 arg1 hypothalamus 427:438 the hypothalamus 423:438 the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, 423:513 In this work, we tested albumin-alginate microparticles, as a potential delivery system, to study if continuous release in the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, may result in a long-term decrease in food intake and body weight. 25637491 5 27 theme α-MSH 1077:1081 arg1 dose 1069:1072 the same dose 1060:1072 the same dose of α-MSH in solution 1060:1093 A decrease in body weight gain, persisting throughout the study, was found in rats injected with α-MSH-charged particles as compared with rats receiving non-charged particles and with rats injected with the same dose of α-MSH in solution. 25637491 2 28 theme body 569:572 arg1 weight 574:579 body weight 569:579 body weight 569:579 In this work, we tested albumin-alginate microparticles, as a potential delivery system, to study if continuous release in the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, may result in a long-term decrease in food intake and body weight. 25637491 0 29 theme Chronic 0:6 arg1 delivery 8:15 Chronic delivery 0:15 Chronic delivery of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in rat hypothalamus using albumin-alginate microparticles: effects on food intake and body weight. 0:150 Chronic delivery of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in rat hypothalamus using albumin-alginate microparticles: effects on food intake and body weight. 25637491 8 30 theme chronic 1544:1550 arg1 delivery 1552:1559 chronic delivery 1544:1559 chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus 1544:1588 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 3 31 theme in 660:661 arg1 assay 669:673 an in vitro assay 657:673 an in vitro assay 657:673 The 2-week release of α-MSH from peptide-loaded particles was confirmed by an in vitro assay. 25637491 8 32 theme food 1628:1631 arg1 intake 1633:1638 food intake 1628:1638 food intake 1628:1638 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 8 33 from gain 1670:1673 arg1 rats 1678:1681 rats 1678:1681 rats 1678:1681 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 8 34 from delivery 1552:1559 arg1 hypothalamus 1577:1588 the hypothalamus 1573:1588 the hypothalamus 1573:1588 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 0 35 theme α-melanocyte-stimulating 20:43 arg1 hormone 45:51 α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone 20:51 α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone 20:51 Chronic delivery of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in rat hypothalamus using albumin-alginate microparticles: effects on food intake and body weight. 25637491 5 36 located found 926:930 arg2 decrease 859:866 A decrease 857:866 A decrease in body weight gain, persisting throughout the study, 857:920 A decrease in body weight gain, persisting throughout the study, was found in rats injected with α-MSH-charged particles as compared with rats receiving non-charged particles and with rats injected with the same dose of α-MSH in solution. 25637491 5 36 located found 926:930 arg1 rats 935:938 rats 935:938 rats injected with α-MSH-charged particles as compared with rats receiving non-charged particles and with rats injected with the same dose of α-MSH in solution 935:1093 A decrease in body weight gain, persisting throughout the study, was found in rats injected with α-MSH-charged particles as compared with rats receiving non-charged particles and with rats injected with the same dose of α-MSH in solution. 25637491 0 37 theme body 139:142 arg1 weight 144:149 body weight 139:149 body weight 139:149 Chronic delivery of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in rat hypothalamus using albumin-alginate microparticles: effects on food intake and body weight. 25637491 4 38 theme hypothalamic 795:806 arg1 nucleus 808:814 the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus 775:814 the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus 775:814 Then, daily food intake and body weight were studied for 18 days in rats injected bilaterally into the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus with particles loaded or not with α-MSH. 25637491 5 39 dep particles 968:976 arg1 compared 981:988 compared 981:988 compared with rats receiving non-charged particles and with rats injected with the same dose of α-MSH in solution 981:1093 A decrease in body weight gain, persisting throughout the study, was found in rats injected with α-MSH-charged particles as compared with rats receiving non-charged particles and with rats injected with the same dose of α-MSH in solution. 25637491 5 40 from dose 1069:1072 arg1 solution 1086:1093 solution 1086:1093 solution 1086:1093 A decrease in body weight gain, persisting throughout the study, was found in rats injected with α-MSH-charged particles as compared with rats receiving non-charged particles and with rats injected with the same dose of α-MSH in solution. 25637491 8 41 from decrease 1646:1653 arg1 rats 1678:1681 rats 1678:1681 rats 1678:1681 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 5 42 theme weight 876:881 arg1 gain 883:886 body weight gain 871:886 body weight gain 871:886 A decrease in body weight gain, persisting throughout the study, was found in rats injected with α-MSH-charged particles as compared with rats receiving non-charged particles and with rats injected with the same dose of α-MSH in solution. 25637491 1 43 theme useful 204:209 arg1 delivery 160:167 Chronic delivery 152:167 Chronic delivery of neuropeptides in the brain 152:197 Chronic delivery of neuropeptides in the brain is a useful experimental approach to study their long-term effects on various biological parameters. 25637491 1 43 theme useful 204:209 arg1 approach 224:231 a useful experimental approach 202:231 a useful experimental approach to study their long-term effects on various biological parameters 202:297 Chronic delivery of neuropeptides in the brain is a useful experimental approach to study their long-term effects on various biological parameters. 25637491 1 44 from effects 258:264 arg1 parameters 288:297 various biological parameters 269:297 various biological parameters 269:297 Chronic delivery of neuropeptides in the brain is a useful experimental approach to study their long-term effects on various biological parameters. 25637491 3 45 theme 2-week 586:591 arg1 release 593:599 The 2-week release 582:599 The 2-week release of α-MSH from peptide-loaded particles 582:638 The 2-week release of α-MSH from peptide-loaded particles was confirmed by an in vitro assay. 25637491 1 46 theme experimental 211:222 arg1 delivery 160:167 Chronic delivery 152:167 Chronic delivery of neuropeptides in the brain 152:197 Chronic delivery of neuropeptides in the brain is a useful experimental approach to study their long-term effects on various biological parameters. 25637491 1 46 theme experimental 211:222 arg1 approach 224:231 a useful experimental approach 202:231 a useful experimental approach to study their long-term effects on various biological parameters 202:297 Chronic delivery of neuropeptides in the brain is a useful experimental approach to study their long-term effects on various biological parameters. 25637491 0 47 theme hormone 45:51 arg1 delivery 8:15 Chronic delivery 0:15 Chronic delivery of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in rat hypothalamus using albumin-alginate microparticles: effects on food intake and body weight. 0:150 Chronic delivery of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in rat hypothalamus using albumin-alginate microparticles: effects on food intake and body weight. 25637491 2 48 theme long-term 531:539 arg1 decrease 541:548 a long-term decrease 529:548 a long-term decrease in food intake and body weight 529:579 In this work, we tested albumin-alginate microparticles, as a potential delivery system, to study if continuous release in the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, may result in a long-term decrease in food intake and body weight. 25637491 8 49 theme new 1450:1452 arg1 system 1462:1467 a new carrier system 1448:1467 a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain 1448:1520 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 8 49 theme new 1450:1452 arg1 microparticles 1430:1443 albumin-alginate microparticles 1413:1443 albumin-alginate microparticles 1413:1443 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 4 50 theme paraventricular 779:793 arg1 nucleus 808:814 the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus 775:814 the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus 775:814 Then, daily food intake and body weight were studied for 18 days in rats injected bilaterally into the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus with particles loaded or not with α-MSH. 25637491 2 51 theme continuous 401:410 arg1 release 412:418 continuous release 401:418 continuous release in the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, 401:513 In this work, we tested albumin-alginate microparticles, as a potential delivery system, to study if continuous release in the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, may result in a long-term decrease in food intake and body weight. 25637491 8 52 from brain 1516:1520 arg1 delivery 1483:1490 long-term delivery 1473:1490 long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain 1473:1520 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 8 53 theme α-MSH 1564:1568 arg1 delivery 1552:1559 chronic delivery 1544:1559 chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus 1544:1588 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 5 54 from α-MSH 1077:1081 arg1 solution 1086:1093 solution 1086:1093 solution 1086:1093 A decrease in body weight gain, persisting throughout the study, was found in rats injected with α-MSH-charged particles as compared with rats receiving non-charged particles and with rats injected with the same dose of α-MSH in solution. 25637491 5 55 from solution 1086:1093 arg1 dose 1069:1072 the same dose 1060:1072 the same dose of α-MSH in solution 1060:1093 A decrease in body weight gain, persisting throughout the study, was found in rats injected with α-MSH-charged particles as compared with rats receiving non-charged particles and with rats injected with the same dose of α-MSH in solution. 25637491 6 56 theme Food 1096:1099 arg1 intake 1101:1106 Food intake 1096:1106 Food intake 1096:1106 Food intake was significantly decreased for 3 days in rats receiving α-MSH-loaded particles and it was not followed by the feeding rebound effect which appears after food restriction. 25637491 0 57 theme rat 56:58 arg1 hypothalamus 60:71 rat hypothalamus 56:71 rat hypothalamus using albumin-alginate microparticles 56:109 Chronic delivery of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in rat hypothalamus using albumin-alginate microparticles: effects on food intake and body weight. 25637491 2 58 theme food 553:556 arg1 intake 558:563 food intake 553:563 food intake 553:563 In this work, we tested albumin-alginate microparticles, as a potential delivery system, to study if continuous release in the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, may result in a long-term decrease in food intake and body weight. 25637491 5 59 theme non-charged 1010:1020 arg1 particles 1022:1030 non-charged particles 1010:1030 non-charged particles 1010:1030 A decrease in body weight gain, persisting throughout the study, was found in rats injected with α-MSH-charged particles as compared with rats receiving non-charged particles and with rats injected with the same dose of α-MSH in solution. 25637491 8 60 from rats 1678:1681 arg1 decrease 1646:1653 a decrease 1644:1653 a decrease of body weight gain in rats 1644:1681 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 8 60 from rats 1678:1681 arg1 suppression 1613:1623 a prolonged suppression 1601:1623 a prolonged suppression of food intake 1601:1638 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 4 61 theme food 688:691 arg1 intake 693:698 daily food intake 682:698 daily food intake 682:698 Then, daily food intake and body weight were studied for 18 days in rats injected bilaterally into the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus with particles loaded or not with α-MSH. 25637491 6 62 theme food 1262:1265 arg1 restriction 1267:1277 food restriction 1262:1277 food restriction 1262:1277 Food intake was significantly decreased for 3 days in rats receiving α-MSH-loaded particles and it was not followed by the feeding rebound effect which appears after food restriction. 25637491 8 63 theme carrier 1454:1460 arg1 system 1462:1467 a new carrier system 1448:1467 a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain 1448:1520 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 8 63 theme carrier 1454:1460 arg1 microparticles 1430:1443 albumin-alginate microparticles 1413:1443 albumin-alginate microparticles 1413:1443 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 4 64 theme body 704:707 arg1 weight 709:714 body weight 704:714 body weight 704:714 Then, daily food intake and body weight were studied for 18 days in rats injected bilaterally into the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus with particles loaded or not with α-MSH. 25637491 8 65 from delivery 1483:1490 arg1 brain 1516:1520 the brain 1512:1520 the brain 1512:1520 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 2 66 from decrease 541:548 arg1 intake 558:563 food intake 553:563 food intake 553:563 In this work, we tested albumin-alginate microparticles, as a potential delivery system, to study if continuous release in the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, may result in a long-term decrease in food intake and body weight. 25637491 2 66 from decrease 541:548 arg1 weight 574:579 body weight 569:579 body weight 569:579 In this work, we tested albumin-alginate microparticles, as a potential delivery system, to study if continuous release in the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, may result in a long-term decrease in food intake and body weight. 25637491 8 67 from suppression 1613:1623 arg1 rats 1678:1681 rats 1678:1681 rats 1678:1681 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 7 68 attach presence 1284:1291 arg2 particles 1309:1317 α-MSH-loaded particles 1296:1317 α-MSH-loaded particles 1296:1317 The presence of α-MSH-loaded particles in the hypothalamus was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. 25637491 7 68 attach presence 1284:1291 arg1 hypothalamus 1326:1337 the hypothalamus 1322:1337 the hypothalamus 1322:1337 The presence of α-MSH-loaded particles in the hypothalamus was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. 25637491 3 69 theme peptide-loaded 615:628 arg1 particles 630:638 peptide-loaded particles 615:638 peptide-loaded particles 615:638 The 2-week release of α-MSH from peptide-loaded particles was confirmed by an in vitro assay. 25637491 2 70 from release 412:418 arg1 hypothalamus 427:438 the hypothalamus 423:438 the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, 423:513 In this work, we tested albumin-alginate microparticles, as a potential delivery system, to study if continuous release in the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, may result in a long-term decrease in food intake and body weight. 25637491 2 71 theme albumin-alginate 324:339 arg1 microparticles 341:354 albumin-alginate microparticles 324:354 albumin-alginate microparticles 324:354 In this work, we tested albumin-alginate microparticles, as a potential delivery system, to study if continuous release in the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, may result in a long-term decrease in food intake and body weight. 25637491 2 71 theme albumin-alginate 324:339 arg1 system 381:386 a potential delivery system 360:386 a potential delivery system 360:386 In this work, we tested albumin-alginate microparticles, as a potential delivery system, to study if continuous release in the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, may result in a long-term decrease in food intake and body weight. 25637491 0 72 theme albumin-alginate 79:94 arg1 microparticles 96:109 albumin-alginate microparticles 79:109 albumin-alginate microparticles 79:109 Chronic delivery of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in rat hypothalamus using albumin-alginate microparticles: effects on food intake and body weight. 25637491 0 73 from effects 112:118 arg1 weight 144:149 body weight 139:149 body weight 139:149 Chronic delivery of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in rat hypothalamus using albumin-alginate microparticles: effects on food intake and body weight. 25637491 0 73 from effects 112:118 arg1 intake 128:133 food intake 123:133 food intake 123:133 Chronic delivery of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in rat hypothalamus using albumin-alginate microparticles: effects on food intake and body weight. 25637491 0 74 dep delivery 8:15 arg1 effects 112:118 effects 112:118 Chronic delivery of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in rat hypothalamus using albumin-alginate microparticles: effects on food intake and body weight. 0:150 Chronic delivery of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in rat hypothalamus using albumin-alginate microparticles: effects on food intake and body weight. 25637491 7 75 from presence 1284:1291 arg1 hypothalamus 1326:1337 the hypothalamus 1322:1337 the hypothalamus 1322:1337 The presence of α-MSH-loaded particles in the hypothalamus was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. 25637491 1 76 theme Chronic 152:158 arg1 delivery 160:167 Chronic delivery 152:167 Chronic delivery of neuropeptides in the brain 152:197 Chronic delivery of neuropeptides in the brain is a useful experimental approach to study their long-term effects on various biological parameters. 25637491 1 76 theme Chronic 152:158 arg1 approach 224:231 a useful experimental approach 202:231 a useful experimental approach to study their long-term effects on various biological parameters 202:297 Chronic delivery of neuropeptides in the brain is a useful experimental approach to study their long-term effects on various biological parameters. 25637491 8 77 theme prolonged 1603:1611 arg1 suppression 1613:1623 a prolonged suppression 1601:1623 a prolonged suppression of food intake 1601:1638 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 8 78 theme intake 1633:1638 arg1 decrease 1646:1653 a decrease 1644:1653 a decrease of body weight gain in rats 1644:1681 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 8 78 theme intake 1633:1638 arg1 suppression 1613:1623 a prolonged suppression 1601:1623 a prolonged suppression of food intake 1601:1638 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 8 79 from neuropeptides 1495:1507 arg1 brain 1516:1520 the brain 1512:1520 the brain 1512:1520 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 3 80 theme α-MSH 604:608 arg1 release 593:599 The 2-week release 582:599 The 2-week release of α-MSH from peptide-loaded particles 582:638 The 2-week release of α-MSH from peptide-loaded particles was confirmed by an in vitro assay. 25637491 2 81 theme delivery 372:379 arg1 microparticles 341:354 albumin-alginate microparticles 324:354 albumin-alginate microparticles 324:354 In this work, we tested albumin-alginate microparticles, as a potential delivery system, to study if continuous release in the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, may result in a long-term decrease in food intake and body weight. 25637491 2 81 theme delivery 372:379 arg1 system 381:386 a potential delivery system 360:386 a potential delivery system 360:386 In this work, we tested albumin-alginate microparticles, as a potential delivery system, to study if continuous release in the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, may result in a long-term decrease in food intake and body weight. 25637491 8 82 theme weight 1663:1668 arg1 gain 1670:1673 body weight gain 1658:1673 body weight gain in rats 1658:1681 In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats. 25637491 1 83 theme long-term 248:256 arg1 effects 258:264 their long-term effects 242:264 their long-term effects on various biological parameters 242:297 Chronic delivery of neuropeptides in the brain is a useful experimental approach to study their long-term effects on various biological parameters. 29058428 6 0 dep increased 1198:1206 arg1 < 1238:1238 p < 0.05 1236:1243 p < 0.05 1236:1243 In general, germination or fermentation decreased the oligosaccharide content, and increased the total sugar in samples (p < 0.05). 29058428 12 1 theme dietary 1918:1924 arg1 fiber 1926:1930 Soluble dietary fiber 1910:1930 Soluble dietary fiber in germinated soy 1910:1948 Soluble dietary fiber in germinated soy significantly increased. 29058428 4 2 theme enzyme 807:812 arg1 activities 814:823 The enzyme activities 803:823 The enzyme activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase 803:854 The enzyme activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase were compared before and after germination or fermentation. 29058428 2 3 theme starch 322:327 arg1 stachyose 360:368 stachyose 360:368 stachyose 360:368 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 3 theme starch 322:327 arg1 fructose 298:305 fructose 298:305 fructose 298:305 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 3 theme starch 322:327 arg1 starch 322:327 starch 322:327 starch 322:327 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 3 theme starch 322:327 arg1 fiber 399:403 dietary fiber 391:403 dietary fiber 391:403 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 3 theme starch 322:327 arg1 amount 271:276 the amount 267:276 the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber 267:403 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 3 theme starch 322:327 arg1 oligosaccharides 330:345 oligosaccharides 330:345 oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose) 330:384 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 3 theme starch 322:327 arg1 sugars 281:286 sugars 281:286 sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose) 281:319 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 3 theme starch 322:327 arg1 raffinose 375:383 raffinose 375:383 raffinose 375:383 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 3 theme starch 322:327 arg1 glucose 312:318 glucose 312:318 glucose 312:318 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 3 theme starch 322:327 arg1 verbascose 348:357 verbascose 348:357 verbascose 348:357 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 3 theme starch 322:327 arg1 sucrose 289:295 sucrose 289:295 sucrose 289:295 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 9 4 theme soy 1540:1542 arg1 flour 1544:1548 soy flour 1540:1548 soy flour 1540:1548 Total oligosaccharides in soy flour prior to fermentation were 180 mg/g and significantly decreased to ∼124 mg/g in fermented soy. 29058428 11 5 from change 1717:1722 arg1 fiber 1780:1784 total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 1742:1784 total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 1742:1784 There was no significant change in the amounts of total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber after germination or fermentation of lupin except for galactose, which was significantly reduced in germinated lupin seeds. 29058428 11 5 from change 1717:1722 arg1 amounts 1731:1737 the amounts 1727:1737 the amounts of total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 1727:1784 There was no significant change in the amounts of total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber after germination or fermentation of lupin except for galactose, which was significantly reduced in germinated lupin seeds. 29058428 2 6 theme sugars 281:286 arg1 stachyose 360:368 stachyose 360:368 stachyose 360:368 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 6 theme sugars 281:286 arg1 fructose 298:305 fructose 298:305 fructose 298:305 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 6 theme sugars 281:286 arg1 starch 322:327 starch 322:327 starch 322:327 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 6 theme sugars 281:286 arg1 fiber 399:403 dietary fiber 391:403 dietary fiber 391:403 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 6 theme sugars 281:286 arg1 amount 271:276 the amount 267:276 the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber 267:403 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 6 theme sugars 281:286 arg1 oligosaccharides 330:345 oligosaccharides 330:345 oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose) 330:384 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 6 theme sugars 281:286 arg1 sugars 281:286 sugars 281:286 sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose) 281:319 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 6 theme sugars 281:286 arg1 raffinose 375:383 raffinose 375:383 raffinose 375:383 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 6 theme sugars 281:286 arg1 glucose 312:318 glucose 312:318 glucose 312:318 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 6 theme sugars 281:286 arg1 verbascose 348:357 verbascose 348:357 verbascose 348:357 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 6 theme sugars 281:286 arg1 sucrose 289:295 sucrose 289:295 sucrose 289:295 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 7 7 theme 6 1333:1333 arg1 % 1328:1328 % 1328:1328 % 1328:1328 Total oligosaccharides in lupin after uncontrolled germination were reduced by 98% to 6 mg/g, and after controlled germination reduced by 44% to 86 mg/g. 29058428 7 8 theme controlled 1351:1360 arg1 germination 1362:1372 controlled germination 1351:1372 controlled germination 1351:1372 Total oligosaccharides in lupin after uncontrolled germination were reduced by 98% to 6 mg/g, and after controlled germination reduced by 44% to 86 mg/g. 29058428 9 9 theme 180 1577:1579 arg1 mg/g 1581:1584 mg/g 1581:1584 mg/g 1581:1584 Total oligosaccharides in soy flour prior to fermentation were 180 mg/g and significantly decreased to ∼124 mg/g in fermented soy. 29058428 3 10 theme liquid 521:526 arg1 chromatography 528:541 High performance liquid chromatography 504:541 High performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index 504:571 High performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index was employed for quantitation of sugars, starch, and oligosaccharides, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector was used for quantitation of simple sugars in total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber. 29058428 7 11 dep reduced 1315:1321 arg1 reduced 1374:1380 reduced 1374:1380 reduced by 44% to 86 mg/g 1374:1398 Total oligosaccharides in lupin after uncontrolled germination were reduced by 98% to 6 mg/g, and after controlled germination reduced by 44% to 86 mg/g. 29058428 3 12 theme ionization 688:697 arg1 detector 699:706 a flame ionization detector 680:706 a flame ionization detector 680:706 High performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index was employed for quantitation of sugars, starch, and oligosaccharides, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector was used for quantitation of simple sugars in total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber. 29058428 3 13 theme High 504:507 arg1 chromatography 528:541 High performance liquid chromatography 504:541 High performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index 504:571 High performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index was employed for quantitation of sugars, starch, and oligosaccharides, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector was used for quantitation of simple sugars in total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber. 29058428 6 14 theme oligosaccharide 1169:1183 arg1 content 1185:1191 the oligosaccharide content 1165:1191 the oligosaccharide content 1165:1191 In general, germination or fermentation decreased the oligosaccharide content, and increased the total sugar in samples (p < 0.05). 29058428 3 15 theme refractive 556:565 arg1 index 567:571 refractive index 556:571 refractive index 556:571 High performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index was employed for quantitation of sugars, starch, and oligosaccharides, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector was used for quantitation of simple sugars in total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber. 29058428 1 16 theme carbohydrates 212:224 arg1 composition 197:207 the composition 193:207 the composition of carbohydrates in Australian sweet lupin 193:250 This study investigated the effect of germination and fermentation on the composition of carbohydrates in Australian sweet lupin. 29058428 7 17 theme uncontrolled 1285:1296 arg1 germination 1298:1308 uncontrolled germination 1285:1308 uncontrolled germination 1285:1308 Total oligosaccharides in lupin after uncontrolled germination were reduced by 98% to 6 mg/g, and after controlled germination reduced by 44% to 86 mg/g. 29058428 6 18 theme p 1236:1236 arg1 < 1238:1238 p < 0.05 1236:1243 p < 0.05 1236:1243 In general, germination or fermentation decreased the oligosaccharide content, and increased the total sugar in samples (p < 0.05). 29058428 3 19 theme total 754:758 arg1 fiber 796:800 total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 754:800 total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 754:800 High performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index was employed for quantitation of sugars, starch, and oligosaccharides, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector was used for quantitation of simple sugars in total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber. 29058428 3 20 theme insoluble 778:786 arg1 fiber 796:800 total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 754:800 total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 754:800 High performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index was employed for quantitation of sugars, starch, and oligosaccharides, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector was used for quantitation of simple sugars in total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber. 29058428 2 21 theme lupin 459:463 arg1 flour 465:469 fermented lupin flour 449:469 fermented lupin flour 449:469 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 3 22 theme sugars 744:749 arg1 quantitation 721:732 quantitation 721:732 quantitation of simple sugars in total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 721:800 High performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index was employed for quantitation of sugars, starch, and oligosaccharides, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector was used for quantitation of simple sugars in total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber. 29058428 13 23 theme effective 2019:2027 arg1 techniques 2029:2038 simple and effective techniques 2008:2038 simple and effective techniques 2008:2038 Germination and fermentation are simple and effective techniques to reduce the oligosaccharides while maintaining the composition of dietary fibers. 29058428 13 23 theme effective 2019:2027 arg1 fermentation 1991:2002 fermentation 1991:2002 fermentation 1991:2002 Germination and fermentation are simple and effective techniques to reduce the oligosaccharides while maintaining the composition of dietary fibers. 29058428 13 23 theme effective 2019:2027 arg1 Germination 1975:1985 Germination 1975:1985 Germination 1975:1985 Germination and fermentation are simple and effective techniques to reduce the oligosaccharides while maintaining the composition of dietary fibers. 29058428 4 24 theme α-glucosidase 842:854 arg1 activities 814:823 The enzyme activities 803:823 The enzyme activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase 803:854 The enzyme activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase were compared before and after germination or fermentation. 29058428 0 25 theme Sweet 81:85 arg1 Lupin 87:91 Australian Sweet Lupin 70:91 Australian Sweet Lupin 70:91 Effect of Germination and Fermentation on Carbohydrate Composition of Australian Sweet Lupin and Soybean Seeds and Flours. 29058428 1 26 from effect 151:156 arg1 composition 197:207 the composition 193:207 the composition of carbohydrates in Australian sweet lupin 193:250 This study investigated the effect of germination and fermentation on the composition of carbohydrates in Australian sweet lupin. 29058428 0 27 from Effect 0:5 arg1 Composition 55:65 Carbohydrate Composition 42:65 Carbohydrate Composition of Australian Sweet Lupin and Soybean Seeds and Flours 42:120 Effect of Germination and Fermentation on Carbohydrate Composition of Australian Sweet Lupin and Soybean Seeds and Flours. 29058428 11 28 theme lupin 1897:1901 arg1 seeds 1903:1907 germinated lupin seeds 1886:1907 germinated lupin seeds 1886:1907 There was no significant change in the amounts of total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber after germination or fermentation of lupin except for galactose, which was significantly reduced in germinated lupin seeds. 29058428 5 29 theme α-amylase 920:928 arg1 activity 930:937 The α-amylase activity 916:937 The α-amylase activity in germinated lupin 916:957 The α-amylase activity in germinated lupin increased to ∼17 nmol/mL/min/0.1 g and in germinated soy∼32; in fermented lupin, the activity increased to ∼52, while in fermented soy it decreased to ∼20. 29058428 7 30 from oligosaccharides 1253:1268 arg1 lupin 1273:1277 lupin 1273:1277 lupin after uncontrolled germination 1273:1308 Total oligosaccharides in lupin after uncontrolled germination were reduced by 98% to 6 mg/g, and after controlled germination reduced by 44% to 86 mg/g. 29058428 8 31 with Fermentation 1401:1412 arg1 culture 1426:1432 yogurt culture 1419:1432 yogurt culture 1419:1432 Fermentation with yogurt culture lowered the content of total oligosaccharides due to 94% decrease in stachyose. 29058428 0 32 theme Seeds 105:109 arg1 Composition 55:65 Carbohydrate Composition 42:65 Carbohydrate Composition of Australian Sweet Lupin and Soybean Seeds and Flours 42:120 Effect of Germination and Fermentation on Carbohydrate Composition of Australian Sweet Lupin and Soybean Seeds and Flours. 29058428 7 33 theme Total 1247:1251 arg1 oligosaccharides 1253:1268 Total oligosaccharides 1247:1268 Total oligosaccharides in lupin after uncontrolled germination 1247:1308 Total oligosaccharides in lupin after uncontrolled germination were reduced by 98% to 6 mg/g, and after controlled germination reduced by 44% to 86 mg/g. 29058428 11 34 theme insoluble 1762:1770 arg1 fiber 1780:1784 total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 1742:1784 total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 1742:1784 There was no significant change in the amounts of total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber after germination or fermentation of lupin except for galactose, which was significantly reduced in germinated lupin seeds. 29058428 2 35 theme dietary 391:397 arg1 fiber 399:403 dietary fiber 391:403 dietary fiber 391:403 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 0 36 theme Germination 10:20 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of Germination and Fermentation on Carbohydrate Composition of Australian Sweet Lupin and Soybean Seeds and Flours. 0:121 Effect of Germination and Fermentation on Carbohydrate Composition of Australian Sweet Lupin and Soybean Seeds and Flours. 29058428 2 37 theme lupin 433:437 arg1 seeds 439:443 germinated lupin seeds 422:443 germinated lupin seeds 422:443 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 0 38 theme Fermentation 26:37 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of Germination and Fermentation on Carbohydrate Composition of Australian Sweet Lupin and Soybean Seeds and Flours. 0:121 Effect of Germination and Fermentation on Carbohydrate Composition of Australian Sweet Lupin and Soybean Seeds and Flours. 29058428 5 39 theme fermented 1080:1088 arg1 soy 1090:1092 fermented soy 1080:1092 fermented soy 1080:1092 The α-amylase activity in germinated lupin increased to ∼17 nmol/mL/min/0.1 g and in germinated soy∼32; in fermented lupin, the activity increased to ∼52, while in fermented soy it decreased to ∼20. 29058428 2 40 theme germinated 422:431 arg1 seeds 439:443 germinated lupin seeds 422:443 germinated lupin seeds 422:443 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 5 41 theme nmol/mL/min/0.1 976:990 arg1 g 992:992 ∼17 nmol/mL/min/0.1 g 972:992 ∼17 nmol/mL/min/0.1 g 972:992 The α-amylase activity in germinated lupin increased to ∼17 nmol/mL/min/0.1 g and in germinated soy∼32; in fermented lupin, the activity increased to ∼52, while in fermented soy it decreased to ∼20. 29058428 8 42 theme oligosaccharides 1463:1478 arg1 content 1446:1452 the content 1442:1452 the content of total oligosaccharides 1442:1478 Fermentation with yogurt culture lowered the content of total oligosaccharides due to 94% decrease in stachyose. 29058428 0 43 theme Carbohydrate 42:53 arg1 Composition 55:65 Carbohydrate Composition 42:65 Carbohydrate Composition of Australian Sweet Lupin and Soybean Seeds and Flours 42:120 Effect of Germination and Fermentation on Carbohydrate Composition of Australian Sweet Lupin and Soybean Seeds and Flours. 29058428 3 44 theme oligosaccharides 626:641 arg1 quantitation 590:601 quantitation 590:601 quantitation of sugars, starch, and oligosaccharides 590:641 High performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index was employed for quantitation of sugars, starch, and oligosaccharides, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector was used for quantitation of simple sugars in total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber. 29058428 9 45 theme Total 1514:1518 arg1 oligosaccharides 1520:1535 Total oligosaccharides 1514:1535 Total oligosaccharides in soy flour prior to fermentation 1514:1570 Total oligosaccharides in soy flour prior to fermentation were 180 mg/g and significantly decreased to ∼124 mg/g in fermented soy. 29058428 8 46 theme % 1489:1489 arg1 decrease 1491:1498 94% decrease 1487:1498 94% decrease in stachyose 1487:1511 Fermentation with yogurt culture lowered the content of total oligosaccharides due to 94% decrease in stachyose. 29058428 1 47 theme sweet 240:244 arg1 lupin 246:250 Australian sweet lupin 229:250 Australian sweet lupin 229:250 This study investigated the effect of germination and fermentation on the composition of carbohydrates in Australian sweet lupin. 29058428 12 48 theme germinated 1935:1944 arg1 soy 1946:1948 germinated soy 1935:1948 germinated soy 1935:1948 Soluble dietary fiber in germinated soy significantly increased. 29058428 12 49 theme Soluble 1910:1916 arg1 fiber 1926:1930 Soluble dietary fiber 1910:1930 Soluble dietary fiber in germinated soy 1910:1948 Soluble dietary fiber in germinated soy significantly increased. 29058428 6 50 theme total 1212:1216 arg1 sugar 1218:1222 the total sugar 1208:1222 the total sugar 1208:1222 In general, germination or fermentation decreased the oligosaccharide content, and increased the total sugar in samples (p < 0.05). 29058428 11 51 theme germinated 1886:1895 arg1 seeds 1903:1907 germinated lupin seeds 1886:1907 germinated lupin seeds 1886:1907 There was no significant change in the amounts of total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber after germination or fermentation of lupin except for galactose, which was significantly reduced in germinated lupin seeds. 29058428 3 52 theme performance 509:519 arg1 chromatography 528:541 High performance liquid chromatography 504:541 High performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index 504:571 High performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index was employed for quantitation of sugars, starch, and oligosaccharides, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector was used for quantitation of simple sugars in total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber. 29058428 3 53 theme flame 682:686 arg1 detector 699:706 a flame ionization detector 680:706 a flame ionization detector 680:706 High performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index was employed for quantitation of sugars, starch, and oligosaccharides, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector was used for quantitation of simple sugars in total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber. 29058428 1 54 theme germination 161:171 arg1 effect 151:156 the effect 147:156 the effect of germination and fermentation on the composition of carbohydrates in Australian sweet lupin 147:250 This study investigated the effect of germination and fermentation on the composition of carbohydrates in Australian sweet lupin. 29058428 10 55 theme starch 1676:1681 arg1 content 1683:1689 the starch content 1672:1689 the starch content 1672:1689 Germination did not affect the starch content. 29058428 1 56 theme fermentation 177:188 arg1 effect 151:156 the effect 147:156 the effect of germination and fermentation on the composition of carbohydrates in Australian sweet lupin 147:250 This study investigated the effect of germination and fermentation on the composition of carbohydrates in Australian sweet lupin. 29058428 7 57 theme 98 1326:1327 arg1 % 1328:1328 % 1328:1328 % 1328:1328 Total oligosaccharides in lupin after uncontrolled germination were reduced by 98% to 6 mg/g, and after controlled germination reduced by 44% to 86 mg/g. 29058428 8 58 from decrease 1491:1498 arg1 stachyose 1503:1511 stachyose 1503:1511 stachyose 1503:1511 Fermentation with yogurt culture lowered the content of total oligosaccharides due to 94% decrease in stachyose. 29058428 5 59 theme fermented 1023:1031 arg1 lupin 1033:1037 fermented lupin 1023:1037 fermented lupin 1023:1037 The α-amylase activity in germinated lupin increased to ∼17 nmol/mL/min/0.1 g and in germinated soy∼32; in fermented lupin, the activity increased to ∼52, while in fermented soy it decreased to ∼20. 29058428 3 60 used used 712:715 arg2 chromatography 652:665 gas chromatography 648:665 gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector 648:706 High performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index was employed for quantitation of sugars, starch, and oligosaccharides, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector was used for quantitation of simple sugars in total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber. 29058428 3 61 theme simple 737:742 arg1 sugars 744:749 simple sugars 737:749 simple sugars 737:749 High performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index was employed for quantitation of sugars, starch, and oligosaccharides, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector was used for quantitation of simple sugars in total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber. 29058428 11 62 theme lupin 1823:1827 arg1 fermentation 1807:1818 fermentation 1807:1818 fermentation 1807:1818 There was no significant change in the amounts of total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber after germination or fermentation of lupin except for galactose, which was significantly reduced in germinated lupin seeds. 29058428 11 62 theme lupin 1823:1827 arg1 germination 1792:1802 germination 1792:1802 germination 1792:1802 There was no significant change in the amounts of total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber after germination or fermentation of lupin except for galactose, which was significantly reduced in germinated lupin seeds. 29058428 4 63 theme α-amylase 828:836 arg1 activities 814:823 The enzyme activities 803:823 The enzyme activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase 803:854 The enzyme activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase were compared before and after germination or fermentation. 29058428 11 64 theme significant 1705:1715 arg1 change 1717:1722 no significant change 1702:1722 no significant change in the amounts of total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 1702:1784 There was no significant change in the amounts of total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber after germination or fermentation of lupin except for galactose, which was significantly reduced in germinated lupin seeds. 29058428 5 65 theme germinated 1001:1010 arg1 soy∼32 1012:1017 germinated soy∼32 1001:1017 germinated soy∼32 1001:1017 The α-amylase activity in germinated lupin increased to ∼17 nmol/mL/min/0.1 g and in germinated soy∼32; in fermented lupin, the activity increased to ∼52, while in fermented soy it decreased to ∼20. 29058428 1 66 from composition 197:207 arg1 lupin 246:250 Australian sweet lupin 229:250 Australian sweet lupin 229:250 This study investigated the effect of germination and fermentation on the composition of carbohydrates in Australian sweet lupin. 29058428 9 67 theme fermented 1630:1638 arg1 soy 1640:1642 fermented soy 1630:1642 fermented soy 1630:1642 Total oligosaccharides in soy flour prior to fermentation were 180 mg/g and significantly decreased to ∼124 mg/g in fermented soy. 29058428 0 68 theme Australian 70:79 arg1 Lupin 87:91 Australian Sweet Lupin 70:91 Australian Sweet Lupin 70:91 Effect of Germination and Fermentation on Carbohydrate Composition of Australian Sweet Lupin and Soybean Seeds and Flours. 29058428 13 69 theme simple 2008:2013 arg1 techniques 2029:2038 simple and effective techniques 2008:2038 simple and effective techniques 2008:2038 Germination and fermentation are simple and effective techniques to reduce the oligosaccharides while maintaining the composition of dietary fibers. 29058428 13 69 theme simple 2008:2013 arg1 fermentation 1991:2002 fermentation 1991:2002 fermentation 1991:2002 Germination and fermentation are simple and effective techniques to reduce the oligosaccharides while maintaining the composition of dietary fibers. 29058428 13 69 theme simple 2008:2013 arg1 Germination 1975:1985 Germination 1975:1985 Germination 1975:1985 Germination and fermentation are simple and effective techniques to reduce the oligosaccharides while maintaining the composition of dietary fibers. 29058428 3 70 theme dietary 788:794 arg1 fiber 796:800 total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 754:800 total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 754:800 High performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index was employed for quantitation of sugars, starch, and oligosaccharides, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector was used for quantitation of simple sugars in total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber. 29058428 2 71 theme fermented 449:457 arg1 flour 465:469 fermented lupin flour 449:469 fermented lupin flour 449:469 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 0 72 theme Lupin 87:91 arg1 Composition 55:65 Carbohydrate Composition 42:65 Carbohydrate Composition of Australian Sweet Lupin and Soybean Seeds and Flours 42:120 Effect of Germination and Fermentation on Carbohydrate Composition of Australian Sweet Lupin and Soybean Seeds and Flours. 29058428 11 73 theme soluble 1749:1755 arg1 fiber 1780:1784 total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 1742:1784 total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 1742:1784 There was no significant change in the amounts of total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber after germination or fermentation of lupin except for galactose, which was significantly reduced in germinated lupin seeds. 29058428 12 74 from fiber 1926:1930 arg1 soy 1946:1948 germinated soy 1935:1948 germinated soy 1935:1948 Soluble dietary fiber in germinated soy significantly increased. 29058428 7 75 dep % 1328:1328 arg1 to 1330:1331 to 1330:1331 to 1330:1331 Total oligosaccharides in lupin after uncontrolled germination were reduced by 98% to 6 mg/g, and after controlled germination reduced by 44% to 86 mg/g. 29058428 3 76 from quantitation 721:732 arg1 fiber 796:800 total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 754:800 total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 754:800 High performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index was employed for quantitation of sugars, starch, and oligosaccharides, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector was used for quantitation of simple sugars in total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber. 29058428 2 77 dep sugars 281:286 arg1 sugars 281:286 sugars 281:286 sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose) 281:319 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 77 dep sugars 281:286 arg1 fructose 298:305 fructose 298:305 fructose 298:305 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 77 dep sugars 281:286 arg1 glucose 312:318 glucose 312:318 glucose 312:318 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 77 dep sugars 281:286 arg1 sucrose 289:295 sucrose 289:295 sucrose 289:295 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 0 78 theme Soybean 97:103 arg1 Seeds 105:109 Soybean Seeds 97:109 Soybean Seeds 97:109 Effect of Germination and Fermentation on Carbohydrate Composition of Australian Sweet Lupin and Soybean Seeds and Flours. 29058428 8 79 theme yogurt 1419:1424 arg1 culture 1426:1432 yogurt culture 1419:1432 yogurt culture 1419:1432 Fermentation with yogurt culture lowered the content of total oligosaccharides due to 94% decrease in stachyose. 29058428 3 80 theme soluble 765:771 arg1 fiber 796:800 total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 754:800 total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 754:800 High performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index was employed for quantitation of sugars, starch, and oligosaccharides, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector was used for quantitation of simple sugars in total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber. 29058428 9 81 from oligosaccharides 1520:1535 arg1 flour 1544:1548 soy flour 1540:1548 soy flour 1540:1548 Total oligosaccharides in soy flour prior to fermentation were 180 mg/g and significantly decreased to ∼124 mg/g in fermented soy. 29058428 2 82 dep oligosaccharides 330:345 arg1 stachyose 360:368 stachyose 360:368 stachyose 360:368 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 82 dep oligosaccharides 330:345 arg1 raffinose 375:383 raffinose 375:383 raffinose 375:383 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 82 dep oligosaccharides 330:345 arg1 verbascose 348:357 verbascose 348:357 verbascose 348:357 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 82 dep oligosaccharides 330:345 arg1 oligosaccharides 330:345 oligosaccharides 330:345 oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose) 330:384 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 83 theme fiber 399:403 arg1 stachyose 360:368 stachyose 360:368 stachyose 360:368 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 83 theme fiber 399:403 arg1 fructose 298:305 fructose 298:305 fructose 298:305 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 83 theme fiber 399:403 arg1 starch 322:327 starch 322:327 starch 322:327 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 83 theme fiber 399:403 arg1 fiber 399:403 dietary fiber 391:403 dietary fiber 391:403 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 83 theme fiber 399:403 arg1 amount 271:276 the amount 267:276 the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber 267:403 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 83 theme fiber 399:403 arg1 oligosaccharides 330:345 oligosaccharides 330:345 oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose) 330:384 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 83 theme fiber 399:403 arg1 sugars 281:286 sugars 281:286 sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose) 281:319 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 83 theme fiber 399:403 arg1 raffinose 375:383 raffinose 375:383 raffinose 375:383 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 83 theme fiber 399:403 arg1 glucose 312:318 glucose 312:318 glucose 312:318 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 83 theme fiber 399:403 arg1 verbascose 348:357 verbascose 348:357 verbascose 348:357 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 83 theme fiber 399:403 arg1 sucrose 289:295 sucrose 289:295 sucrose 289:295 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 11 84 theme dietary 1772:1778 arg1 fiber 1780:1784 total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 1742:1784 total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 1742:1784 There was no significant change in the amounts of total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber after germination or fermentation of lupin except for galactose, which was significantly reduced in germinated lupin seeds. 29058428 8 85 theme total 1457:1461 arg1 oligosaccharides 1463:1478 total oligosaccharides 1457:1478 total oligosaccharides 1457:1478 Fermentation with yogurt culture lowered the content of total oligosaccharides due to 94% decrease in stachyose. 29058428 3 86 theme sugars 606:611 arg1 quantitation 590:601 quantitation 590:601 quantitation of sugars, starch, and oligosaccharides 590:641 High performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index was employed for quantitation of sugars, starch, and oligosaccharides, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector was used for quantitation of simple sugars in total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber. 29058428 5 87 theme ∼17 972:974 arg1 g 992:992 ∼17 nmol/mL/min/0.1 g 972:992 ∼17 nmol/mL/min/0.1 g 972:992 The α-amylase activity in germinated lupin increased to ∼17 nmol/mL/min/0.1 g and in germinated soy∼32; in fermented lupin, the activity increased to ∼52, while in fermented soy it decreased to ∼20. 29058428 11 88 theme fiber 1780:1784 arg1 fiber 1780:1784 total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 1742:1784 total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 1742:1784 There was no significant change in the amounts of total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber after germination or fermentation of lupin except for galactose, which was significantly reduced in germinated lupin seeds. 29058428 11 88 theme fiber 1780:1784 arg1 amounts 1731:1737 the amounts 1727:1737 the amounts of total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 1727:1784 There was no significant change in the amounts of total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber after germination or fermentation of lupin except for galactose, which was significantly reduced in germinated lupin seeds. 29058428 13 89 theme fibers 2116:2121 arg1 composition 2093:2103 the composition 2089:2103 the composition of dietary fibers 2089:2121 Germination and fermentation are simple and effective techniques to reduce the oligosaccharides while maintaining the composition of dietary fibers. 29058428 8 90 theme 94 1487:1488 arg1 % 1489:1489 % 1489:1489 % 1489:1489 Fermentation with yogurt culture lowered the content of total oligosaccharides due to 94% decrease in stachyose. 29058428 11 91 theme total 1742:1746 arg1 fiber 1780:1784 total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 1742:1784 total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber 1742:1784 There was no significant change in the amounts of total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber after germination or fermentation of lupin except for galactose, which was significantly reduced in germinated lupin seeds. 29058428 5 92 theme germinated 942:951 arg1 lupin 953:957 germinated lupin 942:957 germinated lupin 942:957 The α-amylase activity in germinated lupin increased to ∼17 nmol/mL/min/0.1 g and in germinated soy∼32; in fermented lupin, the activity increased to ∼52, while in fermented soy it decreased to ∼20. 29058428 3 93 theme starch 614:619 arg1 quantitation 590:601 quantitation 590:601 quantitation of sugars, starch, and oligosaccharides 590:641 High performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index was employed for quantitation of sugars, starch, and oligosaccharides, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector was used for quantitation of simple sugars in total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber. 29058428 13 94 theme dietary 2108:2114 arg1 fibers 2116:2121 dietary fibers 2108:2121 dietary fibers 2108:2121 Germination and fermentation are simple and effective techniques to reduce the oligosaccharides while maintaining the composition of dietary fibers. 29058428 1 95 theme Australian 229:238 arg1 lupin 246:250 Australian sweet lupin 229:250 Australian sweet lupin 229:250 This study investigated the effect of germination and fermentation on the composition of carbohydrates in Australian sweet lupin. 29058428 3 96 theme gas 648:650 arg1 chromatography 652:665 gas chromatography 648:665 gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector 648:706 High performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index was employed for quantitation of sugars, starch, and oligosaccharides, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector was used for quantitation of simple sugars in total, and soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber. 29058428 2 97 theme oligosaccharides 330:345 arg1 stachyose 360:368 stachyose 360:368 stachyose 360:368 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 97 theme oligosaccharides 330:345 arg1 fructose 298:305 fructose 298:305 fructose 298:305 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 97 theme oligosaccharides 330:345 arg1 starch 322:327 starch 322:327 starch 322:327 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 97 theme oligosaccharides 330:345 arg1 fiber 399:403 dietary fiber 391:403 dietary fiber 391:403 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 97 theme oligosaccharides 330:345 arg1 amount 271:276 the amount 267:276 the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber 267:403 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 97 theme oligosaccharides 330:345 arg1 oligosaccharides 330:345 oligosaccharides 330:345 oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose) 330:384 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 97 theme oligosaccharides 330:345 arg1 sugars 281:286 sugars 281:286 sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose) 281:319 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 97 theme oligosaccharides 330:345 arg1 raffinose 375:383 raffinose 375:383 raffinose 375:383 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 97 theme oligosaccharides 330:345 arg1 glucose 312:318 glucose 312:318 glucose 312:318 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 97 theme oligosaccharides 330:345 arg1 verbascose 348:357 verbascose 348:357 verbascose 348:357 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 2 97 theme oligosaccharides 330:345 arg1 sucrose 289:295 sucrose 289:295 sucrose 289:295 Specifically, the amount of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), starch, oligosaccharides (verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose), and dietary fiber were measured in germinated lupin seeds and fermented lupin flour, and compared with those in soy. 29058428 5 98 from activity 930:937 arg1 lupin 953:957 germinated lupin 942:957 germinated lupin 942:957 The α-amylase activity in germinated lupin increased to ∼17 nmol/mL/min/0.1 g and in germinated soy∼32; in fermented lupin, the activity increased to ∼52, while in fermented soy it decreased to ∼20. 27208152 7 0 theme 500 g/kg 1235:1242 arg1 cornstarch 1244:1253 500 g/kg cornstarch 1235:1253 500 g/kg cornstarch 1235:1253 Twelve cecectomized LSL-Classic hens were individually housed in metabolism cages and either fed a basal diet containing 500 g/kg cornstarch or one of 20 triticale diets, each replacing the cornstarch with one triticale genotype, for 8 d. 27208152 14 1 theme laying 2221:2226 arg1 hens 2228:2231 laying hens 2221:2231 laying hens 2221:2231 In conclusion, AA digestibility of triticale grain is high overall in laying hens but varies significantly between crop genotypes. 27208152 13 2 theme adjusted 2005:2012 arg1 R2 2014:2015 adjusted R2 2005:2015 adjusted R2; 2005:2016 The explanatory power (adjusted R2;) of these prediction equations was below 0.7 for most AA and thus not sufficiently precise to be suitable for practical application. 27208152 2 3 from impact 295:300 arg1 performance 309:319 hen performance 305:319 hen performance 305:319 However, our limited knowledge of its nutritional qualities and their impact on hen performance prevents optimization of its use. 27208152 14 4 from overall 2210:2216 arg1 hens 2228:2231 laying hens 2221:2231 laying hens 2221:2231 In conclusion, AA digestibility of triticale grain is high overall in laying hens but varies significantly between crop genotypes. 27208152 14 4 from overall 2210:2216 arg1 conclusion 2154:2163 conclusion 2154:2163 conclusion 2154:2163 In conclusion, AA digestibility of triticale grain is high overall in laying hens but varies significantly between crop genotypes. 27208152 3 5 theme AA 510:511 arg1 digestibility 513:525 AA digestibility 510:525 AA digestibility 510:525 The present study investigated the digestibility of amino acids ( AA: ) in triticale grain in laying hens, and additionally examined relationships between AA digestibility and chemical and physical characteristics of the grain. 27208152 12 6 theme AA 1859:1860 arg1 digestibility 1862:1874 AA digestibility 1859:1874 AA digestibility 1859:1874 Equations to predict AA digestibility based on the grain's physical and chemical characteristics were calculated by multiple linear regression. 27208152 4 7 theme standardized 630:641 arg1 conditions 671:680 standardized agronomic and environmental conditions 630:680 standardized agronomic and environmental conditions 630:680 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 2 8 theme limited 238:244 arg1 knowledge 246:254 our limited knowledge 234:254 our limited knowledge of its nutritional qualities and their impact on hen performance 234:319 However, our limited knowledge of its nutritional qualities and their impact on hen performance prevents optimization of its use. 27208152 4 9 theme proximate 844:852 arg1 minerals 897:904 minerals 897:904 minerals 897:904 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 4 9 theme proximate 844:852 arg1 phosphates 916:925 inositol phosphates 907:925 inositol phosphates 907:925 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 4 9 theme proximate 844:852 arg1 AA 893:894 AA 893:894 AA 893:894 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 4 9 theme proximate 844:852 arg1 nutrients 854:862 proximate nutrients 844:862 proximate nutrients 844:862 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 4 9 theme proximate 844:852 arg1 polysaccharides 876:890 non-starch polysaccharides 865:890 non-starch polysaccharides 865:890 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 10 10 dep % 1705:1705 arg1 to 1700:1701 to 1700:1701 to 1700:1701 The digestibility of all AA differed significantly between the 20 genotypes, including Lys (digestibility range 68 to 80%), Met (77 to 86%), Thr (68 to 78%) and Trp (74 to 83%). 27208152 0 11 theme acid 21:24 arg1 digestibility 26:38 amino acid digestibility 15:38 amino acid digestibility of triticale grain from diverse genotypes as studied in cecectomized laying hens 15:119 Variability in amino acid digestibility of triticale grain from diverse genotypes as studied in cecectomized laying hens. 27208152 14 12 theme triticale 2186:2194 arg1 grain 2196:2200 triticale grain 2186:2200 triticale grain 2186:2200 In conclusion, AA digestibility of triticale grain is high overall in laying hens but varies significantly between crop genotypes. 27208152 4 13 theme inositol 907:914 arg1 phosphates 916:925 inositol phosphates 907:925 inositol phosphates 907:925 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 4 13 theme inositol 907:914 arg1 nutrients 854:862 proximate nutrients 844:862 proximate nutrients 844:862 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 4 14 theme triticale 603:611 arg1 genotypes 590:598 Twenty genotypes 583:598 Twenty genotypes of triticale 583:611 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 2 15 theme nutritional 263:273 arg1 qualities 275:283 its nutritional qualities 259:283 its nutritional qualities 259:283 However, our limited knowledge of its nutritional qualities and their impact on hen performance prevents optimization of its use. 27208152 0 16 from genotypes 72:80 arg1 Variability 0:10 Variability 0:10 Variability in amino acid digestibility of triticale grain from diverse genotypes as studied in cecectomized laying hens. 0:120 Variability in amino acid digestibility of triticale grain from diverse genotypes as studied in cecectomized laying hens. 27208152 0 16 from genotypes 72:80 arg1 digestibility 26:38 amino acid digestibility 15:38 amino acid digestibility of triticale grain from diverse genotypes as studied in cecectomized laying hens 15:119 Variability in amino acid digestibility of triticale grain from diverse genotypes as studied in cecectomized laying hens. 27208152 3 17 theme amino 407:411 arg1 acids 413:417 amino acids 407:417 amino acids ( AA: ) 407:425 The present study investigated the digestibility of amino acids ( AA: ) in triticale grain in laying hens, and additionally examined relationships between AA digestibility and chemical and physical characteristics of the grain. 27208152 3 17 theme amino 407:411 arg1 AA 421:422 AA: 421:423 AA: 421:423 The present study investigated the digestibility of amino acids ( AA: ) in triticale grain in laying hens, and additionally examined relationships between AA digestibility and chemical and physical characteristics of the grain. 27208152 13 18 theme explanatory 1986:1996 arg1 suitable 2115:2122 suitable 2115:2122 suitable 2115:2122 The explanatory power (adjusted R2;) of these prediction equations was below 0.7 for most AA and thus not sufficiently precise to be suitable for practical application. 27208152 13 18 theme explanatory 1986:1996 arg1 power 1998:2002 The explanatory power 1982:2002 The explanatory power (adjusted R2;) of these prediction equations 1982:2047 The explanatory power (adjusted R2;) of these prediction equations was below 0.7 for most AA and thus not sufficiently precise to be suitable for practical application. 27208152 11 19 theme consistent 1809:1818 arg1 pattern 1820:1826 a consistent pattern 1807:1826 a consistent pattern among AA 1807:1835 However, AA digestibility only correlated with characteristics of the grain in few cases, without a consistent pattern among AA. 27208152 9 20 theme acid 1448:1451 arg1 digestibility 1453:1465 Amino acid digestibility 1442:1465 Amino acid digestibility of the triticale genotypes 1442:1492 Amino acid digestibility of the triticale genotypes was calculated by linear regression. 27208152 2 21 from knowledge 246:254 arg1 performance 309:319 hen performance 305:319 hen performance 305:319 However, our limited knowledge of its nutritional qualities and their impact on hen performance prevents optimization of its use. 27208152 11 22 from cases 1792:1796 arg1 characteristics 1756:1770 characteristics 1756:1770 characteristics of the grain in few cases 1756:1796 However, AA digestibility only correlated with characteristics of the grain in few cases, without a consistent pattern among AA. 27208152 14 23 theme AA 2166:2167 arg1 digestibility 2169:2181 AA digestibility 2166:2181 AA digestibility of triticale grain 2166:2200 In conclusion, AA digestibility of triticale grain is high overall in laying hens but varies significantly between crop genotypes. 27208152 9 24 theme triticale 1474:1482 arg1 genotypes 1484:1492 the triticale genotypes 1470:1492 the triticale genotypes 1470:1492 Amino acid digestibility of the triticale genotypes was calculated by linear regression. 27208152 11 25 from characteristics 1756:1770 arg1 cases 1792:1796 few cases 1788:1796 few cases 1788:1796 However, AA digestibility only correlated with characteristics of the grain in few cases, without a consistent pattern among AA. 27208152 1 26 theme anthropogenic 136:148 arg1 Triticale 122:130 Triticale 122:130 Triticale 122:130 Triticale, an anthropogenic hybrid grain, is increasing in importance as a feed grain for laying hens. 27208152 1 26 theme anthropogenic 136:148 arg1 grain 157:161 an anthropogenic hybrid grain 133:161 an anthropogenic hybrid grain 133:161 Triticale, an anthropogenic hybrid grain, is increasing in importance as a feed grain for laying hens. 27208152 2 27 from qualities 275:283 arg1 performance 309:319 hen performance 305:319 hen performance 305:319 However, our limited knowledge of its nutritional qualities and their impact on hen performance prevents optimization of its use. 27208152 7 28 theme basal 1213:1217 arg1 diet 1219:1222 a basal diet 1211:1222 a basal diet containing 500 g/kg cornstarch 1211:1253 Twelve cecectomized LSL-Classic hens were individually housed in metabolism cages and either fed a basal diet containing 500 g/kg cornstarch or one of 20 triticale diets, each replacing the cornstarch with one triticale genotype, for 8 d. 27208152 15 29 theme grain 2373:2377 arg1 characteristics 2350:2364 physical and chemical characteristics 2328:2364 physical and chemical characteristics of the grain 2328:2377 This variation could not be well explained by physical and chemical characteristics of the grain. 27208152 4 30 theme gross 932:936 arg1 concentration 945:957 gross energy concentration 932:957 gross energy concentration 932:957 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 0 31 from Variability 0:10 arg1 genotypes 72:80 diverse genotypes 64:80 diverse genotypes as studied in cecectomized laying hens 64:119 Variability in amino acid digestibility of triticale grain from diverse genotypes as studied in cecectomized laying hens. 27208152 0 31 from Variability 0:10 arg1 digestibility 26:38 amino acid digestibility 15:38 amino acid digestibility of triticale grain from diverse genotypes as studied in cecectomized laying hens 15:119 Variability in amino acid digestibility of triticale grain from diverse genotypes as studied in cecectomized laying hens. 27208152 3 32 theme acids 413:417 arg1 digestibility 390:402 the digestibility 386:402 the digestibility of amino acids ( AA: ) in triticale grain in laying hens 386:459 The present study investigated the digestibility of amino acids ( AA: ) in triticale grain in laying hens, and additionally examined relationships between AA digestibility and chemical and physical characteristics of the grain. 27208152 0 33 theme cecectomized 96:107 arg1 hens 116:119 cecectomized laying hens 96:119 cecectomized laying hens 96:119 Variability in amino acid digestibility of triticale grain from diverse genotypes as studied in cecectomized laying hens. 27208152 15 34 theme chemical 2341:2348 arg1 characteristics 2350:2364 physical and chemical characteristics 2328:2364 physical and chemical characteristics of the grain 2328:2377 This variation could not be well explained by physical and chemical characteristics of the grain. 27208152 7 35 theme triticale 1324:1332 arg1 genotype 1334:1341 one triticale genotype 1320:1341 one triticale genotype 1320:1341 Twelve cecectomized LSL-Classic hens were individually housed in metabolism cages and either fed a basal diet containing 500 g/kg cornstarch or one of 20 triticale diets, each replacing the cornstarch with one triticale genotype, for 8 d. 27208152 7 36 theme metabolism 1179:1188 arg1 cages 1190:1194 metabolism cages 1179:1194 metabolism cages 1179:1194 Twelve cecectomized LSL-Classic hens were individually housed in metabolism cages and either fed a basal diet containing 500 g/kg cornstarch or one of 20 triticale diets, each replacing the cornstarch with one triticale genotype, for 8 d. 27208152 15 37 theme physical 2328:2335 arg1 characteristics 2350:2364 physical and chemical characteristics 2328:2364 physical and chemical characteristics of the grain 2328:2377 This variation could not be well explained by physical and chemical characteristics of the grain. 27208152 6 38 theme Latin 1055:1059 arg1 Squares 1061:1067 4 Latin Squares 1053:1067 4 Latin Squares (6 × 6) distributed among 2 subsequent runs 1053:1111 The animal trial comprised 4 Latin Squares (6 × 6) distributed among 2 subsequent runs. 27208152 6 38 theme Latin 1055:1059 arg1 6 × 6 1070:1074 6 × 6 1070:1074 6 × 6 1070:1074 The animal trial comprised 4 Latin Squares (6 × 6) distributed among 2 subsequent runs. 27208152 4 39 theme thousand-seed 745:757 arg1 number 788:793 falling number 780:793 falling number 780:793 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 4 39 theme thousand-seed 745:757 arg1 viscoelasticity 804:818 extract viscoelasticity 796:818 extract viscoelasticity 796:818 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 4 39 theme thousand-seed 745:757 arg1 weight 759:764 thousand-seed weight 745:764 thousand-seed weight 745:764 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 4 39 theme thousand-seed 745:757 arg1 weight 772:777 test weight 767:777 test weight 767:777 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 11 40 theme few 1788:1790 arg1 cases 1792:1796 few cases 1788:1796 few cases 1788:1796 However, AA digestibility only correlated with characteristics of the grain in few cases, without a consistent pattern among AA. 27208152 0 41 theme amino 15:19 arg1 digestibility 26:38 amino acid digestibility 15:38 amino acid digestibility of triticale grain from diverse genotypes as studied in cecectomized laying hens 15:119 Variability in amino acid digestibility of triticale grain from diverse genotypes as studied in cecectomized laying hens. 27208152 11 42 theme grain 1779:1783 arg1 characteristics 1756:1770 characteristics 1756:1770 characteristics of the grain in few cases 1756:1796 However, AA digestibility only correlated with characteristics of the grain in few cases, without a consistent pattern among AA. 27208152 13 43 theme equations 2039:2047 arg1 suitable 2115:2122 suitable 2115:2122 suitable 2115:2122 The explanatory power (adjusted R2;) of these prediction equations was below 0.7 for most AA and thus not sufficiently precise to be suitable for practical application. 27208152 13 43 theme equations 2039:2047 arg1 power 1998:2002 The explanatory power 1982:2002 The explanatory power (adjusted R2;) of these prediction equations 1982:2047 The explanatory power (adjusted R2;) of these prediction equations was below 0.7 for most AA and thus not sufficiently precise to be suitable for practical application. 27208152 6 44 theme animal 1030:1035 arg1 trial 1037:1041 The animal trial 1026:1041 The animal trial 1026:1041 The animal trial comprised 4 Latin Squares (6 × 6) distributed among 2 subsequent runs. 27208152 10 45 dep % 1651:1651 arg1 to 1646:1647 to 1646:1647 to 1646:1647 The digestibility of all AA differed significantly between the 20 genotypes, including Lys (digestibility range 68 to 80%), Met (77 to 86%), Thr (68 to 78%) and Trp (74 to 83%). 27208152 0 46 theme triticale 43:51 arg1 grain 53:57 triticale grain 43:57 triticale grain 43:57 Variability in amino acid digestibility of triticale grain from diverse genotypes as studied in cecectomized laying hens. 27208152 7 47 theme diets 1278:1282 arg1 one 1258:1260 one 1258:1260 one 1258:1260 Twelve cecectomized LSL-Classic hens were individually housed in metabolism cages and either fed a basal diet containing 500 g/kg cornstarch or one of 20 triticale diets, each replacing the cornstarch with one triticale genotype, for 8 d. 27208152 7 47 theme diets 1278:1282 arg1 each 1285:1288 each 1285:1288 each 1285:1288 Twelve cecectomized LSL-Classic hens were individually housed in metabolism cages and either fed a basal diet containing 500 g/kg cornstarch or one of 20 triticale diets, each replacing the cornstarch with one triticale genotype, for 8 d. 27208152 7 47 theme diets 1278:1282 arg1 diets 1278:1282 20 triticale diets 1265:1282 20 triticale diets 1265:1282 Twelve cecectomized LSL-Classic hens were individually housed in metabolism cages and either fed a basal diet containing 500 g/kg cornstarch or one of 20 triticale diets, each replacing the cornstarch with one triticale genotype, for 8 d. 27208152 4 48 theme falling 780:786 arg1 number 788:793 falling number 780:793 falling number 780:793 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 4 48 theme falling 780:786 arg1 weight 759:764 thousand-seed weight 745:764 thousand-seed weight 745:764 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 4 49 theme extract 796:802 arg1 viscoelasticity 804:818 extract viscoelasticity 796:818 extract viscoelasticity 796:818 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 4 49 theme extract 796:802 arg1 weight 759:764 thousand-seed weight 745:764 thousand-seed weight 745:764 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 3 50 theme triticale 430:438 arg1 grain 440:444 triticale grain 430:444 triticale grain in laying hens 430:459 The present study investigated the digestibility of amino acids ( AA: ) in triticale grain in laying hens, and additionally examined relationships between AA digestibility and chemical and physical characteristics of the grain. 27208152 6 51 theme subsequent 1097:1106 arg1 runs 1108:1111 2 subsequent runs 1095:1111 2 subsequent runs 1095:1111 The animal trial comprised 4 Latin Squares (6 × 6) distributed among 2 subsequent runs. 27208152 13 52 dep power 1998:2002 arg1 R2 2014:2015 adjusted R2 2005:2015 adjusted R2; 2005:2016 The explanatory power (adjusted R2;) of these prediction equations was below 0.7 for most AA and thus not sufficiently precise to be suitable for practical application. 27208152 1 53 theme laying 212:217 arg1 hens 219:222 laying hens 212:222 laying hens 212:222 Triticale, an anthropogenic hybrid grain, is increasing in importance as a feed grain for laying hens. 27208152 0 54 theme grain 53:57 arg1 digestibility 26:38 amino acid digestibility 15:38 amino acid digestibility of triticale grain from diverse genotypes as studied in cecectomized laying hens 15:119 Variability in amino acid digestibility of triticale grain from diverse genotypes as studied in cecectomized laying hens. 27208152 5 55 theme nitrogen 1001:1008 arg1 solubility 987:996 the in vitro solubility 974:996 the in vitro solubility of nitrogen 974:1008 Additionally, the in vitro solubility of nitrogen was determined. 27208152 11 56 theme AA 1718:1719 arg1 digestibility 1721:1733 AA digestibility 1718:1733 AA digestibility 1718:1733 However, AA digestibility only correlated with characteristics of the grain in few cases, without a consistent pattern among AA. 27208152 10 57 theme AA 1556:1557 arg1 digestibility 1535:1547 The digestibility 1531:1547 The digestibility of all AA 1531:1557 The digestibility of all AA differed significantly between the 20 genotypes, including Lys (digestibility range 68 to 80%), Met (77 to 86%), Thr (68 to 78%) and Trp (74 to 83%). 27208152 14 58 theme grain 2196:2200 arg1 digestibility 2169:2181 AA digestibility 2166:2181 AA digestibility of triticale grain 2166:2200 In conclusion, AA digestibility of triticale grain is high overall in laying hens but varies significantly between crop genotypes. 27208152 4 59 theme non-starch 865:874 arg1 nutrients 854:862 proximate nutrients 844:862 proximate nutrients 844:862 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 4 59 theme non-starch 865:874 arg1 polysaccharides 876:890 non-starch polysaccharides 865:890 non-starch polysaccharides 865:890 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 2 60 from performance 309:319 arg1 knowledge 246:254 our limited knowledge 234:254 our limited knowledge of its nutritional qualities and their impact on hen performance 234:319 However, our limited knowledge of its nutritional qualities and their impact on hen performance prevents optimization of its use. 27208152 7 61 theme LSL-Classic 1134:1144 arg1 hens 1146:1149 Twelve cecectomized LSL-Classic hens 1114:1149 Twelve cecectomized LSL-Classic hens 1114:1149 Twelve cecectomized LSL-Classic hens were individually housed in metabolism cages and either fed a basal diet containing 500 g/kg cornstarch or one of 20 triticale diets, each replacing the cornstarch with one triticale genotype, for 8 d. 27208152 4 62 theme chemical 822:829 arg1 composition 831:841 chemical composition 822:841 chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) 822:926 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 3 63 from grain 440:444 arg1 hens 456:459 laying hens 449:459 laying hens 449:459 The present study investigated the digestibility of amino acids ( AA: ) in triticale grain in laying hens, and additionally examined relationships between AA digestibility and chemical and physical characteristics of the grain. 27208152 3 64 theme chemical 531:538 arg1 characteristics 553:567 chemical and physical characteristics 531:567 chemical and physical characteristics of the grain 531:580 The present study investigated the digestibility of amino acids ( AA: ) in triticale grain in laying hens, and additionally examined relationships between AA digestibility and chemical and physical characteristics of the grain. 27208152 4 65 theme agronomic 643:651 arg1 conditions 671:680 standardized agronomic and environmental conditions 630:680 standardized agronomic and environmental conditions 630:680 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 2 66 theme qualities 275:283 arg1 knowledge 246:254 our limited knowledge 234:254 our limited knowledge of its nutritional qualities and their impact on hen performance 234:319 However, our limited knowledge of its nutritional qualities and their impact on hen performance prevents optimization of its use. 27208152 13 67 theme practical 2128:2136 arg1 application 2138:2148 practical application 2128:2148 practical application 2128:2148 The explanatory power (adjusted R2;) of these prediction equations was below 0.7 for most AA and thus not sufficiently precise to be suitable for practical application. 27208152 2 68 theme hen 305:307 arg1 performance 309:319 hen performance 305:319 hen performance 305:319 However, our limited knowledge of its nutritional qualities and their impact on hen performance prevents optimization of its use. 27208152 9 69 theme Amino 1442:1446 arg1 digestibility 1453:1465 Amino acid digestibility 1442:1465 Amino acid digestibility of the triticale genotypes 1442:1492 Amino acid digestibility of the triticale genotypes was calculated by linear regression. 27208152 11 70 from grain 1779:1783 arg1 cases 1792:1796 few cases 1788:1796 few cases 1788:1796 However, AA digestibility only correlated with characteristics of the grain in few cases, without a consistent pattern among AA. 27208152 12 71 theme linear 1963:1968 arg1 regression 1970:1979 multiple linear regression 1954:1979 multiple linear regression 1954:1979 Equations to predict AA digestibility based on the grain's physical and chemical characteristics were calculated by multiple linear regression. 27208152 7 72 with cornstarch 1304:1313 arg1 genotype 1334:1341 one triticale genotype 1320:1341 one triticale genotype 1320:1341 Twelve cecectomized LSL-Classic hens were individually housed in metabolism cages and either fed a basal diet containing 500 g/kg cornstarch or one of 20 triticale diets, each replacing the cornstarch with one triticale genotype, for 8 d. 27208152 3 73 theme physical 544:551 arg1 characteristics 553:567 chemical and physical characteristics 531:567 chemical and physical characteristics of the grain 531:580 The present study investigated the digestibility of amino acids ( AA: ) in triticale grain in laying hens, and additionally examined relationships between AA digestibility and chemical and physical characteristics of the grain. 27208152 12 74 theme chemical 1910:1917 arg1 characteristics 1919:1933 the grain's physical and chemical characteristics 1885:1933 the grain's physical and chemical characteristics 1885:1933 Equations to predict AA digestibility based on the grain's physical and chemical characteristics were calculated by multiple linear regression. 27208152 4 75 dep properties 733:742 arg1 number 788:793 falling number 780:793 falling number 780:793 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 4 75 dep properties 733:742 arg1 viscoelasticity 804:818 extract viscoelasticity 796:818 extract viscoelasticity 796:818 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 4 75 dep properties 733:742 arg1 weight 759:764 thousand-seed weight 745:764 thousand-seed weight 745:764 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 4 75 dep properties 733:742 arg1 weight 772:777 test weight 767:777 test weight 767:777 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 14 76 from hens 2228:2231 arg1 overall 2210:2216 overall 2210:2216 overall 2210:2216 In conclusion, AA digestibility of triticale grain is high overall in laying hens but varies significantly between crop genotypes. 27208152 10 77 dep 78 1683:1684 arg1 to 1680:1681 to 1680:1681 to 1680:1681 The digestibility of all AA differed significantly between the 20 genotypes, including Lys (digestibility range 68 to 80%), Met (77 to 86%), Thr (68 to 78%) and Trp (74 to 83%). 27208152 0 78 theme diverse 64:70 arg1 genotypes 72:80 diverse genotypes 64:80 diverse genotypes as studied in cecectomized laying hens 64:119 Variability in amino acid digestibility of triticale grain from diverse genotypes as studied in cecectomized laying hens. 27208152 3 79 theme grain 576:580 arg1 characteristics 553:567 chemical and physical characteristics 531:567 chemical and physical characteristics of the grain 531:580 The present study investigated the digestibility of amino acids ( AA: ) in triticale grain in laying hens, and additionally examined relationships between AA digestibility and chemical and physical characteristics of the grain. 27208152 3 79 theme grain 576:580 arg1 digestibility 513:525 AA digestibility 510:525 AA digestibility 510:525 The present study investigated the digestibility of amino acids ( AA: ) in triticale grain in laying hens, and additionally examined relationships between AA digestibility and chemical and physical characteristics of the grain. 27208152 12 80 theme multiple 1954:1961 arg1 regression 1970:1979 multiple linear regression 1954:1979 multiple linear regression 1954:1979 Equations to predict AA digestibility based on the grain's physical and chemical characteristics were calculated by multiple linear regression. 27208152 9 81 theme genotypes 1484:1492 arg1 digestibility 1453:1465 Amino acid digestibility 1442:1465 Amino acid digestibility of the triticale genotypes 1442:1492 Amino acid digestibility of the triticale genotypes was calculated by linear regression. 27208152 4 82 theme environmental 657:669 arg1 conditions 671:680 standardized agronomic and environmental conditions 630:680 standardized agronomic and environmental conditions 630:680 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 1 83 theme hybrid 150:155 arg1 Triticale 122:130 Triticale 122:130 Triticale 122:130 Triticale, an anthropogenic hybrid grain, is increasing in importance as a feed grain for laying hens. 27208152 1 83 theme hybrid 150:155 arg1 grain 157:161 an anthropogenic hybrid grain 133:161 an anthropogenic hybrid grain 133:161 Triticale, an anthropogenic hybrid grain, is increasing in importance as a feed grain for laying hens. 27208152 12 84 theme physical 1897:1904 arg1 characteristics 1919:1933 the grain's physical and chemical characteristics 1885:1933 the grain's physical and chemical characteristics 1885:1933 Equations to predict AA digestibility based on the grain's physical and chemical characteristics were calculated by multiple linear regression. 27208152 3 85 from digestibility 390:402 arg1 grain 440:444 triticale grain 430:444 triticale grain in laying hens 430:459 The present study investigated the digestibility of amino acids ( AA: ) in triticale grain in laying hens, and additionally examined relationships between AA digestibility and chemical and physical characteristics of the grain. 27208152 9 86 theme linear 1512:1517 arg1 regression 1519:1528 linear regression 1512:1528 linear regression 1512:1528 Amino acid digestibility of the triticale genotypes was calculated by linear regression. 27208152 0 87 theme laying 109:114 arg1 hens 116:119 cecectomized laying hens 96:119 cecectomized laying hens 96:119 Variability in amino acid digestibility of triticale grain from diverse genotypes as studied in cecectomized laying hens. 27208152 4 88 theme energy 938:943 arg1 concentration 945:957 gross energy concentration 932:957 gross energy concentration 932:957 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 10 89 dep 86 1666:1667 arg1 to 1663:1664 to 1663:1664 to 1663:1664 The digestibility of all AA differed significantly between the 20 genotypes, including Lys (digestibility range 68 to 80%), Met (77 to 86%), Thr (68 to 78%) and Trp (74 to 83%). 27208152 10 90 theme digestibility 1623:1635 arg1 Lys 1618:1620 Lys 1618:1620 Lys (digestibility range 68 to 80%) 1618:1652 The digestibility of all AA differed significantly between the 20 genotypes, including Lys (digestibility range 68 to 80%), Met (77 to 86%), Thr (68 to 78%) and Trp (74 to 83%). 27208152 10 90 theme digestibility 1623:1635 arg1 % 1651:1651 digestibility range 68 to 80% 1623:1651 digestibility range 68 to 80% 1623:1651 The digestibility of all AA differed significantly between the 20 genotypes, including Lys (digestibility range 68 to 80%), Met (77 to 86%), Thr (68 to 78%) and Trp (74 to 83%). 27208152 3 91 theme present 359:365 arg1 study 367:371 The present study 355:371 The present study 355:371 The present study investigated the digestibility of amino acids ( AA: ) in triticale grain in laying hens, and additionally examined relationships between AA digestibility and chemical and physical characteristics of the grain. 27208152 4 92 theme physical 724:731 arg1 properties 733:742 their physical properties 718:742 their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity) 718:819 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 2 93 theme use 350:352 arg1 optimization 330:341 optimization 330:341 optimization of its use 330:352 However, our limited knowledge of its nutritional qualities and their impact on hen performance prevents optimization of its use. 27208152 4 94 dep composition 831:841 arg1 minerals 897:904 minerals 897:904 minerals 897:904 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 4 94 dep composition 831:841 arg1 phosphates 916:925 inositol phosphates 907:925 inositol phosphates 907:925 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 4 94 dep composition 831:841 arg1 AA 893:894 AA 893:894 AA 893:894 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 4 94 dep composition 831:841 arg1 nutrients 854:862 proximate nutrients 844:862 proximate nutrients 844:862 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 4 94 dep composition 831:841 arg1 polysaccharides 876:890 non-starch polysaccharides 865:890 non-starch polysaccharides 865:890 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 13 95 theme most 2067:2070 arg1 AA 2072:2073 most AA 2067:2073 most AA 2067:2073 The explanatory power (adjusted R2;) of these prediction equations was below 0.7 for most AA and thus not sufficiently precise to be suitable for practical application. 27208152 10 96 theme range 1637:1641 arg1 Lys 1618:1620 Lys 1618:1620 Lys (digestibility range 68 to 80%) 1618:1652 The digestibility of all AA differed significantly between the 20 genotypes, including Lys (digestibility range 68 to 80%), Met (77 to 86%), Thr (68 to 78%) and Trp (74 to 83%). 27208152 10 96 theme range 1637:1641 arg1 % 1651:1651 digestibility range 68 to 80% 1623:1651 digestibility range 68 to 80% 1623:1651 The digestibility of all AA differed significantly between the 20 genotypes, including Lys (digestibility range 68 to 80%), Met (77 to 86%), Thr (68 to 78%) and Trp (74 to 83%). 27208152 8 97 theme last 1364:1367 arg1 d 1371:1371 the last 4 d 1360:1371 the last 4 d 1360:1371 During the last 4 d, feed intake was recorded and excreta were collected quantitatively. 27208152 7 98 theme cecectomized 1121:1132 arg1 hens 1146:1149 Twelve cecectomized LSL-Classic hens 1114:1149 Twelve cecectomized LSL-Classic hens 1114:1149 Twelve cecectomized LSL-Classic hens were individually housed in metabolism cages and either fed a basal diet containing 500 g/kg cornstarch or one of 20 triticale diets, each replacing the cornstarch with one triticale genotype, for 8 d. 27208152 7 99 theme triticale 1268:1276 arg1 diets 1278:1282 20 triticale diets 1265:1282 20 triticale diets 1265:1282 Twelve cecectomized LSL-Classic hens were individually housed in metabolism cages and either fed a basal diet containing 500 g/kg cornstarch or one of 20 triticale diets, each replacing the cornstarch with one triticale genotype, for 8 d. 27208152 14 100 from conclusion 2154:2163 arg1 overall 2210:2216 overall 2210:2216 overall 2210:2216 In conclusion, AA digestibility of triticale grain is high overall in laying hens but varies significantly between crop genotypes. 27208152 14 101 theme crop 2266:2269 arg1 genotypes 2271:2279 crop genotypes 2266:2279 crop genotypes 2266:2279 In conclusion, AA digestibility of triticale grain is high overall in laying hens but varies significantly between crop genotypes. 27208152 3 102 theme laying 449:454 arg1 hens 456:459 laying hens 449:459 laying hens 449:459 The present study investigated the digestibility of amino acids ( AA: ) in triticale grain in laying hens, and additionally examined relationships between AA digestibility and chemical and physical characteristics of the grain. 27208152 5 103 theme in vitro 978:985 arg1 solubility 987:996 the in vitro solubility 974:996 the in vitro solubility of nitrogen 974:1008 Additionally, the in vitro solubility of nitrogen was determined. 27208152 4 104 theme test 767:770 arg1 weight 759:764 thousand-seed weight 745:764 thousand-seed weight 745:764 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 4 104 theme test 767:770 arg1 weight 772:777 test weight 767:777 test weight 767:777 Twenty genotypes of triticale were grown under standardized agronomic and environmental conditions and were characterized according to their physical properties (thousand-seed weight, test weight, falling number, extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, inositol phosphates) and gross energy concentration. 27208152 8 105 theme feed 1374:1377 arg1 intake 1379:1384 feed intake 1374:1384 feed intake 1374:1384 During the last 4 d, feed intake was recorded and excreta were collected quantitatively. 27208152 2 106 theme impact 295:300 arg1 knowledge 246:254 our limited knowledge 234:254 our limited knowledge of its nutritional qualities and their impact on hen performance 234:319 However, our limited knowledge of its nutritional qualities and their impact on hen performance prevents optimization of its use. 27208152 1 107 theme feed 197:200 arg1 grain 202:206 a feed grain 195:206 a feed grain for laying hens 195:222 Triticale, an anthropogenic hybrid grain, is increasing in importance as a feed grain for laying hens. 27208152 7 108 contain containing 1224:1233 arg1 diet 1219:1222 a basal diet 1211:1222 a basal diet containing 500 g/kg cornstarch 1211:1253 Twelve cecectomized LSL-Classic hens were individually housed in metabolism cages and either fed a basal diet containing 500 g/kg cornstarch or one of 20 triticale diets, each replacing the cornstarch with one triticale genotype, for 8 d. 27208152 7 108 contain containing 1224:1233 arg2 cornstarch 1244:1253 500 g/kg cornstarch 1235:1253 500 g/kg cornstarch 1235:1253 Twelve cecectomized LSL-Classic hens were individually housed in metabolism cages and either fed a basal diet containing 500 g/kg cornstarch or one of 20 triticale diets, each replacing the cornstarch with one triticale genotype, for 8 d. 27208152 13 109 theme prediction 2028:2037 arg1 equations 2039:2047 these prediction equations 2022:2047 these prediction equations 2022:2047 The explanatory power (adjusted R2;) of these prediction equations was below 0.7 for most AA and thus not sufficiently precise to be suitable for practical application. 27618757 12 0 theme rye 1795:1797 arg1 grain 1799:1803 rye grain 1795:1803 rye grain 1795:1803 In conclusion, the AA digestibility of rye grain is generally low and varies significantly between crop genotypes. 27618757 6 1 theme metabolism 997:1006 arg1 cages 1008:1012 metabolism cages 997:1012 metabolism cages 997:1012 Caecectomised laying hens (LSL-Classic) were individually kept in metabolism cages. 27618757 13 2 theme chemical 1907:1914 arg1 characteristics 1916:1930 its physical and chemical characteristics 1890:1930 its physical and chemical characteristics 1890:1930 Equations based on its physical and chemical characteristics are not sufficiently precise to be useful for feed formulation. 27618757 4 3 theme rye 794:796 arg1 diets 798:802 20 rye diets 791:802 20 rye diets 791:802 Each genotype was added to a basal diet at 500 g/kg at the expense of maize starch to produce 20 rye diets. 27618757 9 4 theme AA 1466:1467 arg1 digestibility 1469:1481 AA digestibility 1466:1481 AA digestibility 1466:1481 Nevertheless, physical and chemical characteristics as well as the in vitro solubility of N correlated in only a few cases with AA digestibility. 27618757 3 5 theme research 660:667 arg1 project 669:675 a collaborative research project 644:675 a collaborative research project known as "GrainUp" 644:694 Twenty rye genotypes were grown under standardised agronomic and environmental conditions as part of a collaborative research project known as "GrainUp". 27618757 2 6 theme seed 258:261 arg1 weight 263:268 thousand seed weight 249:268 thousand seed weight 249:268 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 1 7 theme rye 158:160 arg1 grains 162:167 rye grains 158:167 rye grains in laying hens 158:182 This study investigated the variability of amino acid (AA) digestibility of rye grains in laying hens. 27618757 4 8 theme starch 773:778 arg1 expense 756:762 the expense 752:762 the expense of maize starch 752:778 Each genotype was added to a basal diet at 500 g/kg at the expense of maize starch to produce 20 rye diets. 27618757 9 9 dep in 1405:1406 arg1 vitro 1408:1412 vitro 1408:1412 vitro 1408:1412 Nevertheless, physical and chemical characteristics as well as the in vitro solubility of N correlated in only a few cases with AA digestibility. 27618757 2 10 theme falling 284:290 arg1 number 292:297 falling number 284:297 falling number 284:297 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 2 11 theme nitrogen 496:503 arg1 digestibility 210:222 AA digestibility 207:222 AA digestibility 207:222 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 2 11 theme nitrogen 496:503 arg1 concentration 454:466 gross energy concentration 441:466 gross energy concentration 441:466 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 2 11 theme nitrogen 496:503 arg1 solubility 482:491 in vitro solubility 473:491 in vitro solubility 473:491 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 2 11 theme nitrogen 496:503 arg1 properties 237:246 physical properties 228:246 physical properties 228:246 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 2 11 theme nitrogen 496:503 arg1 composition 339:349 chemical composition 330:349 chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates) 330:438 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 2 12 theme grains 516:521 arg1 N 506:506 N 506:506 N 506:506 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 2 12 theme grains 516:521 arg1 nitrogen 496:503 nitrogen 496:503 nitrogen (N) of the grains 496:521 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 11 13 theme explanatory 1625:1635 arg1 power 1637:1641 their explanatory power 1619:1641 their explanatory power 1619:1641 However, their explanatory power, as judged by the adjusted R(2), was not sufficiently precise for practical application (below 0.6 for most AA). 27618757 1 14 from grains 162:167 arg1 hens 179:182 laying hens 172:182 laying hens 172:182 This study investigated the variability of amino acid (AA) digestibility of rye grains in laying hens. 27618757 5 15 theme Latin 844:848 arg1 6 × 6 859:863 6 × 6 859:863 6 × 6 859:863 The experimental design comprised four Latin Squares (6 × 6) distributed over two runs, resulting in 12 experimental periods. 27618757 5 15 theme Latin 844:848 arg1 Squares 850:856 four Latin Squares 839:856 four Latin Squares (6 × 6) distributed over two runs 839:890 The experimental design comprised four Latin Squares (6 × 6) distributed over two runs, resulting in 12 experimental periods. 27618757 10 16 theme Multiple 1484:1491 arg1 regression 1500:1509 Multiple linear regression 1484:1509 Multiple linear regression 1484:1509 Multiple linear regression was used to calculate equations to predict AA digestibility based on the analysed characteristics. 27618757 0 17 theme caecectomised 55:67 arg1 hens 76:79 caecectomised laying hens 55:79 caecectomised laying hens 55:79 Amino acid digestibility of different rye genotypes in caecectomised laying hens. 27618757 3 18 theme rye 550:552 arg1 part 636:639 part 636:639 part of a collaborative research project known as "GrainUp" 636:694 Twenty rye genotypes were grown under standardised agronomic and environmental conditions as part of a collaborative research project known as "GrainUp". 27618757 3 18 theme rye 550:552 arg1 genotypes 554:562 Twenty rye genotypes 543:562 Twenty rye genotypes 543:562 Twenty rye genotypes were grown under standardised agronomic and environmental conditions as part of a collaborative research project known as "GrainUp". 27618757 2 19 theme energy 447:452 arg1 concentration 454:466 gross energy concentration 441:466 gross energy concentration 441:466 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 0 20 from digestibility 11:23 arg1 hens 76:79 caecectomised laying hens 55:79 caecectomised laying hens 55:79 Amino acid digestibility of different rye genotypes in caecectomised laying hens. 27618757 1 21 theme digestibility 141:153 arg1 variability 110:120 the variability 106:120 the variability of amino acid (AA) digestibility of rye grains in laying hens 106:182 This study investigated the variability of amino acid (AA) digestibility of rye grains in laying hens. 27618757 6 22 dep hens 952:955 arg1 LSL-Classic 958:968 LSL-Classic 958:968 LSL-Classic 958:968 Caecectomised laying hens (LSL-Classic) were individually kept in metabolism cages. 27618757 12 23 from low 1818:1820 arg1 conclusion 1759:1768 conclusion 1759:1768 conclusion 1759:1768 In conclusion, the AA digestibility of rye grain is generally low and varies significantly between crop genotypes. 27618757 1 24 theme acid 131:134 arg1 digestibility 141:153 amino acid (AA) digestibility 125:153 amino acid (AA) digestibility of rye grains in laying hens 125:182 This study investigated the variability of amino acid (AA) digestibility of rye grains in laying hens. 27618757 2 25 theme in 473:474 arg1 solubility 482:491 in vitro solubility 473:491 in vitro solubility 473:491 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 2 26 dep composition 339:349 arg1 nutrients 362:370 proximate nutrients 352:370 proximate nutrients 352:370 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 2 26 dep composition 339:349 arg1 phosphates 428:437 inositol phosphates 419:437 inositol phosphates 419:437 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 2 26 dep composition 339:349 arg1 minerals 405:412 minerals 405:412 minerals 405:412 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 2 26 dep composition 339:349 arg1 polysaccharides 384:398 non-starch polysaccharides 373:398 non-starch polysaccharides 373:398 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 2 26 dep composition 339:349 arg1 AA 401:402 AA 401:402 AA 401:402 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 7 27 theme genotypes 1094:1102 arg1 digestibility 1069:1081 AA digestibility 1066:1081 AA digestibility of the rye genotypes 1066:1102 Excreta were collected quantitatively for 4 d, and AA digestibility of the rye genotypes was determined using a regression approach. 27618757 0 28 theme laying 69:74 arg1 hens 76:79 caecectomised laying hens 55:79 caecectomised laying hens 55:79 Amino acid digestibility of different rye genotypes in caecectomised laying hens. 27618757 8 29 theme digestibility 1263:1275 arg1 % 1288:1288 digestibility range 35-59% 1263:1288 digestibility range 35-59% 1263:1288 The digestibility of AA was generally low but varied significantly among the 20 rye genotypes, especially for Lys (digestibility range 35-59%), Met (57-75%), Thr (34-54%), and Trp (36-71%). 27618757 8 29 theme digestibility 1263:1275 arg1 Lys 1258:1260 Lys 1258:1260 Lys (digestibility range 35-59%) 1258:1289 The digestibility of AA was generally low but varied significantly among the 20 rye genotypes, especially for Lys (digestibility range 35-59%), Met (57-75%), Thr (34-54%), and Trp (36-71%). 27618757 2 30 theme proximate 352:360 arg1 nutrients 362:370 proximate nutrients 352:370 proximate nutrients 352:370 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 0 31 theme Amino 0:4 arg1 digestibility 11:23 Amino acid digestibility 0:23 Amino acid digestibility of different rye genotypes in caecectomised laying hens. 0:80 Amino acid digestibility of different rye genotypes in caecectomised laying hens. 27618757 8 32 theme 35-59 1283:1287 arg1 % 1288:1288 digestibility range 35-59% 1263:1288 digestibility range 35-59% 1263:1288 The digestibility of AA was generally low but varied significantly among the 20 rye genotypes, especially for Lys (digestibility range 35-59%), Met (57-75%), Thr (34-54%), and Trp (36-71%). 27618757 8 32 theme 35-59 1283:1287 arg1 Lys 1258:1260 Lys 1258:1260 Lys (digestibility range 35-59%) 1258:1289 The digestibility of AA was generally low but varied significantly among the 20 rye genotypes, especially for Lys (digestibility range 35-59%), Met (57-75%), Thr (34-54%), and Trp (36-71%). 27618757 5 33 theme experimental 909:920 arg1 periods 922:928 12 experimental periods 906:928 12 experimental periods 906:928 The experimental design comprised four Latin Squares (6 × 6) distributed over two runs, resulting in 12 experimental periods. 27618757 11 34 theme practical 1709:1717 arg1 application 1719:1729 practical application 1709:1729 practical application (below 0.6 for most AA) 1709:1753 However, their explanatory power, as judged by the adjusted R(2), was not sufficiently precise for practical application (below 0.6 for most AA). 27618757 3 35 theme agronomic 594:602 arg1 conditions 622:631 standardised agronomic and environmental conditions 581:631 standardised agronomic and environmental conditions 581:631 Twenty rye genotypes were grown under standardised agronomic and environmental conditions as part of a collaborative research project known as "GrainUp". 27618757 0 36 theme different 28:36 arg1 genotypes 42:50 different rye genotypes 28:50 different rye genotypes 28:50 Amino acid digestibility of different rye genotypes in caecectomised laying hens. 27618757 6 37 theme laying 945:950 arg1 hens 952:955 Caecectomised laying hens 931:955 Caecectomised laying hens (LSL-Classic) 931:969 Caecectomised laying hens (LSL-Classic) were individually kept in metabolism cages. 27618757 0 38 theme genotypes 42:50 arg1 digestibility 11:23 Amino acid digestibility 0:23 Amino acid digestibility of different rye genotypes in caecectomised laying hens. 0:80 Amino acid digestibility of different rye genotypes in caecectomised laying hens. 27618757 2 39 theme physical 228:235 arg1 properties 237:246 physical properties 228:246 physical properties 228:246 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 3 40 theme environmental 608:620 arg1 conditions 622:631 standardised agronomic and environmental conditions 581:631 standardised agronomic and environmental conditions 581:631 Twenty rye genotypes were grown under standardised agronomic and environmental conditions as part of a collaborative research project known as "GrainUp". 27618757 9 41 with cases 1455:1459 arg1 digestibility 1469:1481 AA digestibility 1466:1481 AA digestibility 1466:1481 Nevertheless, physical and chemical characteristics as well as the in vitro solubility of N correlated in only a few cases with AA digestibility. 27618757 12 42 theme AA 1775:1776 arg1 digestibility 1778:1790 the AA digestibility 1771:1790 the AA digestibility of rye grain 1771:1803 In conclusion, the AA digestibility of rye grain is generally low and varies significantly between crop genotypes. 27618757 12 42 theme AA 1775:1776 arg1 low 1818:1820 low 1818:1820 low 1818:1820 In conclusion, the AA digestibility of rye grain is generally low and varies significantly between crop genotypes. 27618757 10 43 used used 1515:1518 arg2 regression 1500:1509 Multiple linear regression 1484:1509 Multiple linear regression 1484:1509 Multiple linear regression was used to calculate equations to predict AA digestibility based on the analysed characteristics. 27618757 3 44 theme collaborative 646:658 arg1 project 669:675 a collaborative research project 644:675 a collaborative research project known as "GrainUp" 644:694 Twenty rye genotypes were grown under standardised agronomic and environmental conditions as part of a collaborative research project known as "GrainUp". 27618757 2 45 theme test 271:274 arg1 weight 276:281 test weight 271:281 test weight 271:281 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 4 46 theme 20 791:792 arg1 rye 794:796 rye 794:796 rye 794:796 Each genotype was added to a basal diet at 500 g/kg at the expense of maize starch to produce 20 rye diets. 27618757 10 47 theme AA 1554:1555 arg1 digestibility 1557:1569 AA digestibility 1554:1569 AA digestibility 1554:1569 Multiple linear regression was used to calculate equations to predict AA digestibility based on the analysed characteristics. 27618757 12 48 from conclusion 1759:1768 arg1 digestibility 1778:1790 the AA digestibility 1771:1790 the AA digestibility of rye grain 1771:1803 In conclusion, the AA digestibility of rye grain is generally low and varies significantly between crop genotypes. 27618757 12 48 from conclusion 1759:1768 arg1 low 1818:1820 low 1818:1820 low 1818:1820 In conclusion, the AA digestibility of rye grain is generally low and varies significantly between crop genotypes. 27618757 3 49 theme project 669:675 arg1 part 636:639 part 636:639 part of a collaborative research project known as "GrainUp" 636:694 Twenty rye genotypes were grown under standardised agronomic and environmental conditions as part of a collaborative research project known as "GrainUp". 27618757 3 49 theme project 669:675 arg1 genotypes 554:562 Twenty rye genotypes 543:562 Twenty rye genotypes 543:562 Twenty rye genotypes were grown under standardised agronomic and environmental conditions as part of a collaborative research project known as "GrainUp". 27618757 1 50 theme grains 162:167 arg1 digestibility 141:153 amino acid (AA) digestibility 125:153 amino acid (AA) digestibility of rye grains in laying hens 125:182 This study investigated the variability of amino acid (AA) digestibility of rye grains in laying hens. 27618757 4 51 theme maize 767:771 arg1 starch 773:778 maize starch 767:778 maize starch 767:778 Each genotype was added to a basal diet at 500 g/kg at the expense of maize starch to produce 20 rye diets. 27618757 1 52 theme laying 172:177 arg1 hens 179:182 laying hens 172:182 laying hens 172:182 This study investigated the variability of amino acid (AA) digestibility of rye grains in laying hens. 27618757 10 53 theme analysed 1584:1591 arg1 characteristics 1593:1607 the analysed characteristics 1580:1607 the analysed characteristics 1580:1607 Multiple linear regression was used to calculate equations to predict AA digestibility based on the analysed characteristics. 27618757 5 54 theme experimental 809:820 arg1 design 822:827 The experimental design 805:827 The experimental design 805:827 The experimental design comprised four Latin Squares (6 × 6) distributed over two runs, resulting in 12 experimental periods. 27618757 12 55 theme crop 1855:1858 arg1 genotypes 1860:1868 crop genotypes 1855:1868 crop genotypes 1855:1868 In conclusion, the AA digestibility of rye grain is generally low and varies significantly between crop genotypes. 27618757 3 56 theme GrainUp 687:693 arg1 " 694:694 "GrainUp" 686:694 "GrainUp" 686:694 Twenty rye genotypes were grown under standardised agronomic and environmental conditions as part of a collaborative research project known as "GrainUp". 27618757 2 57 dep digestibility 210:222 arg1 viscoelasticity 312:326 extract viscoelasticity 304:326 extract viscoelasticity 304:326 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 2 57 dep digestibility 210:222 arg1 weight 263:268 thousand seed weight 249:268 thousand seed weight 249:268 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 2 57 dep digestibility 210:222 arg1 weight 276:281 test weight 271:281 test weight 271:281 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 2 57 dep digestibility 210:222 arg1 number 292:297 falling number 284:297 falling number 284:297 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 13 58 theme physical 1894:1901 arg1 characteristics 1916:1930 its physical and chemical characteristics 1890:1930 its physical and chemical characteristics 1890:1930 Equations based on its physical and chemical characteristics are not sufficiently precise to be useful for feed formulation. 27618757 2 59 theme AA 207:208 arg1 digestibility 210:222 AA digestibility 207:222 AA digestibility 207:222 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 2 60 theme thousand 249:256 arg1 weight 263:268 thousand seed weight 249:268 thousand seed weight 249:268 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 1 61 from hens 179:182 arg1 digestibility 141:153 amino acid (AA) digestibility 125:153 amino acid (AA) digestibility of rye grains in laying hens 125:182 This study investigated the variability of amino acid (AA) digestibility of rye grains in laying hens. 27618757 1 62 theme amino 125:129 arg1 AA 137:138 AA 137:138 AA 137:138 This study investigated the variability of amino acid (AA) digestibility of rye grains in laying hens. 27618757 1 62 theme amino 125:129 arg1 acid 131:134 amino acid 125:134 amino acid (AA) digestibility of rye grains in laying hens 125:182 This study investigated the variability of amino acid (AA) digestibility of rye grains in laying hens. 27618757 6 63 theme Caecectomised 931:943 arg1 hens 952:955 Caecectomised laying hens 931:955 Caecectomised laying hens (LSL-Classic) 931:969 Caecectomised laying hens (LSL-Classic) were individually kept in metabolism cages. 27618757 7 64 theme regression 1127:1136 arg1 approach 1138:1145 a regression approach 1125:1145 a regression approach 1125:1145 Excreta were collected quantitatively for 4 d, and AA digestibility of the rye genotypes was determined using a regression approach. 27618757 11 65 theme most 1746:1749 arg1 AA 1751:1752 most AA 1746:1752 most AA 1746:1752 However, their explanatory power, as judged by the adjusted R(2), was not sufficiently precise for practical application (below 0.6 for most AA). 27618757 12 66 theme grain 1799:1803 arg1 digestibility 1778:1790 the AA digestibility 1771:1790 the AA digestibility of rye grain 1771:1803 In conclusion, the AA digestibility of rye grain is generally low and varies significantly between crop genotypes. 27618757 12 66 theme grain 1799:1803 arg1 low 1818:1820 low 1818:1820 low 1818:1820 In conclusion, the AA digestibility of rye grain is generally low and varies significantly between crop genotypes. 27618757 2 67 theme gross 441:445 arg1 concentration 454:466 gross energy concentration 441:466 gross energy concentration 441:466 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 8 68 theme rye 1228:1230 arg1 genotypes 1232:1240 the 20 rye genotypes 1221:1240 the 20 rye genotypes 1221:1240 The digestibility of AA was generally low but varied significantly among the 20 rye genotypes, especially for Lys (digestibility range 35-59%), Met (57-75%), Thr (34-54%), and Trp (36-71%). 27618757 1 69 from digestibility 141:153 arg1 hens 179:182 laying hens 172:182 laying hens 172:182 This study investigated the variability of amino acid (AA) digestibility of rye grains in laying hens. 27618757 9 70 theme physical 1352:1359 arg1 characteristics 1374:1388 physical and chemical characteristics 1352:1388 physical and chemical characteristics as well as the in vitro solubility of N 1352:1428 Nevertheless, physical and chemical characteristics as well as the in vitro solubility of N correlated in only a few cases with AA digestibility. 27618757 7 71 theme rye 1090:1092 arg1 genotypes 1094:1102 the rye genotypes 1086:1102 the rye genotypes 1086:1102 Excreta were collected quantitatively for 4 d, and AA digestibility of the rye genotypes was determined using a regression approach. 27618757 11 72 dep power 1637:1641 arg1 judged 1647:1652 judged 1647:1652 judged by the adjusted R(2) 1647:1673 However, their explanatory power, as judged by the adjusted R(2), was not sufficiently precise for practical application (below 0.6 for most AA). 27618757 8 73 theme AA 1169:1170 arg1 digestibility 1152:1164 The digestibility 1148:1164 The digestibility of AA 1148:1170 The digestibility of AA was generally low but varied significantly among the 20 rye genotypes, especially for Lys (digestibility range 35-59%), Met (57-75%), Thr (34-54%), and Trp (36-71%). 27618757 8 73 theme AA 1169:1170 arg1 low 1186:1188 low 1186:1188 low 1186:1188 The digestibility of AA was generally low but varied significantly among the 20 rye genotypes, especially for Lys (digestibility range 35-59%), Met (57-75%), Thr (34-54%), and Trp (36-71%). 27618757 9 74 theme chemical 1365:1372 arg1 characteristics 1374:1388 physical and chemical characteristics 1352:1388 physical and chemical characteristics as well as the in vitro solubility of N 1352:1428 Nevertheless, physical and chemical characteristics as well as the in vitro solubility of N correlated in only a few cases with AA digestibility. 27618757 0 75 theme acid 6:9 arg1 digestibility 11:23 Amino acid digestibility 0:23 Amino acid digestibility of different rye genotypes in caecectomised laying hens. 0:80 Amino acid digestibility of different rye genotypes in caecectomised laying hens. 27618757 7 76 theme AA 1066:1067 arg1 digestibility 1069:1081 AA digestibility 1066:1081 AA digestibility of the rye genotypes 1066:1102 Excreta were collected quantitatively for 4 d, and AA digestibility of the rye genotypes was determined using a regression approach. 27618757 2 77 dep in 473:474 arg1 vitro 476:480 vitro 476:480 vitro 476:480 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 13 78 theme feed 1978:1981 arg1 formulation 1983:1993 feed formulation 1978:1993 feed formulation 1978:1993 Equations based on its physical and chemical characteristics are not sufficiently precise to be useful for feed formulation. 27618757 3 79 theme standardised 581:592 arg1 conditions 622:631 standardised agronomic and environmental conditions 581:631 standardised agronomic and environmental conditions 581:631 Twenty rye genotypes were grown under standardised agronomic and environmental conditions as part of a collaborative research project known as "GrainUp". 27618757 8 80 theme range 1277:1281 arg1 % 1288:1288 digestibility range 35-59% 1263:1288 digestibility range 35-59% 1263:1288 The digestibility of AA was generally low but varied significantly among the 20 rye genotypes, especially for Lys (digestibility range 35-59%), Met (57-75%), Thr (34-54%), and Trp (36-71%). 27618757 8 80 theme range 1277:1281 arg1 Lys 1258:1260 Lys 1258:1260 Lys (digestibility range 35-59%) 1258:1289 The digestibility of AA was generally low but varied significantly among the 20 rye genotypes, especially for Lys (digestibility range 35-59%), Met (57-75%), Thr (34-54%), and Trp (36-71%). 27618757 0 81 theme rye 38:40 arg1 genotypes 42:50 different rye genotypes 28:50 different rye genotypes 28:50 Amino acid digestibility of different rye genotypes in caecectomised laying hens. 27618757 9 82 theme in 1405:1406 arg1 solubility 1414:1423 the in vitro solubility 1401:1423 physical and chemical characteristics as well as the in vitro solubility of N 1352:1428 Nevertheless, physical and chemical characteristics as well as the in vitro solubility of N correlated in only a few cases with AA digestibility. 27618757 2 83 theme non-starch 373:382 arg1 polysaccharides 384:398 non-starch polysaccharides 373:398 non-starch polysaccharides 373:398 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 2 84 theme inositol 419:426 arg1 phosphates 428:437 inositol phosphates 419:437 inositol phosphates 419:437 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 2 85 theme extract 304:310 arg1 viscoelasticity 312:326 extract viscoelasticity 304:326 extract viscoelasticity 304:326 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 27618757 11 86 theme adjusted 1661:1668 arg1 2 1672:1672 2 1672:1672 2 1672:1672 However, their explanatory power, as judged by the adjusted R(2), was not sufficiently precise for practical application (below 0.6 for most AA). 27618757 11 86 theme adjusted 1661:1668 arg1 R 1670:1670 the adjusted R 1657:1670 the adjusted R(2) 1657:1673 However, their explanatory power, as judged by the adjusted R(2), was not sufficiently precise for practical application (below 0.6 for most AA). 27618757 9 87 theme N 1428:1428 arg1 solubility 1414:1423 the in vitro solubility 1401:1423 physical and chemical characteristics as well as the in vitro solubility of N 1352:1428 Nevertheless, physical and chemical characteristics as well as the in vitro solubility of N correlated in only a few cases with AA digestibility. 27618757 9 87 theme N 1428:1428 arg1 characteristics 1374:1388 physical and chemical characteristics 1352:1388 physical and chemical characteristics as well as the in vitro solubility of N 1352:1428 Nevertheless, physical and chemical characteristics as well as the in vitro solubility of N correlated in only a few cases with AA digestibility. 27618757 10 88 theme linear 1493:1498 arg1 regression 1500:1509 Multiple linear regression 1484:1509 Multiple linear regression 1484:1509 Multiple linear regression was used to calculate equations to predict AA digestibility based on the analysed characteristics. 27618757 4 89 theme basal 726:730 arg1 diet 732:735 a basal diet 724:735 a basal diet 724:735 Each genotype was added to a basal diet at 500 g/kg at the expense of maize starch to produce 20 rye diets. 27618757 2 90 theme chemical 330:337 arg1 composition 339:349 chemical composition 330:349 chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates) 330:438 Relationships between AA digestibility and physical properties (thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number, and extract viscoelasticity), chemical composition (proximate nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, AA, minerals, and inositol phosphates), gross energy concentration, and in vitro solubility of nitrogen (N) of the grains were also examined. 24290631 2 0 theme Luria-Bertani 420:432 arg1 broth 439:443 Luria-Bertani (LB) broth 420:443 Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with manure extracts 420:477 E. coli O157:H7 grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with manure extracts showed an approximately 58% increase in CPS production compared to cells grown in LB medium alone. 24290631 2 1 dep increase 507:514 arg1 % 505:505 % 505:505 % 505:505 E. coli O157:H7 grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with manure extracts showed an approximately 58% increase in CPS production compared to cells grown in LB medium alone. 24290631 1 2 dep Escherichia 267:277 arg1 coli 279:282 coli 279:282 coli 279:282 This study evaluated whether growth medium or exposure conditions influence the production of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) by Escherichia coli O157:H7, and whether changes in CPS impact plant defense responses, consequently affecting survival on plants. 24290631 5 3 theme LB 987:988 arg1 extracts 1008:1015 LB containing manure extracts 987:1015 LB containing manure extracts 987:1015 Plants inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB containing manure extracts or cells exposed to manure extracts exhibited 3-fold and 2-fold lower GUS activity, respectively, suggesting a limited plant defense response compared to plants inoculated with cells grown in LB. 24290631 7 4 theme O157 1419:1422 arg1 cells 1427:1431 E. coli O157:H7 cells 1411:1431 E. coli O157:H7 cells exposed to soil or manure 1411:1457 E. coli O157:H7 cells exposed to soil or manure exhibited greater survival on plants compared to LB-grown E. coli O157:H7. 24290631 2 5 dep % 505:505 arg1 58 503:504 58 503:504 58 503:504 E. coli O157:H7 grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with manure extracts showed an approximately 58% increase in CPS production compared to cells grown in LB medium alone. 24290631 0 6 theme response 129:136 arg1 plants 90:95 plants 90:95 plants 90:95 Exposure of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to soil, manure, or water influences its survival on plants and initiation of plant defense response. 24290631 0 6 theme response 129:136 arg1 initiation 101:110 initiation 101:110 initiation of plant defense response 101:136 Exposure of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to soil, manure, or water influences its survival on plants and initiation of plant defense response. 24290631 8 7 theme crop 1651:1654 arg1 studies 1666:1672 crop challenge studies 1651:1672 crop challenge studies 1651:1672 The results of this study underscore the need to consider medium composition and cultural conditions when conducting crop challenge studies. 24290631 5 8 dep O157 970:973 arg1 H7 975:976 H7 975:976 E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB containing manure extracts or cells exposed to manure extracts 962:1051 Plants inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB containing manure extracts or cells exposed to manure extracts exhibited 3-fold and 2-fold lower GUS activity, respectively, suggesting a limited plant defense response compared to plants inoculated with cells grown in LB. 24290631 2 9 theme CPS 519:521 arg1 production 523:532 CPS production 519:532 CPS production 519:532 E. coli O157:H7 grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with manure extracts showed an approximately 58% increase in CPS production compared to cells grown in LB medium alone. 24290631 6 10 dep O157 1377:1380 arg1 H7 1382:1383 H7 1382:1383 E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB medium alone 1369:1408 On day 5 post inoculation the population of E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB supplemented with manure on plants was significantly greater than the population of E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB medium alone. 24290631 2 11 from increase 507:514 arg1 production 523:532 CPS production 519:532 CPS production 519:532 E. coli O157:H7 grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with manure extracts showed an approximately 58% increase in CPS production compared to cells grown in LB medium alone. 24290631 4 12 theme promoter 840:847 arg1 control 802:808 the control 798:808 the control of the β-1,3-glucanase (BGL2) promoter 798:847 Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing β-glucuronidase (GUS) under the control of the β-1,3-glucanase (BGL2) promoter were used to investigate whether E. coli O157:H7 induces defense-related gene expression. 24290631 3 13 theme H7 635:636 arg1 cells 638:642 H7 cells 635:642 H7 cells 635:642 Levels of CPS were significantly higher for E. coli O157:H7 cells exposed to soil or manure extracts as compared to the non-exposed LB cultured control. 24290631 5 14 theme plant 1136:1140 arg1 response 1150:1157 a limited plant defense response 1126:1157 a limited plant defense response compared to plants inoculated with cells grown in LB 1126:1210 Plants inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB containing manure extracts or cells exposed to manure extracts exhibited 3-fold and 2-fold lower GUS activity, respectively, suggesting a limited plant defense response compared to plants inoculated with cells grown in LB. 24290631 1 15 theme capsular 233:240 arg1 CPS 259:261 CPS 259:261 CPS 259:261 This study evaluated whether growth medium or exposure conditions influence the production of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) by Escherichia coli O157:H7, and whether changes in CPS impact plant defense responses, consequently affecting survival on plants. 24290631 1 15 theme capsular 233:240 arg1 polysaccharides 242:256 capsular polysaccharides 233:256 capsular polysaccharides (CPS) 233:262 This study evaluated whether growth medium or exposure conditions influence the production of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) by Escherichia coli O157:H7, and whether changes in CPS impact plant defense responses, consequently affecting survival on plants. 24290631 1 16 dep O157 284:287 arg1 H7 289:290 H7 289:290 Escherichia coli O157:H7 267:290 This study evaluated whether growth medium or exposure conditions influence the production of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) by Escherichia coli O157:H7, and whether changes in CPS impact plant defense responses, consequently affecting survival on plants. 24290631 6 17 dep O157 1265:1268 arg1 H7 1270:1271 H7 1270:1271 E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB supplemented with manure on plants 1257:1318 On day 5 post inoculation the population of E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB supplemented with manure on plants was significantly greater than the population of E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB medium alone. 24290631 2 18 theme LB 561:562 arg1 medium 564:569 LB medium 561:569 LB medium alone 561:575 E. coli O157:H7 grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with manure extracts showed an approximately 58% increase in CPS production compared to cells grown in LB medium alone. 24290631 7 19 theme greater 1469:1475 arg1 survival 1477:1484 greater survival 1469:1484 greater survival 1469:1484 E. coli O157:H7 cells exposed to soil or manure exhibited greater survival on plants compared to LB-grown E. coli O157:H7. 24290631 6 20 theme O157 1265:1268 arg1 population 1243:1252 the population 1239:1252 the population of E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB supplemented with manure on plants 1239:1318 On day 5 post inoculation the population of E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB supplemented with manure on plants was significantly greater than the population of E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB medium alone. 24290631 6 20 theme O157 1265:1268 arg1 greater 1338:1344 greater 1338:1344 greater 1338:1344 On day 5 post inoculation the population of E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB supplemented with manure on plants was significantly greater than the population of E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB medium alone. 24290631 2 21 dep showed 479:484 arg1 compared 534:541 compared 534:541 showed an approximately 58% increase in CPS production compared to cells grown in LB medium alone 479:575 E. coli O157:H7 grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with manure extracts showed an approximately 58% increase in CPS production compared to cells grown in LB medium alone. 24290631 5 22 theme manure 1001:1006 arg1 extracts 1008:1015 LB containing manure extracts 987:1015 LB containing manure extracts 987:1015 Plants inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB containing manure extracts or cells exposed to manure extracts exhibited 3-fold and 2-fold lower GUS activity, respectively, suggesting a limited plant defense response compared to plants inoculated with cells grown in LB. 24290631 4 23 theme thaliana 743:750 arg1 plants 752:757 Arabidopsis thaliana plants 731:757 Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing β-glucuronidase (GUS) under the control of the β-1,3-glucanase (BGL2) promoter 731:847 Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing β-glucuronidase (GUS) under the control of the β-1,3-glucanase (BGL2) promoter were used to investigate whether E. coli O157:H7 induces defense-related gene expression. 24290631 3 24 theme LB 710:711 arg1 control 722:728 the non-exposed LB cultured control 694:728 the non-exposed LB cultured control 694:728 Levels of CPS were significantly higher for E. coli O157:H7 cells exposed to soil or manure extracts as compared to the non-exposed LB cultured control. 24290631 6 25 theme LB 1394:1395 arg1 medium 1397:1402 LB medium 1394:1402 LB medium alone 1394:1408 On day 5 post inoculation the population of E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB supplemented with manure on plants was significantly greater than the population of E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB medium alone. 24290631 2 26 theme E. coli 395:401 arg1 O157 403:406 E. coli O157 395:406 E. coli O157:H7 grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with manure extracts 395:477 E. coli O157:H7 grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with manure extracts showed an approximately 58% increase in CPS production compared to cells grown in LB medium alone. 24290631 1 27 theme CPS 316:318 arg1 responses 341:349 CPS impact plant defense responses 316:349 CPS impact plant defense responses 316:349 This study evaluated whether growth medium or exposure conditions influence the production of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) by Escherichia coli O157:H7, and whether changes in CPS impact plant defense responses, consequently affecting survival on plants. 24290631 7 28 dep exhibited 1459:1467 arg1 compared 1496:1503 compared 1496:1503 compared to LB-grown E. coli O157:H7 1496:1531 E. coli O157:H7 cells exposed to soil or manure exhibited greater survival on plants compared to LB-grown E. coli O157:H7. 24290631 5 29 theme containing 990:999 arg1 extracts 1008:1015 LB containing manure extracts 987:1015 LB containing manure extracts 987:1015 Plants inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB containing manure extracts or cells exposed to manure extracts exhibited 3-fold and 2-fold lower GUS activity, respectively, suggesting a limited plant defense response compared to plants inoculated with cells grown in LB. 24290631 4 30 theme gene 922:925 arg1 expression 927:936 defense-related gene expression 906:936 defense-related gene expression 906:936 Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing β-glucuronidase (GUS) under the control of the β-1,3-glucanase (BGL2) promoter were used to investigate whether E. coli O157:H7 induces defense-related gene expression. 24290631 1 31 theme polysaccharides 242:256 arg1 production 219:228 the production 215:228 the production of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) by Escherichia coli O157:H7, and whether changes in CPS impact plant defense responses 215:349 This study evaluated whether growth medium or exposure conditions influence the production of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) by Escherichia coli O157:H7, and whether changes in CPS impact plant defense responses, consequently affecting survival on plants. 24290631 4 32 used used 854:857 arg2 plants 752:757 Arabidopsis thaliana plants 731:757 Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing β-glucuronidase (GUS) under the control of the β-1,3-glucanase (BGL2) promoter 731:847 Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing β-glucuronidase (GUS) under the control of the β-1,3-glucanase (BGL2) promoter were used to investigate whether E. coli O157:H7 induces defense-related gene expression. 24290631 7 33 theme LB-grown 1508:1515 arg1 O157 1525:1528 LB-grown E. coli O157 1508:1528 LB-grown E. coli O157:H7 1508:1531 E. coli O157:H7 cells exposed to soil or manure exhibited greater survival on plants compared to LB-grown E. coli O157:H7. 24290631 2 34 dep O157 403:406 arg1 H7 408:409 H7 408:409 E. coli O157:H7 grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with manure extracts 395:477 E. coli O157:H7 grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with manure extracts showed an approximately 58% increase in CPS production compared to cells grown in LB medium alone. 24290631 8 35 theme challenge 1656:1664 arg1 studies 1666:1672 crop challenge studies 1651:1672 crop challenge studies 1651:1672 The results of this study underscore the need to consider medium composition and cultural conditions when conducting crop challenge studies. 24290631 6 36 theme E. coli 1257:1263 arg1 O157 1265:1268 E. coli O157 1257:1268 E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB supplemented with manure on plants 1257:1318 On day 5 post inoculation the population of E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB supplemented with manure on plants was significantly greater than the population of E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB medium alone. 24290631 7 37 theme E. coli 1517:1523 arg1 O157 1525:1528 LB-grown E. coli O157 1508:1528 LB-grown E. coli O157:H7 1508:1531 E. coli O157:H7 cells exposed to soil or manure exhibited greater survival on plants compared to LB-grown E. coli O157:H7. 24290631 1 38 from changes 305:311 arg1 responses 341:349 CPS impact plant defense responses 316:349 CPS impact plant defense responses 316:349 This study evaluated whether growth medium or exposure conditions influence the production of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) by Escherichia coli O157:H7, and whether changes in CPS impact plant defense responses, consequently affecting survival on plants. 24290631 5 39 theme lower 1081:1085 arg1 activity 1091:1098 3-fold and 2-fold lower GUS activity 1063:1098 3-fold and 2-fold lower GUS activity 1063:1098 Plants inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB containing manure extracts or cells exposed to manure extracts exhibited 3-fold and 2-fold lower GUS activity, respectively, suggesting a limited plant defense response compared to plants inoculated with cells grown in LB. 24290631 4 40 theme β-1,3-glucanase 817:831 arg1 promoter 840:847 the β-1,3-glucanase (BGL2) promoter 813:847 the β-1,3-glucanase (BGL2) promoter 813:847 Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing β-glucuronidase (GUS) under the control of the β-1,3-glucanase (BGL2) promoter were used to investigate whether E. coli O157:H7 induces defense-related gene expression. 24290631 1 41 theme impact 320:325 arg1 responses 341:349 CPS impact plant defense responses 316:349 CPS impact plant defense responses 316:349 This study evaluated whether growth medium or exposure conditions influence the production of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) by Escherichia coli O157:H7, and whether changes in CPS impact plant defense responses, consequently affecting survival on plants. 24290631 7 42 dep O157 1419:1422 arg1 H7 1424:1425 H7 1424:1425 E. coli O157:H7 cells exposed to soil or manure 1411:1457 E. coli O157:H7 cells exposed to soil or manure exhibited greater survival on plants compared to LB-grown E. coli O157:H7. 24290631 5 43 theme GUS 1087:1089 arg1 activity 1091:1098 3-fold and 2-fold lower GUS activity 1063:1098 3-fold and 2-fold lower GUS activity 1063:1098 Plants inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB containing manure extracts or cells exposed to manure extracts exhibited 3-fold and 2-fold lower GUS activity, respectively, suggesting a limited plant defense response compared to plants inoculated with cells grown in LB. 24290631 1 44 theme plant 327:331 arg1 responses 341:349 CPS impact plant defense responses 316:349 CPS impact plant defense responses 316:349 This study evaluated whether growth medium or exposure conditions influence the production of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) by Escherichia coli O157:H7, and whether changes in CPS impact plant defense responses, consequently affecting survival on plants. 24290631 6 45 theme O157 1377:1380 arg1 population 1355:1364 the population 1351:1364 the population of E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB medium alone 1351:1408 On day 5 post inoculation the population of E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB supplemented with manure on plants was significantly greater than the population of E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB medium alone. 24290631 1 46 theme growth 168:173 arg1 medium 175:180 growth medium or exposure conditions 168:203 medium 175:180 This study evaluated whether growth medium or exposure conditions influence the production of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) by Escherichia coli O157:H7, and whether changes in CPS impact plant defense responses, consequently affecting survival on plants. 24290631 0 47 theme O157 29:32 arg1 Exposure 0:7 Exposure 0:7 Exposure of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to soil, manure, or water 0:61 Exposure of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to soil, manure, or water influences its survival on plants and initiation of plant defense response. 24290631 4 48 theme E. coli 882:888 arg1 O157 890:893 E. coli O157 882:893 E. coli O157:H7 882:896 Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing β-glucuronidase (GUS) under the control of the β-1,3-glucanase (BGL2) promoter were used to investigate whether E. coli O157:H7 induces defense-related gene expression. 24290631 2 49 theme manure 463:468 arg1 extracts 470:477 manure extracts 463:477 manure extracts 463:477 E. coli O157:H7 grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with manure extracts showed an approximately 58% increase in CPS production compared to cells grown in LB medium alone. 24290631 1 50 theme defense 333:339 arg1 responses 341:349 CPS impact plant defense responses 316:349 CPS impact plant defense responses 316:349 This study evaluated whether growth medium or exposure conditions influence the production of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) by Escherichia coli O157:H7, and whether changes in CPS impact plant defense responses, consequently affecting survival on plants. 24290631 7 51 dep O157 1525:1528 arg1 H7 1530:1531 H7 1530:1531 LB-grown E. coli O157:H7 1508:1531 E. coli O157:H7 cells exposed to soil or manure exhibited greater survival on plants compared to LB-grown E. coli O157:H7. 24290631 4 52 theme defense-related 906:920 arg1 expression 927:936 defense-related gene expression 906:936 defense-related gene expression 906:936 Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing β-glucuronidase (GUS) under the control of the β-1,3-glucanase (BGL2) promoter were used to investigate whether E. coli O157:H7 induces defense-related gene expression. 24290631 1 53 theme Escherichia 267:277 arg1 O157 284:287 Escherichia coli O157 267:287 Escherichia coli O157:H7 267:290 This study evaluated whether growth medium or exposure conditions influence the production of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) by Escherichia coli O157:H7, and whether changes in CPS impact plant defense responses, consequently affecting survival on plants. 24290631 4 54 dep O157 890:893 arg1 H7 895:896 H7 895:896 E. coli O157:H7 882:896 Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing β-glucuronidase (GUS) under the control of the β-1,3-glucanase (BGL2) promoter were used to investigate whether E. coli O157:H7 induces defense-related gene expression. 24290631 4 55 theme Arabidopsis 731:741 arg1 plants 752:757 Arabidopsis thaliana plants 731:757 Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing β-glucuronidase (GUS) under the control of the β-1,3-glucanase (BGL2) promoter 731:847 Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing β-glucuronidase (GUS) under the control of the β-1,3-glucanase (BGL2) promoter were used to investigate whether E. coli O157:H7 induces defense-related gene expression. 24290631 4 56 theme BGL2 834:837 arg1 promoter 840:847 the β-1,3-glucanase (BGL2) promoter 813:847 the β-1,3-glucanase (BGL2) promoter 813:847 Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing β-glucuronidase (GUS) under the control of the β-1,3-glucanase (BGL2) promoter were used to investigate whether E. coli O157:H7 induces defense-related gene expression. 24290631 3 57 theme manure 663:668 arg1 extracts 670:677 manure extracts 663:677 manure extracts 663:677 Levels of CPS were significantly higher for E. coli O157:H7 cells exposed to soil or manure extracts as compared to the non-exposed LB cultured control. 24290631 3 58 theme CPS 588:590 arg1 Levels 578:583 Levels 578:583 Levels of CPS 578:590 Levels of CPS were significantly higher for E. coli O157:H7 cells exposed to soil or manure extracts as compared to the non-exposed LB cultured control. 24290631 0 59 dep O157 29:32 arg1 H7 34:35 H7 34:35 Escherichia coli O157:H7 12:35 Exposure of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to soil, manure, or water influences its survival on plants and initiation of plant defense response. 24290631 5 60 theme manure 1037:1042 arg1 extracts 1044:1051 manure extracts 1037:1051 manure extracts 1037:1051 Plants inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB containing manure extracts or cells exposed to manure extracts exhibited 3-fold and 2-fold lower GUS activity, respectively, suggesting a limited plant defense response compared to plants inoculated with cells grown in LB. 24290631 6 61 theme E. coli 1369:1375 arg1 O157 1377:1380 E. coli O157 1369:1380 E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB medium alone 1369:1408 On day 5 post inoculation the population of E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB supplemented with manure on plants was significantly greater than the population of E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB medium alone. 24290631 0 62 theme defense 121:127 arg1 response 129:136 plant defense response 115:136 plant defense response 115:136 Exposure of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to soil, manure, or water influences its survival on plants and initiation of plant defense response. 24290631 8 63 theme medium 1592:1597 arg1 composition 1599:1609 medium composition 1592:1609 medium composition 1592:1609 The results of this study underscore the need to consider medium composition and cultural conditions when conducting crop challenge studies. 24290631 3 64 theme non-exposed 698:708 arg1 control 722:728 the non-exposed LB cultured control 694:728 the non-exposed LB cultured control 694:728 Levels of CPS were significantly higher for E. coli O157:H7 cells exposed to soil or manure extracts as compared to the non-exposed LB cultured control. 24290631 0 65 theme plant 115:119 arg1 response 129:136 plant defense response 115:136 plant defense response 115:136 Exposure of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to soil, manure, or water influences its survival on plants and initiation of plant defense response. 24290631 5 66 theme E. coli 962:968 arg1 O157 970:973 E. coli O157 962:973 E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB containing manure extracts or cells exposed to manure extracts 962:1051 Plants inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB containing manure extracts or cells exposed to manure extracts exhibited 3-fold and 2-fold lower GUS activity, respectively, suggesting a limited plant defense response compared to plants inoculated with cells grown in LB. 24290631 0 67 dep Escherichia 12:22 arg1 coli 24:27 coli 24:27 coli 24:27 Exposure of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to soil, manure, or water influences its survival on plants and initiation of plant defense response. 24290631 8 68 theme cultural 1615:1622 arg1 conditions 1624:1633 cultural conditions 1615:1633 cultural conditions 1615:1633 The results of this study underscore the need to consider medium composition and cultural conditions when conducting crop challenge studies. 24290631 8 69 theme study 1554:1558 arg1 results 1538:1544 The results 1534:1544 The results of this study 1534:1558 The results of this study underscore the need to consider medium composition and cultural conditions when conducting crop challenge studies. 24290631 1 70 theme exposure 185:192 arg1 conditions 194:203 growth medium or exposure conditions 168:203 conditions 194:203 This study evaluated whether growth medium or exposure conditions influence the production of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) by Escherichia coli O157:H7, and whether changes in CPS impact plant defense responses, consequently affecting survival on plants. 24290631 2 71 theme LB 435:436 arg1 broth 439:443 Luria-Bertani (LB) broth 420:443 Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with manure extracts 420:477 E. coli O157:H7 grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with manure extracts showed an approximately 58% increase in CPS production compared to cells grown in LB medium alone. 24290631 7 72 theme E. coli 1411:1417 arg1 O157 1419:1422 E. coli O157 1411:1422 E. coli O157:H7 cells exposed to soil or manure 1411:1457 E. coli O157:H7 cells exposed to soil or manure exhibited greater survival on plants compared to LB-grown E. coli O157:H7. 24290631 5 73 theme limited 1128:1134 arg1 response 1150:1157 a limited plant defense response 1126:1157 a limited plant defense response compared to plants inoculated with cells grown in LB 1126:1210 Plants inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB containing manure extracts or cells exposed to manure extracts exhibited 3-fold and 2-fold lower GUS activity, respectively, suggesting a limited plant defense response compared to plants inoculated with cells grown in LB. 24290631 3 74 theme cultured 713:720 arg1 control 722:728 the non-exposed LB cultured control 694:728 the non-exposed LB cultured control 694:728 Levels of CPS were significantly higher for E. coli O157:H7 cells exposed to soil or manure extracts as compared to the non-exposed LB cultured control. 24290631 0 75 theme Escherichia 12:22 arg1 O157 29:32 Escherichia coli O157 12:32 Escherichia coli O157:H7 12:35 Exposure of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to soil, manure, or water influences its survival on plants and initiation of plant defense response. 24290631 3 76 theme E. coli 622:628 arg1 O157 630:633 E. coli O157 622:633 E. coli O157 622:633 Levels of CPS were significantly higher for E. coli O157:H7 cells exposed to soil or manure extracts as compared to the non-exposed LB cultured control. 24290631 5 77 theme defense 1142:1148 arg1 response 1150:1157 a limited plant defense response 1126:1157 a limited plant defense response compared to plants inoculated with cells grown in LB 1126:1210 Plants inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 grown in LB containing manure extracts or cells exposed to manure extracts exhibited 3-fold and 2-fold lower GUS activity, respectively, suggesting a limited plant defense response compared to plants inoculated with cells grown in LB. 24290631 0 78 from survival 78:85 arg1 plants 90:95 plants 90:95 plants 90:95 Exposure of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to soil, manure, or water influences its survival on plants and initiation of plant defense response. 24290631 0 78 from survival 78:85 arg1 initiation 101:110 initiation 101:110 initiation of plant defense response 101:136 Exposure of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to soil, manure, or water influences its survival on plants and initiation of plant defense response. 26298406 0 0 theme kaurabassana 93:104 arg1 tubers 42:47 tubers 42:47 tubers of Dioscorea sansibarensis and Pyrenacantha kaurabassana 42:104 Feasibility of bioethanol production from tubers of Dioscorea sansibarensis and Pyrenacantha kaurabassana. 26298406 7 1 theme bioethanol 1051:1060 arg1 production 1062:1071 bioethanol production 1051:1071 bioethanol production 1051:1071 Thus, tubers from these plants are potential feedstocks for bioethanol production with no competing uses. 26298406 1 2 theme Pyrenacantha 161:172 arg1 PK 188:189 PK 188:189 PK 188:189 Inedible tubers from Dioscorea sansibarensis (DS) and Pyrenacantha kaurabassana (PK) were found to be suitable feedstock for bioethanol production. 26298406 1 2 theme Pyrenacantha 161:172 arg1 kaurabassana 174:185 Pyrenacantha kaurabassana 161:185 Pyrenacantha kaurabassana (PK) 161:190 Inedible tubers from Dioscorea sansibarensis (DS) and Pyrenacantha kaurabassana (PK) were found to be suitable feedstock for bioethanol production. 26298406 6 3 theme simple 843:848 arg1 technique 850:858 A simple technique 841:858 A simple technique of recording and monitoring ethanol through CO2 generated during fermentation 841:936 A simple technique of recording and monitoring ethanol through CO2 generated during fermentation correlated strongly with HPLC measurement R(2)=0.99. 26298406 0 4 theme Pyrenacantha 80:91 arg1 kaurabassana 93:104 Pyrenacantha kaurabassana 80:104 Pyrenacantha kaurabassana 80:104 Feasibility of bioethanol production from tubers of Dioscorea sansibarensis and Pyrenacantha kaurabassana. 26298406 3 5 theme carbohydrate 583:594 arg1 % 572:572 % 572:572 % of total carbohydrate 572:594 DS and PK were found to contain inulin and galactomannan as principal polysaccharides (% of total carbohydrate) ca. 90 and 70, respectively. 26298406 3 5 theme carbohydrate 583:594 arg1 carbohydrate 583:594 total carbohydrate 577:594 total carbohydrate 577:594 DS and PK were found to contain inulin and galactomannan as principal polysaccharides (% of total carbohydrate) ca. 90 and 70, respectively. 26298406 2 6 theme fresh 346:350 arg1 tubers 352:357 % fresh tubers 344:357 % fresh tubers 344:357 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 6 theme fresh 346:350 arg1 matter 336:341 dry matter 332:341 dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively 332:482 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 7 dep 20 364:365 arg1 db 452:453 % db 450:453 % db 450:453 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 7 dep 20 364:365 arg1 47 428:429 47 428:429 47 428:429 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 7 dep 20 364:365 arg1 ca. 360:362 ca. 360:362 ca. 360:362 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 7 dep 20 364:365 arg1 protein 441:447 total protein 435:447 total protein (% db) 435:454 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 7 dep 20 364:365 arg1 ca. 417:419 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively 364:482 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively 364:482 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 7 dep 20 364:365 arg1 68 421:422 68 421:422 68 421:422 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 1 8 from kaurabassana 174:185 arg1 tubers 116:121 Inedible tubers 107:121 Inedible tubers from Dioscorea sansibarensis (DS) and Pyrenacantha kaurabassana (PK) 107:190 Inedible tubers from Dioscorea sansibarensis (DS) and Pyrenacantha kaurabassana (PK) were found to be suitable feedstock for bioethanol production. 26298406 5 9 theme DS 816:817 arg1 hydrolysate 791:801 acid hydrolysate 786:801 acid hydrolysate (25% w/v) of DS and PK, respectively 786:838 Ethanol yield ca. 56 and 35g/L was obtained at high efficiency through batch fermentation of acid hydrolysate (25% w/v) of DS and PK, respectively. 26298406 5 9 theme DS 816:817 arg1 w/v 808:810 25% w/v 804:810 25% w/v 804:810 Ethanol yield ca. 56 and 35g/L was obtained at high efficiency through batch fermentation of acid hydrolysate (25% w/v) of DS and PK, respectively. 26298406 5 10 theme % 806:806 arg1 hydrolysate 791:801 acid hydrolysate 786:801 acid hydrolysate (25% w/v) of DS and PK, respectively 786:838 Ethanol yield ca. 56 and 35g/L was obtained at high efficiency through batch fermentation of acid hydrolysate (25% w/v) of DS and PK, respectively. 26298406 5 10 theme % 806:806 arg1 w/v 808:810 25% w/v 804:810 25% w/v 804:810 Ethanol yield ca. 56 and 35g/L was obtained at high efficiency through batch fermentation of acid hydrolysate (25% w/v) of DS and PK, respectively. 26298406 2 11 dep 68 421:422 arg1 ca. 456:458 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively 421:482 ca. 456:458 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 11 dep 68 421:422 arg1 10 467:468 10 467:468 10 467:468 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 11 dep 68 421:422 arg1 16 460:461 16 460:461 16 460:461 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 6 12 theme R 980:980 arg1 =0.99 984:988 measurement R(2)=0.99 968:988 HPLC measurement R(2)=0.99 963:988 A simple technique of recording and monitoring ethanol through CO2 generated during fermentation correlated strongly with HPLC measurement R(2)=0.99. 26298406 2 13 theme % 450:450 arg1 protein 441:447 total protein 435:447 total protein (% db) 435:454 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 13 theme % 450:450 arg1 db 452:453 % db 450:453 % db 450:453 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 14 theme % 344:344 arg1 tubers 352:357 % fresh tubers 344:357 % fresh tubers 344:357 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 14 theme % 344:344 arg1 matter 336:341 dry matter 332:341 dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively 332:482 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 15 theme bioethanol 292:301 arg1 production 303:312 bioethanol production 292:312 bioethanol production 292:312 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 7 16 theme potential 1026:1034 arg1 feedstocks 1036:1045 potential feedstocks 1026:1045 potential feedstocks for bioethanol production with no competing uses 1026:1094 Thus, tubers from these plants are potential feedstocks for bioethanol production with no competing uses. 26298406 7 16 theme potential 1026:1034 arg1 tubers 997:1002 tubers 997:1002 tubers from these plants 997:1020 Thus, tubers from these plants are potential feedstocks for bioethanol production with no competing uses. 26298406 0 17 from tubers 42:47 arg1 Feasibility 0:10 Feasibility 0:10 Feasibility of bioethanol production from tubers of Dioscorea sansibarensis and Pyrenacantha kaurabassana. 0:105 Feasibility of bioethanol production from tubers of Dioscorea sansibarensis and Pyrenacantha kaurabassana. 26298406 7 18 from plants 1015:1020 arg1 feedstocks 1036:1045 potential feedstocks 1026:1045 potential feedstocks for bioethanol production with no competing uses 1026:1094 Thus, tubers from these plants are potential feedstocks for bioethanol production with no competing uses. 26298406 7 18 from plants 1015:1020 arg1 tubers 997:1002 tubers 997:1002 tubers from these plants 997:1020 Thus, tubers from these plants are potential feedstocks for bioethanol production with no competing uses. 26298406 4 19 theme Diluted 626:632 arg1 hydrolysis 639:648 Diluted acid hydrolysis 626:648 Diluted acid hydrolysis 626:648 Diluted acid hydrolysis yielded ca. 100% of total reducing sugars. 26298406 5 20 theme high 740:743 arg1 efficiency 745:754 high efficiency 740:754 high efficiency 740:754 Ethanol yield ca. 56 and 35g/L was obtained at high efficiency through batch fermentation of acid hydrolysate (25% w/v) of DS and PK, respectively. 26298406 5 21 theme Ethanol 693:699 arg1 yield 701:705 Ethanol yield ca. 56 693:712 Ethanol yield ca. 56 693:712 Ethanol yield ca. 56 and 35g/L was obtained at high efficiency through batch fermentation of acid hydrolysate (25% w/v) of DS and PK, respectively. 26298406 1 22 theme Inedible 107:114 arg1 tubers 116:121 Inedible tubers 107:121 Inedible tubers from Dioscorea sansibarensis (DS) and Pyrenacantha kaurabassana (PK) 107:190 Inedible tubers from Dioscorea sansibarensis (DS) and Pyrenacantha kaurabassana (PK) were found to be suitable feedstock for bioethanol production. 26298406 0 23 theme production 26:35 arg1 Feasibility 0:10 Feasibility 0:10 Feasibility of bioethanol production from tubers of Dioscorea sansibarensis and Pyrenacantha kaurabassana. 0:105 Feasibility of bioethanol production from tubers of Dioscorea sansibarensis and Pyrenacantha kaurabassana. 26298406 4 24 theme sugars 685:690 arg1 sugars 685:690 total reducing sugars 670:690 total reducing sugars 670:690 Diluted acid hydrolysis yielded ca. 100% of total reducing sugars. 26298406 4 24 theme sugars 685:690 arg1 % 665:665 100% 662:665 100% of total reducing sugars 662:690 Diluted acid hydrolysis yielded ca. 100% of total reducing sugars. 26298406 1 25 from sansibarensis 138:150 arg1 tubers 116:121 Inedible tubers 107:121 Inedible tubers from Dioscorea sansibarensis (DS) and Pyrenacantha kaurabassana (PK) 107:190 Inedible tubers from Dioscorea sansibarensis (DS) and Pyrenacantha kaurabassana (PK) were found to be suitable feedstock for bioethanol production. 26298406 2 26 theme dry 396:398 arg1 db 413:414 db 413:414 db 413:414 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 26 theme dry 396:398 arg1 base 407:410 dry weight base 396:410 total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) 374:415 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 27 theme weight 400:405 arg1 db 413:414 db 413:414 db 413:414 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 27 theme weight 400:405 arg1 base 407:410 dry weight base 396:410 total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) 374:415 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 5 28 theme PK 823:824 arg1 hydrolysate 791:801 acid hydrolysate 786:801 acid hydrolysate (25% w/v) of DS and PK, respectively 786:838 Ethanol yield ca. 56 and 35g/L was obtained at high efficiency through batch fermentation of acid hydrolysate (25% w/v) of DS and PK, respectively. 26298406 5 28 theme PK 823:824 arg1 w/v 808:810 25% w/v 804:810 25% w/v 804:810 Ethanol yield ca. 56 and 35g/L was obtained at high efficiency through batch fermentation of acid hydrolysate (25% w/v) of DS and PK, respectively. 26298406 3 29 theme principal 545:553 arg1 galactomannan 528:540 galactomannan 528:540 galactomannan 528:540 DS and PK were found to contain inulin and galactomannan as principal polysaccharides (% of total carbohydrate) ca. 90 and 70, respectively. 26298406 3 29 theme principal 545:553 arg1 polysaccharides 555:569 principal polysaccharides 545:569 principal polysaccharides (% of total carbohydrate) ca. 90 and 70, respectively 545:623 DS and PK were found to contain inulin and galactomannan as principal polysaccharides (% of total carbohydrate) ca. 90 and 70, respectively. 26298406 3 29 theme principal 545:553 arg1 inulin 517:522 inulin 517:522 inulin 517:522 DS and PK were found to contain inulin and galactomannan as principal polysaccharides (% of total carbohydrate) ca. 90 and 70, respectively. 26298406 4 30 theme acid 634:637 arg1 hydrolysis 639:648 Diluted acid hydrolysis 626:648 Diluted acid hydrolysis 626:648 Diluted acid hydrolysis yielded ca. 100% of total reducing sugars. 26298406 6 31 dep HPLC 963:966 arg1 =0.99 984:988 measurement R(2)=0.99 968:988 HPLC measurement R(2)=0.99 963:988 A simple technique of recording and monitoring ethanol through CO2 generated during fermentation correlated strongly with HPLC measurement R(2)=0.99. 26298406 3 32 dep 90 601:602 arg1 ca. 597:599 ca. 597:599 ca. 597:599 DS and PK were found to contain inulin and galactomannan as principal polysaccharides (% of total carbohydrate) ca. 90 and 70, respectively. 26298406 6 33 theme ethanol 888:894 arg1 technique 850:858 A simple technique 841:858 A simple technique of recording and monitoring ethanol through CO2 generated during fermentation 841:936 A simple technique of recording and monitoring ethanol through CO2 generated during fermentation correlated strongly with HPLC measurement R(2)=0.99. 26298406 2 34 theme carbohydrates 380:392 arg1 20 364:365 20 364:365 20 364:365 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 34 theme carbohydrates 380:392 arg1 % 394:394 total carbohydrates % 374:394 total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) 374:415 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 7 35 dep no 1078:1079 arg1 uses 1091:1094 uses 1091:1094 uses 1091:1094 Thus, tubers from these plants are potential feedstocks for bioethanol production with no competing uses. 26298406 2 36 theme total 374:378 arg1 carbohydrates 380:392 total carbohydrates 374:392 total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) 374:415 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 0 37 theme Dioscorea 52:60 arg1 sansibarensis 62:74 Dioscorea sansibarensis 52:74 Dioscorea sansibarensis 52:74 Feasibility of bioethanol production from tubers of Dioscorea sansibarensis and Pyrenacantha kaurabassana. 26298406 5 38 theme ca. 707:709 arg1 yield 701:705 Ethanol yield ca. 56 693:712 Ethanol yield ca. 56 693:712 Ethanol yield ca. 56 and 35g/L was obtained at high efficiency through batch fermentation of acid hydrolysate (25% w/v) of DS and PK, respectively. 26298406 2 39 theme total 435:439 arg1 protein 441:447 total protein 435:447 total protein (% db) 435:454 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 39 theme total 435:439 arg1 db 452:453 % db 450:453 % db 450:453 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 7 40 with feedstocks 1036:1045 arg1 no 1078:1079 no 1078:1079 no 1078:1079 Thus, tubers from these plants are potential feedstocks for bioethanol production with no competing uses. 26298406 1 41 theme Dioscorea 128:136 arg1 DS 153:154 DS 153:154 DS 153:154 Inedible tubers from Dioscorea sansibarensis (DS) and Pyrenacantha kaurabassana (PK) were found to be suitable feedstock for bioethanol production. 26298406 1 41 theme Dioscorea 128:136 arg1 sansibarensis 138:150 Dioscorea sansibarensis 128:150 Dioscorea sansibarensis (DS) 128:155 Inedible tubers from Dioscorea sansibarensis (DS) and Pyrenacantha kaurabassana (PK) were found to be suitable feedstock for bioethanol production. 26298406 2 42 dep % 394:394 arg1 db 413:414 db 413:414 db 413:414 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 42 dep % 394:394 arg1 base 407:410 dry weight base 396:410 total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) 374:415 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 5 43 theme hydrolysate 791:801 arg1 fermentation 770:781 batch fermentation 764:781 batch fermentation of acid hydrolysate (25% w/v) of DS and PK, respectively 764:838 Ethanol yield ca. 56 and 35g/L was obtained at high efficiency through batch fermentation of acid hydrolysate (25% w/v) of DS and PK, respectively. 26298406 4 44 theme reducing 676:683 arg1 sugars 685:690 total reducing sugars 670:690 total reducing sugars 670:690 Diluted acid hydrolysis yielded ca. 100% of total reducing sugars. 26298406 3 45 theme total 577:581 arg1 carbohydrate 583:594 total carbohydrate 577:594 total carbohydrate 577:594 DS and PK were found to contain inulin and galactomannan as principal polysaccharides (% of total carbohydrate) ca. 90 and 70, respectively. 26298406 4 46 theme total 670:674 arg1 sugars 685:690 total reducing sugars 670:690 total reducing sugars 670:690 Diluted acid hydrolysis yielded ca. 100% of total reducing sugars. 26298406 3 47 contain contain 509:515 arg2 galactomannan 528:540 galactomannan 528:540 galactomannan 528:540 DS and PK were found to contain inulin and galactomannan as principal polysaccharides (% of total carbohydrate) ca. 90 and 70, respectively. 26298406 3 47 contain contain 509:515 arg2 inulin 517:522 inulin 517:522 inulin 517:522 DS and PK were found to contain inulin and galactomannan as principal polysaccharides (% of total carbohydrate) ca. 90 and 70, respectively. 26298406 3 47 contain contain 509:515 arg2 polysaccharides 555:569 principal polysaccharides 545:569 principal polysaccharides (% of total carbohydrate) ca. 90 and 70, respectively 545:623 DS and PK were found to contain inulin and galactomannan as principal polysaccharides (% of total carbohydrate) ca. 90 and 70, respectively. 26298406 3 47 contain contain 509:515 arg1 PK 492:493 PK 492:493 PK 492:493 DS and PK were found to contain inulin and galactomannan as principal polysaccharides (% of total carbohydrate) ca. 90 and 70, respectively. 26298406 3 47 contain contain 509:515 arg1 DS 485:486 DS 485:486 DS 485:486 DS and PK were found to contain inulin and galactomannan as principal polysaccharides (% of total carbohydrate) ca. 90 and 70, respectively. 26298406 5 48 theme acid 786:789 arg1 hydrolysate 791:801 acid hydrolysate 786:801 acid hydrolysate (25% w/v) of DS and PK, respectively 786:838 Ethanol yield ca. 56 and 35g/L was obtained at high efficiency through batch fermentation of acid hydrolysate (25% w/v) of DS and PK, respectively. 26298406 5 48 theme acid 786:789 arg1 w/v 808:810 25% w/v 804:810 25% w/v 804:810 Ethanol yield ca. 56 and 35g/L was obtained at high efficiency through batch fermentation of acid hydrolysate (25% w/v) of DS and PK, respectively. 26298406 2 49 theme composition 265:275 arg1 matter 336:341 dry matter 332:341 dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively 332:482 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 49 theme composition 265:275 arg1 parameters 277:286 Important composition parameters 255:286 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK 255:326 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 50 theme dry 332:334 arg1 tubers 352:357 % fresh tubers 344:357 % fresh tubers 344:357 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 50 theme dry 332:334 arg1 matter 336:341 dry matter 332:341 dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively 332:482 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 50 theme dry 332:334 arg1 parameters 277:286 Important composition parameters 255:286 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK 255:326 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 6 51 theme recording 863:871 arg1 ethanol 888:894 recording and monitoring ethanol 863:894 recording and monitoring ethanol 863:894 A simple technique of recording and monitoring ethanol through CO2 generated during fermentation correlated strongly with HPLC measurement R(2)=0.99. 26298406 6 52 theme monitoring 877:886 arg1 ethanol 888:894 recording and monitoring ethanol 863:894 recording and monitoring ethanol 863:894 A simple technique of recording and monitoring ethanol through CO2 generated during fermentation correlated strongly with HPLC measurement R(2)=0.99. 26298406 2 53 theme Important 255:263 arg1 matter 336:341 dry matter 332:341 dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively 332:482 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 2 53 theme Important 255:263 arg1 parameters 277:286 Important composition parameters 255:286 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK 255:326 Important composition parameters for bioethanol production for DS and PK are dry matter (% fresh tubers) ca. 20 and 6, total carbohydrates % dry weight base (db) ca. 68 and 47 and total protein (% db) ca. 16 and 10, respectively. 26298406 6 54 theme measurement 968:978 arg1 =0.99 984:988 measurement R(2)=0.99 968:988 HPLC measurement R(2)=0.99 963:988 A simple technique of recording and monitoring ethanol through CO2 generated during fermentation correlated strongly with HPLC measurement R(2)=0.99. 26298406 1 55 theme bioethanol 232:241 arg1 production 243:252 bioethanol production 232:252 bioethanol production 232:252 Inedible tubers from Dioscorea sansibarensis (DS) and Pyrenacantha kaurabassana (PK) were found to be suitable feedstock for bioethanol production. 26298406 0 56 theme sansibarensis 62:74 arg1 tubers 42:47 tubers 42:47 tubers of Dioscorea sansibarensis and Pyrenacantha kaurabassana 42:104 Feasibility of bioethanol production from tubers of Dioscorea sansibarensis and Pyrenacantha kaurabassana. 26298406 0 57 theme bioethanol 15:24 arg1 production 26:35 bioethanol production 15:35 bioethanol production 15:35 Feasibility of bioethanol production from tubers of Dioscorea sansibarensis and Pyrenacantha kaurabassana. 26298406 5 58 theme batch 764:768 arg1 fermentation 770:781 batch fermentation 764:781 batch fermentation of acid hydrolysate (25% w/v) of DS and PK, respectively 764:838 Ethanol yield ca. 56 and 35g/L was obtained at high efficiency through batch fermentation of acid hydrolysate (25% w/v) of DS and PK, respectively. 26298406 3 59 dep polysaccharides 555:569 arg1 % 572:572 % 572:572 % of total carbohydrate 572:594 DS and PK were found to contain inulin and galactomannan as principal polysaccharides (% of total carbohydrate) ca. 90 and 70, respectively. 26298406 3 59 dep polysaccharides 555:569 arg1 carbohydrate 583:594 total carbohydrate 577:594 total carbohydrate 577:594 DS and PK were found to contain inulin and galactomannan as principal polysaccharides (% of total carbohydrate) ca. 90 and 70, respectively. 24243557 12 0 theme liver 1915:1919 arg1 disease 1921:1927 alcoholic liver disease 1905:1927 alcoholic liver disease 1905:1927 Together our data help to explain the underglycosylation phenotype observed in alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 7 1 theme oligosaccharyl 1253:1266 arg1 transferase 1268:1278 the oligosaccharyl transferase 1249:1278 the oligosaccharyl transferase 1249:1278 Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation showed a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, and an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. 24243557 5 2 theme N-glycans 729:737 arg1 biosynthesis 713:724 the biosynthesis 709:724 the biosynthesis of N-glycans 709:737 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans, activity assays of related enzymes, dolichol-phosphate quantification, and analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides were performed. 24243557 3 3 theme alcoholic 551:559 arg1 disease 567:573 alcoholic liver disease 551:573 alcoholic liver disease 551:573 The significance of the biosynthesis of N-glycan precursors in the endoplasmic reticulum, however, has not yet been addressed in alcoholic liver disease. 24243557 6 4 theme Man 983:985 arg1 3 994:994 3 994:994 3 994:994 Upon treatment of cells with ethanol, we found a decrease in the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc(3) and in C95- and C100-dolichol-phosphate levels. 24243557 6 4 theme Man 983:985 arg1 Glc 990:992 the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc 937:992 the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc(3) 937:995 Upon treatment of cells with ethanol, we found a decrease in the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc(3) and in C95- and C100-dolichol-phosphate levels. 24243557 7 5 from decrease 1115:1122 arg1 RPN2 1230:1233 RPN2 1230:1233 RPN2 1230:1233 Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation showed a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, and an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. 24243557 7 5 from decrease 1115:1122 arg1 subunit 1238:1244 a subunit 1236:1244 a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase 1236:1278 Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation showed a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, and an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. 24243557 7 5 from decrease 1115:1122 arg1 levels 1138:1143 expression levels 1127:1143 expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, 1127:1206 Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation showed a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, and an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. 24243557 1 6 link N-linked 88:95 arg1 glycosylation 105:117 N-linked protein glycosylation 88:117 N-linked protein glycosylation 88:117 Deficiency in N-linked protein glycosylation is a long-known characteristic of alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 5 7 theme activity 740:747 arg1 assays 749:754 activity assays 740:754 activity assays of related enzymes 740:773 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans, activity assays of related enzymes, dolichol-phosphate quantification, and analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides were performed. 24243557 5 8 link dolichol-linked 827:841 arg1 oligosaccharides 843:858 dolichol-linked oligosaccharides 827:858 dolichol-linked oligosaccharides 827:858 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans, activity assays of related enzymes, dolichol-phosphate quantification, and analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides were performed. 24243557 7 9 theme DPM1 1148:1151 arg1 levels 1138:1143 expression levels 1127:1143 expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, 1127:1206 Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation showed a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, and an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. 24243557 6 10 theme cells 894:898 arg1 treatment 881:889 treatment 881:889 treatment of cells with ethanol 881:911 Upon treatment of cells with ethanol, we found a decrease in the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc(3) and in C95- and C100-dolichol-phosphate levels. 24243557 0 11 theme Ethanol-induced 0:14 arg1 impairment 16:25 Ethanol-induced impairment 0:25 Ethanol-induced impairment in the biosynthesis of N-linked glycosylation 0:71 Ethanol-induced impairment in the biosynthesis of N-linked glycosylation. 24243557 6 12 theme Dol-PP-GlcNAc 966:978 arg1 Man 983:985 the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) 937:988 the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc(3) 937:995 Upon treatment of cells with ethanol, we found a decrease in the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc(3) and in C95- and C100-dolichol-phosphate levels. 24243557 0 13 link N-linked 50:57 arg1 glycosylation 59:71 N-linked glycosylation 50:71 N-linked glycosylation 50:71 Ethanol-induced impairment in the biosynthesis of N-linked glycosylation. 24243557 8 14 theme Ethanol 1281:1287 arg1 treatment 1289:1297 Ethanol treatment 1281:1297 Ethanol treatment 1281:1297 Ethanol treatment decreases the biosynthesis of dolichol-phosphate. 24243557 10 15 theme RNA 1468:1470 arg1 levels 1472:1477 Messenger RNA levels 1458:1477 Messenger RNA levels of genes involved in N-glycan biosynthesis 1458:1520 Messenger RNA levels of genes involved in N-glycan biosynthesis are slightly affected by ethanol treatment, indicating that the assembly of N-glycan precursors is not regulated at the transcriptional level. 24243557 2 16 theme final 368:372 arg1 steps 374:378 the final steps 364:378 the final steps of capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi 364:419 Previous investigations of ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency demonstrated perturbations in the early steps of substrate synthesis and in the final steps of capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi. 24243557 6 17 theme C95- 1004:1007 arg1 levels 1037:1042 C95- and C100-dolichol-phosphate levels 1004:1042 C95- and C100-dolichol-phosphate levels 1004:1042 Upon treatment of cells with ethanol, we found a decrease in the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc(3) and in C95- and C100-dolichol-phosphate levels. 24243557 2 18 from Golgi 415:419 arg1 steps 374:378 the final steps 364:378 the final steps of capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi 364:419 Previous investigations of ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency demonstrated perturbations in the early steps of substrate synthesis and in the final steps of capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi. 24243557 11 19 link N-linked 1706:1713 arg1 glycosylation 1715:1727 N-linked glycosylation 1706:1727 N-linked glycosylation 1706:1727 This study confirms that ethanol impairs N-linked glycosylation by affecting dolichol biosynthesis leading to impaired dolichol-linked oligosaccharide assembly. 24243557 10 20 theme transcriptional 1642:1656 arg1 level 1658:1662 the transcriptional level 1638:1662 the transcriptional level 1638:1662 Messenger RNA levels of genes involved in N-glycan biosynthesis are slightly affected by ethanol treatment, indicating that the assembly of N-glycan precursors is not regulated at the transcriptional level. 24243557 5 21 theme dolichol-phosphate 776:793 arg1 quantification 795:808 dolichol-phosphate quantification 776:808 dolichol-phosphate quantification 776:808 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans, activity assays of related enzymes, dolichol-phosphate quantification, and analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides were performed. 24243557 7 22 theme % 1113:1113 arg1 decrease 1115:1122 a 17% decrease 1109:1122 a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, 1109:1206 Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation showed a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, and an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. 24243557 7 23 theme genes 1068:1072 arg1 analysis 1056:1063 Transcript analysis 1045:1063 Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation 1045:1100 Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation showed a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, and an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. 24243557 8 24 theme dolichol-phosphate 1329:1346 arg1 biosynthesis 1313:1324 the biosynthesis 1309:1324 the biosynthesis of dolichol-phosphate 1309:1346 Ethanol treatment decreases the biosynthesis of dolichol-phosphate. 24243557 6 25 from decrease 925:932 arg1 3 994:994 3 994:994 3 994:994 Upon treatment of cells with ethanol, we found a decrease in the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc(3) and in C95- and C100-dolichol-phosphate levels. 24243557 6 25 from decrease 925:932 arg1 Glc 990:992 the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc 937:992 the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc(3) 937:995 Upon treatment of cells with ethanol, we found a decrease in the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc(3) and in C95- and C100-dolichol-phosphate levels. 24243557 6 25 from decrease 925:932 arg1 levels 1037:1042 C95- and C100-dolichol-phosphate levels 1004:1042 C95- and C100-dolichol-phosphate levels 1004:1042 Upon treatment of cells with ethanol, we found a decrease in the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc(3) and in C95- and C100-dolichol-phosphate levels. 24243557 2 26 theme glycosylation 263:275 arg1 deficiency 277:286 ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency 247:286 ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency 247:286 Previous investigations of ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency demonstrated perturbations in the early steps of substrate synthesis and in the final steps of capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi. 24243557 5 27 theme enzymes 767:773 arg1 analysis 679:686 Transcript analysis 668:686 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans 668:737 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans, activity assays of related enzymes, dolichol-phosphate quantification, and analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides were performed. 24243557 5 27 theme enzymes 767:773 arg1 assays 749:754 activity assays 740:754 activity assays of related enzymes 740:773 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans, activity assays of related enzymes, dolichol-phosphate quantification, and analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides were performed. 24243557 5 27 theme enzymes 767:773 arg1 quantification 795:808 dolichol-phosphate quantification 776:808 dolichol-phosphate quantification 776:808 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans, activity assays of related enzymes, dolichol-phosphate quantification, and analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides were performed. 24243557 5 27 theme enzymes 767:773 arg1 analysis 815:822 analysis 815:822 analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides 815:858 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans, activity assays of related enzymes, dolichol-phosphate quantification, and analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides were performed. 24243557 2 28 theme early 322:326 arg1 steps 328:332 the early steps 318:332 the early steps of substrate synthesis 318:355 Previous investigations of ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency demonstrated perturbations in the early steps of substrate synthesis and in the final steps of capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi. 24243557 1 29 theme alcoholic 153:161 arg1 disease 169:175 alcoholic liver disease 153:175 alcoholic liver disease 153:175 Deficiency in N-linked protein glycosylation is a long-known characteristic of alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 3 30 from biosynthesis 446:457 arg1 reticulum 501:509 the endoplasmic reticulum 485:509 the endoplasmic reticulum 485:509 The significance of the biosynthesis of N-glycan precursors in the endoplasmic reticulum, however, has not yet been addressed in alcoholic liver disease. 24243557 1 31 theme disease 169:175 arg1 characteristic 135:148 a long-known characteristic 122:148 a long-known characteristic of alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation 122:217 Deficiency in N-linked protein glycosylation is a long-known characteristic of alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 1 31 theme disease 169:175 arg1 Deficiency 74:83 Deficiency 74:83 Deficiency in N-linked protein glycosylation 74:117 Deficiency in N-linked protein glycosylation is a long-known characteristic of alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 10 32 theme N-glycan 1500:1507 arg1 biosynthesis 1509:1520 N-glycan biosynthesis 1500:1520 N-glycan biosynthesis 1500:1520 Messenger RNA levels of genes involved in N-glycan biosynthesis are slightly affected by ethanol treatment, indicating that the assembly of N-glycan precursors is not regulated at the transcriptional level. 24243557 5 33 theme Transcript 668:677 arg1 analysis 679:686 Transcript analysis 668:686 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans 668:737 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans, activity assays of related enzymes, dolichol-phosphate quantification, and analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides were performed. 24243557 1 34 theme congenital 181:190 arg1 disorders 192:200 congenital disorders 181:200 congenital disorders of glycosylation 181:217 Deficiency in N-linked protein glycosylation is a long-known characteristic of alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 2 35 from steps 374:378 arg1 Golgi 415:419 the Golgi 411:419 the Golgi 411:419 Previous investigations of ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency demonstrated perturbations in the early steps of substrate synthesis and in the final steps of capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi. 24243557 2 36 theme synthesis 347:355 arg1 steps 328:332 the early steps 318:332 the early steps of substrate synthesis 318:355 Previous investigations of ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency demonstrated perturbations in the early steps of substrate synthesis and in the final steps of capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi. 24243557 6 37 theme C100-dolichol-phosphate 1013:1035 arg1 levels 1037:1042 C95- and C100-dolichol-phosphate levels 1004:1042 C95- and C100-dolichol-phosphate levels 1004:1042 Upon treatment of cells with ethanol, we found a decrease in the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc(3) and in C95- and C100-dolichol-phosphate levels. 24243557 3 38 theme endoplasmic 489:499 arg1 reticulum 501:509 the endoplasmic reticulum 485:509 the endoplasmic reticulum 485:509 The significance of the biosynthesis of N-glycan precursors in the endoplasmic reticulum, however, has not yet been addressed in alcoholic liver disease. 24243557 5 39 theme dolichol-linked 827:841 arg1 oligosaccharides 843:858 dolichol-linked oligosaccharides 827:858 dolichol-linked oligosaccharides 827:858 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans, activity assays of related enzymes, dolichol-phosphate quantification, and analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides were performed. 24243557 1 40 theme N-linked 88:95 arg1 glycosylation 105:117 N-linked protein glycosylation 88:117 N-linked protein glycosylation 88:117 Deficiency in N-linked protein glycosylation is a long-known characteristic of alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 7 41 theme % 1216:1216 arg1 increase 1218:1225 an 8% increase 1212:1225 an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase 1212:1278 Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation showed a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, and an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. 24243557 9 42 theme N-glycan 1380:1387 arg1 precursors 1389:1398 N-glycan precursors 1380:1398 N-glycan precursors 1380:1398 Consequently, the formation of N-glycan precursors is affected, resulting in an aberrant precursor assembly. 24243557 6 43 theme precursor 956:964 arg1 Man 983:985 the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) 937:988 the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc(3) 937:995 Upon treatment of cells with ethanol, we found a decrease in the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc(3) and in C95- and C100-dolichol-phosphate levels. 24243557 3 44 theme N-glycan 462:469 arg1 precursors 471:480 N-glycan precursors 462:480 N-glycan precursors 462:480 The significance of the biosynthesis of N-glycan precursors in the endoplasmic reticulum, however, has not yet been addressed in alcoholic liver disease. 24243557 10 45 theme ethanol 1547:1553 arg1 treatment 1555:1563 ethanol treatment 1547:1563 ethanol treatment 1547:1563 Messenger RNA levels of genes involved in N-glycan biosynthesis are slightly affected by ethanol treatment, indicating that the assembly of N-glycan precursors is not regulated at the transcriptional level. 24243557 11 46 theme oligosaccharide 1800:1814 arg1 assembly 1816:1823 impaired dolichol-linked oligosaccharide assembly 1775:1823 impaired dolichol-linked oligosaccharide assembly 1775:1823 This study confirms that ethanol impairs N-linked glycosylation by affecting dolichol biosynthesis leading to impaired dolichol-linked oligosaccharide assembly. 24243557 6 47 theme final 941:945 arg1 Man 983:985 the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) 937:988 the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc(3) 937:995 Upon treatment of cells with ethanol, we found a decrease in the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc(3) and in C95- and C100-dolichol-phosphate levels. 24243557 12 48 theme congenital 1933:1942 arg1 disorders 1944:1952 congenital disorders 1933:1952 congenital disorders of glycosylation 1933:1969 Together our data help to explain the underglycosylation phenotype observed in alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 3 49 theme biosynthesis 446:457 arg1 significance 426:437 The significance 422:437 The significance of the biosynthesis of N-glycan precursors in the endoplasmic reticulum 422:509 The significance of the biosynthesis of N-glycan precursors in the endoplasmic reticulum, however, has not yet been addressed in alcoholic liver disease. 24243557 11 50 theme impaired 1775:1782 arg1 assembly 1816:1823 impaired dolichol-linked oligosaccharide assembly 1775:1823 impaired dolichol-linked oligosaccharide assembly 1775:1823 This study confirms that ethanol impairs N-linked glycosylation by affecting dolichol biosynthesis leading to impaired dolichol-linked oligosaccharide assembly. 24243557 2 51 theme glycans 400:406 arg1 steps 374:378 the final steps 364:378 the final steps of capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi 364:419 Previous investigations of ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency demonstrated perturbations in the early steps of substrate synthesis and in the final steps of capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi. 24243557 0 52 theme N-linked 50:57 arg1 glycosylation 59:71 N-linked glycosylation 50:71 N-linked glycosylation 50:71 Ethanol-induced impairment in the biosynthesis of N-linked glycosylation. 24243557 12 53 theme glycosylation 1957:1969 arg1 disease 1921:1927 alcoholic liver disease 1905:1927 alcoholic liver disease 1905:1927 Together our data help to explain the underglycosylation phenotype observed in alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 12 53 theme glycosylation 1957:1969 arg1 disorders 1944:1952 congenital disorders 1933:1952 congenital disorders of glycosylation 1933:1969 Together our data help to explain the underglycosylation phenotype observed in alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 4 54 theme hepatoma 597:604 arg1 cells 606:610 Ethanol-metabolizing hepatoma cells 576:610 Ethanol-metabolizing hepatoma cells 576:610 Ethanol-metabolizing hepatoma cells were treated with increasing concentrations of ethanol. 24243557 2 55 theme capping 383:389 arg1 glycans 400:406 capping N-linked glycans 383:406 capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi 383:419 Previous investigations of ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency demonstrated perturbations in the early steps of substrate synthesis and in the final steps of capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi. 24243557 9 56 theme aberrant 1429:1436 arg1 assembly 1448:1455 an aberrant precursor assembly 1426:1455 an aberrant precursor assembly 1426:1455 Consequently, the formation of N-glycan precursors is affected, resulting in an aberrant precursor assembly. 24243557 12 57 theme alcoholic 1905:1913 arg1 disease 1921:1927 alcoholic liver disease 1905:1927 alcoholic liver disease 1905:1927 Together our data help to explain the underglycosylation phenotype observed in alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 2 58 theme Previous 220:227 arg1 investigations 229:242 Previous investigations 220:242 Previous investigations of ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency 220:286 Previous investigations of ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency demonstrated perturbations in the early steps of substrate synthesis and in the final steps of capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi. 24243557 3 59 theme liver 561:565 arg1 disease 567:573 alcoholic liver disease 551:573 alcoholic liver disease 551:573 The significance of the biosynthesis of N-glycan precursors in the endoplasmic reticulum, however, has not yet been addressed in alcoholic liver disease. 24243557 12 60 located observed 1893:1900 arg2 phenotype 1883:1891 the underglycosylation phenotype 1860:1891 the underglycosylation phenotype observed in alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation 1860:1969 Together our data help to explain the underglycosylation phenotype observed in alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 12 60 located observed 1893:1900 arg1 disorders 1944:1952 congenital disorders 1933:1952 congenital disorders of glycosylation 1933:1969 Together our data help to explain the underglycosylation phenotype observed in alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 12 60 located observed 1893:1900 arg1 disease 1921:1927 alcoholic liver disease 1905:1927 alcoholic liver disease 1905:1927 Together our data help to explain the underglycosylation phenotype observed in alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 10 61 theme N-glycan 1598:1605 arg1 precursors 1607:1616 N-glycan precursors 1598:1616 N-glycan precursors 1598:1616 Messenger RNA levels of genes involved in N-glycan biosynthesis are slightly affected by ethanol treatment, indicating that the assembly of N-glycan precursors is not regulated at the transcriptional level. 24243557 3 62 from reticulum 501:509 arg1 significance 426:437 The significance 422:437 The significance of the biosynthesis of N-glycan precursors in the endoplasmic reticulum 422:509 The significance of the biosynthesis of N-glycan precursors in the endoplasmic reticulum, however, has not yet been addressed in alcoholic liver disease. 24243557 12 63 theme underglycosylation 1864:1881 arg1 phenotype 1883:1891 the underglycosylation phenotype 1860:1891 the underglycosylation phenotype observed in alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation 1860:1969 Together our data help to explain the underglycosylation phenotype observed in alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 7 64 theme transferase 1268:1278 arg1 RPN2 1230:1233 RPN2 1230:1233 RPN2 1230:1233 Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation showed a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, and an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. 24243557 7 64 theme transferase 1268:1278 arg1 subunit 1238:1244 a subunit 1236:1244 a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase 1236:1278 Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation showed a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, and an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. 24243557 11 65 link dolichol-linked 1784:1798 arg1 assembly 1816:1823 impaired dolichol-linked oligosaccharide assembly 1775:1823 impaired dolichol-linked oligosaccharide assembly 1775:1823 This study confirms that ethanol impairs N-linked glycosylation by affecting dolichol biosynthesis leading to impaired dolichol-linked oligosaccharide assembly. 24243557 2 66 link N-linked 391:398 arg1 glycans 400:406 capping N-linked glycans 383:406 capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi 383:419 Previous investigations of ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency demonstrated perturbations in the early steps of substrate synthesis and in the final steps of capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi. 24243557 1 67 from Deficiency 74:83 arg1 glycosylation 105:117 N-linked protein glycosylation 88:117 N-linked protein glycosylation 88:117 Deficiency in N-linked protein glycosylation is a long-known characteristic of alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 2 68 from glycans 400:406 arg1 Golgi 415:419 the Golgi 411:419 the Golgi 411:419 Previous investigations of ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency demonstrated perturbations in the early steps of substrate synthesis and in the final steps of capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi. 24243557 4 69 theme ethanol 659:665 arg1 concentrations 641:654 increasing concentrations 630:654 increasing concentrations of ethanol 630:665 Ethanol-metabolizing hepatoma cells were treated with increasing concentrations of ethanol. 24243557 2 70 theme substrate 337:345 arg1 synthesis 347:355 substrate synthesis 337:355 substrate synthesis 337:355 Previous investigations of ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency demonstrated perturbations in the early steps of substrate synthesis and in the final steps of capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi. 24243557 1 71 theme disorders 192:200 arg1 characteristic 135:148 a long-known characteristic 122:148 a long-known characteristic of alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation 122:217 Deficiency in N-linked protein glycosylation is a long-known characteristic of alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 1 71 theme disorders 192:200 arg1 Deficiency 74:83 Deficiency 74:83 Deficiency in N-linked protein glycosylation 74:117 Deficiency in N-linked protein glycosylation is a long-known characteristic of alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 7 72 theme dolichol-phosphate-mannose 1171:1196 arg1 synthase 1198:1205 the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase 1167:1205 the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase 1167:1205 Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation showed a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, and an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. 24243557 11 73 theme dolichol 1742:1749 arg1 biosynthesis 1751:1762 dolichol biosynthesis 1742:1762 dolichol biosynthesis leading to impaired dolichol-linked oligosaccharide assembly 1742:1823 This study confirms that ethanol impairs N-linked glycosylation by affecting dolichol biosynthesis leading to impaired dolichol-linked oligosaccharide assembly. 24243557 7 74 theme expression 1127:1136 arg1 levels 1138:1143 expression levels 1127:1143 expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, 1127:1206 Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation showed a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, and an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. 24243557 1 75 theme glycosylation 205:217 arg1 disease 169:175 alcoholic liver disease 153:175 alcoholic liver disease 153:175 Deficiency in N-linked protein glycosylation is a long-known characteristic of alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 1 75 theme glycosylation 205:217 arg1 disorders 192:200 congenital disorders 181:200 congenital disorders of glycosylation 181:217 Deficiency in N-linked protein glycosylation is a long-known characteristic of alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 10 76 theme Messenger 1458:1466 arg1 levels 1472:1477 Messenger RNA levels 1458:1477 Messenger RNA levels of genes involved in N-glycan biosynthesis 1458:1520 Messenger RNA levels of genes involved in N-glycan biosynthesis are slightly affected by ethanol treatment, indicating that the assembly of N-glycan precursors is not regulated at the transcriptional level. 24243557 7 77 from increase 1218:1225 arg1 RPN2 1230:1233 RPN2 1230:1233 RPN2 1230:1233 Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation showed a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, and an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. 24243557 7 77 from increase 1218:1225 arg1 subunit 1238:1244 a subunit 1236:1244 a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase 1236:1278 Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation showed a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, and an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. 24243557 7 77 from increase 1218:1225 arg1 levels 1138:1143 expression levels 1127:1143 expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, 1127:1206 Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation showed a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, and an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. 24243557 6 78 with treatment 881:889 arg1 ethanol 905:911 ethanol 905:911 ethanol 905:911 Upon treatment of cells with ethanol, we found a decrease in the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc(3) and in C95- and C100-dolichol-phosphate levels. 24243557 7 79 theme 17 1111:1112 arg1 % 1113:1113 % 1113:1113 % 1113:1113 Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation showed a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, and an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. 24243557 2 80 theme deficiency 277:286 arg1 investigations 229:242 Previous investigations 220:242 Previous investigations of ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency 220:286 Previous investigations of ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency demonstrated perturbations in the early steps of substrate synthesis and in the final steps of capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi. 24243557 1 81 theme long-known 124:133 arg1 characteristic 135:148 a long-known characteristic 122:148 a long-known characteristic of alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation 122:217 Deficiency in N-linked protein glycosylation is a long-known characteristic of alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 1 81 theme long-known 124:133 arg1 Deficiency 74:83 Deficiency 74:83 Deficiency in N-linked protein glycosylation 74:117 Deficiency in N-linked protein glycosylation is a long-known characteristic of alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 5 82 theme related 759:765 arg1 enzymes 767:773 related enzymes 759:773 related enzymes 759:773 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans, activity assays of related enzymes, dolichol-phosphate quantification, and analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides were performed. 24243557 5 83 theme oligosaccharides 843:858 arg1 analysis 679:686 Transcript analysis 668:686 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans 668:737 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans, activity assays of related enzymes, dolichol-phosphate quantification, and analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides were performed. 24243557 5 83 theme oligosaccharides 843:858 arg1 assays 749:754 activity assays 740:754 activity assays of related enzymes 740:773 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans, activity assays of related enzymes, dolichol-phosphate quantification, and analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides were performed. 24243557 5 83 theme oligosaccharides 843:858 arg1 quantification 795:808 dolichol-phosphate quantification 776:808 dolichol-phosphate quantification 776:808 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans, activity assays of related enzymes, dolichol-phosphate quantification, and analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides were performed. 24243557 5 83 theme oligosaccharides 843:858 arg1 analysis 815:822 analysis 815:822 analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides 815:858 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans, activity assays of related enzymes, dolichol-phosphate quantification, and analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides were performed. 24243557 7 84 theme Transcript 1045:1054 arg1 analysis 1056:1063 Transcript analysis 1045:1063 Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation 1045:1100 Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation showed a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, and an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. 24243557 1 85 theme liver 163:167 arg1 disease 169:175 alcoholic liver disease 153:175 alcoholic liver disease 153:175 Deficiency in N-linked protein glycosylation is a long-known characteristic of alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 0 86 from impairment 16:25 arg1 biosynthesis 34:45 the biosynthesis 30:45 the biosynthesis of N-linked glycosylation 30:71 Ethanol-induced impairment in the biosynthesis of N-linked glycosylation. 24243557 10 87 theme genes 1482:1486 arg1 levels 1472:1477 Messenger RNA levels 1458:1477 Messenger RNA levels of genes involved in N-glycan biosynthesis 1458:1520 Messenger RNA levels of genes involved in N-glycan biosynthesis are slightly affected by ethanol treatment, indicating that the assembly of N-glycan precursors is not regulated at the transcriptional level. 24243557 3 88 from significance 426:437 arg1 reticulum 501:509 the endoplasmic reticulum 485:509 the endoplasmic reticulum 485:509 The significance of the biosynthesis of N-glycan precursors in the endoplasmic reticulum, however, has not yet been addressed in alcoholic liver disease. 24243557 5 89 theme genes 691:695 arg1 analysis 679:686 Transcript analysis 668:686 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans 668:737 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans, activity assays of related enzymes, dolichol-phosphate quantification, and analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides were performed. 24243557 5 89 theme genes 691:695 arg1 assays 749:754 activity assays 740:754 activity assays of related enzymes 740:773 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans, activity assays of related enzymes, dolichol-phosphate quantification, and analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides were performed. 24243557 5 89 theme genes 691:695 arg1 quantification 795:808 dolichol-phosphate quantification 776:808 dolichol-phosphate quantification 776:808 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans, activity assays of related enzymes, dolichol-phosphate quantification, and analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides were performed. 24243557 5 89 theme genes 691:695 arg1 analysis 815:822 analysis 815:822 analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides 815:858 Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans, activity assays of related enzymes, dolichol-phosphate quantification, and analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides were performed. 24243557 7 90 theme 8 1215:1215 arg1 % 1216:1216 % 1216:1216 % 1216:1216 Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation showed a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, and an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. 24243557 1 91 theme protein 97:103 arg1 glycosylation 105:117 N-linked protein glycosylation 88:117 N-linked protein glycosylation 88:117 Deficiency in N-linked protein glycosylation is a long-known characteristic of alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. 24243557 9 92 theme precursors 1389:1398 arg1 formation 1367:1375 the formation 1363:1375 the formation of N-glycan precursors 1363:1398 Consequently, the formation of N-glycan precursors is affected, resulting in an aberrant precursor assembly. 24243557 4 93 theme increasing 630:639 arg1 concentrations 641:654 increasing concentrations 630:654 increasing concentrations of ethanol 630:665 Ethanol-metabolizing hepatoma cells were treated with increasing concentrations of ethanol. 24243557 11 94 theme dolichol-linked 1784:1798 arg1 assembly 1816:1823 impaired dolichol-linked oligosaccharide assembly 1775:1823 impaired dolichol-linked oligosaccharide assembly 1775:1823 This study confirms that ethanol impairs N-linked glycosylation by affecting dolichol biosynthesis leading to impaired dolichol-linked oligosaccharide assembly. 24243557 7 95 theme synthase 1198:1205 arg1 DPM1 1148:1151 DPM1 1148:1151 DPM1 1148:1151 Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation showed a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, and an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. 24243557 7 95 theme synthase 1198:1205 arg1 subunit 1156:1162 a subunit 1154:1162 a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase 1154:1205 Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation showed a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, and an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. 24243557 6 96 theme N-glycan 947:954 arg1 Man 983:985 the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) 937:988 the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc(3) 937:995 Upon treatment of cells with ethanol, we found a decrease in the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc(3) and in C95- and C100-dolichol-phosphate levels. 24243557 3 97 theme precursors 471:480 arg1 biosynthesis 446:457 the biosynthesis 442:457 the biosynthesis of N-glycan precursors in the endoplasmic reticulum 442:509 The significance of the biosynthesis of N-glycan precursors in the endoplasmic reticulum, however, has not yet been addressed in alcoholic liver disease. 24243557 4 98 theme Ethanol-metabolizing 576:595 arg1 cells 606:610 Ethanol-metabolizing hepatoma cells 576:610 Ethanol-metabolizing hepatoma cells 576:610 Ethanol-metabolizing hepatoma cells were treated with increasing concentrations of ethanol. 24243557 11 99 theme N-linked 1706:1713 arg1 glycosylation 1715:1727 N-linked glycosylation 1706:1727 N-linked glycosylation 1706:1727 This study confirms that ethanol impairs N-linked glycosylation by affecting dolichol biosynthesis leading to impaired dolichol-linked oligosaccharide assembly. 24243557 0 100 theme glycosylation 59:71 arg1 biosynthesis 34:45 the biosynthesis 30:45 the biosynthesis of N-linked glycosylation 30:71 Ethanol-induced impairment in the biosynthesis of N-linked glycosylation. 24243557 2 101 theme ethanol-induced 247:261 arg1 deficiency 277:286 ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency 247:286 ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency 247:286 Previous investigations of ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency demonstrated perturbations in the early steps of substrate synthesis and in the final steps of capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi. 24243557 2 102 theme N-linked 391:398 arg1 glycans 400:406 capping N-linked glycans 383:406 capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi 383:419 Previous investigations of ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency demonstrated perturbations in the early steps of substrate synthesis and in the final steps of capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi. 24243557 9 103 theme precursor 1438:1446 arg1 assembly 1448:1455 an aberrant precursor assembly 1426:1455 an aberrant precursor assembly 1426:1455 Consequently, the formation of N-glycan precursors is affected, resulting in an aberrant precursor assembly. 24243557 10 104 theme precursors 1607:1616 arg1 assembly 1586:1593 the assembly 1582:1593 the assembly of N-glycan precursors 1582:1616 Messenger RNA levels of genes involved in N-glycan biosynthesis are slightly affected by ethanol treatment, indicating that the assembly of N-glycan precursors is not regulated at the transcriptional level. 28445789 3 0 theme spectral 346:353 arg1 region 355:360 the mid-infrared spectral region 329:360 the mid-infrared spectral region 329:360 Spectra were collected in the mid-infrared spectral region and a chemometric approach was used to analyse the spectra. 28445789 9 1 theme spectroscopic 1185:1197 arg1 approach 1199:1206 the spectroscopic approach 1181:1206 the spectroscopic approach 1181:1206 This study demonstrates the utility of the spectroscopic approach as a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method to understand changes in cellular composition induced by Pb and allowing detection and quantification of Pb levels in metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot". 28445789 9 2 theme metal-contaminated 1374:1391 arg1 cells 1393:1397 metal-contaminated cells 1374:1397 metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot" 1374:1413 This study demonstrates the utility of the spectroscopic approach as a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method to understand changes in cellular composition induced by Pb and allowing detection and quantification of Pb levels in metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot". 28445789 9 3 theme Pb 1361:1362 arg1 levels 1364:1369 Pb levels 1361:1369 Pb levels 1361:1369 This study demonstrates the utility of the spectroscopic approach as a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method to understand changes in cellular composition induced by Pb and allowing detection and quantification of Pb levels in metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot". 28445789 4 4 theme Principal 422:430 arg1 Analysis 442:449 Principal Component Analysis 422:449 Principal Component Analysis 422:449 Principal Component Analysis showed that under Pb treatment, carbohydrates and lipids increased while proteins and phosphorylated molecules decreased in both the isolates. 28445789 7 5 dep lipids 836:841 arg1 measured 846:853 measured 846:853 measured by Nile Red 846:865 Neutral lipids as measured by Nile Red were increased in lead-treated samples. 28445789 9 6 from detection 1329:1337 arg1 cells 1393:1397 metal-contaminated cells 1374:1397 metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot" 1374:1413 This study demonstrates the utility of the spectroscopic approach as a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method to understand changes in cellular composition induced by Pb and allowing detection and quantification of Pb levels in metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot". 28445789 0 7 from Characterisation 0:15 arg1 microalgae 72:81 microalgae 72:81 microalgae using infrared spectroscopy 72:109 Characterisation of Pb-induced changes and prediction of Pb exposure in microalgae using infrared spectroscopy. 28445789 8 8 theme validation 1122:1131 arg1 testing 1133:1139 independent validation testing 1110:1139 independent validation testing 1110:1139 Modelling of spectral data against Pb exposure levels allowed Pb-exposed samples to be readily discriminated from unexposed controls and the level of Pb exposure could be predicted with good accuracy in independent validation testing. 28445789 5 9 theme photosynthesis 662:675 arg1 measurements 646:657 conventional measurements 633:657 conventional measurements of photosynthesis and neutral lipids 633:694 These conclusions were corroborated by conventional measurements of photosynthesis and neutral lipids. 28445789 8 10 theme data 929:932 arg1 Modelling 907:915 Modelling 907:915 Modelling of spectral data against Pb exposure levels 907:959 Modelling of spectral data against Pb exposure levels allowed Pb-exposed samples to be readily discriminated from unexposed controls and the level of Pb exposure could be predicted with good accuracy in independent validation testing. 28445789 0 11 theme infrared 89:96 arg1 spectroscopy 98:109 infrared spectroscopy 89:109 infrared spectroscopy 89:109 Characterisation of Pb-induced changes and prediction of Pb exposure in microalgae using infrared spectroscopy. 28445789 2 12 theme Scenedesmus 162:172 arg1 YaA6 181:184 Scenedesmus acutus YaA6 162:184 Scenedesmus acutus YaA6 162:184 FleB1 and Scenedesmus acutus YaA6 exposed to Pb were characterised by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. 28445789 8 13 theme independent 1110:1120 arg1 testing 1133:1139 independent validation testing 1110:1139 independent validation testing 1110:1139 Modelling of spectral data against Pb exposure levels allowed Pb-exposed samples to be readily discriminated from unexposed controls and the level of Pb exposure could be predicted with good accuracy in independent validation testing. 28445789 9 14 theme approach 1199:1206 arg1 utility 1170:1176 the utility 1166:1176 the utility of the spectroscopic approach 1166:1206 This study demonstrates the utility of the spectroscopic approach as a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method to understand changes in cellular composition induced by Pb and allowing detection and quantification of Pb levels in metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot". 28445789 9 14 theme approach 1199:1206 arg1 method 1249:1254 a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method 1211:1254 a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method to understand changes in cellular composition induced by Pb and allowing detection and quantification of Pb levels in metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot" 1211:1413 This study demonstrates the utility of the spectroscopic approach as a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method to understand changes in cellular composition induced by Pb and allowing detection and quantification of Pb levels in metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot". 28445789 8 15 theme exposure 945:952 arg1 levels 954:959 Pb exposure levels 942:959 Pb exposure levels 942:959 Modelling of spectral data against Pb exposure levels allowed Pb-exposed samples to be readily discriminated from unexposed controls and the level of Pb exposure could be predicted with good accuracy in independent validation testing. 28445789 3 16 theme chemometric 368:378 arg1 approach 380:387 a chemometric approach 366:387 a chemometric approach 366:387 Spectra were collected in the mid-infrared spectral region and a chemometric approach was used to analyse the spectra. 28445789 4 17 theme phosphorylated 537:550 arg1 molecules 552:560 phosphorylated molecules 537:560 phosphorylated molecules 537:560 Principal Component Analysis showed that under Pb treatment, carbohydrates and lipids increased while proteins and phosphorylated molecules decreased in both the isolates. 28445789 5 18 theme lipids 689:694 arg1 measurements 646:657 conventional measurements 633:657 conventional measurements of photosynthesis and neutral lipids 633:694 These conclusions were corroborated by conventional measurements of photosynthesis and neutral lipids. 28445789 4 19 theme Component 432:440 arg1 Analysis 442:449 Principal Component Analysis 422:449 Principal Component Analysis 422:449 Principal Component Analysis showed that under Pb treatment, carbohydrates and lipids increased while proteins and phosphorylated molecules decreased in both the isolates. 28445789 8 20 theme Pb 942:943 arg1 levels 954:959 Pb exposure levels 942:959 Pb exposure levels 942:959 Modelling of spectral data against Pb exposure levels allowed Pb-exposed samples to be readily discriminated from unexposed controls and the level of Pb exposure could be predicted with good accuracy in independent validation testing. 28445789 0 21 from prediction 43:52 arg1 microalgae 72:81 microalgae 72:81 microalgae using infrared spectroscopy 72:109 Characterisation of Pb-induced changes and prediction of Pb exposure in microalgae using infrared spectroscopy. 28445789 9 22 from cells 1393:1397 arg1 " 1413:1413 a "snapshot" 1402:1413 a "snapshot" 1402:1413 This study demonstrates the utility of the spectroscopic approach as a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method to understand changes in cellular composition induced by Pb and allowing detection and quantification of Pb levels in metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot". 28445789 9 23 theme rapid 1213:1217 arg1 utility 1170:1176 the utility 1166:1176 the utility of the spectroscopic approach 1166:1206 This study demonstrates the utility of the spectroscopic approach as a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method to understand changes in cellular composition induced by Pb and allowing detection and quantification of Pb levels in metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot". 28445789 9 23 theme rapid 1213:1217 arg1 method 1249:1254 a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method 1211:1254 a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method to understand changes in cellular composition induced by Pb and allowing detection and quantification of Pb levels in metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot" 1211:1413 This study demonstrates the utility of the spectroscopic approach as a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method to understand changes in cellular composition induced by Pb and allowing detection and quantification of Pb levels in metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot". 28445789 3 24 used used 393:396 arg2 approach 380:387 a chemometric approach 366:387 a chemometric approach 366:387 Spectra were collected in the mid-infrared spectral region and a chemometric approach was used to analyse the spectra. 28445789 9 25 dep rapid 1213:1217 arg1 non-destructive 1233:1247 non-destructive 1233:1247 non-destructive 1233:1247 This study demonstrates the utility of the spectroscopic approach as a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method to understand changes in cellular composition induced by Pb and allowing detection and quantification of Pb levels in metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot". 28445789 9 25 dep rapid 1213:1217 arg1 inexpensive 1220:1230 inexpensive 1220:1230 inexpensive 1220:1230 This study demonstrates the utility of the spectroscopic approach as a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method to understand changes in cellular composition induced by Pb and allowing detection and quantification of Pb levels in metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot". 28445789 1 26 from changes 127:133 arg1 sp 148:149 Chlorella sp 138:149 Chlorella sp 138:149 Macromolecular changes in Chlorella sp. 28445789 9 27 dep method 1249:1254 arg1 understand 1259:1268 understand 1259:1268 to understand changes in cellular composition induced by Pb 1256:1314 This study demonstrates the utility of the spectroscopic approach as a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method to understand changes in cellular composition induced by Pb and allowing detection and quantification of Pb levels in metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot". 28445789 9 27 dep method 1249:1254 arg1 allowing 1320:1327 allowing 1320:1327 allowing detection and quantification of Pb levels in metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot" 1320:1413 This study demonstrates the utility of the spectroscopic approach as a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method to understand changes in cellular composition induced by Pb and allowing detection and quantification of Pb levels in metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot". 28445789 8 28 theme good 1093:1096 arg1 accuracy 1098:1105 good accuracy 1093:1105 good accuracy in independent validation testing 1093:1139 Modelling of spectral data against Pb exposure levels allowed Pb-exposed samples to be readily discriminated from unexposed controls and the level of Pb exposure could be predicted with good accuracy in independent validation testing. 28445789 0 29 theme changes 31:37 arg1 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation of Pb-induced changes and prediction of Pb exposure in microalgae using infrared spectroscopy. 0:110 Characterisation of Pb-induced changes and prediction of Pb exposure in microalgae using infrared spectroscopy. 28445789 5 30 theme conventional 633:644 arg1 measurements 646:657 conventional measurements 633:657 conventional measurements of photosynthesis and neutral lipids 633:694 These conclusions were corroborated by conventional measurements of photosynthesis and neutral lipids. 28445789 5 31 theme neutral 681:687 arg1 lipids 689:694 neutral lipids 681:694 neutral lipids 681:694 These conclusions were corroborated by conventional measurements of photosynthesis and neutral lipids. 28445789 8 32 theme Pb 1057:1058 arg1 exposure 1060:1067 Pb exposure 1057:1067 Pb exposure 1057:1067 Modelling of spectral data against Pb exposure levels allowed Pb-exposed samples to be readily discriminated from unexposed controls and the level of Pb exposure could be predicted with good accuracy in independent validation testing. 28445789 0 33 theme Pb-induced 20:29 arg1 changes 31:37 Pb-induced changes 20:37 Pb-induced changes 20:37 Characterisation of Pb-induced changes and prediction of Pb exposure in microalgae using infrared spectroscopy. 28445789 7 34 theme Red 863:865 arg1 Nile 858:861 Nile Red 858:865 Nile Red 858:865 Neutral lipids as measured by Nile Red were increased in lead-treated samples. 28445789 1 35 theme Macromolecular 112:125 arg1 changes 127:133 Macromolecular changes 112:133 Macromolecular changes in Chlorella sp. 112:150 Macromolecular changes in Chlorella sp. 28445789 7 36 theme lead-treated 885:896 arg1 samples 898:904 lead-treated samples 885:904 lead-treated samples 885:904 Neutral lipids as measured by Nile Red were increased in lead-treated samples. 28445789 0 37 theme prediction 43:52 arg1 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation of Pb-induced changes and prediction of Pb exposure in microalgae using infrared spectroscopy. 0:110 Characterisation of Pb-induced changes and prediction of Pb exposure in microalgae using infrared spectroscopy. 28445789 8 38 from accuracy 1098:1105 arg1 testing 1133:1139 independent validation testing 1110:1139 independent validation testing 1110:1139 Modelling of spectral data against Pb exposure levels allowed Pb-exposed samples to be readily discriminated from unexposed controls and the level of Pb exposure could be predicted with good accuracy in independent validation testing. 28445789 0 39 from microalgae 72:81 arg1 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation of Pb-induced changes and prediction of Pb exposure in microalgae using infrared spectroscopy. 0:110 Characterisation of Pb-induced changes and prediction of Pb exposure in microalgae using infrared spectroscopy. 28445789 9 40 from changes 1270:1276 arg1 composition 1290:1300 cellular composition 1281:1300 cellular composition induced by Pb 1281:1314 This study demonstrates the utility of the spectroscopic approach as a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method to understand changes in cellular composition induced by Pb and allowing detection and quantification of Pb levels in metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot". 28445789 2 41 theme Reflectance-Fourier 239:257 arg1 spectroscopy 289:300 Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy 269:300 Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy 222:300 FleB1 and Scenedesmus acutus YaA6 exposed to Pb were characterised by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. 28445789 0 42 theme Pb 57:58 arg1 exposure 60:67 Pb exposure 57:67 Pb exposure 57:67 Characterisation of Pb-induced changes and prediction of Pb exposure in microalgae using infrared spectroscopy. 28445789 2 43 theme acutus 174:179 arg1 YaA6 181:184 Scenedesmus acutus YaA6 162:184 Scenedesmus acutus YaA6 162:184 FleB1 and Scenedesmus acutus YaA6 exposed to Pb were characterised by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. 28445789 2 44 theme Total 233:237 arg1 spectroscopy 289:300 Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy 269:300 Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy 222:300 FleB1 and Scenedesmus acutus YaA6 exposed to Pb were characterised by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. 28445789 9 45 theme snapshot 1405:1412 arg1 " 1413:1413 a "snapshot" 1402:1413 a "snapshot" 1402:1413 This study demonstrates the utility of the spectroscopic approach as a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method to understand changes in cellular composition induced by Pb and allowing detection and quantification of Pb levels in metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot". 28445789 3 46 theme mid-infrared 333:344 arg1 region 355:360 the mid-infrared spectral region 329:360 the mid-infrared spectral region 329:360 Spectra were collected in the mid-infrared spectral region and a chemometric approach was used to analyse the spectra. 28445789 2 47 theme Attenuated 222:231 arg1 spectroscopy 289:300 Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy 269:300 Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy 222:300 FleB1 and Scenedesmus acutus YaA6 exposed to Pb were characterised by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. 28445789 8 48 theme unexposed 1021:1029 arg1 controls 1031:1038 unexposed controls 1021:1038 unexposed controls 1021:1038 Modelling of spectral data against Pb exposure levels allowed Pb-exposed samples to be readily discriminated from unexposed controls and the level of Pb exposure could be predicted with good accuracy in independent validation testing. 28445789 9 49 from quantification 1343:1356 arg1 cells 1393:1397 metal-contaminated cells 1374:1397 metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot" 1374:1413 This study demonstrates the utility of the spectroscopic approach as a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method to understand changes in cellular composition induced by Pb and allowing detection and quantification of Pb levels in metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot". 28445789 6 50 theme macromolecules 812:825 arg1 synthesis 773:781 the synthesis 769:781 the synthesis of polysaccharides and other macromolecules 769:825 In the two strains, Pb inhibited photosynthesis, which directly affects the synthesis of polysaccharides and other macromolecules. 28445789 1 51 theme Chlorella 138:146 arg1 sp 148:149 Chlorella sp 138:149 Chlorella sp 138:149 Macromolecular changes in Chlorella sp. 28445789 7 52 theme Neutral 828:834 arg1 lipids 836:841 Neutral lipids 828:841 Neutral lipids as measured by Nile Red 828:865 Neutral lipids as measured by Nile Red were increased in lead-treated samples. 28445789 4 53 theme Pb 469:470 arg1 treatment 472:480 Pb treatment 469:480 Pb treatment 469:480 Principal Component Analysis showed that under Pb treatment, carbohydrates and lipids increased while proteins and phosphorylated molecules decreased in both the isolates. 28445789 2 54 theme ATR-FTIR 279:286 arg1 spectroscopy 289:300 Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy 269:300 Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy 222:300 FleB1 and Scenedesmus acutus YaA6 exposed to Pb were characterised by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. 28445789 6 55 theme other 806:810 arg1 macromolecules 812:825 other macromolecules 806:825 other macromolecules 806:825 In the two strains, Pb inhibited photosynthesis, which directly affects the synthesis of polysaccharides and other macromolecules. 28445789 8 56 theme Pb-exposed 969:978 arg1 samples 980:986 Pb-exposed samples 969:986 Pb-exposed samples 969:986 Modelling of spectral data against Pb exposure levels allowed Pb-exposed samples to be readily discriminated from unexposed controls and the level of Pb exposure could be predicted with good accuracy in independent validation testing. 28445789 9 57 theme cellular 1281:1288 arg1 composition 1290:1300 cellular composition 1281:1300 cellular composition induced by Pb 1281:1314 This study demonstrates the utility of the spectroscopic approach as a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method to understand changes in cellular composition induced by Pb and allowing detection and quantification of Pb levels in metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot". 28445789 9 58 theme levels 1364:1369 arg1 detection 1329:1337 detection 1329:1337 detection 1329:1337 This study demonstrates the utility of the spectroscopic approach as a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method to understand changes in cellular composition induced by Pb and allowing detection and quantification of Pb levels in metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot". 28445789 9 58 theme levels 1364:1369 arg1 quantification 1343:1356 quantification 1343:1356 quantification 1343:1356 This study demonstrates the utility of the spectroscopic approach as a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive method to understand changes in cellular composition induced by Pb and allowing detection and quantification of Pb levels in metal-contaminated cells in a "snapshot". 28445789 8 59 theme exposure 1060:1067 arg1 level 1048:1052 the level 1044:1052 the level of Pb exposure 1044:1067 Modelling of spectral data against Pb exposure levels allowed Pb-exposed samples to be readily discriminated from unexposed controls and the level of Pb exposure could be predicted with good accuracy in independent validation testing. 28445789 0 60 theme exposure 60:67 arg1 prediction 43:52 prediction 43:52 prediction of Pb exposure 43:67 Characterisation of Pb-induced changes and prediction of Pb exposure in microalgae using infrared spectroscopy. 28445789 0 60 theme exposure 60:67 arg1 changes 31:37 Pb-induced changes 20:37 Pb-induced changes 20:37 Characterisation of Pb-induced changes and prediction of Pb exposure in microalgae using infrared spectroscopy. 28445789 0 61 from changes 31:37 arg1 microalgae 72:81 microalgae 72:81 microalgae using infrared spectroscopy 72:109 Characterisation of Pb-induced changes and prediction of Pb exposure in microalgae using infrared spectroscopy. 28445789 2 62 theme Infrared 269:276 arg1 spectroscopy 289:300 Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy 269:300 Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy 222:300 FleB1 and Scenedesmus acutus YaA6 exposed to Pb were characterised by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. 28445789 6 63 theme polysaccharides 786:800 arg1 synthesis 773:781 the synthesis 769:781 the synthesis of polysaccharides and other macromolecules 769:825 In the two strains, Pb inhibited photosynthesis, which directly affects the synthesis of polysaccharides and other macromolecules. 28445789 2 64 dep spectroscopy 289:300 arg1 Transform 259:267 Transform 259:267 Transform 259:267 FleB1 and Scenedesmus acutus YaA6 exposed to Pb were characterised by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. 28445789 8 65 theme spectral 920:927 arg1 data 929:932 spectral data 920:932 spectral data 920:932 Modelling of spectral data against Pb exposure levels allowed Pb-exposed samples to be readily discriminated from unexposed controls and the level of Pb exposure could be predicted with good accuracy in independent validation testing. 28865102 7 0 theme immediate 1403:1411 arg1 hydration 1418:1426 immediate skin hydration 1403:1426 immediate skin hydration 1403:1426 CONCLUSION The presence of sunscreens had a negative influence on immediate skin hydration and TEWL. 28865102 4 1 theme loss 994:997 arg1 assessment 892:901 the assessment 888:901 the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use 888:1087 Twenty female volunteers aged 39-45 years were then selected for the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use. 28865102 8 2 theme multifunctional 1535:1549 arg1 formulation 1551:1561 the multifunctional formulation 1531:1561 the multifunctional formulation 1531:1561 On the other hand, it positively influenced parameters related to the physical properties of the multifunctional formulation and skin microrelief. 28865102 1 3 theme filters 228:234 arg1 role 217:220 the role 213:220 the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products 213:301 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 1 4 theme immediate 390:398 arg1 effects 400:406 immediate effects 390:406 immediate effects 390:406 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 1 5 contain contain 137:143 arg2 filters 148:154 UV filters 145:154 UV filters 145:154 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 1 5 contain contain 137:143 arg1 composition 165:175 their composition 159:175 their composition 159:175 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 1 5 contain contain 137:143 arg2 products 128:135 many cosmetic products 114:135 many cosmetic products 114:135 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 1 5 contain contain 137:143 arg1 products 128:135 many cosmetic products 114:135 many cosmetic products 114:135 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 5 6 theme filters 1117:1123 arg1 presence 1102:1109 The presence 1098:1109 The presence of UV filters 1098:1123 RESULTS The presence of UV filters resulted in an improvement of the physical properties of the multifunctional cosmetic formulation (M) and of skin microrelief. 28865102 7 7 theme sunscreens 1364:1373 arg1 presence 1352:1359 The presence 1348:1359 The presence of sunscreens 1348:1373 CONCLUSION The presence of sunscreens had a negative influence on immediate skin hydration and TEWL. 28865102 2 8 theme cassava 538:544 arg1 polysaccharides 546:560 cassava polysaccharides 538:560 cassava polysaccharides 538:560 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 1 9 theme cosmetic 413:420 arg1 formulation 422:432 a cosmetic formulation 411:432 a cosmetic formulation 411:432 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 1 10 theme UV 357:358 arg1 filters 360:366 UV filters 357:366 UV filters 357:366 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 4 11 theme content 1029:1035 arg1 assessment 892:901 the assessment 888:901 the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use 888:1087 Twenty female volunteers aged 39-45 years were then selected for the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use. 28865102 1 12 theme few 186:188 arg1 studies 190:196 few studies 186:196 few studies 186:196 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 4 13 theme microrelief 1041:1051 arg1 assessment 892:901 the assessment 888:901 the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use 888:1087 Twenty female volunteers aged 39-45 years were then selected for the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use. 28865102 9 14 theme filters 1628:1634 arg1 factor 1696:1701 an important factor 1683:1701 an important factor 1683:1701 Thus, we conclude that the influence of UV filters on the development of cosmetic formulations is an important factor to be considered because it can have either positive or negative effect on the efficacy of the product. 28865102 9 14 theme filters 1628:1634 arg1 influence 1612:1620 the influence 1608:1620 the influence of UV filters on the development of cosmetic formulations 1608:1678 Thus, we conclude that the influence of UV filters on the development of cosmetic formulations is an important factor to be considered because it can have either positive or negative effect on the efficacy of the product. 28865102 2 15 contain containing 607:616 arg1 vehicle 519:525 vehicle 519:525 vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides 519:593 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 2 15 contain containing 607:616 arg1 vehicle 471:477 vehicle 471:477 vehicle (V) 471:481 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 2 15 contain containing 607:616 arg1 METHODS 435:441 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle 435:605 METHODS 435:441 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 2 15 contain containing 607:616 arg2 polysaccharides 642:656 cassava polysaccharides 634:656 cassava polysaccharides 634:656 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 2 15 contain containing 607:616 arg1 vehicle 484:490 vehicle 484:490 vehicle containing UV filters (F) 484:516 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 2 15 contain containing 607:616 arg1 vehicle 599:605 vehicle 599:605 vehicle 599:605 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 2 15 contain containing 607:616 arg2 filters 621:627 UV filters 618:627 UV filters 618:627 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 6 16 from decrease 1314:1321 arg1 hydration 1326:1334 hydration 1326:1334 hydration 1326:1334 However, the presence of UV filters also caused a significant decrease in hydration. 28865102 7 17 dep CONCLUSION 1337:1346 arg1 had 1375:1377 had 1375:1377 had a negative influence on immediate skin hydration and TEWL 1375:1435 CONCLUSION The presence of sunscreens had a negative influence on immediate skin hydration and TEWL. 28865102 2 18 theme UV 503:504 arg1 filters 506:512 UV filters 503:512 UV filters 503:512 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 2 19 theme UV 618:619 arg1 filters 621:627 UV filters 618:627 UV filters 618:627 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 5 20 theme formulation 1211:1221 arg1 properties 1168:1177 the physical properties 1155:1177 the physical properties of the multifunctional cosmetic formulation (M) and of skin microrelief 1155:1249 RESULTS The presence of UV filters resulted in an improvement of the physical properties of the multifunctional cosmetic formulation (M) and of skin microrelief. 28865102 3 21 theme texture 740:746 arg1 profile 748:754 The texture profile 736:754 The texture profile of the formulations 736:774 The texture profile of the formulations was analysed with a TA.XT plus Texturometer® . 28865102 7 22 contain had 1375:1377 arg2 influence 1390:1398 a negative influence 1379:1398 a negative influence 1379:1398 CONCLUSION The presence of sunscreens had a negative influence on immediate skin hydration and TEWL. 28865102 7 22 contain had 1375:1377 arg1 presence 1352:1359 The presence 1348:1359 The presence of sunscreens 1348:1373 CONCLUSION The presence of sunscreens had a negative influence on immediate skin hydration and TEWL. 28865102 1 23 dep properties 375:384 arg1 the 371:373 the 371:373 the 371:373 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 4 24 theme clinical 916:923 arg1 efficacy 925:932 immediate clinical efficacy 906:932 immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study 906:964 Twenty female volunteers aged 39-45 years were then selected for the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use. 28865102 2 25 theme alfalfa 662:668 arg1 oligosaccharides 670:685 alfalfa oligosaccharides 662:685 alfalfa oligosaccharides 662:685 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 9 26 theme formulations 1667:1678 arg1 development 1643:1653 the development 1639:1653 the development of cosmetic formulations 1639:1678 Thus, we conclude that the influence of UV filters on the development of cosmetic formulations is an important factor to be considered because it can have either positive or negative effect on the efficacy of the product. 28865102 3 27 theme formulations 763:774 arg1 profile 748:754 The texture profile 736:754 The texture profile of the formulations 736:774 The texture profile of the formulations was analysed with a TA.XT plus Texturometer® . 28865102 6 28 theme filters 1280:1286 arg1 presence 1265:1272 the presence 1261:1272 the presence of UV filters 1261:1286 However, the presence of UV filters also caused a significant decrease in hydration. 28865102 1 29 dep properties 252:261 arg1 the 239:241 the 239:241 the 239:241 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 2 30 theme A 575:575 arg1 oligosaccharides 578:593 alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides 566:593 alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides 566:593 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 5 31 theme multifunctional 1186:1200 arg1 formulation 1211:1221 the multifunctional cosmetic formulation 1182:1221 the multifunctional cosmetic formulation (M) 1182:1225 RESULTS The presence of UV filters resulted in an improvement of the physical properties of the multifunctional cosmetic formulation (M) and of skin microrelief. 28865102 5 31 theme multifunctional 1186:1200 arg1 M 1224:1224 M 1224:1224 M 1224:1224 RESULTS The presence of UV filters resulted in an improvement of the physical properties of the multifunctional cosmetic formulation (M) and of skin microrelief. 28865102 0 32 theme cosmetic 65:72 arg1 formulation 74:84 a cosmetic formulation 63:84 a cosmetic formulation 63:84 Influence of UV filters on the texture profile and efficacy of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 1 33 from influence 344:352 arg1 properties 375:384 properties 375:384 properties 375:384 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 1 33 from influence 344:352 arg1 effects 400:406 immediate effects 390:406 immediate effects 390:406 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 1 34 theme cosmetic 119:126 arg1 products 128:135 many cosmetic products 114:135 many cosmetic products 114:135 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 4 35 theme skin 1060:1063 arg1 microrelief 1041:1051 microrelief 1041:1051 microrelief of the skin obtained with their use 1041:1087 Twenty female volunteers aged 39-45 years were then selected for the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use. 28865102 4 35 theme skin 1060:1063 arg1 TEWL 1000:1003 TEWL 1000:1003 TEWL 1000:1003 Twenty female volunteers aged 39-45 years were then selected for the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use. 28865102 4 35 theme skin 1060:1063 arg1 loss 994:997 transepidermal water loss 973:997 transepidermal water loss (TEWL) 973:1004 Twenty female volunteers aged 39-45 years were then selected for the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use. 28865102 4 35 theme skin 1060:1063 arg1 content 1029:1035 stratum corneum water content 1007:1035 stratum corneum water content 1007:1035 Twenty female volunteers aged 39-45 years were then selected for the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use. 28865102 2 36 theme alfalfa 566:572 arg1 oligosaccharides 578:593 alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides 566:593 alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides 566:593 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 1 37 theme clinical 267:274 arg1 efficacy 276:283 clinical efficacy 267:283 clinical efficacy 267:283 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 2 38 theme cosmetic 448:455 arg1 formulations 457:468 Four cosmetic formulations 443:468 Four cosmetic formulations 443:468 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 1 39 theme physical 243:250 arg1 properties 252:261 physical properties 243:261 physical properties 243:261 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 4 40 theme water 988:992 arg1 TEWL 1000:1003 TEWL 1000:1003 TEWL 1000:1003 Twenty female volunteers aged 39-45 years were then selected for the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use. 28865102 4 40 theme water 988:992 arg1 loss 994:997 transepidermal water loss 973:997 transepidermal water loss (TEWL) 973:1004 Twenty female volunteers aged 39-45 years were then selected for the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use. 28865102 0 41 theme UV 13:14 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of UV 0:14 Influence of UV filters on the texture profile and efficacy of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 4 42 theme formulations 941:952 arg1 efficacy 925:932 immediate clinical efficacy 906:932 immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study 906:964 Twenty female volunteers aged 39-45 years were then selected for the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use. 28865102 5 43 theme skin 1234:1237 arg1 microrelief 1239:1249 skin microrelief 1234:1249 skin microrelief 1234:1249 RESULTS The presence of UV filters resulted in an improvement of the physical properties of the multifunctional cosmetic formulation (M) and of skin microrelief. 28865102 9 44 theme cosmetic 1658:1665 arg1 formulations 1667:1678 cosmetic formulations 1658:1678 cosmetic formulations 1658:1678 Thus, we conclude that the influence of UV filters on the development of cosmetic formulations is an important factor to be considered because it can have either positive or negative effect on the efficacy of the product. 28865102 0 45 theme texture 31:37 arg1 profile 39:45 texture profile 31:45 texture profile 31:45 Influence of UV filters on the texture profile and efficacy of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 4 46 theme stratum 1007:1013 arg1 corneum 1015:1021 stratum corneum 1007:1021 stratum corneum water content 1007:1035 Twenty female volunteers aged 39-45 years were then selected for the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use. 28865102 8 47 theme related 1493:1499 arg1 parameters 1482:1491 parameters 1482:1491 parameters related to the physical properties of the multifunctional formulation and skin microrelief 1482:1582 On the other hand, it positively influenced parameters related to the physical properties of the multifunctional formulation and skin microrelief. 28865102 8 48 theme skin 1567:1570 arg1 microrelief 1572:1582 skin microrelief 1567:1582 skin microrelief 1567:1582 On the other hand, it positively influenced parameters related to the physical properties of the multifunctional formulation and skin microrelief. 28865102 7 49 theme skin 1413:1416 arg1 hydration 1418:1426 immediate skin hydration 1403:1426 immediate skin hydration 1403:1426 CONCLUSION The presence of sunscreens had a negative influence on immediate skin hydration and TEWL. 28865102 4 50 theme water 1023:1027 arg1 content 1029:1035 stratum corneum water content 1007:1035 stratum corneum water content 1007:1035 Twenty female volunteers aged 39-45 years were then selected for the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use. 28865102 2 51 contain containing 527:536 arg1 METHODS 435:441 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle 435:605 METHODS 435:441 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 2 51 contain containing 527:536 arg1 vehicle 519:525 vehicle 519:525 vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides 519:593 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 2 51 contain containing 527:536 arg2 oligosaccharides 578:593 alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides 566:593 alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides 566:593 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 2 51 contain containing 527:536 arg2 polysaccharides 546:560 cassava polysaccharides 538:560 cassava polysaccharides 538:560 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 1 52 theme UV 225:226 arg1 filters 228:234 UV filters 225:234 UV filters 225:234 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 7 53 theme negative 1381:1388 arg1 influence 1390:1398 a negative influence 1379:1398 a negative influence 1379:1398 CONCLUSION The presence of sunscreens had a negative influence on immediate skin hydration and TEWL. 28865102 9 54 theme product 1798:1804 arg1 efficacy 1782:1789 the efficacy 1778:1789 the efficacy of the product 1778:1804 Thus, we conclude that the influence of UV filters on the development of cosmetic formulations is an important factor to be considered because it can have either positive or negative effect on the efficacy of the product. 28865102 8 55 theme formulation 1551:1561 arg1 properties 1517:1526 the physical properties 1504:1526 the physical properties of the multifunctional formulation and skin microrelief 1504:1582 On the other hand, it positively influenced parameters related to the physical properties of the multifunctional formulation and skin microrelief. 28865102 6 56 theme significant 1302:1312 arg1 decrease 1314:1321 a significant decrease 1300:1321 a significant decrease in hydration 1300:1334 However, the presence of UV filters also caused a significant decrease in hydration. 28865102 2 57 theme multifunctional 688:702 arg1 formulation 704:714 multifunctional formulation 688:714 multifunctional formulation 688:714 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 2 57 theme multifunctional 688:702 arg1 M 717:717 M 717:717 M 717:717 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 1 58 theme formulation 422:432 arg1 properties 375:384 properties 375:384 properties 375:384 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 1 58 theme formulation 422:432 arg1 effects 400:406 immediate effects 390:406 immediate effects 390:406 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 9 59 theme UV 1625:1626 arg1 filters 1628:1634 UV filters 1625:1634 UV filters 1625:1634 Thus, we conclude that the influence of UV filters on the development of cosmetic formulations is an important factor to be considered because it can have either positive or negative effect on the efficacy of the product. 28865102 2 60 theme cassava 634:640 arg1 polysaccharides 642:656 cassava polysaccharides 634:656 cassava polysaccharides 634:656 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 6 61 theme UV 1277:1278 arg1 filters 1280:1286 UV filters 1277:1286 UV filters 1277:1286 However, the presence of UV filters also caused a significant decrease in hydration. 28865102 1 62 from role 217:220 arg1 properties 252:261 physical properties 243:261 physical properties 243:261 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 1 62 from role 217:220 arg1 efficacy 276:283 clinical efficacy 267:283 clinical efficacy 267:283 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 4 63 theme female 830:835 arg1 volunteers 837:846 Twenty female volunteers 823:846 Twenty female volunteers aged 39-45 years 823:863 Twenty female volunteers aged 39-45 years were then selected for the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use. 28865102 5 64 theme cosmetic 1202:1209 arg1 formulation 1211:1221 the multifunctional cosmetic formulation 1182:1221 the multifunctional cosmetic formulation (M) 1182:1225 RESULTS The presence of UV filters resulted in an improvement of the physical properties of the multifunctional cosmetic formulation (M) and of skin microrelief. 28865102 5 64 theme cosmetic 1202:1209 arg1 M 1224:1224 M 1224:1224 M 1224:1224 RESULTS The presence of UV filters resulted in an improvement of the physical properties of the multifunctional cosmetic formulation (M) and of skin microrelief. 28865102 1 65 theme filters 360:366 arg1 influence 344:352 the influence 340:352 the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation 340:432 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 1 66 theme many 114:117 arg1 products 128:135 many cosmetic products 114:135 many cosmetic products 114:135 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 9 67 contain have 1735:1738 arg1 it 1728:1729 it 1728:1729 it 1728:1729 Thus, we conclude that the influence of UV filters on the development of cosmetic formulations is an important factor to be considered because it can have either positive or negative effect on the efficacy of the product. 28865102 9 67 contain have 1735:1738 arg2 effect 1768:1773 either positive or negative effect 1740:1773 either positive or negative effect 1740:1773 Thus, we conclude that the influence of UV filters on the development of cosmetic formulations is an important factor to be considered because it can have either positive or negative effect on the efficacy of the product. 28865102 4 68 theme immediate 906:914 arg1 efficacy 925:932 immediate clinical efficacy 906:932 immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study 906:964 Twenty female volunteers aged 39-45 years were then selected for the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use. 28865102 5 69 theme properties 1168:1177 arg1 improvement 1140:1150 an improvement 1137:1150 an improvement of the physical properties of the multifunctional cosmetic formulation (M) and of skin microrelief 1137:1249 RESULTS The presence of UV filters resulted in an improvement of the physical properties of the multifunctional cosmetic formulation (M) and of skin microrelief. 28865102 1 70 theme UV 145:146 arg1 filters 148:154 UV filters 145:154 UV filters 145:154 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 4 71 theme efficacy 925:932 arg1 assessment 892:901 the assessment 888:901 the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use 888:1087 Twenty female volunteers aged 39-45 years were then selected for the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use. 28865102 0 72 theme formulation 74:84 arg1 efficacy 51:58 efficacy 51:58 efficacy 51:58 Influence of UV filters on the texture profile and efficacy of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 0 72 theme formulation 74:84 arg1 profile 39:45 texture profile 31:45 texture profile 31:45 Influence of UV filters on the texture profile and efficacy of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 9 73 theme important 1686:1694 arg1 factor 1696:1701 an important factor 1683:1701 an important factor 1683:1701 Thus, we conclude that the influence of UV filters on the development of cosmetic formulations is an important factor to be considered because it can have either positive or negative effect on the efficacy of the product. 28865102 9 73 theme important 1686:1694 arg1 influence 1612:1620 the influence 1608:1620 the influence of UV filters on the development of cosmetic formulations 1608:1678 Thus, we conclude that the influence of UV filters on the development of cosmetic formulations is an important factor to be considered because it can have either positive or negative effect on the efficacy of the product. 28865102 5 74 theme microrelief 1239:1249 arg1 properties 1168:1177 the physical properties 1155:1177 the physical properties of the multifunctional cosmetic formulation (M) and of skin microrelief 1155:1249 RESULTS The presence of UV filters resulted in an improvement of the physical properties of the multifunctional cosmetic formulation (M) and of skin microrelief. 28865102 1 75 theme study 320:324 arg1 aim 308:310 the aim 304:310 the aim of this study 304:324 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 3 76 dep TA.XT 796:800 arg1 a 794:794 a 794:794 a 794:794 The texture profile of the formulations was analysed with a TA.XT plus Texturometer® . 28865102 2 77 dep polysaccharides 642:656 arg1 formulation 704:714 multifunctional formulation 688:714 multifunctional formulation 688:714 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 2 77 dep polysaccharides 642:656 arg1 M 717:717 M 717:717 M 717:717 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 9 78 from influence 1612:1620 arg1 development 1643:1653 the development 1639:1653 the development of cosmetic formulations 1639:1678 Thus, we conclude that the influence of UV filters on the development of cosmetic formulations is an important factor to be considered because it can have either positive or negative effect on the efficacy of the product. 28865102 8 79 theme other 1445:1449 arg1 hand 1451:1454 the other hand 1441:1454 the other hand 1441:1454 On the other hand, it positively influenced parameters related to the physical properties of the multifunctional formulation and skin microrelief. 28865102 5 80 dep RESULTS 1090:1096 arg1 resulted 1125:1132 resulted 1125:1132 resulted in an improvement of the physical properties of the multifunctional cosmetic formulation (M) and of skin microrelief 1125:1249 RESULTS The presence of UV filters resulted in an improvement of the physical properties of the multifunctional cosmetic formulation (M) and of skin microrelief. 28865102 2 81 contain containing 492:501 arg1 F 515:515 F 515:515 F 515:515 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 2 81 contain containing 492:501 arg1 vehicle 484:490 vehicle 484:490 vehicle containing UV filters (F) 484:516 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 2 81 contain containing 492:501 arg1 METHODS 435:441 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle 435:605 METHODS 435:441 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 2 81 contain containing 492:501 arg2 filters 506:512 UV filters 503:512 UV filters 503:512 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 4 82 theme transepidermal 973:986 arg1 TEWL 1000:1003 TEWL 1000:1003 TEWL 1000:1003 Twenty female volunteers aged 39-45 years were then selected for the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use. 28865102 4 82 theme transepidermal 973:986 arg1 loss 994:997 transepidermal water loss 973:997 transepidermal water loss (TEWL) 973:1004 Twenty female volunteers aged 39-45 years were then selected for the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use. 28865102 5 83 theme UV 1114:1115 arg1 filters 1117:1123 UV filters 1114:1123 UV filters 1114:1123 RESULTS The presence of UV filters resulted in an improvement of the physical properties of the multifunctional cosmetic formulation (M) and of skin microrelief. 28865102 2 84 dep METHODS 435:441 arg1 formulations 457:468 Four cosmetic formulations 443:468 Four cosmetic formulations 443:468 METHODS Four cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. 28865102 9 85 theme positive 1747:1754 arg1 effect 1768:1773 either positive or negative effect 1740:1773 either positive or negative effect 1740:1773 Thus, we conclude that the influence of UV filters on the development of cosmetic formulations is an important factor to be considered because it can have either positive or negative effect on the efficacy of the product. 28865102 8 86 theme microrelief 1572:1582 arg1 properties 1517:1526 the physical properties 1504:1526 the physical properties of the multifunctional formulation and skin microrelief 1504:1582 On the other hand, it positively influenced parameters related to the physical properties of the multifunctional formulation and skin microrelief. 28865102 1 87 theme products 294:301 arg1 properties 252:261 physical properties 243:261 physical properties 243:261 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 1 87 theme products 294:301 arg1 efficacy 276:283 clinical efficacy 267:283 clinical efficacy 267:283 OBJECTIVE Considering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation. 28865102 9 88 theme negative 1759:1766 arg1 effect 1768:1773 either positive or negative effect 1740:1773 either positive or negative effect 1740:1773 Thus, we conclude that the influence of UV filters on the development of cosmetic formulations is an important factor to be considered because it can have either positive or negative effect on the efficacy of the product. 28865102 8 89 theme physical 1508:1515 arg1 properties 1517:1526 the physical properties 1504:1526 the physical properties of the multifunctional formulation and skin microrelief 1504:1582 On the other hand, it positively influenced parameters related to the physical properties of the multifunctional formulation and skin microrelief. 28865102 4 90 theme corneum 1015:1021 arg1 content 1029:1035 stratum corneum water content 1007:1035 stratum corneum water content 1007:1035 Twenty female volunteers aged 39-45 years were then selected for the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use. 28865102 5 91 theme physical 1159:1166 arg1 properties 1168:1177 the physical properties 1155:1177 the physical properties of the multifunctional cosmetic formulation (M) and of skin microrelief 1155:1249 RESULTS The presence of UV filters resulted in an improvement of the physical properties of the multifunctional cosmetic formulation (M) and of skin microrelief. 27220287 2 0 theme plant 571:575 arg1 H-WWTP 578:583 a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) 536:584 a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process 536:618 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 4 1 theme protein-like 1078:1089 arg1 substances 1091:1100 the aromatic protein-like substances 1065:1100 the aromatic protein-like substances 1065:1100 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated proteins and polysaccharides were the dominant components of the two types of EPS, and the aromatic protein-like substances accounted for a larger proportion in EPS proteins. 27220287 7 2 theme Comparative 1422:1432 arg1 study 1434:1438 Comparative study 1422:1438 Comparative study on EPS of different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP 1422:1489 Comparative study on EPS of different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP was valuable for understanding the characteristics of EPS isolated from two typical wastewater treatment processes. 27220287 3 3 theme polysaccharides 674:688 arg1 contents 690:697 The proteins and polysaccharides contents 657:697 The proteins and polysaccharides contents in EPS 657:704 The proteins and polysaccharides contents in EPS were determined by using a modified Lowry method and anthrone colorimetry respectively to analyze the detail differences in two types of WWTPs. 27220287 2 4 with H-WWTP 578:583 arg1 process 612:618 anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process 591:618 anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process 591:618 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 2 4 with H-WWTP 578:583 arg1 process 524:530 anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process 493:530 anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process 493:530 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 7 5 theme different 1450:1458 arg1 tanks 1460:1464 different tanks 1450:1464 different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP 1450:1489 Comparative study on EPS of different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP was valuable for understanding the characteristics of EPS isolated from two typical wastewater treatment processes. 27220287 3 6 from differences 815:825 arg1 types 834:838 two types 830:838 two types of WWTPs 830:847 The proteins and polysaccharides contents in EPS were determined by using a modified Lowry method and anthrone colorimetry respectively to analyze the detail differences in two types of WWTPs. 27220287 2 7 theme hyperhaline 538:548 arg1 H-WWTP 578:583 a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) 536:584 a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process 536:618 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 3 8 from contents 690:697 arg1 EPS 702:704 EPS 702:704 EPS 702:704 The proteins and polysaccharides contents in EPS were determined by using a modified Lowry method and anthrone colorimetry respectively to analyze the detail differences in two types of WWTPs. 27220287 1 9 theme polymeric 197:205 arg1 EPS 219:221 EPS 219:221 EPS 219:221 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 1 9 theme polymeric 197:205 arg1 substances 207:216 extracellular polymeric substances 183:216 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 183:222 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 7 10 from tanks 1460:1464 arg1 M-WWTP 1473:1478 M-WWTP 1473:1478 M-WWTP 1473:1478 Comparative study on EPS of different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP was valuable for understanding the characteristics of EPS isolated from two typical wastewater treatment processes. 27220287 7 10 from tanks 1460:1464 arg1 H-WWTP 1484:1489 H-WWTP 1484:1489 H-WWTP 1484:1489 Comparative study on EPS of different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP was valuable for understanding the characteristics of EPS isolated from two typical wastewater treatment processes. 27220287 4 11 theme matrix 932:937 arg1 spectroscopy 952:963 three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy 894:963 three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy 894:963 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated proteins and polysaccharides were the dominant components of the two types of EPS, and the aromatic protein-like substances accounted for a larger proportion in EPS proteins. 27220287 4 12 theme EPS 1139:1141 arg1 proteins 1143:1150 EPS proteins 1139:1150 EPS proteins 1139:1150 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated proteins and polysaccharides were the dominant components of the two types of EPS, and the aromatic protein-like substances accounted for a larger proportion in EPS proteins. 27220287 3 13 theme Lowry 742:746 arg1 method 748:753 a modified Lowry method 731:753 a modified Lowry method 731:753 The proteins and polysaccharides contents in EPS were determined by using a modified Lowry method and anthrone colorimetry respectively to analyze the detail differences in two types of WWTPs. 27220287 1 14 from adsorption 261:270 arg1 stresses 387:394 external environmental stresses 364:394 external environmental stresses 364:394 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 4 15 from proportion 1125:1134 arg1 proteins 1143:1150 EPS proteins 1139:1150 EPS proteins 1139:1150 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated proteins and polysaccharides were the dominant components of the two types of EPS, and the aromatic protein-like substances accounted for a larger proportion in EPS proteins. 27220287 2 16 theme wastewater 550:559 arg1 H-WWTP 578:583 a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) 536:584 a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process 536:618 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 5 17 from EPS 1254:1256 arg1 sludge 1266:1271 oxic sludge 1261:1271 oxic sludge 1261:1271 The results of the aggregation test indicated that EPS were good for the sludge aggregation, and the EPS in oxic sludge were more beneficial to sludge aggregation than that in anoxic sludge. 27220287 7 18 attach isolated 1549:1556 arg2 EPS 1545:1547 EPS 1545:1547 EPS isolated from two typical wastewater treatment processes 1545:1604 Comparative study on EPS of different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP was valuable for understanding the characteristics of EPS isolated from two typical wastewater treatment processes. 27220287 7 18 attach isolated 1549:1556 arg1 processes 1596:1604 two typical wastewater treatment processes 1563:1604 two typical wastewater treatment processes 1563:1604 Comparative study on EPS of different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP was valuable for understanding the characteristics of EPS isolated from two typical wastewater treatment processes. 27220287 4 19 theme Fourier 850:856 arg1 spectroscopy 877:888 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 850:888 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 850:888 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated proteins and polysaccharides were the dominant components of the two types of EPS, and the aromatic protein-like substances accounted for a larger proportion in EPS proteins. 27220287 4 20 theme three-dimensional 894:910 arg1 spectroscopy 952:963 three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy 894:963 three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy 894:963 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated proteins and polysaccharides were the dominant components of the two types of EPS, and the aromatic protein-like substances accounted for a larger proportion in EPS proteins. 27220287 1 21 theme important 133:141 arg1 roles 241:245 significant roles 229:245 significant roles 229:245 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 1 21 theme important 133:141 arg1 constituents 143:154 important constituents 133:154 important constituents of activated sludge flocs 133:180 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 2 22 theme anaerobic/anoxic/oxic 493:513 arg1 process 524:530 anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process 493:530 anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process 493:530 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 5 23 theme sludge 1297:1302 arg1 aggregation 1304:1314 sludge aggregation 1297:1314 sludge aggregation 1297:1314 The results of the aggregation test indicated that EPS were good for the sludge aggregation, and the EPS in oxic sludge were more beneficial to sludge aggregation than that in anoxic sludge. 27220287 6 24 theme negligible 1381:1390 arg1 effect 1392:1397 a negligible effect 1379:1397 a negligible effect on sludge aggregation 1379:1419 Anoxic sludge EPS in H-WWTP showed a negligible effect on sludge aggregation. 27220287 7 25 theme treatment 1586:1594 arg1 processes 1596:1604 two typical wastewater treatment processes 1563:1604 two typical wastewater treatment processes 1563:1604 Comparative study on EPS of different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP was valuable for understanding the characteristics of EPS isolated from two typical wastewater treatment processes. 27220287 0 26 from aggregation 16:26 arg1 plants 122:127 hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants 75:127 hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants 75:127 Composition and aggregation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants. 27220287 5 27 theme oxic 1261:1264 arg1 sludge 1266:1271 oxic sludge 1261:1271 oxic sludge 1261:1271 The results of the aggregation test indicated that EPS were good for the sludge aggregation, and the EPS in oxic sludge were more beneficial to sludge aggregation than that in anoxic sludge. 27220287 6 28 from effect 1392:1397 arg1 aggregation 1409:1419 sludge aggregation 1402:1419 sludge aggregation 1402:1419 Anoxic sludge EPS in H-WWTP showed a negligible effect on sludge aggregation. 27220287 1 29 theme sludge 169:174 arg1 flocs 176:180 activated sludge flocs 159:180 activated sludge flocs 159:180 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 7 30 theme typical 1567:1573 arg1 processes 1596:1604 two typical wastewater treatment processes 1563:1604 two typical wastewater treatment processes 1563:1604 Comparative study on EPS of different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP was valuable for understanding the characteristics of EPS isolated from two typical wastewater treatment processes. 27220287 0 31 from Composition 0:10 arg1 plants 122:127 hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants 75:127 hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants 75:127 Composition and aggregation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants. 27220287 6 32 from EPS 1358:1360 arg1 H-WWTP 1365:1370 H-WWTP 1365:1370 H-WWTP 1365:1370 Anoxic sludge EPS in H-WWTP showed a negligible effect on sludge aggregation. 27220287 2 33 theme A/O 607:609 arg1 process 612:618 anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process 591:618 anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process 591:618 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 0 34 theme wastewater 101:110 arg1 plants 122:127 hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants 75:127 hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants 75:127 Composition and aggregation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants. 27220287 1 35 theme environmental 373:385 arg1 stresses 387:394 external environmental stresses 364:394 external environmental stresses 364:394 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 2 36 theme municipal 442:450 arg1 M-WWTP 480:485 M-WWTP 480:485 M-WWTP 480:485 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 2 36 theme municipal 442:450 arg1 plant 473:477 a municipal wastewater treatment plant 440:477 a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process 440:530 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 2 37 from plant 473:477 arg1 EPS 411:413 EPS 411:413 EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process 411:618 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 2 38 theme ultrasound 638:647 arg1 method 649:654 ultrasound method 638:654 ultrasound method 638:654 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 1 39 from stresses 387:394 arg1 maintenance 291:301 maintenance 291:301 maintenance 291:301 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 1 39 from stresses 387:394 arg1 adsorption 261:270 pollutants adsorption 250:270 pollutants adsorption 250:270 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 1 39 from stresses 387:394 arg1 formation 277:285 formation 277:285 formation 277:285 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 1 39 from stresses 387:394 arg1 microbes 350:357 microbes 350:357 microbes from external environmental stresses 350:394 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 1 39 from stresses 387:394 arg1 protection 336:345 the protection 332:345 the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses 332:394 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 2 40 theme activated 418:426 arg1 sludge 428:433 activated sludge 418:433 activated sludge 418:433 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 0 41 theme extracellular 31:43 arg1 EPS 67:69 EPS 67:69 EPS 67:69 Composition and aggregation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants. 27220287 0 41 theme extracellular 31:43 arg1 substances 55:64 extracellular polymeric substances 31:64 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 31:70 Composition and aggregation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants. 27220287 1 42 theme microbial 306:314 arg1 aggregates 316:325 microbial aggregates 306:325 microbial aggregates 306:325 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 2 43 theme treatment 463:471 arg1 M-WWTP 480:485 M-WWTP 480:485 M-WWTP 480:485 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 2 43 theme treatment 463:471 arg1 plant 473:477 a municipal wastewater treatment plant 440:477 a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process 440:530 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 0 44 theme substances 55:64 arg1 aggregation 16:26 aggregation 16:26 aggregation 16:26 Composition and aggregation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants. 27220287 0 44 theme substances 55:64 arg1 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition and aggregation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants. 27220287 5 45 theme test 1184:1187 arg1 results 1157:1163 The results 1153:1163 The results of the aggregation test 1153:1187 The results of the aggregation test indicated that EPS were good for the sludge aggregation, and the EPS in oxic sludge were more beneficial to sludge aggregation than that in anoxic sludge. 27220287 2 46 from EPS 411:413 arg1 sludge 428:433 activated sludge 418:433 activated sludge 418:433 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 4 47 theme larger 1118:1123 arg1 proportion 1125:1134 a larger proportion 1116:1134 a larger proportion in EPS proteins 1116:1150 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated proteins and polysaccharides were the dominant components of the two types of EPS, and the aromatic protein-like substances accounted for a larger proportion in EPS proteins. 27220287 4 48 theme types 1047:1051 arg1 components 1025:1034 the dominant components 1012:1034 the dominant components of the two types of EPS 1012:1058 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated proteins and polysaccharides were the dominant components of the two types of EPS, and the aromatic protein-like substances accounted for a larger proportion in EPS proteins. 27220287 4 49 theme aromatic 1069:1076 arg1 substances 1091:1100 the aromatic protein-like substances 1065:1100 the aromatic protein-like substances 1065:1100 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated proteins and polysaccharides were the dominant components of the two types of EPS, and the aromatic protein-like substances accounted for a larger proportion in EPS proteins. 27220287 5 50 theme aggregation 1172:1182 arg1 test 1184:1187 the aggregation test 1168:1187 the aggregation test 1168:1187 The results of the aggregation test indicated that EPS were good for the sludge aggregation, and the EPS in oxic sludge were more beneficial to sludge aggregation than that in anoxic sludge. 27220287 1 51 theme pollutants 250:259 arg1 adsorption 261:270 pollutants adsorption 250:270 pollutants adsorption 250:270 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 5 52 theme sludge 1226:1231 arg1 aggregation 1233:1243 the sludge aggregation 1222:1243 the sludge aggregation 1222:1243 The results of the aggregation test indicated that EPS were good for the sludge aggregation, and the EPS in oxic sludge were more beneficial to sludge aggregation than that in anoxic sludge. 27220287 7 53 theme tanks 1460:1464 arg1 EPS 1443:1445 EPS 1443:1445 EPS of different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP 1443:1489 Comparative study on EPS of different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP was valuable for understanding the characteristics of EPS isolated from two typical wastewater treatment processes. 27220287 2 54 theme treatment 561:569 arg1 H-WWTP 578:583 a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) 536:584 a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process 536:618 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 1 55 from maintenance 291:301 arg1 stresses 387:394 external environmental stresses 364:394 external environmental stresses 364:394 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 1 56 theme flocs 176:180 arg1 roles 241:245 significant roles 229:245 significant roles 229:245 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 1 56 theme flocs 176:180 arg1 constituents 143:154 important constituents 133:154 important constituents of activated sludge flocs 133:180 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 1 57 from protection 336:345 arg1 stresses 387:394 external environmental stresses 364:394 external environmental stresses 364:394 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 2 58 theme anaerobic/oxic 591:604 arg1 process 612:618 anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process 591:618 anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process 591:618 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 1 59 from formation 277:285 arg1 stresses 387:394 external environmental stresses 364:394 external environmental stresses 364:394 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 1 60 theme extracellular 183:195 arg1 EPS 219:221 EPS 219:221 EPS 219:221 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 1 60 theme extracellular 183:195 arg1 substances 207:216 extracellular polymeric substances 183:216 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 183:222 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 6 61 theme Anoxic 1344:1349 arg1 EPS 1358:1360 Anoxic sludge EPS 1344:1360 Anoxic sludge EPS in H-WWTP 1344:1370 Anoxic sludge EPS in H-WWTP showed a negligible effect on sludge aggregation. 27220287 4 62 theme excitation-emission 912:930 arg1 spectroscopy 952:963 three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy 894:963 three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy 894:963 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated proteins and polysaccharides were the dominant components of the two types of EPS, and the aromatic protein-like substances accounted for a larger proportion in EPS proteins. 27220287 7 63 from M-WWTP 1473:1478 arg1 EPS 1443:1445 EPS 1443:1445 EPS of different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP 1443:1489 Comparative study on EPS of different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP was valuable for understanding the characteristics of EPS isolated from two typical wastewater treatment processes. 27220287 4 64 theme fluorescence 939:950 arg1 spectroscopy 952:963 three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy 894:963 three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy 894:963 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated proteins and polysaccharides were the dominant components of the two types of EPS, and the aromatic protein-like substances accounted for a larger proportion in EPS proteins. 27220287 7 65 from H-WWTP 1484:1489 arg1 EPS 1443:1445 EPS 1443:1445 EPS of different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP 1443:1489 Comparative study on EPS of different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP was valuable for understanding the characteristics of EPS isolated from two typical wastewater treatment processes. 27220287 4 66 theme transform-infrared 858:875 arg1 spectroscopy 877:888 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 850:888 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 850:888 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated proteins and polysaccharides were the dominant components of the two types of EPS, and the aromatic protein-like substances accounted for a larger proportion in EPS proteins. 27220287 3 67 theme modified 733:740 arg1 method 748:753 a modified Lowry method 731:753 a modified Lowry method 731:753 The proteins and polysaccharides contents in EPS were determined by using a modified Lowry method and anthrone colorimetry respectively to analyze the detail differences in two types of WWTPs. 27220287 7 68 from EPS 1443:1445 arg1 M-WWTP 1473:1478 M-WWTP 1473:1478 M-WWTP 1473:1478 Comparative study on EPS of different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP was valuable for understanding the characteristics of EPS isolated from two typical wastewater treatment processes. 27220287 7 68 from EPS 1443:1445 arg1 H-WWTP 1484:1489 H-WWTP 1484:1489 H-WWTP 1484:1489 Comparative study on EPS of different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP was valuable for understanding the characteristics of EPS isolated from two typical wastewater treatment processes. 27220287 7 69 theme wastewater 1575:1584 arg1 processes 1596:1604 two typical wastewater treatment processes 1563:1604 two typical wastewater treatment processes 1563:1604 Comparative study on EPS of different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP was valuable for understanding the characteristics of EPS isolated from two typical wastewater treatment processes. 27220287 3 70 theme anthrone 759:766 arg1 colorimetry 768:778 anthrone colorimetry 759:778 anthrone colorimetry 759:778 The proteins and polysaccharides contents in EPS were determined by using a modified Lowry method and anthrone colorimetry respectively to analyze the detail differences in two types of WWTPs. 27220287 0 71 theme hyperhaline 75:85 arg1 plants 122:127 hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants 75:127 hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants 75:127 Composition and aggregation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants. 27220287 2 72 with plant 473:477 arg1 process 612:618 anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process 591:618 anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process 591:618 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 2 72 with plant 473:477 arg1 process 524:530 anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process 493:530 anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process 493:530 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 1 73 theme activated 159:167 arg1 flocs 176:180 activated sludge flocs 159:180 activated sludge flocs 159:180 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 7 74 from study 1434:1438 arg1 EPS 1443:1445 EPS 1443:1445 EPS of different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP 1443:1489 Comparative study on EPS of different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP was valuable for understanding the characteristics of EPS isolated from two typical wastewater treatment processes. 27220287 4 75 theme dominant 1016:1023 arg1 components 1025:1034 the dominant components 1012:1034 the dominant components of the two types of EPS 1012:1058 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated proteins and polysaccharides were the dominant components of the two types of EPS, and the aromatic protein-like substances accounted for a larger proportion in EPS proteins. 27220287 1 76 dep formation 277:285 arg1 the 273:275 the 273:275 the 273:275 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 3 77 theme detail 808:813 arg1 differences 815:825 the detail differences 804:825 the detail differences in two types of WWTPs 804:847 The proteins and polysaccharides contents in EPS were determined by using a modified Lowry method and anthrone colorimetry respectively to analyze the detail differences in two types of WWTPs. 27220287 0 78 theme municipal 91:99 arg1 plants 122:127 hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants 75:127 hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants 75:127 Composition and aggregation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants. 27220287 1 79 theme microbes 350:357 arg1 maintenance 291:301 maintenance 291:301 maintenance 291:301 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 1 79 theme microbes 350:357 arg1 adsorption 261:270 pollutants adsorption 250:270 pollutants adsorption 250:270 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 1 79 theme microbes 350:357 arg1 formation 277:285 formation 277:285 formation 277:285 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 1 79 theme microbes 350:357 arg1 protection 336:345 the protection 332:345 the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses 332:394 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 3 80 theme WWTPs 843:847 arg1 types 834:838 two types 830:838 two types of WWTPs 830:847 The proteins and polysaccharides contents in EPS were determined by using a modified Lowry method and anthrone colorimetry respectively to analyze the detail differences in two types of WWTPs. 27220287 5 81 theme anoxic 1329:1334 arg1 sludge 1336:1341 anoxic sludge 1329:1341 anoxic sludge 1329:1341 The results of the aggregation test indicated that EPS were good for the sludge aggregation, and the EPS in oxic sludge were more beneficial to sludge aggregation than that in anoxic sludge. 27220287 0 82 theme treatment 112:120 arg1 plants 122:127 hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants 75:127 hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants 75:127 Composition and aggregation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants. 27220287 1 83 theme external 364:371 arg1 stresses 387:394 external environmental stresses 364:394 external environmental stresses 364:394 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 7 84 dep M-WWTP 1473:1478 arg1 the 1469:1471 the 1469:1471 the 1469:1471 Comparative study on EPS of different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP was valuable for understanding the characteristics of EPS isolated from two typical wastewater treatment processes. 27220287 2 85 from H-WWTP 578:583 arg1 EPS 411:413 EPS 411:413 EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process 411:618 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 0 86 theme polymeric 45:53 arg1 EPS 67:69 EPS 67:69 EPS 67:69 Composition and aggregation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants. 27220287 0 86 theme polymeric 45:53 arg1 substances 55:64 extracellular polymeric substances 31:64 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 31:70 Composition and aggregation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants. 27220287 7 87 theme EPS 1545:1547 arg1 characteristics 1526:1540 the characteristics 1522:1540 the characteristics of EPS isolated from two typical wastewater treatment processes 1522:1604 Comparative study on EPS of different tanks in the M-WWTP and H-WWTP was valuable for understanding the characteristics of EPS isolated from two typical wastewater treatment processes. 27220287 6 88 theme sludge 1351:1356 arg1 EPS 1358:1360 Anoxic sludge EPS 1344:1360 Anoxic sludge EPS in H-WWTP 1344:1370 Anoxic sludge EPS in H-WWTP showed a negligible effect on sludge aggregation. 27220287 6 89 theme sludge 1402:1407 arg1 aggregation 1409:1419 sludge aggregation 1402:1419 sludge aggregation 1402:1419 Anoxic sludge EPS in H-WWTP showed a negligible effect on sludge aggregation. 27220287 1 90 theme aggregates 316:325 arg1 maintenance 291:301 maintenance 291:301 maintenance 291:301 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 1 90 theme aggregates 316:325 arg1 adsorption 261:270 pollutants adsorption 250:270 pollutants adsorption 250:270 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 1 90 theme aggregates 316:325 arg1 formation 277:285 formation 277:285 formation 277:285 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 1 90 theme aggregates 316:325 arg1 protection 336:345 the protection 332:345 the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses 332:394 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 2 91 theme wastewater 452:461 arg1 M-WWTP 480:485 M-WWTP 480:485 M-WWTP 480:485 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 2 91 theme wastewater 452:461 arg1 plant 473:477 a municipal wastewater treatment plant 440:477 a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process 440:530 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 2 92 dep anaerobic/anoxic/oxic 493:513 arg1 A 516:516 A(2)/O 516:521 A(2)/O 516:521 In this work, EPS in activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (M-WWTP) with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process and a hyperhaline wastewater treatment plant (H-WWTP) with anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process were extracted by ultrasound method. 27220287 1 93 theme significant 229:239 arg1 roles 241:245 significant roles 229:245 significant roles 229:245 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 1 93 theme significant 229:239 arg1 constituents 143:154 important constituents 133:154 important constituents of activated sludge flocs 133:180 As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of microbial aggregates, and the protection of microbes from external environmental stresses. 27220287 3 94 theme proteins 661:668 arg1 contents 690:697 The proteins and polysaccharides contents 657:697 The proteins and polysaccharides contents in EPS 657:704 The proteins and polysaccharides contents in EPS were determined by using a modified Lowry method and anthrone colorimetry respectively to analyze the detail differences in two types of WWTPs. 27220287 4 95 theme EPS 1056:1058 arg1 types 1047:1051 the two types 1039:1051 the two types of EPS 1039:1058 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated proteins and polysaccharides were the dominant components of the two types of EPS, and the aromatic protein-like substances accounted for a larger proportion in EPS proteins. 24147723 6 0 theme galectin-3-based 921:936 arg1 complexes 938:946 galectin-3-based complexes 921:946 galectin-3-based complexes 921:946 This indicates that variations in the binding specificity to distinct glycans can be observed by altering the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes by interaction with the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin was also obliterated at acidic pH and the ligand-binding affinity itself was modulated by oligomerization of the lectin. 24147723 5 1 theme partner 668:674 arg1 N-acetyl-D-lactosamine 676:697 the strong interaction partner N-acetyl-D-lactosamine 645:697 the strong interaction partner N-acetyl-D-lactosamine 645:697 Binding to the strong interaction partner N-acetyl-D-lactosamine was also lost at pH 5.0, whereas the less efficient ligand lactose was still able to bind. 24147723 8 2 theme environmental 1530:1542 arg1 pH 1544:1545 the environmental pH 1526:1545 the environmental pH 1526:1545 In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that the formation and composition of galectin-3 networks can be fine-tuned by changes in the environmental pH. 24147723 0 3 theme pH 67:68 arg1 variations 70:79 pH variations 67:79 pH variations 67:79 Ligand binding and complex formation of galectin-3 is modulated by pH variations. 24147723 6 4 theme binding 828:834 arg1 specificity 836:846 the binding specificity 824:846 the binding specificity to distinct glycans 824:866 This indicates that variations in the binding specificity to distinct glycans can be observed by altering the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes by interaction with the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin was also obliterated at acidic pH and the ligand-binding affinity itself was modulated by oligomerization of the lectin. 24147723 6 5 with interaction 951:961 arg1 glycoproteins 984:996 the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin 968:1024 the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin 968:1024 This indicates that variations in the binding specificity to distinct glycans can be observed by altering the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes by interaction with the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin was also obliterated at acidic pH and the ligand-binding affinity itself was modulated by oligomerization of the lectin. 24147723 6 5 with interaction 951:961 arg1 transferrin 1014:1024 transferrin 1014:1024 transferrin 1014:1024 This indicates that variations in the binding specificity to distinct glycans can be observed by altering the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes by interaction with the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin was also obliterated at acidic pH and the ligand-binding affinity itself was modulated by oligomerization of the lectin. 24147723 6 5 with interaction 951:961 arg1 asialofetuin 998:1009 asialofetuin 998:1009 asialofetuin 998:1009 This indicates that variations in the binding specificity to distinct glycans can be observed by altering the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes by interaction with the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin was also obliterated at acidic pH and the ligand-binding affinity itself was modulated by oligomerization of the lectin. 24147723 6 6 dep formation 908:916 arg1 pH. 900:902 the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes 896:946 the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes 896:946 This indicates that variations in the binding specificity to distinct glycans can be observed by altering the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes by interaction with the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin was also obliterated at acidic pH and the ligand-binding affinity itself was modulated by oligomerization of the lectin. 24147723 5 7 theme efficient 741:749 arg1 lactose 758:764 the less efficient ligand lactose 732:764 the less efficient ligand lactose 732:764 Binding to the strong interaction partner N-acetyl-D-lactosamine was also lost at pH 5.0, whereas the less efficient ligand lactose was still able to bind. 24147723 5 7 theme efficient 741:749 arg1 able 776:779 able 776:779 able 776:779 Binding to the strong interaction partner N-acetyl-D-lactosamine was also lost at pH 5.0, whereas the less efficient ligand lactose was still able to bind. 24147723 4 8 theme galectin-3 530:539 arg1 affinities 541:550 decreasing galectin-3 affinities 519:550 decreasing galectin-3 affinities 519:550 Using a fluorescence anisotropy assay we measured decreasing galectin-3 affinities to the blood group antigen GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc under low pH conditions. 24147723 8 9 theme networks 1485:1492 arg1 composition 1459:1469 composition 1459:1469 composition 1459:1469 In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that the formation and composition of galectin-3 networks can be fine-tuned by changes in the environmental pH. 24147723 8 9 theme networks 1485:1492 arg1 formation 1445:1453 formation 1445:1453 formation 1445:1453 In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that the formation and composition of galectin-3 networks can be fine-tuned by changes in the environmental pH. 24147723 4 10 theme low 615:617 arg1 conditions 622:631 low pH conditions 615:631 low pH conditions 615:631 Using a fluorescence anisotropy assay we measured decreasing galectin-3 affinities to the blood group antigen GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc under low pH conditions. 24147723 5 11 theme ligand 751:756 arg1 lactose 758:764 the less efficient ligand lactose 732:764 the less efficient ligand lactose 732:764 Binding to the strong interaction partner N-acetyl-D-lactosamine was also lost at pH 5.0, whereas the less efficient ligand lactose was still able to bind. 24147723 5 11 theme ligand 751:756 arg1 able 776:779 able 776:779 able 776:779 Binding to the strong interaction partner N-acetyl-D-lactosamine was also lost at pH 5.0, whereas the less efficient ligand lactose was still able to bind. 24147723 4 12 theme anisotropy 490:499 arg1 assay 501:505 a fluorescence anisotropy assay 475:505 a fluorescence anisotropy assay 475:505 Using a fluorescence anisotropy assay we measured decreasing galectin-3 affinities to the blood group antigen GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc under low pH conditions. 24147723 4 13 theme fluorescence 477:488 arg1 assay 501:505 a fluorescence anisotropy assay 475:505 a fluorescence anisotropy assay 475:505 Using a fluorescence anisotropy assay we measured decreasing galectin-3 affinities to the blood group antigen GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc under low pH conditions. 24147723 2 14 theme subcellular 280:290 arg1 domains 292:298 subcellular domains 280:298 subcellular domains 280:298 Incorporation into membrane proximal networks can fix glycoproteins within subcellular domains or sort them into distinct transport pathways. 24147723 3 15 theme present 354:360 arg1 paper 362:366 the present paper 350:366 the present paper 350:366 In the present paper we analysed the effect of acidification on the sugar binding and self-oligomerization of galectin-3. 24147723 3 16 from effect 384:389 arg1 self-oligomerization 433:452 self-oligomerization 433:452 self-oligomerization 433:452 In the present paper we analysed the effect of acidification on the sugar binding and self-oligomerization of galectin-3. 24147723 3 16 from effect 384:389 arg1 binding 421:427 sugar binding 415:427 sugar binding 415:427 In the present paper we analysed the effect of acidification on the sugar binding and self-oligomerization of galectin-3. 24147723 8 17 dep formation 1445:1453 arg1 the 1441:1443 the 1441:1443 the 1441:1443 In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that the formation and composition of galectin-3 networks can be fine-tuned by changes in the environmental pH. 24147723 0 18 theme Ligand 0:5 arg1 binding 7:13 Ligand binding 0:13 Ligand binding 0:13 Ligand binding and complex formation of galectin-3 is modulated by pH variations. 24147723 6 19 from variations 810:819 arg1 specificity 836:846 the binding specificity 824:846 the binding specificity to distinct glycans 824:866 This indicates that variations in the binding specificity to distinct glycans can be observed by altering the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes by interaction with the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin was also obliterated at acidic pH and the ligand-binding affinity itself was modulated by oligomerization of the lectin. 24147723 7 20 theme pH 1252:1253 arg1 modulation 1255:1264 pH modulation 1252:1264 pH modulation 1252:1264 When galectin-3 was added to giant plasma membrane vesicles from the apical surface of epithelial cells, pH modulation could generate or eliminate the formation of membrane domains enriched with p75(NTR) (neurotrophin receptor p75). 24147723 5 21 theme strong 649:654 arg1 partner 668:674 the strong interaction partner 645:674 the strong interaction partner N-acetyl-D-lactosamine 645:697 Binding to the strong interaction partner N-acetyl-D-lactosamine was also lost at pH 5.0, whereas the less efficient ligand lactose was still able to bind. 24147723 2 22 theme distinct 318:325 arg1 pathways 337:344 distinct transport pathways 318:344 distinct transport pathways 318:344 Incorporation into membrane proximal networks can fix glycoproteins within subcellular domains or sort them into distinct transport pathways. 24147723 1 23 theme distinct 164:171 arg1 organelles 173:182 distinct organelles 164:182 distinct organelles of eukaryotic cells 164:202 Galectin-3-dependent clusters or lattices are formed at the surface as well as in distinct organelles of eukaryotic cells. 24147723 2 24 gly glycoproteins 259:271 arg1 glycoproteins 259:271 glycoproteins 259:271 glycoproteins 259:271 Incorporation into membrane proximal networks can fix glycoproteins within subcellular domains or sort them into distinct transport pathways. 24147723 4 25 theme GalNAcα1-3 579:588 arg1 Galβ1-4Glc 598:607 the blood group antigen GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc 555:607 the blood group antigen GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc 555:607 Using a fluorescence anisotropy assay we measured decreasing galectin-3 affinities to the blood group antigen GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc under low pH conditions. 24147723 5 26 theme interaction 656:666 arg1 partner 668:674 the strong interaction partner 645:674 the strong interaction partner N-acetyl-D-lactosamine 645:697 Binding to the strong interaction partner N-acetyl-D-lactosamine was also lost at pH 5.0, whereas the less efficient ligand lactose was still able to bind. 24147723 1 27 theme Galectin-3-dependent 82:101 arg1 clusters 103:110 Galectin-3-dependent clusters 82:110 Galectin-3-dependent clusters 82:110 Galectin-3-dependent clusters or lattices are formed at the surface as well as in distinct organelles of eukaryotic cells. 24147723 0 28 theme complex 19:25 arg1 formation 27:35 complex formation 19:35 complex formation 19:35 Ligand binding and complex formation of galectin-3 is modulated by pH variations. 24147723 4 29 theme antigen 571:577 arg1 Galβ1-4Glc 598:607 the blood group antigen GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc 555:607 the blood group antigen GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc 555:607 Using a fluorescence anisotropy assay we measured decreasing galectin-3 affinities to the blood group antigen GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc under low pH conditions. 24147723 6 30 gly glycoproteins 984:996 arg1 glycoproteins 984:996 the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin 968:1024 the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin 968:1024 This indicates that variations in the binding specificity to distinct glycans can be observed by altering the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes by interaction with the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin was also obliterated at acidic pH and the ligand-binding affinity itself was modulated by oligomerization of the lectin. 24147723 6 30 gly glycoproteins 984:996 arg1 transferrin 1014:1024 transferrin 1014:1024 transferrin 1014:1024 This indicates that variations in the binding specificity to distinct glycans can be observed by altering the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes by interaction with the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin was also obliterated at acidic pH and the ligand-binding affinity itself was modulated by oligomerization of the lectin. 24147723 6 30 gly glycoproteins 984:996 arg1 asialofetuin 998:1009 asialofetuin 998:1009 asialofetuin 998:1009 This indicates that variations in the binding specificity to distinct glycans can be observed by altering the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes by interaction with the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin was also obliterated at acidic pH and the ligand-binding affinity itself was modulated by oligomerization of the lectin. 24147723 6 31 theme ligand-binding 1068:1081 arg1 affinity 1083:1090 the ligand-binding affinity 1064:1090 the ligand-binding affinity itself 1064:1097 This indicates that variations in the binding specificity to distinct glycans can be observed by altering the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes by interaction with the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin was also obliterated at acidic pH and the ligand-binding affinity itself was modulated by oligomerization of the lectin. 24147723 3 32 dep binding 421:427 arg1 the 411:413 the 411:413 the 411:413 In the present paper we analysed the effect of acidification on the sugar binding and self-oligomerization of galectin-3. 24147723 4 33 theme Fucα1-2 590:596 arg1 Galβ1-4Glc 598:607 the blood group antigen GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc 555:607 the blood group antigen GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc 555:607 Using a fluorescence anisotropy assay we measured decreasing galectin-3 affinities to the blood group antigen GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc under low pH conditions. 24147723 7 34 from surface 1223:1229 arg1 vesicles 1198:1205 giant plasma membrane vesicles 1176:1205 giant plasma membrane vesicles from the apical surface of epithelial cells 1176:1249 When galectin-3 was added to giant plasma membrane vesicles from the apical surface of epithelial cells, pH modulation could generate or eliminate the formation of membrane domains enriched with p75(NTR) (neurotrophin receptor p75). 24147723 1 35 theme eukaryotic 187:196 arg1 cells 198:202 eukaryotic cells 187:202 eukaryotic cells 187:202 Galectin-3-dependent clusters or lattices are formed at the surface as well as in distinct organelles of eukaryotic cells. 24147723 7 36 theme plasma 1182:1187 arg1 vesicles 1198:1205 giant plasma membrane vesicles 1176:1205 giant plasma membrane vesicles from the apical surface of epithelial cells 1176:1249 When galectin-3 was added to giant plasma membrane vesicles from the apical surface of epithelial cells, pH modulation could generate or eliminate the formation of membrane domains enriched with p75(NTR) (neurotrophin receptor p75). 24147723 6 37 theme multivalent 972:982 arg1 glycoproteins 984:996 the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin 968:1024 the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin 968:1024 This indicates that variations in the binding specificity to distinct glycans can be observed by altering the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes by interaction with the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin was also obliterated at acidic pH and the ligand-binding affinity itself was modulated by oligomerization of the lectin. 24147723 6 37 theme multivalent 972:982 arg1 transferrin 1014:1024 transferrin 1014:1024 transferrin 1014:1024 This indicates that variations in the binding specificity to distinct glycans can be observed by altering the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes by interaction with the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin was also obliterated at acidic pH and the ligand-binding affinity itself was modulated by oligomerization of the lectin. 24147723 6 37 theme multivalent 972:982 arg1 asialofetuin 998:1009 asialofetuin 998:1009 asialofetuin 998:1009 This indicates that variations in the binding specificity to distinct glycans can be observed by altering the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes by interaction with the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin was also obliterated at acidic pH and the ligand-binding affinity itself was modulated by oligomerization of the lectin. 24147723 1 38 theme cells 198:202 arg1 organelles 173:182 distinct organelles 164:182 distinct organelles of eukaryotic cells 164:202 Galectin-3-dependent clusters or lattices are formed at the surface as well as in distinct organelles of eukaryotic cells. 24147723 2 39 theme proximal 233:240 arg1 networks 242:249 membrane proximal networks 224:249 membrane proximal networks 224:249 Incorporation into membrane proximal networks can fix glycoproteins within subcellular domains or sort them into distinct transport pathways. 24147723 3 40 theme galectin-3 457:466 arg1 self-oligomerization 433:452 self-oligomerization 433:452 self-oligomerization 433:452 In the present paper we analysed the effect of acidification on the sugar binding and self-oligomerization of galectin-3. 24147723 3 40 theme galectin-3 457:466 arg1 binding 421:427 sugar binding 415:427 sugar binding 415:427 In the present paper we analysed the effect of acidification on the sugar binding and self-oligomerization of galectin-3. 24147723 3 41 theme sugar 415:419 arg1 binding 421:427 sugar binding 415:427 sugar binding 415:427 In the present paper we analysed the effect of acidification on the sugar binding and self-oligomerization of galectin-3. 24147723 7 42 theme membrane 1189:1196 arg1 vesicles 1198:1205 giant plasma membrane vesicles 1176:1205 giant plasma membrane vesicles from the apical surface of epithelial cells 1176:1249 When galectin-3 was added to giant plasma membrane vesicles from the apical surface of epithelial cells, pH modulation could generate or eliminate the formation of membrane domains enriched with p75(NTR) (neurotrophin receptor p75). 24147723 2 43 theme membrane 224:231 arg1 networks 242:249 membrane proximal networks 224:249 membrane proximal networks 224:249 Incorporation into membrane proximal networks can fix glycoproteins within subcellular domains or sort them into distinct transport pathways. 24147723 4 44 dep measured 510:517 arg1 Using 469:473 Using 469:473 Using a fluorescence anisotropy assay 469:505 Using a fluorescence anisotropy assay we measured decreasing galectin-3 affinities to the blood group antigen GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc under low pH conditions. 24147723 3 45 theme acidification 394:406 arg1 effect 384:389 the effect 380:389 the effect of acidification on the sugar binding and self-oligomerization of galectin-3 380:466 In the present paper we analysed the effect of acidification on the sugar binding and self-oligomerization of galectin-3. 24147723 7 46 theme epithelial 1234:1243 arg1 cells 1245:1249 epithelial cells 1234:1249 epithelial cells 1234:1249 When galectin-3 was added to giant plasma membrane vesicles from the apical surface of epithelial cells, pH modulation could generate or eliminate the formation of membrane domains enriched with p75(NTR) (neurotrophin receptor p75). 24147723 8 47 theme present 1414:1420 arg1 study 1422:1426 the present study 1410:1426 the present study 1410:1426 In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that the formation and composition of galectin-3 networks can be fine-tuned by changes in the environmental pH. 24147723 8 48 from changes 1515:1521 arg1 pH 1544:1545 the environmental pH 1526:1545 the environmental pH 1526:1545 In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that the formation and composition of galectin-3 networks can be fine-tuned by changes in the environmental pH. 24147723 7 49 theme membrane 1311:1318 arg1 domains 1320:1326 membrane domains 1311:1326 membrane domains enriched with p75(NTR) (neurotrophin receptor p75) 1311:1377 When galectin-3 was added to giant plasma membrane vesicles from the apical surface of epithelial cells, pH modulation could generate or eliminate the formation of membrane domains enriched with p75(NTR) (neurotrophin receptor p75). 24147723 0 50 theme galectin-3 40:49 arg1 binding 7:13 Ligand binding 0:13 Ligand binding 0:13 Ligand binding and complex formation of galectin-3 is modulated by pH variations. 24147723 0 50 theme galectin-3 40:49 arg1 formation 27:35 complex formation 19:35 complex formation 19:35 Ligand binding and complex formation of galectin-3 is modulated by pH variations. 24147723 4 51 theme group 565:569 arg1 Galβ1-4Glc 598:607 the blood group antigen GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc 555:607 the blood group antigen GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc 555:607 Using a fluorescence anisotropy assay we measured decreasing galectin-3 affinities to the blood group antigen GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc under low pH conditions. 24147723 6 52 theme complexes 938:946 arg1 formation 908:916 The formation 904:916 the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes 896:946 This indicates that variations in the binding specificity to distinct glycans can be observed by altering the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes by interaction with the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin was also obliterated at acidic pH and the ligand-binding affinity itself was modulated by oligomerization of the lectin. 24147723 6 53 dep glycoproteins 984:996 arg1 glycoproteins 984:996 the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin 968:1024 the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin 968:1024 This indicates that variations in the binding specificity to distinct glycans can be observed by altering the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes by interaction with the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin was also obliterated at acidic pH and the ligand-binding affinity itself was modulated by oligomerization of the lectin. 24147723 6 53 dep glycoproteins 984:996 arg1 transferrin 1014:1024 transferrin 1014:1024 transferrin 1014:1024 This indicates that variations in the binding specificity to distinct glycans can be observed by altering the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes by interaction with the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin was also obliterated at acidic pH and the ligand-binding affinity itself was modulated by oligomerization of the lectin. 24147723 6 53 dep glycoproteins 984:996 arg1 asialofetuin 998:1009 asialofetuin 998:1009 asialofetuin 998:1009 This indicates that variations in the binding specificity to distinct glycans can be observed by altering the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes by interaction with the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin was also obliterated at acidic pH and the ligand-binding affinity itself was modulated by oligomerization of the lectin. 24147723 8 54 theme galectin-3 1474:1483 arg1 networks 1485:1492 galectin-3 networks 1474:1492 galectin-3 networks 1474:1492 In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that the formation and composition of galectin-3 networks can be fine-tuned by changes in the environmental pH. 24147723 7 55 theme domains 1320:1326 arg1 formation 1298:1306 the formation 1294:1306 the formation of membrane domains enriched with p75(NTR) (neurotrophin receptor p75) 1294:1377 When galectin-3 was added to giant plasma membrane vesicles from the apical surface of epithelial cells, pH modulation could generate or eliminate the formation of membrane domains enriched with p75(NTR) (neurotrophin receptor p75). 24147723 4 56 theme blood 559:563 arg1 Galβ1-4Glc 598:607 the blood group antigen GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc 555:607 the blood group antigen GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc 555:607 Using a fluorescence anisotropy assay we measured decreasing galectin-3 affinities to the blood group antigen GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc under low pH conditions. 24147723 6 57 theme distinct 851:858 arg1 glycans 860:866 distinct glycans 851:866 distinct glycans 851:866 This indicates that variations in the binding specificity to distinct glycans can be observed by altering the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes by interaction with the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin was also obliterated at acidic pH and the ligand-binding affinity itself was modulated by oligomerization of the lectin. 24147723 7 58 theme giant 1176:1180 arg1 vesicles 1198:1205 giant plasma membrane vesicles 1176:1205 giant plasma membrane vesicles from the apical surface of epithelial cells 1176:1249 When galectin-3 was added to giant plasma membrane vesicles from the apical surface of epithelial cells, pH modulation could generate or eliminate the formation of membrane domains enriched with p75(NTR) (neurotrophin receptor p75). 24147723 8 59 theme study 1422:1426 arg1 results 1399:1405 the results 1395:1405 the results of the present study 1395:1426 In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that the formation and composition of galectin-3 networks can be fine-tuned by changes in the environmental pH. 24147723 2 60 theme transport 327:335 arg1 pathways 337:344 distinct transport pathways 318:344 distinct transport pathways 318:344 Incorporation into membrane proximal networks can fix glycoproteins within subcellular domains or sort them into distinct transport pathways. 24147723 4 61 theme pH 619:620 arg1 conditions 622:631 low pH conditions 615:631 low pH conditions 615:631 Using a fluorescence anisotropy assay we measured decreasing galectin-3 affinities to the blood group antigen GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc under low pH conditions. 24147723 7 62 theme receptor 1365:1372 arg1 p75 1342:1344 p75 1342:1344 p75(NTR) (neurotrophin receptor p75) 1342:1377 When galectin-3 was added to giant plasma membrane vesicles from the apical surface of epithelial cells, pH modulation could generate or eliminate the formation of membrane domains enriched with p75(NTR) (neurotrophin receptor p75). 24147723 7 62 theme receptor 1365:1372 arg1 p75 1374:1376 neurotrophin receptor p75 1352:1376 neurotrophin receptor p75 1352:1376 When galectin-3 was added to giant plasma membrane vesicles from the apical surface of epithelial cells, pH modulation could generate or eliminate the formation of membrane domains enriched with p75(NTR) (neurotrophin receptor p75). 24147723 7 63 theme neurotrophin 1352:1363 arg1 p75 1342:1344 p75 1342:1344 p75(NTR) (neurotrophin receptor p75) 1342:1377 When galectin-3 was added to giant plasma membrane vesicles from the apical surface of epithelial cells, pH modulation could generate or eliminate the formation of membrane domains enriched with p75(NTR) (neurotrophin receptor p75). 24147723 7 63 theme neurotrophin 1352:1363 arg1 p75 1374:1376 neurotrophin receptor p75 1352:1376 neurotrophin receptor p75 1352:1376 When galectin-3 was added to giant plasma membrane vesicles from the apical surface of epithelial cells, pH modulation could generate or eliminate the formation of membrane domains enriched with p75(NTR) (neurotrophin receptor p75). 24147723 6 64 theme acidic 1050:1055 arg1 pH 1057:1058 acidic pH 1050:1058 acidic pH 1050:1058 This indicates that variations in the binding specificity to distinct glycans can be observed by altering the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes by interaction with the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin was also obliterated at acidic pH and the ligand-binding affinity itself was modulated by oligomerization of the lectin. 24147723 4 65 theme decreasing 519:528 arg1 affinities 541:550 decreasing galectin-3 affinities 519:550 decreasing galectin-3 affinities 519:550 Using a fluorescence anisotropy assay we measured decreasing galectin-3 affinities to the blood group antigen GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc under low pH conditions. 24147723 6 66 theme lectin 1139:1144 arg1 oligomerization 1116:1130 oligomerization 1116:1130 oligomerization of the lectin 1116:1144 This indicates that variations in the binding specificity to distinct glycans can be observed by altering the pH. The formation of galectin-3-based complexes by interaction with the multivalent glycoproteins asialofetuin or transferrin was also obliterated at acidic pH and the ligand-binding affinity itself was modulated by oligomerization of the lectin. 24147723 7 67 theme apical 1216:1221 arg1 surface 1223:1229 the apical surface 1212:1229 the apical surface of epithelial cells 1212:1249 When galectin-3 was added to giant plasma membrane vesicles from the apical surface of epithelial cells, pH modulation could generate or eliminate the formation of membrane domains enriched with p75(NTR) (neurotrophin receptor p75). 24147723 7 68 theme cells 1245:1249 arg1 surface 1223:1229 the apical surface 1212:1229 the apical surface of epithelial cells 1212:1249 When galectin-3 was added to giant plasma membrane vesicles from the apical surface of epithelial cells, pH modulation could generate or eliminate the formation of membrane domains enriched with p75(NTR) (neurotrophin receptor p75). 28431467 2 0 theme immunoglobulin 451:464 arg1 part 435:438 the Fc part 428:438 the Fc part of a mouse immunoglobulin in two different cells 428:487 Both are recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins, produced by fusing the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) to the Fc part of a mouse immunoglobulin in two different cells. 28431467 7 1 theme PMMA 1048:1051 arg1 surfaces 1053:1060 mucin-coated PMMA surfaces 1035:1060 mucin-coated PMMA surfaces 1035:1060 Atomic force microscopy with colloidal probe was employed to study surface and friction forces between mucin-coated PMMA surfaces. 28431467 10 2 theme friction 1284:1291 arg1 lower 1330:1334 lower 1330:1334 lower 1330:1334 The friction force between C-PSLex-coated PMMA is lower than that between C-P55-coated PMMA at low loads, but vice versa at high loads. 28431467 10 2 theme friction 1284:1291 arg1 force 1293:1297 The friction force 1280:1297 The friction force between C-PSLex-coated PMMA 1280:1325 The friction force between C-PSLex-coated PMMA is lower than that between C-P55-coated PMMA at low loads, but vice versa at high loads. 28431467 1 3 theme brush-with-anchor 148:164 arg1 C-PSLex 184:190 C-PSLex 184:190 C-PSLex 184:190 Interfacial properties of two brush-with-anchor mucins, C-P55 and C-PSLex, have been investigated at the aqueous solution/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) interface. 28431467 1 3 theme brush-with-anchor 148:164 arg1 C-P55 174:178 C-P55 174:178 C-P55 174:178 Interfacial properties of two brush-with-anchor mucins, C-P55 and C-PSLex, have been investigated at the aqueous solution/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) interface. 28431467 1 3 theme brush-with-anchor 148:164 arg1 mucins 166:171 two brush-with-anchor mucins 144:171 two brush-with-anchor mucins 144:171 Interfacial properties of two brush-with-anchor mucins, C-P55 and C-PSLex, have been investigated at the aqueous solution/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) interface. 28431467 6 4 theme mucin 918:922 arg1 layers 924:929 these two mucin layers 908:929 these two mucin layers 908:929 The sensed mass, including the adsorbed mucin and water trapped in the layer, was found to be similar for these two mucin layers. 28431467 2 5 theme mouse 445:449 arg1 immunoglobulin 451:464 a mouse immunoglobulin 443:464 a mouse immunoglobulin 443:464 Both are recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins, produced by fusing the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) to the Fc part of a mouse immunoglobulin in two different cells. 28431467 7 6 theme mucin-coated 1035:1046 arg1 surfaces 1053:1060 mucin-coated PMMA surfaces 1035:1060 mucin-coated PMMA surfaces 1035:1060 Atomic force microscopy with colloidal probe was employed to study surface and friction forces between mucin-coated PMMA surfaces. 28431467 7 7 theme surface 999:1005 arg1 forces 1020:1025 surface and friction forces 999:1025 forces 1020:1025 Atomic force microscopy with colloidal probe was employed to study surface and friction forces between mucin-coated PMMA surfaces. 28431467 8 8 theme origin 1097:1102 arg1 forces 1080:1085 Purely repulsive forces 1063:1085 Purely repulsive forces of steric origin 1063:1102 Purely repulsive forces of steric origin were observed between mucin layers on compression, whereas a small adhesion was detected between both mucin layers on decompression. 28431467 1 9 theme mucins 166:171 arg1 properties 130:139 Interfacial properties 118:139 Interfacial properties of two brush-with-anchor mucins, C-P55 and C-PSLex, 118:191 Interfacial properties of two brush-with-anchor mucins, C-P55 and C-PSLex, have been investigated at the aqueous solution/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) interface. 28431467 1 10 theme methyl 245:250 arg1 solution/poly 231:243 aqueous solution/poly 223:243 the aqueous solution/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) interface 219:281 Interfacial properties of two brush-with-anchor mucins, C-P55 and C-PSLex, have been investigated at the aqueous solution/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) interface. 28431467 1 10 theme methyl 245:250 arg1 methacrylate 252:263 methyl methacrylate 245:263 methyl methacrylate 245:263 Interfacial properties of two brush-with-anchor mucins, C-P55 and C-PSLex, have been investigated at the aqueous solution/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) interface. 28431467 8 11 theme steric 1090:1095 arg1 origin 1097:1102 steric origin 1090:1102 steric origin 1090:1102 Purely repulsive forces of steric origin were observed between mucin layers on compression, whereas a small adhesion was detected between both mucin layers on decompression. 28431467 0 12 from Influence 0:8 arg1 Properties 42:51 Interfacial Properties 30:51 Interfacial Properties of Recombinant Mucins 30:73 Influence of Glycosylation on Interfacial Properties of Recombinant Mucins: Adsorption, Surface Forces, and Friction. 28431467 10 13 theme low 1375:1377 arg1 loads 1379:1383 low loads 1375:1383 low loads 1375:1383 The friction force between C-PSLex-coated PMMA is lower than that between C-P55-coated PMMA at low loads, but vice versa at high loads. 28431467 11 14 theme differences 1455:1465 arg1 terms 1442:1446 terms 1442:1446 terms of the differences in the glycosylation composition of these two mucins 1442:1518 We discuss our results in terms of the differences in the glycosylation composition of these two mucins. 28431467 4 15 theme O-glycans 559:567 arg1 Analysis 543:550 Analysis 543:550 Analysis of the O-glycans 543:567 Analysis of the O-glycans shows that the C-PSLex mucin has the longer and more branched side chains, but C-P55 has slightly higher sialic acid content. 28431467 0 16 theme Surface 88:94 arg1 Forces 96:101 Surface Forces 88:101 Surface Forces 88:101 Influence of Glycosylation on Interfacial Properties of Recombinant Mucins: Adsorption, Surface Forces, and Friction. 28431467 2 17 from part 435:438 arg1 cells 483:487 two different cells 469:487 two different cells 469:487 Both are recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins, produced by fusing the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) to the Fc part of a mouse immunoglobulin in two different cells. 28431467 2 18 gly glycoprotein 394:405 arg1 glycoprotein 394:405 P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 383:414 P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) 383:423 Both are recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins, produced by fusing the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) to the Fc part of a mouse immunoglobulin in two different cells. 28431467 4 19 theme sialic 674:679 arg1 content 686:692 slightly higher sialic acid content 658:692 slightly higher sialic acid content 658:692 Analysis of the O-glycans shows that the C-PSLex mucin has the longer and more branched side chains, but C-P55 has slightly higher sialic acid content. 28431467 4 20 theme higher 667:672 arg1 content 686:692 slightly higher sialic acid content 658:692 slightly higher sialic acid content 658:692 Analysis of the O-glycans shows that the C-PSLex mucin has the longer and more branched side chains, but C-P55 has slightly higher sialic acid content. 28431467 6 21 theme adsorbed 833:840 arg1 mucin 842:846 the adsorbed mucin 829:846 the adsorbed mucin 829:846 The sensed mass, including the adsorbed mucin and water trapped in the layer, was found to be similar for these two mucin layers. 28431467 7 22 theme friction 1011:1018 arg1 forces 1020:1025 surface and friction forces 999:1025 forces 1020:1025 Atomic force microscopy with colloidal probe was employed to study surface and friction forces between mucin-coated PMMA surfaces. 28431467 4 23 theme side 631:634 arg1 chains 636:641 the longer and more branched side chains 602:641 the longer and more branched side chains 602:641 Analysis of the O-glycans shows that the C-PSLex mucin has the longer and more branched side chains, but C-P55 has slightly higher sialic acid content. 28431467 7 24 with microscopy 945:954 arg1 probe 971:975 colloidal probe 961:975 colloidal probe 961:975 Atomic force microscopy with colloidal probe was employed to study surface and friction forces between mucin-coated PMMA surfaces. 28431467 2 25 theme different 473:481 arg1 cells 483:487 two different cells 469:487 two different cells 469:487 Both are recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins, produced by fusing the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) to the Fc part of a mouse immunoglobulin in two different cells. 28431467 4 26 contain has 654:656 arg1 C-P55 648:652 C-P55 648:652 C-P55 648:652 Analysis of the O-glycans shows that the C-PSLex mucin has the longer and more branched side chains, but C-P55 has slightly higher sialic acid content. 28431467 4 26 contain has 654:656 arg2 content 686:692 slightly higher sialic acid content 658:692 slightly higher sialic acid content 658:692 Analysis of the O-glycans shows that the C-PSLex mucin has the longer and more branched side chains, but C-P55 has slightly higher sialic acid content. 28431467 10 27 theme high 1404:1407 arg1 loads 1409:1413 high loads 1404:1413 high loads 1404:1413 The friction force between C-PSLex-coated PMMA is lower than that between C-P55-coated PMMA at low loads, but vice versa at high loads. 28431467 5 28 theme mucins 717:722 arg1 adsorption 699:708 The adsorption 695:708 The adsorption of the mucins to PMMA surfaces 695:739 The adsorption of the mucins to PMMA surfaces was studied by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. 28431467 2 29 gly glycosylated 356:367 arg1 part 375:378 the glycosylated mucin part 352:378 the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) 352:423 Both are recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins, produced by fusing the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) to the Fc part of a mouse immunoglobulin in two different cells. 28431467 10 30 theme C-P55-coated 1354:1365 arg1 PMMA 1367:1370 C-P55-coated PMMA 1354:1370 C-P55-coated PMMA at low loads, but vice versa at high loads 1354:1413 The friction force between C-PSLex-coated PMMA is lower than that between C-P55-coated PMMA at low loads, but vice versa at high loads. 28431467 2 31 theme recombinant 293:303 arg1 proteins 323:330 recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins 293:330 recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins 293:330 Both are recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins, produced by fusing the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) to the Fc part of a mouse immunoglobulin in two different cells. 28431467 2 31 theme recombinant 293:303 arg1 Both 284:287 Both 284:287 Both 284:287 Both are recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins, produced by fusing the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) to the Fc part of a mouse immunoglobulin in two different cells. 28431467 2 32 theme mucin 369:373 arg1 part 375:378 the glycosylated mucin part 352:378 the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) 352:423 Both are recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins, produced by fusing the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) to the Fc part of a mouse immunoglobulin in two different cells. 28431467 9 33 theme entanglement 1266:1277 arg1 chain 1260:1264 chain entanglement 1260:1277 chain entanglement 1260:1277 This was attributed to chain entanglement. 28431467 8 34 theme small 1165:1169 arg1 adhesion 1171:1178 a small adhesion 1163:1178 a small adhesion 1163:1178 Purely repulsive forces of steric origin were observed between mucin layers on compression, whereas a small adhesion was detected between both mucin layers on decompression. 28431467 0 35 dep Adsorption 76:85 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of Glycosylation on Interfacial Properties of Recombinant Mucins 0:73 Influence of Glycosylation on Interfacial Properties of Recombinant Mucins: Adsorption, Surface Forces, and Friction. 28431467 2 36 theme glycosylated 356:367 arg1 part 375:378 the glycosylated mucin part 352:378 the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) 352:423 Both are recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins, produced by fusing the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) to the Fc part of a mouse immunoglobulin in two different cells. 28431467 5 37 theme quartz 756:761 arg1 microbalance 771:782 quartz crystal microbalance 756:782 quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation 756:799 The adsorption of the mucins to PMMA surfaces was studied by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. 28431467 4 38 theme acid 681:684 arg1 content 686:692 slightly higher sialic acid content 658:692 slightly higher sialic acid content 658:692 Analysis of the O-glycans shows that the C-PSLex mucin has the longer and more branched side chains, but C-P55 has slightly higher sialic acid content. 28431467 0 39 theme Glycosylation 13:25 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of Glycosylation on Interfacial Properties of Recombinant Mucins 0:73 Influence of Glycosylation on Interfacial Properties of Recombinant Mucins: Adsorption, Surface Forces, and Friction. 28431467 11 40 from differences 1455:1465 arg1 composition 1488:1498 the glycosylation composition 1470:1498 the glycosylation composition of these two mucins 1470:1518 We discuss our results in terms of the differences in the glycosylation composition of these two mucins. 28431467 8 41 theme repulsive 1070:1078 arg1 forces 1080:1085 Purely repulsive forces 1063:1085 Purely repulsive forces of steric origin 1063:1102 Purely repulsive forces of steric origin were observed between mucin layers on compression, whereas a small adhesion was detected between both mucin layers on decompression. 28431467 2 42 theme ligand-1 407:414 arg1 part 375:378 the glycosylated mucin part 352:378 the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) 352:423 Both are recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins, produced by fusing the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) to the Fc part of a mouse immunoglobulin in two different cells. 28431467 8 43 located detected 1184:1191 arg1 decompression 1222:1234 decompression 1222:1234 decompression 1222:1234 Purely repulsive forces of steric origin were observed between mucin layers on compression, whereas a small adhesion was detected between both mucin layers on decompression. 28431467 8 43 located detected 1184:1191 arg2 adhesion 1171:1178 a small adhesion 1163:1178 a small adhesion 1163:1178 Purely repulsive forces of steric origin were observed between mucin layers on compression, whereas a small adhesion was detected between both mucin layers on decompression. 28431467 10 44 from loads 1379:1383 arg1 PMMA 1367:1370 C-P55-coated PMMA 1354:1370 C-P55-coated PMMA at low loads, but vice versa at high loads 1354:1413 The friction force between C-PSLex-coated PMMA is lower than that between C-P55-coated PMMA at low loads, but vice versa at high loads. 28431467 5 45 with microbalance 771:782 arg1 dissipation 789:799 dissipation 789:799 dissipation 789:799 The adsorption of the mucins to PMMA surfaces was studied by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. 28431467 4 46 theme longer 606:611 arg1 chains 636:641 the longer and more branched side chains 602:641 the longer and more branched side chains 602:641 Analysis of the O-glycans shows that the C-PSLex mucin has the longer and more branched side chains, but C-P55 has slightly higher sialic acid content. 28431467 8 47 located observed 1109:1116 arg1 compression 1142:1152 compression 1142:1152 compression 1142:1152 Purely repulsive forces of steric origin were observed between mucin layers on compression, whereas a small adhesion was detected between both mucin layers on decompression. 28431467 8 47 located observed 1109:1116 arg2 forces 1080:1085 Purely repulsive forces 1063:1085 Purely repulsive forces of steric origin 1063:1102 Purely repulsive forces of steric origin were observed between mucin layers on compression, whereas a small adhesion was detected between both mucin layers on decompression. 28431467 4 48 theme branched 622:629 arg1 chains 636:641 the longer and more branched side chains 602:641 the longer and more branched side chains 602:641 Analysis of the O-glycans shows that the C-PSLex mucin has the longer and more branched side chains, but C-P55 has slightly higher sialic acid content. 28431467 2 49 theme glycoprotein 394:405 arg1 PSLG-1 417:422 PSLG-1 417:422 PSLG-1 417:422 Both are recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins, produced by fusing the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) to the Fc part of a mouse immunoglobulin in two different cells. 28431467 2 49 theme glycoprotein 394:405 arg1 ligand-1 407:414 P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 383:414 P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) 383:423 Both are recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins, produced by fusing the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) to the Fc part of a mouse immunoglobulin in two different cells. 28431467 0 50 theme Interfacial 30:40 arg1 Properties 42:51 Interfacial Properties 30:51 Interfacial Properties of Recombinant Mucins 30:73 Influence of Glycosylation on Interfacial Properties of Recombinant Mucins: Adsorption, Surface Forces, and Friction. 28431467 5 51 theme PMMA 727:730 arg1 surfaces 732:739 PMMA surfaces 727:739 PMMA surfaces 727:739 The adsorption of the mucins to PMMA surfaces was studied by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. 28431467 6 52 theme sensed 806:811 arg1 mass 813:816 The sensed mass 802:816 The sensed mass 802:816 The sensed mass, including the adsorbed mucin and water trapped in the layer, was found to be similar for these two mucin layers. 28431467 6 52 theme sensed 806:811 arg1 similar 896:902 similar 896:902 similar 896:902 The sensed mass, including the adsorbed mucin and water trapped in the layer, was found to be similar for these two mucin layers. 28431467 4 53 theme C-PSLex 584:590 arg1 mucin 592:596 the C-PSLex mucin 580:596 the C-PSLex mucin 580:596 Analysis of the O-glycans shows that the C-PSLex mucin has the longer and more branched side chains, but C-P55 has slightly higher sialic acid content. 28431467 7 54 theme Atomic 932:937 arg1 microscopy 945:954 Atomic force microscopy 932:954 Atomic force microscopy with colloidal probe 932:975 Atomic force microscopy with colloidal probe was employed to study surface and friction forces between mucin-coated PMMA surfaces. 28431467 2 55 theme P-selectin 383:392 arg1 PSLG-1 417:422 PSLG-1 417:422 PSLG-1 417:422 Both are recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins, produced by fusing the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) to the Fc part of a mouse immunoglobulin in two different cells. 28431467 2 55 theme P-selectin 383:392 arg1 ligand-1 407:414 P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 383:414 P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) 383:423 Both are recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins, produced by fusing the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) to the Fc part of a mouse immunoglobulin in two different cells. 28431467 0 56 theme Recombinant 56:66 arg1 Mucins 68:73 Recombinant Mucins 56:73 Recombinant Mucins 56:73 Influence of Glycosylation on Interfacial Properties of Recombinant Mucins: Adsorption, Surface Forces, and Friction. 28431467 7 57 theme colloidal 961:969 arg1 probe 971:975 colloidal probe 961:975 colloidal probe 961:975 Atomic force microscopy with colloidal probe was employed to study surface and friction forces between mucin-coated PMMA surfaces. 28431467 4 58 contain has 598:600 arg2 chains 636:641 the longer and more branched side chains 602:641 the longer and more branched side chains 602:641 Analysis of the O-glycans shows that the C-PSLex mucin has the longer and more branched side chains, but C-P55 has slightly higher sialic acid content. 28431467 4 58 contain has 598:600 arg1 mucin 592:596 the C-PSLex mucin 580:596 the C-PSLex mucin 580:596 Analysis of the O-glycans shows that the C-PSLex mucin has the longer and more branched side chains, but C-P55 has slightly higher sialic acid content. 28431467 7 59 theme force 939:943 arg1 microscopy 945:954 Atomic force microscopy 932:954 Atomic force microscopy with colloidal probe 932:975 Atomic force microscopy with colloidal probe was employed to study surface and friction forces between mucin-coated PMMA surfaces. 28431467 11 60 from composition 1488:1498 arg1 terms 1442:1446 terms 1442:1446 terms of the differences in the glycosylation composition of these two mucins 1442:1518 We discuss our results in terms of the differences in the glycosylation composition of these two mucins. 28431467 2 61 theme Fc 432:433 arg1 part 435:438 the Fc part 428:438 the Fc part of a mouse immunoglobulin in two different cells 428:487 Both are recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins, produced by fusing the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) to the Fc part of a mouse immunoglobulin in two different cells. 28431467 8 62 theme mucin 1206:1210 arg1 layers 1212:1217 both mucin layers 1201:1217 both mucin layers 1201:1217 Purely repulsive forces of steric origin were observed between mucin layers on compression, whereas a small adhesion was detected between both mucin layers on decompression. 28431467 11 63 theme glycosylation 1474:1486 arg1 composition 1488:1498 the glycosylation composition 1470:1498 the glycosylation composition of these two mucins 1470:1518 We discuss our results in terms of the differences in the glycosylation composition of these two mucins. 28431467 1 64 theme Interfacial 118:128 arg1 properties 130:139 Interfacial properties 118:139 Interfacial properties of two brush-with-anchor mucins, C-P55 and C-PSLex, 118:191 Interfacial properties of two brush-with-anchor mucins, C-P55 and C-PSLex, have been investigated at the aqueous solution/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) interface. 28431467 8 65 theme mucin 1126:1130 arg1 layers 1132:1137 mucin layers 1126:1137 mucin layers 1126:1137 Purely repulsive forces of steric origin were observed between mucin layers on compression, whereas a small adhesion was detected between both mucin layers on decompression. 28431467 10 66 from loads 1409:1413 arg1 PMMA 1367:1370 C-P55-coated PMMA 1354:1370 C-P55-coated PMMA at low loads, but vice versa at high loads 1354:1413 The friction force between C-PSLex-coated PMMA is lower than that between C-P55-coated PMMA at low loads, but vice versa at high loads. 28431467 8 67 dep observed 1109:1116 arg1 whereas 1155:1161 whereas 1155:1161 whereas 1155:1161 Purely repulsive forces of steric origin were observed between mucin layers on compression, whereas a small adhesion was detected between both mucin layers on decompression. 28431467 10 68 theme C-PSLex-coated 1307:1320 arg1 PMMA 1322:1325 C-PSLex-coated PMMA 1307:1325 C-PSLex-coated PMMA 1307:1325 The friction force between C-PSLex-coated PMMA is lower than that between C-P55-coated PMMA at low loads, but vice versa at high loads. 28431467 2 69 theme mucin-type 305:314 arg1 proteins 323:330 recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins 293:330 recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins 293:330 Both are recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins, produced by fusing the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) to the Fc part of a mouse immunoglobulin in two different cells. 28431467 2 69 theme mucin-type 305:314 arg1 Both 284:287 Both 284:287 Both 284:287 Both are recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins, produced by fusing the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) to the Fc part of a mouse immunoglobulin in two different cells. 28431467 2 70 theme fusion 316:321 arg1 proteins 323:330 recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins 293:330 recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins 293:330 Both are recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins, produced by fusing the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) to the Fc part of a mouse immunoglobulin in two different cells. 28431467 2 70 theme fusion 316:321 arg1 Both 284:287 Both 284:287 Both 284:287 Both are recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins, produced by fusing the glycosylated mucin part of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSLG-1) to the Fc part of a mouse immunoglobulin in two different cells. 28431467 11 71 from terms 1442:1446 arg1 composition 1488:1498 the glycosylation composition 1470:1498 the glycosylation composition of these two mucins 1470:1518 We discuss our results in terms of the differences in the glycosylation composition of these two mucins. 28431467 1 72 theme aqueous 223:229 arg1 solution/poly 231:243 aqueous solution/poly 223:243 the aqueous solution/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) interface 219:281 Interfacial properties of two brush-with-anchor mucins, C-P55 and C-PSLex, have been investigated at the aqueous solution/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) interface. 28431467 1 72 theme aqueous 223:229 arg1 methacrylate 252:263 methyl methacrylate 245:263 methyl methacrylate 245:263 Interfacial properties of two brush-with-anchor mucins, C-P55 and C-PSLex, have been investigated at the aqueous solution/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) interface. 28431467 1 72 theme aqueous 223:229 arg1 PMMA 267:270 PMMA 267:270 PMMA 267:270 Interfacial properties of two brush-with-anchor mucins, C-P55 and C-PSLex, have been investigated at the aqueous solution/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) interface. 28431467 0 73 theme Mucins 68:73 arg1 Properties 42:51 Interfacial Properties 30:51 Interfacial Properties of Recombinant Mucins 30:73 Influence of Glycosylation on Interfacial Properties of Recombinant Mucins: Adsorption, Surface Forces, and Friction. 28431467 11 74 theme mucins 1513:1518 arg1 composition 1488:1498 the glycosylation composition 1470:1498 the glycosylation composition of these two mucins 1470:1518 We discuss our results in terms of the differences in the glycosylation composition of these two mucins. 28431467 5 75 theme crystal 763:769 arg1 microbalance 771:782 quartz crystal microbalance 756:782 quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation 756:799 The adsorption of the mucins to PMMA surfaces was studied by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. 28431467 1 76 theme solution/poly 231:243 arg1 interface 273:281 the aqueous solution/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) interface 219:281 the aqueous solution/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) interface 219:281 Interfacial properties of two brush-with-anchor mucins, C-P55 and C-PSLex, have been investigated at the aqueous solution/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) interface. 25529018 3 0 theme DNA 1015:1017 arg1 denaturation 1031:1042 DNA and protein denaturation 1015:1042 denaturation 1031:1042 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 4 1 theme infrared 1098:1105 arg1 analyses 1127:1134 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses 1080:1134 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses 1080:1134 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses evidenced minor changes in molecular composition in response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall. 25529018 4 2 theme spectral 1250:1257 arg1 w4 1266:1267 the spectral region w4 1246:1267 the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1) 1246:1283 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses evidenced minor changes in molecular composition in response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall. 25529018 4 2 theme spectral 1250:1257 arg1 cm-1 1279:1282 1200-900 cm-1 1270:1282 1200-900 cm-1 1270:1282 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses evidenced minor changes in molecular composition in response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall. 25529018 2 3 from intensities 574:584 arg1 MPa 606:608 the range 50-900 MPa 589:608 the range 50-900 MPa 589:608 This study is aimed at investigating how HHP treatments at varying intensities in the range 50-900 MPa affect the viability, membrane integrity, ultrastructure and molecular composition of Escherichia coli. 25529018 2 3 from intensities 574:584 arg1 treatments 552:561 HHP treatments 548:561 HHP treatments at varying intensities in the range 50-900 MPa 548:608 This study is aimed at investigating how HHP treatments at varying intensities in the range 50-900 MPa affect the viability, membrane integrity, ultrastructure and molecular composition of Escherichia coli. 25529018 3 4 theme membrane 725:732 arg1 integrity 734:742 membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) 725:856 membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) 725:856 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 5 5 theme minor 1484:1488 arg1 modifications 1490:1502 minor modifications 1484:1502 minor modifications in biochemical cellular composition 1484:1538 These findings suggest that exposure of E. coli cells to HHP causes alterations in their physical integrity while producing minor modifications in biochemical cellular composition. 25529018 6 6 theme E. 1604:1605 arg1 inactivation 1612:1623 E. coli inactivation 1604:1623 E. coli inactivation by HHP 1604:1630 The current study increases the knowledge on the mechanisms of E. coli inactivation by HHP and provides valuable information for the design of more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach. 25529018 1 7 theme High 187:190 arg1 HHP 214:216 HHP 214:216 HHP 214:216 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 1 7 theme High 187:190 arg1 pressure 204:211 High hydrostatic pressure 187:211 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) 187:217 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 1 7 theme High 187:190 arg1 technology 246:255 a novel food processing technology 222:255 a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes 222:504 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 1 8 theme food 468:471 arg1 quality 473:479 food quality 468:479 food quality 468:479 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 2 9 theme HHP 548:550 arg1 treatments 552:561 HHP treatments 548:561 HHP treatments at varying intensities in the range 50-900 MPa 548:608 This study is aimed at investigating how HHP treatments at varying intensities in the range 50-900 MPa affect the viability, membrane integrity, ultrastructure and molecular composition of Escherichia coli. 25529018 3 10 theme contents 1070:1077 arg1 loss 1048:1051 loss 1048:1051 loss of intracellular contents 1048:1077 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 3 10 theme contents 1070:1077 arg1 denaturation 1031:1042 DNA and protein denaturation 1015:1042 denaturation 1031:1042 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 3 10 theme contents 1070:1077 arg1 detachment 1003:1012 detachment 1003:1012 detachment 1003:1012 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 3 10 theme contents 1070:1077 arg1 enlargement 971:981 cellular enlargement 962:981 cellular enlargement 962:981 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 3 10 theme contents 1070:1077 arg1 damage 993:998 membrane damage 984:998 membrane damage 984:998 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 6 11 theme mild 1753:1756 arg1 HHP 1758:1760 mild HHP 1753:1760 mild HHP 1753:1760 The current study increases the knowledge on the mechanisms of E. coli inactivation by HHP and provides valuable information for the design of more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach. 25529018 4 12 theme molecular 1163:1171 arg1 composition 1173:1183 molecular composition 1163:1183 molecular composition 1163:1183 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses evidenced minor changes in molecular composition in response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall. 25529018 0 13 theme FTIR 133:136 arg1 spectroscopy 138:149 FTIR spectroscopy 133:149 FTIR spectroscopy 133:149 Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on Escherichia coli ultrastructure, membrane integrity and molecular composition as assessed by FTIR spectroscopy and microscopic imaging techniques. 25529018 4 14 from changes 1152:1158 arg1 response 1188:1195 response 1188:1195 response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall 1188:1357 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses evidenced minor changes in molecular composition in response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall. 25529018 4 14 from changes 1152:1158 arg1 composition 1173:1183 molecular composition 1163:1183 molecular composition 1163:1183 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses evidenced minor changes in molecular composition in response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall. 25529018 2 15 theme coli 708:711 arg1 integrity 641:649 membrane integrity 632:649 membrane integrity 632:649 This study is aimed at investigating how HHP treatments at varying intensities in the range 50-900 MPa affect the viability, membrane integrity, ultrastructure and molecular composition of Escherichia coli. 25529018 2 15 theme coli 708:711 arg1 composition 681:691 molecular composition 671:691 molecular composition 671:691 This study is aimed at investigating how HHP treatments at varying intensities in the range 50-900 MPa affect the viability, membrane integrity, ultrastructure and molecular composition of Escherichia coli. 25529018 2 15 theme coli 708:711 arg1 ultrastructure 652:665 ultrastructure 652:665 ultrastructure 652:665 This study is aimed at investigating how HHP treatments at varying intensities in the range 50-900 MPa affect the viability, membrane integrity, ultrastructure and molecular composition of Escherichia coli. 25529018 2 15 theme coli 708:711 arg1 viability 621:629 viability 621:629 viability 621:629 This study is aimed at investigating how HHP treatments at varying intensities in the range 50-900 MPa affect the viability, membrane integrity, ultrastructure and molecular composition of Escherichia coli. 25529018 3 16 theme cellular 766:773 arg1 leakage 775:781 cellular leakage 766:781 cellular leakage 766:781 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 1 17 theme pathogenic 397:406 arg1 microorganisms 421:434 pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms 397:434 microorganisms 421:434 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 3 18 theme iodide 811:816 arg1 uptake 818:823 propidium iodide uptake 801:823 propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy 801:855 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 0 19 theme imaging 167:173 arg1 techniques 175:184 microscopic imaging techniques 155:184 microscopic imaging techniques 155:184 Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on Escherichia coli ultrastructure, membrane integrity and molecular composition as assessed by FTIR spectroscopy and microscopic imaging techniques. 25529018 1 20 theme spoilage 412:419 arg1 microorganisms 421:434 pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms 397:434 microorganisms 421:434 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 6 21 theme regimes 1717:1723 arg1 design 1674:1679 the design 1670:1679 the design of more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach 1670:1862 The current study increases the knowledge on the mechanisms of E. coli inactivation by HHP and provides valuable information for the design of more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach. 25529018 6 22 with combination 1765:1775 arg1 strategies 1806:1815 other food preservation strategies 1782:1815 other food preservation strategies 1782:1815 The current study increases the knowledge on the mechanisms of E. coli inactivation by HHP and provides valuable information for the design of more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach. 25529018 3 23 dep tests 744:748 arg1 measurement 751:761 measurement 751:761 measurement of cellular leakage 751:781 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 3 23 dep tests 744:748 arg1 tests 744:748 tests 744:748 membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) 725:856 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 3 23 dep tests 744:748 arg1 monitoring 787:796 monitoring 787:796 monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy 787:855 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 6 24 theme inactivation 1612:1623 arg1 mechanisms 1590:1599 the mechanisms 1586:1599 the mechanisms of E. coli inactivation by HHP 1586:1630 The current study increases the knowledge on the mechanisms of E. coli inactivation by HHP and provides valuable information for the design of more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach. 25529018 4 25 theme wall 1354:1357 arg1 polysaccharides 1326:1340 polysaccharides 1326:1340 polysaccharides 1326:1340 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses evidenced minor changes in molecular composition in response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall. 25529018 4 25 theme wall 1354:1357 arg1 carbohydrates 1308:1320 carbohydrates 1308:1320 carbohydrates 1308:1320 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses evidenced minor changes in molecular composition in response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall. 25529018 0 26 theme membrane 73:80 arg1 integrity 82:90 membrane integrity 73:90 membrane integrity 73:90 Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on Escherichia coli ultrastructure, membrane integrity and molecular composition as assessed by FTIR spectroscopy and microscopic imaging techniques. 25529018 6 27 theme preservation 1704:1715 arg1 regimes 1717:1723 more effective food preservation regimes 1684:1723 more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach 1684:1862 The current study increases the knowledge on the mechanisms of E. coli inactivation by HHP and provides valuable information for the design of more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach. 25529018 3 28 theme transmission 894:905 arg1 microscopy 916:925 transmission electron microscopy 894:925 transmission electron microscopy 894:925 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 6 29 theme food 1788:1791 arg1 strategies 1806:1815 other food preservation strategies 1782:1815 other food preservation strategies 1782:1815 The current study increases the knowledge on the mechanisms of E. coli inactivation by HHP and provides valuable information for the design of more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach. 25529018 1 30 theme foods 361:365 arg1 preservation 345:356 the preservation 341:356 the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms 341:434 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 6 31 theme effective 1689:1697 arg1 regimes 1717:1723 more effective food preservation regimes 1684:1723 more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach 1684:1862 The current study increases the knowledge on the mechanisms of E. coli inactivation by HHP and provides valuable information for the design of more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach. 25529018 1 32 theme due 368:370 arg1 foods 361:365 foods 361:365 foods 361:365 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 5 33 theme cellular 1519:1526 arg1 composition 1528:1538 biochemical cellular composition 1507:1538 biochemical cellular composition 1507:1538 These findings suggest that exposure of E. coli cells to HHP causes alterations in their physical integrity while producing minor modifications in biochemical cellular composition. 25529018 2 34 theme molecular 671:679 arg1 composition 681:691 molecular composition 671:691 molecular composition 671:691 This study is aimed at investigating how HHP treatments at varying intensities in the range 50-900 MPa affect the viability, membrane integrity, ultrastructure and molecular composition of Escherichia coli. 25529018 4 35 theme cell 1349:1352 arg1 wall 1354:1357 the cell wall 1345:1357 the cell wall 1345:1357 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses evidenced minor changes in molecular composition in response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall. 25529018 4 36 theme Fourier-transform 1080:1096 arg1 analyses 1127:1134 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses 1080:1134 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses 1080:1134 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses evidenced minor changes in molecular composition in response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall. 25529018 0 37 theme high 11:14 arg1 pressure 28:35 high hydrostatic pressure 11:35 high hydrostatic pressure 11:35 Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on Escherichia coli ultrastructure, membrane integrity and molecular composition as assessed by FTIR spectroscopy and microscopic imaging techniques. 25529018 1 38 theme attractive 282:291 arg1 alternative 293:303 an attractive alternative 279:303 an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms 279:434 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 1 38 theme attractive 282:291 arg1 technology 246:255 a novel food processing technology 222:255 a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes 222:504 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 6 39 from knowledge 1573:1581 arg1 mechanisms 1590:1599 the mechanisms 1586:1599 the mechanisms of E. coli inactivation by HHP 1586:1630 The current study increases the knowledge on the mechanisms of E. coli inactivation by HHP and provides valuable information for the design of more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach. 25529018 5 40 from alterations 1428:1438 arg1 integrity 1458:1466 their physical integrity 1443:1466 their physical integrity 1443:1466 These findings suggest that exposure of E. coli cells to HHP causes alterations in their physical integrity while producing minor modifications in biochemical cellular composition. 25529018 0 41 theme pressure 28:35 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on Escherichia coli ultrastructure, membrane integrity and molecular composition 0:116 Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on Escherichia coli ultrastructure, membrane integrity and molecular composition as assessed by FTIR spectroscopy and microscopic imaging techniques. 25529018 0 42 dep Escherichia 40:50 arg1 coli 52:55 coli 52:55 coli 52:55 Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on Escherichia coli ultrastructure, membrane integrity and molecular composition as assessed by FTIR spectroscopy and microscopic imaging techniques. 25529018 6 43 theme hurdle 1837:1842 arg1 approach 1855:1862 a multi-target hurdle technology approach 1822:1862 a multi-target hurdle technology approach 1822:1862 The current study increases the knowledge on the mechanisms of E. coli inactivation by HHP and provides valuable information for the design of more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach. 25529018 1 44 theme sensorial 485:493 arg1 attributes 495:504 sensorial attributes 485:504 sensorial attributes 485:504 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 0 45 theme Escherichia 40:50 arg1 ultrastructure 57:70 Escherichia coli ultrastructure 40:70 Escherichia coli ultrastructure 40:70 Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on Escherichia coli ultrastructure, membrane integrity and molecular composition as assessed by FTIR spectroscopy and microscopic imaging techniques. 25529018 1 46 theme heat 321:324 arg1 treatments 326:335 conventional heat treatments 308:335 conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms 308:434 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 3 47 theme membrane 984:991 arg1 damage 993:998 membrane damage 984:998 membrane damage 984:998 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 6 48 theme current 1545:1551 arg1 study 1553:1557 The current study 1541:1557 The current study 1541:1557 The current study increases the knowledge on the mechanisms of E. coli inactivation by HHP and provides valuable information for the design of more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach. 25529018 4 49 theme minor 1146:1150 arg1 changes 1152:1158 minor changes 1146:1158 minor changes in molecular composition in response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall 1146:1357 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses evidenced minor changes in molecular composition in response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall. 25529018 5 50 theme E. 1400:1401 arg1 cells 1408:1412 E. coli cells 1400:1412 E. coli cells 1400:1412 These findings suggest that exposure of E. coli cells to HHP causes alterations in their physical integrity while producing minor modifications in biochemical cellular composition. 25529018 1 51 theme food 230:233 arg1 alternative 293:303 an attractive alternative 279:303 an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms 279:434 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 1 51 theme food 230:233 arg1 technology 246:255 a novel food processing technology 222:255 a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes 222:504 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 1 51 theme food 230:233 arg1 pressure 204:211 High hydrostatic pressure 187:211 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) 187:217 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 5 52 from modifications 1490:1502 arg1 composition 1528:1538 biochemical cellular composition 1507:1538 biochemical cellular composition 1507:1538 These findings suggest that exposure of E. coli cells to HHP causes alterations in their physical integrity while producing minor modifications in biochemical cellular composition. 25529018 5 53 theme cells 1408:1412 arg1 exposure 1388:1395 exposure 1388:1395 exposure of E. coli cells to HHP 1388:1419 These findings suggest that exposure of E. coli cells to HHP causes alterations in their physical integrity while producing minor modifications in biochemical cellular composition. 25529018 6 54 dep E. 1604:1605 arg1 coli 1607:1610 coli 1607:1610 coli 1607:1610 The current study increases the knowledge on the mechanisms of E. coli inactivation by HHP and provides valuable information for the design of more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach. 25529018 2 55 theme range 593:597 arg1 MPa 606:608 the range 50-900 MPa 589:608 the range 50-900 MPa 589:608 This study is aimed at investigating how HHP treatments at varying intensities in the range 50-900 MPa affect the viability, membrane integrity, ultrastructure and molecular composition of Escherichia coli. 25529018 3 56 theme integrity 734:742 arg1 observations 878:889 ultrastructural observations 862:889 ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy 862:925 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 3 56 theme integrity 734:742 arg1 Results 714:720 Results 714:720 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) 714:856 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 1 57 theme minor 451:455 arg1 effects 457:463 minor effects 451:463 minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes 451:504 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 4 58 theme high 1200:1203 arg1 pressures 1205:1213 high pressures 1200:1213 high pressures 1200:1213 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses evidenced minor changes in molecular composition in response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall. 25529018 1 59 theme hydrostatic 192:202 arg1 HHP 214:216 HHP 214:216 HHP 214:216 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 1 59 theme hydrostatic 192:202 arg1 pressure 204:211 High hydrostatic pressure 187:211 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) 187:217 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 1 59 theme hydrostatic 192:202 arg1 technology 246:255 a novel food processing technology 222:255 a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes 222:504 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 3 60 theme intracellular 1056:1068 arg1 contents 1070:1077 intracellular contents 1056:1077 intracellular contents 1056:1077 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 5 61 theme physical 1449:1456 arg1 integrity 1458:1466 their physical integrity 1443:1466 their physical integrity 1443:1466 These findings suggest that exposure of E. coli cells to HHP causes alterations in their physical integrity while producing minor modifications in biochemical cellular composition. 25529018 6 62 theme HHP 1758:1760 arg1 integration 1738:1748 the integration 1734:1748 the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach 1734:1862 The current study increases the knowledge on the mechanisms of E. coli inactivation by HHP and provides valuable information for the design of more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach. 25529018 1 63 theme lethal 379:384 arg1 effects 386:392 its lethal effects 375:392 its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms 375:434 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 1 64 from effects 386:392 arg1 microorganisms 421:434 pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms 397:434 microorganisms 421:434 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 0 65 theme microscopic 155:165 arg1 techniques 175:184 microscopic imaging techniques 155:184 microscopic imaging techniques 155:184 Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on Escherichia coli ultrastructure, membrane integrity and molecular composition as assessed by FTIR spectroscopy and microscopic imaging techniques. 25529018 6 66 theme valuable 1645:1652 arg1 information 1654:1664 valuable information 1645:1664 valuable information for the design of more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach 1645:1862 The current study increases the knowledge on the mechanisms of E. coli inactivation by HHP and provides valuable information for the design of more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach. 25529018 0 67 from Effects 0:6 arg1 ultrastructure 57:70 Escherichia coli ultrastructure 40:70 Escherichia coli ultrastructure 40:70 Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on Escherichia coli ultrastructure, membrane integrity and molecular composition as assessed by FTIR spectroscopy and microscopic imaging techniques. 25529018 0 67 from Effects 0:6 arg1 integrity 82:90 membrane integrity 73:90 membrane integrity 73:90 Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on Escherichia coli ultrastructure, membrane integrity and molecular composition as assessed by FTIR spectroscopy and microscopic imaging techniques. 25529018 0 67 from Effects 0:6 arg1 composition 106:116 molecular composition 96:116 molecular composition 96:116 Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on Escherichia coli ultrastructure, membrane integrity and molecular composition as assessed by FTIR spectroscopy and microscopic imaging techniques. 25529018 2 68 theme varying 566:572 arg1 intensities 574:584 varying intensities 566:584 varying intensities in the range 50-900 MPa 566:608 This study is aimed at investigating how HHP treatments at varying intensities in the range 50-900 MPa affect the viability, membrane integrity, ultrastructure and molecular composition of Escherichia coli. 25529018 3 69 theme leakage 775:781 arg1 measurement 751:761 measurement 751:761 measurement of cellular leakage 751:781 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 3 69 theme leakage 775:781 arg1 tests 744:748 tests 744:748 membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) 725:856 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 3 69 theme leakage 775:781 arg1 monitoring 787:796 monitoring 787:796 monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy 787:855 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 3 70 theme uptake 818:823 arg1 measurement 751:761 measurement 751:761 measurement of cellular leakage 751:781 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 3 70 theme uptake 818:823 arg1 tests 744:748 tests 744:748 membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) 725:856 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 3 70 theme uptake 818:823 arg1 monitoring 787:796 monitoring 787:796 monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy 787:855 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 3 71 theme ultrastructural 862:876 arg1 observations 878:889 ultrastructural observations 862:889 ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy 862:925 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 4 72 located observed 1234:1241 arg1 w4 1266:1267 the spectral region w4 1246:1267 the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1) 1246:1283 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses evidenced minor changes in molecular composition in response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall. 25529018 4 72 located observed 1234:1241 arg2 pressures 1205:1213 high pressures 1200:1213 high pressures 1200:1213 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses evidenced minor changes in molecular composition in response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall. 25529018 4 72 located observed 1234:1241 arg1 cm-1 1279:1282 1200-900 cm-1 1270:1282 1200-900 cm-1 1270:1282 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses evidenced minor changes in molecular composition in response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall. 25529018 3 73 theme propidium 801:809 arg1 uptake 818:823 propidium iodide uptake 801:823 propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy 801:855 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 6 74 theme preservation 1793:1804 arg1 strategies 1806:1815 other food preservation strategies 1782:1815 other food preservation strategies 1782:1815 The current study increases the knowledge on the mechanisms of E. coli inactivation by HHP and provides valuable information for the design of more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach. 25529018 0 75 theme molecular 96:104 arg1 composition 106:116 molecular composition 96:116 molecular composition 96:116 Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on Escherichia coli ultrastructure, membrane integrity and molecular composition as assessed by FTIR spectroscopy and microscopic imaging techniques. 25529018 6 76 theme food 1699:1702 arg1 regimes 1717:1723 more effective food preservation regimes 1684:1723 more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach 1684:1862 The current study increases the knowledge on the mechanisms of E. coli inactivation by HHP and provides valuable information for the design of more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach. 25529018 3 77 theme electron 907:914 arg1 microscopy 916:925 transmission electron microscopy 894:925 transmission electron microscopy 894:925 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 6 78 theme other 1782:1786 arg1 strategies 1806:1815 other food preservation strategies 1782:1815 other food preservation strategies 1782:1815 The current study increases the knowledge on the mechanisms of E. coli inactivation by HHP and provides valuable information for the design of more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach. 25529018 2 79 theme membrane 632:639 arg1 integrity 641:649 membrane integrity 632:649 membrane integrity 632:649 This study is aimed at investigating how HHP treatments at varying intensities in the range 50-900 MPa affect the viability, membrane integrity, ultrastructure and molecular composition of Escherichia coli. 25529018 3 80 theme fluorescence 833:844 arg1 microscopy 846:855 fluorescence microscopy 833:855 fluorescence microscopy 833:855 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 4 81 dep infrared 1098:1105 arg1 FTIR 1108:1111 FTIR 1108:1111 FTIR 1108:1111 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses evidenced minor changes in molecular composition in response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall. 25529018 5 82 theme biochemical 1507:1517 arg1 composition 1528:1538 biochemical cellular composition 1507:1538 biochemical cellular composition 1507:1538 These findings suggest that exposure of E. coli cells to HHP causes alterations in their physical integrity while producing minor modifications in biochemical cellular composition. 25529018 4 83 theme region 1259:1264 arg1 w4 1266:1267 the spectral region w4 1246:1267 the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1) 1246:1283 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses evidenced minor changes in molecular composition in response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall. 25529018 4 83 theme region 1259:1264 arg1 cm-1 1279:1282 1200-900 cm-1 1270:1282 1200-900 cm-1 1270:1282 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses evidenced minor changes in molecular composition in response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall. 25529018 6 84 from integration 1738:1748 arg1 combination 1765:1775 combination 1765:1775 combination with other food preservation strategies 1765:1815 The current study increases the knowledge on the mechanisms of E. coli inactivation by HHP and provides valuable information for the design of more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach. 25529018 0 85 theme hydrostatic 16:26 arg1 pressure 28:35 high hydrostatic pressure 11:35 high hydrostatic pressure 11:35 Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on Escherichia coli ultrastructure, membrane integrity and molecular composition as assessed by FTIR spectroscopy and microscopic imaging techniques. 25529018 4 86 theme polysaccharides 1326:1340 arg1 informative 1293:1303 informative 1293:1303 informative 1293:1303 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses evidenced minor changes in molecular composition in response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall. 25529018 3 87 theme cellular 962:969 arg1 enlargement 971:981 cellular enlargement 962:981 cellular enlargement 962:981 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 6 88 theme technology 1844:1853 arg1 approach 1855:1862 a multi-target hurdle technology approach 1822:1862 a multi-target hurdle technology approach 1822:1862 The current study increases the knowledge on the mechanisms of E. coli inactivation by HHP and provides valuable information for the design of more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach. 25529018 1 89 theme conventional 308:319 arg1 treatments 326:335 conventional heat treatments 308:335 conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms 308:434 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 6 90 theme multi-target 1824:1835 arg1 approach 1855:1862 a multi-target hurdle technology approach 1822:1862 a multi-target hurdle technology approach 1822:1862 The current study increases the knowledge on the mechanisms of E. coli inactivation by HHP and provides valuable information for the design of more effective food preservation regimes based on the integration of mild HHP in combination with other food preservation strategies into a multi-target hurdle technology approach. 25529018 3 91 dep integrity 734:742 arg1 measurement 751:761 measurement 751:761 measurement of cellular leakage 751:781 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 3 91 dep integrity 734:742 arg1 tests 744:748 tests 744:748 membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) 725:856 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 3 91 dep integrity 734:742 arg1 monitoring 787:796 monitoring 787:796 monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy 787:855 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 1 92 from effects 457:463 arg1 attributes 495:504 sensorial attributes 485:504 sensorial attributes 485:504 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 1 92 from effects 457:463 arg1 quality 473:479 food quality 468:479 food quality 468:479 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 4 93 theme spectroscopy 1114:1125 arg1 analyses 1127:1134 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses 1080:1134 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses 1080:1134 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses evidenced minor changes in molecular composition in response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall. 25529018 4 94 theme carbohydrates 1308:1320 arg1 informative 1293:1303 informative 1293:1303 informative 1293:1303 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses evidenced minor changes in molecular composition in response to high pressures, which were mostly observed on the spectral region w4 (1200-900 cm-1), mainly informative of carbohydrates and polysaccharides of the cell wall. 25529018 1 95 theme novel 224:228 arg1 alternative 293:303 an attractive alternative 279:303 an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms 279:434 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 1 95 theme novel 224:228 arg1 technology 246:255 a novel food processing technology 222:255 a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes 222:504 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 1 95 theme novel 224:228 arg1 pressure 204:211 High hydrostatic pressure 187:211 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) 187:217 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 3 96 theme protein 1023:1029 arg1 denaturation 1031:1042 DNA and protein denaturation 1015:1042 denaturation 1031:1042 Results of membrane integrity tests (measurement of cellular leakage and monitoring of propidium iodide uptake through fluorescence microscopy) and ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that HHP gave rise to cellular enlargement, membrane damage or detachment, DNA and protein denaturation and loss of intracellular contents. 25529018 5 97 theme coli 1403:1406 arg1 cells 1408:1412 E. coli cells 1400:1412 E. coli cells 1400:1412 These findings suggest that exposure of E. coli cells to HHP causes alterations in their physical integrity while producing minor modifications in biochemical cellular composition. 25529018 1 98 theme processing 235:244 arg1 alternative 293:303 an attractive alternative 279:303 an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms 279:434 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 1 98 theme processing 235:244 arg1 technology 246:255 a novel food processing technology 222:255 a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes 222:504 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 25529018 1 98 theme processing 235:244 arg1 pressure 204:211 High hydrostatic pressure 187:211 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) 187:217 High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a novel food processing technology that is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods, due to its lethal effects on pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, while causing minor effects on food quality and sensorial attributes. 27783478 0 0 theme Anaerobic 87:95 arg1 Bioreactor 106:115 a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor 75:115 a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR) 75:124 Characterization and Significance of Sub-Visible Particles and Colloids in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR). 27783478 0 0 theme Anaerobic 87:95 arg1 SAnMBR 118:123 SAnMBR 118:123 SAnMBR 118:123 Characterization and Significance of Sub-Visible Particles and Colloids in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR). 27783478 0 1 from Significance 21:32 arg1 Bioreactor 106:115 a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor 75:115 a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR) 75:124 Characterization and Significance of Sub-Visible Particles and Colloids in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR). 27783478 0 1 from Significance 21:32 arg1 SAnMBR 118:123 SAnMBR 118:123 SAnMBR 118:123 Characterization and Significance of Sub-Visible Particles and Colloids in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR). 27783478 0 2 from Colloids 63:70 arg1 Bioreactor 106:115 a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor 75:115 a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR) 75:124 Characterization and Significance of Sub-Visible Particles and Colloids in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR). 27783478 0 2 from Colloids 63:70 arg1 SAnMBR 118:123 SAnMBR 118:123 SAnMBR 118:123 Characterization and Significance of Sub-Visible Particles and Colloids in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR). 27783478 7 3 dep particles 1433:1441 arg1 in/on 1423:1427 in/on 1423:1427 in/on 1423:1427 Our findings suggest that bacterial cells in/on the particles and colloids could have an important effect on fouling in SAnMBRs as they represent pioneering species attaching to membranes to form fouling layers/biofilm. 27783478 0 4 theme Submerged 77:85 arg1 Bioreactor 106:115 a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor 75:115 a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR) 75:124 Characterization and Significance of Sub-Visible Particles and Colloids in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR). 27783478 0 4 theme Submerged 77:85 arg1 SAnMBR 118:123 SAnMBR 118:123 SAnMBR 118:123 Characterization and Significance of Sub-Visible Particles and Colloids in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR). 27783478 5 5 theme submicrometer 1116:1128 arg1 μm 1175:1176 1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm 1154:1176 μm 1175:1176 The microparticles (5-10 μm) were primarily composed of Streptobacilli and/or filamentous bacteria in the form of microcolonies, while the submicrometer particles and colloids (1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm) had more free/single cocci and bacilli. 27783478 5 5 theme submicrometer 1116:1128 arg1 μm 1158:1159 1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm 1154:1176 μm 1158:1159 The microparticles (5-10 μm) were primarily composed of Streptobacilli and/or filamentous bacteria in the form of microcolonies, while the submicrometer particles and colloids (1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm) had more free/single cocci and bacilli. 27783478 5 5 theme submicrometer 1116:1128 arg1 particles 1130:1138 the submicrometer particles 1112:1138 the submicrometer particles 1112:1138 The microparticles (5-10 μm) were primarily composed of Streptobacilli and/or filamentous bacteria in the form of microcolonies, while the submicrometer particles and colloids (1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm) had more free/single cocci and bacilli. 27783478 1 6 theme morphological 161:173 arg1 structure 175:183 morphological structure 161:183 morphological structure 161:183 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 7 7 theme important 1470:1478 arg1 effect 1480:1485 an important effect 1467:1485 an important effect 1467:1485 Our findings suggest that bacterial cells in/on the particles and colloids could have an important effect on fouling in SAnMBRs as they represent pioneering species attaching to membranes to form fouling layers/biofilm. 27783478 4 8 theme in/on 932:936 arg1 presence 904:911 the presence 900:911 the presence of bacterial cells in/on the subvisible particles and colloids 900:974 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of bacterial cells in/on the subvisible particles and colloids. 27783478 0 9 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 Bioreactor 106:115 a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor 75:115 a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR) 75:124 Characterization and Significance of Sub-Visible Particles and Colloids in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR). 27783478 0 9 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 SAnMBR 118:123 SAnMBR 118:123 SAnMBR 118:123 Characterization and Significance of Sub-Visible Particles and Colloids in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR). 27783478 6 10 theme cells 1242:1246 arg1 ratio 1223:1227 The ratio 1219:1227 The ratio of live/dead cells 1219:1246 The ratio of live/dead cells varied in different size-fractions, and the particles (1-10 μm) contained more live cells compared with the colloids (100 kDa-1 μm). 27783478 8 11 theme foulant-characterization 1636:1659 arg1 studies 1661:1667 previous foulant-characterization studies 1627:1667 previous foulant-characterization studies in MBRs 1627:1675 Such insights reveal that previous foulant-characterization studies in MBRs tended to overestimate organic fouling, while the biofouling induced by these bacteria in/on the particles and colloids was overlooked. 27783478 0 12 theme Membrane 97:104 arg1 Bioreactor 106:115 a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor 75:115 a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR) 75:124 Characterization and Significance of Sub-Visible Particles and Colloids in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR). 27783478 0 12 theme Membrane 97:104 arg1 SAnMBR 118:123 SAnMBR 118:123 SAnMBR 118:123 Characterization and Significance of Sub-Visible Particles and Colloids in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR). 27783478 1 13 theme membrane 337:344 arg1 fouling 346:352 membrane fouling 337:352 membrane fouling 337:352 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 4 14 theme Fluorescence 844:855 arg1 microscopy 879:888 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy 844:888 microscopy 879:888 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of bacterial cells in/on the subvisible particles and colloids. 27783478 6 15 theme live/dead 1232:1240 arg1 cells 1242:1246 live/dead cells 1232:1246 live/dead cells 1232:1246 The ratio of live/dead cells varied in different size-fractions, and the particles (1-10 μm) contained more live cells compared with the colloids (100 kDa-1 μm). 27783478 1 16 theme lab-scale 259:267 arg1 SAnMBR 310:315 SAnMBR 310:315 SAnMBR 310:315 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 1 16 theme lab-scale 259:267 arg1 bioreactor 298:307 a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor 257:307 a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) 257:316 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 4 17 theme subvisible 942:951 arg1 particles 953:961 the subvisible particles 938:961 the subvisible particles 938:961 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of bacterial cells in/on the subvisible particles and colloids. 27783478 1 18 from composition 145:155 arg1 fouling 346:352 membrane fouling 337:352 membrane fouling 337:352 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 1 18 from composition 145:155 arg1 supernatant 242:252 the supernatant 238:252 the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) 238:316 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 5 19 from bacteria 1067:1074 arg1 form 1083:1086 the form 1079:1086 the form of microcolonies 1079:1103 The microparticles (5-10 μm) were primarily composed of Streptobacilli and/or filamentous bacteria in the form of microcolonies, while the submicrometer particles and colloids (1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm) had more free/single cocci and bacilli. 27783478 0 20 from Particles 49:57 arg1 Bioreactor 106:115 a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor 75:115 a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR) 75:124 Characterization and Significance of Sub-Visible Particles and Colloids in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR). 27783478 0 20 from Particles 49:57 arg1 SAnMBR 118:123 SAnMBR 118:123 SAnMBR 118:123 Characterization and Significance of Sub-Visible Particles and Colloids in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR). 27783478 1 21 from role 329:332 arg1 fouling 346:352 membrane fouling 337:352 membrane fouling 337:352 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 1 21 from role 329:332 arg1 supernatant 242:252 the supernatant 238:252 the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) 238:316 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 2 22 dep organics 541:548 arg1 polysaccharides 564:578 polysaccharides 564:578 polysaccharides 564:578 Photometric analysis showed that the supernatant and membrane foulants were dominated by particles and colloids (0.45-10 μm), which accounted for over 90% of the total organics (proteins and polysaccharides). 27783478 2 22 dep organics 541:548 arg1 proteins 551:558 proteins 551:558 proteins 551:558 Photometric analysis showed that the supernatant and membrane foulants were dominated by particles and colloids (0.45-10 μm), which accounted for over 90% of the total organics (proteins and polysaccharides). 27783478 2 23 theme Photometric 373:383 arg1 analysis 385:392 Photometric analysis 373:392 Photometric analysis 373:392 Photometric analysis showed that the supernatant and membrane foulants were dominated by particles and colloids (0.45-10 μm), which accounted for over 90% of the total organics (proteins and polysaccharides). 27783478 3 24 theme fluorescent 718:728 arg1 proteins 730:737 fluorescent proteins 718:737 fluorescent proteins 718:737 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra and monosaccharide analysis showed that these particles and colloids were rich in fluorescent proteins, rhamnose, ribose and arabinose, all of which could be related to cellular and extracellular substances. 27783478 3 24 theme fluorescent 718:728 arg1 arabinose 761:769 arabinose 761:769 arabinose 761:769 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra and monosaccharide analysis showed that these particles and colloids were rich in fluorescent proteins, rhamnose, ribose and arabinose, all of which could be related to cellular and extracellular substances. 27783478 3 24 theme fluorescent 718:728 arg1 ribose 750:755 ribose 750:755 ribose 750:755 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra and monosaccharide analysis showed that these particles and colloids were rich in fluorescent proteins, rhamnose, ribose and arabinose, all of which could be related to cellular and extracellular substances. 27783478 3 24 theme fluorescent 718:728 arg1 rhamnose 740:747 rhamnose 740:747 rhamnose 740:747 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra and monosaccharide analysis showed that these particles and colloids were rich in fluorescent proteins, rhamnose, ribose and arabinose, all of which could be related to cellular and extracellular substances. 27783478 3 25 from proteins 730:737 arg1 rich 710:713 rich 710:713 rich 710:713 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra and monosaccharide analysis showed that these particles and colloids were rich in fluorescent proteins, rhamnose, ribose and arabinose, all of which could be related to cellular and extracellular substances. 27783478 1 26 from distribution 131:142 arg1 fouling 346:352 membrane fouling 337:352 membrane fouling 337:352 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 1 26 from distribution 131:142 arg1 supernatant 242:252 the supernatant 238:252 the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) 238:316 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 8 27 from studies 1661:1667 arg1 MBRs 1672:1675 MBRs 1672:1675 MBRs 1672:1675 Such insights reveal that previous foulant-characterization studies in MBRs tended to overestimate organic fouling, while the biofouling induced by these bacteria in/on the particles and colloids was overlooked. 27783478 4 28 theme scanning 861:868 arg1 microscopy 879:888 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy 844:888 microscopy 879:888 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of bacterial cells in/on the subvisible particles and colloids. 27783478 1 29 theme subvisible 188:197 arg1 μm 231:232 0.01-10 μm 223:232 0.01-10 μm 223:232 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 1 29 theme subvisible 188:197 arg1 particles 199:207 subvisible particles 188:207 subvisible particles 188:207 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 4 30 theme bacterial 916:924 arg1 cells 926:930 bacterial cells 916:930 bacterial cells 916:930 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of bacterial cells in/on the subvisible particles and colloids. 27783478 1 31 theme submerged 269:277 arg1 SAnMBR 310:315 SAnMBR 310:315 SAnMBR 310:315 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 1 31 theme submerged 269:277 arg1 bioreactor 298:307 a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor 257:307 a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) 257:316 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 6 32 contain contained 1312:1320 arg1 particles 1292:1300 the particles 1288:1300 the particles (1-10 μm) 1288:1310 The ratio of live/dead cells varied in different size-fractions, and the particles (1-10 μm) contained more live cells compared with the colloids (100 kDa-1 μm). 27783478 6 32 contain contained 1312:1320 arg2 cells 1332:1336 more live cells 1322:1336 more live cells 1322:1336 The ratio of live/dead cells varied in different size-fractions, and the particles (1-10 μm) contained more live cells compared with the colloids (100 kDa-1 μm). 27783478 6 32 contain contained 1312:1320 arg1 μm 1308:1309 1-10 μm 1303:1309 1-10 μm 1303:1309 The ratio of live/dead cells varied in different size-fractions, and the particles (1-10 μm) contained more live cells compared with the colloids (100 kDa-1 μm). 27783478 8 33 theme organic 1700:1706 arg1 fouling 1708:1714 organic fouling 1700:1714 organic fouling 1700:1714 Such insights reveal that previous foulant-characterization studies in MBRs tended to overestimate organic fouling, while the biofouling induced by these bacteria in/on the particles and colloids was overlooked. 27783478 1 34 theme particles 199:207 arg1 role 329:332 their role 323:332 their role in membrane fouling 323:352 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 1 34 theme particles 199:207 arg1 composition 145:155 composition 145:155 composition 145:155 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 1 34 theme particles 199:207 arg1 structure 175:183 morphological structure 161:183 morphological structure 161:183 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 1 34 theme particles 199:207 arg1 distribution 131:142 The distribution 127:142 The distribution 127:142 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 2 35 theme membrane 426:433 arg1 foulants 435:442 membrane foulants 426:442 membrane foulants 426:442 Photometric analysis showed that the supernatant and membrane foulants were dominated by particles and colloids (0.45-10 μm), which accounted for over 90% of the total organics (proteins and polysaccharides). 27783478 1 36 theme anaerobic 279:287 arg1 SAnMBR 310:315 SAnMBR 310:315 SAnMBR 310:315 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 1 36 theme anaerobic 279:287 arg1 bioreactor 298:307 a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor 257:307 a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) 257:316 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 6 37 theme live 1327:1330 arg1 cells 1332:1336 more live cells 1322:1336 more live cells 1322:1336 The ratio of live/dead cells varied in different size-fractions, and the particles (1-10 μm) contained more live cells compared with the colloids (100 kDa-1 μm). 27783478 3 38 from rich 710:713 arg1 proteins 730:737 fluorescent proteins 718:737 fluorescent proteins 718:737 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra and monosaccharide analysis showed that these particles and colloids were rich in fluorescent proteins, rhamnose, ribose and arabinose, all of which could be related to cellular and extracellular substances. 27783478 3 38 from rich 710:713 arg1 arabinose 761:769 arabinose 761:769 arabinose 761:769 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra and monosaccharide analysis showed that these particles and colloids were rich in fluorescent proteins, rhamnose, ribose and arabinose, all of which could be related to cellular and extracellular substances. 27783478 3 38 from rich 710:713 arg1 ribose 750:755 ribose 750:755 ribose 750:755 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra and monosaccharide analysis showed that these particles and colloids were rich in fluorescent proteins, rhamnose, ribose and arabinose, all of which could be related to cellular and extracellular substances. 27783478 3 38 from rich 710:713 arg1 rhamnose 740:747 rhamnose 740:747 rhamnose 740:747 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra and monosaccharide analysis showed that these particles and colloids were rich in fluorescent proteins, rhamnose, ribose and arabinose, all of which could be related to cellular and extracellular substances. 27783478 1 39 theme membrane 289:296 arg1 SAnMBR 310:315 SAnMBR 310:315 SAnMBR 310:315 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 1 39 theme membrane 289:296 arg1 bioreactor 298:307 a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor 257:307 a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) 257:316 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 7 40 from fouling 1490:1496 arg1 SAnMBRs 1501:1507 SAnMBRs 1501:1507 SAnMBRs 1501:1507 Our findings suggest that bacterial cells in/on the particles and colloids could have an important effect on fouling in SAnMBRs as they represent pioneering species attaching to membranes to form fouling layers/biofilm. 27783478 5 41 theme filamentous 1055:1065 arg1 bacteria 1067:1074 filamentous bacteria 1055:1074 filamentous bacteria in the form of microcolonies 1055:1103 The microparticles (5-10 μm) were primarily composed of Streptobacilli and/or filamentous bacteria in the form of microcolonies, while the submicrometer particles and colloids (1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm) had more free/single cocci and bacilli. 27783478 8 42 dep particles 1774:1782 arg1 in/on 1764:1768 in/on 1764:1768 in/on 1764:1768 Such insights reveal that previous foulant-characterization studies in MBRs tended to overestimate organic fouling, while the biofouling induced by these bacteria in/on the particles and colloids was overlooked. 27783478 1 43 theme colloids 213:220 arg1 role 329:332 their role 323:332 their role in membrane fouling 323:352 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 1 43 theme colloids 213:220 arg1 composition 145:155 composition 145:155 composition 145:155 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 1 43 theme colloids 213:220 arg1 structure 175:183 morphological structure 161:183 morphological structure 161:183 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 1 43 theme colloids 213:220 arg1 distribution 131:142 The distribution 127:142 The distribution 127:142 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 0 44 theme Particles 49:57 arg1 Significance 21:32 Significance 21:32 Significance 21:32 Characterization and Significance of Sub-Visible Particles and Colloids in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR). 27783478 0 44 theme Particles 49:57 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and Significance of Sub-Visible Particles and Colloids in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR). 27783478 1 45 theme bioreactor 298:307 arg1 supernatant 242:252 the supernatant 238:252 the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) 238:316 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 1 46 from supernatant 242:252 arg1 role 329:332 their role 323:332 their role in membrane fouling 323:352 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 1 46 from supernatant 242:252 arg1 composition 145:155 composition 145:155 composition 145:155 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 1 46 from supernatant 242:252 arg1 structure 175:183 morphological structure 161:183 morphological structure 161:183 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 1 46 from supernatant 242:252 arg1 distribution 131:142 The distribution 127:142 The distribution 127:142 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 3 47 theme fluorescence 615:626 arg1 spectra 628:634 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra 582:634 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra 582:634 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra and monosaccharide analysis showed that these particles and colloids were rich in fluorescent proteins, rhamnose, ribose and arabinose, all of which could be related to cellular and extracellular substances. 27783478 0 48 theme Sub-Visible 37:47 arg1 Particles 49:57 Sub-Visible Particles 37:57 Sub-Visible Particles 37:57 Characterization and Significance of Sub-Visible Particles and Colloids in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR). 27783478 7 49 theme bacterial 1407:1415 arg1 cells 1417:1421 bacterial cells 1407:1421 bacterial cells in/on the particles 1407:1441 Our findings suggest that bacterial cells in/on the particles and colloids could have an important effect on fouling in SAnMBRs as they represent pioneering species attaching to membranes to form fouling layers/biofilm. 27783478 5 50 dep particles 1130:1138 arg1 μm 1175:1176 1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm 1154:1176 μm 1175:1176 The microparticles (5-10 μm) were primarily composed of Streptobacilli and/or filamentous bacteria in the form of microcolonies, while the submicrometer particles and colloids (1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm) had more free/single cocci and bacilli. 27783478 5 50 dep particles 1130:1138 arg1 μm 1158:1159 1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm 1154:1176 μm 1158:1159 The microparticles (5-10 μm) were primarily composed of Streptobacilli and/or filamentous bacteria in the form of microcolonies, while the submicrometer particles and colloids (1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm) had more free/single cocci and bacilli. 27783478 5 50 dep particles 1130:1138 arg1 particles 1130:1138 the submicrometer particles 1112:1138 the submicrometer particles 1112:1138 The microparticles (5-10 μm) were primarily composed of Streptobacilli and/or filamentous bacteria in the form of microcolonies, while the submicrometer particles and colloids (1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm) had more free/single cocci and bacilli. 27783478 5 51 theme kDa-1 1169:1173 arg1 μm 1175:1176 1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm 1154:1176 μm 1175:1176 The microparticles (5-10 μm) were primarily composed of Streptobacilli and/or filamentous bacteria in the form of microcolonies, while the submicrometer particles and colloids (1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm) had more free/single cocci and bacilli. 27783478 5 51 theme kDa-1 1169:1173 arg1 particles 1130:1138 the submicrometer particles 1112:1138 the submicrometer particles 1112:1138 The microparticles (5-10 μm) were primarily composed of Streptobacilli and/or filamentous bacteria in the form of microcolonies, while the submicrometer particles and colloids (1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm) had more free/single cocci and bacilli. 27783478 0 52 theme Colloids 63:70 arg1 Significance 21:32 Significance 21:32 Significance 21:32 Characterization and Significance of Sub-Visible Particles and Colloids in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR). 27783478 0 52 theme Colloids 63:70 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and Significance of Sub-Visible Particles and Colloids in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR). 27783478 6 53 theme more 1322:1325 arg1 cells 1332:1336 more live cells 1322:1336 more live cells 1322:1336 The ratio of live/dead cells varied in different size-fractions, and the particles (1-10 μm) contained more live cells compared with the colloids (100 kDa-1 μm). 27783478 2 54 theme organics 541:548 arg1 % 526:526 over 90% 519:526 over 90% of the total organics (proteins and polysaccharides) 519:579 Photometric analysis showed that the supernatant and membrane foulants were dominated by particles and colloids (0.45-10 μm), which accounted for over 90% of the total organics (proteins and polysaccharides). 27783478 2 54 theme organics 541:548 arg1 organics 541:548 the total organics 531:548 the total organics (proteins and polysaccharides) 531:579 Photometric analysis showed that the supernatant and membrane foulants were dominated by particles and colloids (0.45-10 μm), which accounted for over 90% of the total organics (proteins and polysaccharides). 27783478 3 55 theme EEM 610:612 arg1 spectra 628:634 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra 582:634 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra 582:634 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra and monosaccharide analysis showed that these particles and colloids were rich in fluorescent proteins, rhamnose, ribose and arabinose, all of which could be related to cellular and extracellular substances. 27783478 5 56 theme microcolonies 1091:1103 arg1 form 1083:1086 the form 1079:1086 the form of microcolonies 1079:1103 The microparticles (5-10 μm) were primarily composed of Streptobacilli and/or filamentous bacteria in the form of microcolonies, while the submicrometer particles and colloids (1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm) had more free/single cocci and bacilli. 27783478 4 57 theme electron 870:877 arg1 microscopy 879:888 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy 844:888 microscopy 879:888 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of bacterial cells in/on the subvisible particles and colloids. 27783478 2 58 theme total 535:539 arg1 organics 541:548 the total organics 531:548 the total organics (proteins and polysaccharides) 531:579 Photometric analysis showed that the supernatant and membrane foulants were dominated by particles and colloids (0.45-10 μm), which accounted for over 90% of the total organics (proteins and polysaccharides). 27783478 3 59 theme monosaccharide 640:653 arg1 analysis 655:662 monosaccharide analysis 640:662 monosaccharide analysis 640:662 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra and monosaccharide analysis showed that these particles and colloids were rich in fluorescent proteins, rhamnose, ribose and arabinose, all of which could be related to cellular and extracellular substances. 27783478 5 60 contain had 1179:1181 arg2 bacilli 1210:1216 bacilli 1210:1216 bacilli 1210:1216 The microparticles (5-10 μm) were primarily composed of Streptobacilli and/or filamentous bacteria in the form of microcolonies, while the submicrometer particles and colloids (1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm) had more free/single cocci and bacilli. 27783478 5 60 contain had 1179:1181 arg1 μm 1158:1159 1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm 1154:1176 μm 1158:1159 The microparticles (5-10 μm) were primarily composed of Streptobacilli and/or filamentous bacteria in the form of microcolonies, while the submicrometer particles and colloids (1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm) had more free/single cocci and bacilli. 27783478 5 60 contain had 1179:1181 arg1 particles 1130:1138 the submicrometer particles 1112:1138 the submicrometer particles 1112:1138 The microparticles (5-10 μm) were primarily composed of Streptobacilli and/or filamentous bacteria in the form of microcolonies, while the submicrometer particles and colloids (1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm) had more free/single cocci and bacilli. 27783478 5 60 contain had 1179:1181 arg1 colloids 1144:1151 colloids 1144:1151 colloids 1144:1151 The microparticles (5-10 μm) were primarily composed of Streptobacilli and/or filamentous bacteria in the form of microcolonies, while the submicrometer particles and colloids (1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm) had more free/single cocci and bacilli. 27783478 5 60 contain had 1179:1181 arg2 cocci 1200:1204 cocci 1200:1204 cocci 1200:1204 The microparticles (5-10 μm) were primarily composed of Streptobacilli and/or filamentous bacteria in the form of microcolonies, while the submicrometer particles and colloids (1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm) had more free/single cocci and bacilli. 27783478 5 60 contain had 1179:1181 arg1 μm 1175:1176 1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm 1154:1176 μm 1175:1176 The microparticles (5-10 μm) were primarily composed of Streptobacilli and/or filamentous bacteria in the form of microcolonies, while the submicrometer particles and colloids (1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm) had more free/single cocci and bacilli. 27783478 8 61 theme Such 1601:1604 arg1 insights 1606:1613 Such insights 1601:1613 Such insights 1601:1613 Such insights reveal that previous foulant-characterization studies in MBRs tended to overestimate organic fouling, while the biofouling induced by these bacteria in/on the particles and colloids was overlooked. 27783478 7 62 theme fouling 1577:1583 arg1 layers/biofilm 1585:1598 fouling layers/biofilm 1577:1598 fouling layers/biofilm 1577:1598 Our findings suggest that bacterial cells in/on the particles and colloids could have an important effect on fouling in SAnMBRs as they represent pioneering species attaching to membranes to form fouling layers/biofilm. 27783478 3 63 theme Excitation-emission 582:600 arg1 spectra 628:634 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra 582:634 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra 582:634 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra and monosaccharide analysis showed that these particles and colloids were rich in fluorescent proteins, rhamnose, ribose and arabinose, all of which could be related to cellular and extracellular substances. 27783478 1 64 from colloids 213:220 arg1 supernatant 242:252 the supernatant 238:252 the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) 238:316 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 3 65 theme extracellular 818:830 arg1 substances 832:841 cellular and extracellular substances 805:841 cellular and extracellular substances 805:841 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra and monosaccharide analysis showed that these particles and colloids were rich in fluorescent proteins, rhamnose, ribose and arabinose, all of which could be related to cellular and extracellular substances. 27783478 5 66 theme free/single 1188:1198 arg1 cocci 1200:1204 cocci 1200:1204 cocci 1200:1204 The microparticles (5-10 μm) were primarily composed of Streptobacilli and/or filamentous bacteria in the form of microcolonies, while the submicrometer particles and colloids (1-5 μm and 100 kDa-1 μm) had more free/single cocci and bacilli. 27783478 6 67 theme different 1258:1266 arg1 size-fractions 1268:1281 different size-fractions 1258:1281 different size-fractions 1258:1281 The ratio of live/dead cells varied in different size-fractions, and the particles (1-10 μm) contained more live cells compared with the colloids (100 kDa-1 μm). 27783478 0 68 from Bioreactor 106:115 arg1 Significance 21:32 Significance 21:32 Significance 21:32 Characterization and Significance of Sub-Visible Particles and Colloids in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR). 27783478 0 68 from Bioreactor 106:115 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and Significance of Sub-Visible Particles and Colloids in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR). 27783478 3 69 theme matrix 602:607 arg1 spectra 628:634 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra 582:634 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra 582:634 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra and monosaccharide analysis showed that these particles and colloids were rich in fluorescent proteins, rhamnose, ribose and arabinose, all of which could be related to cellular and extracellular substances. 27783478 7 70 contain have 1462:1465 arg2 effect 1480:1485 an important effect 1467:1485 an important effect 1467:1485 Our findings suggest that bacterial cells in/on the particles and colloids could have an important effect on fouling in SAnMBRs as they represent pioneering species attaching to membranes to form fouling layers/biofilm. 27783478 7 70 contain have 1462:1465 arg1 cells 1417:1421 bacterial cells 1407:1421 bacterial cells in/on the particles 1407:1441 Our findings suggest that bacterial cells in/on the particles and colloids could have an important effect on fouling in SAnMBRs as they represent pioneering species attaching to membranes to form fouling layers/biofilm. 27783478 7 70 contain have 1462:1465 arg1 colloids 1447:1454 colloids 1447:1454 colloids 1447:1454 Our findings suggest that bacterial cells in/on the particles and colloids could have an important effect on fouling in SAnMBRs as they represent pioneering species attaching to membranes to form fouling layers/biofilm. 27783478 4 71 dep in/on 932:936 arg1 colloids 967:974 colloids 967:974 colloids 967:974 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of bacterial cells in/on the subvisible particles and colloids. 27783478 4 71 dep in/on 932:936 arg1 particles 953:961 the subvisible particles 938:961 the subvisible particles 938:961 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of bacterial cells in/on the subvisible particles and colloids. 27783478 7 72 theme pioneering 1527:1536 arg1 species 1538:1544 pioneering species 1527:1544 pioneering species attaching to membranes 1527:1567 Our findings suggest that bacterial cells in/on the particles and colloids could have an important effect on fouling in SAnMBRs as they represent pioneering species attaching to membranes to form fouling layers/biofilm. 27783478 1 73 from particles 199:207 arg1 supernatant 242:252 the supernatant 238:252 the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) 238:316 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 3 74 theme cellular 805:812 arg1 substances 832:841 cellular and extracellular substances 805:841 cellular and extracellular substances 805:841 Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra and monosaccharide analysis showed that these particles and colloids were rich in fluorescent proteins, rhamnose, ribose and arabinose, all of which could be related to cellular and extracellular substances. 27783478 6 75 theme kDa-1 1370:1374 arg1 μm 1376:1377 100 kDa-1 μm 1366:1377 100 kDa-1 μm 1366:1377 The ratio of live/dead cells varied in different size-fractions, and the particles (1-10 μm) contained more live cells compared with the colloids (100 kDa-1 μm). 27783478 6 75 theme kDa-1 1370:1374 arg1 colloids 1356:1363 the colloids 1352:1363 the colloids (100 kDa-1 μm) 1352:1378 The ratio of live/dead cells varied in different size-fractions, and the particles (1-10 μm) contained more live cells compared with the colloids (100 kDa-1 μm). 27783478 1 76 from structure 175:183 arg1 fouling 346:352 membrane fouling 337:352 membrane fouling 337:352 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 1 76 from structure 175:183 arg1 supernatant 242:252 the supernatant 238:252 the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) 238:316 The distribution, composition and morphological structure of subvisible particles and colloids (0.01-10 μm) in the supernatant of a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated. 27783478 8 77 theme previous 1627:1634 arg1 studies 1661:1667 previous foulant-characterization studies 1627:1667 previous foulant-characterization studies in MBRs 1627:1675 Such insights reveal that previous foulant-characterization studies in MBRs tended to overestimate organic fouling, while the biofouling induced by these bacteria in/on the particles and colloids was overlooked. 27783478 4 78 theme cells 926:930 arg1 presence 904:911 the presence 900:911 the presence of bacterial cells in/on the subvisible particles and colloids 900:974 Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of bacterial cells in/on the subvisible particles and colloids. 29035787 0 0 theme functional 78:87 arg1 impact 89:94 their functional impact 72:94 their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture 72:188 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 5 1 theme S 727:727 arg1 protein 729:735 the S protein 723:735 the S protein extracted from partially purified virus particles by proteomics approaches 723:810 Among these sites, 8 sites were confirmed in the S protein extracted from partially purified virus particles by proteomics approaches. 29035787 2 2 gly glycosylation 381:393 arg2 sites 395:399 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites 348:399 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites 348:399 The S protein of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) contains 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites. 29035787 2 2 gly glycosylation 381:393 arg2 29 348:349 29 348:349 29 348:349 The S protein of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) contains 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites. 29035787 4 3 used used 549:552 arg2 we 546:547 we 546:547 we 546:547 In this study, we used bioinformatics tools to predict N-linked glycosylation sites and to analyze their distribution in IBV strains and variants. 29035787 6 4 theme predicted 845:853 arg1 sites 855:859 13 predicted sites 842:859 13 predicted sites 842:859 N-D and N-Q substitutions at 13 predicted sites were introduced into an infectious clone system. 29035787 6 5 theme infectious 885:894 arg1 system 902:907 an infectious clone system 882:907 an infectious clone system 882:907 N-D and N-Q substitutions at 13 predicted sites were introduced into an infectious clone system. 29035787 0 6 theme cell 177:180 arg1 culture 182:188 cell culture 177:188 cell culture 177:188 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 7 7 theme protein-mediated 926:941 arg1 fusion 953:958 S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion 924:958 S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion 924:958 The impact on S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion, viral recovery and infectivity was assessed, leading to the identification of sites essential for the functions of IBV S protein. 29035787 6 8 theme N-Q 821:823 arg1 substitutions 825:837 N-D and N-Q substitutions 813:837 N-D and N-Q substitutions at 13 predicted sites 813:859 N-D and N-Q substitutions at 13 predicted sites were introduced into an infectious clone system. 29035787 8 9 from aspects 1174:1180 arg1 pathogenesis 1239:1250 pathogenesis 1239:1250 pathogenesis 1239:1250 Further characterization of these and other uncharacterized sites may reveal novel aspects of N-linked glycosylation in coronavirus replication and pathogenesis. 29035787 8 9 from aspects 1174:1180 arg1 replication 1223:1233 coronavirus replication 1211:1233 coronavirus replication 1211:1233 Further characterization of these and other uncharacterized sites may reveal novel aspects of N-linked glycosylation in coronavirus replication and pathogenesis. 29035787 7 10 theme protein 1082:1088 arg1 functions 1063:1071 the functions 1059:1071 the functions of IBV S protein 1059:1088 The impact on S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion, viral recovery and infectivity was assessed, leading to the identification of sites essential for the functions of IBV S protein. 29035787 6 11 from sites 855:859 arg1 substitutions 825:837 N-D and N-Q substitutions 813:837 N-D and N-Q substitutions at 13 predicted sites 813:859 N-D and N-Q substitutions at 13 predicted sites were introduced into an infectious clone system. 29035787 0 12 from Identification 0:13 arg1 protein 60:66 the spike protein 50:66 the spike protein 50:66 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 0 12 from Identification 0:13 arg1 infectivity 119:129 infectivity 119:129 infectivity 119:129 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 0 12 from Identification 0:13 arg1 replication 103:113 replication 103:113 replication 103:113 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 7 13 theme IBV 1076:1078 arg1 protein 1082:1088 IBV S protein 1076:1088 IBV S protein 1076:1088 The impact on S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion, viral recovery and infectivity was assessed, leading to the identification of sites essential for the functions of IBV S protein. 29035787 0 14 link N-linked 18:25 arg1 sites 41:45 N-linked glycosylation sites 18:45 N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein 18:66 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 0 15 dep replication 103:113 arg1 the 99:101 the 99:101 the 99:101 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 1 16 theme main 243:246 arg1 glycoprotein 201:212 Spike (S) glycoprotein 191:212 Spike (S) glycoprotein on the viral envelope 191:234 Spike (S) glycoprotein on the viral envelope is the main determinant of infectivity. 29035787 1 16 theme main 243:246 arg1 determinant 248:258 the main determinant 239:258 the main determinant of infectivity 239:273 Spike (S) glycoprotein on the viral envelope is the main determinant of infectivity. 29035787 7 17 theme S 1080:1080 arg1 protein 1082:1088 IBV S protein 1076:1088 IBV S protein 1076:1088 The impact on S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion, viral recovery and infectivity was assessed, leading to the identification of sites essential for the functions of IBV S protein. 29035787 4 18 theme bioinformatics 554:567 arg1 tools 569:573 bioinformatics tools 554:573 bioinformatics tools 554:573 In this study, we used bioinformatics tools to predict N-linked glycosylation sites and to analyze their distribution in IBV strains and variants. 29035787 8 19 theme sites 1151:1155 arg1 characterization 1099:1114 Further characterization 1091:1114 Further characterization of these and other uncharacterized sites 1091:1155 Further characterization of these and other uncharacterized sites may reveal novel aspects of N-linked glycosylation in coronavirus replication and pathogenesis. 29035787 2 20 theme glycosylation 381:393 arg1 sites 395:399 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites 348:399 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites 348:399 The S protein of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) contains 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites. 29035787 8 21 theme novel 1168:1172 arg1 aspects 1174:1180 novel aspects 1168:1180 novel aspects of N-linked glycosylation in coronavirus replication and pathogenesis 1168:1250 Further characterization of these and other uncharacterized sites may reveal novel aspects of N-linked glycosylation in coronavirus replication and pathogenesis. 29035787 3 22 theme post-translational 408:425 arg1 modifications 427:439 These post-translational modifications 402:439 These post-translational modifications 402:439 These post-translational modifications may assist in protein folding and play important roles in the functionality of S protein. 29035787 8 23 theme glycosylation 1194:1206 arg1 aspects 1174:1180 novel aspects 1168:1180 novel aspects of N-linked glycosylation in coronavirus replication and pathogenesis 1168:1250 Further characterization of these and other uncharacterized sites may reveal novel aspects of N-linked glycosylation in coronavirus replication and pathogenesis. 29035787 2 24 contain contains 339:346 arg2 sites 395:399 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites 348:399 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites 348:399 The S protein of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) contains 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites. 29035787 2 24 contain contains 339:346 arg1 protein 282:288 The S protein 276:288 The S protein of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) 276:337 The S protein of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) contains 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites. 29035787 3 25 theme S 520:520 arg1 protein 522:528 S protein 520:528 S protein 520:528 These post-translational modifications may assist in protein folding and play important roles in the functionality of S protein. 29035787 4 26 from distribution 636:647 arg1 variants 668:675 variants 668:675 variants 668:675 In this study, we used bioinformatics tools to predict N-linked glycosylation sites and to analyze their distribution in IBV strains and variants. 29035787 4 26 from distribution 636:647 arg1 strains 656:662 IBV strains 652:662 IBV strains 652:662 In this study, we used bioinformatics tools to predict N-linked glycosylation sites and to analyze their distribution in IBV strains and variants. 29035787 8 27 theme coronavirus 1211:1221 arg1 replication 1223:1233 coronavirus replication 1211:1233 coronavirus replication 1211:1233 Further characterization of these and other uncharacterized sites may reveal novel aspects of N-linked glycosylation in coronavirus replication and pathogenesis. 29035787 5 28 theme virus 771:775 arg1 particles 777:785 partially purified virus particles 752:785 partially purified virus particles 752:785 Among these sites, 8 sites were confirmed in the S protein extracted from partially purified virus particles by proteomics approaches. 29035787 0 29 from sites 41:45 arg1 protein 60:66 the spike protein 50:66 the spike protein 50:66 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 1 30 gly glycoprotein 201:212 arg1 determinant 248:258 the main determinant 239:258 the main determinant of infectivity 239:273 Spike (S) glycoprotein on the viral envelope is the main determinant of infectivity. 29035787 1 30 gly glycoprotein 201:212 arg1 glycoprotein 201:212 Spike (S) glycoprotein 191:212 Spike (S) glycoprotein on the viral envelope 191:234 Spike (S) glycoprotein on the viral envelope is the main determinant of infectivity. 29035787 2 31 theme coronavirus 293:303 arg1 virus 327:331 coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus 293:331 coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) 293:337 The S protein of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) contains 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites. 29035787 2 31 theme coronavirus 293:303 arg1 IBV 334:336 IBV 334:336 IBV 334:336 The S protein of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) contains 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites. 29035787 4 32 theme IBV 652:654 arg1 strains 656:662 IBV strains 652:662 IBV strains 652:662 In this study, we used bioinformatics tools to predict N-linked glycosylation sites and to analyze their distribution in IBV strains and variants. 29035787 8 33 link N-linked 1185:1192 arg1 glycosylation 1194:1206 N-linked glycosylation 1185:1206 N-linked glycosylation 1185:1206 Further characterization of these and other uncharacterized sites may reveal novel aspects of N-linked glycosylation in coronavirus replication and pathogenesis. 29035787 2 34 link -linked 373:379 arg1 sites 395:399 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites 348:399 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites 348:399 The S protein of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) contains 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites. 29035787 8 35 theme these 1119:1123 arg1 characterization 1099:1114 Further characterization 1091:1114 Further characterization of these and other uncharacterized sites 1091:1155 Further characterization of these and other uncharacterized sites may reveal novel aspects of N-linked glycosylation in coronavirus replication and pathogenesis. 29035787 1 36 theme Spike 191:195 arg1 determinant 248:258 the main determinant 239:258 the main determinant of infectivity 239:273 Spike (S) glycoprotein on the viral envelope is the main determinant of infectivity. 29035787 1 36 theme Spike 191:195 arg1 glycoprotein 201:212 Spike (S) glycoprotein 191:212 Spike (S) glycoprotein on the viral envelope 191:234 Spike (S) glycoprotein on the viral envelope is the main determinant of infectivity. 29035787 0 37 theme glycosylation 27:39 arg1 sites 41:45 N-linked glycosylation sites 18:45 N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein 18:66 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 1 38 theme infectivity 263:273 arg1 glycoprotein 201:212 Spike (S) glycoprotein 191:212 Spike (S) glycoprotein on the viral envelope 191:234 Spike (S) glycoprotein on the viral envelope is the main determinant of infectivity. 29035787 1 38 theme infectivity 263:273 arg1 determinant 248:258 the main determinant 239:258 the main determinant of infectivity 239:273 Spike (S) glycoprotein on the viral envelope is the main determinant of infectivity. 29035787 7 39 theme sites 1039:1043 arg1 identification 1021:1034 the identification 1017:1034 the identification of sites essential for the functions of IBV S protein 1017:1088 The impact on S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion, viral recovery and infectivity was assessed, leading to the identification of sites essential for the functions of IBV S protein. 29035787 4 40 gly glycosylation 595:607 arg2 sites 609:613 N-linked glycosylation sites 586:613 N-linked glycosylation sites 586:613 In this study, we used bioinformatics tools to predict N-linked glycosylation sites and to analyze their distribution in IBV strains and variants. 29035787 0 41 theme N-linked 18:25 arg1 sites 41:45 N-linked glycosylation sites 18:45 N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein 18:66 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 7 42 theme essential 1045:1053 arg1 sites 1039:1043 sites 1039:1043 sites essential for the functions of IBV S protein 1039:1088 The impact on S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion, viral recovery and infectivity was assessed, leading to the identification of sites essential for the functions of IBV S protein. 29035787 2 43 theme S 280:280 arg1 protein 282:288 The S protein 276:288 The S protein of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) 276:337 The S protein of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) contains 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites. 29035787 1 44 theme S 198:198 arg1 determinant 248:258 the main determinant 239:258 the main determinant of infectivity 239:273 Spike (S) glycoprotein on the viral envelope is the main determinant of infectivity. 29035787 1 44 theme S 198:198 arg1 glycoprotein 201:212 Spike (S) glycoprotein 191:212 Spike (S) glycoprotein on the viral envelope 191:234 Spike (S) glycoprotein on the viral envelope is the main determinant of infectivity. 29035787 8 45 theme N-linked 1185:1192 arg1 glycosylation 1194:1206 N-linked glycosylation 1185:1206 N-linked glycosylation 1185:1206 Further characterization of these and other uncharacterized sites may reveal novel aspects of N-linked glycosylation in coronavirus replication and pathogenesis. 29035787 3 46 theme important 480:488 arg1 roles 490:494 important roles 480:494 important roles 480:494 These post-translational modifications may assist in protein folding and play important roles in the functionality of S protein. 29035787 0 47 theme coronavirus 134:144 arg1 virus 168:172 coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus 134:172 coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus 134:172 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 4 48 link N-linked 586:593 arg1 sites 609:613 N-linked glycosylation sites 586:613 N-linked glycosylation sites 586:613 In this study, we used bioinformatics tools to predict N-linked glycosylation sites and to analyze their distribution in IBV strains and variants. 29035787 2 49 theme putative 351:358 arg1 sites 395:399 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites 348:399 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites 348:399 The S protein of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) contains 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites. 29035787 2 50 theme -linked 373:379 arg1 sites 395:399 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites 348:399 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites 348:399 The S protein of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) contains 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites. 29035787 0 51 theme sites 41:45 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein 0:66 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 0 51 theme sites 41:45 arg1 impact 89:94 their functional impact 72:94 their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture 72:188 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 4 52 dep used 549:552 arg1 predict 578:584 predict 578:584 to predict N-linked glycosylation sites 575:613 In this study, we used bioinformatics tools to predict N-linked glycosylation sites and to analyze their distribution in IBV strains and variants. 29035787 4 52 dep used 549:552 arg1 analyze 622:628 analyze 622:628 to analyze their distribution in IBV strains and variants 619:675 In this study, we used bioinformatics tools to predict N-linked glycosylation sites and to analyze their distribution in IBV strains and variants. 29035787 1 53 theme viral 221:225 arg1 envelope 227:234 the viral envelope 217:234 the viral envelope 217:234 Spike (S) glycoprotein on the viral envelope is the main determinant of infectivity. 29035787 8 54 theme uncharacterized 1135:1149 arg1 sites 1151:1155 other uncharacterized sites 1129:1155 other uncharacterized sites 1129:1155 Further characterization of these and other uncharacterized sites may reveal novel aspects of N-linked glycosylation in coronavirus replication and pathogenesis. 29035787 0 55 theme spike 54:58 arg1 protein 60:66 the spike protein 50:66 the spike protein 50:66 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 8 56 theme other 1129:1133 arg1 sites 1151:1155 other uncharacterized sites 1129:1155 other uncharacterized sites 1129:1155 Further characterization of these and other uncharacterized sites may reveal novel aspects of N-linked glycosylation in coronavirus replication and pathogenesis. 29035787 0 57 theme bronchitis 157:166 arg1 virus 168:172 coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus 134:172 coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus 134:172 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 0 58 from protein 60:66 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein 0:66 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 0 58 from protein 60:66 arg1 impact 89:94 their functional impact 72:94 their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture 72:188 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 1 59 from glycoprotein 201:212 arg1 envelope 227:234 the viral envelope 217:234 the viral envelope 217:234 Spike (S) glycoprotein on the viral envelope is the main determinant of infectivity. 29035787 3 60 theme protein 455:461 arg1 folding 463:469 protein folding 455:469 protein folding 455:469 These post-translational modifications may assist in protein folding and play important roles in the functionality of S protein. 29035787 5 61 theme purified 762:769 arg1 particles 777:785 partially purified virus particles 752:785 partially purified virus particles 752:785 Among these sites, 8 sites were confirmed in the S protein extracted from partially purified virus particles by proteomics approaches. 29035787 0 62 theme infectious 146:155 arg1 virus 168:172 coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus 134:172 coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus 134:172 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 0 63 from replication 103:113 arg1 culture 182:188 cell culture 177:188 cell culture 177:188 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 0 64 gly glycosylation 27:39 arg2 sites 41:45 N-linked glycosylation sites 18:45 N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein 18:66 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 2 65 theme virus 327:331 arg1 protein 282:288 The S protein 276:288 The S protein of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) 276:337 The S protein of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) contains 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites. 29035787 7 66 from impact 914:919 arg1 infectivity 980:990 infectivity 980:990 infectivity 980:990 The impact on S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion, viral recovery and infectivity was assessed, leading to the identification of sites essential for the functions of IBV S protein. 29035787 7 66 from impact 914:919 arg1 fusion 953:958 S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion 924:958 S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion 924:958 The impact on S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion, viral recovery and infectivity was assessed, leading to the identification of sites essential for the functions of IBV S protein. 29035787 7 66 from impact 914:919 arg1 recovery 967:974 viral recovery 961:974 viral recovery 961:974 The impact on S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion, viral recovery and infectivity was assessed, leading to the identification of sites essential for the functions of IBV S protein. 29035787 6 67 theme N-D 813:815 arg1 substitutions 825:837 N-D and N-Q substitutions 813:837 N-D and N-Q substitutions at 13 predicted sites 813:859 N-D and N-Q substitutions at 13 predicted sites were introduced into an infectious clone system. 29035787 7 68 theme cell-cell 943:951 arg1 fusion 953:958 S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion 924:958 S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion 924:958 The impact on S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion, viral recovery and infectivity was assessed, leading to the identification of sites essential for the functions of IBV S protein. 29035787 2 69 theme bronchitis 316:325 arg1 virus 327:331 coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus 293:331 coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) 293:337 The S protein of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) contains 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites. 29035787 2 69 theme bronchitis 316:325 arg1 IBV 334:336 IBV 334:336 IBV 334:336 The S protein of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) contains 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites. 29035787 0 70 theme virus 168:172 arg1 infectivity 119:129 infectivity 119:129 infectivity 119:129 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 0 70 theme virus 168:172 arg1 replication 103:113 replication 103:113 replication 103:113 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 3 71 theme protein 522:528 arg1 functionality 503:515 the functionality 499:515 the functionality of S protein 499:528 These post-translational modifications may assist in protein folding and play important roles in the functionality of S protein. 29035787 7 72 theme viral 961:965 arg1 recovery 967:974 viral recovery 961:974 viral recovery 961:974 The impact on S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion, viral recovery and infectivity was assessed, leading to the identification of sites essential for the functions of IBV S protein. 29035787 2 73 theme infectious 305:314 arg1 virus 327:331 coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus 293:331 coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) 293:337 The S protein of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) contains 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites. 29035787 2 73 theme infectious 305:314 arg1 IBV 334:336 IBV 334:336 IBV 334:336 The S protein of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) contains 29 putative asparagine(N)-linked glycosylation sites. 29035787 0 74 from impact 89:94 arg1 protein 60:66 the spike protein 50:66 the spike protein 50:66 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 0 74 from impact 89:94 arg1 infectivity 119:129 infectivity 119:129 infectivity 119:129 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 0 74 from impact 89:94 arg1 replication 103:113 replication 103:113 replication 103:113 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 4 75 theme glycosylation 595:607 arg1 sites 609:613 N-linked glycosylation sites 586:613 N-linked glycosylation sites 586:613 In this study, we used bioinformatics tools to predict N-linked glycosylation sites and to analyze their distribution in IBV strains and variants. 29035787 0 76 from infectivity 119:129 arg1 culture 182:188 cell culture 177:188 cell culture 177:188 Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in the spike protein and their functional impact on the replication and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. 29035787 8 77 theme Further 1091:1097 arg1 characterization 1099:1114 Further characterization 1091:1114 Further characterization of these and other uncharacterized sites 1091:1155 Further characterization of these and other uncharacterized sites may reveal novel aspects of N-linked glycosylation in coronavirus replication and pathogenesis. 29035787 6 78 theme clone 896:900 arg1 system 902:907 an infectious clone system 882:907 an infectious clone system 882:907 N-D and N-Q substitutions at 13 predicted sites were introduced into an infectious clone system. 29035787 5 79 theme proteomics 790:799 arg1 approaches 801:810 proteomics approaches 790:810 proteomics approaches 790:810 Among these sites, 8 sites were confirmed in the S protein extracted from partially purified virus particles by proteomics approaches. 29035787 4 80 theme N-linked 586:593 arg1 sites 609:613 N-linked glycosylation sites 586:613 N-linked glycosylation sites 586:613 In this study, we used bioinformatics tools to predict N-linked glycosylation sites and to analyze their distribution in IBV strains and variants. 26864732 3 0 theme element 537:543 arg1 distributions 545:557 element distributions 537:557 element distributions in heterococcoliths 537:577 We have mapped heterococcoliths' composition using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) with a 100-nm resolution beam to decipher element distributions in heterococcoliths and to investigate the potential development of geochemical proxies for palaeoceanography. 26864732 13 1 theme cellular 2041:2048 arg1 physiology 2050:2059 an unusual cellular physiology 2030:2059 an unusual cellular physiology of Mesozoic coccolithophores 2030:2088 The low Sr/Ca in the W. britannica specimens studied here may either highlight an unusual cellular physiology of Mesozoic coccolithophores or result from low growth rates in oligotrophic environments. 26864732 2 2 theme last 258:261 arg1 Myr 282:284 Myr 282:284 Myr 282:284 They have been the most abundant and continuous fossil record over the last 215 million years (Myr), offering great potential for geochemical studies, although the heterococcolith fossil record remains underutilised in this domain. 26864732 2 2 theme last 258:261 arg1 years 275:279 the last 215 million years 254:279 the last 215 million years (Myr) 254:285 They have been the most abundant and continuous fossil record over the last 215 million years (Myr), offering great potential for geochemical studies, although the heterococcolith fossil record remains underutilised in this domain. 26864732 3 3 from distributions 545:557 arg1 heterococcoliths 562:577 heterococcoliths 562:577 heterococcoliths 562:577 We have mapped heterococcoliths' composition using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) with a 100-nm resolution beam to decipher element distributions in heterococcoliths and to investigate the potential development of geochemical proxies for palaeoceanography. 26864732 6 4 theme heterococcoliths 1165:1180 arg1 area 1153:1156 the central area 1141:1156 the central area of the heterococcoliths 1141:1180 Cl, Br and S display an homogeneous distribution, whereas K, Fe, Cu, Zn and Rb are concentrated at the edges and in the central area of the heterococcoliths. 26864732 10 5 dep [Cl 1558:1560 arg1 - 1562:1562 - 1562:1562 - 1562:1562 We assume that the cytoplasm [Cl(-) ] and [Br(-) ] are mediated and constant during heterococcolithogenesis. 26864732 4 6 theme Middle 693:698 arg1 heterococcoliths 732:747 two Middle Jurassic Watznaueria britannica heterococcoliths 689:747 two Middle Jurassic Watznaueria britannica heterococcoliths from Cabo Mondego, Portugal 689:775 The study presents two Middle Jurassic Watznaueria britannica heterococcoliths from Cabo Mondego, Portugal. 26864732 11 7 theme sea 1699:1701 arg1 [Cl 1709:1711 sea water [Cl 1699:1711 sea water [Cl(-) ] 1699:1716 Assuming a linear correlation between cytoplasm [Cl(-) ] and sea water [Cl(-) ], heterococcolith Cl may have potential as a salinity proxy. 26864732 3 8 theme potential 602:610 arg1 development 612:622 the potential development 598:622 the potential development of geochemical proxies for palaeoceanography 598:667 We have mapped heterococcoliths' composition using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) with a 100-nm resolution beam to decipher element distributions in heterococcoliths and to investigate the potential development of geochemical proxies for palaeoceanography. 26864732 12 9 theme sulphated 1824:1832 arg1 polysaccharides 1834:1848 sulphated polysaccharides 1824:1848 sulphated polysaccharides 1824:1848 As S is incorporated into heterococcoliths by sulphated polysaccharides, our study suggests a role for such polysaccharides in heterococcolithogenesis for at least 170 Myr. 26864732 4 10 theme Watznaueria 709:719 arg1 heterococcoliths 732:747 two Middle Jurassic Watznaueria britannica heterococcoliths 689:747 two Middle Jurassic Watznaueria britannica heterococcoliths from Cabo Mondego, Portugal 689:775 The study presents two Middle Jurassic Watznaueria britannica heterococcoliths from Cabo Mondego, Portugal. 26864732 11 11 dep [Cl 1686:1688 arg1 - 1690:1690 - 1690:1690 - 1690:1690 Assuming a linear correlation between cytoplasm [Cl(-) ] and sea water [Cl(-) ], heterococcolith Cl may have potential as a salinity proxy. 26864732 2 12 theme 215 million 263:273 arg1 Myr 282:284 Myr 282:284 Myr 282:284 They have been the most abundant and continuous fossil record over the last 215 million years (Myr), offering great potential for geochemical studies, although the heterococcolith fossil record remains underutilised in this domain. 26864732 2 12 theme 215 million 263:273 arg1 years 275:279 the last 215 million years 254:279 the last 215 million years (Myr) 254:285 They have been the most abundant and continuous fossil record over the last 215 million years (Myr), offering great potential for geochemical studies, although the heterococcolith fossil record remains underutilised in this domain. 26864732 5 13 from Sr 926:927 arg1 elements 912:919 elements 912:919 elements from Sr down to S. Ca, Sr and Mn are distributed following the heterococcolith crystalline arrangement 912:1022 XRF analysis was performed with a 17 keV incident energy beam at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline to study elements from Sr down to S. Ca, Sr and Mn are distributed following the heterococcolith crystalline arrangement. 26864732 5 14 theme down 929:932 arg1 Ca 940:941 down to S. Ca 929:941 down to S. Ca 929:941 XRF analysis was performed with a 17 keV incident energy beam at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline to study elements from Sr down to S. Ca, Sr and Mn are distributed following the heterococcolith crystalline arrangement. 26864732 7 15 theme diagenetic 1317:1326 arg1 overgrowth 1328:1337 peripheral diagenetic overgrowth 1306:1337 peripheral diagenetic overgrowth 1306:1337 Distributions of K, Fe, Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb and to a lesser extent V and Cr are highly influenced by clay contamination and peripheral diagenetic overgrowth. 26864732 13 16 from Sr/Ca 1959:1963 arg1 specimens 1986:1994 the W. britannica specimens 1968:1994 the W. britannica specimens studied here 1968:2007 The low Sr/Ca in the W. britannica specimens studied here may either highlight an unusual cellular physiology of Mesozoic coccolithophores or result from low growth rates in oligotrophic environments. 26864732 13 17 theme W. britannica 1972:1984 arg1 specimens 1986:1994 the W. britannica specimens 1968:1994 the W. britannica specimens studied here 1968:2007 The low Sr/Ca in the W. britannica specimens studied here may either highlight an unusual cellular physiology of Mesozoic coccolithophores or result from low growth rates in oligotrophic environments. 26864732 3 18 theme proxies 639:645 arg1 development 612:622 the potential development 598:622 the potential development of geochemical proxies for palaeoceanography 598:667 We have mapped heterococcoliths' composition using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) with a 100-nm resolution beam to decipher element distributions in heterococcoliths and to investigate the potential development of geochemical proxies for palaeoceanography. 26864732 8 19 theme heterococcoliths 1414:1429 arg1 shields 1431:1437 heterococcoliths shields 1414:1437 heterococcoliths shields 1414:1437 Mn is related to diagenetic Mn-rich CaCO3 overgrowth on top of or between heterococcoliths shields. 26864732 5 20 theme heterococcolith 984:998 arg1 arrangement 1012:1022 the heterococcolith crystalline arrangement 980:1022 the heterococcolith crystalline arrangement 980:1022 XRF analysis was performed with a 17 keV incident energy beam at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline to study elements from Sr down to S. Ca, Sr and Mn are distributed following the heterococcolith crystalline arrangement. 26864732 7 21 theme clay 1283:1286 arg1 contamination 1288:1300 clay contamination 1283:1300 clay contamination 1283:1300 Distributions of K, Fe, Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb and to a lesser extent V and Cr are highly influenced by clay contamination and peripheral diagenetic overgrowth. 26864732 0 22 theme X-ray 77:81 arg1 mapping 96:102 high-resolution X-ray fluorescence mapping 61:102 high-resolution X-ray fluorescence mapping 61:102 Perspectives on heterococcolith geochemical proxies based on high-resolution X-ray fluorescence mapping. 26864732 13 23 theme low 1955:1957 arg1 Sr/Ca 1959:1963 The low Sr/Ca 1951:1963 The low Sr/Ca in the W. britannica specimens studied here 1951:2007 The low Sr/Ca in the W. britannica specimens studied here may either highlight an unusual cellular physiology of Mesozoic coccolithophores or result from low growth rates in oligotrophic environments. 26864732 6 24 dep display 1038:1044 arg1 whereas 1075:1081 whereas 1075:1081 whereas 1075:1081 Cl, Br and S display an homogeneous distribution, whereas K, Fe, Cu, Zn and Rb are concentrated at the edges and in the central area of the heterococcoliths. 26864732 11 25 dep [Cl 1709:1711 arg1 - 1713:1713 - 1713:1713 - 1713:1713 Assuming a linear correlation between cytoplasm [Cl(-) ] and sea water [Cl(-) ], heterococcolith Cl may have potential as a salinity proxy. 26864732 9 26 from heterococcoliths 1478:1493 arg1 present 1467:1473 present 1467:1473 present 1467:1473 Cl and Br are likely to be present in heterococcoliths inside interstitial nano-domains. 26864732 6 27 theme homogeneous 1049:1059 arg1 distribution 1061:1072 an homogeneous distribution 1046:1072 an homogeneous distribution 1046:1072 Cl, Br and S display an homogeneous distribution, whereas K, Fe, Cu, Zn and Rb are concentrated at the edges and in the central area of the heterococcoliths. 26864732 0 28 from Perspectives 0:11 arg1 proxies 44:50 heterococcolith geochemical proxies 16:50 heterococcolith geochemical proxies 16:50 Perspectives on heterococcolith geochemical proxies based on high-resolution X-ray fluorescence mapping. 26864732 5 29 theme incident 819:826 arg1 beam 835:838 a 17 keV incident energy beam 810:838 a 17 keV incident energy beam at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline 810:901 XRF analysis was performed with a 17 keV incident energy beam at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline to study elements from Sr down to S. Ca, Sr and Mn are distributed following the heterococcolith crystalline arrangement. 26864732 0 30 theme fluorescence 83:94 arg1 mapping 96:102 high-resolution X-ray fluorescence mapping 61:102 high-resolution X-ray fluorescence mapping 61:102 Perspectives on heterococcolith geochemical proxies based on high-resolution X-ray fluorescence mapping. 26864732 7 31 theme K 1200:1200 arg1 Distributions 1183:1195 Distributions 1183:1195 Distributions of K, Fe, Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb and to a lesser extent V and Cr 1183:1256 Distributions of K, Fe, Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb and to a lesser extent V and Cr are highly influenced by clay contamination and peripheral diagenetic overgrowth. 26864732 0 32 theme heterococcolith 16:30 arg1 proxies 44:50 heterococcolith geochemical proxies 16:50 heterococcolith geochemical proxies 16:50 Perspectives on heterococcolith geochemical proxies based on high-resolution X-ray fluorescence mapping. 26864732 1 33 theme calcite 139:145 arg1 platelets 147:155 micron-scale calcite platelets 126:155 micron-scale calcite platelets produced by coccolithophores 126:184 Heterococcoliths are micron-scale calcite platelets produced by coccolithophores. 26864732 1 33 theme calcite 139:145 arg1 Heterococcoliths 105:120 Heterococcoliths 105:120 Heterococcoliths 105:120 Heterococcoliths are micron-scale calcite platelets produced by coccolithophores. 26864732 2 34 theme abundant 211:218 arg1 They 187:190 They 187:190 They 187:190 They have been the most abundant and continuous fossil record over the last 215 million years (Myr), offering great potential for geochemical studies, although the heterococcolith fossil record remains underutilised in this domain. 26864732 2 34 theme abundant 211:218 arg1 record 242:247 the most abundant and continuous fossil record 202:247 the most abundant and continuous fossil record 202:247 They have been the most abundant and continuous fossil record over the last 215 million years (Myr), offering great potential for geochemical studies, although the heterococcolith fossil record remains underutilised in this domain. 26864732 5 35 theme Synchrotron 856:866 arg1 beamline 894:901 the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline 843:901 the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline 843:901 XRF analysis was performed with a 17 keV incident energy beam at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline to study elements from Sr down to S. Ca, Sr and Mn are distributed following the heterococcolith crystalline arrangement. 26864732 8 36 theme diagenetic 1357:1366 arg1 overgrowth 1382:1391 diagenetic Mn-rich CaCO3 overgrowth 1357:1391 diagenetic Mn-rich CaCO3 overgrowth on top of or between heterococcoliths shields 1357:1437 Mn is related to diagenetic Mn-rich CaCO3 overgrowth on top of or between heterococcoliths shields. 26864732 5 37 theme Facility 878:885 arg1 beamline 894:901 the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline 843:901 the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline 843:901 XRF analysis was performed with a 17 keV incident energy beam at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline to study elements from Sr down to S. Ca, Sr and Mn are distributed following the heterococcolith crystalline arrangement. 26864732 13 38 theme growth 2109:2114 arg1 rates 2116:2120 low growth rates 2105:2120 low growth rates in oligotrophic environments 2105:2149 The low Sr/Ca in the W. britannica specimens studied here may either highlight an unusual cellular physiology of Mesozoic coccolithophores or result from low growth rates in oligotrophic environments. 26864732 3 39 theme 100-nm 502:507 arg1 beam 520:523 a 100-nm resolution beam 500:523 a 100-nm resolution beam 500:523 We have mapped heterococcoliths' composition using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) with a 100-nm resolution beam to decipher element distributions in heterococcoliths and to investigate the potential development of geochemical proxies for palaeoceanography. 26864732 7 40 theme lesser 1235:1240 arg1 extent 1242:1247 a lesser extent V and Cr 1233:1256 extent 1242:1247 Distributions of K, Fe, Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb and to a lesser extent V and Cr are highly influenced by clay contamination and peripheral diagenetic overgrowth. 26864732 8 41 theme CaCO3 1376:1380 arg1 overgrowth 1382:1391 diagenetic Mn-rich CaCO3 overgrowth 1357:1391 diagenetic Mn-rich CaCO3 overgrowth on top of or between heterococcoliths shields 1357:1437 Mn is related to diagenetic Mn-rich CaCO3 overgrowth on top of or between heterococcoliths shields. 26864732 11 42 theme heterococcolith 1719:1733 arg1 Cl 1735:1736 heterococcolith Cl 1719:1736 heterococcolith Cl 1719:1736 Assuming a linear correlation between cytoplasm [Cl(-) ] and sea water [Cl(-) ], heterococcolith Cl may have potential as a salinity proxy. 26864732 13 43 theme Mesozoic 2064:2071 arg1 coccolithophores 2073:2088 Mesozoic coccolithophores 2064:2088 Mesozoic coccolithophores 2064:2088 The low Sr/Ca in the W. britannica specimens studied here may either highlight an unusual cellular physiology of Mesozoic coccolithophores or result from low growth rates in oligotrophic environments. 26864732 2 44 theme continuous 224:233 arg1 They 187:190 They 187:190 They 187:190 They have been the most abundant and continuous fossil record over the last 215 million years (Myr), offering great potential for geochemical studies, although the heterococcolith fossil record remains underutilised in this domain. 26864732 2 44 theme continuous 224:233 arg1 record 242:247 the most abundant and continuous fossil record 202:247 the most abundant and continuous fossil record 202:247 They have been the most abundant and continuous fossil record over the last 215 million years (Myr), offering great potential for geochemical studies, although the heterococcolith fossil record remains underutilised in this domain. 26864732 5 45 dep elements 912:919 arg1 distributed 958:968 distributed 958:968 are distributed following the heterococcolith crystalline arrangement 954:1022 XRF analysis was performed with a 17 keV incident energy beam at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline to study elements from Sr down to S. Ca, Sr and Mn are distributed following the heterococcolith crystalline arrangement. 26864732 0 46 theme high-resolution 61:75 arg1 mapping 96:102 high-resolution X-ray fluorescence mapping 61:102 high-resolution X-ray fluorescence mapping 61:102 Perspectives on heterococcolith geochemical proxies based on high-resolution X-ray fluorescence mapping. 26864732 2 47 dep record 242:247 arg1 although 338:345 although 338:345 although 338:345 They have been the most abundant and continuous fossil record over the last 215 million years (Myr), offering great potential for geochemical studies, although the heterococcolith fossil record remains underutilised in this domain. 26864732 4 48 from Portugal 768:775 arg1 heterococcoliths 732:747 two Middle Jurassic Watznaueria britannica heterococcoliths 689:747 two Middle Jurassic Watznaueria britannica heterococcoliths from Cabo Mondego, Portugal 689:775 The study presents two Middle Jurassic Watznaueria britannica heterococcoliths from Cabo Mondego, Portugal. 26864732 13 49 theme unusual 2033:2039 arg1 physiology 2050:2059 an unusual cellular physiology 2030:2059 an unusual cellular physiology of Mesozoic coccolithophores 2030:2088 The low Sr/Ca in the W. britannica specimens studied here may either highlight an unusual cellular physiology of Mesozoic coccolithophores or result from low growth rates in oligotrophic environments. 26864732 9 50 from present 1467:1473 arg1 heterococcoliths 1478:1493 heterococcoliths 1478:1493 heterococcoliths inside interstitial nano-domains 1478:1526 Cl and Br are likely to be present in heterococcoliths inside interstitial nano-domains. 26864732 12 51 from polysaccharides 1886:1900 arg1 heterococcolithogenesis 1905:1927 heterococcolithogenesis 1905:1927 heterococcolithogenesis 1905:1927 As S is incorporated into heterococcoliths by sulphated polysaccharides, our study suggests a role for such polysaccharides in heterococcolithogenesis for at least 170 Myr. 26864732 2 52 theme great 297:301 arg1 potential 303:311 great potential 297:311 great potential for geochemical studies 297:335 They have been the most abundant and continuous fossil record over the last 215 million years (Myr), offering great potential for geochemical studies, although the heterococcolith fossil record remains underutilised in this domain. 26864732 12 53 theme such 1881:1884 arg1 polysaccharides 1886:1900 such polysaccharides 1881:1900 such polysaccharides in heterococcolithogenesis 1881:1927 As S is incorporated into heterococcoliths by sulphated polysaccharides, our study suggests a role for such polysaccharides in heterococcolithogenesis for at least 170 Myr. 26864732 2 54 from underutilised 389:401 arg1 domain 411:416 this domain 406:416 this domain 406:416 They have been the most abundant and continuous fossil record over the last 215 million years (Myr), offering great potential for geochemical studies, although the heterococcolith fossil record remains underutilised in this domain. 26864732 4 55 theme britannica 721:730 arg1 heterococcoliths 732:747 two Middle Jurassic Watznaueria britannica heterococcoliths 689:747 two Middle Jurassic Watznaueria britannica heterococcoliths from Cabo Mondego, Portugal 689:775 The study presents two Middle Jurassic Watznaueria britannica heterococcoliths from Cabo Mondego, Portugal. 26864732 10 56 theme cytoplasm 1548:1556 arg1 [Cl 1558:1560 the cytoplasm [Cl 1544:1560 the cytoplasm [Cl(-) ] 1544:1565 We assume that the cytoplasm [Cl(-) ] and [Br(-) ] are mediated and constant during heterococcolithogenesis. 26864732 10 56 theme cytoplasm 1548:1556 arg1 mediated 1584:1591 mediated 1584:1591 mediated 1584:1591 We assume that the cytoplasm [Cl(-) ] and [Br(-) ] are mediated and constant during heterococcolithogenesis. 26864732 5 57 theme XRF 778:780 arg1 analysis 782:789 XRF analysis 778:789 XRF analysis 778:789 XRF analysis was performed with a 17 keV incident energy beam at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline to study elements from Sr down to S. Ca, Sr and Mn are distributed following the heterococcolith crystalline arrangement. 26864732 11 58 theme water 1703:1707 arg1 [Cl 1709:1711 sea water [Cl 1699:1711 sea water [Cl(-) ] 1699:1716 Assuming a linear correlation between cytoplasm [Cl(-) ] and sea water [Cl(-) ], heterococcolith Cl may have potential as a salinity proxy. 26864732 4 59 theme Jurassic 700:707 arg1 heterococcoliths 732:747 two Middle Jurassic Watznaueria britannica heterococcoliths 689:747 two Middle Jurassic Watznaueria britannica heterococcoliths from Cabo Mondego, Portugal 689:775 The study presents two Middle Jurassic Watznaueria britannica heterococcoliths from Cabo Mondego, Portugal. 26864732 3 60 theme geochemical 627:637 arg1 proxies 639:645 geochemical proxies 627:645 geochemical proxies for palaeoceanography 627:667 We have mapped heterococcoliths' composition using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) with a 100-nm resolution beam to decipher element distributions in heterococcoliths and to investigate the potential development of geochemical proxies for palaeoceanography. 26864732 3 61 with fluorescence 476:487 arg1 beam 520:523 a 100-nm resolution beam 500:523 a 100-nm resolution beam 500:523 We have mapped heterococcoliths' composition using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) with a 100-nm resolution beam to decipher element distributions in heterococcoliths and to investigate the potential development of geochemical proxies for palaeoceanography. 26864732 9 62 located present 1467:1473 arg2 Cl 1440:1441 Cl 1440:1441 Cl 1440:1441 Cl and Br are likely to be present in heterococcoliths inside interstitial nano-domains. 26864732 9 62 located present 1467:1473 arg1 heterococcoliths 1478:1493 heterococcoliths 1478:1493 heterococcoliths inside interstitial nano-domains 1478:1526 Cl and Br are likely to be present in heterococcoliths inside interstitial nano-domains. 26864732 9 62 located present 1467:1473 arg2 Br 1447:1448 Br 1447:1448 Br 1447:1448 Cl and Br are likely to be present in heterococcoliths inside interstitial nano-domains. 26864732 7 63 theme peripheral 1306:1315 arg1 overgrowth 1328:1337 peripheral diagenetic overgrowth 1306:1337 peripheral diagenetic overgrowth 1306:1337 Distributions of K, Fe, Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb and to a lesser extent V and Cr are highly influenced by clay contamination and peripheral diagenetic overgrowth. 26864732 2 64 theme heterococcolith 351:365 arg1 record 374:379 the heterococcolith fossil record 347:379 the heterococcolith fossil record 347:379 They have been the most abundant and continuous fossil record over the last 215 million years (Myr), offering great potential for geochemical studies, although the heterococcolith fossil record remains underutilised in this domain. 26864732 5 65 theme energy 828:833 arg1 beam 835:838 a 17 keV incident energy beam 810:838 a 17 keV incident energy beam at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline 810:901 XRF analysis was performed with a 17 keV incident energy beam at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline to study elements from Sr down to S. Ca, Sr and Mn are distributed following the heterococcolith crystalline arrangement. 26864732 11 66 theme cytoplasm 1676:1684 arg1 [Cl 1686:1688 cytoplasm [Cl 1676:1688 cytoplasm [Cl(-) ] 1676:1693 Assuming a linear correlation between cytoplasm [Cl(-) ] and sea water [Cl(-) ], heterococcolith Cl may have potential as a salinity proxy. 26864732 13 67 from rates 2116:2120 arg1 environments 2138:2149 oligotrophic environments 2125:2149 oligotrophic environments 2125:2149 The low Sr/Ca in the W. britannica specimens studied here may either highlight an unusual cellular physiology of Mesozoic coccolithophores or result from low growth rates in oligotrophic environments. 26864732 10 68 dep [Br 1571:1573 arg1 - 1575:1575 - 1575:1575 - 1575:1575 We assume that the cytoplasm [Cl(-) ] and [Br(-) ] are mediated and constant during heterococcolithogenesis. 26864732 2 69 theme geochemical 317:327 arg1 studies 329:335 geochemical studies 317:335 geochemical studies 317:335 They have been the most abundant and continuous fossil record over the last 215 million years (Myr), offering great potential for geochemical studies, although the heterococcolith fossil record remains underutilised in this domain. 26864732 5 70 theme 17 keV 812:817 arg1 beam 835:838 a 17 keV incident energy beam 810:838 a 17 keV incident energy beam at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline 810:901 XRF analysis was performed with a 17 keV incident energy beam at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline to study elements from Sr down to S. Ca, Sr and Mn are distributed following the heterococcolith crystalline arrangement. 26864732 9 71 theme interstitial 1502:1513 arg1 nano-domains 1515:1526 interstitial nano-domains 1502:1526 interstitial nano-domains 1502:1526 Cl and Br are likely to be present in heterococcoliths inside interstitial nano-domains. 26864732 5 72 theme ID22NI 887:892 arg1 beamline 894:901 the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline 843:901 the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline 843:901 XRF analysis was performed with a 17 keV incident energy beam at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline to study elements from Sr down to S. Ca, Sr and Mn are distributed following the heterococcolith crystalline arrangement. 26864732 5 73 from beamline 894:901 arg1 beam 835:838 a 17 keV incident energy beam 810:838 a 17 keV incident energy beam at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline 810:901 XRF analysis was performed with a 17 keV incident energy beam at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline to study elements from Sr down to S. Ca, Sr and Mn are distributed following the heterococcolith crystalline arrangement. 26864732 5 74 theme crystalline 1000:1010 arg1 arrangement 1012:1022 the heterococcolith crystalline arrangement 980:1022 the heterococcolith crystalline arrangement 980:1022 XRF analysis was performed with a 17 keV incident energy beam at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline to study elements from Sr down to S. Ca, Sr and Mn are distributed following the heterococcolith crystalline arrangement. 26864732 3 75 theme X-ray 470:474 arg1 fluorescence 476:487 X-ray fluorescence 470:487 X-ray fluorescence (XRF) with a 100-nm resolution beam 470:523 We have mapped heterococcoliths' composition using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) with a 100-nm resolution beam to decipher element distributions in heterococcoliths and to investigate the potential development of geochemical proxies for palaeoceanography. 26864732 3 75 theme X-ray 470:474 arg1 XRF 490:492 XRF 490:492 XRF 490:492 We have mapped heterococcoliths' composition using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) with a 100-nm resolution beam to decipher element distributions in heterococcoliths and to investigate the potential development of geochemical proxies for palaeoceanography. 26864732 0 76 theme geochemical 32:42 arg1 proxies 44:50 heterococcolith geochemical proxies 16:50 heterococcolith geochemical proxies 16:50 Perspectives on heterococcolith geochemical proxies based on high-resolution X-ray fluorescence mapping. 26864732 13 77 theme oligotrophic 2125:2136 arg1 environments 2138:2149 oligotrophic environments 2125:2149 oligotrophic environments 2125:2149 The low Sr/Ca in the W. britannica specimens studied here may either highlight an unusual cellular physiology of Mesozoic coccolithophores or result from low growth rates in oligotrophic environments. 26864732 1 78 theme micron-scale 126:137 arg1 platelets 147:155 micron-scale calcite platelets 126:155 micron-scale calcite platelets produced by coccolithophores 126:184 Heterococcoliths are micron-scale calcite platelets produced by coccolithophores. 26864732 1 78 theme micron-scale 126:137 arg1 Heterococcoliths 105:120 Heterococcoliths 105:120 Heterococcoliths 105:120 Heterococcoliths are micron-scale calcite platelets produced by coccolithophores. 26864732 5 79 theme European 847:854 arg1 beamline 894:901 the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline 843:901 the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline 843:901 XRF analysis was performed with a 17 keV incident energy beam at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline to study elements from Sr down to S. Ca, Sr and Mn are distributed following the heterococcolith crystalline arrangement. 26864732 3 80 dep using 464:468 arg1 investigate 586:596 investigate 586:596 to investigate the potential development of geochemical proxies for palaeoceanography 583:667 We have mapped heterococcoliths' composition using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) with a 100-nm resolution beam to decipher element distributions in heterococcoliths and to investigate the potential development of geochemical proxies for palaeoceanography. 26864732 3 80 dep using 464:468 arg1 decipher 528:535 decipher 528:535 to decipher element distributions in heterococcoliths 525:577 We have mapped heterococcoliths' composition using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) with a 100-nm resolution beam to decipher element distributions in heterococcoliths and to investigate the potential development of geochemical proxies for palaeoceanography. 26864732 5 81 theme Radiation 868:876 arg1 beamline 894:901 the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline 843:901 the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline 843:901 XRF analysis was performed with a 17 keV incident energy beam at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline to study elements from Sr down to S. Ca, Sr and Mn are distributed following the heterococcolith crystalline arrangement. 26864732 13 82 theme low 2105:2107 arg1 rates 2116:2120 low growth rates 2105:2120 low growth rates in oligotrophic environments 2105:2149 The low Sr/Ca in the W. britannica specimens studied here may either highlight an unusual cellular physiology of Mesozoic coccolithophores or result from low growth rates in oligotrophic environments. 26864732 2 83 from domain 411:416 arg1 underutilised 389:401 underutilised 389:401 underutilised 389:401 They have been the most abundant and continuous fossil record over the last 215 million years (Myr), offering great potential for geochemical studies, although the heterococcolith fossil record remains underutilised in this domain. 26864732 6 84 theme central 1145:1151 arg1 area 1153:1156 the central area 1141:1156 the central area of the heterococcoliths 1141:1180 Cl, Br and S display an homogeneous distribution, whereas K, Fe, Cu, Zn and Rb are concentrated at the edges and in the central area of the heterococcoliths. 26864732 11 85 theme linear 1649:1654 arg1 correlation 1656:1666 a linear correlation 1647:1666 a linear correlation between cytoplasm [Cl(-) ] and sea water [Cl(-) ] 1647:1716 Assuming a linear correlation between cytoplasm [Cl(-) ] and sea water [Cl(-) ], heterococcolith Cl may have potential as a salinity proxy. 26864732 2 86 theme fossil 367:372 arg1 record 374:379 the heterococcolith fossil record 347:379 the heterococcolith fossil record 347:379 They have been the most abundant and continuous fossil record over the last 215 million years (Myr), offering great potential for geochemical studies, although the heterococcolith fossil record remains underutilised in this domain. 26864732 11 87 contain have 1742:1745 arg2 proxy 1771:1775 a salinity proxy 1760:1775 a salinity proxy 1760:1775 Assuming a linear correlation between cytoplasm [Cl(-) ] and sea water [Cl(-) ], heterococcolith Cl may have potential as a salinity proxy. 26864732 11 87 contain have 1742:1745 arg1 Cl 1735:1736 heterococcolith Cl 1719:1736 heterococcolith Cl 1719:1736 Assuming a linear correlation between cytoplasm [Cl(-) ] and sea water [Cl(-) ], heterococcolith Cl may have potential as a salinity proxy. 26864732 11 87 contain have 1742:1745 arg2 potential 1747:1755 potential 1747:1755 potential 1747:1755 Assuming a linear correlation between cytoplasm [Cl(-) ] and sea water [Cl(-) ], heterococcolith Cl may have potential as a salinity proxy. 26864732 7 88 dep extent 1242:1247 arg1 V 1249:1249 V 1249:1249 V 1249:1249 Distributions of K, Fe, Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb and to a lesser extent V and Cr are highly influenced by clay contamination and peripheral diagenetic overgrowth. 26864732 9 89 attach present 1467:1473 arg2 Cl 1440:1441 Cl 1440:1441 Cl 1440:1441 Cl and Br are likely to be present in heterococcoliths inside interstitial nano-domains. 26864732 9 89 attach present 1467:1473 arg1 heterococcoliths 1478:1493 heterococcoliths 1478:1493 heterococcoliths inside interstitial nano-domains 1478:1526 Cl and Br are likely to be present in heterococcoliths inside interstitial nano-domains. 26864732 9 89 attach present 1467:1473 arg2 Br 1447:1448 Br 1447:1448 Br 1447:1448 Cl and Br are likely to be present in heterococcoliths inside interstitial nano-domains. 26864732 2 90 theme fossil 235:240 arg1 They 187:190 They 187:190 They 187:190 They have been the most abundant and continuous fossil record over the last 215 million years (Myr), offering great potential for geochemical studies, although the heterococcolith fossil record remains underutilised in this domain. 26864732 2 90 theme fossil 235:240 arg1 record 242:247 the most abundant and continuous fossil record 202:247 the most abundant and continuous fossil record 202:247 They have been the most abundant and continuous fossil record over the last 215 million years (Myr), offering great potential for geochemical studies, although the heterococcolith fossil record remains underutilised in this domain. 26864732 8 91 theme Mn-rich 1368:1374 arg1 overgrowth 1382:1391 diagenetic Mn-rich CaCO3 overgrowth 1357:1391 diagenetic Mn-rich CaCO3 overgrowth on top of or between heterococcoliths shields 1357:1437 Mn is related to diagenetic Mn-rich CaCO3 overgrowth on top of or between heterococcoliths shields. 26864732 3 92 theme resolution 509:518 arg1 beam 520:523 a 100-nm resolution beam 500:523 a 100-nm resolution beam 500:523 We have mapped heterococcoliths' composition using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) with a 100-nm resolution beam to decipher element distributions in heterococcoliths and to investigate the potential development of geochemical proxies for palaeoceanography. 26864732 13 93 theme coccolithophores 2073:2088 arg1 physiology 2050:2059 an unusual cellular physiology 2030:2059 an unusual cellular physiology of Mesozoic coccolithophores 2030:2088 The low Sr/Ca in the W. britannica specimens studied here may either highlight an unusual cellular physiology of Mesozoic coccolithophores or result from low growth rates in oligotrophic environments. 26864732 11 94 theme salinity 1762:1769 arg1 proxy 1771:1775 a salinity proxy 1760:1775 a salinity proxy 1760:1775 Assuming a linear correlation between cytoplasm [Cl(-) ] and sea water [Cl(-) ], heterococcolith Cl may have potential as a salinity proxy. 26864732 11 94 theme salinity 1762:1769 arg1 potential 1747:1755 potential 1747:1755 potential 1747:1755 Assuming a linear correlation between cytoplasm [Cl(-) ] and sea water [Cl(-) ], heterococcolith Cl may have potential as a salinity proxy. 26810898 0 0 theme cell 95:98 arg1 composition 105:115 cell wall composition 95:115 cell wall composition 95:115 Antisense expression of Gossypium barbadense UGD6 in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly alters cell wall composition. 26810898 6 1 from studies 1070:1076 arg1 UGD 1081:1083 UGD 1081:1083 UGD 1081:1083 The results of the present study as well as previous studies on UGD support the conclusion that UGD plays a major role in synthesizing polysaccharides synthesis in the cell wall. 26810898 4 2 theme UGD 686:688 arg1 function 690:697 UGD function 686:697 UGD function 686:697 Examination of UGD function in Arabidopsis revealed that the antisense GbUGD6 lines had shorter roots, deferred blossoming, compared to wild-type plants. 26810898 2 3 from barbadense 316:325 arg1 GbUGD6 294:299 GbUGD6 294:299 GbUGD6 from Gossypium barbadense 294:325 GbUGD6 from Gossypium barbadense is more highly expressed late in the elongation of cotton fibers (15 d post-anthesis (DPA)) and during the stage of secondary cell wall thickening (30 DPA). 26810898 2 4 theme thickening 463:472 arg1 stage 434:438 the stage 430:438 the stage of secondary cell wall thickening (30 DPA) 430:481 GbUGD6 from Gossypium barbadense is more highly expressed late in the elongation of cotton fibers (15 d post-anthesis (DPA)) and during the stage of secondary cell wall thickening (30 DPA). 26810898 0 5 from expression 10:19 arg1 thaliana 65:72 Arabidopsis thaliana 53:72 Arabidopsis thaliana 53:72 Antisense expression of Gossypium barbadense UGD6 in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly alters cell wall composition. 26810898 4 6 from Examination 671:681 arg1 Arabidopsis 702:712 Arabidopsis 702:712 Arabidopsis 702:712 Examination of UGD function in Arabidopsis revealed that the antisense GbUGD6 lines had shorter roots, deferred blossoming, compared to wild-type plants. 26810898 1 7 theme cell 267:270 arg1 polysaccharides 277:291 cell wall polysaccharides 267:291 cell wall polysaccharides 267:291 Uridine diphosphate-glucose dehydrogenase (UGD, EC1.1.1.22 oxidizes UDP-Glc (UDP-D-glucose) to UDP-GlcA (UDP-D-glucuronate), a critical precursor of cell wall polysaccharides. 26810898 6 8 theme major 1125:1129 arg1 role 1131:1134 a major role 1123:1134 a major role 1123:1134 The results of the present study as well as previous studies on UGD support the conclusion that UGD plays a major role in synthesizing polysaccharides synthesis in the cell wall. 26810898 2 9 theme Gossypium 306:314 arg1 barbadense 316:325 Gossypium barbadense 306:325 Gossypium barbadense 306:325 GbUGD6 from Gossypium barbadense is more highly expressed late in the elongation of cotton fibers (15 d post-anthesis (DPA)) and during the stage of secondary cell wall thickening (30 DPA). 26810898 4 10 theme antisense 732:740 arg1 lines 749:753 the antisense GbUGD6 lines 728:753 the antisense GbUGD6 lines 728:753 Examination of UGD function in Arabidopsis revealed that the antisense GbUGD6 lines had shorter roots, deferred blossoming, compared to wild-type plants. 26810898 1 11 theme wall 272:275 arg1 polysaccharides 277:291 cell wall polysaccharides 267:291 cell wall polysaccharides 267:291 Uridine diphosphate-glucose dehydrogenase (UGD, EC1.1.1.22 oxidizes UDP-Glc (UDP-D-glucose) to UDP-GlcA (UDP-D-glucuronate), a critical precursor of cell wall polysaccharides. 26810898 0 12 theme wall 100:103 arg1 composition 105:115 cell wall composition 95:115 cell wall composition 95:115 Antisense expression of Gossypium barbadense UGD6 in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly alters cell wall composition. 26810898 6 13 theme previous 1061:1068 arg1 studies 1070:1076 previous studies 1061:1076 The results of the present study as well as previous studies on UGD 1017:1083 The results of the present study as well as previous studies on UGD support the conclusion that UGD plays a major role in synthesizing polysaccharides synthesis in the cell wall. 26810898 1 14 theme polysaccharides 277:291 arg1 precursor 254:262 a critical precursor 243:262 a critical precursor of cell wall polysaccharides 243:291 Uridine diphosphate-glucose dehydrogenase (UGD, EC1.1.1.22 oxidizes UDP-Glc (UDP-D-glucose) to UDP-GlcA (UDP-D-glucuronate), a critical precursor of cell wall polysaccharides. 26810898 1 14 theme polysaccharides 277:291 arg1 UDP-GlcA 213:220 UDP-GlcA 213:220 UDP-GlcA (UDP-D-glucuronate) 213:240 Uridine diphosphate-glucose dehydrogenase (UGD, EC1.1.1.22 oxidizes UDP-Glc (UDP-D-glucose) to UDP-GlcA (UDP-D-glucuronate), a critical precursor of cell wall polysaccharides. 26810898 2 15 dep fibers 385:390 arg1 DPA 413:415 DPA 413:415 DPA 413:415 GbUGD6 from Gossypium barbadense is more highly expressed late in the elongation of cotton fibers (15 d post-anthesis (DPA)) and during the stage of secondary cell wall thickening (30 DPA). 26810898 2 15 dep fibers 385:390 arg1 post-anthesis 398:410 15 d post-anthesis 393:410 15 d post-anthesis (DPA) 393:416 GbUGD6 from Gossypium barbadense is more highly expressed late in the elongation of cotton fibers (15 d post-anthesis (DPA)) and during the stage of secondary cell wall thickening (30 DPA). 26810898 5 16 from decrease 986:993 arg1 levels 973:978 cellulose levels 963:978 cellulose levels 963:978 Activities of associated enzymes were also affected by UGD reduction, and biochemical analysis of cell wall samples showed an increase in cellulose levels and a decrease in UGP-GlcA contents. 26810898 5 16 from decrease 986:993 arg1 contents 1007:1014 UGP-GlcA contents 998:1014 UGP-GlcA contents 998:1014 Activities of associated enzymes were also affected by UGD reduction, and biochemical analysis of cell wall samples showed an increase in cellulose levels and a decrease in UGP-GlcA contents. 26810898 5 17 theme enzymes 850:856 arg1 Activities 825:834 Activities 825:834 Activities of associated enzymes 825:856 Activities of associated enzymes were also affected by UGD reduction, and biochemical analysis of cell wall samples showed an increase in cellulose levels and a decrease in UGP-GlcA contents. 26810898 0 18 theme UGD6 45:48 arg1 expression 10:19 Antisense expression 0:19 Antisense expression of Gossypium barbadense UGD6 in Arabidopsis thaliana 0:72 Antisense expression of Gossypium barbadense UGD6 in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly alters cell wall composition. 26810898 6 19 from results 1021:1027 arg1 UGD 1081:1083 UGD 1081:1083 UGD 1081:1083 The results of the present study as well as previous studies on UGD support the conclusion that UGD plays a major role in synthesizing polysaccharides synthesis in the cell wall. 26810898 1 20 dep dehydrogenase 146:158 arg1 UGD 161:163 UGD 161:163 UGD 161:163 Uridine diphosphate-glucose dehydrogenase (UGD, EC1.1.1.22 oxidizes UDP-Glc (UDP-D-glucose) to UDP-GlcA (UDP-D-glucuronate), a critical precursor of cell wall polysaccharides. 26810898 2 21 theme d 396:396 arg1 DPA 413:415 DPA 413:415 DPA 413:415 GbUGD6 from Gossypium barbadense is more highly expressed late in the elongation of cotton fibers (15 d post-anthesis (DPA)) and during the stage of secondary cell wall thickening (30 DPA). 26810898 2 21 theme d 396:396 arg1 post-anthesis 398:410 15 d post-anthesis 393:410 15 d post-anthesis (DPA) 393:416 GbUGD6 from Gossypium barbadense is more highly expressed late in the elongation of cotton fibers (15 d post-anthesis (DPA)) and during the stage of secondary cell wall thickening (30 DPA). 26810898 5 22 theme cell 923:926 arg1 samples 933:939 cell wall samples 923:939 cell wall samples 923:939 Activities of associated enzymes were also affected by UGD reduction, and biochemical analysis of cell wall samples showed an increase in cellulose levels and a decrease in UGP-GlcA contents. 26810898 6 23 theme study 1044:1048 arg1 studies 1070:1076 previous studies 1061:1076 The results of the present study as well as previous studies on UGD 1017:1083 The results of the present study as well as previous studies on UGD support the conclusion that UGD plays a major role in synthesizing polysaccharides synthesis in the cell wall. 26810898 6 23 theme study 1044:1048 arg1 results 1021:1027 The results 1017:1027 The results of the present study as well as previous studies on UGD 1017:1083 The results of the present study as well as previous studies on UGD support the conclusion that UGD plays a major role in synthesizing polysaccharides synthesis in the cell wall. 26810898 0 24 theme Antisense 0:8 arg1 expression 10:19 Antisense expression 0:19 Antisense expression of Gossypium barbadense UGD6 in Arabidopsis thaliana 0:72 Antisense expression of Gossypium barbadense UGD6 in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly alters cell wall composition. 26810898 3 25 theme labeled 565:571 arg1 protein 580:586 fluorescently labeled GbUGD6 protein 551:586 fluorescently labeled GbUGD6 protein 551:586 Subcellular localization analysis in onion epidermis revealed that fluorescently labeled GbUGD6 protein was distributed throughout the cell membrane, as well as the nucleus and vacuoles. 26810898 5 26 theme cellulose 963:971 arg1 levels 973:978 cellulose levels 963:978 cellulose levels 963:978 Activities of associated enzymes were also affected by UGD reduction, and biochemical analysis of cell wall samples showed an increase in cellulose levels and a decrease in UGP-GlcA contents. 26810898 0 27 theme Gossypium 24:32 arg1 UGD6 45:48 Gossypium barbadense UGD6 24:48 Gossypium barbadense UGD6 24:48 Antisense expression of Gossypium barbadense UGD6 in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly alters cell wall composition. 26810898 6 28 theme cell 1185:1188 arg1 wall 1190:1193 the cell wall 1181:1193 the cell wall 1181:1193 The results of the present study as well as previous studies on UGD support the conclusion that UGD plays a major role in synthesizing polysaccharides synthesis in the cell wall. 26810898 4 29 theme GbUGD6 742:747 arg1 lines 749:753 the antisense GbUGD6 lines 728:753 the antisense GbUGD6 lines 728:753 Examination of UGD function in Arabidopsis revealed that the antisense GbUGD6 lines had shorter roots, deferred blossoming, compared to wild-type plants. 26810898 5 30 theme wall 928:931 arg1 samples 933:939 cell wall samples 923:939 cell wall samples 923:939 Activities of associated enzymes were also affected by UGD reduction, and biochemical analysis of cell wall samples showed an increase in cellulose levels and a decrease in UGP-GlcA contents. 26810898 1 31 theme Uridine 118:124 arg1 EC1.1.1.22 166:175 EC1.1.1.22 166:175 EC1.1.1.22 166:175 Uridine diphosphate-glucose dehydrogenase (UGD, EC1.1.1.22 oxidizes UDP-Glc (UDP-D-glucose) to UDP-GlcA (UDP-D-glucuronate), a critical precursor of cell wall polysaccharides. 26810898 1 31 theme Uridine 118:124 arg1 dehydrogenase 146:158 Uridine diphosphate-glucose dehydrogenase 118:158 Uridine diphosphate-glucose dehydrogenase (UGD 118:163 Uridine diphosphate-glucose dehydrogenase (UGD, EC1.1.1.22 oxidizes UDP-Glc (UDP-D-glucose) to UDP-GlcA (UDP-D-glucuronate), a critical precursor of cell wall polysaccharides. 26810898 3 32 theme Subcellular 484:494 arg1 analysis 509:516 Subcellular localization analysis 484:516 Subcellular localization analysis in onion epidermis 484:535 Subcellular localization analysis in onion epidermis revealed that fluorescently labeled GbUGD6 protein was distributed throughout the cell membrane, as well as the nucleus and vacuoles. 26810898 2 33 theme wall 458:461 arg1 thickening 463:472 secondary cell wall thickening 443:472 secondary cell wall thickening (30 DPA) 443:481 GbUGD6 from Gossypium barbadense is more highly expressed late in the elongation of cotton fibers (15 d post-anthesis (DPA)) and during the stage of secondary cell wall thickening (30 DPA). 26810898 2 33 theme wall 458:461 arg1 DPA 478:480 30 DPA 475:480 30 DPA 475:480 GbUGD6 from Gossypium barbadense is more highly expressed late in the elongation of cotton fibers (15 d post-anthesis (DPA)) and during the stage of secondary cell wall thickening (30 DPA). 26810898 5 34 theme biochemical 899:909 arg1 analysis 911:918 biochemical analysis 899:918 biochemical analysis of cell wall samples 899:939 Activities of associated enzymes were also affected by UGD reduction, and biochemical analysis of cell wall samples showed an increase in cellulose levels and a decrease in UGP-GlcA contents. 26810898 5 35 from increase 951:958 arg1 levels 973:978 cellulose levels 963:978 cellulose levels 963:978 Activities of associated enzymes were also affected by UGD reduction, and biochemical analysis of cell wall samples showed an increase in cellulose levels and a decrease in UGP-GlcA contents. 26810898 5 35 from increase 951:958 arg1 contents 1007:1014 UGP-GlcA contents 998:1014 UGP-GlcA contents 998:1014 Activities of associated enzymes were also affected by UGD reduction, and biochemical analysis of cell wall samples showed an increase in cellulose levels and a decrease in UGP-GlcA contents. 26810898 6 36 theme present 1036:1042 arg1 study 1044:1048 the present study 1032:1048 the present study 1032:1048 The results of the present study as well as previous studies on UGD support the conclusion that UGD plays a major role in synthesizing polysaccharides synthesis in the cell wall. 26810898 2 37 theme cell 453:456 arg1 thickening 463:472 secondary cell wall thickening 443:472 secondary cell wall thickening (30 DPA) 443:481 GbUGD6 from Gossypium barbadense is more highly expressed late in the elongation of cotton fibers (15 d post-anthesis (DPA)) and during the stage of secondary cell wall thickening (30 DPA). 26810898 2 37 theme cell 453:456 arg1 DPA 478:480 30 DPA 475:480 30 DPA 475:480 GbUGD6 from Gossypium barbadense is more highly expressed late in the elongation of cotton fibers (15 d post-anthesis (DPA)) and during the stage of secondary cell wall thickening (30 DPA). 26810898 0 38 theme barbadense 34:43 arg1 UGD6 45:48 Gossypium barbadense UGD6 24:48 Gossypium barbadense UGD6 24:48 Antisense expression of Gossypium barbadense UGD6 in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly alters cell wall composition. 26810898 5 39 theme UGP-GlcA 998:1005 arg1 contents 1007:1014 UGP-GlcA contents 998:1014 UGP-GlcA contents 998:1014 Activities of associated enzymes were also affected by UGD reduction, and biochemical analysis of cell wall samples showed an increase in cellulose levels and a decrease in UGP-GlcA contents. 26810898 5 40 theme associated 839:848 arg1 enzymes 850:856 associated enzymes 839:856 associated enzymes 839:856 Activities of associated enzymes were also affected by UGD reduction, and biochemical analysis of cell wall samples showed an increase in cellulose levels and a decrease in UGP-GlcA contents. 26810898 0 41 theme Arabidopsis 53:63 arg1 thaliana 65:72 Arabidopsis thaliana 53:72 Arabidopsis thaliana 53:72 Antisense expression of Gossypium barbadense UGD6 in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly alters cell wall composition. 26810898 3 42 theme GbUGD6 573:578 arg1 protein 580:586 fluorescently labeled GbUGD6 protein 551:586 fluorescently labeled GbUGD6 protein 551:586 Subcellular localization analysis in onion epidermis revealed that fluorescently labeled GbUGD6 protein was distributed throughout the cell membrane, as well as the nucleus and vacuoles. 26810898 1 43 theme diphosphate-glucose 126:144 arg1 EC1.1.1.22 166:175 EC1.1.1.22 166:175 EC1.1.1.22 166:175 Uridine diphosphate-glucose dehydrogenase (UGD, EC1.1.1.22 oxidizes UDP-Glc (UDP-D-glucose) to UDP-GlcA (UDP-D-glucuronate), a critical precursor of cell wall polysaccharides. 26810898 1 43 theme diphosphate-glucose 126:144 arg1 dehydrogenase 146:158 Uridine diphosphate-glucose dehydrogenase 118:158 Uridine diphosphate-glucose dehydrogenase (UGD 118:163 Uridine diphosphate-glucose dehydrogenase (UGD, EC1.1.1.22 oxidizes UDP-Glc (UDP-D-glucose) to UDP-GlcA (UDP-D-glucuronate), a critical precursor of cell wall polysaccharides. 26810898 4 44 theme wild-type 807:815 arg1 plants 817:822 wild-type plants 807:822 wild-type plants 807:822 Examination of UGD function in Arabidopsis revealed that the antisense GbUGD6 lines had shorter roots, deferred blossoming, compared to wild-type plants. 26810898 4 45 theme function 690:697 arg1 Examination 671:681 Examination 671:681 Examination of UGD function in Arabidopsis 671:712 Examination of UGD function in Arabidopsis revealed that the antisense GbUGD6 lines had shorter roots, deferred blossoming, compared to wild-type plants. 26810898 4 46 contain had 755:757 arg2 roots 767:771 shorter roots 759:771 shorter roots 759:771 Examination of UGD function in Arabidopsis revealed that the antisense GbUGD6 lines had shorter roots, deferred blossoming, compared to wild-type plants. 26810898 4 46 contain had 755:757 arg1 lines 749:753 the antisense GbUGD6 lines 728:753 the antisense GbUGD6 lines 728:753 Examination of UGD function in Arabidopsis revealed that the antisense GbUGD6 lines had shorter roots, deferred blossoming, compared to wild-type plants. 26810898 3 47 theme cell 619:622 arg1 membrane 624:631 the cell membrane 615:631 the cell membrane 615:631 Subcellular localization analysis in onion epidermis revealed that fluorescently labeled GbUGD6 protein was distributed throughout the cell membrane, as well as the nucleus and vacuoles. 26810898 5 48 theme samples 933:939 arg1 analysis 911:918 biochemical analysis 899:918 biochemical analysis of cell wall samples 899:939 Activities of associated enzymes were also affected by UGD reduction, and biochemical analysis of cell wall samples showed an increase in cellulose levels and a decrease in UGP-GlcA contents. 26810898 4 49 theme shorter 759:765 arg1 roots 767:771 shorter roots 759:771 shorter roots 759:771 Examination of UGD function in Arabidopsis revealed that the antisense GbUGD6 lines had shorter roots, deferred blossoming, compared to wild-type plants. 26810898 3 50 theme onion 521:525 arg1 epidermis 527:535 onion epidermis 521:535 onion epidermis 521:535 Subcellular localization analysis in onion epidermis revealed that fluorescently labeled GbUGD6 protein was distributed throughout the cell membrane, as well as the nucleus and vacuoles. 26810898 3 51 theme localization 496:507 arg1 analysis 509:516 Subcellular localization analysis 484:516 Subcellular localization analysis in onion epidermis 484:535 Subcellular localization analysis in onion epidermis revealed that fluorescently labeled GbUGD6 protein was distributed throughout the cell membrane, as well as the nucleus and vacuoles. 26810898 5 52 theme UGD 880:882 arg1 reduction 884:892 UGD reduction 880:892 UGD reduction 880:892 Activities of associated enzymes were also affected by UGD reduction, and biochemical analysis of cell wall samples showed an increase in cellulose levels and a decrease in UGP-GlcA contents. 26810898 6 53 from synthesis 1168:1176 arg1 wall 1190:1193 the cell wall 1181:1193 the cell wall 1181:1193 The results of the present study as well as previous studies on UGD support the conclusion that UGD plays a major role in synthesizing polysaccharides synthesis in the cell wall. 26810898 2 54 theme fibers 385:390 arg1 elongation 364:373 the elongation 360:373 the elongation of cotton fibers (15 d post-anthesis (DPA)) 360:417 GbUGD6 from Gossypium barbadense is more highly expressed late in the elongation of cotton fibers (15 d post-anthesis (DPA)) and during the stage of secondary cell wall thickening (30 DPA). 26810898 1 55 theme critical 245:252 arg1 precursor 254:262 a critical precursor 243:262 a critical precursor of cell wall polysaccharides 243:291 Uridine diphosphate-glucose dehydrogenase (UGD, EC1.1.1.22 oxidizes UDP-Glc (UDP-D-glucose) to UDP-GlcA (UDP-D-glucuronate), a critical precursor of cell wall polysaccharides. 26810898 1 55 theme critical 245:252 arg1 UDP-GlcA 213:220 UDP-GlcA 213:220 UDP-GlcA (UDP-D-glucuronate) 213:240 Uridine diphosphate-glucose dehydrogenase (UGD, EC1.1.1.22 oxidizes UDP-Glc (UDP-D-glucose) to UDP-GlcA (UDP-D-glucuronate), a critical precursor of cell wall polysaccharides. 26810898 2 56 theme secondary 443:451 arg1 thickening 463:472 secondary cell wall thickening 443:472 secondary cell wall thickening (30 DPA) 443:481 GbUGD6 from Gossypium barbadense is more highly expressed late in the elongation of cotton fibers (15 d post-anthesis (DPA)) and during the stage of secondary cell wall thickening (30 DPA). 26810898 2 56 theme secondary 443:451 arg1 DPA 478:480 30 DPA 475:480 30 DPA 475:480 GbUGD6 from Gossypium barbadense is more highly expressed late in the elongation of cotton fibers (15 d post-anthesis (DPA)) and during the stage of secondary cell wall thickening (30 DPA). 26810898 6 57 theme polysaccharides 1152:1166 arg1 synthesis 1168:1176 polysaccharides synthesis 1152:1176 polysaccharides synthesis in the cell wall 1152:1193 The results of the present study as well as previous studies on UGD support the conclusion that UGD plays a major role in synthesizing polysaccharides synthesis in the cell wall. 26810898 2 58 theme cotton 378:383 arg1 fibers 385:390 cotton fibers 378:390 cotton fibers (15 d post-anthesis (DPA)) 378:417 GbUGD6 from Gossypium barbadense is more highly expressed late in the elongation of cotton fibers (15 d post-anthesis (DPA)) and during the stage of secondary cell wall thickening (30 DPA). 26810898 3 59 from analysis 509:516 arg1 epidermis 527:535 onion epidermis 521:535 onion epidermis 521:535 Subcellular localization analysis in onion epidermis revealed that fluorescently labeled GbUGD6 protein was distributed throughout the cell membrane, as well as the nucleus and vacuoles. 27041322 4 0 from effect 827:832 arg1 interaction 916:926 the interaction 912:926 the interaction between tannins and grape cell walls suspended in model solutions 912:992 To confirm this observation, the effect of anthocyanins on the tannin extractability from grape seeds and skin and on the interaction between tannins and grape cell walls suspended in model solutions were studied. 27041322 4 0 from effect 827:832 arg1 extractability 864:877 the tannin extractability 853:877 the tannin extractability from grape seeds 853:894 To confirm this observation, the effect of anthocyanins on the tannin extractability from grape seeds and skin and on the interaction between tannins and grape cell walls suspended in model solutions were studied. 27041322 5 1 theme seed 1065:1068 arg1 extraction 1077:1086 seed tannin extraction 1065:1086 seed tannin extraction 1065:1086 The results indicated that anthocyanins favored skin and seed tannin extraction and that there is a competition for the adsorption sites between anthocyanins and tannins that increases the tannin content when anthocyanins are present. 27041322 2 2 theme similar 314:320 arg1 skin 322:325 a quite similar skin and seed tannin content 306:349 skin 322:325 Even though the grapes presented a quite similar skin and seed tannin content, the differences in tannin concentration between both vinifications was very large, despite the fact that the only apparent difference between the phenolic composition of both wines was the anthocyanin content. 27041322 4 3 theme tannin 857:862 arg1 extractability 864:877 the tannin extractability 853:877 the tannin extractability from grape seeds 853:894 To confirm this observation, the effect of anthocyanins on the tannin extractability from grape seeds and skin and on the interaction between tannins and grape cell walls suspended in model solutions were studied. 27041322 3 4 theme tannins 776:782 arg1 quantity 764:771 the resulting quantity 750:771 the resulting quantity of tannins in wines 750:791 This suggests that anthocyanins play an important role in tannin extractability, perhaps because they affect the extent of the tannin-cell wall interaction, a factor that largely controls the resulting quantity of tannins in wines. 27041322 2 5 theme anthocyanin 541:551 arg1 difference 475:484 the only apparent difference 457:484 the only apparent difference between the phenolic composition of both wines 457:531 Even though the grapes presented a quite similar skin and seed tannin content, the differences in tannin concentration between both vinifications was very large, despite the fact that the only apparent difference between the phenolic composition of both wines was the anthocyanin content. 27041322 2 5 theme anthocyanin 541:551 arg1 content 553:559 the anthocyanin content 537:559 the anthocyanin content 537:559 Even though the grapes presented a quite similar skin and seed tannin content, the differences in tannin concentration between both vinifications was very large, despite the fact that the only apparent difference between the phenolic composition of both wines was the anthocyanin content. 27041322 1 6 theme tannin 66:71 arg1 extraction 73:82 tannin extraction 66:82 tannin extraction 66:82 The rate of tannin extraction was studied in a vinification of red grapes and the results compared with another vinification made with white grapes fermented as for typical red wine, in the presence of skins and seeds. 27041322 2 7 theme apparent 466:473 arg1 difference 475:484 the only apparent difference 457:484 the only apparent difference between the phenolic composition of both wines 457:531 Even though the grapes presented a quite similar skin and seed tannin content, the differences in tannin concentration between both vinifications was very large, despite the fact that the only apparent difference between the phenolic composition of both wines was the anthocyanin content. 27041322 2 7 theme apparent 466:473 arg1 content 553:559 the anthocyanin content 537:559 the anthocyanin content 537:559 Even though the grapes presented a quite similar skin and seed tannin content, the differences in tannin concentration between both vinifications was very large, despite the fact that the only apparent difference between the phenolic composition of both wines was the anthocyanin content. 27041322 3 8 theme tannin-cell 689:699 arg1 interaction 706:716 the tannin-cell wall interaction 685:716 the tannin-cell wall interaction 685:716 This suggests that anthocyanins play an important role in tannin extractability, perhaps because they affect the extent of the tannin-cell wall interaction, a factor that largely controls the resulting quantity of tannins in wines. 27041322 3 8 theme tannin-cell 689:699 arg1 factor 721:726 a factor 719:726 a factor that largely controls the resulting quantity of tannins in wines 719:791 This suggests that anthocyanins play an important role in tannin extractability, perhaps because they affect the extent of the tannin-cell wall interaction, a factor that largely controls the resulting quantity of tannins in wines. 27041322 1 9 theme extraction 73:82 arg1 rate 58:61 The rate 54:61 The rate of tannin extraction 54:82 The rate of tannin extraction was studied in a vinification of red grapes and the results compared with another vinification made with white grapes fermented as for typical red wine, in the presence of skins and seeds. 27041322 3 10 theme interaction 706:716 arg1 extent 675:680 the extent 671:680 the extent of the tannin-cell wall interaction, a factor that largely controls the resulting quantity of tannins in wines 671:791 This suggests that anthocyanins play an important role in tannin extractability, perhaps because they affect the extent of the tannin-cell wall interaction, a factor that largely controls the resulting quantity of tannins in wines. 27041322 5 11 theme adsorption 1128:1137 arg1 sites 1139:1143 the adsorption sites 1124:1143 the adsorption sites 1124:1143 The results indicated that anthocyanins favored skin and seed tannin extraction and that there is a competition for the adsorption sites between anthocyanins and tannins that increases the tannin content when anthocyanins are present. 27041322 4 12 theme anthocyanins 837:848 arg1 effect 827:832 the effect 823:832 the effect of anthocyanins on the tannin extractability from grape seeds and skin and on the interaction between tannins and grape cell walls suspended in model solutions 823:992 To confirm this observation, the effect of anthocyanins on the tannin extractability from grape seeds and skin and on the interaction between tannins and grape cell walls suspended in model solutions were studied. 27041322 3 13 from wines 787:791 arg1 quantity 764:771 the resulting quantity 750:771 the resulting quantity of tannins in wines 750:791 This suggests that anthocyanins play an important role in tannin extractability, perhaps because they affect the extent of the tannin-cell wall interaction, a factor that largely controls the resulting quantity of tannins in wines. 27041322 2 14 theme tannin 336:341 arg1 content 343:349 a quite similar skin and seed tannin content 306:349 content 343:349 Even though the grapes presented a quite similar skin and seed tannin content, the differences in tannin concentration between both vinifications was very large, despite the fact that the only apparent difference between the phenolic composition of both wines was the anthocyanin content. 27041322 0 15 theme wall 35:38 arg1 interactions 40:51 tannin-cell wall interactions 23:51 tannin-cell wall interactions 23:51 Anthocyanins influence tannin-cell wall interactions. 27041322 1 16 theme skins 256:260 arg1 presence 244:251 the presence 240:251 the presence of skins and seeds 240:270 The rate of tannin extraction was studied in a vinification of red grapes and the results compared with another vinification made with white grapes fermented as for typical red wine, in the presence of skins and seeds. 27041322 3 17 from tannins 776:782 arg1 wines 787:791 wines 787:791 wines 787:791 This suggests that anthocyanins play an important role in tannin extractability, perhaps because they affect the extent of the tannin-cell wall interaction, a factor that largely controls the resulting quantity of tannins in wines. 27041322 1 18 theme white 189:193 arg1 grapes 195:200 white grapes 189:200 white grapes fermented as for typical red wine, in the presence of skins and seeds 189:270 The rate of tannin extraction was studied in a vinification of red grapes and the results compared with another vinification made with white grapes fermented as for typical red wine, in the presence of skins and seeds. 27041322 0 19 theme tannin-cell 23:33 arg1 interactions 40:51 tannin-cell wall interactions 23:51 tannin-cell wall interactions 23:51 Anthocyanins influence tannin-cell wall interactions. 27041322 3 20 theme wall 701:704 arg1 interaction 706:716 the tannin-cell wall interaction 685:716 the tannin-cell wall interaction 685:716 This suggests that anthocyanins play an important role in tannin extractability, perhaps because they affect the extent of the tannin-cell wall interaction, a factor that largely controls the resulting quantity of tannins in wines. 27041322 3 20 theme wall 701:704 arg1 factor 721:726 a factor 719:726 a factor that largely controls the resulting quantity of tannins in wines 719:791 This suggests that anthocyanins play an important role in tannin extractability, perhaps because they affect the extent of the tannin-cell wall interaction, a factor that largely controls the resulting quantity of tannins in wines. 27041322 4 21 from seeds 890:894 arg1 extractability 864:877 the tannin extractability 853:877 the tannin extractability from grape seeds 853:894 To confirm this observation, the effect of anthocyanins on the tannin extractability from grape seeds and skin and on the interaction between tannins and grape cell walls suspended in model solutions were studied. 27041322 5 22 theme tannin 1197:1202 arg1 content 1204:1210 the tannin content 1193:1210 the tannin content 1193:1210 The results indicated that anthocyanins favored skin and seed tannin extraction and that there is a competition for the adsorption sites between anthocyanins and tannins that increases the tannin content when anthocyanins are present. 27041322 2 23 theme tannin 371:376 arg1 concentration 378:390 tannin concentration 371:390 tannin concentration 371:390 Even though the grapes presented a quite similar skin and seed tannin content, the differences in tannin concentration between both vinifications was very large, despite the fact that the only apparent difference between the phenolic composition of both wines was the anthocyanin content. 27041322 4 24 theme grape 948:952 arg1 walls 959:963 grape cell walls 948:963 grape cell walls 948:963 To confirm this observation, the effect of anthocyanins on the tannin extractability from grape seeds and skin and on the interaction between tannins and grape cell walls suspended in model solutions were studied. 27041322 1 25 theme seeds 266:270 arg1 presence 244:251 the presence 240:251 the presence of skins and seeds 240:270 The rate of tannin extraction was studied in a vinification of red grapes and the results compared with another vinification made with white grapes fermented as for typical red wine, in the presence of skins and seeds. 27041322 2 26 theme phenolic 498:505 arg1 composition 507:517 the phenolic composition 494:517 the phenolic composition of both wines 494:531 Even though the grapes presented a quite similar skin and seed tannin content, the differences in tannin concentration between both vinifications was very large, despite the fact that the only apparent difference between the phenolic composition of both wines was the anthocyanin content. 27041322 4 27 theme grape 884:888 arg1 seeds 890:894 grape seeds 884:894 grape seeds 884:894 To confirm this observation, the effect of anthocyanins on the tannin extractability from grape seeds and skin and on the interaction between tannins and grape cell walls suspended in model solutions were studied. 27041322 3 28 theme important 602:610 arg1 role 612:615 an important role 599:615 an important role 599:615 This suggests that anthocyanins play an important role in tannin extractability, perhaps because they affect the extent of the tannin-cell wall interaction, a factor that largely controls the resulting quantity of tannins in wines. 27041322 3 29 from quantity 764:771 arg1 wines 787:791 wines 787:791 wines 787:791 This suggests that anthocyanins play an important role in tannin extractability, perhaps because they affect the extent of the tannin-cell wall interaction, a factor that largely controls the resulting quantity of tannins in wines. 27041322 4 30 theme cell 954:957 arg1 walls 959:963 grape cell walls 948:963 grape cell walls 948:963 To confirm this observation, the effect of anthocyanins on the tannin extractability from grape seeds and skin and on the interaction between tannins and grape cell walls suspended in model solutions were studied. 27041322 1 31 from wine 231:234 arg1 presence 244:251 the presence 240:251 the presence of skins and seeds 240:270 The rate of tannin extraction was studied in a vinification of red grapes and the results compared with another vinification made with white grapes fermented as for typical red wine, in the presence of skins and seeds. 27041322 1 32 theme red 117:119 arg1 grapes 121:126 red grapes 117:126 red grapes 117:126 The rate of tannin extraction was studied in a vinification of red grapes and the results compared with another vinification made with white grapes fermented as for typical red wine, in the presence of skins and seeds. 27041322 2 33 theme wines 527:531 arg1 composition 507:517 the phenolic composition 494:517 the phenolic composition of both wines 494:531 Even though the grapes presented a quite similar skin and seed tannin content, the differences in tannin concentration between both vinifications was very large, despite the fact that the only apparent difference between the phenolic composition of both wines was the anthocyanin content. 27041322 1 34 theme grapes 121:126 arg1 vinification 101:112 a vinification 99:112 a vinification of red grapes 99:126 The rate of tannin extraction was studied in a vinification of red grapes and the results compared with another vinification made with white grapes fermented as for typical red wine, in the presence of skins and seeds. 27041322 3 35 theme tannin 620:625 arg1 extractability 627:640 tannin extractability 620:640 tannin extractability 620:640 This suggests that anthocyanins play an important role in tannin extractability, perhaps because they affect the extent of the tannin-cell wall interaction, a factor that largely controls the resulting quantity of tannins in wines. 27041322 1 36 theme typical 219:225 arg1 wine 231:234 typical red wine 219:234 typical red wine 219:234 The rate of tannin extraction was studied in a vinification of red grapes and the results compared with another vinification made with white grapes fermented as for typical red wine, in the presence of skins and seeds. 27041322 2 37 from differences 356:366 arg1 concentration 378:390 tannin concentration 371:390 tannin concentration 371:390 Even though the grapes presented a quite similar skin and seed tannin content, the differences in tannin concentration between both vinifications was very large, despite the fact that the only apparent difference between the phenolic composition of both wines was the anthocyanin content. 27041322 2 38 theme seed 331:334 arg1 content 343:349 a quite similar skin and seed tannin content 306:349 content 343:349 Even though the grapes presented a quite similar skin and seed tannin content, the differences in tannin concentration between both vinifications was very large, despite the fact that the only apparent difference between the phenolic composition of both wines was the anthocyanin content. 27041322 1 39 theme red 227:229 arg1 wine 231:234 typical red wine 219:234 typical red wine 219:234 The rate of tannin extraction was studied in a vinification of red grapes and the results compared with another vinification made with white grapes fermented as for typical red wine, in the presence of skins and seeds. 27041322 5 40 theme tannin 1070:1075 arg1 extraction 1077:1086 seed tannin extraction 1065:1086 seed tannin extraction 1065:1086 The results indicated that anthocyanins favored skin and seed tannin extraction and that there is a competition for the adsorption sites between anthocyanins and tannins that increases the tannin content when anthocyanins are present. 27041322 4 41 theme model 978:982 arg1 solutions 984:992 model solutions 978:992 model solutions 978:992 To confirm this observation, the effect of anthocyanins on the tannin extractability from grape seeds and skin and on the interaction between tannins and grape cell walls suspended in model solutions were studied. 27041322 3 42 theme resulting 754:762 arg1 quantity 764:771 the resulting quantity 750:771 the resulting quantity of tannins in wines 750:791 This suggests that anthocyanins play an important role in tannin extractability, perhaps because they affect the extent of the tannin-cell wall interaction, a factor that largely controls the resulting quantity of tannins in wines. 26912654 4 0 theme study 811:815 arg1 objective 786:794 The objective 782:794 The objective of the current study 782:815 The objective of the current study was to determine the impact of Parp1 deletion on the innate immune response to mucosal injury and on the gut microbiome composition. 26912654 8 1 theme Clostridia 1503:1512 arg1 clusters 1514:1521 Clostridia clusters IV 1503:1524 Clostridia clusters IV 1503:1524 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 6 2 theme 16S 1142:1144 arg1 profiling 1155:1163 fecal 16S amplicon profiling 1136:1163 fecal 16S amplicon profiling 1136:1163 Genome-wide analysis of the colonic transcriptome and fecal 16S amplicon profiling was performed. 26912654 1 3 theme acceptor 220:227 arg1 proteins 229:236 acceptor proteins 220:236 acceptor proteins using NAD as a substrate 220:261 Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) synthesize and bind branched polymers of ADP-ribose to acceptor proteins using NAD as a substrate and participate in the control of gene transcription and DNA repair. 26912654 7 4 theme dramatic 1336:1343 arg1 reprogramming 1361:1373 a dramatic transcriptional reprogramming 1334:1373 a dramatic transcriptional reprogramming in the colon 1334:1386 Compared with WT, we demonstrated that Parp1(-/-) were protected from dextran-sulfate sodium-induced colitis and that this protection was associated with a dramatic transcriptional reprogramming in the colon. 26912654 2 5 theme several 555:561 arg1 models 576:581 several experimental models 555:581 several experimental models 555:581 PARP1, the most abundant isoform, regulates the expression of proinflammatory mediator cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, and inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity reduced or ameliorated autoimmune diseases in several experimental models, including colitis. 26912654 2 5 theme several 555:561 arg1 colitis 594:600 colitis 594:600 colitis 594:600 PARP1, the most abundant isoform, regulates the expression of proinflammatory mediator cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, and inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity reduced or ameliorated autoimmune diseases in several experimental models, including colitis. 26912654 5 6 theme knock-out 1066:1074 arg1 mice 1076:1079 WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice 1007:1079 WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice 1007:1079 Parp1 deficiency was evaluated in DSS-induced colitis in WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice. 26912654 3 7 theme PARP1 666:670 arg1 inhibition 672:681 PARP1 inhibition 666:681 PARP1 inhibition 666:681 However, the mechanism(s) underlying the protective effects of PARP1 inhibition in colitis and the cell types in which Parp1 deletion has the most significant impact are unknown. 26912654 6 8 theme colonic 1110:1116 arg1 transcriptome 1118:1130 the colonic transcriptome 1106:1130 the colonic transcriptome 1106:1130 Genome-wide analysis of the colonic transcriptome and fecal 16S amplicon profiling was performed. 26912654 8 9 theme mucosal 1583:1589 arg1 CD4 1591:1593 mucosal CD4 1583:1593 mucosal CD4 1583:1593 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 7 10 theme dextran-sulfate 1250:1264 arg1 colitis 1281:1287 dextran-sulfate sodium-induced colitis 1250:1287 dextran-sulfate sodium-induced colitis 1250:1287 Compared with WT, we demonstrated that Parp1(-/-) were protected from dextran-sulfate sodium-induced colitis and that this protection was associated with a dramatic transcriptional reprogramming in the colon. 26912654 9 11 theme Parp1 1710:1714 arg1 mice 1721:1724 Rag2(-/-) × Parp1(-/-) mice 1698:1724 Rag2(-/-) × Parp1(-/-) mice 1698:1724 The protective effects conferred by Parp1 deletion were lost in Rag2(-/-) × Parp1(-/-) mice, highlighting the role of the adaptive immune system for full protection. 26912654 3 12 theme cell 702:705 arg1 types 707:711 the cell types 698:711 the cell types in which Parp1 deletion has the most significant impact 698:767 However, the mechanism(s) underlying the protective effects of PARP1 inhibition in colitis and the cell types in which Parp1 deletion has the most significant impact are unknown. 26912654 4 13 theme current 803:809 arg1 study 811:815 the current study 799:815 the current study 799:815 The objective of the current study was to determine the impact of Parp1 deletion on the innate immune response to mucosal injury and on the gut microbiome composition. 26912654 4 14 theme deletion 854:861 arg1 impact 838:843 the impact 834:843 the impact of Parp1 deletion on the innate immune response to mucosal injury and on the gut microbiome composition 834:947 The objective of the current study was to determine the impact of Parp1 deletion on the innate immune response to mucosal injury and on the gut microbiome composition. 26912654 9 15 theme -/- 1716:1718 arg1 mice 1721:1724 Rag2(-/-) × Parp1(-/-) mice 1698:1724 Rag2(-/-) × Parp1(-/-) mice 1698:1724 The protective effects conferred by Parp1 deletion were lost in Rag2(-/-) × Parp1(-/-) mice, highlighting the role of the adaptive immune system for full protection. 26912654 2 16 theme enzymatic 490:498 arg1 activity 500:507 PARP1 enzymatic activity 484:507 PARP1 enzymatic activity 484:507 PARP1, the most abundant isoform, regulates the expression of proinflammatory mediator cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, and inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity reduced or ameliorated autoimmune diseases in several experimental models, including colitis. 26912654 3 17 theme Parp1 722:726 arg1 deletion 728:735 Parp1 deletion 722:735 Parp1 deletion 722:735 However, the mechanism(s) underlying the protective effects of PARP1 inhibition in colitis and the cell types in which Parp1 deletion has the most significant impact are unknown. 26912654 0 18 theme -deficient 111:120 arg1 Mice 122:125 Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1)-deficient Mice 74:125 Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1)-deficient Mice 74:125 Transcriptional Reprogramming and Resistance to Colonic Mucosal Injury in Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1)-deficient Mice. 26912654 6 19 theme profiling 1155:1163 arg1 analysis 1094:1101 Genome-wide analysis 1082:1101 Genome-wide analysis of the colonic transcriptome and fecal 16S amplicon profiling 1082:1163 Genome-wide analysis of the colonic transcriptome and fecal 16S amplicon profiling was performed. 26912654 5 20 theme DSS-induced 984:994 arg1 colitis 996:1002 DSS-induced colitis 984:1002 DSS-induced colitis in WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice 984:1079 Parp1 deficiency was evaluated in DSS-induced colitis in WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice. 26912654 2 21 theme molecules 455:463 arg1 expression 380:389 the expression 376:389 the expression of proinflammatory mediator cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules 376:463 PARP1, the most abundant isoform, regulates the expression of proinflammatory mediator cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, and inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity reduced or ameliorated autoimmune diseases in several experimental models, including colitis. 26912654 5 22 from colitis 996:1002 arg1 mice 1076:1079 WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice 1007:1079 WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice 1007:1079 Parp1 deficiency was evaluated in DSS-induced colitis in WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice. 26912654 5 23 theme Rag2 1023:1026 arg1 mice 1076:1079 WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice 1007:1079 WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice 1007:1079 Parp1 deficiency was evaluated in DSS-induced colitis in WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice. 26912654 1 24 theme Poly 128:131 arg1 PARPs 158:162 PARPs 158:162 PARPs 158:162 Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) synthesize and bind branched polymers of ADP-ribose to acceptor proteins using NAD as a substrate and participate in the control of gene transcription and DNA repair. 26912654 1 24 theme Poly 128:131 arg1 polymerases 145:155 Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases 128:155 Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) 128:163 Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) synthesize and bind branched polymers of ADP-ribose to acceptor proteins using NAD as a substrate and participate in the control of gene transcription and DNA repair. 26912654 9 25 theme immune 1765:1770 arg1 system 1772:1777 the adaptive immune system 1752:1777 the adaptive immune system 1752:1777 The protective effects conferred by Parp1 deletion were lost in Rag2(-/-) × Parp1(-/-) mice, highlighting the role of the adaptive immune system for full protection. 26912654 1 26 theme gene 297:300 arg1 transcription 302:314 gene transcription 297:314 gene transcription 297:314 Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) synthesize and bind branched polymers of ADP-ribose to acceptor proteins using NAD as a substrate and participate in the control of gene transcription and DNA repair. 26912654 8 27 theme T 1625:1625 arg1 cells 1627:1631 mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells 1583:1631 mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells 1583:1631 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 1 28 theme ADP-ribose 133:142 arg1 PARPs 158:162 PARPs 158:162 PARPs 158:162 Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) synthesize and bind branched polymers of ADP-ribose to acceptor proteins using NAD as a substrate and participate in the control of gene transcription and DNA repair. 26912654 1 28 theme ADP-ribose 133:142 arg1 polymerases 145:155 Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases 128:155 Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) 128:163 Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) synthesize and bind branched polymers of ADP-ribose to acceptor proteins using NAD as a substrate and participate in the control of gene transcription and DNA repair. 26912654 4 29 theme immune 877:882 arg1 response 884:891 the innate immune response 866:891 the innate immune response to mucosal injury 866:909 The objective of the current study was to determine the impact of Parp1 deletion on the innate immune response to mucosal injury and on the gut microbiome composition. 26912654 8 30 theme PARP1 1389:1393 arg1 deficiency 1395:1404 PARP1 deficiency 1389:1404 PARP1 deficiency 1389:1404 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 1 31 theme repair 324:329 arg1 control 286:292 the control 282:292 the control of gene transcription and DNA repair 282:329 Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) synthesize and bind branched polymers of ADP-ribose to acceptor proteins using NAD as a substrate and participate in the control of gene transcription and DNA repair. 26912654 4 32 theme gut 922:924 arg1 composition 937:947 the gut microbiome composition 918:947 the gut microbiome composition 918:947 The objective of the current study was to determine the impact of Parp1 deletion on the innate immune response to mucosal injury and on the gut microbiome composition. 26912654 2 33 theme proinflammatory 394:408 arg1 cytokines 419:427 proinflammatory mediator cytokines 394:427 proinflammatory mediator cytokines 394:427 PARP1, the most abundant isoform, regulates the expression of proinflammatory mediator cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, and inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity reduced or ameliorated autoimmune diseases in several experimental models, including colitis. 26912654 0 34 theme Transcriptional 0:14 arg1 Reprogramming 16:28 Transcriptional Reprogramming 0:28 Transcriptional Reprogramming 0:28 Transcriptional Reprogramming and Resistance to Colonic Mucosal Injury in Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1)-deficient Mice. 26912654 5 35 theme -/- 1043:1045 arg1 mice 1076:1079 WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice 1007:1079 WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice 1007:1079 Parp1 deficiency was evaluated in DSS-induced colitis in WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice. 26912654 5 36 theme ×Parp1 1047:1052 arg1 mice 1076:1079 WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice 1007:1079 WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice 1007:1079 Parp1 deficiency was evaluated in DSS-induced colitis in WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice. 26912654 2 37 theme chemokines 430:439 arg1 expression 380:389 the expression 376:389 the expression of proinflammatory mediator cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules 376:463 PARP1, the most abundant isoform, regulates the expression of proinflammatory mediator cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, and inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity reduced or ameliorated autoimmune diseases in several experimental models, including colitis. 26912654 3 38 theme mechanism 616:624 arg1 s 626:626 the mechanism(s) 612:627 the mechanism(s) underlying the protective effects of PARP1 inhibition in colitis and the cell types in which Parp1 deletion has the most significant impact 612:767 However, the mechanism(s) underlying the protective effects of PARP1 inhibition in colitis and the cell types in which Parp1 deletion has the most significant impact are unknown. 26912654 3 38 theme mechanism 616:624 arg1 unknown 773:779 unknown 773:779 unknown 773:779 However, the mechanism(s) underlying the protective effects of PARP1 inhibition in colitis and the cell types in which Parp1 deletion has the most significant impact are unknown. 26912654 5 39 theme Parp1 950:954 arg1 deficiency 956:965 Parp1 deficiency 950:965 Parp1 deficiency 950:965 Parp1 deficiency was evaluated in DSS-induced colitis in WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice. 26912654 2 40 theme cytokines 419:427 arg1 expression 380:389 the expression 376:389 the expression of proinflammatory mediator cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules 376:463 PARP1, the most abundant isoform, regulates the expression of proinflammatory mediator cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, and inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity reduced or ameliorated autoimmune diseases in several experimental models, including colitis. 26912654 2 41 theme adhesion 446:453 arg1 molecules 455:463 adhesion molecules 446:463 adhesion molecules 446:463 PARP1, the most abundant isoform, regulates the expression of proinflammatory mediator cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, and inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity reduced or ameliorated autoimmune diseases in several experimental models, including colitis. 26912654 0 42 theme Mucosal 56:62 arg1 Injury 64:69 Colonic Mucosal Injury 48:69 Colonic Mucosal Injury 48:69 Transcriptional Reprogramming and Resistance to Colonic Mucosal Injury in Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1)-deficient Mice. 26912654 5 43 theme Rag2 1038:1041 arg1 mice 1076:1079 WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice 1007:1079 WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice 1007:1079 Parp1 deficiency was evaluated in DSS-induced colitis in WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice. 26912654 8 44 theme colonic 1451:1457 arg1 increases 1471:1479 increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa 1471:1533 increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa 1471:1533 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 8 44 theme colonic 1451:1457 arg1 microbiota 1459:1468 the colonic microbiota 1447:1468 the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) 1447:1534 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 1 45 theme branched 185:192 arg1 polymers 194:201 branched polymers 185:201 branched polymers of ADP-ribose to acceptor proteins using NAD as a substrate 185:261 Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) synthesize and bind branched polymers of ADP-ribose to acceptor proteins using NAD as a substrate and participate in the control of gene transcription and DNA repair. 26912654 7 46 theme transcriptional 1345:1359 arg1 reprogramming 1361:1373 a dramatic transcriptional reprogramming 1334:1373 a dramatic transcriptional reprogramming in the colon 1334:1386 Compared with WT, we demonstrated that Parp1(-/-) were protected from dextran-sulfate sodium-induced colitis and that this protection was associated with a dramatic transcriptional reprogramming in the colon. 26912654 8 47 theme relative 1481:1488 arg1 abundance 1490:1498 relative abundance 1481:1498 relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV 1481:1524 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 8 47 theme relative 1481:1488 arg1 increases 1471:1479 increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa 1471:1533 increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa 1471:1533 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 6 48 theme amplicon 1146:1153 arg1 profiling 1155:1163 fecal 16S amplicon profiling 1136:1163 fecal 16S amplicon profiling 1136:1163 Genome-wide analysis of the colonic transcriptome and fecal 16S amplicon profiling was performed. 26912654 5 49 theme -/- 1054:1056 arg1 mice 1076:1079 WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice 1007:1079 WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice 1007:1079 Parp1 deficiency was evaluated in DSS-induced colitis in WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice. 26912654 2 50 theme experimental 563:574 arg1 models 576:581 several experimental models 555:581 several experimental models 555:581 PARP1, the most abundant isoform, regulates the expression of proinflammatory mediator cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, and inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity reduced or ameliorated autoimmune diseases in several experimental models, including colitis. 26912654 2 50 theme experimental 563:574 arg1 colitis 594:600 colitis 594:600 colitis 594:600 PARP1, the most abundant isoform, regulates the expression of proinflammatory mediator cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, and inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity reduced or ameliorated autoimmune diseases in several experimental models, including colitis. 26912654 9 51 theme Rag2 1698:1701 arg1 mice 1721:1724 Rag2(-/-) × Parp1(-/-) mice 1698:1724 Rag2(-/-) × Parp1(-/-) mice 1698:1724 The protective effects conferred by Parp1 deletion were lost in Rag2(-/-) × Parp1(-/-) mice, highlighting the role of the adaptive immune system for full protection. 26912654 3 52 theme protective 644:653 arg1 effects 655:661 the protective effects 640:661 the protective effects of PARP1 inhibition in colitis 640:692 However, the mechanism(s) underlying the protective effects of PARP1 inhibition in colitis and the cell types in which Parp1 deletion has the most significant impact are unknown. 26912654 6 53 theme fecal 1136:1140 arg1 profiling 1155:1163 fecal 16S amplicon profiling 1136:1163 fecal 16S amplicon profiling 1136:1163 Genome-wide analysis of the colonic transcriptome and fecal 16S amplicon profiling was performed. 26912654 5 54 theme double 1059:1064 arg1 mice 1076:1079 WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice 1007:1079 WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice 1007:1079 Parp1 deficiency was evaluated in DSS-induced colitis in WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice. 26912654 9 55 theme -/- 1703:1705 arg1 mice 1721:1724 Rag2(-/-) × Parp1(-/-) mice 1698:1724 Rag2(-/-) × Parp1(-/-) mice 1698:1724 The protective effects conferred by Parp1 deletion were lost in Rag2(-/-) × Parp1(-/-) mice, highlighting the role of the adaptive immune system for full protection. 26912654 8 56 theme clusters 1514:1521 arg1 abundance 1490:1498 relative abundance 1481:1498 relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV 1481:1524 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 8 56 theme clusters 1514:1521 arg1 XIVa 1530:1533 XIVa 1530:1533 XIVa 1530:1533 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 8 56 theme clusters 1514:1521 arg1 increases 1471:1479 increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa 1471:1533 increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa 1471:1533 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 6 57 theme transcriptome 1118:1130 arg1 analysis 1094:1101 Genome-wide analysis 1082:1101 Genome-wide analysis of the colonic transcriptome and fecal 16S amplicon profiling 1082:1163 Genome-wide analysis of the colonic transcriptome and fecal 16S amplicon profiling was performed. 26912654 2 58 theme mediator 410:417 arg1 cytokines 419:427 proinflammatory mediator cytokines 394:427 proinflammatory mediator cytokines 394:427 PARP1, the most abundant isoform, regulates the expression of proinflammatory mediator cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, and inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity reduced or ameliorated autoimmune diseases in several experimental models, including colitis. 26912654 9 59 theme × 1708:1708 arg1 mice 1721:1724 Rag2(-/-) × Parp1(-/-) mice 1698:1724 Rag2(-/-) × Parp1(-/-) mice 1698:1724 The protective effects conferred by Parp1 deletion were lost in Rag2(-/-) × Parp1(-/-) mice, highlighting the role of the adaptive immune system for full protection. 26912654 3 60 theme inhibition 672:681 arg1 effects 655:661 the protective effects 640:661 the protective effects of PARP1 inhibition in colitis 640:692 However, the mechanism(s) underlying the protective effects of PARP1 inhibition in colitis and the cell types in which Parp1 deletion has the most significant impact are unknown. 26912654 3 60 theme inhibition 672:681 arg1 types 707:711 the cell types 698:711 the cell types in which Parp1 deletion has the most significant impact 698:767 However, the mechanism(s) underlying the protective effects of PARP1 inhibition in colitis and the cell types in which Parp1 deletion has the most significant impact are unknown. 26912654 7 61 theme sodium-induced 1266:1279 arg1 colitis 1281:1287 dextran-sulfate sodium-induced colitis 1250:1287 dextran-sulfate sodium-induced colitis 1250:1287 Compared with WT, we demonstrated that Parp1(-/-) were protected from dextran-sulfate sodium-induced colitis and that this protection was associated with a dramatic transcriptional reprogramming in the colon. 26912654 8 62 theme CD4 1591:1593 arg1 cells 1627:1631 mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells 1583:1631 mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells 1583:1631 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 4 63 theme Parp1 848:852 arg1 deletion 854:861 Parp1 deletion 848:861 Parp1 deletion 848:861 The objective of the current study was to determine the impact of Parp1 deletion on the innate immune response to mucosal injury and on the gut microbiome composition. 26912654 5 64 theme WT 1007:1008 arg1 mice 1076:1079 WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice 1007:1079 WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice 1007:1079 Parp1 deficiency was evaluated in DSS-induced colitis in WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice. 26912654 2 65 theme PARP1 484:488 arg1 activity 500:507 PARP1 enzymatic activity 484:507 PARP1 enzymatic activity 484:507 PARP1, the most abundant isoform, regulates the expression of proinflammatory mediator cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, and inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity reduced or ameliorated autoimmune diseases in several experimental models, including colitis. 26912654 6 66 theme Genome-wide 1082:1092 arg1 analysis 1094:1101 Genome-wide analysis 1082:1101 Genome-wide analysis of the colonic transcriptome and fecal 16S amplicon profiling 1082:1163 Genome-wide analysis of the colonic transcriptome and fecal 16S amplicon profiling was performed. 26912654 3 67 from effects 655:661 arg1 colitis 686:692 colitis 686:692 colitis 686:692 However, the mechanism(s) underlying the protective effects of PARP1 inhibition in colitis and the cell types in which Parp1 deletion has the most significant impact are unknown. 26912654 5 68 theme Parp1 1011:1015 arg1 mice 1076:1079 WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice 1007:1079 WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice 1007:1079 Parp1 deficiency was evaluated in DSS-induced colitis in WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)×Parp1(-/-) double knock-out mice. 26912654 8 69 theme CD25 1597:1600 arg1 cells 1627:1631 mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells 1583:1631 mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells 1583:1631 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 7 70 from reprogramming 1361:1373 arg1 colon 1382:1386 the colon 1378:1386 the colon 1378:1386 Compared with WT, we demonstrated that Parp1(-/-) were protected from dextran-sulfate sodium-induced colitis and that this protection was associated with a dramatic transcriptional reprogramming in the colon. 26912654 2 71 theme autoimmune 532:541 arg1 diseases 543:550 autoimmune diseases 532:550 autoimmune diseases 532:550 PARP1, the most abundant isoform, regulates the expression of proinflammatory mediator cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, and inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity reduced or ameliorated autoimmune diseases in several experimental models, including colitis. 26912654 4 72 from impact 838:843 arg1 response 884:891 the innate immune response 866:891 the innate immune response to mucosal injury 866:909 The objective of the current study was to determine the impact of Parp1 deletion on the innate immune response to mucosal injury and on the gut microbiome composition. 26912654 4 72 from impact 838:843 arg1 composition 937:947 the gut microbiome composition 918:947 the gut microbiome composition 918:947 The objective of the current study was to determine the impact of Parp1 deletion on the innate immune response to mucosal injury and on the gut microbiome composition. 26912654 3 73 theme significant 750:760 arg1 impact 762:767 the most significant impact 741:767 the most significant impact 741:767 However, the mechanism(s) underlying the protective effects of PARP1 inhibition in colitis and the cell types in which Parp1 deletion has the most significant impact are unknown. 26912654 0 74 theme Poly 74:77 arg1 Polymerase 91:100 Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 74:102 Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1) 74:110 Transcriptional Reprogramming and Resistance to Colonic Mucosal Injury in Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1)-deficient Mice. 26912654 0 74 theme Poly 74:77 arg1 PARP1 105:109 PARP1 105:109 PARP1 105:109 Transcriptional Reprogramming and Resistance to Colonic Mucosal Injury in Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1)-deficient Mice. 26912654 8 75 theme Foxp3 1605:1609 arg1 cells 1627:1631 mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells 1583:1631 mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells 1583:1631 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 4 76 theme mucosal 896:902 arg1 injury 904:909 mucosal injury 896:909 mucosal injury 896:909 The objective of the current study was to determine the impact of Parp1 deletion on the innate immune response to mucosal injury and on the gut microbiome composition. 26912654 0 77 from Resistance 34:43 arg1 Mice 122:125 Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1)-deficient Mice 74:125 Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1)-deficient Mice 74:125 Transcriptional Reprogramming and Resistance to Colonic Mucosal Injury in Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1)-deficient Mice. 26912654 9 78 theme adaptive 1756:1763 arg1 system 1772:1777 the adaptive immune system 1752:1777 the adaptive immune system 1752:1777 The protective effects conferred by Parp1 deletion were lost in Rag2(-/-) × Parp1(-/-) mice, highlighting the role of the adaptive immune system for full protection. 26912654 0 79 theme ADP-ribose 79:88 arg1 Polymerase 91:100 Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 74:102 Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1) 74:110 Transcriptional Reprogramming and Resistance to Colonic Mucosal Injury in Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1)-deficient Mice. 26912654 0 79 theme ADP-ribose 79:88 arg1 PARP1 105:109 PARP1 105:109 PARP1 105:109 Transcriptional Reprogramming and Resistance to Colonic Mucosal Injury in Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1)-deficient Mice. 26912654 2 80 theme activity 500:507 arg1 inhibition 470:479 inhibition 470:479 inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity 470:507 PARP1, the most abundant isoform, regulates the expression of proinflammatory mediator cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, and inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity reduced or ameliorated autoimmune diseases in several experimental models, including colitis. 26912654 0 81 from Reprogramming 16:28 arg1 Mice 122:125 Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1)-deficient Mice 74:125 Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1)-deficient Mice 74:125 Transcriptional Reprogramming and Resistance to Colonic Mucosal Injury in Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1)-deficient Mice. 26912654 9 82 theme system 1772:1777 arg1 role 1744:1747 the role 1740:1747 the role of the adaptive immune system for full protection 1740:1797 The protective effects conferred by Parp1 deletion were lost in Rag2(-/-) × Parp1(-/-) mice, highlighting the role of the adaptive immune system for full protection. 26912654 1 83 theme transcription 302:314 arg1 control 286:292 the control 282:292 the control of gene transcription and DNA repair 282:329 Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) synthesize and bind branched polymers of ADP-ribose to acceptor proteins using NAD as a substrate and participate in the control of gene transcription and DNA repair. 26912654 8 84 theme regulatory 1614:1623 arg1 cells 1627:1631 mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells 1583:1631 mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells 1583:1631 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 4 85 theme innate 870:875 arg1 response 884:891 the innate immune response 866:891 the innate immune response to mucosal injury 866:909 The objective of the current study was to determine the impact of Parp1 deletion on the innate immune response to mucosal injury and on the gut microbiome composition. 26912654 9 86 theme full 1783:1786 arg1 protection 1788:1797 full protection 1783:1797 full protection 1783:1797 The protective effects conferred by Parp1 deletion were lost in Rag2(-/-) × Parp1(-/-) mice, highlighting the role of the adaptive immune system for full protection. 26912654 1 87 theme DNA 320:322 arg1 repair 324:329 DNA repair 320:329 DNA repair 320:329 Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) synthesize and bind branched polymers of ADP-ribose to acceptor proteins using NAD as a substrate and participate in the control of gene transcription and DNA repair. 26912654 8 88 theme cells 1627:1631 arg1 frequency 1570:1578 the frequency 1566:1578 the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells 1566:1631 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 3 89 from types 707:711 arg1 colitis 686:692 colitis 686:692 colitis 686:692 However, the mechanism(s) underlying the protective effects of PARP1 inhibition in colitis and the cell types in which Parp1 deletion has the most significant impact are unknown. 26912654 8 90 from increase 1554:1561 arg1 frequency 1570:1578 the frequency 1566:1578 the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells 1566:1631 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 0 91 theme Colonic 48:54 arg1 Injury 64:69 Colonic Mucosal Injury 48:69 Colonic Mucosal Injury 48:69 Transcriptional Reprogramming and Resistance to Colonic Mucosal Injury in Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1)-deficient Mice. 26912654 8 92 from modulation 1433:1442 arg1 frequency 1570:1578 the frequency 1566:1578 the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells 1566:1631 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 9 93 theme protective 1638:1647 arg1 effects 1649:1655 The protective effects 1634:1655 The protective effects conferred by Parp1 deletion 1634:1683 The protective effects conferred by Parp1 deletion were lost in Rag2(-/-) × Parp1(-/-) mice, highlighting the role of the adaptive immune system for full protection. 26912654 2 94 theme abundant 348:355 arg1 isoform 357:363 the most abundant isoform 339:363 the most abundant isoform 339:363 PARP1, the most abundant isoform, regulates the expression of proinflammatory mediator cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, and inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity reduced or ameliorated autoimmune diseases in several experimental models, including colitis. 26912654 2 94 theme abundant 348:355 arg1 PARP1 332:336 PARP1 332:336 PARP1 332:336 PARP1, the most abundant isoform, regulates the expression of proinflammatory mediator cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, and inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity reduced or ameliorated autoimmune diseases in several experimental models, including colitis. 26912654 8 95 dep increases 1471:1479 arg1 abundance 1490:1498 relative abundance 1481:1498 relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV 1481:1524 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 8 95 dep increases 1471:1479 arg1 XIVa 1530:1533 XIVa 1530:1533 XIVa 1530:1533 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 8 95 dep increases 1471:1479 arg1 increases 1471:1479 increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa 1471:1533 increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa 1471:1533 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 4 96 theme microbiome 926:935 arg1 composition 937:947 the gut microbiome composition 918:947 the gut microbiome composition 918:947 The objective of the current study was to determine the impact of Parp1 deletion on the innate immune response to mucosal injury and on the gut microbiome composition. 26912654 8 97 theme microbiota 1459:1468 arg1 modulation 1433:1442 a modulation 1431:1442 a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) 1431:1534 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 8 97 theme microbiota 1459:1468 arg1 increase 1554:1561 a concomitant increase 1540:1561 a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells 1540:1631 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 9 98 theme Parp1 1670:1674 arg1 deletion 1676:1683 Parp1 deletion 1670:1683 Parp1 deletion 1670:1683 The protective effects conferred by Parp1 deletion were lost in Rag2(-/-) × Parp1(-/-) mice, highlighting the role of the adaptive immune system for full protection. 26912654 3 99 contain has 737:739 arg2 impact 762:767 the most significant impact 741:767 the most significant impact 741:767 However, the mechanism(s) underlying the protective effects of PARP1 inhibition in colitis and the cell types in which Parp1 deletion has the most significant impact are unknown. 26912654 3 99 contain has 737:739 arg1 deletion 728:735 Parp1 deletion 722:735 Parp1 deletion 722:735 However, the mechanism(s) underlying the protective effects of PARP1 inhibition in colitis and the cell types in which Parp1 deletion has the most significant impact are unknown. 26912654 8 100 theme concomitant 1542:1552 arg1 increase 1554:1561 a concomitant increase 1540:1561 a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells 1540:1631 PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. 26912654 1 101 theme ADP-ribose 206:215 arg1 polymers 194:201 branched polymers 185:201 branched polymers of ADP-ribose to acceptor proteins using NAD as a substrate 185:261 Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) synthesize and bind branched polymers of ADP-ribose to acceptor proteins using NAD as a substrate and participate in the control of gene transcription and DNA repair. 25239168 10 0 theme TLRs 1528:1531 arg1 combinations 1502:1513 specific combinations 1493:1513 specific combinations of activated TLRs 1493:1531 In contrast, additional activation of TLR7 suppresses the inflammatory response mediated by the respective ligands for TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9 up to 24 h, indicating that specific combinations of activated TLRs individually modulate the inflammatory response. 25239168 2 1 theme major 341:345 arg1 cells 354:358 the major immune cells 337:358 the major immune cells of the brain 337:371 The central nervous system (CNS) exhibits most of the TLRs identified with predominant expression in microglia, the major immune cells of the brain. 25239168 2 1 theme major 341:345 arg1 microglia 326:334 microglia 326:334 microglia 326:334 The central nervous system (CNS) exhibits most of the TLRs identified with predominant expression in microglia, the major immune cells of the brain. 25239168 13 2 theme cerebrospinal 2131:2143 arg1 fluid 2145:2149 the cerebrospinal fluid 2127:2149 the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent 2127:2170 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 11 3 theme inflammatory 1618:1629 arg1 pattern 1640:1646 the inflammatory response pattern 1614:1646 the inflammatory response pattern generated by microglia 1614:1669 Accordingly, the composition of the inflammatory response pattern generated by microglia varies depending on the identity and combination of the activated TLRs engaged. 25239168 14 4 theme activated 2288:2296 arg1 TLR 2298:2300 the respective activated TLR and TLR combinations 2273:2321 TLR 2298:2300 Also, the intensity of the inflammatory response and neurodegenerative effects differs according to the respective activated TLR and TLR combinations used in vivo. 25239168 9 5 theme respective 1190:1199 arg1 ligands 1210:1216 their respective specific ligands 1184:1216 their respective specific ligands 1184:1216 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands results in an increased inflammatory response compared to activation of the respective single TLR in vitro. 25239168 2 6 theme immune 347:352 arg1 cells 354:358 the major immune cells 337:358 the major immune cells of the brain 337:371 The central nervous system (CNS) exhibits most of the TLRs identified with predominant expression in microglia, the major immune cells of the brain. 25239168 2 6 theme immune 347:352 arg1 microglia 326:334 microglia 326:334 microglia 326:334 The central nervous system (CNS) exhibits most of the TLRs identified with predominant expression in microglia, the major immune cells of the brain. 25239168 13 7 theme TLR4 1883:1886 arg1 Activation 1863:1872 Activation 1863:1872 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice 1863:1988 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 10 8 theme inflammatory 1559:1570 arg1 response 1572:1579 the inflammatory response 1555:1579 the inflammatory response 1555:1579 In contrast, additional activation of TLR7 suppresses the inflammatory response mediated by the respective ligands for TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9 up to 24 h, indicating that specific combinations of activated TLRs individually modulate the inflammatory response. 25239168 3 9 from consequences 451:462 arg1 brain 498:502 the brain 494:502 the brain 494:502 Although individual TLRs have been shown to contribute to CNS disorders, the consequences of multiple activated TLRs on the brain are unclear. 25239168 13 10 from mRNAs 2044:2048 arg1 brain 2057:2061 the brain 2053:2061 the brain 2053:2061 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 2 11 theme predominant 300:310 arg1 expression 312:321 predominant expression 300:321 predominant expression in microglia, the major immune cells of the brain 300:371 The central nervous system (CNS) exhibits most of the TLRs identified with predominant expression in microglia, the major immune cells of the brain. 25239168 12 12 theme neuronal 1761:1768 arg1 injury 1770:1775 neuronal injury 1761:1775 neuronal injury 1761:1775 Likewise, neuronal injury occurs in response to activation of only selected TLRs and TLR combinations in vitro. 25239168 9 13 theme increased 1232:1240 arg1 response 1255:1262 an increased inflammatory response 1229:1262 an increased inflammatory response compared to activation of the respective single TLR in vitro 1229:1323 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands results in an increased inflammatory response compared to activation of the respective single TLR in vitro. 25239168 1 14 theme host-derived 201:212 arg1 molecules 214:222 host-derived molecules 201:222 host-derived molecules 201:222 BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) enable innate immune cells to respond to pathogen- and host-derived molecules. 25239168 9 15 from TLR9 1143:1146 arg1 microglia 1171:1179 microglia 1171:1179 microglia 1171:1179 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands results in an increased inflammatory response compared to activation of the respective single TLR in vitro. 25239168 13 16 theme mediators 2112:2120 arg1 influx 2074:2079 influx 2074:2079 influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent 2074:2170 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 2 17 theme nervous 237:243 arg1 CNS 253:255 CNS 253:255 CNS 253:255 The central nervous system (CNS) exhibits most of the TLRs identified with predominant expression in microglia, the major immune cells of the brain. 25239168 2 17 theme nervous 237:243 arg1 system 245:250 The central nervous system 225:250 The central nervous system (CNS) 225:256 The central nervous system (CNS) exhibits most of the TLRs identified with predominant expression in microglia, the major immune cells of the brain. 25239168 15 18 theme Sole 2349:2352 arg1 activation 2367:2376 CONCLUSIONS Sole and pairwise activation 2337:2376 CONCLUSIONS Sole and pairwise activation of TLRs 2337:2384 CONCLUSIONS Sole and pairwise activation of TLRs modifies the pattern and extent of inflammation and neurodegeneration in the CNS, thereby enabling innate immunity to take account of the CNS diseases' diversity. 25239168 15 19 theme TLRs 2381:2384 arg1 activation 2367:2376 CONCLUSIONS Sole and pairwise activation 2337:2376 CONCLUSIONS Sole and pairwise activation of TLRs 2337:2384 CONCLUSIONS Sole and pairwise activation of TLRs modifies the pattern and extent of inflammation and neurodegeneration in the CNS, thereby enabling innate immunity to take account of the CNS diseases' diversity. 25239168 15 20 theme diversity 2538:2546 arg1 account 2509:2515 account 2509:2515 account of the CNS diseases' diversity 2509:2546 CONCLUSIONS Sole and pairwise activation of TLRs modifies the pattern and extent of inflammation and neurodegeneration in the CNS, thereby enabling innate immunity to take account of the CNS diseases' diversity. 25239168 0 21 theme activation 53:62 arg1 impact 4:9 The impact 0:9 The impact of single and pairwise Toll-like receptor activation on neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. 0:106 The impact of single and pairwise Toll-like receptor activation on neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. 25239168 9 22 theme respective 1294:1303 arg1 TLR 1312:1314 the respective single TLR 1290:1314 the respective single TLR 1290:1314 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands results in an increased inflammatory response compared to activation of the respective single TLR in vitro. 25239168 15 23 theme neurodegeneration 2438:2454 arg1 pattern 2399:2405 pattern 2399:2405 pattern 2399:2405 CONCLUSIONS Sole and pairwise activation of TLRs modifies the pattern and extent of inflammation and neurodegeneration in the CNS, thereby enabling innate immunity to take account of the CNS diseases' diversity. 25239168 15 23 theme neurodegeneration 2438:2454 arg1 extent 2411:2416 extent 2411:2416 extent 2411:2416 CONCLUSIONS Sole and pairwise activation of TLRs modifies the pattern and extent of inflammation and neurodegeneration in the CNS, thereby enabling innate immunity to take account of the CNS diseases' diversity. 25239168 1 24 theme innate 153:158 arg1 cells 167:171 innate immune cells 153:171 innate immune cells 153:171 BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) enable innate immune cells to respond to pathogen- and host-derived molecules. 25239168 13 25 theme TLR7 1889:1892 arg1 Activation 1863:1872 Activation 1863:1872 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice 1863:1988 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 5 26 theme varying 758:764 arg1 combinations 766:777 varying combinations 758:777 varying combinations 758:777 METHODS Selected TLRs expressed in microglia and neurons were stimulated with their specific TLR ligands in varying combinations. 25239168 9 27 theme TLR 1312:1314 arg1 activation 1276:1285 activation 1276:1285 activation of the respective single TLR in vitro 1276:1323 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands results in an increased inflammatory response compared to activation of the respective single TLR in vitro. 25239168 8 28 theme quantitative 1028:1039 arg1 PCR 1051:1053 quantitative real-time PCR 1028:1053 quantitative real-time PCR 1028:1053 Subsequently, brain sections were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. 25239168 7 29 theme TLR 968:970 arg1 agonists 972:979 TLR agonists 968:979 TLR agonists 968:979 To determine neuronal injury and neuroinflammation in vivo, C57BL/6J mice were injected intrathecally with TLR agonists. 25239168 2 30 from expression 312:321 arg1 cells 354:358 the major immune cells 337:358 the major immune cells of the brain 337:371 The central nervous system (CNS) exhibits most of the TLRs identified with predominant expression in microglia, the major immune cells of the brain. 25239168 2 30 from expression 312:321 arg1 microglia 326:334 microglia 326:334 microglia 326:334 The central nervous system (CNS) exhibits most of the TLRs identified with predominant expression in microglia, the major immune cells of the brain. 25239168 13 31 theme TLR 1960:1962 arg1 ligand 1964:1969 the respective TLR ligand 1945:1969 the respective TLR ligand 1945:1969 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 9 32 theme Simultaneous 1089:1100 arg1 stimulation 1102:1112 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation 1081:1112 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands 1081:1216 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands results in an increased inflammatory response compared to activation of the respective single TLR in vitro. 25239168 4 33 from impact 575:580 arg1 injury 642:647 injury 642:647 injury 642:647 We therefore systematically investigated and compared the impact of sole and pairwise TLR activation on CNS inflammation and injury. 25239168 4 33 from impact 575:580 arg1 inflammation 625:636 CNS inflammation 621:636 CNS inflammation 621:636 We therefore systematically investigated and compared the impact of sole and pairwise TLR activation on CNS inflammation and injury. 25239168 13 34 theme TLR2 1877:1880 arg1 Activation 1863:1872 Activation 1863:1872 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice 1863:1988 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 5 35 theme specific 734:741 arg1 ligands 747:753 their specific TLR ligands 728:753 their specific TLR ligands in varying combinations 728:777 METHODS Selected TLRs expressed in microglia and neurons were stimulated with their specific TLR ligands in varying combinations. 25239168 13 36 theme TLR 2040:2042 arg1 mRNAs 2044:2048 distinct TLR mRNAs 2031:2048 distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain 2031:2061 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 12 37 dep activation 1799:1808 arg1 response 1787:1794 response 1787:1794 response 1787:1794 Likewise, neuronal injury occurs in response to activation of only selected TLRs and TLR combinations in vitro. 25239168 2 38 theme brain 367:371 arg1 cells 354:358 the major immune cells 337:358 the major immune cells of the brain 337:371 The central nervous system (CNS) exhibits most of the TLRs identified with predominant expression in microglia, the major immune cells of the brain. 25239168 2 38 theme brain 367:371 arg1 microglia 326:334 microglia 326:334 microglia 326:334 The central nervous system (CNS) exhibits most of the TLRs identified with predominant expression in microglia, the major immune cells of the brain. 25239168 13 39 theme leukocytes 2084:2093 arg1 influx 2074:2079 influx 2074:2079 influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent 2074:2170 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 7 40 theme C57BL/6J 921:928 arg1 mice 930:933 C57BL/6J mice 921:933 C57BL/6J mice 921:933 To determine neuronal injury and neuroinflammation in vivo, C57BL/6J mice were injected intrathecally with TLR agonists. 25239168 15 41 from pattern 2399:2405 arg1 CNS 2463:2465 the CNS 2459:2465 the CNS 2459:2465 CONCLUSIONS Sole and pairwise activation of TLRs modifies the pattern and extent of inflammation and neurodegeneration in the CNS, thereby enabling innate immunity to take account of the CNS diseases' diversity. 25239168 13 42 theme ligand 1964:1969 arg1 injection 1932:1940 intrathecal injection 1920:1940 intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice 1920:1988 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 14 43 theme effects 2244:2250 arg1 intensity 2183:2191 the intensity 2179:2191 the intensity of the inflammatory response and neurodegenerative effects 2179:2250 Also, the intensity of the inflammatory response and neurodegenerative effects differs according to the respective activated TLR and TLR combinations used in vivo. 25239168 1 44 theme Toll-like 119:127 arg1 TLRs 140:143 TLRs 140:143 TLRs 140:143 BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) enable innate immune cells to respond to pathogen- and host-derived molecules. 25239168 1 44 theme Toll-like 119:127 arg1 receptors 129:137 BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors 108:137 BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 108:144 BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) enable innate immune cells to respond to pathogen- and host-derived molecules. 25239168 15 45 from extent 2411:2416 arg1 CNS 2463:2465 the CNS 2459:2465 the CNS 2459:2465 CONCLUSIONS Sole and pairwise activation of TLRs modifies the pattern and extent of inflammation and neurodegeneration in the CNS, thereby enabling innate immunity to take account of the CNS diseases' diversity. 25239168 9 46 from TLR4 1133:1136 arg1 microglia 1171:1179 microglia 1171:1179 microglia 1171:1179 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands results in an increased inflammatory response compared to activation of the respective single TLR in vitro. 25239168 3 47 theme CNS 432:434 arg1 disorders 436:444 CNS disorders 432:444 CNS disorders 432:444 Although individual TLRs have been shown to contribute to CNS disorders, the consequences of multiple activated TLRs on the brain are unclear. 25239168 13 48 from Activation 1863:1872 arg1 brain 1911:1915 the brain 1907:1915 the brain 1907:1915 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 3 49 theme individual 383:392 arg1 TLRs 394:397 individual TLRs 383:397 individual TLRs 383:397 Although individual TLRs have been shown to contribute to CNS disorders, the consequences of multiple activated TLRs on the brain are unclear. 25239168 10 50 theme activated 1518:1526 arg1 TLRs 1528:1531 activated TLRs 1518:1531 activated TLRs 1518:1531 In contrast, additional activation of TLR7 suppresses the inflammatory response mediated by the respective ligands for TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9 up to 24 h, indicating that specific combinations of activated TLRs individually modulate the inflammatory response. 25239168 9 51 from TLR2 1127:1130 arg1 microglia 1171:1179 microglia 1171:1179 microglia 1171:1179 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands results in an increased inflammatory response compared to activation of the respective single TLR in vitro. 25239168 13 52 theme specific 1999:2006 arg1 patterns 2019:2026 specific expression patterns 1999:2026 specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain 1999:2061 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 3 53 theme multiple 467:474 arg1 TLRs 486:489 multiple activated TLRs 467:489 multiple activated TLRs 467:489 Although individual TLRs have been shown to contribute to CNS disorders, the consequences of multiple activated TLRs on the brain are unclear. 25239168 0 54 theme Toll-like 34:42 arg1 activation 53:62 single and pairwise Toll-like receptor activation 14:62 single and pairwise Toll-like receptor activation 14:62 The impact of single and pairwise Toll-like receptor activation on neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. 25239168 15 55 theme inflammation 2421:2432 arg1 pattern 2399:2405 pattern 2399:2405 pattern 2399:2405 CONCLUSIONS Sole and pairwise activation of TLRs modifies the pattern and extent of inflammation and neurodegeneration in the CNS, thereby enabling innate immunity to take account of the CNS diseases' diversity. 25239168 15 55 theme inflammation 2421:2432 arg1 extent 2411:2416 extent 2411:2416 extent 2411:2416 CONCLUSIONS Sole and pairwise activation of TLRs modifies the pattern and extent of inflammation and neurodegeneration in the CNS, thereby enabling innate immunity to take account of the CNS diseases' diversity. 25239168 12 56 theme combinations 1840:1851 arg1 activation 1799:1808 activation 1799:1808 activation of only selected TLRs and TLR combinations in vitro 1799:1860 Likewise, neuronal injury occurs in response to activation of only selected TLRs and TLR combinations in vitro. 25239168 4 57 theme sole 585:588 arg1 activation 607:616 sole and pairwise TLR activation 585:616 sole and pairwise TLR activation 585:616 We therefore systematically investigated and compared the impact of sole and pairwise TLR activation on CNS inflammation and injury. 25239168 14 58 theme response 2213:2220 arg1 intensity 2183:2191 the intensity 2179:2191 the intensity of the inflammatory response and neurodegenerative effects 2179:2250 Also, the intensity of the inflammatory response and neurodegenerative effects differs according to the respective activated TLR and TLR combinations used in vivo. 25239168 11 59 theme TLRs 1737:1740 arg1 combination 1708:1718 combination 1708:1718 combination 1708:1718 Accordingly, the composition of the inflammatory response pattern generated by microglia varies depending on the identity and combination of the activated TLRs engaged. 25239168 11 59 theme TLRs 1737:1740 arg1 identity 1695:1702 identity 1695:1702 identity 1695:1702 Accordingly, the composition of the inflammatory response pattern generated by microglia varies depending on the identity and combination of the activated TLRs engaged. 25239168 9 60 from stimulation 1102:1112 arg1 microglia 1171:1179 microglia 1171:1179 microglia 1171:1179 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands results in an increased inflammatory response compared to activation of the respective single TLR in vitro. 25239168 13 61 theme C57BL/6J 1976:1983 arg1 mice 1985:1988 C57BL/6J mice 1976:1988 C57BL/6J mice 1976:1988 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 12 62 theme selected 1818:1825 arg1 TLRs 1827:1830 only selected TLRs 1813:1830 only selected TLRs 1813:1830 Likewise, neuronal injury occurs in response to activation of only selected TLRs and TLR combinations in vitro. 25239168 4 63 theme pairwise 594:601 arg1 activation 607:616 sole and pairwise TLR activation 585:616 sole and pairwise TLR activation 585:616 We therefore systematically investigated and compared the impact of sole and pairwise TLR activation on CNS inflammation and injury. 25239168 10 64 theme TLR7 1364:1367 arg1 activation 1350:1359 additional activation 1339:1359 additional activation of TLR7 1339:1367 In contrast, additional activation of TLR7 suppresses the inflammatory response mediated by the respective ligands for TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9 up to 24 h, indicating that specific combinations of activated TLRs individually modulate the inflammatory response. 25239168 3 65 theme TLRs 486:489 arg1 consequences 451:462 the consequences 447:462 the consequences of multiple activated TLRs on the brain 447:502 Although individual TLRs have been shown to contribute to CNS disorders, the consequences of multiple activated TLRs on the brain are unclear. 25239168 3 65 theme TLRs 486:489 arg1 unclear 508:514 unclear 508:514 unclear 508:514 Although individual TLRs have been shown to contribute to CNS disorders, the consequences of multiple activated TLRs on the brain are unclear. 25239168 15 66 theme pairwise 2358:2365 arg1 activation 2367:2376 CONCLUSIONS Sole and pairwise activation 2337:2376 CONCLUSIONS Sole and pairwise activation of TLRs 2337:2384 CONCLUSIONS Sole and pairwise activation of TLRs modifies the pattern and extent of inflammation and neurodegeneration in the CNS, thereby enabling innate immunity to take account of the CNS diseases' diversity. 25239168 13 67 from patterns 2019:2026 arg1 brain 2057:2061 the brain 2053:2061 the brain 2053:2061 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 13 68 theme intrathecal 1920:1930 arg1 injection 1932:1940 intrathecal injection 1920:1940 intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice 1920:1988 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 13 69 theme respective 1949:1958 arg1 ligand 1964:1969 the respective TLR ligand 1945:1969 the respective TLR ligand 1945:1969 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 7 70 theme neuronal 874:881 arg1 injury 883:888 injury 883:888 injury 883:888 To determine neuronal injury and neuroinflammation in vivo, C57BL/6J mice were injected intrathecally with TLR agonists. 25239168 8 71 theme brain 996:1000 arg1 sections 1002:1009 brain sections 996:1009 brain sections 996:1009 Subsequently, brain sections were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. 25239168 9 72 theme specific 1201:1208 arg1 ligands 1210:1216 their respective specific ligands 1184:1216 their respective specific ligands 1184:1216 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands results in an increased inflammatory response compared to activation of the respective single TLR in vitro. 25239168 9 73 from microglia 1171:1179 arg1 stimulation 1102:1112 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation 1081:1112 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands 1081:1216 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands results in an increased inflammatory response compared to activation of the respective single TLR in vitro. 25239168 6 74 theme Cell 780:783 arg1 cultures 785:792 Cell cultures 780:792 Cell cultures 780:792 Cell cultures were then analyzed by immunocytochemistry, FlowCytomix, and ELISA. 25239168 9 75 from TLR9 1163:1166 arg1 microglia 1171:1179 microglia 1171:1179 microglia 1171:1179 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands results in an increased inflammatory response compared to activation of the respective single TLR in vitro. 25239168 10 76 theme respective 1422:1431 arg1 ligands 1433:1439 the respective ligands 1418:1439 the respective ligands for TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9 up to 24 h 1418:1474 In contrast, additional activation of TLR7 suppresses the inflammatory response mediated by the respective ligands for TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9 up to 24 h, indicating that specific combinations of activated TLRs individually modulate the inflammatory response. 25239168 15 77 theme CNS 2524:2526 arg1 diseases 2528:2535 CNS diseases 2524:2535 the CNS diseases' diversity 2520:2546 CONCLUSIONS Sole and pairwise activation of TLRs modifies the pattern and extent of inflammation and neurodegeneration in the CNS, thereby enabling innate immunity to take account of the CNS diseases' diversity. 25239168 10 78 theme additional 1339:1348 arg1 activation 1350:1359 additional activation 1339:1359 additional activation of TLR7 1339:1367 In contrast, additional activation of TLR7 suppresses the inflammatory response mediated by the respective ligands for TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9 up to 24 h, indicating that specific combinations of activated TLRs individually modulate the inflammatory response. 25239168 9 79 from TLR2 1153:1156 arg1 microglia 1171:1179 microglia 1171:1179 microglia 1171:1179 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands results in an increased inflammatory response compared to activation of the respective single TLR in vitro. 25239168 13 80 from brain 2057:2061 arg1 patterns 2019:2026 specific expression patterns 1999:2026 specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain 1999:2061 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 9 81 theme inflammatory 1242:1253 arg1 response 1255:1262 an increased inflammatory response 1229:1262 an increased inflammatory response compared to activation of the respective single TLR in vitro 1229:1323 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands results in an increased inflammatory response compared to activation of the respective single TLR in vitro. 25239168 4 82 theme CNS 621:623 arg1 inflammation 625:636 CNS inflammation 621:636 CNS inflammation 621:636 We therefore systematically investigated and compared the impact of sole and pairwise TLR activation on CNS inflammation and injury. 25239168 2 83 theme central 229:235 arg1 CNS 253:255 CNS 253:255 CNS 253:255 The central nervous system (CNS) exhibits most of the TLRs identified with predominant expression in microglia, the major immune cells of the brain. 25239168 2 83 theme central 229:235 arg1 system 245:250 The central nervous system 225:250 The central nervous system (CNS) 225:256 The central nervous system (CNS) exhibits most of the TLRs identified with predominant expression in microglia, the major immune cells of the brain. 25239168 15 84 theme innate 2485:2490 arg1 immunity 2492:2499 innate immunity 2485:2499 innate immunity 2485:2499 CONCLUSIONS Sole and pairwise activation of TLRs modifies the pattern and extent of inflammation and neurodegeneration in the CNS, thereby enabling innate immunity to take account of the CNS diseases' diversity. 25239168 15 85 dep pattern 2399:2405 arg1 the 2395:2397 the 2395:2397 the 2395:2397 CONCLUSIONS Sole and pairwise activation of TLRs modifies the pattern and extent of inflammation and neurodegeneration in the CNS, thereby enabling innate immunity to take account of the CNS diseases' diversity. 25239168 13 86 theme TLR9 1899:1902 arg1 Activation 1863:1872 Activation 1863:1872 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice 1863:1988 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 5 87 theme TLR 743:745 arg1 ligands 747:753 their specific TLR ligands 728:753 their specific TLR ligands in varying combinations 728:777 METHODS Selected TLRs expressed in microglia and neurons were stimulated with their specific TLR ligands in varying combinations. 25239168 5 88 from ligands 747:753 arg1 combinations 766:777 varying combinations 758:777 varying combinations 758:777 METHODS Selected TLRs expressed in microglia and neurons were stimulated with their specific TLR ligands in varying combinations. 25239168 14 89 theme TLR 2306:2308 arg1 combinations 2310:2321 the respective activated TLR and TLR combinations 2273:2321 combinations 2310:2321 Also, the intensity of the inflammatory response and neurodegenerative effects differs according to the respective activated TLR and TLR combinations used in vivo. 25239168 10 90 dep h 1474:1474 arg1 up 1465:1466 up 1465:1466 up 1465:1466 In contrast, additional activation of TLR7 suppresses the inflammatory response mediated by the respective ligands for TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9 up to 24 h, indicating that specific combinations of activated TLRs individually modulate the inflammatory response. 25239168 9 91 theme single 1305:1310 arg1 TLR 1312:1314 the respective single TLR 1290:1314 the respective single TLR 1290:1314 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands results in an increased inflammatory response compared to activation of the respective single TLR in vitro. 25239168 8 92 theme real-time 1041:1049 arg1 PCR 1051:1053 quantitative real-time PCR 1028:1053 quantitative real-time PCR 1028:1053 Subsequently, brain sections were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. 25239168 1 93 theme immune 160:165 arg1 cells 167:171 innate immune cells 153:171 innate immune cells 153:171 BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) enable innate immune cells to respond to pathogen- and host-derived molecules. 25239168 0 94 from impact 4:9 arg1 neuroinflammation 67:83 neuroinflammation 67:83 neuroinflammation 67:83 The impact of single and pairwise Toll-like receptor activation on neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. 25239168 0 94 from impact 4:9 arg1 neurodegeneration 89:105 neurodegeneration 89:105 neurodegeneration 89:105 The impact of single and pairwise Toll-like receptor activation on neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. 25239168 9 95 theme RESULTS 1081:1087 arg1 stimulation 1102:1112 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation 1081:1112 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands 1081:1216 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands results in an increased inflammatory response compared to activation of the respective single TLR in vitro. 25239168 15 96 dep Sole 2349:2352 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 2337:2347 CONCLUSIONS 2337:2347 CONCLUSIONS 2337:2347 CONCLUSIONS Sole and pairwise activation of TLRs modifies the pattern and extent of inflammation and neurodegeneration in the CNS, thereby enabling innate immunity to take account of the CNS diseases' diversity. 25239168 11 97 theme response 1631:1638 arg1 pattern 1640:1646 the inflammatory response pattern 1614:1646 the inflammatory response pattern generated by microglia 1614:1669 Accordingly, the composition of the inflammatory response pattern generated by microglia varies depending on the identity and combination of the activated TLRs engaged. 25239168 1 98 link host-derived 201:212 arg1 molecules 214:222 host-derived molecules 201:222 host-derived molecules 201:222 BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) enable innate immune cells to respond to pathogen- and host-derived molecules. 25239168 14 99 theme respective 2277:2286 arg1 TLR 2298:2300 the respective activated TLR and TLR combinations 2273:2321 TLR 2298:2300 Also, the intensity of the inflammatory response and neurodegenerative effects differs according to the respective activated TLR and TLR combinations used in vivo. 25239168 13 100 theme distinct 2031:2038 arg1 mRNAs 2044:2048 distinct TLR mRNAs 2031:2048 distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain 2031:2061 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 4 101 theme activation 607:616 arg1 impact 575:580 the impact 571:580 the impact of sole and pairwise TLR activation on CNS inflammation and injury 571:647 We therefore systematically investigated and compared the impact of sole and pairwise TLR activation on CNS inflammation and injury. 25239168 9 102 theme TLR4 1117:1120 arg1 stimulation 1102:1112 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation 1081:1112 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands 1081:1216 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands results in an increased inflammatory response compared to activation of the respective single TLR in vitro. 25239168 13 103 theme mRNAs 2044:2048 arg1 patterns 2019:2026 specific expression patterns 1999:2026 specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain 1999:2061 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 9 104 theme TLR2 1127:1130 arg1 stimulation 1102:1112 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation 1081:1112 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands 1081:1216 RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation of TLR4 plus TLR2, TLR4 plus TLR9, and TLR2 plus TLR9 in microglia by their respective specific ligands results in an increased inflammatory response compared to activation of the respective single TLR in vitro. 25239168 13 105 theme inflammatory 2099:2110 arg1 mediators 2112:2120 inflammatory mediators 2099:2120 inflammatory mediators 2099:2120 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 0 106 theme single 14:19 arg1 activation 53:62 single and pairwise Toll-like receptor activation 14:62 single and pairwise Toll-like receptor activation 14:62 The impact of single and pairwise Toll-like receptor activation on neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. 25239168 1 107 theme BACKGROUND 108:117 arg1 TLRs 140:143 TLRs 140:143 TLRs 140:143 BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) enable innate immune cells to respond to pathogen- and host-derived molecules. 25239168 1 107 theme BACKGROUND 108:117 arg1 receptors 129:137 BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors 108:137 BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 108:144 BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) enable innate immune cells to respond to pathogen- and host-derived molecules. 25239168 11 108 theme pattern 1640:1646 arg1 composition 1599:1609 the composition 1595:1609 the composition of the inflammatory response pattern generated by microglia 1595:1669 Accordingly, the composition of the inflammatory response pattern generated by microglia varies depending on the identity and combination of the activated TLRs engaged. 25239168 14 109 theme neurodegenerative 2226:2242 arg1 effects 2244:2250 neurodegenerative effects 2226:2250 neurodegenerative effects 2226:2250 Also, the intensity of the inflammatory response and neurodegenerative effects differs according to the respective activated TLR and TLR combinations used in vivo. 25239168 0 110 theme pairwise 25:32 arg1 activation 53:62 single and pairwise Toll-like receptor activation 14:62 single and pairwise Toll-like receptor activation 14:62 The impact of single and pairwise Toll-like receptor activation on neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. 25239168 0 111 theme receptor 44:51 arg1 activation 53:62 single and pairwise Toll-like receptor activation 14:62 single and pairwise Toll-like receptor activation 14:62 The impact of single and pairwise Toll-like receptor activation on neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. 25239168 12 112 theme TLRs 1827:1830 arg1 activation 1799:1808 activation 1799:1808 activation of only selected TLRs and TLR combinations in vitro 1799:1860 Likewise, neuronal injury occurs in response to activation of only selected TLRs and TLR combinations in vitro. 25239168 13 113 theme expression 2008:2017 arg1 patterns 2019:2026 specific expression patterns 1999:2026 specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain 1999:2061 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 3 114 theme activated 476:484 arg1 TLRs 486:489 multiple activated TLRs 467:489 multiple activated TLRs 467:489 Although individual TLRs have been shown to contribute to CNS disorders, the consequences of multiple activated TLRs on the brain are unclear. 25239168 11 115 dep identity 1695:1702 arg1 the 1691:1693 the 1691:1693 the 1691:1693 Accordingly, the composition of the inflammatory response pattern generated by microglia varies depending on the identity and combination of the activated TLRs engaged. 25239168 12 116 theme TLR 1836:1838 arg1 combinations 1840:1851 TLR combinations 1836:1851 TLR combinations 1836:1851 Likewise, neuronal injury occurs in response to activation of only selected TLRs and TLR combinations in vitro. 25239168 10 117 theme specific 1493:1500 arg1 combinations 1502:1513 specific combinations 1493:1513 specific combinations of activated TLRs 1493:1531 In contrast, additional activation of TLR7 suppresses the inflammatory response mediated by the respective ligands for TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9 up to 24 h, indicating that specific combinations of activated TLRs individually modulate the inflammatory response. 25239168 11 118 theme activated 1727:1735 arg1 TLRs 1737:1740 the activated TLRs 1723:1740 the activated TLRs engaged 1723:1748 Accordingly, the composition of the inflammatory response pattern generated by microglia varies depending on the identity and combination of the activated TLRs engaged. 25239168 10 119 theme inflammatory 1384:1395 arg1 response 1397:1404 the inflammatory response 1380:1404 the inflammatory response mediated by the respective ligands for TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9 up to 24 h 1380:1474 In contrast, additional activation of TLR7 suppresses the inflammatory response mediated by the respective ligands for TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9 up to 24 h, indicating that specific combinations of activated TLRs individually modulate the inflammatory response. 25239168 13 120 theme variable 2156:2163 arg1 extent 2165:2170 a variable extent 2154:2170 a variable extent 2154:2170 Activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in the brain by intrathecal injection of the respective TLR ligand into C57BL/6J mice leads to specific expression patterns of distinct TLR mRNAs in the brain and causes influx of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators into the cerebrospinal fluid to a variable extent. 25239168 4 121 theme TLR 603:605 arg1 activation 607:616 sole and pairwise TLR activation 585:616 sole and pairwise TLR activation 585:616 We therefore systematically investigated and compared the impact of sole and pairwise TLR activation on CNS inflammation and injury. 25239168 14 122 theme inflammatory 2200:2211 arg1 response 2213:2220 the inflammatory response 2196:2220 the inflammatory response 2196:2220 Also, the intensity of the inflammatory response and neurodegenerative effects differs according to the respective activated TLR and TLR combinations used in vivo. 28752563 0 0 theme DSS 109:111 arg1 colitis 119:125 DSS mouse colitis 109:125 DSS mouse colitis 109:125 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in DSS mouse colitis: impact on microRNAs expression and microbiota composition. 28752563 7 1 theme cytokine 1251:1258 arg1 balance 1260:1266 the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance 1239:1266 the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance 1239:1266 Moreover, L. fermentum also restored the Treg cell population in MLNs and the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. 28752563 1 2 theme microbiota 382:391 arg1 composition 393:403 microbiota composition 382:403 microbiota composition 382:403 SCOPE To compare the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of two probiotics Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in mouse colitis, focusing on their impact on selected miRNAs and microbiota composition. 28752563 9 3 theme greater 1495:1501 arg1 effect 1514:1519 a greater beneficial effect 1493:1519 a greater beneficial effect 1493:1519 L. fermentum showed a greater beneficial effect compared to L. salivarius, which makes it more interesting for future studies. 28752563 4 4 theme immune 710:715 arg1 response 717:724 the immune response 706:724 the immune response 706:724 They improved the colonic expression of markers involved in the immune response, and the expression of miR-155 and miR-223. 28752563 6 5 theme beneficial 912:921 arg1 effects 923:929 these beneficial effects 906:929 these beneficial effects 906:929 Besides, these beneficial effects were associated with the amelioration of the microbiota dysbiosis and a recovery of the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations, although only L. fermentum improved Chao richness, Pielou evenness and Shannon diversity. 28752563 2 6 dep non-colitic 493:503 arg1 colitic 510:516 colitic 510:516 colitic 510:516 METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10): non-colitic, DSS colitic and two colitic groups treated with probiotics (5 × 108 CFU/mouse/day). 28752563 7 7 from balance 1260:1266 arg1 MLNs 1230:1233 MLNs 1230:1233 MLNs 1230:1233 Moreover, L. fermentum also restored the Treg cell population in MLNs and the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. 28752563 2 8 dep METHODS 406:412 arg1 assigned 459:466 assigned 459:466 were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10): non-colitic, DSS colitic and two colitic groups treated with probiotics (5 × 108 CFU/mouse/day) 445:587 METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10): non-colitic, DSS colitic and two colitic groups treated with probiotics (5 × 108 CFU/mouse/day). 28752563 8 9 theme intestinal 1405:1414 arg1 homeostasis 1427:1437 the intestinal microbiota homeostasis 1401:1437 the intestinal microbiota homeostasis 1401:1437 CONCLUSION Both probiotics exerted intestinal anti-inflammatory effects in DSS-mouse colitis, maybe due to their ability to restore the intestinal microbiota homeostasis and modulate the immune response. 28752563 0 10 theme mouse 113:117 arg1 colitis 119:125 DSS mouse colitis 109:125 DSS mouse colitis 109:125 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in DSS mouse colitis: impact on microRNAs expression and microbiota composition. 28752563 1 11 from impact 352:357 arg1 miRNAs 371:376 selected miRNAs 362:376 selected miRNAs 362:376 SCOPE To compare the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of two probiotics Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in mouse colitis, focusing on their impact on selected miRNAs and microbiota composition. 28752563 1 11 from impact 352:357 arg1 composition 393:403 microbiota composition 382:403 microbiota composition 382:403 SCOPE To compare the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of two probiotics Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in mouse colitis, focusing on their impact on selected miRNAs and microbiota composition. 28752563 9 12 theme future 1584:1589 arg1 studies 1591:1597 future studies 1584:1597 future studies 1584:1597 L. fermentum showed a greater beneficial effect compared to L. salivarius, which makes it more interesting for future studies. 28752563 1 13 theme mouse 319:323 arg1 colitis 325:331 mouse colitis 319:331 mouse colitis 319:331 SCOPE To compare the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of two probiotics Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in mouse colitis, focusing on their impact on selected miRNAs and microbiota composition. 28752563 2 14 theme colitic 526:532 arg1 groups 534:539 two colitic groups 522:539 two colitic groups treated with probiotics (5 × 108 CFU/mouse/day) 522:587 METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10): non-colitic, DSS colitic and two colitic groups treated with probiotics (5 × 108 CFU/mouse/day). 28752563 8 15 theme anti-inflammatory 1315:1331 arg1 effects 1333:1339 intestinal anti-inflammatory effects 1304:1339 intestinal anti-inflammatory effects 1304:1339 CONCLUSION Both probiotics exerted intestinal anti-inflammatory effects in DSS-mouse colitis, maybe due to their ability to restore the intestinal microbiota homeostasis and modulate the immune response. 28752563 8 16 dep CONCLUSION 1269:1278 arg1 exerted 1296:1302 exerted 1296:1302 exerted 1296:1302 CONCLUSION Both probiotics exerted intestinal anti-inflammatory effects in DSS-mouse colitis, maybe due to their ability to restore the intestinal microbiota homeostasis and modulate the immune response. 28752563 5 17 theme barrier 879:885 arg1 function 887:894 the intestinal barrier function 864:894 the intestinal barrier function 864:894 L. fermentum also restored miR-150 and miR-143 expression, also linked to the preservation of the intestinal barrier function. 28752563 7 18 theme cell 1211:1214 arg1 population 1216:1225 the Treg cell population 1202:1225 the Treg cell population in MLNs 1202:1233 Moreover, L. fermentum also restored the Treg cell population in MLNs and the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. 28752563 5 19 theme intestinal 868:877 arg1 function 887:894 the intestinal barrier function 864:894 the intestinal barrier function 864:894 L. fermentum also restored miR-150 and miR-143 expression, also linked to the preservation of the intestinal barrier function. 28752563 0 20 theme intestinal 13:22 arg1 effects 42:48 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects 0:48 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in DSS mouse colitis: impact on microRNAs expression and microbiota composition. 0:185 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in DSS mouse colitis: impact on microRNAs expression and microbiota composition. 28752563 8 21 theme immune 1456:1461 arg1 response 1463:1470 the immune response 1452:1470 the immune response 1452:1470 CONCLUSION Both probiotics exerted intestinal anti-inflammatory effects in DSS-mouse colitis, maybe due to their ability to restore the intestinal microbiota homeostasis and modulate the immune response. 28752563 4 22 theme miR-155 749:755 arg1 expression 672:681 the colonic expression 660:681 the colonic expression of markers involved in the immune response 660:724 They improved the colonic expression of markers involved in the immune response, and the expression of miR-155 and miR-223. 28752563 4 22 theme miR-155 749:755 arg1 expression 735:744 the expression 731:744 the expression of miR-155 and miR-223 731:767 They improved the colonic expression of markers involved in the immune response, and the expression of miR-155 and miR-223. 28752563 2 23 theme C57BL/6J 431:438 arg1 mice 440:443 Male C57BL/6J mice 426:443 Male C57BL/6J mice 426:443 METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10): non-colitic, DSS colitic and two colitic groups treated with probiotics (5 × 108 CFU/mouse/day). 28752563 0 24 theme Differential 0:11 arg1 effects 42:48 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects 0:48 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in DSS mouse colitis: impact on microRNAs expression and microbiota composition. 0:185 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in DSS mouse colitis: impact on microRNAs expression and microbiota composition. 28752563 1 25 theme intestinal 208:217 arg1 effects 237:243 the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects 204:243 the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of two probiotics 204:261 SCOPE To compare the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of two probiotics Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in mouse colitis, focusing on their impact on selected miRNAs and microbiota composition. 28752563 6 26 theme dysbiosis 987:995 arg1 amelioration 956:967 the amelioration 952:967 the amelioration of the microbiota dysbiosis 952:995 Besides, these beneficial effects were associated with the amelioration of the microbiota dysbiosis and a recovery of the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations, although only L. fermentum improved Chao richness, Pielou evenness and Shannon diversity. 28752563 6 26 theme dysbiosis 987:995 arg1 recovery 1003:1010 a recovery 1001:1010 a recovery of the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations 1001:1072 Besides, these beneficial effects were associated with the amelioration of the microbiota dysbiosis and a recovery of the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations, although only L. fermentum improved Chao richness, Pielou evenness and Shannon diversity. 28752563 0 27 theme microRNAs 138:146 arg1 expression 148:157 microRNAs expression 138:157 microRNAs expression 138:157 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in DSS mouse colitis: impact on microRNAs expression and microbiota composition. 28752563 4 28 theme miR-223 761:767 arg1 expression 672:681 the colonic expression 660:681 the colonic expression of markers involved in the immune response 660:724 They improved the colonic expression of markers involved in the immune response, and the expression of miR-155 and miR-223. 28752563 4 28 theme miR-223 761:767 arg1 expression 735:744 the expression 731:744 the expression of miR-155 and miR-223 731:767 They improved the colonic expression of markers involved in the immune response, and the expression of miR-155 and miR-223. 28752563 1 29 theme anti-inflammatory 219:235 arg1 effects 237:243 the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects 204:243 the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of two probiotics 204:261 SCOPE To compare the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of two probiotics Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in mouse colitis, focusing on their impact on selected miRNAs and microbiota composition. 28752563 0 30 theme anti-inflammatory 24:40 arg1 effects 42:48 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects 0:48 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in DSS mouse colitis: impact on microRNAs expression and microbiota composition. 0:185 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in DSS mouse colitis: impact on microRNAs expression and microbiota composition. 28752563 6 31 theme microbiota 976:985 arg1 dysbiosis 987:995 the microbiota dysbiosis 972:995 the microbiota dysbiosis 972:995 Besides, these beneficial effects were associated with the amelioration of the microbiota dysbiosis and a recovery of the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations, although only L. fermentum improved Chao richness, Pielou evenness and Shannon diversity. 28752563 9 32 dep L. 1533:1534 arg1 salivarius 1536:1545 L. salivarius, which makes it more interesting for future studies 1533:1597 salivarius 1536:1545 L. fermentum showed a greater beneficial effect compared to L. salivarius, which makes it more interesting for future studies. 28752563 9 32 dep L. 1533:1534 arg1 makes 1554:1558 makes 1554:1558 makes it more interesting for future studies 1554:1597 L. fermentum showed a greater beneficial effect compared to L. salivarius, which makes it more interesting for future studies. 28752563 6 33 theme Chao 1111:1114 arg1 richness 1116:1123 Chao richness 1111:1123 Chao richness 1111:1123 Besides, these beneficial effects were associated with the amelioration of the microbiota dysbiosis and a recovery of the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations, although only L. fermentum improved Chao richness, Pielou evenness and Shannon diversity. 28752563 2 34 theme non-colitic 493:503 arg1 n 484:484 n = 10 484:489 n = 10 484:489 METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10): non-colitic, DSS colitic and two colitic groups treated with probiotics (5 × 108 CFU/mouse/day). 28752563 2 34 theme non-colitic 493:503 arg1 groups 476:481 four groups 471:481 four groups (n = 10) 471:490 METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10): non-colitic, DSS colitic and two colitic groups treated with probiotics (5 × 108 CFU/mouse/day). 28752563 6 35 theme Shannon 1146:1152 arg1 diversity 1154:1162 Shannon diversity 1146:1162 Shannon diversity 1146:1162 Besides, these beneficial effects were associated with the amelioration of the microbiota dysbiosis and a recovery of the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations, although only L. fermentum improved Chao richness, Pielou evenness and Shannon diversity. 28752563 7 36 theme Treg 1206:1209 arg1 population 1216:1225 the Treg cell population 1202:1225 the Treg cell population in MLNs 1202:1233 Moreover, L. fermentum also restored the Treg cell population in MLNs and the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. 28752563 6 37 theme populations 1062:1072 arg1 amelioration 956:967 the amelioration 952:967 the amelioration of the microbiota dysbiosis 952:995 Besides, these beneficial effects were associated with the amelioration of the microbiota dysbiosis and a recovery of the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations, although only L. fermentum improved Chao richness, Pielou evenness and Shannon diversity. 28752563 6 37 theme populations 1062:1072 arg1 recovery 1003:1010 a recovery 1001:1010 a recovery of the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations 1001:1072 Besides, these beneficial effects were associated with the amelioration of the microbiota dysbiosis and a recovery of the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations, although only L. fermentum improved Chao richness, Pielou evenness and Shannon diversity. 28752563 2 38 theme Male 426:429 arg1 mice 440:443 Male C57BL/6J mice 426:443 Male C57BL/6J mice 426:443 METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10): non-colitic, DSS colitic and two colitic groups treated with probiotics (5 × 108 CFU/mouse/day). 28752563 4 39 theme colonic 664:670 arg1 expression 672:681 the colonic expression 660:681 the colonic expression of markers involved in the immune response 660:724 They improved the colonic expression of markers involved in the immune response, and the expression of miR-155 and miR-223. 28752563 6 40 theme acid-producing 1037:1050 arg1 populations 1062:1072 the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations 1015:1072 the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations 1015:1072 Besides, these beneficial effects were associated with the amelioration of the microbiota dysbiosis and a recovery of the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations, although only L. fermentum improved Chao richness, Pielou evenness and Shannon diversity. 28752563 7 41 from population 1216:1225 arg1 MLNs 1230:1233 MLNs 1230:1233 MLNs 1230:1233 Moreover, L. fermentum also restored the Treg cell population in MLNs and the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. 28752563 6 42 theme L. 1089:1090 arg1 fermentum 1092:1100 only L. fermentum 1084:1100 only L. fermentum 1084:1100 Besides, these beneficial effects were associated with the amelioration of the microbiota dysbiosis and a recovery of the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations, although only L. fermentum improved Chao richness, Pielou evenness and Shannon diversity. 28752563 7 43 theme Th1/Th2 1243:1249 arg1 balance 1260:1266 the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance 1239:1266 the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance 1239:1266 Moreover, L. fermentum also restored the Treg cell population in MLNs and the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. 28752563 0 44 theme fermentum 67:75 arg1 effects 42:48 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects 0:48 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in DSS mouse colitis: impact on microRNAs expression and microbiota composition. 0:185 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in DSS mouse colitis: impact on microRNAs expression and microbiota composition. 28752563 0 45 theme microbiota 163:172 arg1 composition 174:184 microbiota composition 163:184 microbiota composition 163:184 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in DSS mouse colitis: impact on microRNAs expression and microbiota composition. 28752563 0 46 from impact 128:133 arg1 expression 148:157 microRNAs expression 138:157 microRNAs expression 138:157 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in DSS mouse colitis: impact on microRNAs expression and microbiota composition. 28752563 0 46 from impact 128:133 arg1 composition 174:184 microbiota composition 163:184 microbiota composition 163:184 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in DSS mouse colitis: impact on microRNAs expression and microbiota composition. 28752563 4 47 theme markers 686:692 arg1 expression 672:681 the colonic expression 660:681 the colonic expression of markers involved in the immune response 660:724 They improved the colonic expression of markers involved in the immune response, and the expression of miR-155 and miR-223. 28752563 4 47 theme markers 686:692 arg1 expression 735:744 the expression 731:744 the expression of miR-155 and miR-223 731:767 They improved the colonic expression of markers involved in the immune response, and the expression of miR-155 and miR-223. 28752563 1 48 theme selected 362:369 arg1 miRNAs 371:376 selected miRNAs 362:376 selected miRNAs 362:376 SCOPE To compare the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of two probiotics Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in mouse colitis, focusing on their impact on selected miRNAs and microbiota composition. 28752563 8 49 theme intestinal 1304:1313 arg1 effects 1333:1339 intestinal anti-inflammatory effects 1304:1339 intestinal anti-inflammatory effects 1304:1339 CONCLUSION Both probiotics exerted intestinal anti-inflammatory effects in DSS-mouse colitis, maybe due to their ability to restore the intestinal microbiota homeostasis and modulate the immune response. 28752563 0 50 dep effects 42:48 arg1 impact 128:133 impact 128:133 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in DSS mouse colitis: impact on microRNAs expression and microbiota composition. 0:185 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in DSS mouse colitis: impact on microRNAs expression and microbiota composition. 28752563 8 51 theme DSS-mouse 1344:1352 arg1 colitis 1354:1360 DSS-mouse colitis 1344:1360 DSS-mouse colitis 1344:1360 CONCLUSION Both probiotics exerted intestinal anti-inflammatory effects in DSS-mouse colitis, maybe due to their ability to restore the intestinal microbiota homeostasis and modulate the immune response. 28752563 5 52 theme function 887:894 arg1 preservation 848:859 the preservation 844:859 the preservation of the intestinal barrier function 844:894 L. fermentum also restored miR-150 and miR-143 expression, also linked to the preservation of the intestinal barrier function. 28752563 1 53 theme probiotics 252:261 arg1 effects 237:243 the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects 204:243 the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of two probiotics 204:261 SCOPE To compare the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of two probiotics Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in mouse colitis, focusing on their impact on selected miRNAs and microbiota composition. 28752563 2 54 theme × 568:568 arg1 CFU/mouse/day 574:586 5 × 108 CFU/mouse/day 566:586 5 × 108 CFU/mouse/day 566:586 METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10): non-colitic, DSS colitic and two colitic groups treated with probiotics (5 × 108 CFU/mouse/day). 28752563 2 54 theme × 568:568 arg1 probiotics 554:563 probiotics 554:563 probiotics (5 × 108 CFU/mouse/day) 554:587 METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10): non-colitic, DSS colitic and two colitic groups treated with probiotics (5 × 108 CFU/mouse/day). 28752563 6 55 theme only 1084:1087 arg1 fermentum 1092:1100 only L. fermentum 1084:1100 only L. fermentum 1084:1100 Besides, these beneficial effects were associated with the amelioration of the microbiota dysbiosis and a recovery of the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations, although only L. fermentum improved Chao richness, Pielou evenness and Shannon diversity. 28752563 6 56 theme lactic 1030:1035 arg1 populations 1062:1072 the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations 1015:1072 the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations 1015:1072 Besides, these beneficial effects were associated with the amelioration of the microbiota dysbiosis and a recovery of the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations, although only L. fermentum improved Chao richness, Pielou evenness and Shannon diversity. 28752563 0 57 theme salivarius 95:104 arg1 effects 42:48 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects 0:48 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in DSS mouse colitis: impact on microRNAs expression and microbiota composition. 0:185 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in DSS mouse colitis: impact on microRNAs expression and microbiota composition. 28752563 6 58 theme bacterial 1052:1060 arg1 populations 1062:1072 the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations 1015:1072 the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations 1015:1072 Besides, these beneficial effects were associated with the amelioration of the microbiota dysbiosis and a recovery of the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations, although only L. fermentum improved Chao richness, Pielou evenness and Shannon diversity. 28752563 3 59 theme macroscopic 618:628 arg1 damage 638:643 macroscopic colonic damage 618:643 macroscopic colonic damage 618:643 Both probiotics ameliorated macroscopic colonic damage. 28752563 9 60 theme beneficial 1503:1512 arg1 effect 1514:1519 a greater beneficial effect 1493:1519 a greater beneficial effect 1493:1519 L. fermentum showed a greater beneficial effect compared to L. salivarius, which makes it more interesting for future studies. 28752563 8 61 theme microbiota 1416:1425 arg1 homeostasis 1427:1437 the intestinal microbiota homeostasis 1401:1437 the intestinal microbiota homeostasis 1401:1437 CONCLUSION Both probiotics exerted intestinal anti-inflammatory effects in DSS-mouse colitis, maybe due to their ability to restore the intestinal microbiota homeostasis and modulate the immune response. 28752563 5 62 theme L. 770:771 arg1 fermentum 773:781 L. fermentum 770:781 L. fermentum 770:781 L. fermentum also restored miR-150 and miR-143 expression, also linked to the preservation of the intestinal barrier function. 28752563 0 63 from effects 42:48 arg1 colitis 119:125 DSS mouse colitis 109:125 DSS mouse colitis 109:125 Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in DSS mouse colitis: impact on microRNAs expression and microbiota composition. 28752563 3 64 theme colonic 630:636 arg1 damage 638:643 macroscopic colonic damage 618:643 macroscopic colonic damage 618:643 Both probiotics ameliorated macroscopic colonic damage. 28752563 2 65 theme = 486:486 arg1 n 484:484 n = 10 484:489 n = 10 484:489 METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10): non-colitic, DSS colitic and two colitic groups treated with probiotics (5 × 108 CFU/mouse/day). 28752563 2 65 theme = 486:486 arg1 groups 476:481 four groups 471:481 four groups (n = 10) 471:490 METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10): non-colitic, DSS colitic and two colitic groups treated with probiotics (5 × 108 CFU/mouse/day). 28752563 6 66 theme SCFAs- 1019:1024 arg1 populations 1062:1072 the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations 1015:1072 the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations 1015:1072 Besides, these beneficial effects were associated with the amelioration of the microbiota dysbiosis and a recovery of the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations, although only L. fermentum improved Chao richness, Pielou evenness and Shannon diversity. 25402951 3 0 dep oligosaccharides 367:382 arg1 P-1 385:387 P-1 385:387 P-1 385:387 These O-linked oligosaccharides (P-1 and P-2) were composed of glucose, galactose, fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc). 25402951 3 0 dep oligosaccharides 367:382 arg1 oligosaccharides 367:382 These O-linked oligosaccharides 352:382 These O-linked oligosaccharides (P-1 and P-2) 352:396 These O-linked oligosaccharides (P-1 and P-2) were composed of glucose, galactose, fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc). 25402951 3 0 dep oligosaccharides 367:382 arg1 P-2 393:395 P-2 393:395 P-2 393:395 These O-linked oligosaccharides (P-1 and P-2) were composed of glucose, galactose, fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc). 25402951 0 1 theme cell 72:75 arg1 membranes 77:85 carp red blood cell membranes 57:85 carp red blood cell membranes 57:85 Structure of a sialo-oligosaccharide from glycophorin in carp red blood cell membranes. 25402951 2 2 dep components 296:305 arg1 components 296:305 two components 292:305 two components (P-1 and P-2) using a Glyco-Pak DEAE column 292:349 The oligosaccharide fraction was separated into two components (P-1 and P-2) using a Glyco-Pak DEAE column. 25402951 2 2 dep components 296:305 arg1 P-2 316:318 P-2 316:318 P-2 316:318 The oligosaccharide fraction was separated into two components (P-1 and P-2) using a Glyco-Pak DEAE column. 25402951 2 2 dep components 296:305 arg1 P-1 308:310 P-1 308:310 P-1 308:310 The oligosaccharide fraction was separated into two components (P-1 and P-2) using a Glyco-Pak DEAE column. 25402951 0 3 from Structure 0:8 arg1 glycophorin 42:52 glycophorin 42:52 glycophorin 42:52 Structure of a sialo-oligosaccharide from glycophorin in carp red blood cell membranes. 25402951 0 3 from Structure 0:8 arg1 membranes 77:85 carp red blood cell membranes 57:85 carp red blood cell membranes 57:85 Structure of a sialo-oligosaccharide from glycophorin in carp red blood cell membranes. 25402951 6 4 theme O-linked 760:767 arg1 oligosaccharide 769:783 This O-linked oligosaccharide 755:783 This O-linked oligosaccharide 755:783 This O-linked oligosaccharide was unique for a vertebrate with respect to the hexosamine and hexose linkages and its non-chain structure. 25402951 3 5 theme O-linked 358:365 arg1 P-1 385:387 P-1 385:387 P-1 385:387 These O-linked oligosaccharides (P-1 and P-2) were composed of glucose, galactose, fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc). 25402951 3 5 theme O-linked 358:365 arg1 oligosaccharides 367:382 These O-linked oligosaccharides 352:382 These O-linked oligosaccharides (P-1 and P-2) 352:396 These O-linked oligosaccharides (P-1 and P-2) were composed of glucose, galactose, fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc). 25402951 3 5 theme O-linked 358:365 arg1 P-2 393:395 P-2 393:395 P-2 393:395 These O-linked oligosaccharides (P-1 and P-2) were composed of glucose, galactose, fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc). 25402951 6 6 theme hexose 848:853 arg1 linkages 855:862 the hexosamine and hexose linkages 829:862 linkages 855:862 This O-linked oligosaccharide was unique for a vertebrate with respect to the hexosamine and hexose linkages and its non-chain structure. 25402951 4 7 contain contained 520:528 arg1 P-2 516:518 P-2 516:518 P-2 516:518 The P-1 and P-2 contained one and two NeuGc residues, respectively, and the P-1 exhibited bacteriostatic activity [1]. 25402951 4 7 contain contained 520:528 arg2 residues 548:555 one and two NeuGc residues 530:555 one and two NeuGc residues 530:555 The P-1 and P-2 contained one and two NeuGc residues, respectively, and the P-1 exhibited bacteriostatic activity [1]. 25402951 4 7 contain contained 520:528 arg1 P-1 508:510 P-1 508:510 P-1 508:510 The P-1 and P-2 contained one and two NeuGc residues, respectively, and the P-1 exhibited bacteriostatic activity [1]. 25402951 5 8 theme P-1 699:701 arg1 Galβ1→4GalNAc-ol 737:752 NeuGcα2→6 (Fucα1→4) (Glcα1→3) Galβ1→4GalNAc-ol 707:752 NeuGcα2→6 (Fucα1→4) (Glcα1→3) Galβ1→4GalNAc-ol 707:752 Using NMR and GC-MS, we determined that the structure of the bacteriostatic P-1 was NeuGcα2→6 (Fucα1→4) (Glcα1→3) Galβ1→4GalNAc-ol. 25402951 5 8 theme P-1 699:701 arg1 structure 667:675 the structure 663:675 the structure of the bacteriostatic P-1 663:701 Using NMR and GC-MS, we determined that the structure of the bacteriostatic P-1 was NeuGcα2→6 (Fucα1→4) (Glcα1→3) Galβ1→4GalNAc-ol. 25402951 1 9 theme high-purity 102:112 arg1 glycophorin 119:129 a high-purity carp glycophorin 100:129 a high-purity carp glycophorin 100:129 We isolated a high-purity carp glycophorin from carp erythrocyte membranes and prepared the oligosaccharide fraction from glycophorin by β-elimination [1]. 25402951 0 10 from glycophorin 42:52 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure of a sialo-oligosaccharide from glycophorin in carp red blood cell membranes. 0:86 Structure of a sialo-oligosaccharide from glycophorin in carp red blood cell membranes. 25402951 0 10 from glycophorin 42:52 arg1 sialo-oligosaccharide 15:35 a sialo-oligosaccharide 13:35 a sialo-oligosaccharide from glycophorin 13:52 Structure of a sialo-oligosaccharide from glycophorin in carp red blood cell membranes. 25402951 3 11 link O-linked 358:365 arg1 P-1 385:387 P-1 385:387 P-1 385:387 These O-linked oligosaccharides (P-1 and P-2) were composed of glucose, galactose, fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc). 25402951 3 11 link O-linked 358:365 arg1 oligosaccharides 367:382 These O-linked oligosaccharides 352:382 These O-linked oligosaccharides (P-1 and P-2) 352:396 These O-linked oligosaccharides (P-1 and P-2) were composed of glucose, galactose, fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc). 25402951 3 11 link O-linked 358:365 arg1 P-2 393:395 P-2 393:395 P-2 393:395 These O-linked oligosaccharides (P-1 and P-2) were composed of glucose, galactose, fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc). 25402951 6 12 link O-linked 760:767 arg1 oligosaccharide 769:783 This O-linked oligosaccharide 755:783 This O-linked oligosaccharide 755:783 This O-linked oligosaccharide was unique for a vertebrate with respect to the hexosamine and hexose linkages and its non-chain structure. 25402951 5 13 theme NeuGcα2→6 707:715 arg1 Galβ1→4GalNAc-ol 737:752 NeuGcα2→6 (Fucα1→4) (Glcα1→3) Galβ1→4GalNAc-ol 707:752 NeuGcα2→6 (Fucα1→4) (Glcα1→3) Galβ1→4GalNAc-ol 707:752 Using NMR and GC-MS, we determined that the structure of the bacteriostatic P-1 was NeuGcα2→6 (Fucα1→4) (Glcα1→3) Galβ1→4GalNAc-ol. 25402951 5 13 theme NeuGcα2→6 707:715 arg1 structure 667:675 the structure 663:675 the structure of the bacteriostatic P-1 663:701 Using NMR and GC-MS, we determined that the structure of the bacteriostatic P-1 was NeuGcα2→6 (Fucα1→4) (Glcα1→3) Galβ1→4GalNAc-ol. 25402951 1 14 theme oligosaccharide 180:194 arg1 fraction 196:203 the oligosaccharide fraction 176:203 the oligosaccharide fraction from glycophorin 176:220 We isolated a high-purity carp glycophorin from carp erythrocyte membranes and prepared the oligosaccharide fraction from glycophorin by β-elimination [1]. 25402951 0 15 theme sialo-oligosaccharide 15:35 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure of a sialo-oligosaccharide from glycophorin in carp red blood cell membranes. 0:86 Structure of a sialo-oligosaccharide from glycophorin in carp red blood cell membranes. 25402951 4 16 theme activity 609:616 arg1 [1 618:619 bacteriostatic activity [1 594:619 bacteriostatic activity [1 594:619 The P-1 and P-2 contained one and two NeuGc residues, respectively, and the P-1 exhibited bacteriostatic activity [1]. 25402951 4 17 theme NeuGc 542:546 arg1 residues 548:555 one and two NeuGc residues 530:555 one and two NeuGc residues 530:555 The P-1 and P-2 contained one and two NeuGc residues, respectively, and the P-1 exhibited bacteriostatic activity [1]. 25402951 4 18 theme bacteriostatic 594:607 arg1 [1 618:619 bacteriostatic activity [1 594:619 bacteriostatic activity [1 594:619 The P-1 and P-2 contained one and two NeuGc residues, respectively, and the P-1 exhibited bacteriostatic activity [1]. 25402951 2 19 theme Glyco-Pak 329:337 arg1 column 344:349 a Glyco-Pak DEAE column 327:349 a Glyco-Pak DEAE column 327:349 The oligosaccharide fraction was separated into two components (P-1 and P-2) using a Glyco-Pak DEAE column. 25402951 1 20 theme β-elimination 225:237 arg1 [1 239:240 β-elimination [1] 225:241 β-elimination [1] 225:241 We isolated a high-purity carp glycophorin from carp erythrocyte membranes and prepared the oligosaccharide fraction from glycophorin by β-elimination [1]. 25402951 0 21 theme carp 57:60 arg1 membranes 77:85 carp red blood cell membranes 57:85 carp red blood cell membranes 57:85 Structure of a sialo-oligosaccharide from glycophorin in carp red blood cell membranes. 25402951 6 22 theme hexosamine 833:842 arg1 linkages 855:862 the hexosamine and hexose linkages 829:862 linkages 855:862 This O-linked oligosaccharide was unique for a vertebrate with respect to the hexosamine and hexose linkages and its non-chain structure. 25402951 2 23 theme DEAE 339:342 arg1 column 344:349 a Glyco-Pak DEAE column 327:349 a Glyco-Pak DEAE column 327:349 The oligosaccharide fraction was separated into two components (P-1 and P-2) using a Glyco-Pak DEAE column. 25402951 1 24 theme carp 114:117 arg1 glycophorin 119:129 a high-purity carp glycophorin 100:129 a high-purity carp glycophorin 100:129 We isolated a high-purity carp glycophorin from carp erythrocyte membranes and prepared the oligosaccharide fraction from glycophorin by β-elimination [1]. 25402951 1 25 from glycophorin 210:220 arg1 fraction 196:203 the oligosaccharide fraction 176:203 the oligosaccharide fraction from glycophorin 176:220 We isolated a high-purity carp glycophorin from carp erythrocyte membranes and prepared the oligosaccharide fraction from glycophorin by β-elimination [1]. 25402951 3 26 theme N-glycolylneuraminic 469:488 arg1 acid 490:493 N-glycolylneuraminic acid 469:493 N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) 469:501 These O-linked oligosaccharides (P-1 and P-2) were composed of glucose, galactose, fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc). 25402951 3 26 theme N-glycolylneuraminic 469:488 arg1 NeuGc 496:500 NeuGc 496:500 NeuGc 496:500 These O-linked oligosaccharides (P-1 and P-2) were composed of glucose, galactose, fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc). 25402951 0 27 theme blood 66:70 arg1 membranes 77:85 carp red blood cell membranes 57:85 carp red blood cell membranes 57:85 Structure of a sialo-oligosaccharide from glycophorin in carp red blood cell membranes. 25402951 1 28 theme carp 136:139 arg1 membranes 153:161 carp erythrocyte membranes 136:161 carp erythrocyte membranes 136:161 We isolated a high-purity carp glycophorin from carp erythrocyte membranes and prepared the oligosaccharide fraction from glycophorin by β-elimination [1]. 25402951 0 29 theme red 62:64 arg1 membranes 77:85 carp red blood cell membranes 57:85 carp red blood cell membranes 57:85 Structure of a sialo-oligosaccharide from glycophorin in carp red blood cell membranes. 25402951 6 30 theme non-chain 872:880 arg1 structure 882:890 its non-chain structure 868:890 its non-chain structure 868:890 This O-linked oligosaccharide was unique for a vertebrate with respect to the hexosamine and hexose linkages and its non-chain structure. 25402951 2 31 theme oligosaccharide 248:262 arg1 fraction 264:271 The oligosaccharide fraction 244:271 The oligosaccharide fraction 244:271 The oligosaccharide fraction was separated into two components (P-1 and P-2) using a Glyco-Pak DEAE column. 25402951 1 32 theme erythrocyte 141:151 arg1 membranes 153:161 carp erythrocyte membranes 136:161 carp erythrocyte membranes 136:161 We isolated a high-purity carp glycophorin from carp erythrocyte membranes and prepared the oligosaccharide fraction from glycophorin by β-elimination [1]. 25402951 5 33 theme bacteriostatic 684:697 arg1 P-1 699:701 the bacteriostatic P-1 680:701 the bacteriostatic P-1 680:701 Using NMR and GC-MS, we determined that the structure of the bacteriostatic P-1 was NeuGcα2→6 (Fucα1→4) (Glcα1→3) Galβ1→4GalNAc-ol. 28339907 5 0 theme Ogt 724:726 arg1 y/- 752:754 Podo-Ogt y/- 743:754 Podo-Ogt y/- 743:754 To abrogate O-GlcNAcylation in podocytes, we generated congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) and analyzed their renal phenotypes. 28339907 5 0 theme Ogt 724:726 arg1 y/- 772:774 TM-Podo-Ogt y/- 760:774 TM-Podo-Ogt y/- 760:774 To abrogate O-GlcNAcylation in podocytes, we generated congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) and analyzed their renal phenotypes. 28339907 5 0 theme Ogt 724:726 arg1 mice 737:740 congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice 666:740 congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) 666:790 To abrogate O-GlcNAcylation in podocytes, we generated congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) and analyzed their renal phenotypes. 28339907 9 1 theme gene 1261:1264 arg1 deletion 1241:1248 adult-onset deletion 1229:1248 adult-onset deletion of the Ogt gene 1229:1264 Next, we induced adult-onset deletion of the Ogt gene in podocytes by TM injection in 8-week-old TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 8 2 theme tubulointerstitial 1041:1058 arg1 lesions 1060:1066 proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions 1021:1066 proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions 1021:1066 Glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions and markedly altered podocyte foot processes, with decreased podocin expression, were observed histologically in 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 11 3 theme foot 1704:1707 arg1 process 1709:1715 subsequent foot process 1693:1715 subsequent foot process 1693:1715 To test this possibility, 3-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice were treated with Bis-T-23, which stimulates actin-dependent dynamin oligomerization, actin polymerization and subsequent foot process elongation in podocytes. 28339907 13 4 theme podocyte 1904:1911 arg1 processes 1918:1926 podocyte foot processes 1904:1926 podocyte foot processes 1904:1926 CONCLUSIONS O-GlcNAcylation is necessary for maturation of podocyte foot processes, particularly after birth. 28339907 6 5 theme podocyte 869:876 arg1 morphology 878:887 normal podocyte morphology 862:887 normal podocyte morphology 862:887 RESULTS Podo-Ogt y/- mice showed normal podocyte morphology at birth. 28339907 14 6 theme podocyte 1992:1999 arg1 biology 2001:2007 podocyte biology 1992:2007 podocyte biology 1992:2007 Our study provided new insights into podocyte biology and O-GlcNAcylation. 28339907 0 7 link O-linked 0:7 arg1 modification 31:42 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 0:42 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins 0:54 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is essential for foot process maturation and survival in podocytes. 28339907 13 8 theme processes 1918:1926 arg1 maturation 1890:1899 maturation 1890:1899 maturation of podocyte foot processes 1890:1926 CONCLUSIONS O-GlcNAcylation is necessary for maturation of podocyte foot processes, particularly after birth. 28339907 11 9 theme dynamin 1643:1649 arg1 oligomerization 1651:1665 actin-dependent dynamin oligomerization 1627:1665 actin-dependent dynamin oligomerization 1627:1665 To test this possibility, 3-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice were treated with Bis-T-23, which stimulates actin-dependent dynamin oligomerization, actin polymerization and subsequent foot process elongation in podocytes. 28339907 5 10 dep mice 737:740 arg1 y/- 752:754 Podo-Ogt y/- 743:754 Podo-Ogt y/- 743:754 To abrogate O-GlcNAcylation in podocytes, we generated congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) and analyzed their renal phenotypes. 28339907 5 10 dep mice 737:740 arg1 y/- 772:774 TM-Podo-Ogt y/- 760:774 TM-Podo-Ogt y/- 760:774 To abrogate O-GlcNAcylation in podocytes, we generated congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) and analyzed their renal phenotypes. 28339907 5 10 dep mice 737:740 arg1 mice 737:740 congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice 666:740 congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) 666:790 To abrogate O-GlcNAcylation in podocytes, we generated congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) and analyzed their renal phenotypes. 28339907 8 11 theme altered 1081:1087 arg1 processes 1103:1111 markedly altered podocyte foot processes 1072:1111 markedly altered podocyte foot processes 1072:1111 Glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions and markedly altered podocyte foot processes, with decreased podocin expression, were observed histologically in 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 12 12 from Albuminuria 1742:1752 arg1 mice 1802:1805 16-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1777:1805 16-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1777:1805 Albuminuria and podocyte damage in 16-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice were prevented by Bis-T-23 treatment. 28339907 5 13 theme -inducible 695:704 arg1 Ogt 724:726 tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt 681:726 tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt 681:726 To abrogate O-GlcNAcylation in podocytes, we generated congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) and analyzed their renal phenotypes. 28339907 6 14 theme y/- 846:848 arg1 mice 850:853 Podo-Ogt y/- mice 837:853 Podo-Ogt y/- mice 837:853 RESULTS Podo-Ogt y/- mice showed normal podocyte morphology at birth. 28339907 8 15 theme foot 1098:1101 arg1 processes 1103:1111 markedly altered podocyte foot processes 1072:1111 markedly altered podocyte foot processes 1072:1111 Glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions and markedly altered podocyte foot processes, with decreased podocin expression, were observed histologically in 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 9 16 theme TM-Podo-Ogt 1309:1319 arg1 mice 1325:1328 8-week-old TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1298:1328 8-week-old TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1298:1328 Next, we induced adult-onset deletion of the Ogt gene in podocytes by TM injection in 8-week-old TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 5 17 from O-GlcNAcylation 623:637 arg1 podocytes 642:650 podocytes 642:650 podocytes 642:650 To abrogate O-GlcNAcylation in podocytes, we generated congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) and analyzed their renal phenotypes. 28339907 0 18 from maturation 86:95 arg1 podocytes 113:121 podocytes 113:121 podocytes 113:121 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is essential for foot process maturation and survival in podocytes. 28339907 5 19 theme Podo-Ogt 743:750 arg1 y/- 752:754 Podo-Ogt y/- 743:754 Podo-Ogt y/- 743:754 To abrogate O-GlcNAcylation in podocytes, we generated congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) and analyzed their renal phenotypes. 28339907 5 19 theme Podo-Ogt 743:750 arg1 mice 737:740 congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice 666:740 congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) 666:790 To abrogate O-GlcNAcylation in podocytes, we generated congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) and analyzed their renal phenotypes. 28339907 1 20 theme O-linked 135:142 arg1 modification 222:233 a post-translational modification 201:233 a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins 201:259 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins, serving as a nutrient sensor. 28339907 1 20 theme O-linked 135:142 arg1 -acetylglucosamine 149:166 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine 124:166 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) 124:196 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins, serving as a nutrient sensor. 28339907 11 21 theme Podo-Ogt 1564:1571 arg1 mice 1577:1580 3-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1553:1580 3-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1553:1580 To test this possibility, 3-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice were treated with Bis-T-23, which stimulates actin-dependent dynamin oligomerization, actin polymerization and subsequent foot process elongation in podocytes. 28339907 2 22 theme Growing 292:298 arg1 evidence 300:307 Growing evidence 292:307 Growing evidence 292:307 Growing evidence has demonstrated its physiological and pathological importance in various mammalian tissues. 28339907 10 23 dep mice 1359:1362 arg1 contrast 1334:1341 contrast 1334:1341 contrast 1334:1341 In contrast to Podo-Ogt y/- mice, the induced TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice did not develop albuminuria or podocyte damage, suggesting a need for O-GlcNAcylation to form mature foot processes after birth. 28339907 1 24 theme N 147:147 arg1 modification 222:233 a post-translational modification 201:233 a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins 201:259 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins, serving as a nutrient sensor. 28339907 1 24 theme N 147:147 arg1 -acetylglucosamine 149:166 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine 124:166 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) 124:196 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins, serving as a nutrient sensor. 28339907 12 25 theme Bis-T-23 1825:1832 arg1 treatment 1834:1842 Bis-T-23 treatment 1825:1842 Bis-T-23 treatment 1825:1842 Albuminuria and podocyte damage in 16-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice were prevented by Bis-T-23 treatment. 28339907 4 26 theme METHODS 502:508 arg1 enzyme 551:556 a critical enzyme 540:556 a critical enzyme for O-GlcNAcylation 540:576 METHODS O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt) is a critical enzyme for O-GlcNAcylation and resides on the X chromosome. 28339907 4 26 theme METHODS 502:508 arg1 Ogt 532:534 Ogt 532:534 Ogt 532:534 METHODS O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt) is a critical enzyme for O-GlcNAcylation and resides on the X chromosome. 28339907 4 26 theme METHODS 502:508 arg1 transferase 519:529 METHODS O-GlcNAc transferase 502:529 METHODS O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt) 502:535 METHODS O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt) is a critical enzyme for O-GlcNAcylation and resides on the X chromosome. 28339907 0 27 theme foot 73:76 arg1 maturation 86:95 foot process maturation 73:95 foot process maturation 73:95 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is essential for foot process maturation and survival in podocytes. 28339907 11 28 theme subsequent 1693:1702 arg1 process 1709:1715 subsequent foot process 1693:1715 subsequent foot process 1693:1715 To test this possibility, 3-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice were treated with Bis-T-23, which stimulates actin-dependent dynamin oligomerization, actin polymerization and subsequent foot process elongation in podocytes. 28339907 12 29 theme Podo-Ogt 1789:1796 arg1 mice 1802:1805 16-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1777:1805 16-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1777:1805 Albuminuria and podocyte damage in 16-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice were prevented by Bis-T-23 treatment. 28339907 8 30 with lesions 1060:1066 arg1 expression 1137:1146 decreased podocin expression 1119:1146 decreased podocin expression 1119:1146 Glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions and markedly altered podocyte foot processes, with decreased podocin expression, were observed histologically in 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 8 31 with processes 1103:1111 arg1 expression 1137:1146 decreased podocin expression 1119:1146 decreased podocin expression 1119:1146 Glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions and markedly altered podocyte foot processes, with decreased podocin expression, were observed histologically in 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 8 32 theme decreased 1119:1127 arg1 expression 1137:1146 decreased podocin expression 1119:1146 decreased podocin expression 1119:1146 Glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions and markedly altered podocyte foot processes, with decreased podocin expression, were observed histologically in 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 12 33 theme podocyte 1758:1765 arg1 damage 1767:1772 podocyte damage 1758:1772 podocyte damage 1758:1772 Albuminuria and podocyte damage in 16-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice were prevented by Bis-T-23 treatment. 28339907 14 34 theme new 1974:1976 arg1 insights 1978:1985 new insights 1974:1985 new insights into podocyte biology and O-GlcNAcylation 1974:2027 Our study provided new insights into podocyte biology and O-GlcNAcylation. 28339907 4 35 theme critical 542:549 arg1 enzyme 551:556 a critical enzyme 540:556 a critical enzyme for O-GlcNAcylation 540:576 METHODS O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt) is a critical enzyme for O-GlcNAcylation and resides on the X chromosome. 28339907 4 35 theme critical 542:549 arg1 transferase 519:529 METHODS O-GlcNAc transferase 502:529 METHODS O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt) 502:535 METHODS O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt) is a critical enzyme for O-GlcNAcylation and resides on the X chromosome. 28339907 0 36 theme process 78:84 arg1 maturation 86:95 foot process maturation 73:95 foot process maturation 73:95 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is essential for foot process maturation and survival in podocytes. 28339907 10 37 theme y/- 1355:1357 arg1 mice 1359:1362 Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1346:1362 Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1346:1362 In contrast to Podo-Ogt y/- mice, the induced TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice did not develop albuminuria or podocyte damage, suggesting a need for O-GlcNAcylation to form mature foot processes after birth. 28339907 0 38 theme O-linked 0:7 arg1 modification 31:42 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 0:42 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins 0:54 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is essential for foot process maturation and survival in podocytes. 28339907 0 39 from survival 101:108 arg1 podocytes 113:121 podocytes 113:121 podocytes 113:121 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is essential for foot process maturation and survival in podocytes. 28339907 7 40 theme age 985:987 arg1 weeks 992:996 age 32 weeks 985:996 age 32 weeks 985:996 However, they developed albuminuria at 8 weeks of age, increasing progressively until age 32 weeks. 28339907 3 41 theme physiological 426:438 arg1 role 440:443 the physiological role 422:443 the physiological role of O-GlcNAcylation in podocyte function and development 422:499 This study examined the physiological role of O-GlcNAcylation in podocyte function and development. 28339907 1 42 dep -acetylglucosamine 149:166 arg1 modification 168:179 modification 168:179 modification 168:179 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins, serving as a nutrient sensor. 28339907 10 43 theme y/- 1389:1391 arg1 mice 1393:1396 the induced TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1365:1396 the induced TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1365:1396 In contrast to Podo-Ogt y/- mice, the induced TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice did not develop albuminuria or podocyte damage, suggesting a need for O-GlcNAcylation to form mature foot processes after birth. 28339907 10 44 theme induced 1369:1375 arg1 y/- 1389:1391 the induced TM-Podo-Ogt y/- 1365:1391 the induced TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1365:1396 In contrast to Podo-Ogt y/- mice, the induced TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice did not develop albuminuria or podocyte damage, suggesting a need for O-GlcNAcylation to form mature foot processes after birth. 28339907 0 45 theme proteins 47:54 arg1 modification 31:42 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 0:42 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins 0:54 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is essential for foot process maturation and survival in podocytes. 28339907 8 46 theme 32-week-old 1181:1191 arg1 mice 1206:1209 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1181:1209 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1181:1209 Glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions and markedly altered podocyte foot processes, with decreased podocin expression, were observed histologically in 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 8 47 with sclerosis 1010:1018 arg1 expression 1137:1146 decreased podocin expression 1119:1146 decreased podocin expression 1119:1146 Glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions and markedly altered podocyte foot processes, with decreased podocin expression, were observed histologically in 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 8 48 theme y/- 1202:1204 arg1 mice 1206:1209 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1181:1209 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1181:1209 Glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions and markedly altered podocyte foot processes, with decreased podocin expression, were observed histologically in 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 4 49 theme X 597:597 arg1 chromosome 599:608 the X chromosome 593:608 the X chromosome 593:608 METHODS O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt) is a critical enzyme for O-GlcNAcylation and resides on the X chromosome. 28339907 9 50 theme TM 1282:1283 arg1 injection 1285:1293 TM injection 1282:1293 TM injection in 8-week-old TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1282:1328 Next, we induced adult-onset deletion of the Ogt gene in podocytes by TM injection in 8-week-old TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 9 51 theme adult-onset 1229:1239 arg1 deletion 1241:1248 adult-onset deletion 1229:1248 adult-onset deletion of the Ogt gene 1229:1264 Next, we induced adult-onset deletion of the Ogt gene in podocytes by TM injection in 8-week-old TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 2 52 theme mammalian 383:391 arg1 tissues 393:399 various mammalian tissues 375:399 various mammalian tissues 375:399 Growing evidence has demonstrated its physiological and pathological importance in various mammalian tissues. 28339907 8 53 theme proteinuria-related 1021:1039 arg1 lesions 1060:1066 proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions 1021:1066 proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions 1021:1066 Glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions and markedly altered podocyte foot processes, with decreased podocin expression, were observed histologically in 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 5 54 theme podocyte-specific 706:722 arg1 Ogt 724:726 tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt 681:726 tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt 681:726 To abrogate O-GlcNAcylation in podocytes, we generated congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) and analyzed their renal phenotypes. 28339907 9 55 theme Ogt 1257:1259 arg1 gene 1261:1264 the Ogt gene 1253:1264 the Ogt gene 1253:1264 Next, we induced adult-onset deletion of the Ogt gene in podocytes by TM injection in 8-week-old TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 7 56 theme age 949:951 arg1 weeks 940:944 8 weeks 938:944 8 weeks of age 938:951 However, they developed albuminuria at 8 weeks of age, increasing progressively until age 32 weeks. 28339907 6 57 dep RESULTS 829:835 arg1 showed 855:860 showed 855:860 showed normal podocyte morphology at birth 855:896 RESULTS Podo-Ogt y/- mice showed normal podocyte morphology at birth. 28339907 5 58 theme knockout 728:735 arg1 y/- 752:754 Podo-Ogt y/- 743:754 Podo-Ogt y/- 743:754 To abrogate O-GlcNAcylation in podocytes, we generated congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) and analyzed their renal phenotypes. 28339907 5 58 theme knockout 728:735 arg1 y/- 772:774 TM-Podo-Ogt y/- 760:774 TM-Podo-Ogt y/- 760:774 To abrogate O-GlcNAcylation in podocytes, we generated congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) and analyzed their renal phenotypes. 28339907 5 58 theme knockout 728:735 arg1 mice 737:740 congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice 666:740 congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) 666:790 To abrogate O-GlcNAcylation in podocytes, we generated congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) and analyzed their renal phenotypes. 28339907 2 59 theme physiological 330:342 arg1 importance 361:370 its physiological and pathological importance 326:370 its physiological and pathological importance in various mammalian tissues 326:399 Growing evidence has demonstrated its physiological and pathological importance in various mammalian tissues. 28339907 12 60 from damage 1767:1772 arg1 mice 1802:1805 16-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1777:1805 16-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1777:1805 Albuminuria and podocyte damage in 16-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice were prevented by Bis-T-23 treatment. 28339907 13 61 theme foot 1913:1916 arg1 processes 1918:1926 podocyte foot processes 1904:1926 podocyte foot processes 1904:1926 CONCLUSIONS O-GlcNAcylation is necessary for maturation of podocyte foot processes, particularly after birth. 28339907 6 62 theme normal 862:867 arg1 morphology 878:887 normal podocyte morphology 862:887 normal podocyte morphology 862:887 RESULTS Podo-Ogt y/- mice showed normal podocyte morphology at birth. 28339907 8 63 theme podocyte 1089:1096 arg1 processes 1103:1111 markedly altered podocyte foot processes 1072:1111 markedly altered podocyte foot processes 1072:1111 Glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions and markedly altered podocyte foot processes, with decreased podocin expression, were observed histologically in 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 10 64 theme mature 1492:1497 arg1 processes 1504:1512 mature foot processes 1492:1512 mature foot processes 1492:1512 In contrast to Podo-Ogt y/- mice, the induced TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice did not develop albuminuria or podocyte damage, suggesting a need for O-GlcNAcylation to form mature foot processes after birth. 28339907 11 65 dep oligomerization 1651:1665 arg1 elongation 1717:1726 elongation 1717:1726 elongation 1717:1726 To test this possibility, 3-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice were treated with Bis-T-23, which stimulates actin-dependent dynamin oligomerization, actin polymerization and subsequent foot process elongation in podocytes. 28339907 1 66 theme post-translational 203:220 arg1 modification 222:233 a post-translational modification 201:233 a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins 201:259 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins, serving as a nutrient sensor. 28339907 1 66 theme post-translational 203:220 arg1 -acetylglucosamine 149:166 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine 124:166 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) 124:196 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins, serving as a nutrient sensor. 28339907 5 67 theme TM-Podo-Ogt 760:770 arg1 y/- 772:774 TM-Podo-Ogt y/- 760:774 TM-Podo-Ogt y/- 760:774 To abrogate O-GlcNAcylation in podocytes, we generated congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) and analyzed their renal phenotypes. 28339907 5 67 theme TM-Podo-Ogt 760:770 arg1 mice 737:740 congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice 666:740 congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) 666:790 To abrogate O-GlcNAcylation in podocytes, we generated congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) and analyzed their renal phenotypes. 28339907 6 68 theme Podo-Ogt 837:844 arg1 mice 850:853 Podo-Ogt y/- mice 837:853 Podo-Ogt y/- mice 837:853 RESULTS Podo-Ogt y/- mice showed normal podocyte morphology at birth. 28339907 2 69 theme pathological 348:359 arg1 importance 361:370 its physiological and pathological importance 326:370 its physiological and pathological importance in various mammalian tissues 326:399 Growing evidence has demonstrated its physiological and pathological importance in various mammalian tissues. 28339907 9 70 theme y/- 1321:1323 arg1 mice 1325:1328 8-week-old TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1298:1328 8-week-old TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1298:1328 Next, we induced adult-onset deletion of the Ogt gene in podocytes by TM injection in 8-week-old TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 1 71 theme proteins 252:259 arg1 modification 222:233 a post-translational modification 201:233 a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins 201:259 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins, serving as a nutrient sensor. 28339907 1 71 theme proteins 252:259 arg1 -acetylglucosamine 149:166 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine 124:166 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) 124:196 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins, serving as a nutrient sensor. 28339907 8 72 located observed 1154:1161 arg2 processes 1103:1111 markedly altered podocyte foot processes 1072:1111 markedly altered podocyte foot processes 1072:1111 Glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions and markedly altered podocyte foot processes, with decreased podocin expression, were observed histologically in 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 8 72 located observed 1154:1161 arg1 mice 1206:1209 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1181:1209 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1181:1209 Glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions and markedly altered podocyte foot processes, with decreased podocin expression, were observed histologically in 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 8 72 located observed 1154:1161 arg2 sclerosis 1010:1018 Glomerular sclerosis 999:1018 Glomerular sclerosis 999:1018 Glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions and markedly altered podocyte foot processes, with decreased podocin expression, were observed histologically in 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 8 72 located observed 1154:1161 arg2 lesions 1060:1066 proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions 1021:1066 proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions 1021:1066 Glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions and markedly altered podocyte foot processes, with decreased podocin expression, were observed histologically in 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 13 73 theme CONCLUSIONS 1845:1855 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1857:1871 CONCLUSIONS O-GlcNAcylation 1845:1871 CONCLUSIONS O-GlcNAcylation 1845:1871 CONCLUSIONS O-GlcNAcylation is necessary for maturation of podocyte foot processes, particularly after birth. 28339907 1 74 theme BACKGROUND 124:133 arg1 modification 222:233 a post-translational modification 201:233 a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins 201:259 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins, serving as a nutrient sensor. 28339907 1 74 theme BACKGROUND 124:133 arg1 -acetylglucosamine 149:166 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine 124:166 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) 124:196 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins, serving as a nutrient sensor. 28339907 11 75 theme 3-week-old 1553:1562 arg1 mice 1577:1580 3-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1553:1580 3-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1553:1580 To test this possibility, 3-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice were treated with Bis-T-23, which stimulates actin-dependent dynamin oligomerization, actin polymerization and subsequent foot process elongation in podocytes. 28339907 9 76 theme 8-week-old 1298:1307 arg1 mice 1325:1328 8-week-old TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1298:1328 8-week-old TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1298:1328 Next, we induced adult-onset deletion of the Ogt gene in podocytes by TM injection in 8-week-old TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 1 77 theme β- 144:145 arg1 modification 222:233 a post-translational modification 201:233 a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins 201:259 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins, serving as a nutrient sensor. 28339907 1 77 theme β- 144:145 arg1 -acetylglucosamine 149:166 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine 124:166 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) 124:196 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins, serving as a nutrient sensor. 28339907 11 78 theme actin 1668:1672 arg1 polymerization 1674:1687 actin polymerization 1668:1687 actin polymerization 1668:1687 To test this possibility, 3-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice were treated with Bis-T-23, which stimulates actin-dependent dynamin oligomerization, actin polymerization and subsequent foot process elongation in podocytes. 28339907 4 79 theme O-GlcNAc 510:517 arg1 enzyme 551:556 a critical enzyme 540:556 a critical enzyme for O-GlcNAcylation 540:576 METHODS O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt) is a critical enzyme for O-GlcNAcylation and resides on the X chromosome. 28339907 4 79 theme O-GlcNAc 510:517 arg1 Ogt 532:534 Ogt 532:534 Ogt 532:534 METHODS O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt) is a critical enzyme for O-GlcNAcylation and resides on the X chromosome. 28339907 4 79 theme O-GlcNAc 510:517 arg1 transferase 519:529 METHODS O-GlcNAc transferase 502:529 METHODS O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt) 502:535 METHODS O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt) is a critical enzyme for O-GlcNAcylation and resides on the X chromosome. 28339907 9 80 from injection 1285:1293 arg1 mice 1325:1328 8-week-old TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1298:1328 8-week-old TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1298:1328 Next, we induced adult-onset deletion of the Ogt gene in podocytes by TM injection in 8-week-old TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 5 81 theme renal 811:815 arg1 phenotypes 817:826 their renal phenotypes 805:826 their renal phenotypes 805:826 To abrogate O-GlcNAcylation in podocytes, we generated congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) and analyzed their renal phenotypes. 28339907 12 82 theme y/- 1798:1800 arg1 mice 1802:1805 16-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1777:1805 16-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1777:1805 Albuminuria and podocyte damage in 16-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice were prevented by Bis-T-23 treatment. 28339907 10 83 theme Podo-Ogt 1346:1353 arg1 mice 1359:1362 Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1346:1362 Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1346:1362 In contrast to Podo-Ogt y/- mice, the induced TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice did not develop albuminuria or podocyte damage, suggesting a need for O-GlcNAcylation to form mature foot processes after birth. 28339907 12 84 theme 16-week-old 1777:1787 arg1 mice 1802:1805 16-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1777:1805 16-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1777:1805 Albuminuria and podocyte damage in 16-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice were prevented by Bis-T-23 treatment. 28339907 11 85 theme y/- 1573:1575 arg1 mice 1577:1580 3-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1553:1580 3-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1553:1580 To test this possibility, 3-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice were treated with Bis-T-23, which stimulates actin-dependent dynamin oligomerization, actin polymerization and subsequent foot process elongation in podocytes. 28339907 8 86 theme podocin 1129:1135 arg1 expression 1137:1146 decreased podocin expression 1119:1146 decreased podocin expression 1119:1146 Glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions and markedly altered podocyte foot processes, with decreased podocin expression, were observed histologically in 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 5 87 theme congenital 666:675 arg1 y/- 752:754 Podo-Ogt y/- 743:754 Podo-Ogt y/- 743:754 To abrogate O-GlcNAcylation in podocytes, we generated congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) and analyzed their renal phenotypes. 28339907 5 87 theme congenital 666:675 arg1 y/- 772:774 TM-Podo-Ogt y/- 760:774 TM-Podo-Ogt y/- 760:774 To abrogate O-GlcNAcylation in podocytes, we generated congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) and analyzed their renal phenotypes. 28339907 5 87 theme congenital 666:675 arg1 mice 737:740 congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice 666:740 congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) 666:790 To abrogate O-GlcNAcylation in podocytes, we generated congenital and tamoxifen (TM)-inducible podocyte-specific Ogt knockout mice (Podo-Ogt y/- and TM-Podo-Ogt y/- , respectively) and analyzed their renal phenotypes. 28339907 2 88 from importance 361:370 arg1 tissues 393:399 various mammalian tissues 375:399 various mammalian tissues 375:399 Growing evidence has demonstrated its physiological and pathological importance in various mammalian tissues. 28339907 10 89 theme foot 1499:1502 arg1 processes 1504:1512 mature foot processes 1492:1512 mature foot processes 1492:1512 In contrast to Podo-Ogt y/- mice, the induced TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice did not develop albuminuria or podocyte damage, suggesting a need for O-GlcNAcylation to form mature foot processes after birth. 28339907 3 90 from role 440:443 arg1 development 489:499 development 489:499 development 489:499 This study examined the physiological role of O-GlcNAcylation in podocyte function and development. 28339907 3 90 from role 440:443 arg1 function 476:483 podocyte function 467:483 podocyte function 467:483 This study examined the physiological role of O-GlcNAcylation in podocyte function and development. 28339907 1 91 theme intracellular 238:250 arg1 proteins 252:259 intracellular proteins 238:259 intracellular proteins 238:259 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins, serving as a nutrient sensor. 28339907 0 92 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 9:29 arg1 modification 31:42 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 0:42 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins 0:54 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is essential for foot process maturation and survival in podocytes. 28339907 3 93 theme O-GlcNAcylation 448:462 arg1 role 440:443 the physiological role 422:443 the physiological role of O-GlcNAcylation in podocyte function and development 422:499 This study examined the physiological role of O-GlcNAcylation in podocyte function and development. 28339907 1 94 dep modification 168:179 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 181:195 O-GlcNAcylation 181:195 O-GlcNAcylation 181:195 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins, serving as a nutrient sensor. 28339907 10 95 theme TM-Podo-Ogt 1377:1387 arg1 y/- 1389:1391 the induced TM-Podo-Ogt y/- 1365:1391 the induced TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1365:1396 In contrast to Podo-Ogt y/- mice, the induced TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice did not develop albuminuria or podocyte damage, suggesting a need for O-GlcNAcylation to form mature foot processes after birth. 28339907 8 96 theme Podo-Ogt 1193:1200 arg1 mice 1206:1209 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1181:1209 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice 1181:1209 Glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions and markedly altered podocyte foot processes, with decreased podocin expression, were observed histologically in 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 0 97 mod modification 31:42 arg3 β-N-acetylglucosamine 9:29 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 0:42 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins 0:54 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is essential for foot process maturation and survival in podocytes. 28339907 0 97 mod modification 31:42 arg1 proteins 47:54 proteins 47:54 proteins 47:54 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is essential for foot process maturation and survival in podocytes. 28339907 3 98 theme podocyte 467:474 arg1 function 476:483 podocyte function 467:483 podocyte function 467:483 This study examined the physiological role of O-GlcNAcylation in podocyte function and development. 28339907 11 99 theme actin-dependent 1627:1641 arg1 oligomerization 1651:1665 actin-dependent dynamin oligomerization 1627:1665 actin-dependent dynamin oligomerization 1627:1665 To test this possibility, 3-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice were treated with Bis-T-23, which stimulates actin-dependent dynamin oligomerization, actin polymerization and subsequent foot process elongation in podocytes. 28339907 1 100 link O-linked 135:142 arg1 modification 222:233 a post-translational modification 201:233 a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins 201:259 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins, serving as a nutrient sensor. 28339907 1 100 link O-linked 135:142 arg1 -acetylglucosamine 149:166 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine 124:166 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) 124:196 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins, serving as a nutrient sensor. 28339907 2 101 theme various 375:381 arg1 tissues 393:399 various mammalian tissues 375:399 various mammalian tissues 375:399 Growing evidence has demonstrated its physiological and pathological importance in various mammalian tissues. 28339907 8 102 theme Glomerular 999:1008 arg1 sclerosis 1010:1018 Glomerular sclerosis 999:1018 Glomerular sclerosis 999:1018 Glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria-related tubulointerstitial lesions and markedly altered podocyte foot processes, with decreased podocin expression, were observed histologically in 32-week-old Podo-Ogt y/- mice. 28339907 10 103 theme podocyte 1429:1436 arg1 damage 1438:1443 podocyte damage 1429:1443 podocyte damage 1429:1443 In contrast to Podo-Ogt y/- mice, the induced TM-Podo-Ogt y/- mice did not develop albuminuria or podocyte damage, suggesting a need for O-GlcNAcylation to form mature foot processes after birth. 28339907 1 104 theme nutrient 275:282 arg1 sensor 284:289 a nutrient sensor 273:289 a nutrient sensor 273:289 BACKGROUND O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine modification O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins, serving as a nutrient sensor. 25568311 0 0 theme N-acetylglucosamine 81:99 arg1 OGT 114:116 OGT 114:116 OGT 114:116 Phosphorylation of TET proteins is regulated via O-GlcNAcylation by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 25568311 0 0 theme N-acetylglucosamine 81:99 arg1 transferase 101:111 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 72:111 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 68:117 Phosphorylation of TET proteins is regulated via O-GlcNAcylation by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 25568311 5 1 gly occupancy 1132:1140 arg2 sites 1117:1121 phosphorylation sites 1101:1121 phosphorylation sites 1101:1121 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 5 1 gly occupancy 1132:1140 arg2 site 1127:1130 site occupancy 1127:1140 site occupancy 1127:1140 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 5 1 gly occupancy 1132:1140 arg1 sites 1117:1121 phosphorylation sites 1101:1121 phosphorylation sites 1101:1121 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 1 2 theme DNA 272:274 arg1 demethylation 276:288 active DNA demethylation 265:288 active DNA demethylation in mammals 265:299 TET proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine and thus provide a possible means for active DNA demethylation in mammals. 25568311 0 3 theme O-linked 72:79 arg1 OGT 114:116 OGT 114:116 OGT 114:116 Phosphorylation of TET proteins is regulated via O-GlcNAcylation by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 25568311 0 3 theme O-linked 72:79 arg1 transferase 101:111 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 72:111 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 68:117 Phosphorylation of TET proteins is regulated via O-GlcNAcylation by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 25568311 5 4 theme phosphorylation 1101:1115 arg1 sites 1117:1121 phosphorylation sites 1101:1121 phosphorylation sites 1101:1121 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 8 5 theme activity 1635:1642 arg1 adaption 1597:1604 rapid adaption 1591:1604 rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli 1591:1740 Our data suggest strong cross-talk between the modification sites that could allow rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli. 25568311 3 6 theme regulatory 706:715 arg1 regions 717:723 these regulatory regions 700:723 these regulatory regions 700:723 Here, we demonstrate that TET proteins are subject to a variety of post-translational modifications that mostly occur at these regulatory regions. 25568311 6 7 theme distinct 1274:1281 arg1 combinations 1283:1294 distinct combinations 1274:1294 distinct combinations 1274:1294 Interestingly, the different TET proteins display unique post-translational modification patterns, and some modifications occur in distinct combinations. 25568311 6 8 theme modification 1219:1230 arg1 patterns 1232:1239 unique post-translational modification patterns 1193:1239 unique post-translational modification patterns 1193:1239 Interestingly, the different TET proteins display unique post-translational modification patterns, and some modifications occur in distinct combinations. 25568311 2 9 theme catalytic 317:325 arg1 mechanism 327:335 their catalytic mechanism 311:335 their catalytic mechanism 311:335 Although their catalytic mechanism is well characterized and the catalytic dioxygenase domain is highly conserved, the function of the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) is only poorly understood. 25568311 7 10 theme dynamic 1395:1401 arg1 interplay 1403:1411 a dynamic interplay 1393:1411 a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region 1393:1505 In summary, our results provide a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region. 25568311 5 11 dep serine 1014:1019 arg1 residues 1035:1042 residues 1035:1042 residues 1035:1042 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 2 12 theme domains 543:549 arg1 parts 518:522 the two parts 510:522 the two parts of the dioxygenase domains 510:549 Although their catalytic mechanism is well characterized and the catalytic dioxygenase domain is highly conserved, the function of the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) is only poorly understood. 25568311 5 13 theme TET 956:958 arg1 proteins 960:967 all three TET proteins 946:967 all three TET proteins 946:967 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 1 14 dep oxidize 133:139 arg1 provide 236:242 provide 236:242 provide a possible means for active DNA demethylation in mammals 236:299 TET proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine and thus provide a possible means for active DNA demethylation in mammals. 25568311 2 15 theme dioxygenase 531:541 arg1 domains 543:549 the dioxygenase domains 527:549 the dioxygenase domains 527:549 Although their catalytic mechanism is well characterized and the catalytic dioxygenase domain is highly conserved, the function of the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) is only poorly understood. 25568311 8 16 theme strong 1525:1530 arg1 cross-talk 1532:1541 strong cross-talk 1525:1541 strong cross-talk between the modification sites that could allow rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli 1525:1740 Our data suggest strong cross-talk between the modification sites that could allow rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli. 25568311 7 17 theme protein 1365:1371 arg1 regulation 1373:1382 TET protein regulation 1361:1382 TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region 1361:1505 In summary, our results provide a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region. 25568311 7 18 theme phosphorylation 1416:1430 arg1 interplay 1403:1411 a dynamic interplay 1393:1411 a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region 1393:1505 In summary, our results provide a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region. 25568311 8 19 theme environmental 1674:1686 arg1 conditions 1688:1697 changing environmental conditions 1665:1697 changing environmental conditions 1665:1697 Our data suggest strong cross-talk between the modification sites that could allow rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli. 25568311 7 20 from region 1500:1505 arg1 interplay 1403:1411 a dynamic interplay 1393:1411 a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region 1393:1505 In summary, our results provide a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region. 25568311 7 20 from region 1500:1505 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1436:1450 O-GlcNAcylation 1436:1450 O-GlcNAcylation 1436:1450 In summary, our results provide a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region. 25568311 7 20 from region 1500:1505 arg1 phosphorylation 1416:1430 phosphorylation 1416:1430 phosphorylation 1416:1430 In summary, our results provide a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region. 25568311 5 21 link O-linked 869:876 arg1 transferase 885:895 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase 865:895 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase 865:895 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 5 21 link O-linked 869:876 arg1 interactor 930:939 a strong interactor 921:939 a strong interactor with all three TET proteins 921:967 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 7 22 theme TET 1361:1363 arg1 regulation 1373:1382 TET protein regulation 1361:1382 TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region 1361:1505 In summary, our results provide a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region. 25568311 8 23 theme external 1725:1732 arg1 stimuli 1734:1740 external stimuli 1725:1740 external stimuli 1725:1740 Our data suggest strong cross-talk between the modification sites that could allow rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli. 25568311 7 24 theme novel 1331:1335 arg1 mechanism 1347:1355 a novel potential mechanism 1329:1355 a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region 1329:1505 In summary, our results provide a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region. 25568311 7 25 theme N 1459:1459 arg1 terminus 1461:1468 the N terminus 1455:1468 the N terminus 1455:1468 In summary, our results provide a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region. 25568311 8 26 from response 1713:1720 arg1 due 1658:1660 due 1658:1660 due 1658:1660 Our data suggest strong cross-talk between the modification sites that could allow rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli. 25568311 5 27 theme strong 923:928 arg1 interactor 930:939 a strong interactor 921:939 a strong interactor with all three TET proteins 921:967 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 5 27 theme strong 923:928 arg1 transferase 885:895 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase 865:895 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase 865:895 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 8 28 theme localization 1621:1632 arg1 adaption 1597:1604 rapid adaption 1591:1604 rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli 1591:1740 Our data suggest strong cross-talk between the modification sites that could allow rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli. 25568311 7 29 theme O-GlcNAcylation 1436:1450 arg1 interplay 1403:1411 a dynamic interplay 1393:1411 a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region 1393:1505 In summary, our results provide a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region. 25568311 7 30 from terminus 1461:1468 arg1 interplay 1403:1411 a dynamic interplay 1393:1411 a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region 1393:1505 In summary, our results provide a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region. 25568311 7 30 from terminus 1461:1468 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1436:1450 O-GlcNAcylation 1436:1450 O-GlcNAcylation 1436:1450 In summary, our results provide a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region. 25568311 7 30 from terminus 1461:1468 arg1 phosphorylation 1416:1430 phosphorylation 1416:1430 phosphorylation 1416:1430 In summary, our results provide a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region. 25568311 5 31 theme TET 1047:1049 arg1 proteins 1051:1058 TET proteins 1047:1058 TET proteins 1047:1058 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 2 32 theme N 461:461 arg1 terminus 463:470 the N terminus 457:470 the N terminus 457:470 Although their catalytic mechanism is well characterized and the catalytic dioxygenase domain is highly conserved, the function of the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) is only poorly understood. 25568311 2 32 theme N 461:461 arg1 regions 448:454 the regulatory regions 433:454 the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) 433:550 Although their catalytic mechanism is well characterized and the catalytic dioxygenase domain is highly conserved, the function of the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) is only poorly understood. 25568311 8 33 theme modification 1555:1566 arg1 sites 1568:1572 the modification sites 1551:1572 the modification sites that could allow rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli 1551:1740 Our data suggest strong cross-talk between the modification sites that could allow rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli. 25568311 6 34 theme post-translational 1200:1217 arg1 patterns 1232:1239 unique post-translational modification patterns 1193:1239 unique post-translational modification patterns 1193:1239 Interestingly, the different TET proteins display unique post-translational modification patterns, and some modifications occur in distinct combinations. 25568311 4 35 theme acid 768:771 arg1 resolution 773:782 amino acid resolution 762:782 amino acid resolution 762:782 We mapped TET modification sites at amino acid resolution and show for the first time that TET1, TET2, and TET3 are highly phosphorylated. 25568311 0 36 theme TET 19:21 arg1 proteins 23:30 TET proteins 19:30 TET proteins 19:30 Phosphorylation of TET proteins is regulated via O-GlcNAcylation by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 25568311 3 37 theme post-translational 646:663 arg1 modifications 665:677 post-translational modifications 646:677 post-translational modifications that mostly occur at these regulatory regions 646:723 Here, we demonstrate that TET proteins are subject to a variety of post-translational modifications that mostly occur at these regulatory regions. 25568311 4 38 theme amino 762:766 arg1 resolution 773:782 amino acid resolution 762:782 amino acid resolution 762:782 We mapped TET modification sites at amino acid resolution and show for the first time that TET1, TET2, and TET3 are highly phosphorylated. 25568311 2 39 theme regions 448:454 arg1 function 421:428 the function 417:428 the function of the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) 417:550 Although their catalytic mechanism is well characterized and the catalytic dioxygenase domain is highly conserved, the function of the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) is only poorly understood. 25568311 2 40 theme catalytic 367:375 arg1 domain 389:394 the catalytic dioxygenase domain 363:394 the catalytic dioxygenase domain 363:394 Although their catalytic mechanism is well characterized and the catalytic dioxygenase domain is highly conserved, the function of the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) is only poorly understood. 25568311 3 41 theme modifications 665:677 arg1 variety 635:641 a variety 633:641 a variety of post-translational modifications that mostly occur at these regulatory regions 633:723 Here, we demonstrate that TET proteins are subject to a variety of post-translational modifications that mostly occur at these regulatory regions. 25568311 3 41 theme modifications 665:677 arg1 modifications 665:677 post-translational modifications 646:677 post-translational modifications that mostly occur at these regulatory regions 646:723 Here, we demonstrate that TET proteins are subject to a variety of post-translational modifications that mostly occur at these regulatory regions. 25568311 3 42 theme TET 605:607 arg1 proteins 609:616 TET proteins 605:616 TET proteins 605:616 Here, we demonstrate that TET proteins are subject to a variety of post-translational modifications that mostly occur at these regulatory regions. 25568311 5 43 theme O-linked 869:876 arg1 transferase 885:895 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase 865:895 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase 865:895 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 5 43 theme O-linked 869:876 arg1 interactor 930:939 a strong interactor 921:939 a strong interactor with all three TET proteins 921:967 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 2 44 theme regulatory 437:446 arg1 terminus 463:470 the N terminus 457:470 the N terminus 457:470 Although their catalytic mechanism is well characterized and the catalytic dioxygenase domain is highly conserved, the function of the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) is only poorly understood. 25568311 2 44 theme regulatory 437:446 arg1 insert 495:500 the low-complexity insert 476:500 the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains 476:549 Although their catalytic mechanism is well characterized and the catalytic dioxygenase domain is highly conserved, the function of the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) is only poorly understood. 25568311 2 44 theme regulatory 437:446 arg1 regions 448:454 the regulatory regions 433:454 the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) 433:550 Although their catalytic mechanism is well characterized and the catalytic dioxygenase domain is highly conserved, the function of the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) is only poorly understood. 25568311 8 45 theme rapid 1591:1595 arg1 adaption 1597:1604 rapid adaption 1591:1604 rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli 1591:1740 Our data suggest strong cross-talk between the modification sites that could allow rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli. 25568311 1 46 from demethylation 276:288 arg1 mammals 293:299 mammals 293:299 mammals 293:299 TET proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine and thus provide a possible means for active DNA demethylation in mammals. 25568311 5 47 theme proteins 1051:1058 arg1 threonine 1025:1033 threonine 1025:1033 threonine 1025:1033 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 5 47 theme proteins 1051:1058 arg1 serine 1014:1019 serine 1014:1019 serine 1014:1019 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 0 48 theme proteins 23:30 arg1 Phosphorylation 0:14 Phosphorylation 0:14 Phosphorylation of TET proteins 0:30 Phosphorylation of TET proteins is regulated via O-GlcNAcylation by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 25568311 2 49 theme low-complexity 480:493 arg1 regions 448:454 the regulatory regions 433:454 the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) 433:550 Although their catalytic mechanism is well characterized and the catalytic dioxygenase domain is highly conserved, the function of the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) is only poorly understood. 25568311 2 49 theme low-complexity 480:493 arg1 insert 495:500 the low-complexity insert 476:500 the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains 476:549 Although their catalytic mechanism is well characterized and the catalytic dioxygenase domain is highly conserved, the function of the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) is only poorly understood. 25568311 5 50 theme site 1127:1130 arg1 occupancy 1132:1140 site occupancy 1127:1140 site occupancy 1127:1140 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 5 51 theme group 1005:1009 arg1 addition 984:991 the addition 980:991 the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins 980:1058 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 0 52 link O-linked 72:79 arg1 OGT 114:116 OGT 114:116 OGT 114:116 Phosphorylation of TET proteins is regulated via O-GlcNAcylation by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 25568311 0 52 link O-linked 72:79 arg1 transferase 101:111 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 72:111 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 68:117 Phosphorylation of TET proteins is regulated via O-GlcNAcylation by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 25568311 2 53 theme dioxygenase 377:387 arg1 domain 389:394 the catalytic dioxygenase domain 363:394 the catalytic dioxygenase domain 363:394 Although their catalytic mechanism is well characterized and the catalytic dioxygenase domain is highly conserved, the function of the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) is only poorly understood. 25568311 5 54 theme sites 1117:1121 arg1 occupancy 1132:1140 site occupancy 1127:1140 site occupancy 1127:1140 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 5 54 theme sites 1117:1121 arg1 number 1091:1096 the number 1087:1096 the number of phosphorylation sites 1087:1121 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 2 55 dep regions 448:454 arg1 terminus 463:470 the N terminus 457:470 the N terminus 457:470 Although their catalytic mechanism is well characterized and the catalytic dioxygenase domain is highly conserved, the function of the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) is only poorly understood. 25568311 2 55 dep regions 448:454 arg1 regions 448:454 the regulatory regions 433:454 the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) 433:550 Although their catalytic mechanism is well characterized and the catalytic dioxygenase domain is highly conserved, the function of the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) is only poorly understood. 25568311 2 55 dep regions 448:454 arg1 insert 495:500 the low-complexity insert 476:500 the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains 476:549 Although their catalytic mechanism is well characterized and the catalytic dioxygenase domain is highly conserved, the function of the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) is only poorly understood. 25568311 1 56 theme TET 120:122 arg1 proteins 124:131 TET proteins 120:131 TET proteins 120:131 TET proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine and thus provide a possible means for active DNA demethylation in mammals. 25568311 7 57 theme low-complexity 1478:1491 arg1 region 1500:1505 the low-complexity insert region 1474:1505 the low-complexity insert region 1474:1505 In summary, our results provide a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region. 25568311 6 58 theme TET 1172:1174 arg1 proteins 1176:1183 the different TET proteins 1158:1183 the different TET proteins 1158:1183 Interestingly, the different TET proteins display unique post-translational modification patterns, and some modifications occur in distinct combinations. 25568311 6 59 theme unique 1193:1198 arg1 patterns 1232:1239 unique post-translational modification patterns 1193:1239 unique post-translational modification patterns 1193:1239 Interestingly, the different TET proteins display unique post-translational modification patterns, and some modifications occur in distinct combinations. 25568311 4 60 theme first 801:805 arg1 time 807:810 the first time 797:810 the first time 797:810 We mapped TET modification sites at amino acid resolution and show for the first time that TET1, TET2, and TET3 are highly phosphorylated. 25568311 5 61 theme GlcNAc 998:1003 arg1 group 1005:1009 a GlcNAc group 996:1009 a GlcNAc group 996:1009 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 4 62 theme modification 740:751 arg1 sites 753:757 TET modification sites 736:757 TET modification sites 736:757 We mapped TET modification sites at amino acid resolution and show for the first time that TET1, TET2, and TET3 are highly phosphorylated. 25568311 8 63 theme due 1658:1660 arg1 localization 1621:1632 TET protein localization 1609:1632 TET protein localization 1609:1632 Our data suggest strong cross-talk between the modification sites that could allow rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli. 25568311 1 64 theme possible 246:253 arg1 means 255:259 a possible means 244:259 a possible means for active DNA demethylation in mammals 244:299 TET proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine and thus provide a possible means for active DNA demethylation in mammals. 25568311 8 65 from due 1658:1660 arg1 response 1713:1720 response 1713:1720 response to external stimuli 1713:1740 Our data suggest strong cross-talk between the modification sites that could allow rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli. 25568311 6 66 theme different 1162:1170 arg1 proteins 1176:1183 the different TET proteins 1158:1183 the different TET proteins 1158:1183 Interestingly, the different TET proteins display unique post-translational modification patterns, and some modifications occur in distinct combinations. 25568311 4 67 theme TET 736:738 arg1 sites 753:757 TET modification sites 736:757 TET modification sites 736:757 We mapped TET modification sites at amino acid resolution and show for the first time that TET1, TET2, and TET3 are highly phosphorylated. 25568311 7 68 from interplay 1403:1411 arg1 terminus 1461:1468 the N terminus 1455:1468 the N terminus 1455:1468 In summary, our results provide a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region. 25568311 7 68 from interplay 1403:1411 arg1 region 1500:1505 the low-complexity insert region 1474:1505 the low-complexity insert region 1474:1505 In summary, our results provide a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region. 25568311 8 69 theme TET 1609:1611 arg1 localization 1621:1632 TET protein localization 1609:1632 TET protein localization 1609:1632 Our data suggest strong cross-talk between the modification sites that could allow rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli. 25568311 7 70 theme potential 1337:1345 arg1 mechanism 1347:1355 a novel potential mechanism 1329:1355 a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region 1329:1505 In summary, our results provide a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region. 25568311 5 71 theme GlcNAc 878:883 arg1 transferase 885:895 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase 865:895 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase 865:895 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 5 71 theme GlcNAc 878:883 arg1 interactor 930:939 a strong interactor 921:939 a strong interactor with all three TET proteins 921:967 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 8 72 theme changing 1665:1672 arg1 conditions 1688:1697 changing environmental conditions 1665:1697 changing environmental conditions 1665:1697 Our data suggest strong cross-talk between the modification sites that could allow rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli. 25568311 8 73 theme targeting 1648:1656 arg1 adaption 1597:1604 rapid adaption 1591:1604 rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli 1591:1740 Our data suggest strong cross-talk between the modification sites that could allow rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli. 25568311 7 74 theme insert 1493:1498 arg1 region 1500:1505 the low-complexity insert region 1474:1505 the low-complexity insert region 1474:1505 In summary, our results provide a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region. 25568311 5 75 with interactor 930:939 arg1 proteins 960:967 all three TET proteins 946:967 all three TET proteins 946:967 The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. 25568311 8 76 theme protein 1613:1619 arg1 localization 1621:1632 TET protein localization 1609:1632 TET protein localization 1609:1632 Our data suggest strong cross-talk between the modification sites that could allow rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli. 25568311 1 77 theme active 265:270 arg1 demethylation 276:288 active DNA demethylation 265:288 active DNA demethylation in mammals 265:299 TET proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine and thus provide a possible means for active DNA demethylation in mammals. 24297165 6 0 theme present 760:766 arg1 work 768:771 the present work 756:771 the present work 756:771 In the present work, we used various probes to examine sialoglycan expression by activated T cells in terms of the Sia species expressed and the linkages of Sias to glycans. 24297165 8 1 theme sialic 1095:1100 arg1 ligands 1151:1157 sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec) ligands 1095:1157 sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec) ligands 1095:1157 These changes altered the expression levels of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec) ligands. 24297165 6 2 theme T 844:844 arg1 cells 846:850 activated T cells 834:850 activated T cells 834:850 In the present work, we used various probes to examine sialoglycan expression by activated T cells in terms of the Sia species expressed and the linkages of Sias to glycans. 24297165 12 3 from Neu5Gc 1605:1610 arg1 shift 1594:1598 an activation-dependent shift 1570:1598 an activation-dependent shift from Neu5Gc to Neu5Ac and replacement of α2,6 by α2,3 linkages 1570:1661 Our results suggest that an activation-dependent shift from Neu5Gc to Neu5Ac and replacement of α2,6 by α2,3 linkages may regulate immune cell interactions at several levels. 24297165 11 4 theme nonspecific 1491:1501 arg1 interactions 1531:1542 nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions 1491:1542 nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions 1491:1542 Suppression of Neu5Gc expression in mouse T and B cells prevented the development of nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions. 24297165 3 5 theme Neu5Gc 493:498 arg1 expression 500:509 Neu5Gc expression 493:509 Neu5Gc expression 493:509 Previously, we described a positive feedback loop involving regulation of Neu5Gc expression in mouse B cells. 24297165 1 6 theme cellular 160:167 arg1 glycans 169:175 cellular glycans 160:175 cellular glycans 160:175 Sialic acids (Sias) are often conjugated to the termini of cellular glycans and are key mediators of cellular recognition. 24297165 8 7 theme immunoglobulin-like 1115:1133 arg1 ligands 1151:1157 sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec) ligands 1095:1157 sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec) ligands 1095:1157 These changes altered the expression levels of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec) ligands. 24297165 10 8 theme proliferative 1331:1343 arg1 response 1345:1352 the proliferative response 1327:1352 the proliferative response 1327:1352 Neu5Gc exerted a negative effect on T-cell activation, both in terms of the proliferative response and in the context of activation marker expression. 24297165 12 9 theme cell 1683:1686 arg1 interactions 1688:1699 immune cell interactions 1676:1699 immune cell interactions 1676:1699 Our results suggest that an activation-dependent shift from Neu5Gc to Neu5Ac and replacement of α2,6 by α2,3 linkages may regulate immune cell interactions at several levels. 24297165 5 10 theme mouse 669:673 arg1 cells 677:681 resting mouse T cells 661:681 resting mouse T cells 661:681 Similarly, resting mouse T cells expressed principally Neu5Gc, and Neu5Ac was induced upon activation. 24297165 3 11 theme B 520:520 arg1 cells 522:526 mouse B cells 514:526 mouse B cells 514:526 Previously, we described a positive feedback loop involving regulation of Neu5Gc expression in mouse B cells. 24297165 1 12 theme key 185:187 arg1 mediators 189:197 key mediators 185:197 key mediators of cellular recognition 185:221 Sialic acids (Sias) are often conjugated to the termini of cellular glycans and are key mediators of cellular recognition. 24297165 4 13 theme Neu5Gc 600:605 arg1 expression 607:616 Neu5Gc expression 600:616 Neu5Gc expression 600:616 In this context, Neu5Gc negatively regulated B-cell proliferation, and Neu5Gc expression was suppressed upon activation. 24297165 9 14 theme sialoadhesin 1174:1185 arg1 ligands 1200:1206 sialoadhesin and Siglec-F ligands 1174:1206 sialoadhesin and Siglec-F ligands 1174:1206 Expression of sialoadhesin and Siglec-F ligands increased, and that of CD22 ligands decreased. 24297165 0 15 from composition 77:87 arg1 evaluation 11:20 Functional evaluation 0:20 Functional evaluation of activation-dependent alterations in the sialoglycan composition of T cells 0:98 Functional evaluation of activation-dependent alterations in the sialoglycan composition of T cells. 24297165 9 16 theme Siglec-F 1191:1198 arg1 ligands 1200:1206 sialoadhesin and Siglec-F ligands 1174:1206 sialoadhesin and Siglec-F ligands 1174:1206 Expression of sialoadhesin and Siglec-F ligands increased, and that of CD22 ligands decreased. 24297165 7 17 theme T-cell 932:937 arg1 activation 939:948 T-cell activation 932:948 T-cell activation 932:948 Upon T-cell activation, sialoglycan expression shifted from Neu5Gc to Neu5Ac, and the linkage shifted from α2,6 to α2,3. 24297165 12 18 theme α2,3 1649:1652 arg1 linkages 1654:1661 α2,3 linkages 1649:1661 α2,3 linkages 1649:1661 Our results suggest that an activation-dependent shift from Neu5Gc to Neu5Ac and replacement of α2,6 by α2,3 linkages may regulate immune cell interactions at several levels. 24297165 6 19 theme Sia 868:870 arg1 species 872:878 the Sia species 864:878 the Sia species expressed 864:888 In the present work, we used various probes to examine sialoglycan expression by activated T cells in terms of the Sia species expressed and the linkages of Sias to glycans. 24297165 11 20 theme expression 1428:1437 arg1 Suppression 1406:1416 Suppression 1406:1416 Suppression of Neu5Gc expression in mouse T and B cells 1406:1460 Suppression of Neu5Gc expression in mouse T and B cells prevented the development of nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions. 24297165 2 21 theme acidic 245:250 arg1 Sias 224:227 Sias 224:227 Sias 224:227 Sias are nine-carbon acidic sugars, and, in vertebrates, the major species are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), differing in structure at the C5 position. 24297165 2 21 theme acidic 245:250 arg1 sugars 252:257 nine-carbon acidic sugars 233:257 nine-carbon acidic sugars 233:257 Sias are nine-carbon acidic sugars, and, in vertebrates, the major species are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), differing in structure at the C5 position. 24297165 11 22 from cells 1456:1460 arg1 Suppression 1406:1416 Suppression 1406:1416 Suppression of Neu5Gc expression in mouse T and B cells 1406:1460 Suppression of Neu5Gc expression in mouse T and B cells prevented the development of nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions. 24297165 0 23 theme T 92:92 arg1 cells 94:98 T cells 92:98 T cells 92:98 Functional evaluation of activation-dependent alterations in the sialoglycan composition of T cells. 24297165 12 24 theme α2,6 1641:1644 arg1 replacement 1626:1636 replacement 1626:1636 replacement of α2,6 by α2,3 linkages 1626:1661 Our results suggest that an activation-dependent shift from Neu5Gc to Neu5Ac and replacement of α2,6 by α2,3 linkages may regulate immune cell interactions at several levels. 24297165 12 24 theme α2,6 1641:1644 arg1 Neu5Ac 1615:1620 Neu5Ac 1615:1620 Neu5Ac 1615:1620 Our results suggest that an activation-dependent shift from Neu5Gc to Neu5Ac and replacement of α2,6 by α2,3 linkages may regulate immune cell interactions at several levels. 24297165 11 25 theme B 1454:1454 arg1 cells 1456:1460 mouse T and B cells 1442:1460 cells 1456:1460 Suppression of Neu5Gc expression in mouse T and B cells prevented the development of nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions. 24297165 11 26 theme mouse 1442:1446 arg1 T 1448:1448 mouse T and B cells 1442:1460 T 1448:1448 Suppression of Neu5Gc expression in mouse T and B cells prevented the development of nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions. 24297165 2 27 theme C5 406:407 arg1 position 409:416 the C5 position 402:416 the C5 position 402:416 Sias are nine-carbon acidic sugars, and, in vertebrates, the major species are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), differing in structure at the C5 position. 24297165 0 28 from alterations 46:56 arg1 composition 77:87 the sialoglycan composition 61:87 the sialoglycan composition of T cells 61:98 Functional evaluation of activation-dependent alterations in the sialoglycan composition of T cells. 24297165 10 29 theme marker 1387:1392 arg1 expression 1394:1403 activation marker expression 1376:1403 activation marker expression 1376:1403 Neu5Gc exerted a negative effect on T-cell activation, both in terms of the proliferative response and in the context of activation marker expression. 24297165 6 30 used used 777:780 arg2 we 774:775 we 774:775 we 774:775 In the present work, we used various probes to examine sialoglycan expression by activated T cells in terms of the Sia species expressed and the linkages of Sias to glycans. 24297165 1 31 theme Sialic 101:106 arg1 Sias 115:118 Sias 115:118 Sias 115:118 Sialic acids (Sias) are often conjugated to the termini of cellular glycans and are key mediators of cellular recognition. 24297165 1 31 theme Sialic 101:106 arg1 acids 108:112 Sialic acids 101:112 Sialic acids (Sias) 101:119 Sialic acids (Sias) are often conjugated to the termini of cellular glycans and are key mediators of cellular recognition. 24297165 6 32 from linkages 898:905 arg1 terms 855:859 terms 855:859 terms of the Sia species expressed 855:888 In the present work, we used various probes to examine sialoglycan expression by activated T cells in terms of the Sia species expressed and the linkages of Sias to glycans. 24297165 11 33 from expression 1428:1437 arg1 T 1448:1448 mouse T and B cells 1442:1460 T 1448:1448 Suppression of Neu5Gc expression in mouse T and B cells prevented the development of nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions. 24297165 11 33 from expression 1428:1437 arg1 cells 1456:1460 mouse T and B cells 1442:1460 cells 1456:1460 Suppression of Neu5Gc expression in mouse T and B cells prevented the development of nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions. 24297165 2 34 from sugars 252:257 arg1 vertebrates 268:278 vertebrates 268:278 vertebrates 268:278 Sias are nine-carbon acidic sugars, and, in vertebrates, the major species are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), differing in structure at the C5 position. 24297165 0 35 theme alterations 46:56 arg1 evaluation 11:20 Functional evaluation 0:20 Functional evaluation of activation-dependent alterations in the sialoglycan composition of T cells 0:98 Functional evaluation of activation-dependent alterations in the sialoglycan composition of T cells. 24297165 2 36 from acid 361:364 arg1 vertebrates 268:278 vertebrates 268:278 vertebrates 268:278 Sias are nine-carbon acidic sugars, and, in vertebrates, the major species are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), differing in structure at the C5 position. 24297165 10 37 theme negative 1272:1279 arg1 effect 1281:1286 a negative effect 1270:1286 a negative effect on T-cell activation 1270:1307 Neu5Gc exerted a negative effect on T-cell activation, both in terms of the proliferative response and in the context of activation marker expression. 24297165 11 38 theme cell-B 1519:1524 arg1 interactions 1531:1542 nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions 1491:1542 nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions 1491:1542 Suppression of Neu5Gc expression in mouse T and B cells prevented the development of nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions. 24297165 1 39 theme cellular 202:209 arg1 recognition 211:221 cellular recognition 202:221 cellular recognition 202:221 Sialic acids (Sias) are often conjugated to the termini of cellular glycans and are key mediators of cellular recognition. 24297165 3 40 theme feedback 455:462 arg1 loop 464:467 a positive feedback loop 444:467 a positive feedback loop involving regulation of Neu5Gc expression in mouse B cells 444:526 Previously, we described a positive feedback loop involving regulation of Neu5Gc expression in mouse B cells. 24297165 12 41 theme several 1704:1710 arg1 levels 1712:1717 several levels 1704:1717 several levels 1704:1717 Our results suggest that an activation-dependent shift from Neu5Gc to Neu5Ac and replacement of α2,6 by α2,3 linkages may regulate immune cell interactions at several levels. 24297165 11 42 theme CD22-mediated 1503:1515 arg1 interactions 1531:1542 nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions 1491:1542 nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions 1491:1542 Suppression of Neu5Gc expression in mouse T and B cells prevented the development of nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions. 24297165 3 43 theme expression 500:509 arg1 regulation 479:488 regulation 479:488 regulation of Neu5Gc expression in mouse B cells 479:526 Previously, we described a positive feedback loop involving regulation of Neu5Gc expression in mouse B cells. 24297165 8 44 theme expression 1074:1083 arg1 levels 1085:1090 the expression levels 1070:1090 the expression levels of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec) ligands 1070:1157 These changes altered the expression levels of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec) ligands. 24297165 11 45 theme interactions 1531:1542 arg1 development 1476:1486 the development 1472:1486 the development of nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions 1472:1542 Suppression of Neu5Gc expression in mouse T and B cells prevented the development of nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions. 24297165 2 46 from acid 322:325 arg1 vertebrates 268:278 vertebrates 268:278 vertebrates 268:278 Sias are nine-carbon acidic sugars, and, in vertebrates, the major species are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), differing in structure at the C5 position. 24297165 3 47 from regulation 479:488 arg1 cells 522:526 mouse B cells 514:526 mouse B cells 514:526 Previously, we described a positive feedback loop involving regulation of Neu5Gc expression in mouse B cells. 24297165 6 48 theme activated 834:842 arg1 cells 846:850 activated T cells 834:850 activated T cells 834:850 In the present work, we used various probes to examine sialoglycan expression by activated T cells in terms of the Sia species expressed and the linkages of Sias to glycans. 24297165 12 49 theme immune 1676:1681 arg1 interactions 1688:1699 immune cell interactions 1676:1699 immune cell interactions 1676:1699 Our results suggest that an activation-dependent shift from Neu5Gc to Neu5Ac and replacement of α2,6 by α2,3 linkages may regulate immune cell interactions at several levels. 24297165 10 50 theme response 1345:1352 arg1 terms 1318:1322 terms 1318:1322 terms of the proliferative response 1318:1352 Neu5Gc exerted a negative effect on T-cell activation, both in terms of the proliferative response and in the context of activation marker expression. 24297165 2 51 theme major 285:289 arg1 species 291:297 the major species 281:297 the major species 281:297 Sias are nine-carbon acidic sugars, and, in vertebrates, the major species are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), differing in structure at the C5 position. 24297165 2 51 theme major 285:289 arg1 acid 322:325 N-acetylneuraminic acid 303:325 N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) 303:334 Sias are nine-carbon acidic sugars, and, in vertebrates, the major species are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), differing in structure at the C5 position. 24297165 1 52 theme glycans 169:175 arg1 termini 149:155 the termini 145:155 the termini of cellular glycans 145:175 Sialic acids (Sias) are often conjugated to the termini of cellular glycans and are key mediators of cellular recognition. 24297165 8 53 theme acid-binding 1102:1113 arg1 ligands 1151:1157 sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec) ligands 1095:1157 sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec) ligands 1095:1157 These changes altered the expression levels of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec) ligands. 24297165 6 54 theme Sias 910:913 arg1 linkages 898:905 the linkages 894:905 the linkages of Sias to glycans 894:924 In the present work, we used various probes to examine sialoglycan expression by activated T cells in terms of the Sia species expressed and the linkages of Sias to glycans. 24297165 6 54 theme Sias 910:913 arg1 expression 820:829 sialoglycan expression 808:829 sialoglycan expression by activated T cells in terms of the Sia species expressed 808:888 In the present work, we used various probes to examine sialoglycan expression by activated T cells in terms of the Sia species expressed and the linkages of Sias to glycans. 24297165 7 55 dep α2,3 1042:1045 arg1 to 1039:1040 to 1039:1040 to 1039:1040 Upon T-cell activation, sialoglycan expression shifted from Neu5Gc to Neu5Ac, and the linkage shifted from α2,6 to α2,3. 24297165 5 56 theme resting 661:667 arg1 cells 677:681 resting mouse T cells 661:681 resting mouse T cells 661:681 Similarly, resting mouse T cells expressed principally Neu5Gc, and Neu5Ac was induced upon activation. 24297165 3 57 theme mouse 514:518 arg1 cells 522:526 mouse B cells 514:526 mouse B cells 514:526 Previously, we described a positive feedback loop involving regulation of Neu5Gc expression in mouse B cells. 24297165 8 58 theme lectin 1135:1140 arg1 ligands 1151:1157 sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec) ligands 1095:1157 sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec) ligands 1095:1157 These changes altered the expression levels of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec) ligands. 24297165 2 59 theme N-acetylneuraminic 303:320 arg1 Neu5Ac 328:333 Neu5Ac 328:333 Neu5Ac 328:333 Sias are nine-carbon acidic sugars, and, in vertebrates, the major species are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), differing in structure at the C5 position. 24297165 2 59 theme N-acetylneuraminic 303:320 arg1 species 291:297 the major species 281:297 the major species 281:297 Sias are nine-carbon acidic sugars, and, in vertebrates, the major species are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), differing in structure at the C5 position. 24297165 2 59 theme N-acetylneuraminic 303:320 arg1 acid 322:325 N-acetylneuraminic acid 303:325 N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) 303:334 Sias are nine-carbon acidic sugars, and, in vertebrates, the major species are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), differing in structure at the C5 position. 24297165 5 60 theme T 675:675 arg1 cells 677:681 resting mouse T cells 661:681 resting mouse T cells 661:681 Similarly, resting mouse T cells expressed principally Neu5Gc, and Neu5Ac was induced upon activation. 24297165 8 61 theme siglec 1143:1148 arg1 ligands 1151:1157 sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec) ligands 1095:1157 sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec) ligands 1095:1157 These changes altered the expression levels of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec) ligands. 24297165 6 62 from expression 820:829 arg1 terms 855:859 terms 855:859 terms of the Sia species expressed 855:888 In the present work, we used various probes to examine sialoglycan expression by activated T cells in terms of the Sia species expressed and the linkages of Sias to glycans. 24297165 7 63 theme sialoglycan 951:961 arg1 expression 963:972 sialoglycan expression 951:972 sialoglycan expression 951:972 Upon T-cell activation, sialoglycan expression shifted from Neu5Gc to Neu5Ac, and the linkage shifted from α2,6 to α2,3. 24297165 8 64 theme ligands 1151:1157 arg1 levels 1085:1090 the expression levels 1070:1090 the expression levels of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec) ligands 1070:1157 These changes altered the expression levels of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec) ligands. 24297165 6 65 theme species 872:878 arg1 terms 855:859 terms 855:859 terms of the Sia species expressed 855:888 In the present work, we used various probes to examine sialoglycan expression by activated T cells in terms of the Sia species expressed and the linkages of Sias to glycans. 24297165 11 66 theme Neu5Gc 1421:1426 arg1 expression 1428:1437 Neu5Gc expression 1421:1437 Neu5Gc expression in mouse T and B cells 1421:1460 Suppression of Neu5Gc expression in mouse T and B cells prevented the development of nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions. 24297165 9 67 theme ligands 1200:1206 arg1 Expression 1160:1169 Expression 1160:1169 Expression of sialoadhesin and Siglec-F ligands 1160:1206 Expression of sialoadhesin and Siglec-F ligands increased, and that of CD22 ligands decreased. 24297165 2 68 theme nine-carbon 233:243 arg1 Sias 224:227 Sias 224:227 Sias 224:227 Sias are nine-carbon acidic sugars, and, in vertebrates, the major species are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), differing in structure at the C5 position. 24297165 2 68 theme nine-carbon 233:243 arg1 sugars 252:257 nine-carbon acidic sugars 233:257 nine-carbon acidic sugars 233:257 Sias are nine-carbon acidic sugars, and, in vertebrates, the major species are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), differing in structure at the C5 position. 24297165 0 69 theme cells 94:98 arg1 composition 77:87 the sialoglycan composition 61:87 the sialoglycan composition of T cells 61:98 Functional evaluation of activation-dependent alterations in the sialoglycan composition of T cells. 24297165 0 70 from evaluation 11:20 arg1 composition 77:87 the sialoglycan composition 61:87 the sialoglycan composition of T cells 61:98 Functional evaluation of activation-dependent alterations in the sialoglycan composition of T cells. 24297165 9 71 theme CD22 1231:1234 arg1 ligands 1236:1242 CD22 ligands 1231:1242 CD22 ligands 1231:1242 Expression of sialoadhesin and Siglec-F ligands increased, and that of CD22 ligands decreased. 24297165 0 72 theme Functional 0:9 arg1 evaluation 11:20 Functional evaluation 0:20 Functional evaluation of activation-dependent alterations in the sialoglycan composition of T cells 0:98 Functional evaluation of activation-dependent alterations in the sialoglycan composition of T cells. 24297165 11 73 from T 1448:1448 arg1 Suppression 1406:1416 Suppression 1406:1416 Suppression of Neu5Gc expression in mouse T and B cells 1406:1460 Suppression of Neu5Gc expression in mouse T and B cells prevented the development of nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions. 24297165 10 74 theme expression 1394:1403 arg1 context 1365:1371 the context 1361:1371 the context of activation marker expression 1361:1403 Neu5Gc exerted a negative effect on T-cell activation, both in terms of the proliferative response and in the context of activation marker expression. 24297165 11 75 from Suppression 1406:1416 arg1 T 1448:1448 mouse T and B cells 1442:1460 T 1448:1448 Suppression of Neu5Gc expression in mouse T and B cells prevented the development of nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions. 24297165 11 75 from Suppression 1406:1416 arg1 cells 1456:1460 mouse T and B cells 1442:1460 cells 1456:1460 Suppression of Neu5Gc expression in mouse T and B cells prevented the development of nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions. 24297165 10 76 from effect 1281:1286 arg1 activation 1298:1307 T-cell activation 1291:1307 T-cell activation 1291:1307 Neu5Gc exerted a negative effect on T-cell activation, both in terms of the proliferative response and in the context of activation marker expression. 24297165 10 77 theme activation 1376:1385 arg1 expression 1394:1403 activation marker expression 1376:1403 activation marker expression 1376:1403 Neu5Gc exerted a negative effect on T-cell activation, both in terms of the proliferative response and in the context of activation marker expression. 24297165 2 78 theme N-glycolylneuraminic 340:359 arg1 Neu5Gc 367:372 Neu5Gc 367:372 Neu5Gc 367:372 Sias are nine-carbon acidic sugars, and, in vertebrates, the major species are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), differing in structure at the C5 position. 24297165 2 78 theme N-glycolylneuraminic 340:359 arg1 acid 361:364 N-glycolylneuraminic acid 340:364 N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) 340:373 Sias are nine-carbon acidic sugars, and, in vertebrates, the major species are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), differing in structure at the C5 position. 24297165 0 79 theme activation-dependent 25:44 arg1 alterations 46:56 activation-dependent alterations 25:56 activation-dependent alterations in the sialoglycan composition of T cells 25:98 Functional evaluation of activation-dependent alterations in the sialoglycan composition of T cells. 24297165 6 80 theme sialoglycan 808:818 arg1 expression 820:829 sialoglycan expression 808:829 sialoglycan expression by activated T cells in terms of the Sia species expressed 808:888 In the present work, we used various probes to examine sialoglycan expression by activated T cells in terms of the Sia species expressed and the linkages of Sias to glycans. 24297165 12 81 theme activation-dependent 1573:1592 arg1 shift 1594:1598 an activation-dependent shift 1570:1598 an activation-dependent shift from Neu5Gc to Neu5Ac and replacement of α2,6 by α2,3 linkages 1570:1661 Our results suggest that an activation-dependent shift from Neu5Gc to Neu5Ac and replacement of α2,6 by α2,3 linkages may regulate immune cell interactions at several levels. 24297165 11 82 theme cell 1526:1529 arg1 interactions 1531:1542 nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions 1491:1542 nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions 1491:1542 Suppression of Neu5Gc expression in mouse T and B cells prevented the development of nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions. 24297165 0 83 theme sialoglycan 65:75 arg1 composition 77:87 the sialoglycan composition 61:87 the sialoglycan composition of T cells 61:98 Functional evaluation of activation-dependent alterations in the sialoglycan composition of T cells. 24297165 11 84 theme T 1517:1517 arg1 interactions 1531:1542 nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions 1491:1542 nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions 1491:1542 Suppression of Neu5Gc expression in mouse T and B cells prevented the development of nonspecific CD22-mediated T cell-B cell interactions. 24297165 3 85 theme positive 446:453 arg1 loop 464:467 a positive feedback loop 444:467 a positive feedback loop involving regulation of Neu5Gc expression in mouse B cells 444:526 Previously, we described a positive feedback loop involving regulation of Neu5Gc expression in mouse B cells. 24297165 6 86 theme various 782:788 arg1 probes 790:795 various probes 782:795 various probes 782:795 In the present work, we used various probes to examine sialoglycan expression by activated T cells in terms of the Sia species expressed and the linkages of Sias to glycans. 24297165 1 87 theme recognition 211:221 arg1 mediators 189:197 key mediators 185:197 key mediators of cellular recognition 185:221 Sialic acids (Sias) are often conjugated to the termini of cellular glycans and are key mediators of cellular recognition. 24297165 4 88 theme B-cell 574:579 arg1 proliferation 581:593 B-cell proliferation 574:593 B-cell proliferation 574:593 In this context, Neu5Gc negatively regulated B-cell proliferation, and Neu5Gc expression was suppressed upon activation. 24297165 10 89 theme T-cell 1291:1296 arg1 activation 1298:1307 T-cell activation 1291:1307 T-cell activation 1291:1307 Neu5Gc exerted a negative effect on T-cell activation, both in terms of the proliferative response and in the context of activation marker expression. 28274453 3 0 link glycosidically-linked 447:467 arg1 compounds 478:486 glycosidically-linked phenolic compounds 447:486 glycosidically-linked phenolic compounds 447:486 In this study, glycosidically-linked phenolic compounds were quantified in coffee melanoidins, the polymeric nitrogenous brown-colored compounds formed during roasting, defined as end-products of Maillard reaction. 28274453 1 1 theme transglycosylation 262:279 arg1 reactions 281:289 non-enzymatic transglycosylation reactions 248:289 non-enzymatic transglycosylation reactions (TGRs) 248:296 Under roasting conditions, polysaccharides depolymerize and also are able to polymerize, forming new polymers through non-enzymatic transglycosylation reactions (TGRs). 28274453 1 1 theme transglycosylation 262:279 arg1 TGRs 292:295 TGRs 292:295 TGRs 292:295 Under roasting conditions, polysaccharides depolymerize and also are able to polymerize, forming new polymers through non-enzymatic transglycosylation reactions (TGRs). 28274453 0 2 theme coffee 77:82 arg1 melanoidins 84:94 coffee melanoidins 77:94 coffee melanoidins 77:94 Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: Inhibition by Maillard reaction. 28274453 5 3 theme beans 785:789 arg1 composition 791:801 coffee beans composition 778:801 coffee beans composition 778:801 In addition, the roasting of solid-state mixtures mimicking coffee beans composition allowed the conclusion that proteins play a regulatory role in TGRs extension and, consequently, modulate melanoidins composition. 28274453 4 4 theme glycosidically-linked 690:710 arg1 form 712:715 glycosidically-linked form 690:715 glycosidically-linked form 690:715 One third of the phenolics present were in glycosidically-linked form. 28274453 0 5 theme Maillard 111:118 arg1 reaction 120:127 Maillard reaction 111:127 Maillard reaction 111:127 Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: Inhibition by Maillard reaction. 28274453 3 6 theme brown-colored 553:565 arg1 melanoidins 514:524 coffee melanoidins 507:524 coffee melanoidins 507:524 In this study, glycosidically-linked phenolic compounds were quantified in coffee melanoidins, the polymeric nitrogenous brown-colored compounds formed during roasting, defined as end-products of Maillard reaction. 28274453 3 6 theme brown-colored 553:565 arg1 compounds 567:575 the polymeric nitrogenous brown-colored compounds 527:575 the polymeric nitrogenous brown-colored compounds formed during roasting 527:598 In this study, glycosidically-linked phenolic compounds were quantified in coffee melanoidins, the polymeric nitrogenous brown-colored compounds formed during roasting, defined as end-products of Maillard reaction. 28274453 2 7 theme consumed 404:411 arg1 foods 413:417 daily consumed foods 398:417 daily consumed foods like coffee 398:429 TGRs can also occur between carbohydrates and aglycones, such as the phenolic compounds present in daily consumed foods like coffee. 28274453 5 8 theme regulatory 847:856 arg1 role 858:861 a regulatory role 845:861 a regulatory role 845:861 In addition, the roasting of solid-state mixtures mimicking coffee beans composition allowed the conclusion that proteins play a regulatory role in TGRs extension and, consequently, modulate melanoidins composition. 28274453 0 9 from mechanism 37:45 arg1 melanoidins 84:94 coffee melanoidins 77:94 coffee melanoidins 77:94 Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: Inhibition by Maillard reaction. 28274453 6 10 from melanoidins 1032:1042 arg1 mechanism 992:1000 a main mechanism 985:1000 a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in melanoidins 985:1042 Overall, the results obtained showed that TGRs are a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in melanoidins and are inhibited by amino groups through Maillard reaction. 28274453 6 10 from melanoidins 1032:1042 arg1 TGRs 976:979 TGRs 976:979 TGRs 976:979 Overall, the results obtained showed that TGRs are a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in melanoidins and are inhibited by amino groups through Maillard reaction. 28274453 5 11 theme melanoidins 909:919 arg1 composition 921:931 melanoidins composition 909:931 melanoidins composition 909:931 In addition, the roasting of solid-state mixtures mimicking coffee beans composition allowed the conclusion that proteins play a regulatory role in TGRs extension and, consequently, modulate melanoidins composition. 28274453 0 12 theme Transglycosylation 0:17 arg1 mechanism 37:45 a main mechanism 30:45 a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins 30:94 Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: Inhibition by Maillard reaction. 28274453 0 12 theme Transglycosylation 0:17 arg1 reactions 19:27 Transglycosylation reactions 0:27 Transglycosylation reactions 0:27 Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: Inhibition by Maillard reaction. 28274453 5 13 dep play 840:843 arg1 modulate 900:907 modulate 900:907 modulate melanoidins composition 900:931 In addition, the roasting of solid-state mixtures mimicking coffee beans composition allowed the conclusion that proteins play a regulatory role in TGRs extension and, consequently, modulate melanoidins composition. 28274453 2 14 theme present 387:393 arg1 compounds 377:385 the phenolic compounds 364:385 the phenolic compounds present in daily consumed foods like coffee 364:429 TGRs can also occur between carbohydrates and aglycones, such as the phenolic compounds present in daily consumed foods like coffee. 28274453 5 15 theme TGRs 866:869 arg1 extension 871:879 TGRs extension 866:879 TGRs extension 866:879 In addition, the roasting of solid-state mixtures mimicking coffee beans composition allowed the conclusion that proteins play a regulatory role in TGRs extension and, consequently, modulate melanoidins composition. 28274453 6 16 theme incorporation 1015:1027 arg1 mechanism 992:1000 a main mechanism 985:1000 a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in melanoidins 985:1042 Overall, the results obtained showed that TGRs are a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in melanoidins and are inhibited by amino groups through Maillard reaction. 28274453 6 16 theme incorporation 1015:1027 arg1 TGRs 976:979 TGRs 976:979 TGRs 976:979 Overall, the results obtained showed that TGRs are a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in melanoidins and are inhibited by amino groups through Maillard reaction. 28274453 4 17 theme phenolics 664:672 arg1 present 674:680 the phenolics present 660:680 the phenolics present 660:680 One third of the phenolics present were in glycosidically-linked form. 28274453 6 18 theme phenolics 1005:1013 arg1 incorporation 1015:1027 phenolics incorporation 1005:1027 phenolics incorporation in melanoidins 1005:1042 Overall, the results obtained showed that TGRs are a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in melanoidins and are inhibited by amino groups through Maillard reaction. 28274453 6 19 from incorporation 1015:1027 arg1 melanoidins 1032:1042 melanoidins 1032:1042 melanoidins 1032:1042 Overall, the results obtained showed that TGRs are a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in melanoidins and are inhibited by amino groups through Maillard reaction. 28274453 5 20 theme solid-state 747:757 arg1 mixtures 759:766 solid-state mixtures 747:766 solid-state mixtures mimicking coffee beans composition 747:801 In addition, the roasting of solid-state mixtures mimicking coffee beans composition allowed the conclusion that proteins play a regulatory role in TGRs extension and, consequently, modulate melanoidins composition. 28274453 3 21 theme Maillard 628:635 arg1 reaction 637:644 Maillard reaction 628:644 Maillard reaction 628:644 In this study, glycosidically-linked phenolic compounds were quantified in coffee melanoidins, the polymeric nitrogenous brown-colored compounds formed during roasting, defined as end-products of Maillard reaction. 28274453 3 22 theme glycosidically-linked 447:467 arg1 compounds 478:486 glycosidically-linked phenolic compounds 447:486 glycosidically-linked phenolic compounds 447:486 In this study, glycosidically-linked phenolic compounds were quantified in coffee melanoidins, the polymeric nitrogenous brown-colored compounds formed during roasting, defined as end-products of Maillard reaction. 28274453 0 23 theme main 32:35 arg1 mechanism 37:45 a main mechanism 30:45 a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins 30:94 Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: Inhibition by Maillard reaction. 28274453 0 23 theme main 32:35 arg1 reactions 19:27 Transglycosylation reactions 0:27 Transglycosylation reactions 0:27 Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: Inhibition by Maillard reaction. 28274453 5 24 theme mixtures 759:766 arg1 roasting 735:742 the roasting 731:742 the roasting of solid-state mixtures mimicking coffee beans composition 731:801 In addition, the roasting of solid-state mixtures mimicking coffee beans composition allowed the conclusion that proteins play a regulatory role in TGRs extension and, consequently, modulate melanoidins composition. 28274453 3 25 theme reaction 637:644 arg1 end-products 612:623 end-products 612:623 end-products of Maillard reaction 612:644 In this study, glycosidically-linked phenolic compounds were quantified in coffee melanoidins, the polymeric nitrogenous brown-colored compounds formed during roasting, defined as end-products of Maillard reaction. 28274453 3 26 theme phenolic 469:476 arg1 compounds 478:486 glycosidically-linked phenolic compounds 447:486 glycosidically-linked phenolic compounds 447:486 In this study, glycosidically-linked phenolic compounds were quantified in coffee melanoidins, the polymeric nitrogenous brown-colored compounds formed during roasting, defined as end-products of Maillard reaction. 28274453 0 27 theme phenolics 50:58 arg1 incorporation 60:72 phenolics incorporation 50:72 phenolics incorporation 50:72 Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: Inhibition by Maillard reaction. 28274453 6 28 theme main 987:990 arg1 mechanism 992:1000 a main mechanism 985:1000 a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in melanoidins 985:1042 Overall, the results obtained showed that TGRs are a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in melanoidins and are inhibited by amino groups through Maillard reaction. 28274453 6 28 theme main 987:990 arg1 TGRs 976:979 TGRs 976:979 TGRs 976:979 Overall, the results obtained showed that TGRs are a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in melanoidins and are inhibited by amino groups through Maillard reaction. 28274453 6 29 theme Maillard 1086:1093 arg1 reaction 1095:1102 Maillard reaction 1086:1102 Maillard reaction 1086:1102 Overall, the results obtained showed that TGRs are a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in melanoidins and are inhibited by amino groups through Maillard reaction. 28274453 4 30 link glycosidically-linked 690:710 arg1 form 712:715 glycosidically-linked form 690:715 glycosidically-linked form 690:715 One third of the phenolics present were in glycosidically-linked form. 28274453 2 31 from present 387:393 arg1 foods 413:417 daily consumed foods 398:417 daily consumed foods like coffee 398:429 TGRs can also occur between carbohydrates and aglycones, such as the phenolic compounds present in daily consumed foods like coffee. 28274453 3 32 theme coffee 507:512 arg1 melanoidins 514:524 coffee melanoidins 507:524 coffee melanoidins 507:524 In this study, glycosidically-linked phenolic compounds were quantified in coffee melanoidins, the polymeric nitrogenous brown-colored compounds formed during roasting, defined as end-products of Maillard reaction. 28274453 3 32 theme coffee 507:512 arg1 compounds 567:575 the polymeric nitrogenous brown-colored compounds 527:575 the polymeric nitrogenous brown-colored compounds formed during roasting 527:598 In this study, glycosidically-linked phenolic compounds were quantified in coffee melanoidins, the polymeric nitrogenous brown-colored compounds formed during roasting, defined as end-products of Maillard reaction. 28274453 2 33 theme phenolic 368:375 arg1 compounds 377:385 the phenolic compounds 364:385 the phenolic compounds present in daily consumed foods like coffee 364:429 TGRs can also occur between carbohydrates and aglycones, such as the phenolic compounds present in daily consumed foods like coffee. 28274453 6 34 from mechanism 992:1000 arg1 melanoidins 1032:1042 melanoidins 1032:1042 melanoidins 1032:1042 Overall, the results obtained showed that TGRs are a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in melanoidins and are inhibited by amino groups through Maillard reaction. 28274453 1 35 theme new 227:229 arg1 polymers 231:238 new polymers 227:238 new polymers 227:238 Under roasting conditions, polysaccharides depolymerize and also are able to polymerize, forming new polymers through non-enzymatic transglycosylation reactions (TGRs). 28274453 2 36 attach present 387:393 arg2 compounds 377:385 the phenolic compounds 364:385 the phenolic compounds present in daily consumed foods like coffee 364:429 TGRs can also occur between carbohydrates and aglycones, such as the phenolic compounds present in daily consumed foods like coffee. 28274453 2 36 attach present 387:393 arg1 foods 413:417 daily consumed foods 398:417 daily consumed foods like coffee 398:429 TGRs can also occur between carbohydrates and aglycones, such as the phenolic compounds present in daily consumed foods like coffee. 28274453 1 37 theme roasting 136:143 arg1 conditions 145:154 roasting conditions 136:154 roasting conditions 136:154 Under roasting conditions, polysaccharides depolymerize and also are able to polymerize, forming new polymers through non-enzymatic transglycosylation reactions (TGRs). 28274453 4 38 theme present 674:680 arg1 third 651:655 third 651:655 third 651:655 One third of the phenolics present were in glycosidically-linked form. 28274453 0 39 dep reactions 19:27 arg1 Inhibition 97:106 Inhibition 97:106 Inhibition by Maillard reaction 97:127 Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: Inhibition by Maillard reaction. 28274453 2 40 from foods 413:417 arg1 present 387:393 present 387:393 present 387:393 TGRs can also occur between carbohydrates and aglycones, such as the phenolic compounds present in daily consumed foods like coffee. 28274453 3 41 theme polymeric 531:539 arg1 melanoidins 514:524 coffee melanoidins 507:524 coffee melanoidins 507:524 In this study, glycosidically-linked phenolic compounds were quantified in coffee melanoidins, the polymeric nitrogenous brown-colored compounds formed during roasting, defined as end-products of Maillard reaction. 28274453 3 41 theme polymeric 531:539 arg1 compounds 567:575 the polymeric nitrogenous brown-colored compounds 527:575 the polymeric nitrogenous brown-colored compounds formed during roasting 527:598 In this study, glycosidically-linked phenolic compounds were quantified in coffee melanoidins, the polymeric nitrogenous brown-colored compounds formed during roasting, defined as end-products of Maillard reaction. 28274453 6 42 theme amino 1065:1069 arg1 groups 1071:1076 amino groups 1065:1076 amino groups 1065:1076 Overall, the results obtained showed that TGRs are a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in melanoidins and are inhibited by amino groups through Maillard reaction. 28274453 0 43 theme incorporation 60:72 arg1 mechanism 37:45 a main mechanism 30:45 a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins 30:94 Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: Inhibition by Maillard reaction. 28274453 0 43 theme incorporation 60:72 arg1 reactions 19:27 Transglycosylation reactions 0:27 Transglycosylation reactions 0:27 Transglycosylation reactions, a main mechanism of phenolics incorporation in coffee melanoidins: Inhibition by Maillard reaction. 28274453 3 44 theme nitrogenous 541:551 arg1 melanoidins 514:524 coffee melanoidins 507:524 coffee melanoidins 507:524 In this study, glycosidically-linked phenolic compounds were quantified in coffee melanoidins, the polymeric nitrogenous brown-colored compounds formed during roasting, defined as end-products of Maillard reaction. 28274453 3 44 theme nitrogenous 541:551 arg1 compounds 567:575 the polymeric nitrogenous brown-colored compounds 527:575 the polymeric nitrogenous brown-colored compounds formed during roasting 527:598 In this study, glycosidically-linked phenolic compounds were quantified in coffee melanoidins, the polymeric nitrogenous brown-colored compounds formed during roasting, defined as end-products of Maillard reaction. 28274453 1 45 theme non-enzymatic 248:260 arg1 reactions 281:289 non-enzymatic transglycosylation reactions 248:289 non-enzymatic transglycosylation reactions (TGRs) 248:296 Under roasting conditions, polysaccharides depolymerize and also are able to polymerize, forming new polymers through non-enzymatic transglycosylation reactions (TGRs). 28274453 1 45 theme non-enzymatic 248:260 arg1 TGRs 292:295 TGRs 292:295 TGRs 292:295 Under roasting conditions, polysaccharides depolymerize and also are able to polymerize, forming new polymers through non-enzymatic transglycosylation reactions (TGRs). 26018298 4 0 theme YE 628:629 arg1 composition 631:641 YE composition 628:641 YE composition 628:641 Then, the analyses of YE composition highlighted the presence of molecules such as amino acids, vitamins, salts, nucleobase, and glucose that were contained in reference medium, while others including peptides, trehalose, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids were not. 26018298 2 1 theme compounds 320:328 arg1 nature 307:312 the nature 303:312 the nature of YE compounds involved in the improvement of recombinant CHO cell growth and IgG production 303:406 Accordingly, in the present study, the nature of YE compounds involved in the improvement of recombinant CHO cell growth and IgG production was investigated. 26018298 0 2 theme CHO 93:95 arg1 improvement 110:120 CHO cell culture improvement 93:120 CHO cell culture improvement 93:120 Fractionation of yeast extract by nanofiltration process to assess key compounds involved in CHO cell culture improvement. 26018298 8 3 theme cell 1332:1335 arg1 metabolism 1347:1356 cell energetic metabolism 1332:1356 cell energetic metabolism underlined that dipeptides and tripeptides in permeate 1332:1411 Additional studies on cell energetic metabolism underlined that dipeptides and tripeptides in permeate were used as an efficient source of nitrogenous substrates. 26018298 1 4 theme process 247:253 arg1 reliability 255:265 process reliability 247:265 process reliability 247:265 Yeast extract (YE) is known to greatly enhance mammalian cell culture performances, but its undefined composition decreases process reliability. 26018298 4 5 theme nucleic 849:855 arg1 acids 857:861 nucleic acids 849:861 nucleic acids 849:861 Then, the analyses of YE composition highlighted the presence of molecules such as amino acids, vitamins, salts, nucleobase, and glucose that were contained in reference medium, while others including peptides, trehalose, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids were not. 26018298 4 6 theme amino 689:693 arg1 acids 695:699 amino acids 689:699 amino acids 689:699 Then, the analyses of YE composition highlighted the presence of molecules such as amino acids, vitamins, salts, nucleobase, and glucose that were contained in reference medium, while others including peptides, trehalose, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids were not. 26018298 8 7 from studies 1321:1327 arg1 metabolism 1347:1356 cell energetic metabolism 1332:1356 cell energetic metabolism underlined that dipeptides and tripeptides in permeate 1332:1411 Additional studies on cell energetic metabolism underlined that dipeptides and tripeptides in permeate were used as an efficient source of nitrogenous substrates. 26018298 0 8 theme culture 102:108 arg1 improvement 110:120 CHO cell culture improvement 93:120 CHO cell culture improvement 93:120 Fractionation of yeast extract by nanofiltration process to assess key compounds involved in CHO cell culture improvement. 26018298 8 9 theme efficient 1429:1437 arg1 source 1439:1444 an efficient source 1426:1444 an efficient source of nitrogenous substrates 1426:1470 Additional studies on cell energetic metabolism underlined that dipeptides and tripeptides in permeate were used as an efficient source of nitrogenous substrates. 26018298 8 9 theme efficient 1429:1437 arg1 studies 1321:1327 Additional studies 1310:1327 Additional studies on cell energetic metabolism underlined that dipeptides and tripeptides in permeate 1310:1411 Additional studies on cell energetic metabolism underlined that dipeptides and tripeptides in permeate were used as an efficient source of nitrogenous substrates. 26018298 6 10 theme YE 992:993 arg1 molecules 995:1003 The YE molecules 988:1003 The YE molecules already contained in reference medium 988:1041 The YE molecules already contained in reference medium were mainly isolated in the permeate fraction together with trehalose and short peptides, while other molecules were concentrated in the retentate. 26018298 6 11 theme permeate 1071:1078 arg1 fraction 1080:1087 the permeate fraction 1067:1087 the permeate fraction together with trehalose and short peptides 1067:1130 The YE molecules already contained in reference medium were mainly isolated in the permeate fraction together with trehalose and short peptides, while other molecules were concentrated in the retentate. 26018298 2 12 theme CHO 373:375 arg1 growth 382:387 recombinant CHO cell growth 361:387 recombinant CHO cell growth 361:387 Accordingly, in the present study, the nature of YE compounds involved in the improvement of recombinant CHO cell growth and IgG production was investigated. 26018298 0 13 theme cell 97:100 arg1 improvement 110:120 CHO cell culture improvement 93:120 CHO cell culture improvement 93:120 Fractionation of yeast extract by nanofiltration process to assess key compounds involved in CHO cell culture improvement. 26018298 8 14 theme nitrogenous 1449:1459 arg1 substrates 1461:1470 nitrogenous substrates 1449:1470 nitrogenous substrates 1449:1470 Additional studies on cell energetic metabolism underlined that dipeptides and tripeptides in permeate were used as an efficient source of nitrogenous substrates. 26018298 3 15 theme maximal 495:501 arg1 concentrations 503:516 maximal concentrations 495:516 maximal concentrations of viable cells and IgG 495:540 First, the benefits of YE were verified, revealing that it increased maximal concentrations of viable cells and IgG up to 73 and 60%, respectively compared to a reference culture. 26018298 2 16 theme recombinant 361:371 arg1 growth 382:387 recombinant CHO cell growth 361:387 recombinant CHO cell growth 361:387 Accordingly, in the present study, the nature of YE compounds involved in the improvement of recombinant CHO cell growth and IgG production was investigated. 26018298 4 17 theme reference 766:774 arg1 medium 776:781 reference medium 766:781 reference medium 766:781 Then, the analyses of YE composition highlighted the presence of molecules such as amino acids, vitamins, salts, nucleobase, and glucose that were contained in reference medium, while others including peptides, trehalose, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids were not. 26018298 5 18 from effects 958:964 arg1 cultures 978:985 CHO cell cultures 969:985 CHO cell cultures 969:985 Consequently, YE was fractionated by a nanofiltration process to deeper evaluate its effects on CHO cell cultures. 26018298 4 19 theme molecules 671:679 arg1 presence 659:666 the presence 655:666 the presence of molecules such as amino acids, vitamins, salts, nucleobase, and glucose that were contained in reference medium 655:781 Then, the analyses of YE composition highlighted the presence of molecules such as amino acids, vitamins, salts, nucleobase, and glucose that were contained in reference medium, while others including peptides, trehalose, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids were not. 26018298 7 20 from effect 1264:1269 arg1 concentrations 1294:1307 maximal concentrations 1286:1307 maximal concentrations 1286:1307 Permeate, which was free of macromolecules, exhibited a similar positive effect than raw YE on maximal concentrations. 26018298 8 21 used used 1418:1421 arg2 metabolism 1347:1356 cell energetic metabolism 1332:1356 cell energetic metabolism underlined that dipeptides and tripeptides in permeate 1332:1411 Additional studies on cell energetic metabolism underlined that dipeptides and tripeptides in permeate were used as an efficient source of nitrogenous substrates. 26018298 8 21 used used 1418:1421 arg2 source 1439:1444 an efficient source 1426:1444 an efficient source of nitrogenous substrates 1426:1470 Additional studies on cell energetic metabolism underlined that dipeptides and tripeptides in permeate were used as an efficient source of nitrogenous substrates. 26018298 8 21 used used 1418:1421 arg2 studies 1321:1327 Additional studies 1310:1327 Additional studies on cell energetic metabolism underlined that dipeptides and tripeptides in permeate 1310:1411 Additional studies on cell energetic metabolism underlined that dipeptides and tripeptides in permeate were used as an efficient source of nitrogenous substrates. 26018298 3 22 theme IgG 538:540 arg1 concentrations 503:516 maximal concentrations 495:516 maximal concentrations of viable cells and IgG 495:540 First, the benefits of YE were verified, revealing that it increased maximal concentrations of viable cells and IgG up to 73 and 60%, respectively compared to a reference culture. 26018298 3 23 theme reference 587:595 arg1 culture 597:603 a reference culture 585:603 a reference culture 585:603 First, the benefits of YE were verified, revealing that it increased maximal concentrations of viable cells and IgG up to 73 and 60%, respectively compared to a reference culture. 26018298 0 24 theme extract 23:29 arg1 Fractionation 0:12 Fractionation 0:12 Fractionation of yeast extract by nanofiltration process 0:55 Fractionation of yeast extract by nanofiltration process to assess key compounds involved in CHO cell culture improvement. 26018298 8 25 theme substrates 1461:1470 arg1 source 1439:1444 an efficient source 1426:1444 an efficient source of nitrogenous substrates 1426:1470 Additional studies on cell energetic metabolism underlined that dipeptides and tripeptides in permeate were used as an efficient source of nitrogenous substrates. 26018298 8 25 theme substrates 1461:1470 arg1 studies 1321:1327 Additional studies 1310:1327 Additional studies on cell energetic metabolism underlined that dipeptides and tripeptides in permeate 1310:1411 Additional studies on cell energetic metabolism underlined that dipeptides and tripeptides in permeate were used as an efficient source of nitrogenous substrates. 26018298 2 26 theme present 288:294 arg1 study 296:300 the present study 284:300 the present study 284:300 Accordingly, in the present study, the nature of YE compounds involved in the improvement of recombinant CHO cell growth and IgG production was investigated. 26018298 6 27 theme other 1139:1143 arg1 molecules 1145:1153 other molecules 1139:1153 other molecules 1139:1153 The YE molecules already contained in reference medium were mainly isolated in the permeate fraction together with trehalose and short peptides, while other molecules were concentrated in the retentate. 26018298 2 28 theme IgG 393:395 arg1 production 397:406 IgG production 393:406 IgG production 393:406 Accordingly, in the present study, the nature of YE compounds involved in the improvement of recombinant CHO cell growth and IgG production was investigated. 26018298 2 29 theme production 397:406 arg1 improvement 346:356 the improvement 342:356 the improvement of recombinant CHO cell growth and IgG production 342:406 Accordingly, in the present study, the nature of YE compounds involved in the improvement of recombinant CHO cell growth and IgG production was investigated. 26018298 5 30 theme CHO 969:971 arg1 cultures 978:985 CHO cell cultures 969:985 CHO cell cultures 969:985 Consequently, YE was fractionated by a nanofiltration process to deeper evaluate its effects on CHO cell cultures. 26018298 3 31 theme cells 528:532 arg1 concentrations 503:516 maximal concentrations 495:516 maximal concentrations of viable cells and IgG 495:540 First, the benefits of YE were verified, revealing that it increased maximal concentrations of viable cells and IgG up to 73 and 60%, respectively compared to a reference culture. 26018298 1 32 theme cell 180:183 arg1 performances 193:204 mammalian cell culture performances 170:204 mammalian cell culture performances 170:204 Yeast extract (YE) is known to greatly enhance mammalian cell culture performances, but its undefined composition decreases process reliability. 26018298 0 33 theme nanofiltration 34:47 arg1 process 49:55 nanofiltration process 34:55 nanofiltration process 34:55 Fractionation of yeast extract by nanofiltration process to assess key compounds involved in CHO cell culture improvement. 26018298 6 34 theme reference 1026:1034 arg1 medium 1036:1041 reference medium 1026:1041 reference medium 1026:1041 The YE molecules already contained in reference medium were mainly isolated in the permeate fraction together with trehalose and short peptides, while other molecules were concentrated in the retentate. 26018298 1 35 theme culture 185:191 arg1 performances 193:204 mammalian cell culture performances 170:204 mammalian cell culture performances 170:204 Yeast extract (YE) is known to greatly enhance mammalian cell culture performances, but its undefined composition decreases process reliability. 26018298 5 36 theme nanofiltration 912:925 arg1 process 927:933 a nanofiltration process 910:933 a nanofiltration process to deeper evaluate its effects on CHO cell cultures 910:985 Consequently, YE was fractionated by a nanofiltration process to deeper evaluate its effects on CHO cell cultures. 26018298 7 37 theme macromolecules 1219:1232 arg1 free 1211:1214 free 1211:1214 free 1211:1214 Permeate, which was free of macromolecules, exhibited a similar positive effect than raw YE on maximal concentrations. 26018298 2 38 theme growth 382:387 arg1 improvement 346:356 the improvement 342:356 the improvement of recombinant CHO cell growth and IgG production 342:406 Accordingly, in the present study, the nature of YE compounds involved in the improvement of recombinant CHO cell growth and IgG production was investigated. 26018298 7 39 theme maximal 1286:1292 arg1 concentrations 1294:1307 maximal concentrations 1286:1307 maximal concentrations 1286:1307 Permeate, which was free of macromolecules, exhibited a similar positive effect than raw YE on maximal concentrations. 26018298 2 40 theme cell 377:380 arg1 growth 382:387 recombinant CHO cell growth 361:387 recombinant CHO cell growth 361:387 Accordingly, in the present study, the nature of YE compounds involved in the improvement of recombinant CHO cell growth and IgG production was investigated. 26018298 8 41 theme Additional 1310:1319 arg1 source 1439:1444 an efficient source 1426:1444 an efficient source of nitrogenous substrates 1426:1470 Additional studies on cell energetic metabolism underlined that dipeptides and tripeptides in permeate were used as an efficient source of nitrogenous substrates. 26018298 8 41 theme Additional 1310:1319 arg1 studies 1321:1327 Additional studies 1310:1327 Additional studies on cell energetic metabolism underlined that dipeptides and tripeptides in permeate 1310:1411 Additional studies on cell energetic metabolism underlined that dipeptides and tripeptides in permeate were used as an efficient source of nitrogenous substrates. 26018298 2 42 theme YE 317:318 arg1 compounds 320:328 YE compounds 317:328 YE compounds involved in the improvement of recombinant CHO cell growth and IgG production 317:406 Accordingly, in the present study, the nature of YE compounds involved in the improvement of recombinant CHO cell growth and IgG production was investigated. 26018298 7 43 theme raw 1276:1278 arg1 YE 1280:1281 raw YE 1276:1281 raw YE 1276:1281 Permeate, which was free of macromolecules, exhibited a similar positive effect than raw YE on maximal concentrations. 26018298 4 44 theme composition 631:641 arg1 analyses 616:623 the analyses 612:623 the analyses of YE composition 612:641 Then, the analyses of YE composition highlighted the presence of molecules such as amino acids, vitamins, salts, nucleobase, and glucose that were contained in reference medium, while others including peptides, trehalose, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids were not. 26018298 7 45 theme similar 1247:1253 arg1 effect 1264:1269 a similar positive effect 1245:1269 a similar positive effect than raw YE on maximal concentrations 1245:1307 Permeate, which was free of macromolecules, exhibited a similar positive effect than raw YE on maximal concentrations. 26018298 7 46 theme positive 1255:1262 arg1 effect 1264:1269 a similar positive effect 1245:1269 a similar positive effect than raw YE on maximal concentrations 1245:1307 Permeate, which was free of macromolecules, exhibited a similar positive effect than raw YE on maximal concentrations. 26018298 6 47 theme short 1117:1121 arg1 peptides 1123:1130 short peptides 1117:1130 short peptides 1117:1130 The YE molecules already contained in reference medium were mainly isolated in the permeate fraction together with trehalose and short peptides, while other molecules were concentrated in the retentate. 26018298 1 48 theme Yeast 123:127 arg1 YE 138:139 YE 138:139 YE 138:139 Yeast extract (YE) is known to greatly enhance mammalian cell culture performances, but its undefined composition decreases process reliability. 26018298 1 48 theme Yeast 123:127 arg1 extract 129:135 Yeast extract 123:135 Yeast extract (YE) 123:140 Yeast extract (YE) is known to greatly enhance mammalian cell culture performances, but its undefined composition decreases process reliability. 26018298 3 49 theme viable 521:526 arg1 cells 528:532 viable cells 521:532 viable cells 521:532 First, the benefits of YE were verified, revealing that it increased maximal concentrations of viable cells and IgG up to 73 and 60%, respectively compared to a reference culture. 26018298 5 50 theme cell 973:976 arg1 cultures 978:985 CHO cell cultures 969:985 CHO cell cultures 969:985 Consequently, YE was fractionated by a nanofiltration process to deeper evaluate its effects on CHO cell cultures. 26018298 3 51 theme YE 449:450 arg1 benefits 437:444 the benefits 433:444 the benefits of YE 433:450 First, the benefits of YE were verified, revealing that it increased maximal concentrations of viable cells and IgG up to 73 and 60%, respectively compared to a reference culture. 26018298 0 52 theme key 67:69 arg1 compounds 71:79 key compounds 67:79 key compounds involved in CHO cell culture improvement 67:120 Fractionation of yeast extract by nanofiltration process to assess key compounds involved in CHO cell culture improvement. 26018298 8 53 theme energetic 1337:1345 arg1 metabolism 1347:1356 cell energetic metabolism 1332:1356 cell energetic metabolism underlined that dipeptides and tripeptides in permeate 1332:1411 Additional studies on cell energetic metabolism underlined that dipeptides and tripeptides in permeate were used as an efficient source of nitrogenous substrates. 26018298 1 54 theme mammalian 170:178 arg1 performances 193:204 mammalian cell culture performances 170:204 mammalian cell culture performances 170:204 Yeast extract (YE) is known to greatly enhance mammalian cell culture performances, but its undefined composition decreases process reliability. 26018298 0 55 theme yeast 17:21 arg1 extract 23:29 yeast extract 17:29 yeast extract 17:29 Fractionation of yeast extract by nanofiltration process to assess key compounds involved in CHO cell culture improvement. 26018298 1 56 theme undefined 215:223 arg1 composition 225:235 its undefined composition 211:235 its undefined composition 211:235 Yeast extract (YE) is known to greatly enhance mammalian cell culture performances, but its undefined composition decreases process reliability. 26653470 4 0 theme special 708:714 arg1 interaction 716:726 the special interaction 704:726 the special interaction between carbon and glycan 704:752 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 3 1 theme silica 540:545 arg1 materials 547:555 carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials 488:555 carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon 488:609 In this work, carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon were designed and synthesized by using polydopamine as carbon precursor. 26653470 3 1 theme silica 540:545 arg1 materials 572:580 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 558:580 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 558:580 In this work, carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon were designed and synthesized by using polydopamine as carbon precursor. 26653470 4 2 theme digestion 940:948 arg1 digestion 892:900 standard glycoprotein digestion 870:900 standard glycoprotein digestion 870:900 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 4 2 theme digestion 940:948 arg1 mixture 907:913 the mixture 903:913 the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein 903:983 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 4 2 theme digestion 940:948 arg1 serum 996:1000 human serum 990:1000 human serum 990:1000 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 3 3 with materials 547:555 arg1 content 593:599 high content 588:599 high content of carbon 588:609 In this work, carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon were designed and synthesized by using polydopamine as carbon precursor. 26653470 4 4 gly glycoprotein 927:938 arg1 glycoprotein 927:938 standard glycoprotein digestion 918:948 standard glycoprotein digestion 918:948 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 1 5 theme important 257:265 arg1 modification 292:303 an important protein post-translation modification 254:303 an important protein post-translation modification 254:303 Glycosylation, which has been confirmed to be associated with many diseases, is an important protein post-translation modification. 26653470 1 5 theme important 257:265 arg1 Glycosylation 174:186 Glycosylation 174:186 Glycosylation 174:186 Glycosylation, which has been confirmed to be associated with many diseases, is an important protein post-translation modification. 26653470 4 6 gly glycoprotein 951:962 arg1 glycoprotein 951:962 glycoprotein 951:962 glycoprotein 951:962 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 3 7 theme mSiO2 566:570 arg1 materials 547:555 carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials 488:555 carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon 488:609 In this work, carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon were designed and synthesized by using polydopamine as carbon precursor. 26653470 3 7 theme mSiO2 566:570 arg1 materials 572:580 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 558:580 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 558:580 In this work, carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon were designed and synthesized by using polydopamine as carbon precursor. 26653470 1 8 theme protein 267:273 arg1 modification 292:303 an important protein post-translation modification 254:303 an important protein post-translation modification 254:303 Glycosylation, which has been confirmed to be associated with many diseases, is an important protein post-translation modification. 26653470 1 8 theme protein 267:273 arg1 Glycosylation 174:186 Glycosylation 174:186 Glycosylation 174:186 Glycosylation, which has been confirmed to be associated with many diseases, is an important protein post-translation modification. 26653470 0 9 theme carbon 108:113 arg1 precursor 115:123 carbon precursor 108:123 carbon precursor for the selective enrichment of N-linked glycan 108:171 Designed synthesis of carbon-functional magnetic graphene mesoporous silica materials using polydopamine as carbon precursor for the selective enrichment of N-linked glycan. 26653470 4 10 gly non-glycoprotein 968:983 arg1 non-glycoprotein 968:983 non-glycoprotein 968:983 non-glycoprotein 968:983 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 0 11 link N-linked 157:164 arg1 glycan 166:171 N-linked glycan 157:171 N-linked glycan 157:171 Designed synthesis of carbon-functional magnetic graphene mesoporous silica materials using polydopamine as carbon precursor for the selective enrichment of N-linked glycan. 26653470 1 12 theme post-translation 275:290 arg1 modification 292:303 an important protein post-translation modification 254:303 an important protein post-translation modification 254:303 Glycosylation, which has been confirmed to be associated with many diseases, is an important protein post-translation modification. 26653470 1 12 theme post-translation 275:290 arg1 Glycosylation 174:186 Glycosylation 174:186 Glycosylation 174:186 Glycosylation, which has been confirmed to be associated with many diseases, is an important protein post-translation modification. 26653470 4 13 theme interaction 716:726 arg1 advantage 691:699 advantage 691:699 advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan 691:752 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 4 14 theme G 761:761 arg1 materials 769:777 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 755:777 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 755:777 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 3 15 theme G 564:564 arg1 materials 547:555 carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials 488:555 carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon 488:609 In this work, carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon were designed and synthesized by using polydopamine as carbon precursor. 26653470 3 15 theme G 564:564 arg1 materials 572:580 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 558:580 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 558:580 In this work, carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon were designed and synthesized by using polydopamine as carbon precursor. 26653470 4 16 gly glycoprotein 879:890 arg1 glycoprotein 879:890 standard glycoprotein digestion 870:900 standard glycoprotein digestion 870:900 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 3 17 theme @ 565:565 arg1 materials 547:555 carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials 488:555 carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon 488:609 In this work, carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon were designed and synthesized by using polydopamine as carbon precursor. 26653470 3 17 theme @ 565:565 arg1 materials 572:580 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 558:580 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 558:580 In this work, carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon were designed and synthesized by using polydopamine as carbon precursor. 26653470 4 18 theme human 990:994 arg1 serum 996:1000 human serum 990:1000 human serum 990:1000 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 4 19 theme standard 870:877 arg1 digestion 892:900 standard glycoprotein digestion 870:900 standard glycoprotein digestion 870:900 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 3 20 theme high 588:591 arg1 content 593:599 high content 588:599 high content of carbon 588:609 In this work, carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon were designed and synthesized by using polydopamine as carbon precursor. 26653470 4 21 theme C-Mag 755:759 arg1 materials 769:777 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 755:777 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 755:777 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 2 22 theme samples 393:399 arg1 significant 426:436 significant 426:436 significant 426:436 Taking into account the low abundant of glycan, the purification of complex biological samples is considered to be very significant before mass spectrometry detection. 26653470 2 22 theme samples 393:399 arg1 purification 358:369 the purification 354:369 the purification of complex biological samples 354:399 Taking into account the low abundant of glycan, the purification of complex biological samples is considered to be very significant before mass spectrometry detection. 26653470 2 23 theme spectrometry 450:461 arg1 detection 463:471 mass spectrometry detection 445:471 mass spectrometry detection 445:471 Taking into account the low abundant of glycan, the purification of complex biological samples is considered to be very significant before mass spectrometry detection. 26653470 4 24 theme complex 845:851 arg1 samples 853:859 different complex samples 835:859 different complex samples 835:859 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 4 25 theme glycoprotein 879:890 arg1 digestion 892:900 standard glycoprotein digestion 870:900 standard glycoprotein digestion 870:900 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 2 26 theme mass 445:448 arg1 spectrometry 450:461 mass spectrometry 445:461 mass spectrometry detection 445:471 Taking into account the low abundant of glycan, the purification of complex biological samples is considered to be very significant before mass spectrometry detection. 26653470 0 27 theme selective 133:141 arg1 enrichment 143:152 the selective enrichment 129:152 the selective enrichment of N-linked glycan 129:171 Designed synthesis of carbon-functional magnetic graphene mesoporous silica materials using polydopamine as carbon precursor for the selective enrichment of N-linked glycan. 26653470 3 28 theme carbon 666:671 arg1 precursor 673:681 carbon precursor 666:681 carbon precursor 666:681 In this work, carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon were designed and synthesized by using polydopamine as carbon precursor. 26653470 4 29 theme @ 762:762 arg1 materials 769:777 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 755:777 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 755:777 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 4 30 link N-linked 815:822 arg1 glycans 824:830 N-linked glycans 815:830 N-linked glycans 815:830 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 0 31 theme graphene 49:56 arg1 materials 76:84 carbon-functional magnetic graphene mesoporous silica materials 22:84 carbon-functional magnetic graphene mesoporous silica materials using polydopamine as carbon precursor for the selective enrichment of N-linked glycan 22:171 Designed synthesis of carbon-functional magnetic graphene mesoporous silica materials using polydopamine as carbon precursor for the selective enrichment of N-linked glycan. 26653470 0 32 theme N-linked 157:164 arg1 glycan 166:171 N-linked glycan 157:171 N-linked glycan 157:171 Designed synthesis of carbon-functional magnetic graphene mesoporous silica materials using polydopamine as carbon precursor for the selective enrichment of N-linked glycan. 26653470 4 33 theme different 835:843 arg1 samples 853:859 different complex samples 835:859 different complex samples 835:859 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 0 34 theme magnetic 40:47 arg1 materials 76:84 carbon-functional magnetic graphene mesoporous silica materials 22:84 carbon-functional magnetic graphene mesoporous silica materials using polydopamine as carbon precursor for the selective enrichment of N-linked glycan 22:171 Designed synthesis of carbon-functional magnetic graphene mesoporous silica materials using polydopamine as carbon precursor for the selective enrichment of N-linked glycan. 26653470 4 35 theme glycoprotein 951:962 arg1 digestion 892:900 standard glycoprotein digestion 870:900 standard glycoprotein digestion 870:900 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 4 35 theme glycoprotein 951:962 arg1 mixture 907:913 the mixture 903:913 the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein 903:983 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 4 35 theme glycoprotein 951:962 arg1 serum 996:1000 human serum 990:1000 human serum 990:1000 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 0 36 theme carbon-functional 22:38 arg1 materials 76:84 carbon-functional magnetic graphene mesoporous silica materials 22:84 carbon-functional magnetic graphene mesoporous silica materials using polydopamine as carbon precursor for the selective enrichment of N-linked glycan 22:171 Designed synthesis of carbon-functional magnetic graphene mesoporous silica materials using polydopamine as carbon precursor for the selective enrichment of N-linked glycan. 26653470 0 37 theme silica 69:74 arg1 materials 76:84 carbon-functional magnetic graphene mesoporous silica materials 22:84 carbon-functional magnetic graphene mesoporous silica materials using polydopamine as carbon precursor for the selective enrichment of N-linked glycan 22:171 Designed synthesis of carbon-functional magnetic graphene mesoporous silica materials using polydopamine as carbon precursor for the selective enrichment of N-linked glycan. 26653470 3 38 theme graphene 519:526 arg1 materials 547:555 carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials 488:555 carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon 488:609 In this work, carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon were designed and synthesized by using polydopamine as carbon precursor. 26653470 3 38 theme graphene 519:526 arg1 materials 572:580 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 558:580 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 558:580 In this work, carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon were designed and synthesized by using polydopamine as carbon precursor. 26653470 0 39 theme mesoporous 58:67 arg1 materials 76:84 carbon-functional magnetic graphene mesoporous silica materials 22:84 carbon-functional magnetic graphene mesoporous silica materials using polydopamine as carbon precursor for the selective enrichment of N-linked glycan 22:171 Designed synthesis of carbon-functional magnetic graphene mesoporous silica materials using polydopamine as carbon precursor for the selective enrichment of N-linked glycan. 26653470 0 40 theme glycan 166:171 arg1 enrichment 143:152 the selective enrichment 129:152 the selective enrichment of N-linked glycan 129:171 Designed synthesis of carbon-functional magnetic graphene mesoporous silica materials using polydopamine as carbon precursor for the selective enrichment of N-linked glycan. 26653470 3 41 theme carbon 604:609 arg1 content 593:599 high content 588:599 high content of carbon 588:609 In this work, carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon were designed and synthesized by using polydopamine as carbon precursor. 26653470 3 42 theme /mesoporous 528:538 arg1 materials 547:555 carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials 488:555 carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon 488:609 In this work, carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon were designed and synthesized by using polydopamine as carbon precursor. 26653470 3 42 theme /mesoporous 528:538 arg1 materials 572:580 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 558:580 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 558:580 In this work, carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon were designed and synthesized by using polydopamine as carbon precursor. 26653470 4 43 theme glycoprotein 927:938 arg1 digestion 940:948 standard glycoprotein digestion 918:948 standard glycoprotein digestion 918:948 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 2 44 theme glycan 346:351 arg1 abundant 334:341 abundant 334:341 abundant 334:341 Taking into account the low abundant of glycan, the purification of complex biological samples is considered to be very significant before mass spectrometry detection. 26653470 4 45 theme mSiO2 763:767 arg1 materials 769:777 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 755:777 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 755:777 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 1 46 theme many 236:239 arg1 diseases 241:248 many diseases 236:248 many diseases 236:248 Glycosylation, which has been confirmed to be associated with many diseases, is an important protein post-translation modification. 26653470 4 47 theme standard 918:925 arg1 digestion 940:948 standard glycoprotein digestion 918:948 standard glycoprotein digestion 918:948 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 3 48 theme C-Mag 558:562 arg1 materials 547:555 carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials 488:555 carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon 488:609 In this work, carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon were designed and synthesized by using polydopamine as carbon precursor. 26653470 3 48 theme C-Mag 558:562 arg1 materials 572:580 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 558:580 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 558:580 In this work, carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon were designed and synthesized by using polydopamine as carbon precursor. 26653470 3 49 theme carbon-functionalized 488:508 arg1 materials 547:555 carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials 488:555 carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon 488:609 In this work, carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon were designed and synthesized by using polydopamine as carbon precursor. 26653470 3 49 theme carbon-functionalized 488:508 arg1 materials 572:580 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 558:580 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 558:580 In this work, carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon were designed and synthesized by using polydopamine as carbon precursor. 26653470 2 50 theme biological 382:391 arg1 samples 393:399 complex biological samples 374:399 complex biological samples 374:399 Taking into account the low abundant of glycan, the purification of complex biological samples is considered to be very significant before mass spectrometry detection. 26653470 3 51 theme magnetic 510:517 arg1 materials 547:555 carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials 488:555 carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon 488:609 In this work, carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon were designed and synthesized by using polydopamine as carbon precursor. 26653470 3 51 theme magnetic 510:517 arg1 materials 572:580 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 558:580 C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials 558:580 In this work, carbon-functionalized magnetic graphene /mesoporous silica materials (C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials) with high content of carbon were designed and synthesized by using polydopamine as carbon precursor. 26653470 0 52 theme materials 76:84 arg1 synthesis 9:17 synthesis 9:17 synthesis of carbon-functional magnetic graphene mesoporous silica materials using polydopamine as carbon precursor for the selective enrichment of N-linked glycan 9:171 Designed synthesis of carbon-functional magnetic graphene mesoporous silica materials using polydopamine as carbon precursor for the selective enrichment of N-linked glycan. 26653470 4 53 theme N-linked 815:822 arg1 glycans 824:830 N-linked glycans 815:830 N-linked glycans 815:830 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 2 54 theme complex 374:380 arg1 samples 393:399 complex biological samples 374:399 complex biological samples 374:399 Taking into account the low abundant of glycan, the purification of complex biological samples is considered to be very significant before mass spectrometry detection. 26653470 4 55 theme non-glycoprotein 968:983 arg1 digestion 892:900 standard glycoprotein digestion 870:900 standard glycoprotein digestion 870:900 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 4 55 theme non-glycoprotein 968:983 arg1 mixture 907:913 the mixture 903:913 the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein 903:983 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 26653470 4 55 theme non-glycoprotein 968:983 arg1 serum 996:1000 human serum 990:1000 human serum 990:1000 Taking advantage of the special interaction between carbon and glycan, C-Mag G@mSiO2 materials were successfully applied to enrich N-linked glycans in different complex samples, such as standard glycoprotein digestion, the mixture of standard glycoprotein digestion, glycoprotein and non-glycoprotein, and human serum. 28898525 5 0 theme prion 896:900 arg1 PrPSc 940:944 PrPSc 940:944 PrPSc 940:944 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 5 0 theme prion 896:900 arg1 strains 902:908 three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc 890:944 three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc 890:944 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 5 0 theme prion 896:900 arg1 RML 915:917 RML 915:917 RML 915:917 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 5 0 theme prion 896:900 arg1 ME7 924:926 ME7 924:926 ME7 924:926 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 5 0 theme prion 896:900 arg1 22L 910:912 22L 910:912 22L 910:912 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 0 1 theme acid 79:82 arg1 residues 84:91 predominantly 2,6-linked sialic acid residues 47:91 predominantly 2,6-linked sialic acid residues 47:91 Analyses of N-linked glycans of PrPSc revealed predominantly 2,6-linked sialic acid residues. 28898525 5 2 theme strains 902:908 arg1 PrPSc 881:885 PrPSc 881:885 PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro 881:995 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 7 3 theme N-linked 1390:1397 arg1 glycans 1399:1405 N-linked glycans 1390:1405 N-linked glycans 1390:1405 Based on the current results, we propose that sialyltransferases of St6Gal family, which is responsible for attaching sialic acids via alpha 2,6-linkages to N-linked glycans, controls sialylation of PrPC and PrPSc . 28898525 6 4 theme linkage 1194:1200 arg1 type 1186:1189 the type 1182:1189 the type of linkage 1182:1200 Moreover, the variation in the percentage of alpha 2,3- versus 2,6-linked sialic acid was found to be relatively minor between brain-, spleen-, or cell-derived PrPSc , suggesting that the type of linkage is independent of tissue type. 28898525 6 4 theme linkage 1194:1200 arg1 independent 1205:1215 independent 1205:1215 independent 1205:1215 Moreover, the variation in the percentage of alpha 2,3- versus 2,6-linked sialic acid was found to be relatively minor between brain-, spleen-, or cell-derived PrPSc , suggesting that the type of linkage is independent of tissue type. 28898525 0 5 link N-linked 12:19 arg1 glycans 21:27 N-linked glycans 12:27 N-linked glycans of PrPSc 12:36 Analyses of N-linked glycans of PrPSc revealed predominantly 2,6-linked sialic acid residues. 28898525 3 6 theme responsible 527:537 arg1 sialyltransferases 508:525 the sialyltransferases 504:525 the sialyltransferases responsible for sialylating PrPC and outline strategies for manipulating the sialyation status of PrPSc 504:629 Establishing the type of linkage by which sialic acid residues are attached to galactose is important, as it helps to identify the sialyltransferases responsible for sialylating PrPC and outline strategies for manipulating the sialyation status of PrPSc . 28898525 4 7 theme PrPSc 745:749 arg1 glycans 734:740 N-linked glycans 725:740 N-linked glycans of PrPSc 725:749 Using enzymatic treatment with sialidases and lectin blots, this study demonstrated that in N-linked glycans of PrPSc , the sialic acid residues are predominantly alpha 2,6-linked. 28898525 7 8 theme alpha 1368:1372 arg1 2,6-linkages 1374:1385 alpha 2,6-linkages 1368:1385 alpha 2,6-linkages to N-linked glycans 1368:1405 Based on the current results, we propose that sialyltransferases of St6Gal family, which is responsible for attaching sialic acids via alpha 2,6-linkages to N-linked glycans, controls sialylation of PrPC and PrPSc . 28898525 5 9 link 2,6-linked 840:849 arg1 acids 858:862 alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids 834:862 alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids 834:862 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 3 10 attach attached 444:451 arg3 type 394:397 the type 390:397 the type of linkage by which sialic acid residues are attached to galactose 390:464 Establishing the type of linkage by which sialic acid residues are attached to galactose is important, as it helps to identify the sialyltransferases responsible for sialylating PrPC and outline strategies for manipulating the sialyation status of PrPSc . 28898525 3 10 attach attached 444:451 arg2 residues 431:438 sialic acid residues 419:438 sialic acid residues 419:438 Establishing the type of linkage by which sialic acid residues are attached to galactose is important, as it helps to identify the sialyltransferases responsible for sialylating PrPC and outline strategies for manipulating the sialyation status of PrPSc . 28898525 3 10 attach attached 444:451 arg1 galactose 456:464 galactose 456:464 galactose 456:464 Establishing the type of linkage by which sialic acid residues are attached to galactose is important, as it helps to identify the sialyltransferases responsible for sialylating PrPC and outline strategies for manipulating the sialyation status of PrPSc . 28898525 7 11 theme sialic 1351:1356 arg1 acids 1358:1362 sialic acids 1351:1362 sialic acids 1351:1362 Based on the current results, we propose that sialyltransferases of St6Gal family, which is responsible for attaching sialic acids via alpha 2,6-linkages to N-linked glycans, controls sialylation of PrPC and PrPSc . 28898525 5 12 from spleen 958:963 arg1 PrPSc 881:885 PrPSc 881:885 PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro 881:995 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 4 13 attach 2,6-linked 802:811 arg3 glycans 734:740 N-linked glycans 725:740 N-linked glycans of PrPSc 725:749 Using enzymatic treatment with sialidases and lectin blots, this study demonstrated that in N-linked glycans of PrPSc , the sialic acid residues are predominantly alpha 2,6-linked. 28898525 6 14 theme sialic 1072:1077 arg1 acid 1079:1082 2,6-linked sialic acid 1061:1082 2,6-linked sialic acid 1061:1082 Moreover, the variation in the percentage of alpha 2,3- versus 2,6-linked sialic acid was found to be relatively minor between brain-, spleen-, or cell-derived PrPSc , suggesting that the type of linkage is independent of tissue type. 28898525 1 15 gly sialoglycoprotein 199:215 arg1 sialoglycoprotein 199:215 the sialoglycoprotein 195:215 the sialoglycoprotein called prion protein or PrPC 195:244 Mammalian prions (PrPSc ) consist of misfolded, conformationally altered, self-replicating states of the sialoglycoprotein called prion protein or PrPC . 28898525 5 16 theme 2,6-linked 840:849 arg1 acids 858:862 alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids 834:862 alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids 834:862 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 2 17 theme sialylation 281:291 arg1 status 293:298 the sialylation status 277:298 the sialylation status of PrPSc 277:307 Recent studies revealed that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays a major role in evading innate immunity and infecting a host. 28898525 3 18 theme acid 426:429 arg1 residues 431:438 sialic acid residues 419:438 sialic acid residues 419:438 Establishing the type of linkage by which sialic acid residues are attached to galactose is important, as it helps to identify the sialyltransferases responsible for sialylating PrPC and outline strategies for manipulating the sialyation status of PrPSc . 28898525 2 19 gly sialylation 281:291 arg1 PrPSc 303:307 PrPSc 303:307 PrPSc 303:307 Recent studies revealed that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays a major role in evading innate immunity and infecting a host. 28898525 3 20 theme linkage 402:408 arg1 type 394:397 the type 390:397 the type of linkage by which sialic acid residues are attached to galactose 390:464 Establishing the type of linkage by which sialic acid residues are attached to galactose is important, as it helps to identify the sialyltransferases responsible for sialylating PrPC and outline strategies for manipulating the sialyation status of PrPSc . 28898525 4 21 theme acid 764:767 arg1 2,6-linked 802:811 2,6-linked 802:811 2,6-linked 802:811 Using enzymatic treatment with sialidases and lectin blots, this study demonstrated that in N-linked glycans of PrPSc , the sialic acid residues are predominantly alpha 2,6-linked. 28898525 4 21 theme acid 764:767 arg1 residues 769:776 the sialic acid residues 753:776 the sialic acid residues 753:776 Using enzymatic treatment with sialidases and lectin blots, this study demonstrated that in N-linked glycans of PrPSc , the sialic acid residues are predominantly alpha 2,6-linked. 28898525 5 22 from brain 951:955 arg1 PrPSc 881:885 PrPSc 881:885 PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro 881:995 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 7 23 theme current 1246:1252 arg1 results 1254:1260 the current results 1242:1260 the current results 1242:1260 Based on the current results, we propose that sialyltransferases of St6Gal family, which is responsible for attaching sialic acids via alpha 2,6-linkages to N-linked glycans, controls sialylation of PrPC and PrPSc . 28898525 6 24 from variation 1012:1020 arg1 percentage 1029:1038 the percentage 1025:1038 the percentage of alpha 2,3- versus 2,6-linked sialic acid 1025:1082 Moreover, the variation in the percentage of alpha 2,3- versus 2,6-linked sialic acid was found to be relatively minor between brain-, spleen-, or cell-derived PrPSc , suggesting that the type of linkage is independent of tissue type. 28898525 2 25 theme major 317:321 arg1 role 323:326 a major role 315:326 a major role 315:326 Recent studies revealed that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays a major role in evading innate immunity and infecting a host. 28898525 4 26 theme lectin 679:684 arg1 blots 686:690 lectin blots 679:690 lectin blots 679:690 Using enzymatic treatment with sialidases and lectin blots, this study demonstrated that in N-linked glycans of PrPSc , the sialic acid residues are predominantly alpha 2,6-linked. 28898525 5 27 theme High 814:817 arg1 percentages 819:829 High percentages 814:829 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids 814:862 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 6 28 link cell-derived 1145:1156 arg1 PrPSc 1158:1162 cell-derived PrPSc 1145:1162 cell-derived PrPSc 1145:1162 Moreover, the variation in the percentage of alpha 2,3- versus 2,6-linked sialic acid was found to be relatively minor between brain-, spleen-, or cell-derived PrPSc , suggesting that the type of linkage is independent of tissue type. 28898525 1 29 theme Mammalian 94:102 arg1 PrPSc 112:116 PrPSc 112:116 PrPSc 112:116 Mammalian prions (PrPSc ) consist of misfolded, conformationally altered, self-replicating states of the sialoglycoprotein called prion protein or PrPC . 28898525 1 29 theme Mammalian 94:102 arg1 prions 104:109 Mammalian prions 94:109 Mammalian prions (PrPSc ) 94:118 Mammalian prions (PrPSc ) consist of misfolded, conformationally altered, self-replicating states of the sialoglycoprotein called prion protein or PrPC . 28898525 4 30 theme sialic 757:762 arg1 2,6-linked 802:811 2,6-linked 802:811 2,6-linked 802:811 Using enzymatic treatment with sialidases and lectin blots, this study demonstrated that in N-linked glycans of PrPSc , the sialic acid residues are predominantly alpha 2,6-linked. 28898525 4 30 theme sialic 757:762 arg1 residues 769:776 the sialic acid residues 753:776 the sialic acid residues 753:776 Using enzymatic treatment with sialidases and lectin blots, this study demonstrated that in N-linked glycans of PrPSc , the sialic acid residues are predominantly alpha 2,6-linked. 28898525 3 31 theme sialic 419:424 arg1 residues 431:438 sialic acid residues 419:438 sialic acid residues 419:438 Establishing the type of linkage by which sialic acid residues are attached to galactose is important, as it helps to identify the sialyltransferases responsible for sialylating PrPC and outline strategies for manipulating the sialyation status of PrPSc . 28898525 0 32 theme glycans 21:27 arg1 Analyses 0:7 Analyses 0:7 Analyses of N-linked glycans of PrPSc 0:36 Analyses of N-linked glycans of PrPSc revealed predominantly 2,6-linked sialic acid residues. 28898525 4 33 from glycans 734:740 arg1 2,6-linked 802:811 2,6-linked 802:811 2,6-linked 802:811 Using enzymatic treatment with sialidases and lectin blots, this study demonstrated that in N-linked glycans of PrPSc , the sialic acid residues are predominantly alpha 2,6-linked. 28898525 4 33 from glycans 734:740 arg1 residues 769:776 the sialic acid residues 753:776 the sialic acid residues 753:776 Using enzymatic treatment with sialidases and lectin blots, this study demonstrated that in N-linked glycans of PrPSc , the sialic acid residues are predominantly alpha 2,6-linked. 28898525 1 34 dep misfolded 131:139 arg1 self-replicating 168:183 self-replicating 168:183 self-replicating 168:183 Mammalian prions (PrPSc ) consist of misfolded, conformationally altered, self-replicating states of the sialoglycoprotein called prion protein or PrPC . 28898525 1 34 dep misfolded 131:139 arg1 altered 159:165 altered 159:165 altered 159:165 Mammalian prions (PrPSc ) consist of misfolded, conformationally altered, self-replicating states of the sialoglycoprotein called prion protein or PrPC . 28898525 7 35 link N-linked 1390:1397 arg1 glycans 1399:1405 N-linked glycans 1390:1405 N-linked glycans 1390:1405 Based on the current results, we propose that sialyltransferases of St6Gal family, which is responsible for attaching sialic acids via alpha 2,6-linkages to N-linked glycans, controls sialylation of PrPC and PrPSc . 28898525 5 36 theme alpha 834:838 arg1 acids 858:862 alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids 834:862 alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids 834:862 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 0 37 theme N-linked 12:19 arg1 glycans 21:27 N-linked glycans 12:27 N-linked glycans of PrPSc 12:36 Analyses of N-linked glycans of PrPSc revealed predominantly 2,6-linked sialic acid residues. 28898525 5 38 located observed 869:876 arg2 percentages 819:829 High percentages 814:829 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids 814:862 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 5 38 located observed 869:876 arg1 PrPSc 881:885 PrPSc 881:885 PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro 881:995 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 2 39 theme PrPSc 303:307 arg1 status 293:298 the sialylation status 277:298 the sialylation status of PrPSc 277:307 Recent studies revealed that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays a major role in evading innate immunity and infecting a host. 28898525 1 40 theme sialoglycoprotein 199:215 arg1 states 185:190 misfolded, conformationally altered, self-replicating states 131:190 misfolded, conformationally altered, self-replicating states of the sialoglycoprotein called prion protein or PrPC 131:244 Mammalian prions (PrPSc ) consist of misfolded, conformationally altered, self-replicating states of the sialoglycoprotein called prion protein or PrPC . 28898525 0 41 theme PrPSc 32:36 arg1 glycans 21:27 N-linked glycans 12:27 N-linked glycans of PrPSc 12:36 Analyses of N-linked glycans of PrPSc revealed predominantly 2,6-linked sialic acid residues. 28898525 6 42 theme alpha 1043:1047 arg1 2,3- 1049:1052 alpha 2,3- 1043:1052 alpha 2,3- 1043:1052 Moreover, the variation in the percentage of alpha 2,3- versus 2,6-linked sialic acid was found to be relatively minor between brain-, spleen-, or cell-derived PrPSc , suggesting that the type of linkage is independent of tissue type. 28898525 5 43 from cells 973:977 arg1 PrPSc 881:885 PrPSc 881:885 PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro 881:995 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 5 44 theme sialic 851:856 arg1 acids 858:862 alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids 834:862 alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids 834:862 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 5 45 theme N2a 969:971 arg1 cells 973:977 N2a cells 969:977 N2a cells cultured in vitro 969:995 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 5 46 theme acids 858:862 arg1 percentages 819:829 High percentages 814:829 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids 814:862 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 1 47 theme prion 224:228 arg1 protein 230:236 prion protein or PrPC 224:244 protein 230:236 Mammalian prions (PrPSc ) consist of misfolded, conformationally altered, self-replicating states of the sialoglycoprotein called prion protein or PrPC . 28898525 7 48 theme PrPSc 1441:1445 arg1 sialylation 1417:1427 sialylation 1417:1427 sialylation of PrPC and PrPSc 1417:1445 Based on the current results, we propose that sialyltransferases of St6Gal family, which is responsible for attaching sialic acids via alpha 2,6-linkages to N-linked glycans, controls sialylation of PrPC and PrPSc . 28898525 6 49 link 2,6-linked 1061:1070 arg1 acid 1079:1082 2,6-linked sialic acid 1061:1082 2,6-linked sialic acid 1061:1082 Moreover, the variation in the percentage of alpha 2,3- versus 2,6-linked sialic acid was found to be relatively minor between brain-, spleen-, or cell-derived PrPSc , suggesting that the type of linkage is independent of tissue type. 28898525 6 50 theme cell-derived 1145:1156 arg1 PrPSc 1158:1162 cell-derived PrPSc 1145:1162 cell-derived PrPSc 1145:1162 Moreover, the variation in the percentage of alpha 2,3- versus 2,6-linked sialic acid was found to be relatively minor between brain-, spleen-, or cell-derived PrPSc , suggesting that the type of linkage is independent of tissue type. 28898525 5 51 dep strains 902:908 arg1 PrPSc 940:944 PrPSc 940:944 PrPSc 940:944 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 5 51 dep strains 902:908 arg1 strains 902:908 three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc 890:944 three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc 890:944 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 5 51 dep strains 902:908 arg1 RML 915:917 RML 915:917 RML 915:917 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 5 51 dep strains 902:908 arg1 ME7 924:926 ME7 924:926 ME7 924:926 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 5 51 dep strains 902:908 arg1 22L 910:912 22L 910:912 22L 910:912 High percentages of alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids were observed in PrPSc of three prion strains 22L, RML, and ME7, as well as PrPSc from brain, spleen, or N2a cells cultured in vitro. 28898525 2 52 theme innate 339:344 arg1 immunity 346:353 innate immunity 339:353 innate immunity 339:353 Recent studies revealed that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays a major role in evading innate immunity and infecting a host. 28898525 6 53 theme type 1227:1230 arg1 type 1186:1189 the type 1182:1189 the type of linkage 1182:1200 Moreover, the variation in the percentage of alpha 2,3- versus 2,6-linked sialic acid was found to be relatively minor between brain-, spleen-, or cell-derived PrPSc , suggesting that the type of linkage is independent of tissue type. 28898525 6 53 theme type 1227:1230 arg1 independent 1205:1215 independent 1205:1215 independent 1205:1215 Moreover, the variation in the percentage of alpha 2,3- versus 2,6-linked sialic acid was found to be relatively minor between brain-, spleen-, or cell-derived PrPSc , suggesting that the type of linkage is independent of tissue type. 28898525 4 54 with treatment 649:657 arg1 sialidases 664:673 sialidases 664:673 sialidases 664:673 Using enzymatic treatment with sialidases and lectin blots, this study demonstrated that in N-linked glycans of PrPSc , the sialic acid residues are predominantly alpha 2,6-linked. 28898525 4 54 with treatment 649:657 arg1 blots 686:690 lectin blots 679:690 lectin blots 679:690 Using enzymatic treatment with sialidases and lectin blots, this study demonstrated that in N-linked glycans of PrPSc , the sialic acid residues are predominantly alpha 2,6-linked. 28898525 6 55 theme 2,6-linked 1061:1070 arg1 acid 1079:1082 2,6-linked sialic acid 1061:1082 2,6-linked sialic acid 1061:1082 Moreover, the variation in the percentage of alpha 2,3- versus 2,6-linked sialic acid was found to be relatively minor between brain-, spleen-, or cell-derived PrPSc , suggesting that the type of linkage is independent of tissue type. 28898525 4 56 link N-linked 725:732 arg1 glycans 734:740 N-linked glycans 725:740 N-linked glycans of PrPSc 725:749 Using enzymatic treatment with sialidases and lectin blots, this study demonstrated that in N-linked glycans of PrPSc , the sialic acid residues are predominantly alpha 2,6-linked. 28898525 6 57 theme tissue 1220:1225 arg1 type 1227:1230 tissue type 1220:1230 tissue type 1220:1230 Moreover, the variation in the percentage of alpha 2,3- versus 2,6-linked sialic acid was found to be relatively minor between brain-, spleen-, or cell-derived PrPSc , suggesting that the type of linkage is independent of tissue type. 28898525 7 58 theme PrPC 1432:1435 arg1 sialylation 1417:1427 sialylation 1417:1427 sialylation of PrPC and PrPSc 1417:1445 Based on the current results, we propose that sialyltransferases of St6Gal family, which is responsible for attaching sialic acids via alpha 2,6-linkages to N-linked glycans, controls sialylation of PrPC and PrPSc . 28898525 0 59 link 2,6-linked 61:70 arg1 residues 84:91 predominantly 2,6-linked sialic acid residues 47:91 predominantly 2,6-linked sialic acid residues 47:91 Analyses of N-linked glycans of PrPSc revealed predominantly 2,6-linked sialic acid residues. 28898525 4 60 theme N-linked 725:732 arg1 glycans 734:740 N-linked glycans 725:740 N-linked glycans of PrPSc 725:749 Using enzymatic treatment with sialidases and lectin blots, this study demonstrated that in N-linked glycans of PrPSc , the sialic acid residues are predominantly alpha 2,6-linked. 28898525 7 61 theme family 1308:1313 arg1 sialyltransferases 1279:1296 sialyltransferases 1279:1296 sialyltransferases 1279:1296 Based on the current results, we propose that sialyltransferases of St6Gal family, which is responsible for attaching sialic acids via alpha 2,6-linkages to N-linked glycans, controls sialylation of PrPC and PrPSc . 28898525 3 62 theme PrPSc 625:629 arg1 status 615:620 the sialyation status 600:620 the sialyation status of PrPSc 600:629 Establishing the type of linkage by which sialic acid residues are attached to galactose is important, as it helps to identify the sialyltransferases responsible for sialylating PrPC and outline strategies for manipulating the sialyation status of PrPSc . 28898525 4 63 from 2,6-linked 802:811 arg1 glycans 734:740 N-linked glycans 725:740 N-linked glycans of PrPSc 725:749 Using enzymatic treatment with sialidases and lectin blots, this study demonstrated that in N-linked glycans of PrPSc , the sialic acid residues are predominantly alpha 2,6-linked. 28898525 6 64 theme 2,3- 1049:1052 arg1 percentage 1029:1038 the percentage 1025:1038 the percentage of alpha 2,3- versus 2,6-linked sialic acid 1025:1082 Moreover, the variation in the percentage of alpha 2,3- versus 2,6-linked sialic acid was found to be relatively minor between brain-, spleen-, or cell-derived PrPSc , suggesting that the type of linkage is independent of tissue type. 28898525 7 65 gly sialylation 1417:1427 arg1 PrPSc 1441:1445 PrPSc 1441:1445 PrPSc 1441:1445 Based on the current results, we propose that sialyltransferases of St6Gal family, which is responsible for attaching sialic acids via alpha 2,6-linkages to N-linked glycans, controls sialylation of PrPC and PrPSc . 28898525 7 65 gly sialylation 1417:1427 arg1 PrPC 1432:1435 PrPC 1432:1435 PrPC 1432:1435 Based on the current results, we propose that sialyltransferases of St6Gal family, which is responsible for attaching sialic acids via alpha 2,6-linkages to N-linked glycans, controls sialylation of PrPC and PrPSc . 28898525 0 66 theme sialic 72:77 arg1 residues 84:91 predominantly 2,6-linked sialic acid residues 47:91 predominantly 2,6-linked sialic acid residues 47:91 Analyses of N-linked glycans of PrPSc revealed predominantly 2,6-linked sialic acid residues. 28898525 4 67 theme enzymatic 639:647 arg1 treatment 649:657 enzymatic treatment 639:657 enzymatic treatment with sialidases and lectin blots 639:690 Using enzymatic treatment with sialidases and lectin blots, this study demonstrated that in N-linked glycans of PrPSc , the sialic acid residues are predominantly alpha 2,6-linked. 28898525 3 68 theme sialyation 604:613 arg1 status 615:620 the sialyation status 600:620 the sialyation status of PrPSc 600:629 Establishing the type of linkage by which sialic acid residues are attached to galactose is important, as it helps to identify the sialyltransferases responsible for sialylating PrPC and outline strategies for manipulating the sialyation status of PrPSc . 28898525 1 69 theme misfolded 131:139 arg1 states 185:190 misfolded, conformationally altered, self-replicating states 131:190 misfolded, conformationally altered, self-replicating states of the sialoglycoprotein called prion protein or PrPC 131:244 Mammalian prions (PrPSc ) consist of misfolded, conformationally altered, self-replicating states of the sialoglycoprotein called prion protein or PrPC . 28898525 0 70 theme 2,6-linked 61:70 arg1 residues 84:91 predominantly 2,6-linked sialic acid residues 47:91 predominantly 2,6-linked sialic acid residues 47:91 Analyses of N-linked glycans of PrPSc revealed predominantly 2,6-linked sialic acid residues. 28898525 6 71 theme acid 1079:1082 arg1 percentage 1029:1038 the percentage 1025:1038 the percentage of alpha 2,3- versus 2,6-linked sialic acid 1025:1082 Moreover, the variation in the percentage of alpha 2,3- versus 2,6-linked sialic acid was found to be relatively minor between brain-, spleen-, or cell-derived PrPSc , suggesting that the type of linkage is independent of tissue type. 28898525 2 72 theme Recent 248:253 arg1 studies 255:261 Recent studies 248:261 Recent studies 248:261 Recent studies revealed that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays a major role in evading innate immunity and infecting a host. 28898525 7 73 theme St6Gal 1301:1306 arg1 family 1308:1313 St6Gal family 1301:1313 St6Gal family 1301:1313 Based on the current results, we propose that sialyltransferases of St6Gal family, which is responsible for attaching sialic acids via alpha 2,6-linkages to N-linked glycans, controls sialylation of PrPC and PrPSc . 25084068 12 0 theme adult 1881:1885 arg1 offspring 1895:1903 adult HFS-fed offspring 1881:1903 adult HFS-fed offspring 1881:1903 Interestingly, dietary methyl donor supplementation in lactating mothers fed an obesogenic diet reduced liver fat accumulation, but increased adipose tissue storage in adult HFS-fed offspring. 25084068 4 1 theme Wistar 515:520 arg1 rats 522:525 Female Wistar rats 508:525 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy 508:559 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 10 2 theme HFS-fed 1463:1469 arg1 dams 1471:1474 control and HFS-fed dams 1451:1474 dams 1471:1474 In those animals HFS fed during adulthood, previous maternal HFS decreased Lepr and Dnmt1 expression levels when compared with c-HFS offspring, while the supplementation of control and HFS-fed dams, respectively, induced higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels after adult HFS intake compared with hfs-HFS offspring. 25084068 1 3 theme donor 173:177 arg1 supplementation 179:193 Methyl donor supplementation 166:193 Methyl donor supplementation 166:193 Methyl donor supplementation has been reported to prevent obesity-induced liver fat accumulation in adult rats. 25084068 9 4 theme adulthood 1255:1263 arg1 feeding 1269:1275 adulthood HFS feeding 1255:1275 adulthood HFS feeding 1255:1275 Srebf1, Dnmt1 and Lepr liver mRNA levels increased after adulthood HFS feeding. 25084068 4 5 theme control 531:537 arg1 diet 539:542 control diet 531:542 control diet during pregnancy 531:559 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 7 6 theme HFS 994:996 arg1 adults 1006:1011 adults 1006:1011 adults 1006:1011 When fed the HFS diet as adults, offspring whose mothers were HFS supplemented had more body fat (23%, P<0.001) than those from HFS non-supplemented. 25084068 7 6 theme HFS 994:996 arg1 diet 998:1001 the HFS diet 990:1001 the HFS diet 990:1001 When fed the HFS diet as adults, offspring whose mothers were HFS supplemented had more body fat (23%, P<0.001) than those from HFS non-supplemented. 25084068 4 7 theme vitamin 690:696 arg1 B12 698:700 vitamin B12 690:700 vitamin B12 690:700 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 4 7 theme vitamin 690:696 arg1 choline 660:666 choline 660:666 choline 660:666 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 4 8 theme dietary 594:600 arg1 control 619:625 control 619:625 control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12) 619:701 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 4 8 theme dietary 594:600 arg1 HFS 712:714 HFS 712:714 HFS 712:714 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 4 8 theme dietary 594:600 arg1 control 610:616 control 610:616 control 610:616 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 4 8 theme dietary 594:600 arg1 HFS 704:706 HFS 704:706 HFS 704:706 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 4 8 theme dietary 594:600 arg1 groups 602:607 four postpartum dietary groups 578:607 four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors 578:746 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 0 9 theme fat 114:116 arg1 accumulation 118:129 liver fat accumulation 108:129 liver fat accumulation 108:129 Supplementation with methyl donors during lactation to high-fat-sucrose-fed dams protects offspring against liver fat accumulation when consuming an obesogenic diet. 25084068 7 10 dep fat 1074:1076 arg1 P<0.001 1084:1090 P<0.001 1084:1090 P<0.001 1084:1090 When fed the HFS diet as adults, offspring whose mothers were HFS supplemented had more body fat (23%, P<0.001) than those from HFS non-supplemented. 25084068 7 10 dep fat 1074:1076 arg1 % 1081:1081 23% 1079:1081 23% 1079:1081 When fed the HFS diet as adults, offspring whose mothers were HFS supplemented had more body fat (23%, P<0.001) than those from HFS non-supplemented. 25084068 12 11 theme liver 1817:1821 arg1 accumulation 1827:1838 liver fat accumulation 1817:1838 liver fat accumulation 1817:1838 Interestingly, dietary methyl donor supplementation in lactating mothers fed an obesogenic diet reduced liver fat accumulation, but increased adipose tissue storage in adult HFS-fed offspring. 25084068 0 12 theme liver 108:112 arg1 accumulation 118:129 liver fat accumulation 108:129 liver fat accumulation 108:129 Supplementation with methyl donors during lactation to high-fat-sucrose-fed dams protects offspring against liver fat accumulation when consuming an obesogenic diet. 25084068 6 13 dep adiposity 955:963 arg1 P<0.001 971:977 P<0.001 971:977 P<0.001 971:977 The offspring whose mothers were fed HFS during lactation showed increased adiposity (19%, P<0.001). 25084068 6 13 dep adiposity 955:963 arg1 % 968:968 19% 966:968 19% 966:968 The offspring whose mothers were fed HFS during lactation showed increased adiposity (19%, P<0.001). 25084068 5 14 dep transferred 784:794 arg1 assigned 828:835 assigned 828:835 assigned to a control or a HFS diet during 8 weeks 828:877 At weaning, the male offspring was transferred to a chow diet and at week 12th assigned to a control or a HFS diet during 8 weeks. 25084068 7 15 contain had 1060:1062 arg1 offspring 1014:1022 offspring 1014:1022 offspring whose mothers were HFS supplemented 1014:1058 When fed the HFS diet as adults, offspring whose mothers were HFS supplemented had more body fat (23%, P<0.001) than those from HFS non-supplemented. 25084068 7 15 contain had 1060:1062 arg2 fat 1074:1076 more body fat 1064:1076 more body fat (23%, P<0.001) 1064:1091 When fed the HFS diet as adults, offspring whose mothers were HFS supplemented had more body fat (23%, P<0.001) than those from HFS non-supplemented. 25084068 8 16 dep showed 1145:1150 arg1 % 1185:1185 -18% 1182:1185 -18% 1182:1185 However, they showed lower liver fat accumulation (-18%, P<0.001). 25084068 8 16 dep showed 1145:1150 arg1 P<0.001 1188:1194 P<0.001 1188:1194 P<0.001 1188:1194 However, they showed lower liver fat accumulation (-18%, P<0.001). 25084068 10 17 theme adult 1545:1549 arg1 intake 1555:1560 adult HFS intake 1545:1560 adult HFS intake 1545:1560 In those animals HFS fed during adulthood, previous maternal HFS decreased Lepr and Dnmt1 expression levels when compared with c-HFS offspring, while the supplementation of control and HFS-fed dams, respectively, induced higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels after adult HFS intake compared with hfs-HFS offspring. 25084068 10 18 theme mRNA 1527:1530 arg1 levels 1532:1537 higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels 1499:1537 levels 1532:1537 In those animals HFS fed during adulthood, previous maternal HFS decreased Lepr and Dnmt1 expression levels when compared with c-HFS offspring, while the supplementation of control and HFS-fed dams, respectively, induced higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels after adult HFS intake compared with hfs-HFS offspring. 25084068 12 19 theme adipose 1855:1861 arg1 storage 1870:1876 adipose tissue storage 1855:1876 adipose tissue storage in adult HFS-fed offspring 1855:1903 Interestingly, dietary methyl donor supplementation in lactating mothers fed an obesogenic diet reduced liver fat accumulation, but increased adipose tissue storage in adult HFS-fed offspring. 25084068 8 20 theme fat 1164:1166 arg1 accumulation 1168:1179 lower liver fat accumulation 1152:1179 lower liver fat accumulation 1152:1179 However, they showed lower liver fat accumulation (-18%, P<0.001). 25084068 12 21 theme dietary 1728:1734 arg1 supplementation 1749:1763 dietary methyl donor supplementation 1728:1763 dietary methyl donor supplementation in lactating mothers fed an obesogenic diet 1728:1807 Interestingly, dietary methyl donor supplementation in lactating mothers fed an obesogenic diet reduced liver fat accumulation, but increased adipose tissue storage in adult HFS-fed offspring. 25084068 4 22 theme methyl 645:650 arg1 donors 652:657 methyl donors 645:657 methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12) 645:701 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 10 23 theme higher 1499:1504 arg1 Mme 1514:1516 higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels 1499:1537 Mme 1514:1516 In those animals HFS fed during adulthood, previous maternal HFS decreased Lepr and Dnmt1 expression levels when compared with c-HFS offspring, while the supplementation of control and HFS-fed dams, respectively, induced higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels after adult HFS intake compared with hfs-HFS offspring. 25084068 10 24 theme c-HFS 1405:1409 arg1 offspring 1411:1419 c-HFS offspring 1405:1419 c-HFS offspring 1405:1419 In those animals HFS fed during adulthood, previous maternal HFS decreased Lepr and Dnmt1 expression levels when compared with c-HFS offspring, while the supplementation of control and HFS-fed dams, respectively, induced higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels after adult HFS intake compared with hfs-HFS offspring. 25084068 4 25 theme Female 508:513 arg1 rats 522:525 Female Wistar rats 508:525 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy 508:559 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 11 26 theme maternal 1610:1617 arg1 diet 1623:1626 maternal HFS diet 1610:1626 maternal HFS diet during lactation 1610:1643 In conclusion, maternal HFS diet during lactation influenced the response to an obesogenic diet in the adult progeny. 25084068 10 27 theme previous 1321:1328 arg1 HFS 1339:1341 previous maternal HFS 1321:1341 previous maternal HFS 1321:1341 In those animals HFS fed during adulthood, previous maternal HFS decreased Lepr and Dnmt1 expression levels when compared with c-HFS offspring, while the supplementation of control and HFS-fed dams, respectively, induced higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels after adult HFS intake compared with hfs-HFS offspring. 25084068 10 28 theme hfs-HFS 1576:1582 arg1 offspring 1584:1592 hfs-HFS offspring 1576:1592 hfs-HFS offspring 1576:1592 In those animals HFS fed during adulthood, previous maternal HFS decreased Lepr and Dnmt1 expression levels when compared with c-HFS offspring, while the supplementation of control and HFS-fed dams, respectively, induced higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels after adult HFS intake compared with hfs-HFS offspring. 25084068 11 29 theme HFS 1619:1621 arg1 diet 1623:1626 maternal HFS diet 1610:1626 maternal HFS diet during lactation 1610:1643 In conclusion, maternal HFS diet during lactation influenced the response to an obesogenic diet in the adult progeny. 25084068 5 30 theme 12th 823:826 arg1 week 818:821 week 12th 818:826 week 12th 818:826 At weaning, the male offspring was transferred to a chow diet and at week 12th assigned to a control or a HFS diet during 8 weeks. 25084068 10 31 theme control 1451:1457 arg1 dams 1471:1474 control and HFS-fed dams 1451:1474 dams 1471:1474 In those animals HFS fed during adulthood, previous maternal HFS decreased Lepr and Dnmt1 expression levels when compared with c-HFS offspring, while the supplementation of control and HFS-fed dams, respectively, induced higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels after adult HFS intake compared with hfs-HFS offspring. 25084068 3 32 dep high-fat-sucrose 423:438 arg1 HFS 441:443 HFS 441:443 HFS 441:443 For this purpose, we assessed the response to an obesogenic diet (high-fat-sucrose, HFS) during adulthood depending on maternal diet during lactation. 25084068 12 33 theme fat 1823:1825 arg1 accumulation 1827:1838 liver fat accumulation 1817:1838 liver fat accumulation 1817:1838 Interestingly, dietary methyl donor supplementation in lactating mothers fed an obesogenic diet reduced liver fat accumulation, but increased adipose tissue storage in adult HFS-fed offspring. 25084068 4 34 theme folic 678:682 arg1 acid 684:687 folic acid 678:687 folic acid 678:687 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 4 34 theme folic 678:682 arg1 choline 660:666 choline 660:666 choline 660:666 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 3 35 theme obesogenic 406:415 arg1 high-fat-sucrose 423:438 high-fat-sucrose 423:438 high-fat-sucrose 423:438 For this purpose, we assessed the response to an obesogenic diet (high-fat-sucrose, HFS) during adulthood depending on maternal diet during lactation. 25084068 3 35 theme obesogenic 406:415 arg1 diet 417:420 an obesogenic diet 403:420 an obesogenic diet (high-fat-sucrose, HFS) 403:444 For this purpose, we assessed the response to an obesogenic diet (high-fat-sucrose, HFS) during adulthood depending on maternal diet during lactation. 25084068 12 36 theme methyl 1736:1741 arg1 supplementation 1749:1763 dietary methyl donor supplementation 1728:1763 dietary methyl donor supplementation in lactating mothers fed an obesogenic diet 1728:1807 Interestingly, dietary methyl donor supplementation in lactating mothers fed an obesogenic diet reduced liver fat accumulation, but increased adipose tissue storage in adult HFS-fed offspring. 25084068 2 37 theme perinatal 336:344 arg1 nutrition 346:354 perinatal nutrition 336:354 perinatal nutrition 336:354 We hypothesized that this protection could be mediated by perinatal nutrition. 25084068 11 38 from response 1660:1667 arg1 progeny 1704:1710 the adult progeny 1694:1710 the adult progeny 1694:1710 In conclusion, maternal HFS diet during lactation influenced the response to an obesogenic diet in the adult progeny. 25084068 12 39 theme donor 1743:1747 arg1 supplementation 1749:1763 dietary methyl donor supplementation 1728:1763 dietary methyl donor supplementation in lactating mothers fed an obesogenic diet 1728:1807 Interestingly, dietary methyl donor supplementation in lactating mothers fed an obesogenic diet reduced liver fat accumulation, but increased adipose tissue storage in adult HFS-fed offspring. 25084068 4 40 theme methyl 734:739 arg1 donors 741:746 methyl donors 734:746 methyl donors 734:746 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 3 41 theme maternal 476:483 arg1 diet 485:488 maternal diet 476:488 maternal diet during lactation 476:505 For this purpose, we assessed the response to an obesogenic diet (high-fat-sucrose, HFS) during adulthood depending on maternal diet during lactation. 25084068 0 42 theme methyl 21:26 arg1 donors 28:33 methyl donors 21:33 methyl donors 21:33 Supplementation with methyl donors during lactation to high-fat-sucrose-fed dams protects offspring against liver fat accumulation when consuming an obesogenic diet. 25084068 4 43 theme postpartum 583:592 arg1 control 619:625 control 619:625 control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12) 619:701 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 4 43 theme postpartum 583:592 arg1 HFS 712:714 HFS 712:714 HFS 712:714 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 4 43 theme postpartum 583:592 arg1 control 610:616 control 610:616 control 610:616 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 4 43 theme postpartum 583:592 arg1 HFS 704:706 HFS 704:706 HFS 704:706 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 4 43 theme postpartum 583:592 arg1 groups 602:607 four postpartum dietary groups 578:607 four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors 578:746 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 12 44 from storage 1870:1876 arg1 offspring 1895:1903 adult HFS-fed offspring 1881:1903 adult HFS-fed offspring 1881:1903 Interestingly, dietary methyl donor supplementation in lactating mothers fed an obesogenic diet reduced liver fat accumulation, but increased adipose tissue storage in adult HFS-fed offspring. 25084068 10 45 theme HFS 1551:1553 arg1 intake 1555:1560 adult HFS intake 1545:1560 adult HFS intake 1545:1560 In those animals HFS fed during adulthood, previous maternal HFS decreased Lepr and Dnmt1 expression levels when compared with c-HFS offspring, while the supplementation of control and HFS-fed dams, respectively, induced higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels after adult HFS intake compared with hfs-HFS offspring. 25084068 1 46 theme obesity-induced 224:238 arg1 accumulation 250:261 obesity-induced liver fat accumulation 224:261 obesity-induced liver fat accumulation in adult rats 224:275 Methyl donor supplementation has been reported to prevent obesity-induced liver fat accumulation in adult rats. 25084068 12 47 theme HFS-fed 1887:1893 arg1 offspring 1895:1903 adult HFS-fed offspring 1881:1903 adult HFS-fed offspring 1881:1903 Interestingly, dietary methyl donor supplementation in lactating mothers fed an obesogenic diet reduced liver fat accumulation, but increased adipose tissue storage in adult HFS-fed offspring. 25084068 10 48 theme maternal 1330:1337 arg1 HFS 1339:1341 previous maternal HFS 1321:1341 previous maternal HFS 1321:1341 In those animals HFS fed during adulthood, previous maternal HFS decreased Lepr and Dnmt1 expression levels when compared with c-HFS offspring, while the supplementation of control and HFS-fed dams, respectively, induced higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels after adult HFS intake compared with hfs-HFS offspring. 25084068 8 49 theme lower 1152:1156 arg1 accumulation 1168:1179 lower liver fat accumulation 1152:1179 lower liver fat accumulation 1152:1179 However, they showed lower liver fat accumulation (-18%, P<0.001). 25084068 12 50 theme obesogenic 1793:1802 arg1 diet 1804:1807 an obesogenic diet 1790:1807 an obesogenic diet 1790:1807 Interestingly, dietary methyl donor supplementation in lactating mothers fed an obesogenic diet reduced liver fat accumulation, but increased adipose tissue storage in adult HFS-fed offspring. 25084068 12 51 from supplementation 1749:1763 arg1 mothers 1778:1784 lactating mothers 1768:1784 lactating mothers fed an obesogenic diet 1768:1807 Interestingly, dietary methyl donor supplementation in lactating mothers fed an obesogenic diet reduced liver fat accumulation, but increased adipose tissue storage in adult HFS-fed offspring. 25084068 1 52 theme liver 240:244 arg1 accumulation 250:261 obesity-induced liver fat accumulation 224:261 obesity-induced liver fat accumulation in adult rats 224:275 Methyl donor supplementation has been reported to prevent obesity-induced liver fat accumulation in adult rats. 25084068 10 53 theme dams 1471:1474 arg1 supplementation 1432:1446 the supplementation 1428:1446 the supplementation of control and HFS-fed dams 1428:1474 In those animals HFS fed during adulthood, previous maternal HFS decreased Lepr and Dnmt1 expression levels when compared with c-HFS offspring, while the supplementation of control and HFS-fed dams, respectively, induced higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels after adult HFS intake compared with hfs-HFS offspring. 25084068 9 54 theme Dnmt1 1206:1210 arg1 levels 1232:1237 Srebf1, Dnmt1 and Lepr liver mRNA levels 1198:1237 Srebf1, Dnmt1 and Lepr liver mRNA levels 1198:1237 Srebf1, Dnmt1 and Lepr liver mRNA levels increased after adulthood HFS feeding. 25084068 0 55 theme obesogenic 149:158 arg1 diet 160:163 an obesogenic diet 146:163 an obesogenic diet 146:163 Supplementation with methyl donors during lactation to high-fat-sucrose-fed dams protects offspring against liver fat accumulation when consuming an obesogenic diet. 25084068 4 56 dep groups 602:607 arg1 control 619:625 control 619:625 control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12) 619:701 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 4 56 dep groups 602:607 arg1 HFS 712:714 HFS 712:714 HFS 712:714 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 4 56 dep groups 602:607 arg1 control 610:616 control 610:616 control 610:616 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 4 56 dep groups 602:607 arg1 HFS 704:706 HFS 704:706 HFS 704:706 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 4 56 dep groups 602:607 arg1 groups 602:607 four postpartum dietary groups 578:607 four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors 578:746 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 12 57 theme lactating 1768:1776 arg1 mothers 1778:1784 lactating mothers 1768:1784 lactating mothers fed an obesogenic diet 1768:1807 Interestingly, dietary methyl donor supplementation in lactating mothers fed an obesogenic diet reduced liver fat accumulation, but increased adipose tissue storage in adult HFS-fed offspring. 25084068 1 58 theme fat 246:248 arg1 accumulation 250:261 obesity-induced liver fat accumulation 224:261 obesity-induced liver fat accumulation in adult rats 224:275 Methyl donor supplementation has been reported to prevent obesity-induced liver fat accumulation in adult rats. 25084068 0 59 theme high-fat-sucrose-fed 55:74 arg1 dams 76:79 high-fat-sucrose-fed dams 55:79 high-fat-sucrose-fed dams 55:79 Supplementation with methyl donors during lactation to high-fat-sucrose-fed dams protects offspring against liver fat accumulation when consuming an obesogenic diet. 25084068 10 60 theme expression 1368:1377 arg1 levels 1379:1384 Lepr and Dnmt1 expression levels 1353:1384 levels 1379:1384 In those animals HFS fed during adulthood, previous maternal HFS decreased Lepr and Dnmt1 expression levels when compared with c-HFS offspring, while the supplementation of control and HFS-fed dams, respectively, induced higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels after adult HFS intake compared with hfs-HFS offspring. 25084068 12 61 theme tissue 1863:1868 arg1 storage 1870:1876 adipose tissue storage 1855:1876 adipose tissue storage in adult HFS-fed offspring 1855:1903 Interestingly, dietary methyl donor supplementation in lactating mothers fed an obesogenic diet reduced liver fat accumulation, but increased adipose tissue storage in adult HFS-fed offspring. 25084068 4 62 dep donors 652:657 arg1 betaine 669:675 betaine 669:675 betaine 669:675 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 4 62 dep donors 652:657 arg1 acid 684:687 folic acid 678:687 folic acid 678:687 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 4 62 dep donors 652:657 arg1 choline 660:666 choline 660:666 choline 660:666 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 4 62 dep donors 652:657 arg1 B12 698:700 vitamin B12 690:700 vitamin B12 690:700 Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors. 25084068 5 63 theme HFS 855:857 arg1 diet 859:862 a control or a HFS diet 840:862 diet 859:862 At weaning, the male offspring was transferred to a chow diet and at week 12th assigned to a control or a HFS diet during 8 weeks. 25084068 9 64 theme Srebf1 1198:1203 arg1 levels 1232:1237 Srebf1, Dnmt1 and Lepr liver mRNA levels 1198:1237 Srebf1, Dnmt1 and Lepr liver mRNA levels 1198:1237 Srebf1, Dnmt1 and Lepr liver mRNA levels increased after adulthood HFS feeding. 25084068 9 65 theme Lepr 1216:1219 arg1 levels 1232:1237 Srebf1, Dnmt1 and Lepr liver mRNA levels 1198:1237 Srebf1, Dnmt1 and Lepr liver mRNA levels 1198:1237 Srebf1, Dnmt1 and Lepr liver mRNA levels increased after adulthood HFS feeding. 25084068 10 66 theme Dnmt1 1362:1366 arg1 levels 1379:1384 Lepr and Dnmt1 expression levels 1353:1384 levels 1379:1384 In those animals HFS fed during adulthood, previous maternal HFS decreased Lepr and Dnmt1 expression levels when compared with c-HFS offspring, while the supplementation of control and HFS-fed dams, respectively, induced higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels after adult HFS intake compared with hfs-HFS offspring. 25084068 8 67 theme liver 1158:1162 arg1 accumulation 1168:1179 lower liver fat accumulation 1152:1179 lower liver fat accumulation 1152:1179 However, they showed lower liver fat accumulation (-18%, P<0.001). 25084068 9 68 theme liver 1221:1225 arg1 levels 1232:1237 Srebf1, Dnmt1 and Lepr liver mRNA levels 1198:1237 Srebf1, Dnmt1 and Lepr liver mRNA levels 1198:1237 Srebf1, Dnmt1 and Lepr liver mRNA levels increased after adulthood HFS feeding. 25084068 1 69 from accumulation 250:261 arg1 rats 272:275 adult rats 266:275 adult rats 266:275 Methyl donor supplementation has been reported to prevent obesity-induced liver fat accumulation in adult rats. 25084068 11 70 theme adult 1698:1702 arg1 progeny 1704:1710 the adult progeny 1694:1710 the adult progeny 1694:1710 In conclusion, maternal HFS diet during lactation influenced the response to an obesogenic diet in the adult progeny. 25084068 0 71 with Supplementation 0:14 arg1 donors 28:33 methyl donors 21:33 methyl donors 21:33 Supplementation with methyl donors during lactation to high-fat-sucrose-fed dams protects offspring against liver fat accumulation when consuming an obesogenic diet. 25084068 11 72 theme obesogenic 1675:1684 arg1 diet 1686:1689 an obesogenic diet 1672:1689 an obesogenic diet 1672:1689 In conclusion, maternal HFS diet during lactation influenced the response to an obesogenic diet in the adult progeny. 25084068 9 73 theme mRNA 1227:1230 arg1 levels 1232:1237 Srebf1, Dnmt1 and Lepr liver mRNA levels 1198:1237 Srebf1, Dnmt1 and Lepr liver mRNA levels 1198:1237 Srebf1, Dnmt1 and Lepr liver mRNA levels increased after adulthood HFS feeding. 25084068 10 74 theme Lepr 1353:1356 arg1 levels 1379:1384 Lepr and Dnmt1 expression levels 1353:1384 levels 1379:1384 In those animals HFS fed during adulthood, previous maternal HFS decreased Lepr and Dnmt1 expression levels when compared with c-HFS offspring, while the supplementation of control and HFS-fed dams, respectively, induced higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels after adult HFS intake compared with hfs-HFS offspring. 25084068 9 75 theme HFS 1265:1267 arg1 feeding 1269:1275 adulthood HFS feeding 1255:1275 adulthood HFS feeding 1255:1275 Srebf1, Dnmt1 and Lepr liver mRNA levels increased after adulthood HFS feeding. 25084068 10 76 theme Lepr 1522:1525 arg1 levels 1532:1537 higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels 1499:1537 levels 1532:1537 In those animals HFS fed during adulthood, previous maternal HFS decreased Lepr and Dnmt1 expression levels when compared with c-HFS offspring, while the supplementation of control and HFS-fed dams, respectively, induced higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels after adult HFS intake compared with hfs-HFS offspring. 25084068 10 77 theme hepatic 1506:1512 arg1 Mme 1514:1516 higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels 1499:1537 Mme 1514:1516 In those animals HFS fed during adulthood, previous maternal HFS decreased Lepr and Dnmt1 expression levels when compared with c-HFS offspring, while the supplementation of control and HFS-fed dams, respectively, induced higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels after adult HFS intake compared with hfs-HFS offspring. 25084068 5 78 theme chow 801:804 arg1 diet 806:809 a chow diet 799:809 a chow diet 799:809 At weaning, the male offspring was transferred to a chow diet and at week 12th assigned to a control or a HFS diet during 8 weeks. 25084068 1 79 theme adult 266:270 arg1 rats 272:275 adult rats 266:275 adult rats 266:275 Methyl donor supplementation has been reported to prevent obesity-induced liver fat accumulation in adult rats. 25084068 5 80 theme male 765:768 arg1 offspring 770:778 the male offspring 761:778 the male offspring 761:778 At weaning, the male offspring was transferred to a chow diet and at week 12th assigned to a control or a HFS diet during 8 weeks. 25084068 10 81 dep fed 1299:1301 arg1 animals 1287:1293 those animals 1281:1293 those animals HFS fed during adulthood 1281:1318 In those animals HFS fed during adulthood, previous maternal HFS decreased Lepr and Dnmt1 expression levels when compared with c-HFS offspring, while the supplementation of control and HFS-fed dams, respectively, induced higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels after adult HFS intake compared with hfs-HFS offspring. 25084068 10 81 dep fed 1299:1301 arg1 HFS 1295:1297 HFS 1295:1297 HFS 1295:1297 In those animals HFS fed during adulthood, previous maternal HFS decreased Lepr and Dnmt1 expression levels when compared with c-HFS offspring, while the supplementation of control and HFS-fed dams, respectively, induced higher hepatic Mme and Lepr mRNA levels after adult HFS intake compared with hfs-HFS offspring. 25084068 7 82 theme body 1069:1072 arg1 fat 1074:1076 more body fat 1064:1076 more body fat (23%, P<0.001) 1064:1091 When fed the HFS diet as adults, offspring whose mothers were HFS supplemented had more body fat (23%, P<0.001) than those from HFS non-supplemented. 25084068 1 83 theme Methyl 166:171 arg1 supplementation 179:193 Methyl donor supplementation 166:193 Methyl donor supplementation 166:193 Methyl donor supplementation has been reported to prevent obesity-induced liver fat accumulation in adult rats. 25084068 6 84 theme increased 945:953 arg1 adiposity 955:963 increased adiposity 945:963 increased adiposity (19%, P<0.001) 945:978 The offspring whose mothers were fed HFS during lactation showed increased adiposity (19%, P<0.001). 24613257 7 0 theme increased 1166:1174 arg1 robustness 1176:1185 a markedly increased robustness 1155:1185 a markedly increased robustness of the O-glycan profiling method 1155:1218 The data for the O-glycans released by hydrazine with anhydrous EDTA or disodium salt dihydrate EDTA show high yields of the native O-glycans compared with the peeled product, resulting in a markedly increased robustness of the O-glycan profiling method. 24613257 7 1 theme disodium 1038:1045 arg1 EDTA 1062:1065 disodium salt dihydrate EDTA 1038:1065 disodium salt dihydrate EDTA 1038:1065 The data for the O-glycans released by hydrazine with anhydrous EDTA or disodium salt dihydrate EDTA show high yields of the native O-glycans compared with the peeled product, resulting in a markedly increased robustness of the O-glycan profiling method. 24613257 7 2 theme native 1091:1096 arg1 O-glycans 1098:1106 the native O-glycans 1087:1106 the native O-glycans 1087:1106 The data for the O-glycans released by hydrazine with anhydrous EDTA or disodium salt dihydrate EDTA show high yields of the native O-glycans compared with the peeled product, resulting in a markedly increased robustness of the O-glycan profiling method. 24613257 7 3 theme peeled 1126:1131 arg1 product 1133:1139 the peeled product 1122:1139 the peeled product 1122:1139 The data for the O-glycans released by hydrazine with anhydrous EDTA or disodium salt dihydrate EDTA show high yields of the native O-glycans compared with the peeled product, resulting in a markedly increased robustness of the O-glycan profiling method. 24613257 4 4 theme unwanted 569:576 arg1 degradation 578:588 an unwanted degradation 566:588 an unwanted degradation known as "peeling" 566:607 However, an unwanted degradation known as "peeling" often compromises hydrazinolysis for O-glycan analysis. 24613257 3 5 dep hydrazinolysis 422:435 arg1 profiling 546:554 profiling 546:554 profiling 546:554 An established approach for O-glycan analysis relies on their chemical release in high yield by hydrazinolysis, followed by fluorescent labeling at the reducing terminus and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling. 24613257 7 6 theme anhydrous 1020:1028 arg1 EDTA 1030:1033 anhydrous EDTA 1020:1033 anhydrous EDTA 1020:1033 The data for the O-glycans released by hydrazine with anhydrous EDTA or disodium salt dihydrate EDTA show high yields of the native O-glycans compared with the peeled product, resulting in a markedly increased robustness of the O-glycan profiling method. 24613257 1 7 theme medical 190:196 arg1 research 221:228 biological, medical, and biopharmaceutical research 178:228 biological, medical, and biopharmaceutical research 178:228 The study of protein O-glycosylation is receiving increasing attention in biological, medical, and biopharmaceutical research. 24613257 6 8 theme immunoglobulin 942:955 arg1 IgA 960:962 IgA 960:962 IgA 960:962 O-linked glycans from a range of different glycoproteins were analyzed, including bovine fetuin, bovine submaxillary gland mucin, and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA). 24613257 6 8 theme immunoglobulin 942:955 arg1 A 957:957 serum immunoglobulin A 936:957 serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) 936:963 O-linked glycans from a range of different glycoproteins were analyzed, including bovine fetuin, bovine submaxillary gland mucin, and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA). 24613257 3 9 theme high 408:411 arg1 yield 413:417 high yield 408:417 high yield 408:417 An established approach for O-glycan analysis relies on their chemical release in high yield by hydrazinolysis, followed by fluorescent labeling at the reducing terminus and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling. 24613257 5 10 theme ethylenediaminetetraacetic 728:753 arg1 EDTA 761:764 EDTA 761:764 EDTA 761:764 Here we addressed this problem using low-molarity solutions of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in hydrazine for O-glycan release. 24613257 5 10 theme ethylenediaminetetraacetic 728:753 arg1 acid 755:758 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 728:758 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 728:765 Here we addressed this problem using low-molarity solutions of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in hydrazine for O-glycan release. 24613257 5 11 theme acid 755:758 arg1 solutions 715:723 low-molarity solutions 702:723 low-molarity solutions of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 702:765 Here we addressed this problem using low-molarity solutions of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in hydrazine for O-glycan release. 24613257 6 12 theme bovine 884:889 arg1 fetuin 891:896 bovine fetuin 884:896 bovine fetuin 884:896 O-linked glycans from a range of different glycoproteins were analyzed, including bovine fetuin, bovine submaxillary gland mucin, and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA). 24613257 4 13 theme O-glycan 646:653 arg1 analysis 655:662 O-glycan analysis 646:662 O-glycan analysis 646:662 However, an unwanted degradation known as "peeling" often compromises hydrazinolysis for O-glycan analysis. 24613257 8 14 theme presented 1225:1233 arg1 method 1235:1240 The presented method 1221:1240 The presented method for O-glycan release 1221:1261 The presented method for O-glycan release demonstrates significant reduction in peeling and reduces the number of sample handling steps prior to release. 24613257 8 15 theme prior 1357:1361 arg1 steps 1351:1355 sample handling steps 1335:1355 sample handling steps prior to release 1335:1372 The presented method for O-glycan release demonstrates significant reduction in peeling and reduces the number of sample handling steps prior to release. 24613257 7 16 theme high 1072:1075 arg1 yields 1077:1082 high yields 1072:1082 high yields of the native O-glycans 1072:1106 The data for the O-glycans released by hydrazine with anhydrous EDTA or disodium salt dihydrate EDTA show high yields of the native O-glycans compared with the peeled product, resulting in a markedly increased robustness of the O-glycan profiling method. 24613257 7 17 theme O-glycan 1194:1201 arg1 method 1213:1218 the O-glycan profiling method 1190:1218 the O-glycan profiling method 1190:1218 The data for the O-glycans released by hydrazine with anhydrous EDTA or disodium salt dihydrate EDTA show high yields of the native O-glycans compared with the peeled product, resulting in a markedly increased robustness of the O-glycan profiling method. 24613257 2 18 theme O-glycans 315:323 arg1 analysis 303:310 reproducible and quantitative analysis 273:310 reproducible and quantitative analysis of O-glycans 273:323 Improved techniques are required to allow reproducible and quantitative analysis of O-glycans. 24613257 0 19 theme nonreductive 9:20 arg1 release 31:37 nonreductive O-glycan release 9:37 nonreductive O-glycan release 9:37 Improved nonreductive O-glycan release by hydrazinolysis with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid addition. 24613257 8 20 theme significant 1276:1286 arg1 reduction 1288:1296 significant reduction 1276:1296 significant reduction in peeling 1276:1307 The presented method for O-glycan release demonstrates significant reduction in peeling and reduces the number of sample handling steps prior to release. 24613257 8 21 from reduction 1288:1296 arg1 peeling 1301:1307 peeling 1301:1307 peeling 1301:1307 The presented method for O-glycan release demonstrates significant reduction in peeling and reduces the number of sample handling steps prior to release. 24613257 1 22 theme biopharmaceutical 203:219 arg1 research 221:228 biological, medical, and biopharmaceutical research 178:228 biological, medical, and biopharmaceutical research 178:228 The study of protein O-glycosylation is receiving increasing attention in biological, medical, and biopharmaceutical research. 24613257 5 23 theme low-molarity 702:713 arg1 solutions 715:723 low-molarity solutions 702:723 low-molarity solutions of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 702:765 Here we addressed this problem using low-molarity solutions of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in hydrazine for O-glycan release. 24613257 3 24 theme reducing 478:485 arg1 terminus 487:494 the reducing terminus 474:494 the reducing terminus 474:494 An established approach for O-glycan analysis relies on their chemical release in high yield by hydrazinolysis, followed by fluorescent labeling at the reducing terminus and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling. 24613257 7 25 theme method 1213:1218 arg1 robustness 1176:1185 a markedly increased robustness 1155:1185 a markedly increased robustness of the O-glycan profiling method 1155:1218 The data for the O-glycans released by hydrazine with anhydrous EDTA or disodium salt dihydrate EDTA show high yields of the native O-glycans compared with the peeled product, resulting in a markedly increased robustness of the O-glycan profiling method. 24613257 4 26 theme peeling 600:606 arg1 " 607:607 "peeling" 599:607 "peeling" 599:607 However, an unwanted degradation known as "peeling" often compromises hydrazinolysis for O-glycan analysis. 24613257 6 27 theme glycoproteins 845:857 arg1 range 826:830 a range 824:830 a range of different glycoproteins 824:857 O-linked glycans from a range of different glycoproteins were analyzed, including bovine fetuin, bovine submaxillary gland mucin, and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA). 24613257 1 28 theme protein 117:123 arg1 O-glycosylation 125:139 protein O-glycosylation 117:139 protein O-glycosylation 117:139 The study of protein O-glycosylation is receiving increasing attention in biological, medical, and biopharmaceutical research. 24613257 0 29 theme O-glycan 22:29 arg1 release 31:37 nonreductive O-glycan release 9:37 nonreductive O-glycan release 9:37 Improved nonreductive O-glycan release by hydrazinolysis with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid addition. 24613257 6 30 gly glycoproteins 845:857 arg1 glycoproteins 845:857 different glycoproteins 835:857 different glycoproteins 835:857 O-linked glycans from a range of different glycoproteins were analyzed, including bovine fetuin, bovine submaxillary gland mucin, and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA). 24613257 3 31 theme established 329:339 arg1 approach 341:348 An established approach 326:348 An established approach for O-glycan analysis 326:370 An established approach for O-glycan analysis relies on their chemical release in high yield by hydrazinolysis, followed by fluorescent labeling at the reducing terminus and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling. 24613257 3 32 from release 397:403 arg1 yield 413:417 high yield 408:417 high yield 408:417 An established approach for O-glycan analysis relies on their chemical release in high yield by hydrazinolysis, followed by fluorescent labeling at the reducing terminus and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling. 24613257 1 33 theme O-glycosylation 125:139 arg1 study 108:112 The study 104:112 The study of protein O-glycosylation 104:139 The study of protein O-glycosylation is receiving increasing attention in biological, medical, and biopharmaceutical research. 24613257 6 34 link O-linked 802:809 arg1 glycans 811:817 O-linked glycans 802:817 O-linked glycans from a range of different glycoproteins 802:857 O-linked glycans from a range of different glycoproteins were analyzed, including bovine fetuin, bovine submaxillary gland mucin, and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA). 24613257 5 35 theme O-glycan 784:791 arg1 release 793:799 O-glycan release 784:799 O-glycan release 784:799 Here we addressed this problem using low-molarity solutions of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in hydrazine for O-glycan release. 24613257 6 36 theme serum 936:940 arg1 IgA 960:962 IgA 960:962 IgA 960:962 O-linked glycans from a range of different glycoproteins were analyzed, including bovine fetuin, bovine submaxillary gland mucin, and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA). 24613257 6 36 theme serum 936:940 arg1 A 957:957 serum immunoglobulin A 936:957 serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) 936:963 O-linked glycans from a range of different glycoproteins were analyzed, including bovine fetuin, bovine submaxillary gland mucin, and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA). 24613257 2 37 theme reproducible 273:284 arg1 analysis 303:310 reproducible and quantitative analysis 273:310 reproducible and quantitative analysis of O-glycans 273:323 Improved techniques are required to allow reproducible and quantitative analysis of O-glycans. 24613257 3 38 theme high-performance 500:515 arg1 HPLC 540:543 HPLC 540:543 HPLC 540:543 An established approach for O-glycan analysis relies on their chemical release in high yield by hydrazinolysis, followed by fluorescent labeling at the reducing terminus and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling. 24613257 3 38 theme high-performance 500:515 arg1 chromatography 524:537 high-performance liquid chromatography 500:537 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 500:544 An established approach for O-glycan analysis relies on their chemical release in high yield by hydrazinolysis, followed by fluorescent labeling at the reducing terminus and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling. 24613257 7 39 theme profiling 1203:1211 arg1 method 1213:1218 the O-glycan profiling method 1190:1218 the O-glycan profiling method 1190:1218 The data for the O-glycans released by hydrazine with anhydrous EDTA or disodium salt dihydrate EDTA show high yields of the native O-glycans compared with the peeled product, resulting in a markedly increased robustness of the O-glycan profiling method. 24613257 7 40 with hydrazine 1005:1013 arg1 EDTA 1062:1065 disodium salt dihydrate EDTA 1038:1065 disodium salt dihydrate EDTA 1038:1065 The data for the O-glycans released by hydrazine with anhydrous EDTA or disodium salt dihydrate EDTA show high yields of the native O-glycans compared with the peeled product, resulting in a markedly increased robustness of the O-glycan profiling method. 24613257 7 40 with hydrazine 1005:1013 arg1 EDTA 1030:1033 anhydrous EDTA 1020:1033 anhydrous EDTA 1020:1033 The data for the O-glycans released by hydrazine with anhydrous EDTA or disodium salt dihydrate EDTA show high yields of the native O-glycans compared with the peeled product, resulting in a markedly increased robustness of the O-glycan profiling method. 24613257 8 41 theme handling 1342:1349 arg1 steps 1351:1355 sample handling steps 1335:1355 sample handling steps prior to release 1335:1372 The presented method for O-glycan release demonstrates significant reduction in peeling and reduces the number of sample handling steps prior to release. 24613257 6 42 theme different 835:843 arg1 glycoproteins 845:857 different glycoproteins 835:857 different glycoproteins 835:857 O-linked glycans from a range of different glycoproteins were analyzed, including bovine fetuin, bovine submaxillary gland mucin, and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA). 24613257 3 43 theme liquid 517:522 arg1 HPLC 540:543 HPLC 540:543 HPLC 540:543 An established approach for O-glycan analysis relies on their chemical release in high yield by hydrazinolysis, followed by fluorescent labeling at the reducing terminus and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling. 24613257 3 43 theme liquid 517:522 arg1 chromatography 524:537 high-performance liquid chromatography 500:537 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 500:544 An established approach for O-glycan analysis relies on their chemical release in high yield by hydrazinolysis, followed by fluorescent labeling at the reducing terminus and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling. 24613257 0 44 theme ethylenediaminetetraacetic 62:87 arg1 addition 94:101 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid addition 62:101 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid addition 62:101 Improved nonreductive O-glycan release by hydrazinolysis with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid addition. 24613257 3 45 theme O-glycan 354:361 arg1 analysis 363:370 O-glycan analysis 354:370 O-glycan analysis 354:370 An established approach for O-glycan analysis relies on their chemical release in high yield by hydrazinolysis, followed by fluorescent labeling at the reducing terminus and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling. 24613257 0 46 theme acid 89:92 arg1 addition 94:101 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid addition 62:101 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid addition 62:101 Improved nonreductive O-glycan release by hydrazinolysis with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid addition. 24613257 6 47 from range 826:830 arg1 glycans 811:817 O-linked glycans 802:817 O-linked glycans from a range of different glycoproteins 802:857 O-linked glycans from a range of different glycoproteins were analyzed, including bovine fetuin, bovine submaxillary gland mucin, and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA). 24613257 3 48 theme fluorescent 450:460 arg1 labeling 462:469 fluorescent labeling 450:469 fluorescent labeling at the reducing terminus 450:494 An established approach for O-glycan analysis relies on their chemical release in high yield by hydrazinolysis, followed by fluorescent labeling at the reducing terminus and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling. 24613257 7 49 theme O-glycans 1098:1106 arg1 yields 1077:1082 high yields 1072:1082 high yields of the native O-glycans 1072:1106 The data for the O-glycans released by hydrazine with anhydrous EDTA or disodium salt dihydrate EDTA show high yields of the native O-glycans compared with the peeled product, resulting in a markedly increased robustness of the O-glycan profiling method. 24613257 8 50 theme steps 1351:1355 arg1 number 1325:1330 the number 1321:1330 the number of sample handling steps prior to release 1321:1372 The presented method for O-glycan release demonstrates significant reduction in peeling and reduces the number of sample handling steps prior to release. 24613257 7 51 theme dihydrate 1052:1060 arg1 EDTA 1062:1065 disodium salt dihydrate EDTA 1038:1065 disodium salt dihydrate EDTA 1038:1065 The data for the O-glycans released by hydrazine with anhydrous EDTA or disodium salt dihydrate EDTA show high yields of the native O-glycans compared with the peeled product, resulting in a markedly increased robustness of the O-glycan profiling method. 24613257 6 52 theme gland 919:923 arg1 mucin 925:929 bovine submaxillary gland mucin 899:929 bovine submaxillary gland mucin 899:929 O-linked glycans from a range of different glycoproteins were analyzed, including bovine fetuin, bovine submaxillary gland mucin, and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA). 24613257 3 53 from terminus 487:494 arg1 labeling 462:469 fluorescent labeling 450:469 fluorescent labeling at the reducing terminus 450:494 An established approach for O-glycan analysis relies on their chemical release in high yield by hydrazinolysis, followed by fluorescent labeling at the reducing terminus and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling. 24613257 8 54 theme sample 1335:1340 arg1 steps 1351:1355 sample handling steps 1335:1355 sample handling steps prior to release 1335:1372 The presented method for O-glycan release demonstrates significant reduction in peeling and reduces the number of sample handling steps prior to release. 24613257 2 55 theme Improved 231:238 arg1 techniques 240:249 Improved techniques 231:249 Improved techniques 231:249 Improved techniques are required to allow reproducible and quantitative analysis of O-glycans. 24613257 6 56 theme O-linked 802:809 arg1 glycans 811:817 O-linked glycans 802:817 O-linked glycans from a range of different glycoproteins 802:857 O-linked glycans from a range of different glycoproteins were analyzed, including bovine fetuin, bovine submaxillary gland mucin, and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA). 24613257 7 57 theme salt 1047:1050 arg1 EDTA 1062:1065 disodium salt dihydrate EDTA 1038:1065 disodium salt dihydrate EDTA 1038:1065 The data for the O-glycans released by hydrazine with anhydrous EDTA or disodium salt dihydrate EDTA show high yields of the native O-glycans compared with the peeled product, resulting in a markedly increased robustness of the O-glycan profiling method. 24613257 6 58 theme bovine 899:904 arg1 mucin 925:929 bovine submaxillary gland mucin 899:929 bovine submaxillary gland mucin 899:929 O-linked glycans from a range of different glycoproteins were analyzed, including bovine fetuin, bovine submaxillary gland mucin, and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA). 24613257 2 59 theme quantitative 290:301 arg1 analysis 303:310 reproducible and quantitative analysis 273:310 reproducible and quantitative analysis of O-glycans 273:323 Improved techniques are required to allow reproducible and quantitative analysis of O-glycans. 24613257 6 60 theme submaxillary 906:917 arg1 mucin 925:929 bovine submaxillary gland mucin 899:929 bovine submaxillary gland mucin 899:929 O-linked glycans from a range of different glycoproteins were analyzed, including bovine fetuin, bovine submaxillary gland mucin, and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA). 24613257 3 61 theme chemical 388:395 arg1 release 397:403 their chemical release 382:403 their chemical release in high yield by hydrazinolysis, followed by fluorescent labeling at the reducing terminus and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling 382:554 An established approach for O-glycan analysis relies on their chemical release in high yield by hydrazinolysis, followed by fluorescent labeling at the reducing terminus and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling. 24613257 8 62 theme O-glycan 1246:1253 arg1 release 1255:1261 O-glycan release 1246:1261 O-glycan release 1246:1261 The presented method for O-glycan release demonstrates significant reduction in peeling and reduces the number of sample handling steps prior to release. 24613257 0 63 with hydrazinolysis 42:55 arg1 addition 94:101 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid addition 62:101 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid addition 62:101 Improved nonreductive O-glycan release by hydrazinolysis with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid addition. 24613257 1 64 theme biological 178:187 arg1 research 221:228 biological, medical, and biopharmaceutical research 178:228 biological, medical, and biopharmaceutical research 178:228 The study of protein O-glycosylation is receiving increasing attention in biological, medical, and biopharmaceutical research. 27293214 7 0 theme Acid 700:703 arg1 hydrolysis 705:714 Acid hydrolysis 700:714 Acid hydrolysis of MUP with 6 N HCl 700:734 Acid hydrolysis of MUP with 6 N HCl liberates N-linked Hcy as Hcy-thiolactone, which is then extracted with chloroform/methanol. 27293214 8 1 theme authentic 882:890 arg1 Hcy-thiolactone 892:906 an authentic Hcy-thiolactone 879:906 an authentic Hcy-thiolactone 879:906 Ferritin is used as an N-Hcy-protein standard and an authentic Hcy-thiolactone is used to monitor the efficiency of extraction. 27293214 9 2 theme high-performance 1082:1097 arg1 post-column 1122:1132 post-column 1122:1132 post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde 1122:1168 Hcy-thiolactone (free, derived from total Hcy, or from MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy) is separated by a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde, and quantified by fluorescence. 27293214 9 2 theme high-performance 1082:1097 arg1 chromatography 1106:1119 a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography 1064:1119 a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography 1064:1119 Hcy-thiolactone (free, derived from total Hcy, or from MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy) is separated by a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde, and quantified by fluorescence. 27293214 0 3 from Quantification 0:13 arg1 mice 93:96 mice 93:96 mice 93:96 Quantification of urinary S- and N-homocysteinylated protein and homocysteine-thiolactone in mice. 27293214 10 4 link N-linked 1279:1286 arg1 Hcy 1301:1303 N-linked and S-linked Hcy 1279:1303 N-linked and S-linked Hcy 1279:1303 Using these assays with as little as 2-20 μL of urine I show that MUP carry N-linked and S-linked Hcy and that N-Hcy-MUP and S-Hcy-MUP and Hcy-thiolactone are severely elevated in cystathionine β-synthase-deficient mice. 27293214 6 5 with reduction 636:644 arg1 dithiothreitol 651:664 dithiothreitol 651:664 dithiothreitol 651:664 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy is liberated from the protein by reduction with dithiothreitol and converted to Hcy-thiolactone. 27293214 1 6 dep metabolites 126:136 arg1 metabolites 126:136 its metabolites 122:136 its metabolites Hcy-thiolactone, N-Hcy-protein, and S-Hcy-protein 122:186 Homocysteine (Hcy) and its metabolites Hcy-thiolactone, N-Hcy-protein, and S-Hcy-protein are implicated in vascular and neurological diseases. 27293214 1 6 dep metabolites 126:136 arg1 N-Hcy-protein 155:167 N-Hcy-protein 155:167 N-Hcy-protein 155:167 Homocysteine (Hcy) and its metabolites Hcy-thiolactone, N-Hcy-protein, and S-Hcy-protein are implicated in vascular and neurological diseases. 27293214 1 6 dep metabolites 126:136 arg1 S-Hcy-protein 174:186 S-Hcy-protein 174:186 S-Hcy-protein 174:186 Homocysteine (Hcy) and its metabolites Hcy-thiolactone, N-Hcy-protein, and S-Hcy-protein are implicated in vascular and neurological diseases. 27293214 1 6 dep metabolites 126:136 arg1 Hcy-thiolactone 138:152 Hcy-thiolactone 138:152 Hcy-thiolactone 138:152 Homocysteine (Hcy) and its metabolites Hcy-thiolactone, N-Hcy-protein, and S-Hcy-protein are implicated in vascular and neurological diseases. 27293214 5 7 theme Total 486:490 arg1 Hcy 492:494 Total Hcy 486:494 Total Hcy 486:494 Total Hcy is converted to Hcy-thiolactone in the presence of 1 N HCl. 27293214 10 8 theme urine 1251:1255 arg1 2-20 μL 1240:1246 2-20 μL 1240:1246 2-20 μL of urine I 1240:1257 Using these assays with as little as 2-20 μL of urine I show that MUP carry N-linked and S-linked Hcy and that N-Hcy-MUP and S-Hcy-MUP and Hcy-thiolactone are severely elevated in cystathionine β-synthase-deficient mice. 27293214 6 9 theme protein 570:576 arg1 Hcy 599:601 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy 556:601 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy 556:601 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy is liberated from the protein by reduction with dithiothreitol and converted to Hcy-thiolactone. 27293214 6 10 link S-linked 590:597 arg1 Hcy 599:601 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy 556:601 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy 556:601 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy is liberated from the protein by reduction with dithiothreitol and converted to Hcy-thiolactone. 27293214 7 11 with hydrolysis 705:714 arg1 HCl 732:734 6 N HCl 728:734 6 N HCl 728:734 Acid hydrolysis of MUP with 6 N HCl liberates N-linked Hcy as Hcy-thiolactone, which is then extracted with chloroform/methanol. 27293214 6 12 theme urinary 562:568 arg1 protein 570:576 Major urinary protein 556:576 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy 556:601 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy is liberated from the protein by reduction with dithiothreitol and converted to Hcy-thiolactone. 27293214 6 12 theme urinary 562:568 arg1 MUP 579:581 MUP 579:581 MUP 579:581 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy is liberated from the protein by reduction with dithiothreitol and converted to Hcy-thiolactone. 27293214 10 13 link S-linked 1292:1299 arg1 Hcy 1301:1303 N-linked and S-linked Hcy 1279:1303 N-linked and S-linked Hcy 1279:1303 Using these assays with as little as 2-20 μL of urine I show that MUP carry N-linked and S-linked Hcy and that N-Hcy-MUP and S-Hcy-MUP and Hcy-thiolactone are severely elevated in cystathionine β-synthase-deficient mice. 27293214 9 14 theme exchange 1073:1080 arg1 post-column 1122:1132 post-column 1122:1132 post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde 1122:1168 Hcy-thiolactone (free, derived from total Hcy, or from MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy) is separated by a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde, and quantified by fluorescence. 27293214 9 14 theme exchange 1073:1080 arg1 chromatography 1106:1119 a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography 1064:1119 a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography 1064:1119 Hcy-thiolactone (free, derived from total Hcy, or from MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy) is separated by a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde, and quantified by fluorescence. 27293214 9 15 attach derived 980:986 arg1 Hcy 1043:1045 MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy 1012:1045 MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy 1012:1045 Hcy-thiolactone (free, derived from total Hcy, or from MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy) is separated by a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde, and quantified by fluorescence. 27293214 9 15 attach derived 980:986 arg1 Hcy 999:1001 total Hcy 993:1001 total Hcy 993:1001 Hcy-thiolactone (free, derived from total Hcy, or from MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy) is separated by a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde, and quantified by fluorescence. 27293214 9 15 attach derived 980:986 arg2 free 974:977 free 974:977 free 974:977 Hcy-thiolactone (free, derived from total Hcy, or from MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy) is separated by a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde, and quantified by fluorescence. 27293214 5 16 theme 1 N 547:549 arg1 HCl 551:553 1 N HCl 547:553 1 N HCl 547:553 Total Hcy is converted to Hcy-thiolactone in the presence of 1 N HCl. 27293214 9 17 link N-linked 1022:1029 arg1 Hcy 1043:1045 MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy 1012:1045 MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy 1012:1045 Hcy-thiolactone (free, derived from total Hcy, or from MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy) is separated by a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde, and quantified by fluorescence. 27293214 6 18 theme Major 556:560 arg1 protein 570:576 Major urinary protein 556:576 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy 556:601 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy is liberated from the protein by reduction with dithiothreitol and converted to Hcy-thiolactone. 27293214 6 18 theme Major 556:560 arg1 MUP 579:581 MUP 579:581 MUP 579:581 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy is liberated from the protein by reduction with dithiothreitol and converted to Hcy-thiolactone. 27293214 4 19 theme Free 411:414 arg1 Hcy-thiolactone 416:430 Free Hcy-thiolactone 411:430 Free Hcy-thiolactone 411:430 Free Hcy-thiolactone is extracted from the urine with chloroform/methanol. 27293214 5 20 theme HCl 551:553 arg1 presence 535:542 the presence 531:542 the presence of 1 N HCl 531:553 Total Hcy is converted to Hcy-thiolactone in the presence of 1 N HCl. 27293214 8 21 used used 841:844 arg2 Ferritin 829:836 Ferritin 829:836 Ferritin 829:836 Ferritin is used as an N-Hcy-protein standard and an authentic Hcy-thiolactone is used to monitor the efficiency of extraction. 27293214 8 21 used used 841:844 arg2 standard 866:873 standard 866:873 standard 866:873 Ferritin is used as an N-Hcy-protein standard and an authentic Hcy-thiolactone is used to monitor the efficiency of extraction. 27293214 11 22 theme metabolites 1500:1510 arg1 role 1472:1475 the role 1468:1475 the role of protein-related Hcy metabolites in health and disease 1468:1532 These assays will facilitate examination of the role of protein-related Hcy metabolites in health and disease. 27293214 8 23 theme extraction 945:954 arg1 efficiency 931:940 the efficiency 927:940 the efficiency of extraction 927:954 Ferritin is used as an N-Hcy-protein standard and an authentic Hcy-thiolactone is used to monitor the efficiency of extraction. 27293214 11 24 from role 1472:1475 arg1 disease 1526:1532 disease 1526:1532 disease 1526:1532 These assays will facilitate examination of the role of protein-related Hcy metabolites in health and disease. 27293214 11 24 from role 1472:1475 arg1 health 1515:1520 health 1515:1520 health 1515:1520 These assays will facilitate examination of the role of protein-related Hcy metabolites in health and disease. 27293214 0 25 theme S- 26:27 arg1 Quantification 0:13 Quantification 0:13 Quantification of urinary S- and N-homocysteinylated protein 0:59 Quantification of urinary S- and N-homocysteinylated protein and homocysteine-thiolactone in mice. 27293214 0 25 theme S- 26:27 arg1 homocysteine-thiolactone 65:88 homocysteine-thiolactone 65:88 homocysteine-thiolactone in mice 65:96 Quantification of urinary S- and N-homocysteinylated protein and homocysteine-thiolactone in mice. 27293214 1 26 theme vascular 206:213 arg1 diseases 232:239 vascular and neurological diseases 206:239 vascular and neurological diseases 206:239 Homocysteine (Hcy) and its metabolites Hcy-thiolactone, N-Hcy-protein, and S-Hcy-protein are implicated in vascular and neurological diseases. 27293214 0 27 theme urinary 18:24 arg1 S- 26:27 urinary S- 18:27 urinary S- 18:27 Quantification of urinary S- and N-homocysteinylated protein and homocysteine-thiolactone in mice. 27293214 0 28 theme N-homocysteinylated 33:51 arg1 protein 53:59 N-homocysteinylated protein 33:59 N-homocysteinylated protein 33:59 Quantification of urinary S- and N-homocysteinylated protein and homocysteine-thiolactone in mice. 27293214 7 29 theme N-linked 746:753 arg1 Hcy 755:757 N-linked Hcy 746:757 N-linked Hcy 746:757 Acid hydrolysis of MUP with 6 N HCl liberates N-linked Hcy as Hcy-thiolactone, which is then extracted with chloroform/methanol. 27293214 1 30 theme neurological 219:230 arg1 diseases 232:239 vascular and neurological diseases 206:239 vascular and neurological diseases 206:239 Homocysteine (Hcy) and its metabolites Hcy-thiolactone, N-Hcy-protein, and S-Hcy-protein are implicated in vascular and neurological diseases. 27293214 9 31 theme S-linked 1034:1041 arg1 Hcy 1043:1045 MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy 1012:1045 MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy 1012:1045 Hcy-thiolactone (free, derived from total Hcy, or from MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy) is separated by a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde, and quantified by fluorescence. 27293214 10 32 contain carry 1273:1277 arg2 Hcy 1301:1303 N-linked and S-linked Hcy 1279:1303 N-linked and S-linked Hcy 1279:1303 Using these assays with as little as 2-20 μL of urine I show that MUP carry N-linked and S-linked Hcy and that N-Hcy-MUP and S-Hcy-MUP and Hcy-thiolactone are severely elevated in cystathionine β-synthase-deficient mice. 27293214 10 32 contain carry 1273:1277 arg1 MUP 1269:1271 MUP 1269:1271 MUP 1269:1271 Using these assays with as little as 2-20 μL of urine I show that MUP carry N-linked and S-linked Hcy and that N-Hcy-MUP and S-Hcy-MUP and Hcy-thiolactone are severely elevated in cystathionine β-synthase-deficient mice. 27293214 9 33 theme MUP-bound 1012:1020 arg1 Hcy 1043:1045 MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy 1012:1045 MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy 1012:1045 Hcy-thiolactone (free, derived from total Hcy, or from MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy) is separated by a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde, and quantified by fluorescence. 27293214 6 34 attach liberated 606:614 arg2 Hcy 599:601 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy 556:601 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy 556:601 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy is liberated from the protein by reduction with dithiothreitol and converted to Hcy-thiolactone. 27293214 6 34 attach liberated 606:614 arg1 protein 625:631 the protein 621:631 the protein 621:631 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy is liberated from the protein by reduction with dithiothreitol and converted to Hcy-thiolactone. 27293214 11 35 theme role 1472:1475 arg1 examination 1453:1463 examination 1453:1463 examination of the role of protein-related Hcy metabolites in health and disease 1453:1532 These assays will facilitate examination of the role of protein-related Hcy metabolites in health and disease. 27293214 0 36 from homocysteine-thiolactone 65:88 arg1 mice 93:96 mice 93:96 mice 93:96 Quantification of urinary S- and N-homocysteinylated protein and homocysteine-thiolactone in mice. 27293214 10 37 theme cystathionine 1383:1395 arg1 mice 1418:1421 cystathionine β-synthase-deficient mice 1383:1421 cystathionine β-synthase-deficient mice 1383:1421 Using these assays with as little as 2-20 μL of urine I show that MUP carry N-linked and S-linked Hcy and that N-Hcy-MUP and S-Hcy-MUP and Hcy-thiolactone are severely elevated in cystathionine β-synthase-deficient mice. 27293214 0 38 theme protein 53:59 arg1 Quantification 0:13 Quantification 0:13 Quantification of urinary S- and N-homocysteinylated protein 0:59 Quantification of urinary S- and N-homocysteinylated protein and homocysteine-thiolactone in mice. 27293214 0 38 theme protein 53:59 arg1 homocysteine-thiolactone 65:88 homocysteine-thiolactone 65:88 homocysteine-thiolactone in mice 65:96 Quantification of urinary S- and N-homocysteinylated protein and homocysteine-thiolactone in mice. 27293214 7 39 theme MUP 719:721 arg1 hydrolysis 705:714 Acid hydrolysis 700:714 Acid hydrolysis of MUP with 6 N HCl 700:734 Acid hydrolysis of MUP with 6 N HCl liberates N-linked Hcy as Hcy-thiolactone, which is then extracted with chloroform/methanol. 27293214 9 40 link S-linked 1034:1041 arg1 Hcy 1043:1045 MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy 1012:1045 MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy 1012:1045 Hcy-thiolactone (free, derived from total Hcy, or from MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy) is separated by a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde, and quantified by fluorescence. 27293214 10 41 theme N-linked 1279:1286 arg1 Hcy 1301:1303 N-linked and S-linked Hcy 1279:1303 N-linked and S-linked Hcy 1279:1303 Using these assays with as little as 2-20 μL of urine I show that MUP carry N-linked and S-linked Hcy and that N-Hcy-MUP and S-Hcy-MUP and Hcy-thiolactone are severely elevated in cystathionine β-synthase-deficient mice. 27293214 11 42 from health 1515:1520 arg1 examination 1453:1463 examination 1453:1463 examination of the role of protein-related Hcy metabolites in health and disease 1453:1532 These assays will facilitate examination of the role of protein-related Hcy metabolites in health and disease. 27293214 9 43 theme liquid 1099:1104 arg1 post-column 1122:1132 post-column 1122:1132 post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde 1122:1168 Hcy-thiolactone (free, derived from total Hcy, or from MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy) is separated by a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde, and quantified by fluorescence. 27293214 9 43 theme liquid 1099:1104 arg1 chromatography 1106:1119 a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography 1064:1119 a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography 1064:1119 Hcy-thiolactone (free, derived from total Hcy, or from MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy) is separated by a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde, and quantified by fluorescence. 27293214 11 44 from disease 1526:1532 arg1 examination 1453:1463 examination 1453:1463 examination of the role of protein-related Hcy metabolites in health and disease 1453:1532 These assays will facilitate examination of the role of protein-related Hcy metabolites in health and disease. 27293214 10 45 theme S-linked 1292:1299 arg1 Hcy 1301:1303 N-linked and S-linked Hcy 1279:1303 N-linked and S-linked Hcy 1279:1303 Using these assays with as little as 2-20 μL of urine I show that MUP carry N-linked and S-linked Hcy and that N-Hcy-MUP and S-Hcy-MUP and Hcy-thiolactone are severely elevated in cystathionine β-synthase-deficient mice. 27293214 3 46 theme streamlined 324:334 arg1 assays 336:341 streamlined assays 324:341 streamlined assays for these metabolites based on their conversion to Hcy-thiolactone 324:408 Here I describe streamlined assays for these metabolites based on their conversion to Hcy-thiolactone. 27293214 11 47 from examination 1453:1463 arg1 disease 1526:1532 disease 1526:1532 disease 1526:1532 These assays will facilitate examination of the role of protein-related Hcy metabolites in health and disease. 27293214 11 47 from examination 1453:1463 arg1 health 1515:1520 health 1515:1520 health 1515:1520 These assays will facilitate examination of the role of protein-related Hcy metabolites in health and disease. 27293214 2 48 theme metabolites 275:285 arg1 quantification 251:264 quantification 251:264 quantification of these metabolites 251:285 However, quantification of these metabolites remains challenging. 27293214 11 49 theme protein-related 1480:1494 arg1 metabolites 1500:1510 protein-related Hcy metabolites 1480:1510 protein-related Hcy metabolites 1480:1510 These assays will facilitate examination of the role of protein-related Hcy metabolites in health and disease. 27293214 10 50 theme β-synthase-deficient 1397:1416 arg1 mice 1418:1421 cystathionine β-synthase-deficient mice 1383:1421 cystathionine β-synthase-deficient mice 1383:1421 Using these assays with as little as 2-20 μL of urine I show that MUP carry N-linked and S-linked Hcy and that N-Hcy-MUP and S-Hcy-MUP and Hcy-thiolactone are severely elevated in cystathionine β-synthase-deficient mice. 27293214 11 51 theme Hcy 1496:1498 arg1 metabolites 1500:1510 protein-related Hcy metabolites 1480:1510 protein-related Hcy metabolites 1480:1510 These assays will facilitate examination of the role of protein-related Hcy metabolites in health and disease. 27293214 6 52 theme S-linked 590:597 arg1 Hcy 599:601 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy 556:601 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy 556:601 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy is liberated from the protein by reduction with dithiothreitol and converted to Hcy-thiolactone. 27293214 7 53 link N-linked 746:753 arg1 Hcy 755:757 N-linked Hcy 746:757 N-linked Hcy 746:757 Acid hydrolysis of MUP with 6 N HCl liberates N-linked Hcy as Hcy-thiolactone, which is then extracted with chloroform/methanol. 27293214 9 54 dep Hcy-thiolactone 957:971 arg1 free 974:977 free 974:977 free 974:977 Hcy-thiolactone (free, derived from total Hcy, or from MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy) is separated by a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde, and quantified by fluorescence. 27293214 8 55 used used 911:914 arg2 Hcy-thiolactone 892:906 an authentic Hcy-thiolactone 879:906 an authentic Hcy-thiolactone 879:906 Ferritin is used as an N-Hcy-protein standard and an authentic Hcy-thiolactone is used to monitor the efficiency of extraction. 27293214 6 56 theme -bound 583:588 arg1 Hcy 599:601 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy 556:601 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy 556:601 Major urinary protein (MUP)-bound S-linked Hcy is liberated from the protein by reduction with dithiothreitol and converted to Hcy-thiolactone. 27293214 9 57 theme N-linked 1022:1029 arg1 Hcy 1043:1045 MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy 1012:1045 MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy 1012:1045 Hcy-thiolactone (free, derived from total Hcy, or from MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy) is separated by a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde, and quantified by fluorescence. 27293214 9 58 theme cation 1066:1071 arg1 post-column 1122:1132 post-column 1122:1132 post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde 1122:1168 Hcy-thiolactone (free, derived from total Hcy, or from MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy) is separated by a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde, and quantified by fluorescence. 27293214 9 58 theme cation 1066:1071 arg1 chromatography 1106:1119 a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography 1064:1119 a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography 1064:1119 Hcy-thiolactone (free, derived from total Hcy, or from MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy) is separated by a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde, and quantified by fluorescence. 27293214 9 59 theme total 993:997 arg1 Hcy 999:1001 total Hcy 993:1001 total Hcy 993:1001 Hcy-thiolactone (free, derived from total Hcy, or from MUP-bound N-linked or S-linked Hcy) is separated by a cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, post-column derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde, and quantified by fluorescence. 27955748 9 0 theme intact 1760:1765 arg1 structure 1780:1788 intact histological structure 1760:1788 intact histological structure 1760:1788 The photomicrographs of liver tissue sections of the groups of HCC treated with polysaccharide extracts of Jania rubens and Enteromorpha intestinalis showed intact histological structure. 27955748 12 1 theme direct 2253:2258 arg1 activity 2270:2277 direct cytotoxic activity 2253:2277 direct cytotoxic activity 2253:2277 CONCLUSIONS The pronounced antitumor activity of sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM is due to direct cytotoxic activity, anti-hepatocarcinogenesis, and anti-angiogenesis. 27955748 1 2 theme hepatocellular 430:443 arg1 HCC 466:468 HCC 466:468 HCC 466:468 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 1 2 theme hepatocellular 430:443 arg1 model 459:463 hepatocellular carcinoma rat model 430:463 hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) 430:469 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 8 3 theme induced 1552:1558 arg1 rats 1560:1563 HCC induced rats 1548:1563 HCC induced rats 1548:1563 The bioactive polysaccharides in HCC induced rats improved the humoral immune response. 27955748 10 4 with activity 1888:1895 arg1 76.2 μg/mL 1942:1951 76.2 μg/mL 1942:1951 76.2 μg/mL 1942:1951 Moreover, fractions HE1, HE4, HE7 obtained from polysaccharide of EHEM showed moderate cytotoxic activity against HepG2 in vitro with IC50 73.1, 42.6, 76.2 μg/mL. 27955748 10 4 with activity 1888:1895 arg1 IC50 1925:1928 IC50 73.1, 42.6 1925:1939 IC50 1925:1928 Moreover, fractions HE1, HE4, HE7 obtained from polysaccharide of EHEM showed moderate cytotoxic activity against HepG2 in vitro with IC50 73.1, 42.6, 76.2 μg/mL. 27955748 2 5 theme chromatography 648:661 arg1 analyzer 678:685 gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer 637:685 gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer 637:685 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM were determined using gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer, respectively. 27955748 5 6 dep RESULTS 993:999 arg1 analysis 1009:1016 The GLC analysis 1001:1016 The GLC analysis of JCEM 1001:1024 RESULTS The GLC analysis of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM polysaccharide revealed the presence of 10, 9 and 10 sugars, in addition the amino acid analyzer enable identification of 16, 15 and 15 amino acids, respectively. 27955748 4 7 from factor 947:952 arg1 AFP 826:828 AFP 826:828 AFP 826:828 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 4 7 from factor 947:952 arg1 α-fetoprotein 811:823 α-fetoprotein 811:823 α-fetoprotein (AFP) 811:829 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 4 7 from factor 947:952 arg1 rats 802:805 rats 802:805 rats 802:805 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 8 8 theme humoral 1578:1584 arg1 response 1593:1600 the humoral immune response 1574:1600 the humoral immune response 1574:1600 The bioactive polysaccharides in HCC induced rats improved the humoral immune response. 27955748 2 9 theme gas 637:639 arg1 chromatography 648:661 gas liquid chromatography 637:661 gas liquid chromatography 637:661 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM were determined using gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer, respectively. 27955748 1 10 theme chemical 490:497 arg1 composition 499:509 their chemical composition 484:509 their chemical composition 484:509 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 5 11 theme GLC 1005:1007 arg1 analysis 1009:1016 The GLC analysis 1001:1016 The GLC analysis of JCEM 1001:1024 RESULTS The GLC analysis of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM polysaccharide revealed the presence of 10, 9 and 10 sugars, in addition the amino acid analyzer enable identification of 16, 15 and 15 amino acids, respectively. 27955748 1 12 theme bioactive 238:246 arg1 polysaccharide 248:261 the bioactive polysaccharide 234:261 the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens 234:312 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 13 13 from response 2429:2436 arg1 rats 2453:2456 HCC induced rats 2441:2456 HCC induced rats 2441:2456 In addition, JCEM, PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory response and improved the humoral immune response in HCC induced rats. 27955748 2 14 theme polysaccharides 576:590 arg1 METHODS 512:518 METHODS 512:518 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM 512:613 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM were determined using gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer, respectively. 27955748 2 14 theme polysaccharides 576:590 arg1 PCEM 601:604 PCEM 601:604 PCEM 601:604 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM were determined using gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer, respectively. 27955748 2 14 theme polysaccharides 576:590 arg1 EHEM 610:613 EHEM 610:613 EHEM 610:613 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM were determined using gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer, respectively. 27955748 2 14 theme polysaccharides 576:590 arg1 composition 547:557 The sugars and amino acids composition 520:557 The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM 520:598 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM were determined using gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer, respectively. 27955748 6 15 theme HCC 1350:1352 arg1 group 1354:1358 untreated HCC group 1340:1358 untreated HCC group 1340:1358 These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM produced significant decrease in serum AFP, CEA, GPC-3, HGF and VEGF compared with untreated HCC group. 27955748 10 16 theme moderate 1869:1876 arg1 activity 1888:1895 moderate cytotoxic activity 1869:1895 moderate cytotoxic activity against HepG2 in vitro with IC50 73.1, 42.6, 76.2 μg/mL 1869:1951 Moreover, fractions HE1, HE4, HE7 obtained from polysaccharide of EHEM showed moderate cytotoxic activity against HepG2 in vitro with IC50 73.1, 42.6, 76.2 μg/mL. 27955748 7 17 dep value 1466:1470 arg1 1.23 1473:1476 1.23 1473:1476 1.23 1473:1476 JCEM, PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory responses by increasing the IgG levels as compared by naïve value (1.23, 1.53 and 1.17 folds), respectively. 27955748 7 17 dep value 1466:1470 arg1 1.17 1488:1491 1.17 1488:1491 1.17 1488:1491 JCEM, PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory responses by increasing the IgG levels as compared by naïve value (1.23, 1.53 and 1.17 folds), respectively. 27955748 4 18 from antigen 849:855 arg1 AFP 826:828 AFP 826:828 AFP 826:828 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 4 18 from antigen 849:855 arg1 α-fetoprotein 811:823 α-fetoprotein 811:823 α-fetoprotein (AFP) 811:829 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 4 18 from antigen 849:855 arg1 rats 802:805 rats 802:805 rats 802:805 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 1 19 theme cold 277:280 arg1 extract 290:296 cold aqueous extract 277:296 cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens 277:312 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 4 20 theme hepatocyte 884:893 arg1 HGF 910:912 HGF 910:912 HGF 910:912 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 4 20 theme hepatocyte 884:893 arg1 factor 902:907 hepatocyte growth factor 884:907 hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) 884:913 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 10 21 theme EHEM 1857:1860 arg1 polysaccharide 1839:1852 polysaccharide 1839:1852 polysaccharide of EHEM 1839:1860 Moreover, fractions HE1, HE4, HE7 obtained from polysaccharide of EHEM showed moderate cytotoxic activity against HepG2 in vitro with IC50 73.1, 42.6, 76.2 μg/mL. 27955748 4 22 from factor 902:907 arg1 AFP 826:828 AFP 826:828 AFP 826:828 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 4 22 from factor 902:907 arg1 α-fetoprotein 811:823 α-fetoprotein 811:823 α-fetoprotein (AFP) 811:829 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 4 22 from factor 902:907 arg1 rats 802:805 rats 802:805 rats 802:805 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 1 23 theme rat 455:457 arg1 HCC 466:468 HCC 466:468 HCC 466:468 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 1 23 theme rat 455:457 arg1 model 459:463 hepatocellular carcinoma rat model 430:463 hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) 430:469 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 11 24 theme cytotoxic 2052:2060 arg1 activity 2062:2069 the cytotoxic activity 2048:2069 the cytotoxic activity of their crude polysaccharide extract 2048:2107 However, fractions of PCEM and JCEM show no or weak cytotoxicity against HepG2 in vitro where the cytotoxic activity of their crude polysaccharide extract proved synergetic effect. 27955748 2 25 theme JCEM 595:598 arg1 polysaccharides 576:590 the bioactive polysaccharides 562:590 the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM 562:598 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM were determined using gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer, respectively. 27955748 12 26 theme polysaccharide-protein 2193:2214 arg1 complexes 2216:2224 sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes 2184:2224 sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM 2184:2241 CONCLUSIONS The pronounced antitumor activity of sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM is due to direct cytotoxic activity, anti-hepatocarcinogenesis, and anti-angiogenesis. 27955748 10 27 theme HepG2 1905:1909 arg1 in vitro 1911:1918 HepG2 in vitro 1905:1918 HepG2 in vitro 1905:1918 Moreover, fractions HE1, HE4, HE7 obtained from polysaccharide of EHEM showed moderate cytotoxic activity against HepG2 in vitro with IC50 73.1, 42.6, 76.2 μg/mL. 27955748 6 28 theme polysaccharide 1210:1223 arg1 extracts 1225:1232 These polysaccharide extracts 1204:1232 These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM 1204:1255 These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM produced significant decrease in serum AFP, CEA, GPC-3, HGF and VEGF compared with untreated HCC group. 27955748 2 29 theme sugars 524:529 arg1 METHODS 512:518 METHODS 512:518 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM 512:613 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM were determined using gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer, respectively. 27955748 2 29 theme sugars 524:529 arg1 composition 547:557 The sugars and amino acids composition 520:557 The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM 520:598 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM were determined using gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer, respectively. 27955748 8 30 theme HCC 1548:1550 arg1 rats 1560:1563 HCC induced rats 1548:1563 HCC induced rats 1548:1563 The bioactive polysaccharides in HCC induced rats improved the humoral immune response. 27955748 7 31 theme naïve 1460:1464 arg1 value 1466:1470 naïve value 1460:1470 naïve value (1.23, 1.53 and 1.17 folds) 1460:1498 JCEM, PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory responses by increasing the IgG levels as compared by naïve value (1.23, 1.53 and 1.17 folds), respectively. 27955748 9 32 theme liver 1627:1631 arg1 sections 1640:1647 liver tissue sections 1627:1647 liver tissue sections of the groups of HCC treated with polysaccharide extracts of Jania rubens and Enteromorpha intestinalis 1627:1751 The photomicrographs of liver tissue sections of the groups of HCC treated with polysaccharide extracts of Jania rubens and Enteromorpha intestinalis showed intact histological structure. 27955748 12 33 theme antitumor 2162:2170 arg1 activity 2172:2179 The pronounced antitumor activity 2147:2179 The pronounced antitumor activity of sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM 2147:2241 CONCLUSIONS The pronounced antitumor activity of sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM is due to direct cytotoxic activity, anti-hepatocarcinogenesis, and anti-angiogenesis. 27955748 12 33 theme antitumor 2162:2170 arg1 due 2246:2248 due 2246:2248 due 2246:2248 CONCLUSIONS The pronounced antitumor activity of sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM is due to direct cytotoxic activity, anti-hepatocarcinogenesis, and anti-angiogenesis. 27955748 5 34 theme 15 1174:1175 arg1 acids 1183:1187 16, 15 and 15 amino acids 1163:1187 acids 1183:1187 RESULTS The GLC analysis of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM polysaccharide revealed the presence of 10, 9 and 10 sugars, in addition the amino acid analyzer enable identification of 16, 15 and 15 amino acids, respectively. 27955748 6 35 theme serum 1290:1294 arg1 AFP 1296:1298 serum AFP 1290:1298 serum AFP 1290:1298 These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM produced significant decrease in serum AFP, CEA, GPC-3, HGF and VEGF compared with untreated HCC group. 27955748 6 35 theme serum 1290:1294 arg1 HGF 1313:1315 HGF 1313:1315 HGF 1313:1315 These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM produced significant decrease in serum AFP, CEA, GPC-3, HGF and VEGF compared with untreated HCC group. 27955748 6 35 theme serum 1290:1294 arg1 GPC-3 1306:1310 GPC-3 1306:1310 GPC-3 1306:1310 These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM produced significant decrease in serum AFP, CEA, GPC-3, HGF and VEGF compared with untreated HCC group. 27955748 6 35 theme serum 1290:1294 arg1 VEGF 1321:1324 VEGF 1321:1324 VEGF 1321:1324 These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM produced significant decrease in serum AFP, CEA, GPC-3, HGF and VEGF compared with untreated HCC group. 27955748 6 35 theme serum 1290:1294 arg1 CEA 1301:1303 CEA 1301:1303 CEA 1301:1303 These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM produced significant decrease in serum AFP, CEA, GPC-3, HGF and VEGF compared with untreated HCC group. 27955748 1 36 theme aqueous 370:376 arg1 extract 378:384 hot aqueous extract 366:384 hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) 366:469 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 1 37 theme immunomodulatory 203:218 arg1 efficacies 220:229 immunomodulatory efficacies 203:229 immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens 203:312 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 4 38 theme endothelial 928:938 arg1 VEGF 955:958 VEGF 955:958 VEGF 955:958 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 4 38 theme endothelial 928:938 arg1 factor 947:952 vascular endothelial growth factor 919:952 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 919:959 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 0 39 from Influence 0:8 arg1 angiogenesis 90:101 angiogenesis 90:101 angiogenesis 90:101 Influence of bioactive sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes on hepatocarcinogenesis, angiogenesis and immunomodulatory activities. 27955748 0 39 from Influence 0:8 arg1 activities 124:133 immunomodulatory activities 107:133 immunomodulatory activities 107:133 Influence of bioactive sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes on hepatocarcinogenesis, angiogenesis and immunomodulatory activities. 27955748 0 39 from Influence 0:8 arg1 hepatocarcinogenesis 68:87 hepatocarcinogenesis 68:87 hepatocarcinogenesis 68:87 Influence of bioactive sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes on hepatocarcinogenesis, angiogenesis and immunomodulatory activities. 27955748 2 40 theme acid 673:676 arg1 analyzer 678:685 gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer 637:685 gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer 637:685 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM were determined using gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer, respectively. 27955748 5 41 theme acids 1183:1187 arg1 identification 1145:1158 identification 1145:1158 identification of 16, 15 and 15 amino acids, respectively 1145:1201 RESULTS The GLC analysis of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM polysaccharide revealed the presence of 10, 9 and 10 sugars, in addition the amino acid analyzer enable identification of 16, 15 and 15 amino acids, respectively. 27955748 7 42 dep 1.23 1473:1476 arg1 folds 1493:1497 folds 1493:1497 folds 1493:1497 JCEM, PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory responses by increasing the IgG levels as compared by naïve value (1.23, 1.53 and 1.17 folds), respectively. 27955748 4 43 from hepatocarcinogenesis 778:797 arg1 AFP 826:828 AFP 826:828 AFP 826:828 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 4 43 from hepatocarcinogenesis 778:797 arg1 α-fetoprotein 811:823 α-fetoprotein 811:823 α-fetoprotein (AFP) 811:829 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 4 43 from hepatocarcinogenesis 778:797 arg1 rats 802:805 rats 802:805 rats 802:805 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 2 44 theme amino 535:539 arg1 acids 541:545 amino acids 535:545 amino acids 535:545 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM were determined using gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer, respectively. 27955748 1 45 theme intestinalis 402:413 arg1 extract 378:384 hot aqueous extract 366:384 hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) 366:469 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 1 45 theme intestinalis 402:413 arg1 anti-angiogenesis 181:197 anti-angiogenesis 181:197 anti-angiogenesis 181:197 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 1 45 theme intestinalis 402:413 arg1 capillacea 337:346 Pterocladia capillacea 325:346 Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) 325:353 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 1 45 theme intestinalis 402:413 arg1 efficacies 220:229 immunomodulatory efficacies 203:229 immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens 203:312 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 1 45 theme intestinalis 402:413 arg1 anticancer 169:178 the in vivo anticancer 157:178 the in vivo anticancer 157:178 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 1 45 theme intestinalis 402:413 arg1 JCEM 315:318 JCEM 315:318 JCEM 315:318 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 1 45 theme intestinalis 402:413 arg1 PCEM 349:352 PCEM 349:352 PCEM 349:352 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 9 46 theme polysaccharide 1683:1696 arg1 extracts 1698:1705 polysaccharide extracts 1683:1705 polysaccharide extracts of Jania rubens and Enteromorpha intestinalis 1683:1751 The photomicrographs of liver tissue sections of the groups of HCC treated with polysaccharide extracts of Jania rubens and Enteromorpha intestinalis showed intact histological structure. 27955748 11 47 theme HepG2 2027:2031 arg1 in vitro 2033:2040 HepG2 in vitro 2027:2040 HepG2 in vitro where the cytotoxic activity of their crude polysaccharide extract proved synergetic effect 2027:2132 However, fractions of PCEM and JCEM show no or weak cytotoxicity against HepG2 in vitro where the cytotoxic activity of their crude polysaccharide extract proved synergetic effect. 27955748 11 48 theme crude 2080:2084 arg1 extract 2101:2107 their crude polysaccharide extract 2074:2107 their crude polysaccharide extract 2074:2107 However, fractions of PCEM and JCEM show no or weak cytotoxicity against HepG2 in vitro where the cytotoxic activity of their crude polysaccharide extract proved synergetic effect. 27955748 11 49 theme synergetic 2116:2125 arg1 effect 2127:2132 synergetic effect 2116:2132 synergetic effect 2116:2132 However, fractions of PCEM and JCEM show no or weak cytotoxicity against HepG2 in vitro where the cytotoxic activity of their crude polysaccharide extract proved synergetic effect. 27955748 0 50 theme bioactive 13:21 arg1 complexes 55:63 bioactive sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes 13:63 bioactive sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes 13:63 Influence of bioactive sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes on hepatocarcinogenesis, angiogenesis and immunomodulatory activities. 27955748 12 51 dep CONCLUSIONS 2135:2145 arg1 activity 2172:2179 The pronounced antitumor activity 2147:2179 The pronounced antitumor activity of sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM 2147:2241 CONCLUSIONS The pronounced antitumor activity of sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM is due to direct cytotoxic activity, anti-hepatocarcinogenesis, and anti-angiogenesis. 27955748 12 51 dep CONCLUSIONS 2135:2145 arg1 due 2246:2248 due 2246:2248 due 2246:2248 CONCLUSIONS The pronounced antitumor activity of sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM is due to direct cytotoxic activity, anti-hepatocarcinogenesis, and anti-angiogenesis. 27955748 4 52 theme G 968:968 arg1 levels 970:975 Ig G levels 965:975 Ig G levels 965:975 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 0 53 theme polysaccharide-protein 32:53 arg1 complexes 55:63 bioactive sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes 13:63 bioactive sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes 13:63 Influence of bioactive sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes on hepatocarcinogenesis, angiogenesis and immunomodulatory activities. 27955748 5 54 theme sugars 1094:1099 arg1 presence 1069:1076 the presence 1065:1076 the presence of 10, 9 and 10 sugars 1065:1099 RESULTS The GLC analysis of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM polysaccharide revealed the presence of 10, 9 and 10 sugars, in addition the amino acid analyzer enable identification of 16, 15 and 15 amino acids, respectively. 27955748 11 55 theme weak 2001:2004 arg1 cytotoxicity 2006:2017 no or weak cytotoxicity 1995:2017 no or weak cytotoxicity against HepG2 in vitro where the cytotoxic activity of their crude polysaccharide extract proved synergetic effect 1995:2132 However, fractions of PCEM and JCEM show no or weak cytotoxicity against HepG2 in vitro where the cytotoxic activity of their crude polysaccharide extract proved synergetic effect. 27955748 9 56 theme rubens 1716:1721 arg1 extracts 1698:1705 polysaccharide extracts 1683:1705 polysaccharide extracts of Jania rubens and Enteromorpha intestinalis 1683:1751 The photomicrographs of liver tissue sections of the groups of HCC treated with polysaccharide extracts of Jania rubens and Enteromorpha intestinalis showed intact histological structure. 27955748 1 57 theme aqueous 282:288 arg1 extract 290:296 cold aqueous extract 277:296 cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens 277:312 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 10 58 theme cytotoxic 1878:1886 arg1 activity 1888:1895 moderate cytotoxic activity 1869:1895 moderate cytotoxic activity against HepG2 in vitro with IC50 73.1, 42.6, 76.2 μg/mL 1869:1951 Moreover, fractions HE1, HE4, HE7 obtained from polysaccharide of EHEM showed moderate cytotoxic activity against HepG2 in vitro with IC50 73.1, 42.6, 76.2 μg/mL. 27955748 3 59 theme 20 mg/kg 733:740 arg1 b.wt 742:745 20 mg/kg b.wt 733:745 20 mg/kg b.wt 733:745 These polysaccharide extracts (20 mg/kg b.wt. 27955748 1 60 theme rubens 307:312 arg1 extract 290:296 cold aqueous extract 277:296 cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens 277:312 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 5 61 theme 10 1081:1082 arg1 sugars 1094:1099 10, 9 and 10 sugars 1081:1099 sugars 1094:1099 RESULTS The GLC analysis of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM polysaccharide revealed the presence of 10, 9 and 10 sugars, in addition the amino acid analyzer enable identification of 16, 15 and 15 amino acids, respectively. 27955748 11 62 theme JCEM 1985:1988 arg1 fractions 1963:1971 fractions 1963:1971 fractions of PCEM and JCEM 1963:1988 However, fractions of PCEM and JCEM show no or weak cytotoxicity against HepG2 in vitro where the cytotoxic activity of their crude polysaccharide extract proved synergetic effect. 27955748 9 63 theme histological 1767:1778 arg1 structure 1780:1788 intact histological structure 1760:1788 intact histological structure 1760:1788 The photomicrographs of liver tissue sections of the groups of HCC treated with polysaccharide extracts of Jania rubens and Enteromorpha intestinalis showed intact histological structure. 27955748 13 64 theme induced 2445:2451 arg1 rats 2453:2456 HCC induced rats 2441:2456 HCC induced rats 2441:2456 In addition, JCEM, PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory response and improved the humoral immune response in HCC induced rats. 27955748 6 65 theme untreated 1340:1348 arg1 group 1354:1358 untreated HCC group 1340:1358 untreated HCC group 1340:1358 These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM produced significant decrease in serum AFP, CEA, GPC-3, HGF and VEGF compared with untreated HCC group. 27955748 11 66 theme PCEM 1976:1979 arg1 fractions 1963:1971 fractions 1963:1971 fractions of PCEM and JCEM 1963:1988 However, fractions of PCEM and JCEM show no or weak cytotoxicity against HepG2 in vitro where the cytotoxic activity of their crude polysaccharide extract proved synergetic effect. 27955748 12 67 theme cytotoxic 2260:2268 arg1 activity 2270:2277 direct cytotoxic activity 2253:2277 direct cytotoxic activity 2253:2277 CONCLUSIONS The pronounced antitumor activity of sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM is due to direct cytotoxic activity, anti-hepatocarcinogenesis, and anti-angiogenesis. 27955748 7 68 contain had 1381:1383 arg1 EHEM 1376:1379 EHEM 1376:1379 EHEM 1376:1379 JCEM, PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory responses by increasing the IgG levels as compared by naïve value (1.23, 1.53 and 1.17 folds), respectively. 27955748 7 68 contain had 1381:1383 arg1 PCEM 1367:1370 PCEM 1367:1370 PCEM 1367:1370 JCEM, PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory responses by increasing the IgG levels as compared by naïve value (1.23, 1.53 and 1.17 folds), respectively. 27955748 7 68 contain had 1381:1383 arg2 responses 1406:1414 an immunostimulatory responses 1385:1414 an immunostimulatory responses 1385:1414 JCEM, PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory responses by increasing the IgG levels as compared by naïve value (1.23, 1.53 and 1.17 folds), respectively. 27955748 7 68 contain had 1381:1383 arg1 JCEM 1361:1364 JCEM 1361:1364 JCEM 1361:1364 JCEM, PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory responses by increasing the IgG levels as compared by naïve value (1.23, 1.53 and 1.17 folds), respectively. 27955748 2 69 theme liquid 641:646 arg1 chromatography 648:661 gas liquid chromatography 637:661 gas liquid chromatography 637:661 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM were determined using gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer, respectively. 27955748 1 70 theme carcinoma 445:453 arg1 HCC 466:468 HCC 466:468 HCC 466:468 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 1 70 theme carcinoma 445:453 arg1 model 459:463 hepatocellular carcinoma rat model 430:463 hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) 430:469 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 5 71 theme acid 1124:1127 arg1 analyzer 1129:1136 the amino acid analyzer 1114:1136 the amino acid analyzer 1114:1136 RESULTS The GLC analysis of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM polysaccharide revealed the presence of 10, 9 and 10 sugars, in addition the amino acid analyzer enable identification of 16, 15 and 15 amino acids, respectively. 27955748 6 72 theme EHEM 1252:1255 arg1 extracts 1225:1232 These polysaccharide extracts 1204:1232 These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM 1204:1255 These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM produced significant decrease in serum AFP, CEA, GPC-3, HGF and VEGF compared with untreated HCC group. 27955748 8 73 theme immune 1586:1591 arg1 response 1593:1600 the humoral immune response 1574:1600 the humoral immune response 1574:1600 The bioactive polysaccharides in HCC induced rats improved the humoral immune response. 27955748 1 74 theme polysaccharide 248:261 arg1 extract 378:384 hot aqueous extract 366:384 hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) 366:469 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 1 74 theme polysaccharide 248:261 arg1 anti-angiogenesis 181:197 anti-angiogenesis 181:197 anti-angiogenesis 181:197 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 1 74 theme polysaccharide 248:261 arg1 capillacea 337:346 Pterocladia capillacea 325:346 Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) 325:353 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 1 74 theme polysaccharide 248:261 arg1 efficacies 220:229 immunomodulatory efficacies 203:229 immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens 203:312 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 1 74 theme polysaccharide 248:261 arg1 anticancer 169:178 the in vivo anticancer 157:178 the in vivo anticancer 157:178 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 1 74 theme polysaccharide 248:261 arg1 JCEM 315:318 JCEM 315:318 JCEM 315:318 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 1 74 theme polysaccharide 248:261 arg1 PCEM 349:352 PCEM 349:352 PCEM 349:352 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 2 75 theme bioactive 566:574 arg1 polysaccharides 576:590 the bioactive polysaccharides 562:590 the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM 562:598 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM were determined using gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer, respectively. 27955748 12 76 theme EHEM 2238:2241 arg1 complexes 2216:2224 sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes 2184:2224 sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM 2184:2241 CONCLUSIONS The pronounced antitumor activity of sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM is due to direct cytotoxic activity, anti-hepatocarcinogenesis, and anti-angiogenesis. 27955748 6 77 theme PCEM 1243:1246 arg1 extracts 1225:1232 These polysaccharide extracts 1204:1232 These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM 1204:1255 These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM produced significant decrease in serum AFP, CEA, GPC-3, HGF and VEGF compared with untreated HCC group. 27955748 13 78 theme humoral 2414:2420 arg1 response 2429:2436 the humoral immune response 2410:2436 the humoral immune response in HCC induced rats 2410:2456 In addition, JCEM, PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory response and improved the humoral immune response in HCC induced rats. 27955748 9 79 theme sections 1640:1647 arg1 photomicrographs 1607:1622 The photomicrographs 1603:1622 The photomicrographs of liver tissue sections of the groups of HCC treated with polysaccharide extracts of Jania rubens and Enteromorpha intestinalis 1603:1751 The photomicrographs of liver tissue sections of the groups of HCC treated with polysaccharide extracts of Jania rubens and Enteromorpha intestinalis showed intact histological structure. 27955748 6 80 theme JCEM 1237:1240 arg1 extracts 1225:1232 These polysaccharide extracts 1204:1232 These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM 1204:1255 These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM produced significant decrease in serum AFP, CEA, GPC-3, HGF and VEGF compared with untreated HCC group. 27955748 5 81 theme EHEM 1036:1039 arg1 polysaccharide 1041:1054 EHEM polysaccharide 1036:1054 EHEM polysaccharide 1036:1054 RESULTS The GLC analysis of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM polysaccharide revealed the presence of 10, 9 and 10 sugars, in addition the amino acid analyzer enable identification of 16, 15 and 15 amino acids, respectively. 27955748 13 82 theme immunostimulatory 2370:2386 arg1 response 2388:2395 an immunostimulatory response 2367:2395 an immunostimulatory response 2367:2395 In addition, JCEM, PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory response and improved the humoral immune response in HCC induced rats. 27955748 12 83 theme complexes 2216:2224 arg1 activity 2172:2179 The pronounced antitumor activity 2147:2179 The pronounced antitumor activity of sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM 2147:2241 CONCLUSIONS The pronounced antitumor activity of sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM is due to direct cytotoxic activity, anti-hepatocarcinogenesis, and anti-angiogenesis. 27955748 12 83 theme complexes 2216:2224 arg1 due 2246:2248 due 2246:2248 due 2246:2248 CONCLUSIONS The pronounced antitumor activity of sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM is due to direct cytotoxic activity, anti-hepatocarcinogenesis, and anti-angiogenesis. 27955748 7 84 dep levels 1438:1443 arg1 compared 1448:1455 compared 1448:1455 compared by naïve value (1.23, 1.53 and 1.17 folds) 1448:1498 JCEM, PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory responses by increasing the IgG levels as compared by naïve value (1.23, 1.53 and 1.17 folds), respectively. 27955748 1 85 theme in vivo 161:167 arg1 anticancer 169:178 the in vivo anticancer 157:178 the in vivo anticancer 157:178 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 1 85 theme in vivo 161:167 arg1 JCEM 315:318 JCEM 315:318 JCEM 315:318 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 4 86 theme growth 895:900 arg1 HGF 910:912 HGF 910:912 HGF 910:912 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 4 86 theme growth 895:900 arg1 factor 902:907 hepatocyte growth factor 884:907 hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) 884:913 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 12 87 theme JCEM 2229:2232 arg1 complexes 2216:2224 sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes 2184:2224 sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM 2184:2241 CONCLUSIONS The pronounced antitumor activity of sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM is due to direct cytotoxic activity, anti-hepatocarcinogenesis, and anti-angiogenesis. 27955748 5 88 theme JCEM 1021:1024 arg1 analysis 1009:1016 The GLC analysis 1001:1016 The GLC analysis of JCEM 1001:1024 RESULTS The GLC analysis of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM polysaccharide revealed the presence of 10, 9 and 10 sugars, in addition the amino acid analyzer enable identification of 16, 15 and 15 amino acids, respectively. 27955748 11 89 theme polysaccharide 2086:2099 arg1 extract 2101:2107 their crude polysaccharide extract 2074:2107 their crude polysaccharide extract 2074:2107 However, fractions of PCEM and JCEM show no or weak cytotoxicity against HepG2 in vitro where the cytotoxic activity of their crude polysaccharide extract proved synergetic effect. 27955748 4 90 theme vascular 919:926 arg1 VEGF 955:958 VEGF 955:958 VEGF 955:958 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 4 90 theme vascular 919:926 arg1 factor 947:952 vascular endothelial growth factor 919:952 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 919:959 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 0 91 theme immunomodulatory 107:122 arg1 activities 124:133 immunomodulatory activities 107:133 immunomodulatory activities 107:133 Influence of bioactive sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes on hepatocarcinogenesis, angiogenesis and immunomodulatory activities. 27955748 1 92 theme hot 366:368 arg1 extract 378:384 hot aqueous extract 366:384 hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) 366:469 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 9 93 theme tissue 1633:1638 arg1 sections 1640:1647 liver tissue sections 1627:1647 liver tissue sections of the groups of HCC treated with polysaccharide extracts of Jania rubens and Enteromorpha intestinalis 1627:1751 The photomicrographs of liver tissue sections of the groups of HCC treated with polysaccharide extracts of Jania rubens and Enteromorpha intestinalis showed intact histological structure. 27955748 12 94 theme sulfated 2184:2191 arg1 complexes 2216:2224 sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes 2184:2224 sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM 2184:2241 CONCLUSIONS The pronounced antitumor activity of sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM is due to direct cytotoxic activity, anti-hepatocarcinogenesis, and anti-angiogenesis. 27955748 5 95 theme amino 1177:1181 arg1 acids 1183:1187 16, 15 and 15 amino acids 1163:1187 acids 1183:1187 RESULTS The GLC analysis of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM polysaccharide revealed the presence of 10, 9 and 10 sugars, in addition the amino acid analyzer enable identification of 16, 15 and 15 amino acids, respectively. 27955748 4 96 from glypican-3 864:873 arg1 AFP 826:828 AFP 826:828 AFP 826:828 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 4 96 from glypican-3 864:873 arg1 α-fetoprotein 811:823 α-fetoprotein 811:823 α-fetoprotein (AFP) 811:829 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 4 96 from glypican-3 864:873 arg1 rats 802:805 rats 802:805 rats 802:805 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 7 97 theme IgG 1434:1436 arg1 levels 1438:1443 the IgG levels 1430:1443 the IgG levels as compared by naïve value (1.23, 1.53 and 1.17 folds) 1430:1498 JCEM, PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory responses by increasing the IgG levels as compared by naïve value (1.23, 1.53 and 1.17 folds), respectively. 27955748 2 98 theme acids 541:545 arg1 METHODS 512:518 METHODS 512:518 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM 512:613 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM were determined using gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer, respectively. 27955748 2 98 theme acids 541:545 arg1 composition 547:557 The sugars and amino acids composition 520:557 The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM 520:598 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM were determined using gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer, respectively. 27955748 2 99 theme amino 667:671 arg1 acid 673:676 amino acid 667:676 amino acid 667:676 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM were determined using gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer, respectively. 27955748 6 100 theme significant 1266:1276 arg1 decrease 1278:1285 significant decrease 1266:1285 significant decrease in serum AFP, CEA, GPC-3, HGF and VEGF 1266:1324 These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM produced significant decrease in serum AFP, CEA, GPC-3, HGF and VEGF compared with untreated HCC group. 27955748 1 101 theme Enteromorpha 389:400 arg1 EHEM 416:419 EHEM 416:419 EHEM 416:419 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 1 101 theme Enteromorpha 389:400 arg1 intestinalis 402:413 Enteromorpha intestinalis 389:413 Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) 389:469 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 4 102 theme growth 940:945 arg1 VEGF 955:958 VEGF 955:958 VEGF 955:958 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 4 102 theme growth 940:945 arg1 factor 947:952 vascular endothelial growth factor 919:952 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 919:959 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 12 103 theme pronounced 2151:2160 arg1 activity 2172:2179 The pronounced antitumor activity 2147:2179 The pronounced antitumor activity of sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM 2147:2241 CONCLUSIONS The pronounced antitumor activity of sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM is due to direct cytotoxic activity, anti-hepatocarcinogenesis, and anti-angiogenesis. 27955748 12 103 theme pronounced 2151:2160 arg1 due 2246:2248 due 2246:2248 due 2246:2248 CONCLUSIONS The pronounced antitumor activity of sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM is due to direct cytotoxic activity, anti-hepatocarcinogenesis, and anti-angiogenesis. 27955748 11 104 theme extract 2101:2107 arg1 activity 2062:2069 the cytotoxic activity 2048:2069 the cytotoxic activity of their crude polysaccharide extract 2048:2107 However, fractions of PCEM and JCEM show no or weak cytotoxicity against HepG2 in vitro where the cytotoxic activity of their crude polysaccharide extract proved synergetic effect. 27955748 6 105 from decrease 1278:1285 arg1 AFP 1296:1298 serum AFP 1290:1298 serum AFP 1290:1298 These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM produced significant decrease in serum AFP, CEA, GPC-3, HGF and VEGF compared with untreated HCC group. 27955748 6 105 from decrease 1278:1285 arg1 HGF 1313:1315 HGF 1313:1315 HGF 1313:1315 These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM produced significant decrease in serum AFP, CEA, GPC-3, HGF and VEGF compared with untreated HCC group. 27955748 6 105 from decrease 1278:1285 arg1 GPC-3 1306:1310 GPC-3 1306:1310 GPC-3 1306:1310 These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM produced significant decrease in serum AFP, CEA, GPC-3, HGF and VEGF compared with untreated HCC group. 27955748 6 105 from decrease 1278:1285 arg1 VEGF 1321:1324 VEGF 1321:1324 VEGF 1321:1324 These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM produced significant decrease in serum AFP, CEA, GPC-3, HGF and VEGF compared with untreated HCC group. 27955748 6 105 from decrease 1278:1285 arg1 CEA 1301:1303 CEA 1301:1303 CEA 1301:1303 These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM produced significant decrease in serum AFP, CEA, GPC-3, HGF and VEGF compared with untreated HCC group. 27955748 9 106 theme HCC 1666:1668 arg1 HCC 1666:1668 HCC 1666:1668 HCC 1666:1668 The photomicrographs of liver tissue sections of the groups of HCC treated with polysaccharide extracts of Jania rubens and Enteromorpha intestinalis showed intact histological structure. 27955748 9 106 theme HCC 1666:1668 arg1 groups 1656:1661 the groups 1652:1661 the groups of HCC treated with polysaccharide extracts of Jania rubens and Enteromorpha intestinalis 1652:1751 The photomicrographs of liver tissue sections of the groups of HCC treated with polysaccharide extracts of Jania rubens and Enteromorpha intestinalis showed intact histological structure. 27955748 0 107 theme sulfated 23:30 arg1 complexes 55:63 bioactive sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes 13:63 bioactive sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes 13:63 Influence of bioactive sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes on hepatocarcinogenesis, angiogenesis and immunomodulatory activities. 27955748 1 108 theme Pterocladia 325:335 arg1 capillacea 337:346 Pterocladia capillacea 325:346 Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) 325:353 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 1 108 theme Pterocladia 325:335 arg1 PCEM 349:352 PCEM 349:352 PCEM 349:352 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 8 109 from polysaccharides 1529:1543 arg1 rats 1560:1563 HCC induced rats 1548:1563 HCC induced rats 1548:1563 The bioactive polysaccharides in HCC induced rats improved the humoral immune response. 27955748 13 110 contain had 2363:2365 arg1 JCEM 2343:2346 JCEM 2343:2346 JCEM 2343:2346 In addition, JCEM, PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory response and improved the humoral immune response in HCC induced rats. 27955748 13 110 contain had 2363:2365 arg2 response 2388:2395 an immunostimulatory response 2367:2395 an immunostimulatory response 2367:2395 In addition, JCEM, PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory response and improved the humoral immune response in HCC induced rats. 27955748 13 110 contain had 2363:2365 arg1 EHEM 2358:2361 EHEM 2358:2361 EHEM 2358:2361 In addition, JCEM, PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory response and improved the humoral immune response in HCC induced rats. 27955748 13 110 contain had 2363:2365 arg1 PCEM 2349:2352 PCEM 2349:2352 PCEM 2349:2352 In addition, JCEM, PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory response and improved the humoral immune response in HCC induced rats. 27955748 0 111 theme complexes 55:63 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of bioactive sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes on hepatocarcinogenesis, angiogenesis and immunomodulatory activities. 0:134 Influence of bioactive sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes on hepatocarcinogenesis, angiogenesis and immunomodulatory activities. 27955748 5 112 theme amino 1118:1122 arg1 analyzer 1129:1136 the amino acid analyzer 1114:1136 the amino acid analyzer 1114:1136 RESULTS The GLC analysis of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM polysaccharide revealed the presence of 10, 9 and 10 sugars, in addition the amino acid analyzer enable identification of 16, 15 and 15 amino acids, respectively. 27955748 4 113 theme Ig 965:966 arg1 levels 970:975 Ig G levels 965:975 Ig G levels 965:975 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 9 114 theme groups 1656:1661 arg1 sections 1640:1647 liver tissue sections 1627:1647 liver tissue sections of the groups of HCC treated with polysaccharide extracts of Jania rubens and Enteromorpha intestinalis 1627:1751 The photomicrographs of liver tissue sections of the groups of HCC treated with polysaccharide extracts of Jania rubens and Enteromorpha intestinalis showed intact histological structure. 27955748 5 115 theme 10 1091:1092 arg1 sugars 1094:1099 10, 9 and 10 sugars 1081:1099 sugars 1094:1099 RESULTS The GLC analysis of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM polysaccharide revealed the presence of 10, 9 and 10 sugars, in addition the amino acid analyzer enable identification of 16, 15 and 15 amino acids, respectively. 27955748 2 116 dep METHODS 512:518 arg1 METHODS 512:518 METHODS 512:518 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM 512:613 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM were determined using gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer, respectively. 27955748 2 116 dep METHODS 512:518 arg1 PCEM 601:604 PCEM 601:604 PCEM 601:604 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM were determined using gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer, respectively. 27955748 2 116 dep METHODS 512:518 arg1 EHEM 610:613 EHEM 610:613 EHEM 610:613 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM were determined using gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer, respectively. 27955748 2 116 dep METHODS 512:518 arg1 composition 547:557 The sugars and amino acids composition 520:557 The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM 520:598 METHODS The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM were determined using gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer, respectively. 27955748 13 117 theme immune 2422:2427 arg1 response 2429:2436 the humoral immune response 2410:2436 the humoral immune response in HCC induced rats 2410:2456 In addition, JCEM, PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory response and improved the humoral immune response in HCC induced rats. 27955748 10 118 dep fractions 1801:1809 arg1 HE7 1821:1823 HE7 1821:1823 HE7 1821:1823 Moreover, fractions HE1, HE4, HE7 obtained from polysaccharide of EHEM showed moderate cytotoxic activity against HepG2 in vitro with IC50 73.1, 42.6, 76.2 μg/mL. 27955748 10 118 dep fractions 1801:1809 arg1 HE4 1816:1818 HE4 1816:1818 HE4 1816:1818 Moreover, fractions HE1, HE4, HE7 obtained from polysaccharide of EHEM showed moderate cytotoxic activity against HepG2 in vitro with IC50 73.1, 42.6, 76.2 μg/mL. 27955748 10 118 dep fractions 1801:1809 arg1 HE1 1811:1813 HE1 1811:1813 HE1 1811:1813 Moreover, fractions HE1, HE4, HE7 obtained from polysaccharide of EHEM showed moderate cytotoxic activity against HepG2 in vitro with IC50 73.1, 42.6, 76.2 μg/mL. 27955748 1 119 attach isolated 263:270 arg2 polysaccharide 248:261 the bioactive polysaccharide 234:261 the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens 234:312 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 1 119 attach isolated 263:270 arg1 extract 290:296 cold aqueous extract 277:296 cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens 277:312 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 27955748 4 120 theme carcinoembryonic 832:847 arg1 CEA 858:860 CEA 858:860 CEA 858:860 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 4 120 theme carcinoembryonic 832:847 arg1 antigen 849:855 carcinoembryonic antigen 832:855 carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 832:861 for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. 27955748 7 121 theme immunostimulatory 1388:1404 arg1 responses 1406:1414 an immunostimulatory responses 1385:1414 an immunostimulatory responses 1385:1414 JCEM, PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory responses by increasing the IgG levels as compared by naïve value (1.23, 1.53 and 1.17 folds), respectively. 27955748 8 122 theme bioactive 1519:1527 arg1 polysaccharides 1529:1543 The bioactive polysaccharides 1515:1543 The bioactive polysaccharides in HCC induced rats 1515:1563 The bioactive polysaccharides in HCC induced rats improved the humoral immune response. 27955748 5 123 theme 16 1163:1164 arg1 acids 1183:1187 16, 15 and 15 amino acids 1163:1187 acids 1183:1187 RESULTS The GLC analysis of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM polysaccharide revealed the presence of 10, 9 and 10 sugars, in addition the amino acid analyzer enable identification of 16, 15 and 15 amino acids, respectively. 27955748 9 124 theme intestinalis 1740:1751 arg1 extracts 1698:1705 polysaccharide extracts 1683:1705 polysaccharide extracts of Jania rubens and Enteromorpha intestinalis 1683:1751 The photomicrographs of liver tissue sections of the groups of HCC treated with polysaccharide extracts of Jania rubens and Enteromorpha intestinalis showed intact histological structure. 27955748 1 125 theme Jania 301:305 arg1 rubens 307:312 Jania rubens 301:312 Jania rubens 301:312 OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. 28179817 2 0 theme transplacental 470:483 arg1 signals 485:491 sex-specific transplacental signals 457:491 sex-specific transplacental signals to the developing brain 457:515 Sex differences in the placenta, which begin with sex chromosomes, are likely to produce sex-specific transplacental signals to the developing brain. 28179817 1 1 theme attention 319:327 arg1 ADHD 361:364 ADHD 361:364 ADHD 361:364 Prenatal insults, such as maternal stress, are associated with an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk and impact males significantly more than females, including increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 28179817 1 1 theme attention 319:327 arg1 disorder 351:358 attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder 319:358 attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 319:365 Prenatal insults, such as maternal stress, are associated with an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk and impact males significantly more than females, including increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 28179817 1 2 theme increased 246:254 arg1 rates 256:260 increased rates 246:260 increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 246:365 Prenatal insults, such as maternal stress, are associated with an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk and impact males significantly more than females, including increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 28179817 2 3 theme sex-specific 457:468 arg1 signals 485:491 sex-specific transplacental signals 457:491 sex-specific transplacental signals to the developing brain 457:515 Sex differences in the placenta, which begin with sex chromosomes, are likely to produce sex-specific transplacental signals to the developing brain. 28179817 1 4 theme deficit/hyperactivity 329:349 arg1 ADHD 361:364 ADHD 361:364 ADHD 361:364 Prenatal insults, such as maternal stress, are associated with an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk and impact males significantly more than females, including increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 28179817 1 4 theme deficit/hyperactivity 329:349 arg1 disorder 351:358 attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder 319:358 attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 319:365 Prenatal insults, such as maternal stress, are associated with an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk and impact males significantly more than females, including increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 28179817 1 5 theme increased 144:152 arg1 risk 181:184 an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk 141:184 an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk 141:184 Prenatal insults, such as maternal stress, are associated with an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk and impact males significantly more than females, including increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 28179817 4 6 from stress 676:681 arg1 mice 686:689 mice 686:689 mice 686:689 Through a genome-wide screen after maternal stress in mice, we identified the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and demonstrated its causality in neurodevelopmental programming producing a male-specific stress phenotype. 28179817 1 7 theme disorder 351:358 arg1 rates 256:260 increased rates 246:260 increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 246:365 Prenatal insults, such as maternal stress, are associated with an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk and impact males significantly more than females, including increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 28179817 4 8 theme O-linked 724:731 arg1 OGT 766:768 OGT 766:768 OGT 766:768 Through a genome-wide screen after maternal stress in mice, we identified the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and demonstrated its causality in neurodevelopmental programming producing a male-specific stress phenotype. 28179817 4 8 theme O-linked 724:731 arg1 transferase 753:763 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 724:763 the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 706:769 Through a genome-wide screen after maternal stress in mice, we identified the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and demonstrated its causality in neurodevelopmental programming producing a male-specific stress phenotype. 28179817 5 9 theme brain 977:981 arg1 development 983:993 impact brain development 970:993 impact brain development 970:993 Elucidating the sex-specific molecular mechanisms involved in transplacental signals that impact brain development is key to understanding the sex bias in neurodevelopmental disorders and is expected to yield novel insight into disease risk and resilience. 28179817 1 10 theme autism 265:270 arg1 rates 256:260 increased rates 246:260 increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 246:365 Prenatal insults, such as maternal stress, are associated with an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk and impact males significantly more than females, including increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 28179817 2 11 theme developing 500:509 arg1 brain 511:515 the developing brain 496:515 the developing brain 496:515 Sex differences in the placenta, which begin with sex chromosomes, are likely to produce sex-specific transplacental signals to the developing brain. 28179817 0 12 from differences 39:49 arg1 vulnerability 63:75 prenatal vulnerability 54:75 prenatal vulnerability 54:75 The placenta and neurodevelopment: sex differences in prenatal vulnerability. 28179817 4 13 theme male-specific 848:860 arg1 phenotype 869:877 a male-specific stress phenotype 846:877 a male-specific stress phenotype 846:877 Through a genome-wide screen after maternal stress in mice, we identified the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and demonstrated its causality in neurodevelopmental programming producing a male-specific stress phenotype. 28179817 1 14 theme neurodevelopmental 154:171 arg1 risk 181:184 an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk 141:184 an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk 141:184 Prenatal insults, such as maternal stress, are associated with an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk and impact males significantly more than females, including increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 28179817 1 15 theme Prenatal 78:85 arg1 stress 113:118 maternal stress 104:118 maternal stress 104:118 Prenatal insults, such as maternal stress, are associated with an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk and impact males significantly more than females, including increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 28179817 1 15 theme Prenatal 78:85 arg1 insults 87:93 Prenatal insults 78:93 Prenatal insults 78:93 Prenatal insults, such as maternal stress, are associated with an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk and impact males significantly more than females, including increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 28179817 5 16 from bias 1027:1030 arg1 disorders 1054:1062 neurodevelopmental disorders 1035:1062 neurodevelopmental disorders 1035:1062 Elucidating the sex-specific molecular mechanisms involved in transplacental signals that impact brain development is key to understanding the sex bias in neurodevelopmental disorders and is expected to yield novel insight into disease risk and resilience. 28179817 1 17 theme disease 173:179 arg1 risk 181:184 an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk 141:184 an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk 141:184 Prenatal insults, such as maternal stress, are associated with an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk and impact males significantly more than females, including increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 28179817 5 18 theme neurodevelopmental 1035:1052 arg1 disorders 1054:1062 neurodevelopmental disorders 1035:1062 neurodevelopmental disorders 1035:1062 Elucidating the sex-specific molecular mechanisms involved in transplacental signals that impact brain development is key to understanding the sex bias in neurodevelopmental disorders and is expected to yield novel insight into disease risk and resilience. 28179817 3 19 theme X-linked 557:564 arg1 genes 566:570 X-linked genes 557:570 X-linked genes that are expressed at higher levels in the female placenta 557:629 Our studies and others have identified X-linked genes that are expressed at higher levels in the female placenta. 28179817 4 20 theme stress 862:867 arg1 phenotype 869:877 a male-specific stress phenotype 846:877 a male-specific stress phenotype 846:877 Through a genome-wide screen after maternal stress in mice, we identified the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and demonstrated its causality in neurodevelopmental programming producing a male-specific stress phenotype. 28179817 4 21 theme X-linked 710:717 arg1 gene 719:722 the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 706:769 the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 706:769 Through a genome-wide screen after maternal stress in mice, we identified the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and demonstrated its causality in neurodevelopmental programming producing a male-specific stress phenotype. 28179817 2 22 theme Sex 368:370 arg1 differences 372:382 Sex differences 368:382 Sex differences 368:382 Sex differences in the placenta, which begin with sex chromosomes, are likely to produce sex-specific transplacental signals to the developing brain. 28179817 2 23 theme sex 418:420 arg1 chromosomes 422:432 sex chromosomes 418:432 sex chromosomes 418:432 Sex differences in the placenta, which begin with sex chromosomes, are likely to produce sex-specific transplacental signals to the developing brain. 28179817 1 24 theme mental 273:278 arg1 retardation 280:290 mental retardation 273:290 mental retardation 273:290 Prenatal insults, such as maternal stress, are associated with an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk and impact males significantly more than females, including increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 28179817 5 25 theme impact 970:975 arg1 development 983:993 impact brain development 970:993 impact brain development 970:993 Elucidating the sex-specific molecular mechanisms involved in transplacental signals that impact brain development is key to understanding the sex bias in neurodevelopmental disorders and is expected to yield novel insight into disease risk and resilience. 28179817 4 26 theme N-acetylglucosamine 733:751 arg1 OGT 766:768 OGT 766:768 OGT 766:768 Through a genome-wide screen after maternal stress in mice, we identified the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and demonstrated its causality in neurodevelopmental programming producing a male-specific stress phenotype. 28179817 4 26 theme N-acetylglucosamine 733:751 arg1 transferase 753:763 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 724:763 the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 706:769 Through a genome-wide screen after maternal stress in mice, we identified the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and demonstrated its causality in neurodevelopmental programming producing a male-specific stress phenotype. 28179817 1 27 theme impact 190:195 arg1 males 197:201 impact males 190:201 impact males 190:201 Prenatal insults, such as maternal stress, are associated with an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk and impact males significantly more than females, including increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 28179817 1 28 theme retardation 280:290 arg1 rates 256:260 increased rates 246:260 increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 246:365 Prenatal insults, such as maternal stress, are associated with an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk and impact males significantly more than females, including increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 28179817 5 29 theme disease 1108:1114 arg1 risk 1116:1119 disease risk 1108:1119 disease risk 1108:1119 Elucidating the sex-specific molecular mechanisms involved in transplacental signals that impact brain development is key to understanding the sex bias in neurodevelopmental disorders and is expected to yield novel insight into disease risk and resilience. 28179817 4 30 link X-linked 710:717 arg1 gene 719:722 the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 706:769 the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 706:769 Through a genome-wide screen after maternal stress in mice, we identified the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and demonstrated its causality in neurodevelopmental programming producing a male-specific stress phenotype. 28179817 0 31 theme sex 35:37 arg1 differences 39:49 sex differences 35:49 The placenta and neurodevelopment: sex differences in prenatal vulnerability. 0:76 The placenta and neurodevelopment: sex differences in prenatal vulnerability. 28179817 4 32 theme neurodevelopmental 805:822 arg1 programming 824:834 neurodevelopmental programming 805:834 neurodevelopmental programming producing a male-specific stress phenotype 805:877 Through a genome-wide screen after maternal stress in mice, we identified the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and demonstrated its causality in neurodevelopmental programming producing a male-specific stress phenotype. 28179817 5 33 theme sex-specific 896:907 arg1 mechanisms 919:928 the sex-specific molecular mechanisms 892:928 the sex-specific molecular mechanisms involved in transplacental signals 892:963 Elucidating the sex-specific molecular mechanisms involved in transplacental signals that impact brain development is key to understanding the sex bias in neurodevelopmental disorders and is expected to yield novel insight into disease risk and resilience. 28179817 4 34 theme genome-wide 642:652 arg1 screen 654:659 a genome-wide screen 640:659 a genome-wide screen after maternal stress in mice 640:689 Through a genome-wide screen after maternal stress in mice, we identified the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and demonstrated its causality in neurodevelopmental programming producing a male-specific stress phenotype. 28179817 1 35 theme stuttering 293:302 arg1 rates 256:260 increased rates 246:260 increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 246:365 Prenatal insults, such as maternal stress, are associated with an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk and impact males significantly more than females, including increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 28179817 3 36 theme female 615:620 arg1 placenta 622:629 the female placenta 611:629 the female placenta 611:629 Our studies and others have identified X-linked genes that are expressed at higher levels in the female placenta. 28179817 2 37 from differences 372:382 arg1 placenta 391:398 the placenta 387:398 the placenta 387:398 Sex differences in the placenta, which begin with sex chromosomes, are likely to produce sex-specific transplacental signals to the developing brain. 28179817 1 38 theme more 217:220 arg1 risk 181:184 an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk 141:184 an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk 141:184 Prenatal insults, such as maternal stress, are associated with an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk and impact males significantly more than females, including increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 28179817 1 39 theme maternal 104:111 arg1 stress 113:118 maternal stress 104:118 maternal stress 104:118 Prenatal insults, such as maternal stress, are associated with an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk and impact males significantly more than females, including increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 28179817 1 40 theme dyslexia 305:312 arg1 rates 256:260 increased rates 246:260 increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 246:365 Prenatal insults, such as maternal stress, are associated with an increased neurodevelopmental disease risk and impact males significantly more than females, including increased rates of autism, mental retardation, stuttering, dyslexia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 28179817 5 41 theme novel 1089:1093 arg1 insight 1095:1101 novel insight 1089:1101 novel insight into disease risk and resilience 1089:1134 Elucidating the sex-specific molecular mechanisms involved in transplacental signals that impact brain development is key to understanding the sex bias in neurodevelopmental disorders and is expected to yield novel insight into disease risk and resilience. 28179817 4 42 dep gene 719:722 arg1 OGT 766:768 OGT 766:768 OGT 766:768 Through a genome-wide screen after maternal stress in mice, we identified the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and demonstrated its causality in neurodevelopmental programming producing a male-specific stress phenotype. 28179817 4 42 dep gene 719:722 arg1 transferase 753:763 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 724:763 the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 706:769 Through a genome-wide screen after maternal stress in mice, we identified the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and demonstrated its causality in neurodevelopmental programming producing a male-specific stress phenotype. 28179817 3 43 theme higher 594:599 arg1 levels 601:606 higher levels 594:606 higher levels 594:606 Our studies and others have identified X-linked genes that are expressed at higher levels in the female placenta. 28179817 3 44 link X-linked 557:564 arg1 genes 566:570 X-linked genes 557:570 X-linked genes that are expressed at higher levels in the female placenta 557:629 Our studies and others have identified X-linked genes that are expressed at higher levels in the female placenta. 28179817 5 45 theme sex 1023:1025 arg1 bias 1027:1030 the sex bias 1019:1030 the sex bias in neurodevelopmental disorders 1019:1062 Elucidating the sex-specific molecular mechanisms involved in transplacental signals that impact brain development is key to understanding the sex bias in neurodevelopmental disorders and is expected to yield novel insight into disease risk and resilience. 28179817 5 46 theme transplacental 942:955 arg1 signals 957:963 transplacental signals 942:963 transplacental signals 942:963 Elucidating the sex-specific molecular mechanisms involved in transplacental signals that impact brain development is key to understanding the sex bias in neurodevelopmental disorders and is expected to yield novel insight into disease risk and resilience. 28179817 4 47 from causality 792:800 arg1 programming 824:834 neurodevelopmental programming 805:834 neurodevelopmental programming producing a male-specific stress phenotype 805:877 Through a genome-wide screen after maternal stress in mice, we identified the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and demonstrated its causality in neurodevelopmental programming producing a male-specific stress phenotype. 28179817 4 48 theme maternal 667:674 arg1 stress 676:681 maternal stress 667:681 maternal stress in mice 667:689 Through a genome-wide screen after maternal stress in mice, we identified the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and demonstrated its causality in neurodevelopmental programming producing a male-specific stress phenotype. 28179817 0 49 dep placenta 4:11 arg1 differences 39:49 sex differences 35:49 The placenta and neurodevelopment: sex differences in prenatal vulnerability. 0:76 The placenta and neurodevelopment: sex differences in prenatal vulnerability. 28179817 5 50 theme molecular 909:917 arg1 mechanisms 919:928 the sex-specific molecular mechanisms 892:928 the sex-specific molecular mechanisms involved in transplacental signals 892:963 Elucidating the sex-specific molecular mechanisms involved in transplacental signals that impact brain development is key to understanding the sex bias in neurodevelopmental disorders and is expected to yield novel insight into disease risk and resilience. 28179817 0 51 theme prenatal 54:61 arg1 vulnerability 63:75 prenatal vulnerability 54:75 prenatal vulnerability 54:75 The placenta and neurodevelopment: sex differences in prenatal vulnerability. 28179817 4 52 link O-linked 724:731 arg1 OGT 766:768 OGT 766:768 OGT 766:768 Through a genome-wide screen after maternal stress in mice, we identified the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and demonstrated its causality in neurodevelopmental programming producing a male-specific stress phenotype. 28179817 4 52 link O-linked 724:731 arg1 transferase 753:763 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 724:763 the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 706:769 Through a genome-wide screen after maternal stress in mice, we identified the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and demonstrated its causality in neurodevelopmental programming producing a male-specific stress phenotype. 25522549 0 0 theme radical 74:80 arg1 scavenging 82:91 free radical scavenging 69:91 free radical scavenging 69:91 Chemical composition of the essential oil of Ligularia hodgsonii and free radical scavenging activity of the oil and crude extracts. 25522549 1 1 theme chemical 137:144 arg1 composition 146:156 The chemical composition 133:156 The chemical composition of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii 133:224 The chemical composition of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). 25522549 0 2 theme free 69:72 arg1 scavenging 82:91 free radical scavenging 69:91 free radical scavenging 69:91 Chemical composition of the essential oil of Ligularia hodgsonii and free radical scavenging activity of the oil and crude extracts. 25522549 0 3 theme activity 93:100 arg1 oil 38:40 the essential oil 24:40 the essential oil of Ligularia hodgsonii and free radical scavenging activity of the oil and crude extracts 24:130 Chemical composition of the essential oil of Ligularia hodgsonii and free radical scavenging activity of the oil and crude extracts. 25522549 1 4 from composition 146:156 arg1 roots 184:188 roots 184:188 roots 184:188 The chemical composition of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). 25522549 1 4 from composition 146:156 arg1 rhizomes 194:201 rhizomes 194:201 rhizomes 194:201 The chemical composition of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). 25522549 5 5 theme ethanolic 858:866 arg1 extracts 880:887 the ethanolic and aqueous extracts 854:887 the ethanolic and aqueous extracts 854:887 The essential oil displayed a lower capacity to quench free radicals than the extracts; the ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed considerably higher antioxidant potential that deserves further study. 25522549 1 6 theme gas 242:244 arg1 GC 262:263 GC 262:263 GC 262:263 The chemical composition of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). 25522549 1 6 theme gas 242:244 arg1 chromatography 246:259 gas chromatography 242:259 gas chromatography (GC) 242:264 The chemical composition of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). 25522549 0 7 theme scavenging 82:91 arg1 activity 93:100 Ligularia hodgsonii and free radical scavenging activity 45:100 Ligularia hodgsonii and free radical scavenging activity of the oil and crude extracts 45:130 Chemical composition of the essential oil of Ligularia hodgsonii and free radical scavenging activity of the oil and crude extracts. 25522549 4 8 theme ABTS 753:756 arg1 assays 758:763 DPPH and ABTS assays 744:763 DPPH and ABTS assays 744:763 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil, aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, and crude polysaccharides of L. hodgsonii, as well as some of their major components, were investigated using DPPH and ABTS assays. 25522549 5 9 theme aqueous 872:878 arg1 extracts 880:887 the ethanolic and aqueous extracts 854:887 the ethanolic and aqueous extracts 854:887 The essential oil displayed a lower capacity to quench free radicals than the extracts; the ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed considerably higher antioxidant potential that deserves further study. 25522549 3 10 theme main 378:381 arg1 l- 401:402 l- 401:402 l- 401:402 The main constituents were l-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6- dihexadecanoate (15.7%), selina-6-en-4-ol (8.4%) and 9,10-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroanthracene (6.6%). 25522549 3 10 theme main 378:381 arg1 constituents 383:394 The main constituents 374:394 The main constituents 374:394 The main constituents were l-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6- dihexadecanoate (15.7%), selina-6-en-4-ol (8.4%) and 9,10-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroanthracene (6.6%). 25522549 4 11 theme oil 593:595 arg1 extract 625:631 ethanolic extract 615:631 ethanolic extract 615:631 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil, aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, and crude polysaccharides of L. hodgsonii, as well as some of their major components, were investigated using DPPH and ABTS assays. 25522549 4 11 theme oil 593:595 arg1 activities 565:574 The free radical scavenging activities 537:574 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil 537:595 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil, aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, and crude polysaccharides of L. hodgsonii, as well as some of their major components, were investigated using DPPH and ABTS assays. 25522549 4 11 theme oil 593:595 arg1 polysaccharides 644:658 crude polysaccharides 638:658 crude polysaccharides of L. hodgsonii 638:674 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil, aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, and crude polysaccharides of L. hodgsonii, as well as some of their major components, were investigated using DPPH and ABTS assays. 25522549 4 11 theme oil 593:595 arg1 extract 606:612 aqueous extract 598:612 aqueous extract 598:612 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil, aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, and crude polysaccharides of L. hodgsonii, as well as some of their major components, were investigated using DPPH and ABTS assays. 25522549 4 12 theme hodgsonii 666:674 arg1 extract 625:631 ethanolic extract 615:631 ethanolic extract 615:631 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil, aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, and crude polysaccharides of L. hodgsonii, as well as some of their major components, were investigated using DPPH and ABTS assays. 25522549 4 12 theme hodgsonii 666:674 arg1 activities 565:574 The free radical scavenging activities 537:574 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil 537:595 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil, aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, and crude polysaccharides of L. hodgsonii, as well as some of their major components, were investigated using DPPH and ABTS assays. 25522549 4 12 theme hodgsonii 666:674 arg1 polysaccharides 644:658 crude polysaccharides 638:658 crude polysaccharides of L. hodgsonii 638:674 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil, aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, and crude polysaccharides of L. hodgsonii, as well as some of their major components, were investigated using DPPH and ABTS assays. 25522549 4 12 theme hodgsonii 666:674 arg1 extract 606:612 aqueous extract 598:612 aqueous extract 598:612 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil, aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, and crude polysaccharides of L. hodgsonii, as well as some of their major components, were investigated using DPPH and ABTS assays. 25522549 1 13 theme essential 165:173 arg1 oil 175:177 the essential oil 161:177 the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii 161:224 The chemical composition of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). 25522549 0 14 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 composition 9:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition of the essential oil of Ligularia hodgsonii and free radical scavenging activity of the oil and crude extracts. 0:131 Chemical composition of the essential oil of Ligularia hodgsonii and free radical scavenging activity of the oil and crude extracts. 25522549 1 15 theme oil 175:177 arg1 composition 146:156 The chemical composition 133:156 The chemical composition of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii 133:224 The chemical composition of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). 25522549 0 16 theme oil 109:111 arg1 extracts 123:130 the oil and crude extracts 105:130 extracts 123:130 Chemical composition of the essential oil of Ligularia hodgsonii and free radical scavenging activity of the oil and crude extracts. 25522549 3 17 theme -ascorbic 406:414 arg1 dihexadecanoate 426:440 -ascorbic acid 2,6- dihexadecanoate 406:440 -ascorbic acid 2,6- dihexadecanoate 406:440 The main constituents were l-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6- dihexadecanoate (15.7%), selina-6-en-4-ol (8.4%) and 9,10-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroanthracene (6.6%). 25522549 0 18 theme oil 38:40 arg1 composition 9:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition of the essential oil of Ligularia hodgsonii and free radical scavenging activity of the oil and crude extracts. 0:131 Chemical composition of the essential oil of Ligularia hodgsonii and free radical scavenging activity of the oil and crude extracts. 25522549 5 19 theme free 821:824 arg1 radicals 826:833 free radicals 821:833 free radicals than the extracts 821:851 The essential oil displayed a lower capacity to quench free radicals than the extracts; the ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed considerably higher antioxidant potential that deserves further study. 25522549 0 20 theme extracts 123:130 arg1 activity 93:100 Ligularia hodgsonii and free radical scavenging activity 45:100 Ligularia hodgsonii and free radical scavenging activity of the oil and crude extracts 45:130 Chemical composition of the essential oil of Ligularia hodgsonii and free radical scavenging activity of the oil and crude extracts. 25522549 4 21 theme essential 583:591 arg1 oil 593:595 the essential oil 579:595 the essential oil 579:595 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil, aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, and crude polysaccharides of L. hodgsonii, as well as some of their major components, were investigated using DPPH and ABTS assays. 25522549 4 22 theme aqueous 598:604 arg1 extract 606:612 aqueous extract 598:612 aqueous extract 598:612 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil, aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, and crude polysaccharides of L. hodgsonii, as well as some of their major components, were investigated using DPPH and ABTS assays. 25522549 2 23 theme oil 369:371 arg1 oil 369:371 the total oil 359:371 the total oil 359:371 Forty-seven components were identified, representing 77.0% of the total oil. 25522549 2 23 theme oil 369:371 arg1 % 354:354 77.0% 350:354 77.0% of the total oil 350:371 Forty-seven components were identified, representing 77.0% of the total oil. 25522549 0 24 theme essential 28:36 arg1 oil 38:40 the essential oil 24:40 the essential oil of Ligularia hodgsonii and free radical scavenging activity of the oil and crude extracts 24:130 Chemical composition of the essential oil of Ligularia hodgsonii and free radical scavenging activity of the oil and crude extracts. 25522549 1 25 theme GC-mass 270:276 arg1 spectrometry 278:289 GC-mass spectrometry 270:289 GC-mass spectrometry (MS) 270:294 The chemical composition of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). 25522549 1 25 theme GC-mass 270:276 arg1 MS 292:293 MS 292:293 MS 292:293 The chemical composition of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). 25522549 0 26 theme crude 117:121 arg1 extracts 123:130 the oil and crude extracts 105:130 extracts 123:130 Chemical composition of the essential oil of Ligularia hodgsonii and free radical scavenging activity of the oil and crude extracts. 25522549 4 27 theme scavenging 554:563 arg1 activities 565:574 The free radical scavenging activities 537:574 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil 537:595 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil, aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, and crude polysaccharides of L. hodgsonii, as well as some of their major components, were investigated using DPPH and ABTS assays. 25522549 2 28 theme total 363:367 arg1 oil 369:371 the total oil 359:371 the total oil 359:371 Forty-seven components were identified, representing 77.0% of the total oil. 25522549 0 29 theme Ligularia 45:53 arg1 hodgsonii 55:63 Ligularia hodgsonii 45:63 Ligularia hodgsonii 45:63 Chemical composition of the essential oil of Ligularia hodgsonii and free radical scavenging activity of the oil and crude extracts. 25522549 4 30 theme DPPH 744:747 arg1 assays 758:763 DPPH and ABTS assays 744:763 DPPH and ABTS assays 744:763 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil, aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, and crude polysaccharides of L. hodgsonii, as well as some of their major components, were investigated using DPPH and ABTS assays. 25522549 1 31 from rhizomes 194:201 arg1 oil 175:177 the essential oil 161:177 the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii 161:224 The chemical composition of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). 25522549 1 31 from rhizomes 194:201 arg1 composition 146:156 The chemical composition 133:156 The chemical composition of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii 133:224 The chemical composition of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). 25522549 4 32 theme crude 638:642 arg1 polysaccharides 644:658 crude polysaccharides 638:658 crude polysaccharides of L. hodgsonii 638:674 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil, aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, and crude polysaccharides of L. hodgsonii, as well as some of their major components, were investigated using DPPH and ABTS assays. 25522549 5 33 theme further 952:958 arg1 study 960:964 further study 952:964 further study 952:964 The essential oil displayed a lower capacity to quench free radicals than the extracts; the ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed considerably higher antioxidant potential that deserves further study. 25522549 2 34 theme Forty-seven 297:307 arg1 components 309:318 Forty-seven components 297:318 Forty-seven components 297:318 Forty-seven components were identified, representing 77.0% of the total oil. 25522549 4 35 theme major 702:706 arg1 components 708:717 their major components 696:717 their major components 696:717 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil, aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, and crude polysaccharides of L. hodgsonii, as well as some of their major components, were investigated using DPPH and ABTS assays. 25522549 1 36 from roots 184:188 arg1 oil 175:177 the essential oil 161:177 the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii 161:224 The chemical composition of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). 25522549 1 36 from roots 184:188 arg1 composition 146:156 The chemical composition 133:156 The chemical composition of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii 133:224 The chemical composition of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). 25522549 3 37 theme acid 416:419 arg1 dihexadecanoate 426:440 -ascorbic acid 2,6- dihexadecanoate 406:440 -ascorbic acid 2,6- dihexadecanoate 406:440 The main constituents were l-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6- dihexadecanoate (15.7%), selina-6-en-4-ol (8.4%) and 9,10-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroanthracene (6.6%). 25522549 4 38 theme free 541:544 arg1 scavenging 554:563 The free radical scavenging 537:563 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil 537:595 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil, aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, and crude polysaccharides of L. hodgsonii, as well as some of their major components, were investigated using DPPH and ABTS assays. 25522549 3 39 theme 2,6- 421:424 arg1 dihexadecanoate 426:440 -ascorbic acid 2,6- dihexadecanoate 406:440 -ascorbic acid 2,6- dihexadecanoate 406:440 The main constituents were l-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6- dihexadecanoate (15.7%), selina-6-en-4-ol (8.4%) and 9,10-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroanthracene (6.6%). 25522549 1 40 theme Ligularia 206:214 arg1 hodgsonii 216:224 Ligularia hodgsonii 206:224 Ligularia hodgsonii 206:224 The chemical composition of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). 25522549 5 41 theme higher 909:914 arg1 potential 928:936 considerably higher antioxidant potential 896:936 considerably higher antioxidant potential that deserves further study 896:964 The essential oil displayed a lower capacity to quench free radicals than the extracts; the ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed considerably higher antioxidant potential that deserves further study. 25522549 4 42 theme ethanolic 615:623 arg1 extract 625:631 ethanolic extract 615:631 ethanolic extract 615:631 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil, aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, and crude polysaccharides of L. hodgsonii, as well as some of their major components, were investigated using DPPH and ABTS assays. 25522549 5 43 theme essential 770:778 arg1 oil 780:782 The essential oil 766:782 The essential oil 766:782 The essential oil displayed a lower capacity to quench free radicals than the extracts; the ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed considerably higher antioxidant potential that deserves further study. 25522549 1 44 theme hodgsonii 216:224 arg1 roots 184:188 roots 184:188 roots 184:188 The chemical composition of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). 25522549 1 44 theme hodgsonii 216:224 arg1 rhizomes 194:201 rhizomes 194:201 rhizomes 194:201 The chemical composition of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia hodgsonii was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). 25522549 0 45 theme hodgsonii 55:63 arg1 activity 93:100 Ligularia hodgsonii and free radical scavenging activity 45:100 Ligularia hodgsonii and free radical scavenging activity of the oil and crude extracts 45:130 Chemical composition of the essential oil of Ligularia hodgsonii and free radical scavenging activity of the oil and crude extracts. 25522549 5 46 theme antioxidant 916:926 arg1 potential 928:936 considerably higher antioxidant potential 896:936 considerably higher antioxidant potential that deserves further study 896:964 The essential oil displayed a lower capacity to quench free radicals than the extracts; the ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed considerably higher antioxidant potential that deserves further study. 25522549 5 47 theme lower 796:800 arg1 capacity 802:809 a lower capacity 794:809 a lower capacity to quench free radicals than the extracts 794:851 The essential oil displayed a lower capacity to quench free radicals than the extracts; the ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed considerably higher antioxidant potential that deserves further study. 25522549 4 48 theme radical 546:552 arg1 scavenging 554:563 The free radical scavenging 537:563 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil 537:595 The free radical scavenging activities of the essential oil, aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, and crude polysaccharides of L. hodgsonii, as well as some of their major components, were investigated using DPPH and ABTS assays. 29805991 0 0 theme Adhesion 80:87 arg1 Control 64:70 Tunable Control 56:70 Genetically Encoded Toolbox for Glycocalyx Engineering: Tunable Control of Cell Adhesion, Survival, and Cancer Cell Behaviors. 0:125 Genetically Encoded Toolbox for Glycocalyx Engineering: Tunable Control of Cell Adhesion, Survival, and Cancer Cell Behaviors. 29805991 5 1 dep fully 670:674 arg1 detached 676:683 detached 676:683 detached 676:683 By manipulating the glycocalyx structure, we are able to switch the adhesive state of cells from strongly adherent to fully detached. 29805991 3 2 dep tools 342:346 arg1 model 376:380 model 376:380 model the cancer-specific glycocalyx 376:411 However, tools to experimentally mimic and model the cancer-specific glycocalyx remain limited. 29805991 3 2 dep tools 342:346 arg1 mimic 366:370 mimic 366:370 mimic 366:370 However, tools to experimentally mimic and model the cancer-specific glycocalyx remain limited. 29805991 4 3 theme encoded 460:466 arg1 toolkit 468:474 a genetically encoded toolkit 446:474 a genetically encoded toolkit to engineer the chemical and physical structure of the cellular glycocalyx 446:549 Here, we develop a genetically encoded toolkit to engineer the chemical and physical structure of the cellular glycocalyx. 29805991 0 4 theme Cell 75:78 arg1 Adhesion 80:87 Cell Adhesion 75:87 Cell Adhesion 75:87 Genetically Encoded Toolbox for Glycocalyx Engineering: Tunable Control of Cell Adhesion, Survival, and Cancer Cell Behaviors. 29805991 4 5 theme chemical 492:499 arg1 structure 514:522 the chemical and physical structure 488:522 the chemical and physical structure of the cellular glycocalyx 488:549 Here, we develop a genetically encoded toolkit to engineer the chemical and physical structure of the cellular glycocalyx. 29805991 8 6 with cells 1102:1106 arg1 glycocalyx 1121:1130 a thick glycocalyx 1113:1130 a thick glycocalyx 1113:1130 While anchorage is still required for proliferation, we find that cells with a thick glycocalyx can dynamically attach to a matrix scaffold, undergo cellular division, and quickly disassociate again into a suspended state. 29805991 5 7 theme adhesive 620:627 arg1 state 629:633 the adhesive state 616:633 the adhesive state of cells 616:642 By manipulating the glycocalyx structure, we are able to switch the adhesive state of cells from strongly adherent to fully detached. 29805991 0 8 theme Survival 90:97 arg1 Control 64:70 Tunable Control 56:70 Genetically Encoded Toolbox for Glycocalyx Engineering: Tunable Control of Cell Adhesion, Survival, and Cancer Cell Behaviors. 0:125 Genetically Encoded Toolbox for Glycocalyx Engineering: Tunable Control of Cell Adhesion, Survival, and Cancer Cell Behaviors. 29805991 6 9 theme metastatic 868:877 arg1 dissemination 879:891 metastatic dissemination 868:891 metastatic dissemination 868:891 Surprisingly, we find that a thick and dense glycocalyx with high O-glycan content promotes cell survival even in a suspended state, characteristic of circulating tumor cells during metastatic dissemination. 29805991 6 10 theme cell 778:781 arg1 survival 783:790 cell survival 778:790 cell survival 778:790 Surprisingly, we find that a thick and dense glycocalyx with high O-glycan content promotes cell survival even in a suspended state, characteristic of circulating tumor cells during metastatic dissemination. 29805991 7 11 theme receptor 971:978 arg1 kinase 989:994 receptor tyrosine kinase 971:994 receptor tyrosine kinase 971:994 Our data suggest that glycocalyx-mediated survival is largely independent of receptor tyrosine kinase and mitogen activated kinase signaling. 29805991 5 12 theme cells 638:642 arg1 state 629:633 the adhesive state 616:633 the adhesive state of cells 616:642 By manipulating the glycocalyx structure, we are able to switch the adhesive state of cells from strongly adherent to fully detached. 29805991 8 13 theme matrix 1160:1165 arg1 scaffold 1167:1174 a matrix scaffold 1158:1174 a matrix scaffold 1158:1174 While anchorage is still required for proliferation, we find that cells with a thick glycocalyx can dynamically attach to a matrix scaffold, undergo cellular division, and quickly disassociate again into a suspended state. 29805991 9 14 theme needed 1295:1300 arg1 toolkit 1302:1308 a needed toolkit 1293:1308 a needed toolkit for engineering the glycocalyx in glycobiology and cancer research 1293:1375 Together, our technology provides a needed toolkit for engineering the glycocalyx in glycobiology and cancer research. 29805991 9 15 from glycocalyx 1330:1339 arg1 research 1368:1375 glycobiology and cancer research 1344:1375 research 1368:1375 Together, our technology provides a needed toolkit for engineering the glycocalyx in glycobiology and cancer research. 29805991 6 16 theme tumor 849:853 arg1 cells 855:859 tumor cells 849:859 tumor cells 849:859 Surprisingly, we find that a thick and dense glycocalyx with high O-glycan content promotes cell survival even in a suspended state, characteristic of circulating tumor cells during metastatic dissemination. 29805991 6 17 theme O-glycan 752:759 arg1 content 761:767 high O-glycan content 747:767 high O-glycan content 747:767 Surprisingly, we find that a thick and dense glycocalyx with high O-glycan content promotes cell survival even in a suspended state, characteristic of circulating tumor cells during metastatic dissemination. 29805991 0 18 theme Encoded 12:18 arg1 Toolbox 20:26 Genetically Encoded Toolbox 0:26 Genetically Encoded Toolbox for Glycocalyx Engineering: Tunable Control of Cell Adhesion, Survival, and Cancer Cell Behaviors. 0:125 Genetically Encoded Toolbox for Glycocalyx Engineering: Tunable Control of Cell Adhesion, Survival, and Cancer Cell Behaviors. 29805991 2 19 located observed 301:308 arg2 perturbations 221:233 Dramatic perturbations 212:233 Dramatic perturbations to the composition and structure of the glycocalyx 212:284 Dramatic perturbations to the composition and structure of the glycocalyx are frequently observed in aggressive cancers. 29805991 2 19 located observed 301:308 arg1 cancers 324:330 aggressive cancers 313:330 aggressive cancers 313:330 Dramatic perturbations to the composition and structure of the glycocalyx are frequently observed in aggressive cancers. 29805991 6 20 theme high 747:750 arg1 content 761:767 high O-glycan content 747:767 high O-glycan content 747:767 Surprisingly, we find that a thick and dense glycocalyx with high O-glycan content promotes cell survival even in a suspended state, characteristic of circulating tumor cells during metastatic dissemination. 29805991 8 21 attach attach 1148:1153 arg2 cells 1102:1106 cells 1102:1106 cells with a thick glycocalyx 1102:1130 While anchorage is still required for proliferation, we find that cells with a thick glycocalyx can dynamically attach to a matrix scaffold, undergo cellular division, and quickly disassociate again into a suspended state. 29805991 8 21 attach attach 1148:1153 arg1 scaffold 1167:1174 a matrix scaffold 1158:1174 a matrix scaffold 1158:1174 While anchorage is still required for proliferation, we find that cells with a thick glycocalyx can dynamically attach to a matrix scaffold, undergo cellular division, and quickly disassociate again into a suspended state. 29805991 1 22 theme protein 158:164 arg1 glycocalyx 131:140 The glycocalyx 127:140 The glycocalyx 127:140 The glycocalyx is a coating of protein and sugar on the surface of all living cells. 29805991 1 22 theme protein 158:164 arg1 coating 147:153 a coating 145:153 a coating of protein and sugar on the surface of all living cells 145:209 The glycocalyx is a coating of protein and sugar on the surface of all living cells. 29805991 4 23 theme cellular 531:538 arg1 glycocalyx 540:549 the cellular glycocalyx 527:549 the cellular glycocalyx 527:549 Here, we develop a genetically encoded toolkit to engineer the chemical and physical structure of the cellular glycocalyx. 29805991 2 24 theme glycocalyx 275:284 arg1 structure 258:266 structure 258:266 structure 258:266 Dramatic perturbations to the composition and structure of the glycocalyx are frequently observed in aggressive cancers. 29805991 2 24 theme glycocalyx 275:284 arg1 composition 242:252 composition 242:252 composition 242:252 Dramatic perturbations to the composition and structure of the glycocalyx are frequently observed in aggressive cancers. 29805991 8 25 theme cellular 1185:1192 arg1 division 1194:1201 cellular division 1185:1201 cellular division 1185:1201 While anchorage is still required for proliferation, we find that cells with a thick glycocalyx can dynamically attach to a matrix scaffold, undergo cellular division, and quickly disassociate again into a suspended state. 29805991 0 26 theme Cell 111:114 arg1 Behaviors 116:124 Cancer Cell Behaviors 104:124 Cancer Cell Behaviors 104:124 Genetically Encoded Toolbox for Glycocalyx Engineering: Tunable Control of Cell Adhesion, Survival, and Cancer Cell Behaviors. 29805991 5 27 theme glycocalyx 572:581 arg1 structure 583:591 the glycocalyx structure 568:591 the glycocalyx structure 568:591 By manipulating the glycocalyx structure, we are able to switch the adhesive state of cells from strongly adherent to fully detached. 29805991 1 28 theme sugar 170:174 arg1 glycocalyx 131:140 The glycocalyx 127:140 The glycocalyx 127:140 The glycocalyx is a coating of protein and sugar on the surface of all living cells. 29805991 1 28 theme sugar 170:174 arg1 coating 147:153 a coating 145:153 a coating of protein and sugar on the surface of all living cells 145:209 The glycocalyx is a coating of protein and sugar on the surface of all living cells. 29805991 7 29 theme activated 1008:1016 arg1 kinase 1018:1023 mitogen activated kinase 1000:1023 mitogen activated kinase 1000:1023 Our data suggest that glycocalyx-mediated survival is largely independent of receptor tyrosine kinase and mitogen activated kinase signaling. 29805991 0 30 theme Cancer 104:109 arg1 Behaviors 116:124 Cancer Cell Behaviors 104:124 Cancer Cell Behaviors 104:124 Genetically Encoded Toolbox for Glycocalyx Engineering: Tunable Control of Cell Adhesion, Survival, and Cancer Cell Behaviors. 29805991 8 31 theme suspended 1242:1250 arg1 state 1252:1256 a suspended state 1240:1256 a suspended state 1240:1256 While anchorage is still required for proliferation, we find that cells with a thick glycocalyx can dynamically attach to a matrix scaffold, undergo cellular division, and quickly disassociate again into a suspended state. 29805991 4 32 theme glycocalyx 540:549 arg1 structure 514:522 the chemical and physical structure 488:522 the chemical and physical structure of the cellular glycocalyx 488:549 Here, we develop a genetically encoded toolkit to engineer the chemical and physical structure of the cellular glycocalyx. 29805991 6 33 theme characteristic 819:832 arg1 state 812:816 a suspended state 800:816 a suspended state 800:816 Surprisingly, we find that a thick and dense glycocalyx with high O-glycan content promotes cell survival even in a suspended state, characteristic of circulating tumor cells during metastatic dissemination. 29805991 3 34 theme cancer-specific 386:400 arg1 glycocalyx 402:411 the cancer-specific glycocalyx 382:411 the cancer-specific glycocalyx 382:411 However, tools to experimentally mimic and model the cancer-specific glycocalyx remain limited. 29805991 4 35 theme physical 505:512 arg1 structure 514:522 the chemical and physical structure 488:522 the chemical and physical structure of the cellular glycocalyx 488:549 Here, we develop a genetically encoded toolkit to engineer the chemical and physical structure of the cellular glycocalyx. 29805991 0 36 theme Glycocalyx 32:41 arg1 Engineering 43:53 Glycocalyx Engineering 32:53 Glycocalyx Engineering 32:53 Genetically Encoded Toolbox for Glycocalyx Engineering: Tunable Control of Cell Adhesion, Survival, and Cancer Cell Behaviors. 29805991 6 37 theme dense 725:729 arg1 glycocalyx 731:740 a thick and dense glycocalyx 713:740 a thick and dense glycocalyx with high O-glycan content 713:767 Surprisingly, we find that a thick and dense glycocalyx with high O-glycan content promotes cell survival even in a suspended state, characteristic of circulating tumor cells during metastatic dissemination. 29805991 0 38 theme Tunable 56:62 arg1 Control 64:70 Tunable Control 56:70 Genetically Encoded Toolbox for Glycocalyx Engineering: Tunable Control of Cell Adhesion, Survival, and Cancer Cell Behaviors. 0:125 Genetically Encoded Toolbox for Glycocalyx Engineering: Tunable Control of Cell Adhesion, Survival, and Cancer Cell Behaviors. 29805991 9 39 theme glycobiology 1344:1355 arg1 research 1368:1375 glycobiology and cancer research 1344:1375 research 1368:1375 Together, our technology provides a needed toolkit for engineering the glycocalyx in glycobiology and cancer research. 29805991 8 40 theme thick 1115:1119 arg1 glycocalyx 1121:1130 a thick glycocalyx 1113:1130 a thick glycocalyx 1113:1130 While anchorage is still required for proliferation, we find that cells with a thick glycocalyx can dynamically attach to a matrix scaffold, undergo cellular division, and quickly disassociate again into a suspended state. 29805991 7 41 theme kinase 1018:1023 arg1 signaling 1025:1033 receptor tyrosine kinase and mitogen activated kinase signaling 971:1033 receptor tyrosine kinase and mitogen activated kinase signaling 971:1033 Our data suggest that glycocalyx-mediated survival is largely independent of receptor tyrosine kinase and mitogen activated kinase signaling. 29805991 2 42 theme aggressive 313:322 arg1 cancers 324:330 aggressive cancers 313:330 aggressive cancers 313:330 Dramatic perturbations to the composition and structure of the glycocalyx are frequently observed in aggressive cancers. 29805991 0 43 theme Behaviors 116:124 arg1 Control 64:70 Tunable Control 56:70 Genetically Encoded Toolbox for Glycocalyx Engineering: Tunable Control of Cell Adhesion, Survival, and Cancer Cell Behaviors. 0:125 Genetically Encoded Toolbox for Glycocalyx Engineering: Tunable Control of Cell Adhesion, Survival, and Cancer Cell Behaviors. 29805991 9 44 theme cancer 1361:1366 arg1 research 1368:1375 glycobiology and cancer research 1344:1375 research 1368:1375 Together, our technology provides a needed toolkit for engineering the glycocalyx in glycobiology and cancer research. 29805991 6 45 theme suspended 802:810 arg1 state 812:816 a suspended state 800:816 a suspended state 800:816 Surprisingly, we find that a thick and dense glycocalyx with high O-glycan content promotes cell survival even in a suspended state, characteristic of circulating tumor cells during metastatic dissemination. 29805991 6 46 theme thick 715:719 arg1 glycocalyx 731:740 a thick and dense glycocalyx 713:740 a thick and dense glycocalyx with high O-glycan content 713:767 Surprisingly, we find that a thick and dense glycocalyx with high O-glycan content promotes cell survival even in a suspended state, characteristic of circulating tumor cells during metastatic dissemination. 29805991 7 47 theme signaling 1025:1033 arg1 independent 956:966 independent 956:966 independent 956:966 Our data suggest that glycocalyx-mediated survival is largely independent of receptor tyrosine kinase and mitogen activated kinase signaling. 29805991 7 48 theme mitogen 1000:1006 arg1 kinase 1018:1023 mitogen activated kinase 1000:1023 mitogen activated kinase 1000:1023 Our data suggest that glycocalyx-mediated survival is largely independent of receptor tyrosine kinase and mitogen activated kinase signaling. 29805991 6 49 with glycocalyx 731:740 arg1 content 761:767 high O-glycan content 747:767 high O-glycan content 747:767 Surprisingly, we find that a thick and dense glycocalyx with high O-glycan content promotes cell survival even in a suspended state, characteristic of circulating tumor cells during metastatic dissemination. 29805991 0 50 dep Toolbox 20:26 arg1 Control 64:70 Tunable Control 56:70 Genetically Encoded Toolbox for Glycocalyx Engineering: Tunable Control of Cell Adhesion, Survival, and Cancer Cell Behaviors. 0:125 Genetically Encoded Toolbox for Glycocalyx Engineering: Tunable Control of Cell Adhesion, Survival, and Cancer Cell Behaviors. 29805991 7 51 theme tyrosine 980:987 arg1 kinase 989:994 receptor tyrosine kinase 971:994 receptor tyrosine kinase 971:994 Our data suggest that glycocalyx-mediated survival is largely independent of receptor tyrosine kinase and mitogen activated kinase signaling. 29805991 2 52 theme Dramatic 212:219 arg1 perturbations 221:233 Dramatic perturbations 212:233 Dramatic perturbations to the composition and structure of the glycocalyx 212:284 Dramatic perturbations to the composition and structure of the glycocalyx are frequently observed in aggressive cancers. 29805991 7 53 theme kinase 989:994 arg1 signaling 1025:1033 receptor tyrosine kinase and mitogen activated kinase signaling 971:1033 receptor tyrosine kinase and mitogen activated kinase signaling 971:1033 Our data suggest that glycocalyx-mediated survival is largely independent of receptor tyrosine kinase and mitogen activated kinase signaling. 29805991 2 54 dep composition 242:252 arg1 the 238:240 the 238:240 the 238:240 Dramatic perturbations to the composition and structure of the glycocalyx are frequently observed in aggressive cancers. 29805991 1 55 theme living 198:203 arg1 cells 205:209 all living cells 194:209 all living cells 194:209 The glycocalyx is a coating of protein and sugar on the surface of all living cells. 29805991 7 56 theme glycocalyx-mediated 916:934 arg1 survival 936:943 glycocalyx-mediated survival 916:943 glycocalyx-mediated survival 916:943 Our data suggest that glycocalyx-mediated survival is largely independent of receptor tyrosine kinase and mitogen activated kinase signaling. 29805991 1 57 from coating 147:153 arg1 surface 183:189 the surface 179:189 the surface of all living cells 179:209 The glycocalyx is a coating of protein and sugar on the surface of all living cells. 29805991 1 58 theme cells 205:209 arg1 surface 183:189 the surface 179:189 the surface of all living cells 179:209 The glycocalyx is a coating of protein and sugar on the surface of all living cells. 27349314 2 0 from that 422:425 arg1 distinct 408:415 distinct 408:415 distinct 408:415 The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue - distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis - was studied using point mutagenesis, proteomic analysis and double immunofluorescence after in vivo electroporation of the mutagenized protein. 27349314 3 1 theme [P32 707:710 arg1 incorporation 690:702 diminished incorporation 679:702 diminished incorporation of [P32] by 37.4% and of 32 [C14-]UDP-glucose by 24%, respectively, into recombinant Rab7b_200 in comparison to the non-mutagenized control 679:842 Here we show that substitution of Thr200 by Ala200 resulted in diminished incorporation of [P32] by 37.4% and of 32 [C14-]UDP-glucose by 24%, respectively, into recombinant Rab7b_200 in comparison to the non-mutagenized control. 27349314 0 2 theme Paramecium 171:180 arg1 octaurelia 182:191 the model eukaryote Paramecium octaurelia 151:191 the model eukaryote Paramecium octaurelia 151:191 Site-directed mutagenesis, in vivo electroporation and mass spectrometry in search for determinants of the subcellular targeting of Rab7b paralogue in the model eukaryote Paramecium octaurelia. 27349314 8 3 from Rab7b 1811:1815 arg1 number 1771:1776 the number 1767:1776 the number of phosphorylated amino acids in Rab7b 1767:1815 Moreover, these proteins differ also in other PTM: the number of phosphorylated amino acids in Rab7b is much higher than in Rab7a. 27349314 8 3 from Rab7b 1811:1815 arg1 higher 1825:1830 higher 1825:1830 higher 1825:1830 Moreover, these proteins differ also in other PTM: the number of phosphorylated amino acids in Rab7b is much higher than in Rab7a. 27349314 1 4 theme genome 260:265 arg1 duplication 267:277 the whole genome duplication 250:277 the whole genome duplication 250:277 Protein products of the paralogous genes resulting from the whole genome duplication may acquire new function. 27349314 2 5 from modifications 336:348 arg1 targeting 366:374 proper targeting 359:374 proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue 359:404 The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue - distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis - was studied using point mutagenesis, proteomic analysis and double immunofluorescence after in vivo electroporation of the mutagenized protein. 27349314 7 6 theme proper 1670:1675 arg1 localization/function 1677:1697 the proper localization/function 1666:1697 the proper localization/function of this protein 1666:1713 These data indicate that PTM of Thr200 located in the hypervariable C-region of Rab7b in Paramecium is crucial for the proper localization/function of this protein. 27349314 5 7 dep identified 1044:1053 arg1 comparing 1174:1182 comparing 1174:1182 comparing the peptide map of this protein with that after deglycosylation with the mixture of five enzymes of different specificity 1174:1304 We identified the peptide ion at m/z=677.63+ characteristic for the glycan group attached to Thr200 in Rab7b using nano LC-MS/MS and comparing the peptide map of this protein with that after deglycosylation with the mixture of five enzymes of different specificity. 27349314 5 7 dep identified 1044:1053 arg1 using 1150:1154 using 1150:1154 using nano LC-MS/MS 1150:1168 We identified the peptide ion at m/z=677.63+ characteristic for the glycan group attached to Thr200 in Rab7b using nano LC-MS/MS and comparing the peptide map of this protein with that after deglycosylation with the mixture of five enzymes of different specificity. 27349314 5 8 theme protein 1208:1214 arg1 map 1196:1198 the peptide map 1184:1198 the peptide map of this protein 1184:1214 We identified the peptide ion at m/z=677.63+ characteristic for the glycan group attached to Thr200 in Rab7b using nano LC-MS/MS and comparing the peptide map of this protein with that after deglycosylation with the mixture of five enzymes of different specificity. 27349314 0 9 theme Site-directed 0:12 arg1 mutagenesis 14:24 Site-directed mutagenesis 0:24 Site-directed mutagenesis 0:24 Site-directed mutagenesis, in vivo electroporation and mass spectrometry in search for determinants of the subcellular targeting of Rab7b paralogue in the model eukaryote Paramecium octaurelia. 27349314 4 10 theme Double 845:850 arg1 imaging 861:867 Double confocal imaging 845:867 Double confocal imaging 845:867 Double confocal imaging revealed that Rab7b_200 was mistargeted upon electroporation into living cells contrary to non- mutagenized recombinant Rab7b correctly incorporated in the cytostome area. 27349314 7 11 from located 1590:1596 arg1 C-region 1619:1626 the hypervariable C-region 1601:1626 the hypervariable C-region of Rab7b 1601:1635 These data indicate that PTM of Thr200 located in the hypervariable C-region of Rab7b in Paramecium is crucial for the proper localization/function of this protein. 27349314 3 12 theme UDP-glucose 738:748 arg1 incorporation 690:702 diminished incorporation 679:702 diminished incorporation of [P32] by 37.4% and of 32 [C14-]UDP-glucose by 24%, respectively, into recombinant Rab7b_200 in comparison to the non-mutagenized control 679:842 Here we show that substitution of Thr200 by Ala200 resulted in diminished incorporation of [P32] by 37.4% and of 32 [C14-]UDP-glucose by 24%, respectively, into recombinant Rab7b_200 in comparison to the non-mutagenized control. 27349314 8 13 theme other 1756:1760 arg1 PTM 1762:1764 other PTM 1756:1764 other PTM 1756:1764 Moreover, these proteins differ also in other PTM: the number of phosphorylated amino acids in Rab7b is much higher than in Rab7a. 27349314 1 14 theme Protein 194:200 arg1 products 202:209 Protein products 194:209 Protein products of the paralogous genes resulting from the whole genome duplication 194:277 Protein products of the paralogous genes resulting from the whole genome duplication may acquire new function. 27349314 6 15 attach attached 1455:1462 arg2 Phos 1499:1502 (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 1483:1504 (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 1483:1504 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 6 15 attach attached 1455:1462 arg1 Thr200 1467:1472 Thr200 1467:1472 Thr200 1467:1472 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 6 15 attach attached 1455:1462 arg2 adduct 1448:1453 the adduct 1444:1453 the adduct attached to Thr200 1444:1472 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 2 16 from targeting 366:374 arg1 role 309:312 The role 305:312 The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue - distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis - 305:470 The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue - distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis - was studied using point mutagenesis, proteomic analysis and double immunofluorescence after in vivo electroporation of the mutagenized protein. 27349314 2 17 theme distinct 408:415 arg1 role 309:312 The role 305:312 The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue - distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis - 305:470 The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue - distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis - was studied using point mutagenesis, proteomic analysis and double immunofluorescence after in vivo electroporation of the mutagenized protein. 27349314 3 18 theme [C14- 732:736 arg1 UDP-glucose 738:748 32 [C14-]UDP-glucose 729:748 32 [C14-]UDP-glucose 729:748 Here we show that substitution of Thr200 by Ala200 resulted in diminished incorporation of [P32] by 37.4% and of 32 [C14-]UDP-glucose by 24%, respectively, into recombinant Rab7b_200 in comparison to the non-mutagenized control. 27349314 6 19 theme ion 1341:1343 arg1 mass 1320:1323 the mass 1316:1323 the mass of this peptide ion 1316:1343 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 6 19 theme ion 1341:1343 arg1 assays 1374:1379 quantitative radioactive assays 1349:1379 quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1 1349:1548 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 0 20 theme Rab7b 132:136 arg1 targeting 119:127 the subcellular targeting 103:127 the subcellular targeting of Rab7b 103:136 Site-directed mutagenesis, in vivo electroporation and mass spectrometry in search for determinants of the subcellular targeting of Rab7b paralogue in the model eukaryote Paramecium octaurelia. 27349314 0 21 theme in 27:28 arg1 electroporation 35:49 in vivo electroporation 27:49 in vivo electroporation 27:49 Site-directed mutagenesis, in vivo electroporation and mass spectrometry in search for determinants of the subcellular targeting of Rab7b paralogue in the model eukaryote Paramecium octaurelia. 27349314 1 22 theme paralogous 218:227 arg1 genes 229:233 the paralogous genes 214:233 the paralogous genes resulting from the whole genome duplication 214:277 Protein products of the paralogous genes resulting from the whole genome duplication may acquire new function. 27349314 2 23 theme mutagenized 595:605 arg1 protein 607:613 the mutagenized protein 591:613 the mutagenized protein 591:613 The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue - distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis - was studied using point mutagenesis, proteomic analysis and double immunofluorescence after in vivo electroporation of the mutagenized protein. 27349314 0 24 from spectrometry 60:71 arg1 search 76:81 search 76:81 search for determinants of the subcellular targeting of Rab7b 76:136 Site-directed mutagenesis, in vivo electroporation and mass spectrometry in search for determinants of the subcellular targeting of Rab7b paralogue in the model eukaryote Paramecium octaurelia. 27349314 8 25 theme phosphorylated 1781:1794 arg1 acids 1802:1806 phosphorylated amino acids 1781:1806 phosphorylated amino acids in Rab7b 1781:1815 Moreover, these proteins differ also in other PTM: the number of phosphorylated amino acids in Rab7b is much higher than in Rab7a. 27349314 5 26 theme peptide 1059:1065 arg1 ion 1067:1069 the peptide ion 1055:1069 the peptide ion at m/z=677.63+ characteristic for the glycan group attached to Thr200 in Rab7b 1055:1148 We identified the peptide ion at m/z=677.63+ characteristic for the glycan group attached to Thr200 in Rab7b using nano LC-MS/MS and comparing the peptide map of this protein with that after deglycosylation with the mixture of five enzymes of different specificity. 27349314 6 27 theme HexNAc 1510:1515 arg1 HexA 1543:1546 [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1 1395:1548 [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1 1395:1548 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 5 28 theme specificity 1294:1304 arg1 enzymes 1273:1279 five enzymes 1268:1279 five enzymes of different specificity 1268:1304 We identified the peptide ion at m/z=677.63+ characteristic for the glycan group attached to Thr200 in Rab7b using nano LC-MS/MS and comparing the peptide map of this protein with that after deglycosylation with the mixture of five enzymes of different specificity. 27349314 3 29 theme recombinant 777:787 arg1 Rab7b_200 789:797 recombinant Rab7b_200 777:797 recombinant Rab7b_200 in comparison to the non-mutagenized control 777:842 Here we show that substitution of Thr200 by Ala200 resulted in diminished incorporation of [P32] by 37.4% and of 32 [C14-]UDP-glucose by 24%, respectively, into recombinant Rab7b_200 in comparison to the non-mutagenized control. 27349314 0 30 theme model 155:159 arg1 octaurelia 182:191 the model eukaryote Paramecium octaurelia 151:191 the model eukaryote Paramecium octaurelia 151:191 Site-directed mutagenesis, in vivo electroporation and mass spectrometry in search for determinants of the subcellular targeting of Rab7b paralogue in the model eukaryote Paramecium octaurelia. 27349314 7 31 theme located 1590:1596 arg1 Thr200 1583:1588 Thr200 1583:1588 Thr200 located in the hypervariable C-region of Rab7b 1583:1635 These data indicate that PTM of Thr200 located in the hypervariable C-region of Rab7b in Paramecium is crucial for the proper localization/function of this protein. 27349314 2 32 from role 309:312 arg1 targeting 366:374 proper targeting 359:374 proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue 359:404 The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue - distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis - was studied using point mutagenesis, proteomic analysis and double immunofluorescence after in vivo electroporation of the mutagenized protein. 27349314 2 33 theme point 490:494 arg1 mutagenesis 496:506 point mutagenesis 490:506 point mutagenesis 490:506 The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue - distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis - was studied using point mutagenesis, proteomic analysis and double immunofluorescence after in vivo electroporation of the mutagenized protein. 27349314 8 34 theme acids 1802:1806 arg1 number 1771:1776 the number 1767:1776 the number of phosphorylated amino acids in Rab7b 1767:1815 Moreover, these proteins differ also in other PTM: the number of phosphorylated amino acids in Rab7b is much higher than in Rab7a. 27349314 8 34 theme acids 1802:1806 arg1 higher 1825:1830 higher 1825:1830 higher 1825:1830 Moreover, these proteins differ also in other PTM: the number of phosphorylated amino acids in Rab7b is much higher than in Rab7a. 27349314 2 35 theme double 532:537 arg1 immunofluorescence 539:556 double immunofluorescence 532:556 double immunofluorescence 532:556 The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue - distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis - was studied using point mutagenesis, proteomic analysis and double immunofluorescence after in vivo electroporation of the mutagenized protein. 27349314 6 36 theme Phos 1535:1538 arg1 HexA 1543:1546 [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1 1395:1548 [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1 1395:1548 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 4 37 theme mutagenized 965:975 arg1 Rab7b 989:993 non- mutagenized recombinant Rab7b 960:993 non- mutagenized recombinant Rab7b correctly incorporated in the cytostome area 960:1038 Double confocal imaging revealed that Rab7b_200 was mistargeted upon electroporation into living cells contrary to non- mutagenized recombinant Rab7b correctly incorporated in the cytostome area. 27349314 3 38 theme non-mutagenized 820:834 arg1 control 836:842 the non-mutagenized control 816:842 the non-mutagenized control 816:842 Here we show that substitution of Thr200 by Ala200 resulted in diminished incorporation of [P32] by 37.4% and of 32 [C14-]UDP-glucose by 24%, respectively, into recombinant Rab7b_200 in comparison to the non-mutagenized control. 27349314 6 39 theme quantitative 1349:1360 arg1 assays 1374:1379 quantitative radioactive assays 1349:1379 quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1 1349:1548 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 2 40 theme Rab7b 390:394 arg1 paralogue 396:404 Paramecium Rab7b paralogue 379:404 Paramecium Rab7b paralogue 379:404 The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue - distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis - was studied using point mutagenesis, proteomic analysis and double immunofluorescence after in vivo electroporation of the mutagenized protein. 27349314 6 41 theme composition 1429:1439 arg1 HexA 1543:1546 [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1 1395:1548 [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1 1395:1548 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 5 42 theme peptide 1188:1194 arg1 map 1196:1198 the peptide map 1184:1198 the peptide map of this protein 1184:1214 We identified the peptide ion at m/z=677.63+ characteristic for the glycan group attached to Thr200 in Rab7b using nano LC-MS/MS and comparing the peptide map of this protein with that after deglycosylation with the mixture of five enzymes of different specificity. 27349314 6 43 theme Deoxyhexose 1520:1530 arg1 HexA 1543:1546 [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1 1395:1548 [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1 1395:1548 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 6 44 theme glucose 1406:1412 arg1 HexA 1543:1546 [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1 1395:1548 [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1 1395:1548 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 1 45 theme genes 229:233 arg1 products 202:209 Protein products 194:209 Protein products of the paralogous genes resulting from the whole genome duplication 194:277 Protein products of the paralogous genes resulting from the whole genome duplication may acquire new function. 27349314 8 46 from number 1771:1776 arg1 Rab7b 1811:1815 Rab7b 1811:1815 Rab7b 1811:1815 Moreover, these proteins differ also in other PTM: the number of phosphorylated amino acids in Rab7b is much higher than in Rab7a. 27349314 3 47 theme diminished 679:688 arg1 incorporation 690:702 diminished incorporation 679:702 diminished incorporation of [P32] by 37.4% and of 32 [C14-]UDP-glucose by 24%, respectively, into recombinant Rab7b_200 in comparison to the non-mutagenized control 679:842 Here we show that substitution of Thr200 by Ala200 resulted in diminished incorporation of [P32] by 37.4% and of 32 [C14-]UDP-glucose by 24%, respectively, into recombinant Rab7b_200 in comparison to the non-mutagenized control. 27349314 6 48 theme UDP- 1401:1404 arg1 glucose 1406:1412 UDP- glucose 1401:1412 UDP- glucose 1401:1412 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 2 49 theme proper 359:364 arg1 targeting 366:374 proper targeting 359:374 proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue 359:404 The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue - distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis - was studied using point mutagenesis, proteomic analysis and double immunofluorescence after in vivo electroporation of the mutagenized protein. 27349314 1 50 theme whole 254:258 arg1 duplication 267:277 the whole genome duplication 250:277 the whole genome duplication 250:277 Protein products of the paralogous genes resulting from the whole genome duplication may acquire new function. 27349314 4 51 theme confocal 852:859 arg1 imaging 861:867 Double confocal imaging 845:867 Double confocal imaging 845:867 Double confocal imaging revealed that Rab7b_200 was mistargeted upon electroporation into living cells contrary to non- mutagenized recombinant Rab7b correctly incorporated in the cytostome area. 27349314 8 52 from acids 1802:1806 arg1 Rab7b 1811:1815 Rab7b 1811:1815 Rab7b 1811:1815 Moreover, these proteins differ also in other PTM: the number of phosphorylated amino acids in Rab7b is much higher than in Rab7a. 27349314 2 53 theme protein 607:613 arg1 electroporation 572:586 in vivo electroporation 564:586 in vivo electroporation of the mutagenized protein 564:613 The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue - distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis - was studied using point mutagenesis, proteomic analysis and double immunofluorescence after in vivo electroporation of the mutagenized protein. 27349314 7 54 from PTM 1576:1578 arg1 Paramecium 1640:1649 Paramecium 1640:1649 Paramecium 1640:1649 These data indicate that PTM of Thr200 located in the hypervariable C-region of Rab7b in Paramecium is crucial for the proper localization/function of this protein. 27349314 2 55 dep in 564:565 arg1 vivo 567:570 vivo 567:570 vivo 567:570 The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue - distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis - was studied using point mutagenesis, proteomic analysis and double immunofluorescence after in vivo electroporation of the mutagenized protein. 27349314 7 56 theme Rab7b 1631:1635 arg1 C-region 1619:1626 the hypervariable C-region 1601:1626 the hypervariable C-region of Rab7b 1601:1635 These data indicate that PTM of Thr200 located in the hypervariable C-region of Rab7b in Paramecium is crucial for the proper localization/function of this protein. 27349314 2 57 theme post-translational 317:334 arg1 PTM 351:353 PTM 351:353 PTM 351:353 The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue - distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis - was studied using point mutagenesis, proteomic analysis and double immunofluorescence after in vivo electroporation of the mutagenized protein. 27349314 2 57 theme post-translational 317:334 arg1 modifications 336:348 post-translational modifications 317:348 post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue 317:404 The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue - distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis - was studied using point mutagenesis, proteomic analysis and double immunofluorescence after in vivo electroporation of the mutagenized protein. 27349314 6 58 theme HexNAc 1490:1495 arg1 Phos 1499:1502 (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 1483:1504 (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 1483:1504 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 6 58 theme HexNAc 1490:1495 arg1 adduct 1448:1453 the adduct 1444:1453 the adduct attached to Thr200 1444:1472 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 2 59 theme in 564:565 arg1 electroporation 572:586 in vivo electroporation 564:586 in vivo electroporation of the mutagenized protein 564:613 The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue - distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis - was studied using point mutagenesis, proteomic analysis and double immunofluorescence after in vivo electroporation of the mutagenized protein. 27349314 6 60 theme peptide 1333:1339 arg1 ion 1341:1343 this peptide ion 1328:1343 this peptide ion 1328:1343 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 6 61 theme Hex 1484:1486 arg1 Phos 1499:1502 (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 1483:1504 (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 1483:1504 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 6 61 theme Hex 1484:1486 arg1 adduct 1448:1453 the adduct 1444:1453 the adduct attached to Thr200 1444:1472 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 4 62 theme living 935:940 arg1 cells 942:946 living cells 935:946 living cells 935:946 Double confocal imaging revealed that Rab7b_200 was mistargeted upon electroporation into living cells contrary to non- mutagenized recombinant Rab7b correctly incorporated in the cytostome area. 27349314 8 63 theme amino 1796:1800 arg1 acids 1802:1806 phosphorylated amino acids 1781:1806 phosphorylated amino acids in Rab7b 1781:1815 Moreover, these proteins differ also in other PTM: the number of phosphorylated amino acids in Rab7b is much higher than in Rab7a. 27349314 5 64 theme glycan 1109:1114 arg1 group 1116:1120 the glycan group 1105:1120 the glycan group attached to Thr200 in Rab7b 1105:1148 We identified the peptide ion at m/z=677.63+ characteristic for the glycan group attached to Thr200 in Rab7b using nano LC-MS/MS and comparing the peptide map of this protein with that after deglycosylation with the mixture of five enzymes of different specificity. 27349314 5 65 theme different 1284:1292 arg1 specificity 1294:1304 different specificity 1284:1304 different specificity 1284:1304 We identified the peptide ion at m/z=677.63+ characteristic for the glycan group attached to Thr200 in Rab7b using nano LC-MS/MS and comparing the peptide map of this protein with that after deglycosylation with the mixture of five enzymes of different specificity. 27349314 0 66 theme eukaryote 161:169 arg1 octaurelia 182:191 the model eukaryote Paramecium octaurelia 151:191 the model eukaryote Paramecium octaurelia 151:191 Site-directed mutagenesis, in vivo electroporation and mass spectrometry in search for determinants of the subcellular targeting of Rab7b paralogue in the model eukaryote Paramecium octaurelia. 27349314 7 67 theme hypervariable 1605:1617 arg1 C-region 1619:1626 the hypervariable C-region 1601:1626 the hypervariable C-region of Rab7b 1601:1635 These data indicate that PTM of Thr200 located in the hypervariable C-region of Rab7b in Paramecium is crucial for the proper localization/function of this protein. 27349314 5 68 theme m/z=677.63+ 1074:1084 arg1 characteristic 1086:1099 m/z=677.63+ characteristic 1074:1099 m/z=677.63+ characteristic 1074:1099 We identified the peptide ion at m/z=677.63+ characteristic for the glycan group attached to Thr200 in Rab7b using nano LC-MS/MS and comparing the peptide map of this protein with that after deglycosylation with the mixture of five enzymes of different specificity. 27349314 4 69 theme recombinant 977:987 arg1 Rab7b 989:993 non- mutagenized recombinant Rab7b 960:993 non- mutagenized recombinant Rab7b correctly incorporated in the cytostome area 960:1038 Double confocal imaging revealed that Rab7b_200 was mistargeted upon electroporation into living cells contrary to non- mutagenized recombinant Rab7b correctly incorporated in the cytostome area. 27349314 6 70 with assays 1374:1379 arg1 HexA 1543:1546 [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1 1395:1548 [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1 1395:1548 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 6 70 with assays 1374:1379 arg1 [P32 1386:1389 [P32 1386:1389 [P32 1386:1389 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 7 71 theme Thr200 1583:1588 arg1 PTM 1576:1578 PTM 1576:1578 PTM of Thr200 located in the hypervariable C-region of Rab7b in Paramecium 1576:1649 These data indicate that PTM of Thr200 located in the hypervariable C-region of Rab7b in Paramecium is crucial for the proper localization/function of this protein. 27349314 0 72 theme targeting 119:127 arg1 determinants 87:98 determinants 87:98 determinants of the subcellular targeting of Rab7b 87:136 Site-directed mutagenesis, in vivo electroporation and mass spectrometry in search for determinants of the subcellular targeting of Rab7b paralogue in the model eukaryote Paramecium octaurelia. 27349314 0 73 from mutagenesis 14:24 arg1 search 76:81 search 76:81 search for determinants of the subcellular targeting of Rab7b 76:136 Site-directed mutagenesis, in vivo electroporation and mass spectrometry in search for determinants of the subcellular targeting of Rab7b paralogue in the model eukaryote Paramecium octaurelia. 27349314 5 74 theme enzymes 1273:1279 arg1 mixture 1257:1263 the mixture 1253:1263 the mixture of five enzymes of different specificity 1253:1304 We identified the peptide ion at m/z=677.63+ characteristic for the glycan group attached to Thr200 in Rab7b using nano LC-MS/MS and comparing the peptide map of this protein with that after deglycosylation with the mixture of five enzymes of different specificity. 27349314 5 75 theme nano 1156:1159 arg1 LC-MS/MS 1161:1168 nano LC-MS/MS 1156:1168 nano LC-MS/MS 1156:1168 We identified the peptide ion at m/z=677.63+ characteristic for the glycan group attached to Thr200 in Rab7b using nano LC-MS/MS and comparing the peptide map of this protein with that after deglycosylation with the mixture of five enzymes of different specificity. 27349314 5 76 from characteristic 1086:1099 arg1 ion 1067:1069 the peptide ion 1055:1069 the peptide ion at m/z=677.63+ characteristic for the glycan group attached to Thr200 in Rab7b 1055:1148 We identified the peptide ion at m/z=677.63+ characteristic for the glycan group attached to Thr200 in Rab7b using nano LC-MS/MS and comparing the peptide map of this protein with that after deglycosylation with the mixture of five enzymes of different specificity. 27349314 4 77 theme non- 960:963 arg1 Rab7b 989:993 non- mutagenized recombinant Rab7b 960:993 non- mutagenized recombinant Rab7b correctly incorporated in the cytostome area 960:1038 Double confocal imaging revealed that Rab7b_200 was mistargeted upon electroporation into living cells contrary to non- mutagenized recombinant Rab7b correctly incorporated in the cytostome area. 27349314 0 78 from electroporation 35:49 arg1 search 76:81 search 76:81 search for determinants of the subcellular targeting of Rab7b 76:136 Site-directed mutagenesis, in vivo electroporation and mass spectrometry in search for determinants of the subcellular targeting of Rab7b paralogue in the model eukaryote Paramecium octaurelia. 27349314 6 79 theme radioactive 1362:1372 arg1 assays 1374:1379 quantitative radioactive assays 1349:1379 quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1 1349:1548 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 2 80 theme Paramecium 379:388 arg1 paralogue 396:404 Paramecium Rab7b paralogue 379:404 Paramecium Rab7b paralogue 379:404 The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue - distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis - was studied using point mutagenesis, proteomic analysis and double immunofluorescence after in vivo electroporation of the mutagenized protein. 27349314 6 81 theme suggested 1419:1427 arg1 composition 1429:1439 the suggested composition 1415:1439 the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 1415:1504 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 1 82 theme new 291:293 arg1 function 295:302 new function 291:302 new function 291:302 Protein products of the paralogous genes resulting from the whole genome duplication may acquire new function. 27349314 6 83 with mass 1320:1323 arg1 HexA 1543:1546 [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1 1395:1548 [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1 1395:1548 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 6 83 with mass 1320:1323 arg1 [P32 1386:1389 [P32 1386:1389 [P32 1386:1389 Based on the mass of this peptide ion and quantitative radioactive assays with [P32]and [C14-]UDP- glucose, the suggested composition of the adduct attached to Thr200 might be (Hex)1(HexNAc)1(Phos)3 or (HexNAc)1 (Deoxyhexose)1 (Phos)1 (HexA)1. 27349314 0 84 theme subcellular 107:117 arg1 targeting 119:127 the subcellular targeting 103:127 the subcellular targeting of Rab7b 103:136 Site-directed mutagenesis, in vivo electroporation and mass spectrometry in search for determinants of the subcellular targeting of Rab7b paralogue in the model eukaryote Paramecium octaurelia. 27349314 3 85 theme Thr200 650:655 arg1 substitution 634:645 substitution 634:645 substitution of Thr200 by Ala200 634:665 Here we show that substitution of Thr200 by Ala200 resulted in diminished incorporation of [P32] by 37.4% and of 32 [C14-]UDP-glucose by 24%, respectively, into recombinant Rab7b_200 in comparison to the non-mutagenized control. 27349314 2 86 theme proteomic 509:517 arg1 analysis 519:526 proteomic analysis 509:526 proteomic analysis 509:526 The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue - distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis - was studied using point mutagenesis, proteomic analysis and double immunofluorescence after in vivo electroporation of the mutagenized protein. 27349314 0 87 theme mass 55:58 arg1 spectrometry 60:71 mass spectrometry 55:71 mass spectrometry 55:71 Site-directed mutagenesis, in vivo electroporation and mass spectrometry in search for determinants of the subcellular targeting of Rab7b paralogue in the model eukaryote Paramecium octaurelia. 27349314 7 88 from C-region 1619:1626 arg1 located 1590:1596 located 1590:1596 located 1590:1596 These data indicate that PTM of Thr200 located in the hypervariable C-region of Rab7b in Paramecium is crucial for the proper localization/function of this protein. 27349314 4 89 theme cytostome 1025:1033 arg1 area 1035:1038 the cytostome area 1021:1038 the cytostome area 1021:1038 Double confocal imaging revealed that Rab7b_200 was mistargeted upon electroporation into living cells contrary to non- mutagenized recombinant Rab7b correctly incorporated in the cytostome area. 27349314 0 90 dep in 27:28 arg1 vivo 30:33 vivo 30:33 vivo 30:33 Site-directed mutagenesis, in vivo electroporation and mass spectrometry in search for determinants of the subcellular targeting of Rab7b paralogue in the model eukaryote Paramecium octaurelia. 27349314 7 91 theme protein 1707:1713 arg1 localization/function 1677:1697 the proper localization/function 1666:1697 the proper localization/function of this protein 1666:1713 These data indicate that PTM of Thr200 located in the hypervariable C-region of Rab7b in Paramecium is crucial for the proper localization/function of this protein. 27349314 3 92 from Rab7b_200 789:797 arg1 comparison 802:811 comparison 802:811 comparison to the non-mutagenized control 802:842 Here we show that substitution of Thr200 by Ala200 resulted in diminished incorporation of [P32] by 37.4% and of 32 [C14-]UDP-glucose by 24%, respectively, into recombinant Rab7b_200 in comparison to the non-mutagenized control. 27349314 2 93 theme modifications 336:348 arg1 role 309:312 The role 305:312 The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue - distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis - 305:470 The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue - distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis - was studied using point mutagenesis, proteomic analysis and double immunofluorescence after in vivo electroporation of the mutagenized protein. 27349314 5 94 attach attached 1122:1129 arg2 group 1116:1120 the glycan group 1105:1120 the glycan group attached to Thr200 in Rab7b 1105:1148 We identified the peptide ion at m/z=677.63+ characteristic for the glycan group attached to Thr200 in Rab7b using nano LC-MS/MS and comparing the peptide map of this protein with that after deglycosylation with the mixture of five enzymes of different specificity. 27349314 5 94 attach attached 1122:1129 arg1 Thr200 1134:1139 Thr200 1134:1139 Thr200 1134:1139 We identified the peptide ion at m/z=677.63+ characteristic for the glycan group attached to Thr200 in Rab7b using nano LC-MS/MS and comparing the peptide map of this protein with that after deglycosylation with the mixture of five enzymes of different specificity. 27349314 2 95 theme paralogue 396:404 arg1 targeting 366:374 proper targeting 359:374 proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue 359:404 The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) in proper targeting of Paramecium Rab7b paralogue - distinct from that of Rab7a directly involved in phagocytosis - was studied using point mutagenesis, proteomic analysis and double immunofluorescence after in vivo electroporation of the mutagenized protein. 27349314 5 96 with deglycosylation 1232:1246 arg1 mixture 1257:1263 the mixture 1253:1263 the mixture of five enzymes of different specificity 1253:1304 We identified the peptide ion at m/z=677.63+ characteristic for the glycan group attached to Thr200 in Rab7b using nano LC-MS/MS and comparing the peptide map of this protein with that after deglycosylation with the mixture of five enzymes of different specificity. 25142335 11 0 theme host-parasite 1406:1418 arg1 interaction 1420:1430 host-parasite interaction 1406:1430 host-parasite interaction 1406:1430 CONCLUSIONS Reduced diversity of genes required for host-parasite interaction and transmembrane transport allow hypotheses on host adaptation and specialization of a single host parasite. 25142335 6 1 theme families 840:847 arg1 emergence 802:810 emergence 802:810 emergence 802:810 Comparative analysis of E. falciformis with Toxoplasma gondii shows an emergence and diversification of gene families associated with motility and invasion mainly at the level of the Coccidia. 25142335 6 1 theme families 840:847 arg1 diversification 816:830 diversification 816:830 diversification 816:830 Comparative analysis of E. falciformis with Toxoplasma gondii shows an emergence and diversification of gene families associated with motility and invasion mainly at the level of the Coccidia. 25142335 4 2 theme organism 611:618 arg1 host 620:623 a model organism host 603:623 a model organism host 603:623 We assembled and annotated the genome sequence to study host-parasite interactions in this understudied genus in a model organism host. 25142335 10 3 theme altered 1304:1310 arg1 mode 1312:1315 an altered mode 1301:1315 an altered mode of iron uptake in the genus Eimeria 1301:1351 E. falciformis possesses a reduced set of transmembrane transporters and we suggest an altered mode of iron uptake in the genus Eimeria. 25142335 6 4 dep emergence 802:810 arg1 an 799:800 an 799:800 an 799:800 Comparative analysis of E. falciformis with Toxoplasma gondii shows an emergence and diversification of gene families associated with motility and invasion mainly at the level of the Coccidia. 25142335 11 5 theme Reduced 1366:1372 arg1 diversity 1374:1382 CONCLUSIONS Reduced diversity 1354:1382 CONCLUSIONS Reduced diversity of genes required for host-parasite interaction and transmembrane transport 1354:1458 CONCLUSIONS Reduced diversity of genes required for host-parasite interaction and transmembrane transport allow hypotheses on host adaptation and specialization of a single host parasite. 25142335 5 6 theme falciformis 651:661 arg1 44 Mb 666:670 44 Mb 666:670 44 Mb in size 666:678 RESULTS The genome of E. falciformis is 44 Mb in size and contains 5,879 predicted protein coding genes. 25142335 5 6 theme falciformis 651:661 arg1 genome 638:643 The genome 634:643 The genome of E. falciformis 634:661 RESULTS The genome of E. falciformis is 44 Mb in size and contains 5,879 predicted protein coding genes. 25142335 9 7 theme GPI-anchor 1195:1204 arg1 synthesis 1206:1214 GPI-anchor synthesis 1195:1214 GPI-anchor synthesis 1195:1214 Comparisons with T. gondii showed differences between genes involved in metabolism, N-glycan and GPI-anchor synthesis. 25142335 5 8 theme coding 717:722 arg1 genes 724:728 5,879 predicted protein coding genes 693:728 5,879 predicted protein coding genes 693:728 RESULTS The genome of E. falciformis is 44 Mb in size and contains 5,879 predicted protein coding genes. 25142335 12 9 theme host-parasite 1660:1672 arg1 interaction 1674:1684 host-parasite interaction 1660:1684 host-parasite interaction critical for drug and vaccine development 1660:1726 The E. falciformis genome sequence sheds light on the evolution of the Coccidia and helps to identify determinants of host-parasite interaction critical for drug and vaccine development. 25142335 10 10 from mode 1312:1315 arg1 Eimeria 1345:1351 the genus Eimeria 1335:1351 the genus Eimeria 1335:1351 E. falciformis possesses a reduced set of transmembrane transporters and we suggest an altered mode of iron uptake in the genus Eimeria. 25142335 7 11 theme E. 1019:1020 arg1 genome 1034:1039 the E. falciformis genome 1015:1039 the E. falciformis genome 1015:1039 Many rhoptry kinases, among them important virulence factors in T. gondii, are absent from the E. falciformis genome. 25142335 9 12 with Comparisons 1098:1108 arg1 T. 1115:1116 T. 1115:1116 T. 1115:1116 Comparisons with T. gondii showed differences between genes involved in metabolism, N-glycan and GPI-anchor synthesis. 25142335 2 13 theme largest 236:242 arg1 Eimeria 221:227 Eimeria 221:227 Eimeria 221:227 Eimeria is the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites and some species of the genus are the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry. 25142335 2 13 theme largest 236:242 arg1 genus 261:265 the largest and most diverse genus 232:265 the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites 232:291 Eimeria is the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites and some species of the genus are the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry. 25142335 10 14 theme transmembrane 1259:1271 arg1 transporters 1273:1284 transmembrane transporters 1259:1284 transmembrane transporters 1259:1284 E. falciformis possesses a reduced set of transmembrane transporters and we suggest an altered mode of iron uptake in the genus Eimeria. 25142335 5 15 theme predicted 699:707 arg1 genes 724:728 5,879 predicted protein coding genes 693:728 5,879 predicted protein coding genes 693:728 RESULTS The genome of E. falciformis is 44 Mb in size and contains 5,879 predicted protein coding genes. 25142335 2 16 theme apicomplexan 270:281 arg1 parasites 283:291 apicomplexan parasites 270:291 apicomplexan parasites 270:291 Eimeria is the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites and some species of the genus are the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry. 25142335 1 17 theme important 148:156 arg1 Plasmodium 209:218 Plasmodium 209:218 Plasmodium 209:218 BACKGROUND The phylum Apicomplexa comprises important unicellular human parasites such as Toxoplasma and Plasmodium. 25142335 1 17 theme important 148:156 arg1 parasites 176:184 important unicellular human parasites 148:184 important unicellular human parasites such as Toxoplasma and Plasmodium 148:218 BACKGROUND The phylum Apicomplexa comprises important unicellular human parasites such as Toxoplasma and Plasmodium. 25142335 1 17 theme important 148:156 arg1 Toxoplasma 194:203 Toxoplasma 194:203 Toxoplasma 194:203 BACKGROUND The phylum Apicomplexa comprises important unicellular human parasites such as Toxoplasma and Plasmodium. 25142335 1 18 dep BACKGROUND 104:113 arg1 comprises 138:146 comprises 138:146 comprises important unicellular human parasites such as Toxoplasma and Plasmodium 138:218 BACKGROUND The phylum Apicomplexa comprises important unicellular human parasites such as Toxoplasma and Plasmodium. 25142335 11 19 theme parasite 1532:1539 arg1 adaptation 1485:1494 host adaptation 1480:1494 host adaptation 1480:1494 CONCLUSIONS Reduced diversity of genes required for host-parasite interaction and transmembrane transport allow hypotheses on host adaptation and specialization of a single host parasite. 25142335 11 19 theme parasite 1532:1539 arg1 specialization 1500:1513 specialization 1500:1513 specialization 1500:1513 CONCLUSIONS Reduced diversity of genes required for host-parasite interaction and transmembrane transport allow hypotheses on host adaptation and specialization of a single host parasite. 25142335 1 20 theme human 170:174 arg1 Plasmodium 209:218 Plasmodium 209:218 Plasmodium 209:218 BACKGROUND The phylum Apicomplexa comprises important unicellular human parasites such as Toxoplasma and Plasmodium. 25142335 1 20 theme human 170:174 arg1 parasites 176:184 important unicellular human parasites 148:184 important unicellular human parasites such as Toxoplasma and Plasmodium 148:218 BACKGROUND The phylum Apicomplexa comprises important unicellular human parasites such as Toxoplasma and Plasmodium. 25142335 1 20 theme human 170:174 arg1 Toxoplasma 194:203 Toxoplasma 194:203 Toxoplasma 194:203 BACKGROUND The phylum Apicomplexa comprises important unicellular human parasites such as Toxoplasma and Plasmodium. 25142335 0 21 theme host 76:79 arg1 parasite 94:101 a single host apicomplexan parasite 67:101 a single host apicomplexan parasite 67:101 The genome of Eimeria falciformis--reduction and specialization in a single host apicomplexan parasite. 25142335 4 22 theme genome 521:526 arg1 sequence 528:535 the genome sequence 517:535 the genome sequence 517:535 We assembled and annotated the genome sequence to study host-parasite interactions in this understudied genus in a model organism host. 25142335 8 23 theme Surface 1042:1048 arg1 antigens 1050:1057 Surface antigens 1042:1057 Surface antigens 1042:1057 Surface antigens are divergent between Eimeria species. 25142335 7 24 theme virulence 967:975 arg1 factors 977:983 important virulence factors 957:983 them important virulence factors in T. gondii 952:996 Many rhoptry kinases, among them important virulence factors in T. gondii, are absent from the E. falciformis genome. 25142335 11 25 theme host 1480:1483 arg1 adaptation 1485:1494 host adaptation 1480:1494 host adaptation 1480:1494 CONCLUSIONS Reduced diversity of genes required for host-parasite interaction and transmembrane transport allow hypotheses on host adaptation and specialization of a single host parasite. 25142335 3 26 theme genome 431:436 arg1 sequence 438:445 a complete genome sequence 420:445 a complete genome sequence of the mouse parasite Eimeria falciformis 420:487 We report a complete genome sequence of the mouse parasite Eimeria falciformis. 25142335 11 27 theme single 1520:1525 arg1 parasite 1532:1539 a single host parasite 1518:1539 a single host parasite 1518:1539 CONCLUSIONS Reduced diversity of genes required for host-parasite interaction and transmembrane transport allow hypotheses on host adaptation and specialization of a single host parasite. 25142335 3 28 theme Eimeria 469:475 arg1 falciformis 477:487 the mouse parasite Eimeria falciformis 450:487 the mouse parasite Eimeria falciformis 450:487 We report a complete genome sequence of the mouse parasite Eimeria falciformis. 25142335 12 29 theme falciformis 1549:1559 arg1 sequence 1568:1575 The E. falciformis genome sequence 1542:1575 The E. falciformis genome sequence 1542:1575 The E. falciformis genome sequence sheds light on the evolution of the Coccidia and helps to identify determinants of host-parasite interaction critical for drug and vaccine development. 25142335 4 30 theme understudied 581:592 arg1 genus 594:598 this understudied genus 576:598 this understudied genus 576:598 We assembled and annotated the genome sequence to study host-parasite interactions in this understudied genus in a model organism host. 25142335 10 31 theme uptake 1325:1330 arg1 mode 1312:1315 an altered mode 1301:1315 an altered mode of iron uptake in the genus Eimeria 1301:1351 E. falciformis possesses a reduced set of transmembrane transporters and we suggest an altered mode of iron uptake in the genus Eimeria. 25142335 3 32 theme mouse 454:458 arg1 falciformis 477:487 the mouse parasite Eimeria falciformis 450:487 the mouse parasite Eimeria falciformis 450:487 We report a complete genome sequence of the mouse parasite Eimeria falciformis. 25142335 0 33 theme falciformis--reduction 22:43 arg1 genome 4:9 The genome 0:9 The genome of Eimeria falciformis--reduction and specialization in a single host apicomplexan parasite. 0:102 The genome of Eimeria falciformis--reduction and specialization in a single host apicomplexan parasite. 25142335 6 34 theme Toxoplasma 775:784 arg1 gondii 786:791 Toxoplasma gondii 775:791 Toxoplasma gondii 775:791 Comparative analysis of E. falciformis with Toxoplasma gondii shows an emergence and diversification of gene families associated with motility and invasion mainly at the level of the Coccidia. 25142335 2 35 theme coccidiosis 350:360 arg1 species 302:308 some species 297:308 some species of the genus 297:321 Eimeria is the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites and some species of the genus are the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry. 25142335 2 35 theme coccidiosis 350:360 arg1 Eimeria 221:227 Eimeria 221:227 Eimeria 221:227 Eimeria is the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites and some species of the genus are the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry. 25142335 2 35 theme coccidiosis 350:360 arg1 agent 341:345 the causative agent 327:345 the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry 327:407 Eimeria is the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites and some species of the genus are the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry. 25142335 2 35 theme coccidiosis 350:360 arg1 genus 261:265 the largest and most diverse genus 232:265 the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites 232:291 Eimeria is the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites and some species of the genus are the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry. 25142335 0 36 theme specialization 49:62 arg1 genome 4:9 The genome 0:9 The genome of Eimeria falciformis--reduction and specialization in a single host apicomplexan parasite. 0:102 The genome of Eimeria falciformis--reduction and specialization in a single host apicomplexan parasite. 25142335 5 37 dep RESULTS 626:632 arg1 44 Mb 666:670 44 Mb 666:670 44 Mb in size 666:678 RESULTS The genome of E. falciformis is 44 Mb in size and contains 5,879 predicted protein coding genes. 25142335 5 37 dep RESULTS 626:632 arg1 genome 638:643 The genome 634:643 The genome of E. falciformis 634:661 RESULTS The genome of E. falciformis is 44 Mb in size and contains 5,879 predicted protein coding genes. 25142335 5 37 dep RESULTS 626:632 arg1 contains 684:691 contains 684:691 contains 5,879 predicted protein coding genes 684:728 RESULTS The genome of E. falciformis is 44 Mb in size and contains 5,879 predicted protein coding genes. 25142335 4 38 theme host-parasite 546:558 arg1 interactions 560:571 host-parasite interactions 546:571 host-parasite interactions in this understudied genus 546:598 We assembled and annotated the genome sequence to study host-parasite interactions in this understudied genus in a model organism host. 25142335 6 39 theme falciformis 758:768 arg1 analysis 743:750 Comparative analysis 731:750 Comparative analysis of E. falciformis with Toxoplasma gondii 731:791 Comparative analysis of E. falciformis with Toxoplasma gondii shows an emergence and diversification of gene families associated with motility and invasion mainly at the level of the Coccidia. 25142335 7 40 theme Many 924:927 arg1 kinases 937:943 Many rhoptry kinases 924:943 Many rhoptry kinases 924:943 Many rhoptry kinases, among them important virulence factors in T. gondii, are absent from the E. falciformis genome. 25142335 6 41 theme Comparative 731:741 arg1 analysis 743:750 Comparative analysis 731:750 Comparative analysis of E. falciformis with Toxoplasma gondii 731:791 Comparative analysis of E. falciformis with Toxoplasma gondii shows an emergence and diversification of gene families associated with motility and invasion mainly at the level of the Coccidia. 25142335 10 42 theme reduced 1244:1250 arg1 set 1252:1254 a reduced set 1242:1254 a reduced set of transmembrane transporters 1242:1284 E. falciformis possesses a reduced set of transmembrane transporters and we suggest an altered mode of iron uptake in the genus Eimeria. 25142335 10 42 theme reduced 1244:1250 arg1 transporters 1273:1284 transmembrane transporters 1259:1284 transmembrane transporters 1259:1284 E. falciformis possesses a reduced set of transmembrane transporters and we suggest an altered mode of iron uptake in the genus Eimeria. 25142335 6 43 with analysis 743:750 arg1 gondii 786:791 Toxoplasma gondii 775:791 Toxoplasma gondii 775:791 Comparative analysis of E. falciformis with Toxoplasma gondii shows an emergence and diversification of gene families associated with motility and invasion mainly at the level of the Coccidia. 25142335 6 44 theme gene 835:838 arg1 families 840:847 gene families 835:847 gene families associated with motility and invasion 835:885 Comparative analysis of E. falciformis with Toxoplasma gondii shows an emergence and diversification of gene families associated with motility and invasion mainly at the level of the Coccidia. 25142335 6 45 theme Coccidia 914:921 arg1 level 901:905 the level 897:905 the level of the Coccidia 897:921 Comparative analysis of E. falciformis with Toxoplasma gondii shows an emergence and diversification of gene families associated with motility and invasion mainly at the level of the Coccidia. 25142335 4 46 theme model 605:609 arg1 host 620:623 a model organism host 603:623 a model organism host 603:623 We assembled and annotated the genome sequence to study host-parasite interactions in this understudied genus in a model organism host. 25142335 11 47 theme transmembrane 1436:1448 arg1 transport 1450:1458 transmembrane transport 1436:1458 transmembrane transport 1436:1458 CONCLUSIONS Reduced diversity of genes required for host-parasite interaction and transmembrane transport allow hypotheses on host adaptation and specialization of a single host parasite. 25142335 11 48 theme CONCLUSIONS 1354:1364 arg1 diversity 1374:1382 CONCLUSIONS Reduced diversity 1354:1382 CONCLUSIONS Reduced diversity of genes required for host-parasite interaction and transmembrane transport 1354:1458 CONCLUSIONS Reduced diversity of genes required for host-parasite interaction and transmembrane transport allow hypotheses on host adaptation and specialization of a single host parasite. 25142335 10 49 contain possesses 1232:1240 arg2 set 1252:1254 a reduced set 1242:1254 a reduced set of transmembrane transporters 1242:1284 E. falciformis possesses a reduced set of transmembrane transporters and we suggest an altered mode of iron uptake in the genus Eimeria. 25142335 10 49 contain possesses 1232:1240 arg2 transporters 1273:1284 transmembrane transporters 1259:1284 transmembrane transporters 1259:1284 E. falciformis possesses a reduced set of transmembrane transporters and we suggest an altered mode of iron uptake in the genus Eimeria. 25142335 10 49 contain possesses 1232:1240 arg1 falciformis 1220:1230 E. falciformis 1217:1230 E. falciformis 1217:1230 E. falciformis possesses a reduced set of transmembrane transporters and we suggest an altered mode of iron uptake in the genus Eimeria. 25142335 5 50 theme protein 709:715 arg1 genes 724:728 5,879 predicted protein coding genes 693:728 5,879 predicted protein coding genes 693:728 RESULTS The genome of E. falciformis is 44 Mb in size and contains 5,879 predicted protein coding genes. 25142335 2 51 theme genus 317:321 arg1 species 302:308 some species 297:308 some species of the genus 297:321 Eimeria is the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites and some species of the genus are the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry. 25142335 2 51 theme genus 317:321 arg1 agent 341:345 the causative agent 327:345 the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry 327:407 Eimeria is the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites and some species of the genus are the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry. 25142335 12 52 theme interaction 1674:1684 arg1 determinants 1644:1655 determinants 1644:1655 determinants of host-parasite interaction critical for drug and vaccine development 1644:1726 The E. falciformis genome sequence sheds light on the evolution of the Coccidia and helps to identify determinants of host-parasite interaction critical for drug and vaccine development. 25142335 11 53 theme genes 1387:1391 arg1 diversity 1374:1382 CONCLUSIONS Reduced diversity 1354:1382 CONCLUSIONS Reduced diversity of genes required for host-parasite interaction and transmembrane transport 1354:1458 CONCLUSIONS Reduced diversity of genes required for host-parasite interaction and transmembrane transport allow hypotheses on host adaptation and specialization of a single host parasite. 25142335 2 54 theme diverse 253:259 arg1 Eimeria 221:227 Eimeria 221:227 Eimeria 221:227 Eimeria is the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites and some species of the genus are the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry. 25142335 2 54 theme diverse 253:259 arg1 genus 261:265 the largest and most diverse genus 232:265 the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites 232:291 Eimeria is the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites and some species of the genus are the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry. 25142335 11 55 from hypotheses 1466:1475 arg1 adaptation 1485:1494 host adaptation 1480:1494 host adaptation 1480:1494 CONCLUSIONS Reduced diversity of genes required for host-parasite interaction and transmembrane transport allow hypotheses on host adaptation and specialization of a single host parasite. 25142335 11 55 from hypotheses 1466:1475 arg1 specialization 1500:1513 specialization 1500:1513 specialization 1500:1513 CONCLUSIONS Reduced diversity of genes required for host-parasite interaction and transmembrane transport allow hypotheses on host adaptation and specialization of a single host parasite. 25142335 7 56 theme falciformis 1022:1032 arg1 genome 1034:1039 the E. falciformis genome 1015:1039 the E. falciformis genome 1015:1039 Many rhoptry kinases, among them important virulence factors in T. gondii, are absent from the E. falciformis genome. 25142335 1 57 theme phylum 119:124 arg1 Apicomplexa 126:136 The phylum Apicomplexa 115:136 The phylum Apicomplexa 115:136 BACKGROUND The phylum Apicomplexa comprises important unicellular human parasites such as Toxoplasma and Plasmodium. 25142335 10 58 theme transporters 1273:1284 arg1 set 1252:1254 a reduced set 1242:1254 a reduced set of transmembrane transporters 1242:1284 E. falciformis possesses a reduced set of transmembrane transporters and we suggest an altered mode of iron uptake in the genus Eimeria. 25142335 10 58 theme transporters 1273:1284 arg1 transporters 1273:1284 transmembrane transporters 1259:1284 transmembrane transporters 1259:1284 E. falciformis possesses a reduced set of transmembrane transporters and we suggest an altered mode of iron uptake in the genus Eimeria. 25142335 2 59 theme parasites 283:291 arg1 species 302:308 some species 297:308 some species of the genus 297:321 Eimeria is the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites and some species of the genus are the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry. 25142335 2 59 theme parasites 283:291 arg1 Eimeria 221:227 Eimeria 221:227 Eimeria 221:227 Eimeria is the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites and some species of the genus are the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry. 25142335 2 59 theme parasites 283:291 arg1 agent 341:345 the causative agent 327:345 the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry 327:407 Eimeria is the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites and some species of the genus are the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry. 25142335 2 59 theme parasites 283:291 arg1 genus 261:265 the largest and most diverse genus 232:265 the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites 232:291 Eimeria is the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites and some species of the genus are the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry. 25142335 11 60 theme host 1527:1530 arg1 parasite 1532:1539 a single host parasite 1518:1539 a single host parasite 1518:1539 CONCLUSIONS Reduced diversity of genes required for host-parasite interaction and transmembrane transport allow hypotheses on host adaptation and specialization of a single host parasite. 25142335 0 61 theme single 69:74 arg1 parasite 94:101 a single host apicomplexan parasite 67:101 a single host apicomplexan parasite 67:101 The genome of Eimeria falciformis--reduction and specialization in a single host apicomplexan parasite. 25142335 1 62 theme unicellular 158:168 arg1 Plasmodium 209:218 Plasmodium 209:218 Plasmodium 209:218 BACKGROUND The phylum Apicomplexa comprises important unicellular human parasites such as Toxoplasma and Plasmodium. 25142335 1 62 theme unicellular 158:168 arg1 parasites 176:184 important unicellular human parasites 148:184 important unicellular human parasites such as Toxoplasma and Plasmodium 148:218 BACKGROUND The phylum Apicomplexa comprises important unicellular human parasites such as Toxoplasma and Plasmodium. 25142335 1 62 theme unicellular 158:168 arg1 Toxoplasma 194:203 Toxoplasma 194:203 Toxoplasma 194:203 BACKGROUND The phylum Apicomplexa comprises important unicellular human parasites such as Toxoplasma and Plasmodium. 25142335 12 63 theme Coccidia 1613:1620 arg1 evolution 1596:1604 the evolution 1592:1604 the evolution of the Coccidia 1592:1620 The E. falciformis genome sequence sheds light on the evolution of the Coccidia and helps to identify determinants of host-parasite interaction critical for drug and vaccine development. 25142335 7 64 from factors 977:983 arg1 T. 988:989 T. 988:989 T. 988:989 Many rhoptry kinases, among them important virulence factors in T. gondii, are absent from the E. falciformis genome. 25142335 0 65 theme apicomplexan 81:92 arg1 parasite 94:101 a single host apicomplexan parasite 67:101 a single host apicomplexan parasite 67:101 The genome of Eimeria falciformis--reduction and specialization in a single host apicomplexan parasite. 25142335 0 66 from genome 4:9 arg1 parasite 94:101 a single host apicomplexan parasite 67:101 a single host apicomplexan parasite 67:101 The genome of Eimeria falciformis--reduction and specialization in a single host apicomplexan parasite. 25142335 7 67 dep them 952:955 arg1 factors 977:983 important virulence factors 957:983 them important virulence factors in T. gondii 952:996 Many rhoptry kinases, among them important virulence factors in T. gondii, are absent from the E. falciformis genome. 25142335 10 68 theme iron 1320:1323 arg1 uptake 1325:1330 iron uptake 1320:1330 iron uptake 1320:1330 E. falciformis possesses a reduced set of transmembrane transporters and we suggest an altered mode of iron uptake in the genus Eimeria. 25142335 12 69 theme vaccine 1708:1714 arg1 development 1716:1726 drug and vaccine development 1699:1726 development 1716:1726 The E. falciformis genome sequence sheds light on the evolution of the Coccidia and helps to identify determinants of host-parasite interaction critical for drug and vaccine development. 25142335 8 70 theme Eimeria 1081:1087 arg1 species 1089:1095 Eimeria species 1081:1095 Eimeria species 1081:1095 Surface antigens are divergent between Eimeria species. 25142335 7 71 theme important 957:965 arg1 factors 977:983 important virulence factors 957:983 them important virulence factors in T. gondii 952:996 Many rhoptry kinases, among them important virulence factors in T. gondii, are absent from the E. falciformis genome. 25142335 10 72 theme genus 1339:1343 arg1 Eimeria 1345:1351 the genus Eimeria 1335:1351 the genus Eimeria 1335:1351 E. falciformis possesses a reduced set of transmembrane transporters and we suggest an altered mode of iron uptake in the genus Eimeria. 25142335 2 73 theme devastating 386:396 arg1 coccidiosis 350:360 coccidiosis 350:360 coccidiosis 350:360 Eimeria is the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites and some species of the genus are the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry. 25142335 2 73 theme devastating 386:396 arg1 disease 365:371 a disease 363:371 a disease economically devastating in poultry 363:407 Eimeria is the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites and some species of the genus are the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry. 25142335 0 74 theme Eimeria 14:20 arg1 falciformis--reduction 22:43 Eimeria falciformis--reduction 14:43 Eimeria falciformis--reduction 14:43 The genome of Eimeria falciformis--reduction and specialization in a single host apicomplexan parasite. 25142335 12 75 theme critical 1686:1693 arg1 interaction 1674:1684 host-parasite interaction 1660:1684 host-parasite interaction critical for drug and vaccine development 1660:1726 The E. falciformis genome sequence sheds light on the evolution of the Coccidia and helps to identify determinants of host-parasite interaction critical for drug and vaccine development. 25142335 3 76 theme falciformis 477:487 arg1 sequence 438:445 a complete genome sequence 420:445 a complete genome sequence of the mouse parasite Eimeria falciformis 420:487 We report a complete genome sequence of the mouse parasite Eimeria falciformis. 25142335 4 77 from interactions 560:571 arg1 genus 594:598 this understudied genus 576:598 this understudied genus 576:598 We assembled and annotated the genome sequence to study host-parasite interactions in this understudied genus in a model organism host. 25142335 12 78 theme E. 1546:1547 arg1 sequence 1568:1575 The E. falciformis genome sequence 1542:1575 The E. falciformis genome sequence 1542:1575 The E. falciformis genome sequence sheds light on the evolution of the Coccidia and helps to identify determinants of host-parasite interaction critical for drug and vaccine development. 25142335 12 79 theme drug 1699:1702 arg1 development 1716:1726 drug and vaccine development 1699:1726 development 1716:1726 The E. falciformis genome sequence sheds light on the evolution of the Coccidia and helps to identify determinants of host-parasite interaction critical for drug and vaccine development. 25142335 3 80 theme complete 422:429 arg1 sequence 438:445 a complete genome sequence 420:445 a complete genome sequence of the mouse parasite Eimeria falciformis 420:487 We report a complete genome sequence of the mouse parasite Eimeria falciformis. 25142335 3 81 theme parasite 460:467 arg1 falciformis 477:487 the mouse parasite Eimeria falciformis 450:487 the mouse parasite Eimeria falciformis 450:487 We report a complete genome sequence of the mouse parasite Eimeria falciformis. 25142335 12 82 theme genome 1561:1566 arg1 sequence 1568:1575 The E. falciformis genome sequence 1542:1575 The E. falciformis genome sequence 1542:1575 The E. falciformis genome sequence sheds light on the evolution of the Coccidia and helps to identify determinants of host-parasite interaction critical for drug and vaccine development. 25142335 2 83 from devastating 386:396 arg1 poultry 401:407 poultry 401:407 poultry 401:407 Eimeria is the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites and some species of the genus are the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry. 25142335 5 84 contain contains 684:691 arg1 44 Mb 666:670 44 Mb 666:670 44 Mb in size 666:678 RESULTS The genome of E. falciformis is 44 Mb in size and contains 5,879 predicted protein coding genes. 25142335 5 84 contain contains 684:691 arg1 genome 638:643 The genome 634:643 The genome of E. falciformis 634:661 RESULTS The genome of E. falciformis is 44 Mb in size and contains 5,879 predicted protein coding genes. 25142335 5 84 contain contains 684:691 arg2 genes 724:728 5,879 predicted protein coding genes 693:728 5,879 predicted protein coding genes 693:728 RESULTS The genome of E. falciformis is 44 Mb in size and contains 5,879 predicted protein coding genes. 25142335 7 85 theme rhoptry 929:935 arg1 kinases 937:943 Many rhoptry kinases 924:943 Many rhoptry kinases 924:943 Many rhoptry kinases, among them important virulence factors in T. gondii, are absent from the E. falciformis genome. 25142335 5 86 from 44 Mb 666:670 arg1 size 675:678 size 675:678 size 675:678 RESULTS The genome of E. falciformis is 44 Mb in size and contains 5,879 predicted protein coding genes. 25142335 2 87 from poultry 401:407 arg1 devastating 386:396 devastating 386:396 devastating 386:396 Eimeria is the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites and some species of the genus are the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry. 25142335 7 88 from genome 1034:1039 arg1 absent 1003:1008 absent 1003:1008 absent 1003:1008 Many rhoptry kinases, among them important virulence factors in T. gondii, are absent from the E. falciformis genome. 25142335 2 89 theme causative 331:339 arg1 species 302:308 some species 297:308 some species of the genus 297:321 Eimeria is the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites and some species of the genus are the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry. 25142335 2 89 theme causative 331:339 arg1 agent 341:345 the causative agent 327:345 the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry 327:407 Eimeria is the largest and most diverse genus of apicomplexan parasites and some species of the genus are the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease economically devastating in poultry. 26003537 10 0 from activities 2009:2018 arg1 structure 1938:1946 the N-linked glycan structure 1918:1946 the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities 1918:2018 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities. 26003537 9 1 theme high-mannose-type 1778:1794 arg1 glycans 1796:1802 The high-mannose-type glycans 1774:1802 The high-mannose-type glycans in intact MAL 1774:1816 CONCLUSION The high-mannose-type glycans in intact MAL are closely associated with its lectin activities. 26003537 2 2 theme N-linked 348:355 arg1 structure 364:372 its N-linked glycan structure 344:372 its N-linked glycan structure 344:372 However, its N-linked glycan structure and role have yet to be determined. 26003537 5 3 theme fluorescence 754:765 arg1 microscopy 767:776 fluorescence microscopy 754:776 fluorescence microscopy 754:776 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analysis, and fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis were conducted to assess the sialoglycoprotein-binding ability and its usefulness in the detection of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, respectively. 26003537 10 4 theme first 1902:1906 arg1 report 1908:1913 the first report 1898:1913 the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities 1898:2018 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities. 26003537 10 4 theme first 1902:1906 arg1 SIGNIFICANCE 1877:1888 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE 1869:1888 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This 1869:1893 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities. 26003537 5 5 theme surface 714:720 arg1 resonance 730:738 surface plasmon resonance 714:738 surface plasmon resonance analysis 714:747 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analysis, and fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis were conducted to assess the sialoglycoprotein-binding ability and its usefulness in the detection of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, respectively. 26003537 6 6 theme glycan 1009:1014 arg1 structure 1016:1024 the N-linked glycan structure 996:1024 the N-linked glycan structure of MAL 996:1031 RESULTS Analysis of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL confirmed the presence of eight glycans, comprising two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic-type and six high-mannose-type glycans. 26003537 5 7 theme resonance 730:738 arg1 analysis 740:747 surface plasmon resonance analysis 714:747 surface plasmon resonance analysis 714:747 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analysis, and fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis were conducted to assess the sialoglycoprotein-binding ability and its usefulness in the detection of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, respectively. 26003537 10 8 theme N-linked 1922:1929 arg1 structure 1938:1946 the N-linked glycan structure 1918:1946 the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities 1918:2018 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities. 26003537 1 9 theme sialic 202:207 arg1 lectin 222:227 a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin 183:227 lectin 222:227 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 9 10 dep CONCLUSION 1763:1772 arg1 associated 1830:1839 associated 1830:1839 are closely associated with its lectin activities 1818:1866 CONCLUSION The high-mannose-type glycans in intact MAL are closely associated with its lectin activities. 26003537 3 11 with chromatography 483:496 arg1 spectrometry 567:578 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 503:578 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 503:578 METHODS The N-linked glycans were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the secondary structure was investigated using circular dichroism analysis. 26003537 3 12 theme circular 632:639 arg1 dichroism 641:649 circular dichroism 632:649 circular dichroism analysis 632:658 METHODS The N-linked glycans were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the secondary structure was investigated using circular dichroism analysis. 26003537 9 13 theme lectin 1850:1855 arg1 activities 1857:1866 its lectin activities 1846:1866 its lectin activities 1846:1866 CONCLUSION The high-mannose-type glycans in intact MAL are closely associated with its lectin activities. 26003537 7 14 theme peptide 1212:1218 arg1 de-M-MAL 1237:1244 de-M-MAL 1237:1244 de-M-MAL 1237:1244 Glycan analysis of MAL that had been treated with peptide N-glycosidase F (de-M-MAL) revealed that while the two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic glycans remained attached following the treatment, the six high-mannose-type glycans had been completely cleaved from the original MAL. 26003537 7 14 theme peptide 1212:1218 arg1 F 1234:1234 peptide N-glycosidase F 1212:1234 peptide N-glycosidase F (de-M-MAL) 1212:1245 Glycan analysis of MAL that had been treated with peptide N-glycosidase F (de-M-MAL) revealed that while the two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic glycans remained attached following the treatment, the six high-mannose-type glycans had been completely cleaved from the original MAL. 26003537 5 15 theme MCF-7 949:953 arg1 cells 955:959 human breast cancer MCF-7 cells 929:959 human breast cancer MCF-7 cells 929:959 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analysis, and fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis were conducted to assess the sialoglycoprotein-binding ability and its usefulness in the detection of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, respectively. 26003537 10 16 theme structure 1938:1946 arg1 report 1908:1913 the first report 1898:1913 the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities 1898:2018 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities. 26003537 10 16 theme structure 1938:1946 arg1 SIGNIFICANCE 1877:1888 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE 1869:1888 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This 1869:1893 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities. 26003537 7 17 theme Glycan 1162:1167 arg1 analysis 1169:1176 Glycan analysis 1162:1176 Glycan analysis of MAL that had been treated with peptide N-glycosidase F (de-M-MAL) 1162:1245 Glycan analysis of MAL that had been treated with peptide N-glycosidase F (de-M-MAL) revealed that while the two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic glycans remained attached following the treatment, the six high-mannose-type glycans had been completely cleaved from the original MAL. 26003537 1 18 theme Maackia 140:146 arg1 MAL 175:177 MAL 175:177 MAL 175:177 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 1 18 theme Maackia 140:146 arg1 leukoagglutinin 158:172 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin 129:172 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) 129:178 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 1 18 theme Maackia 140:146 arg1 glycoprotein 185:196 a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin 183:227 glycoprotein 185:196 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 9 19 from glycans 1796:1802 arg1 MAL 1814:1816 intact MAL 1807:1816 intact MAL 1807:1816 CONCLUSION The high-mannose-type glycans in intact MAL are closely associated with its lectin activities. 26003537 7 20 theme paucimannosidic 1292:1306 arg1 glycans 1308:1314 the two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic glycans 1267:1314 the two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic glycans 1267:1314 Glycan analysis of MAL that had been treated with peptide N-glycosidase F (de-M-MAL) revealed that while the two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic glycans remained attached following the treatment, the six high-mannose-type glycans had been completely cleaved from the original MAL. 26003537 8 21 theme structural 1475:1484 arg1 changes 1486:1492 almost no secondary structural changes 1455:1492 almost no secondary structural changes 1455:1492 There were almost no secondary structural changes between MAL and de-M-MAL; however, the lectin activities exhibited by MAL, such as hemagglutination and binding to a sialoglycoprotein, were completely absent in de-M-MAL, and the ability to detect human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was 77% lower in de-M-MAL than in MAL. 26003537 5 22 theme cell-sorting 805:816 arg1 analysis 818:825 fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis 782:825 fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis 782:825 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analysis, and fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis were conducted to assess the sialoglycoprotein-binding ability and its usefulness in the detection of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, respectively. 26003537 0 23 theme selective 11:19 arg1 cleavage 21:28 selective cleavage 11:28 selective cleavage of high-mannose-type glycans of Maackia amurensis 11:78 Effects of selective cleavage of high-mannose-type glycans of Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin on sialic acid-binding activity. 26003537 0 24 theme sialic 99:104 arg1 activity 119:126 sialic acid-binding activity 99:126 sialic acid-binding activity 99:126 Effects of selective cleavage of high-mannose-type glycans of Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin on sialic acid-binding activity. 26003537 3 25 dep METHODS 410:416 arg1 glycans 431:437 The N-linked glycans 418:437 METHODS The N-linked glycans 410:437 METHODS The N-linked glycans were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the secondary structure was investigated using circular dichroism analysis. 26003537 8 26 theme lectin 1533:1538 arg1 absent 1646:1651 absent 1646:1651 absent 1646:1651 There were almost no secondary structural changes between MAL and de-M-MAL; however, the lectin activities exhibited by MAL, such as hemagglutination and binding to a sialoglycoprotein, were completely absent in de-M-MAL, and the ability to detect human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was 77% lower in de-M-MAL than in MAL. 26003537 8 26 theme lectin 1533:1538 arg1 binding 1598:1604 binding 1598:1604 binding to a sialoglycoprotein 1598:1627 There were almost no secondary structural changes between MAL and de-M-MAL; however, the lectin activities exhibited by MAL, such as hemagglutination and binding to a sialoglycoprotein, were completely absent in de-M-MAL, and the ability to detect human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was 77% lower in de-M-MAL than in MAL. 26003537 8 26 theme lectin 1533:1538 arg1 activities 1540:1549 the lectin activities 1529:1549 the lectin activities 1529:1549 There were almost no secondary structural changes between MAL and de-M-MAL; however, the lectin activities exhibited by MAL, such as hemagglutination and binding to a sialoglycoprotein, were completely absent in de-M-MAL, and the ability to detect human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was 77% lower in de-M-MAL than in MAL. 26003537 8 26 theme lectin 1533:1538 arg1 hemagglutination 1577:1592 hemagglutination 1577:1592 hemagglutination 1577:1592 There were almost no secondary structural changes between MAL and de-M-MAL; however, the lectin activities exhibited by MAL, such as hemagglutination and binding to a sialoglycoprotein, were completely absent in de-M-MAL, and the ability to detect human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was 77% lower in de-M-MAL than in MAL. 26003537 5 27 theme cancer 942:947 arg1 cells 955:959 human breast cancer MCF-7 cells 929:959 human breast cancer MCF-7 cells 929:959 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analysis, and fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis were conducted to assess the sialoglycoprotein-binding ability and its usefulness in the detection of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, respectively. 26003537 1 28 theme sialoglycoconjugates 290:309 arg1 characterization 270:285 characterization 270:285 characterization 270:285 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 1 28 theme sialoglycoconjugates 290:309 arg1 detection 256:264 detection 256:264 detection 256:264 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 10 29 from effect 1963:1968 arg1 activities 2009:2018 lectin activities 2002:2018 lectin activities 2002:2018 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities. 26003537 8 30 theme breast 1698:1703 arg1 cells 1718:1722 human breast cancer MCF-7 cells 1692:1722 human breast cancer MCF-7 cells 1692:1722 There were almost no secondary structural changes between MAL and de-M-MAL; however, the lectin activities exhibited by MAL, such as hemagglutination and binding to a sialoglycoprotein, were completely absent in de-M-MAL, and the ability to detect human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was 77% lower in de-M-MAL than in MAL. 26003537 8 31 from de-M-MAL 1656:1663 arg1 activities 1540:1549 the lectin activities 1529:1549 the lectin activities 1529:1549 There were almost no secondary structural changes between MAL and de-M-MAL; however, the lectin activities exhibited by MAL, such as hemagglutination and binding to a sialoglycoprotein, were completely absent in de-M-MAL, and the ability to detect human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was 77% lower in de-M-MAL than in MAL. 26003537 8 31 from de-M-MAL 1656:1663 arg1 binding 1598:1604 binding 1598:1604 binding to a sialoglycoprotein 1598:1627 There were almost no secondary structural changes between MAL and de-M-MAL; however, the lectin activities exhibited by MAL, such as hemagglutination and binding to a sialoglycoprotein, were completely absent in de-M-MAL, and the ability to detect human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was 77% lower in de-M-MAL than in MAL. 26003537 8 31 from de-M-MAL 1656:1663 arg1 absent 1646:1651 absent 1646:1651 absent 1646:1651 There were almost no secondary structural changes between MAL and de-M-MAL; however, the lectin activities exhibited by MAL, such as hemagglutination and binding to a sialoglycoprotein, were completely absent in de-M-MAL, and the ability to detect human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was 77% lower in de-M-MAL than in MAL. 26003537 8 31 from de-M-MAL 1656:1663 arg1 hemagglutination 1577:1592 hemagglutination 1577:1592 hemagglutination 1577:1592 There were almost no secondary structural changes between MAL and de-M-MAL; however, the lectin activities exhibited by MAL, such as hemagglutination and binding to a sialoglycoprotein, were completely absent in de-M-MAL, and the ability to detect human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was 77% lower in de-M-MAL than in MAL. 26003537 1 32 theme human 315:319 arg1 cells 328:332 human cancer cells 315:332 human cancer cells 315:332 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 6 33 theme N-linked 1000:1007 arg1 structure 1016:1024 the N-linked glycan structure 996:1024 the N-linked glycan structure of MAL 996:1031 RESULTS Analysis of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL confirmed the presence of eight glycans, comprising two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic-type and six high-mannose-type glycans. 26003537 3 34 theme N-linked 422:429 arg1 glycans 431:437 The N-linked glycans 418:437 METHODS The N-linked glycans 410:437 METHODS The N-linked glycans were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the secondary structure was investigated using circular dichroism analysis. 26003537 8 35 theme MCF-7 1712:1716 arg1 cells 1718:1722 human breast cancer MCF-7 cells 1692:1722 human breast cancer MCF-7 cells 1692:1722 There were almost no secondary structural changes between MAL and de-M-MAL; however, the lectin activities exhibited by MAL, such as hemagglutination and binding to a sialoglycoprotein, were completely absent in de-M-MAL, and the ability to detect human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was 77% lower in de-M-MAL than in MAL. 26003537 10 36 theme lectin 2002:2007 arg1 activities 2009:2018 lectin activities 2002:2018 lectin activities 2002:2018 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities. 26003537 3 37 theme liquid 476:481 arg1 chromatography 483:496 high-performance liquid chromatography 459:496 high-performance liquid chromatography with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 459:578 METHODS The N-linked glycans were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the secondary structure was investigated using circular dichroism analysis. 26003537 1 38 theme cells 328:332 arg1 characterization 270:285 characterization 270:285 characterization 270:285 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 1 38 theme cells 328:332 arg1 detection 256:264 detection 256:264 detection 256:264 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 10 39 theme glycans 1991:1997 arg1 MAL 1951:1953 MAL 1951:1953 MAL 1951:1953 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities. 26003537 10 39 theme glycans 1991:1997 arg1 effect 1963:1968 the effect 1959:1968 the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities 1959:2018 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities. 26003537 5 40 theme human 929:933 arg1 cells 955:959 human breast cancer MCF-7 cells 929:959 human breast cancer MCF-7 cells 929:959 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analysis, and fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis were conducted to assess the sialoglycoprotein-binding ability and its usefulness in the detection of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, respectively. 26003537 6 41 link N-linked 1000:1007 arg1 structure 1016:1024 the N-linked glycan structure 996:1024 the N-linked glycan structure of MAL 996:1031 RESULTS Analysis of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL confirmed the presence of eight glycans, comprising two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic-type and six high-mannose-type glycans. 26003537 5 42 theme cells 955:959 arg1 detection 916:924 the detection 912:924 the detection of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells 912:959 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analysis, and fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis were conducted to assess the sialoglycoprotein-binding ability and its usefulness in the detection of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, respectively. 26003537 7 43 theme original 1430:1437 arg1 MAL 1439:1441 the original MAL 1426:1441 the original MAL 1426:1441 Glycan analysis of MAL that had been treated with peptide N-glycosidase F (de-M-MAL) revealed that while the two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic glycans remained attached following the treatment, the six high-mannose-type glycans had been completely cleaved from the original MAL. 26003537 1 44 gly glycoprotein 185:196 arg1 leukoagglutinin 158:172 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin 129:172 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) 129:178 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 1 44 gly glycoprotein 185:196 arg1 glycoprotein 185:196 a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin 183:227 glycoprotein 185:196 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 10 45 theme GENERAL 1869:1875 arg1 report 1908:1913 the first report 1898:1913 the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities 1898:2018 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities. 26003537 10 45 theme GENERAL 1869:1875 arg1 SIGNIFICANCE 1877:1888 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE 1869:1888 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This 1869:1893 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities. 26003537 3 46 theme dichroism 641:649 arg1 analysis 651:658 circular dichroism analysis 632:658 circular dichroism analysis 632:658 METHODS The N-linked glycans were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the secondary structure was investigated using circular dichroism analysis. 26003537 6 47 theme MAL 1029:1031 arg1 structure 1016:1024 the N-linked glycan structure 996:1024 the N-linked glycan structure of MAL 996:1031 RESULTS Analysis of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL confirmed the presence of eight glycans, comprising two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic-type and six high-mannose-type glycans. 26003537 9 48 theme intact 1807:1812 arg1 MAL 1814:1816 intact MAL 1807:1816 intact MAL 1807:1816 CONCLUSION The high-mannose-type glycans in intact MAL are closely associated with its lectin activities. 26003537 4 49 theme hemagglutination 663:678 arg1 assay 680:684 A hemagglutination assay 661:684 A hemagglutination assay 661:684 A hemagglutination assay was performed. 26003537 3 50 theme secondary 589:597 arg1 structure 599:607 the secondary structure 585:607 the secondary structure 585:607 METHODS The N-linked glycans were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the secondary structure was investigated using circular dichroism analysis. 26003537 0 51 theme glycans 51:57 arg1 cleavage 21:28 selective cleavage 11:28 selective cleavage of high-mannose-type glycans of Maackia amurensis 11:78 Effects of selective cleavage of high-mannose-type glycans of Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin on sialic acid-binding activity. 26003537 6 52 theme structure 1016:1024 arg1 Analysis 984:991 Analysis 984:991 Analysis of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL 984:1031 RESULTS Analysis of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL confirmed the presence of eight glycans, comprising two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic-type and six high-mannose-type glycans. 26003537 5 53 theme plasmon 722:728 arg1 resonance 730:738 surface plasmon resonance 714:738 surface plasmon resonance analysis 714:747 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analysis, and fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis were conducted to assess the sialoglycoprotein-binding ability and its usefulness in the detection of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, respectively. 26003537 10 54 theme glycan 1931:1936 arg1 structure 1938:1946 the N-linked glycan structure 1918:1946 the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities 1918:2018 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities. 26003537 8 55 gly sialoglycoprotein 1611:1627 arg1 sialoglycoprotein 1611:1627 a sialoglycoprotein 1609:1627 a sialoglycoprotein 1609:1627 There were almost no secondary structural changes between MAL and de-M-MAL; however, the lectin activities exhibited by MAL, such as hemagglutination and binding to a sialoglycoprotein, were completely absent in de-M-MAL, and the ability to detect human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was 77% lower in de-M-MAL than in MAL. 26003537 7 56 theme N-glycosidase 1220:1232 arg1 de-M-MAL 1237:1244 de-M-MAL 1237:1244 de-M-MAL 1237:1244 Glycan analysis of MAL that had been treated with peptide N-glycosidase F (de-M-MAL) revealed that while the two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic glycans remained attached following the treatment, the six high-mannose-type glycans had been completely cleaved from the original MAL. 26003537 7 56 theme N-glycosidase 1220:1232 arg1 F 1234:1234 peptide N-glycosidase F 1212:1234 peptide N-glycosidase F (de-M-MAL) 1212:1245 Glycan analysis of MAL that had been treated with peptide N-glycosidase F (de-M-MAL) revealed that while the two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic glycans remained attached following the treatment, the six high-mannose-type glycans had been completely cleaved from the original MAL. 26003537 1 57 theme acid-binding 209:220 arg1 lectin 222:227 a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin 183:227 lectin 222:227 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 2 58 theme glycan 357:362 arg1 structure 364:372 its N-linked glycan structure 344:372 its N-linked glycan structure 344:372 However, its N-linked glycan structure and role have yet to be determined. 26003537 7 59 theme high-mannose-type 1367:1383 arg1 glycans 1385:1391 the six high-mannose-type glycans 1359:1391 the six high-mannose-type glycans 1359:1391 Glycan analysis of MAL that had been treated with peptide N-glycosidase F (de-M-MAL) revealed that while the two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic glycans remained attached following the treatment, the six high-mannose-type glycans had been completely cleaved from the original MAL. 26003537 3 60 link N-linked 422:429 arg1 glycans 431:437 The N-linked glycans 418:437 METHODS The N-linked glycans 410:437 METHODS The N-linked glycans were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the secondary structure was investigated using circular dichroism analysis. 26003537 7 61 theme MAL 1181:1183 arg1 analysis 1169:1176 Glycan analysis 1162:1176 Glycan analysis of MAL that had been treated with peptide N-glycosidase F (de-M-MAL) 1162:1245 Glycan analysis of MAL that had been treated with peptide N-glycosidase F (de-M-MAL) revealed that while the two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic glycans remained attached following the treatment, the six high-mannose-type glycans had been completely cleaved from the original MAL. 26003537 1 62 theme BACKGROUND 129:138 arg1 MAL 175:177 MAL 175:177 MAL 175:177 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 1 62 theme BACKGROUND 129:138 arg1 leukoagglutinin 158:172 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin 129:172 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) 129:178 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 1 62 theme BACKGROUND 129:138 arg1 glycoprotein 185:196 a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin 183:227 glycoprotein 185:196 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 6 63 theme glycans 1065:1071 arg1 presence 1047:1054 the presence 1043:1054 the presence 1043:1054 RESULTS Analysis of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL confirmed the presence of eight glycans, comprising two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic-type and six high-mannose-type glycans. 26003537 10 64 link N-linked 1922:1929 arg1 structure 1938:1946 the N-linked glycan structure 1918:1946 the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities 1918:2018 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities. 26003537 5 65 theme fluorescence-activated 782:803 arg1 analysis 818:825 fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis 782:825 fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis 782:825 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analysis, and fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis were conducted to assess the sialoglycoprotein-binding ability and its usefulness in the detection of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, respectively. 26003537 10 66 theme high-mannose-type 1973:1989 arg1 glycans 1991:1997 high-mannose-type glycans 1973:1997 high-mannose-type glycans 1973:1997 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities. 26003537 1 67 theme amurensis 148:156 arg1 MAL 175:177 MAL 175:177 MAL 175:177 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 1 67 theme amurensis 148:156 arg1 leukoagglutinin 158:172 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin 129:172 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) 129:178 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 1 67 theme amurensis 148:156 arg1 glycoprotein 185:196 a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin 183:227 glycoprotein 185:196 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 1 68 dep detection 256:264 arg1 the 252:254 the 252:254 the 252:254 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 8 69 theme secondary 1465:1473 arg1 changes 1486:1492 almost no secondary structural changes 1455:1492 almost no secondary structural changes 1455:1492 There were almost no secondary structural changes between MAL and de-M-MAL; however, the lectin activities exhibited by MAL, such as hemagglutination and binding to a sialoglycoprotein, were completely absent in de-M-MAL, and the ability to detect human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was 77% lower in de-M-MAL than in MAL. 26003537 3 70 theme laser 519:523 arg1 spectrometry 567:578 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 503:578 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 503:578 METHODS The N-linked glycans were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the secondary structure was investigated using circular dichroism analysis. 26003537 0 71 theme amurensis 70:78 arg1 glycans 51:57 high-mannose-type glycans 33:57 high-mannose-type glycans of Maackia amurensis 33:78 Effects of selective cleavage of high-mannose-type glycans of Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin on sialic acid-binding activity. 26003537 10 72 theme effect 1963:1968 arg1 structure 1938:1946 the N-linked glycan structure 1918:1946 the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities 1918:2018 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities. 26003537 8 73 from absent 1646:1651 arg1 de-M-MAL 1656:1663 de-M-MAL 1656:1663 de-M-MAL 1656:1663 There were almost no secondary structural changes between MAL and de-M-MAL; however, the lectin activities exhibited by MAL, such as hemagglutination and binding to a sialoglycoprotein, were completely absent in de-M-MAL, and the ability to detect human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was 77% lower in de-M-MAL than in MAL. 26003537 0 74 theme acid-binding 106:117 arg1 activity 119:126 sialic acid-binding activity 99:126 sialic acid-binding activity 99:126 Effects of selective cleavage of high-mannose-type glycans of Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin on sialic acid-binding activity. 26003537 6 75 theme high-mannose-type 1135:1151 arg1 glycans 1153:1159 six high-mannose-type glycans 1131:1159 six high-mannose-type glycans 1131:1159 RESULTS Analysis of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL confirmed the presence of eight glycans, comprising two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic-type and six high-mannose-type glycans. 26003537 5 76 theme sialoglycoprotein-binding 856:880 arg1 ability 882:888 the sialoglycoprotein-binding ability 852:888 the sialoglycoprotein-binding ability 852:888 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analysis, and fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis were conducted to assess the sialoglycoprotein-binding ability and its usefulness in the detection of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, respectively. 26003537 10 77 from structure 1938:1946 arg1 activities 2009:2018 lectin activities 2002:2018 lectin activities 2002:2018 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities. 26003537 8 78 theme human 1692:1696 arg1 cells 1718:1722 human breast cancer MCF-7 cells 1692:1722 human breast cancer MCF-7 cells 1692:1722 There were almost no secondary structural changes between MAL and de-M-MAL; however, the lectin activities exhibited by MAL, such as hemagglutination and binding to a sialoglycoprotein, were completely absent in de-M-MAL, and the ability to detect human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was 77% lower in de-M-MAL than in MAL. 26003537 10 79 dep SIGNIFICANCE 1877:1888 arg1 This 1890:1893 This 1890:1893 This 1890:1893 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities. 26003537 3 80 theme high-performance 459:474 arg1 chromatography 483:496 high-performance liquid chromatography 459:496 high-performance liquid chromatography with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 459:578 METHODS The N-linked glycans were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the secondary structure was investigated using circular dichroism analysis. 26003537 5 81 theme breast 935:940 arg1 cells 955:959 human breast cancer MCF-7 cells 929:959 human breast cancer MCF-7 cells 929:959 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analysis, and fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis were conducted to assess the sialoglycoprotein-binding ability and its usefulness in the detection of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, respectively. 26003537 10 82 from MAL 1951:1953 arg1 activities 2009:2018 lectin activities 2002:2018 lectin activities 2002:2018 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities. 26003537 8 83 theme cancer 1705:1710 arg1 cells 1718:1722 human breast cancer MCF-7 cells 1692:1722 human breast cancer MCF-7 cells 1692:1722 There were almost no secondary structural changes between MAL and de-M-MAL; however, the lectin activities exhibited by MAL, such as hemagglutination and binding to a sialoglycoprotein, were completely absent in de-M-MAL, and the ability to detect human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was 77% lower in de-M-MAL than in MAL. 26003537 0 84 theme cleavage 21:28 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of selective cleavage of high-mannose-type glycans of Maackia amurensis 0:78 Effects of selective cleavage of high-mannose-type glycans of Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin on sialic acid-binding activity. 26003537 6 85 dep RESULTS 976:982 arg1 confirmed 1033:1041 confirmed 1033:1041 confirmed the presence of eight glycans, comprising two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic-type and six high-mannose-type glycans 1033:1159 RESULTS Analysis of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL confirmed the presence of eight glycans, comprising two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic-type and six high-mannose-type glycans. 26003537 3 86 theme matrix-assisted 503:517 arg1 spectrometry 567:578 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 503:578 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 503:578 METHODS The N-linked glycans were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the secondary structure was investigated using circular dichroism analysis. 26003537 0 87 theme high-mannose-type 33:49 arg1 glycans 51:57 high-mannose-type glycans 33:57 high-mannose-type glycans of Maackia amurensis 33:78 Effects of selective cleavage of high-mannose-type glycans of Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin on sialic acid-binding activity. 26003537 1 88 theme cancer 321:326 arg1 cells 328:332 human cancer cells 315:332 human cancer cells 315:332 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 7 89 theme α1,3-fucosylated 1275:1290 arg1 glycans 1308:1314 the two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic glycans 1267:1314 the two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic glycans 1267:1314 Glycan analysis of MAL that had been treated with peptide N-glycosidase F (de-M-MAL) revealed that while the two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic glycans remained attached following the treatment, the six high-mannose-type glycans had been completely cleaved from the original MAL. 26003537 7 90 gly α1,3-fucosylated 1275:1290 arg1 glycans 1308:1314 the two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic glycans 1267:1314 the two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic glycans 1267:1314 Glycan analysis of MAL that had been treated with peptide N-glycosidase F (de-M-MAL) revealed that while the two α1,3-fucosylated paucimannosidic glycans remained attached following the treatment, the six high-mannose-type glycans had been completely cleaved from the original MAL. 26003537 3 91 theme mass 562:565 arg1 spectrometry 567:578 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 503:578 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 503:578 METHODS The N-linked glycans were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the secondary structure was investigated using circular dichroism analysis. 26003537 10 92 theme MAL 1951:1953 arg1 structure 1938:1946 the N-linked glycan structure 1918:1946 the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities 1918:2018 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of the N-linked glycan structure of MAL and the effect of high-mannose-type glycans on lectin activities. 26003537 3 93 theme desorption/ionization 525:545 arg1 spectrometry 567:578 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 503:578 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 503:578 METHODS The N-linked glycans were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the secondary structure was investigated using circular dichroism analysis. 26003537 1 94 used used 237:240 arg2 lectin 222:227 a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin 183:227 lectin 222:227 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 1 94 used used 237:240 arg2 leukoagglutinin 158:172 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin 129:172 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) 129:178 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 1 94 used used 237:240 arg2 glycoprotein 185:196 a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin 183:227 glycoprotein 185:196 BACKGROUND Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL) is a glycoprotein and sialic acid-binding lectin that is used widely in the detection and characterization of sialoglycoconjugates and human cancer cells. 26003537 2 95 link N-linked 348:355 arg1 structure 364:372 its N-linked glycan structure 344:372 its N-linked glycan structure 344:372 However, its N-linked glycan structure and role have yet to be determined. 26359303 7 0 theme tgrC1 973:977 arg1 deletion 979:986 tgrC1 deletion 973:986 tgrC1 deletion 973:986 We show that alteration in N-linked glycosylation, caused by an alg9 mutation with a plasmid insertion (alg9(ins)) or tunicamycin treatment, can partially suppress the developmental phenotypes caused by tgrC1 deletion or replacement with an incompatible allele. 26359303 7 1 dep insertion 863:871 arg1 alg9 874:877 alg9 874:877 alg9(ins) 874:882 We show that alteration in N-linked glycosylation, caused by an alg9 mutation with a plasmid insertion (alg9(ins)) or tunicamycin treatment, can partially suppress the developmental phenotypes caused by tgrC1 deletion or replacement with an incompatible allele. 26359303 7 1 dep insertion 863:871 arg1 ins 879:881 ins 879:881 ins 879:881 We show that alteration in N-linked glycosylation, caused by an alg9 mutation with a plasmid insertion (alg9(ins)) or tunicamycin treatment, can partially suppress the developmental phenotypes caused by tgrC1 deletion or replacement with an incompatible allele. 26359303 6 2 theme mannosyl 696:703 arg1 transferase 705:715 a putative mannosyl transferase 685:715 a putative mannosyl transferase that participates in N-linked protein glycosylation 685:767 The mutated gene alg9 encodes a putative mannosyl transferase that participates in N-linked protein glycosylation. 26359303 6 2 theme mannosyl 696:703 arg1 alg9 672:675 The mutated gene alg9 655:675 The mutated gene alg9 655:675 The mutated gene alg9 encodes a putative mannosyl transferase that participates in N-linked protein glycosylation. 26359303 9 3 theme altered 1163:1169 arg1 glycosylation 1180:1192 altered N-linked glycosylation 1163:1192 altered N-linked glycosylation 1163:1192 Despite its effect on development, we found that altered N-linked glycosylation had no discernable effect on TgrB1-TgrC1-mediated allorecognition. 26359303 2 4 theme adhesion 241:248 arg1 TgrC1 270:274 TgrC1 270:274 TgrC1 270:274 In Dictyostelium, two immunoglobulin-like adhesion proteins, TgrB1 and TgrC1, are essential components with dual roles in morphogenesis and allorecognition during development. 26359303 2 4 theme adhesion 241:248 arg1 components 291:300 essential components 281:300 essential components with dual roles in morphogenesis and allorecognition during development 281:372 In Dictyostelium, two immunoglobulin-like adhesion proteins, TgrB1 and TgrC1, are essential components with dual roles in morphogenesis and allorecognition during development. 26359303 2 4 theme adhesion 241:248 arg1 TgrB1 260:264 TgrB1 260:264 TgrB1 260:264 In Dictyostelium, two immunoglobulin-like adhesion proteins, TgrB1 and TgrC1, are essential components with dual roles in morphogenesis and allorecognition during development. 26359303 2 4 theme adhesion 241:248 arg1 proteins 250:257 two immunoglobulin-like adhesion proteins 217:257 two immunoglobulin-like adhesion proteins 217:257 In Dictyostelium, two immunoglobulin-like adhesion proteins, TgrB1 and TgrC1, are essential components with dual roles in morphogenesis and allorecognition during development. 26359303 7 5 link N-linked 797:804 arg1 glycosylation 806:818 N-linked glycosylation 797:818 N-linked glycosylation 797:818 We show that alteration in N-linked glycosylation, caused by an alg9 mutation with a plasmid insertion (alg9(ins)) or tunicamycin treatment, can partially suppress the developmental phenotypes caused by tgrC1 deletion or replacement with an incompatible allele. 26359303 6 6 theme putative 687:694 arg1 transferase 705:715 a putative mannosyl transferase 685:715 a putative mannosyl transferase that participates in N-linked protein glycosylation 685:767 The mutated gene alg9 encodes a putative mannosyl transferase that participates in N-linked protein glycosylation. 26359303 6 6 theme putative 687:694 arg1 alg9 672:675 The mutated gene alg9 655:675 The mutated gene alg9 655:675 The mutated gene alg9 encodes a putative mannosyl transferase that participates in N-linked protein glycosylation. 26359303 10 7 theme N-linked 1283:1290 arg1 glycosylation 1300:1312 N-linked protein glycosylation 1283:1312 N-linked protein glycosylation 1283:1312 Our results show that N-linked protein glycosylation can modulate developmental processes without disturbing cell-cell recognition, suggesting that tgrB1 and tgrC1 have distinct effects in the two processes. 26359303 3 8 theme heterophilic 398:409 arg1 complex 420:426 a heterophilic adhesion complex 396:426 a heterophilic adhesion complex 396:426 TgrB1 and TgrC1 form a heterophilic adhesion complex during cell contact and mediate intercellular communication. 26359303 8 9 theme stalk-cell 1097:1106 arg1 fate 1108:1111 a stalk-cell fate 1095:1111 a stalk-cell fate 1095:1111 The alg9(ins) mutation also preferentially primed cells toward a stalk-cell fate. 26359303 8 10 theme alg9 1036:1039 arg1 mutation 1046:1053 The alg9(ins) mutation 1032:1053 The alg9(ins) mutation 1032:1053 The alg9(ins) mutation also preferentially primed cells toward a stalk-cell fate. 26359303 9 11 theme TgrB1-TgrC1-mediated 1223:1242 arg1 allorecognition 1244:1258 TgrB1-TgrC1-mediated allorecognition 1223:1258 TgrB1-TgrC1-mediated allorecognition 1223:1258 Despite its effect on development, we found that altered N-linked glycosylation had no discernable effect on TgrB1-TgrC1-mediated allorecognition. 26359303 7 12 theme N-linked 797:804 arg1 glycosylation 806:818 N-linked glycosylation 797:818 N-linked glycosylation 797:818 We show that alteration in N-linked glycosylation, caused by an alg9 mutation with a plasmid insertion (alg9(ins)) or tunicamycin treatment, can partially suppress the developmental phenotypes caused by tgrC1 deletion or replacement with an incompatible allele. 26359303 3 13 theme adhesion 411:418 arg1 complex 420:426 a heterophilic adhesion complex 396:426 a heterophilic adhesion complex 396:426 TgrB1 and TgrC1 form a heterophilic adhesion complex during cell contact and mediate intercellular communication. 26359303 7 14 theme incompatible 1011:1022 arg1 allele 1024:1029 an incompatible allele 1008:1029 an incompatible allele 1008:1029 We show that alteration in N-linked glycosylation, caused by an alg9 mutation with a plasmid insertion (alg9(ins)) or tunicamycin treatment, can partially suppress the developmental phenotypes caused by tgrC1 deletion or replacement with an incompatible allele. 26359303 7 15 from alteration 783:792 arg1 glycosylation 806:818 N-linked glycosylation 797:818 N-linked glycosylation 797:818 We show that alteration in N-linked glycosylation, caused by an alg9 mutation with a plasmid insertion (alg9(ins)) or tunicamycin treatment, can partially suppress the developmental phenotypes caused by tgrC1 deletion or replacement with an incompatible allele. 26359303 8 16 theme ins 1041:1043 arg1 mutation 1046:1053 The alg9(ins) mutation 1032:1053 The alg9(ins) mutation 1032:1053 The alg9(ins) mutation also preferentially primed cells toward a stalk-cell fate. 26359303 0 17 theme TgrC1-mediated 45:58 arg1 development 60:70 TgrC1-mediated development 45:70 TgrC1-mediated development 45:70 Altered N-glycosylation modulates TgrB1- and TgrC1-mediated development but not allorecognition in Dictyostelium. 26359303 5 18 theme developmental 633:645 arg1 arrest 647:652 the tgrB-tgrC1-defective developmental arrest 608:652 the tgrB-tgrC1-defective developmental arrest 608:652 Here, we report on a mutation that suppresses the tgrB-tgrC1-defective developmental arrest. 26359303 2 19 theme dual 307:310 arg1 roles 312:316 dual roles 307:316 dual roles in morphogenesis and allorecognition during development 307:372 In Dictyostelium, two immunoglobulin-like adhesion proteins, TgrB1 and TgrC1, are essential components with dual roles in morphogenesis and allorecognition during development. 26359303 10 20 theme developmental 1327:1339 arg1 processes 1341:1349 developmental processes 1327:1349 developmental processes 1327:1349 Our results show that N-linked protein glycosylation can modulate developmental processes without disturbing cell-cell recognition, suggesting that tgrB1 and tgrC1 have distinct effects in the two processes. 26359303 3 21 theme cell 435:438 arg1 contact 440:446 cell contact 435:446 cell contact 435:446 TgrB1 and TgrC1 form a heterophilic adhesion complex during cell contact and mediate intercellular communication. 26359303 7 22 with deletion 979:986 arg1 allele 1024:1029 an incompatible allele 1008:1029 an incompatible allele 1008:1029 We show that alteration in N-linked glycosylation, caused by an alg9 mutation with a plasmid insertion (alg9(ins)) or tunicamycin treatment, can partially suppress the developmental phenotypes caused by tgrC1 deletion or replacement with an incompatible allele. 26359303 10 23 contain have 1425:1428 arg1 tgrC1 1419:1423 tgrC1 1419:1423 tgrC1 1419:1423 Our results show that N-linked protein glycosylation can modulate developmental processes without disturbing cell-cell recognition, suggesting that tgrB1 and tgrC1 have distinct effects in the two processes. 26359303 10 23 contain have 1425:1428 arg2 effects 1439:1445 distinct effects 1430:1445 distinct effects 1430:1445 Our results show that N-linked protein glycosylation can modulate developmental processes without disturbing cell-cell recognition, suggesting that tgrB1 and tgrC1 have distinct effects in the two processes. 26359303 10 23 contain have 1425:1428 arg1 tgrB1 1409:1413 tgrB1 1409:1413 tgrB1 1409:1413 Our results show that N-linked protein glycosylation can modulate developmental processes without disturbing cell-cell recognition, suggesting that tgrB1 and tgrC1 have distinct effects in the two processes. 26359303 0 24 theme Altered 0:6 arg1 N-glycosylation 8:22 Altered N-glycosylation 0:22 Altered N-glycosylation 0:22 Altered N-glycosylation modulates TgrB1- and TgrC1-mediated development but not allorecognition in Dictyostelium. 26359303 2 25 theme immunoglobulin-like 221:239 arg1 TgrC1 270:274 TgrC1 270:274 TgrC1 270:274 In Dictyostelium, two immunoglobulin-like adhesion proteins, TgrB1 and TgrC1, are essential components with dual roles in morphogenesis and allorecognition during development. 26359303 2 25 theme immunoglobulin-like 221:239 arg1 components 291:300 essential components 281:300 essential components with dual roles in morphogenesis and allorecognition during development 281:372 In Dictyostelium, two immunoglobulin-like adhesion proteins, TgrB1 and TgrC1, are essential components with dual roles in morphogenesis and allorecognition during development. 26359303 2 25 theme immunoglobulin-like 221:239 arg1 TgrB1 260:264 TgrB1 260:264 TgrB1 260:264 In Dictyostelium, two immunoglobulin-like adhesion proteins, TgrB1 and TgrC1, are essential components with dual roles in morphogenesis and allorecognition during development. 26359303 2 25 theme immunoglobulin-like 221:239 arg1 proteins 250:257 two immunoglobulin-like adhesion proteins 217:257 two immunoglobulin-like adhesion proteins 217:257 In Dictyostelium, two immunoglobulin-like adhesion proteins, TgrB1 and TgrC1, are essential components with dual roles in morphogenesis and allorecognition during development. 26359303 1 26 theme Cell 114:117 arg1 receptors 136:144 Cell surface adhesion receptors 114:144 Cell surface adhesion receptors 114:144 Cell surface adhesion receptors play diverse functions in multicellular development. 26359303 6 27 theme protein 747:753 arg1 glycosylation 755:767 N-linked protein glycosylation 738:767 N-linked protein glycosylation 738:767 The mutated gene alg9 encodes a putative mannosyl transferase that participates in N-linked protein glycosylation. 26359303 6 28 theme gene 667:670 arg1 transferase 705:715 a putative mannosyl transferase 685:715 a putative mannosyl transferase that participates in N-linked protein glycosylation 685:767 The mutated gene alg9 encodes a putative mannosyl transferase that participates in N-linked protein glycosylation. 26359303 6 28 theme gene 667:670 arg1 alg9 672:675 The mutated gene alg9 655:675 The mutated gene alg9 655:675 The mutated gene alg9 encodes a putative mannosyl transferase that participates in N-linked protein glycosylation. 26359303 7 29 with replacement 991:1001 arg1 allele 1024:1029 an incompatible allele 1008:1029 an incompatible allele 1008:1029 We show that alteration in N-linked glycosylation, caused by an alg9 mutation with a plasmid insertion (alg9(ins)) or tunicamycin treatment, can partially suppress the developmental phenotypes caused by tgrC1 deletion or replacement with an incompatible allele. 26359303 1 30 theme surface 119:125 arg1 receptors 136:144 Cell surface adhesion receptors 114:144 Cell surface adhesion receptors 114:144 Cell surface adhesion receptors play diverse functions in multicellular development. 26359303 7 31 theme tunicamycin 888:898 arg1 treatment 900:908 tunicamycin treatment 888:908 tunicamycin treatment 888:908 We show that alteration in N-linked glycosylation, caused by an alg9 mutation with a plasmid insertion (alg9(ins)) or tunicamycin treatment, can partially suppress the developmental phenotypes caused by tgrC1 deletion or replacement with an incompatible allele. 26359303 6 32 theme mutated 659:665 arg1 transferase 705:715 a putative mannosyl transferase 685:715 a putative mannosyl transferase that participates in N-linked protein glycosylation 685:767 The mutated gene alg9 encodes a putative mannosyl transferase that participates in N-linked protein glycosylation. 26359303 6 32 theme mutated 659:665 arg1 alg9 672:675 The mutated gene alg9 655:675 The mutated gene alg9 655:675 The mutated gene alg9 encodes a putative mannosyl transferase that participates in N-linked protein glycosylation. 26359303 1 33 theme adhesion 127:134 arg1 receptors 136:144 Cell surface adhesion receptors 114:144 Cell surface adhesion receptors 114:144 Cell surface adhesion receptors play diverse functions in multicellular development. 26359303 3 34 theme intercellular 460:472 arg1 communication 474:486 intercellular communication 460:486 intercellular communication 460:486 TgrB1 and TgrC1 form a heterophilic adhesion complex during cell contact and mediate intercellular communication. 26359303 6 35 link N-linked 738:745 arg1 glycosylation 755:767 N-linked protein glycosylation 738:767 N-linked protein glycosylation 738:767 The mutated gene alg9 encodes a putative mannosyl transferase that participates in N-linked protein glycosylation. 26359303 2 36 from components 291:300 arg1 Dictyostelium 202:214 Dictyostelium 202:214 Dictyostelium 202:214 In Dictyostelium, two immunoglobulin-like adhesion proteins, TgrB1 and TgrC1, are essential components with dual roles in morphogenesis and allorecognition during development. 26359303 6 37 theme N-linked 738:745 arg1 glycosylation 755:767 N-linked protein glycosylation 738:767 N-linked protein glycosylation 738:767 The mutated gene alg9 encodes a putative mannosyl transferase that participates in N-linked protein glycosylation. 26359303 7 38 theme plasmid 855:861 arg1 insertion 863:871 a plasmid insertion 853:871 a plasmid insertion (alg9(ins)) 853:883 We show that alteration in N-linked glycosylation, caused by an alg9 mutation with a plasmid insertion (alg9(ins)) or tunicamycin treatment, can partially suppress the developmental phenotypes caused by tgrC1 deletion or replacement with an incompatible allele. 26359303 9 39 theme N-linked 1171:1178 arg1 glycosylation 1180:1192 altered N-linked glycosylation 1163:1192 altered N-linked glycosylation 1163:1192 Despite its effect on development, we found that altered N-linked glycosylation had no discernable effect on TgrB1-TgrC1-mediated allorecognition. 26359303 9 40 contain had 1194:1196 arg2 effect 1213:1218 no discernable effect 1198:1218 no discernable effect 1198:1218 Despite its effect on development, we found that altered N-linked glycosylation had no discernable effect on TgrB1-TgrC1-mediated allorecognition. 26359303 9 40 contain had 1194:1196 arg1 glycosylation 1180:1192 altered N-linked glycosylation 1163:1192 altered N-linked glycosylation 1163:1192 Despite its effect on development, we found that altered N-linked glycosylation had no discernable effect on TgrB1-TgrC1-mediated allorecognition. 26359303 9 41 link N-linked 1171:1178 arg1 glycosylation 1180:1192 altered N-linked glycosylation 1163:1192 altered N-linked glycosylation 1163:1192 Despite its effect on development, we found that altered N-linked glycosylation had no discernable effect on TgrB1-TgrC1-mediated allorecognition. 26359303 2 42 from roles 312:316 arg1 allorecognition 339:353 allorecognition 339:353 allorecognition 339:353 In Dictyostelium, two immunoglobulin-like adhesion proteins, TgrB1 and TgrC1, are essential components with dual roles in morphogenesis and allorecognition during development. 26359303 2 42 from roles 312:316 arg1 morphogenesis 321:333 morphogenesis 321:333 morphogenesis 321:333 In Dictyostelium, two immunoglobulin-like adhesion proteins, TgrB1 and TgrC1, are essential components with dual roles in morphogenesis and allorecognition during development. 26359303 2 43 with components 291:300 arg1 roles 312:316 dual roles 307:316 dual roles in morphogenesis and allorecognition during development 307:372 In Dictyostelium, two immunoglobulin-like adhesion proteins, TgrB1 and TgrC1, are essential components with dual roles in morphogenesis and allorecognition during development. 26359303 9 44 from effect 1126:1131 arg1 development 1136:1146 development 1136:1146 development 1136:1146 Despite its effect on development, we found that altered N-linked glycosylation had no discernable effect on TgrB1-TgrC1-mediated allorecognition. 26359303 5 45 theme tgrB-tgrC1-defective 612:631 arg1 arrest 647:652 the tgrB-tgrC1-defective developmental arrest 608:652 the tgrB-tgrC1-defective developmental arrest 608:652 Here, we report on a mutation that suppresses the tgrB-tgrC1-defective developmental arrest. 26359303 1 46 theme diverse 151:157 arg1 functions 159:167 diverse functions 151:167 diverse functions 151:167 Cell surface adhesion receptors play diverse functions in multicellular development. 26359303 7 47 theme alg9 834:837 arg1 mutation 839:846 an alg9 mutation 831:846 an alg9 mutation 831:846 We show that alteration in N-linked glycosylation, caused by an alg9 mutation with a plasmid insertion (alg9(ins)) or tunicamycin treatment, can partially suppress the developmental phenotypes caused by tgrC1 deletion or replacement with an incompatible allele. 26359303 10 48 theme distinct 1430:1437 arg1 effects 1439:1445 distinct effects 1430:1445 distinct effects 1430:1445 Our results show that N-linked protein glycosylation can modulate developmental processes without disturbing cell-cell recognition, suggesting that tgrB1 and tgrC1 have distinct effects in the two processes. 26359303 4 49 theme signaling 504:512 arg1 pathways 514:521 The underlying signaling pathways 489:521 The underlying signaling pathways 489:521 The underlying signaling pathways, however, have not been characterized. 26359303 9 50 theme discernable 1201:1211 arg1 effect 1213:1218 no discernable effect 1198:1218 no discernable effect 1198:1218 Despite its effect on development, we found that altered N-linked glycosylation had no discernable effect on TgrB1-TgrC1-mediated allorecognition. 26359303 10 51 theme protein 1292:1298 arg1 glycosylation 1300:1312 N-linked protein glycosylation 1283:1312 N-linked protein glycosylation 1283:1312 Our results show that N-linked protein glycosylation can modulate developmental processes without disturbing cell-cell recognition, suggesting that tgrB1 and tgrC1 have distinct effects in the two processes. 26359303 4 52 theme underlying 493:502 arg1 pathways 514:521 The underlying signaling pathways 489:521 The underlying signaling pathways 489:521 The underlying signaling pathways, however, have not been characterized. 26359303 2 53 theme essential 281:289 arg1 proteins 250:257 two immunoglobulin-like adhesion proteins 217:257 two immunoglobulin-like adhesion proteins 217:257 In Dictyostelium, two immunoglobulin-like adhesion proteins, TgrB1 and TgrC1, are essential components with dual roles in morphogenesis and allorecognition during development. 26359303 2 53 theme essential 281:289 arg1 components 291:300 essential components 281:300 essential components with dual roles in morphogenesis and allorecognition during development 281:372 In Dictyostelium, two immunoglobulin-like adhesion proteins, TgrB1 and TgrC1, are essential components with dual roles in morphogenesis and allorecognition during development. 26359303 10 54 theme cell-cell 1370:1378 arg1 recognition 1380:1390 cell-cell recognition 1370:1390 cell-cell recognition 1370:1390 Our results show that N-linked protein glycosylation can modulate developmental processes without disturbing cell-cell recognition, suggesting that tgrB1 and tgrC1 have distinct effects in the two processes. 26359303 10 55 link N-linked 1283:1290 arg1 glycosylation 1300:1312 N-linked protein glycosylation 1283:1312 N-linked protein glycosylation 1283:1312 Our results show that N-linked protein glycosylation can modulate developmental processes without disturbing cell-cell recognition, suggesting that tgrB1 and tgrC1 have distinct effects in the two processes. 26359303 1 56 theme multicellular 172:184 arg1 development 186:196 multicellular development 172:196 multicellular development 172:196 Cell surface adhesion receptors play diverse functions in multicellular development. 26359303 7 57 theme developmental 938:950 arg1 phenotypes 952:961 the developmental phenotypes 934:961 the developmental phenotypes caused by tgrC1 deletion or replacement with an incompatible allele 934:1029 We show that alteration in N-linked glycosylation, caused by an alg9 mutation with a plasmid insertion (alg9(ins)) or tunicamycin treatment, can partially suppress the developmental phenotypes caused by tgrC1 deletion or replacement with an incompatible allele. 25569109 0 0 theme ceramic 77:83 arg1 chromatography 100:113 ceramic hydroxyapatite chromatography 77:113 ceramic hydroxyapatite chromatography 77:113 Separation and analysis of charged isomers of monoclonal immunoglobulin G by ceramic hydroxyapatite chromatography. 25569109 5 1 dep meaning 825:831 arg1 influence 869:877 influence 869:877 could influence the retention time of HAp chromatography 863:918 However, there is a difference in retention time between MAb with and without N-linked oligosaccharides, meaning that the presence of N-glycan could influence the retention time of HAp chromatography. 25569109 6 2 contain having 1060:1065 arg1 MAb 1056:1058 the MAb 1052:1058 the MAb having different isoelectric points (pI) 1052:1099 Subsequently, the MAb fractions separated by 2.5-µm HAp chromatography were analyzed by isoelectric focusing, and seven isomers of the MAb having different isoelectric points (pI) were identified. 25569109 6 2 contain having 1060:1065 arg2 pI 1097:1098 pI 1097:1098 pI 1097:1098 Subsequently, the MAb fractions separated by 2.5-µm HAp chromatography were analyzed by isoelectric focusing, and seven isomers of the MAb having different isoelectric points (pI) were identified. 25569109 6 2 contain having 1060:1065 arg2 points 1089:1094 different isoelectric points 1067:1094 different isoelectric points (pI) 1067:1099 Subsequently, the MAb fractions separated by 2.5-µm HAp chromatography were analyzed by isoelectric focusing, and seven isomers of the MAb having different isoelectric points (pI) were identified. 25569109 1 3 theme heterogeneity 154:166 arg1 Analysis 116:123 Analysis 116:123 Analysis of monoclonal antibody (MAb) heterogeneity caused by posttranslational modifications 116:208 Analysis of monoclonal antibody (MAb) heterogeneity caused by posttranslational modifications is important for pharmaceutical quality assurance of antibody drugs. 25569109 3 4 with chromatography 532:545 arg1 oligosaccharides 576:591 N-linked oligosaccharides 567:591 N-linked oligosaccharides 567:591 The MAb without N-linked oligosaccharides could be separated by 2.5-µm HAp chromatography as well as MAb with N-linked oligosaccharides. 25569109 5 5 theme HAp 901:903 arg1 chromatography 905:918 HAp chromatography 901:918 HAp chromatography 901:918 However, there is a difference in retention time between MAb with and without N-linked oligosaccharides, meaning that the presence of N-glycan could influence the retention time of HAp chromatography. 25569109 3 6 theme 2.5-µm 521:526 arg1 chromatography 532:545 2.5-µm HAp chromatography 521:545 2.5-µm HAp chromatography as well as MAb with N-linked oligosaccharides 521:591 The MAb without N-linked oligosaccharides could be separated by 2.5-µm HAp chromatography as well as MAb with N-linked oligosaccharides. 25569109 7 7 theme MAb 1122:1124 arg1 isomers 1126:1132 The MAb isomers 1118:1132 The MAb isomers 1118:1132 The MAb isomers were eluted in order of lower pI isomers with sodium phosphate buffer, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated the immunoreactivity of the fraction including the lowest pI isomers to be remarkably reduced. 25569109 7 8 theme phosphate 1187:1195 arg1 buffer 1197:1202 sodium phosphate buffer 1180:1202 sodium phosphate buffer 1180:1202 The MAb isomers were eluted in order of lower pI isomers with sodium phosphate buffer, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated the immunoreactivity of the fraction including the lowest pI isomers to be remarkably reduced. 25569109 2 9 theme small 307:311 arg1 hydroxyapatite 321:334 small ceramic hydroxyapatite 307:334 small ceramic hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles that were self-manufactured to have a 2.5-µm diameter 307:404 In this study, by employing small ceramic hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles that were self-manufactured to have a 2.5-µm diameter, we attempted to separate and analyze MAb isomers. 25569109 2 9 theme small 307:311 arg1 HAp 337:339 HAp 337:339 HAp 337:339 In this study, by employing small ceramic hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles that were self-manufactured to have a 2.5-µm diameter, we attempted to separate and analyze MAb isomers. 25569109 3 10 theme N-linked 567:574 arg1 oligosaccharides 576:591 N-linked oligosaccharides 567:591 N-linked oligosaccharides 567:591 The MAb without N-linked oligosaccharides could be separated by 2.5-µm HAp chromatography as well as MAb with N-linked oligosaccharides. 25569109 0 11 theme hydroxyapatite 85:98 arg1 chromatography 100:113 ceramic hydroxyapatite chromatography 77:113 ceramic hydroxyapatite chromatography 77:113 Separation and analysis of charged isomers of monoclonal immunoglobulin G by ceramic hydroxyapatite chromatography. 25569109 3 12 link N-linked 473:480 arg1 oligosaccharides 482:497 N-linked oligosaccharides 473:497 N-linked oligosaccharides 473:497 The MAb without N-linked oligosaccharides could be separated by 2.5-µm HAp chromatography as well as MAb with N-linked oligosaccharides. 25569109 8 13 theme separation 1382:1391 arg1 behavior 1393:1400 the separation behavior 1378:1400 the separation behavior of HAp chromatography owing to 2.5-µm HAp particles 1378:1452 This study yielded details of the separation behavior of HAp chromatography owing to 2.5-µm HAp particles. 25569109 4 14 theme chromatography 704:717 arg1 mechanism 687:695 the separation mechanism 672:695 the separation mechanism of HAp chromatography 672:717 Hence, a variety of N-linked oligosaccharides do not appear to be involved in the separation mechanism of HAp chromatography. 25569109 4 15 theme HAp 700:702 arg1 chromatography 704:717 HAp chromatography 700:717 HAp chromatography 700:717 Hence, a variety of N-linked oligosaccharides do not appear to be involved in the separation mechanism of HAp chromatography. 25569109 6 16 theme MAb 1056:1058 arg1 isomers 1041:1047 seven isomers 1035:1047 seven isomers of the MAb having different isoelectric points (pI) 1035:1099 Subsequently, the MAb fractions separated by 2.5-µm HAp chromatography were analyzed by isoelectric focusing, and seven isomers of the MAb having different isoelectric points (pI) were identified. 25569109 6 17 theme isoelectric 1077:1087 arg1 pI 1097:1098 pI 1097:1098 pI 1097:1098 Subsequently, the MAb fractions separated by 2.5-µm HAp chromatography were analyzed by isoelectric focusing, and seven isomers of the MAb having different isoelectric points (pI) were identified. 25569109 6 17 theme isoelectric 1077:1087 arg1 points 1089:1094 different isoelectric points 1067:1094 different isoelectric points (pI) 1067:1099 Subsequently, the MAb fractions separated by 2.5-µm HAp chromatography were analyzed by isoelectric focusing, and seven isomers of the MAb having different isoelectric points (pI) were identified. 25569109 5 18 theme N-linked 798:805 arg1 meaning 825:831 meaning 825:831 meaning that the presence of N-glycan could influence the retention time of HAp chromatography 825:918 However, there is a difference in retention time between MAb with and without N-linked oligosaccharides, meaning that the presence of N-glycan could influence the retention time of HAp chromatography. 25569109 5 18 theme N-linked 798:805 arg1 oligosaccharides 807:822 N-linked oligosaccharides 798:822 N-linked oligosaccharides 798:822 However, there is a difference in retention time between MAb with and without N-linked oligosaccharides, meaning that the presence of N-glycan could influence the retention time of HAp chromatography. 25569109 2 19 contain have 383:386 arg1 particles 342:350 small ceramic hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles 307:350 small ceramic hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles that were self-manufactured to have a 2.5-µm diameter 307:404 In this study, by employing small ceramic hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles that were self-manufactured to have a 2.5-µm diameter, we attempted to separate and analyze MAb isomers. 25569109 2 19 contain have 383:386 arg2 diameter 397:404 a 2.5-µm diameter 388:404 a 2.5-µm diameter 388:404 In this study, by employing small ceramic hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles that were self-manufactured to have a 2.5-µm diameter, we attempted to separate and analyze MAb isomers. 25569109 1 20 theme posttranslational 178:194 arg1 modifications 196:208 posttranslational modifications 178:208 posttranslational modifications 178:208 Analysis of monoclonal antibody (MAb) heterogeneity caused by posttranslational modifications is important for pharmaceutical quality assurance of antibody drugs. 25569109 7 21 theme pI 1164:1165 arg1 isomers 1167:1173 lower pI isomers 1158:1173 lower pI isomers with sodium phosphate buffer 1158:1202 The MAb isomers were eluted in order of lower pI isomers with sodium phosphate buffer, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated the immunoreactivity of the fraction including the lowest pI isomers to be remarkably reduced. 25569109 5 22 theme chromatography 905:918 arg1 time 893:896 the retention time 879:896 the retention time of HAp chromatography 879:918 However, there is a difference in retention time between MAb with and without N-linked oligosaccharides, meaning that the presence of N-glycan could influence the retention time of HAp chromatography. 25569109 5 23 theme retention 754:762 arg1 time 764:767 retention time 754:767 retention time 754:767 However, there is a difference in retention time between MAb with and without N-linked oligosaccharides, meaning that the presence of N-glycan could influence the retention time of HAp chromatography. 25569109 8 24 theme 2.5-µm 1433:1438 arg1 particles 1444:1452 2.5-µm HAp particles 1433:1452 2.5-µm HAp particles 1433:1452 This study yielded details of the separation behavior of HAp chromatography owing to 2.5-µm HAp particles. 25569109 4 25 theme separation 676:685 arg1 mechanism 687:695 the separation mechanism 672:695 the separation mechanism of HAp chromatography 672:717 Hence, a variety of N-linked oligosaccharides do not appear to be involved in the separation mechanism of HAp chromatography. 25569109 7 26 theme isomers 1167:1173 arg1 order 1149:1153 order 1149:1153 order of lower pI isomers with sodium phosphate buffer 1149:1202 The MAb isomers were eluted in order of lower pI isomers with sodium phosphate buffer, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated the immunoreactivity of the fraction including the lowest pI isomers to be remarkably reduced. 25569109 7 27 theme lowest 1304:1309 arg1 isomers 1314:1320 the lowest pI isomers 1300:1320 the lowest pI isomers 1300:1320 The MAb isomers were eluted in order of lower pI isomers with sodium phosphate buffer, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated the immunoreactivity of the fraction including the lowest pI isomers to be remarkably reduced. 25569109 2 28 theme 2.5-µm 390:395 arg1 diameter 397:404 a 2.5-µm diameter 388:404 a 2.5-µm diameter 388:404 In this study, by employing small ceramic hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles that were self-manufactured to have a 2.5-µm diameter, we attempted to separate and analyze MAb isomers. 25569109 2 29 theme MAb 444:446 arg1 isomers 448:454 MAb isomers 444:454 MAb isomers 444:454 In this study, by employing small ceramic hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles that were self-manufactured to have a 2.5-µm diameter, we attempted to separate and analyze MAb isomers. 25569109 2 30 theme hydroxyapatite 321:334 arg1 particles 342:350 small ceramic hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles 307:350 small ceramic hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles that were self-manufactured to have a 2.5-µm diameter 307:404 In this study, by employing small ceramic hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles that were self-manufactured to have a 2.5-µm diameter, we attempted to separate and analyze MAb isomers. 25569109 7 31 theme pI 1311:1312 arg1 isomers 1314:1320 the lowest pI isomers 1300:1320 the lowest pI isomers 1300:1320 The MAb isomers were eluted in order of lower pI isomers with sodium phosphate buffer, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated the immunoreactivity of the fraction including the lowest pI isomers to be remarkably reduced. 25569109 7 32 theme lower 1158:1162 arg1 isomers 1167:1173 lower pI isomers 1158:1173 lower pI isomers with sodium phosphate buffer 1158:1202 The MAb isomers were eluted in order of lower pI isomers with sodium phosphate buffer, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated the immunoreactivity of the fraction including the lowest pI isomers to be remarkably reduced. 25569109 6 33 theme HAp 973:975 arg1 chromatography 977:990 2.5-µm HAp chromatography 966:990 2.5-µm HAp chromatography 966:990 Subsequently, the MAb fractions separated by 2.5-µm HAp chromatography were analyzed by isoelectric focusing, and seven isomers of the MAb having different isoelectric points (pI) were identified. 25569109 5 34 from difference 740:749 arg1 time 764:767 retention time 754:767 retention time 754:767 However, there is a difference in retention time between MAb with and without N-linked oligosaccharides, meaning that the presence of N-glycan could influence the retention time of HAp chromatography. 25569109 2 35 theme ceramic 313:319 arg1 hydroxyapatite 321:334 small ceramic hydroxyapatite 307:334 small ceramic hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles that were self-manufactured to have a 2.5-µm diameter 307:404 In this study, by employing small ceramic hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles that were self-manufactured to have a 2.5-µm diameter, we attempted to separate and analyze MAb isomers. 25569109 2 35 theme ceramic 313:319 arg1 HAp 337:339 HAp 337:339 HAp 337:339 In this study, by employing small ceramic hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles that were self-manufactured to have a 2.5-µm diameter, we attempted to separate and analyze MAb isomers. 25569109 3 36 theme N-linked 473:480 arg1 oligosaccharides 482:497 N-linked oligosaccharides 473:497 N-linked oligosaccharides 473:497 The MAb without N-linked oligosaccharides could be separated by 2.5-µm HAp chromatography as well as MAb with N-linked oligosaccharides. 25569109 0 37 theme isomers 35:41 arg1 analysis 15:22 analysis 15:22 analysis 15:22 Separation and analysis of charged isomers of monoclonal immunoglobulin G by ceramic hydroxyapatite chromatography. 25569109 0 37 theme isomers 35:41 arg1 Separation 0:9 Separation 0:9 Separation 0:9 Separation and analysis of charged isomers of monoclonal immunoglobulin G by ceramic hydroxyapatite chromatography. 25569109 6 38 theme 2.5-µm 966:971 arg1 chromatography 977:990 2.5-µm HAp chromatography 966:990 2.5-µm HAp chromatography 966:990 Subsequently, the MAb fractions separated by 2.5-µm HAp chromatography were analyzed by isoelectric focusing, and seven isomers of the MAb having different isoelectric points (pI) were identified. 25569109 5 39 theme retention 883:891 arg1 time 893:896 the retention time 879:896 the retention time of HAp chromatography 879:918 However, there is a difference in retention time between MAb with and without N-linked oligosaccharides, meaning that the presence of N-glycan could influence the retention time of HAp chromatography. 25569109 1 40 theme pharmaceutical 227:240 arg1 assurance 250:258 pharmaceutical quality assurance 227:258 pharmaceutical quality assurance of antibody drugs 227:276 Analysis of monoclonal antibody (MAb) heterogeneity caused by posttranslational modifications is important for pharmaceutical quality assurance of antibody drugs. 25569109 0 41 theme charged 27:33 arg1 isomers 35:41 charged isomers 27:41 charged isomers of monoclonal immunoglobulin G 27:72 Separation and analysis of charged isomers of monoclonal immunoglobulin G by ceramic hydroxyapatite chromatography. 25569109 4 42 link N-linked 614:621 arg1 oligosaccharides 623:638 N-linked oligosaccharides 614:638 N-linked oligosaccharides 614:638 Hence, a variety of N-linked oligosaccharides do not appear to be involved in the separation mechanism of HAp chromatography. 25569109 5 43 link N-linked 798:805 arg1 meaning 825:831 meaning 825:831 meaning that the presence of N-glycan could influence the retention time of HAp chromatography 825:918 However, there is a difference in retention time between MAb with and without N-linked oligosaccharides, meaning that the presence of N-glycan could influence the retention time of HAp chromatography. 25569109 5 43 link N-linked 798:805 arg1 oligosaccharides 807:822 N-linked oligosaccharides 798:822 N-linked oligosaccharides 798:822 However, there is a difference in retention time between MAb with and without N-linked oligosaccharides, meaning that the presence of N-glycan could influence the retention time of HAp chromatography. 25569109 1 44 theme quality 242:248 arg1 assurance 250:258 pharmaceutical quality assurance 227:258 pharmaceutical quality assurance of antibody drugs 227:276 Analysis of monoclonal antibody (MAb) heterogeneity caused by posttranslational modifications is important for pharmaceutical quality assurance of antibody drugs. 25569109 0 45 theme monoclonal 46:55 arg1 G 72:72 monoclonal immunoglobulin G 46:72 monoclonal immunoglobulin G 46:72 Separation and analysis of charged isomers of monoclonal immunoglobulin G by ceramic hydroxyapatite chromatography. 25569109 7 46 theme enzyme-linked 1209:1221 arg1 assay 1237:1241 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1209:1241 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1209:1241 The MAb isomers were eluted in order of lower pI isomers with sodium phosphate buffer, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated the immunoreactivity of the fraction including the lowest pI isomers to be remarkably reduced. 25569109 0 47 theme immunoglobulin 57:70 arg1 G 72:72 monoclonal immunoglobulin G 46:72 monoclonal immunoglobulin G 46:72 Separation and analysis of charged isomers of monoclonal immunoglobulin G by ceramic hydroxyapatite chromatography. 25569109 8 48 theme chromatography 1409:1422 arg1 behavior 1393:1400 the separation behavior 1378:1400 the separation behavior of HAp chromatography owing to 2.5-µm HAp particles 1378:1452 This study yielded details of the separation behavior of HAp chromatography owing to 2.5-µm HAp particles. 25569109 7 49 theme fraction 1281:1288 arg1 immunoreactivity 1257:1272 the immunoreactivity 1253:1272 the immunoreactivity of the fraction including the lowest pI isomers to be remarkably reduced 1253:1345 The MAb isomers were eluted in order of lower pI isomers with sodium phosphate buffer, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated the immunoreactivity of the fraction including the lowest pI isomers to be remarkably reduced. 25569109 3 50 with MAb 558:560 arg1 oligosaccharides 576:591 N-linked oligosaccharides 567:591 N-linked oligosaccharides 567:591 The MAb without N-linked oligosaccharides could be separated by 2.5-µm HAp chromatography as well as MAb with N-linked oligosaccharides. 25569109 7 51 theme sodium 1180:1185 arg1 buffer 1197:1202 sodium phosphate buffer 1180:1202 sodium phosphate buffer 1180:1202 The MAb isomers were eluted in order of lower pI isomers with sodium phosphate buffer, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated the immunoreactivity of the fraction including the lowest pI isomers to be remarkably reduced. 25569109 8 52 theme HAp 1405:1407 arg1 chromatography 1409:1422 HAp chromatography 1405:1422 HAp chromatography owing to 2.5-µm HAp particles 1405:1452 This study yielded details of the separation behavior of HAp chromatography owing to 2.5-µm HAp particles. 25569109 1 53 theme monoclonal 128:137 arg1 antibody 139:146 monoclonal antibody 128:146 monoclonal antibody (MAb) heterogeneity caused by posttranslational modifications 128:208 Analysis of monoclonal antibody (MAb) heterogeneity caused by posttranslational modifications is important for pharmaceutical quality assurance of antibody drugs. 25569109 1 53 theme monoclonal 128:137 arg1 MAb 149:151 MAb 149:151 MAb 149:151 Analysis of monoclonal antibody (MAb) heterogeneity caused by posttranslational modifications is important for pharmaceutical quality assurance of antibody drugs. 25569109 6 54 theme MAb 939:941 arg1 fractions 943:951 the MAb fractions 935:951 the MAb fractions separated by 2.5-µm HAp chromatography 935:990 Subsequently, the MAb fractions separated by 2.5-µm HAp chromatography were analyzed by isoelectric focusing, and seven isomers of the MAb having different isoelectric points (pI) were identified. 25569109 8 55 theme behavior 1393:1400 arg1 details 1367:1373 details 1367:1373 details of the separation behavior of HAp chromatography owing to 2.5-µm HAp particles 1367:1452 This study yielded details of the separation behavior of HAp chromatography owing to 2.5-µm HAp particles. 25569109 1 56 theme antibody 139:146 arg1 heterogeneity 154:166 monoclonal antibody (MAb) heterogeneity 128:166 monoclonal antibody (MAb) heterogeneity caused by posttranslational modifications 128:208 Analysis of monoclonal antibody (MAb) heterogeneity caused by posttranslational modifications is important for pharmaceutical quality assurance of antibody drugs. 25569109 7 57 link enzyme-linked 1209:1221 arg1 assay 1237:1241 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1209:1241 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1209:1241 The MAb isomers were eluted in order of lower pI isomers with sodium phosphate buffer, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated the immunoreactivity of the fraction including the lowest pI isomers to be remarkably reduced. 25569109 4 58 theme N-linked 614:621 arg1 oligosaccharides 623:638 N-linked oligosaccharides 614:638 N-linked oligosaccharides 614:638 Hence, a variety of N-linked oligosaccharides do not appear to be involved in the separation mechanism of HAp chromatography. 25569109 6 59 theme different 1067:1075 arg1 pI 1097:1098 pI 1097:1098 pI 1097:1098 Subsequently, the MAb fractions separated by 2.5-µm HAp chromatography were analyzed by isoelectric focusing, and seven isomers of the MAb having different isoelectric points (pI) were identified. 25569109 6 59 theme different 1067:1075 arg1 points 1089:1094 different isoelectric points 1067:1094 different isoelectric points (pI) 1067:1099 Subsequently, the MAb fractions separated by 2.5-µm HAp chromatography were analyzed by isoelectric focusing, and seven isomers of the MAb having different isoelectric points (pI) were identified. 25569109 0 60 theme G 72:72 arg1 isomers 35:41 charged isomers 27:41 charged isomers of monoclonal immunoglobulin G 27:72 Separation and analysis of charged isomers of monoclonal immunoglobulin G by ceramic hydroxyapatite chromatography. 25569109 5 61 theme N-glycan 854:861 arg1 presence 842:849 the presence 838:849 the presence of N-glycan 838:861 However, there is a difference in retention time between MAb with and without N-linked oligosaccharides, meaning that the presence of N-glycan could influence the retention time of HAp chromatography. 25569109 8 62 theme HAp 1440:1442 arg1 particles 1444:1452 2.5-µm HAp particles 1433:1452 2.5-µm HAp particles 1433:1452 This study yielded details of the separation behavior of HAp chromatography owing to 2.5-µm HAp particles. 25569109 3 63 theme HAp 528:530 arg1 chromatography 532:545 2.5-µm HAp chromatography 521:545 2.5-µm HAp chromatography as well as MAb with N-linked oligosaccharides 521:591 The MAb without N-linked oligosaccharides could be separated by 2.5-µm HAp chromatography as well as MAb with N-linked oligosaccharides. 25569109 7 64 theme immunosorbent 1223:1235 arg1 assay 1237:1241 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1209:1241 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1209:1241 The MAb isomers were eluted in order of lower pI isomers with sodium phosphate buffer, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated the immunoreactivity of the fraction including the lowest pI isomers to be remarkably reduced. 25569109 1 65 theme antibody 263:270 arg1 drugs 272:276 antibody drugs 263:276 antibody drugs 263:276 Analysis of monoclonal antibody (MAb) heterogeneity caused by posttranslational modifications is important for pharmaceutical quality assurance of antibody drugs. 25569109 3 66 link N-linked 567:574 arg1 oligosaccharides 576:591 N-linked oligosaccharides 567:591 N-linked oligosaccharides 567:591 The MAb without N-linked oligosaccharides could be separated by 2.5-µm HAp chromatography as well as MAb with N-linked oligosaccharides. 25569109 7 67 with isomers 1167:1173 arg1 buffer 1197:1202 sodium phosphate buffer 1180:1202 sodium phosphate buffer 1180:1202 The MAb isomers were eluted in order of lower pI isomers with sodium phosphate buffer, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated the immunoreactivity of the fraction including the lowest pI isomers to be remarkably reduced. 25569109 4 68 theme oligosaccharides 623:638 arg1 variety 603:609 a variety 601:609 a variety of N-linked oligosaccharides 601:638 Hence, a variety of N-linked oligosaccharides do not appear to be involved in the separation mechanism of HAp chromatography. 25569109 4 68 theme oligosaccharides 623:638 arg1 oligosaccharides 623:638 N-linked oligosaccharides 614:638 N-linked oligosaccharides 614:638 Hence, a variety of N-linked oligosaccharides do not appear to be involved in the separation mechanism of HAp chromatography. 25569109 1 69 theme drugs 272:276 arg1 assurance 250:258 pharmaceutical quality assurance 227:258 pharmaceutical quality assurance of antibody drugs 227:276 Analysis of monoclonal antibody (MAb) heterogeneity caused by posttranslational modifications is important for pharmaceutical quality assurance of antibody drugs. 25863629 7 0 theme Saccorhiza 1064:1073 arg1 polyschides 1075:1085 S. muticum and Saccorhiza polyschides 1049:1085 S. muticum and Saccorhiza polyschides 1049:1085 In the brown algae, S. muticum and Saccorhiza polyschides, alginates and fucoidans were the main polysaccharides found. 25863629 7 0 theme Saccorhiza 1064:1073 arg1 alginates 1088:1096 alginates 1088:1096 alginates 1088:1096 In the brown algae, S. muticum and Saccorhiza polyschides, alginates and fucoidans were the main polysaccharides found. 25863629 7 0 theme Saccorhiza 1064:1073 arg1 fucoidans 1102:1110 fucoidans 1102:1110 fucoidans 1102:1110 In the brown algae, S. muticum and Saccorhiza polyschides, alginates and fucoidans were the main polysaccharides found. 25863629 7 0 theme Saccorhiza 1064:1073 arg1 polysaccharides 1126:1140 the main polysaccharides 1117:1140 the main polysaccharides found 1117:1146 In the brown algae, S. muticum and Saccorhiza polyschides, alginates and fucoidans were the main polysaccharides found. 25863629 4 1 theme variable 623:630 arg1 content 632:638 variable content 623:638 variable content in n6 and n3 FA 623:654 Fatty acid (FA) composition covered the branched chain C13ai to C22:5 n3 with variable content in n6 and n3 FA; low n6:n3 ratios were observed in O. pinnatifida, Grateloupia turuturu and C. tomentosum. 25863629 2 2 theme total 339:343 arg1 sugar 345:349 total sugar 339:349 total sugar 339:349 Protein content, total sugar and fat contents ranged between 14.4% and 23.8%, 32.4% and 49.3% and 0.6-3.6%. 25863629 0 3 theme Buarcos 61:67 arg1 bay 69:71 Buarcos bay 61:71 Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal 61:105 Chemical composition of red, brown and green macroalgae from Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal. 25863629 0 4 from composition 9:19 arg1 bay 69:71 Buarcos bay 61:71 Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal 61:105 Chemical composition of red, brown and green macroalgae from Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal. 25863629 3 5 theme phenolic 444:451 arg1 content 453:459 Highest total phenolic content 430:459 Highest total phenolic content 430:459 Highest total phenolic content was observed in Codium tomentosum followed by Sargassum muticum and O. pinnatifida. 25863629 4 6 located observed 679:686 arg2 ratios 667:672 low n6:n3 ratios 657:672 low n6:n3 ratios 657:672 Fatty acid (FA) composition covered the branched chain C13ai to C22:5 n3 with variable content in n6 and n3 FA; low n6:n3 ratios were observed in O. pinnatifida, Grateloupia turuturu and C. tomentosum. 25863629 4 6 located observed 679:686 arg1 tomentosum 735:744 tomentosum 735:744 tomentosum 735:744 Fatty acid (FA) composition covered the branched chain C13ai to C22:5 n3 with variable content in n6 and n3 FA; low n6:n3 ratios were observed in O. pinnatifida, Grateloupia turuturu and C. tomentosum. 25863629 4 6 located observed 679:686 arg1 pinnatifida 694:704 pinnatifida 694:704 pinnatifida 694:704 Fatty acid (FA) composition covered the branched chain C13ai to C22:5 n3 with variable content in n6 and n3 FA; low n6:n3 ratios were observed in O. pinnatifida, Grateloupia turuturu and C. tomentosum. 25863629 4 6 located observed 679:686 arg1 turuturu 719:726 turuturu 719:726 turuturu 719:726 Fatty acid (FA) composition covered the branched chain C13ai to C22:5 n3 with variable content in n6 and n3 FA; low n6:n3 ratios were observed in O. pinnatifida, Grateloupia turuturu and C. tomentosum. 25863629 0 7 theme Central 76:82 arg1 Coast 89:93 Central West Coast 76:93 Central West Coast of Portugal 76:105 Chemical composition of red, brown and green macroalgae from Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal. 25863629 5 8 theme Fe 813:814 arg1 species 760:766 Some seaweed species 747:766 Some seaweed species 747:766 Some seaweed species may be seen as good sources of Ca, K, Mg and Fe, corroborating their good nutritional value. 25863629 5 8 theme Fe 813:814 arg1 sources 788:794 good sources 783:794 good sources of Ca, K, Mg and Fe 783:814 Some seaweed species may be seen as good sources of Ca, K, Mg and Fe, corroborating their good nutritional value. 25863629 7 9 theme main 1121:1124 arg1 polysaccharides 1126:1140 the main polysaccharides 1117:1140 the main polysaccharides found 1117:1146 In the brown algae, S. muticum and Saccorhiza polyschides, alginates and fucoidans were the main polysaccharides found. 25863629 7 9 theme main 1121:1124 arg1 alginates 1088:1096 alginates 1088:1096 alginates 1088:1096 In the brown algae, S. muticum and Saccorhiza polyschides, alginates and fucoidans were the main polysaccharides found. 25863629 7 9 theme main 1121:1124 arg1 fucoidans 1102:1110 fucoidans 1102:1110 fucoidans 1102:1110 In the brown algae, S. muticum and Saccorhiza polyschides, alginates and fucoidans were the main polysaccharides found. 25863629 7 9 theme main 1121:1124 arg1 polyschides 1075:1085 S. muticum and Saccorhiza polyschides 1049:1085 S. muticum and Saccorhiza polyschides 1049:1085 In the brown algae, S. muticum and Saccorhiza polyschides, alginates and fucoidans were the main polysaccharides found. 25863629 4 10 theme n6 661:662 arg1 ratios 667:672 low n6:n3 ratios 657:672 low n6:n3 ratios 657:672 Fatty acid (FA) composition covered the branched chain C13ai to C22:5 n3 with variable content in n6 and n3 FA; low n6:n3 ratios were observed in O. pinnatifida, Grateloupia turuturu and C. tomentosum. 25863629 3 11 theme total 438:442 arg1 content 453:459 Highest total phenolic content 430:459 Highest total phenolic content 430:459 Highest total phenolic content was observed in Codium tomentosum followed by Sargassum muticum and O. pinnatifida. 25863629 4 12 theme chain 594:598 arg1 C13ai 600:604 the branched chain C13ai 581:604 the branched chain C13ai to C22:5 n3 581:616 Fatty acid (FA) composition covered the branched chain C13ai to C22:5 n3 with variable content in n6 and n3 FA; low n6:n3 ratios were observed in O. pinnatifida, Grateloupia turuturu and C. tomentosum. 25863629 0 13 theme West 84:87 arg1 Coast 89:93 Central West Coast 76:93 Central West Coast of Portugal 76:105 Chemical composition of red, brown and green macroalgae from Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal. 25863629 5 14 theme good 783:786 arg1 species 760:766 Some seaweed species 747:766 Some seaweed species 747:766 Some seaweed species may be seen as good sources of Ca, K, Mg and Fe, corroborating their good nutritional value. 25863629 5 14 theme good 783:786 arg1 sources 788:794 good sources 783:794 good sources of Ca, K, Mg and Fe 783:814 Some seaweed species may be seen as good sources of Ca, K, Mg and Fe, corroborating their good nutritional value. 25863629 4 15 theme n3 664:665 arg1 ratios 667:672 low n6:n3 ratios 657:672 low n6:n3 ratios 657:672 Fatty acid (FA) composition covered the branched chain C13ai to C22:5 n3 with variable content in n6 and n3 FA; low n6:n3 ratios were observed in O. pinnatifida, Grateloupia turuturu and C. tomentosum. 25863629 1 16 theme Central 152:158 arg1 Coast 176:180 the Central West Portuguese Coast 148:180 the Central West Portuguese Coast 148:180 Six representative edible seaweeds from the Central West Portuguese Coast, including the less studied Osmundea pinnatifida, were harvested from Buarcos bay, Portugal and their chemical characterization determined. 25863629 3 17 dep Sargassum 507:515 arg1 muticum 517:523 Sargassum muticum 507:523 Sargassum muticum 507:523 Highest total phenolic content was observed in Codium tomentosum followed by Sargassum muticum and O. pinnatifida. 25863629 7 18 from polysaccharides 1126:1140 arg1 algae 1042:1046 the brown algae 1032:1046 the brown algae 1032:1046 In the brown algae, S. muticum and Saccorhiza polyschides, alginates and fucoidans were the main polysaccharides found. 25863629 5 19 theme K 803:803 arg1 species 760:766 Some seaweed species 747:766 Some seaweed species 747:766 Some seaweed species may be seen as good sources of Ca, K, Mg and Fe, corroborating their good nutritional value. 25863629 5 19 theme K 803:803 arg1 sources 788:794 good sources 783:794 good sources of Ca, K, Mg and Fe 783:814 Some seaweed species may be seen as good sources of Ca, K, Mg and Fe, corroborating their good nutritional value. 25863629 7 20 theme brown 1036:1040 arg1 algae 1042:1046 the brown algae 1032:1046 the brown algae 1032:1046 In the brown algae, S. muticum and Saccorhiza polyschides, alginates and fucoidans were the main polysaccharides found. 25863629 1 21 theme West 160:163 arg1 Coast 176:180 the Central West Portuguese Coast 148:180 the Central West Portuguese Coast 148:180 Six representative edible seaweeds from the Central West Portuguese Coast, including the less studied Osmundea pinnatifida, were harvested from Buarcos bay, Portugal and their chemical characterization determined. 25863629 0 22 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 composition 9:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition of red, brown and green macroalgae from Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal. 0:106 Chemical composition of red, brown and green macroalgae from Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal. 25863629 4 23 theme n3 650:651 arg1 FA 653:654 n3 FA 650:654 n3 FA 650:654 Fatty acid (FA) composition covered the branched chain C13ai to C22:5 n3 with variable content in n6 and n3 FA; low n6:n3 ratios were observed in O. pinnatifida, Grateloupia turuturu and C. tomentosum. 25863629 2 24 theme fat 355:357 arg1 contents 359:366 fat contents 355:366 fat contents 355:366 Protein content, total sugar and fat contents ranged between 14.4% and 23.8%, 32.4% and 49.3% and 0.6-3.6%. 25863629 0 25 theme red 24:26 arg1 macroalgae 45:54 red, brown and green macroalgae 24:54 red, brown and green macroalgae from Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal 24:105 Chemical composition of red, brown and green macroalgae from Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal. 25863629 6 26 theme carrageenan 924:934 arg1 producers 944:952 carrageenan seaweed producers 924:952 carrageenan seaweed producers 924:952 According to FTIR-ATR spectra, G. turuturu was associated with carrageenan seaweed producers whereas Gracilaria gracilis and O. pinnatifida were mostly agar producers. 25863629 0 27 theme Portugal 98:105 arg1 Coast 89:93 Central West Coast 76:93 Central West Coast of Portugal 76:105 Chemical composition of red, brown and green macroalgae from Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal. 25863629 4 28 theme low 657:659 arg1 ratios 667:672 low n6:n3 ratios 657:672 low n6:n3 ratios 657:672 Fatty acid (FA) composition covered the branched chain C13ai to C22:5 n3 with variable content in n6 and n3 FA; low n6:n3 ratios were observed in O. pinnatifida, Grateloupia turuturu and C. tomentosum. 25863629 4 29 from content 632:638 arg1 n6 643:644 n6 643:644 n6 643:644 Fatty acid (FA) composition covered the branched chain C13ai to C22:5 n3 with variable content in n6 and n3 FA; low n6:n3 ratios were observed in O. pinnatifida, Grateloupia turuturu and C. tomentosum. 25863629 4 29 from content 632:638 arg1 FA 653:654 n3 FA 650:654 n3 FA 650:654 Fatty acid (FA) composition covered the branched chain C13ai to C22:5 n3 with variable content in n6 and n3 FA; low n6:n3 ratios were observed in O. pinnatifida, Grateloupia turuturu and C. tomentosum. 25863629 0 30 from bay 69:71 arg1 macroalgae 45:54 red, brown and green macroalgae 24:54 red, brown and green macroalgae from Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal 24:105 Chemical composition of red, brown and green macroalgae from Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal. 25863629 0 30 from bay 69:71 arg1 composition 9:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition of red, brown and green macroalgae from Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal. 0:106 Chemical composition of red, brown and green macroalgae from Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal. 25863629 0 30 from bay 69:71 arg1 Coast 89:93 Central West Coast 76:93 Central West Coast of Portugal 76:105 Chemical composition of red, brown and green macroalgae from Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal. 25863629 3 31 located observed 465:472 arg1 tomentosum 484:493 Codium tomentosum 477:493 Codium tomentosum followed by Sargassum muticum and O. pinnatifida 477:542 Highest total phenolic content was observed in Codium tomentosum followed by Sargassum muticum and O. pinnatifida. 25863629 3 31 located observed 465:472 arg2 content 453:459 Highest total phenolic content 430:459 Highest total phenolic content 430:459 Highest total phenolic content was observed in Codium tomentosum followed by Sargassum muticum and O. pinnatifida. 25863629 5 32 theme seaweed 752:758 arg1 species 760:766 Some seaweed species 747:766 Some seaweed species 747:766 Some seaweed species may be seen as good sources of Ca, K, Mg and Fe, corroborating their good nutritional value. 25863629 5 32 theme seaweed 752:758 arg1 sources 788:794 good sources 783:794 good sources of Ca, K, Mg and Fe 783:814 Some seaweed species may be seen as good sources of Ca, K, Mg and Fe, corroborating their good nutritional value. 25863629 0 33 theme brown 29:33 arg1 macroalgae 45:54 red, brown and green macroalgae 24:54 red, brown and green macroalgae from Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal 24:105 Chemical composition of red, brown and green macroalgae from Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal. 25863629 3 34 theme Highest 430:436 arg1 content 453:459 Highest total phenolic content 430:459 Highest total phenolic content 430:459 Highest total phenolic content was observed in Codium tomentosum followed by Sargassum muticum and O. pinnatifida. 25863629 1 35 theme Portuguese 165:174 arg1 Coast 176:180 the Central West Portuguese Coast 148:180 the Central West Portuguese Coast 148:180 Six representative edible seaweeds from the Central West Portuguese Coast, including the less studied Osmundea pinnatifida, were harvested from Buarcos bay, Portugal and their chemical characterization determined. 25863629 6 36 theme seaweed 936:942 arg1 producers 944:952 carrageenan seaweed producers 924:952 carrageenan seaweed producers 924:952 According to FTIR-ATR spectra, G. turuturu was associated with carrageenan seaweed producers whereas Gracilaria gracilis and O. pinnatifida were mostly agar producers. 25863629 0 37 theme green 39:43 arg1 macroalgae 45:54 red, brown and green macroalgae 24:54 red, brown and green macroalgae from Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal 24:105 Chemical composition of red, brown and green macroalgae from Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal. 25863629 7 38 theme muticum 1052:1058 arg1 polyschides 1075:1085 S. muticum and Saccorhiza polyschides 1049:1085 S. muticum and Saccorhiza polyschides 1049:1085 In the brown algae, S. muticum and Saccorhiza polyschides, alginates and fucoidans were the main polysaccharides found. 25863629 7 38 theme muticum 1052:1058 arg1 alginates 1088:1096 alginates 1088:1096 alginates 1088:1096 In the brown algae, S. muticum and Saccorhiza polyschides, alginates and fucoidans were the main polysaccharides found. 25863629 7 38 theme muticum 1052:1058 arg1 fucoidans 1102:1110 fucoidans 1102:1110 fucoidans 1102:1110 In the brown algae, S. muticum and Saccorhiza polyschides, alginates and fucoidans were the main polysaccharides found. 25863629 7 38 theme muticum 1052:1058 arg1 polysaccharides 1126:1140 the main polysaccharides 1117:1140 the main polysaccharides found 1117:1146 In the brown algae, S. muticum and Saccorhiza polyschides, alginates and fucoidans were the main polysaccharides found. 25863629 4 39 theme Fatty 545:549 arg1 acid 551:554 Fatty acid 545:554 Fatty acid (FA) composition 545:571 Fatty acid (FA) composition covered the branched chain C13ai to C22:5 n3 with variable content in n6 and n3 FA; low n6:n3 ratios were observed in O. pinnatifida, Grateloupia turuturu and C. tomentosum. 25863629 4 39 theme Fatty 545:549 arg1 FA 557:558 FA 557:558 FA 557:558 Fatty acid (FA) composition covered the branched chain C13ai to C22:5 n3 with variable content in n6 and n3 FA; low n6:n3 ratios were observed in O. pinnatifida, Grateloupia turuturu and C. tomentosum. 25863629 1 40 theme chemical 284:291 arg1 characterization 293:308 their chemical characterization 278:308 their chemical characterization 278:308 Six representative edible seaweeds from the Central West Portuguese Coast, including the less studied Osmundea pinnatifida, were harvested from Buarcos bay, Portugal and their chemical characterization determined. 25863629 6 41 theme agar 1013:1016 arg1 producers 1018:1026 agar producers 1013:1026 agar producers 1013:1026 According to FTIR-ATR spectra, G. turuturu was associated with carrageenan seaweed producers whereas Gracilaria gracilis and O. pinnatifida were mostly agar producers. 25863629 1 42 from Coast 176:180 arg1 pinnatifida 219:229 the less studied Osmundea pinnatifida 193:229 the less studied Osmundea pinnatifida 193:229 Six representative edible seaweeds from the Central West Portuguese Coast, including the less studied Osmundea pinnatifida, were harvested from Buarcos bay, Portugal and their chemical characterization determined. 25863629 1 42 from Coast 176:180 arg1 seaweeds 134:141 Six representative edible seaweeds 108:141 Six representative edible seaweeds 108:141 Six representative edible seaweeds from the Central West Portuguese Coast, including the less studied Osmundea pinnatifida, were harvested from Buarcos bay, Portugal and their chemical characterization determined. 25863629 2 43 theme Protein 322:328 arg1 content 330:336 Protein content 322:336 Protein content 322:336 Protein content, total sugar and fat contents ranged between 14.4% and 23.8%, 32.4% and 49.3% and 0.6-3.6%. 25863629 5 44 theme good 837:840 arg1 value 854:858 their good nutritional value 831:858 their good nutritional value 831:858 Some seaweed species may be seen as good sources of Ca, K, Mg and Fe, corroborating their good nutritional value. 25863629 6 45 theme FTIR-ATR 874:881 arg1 spectra 883:889 FTIR-ATR spectra 874:889 FTIR-ATR spectra 874:889 According to FTIR-ATR spectra, G. turuturu was associated with carrageenan seaweed producers whereas Gracilaria gracilis and O. pinnatifida were mostly agar producers. 25863629 5 46 theme Ca 799:800 arg1 species 760:766 Some seaweed species 747:766 Some seaweed species 747:766 Some seaweed species may be seen as good sources of Ca, K, Mg and Fe, corroborating their good nutritional value. 25863629 5 46 theme Ca 799:800 arg1 sources 788:794 good sources 783:794 good sources of Ca, K, Mg and Fe 783:814 Some seaweed species may be seen as good sources of Ca, K, Mg and Fe, corroborating their good nutritional value. 25863629 5 47 theme Mg 806:807 arg1 species 760:766 Some seaweed species 747:766 Some seaweed species 747:766 Some seaweed species may be seen as good sources of Ca, K, Mg and Fe, corroborating their good nutritional value. 25863629 5 47 theme Mg 806:807 arg1 sources 788:794 good sources 783:794 good sources of Ca, K, Mg and Fe 783:814 Some seaweed species may be seen as good sources of Ca, K, Mg and Fe, corroborating their good nutritional value. 25863629 4 48 theme acid 551:554 arg1 composition 561:571 Fatty acid (FA) composition 545:571 Fatty acid (FA) composition 545:571 Fatty acid (FA) composition covered the branched chain C13ai to C22:5 n3 with variable content in n6 and n3 FA; low n6:n3 ratios were observed in O. pinnatifida, Grateloupia turuturu and C. tomentosum. 25863629 5 49 theme nutritional 842:852 arg1 value 854:858 their good nutritional value 831:858 their good nutritional value 831:858 Some seaweed species may be seen as good sources of Ca, K, Mg and Fe, corroborating their good nutritional value. 25863629 6 50 theme Gracilaria 962:971 arg1 gracilis 973:980 Gracilaria gracilis 962:980 Gracilaria gracilis 962:980 According to FTIR-ATR spectra, G. turuturu was associated with carrageenan seaweed producers whereas Gracilaria gracilis and O. pinnatifida were mostly agar producers. 25863629 1 51 theme studied 202:208 arg1 pinnatifida 219:229 the less studied Osmundea pinnatifida 193:229 the less studied Osmundea pinnatifida 193:229 Six representative edible seaweeds from the Central West Portuguese Coast, including the less studied Osmundea pinnatifida, were harvested from Buarcos bay, Portugal and their chemical characterization determined. 25863629 1 52 theme representative 112:125 arg1 pinnatifida 219:229 the less studied Osmundea pinnatifida 193:229 the less studied Osmundea pinnatifida 193:229 Six representative edible seaweeds from the Central West Portuguese Coast, including the less studied Osmundea pinnatifida, were harvested from Buarcos bay, Portugal and their chemical characterization determined. 25863629 1 52 theme representative 112:125 arg1 seaweeds 134:141 Six representative edible seaweeds 108:141 Six representative edible seaweeds 108:141 Six representative edible seaweeds from the Central West Portuguese Coast, including the less studied Osmundea pinnatifida, were harvested from Buarcos bay, Portugal and their chemical characterization determined. 25863629 4 53 theme branched 585:592 arg1 C13ai 600:604 the branched chain C13ai 581:604 the branched chain C13ai to C22:5 n3 581:616 Fatty acid (FA) composition covered the branched chain C13ai to C22:5 n3 with variable content in n6 and n3 FA; low n6:n3 ratios were observed in O. pinnatifida, Grateloupia turuturu and C. tomentosum. 25863629 1 54 theme Osmundea 210:217 arg1 pinnatifida 219:229 the less studied Osmundea pinnatifida 193:229 the less studied Osmundea pinnatifida 193:229 Six representative edible seaweeds from the Central West Portuguese Coast, including the less studied Osmundea pinnatifida, were harvested from Buarcos bay, Portugal and their chemical characterization determined. 25863629 0 55 theme macroalgae 45:54 arg1 composition 9:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition of red, brown and green macroalgae from Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal. 0:106 Chemical composition of red, brown and green macroalgae from Buarcos bay in Central West Coast of Portugal. 25863629 1 56 theme edible 127:132 arg1 pinnatifida 219:229 the less studied Osmundea pinnatifida 193:229 the less studied Osmundea pinnatifida 193:229 Six representative edible seaweeds from the Central West Portuguese Coast, including the less studied Osmundea pinnatifida, were harvested from Buarcos bay, Portugal and their chemical characterization determined. 25863629 1 56 theme edible 127:132 arg1 seaweeds 134:141 Six representative edible seaweeds 108:141 Six representative edible seaweeds 108:141 Six representative edible seaweeds from the Central West Portuguese Coast, including the less studied Osmundea pinnatifida, were harvested from Buarcos bay, Portugal and their chemical characterization determined. 28359018 8 0 theme critical 1515:1522 arg1 barrier 1524:1530 the critical barrier 1511:1530 the critical barrier of manufacturing for the translation of protein nanoparticles 1511:1592 This efficient, reproducible and continuous FNC technique is amenable to scale-up in order to address the critical barrier of manufacturing for the translation of protein nanoparticles. 28359018 5 1 theme FNC 804:806 arg1 process 808:814 the optimized FNC process 790:814 the optimized FNC process 790:814 In comparison with the bulk-mixing method, the optimized FNC process produces CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles with a smaller size (down to 45 nm) and narrower size distribution, higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%), and pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution and insulin release. 28359018 4 2 theme rapid 681:685 arg1 condition 694:702 rapid mixing condition 681:702 rapid mixing condition (Re > 1600) in a multi-inlet vortex mixer 681:744 Here we report a new method, termed flash nanocomplexation (FNC), to fabricate insulin nanoparticles by infusing aqueous solutions of CS, tripolyphosphate (TPP), and insulin under rapid mixing condition (Re > 1600) in a multi-inlet vortex mixer. 28359018 4 2 theme rapid 681:685 arg1 Re > 1600 705:713 Re > 1600 705:713 Re > 1600 705:713 Here we report a new method, termed flash nanocomplexation (FNC), to fabricate insulin nanoparticles by infusing aqueous solutions of CS, tripolyphosphate (TPP), and insulin under rapid mixing condition (Re > 1600) in a multi-inlet vortex mixer. 28359018 0 3 theme insulin 84:90 arg1 delivery 72:79 oral delivery 67:79 oral delivery of insulin 67:90 Scalable fabrication of size-controlled chitosan nanoparticles for oral delivery of insulin. 28359018 8 4 theme FNC 1453:1455 arg1 technique 1457:1465 This efficient, reproducible and continuous FNC technique 1409:1465 This efficient, reproducible and continuous FNC technique 1409:1465 This efficient, reproducible and continuous FNC technique is amenable to scale-up in order to address the critical barrier of manufacturing for the translation of protein nanoparticles. 28359018 5 5 theme down 875:878 arg1 size 869:872 a smaller size 859:872 a smaller size (down to 45 nm) 859:888 In comparison with the bulk-mixing method, the optimized FNC process produces CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles with a smaller size (down to 45 nm) and narrower size distribution, higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%), and pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution and insulin release. 28359018 5 5 theme down 875:878 arg1 45 nm 883:887 down to 45 nm 875:887 down to 45 nm 875:887 In comparison with the bulk-mixing method, the optimized FNC process produces CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles with a smaller size (down to 45 nm) and narrower size distribution, higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%), and pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution and insulin release. 28359018 8 6 theme continuous 1442:1451 arg1 technique 1457:1465 This efficient, reproducible and continuous FNC technique 1409:1465 This efficient, reproducible and continuous FNC technique 1409:1465 This efficient, reproducible and continuous FNC technique is amenable to scale-up in order to address the critical barrier of manufacturing for the translation of protein nanoparticles. 28359018 3 7 theme mixing 367:372 arg1 method 346:351 the current method 334:351 the current method of batch-mode mixing 334:372 However, the current method of batch-mode mixing faces significant challenges in scaling up while maintaining size control, high uniformity, and high encapsulation efficiency. 28359018 4 8 theme new 518:520 arg1 method 522:527 a new method 516:527 a new method 516:527 Here we report a new method, termed flash nanocomplexation (FNC), to fabricate insulin nanoparticles by infusing aqueous solutions of CS, tripolyphosphate (TPP), and insulin under rapid mixing condition (Re > 1600) in a multi-inlet vortex mixer. 28359018 5 9 theme encapsulation 929:941 arg1 % 963:963 up to 90% 955:963 up to 90% 955:963 In comparison with the bulk-mixing method, the optimized FNC process produces CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles with a smaller size (down to 45 nm) and narrower size distribution, higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%), and pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution and insulin release. 28359018 5 9 theme encapsulation 929:941 arg1 efficiency 943:952 higher encapsulation efficiency 922:952 higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%) 922:964 In comparison with the bulk-mixing method, the optimized FNC process produces CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles with a smaller size (down to 45 nm) and narrower size distribution, higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%), and pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution and insulin release. 28359018 2 10 theme popular 307:313 arg1 approach 315:322 a popular approach 305:322 a popular approach 305:322 Formulation of protein nanoparticles by polyelectrolyte complexation between the protein and a natural polymer such as chitosan (CS) is a popular approach. 28359018 2 10 theme popular 307:313 arg1 polymer 272:278 a natural polymer 262:278 a natural polymer such as chitosan (CS) 262:300 Formulation of protein nanoparticles by polyelectrolyte complexation between the protein and a natural polymer such as chitosan (CS) is a popular approach. 28359018 8 11 theme nanoparticles 1580:1592 arg1 translation 1557:1567 the translation 1553:1567 the translation of protein nanoparticles 1553:1592 This efficient, reproducible and continuous FNC technique is amenable to scale-up in order to address the critical barrier of manufacturing for the translation of protein nanoparticles. 28359018 5 12 theme size 903:906 arg1 distribution 908:919 narrower size distribution 894:919 narrower size distribution 894:919 In comparison with the bulk-mixing method, the optimized FNC process produces CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles with a smaller size (down to 45 nm) and narrower size distribution, higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%), and pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution and insulin release. 28359018 7 13 theme larger 1382:1387 arg1 240 nm 1400:1405 240 nm 1400:1405 240 nm 1400:1405 Evaluated in a Type I diabetes rat model, the smaller nanoparticles (45 nm and 115 nm) control the blood glucose level through oral administration more effectively than the larger particles (240 nm). 28359018 7 13 theme larger 1382:1387 arg1 particles 1389:1397 the larger particles 1378:1397 the larger particles (240 nm) 1378:1406 Evaluated in a Type I diabetes rat model, the smaller nanoparticles (45 nm and 115 nm) control the blood glucose level through oral administration more effectively than the larger particles (240 nm). 28359018 8 14 theme protein 1572:1578 arg1 nanoparticles 1580:1592 protein nanoparticles 1572:1592 protein nanoparticles 1572:1592 This efficient, reproducible and continuous FNC technique is amenable to scale-up in order to address the critical barrier of manufacturing for the translation of protein nanoparticles. 28359018 4 15 theme vortex 733:738 arg1 mixer 740:744 a multi-inlet vortex mixer 719:744 a multi-inlet vortex mixer 719:744 Here we report a new method, termed flash nanocomplexation (FNC), to fabricate insulin nanoparticles by infusing aqueous solutions of CS, tripolyphosphate (TPP), and insulin under rapid mixing condition (Re > 1600) in a multi-inlet vortex mixer. 28359018 4 16 theme insulin 580:586 arg1 nanoparticles 588:600 insulin nanoparticles 580:600 insulin nanoparticles 580:600 Here we report a new method, termed flash nanocomplexation (FNC), to fabricate insulin nanoparticles by infusing aqueous solutions of CS, tripolyphosphate (TPP), and insulin under rapid mixing condition (Re > 1600) in a multi-inlet vortex mixer. 28359018 3 17 from challenges 392:401 arg1 up 414:415 scaling up 406:415 scaling up 406:415 However, the current method of batch-mode mixing faces significant challenges in scaling up while maintaining size control, high uniformity, and high encapsulation efficiency. 28359018 5 18 with comparison 750:759 arg1 method 782:787 the bulk-mixing method 766:787 the bulk-mixing method 766:787 In comparison with the bulk-mixing method, the optimized FNC process produces CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles with a smaller size (down to 45 nm) and narrower size distribution, higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%), and pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution and insulin release. 28359018 3 19 theme high 449:452 arg1 uniformity 454:463 high uniformity 449:463 high uniformity 449:463 However, the current method of batch-mode mixing faces significant challenges in scaling up while maintaining size control, high uniformity, and high encapsulation efficiency. 28359018 3 20 theme batch-mode 356:365 arg1 mixing 367:372 batch-mode mixing 356:372 batch-mode mixing 356:372 However, the current method of batch-mode mixing faces significant challenges in scaling up while maintaining size control, high uniformity, and high encapsulation efficiency. 28359018 0 21 theme Scalable 0:7 arg1 fabrication 9:19 Scalable fabrication 0:19 Scalable fabrication of size-controlled chitosan 0:47 Scalable fabrication of size-controlled chitosan nanoparticles for oral delivery of insulin. 28359018 6 22 theme CS/TPP/insulin 1034:1047 arg1 nanoparticles 1049:1061 The CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles 1030:1061 The CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles 1030:1061 The CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles can be lyophilized and reconstituted without loss of activity, and produced at a throughput of 5.1 g h-1 when a flow rate of 50 mL min-1 is used. 28359018 1 23 theme Controlled 93:102 arg1 delivery 104:111 Controlled delivery 93:111 Controlled delivery of protein 93:122 Controlled delivery of protein would find diverse therapeutic applications. 28359018 7 24 theme Type 1224:1227 arg1 model 1244:1248 a Type I diabetes rat model 1222:1248 a Type I diabetes rat model 1222:1248 Evaluated in a Type I diabetes rat model, the smaller nanoparticles (45 nm and 115 nm) control the blood glucose level through oral administration more effectively than the larger particles (240 nm). 28359018 7 25 theme smaller 1255:1261 arg1 nanoparticles 1263:1275 the smaller nanoparticles 1251:1275 the smaller nanoparticles (45 nm and 115 nm) 1251:1294 Evaluated in a Type I diabetes rat model, the smaller nanoparticles (45 nm and 115 nm) control the blood glucose level through oral administration more effectively than the larger particles (240 nm). 28359018 7 25 theme smaller 1255:1261 arg1 115 nm 1288:1293 115 nm 1288:1293 115 nm 1288:1293 Evaluated in a Type I diabetes rat model, the smaller nanoparticles (45 nm and 115 nm) control the blood glucose level through oral administration more effectively than the larger particles (240 nm). 28359018 7 25 theme smaller 1255:1261 arg1 45 nm 1278:1282 45 nm 1278:1282 45 nm 1278:1282 Evaluated in a Type I diabetes rat model, the smaller nanoparticles (45 nm and 115 nm) control the blood glucose level through oral administration more effectively than the larger particles (240 nm). 28359018 3 26 theme scaling 406:412 arg1 up 414:415 scaling up 406:415 scaling up 406:415 However, the current method of batch-mode mixing faces significant challenges in scaling up while maintaining size control, high uniformity, and high encapsulation efficiency. 28359018 0 27 theme size-controlled 24:38 arg1 chitosan 40:47 size-controlled chitosan 24:47 size-controlled chitosan 24:47 Scalable fabrication of size-controlled chitosan nanoparticles for oral delivery of insulin. 28359018 5 28 theme smaller 861:867 arg1 size 869:872 a smaller size 859:872 a smaller size (down to 45 nm) 859:888 In comparison with the bulk-mixing method, the optimized FNC process produces CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles with a smaller size (down to 45 nm) and narrower size distribution, higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%), and pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution and insulin release. 28359018 5 28 theme smaller 861:867 arg1 45 nm 883:887 down to 45 nm 875:887 down to 45 nm 875:887 In comparison with the bulk-mixing method, the optimized FNC process produces CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles with a smaller size (down to 45 nm) and narrower size distribution, higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%), and pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution and insulin release. 28359018 3 29 theme significant 380:390 arg1 challenges 392:401 significant challenges 380:401 significant challenges in scaling up 380:415 However, the current method of batch-mode mixing faces significant challenges in scaling up while maintaining size control, high uniformity, and high encapsulation efficiency. 28359018 5 30 theme narrower 894:901 arg1 distribution 908:919 narrower size distribution 894:919 narrower size distribution 894:919 In comparison with the bulk-mixing method, the optimized FNC process produces CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles with a smaller size (down to 45 nm) and narrower size distribution, higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%), and pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution and insulin release. 28359018 4 31 theme multi-inlet 721:731 arg1 mixer 740:744 a multi-inlet vortex mixer 719:744 a multi-inlet vortex mixer 719:744 Here we report a new method, termed flash nanocomplexation (FNC), to fabricate insulin nanoparticles by infusing aqueous solutions of CS, tripolyphosphate (TPP), and insulin under rapid mixing condition (Re > 1600) in a multi-inlet vortex mixer. 28359018 5 32 theme higher 922:927 arg1 % 963:963 up to 90% 955:963 up to 90% 955:963 In comparison with the bulk-mixing method, the optimized FNC process produces CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles with a smaller size (down to 45 nm) and narrower size distribution, higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%), and pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution and insulin release. 28359018 5 32 theme higher 922:927 arg1 efficiency 943:952 higher encapsulation efficiency 922:952 higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%) 922:964 In comparison with the bulk-mixing method, the optimized FNC process produces CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles with a smaller size (down to 45 nm) and narrower size distribution, higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%), and pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution and insulin release. 28359018 3 33 theme high 470:473 arg1 efficiency 489:498 high encapsulation efficiency 470:498 high encapsulation efficiency 470:498 However, the current method of batch-mode mixing faces significant challenges in scaling up while maintaining size control, high uniformity, and high encapsulation efficiency. 28359018 5 34 theme optimized 794:802 arg1 process 808:814 the optimized FNC process 790:814 the optimized FNC process 790:814 In comparison with the bulk-mixing method, the optimized FNC process produces CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles with a smaller size (down to 45 nm) and narrower size distribution, higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%), and pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution and insulin release. 28359018 5 35 dep 45 nm 883:887 arg1 to 880:881 to 880:881 to 880:881 In comparison with the bulk-mixing method, the optimized FNC process produces CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles with a smaller size (down to 45 nm) and narrower size distribution, higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%), and pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution and insulin release. 28359018 2 36 theme polyelectrolyte 209:223 arg1 complexation 225:236 polyelectrolyte complexation 209:236 polyelectrolyte complexation between the protein 209:256 Formulation of protein nanoparticles by polyelectrolyte complexation between the protein and a natural polymer such as chitosan (CS) is a popular approach. 28359018 1 37 theme protein 116:122 arg1 delivery 104:111 Controlled delivery 93:111 Controlled delivery of protein 93:122 Controlled delivery of protein would find diverse therapeutic applications. 28359018 3 38 theme encapsulation 475:487 arg1 efficiency 489:498 high encapsulation efficiency 470:498 high encapsulation efficiency 470:498 However, the current method of batch-mode mixing faces significant challenges in scaling up while maintaining size control, high uniformity, and high encapsulation efficiency. 28359018 7 39 theme diabetes 1231:1238 arg1 model 1244:1248 a Type I diabetes rat model 1222:1248 a Type I diabetes rat model 1222:1248 Evaluated in a Type I diabetes rat model, the smaller nanoparticles (45 nm and 115 nm) control the blood glucose level through oral administration more effectively than the larger particles (240 nm). 28359018 7 40 theme rat 1240:1242 arg1 model 1244:1248 a Type I diabetes rat model 1222:1248 a Type I diabetes rat model 1222:1248 Evaluated in a Type I diabetes rat model, the smaller nanoparticles (45 nm and 115 nm) control the blood glucose level through oral administration more effectively than the larger particles (240 nm). 28359018 7 41 theme glucose 1314:1320 arg1 level 1322:1326 the blood glucose level 1304:1326 the blood glucose level 1304:1326 Evaluated in a Type I diabetes rat model, the smaller nanoparticles (45 nm and 115 nm) control the blood glucose level through oral administration more effectively than the larger particles (240 nm). 28359018 4 42 theme tripolyphosphate 639:654 arg1 solutions 622:630 aqueous solutions 614:630 aqueous solutions of CS, tripolyphosphate (TPP), and insulin 614:673 Here we report a new method, termed flash nanocomplexation (FNC), to fabricate insulin nanoparticles by infusing aqueous solutions of CS, tripolyphosphate (TPP), and insulin under rapid mixing condition (Re > 1600) in a multi-inlet vortex mixer. 28359018 0 43 theme chitosan 40:47 arg1 fabrication 9:19 Scalable fabrication 0:19 Scalable fabrication of size-controlled chitosan 0:47 Scalable fabrication of size-controlled chitosan nanoparticles for oral delivery of insulin. 28359018 3 44 theme size 435:438 arg1 control 440:446 size control 435:446 size control 435:446 However, the current method of batch-mode mixing faces significant challenges in scaling up while maintaining size control, high uniformity, and high encapsulation efficiency. 28359018 2 45 theme natural 264:270 arg1 approach 315:322 a popular approach 305:322 a popular approach 305:322 Formulation of protein nanoparticles by polyelectrolyte complexation between the protein and a natural polymer such as chitosan (CS) is a popular approach. 28359018 2 45 theme natural 264:270 arg1 polymer 272:278 a natural polymer 262:278 a natural polymer such as chitosan (CS) 262:300 Formulation of protein nanoparticles by polyelectrolyte complexation between the protein and a natural polymer such as chitosan (CS) is a popular approach. 28359018 7 46 theme blood 1308:1312 arg1 level 1322:1326 the blood glucose level 1304:1326 the blood glucose level 1304:1326 Evaluated in a Type I diabetes rat model, the smaller nanoparticles (45 nm and 115 nm) control the blood glucose level through oral administration more effectively than the larger particles (240 nm). 28359018 5 47 theme CS/TPP/insulin 825:838 arg1 nanoparticles 840:852 CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles 825:852 CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles 825:852 In comparison with the bulk-mixing method, the optimized FNC process produces CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles with a smaller size (down to 45 nm) and narrower size distribution, higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%), and pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution and insulin release. 28359018 0 48 theme oral 67:70 arg1 delivery 72:79 oral delivery 67:79 oral delivery of insulin 67:90 Scalable fabrication of size-controlled chitosan nanoparticles for oral delivery of insulin. 28359018 2 49 theme protein 184:190 arg1 Formulation 169:179 Formulation 169:179 Formulation of protein 169:190 Formulation of protein nanoparticles by polyelectrolyte complexation between the protein and a natural polymer such as chitosan (CS) is a popular approach. 28359018 5 50 theme pH-dependent 971:982 arg1 dissolution 997:1007 pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution 971:1007 pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution 971:1007 In comparison with the bulk-mixing method, the optimized FNC process produces CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles with a smaller size (down to 45 nm) and narrower size distribution, higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%), and pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution and insulin release. 28359018 5 51 theme bulk-mixing 770:780 arg1 method 782:787 the bulk-mixing method 766:787 the bulk-mixing method 766:787 In comparison with the bulk-mixing method, the optimized FNC process produces CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles with a smaller size (down to 45 nm) and narrower size distribution, higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%), and pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution and insulin release. 28359018 5 52 theme nanoparticle 984:995 arg1 dissolution 997:1007 pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution 971:1007 pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution 971:1007 In comparison with the bulk-mixing method, the optimized FNC process produces CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles with a smaller size (down to 45 nm) and narrower size distribution, higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%), and pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution and insulin release. 28359018 4 53 theme mixing 687:692 arg1 condition 694:702 rapid mixing condition 681:702 rapid mixing condition (Re > 1600) in a multi-inlet vortex mixer 681:744 Here we report a new method, termed flash nanocomplexation (FNC), to fabricate insulin nanoparticles by infusing aqueous solutions of CS, tripolyphosphate (TPP), and insulin under rapid mixing condition (Re > 1600) in a multi-inlet vortex mixer. 28359018 4 53 theme mixing 687:692 arg1 Re > 1600 705:713 Re > 1600 705:713 Re > 1600 705:713 Here we report a new method, termed flash nanocomplexation (FNC), to fabricate insulin nanoparticles by infusing aqueous solutions of CS, tripolyphosphate (TPP), and insulin under rapid mixing condition (Re > 1600) in a multi-inlet vortex mixer. 28359018 4 54 theme flash 537:541 arg1 FNC 561:563 FNC 561:563 FNC 561:563 Here we report a new method, termed flash nanocomplexation (FNC), to fabricate insulin nanoparticles by infusing aqueous solutions of CS, tripolyphosphate (TPP), and insulin under rapid mixing condition (Re > 1600) in a multi-inlet vortex mixer. 28359018 4 54 theme flash 537:541 arg1 nanocomplexation 543:558 flash nanocomplexation 537:558 flash nanocomplexation (FNC) 537:564 Here we report a new method, termed flash nanocomplexation (FNC), to fabricate insulin nanoparticles by infusing aqueous solutions of CS, tripolyphosphate (TPP), and insulin under rapid mixing condition (Re > 1600) in a multi-inlet vortex mixer. 28359018 6 55 theme flow 1175:1178 arg1 rate 1180:1183 a flow rate 1173:1183 a flow rate of 50 mL min-1 1173:1198 The CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles can be lyophilized and reconstituted without loss of activity, and produced at a throughput of 5.1 g h-1 when a flow rate of 50 mL min-1 is used. 28359018 6 56 theme 50 mL min-1 1188:1198 arg1 rate 1180:1183 a flow rate 1173:1183 a flow rate of 50 mL min-1 1173:1198 The CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles can be lyophilized and reconstituted without loss of activity, and produced at a throughput of 5.1 g h-1 when a flow rate of 50 mL min-1 is used. 28359018 1 57 theme diverse 135:141 arg1 applications 155:166 diverse therapeutic applications 135:166 diverse therapeutic applications 135:166 Controlled delivery of protein would find diverse therapeutic applications. 28359018 6 58 used used 1203:1206 arg2 rate 1180:1183 a flow rate 1173:1183 a flow rate of 50 mL min-1 1173:1198 The CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles can be lyophilized and reconstituted without loss of activity, and produced at a throughput of 5.1 g h-1 when a flow rate of 50 mL min-1 is used. 28359018 5 59 theme insulin 1013:1019 arg1 release 1021:1027 insulin release 1013:1027 insulin release 1013:1027 In comparison with the bulk-mixing method, the optimized FNC process produces CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles with a smaller size (down to 45 nm) and narrower size distribution, higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%), and pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution and insulin release. 28359018 8 60 theme reproducible 1425:1436 arg1 technique 1457:1465 This efficient, reproducible and continuous FNC technique 1409:1465 This efficient, reproducible and continuous FNC technique 1409:1465 This efficient, reproducible and continuous FNC technique is amenable to scale-up in order to address the critical barrier of manufacturing for the translation of protein nanoparticles. 28359018 1 61 theme therapeutic 143:153 arg1 applications 155:166 diverse therapeutic applications 135:166 diverse therapeutic applications 135:166 Controlled delivery of protein would find diverse therapeutic applications. 28359018 4 62 from condition 694:702 arg1 mixer 740:744 a multi-inlet vortex mixer 719:744 a multi-inlet vortex mixer 719:744 Here we report a new method, termed flash nanocomplexation (FNC), to fabricate insulin nanoparticles by infusing aqueous solutions of CS, tripolyphosphate (TPP), and insulin under rapid mixing condition (Re > 1600) in a multi-inlet vortex mixer. 28359018 8 63 theme efficient 1414:1422 arg1 technique 1457:1465 This efficient, reproducible and continuous FNC technique 1409:1465 This efficient, reproducible and continuous FNC technique 1409:1465 This efficient, reproducible and continuous FNC technique is amenable to scale-up in order to address the critical barrier of manufacturing for the translation of protein nanoparticles. 28359018 3 64 theme current 338:344 arg1 method 346:351 the current method 334:351 the current method of batch-mode mixing 334:372 However, the current method of batch-mode mixing faces significant challenges in scaling up while maintaining size control, high uniformity, and high encapsulation efficiency. 28359018 5 65 dep 90 961:962 arg1 to 958:959 to 958:959 to 958:959 In comparison with the bulk-mixing method, the optimized FNC process produces CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles with a smaller size (down to 45 nm) and narrower size distribution, higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%), and pH-dependent nanoparticle dissolution and insulin release. 28359018 4 66 theme CS 635:636 arg1 solutions 622:630 aqueous solutions 614:630 aqueous solutions of CS, tripolyphosphate (TPP), and insulin 614:673 Here we report a new method, termed flash nanocomplexation (FNC), to fabricate insulin nanoparticles by infusing aqueous solutions of CS, tripolyphosphate (TPP), and insulin under rapid mixing condition (Re > 1600) in a multi-inlet vortex mixer. 28359018 4 67 theme insulin 667:673 arg1 solutions 622:630 aqueous solutions 614:630 aqueous solutions of CS, tripolyphosphate (TPP), and insulin 614:673 Here we report a new method, termed flash nanocomplexation (FNC), to fabricate insulin nanoparticles by infusing aqueous solutions of CS, tripolyphosphate (TPP), and insulin under rapid mixing condition (Re > 1600) in a multi-inlet vortex mixer. 28359018 7 68 dep nanoparticles 1263:1275 arg1 nanoparticles 1263:1275 the smaller nanoparticles 1251:1275 the smaller nanoparticles (45 nm and 115 nm) 1251:1294 Evaluated in a Type I diabetes rat model, the smaller nanoparticles (45 nm and 115 nm) control the blood glucose level through oral administration more effectively than the larger particles (240 nm). 28359018 7 68 dep nanoparticles 1263:1275 arg1 115 nm 1288:1293 115 nm 1288:1293 115 nm 1288:1293 Evaluated in a Type I diabetes rat model, the smaller nanoparticles (45 nm and 115 nm) control the blood glucose level through oral administration more effectively than the larger particles (240 nm). 28359018 7 68 dep nanoparticles 1263:1275 arg1 45 nm 1278:1282 45 nm 1278:1282 45 nm 1278:1282 Evaluated in a Type I diabetes rat model, the smaller nanoparticles (45 nm and 115 nm) control the blood glucose level through oral administration more effectively than the larger particles (240 nm). 28359018 6 69 theme activity 1116:1123 arg1 loss 1108:1111 loss 1108:1111 loss of activity 1108:1123 The CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles can be lyophilized and reconstituted without loss of activity, and produced at a throughput of 5.1 g h-1 when a flow rate of 50 mL min-1 is used. 28359018 6 70 theme 5.1 g h-1 1158:1166 arg1 throughput 1144:1153 a throughput 1142:1153 a throughput of 5.1 g h-1 1142:1166 The CS/TPP/insulin nanoparticles can be lyophilized and reconstituted without loss of activity, and produced at a throughput of 5.1 g h-1 when a flow rate of 50 mL min-1 is used. 28359018 8 71 theme manufacturing 1535:1547 arg1 barrier 1524:1530 the critical barrier 1511:1530 the critical barrier of manufacturing for the translation of protein nanoparticles 1511:1592 This efficient, reproducible and continuous FNC technique is amenable to scale-up in order to address the critical barrier of manufacturing for the translation of protein nanoparticles. 28359018 7 72 theme oral 1336:1339 arg1 administration 1341:1354 oral administration 1336:1354 oral administration more effectively than the larger particles (240 nm) 1336:1406 Evaluated in a Type I diabetes rat model, the smaller nanoparticles (45 nm and 115 nm) control the blood glucose level through oral administration more effectively than the larger particles (240 nm). 28359018 4 73 theme aqueous 614:620 arg1 solutions 622:630 aqueous solutions 614:630 aqueous solutions of CS, tripolyphosphate (TPP), and insulin 614:673 Here we report a new method, termed flash nanocomplexation (FNC), to fabricate insulin nanoparticles by infusing aqueous solutions of CS, tripolyphosphate (TPP), and insulin under rapid mixing condition (Re > 1600) in a multi-inlet vortex mixer. 27333153 8 0 theme intestinal 1167:1176 arg1 cells 1183:1187 intestinal Th17 cells 1167:1187 intestinal Th17 cells 1167:1187 RESULTS A subpopulation of patients with early RA harbored intestinal microbiota dominated by Prevotella copri; SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients had an increased number of intestinal Th17 cells and developed severe arthritis when treated with zymosan. 27333153 10 1 theme SKG 1398:1400 arg1 cells 1410:1414 Naive SKG mouse T cells 1392:1414 Naive SKG mouse T cells cocultured with P copri-stimulated dendritic cells 1392:1465 Naive SKG mouse T cells cocultured with P copri-stimulated dendritic cells produced IL-17 in response to RPL23A and rapidly induced arthritis. 27333153 7 2 theme RA 887:888 arg1 patients 890:897 RA patients 887:897 RA patients 887:897 We also analyzed whether the lymphocytes of SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients react with the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23A). 27333153 8 3 theme cells 1183:1187 arg1 number 1157:1162 an increased number 1144:1162 an increased number of intestinal Th17 cells 1144:1187 RESULTS A subpopulation of patients with early RA harbored intestinal microbiota dominated by Prevotella copri; SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients had an increased number of intestinal Th17 cells and developed severe arthritis when treated with zymosan. 27333153 4 4 theme study 386:390 arg1 aim 374:376 The aim 370:376 The aim of this study 370:390 The aim of this study was to investigate whether altered composition of human intestinal microbiota in RA patients contributes to the development of arthritis. 27333153 6 5 from patients 702:709 arg1 samples 686:692 fecal samples 680:692 fecal samples from RA patients and healthy controls 680:730 We inoculated fecal samples from RA patients and healthy controls into germ-free arthritis-prone SKG mice and evaluated the immune responses. 27333153 5 6 theme 16S 625:627 arg1 sequencing 654:663 16S ribosomal RNA-based deep sequencing 625:663 16S ribosomal RNA-based deep sequencing 625:663 METHODS We analyzed the fecal microbiota of patients with early RA and healthy controls, using 16S ribosomal RNA-based deep sequencing. 27333153 7 7 theme mice 856:859 arg1 lymphocytes 837:847 the lymphocytes 833:847 the lymphocytes of SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients 833:897 We also analyzed whether the lymphocytes of SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients react with the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23A). 27333153 1 8 theme arthritis 175:183 arg1 pathogenesis 159:170 the pathogenesis 155:170 the pathogenesis of arthritis 155:183 OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis. 27333153 5 9 theme RNA-based 639:647 arg1 sequencing 654:663 16S ribosomal RNA-based deep sequencing 625:663 16S ribosomal RNA-based deep sequencing 625:663 METHODS We analyzed the fecal microbiota of patients with early RA and healthy controls, using 16S ribosomal RNA-based deep sequencing. 27333153 6 10 theme immune 790:795 arg1 responses 797:805 the immune responses 786:805 the immune responses 786:805 We inoculated fecal samples from RA patients and healthy controls into germ-free arthritis-prone SKG mice and evaluated the immune responses. 27333153 5 11 theme early 588:592 arg1 RA 594:595 early RA 588:595 early RA 588:595 METHODS We analyzed the fecal microbiota of patients with early RA and healthy controls, using 16S ribosomal RNA-based deep sequencing. 27333153 12 12 theme joint 1764:1768 arg1 inflammation 1770:1781 joint inflammation 1764:1781 joint inflammation 1764:1781 Autoreactive SKG mouse T cells are activated by dysbiotic microbiota in the intestine, causing joint inflammation. 27333153 2 13 with patients 242:249 arg1 arthritis 267:275 rheumatoid arthritis 256:275 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 256:280 Altered microbiota composition has been demonstrated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 27333153 2 13 with patients 242:249 arg1 RA 278:279 RA 278:279 RA 278:279 Altered microbiota composition has been demonstrated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 27333153 4 14 theme human 442:446 arg1 microbiota 459:468 human intestinal microbiota 442:468 human intestinal microbiota 442:468 The aim of this study was to investigate whether altered composition of human intestinal microbiota in RA patients contributes to the development of arthritis. 27333153 5 15 dep METHODS 530:536 arg1 analyzed 541:548 analyzed 541:548 analyzed 541:548 METHODS We analyzed the fecal microbiota of patients with early RA and healthy controls, using 16S ribosomal RNA-based deep sequencing. 27333153 9 16 theme lymph 1271:1275 arg1 nodes 1277:1281 regional lymph nodes 1262:1281 regional lymph nodes 1262:1281 Lymphocytes in regional lymph nodes and the colon, but not the spleen, of these mice showed enhanced interleukin-17 (IL-17) responses to RPL23A. 27333153 4 17 theme microbiota 459:468 arg1 composition 427:437 altered composition 419:437 altered composition of human intestinal microbiota in RA patients 419:483 The aim of this study was to investigate whether altered composition of human intestinal microbiota in RA patients contributes to the development of arthritis. 27333153 4 18 from composition 427:437 arg1 patients 476:483 RA patients 473:483 RA patients 473:483 The aim of this study was to investigate whether altered composition of human intestinal microbiota in RA patients contributes to the development of arthritis. 27333153 1 19 theme intestinal 118:127 arg1 microbiota 129:138 The intestinal microbiota 114:138 OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota 104:138 OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis. 27333153 8 20 with patients 1008:1015 arg1 RA 1028:1029 early RA 1022:1029 early RA 1022:1029 RESULTS A subpopulation of patients with early RA harbored intestinal microbiota dominated by Prevotella copri; SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients had an increased number of intestinal Th17 cells and developed severe arthritis when treated with zymosan. 27333153 0 21 theme Autoreactive 65:76 arg1 Cells 80:84 Autoreactive T Cells 65:84 Autoreactive T Cells 65:84 Dysbiosis Contributes to Arthritis Development via Activation of Autoreactive T Cells in the Intestine. 27333153 2 22 theme rheumatoid 256:265 arg1 arthritis 267:275 rheumatoid arthritis 256:275 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 256:280 Altered microbiota composition has been demonstrated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 27333153 2 22 theme rheumatoid 256:265 arg1 RA 278:279 RA 278:279 RA 278:279 Altered microbiota composition has been demonstrated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 27333153 10 23 theme dendritic 1451:1459 arg1 cells 1461:1465 P copri-stimulated dendritic cells 1432:1465 P copri-stimulated dendritic cells 1432:1465 Naive SKG mouse T cells cocultured with P copri-stimulated dendritic cells produced IL-17 in response to RPL23A and rapidly induced arthritis. 27333153 0 24 theme Cells 80:84 arg1 Activation 51:60 Activation 51:60 Activation of Autoreactive T Cells in the Intestine 51:101 Dysbiosis Contributes to Arthritis Development via Activation of Autoreactive T Cells in the Intestine. 27333153 8 25 theme intestinal 1040:1049 arg1 microbiota 1051:1060 intestinal microbiota 1040:1060 intestinal microbiota dominated by Prevotella copri 1040:1090 RESULTS A subpopulation of patients with early RA harbored intestinal microbiota dominated by Prevotella copri; SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients had an increased number of intestinal Th17 cells and developed severe arthritis when treated with zymosan. 27333153 12 26 theme dysbiotic 1717:1725 arg1 microbiota 1727:1736 dysbiotic microbiota 1717:1736 dysbiotic microbiota in the intestine 1717:1753 Autoreactive SKG mouse T cells are activated by dysbiotic microbiota in the intestine, causing joint inflammation. 27333153 3 27 theme arthritis 359:367 arg1 development 344:354 the development 340:354 the development of arthritis 340:367 However, it remains unclear how dysbiosis contributes to the development of arthritis. 27333153 10 28 theme P 1432:1432 arg1 cells 1461:1465 P copri-stimulated dendritic cells 1432:1465 P copri-stimulated dendritic cells 1432:1465 Naive SKG mouse T cells cocultured with P copri-stimulated dendritic cells produced IL-17 in response to RPL23A and rapidly induced arthritis. 27333153 12 29 theme mouse 1686:1690 arg1 cells 1694:1698 Autoreactive SKG mouse T cells 1669:1698 Autoreactive SKG mouse T cells 1669:1698 Autoreactive SKG mouse T cells are activated by dysbiotic microbiota in the intestine, causing joint inflammation. 27333153 4 30 theme RA 473:474 arg1 patients 476:483 RA patients 473:483 RA patients 473:483 The aim of this study was to investigate whether altered composition of human intestinal microbiota in RA patients contributes to the development of arthritis. 27333153 10 31 dep RPL23A 1497:1502 arg1 response 1485:1492 response 1485:1492 response 1485:1492 Naive SKG mouse T cells cocultured with P copri-stimulated dendritic cells produced IL-17 in response to RPL23A and rapidly induced arthritis. 27333153 5 32 theme patients 574:581 arg1 microbiota 560:569 the fecal microbiota 550:569 the fecal microbiota of patients with early RA and healthy controls 550:616 METHODS We analyzed the fecal microbiota of patients with early RA and healthy controls, using 16S ribosomal RNA-based deep sequencing. 27333153 6 33 theme RA 699:700 arg1 patients 702:709 RA patients 699:709 RA patients 699:709 We inoculated fecal samples from RA patients and healthy controls into germ-free arthritis-prone SKG mice and evaluated the immune responses. 27333153 7 34 theme ribosomal 948:956 arg1 L23a 966:969 the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a 910:969 the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23A) 910:978 We also analyzed whether the lymphocytes of SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients react with the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23A). 27333153 7 34 theme ribosomal 948:956 arg1 RPL23A 972:977 RPL23A 972:977 RPL23A 972:977 We also analyzed whether the lymphocytes of SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients react with the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23A). 27333153 9 35 theme interleukin-17 1348:1361 arg1 responses 1371:1379 enhanced interleukin-17 (IL-17) responses 1339:1379 enhanced interleukin-17 (IL-17) responses to RPL23A 1339:1389 Lymphocytes in regional lymph nodes and the colon, but not the spleen, of these mice showed enhanced interleukin-17 (IL-17) responses to RPL23A. 27333153 12 36 theme Autoreactive 1669:1680 arg1 cells 1694:1698 Autoreactive SKG mouse T cells 1669:1698 Autoreactive SKG mouse T cells 1669:1698 Autoreactive SKG mouse T cells are activated by dysbiotic microbiota in the intestine, causing joint inflammation. 27333153 9 37 theme IL-17 1364:1368 arg1 responses 1371:1379 enhanced interleukin-17 (IL-17) responses 1339:1379 enhanced interleukin-17 (IL-17) responses to RPL23A 1339:1389 Lymphocytes in regional lymph nodes and the colon, but not the spleen, of these mice showed enhanced interleukin-17 (IL-17) responses to RPL23A. 27333153 8 38 contain had 1140:1142 arg1 mice 1097:1100 SKG mice 1093:1100 SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients 1093:1138 RESULTS A subpopulation of patients with early RA harbored intestinal microbiota dominated by Prevotella copri; SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients had an increased number of intestinal Th17 cells and developed severe arthritis when treated with zymosan. 27333153 8 38 contain had 1140:1142 arg2 number 1157:1162 an increased number 1144:1162 an increased number of intestinal Th17 cells 1144:1187 RESULTS A subpopulation of patients with early RA harbored intestinal microbiota dominated by Prevotella copri; SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients had an increased number of intestinal Th17 cells and developed severe arthritis when treated with zymosan. 27333153 8 39 theme RA 1128:1129 arg1 patients 1131:1138 RA patients 1128:1138 RA patients 1128:1138 RESULTS A subpopulation of patients with early RA harbored intestinal microbiota dominated by Prevotella copri; SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients had an increased number of intestinal Th17 cells and developed severe arthritis when treated with zymosan. 27333153 11 40 dep CONCLUSION 1535:1544 arg1 demonstrated 1549:1560 demonstrated 1549:1560 demonstrated that dysbiosis increases sensitivity to arthritis via activation of autoreactive T cells in the intestine 1549:1666 CONCLUSION We demonstrated that dysbiosis increases sensitivity to arthritis via activation of autoreactive T cells in the intestine. 27333153 10 41 theme induced 1516:1522 arg1 arthritis 1524:1532 rapidly induced arthritis 1508:1532 rapidly induced arthritis 1508:1532 Naive SKG mouse T cells cocultured with P copri-stimulated dendritic cells produced IL-17 in response to RPL23A and rapidly induced arthritis. 27333153 6 42 theme SKG 763:765 arg1 mice 767:770 germ-free arthritis-prone SKG mice 737:770 germ-free arthritis-prone SKG mice 737:770 We inoculated fecal samples from RA patients and healthy controls into germ-free arthritis-prone SKG mice and evaluated the immune responses. 27333153 7 43 theme 60S 944:946 arg1 L23a 966:969 the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a 910:969 the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23A) 910:978 We also analyzed whether the lymphocytes of SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients react with the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23A). 27333153 7 43 theme 60S 944:946 arg1 RPL23A 972:977 RPL23A 972:977 RPL23A 972:977 We also analyzed whether the lymphocytes of SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients react with the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23A). 27333153 13 44 theme arthritis 1835:1843 arg1 development 1845:1855 arthritis development 1835:1855 arthritis development 1835:1855 Dysbiosis is an environmental factor that triggers arthritis development in genetically susceptible mice. 27333153 2 45 theme microbiota 194:203 arg1 composition 205:215 Altered microbiota composition 186:215 Altered microbiota composition 186:215 Altered microbiota composition has been demonstrated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 27333153 6 46 theme germ-free 737:745 arg1 mice 767:770 germ-free arthritis-prone SKG mice 737:770 germ-free arthritis-prone SKG mice 737:770 We inoculated fecal samples from RA patients and healthy controls into germ-free arthritis-prone SKG mice and evaluated the immune responses. 27333153 7 47 theme arthritis-related 914:930 arg1 L23a 966:969 the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a 910:969 the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23A) 910:978 We also analyzed whether the lymphocytes of SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients react with the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23A). 27333153 7 47 theme arthritis-related 914:930 arg1 RPL23A 972:977 RPL23A 972:977 RPL23A 972:977 We also analyzed whether the lymphocytes of SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients react with the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23A). 27333153 8 48 theme increased 1147:1155 arg1 number 1157:1162 an increased number 1144:1162 an increased number of intestinal Th17 cells 1144:1187 RESULTS A subpopulation of patients with early RA harbored intestinal microbiota dominated by Prevotella copri; SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients had an increased number of intestinal Th17 cells and developed severe arthritis when treated with zymosan. 27333153 6 49 from controls 723:730 arg1 samples 686:692 fecal samples 680:692 fecal samples from RA patients and healthy controls 680:730 We inoculated fecal samples from RA patients and healthy controls into germ-free arthritis-prone SKG mice and evaluated the immune responses. 27333153 5 50 theme deep 649:652 arg1 sequencing 654:663 16S ribosomal RNA-based deep sequencing 625:663 16S ribosomal RNA-based deep sequencing 625:663 METHODS We analyzed the fecal microbiota of patients with early RA and healthy controls, using 16S ribosomal RNA-based deep sequencing. 27333153 11 51 theme T 1643:1643 arg1 cells 1645:1649 autoreactive T cells 1630:1649 autoreactive T cells 1630:1649 CONCLUSION We demonstrated that dysbiosis increases sensitivity to arthritis via activation of autoreactive T cells in the intestine. 27333153 13 52 theme environmental 1800:1812 arg1 Dysbiosis 1784:1792 Dysbiosis 1784:1792 Dysbiosis 1784:1792 Dysbiosis is an environmental factor that triggers arthritis development in genetically susceptible mice. 27333153 13 52 theme environmental 1800:1812 arg1 factor 1814:1819 an environmental factor 1797:1819 an environmental factor that triggers arthritis development in genetically susceptible mice 1797:1887 Dysbiosis is an environmental factor that triggers arthritis development in genetically susceptible mice. 27333153 10 53 theme Naive 1392:1396 arg1 cells 1410:1414 Naive SKG mouse T cells 1392:1414 Naive SKG mouse T cells cocultured with P copri-stimulated dendritic cells 1392:1465 Naive SKG mouse T cells cocultured with P copri-stimulated dendritic cells produced IL-17 in response to RPL23A and rapidly induced arthritis. 27333153 8 54 theme Th17 1178:1181 arg1 cells 1183:1187 intestinal Th17 cells 1167:1187 intestinal Th17 cells 1167:1187 RESULTS A subpopulation of patients with early RA harbored intestinal microbiota dominated by Prevotella copri; SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients had an increased number of intestinal Th17 cells and developed severe arthritis when treated with zymosan. 27333153 8 55 theme patients 1008:1015 arg1 subpopulation 991:1003 A subpopulation 989:1003 RESULTS A subpopulation of patients with early RA 981:1029 RESULTS A subpopulation of patients with early RA harbored intestinal microbiota dominated by Prevotella copri; SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients had an increased number of intestinal Th17 cells and developed severe arthritis when treated with zymosan. 27333153 8 56 theme early 1022:1026 arg1 RA 1028:1029 early RA 1022:1029 early RA 1022:1029 RESULTS A subpopulation of patients with early RA harbored intestinal microbiota dominated by Prevotella copri; SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients had an increased number of intestinal Th17 cells and developed severe arthritis when treated with zymosan. 27333153 5 57 theme ribosomal 629:637 arg1 sequencing 654:663 16S ribosomal RNA-based deep sequencing 625:663 16S ribosomal RNA-based deep sequencing 625:663 METHODS We analyzed the fecal microbiota of patients with early RA and healthy controls, using 16S ribosomal RNA-based deep sequencing. 27333153 0 58 from Activation 51:60 arg1 Intestine 93:101 the Intestine 89:101 the Intestine 89:101 Dysbiosis Contributes to Arthritis Development via Activation of Autoreactive T Cells in the Intestine. 27333153 8 59 theme severe 1203:1208 arg1 arthritis 1210:1218 severe arthritis 1203:1218 severe arthritis 1203:1218 RESULTS A subpopulation of patients with early RA harbored intestinal microbiota dominated by Prevotella copri; SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients had an increased number of intestinal Th17 cells and developed severe arthritis when treated with zymosan. 27333153 10 60 theme T 1408:1408 arg1 cells 1410:1414 Naive SKG mouse T cells 1392:1414 Naive SKG mouse T cells cocultured with P copri-stimulated dendritic cells 1392:1465 Naive SKG mouse T cells cocultured with P copri-stimulated dendritic cells produced IL-17 in response to RPL23A and rapidly induced arthritis. 27333153 10 61 theme mouse 1402:1406 arg1 cells 1410:1414 Naive SKG mouse T cells 1392:1414 Naive SKG mouse T cells cocultured with P copri-stimulated dendritic cells 1392:1465 Naive SKG mouse T cells cocultured with P copri-stimulated dendritic cells produced IL-17 in response to RPL23A and rapidly induced arthritis. 27333153 7 62 theme SKG 852:854 arg1 mice 856:859 SKG mice 852:859 SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients 852:897 We also analyzed whether the lymphocytes of SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients react with the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23A). 27333153 5 63 with patients 574:581 arg1 RA 594:595 early RA 588:595 early RA 588:595 METHODS We analyzed the fecal microbiota of patients with early RA and healthy controls, using 16S ribosomal RNA-based deep sequencing. 27333153 5 63 with patients 574:581 arg1 controls 609:616 healthy controls 601:616 healthy controls 601:616 METHODS We analyzed the fecal microbiota of patients with early RA and healthy controls, using 16S ribosomal RNA-based deep sequencing. 27333153 4 64 theme intestinal 448:457 arg1 microbiota 459:468 human intestinal microbiota 442:468 human intestinal microbiota 442:468 The aim of this study was to investigate whether altered composition of human intestinal microbiota in RA patients contributes to the development of arthritis. 27333153 9 65 theme regional 1262:1269 arg1 nodes 1277:1281 regional lymph nodes 1262:1281 regional lymph nodes 1262:1281 Lymphocytes in regional lymph nodes and the colon, but not the spleen, of these mice showed enhanced interleukin-17 (IL-17) responses to RPL23A. 27333153 11 66 from activation 1616:1625 arg1 intestine 1658:1666 the intestine 1654:1666 the intestine 1654:1666 CONCLUSION We demonstrated that dysbiosis increases sensitivity to arthritis via activation of autoreactive T cells in the intestine. 27333153 5 67 theme fecal 554:558 arg1 microbiota 560:569 the fecal microbiota 550:569 the fecal microbiota of patients with early RA and healthy controls 550:616 METHODS We analyzed the fecal microbiota of patients with early RA and healthy controls, using 16S ribosomal RNA-based deep sequencing. 27333153 4 68 theme altered 419:425 arg1 composition 427:437 altered composition 419:437 altered composition of human intestinal microbiota in RA patients 419:483 The aim of this study was to investigate whether altered composition of human intestinal microbiota in RA patients contributes to the development of arthritis. 27333153 12 69 from microbiota 1727:1736 arg1 intestine 1745:1753 the intestine 1741:1753 the intestine 1741:1753 Autoreactive SKG mouse T cells are activated by dysbiotic microbiota in the intestine, causing joint inflammation. 27333153 9 70 from Lymphocytes 1247:1257 arg1 spleen 1310:1315 the spleen 1306:1315 the spleen 1306:1315 Lymphocytes in regional lymph nodes and the colon, but not the spleen, of these mice showed enhanced interleukin-17 (IL-17) responses to RPL23A. 27333153 9 70 from Lymphocytes 1247:1257 arg1 nodes 1277:1281 regional lymph nodes 1262:1281 regional lymph nodes 1262:1281 Lymphocytes in regional lymph nodes and the colon, but not the spleen, of these mice showed enhanced interleukin-17 (IL-17) responses to RPL23A. 27333153 9 70 from Lymphocytes 1247:1257 arg1 colon 1291:1295 the colon 1287:1295 the colon 1287:1295 Lymphocytes in regional lymph nodes and the colon, but not the spleen, of these mice showed enhanced interleukin-17 (IL-17) responses to RPL23A. 27333153 8 71 dep RESULTS 981:987 arg1 subpopulation 991:1003 A subpopulation 989:1003 RESULTS A subpopulation of patients with early RA 981:1029 RESULTS A subpopulation of patients with early RA harbored intestinal microbiota dominated by Prevotella copri; SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients had an increased number of intestinal Th17 cells and developed severe arthritis when treated with zymosan. 27333153 0 72 theme T 78:78 arg1 Cells 80:84 Autoreactive T Cells 65:84 Autoreactive T Cells 65:84 Dysbiosis Contributes to Arthritis Development via Activation of Autoreactive T Cells in the Intestine. 27333153 1 73 dep OBJECTIVE 104:112 arg1 microbiota 129:138 The intestinal microbiota 114:138 OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota 104:138 OBJECTIVE The intestinal microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis. 27333153 4 74 theme arthritis 519:527 arg1 development 504:514 the development 500:514 the development of arthritis 500:527 The aim of this study was to investigate whether altered composition of human intestinal microbiota in RA patients contributes to the development of arthritis. 27333153 10 75 theme copri-stimulated 1434:1449 arg1 cells 1461:1465 P copri-stimulated dendritic cells 1432:1465 P copri-stimulated dendritic cells 1432:1465 Naive SKG mouse T cells cocultured with P copri-stimulated dendritic cells produced IL-17 in response to RPL23A and rapidly induced arthritis. 27333153 5 76 theme healthy 601:607 arg1 controls 609:616 healthy controls 601:616 healthy controls 601:616 METHODS We analyzed the fecal microbiota of patients with early RA and healthy controls, using 16S ribosomal RNA-based deep sequencing. 27333153 6 77 theme arthritis-prone 747:761 arg1 mice 767:770 germ-free arthritis-prone SKG mice 737:770 germ-free arthritis-prone SKG mice 737:770 We inoculated fecal samples from RA patients and healthy controls into germ-free arthritis-prone SKG mice and evaluated the immune responses. 27333153 6 78 theme healthy 715:721 arg1 controls 723:730 healthy controls 715:730 healthy controls 715:730 We inoculated fecal samples from RA patients and healthy controls into germ-free arthritis-prone SKG mice and evaluated the immune responses. 27333153 12 79 theme SKG 1682:1684 arg1 cells 1694:1698 Autoreactive SKG mouse T cells 1669:1698 Autoreactive SKG mouse T cells 1669:1698 Autoreactive SKG mouse T cells are activated by dysbiotic microbiota in the intestine, causing joint inflammation. 27333153 9 80 theme mice 1327:1330 arg1 nodes 1277:1281 regional lymph nodes 1262:1281 regional lymph nodes 1262:1281 Lymphocytes in regional lymph nodes and the colon, but not the spleen, of these mice showed enhanced interleukin-17 (IL-17) responses to RPL23A. 27333153 9 80 theme mice 1327:1330 arg1 colon 1291:1295 the colon 1287:1295 the colon 1287:1295 Lymphocytes in regional lymph nodes and the colon, but not the spleen, of these mice showed enhanced interleukin-17 (IL-17) responses to RPL23A. 27333153 8 81 theme SKG 1093:1095 arg1 mice 1097:1100 SKG mice 1093:1100 SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients 1093:1138 RESULTS A subpopulation of patients with early RA harbored intestinal microbiota dominated by Prevotella copri; SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients had an increased number of intestinal Th17 cells and developed severe arthritis when treated with zymosan. 27333153 12 82 theme T 1692:1692 arg1 cells 1694:1698 Autoreactive SKG mouse T cells 1669:1698 Autoreactive SKG mouse T cells 1669:1698 Autoreactive SKG mouse T cells are activated by dysbiotic microbiota in the intestine, causing joint inflammation. 27333153 13 83 theme susceptible 1872:1882 arg1 mice 1884:1887 genetically susceptible mice 1860:1887 genetically susceptible mice 1860:1887 Dysbiosis is an environmental factor that triggers arthritis development in genetically susceptible mice. 27333153 0 84 theme Arthritis 25:33 arg1 Development 35:45 Arthritis Development 25:45 Arthritis Development 25:45 Dysbiosis Contributes to Arthritis Development via Activation of Autoreactive T Cells in the Intestine. 27333153 9 85 theme enhanced 1339:1346 arg1 responses 1371:1379 enhanced interleukin-17 (IL-17) responses 1339:1379 enhanced interleukin-17 (IL-17) responses to RPL23A 1339:1389 Lymphocytes in regional lymph nodes and the colon, but not the spleen, of these mice showed enhanced interleukin-17 (IL-17) responses to RPL23A. 27333153 7 86 theme protein 958:964 arg1 L23a 966:969 the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a 910:969 the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23A) 910:978 We also analyzed whether the lymphocytes of SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients react with the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23A). 27333153 7 86 theme protein 958:964 arg1 RPL23A 972:977 RPL23A 972:977 RPL23A 972:977 We also analyzed whether the lymphocytes of SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients react with the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23A). 27333153 2 87 theme Altered 186:192 arg1 composition 205:215 Altered microbiota composition 186:215 Altered microbiota composition 186:215 Altered microbiota composition has been demonstrated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 27333153 6 88 theme fecal 680:684 arg1 samples 686:692 fecal samples 680:692 fecal samples from RA patients and healthy controls 680:730 We inoculated fecal samples from RA patients and healthy controls into germ-free arthritis-prone SKG mice and evaluated the immune responses. 27333153 7 89 theme autoantigen 932:942 arg1 L23a 966:969 the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a 910:969 the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23A) 910:978 We also analyzed whether the lymphocytes of SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients react with the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23A). 27333153 7 89 theme autoantigen 932:942 arg1 RPL23A 972:977 RPL23A 972:977 RPL23A 972:977 We also analyzed whether the lymphocytes of SKG mice harboring microbiota from RA patients react with the arthritis-related autoantigen 60S ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23A). 27333153 11 90 theme cells 1645:1649 arg1 activation 1616:1625 activation 1616:1625 activation of autoreactive T cells in the intestine 1616:1666 CONCLUSION We demonstrated that dysbiosis increases sensitivity to arthritis via activation of autoreactive T cells in the intestine. 27333153 11 91 theme autoreactive 1630:1641 arg1 cells 1645:1649 autoreactive T cells 1630:1649 autoreactive T cells 1630:1649 CONCLUSION We demonstrated that dysbiosis increases sensitivity to arthritis via activation of autoreactive T cells in the intestine. 27097852 1 0 theme diseased 183:190 arg1 tissues 207:213 diseased versus healthy tissues 183:213 diseased versus healthy tissues 183:213 A common approach to understanding neurodegenerative disease is comparing gene expression in diseased versus healthy tissues. 27097852 5 1 from undetected 1065:1074 arg1 RNA 1092:1094 whole tissue RNA 1079:1094 whole tissue RNA 1079:1094 Extending the method to an Alzheimer's disease model, we confirm that transcriptomic changes observed in whole tissue are driven primarily by cell type composition, not transcriptional regulation, and identify hundreds of cell type-specific changes undetected in whole tissue RNA. 27097852 5 2 theme undetected 1065:1074 arg1 changes 1057:1063 cell type-specific changes 1038:1063 cell type-specific changes undetected in whole tissue RNA 1038:1094 Extending the method to an Alzheimer's disease model, we confirm that transcriptomic changes observed in whole tissue are driven primarily by cell type composition, not transcriptional regulation, and identify hundreds of cell type-specific changes undetected in whole tissue RNA. 27097852 2 3 theme altered 326:332 arg1 composition 343:353 altered cellular composition 326:353 altered cellular composition 326:353 We illustrate that expression profiles derived from whole tissue RNA highly reflect the degenerating tissues' altered cellular composition, not necessarily transcriptional regulation. 27097852 2 4 theme cellular 334:341 arg1 composition 343:353 altered cellular composition 326:353 altered cellular composition 326:353 We illustrate that expression profiles derived from whole tissue RNA highly reflect the degenerating tissues' altered cellular composition, not necessarily transcriptional regulation. 27097852 2 5 attach derived 255:261 arg2 profiles 246:253 expression profiles 235:253 expression profiles derived from whole tissue RNA highly 235:290 We illustrate that expression profiles derived from whole tissue RNA highly reflect the degenerating tissues' altered cellular composition, not necessarily transcriptional regulation. 27097852 2 5 attach derived 255:261 arg1 RNA 281:283 whole tissue RNA 268:283 whole tissue RNA 268:283 We illustrate that expression profiles derived from whole tissue RNA highly reflect the degenerating tissues' altered cellular composition, not necessarily transcriptional regulation. 27097852 3 6 theme transcriptional 425:439 arg1 changes 441:447 transcriptional changes 425:447 transcriptional changes that accompany neuropathology 425:477 To accurately understand transcriptional changes that accompany neuropathology, we acutely purify neurons, astrocytes and microglia from single adult mouse brains and analyse their transcriptomes by RNA sequencing. 27097852 1 7 from expression 169:178 arg1 tissues 207:213 diseased versus healthy tissues 183:213 diseased versus healthy tissues 183:213 A common approach to understanding neurodegenerative disease is comparing gene expression in diseased versus healthy tissues. 27097852 5 8 theme type-specific 1043:1055 arg1 changes 1057:1063 cell type-specific changes 1038:1063 cell type-specific changes undetected in whole tissue RNA 1038:1094 Extending the method to an Alzheimer's disease model, we confirm that transcriptomic changes observed in whole tissue are driven primarily by cell type composition, not transcriptional regulation, and identify hundreds of cell type-specific changes undetected in whole tissue RNA. 27097852 4 9 theme astrocytic 795:804 arg1 response 806:813 the astrocytic response 791:813 the astrocytic response 791:813 Using peripheral endotoxemia to establish the method, we reveal highly specific transcriptional responses and altered RNA processing in each cell type, with Tnfr1 required for the astrocytic response. 27097852 5 10 theme changes 1057:1063 arg1 hundreds 1026:1033 hundreds 1026:1033 hundreds of cell type-specific changes undetected in whole tissue RNA 1026:1094 Extending the method to an Alzheimer's disease model, we confirm that transcriptomic changes observed in whole tissue are driven primarily by cell type composition, not transcriptional regulation, and identify hundreds of cell type-specific changes undetected in whole tissue RNA. 27097852 5 11 from RNA 1092:1094 arg1 undetected 1065:1074 undetected 1065:1074 undetected 1065:1074 Extending the method to an Alzheimer's disease model, we confirm that transcriptomic changes observed in whole tissue are driven primarily by cell type composition, not transcriptional regulation, and identify hundreds of cell type-specific changes undetected in whole tissue RNA. 27097852 1 12 theme healthy 199:205 arg1 tissues 207:213 diseased versus healthy tissues 183:213 diseased versus healthy tissues 183:213 A common approach to understanding neurodegenerative disease is comparing gene expression in diseased versus healthy tissues. 27097852 6 13 theme expression 1213:1222 arg1 understanding 1182:1194 our understanding 1178:1194 our understanding of aberrant gene expression in neurological disease 1178:1246 Applying similar methods to additional models and patient tissues will transform our understanding of aberrant gene expression in neurological disease. 27097852 1 14 theme common 92:97 arg1 approach 99:106 A common approach 90:106 A common approach to understanding neurodegenerative disease 90:149 A common approach to understanding neurodegenerative disease is comparing gene expression in diseased versus healthy tissues. 27097852 4 15 theme cell 756:759 arg1 type 761:764 each cell type 751:764 each cell type 751:764 Using peripheral endotoxemia to establish the method, we reveal highly specific transcriptional responses and altered RNA processing in each cell type, with Tnfr1 required for the astrocytic response. 27097852 5 16 theme transcriptomic 886:899 arg1 changes 901:907 transcriptomic changes 886:907 transcriptomic changes observed in whole tissue 886:932 Extending the method to an Alzheimer's disease model, we confirm that transcriptomic changes observed in whole tissue are driven primarily by cell type composition, not transcriptional regulation, and identify hundreds of cell type-specific changes undetected in whole tissue RNA. 27097852 6 17 from disease 1240:1246 arg1 understanding 1182:1194 our understanding 1178:1194 our understanding of aberrant gene expression in neurological disease 1178:1246 Applying similar methods to additional models and patient tissues will transform our understanding of aberrant gene expression in neurological disease. 27097852 3 18 theme single 537:542 arg1 brains 556:561 single adult mouse brains 537:561 single adult mouse brains 537:561 To accurately understand transcriptional changes that accompany neuropathology, we acutely purify neurons, astrocytes and microglia from single adult mouse brains and analyse their transcriptomes by RNA sequencing. 27097852 6 19 theme gene 1208:1211 arg1 expression 1213:1222 aberrant gene expression 1199:1222 aberrant gene expression in neurological disease 1199:1246 Applying similar methods to additional models and patient tissues will transform our understanding of aberrant gene expression in neurological disease. 27097852 1 20 theme neurodegenerative 125:141 arg1 disease 143:149 neurodegenerative disease 125:149 neurodegenerative disease 125:149 A common approach to understanding neurodegenerative disease is comparing gene expression in diseased versus healthy tissues. 27097852 3 21 theme adult 544:548 arg1 brains 556:561 single adult mouse brains 537:561 single adult mouse brains 537:561 To accurately understand transcriptional changes that accompany neuropathology, we acutely purify neurons, astrocytes and microglia from single adult mouse brains and analyse their transcriptomes by RNA sequencing. 27097852 5 22 theme disease 855:861 arg1 model 863:867 an Alzheimer's disease model 840:867 an Alzheimer's disease model 840:867 Extending the method to an Alzheimer's disease model, we confirm that transcriptomic changes observed in whole tissue are driven primarily by cell type composition, not transcriptional regulation, and identify hundreds of cell type-specific changes undetected in whole tissue RNA. 27097852 6 23 theme additional 1125:1134 arg1 models 1136:1141 additional models 1125:1141 additional models 1125:1141 Applying similar methods to additional models and patient tissues will transform our understanding of aberrant gene expression in neurological disease. 27097852 2 24 theme tissue 274:279 arg1 RNA 281:283 whole tissue RNA 268:283 whole tissue RNA 268:283 We illustrate that expression profiles derived from whole tissue RNA highly reflect the degenerating tissues' altered cellular composition, not necessarily transcriptional regulation. 27097852 6 25 theme patient 1147:1153 arg1 tissues 1155:1161 patient tissues 1147:1161 patient tissues 1147:1161 Applying similar methods to additional models and patient tissues will transform our understanding of aberrant gene expression in neurological disease. 27097852 5 26 theme whole 921:925 arg1 tissue 927:932 whole tissue 921:932 whole tissue 921:932 Extending the method to an Alzheimer's disease model, we confirm that transcriptomic changes observed in whole tissue are driven primarily by cell type composition, not transcriptional regulation, and identify hundreds of cell type-specific changes undetected in whole tissue RNA. 27097852 0 27 theme neuroinflammatory 23:39 arg1 responses 79:87 the brain's neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative transcriptional responses 11:87 the brain's neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative transcriptional responses 11:87 Untangling the brain's neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative transcriptional responses. 27097852 2 28 theme whole 268:272 arg1 RNA 281:283 whole tissue RNA 268:283 whole tissue RNA 268:283 We illustrate that expression profiles derived from whole tissue RNA highly reflect the degenerating tissues' altered cellular composition, not necessarily transcriptional regulation. 27097852 6 29 from expression 1213:1222 arg1 disease 1240:1246 neurological disease 1227:1246 neurological disease 1227:1246 Applying similar methods to additional models and patient tissues will transform our understanding of aberrant gene expression in neurological disease. 27097852 4 30 theme RNA 733:735 arg1 processing 737:746 altered RNA processing 725:746 altered RNA processing 725:746 Using peripheral endotoxemia to establish the method, we reveal highly specific transcriptional responses and altered RNA processing in each cell type, with Tnfr1 required for the astrocytic response. 27097852 0 31 theme transcriptional 63:77 arg1 responses 79:87 the brain's neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative transcriptional responses 11:87 the brain's neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative transcriptional responses 11:87 Untangling the brain's neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative transcriptional responses. 27097852 5 32 theme cell 958:961 arg1 composition 968:978 cell type composition 958:978 cell type composition 958:978 Extending the method to an Alzheimer's disease model, we confirm that transcriptomic changes observed in whole tissue are driven primarily by cell type composition, not transcriptional regulation, and identify hundreds of cell type-specific changes undetected in whole tissue RNA. 27097852 6 33 theme aberrant 1199:1206 arg1 expression 1213:1222 aberrant gene expression 1199:1222 aberrant gene expression in neurological disease 1199:1246 Applying similar methods to additional models and patient tissues will transform our understanding of aberrant gene expression in neurological disease. 27097852 6 34 theme neurological 1227:1238 arg1 disease 1240:1246 neurological disease 1227:1246 neurological disease 1227:1246 Applying similar methods to additional models and patient tissues will transform our understanding of aberrant gene expression in neurological disease. 27097852 0 35 theme neurodegenerative 45:61 arg1 responses 79:87 the brain's neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative transcriptional responses 11:87 the brain's neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative transcriptional responses 11:87 Untangling the brain's neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative transcriptional responses. 27097852 4 36 theme peripheral 621:630 arg1 endotoxemia 632:642 peripheral endotoxemia 621:642 peripheral endotoxemia 621:642 Using peripheral endotoxemia to establish the method, we reveal highly specific transcriptional responses and altered RNA processing in each cell type, with Tnfr1 required for the astrocytic response. 27097852 5 37 located observed 909:916 arg2 changes 901:907 transcriptomic changes 886:907 transcriptomic changes observed in whole tissue 886:932 Extending the method to an Alzheimer's disease model, we confirm that transcriptomic changes observed in whole tissue are driven primarily by cell type composition, not transcriptional regulation, and identify hundreds of cell type-specific changes undetected in whole tissue RNA. 27097852 5 37 located observed 909:916 arg1 tissue 927:932 whole tissue 921:932 whole tissue 921:932 Extending the method to an Alzheimer's disease model, we confirm that transcriptomic changes observed in whole tissue are driven primarily by cell type composition, not transcriptional regulation, and identify hundreds of cell type-specific changes undetected in whole tissue RNA. 27097852 5 38 theme transcriptional 985:999 arg1 regulation 1001:1010 transcriptional regulation 985:1010 transcriptional regulation 985:1010 Extending the method to an Alzheimer's disease model, we confirm that transcriptomic changes observed in whole tissue are driven primarily by cell type composition, not transcriptional regulation, and identify hundreds of cell type-specific changes undetected in whole tissue RNA. 27097852 2 39 theme expression 235:244 arg1 profiles 246:253 expression profiles 235:253 expression profiles derived from whole tissue RNA highly 235:290 We illustrate that expression profiles derived from whole tissue RNA highly reflect the degenerating tissues' altered cellular composition, not necessarily transcriptional regulation. 27097852 6 40 theme similar 1106:1112 arg1 methods 1114:1120 similar methods 1106:1120 similar methods 1106:1120 Applying similar methods to additional models and patient tissues will transform our understanding of aberrant gene expression in neurological disease. 27097852 2 41 theme transcriptional 372:386 arg1 regulation 388:397 transcriptional regulation 372:397 transcriptional regulation 372:397 We illustrate that expression profiles derived from whole tissue RNA highly reflect the degenerating tissues' altered cellular composition, not necessarily transcriptional regulation. 27097852 4 42 theme specific 686:693 arg1 responses 711:719 highly specific transcriptional responses 679:719 highly specific transcriptional responses 679:719 Using peripheral endotoxemia to establish the method, we reveal highly specific transcriptional responses and altered RNA processing in each cell type, with Tnfr1 required for the astrocytic response. 27097852 2 43 theme degenerating 304:315 arg1 tissues 317:323 the degenerating tissues 300:323 the degenerating tissues' altered cellular composition, not necessarily transcriptional regulation 300:397 We illustrate that expression profiles derived from whole tissue RNA highly reflect the degenerating tissues' altered cellular composition, not necessarily transcriptional regulation. 27097852 5 44 theme whole 1079:1083 arg1 RNA 1092:1094 whole tissue RNA 1079:1094 whole tissue RNA 1079:1094 Extending the method to an Alzheimer's disease model, we confirm that transcriptomic changes observed in whole tissue are driven primarily by cell type composition, not transcriptional regulation, and identify hundreds of cell type-specific changes undetected in whole tissue RNA. 27097852 6 45 from understanding 1182:1194 arg1 disease 1240:1246 neurological disease 1227:1246 neurological disease 1227:1246 Applying similar methods to additional models and patient tissues will transform our understanding of aberrant gene expression in neurological disease. 27097852 1 46 theme gene 164:167 arg1 expression 169:178 gene expression 164:178 gene expression in diseased versus healthy tissues 164:213 A common approach to understanding neurodegenerative disease is comparing gene expression in diseased versus healthy tissues. 27097852 3 47 theme mouse 550:554 arg1 brains 556:561 single adult mouse brains 537:561 single adult mouse brains 537:561 To accurately understand transcriptional changes that accompany neuropathology, we acutely purify neurons, astrocytes and microglia from single adult mouse brains and analyse their transcriptomes by RNA sequencing. 27097852 5 48 theme type 963:966 arg1 composition 968:978 cell type composition 958:978 cell type composition 958:978 Extending the method to an Alzheimer's disease model, we confirm that transcriptomic changes observed in whole tissue are driven primarily by cell type composition, not transcriptional regulation, and identify hundreds of cell type-specific changes undetected in whole tissue RNA. 27097852 5 49 theme tissue 1085:1090 arg1 RNA 1092:1094 whole tissue RNA 1079:1094 whole tissue RNA 1079:1094 Extending the method to an Alzheimer's disease model, we confirm that transcriptomic changes observed in whole tissue are driven primarily by cell type composition, not transcriptional regulation, and identify hundreds of cell type-specific changes undetected in whole tissue RNA. 27097852 4 50 theme altered 725:731 arg1 processing 737:746 altered RNA processing 725:746 altered RNA processing 725:746 Using peripheral endotoxemia to establish the method, we reveal highly specific transcriptional responses and altered RNA processing in each cell type, with Tnfr1 required for the astrocytic response. 27097852 2 51 dep tissues 317:323 arg1 regulation 388:397 transcriptional regulation 372:397 transcriptional regulation 372:397 We illustrate that expression profiles derived from whole tissue RNA highly reflect the degenerating tissues' altered cellular composition, not necessarily transcriptional regulation. 27097852 2 51 dep tissues 317:323 arg1 composition 343:353 altered cellular composition 326:353 altered cellular composition 326:353 We illustrate that expression profiles derived from whole tissue RNA highly reflect the degenerating tissues' altered cellular composition, not necessarily transcriptional regulation. 27097852 3 52 theme RNA 599:601 arg1 sequencing 603:612 RNA sequencing 599:612 RNA sequencing 599:612 To accurately understand transcriptional changes that accompany neuropathology, we acutely purify neurons, astrocytes and microglia from single adult mouse brains and analyse their transcriptomes by RNA sequencing. 27097852 4 53 theme transcriptional 695:709 arg1 responses 711:719 highly specific transcriptional responses 679:719 highly specific transcriptional responses 679:719 Using peripheral endotoxemia to establish the method, we reveal highly specific transcriptional responses and altered RNA processing in each cell type, with Tnfr1 required for the astrocytic response. 29346345 6 0 from increase 1064:1071 arg1 frequencies 1128:1138 ILC3 frequencies 1123:1138 group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies 1076:1138 Absence of STING lead to decrease in induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and to increase in group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies and decrease in ILC2 in the colon. 29346345 6 0 from increase 1064:1071 arg1 ILC2 1156:1159 ILC2 1156:1159 ILC2 in the colon 1156:1172 Absence of STING lead to decrease in induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and to increase in group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies and decrease in ILC2 in the colon. 29346345 6 0 from increase 1064:1071 arg1 group 1076:1080 group 1 1076:1082 group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies 1076:1138 Absence of STING lead to decrease in induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and to increase in group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies and decrease in ILC2 in the colon. 29346345 4 1 from role 744:747 arg1 gut 769:771 gut 769:771 gut 769:771 Fecal content and microbiota DNA could activate STING, indicating a role of this molecule in gut. 29346345 1 2 theme cytosolic 139:147 arg1 sensor 149:154 a cytosolic sensor 137:154 a cytosolic sensor for cyclic dinucleotides 137:179 STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is a cytosolic sensor for cyclic dinucleotides and also an adaptor molecule for intracellular DNA receptors. 29346345 1 2 theme cytosolic 139:147 arg1 STING 95:99 STING 95:99 STING (stimulator of interferon genes) 95:132 STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is a cytosolic sensor for cyclic dinucleotides and also an adaptor molecule for intracellular DNA receptors. 29346345 6 3 dep group 1076:1080 arg1 ILC1 1106:1109 ILC1 1106:1109 ILC1 1106:1109 Absence of STING lead to decrease in induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and to increase in group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies and decrease in ILC2 in the colon. 29346345 6 3 dep group 1076:1080 arg1 cell 1100:1103 innate lymphoid cell 1084:1103 group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies 1076:1138 Absence of STING lead to decrease in induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and to increase in group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies and decrease in ILC2 in the colon. 29346345 9 4 theme gut 1600:1602 arg1 inflammation 1604:1615 gut inflammation 1600:1615 gut inflammation 1600:1615 Therefore, our results identify an important role of STING in maintaining gut homeostasis and also a protective effect in controlling gut inflammation. 29346345 3 5 theme intestinal 509:518 arg1 mucosa 520:525 intestinal mucosa 509:525 intestinal mucosa 509:525 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 3 6 theme decreased 538:546 arg1 number 548:553 decreased number 538:553 decreased number of goblet cells 538:569 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 6 7 from decrease 1144:1151 arg1 frequencies 1128:1138 ILC3 frequencies 1123:1138 group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies 1076:1138 Absence of STING lead to decrease in induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and to increase in group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies and decrease in ILC2 in the colon. 29346345 6 7 from decrease 1144:1151 arg1 group 1076:1080 group 1 1076:1082 group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies 1076:1138 Absence of STING lead to decrease in induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and to increase in group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies and decrease in ILC2 in the colon. 29346345 6 7 from decrease 1144:1151 arg1 ILC2 1156:1159 ILC2 1156:1159 ILC2 in the colon 1156:1172 Absence of STING lead to decrease in induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and to increase in group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies and decrease in ILC2 in the colon. 29346345 3 8 dep wild-type 655:663 arg1 WT 666:667 WT 666:667 WT 666:667 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 0 9 theme inflammation 81:92 arg1 control 70:76 control 70:76 control of inflammation 70:92 The cytosolic sensor STING is required for intestinal homeostasis and control of inflammation. 29346345 0 9 theme inflammation 81:92 arg1 homeostasis 54:64 intestinal homeostasis 43:64 intestinal homeostasis 43:64 The cytosolic sensor STING is required for intestinal homeostasis and control of inflammation. 29346345 7 10 theme Foxp3+ 1203:1208 arg1 function 1191:1198 function 1191:1198 function 1191:1198 Development and function of Foxp3+ and LAP+ regulatory T cells were also compromised in STING-/- mice. 29346345 7 10 theme Foxp3+ 1203:1208 arg1 Development 1175:1185 Development 1175:1185 Development 1175:1185 Development and function of Foxp3+ and LAP+ regulatory T cells were also compromised in STING-/- mice. 29346345 3 11 theme defective 474:482 arg1 production 589:598 diminished mucus production 572:598 diminished mucus production 572:598 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 3 11 theme defective 474:482 arg1 number 548:553 decreased number 538:553 decreased number of goblet cells 538:569 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 3 11 theme defective 474:482 arg1 levels 611:616 lower levels 605:616 lower levels of secretory IgA 605:633 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 3 11 theme defective 474:482 arg1 mechanisms 495:504 defective protective mechanisms 474:504 defective protective mechanisms 474:504 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 3 12 theme STING-/- 450:457 arg1 mice 459:462 STING-/- mice 450:462 STING-/- mice 450:462 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 2 13 theme important 262:270 arg1 functions 272:280 important functions 262:280 important functions 262:280 Although STING has important functions in the host defense against pathogens and in autoimmune diseases, its physiological relevance in intestinal homeostasis is largely unknown. 29346345 6 14 theme induced 1015:1021 arg1 IEL 1052:1054 IEL 1052:1054 IEL 1052:1054 Absence of STING lead to decrease in induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and to increase in group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies and decrease in ILC2 in the colon. 29346345 6 14 theme induced 1015:1021 arg1 lymphocytes 1039:1049 induced intraepithelial lymphocytes 1015:1049 induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) 1015:1055 Absence of STING lead to decrease in induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and to increase in group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies and decrease in ILC2 in the colon. 29346345 5 15 theme Allobacolum 892:902 arg1 groups 924:929 the Allobacolum and Bifidobacterium groups 888:929 groups 924:929 Microbiota composition was altered in STING-/- mice toward a more inflammatory profile, evidencing a reduction in the Allobacolum and Bifidobacterium groups along with increase in Disulfovibrio bacteria. 29346345 2 16 theme intestinal 379:388 arg1 homeostasis 390:400 intestinal homeostasis 379:400 intestinal homeostasis 379:400 Although STING has important functions in the host defense against pathogens and in autoimmune diseases, its physiological relevance in intestinal homeostasis is largely unknown. 29346345 0 17 theme cytosolic 4:12 arg1 STING 21:25 The cytosolic sensor STING 0:25 The cytosolic sensor STING 0:25 The cytosolic sensor STING is required for intestinal homeostasis and control of inflammation. 29346345 8 18 theme sulfate-induced 1341:1355 arg1 colitis 1357:1363 dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis 1326:1363 dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis 1326:1363 Moreover, these mice were highly susceptible to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, T-cell-induced colitis, and enteric Salmonella typhimurium infection when compared with WT animals. 29346345 6 19 from decrease 1003:1010 arg1 IEL 1052:1054 IEL 1052:1054 IEL 1052:1054 Absence of STING lead to decrease in induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and to increase in group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies and decrease in ILC2 in the colon. 29346345 6 19 from decrease 1003:1010 arg1 lymphocytes 1039:1049 induced intraepithelial lymphocytes 1015:1049 induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) 1015:1055 Absence of STING lead to decrease in induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and to increase in group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies and decrease in ILC2 in the colon. 29346345 3 20 theme cells 565:569 arg1 production 589:598 diminished mucus production 572:598 diminished mucus production 572:598 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 3 20 theme cells 565:569 arg1 number 548:553 decreased number 538:553 decreased number of goblet cells 538:569 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 3 20 theme cells 565:569 arg1 levels 611:616 lower levels 605:616 lower levels of secretory IgA 605:633 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 1 21 theme cyclic 160:165 arg1 dinucleotides 167:179 cyclic dinucleotides 160:179 cyclic dinucleotides 160:179 STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is a cytosolic sensor for cyclic dinucleotides and also an adaptor molecule for intracellular DNA receptors. 29346345 2 22 contain has 258:260 arg2 functions 272:280 important functions 262:280 important functions 262:280 Although STING has important functions in the host defense against pathogens and in autoimmune diseases, its physiological relevance in intestinal homeostasis is largely unknown. 29346345 2 22 contain has 258:260 arg1 STING 252:256 STING 252:256 STING 252:256 Although STING has important functions in the host defense against pathogens and in autoimmune diseases, its physiological relevance in intestinal homeostasis is largely unknown. 29346345 9 23 theme STING 1519:1523 arg1 role 1511:1514 an important role 1498:1514 an important role of STING in maintaining gut homeostasis 1498:1554 Therefore, our results identify an important role of STING in maintaining gut homeostasis and also a protective effect in controlling gut inflammation. 29346345 9 23 theme STING 1519:1523 arg1 effect 1578:1583 a protective effect 1565:1583 a protective effect 1565:1583 Therefore, our results identify an important role of STING in maintaining gut homeostasis and also a protective effect in controlling gut inflammation. 29346345 8 24 theme typhimurium 1413:1423 arg1 infection 1425:1433 enteric Salmonella typhimurium infection 1394:1433 enteric Salmonella typhimurium infection 1394:1433 Moreover, these mice were highly susceptible to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, T-cell-induced colitis, and enteric Salmonella typhimurium infection when compared with WT animals. 29346345 5 25 theme Microbiota 774:783 arg1 composition 785:795 Microbiota composition 774:795 Microbiota composition 774:795 Microbiota composition was altered in STING-/- mice toward a more inflammatory profile, evidencing a reduction in the Allobacolum and Bifidobacterium groups along with increase in Disulfovibrio bacteria. 29346345 5 26 dep along 931:935 arg1 with 937:940 with 937:940 with 937:940 Microbiota composition was altered in STING-/- mice toward a more inflammatory profile, evidencing a reduction in the Allobacolum and Bifidobacterium groups along with increase in Disulfovibrio bacteria. 29346345 5 27 from reduction 875:883 arg1 groups 924:929 the Allobacolum and Bifidobacterium groups 888:929 groups 924:929 Microbiota composition was altered in STING-/- mice toward a more inflammatory profile, evidencing a reduction in the Allobacolum and Bifidobacterium groups along with increase in Disulfovibrio bacteria. 29346345 2 28 theme host 289:292 arg1 defense 294:300 the host defense 285:300 the host defense against pathogens 285:318 Although STING has important functions in the host defense against pathogens and in autoimmune diseases, its physiological relevance in intestinal homeostasis is largely unknown. 29346345 6 29 theme intraepithelial 1023:1037 arg1 IEL 1052:1054 IEL 1052:1054 IEL 1052:1054 Absence of STING lead to decrease in induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and to increase in group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies and decrease in ILC2 in the colon. 29346345 6 29 theme intraepithelial 1023:1037 arg1 lymphocytes 1039:1049 induced intraepithelial lymphocytes 1015:1049 induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) 1015:1055 Absence of STING lead to decrease in induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and to increase in group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies and decrease in ILC2 in the colon. 29346345 0 30 theme sensor 14:19 arg1 STING 21:25 The cytosolic sensor STING 0:25 The cytosolic sensor STING 0:25 The cytosolic sensor STING is required for intestinal homeostasis and control of inflammation. 29346345 3 31 theme goblet 558:563 arg1 cells 565:569 goblet cells 558:569 goblet cells 558:569 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 1 32 dep STING 95:99 arg1 stimulator 102:111 stimulator 102:111 stimulator of interferon genes 102:131 STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is a cytosolic sensor for cyclic dinucleotides and also an adaptor molecule for intracellular DNA receptors. 29346345 7 33 theme T 1230:1230 arg1 cells 1232:1236 LAP+ regulatory T cells 1214:1236 LAP+ regulatory T cells 1214:1236 Development and function of Foxp3+ and LAP+ regulatory T cells were also compromised in STING-/- mice. 29346345 4 34 theme Fecal 676:680 arg1 content 682:688 Fecal content 676:688 Fecal content 676:688 Fecal content and microbiota DNA could activate STING, indicating a role of this molecule in gut. 29346345 6 35 theme innate 1084:1089 arg1 ILC1 1106:1109 ILC1 1106:1109 ILC1 1106:1109 Absence of STING lead to decrease in induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and to increase in group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies and decrease in ILC2 in the colon. 29346345 6 35 theme innate 1084:1089 arg1 cell 1100:1103 innate lymphoid cell 1084:1103 group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies 1076:1138 Absence of STING lead to decrease in induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and to increase in group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies and decrease in ILC2 in the colon. 29346345 7 36 theme regulatory 1219:1228 arg1 cells 1232:1236 LAP+ regulatory T cells 1214:1236 LAP+ regulatory T cells 1214:1236 Development and function of Foxp3+ and LAP+ regulatory T cells were also compromised in STING-/- mice. 29346345 8 37 theme dextran 1326:1332 arg1 colitis 1357:1363 dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis 1326:1363 dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis 1326:1363 Moreover, these mice were highly susceptible to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, T-cell-induced colitis, and enteric Salmonella typhimurium infection when compared with WT animals. 29346345 3 38 theme secretory 621:629 arg1 IgA 631:633 secretory IgA 621:633 secretory IgA 621:633 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 6 39 theme STING 989:993 arg1 Absence 978:984 Absence 978:984 Absence of STING 978:993 Absence of STING lead to decrease in induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and to increase in group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies and decrease in ILC2 in the colon. 29346345 9 40 theme protective 1567:1576 arg1 effect 1578:1583 a protective effect 1565:1583 a protective effect 1565:1583 Therefore, our results identify an important role of STING in maintaining gut homeostasis and also a protective effect in controlling gut inflammation. 29346345 1 41 theme adaptor 193:199 arg1 molecule 201:208 an adaptor molecule 190:208 an adaptor molecule for intracellular DNA receptors 190:240 STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is a cytosolic sensor for cyclic dinucleotides and also an adaptor molecule for intracellular DNA receptors. 29346345 0 42 theme intestinal 43:52 arg1 homeostasis 54:64 intestinal homeostasis 43:64 intestinal homeostasis 43:64 The cytosolic sensor STING is required for intestinal homeostasis and control of inflammation. 29346345 5 43 theme inflammatory 840:851 arg1 profile 853:859 a more inflammatory profile 833:859 a more inflammatory profile 833:859 Microbiota composition was altered in STING-/- mice toward a more inflammatory profile, evidencing a reduction in the Allobacolum and Bifidobacterium groups along with increase in Disulfovibrio bacteria. 29346345 3 44 theme IgA 631:633 arg1 production 589:598 diminished mucus production 572:598 diminished mucus production 572:598 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 3 44 theme IgA 631:633 arg1 number 548:553 decreased number 538:553 decreased number of goblet cells 538:569 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 3 44 theme IgA 631:633 arg1 levels 611:616 lower levels 605:616 lower levels of secretory IgA 605:633 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 3 45 theme diminished 572:581 arg1 production 589:598 diminished mucus production 572:598 diminished mucus production 572:598 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 2 46 from relevance 366:374 arg1 homeostasis 390:400 intestinal homeostasis 379:400 intestinal homeostasis 379:400 Although STING has important functions in the host defense against pathogens and in autoimmune diseases, its physiological relevance in intestinal homeostasis is largely unknown. 29346345 2 47 theme autoimmune 327:336 arg1 diseases 338:345 autoimmune diseases 327:345 autoimmune diseases 327:345 Although STING has important functions in the host defense against pathogens and in autoimmune diseases, its physiological relevance in intestinal homeostasis is largely unknown. 29346345 8 48 theme WT 1454:1455 arg1 animals 1457:1463 WT animals 1454:1463 WT animals 1454:1463 Moreover, these mice were highly susceptible to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, T-cell-induced colitis, and enteric Salmonella typhimurium infection when compared with WT animals. 29346345 8 49 theme sodium 1334:1339 arg1 colitis 1357:1363 dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis 1326:1363 dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis 1326:1363 Moreover, these mice were highly susceptible to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, T-cell-induced colitis, and enteric Salmonella typhimurium infection when compared with WT animals. 29346345 3 50 theme wild-type 655:663 arg1 mice 670:673 wild-type (WT) mice 655:673 wild-type (WT) mice 655:673 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 3 51 theme mucus 583:587 arg1 production 589:598 diminished mucus production 572:598 diminished mucus production 572:598 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 7 52 theme STING-/- 1263:1270 arg1 mice 1272:1275 STING-/- mice 1263:1275 STING-/- mice 1263:1275 Development and function of Foxp3+ and LAP+ regulatory T cells were also compromised in STING-/- mice. 29346345 3 53 theme protective 484:493 arg1 production 589:598 diminished mucus production 572:598 diminished mucus production 572:598 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 3 53 theme protective 484:493 arg1 number 548:553 decreased number 538:553 decreased number of goblet cells 538:569 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 3 53 theme protective 484:493 arg1 levels 611:616 lower levels 605:616 lower levels of secretory IgA 605:633 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 3 53 theme protective 484:493 arg1 mechanisms 495:504 defective protective mechanisms 474:504 defective protective mechanisms 474:504 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 4 54 theme molecule 757:764 arg1 role 744:747 a role 742:747 a role of this molecule in gut 742:771 Fecal content and microbiota DNA could activate STING, indicating a role of this molecule in gut. 29346345 5 55 theme Disulfovibrio 954:966 arg1 bacteria 968:975 Disulfovibrio bacteria 954:975 Disulfovibrio bacteria 954:975 Microbiota composition was altered in STING-/- mice toward a more inflammatory profile, evidencing a reduction in the Allobacolum and Bifidobacterium groups along with increase in Disulfovibrio bacteria. 29346345 9 56 theme gut 1540:1542 arg1 homeostasis 1544:1554 gut homeostasis 1540:1554 gut homeostasis 1540:1554 Therefore, our results identify an important role of STING in maintaining gut homeostasis and also a protective effect in controlling gut inflammation. 29346345 1 57 theme interferon 116:125 arg1 genes 127:131 interferon genes 116:131 interferon genes 116:131 STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is a cytosolic sensor for cyclic dinucleotides and also an adaptor molecule for intracellular DNA receptors. 29346345 5 58 theme Bifidobacterium 908:922 arg1 groups 924:929 the Allobacolum and Bifidobacterium groups 888:929 groups 924:929 Microbiota composition was altered in STING-/- mice toward a more inflammatory profile, evidencing a reduction in the Allobacolum and Bifidobacterium groups along with increase in Disulfovibrio bacteria. 29346345 9 59 theme important 1501:1509 arg1 role 1511:1514 an important role 1498:1514 an important role of STING in maintaining gut homeostasis 1498:1554 Therefore, our results identify an important role of STING in maintaining gut homeostasis and also a protective effect in controlling gut inflammation. 29346345 7 60 theme LAP+ 1214:1217 arg1 cells 1232:1236 LAP+ regulatory T cells 1214:1236 LAP+ regulatory T cells 1214:1236 Development and function of Foxp3+ and LAP+ regulatory T cells were also compromised in STING-/- mice. 29346345 6 61 theme ILC3 1123:1126 arg1 frequencies 1128:1138 ILC3 frequencies 1123:1138 group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies 1076:1138 Absence of STING lead to decrease in induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and to increase in group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies and decrease in ILC2 in the colon. 29346345 1 62 theme genes 127:131 arg1 stimulator 102:111 stimulator 102:111 stimulator of interferon genes 102:131 STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is a cytosolic sensor for cyclic dinucleotides and also an adaptor molecule for intracellular DNA receptors. 29346345 6 63 theme lymphoid 1091:1098 arg1 ILC1 1106:1109 ILC1 1106:1109 ILC1 1106:1109 Absence of STING lead to decrease in induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and to increase in group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies and decrease in ILC2 in the colon. 29346345 6 63 theme lymphoid 1091:1098 arg1 cell 1100:1103 innate lymphoid cell 1084:1103 group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies 1076:1138 Absence of STING lead to decrease in induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and to increase in group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies and decrease in ILC2 in the colon. 29346345 4 64 theme microbiota 694:703 arg1 DNA 705:707 microbiota DNA 694:707 microbiota DNA 694:707 Fecal content and microbiota DNA could activate STING, indicating a role of this molecule in gut. 29346345 8 65 theme enteric 1394:1400 arg1 infection 1425:1433 enteric Salmonella typhimurium infection 1394:1433 enteric Salmonella typhimurium infection 1394:1433 Moreover, these mice were highly susceptible to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, T-cell-induced colitis, and enteric Salmonella typhimurium infection when compared with WT animals. 29346345 5 66 theme STING-/- 812:819 arg1 mice 821:824 STING-/- mice 812:824 STING-/- mice toward a more inflammatory profile 812:859 Microbiota composition was altered in STING-/- mice toward a more inflammatory profile, evidencing a reduction in the Allobacolum and Bifidobacterium groups along with increase in Disulfovibrio bacteria. 29346345 8 67 theme T-cell-induced 1366:1379 arg1 colitis 1381:1387 T-cell-induced colitis 1366:1387 T-cell-induced colitis 1366:1387 Moreover, these mice were highly susceptible to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, T-cell-induced colitis, and enteric Salmonella typhimurium infection when compared with WT animals. 29346345 7 68 theme cells 1232:1236 arg1 function 1191:1198 function 1191:1198 function 1191:1198 Development and function of Foxp3+ and LAP+ regulatory T cells were also compromised in STING-/- mice. 29346345 7 68 theme cells 1232:1236 arg1 Development 1175:1185 Development 1175:1185 Development 1175:1185 Development and function of Foxp3+ and LAP+ regulatory T cells were also compromised in STING-/- mice. 29346345 2 69 theme physiological 352:364 arg1 relevance 366:374 its physiological relevance 348:374 its physiological relevance in intestinal homeostasis 348:400 Although STING has important functions in the host defense against pathogens and in autoimmune diseases, its physiological relevance in intestinal homeostasis is largely unknown. 29346345 6 70 from ILC2 1156:1159 arg1 colon 1168:1172 the colon 1164:1172 the colon 1164:1172 Absence of STING lead to decrease in induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and to increase in group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies and decrease in ILC2 in the colon. 29346345 1 71 theme intracellular 214:226 arg1 receptors 232:240 intracellular DNA receptors 214:240 intracellular DNA receptors 214:240 STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is a cytosolic sensor for cyclic dinucleotides and also an adaptor molecule for intracellular DNA receptors. 29346345 3 72 theme lower 605:609 arg1 levels 611:616 lower levels 605:616 lower levels of secretory IgA 605:633 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 3 73 theme mucosa 520:525 arg1 production 589:598 diminished mucus production 572:598 diminished mucus production 572:598 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 3 73 theme mucosa 520:525 arg1 number 548:553 decreased number 538:553 decreased number of goblet cells 538:569 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 3 73 theme mucosa 520:525 arg1 levels 611:616 lower levels 605:616 lower levels of secretory IgA 605:633 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 3 73 theme mucosa 520:525 arg1 mechanisms 495:504 defective protective mechanisms 474:504 defective protective mechanisms 474:504 In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. 29346345 5 74 from increase 942:949 arg1 bacteria 968:975 Disulfovibrio bacteria 954:975 Disulfovibrio bacteria 954:975 Microbiota composition was altered in STING-/- mice toward a more inflammatory profile, evidencing a reduction in the Allobacolum and Bifidobacterium groups along with increase in Disulfovibrio bacteria. 29346345 1 75 theme DNA 228:230 arg1 receptors 232:240 intracellular DNA receptors 214:240 intracellular DNA receptors 214:240 STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is a cytosolic sensor for cyclic dinucleotides and also an adaptor molecule for intracellular DNA receptors. 27247978 3 0 theme present 330:336 arg1 study 338:342 The present study 326:342 The present study 326:342 The present study aims to investigate whether nucleotides ameliorate alcoholic liver injury and explores the possible mechanism. 27247978 5 1 theme nucleotide-supplemented 670:692 arg1 diet 709:712 a nucleotide-supplemented AIN-93G rodent diet 668:712 a nucleotide-supplemented AIN-93G rodent diet 668:712 Two subgroups of alcohol-treated rats were fed with a nucleotide-supplemented AIN-93G rodent diet. 27247978 4 2 theme distilled 503:511 arg1 water 513:517 equivalent distilled water 492:517 equivalent distilled water 492:517 Male Wistar rats were given alcohol, equivalent distilled water or an isocaloric amount of dextrose intragastrically twice daily for up to 6 weeks respectively. 27247978 9 3 theme factor-κB 1331:1339 arg1 p65 1341:1343 nuclear factor-κB p65 1323:1343 nuclear factor-κB p65 1323:1343 Moreover, nucleotide treatment inhibited the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4, CD14 and repressed the phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa Bα and nuclear factor-κB p65 in the liver. 27247978 5 4 theme AIN-93G 694:700 arg1 diet 709:712 a nucleotide-supplemented AIN-93G rodent diet 668:712 a nucleotide-supplemented AIN-93G rodent diet 668:712 Two subgroups of alcohol-treated rats were fed with a nucleotide-supplemented AIN-93G rodent diet. 27247978 9 5 theme nucleotide 1179:1188 arg1 treatment 1190:1198 nucleotide treatment 1179:1198 nucleotide treatment 1179:1198 Moreover, nucleotide treatment inhibited the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4, CD14 and repressed the phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa Bα and nuclear factor-κB p65 in the liver. 27247978 8 6 theme Bacteroidetes 1128:1140 arg1 abundance 1079:1087 a higher abundance 1070:1087 a higher abundance of Firmicutes 1070:1101 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed that nucleotide-treated rats showed a higher abundance of Firmicutes and a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes than alcohol-treated rats. 27247978 8 6 theme Bacteroidetes 1128:1140 arg1 abundance 1115:1123 a lower abundance 1107:1123 a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes 1107:1140 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed that nucleotide-treated rats showed a higher abundance of Firmicutes and a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes than alcohol-treated rats. 27247978 11 7 theme 4-nuclear 1559:1567 arg1 signaling 1583:1591 toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling 1540:1591 lipopolysaccharide - toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling in the liver 1519:1604 The partial inhibition of lipopolysaccharide - toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling in the liver may be attributed to this mechanism. 27247978 11 8 from signaling 1583:1591 arg1 liver 1600:1604 the liver 1596:1604 the liver 1596:1604 The partial inhibition of lipopolysaccharide - toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling in the liver may be attributed to this mechanism. 27247978 5 9 theme rodent 702:707 arg1 diet 709:712 a nucleotide-supplemented AIN-93G rodent diet 668:712 a nucleotide-supplemented AIN-93G rodent diet 668:712 Two subgroups of alcohol-treated rats were fed with a nucleotide-supplemented AIN-93G rodent diet. 27247978 8 10 theme Firmicutes 1092:1101 arg1 abundance 1079:1087 a higher abundance 1070:1087 a higher abundance of Firmicutes 1070:1101 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed that nucleotide-treated rats showed a higher abundance of Firmicutes and a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes than alcohol-treated rats. 27247978 8 10 theme Firmicutes 1092:1101 arg1 abundance 1115:1123 a lower abundance 1107:1123 a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes 1107:1140 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed that nucleotide-treated rats showed a higher abundance of Firmicutes and a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes than alcohol-treated rats. 27247978 7 11 theme inflammatory 966:977 arg1 levels 988:993 inflammatory cytokine levels 966:993 inflammatory cytokine levels 966:993 We found that nucleotides could significantly decrease serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, plasma lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory cytokine levels. 27247978 8 12 theme 16S 1010:1012 arg1 genes 1019:1023 16S rRNA genes 1010:1023 16S rRNA genes 1010:1023 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed that nucleotide-treated rats showed a higher abundance of Firmicutes and a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes than alcohol-treated rats. 27247978 0 13 theme gut 102:104 arg1 microbiota 106:115 gut microbiota 102:115 gut microbiota in rats 102:123 Dietary nucleotides protect against alcoholic liver injury by attenuating inflammation and regulating gut microbiota in rats. 27247978 4 14 dep 6 594:594 arg1 to 591:592 to 591:592 to 591:592 Male Wistar rats were given alcohol, equivalent distilled water or an isocaloric amount of dextrose intragastrically twice daily for up to 6 weeks respectively. 27247978 10 15 theme alcoholic 1469:1477 arg1 injury 1485:1490 alcoholic liver injury 1469:1490 alcoholic liver injury 1469:1490 These results suggested that nucleotides suppressed the inflammatory response and regulated gut microbiota in alcoholic liver injury. 27247978 5 16 theme alcohol-treated 633:647 arg1 rats 649:652 alcohol-treated rats 633:652 alcohol-treated rats 633:652 Two subgroups of alcohol-treated rats were fed with a nucleotide-supplemented AIN-93G rodent diet. 27247978 2 17 theme liver 296:300 arg1 injury 302:307 alcoholic liver injury 286:307 alcoholic liver injury 286:307 However, the protective effect of nucleotides against alcoholic liver injury remains unknown. 27247978 6 18 theme microbiota 757:766 arg1 composition 768:778 microbiota composition 757:778 microbiota composition of the caecum content 757:800 Serum enzymes, inflammatory cytokines and microbiota composition of the caecum content were evaluated. 27247978 11 19 theme toll-like 1540:1548 arg1 signaling 1583:1591 toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling 1540:1591 lipopolysaccharide - toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling in the liver 1519:1604 The partial inhibition of lipopolysaccharide - toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling in the liver may be attributed to this mechanism. 27247978 4 20 theme equivalent 492:501 arg1 water 513:517 equivalent distilled water 492:517 equivalent distilled water 492:517 Male Wistar rats were given alcohol, equivalent distilled water or an isocaloric amount of dextrose intragastrically twice daily for up to 6 weeks respectively. 27247978 10 21 theme inflammatory 1415:1426 arg1 response 1428:1435 the inflammatory response 1411:1435 the inflammatory response 1411:1435 These results suggested that nucleotides suppressed the inflammatory response and regulated gut microbiota in alcoholic liver injury. 27247978 5 22 theme rats 649:652 arg1 subgroups 620:628 Two subgroups 616:628 Two subgroups of alcohol-treated rats 616:652 Two subgroups of alcohol-treated rats were fed with a nucleotide-supplemented AIN-93G rodent diet. 27247978 2 23 theme alcoholic 286:294 arg1 injury 302:307 alcoholic liver injury 286:307 alcoholic liver injury 286:307 However, the protective effect of nucleotides against alcoholic liver injury remains unknown. 27247978 11 24 theme receptor 1550:1557 arg1 signaling 1583:1591 toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling 1540:1591 lipopolysaccharide - toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling in the liver 1519:1604 The partial inhibition of lipopolysaccharide - toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling in the liver may be attributed to this mechanism. 27247978 3 25 theme possible 435:442 arg1 mechanism 444:452 the possible mechanism 431:452 the possible mechanism 431:452 The present study aims to investigate whether nucleotides ameliorate alcoholic liver injury and explores the possible mechanism. 27247978 11 26 theme p65 1579:1581 arg1 signaling 1583:1591 toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling 1540:1591 lipopolysaccharide - toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling in the liver 1519:1604 The partial inhibition of lipopolysaccharide - toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling in the liver may be attributed to this mechanism. 27247978 9 27 from phosphorylation 1281:1295 arg1 liver 1352:1356 the liver 1348:1356 the liver 1348:1356 Moreover, nucleotide treatment inhibited the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4, CD14 and repressed the phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa Bα and nuclear factor-κB p65 in the liver. 27247978 9 28 theme nuclear 1323:1329 arg1 p65 1341:1343 nuclear factor-κB p65 1323:1343 nuclear factor-κB p65 1323:1343 Moreover, nucleotide treatment inhibited the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4, CD14 and repressed the phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa Bα and nuclear factor-κB p65 in the liver. 27247978 6 29 theme inflammatory 730:741 arg1 cytokines 743:751 inflammatory cytokines 730:751 inflammatory cytokines 730:751 Serum enzymes, inflammatory cytokines and microbiota composition of the caecum content were evaluated. 27247978 1 30 theme liver 188:192 arg1 damage 194:199 liver damage 188:199 liver damage 188:199 Nucleotides have been reported to be effective in attenuating liver damage and regulating gut microbiota. 27247978 0 31 theme Dietary 0:6 arg1 nucleotides 8:18 Dietary nucleotides 0:18 Dietary nucleotides 0:18 Dietary nucleotides protect against alcoholic liver injury by attenuating inflammation and regulating gut microbiota in rats. 27247978 8 32 theme higher 1072:1077 arg1 abundance 1079:1087 a higher abundance 1070:1087 a higher abundance of Firmicutes 1070:1101 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed that nucleotide-treated rats showed a higher abundance of Firmicutes and a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes than alcohol-treated rats. 27247978 9 33 theme protein 1214:1220 arg1 expression 1222:1231 the protein expression 1210:1231 the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4, CD14 1210:1261 Moreover, nucleotide treatment inhibited the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4, CD14 and repressed the phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa Bα and nuclear factor-κB p65 in the liver. 27247978 3 34 theme alcoholic 395:403 arg1 injury 411:416 alcoholic liver injury 395:416 alcoholic liver injury 395:416 The present study aims to investigate whether nucleotides ameliorate alcoholic liver injury and explores the possible mechanism. 27247978 7 35 theme serum 873:877 arg1 aminotransferase 887:902 serum alanine aminotransferase 873:902 serum alanine aminotransferase 873:902 We found that nucleotides could significantly decrease serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, plasma lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory cytokine levels. 27247978 8 36 theme lower 1109:1113 arg1 abundance 1115:1123 a lower abundance 1107:1123 a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes 1107:1140 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed that nucleotide-treated rats showed a higher abundance of Firmicutes and a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes than alcohol-treated rats. 27247978 9 37 theme inhibitor 1300:1308 arg1 Bα 1316:1317 inhibitor kappa Bα 1300:1317 inhibitor kappa Bα 1300:1317 Moreover, nucleotide treatment inhibited the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4, CD14 and repressed the phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa Bα and nuclear factor-κB p65 in the liver. 27247978 7 38 theme aspartate 908:916 arg1 aminotransferase 918:933 aspartate aminotransferase 908:933 aspartate aminotransferase 908:933 We found that nucleotides could significantly decrease serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, plasma lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory cytokine levels. 27247978 3 39 theme liver 405:409 arg1 injury 411:416 alcoholic liver injury 395:416 alcoholic liver injury 395:416 The present study aims to investigate whether nucleotides ameliorate alcoholic liver injury and explores the possible mechanism. 27247978 6 40 theme Serum 715:719 arg1 enzymes 721:727 Serum enzymes 715:727 Serum enzymes 715:727 Serum enzymes, inflammatory cytokines and microbiota composition of the caecum content were evaluated. 27247978 10 41 theme gut 1451:1453 arg1 microbiota 1455:1464 gut microbiota 1451:1464 gut microbiota in alcoholic liver injury 1451:1490 These results suggested that nucleotides suppressed the inflammatory response and regulated gut microbiota in alcoholic liver injury. 27247978 0 42 theme liver 46:50 arg1 injury 52:57 alcoholic liver injury 36:57 alcoholic liver injury 36:57 Dietary nucleotides protect against alcoholic liver injury by attenuating inflammation and regulating gut microbiota in rats. 27247978 11 43 dep lipopolysaccharide 1519:1536 arg1 signaling 1583:1591 toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling 1540:1591 lipopolysaccharide - toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling in the liver 1519:1604 The partial inhibition of lipopolysaccharide - toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling in the liver may be attributed to this mechanism. 27247978 9 44 theme toll-like 1236:1244 arg1 receptor 1246:1253 toll-like receptor 4 1236:1255 toll-like receptor 4 1236:1255 Moreover, nucleotide treatment inhibited the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4, CD14 and repressed the phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa Bα and nuclear factor-κB p65 in the liver. 27247978 9 44 theme toll-like 1236:1244 arg1 CD14 1258:1261 CD14 1258:1261 CD14 1258:1261 Moreover, nucleotide treatment inhibited the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4, CD14 and repressed the phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa Bα and nuclear factor-κB p65 in the liver. 27247978 1 45 theme gut 216:218 arg1 microbiota 220:229 gut microbiota 216:229 gut microbiota 216:229 Nucleotides have been reported to be effective in attenuating liver damage and regulating gut microbiota. 27247978 0 46 theme alcoholic 36:44 arg1 injury 52:57 alcoholic liver injury 36:57 alcoholic liver injury 36:57 Dietary nucleotides protect against alcoholic liver injury by attenuating inflammation and regulating gut microbiota in rats. 27247978 11 47 theme partial 1497:1503 arg1 inhibition 1505:1514 The partial inhibition 1493:1514 The partial inhibition of lipopolysaccharide - toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling in the liver 1493:1604 The partial inhibition of lipopolysaccharide - toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling in the liver may be attributed to this mechanism. 27247978 9 48 theme receptor 1246:1253 arg1 expression 1222:1231 the protein expression 1210:1231 the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4, CD14 1210:1261 Moreover, nucleotide treatment inhibited the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4, CD14 and repressed the phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa Bα and nuclear factor-κB p65 in the liver. 27247978 7 49 theme plasma 936:941 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 943:960 plasma lipopolysaccharide 936:960 plasma lipopolysaccharide 936:960 We found that nucleotides could significantly decrease serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, plasma lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory cytokine levels. 27247978 9 50 theme Bα 1316:1317 arg1 phosphorylation 1281:1295 the phosphorylation 1277:1295 the phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa Bα and nuclear factor-κB p65 in the liver 1277:1356 Moreover, nucleotide treatment inhibited the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4, CD14 and repressed the phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa Bα and nuclear factor-κB p65 in the liver. 27247978 4 51 theme dextrose 546:553 arg1 water 513:517 equivalent distilled water 492:517 equivalent distilled water 492:517 Male Wistar rats were given alcohol, equivalent distilled water or an isocaloric amount of dextrose intragastrically twice daily for up to 6 weeks respectively. 27247978 4 51 theme dextrose 546:553 arg1 amount 536:541 an isocaloric amount 522:541 an isocaloric amount of dextrose 522:553 Male Wistar rats were given alcohol, equivalent distilled water or an isocaloric amount of dextrose intragastrically twice daily for up to 6 weeks respectively. 27247978 4 51 theme dextrose 546:553 arg1 dextrose 546:553 dextrose 546:553 dextrose 546:553 Male Wistar rats were given alcohol, equivalent distilled water or an isocaloric amount of dextrose intragastrically twice daily for up to 6 weeks respectively. 27247978 4 51 theme dextrose 546:553 arg1 alcohol 483:489 alcohol 483:489 alcohol 483:489 Male Wistar rats were given alcohol, equivalent distilled water or an isocaloric amount of dextrose intragastrically twice daily for up to 6 weeks respectively. 27247978 9 52 theme kappa 1310:1314 arg1 Bα 1316:1317 inhibitor kappa Bα 1300:1317 inhibitor kappa Bα 1300:1317 Moreover, nucleotide treatment inhibited the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4, CD14 and repressed the phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa Bα and nuclear factor-κB p65 in the liver. 27247978 8 53 theme rRNA 1014:1017 arg1 genes 1019:1023 16S rRNA genes 1010:1023 16S rRNA genes 1010:1023 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed that nucleotide-treated rats showed a higher abundance of Firmicutes and a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes than alcohol-treated rats. 27247978 4 54 theme Male 455:458 arg1 rats 467:470 Male Wistar rats 455:470 Male Wistar rats 455:470 Male Wistar rats were given alcohol, equivalent distilled water or an isocaloric amount of dextrose intragastrically twice daily for up to 6 weeks respectively. 27247978 8 55 theme alcohol-treated 1147:1161 arg1 rats 1163:1166 alcohol-treated rats 1147:1166 alcohol-treated rats 1147:1166 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed that nucleotide-treated rats showed a higher abundance of Firmicutes and a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes than alcohol-treated rats. 27247978 9 56 theme p65 1341:1343 arg1 phosphorylation 1281:1295 the phosphorylation 1277:1295 the phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa Bα and nuclear factor-κB p65 in the liver 1277:1356 Moreover, nucleotide treatment inhibited the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4, CD14 and repressed the phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa Bα and nuclear factor-κB p65 in the liver. 27247978 2 57 theme nucleotides 266:276 arg1 effect 256:261 the protective effect 241:261 the protective effect of nucleotides against alcoholic liver injury 241:307 However, the protective effect of nucleotides against alcoholic liver injury remains unknown. 27247978 6 58 theme content 794:800 arg1 enzymes 721:727 Serum enzymes 715:727 Serum enzymes 715:727 Serum enzymes, inflammatory cytokines and microbiota composition of the caecum content were evaluated. 27247978 6 58 theme content 794:800 arg1 cytokines 743:751 inflammatory cytokines 730:751 inflammatory cytokines 730:751 Serum enzymes, inflammatory cytokines and microbiota composition of the caecum content were evaluated. 27247978 6 58 theme content 794:800 arg1 composition 768:778 microbiota composition 757:778 microbiota composition of the caecum content 757:800 Serum enzymes, inflammatory cytokines and microbiota composition of the caecum content were evaluated. 27247978 0 59 from microbiota 106:115 arg1 rats 120:123 rats 120:123 rats 120:123 Dietary nucleotides protect against alcoholic liver injury by attenuating inflammation and regulating gut microbiota in rats. 27247978 8 60 theme genes 1019:1023 arg1 Sequencing 996:1005 Sequencing 996:1005 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes 996:1023 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed that nucleotide-treated rats showed a higher abundance of Firmicutes and a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes than alcohol-treated rats. 27247978 6 61 theme caecum 787:792 arg1 content 794:800 the caecum content 783:800 the caecum content 783:800 Serum enzymes, inflammatory cytokines and microbiota composition of the caecum content were evaluated. 27247978 7 62 theme alanine 879:885 arg1 aminotransferase 887:902 serum alanine aminotransferase 873:902 serum alanine aminotransferase 873:902 We found that nucleotides could significantly decrease serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, plasma lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory cytokine levels. 27247978 11 63 theme lipopolysaccharide 1519:1536 arg1 inhibition 1505:1514 The partial inhibition 1493:1514 The partial inhibition of lipopolysaccharide - toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling in the liver 1493:1604 The partial inhibition of lipopolysaccharide - toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling in the liver may be attributed to this mechanism. 27247978 4 64 theme Wistar 460:465 arg1 rats 467:470 Male Wistar rats 455:470 Male Wistar rats 455:470 Male Wistar rats were given alcohol, equivalent distilled water or an isocaloric amount of dextrose intragastrically twice daily for up to 6 weeks respectively. 27247978 8 65 theme nucleotide-treated 1039:1056 arg1 rats 1058:1061 nucleotide-treated rats 1039:1061 nucleotide-treated rats 1039:1061 Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed that nucleotide-treated rats showed a higher abundance of Firmicutes and a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes than alcohol-treated rats. 27247978 10 66 from microbiota 1455:1464 arg1 injury 1485:1490 alcoholic liver injury 1469:1490 alcoholic liver injury 1469:1490 These results suggested that nucleotides suppressed the inflammatory response and regulated gut microbiota in alcoholic liver injury. 27247978 4 67 theme isocaloric 525:534 arg1 dextrose 546:553 dextrose 546:553 dextrose 546:553 Male Wistar rats were given alcohol, equivalent distilled water or an isocaloric amount of dextrose intragastrically twice daily for up to 6 weeks respectively. 27247978 4 67 theme isocaloric 525:534 arg1 amount 536:541 an isocaloric amount 522:541 an isocaloric amount of dextrose 522:553 Male Wistar rats were given alcohol, equivalent distilled water or an isocaloric amount of dextrose intragastrically twice daily for up to 6 weeks respectively. 27247978 2 68 theme protective 245:254 arg1 effect 256:261 the protective effect 241:261 the protective effect of nucleotides against alcoholic liver injury 241:307 However, the protective effect of nucleotides against alcoholic liver injury remains unknown. 27247978 10 69 theme liver 1479:1483 arg1 injury 1485:1490 alcoholic liver injury 1469:1490 alcoholic liver injury 1469:1490 These results suggested that nucleotides suppressed the inflammatory response and regulated gut microbiota in alcoholic liver injury. 27247978 7 70 theme cytokine 979:986 arg1 levels 988:993 inflammatory cytokine levels 966:993 inflammatory cytokine levels 966:993 We found that nucleotides could significantly decrease serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, plasma lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory cytokine levels. 27247978 11 71 theme factor-κB 1569:1577 arg1 signaling 1583:1591 toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling 1540:1591 lipopolysaccharide - toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling in the liver 1519:1604 The partial inhibition of lipopolysaccharide - toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling in the liver may be attributed to this mechanism. 24477640 8 0 theme sucrose 1094:1100 arg1 concentration 1102:1114 the sucrose concentration 1090:1114 The higher the sucrose concentration 1079:1114 The higher the sucrose concentration, the earlier was the induction of anthocyanin accumulation. 24477640 11 1 theme structural 1605:1614 arg1 genes 1616:1620 regulatory and structural genes 1590:1620 regulatory and structural genes (especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase) 1590:1683 Instead, genome-wide transcriptome analysis suggests that the sugar-induced enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation results from altered expression of regulatory and structural genes (especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase), together with massive reprogramming in signalling transduction pathways. 24477640 1 2 theme environment 229:239 arg1 cues 241:244 environment cues 229:244 environment cues 229:244 Grape berry development and ripening are under complex regulation by the nutrients, hormones, and environment cues sensed by the berry. 24477640 12 3 theme in 1764:1765 arg1 system 1773:1778 This in vitro system 1759:1778 This in vitro system 1759:1778 This in vitro system may serve to study the response of berry composition to nutrient factors and hormones, and their interaction with environmental factors (e.g. light and temperature), which can all be finely tuned and controlled. 24477640 4 4 theme intact 566:571 arg1 berries 588:594 intact detached grape berries 566:594 intact detached grape berries 566:594 Here, an in vitro culture system of intact detached grape berries was developed by coupling the production of greenhouse fruiting-cuttings and in vitro organ culture techniques. 24477640 11 5 theme anthocyanidin 1646:1658 arg1 3-O-glucosyltransferase 1660:1682 anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase 1646:1682 especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase 1623:1682 Instead, genome-wide transcriptome analysis suggests that the sugar-induced enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation results from altered expression of regulatory and structural genes (especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase), together with massive reprogramming in signalling transduction pathways. 24477640 7 6 theme abscisic 1064:1071 arg1 acid 1073:1076 additional exogenous abscisic acid 1043:1076 additional exogenous abscisic acid 1043:1076 A sucrose concentration >2% could induce anthocyanin synthesis in the absence of additional exogenous abscisic acid. 24477640 7 7 theme additional 1043:1052 arg1 acid 1073:1076 additional exogenous abscisic acid 1043:1076 additional exogenous abscisic acid 1043:1076 A sucrose concentration >2% could induce anthocyanin synthesis in the absence of additional exogenous abscisic acid. 24477640 6 8 from effects 915:921 arg1 accumulation 948:959 anthocyanin accumulation 936:959 anthocyanin accumulation 936:959 It was further used to study the effects of sugars on anthocyanin accumulation. 24477640 4 9 theme fruiting-cuttings 651:667 arg1 production 626:635 the production 622:635 the production of greenhouse fruiting-cuttings and in vitro organ culture techniques 622:705 Here, an in vitro culture system of intact detached grape berries was developed by coupling the production of greenhouse fruiting-cuttings and in vitro organ culture techniques. 24477640 10 10 theme precursor 1352:1360 arg1 level 1362:1366 its precursor level 1348:1366 its precursor level 1348:1366 This increase was not due to an increase in its precursor level, since the phenylalanine content was decreased by a high sugar supply. 24477640 12 11 with response 1803:1810 arg1 factors 1908:1914 environmental factors 1894:1914 environmental factors (e.g. light and temperature) 1894:1943 This in vitro system may serve to study the response of berry composition to nutrient factors and hormones, and their interaction with environmental factors (e.g. light and temperature), which can all be finely tuned and controlled. 24477640 0 12 theme supply 95:100 arg1 effects 78:84 the effects 74:84 the effects of sugar supply on anthocyanin accumulation 74:128 Long-term in vitro culture of grape berries and its application to assess the effects of sugar supply on anthocyanin accumulation. 24477640 5 13 theme detached 789:796 arg1 berries 798:804 the intact detached berries 778:804 the intact detached berries 778:804 (13)C and (15)N labelling experiments showed that this system enables the intact detached berries actively to absorb and utilize carbon and nitrogen from the culture medium. 24477640 8 14 theme accumulation 1162:1173 arg1 induction 1137:1145 the induction 1133:1145 the induction of anthocyanin accumulation 1133:1173 The higher the sucrose concentration, the earlier was the induction of anthocyanin accumulation. 24477640 8 14 theme accumulation 1162:1173 arg1 higher 1083:1088 higher 1083:1088 higher 1083:1088 The higher the sucrose concentration, the earlier was the induction of anthocyanin accumulation. 24477640 12 15 dep light 1922:1926 arg1 e.g. 1917:1920 e.g. 1917:1920 e.g. 1917:1920 This in vitro system may serve to study the response of berry composition to nutrient factors and hormones, and their interaction with environmental factors (e.g. light and temperature), which can all be finely tuned and controlled. 24477640 6 16 used used 897:900 arg2 It 882:883 It 882:883 It 882:883 It was further used to study the effects of sugars on anthocyanin accumulation. 24477640 7 17 theme anthocyanin 1003:1013 arg1 synthesis 1015:1023 anthocyanin synthesis 1003:1023 anthocyanin synthesis 1003:1023 A sucrose concentration >2% could induce anthocyanin synthesis in the absence of additional exogenous abscisic acid. 24477640 5 18 theme culture 866:872 arg1 medium 874:879 the culture medium 862:879 the culture medium 862:879 (13)C and (15)N labelling experiments showed that this system enables the intact detached berries actively to absorb and utilize carbon and nitrogen from the culture medium. 24477640 9 19 theme anthocyanin 1217:1227 arg1 accumulation 1229:1240 anthocyanin accumulation 1217:1240 anthocyanin accumulation 1217:1240 Glucose, fructose, and sucrose increased anthocyanin accumulation, with glucose and fructose being more effective than sucrose. 24477640 4 20 theme in 673:674 arg1 culture 688:694 in vitro organ culture 673:694 in vitro organ culture 673:694 Here, an in vitro culture system of intact detached grape berries was developed by coupling the production of greenhouse fruiting-cuttings and in vitro organ culture techniques. 24477640 11 21 theme transduction 1736:1747 arg1 pathways 1749:1756 signalling transduction pathways 1725:1756 signalling transduction pathways 1725:1756 Instead, genome-wide transcriptome analysis suggests that the sugar-induced enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation results from altered expression of regulatory and structural genes (especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase), together with massive reprogramming in signalling transduction pathways. 24477640 5 22 theme 15 719:720 arg1 N 722:722 N 722:722 N 722:722 (13)C and (15)N labelling experiments showed that this system enables the intact detached berries actively to absorb and utilize carbon and nitrogen from the culture medium. 24477640 1 23 theme Grape 131:135 arg1 development 143:153 Grape berry development 131:153 Grape berry development 131:153 Grape berry development and ripening are under complex regulation by the nutrients, hormones, and environment cues sensed by the berry. 24477640 4 24 theme organ 682:686 arg1 culture 688:694 in vitro organ culture 673:694 in vitro organ culture 673:694 Here, an in vitro culture system of intact detached grape berries was developed by coupling the production of greenhouse fruiting-cuttings and in vitro organ culture techniques. 24477640 11 25 theme transcriptome 1460:1472 arg1 analysis 1474:1481 genome-wide transcriptome analysis 1448:1481 genome-wide transcriptome analysis 1448:1481 Instead, genome-wide transcriptome analysis suggests that the sugar-induced enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation results from altered expression of regulatory and structural genes (especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase), together with massive reprogramming in signalling transduction pathways. 24477640 5 26 theme N 722:722 arg1 experiments 734:744 (13)C and (15)N labelling experiments 708:744 (13)C and (15)N labelling experiments 708:744 (13)C and (15)N labelling experiments showed that this system enables the intact detached berries actively to absorb and utilize carbon and nitrogen from the culture medium. 24477640 12 27 dep in 1764:1765 arg1 vitro 1767:1771 vitro 1767:1771 vitro 1767:1771 This in vitro system may serve to study the response of berry composition to nutrient factors and hormones, and their interaction with environmental factors (e.g. light and temperature), which can all be finely tuned and controlled. 24477640 0 28 theme grape 30:34 arg1 berries 36:42 grape berries 30:42 grape berries 30:42 Long-term in vitro culture of grape berries and its application to assess the effects of sugar supply on anthocyanin accumulation. 24477640 5 29 from medium 874:879 arg1 nitrogen 848:855 nitrogen 848:855 nitrogen 848:855 (13)C and (15)N labelling experiments showed that this system enables the intact detached berries actively to absorb and utilize carbon and nitrogen from the culture medium. 24477640 5 29 from medium 874:879 arg1 carbon 837:842 carbon 837:842 carbon 837:842 (13)C and (15)N labelling experiments showed that this system enables the intact detached berries actively to absorb and utilize carbon and nitrogen from the culture medium. 24477640 8 30 dep higher 1083:1088 arg1 concentration 1102:1114 the sucrose concentration 1090:1114 The higher the sucrose concentration 1079:1114 The higher the sucrose concentration, the earlier was the induction of anthocyanin accumulation. 24477640 3 31 theme model 404:408 arg1 system 410:415 A simplified but realistic model system 377:415 A simplified but realistic model system that enables fruit growth conditions to be modulated easily 377:475 A simplified but realistic model system that enables fruit growth conditions to be modulated easily will facilitate the deciphering of these mechanisms. 24477640 0 32 theme Long-term 0:8 arg1 culture 19:25 Long-term in vitro culture 0:25 Long-term in vitro culture of grape berries and its application 0:62 Long-term in vitro culture of grape berries and its application to assess the effects of sugar supply on anthocyanin accumulation. 24477640 12 33 theme environmental 1894:1906 arg1 factors 1908:1914 environmental factors 1894:1914 environmental factors (e.g. light and temperature) 1894:1943 This in vitro system may serve to study the response of berry composition to nutrient factors and hormones, and their interaction with environmental factors (e.g. light and temperature), which can all be finely tuned and controlled. 24477640 4 34 theme in 539:540 arg1 system 556:561 an in vitro culture system 536:561 an in vitro culture system of intact detached grape berries 536:594 Here, an in vitro culture system of intact detached grape berries was developed by coupling the production of greenhouse fruiting-cuttings and in vitro organ culture techniques. 24477640 10 35 theme sugar 1425:1429 arg1 supply 1431:1436 a high sugar supply 1418:1436 a high sugar supply 1418:1436 This increase was not due to an increase in its precursor level, since the phenylalanine content was decreased by a high sugar supply. 24477640 3 36 theme fruit 430:434 arg1 conditions 443:452 fruit growth conditions 430:452 fruit growth conditions 430:452 A simplified but realistic model system that enables fruit growth conditions to be modulated easily will facilitate the deciphering of these mechanisms. 24477640 11 37 dep UDP-glucose 1634:1644 arg1 3-O-glucosyltransferase 1660:1682 anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase 1646:1682 especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase 1623:1682 Instead, genome-wide transcriptome analysis suggests that the sugar-induced enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation results from altered expression of regulatory and structural genes (especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase), together with massive reprogramming in signalling transduction pathways. 24477640 11 38 theme altered 1568:1574 arg1 expression 1576:1585 altered expression 1568:1585 altered expression of regulatory and structural genes (especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase), together with massive reprogramming in signalling transduction pathways 1568:1756 Instead, genome-wide transcriptome analysis suggests that the sugar-induced enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation results from altered expression of regulatory and structural genes (especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase), together with massive reprogramming in signalling transduction pathways. 24477640 0 39 theme berries 36:42 arg1 culture 19:25 Long-term in vitro culture 0:25 Long-term in vitro culture of grape berries and its application 0:62 Long-term in vitro culture of grape berries and its application to assess the effects of sugar supply on anthocyanin accumulation. 24477640 12 40 theme composition 1821:1831 arg1 interaction 1877:1887 their interaction 1871:1887 their interaction with environmental factors (e.g. light and temperature), which can all be finely tuned and controlled 1871:1989 This in vitro system may serve to study the response of berry composition to nutrient factors and hormones, and their interaction with environmental factors (e.g. light and temperature), which can all be finely tuned and controlled. 24477640 12 40 theme composition 1821:1831 arg1 response 1803:1810 the response 1799:1810 the response of berry composition to nutrient factors and hormones 1799:1864 This in vitro system may serve to study the response of berry composition to nutrient factors and hormones, and their interaction with environmental factors (e.g. light and temperature), which can all be finely tuned and controlled. 24477640 11 41 theme signalling 1725:1734 arg1 pathways 1749:1756 signalling transduction pathways 1725:1756 signalling transduction pathways 1725:1756 Instead, genome-wide transcriptome analysis suggests that the sugar-induced enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation results from altered expression of regulatory and structural genes (especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase), together with massive reprogramming in signalling transduction pathways. 24477640 2 42 theme molecular 296:304 arg1 mechanisms 306:315 the biochemical and molecular mechanisms 276:315 the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying these types of regulation 276:352 However, the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying these types of regulation are poorly understood. 24477640 10 43 from increase 1336:1343 arg1 level 1362:1366 its precursor level 1348:1366 its precursor level 1348:1366 This increase was not due to an increase in its precursor level, since the phenylalanine content was decreased by a high sugar supply. 24477640 4 44 theme detached 573:580 arg1 berries 588:594 intact detached grape berries 566:594 intact detached grape berries 566:594 Here, an in vitro culture system of intact detached grape berries was developed by coupling the production of greenhouse fruiting-cuttings and in vitro organ culture techniques. 24477640 2 45 theme regulation 343:352 arg1 types 334:338 these types 328:338 these types of regulation 328:352 However, the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying these types of regulation are poorly understood. 24477640 4 46 theme berries 588:594 arg1 system 556:561 an in vitro culture system 536:561 an in vitro culture system of intact detached grape berries 536:594 Here, an in vitro culture system of intact detached grape berries was developed by coupling the production of greenhouse fruiting-cuttings and in vitro organ culture techniques. 24477640 7 47 theme acid 1073:1076 arg1 absence 1032:1038 the absence 1028:1038 the absence of additional exogenous abscisic acid 1028:1076 A sucrose concentration >2% could induce anthocyanin synthesis in the absence of additional exogenous abscisic acid. 24477640 4 48 theme culture 548:554 arg1 system 556:561 an in vitro culture system 536:561 an in vitro culture system of intact detached grape berries 536:594 Here, an in vitro culture system of intact detached grape berries was developed by coupling the production of greenhouse fruiting-cuttings and in vitro organ culture techniques. 24477640 11 49 theme genes 1616:1620 arg1 expression 1576:1585 altered expression 1568:1585 altered expression of regulatory and structural genes (especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase), together with massive reprogramming in signalling transduction pathways 1568:1756 Instead, genome-wide transcriptome analysis suggests that the sugar-induced enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation results from altered expression of regulatory and structural genes (especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase), together with massive reprogramming in signalling transduction pathways. 24477640 7 50 theme exogenous 1054:1062 arg1 acid 1073:1076 additional exogenous abscisic acid 1043:1076 additional exogenous abscisic acid 1043:1076 A sucrose concentration >2% could induce anthocyanin synthesis in the absence of additional exogenous abscisic acid. 24477640 11 51 from expression 1576:1585 arg1 pathways 1749:1756 signalling transduction pathways 1725:1756 signalling transduction pathways 1725:1756 Instead, genome-wide transcriptome analysis suggests that the sugar-induced enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation results from altered expression of regulatory and structural genes (especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase), together with massive reprogramming in signalling transduction pathways. 24477640 3 52 theme simplified 379:388 arg1 system 410:415 A simplified but realistic model system 377:415 A simplified but realistic model system that enables fruit growth conditions to be modulated easily 377:475 A simplified but realistic model system that enables fruit growth conditions to be modulated easily will facilitate the deciphering of these mechanisms. 24477640 11 53 theme anthocyanin 1530:1540 arg1 accumulation 1542:1553 anthocyanin accumulation 1530:1553 anthocyanin accumulation 1530:1553 Instead, genome-wide transcriptome analysis suggests that the sugar-induced enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation results from altered expression of regulatory and structural genes (especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase), together with massive reprogramming in signalling transduction pathways. 24477640 2 54 theme biochemical 280:290 arg1 mechanisms 306:315 the biochemical and molecular mechanisms 276:315 the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying these types of regulation 276:352 However, the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying these types of regulation are poorly understood. 24477640 4 55 theme greenhouse 640:649 arg1 fruiting-cuttings 651:667 greenhouse fruiting-cuttings 640:667 greenhouse fruiting-cuttings 640:667 Here, an in vitro culture system of intact detached grape berries was developed by coupling the production of greenhouse fruiting-cuttings and in vitro organ culture techniques. 24477640 11 56 theme sugar-induced 1501:1513 arg1 enhancement 1515:1525 the sugar-induced enhancement 1497:1525 the sugar-induced enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation 1497:1553 Instead, genome-wide transcriptome analysis suggests that the sugar-induced enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation results from altered expression of regulatory and structural genes (especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase), together with massive reprogramming in signalling transduction pathways. 24477640 1 57 theme complex 178:184 arg1 regulation 186:195 complex regulation 178:195 complex regulation by the nutrients, hormones, and environment cues sensed by the berry 178:264 Grape berry development and ripening are under complex regulation by the nutrients, hormones, and environment cues sensed by the berry. 24477640 8 58 theme anthocyanin 1150:1160 arg1 accumulation 1162:1173 anthocyanin accumulation 1150:1173 anthocyanin accumulation 1150:1173 The higher the sucrose concentration, the earlier was the induction of anthocyanin accumulation. 24477640 1 59 dep nutrients 204:212 arg1 the 200:202 the 200:202 the 200:202 Grape berry development and ripening are under complex regulation by the nutrients, hormones, and environment cues sensed by the berry. 24477640 7 60 theme sucrose 964:970 arg1 % 988:988 A sucrose concentration >2% 962:988 A sucrose concentration >2% 962:988 A sucrose concentration >2% could induce anthocyanin synthesis in the absence of additional exogenous abscisic acid. 24477640 4 61 theme culture 688:694 arg1 production 626:635 the production 622:635 the production of greenhouse fruiting-cuttings and in vitro organ culture techniques 622:705 Here, an in vitro culture system of intact detached grape berries was developed by coupling the production of greenhouse fruiting-cuttings and in vitro organ culture techniques. 24477640 7 62 theme concentration 972:984 arg1 % 988:988 A sucrose concentration >2% 962:988 A sucrose concentration >2% 962:988 A sucrose concentration >2% could induce anthocyanin synthesis in the absence of additional exogenous abscisic acid. 24477640 0 63 from effects 78:84 arg1 accumulation 117:128 anthocyanin accumulation 105:128 anthocyanin accumulation 105:128 Long-term in vitro culture of grape berries and its application to assess the effects of sugar supply on anthocyanin accumulation. 24477640 0 64 theme application 52:62 arg1 culture 19:25 Long-term in vitro culture 0:25 Long-term in vitro culture of grape berries and its application 0:62 Long-term in vitro culture of grape berries and its application to assess the effects of sugar supply on anthocyanin accumulation. 24477640 5 65 theme intact 782:787 arg1 berries 798:804 the intact detached berries 778:804 the intact detached berries 778:804 (13)C and (15)N labelling experiments showed that this system enables the intact detached berries actively to absorb and utilize carbon and nitrogen from the culture medium. 24477640 11 66 theme genome-wide 1448:1458 arg1 analysis 1474:1481 genome-wide transcriptome analysis 1448:1481 genome-wide transcriptome analysis 1448:1481 Instead, genome-wide transcriptome analysis suggests that the sugar-induced enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation results from altered expression of regulatory and structural genes (especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase), together with massive reprogramming in signalling transduction pathways. 24477640 1 67 theme berry 137:141 arg1 development 143:153 Grape berry development 131:153 Grape berry development 131:153 Grape berry development and ripening are under complex regulation by the nutrients, hormones, and environment cues sensed by the berry. 24477640 6 68 theme anthocyanin 936:946 arg1 accumulation 948:959 anthocyanin accumulation 936:959 anthocyanin accumulation 936:959 It was further used to study the effects of sugars on anthocyanin accumulation. 24477640 10 69 theme phenylalanine 1379:1391 arg1 content 1393:1399 the phenylalanine content 1375:1399 the phenylalanine content 1375:1399 This increase was not due to an increase in its precursor level, since the phenylalanine content was decreased by a high sugar supply. 24477640 5 70 theme 13 709:710 arg1 C 712:712 C 712:712 C 712:712 (13)C and (15)N labelling experiments showed that this system enables the intact detached berries actively to absorb and utilize carbon and nitrogen from the culture medium. 24477640 6 71 theme sugars 926:931 arg1 effects 915:921 the effects 911:921 the effects of sugars on anthocyanin accumulation 911:959 It was further used to study the effects of sugars on anthocyanin accumulation. 24477640 0 72 theme sugar 89:93 arg1 supply 95:100 sugar supply 89:100 sugar supply 89:100 Long-term in vitro culture of grape berries and its application to assess the effects of sugar supply on anthocyanin accumulation. 24477640 4 73 dep in 539:540 arg1 vitro 542:546 vitro 542:546 vitro 542:546 Here, an in vitro culture system of intact detached grape berries was developed by coupling the production of greenhouse fruiting-cuttings and in vitro organ culture techniques. 24477640 4 74 dep in 673:674 arg1 vitro 676:680 vitro 676:680 vitro 676:680 Here, an in vitro culture system of intact detached grape berries was developed by coupling the production of greenhouse fruiting-cuttings and in vitro organ culture techniques. 24477640 5 75 theme C 712:712 arg1 experiments 734:744 (13)C and (15)N labelling experiments 708:744 (13)C and (15)N labelling experiments 708:744 (13)C and (15)N labelling experiments showed that this system enables the intact detached berries actively to absorb and utilize carbon and nitrogen from the culture medium. 24477640 0 76 theme in 10:11 arg1 culture 19:25 Long-term in vitro culture 0:25 Long-term in vitro culture of grape berries and its application 0:62 Long-term in vitro culture of grape berries and its application to assess the effects of sugar supply on anthocyanin accumulation. 24477640 11 77 dep genes 1616:1620 arg1 UDP-glucose 1634:1644 UDP-glucose 1634:1644 especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase 1623:1682 Instead, genome-wide transcriptome analysis suggests that the sugar-induced enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation results from altered expression of regulatory and structural genes (especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase), together with massive reprogramming in signalling transduction pathways. 24477640 5 78 theme labelling 724:732 arg1 experiments 734:744 (13)C and (15)N labelling experiments 708:744 (13)C and (15)N labelling experiments 708:744 (13)C and (15)N labelling experiments showed that this system enables the intact detached berries actively to absorb and utilize carbon and nitrogen from the culture medium. 24477640 3 79 theme realistic 394:402 arg1 system 410:415 A simplified but realistic model system 377:415 A simplified but realistic model system that enables fruit growth conditions to be modulated easily 377:475 A simplified but realistic model system that enables fruit growth conditions to be modulated easily will facilitate the deciphering of these mechanisms. 24477640 10 80 theme high 1420:1423 arg1 supply 1431:1436 a high sugar supply 1418:1436 a high sugar supply 1418:1436 This increase was not due to an increase in its precursor level, since the phenylalanine content was decreased by a high sugar supply. 24477640 3 81 theme growth 436:441 arg1 conditions 443:452 fruit growth conditions 430:452 fruit growth conditions 430:452 A simplified but realistic model system that enables fruit growth conditions to be modulated easily will facilitate the deciphering of these mechanisms. 24477640 12 82 theme nutrient 1836:1843 arg1 factors 1845:1851 nutrient factors 1836:1851 nutrient factors 1836:1851 This in vitro system may serve to study the response of berry composition to nutrient factors and hormones, and their interaction with environmental factors (e.g. light and temperature), which can all be finely tuned and controlled. 24477640 0 83 theme anthocyanin 105:115 arg1 accumulation 117:128 anthocyanin accumulation 105:128 anthocyanin accumulation 105:128 Long-term in vitro culture of grape berries and its application to assess the effects of sugar supply on anthocyanin accumulation. 24477640 11 84 theme accumulation 1542:1553 arg1 enhancement 1515:1525 the sugar-induced enhancement 1497:1525 the sugar-induced enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation 1497:1553 Instead, genome-wide transcriptome analysis suggests that the sugar-induced enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation results from altered expression of regulatory and structural genes (especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase), together with massive reprogramming in signalling transduction pathways. 24477640 12 85 with interaction 1877:1887 arg1 factors 1908:1914 environmental factors 1894:1914 environmental factors (e.g. light and temperature) 1894:1943 This in vitro system may serve to study the response of berry composition to nutrient factors and hormones, and their interaction with environmental factors (e.g. light and temperature), which can all be finely tuned and controlled. 24477640 4 86 dep fruiting-cuttings 651:667 arg1 techniques 696:705 techniques 696:705 techniques 696:705 Here, an in vitro culture system of intact detached grape berries was developed by coupling the production of greenhouse fruiting-cuttings and in vitro organ culture techniques. 24477640 12 87 theme berry 1815:1819 arg1 composition 1821:1831 berry composition 1815:1831 berry composition 1815:1831 This in vitro system may serve to study the response of berry composition to nutrient factors and hormones, and their interaction with environmental factors (e.g. light and temperature), which can all be finely tuned and controlled. 24477640 4 88 theme grape 582:586 arg1 berries 588:594 intact detached grape berries 566:594 intact detached grape berries 566:594 Here, an in vitro culture system of intact detached grape berries was developed by coupling the production of greenhouse fruiting-cuttings and in vitro organ culture techniques. 24477640 11 89 theme massive 1700:1706 arg1 reprogramming 1708:1720 massive reprogramming 1700:1720 massive reprogramming 1700:1720 Instead, genome-wide transcriptome analysis suggests that the sugar-induced enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation results from altered expression of regulatory and structural genes (especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase), together with massive reprogramming in signalling transduction pathways. 24477640 11 90 theme regulatory 1590:1599 arg1 genes 1616:1620 regulatory and structural genes 1590:1620 regulatory and structural genes (especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase) 1590:1683 Instead, genome-wide transcriptome analysis suggests that the sugar-induced enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation results from altered expression of regulatory and structural genes (especially UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase), together with massive reprogramming in signalling transduction pathways. 24477640 0 91 dep in 10:11 arg1 vitro 13:17 vitro 13:17 vitro 13:17 Long-term in vitro culture of grape berries and its application to assess the effects of sugar supply on anthocyanin accumulation. 26451657 3 0 theme targeted 550:557 arg1 assays 562:567 multiplexed targeted MS assays 538:567 multiplexed targeted MS assays 538:567 Here we describe the development of multiplexed targeted MS assays to quantify N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in serum using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). 26451657 1 1 theme biological 273:282 arg1 functions 284:292 biological functions 273:292 biological functions 273:292 Protein glycosylation is one of the most common protein modifications, and the quantitative analysis of glycoproteins has the potential to reveal biological functions and their association with disease. 26451657 7 2 theme area 1549:1552 arg1 ratios 1554:1559 their relative peak area ratios 1529:1559 their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development 1529:1603 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 3 3 theme glycosite-containing 590:609 arg1 peptides 611:618 N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 581:618 N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 581:618 Here we describe the development of multiplexed targeted MS assays to quantify N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in serum using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). 26451657 7 4 theme relative 1535:1542 arg1 ratios 1554:1559 their relative peak area ratios 1529:1559 their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development 1529:1603 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 9 5 theme developed 1932:1940 arg1 assays 1942:1947 The developed assays 1928:1947 The developed assays 1928:1947 The developed assays can also be used for the quantification of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in human serum irrespective of disease state. 26451657 4 6 theme performance 707:717 arg1 metrics 719:725 its performance metrics 703:725 its performance metrics 703:725 Each assay was characterized by its performance metrics and criteria established by the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) to facilitate the widespread adoption of the assays in studies designed to confidently detect changes in the relative abundance of these analytes. 26451657 6 7 theme patients 1321:1328 arg1 sera 1297:1300 the sera 1293:1300 the sera of prostate cancer patients 1293:1328 We show that 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group were detected in the sera of prostate cancer patients within the quantitative range of the developed PRM assays. 26451657 6 8 theme tissue 1236:1241 arg1 studies 1243:1249 prostate cancer tissue studies 1220:1249 prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group 1220:1274 We show that 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group were detected in the sera of prostate cancer patients within the quantitative range of the developed PRM assays. 26451657 6 9 theme prostate 1305:1312 arg1 patients 1321:1328 prostate cancer patients 1305:1328 prostate cancer patients 1305:1328 We show that 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group were detected in the sera of prostate cancer patients within the quantitative range of the developed PRM assays. 26451657 7 10 theme AG 1705:1706 arg1 serum 1733:1737 nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum 1670:1737 serum 1733:1737 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 1 11 with association 304:314 arg1 disease 321:327 disease 321:327 disease 321:327 Protein glycosylation is one of the most common protein modifications, and the quantitative analysis of glycoproteins has the potential to reveal biological functions and their association with disease. 26451657 6 12 theme prostate 1220:1227 arg1 studies 1243:1249 prostate cancer tissue studies 1220:1249 prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group 1220:1274 We show that 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group were detected in the sera of prostate cancer patients within the quantitative range of the developed PRM assays. 26451657 7 13 theme aggressive 1693:1702 arg1 serum 1733:1737 nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum 1670:1737 serum 1733:1737 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 7 14 theme peptides 1451:1458 arg1 41 1400:1401 41 1400:1401 41 1400:1401 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 7 14 theme peptides 1451:1458 arg1 peptides 1451:1458 these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1406:1458 these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1406:1458 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 1 15 theme glycoproteins 231:243 arg1 analysis 219:226 the quantitative analysis 202:226 the quantitative analysis of glycoproteins 202:243 Protein glycosylation is one of the most common protein modifications, and the quantitative analysis of glycoproteins has the potential to reveal biological functions and their association with disease. 26451657 7 16 from ratios 1554:1559 arg1 serum 1570:1574 human serum 1564:1574 human serum during PRM assay development 1564:1603 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 7 17 theme N-linked 1421:1428 arg1 peptides 1451:1458 these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1406:1458 these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1406:1458 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 4 18 theme Cancer 768:773 arg1 Institute 775:783 the National Cancer Institute's 755:785 the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) 755:842 Each assay was characterized by its performance metrics and criteria established by the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) to facilitate the widespread adoption of the assays in studies designed to confidently detect changes in the relative abundance of these analytes. 26451657 6 19 theme PRM 1377:1379 arg1 assays 1381:1386 the developed PRM assays 1363:1386 the developed PRM assays 1363:1386 We show that 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group were detected in the sera of prostate cancer patients within the quantitative range of the developed PRM assays. 26451657 3 20 theme reaction 644:651 arg1 monitoring 653:662 parallel reaction monitoring 635:662 parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) 635:668 Here we describe the development of multiplexed targeted MS assays to quantify N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in serum using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). 26451657 3 20 theme reaction 644:651 arg1 PRM 665:667 PRM 665:667 PRM 665:667 Here we describe the development of multiplexed targeted MS assays to quantify N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in serum using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). 26451657 7 21 from serum 1733:1737 arg1 serum 1659:1663 serum 1659:1663 serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG) 1659:1757 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 7 22 theme 41 1400:1401 arg1 total 1391:1395 A total 1389:1395 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) 1389:1489 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 9 23 theme glycosite-containing 2010:2029 arg1 peptides 2031:2038 formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1992:2038 formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in human serum irrespective of disease state 1992:2083 The developed assays can also be used for the quantification of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in human serum irrespective of disease state. 26451657 4 24 from changes 938:944 arg1 abundance 962:970 the relative abundance 949:970 the relative abundance of these analytes 949:988 Each assay was characterized by its performance metrics and criteria established by the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) to facilitate the widespread adoption of the assays in studies designed to confidently detect changes in the relative abundance of these analytes. 26451657 8 25 used used 1804:1807 arg2 assays 1790:1795 the assays 1786:1795 the assays 1786:1795 The data demonstrate that the assays can be used for the high throughput and reproducible quantification of a panel of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides. 26451657 0 26 theme Glycosite-Containing 87:106 arg1 Peptides 108:115 N-Linked Glycosite-Containing Peptides 78:115 N-Linked Glycosite-Containing Peptides 78:115 Multiplexed Targeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Assays for the Quantification of N-Linked Glycosite-Containing Peptides in Serum. 26451657 1 27 theme protein 175:181 arg1 modifications 183:195 the most common protein modifications 159:195 the most common protein modifications 159:195 Protein glycosylation is one of the most common protein modifications, and the quantitative analysis of glycoproteins has the potential to reveal biological functions and their association with disease. 26451657 7 28 theme differential 1630:1641 arg1 significance 1643:1654 differential significance 1630:1654 differential significance 1630:1654 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 1 29 theme Protein 127:133 arg1 glycosylation 135:147 Protein glycosylation 127:147 Protein glycosylation 127:147 Protein glycosylation is one of the most common protein modifications, and the quantitative analysis of glycoproteins has the potential to reveal biological functions and their association with disease. 26451657 8 30 theme throughput 1822:1831 arg1 quantification 1850:1863 the high throughput and reproducible quantification 1813:1863 the high throughput and reproducible quantification of a panel of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1813:1925 The data demonstrate that the assays can be used for the high throughput and reproducible quantification of a panel of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides. 26451657 3 31 link N-linked 581:588 arg1 peptides 611:618 N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 581:618 N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 581:618 Here we describe the development of multiplexed targeted MS assays to quantify N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in serum using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). 26451657 7 32 dep NAG 1685:1687 arg1 n 1740:1740 n = 50 1740:1745 n = 50 1740:1745 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 8 33 theme reproducible 1837:1848 arg1 quantification 1850:1863 the high throughput and reproducible quantification 1813:1863 the high throughput and reproducible quantification of a panel of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1813:1925 The data demonstrate that the assays can be used for the high throughput and reproducible quantification of a panel of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides. 26451657 9 34 used used 1961:1964 arg2 assays 1942:1947 The developed assays 1928:1947 The developed assays 1928:1947 The developed assays can also be used for the quantification of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in human serum irrespective of disease state. 26451657 9 35 theme state 2079:2083 arg1 irrespective 2055:2066 irrespective 2055:2066 irrespective 2055:2066 The developed assays can also be used for the quantification of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in human serum irrespective of disease state. 26451657 4 36 theme Proteomic 796:804 arg1 Consortium 821:830 the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium 755:830 the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) 755:842 Each assay was characterized by its performance metrics and criteria established by the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) to facilitate the widespread adoption of the assays in studies designed to confidently detect changes in the relative abundance of these analytes. 26451657 4 36 theme Proteomic 796:804 arg1 CPTAC 837:841 NCI CPTAC 833:841 NCI CPTAC 833:841 Each assay was characterized by its performance metrics and criteria established by the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) to facilitate the widespread adoption of the assays in studies designed to confidently detect changes in the relative abundance of these analytes. 26451657 0 37 theme Multiplexed 0:10 arg1 Assays 45:50 Multiplexed Targeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Assays 0:50 Multiplexed Targeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Assays for the Quantification of N-Linked Glycosite-Containing Peptides in Serum. 0:125 Multiplexed Targeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Assays for the Quantification of N-Linked Glycosite-Containing Peptides in Serum. 26451657 5 38 theme in-house 994:1001 arg1 MRMPlus 1031:1037 MRMPlus 1031:1037 MRMPlus 1031:1037 An in-house developed software program, MRMPlus, was used to compute assay performance parameters including specificity, precision, and repeatability. 26451657 5 38 theme in-house 994:1001 arg1 program 1022:1028 An in-house developed software program 991:1028 An in-house developed software program 991:1028 An in-house developed software program, MRMPlus, was used to compute assay performance parameters including specificity, precision, and repeatability. 26451657 7 39 theme cancer 1718:1723 arg1 serum 1733:1737 nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum 1670:1737 serum 1733:1737 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 6 40 located detected 1281:1288 arg1 sera 1297:1300 the sera 1293:1300 the sera of prostate cancer patients 1293:1328 We show that 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group were detected in the sera of prostate cancer patients within the quantitative range of the developed PRM assays. 26451657 6 40 located detected 1281:1288 arg2 peptides 1197:1204 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1155:1204 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group 1155:1274 We show that 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group were detected in the sera of prostate cancer patients within the quantitative range of the developed PRM assays. 26451657 6 40 located detected 1281:1288 arg1 range 1354:1358 the quantitative range 1337:1358 the quantitative range of the developed PRM assays 1337:1386 We show that 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group were detected in the sera of prostate cancer patients within the quantitative range of the developed PRM assays. 26451657 4 41 theme Analysis 812:819 arg1 Consortium 821:830 the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium 755:830 the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) 755:842 Each assay was characterized by its performance metrics and criteria established by the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) to facilitate the widespread adoption of the assays in studies designed to confidently detect changes in the relative abundance of these analytes. 26451657 4 41 theme Analysis 812:819 arg1 CPTAC 837:841 NCI CPTAC 833:841 NCI CPTAC 833:841 Each assay was characterized by its performance metrics and criteria established by the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) to facilitate the widespread adoption of the assays in studies designed to confidently detect changes in the relative abundance of these analytes. 26451657 2 42 theme assays 457:462 arg1 scarcity 438:445 the scarcity 434:445 the scarcity of robust assays to detect and quantify glycoproteins 434:499 However, the high throughput accurate quantification of glycoproteins is technically challenging due to the scarcity of robust assays to detect and quantify glycoproteins. 26451657 5 43 theme software 1013:1020 arg1 MRMPlus 1031:1037 MRMPlus 1031:1037 MRMPlus 1031:1037 An in-house developed software program, MRMPlus, was used to compute assay performance parameters including specificity, precision, and repeatability. 26451657 5 43 theme software 1013:1020 arg1 program 1022:1028 An in-house developed software program 991:1028 An in-house developed software program 991:1028 An in-house developed software program, MRMPlus, was used to compute assay performance parameters including specificity, precision, and repeatability. 26451657 7 44 link N-linked 1421:1428 arg1 peptides 1451:1458 these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1406:1458 these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1406:1458 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 6 45 link N-linked 1167:1174 arg1 peptides 1197:1204 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1155:1204 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group 1155:1274 We show that 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group were detected in the sera of prostate cancer patients within the quantitative range of the developed PRM assays. 26451657 7 46 theme assay 1587:1591 arg1 development 1593:1603 PRM assay development 1583:1603 PRM assay development 1583:1603 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 5 47 theme performance 1066:1076 arg1 precision 1112:1120 precision 1112:1120 precision 1112:1120 An in-house developed software program, MRMPlus, was used to compute assay performance parameters including specificity, precision, and repeatability. 26451657 5 47 theme performance 1066:1076 arg1 repeatability 1127:1139 repeatability 1127:1139 repeatability 1127:1139 An in-house developed software program, MRMPlus, was used to compute assay performance parameters including specificity, precision, and repeatability. 26451657 5 47 theme performance 1066:1076 arg1 specificity 1099:1109 specificity 1099:1109 specificity 1099:1109 An in-house developed software program, MRMPlus, was used to compute assay performance parameters including specificity, precision, and repeatability. 26451657 5 47 theme performance 1066:1076 arg1 parameters 1078:1087 assay performance parameters 1060:1087 assay performance parameters including specificity, precision, and repeatability 1060:1139 An in-house developed software program, MRMPlus, was used to compute assay performance parameters including specificity, precision, and repeatability. 26451657 9 48 from quantification 1974:1987 arg1 serum 2049:2053 human serum 2043:2053 human serum irrespective of disease state 2043:2083 The developed assays can also be used for the quantification of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in human serum irrespective of disease state. 26451657 1 49 contain has 245:247 arg1 analysis 219:226 the quantitative analysis 202:226 the quantitative analysis of glycoproteins 202:243 Protein glycosylation is one of the most common protein modifications, and the quantitative analysis of glycoproteins has the potential to reveal biological functions and their association with disease. 26451657 1 49 contain has 245:247 arg2 association 304:314 their association 298:314 their association with disease 298:327 Protein glycosylation is one of the most common protein modifications, and the quantitative analysis of glycoproteins has the potential to reveal biological functions and their association with disease. 26451657 1 49 contain has 245:247 arg2 potential 253:261 the potential to reveal biological functions 249:292 the potential to reveal biological functions 249:292 Protein glycosylation is one of the most common protein modifications, and the quantitative analysis of glycoproteins has the potential to reveal biological functions and their association with disease. 26451657 8 50 theme N-linked 1888:1895 arg1 peptides 1918:1925 formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1879:1925 formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1879:1925 The data demonstrate that the assays can be used for the high throughput and reproducible quantification of a panel of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides. 26451657 2 51 theme throughput 348:357 arg1 quantification 368:381 the high throughput accurate quantification 339:381 the high throughput accurate quantification of glycoproteins 339:398 However, the high throughput accurate quantification of glycoproteins is technically challenging due to the scarcity of robust assays to detect and quantify glycoproteins. 26451657 7 52 theme human 1564:1568 arg1 serum 1570:1574 human serum 1564:1574 human serum during PRM assay development 1564:1603 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 1 53 with potential 253:261 arg1 disease 321:327 disease 321:327 disease 321:327 Protein glycosylation is one of the most common protein modifications, and the quantitative analysis of glycoproteins has the potential to reveal biological functions and their association with disease. 26451657 6 54 theme N-linked 1167:1174 arg1 peptides 1197:1204 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1155:1204 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group 1155:1274 We show that 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group were detected in the sera of prostate cancer patients within the quantitative range of the developed PRM assays. 26451657 3 55 theme MS 559:560 arg1 assays 562:567 multiplexed targeted MS assays 538:567 multiplexed targeted MS assays 538:567 Here we describe the development of multiplexed targeted MS assays to quantify N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in serum using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). 26451657 8 56 theme panel 1870:1874 arg1 quantification 1850:1863 the high throughput and reproducible quantification 1813:1863 the high throughput and reproducible quantification of a panel of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1813:1925 The data demonstrate that the assays can be used for the high throughput and reproducible quantification of a panel of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides. 26451657 2 57 theme glycoproteins 386:398 arg1 quantification 368:381 the high throughput accurate quantification 339:381 the high throughput accurate quantification of glycoproteins 339:398 However, the high throughput accurate quantification of glycoproteins is technically challenging due to the scarcity of robust assays to detect and quantify glycoproteins. 26451657 7 58 theme peak 1544:1547 arg1 ratios 1554:1559 their relative peak area ratios 1529:1559 their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development 1529:1603 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 1 59 gly glycoproteins 231:243 arg1 glycoproteins 231:243 glycoproteins 231:243 glycoproteins 231:243 Protein glycosylation is one of the most common protein modifications, and the quantitative analysis of glycoproteins has the potential to reveal biological functions and their association with disease. 26451657 9 60 from serum 2049:2053 arg1 quantification 1974:1987 the quantification 1970:1987 the quantification of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in human serum irrespective of disease state 1970:2083 The developed assays can also be used for the quantification of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in human serum irrespective of disease state. 26451657 6 61 theme quantitative 1341:1352 arg1 range 1354:1358 the quantitative range 1337:1358 the quantitative range of the developed PRM assays 1337:1386 We show that 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group were detected in the sera of prostate cancer patients within the quantitative range of the developed PRM assays. 26451657 3 62 theme N-linked 581:588 arg1 peptides 611:618 N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 581:618 N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 581:618 Here we describe the development of multiplexed targeted MS assays to quantify N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in serum using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). 26451657 8 63 theme glycosite-containing 1897:1916 arg1 peptides 1918:1925 formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1879:1925 formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1879:1925 The data demonstrate that the assays can be used for the high throughput and reproducible quantification of a panel of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides. 26451657 1 64 theme modifications 183:195 arg1 one 152:154 one 152:154 one 152:154 Protein glycosylation is one of the most common protein modifications, and the quantitative analysis of glycoproteins has the potential to reveal biological functions and their association with disease. 26451657 1 64 theme modifications 183:195 arg1 modifications 183:195 the most common protein modifications 159:195 the most common protein modifications 159:195 Protein glycosylation is one of the most common protein modifications, and the quantitative analysis of glycoproteins has the potential to reveal biological functions and their association with disease. 26451657 4 65 theme assays 889:894 arg1 adoption 873:880 the widespread adoption 858:880 the widespread adoption of the assays 858:894 Each assay was characterized by its performance metrics and criteria established by the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) to facilitate the widespread adoption of the assays in studies designed to confidently detect changes in the relative abundance of these analytes. 26451657 6 66 theme cancer 1314:1319 arg1 patients 1321:1328 prostate cancer patients 1305:1328 prostate cancer patients 1305:1328 We show that 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group were detected in the sera of prostate cancer patients within the quantitative range of the developed PRM assays. 26451657 8 67 theme peptides 1918:1925 arg1 panel 1870:1874 a panel 1868:1874 a panel of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1868:1925 The data demonstrate that the assays can be used for the high throughput and reproducible quantification of a panel of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides. 26451657 6 68 theme cancer 1229:1234 arg1 studies 1243:1249 prostate cancer tissue studies 1220:1249 prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group 1220:1274 We show that 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group were detected in the sera of prostate cancer patients within the quantitative range of the developed PRM assays. 26451657 1 69 theme quantitative 206:217 arg1 analysis 219:226 the quantitative analysis 202:226 the quantitative analysis of glycoproteins 202:243 Protein glycosylation is one of the most common protein modifications, and the quantitative analysis of glycoproteins has the potential to reveal biological functions and their association with disease. 26451657 9 70 link N-linked 2001:2008 arg1 peptides 2031:2038 formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1992:2038 formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in human serum irrespective of disease state 1992:2083 The developed assays can also be used for the quantification of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in human serum irrespective of disease state. 26451657 3 71 theme multiplexed 538:548 arg1 assays 562:567 multiplexed targeted MS assays 538:567 multiplexed targeted MS assays 538:567 Here we describe the development of multiplexed targeted MS assays to quantify N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in serum using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). 26451657 4 72 theme analytes 981:988 arg1 abundance 962:970 the relative abundance 949:970 the relative abundance of these analytes 949:988 Each assay was characterized by its performance metrics and criteria established by the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) to facilitate the widespread adoption of the assays in studies designed to confidently detect changes in the relative abundance of these analytes. 26451657 6 73 theme assays 1381:1386 arg1 range 1354:1358 the quantitative range 1337:1358 the quantitative range of the developed PRM assays 1337:1386 We show that 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group were detected in the sera of prostate cancer patients within the quantitative range of the developed PRM assays. 26451657 3 74 theme parallel 635:642 arg1 monitoring 653:662 parallel reaction monitoring 635:662 parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) 635:668 Here we describe the development of multiplexed targeted MS assays to quantify N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in serum using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). 26451657 3 74 theme parallel 635:642 arg1 PRM 665:667 PRM 665:667 PRM 665:667 Here we describe the development of multiplexed targeted MS assays to quantify N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in serum using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). 26451657 7 75 theme nonaggressive 1670:1682 arg1 NAG 1685:1687 nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum 1670:1737 NAG 1685:1687 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 7 76 theme glycosite-containing 1430:1449 arg1 peptides 1451:1458 these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1406:1458 these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1406:1458 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 7 77 dep n 1740:1740 arg1 NAG 1748:1750 NAG 1748:1750 NAG 1748:1750 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 7 77 dep n 1740:1740 arg1 AG 1755:1756 AG 1755:1756 AG 1755:1756 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 4 78 theme National 759:766 arg1 Institute 775:783 the National Cancer Institute's 755:785 the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) 755:842 Each assay was characterized by its performance metrics and criteria established by the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) to facilitate the widespread adoption of the assays in studies designed to confidently detect changes in the relative abundance of these analytes. 26451657 6 79 theme developed 1367:1375 arg1 assays 1381:1386 the developed PRM assays 1363:1386 the developed PRM assays 1363:1386 We show that 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group were detected in the sera of prostate cancer patients within the quantitative range of the developed PRM assays. 26451657 4 80 theme relative 953:960 arg1 abundance 962:970 the relative abundance 949:970 the relative abundance of these analytes 949:988 Each assay was characterized by its performance metrics and criteria established by the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) to facilitate the widespread adoption of the assays in studies designed to confidently detect changes in the relative abundance of these analytes. 26451657 9 81 theme N-linked 2001:2008 arg1 peptides 2031:2038 formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1992:2038 formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in human serum irrespective of disease state 1992:2083 The developed assays can also be used for the quantification of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in human serum irrespective of disease state. 26451657 5 82 used used 1044:1047 arg2 MRMPlus 1031:1037 MRMPlus 1031:1037 MRMPlus 1031:1037 An in-house developed software program, MRMPlus, was used to compute assay performance parameters including specificity, precision, and repeatability. 26451657 5 82 used used 1044:1047 arg2 program 1022:1028 An in-house developed software program 991:1028 An in-house developed software program 991:1028 An in-house developed software program, MRMPlus, was used to compute assay performance parameters including specificity, precision, and repeatability. 26451657 0 83 theme N-Linked 78:85 arg1 Peptides 108:115 N-Linked Glycosite-Containing Peptides 78:115 N-Linked Glycosite-Containing Peptides 78:115 Multiplexed Targeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Assays for the Quantification of N-Linked Glycosite-Containing Peptides in Serum. 26451657 9 84 theme peptides 2031:2038 arg1 quantification 1974:1987 the quantification 1970:1987 the quantification of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in human serum irrespective of disease state 1970:2083 The developed assays can also be used for the quantification of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in human serum irrespective of disease state. 26451657 0 85 theme Peptides 108:115 arg1 Quantification 60:73 the Quantification 56:73 the Quantification of N-Linked Glycosite-Containing Peptides in Serum 56:124 Multiplexed Targeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Assays for the Quantification of N-Linked Glycosite-Containing Peptides in Serum. 26451657 1 86 theme common 168:173 arg1 modifications 183:195 the most common protein modifications 159:195 the most common protein modifications 159:195 Protein glycosylation is one of the most common protein modifications, and the quantitative analysis of glycoproteins has the potential to reveal biological functions and their association with disease. 26451657 9 87 theme human 2043:2047 arg1 serum 2049:2053 human serum 2043:2053 human serum irrespective of disease state 2043:2083 The developed assays can also be used for the quantification of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in human serum irrespective of disease state. 26451657 7 88 from NAG 1685:1687 arg1 serum 1659:1663 serum 1659:1663 serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG) 1659:1757 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 8 89 link N-linked 1888:1895 arg1 peptides 1918:1925 formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1879:1925 formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1879:1925 The data demonstrate that the assays can be used for the high throughput and reproducible quantification of a panel of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides. 26451657 0 90 from Quantification 60:73 arg1 Serum 120:124 Serum 120:124 Serum 120:124 Multiplexed Targeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Assays for the Quantification of N-Linked Glycosite-Containing Peptides in Serum. 26451657 9 91 theme irrespective 2055:2066 arg1 serum 2049:2053 human serum 2043:2053 human serum irrespective of disease state 2043:2083 The developed assays can also be used for the quantification of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in human serum irrespective of disease state. 26451657 8 92 theme high 1817:1820 arg1 quantification 1850:1863 the high throughput and reproducible quantification 1813:1863 the high throughput and reproducible quantification of a panel of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1813:1925 The data demonstrate that the assays can be used for the high throughput and reproducible quantification of a panel of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides. 26451657 7 93 theme = 1742:1742 arg1 n 1740:1740 n = 50 1740:1745 n = 50 1740:1745 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 9 94 from peptides 2031:2038 arg1 serum 2049:2053 human serum 2043:2053 human serum irrespective of disease state 2043:2083 The developed assays can also be used for the quantification of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in human serum irrespective of disease state. 26451657 9 95 theme disease 2071:2077 arg1 state 2079:2083 disease state 2071:2083 disease state 2071:2083 The developed assays can also be used for the quantification of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in human serum irrespective of disease state. 26451657 4 96 theme NCI 833:835 arg1 Consortium 821:830 the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium 755:830 the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) 755:842 Each assay was characterized by its performance metrics and criteria established by the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) to facilitate the widespread adoption of the assays in studies designed to confidently detect changes in the relative abundance of these analytes. 26451657 4 96 theme NCI 833:835 arg1 CPTAC 837:841 NCI CPTAC 833:841 NCI CPTAC 833:841 Each assay was characterized by its performance metrics and criteria established by the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) to facilitate the widespread adoption of the assays in studies designed to confidently detect changes in the relative abundance of these analytes. 26451657 0 97 theme Targeted 12:19 arg1 Assays 45:50 Multiplexed Targeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Assays 0:50 Multiplexed Targeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Assays for the Quantification of N-Linked Glycosite-Containing Peptides in Serum. 0:125 Multiplexed Targeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Assays for the Quantification of N-Linked Glycosite-Containing Peptides in Serum. 26451657 4 98 theme Clinical 787:794 arg1 Consortium 821:830 the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium 755:830 the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) 755:842 Each assay was characterized by its performance metrics and criteria established by the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) to facilitate the widespread adoption of the assays in studies designed to confidently detect changes in the relative abundance of these analytes. 26451657 4 98 theme Clinical 787:794 arg1 CPTAC 837:841 NCI CPTAC 833:841 NCI CPTAC 833:841 Each assay was characterized by its performance metrics and criteria established by the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) to facilitate the widespread adoption of the assays in studies designed to confidently detect changes in the relative abundance of these analytes. 26451657 0 99 theme Spectrometry-Based 26:43 arg1 Assays 45:50 Multiplexed Targeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Assays 0:50 Multiplexed Targeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Assays for the Quantification of N-Linked Glycosite-Containing Peptides in Serum. 0:125 Multiplexed Targeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Assays for the Quantification of N-Linked Glycosite-Containing Peptides in Serum. 26451657 5 100 theme developed 1003:1011 arg1 MRMPlus 1031:1037 MRMPlus 1031:1037 MRMPlus 1031:1037 An in-house developed software program, MRMPlus, was used to compute assay performance parameters including specificity, precision, and repeatability. 26451657 5 100 theme developed 1003:1011 arg1 program 1022:1028 An in-house developed software program 991:1028 An in-house developed software program 991:1028 An in-house developed software program, MRMPlus, was used to compute assay performance parameters including specificity, precision, and repeatability. 26451657 7 101 theme patient 1725:1731 arg1 serum 1733:1737 nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum 1670:1737 serum 1733:1737 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 4 102 theme Tumor 806:810 arg1 Consortium 821:830 the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium 755:830 the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) 755:842 Each assay was characterized by its performance metrics and criteria established by the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) to facilitate the widespread adoption of the assays in studies designed to confidently detect changes in the relative abundance of these analytes. 26451657 4 102 theme Tumor 806:810 arg1 CPTAC 837:841 NCI CPTAC 833:841 NCI CPTAC 833:841 Each assay was characterized by its performance metrics and criteria established by the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) to facilitate the widespread adoption of the assays in studies designed to confidently detect changes in the relative abundance of these analytes. 26451657 2 103 theme robust 450:455 arg1 assays 457:462 robust assays 450:462 robust assays 450:462 However, the high throughput accurate quantification of glycoproteins is technically challenging due to the scarcity of robust assays to detect and quantify glycoproteins. 26451657 5 104 theme assay 1060:1064 arg1 precision 1112:1120 precision 1112:1120 precision 1112:1120 An in-house developed software program, MRMPlus, was used to compute assay performance parameters including specificity, precision, and repeatability. 26451657 5 104 theme assay 1060:1064 arg1 repeatability 1127:1139 repeatability 1127:1139 repeatability 1127:1139 An in-house developed software program, MRMPlus, was used to compute assay performance parameters including specificity, precision, and repeatability. 26451657 5 104 theme assay 1060:1064 arg1 specificity 1099:1109 specificity 1099:1109 specificity 1099:1109 An in-house developed software program, MRMPlus, was used to compute assay performance parameters including specificity, precision, and repeatability. 26451657 5 104 theme assay 1060:1064 arg1 parameters 1078:1087 assay performance parameters 1060:1087 assay performance parameters including specificity, precision, and repeatability 1060:1139 An in-house developed software program, MRMPlus, was used to compute assay performance parameters including specificity, precision, and repeatability. 26451657 7 105 theme prostate 1709:1716 arg1 serum 1733:1737 nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum 1670:1737 serum 1733:1737 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 2 106 gly glycoproteins 386:398 arg1 glycoproteins 386:398 glycoproteins 386:398 glycoproteins 386:398 However, the high throughput accurate quantification of glycoproteins is technically challenging due to the scarcity of robust assays to detect and quantify glycoproteins. 26451657 4 107 theme widespread 862:871 arg1 adoption 873:880 the widespread adoption 858:880 the widespread adoption of the assays 858:894 Each assay was characterized by its performance metrics and criteria established by the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) to facilitate the widespread adoption of the assays in studies designed to confidently detect changes in the relative abundance of these analytes. 26451657 2 108 gly glycoproteins 487:499 arg1 glycoproteins 487:499 glycoproteins 487:499 glycoproteins 487:499 However, the high throughput accurate quantification of glycoproteins is technically challenging due to the scarcity of robust assays to detect and quantify glycoproteins. 26451657 2 109 theme accurate 359:366 arg1 quantification 368:381 the high throughput accurate quantification 339:381 the high throughput accurate quantification of glycoproteins 339:398 However, the high throughput accurate quantification of glycoproteins is technically challenging due to the scarcity of robust assays to detect and quantify glycoproteins. 26451657 7 110 theme PRM 1583:1585 arg1 development 1593:1603 PRM assay development 1583:1603 PRM assay development 1583:1603 A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). 26451657 6 111 theme glycosite-containing 1176:1195 arg1 peptides 1197:1204 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1155:1204 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group 1155:1274 We show that 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group were detected in the sera of prostate cancer patients within the quantitative range of the developed PRM assays. 26451657 2 112 theme high 343:346 arg1 quantification 368:381 the high throughput accurate quantification 339:381 the high throughput accurate quantification of glycoproteins 339:398 However, the high throughput accurate quantification of glycoproteins is technically challenging due to the scarcity of robust assays to detect and quantify glycoproteins. 26451657 6 113 theme selected 1158:1165 arg1 peptides 1197:1204 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides 1155:1204 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group 1155:1274 We show that 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group were detected in the sera of prostate cancer patients within the quantitative range of the developed PRM assays. 26451657 3 114 theme assays 562:567 arg1 development 523:533 the development 519:533 the development of multiplexed targeted MS assays to quantify N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in serum using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) 519:668 Here we describe the development of multiplexed targeted MS assays to quantify N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in serum using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). 28602507 2 0 theme PDA 531:533 arg1 nanoparticle 511:522 an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle 434:522 an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) 434:542 Herein, a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) was proposed. 28602507 2 0 theme PDA 531:533 arg1 Zr-SO3H 535:541 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 525:541 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 525:541 Herein, a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) was proposed. 28602507 4 1 theme glycopeptide 916:927 arg1 enrichment 929:938 N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 907:938 N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 907:938 By virtue of these properties and based on hydrophilic interaction, Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H exhibited outstanding sensitivity and selectivity, remarkable recyclability and stability towards N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28602507 2 2 theme @ 530:530 arg1 nanoparticle 511:522 an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle 434:522 an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) 434:542 Herein, a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) was proposed. 28602507 2 2 theme @ 530:530 arg1 Zr-SO3H 535:541 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 525:541 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 525:541 Herein, a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) was proposed. 28602507 4 3 theme N-linked 907:914 arg1 enrichment 929:938 N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 907:938 N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 907:938 By virtue of these properties and based on hydrophilic interaction, Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H exhibited outstanding sensitivity and selectivity, remarkable recyclability and stability towards N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28602507 1 4 from extraction 187:196 arg1 samples 267:273 complex biological samples 248:273 complex biological samples 248:273 Highly efficient extraction and enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples before mass spectrometry analysis remains important but challenging, due to the low abundance and suppression by proteins and salts. 28602507 5 5 theme glycopeptides 974:986 arg1 total 952:956 a total 950:956 a total 950:956 In deep, a total of 177 N-linked glycopeptides, assigned to 85 different glycoproteins, were identified from the healthy human serum after treated with the Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H. 28602507 0 6 theme efficient 118:126 arg1 enrichment 128:137 highly efficient enrichment 111:137 highly efficient enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides 111:167 Designed synthesis of ultra-hydrophilic sulfo-functionalized metal-organic frameworks with a magnetic core for highly efficient enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides. 28602507 2 7 theme Fe3O4 525:529 arg1 nanoparticle 511:522 an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle 434:522 an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) 434:542 Herein, a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) was proposed. 28602507 2 7 theme Fe3O4 525:529 arg1 Zr-SO3H 535:541 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 525:541 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 525:541 Herein, a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) was proposed. 28602507 4 8 theme remarkable 860:869 arg1 recyclability 871:883 remarkable recyclability 860:883 remarkable recyclability 860:883 By virtue of these properties and based on hydrophilic interaction, Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H exhibited outstanding sensitivity and selectivity, remarkable recyclability and stability towards N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28602507 4 9 theme @ 796:796 arg1 Zr-SO3H 801:807 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 791:807 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 791:807 By virtue of these properties and based on hydrophilic interaction, Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H exhibited outstanding sensitivity and selectivity, remarkable recyclability and stability towards N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28602507 5 10 gly glycopeptides 974:986 arg2 glycopeptides 974:986 177 N-linked glycopeptides 961:986 177 N-linked glycopeptides 961:986 In deep, a total of 177 N-linked glycopeptides, assigned to 85 different glycoproteins, were identified from the healthy human serum after treated with the Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H. 28602507 4 11 theme hydrophilic 766:776 arg1 interaction 778:788 hydrophilic interaction 766:788 hydrophilic interaction 766:788 By virtue of these properties and based on hydrophilic interaction, Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H exhibited outstanding sensitivity and selectivity, remarkable recyclability and stability towards N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28602507 5 12 theme different 1004:1012 arg1 glycoproteins 1014:1026 85 different glycoproteins 1001:1026 85 different glycoproteins 1001:1026 In deep, a total of 177 N-linked glycopeptides, assigned to 85 different glycoproteins, were identified from the healthy human serum after treated with the Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H. 28602507 4 13 theme Fe3O4 791:795 arg1 Zr-SO3H 801:807 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 791:807 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 791:807 By virtue of these properties and based on hydrophilic interaction, Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H exhibited outstanding sensitivity and selectivity, remarkable recyclability and stability towards N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28602507 4 14 theme @ 800:800 arg1 Zr-SO3H 801:807 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 791:807 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 791:807 By virtue of these properties and based on hydrophilic interaction, Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H exhibited outstanding sensitivity and selectivity, remarkable recyclability and stability towards N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28602507 2 15 theme magnetic 502:509 arg1 nanoparticle 511:522 an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle 434:522 an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) 434:542 Herein, a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) was proposed. 28602507 2 15 theme magnetic 502:509 arg1 Zr-SO3H 535:541 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 525:541 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 525:541 Herein, a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) was proposed. 28602507 1 16 link N-linked 220:227 arg1 glycopeptides 229:241 the N-linked glycopeptides 216:241 the N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples 216:273 Highly efficient extraction and enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples before mass spectrometry analysis remains important but challenging, due to the low abundance and suppression by proteins and salts. 28602507 3 17 theme as-prepared 562:572 arg1 MOFs 574:577 The as-prepared MOFs 558:577 The as-prepared MOFs 558:577 The as-prepared MOFs was endowed with excellent and unique properties, such as excellent hydrophilicity, ultrahigh surface area, and strong magnetic responsiveness. 28602507 0 18 link N-linked 146:153 arg1 glycopeptides 155:167 the N-linked glycopeptides 142:167 the N-linked glycopeptides 142:167 Designed synthesis of ultra-hydrophilic sulfo-functionalized metal-organic frameworks with a magnetic core for highly efficient enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides. 28602507 4 19 gly glycopeptide 916:927 arg2 glycopeptide 916:927 N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 907:938 N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 907:938 By virtue of these properties and based on hydrophilic interaction, Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H exhibited outstanding sensitivity and selectivity, remarkable recyclability and stability towards N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28602507 2 20 theme -functionalized 486:500 arg1 nanoparticle 511:522 an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle 434:522 an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) 434:542 Herein, a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) was proposed. 28602507 2 20 theme -functionalized 486:500 arg1 Zr-SO3H 535:541 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 525:541 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 525:541 Herein, a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) was proposed. 28602507 5 21 gly glycoproteins 1014:1026 arg1 glycoproteins 1014:1026 85 different glycoproteins 1001:1026 85 different glycoproteins 1001:1026 In deep, a total of 177 N-linked glycopeptides, assigned to 85 different glycoproteins, were identified from the healthy human serum after treated with the Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H. 28602507 3 22 theme excellent 596:604 arg1 area 681:684 ultrahigh surface area 663:684 ultrahigh surface area 663:684 The as-prepared MOFs was endowed with excellent and unique properties, such as excellent hydrophilicity, ultrahigh surface area, and strong magnetic responsiveness. 28602507 3 22 theme excellent 596:604 arg1 hydrophilicity 647:660 excellent hydrophilicity 637:660 excellent hydrophilicity 637:660 The as-prepared MOFs was endowed with excellent and unique properties, such as excellent hydrophilicity, ultrahigh surface area, and strong magnetic responsiveness. 28602507 3 22 theme excellent 596:604 arg1 properties 617:626 excellent and unique properties 596:626 excellent and unique properties 596:626 The as-prepared MOFs was endowed with excellent and unique properties, such as excellent hydrophilicity, ultrahigh surface area, and strong magnetic responsiveness. 28602507 3 22 theme excellent 596:604 arg1 responsiveness 707:720 strong magnetic responsiveness 691:720 strong magnetic responsiveness 691:720 The as-prepared MOFs was endowed with excellent and unique properties, such as excellent hydrophilicity, ultrahigh surface area, and strong magnetic responsiveness. 28602507 3 23 with endowed 583:589 arg1 area 681:684 ultrahigh surface area 663:684 ultrahigh surface area 663:684 The as-prepared MOFs was endowed with excellent and unique properties, such as excellent hydrophilicity, ultrahigh surface area, and strong magnetic responsiveness. 28602507 3 23 with endowed 583:589 arg1 hydrophilicity 647:660 excellent hydrophilicity 637:660 excellent hydrophilicity 637:660 The as-prepared MOFs was endowed with excellent and unique properties, such as excellent hydrophilicity, ultrahigh surface area, and strong magnetic responsiveness. 28602507 3 23 with endowed 583:589 arg1 properties 617:626 excellent and unique properties 596:626 excellent and unique properties 596:626 The as-prepared MOFs was endowed with excellent and unique properties, such as excellent hydrophilicity, ultrahigh surface area, and strong magnetic responsiveness. 28602507 3 23 with endowed 583:589 arg1 responsiveness 707:720 strong magnetic responsiveness 691:720 strong magnetic responsiveness 691:720 The as-prepared MOFs was endowed with excellent and unique properties, such as excellent hydrophilicity, ultrahigh surface area, and strong magnetic responsiveness. 28602507 2 24 theme facile 418:423 arg1 route 425:429 a facile route 416:429 a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) 416:542 Herein, a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) was proposed. 28602507 5 25 theme Fe3O4 1097:1101 arg1 Zr-SO3H 1107:1113 the Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 1093:1113 the Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 1093:1113 In deep, a total of 177 N-linked glycopeptides, assigned to 85 different glycoproteins, were identified from the healthy human serum after treated with the Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H. 28602507 1 26 theme N-linked 220:227 arg1 glycopeptides 229:241 the N-linked glycopeptides 216:241 the N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples 216:273 Highly efficient extraction and enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples before mass spectrometry analysis remains important but challenging, due to the low abundance and suppression by proteins and salts. 28602507 0 27 theme ultra-hydrophilic 22:38 arg1 frameworks 75:84 ultra-hydrophilic sulfo-functionalized metal-organic frameworks 22:84 ultra-hydrophilic sulfo-functionalized metal-organic frameworks 22:84 Designed synthesis of ultra-hydrophilic sulfo-functionalized metal-organic frameworks with a magnetic core for highly efficient enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides. 28602507 0 28 theme N-linked 146:153 arg1 glycopeptides 155:167 the N-linked glycopeptides 142:167 the N-linked glycopeptides 142:167 Designed synthesis of ultra-hydrophilic sulfo-functionalized metal-organic frameworks with a magnetic core for highly efficient enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides. 28602507 6 29 theme promising 1168:1176 arg1 platform 1178:1185 a promising platform 1166:1185 a promising platform for preparing hydrophilic metal-organic framework-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for glycosylation analysis by mass spectrometry analysis 1166:1330 These results confirmed that our strategy offered a promising platform for preparing hydrophilic metal-organic framework-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for glycosylation analysis by mass spectrometry analysis. 28602507 6 30 theme spectrometry 1310:1321 arg1 analysis 1323:1330 mass spectrometry analysis 1305:1330 mass spectrometry analysis 1305:1330 These results confirmed that our strategy offered a promising platform for preparing hydrophilic metal-organic framework-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for glycosylation analysis by mass spectrometry analysis. 28602507 1 31 theme glycopeptides 229:241 arg1 enrichment 202:211 enrichment 202:211 enrichment 202:211 Highly efficient extraction and enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples before mass spectrometry analysis remains important but challenging, due to the low abundance and suppression by proteins and salts. 28602507 1 31 theme glycopeptides 229:241 arg1 extraction 187:196 Highly efficient extraction 170:196 Highly efficient extraction 170:196 Highly efficient extraction and enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples before mass spectrometry analysis remains important but challenging, due to the low abundance and suppression by proteins and salts. 28602507 4 32 link N-linked 907:914 arg1 enrichment 929:938 N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 907:938 N-linked glycopeptide enrichment 907:938 By virtue of these properties and based on hydrophilic interaction, Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H exhibited outstanding sensitivity and selectivity, remarkable recyclability and stability towards N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28602507 6 33 theme hydrophilic 1201:1211 arg1 nanoparticles 1261:1273 hydrophilic metal-organic framework-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles 1201:1273 hydrophilic metal-organic framework-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles 1201:1273 These results confirmed that our strategy offered a promising platform for preparing hydrophilic metal-organic framework-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for glycosylation analysis by mass spectrometry analysis. 28602507 5 34 theme @ 1102:1102 arg1 Zr-SO3H 1107:1113 the Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 1093:1113 the Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 1093:1113 In deep, a total of 177 N-linked glycopeptides, assigned to 85 different glycoproteins, were identified from the healthy human serum after treated with the Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H. 28602507 2 35 theme metal-organic 455:467 arg1 nanoparticle 511:522 an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle 434:522 an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) 434:542 Herein, a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) was proposed. 28602507 2 35 theme metal-organic 455:467 arg1 Zr-SO3H 535:541 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 525:541 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 525:541 Herein, a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) was proposed. 28602507 0 36 theme metal-organic 61:73 arg1 frameworks 75:84 ultra-hydrophilic sulfo-functionalized metal-organic frameworks 22:84 ultra-hydrophilic sulfo-functionalized metal-organic frameworks 22:84 Designed synthesis of ultra-hydrophilic sulfo-functionalized metal-organic frameworks with a magnetic core for highly efficient enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides. 28602507 2 37 theme ultra-hydrophilic 437:453 arg1 nanoparticle 511:522 an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle 434:522 an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) 434:542 Herein, a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) was proposed. 28602507 2 37 theme ultra-hydrophilic 437:453 arg1 Zr-SO3H 535:541 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 525:541 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 525:541 Herein, a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) was proposed. 28602507 5 38 theme healthy 1054:1060 arg1 serum 1068:1072 the healthy human serum 1050:1072 the healthy human serum 1050:1072 In deep, a total of 177 N-linked glycopeptides, assigned to 85 different glycoproteins, were identified from the healthy human serum after treated with the Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H. 28602507 6 39 theme magnetic 1252:1259 arg1 nanoparticles 1261:1273 hydrophilic metal-organic framework-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles 1201:1273 hydrophilic metal-organic framework-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles 1201:1273 These results confirmed that our strategy offered a promising platform for preparing hydrophilic metal-organic framework-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for glycosylation analysis by mass spectrometry analysis. 28602507 1 40 theme complex 248:254 arg1 samples 267:273 complex biological samples 248:273 complex biological samples 248:273 Highly efficient extraction and enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples before mass spectrometry analysis remains important but challenging, due to the low abundance and suppression by proteins and salts. 28602507 0 41 theme sulfo-functionalized 40:59 arg1 frameworks 75:84 ultra-hydrophilic sulfo-functionalized metal-organic frameworks 22:84 ultra-hydrophilic sulfo-functionalized metal-organic frameworks 22:84 Designed synthesis of ultra-hydrophilic sulfo-functionalized metal-organic frameworks with a magnetic core for highly efficient enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides. 28602507 6 42 theme metal-organic 1213:1225 arg1 nanoparticles 1261:1273 hydrophilic metal-organic framework-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles 1201:1273 hydrophilic metal-organic framework-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles 1201:1273 These results confirmed that our strategy offered a promising platform for preparing hydrophilic metal-organic framework-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for glycosylation analysis by mass spectrometry analysis. 28602507 0 43 theme glycopeptides 155:167 arg1 enrichment 128:137 highly efficient enrichment 111:137 highly efficient enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides 111:167 Designed synthesis of ultra-hydrophilic sulfo-functionalized metal-organic frameworks with a magnetic core for highly efficient enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides. 28602507 3 44 theme ultrahigh 663:671 arg1 area 681:684 ultrahigh surface area 663:684 ultrahigh surface area 663:684 The as-prepared MOFs was endowed with excellent and unique properties, such as excellent hydrophilicity, ultrahigh surface area, and strong magnetic responsiveness. 28602507 2 45 theme MOFs 481:484 arg1 nanoparticle 511:522 an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle 434:522 an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) 434:542 Herein, a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) was proposed. 28602507 2 45 theme MOFs 481:484 arg1 Zr-SO3H 535:541 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 525:541 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 525:541 Herein, a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) was proposed. 28602507 1 46 theme biological 256:265 arg1 samples 267:273 complex biological samples 248:273 complex biological samples 248:273 Highly efficient extraction and enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples before mass spectrometry analysis remains important but challenging, due to the low abundance and suppression by proteins and salts. 28602507 1 47 theme low 355:357 arg1 abundance 359:367 the low abundance 351:367 the low abundance 351:367 Highly efficient extraction and enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples before mass spectrometry analysis remains important but challenging, due to the low abundance and suppression by proteins and salts. 28602507 3 48 theme surface 673:679 arg1 area 681:684 ultrahigh surface area 663:684 ultrahigh surface area 663:684 The as-prepared MOFs was endowed with excellent and unique properties, such as excellent hydrophilicity, ultrahigh surface area, and strong magnetic responsiveness. 28602507 3 49 theme unique 610:615 arg1 area 681:684 ultrahigh surface area 663:684 ultrahigh surface area 663:684 The as-prepared MOFs was endowed with excellent and unique properties, such as excellent hydrophilicity, ultrahigh surface area, and strong magnetic responsiveness. 28602507 3 49 theme unique 610:615 arg1 hydrophilicity 647:660 excellent hydrophilicity 637:660 excellent hydrophilicity 637:660 The as-prepared MOFs was endowed with excellent and unique properties, such as excellent hydrophilicity, ultrahigh surface area, and strong magnetic responsiveness. 28602507 3 49 theme unique 610:615 arg1 properties 617:626 excellent and unique properties 596:626 excellent and unique properties 596:626 The as-prepared MOFs was endowed with excellent and unique properties, such as excellent hydrophilicity, ultrahigh surface area, and strong magnetic responsiveness. 28602507 3 49 theme unique 610:615 arg1 responsiveness 707:720 strong magnetic responsiveness 691:720 strong magnetic responsiveness 691:720 The as-prepared MOFs was endowed with excellent and unique properties, such as excellent hydrophilicity, ultrahigh surface area, and strong magnetic responsiveness. 28602507 4 50 theme properties 742:751 arg1 virtue 726:731 virtue 726:731 virtue of these properties 726:751 By virtue of these properties and based on hydrophilic interaction, Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H exhibited outstanding sensitivity and selectivity, remarkable recyclability and stability towards N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28602507 0 51 theme frameworks 75:84 arg1 synthesis 9:17 synthesis 9:17 synthesis of ultra-hydrophilic sulfo-functionalized metal-organic frameworks with a magnetic core for highly efficient enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides 9:167 Designed synthesis of ultra-hydrophilic sulfo-functionalized metal-organic frameworks with a magnetic core for highly efficient enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides. 28602507 6 52 theme mass 1305:1308 arg1 analysis 1323:1330 mass spectrometry analysis 1305:1330 mass spectrometry analysis 1305:1330 These results confirmed that our strategy offered a promising platform for preparing hydrophilic metal-organic framework-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for glycosylation analysis by mass spectrometry analysis. 28602507 5 53 link N-linked 965:972 arg1 glycopeptides 974:986 177 N-linked glycopeptides 961:986 177 N-linked glycopeptides 961:986 In deep, a total of 177 N-linked glycopeptides, assigned to 85 different glycoproteins, were identified from the healthy human serum after treated with the Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H. 28602507 3 54 theme magnetic 698:705 arg1 responsiveness 707:720 strong magnetic responsiveness 691:720 strong magnetic responsiveness 691:720 The as-prepared MOFs was endowed with excellent and unique properties, such as excellent hydrophilicity, ultrahigh surface area, and strong magnetic responsiveness. 28602507 1 55 gly glycopeptides 229:241 arg1 samples 267:273 complex biological samples 248:273 complex biological samples 248:273 Highly efficient extraction and enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples before mass spectrometry analysis remains important but challenging, due to the low abundance and suppression by proteins and salts. 28602507 1 55 gly glycopeptides 229:241 arg2 glycopeptides 229:241 the N-linked glycopeptides 216:241 the N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples 216:273 Highly efficient extraction and enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples before mass spectrometry analysis remains important but challenging, due to the low abundance and suppression by proteins and salts. 28602507 0 56 with synthesis 9:17 arg1 core 102:105 a magnetic core 91:105 a magnetic core for highly efficient enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides 91:167 Designed synthesis of ultra-hydrophilic sulfo-functionalized metal-organic frameworks with a magnetic core for highly efficient enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides. 28602507 5 57 theme @ 1106:1106 arg1 Zr-SO3H 1107:1113 the Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 1093:1113 the Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 1093:1113 In deep, a total of 177 N-linked glycopeptides, assigned to 85 different glycoproteins, were identified from the healthy human serum after treated with the Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H. 28602507 4 58 theme outstanding 819:829 arg1 sensitivity 831:841 sensitivity 831:841 sensitivity 831:841 By virtue of these properties and based on hydrophilic interaction, Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H exhibited outstanding sensitivity and selectivity, remarkable recyclability and stability towards N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28602507 1 59 from samples 267:273 arg1 enrichment 202:211 enrichment 202:211 enrichment 202:211 Highly efficient extraction and enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples before mass spectrometry analysis remains important but challenging, due to the low abundance and suppression by proteins and salts. 28602507 1 59 from samples 267:273 arg1 extraction 187:196 Highly efficient extraction 170:196 Highly efficient extraction 170:196 Highly efficient extraction and enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples before mass spectrometry analysis remains important but challenging, due to the low abundance and suppression by proteins and salts. 28602507 1 59 from samples 267:273 arg1 glycopeptides 229:241 the N-linked glycopeptides 216:241 the N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples 216:273 Highly efficient extraction and enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples before mass spectrometry analysis remains important but challenging, due to the low abundance and suppression by proteins and salts. 28602507 6 60 theme glycosylation 1279:1291 arg1 analysis 1293:1300 glycosylation analysis 1279:1300 glycosylation analysis by mass spectrometry analysis 1279:1330 These results confirmed that our strategy offered a promising platform for preparing hydrophilic metal-organic framework-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for glycosylation analysis by mass spectrometry analysis. 28602507 5 61 theme human 1062:1066 arg1 serum 1068:1072 the healthy human serum 1050:1072 the healthy human serum 1050:1072 In deep, a total of 177 N-linked glycopeptides, assigned to 85 different glycoproteins, were identified from the healthy human serum after treated with the Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H. 28602507 0 62 gly glycopeptides 155:167 arg2 glycopeptides 155:167 the N-linked glycopeptides 142:167 the N-linked glycopeptides 142:167 Designed synthesis of ultra-hydrophilic sulfo-functionalized metal-organic frameworks with a magnetic core for highly efficient enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides. 28602507 4 63 theme PDA 797:799 arg1 Zr-SO3H 801:807 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 791:807 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 791:807 By virtue of these properties and based on hydrophilic interaction, Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H exhibited outstanding sensitivity and selectivity, remarkable recyclability and stability towards N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. 28602507 6 64 theme framework-functionalized 1227:1250 arg1 nanoparticles 1261:1273 hydrophilic metal-organic framework-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles 1201:1273 hydrophilic metal-organic framework-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles 1201:1273 These results confirmed that our strategy offered a promising platform for preparing hydrophilic metal-organic framework-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for glycosylation analysis by mass spectrometry analysis. 28602507 5 65 theme PDA 1103:1105 arg1 Zr-SO3H 1107:1113 the Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 1093:1113 the Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 1093:1113 In deep, a total of 177 N-linked glycopeptides, assigned to 85 different glycoproteins, were identified from the healthy human serum after treated with the Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H. 28602507 5 66 theme N-linked 965:972 arg1 glycopeptides 974:986 177 N-linked glycopeptides 961:986 177 N-linked glycopeptides 961:986 In deep, a total of 177 N-linked glycopeptides, assigned to 85 different glycoproteins, were identified from the healthy human serum after treated with the Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H. 28602507 0 67 theme magnetic 93:100 arg1 core 102:105 a magnetic core 91:105 a magnetic core for highly efficient enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides 91:167 Designed synthesis of ultra-hydrophilic sulfo-functionalized metal-organic frameworks with a magnetic core for highly efficient enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides. 28602507 3 68 theme strong 691:696 arg1 responsiveness 707:720 strong magnetic responsiveness 691:720 strong magnetic responsiveness 691:720 The as-prepared MOFs was endowed with excellent and unique properties, such as excellent hydrophilicity, ultrahigh surface area, and strong magnetic responsiveness. 28602507 2 69 theme frameworks 469:478 arg1 nanoparticle 511:522 an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle 434:522 an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) 434:542 Herein, a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) was proposed. 28602507 2 69 theme frameworks 469:478 arg1 Zr-SO3H 535:541 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 525:541 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 525:541 Herein, a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) was proposed. 28602507 1 70 theme mass 282:285 arg1 analysis 300:307 mass spectrometry analysis 282:307 mass spectrometry analysis 282:307 Highly efficient extraction and enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples before mass spectrometry analysis remains important but challenging, due to the low abundance and suppression by proteins and salts. 28602507 2 71 theme @ 534:534 arg1 nanoparticle 511:522 an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle 434:522 an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) 434:542 Herein, a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) was proposed. 28602507 2 71 theme @ 534:534 arg1 Zr-SO3H 535:541 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 525:541 Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H 525:541 Herein, a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) was proposed. 28602507 3 72 theme excellent 637:645 arg1 hydrophilicity 647:660 excellent hydrophilicity 637:660 excellent hydrophilicity 637:660 The as-prepared MOFs was endowed with excellent and unique properties, such as excellent hydrophilicity, ultrahigh surface area, and strong magnetic responsiveness. 28602507 1 73 from enrichment 202:211 arg1 samples 267:273 complex biological samples 248:273 complex biological samples 248:273 Highly efficient extraction and enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples before mass spectrometry analysis remains important but challenging, due to the low abundance and suppression by proteins and salts. 28602507 1 74 theme efficient 177:185 arg1 extraction 187:196 Highly efficient extraction 170:196 Highly efficient extraction 170:196 Highly efficient extraction and enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples before mass spectrometry analysis remains important but challenging, due to the low abundance and suppression by proteins and salts. 28602507 1 75 theme spectrometry 287:298 arg1 analysis 300:307 mass spectrometry analysis 282:307 mass spectrometry analysis 282:307 Highly efficient extraction and enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples before mass spectrometry analysis remains important but challenging, due to the low abundance and suppression by proteins and salts. 28529037 1 0 theme antidiabetic 367:378 arg1 drugs 380:384 potential antidiabetic drugs 357:384 potential antidiabetic drugs 357:384 CONTEXT The bile acid taurocholic acid (TCA) is endogenously produced, and has shown formulation-stabilising effects when incorporated into microcapsules containing potential antidiabetic drugs. 28529037 8 1 theme oral 1843:1846 arg1 dose 1848:1851 a single 1.2mg/rat oral dose 1824:1851 a single 1.2mg/rat oral dose 1824:1851 CONCLUSIONS The developed TCA-microcapsules showed good stability and release properties, but did not lower blood glucose levels in T1D, which suggests absence of insulin-mimetic effects, when using a single 1.2mg/rat oral dose. 28529037 3 2 theme chemical 702:709 arg1 stability 723:731 chemical and thermal stability 702:731 chemical and thermal stability 702:731 METHODS Using the polymer sodium alginate (SA), SA-microcapsules (control) and TCA-microcapsules (test) were prepared, and assessed for morphology, surface composition, chemical and thermal stability, swelling, buoyancy, mechanical, release and rheological properties. 28529037 6 3 theme targeted-release 1268:1283 arg1 properties 1285:1294 targeted-release properties 1268:1294 targeted-release properties 1268:1294 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 28529037 4 4 dep ileum 957:961 arg1 pancreas 974:981 pancreas 974:981 pancreas 974:981 TCA-microcapsules were gavaged as a single dose (1.2mg/300g) to alloxan-induced diabetic rats, and blood glucose and TCA concentrations in serum, tissues (ileum, liver and pancreas) and faeces, were measured. 28529037 4 4 dep ileum 957:961 arg1 liver 964:968 liver 964:968 liver 964:968 TCA-microcapsules were gavaged as a single dose (1.2mg/300g) to alloxan-induced diabetic rats, and blood glucose and TCA concentrations in serum, tissues (ileum, liver and pancreas) and faeces, were measured. 28529037 7 5 theme treated 1551:1557 arg1 groups 1559:1564 treated groups 1551:1564 treated groups 1551:1564 TCA serum concentrations were lower in the healthy group, compared with the diabetic and diabetic-treated groups, but there was no significant difference between diabetic control and diabetic treated groups, in terms of TCA levels, and blood glucose concentrations. 28529037 2 6 theme Type 510:513 arg1 diabetes 517:524 Type 1 diabetes 510:524 Type 1 diabetes (T1D) 510:530 This study aimed to develop and characterise TCA-microcapsules, and test their antidiabetic effects, in an animal model of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). 28529037 2 6 theme Type 510:513 arg1 T1D 527:529 T1D 527:529 T1D 527:529 This study aimed to develop and characterise TCA-microcapsules, and test their antidiabetic effects, in an animal model of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). 28529037 5 7 theme gavaged 1071:1077 arg1 group 1040:1044 One healthy and one diabetic group 1011:1044 One healthy and one diabetic group 1011:1044 One healthy and one diabetic group were used as control and gavaged SA-microcapsules. 28529037 5 7 theme gavaged 1071:1077 arg1 SA-microcapsules 1079:1094 gavaged SA-microcapsules 1071:1094 gavaged SA-microcapsules 1071:1094 One healthy and one diabetic group were used as control and gavaged SA-microcapsules. 28529037 6 8 theme enhanced 1236:1243 arg1 swelling 1245:1252 enhanced swelling 1236:1252 enhanced swelling 1236:1252 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 28529037 8 9 theme insulin-mimetic 1788:1802 arg1 effects 1804:1810 insulin-mimetic effects 1788:1810 insulin-mimetic effects 1788:1810 CONCLUSIONS The developed TCA-microcapsules showed good stability and release properties, but did not lower blood glucose levels in T1D, which suggests absence of insulin-mimetic effects, when using a single 1.2mg/rat oral dose. 28529037 5 10 theme diabetic 1031:1038 arg1 group 1040:1044 One healthy and one diabetic group 1011:1044 One healthy and one diabetic group 1011:1044 One healthy and one diabetic group were used as control and gavaged SA-microcapsules. 28529037 5 10 theme diabetic 1031:1038 arg1 control 1059:1065 control 1059:1065 control 1059:1065 One healthy and one diabetic group were used as control and gavaged SA-microcapsules. 28529037 5 10 theme diabetic 1031:1038 arg1 SA-microcapsules 1079:1094 gavaged SA-microcapsules 1071:1094 gavaged SA-microcapsules 1071:1094 One healthy and one diabetic group were used as control and gavaged SA-microcapsules. 28529037 5 11 theme healthy 1015:1021 arg1 group 1040:1044 One healthy and one diabetic group 1011:1044 One healthy and one diabetic group 1011:1044 One healthy and one diabetic group were used as control and gavaged SA-microcapsules. 28529037 5 11 theme healthy 1015:1021 arg1 control 1059:1065 control 1059:1065 control 1059:1065 One healthy and one diabetic group were used as control and gavaged SA-microcapsules. 28529037 5 11 theme healthy 1015:1021 arg1 SA-microcapsules 1079:1094 gavaged SA-microcapsules 1071:1094 gavaged SA-microcapsules 1071:1094 One healthy and one diabetic group were used as control and gavaged SA-microcapsules. 28529037 6 12 from properties 1285:1294 arg1 surface 1163:1169 surface 1163:1169 surface 1163:1169 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 28529037 6 12 from properties 1285:1294 arg1 layers 1179:1184 all layers 1175:1184 all layers of microcapsules 1175:1201 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 28529037 3 13 theme polymer 551:557 arg1 SA 576:577 SA 576:577 SA 576:577 METHODS Using the polymer sodium alginate (SA), SA-microcapsules (control) and TCA-microcapsules (test) were prepared, and assessed for morphology, surface composition, chemical and thermal stability, swelling, buoyancy, mechanical, release and rheological properties. 28529037 3 13 theme polymer 551:557 arg1 alginate 566:573 the polymer sodium alginate 547:573 the polymer sodium alginate (SA) 547:578 METHODS Using the polymer sodium alginate (SA), SA-microcapsules (control) and TCA-microcapsules (test) were prepared, and assessed for morphology, surface composition, chemical and thermal stability, swelling, buoyancy, mechanical, release and rheological properties. 28529037 8 14 dep CONCLUSIONS 1625:1635 arg1 did 1719:1721 did 1719:1721 did 1719:1721 CONCLUSIONS The developed TCA-microcapsules showed good stability and release properties, but did not lower blood glucose levels in T1D, which suggests absence of insulin-mimetic effects, when using a single 1.2mg/rat oral dose. 28529037 8 14 dep CONCLUSIONS 1625:1635 arg1 showed 1669:1674 showed 1669:1674 showed good stability and release properties 1669:1712 CONCLUSIONS The developed TCA-microcapsules showed good stability and release properties, but did not lower blood glucose levels in T1D, which suggests absence of insulin-mimetic effects, when using a single 1.2mg/rat oral dose. 28529037 4 15 from concentrations 923:936 arg1 tissues 948:954 tissues 948:954 tissues (ileum, liver and pancreas) 948:982 TCA-microcapsules were gavaged as a single dose (1.2mg/300g) to alloxan-induced diabetic rats, and blood glucose and TCA concentrations in serum, tissues (ileum, liver and pancreas) and faeces, were measured. 28529037 4 15 from concentrations 923:936 arg1 serum 941:945 serum 941:945 serum 941:945 TCA-microcapsules were gavaged as a single dose (1.2mg/300g) to alloxan-induced diabetic rats, and blood glucose and TCA concentrations in serum, tissues (ileum, liver and pancreas) and faeces, were measured. 28529037 4 15 from concentrations 923:936 arg1 faeces 988:993 faeces 988:993 faeces 988:993 TCA-microcapsules were gavaged as a single dose (1.2mg/300g) to alloxan-induced diabetic rats, and blood glucose and TCA concentrations in serum, tissues (ileum, liver and pancreas) and faeces, were measured. 28529037 4 16 theme TCA 919:921 arg1 concentrations 923:936 blood glucose and TCA concentrations 901:936 blood glucose and TCA concentrations in serum, tissues (ileum, liver and pancreas) and faeces, 901:994 TCA-microcapsules were gavaged as a single dose (1.2mg/300g) to alloxan-induced diabetic rats, and blood glucose and TCA concentrations in serum, tissues (ileum, liver and pancreas) and faeces, were measured. 28529037 7 17 theme diabetic 1435:1442 arg1 groups 1465:1470 the diabetic and diabetic-treated groups 1431:1470 the diabetic and diabetic-treated groups 1431:1470 TCA serum concentrations were lower in the healthy group, compared with the diabetic and diabetic-treated groups, but there was no significant difference between diabetic control and diabetic treated groups, in terms of TCA levels, and blood glucose concentrations. 28529037 3 18 theme sodium 559:564 arg1 SA 576:577 SA 576:577 SA 576:577 METHODS Using the polymer sodium alginate (SA), SA-microcapsules (control) and TCA-microcapsules (test) were prepared, and assessed for morphology, surface composition, chemical and thermal stability, swelling, buoyancy, mechanical, release and rheological properties. 28529037 3 18 theme sodium 559:564 arg1 alginate 566:573 the polymer sodium alginate 547:573 the polymer sodium alginate (SA) 547:578 METHODS Using the polymer sodium alginate (SA), SA-microcapsules (control) and TCA-microcapsules (test) were prepared, and assessed for morphology, surface composition, chemical and thermal stability, swelling, buoyancy, mechanical, release and rheological properties. 28529037 6 19 from size 1141:1144 arg1 surface 1163:1169 surface 1163:1169 surface 1163:1169 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 28529037 6 19 from size 1141:1144 arg1 layers 1179:1184 all layers 1175:1184 all layers of microcapsules 1175:1201 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 28529037 6 20 theme Non-Newtonian 1328:1340 arg1 properties 1347:1356 Non-Newtonian flow properties 1328:1356 Non-Newtonian flow properties 1328:1356 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 28529037 3 21 theme thermal 715:721 arg1 stability 723:731 chemical and thermal stability 702:731 chemical and thermal stability 702:731 METHODS Using the polymer sodium alginate (SA), SA-microcapsules (control) and TCA-microcapsules (test) were prepared, and assessed for morphology, surface composition, chemical and thermal stability, swelling, buoyancy, mechanical, release and rheological properties. 28529037 6 22 theme thermal 1217:1223 arg1 stability 1225:1233 chemical and thermal stability 1204:1233 stability 1225:1233 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 28529037 6 23 from presence 1151:1158 arg1 surface 1163:1169 surface 1163:1169 surface 1163:1169 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 28529037 6 23 from presence 1151:1158 arg1 layers 1179:1184 all layers 1175:1184 all layers of microcapsules 1175:1201 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 28529037 7 24 theme healthy 1402:1408 arg1 group 1410:1414 the healthy group 1398:1414 the healthy group 1398:1414 TCA serum concentrations were lower in the healthy group, compared with the diabetic and diabetic-treated groups, but there was no significant difference between diabetic control and diabetic treated groups, in terms of TCA levels, and blood glucose concentrations. 28529037 8 25 theme release 1695:1701 arg1 properties 1703:1712 release properties 1695:1712 release properties 1695:1712 CONCLUSIONS The developed TCA-microcapsules showed good stability and release properties, but did not lower blood glucose levels in T1D, which suggests absence of insulin-mimetic effects, when using a single 1.2mg/rat oral dose. 28529037 8 26 theme developed 1641:1649 arg1 TCA-microcapsules 1651:1667 The developed TCA-microcapsules 1637:1667 The developed TCA-microcapsules 1637:1667 CONCLUSIONS The developed TCA-microcapsules showed good stability and release properties, but did not lower blood glucose levels in T1D, which suggests absence of insulin-mimetic effects, when using a single 1.2mg/rat oral dose. 28529037 8 27 theme effects 1804:1810 arg1 absence 1777:1783 absence 1777:1783 absence of insulin-mimetic effects 1777:1810 CONCLUSIONS The developed TCA-microcapsules showed good stability and release properties, but did not lower blood glucose levels in T1D, which suggests absence of insulin-mimetic effects, when using a single 1.2mg/rat oral dose. 28529037 6 28 theme consistent 1130:1139 arg1 size 1141:1144 consistent size 1130:1144 consistent size 1130:1144 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 28529037 0 29 theme taurocholic 75:85 arg1 acid 69:72 the conjugated bile acid 49:72 the conjugated bile acid 49:72 Diabetes development increased concentrations of the conjugated bile acid, taurocholic acid in serum, while treatment with microencapsulated-taurocholic acid exerted no hypoglycaemic effects. 28529037 0 29 theme taurocholic 75:85 arg1 acid 87:90 taurocholic acid 75:90 taurocholic acid 75:90 Diabetes development increased concentrations of the conjugated bile acid, taurocholic acid in serum, while treatment with microencapsulated-taurocholic acid exerted no hypoglycaemic effects. 28529037 6 30 theme chemical 1204:1211 arg1 stability 1225:1233 chemical and thermal stability 1204:1233 stability 1225:1233 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 28529037 1 31 contain containing 346:355 arg1 microcapsules 332:344 microcapsules 332:344 microcapsules containing potential antidiabetic drugs 332:384 CONTEXT The bile acid taurocholic acid (TCA) is endogenously produced, and has shown formulation-stabilising effects when incorporated into microcapsules containing potential antidiabetic drugs. 28529037 1 31 contain containing 346:355 arg2 drugs 380:384 potential antidiabetic drugs 357:384 potential antidiabetic drugs 357:384 CONTEXT The bile acid taurocholic acid (TCA) is endogenously produced, and has shown formulation-stabilising effects when incorporated into microcapsules containing potential antidiabetic drugs. 28529037 4 32 theme alloxan-induced 866:880 arg1 rats 891:894 alloxan-induced diabetic rats 866:894 alloxan-induced diabetic rats 866:894 TCA-microcapsules were gavaged as a single dose (1.2mg/300g) to alloxan-induced diabetic rats, and blood glucose and TCA concentrations in serum, tissues (ileum, liver and pancreas) and faeces, were measured. 28529037 8 33 from levels 1747:1752 arg1 T1D 1757:1759 T1D 1757:1759 T1D 1757:1759 CONCLUSIONS The developed TCA-microcapsules showed good stability and release properties, but did not lower blood glucose levels in T1D, which suggests absence of insulin-mimetic effects, when using a single 1.2mg/rat oral dose. 28529037 0 34 theme Diabetes 0:7 arg1 development 9:19 Diabetes development 0:19 Diabetes development 0:19 Diabetes development increased concentrations of the conjugated bile acid, taurocholic acid in serum, while treatment with microencapsulated-taurocholic acid exerted no hypoglycaemic effects. 28529037 7 35 theme concentrations 1609:1622 arg1 terms 1570:1574 terms 1570:1574 terms of TCA levels, and blood glucose concentrations 1570:1622 TCA serum concentrations were lower in the healthy group, compared with the diabetic and diabetic-treated groups, but there was no significant difference between diabetic control and diabetic treated groups, in terms of TCA levels, and blood glucose concentrations. 28529037 4 36 theme single 838:843 arg1 1.2mg/300g 851:860 1.2mg/300g 851:860 1.2mg/300g 851:860 TCA-microcapsules were gavaged as a single dose (1.2mg/300g) to alloxan-induced diabetic rats, and blood glucose and TCA concentrations in serum, tissues (ileum, liver and pancreas) and faeces, were measured. 28529037 4 36 theme single 838:843 arg1 dose 845:848 a single dose 836:848 a single dose (1.2mg/300g) to alloxan-induced diabetic rats 836:894 TCA-microcapsules were gavaged as a single dose (1.2mg/300g) to alloxan-induced diabetic rats, and blood glucose and TCA concentrations in serum, tissues (ileum, liver and pancreas) and faeces, were measured. 28529037 4 36 theme single 838:843 arg1 TCA-microcapsules 802:818 TCA-microcapsules 802:818 TCA-microcapsules 802:818 TCA-microcapsules were gavaged as a single dose (1.2mg/300g) to alloxan-induced diabetic rats, and blood glucose and TCA concentrations in serum, tissues (ileum, liver and pancreas) and faeces, were measured. 28529037 8 37 theme single 1826:1831 arg1 dose 1848:1851 a single 1.2mg/rat oral dose 1824:1851 a single 1.2mg/rat oral dose 1824:1851 CONCLUSIONS The developed TCA-microcapsules showed good stability and release properties, but did not lower blood glucose levels in T1D, which suggests absence of insulin-mimetic effects, when using a single 1.2mg/rat oral dose. 28529037 1 38 theme bile 204:207 arg1 TCA 232:234 TCA 232:234 TCA 232:234 CONTEXT The bile acid taurocholic acid (TCA) is endogenously produced, and has shown formulation-stabilising effects when incorporated into microcapsules containing potential antidiabetic drugs. 28529037 1 38 theme bile 204:207 arg1 acid 226:229 The bile acid taurocholic acid 200:229 CONTEXT The bile acid taurocholic acid (TCA) 192:235 CONTEXT The bile acid taurocholic acid (TCA) is endogenously produced, and has shown formulation-stabilising effects when incorporated into microcapsules containing potential antidiabetic drugs. 28529037 1 39 theme formulation-stabilising 277:299 arg1 effects 301:307 formulation-stabilising effects 277:307 formulation-stabilising effects when incorporated into microcapsules containing potential antidiabetic drugs 277:384 CONTEXT The bile acid taurocholic acid (TCA) is endogenously produced, and has shown formulation-stabilising effects when incorporated into microcapsules containing potential antidiabetic drugs. 28529037 4 40 theme blood 901:905 arg1 glucose 907:913 blood glucose 901:913 blood glucose 901:913 TCA-microcapsules were gavaged as a single dose (1.2mg/300g) to alloxan-induced diabetic rats, and blood glucose and TCA concentrations in serum, tissues (ileum, liver and pancreas) and faeces, were measured. 28529037 7 41 theme TCA 1359:1361 arg1 concentrations 1369:1382 TCA serum concentrations 1359:1382 TCA serum concentrations 1359:1382 TCA serum concentrations were lower in the healthy group, compared with the diabetic and diabetic-treated groups, but there was no significant difference between diabetic control and diabetic treated groups, in terms of TCA levels, and blood glucose concentrations. 28529037 7 42 theme serum 1363:1367 arg1 concentrations 1369:1382 TCA serum concentrations 1359:1382 TCA serum concentrations 1359:1382 TCA serum concentrations were lower in the healthy group, compared with the diabetic and diabetic-treated groups, but there was no significant difference between diabetic control and diabetic treated groups, in terms of TCA levels, and blood glucose concentrations. 28529037 1 43 theme acid 209:212 arg1 TCA 232:234 TCA 232:234 TCA 232:234 CONTEXT The bile acid taurocholic acid (TCA) is endogenously produced, and has shown formulation-stabilising effects when incorporated into microcapsules containing potential antidiabetic drugs. 28529037 1 43 theme acid 209:212 arg1 acid 226:229 The bile acid taurocholic acid 200:229 CONTEXT The bile acid taurocholic acid (TCA) 192:235 CONTEXT The bile acid taurocholic acid (TCA) is endogenously produced, and has shown formulation-stabilising effects when incorporated into microcapsules containing potential antidiabetic drugs. 28529037 2 44 theme antidiabetic 466:477 arg1 effects 479:485 their antidiabetic effects 460:485 their antidiabetic effects 460:485 This study aimed to develop and characterise TCA-microcapsules, and test their antidiabetic effects, in an animal model of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). 28529037 7 45 theme blood 1595:1599 arg1 concentrations 1609:1622 blood glucose concentrations 1595:1622 blood glucose concentrations 1595:1622 TCA serum concentrations were lower in the healthy group, compared with the diabetic and diabetic-treated groups, but there was no significant difference between diabetic control and diabetic treated groups, in terms of TCA levels, and blood glucose concentrations. 28529037 6 46 theme rheological 1300:1310 arg1 analysis 1312:1319 rheological analysis 1300:1319 rheological analysis 1300:1319 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 28529037 4 47 theme glucose 907:913 arg1 concentrations 923:936 blood glucose and TCA concentrations 901:936 blood glucose and TCA concentrations in serum, tissues (ileum, liver and pancreas) and faeces, 901:994 TCA-microcapsules were gavaged as a single dose (1.2mg/300g) to alloxan-induced diabetic rats, and blood glucose and TCA concentrations in serum, tissues (ileum, liver and pancreas) and faeces, were measured. 28529037 6 48 from stability 1225:1233 arg1 surface 1163:1169 surface 1163:1169 surface 1163:1169 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 28529037 6 48 from stability 1225:1233 arg1 layers 1179:1184 all layers 1175:1184 all layers of microcapsules 1175:1201 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 28529037 8 49 theme blood 1733:1737 arg1 levels 1747:1752 lower blood glucose levels 1727:1752 lower blood glucose levels in T1D 1727:1759 CONCLUSIONS The developed TCA-microcapsules showed good stability and release properties, but did not lower blood glucose levels in T1D, which suggests absence of insulin-mimetic effects, when using a single 1.2mg/rat oral dose. 28529037 1 50 theme taurocholic 214:224 arg1 TCA 232:234 TCA 232:234 TCA 232:234 CONTEXT The bile acid taurocholic acid (TCA) is endogenously produced, and has shown formulation-stabilising effects when incorporated into microcapsules containing potential antidiabetic drugs. 28529037 1 50 theme taurocholic 214:224 arg1 acid 226:229 The bile acid taurocholic acid 200:229 CONTEXT The bile acid taurocholic acid (TCA) 192:235 CONTEXT The bile acid taurocholic acid (TCA) is endogenously produced, and has shown formulation-stabilising effects when incorporated into microcapsules containing potential antidiabetic drugs. 28529037 7 51 theme glucose 1601:1607 arg1 concentrations 1609:1622 blood glucose concentrations 1595:1622 blood glucose concentrations 1595:1622 TCA serum concentrations were lower in the healthy group, compared with the diabetic and diabetic-treated groups, but there was no significant difference between diabetic control and diabetic treated groups, in terms of TCA levels, and blood glucose concentrations. 28529037 6 52 theme microcapsules 1189:1201 arg1 surface 1163:1169 surface 1163:1169 surface 1163:1169 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 28529037 6 52 theme microcapsules 1189:1201 arg1 layers 1179:1184 all layers 1175:1184 all layers of microcapsules 1175:1201 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 28529037 8 53 theme lower 1727:1731 arg1 levels 1747:1752 lower blood glucose levels 1727:1752 lower blood glucose levels in T1D 1727:1759 CONCLUSIONS The developed TCA-microcapsules showed good stability and release properties, but did not lower blood glucose levels in T1D, which suggests absence of insulin-mimetic effects, when using a single 1.2mg/rat oral dose. 28529037 6 54 from buoyancy 1255:1262 arg1 surface 1163:1169 surface 1163:1169 surface 1163:1169 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 28529037 6 54 from buoyancy 1255:1262 arg1 layers 1179:1184 all layers 1175:1184 all layers of microcapsules 1175:1201 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 28529037 0 55 theme microencapsulated-taurocholic 123:151 arg1 acid 153:156 microencapsulated-taurocholic acid 123:156 microencapsulated-taurocholic acid 123:156 Diabetes development increased concentrations of the conjugated bile acid, taurocholic acid in serum, while treatment with microencapsulated-taurocholic acid exerted no hypoglycaemic effects. 28529037 7 56 theme diabetic-treated 1448:1463 arg1 groups 1465:1470 the diabetic and diabetic-treated groups 1431:1470 the diabetic and diabetic-treated groups 1431:1470 TCA serum concentrations were lower in the healthy group, compared with the diabetic and diabetic-treated groups, but there was no significant difference between diabetic control and diabetic treated groups, in terms of TCA levels, and blood glucose concentrations. 28529037 2 57 theme animal 494:499 arg1 model 501:505 an animal model 491:505 an animal model of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) 491:530 This study aimed to develop and characterise TCA-microcapsules, and test their antidiabetic effects, in an animal model of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). 28529037 4 58 theme diabetic 882:889 arg1 rats 891:894 alloxan-induced diabetic rats 866:894 alloxan-induced diabetic rats 866:894 TCA-microcapsules were gavaged as a single dose (1.2mg/300g) to alloxan-induced diabetic rats, and blood glucose and TCA concentrations in serum, tissues (ileum, liver and pancreas) and faeces, were measured. 28529037 0 59 theme acid 69:72 arg1 concentrations 31:44 concentrations 31:44 concentrations of the conjugated bile acid, taurocholic acid 31:90 Diabetes development increased concentrations of the conjugated bile acid, taurocholic acid in serum, while treatment with microencapsulated-taurocholic acid exerted no hypoglycaemic effects. 28529037 8 60 theme glucose 1739:1745 arg1 levels 1747:1752 lower blood glucose levels 1727:1752 lower blood glucose levels in T1D 1727:1759 CONCLUSIONS The developed TCA-microcapsules showed good stability and release properties, but did not lower blood glucose levels in T1D, which suggests absence of insulin-mimetic effects, when using a single 1.2mg/rat oral dose. 28529037 0 61 theme conjugated 53:62 arg1 acid 69:72 the conjugated bile acid 49:72 the conjugated bile acid 49:72 Diabetes development increased concentrations of the conjugated bile acid, taurocholic acid in serum, while treatment with microencapsulated-taurocholic acid exerted no hypoglycaemic effects. 28529037 0 61 theme conjugated 53:62 arg1 acid 87:90 taurocholic acid 75:90 taurocholic acid 75:90 Diabetes development increased concentrations of the conjugated bile acid, taurocholic acid in serum, while treatment with microencapsulated-taurocholic acid exerted no hypoglycaemic effects. 28529037 7 62 theme TCA 1579:1581 arg1 levels 1583:1588 TCA levels 1579:1588 TCA levels 1579:1588 TCA serum concentrations were lower in the healthy group, compared with the diabetic and diabetic-treated groups, but there was no significant difference between diabetic control and diabetic treated groups, in terms of TCA levels, and blood glucose concentrations. 28529037 1 63 theme potential 357:365 arg1 drugs 380:384 potential antidiabetic drugs 357:384 potential antidiabetic drugs 357:384 CONTEXT The bile acid taurocholic acid (TCA) is endogenously produced, and has shown formulation-stabilising effects when incorporated into microcapsules containing potential antidiabetic drugs. 28529037 1 64 dep CONTEXT 192:198 arg1 TCA 232:234 TCA 232:234 TCA 232:234 CONTEXT The bile acid taurocholic acid (TCA) is endogenously produced, and has shown formulation-stabilising effects when incorporated into microcapsules containing potential antidiabetic drugs. 28529037 1 64 dep CONTEXT 192:198 arg1 acid 226:229 The bile acid taurocholic acid 200:229 CONTEXT The bile acid taurocholic acid (TCA) 192:235 CONTEXT The bile acid taurocholic acid (TCA) is endogenously produced, and has shown formulation-stabilising effects when incorporated into microcapsules containing potential antidiabetic drugs. 28529037 8 65 dep did 1719:1721 arg1 suggests 1768:1775 suggests 1768:1775 suggests 1768:1775 CONCLUSIONS The developed TCA-microcapsules showed good stability and release properties, but did not lower blood glucose levels in T1D, which suggests absence of insulin-mimetic effects, when using a single 1.2mg/rat oral dose. 28529037 7 66 theme levels 1583:1588 arg1 terms 1570:1574 terms 1570:1574 terms of TCA levels, and blood glucose concentrations 1570:1622 TCA serum concentrations were lower in the healthy group, compared with the diabetic and diabetic-treated groups, but there was no significant difference between diabetic control and diabetic treated groups, in terms of TCA levels, and blood glucose concentrations. 28529037 4 67 dep tissues 948:954 arg1 ileum 957:961 ileum 957:961 ileum 957:961 TCA-microcapsules were gavaged as a single dose (1.2mg/300g) to alloxan-induced diabetic rats, and blood glucose and TCA concentrations in serum, tissues (ileum, liver and pancreas) and faeces, were measured. 28529037 7 68 theme significant 1490:1500 arg1 difference 1502:1511 no significant difference 1487:1511 no significant difference between diabetic control and diabetic treated groups 1487:1564 TCA serum concentrations were lower in the healthy group, compared with the diabetic and diabetic-treated groups, but there was no significant difference between diabetic control and diabetic treated groups, in terms of TCA levels, and blood glucose concentrations. 28529037 8 69 theme 1.2mg/rat 1833:1841 arg1 dose 1848:1851 a single 1.2mg/rat oral dose 1824:1851 a single 1.2mg/rat oral dose 1824:1851 CONCLUSIONS The developed TCA-microcapsules showed good stability and release properties, but did not lower blood glucose levels in T1D, which suggests absence of insulin-mimetic effects, when using a single 1.2mg/rat oral dose. 28529037 3 70 theme rheological 778:788 arg1 properties 790:799 rheological properties 778:799 rheological properties 778:799 METHODS Using the polymer sodium alginate (SA), SA-microcapsules (control) and TCA-microcapsules (test) were prepared, and assessed for morphology, surface composition, chemical and thermal stability, swelling, buoyancy, mechanical, release and rheological properties. 28529037 0 71 theme hypoglycaemic 169:181 arg1 effects 183:189 no hypoglycaemic effects 166:189 no hypoglycaemic effects 166:189 Diabetes development increased concentrations of the conjugated bile acid, taurocholic acid in serum, while treatment with microencapsulated-taurocholic acid exerted no hypoglycaemic effects. 28529037 6 72 theme TCA 1147:1149 arg1 presence 1151:1158 TCA presence 1147:1158 TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules 1147:1201 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 28529037 2 73 theme diabetes 517:524 arg1 model 501:505 an animal model 491:505 an animal model of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) 491:530 This study aimed to develop and characterise TCA-microcapsules, and test their antidiabetic effects, in an animal model of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). 28529037 5 74 used used 1051:1054 arg2 SA-microcapsules 1079:1094 gavaged SA-microcapsules 1071:1094 gavaged SA-microcapsules 1071:1094 One healthy and one diabetic group were used as control and gavaged SA-microcapsules. 28529037 5 74 used used 1051:1054 arg2 group 1040:1044 One healthy and one diabetic group 1011:1044 One healthy and one diabetic group 1011:1044 One healthy and one diabetic group were used as control and gavaged SA-microcapsules. 28529037 5 74 used used 1051:1054 arg2 control 1059:1065 control 1059:1065 control 1059:1065 One healthy and one diabetic group were used as control and gavaged SA-microcapsules. 28529037 0 75 with treatment 108:116 arg1 acid 153:156 microencapsulated-taurocholic acid 123:156 microencapsulated-taurocholic acid 123:156 Diabetes development increased concentrations of the conjugated bile acid, taurocholic acid in serum, while treatment with microencapsulated-taurocholic acid exerted no hypoglycaemic effects. 28529037 6 76 from swelling 1245:1252 arg1 surface 1163:1169 surface 1163:1169 surface 1163:1169 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 28529037 6 76 from swelling 1245:1252 arg1 layers 1179:1184 all layers 1175:1184 all layers of microcapsules 1175:1201 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 28529037 0 77 theme bile 64:67 arg1 acid 69:72 the conjugated bile acid 49:72 the conjugated bile acid 49:72 Diabetes development increased concentrations of the conjugated bile acid, taurocholic acid in serum, while treatment with microencapsulated-taurocholic acid exerted no hypoglycaemic effects. 28529037 0 77 theme bile 64:67 arg1 acid 87:90 taurocholic acid 75:90 taurocholic acid 75:90 Diabetes development increased concentrations of the conjugated bile acid, taurocholic acid in serum, while treatment with microencapsulated-taurocholic acid exerted no hypoglycaemic effects. 28529037 3 78 theme surface 681:687 arg1 composition 689:699 surface composition 681:699 surface composition 681:699 METHODS Using the polymer sodium alginate (SA), SA-microcapsules (control) and TCA-microcapsules (test) were prepared, and assessed for morphology, surface composition, chemical and thermal stability, swelling, buoyancy, mechanical, release and rheological properties. 28529037 7 79 dep control 1530:1536 arg1 groups 1559:1564 treated groups 1551:1564 treated groups 1551:1564 TCA serum concentrations were lower in the healthy group, compared with the diabetic and diabetic-treated groups, but there was no significant difference between diabetic control and diabetic treated groups, in terms of TCA levels, and blood glucose concentrations. 28529037 8 80 theme good 1676:1679 arg1 stability 1681:1689 good stability 1676:1689 good stability 1676:1689 CONCLUSIONS The developed TCA-microcapsules showed good stability and release properties, but did not lower blood glucose levels in T1D, which suggests absence of insulin-mimetic effects, when using a single 1.2mg/rat oral dose. 28529037 6 81 theme flow 1342:1345 arg1 properties 1347:1356 Non-Newtonian flow properties 1328:1356 Non-Newtonian flow properties 1328:1356 RESULTS TCA-microcapsules showed consistent size, TCA presence on surface and all layers of microcapsules, chemical and thermal stability, enhanced swelling, buoyancy and targeted-release properties and rheological analysis showed Non-Newtonian flow properties. 25080446 8 0 with sequences 1023:1031 arg1 pyrosequencing 1042:1055 454 pyrosequencing 1038:1055 454 pyrosequencing 1038:1055 The composition of the gut microbiota was assessed by analysing 16S rRNA gene sequences with 454 pyrosequencing. 25080446 9 1 theme HFHS-induced 1099:1110 arg1 gain 1119:1122 HFHS-induced weight gain 1099:1122 HFHS-induced weight gain 1099:1122 RESULTS CE treatment was found to reduce HFHS-induced weight gain and visceral obesity. 25080446 14 2 from increase 1948:1955 arg1 spp 1972:1974 Akkermansia spp 1960:1974 Akkermansia spp 1960:1974 CONCLUSIONS CE exerts beneficial metabolic effects through improving HFHS diet-induced features of the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a proportional increase in Akkermansia spp. 25080446 10 3 theme triglyceride 1191:1202 arg1 accumulation 1204:1215 triglyceride accumulation 1191:1215 triglyceride accumulation 1191:1215 CE treatment also decreased liver weight and triglyceride accumulation in association with blunted hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation. 25080446 11 4 theme improved 1351:1358 arg1 tolerance 1368:1376 improved insulin tolerance 1351:1376 improved insulin tolerance 1351:1376 CE administration improved insulin sensitivity, as revealed by improved insulin tolerance, lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and decreased glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia during an oral glucose tolerance test. 25080446 0 5 with association 122:132 arg1 spp 161:163 increased Akkermansia spp 139:163 increased Akkermansia spp 139:163 A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract protects from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increased Akkermansia spp. 25080446 5 6 theme extract 628:634 arg1 impact 606:611 the metabolic impact 592:611 the metabolic impact of a cranberry extract (CE) on high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice 592:680 We aimed to investigate the metabolic impact of a cranberry extract (CE) on high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice and to determine whether its consequent antidiabetic effects are related to modulations in the gut microbiota. 25080446 9 7 theme visceral 1128:1135 arg1 obesity 1137:1143 visceral obesity 1128:1143 visceral obesity 1128:1143 RESULTS CE treatment was found to reduce HFHS-induced weight gain and visceral obesity. 25080446 2 8 theme conventional 309:320 arg1 treatments 322:331 conventional treatments 309:331 conventional treatments 309:331 OBJECTIVE The increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) demonstrates the failure of conventional treatments to curb these diseases. 25080446 1 9 theme mice 202:205 arg1 microbiota 188:197 the gut microbiota 180:197 the gut microbiota of mice 180:205 population in the gut microbiota of mice. 25080446 11 10 theme insulin 1417:1423 arg1 resistance 1425:1434 insulin resistance 1417:1434 insulin resistance 1417:1434 CE administration improved insulin sensitivity, as revealed by improved insulin tolerance, lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and decreased glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia during an oral glucose tolerance test. 25080446 13 11 theme Akkermansia 1745:1755 arg1 proportion 1701:1710 the proportion 1697:1710 the proportion of the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia in our metagenomic samples 1697:1782 Interestingly, CE treatment markedly increased the proportion of the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia in our metagenomic samples. 25080446 0 12 theme Akkermansia 149:159 arg1 spp 161:163 increased Akkermansia spp 139:163 increased Akkermansia spp 139:163 A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract protects from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increased Akkermansia spp. 25080446 2 13 theme obesity 247:253 arg1 prevalence 233:242 The increasing prevalence 218:242 The increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) 218:279 OBJECTIVE The increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) demonstrates the failure of conventional treatments to curb these diseases. 25080446 12 14 theme triglyceride 1566:1577 arg1 content 1579:1585 intestinal triglyceride content 1555:1585 intestinal triglyceride content 1555:1585 CE treatment was found to lower intestinal triglyceride content and to alleviate intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress. 25080446 7 15 dep vehicle 898:904 arg1 either 886:891 either 886:891 either 886:891 HFHS-fed mice were gavaged daily either with vehicle (water) or CE (200 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. 25080446 2 16 theme diabetes 266:273 arg1 prevalence 233:242 The increasing prevalence 218:242 The increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) 218:279 OBJECTIVE The increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) demonstrates the failure of conventional treatments to curb these diseases. 25080446 11 17 theme resistance 1425:1434 arg1 assessment 1403:1412 lower homeostasis model assessment 1379:1412 lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance 1379:1434 CE administration improved insulin sensitivity, as revealed by improved insulin tolerance, lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and decreased glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia during an oral glucose tolerance test. 25080446 5 18 theme consequent 711:720 arg1 effects 735:741 its consequent antidiabetic effects 707:741 its consequent antidiabetic effects 707:741 We aimed to investigate the metabolic impact of a cranberry extract (CE) on high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice and to determine whether its consequent antidiabetic effects are related to modulations in the gut microbiota. 25080446 2 19 theme type 259:262 arg1 T2D 276:278 T2D 276:278 T2D 276:278 OBJECTIVE The increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) demonstrates the failure of conventional treatments to curb these diseases. 25080446 2 19 theme type 259:262 arg1 diabetes 266:273 type 2 diabetes 259:273 type 2 diabetes (T2D) 259:279 OBJECTIVE The increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) demonstrates the failure of conventional treatments to curb these diseases. 25080446 5 20 from impact 606:611 arg1 mice 677:680 high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice 644:680 high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice 644:680 We aimed to investigate the metabolic impact of a cranberry extract (CE) on high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice and to determine whether its consequent antidiabetic effects are related to modulations in the gut microbiota. 25080446 4 21 theme macrocarpon 491:501 arg1 Aiton 503:507 Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton 481:507 Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton 481:507 Importantly, cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) is associated with a number of beneficial health effects. 25080446 4 21 theme macrocarpon 491:501 arg1 cranberry 470:478 cranberry 470:478 cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) 470:508 Importantly, cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) is associated with a number of beneficial health effects. 25080446 11 22 theme glucose 1499:1505 arg1 test 1517:1520 an oral glucose tolerance test 1491:1520 an oral glucose tolerance test 1491:1520 CE administration improved insulin sensitivity, as revealed by improved insulin tolerance, lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and decreased glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia during an oral glucose tolerance test. 25080446 14 23 theme diet-induced 1859:1870 arg1 features 1872:1879 HFHS diet-induced features 1854:1879 HFHS diet-induced features of the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a proportional increase in Akkermansia spp 1854:1974 CONCLUSIONS CE exerts beneficial metabolic effects through improving HFHS diet-induced features of the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a proportional increase in Akkermansia spp. 25080446 3 24 theme gut 361:363 arg1 microbiota 365:374 The gut microbiota 357:374 The gut microbiota 357:374 The gut microbiota has been put forward as a key player in the pathophysiology of diet-induced T2D. 25080446 11 25 theme tolerance 1507:1515 arg1 test 1517:1520 an oral glucose tolerance test 1491:1520 an oral glucose tolerance test 1491:1520 CE administration improved insulin sensitivity, as revealed by improved insulin tolerance, lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and decreased glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia during an oral glucose tolerance test. 25080446 0 26 theme intestinal 95:104 arg1 inflammation 106:117 intestinal inflammation 95:117 intestinal inflammation 95:117 A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract protects from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increased Akkermansia spp. 25080446 5 27 theme metabolic 596:604 arg1 impact 606:611 the metabolic impact 592:611 the metabolic impact of a cranberry extract (CE) on high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice 592:680 We aimed to investigate the metabolic impact of a cranberry extract (CE) on high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice and to determine whether its consequent antidiabetic effects are related to modulations in the gut microbiota. 25080446 14 28 theme metabolic 1888:1896 arg1 syndrome 1898:1905 the metabolic syndrome 1884:1905 the metabolic syndrome 1884:1905 CONCLUSIONS CE exerts beneficial metabolic effects through improving HFHS diet-induced features of the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a proportional increase in Akkermansia spp. 25080446 11 29 theme model 1397:1401 arg1 assessment 1403:1412 lower homeostasis model assessment 1379:1412 lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance 1379:1434 CE administration improved insulin sensitivity, as revealed by improved insulin tolerance, lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and decreased glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia during an oral glucose tolerance test. 25080446 11 30 theme lower 1379:1383 arg1 assessment 1403:1412 lower homeostasis model assessment 1379:1412 lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance 1379:1434 CE administration improved insulin sensitivity, as revealed by improved insulin tolerance, lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and decreased glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia during an oral glucose tolerance test. 25080446 14 31 theme HFHS 1854:1857 arg1 features 1872:1879 HFHS diet-induced features 1854:1879 HFHS diet-induced features of the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a proportional increase in Akkermansia spp 1854:1974 CONCLUSIONS CE exerts beneficial metabolic effects through improving HFHS diet-induced features of the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a proportional increase in Akkermansia spp. 25080446 8 32 theme microbiota 972:981 arg1 composition 949:959 The composition 945:959 The composition of the gut microbiota 945:981 The composition of the gut microbiota was assessed by analysing 16S rRNA gene sequences with 454 pyrosequencing. 25080446 10 33 theme hepatic 1245:1251 arg1 stress 1263:1268 blunted hepatic oxidative stress 1237:1268 blunted hepatic oxidative stress 1237:1268 CE treatment also decreased liver weight and triglyceride accumulation in association with blunted hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation. 25080446 0 34 theme cranberry 18:26 arg1 extract 28:34 A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract 0:34 A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract 0:34 A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract protects from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increased Akkermansia spp. 25080446 3 35 theme key 402:404 arg1 forward 389:395 forward 389:395 forward 389:395 The gut microbiota has been put forward as a key player in the pathophysiology of diet-induced T2D. 25080446 3 35 theme key 402:404 arg1 player 406:411 a key player 400:411 a key player in the pathophysiology of diet-induced T2D 400:454 The gut microbiota has been put forward as a key player in the pathophysiology of diet-induced T2D. 25080446 4 36 theme health 552:557 arg1 effects 559:565 beneficial health effects 541:565 beneficial health effects 541:565 Importantly, cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) is associated with a number of beneficial health effects. 25080446 3 37 theme diet-induced 439:450 arg1 T2D 452:454 diet-induced T2D 439:454 diet-induced T2D 439:454 The gut microbiota has been put forward as a key player in the pathophysiology of diet-induced T2D. 25080446 14 38 theme Akkermansia 1960:1970 arg1 spp 1972:1974 Akkermansia spp 1960:1974 Akkermansia spp 1960:1974 CONCLUSIONS CE exerts beneficial metabolic effects through improving HFHS diet-induced features of the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a proportional increase in Akkermansia spp. 25080446 14 39 theme metabolic 1818:1826 arg1 effects 1828:1834 beneficial metabolic effects 1807:1834 beneficial metabolic effects 1807:1834 CONCLUSIONS CE exerts beneficial metabolic effects through improving HFHS diet-induced features of the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a proportional increase in Akkermansia spp. 25080446 0 40 theme diet-induced 50:61 arg1 obesity 63:69 diet-induced obesity 50:69 diet-induced obesity 50:69 A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract protects from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increased Akkermansia spp. 25080446 13 41 from proportion 1701:1710 arg1 samples 1776:1782 our metagenomic samples 1760:1782 our metagenomic samples 1760:1782 Interestingly, CE treatment markedly increased the proportion of the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia in our metagenomic samples. 25080446 8 42 theme rRNA 1013:1016 arg1 sequences 1023:1031 16S rRNA gene sequences 1009:1031 16S rRNA gene sequences with 454 pyrosequencing 1009:1055 The composition of the gut microbiota was assessed by analysing 16S rRNA gene sequences with 454 pyrosequencing. 25080446 9 43 theme RESULTS 1058:1064 arg1 treatment 1069:1077 RESULTS CE treatment 1058:1077 RESULTS CE treatment 1058:1077 RESULTS CE treatment was found to reduce HFHS-induced weight gain and visceral obesity. 25080446 14 44 theme CONCLUSIONS 1785:1795 arg1 CE 1797:1798 CONCLUSIONS CE 1785:1798 CONCLUSIONS CE 1785:1798 CONCLUSIONS CE exerts beneficial metabolic effects through improving HFHS diet-induced features of the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a proportional increase in Akkermansia spp. 25080446 6 45 theme DESIGN 793:798 arg1 mice 809:812 DESIGN C57BL/6J mice 793:812 DESIGN C57BL/6J mice 793:812 DESIGN C57BL/6J mice were fed either a chow or a HFHS diet. 25080446 11 46 theme insulin 1360:1366 arg1 tolerance 1368:1376 improved insulin tolerance 1351:1376 improved insulin tolerance 1351:1376 CE administration improved insulin sensitivity, as revealed by improved insulin tolerance, lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and decreased glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia during an oral glucose tolerance test. 25080446 6 47 theme HFHS 842:845 arg1 diet 847:850 a HFHS diet 840:850 a HFHS diet 840:850 DESIGN C57BL/6J mice were fed either a chow or a HFHS diet. 25080446 9 48 theme weight 1112:1117 arg1 gain 1119:1122 HFHS-induced weight gain 1099:1122 HFHS-induced weight gain 1099:1122 RESULTS CE treatment was found to reduce HFHS-induced weight gain and visceral obesity. 25080446 1 49 theme gut 184:186 arg1 microbiota 188:197 the gut microbiota 180:197 the gut microbiota of mice 180:205 population in the gut microbiota of mice. 25080446 13 50 theme metagenomic 1764:1774 arg1 samples 1776:1782 our metagenomic samples 1760:1782 our metagenomic samples 1760:1782 Interestingly, CE treatment markedly increased the proportion of the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia in our metagenomic samples. 25080446 5 51 theme cranberry 618:626 arg1 CE 637:638 CE 637:638 CE 637:638 We aimed to investigate the metabolic impact of a cranberry extract (CE) on high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice and to determine whether its consequent antidiabetic effects are related to modulations in the gut microbiota. 25080446 5 51 theme cranberry 618:626 arg1 extract 628:634 a cranberry extract 616:634 a cranberry extract (CE) 616:639 We aimed to investigate the metabolic impact of a cranberry extract (CE) on high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice and to determine whether its consequent antidiabetic effects are related to modulations in the gut microbiota. 25080446 2 52 theme treatments 322:331 arg1 failure 298:304 the failure 294:304 the failure of conventional treatments to curb these diseases 294:354 OBJECTIVE The increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) demonstrates the failure of conventional treatments to curb these diseases. 25080446 0 53 theme increased 139:147 arg1 spp 161:163 increased Akkermansia spp 139:163 increased Akkermansia spp 139:163 A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract protects from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increased Akkermansia spp. 25080446 12 54 theme intestinal 1604:1613 arg1 inflammation 1615:1626 intestinal inflammation 1604:1626 intestinal inflammation 1604:1626 CE treatment was found to lower intestinal triglyceride content and to alleviate intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress. 25080446 13 55 theme bacterium 1735:1743 arg1 Akkermansia 1745:1755 the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia 1715:1755 the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia 1715:1755 Interestingly, CE treatment markedly increased the proportion of the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia in our metagenomic samples. 25080446 5 56 theme -fed 672:675 arg1 mice 677:680 high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice 644:680 high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice 644:680 We aimed to investigate the metabolic impact of a cranberry extract (CE) on high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice and to determine whether its consequent antidiabetic effects are related to modulations in the gut microbiota. 25080446 14 57 theme proportional 1935:1946 arg1 increase 1948:1955 a proportional increase 1933:1955 a proportional increase in Akkermansia spp 1933:1974 CONCLUSIONS CE exerts beneficial metabolic effects through improving HFHS diet-induced features of the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a proportional increase in Akkermansia spp. 25080446 12 58 theme intestinal 1555:1564 arg1 content 1579:1585 intestinal triglyceride content 1555:1585 intestinal triglyceride content 1555:1585 CE treatment was found to lower intestinal triglyceride content and to alleviate intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress. 25080446 11 59 theme CE 1288:1289 arg1 administration 1291:1304 CE administration 1288:1304 CE administration 1288:1304 CE administration improved insulin sensitivity, as revealed by improved insulin tolerance, lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and decreased glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia during an oral glucose tolerance test. 25080446 5 60 theme high 644:647 arg1 mice 677:680 high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice 644:680 high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice 644:680 We aimed to investigate the metabolic impact of a cranberry extract (CE) on high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice and to determine whether its consequent antidiabetic effects are related to modulations in the gut microbiota. 25080446 11 61 theme glucose-induced 1450:1464 arg1 hyperinsulinaemia 1466:1482 glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia 1450:1482 glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia 1450:1482 CE administration improved insulin sensitivity, as revealed by improved insulin tolerance, lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and decreased glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia during an oral glucose tolerance test. 25080446 14 62 theme syndrome 1898:1905 arg1 features 1872:1879 HFHS diet-induced features 1854:1879 HFHS diet-induced features of the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a proportional increase in Akkermansia spp 1854:1974 CONCLUSIONS CE exerts beneficial metabolic effects through improving HFHS diet-induced features of the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a proportional increase in Akkermansia spp. 25080446 10 63 theme CE 1146:1147 arg1 treatment 1149:1157 CE treatment 1146:1157 CE treatment 1146:1157 CE treatment also decreased liver weight and triglyceride accumulation in association with blunted hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation. 25080446 0 64 theme insulin 72:78 arg1 resistance 80:89 insulin resistance 72:89 insulin resistance 72:89 A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract protects from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increased Akkermansia spp. 25080446 11 65 theme oral 1494:1497 arg1 test 1517:1520 an oral glucose tolerance test 1491:1520 an oral glucose tolerance test 1491:1520 CE administration improved insulin sensitivity, as revealed by improved insulin tolerance, lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and decreased glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia during an oral glucose tolerance test. 25080446 5 66 theme antidiabetic 722:733 arg1 effects 735:741 its consequent antidiabetic effects 707:741 its consequent antidiabetic effects 707:741 We aimed to investigate the metabolic impact of a cranberry extract (CE) on high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice and to determine whether its consequent antidiabetic effects are related to modulations in the gut microbiota. 25080446 5 67 from modulations 758:768 arg1 microbiota 781:790 the gut microbiota 773:790 the gut microbiota 773:790 We aimed to investigate the metabolic impact of a cranberry extract (CE) on high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice and to determine whether its consequent antidiabetic effects are related to modulations in the gut microbiota. 25080446 10 68 theme liver 1174:1178 arg1 weight 1180:1185 liver weight 1174:1185 liver weight 1174:1185 CE treatment also decreased liver weight and triglyceride accumulation in association with blunted hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation. 25080446 3 69 from player 406:411 arg1 pathophysiology 420:434 the pathophysiology 416:434 the pathophysiology of diet-induced T2D 416:454 The gut microbiota has been put forward as a key player in the pathophysiology of diet-induced T2D. 25080446 10 70 with association 1220:1230 arg1 inflammation 1274:1285 inflammation 1274:1285 inflammation 1274:1285 CE treatment also decreased liver weight and triglyceride accumulation in association with blunted hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation. 25080446 10 70 with association 1220:1230 arg1 stress 1263:1268 blunted hepatic oxidative stress 1237:1268 blunted hepatic oxidative stress 1237:1268 CE treatment also decreased liver weight and triglyceride accumulation in association with blunted hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation. 25080446 12 71 theme CE 1523:1524 arg1 treatment 1526:1534 CE treatment 1523:1534 CE treatment 1523:1534 CE treatment was found to lower intestinal triglyceride content and to alleviate intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress. 25080446 13 72 theme mucin-degrading 1719:1733 arg1 Akkermansia 1745:1755 the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia 1715:1755 the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia 1715:1755 Interestingly, CE treatment markedly increased the proportion of the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia in our metagenomic samples. 25080446 11 73 theme homeostasis 1385:1395 arg1 assessment 1403:1412 lower homeostasis model assessment 1379:1412 lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance 1379:1434 CE administration improved insulin sensitivity, as revealed by improved insulin tolerance, lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and decreased glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia during an oral glucose tolerance test. 25080446 8 74 theme gut 968:970 arg1 microbiota 972:981 the gut microbiota 964:981 the gut microbiota 964:981 The composition of the gut microbiota was assessed by analysing 16S rRNA gene sequences with 454 pyrosequencing. 25080446 1 75 from population 166:175 arg1 microbiota 188:197 the gut microbiota 180:197 the gut microbiota of mice 180:205 population in the gut microbiota of mice. 25080446 4 76 theme Vaccinium 481:489 arg1 Aiton 503:507 Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton 481:507 Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton 481:507 Importantly, cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) is associated with a number of beneficial health effects. 25080446 4 76 theme Vaccinium 481:489 arg1 cranberry 470:478 cranberry 470:478 cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) 470:508 Importantly, cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) is associated with a number of beneficial health effects. 25080446 0 77 theme polyphenol-rich 2:16 arg1 extract 28:34 A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract 0:34 A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract 0:34 A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract protects from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increased Akkermansia spp. 25080446 4 78 theme beneficial 541:550 arg1 effects 559:565 beneficial health effects 541:565 beneficial health effects 541:565 Importantly, cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) is associated with a number of beneficial health effects. 25080446 10 79 theme oxidative 1253:1261 arg1 stress 1263:1268 blunted hepatic oxidative stress 1237:1268 blunted hepatic oxidative stress 1237:1268 CE treatment also decreased liver weight and triglyceride accumulation in association with blunted hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation. 25080446 5 80 theme gut 777:779 arg1 microbiota 781:790 the gut microbiota 773:790 the gut microbiota 773:790 We aimed to investigate the metabolic impact of a cranberry extract (CE) on high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice and to determine whether its consequent antidiabetic effects are related to modulations in the gut microbiota. 25080446 4 81 theme effects 559:565 arg1 number 531:536 a number 529:536 a number of beneficial health effects 529:565 Importantly, cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) is associated with a number of beneficial health effects. 25080446 10 82 theme blunted 1237:1243 arg1 stress 1263:1268 blunted hepatic oxidative stress 1237:1268 blunted hepatic oxidative stress 1237:1268 CE treatment also decreased liver weight and triglyceride accumulation in association with blunted hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation. 25080446 8 83 theme 16S 1009:1011 arg1 sequences 1023:1031 16S rRNA gene sequences 1009:1031 16S rRNA gene sequences with 454 pyrosequencing 1009:1055 The composition of the gut microbiota was assessed by analysing 16S rRNA gene sequences with 454 pyrosequencing. 25080446 12 84 theme oxidative 1632:1640 arg1 stress 1642:1647 oxidative stress 1632:1647 oxidative stress 1632:1647 CE treatment was found to lower intestinal triglyceride content and to alleviate intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress. 25080446 11 85 theme insulin 1315:1321 arg1 sensitivity 1323:1333 insulin sensitivity 1315:1333 insulin sensitivity 1315:1333 CE administration improved insulin sensitivity, as revealed by improved insulin tolerance, lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and decreased glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia during an oral glucose tolerance test. 25080446 3 86 theme T2D 452:454 arg1 pathophysiology 420:434 the pathophysiology 416:434 the pathophysiology of diet-induced T2D 416:454 The gut microbiota has been put forward as a key player in the pathophysiology of diet-induced T2D. 25080446 14 87 theme beneficial 1807:1816 arg1 effects 1828:1834 beneficial metabolic effects 1807:1834 beneficial metabolic effects 1807:1834 CONCLUSIONS CE exerts beneficial metabolic effects through improving HFHS diet-induced features of the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a proportional increase in Akkermansia spp. 25080446 8 88 theme gene 1018:1021 arg1 sequences 1023:1031 16S rRNA gene sequences 1009:1031 16S rRNA gene sequences with 454 pyrosequencing 1009:1055 The composition of the gut microbiota was assessed by analysing 16S rRNA gene sequences with 454 pyrosequencing. 25080446 2 89 theme increasing 222:231 arg1 prevalence 233:242 The increasing prevalence 218:242 The increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) 218:279 OBJECTIVE The increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) demonstrates the failure of conventional treatments to curb these diseases. 25080446 7 90 theme HFHS-fed 853:860 arg1 mice 862:865 HFHS-fed mice 853:865 HFHS-fed mice 853:865 HFHS-fed mice were gavaged daily either with vehicle (water) or CE (200 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. 25080446 6 91 theme C57BL/6J 800:807 arg1 mice 809:812 DESIGN C57BL/6J mice 793:812 DESIGN C57BL/6J mice 793:812 DESIGN C57BL/6J mice were fed either a chow or a HFHS diet. 25080446 2 92 dep OBJECTIVE 208:216 arg1 demonstrates 281:292 demonstrates 281:292 demonstrates the failure of conventional treatments to curb these diseases 281:354 OBJECTIVE The increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) demonstrates the failure of conventional treatments to curb these diseases. 25080446 9 93 theme CE 1066:1067 arg1 treatment 1069:1077 RESULTS CE treatment 1058:1077 RESULTS CE treatment 1058:1077 RESULTS CE treatment was found to reduce HFHS-induced weight gain and visceral obesity. 25080446 13 94 theme CE 1665:1666 arg1 treatment 1668:1676 CE treatment 1665:1676 CE treatment 1665:1676 Interestingly, CE treatment markedly increased the proportion of the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia in our metagenomic samples. 25080446 12 95 dep content 1579:1585 arg1 lower 1549:1553 lower 1549:1553 lower 1549:1553 CE treatment was found to lower intestinal triglyceride content and to alleviate intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress. 25687164 4 0 theme wt 704:705 arg1 vHFD 695:698 vHFD 695:698 vHFD 695:698 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 4 0 theme wt 704:705 arg1 lipids 711:716 lipids 711:716 lipids 711:716 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 4 0 theme wt 704:705 arg1 % 706:706 45 wt% 701:706 45 wt% of lipids 701:716 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 6 1 theme vHFD 886:889 arg1 mice 891:894 Only vHFD mice 881:894 Only vHFD mice 881:894 Only vHFD mice significantly increased body weight and fat mass vs LFD mice. 25687164 10 2 theme other 1299:1303 arg1 groups 1305:1310 both other groups 1294:1310 both other groups 1294:1310 In turn, vHFD mice showed more goblet cells in all intestine segments vs both other groups and a decrease of Bacteroides-Prevotella in their microbiota vs LFD mice. 25687164 0 3 theme goblet 136:141 arg1 cells 143:147 intestinal goblet cells 125:147 intestinal goblet cells in mice 125:155 Increasing fat content from 20 to 45 wt% in a complex diet induces lower endotoxemia in parallel with an increased number of intestinal goblet cells in mice. 25687164 0 4 from number 115:120 arg1 mice 152:155 mice 152:155 mice 152:155 Increasing fat content from 20 to 45 wt% in a complex diet induces lower endotoxemia in parallel with an increased number of intestinal goblet cells in mice. 25687164 10 5 theme Bacteroides-Prevotella 1330:1351 arg1 decrease 1318:1325 a decrease 1316:1325 a decrease of Bacteroides-Prevotella in their microbiota vs LFD mice 1316:1383 In turn, vHFD mice showed more goblet cells in all intestine segments vs both other groups and a decrease of Bacteroides-Prevotella in their microbiota vs LFD mice. 25687164 13 6 theme goblet 1745:1750 arg1 cells 1752:1756 intestinal goblet cells 1734:1756 intestinal goblet cells 1734:1756 These results reveal the impact of the diet composition on intestinal goblet cells and mucus coat, bringing new insights about further consequences on HFD-induced metabolic disorders. 25687164 6 7 theme LFD 948:950 arg1 mice 952:955 LFD mice 948:955 LFD mice 948:955 Only vHFD mice significantly increased body weight and fat mass vs LFD mice. 25687164 13 8 theme diet 1714:1717 arg1 composition 1719:1729 the diet composition 1710:1729 the diet composition 1710:1729 These results reveal the impact of the diet composition on intestinal goblet cells and mucus coat, bringing new insights about further consequences on HFD-induced metabolic disorders. 25687164 4 9 theme chow 743:746 arg1 ingredients 748:758 chow ingredients 743:758 chow ingredients 743:758 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 13 10 from consequences 1810:1821 arg1 disorders 1848:1856 HFD-induced metabolic disorders 1826:1856 HFD-induced metabolic disorders 1826:1856 These results reveal the impact of the diet composition on intestinal goblet cells and mucus coat, bringing new insights about further consequences on HFD-induced metabolic disorders. 25687164 3 11 theme inflammation 501:512 arg1 increases 465:473 parallel increases 456:473 parallel increases of endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic and intestinal alterations 456:554 We hypothesized that increasing dietary lipid amounts could be linked to parallel increases of endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic and intestinal alterations. 25687164 3 12 theme alterations 544:554 arg1 increases 465:473 parallel increases 456:473 parallel increases of endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic and intestinal alterations 456:554 We hypothesized that increasing dietary lipid amounts could be linked to parallel increases of endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic and intestinal alterations. 25687164 1 13 from impacts 162:168 arg1 onset 202:206 the onset 198:206 the onset of metabolic endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation 198:258 The impacts of high-fat diets (HFDs) on the onset of metabolic endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation are well established in rodent models. 25687164 4 14 theme lipids 630:635 arg1 lipids 630:635 lipids 630:635 lipids 630:635 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 4 14 theme lipids 630:635 arg1 % 625:625 2.6 wt% 619:625 2.6 wt% of lipids 619:635 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 4 14 theme lipids 630:635 arg1 LFD 614:616 LFD 614:616 LFD 614:616 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 0 15 theme increased 105:113 arg1 number 115:120 an increased number 102:120 an increased number of intestinal goblet cells in mice 102:155 Increasing fat content from 20 to 45 wt% in a complex diet induces lower endotoxemia in parallel with an increased number of intestinal goblet cells in mice. 25687164 5 16 theme colon 838:842 arg1 contents 844:851 distal colon contents 831:851 distal colon contents 831:851 After 12 weeks, white adipose tissues, liver, intestine, distal colon contents, and plasma were collected. 25687164 4 17 dep HFD 650:652 arg1 lipids 671:676 lipids 671:676 lipids 671:676 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 4 17 dep HFD 650:652 arg1 % 666:666 22 wt% 661:666 22 wt% of lipids 661:676 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 4 17 dep HFD 650:652 arg1 mHFD 655:658 mHFD 655:658 mHFD 655:658 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 7 18 theme triglycerides 1021:1033 arg1 concentrations 1003:1016 plasma concentrations 996:1016 plasma concentrations of triglycerides, leptin and adiponectin, and liver lipids 996:1075 This was associated with increases of plasma concentrations of triglycerides, leptin and adiponectin, and liver lipids. 25687164 13 19 theme metabolic 1838:1846 arg1 disorders 1848:1856 HFD-induced metabolic disorders 1826:1856 HFD-induced metabolic disorders 1826:1856 These results reveal the impact of the diet composition on intestinal goblet cells and mucus coat, bringing new insights about further consequences on HFD-induced metabolic disorders. 25687164 8 20 theme LFD 1120:1122 arg1 mice 1133:1136 LFD and mHFD mice 1120:1136 LFD and mHFD mice 1120:1136 No such differences were observed between LFD and mHFD mice. 25687164 7 21 theme concentrations 1003:1016 arg1 increases 983:991 increases 983:991 increases of plasma concentrations of triglycerides, leptin and adiponectin, and liver lipids 983:1075 This was associated with increases of plasma concentrations of triglycerides, leptin and adiponectin, and liver lipids. 25687164 1 22 theme rodent 284:289 arg1 models 291:296 rodent models 284:296 rodent models 284:296 The impacts of high-fat diets (HFDs) on the onset of metabolic endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation are well established in rodent models. 25687164 8 23 theme mHFD 1128:1131 arg1 mice 1133:1136 LFD and mHFD mice 1120:1136 LFD and mHFD mice 1120:1136 No such differences were observed between LFD and mHFD mice. 25687164 13 24 theme further 1802:1808 arg1 consequences 1810:1821 further consequences 1802:1821 further consequences on HFD-induced metabolic disorders 1802:1856 These results reveal the impact of the diet composition on intestinal goblet cells and mucus coat, bringing new insights about further consequences on HFD-induced metabolic disorders. 25687164 4 25 theme wt 664:665 arg1 lipids 671:676 lipids 671:676 lipids 671:676 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 4 25 theme wt 664:665 arg1 % 666:666 22 wt% 661:666 22 wt% of lipids 661:676 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 4 25 theme wt 664:665 arg1 mHFD 655:658 mHFD 655:658 mHFD 655:658 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 2 26 theme lipid 335:339 arg1 intakes 341:347 dietary lipid intakes 327:347 dietary lipid intakes 327:347 However, the dose-effect of dietary lipid intakes on these parameters is not known. 25687164 0 27 theme lower 67:71 arg1 endotoxemia 73:83 lower endotoxemia 67:83 lower endotoxemia 67:83 Increasing fat content from 20 to 45 wt% in a complex diet induces lower endotoxemia in parallel with an increased number of intestinal goblet cells in mice. 25687164 12 28 theme alterations 1652:1662 arg1 magnitude 1594:1602 the magnitude 1590:1602 the magnitude of endotoxemia, inflammation, and physiological alterations 1590:1662 Altogether, using complex HFD, no associations were observed between dietary lipid amounts and the magnitude of endotoxemia, inflammation, and physiological alterations developed. 25687164 5 29 theme white 790:794 arg1 intestine 820:828 intestine 820:828 intestine 820:828 After 12 weeks, white adipose tissues, liver, intestine, distal colon contents, and plasma were collected. 25687164 5 29 theme white 790:794 arg1 liver 813:817 liver 813:817 liver 813:817 After 12 weeks, white adipose tissues, liver, intestine, distal colon contents, and plasma were collected. 25687164 5 29 theme white 790:794 arg1 tissues 804:810 white adipose tissues, liver, intestine, distal colon contents, and plasma 790:863 tissues 804:810 After 12 weeks, white adipose tissues, liver, intestine, distal colon contents, and plasma were collected. 25687164 5 29 theme white 790:794 arg1 plasma 858:863 plasma 858:863 plasma 858:863 After 12 weeks, white adipose tissues, liver, intestine, distal colon contents, and plasma were collected. 25687164 4 30 theme moderate 641:648 arg1 HFD 650:652 a moderate HFD 639:652 a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids) 639:677 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 13 31 from impact 1700:1705 arg1 coat 1768:1771 mucus coat 1762:1771 mucus coat 1762:1771 These results reveal the impact of the diet composition on intestinal goblet cells and mucus coat, bringing new insights about further consequences on HFD-induced metabolic disorders. 25687164 13 31 from impact 1700:1705 arg1 cells 1752:1756 intestinal goblet cells 1734:1756 intestinal goblet cells 1734:1756 These results reveal the impact of the diet composition on intestinal goblet cells and mucus coat, bringing new insights about further consequences on HFD-induced metabolic disorders. 25687164 4 32 dep HFD 690:692 arg1 vHFD 695:698 vHFD 695:698 vHFD 695:698 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 4 32 dep HFD 690:692 arg1 lipids 711:716 lipids 711:716 lipids 711:716 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 4 32 dep HFD 690:692 arg1 % 706:706 45 wt% 701:706 45 wt% of lipids 701:716 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 1 33 theme endotoxemia 221:231 arg1 onset 202:206 the onset 198:206 the onset of metabolic endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation 198:258 The impacts of high-fat diets (HFDs) on the onset of metabolic endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation are well established in rodent models. 25687164 12 34 theme inflammation 1620:1631 arg1 magnitude 1594:1602 the magnitude 1590:1602 the magnitude of endotoxemia, inflammation, and physiological alterations 1590:1662 Altogether, using complex HFD, no associations were observed between dietary lipid amounts and the magnitude of endotoxemia, inflammation, and physiological alterations developed. 25687164 1 35 theme low-grade 237:245 arg1 inflammation 247:258 low-grade inflammation 237:258 low-grade inflammation 237:258 The impacts of high-fat diets (HFDs) on the onset of metabolic endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation are well established in rodent models. 25687164 0 36 dep 45 34:35 arg1 to 31:32 to 31:32 to 31:32 Increasing fat content from 20 to 45 wt% in a complex diet induces lower endotoxemia in parallel with an increased number of intestinal goblet cells in mice. 25687164 13 37 theme new 1783:1785 arg1 insights 1787:1794 new insights 1783:1794 new insights 1783:1794 These results reveal the impact of the diet composition on intestinal goblet cells and mucus coat, bringing new insights about further consequences on HFD-induced metabolic disorders. 25687164 5 38 theme distal 831:836 arg1 contents 844:851 distal colon contents 831:851 distal colon contents 831:851 After 12 weeks, white adipose tissues, liver, intestine, distal colon contents, and plasma were collected. 25687164 3 39 attach linked 446:451 arg1 increases 465:473 parallel increases 456:473 parallel increases of endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic and intestinal alterations 456:554 We hypothesized that increasing dietary lipid amounts could be linked to parallel increases of endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic and intestinal alterations. 25687164 3 39 attach linked 446:451 arg2 amounts 429:435 increasing dietary lipid amounts 404:435 increasing dietary lipid amounts 404:435 We hypothesized that increasing dietary lipid amounts could be linked to parallel increases of endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic and intestinal alterations. 25687164 7 40 theme lipids 1070:1075 arg1 concentrations 1003:1016 plasma concentrations 996:1016 plasma concentrations of triglycerides, leptin and adiponectin, and liver lipids 996:1075 This was associated with increases of plasma concentrations of triglycerides, leptin and adiponectin, and liver lipids. 25687164 3 41 theme dietary 415:421 arg1 amounts 429:435 increasing dietary lipid amounts 404:435 increasing dietary lipid amounts 404:435 We hypothesized that increasing dietary lipid amounts could be linked to parallel increases of endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic and intestinal alterations. 25687164 9 42 theme metabolic 1163:1171 arg1 endotoxemia 1173:1183 metabolic endotoxemia 1163:1183 metabolic endotoxemia 1163:1183 However, mHFD developed metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation, unlike vHFD mice. 25687164 12 43 theme endotoxemia 1607:1617 arg1 magnitude 1594:1602 the magnitude 1590:1602 the magnitude of endotoxemia, inflammation, and physiological alterations 1590:1662 Altogether, using complex HFD, no associations were observed between dietary lipid amounts and the magnitude of endotoxemia, inflammation, and physiological alterations developed. 25687164 11 44 theme occludin 1469:1476 arg1 phosphorylation 1478:1492 occludin phosphorylation 1469:1492 occludin phosphorylation 1469:1492 Finally, mHFD mice colon exhibited a decrease in lactobacilli and in the levels of occludin phosphorylation. 25687164 13 45 theme mucus 1762:1766 arg1 coat 1768:1771 mucus coat 1762:1771 mucus coat 1762:1771 These results reveal the impact of the diet composition on intestinal goblet cells and mucus coat, bringing new insights about further consequences on HFD-induced metabolic disorders. 25687164 12 46 theme dietary 1564:1570 arg1 amounts 1578:1584 dietary lipid amounts 1564:1584 dietary lipid amounts 1564:1584 Altogether, using complex HFD, no associations were observed between dietary lipid amounts and the magnitude of endotoxemia, inflammation, and physiological alterations developed. 25687164 4 47 theme male 570:573 arg1 mice 584:587 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice 557:587 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice 557:587 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 7 48 theme plasma 996:1001 arg1 concentrations 1003:1016 plasma concentrations 996:1016 plasma concentrations of triglycerides, leptin and adiponectin, and liver lipids 996:1075 This was associated with increases of plasma concentrations of triglycerides, leptin and adiponectin, and liver lipids. 25687164 0 49 theme cells 143:147 arg1 number 115:120 an increased number 102:120 an increased number of intestinal goblet cells in mice 102:155 Increasing fat content from 20 to 45 wt% in a complex diet induces lower endotoxemia in parallel with an increased number of intestinal goblet cells in mice. 25687164 7 50 theme leptin 1036:1041 arg1 concentrations 1003:1016 plasma concentrations 996:1016 plasma concentrations of triglycerides, leptin and adiponectin, and liver lipids 996:1075 This was associated with increases of plasma concentrations of triglycerides, leptin and adiponectin, and liver lipids. 25687164 11 51 theme mice 1400:1403 arg1 colon 1405:1409 mHFD mice colon 1395:1409 mHFD mice colon 1395:1409 Finally, mHFD mice colon exhibited a decrease in lactobacilli and in the levels of occludin phosphorylation. 25687164 13 52 theme intestinal 1734:1743 arg1 cells 1752:1756 intestinal goblet cells 1734:1756 intestinal goblet cells 1734:1756 These results reveal the impact of the diet composition on intestinal goblet cells and mucus coat, bringing new insights about further consequences on HFD-induced metabolic disorders. 25687164 3 53 theme endotoxemia 478:488 arg1 increases 465:473 parallel increases 456:473 parallel increases of endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic and intestinal alterations 456:554 We hypothesized that increasing dietary lipid amounts could be linked to parallel increases of endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic and intestinal alterations. 25687164 9 54 theme vHFD 1210:1213 arg1 mice 1215:1218 vHFD mice 1210:1218 vHFD mice 1210:1218 However, mHFD developed metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation, unlike vHFD mice. 25687164 4 55 theme low-fat 600:606 arg1 diet 608:611 a low-fat diet 598:611 a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids) 598:636 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 10 56 theme LFD 1376:1378 arg1 mice 1380:1383 their microbiota vs LFD mice 1356:1383 mice 1380:1383 In turn, vHFD mice showed more goblet cells in all intestine segments vs both other groups and a decrease of Bacteroides-Prevotella in their microbiota vs LFD mice. 25687164 12 57 theme complex 1513:1519 arg1 HFD 1521:1523 complex HFD 1513:1523 complex HFD 1513:1523 Altogether, using complex HFD, no associations were observed between dietary lipid amounts and the magnitude of endotoxemia, inflammation, and physiological alterations developed. 25687164 13 58 theme composition 1719:1729 arg1 impact 1700:1705 the impact 1696:1705 the impact of the diet composition on intestinal goblet cells and mucus coat 1696:1771 These results reveal the impact of the diet composition on intestinal goblet cells and mucus coat, bringing new insights about further consequences on HFD-induced metabolic disorders. 25687164 3 59 theme low-grade 491:499 arg1 inflammation 501:512 low-grade inflammation 491:512 low-grade inflammation 491:512 We hypothesized that increasing dietary lipid amounts could be linked to parallel increases of endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic and intestinal alterations. 25687164 6 60 theme fat 936:938 arg1 mass 940:943 fat mass 936:943 fat mass 936:943 Only vHFD mice significantly increased body weight and fat mass vs LFD mice. 25687164 3 61 theme intestinal 533:542 arg1 alterations 544:554 metabolic and intestinal alterations 519:554 metabolic and intestinal alterations 519:554 We hypothesized that increasing dietary lipid amounts could be linked to parallel increases of endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic and intestinal alterations. 25687164 5 62 dep tissues 804:810 arg1 intestine 820:828 intestine 820:828 intestine 820:828 After 12 weeks, white adipose tissues, liver, intestine, distal colon contents, and plasma were collected. 25687164 5 62 dep tissues 804:810 arg1 liver 813:817 liver 813:817 liver 813:817 After 12 weeks, white adipose tissues, liver, intestine, distal colon contents, and plasma were collected. 25687164 5 62 dep tissues 804:810 arg1 contents 844:851 distal colon contents 831:851 distal colon contents 831:851 After 12 weeks, white adipose tissues, liver, intestine, distal colon contents, and plasma were collected. 25687164 5 62 dep tissues 804:810 arg1 plasma 858:863 plasma 858:863 plasma 858:863 After 12 weeks, white adipose tissues, liver, intestine, distal colon contents, and plasma were collected. 25687164 5 62 dep tissues 804:810 arg1 tissues 804:810 white adipose tissues, liver, intestine, distal colon contents, and plasma 790:863 tissues 804:810 After 12 weeks, white adipose tissues, liver, intestine, distal colon contents, and plasma were collected. 25687164 3 63 theme metabolic 519:527 arg1 alterations 544:554 metabolic and intestinal alterations 519:554 metabolic and intestinal alterations 519:554 We hypothesized that increasing dietary lipid amounts could be linked to parallel increases of endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic and intestinal alterations. 25687164 4 64 theme lipids 711:716 arg1 vHFD 695:698 vHFD 695:698 vHFD 695:698 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 4 64 theme lipids 711:716 arg1 lipids 711:716 lipids 711:716 lipids 711:716 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 4 64 theme lipids 711:716 arg1 % 706:706 45 wt% 701:706 45 wt% of lipids 701:716 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 0 65 theme intestinal 125:134 arg1 cells 143:147 intestinal goblet cells 125:147 intestinal goblet cells in mice 125:155 Increasing fat content from 20 to 45 wt% in a complex diet induces lower endotoxemia in parallel with an increased number of intestinal goblet cells in mice. 25687164 8 66 theme such 1081:1084 arg1 differences 1086:1096 No such differences 1078:1096 No such differences 1078:1096 No such differences were observed between LFD and mHFD mice. 25687164 0 67 with parallel 88:95 arg1 number 115:120 an increased number 102:120 an increased number of intestinal goblet cells in mice 102:155 Increasing fat content from 20 to 45 wt% in a complex diet induces lower endotoxemia in parallel with an increased number of intestinal goblet cells in mice. 25687164 10 68 dep segments 1282:1289 arg1 all 1268:1270 all 1268:1270 all 1268:1270 In turn, vHFD mice showed more goblet cells in all intestine segments vs both other groups and a decrease of Bacteroides-Prevotella in their microbiota vs LFD mice. 25687164 1 69 theme high-fat 173:180 arg1 HFDs 189:192 HFDs 189:192 HFDs 189:192 The impacts of high-fat diets (HFDs) on the onset of metabolic endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation are well established in rodent models. 25687164 1 69 theme high-fat 173:180 arg1 diets 182:186 high-fat diets 173:186 high-fat diets (HFDs) 173:193 The impacts of high-fat diets (HFDs) on the onset of metabolic endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation are well established in rodent models. 25687164 0 70 theme complex 46:52 arg1 diet 54:57 a complex diet 44:57 a complex diet 44:57 Increasing fat content from 20 to 45 wt% in a complex diet induces lower endotoxemia in parallel with an increased number of intestinal goblet cells in mice. 25687164 4 71 theme wt 623:624 arg1 lipids 630:635 lipids 630:635 lipids 630:635 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 4 71 theme wt 623:624 arg1 % 625:625 2.6 wt% 619:625 2.6 wt% of lipids 619:635 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 4 71 theme wt 623:624 arg1 LFD 614:616 LFD 614:616 LFD 614:616 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 4 72 theme milk 764:767 arg1 fat 769:771 milk fat 764:771 milk fat 764:771 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 2 73 theme dietary 327:333 arg1 intakes 341:347 dietary lipid intakes 327:347 dietary lipid intakes 327:347 However, the dose-effect of dietary lipid intakes on these parameters is not known. 25687164 0 74 theme fat 11:13 arg1 content 15:21 fat content 11:21 fat content 11:21 Increasing fat content from 20 to 45 wt% in a complex diet induces lower endotoxemia in parallel with an increased number of intestinal goblet cells in mice. 25687164 13 75 theme HFD-induced 1826:1836 arg1 disorders 1848:1856 HFD-induced metabolic disorders 1826:1856 HFD-induced metabolic disorders 1826:1856 These results reveal the impact of the diet composition on intestinal goblet cells and mucus coat, bringing new insights about further consequences on HFD-induced metabolic disorders. 25687164 11 76 from decrease 1423:1430 arg1 levels 1459:1464 the levels 1455:1464 the levels of occludin phosphorylation 1455:1492 Finally, mHFD mice colon exhibited a decrease in lactobacilli and in the levels of occludin phosphorylation. 25687164 11 76 from decrease 1423:1430 arg1 lactobacilli 1435:1446 lactobacilli 1435:1446 lactobacilli 1435:1446 Finally, mHFD mice colon exhibited a decrease in lactobacilli and in the levels of occludin phosphorylation. 25687164 0 77 from mice 152:155 arg1 number 115:120 an increased number 102:120 an increased number of intestinal goblet cells in mice 102:155 Increasing fat content from 20 to 45 wt% in a complex diet induces lower endotoxemia in parallel with an increased number of intestinal goblet cells in mice. 25687164 10 78 theme vHFD 1230:1233 arg1 mice 1235:1238 vHFD mice 1230:1238 vHFD mice 1230:1238 In turn, vHFD mice showed more goblet cells in all intestine segments vs both other groups and a decrease of Bacteroides-Prevotella in their microbiota vs LFD mice. 25687164 1 79 theme metabolic 211:219 arg1 endotoxemia 221:231 metabolic endotoxemia 211:231 metabolic endotoxemia 211:231 The impacts of high-fat diets (HFDs) on the onset of metabolic endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation are well established in rodent models. 25687164 0 80 from cells 143:147 arg1 mice 152:155 mice 152:155 mice 152:155 Increasing fat content from 20 to 45 wt% in a complex diet induces lower endotoxemia in parallel with an increased number of intestinal goblet cells in mice. 25687164 3 81 theme increasing 404:413 arg1 amounts 429:435 increasing dietary lipid amounts 404:435 increasing dietary lipid amounts 404:435 We hypothesized that increasing dietary lipid amounts could be linked to parallel increases of endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic and intestinal alterations. 25687164 12 82 theme physiological 1638:1650 arg1 alterations 1652:1662 physiological alterations 1638:1662 physiological alterations 1638:1662 Altogether, using complex HFD, no associations were observed between dietary lipid amounts and the magnitude of endotoxemia, inflammation, and physiological alterations developed. 25687164 10 83 theme goblet 1252:1257 arg1 cells 1259:1263 more goblet cells 1247:1263 more goblet cells 1247:1263 In turn, vHFD mice showed more goblet cells in all intestine segments vs both other groups and a decrease of Bacteroides-Prevotella in their microbiota vs LFD mice. 25687164 2 84 theme intakes 341:347 arg1 dose-effect 312:322 dose-effect 312:322 dose-effect 312:322 However, the dose-effect of dietary lipid intakes on these parameters is not known. 25687164 0 85 theme wt 37:38 arg1 % 39:39 20 to 45 wt% 28:39 20 to 45 wt% 28:39 Increasing fat content from 20 to 45 wt% in a complex diet induces lower endotoxemia in parallel with an increased number of intestinal goblet cells in mice. 25687164 1 86 theme inflammation 247:258 arg1 onset 202:206 the onset 198:206 the onset of metabolic endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation 198:258 The impacts of high-fat diets (HFDs) on the onset of metabolic endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation are well established in rodent models. 25687164 12 87 theme lipid 1572:1576 arg1 amounts 1578:1584 dietary lipid amounts 1564:1584 dietary lipid amounts 1564:1584 Altogether, using complex HFD, no associations were observed between dietary lipid amounts and the magnitude of endotoxemia, inflammation, and physiological alterations developed. 25687164 7 88 theme liver 1064:1068 arg1 lipids 1070:1075 liver lipids 1064:1075 liver lipids 1064:1075 This was associated with increases of plasma concentrations of triglycerides, leptin and adiponectin, and liver lipids. 25687164 11 89 theme phosphorylation 1478:1492 arg1 levels 1459:1464 the levels 1455:1464 the levels of occludin phosphorylation 1455:1492 Finally, mHFD mice colon exhibited a decrease in lactobacilli and in the levels of occludin phosphorylation. 25687164 10 90 from decrease 1318:1325 arg1 microbiota 1362:1371 their microbiota vs LFD mice 1356:1383 microbiota 1362:1371 In turn, vHFD mice showed more goblet cells in all intestine segments vs both other groups and a decrease of Bacteroides-Prevotella in their microbiota vs LFD mice. 25687164 10 90 from decrease 1318:1325 arg1 mice 1380:1383 their microbiota vs LFD mice 1356:1383 mice 1380:1383 In turn, vHFD mice showed more goblet cells in all intestine segments vs both other groups and a decrease of Bacteroides-Prevotella in their microbiota vs LFD mice. 25687164 5 91 theme adipose 796:802 arg1 intestine 820:828 intestine 820:828 intestine 820:828 After 12 weeks, white adipose tissues, liver, intestine, distal colon contents, and plasma were collected. 25687164 5 91 theme adipose 796:802 arg1 liver 813:817 liver 813:817 liver 813:817 After 12 weeks, white adipose tissues, liver, intestine, distal colon contents, and plasma were collected. 25687164 5 91 theme adipose 796:802 arg1 tissues 804:810 white adipose tissues, liver, intestine, distal colon contents, and plasma 790:863 tissues 804:810 After 12 weeks, white adipose tissues, liver, intestine, distal colon contents, and plasma were collected. 25687164 5 91 theme adipose 796:802 arg1 plasma 858:863 plasma 858:863 plasma 858:863 After 12 weeks, white adipose tissues, liver, intestine, distal colon contents, and plasma were collected. 25687164 6 92 theme body 920:923 arg1 weight 925:930 body weight 920:930 body weight 920:930 Only vHFD mice significantly increased body weight and fat mass vs LFD mice. 25687164 4 93 theme Six-week-old 557:568 arg1 mice 584:587 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice 557:587 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice 557:587 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 10 94 theme intestine 1272:1280 arg1 segments 1282:1289 intestine segments 1272:1289 intestine segments 1272:1289 In turn, vHFD mice showed more goblet cells in all intestine segments vs both other groups and a decrease of Bacteroides-Prevotella in their microbiota vs LFD mice. 25687164 3 95 theme lipid 423:427 arg1 amounts 429:435 increasing dietary lipid amounts 404:435 increasing dietary lipid amounts 404:435 We hypothesized that increasing dietary lipid amounts could be linked to parallel increases of endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic and intestinal alterations. 25687164 1 96 theme diets 182:186 arg1 impacts 162:168 The impacts 158:168 The impacts of high-fat diets (HFDs) on the onset of metabolic endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation 158:258 The impacts of high-fat diets (HFDs) on the onset of metabolic endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation are well established in rodent models. 25687164 4 97 dep diet 608:611 arg1 lipids 630:635 lipids 630:635 lipids 630:635 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 4 97 dep diet 608:611 arg1 % 625:625 2.6 wt% 619:625 2.6 wt% of lipids 619:635 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 4 97 dep diet 608:611 arg1 LFD 614:616 LFD 614:616 LFD 614:616 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 4 98 theme C57BL/6J 575:582 arg1 mice 584:587 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice 557:587 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice 557:587 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 4 99 theme lipids 671:676 arg1 lipids 671:676 lipids 671:676 lipids 671:676 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 4 99 theme lipids 671:676 arg1 % 666:666 22 wt% 661:666 22 wt% of lipids 661:676 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 4 99 theme lipids 671:676 arg1 mHFD 655:658 mHFD 655:658 mHFD 655:658 Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 2.6 wt% of lipids), a moderate HFD (mHFD, 22 wt% of lipids), or a very HFD (vHFD, 45 wt% of lipids) formulated mainly using chow ingredients and milk fat. 25687164 3 100 theme parallel 456:463 arg1 increases 465:473 parallel increases 456:473 parallel increases of endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic and intestinal alterations 456:554 We hypothesized that increasing dietary lipid amounts could be linked to parallel increases of endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic and intestinal alterations. 26240142 7 0 theme proteins 1234:1241 arg1 range 1207:1211 a broader range 1197:1211 a broader range of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins 1197:1241 For practical application of this method to a broader range of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins, efficient O-GlcNDAz production is critical. 26240142 9 1 from production 1497:1506 arg1 cells 1511:1515 cells 1511:1515 cells 1511:1515 This competition limits O-GlcNDAz production in cells and the extent of O-GlcNDAz-dependent cross-linking. 26240142 12 2 theme O-GlcNDAz 1985:1993 arg1 production 1995:2004 O-GlcNDAz production 1985:2004 O-GlcNDAz production 1985:2004 Use of OGT(C917A) enhances O-GlcNDAz production, yielding improved cross-linking of O-GlcNDAz-modified molecules both in vitro and in cells. 26240142 11 3 theme wtOGT 1899:1903 arg1 activity 1887:1894 the activity 1883:1894 the activity of wtOGT and OGT(C917A) with both UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GlcNDAz 1883:1955 We confirmed the reversed substrate preference by determining the Michaelis-Menten parameters describing the activity of wtOGT and OGT(C917A) with both UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GlcNDAz. 26240142 7 4 theme method 1187:1192 arg1 application 1167:1177 practical application 1157:1177 practical application of this method to a broader range of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins 1157:1241 For practical application of this method to a broader range of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins, efficient O-GlcNDAz production is critical. 26240142 12 5 dep both 2071:2074 arg1 vitro 2079:2083 vitro 2079:2083 vitro 2079:2083 Use of OGT(C917A) enhances O-GlcNDAz production, yielding improved cross-linking of O-GlcNDAz-modified molecules both in vitro and in cells. 26240142 12 6 theme OGT 1965:1967 arg1 Use 1958:1960 Use 1958:1960 Use of OGT(C917A) 1958:1974 Use of OGT(C917A) enhances O-GlcNDAz production, yielding improved cross-linking of O-GlcNDAz-modified molecules both in vitro and in cells. 26240142 12 7 theme improved 2016:2023 arg1 cross-linking 2025:2037 improved cross-linking 2016:2037 improved cross-linking of O-GlcNDAz-modified molecules both in vitro and in cells 2016:2096 Use of OGT(C917A) enhances O-GlcNDAz production, yielding improved cross-linking of O-GlcNDAz-modified molecules both in vitro and in cells. 26240142 0 8 theme transferase 93:103 arg1 mutant 105:110 an O-GlcNAc transferase mutant 81:110 an O-GlcNAc transferase mutant with converted substrate specificity 81:147 Enhanced transfer of a photocross-linking N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) analog by an O-GlcNAc transferase mutant with converted substrate specificity. 26240142 4 9 theme endogenous 828:837 arg1 OGT 839:841 endogenous OGT 828:841 endogenous OGT 828:841 In this method, cells are engineered to produce diazirine-modified UDP-GlcNAc (UDP-GlcNDAz), and the diazirine-modified GlcNAc analog (GlcNDAz) is transferred to substrate proteins by endogenous OGT, producing O-GlcNDAz. 26240142 3 10 theme functional 584:593 arg1 group 595:599 the diazirine photocross-linking functional group 551:599 the diazirine photocross-linking functional group onto O-GlcNAc residues in mammalian cells 551:641 Recently, we reported a novel metabolic labeling method to introduce the diazirine photocross-linking functional group onto O-GlcNAc residues in mammalian cells. 26240142 6 11 theme O-GlcNAc-modified 1079:1095 arg1 nucleoporins 1097:1108 highly O-GlcNAc-modified nucleoporins 1072:1108 highly O-GlcNAc-modified nucleoporins 1072:1108 The utility of the method was demonstrated by cross-linking highly O-GlcNAc-modified nucleoporins to proteins involved in nuclear transport. 26240142 0 12 theme O-GlcNAc 84:91 arg1 mutant 105:110 an O-GlcNAc transferase mutant 81:110 an O-GlcNAc transferase mutant with converted substrate specificity 81:147 Enhanced transfer of a photocross-linking N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) analog by an O-GlcNAc transferase mutant with converted substrate specificity. 26240142 12 13 theme O-GlcNDAz-modified 2042:2059 arg1 molecules 2061:2069 O-GlcNDAz-modified molecules 2042:2069 O-GlcNDAz-modified molecules 2042:2069 Use of OGT(C917A) enhances O-GlcNDAz production, yielding improved cross-linking of O-GlcNDAz-modified molecules both in vitro and in cells. 26240142 7 14 theme O-GlcNAc-modified 1216:1232 arg1 proteins 1234:1241 O-GlcNAc-modified proteins 1216:1241 O-GlcNAc-modified proteins 1216:1241 For practical application of this method to a broader range of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins, efficient O-GlcNDAz production is critical. 26240142 4 15 theme GlcNAc 764:769 arg1 GlcNDAz 779:785 GlcNDAz 779:785 GlcNDAz 779:785 In this method, cells are engineered to produce diazirine-modified UDP-GlcNAc (UDP-GlcNDAz), and the diazirine-modified GlcNAc analog (GlcNDAz) is transferred to substrate proteins by endogenous OGT, producing O-GlcNDAz. 26240142 4 15 theme GlcNAc 764:769 arg1 analog 771:776 the diazirine-modified GlcNAc analog 741:776 the diazirine-modified GlcNAc analog (GlcNDAz) 741:786 In this method, cells are engineered to produce diazirine-modified UDP-GlcNAc (UDP-GlcNDAz), and the diazirine-modified GlcNAc analog (GlcNDAz) is transferred to substrate proteins by endogenous OGT, producing O-GlcNDAz. 26240142 7 16 theme broader 1199:1205 arg1 range 1207:1211 a broader range 1197:1211 a broader range of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins 1197:1241 For practical application of this method to a broader range of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins, efficient O-GlcNDAz production is critical. 26240142 8 17 theme wild-type 1363:1371 arg1 enzyme 1373:1378 the wild-type enzyme 1359:1378 the wild-type enzyme (wtOGT) 1359:1386 Here we examined the ability of OGT to transfer GlcNDAz and found that the wild-type enzyme (wtOGT) prefers the natural substrate, UDP-GlcNAc, over the unnatural UDP-GlcNDAz. 26240142 8 17 theme wild-type 1363:1371 arg1 wtOGT 1381:1385 wtOGT 1381:1385 wtOGT 1381:1385 Here we examined the ability of OGT to transfer GlcNDAz and found that the wild-type enzyme (wtOGT) prefers the natural substrate, UDP-GlcNAc, over the unnatural UDP-GlcNDAz. 26240142 2 18 theme O-GlcNAc 311:318 arg1 transferase 320:330 the O-GlcNAc transferase 307:330 the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) 307:336 O-GlcNAc modification is catalyzed by the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which transfers N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from the nucleotide sugar donor UDP-GlcNAc to serine or threonine residues of protein substrates. 26240142 2 18 theme O-GlcNAc 311:318 arg1 OGT 333:335 OGT 333:335 OGT 333:335 O-GlcNAc modification is catalyzed by the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which transfers N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from the nucleotide sugar donor UDP-GlcNAc to serine or threonine residues of protein substrates. 26240142 9 19 theme O-GlcNDAz-dependent 1535:1553 arg1 cross-linking 1555:1567 O-GlcNDAz-dependent cross-linking 1535:1567 O-GlcNDAz-dependent cross-linking 1535:1567 This competition limits O-GlcNDAz production in cells and the extent of O-GlcNDAz-dependent cross-linking. 26240142 8 20 theme transfer 1327:1334 arg1 GlcNDAz 1336:1342 transfer GlcNDAz 1327:1342 transfer GlcNDAz 1327:1342 Here we examined the ability of OGT to transfer GlcNDAz and found that the wild-type enzyme (wtOGT) prefers the natural substrate, UDP-GlcNAc, over the unnatural UDP-GlcNDAz. 26240142 8 21 theme unnatural 1440:1448 arg1 UDP-GlcNDAz 1450:1460 the unnatural UDP-GlcNDAz 1436:1460 the unnatural UDP-GlcNDAz 1436:1460 Here we examined the ability of OGT to transfer GlcNDAz and found that the wild-type enzyme (wtOGT) prefers the natural substrate, UDP-GlcNAc, over the unnatural UDP-GlcNDAz. 26240142 11 22 with OGT 1909:1911 arg1 UDP-GlcNDAz 1945:1955 UDP-GlcNDAz 1945:1955 UDP-GlcNDAz 1945:1955 We confirmed the reversed substrate preference by determining the Michaelis-Menten parameters describing the activity of wtOGT and OGT(C917A) with both UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GlcNDAz. 26240142 11 22 with OGT 1909:1911 arg1 UDP-GlcNAc 1930:1939 UDP-GlcNAc 1930:1939 UDP-GlcNAc 1930:1939 We confirmed the reversed substrate preference by determining the Michaelis-Menten parameters describing the activity of wtOGT and OGT(C917A) with both UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GlcNDAz. 26240142 0 23 theme Enhanced 0:7 arg1 transfer 9:16 Enhanced transfer 0:16 Enhanced transfer of a photocross-linking N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) analog by an O-GlcNAc transferase mutant with converted substrate specificity. 0:148 Enhanced transfer of a photocross-linking N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) analog by an O-GlcNAc transferase mutant with converted substrate specificity. 26240142 2 24 theme UDP-GlcNAc 416:425 arg1 donor 410:414 the nucleotide sugar donor 389:414 the nucleotide sugar donor UDP-GlcNAc to serine or threonine residues of protein substrates 389:479 O-GlcNAc modification is catalyzed by the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which transfers N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from the nucleotide sugar donor UDP-GlcNAc to serine or threonine residues of protein substrates. 26240142 0 25 with mutant 105:110 arg1 specificity 137:147 converted substrate specificity 117:147 converted substrate specificity 117:147 Enhanced transfer of a photocross-linking N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) analog by an O-GlcNAc transferase mutant with converted substrate specificity. 26240142 3 26 theme diazirine 555:563 arg1 group 595:599 the diazirine photocross-linking functional group 551:599 the diazirine photocross-linking functional group onto O-GlcNAc residues in mammalian cells 551:641 Recently, we reported a novel metabolic labeling method to introduce the diazirine photocross-linking functional group onto O-GlcNAc residues in mammalian cells. 26240142 5 27 theme binding 933:939 arg1 partners 941:948 their binding partners 927:948 their binding partners 927:948 O-GlcNDAz-modified proteins can be covalently cross-linked to their binding partners, providing information about O-GlcNAc-dependent interactions. 26240142 2 28 theme substrates 470:479 arg1 threonine 440:448 threonine 440:448 threonine 440:448 O-GlcNAc modification is catalyzed by the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which transfers N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from the nucleotide sugar donor UDP-GlcNAc to serine or threonine residues of protein substrates. 26240142 2 28 theme substrates 470:479 arg1 serine 430:435 serine 430:435 serine 430:435 O-GlcNAc modification is catalyzed by the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which transfers N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from the nucleotide sugar donor UDP-GlcNAc to serine or threonine residues of protein substrates. 26240142 10 29 theme OGT 1592:1594 arg1 OGT 1604:1606 OGT 1604:1606 OGT(C917A) 1604:1613 Here we identified an OGT mutant, OGT(C917A), that efficiently transfers GlcNDAz and, surprisingly, has altered substrate specificity, preferring to transfer GlcNDAz rather than GlcNAc to protein substrates. 26240142 10 29 theme OGT 1592:1594 arg1 mutant 1596:1601 an OGT mutant 1589:1601 an OGT mutant 1589:1601 Here we identified an OGT mutant, OGT(C917A), that efficiently transfers GlcNDAz and, surprisingly, has altered substrate specificity, preferring to transfer GlcNDAz rather than GlcNAc to protein substrates. 26240142 2 30 theme sugar 404:408 arg1 donor 410:414 the nucleotide sugar donor 389:414 the nucleotide sugar donor UDP-GlcNAc to serine or threonine residues of protein substrates 389:479 O-GlcNAc modification is catalyzed by the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which transfers N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from the nucleotide sugar donor UDP-GlcNAc to serine or threonine residues of protein substrates. 26240142 2 31 theme protein 462:468 arg1 substrates 470:479 protein substrates 462:479 protein substrates 462:479 O-GlcNAc modification is catalyzed by the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which transfers N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from the nucleotide sugar donor UDP-GlcNAc to serine or threonine residues of protein substrates. 26240142 0 32 theme substrate 127:135 arg1 specificity 137:147 converted substrate specificity 117:147 converted substrate specificity 117:147 Enhanced transfer of a photocross-linking N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) analog by an O-GlcNAc transferase mutant with converted substrate specificity. 26240142 10 33 theme substrate 1682:1690 arg1 specificity 1692:1702 altered substrate specificity 1674:1702 altered substrate specificity 1674:1702 Here we identified an OGT mutant, OGT(C917A), that efficiently transfers GlcNDAz and, surprisingly, has altered substrate specificity, preferring to transfer GlcNDAz rather than GlcNAc to protein substrates. 26240142 10 34 theme altered 1674:1680 arg1 specificity 1692:1702 altered substrate specificity 1674:1702 altered substrate specificity 1674:1702 Here we identified an OGT mutant, OGT(C917A), that efficiently transfers GlcNDAz and, surprisingly, has altered substrate specificity, preferring to transfer GlcNDAz rather than GlcNAc to protein substrates. 26240142 11 35 theme OGT 1909:1911 arg1 activity 1887:1894 the activity 1883:1894 the activity of wtOGT and OGT(C917A) with both UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GlcNDAz 1883:1955 We confirmed the reversed substrate preference by determining the Michaelis-Menten parameters describing the activity of wtOGT and OGT(C917A) with both UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GlcNDAz. 26240142 0 36 theme converted 117:125 arg1 specificity 137:147 converted substrate specificity 117:147 converted substrate specificity 117:147 Enhanced transfer of a photocross-linking N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) analog by an O-GlcNAc transferase mutant with converted substrate specificity. 26240142 11 37 theme reversed 1795:1802 arg1 preference 1814:1823 the reversed substrate preference 1791:1823 the reversed substrate preference 1791:1823 We confirmed the reversed substrate preference by determining the Michaelis-Menten parameters describing the activity of wtOGT and OGT(C917A) with both UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GlcNDAz. 26240142 3 38 theme O-GlcNAc 606:613 arg1 residues 615:622 O-GlcNAc residues 606:622 O-GlcNAc residues in mammalian cells 606:641 Recently, we reported a novel metabolic labeling method to introduce the diazirine photocross-linking functional group onto O-GlcNAc residues in mammalian cells. 26240142 1 39 theme O-Linked 150:157 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 159:179 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 150:179 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 150:190 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of proteins in multicellular organisms. 26240142 1 39 theme O-Linked 150:157 arg1 modification 216:227 a post-translational modification 195:227 a post-translational modification of proteins in multicellular organisms 195:266 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of proteins in multicellular organisms. 26240142 1 39 theme O-Linked 150:157 arg1 O-GlcNAc 182:189 O-GlcNAc 182:189 O-GlcNAc 182:189 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of proteins in multicellular organisms. 26240142 0 40 theme N-acetylglucosamine 42:60 arg1 analog 71:76 a photocross-linking N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) analog 21:76 a photocross-linking N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) analog 21:76 Enhanced transfer of a photocross-linking N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) analog by an O-GlcNAc transferase mutant with converted substrate specificity. 26240142 4 41 theme diazirine-modified 745:762 arg1 GlcNDAz 779:785 GlcNDAz 779:785 GlcNDAz 779:785 In this method, cells are engineered to produce diazirine-modified UDP-GlcNAc (UDP-GlcNDAz), and the diazirine-modified GlcNAc analog (GlcNDAz) is transferred to substrate proteins by endogenous OGT, producing O-GlcNDAz. 26240142 4 41 theme diazirine-modified 745:762 arg1 analog 771:776 the diazirine-modified GlcNAc analog 741:776 the diazirine-modified GlcNAc analog (GlcNDAz) 741:786 In this method, cells are engineered to produce diazirine-modified UDP-GlcNAc (UDP-GlcNDAz), and the diazirine-modified GlcNAc analog (GlcNDAz) is transferred to substrate proteins by endogenous OGT, producing O-GlcNDAz. 26240142 11 42 theme substrate 1804:1812 arg1 preference 1814:1823 the reversed substrate preference 1791:1823 the reversed substrate preference 1791:1823 We confirmed the reversed substrate preference by determining the Michaelis-Menten parameters describing the activity of wtOGT and OGT(C917A) with both UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GlcNDAz. 26240142 2 43 theme O-GlcNAc 269:276 arg1 modification 278:289 O-GlcNAc modification 269:289 O-GlcNAc modification 269:289 O-GlcNAc modification is catalyzed by the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which transfers N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from the nucleotide sugar donor UDP-GlcNAc to serine or threonine residues of protein substrates. 26240142 1 44 theme post-translational 197:214 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 159:179 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 150:179 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 150:190 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of proteins in multicellular organisms. 26240142 1 44 theme post-translational 197:214 arg1 modification 216:227 a post-translational modification 195:227 a post-translational modification of proteins in multicellular organisms 195:266 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of proteins in multicellular organisms. 26240142 1 45 theme proteins 232:239 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 159:179 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 150:179 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 150:190 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of proteins in multicellular organisms. 26240142 1 45 theme proteins 232:239 arg1 modification 216:227 a post-translational modification 195:227 a post-translational modification of proteins in multicellular organisms 195:266 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of proteins in multicellular organisms. 26240142 0 46 theme photocross-linking 23:40 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 42:60 photocross-linking N-acetylglucosamine 23:60 a photocross-linking N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) analog 21:76 Enhanced transfer of a photocross-linking N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) analog by an O-GlcNAc transferase mutant with converted substrate specificity. 26240142 0 46 theme photocross-linking 23:40 arg1 GlcNAc 63:68 GlcNAc 63:68 GlcNAc 63:68 Enhanced transfer of a photocross-linking N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) analog by an O-GlcNAc transferase mutant with converted substrate specificity. 26240142 6 47 theme method 1031:1036 arg1 utility 1016:1022 The utility 1012:1022 The utility of the method 1012:1036 The utility of the method was demonstrated by cross-linking highly O-GlcNAc-modified nucleoporins to proteins involved in nuclear transport. 26240142 8 48 theme OGT 1320:1322 arg1 ability 1309:1315 the ability 1305:1315 the ability of OGT to transfer GlcNDAz 1305:1342 Here we examined the ability of OGT to transfer GlcNDAz and found that the wild-type enzyme (wtOGT) prefers the natural substrate, UDP-GlcNAc, over the unnatural UDP-GlcNDAz. 26240142 2 49 dep serine 430:435 arg1 residues 450:457 residues 450:457 residues 450:457 O-GlcNAc modification is catalyzed by the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which transfers N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from the nucleotide sugar donor UDP-GlcNAc to serine or threonine residues of protein substrates. 26240142 5 50 theme O-GlcNDAz-modified 865:882 arg1 proteins 884:891 O-GlcNDAz-modified proteins 865:891 O-GlcNDAz-modified proteins 865:891 O-GlcNDAz-modified proteins can be covalently cross-linked to their binding partners, providing information about O-GlcNAc-dependent interactions. 26240142 7 51 theme efficient 1244:1252 arg1 production 1264:1273 efficient O-GlcNDAz production 1244:1273 efficient O-GlcNDAz production 1244:1273 For practical application of this method to a broader range of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins, efficient O-GlcNDAz production is critical. 26240142 9 52 theme cross-linking 1555:1567 arg1 extent 1525:1530 the extent 1521:1530 the extent of O-GlcNDAz-dependent cross-linking 1521:1567 This competition limits O-GlcNDAz production in cells and the extent of O-GlcNDAz-dependent cross-linking. 26240142 9 52 theme cross-linking 1555:1567 arg1 production 1497:1506 O-GlcNDAz production 1487:1506 O-GlcNDAz production in cells 1487:1515 This competition limits O-GlcNDAz production in cells and the extent of O-GlcNDAz-dependent cross-linking. 26240142 10 53 dep transfers 1633:1641 arg1 has 1670:1672 has 1670:1672 has 1670:1672 Here we identified an OGT mutant, OGT(C917A), that efficiently transfers GlcNDAz and, surprisingly, has altered substrate specificity, preferring to transfer GlcNDAz rather than GlcNAc to protein substrates. 26240142 3 54 theme mammalian 627:635 arg1 cells 637:641 mammalian cells 627:641 mammalian cells 627:641 Recently, we reported a novel metabolic labeling method to introduce the diazirine photocross-linking functional group onto O-GlcNAc residues in mammalian cells. 26240142 3 55 theme metabolic 512:520 arg1 method 531:536 a novel metabolic labeling method 504:536 a novel metabolic labeling method to introduce the diazirine photocross-linking functional group onto O-GlcNAc residues in mammalian cells 504:641 Recently, we reported a novel metabolic labeling method to introduce the diazirine photocross-linking functional group onto O-GlcNAc residues in mammalian cells. 26240142 7 56 theme O-GlcNDAz 1254:1262 arg1 production 1264:1273 efficient O-GlcNDAz production 1244:1273 efficient O-GlcNDAz production 1244:1273 For practical application of this method to a broader range of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins, efficient O-GlcNDAz production is critical. 26240142 7 57 theme practical 1157:1165 arg1 application 1167:1177 practical application 1157:1177 practical application of this method to a broader range of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins 1157:1241 For practical application of this method to a broader range of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins, efficient O-GlcNDAz production is critical. 26240142 1 58 from modification 216:227 arg1 organisms 258:266 multicellular organisms 244:266 multicellular organisms 244:266 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of proteins in multicellular organisms. 26240142 3 59 theme labeling 522:529 arg1 method 531:536 a novel metabolic labeling method 504:536 a novel metabolic labeling method to introduce the diazirine photocross-linking functional group onto O-GlcNAc residues in mammalian cells 504:641 Recently, we reported a novel metabolic labeling method to introduce the diazirine photocross-linking functional group onto O-GlcNAc residues in mammalian cells. 26240142 9 60 from extent 1525:1530 arg1 cells 1511:1515 cells 1511:1515 cells 1511:1515 This competition limits O-GlcNDAz production in cells and the extent of O-GlcNDAz-dependent cross-linking. 26240142 8 61 theme natural 1400:1406 arg1 UDP-GlcNAc 1419:1428 UDP-GlcNAc 1419:1428 UDP-GlcNAc 1419:1428 Here we examined the ability of OGT to transfer GlcNDAz and found that the wild-type enzyme (wtOGT) prefers the natural substrate, UDP-GlcNAc, over the unnatural UDP-GlcNDAz. 26240142 8 61 theme natural 1400:1406 arg1 substrate 1408:1416 the natural substrate 1396:1416 the natural substrate 1396:1416 Here we examined the ability of OGT to transfer GlcNDAz and found that the wild-type enzyme (wtOGT) prefers the natural substrate, UDP-GlcNAc, over the unnatural UDP-GlcNDAz. 26240142 9 62 theme O-GlcNDAz 1487:1495 arg1 production 1497:1506 O-GlcNDAz production 1487:1506 O-GlcNDAz production in cells 1487:1515 This competition limits O-GlcNDAz production in cells and the extent of O-GlcNDAz-dependent cross-linking. 26240142 1 63 theme multicellular 244:256 arg1 organisms 258:266 multicellular organisms 244:266 multicellular organisms 244:266 O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of proteins in multicellular organisms. 26240142 3 64 theme photocross-linking 565:582 arg1 group 595:599 the diazirine photocross-linking functional group 551:599 the diazirine photocross-linking functional group onto O-GlcNAc residues in mammalian cells 551:641 Recently, we reported a novel metabolic labeling method to introduce the diazirine photocross-linking functional group onto O-GlcNAc residues in mammalian cells. 26240142 5 65 theme O-GlcNAc-dependent 979:996 arg1 interactions 998:1009 O-GlcNAc-dependent interactions 979:1009 O-GlcNAc-dependent interactions 979:1009 O-GlcNDAz-modified proteins can be covalently cross-linked to their binding partners, providing information about O-GlcNAc-dependent interactions. 26240142 4 66 theme substrate 806:814 arg1 proteins 816:823 substrate proteins 806:823 substrate proteins 806:823 In this method, cells are engineered to produce diazirine-modified UDP-GlcNAc (UDP-GlcNDAz), and the diazirine-modified GlcNAc analog (GlcNDAz) is transferred to substrate proteins by endogenous OGT, producing O-GlcNDAz. 26240142 3 67 theme novel 506:510 arg1 method 531:536 a novel metabolic labeling method 504:536 a novel metabolic labeling method to introduce the diazirine photocross-linking functional group onto O-GlcNAc residues in mammalian cells 504:641 Recently, we reported a novel metabolic labeling method to introduce the diazirine photocross-linking functional group onto O-GlcNAc residues in mammalian cells. 26240142 3 68 from residues 615:622 arg1 cells 637:641 mammalian cells 627:641 mammalian cells 627:641 Recently, we reported a novel metabolic labeling method to introduce the diazirine photocross-linking functional group onto O-GlcNAc residues in mammalian cells. 26240142 0 69 theme analog 71:76 arg1 transfer 9:16 Enhanced transfer 0:16 Enhanced transfer of a photocross-linking N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) analog by an O-GlcNAc transferase mutant with converted substrate specificity. 0:148 Enhanced transfer of a photocross-linking N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) analog by an O-GlcNAc transferase mutant with converted substrate specificity. 26240142 10 70 theme protein 1758:1764 arg1 substrates 1766:1775 protein substrates 1758:1775 protein substrates 1758:1775 Here we identified an OGT mutant, OGT(C917A), that efficiently transfers GlcNDAz and, surprisingly, has altered substrate specificity, preferring to transfer GlcNDAz rather than GlcNAc to protein substrates. 26240142 2 71 theme nucleotide 393:402 arg1 donor 410:414 the nucleotide sugar donor 389:414 the nucleotide sugar donor UDP-GlcNAc to serine or threonine residues of protein substrates 389:479 O-GlcNAc modification is catalyzed by the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which transfers N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from the nucleotide sugar donor UDP-GlcNAc to serine or threonine residues of protein substrates. 26240142 4 72 theme diazirine-modified 692:709 arg1 UDP-GlcNAc 711:720 diazirine-modified UDP-GlcNAc 692:720 diazirine-modified UDP-GlcNAc (UDP-GlcNDAz) 692:734 In this method, cells are engineered to produce diazirine-modified UDP-GlcNAc (UDP-GlcNDAz), and the diazirine-modified GlcNAc analog (GlcNDAz) is transferred to substrate proteins by endogenous OGT, producing O-GlcNDAz. 26240142 4 72 theme diazirine-modified 692:709 arg1 UDP-GlcNDAz 723:733 UDP-GlcNDAz 723:733 UDP-GlcNDAz 723:733 In this method, cells are engineered to produce diazirine-modified UDP-GlcNAc (UDP-GlcNDAz), and the diazirine-modified GlcNAc analog (GlcNDAz) is transferred to substrate proteins by endogenous OGT, producing O-GlcNDAz. 26240142 11 73 theme Michaelis-Menten 1844:1859 arg1 parameters 1861:1870 the Michaelis-Menten parameters 1840:1870 the Michaelis-Menten parameters describing the activity of wtOGT and OGT(C917A) with both UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GlcNDAz 1840:1955 We confirmed the reversed substrate preference by determining the Michaelis-Menten parameters describing the activity of wtOGT and OGT(C917A) with both UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GlcNDAz. 26240142 11 74 with wtOGT 1899:1903 arg1 UDP-GlcNDAz 1945:1955 UDP-GlcNDAz 1945:1955 UDP-GlcNDAz 1945:1955 We confirmed the reversed substrate preference by determining the Michaelis-Menten parameters describing the activity of wtOGT and OGT(C917A) with both UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GlcNDAz. 26240142 11 74 with wtOGT 1899:1903 arg1 UDP-GlcNAc 1930:1939 UDP-GlcNAc 1930:1939 UDP-GlcNAc 1930:1939 We confirmed the reversed substrate preference by determining the Michaelis-Menten parameters describing the activity of wtOGT and OGT(C917A) with both UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GlcNDAz. 26240142 12 75 theme molecules 2061:2069 arg1 cross-linking 2025:2037 improved cross-linking 2016:2037 improved cross-linking of O-GlcNDAz-modified molecules both in vitro and in cells 2016:2096 Use of OGT(C917A) enhances O-GlcNDAz production, yielding improved cross-linking of O-GlcNDAz-modified molecules both in vitro and in cells. 26240142 6 76 theme nuclear 1134:1140 arg1 transport 1142:1150 nuclear transport 1134:1150 nuclear transport 1134:1150 The utility of the method was demonstrated by cross-linking highly O-GlcNAc-modified nucleoporins to proteins involved in nuclear transport. 26240142 12 77 dep cross-linking 2025:2037 arg1 both 2071:2074 both 2071:2074 both 2071:2074 Use of OGT(C917A) enhances O-GlcNDAz production, yielding improved cross-linking of O-GlcNDAz-modified molecules both in vitro and in cells. 26240142 12 77 dep cross-linking 2025:2037 arg1 cells 2092:2096 cells 2092:2096 cells 2092:2096 Use of OGT(C917A) enhances O-GlcNDAz production, yielding improved cross-linking of O-GlcNDAz-modified molecules both in vitro and in cells. 28798159 8 0 theme potent 1006:1011 arg1 activity 1053:1060 potent, broad-spectrum and rapid antimicrobial activity 1006:1060 potent, broad-spectrum and rapid antimicrobial activity 1006:1060 Among them, As-CATH4-6 exhibited potent, broad-spectrum and rapid antimicrobial activity by inducing the disruption of cell membrane integrity. 28798159 5 1 theme endangered 667:676 arg1 sinensis 707:714 Alligator sinensis 697:714 Alligator sinensis 697:714 In the present study, six novel cathelicidins (As-CATH1-6) were identified and characterized from the endangered Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis). 28798159 5 1 theme endangered 667:676 arg1 alligator 686:694 endangered Chinese alligator 667:694 the endangered Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) 663:715 In the present study, six novel cathelicidins (As-CATH1-6) were identified and characterized from the endangered Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis). 28798159 14 2 theme Bacterial 1860:1868 arg1 infection 1870:1878 Bacterial infection 1860:1878 Bacterial infection 1860:1878 Bacterial infection significantly enhances their expression, which implies an important role in host anti-infective response. 28798159 8 3 theme broad-spectrum 1014:1027 arg1 activity 1053:1060 potent, broad-spectrum and rapid antimicrobial activity 1006:1060 potent, broad-spectrum and rapid antimicrobial activity 1006:1060 Among them, As-CATH4-6 exhibited potent, broad-spectrum and rapid antimicrobial activity by inducing the disruption of cell membrane integrity. 28798159 2 4 theme immune 295:300 arg1 system 302:307 the crocodilian immune system 279:307 the crocodilian immune system 279:307 However, the composition and action of the crocodilian immune system have remained unclear until now. 28798159 10 5 theme anti-inflammatory 1274:1290 arg1 activity 1292:1299 potent anti-inflammatory activity 1267:1299 potent anti-inflammatory activity 1267:1299 Furthermore, As-CATH4-6 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal macrophages. 28798159 8 6 theme rapid 1033:1037 arg1 activity 1053:1060 potent, broad-spectrum and rapid antimicrobial activity 1006:1060 potent, broad-spectrum and rapid antimicrobial activity 1006:1060 Among them, As-CATH4-6 exhibited potent, broad-spectrum and rapid antimicrobial activity by inducing the disruption of cell membrane integrity. 28798159 7 7 dep indicated 816:824 arg1 whereas 886:892 whereas 886:892 whereas 886:892 Structure analysis indicated that As-CATH1-3 adopt a random coil secondary conformation, whereas As-CATH4-6 were predicted to mainly adopt an amphipathic α-helix conformation. 28798159 0 8 theme immune 156:161 arg1 responses 163:171 host antimicrobial immune responses 137:171 host antimicrobial immune responses 137:171 As-CATH1-6, novel cathelicidins with potent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties from Alligator sinensis, play pivotal roles in host antimicrobial immune responses. 28798159 7 9 theme secondary 862:870 arg1 conformation 872:883 a random coil secondary conformation 848:883 a random coil secondary conformation 848:883 Structure analysis indicated that As-CATH1-3 adopt a random coil secondary conformation, whereas As-CATH4-6 were predicted to mainly adopt an amphipathic α-helix conformation. 28798159 12 10 theme enhanced 1722:1729 arg1 recruitment 1743:1753 enhanced immune cell recruitment 1722:1753 enhanced immune cell recruitment 1722:1753 In a peritonitis mice model, As-CATH2-6 provided effective protection against bacterial infection through enhanced immune cell recruitment. 28798159 7 11 theme random 850:855 arg1 conformation 872:883 a random coil secondary conformation 848:883 a random coil secondary conformation 848:883 Structure analysis indicated that As-CATH1-3 adopt a random coil secondary conformation, whereas As-CATH4-6 were predicted to mainly adopt an amphipathic α-helix conformation. 28798159 1 12 theme powerful 216:223 arg1 system 232:237 a powerful immune system 214:237 a powerful immune system 214:237 Crocodilians are regarded as possessing a powerful immune system. 28798159 12 13 theme cell 1738:1741 arg1 recruitment 1743:1753 enhanced immune cell recruitment 1722:1753 enhanced immune cell recruitment 1722:1753 In a peritonitis mice model, As-CATH2-6 provided effective protection against bacterial infection through enhanced immune cell recruitment. 28798159 0 14 theme host 137:140 arg1 responses 163:171 host antimicrobial immune responses 137:171 host antimicrobial immune responses 137:171 As-CATH1-6, novel cathelicidins with potent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties from Alligator sinensis, play pivotal roles in host antimicrobial immune responses. 28798159 15 15 theme multiple 2020:2027 arg1 functions 2029:2037 multiple functions 2020:2037 multiple functions 2020:2037 Taken together, the diversity and multiple functions of As-CATH1-6 partially reveal the powerful immune system of the Chinese alligator. 28798159 5 16 theme Alligator 697:705 arg1 sinensis 707:714 Alligator sinensis 697:714 Alligator sinensis 697:714 In the present study, six novel cathelicidins (As-CATH1-6) were identified and characterized from the endangered Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis). 28798159 5 16 theme Alligator 697:705 arg1 alligator 686:694 endangered Chinese alligator 667:694 the endangered Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) 663:715 In the present study, six novel cathelicidins (As-CATH1-6) were identified and characterized from the endangered Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis). 28798159 5 17 theme present 572:578 arg1 study 580:584 the present study 568:584 the present study 568:584 In the present study, six novel cathelicidins (As-CATH1-6) were identified and characterized from the endangered Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis). 28798159 11 18 theme response 1597:1604 arg1 pathways 1606:1613 inflammatory response pathways 1584:1613 inflammatory response pathways 1584:1613 They directly neutralized LPS toxicity and therefore inhibited the binding of LPS to the TLR4 receptor and the subsequent activation of inflammatory response pathways. 28798159 11 19 theme subsequent 1559:1568 arg1 activation 1570:1579 the subsequent activation 1555:1579 the subsequent activation of inflammatory response pathways 1555:1613 They directly neutralized LPS toxicity and therefore inhibited the binding of LPS to the TLR4 receptor and the subsequent activation of inflammatory response pathways. 28798159 0 20 from sinensis 105:112 arg1 cathelicidins 18:30 As-CATH1-6, novel cathelicidins 0:30 As-CATH1-6, novel cathelicidins 0:30 As-CATH1-6, novel cathelicidins with potent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties from Alligator sinensis, play pivotal roles in host antimicrobial immune responses. 28798159 0 21 theme immunomodulatory 62:77 arg1 properties 79:88 immunomodulatory properties 62:88 immunomodulatory properties 62:88 As-CATH1-6, novel cathelicidins with potent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties from Alligator sinensis, play pivotal roles in host antimicrobial immune responses. 28798159 12 22 theme effective 1665:1673 arg1 protection 1675:1684 effective protection 1665:1684 effective protection against bacterial infection 1665:1712 In a peritonitis mice model, As-CATH2-6 provided effective protection against bacterial infection through enhanced immune cell recruitment. 28798159 13 23 theme immune 1822:1827 arg1 organs 1829:1834 immune organs 1822:1834 immune organs 1822:1834 In the host Chinese alligator, As-CATH1-6 are mainly expressed in immune organs and epithelial tissues. 28798159 14 24 theme anti-infective 1961:1974 arg1 response 1976:1983 host anti-infective response 1956:1983 host anti-infective response 1956:1983 Bacterial infection significantly enhances their expression, which implies an important role in host anti-infective response. 28798159 12 25 theme peritonitis 1621:1631 arg1 model 1638:1642 a peritonitis mice model 1619:1642 a peritonitis mice model 1619:1642 In a peritonitis mice model, As-CATH2-6 provided effective protection against bacterial infection through enhanced immune cell recruitment. 28798159 8 26 theme cell 1092:1095 arg1 integrity 1106:1114 cell membrane integrity 1092:1114 cell membrane integrity 1092:1114 Among them, As-CATH4-6 exhibited potent, broad-spectrum and rapid antimicrobial activity by inducing the disruption of cell membrane integrity. 28798159 9 27 theme strong 1137:1142 arg1 ability 1144:1150 strong ability 1137:1150 strong ability to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms and eradicate preformed biofilms 1137:1230 They also exhibited strong ability to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms and eradicate preformed biofilms. 28798159 8 28 theme integrity 1106:1114 arg1 disruption 1078:1087 the disruption 1074:1087 the disruption of cell membrane integrity 1074:1114 Among them, As-CATH4-6 exhibited potent, broad-spectrum and rapid antimicrobial activity by inducing the disruption of cell membrane integrity. 28798159 11 29 theme TLR4 1537:1540 arg1 receptor 1542:1549 the TLR4 receptor 1533:1549 the TLR4 receptor 1533:1549 They directly neutralized LPS toxicity and therefore inhibited the binding of LPS to the TLR4 receptor and the subsequent activation of inflammatory response pathways. 28798159 3 30 theme peptides 394:401 arg1 Cathelicidins 342:354 Cathelicidins 342:354 Cathelicidins 342:354 Cathelicidins, the principal family of host defense peptides, play pivotal roles in vertebrate immune defense against microbial invasions. 28798159 3 30 theme peptides 394:401 arg1 family 371:376 the principal family 357:376 the principal family of host defense peptides 357:401 Cathelicidins, the principal family of host defense peptides, play pivotal roles in vertebrate immune defense against microbial invasions. 28798159 15 31 theme powerful 2074:2081 arg1 system 2090:2095 the powerful immune system 2070:2095 the powerful immune system of the Chinese alligator 2070:2120 Taken together, the diversity and multiple functions of As-CATH1-6 partially reveal the powerful immune system of the Chinese alligator. 28798159 10 32 theme nitric 1366:1371 arg1 NO 1380:1381 NO 1380:1381 NO 1380:1381 Furthermore, As-CATH4-6 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal macrophages. 28798159 10 32 theme nitric 1366:1371 arg1 oxide 1373:1377 nitric oxide 1366:1377 nitric oxide (NO) 1366:1382 Furthermore, As-CATH4-6 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal macrophages. 28798159 3 33 theme vertebrate 426:435 arg1 defense 444:450 vertebrate immune defense 426:450 vertebrate immune defense against microbial invasions 426:478 Cathelicidins, the principal family of host defense peptides, play pivotal roles in vertebrate immune defense against microbial invasions. 28798159 0 34 theme As-CATH1-6 0:9 arg1 cathelicidins 18:30 As-CATH1-6, novel cathelicidins 0:30 As-CATH1-6, novel cathelicidins 0:30 As-CATH1-6, novel cathelicidins with potent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties from Alligator sinensis, play pivotal roles in host antimicrobial immune responses. 28798159 14 35 theme host 1956:1959 arg1 response 1976:1983 host anti-infective response 1956:1983 host anti-infective response 1956:1983 Bacterial infection significantly enhances their expression, which implies an important role in host anti-infective response. 28798159 5 36 theme novel 591:595 arg1 As-CATH1-6 612:621 As-CATH1-6 612:621 As-CATH1-6 612:621 In the present study, six novel cathelicidins (As-CATH1-6) were identified and characterized from the endangered Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis). 28798159 5 36 theme novel 591:595 arg1 cathelicidins 597:609 six novel cathelicidins 587:609 six novel cathelicidins (As-CATH1-6) 587:622 In the present study, six novel cathelicidins (As-CATH1-6) were identified and characterized from the endangered Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis). 28798159 3 37 theme host 381:384 arg1 peptides 394:401 host defense peptides 381:401 host defense peptides 381:401 Cathelicidins, the principal family of host defense peptides, play pivotal roles in vertebrate immune defense against microbial invasions. 28798159 13 38 theme Chinese 1768:1774 arg1 alligator 1776:1784 the host Chinese alligator 1759:1784 the host Chinese alligator 1759:1784 In the host Chinese alligator, As-CATH1-6 are mainly expressed in immune organs and epithelial tissues. 28798159 10 39 theme pro-inflammatory 1388:1403 arg1 cytokines 1405:1413 pro-inflammatory cytokines 1388:1413 pro-inflammatory cytokines 1388:1413 Furthermore, As-CATH4-6 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal macrophages. 28798159 3 40 theme microbial 460:468 arg1 invasions 470:478 microbial invasions 460:478 microbial invasions 460:478 Cathelicidins, the principal family of host defense peptides, play pivotal roles in vertebrate immune defense against microbial invasions. 28798159 10 41 theme peritoneal 1424:1433 arg1 macrophages 1435:1445 mouse peritoneal macrophages 1418:1445 mouse peritoneal macrophages 1418:1445 Furthermore, As-CATH4-6 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal macrophages. 28798159 10 42 theme potent 1267:1272 arg1 activity 1292:1299 potent anti-inflammatory activity 1267:1299 potent anti-inflammatory activity 1267:1299 Furthermore, As-CATH4-6 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal macrophages. 28798159 9 43 theme bacterial 1180:1188 arg1 biofilms 1190:1197 bacterial biofilms 1180:1197 bacterial biofilms 1180:1197 They also exhibited strong ability to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms and eradicate preformed biofilms. 28798159 7 44 theme amphipathic 939:949 arg1 conformation 959:970 an amphipathic α-helix conformation 936:970 an amphipathic α-helix conformation 936:970 Structure analysis indicated that As-CATH1-3 adopt a random coil secondary conformation, whereas As-CATH4-6 were predicted to mainly adopt an amphipathic α-helix conformation. 28798159 0 45 dep As-CATH1-6 0:9 arg1 novel 12:16 novel 12:16 novel 12:16 As-CATH1-6, novel cathelicidins with potent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties from Alligator sinensis, play pivotal roles in host antimicrobial immune responses. 28798159 11 46 theme LPS 1474:1476 arg1 toxicity 1478:1485 LPS toxicity 1474:1485 LPS toxicity 1474:1485 They directly neutralized LPS toxicity and therefore inhibited the binding of LPS to the TLR4 receptor and the subsequent activation of inflammatory response pathways. 28798159 6 47 theme sequence 740:747 arg1 similarity 749:758 no sequence similarity 737:758 no sequence similarity 737:758 As-CATH1-6 exhibit no sequence similarity with any of the known cathelicidins. 28798159 15 48 theme alligator 2112:2120 arg1 system 2090:2095 the powerful immune system 2070:2095 the powerful immune system of the Chinese alligator 2070:2120 Taken together, the diversity and multiple functions of As-CATH1-6 partially reveal the powerful immune system of the Chinese alligator. 28798159 5 49 theme Chinese 678:684 arg1 sinensis 707:714 Alligator sinensis 697:714 Alligator sinensis 697:714 In the present study, six novel cathelicidins (As-CATH1-6) were identified and characterized from the endangered Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis). 28798159 5 49 theme Chinese 678:684 arg1 alligator 686:694 endangered Chinese alligator 667:694 the endangered Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) 663:715 In the present study, six novel cathelicidins (As-CATH1-6) were identified and characterized from the endangered Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis). 28798159 2 50 theme system 302:307 arg1 action 269:274 action 269:274 action 269:274 However, the composition and action of the crocodilian immune system have remained unclear until now. 28798159 2 50 theme system 302:307 arg1 composition 253:263 composition 253:263 composition 253:263 However, the composition and action of the crocodilian immune system have remained unclear until now. 28798159 6 51 theme known 776:780 arg1 cathelicidins 782:794 the known cathelicidins 772:794 the known cathelicidins 772:794 As-CATH1-6 exhibit no sequence similarity with any of the known cathelicidins. 28798159 8 52 theme antimicrobial 1039:1051 arg1 activity 1053:1060 potent, broad-spectrum and rapid antimicrobial activity 1006:1060 potent, broad-spectrum and rapid antimicrobial activity 1006:1060 Among them, As-CATH4-6 exhibited potent, broad-spectrum and rapid antimicrobial activity by inducing the disruption of cell membrane integrity. 28798159 4 53 from crocodilians 509:520 arg1 cathelicidins 490:502 cathelicidins 490:502 cathelicidins from crocodilians 490:520 However, cathelicidins from crocodilians have not been extensively studied to date. 28798159 2 54 theme crocodilian 283:293 arg1 system 302:307 the crocodilian immune system 279:307 the crocodilian immune system 279:307 However, the composition and action of the crocodilian immune system have remained unclear until now. 28798159 2 55 dep composition 253:263 arg1 the 249:251 the 249:251 the 249:251 However, the composition and action of the crocodilian immune system have remained unclear until now. 28798159 12 56 theme immune 1731:1736 arg1 recruitment 1743:1753 enhanced immune cell recruitment 1722:1753 enhanced immune cell recruitment 1722:1753 In a peritonitis mice model, As-CATH2-6 provided effective protection against bacterial infection through enhanced immune cell recruitment. 28798159 15 57 theme As-CATH1-6 2042:2051 arg1 functions 2029:2037 multiple functions 2020:2037 multiple functions 2020:2037 Taken together, the diversity and multiple functions of As-CATH1-6 partially reveal the powerful immune system of the Chinese alligator. 28798159 15 57 theme As-CATH1-6 2042:2051 arg1 diversity 2006:2014 diversity 2006:2014 diversity 2006:2014 Taken together, the diversity and multiple functions of As-CATH1-6 partially reveal the powerful immune system of the Chinese alligator. 28798159 10 58 from production 1352:1361 arg1 macrophages 1435:1445 mouse peritoneal macrophages 1418:1445 mouse peritoneal macrophages 1418:1445 Furthermore, As-CATH4-6 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal macrophages. 28798159 0 59 theme antimicrobial 142:154 arg1 responses 163:171 host antimicrobial immune responses 137:171 host antimicrobial immune responses 137:171 As-CATH1-6, novel cathelicidins with potent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties from Alligator sinensis, play pivotal roles in host antimicrobial immune responses. 28798159 11 60 theme pathways 1606:1613 arg1 activation 1570:1579 the subsequent activation 1555:1579 the subsequent activation of inflammatory response pathways 1555:1613 They directly neutralized LPS toxicity and therefore inhibited the binding of LPS to the TLR4 receptor and the subsequent activation of inflammatory response pathways. 28798159 11 60 theme pathways 1606:1613 arg1 binding 1515:1521 the binding 1511:1521 the binding of LPS to the TLR4 receptor 1511:1549 They directly neutralized LPS toxicity and therefore inhibited the binding of LPS to the TLR4 receptor and the subsequent activation of inflammatory response pathways. 28798159 7 61 theme coil 857:860 arg1 conformation 872:883 a random coil secondary conformation 848:883 a random coil secondary conformation 848:883 Structure analysis indicated that As-CATH1-3 adopt a random coil secondary conformation, whereas As-CATH4-6 were predicted to mainly adopt an amphipathic α-helix conformation. 28798159 1 62 theme immune 225:230 arg1 system 232:237 a powerful immune system 214:237 a powerful immune system 214:237 Crocodilians are regarded as possessing a powerful immune system. 28798159 12 63 theme bacterial 1694:1702 arg1 infection 1704:1712 bacterial infection 1694:1712 bacterial infection 1694:1712 In a peritonitis mice model, As-CATH2-6 provided effective protection against bacterial infection through enhanced immune cell recruitment. 28798159 11 64 theme inflammatory 1584:1595 arg1 pathways 1606:1613 inflammatory response pathways 1584:1613 inflammatory response pathways 1584:1613 They directly neutralized LPS toxicity and therefore inhibited the binding of LPS to the TLR4 receptor and the subsequent activation of inflammatory response pathways. 28798159 15 65 dep diversity 2006:2014 arg1 the 2002:2004 the 2002:2004 the 2002:2004 Taken together, the diversity and multiple functions of As-CATH1-6 partially reveal the powerful immune system of the Chinese alligator. 28798159 0 66 theme Alligator 95:103 arg1 sinensis 105:112 Alligator sinensis 95:112 Alligator sinensis 95:112 As-CATH1-6, novel cathelicidins with potent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties from Alligator sinensis, play pivotal roles in host antimicrobial immune responses. 28798159 12 67 theme mice 1633:1636 arg1 model 1638:1642 a peritonitis mice model 1619:1642 a peritonitis mice model 1619:1642 In a peritonitis mice model, As-CATH2-6 provided effective protection against bacterial infection through enhanced immune cell recruitment. 28798159 15 68 theme Chinese 2104:2110 arg1 alligator 2112:2120 the Chinese alligator 2100:2120 the Chinese alligator 2100:2120 Taken together, the diversity and multiple functions of As-CATH1-6 partially reveal the powerful immune system of the Chinese alligator. 28798159 10 69 theme -induced 1343:1350 arg1 production 1352:1361 the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production 1315:1361 the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal macrophages 1315:1445 Furthermore, As-CATH4-6 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal macrophages. 28798159 8 70 theme membrane 1097:1104 arg1 integrity 1106:1114 cell membrane integrity 1092:1114 cell membrane integrity 1092:1114 Among them, As-CATH4-6 exhibited potent, broad-spectrum and rapid antimicrobial activity by inducing the disruption of cell membrane integrity. 28798159 13 71 theme epithelial 1840:1849 arg1 tissues 1851:1857 epithelial tissues 1840:1857 epithelial tissues 1840:1857 In the host Chinese alligator, As-CATH1-6 are mainly expressed in immune organs and epithelial tissues. 28798159 0 72 theme pivotal 120:126 arg1 roles 128:132 pivotal roles 120:132 pivotal roles 120:132 As-CATH1-6, novel cathelicidins with potent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties from Alligator sinensis, play pivotal roles in host antimicrobial immune responses. 28798159 3 73 theme principal 361:369 arg1 Cathelicidins 342:354 Cathelicidins 342:354 Cathelicidins 342:354 Cathelicidins, the principal family of host defense peptides, play pivotal roles in vertebrate immune defense against microbial invasions. 28798159 3 73 theme principal 361:369 arg1 family 371:376 the principal family 357:376 the principal family of host defense peptides 357:401 Cathelicidins, the principal family of host defense peptides, play pivotal roles in vertebrate immune defense against microbial invasions. 28798159 10 74 theme oxide 1373:1377 arg1 production 1352:1361 the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production 1315:1361 the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal macrophages 1315:1445 Furthermore, As-CATH4-6 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal macrophages. 28798159 15 75 theme immune 2083:2088 arg1 system 2090:2095 the powerful immune system 2070:2095 the powerful immune system of the Chinese alligator 2070:2120 Taken together, the diversity and multiple functions of As-CATH1-6 partially reveal the powerful immune system of the Chinese alligator. 28798159 10 76 theme cytokines 1405:1413 arg1 production 1352:1361 the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production 1315:1361 the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal macrophages 1315:1445 Furthermore, As-CATH4-6 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal macrophages. 28798159 3 77 theme immune 437:442 arg1 defense 444:450 vertebrate immune defense 426:450 vertebrate immune defense against microbial invasions 426:478 Cathelicidins, the principal family of host defense peptides, play pivotal roles in vertebrate immune defense against microbial invasions. 28798159 3 78 theme defense 386:392 arg1 peptides 394:401 host defense peptides 381:401 host defense peptides 381:401 Cathelicidins, the principal family of host defense peptides, play pivotal roles in vertebrate immune defense against microbial invasions. 28798159 0 79 theme potent 37:42 arg1 antimicrobial 44:56 potent antimicrobial 37:56 potent antimicrobial 37:56 As-CATH1-6, novel cathelicidins with potent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties from Alligator sinensis, play pivotal roles in host antimicrobial immune responses. 28798159 14 80 theme important 1938:1946 arg1 role 1948:1951 an important role 1935:1951 an important role 1935:1951 Bacterial infection significantly enhances their expression, which implies an important role in host anti-infective response. 28798159 0 81 with cathelicidins 18:30 arg1 antimicrobial 44:56 potent antimicrobial 37:56 potent antimicrobial 37:56 As-CATH1-6, novel cathelicidins with potent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties from Alligator sinensis, play pivotal roles in host antimicrobial immune responses. 28798159 0 81 with cathelicidins 18:30 arg1 properties 79:88 immunomodulatory properties 62:88 immunomodulatory properties 62:88 As-CATH1-6, novel cathelicidins with potent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties from Alligator sinensis, play pivotal roles in host antimicrobial immune responses. 28798159 3 82 theme pivotal 409:415 arg1 roles 417:421 pivotal roles 409:421 pivotal roles 409:421 Cathelicidins, the principal family of host defense peptides, play pivotal roles in vertebrate immune defense against microbial invasions. 28798159 10 83 theme mouse 1418:1422 arg1 macrophages 1435:1445 mouse peritoneal macrophages 1418:1445 mouse peritoneal macrophages 1418:1445 Furthermore, As-CATH4-6 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal macrophages. 28798159 7 84 theme α-helix 951:957 arg1 conformation 959:970 an amphipathic α-helix conformation 936:970 an amphipathic α-helix conformation 936:970 Structure analysis indicated that As-CATH1-3 adopt a random coil secondary conformation, whereas As-CATH4-6 were predicted to mainly adopt an amphipathic α-helix conformation. 28798159 7 85 theme Structure 797:805 arg1 analysis 807:814 Structure analysis 797:814 Structure analysis 797:814 Structure analysis indicated that As-CATH1-3 adopt a random coil secondary conformation, whereas As-CATH4-6 were predicted to mainly adopt an amphipathic α-helix conformation. 28798159 9 86 theme biofilms 1190:1197 arg1 formation 1167:1175 the formation 1163:1175 the formation of bacterial biofilms 1163:1197 They also exhibited strong ability to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms and eradicate preformed biofilms. 28798159 13 87 theme host 1763:1766 arg1 alligator 1776:1784 the host Chinese alligator 1759:1784 the host Chinese alligator 1759:1784 In the host Chinese alligator, As-CATH1-6 are mainly expressed in immune organs and epithelial tissues. 28798159 9 88 theme preformed 1213:1221 arg1 biofilms 1223:1230 preformed biofilms 1213:1230 preformed biofilms 1213:1230 They also exhibited strong ability to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms and eradicate preformed biofilms. 28798159 11 89 theme LPS 1526:1528 arg1 activation 1570:1579 the subsequent activation 1555:1579 the subsequent activation of inflammatory response pathways 1555:1613 They directly neutralized LPS toxicity and therefore inhibited the binding of LPS to the TLR4 receptor and the subsequent activation of inflammatory response pathways. 28798159 11 89 theme LPS 1526:1528 arg1 binding 1515:1521 the binding 1511:1521 the binding of LPS to the TLR4 receptor 1511:1549 They directly neutralized LPS toxicity and therefore inhibited the binding of LPS to the TLR4 receptor and the subsequent activation of inflammatory response pathways. 25444885 3 0 theme % 726:726 arg1 galactose 728:736 6% galactose 725:736 6% galactose 725:736 Characterization of the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS showed that the monosaccharide composition did not change in response to the nitrate concentration and consisted of 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha), 21% galacturonic acid and 6% galactose. 25444885 4 1 theme cell 856:859 arg1 wall 861:864 the cell wall 852:864 the cell wall of this species 852:880 Presence of up to 5% Kdo in the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study demonstrates the potential of the cell wall of this species as a feedstock for Kdo, a sugar that is difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis and that has applications in medicinal chemistry. 25444885 4 2 from weight 775:780 arg1 Presence 739:746 Presence 739:746 Presence of up to 5% Kdo in the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study 739:820 Presence of up to 5% Kdo in the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study demonstrates the potential of the cell wall of this species as a feedstock for Kdo, a sugar that is difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis and that has applications in medicinal chemistry. 25444885 1 3 theme acidic 189:194 arg1 hydrolysis 210:219 acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis 189:219 hydrolysis 210:219 Carbohydrate composition of the marine microalgae, Tetraselmis suecica was characterized following acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25444885 3 4 theme 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric 659:685 arg1 Dha 693:695 Dha 693:695 Dha 693:695 Characterization of the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS showed that the monosaccharide composition did not change in response to the nitrate concentration and consisted of 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha), 21% galacturonic acid and 6% galactose. 25444885 3 4 theme 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric 659:685 arg1 acid 687:690 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid 655:690 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha) 655:696 Characterization of the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS showed that the monosaccharide composition did not change in response to the nitrate concentration and consisted of 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha), 21% galacturonic acid and 6% galactose. 25444885 2 5 theme biomass 377:383 arg1 % 368:368 45% 366:368 45% of dry biomass 366:383 Monitoring intracellular starch as a function of cultivation time at varying nitrate concentrations showed a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass when grown under nitrate depleted conditions. 25444885 2 5 theme biomass 377:383 arg1 biomass 377:383 dry biomass 373:383 dry biomass 373:383 Monitoring intracellular starch as a function of cultivation time at varying nitrate concentrations showed a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass when grown under nitrate depleted conditions. 25444885 2 6 theme maximum 331:337 arg1 content 355:361 a maximum cellular starch content 329:361 a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass 329:383 Monitoring intracellular starch as a function of cultivation time at varying nitrate concentrations showed a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass when grown under nitrate depleted conditions. 25444885 2 7 theme cellular 339:346 arg1 content 355:361 a maximum cellular starch content 329:361 a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass 329:383 Monitoring intracellular starch as a function of cultivation time at varying nitrate concentrations showed a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass when grown under nitrate depleted conditions. 25444885 4 8 theme wall 861:864 arg1 potential 839:847 the potential 835:847 the potential of the cell wall of this species 835:880 Presence of up to 5% Kdo in the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study demonstrates the potential of the cell wall of this species as a feedstock for Kdo, a sugar that is difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis and that has applications in medicinal chemistry. 25444885 4 8 theme wall 861:864 arg1 feedstock 887:895 a feedstock 885:895 a feedstock for Kdo, a sugar that is difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis and that has applications in medicinal chemistry 885:1011 Presence of up to 5% Kdo in the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study demonstrates the potential of the cell wall of this species as a feedstock for Kdo, a sugar that is difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis and that has applications in medicinal chemistry. 25444885 1 9 dep suecica 153:159 arg1 Tetraselmis 141:151 the marine microalgae, Tetraselmis suecica 118:159 Tetraselmis 141:151 Carbohydrate composition of the marine microalgae, Tetraselmis suecica was characterized following acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25444885 2 10 theme dry 373:375 arg1 biomass 377:383 dry biomass 373:383 dry biomass 373:383 Monitoring intracellular starch as a function of cultivation time at varying nitrate concentrations showed a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass when grown under nitrate depleted conditions. 25444885 3 11 theme nitrate 569:575 arg1 concentration 577:589 the nitrate concentration 565:589 the nitrate concentration 565:589 Characterization of the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS showed that the monosaccharide composition did not change in response to the nitrate concentration and consisted of 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha), 21% galacturonic acid and 6% galactose. 25444885 3 12 theme wall 460:463 arg1 methanolysates 465:478 the cell wall methanolysates 451:478 the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS 451:490 Characterization of the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS showed that the monosaccharide composition did not change in response to the nitrate concentration and consisted of 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha), 21% galacturonic acid and 6% galactose. 25444885 4 13 dep 5 757:757 arg1 to 754:755 to 754:755 to 754:755 Presence of up to 5% Kdo in the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study demonstrates the potential of the cell wall of this species as a feedstock for Kdo, a sugar that is difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis and that has applications in medicinal chemistry. 25444885 4 14 from % 758:758 arg1 weight 775:780 the dry weight 767:780 the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study 767:820 Presence of up to 5% Kdo in the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study demonstrates the potential of the cell wall of this species as a feedstock for Kdo, a sugar that is difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis and that has applications in medicinal chemistry. 25444885 1 15 theme Carbohydrate 90:101 arg1 composition 103:113 Carbohydrate composition 90:113 Carbohydrate composition of the marine microalgae, Tetraselmis suecica 90:159 Carbohydrate composition of the marine microalgae, Tetraselmis suecica was characterized following acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25444885 1 16 theme enzymatic 200:208 arg1 hydrolysis 210:219 acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis 189:219 hydrolysis 210:219 Carbohydrate composition of the marine microalgae, Tetraselmis suecica was characterized following acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25444885 4 17 dep % 758:758 arg1 Kdo 760:762 Kdo 760:762 up to 5% Kdo in the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study 751:820 Presence of up to 5% Kdo in the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study demonstrates the potential of the cell wall of this species as a feedstock for Kdo, a sugar that is difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis and that has applications in medicinal chemistry. 25444885 3 18 theme % 610:610 arg1 Kdo 649:651 Kdo 649:651 Kdo 649:651 Characterization of the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS showed that the monosaccharide composition did not change in response to the nitrate concentration and consisted of 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha), 21% galacturonic acid and 6% galactose. 25444885 3 18 theme % 610:610 arg1 acid 643:646 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid 608:646 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) 608:652 Characterization of the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS showed that the monosaccharide composition did not change in response to the nitrate concentration and consisted of 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha), 21% galacturonic acid and 6% galactose. 25444885 2 19 theme depleted 410:417 arg1 conditions 419:428 nitrate depleted conditions 402:428 nitrate depleted conditions 402:428 Monitoring intracellular starch as a function of cultivation time at varying nitrate concentrations showed a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass when grown under nitrate depleted conditions. 25444885 0 20 theme Enzymatic 0:8 arg1 hydrolysis 19:28 Enzymatic and acid hydrolysis 0:28 hydrolysis 19:28 Enzymatic and acid hydrolysis of Tetraselmis suecica for polysaccharide characterization. 25444885 3 21 theme 54 608:609 arg1 % 610:610 % 610:610 % 610:610 Characterization of the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS showed that the monosaccharide composition did not change in response to the nitrate concentration and consisted of 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha), 21% galacturonic acid and 6% galactose. 25444885 4 22 contain has 973:975 arg2 applications 977:988 applications 977:988 applications 977:988 Presence of up to 5% Kdo in the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study demonstrates the potential of the cell wall of this species as a feedstock for Kdo, a sugar that is difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis and that has applications in medicinal chemistry. 25444885 4 22 contain has 973:975 arg1 synthesis 954:962 chemical synthesis 945:962 chemical synthesis and that has applications in medicinal chemistry 945:1011 Presence of up to 5% Kdo in the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study demonstrates the potential of the cell wall of this species as a feedstock for Kdo, a sugar that is difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis and that has applications in medicinal chemistry. 25444885 3 23 theme 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic 612:641 arg1 Kdo 649:651 Kdo 649:651 Kdo 649:651 Characterization of the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS showed that the monosaccharide composition did not change in response to the nitrate concentration and consisted of 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha), 21% galacturonic acid and 6% galactose. 25444885 3 23 theme 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic 612:641 arg1 acid 643:646 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid 608:646 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) 608:652 Characterization of the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS showed that the monosaccharide composition did not change in response to the nitrate concentration and consisted of 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha), 21% galacturonic acid and 6% galactose. 25444885 3 24 theme methanolysates 465:478 arg1 Characterization 431:446 Characterization 431:446 Characterization of the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS 431:490 Characterization of the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS showed that the monosaccharide composition did not change in response to the nitrate concentration and consisted of 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha), 21% galacturonic acid and 6% galactose. 25444885 4 25 theme medicinal 993:1001 arg1 chemistry 1003:1011 medicinal chemistry 993:1011 medicinal chemistry 993:1011 Presence of up to 5% Kdo in the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study demonstrates the potential of the cell wall of this species as a feedstock for Kdo, a sugar that is difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis and that has applications in medicinal chemistry. 25444885 2 26 theme starch 348:353 arg1 content 355:361 a maximum cellular starch content 329:361 a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass 329:383 Monitoring intracellular starch as a function of cultivation time at varying nitrate concentrations showed a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass when grown under nitrate depleted conditions. 25444885 0 27 theme acid 14:17 arg1 hydrolysis 19:28 Enzymatic and acid hydrolysis 0:28 hydrolysis 19:28 Enzymatic and acid hydrolysis of Tetraselmis suecica for polysaccharide characterization. 25444885 4 28 theme dry 771:773 arg1 weight 775:780 the dry weight 767:780 the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study 767:820 Presence of up to 5% Kdo in the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study demonstrates the potential of the cell wall of this species as a feedstock for Kdo, a sugar that is difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis and that has applications in medicinal chemistry. 25444885 1 29 theme marine 122:127 arg1 suecica 153:159 the marine microalgae, Tetraselmis suecica 118:159 suecica 153:159 Carbohydrate composition of the marine microalgae, Tetraselmis suecica was characterized following acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25444885 3 30 theme monosaccharide 508:521 arg1 composition 523:533 the monosaccharide composition 504:533 the monosaccharide composition 504:533 Characterization of the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS showed that the monosaccharide composition did not change in response to the nitrate concentration and consisted of 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha), 21% galacturonic acid and 6% galactose. 25444885 0 31 theme Tetraselmis 33:43 arg1 hydrolysis 19:28 Enzymatic and acid hydrolysis 0:28 hydrolysis 19:28 Enzymatic and acid hydrolysis of Tetraselmis suecica for polysaccharide characterization. 25444885 3 32 theme % 657:657 arg1 Dha 693:695 Dha 693:695 Dha 693:695 Characterization of the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS showed that the monosaccharide composition did not change in response to the nitrate concentration and consisted of 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha), 21% galacturonic acid and 6% galactose. 25444885 3 32 theme % 657:657 arg1 acid 687:690 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid 655:690 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha) 655:696 Characterization of the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS showed that the monosaccharide composition did not change in response to the nitrate concentration and consisted of 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha), 21% galacturonic acid and 6% galactose. 25444885 2 33 theme cultivation 271:281 arg1 time 283:286 cultivation time 271:286 cultivation time 271:286 Monitoring intracellular starch as a function of cultivation time at varying nitrate concentrations showed a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass when grown under nitrate depleted conditions. 25444885 3 34 theme cell 455:458 arg1 methanolysates 465:478 the cell wall methanolysates 451:478 the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS 451:490 Characterization of the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS showed that the monosaccharide composition did not change in response to the nitrate concentration and consisted of 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha), 21% galacturonic acid and 6% galactose. 25444885 4 35 theme chemical 945:952 arg1 synthesis 954:962 chemical synthesis 945:962 chemical synthesis and that has applications in medicinal chemistry 945:1011 Presence of up to 5% Kdo in the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study demonstrates the potential of the cell wall of this species as a feedstock for Kdo, a sugar that is difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis and that has applications in medicinal chemistry. 25444885 4 36 theme % 758:758 arg1 Presence 739:746 Presence 739:746 Presence of up to 5% Kdo in the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study 739:820 Presence of up to 5% Kdo in the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study demonstrates the potential of the cell wall of this species as a feedstock for Kdo, a sugar that is difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis and that has applications in medicinal chemistry. 25444885 4 37 theme species 874:880 arg1 wall 861:864 the cell wall 852:864 the cell wall of this species 852:880 Presence of up to 5% Kdo in the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study demonstrates the potential of the cell wall of this species as a feedstock for Kdo, a sugar that is difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis and that has applications in medicinal chemistry. 25444885 1 38 theme microalgae 129:138 arg1 suecica 153:159 the marine microalgae, Tetraselmis suecica 118:159 suecica 153:159 Carbohydrate composition of the marine microalgae, Tetraselmis suecica was characterized following acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25444885 3 39 theme % 701:701 arg1 acid 716:719 21% galacturonic acid 699:719 21% galacturonic acid 699:719 Characterization of the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS showed that the monosaccharide composition did not change in response to the nitrate concentration and consisted of 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha), 21% galacturonic acid and 6% galactose. 25444885 3 40 theme galacturonic 703:714 arg1 acid 716:719 21% galacturonic acid 699:719 21% galacturonic acid 699:719 Characterization of the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS showed that the monosaccharide composition did not change in response to the nitrate concentration and consisted of 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha), 21% galacturonic acid and 6% galactose. 25444885 3 41 dep concentration 577:589 arg1 response 553:560 response 553:560 response 553:560 Characterization of the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS showed that the monosaccharide composition did not change in response to the nitrate concentration and consisted of 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha), 21% galacturonic acid and 6% galactose. 25444885 3 42 theme 17 655:656 arg1 % 657:657 % 657:657 % 657:657 Characterization of the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS showed that the monosaccharide composition did not change in response to the nitrate concentration and consisted of 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha), 21% galacturonic acid and 6% galactose. 25444885 2 43 dep depleted 410:417 arg1 nitrate 402:408 nitrate 402:408 nitrate 402:408 Monitoring intracellular starch as a function of cultivation time at varying nitrate concentrations showed a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass when grown under nitrate depleted conditions. 25444885 2 44 theme nitrate 299:305 arg1 concentrations 307:320 varying nitrate concentrations 291:320 varying nitrate concentrations 291:320 Monitoring intracellular starch as a function of cultivation time at varying nitrate concentrations showed a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass when grown under nitrate depleted conditions. 25444885 2 45 theme % 368:368 arg1 content 355:361 a maximum cellular starch content 329:361 a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass 329:383 Monitoring intracellular starch as a function of cultivation time at varying nitrate concentrations showed a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass when grown under nitrate depleted conditions. 25444885 2 46 from concentrations 307:320 arg1 starch 247:252 intracellular starch 233:252 intracellular starch 233:252 Monitoring intracellular starch as a function of cultivation time at varying nitrate concentrations showed a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass when grown under nitrate depleted conditions. 25444885 2 46 from concentrations 307:320 arg1 function 259:266 a function 257:266 a function of cultivation time at varying nitrate concentrations 257:320 Monitoring intracellular starch as a function of cultivation time at varying nitrate concentrations showed a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass when grown under nitrate depleted conditions. 25444885 2 47 theme intracellular 233:245 arg1 starch 247:252 intracellular starch 233:252 intracellular starch 233:252 Monitoring intracellular starch as a function of cultivation time at varying nitrate concentrations showed a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass when grown under nitrate depleted conditions. 25444885 2 47 theme intracellular 233:245 arg1 function 259:266 a function 257:266 a function of cultivation time at varying nitrate concentrations 257:320 Monitoring intracellular starch as a function of cultivation time at varying nitrate concentrations showed a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass when grown under nitrate depleted conditions. 25444885 2 48 theme varying 291:297 arg1 concentrations 307:320 varying nitrate concentrations 291:320 varying nitrate concentrations 291:320 Monitoring intracellular starch as a function of cultivation time at varying nitrate concentrations showed a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass when grown under nitrate depleted conditions. 25444885 1 49 theme suecica 153:159 arg1 composition 103:113 Carbohydrate composition 90:113 Carbohydrate composition of the marine microalgae, Tetraselmis suecica 90:159 Carbohydrate composition of the marine microalgae, Tetraselmis suecica was characterized following acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis. 25444885 3 50 theme 21 699:700 arg1 % 701:701 % 701:701 % 701:701 Characterization of the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS showed that the monosaccharide composition did not change in response to the nitrate concentration and consisted of 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha), 21% galacturonic acid and 6% galactose. 25444885 4 51 theme suecica 788:794 arg1 weight 775:780 the dry weight 767:780 the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study 767:820 Presence of up to 5% Kdo in the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study demonstrates the potential of the cell wall of this species as a feedstock for Kdo, a sugar that is difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis and that has applications in medicinal chemistry. 25444885 4 52 from Presence 739:746 arg1 weight 775:780 the dry weight 767:780 the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study 767:820 Presence of up to 5% Kdo in the dry weight of T. suecica established in this study demonstrates the potential of the cell wall of this species as a feedstock for Kdo, a sugar that is difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis and that has applications in medicinal chemistry. 25444885 0 53 theme polysaccharide 57:70 arg1 characterization 72:87 polysaccharide characterization 57:87 polysaccharide characterization 57:87 Enzymatic and acid hydrolysis of Tetraselmis suecica for polysaccharide characterization. 25444885 3 54 theme 6 725:725 arg1 % 726:726 % 726:726 % 726:726 Characterization of the cell wall methanolysates using GC/MS showed that the monosaccharide composition did not change in response to the nitrate concentration and consisted of 54% 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), 17% 3-deoxy-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (Dha), 21% galacturonic acid and 6% galactose. 25444885 2 55 theme time 283:286 arg1 starch 247:252 intracellular starch 233:252 intracellular starch 233:252 Monitoring intracellular starch as a function of cultivation time at varying nitrate concentrations showed a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass when grown under nitrate depleted conditions. 25444885 2 55 theme time 283:286 arg1 function 259:266 a function 257:266 a function of cultivation time at varying nitrate concentrations 257:320 Monitoring intracellular starch as a function of cultivation time at varying nitrate concentrations showed a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass when grown under nitrate depleted conditions. 25538681 1 0 theme binding 174:180 arg1 OBPs 192:195 OBPs 192:195 OBPs 192:195 The diversity of olfactory binding proteins (OBPs) is a key point to understand their role in molecular olfaction. 25538681 1 0 theme binding 174:180 arg1 proteins 182:189 olfactory binding proteins 164:189 olfactory binding proteins (OBPs) 164:196 The diversity of olfactory binding proteins (OBPs) is a key point to understand their role in molecular olfaction. 25538681 1 1 theme molecular 241:249 arg1 olfaction 251:259 molecular olfaction 241:259 molecular olfaction 241:259 The diversity of olfactory binding proteins (OBPs) is a key point to understand their role in molecular olfaction. 25538681 0 2 theme Proteome 57:64 arg1 Analysis 10:17 Proteomic Analysis 0:17 Proteomic Analysis of Pig (Sus scrofa) Olfactory Soluble Proteome 0:64 Proteomic Analysis of Pig (Sus scrofa) Olfactory Soluble Proteome Reveals O-Linked-N-Acetylglucosaminylation of Secreted Odorant-Binding Proteins. 25538681 5 3 from proteins 897:904 arg1 EOGT 931:934 EOGT 931:934 EOGT 931:934 An ortholog gene of the glycosyltransferase responsible of the O-GlcNAc linking on extracellular proteins in Drosophila and Mouse (EOGT) was amplified from tissues of pigs of different ages and sex. 25538681 5 3 from proteins 897:904 arg1 Mouse 924:928 Mouse 924:928 Mouse 924:928 An ortholog gene of the glycosyltransferase responsible of the O-GlcNAc linking on extracellular proteins in Drosophila and Mouse (EOGT) was amplified from tissues of pigs of different ages and sex. 25538681 5 3 from proteins 897:904 arg1 Drosophila 909:918 Drosophila 909:918 Drosophila 909:918 An ortholog gene of the glycosyltransferase responsible of the O-GlcNAc linking on extracellular proteins in Drosophila and Mouse (EOGT) was amplified from tissues of pigs of different ages and sex. 25538681 1 4 theme proteins 182:189 arg1 diversity 151:159 The diversity 147:159 The diversity of olfactory binding proteins (OBPs) 147:196 The diversity of olfactory binding proteins (OBPs) is a key point to understand their role in molecular olfaction. 25538681 1 4 theme proteins 182:189 arg1 point 207:211 a key point 201:211 a key point to understand their role in molecular olfaction 201:259 The diversity of olfactory binding proteins (OBPs) is a key point to understand their role in molecular olfaction. 25538681 7 5 theme OBPs 1191:1194 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1163:1177 Extracellular O-GlcNAcylation 1149:1177 Extracellular O-GlcNAcylation of secreted OBPs 1149:1194 Extracellular O-GlcNAcylation of secreted OBPs could finely modulate their binding specificities to odors and pheromones. 25538681 6 6 used used 1016:1019 arg2 sequence 1003:1010 The sequence 999:1010 The sequence 999:1010 The sequence was used in a phylogenetic analysis, which evidenced conservation of EOGT in insect and mammalian models studied in molecular olfaction. 25538681 5 7 theme extracellular 883:895 arg1 proteins 897:904 extracellular proteins 883:904 extracellular proteins in Drosophila and Mouse (EOGT) 883:935 An ortholog gene of the glycosyltransferase responsible of the O-GlcNAc linking on extracellular proteins in Drosophila and Mouse (EOGT) was amplified from tissues of pigs of different ages and sex. 25538681 4 8 theme first 659:663 arg1 time 665:668 the first time 655:668 the first time 655:668 Combining two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and western-blot with specific antibodies, our analyses revealed for the first time that the pig nasal mucus is mainly composed of secreted OBP isoforms, some of them being potentially modified by O-GlcNAcylation. 25538681 6 9 theme molecular 1128:1136 arg1 olfaction 1138:1146 molecular olfaction 1128:1146 molecular olfaction 1128:1146 The sequence was used in a phylogenetic analysis, which evidenced conservation of EOGT in insect and mammalian models studied in molecular olfaction. 25538681 2 10 theme different 277:285 arg1 sequences 287:295 only few different sequences 268:295 only few different sequences 268:295 Since only few different sequences were characterized in each mammalian species, they have been considered as passive carriers of odors and pheromones. 25538681 0 11 theme Odorant-Binding 121:135 arg1 Proteins 137:144 Secreted Odorant-Binding Proteins 112:144 Secreted Odorant-Binding Proteins 112:144 Proteomic Analysis of Pig (Sus scrofa) Olfactory Soluble Proteome Reveals O-Linked-N-Acetylglucosaminylation of Secreted Odorant-Binding Proteins. 25538681 8 12 theme new 1290:1292 arg1 mechanism 1294:1302 a new mechanism 1288:1302 a new mechanism for extracellular signaling by OBPs 1288:1338 This constitutes a new mechanism for extracellular signaling by OBPs, suggesting that they act as the first step of odor discrimination. 25538681 3 13 theme nasal 459:463 arg1 mucus 465:469 pig nasal mucus 455:469 pig nasal mucus 455:469 We have explored the soluble proteome of pig nasal mucus, taking benefit of the powerful tools of proteomics. 25538681 2 14 theme few 273:275 arg1 sequences 287:295 only few different sequences 268:295 only few different sequences 268:295 Since only few different sequences were characterized in each mammalian species, they have been considered as passive carriers of odors and pheromones. 25538681 2 15 theme odors 392:396 arg1 they 343:346 they 343:346 they 343:346 Since only few different sequences were characterized in each mammalian species, they have been considered as passive carriers of odors and pheromones. 25538681 2 15 theme odors 392:396 arg1 carriers 380:387 passive carriers 372:387 passive carriers of odors and pheromones 372:411 Since only few different sequences were characterized in each mammalian species, they have been considered as passive carriers of odors and pheromones. 25538681 0 16 theme Secreted 112:119 arg1 Proteins 137:144 Secreted Odorant-Binding Proteins 112:144 Secreted Odorant-Binding Proteins 112:144 Proteomic Analysis of Pig (Sus scrofa) Olfactory Soluble Proteome Reveals O-Linked-N-Acetylglucosaminylation of Secreted Odorant-Binding Proteins. 25538681 3 17 theme proteomics 512:521 arg1 tools 503:507 the powerful tools 490:507 the powerful tools of proteomics 490:521 We have explored the soluble proteome of pig nasal mucus, taking benefit of the powerful tools of proteomics. 25538681 3 18 theme soluble 435:441 arg1 proteome 443:450 the soluble proteome 431:450 the soluble proteome of pig nasal mucus 431:469 We have explored the soluble proteome of pig nasal mucus, taking benefit of the powerful tools of proteomics. 25538681 7 19 theme Extracellular 1149:1161 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1163:1177 Extracellular O-GlcNAcylation 1149:1177 Extracellular O-GlcNAcylation of secreted OBPs 1149:1194 Extracellular O-GlcNAcylation of secreted OBPs could finely modulate their binding specificities to odors and pheromones. 25538681 3 20 theme tools 503:507 arg1 benefit 479:485 benefit 479:485 benefit of the powerful tools of proteomics 479:521 We have explored the soluble proteome of pig nasal mucus, taking benefit of the powerful tools of proteomics. 25538681 4 21 theme OBP 726:728 arg1 isoforms 730:737 secreted OBP isoforms 717:737 secreted OBP isoforms 717:737 Combining two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and western-blot with specific antibodies, our analyses revealed for the first time that the pig nasal mucus is mainly composed of secreted OBP isoforms, some of them being potentially modified by O-GlcNAcylation. 25538681 5 22 theme O-GlcNAc 863:870 arg1 responsible 844:854 responsible 844:854 responsible 844:854 An ortholog gene of the glycosyltransferase responsible of the O-GlcNAc linking on extracellular proteins in Drosophila and Mouse (EOGT) was amplified from tissues of pigs of different ages and sex. 25538681 0 23 theme Proteomic 0:8 arg1 Analysis 10:17 Proteomic Analysis 0:17 Proteomic Analysis of Pig (Sus scrofa) Olfactory Soluble Proteome 0:64 Proteomic Analysis of Pig (Sus scrofa) Olfactory Soluble Proteome Reveals O-Linked-N-Acetylglucosaminylation of Secreted Odorant-Binding Proteins. 25538681 4 24 theme secreted 717:724 arg1 isoforms 730:737 secreted OBP isoforms 717:737 secreted OBP isoforms 717:737 Combining two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and western-blot with specific antibodies, our analyses revealed for the first time that the pig nasal mucus is mainly composed of secreted OBP isoforms, some of them being potentially modified by O-GlcNAcylation. 25538681 2 25 theme passive 372:378 arg1 they 343:346 they 343:346 they 343:346 Since only few different sequences were characterized in each mammalian species, they have been considered as passive carriers of odors and pheromones. 25538681 2 25 theme passive 372:378 arg1 carriers 380:387 passive carriers 372:387 passive carriers of odors and pheromones 372:411 Since only few different sequences were characterized in each mammalian species, they have been considered as passive carriers of odors and pheromones. 25538681 0 26 theme Pig 22:24 arg1 Proteome 57:64 Pig (Sus scrofa) Olfactory Soluble Proteome 22:64 Pig (Sus scrofa) Olfactory Soluble Proteome 22:64 Proteomic Analysis of Pig (Sus scrofa) Olfactory Soluble Proteome Reveals O-Linked-N-Acetylglucosaminylation of Secreted Odorant-Binding Proteins. 25538681 4 27 theme two-dimensional 534:548 arg1 electrophoresis 550:564 two-dimensional electrophoresis 534:564 two-dimensional electrophoresis 534:564 Combining two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and western-blot with specific antibodies, our analyses revealed for the first time that the pig nasal mucus is mainly composed of secreted OBP isoforms, some of them being potentially modified by O-GlcNAcylation. 25538681 8 28 theme first 1373:1377 arg1 step 1379:1382 the first step 1369:1382 the first step of odor discrimination 1369:1405 This constitutes a new mechanism for extracellular signaling by OBPs, suggesting that they act as the first step of odor discrimination. 25538681 8 28 theme first 1373:1377 arg1 they 1357:1360 they 1357:1360 they 1357:1360 This constitutes a new mechanism for extracellular signaling by OBPs, suggesting that they act as the first step of odor discrimination. 25538681 3 29 theme pig 455:457 arg1 mucus 465:469 pig nasal mucus 455:469 pig nasal mucus 455:469 We have explored the soluble proteome of pig nasal mucus, taking benefit of the powerful tools of proteomics. 25538681 4 30 theme mass 567:570 arg1 spectrometry 572:583 mass spectrometry 567:583 mass spectrometry 567:583 Combining two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and western-blot with specific antibodies, our analyses revealed for the first time that the pig nasal mucus is mainly composed of secreted OBP isoforms, some of them being potentially modified by O-GlcNAcylation. 25538681 0 31 theme Proteins 137:144 arg1 O-Linked-N-Acetylglucosaminylation 74:107 O-Linked-N-Acetylglucosaminylation 74:107 O-Linked-N-Acetylglucosaminylation of Secreted Odorant-Binding Proteins 74:144 Proteomic Analysis of Pig (Sus scrofa) Olfactory Soluble Proteome Reveals O-Linked-N-Acetylglucosaminylation of Secreted Odorant-Binding Proteins. 25538681 4 32 theme nasal 683:687 arg1 mucus 689:693 the pig nasal mucus 675:693 the pig nasal mucus 675:693 Combining two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and western-blot with specific antibodies, our analyses revealed for the first time that the pig nasal mucus is mainly composed of secreted OBP isoforms, some of them being potentially modified by O-GlcNAcylation. 25538681 1 33 theme key 203:205 arg1 diversity 151:159 The diversity 147:159 The diversity of olfactory binding proteins (OBPs) 147:196 The diversity of olfactory binding proteins (OBPs) is a key point to understand their role in molecular olfaction. 25538681 1 33 theme key 203:205 arg1 point 207:211 a key point 201:211 a key point to understand their role in molecular olfaction 201:259 The diversity of olfactory binding proteins (OBPs) is a key point to understand their role in molecular olfaction. 25538681 0 34 theme Sus 27:29 arg1 Proteome 57:64 Pig (Sus scrofa) Olfactory Soluble Proteome 22:64 Pig (Sus scrofa) Olfactory Soluble Proteome 22:64 Proteomic Analysis of Pig (Sus scrofa) Olfactory Soluble Proteome Reveals O-Linked-N-Acetylglucosaminylation of Secreted Odorant-Binding Proteins. 25538681 5 35 theme glycosyltransferase 824:842 arg1 gene 812:815 An ortholog gene 800:815 An ortholog gene of the glycosyltransferase responsible of the O-GlcNAc linking on extracellular proteins in Drosophila and Mouse (EOGT) 800:935 An ortholog gene of the glycosyltransferase responsible of the O-GlcNAc linking on extracellular proteins in Drosophila and Mouse (EOGT) was amplified from tissues of pigs of different ages and sex. 25538681 5 36 theme sex 994:996 arg1 pigs 967:970 pigs 967:970 pigs of different ages and sex 967:996 An ortholog gene of the glycosyltransferase responsible of the O-GlcNAc linking on extracellular proteins in Drosophila and Mouse (EOGT) was amplified from tissues of pigs of different ages and sex. 25538681 6 37 theme phylogenetic 1026:1037 arg1 analysis 1039:1046 a phylogenetic analysis 1024:1046 a phylogenetic analysis 1024:1046 The sequence was used in a phylogenetic analysis, which evidenced conservation of EOGT in insect and mammalian models studied in molecular olfaction. 25538681 2 38 theme pheromones 402:411 arg1 they 343:346 they 343:346 they 343:346 Since only few different sequences were characterized in each mammalian species, they have been considered as passive carriers of odors and pheromones. 25538681 2 38 theme pheromones 402:411 arg1 carriers 380:387 passive carriers 372:387 passive carriers of odors and pheromones 372:411 Since only few different sequences were characterized in each mammalian species, they have been considered as passive carriers of odors and pheromones. 25538681 4 39 theme pig 679:681 arg1 mucus 689:693 the pig nasal mucus 675:693 the pig nasal mucus 675:693 Combining two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and western-blot with specific antibodies, our analyses revealed for the first time that the pig nasal mucus is mainly composed of secreted OBP isoforms, some of them being potentially modified by O-GlcNAcylation. 25538681 8 40 theme extracellular 1308:1320 arg1 signaling 1322:1330 extracellular signaling 1308:1330 extracellular signaling by OBPs 1308:1338 This constitutes a new mechanism for extracellular signaling by OBPs, suggesting that they act as the first step of odor discrimination. 25538681 5 41 theme ortholog 803:810 arg1 gene 812:815 An ortholog gene 800:815 An ortholog gene of the glycosyltransferase responsible of the O-GlcNAc linking on extracellular proteins in Drosophila and Mouse (EOGT) 800:935 An ortholog gene of the glycosyltransferase responsible of the O-GlcNAc linking on extracellular proteins in Drosophila and Mouse (EOGT) was amplified from tissues of pigs of different ages and sex. 25538681 5 42 theme responsible 844:854 arg1 glycosyltransferase 824:842 the glycosyltransferase 820:842 the glycosyltransferase responsible of the O-GlcNAc linking on extracellular proteins in Drosophila and Mouse (EOGT) 820:935 An ortholog gene of the glycosyltransferase responsible of the O-GlcNAc linking on extracellular proteins in Drosophila and Mouse (EOGT) was amplified from tissues of pigs of different ages and sex. 25538681 1 43 from role 233:236 arg1 olfaction 251:259 molecular olfaction 241:259 molecular olfaction 241:259 The diversity of olfactory binding proteins (OBPs) is a key point to understand their role in molecular olfaction. 25538681 7 44 theme binding 1224:1230 arg1 specificities 1232:1244 their binding specificities 1218:1244 their binding specificities 1218:1244 Extracellular O-GlcNAcylation of secreted OBPs could finely modulate their binding specificities to odors and pheromones. 25538681 8 45 theme discrimination 1392:1405 arg1 step 1379:1382 the first step 1369:1382 the first step of odor discrimination 1369:1405 This constitutes a new mechanism for extracellular signaling by OBPs, suggesting that they act as the first step of odor discrimination. 25538681 8 45 theme discrimination 1392:1405 arg1 they 1357:1360 they 1357:1360 they 1357:1360 This constitutes a new mechanism for extracellular signaling by OBPs, suggesting that they act as the first step of odor discrimination. 25538681 6 46 theme EOGT 1081:1084 arg1 conservation 1065:1076 conservation 1065:1076 conservation of EOGT in insect and mammalian models studied in molecular olfaction 1065:1146 The sequence was used in a phylogenetic analysis, which evidenced conservation of EOGT in insect and mammalian models studied in molecular olfaction. 25538681 6 47 theme mammalian 1100:1108 arg1 models 1110:1115 insect and mammalian models 1089:1115 insect and mammalian models studied in molecular olfaction 1089:1146 The sequence was used in a phylogenetic analysis, which evidenced conservation of EOGT in insect and mammalian models studied in molecular olfaction. 25538681 7 48 theme secreted 1182:1189 arg1 OBPs 1191:1194 secreted OBPs 1182:1194 secreted OBPs 1182:1194 Extracellular O-GlcNAcylation of secreted OBPs could finely modulate their binding specificities to odors and pheromones. 25538681 8 49 theme odor 1387:1390 arg1 discrimination 1392:1405 odor discrimination 1387:1405 odor discrimination 1387:1405 This constitutes a new mechanism for extracellular signaling by OBPs, suggesting that they act as the first step of odor discrimination. 25538681 4 50 mod modified 771:778 arg1 them 748:751 them 748:751 them 748:751 Combining two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and western-blot with specific antibodies, our analyses revealed for the first time that the pig nasal mucus is mainly composed of secreted OBP isoforms, some of them being potentially modified by O-GlcNAcylation. 25538681 4 50 mod modified 771:778 arg3 O-GlcNAcylation 783:797 O-GlcNAcylation 783:797 O-GlcNAcylation 783:797 Combining two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and western-blot with specific antibodies, our analyses revealed for the first time that the pig nasal mucus is mainly composed of secreted OBP isoforms, some of them being potentially modified by O-GlcNAcylation. 25538681 4 50 mod modified 771:778 arg1 some 740:743 some 740:743 some 740:743 Combining two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and western-blot with specific antibodies, our analyses revealed for the first time that the pig nasal mucus is mainly composed of secreted OBP isoforms, some of them being potentially modified by O-GlcNAcylation. 25538681 3 51 theme mucus 465:469 arg1 proteome 443:450 the soluble proteome 431:450 the soluble proteome of pig nasal mucus 431:469 We have explored the soluble proteome of pig nasal mucus, taking benefit of the powerful tools of proteomics. 25538681 4 52 theme specific 608:615 arg1 antibodies 617:626 specific antibodies 608:626 specific antibodies 608:626 Combining two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and western-blot with specific antibodies, our analyses revealed for the first time that the pig nasal mucus is mainly composed of secreted OBP isoforms, some of them being potentially modified by O-GlcNAcylation. 25538681 5 53 theme pigs 967:970 arg1 tissues 956:962 tissues 956:962 tissues of pigs of different ages and sex 956:996 An ortholog gene of the glycosyltransferase responsible of the O-GlcNAc linking on extracellular proteins in Drosophila and Mouse (EOGT) was amplified from tissues of pigs of different ages and sex. 25538681 5 54 theme different 975:983 arg1 ages 985:988 different ages 975:988 different ages 975:988 An ortholog gene of the glycosyltransferase responsible of the O-GlcNAc linking on extracellular proteins in Drosophila and Mouse (EOGT) was amplified from tissues of pigs of different ages and sex. 25538681 6 55 from conservation 1065:1076 arg1 models 1110:1115 insect and mammalian models 1089:1115 insect and mammalian models studied in molecular olfaction 1089:1146 The sequence was used in a phylogenetic analysis, which evidenced conservation of EOGT in insect and mammalian models studied in molecular olfaction. 25538681 2 56 theme mammalian 324:332 arg1 species 334:340 each mammalian species 319:340 each mammalian species 319:340 Since only few different sequences were characterized in each mammalian species, they have been considered as passive carriers of odors and pheromones. 25538681 6 57 theme insect 1089:1094 arg1 models 1110:1115 insect and mammalian models 1089:1115 insect and mammalian models studied in molecular olfaction 1089:1146 The sequence was used in a phylogenetic analysis, which evidenced conservation of EOGT in insect and mammalian models studied in molecular olfaction. 25538681 0 58 theme Soluble 49:55 arg1 Proteome 57:64 Pig (Sus scrofa) Olfactory Soluble Proteome 22:64 Pig (Sus scrofa) Olfactory Soluble Proteome 22:64 Proteomic Analysis of Pig (Sus scrofa) Olfactory Soluble Proteome Reveals O-Linked-N-Acetylglucosaminylation of Secreted Odorant-Binding Proteins. 25538681 5 59 theme ages 985:988 arg1 pigs 967:970 pigs 967:970 pigs of different ages and sex 967:996 An ortholog gene of the glycosyltransferase responsible of the O-GlcNAc linking on extracellular proteins in Drosophila and Mouse (EOGT) was amplified from tissues of pigs of different ages and sex. 25538681 3 60 theme powerful 494:501 arg1 tools 503:507 the powerful tools 490:507 the powerful tools of proteomics 490:521 We have explored the soluble proteome of pig nasal mucus, taking benefit of the powerful tools of proteomics. 25538681 0 61 theme Olfactory 39:47 arg1 Proteome 57:64 Pig (Sus scrofa) Olfactory Soluble Proteome 22:64 Pig (Sus scrofa) Olfactory Soluble Proteome 22:64 Proteomic Analysis of Pig (Sus scrofa) Olfactory Soluble Proteome Reveals O-Linked-N-Acetylglucosaminylation of Secreted Odorant-Binding Proteins. 25538681 1 62 theme olfactory 164:172 arg1 OBPs 192:195 OBPs 192:195 OBPs 192:195 The diversity of olfactory binding proteins (OBPs) is a key point to understand their role in molecular olfaction. 25538681 1 62 theme olfactory 164:172 arg1 proteins 182:189 olfactory binding proteins 164:189 olfactory binding proteins (OBPs) 164:196 The diversity of olfactory binding proteins (OBPs) is a key point to understand their role in molecular olfaction. 27842850 4 0 theme homogeneous 628:638 arg1 gels 640:643 homogeneous gels 628:643 homogeneous gels with calcium and chitosan oligomers 628:679 Using two different alginates of similar molecular weights but different chemical composition, i.e. guluronic acid content of 46 and 68%, we found that both alginates could form homogeneous gels with calcium and chitosan oligomers separately and without syneresis. 27842850 5 1 theme Systematic 715:724 arg1 combinations 726:737 Systematic combinations 715:737 Systematic combinations of calcium and chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers 715:787 Systematic combinations of calcium and chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers were tested, showing that up to 50% of the calcium could be substituted with chitosan oligomers without reduction in gel strength or increased syneresis for the alginate with the lowest guluronic acid content. 27842850 4 2 theme different 460:468 arg1 alginates 470:478 two different alginates 456:478 two different alginates of similar molecular weights but different chemical composition 456:542 Using two different alginates of similar molecular weights but different chemical composition, i.e. guluronic acid content of 46 and 68%, we found that both alginates could form homogeneous gels with calcium and chitosan oligomers separately and without syneresis. 27842850 5 3 theme calcium 832:838 arg1 % 823:823 up to 50% 815:823 up to 50% of the calcium 815:838 Systematic combinations of calcium and chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers were tested, showing that up to 50% of the calcium could be substituted with chitosan oligomers without reduction in gel strength or increased syneresis for the alginate with the lowest guluronic acid content. 27842850 5 3 theme calcium 832:838 arg1 calcium 832:838 the calcium 828:838 the calcium 828:838 Systematic combinations of calcium and chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers were tested, showing that up to 50% of the calcium could be substituted with chitosan oligomers without reduction in gel strength or increased syneresis for the alginate with the lowest guluronic acid content. 27842850 4 4 theme composition 532:542 arg1 alginates 470:478 two different alginates 456:478 two different alginates of similar molecular weights but different chemical composition 456:542 Using two different alginates of similar molecular weights but different chemical composition, i.e. guluronic acid content of 46 and 68%, we found that both alginates could form homogeneous gels with calcium and chitosan oligomers separately and without syneresis. 27842850 4 5 with gels 640:643 arg1 oligomers 671:679 calcium and chitosan oligomers 650:679 calcium and chitosan oligomers 650:679 Using two different alginates of similar molecular weights but different chemical composition, i.e. guluronic acid content of 46 and 68%, we found that both alginates could form homogeneous gels with calcium and chitosan oligomers separately and without syneresis. 27842850 4 6 theme guluronic 550:558 arg1 content 565:571 guluronic acid content 550:571 guluronic acid content of 46 and 68% 550:585 Using two different alginates of similar molecular weights but different chemical composition, i.e. guluronic acid content of 46 and 68%, we found that both alginates could form homogeneous gels with calcium and chitosan oligomers separately and without syneresis. 27842850 5 7 theme oligomers 763:771 arg1 combinations 726:737 Systematic combinations 715:737 Systematic combinations of calcium and chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers 715:787 Systematic combinations of calcium and chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers were tested, showing that up to 50% of the calcium could be substituted with chitosan oligomers without reduction in gel strength or increased syneresis for the alginate with the lowest guluronic acid content. 27842850 5 8 theme gel 906:908 arg1 strength 910:917 gel strength 906:917 gel strength 906:917 Systematic combinations of calcium and chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers were tested, showing that up to 50% of the calcium could be substituted with chitosan oligomers without reduction in gel strength or increased syneresis for the alginate with the lowest guluronic acid content. 27842850 4 9 theme similar 483:489 arg1 weights 501:507 similar molecular weights 483:507 similar molecular weights 483:507 Using two different alginates of similar molecular weights but different chemical composition, i.e. guluronic acid content of 46 and 68%, we found that both alginates could form homogeneous gels with calcium and chitosan oligomers separately and without syneresis. 27842850 2 10 dep crosslinkers 268:279 arg1 Khong 282:286 Khong 282:286 Khong 282:286 Recently we reported that alginates may also form gels with chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers (Khong, Aarstad, Skjåk-Bræk, Draget, & Vårum, 2013). 27842850 2 10 dep crosslinkers 268:279 arg1 2013 327:330 2013 327:330 2013 327:330 Recently we reported that alginates may also form gels with chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers (Khong, Aarstad, Skjåk-Bræk, Draget, & Vårum, 2013). 27842850 2 10 dep crosslinkers 268:279 arg1 Vårum 320:324 Vårum 320:324 Vårum 320:324 Recently we reported that alginates may also form gels with chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers (Khong, Aarstad, Skjåk-Bræk, Draget, & Vårum, 2013). 27842850 2 10 dep crosslinkers 268:279 arg1 Skjåk-Bræk 298:307 Skjåk-Bræk 298:307 Skjåk-Bræk 298:307 Recently we reported that alginates may also form gels with chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers (Khong, Aarstad, Skjåk-Bræk, Draget, & Vårum, 2013). 27842850 5 11 with alginate 950:957 arg1 content 990:996 the lowest guluronic acid content 964:996 the lowest guluronic acid content 964:996 Systematic combinations of calcium and chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers were tested, showing that up to 50% of the calcium could be substituted with chitosan oligomers without reduction in gel strength or increased syneresis for the alginate with the lowest guluronic acid content. 27842850 6 12 theme pure 1066:1069 arg1 gels 1088:1091 pure calcium alginate gels 1066:1091 pure calcium alginate gels 1066:1091 Furthermore, the kinetics of the combined gels were different from pure calcium alginate gels. 27842850 1 13 used used 138:141 arg2 polysaccharides 106:120 polysaccharides 106:120 polysaccharides that are widely used in relation to their ability to form gels 106:183 Alginates are polysaccharides that are widely used in relation to their ability to form gels. 27842850 1 13 used used 138:141 arg2 Alginates 92:100 Alginates 92:100 Alginates 92:100 Alginates are polysaccharides that are widely used in relation to their ability to form gels. 27842850 5 14 theme chitosan 754:761 arg1 oligomers 763:771 calcium and chitosan oligomers 742:771 calcium and chitosan oligomers 742:771 Systematic combinations of calcium and chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers were tested, showing that up to 50% of the calcium could be substituted with chitosan oligomers without reduction in gel strength or increased syneresis for the alginate with the lowest guluronic acid content. 27842850 5 15 theme chitosan 866:873 arg1 oligomers 875:883 chitosan oligomers 866:883 chitosan oligomers without reduction in gel strength or increased syneresis for the alginate with the lowest guluronic acid content 866:996 Systematic combinations of calcium and chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers were tested, showing that up to 50% of the calcium could be substituted with chitosan oligomers without reduction in gel strength or increased syneresis for the alginate with the lowest guluronic acid content. 27842850 5 16 from syneresis 932:940 arg1 strength 910:917 gel strength 906:917 gel strength 906:917 Systematic combinations of calcium and chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers were tested, showing that up to 50% of the calcium could be substituted with chitosan oligomers without reduction in gel strength or increased syneresis for the alginate with the lowest guluronic acid content. 27842850 3 17 theme study 361:365 arg1 purpose 338:344 The purpose 334:344 The purpose of the present study 334:365 The purpose of the present study was to characterize alginate gels crosslinked with calcium and chitosan oligomers. 27842850 0 18 theme Alginate 0:7 arg1 gels 9:12 Alginate gels 0:12 Alginate gels with a combination of calcium and chitosan oligomer mixtures as crosslinkers. 0:90 Alginate gels with a combination of calcium and chitosan oligomer mixtures as crosslinkers. 27842850 4 19 theme chitosan 662:669 arg1 oligomers 671:679 calcium and chitosan oligomers 650:679 calcium and chitosan oligomers 650:679 Using two different alginates of similar molecular weights but different chemical composition, i.e. guluronic acid content of 46 and 68%, we found that both alginates could form homogeneous gels with calcium and chitosan oligomers separately and without syneresis. 27842850 4 20 theme weights 501:507 arg1 alginates 470:478 two different alginates 456:478 two different alginates of similar molecular weights but different chemical composition 456:542 Using two different alginates of similar molecular weights but different chemical composition, i.e. guluronic acid content of 46 and 68%, we found that both alginates could form homogeneous gels with calcium and chitosan oligomers separately and without syneresis. 27842850 6 21 theme alginate 1079:1086 arg1 gels 1088:1091 pure calcium alginate gels 1066:1091 pure calcium alginate gels 1066:1091 Furthermore, the kinetics of the combined gels were different from pure calcium alginate gels. 27842850 4 22 theme chemical 523:530 arg1 composition 532:542 different chemical composition 513:542 different chemical composition 513:542 Using two different alginates of similar molecular weights but different chemical composition, i.e. guluronic acid content of 46 and 68%, we found that both alginates could form homogeneous gels with calcium and chitosan oligomers separately and without syneresis. 27842850 6 23 theme calcium 1071:1077 arg1 gels 1088:1091 pure calcium alginate gels 1066:1091 pure calcium alginate gels 1066:1091 Furthermore, the kinetics of the combined gels were different from pure calcium alginate gels. 27842850 4 24 theme different 513:521 arg1 composition 532:542 different chemical composition 513:542 different chemical composition 513:542 Using two different alginates of similar molecular weights but different chemical composition, i.e. guluronic acid content of 46 and 68%, we found that both alginates could form homogeneous gels with calcium and chitosan oligomers separately and without syneresis. 27842850 6 25 from gels 1088:1091 arg1 different 1051:1059 different 1051:1059 different 1051:1059 Furthermore, the kinetics of the combined gels were different from pure calcium alginate gels. 27842850 6 25 from gels 1088:1091 arg1 kinetics 1016:1023 the kinetics 1012:1023 the kinetics of the combined gels 1012:1044 Furthermore, the kinetics of the combined gels were different from pure calcium alginate gels. 27842850 3 26 theme alginate 387:394 arg1 gels 396:399 alginate gels 387:399 alginate gels crosslinked with calcium and chitosan oligomers 387:447 The purpose of the present study was to characterize alginate gels crosslinked with calcium and chitosan oligomers. 27842850 3 27 theme present 353:359 arg1 study 361:365 the present study 349:365 the present study 349:365 The purpose of the present study was to characterize alginate gels crosslinked with calcium and chitosan oligomers. 27842850 5 28 dep 50 821:822 arg1 to 818:819 to 818:819 to 818:819 Systematic combinations of calcium and chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers were tested, showing that up to 50% of the calcium could be substituted with chitosan oligomers without reduction in gel strength or increased syneresis for the alginate with the lowest guluronic acid content. 27842850 4 29 theme % 585:585 arg1 content 565:571 guluronic acid content 550:571 guluronic acid content of 46 and 68% 550:585 Using two different alginates of similar molecular weights but different chemical composition, i.e. guluronic acid content of 46 and 68%, we found that both alginates could form homogeneous gels with calcium and chitosan oligomers separately and without syneresis. 27842850 5 30 theme calcium 742:748 arg1 oligomers 763:771 calcium and chitosan oligomers 742:771 calcium and chitosan oligomers 742:771 Systematic combinations of calcium and chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers were tested, showing that up to 50% of the calcium could be substituted with chitosan oligomers without reduction in gel strength or increased syneresis for the alginate with the lowest guluronic acid content. 27842850 3 31 theme chitosan 430:437 arg1 oligomers 439:447 calcium and chitosan oligomers 418:447 calcium and chitosan oligomers 418:447 The purpose of the present study was to characterize alginate gels crosslinked with calcium and chitosan oligomers. 27842850 0 32 theme calcium 36:42 arg1 mixtures 66:73 chitosan oligomer mixtures 48:73 chitosan oligomer mixtures as crosslinkers 48:89 Alginate gels with a combination of calcium and chitosan oligomer mixtures as crosslinkers. 27842850 0 32 theme calcium 36:42 arg1 combination 21:31 a combination 19:31 a combination of calcium 19:42 Alginate gels with a combination of calcium and chitosan oligomer mixtures as crosslinkers. 27842850 4 33 theme molecular 491:499 arg1 weights 501:507 similar molecular weights 483:507 similar molecular weights 483:507 Using two different alginates of similar molecular weights but different chemical composition, i.e. guluronic acid content of 46 and 68%, we found that both alginates could form homogeneous gels with calcium and chitosan oligomers separately and without syneresis. 27842850 5 34 theme guluronic 975:983 arg1 content 990:996 the lowest guluronic acid content 964:996 the lowest guluronic acid content 964:996 Systematic combinations of calcium and chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers were tested, showing that up to 50% of the calcium could be substituted with chitosan oligomers without reduction in gel strength or increased syneresis for the alginate with the lowest guluronic acid content. 27842850 5 35 theme lowest 968:973 arg1 content 990:996 the lowest guluronic acid content 964:996 the lowest guluronic acid content 964:996 Systematic combinations of calcium and chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers were tested, showing that up to 50% of the calcium could be substituted with chitosan oligomers without reduction in gel strength or increased syneresis for the alginate with the lowest guluronic acid content. 27842850 0 36 with gels 9:12 arg1 mixtures 66:73 chitosan oligomer mixtures 48:73 chitosan oligomer mixtures as crosslinkers 48:89 Alginate gels with a combination of calcium and chitosan oligomer mixtures as crosslinkers. 27842850 0 36 with gels 9:12 arg1 combination 21:31 a combination 19:31 a combination of calcium 19:42 Alginate gels with a combination of calcium and chitosan oligomer mixtures as crosslinkers. 27842850 2 37 with gels 236:239 arg1 oligomers 255:263 chitosan oligomers 246:263 chitosan oligomers 246:263 Recently we reported that alginates may also form gels with chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers (Khong, Aarstad, Skjåk-Bræk, Draget, & Vårum, 2013). 27842850 5 38 theme acid 985:988 arg1 content 990:996 the lowest guluronic acid content 964:996 the lowest guluronic acid content 964:996 Systematic combinations of calcium and chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers were tested, showing that up to 50% of the calcium could be substituted with chitosan oligomers without reduction in gel strength or increased syneresis for the alginate with the lowest guluronic acid content. 27842850 5 39 theme increased 922:930 arg1 syneresis 932:940 increased syneresis 922:940 increased syneresis for the alginate with the lowest guluronic acid content 922:996 Systematic combinations of calcium and chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers were tested, showing that up to 50% of the calcium could be substituted with chitosan oligomers without reduction in gel strength or increased syneresis for the alginate with the lowest guluronic acid content. 27842850 3 40 theme calcium 418:424 arg1 oligomers 439:447 calcium and chitosan oligomers 418:447 calcium and chitosan oligomers 418:447 The purpose of the present study was to characterize alginate gels crosslinked with calcium and chitosan oligomers. 27842850 5 41 from reduction 893:901 arg1 strength 910:917 gel strength 906:917 gel strength 906:917 Systematic combinations of calcium and chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers were tested, showing that up to 50% of the calcium could be substituted with chitosan oligomers without reduction in gel strength or increased syneresis for the alginate with the lowest guluronic acid content. 27842850 2 42 theme chitosan 246:253 arg1 oligomers 255:263 chitosan oligomers 246:263 chitosan oligomers 246:263 Recently we reported that alginates may also form gels with chitosan oligomers as crosslinkers (Khong, Aarstad, Skjåk-Bræk, Draget, & Vårum, 2013). 27842850 4 43 dep content 565:571 arg1 i.e. 545:548 i.e. 545:548 i.e. 545:548 Using two different alginates of similar molecular weights but different chemical composition, i.e. guluronic acid content of 46 and 68%, we found that both alginates could form homogeneous gels with calcium and chitosan oligomers separately and without syneresis. 27842850 4 44 theme calcium 650:656 arg1 oligomers 671:679 calcium and chitosan oligomers 650:679 calcium and chitosan oligomers 650:679 Using two different alginates of similar molecular weights but different chemical composition, i.e. guluronic acid content of 46 and 68%, we found that both alginates could form homogeneous gels with calcium and chitosan oligomers separately and without syneresis. 27842850 4 45 theme acid 560:563 arg1 content 565:571 guluronic acid content 550:571 guluronic acid content of 46 and 68% 550:585 Using two different alginates of similar molecular weights but different chemical composition, i.e. guluronic acid content of 46 and 68%, we found that both alginates could form homogeneous gels with calcium and chitosan oligomers separately and without syneresis. 27842850 0 46 theme oligomer 57:64 arg1 mixtures 66:73 chitosan oligomer mixtures 48:73 chitosan oligomer mixtures as crosslinkers 48:89 Alginate gels with a combination of calcium and chitosan oligomer mixtures as crosslinkers. 27842850 4 47 dep found 591:595 arg1 Using 450:454 Using 450:454 Using two different alginates of similar molecular weights but different chemical composition 450:542 Using two different alginates of similar molecular weights but different chemical composition, i.e. guluronic acid content of 46 and 68%, we found that both alginates could form homogeneous gels with calcium and chitosan oligomers separately and without syneresis. 27842850 6 48 theme gels 1041:1044 arg1 different 1051:1059 different 1051:1059 different 1051:1059 Furthermore, the kinetics of the combined gels were different from pure calcium alginate gels. 27842850 6 48 theme gels 1041:1044 arg1 kinetics 1016:1023 the kinetics 1012:1023 the kinetics of the combined gels 1012:1044 Furthermore, the kinetics of the combined gels were different from pure calcium alginate gels. 27842850 0 49 theme chitosan 48:55 arg1 mixtures 66:73 chitosan oligomer mixtures 48:73 chitosan oligomer mixtures as crosslinkers 48:89 Alginate gels with a combination of calcium and chitosan oligomer mixtures as crosslinkers. 27842850 6 50 theme combined 1032:1039 arg1 gels 1041:1044 the combined gels 1028:1044 the combined gels 1028:1044 Furthermore, the kinetics of the combined gels were different from pure calcium alginate gels. 24571133 3 0 theme US + MB 807:813 arg1 treatment 815:823 the US + MB treatment 803:823 the US + MB treatment 803:823 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis further revealed that the chemical composition of the biofilms was not altered by the US + MB treatment, suggesting that biofilms were removed through physical forces due to the generation of a shock wave and a high-speed water jet through US-triggered bursting of the MB. 24571133 0 1 theme microbubbles 88:99 arg1 bursting 76:83 bursting 76:83 bursting of microbubbles 76:99 Removal of biofilms by intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication triggered bursting of microbubbles. 24571133 3 2 theme MB 990:991 arg1 bursting 974:981 US-triggered bursting 961:981 US-triggered bursting of the MB 961:991 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis further revealed that the chemical composition of the biofilms was not altered by the US + MB treatment, suggesting that biofilms were removed through physical forces due to the generation of a shock wave and a high-speed water jet through US-triggered bursting of the MB. 24571133 3 3 theme US-triggered 961:972 arg1 bursting 974:981 US-triggered bursting 961:981 US-triggered bursting of the MB 961:991 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis further revealed that the chemical composition of the biofilms was not altered by the US + MB treatment, suggesting that biofilms were removed through physical forces due to the generation of a shock wave and a high-speed water jet through US-triggered bursting of the MB. 24571133 3 4 dep infrared 696:703 arg1 FTIR 706:709 FTIR 706:709 FTIR 706:709 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis further revealed that the chemical composition of the biofilms was not altered by the US + MB treatment, suggesting that biofilms were removed through physical forces due to the generation of a shock wave and a high-speed water jet through US-triggered bursting of the MB. 24571133 2 5 theme biofilms 550:557 arg1 proteins 509:516 the extracellular proteins 491:516 the extracellular proteins 491:516 It was found that the fixed biomass, and the extracellular proteins and polysaccharides of 24-h old biofilms grown on a nylon membrane surface were reduced, respectively, by 75, 79 and 72% after treatment by the US + MB method. 24571133 2 5 theme biofilms 550:557 arg1 polysaccharides 522:536 polysaccharides 522:536 polysaccharides 522:536 It was found that the fixed biomass, and the extracellular proteins and polysaccharides of 24-h old biofilms grown on a nylon membrane surface were reduced, respectively, by 75, 79 and 72% after treatment by the US + MB method. 24571133 3 6 theme shock 915:919 arg1 wave 921:924 a shock wave 913:924 a shock wave 913:924 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis further revealed that the chemical composition of the biofilms was not altered by the US + MB treatment, suggesting that biofilms were removed through physical forces due to the generation of a shock wave and a high-speed water jet through US-triggered bursting of the MB. 24571133 4 7 theme chemical-free 1034:1046 arg1 technology 1048:1057 a chemical-free technology 1032:1057 a chemical-free technology for biofilm removal 1032:1077 The proposed method can be considered a chemical-free technology for biofilm removal. 24571133 1 8 theme microbubbles 272:283 arg1 bursting 260:267 bursting 260:267 bursting of microbubbles (MB) in such a sequence 260:307 In this study, a chemical-free cleaning method for biofilms removal is presented, which is based on intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication (US) triggered bursting of microbubbles (MB) in such a sequence that MB were continuously introduced into the reaction vessel for 15 min, while US was activated for 2 s after every 2 min of microbubbling. 24571133 3 9 theme wave 921:924 arg1 generation 899:908 the generation 895:908 the generation of a shock wave 895:924 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis further revealed that the chemical composition of the biofilms was not altered by the US + MB treatment, suggesting that biofilms were removed through physical forces due to the generation of a shock wave and a high-speed water jet through US-triggered bursting of the MB. 24571133 3 9 theme wave 921:924 arg1 jet 949:951 a high-speed water jet 930:951 a high-speed water jet through US-triggered bursting of the MB 930:991 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis further revealed that the chemical composition of the biofilms was not altered by the US + MB treatment, suggesting that biofilms were removed through physical forces due to the generation of a shock wave and a high-speed water jet through US-triggered bursting of the MB. 24571133 2 10 theme fixed 472:476 arg1 biomass 478:484 the fixed biomass 468:484 the fixed biomass 468:484 It was found that the fixed biomass, and the extracellular proteins and polysaccharides of 24-h old biofilms grown on a nylon membrane surface were reduced, respectively, by 75, 79 and 72% after treatment by the US + MB method. 24571133 1 11 theme reaction 355:362 arg1 vessel 364:369 the reaction vessel 351:369 the reaction vessel for 15 min 351:380 In this study, a chemical-free cleaning method for biofilms removal is presented, which is based on intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication (US) triggered bursting of microbubbles (MB) in such a sequence that MB were continuously introduced into the reaction vessel for 15 min, while US was activated for 2 s after every 2 min of microbubbling. 24571133 2 12 theme membrane 576:583 arg1 surface 585:591 a nylon membrane surface 568:591 a nylon membrane surface 568:591 It was found that the fixed biomass, and the extracellular proteins and polysaccharides of 24-h old biofilms grown on a nylon membrane surface were reduced, respectively, by 75, 79 and 72% after treatment by the US + MB method. 24571133 1 13 theme microbubbling 435:447 arg1 2 min 426:430 every 2 min 420:430 every 2 min of microbubbling 420:447 In this study, a chemical-free cleaning method for biofilms removal is presented, which is based on intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication (US) triggered bursting of microbubbles (MB) in such a sequence that MB were continuously introduced into the reaction vessel for 15 min, while US was activated for 2 s after every 2 min of microbubbling. 24571133 2 14 theme nylon 570:574 arg1 surface 585:591 a nylon membrane surface 568:591 a nylon membrane surface 568:591 It was found that the fixed biomass, and the extracellular proteins and polysaccharides of 24-h old biofilms grown on a nylon membrane surface were reduced, respectively, by 75, 79 and 72% after treatment by the US + MB method. 24571133 2 15 theme 75 624:625 arg1 % 637:637 75, 79 and 72% 624:637 % 637:637 It was found that the fixed biomass, and the extracellular proteins and polysaccharides of 24-h old biofilms grown on a nylon membrane surface were reduced, respectively, by 75, 79 and 72% after treatment by the US + MB method. 24571133 3 16 theme high-speed 932:941 arg1 jet 949:951 a high-speed water jet 930:951 a high-speed water jet through US-triggered bursting of the MB 930:991 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis further revealed that the chemical composition of the biofilms was not altered by the US + MB treatment, suggesting that biofilms were removed through physical forces due to the generation of a shock wave and a high-speed water jet through US-triggered bursting of the MB. 24571133 3 17 theme water 943:947 arg1 jet 949:951 a high-speed water jet 930:951 a high-speed water jet through US-triggered bursting of the MB 930:991 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis further revealed that the chemical composition of the biofilms was not altered by the US + MB treatment, suggesting that biofilms were removed through physical forces due to the generation of a shock wave and a high-speed water jet through US-triggered bursting of the MB. 24571133 3 18 theme chemical 747:754 arg1 composition 756:766 the chemical composition 743:766 the chemical composition of the biofilms 743:782 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis further revealed that the chemical composition of the biofilms was not altered by the US + MB treatment, suggesting that biofilms were removed through physical forces due to the generation of a shock wave and a high-speed water jet through US-triggered bursting of the MB. 24571133 0 19 theme biofilms 11:18 arg1 Removal 0:6 Removal 0:6 Removal of biofilms by intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication 0:64 Removal of biofilms by intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication triggered bursting of microbubbles. 24571133 3 20 theme physical 872:879 arg1 forces 881:886 physical forces 872:886 physical forces due to the generation of a shock wave and a high-speed water jet through US-triggered bursting of the MB 872:991 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis further revealed that the chemical composition of the biofilms was not altered by the US + MB treatment, suggesting that biofilms were removed through physical forces due to the generation of a shock wave and a high-speed water jet through US-triggered bursting of the MB. 24571133 0 21 theme low-intensity 36:48 arg1 ultrasonication 50:64 intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication 23:64 intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication 23:64 Removal of biofilms by intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication triggered bursting of microbubbles. 24571133 2 22 theme extracellular 495:507 arg1 proteins 509:516 the extracellular proteins 491:516 the extracellular proteins 491:516 It was found that the fixed biomass, and the extracellular proteins and polysaccharides of 24-h old biofilms grown on a nylon membrane surface were reduced, respectively, by 75, 79 and 72% after treatment by the US + MB method. 24571133 1 23 theme intermittent 202:213 arg1 ultrasonication 229:243 intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication 202:243 intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication (US) triggered bursting of microbubbles (MB) in such a sequence that MB were continuously introduced into the reaction vessel for 15 min, while US was activated for 2 s after every 2 min of microbubbling 202:447 In this study, a chemical-free cleaning method for biofilms removal is presented, which is based on intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication (US) triggered bursting of microbubbles (MB) in such a sequence that MB were continuously introduced into the reaction vessel for 15 min, while US was activated for 2 s after every 2 min of microbubbling. 24571133 0 24 theme intermittent 23:34 arg1 ultrasonication 50:64 intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication 23:64 intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication 23:64 Removal of biofilms by intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication triggered bursting of microbubbles. 24571133 1 25 from bursting 260:267 arg1 sequence 300:307 such a sequence 293:307 such a sequence 293:307 In this study, a chemical-free cleaning method for biofilms removal is presented, which is based on intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication (US) triggered bursting of microbubbles (MB) in such a sequence that MB were continuously introduced into the reaction vessel for 15 min, while US was activated for 2 s after every 2 min of microbubbling. 24571133 1 26 dep ultrasonication 229:243 arg1 US 246:247 US 246:247 US 246:247 In this study, a chemical-free cleaning method for biofilms removal is presented, which is based on intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication (US) triggered bursting of microbubbles (MB) in such a sequence that MB were continuously introduced into the reaction vessel for 15 min, while US was activated for 2 s after every 2 min of microbubbling. 24571133 3 27 theme due 888:890 arg1 forces 881:886 physical forces 872:886 physical forces due to the generation of a shock wave and a high-speed water jet through US-triggered bursting of the MB 872:991 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis further revealed that the chemical composition of the biofilms was not altered by the US + MB treatment, suggesting that biofilms were removed through physical forces due to the generation of a shock wave and a high-speed water jet through US-triggered bursting of the MB. 24571133 1 28 theme low-intensity 215:227 arg1 ultrasonication 229:243 intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication 202:243 intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication (US) triggered bursting of microbubbles (MB) in such a sequence that MB were continuously introduced into the reaction vessel for 15 min, while US was activated for 2 s after every 2 min of microbubbling 202:447 In this study, a chemical-free cleaning method for biofilms removal is presented, which is based on intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication (US) triggered bursting of microbubbles (MB) in such a sequence that MB were continuously introduced into the reaction vessel for 15 min, while US was activated for 2 s after every 2 min of microbubbling. 24571133 2 29 theme old 546:548 arg1 biofilms 550:557 24-h old biofilms 541:557 24-h old biofilms grown on a nylon membrane surface 541:591 It was found that the fixed biomass, and the extracellular proteins and polysaccharides of 24-h old biofilms grown on a nylon membrane surface were reduced, respectively, by 75, 79 and 72% after treatment by the US + MB method. 24571133 2 30 theme 24-h 541:544 arg1 biofilms 550:557 24-h old biofilms 541:557 24-h old biofilms grown on a nylon membrane surface 541:591 It was found that the fixed biomass, and the extracellular proteins and polysaccharides of 24-h old biofilms grown on a nylon membrane surface were reduced, respectively, by 75, 79 and 72% after treatment by the US + MB method. 24571133 2 31 theme 72 635:636 arg1 % 637:637 75, 79 and 72% 624:637 % 637:637 It was found that the fixed biomass, and the extracellular proteins and polysaccharides of 24-h old biofilms grown on a nylon membrane surface were reduced, respectively, by 75, 79 and 72% after treatment by the US + MB method. 24571133 1 32 theme chemical-free 119:131 arg1 method 142:147 a chemical-free cleaning method 117:147 a chemical-free cleaning method for biofilms removal 117:168 In this study, a chemical-free cleaning method for biofilms removal is presented, which is based on intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication (US) triggered bursting of microbubbles (MB) in such a sequence that MB were continuously introduced into the reaction vessel for 15 min, while US was activated for 2 s after every 2 min of microbubbling. 24571133 1 33 theme cleaning 133:140 arg1 method 142:147 a chemical-free cleaning method 117:147 a chemical-free cleaning method for biofilms removal 117:168 In this study, a chemical-free cleaning method for biofilms removal is presented, which is based on intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication (US) triggered bursting of microbubbles (MB) in such a sequence that MB were continuously introduced into the reaction vessel for 15 min, while US was activated for 2 s after every 2 min of microbubbling. 24571133 2 34 theme US + MB 662:668 arg1 method 670:675 the US + MB method 658:675 the US + MB method 658:675 It was found that the fixed biomass, and the extracellular proteins and polysaccharides of 24-h old biofilms grown on a nylon membrane surface were reduced, respectively, by 75, 79 and 72% after treatment by the US + MB method. 24571133 4 35 theme proposed 998:1005 arg1 method 1007:1012 The proposed method 994:1012 The proposed method 994:1012 The proposed method can be considered a chemical-free technology for biofilm removal. 24571133 4 36 theme biofilm 1063:1069 arg1 removal 1071:1077 biofilm removal 1063:1077 biofilm removal 1063:1077 The proposed method can be considered a chemical-free technology for biofilm removal. 24571133 3 37 theme biofilms 775:782 arg1 composition 756:766 the chemical composition 743:766 the chemical composition of the biofilms 743:782 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis further revealed that the chemical composition of the biofilms was not altered by the US + MB treatment, suggesting that biofilms were removed through physical forces due to the generation of a shock wave and a high-speed water jet through US-triggered bursting of the MB. 24571133 1 38 theme biofilms 153:160 arg1 removal 162:168 biofilms removal 153:168 biofilms removal 153:168 In this study, a chemical-free cleaning method for biofilms removal is presented, which is based on intermittent low-intensity ultrasonication (US) triggered bursting of microbubbles (MB) in such a sequence that MB were continuously introduced into the reaction vessel for 15 min, while US was activated for 2 s after every 2 min of microbubbling. 28775154 0 0 theme galectin-3 77:86 arg1 transport 88:96 galectin-3 transport 77:96 galectin-3 transport to the cell surface 77:116 A genome-wide CRISPR screen reconciles the role of N-linked glycosylation in galectin-3 transport to the cell surface. 28775154 7 1 theme extracellular 1191:1203 arg1 vesicles 1205:1212 extracellular vesicles 1191:1212 extracellular vesicles 1191:1212 These data support a secretion pathway independent of N-linked glycoproteins and extracellular vesicles. 28775154 2 2 theme signal 319:324 arg1 sequence 326:333 a signal sequence 317:333 a signal sequence 317:333 Galectin-3 (Gal-3, also known as LGALS3) is expressed at the cell surface; however, Gal-3 lacks a signal sequence, and the mechanism of Gal-3 transport to the cell surface remains poorly understood. 28775154 7 3 theme vesicles 1205:1212 arg1 independent 1149:1159 independent 1149:1159 independent 1149:1159 These data support a secretion pathway independent of N-linked glycoproteins and extracellular vesicles. 28775154 4 4 theme cell 829:832 arg1 surface 834:840 the cell surface 825:840 the cell surface 825:840 The results of this screening approach led us to address the controversial role of N-linked glycosylation in the transport of Gal-3 to the cell surface. 28775154 5 5 theme N-linked 856:863 arg1 maturation 878:887 N-linked glycoprotein maturation 856:887 N-linked glycoprotein maturation 856:887 We find that N-linked glycoprotein maturation is not required for Gal-3 transport from the cytosol to the extracellular space, but is important for cell surface binding. 28775154 1 6 theme lectin 145:150 arg1 proteins 160:167 lectin binding proteins 145:167 lectin binding proteins expressed both intracellularly and extracellularly 145:218 Galectins are a family of lectin binding proteins expressed both intracellularly and extracellularly. 28775154 7 7 theme glycoproteins 1173:1185 arg1 independent 1149:1159 independent 1149:1159 independent 1149:1159 These data support a secretion pathway independent of N-linked glycoproteins and extracellular vesicles. 28775154 7 8 gly glycoproteins 1173:1185 arg1 glycoproteins 1173:1185 N-linked glycoproteins 1164:1185 N-linked glycoproteins 1164:1185 These data support a secretion pathway independent of N-linked glycoproteins and extracellular vesicles. 28775154 3 9 theme Gal-3 499:503 arg1 localization 518:529 Gal-3 cell surface localization 499:529 Gal-3 cell surface localization 499:529 Here, using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen for regulators of Gal-3 cell surface localization, we identified genes encoding glycoproteins, enzymes involved in N-linked glycosylation, regulators of ER-Golgi trafficking and proteins involved in immunity. 28775154 4 10 theme approach 720:727 arg1 results 694:700 The results 690:700 The results of this screening approach 690:727 The results of this screening approach led us to address the controversial role of N-linked glycosylation in the transport of Gal-3 to the cell surface. 28775154 3 11 theme cell 505:508 arg1 localization 518:529 Gal-3 cell surface localization 499:529 Gal-3 cell surface localization 499:529 Here, using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen for regulators of Gal-3 cell surface localization, we identified genes encoding glycoproteins, enzymes involved in N-linked glycosylation, regulators of ER-Golgi trafficking and proteins involved in immunity. 28775154 0 12 gly glycosylation 60:72 arg1 galectin-3 77:86 galectin-3 transport 77:96 galectin-3 transport to the cell surface 77:116 A genome-wide CRISPR screen reconciles the role of N-linked glycosylation in galectin-3 transport to the cell surface. 28775154 0 13 theme cell 105:108 arg1 surface 110:116 the cell surface 101:116 the cell surface 101:116 A genome-wide CRISPR screen reconciles the role of N-linked glycosylation in galectin-3 transport to the cell surface. 28775154 0 14 from role 43:46 arg1 transport 88:96 galectin-3 transport 77:96 galectin-3 transport to the cell surface 77:116 A genome-wide CRISPR screen reconciles the role of N-linked glycosylation in galectin-3 transport to the cell surface. 28775154 4 15 theme Gal-3 816:820 arg1 transport 803:811 the transport 799:811 the transport of Gal-3 to the cell surface 799:840 The results of this screening approach led us to address the controversial role of N-linked glycosylation in the transport of Gal-3 to the cell surface. 28775154 1 16 theme binding 152:158 arg1 proteins 160:167 lectin binding proteins 145:167 lectin binding proteins expressed both intracellularly and extracellularly 145:218 Galectins are a family of lectin binding proteins expressed both intracellularly and extracellularly. 28775154 7 17 theme N-linked 1164:1171 arg1 glycoproteins 1173:1185 N-linked glycoproteins 1164:1185 N-linked glycoproteins 1164:1185 These data support a secretion pathway independent of N-linked glycoproteins and extracellular vesicles. 28775154 5 18 theme glycoprotein 865:876 arg1 maturation 878:887 N-linked glycoprotein maturation 856:887 N-linked glycoprotein maturation 856:887 We find that N-linked glycoprotein maturation is not required for Gal-3 transport from the cytosol to the extracellular space, but is important for cell surface binding. 28775154 1 19 theme proteins 160:167 arg1 Galectins 119:127 Galectins 119:127 Galectins 119:127 Galectins are a family of lectin binding proteins expressed both intracellularly and extracellularly. 28775154 1 19 theme proteins 160:167 arg1 family 135:140 a family 133:140 a family of lectin binding proteins expressed both intracellularly and extracellularly 133:218 Galectins are a family of lectin binding proteins expressed both intracellularly and extracellularly. 28775154 0 20 theme genome-wide 2:12 arg1 screen 21:26 A genome-wide CRISPR screen 0:26 A genome-wide CRISPR screen 0:26 A genome-wide CRISPR screen reconciles the role of N-linked glycosylation in galectin-3 transport to the cell surface. 28775154 4 21 theme screening 710:718 arg1 approach 720:727 this screening approach 705:727 this screening approach 705:727 The results of this screening approach led us to address the controversial role of N-linked glycosylation in the transport of Gal-3 to the cell surface. 28775154 6 22 theme secreted 1027:1034 arg1 Gal-3 1036:1040 secreted Gal-3 1027:1040 secreted Gal-3 1027:1040 Additionally, secreted Gal-3 is predominantly free and not packaged into extracellular vesicles. 28775154 7 23 theme independent 1149:1159 arg1 pathway 1141:1147 a secretion pathway 1129:1147 a secretion pathway independent of N-linked glycoproteins and extracellular vesicles 1129:1212 These data support a secretion pathway independent of N-linked glycoproteins and extracellular vesicles. 28775154 5 24 theme Gal-3 909:913 arg1 transport 915:923 Gal-3 transport 909:923 Gal-3 transport from the cytosol to the extracellular space 909:967 We find that N-linked glycoprotein maturation is not required for Gal-3 transport from the cytosol to the extracellular space, but is important for cell surface binding. 28775154 7 25 link N-linked 1164:1171 arg1 glycoproteins 1173:1185 N-linked glycoproteins 1164:1185 N-linked glycoproteins 1164:1185 These data support a secretion pathway independent of N-linked glycoproteins and extracellular vesicles. 28775154 5 26 link N-linked 856:863 arg1 maturation 878:887 N-linked glycoprotein maturation 856:887 N-linked glycoprotein maturation 856:887 We find that N-linked glycoprotein maturation is not required for Gal-3 transport from the cytosol to the extracellular space, but is important for cell surface binding. 28775154 2 27 theme cell 282:285 arg1 surface 287:293 the cell surface 278:293 the cell surface 278:293 Galectin-3 (Gal-3, also known as LGALS3) is expressed at the cell surface; however, Gal-3 lacks a signal sequence, and the mechanism of Gal-3 transport to the cell surface remains poorly understood. 28775154 3 28 gly glycoproteins 561:573 arg1 glycoproteins 561:573 glycoproteins 561:573 glycoproteins 561:573 Here, using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen for regulators of Gal-3 cell surface localization, we identified genes encoding glycoproteins, enzymes involved in N-linked glycosylation, regulators of ER-Golgi trafficking and proteins involved in immunity. 28775154 2 29 theme cell 380:383 arg1 surface 385:391 the cell surface 376:391 the cell surface 376:391 Galectin-3 (Gal-3, also known as LGALS3) is expressed at the cell surface; however, Gal-3 lacks a signal sequence, and the mechanism of Gal-3 transport to the cell surface remains poorly understood. 28775154 3 30 theme localization 518:529 arg1 regulators 485:494 regulators 485:494 regulators of Gal-3 cell surface localization 485:529 Here, using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen for regulators of Gal-3 cell surface localization, we identified genes encoding glycoproteins, enzymes involved in N-linked glycosylation, regulators of ER-Golgi trafficking and proteins involved in immunity. 28775154 2 31 dep Galectin-3 221:230 arg1 Gal-3 233:237 Gal-3 233:237 Gal-3 233:237 Galectin-3 (Gal-3, also known as LGALS3) is expressed at the cell surface; however, Gal-3 lacks a signal sequence, and the mechanism of Gal-3 transport to the cell surface remains poorly understood. 28775154 3 32 theme forward 458:464 arg1 screen 474:479 a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen 432:479 a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen for regulators of Gal-3 cell surface localization 432:529 Here, using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen for regulators of Gal-3 cell surface localization, we identified genes encoding glycoproteins, enzymes involved in N-linked glycosylation, regulators of ER-Golgi trafficking and proteins involved in immunity. 28775154 6 33 theme extracellular 1086:1098 arg1 vesicles 1100:1107 extracellular vesicles 1086:1107 extracellular vesicles 1086:1107 Additionally, secreted Gal-3 is predominantly free and not packaged into extracellular vesicles. 28775154 5 34 from cytosol 934:940 arg1 transport 915:923 Gal-3 transport 909:923 Gal-3 transport from the cytosol to the extracellular space 909:967 We find that N-linked glycoprotein maturation is not required for Gal-3 transport from the cytosol to the extracellular space, but is important for cell surface binding. 28775154 5 35 theme surface 996:1002 arg1 binding 1004:1010 cell surface binding 991:1010 cell surface binding 991:1010 We find that N-linked glycoprotein maturation is not required for Gal-3 transport from the cytosol to the extracellular space, but is important for cell surface binding. 28775154 2 36 theme transport 363:371 arg1 mechanism 344:352 the mechanism 340:352 the mechanism of Gal-3 transport to the cell surface 340:391 Galectin-3 (Gal-3, also known as LGALS3) is expressed at the cell surface; however, Gal-3 lacks a signal sequence, and the mechanism of Gal-3 transport to the cell surface remains poorly understood. 28775154 7 37 theme secretion 1131:1139 arg1 pathway 1141:1147 a secretion pathway 1129:1147 a secretion pathway independent of N-linked glycoproteins and extracellular vesicles 1129:1212 These data support a secretion pathway independent of N-linked glycoproteins and extracellular vesicles. 28775154 3 38 theme N-linked 596:603 arg1 glycosylation 605:617 N-linked glycosylation 596:617 N-linked glycosylation 596:617 Here, using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen for regulators of Gal-3 cell surface localization, we identified genes encoding glycoproteins, enzymes involved in N-linked glycosylation, regulators of ER-Golgi trafficking and proteins involved in immunity. 28775154 4 39 theme glycosylation 782:794 arg1 role 765:768 the controversial role 747:768 the controversial role of N-linked glycosylation in the transport of Gal-3 to the cell surface 747:840 The results of this screening approach led us to address the controversial role of N-linked glycosylation in the transport of Gal-3 to the cell surface. 28775154 2 40 theme Gal-3 357:361 arg1 transport 363:371 Gal-3 transport 357:371 Gal-3 transport 357:371 Galectin-3 (Gal-3, also known as LGALS3) is expressed at the cell surface; however, Gal-3 lacks a signal sequence, and the mechanism of Gal-3 transport to the cell surface remains poorly understood. 28775154 3 41 theme genome-wide 434:444 arg1 screen 474:479 a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen 432:479 a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen for regulators of Gal-3 cell surface localization 432:529 Here, using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen for regulators of Gal-3 cell surface localization, we identified genes encoding glycoproteins, enzymes involved in N-linked glycosylation, regulators of ER-Golgi trafficking and proteins involved in immunity. 28775154 3 42 theme trafficking 643:653 arg1 enzymes 576:582 enzymes 576:582 enzymes involved in N-linked glycosylation 576:617 Here, using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen for regulators of Gal-3 cell surface localization, we identified genes encoding glycoproteins, enzymes involved in N-linked glycosylation, regulators of ER-Golgi trafficking and proteins involved in immunity. 28775154 3 42 theme trafficking 643:653 arg1 proteins 659:666 proteins 659:666 proteins involved in immunity 659:687 Here, using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen for regulators of Gal-3 cell surface localization, we identified genes encoding glycoproteins, enzymes involved in N-linked glycosylation, regulators of ER-Golgi trafficking and proteins involved in immunity. 28775154 3 42 theme trafficking 643:653 arg1 glycoproteins 561:573 glycoproteins 561:573 glycoproteins 561:573 Here, using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen for regulators of Gal-3 cell surface localization, we identified genes encoding glycoproteins, enzymes involved in N-linked glycosylation, regulators of ER-Golgi trafficking and proteins involved in immunity. 28775154 3 42 theme trafficking 643:653 arg1 regulators 620:629 regulators 620:629 regulators of ER-Golgi trafficking 620:653 Here, using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen for regulators of Gal-3 cell surface localization, we identified genes encoding glycoproteins, enzymes involved in N-linked glycosylation, regulators of ER-Golgi trafficking and proteins involved in immunity. 28775154 5 43 theme cell 991:994 arg1 binding 1004:1010 cell surface binding 991:1010 cell surface binding 991:1010 We find that N-linked glycoprotein maturation is not required for Gal-3 transport from the cytosol to the extracellular space, but is important for cell surface binding. 28775154 3 44 theme genetic 466:472 arg1 screen 474:479 a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen 432:479 a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen for regulators of Gal-3 cell surface localization 432:529 Here, using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen for regulators of Gal-3 cell surface localization, we identified genes encoding glycoproteins, enzymes involved in N-linked glycosylation, regulators of ER-Golgi trafficking and proteins involved in immunity. 28775154 3 45 theme CRISPR/Cas9 446:456 arg1 screen 474:479 a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen 432:479 a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen for regulators of Gal-3 cell surface localization 432:529 Here, using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen for regulators of Gal-3 cell surface localization, we identified genes encoding glycoproteins, enzymes involved in N-linked glycosylation, regulators of ER-Golgi trafficking and proteins involved in immunity. 28775154 5 46 gly glycoprotein 865:876 arg1 glycoprotein 865:876 N-linked glycoprotein maturation 856:887 N-linked glycoprotein maturation 856:887 We find that N-linked glycoprotein maturation is not required for Gal-3 transport from the cytosol to the extracellular space, but is important for cell surface binding. 28775154 5 47 theme extracellular 949:961 arg1 space 963:967 the extracellular space 945:967 the extracellular space 945:967 We find that N-linked glycoprotein maturation is not required for Gal-3 transport from the cytosol to the extracellular space, but is important for cell surface binding. 28775154 0 48 link N-linked 51:58 arg1 glycosylation 60:72 N-linked glycosylation 51:72 N-linked glycosylation 51:72 A genome-wide CRISPR screen reconciles the role of N-linked glycosylation in galectin-3 transport to the cell surface. 28775154 3 49 theme surface 510:516 arg1 localization 518:529 Gal-3 cell surface localization 499:529 Gal-3 cell surface localization 499:529 Here, using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen for regulators of Gal-3 cell surface localization, we identified genes encoding glycoproteins, enzymes involved in N-linked glycosylation, regulators of ER-Golgi trafficking and proteins involved in immunity. 28775154 4 50 theme controversial 751:763 arg1 role 765:768 the controversial role 747:768 the controversial role of N-linked glycosylation in the transport of Gal-3 to the cell surface 747:840 The results of this screening approach led us to address the controversial role of N-linked glycosylation in the transport of Gal-3 to the cell surface. 28775154 0 51 theme glycosylation 60:72 arg1 role 43:46 the role 39:46 the role of N-linked glycosylation in galectin-3 transport to the cell surface 39:116 A genome-wide CRISPR screen reconciles the role of N-linked glycosylation in galectin-3 transport to the cell surface. 28775154 3 52 theme ER-Golgi 634:641 arg1 trafficking 643:653 ER-Golgi trafficking 634:653 ER-Golgi trafficking 634:653 Here, using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen for regulators of Gal-3 cell surface localization, we identified genes encoding glycoproteins, enzymes involved in N-linked glycosylation, regulators of ER-Golgi trafficking and proteins involved in immunity. 28775154 4 53 theme N-linked 773:780 arg1 glycosylation 782:794 N-linked glycosylation 773:794 N-linked glycosylation 773:794 The results of this screening approach led us to address the controversial role of N-linked glycosylation in the transport of Gal-3 to the cell surface. 28775154 4 54 link N-linked 773:780 arg1 glycosylation 782:794 N-linked glycosylation 773:794 N-linked glycosylation 773:794 The results of this screening approach led us to address the controversial role of N-linked glycosylation in the transport of Gal-3 to the cell surface. 28775154 0 55 theme N-linked 51:58 arg1 glycosylation 60:72 N-linked glycosylation 51:72 N-linked glycosylation 51:72 A genome-wide CRISPR screen reconciles the role of N-linked glycosylation in galectin-3 transport to the cell surface. 28775154 0 56 theme CRISPR 14:19 arg1 screen 21:26 A genome-wide CRISPR screen 0:26 A genome-wide CRISPR screen 0:26 A genome-wide CRISPR screen reconciles the role of N-linked glycosylation in galectin-3 transport to the cell surface. 28775154 4 57 from role 765:768 arg1 transport 803:811 the transport 799:811 the transport of Gal-3 to the cell surface 799:840 The results of this screening approach led us to address the controversial role of N-linked glycosylation in the transport of Gal-3 to the cell surface. 28775154 4 58 gly glycosylation 782:794 arg1 Gal-3 816:820 Gal-3 816:820 Gal-3 816:820 The results of this screening approach led us to address the controversial role of N-linked glycosylation in the transport of Gal-3 to the cell surface. 28775154 3 59 link N-linked 596:603 arg1 glycosylation 605:617 N-linked glycosylation 596:617 N-linked glycosylation 596:617 Here, using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 forward genetic screen for regulators of Gal-3 cell surface localization, we identified genes encoding glycoproteins, enzymes involved in N-linked glycosylation, regulators of ER-Golgi trafficking and proteins involved in immunity. 26731480 7 0 theme activation 1270:1279 arg1 cseP 1508:1511 cseP (Clo1313_2188) 1508:1526 cseP (Clo1313_2188) 1508:1526 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 7 0 theme activation 1270:1279 arg1 Clo1313_2635 1448:1459 Clo1313_2635 1448:1459 Clo1313_2635 1448:1459 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 7 0 theme activation 1270:1279 arg1 Clo1313_0177 1425:1436 Clo1313_0177 1425:1436 Clo1313_0177 1425:1436 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 7 0 theme activation 1270:1279 arg1 Clo1313_2174 1536:1547 Clo1313_2174 1536:1547 Clo1313_2174 1536:1547 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 7 0 theme activation 1270:1279 arg1 xyn11B 1394:1399 xyn11B 1394:1399 xyn11B (Clo1313_0522) 1394:1414 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 7 0 theme activation 1270:1279 arg1 cel9V 1486:1490 cel9V 1486:1490 cel9V (Clo1313_0349) 1486:1505 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 7 0 theme activation 1270:1279 arg1 xyn10Y 1463:1468 xyn10Y 1463:1468 xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305) 1463:1483 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 7 0 theme activation 1270:1279 arg1 Clo1313_0522 1402:1413 Clo1313_0522 1402:1413 Clo1313_0522 1402:1413 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 7 0 theme activation 1270:1279 arg1 cipA 1551:1554 cipA 1551:1554 cipA (Clo1313_0627) 1551:1569 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 7 0 theme activation 1270:1279 arg1 Clo1313_0349 1493:1504 Clo1313_0349 1493:1504 Clo1313_0349 1493:1504 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 7 0 theme activation 1270:1279 arg1 observation 1251:1261 observation 1251:1261 observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes 1251:1361 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 7 0 theme activation 1270:1279 arg1 xyn10Z 1440:1445 xyn10Z 1440:1445 xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635) 1440:1460 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 7 0 theme activation 1270:1279 arg1 Clo1313_0627 1557:1568 Clo1313_0627 1557:1568 Clo1313_0627 1557:1568 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 7 0 theme activation 1270:1279 arg1 sigI1 1529:1533 sigI1 1529:1533 sigI1 (Clo1313_2174) 1529:1548 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 7 0 theme activation 1270:1279 arg1 Clo1313_1305 1471:1482 Clo1313_1305 1471:1482 Clo1313_1305 1471:1482 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 7 0 theme activation 1270:1279 arg1 xyn10D 1417:1422 xyn10D 1417:1422 xyn10D (Clo1313_0177) 1417:1437 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 8 1 dep genes 1714:1718 arg1 ce12 1772:1775 ce12 1772:1775 ce12 (Clo1313_0693) 1772:1790 Additionally, we observed the activation of 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911), pl11 (Clo1313_1983), ce12 (Clo1313_0693) and cipA. 26731480 8 1 dep genes 1714:1718 arg1 pl11 1751:1754 pl11 1751:1754 pl11 (Clo1313_1983) 1751:1769 Additionally, we observed the activation of 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911), pl11 (Clo1313_1983), ce12 (Clo1313_0693) and cipA. 26731480 8 1 dep genes 1714:1718 arg1 sigI3 1721:1725 sigI3 1721:1725 sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911) 1721:1748 Additionally, we observed the activation of 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911), pl11 (Clo1313_1983), ce12 (Clo1313_0693) and cipA. 26731480 8 1 dep genes 1714:1718 arg1 Clo1313_0693 1778:1789 Clo1313_0693 1778:1789 Clo1313_0693 1778:1789 Additionally, we observed the activation of 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911), pl11 (Clo1313_1983), ce12 (Clo1313_0693) and cipA. 26731480 8 1 dep genes 1714:1718 arg1 Clo1313_1983 1757:1768 Clo1313_1983 1757:1768 Clo1313_1983 1757:1768 Additionally, we observed the activation of 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911), pl11 (Clo1313_1983), ce12 (Clo1313_0693) and cipA. 26731480 8 1 dep genes 1714:1718 arg1 genes 1714:1718 the C. thermocellum genes 1694:1718 the C. thermocellum genes: sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911), pl11 (Clo1313_1983), ce12 (Clo1313_0693) and cipA 1694:1799 Additionally, we observed the activation of 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911), pl11 (Clo1313_1983), ce12 (Clo1313_0693) and cipA. 26731480 8 1 dep genes 1714:1718 arg1 cipA 1796:1799 cipA 1796:1799 cipA 1796:1799 Additionally, we observed the activation of 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911), pl11 (Clo1313_1983), ce12 (Clo1313_0693) and cipA. 26731480 6 2 theme heterologous 1212:1223 arg1 host 1225:1228 a heterologous host 1210:1228 a heterologous host 1210:1228 Because of the limited genetic tools available for C. thermocellum, the functionality of the predicted σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters was studied in B. subtilis as a heterologous host. 26731480 6 2 theme heterologous 1212:1223 arg1 functionality 1116:1128 the functionality 1112:1128 the functionality of the predicted σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters 1112:1178 Because of the limited genetic tools available for C. thermocellum, the functionality of the predicted σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters was studied in B. subtilis as a heterologous host. 26731480 8 3 dep C. 1698:1699 arg1 thermocellum 1701:1712 thermocellum 1701:1712 thermocellum 1701:1712 Additionally, we observed the activation of 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911), pl11 (Clo1313_1983), ce12 (Clo1313_0693) and cipA. 26731480 3 4 theme σ 573:573 arg1 factors 576:582 eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors 533:582 eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor 533:711 C. thermocellum has a set of eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor. 26731480 1 5 theme plant 308:312 arg1 polysaccharides 324:338 plant cell wall polysaccharides 308:338 plant cell wall polysaccharides 308:338 The Gram-positive, anaerobic, cellulolytic, thermophile Clostridium (Ruminiclostridium) thermocellum secretes a multi-enzyme system called the cellulosome to solubilize plant cell wall polysaccharides. 26731480 11 6 theme AT 2127:2128 arg1 sequence 2062:2069 a less conserved CGA sequence 2041:2069 a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element 2041:2102 Additionally, a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element and a highly conserved AT sequence three bases downstream of the -10 element were also identified as important nucleotides for promoter recognition. 26731480 11 6 theme AT 2127:2128 arg1 nucleotides 2215:2225 important nucleotides 2205:2225 important nucleotides for promoter recognition 2205:2250 Additionally, a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element and a highly conserved AT sequence three bases downstream of the -10 element were also identified as important nucleotides for promoter recognition. 26731480 11 6 theme AT 2127:2128 arg1 sequence 2130:2137 a highly conserved AT sequence 2108:2137 a highly conserved AT sequence 2108:2137 Additionally, a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element and a highly conserved AT sequence three bases downstream of the -10 element were also identified as important nucleotides for promoter recognition. 26731480 13 7 theme present 2362:2368 arg1 study 2370:2374 The present study 2358:2374 The present study 2358:2374 The present study provides new clues for understanding these recently discovered alternative σI factors. 26731480 3 8 theme sigma 566:570 arg1 factors 576:582 eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors 533:582 eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor 533:711 C. thermocellum has a set of eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor. 26731480 8 9 theme σI3-dependent 1654:1666 arg1 promoters 1668:1676 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters 1642:1676 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters 1642:1676 Additionally, we observed the activation of 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911), pl11 (Clo1313_1983), ce12 (Clo1313_0693) and cipA. 26731480 1 10 theme Clostridium 195:205 arg1 thermocellum 227:238 The Gram-positive, anaerobic, cellulolytic, thermophile Clostridium (Ruminiclostridium) thermocellum 139:238 The Gram-positive, anaerobic, cellulolytic, thermophile Clostridium (Ruminiclostridium) thermocellum 139:238 The Gram-positive, anaerobic, cellulolytic, thermophile Clostridium (Ruminiclostridium) thermocellum secretes a multi-enzyme system called the cellulosome to solubilize plant cell wall polysaccharides. 26731480 4 11 theme σI3 886:888 arg1 factors 890:896 σI3 factors 886:896 σI3 factors 886:896 The aim of the present work was to demonstrate whether individual C. thermocellum σI-like factors regulate specific cellulosomal genes, focusing on C. thermocellum σI6 and σI3 factors. 26731480 10 12 theme σI6 1988:1990 arg1 CNNAAA 1996:2001 CNNAAA 1996:2001 CNNAAA 1996:2001 The proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements of σI6 are CNNAAA and CGAA, respectively. 26731480 10 12 theme σI6 1988:1990 arg1 elements 1976:1983 The proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements 1932:1983 The proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements of σI6 1932:1990 The proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements of σI6 are CNNAAA and CGAA, respectively. 26731480 2 13 theme saccharolytic 352:364 arg1 process 366:372 the saccharolytic process 348:372 the saccharolytic process 348:372 During the saccharolytic process, the enzymatic composition of the cellulosome is modulated according to the type of polysaccharide(s) present in the environment. 26731480 1 14 theme Ruminiclostridium 208:224 arg1 thermocellum 227:238 The Gram-positive, anaerobic, cellulolytic, thermophile Clostridium (Ruminiclostridium) thermocellum 139:238 The Gram-positive, anaerobic, cellulolytic, thermophile Clostridium (Ruminiclostridium) thermocellum 139:238 The Gram-positive, anaerobic, cellulolytic, thermophile Clostridium (Ruminiclostridium) thermocellum secretes a multi-enzyme system called the cellulosome to solubilize plant cell wall polysaccharides. 26731480 9 15 theme σI6 1843:1845 arg1 σI3 1898:1900 σI3 1898:1900 σI3 1898:1900 Our results suggest possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum, as well as the σI6 and σI3 promoter consensus sequences. 26731480 9 15 theme σI6 1843:1845 arg1 σI6 1890:1892 σI6 1890:1892 σI6 1890:1892 Our results suggest possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum, as well as the σI6 and σI3 promoter consensus sequences. 26731480 9 15 theme σI6 1843:1845 arg1 regulons 1831:1838 possible regulons 1822:1838 possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum 1822:1872 Our results suggest possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum, as well as the σI6 and σI3 promoter consensus sequences. 26731480 3 16 theme factors 576:582 arg1 factors 576:582 eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors 533:582 eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor 533:711 C. thermocellum has a set of eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor. 26731480 3 16 theme factors 576:582 arg1 set 526:528 a set 524:528 a set of eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor 524:711 C. thermocellum has a set of eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor. 26731480 3 17 dep polysaccharides 632:646 arg1 response 606:613 response 606:613 response 606:613 C. thermocellum has a set of eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor. 26731480 7 18 theme rsgI5 1576:1580 arg1 observation 1251:1261 observation 1251:1261 observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes 1251:1361 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 9 19 theme σI3 1851:1853 arg1 σI3 1898:1900 σI3 1898:1900 σI3 1898:1900 Our results suggest possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum, as well as the σI6 and σI3 promoter consensus sequences. 26731480 9 19 theme σI3 1851:1853 arg1 σI6 1890:1892 σI6 1890:1892 σI6 1890:1892 Our results suggest possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum, as well as the σI6 and σI3 promoter consensus sequences. 26731480 9 19 theme σI3 1851:1853 arg1 regulons 1831:1838 possible regulons 1822:1838 possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum 1822:1872 Our results suggest possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum, as well as the σI6 and σI3 promoter consensus sequences. 26731480 4 20 theme present 729:735 arg1 work 737:740 the present work 725:740 the present work 725:740 The aim of the present work was to demonstrate whether individual C. thermocellum σI-like factors regulate specific cellulosomal genes, focusing on C. thermocellum σI6 and σI3 factors. 26731480 9 21 from σI3 1898:1900 arg1 thermocellum 1861:1872 C. thermocellum 1858:1872 C. thermocellum 1858:1872 Our results suggest possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum, as well as the σI6 and σI3 promoter consensus sequences. 26731480 5 22 theme bioinformatic 956:968 arg1 analysis 970:977 bioinformatic analysis 956:977 bioinformatic analysis of the upstream regions of the cellulosomal genes 956:1027 To search for putative σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters, bioinformatic analysis of the upstream regions of the cellulosomal genes was performed. 26731480 10 23 theme promoter 1957:1964 arg1 CNNAAA 1996:2001 CNNAAA 1996:2001 CNNAAA 1996:2001 The proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements of σI6 are CNNAAA and CGAA, respectively. 26731480 10 23 theme promoter 1957:1964 arg1 elements 1976:1983 The proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements 1932:1983 The proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements of σI6 1932:1990 The proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements of σI6 are CNNAAA and CGAA, respectively. 26731480 0 24 theme Factors 82:88 arg1 Regulons 25:32 Biomass-Sensing Regulons 9:32 Biomass-Sensing Regulons of Clostridium thermocellum Alternative Sigma-I Factors 9:88 Decoding Biomass-Sensing Regulons of Clostridium thermocellum Alternative Sigma-I Factors in a Heterologous Bacillus subtilis Host System. 26731480 5 25 theme putative 913:920 arg1 promoters 945:953 putative σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters 913:953 putative σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters 913:953 To search for putative σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters, bioinformatic analysis of the upstream regions of the cellulosomal genes was performed. 26731480 4 26 dep C. 780:781 arg1 thermocellum 783:794 thermocellum 783:794 thermocellum 783:794 The aim of the present work was to demonstrate whether individual C. thermocellum σI-like factors regulate specific cellulosomal genes, focusing on C. thermocellum σI6 and σI3 factors. 26731480 2 27 from present 476:482 arg1 environment 491:501 the environment 487:501 the environment 487:501 During the saccharolytic process, the enzymatic composition of the cellulosome is modulated according to the type of polysaccharide(s) present in the environment. 26731480 11 28 theme promoter 2231:2238 arg1 recognition 2240:2250 promoter recognition 2231:2250 promoter recognition 2231:2250 Additionally, a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element and a highly conserved AT sequence three bases downstream of the -10 element were also identified as important nucleotides for promoter recognition. 26731480 1 29 dep Gram-positive 143:155 arg1 thermophile 183:193 thermophile 183:193 thermophile 183:193 The Gram-positive, anaerobic, cellulolytic, thermophile Clostridium (Ruminiclostridium) thermocellum secretes a multi-enzyme system called the cellulosome to solubilize plant cell wall polysaccharides. 26731480 1 29 dep Gram-positive 143:155 arg1 cellulolytic 169:180 cellulolytic 169:180 cellulolytic 169:180 The Gram-positive, anaerobic, cellulolytic, thermophile Clostridium (Ruminiclostridium) thermocellum secretes a multi-enzyme system called the cellulosome to solubilize plant cell wall polysaccharides. 26731480 1 29 dep Gram-positive 143:155 arg1 anaerobic 158:166 anaerobic 158:166 anaerobic 158:166 The Gram-positive, anaerobic, cellulolytic, thermophile Clostridium (Ruminiclostridium) thermocellum secretes a multi-enzyme system called the cellulosome to solubilize plant cell wall polysaccharides. 26731480 0 30 theme Bacillus 108:115 arg1 System 131:136 a Heterologous Bacillus subtilis Host System 93:136 a Heterologous Bacillus subtilis Host System 93:136 Decoding Biomass-Sensing Regulons of Clostridium thermocellum Alternative Sigma-I Factors in a Heterologous Bacillus subtilis Host System. 26731480 9 31 theme promoter 1902:1909 arg1 sequences 1921:1929 promoter consensus sequences 1902:1929 promoter consensus sequences 1902:1929 Our results suggest possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum, as well as the σI6 and σI3 promoter consensus sequences. 26731480 0 32 theme Host 126:129 arg1 System 131:136 a Heterologous Bacillus subtilis Host System 93:136 a Heterologous Bacillus subtilis Host System 93:136 Decoding Biomass-Sensing Regulons of Clostridium thermocellum Alternative Sigma-I Factors in a Heterologous Bacillus subtilis Host System. 26731480 2 33 attach present 476:482 arg2 s 473:473 polysaccharide(s) 458:474 polysaccharide(s) present in the environment 458:501 During the saccharolytic process, the enzymatic composition of the cellulosome is modulated according to the type of polysaccharide(s) present in the environment. 26731480 2 33 attach present 476:482 arg1 environment 491:501 the environment 487:501 the environment 487:501 During the saccharolytic process, the enzymatic composition of the cellulosome is modulated according to the type of polysaccharide(s) present in the environment. 26731480 5 34 theme cellulosomal 1010:1021 arg1 genes 1023:1027 the cellulosomal genes 1006:1027 the cellulosomal genes 1006:1027 To search for putative σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters, bioinformatic analysis of the upstream regions of the cellulosomal genes was performed. 26731480 11 35 dep sequence 2062:2069 arg1 bases 2145:2149 three bases downstream 2139:2160 three bases downstream of the -10 element 2139:2179 Additionally, a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element and a highly conserved AT sequence three bases downstream of the -10 element were also identified as important nucleotides for promoter recognition. 26731480 13 36 theme σI 2451:2452 arg1 factors 2454:2460 these recently discovered alternative σI factors 2413:2460 these recently discovered alternative σI factors 2413:2460 The present study provides new clues for understanding these recently discovered alternative σI factors. 26731480 1 37 theme cell 314:317 arg1 polysaccharides 324:338 plant cell wall polysaccharides 308:338 plant cell wall polysaccharides 308:338 The Gram-positive, anaerobic, cellulolytic, thermophile Clostridium (Ruminiclostridium) thermocellum secretes a multi-enzyme system called the cellulosome to solubilize plant cell wall polysaccharides. 26731480 7 38 theme sigI6 1364:1368 arg1 observation 1251:1261 observation 1251:1261 observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes 1251:1361 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 4 39 theme individual 769:778 arg1 factors 804:810 individual C. thermocellum σI-like factors 769:810 individual C. thermocellum σI-like factors 769:810 The aim of the present work was to demonstrate whether individual C. thermocellum σI-like factors regulate specific cellulosomal genes, focusing on C. thermocellum σI6 and σI3 factors. 26731480 5 40 theme upstream 986:993 arg1 regions 995:1001 the upstream regions 982:1001 the upstream regions of the cellulosomal genes 982:1027 To search for putative σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters, bioinformatic analysis of the upstream regions of the cellulosomal genes was performed. 26731480 6 41 theme available 1081:1089 arg1 tools 1075:1079 the limited genetic tools 1055:1079 the limited genetic tools available for C. thermocellum 1055:1109 Because of the limited genetic tools available for C. thermocellum, the functionality of the predicted σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters was studied in B. subtilis as a heterologous host. 26731480 12 42 theme promoter 2293:2300 arg1 CCCYYAAA 2325:2332 CCCYYAAA 2325:2332 CCCYYAAA 2325:2332 Regarding σI3, the proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements are CCCYYAAA and CGWA, respectively. 26731480 12 42 theme promoter 2293:2300 arg1 elements 2312:2319 -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements 2281:2319 the proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements 2268:2319 Regarding σI3, the proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements are CCCYYAAA and CGWA, respectively. 26731480 0 43 theme Clostridium 37:47 arg1 Factors 82:88 Clostridium thermocellum Alternative Sigma-I Factors 37:88 Clostridium thermocellum Alternative Sigma-I Factors 37:88 Decoding Biomass-Sensing Regulons of Clostridium thermocellum Alternative Sigma-I Factors in a Heterologous Bacillus subtilis Host System. 26731480 7 44 dep sigI6 1364:1368 arg1 Clo1313_2778 1379:1390 Clo1313_2778 1379:1390 Clo1313_2778 1379:1390 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 7 44 dep sigI6 1364:1368 arg1 itself 1371:1376 itself 1371:1376 itself 1371:1376 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 7 45 theme C. 1341:1342 arg1 genes 1357:1361 the C. thermocellum genes 1337:1361 the C. thermocellum genes 1337:1361 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 11 46 theme conserved 2048:2056 arg1 sequence 2062:2069 a less conserved CGA sequence 2041:2069 a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element 2041:2102 Additionally, a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element and a highly conserved AT sequence three bases downstream of the -10 element were also identified as important nucleotides for promoter recognition. 26731480 11 46 theme conserved 2048:2056 arg1 nucleotides 2215:2225 important nucleotides 2205:2225 important nucleotides for promoter recognition 2205:2250 Additionally, a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element and a highly conserved AT sequence three bases downstream of the -10 element were also identified as important nucleotides for promoter recognition. 26731480 11 46 theme conserved 2048:2056 arg1 sequence 2130:2137 a highly conserved AT sequence 2108:2137 a highly conserved AT sequence 2108:2137 Additionally, a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element and a highly conserved AT sequence three bases downstream of the -10 element were also identified as important nucleotides for promoter recognition. 26731480 4 47 theme C. 862:863 arg1 σI6 878:880 C. thermocellum σI6 862:880 C. thermocellum σI6 862:880 The aim of the present work was to demonstrate whether individual C. thermocellum σI-like factors regulate specific cellulosomal genes, focusing on C. thermocellum σI6 and σI3 factors. 26731480 0 48 theme Alternative 62:72 arg1 Factors 82:88 Clostridium thermocellum Alternative Sigma-I Factors 37:88 Clostridium thermocellum Alternative Sigma-I Factors 37:88 Decoding Biomass-Sensing Regulons of Clostridium thermocellum Alternative Sigma-I Factors in a Heterologous Bacillus subtilis Host System. 26731480 0 49 dep Clostridium 37:47 arg1 thermocellum 49:60 thermocellum 49:60 thermocellum 49:60 Decoding Biomass-Sensing Regulons of Clostridium thermocellum Alternative Sigma-I Factors in a Heterologous Bacillus subtilis Host System. 26731480 6 50 theme σI3-dependent 1156:1168 arg1 promoters 1170:1178 the predicted σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters 1133:1178 the predicted σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters 1133:1178 Because of the limited genetic tools available for C. thermocellum, the functionality of the predicted σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters was studied in B. subtilis as a heterologous host. 26731480 12 51 theme proposed 2272:2279 arg1 CCCYYAAA 2325:2332 CCCYYAAA 2325:2332 CCCYYAAA 2325:2332 Regarding σI3, the proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements are CCCYYAAA and CGWA, respectively. 26731480 12 51 theme proposed 2272:2279 arg1 elements 2312:2319 -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements 2281:2319 the proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements 2268:2319 Regarding σI3, the proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements are CCCYYAAA and CGWA, respectively. 26731480 4 52 theme specific 821:828 arg1 genes 843:847 specific cellulosomal genes 821:847 specific cellulosomal genes 821:847 The aim of the present work was to demonstrate whether individual C. thermocellum σI-like factors regulate specific cellulosomal genes, focusing on C. thermocellum σI6 and σI3 factors. 26731480 1 53 theme multi-enzyme 251:262 arg1 system 264:269 a multi-enzyme system 249:269 a multi-enzyme system called the cellulosome to solubilize plant cell wall polysaccharides 249:338 The Gram-positive, anaerobic, cellulolytic, thermophile Clostridium (Ruminiclostridium) thermocellum secretes a multi-enzyme system called the cellulosome to solubilize plant cell wall polysaccharides. 26731480 7 54 dep C. 1341:1342 arg1 thermocellum 1344:1355 thermocellum 1344:1355 thermocellum 1344:1355 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 7 55 theme promoters 1311:1319 arg1 activation 1270:1279 the activation 1266:1279 the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes 1266:1361 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 6 56 theme genetic 1067:1073 arg1 tools 1075:1079 the limited genetic tools 1055:1079 the limited genetic tools available for C. thermocellum 1055:1109 Because of the limited genetic tools available for C. thermocellum, the functionality of the predicted σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters was studied in B. subtilis as a heterologous host. 26731480 3 57 theme alternative 539:549 arg1 factors 576:582 eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors 533:582 eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor 533:711 C. thermocellum has a set of eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor. 26731480 13 58 theme discovered 2428:2437 arg1 factors 2454:2460 these recently discovered alternative σI factors 2413:2460 these recently discovered alternative σI factors 2413:2460 The present study provides new clues for understanding these recently discovered alternative σI factors. 26731480 7 59 theme predicted 1287:1295 arg1 promoters 1311:1319 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters 1284:1319 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters 1284:1319 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 13 60 theme new 2385:2387 arg1 clues 2389:2393 new clues 2385:2393 new clues 2385:2393 The present study provides new clues for understanding these recently discovered alternative σI factors. 26731480 3 61 dep Bacillus 685:692 arg1 subtilis 694:701 subtilis 694:701 subtilis 694:701 C. thermocellum has a set of eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor. 26731480 10 62 theme consensus 1966:1974 arg1 CNNAAA 1996:2001 CNNAAA 1996:2001 CNNAAA 1996:2001 The proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements of σI6 are CNNAAA and CGAA, respectively. 26731480 10 62 theme consensus 1966:1974 arg1 elements 1976:1983 The proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements 1932:1983 The proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements of σI6 1932:1990 The proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements of σI6 are CNNAAA and CGAA, respectively. 26731480 11 63 theme conserved 2117:2125 arg1 sequence 2062:2069 a less conserved CGA sequence 2041:2069 a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element 2041:2102 Additionally, a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element and a highly conserved AT sequence three bases downstream of the -10 element were also identified as important nucleotides for promoter recognition. 26731480 11 63 theme conserved 2117:2125 arg1 nucleotides 2215:2225 important nucleotides 2205:2225 important nucleotides for promoter recognition 2205:2250 Additionally, a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element and a highly conserved AT sequence three bases downstream of the -10 element were also identified as important nucleotides for promoter recognition. 26731480 11 63 theme conserved 2117:2125 arg1 sequence 2130:2137 a highly conserved AT sequence 2108:2137 a highly conserved AT sequence 2108:2137 Additionally, a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element and a highly conserved AT sequence three bases downstream of the -10 element were also identified as important nucleotides for promoter recognition. 26731480 3 64 theme polymerase 555:564 arg1 factors 576:582 eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors 533:582 eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor 533:711 C. thermocellum has a set of eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor. 26731480 13 65 theme alternative 2439:2449 arg1 factors 2454:2460 these recently discovered alternative σI factors 2413:2460 these recently discovered alternative σI factors 2413:2460 The present study provides new clues for understanding these recently discovered alternative σI factors. 26731480 9 66 theme possible 1822:1829 arg1 regulons 1831:1838 possible regulons 1822:1838 possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum 1822:1872 Our results suggest possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum, as well as the σI6 and σI3 promoter consensus sequences. 26731480 8 67 theme predicted 1644:1652 arg1 promoters 1668:1676 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters 1642:1676 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters 1642:1676 Additionally, we observed the activation of 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911), pl11 (Clo1313_1983), ce12 (Clo1313_0693) and cipA. 26731480 8 68 theme promoters 1668:1676 arg1 activation 1628:1637 the activation 1624:1637 the activation of 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911), pl11 (Clo1313_1983), ce12 (Clo1313_0693) and cipA 1624:1799 Additionally, we observed the activation of 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911), pl11 (Clo1313_1983), ce12 (Clo1313_0693) and cipA. 26731480 4 69 dep C. 862:863 arg1 thermocellum 865:876 thermocellum 865:876 thermocellum 865:876 The aim of the present work was to demonstrate whether individual C. thermocellum σI-like factors regulate specific cellulosomal genes, focusing on C. thermocellum σI6 and σI3 factors. 26731480 9 70 from σI3 1851:1853 arg1 thermocellum 1861:1872 C. thermocellum 1858:1872 C. thermocellum 1858:1872 Our results suggest possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum, as well as the σI6 and σI3 promoter consensus sequences. 26731480 8 71 theme C. 1698:1699 arg1 genes 1714:1718 the C. thermocellum genes 1694:1718 the C. thermocellum genes: sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911), pl11 (Clo1313_1983), ce12 (Clo1313_0693) and cipA 1694:1799 Additionally, we observed the activation of 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911), pl11 (Clo1313_1983), ce12 (Clo1313_0693) and cipA. 26731480 8 71 theme C. 1698:1699 arg1 cipA 1796:1799 cipA 1796:1799 cipA 1796:1799 Additionally, we observed the activation of 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911), pl11 (Clo1313_1983), ce12 (Clo1313_0693) and cipA. 26731480 8 71 theme C. 1698:1699 arg1 ce12 1772:1775 ce12 1772:1775 ce12 (Clo1313_0693) 1772:1790 Additionally, we observed the activation of 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911), pl11 (Clo1313_1983), ce12 (Clo1313_0693) and cipA. 26731480 8 71 theme C. 1698:1699 arg1 pl11 1751:1754 pl11 1751:1754 pl11 (Clo1313_1983) 1751:1769 Additionally, we observed the activation of 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911), pl11 (Clo1313_1983), ce12 (Clo1313_0693) and cipA. 26731480 8 71 theme C. 1698:1699 arg1 sigI3 1721:1725 sigI3 1721:1725 sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911) 1721:1748 Additionally, we observed the activation of 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911), pl11 (Clo1313_1983), ce12 (Clo1313_0693) and cipA. 26731480 5 72 theme σI3-dependent 931:943 arg1 promoters 945:953 putative σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters 913:953 putative σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters 913:953 To search for putative σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters, bioinformatic analysis of the upstream regions of the cellulosomal genes was performed. 26731480 9 73 from σI6 1843:1845 arg1 thermocellum 1861:1872 C. thermocellum 1858:1872 C. thermocellum 1858:1872 Our results suggest possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum, as well as the σI6 and σI3 promoter consensus sequences. 26731480 1 74 theme Gram-positive 143:155 arg1 thermocellum 227:238 The Gram-positive, anaerobic, cellulolytic, thermophile Clostridium (Ruminiclostridium) thermocellum 139:238 The Gram-positive, anaerobic, cellulolytic, thermophile Clostridium (Ruminiclostridium) thermocellum 139:238 The Gram-positive, anaerobic, cellulolytic, thermophile Clostridium (Ruminiclostridium) thermocellum secretes a multi-enzyme system called the cellulosome to solubilize plant cell wall polysaccharides. 26731480 6 75 theme limited 1059:1065 arg1 tools 1075:1079 the limited genetic tools 1055:1079 the limited genetic tools available for C. thermocellum 1055:1109 Because of the limited genetic tools available for C. thermocellum, the functionality of the predicted σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters was studied in B. subtilis as a heterologous host. 26731480 9 76 from regulons 1831:1838 arg1 thermocellum 1861:1872 C. thermocellum 1858:1872 C. thermocellum 1858:1872 Our results suggest possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum, as well as the σI6 and σI3 promoter consensus sequences. 26731480 4 77 theme work 737:740 arg1 aim 718:720 The aim 714:720 The aim of the present work 714:740 The aim of the present work was to demonstrate whether individual C. thermocellum σI-like factors regulate specific cellulosomal genes, focusing on C. thermocellum σI6 and σI3 factors. 26731480 3 78 theme extracellular 618:630 arg1 polysaccharides 632:646 extracellular polysaccharides 618:646 extracellular polysaccharides 618:646 C. thermocellum has a set of eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor. 26731480 0 79 theme Heterologous 95:106 arg1 System 131:136 a Heterologous Bacillus subtilis Host System 93:136 a Heterologous Bacillus subtilis Host System 93:136 Decoding Biomass-Sensing Regulons of Clostridium thermocellum Alternative Sigma-I Factors in a Heterologous Bacillus subtilis Host System. 26731480 5 80 theme σI6- 922:925 arg1 promoters 945:953 putative σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters 913:953 putative σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters 913:953 To search for putative σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters, bioinformatic analysis of the upstream regions of the cellulosomal genes was performed. 26731480 2 81 from environment 491:501 arg1 present 476:482 present 476:482 present 476:482 During the saccharolytic process, the enzymatic composition of the cellulosome is modulated according to the type of polysaccharide(s) present in the environment. 26731480 11 82 from C 2083:2083 arg1 element 2096:2102 the -35 element 2088:2102 the -35 element 2088:2102 Additionally, a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element and a highly conserved AT sequence three bases downstream of the -10 element were also identified as important nucleotides for promoter recognition. 26731480 5 83 theme regions 995:1001 arg1 analysis 970:977 bioinformatic analysis 956:977 bioinformatic analysis of the upstream regions of the cellulosomal genes 956:1027 To search for putative σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters, bioinformatic analysis of the upstream regions of the cellulosomal genes was performed. 26731480 3 84 contain has 520:522 arg1 thermocellum 507:518 C. thermocellum 504:518 C. thermocellum 504:518 C. thermocellum has a set of eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor. 26731480 3 84 contain has 520:522 arg2 set 526:528 a set 524:528 a set of eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor 524:711 C. thermocellum has a set of eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor. 26731480 3 84 contain has 520:522 arg2 factors 576:582 eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors 533:582 eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor 533:711 C. thermocellum has a set of eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor. 26731480 11 85 theme important 2205:2213 arg1 sequence 2062:2069 a less conserved CGA sequence 2041:2069 a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element 2041:2102 Additionally, a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element and a highly conserved AT sequence three bases downstream of the -10 element were also identified as important nucleotides for promoter recognition. 26731480 11 85 theme important 2205:2213 arg1 nucleotides 2215:2225 important nucleotides 2205:2225 important nucleotides for promoter recognition 2205:2250 Additionally, a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element and a highly conserved AT sequence three bases downstream of the -10 element were also identified as important nucleotides for promoter recognition. 26731480 11 85 theme important 2205:2213 arg1 sequence 2130:2137 a highly conserved AT sequence 2108:2137 a highly conserved AT sequence 2108:2137 Additionally, a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element and a highly conserved AT sequence three bases downstream of the -10 element were also identified as important nucleotides for promoter recognition. 26731480 4 86 theme C. 780:781 arg1 factors 804:810 individual C. thermocellum σI-like factors 769:810 individual C. thermocellum σI-like factors 769:810 The aim of the present work was to demonstrate whether individual C. thermocellum σI-like factors regulate specific cellulosomal genes, focusing on C. thermocellum σI6 and σI3 factors. 26731480 6 87 theme σI6- 1147:1150 arg1 promoters 1170:1178 the predicted σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters 1133:1178 the predicted σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters 1133:1178 Because of the limited genetic tools available for C. thermocellum, the functionality of the predicted σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters was studied in B. subtilis as a heterologous host. 26731480 9 88 from σI6 1890:1892 arg1 thermocellum 1861:1872 C. thermocellum 1858:1872 C. thermocellum 1858:1872 Our results suggest possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum, as well as the σI6 and σI3 promoter consensus sequences. 26731480 9 89 theme consensus 1911:1919 arg1 sequences 1921:1929 promoter consensus sequences 1902:1929 promoter consensus sequences 1902:1929 Our results suggest possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum, as well as the σI6 and σI3 promoter consensus sequences. 26731480 4 90 theme σI-like 796:802 arg1 factors 804:810 individual C. thermocellum σI-like factors 769:810 individual C. thermocellum σI-like factors 769:810 The aim of the present work was to demonstrate whether individual C. thermocellum σI-like factors regulate specific cellulosomal genes, focusing on C. thermocellum σI6 and σI3 factors. 26731480 0 91 theme Biomass-Sensing 9:23 arg1 Regulons 25:32 Biomass-Sensing Regulons 9:32 Biomass-Sensing Regulons of Clostridium thermocellum Alternative Sigma-I Factors 9:88 Decoding Biomass-Sensing Regulons of Clostridium thermocellum Alternative Sigma-I Factors in a Heterologous Bacillus subtilis Host System. 26731480 2 92 theme present 476:482 arg1 s 473:473 polysaccharide(s) 458:474 polysaccharide(s) present in the environment 458:501 During the saccharolytic process, the enzymatic composition of the cellulosome is modulated according to the type of polysaccharide(s) present in the environment. 26731480 1 93 theme wall 319:322 arg1 polysaccharides 324:338 plant cell wall polysaccharides 308:338 plant cell wall polysaccharides 308:338 The Gram-positive, anaerobic, cellulolytic, thermophile Clostridium (Ruminiclostridium) thermocellum secretes a multi-enzyme system called the cellulosome to solubilize plant cell wall polysaccharides. 26731480 11 94 theme downstream 2151:2160 arg1 bases 2145:2149 three bases downstream 2139:2160 three bases downstream of the -10 element 2139:2179 Additionally, a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element and a highly conserved AT sequence three bases downstream of the -10 element were also identified as important nucleotides for promoter recognition. 26731480 9 95 from thermocellum 1861:1872 arg1 σI3 1898:1900 σI3 1898:1900 σI3 1898:1900 Our results suggest possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum, as well as the σI6 and σI3 promoter consensus sequences. 26731480 9 95 from thermocellum 1861:1872 arg1 σI6 1890:1892 σI6 1890:1892 σI6 1890:1892 Our results suggest possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum, as well as the σI6 and σI3 promoter consensus sequences. 26731480 9 95 from thermocellum 1861:1872 arg1 regulons 1831:1838 possible regulons 1822:1838 possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum 1822:1872 Our results suggest possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum, as well as the σI6 and σI3 promoter consensus sequences. 26731480 2 96 theme s 473:473 arg1 type 450:453 the type 446:453 the type of polysaccharide(s) present in the environment 446:501 During the saccharolytic process, the enzymatic composition of the cellulosome is modulated according to the type of polysaccharide(s) present in the environment. 26731480 12 97 theme consensus 2302:2310 arg1 CCCYYAAA 2325:2332 CCCYYAAA 2325:2332 CCCYYAAA 2325:2332 Regarding σI3, the proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements are CCCYYAAA and CGWA, respectively. 26731480 12 97 theme consensus 2302:2310 arg1 elements 2312:2319 -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements 2281:2319 the proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements 2268:2319 Regarding σI3, the proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements are CCCYYAAA and CGWA, respectively. 26731480 2 98 theme polysaccharide 458:471 arg1 s 473:473 polysaccharide(s) 458:474 polysaccharide(s) present in the environment 458:501 During the saccharolytic process, the enzymatic composition of the cellulosome is modulated according to the type of polysaccharide(s) present in the environment. 26731480 10 99 theme proposed 1936:1943 arg1 CNNAAA 1996:2001 CNNAAA 1996:2001 CNNAAA 1996:2001 The proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements of σI6 are CNNAAA and CGAA, respectively. 26731480 10 99 theme proposed 1936:1943 arg1 elements 1976:1983 The proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements 1932:1983 The proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements of σI6 1932:1990 The proposed -35 and -10 promoter consensus elements of σI6 are CNNAAA and CGAA, respectively. 26731480 3 100 theme sequence 658:665 arg1 similarity 667:676 sequence similarity 658:676 sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor 658:711 C. thermocellum has a set of eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor. 26731480 0 101 theme Sigma-I 74:80 arg1 Factors 82:88 Clostridium thermocellum Alternative Sigma-I Factors 37:88 Clostridium thermocellum Alternative Sigma-I Factors 37:88 Decoding Biomass-Sensing Regulons of Clostridium thermocellum Alternative Sigma-I Factors in a Heterologous Bacillus subtilis Host System. 26731480 6 102 theme promoters 1170:1178 arg1 functionality 1116:1128 the functionality 1112:1128 the functionality of the predicted σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters 1112:1178 Because of the limited genetic tools available for C. thermocellum, the functionality of the predicted σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters was studied in B. subtilis as a heterologous host. 26731480 6 102 theme promoters 1170:1178 arg1 host 1225:1228 a heterologous host 1210:1228 a heterologous host 1210:1228 Because of the limited genetic tools available for C. thermocellum, the functionality of the predicted σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters was studied in B. subtilis as a heterologous host. 26731480 11 103 theme CGA 2058:2060 arg1 sequence 2062:2069 a less conserved CGA sequence 2041:2069 a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element 2041:2102 Additionally, a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element and a highly conserved AT sequence three bases downstream of the -10 element were also identified as important nucleotides for promoter recognition. 26731480 11 103 theme CGA 2058:2060 arg1 nucleotides 2215:2225 important nucleotides 2205:2225 important nucleotides for promoter recognition 2205:2250 Additionally, a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element and a highly conserved AT sequence three bases downstream of the -10 element were also identified as important nucleotides for promoter recognition. 26731480 11 103 theme CGA 2058:2060 arg1 sequence 2130:2137 a highly conserved AT sequence 2108:2137 a highly conserved AT sequence 2108:2137 Additionally, a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element and a highly conserved AT sequence three bases downstream of the -10 element were also identified as important nucleotides for promoter recognition. 26731480 3 104 theme σI 703:704 arg1 factor 706:711 the Bacillus subtilis σI factor 681:711 the Bacillus subtilis σI factor 681:711 C. thermocellum has a set of eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor. 26731480 2 105 theme enzymatic 379:387 arg1 composition 389:399 the enzymatic composition 375:399 the enzymatic composition of the cellulosome 375:418 During the saccharolytic process, the enzymatic composition of the cellulosome is modulated according to the type of polysaccharide(s) present in the environment. 26731480 5 106 theme genes 1023:1027 arg1 regions 995:1001 the upstream regions 982:1001 the upstream regions of the cellulosomal genes 982:1027 To search for putative σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters, bioinformatic analysis of the upstream regions of the cellulosomal genes was performed. 26731480 7 107 theme σI6-dependent 1297:1309 arg1 promoters 1311:1319 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters 1284:1319 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters 1284:1319 This system enabled observation of the activation of 10 predicted σI6-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI6 (itself, Clo1313_2778), xyn11B (Clo1313_0522), xyn10D (Clo1313_0177), xyn10Z (Clo1313_2635), xyn10Y (Clo1313_1305), cel9V (Clo1313_0349), cseP (Clo1313_2188), sigI1 (Clo1313_2174), cipA (Clo1313_0627), and rsgI5 (Clo1313_0985). 26731480 11 108 theme element 2173:2179 arg1 bases 2145:2149 three bases downstream 2139:2160 three bases downstream of the -10 element 2139:2179 Additionally, a less conserved CGA sequence next to the C in the -35 element and a highly conserved AT sequence three bases downstream of the -10 element were also identified as important nucleotides for promoter recognition. 26731480 0 109 dep Bacillus 108:115 arg1 subtilis 117:124 subtilis 117:124 subtilis 117:124 Decoding Biomass-Sensing Regulons of Clostridium thermocellum Alternative Sigma-I Factors in a Heterologous Bacillus subtilis Host System. 26731480 3 110 theme Bacillus 685:692 arg1 factor 706:711 the Bacillus subtilis σI factor 681:711 the Bacillus subtilis σI factor 681:711 C. thermocellum has a set of eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor. 26731480 2 111 theme cellulosome 408:418 arg1 composition 389:399 the enzymatic composition 375:399 the enzymatic composition of the cellulosome 375:418 During the saccharolytic process, the enzymatic composition of the cellulosome is modulated according to the type of polysaccharide(s) present in the environment. 26731480 9 112 dep σI6 1890:1892 arg1 sequences 1921:1929 promoter consensus sequences 1902:1929 promoter consensus sequences 1902:1929 Our results suggest possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum, as well as the σI6 and σI3 promoter consensus sequences. 26731480 9 112 dep σI6 1890:1892 arg1 the 1886:1888 the 1886:1888 the 1886:1888 Our results suggest possible regulons of σI6 and σI3 in C. thermocellum, as well as the σI6 and σI3 promoter consensus sequences. 26731480 6 113 theme predicted 1137:1145 arg1 promoters 1170:1178 the predicted σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters 1133:1178 the predicted σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters 1133:1178 Because of the limited genetic tools available for C. thermocellum, the functionality of the predicted σI6- and σI3-dependent promoters was studied in B. subtilis as a heterologous host. 26731480 8 114 dep sigI3 1721:1725 arg1 Clo1313_1911 1736:1747 Clo1313_1911 1736:1747 Clo1313_1911 1736:1747 Additionally, we observed the activation of 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911), pl11 (Clo1313_1983), ce12 (Clo1313_0693) and cipA. 26731480 8 114 dep sigI3 1721:1725 arg1 itself 1728:1733 itself 1728:1733 itself 1728:1733 Additionally, we observed the activation of 4 predicted σI3-dependent promoters associated with the C. thermocellum genes: sigI3 (itself, Clo1313_1911), pl11 (Clo1313_1983), ce12 (Clo1313_0693) and cipA. 26731480 4 115 theme cellulosomal 830:841 arg1 genes 843:847 specific cellulosomal genes 821:847 specific cellulosomal genes 821:847 The aim of the present work was to demonstrate whether individual C. thermocellum σI-like factors regulate specific cellulosomal genes, focusing on C. thermocellum σI6 and σI3 factors. 26731480 3 116 theme RNA 551:553 arg1 factors 576:582 eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors 533:582 eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor 533:711 C. thermocellum has a set of eight alternative RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors that are activated in response to extracellular polysaccharides and share sequence similarity to the Bacillus subtilis σI factor. 26082213 5 0 theme engineered 1170:1179 arg1 variants 1181:1188 engineered variants 1170:1188 natural OSTs as well as engineered variants 1146:1188 To date, this method has been successfully applied to screen (1) combinatorial libraries of bacterial oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs) for relaxed substrate specificity and (2) acceptor site libraries to identify sequons recognized by natural OSTs as well as engineered variants. 26082213 5 1 theme site 1097:1100 arg1 libraries 1102:1110 (2) acceptor site libraries 1084:1110 (2) acceptor site libraries 1084:1110 To date, this method has been successfully applied to screen (1) combinatorial libraries of bacterial oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs) for relaxed substrate specificity and (2) acceptor site libraries to identify sequons recognized by natural OSTs as well as engineered variants. 26082213 2 2 theme N-linked 379:386 arg1 glycosylation 388:400 efficient N-linked glycosylation 369:400 efficient N-linked glycosylation of acceptor proteins with the C. jejuni heptasaccharide in this genetically tractable host 369:491 This pathway has been functionally transferred into Escherichia coli, thereby enabling efficient N-linked glycosylation of acceptor proteins with the C. jejuni heptasaccharide in this genetically tractable host. 26082213 5 3 dep libraries 1102:1110 arg1 2 1085:1085 2 1085:1085 2 1085:1085 To date, this method has been successfully applied to screen (1) combinatorial libraries of bacterial oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs) for relaxed substrate specificity and (2) acceptor site libraries to identify sequons recognized by natural OSTs as well as engineered variants. 26082213 2 4 from host 488:491 arg1 heptasaccharide 442:456 heptasaccharide 442:456 heptasaccharide 442:456 This pathway has been functionally transferred into Escherichia coli, thereby enabling efficient N-linked glycosylation of acceptor proteins with the C. jejuni heptasaccharide in this genetically tractable host. 26082213 3 5 theme potential 584:592 arg1 glycans 594:600 potential glycans 584:600 potential glycans 584:600 However, expansion of this bacterial system to encompass the vast biological diversity of potential glycans and target proteins often requires engineering of the non-native enzymes to isolate variants with optimal or altered functions. 26082213 3 6 theme target 606:611 arg1 proteins 613:620 target proteins 606:620 target proteins 606:620 However, expansion of this bacterial system to encompass the vast biological diversity of potential glycans and target proteins often requires engineering of the non-native enzymes to isolate variants with optimal or altered functions. 26082213 4 7 gly glycosylation 781:793 arg1 proteins 825:832 secreted N-linked acceptor proteins 798:832 secreted N-linked acceptor proteins 798:832 Here, we describe a genetic assay named glycoSNAP (glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins) that facilitates engineering of glycosylation enzymes directly in E. coli. 26082213 4 8 theme N-linked 807:814 arg1 proteins 825:832 secreted N-linked acceptor proteins 798:832 secreted N-linked acceptor proteins 798:832 Here, we describe a genetic assay named glycoSNAP (glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins) that facilitates engineering of glycosylation enzymes directly in E. coli. 26082213 1 9 gly N-glycosylation 253:267 arg1 bacteria 272:279 bacteria 272:279 bacteria 272:279 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes enzymes for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the prototype for N-glycosylation in bacteria. 26082213 3 10 theme glycans 594:600 arg1 diversity 571:579 the vast biological diversity 551:579 the vast biological diversity of potential glycans and target proteins 551:620 However, expansion of this bacterial system to encompass the vast biological diversity of potential glycans and target proteins often requires engineering of the non-native enzymes to isolate variants with optimal or altered functions. 26082213 4 11 link N-linked 807:814 arg1 proteins 825:832 secreted N-linked acceptor proteins 798:832 secreted N-linked acceptor proteins 798:832 Here, we describe a genetic assay named glycoSNAP (glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins) that facilitates engineering of glycosylation enzymes directly in E. coli. 26082213 2 12 link N-linked 379:386 arg1 glycosylation 388:400 efficient N-linked glycosylation 369:400 efficient N-linked glycosylation of acceptor proteins with the C. jejuni heptasaccharide in this genetically tractable host 369:491 This pathway has been functionally transferred into Escherichia coli, thereby enabling efficient N-linked glycosylation of acceptor proteins with the C. jejuni heptasaccharide in this genetically tractable host. 26082213 1 13 link N-linked 197:204 arg1 glycosylation 207:219 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 178:219 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 178:219 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes enzymes for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the prototype for N-glycosylation in bacteria. 26082213 1 14 theme asparagine-linked 178:194 arg1 glycosylation 207:219 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 178:219 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 178:219 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes enzymes for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the prototype for N-glycosylation in bacteria. 26082213 5 15 dep libraries 989:997 arg1 1 972:972 1 972:972 1 972:972 To date, this method has been successfully applied to screen (1) combinatorial libraries of bacterial oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs) for relaxed substrate specificity and (2) acceptor site libraries to identify sequons recognized by natural OSTs as well as engineered variants. 26082213 4 16 theme proteins 825:832 arg1 glycosylation 781:793 glycosylation 781:793 glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins 781:832 Here, we describe a genetic assay named glycoSNAP (glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins) that facilitates engineering of glycosylation enzymes directly in E. coli. 26082213 3 17 theme system 531:536 arg1 expansion 503:511 expansion 503:511 expansion of this bacterial system to encompass the vast biological diversity of potential glycans and target proteins 503:620 However, expansion of this bacterial system to encompass the vast biological diversity of potential glycans and target proteins often requires engineering of the non-native enzymes to isolate variants with optimal or altered functions. 26082213 1 18 link asparagine-linked 178:194 arg1 glycosylation 207:219 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 178:219 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 178:219 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes enzymes for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the prototype for N-glycosylation in bacteria. 26082213 3 19 theme proteins 613:620 arg1 diversity 571:579 the vast biological diversity 551:579 the vast biological diversity of potential glycans and target proteins 551:620 However, expansion of this bacterial system to encompass the vast biological diversity of potential glycans and target proteins often requires engineering of the non-native enzymes to isolate variants with optimal or altered functions. 26082213 5 20 theme natural 1146:1152 arg1 OSTs 1154:1157 natural OSTs 1146:1157 natural OSTs as well as engineered variants 1146:1188 To date, this method has been successfully applied to screen (1) combinatorial libraries of bacterial oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs) for relaxed substrate specificity and (2) acceptor site libraries to identify sequons recognized by natural OSTs as well as engineered variants. 26082213 1 21 theme N-linked 197:204 arg1 glycosylation 207:219 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 178:219 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 178:219 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes enzymes for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the prototype for N-glycosylation in bacteria. 26082213 1 22 theme Campylobacter 103:115 arg1 jejuni 117:122 Campylobacter jejuni 103:122 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) 99:156 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes enzymes for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the prototype for N-glycosylation in bacteria. 26082213 3 23 with variants 686:693 arg1 functions 719:727 optimal or altered functions 700:727 optimal or altered functions 700:727 However, expansion of this bacterial system to encompass the vast biological diversity of potential glycans and target proteins often requires engineering of the non-native enzymes to isolate variants with optimal or altered functions. 26082213 2 24 theme proteins 414:421 arg1 glycosylation 388:400 efficient N-linked glycosylation 369:400 efficient N-linked glycosylation of acceptor proteins with the C. jejuni heptasaccharide in this genetically tractable host 369:491 This pathway has been functionally transferred into Escherichia coli, thereby enabling efficient N-linked glycosylation of acceptor proteins with the C. jejuni heptasaccharide in this genetically tractable host. 26082213 0 25 theme High-Throughput 13:27 arg1 Methodology 39:49 A High-Throughput Screening Methodology 11:49 GlycoSNAP: A High-Throughput Screening Methodology for Engineering Designer Glycosylation Enzymes. 0:97 GlycoSNAP: A High-Throughput Screening Methodology for Engineering Designer Glycosylation Enzymes. 26082213 5 26 theme relaxed 1050:1056 arg1 specificity 1068:1078 relaxed substrate specificity 1050:1078 relaxed substrate specificity 1050:1078 To date, this method has been successfully applied to screen (1) combinatorial libraries of bacterial oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs) for relaxed substrate specificity and (2) acceptor site libraries to identify sequons recognized by natural OSTs as well as engineered variants. 26082213 1 27 theme jejuni 117:122 arg1 pgl 153:155 pgl 153:155 pgl 153:155 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes enzymes for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the prototype for N-glycosylation in bacteria. 26082213 1 27 theme jejuni 117:122 arg1 enzymes 166:172 enzymes 166:172 enzymes for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 166:219 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes enzymes for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the prototype for N-glycosylation in bacteria. 26082213 1 27 theme jejuni 117:122 arg1 locus 146:150 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus 99:150 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) 99:156 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes enzymes for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the prototype for N-glycosylation in bacteria. 26082213 1 27 theme jejuni 117:122 arg1 prototype 239:247 the prototype 235:247 the prototype for N-glycosylation in bacteria 235:279 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes enzymes for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the prototype for N-glycosylation in bacteria. 26082213 5 28 theme bacterial 1002:1010 arg1 oligosaccharyltransferases 1012:1037 bacterial oligosaccharyltransferases 1002:1037 bacterial oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs) 1002:1044 To date, this method has been successfully applied to screen (1) combinatorial libraries of bacterial oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs) for relaxed substrate specificity and (2) acceptor site libraries to identify sequons recognized by natural OSTs as well as engineered variants. 26082213 5 28 theme bacterial 1002:1010 arg1 OSTs 1040:1043 OSTs 1040:1043 OSTs 1040:1043 To date, this method has been successfully applied to screen (1) combinatorial libraries of bacterial oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs) for relaxed substrate specificity and (2) acceptor site libraries to identify sequons recognized by natural OSTs as well as engineered variants. 26082213 5 29 theme combinatorial 975:987 arg1 libraries 989:997 combinatorial libraries 975:997 (1) combinatorial libraries of bacterial oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs) for relaxed substrate specificity and (2) acceptor site libraries 971:1110 To date, this method has been successfully applied to screen (1) combinatorial libraries of bacterial oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs) for relaxed substrate specificity and (2) acceptor site libraries to identify sequons recognized by natural OSTs as well as engineered variants. 26082213 3 30 theme optimal 700:706 arg1 functions 719:727 optimal or altered functions 700:727 optimal or altered functions 700:727 However, expansion of this bacterial system to encompass the vast biological diversity of potential glycans and target proteins often requires engineering of the non-native enzymes to isolate variants with optimal or altered functions. 26082213 1 31 theme protein 124:130 arg1 pgl 153:155 pgl 153:155 pgl 153:155 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes enzymes for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the prototype for N-glycosylation in bacteria. 26082213 1 31 theme protein 124:130 arg1 enzymes 166:172 enzymes 166:172 enzymes for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 166:219 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes enzymes for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the prototype for N-glycosylation in bacteria. 26082213 1 31 theme protein 124:130 arg1 locus 146:150 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus 99:150 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) 99:156 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes enzymes for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the prototype for N-glycosylation in bacteria. 26082213 1 31 theme protein 124:130 arg1 prototype 239:247 the prototype 235:247 the prototype for N-glycosylation in bacteria 235:279 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes enzymes for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the prototype for N-glycosylation in bacteria. 26082213 3 32 theme vast 555:558 arg1 diversity 571:579 the vast biological diversity 551:579 the vast biological diversity of potential glycans and target proteins 551:620 However, expansion of this bacterial system to encompass the vast biological diversity of potential glycans and target proteins often requires engineering of the non-native enzymes to isolate variants with optimal or altered functions. 26082213 5 33 theme substrate 1058:1066 arg1 specificity 1068:1078 relaxed substrate specificity 1050:1078 relaxed substrate specificity 1050:1078 To date, this method has been successfully applied to screen (1) combinatorial libraries of bacterial oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs) for relaxed substrate specificity and (2) acceptor site libraries to identify sequons recognized by natural OSTs as well as engineered variants. 26082213 4 34 theme enzymes 881:887 arg1 engineering 852:862 engineering 852:862 engineering of glycosylation enzymes 852:887 Here, we describe a genetic assay named glycoSNAP (glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins) that facilitates engineering of glycosylation enzymes directly in E. coli. 26082213 2 35 theme heptasaccharide 442:456 arg1 jejuni 435:440 the C. jejuni 428:440 the C. jejuni heptasaccharide in this genetically tractable host 428:491 This pathway has been functionally transferred into Escherichia coli, thereby enabling efficient N-linked glycosylation of acceptor proteins with the C. jejuni heptasaccharide in this genetically tractable host. 26082213 2 36 theme C. 432:433 arg1 jejuni 435:440 the C. jejuni 428:440 the C. jejuni heptasaccharide in this genetically tractable host 428:491 This pathway has been functionally transferred into Escherichia coli, thereby enabling efficient N-linked glycosylation of acceptor proteins with the C. jejuni heptasaccharide in this genetically tractable host. 26082213 0 37 theme Screening 29:37 arg1 Methodology 39:49 A High-Throughput Screening Methodology 11:49 GlycoSNAP: A High-Throughput Screening Methodology for Engineering Designer Glycosylation Enzymes. 0:97 GlycoSNAP: A High-Throughput Screening Methodology for Engineering Designer Glycosylation Enzymes. 26082213 2 38 theme tractable 478:486 arg1 host 488:491 this genetically tractable host 461:491 this genetically tractable host 461:491 This pathway has been functionally transferred into Escherichia coli, thereby enabling efficient N-linked glycosylation of acceptor proteins with the C. jejuni heptasaccharide in this genetically tractable host. 26082213 5 39 theme oligosaccharyltransferases 1012:1037 arg1 libraries 989:997 combinatorial libraries 975:997 (1) combinatorial libraries of bacterial oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs) for relaxed substrate specificity and (2) acceptor site libraries 971:1110 To date, this method has been successfully applied to screen (1) combinatorial libraries of bacterial oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs) for relaxed substrate specificity and (2) acceptor site libraries to identify sequons recognized by natural OSTs as well as engineered variants. 26082213 2 40 theme efficient 369:377 arg1 glycosylation 388:400 efficient N-linked glycosylation 369:400 efficient N-linked glycosylation of acceptor proteins with the C. jejuni heptasaccharide in this genetically tractable host 369:491 This pathway has been functionally transferred into Escherichia coli, thereby enabling efficient N-linked glycosylation of acceptor proteins with the C. jejuni heptasaccharide in this genetically tractable host. 26082213 2 41 gly glycosylation 388:400 arg1 proteins 414:421 acceptor proteins 405:421 acceptor proteins 405:421 This pathway has been functionally transferred into Escherichia coli, thereby enabling efficient N-linked glycosylation of acceptor proteins with the C. jejuni heptasaccharide in this genetically tractable host. 26082213 1 42 theme glycosylation 132:144 arg1 pgl 153:155 pgl 153:155 pgl 153:155 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes enzymes for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the prototype for N-glycosylation in bacteria. 26082213 1 42 theme glycosylation 132:144 arg1 enzymes 166:172 enzymes 166:172 enzymes for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 166:219 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes enzymes for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the prototype for N-glycosylation in bacteria. 26082213 1 42 theme glycosylation 132:144 arg1 locus 146:150 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus 99:150 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) 99:156 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes enzymes for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the prototype for N-glycosylation in bacteria. 26082213 1 42 theme glycosylation 132:144 arg1 prototype 239:247 the prototype 235:247 the prototype for N-glycosylation in bacteria 235:279 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes enzymes for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the prototype for N-glycosylation in bacteria. 26082213 1 43 from N-glycosylation 253:267 arg1 bacteria 272:279 bacteria 272:279 bacteria 272:279 The Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes enzymes for asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and serves as the prototype for N-glycosylation in bacteria. 26082213 2 44 with glycosylation 388:400 arg1 jejuni 435:440 the C. jejuni 428:440 the C. jejuni heptasaccharide in this genetically tractable host 428:491 This pathway has been functionally transferred into Escherichia coli, thereby enabling efficient N-linked glycosylation of acceptor proteins with the C. jejuni heptasaccharide in this genetically tractable host. 26082213 4 45 dep glycoSNAP 770:778 arg1 glycosylation 781:793 glycosylation 781:793 glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins 781:832 Here, we describe a genetic assay named glycoSNAP (glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins) that facilitates engineering of glycosylation enzymes directly in E. coli. 26082213 4 46 theme genetic 750:756 arg1 assay 758:762 a genetic assay 748:762 a genetic assay named glycoSNAP (glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins) that facilitates engineering of glycosylation enzymes directly in E. coli 748:907 Here, we describe a genetic assay named glycoSNAP (glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins) that facilitates engineering of glycosylation enzymes directly in E. coli. 26082213 3 47 theme enzymes 667:673 arg1 engineering 637:647 engineering 637:647 engineering of the non-native enzymes 637:673 However, expansion of this bacterial system to encompass the vast biological diversity of potential glycans and target proteins often requires engineering of the non-native enzymes to isolate variants with optimal or altered functions. 26082213 5 48 theme acceptor 1088:1095 arg1 libraries 1102:1110 (2) acceptor site libraries 1084:1110 (2) acceptor site libraries 1084:1110 To date, this method has been successfully applied to screen (1) combinatorial libraries of bacterial oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs) for relaxed substrate specificity and (2) acceptor site libraries to identify sequons recognized by natural OSTs as well as engineered variants. 26082213 4 49 theme glycosylation 867:879 arg1 enzymes 881:887 glycosylation enzymes 867:887 glycosylation enzymes 867:887 Here, we describe a genetic assay named glycoSNAP (glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins) that facilitates engineering of glycosylation enzymes directly in E. coli. 26082213 4 50 theme secreted 798:805 arg1 proteins 825:832 secreted N-linked acceptor proteins 798:832 secreted N-linked acceptor proteins 798:832 Here, we describe a genetic assay named glycoSNAP (glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins) that facilitates engineering of glycosylation enzymes directly in E. coli. 26082213 3 51 theme altered 711:717 arg1 functions 719:727 optimal or altered functions 700:727 optimal or altered functions 700:727 However, expansion of this bacterial system to encompass the vast biological diversity of potential glycans and target proteins often requires engineering of the non-native enzymes to isolate variants with optimal or altered functions. 26082213 4 52 theme acceptor 816:823 arg1 proteins 825:832 secreted N-linked acceptor proteins 798:832 secreted N-linked acceptor proteins 798:832 Here, we describe a genetic assay named glycoSNAP (glycosylation of secreted N-linked acceptor proteins) that facilitates engineering of glycosylation enzymes directly in E. coli. 26082213 2 53 from heptasaccharide 442:456 arg1 host 488:491 this genetically tractable host 461:491 this genetically tractable host 461:491 This pathway has been functionally transferred into Escherichia coli, thereby enabling efficient N-linked glycosylation of acceptor proteins with the C. jejuni heptasaccharide in this genetically tractable host. 26082213 3 54 theme bacterial 521:529 arg1 system 531:536 this bacterial system to encompass the vast biological diversity of potential glycans and target proteins 516:620 this bacterial system to encompass the vast biological diversity of potential glycans and target proteins 516:620 However, expansion of this bacterial system to encompass the vast biological diversity of potential glycans and target proteins often requires engineering of the non-native enzymes to isolate variants with optimal or altered functions. 26082213 0 55 theme Glycosylation 76:88 arg1 Enzymes 90:96 Designer Glycosylation Enzymes 67:96 Designer Glycosylation Enzymes 67:96 GlycoSNAP: A High-Throughput Screening Methodology for Engineering Designer Glycosylation Enzymes. 26082213 3 56 theme non-native 656:665 arg1 enzymes 667:673 the non-native enzymes 652:673 the non-native enzymes 652:673 However, expansion of this bacterial system to encompass the vast biological diversity of potential glycans and target proteins often requires engineering of the non-native enzymes to isolate variants with optimal or altered functions. 26082213 2 57 theme acceptor 405:412 arg1 proteins 414:421 acceptor proteins 405:421 acceptor proteins 405:421 This pathway has been functionally transferred into Escherichia coli, thereby enabling efficient N-linked glycosylation of acceptor proteins with the C. jejuni heptasaccharide in this genetically tractable host. 26082213 0 58 theme Designer 67:74 arg1 Enzymes 90:96 Designer Glycosylation Enzymes 67:96 Designer Glycosylation Enzymes 67:96 GlycoSNAP: A High-Throughput Screening Methodology for Engineering Designer Glycosylation Enzymes. 26082213 0 59 dep GlycoSNAP 0:8 arg1 Methodology 39:49 A High-Throughput Screening Methodology 11:49 GlycoSNAP: A High-Throughput Screening Methodology for Engineering Designer Glycosylation Enzymes. 0:97 GlycoSNAP: A High-Throughput Screening Methodology for Engineering Designer Glycosylation Enzymes. 26082213 3 60 theme biological 560:569 arg1 diversity 571:579 the vast biological diversity 551:579 the vast biological diversity of potential glycans and target proteins 551:620 However, expansion of this bacterial system to encompass the vast biological diversity of potential glycans and target proteins often requires engineering of the non-native enzymes to isolate variants with optimal or altered functions. 24657360 5 0 gly glycoprotein 891:902 arg1 glycoprotein 891:902 glycoprotein biotherapeutics 891:918 glycoprotein biotherapeutics 891:918 Manufacturers of glycoprotein biotherapeutics need to produce products with a consistent state of sialylation and, therefore, require an accurate assessment of glycoprotein sialylation. 24657360 4 1 theme acid 526:529 arg1 loss 531:534 sialic acid loss 519:534 sialic acid loss 519:534 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 4 2 theme sialylated 713:722 arg1 standards 750:758 sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards 713:758 sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards 713:758 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 1 3 from Labeling 101:108 arg1 glycoproteins 173:185 glycoproteins 173:185 glycoproteins 173:185 Labeling of released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides from glycoproteins is commonly performed to aid in the separation and detection of the oligosaccharide. 24657360 4 4 theme serum 632:636 arg1 IgG 656:658 IgG 656:658 IgG 656:658 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 4 4 theme serum 632:636 arg1 G 653:653 polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G 615:653 polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) 615:659 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 4 5 theme human 626:630 arg1 IgG 656:658 IgG 656:658 IgG 656:658 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 4 5 theme human 626:630 arg1 G 653:653 polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G 615:653 polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) 615:659 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 4 6 theme sialylated 791:800 arg1 oligosaccharides 802:817 more highly sialylated oligosaccharides 779:817 more highly sialylated oligosaccharides 779:817 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 4 7 theme sialic 519:524 arg1 loss 531:534 sialic acid loss 519:534 sialic acid loss 519:534 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 1 8 from glycoproteins 173:185 arg1 oligosaccharides 151:166 released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides 113:166 released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides from glycoproteins 113:185 Labeling of released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides from glycoproteins is commonly performed to aid in the separation and detection of the oligosaccharide. 24657360 1 8 from glycoproteins 173:185 arg1 Labeling 101:108 Labeling 101:108 Labeling of released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides from glycoproteins 101:185 Labeling of released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides from glycoproteins is commonly performed to aid in the separation and detection of the oligosaccharide. 24657360 2 9 theme 2-amino 318:324 arg1 choice 356:361 a popular choice 346:361 a popular choice for providing a fluorescent product 346:397 Of the many available oligosaccharide labels, 2-amino benzamide (2-AB) is a popular choice for providing a fluorescent product. 24657360 2 9 theme 2-amino 318:324 arg1 2-AB 337:340 2-AB 337:340 2-AB 337:340 Of the many available oligosaccharide labels, 2-amino benzamide (2-AB) is a popular choice for providing a fluorescent product. 24657360 2 9 theme 2-amino 318:324 arg1 benzamide 326:334 2-amino benzamide 318:334 2-amino benzamide (2-AB) 318:341 Of the many available oligosaccharide labels, 2-amino benzamide (2-AB) is a popular choice for providing a fluorescent product. 24657360 4 10 theme immunoglobulin 638:651 arg1 IgG 656:658 IgG 656:658 IgG 656:658 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 4 10 theme immunoglobulin 638:651 arg1 G 653:653 polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G 615:653 polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) 615:659 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 4 11 theme reference 740:748 arg1 standards 750:758 sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards 713:758 sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards 713:758 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 5 12 theme biotherapeutics 904:918 arg1 Manufacturers 874:886 Manufacturers 874:886 Manufacturers of glycoprotein biotherapeutics 874:918 Manufacturers of glycoprotein biotherapeutics need to produce products with a consistent state of sialylation and, therefore, require an accurate assessment of glycoprotein sialylation. 24657360 4 13 theme loss 531:534 arg1 extent 509:514 the extent 505:514 the extent of sialic acid loss 505:534 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 5 14 with products 936:943 arg1 state 963:967 a consistent state 950:967 a consistent state of sialylation 950:982 Manufacturers of glycoprotein biotherapeutics need to produce products with a consistent state of sialylation and, therefore, require an accurate assessment of glycoprotein sialylation. 24657360 2 15 theme labels 310:315 arg1 choice 356:361 a popular choice 346:361 a popular choice for providing a fluorescent product 346:397 Of the many available oligosaccharide labels, 2-amino benzamide (2-AB) is a popular choice for providing a fluorescent product. 24657360 2 15 theme labels 310:315 arg1 benzamide 326:334 2-amino benzamide 318:334 2-amino benzamide (2-AB) 318:341 Of the many available oligosaccharide labels, 2-amino benzamide (2-AB) is a popular choice for providing a fluorescent product. 24657360 5 16 theme glycoprotein 891:902 arg1 biotherapeutics 904:918 glycoprotein biotherapeutics 891:918 glycoprotein biotherapeutics 891:918 Manufacturers of glycoprotein biotherapeutics need to produce products with a consistent state of sialylation and, therefore, require an accurate assessment of glycoprotein sialylation. 24657360 3 17 theme derivatization 404:417 arg1 conditions 419:428 The derivatization conditions 400:428 The derivatization conditions 400:428 The derivatization conditions can potentially lead to oligosaccharide desialylation. 24657360 4 18 link N-linked 560:567 arg1 oligosaccharides 569:584 N-linked oligosaccharides 560:584 N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards 560:758 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 0 19 theme oligosaccharides 83:98 arg1 labeling 53:60 2-amino benzamide labeling 35:60 2-amino benzamide labeling of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides 35:98 Evaluation of desialylation during 2-amino benzamide labeling of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. 24657360 5 20 theme sialylation 972:982 arg1 state 963:967 a consistent state 950:967 a consistent state of sialylation 950:982 Manufacturers of glycoprotein biotherapeutics need to produce products with a consistent state of sialylation and, therefore, require an accurate assessment of glycoprotein sialylation. 24657360 3 21 theme oligosaccharide 454:468 arg1 desialylation 470:482 oligosaccharide desialylation 454:482 oligosaccharide desialylation 454:482 The derivatization conditions can potentially lead to oligosaccharide desialylation. 24657360 4 22 gly glycoprotein 680:691 arg1 AGP 694:696 AGP 694:696 AGP 694:696 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 4 22 gly glycoprotein 680:691 arg1 glycoprotein 680:691 human α1-acid glycoprotein 666:691 human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) 666:697 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 1 23 theme released 113:120 arg1 oligosaccharides 151:166 released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides 113:166 released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides from glycoproteins 113:185 Labeling of released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides from glycoproteins is commonly performed to aid in the separation and detection of the oligosaccharide. 24657360 5 24 theme accurate 1011:1018 arg1 assessment 1020:1029 an accurate assessment 1008:1029 an accurate assessment of glycoprotein sialylation 1008:1057 Manufacturers of glycoprotein biotherapeutics need to produce products with a consistent state of sialylation and, therefore, require an accurate assessment of glycoprotein sialylation. 24657360 4 25 theme bovine 600:605 arg1 fetuin 607:612 bovine fetuin 600:612 bovine fetuin 600:612 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 5 26 theme glycoprotein 1034:1045 arg1 sialylation 1047:1057 glycoprotein sialylation 1034:1057 glycoprotein sialylation 1034:1057 Manufacturers of glycoprotein biotherapeutics need to produce products with a consistent state of sialylation and, therefore, require an accurate assessment of glycoprotein sialylation. 24657360 1 27 theme asparagine-linked 122:138 arg1 oligosaccharides 151:166 released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides 113:166 released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides from glycoproteins 113:185 Labeling of released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides from glycoproteins is commonly performed to aid in the separation and detection of the oligosaccharide. 24657360 4 28 theme human 666:670 arg1 AGP 694:696 AGP 694:696 AGP 694:696 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 4 28 theme human 666:670 arg1 glycoprotein 680:691 human α1-acid glycoprotein 666:691 human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) 666:697 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 0 29 theme desialylation 14:26 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of desialylation during 2-amino benzamide labeling of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. 0:99 Evaluation of desialylation during 2-amino benzamide labeling of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. 24657360 4 30 theme polyclonal 615:624 arg1 IgG 656:658 IgG 656:658 IgG 656:658 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 4 30 theme polyclonal 615:624 arg1 G 653:653 polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G 615:653 polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) 615:659 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 0 31 theme benzamide 43:51 arg1 labeling 53:60 2-amino benzamide labeling 35:60 2-amino benzamide labeling of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides 35:98 Evaluation of desialylation during 2-amino benzamide labeling of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. 24657360 5 32 theme consistent 952:961 arg1 state 963:967 a consistent state 950:967 a consistent state of sialylation 950:982 Manufacturers of glycoprotein biotherapeutics need to produce products with a consistent state of sialylation and, therefore, require an accurate assessment of glycoprotein sialylation. 24657360 4 33 theme <2 848:849 arg1 % 850:850 % 850:850 % 850:850 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 0 34 theme 2-amino 35:41 arg1 labeling 53:60 2-amino benzamide labeling 35:60 2-amino benzamide labeling of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides 35:98 Evaluation of desialylation during 2-amino benzamide labeling of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. 24657360 4 35 theme oligosaccharides 569:584 arg1 labeling 548:555 2-AB labeling 543:555 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards 543:758 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 5 36 dep need 920:923 arg1 require 1000:1006 require 1000:1006 require an accurate assessment of glycoprotein sialylation 1000:1057 Manufacturers of glycoprotein biotherapeutics need to produce products with a consistent state of sialylation and, therefore, require an accurate assessment of glycoprotein sialylation. 24657360 1 37 theme oligosaccharide 255:269 arg1 detection 238:246 detection 238:246 detection 238:246 Labeling of released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides from glycoproteins is commonly performed to aid in the separation and detection of the oligosaccharide. 24657360 1 37 theme oligosaccharide 255:269 arg1 separation 223:232 separation 223:232 separation 223:232 Labeling of released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides from glycoproteins is commonly performed to aid in the separation and detection of the oligosaccharide. 24657360 4 38 theme N-linked 560:567 arg1 oligosaccharides 569:584 N-linked oligosaccharides 560:584 N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards 560:758 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 4 39 gly sialylated 791:800 arg1 oligosaccharides 802:817 more highly sialylated oligosaccharides 779:817 more highly sialylated oligosaccharides 779:817 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 1 40 theme N-linked 141:148 arg1 oligosaccharides 151:166 released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides 113:166 released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides from glycoproteins 113:185 Labeling of released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides from glycoproteins is commonly performed to aid in the separation and detection of the oligosaccharide. 24657360 5 41 gly glycoprotein 1034:1045 arg1 glycoprotein 1034:1045 glycoprotein sialylation 1034:1057 glycoprotein sialylation 1034:1057 Manufacturers of glycoprotein biotherapeutics need to produce products with a consistent state of sialylation and, therefore, require an accurate assessment of glycoprotein sialylation. 24657360 1 42 gly glycoproteins 173:185 arg1 glycoproteins 173:185 glycoproteins 173:185 glycoproteins 173:185 Labeling of released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides from glycoproteins is commonly performed to aid in the separation and detection of the oligosaccharide. 24657360 4 43 theme % 850:850 arg1 value 852:856 the <2% value 844:856 the <2% value commonly cited 844:871 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 4 44 theme oligosaccharide 724:738 arg1 standards 750:758 sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards 713:758 sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards 713:758 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 1 45 link N-linked 141:148 arg1 oligosaccharides 151:166 released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides 113:166 released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides from glycoproteins 113:185 Labeling of released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides from glycoproteins is commonly performed to aid in the separation and detection of the oligosaccharide. 24657360 2 46 theme oligosaccharide 294:308 arg1 labels 310:315 the many available oligosaccharide labels 275:315 the many available oligosaccharide labels 275:315 Of the many available oligosaccharide labels, 2-amino benzamide (2-AB) is a popular choice for providing a fluorescent product. 24657360 0 47 link asparagine-linked 65:81 arg1 oligosaccharides 83:98 asparagine-linked oligosaccharides 65:98 asparagine-linked oligosaccharides 65:98 Evaluation of desialylation during 2-amino benzamide labeling of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. 24657360 1 48 theme oligosaccharides 151:166 arg1 Labeling 101:108 Labeling 101:108 Labeling of released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides from glycoproteins 101:185 Labeling of released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides from glycoproteins is commonly performed to aid in the separation and detection of the oligosaccharide. 24657360 4 49 attach released 586:593 arg1 G 653:653 polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G 615:653 polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) 615:659 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 4 49 attach released 586:593 arg2 oligosaccharides 569:584 N-linked oligosaccharides 560:584 N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards 560:758 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 4 49 attach released 586:593 arg1 fetuin 607:612 bovine fetuin 600:612 bovine fetuin 600:612 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 4 49 attach released 586:593 arg1 glycoprotein 680:691 human α1-acid glycoprotein 666:691 human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) 666:697 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 4 49 attach released 586:593 arg1 IgG 656:658 IgG 656:658 IgG 656:658 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 4 49 attach released 586:593 arg1 AGP 694:696 AGP 694:696 AGP 694:696 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 4 50 gly sialylated 713:722 arg1 standards 750:758 sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards 713:758 sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards 713:758 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 2 51 theme available 284:292 arg1 labels 310:315 the many available oligosaccharide labels 275:315 the many available oligosaccharide labels 275:315 Of the many available oligosaccharide labels, 2-amino benzamide (2-AB) is a popular choice for providing a fluorescent product. 24657360 2 52 theme popular 348:354 arg1 choice 356:361 a popular choice 346:361 a popular choice for providing a fluorescent product 346:397 Of the many available oligosaccharide labels, 2-amino benzamide (2-AB) is a popular choice for providing a fluorescent product. 24657360 2 52 theme popular 348:354 arg1 benzamide 326:334 2-amino benzamide 318:334 2-amino benzamide (2-AB) 318:341 Of the many available oligosaccharide labels, 2-amino benzamide (2-AB) is a popular choice for providing a fluorescent product. 24657360 1 53 link asparagine-linked 122:138 arg1 oligosaccharides 151:166 released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides 113:166 released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides from glycoproteins 113:185 Labeling of released asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides from glycoproteins is commonly performed to aid in the separation and detection of the oligosaccharide. 24657360 4 54 theme α1-acid 672:678 arg1 AGP 694:696 AGP 694:696 AGP 694:696 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 4 54 theme α1-acid 672:678 arg1 glycoprotein 680:691 human α1-acid glycoprotein 666:691 human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) 666:697 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 2 55 theme many 279:282 arg1 labels 310:315 the many available oligosaccharide labels 275:315 the many available oligosaccharide labels 275:315 Of the many available oligosaccharide labels, 2-amino benzamide (2-AB) is a popular choice for providing a fluorescent product. 24657360 0 56 theme asparagine-linked 65:81 arg1 oligosaccharides 83:98 asparagine-linked oligosaccharides 65:98 asparagine-linked oligosaccharides 65:98 Evaluation of desialylation during 2-amino benzamide labeling of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. 24657360 4 57 theme 2-AB 543:546 arg1 labeling 548:555 2-AB labeling 543:555 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards 543:758 This work evaluated the extent of sialic acid loss during 2-AB labeling of N-linked oligosaccharides released from bovine fetuin, polyclonal human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as well as of sialylated oligosaccharide reference standards and found that for more highly sialylated oligosaccharides the loss is greater than the <2% value commonly cited. 24657360 5 58 theme sialylation 1047:1057 arg1 assessment 1020:1029 an accurate assessment 1008:1029 an accurate assessment of glycoprotein sialylation 1008:1057 Manufacturers of glycoprotein biotherapeutics need to produce products with a consistent state of sialylation and, therefore, require an accurate assessment of glycoprotein sialylation. 24657360 2 59 theme fluorescent 379:389 arg1 product 391:397 a fluorescent product 377:397 a fluorescent product 377:397 Of the many available oligosaccharide labels, 2-amino benzamide (2-AB) is a popular choice for providing a fluorescent product. 25956765 4 0 mod modified 552:559 arg1 F4-9 544:547 Enterocin F4-9 534:547 Enterocin F4-9 534:547 Enterocin F4-9 is modified by two molecules of N-acetylglucosamine β-O-linked to Ser37 and Thr46. 25956765 4 0 mod modified 552:559 arg3 molecules 568:576 two molecules 564:576 two molecules of N-acetylglucosamine β-O-linked to Ser37 and Thr46 564:629 Enterocin F4-9 is modified by two molecules of N-acetylglucosamine β-O-linked to Ser37 and Thr46. 25956765 6 1 contain has 813:815 arg1 enfC 801:804 enfC 801:804 enfC 801:804 Further analysis of the enterocin F4-9 gene cluster identified enfC, which has high sequence similarity to a glycosyltransferase. 25956765 6 1 contain has 813:815 arg2 similarity 831:840 high sequence similarity 817:840 high sequence similarity to a glycosyltransferase 817:865 Further analysis of the enterocin F4-9 gene cluster identified enfC, which has high sequence similarity to a glycosyltransferase. 25956765 4 2 link β-O-linked 601:610 arg1 molecules 568:576 two molecules 564:576 two molecules of N-acetylglucosamine β-O-linked to Ser37 and Thr46 564:629 Enterocin F4-9 is modified by two molecules of N-acetylglucosamine β-O-linked to Ser37 and Thr46. 25956765 3 3 theme cleavage 477:484 arg1 site 486:489 a double glycine cleavage site 460:489 a double glycine cleavage site to produce a 47-amino-acid mature peptide 460:531 Amino acid and DNA sequencing showed that the propeptide consists of 67 amino acid residues, with a leader peptide containing a double glycine cleavage site to produce a 47-amino-acid mature peptide. 25956765 7 4 theme F4-9 908:911 arg1 activity 886:893 The antimicrobial activity 868:893 The antimicrobial activity of enterocin F4-9 868:911 The antimicrobial activity of enterocin F4-9 covered a limited range of bacteria, including, interestingly, a Gram-negative strain, Escherichia coli JM109. 25956765 5 5 theme O-linked 636:643 arg1 essential 678:686 essential 678:686 essential 678:686 The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine moieties are essential for the antimicrobial activity of enterocin F4-9. 25956765 5 5 theme O-linked 636:643 arg1 moieties 665:672 The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine moieties 632:672 The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine moieties 632:672 The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine moieties are essential for the antimicrobial activity of enterocin F4-9. 25956765 6 6 theme high 817:820 arg1 similarity 831:840 high sequence similarity 817:840 high sequence similarity to a glycosyltransferase 817:865 Further analysis of the enterocin F4-9 gene cluster identified enfC, which has high sequence similarity to a glycosyltransferase. 25956765 1 7 theme enterocin 168:176 arg1 F4-9 178:181 enterocin F4-9 168:181 enterocin F4-9 168:181 Enterococcus faecalis F4-9 isolated from Egyptian salted-fermented fish produces a novel bacteriocin, termed enterocin F4-9. 25956765 5 8 theme F4-9 732:735 arg1 activity 710:717 the antimicrobial activity 692:717 the antimicrobial activity of enterocin F4-9 692:735 The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine moieties are essential for the antimicrobial activity of enterocin F4-9. 25956765 5 9 theme N-acetylglucosamine 645:663 arg1 essential 678:686 essential 678:686 essential 678:686 The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine moieties are essential for the antimicrobial activity of enterocin F4-9. 25956765 5 9 theme N-acetylglucosamine 645:663 arg1 moieties 665:672 The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine moieties 632:672 The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine moieties 632:672 The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine moieties are essential for the antimicrobial activity of enterocin F4-9. 25956765 3 10 theme mature 518:523 arg1 peptide 525:531 a 47-amino-acid mature peptide 502:531 a 47-amino-acid mature peptide 502:531 Amino acid and DNA sequencing showed that the propeptide consists of 67 amino acid residues, with a leader peptide containing a double glycine cleavage site to produce a 47-amino-acid mature peptide. 25956765 3 11 theme DNA 349:351 arg1 sequencing 353:362 DNA sequencing 349:362 DNA sequencing 349:362 Amino acid and DNA sequencing showed that the propeptide consists of 67 amino acid residues, with a leader peptide containing a double glycine cleavage site to produce a 47-amino-acid mature peptide. 25956765 1 12 theme Enterococcus 59:70 arg1 faecalis 72:79 Enterococcus faecalis F4-9 59:84 Enterococcus faecalis F4-9 isolated from Egyptian salted-fermented fish 59:129 Enterococcus faecalis F4-9 isolated from Egyptian salted-fermented fish produces a novel bacteriocin, termed enterocin F4-9. 25956765 3 13 theme Amino 334:338 arg1 acid 340:343 Amino acid 334:343 Amino acid 334:343 Amino acid and DNA sequencing showed that the propeptide consists of 67 amino acid residues, with a leader peptide containing a double glycine cleavage site to produce a 47-amino-acid mature peptide. 25956765 3 14 contain containing 449:458 arg2 site 486:489 a double glycine cleavage site 460:489 a double glycine cleavage site to produce a 47-amino-acid mature peptide 460:531 Amino acid and DNA sequencing showed that the propeptide consists of 67 amino acid residues, with a leader peptide containing a double glycine cleavage site to produce a 47-amino-acid mature peptide. 25956765 3 14 contain containing 449:458 arg1 peptide 441:447 a leader peptide 432:447 a leader peptide containing a double glycine cleavage site to produce a 47-amino-acid mature peptide 432:531 Amino acid and DNA sequencing showed that the propeptide consists of 67 amino acid residues, with a leader peptide containing a double glycine cleavage site to produce a 47-amino-acid mature peptide. 25956765 7 15 theme antimicrobial 872:884 arg1 activity 886:893 The antimicrobial activity 868:893 The antimicrobial activity of enterocin F4-9 868:911 The antimicrobial activity of enterocin F4-9 covered a limited range of bacteria, including, interestingly, a Gram-negative strain, Escherichia coli JM109. 25956765 2 16 theme molecular 265:273 arg1 mass 275:278 its molecular mass 261:278 its molecular mass 261:278 Enterocin F4-9 was purified from the culture supernatant by three steps, and its molecular mass was determined to be 5,516.6 Da by mass spectrometry. 25956765 3 17 theme amino 406:410 arg1 residues 417:424 67 amino acid residues 403:424 67 amino acid residues 403:424 Amino acid and DNA sequencing showed that the propeptide consists of 67 amino acid residues, with a leader peptide containing a double glycine cleavage site to produce a 47-amino-acid mature peptide. 25956765 0 18 theme Enterocin 0:8 arg1 F4-9 10:13 Enterocin F4-9 0:13 Enterocin F4-9 0:13 Enterocin F4-9, a Novel O-Linked Glycosylated Bacteriocin. 25956765 0 18 theme Enterocin 0:8 arg1 Bacteriocin 46:56 a Novel O-Linked Glycosylated Bacteriocin 16:56 a Novel O-Linked Glycosylated Bacteriocin 16:56 Enterocin F4-9, a Novel O-Linked Glycosylated Bacteriocin. 25956765 4 19 theme Enterocin 534:542 arg1 F4-9 544:547 Enterocin F4-9 534:547 Enterocin F4-9 534:547 Enterocin F4-9 is modified by two molecules of N-acetylglucosamine β-O-linked to Ser37 and Thr46. 25956765 6 20 theme cluster 782:788 arg1 analysis 746:753 Further analysis 738:753 Further analysis of the enterocin F4-9 gene cluster 738:788 Further analysis of the enterocin F4-9 gene cluster identified enfC, which has high sequence similarity to a glycosyltransferase. 25956765 3 21 theme acid 412:415 arg1 residues 417:424 67 amino acid residues 403:424 67 amino acid residues 403:424 Amino acid and DNA sequencing showed that the propeptide consists of 67 amino acid residues, with a leader peptide containing a double glycine cleavage site to produce a 47-amino-acid mature peptide. 25956765 8 22 theme pH 1082:1083 arg1 range 1085:1089 a wide pH range 1075:1089 a wide pH range 1075:1089 Enterocin F4-9 is sensitive to protease, active at a wide pH range, and moderately resistant to heat. 25956765 8 23 theme Enterocin 1024:1032 arg1 F4-9 1034:1037 Enterocin F4-9 1024:1037 Enterocin F4-9 1024:1037 Enterocin F4-9 is sensitive to protease, active at a wide pH range, and moderately resistant to heat. 25956765 5 24 theme antimicrobial 696:708 arg1 activity 710:717 the antimicrobial activity 692:717 the antimicrobial activity of enterocin F4-9 692:735 The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine moieties are essential for the antimicrobial activity of enterocin F4-9. 25956765 6 25 theme gene 777:780 arg1 cluster 782:788 the enterocin F4-9 gene cluster 758:788 the enterocin F4-9 gene cluster 758:788 Further analysis of the enterocin F4-9 gene cluster identified enfC, which has high sequence similarity to a glycosyltransferase. 25956765 1 26 theme Egyptian 100:107 arg1 fish 126:129 Egyptian salted-fermented fish 100:129 Egyptian salted-fermented fish 100:129 Enterococcus faecalis F4-9 isolated from Egyptian salted-fermented fish produces a novel bacteriocin, termed enterocin F4-9. 25956765 7 27 dep strain 992:997 arg1 JM109 1017:1021 JM109 1017:1021 JM109 1017:1021 The antimicrobial activity of enterocin F4-9 covered a limited range of bacteria, including, interestingly, a Gram-negative strain, Escherichia coli JM109. 25956765 3 28 theme leader 434:439 arg1 peptide 441:447 a leader peptide 432:447 a leader peptide containing a double glycine cleavage site to produce a 47-amino-acid mature peptide 432:531 Amino acid and DNA sequencing showed that the propeptide consists of 67 amino acid residues, with a leader peptide containing a double glycine cleavage site to produce a 47-amino-acid mature peptide. 25956765 1 29 theme salted-fermented 109:124 arg1 fish 126:129 Egyptian salted-fermented fish 100:129 Egyptian salted-fermented fish 100:129 Enterococcus faecalis F4-9 isolated from Egyptian salted-fermented fish produces a novel bacteriocin, termed enterocin F4-9. 25956765 0 30 theme O-Linked 24:31 arg1 F4-9 10:13 Enterocin F4-9 0:13 Enterocin F4-9 0:13 Enterocin F4-9, a Novel O-Linked Glycosylated Bacteriocin. 25956765 0 30 theme O-Linked 24:31 arg1 Bacteriocin 46:56 a Novel O-Linked Glycosylated Bacteriocin 16:56 a Novel O-Linked Glycosylated Bacteriocin 16:56 Enterocin F4-9, a Novel O-Linked Glycosylated Bacteriocin. 25956765 2 31 theme Enterocin 184:192 arg1 F4-9 194:197 Enterocin F4-9 184:197 Enterocin F4-9 184:197 Enterocin F4-9 was purified from the culture supernatant by three steps, and its molecular mass was determined to be 5,516.6 Da by mass spectrometry. 25956765 0 32 theme Novel 18:22 arg1 F4-9 10:13 Enterocin F4-9 0:13 Enterocin F4-9 0:13 Enterocin F4-9, a Novel O-Linked Glycosylated Bacteriocin. 25956765 0 32 theme Novel 18:22 arg1 Bacteriocin 46:56 a Novel O-Linked Glycosylated Bacteriocin 16:56 a Novel O-Linked Glycosylated Bacteriocin 16:56 Enterocin F4-9, a Novel O-Linked Glycosylated Bacteriocin. 25956765 5 33 theme enterocin 722:730 arg1 F4-9 732:735 enterocin F4-9 722:735 enterocin F4-9 722:735 The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine moieties are essential for the antimicrobial activity of enterocin F4-9. 25956765 6 34 theme F4-9 772:775 arg1 cluster 782:788 the enterocin F4-9 gene cluster 758:788 the enterocin F4-9 gene cluster 758:788 Further analysis of the enterocin F4-9 gene cluster identified enfC, which has high sequence similarity to a glycosyltransferase. 25956765 5 35 link O-linked 636:643 arg1 essential 678:686 essential 678:686 essential 678:686 The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine moieties are essential for the antimicrobial activity of enterocin F4-9. 25956765 5 35 link O-linked 636:643 arg1 moieties 665:672 The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine moieties 632:672 The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine moieties 632:672 The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine moieties are essential for the antimicrobial activity of enterocin F4-9. 25956765 1 36 attach isolated 86:93 arg1 fish 126:129 Egyptian salted-fermented fish 100:129 Egyptian salted-fermented fish 100:129 Enterococcus faecalis F4-9 isolated from Egyptian salted-fermented fish produces a novel bacteriocin, termed enterocin F4-9. 25956765 1 36 attach isolated 86:93 arg2 faecalis 72:79 Enterococcus faecalis F4-9 59:84 Enterococcus faecalis F4-9 isolated from Egyptian salted-fermented fish 59:129 Enterococcus faecalis F4-9 isolated from Egyptian salted-fermented fish produces a novel bacteriocin, termed enterocin F4-9. 25956765 6 37 theme enterocin 762:770 arg1 cluster 782:788 the enterocin F4-9 gene cluster 758:788 the enterocin F4-9 gene cluster 758:788 Further analysis of the enterocin F4-9 gene cluster identified enfC, which has high sequence similarity to a glycosyltransferase. 25956765 3 38 theme double 462:467 arg1 site 486:489 a double glycine cleavage site 460:489 a double glycine cleavage site to produce a 47-amino-acid mature peptide 460:531 Amino acid and DNA sequencing showed that the propeptide consists of 67 amino acid residues, with a leader peptide containing a double glycine cleavage site to produce a 47-amino-acid mature peptide. 25956765 0 39 theme Glycosylated 33:44 arg1 F4-9 10:13 Enterocin F4-9 0:13 Enterocin F4-9 0:13 Enterocin F4-9, a Novel O-Linked Glycosylated Bacteriocin. 25956765 0 39 theme Glycosylated 33:44 arg1 Bacteriocin 46:56 a Novel O-Linked Glycosylated Bacteriocin 16:56 a Novel O-Linked Glycosylated Bacteriocin 16:56 Enterocin F4-9, a Novel O-Linked Glycosylated Bacteriocin. 25956765 8 40 theme wide 1077:1080 arg1 range 1085:1089 a wide pH range 1075:1089 a wide pH range 1075:1089 Enterocin F4-9 is sensitive to protease, active at a wide pH range, and moderately resistant to heat. 25956765 6 41 theme a 845:845 arg1 glycosyltransferase 847:865 a glycosyltransferase 845:865 a glycosyltransferase 845:865 Further analysis of the enterocin F4-9 gene cluster identified enfC, which has high sequence similarity to a glycosyltransferase. 25956765 2 42 theme culture 221:227 arg1 supernatant 229:239 the culture supernatant 217:239 the culture supernatant 217:239 Enterocin F4-9 was purified from the culture supernatant by three steps, and its molecular mass was determined to be 5,516.6 Da by mass spectrometry. 25956765 3 43 theme glycine 469:475 arg1 site 486:489 a double glycine cleavage site 460:489 a double glycine cleavage site to produce a 47-amino-acid mature peptide 460:531 Amino acid and DNA sequencing showed that the propeptide consists of 67 amino acid residues, with a leader peptide containing a double glycine cleavage site to produce a 47-amino-acid mature peptide. 25956765 7 44 theme limited 923:929 arg1 strain 992:997 a Gram-negative strain 976:997 a Gram-negative strain 976:997 The antimicrobial activity of enterocin F4-9 covered a limited range of bacteria, including, interestingly, a Gram-negative strain, Escherichia coli JM109. 25956765 7 44 theme limited 923:929 arg1 range 931:935 a limited range 921:935 a limited range of bacteria, including, interestingly, a Gram-negative strain, Escherichia coli JM109 921:1021 The antimicrobial activity of enterocin F4-9 covered a limited range of bacteria, including, interestingly, a Gram-negative strain, Escherichia coli JM109. 25956765 7 45 theme bacteria 940:947 arg1 strain 992:997 a Gram-negative strain 976:997 a Gram-negative strain 976:997 The antimicrobial activity of enterocin F4-9 covered a limited range of bacteria, including, interestingly, a Gram-negative strain, Escherichia coli JM109. 25956765 7 45 theme bacteria 940:947 arg1 range 931:935 a limited range 921:935 a limited range of bacteria, including, interestingly, a Gram-negative strain, Escherichia coli JM109 921:1021 The antimicrobial activity of enterocin F4-9 covered a limited range of bacteria, including, interestingly, a Gram-negative strain, Escherichia coli JM109. 25956765 2 46 theme mass 315:318 arg1 spectrometry 320:331 mass spectrometry 315:331 mass spectrometry 315:331 Enterocin F4-9 was purified from the culture supernatant by three steps, and its molecular mass was determined to be 5,516.6 Da by mass spectrometry. 25956765 4 47 theme N-acetylglucosamine 581:599 arg1 molecules 568:576 two molecules 564:576 two molecules of N-acetylglucosamine β-O-linked to Ser37 and Thr46 564:629 Enterocin F4-9 is modified by two molecules of N-acetylglucosamine β-O-linked to Ser37 and Thr46. 25956765 3 48 theme 47-amino-acid 504:516 arg1 peptide 525:531 a 47-amino-acid mature peptide 502:531 a 47-amino-acid mature peptide 502:531 Amino acid and DNA sequencing showed that the propeptide consists of 67 amino acid residues, with a leader peptide containing a double glycine cleavage site to produce a 47-amino-acid mature peptide. 25956765 1 49 theme novel 142:146 arg1 bacteriocin 148:158 a novel bacteriocin 140:158 a novel bacteriocin 140:158 Enterococcus faecalis F4-9 isolated from Egyptian salted-fermented fish produces a novel bacteriocin, termed enterocin F4-9. 25956765 6 50 theme sequence 822:829 arg1 similarity 831:840 high sequence similarity 817:840 high sequence similarity to a glycosyltransferase 817:865 Further analysis of the enterocin F4-9 gene cluster identified enfC, which has high sequence similarity to a glycosyltransferase. 25956765 6 51 theme Further 738:744 arg1 analysis 746:753 Further analysis 738:753 Further analysis of the enterocin F4-9 gene cluster 738:788 Further analysis of the enterocin F4-9 gene cluster identified enfC, which has high sequence similarity to a glycosyltransferase. 25956765 7 52 theme Gram-negative 978:990 arg1 strain 992:997 a Gram-negative strain 976:997 a Gram-negative strain 976:997 The antimicrobial activity of enterocin F4-9 covered a limited range of bacteria, including, interestingly, a Gram-negative strain, Escherichia coli JM109. 25956765 8 53 from range 1085:1089 arg1 active 1065:1070 active 1065:1070 active 1065:1070 Enterocin F4-9 is sensitive to protease, active at a wide pH range, and moderately resistant to heat. 25956765 7 54 theme enterocin 898:906 arg1 F4-9 908:911 enterocin F4-9 898:911 enterocin F4-9 898:911 The antimicrobial activity of enterocin F4-9 covered a limited range of bacteria, including, interestingly, a Gram-negative strain, Escherichia coli JM109. 25956765 4 55 theme β-O-linked 601:610 arg1 molecules 568:576 two molecules 564:576 two molecules of N-acetylglucosamine β-O-linked to Ser37 and Thr46 564:629 Enterocin F4-9 is modified by two molecules of N-acetylglucosamine β-O-linked to Ser37 and Thr46. 26605545 0 0 theme Offspring 42:50 arg1 Susceptibility 52:65 Offspring Susceptibility 42:65 Offspring Susceptibility to Experimental Colitis 42:89 Antepartum Antibiotic Treatment Increases Offspring Susceptibility to Experimental Colitis: A Role of the Gut Microbiota. 26605545 10 1 theme functional 1519:1528 arg1 pathways 1530:1537 microbial functional pathways 1509:1537 microbial functional pathways 1509:1537 In addition, ATB decreased fecal microbial richness, changed fecal and colon microbial composition, which was accompanied by a modification of microbial functional pathways. 26605545 7 2 theme genus 1046:1050 arg1 levels 1052:1057 the phylum and genus levels 1031:1057 levels 1052:1057 Alpha-, beta-diversity and differences at the phylum and genus levels were determined, while functional pathways of classified bacteria were predicted. 26605545 1 3 theme intestinal 250:259 arg1 colonization 261:272 intestinal colonization 250:272 intestinal colonization 250:272 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Postnatal maturation of the immune system is largely driven by exposure to microbes, and thus the nature of intestinal colonization may be associated with development of childhood diseases that may persist into adulthood. 26605545 7 4 theme phylum 1035:1040 arg1 levels 1052:1057 the phylum and genus levels 1031:1057 levels 1052:1057 Alpha-, beta-diversity and differences at the phylum and genus levels were determined, while functional pathways of classified bacteria were predicted. 26605545 7 5 theme bacteria 1116:1123 arg1 pathways 1093:1100 functional pathways 1082:1100 functional pathways of classified bacteria 1082:1123 Alpha-, beta-diversity and differences at the phylum and genus levels were determined, while functional pathways of classified bacteria were predicted. 26605545 1 6 theme system 177:182 arg1 maturation 152:161 Postnatal maturation 142:161 Postnatal maturation of the immune system 142:182 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Postnatal maturation of the immune system is largely driven by exposure to microbes, and thus the nature of intestinal colonization may be associated with development of childhood diseases that may persist into adulthood. 26605545 12 7 theme offspring 1697:1705 arg1 colonization 1728:1739 offspring intestinal bacterial colonization 1697:1739 offspring intestinal bacterial colonization 1697:1739 CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that antepartum antibiotics modulate offspring intestinal bacterial colonization and increase susceptibility to develop colonic inflammation in a murine model of colitis, and may guide future interventions to restore physiologic intestinal colonization in offspring born by antibiotic-exposed mothers. 26605545 8 8 theme bacterial 1202:1210 arg1 pathways 1223:1230 bacterial functional pathways 1202:1230 bacterial functional pathways 1202:1230 RESULTS ATB influenced fecal bacterial composition and hence bacterial functional pathways before induction of colitis. 26605545 12 9 theme bacterial 1718:1726 arg1 colonization 1728:1739 offspring intestinal bacterial colonization 1697:1739 offspring intestinal bacterial colonization 1697:1739 CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that antepartum antibiotics modulate offspring intestinal bacterial colonization and increase susceptibility to develop colonic inflammation in a murine model of colitis, and may guide future interventions to restore physiologic intestinal colonization in offspring born by antibiotic-exposed mothers. 26605545 5 10 theme Disease 810:816 arg1 index 827:831 Disease activity index 810:831 Disease activity index 810:831 Disease activity index, histology, colonic IL-6, IL-1β and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined. 26605545 8 11 theme bacterial 1170:1178 arg1 composition 1180:1190 fecal bacterial composition 1164:1190 fecal bacterial composition 1164:1190 RESULTS ATB influenced fecal bacterial composition and hence bacterial functional pathways before induction of colitis. 26605545 8 12 theme colitis 1252:1258 arg1 induction 1239:1247 induction 1239:1247 induction of colitis 1239:1258 RESULTS ATB influenced fecal bacterial composition and hence bacterial functional pathways before induction of colitis. 26605545 3 13 theme body 599:602 arg1 weight 604:609 160 mg/kg body weight 589:609 160 mg/kg body weight 589:609 METHODS Pregnant C57Bl/6 mice were treated with cefazolin at 160 mg/kg body weight or with saline starting six days before due date. 26605545 12 14 theme antepartum 1665:1674 arg1 antibiotics 1676:1686 antepartum antibiotics 1665:1686 antepartum antibiotics 1665:1686 CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that antepartum antibiotics modulate offspring intestinal bacterial colonization and increase susceptibility to develop colonic inflammation in a murine model of colitis, and may guide future interventions to restore physiologic intestinal colonization in offspring born by antibiotic-exposed mothers. 26605545 5 15 theme C-reactive 875:884 arg1 CRP 895:897 CRP 895:897 CRP 895:897 Disease activity index, histology, colonic IL-6, IL-1β and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined. 26605545 5 15 theme C-reactive 875:884 arg1 protein 886:892 serum C-reactive protein 869:892 serum C-reactive protein (CRP) 869:898 Disease activity index, histology, colonic IL-6, IL-1β and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined. 26605545 6 16 theme bacterial 955:963 arg1 rRNA 969:972 colonic and fecal bacterial 16S rRNA 937:972 colonic and fecal bacterial 16S rRNA 937:972 The V3-V4 region of colonic and fecal bacterial 16S rRNA was sequenced. 26605545 2 17 theme gut 512:514 arg1 microbiota 516:525 the gut microbiota 508:525 the gut microbiota 508:525 We investigated whether antepartum antibiotic (ATB) therapy can increase offspring susceptibility to experimental colitis through alteration of the gut microbiota. 26605545 4 18 theme fecal 673:677 arg1 samples 679:685 fecal samples 673:685 fecal samples 673:685 At 7 weeks, fecal samples were collected from male offspring after which they received 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 5 days. 26605545 1 19 theme diseases 322:329 arg1 development 297:307 development 297:307 development of childhood diseases that may persist into adulthood 297:361 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Postnatal maturation of the immune system is largely driven by exposure to microbes, and thus the nature of intestinal colonization may be associated with development of childhood diseases that may persist into adulthood. 26605545 5 20 theme colonic 845:851 arg1 IL-6 853:856 colonic IL-6 845:856 colonic IL-6 845:856 Disease activity index, histology, colonic IL-6, IL-1β and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined. 26605545 10 21 theme fecal 1393:1397 arg1 richness 1409:1416 fecal microbial richness 1393:1416 fecal microbial richness 1393:1416 In addition, ATB decreased fecal microbial richness, changed fecal and colon microbial composition, which was accompanied by a modification of microbial functional pathways. 26605545 4 22 theme % 749:749 arg1 DSS 775:777 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) 748:778 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 5 days 748:807 At 7 weeks, fecal samples were collected from male offspring after which they received 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 5 days. 26605545 6 23 theme V3-V4 921:925 arg1 region 927:932 The V3-V4 region 917:932 The V3-V4 region of colonic and fecal bacterial 16S rRNA 917:972 The V3-V4 region of colonic and fecal bacterial 16S rRNA was sequenced. 26605545 4 24 theme sulfate 759:765 arg1 DSS 775:777 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) 748:778 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 5 days 748:807 At 7 weeks, fecal samples were collected from male offspring after which they received 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 5 days. 26605545 2 25 theme antibiotic 399:408 arg1 therapy 416:422 antepartum antibiotic (ATB) therapy 388:422 antepartum antibiotic (ATB) therapy 388:422 We investigated whether antepartum antibiotic (ATB) therapy can increase offspring susceptibility to experimental colitis through alteration of the gut microbiota. 26605545 0 26 theme Gut 106:108 arg1 Microbiota 110:119 the Gut Microbiota 102:119 the Gut Microbiota 102:119 Antepartum Antibiotic Treatment Increases Offspring Susceptibility to Experimental Colitis: A Role of the Gut Microbiota. 26605545 9 27 theme colitis 1280:1286 arg1 induction 1267:1275 induction 1267:1275 induction of colitis 1267:1286 After induction of colitis, ATB increased onset of clinical disease, histologic score, and colonic IL-6. 26605545 0 28 theme Antepartum 0:9 arg1 Treatment 22:30 Antepartum Antibiotic Treatment 0:30 Antepartum Antibiotic Treatment 0:30 Antepartum Antibiotic Treatment Increases Offspring Susceptibility to Experimental Colitis: A Role of the Gut Microbiota. 26605545 1 29 theme colonization 261:272 arg1 nature 240:245 the nature 236:245 the nature of intestinal colonization 236:272 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Postnatal maturation of the immune system is largely driven by exposure to microbes, and thus the nature of intestinal colonization may be associated with development of childhood diseases that may persist into adulthood. 26605545 12 30 theme intestinal 1889:1898 arg1 colonization 1900:1911 physiologic intestinal colonization 1877:1911 physiologic intestinal colonization 1877:1911 CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that antepartum antibiotics modulate offspring intestinal bacterial colonization and increase susceptibility to develop colonic inflammation in a murine model of colitis, and may guide future interventions to restore physiologic intestinal colonization in offspring born by antibiotic-exposed mothers. 26605545 10 31 theme microbial 1443:1451 arg1 composition 1453:1463 colon microbial composition 1437:1463 colon microbial composition 1437:1463 In addition, ATB decreased fecal microbial richness, changed fecal and colon microbial composition, which was accompanied by a modification of microbial functional pathways. 26605545 4 32 theme drinking 783:790 arg1 water 792:796 drinking water 783:796 drinking water 783:796 At 7 weeks, fecal samples were collected from male offspring after which they received 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 5 days. 26605545 2 33 theme ATB 411:413 arg1 therapy 416:422 antepartum antibiotic (ATB) therapy 388:422 antepartum antibiotic (ATB) therapy 388:422 We investigated whether antepartum antibiotic (ATB) therapy can increase offspring susceptibility to experimental colitis through alteration of the gut microbiota. 26605545 5 34 theme activity 818:825 arg1 index 827:831 Disease activity index 810:831 Disease activity index 810:831 Disease activity index, histology, colonic IL-6, IL-1β and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined. 26605545 9 35 theme clinical 1312:1319 arg1 disease 1321:1327 clinical disease 1312:1327 clinical disease 1312:1327 After induction of colitis, ATB increased onset of clinical disease, histologic score, and colonic IL-6. 26605545 7 36 theme functional 1082:1091 arg1 pathways 1093:1100 functional pathways 1082:1100 functional pathways of classified bacteria 1082:1123 Alpha-, beta-diversity and differences at the phylum and genus levels were determined, while functional pathways of classified bacteria were predicted. 26605545 12 37 theme murine 1806:1811 arg1 model 1813:1817 a murine model 1804:1817 a murine model of colitis 1804:1828 CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that antepartum antibiotics modulate offspring intestinal bacterial colonization and increase susceptibility to develop colonic inflammation in a murine model of colitis, and may guide future interventions to restore physiologic intestinal colonization in offspring born by antibiotic-exposed mothers. 26605545 6 38 theme rRNA 969:972 arg1 region 927:932 The V3-V4 region 917:932 The V3-V4 region of colonic and fecal bacterial 16S rRNA 917:972 The V3-V4 region of colonic and fecal bacterial 16S rRNA was sequenced. 26605545 2 39 theme experimental 465:476 arg1 colitis 478:484 experimental colitis 465:484 experimental colitis 465:484 We investigated whether antepartum antibiotic (ATB) therapy can increase offspring susceptibility to experimental colitis through alteration of the gut microbiota. 26605545 11 40 theme several 1546:1552 arg1 taxa 1554:1557 several taxa 1546:1557 several taxa 1546:1557 Also, several taxa were associated with ATB at lower taxonomical levels. 26605545 12 41 theme colitis 1822:1828 arg1 model 1813:1817 a murine model 1804:1817 a murine model of colitis 1804:1828 CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that antepartum antibiotics modulate offspring intestinal bacterial colonization and increase susceptibility to develop colonic inflammation in a murine model of colitis, and may guide future interventions to restore physiologic intestinal colonization in offspring born by antibiotic-exposed mothers. 26605545 9 42 theme score 1341:1345 arg1 onset 1303:1307 onset 1303:1307 onset of clinical disease, histologic score, and colonic IL-6 1303:1363 After induction of colitis, ATB increased onset of clinical disease, histologic score, and colonic IL-6. 26605545 12 43 theme colonic 1780:1786 arg1 inflammation 1788:1799 colonic inflammation 1780:1799 colonic inflammation 1780:1799 CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that antepartum antibiotics modulate offspring intestinal bacterial colonization and increase susceptibility to develop colonic inflammation in a murine model of colitis, and may guide future interventions to restore physiologic intestinal colonization in offspring born by antibiotic-exposed mothers. 26605545 12 44 dep CONCLUSIONS 1613:1623 arg1 support 1637:1643 support 1637:1643 support the hypothesis that antepartum antibiotics modulate offspring intestinal bacterial colonization and increase susceptibility to develop colonic inflammation in a murine model of colitis 1637:1828 CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that antepartum antibiotics modulate offspring intestinal bacterial colonization and increase susceptibility to develop colonic inflammation in a murine model of colitis, and may guide future interventions to restore physiologic intestinal colonization in offspring born by antibiotic-exposed mothers. 26605545 12 44 dep CONCLUSIONS 1613:1623 arg1 guide 1839:1843 guide 1839:1843 may guide future interventions to restore physiologic intestinal colonization in offspring born by antibiotic-exposed mothers 1835:1959 CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that antepartum antibiotics modulate offspring intestinal bacterial colonization and increase susceptibility to develop colonic inflammation in a murine model of colitis, and may guide future interventions to restore physiologic intestinal colonization in offspring born by antibiotic-exposed mothers. 26605545 11 45 theme taxonomical 1593:1603 arg1 levels 1605:1610 lower taxonomical levels 1587:1610 lower taxonomical levels 1587:1610 Also, several taxa were associated with ATB at lower taxonomical levels. 26605545 9 46 theme IL-6 1360:1363 arg1 onset 1303:1307 onset 1303:1307 onset of clinical disease, histologic score, and colonic IL-6 1303:1363 After induction of colitis, ATB increased onset of clinical disease, histologic score, and colonic IL-6. 26605545 10 47 theme pathways 1530:1537 arg1 modification 1493:1504 a modification 1491:1504 a modification of microbial functional pathways 1491:1537 In addition, ATB decreased fecal microbial richness, changed fecal and colon microbial composition, which was accompanied by a modification of microbial functional pathways. 26605545 10 48 theme microbial 1509:1517 arg1 pathways 1530:1537 microbial functional pathways 1509:1537 microbial functional pathways 1509:1537 In addition, ATB decreased fecal microbial richness, changed fecal and colon microbial composition, which was accompanied by a modification of microbial functional pathways. 26605545 3 49 theme C57Bl/6 545:551 arg1 mice 553:556 Pregnant C57Bl/6 mice 536:556 Pregnant C57Bl/6 mice 536:556 METHODS Pregnant C57Bl/6 mice were treated with cefazolin at 160 mg/kg body weight or with saline starting six days before due date. 26605545 1 50 theme immune 170:175 arg1 system 177:182 the immune system 166:182 the immune system 166:182 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Postnatal maturation of the immune system is largely driven by exposure to microbes, and thus the nature of intestinal colonization may be associated with development of childhood diseases that may persist into adulthood. 26605545 12 51 theme intestinal 1707:1716 arg1 colonization 1728:1739 offspring intestinal bacterial colonization 1697:1739 offspring intestinal bacterial colonization 1697:1739 CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that antepartum antibiotics modulate offspring intestinal bacterial colonization and increase susceptibility to develop colonic inflammation in a murine model of colitis, and may guide future interventions to restore physiologic intestinal colonization in offspring born by antibiotic-exposed mothers. 26605545 8 52 theme functional 1212:1221 arg1 pathways 1223:1230 bacterial functional pathways 1202:1230 bacterial functional pathways 1202:1230 RESULTS ATB influenced fecal bacterial composition and hence bacterial functional pathways before induction of colitis. 26605545 12 53 theme antibiotic-exposed 1934:1951 arg1 mothers 1953:1959 antibiotic-exposed mothers 1934:1959 antibiotic-exposed mothers 1934:1959 CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that antepartum antibiotics modulate offspring intestinal bacterial colonization and increase susceptibility to develop colonic inflammation in a murine model of colitis, and may guide future interventions to restore physiologic intestinal colonization in offspring born by antibiotic-exposed mothers. 26605545 1 54 theme childhood 312:320 arg1 diseases 322:329 childhood diseases 312:329 childhood diseases that may persist into adulthood 312:361 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Postnatal maturation of the immune system is largely driven by exposure to microbes, and thus the nature of intestinal colonization may be associated with development of childhood diseases that may persist into adulthood. 26605545 3 55 theme mg/kg 593:597 arg1 weight 604:609 160 mg/kg body weight 589:609 160 mg/kg body weight 589:609 METHODS Pregnant C57Bl/6 mice were treated with cefazolin at 160 mg/kg body weight or with saline starting six days before due date. 26605545 8 56 theme fecal 1164:1168 arg1 composition 1180:1190 fecal bacterial composition 1164:1190 fecal bacterial composition 1164:1190 RESULTS ATB influenced fecal bacterial composition and hence bacterial functional pathways before induction of colitis. 26605545 5 57 theme serum 869:873 arg1 CRP 895:897 CRP 895:897 CRP 895:897 Disease activity index, histology, colonic IL-6, IL-1β and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined. 26605545 5 57 theme serum 869:873 arg1 protein 886:892 serum C-reactive protein 869:892 serum C-reactive protein (CRP) 869:898 Disease activity index, histology, colonic IL-6, IL-1β and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined. 26605545 6 58 theme 16S 965:967 arg1 rRNA 969:972 colonic and fecal bacterial 16S rRNA 937:972 colonic and fecal bacterial 16S rRNA 937:972 The V3-V4 region of colonic and fecal bacterial 16S rRNA was sequenced. 26605545 4 59 theme male 707:710 arg1 offspring 712:720 male offspring 707:720 male offspring after which they received 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 5 days 707:807 At 7 weeks, fecal samples were collected from male offspring after which they received 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 5 days. 26605545 4 60 from DSS 775:777 arg1 water 792:796 drinking water 783:796 drinking water 783:796 At 7 weeks, fecal samples were collected from male offspring after which they received 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 5 days. 26605545 1 61 theme Postnatal 142:150 arg1 maturation 152:161 Postnatal maturation 142:161 Postnatal maturation of the immune system 142:182 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Postnatal maturation of the immune system is largely driven by exposure to microbes, and thus the nature of intestinal colonization may be associated with development of childhood diseases that may persist into adulthood. 26605545 6 62 theme fecal 949:953 arg1 rRNA 969:972 colonic and fecal bacterial 16S rRNA 937:972 colonic and fecal bacterial 16S rRNA 937:972 The V3-V4 region of colonic and fecal bacterial 16S rRNA was sequenced. 26605545 6 63 theme colonic 937:943 arg1 rRNA 969:972 colonic and fecal bacterial 16S rRNA 937:972 colonic and fecal bacterial 16S rRNA 937:972 The V3-V4 region of colonic and fecal bacterial 16S rRNA was sequenced. 26605545 4 64 theme 4 748:748 arg1 % 749:749 % 749:749 % 749:749 At 7 weeks, fecal samples were collected from male offspring after which they received 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 5 days. 26605545 0 65 theme Microbiota 110:119 arg1 Role 94:97 A Role 92:97 A Role of the Gut Microbiota 92:119 Antepartum Antibiotic Treatment Increases Offspring Susceptibility to Experimental Colitis: A Role of the Gut Microbiota. 26605545 12 66 theme physiologic 1877:1887 arg1 colonization 1900:1911 physiologic intestinal colonization 1877:1911 physiologic intestinal colonization 1877:1911 CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that antepartum antibiotics modulate offspring intestinal bacterial colonization and increase susceptibility to develop colonic inflammation in a murine model of colitis, and may guide future interventions to restore physiologic intestinal colonization in offspring born by antibiotic-exposed mothers. 26605545 2 67 theme microbiota 516:525 arg1 alteration 494:503 alteration 494:503 alteration of the gut microbiota 494:525 We investigated whether antepartum antibiotic (ATB) therapy can increase offspring susceptibility to experimental colitis through alteration of the gut microbiota. 26605545 1 68 dep BACKGROUND 122:131 arg1 driven 195:200 driven 195:200 is largely driven by exposure to microbes 184:224 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Postnatal maturation of the immune system is largely driven by exposure to microbes, and thus the nature of intestinal colonization may be associated with development of childhood diseases that may persist into adulthood. 26605545 2 69 theme antepartum 388:397 arg1 therapy 416:422 antepartum antibiotic (ATB) therapy 388:422 antepartum antibiotic (ATB) therapy 388:422 We investigated whether antepartum antibiotic (ATB) therapy can increase offspring susceptibility to experimental colitis through alteration of the gut microbiota. 26605545 0 70 theme Antibiotic 11:20 arg1 Treatment 22:30 Antepartum Antibiotic Treatment 0:30 Antepartum Antibiotic Treatment 0:30 Antepartum Antibiotic Treatment Increases Offspring Susceptibility to Experimental Colitis: A Role of the Gut Microbiota. 26605545 2 71 theme offspring 437:445 arg1 susceptibility 447:460 offspring susceptibility 437:460 offspring susceptibility to experimental colitis 437:484 We investigated whether antepartum antibiotic (ATB) therapy can increase offspring susceptibility to experimental colitis through alteration of the gut microbiota. 26605545 10 72 theme microbial 1399:1407 arg1 richness 1409:1416 fecal microbial richness 1393:1416 fecal microbial richness 1393:1416 In addition, ATB decreased fecal microbial richness, changed fecal and colon microbial composition, which was accompanied by a modification of microbial functional pathways. 26605545 12 73 theme future 1845:1850 arg1 interventions 1852:1864 future interventions 1845:1864 future interventions 1845:1864 CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that antepartum antibiotics modulate offspring intestinal bacterial colonization and increase susceptibility to develop colonic inflammation in a murine model of colitis, and may guide future interventions to restore physiologic intestinal colonization in offspring born by antibiotic-exposed mothers. 26605545 3 74 dep METHODS 528:534 arg1 treated 563:569 treated 563:569 were treated with cefazolin at 160 mg/kg body weight or with saline starting six days before due date 558:658 METHODS Pregnant C57Bl/6 mice were treated with cefazolin at 160 mg/kg body weight or with saline starting six days before due date. 26605545 10 75 theme colon 1437:1441 arg1 composition 1453:1463 colon microbial composition 1437:1463 colon microbial composition 1437:1463 In addition, ATB decreased fecal microbial richness, changed fecal and colon microbial composition, which was accompanied by a modification of microbial functional pathways. 26605545 3 76 theme due 651:653 arg1 date 655:658 due date 651:658 due date 651:658 METHODS Pregnant C57Bl/6 mice were treated with cefazolin at 160 mg/kg body weight or with saline starting six days before due date. 26605545 0 77 theme Experimental 70:81 arg1 Colitis 83:89 Experimental Colitis 70:89 Experimental Colitis 70:89 Antepartum Antibiotic Treatment Increases Offspring Susceptibility to Experimental Colitis: A Role of the Gut Microbiota. 26605545 9 78 theme disease 1321:1327 arg1 onset 1303:1307 onset 1303:1307 onset of clinical disease, histologic score, and colonic IL-6 1303:1363 After induction of colitis, ATB increased onset of clinical disease, histologic score, and colonic IL-6. 26605545 7 79 from levels 1052:1057 arg1 differences 1016:1026 differences 1016:1026 differences 1016:1026 Alpha-, beta-diversity and differences at the phylum and genus levels were determined, while functional pathways of classified bacteria were predicted. 26605545 7 79 from levels 1052:1057 arg1 beta-diversity 997:1010 beta-diversity 997:1010 beta-diversity 997:1010 Alpha-, beta-diversity and differences at the phylum and genus levels were determined, while functional pathways of classified bacteria were predicted. 26605545 7 79 from levels 1052:1057 arg1 Alpha- 989:994 Alpha- 989:994 Alpha- 989:994 Alpha-, beta-diversity and differences at the phylum and genus levels were determined, while functional pathways of classified bacteria were predicted. 26605545 9 80 theme histologic 1330:1339 arg1 score 1341:1345 histologic score 1330:1345 histologic score 1330:1345 After induction of colitis, ATB increased onset of clinical disease, histologic score, and colonic IL-6. 26605545 0 81 dep Increases 32:40 arg1 Role 94:97 A Role 92:97 A Role of the Gut Microbiota 92:119 Antepartum Antibiotic Treatment Increases Offspring Susceptibility to Experimental Colitis: A Role of the Gut Microbiota. 26605545 4 82 theme dextran 751:757 arg1 DSS 775:777 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) 748:778 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 5 days 748:807 At 7 weeks, fecal samples were collected from male offspring after which they received 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 5 days. 26605545 4 83 theme sodium 767:772 arg1 DSS 775:777 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) 748:778 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 5 days 748:807 At 7 weeks, fecal samples were collected from male offspring after which they received 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 5 days. 26605545 3 84 theme Pregnant 536:543 arg1 mice 553:556 Pregnant C57Bl/6 mice 536:556 Pregnant C57Bl/6 mice 536:556 METHODS Pregnant C57Bl/6 mice were treated with cefazolin at 160 mg/kg body weight or with saline starting six days before due date. 26605545 11 85 theme lower 1587:1591 arg1 levels 1605:1610 lower taxonomical levels 1587:1610 lower taxonomical levels 1587:1610 Also, several taxa were associated with ATB at lower taxonomical levels. 26605545 7 86 theme classified 1105:1114 arg1 bacteria 1116:1123 classified bacteria 1105:1123 classified bacteria 1105:1123 Alpha-, beta-diversity and differences at the phylum and genus levels were determined, while functional pathways of classified bacteria were predicted. 26605545 9 87 theme colonic 1352:1358 arg1 IL-6 1360:1363 colonic IL-6 1352:1363 colonic IL-6 1352:1363 After induction of colitis, ATB increased onset of clinical disease, histologic score, and colonic IL-6. 26075789 0 0 from O-GlcNAcylation 21:35 arg1 cells 50:54 mammalian cells 40:54 mammalian cells 40:54 Undetectable histone O-GlcNAcylation in mammalian cells. 26075789 3 1 theme potential 549:557 arg1 role 559:562 a potential role 547:562 a potential role in directly coordinating chromatin structure and function 547:620 Recently, OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation was reported to be a novel histone modification, suggesting a potential role in directly coordinating chromatin structure and function. 26075789 4 2 from cells 748:752 arg1 undetectable 722:733 undetectable 722:733 undetectable 722:733 In contrast, using multiple biochemical approaches, we report here that histone O-GlcNAcylation is undetectable in mammalian cells. 26075789 5 3 theme transcription 790:802 arg1 protein 871:877 Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 846:879 Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) 846:886 Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. 26075789 5 3 theme transcription 790:802 arg1 regulators 804:813 the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) 786:886 the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) 786:886 Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. 26075789 5 3 theme transcription 790:802 arg1 Factor-1 825:832 Host Cell Factor-1 815:832 Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) 815:840 Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. 26075789 3 4 theme chromatin 589:597 arg1 structure 599:607 chromatin structure 589:607 chromatin structure 589:607 Recently, OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation was reported to be a novel histone modification, suggesting a potential role in directly coordinating chromatin structure and function. 26075789 4 5 theme multiple 642:649 arg1 approaches 663:672 multiple biochemical approaches 642:672 multiple biochemical approaches 642:672 In contrast, using multiple biochemical approaches, we report here that histone O-GlcNAcylation is undetectable in mammalian cells. 26075789 5 6 theme regulators 804:813 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 767:781 O-GlcNAcylation 767:781 O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) 767:886 Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. 26075789 7 7 theme histone 1198:1204 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1206:1220 histone O-GlcNAcylation 1198:1220 histone O-GlcNAcylation 1198:1220 Therefore, the identification of the specific contexts in which histone O-GlcNAcylation might occur is still to be established. 26075789 5 8 theme Host 815:818 arg1 HCF-1 835:839 HCF-1 835:839 HCF-1 835:839 Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. 26075789 5 8 theme Host 815:818 arg1 regulators 804:813 the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) 786:886 the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) 786:886 Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. 26075789 5 8 theme Host 815:818 arg1 Factor-1 825:832 Host Cell Factor-1 815:832 Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) 815:840 Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. 26075789 7 9 theme contexts 1180:1187 arg1 identification 1149:1162 the identification 1145:1162 the identification of the specific contexts in which histone O-GlcNAcylation might occur 1145:1232 Therefore, the identification of the specific contexts in which histone O-GlcNAcylation might occur is still to be established. 26075789 1 10 theme posttranslational 78:94 arg1 modification 96:107 a posttranslational modification 76:107 a posttranslational modification catalyzed by the O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) and reversed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA) 76:216 O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification catalyzed by the O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) and reversed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 26075789 1 10 theme posttranslational 78:94 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 57:71 O-GlcNAcylation 57:71 O-GlcNAcylation 57:71 O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification catalyzed by the O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) and reversed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 26075789 4 11 from undetectable 722:733 arg1 cells 748:752 mammalian cells 738:752 mammalian cells 738:752 In contrast, using multiple biochemical approaches, we report here that histone O-GlcNAcylation is undetectable in mammalian cells. 26075789 2 12 theme chromatin-associated 416:435 arg1 processes 437:445 chromatin-associated processes 416:445 chromatin-associated processes 416:445 Numerous transcriptional regulators, including chromatin modifying enzymes, transcription factors, and co-factors, are targeted by O-GlcNAcylation, indicating that this modification is central for chromatin-associated processes. 26075789 5 13 theme Cell 820:823 arg1 HCF-1 835:839 HCF-1 835:839 HCF-1 835:839 Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. 26075789 5 13 theme Cell 820:823 arg1 regulators 804:813 the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) 786:886 the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) 786:886 Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. 26075789 5 13 theme Cell 820:823 arg1 Factor-1 825:832 Host Cell Factor-1 815:832 Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) 815:840 Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. 26075789 0 14 theme histone 13:19 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 21:35 Undetectable histone O-GlcNAcylation 0:35 Undetectable histone O-GlcNAcylation in mammalian cells 0:54 Undetectable histone O-GlcNAcylation in mammalian cells. 26075789 3 15 theme OGT-mediated 458:469 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 471:485 OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation 458:485 OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation 458:485 Recently, OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation was reported to be a novel histone modification, suggesting a potential role in directly coordinating chromatin structure and function. 26075789 3 15 theme OGT-mediated 458:469 arg1 modification 522:533 a novel histone modification 506:533 a novel histone modification 506:533 Recently, OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation was reported to be a novel histone modification, suggesting a potential role in directly coordinating chromatin structure and function. 26075789 0 16 theme Undetectable 0:11 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 21:35 Undetectable histone O-GlcNAcylation 0:35 Undetectable histone O-GlcNAcylation in mammalian cells 0:54 Undetectable histone O-GlcNAcylation in mammalian cells. 26075789 7 17 theme specific 1171:1178 arg1 contexts 1180:1187 the specific contexts 1167:1187 the specific contexts in which histone O-GlcNAcylation might occur 1167:1232 Therefore, the identification of the specific contexts in which histone O-GlcNAcylation might occur is still to be established. 26075789 6 18 theme mammalian 1022:1030 arg1 cells 1032:1036 mammalian cells 1022:1036 mammalian cells 1022:1036 Our study raises questions on the occurrence and abundance of O-GlcNAcylation as a histone modification in mammalian cells and reveals technical complications regarding the detection of genuine protein O-GlcNAcylation. 26075789 2 19 theme transcription 295:307 arg1 factors 309:315 transcription factors 295:315 transcription factors 295:315 Numerous transcriptional regulators, including chromatin modifying enzymes, transcription factors, and co-factors, are targeted by O-GlcNAcylation, indicating that this modification is central for chromatin-associated processes. 26075789 1 20 theme O-Linked 126:133 arg1 O-GlcNAc 156:163 O-GlcNAc 156:163 O-GlcNAc 156:163 O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification catalyzed by the O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) and reversed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 26075789 1 20 theme O-Linked 126:133 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 135:153 the O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine 122:153 the O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) 122:182 O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification catalyzed by the O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) and reversed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 26075789 3 21 theme novel 508:512 arg1 modification 522:533 a novel histone modification 506:533 a novel histone modification 506:533 Recently, OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation was reported to be a novel histone modification, suggesting a potential role in directly coordinating chromatin structure and function. 26075789 3 21 theme novel 508:512 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 471:485 OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation 458:485 OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation 458:485 Recently, OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation was reported to be a novel histone modification, suggesting a potential role in directly coordinating chromatin structure and function. 26075789 6 22 theme O-GlcNAcylation 1117:1131 arg1 detection 1088:1096 the detection 1084:1096 the detection of genuine protein O-GlcNAcylation 1084:1131 Our study raises questions on the occurrence and abundance of O-GlcNAcylation as a histone modification in mammalian cells and reveals technical complications regarding the detection of genuine protein O-GlcNAcylation. 26075789 4 23 theme histone 695:701 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 703:717 histone O-GlcNAcylation 695:717 histone O-GlcNAcylation 695:717 In contrast, using multiple biochemical approaches, we report here that histone O-GlcNAcylation is undetectable in mammalian cells. 26075789 0 24 theme mammalian 40:48 arg1 cells 50:54 mammalian cells 40:54 mammalian cells 40:54 Undetectable histone O-GlcNAcylation in mammalian cells. 26075789 5 25 theme Ten-Eleven 846:855 arg1 protein 871:877 Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 846:879 Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) 846:886 Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. 26075789 5 25 theme Ten-Eleven 846:855 arg1 TET2 882:885 TET2 882:885 TET2 882:885 Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. 26075789 5 25 theme Ten-Eleven 846:855 arg1 regulators 804:813 the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) 786:886 the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) 786:886 Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. 26075789 6 26 theme protein 1109:1115 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1117:1131 genuine protein O-GlcNAcylation 1101:1131 genuine protein O-GlcNAcylation 1101:1131 Our study raises questions on the occurrence and abundance of O-GlcNAcylation as a histone modification in mammalian cells and reveals technical complications regarding the detection of genuine protein O-GlcNAcylation. 26075789 5 27 theme Translocation 857:869 arg1 protein 871:877 Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 846:879 Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) 846:886 Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. 26075789 5 27 theme Translocation 857:869 arg1 TET2 882:885 TET2 882:885 TET2 882:885 Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. 26075789 5 27 theme Translocation 857:869 arg1 regulators 804:813 the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) 786:886 the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) 786:886 Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. 26075789 6 28 theme histone 998:1004 arg1 questions 932:940 questions 932:940 questions on the occurrence and abundance of O-GlcNAcylation 932:991 Our study raises questions on the occurrence and abundance of O-GlcNAcylation as a histone modification in mammalian cells and reveals technical complications regarding the detection of genuine protein O-GlcNAcylation. 26075789 6 28 theme histone 998:1004 arg1 modification 1006:1017 a histone modification 996:1017 a histone modification in mammalian cells 996:1036 Our study raises questions on the occurrence and abundance of O-GlcNAcylation as a histone modification in mammalian cells and reveals technical complications regarding the detection of genuine protein O-GlcNAcylation. 26075789 2 29 theme transcriptional 228:242 arg1 regulators 244:253 Numerous transcriptional regulators 219:253 Numerous transcriptional regulators 219:253 Numerous transcriptional regulators, including chromatin modifying enzymes, transcription factors, and co-factors, are targeted by O-GlcNAcylation, indicating that this modification is central for chromatin-associated processes. 26075789 2 29 theme transcriptional 228:242 arg1 factors 309:315 transcription factors 295:315 transcription factors 295:315 Numerous transcriptional regulators, including chromatin modifying enzymes, transcription factors, and co-factors, are targeted by O-GlcNAcylation, indicating that this modification is central for chromatin-associated processes. 26075789 2 29 theme transcriptional 228:242 arg1 co-factors 322:331 co-factors 322:331 co-factors 322:331 Numerous transcriptional regulators, including chromatin modifying enzymes, transcription factors, and co-factors, are targeted by O-GlcNAcylation, indicating that this modification is central for chromatin-associated processes. 26075789 2 29 theme transcriptional 228:242 arg1 enzymes 286:292 chromatin modifying enzymes 266:292 chromatin modifying enzymes 266:292 Numerous transcriptional regulators, including chromatin modifying enzymes, transcription factors, and co-factors, are targeted by O-GlcNAcylation, indicating that this modification is central for chromatin-associated processes. 26075789 1 30 theme N-acetylglucosamine 135:153 arg1 OGT 179:181 OGT 179:181 OGT 179:181 O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification catalyzed by the O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) and reversed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 26075789 1 30 theme N-acetylglucosamine 135:153 arg1 transferase 166:176 the O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase 122:176 the O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) 122:182 O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification catalyzed by the O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) and reversed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 26075789 2 31 theme Numerous 219:226 arg1 regulators 244:253 Numerous transcriptional regulators 219:253 Numerous transcriptional regulators 219:253 Numerous transcriptional regulators, including chromatin modifying enzymes, transcription factors, and co-factors, are targeted by O-GlcNAcylation, indicating that this modification is central for chromatin-associated processes. 26075789 2 31 theme Numerous 219:226 arg1 factors 309:315 transcription factors 295:315 transcription factors 295:315 Numerous transcriptional regulators, including chromatin modifying enzymes, transcription factors, and co-factors, are targeted by O-GlcNAcylation, indicating that this modification is central for chromatin-associated processes. 26075789 2 31 theme Numerous 219:226 arg1 co-factors 322:331 co-factors 322:331 co-factors 322:331 Numerous transcriptional regulators, including chromatin modifying enzymes, transcription factors, and co-factors, are targeted by O-GlcNAcylation, indicating that this modification is central for chromatin-associated processes. 26075789 2 31 theme Numerous 219:226 arg1 enzymes 286:292 chromatin modifying enzymes 266:292 chromatin modifying enzymes 266:292 Numerous transcriptional regulators, including chromatin modifying enzymes, transcription factors, and co-factors, are targeted by O-GlcNAcylation, indicating that this modification is central for chromatin-associated processes. 26075789 1 32 dep modification 96:107 arg1 reversed 188:195 reversed 188:195 reversed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA) 188:216 O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification catalyzed by the O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) and reversed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 26075789 1 32 dep modification 96:107 arg1 catalyzed 109:117 catalyzed 109:117 catalyzed by the O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) 109:182 O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification catalyzed by the O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) and reversed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). 26075789 6 33 from modification 1006:1017 arg1 cells 1032:1036 mammalian cells 1022:1036 mammalian cells 1022:1036 Our study raises questions on the occurrence and abundance of O-GlcNAcylation as a histone modification in mammalian cells and reveals technical complications regarding the detection of genuine protein O-GlcNAcylation. 26075789 3 34 theme histone 514:520 arg1 modification 522:533 a novel histone modification 506:533 a novel histone modification 506:533 Recently, OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation was reported to be a novel histone modification, suggesting a potential role in directly coordinating chromatin structure and function. 26075789 3 34 theme histone 514:520 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 471:485 OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation 458:485 OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation 458:485 Recently, OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation was reported to be a novel histone modification, suggesting a potential role in directly coordinating chromatin structure and function. 26075789 6 35 theme genuine 1101:1107 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1117:1131 genuine protein O-GlcNAcylation 1101:1131 genuine protein O-GlcNAcylation 1101:1131 Our study raises questions on the occurrence and abundance of O-GlcNAcylation as a histone modification in mammalian cells and reveals technical complications regarding the detection of genuine protein O-GlcNAcylation. 26075789 5 36 dep regulators 804:813 arg1 HCF-1 835:839 HCF-1 835:839 HCF-1 835:839 Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. 26075789 5 36 dep regulators 804:813 arg1 protein 871:877 Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 846:879 Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) 846:886 Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. 26075789 5 36 dep regulators 804:813 arg1 TET2 882:885 TET2 882:885 TET2 882:885 Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. 26075789 5 36 dep regulators 804:813 arg1 regulators 804:813 the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) 786:886 the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) 786:886 Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. 26075789 5 36 dep regulators 804:813 arg1 Factor-1 825:832 Host Cell Factor-1 815:832 Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) 815:840 Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. 26075789 2 37 theme modifying 276:284 arg1 enzymes 286:292 chromatin modifying enzymes 266:292 chromatin modifying enzymes 266:292 Numerous transcriptional regulators, including chromatin modifying enzymes, transcription factors, and co-factors, are targeted by O-GlcNAcylation, indicating that this modification is central for chromatin-associated processes. 26075789 4 38 theme biochemical 651:661 arg1 approaches 663:672 multiple biochemical approaches 642:672 multiple biochemical approaches 642:672 In contrast, using multiple biochemical approaches, we report here that histone O-GlcNAcylation is undetectable in mammalian cells. 26075789 2 39 theme chromatin 266:274 arg1 enzymes 286:292 chromatin modifying enzymes 266:292 chromatin modifying enzymes 266:292 Numerous transcriptional regulators, including chromatin modifying enzymes, transcription factors, and co-factors, are targeted by O-GlcNAcylation, indicating that this modification is central for chromatin-associated processes. 26075789 6 40 dep occurrence 949:958 arg1 the 945:947 the 945:947 the 945:947 Our study raises questions on the occurrence and abundance of O-GlcNAcylation as a histone modification in mammalian cells and reveals technical complications regarding the detection of genuine protein O-GlcNAcylation. 26075789 6 41 theme technical 1050:1058 arg1 complications 1060:1072 technical complications 1050:1072 technical complications 1050:1072 Our study raises questions on the occurrence and abundance of O-GlcNAcylation as a histone modification in mammalian cells and reveals technical complications regarding the detection of genuine protein O-GlcNAcylation. 26075789 6 42 theme O-GlcNAcylation 977:991 arg1 abundance 964:972 abundance 964:972 abundance 964:972 Our study raises questions on the occurrence and abundance of O-GlcNAcylation as a histone modification in mammalian cells and reveals technical complications regarding the detection of genuine protein O-GlcNAcylation. 26075789 6 42 theme O-GlcNAcylation 977:991 arg1 occurrence 949:958 occurrence 949:958 occurrence 949:958 Our study raises questions on the occurrence and abundance of O-GlcNAcylation as a histone modification in mammalian cells and reveals technical complications regarding the detection of genuine protein O-GlcNAcylation. 26075789 4 43 theme mammalian 738:746 arg1 cells 748:752 mammalian cells 738:752 mammalian cells 738:752 In contrast, using multiple biochemical approaches, we report here that histone O-GlcNAcylation is undetectable in mammalian cells. 26075789 6 44 from questions 932:940 arg1 abundance 964:972 abundance 964:972 abundance 964:972 Our study raises questions on the occurrence and abundance of O-GlcNAcylation as a histone modification in mammalian cells and reveals technical complications regarding the detection of genuine protein O-GlcNAcylation. 26075789 6 44 from questions 932:940 arg1 occurrence 949:958 occurrence 949:958 occurrence 949:958 Our study raises questions on the occurrence and abundance of O-GlcNAcylation as a histone modification in mammalian cells and reveals technical complications regarding the detection of genuine protein O-GlcNAcylation. 23790128 9 0 theme food 1645:1648 arg1 intake 1650:1655 food intake 1645:1655 food intake 1645:1655 Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests indicated that, in both groups, food intake showed no differences, although sucrose and fatty foods were associated with lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively), as well as in the control group (P = 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). 23790128 4 1 theme qualitative 1016:1026 arg1 questionnaire 1043:1055 a qualitative food frequency questionnaire 1014:1055 a qualitative food frequency questionnaire 1014:1055 Food intake was evaluated by a qualitative food frequency questionnaire. 23790128 3 2 theme medical 511:517 arg1 history 519:525 medical history 511:525 medical history 511:525 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 4 3 theme frequency 1033:1041 arg1 questionnaire 1043:1055 a qualitative food frequency questionnaire 1014:1055 a qualitative food frequency questionnaire 1014:1055 Food intake was evaluated by a qualitative food frequency questionnaire. 23790128 3 4 theme biochemical 694:704 arg1 profile 823:829 lipid profile 817:829 lipid profile 817:829 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 4 theme biochemical 694:704 arg1 weight 593:598 weight 593:598 weight 593:598 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 4 theme biochemical 694:704 arg1 factor-α 918:925 tumour necrosis factor-α 902:925 tumour necrosis factor-α 902:925 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 4 theme biochemical 694:704 arg1 aminotransferases 832:848 aminotransferases 832:848 aminotransferases 832:848 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 4 theme biochemical 694:704 arg1 pressure 959:966 blood pressure 953:966 blood pressure 953:966 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 4 theme biochemical 694:704 arg1 index 611:615 body mass index 601:615 body mass index 601:615 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 4 theme biochemical 694:704 arg1 leptin 884:889 leptin 884:889 leptin 884:889 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 4 theme biochemical 694:704 arg1 insulin 759:765 insulin 759:765 insulin 759:765 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 4 theme biochemical 694:704 arg1 resistance 805:814 homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance 768:814 homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance 768:814 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 4 theme biochemical 694:704 arg1 resistin 892:899 resistin 892:899 resistin 892:899 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 4 theme biochemical 694:704 arg1 parameters 719:728 biochemical and clinical parameters 694:728 biochemical and clinical parameters 694:728 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 4 theme biochemical 694:704 arg1 glucose 747:753 serum glucose 741:753 serum glucose 741:753 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 4 theme biochemical 694:704 arg1 levels 942:947 interleukin-6 levels 928:947 interleukin-6 levels 928:947 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 4 theme biochemical 694:704 arg1 protein 862:868 C-reactive protein 851:868 C-reactive protein 851:868 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 4 theme biochemical 694:704 arg1 adiponectin 871:881 adiponectin 871:881 adiponectin 871:881 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 4 theme biochemical 694:704 arg1 composition 677:687 body composition 672:687 body composition 672:687 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 4 theme biochemical 694:704 arg1 height 585:590 height 585:590 height 585:590 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 4 theme biochemical 694:704 arg1 ratio 661:665 waist-to-hip ratio 648:665 waist-to-hip ratio 648:665 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 1 5 theme fatty 286:290 arg1 NAFLD 307:311 NAFLD 307:311 NAFLD 307:311 BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between adiponectinaemia and food intake among obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 23790128 1 5 theme fatty 286:290 arg1 disease 298:304 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 273:304 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 273:312 BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between adiponectinaemia and food intake among obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 23790128 10 6 theme disease 2062:2068 arg1 occurrence 2043:2052 the occurrence 2039:2052 the occurrence of this disease 2039:2068 CONCLUSIONS Hypoadiponectinaemia in NAFLD was associated with dietary sucrose and fatty food intake, emphasising the important role of diet in the occurrence of this disease. 23790128 7 7 theme adiposity 1440:1448 arg1 measures 1450:1457 adiposity measures 1440:1457 adiposity measures 1440:1457 The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that adiponectinaemia was negatively correlated with lipid profile and serum tumour necrosis factor-α (P = 0.05) and was positively associated with adiposity measures and serum leptin (P < 0.05). 23790128 10 8 theme CONCLUSIONS 1896:1906 arg1 Hypoadiponectinaemia 1908:1927 CONCLUSIONS Hypoadiponectinaemia 1896:1927 CONCLUSIONS Hypoadiponectinaemia in NAFLD 1896:1936 CONCLUSIONS Hypoadiponectinaemia in NAFLD was associated with dietary sucrose and fatty food intake, emphasising the important role of diet in the occurrence of this disease. 23790128 6 9 theme lower 1161:1165 arg1 levels 1179:1184 lower adiponectin levels 1161:1184 lower adiponectin levels 1161:1184 The Mann-Whitney test showed lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group compared to controls (P < 0.05). 23790128 3 10 theme clinical 710:717 arg1 profile 823:829 lipid profile 817:829 lipid profile 817:829 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 10 theme clinical 710:717 arg1 weight 593:598 weight 593:598 weight 593:598 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 10 theme clinical 710:717 arg1 factor-α 918:925 tumour necrosis factor-α 902:925 tumour necrosis factor-α 902:925 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 10 theme clinical 710:717 arg1 aminotransferases 832:848 aminotransferases 832:848 aminotransferases 832:848 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 10 theme clinical 710:717 arg1 pressure 959:966 blood pressure 953:966 blood pressure 953:966 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 10 theme clinical 710:717 arg1 index 611:615 body mass index 601:615 body mass index 601:615 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 10 theme clinical 710:717 arg1 leptin 884:889 leptin 884:889 leptin 884:889 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 10 theme clinical 710:717 arg1 insulin 759:765 insulin 759:765 insulin 759:765 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 10 theme clinical 710:717 arg1 resistance 805:814 homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance 768:814 homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance 768:814 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 10 theme clinical 710:717 arg1 resistin 892:899 resistin 892:899 resistin 892:899 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 10 theme clinical 710:717 arg1 parameters 719:728 biochemical and clinical parameters 694:728 biochemical and clinical parameters 694:728 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 10 theme clinical 710:717 arg1 glucose 747:753 serum glucose 741:753 serum glucose 741:753 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 10 theme clinical 710:717 arg1 levels 942:947 interleukin-6 levels 928:947 interleukin-6 levels 928:947 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 10 theme clinical 710:717 arg1 protein 862:868 C-reactive protein 851:868 C-reactive protein 851:868 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 10 theme clinical 710:717 arg1 adiponectin 871:881 adiponectin 871:881 adiponectin 871:881 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 10 theme clinical 710:717 arg1 composition 677:687 body composition 672:687 body composition 672:687 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 10 theme clinical 710:717 arg1 height 585:590 height 585:590 height 585:590 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 10 theme clinical 710:717 arg1 ratio 661:665 waist-to-hip ratio 648:665 waist-to-hip ratio 648:665 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 11 theme physical 553:560 arg1 examination 562:572 a physical examination 551:572 a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) 551:688 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 10 12 theme fatty 1978:1982 arg1 intake 1989:1994 fatty food intake 1978:1994 fatty food intake 1978:1994 CONCLUSIONS Hypoadiponectinaemia in NAFLD was associated with dietary sucrose and fatty food intake, emphasising the important role of diet in the occurrence of this disease. 23790128 0 13 theme foods 135:139 arg1 intake 99:104 infrequent intake 88:104 infrequent intake of dietary sucrose and fatty foods 88:139 Hypoadiponectinaemia in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese women is associated with infrequent intake of dietary sucrose and fatty foods. 23790128 3 14 theme serum 741:745 arg1 glucose 747:753 serum glucose 741:753 serum glucose 741:753 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 9 15 theme lower 1734:1738 arg1 levels 1752:1757 lower adiponectin levels 1734:1757 lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively), as well as in the control group 1734:1855 Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests indicated that, in both groups, food intake showed no differences, although sucrose and fatty foods were associated with lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively), as well as in the control group (P = 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). 23790128 7 16 theme necrosis 1376:1383 arg1 P = 0.05 1395:1402 P = 0.05 1395:1402 P = 0.05 1395:1402 The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that adiponectinaemia was negatively correlated with lipid profile and serum tumour necrosis factor-α (P = 0.05) and was positively associated with adiposity measures and serum leptin (P < 0.05). 23790128 7 16 theme necrosis 1376:1383 arg1 factor-α 1385:1392 serum tumour necrosis factor-α 1363:1392 serum tumour necrosis factor-α (P = 0.05) 1363:1403 The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that adiponectinaemia was negatively correlated with lipid profile and serum tumour necrosis factor-α (P = 0.05) and was positively associated with adiposity measures and serum leptin (P < 0.05). 23790128 3 17 theme model 780:784 arg1 resistance 805:814 homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance 768:814 homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance 768:814 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 9 18 dep group 1780:1784 arg1 P < 0.05 1800:1807 P < 0.05 1800:1807 P < 0.05 1800:1807 Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests indicated that, in both groups, food intake showed no differences, although sucrose and fatty foods were associated with lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively), as well as in the control group (P = 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). 23790128 9 18 dep group 1780:1784 arg1 P < 0.05 1787:1794 P < 0.05 1787:1794 P < 0.05 1787:1794 Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests indicated that, in both groups, food intake showed no differences, although sucrose and fatty foods were associated with lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively), as well as in the control group (P = 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). 23790128 8 19 theme simple 1491:1496 arg1 regression 1505:1514 simple linear regression 1491:1514 simple linear regression 1491:1514 By simple linear regression, all of these variables predicted serum adiponectin levels. 23790128 7 20 theme serum 1363:1367 arg1 P = 0.05 1395:1402 P = 0.05 1395:1402 P = 0.05 1395:1402 The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that adiponectinaemia was negatively correlated with lipid profile and serum tumour necrosis factor-α (P = 0.05) and was positively associated with adiposity measures and serum leptin (P < 0.05). 23790128 7 20 theme serum 1363:1367 arg1 factor-α 1385:1392 serum tumour necrosis factor-α 1363:1392 serum tumour necrosis factor-α (P = 0.05) 1363:1403 The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that adiponectinaemia was negatively correlated with lipid profile and serum tumour necrosis factor-α (P = 0.05) and was positively associated with adiposity measures and serum leptin (P < 0.05). 23790128 3 21 theme body 601:604 arg1 index 611:615 body mass index 601:615 body mass index 601:615 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 22 theme C-reactive 851:860 arg1 protein 862:868 C-reactive protein 851:868 C-reactive protein 851:868 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 9 23 theme disease 1772:1778 arg1 group 1780:1784 the liver disease group 1762:1784 the liver disease group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively) 1762:1822 Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests indicated that, in both groups, food intake showed no differences, although sucrose and fatty foods were associated with lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively), as well as in the control group (P = 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). 23790128 0 24 from Hypoadiponectinaemia 0:19 arg1 women 63:67 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese women 24:67 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese women 24:67 Hypoadiponectinaemia in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese women is associated with infrequent intake of dietary sucrose and fatty foods. 23790128 3 25 theme insulin 797:803 arg1 resistance 805:814 homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance 768:814 homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance 768:814 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 2 26 theme subcutaneous 410:421 arg1 adiposity 436:444 subcutaneous and visceral adiposity 410:444 subcutaneous and visceral adiposity 410:444 METHODS In total, 60 obese women were examined by abdominal ultrasound for liver steatosis and subcutaneous and visceral adiposity. 23790128 2 27 theme liver 390:394 arg1 steatosis 396:404 liver steatosis 390:404 liver steatosis 390:404 METHODS In total, 60 obese women were examined by abdominal ultrasound for liver steatosis and subcutaneous and visceral adiposity. 23790128 0 28 theme dietary 109:115 arg1 sucrose 117:123 dietary sucrose 109:123 dietary sucrose 109:123 Hypoadiponectinaemia in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese women is associated with infrequent intake of dietary sucrose and fatty foods. 23790128 5 29 theme thirty-six 1097:1106 arg1 controls 1108:1115 thirty-six controls 1097:1115 thirty-six controls 1097:1115 RESULTS Twenty-four NAFLD patients and thirty-six controls were analysed. 23790128 9 30 theme Chi-squared 1576:1586 arg1 tests 1607:1611 Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests 1576:1611 tests 1607:1611 Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests indicated that, in both groups, food intake showed no differences, although sucrose and fatty foods were associated with lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively), as well as in the control group (P = 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). 23790128 1 31 theme liver 292:296 arg1 NAFLD 307:311 NAFLD 307:311 NAFLD 307:311 BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between adiponectinaemia and food intake among obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 23790128 1 31 theme liver 292:296 arg1 disease 298:304 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 273:304 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 273:312 BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between adiponectinaemia and food intake among obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 23790128 9 32 theme Fisher 1592:1597 arg1 tests 1607:1611 Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests 1576:1611 tests 1607:1611 Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests indicated that, in both groups, food intake showed no differences, although sucrose and fatty foods were associated with lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively), as well as in the control group (P = 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). 23790128 3 33 theme necrosis 909:916 arg1 factor-α 918:925 tumour necrosis factor-α 902:925 tumour necrosis factor-α 902:925 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 7 34 theme lipid 1345:1349 arg1 profile 1351:1357 lipid profile 1345:1357 lipid profile 1345:1357 The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that adiponectinaemia was negatively correlated with lipid profile and serum tumour necrosis factor-α (P = 0.05) and was positively associated with adiposity measures and serum leptin (P < 0.05). 23790128 8 35 theme adiponectin 1556:1566 arg1 levels 1568:1573 serum adiponectin levels 1550:1573 serum adiponectin levels 1550:1573 By simple linear regression, all of these variables predicted serum adiponectin levels. 23790128 1 36 dep BACKGROUND 142:151 arg1 aimed 171:175 aimed 171:175 aimed to investigate the relationship between adiponectinaemia and food intake among obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 171:312 BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between adiponectinaemia and food intake among obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 23790128 0 37 theme nonalcoholic 24:35 arg1 disease 49:55 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 24:55 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese women 24:67 Hypoadiponectinaemia in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese women is associated with infrequent intake of dietary sucrose and fatty foods. 23790128 9 38 theme exact 1601:1605 arg1 tests 1607:1611 Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests 1576:1611 tests 1607:1611 Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests indicated that, in both groups, food intake showed no differences, although sucrose and fatty foods were associated with lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively), as well as in the control group (P = 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). 23790128 10 39 theme diet 2031:2034 arg1 role 2023:2026 the important role 2009:2026 the important role of diet in the occurrence of this disease 2009:2068 CONCLUSIONS Hypoadiponectinaemia in NAFLD was associated with dietary sucrose and fatty food intake, emphasising the important role of diet in the occurrence of this disease. 23790128 3 40 theme hip 628:630 arg1 circumferences 632:645 hip circumferences 628:645 hip circumferences 628:645 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 41 theme standard 449:456 arg1 interview 458:466 A standard interview 447:466 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity) 447:548 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 0 42 theme liver 43:47 arg1 disease 49:55 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 24:55 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese women 24:67 Hypoadiponectinaemia in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese women is associated with infrequent intake of dietary sucrose and fatty foods. 23790128 3 43 theme alcohol 495:501 arg1 intake 503:508 alcohol intake 495:508 alcohol intake 495:508 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 0 44 theme obese 57:61 arg1 women 63:67 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese women 24:67 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese women 24:67 Hypoadiponectinaemia in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese women is associated with infrequent intake of dietary sucrose and fatty foods. 23790128 1 45 with women 262:266 arg1 NAFLD 307:311 NAFLD 307:311 NAFLD 307:311 BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between adiponectinaemia and food intake among obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 23790128 1 45 with women 262:266 arg1 disease 298:304 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 273:304 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 273:312 BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between adiponectinaemia and food intake among obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 23790128 7 46 theme tumour 1369:1374 arg1 P = 0.05 1395:1402 P = 0.05 1395:1402 P = 0.05 1395:1402 The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that adiponectinaemia was negatively correlated with lipid profile and serum tumour necrosis factor-α (P = 0.05) and was positively associated with adiposity measures and serum leptin (P < 0.05). 23790128 7 46 theme tumour 1369:1374 arg1 factor-α 1385:1392 serum tumour necrosis factor-α 1363:1392 serum tumour necrosis factor-α (P = 0.05) 1363:1403 The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that adiponectinaemia was negatively correlated with lipid profile and serum tumour necrosis factor-α (P = 0.05) and was positively associated with adiposity measures and serum leptin (P < 0.05). 23790128 1 47 theme food 238:241 arg1 intake 243:248 food intake 238:248 food intake 238:248 BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between adiponectinaemia and food intake among obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 23790128 10 48 from role 2023:2026 arg1 occurrence 2043:2052 the occurrence 2039:2052 the occurrence of this disease 2039:2068 CONCLUSIONS Hypoadiponectinaemia in NAFLD was associated with dietary sucrose and fatty food intake, emphasising the important role of diet in the occurrence of this disease. 23790128 9 49 from levels 1752:1757 arg1 group 1780:1784 the liver disease group 1762:1784 the liver disease group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively) 1762:1822 Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests indicated that, in both groups, food intake showed no differences, although sucrose and fatty foods were associated with lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively), as well as in the control group (P = 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). 23790128 9 49 from levels 1752:1757 arg1 group 1851:1855 the control group 1839:1855 the control group 1839:1855 Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests indicated that, in both groups, food intake showed no differences, although sucrose and fatty foods were associated with lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively), as well as in the control group (P = 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). 23790128 3 50 dep interview 458:466 arg1 questions 479:487 including questions 469:487 including questions about alcohol intake 469:508 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 50 dep interview 458:466 arg1 history 519:525 medical history 511:525 medical history 511:525 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 50 dep interview 458:466 arg1 activity 540:547 physical activity 531:547 physical activity 531:547 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 10 51 theme food 1984:1987 arg1 intake 1989:1994 fatty food intake 1978:1994 fatty food intake 1978:1994 CONCLUSIONS Hypoadiponectinaemia in NAFLD was associated with dietary sucrose and fatty food intake, emphasising the important role of diet in the occurrence of this disease. 23790128 3 52 theme blood 953:957 arg1 pressure 959:966 blood pressure 953:966 blood pressure 953:966 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 7 53 theme Pearson 1250:1256 arg1 coefficient 1270:1280 The Pearson correlation coefficient 1246:1280 The Pearson correlation coefficient 1246:1280 The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that adiponectinaemia was negatively correlated with lipid profile and serum tumour necrosis factor-α (P = 0.05) and was positively associated with adiposity measures and serum leptin (P < 0.05). 23790128 4 54 theme food 1028:1031 arg1 questionnaire 1043:1055 a qualitative food frequency questionnaire 1014:1055 a qualitative food frequency questionnaire 1014:1055 Food intake was evaluated by a qualitative food frequency questionnaire. 23790128 5 55 dep RESULTS 1058:1064 arg1 patients 1084:1091 Twenty-four NAFLD patients 1066:1091 Twenty-four NAFLD patients 1066:1091 RESULTS Twenty-four NAFLD patients and thirty-six controls were analysed. 23790128 5 55 dep RESULTS 1058:1064 arg1 controls 1108:1115 thirty-six controls 1097:1115 thirty-six controls 1097:1115 RESULTS Twenty-four NAFLD patients and thirty-six controls were analysed. 23790128 1 56 theme nonalcoholic 273:284 arg1 NAFLD 307:311 NAFLD 307:311 NAFLD 307:311 BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between adiponectinaemia and food intake among obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 23790128 1 56 theme nonalcoholic 273:284 arg1 disease 298:304 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 273:304 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 273:312 BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between adiponectinaemia and food intake among obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 23790128 7 57 theme serum 1463:1467 arg1 P < 0.05 1477:1484 P < 0.05 1477:1484 P < 0.05 1477:1484 The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that adiponectinaemia was negatively correlated with lipid profile and serum tumour necrosis factor-α (P = 0.05) and was positively associated with adiposity measures and serum leptin (P < 0.05). 23790128 7 57 theme serum 1463:1467 arg1 leptin 1469:1474 serum leptin 1463:1474 serum leptin (P < 0.05) 1463:1485 The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that adiponectinaemia was negatively correlated with lipid profile and serum tumour necrosis factor-α (P = 0.05) and was positively associated with adiposity measures and serum leptin (P < 0.05). 23790128 2 58 theme obese 336:340 arg1 women 342:346 60 obese women 333:346 60 obese women 333:346 METHODS In total, 60 obese women were examined by abdominal ultrasound for liver steatosis and subcutaneous and visceral adiposity. 23790128 3 59 theme physical 531:538 arg1 activity 540:547 physical activity 531:547 physical activity 531:547 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 6 60 theme adiponectin 1167:1177 arg1 levels 1179:1184 lower adiponectin levels 1161:1184 lower adiponectin levels 1161:1184 The Mann-Whitney test showed lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group compared to controls (P < 0.05). 23790128 6 61 theme disease 1199:1205 arg1 group 1207:1211 the liver disease group 1189:1211 the liver disease group 1189:1211 The Mann-Whitney test showed lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group compared to controls (P < 0.05). 23790128 0 62 theme fatty 129:133 arg1 foods 135:139 fatty foods 129:139 fatty foods 129:139 Hypoadiponectinaemia in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese women is associated with infrequent intake of dietary sucrose and fatty foods. 23790128 9 63 theme fatty 1701:1705 arg1 foods 1707:1711 fatty foods 1701:1711 fatty foods 1701:1711 Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests indicated that, in both groups, food intake showed no differences, although sucrose and fatty foods were associated with lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively), as well as in the control group (P = 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). 23790128 6 64 theme Mann-Whitney 1136:1147 arg1 test 1149:1152 The Mann-Whitney test 1132:1152 The Mann-Whitney test 1132:1152 The Mann-Whitney test showed lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group compared to controls (P < 0.05). 23790128 5 65 theme NAFLD 1078:1082 arg1 patients 1084:1091 Twenty-four NAFLD patients 1066:1091 Twenty-four NAFLD patients 1066:1091 RESULTS Twenty-four NAFLD patients and thirty-six controls were analysed. 23790128 10 66 from Hypoadiponectinaemia 1908:1927 arg1 NAFLD 1932:1936 NAFLD 1932:1936 NAFLD 1932:1936 CONCLUSIONS Hypoadiponectinaemia in NAFLD was associated with dietary sucrose and fatty food intake, emphasising the important role of diet in the occurrence of this disease. 23790128 10 67 theme dietary 1958:1964 arg1 sucrose 1966:1972 dietary sucrose 1958:1972 dietary sucrose 1958:1972 CONCLUSIONS Hypoadiponectinaemia in NAFLD was associated with dietary sucrose and fatty food intake, emphasising the important role of diet in the occurrence of this disease. 23790128 3 68 theme mass 606:609 arg1 index 611:615 body mass index 601:615 body mass index 601:615 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 9 69 theme adiponectin 1740:1750 arg1 levels 1752:1757 lower adiponectin levels 1734:1757 lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively), as well as in the control group 1734:1855 Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests indicated that, in both groups, food intake showed no differences, although sucrose and fatty foods were associated with lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively), as well as in the control group (P = 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). 23790128 8 70 theme linear 1498:1503 arg1 regression 1505:1514 simple linear regression 1491:1514 simple linear regression 1491:1514 By simple linear regression, all of these variables predicted serum adiponectin levels. 23790128 2 71 dep METHODS 315:321 arg1 examined 353:360 examined 353:360 were examined by abdominal ultrasound for liver steatosis and subcutaneous and visceral adiposity 348:444 METHODS In total, 60 obese women were examined by abdominal ultrasound for liver steatosis and subcutaneous and visceral adiposity. 23790128 3 72 theme assessment 786:795 arg1 resistance 805:814 homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance 768:814 homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance 768:814 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 10 73 theme important 2013:2021 arg1 role 2023:2026 the important role 2009:2026 the important role of diet in the occurrence of this disease 2009:2068 CONCLUSIONS Hypoadiponectinaemia in NAFLD was associated with dietary sucrose and fatty food intake, emphasising the important role of diet in the occurrence of this disease. 23790128 6 74 theme liver 1193:1197 arg1 group 1207:1211 the liver disease group 1189:1211 the liver disease group 1189:1211 The Mann-Whitney test showed lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group compared to controls (P < 0.05). 23790128 3 75 theme homeostatic 768:778 arg1 resistance 805:814 homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance 768:814 homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance 768:814 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 0 76 theme infrequent 88:97 arg1 intake 99:104 infrequent intake 88:104 infrequent intake of dietary sucrose and fatty foods 88:139 Hypoadiponectinaemia in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese women is associated with infrequent intake of dietary sucrose and fatty foods. 23790128 1 77 theme present 157:163 arg1 study 165:169 The present study 153:169 The present study 153:169 BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between adiponectinaemia and food intake among obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 23790128 9 78 theme liver 1766:1770 arg1 group 1780:1784 the liver disease group 1762:1784 the liver disease group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively) 1762:1822 Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests indicated that, in both groups, food intake showed no differences, although sucrose and fatty foods were associated with lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively), as well as in the control group (P = 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). 23790128 3 79 theme lipid 817:821 arg1 profile 823:829 lipid profile 817:829 lipid profile 817:829 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 0 80 theme sucrose 117:123 arg1 intake 99:104 infrequent intake 88:104 infrequent intake of dietary sucrose and fatty foods 88:139 Hypoadiponectinaemia in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese women is associated with infrequent intake of dietary sucrose and fatty foods. 23790128 8 81 theme serum 1550:1554 arg1 levels 1568:1573 serum adiponectin levels 1550:1573 serum adiponectin levels 1550:1573 By simple linear regression, all of these variables predicted serum adiponectin levels. 23790128 9 82 dep associated 1718:1727 arg1 P < 0.05 1871:1878 P < 0.05 1871:1878 P < 0.05 1871:1878 Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests indicated that, in both groups, food intake showed no differences, although sucrose and fatty foods were associated with lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively), as well as in the control group (P = 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). 23790128 9 82 dep associated 1718:1727 arg1 P = 0.05 1858:1865 P = 0.05 1858:1865 P = 0.05 1858:1865 Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests indicated that, in both groups, food intake showed no differences, although sucrose and fatty foods were associated with lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively), as well as in the control group (P = 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). 23790128 2 83 theme abdominal 365:373 arg1 ultrasound 375:384 abdominal ultrasound 365:384 abdominal ultrasound for liver steatosis and subcutaneous and visceral adiposity 365:444 METHODS In total, 60 obese women were examined by abdominal ultrasound for liver steatosis and subcutaneous and visceral adiposity. 23790128 0 84 theme fatty 37:41 arg1 disease 49:55 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 24:55 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese women 24:67 Hypoadiponectinaemia in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese women is associated with infrequent intake of dietary sucrose and fatty foods. 23790128 2 85 theme visceral 427:434 arg1 adiposity 436:444 subcutaneous and visceral adiposity 410:444 subcutaneous and visceral adiposity 410:444 METHODS In total, 60 obese women were examined by abdominal ultrasound for liver steatosis and subcutaneous and visceral adiposity. 23790128 3 86 theme including 469:477 arg1 questions 479:487 including questions 469:487 including questions about alcohol intake 469:508 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 0 87 theme disease 49:55 arg1 women 63:67 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese women 24:67 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese women 24:67 Hypoadiponectinaemia in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese women is associated with infrequent intake of dietary sucrose and fatty foods. 23790128 3 88 theme tumour 902:907 arg1 factor-α 918:925 tumour necrosis factor-α 902:925 tumour necrosis factor-α 902:925 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 4 89 theme Food 985:988 arg1 intake 990:995 Food intake 985:995 Food intake 985:995 Food intake was evaluated by a qualitative food frequency questionnaire. 23790128 3 90 theme waist-to-hip 648:659 arg1 ratio 661:665 waist-to-hip ratio 648:665 waist-to-hip ratio 648:665 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 3 91 theme interleukin-6 928:940 arg1 levels 942:947 interleukin-6 levels 928:947 interleukin-6 levels 928:947 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 7 92 theme correlation 1258:1268 arg1 coefficient 1270:1280 The Pearson correlation coefficient 1246:1280 The Pearson correlation coefficient 1246:1280 The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that adiponectinaemia was negatively correlated with lipid profile and serum tumour necrosis factor-α (P = 0.05) and was positively associated with adiposity measures and serum leptin (P < 0.05). 23790128 9 93 theme control 1843:1849 arg1 group 1851:1855 the control group 1839:1855 the control group 1839:1855 Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests indicated that, in both groups, food intake showed no differences, although sucrose and fatty foods were associated with lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively), as well as in the control group (P = 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). 23790128 3 94 theme body 672:675 arg1 composition 677:687 body composition 672:687 body composition 672:687 A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. 23790128 1 95 theme obese 256:260 arg1 women 262:266 obese women 256:266 obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 256:312 BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between adiponectinaemia and food intake among obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 29281737 0 0 theme 6-N-acetylglucosamine 83:103 arg1 transferase 105:115 the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 70:115 the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 70:115 Correction: A study of the structural properties of sites modified by the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase. 29281737 1 1 dep corrects 124:131 arg1 10.1371/journal.pone.0184405 150:177 10.1371/journal.pone.0184405 150:177 10.1371/journal.pone.0184405 150:177 [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184405.] 29281737 0 2 theme O-linked 74:81 arg1 transferase 105:115 the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 70:115 the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 70:115 Correction: A study of the structural properties of sites modified by the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase. 29281737 0 3 theme sites 52:56 arg1 properties 38:47 the structural properties 23:47 the structural properties of sites modified by the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 23:115 Correction: A study of the structural properties of sites modified by the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase. 29281737 0 4 theme properties 38:47 arg1 study 14:18 A study 12:18 Correction: A study of the structural properties of sites modified by the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase. 0:116 Correction: A study of the structural properties of sites modified by the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase. 29281737 1 5 theme article 137:143 arg1 DOI 145:147 the article DOI 133:147 the article DOI 133:147 [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184405.] 29281737 0 6 dep Correction 0:9 arg1 study 14:18 A study 12:18 Correction: A study of the structural properties of sites modified by the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase. 0:116 Correction: A study of the structural properties of sites modified by the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase. 29281737 0 7 theme structural 27:36 arg1 properties 38:47 the structural properties 23:47 the structural properties of sites modified by the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 23:115 Correction: A study of the structural properties of sites modified by the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase. 29281737 0 8 link O-linked 74:81 arg1 transferase 105:115 the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 70:115 the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 70:115 Correction: A study of the structural properties of sites modified by the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase. 24576640 6 0 theme Hp 873:874 arg1 subunits 878:885 the Hp β subunits 869:885 the Hp β subunits 869:885 Glycoproteomic analysis of the Hp β subunits confirmed that porcine Hp is N-glycosylated and, unexpectedly, O-glycosylated, a PTM that is not found on Hp from healthy humans. 24576640 7 1 theme IgA 1054:1056 arg1 glyco-profile 1021:1033 The glyco-profile 1017:1033 The glyco-profile of porcine IgG and IgA heavy chains 1017:1069 The glyco-profile of porcine IgG and IgA heavy chains was also characterized; decreased levels of both proteins were found in the investigated group of PCV2-SD affected pigs. 24576640 10 2 theme backbone 1656:1663 arg1 chains 1680:1685 the glycan chains 1669:1685 the glycan chains 1669:1685 In the search of a better diagnostic/prognostic marker for porcine PCV2-SD, extensive analyses of the Hp protein backbone and the glycan chains were thoroughly analyzed by various techniques. 24576640 10 2 theme backbone 1656:1663 arg1 analyses 1629:1636 extensive analyses 1619:1636 extensive analyses of the Hp protein backbone 1619:1663 In the search of a better diagnostic/prognostic marker for porcine PCV2-SD, extensive analyses of the Hp protein backbone and the glycan chains were thoroughly analyzed by various techniques. 24576640 7 3 theme IgG 1046:1048 arg1 glyco-profile 1021:1033 The glyco-profile 1017:1033 The glyco-profile of porcine IgG and IgA heavy chains 1017:1069 The glyco-profile of porcine IgG and IgA heavy chains was also characterized; decreased levels of both proteins were found in the investigated group of PCV2-SD affected pigs. 24576640 6 4 from humans 1009:1014 arg1 Hp 993:994 Hp 993:994 Hp from healthy humans 993:1014 Glycoproteomic analysis of the Hp β subunits confirmed that porcine Hp is N-glycosylated and, unexpectedly, O-glycosylated, a PTM that is not found on Hp from healthy humans. 24576640 2 5 theme Porcine 293:299 arg1 PCV2-SD 337:343 PCV2-SD 337:343 PCV2-SD 337:343 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 2 5 theme Porcine 293:299 arg1 disease 441:447 a globally spread pig disease 419:447 a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact 419:472 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 2 5 theme Porcine 293:299 arg1 disease 328:334 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease 293:334 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD) 293:344 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 13 6 theme biosynthetic 2103:2114 arg1 processes 2130:2138 the biosynthetic glycosylation processes 2099:2138 the biosynthetic glycosylation processes in the liver and immune cells 2099:2168 Interestingly, these data suggest that this viral infection, which significantly affects the immune responses of the host, leaves the biosynthetic glycosylation processes in the liver and immune cells unaffected. 24576640 6 7 theme Glycoproteomic 842:855 arg1 analysis 857:864 Glycoproteomic analysis 842:864 Glycoproteomic analysis of the Hp β subunits 842:885 Glycoproteomic analysis of the Hp β subunits confirmed that porcine Hp is N-glycosylated and, unexpectedly, O-glycosylated, a PTM that is not found on Hp from healthy humans. 24576640 11 8 theme IgA 1844:1846 arg1 confirmation 1766:1777 confirmation 1766:1777 confirmation 1766:1777 This resulted in detection and confirmation of Hp O-glycosylation and the glyco-profiling of porcine IgG and IgA. 24576640 11 8 theme IgA 1844:1846 arg1 detection 1752:1760 detection 1752:1760 detection 1752:1760 This resulted in detection and confirmation of Hp O-glycosylation and the glyco-profiling of porcine IgG and IgA. 24576640 11 8 theme IgA 1844:1846 arg1 glyco-profiling 1809:1823 the glyco-profiling 1805:1823 the glyco-profiling of porcine IgG and IgA 1805:1846 This resulted in detection and confirmation of Hp O-glycosylation and the glyco-profiling of porcine IgG and IgA. 24576640 1 9 gly glycoproteins 194:206 arg1 Haptoglobin 146:156 Haptoglobin 146:156 Haptoglobin (Hp) 146:161 Haptoglobin (Hp) and immunoglobulins are plasma glycoproteins involved in the immune reaction of the organism after infection and/or inflammation. 24576640 1 9 gly glycoproteins 194:206 arg1 glycoproteins 194:206 plasma glycoproteins 187:206 plasma glycoproteins involved in the immune reaction of the organism after infection and/or inflammation 187:290 Haptoglobin (Hp) and immunoglobulins are plasma glycoproteins involved in the immune reaction of the organism after infection and/or inflammation. 24576640 1 9 gly glycoproteins 194:206 arg1 immunoglobulins 167:181 immunoglobulins 167:181 immunoglobulins 167:181 Haptoglobin (Hp) and immunoglobulins are plasma glycoproteins involved in the immune reaction of the organism after infection and/or inflammation. 24576640 6 10 gly N-glycosylated 916:929 arg1 Hp 910:911 porcine Hp 902:911 porcine Hp 902:911 Glycoproteomic analysis of the Hp β subunits confirmed that porcine Hp is N-glycosylated and, unexpectedly, O-glycosylated, a PTM that is not found on Hp from healthy humans. 24576640 7 11 dep IgG 1046:1048 arg1 chains 1064:1069 heavy chains 1058:1069 heavy chains 1058:1069 The glyco-profile of porcine IgG and IgA heavy chains was also characterized; decreased levels of both proteins were found in the investigated group of PCV2-SD affected pigs. 24576640 9 12 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1402:1413 arg1 PCV2-SD 1415:1421 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE PCV2-SD 1391:1421 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE PCV2-SD 1391:1421 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE PCV2-SD is a disease of great economic importance for pig production, characterized by a complex response of the immune system. 24576640 9 12 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1402:1413 arg1 disease 1428:1434 a disease 1426:1434 a disease 1426:1434 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE PCV2-SD is a disease of great economic importance for pig production, characterized by a complex response of the immune system. 24576640 2 13 theme type 312:315 arg1 PCV2-SD 337:343 PCV2-SD 337:343 PCV2-SD 337:343 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 2 13 theme type 312:315 arg1 disease 441:447 a globally spread pig disease 419:447 a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact 419:472 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 2 13 theme type 312:315 arg1 disease 328:334 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease 293:334 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD) 293:344 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 12 14 theme porcine 1891:1897 arg1 glycoproteins 1906:1918 these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1879:1918 these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1879:1918 The N- and O-glycosylation of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins appears to be not affected by PCV2-SD infection. 24576640 10 15 theme diagnostic/prognostic 1569:1589 arg1 marker 1591:1596 a better diagnostic/prognostic marker 1560:1596 a better diagnostic/prognostic marker for porcine PCV2-SD 1560:1616 In the search of a better diagnostic/prognostic marker for porcine PCV2-SD, extensive analyses of the Hp protein backbone and the glycan chains were thoroughly analyzed by various techniques. 24576640 4 16 theme affected 638:645 arg1 pigs 647:650 healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs 618:650 healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs 618:650 The aim of this work was to characterize the Hp protein species of healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs, as well as the protein backbone and the glycan chain composition of porcine Hp. 24576640 12 17 theme glycoproteins 1906:1918 arg1 O-glycosylation 1860:1874 O-glycosylation 1860:1874 O-glycosylation 1860:1874 The N- and O-glycosylation of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins appears to be not affected by PCV2-SD infection. 24576640 12 17 theme glycoproteins 1906:1918 arg1 N- 1853:1854 N- 1853:1854 N- 1853:1854 The N- and O-glycosylation of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins appears to be not affected by PCV2-SD infection. 24576640 13 18 theme glycosylation 2116:2128 arg1 processes 2130:2138 the biosynthetic glycosylation processes 2099:2138 the biosynthetic glycosylation processes in the liver and immune cells 2099:2168 Interestingly, these data suggest that this viral infection, which significantly affects the immune responses of the host, leaves the biosynthetic glycosylation processes in the liver and immune cells unaffected. 24576640 9 19 theme great 1439:1443 arg1 importance 1454:1463 great economic importance 1439:1463 great economic importance 1439:1463 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE PCV2-SD is a disease of great economic importance for pig production, characterized by a complex response of the immune system. 24576640 6 20 theme subunits 878:885 arg1 analysis 857:864 Glycoproteomic analysis 842:864 Glycoproteomic analysis of the Hp β subunits 842:885 Glycoproteomic analysis of the Hp β subunits confirmed that porcine Hp is N-glycosylated and, unexpectedly, O-glycosylated, a PTM that is not found on Hp from healthy humans. 24576640 8 21 theme significant 1226:1236 arg1 changes 1238:1244 no significant changes 1223:1244 no significant changes in the N- and O-glycosylation patterns of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1223:1327 Obtained results indicate that no significant changes in the N- and O-glycosylation patterns of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins were detectable between healthy and PCV2-SD affected animals. 24576640 4 22 theme Hp 729:730 arg1 composition 706:716 the glycan chain composition 689:716 the glycan chain composition 689:716 The aim of this work was to characterize the Hp protein species of healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs, as well as the protein backbone and the glycan chain composition of porcine Hp. 24576640 4 22 theme Hp 729:730 arg1 backbone 676:683 the protein backbone 664:683 the protein backbone 664:683 The aim of this work was to characterize the Hp protein species of healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs, as well as the protein backbone and the glycan chain composition of porcine Hp. 24576640 4 22 theme Hp 729:730 arg1 species 607:613 the Hp protein species 592:613 the Hp protein species of healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs 592:650 The aim of this work was to characterize the Hp protein species of healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs, as well as the protein backbone and the glycan chain composition of porcine Hp. 24576640 9 23 theme importance 1454:1463 arg1 PCV2-SD 1415:1421 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE PCV2-SD 1391:1421 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE PCV2-SD 1391:1421 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE PCV2-SD is a disease of great economic importance for pig production, characterized by a complex response of the immune system. 24576640 9 23 theme importance 1454:1463 arg1 disease 1428:1434 a disease 1426:1434 a disease 1426:1434 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE PCV2-SD is a disease of great economic importance for pig production, characterized by a complex response of the immune system. 24576640 4 24 theme chain 700:704 arg1 composition 706:716 the glycan chain composition 689:716 the glycan chain composition 689:716 The aim of this work was to characterize the Hp protein species of healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs, as well as the protein backbone and the glycan chain composition of porcine Hp. 24576640 5 25 contain had 755:757 arg2 level 783:787 an increased overall Hp level 759:787 an increased overall Hp level 759:787 PCV2-SD affected pigs had an increased overall Hp level, but it did not affect the ratio between Hp species. 24576640 5 25 contain had 755:757 arg1 pigs 750:753 PCV2-SD affected pigs 733:753 PCV2-SD affected pigs 733:753 PCV2-SD affected pigs had an increased overall Hp level, but it did not affect the ratio between Hp species. 24576640 12 26 gly O-glycosylation 1860:1874 arg1 glycoproteins 1906:1918 these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1879:1918 these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1879:1918 The N- and O-glycosylation of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins appears to be not affected by PCV2-SD infection. 24576640 0 27 theme species 59:65 arg1 distribution 67:78 protein species distribution 51:78 protein species distribution 51:78 Proteomics on porcine haptoglobin and IgG/IgA show protein species distribution and glycosylation pattern to remain similar in PCV2-SD infection. 24576640 13 28 theme viral 2013:2017 arg1 infection 2019:2027 this viral infection 2008:2027 this viral infection 2008:2027 Interestingly, these data suggest that this viral infection, which significantly affects the immune responses of the host, leaves the biosynthetic glycosylation processes in the liver and immune cells unaffected. 24576640 9 29 theme pig 1469:1471 arg1 production 1473:1482 pig production 1469:1482 pig production 1469:1482 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE PCV2-SD is a disease of great economic importance for pig production, characterized by a complex response of the immune system. 24576640 8 30 theme N- 1253:1254 arg1 patterns 1276:1283 the N- and O-glycosylation patterns 1249:1283 the N- and O-glycosylation patterns of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1249:1327 Obtained results indicate that no significant changes in the N- and O-glycosylation patterns of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins were detectable between healthy and PCV2-SD affected animals. 24576640 16 31 theme clinical 2512:2519 arg1 analyses 2529:2536 clinical routine analyses 2512:2536 clinical routine analyses 2512:2536 Furthermore, since Hp is usually quantified by immunoassays in clinical routine analyses, our findings indicate that no bias in Hp determination capabilities due to an altered carbohydrate pattern is to be expected. 24576640 0 32 from Proteomics 0:9 arg1 IgG/IgA 38:44 IgG/IgA 38:44 IgG/IgA 38:44 Proteomics on porcine haptoglobin and IgG/IgA show protein species distribution and glycosylation pattern to remain similar in PCV2-SD infection. 24576640 0 32 from Proteomics 0:9 arg1 haptoglobin 22:32 porcine haptoglobin 14:32 porcine haptoglobin 14:32 Proteomics on porcine haptoglobin and IgG/IgA show protein species distribution and glycosylation pattern to remain similar in PCV2-SD infection. 24576640 8 33 theme O-glycosylation 1260:1274 arg1 patterns 1276:1283 the N- and O-glycosylation patterns 1249:1283 the N- and O-glycosylation patterns of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1249:1327 Obtained results indicate that no significant changes in the N- and O-glycosylation patterns of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins were detectable between healthy and PCV2-SD affected animals. 24576640 4 34 theme porcine 721:727 arg1 Hp 729:730 porcine Hp 721:730 porcine Hp 721:730 The aim of this work was to characterize the Hp protein species of healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs, as well as the protein backbone and the glycan chain composition of porcine Hp. 24576640 0 35 theme protein 51:57 arg1 species 59:65 protein species 51:65 protein species distribution 51:78 Proteomics on porcine haptoglobin and IgG/IgA show protein species distribution and glycosylation pattern to remain similar in PCV2-SD infection. 24576640 10 36 theme porcine 1602:1608 arg1 PCV2-SD 1610:1616 porcine PCV2-SD 1602:1616 porcine PCV2-SD 1602:1616 In the search of a better diagnostic/prognostic marker for porcine PCV2-SD, extensive analyses of the Hp protein backbone and the glycan chains were thoroughly analyzed by various techniques. 24576640 9 37 theme complex 1504:1510 arg1 response 1512:1519 a complex response 1502:1519 a complex response of the immune system 1502:1540 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE PCV2-SD is a disease of great economic importance for pig production, characterized by a complex response of the immune system. 24576640 6 38 theme healthy 1001:1007 arg1 humans 1009:1014 healthy humans 1001:1014 healthy humans 1001:1014 Glycoproteomic analysis of the Hp β subunits confirmed that porcine Hp is N-glycosylated and, unexpectedly, O-glycosylated, a PTM that is not found on Hp from healthy humans. 24576640 8 39 theme major 1294:1298 arg1 glycoproteins 1315:1327 these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1288:1327 these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1288:1327 Obtained results indicate that no significant changes in the N- and O-glycosylation patterns of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins were detectable between healthy and PCV2-SD affected animals. 24576640 10 40 theme marker 1591:1596 arg1 search 1550:1555 the search 1546:1555 the search of a better diagnostic/prognostic marker for porcine PCV2-SD 1546:1616 In the search of a better diagnostic/prognostic marker for porcine PCV2-SD, extensive analyses of the Hp protein backbone and the glycan chains were thoroughly analyzed by various techniques. 24576640 14 41 from findings 2220:2227 arg1 humans 2232:2237 humans 2232:2237 humans where for both proteins pattern changes have been reported in several chronic and inflammatory diseases 2232:2341 Lack of PTM changes is in contrast to findings in humans where for both proteins pattern changes have been reported in several chronic and inflammatory diseases. 24576640 2 42 theme spread 430:435 arg1 disease 441:447 a globally spread pig disease 419:447 a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact 419:472 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 2 42 theme spread 430:435 arg1 disease 328:334 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease 293:334 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD) 293:344 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 8 43 theme plasma 1308:1313 arg1 glycoproteins 1315:1327 these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1288:1327 these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1288:1327 Obtained results indicate that no significant changes in the N- and O-glycosylation patterns of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins were detectable between healthy and PCV2-SD affected animals. 24576640 0 44 theme porcine 14:20 arg1 haptoglobin 22:32 porcine haptoglobin 14:32 porcine haptoglobin 14:32 Proteomics on porcine haptoglobin and IgG/IgA show protein species distribution and glycosylation pattern to remain similar in PCV2-SD infection. 24576640 10 45 theme glycan 1673:1678 arg1 chains 1680:1685 the glycan chains 1669:1685 the glycan chains 1669:1685 In the search of a better diagnostic/prognostic marker for porcine PCV2-SD, extensive analyses of the Hp protein backbone and the glycan chains were thoroughly analyzed by various techniques. 24576640 9 46 theme immune 1528:1533 arg1 system 1535:1540 the immune system 1524:1540 the immune system 1524:1540 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE PCV2-SD is a disease of great economic importance for pig production, characterized by a complex response of the immune system. 24576640 2 47 theme impact 467:472 arg1 disease 441:447 a globally spread pig disease 419:447 a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact 419:472 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 2 47 theme impact 467:472 arg1 disease 328:334 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease 293:334 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD) 293:344 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 10 48 theme various 1715:1721 arg1 techniques 1723:1732 various techniques 1715:1732 various techniques 1715:1732 In the search of a better diagnostic/prognostic marker for porcine PCV2-SD, extensive analyses of the Hp protein backbone and the glycan chains were thoroughly analyzed by various techniques. 24576640 14 49 theme PTM 2190:2192 arg1 changes 2194:2200 PTM changes 2190:2200 PTM changes 2190:2200 Lack of PTM changes is in contrast to findings in humans where for both proteins pattern changes have been reported in several chronic and inflammatory diseases. 24576640 2 50 theme great 452:456 arg1 impact 467:472 great economic impact 452:472 great economic impact 452:472 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 5 51 theme PCV2-SD 733:739 arg1 pigs 750:753 PCV2-SD affected pigs 733:753 PCV2-SD affected pigs 733:753 PCV2-SD affected pigs had an increased overall Hp level, but it did not affect the ratio between Hp species. 24576640 10 52 theme protein 1648:1654 arg1 backbone 1656:1663 the Hp protein backbone 1641:1663 the Hp protein backbone 1641:1663 In the search of a better diagnostic/prognostic marker for porcine PCV2-SD, extensive analyses of the Hp protein backbone and the glycan chains were thoroughly analyzed by various techniques. 24576640 5 53 theme overall 772:778 arg1 level 783:787 an increased overall Hp level 759:787 an increased overall Hp level 759:787 PCV2-SD affected pigs had an increased overall Hp level, but it did not affect the ratio between Hp species. 24576640 13 54 theme immune 2157:2162 arg1 cells 2164:2168 immune cells 2157:2168 immune cells 2157:2168 Interestingly, these data suggest that this viral infection, which significantly affects the immune responses of the host, leaves the biosynthetic glycosylation processes in the liver and immune cells unaffected. 24576640 16 55 theme determination 2580:2592 arg1 capabilities 2594:2605 Hp determination capabilities 2577:2605 Hp determination capabilities due to an altered carbohydrate pattern 2577:2644 Furthermore, since Hp is usually quantified by immunoassays in clinical routine analyses, our findings indicate that no bias in Hp determination capabilities due to an altered carbohydrate pattern is to be expected. 24576640 14 56 theme several 2301:2307 arg1 diseases 2334:2341 several chronic and inflammatory diseases 2301:2341 several chronic and inflammatory diseases 2301:2341 Lack of PTM changes is in contrast to findings in humans where for both proteins pattern changes have been reported in several chronic and inflammatory diseases. 24576640 11 57 theme O-glycosylation 1785:1799 arg1 confirmation 1766:1777 confirmation 1766:1777 confirmation 1766:1777 This resulted in detection and confirmation of Hp O-glycosylation and the glyco-profiling of porcine IgG and IgA. 24576640 11 57 theme O-glycosylation 1785:1799 arg1 detection 1752:1760 detection 1752:1760 detection 1752:1760 This resulted in detection and confirmation of Hp O-glycosylation and the glyco-profiling of porcine IgG and IgA. 24576640 11 57 theme O-glycosylation 1785:1799 arg1 glyco-profiling 1809:1823 the glyco-profiling 1805:1823 the glyco-profiling of porcine IgG and IgA 1805:1846 This resulted in detection and confirmation of Hp O-glycosylation and the glyco-profiling of porcine IgG and IgA. 24576640 16 58 theme altered 2617:2623 arg1 pattern 2638:2644 an altered carbohydrate pattern 2614:2644 an altered carbohydrate pattern 2614:2644 Furthermore, since Hp is usually quantified by immunoassays in clinical routine analyses, our findings indicate that no bias in Hp determination capabilities due to an altered carbohydrate pattern is to be expected. 24576640 8 59 gly glycoproteins 1315:1327 arg1 glycoproteins 1315:1327 these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1288:1327 these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1288:1327 Obtained results indicate that no significant changes in the N- and O-glycosylation patterns of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins were detectable between healthy and PCV2-SD affected animals. 24576640 16 60 theme due 2607:2609 arg1 capabilities 2594:2605 Hp determination capabilities 2577:2605 Hp determination capabilities due to an altered carbohydrate pattern 2577:2644 Furthermore, since Hp is usually quantified by immunoassays in clinical routine analyses, our findings indicate that no bias in Hp determination capabilities due to an altered carbohydrate pattern is to be expected. 24576640 4 61 theme Hp 596:597 arg1 species 607:613 the Hp protein species 592:613 the Hp protein species of healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs 592:650 The aim of this work was to characterize the Hp protein species of healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs, as well as the protein backbone and the glycan chain composition of porcine Hp. 24576640 8 62 theme affected 1373:1380 arg1 animals 1382:1388 healthy and PCV2-SD affected animals 1353:1388 healthy and PCV2-SD affected animals 1353:1388 Obtained results indicate that no significant changes in the N- and O-glycosylation patterns of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins were detectable between healthy and PCV2-SD affected animals. 24576640 2 63 theme multisystemic 377:389 arg1 PMWS 409:412 PMWS 409:412 PMWS 409:412 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 2 63 theme multisystemic 377:389 arg1 syndrome 399:406 postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome 365:406 postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) 365:413 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 5 64 theme increased 762:770 arg1 level 783:787 an increased overall Hp level 759:787 an increased overall Hp level 759:787 PCV2-SD affected pigs had an increased overall Hp level, but it did not affect the ratio between Hp species. 24576640 6 65 theme β 876:876 arg1 subunits 878:885 the Hp β subunits 869:885 the Hp β subunits 869:885 Glycoproteomic analysis of the Hp β subunits confirmed that porcine Hp is N-glycosylated and, unexpectedly, O-glycosylated, a PTM that is not found on Hp from healthy humans. 24576640 7 66 theme affected 1177:1184 arg1 pigs 1186:1189 PCV2-SD affected pigs 1169:1189 PCV2-SD affected pigs 1169:1189 The glyco-profile of porcine IgG and IgA heavy chains was also characterized; decreased levels of both proteins were found in the investigated group of PCV2-SD affected pigs. 24576640 5 67 theme affected 741:748 arg1 pigs 750:753 PCV2-SD affected pigs 733:753 PCV2-SD affected pigs 733:753 PCV2-SD affected pigs had an increased overall Hp level, but it did not affect the ratio between Hp species. 24576640 7 68 located found 1134:1138 arg2 levels 1105:1110 decreased levels 1095:1110 decreased levels of both proteins 1095:1127 The glyco-profile of porcine IgG and IgA heavy chains was also characterized; decreased levels of both proteins were found in the investigated group of PCV2-SD affected pigs. 24576640 7 68 located found 1134:1138 arg1 group 1160:1164 the investigated group 1143:1164 the investigated group of PCV2-SD affected pigs 1143:1189 The glyco-profile of porcine IgG and IgA heavy chains was also characterized; decreased levels of both proteins were found in the investigated group of PCV2-SD affected pigs. 24576640 7 68 located found 1134:1138 arg1 pigs 1186:1189 PCV2-SD affected pigs 1169:1189 PCV2-SD affected pigs 1169:1189 The glyco-profile of porcine IgG and IgA heavy chains was also characterized; decreased levels of both proteins were found in the investigated group of PCV2-SD affected pigs. 24576640 3 69 theme immunological 495:507 arg1 system 509:514 the immunological system 491:514 the immunological system of pigs causing immunosuppression 491:548 PCV2-SD affects the immunological system of pigs causing immunosuppression. 24576640 1 70 theme organism 247:254 arg1 reaction 231:238 the immune reaction 220:238 the immune reaction of the organism after infection and/or inflammation 220:290 Haptoglobin (Hp) and immunoglobulins are plasma glycoproteins involved in the immune reaction of the organism after infection and/or inflammation. 24576640 16 71 theme carbohydrate 2625:2636 arg1 pattern 2638:2644 an altered carbohydrate pattern 2614:2644 an altered carbohydrate pattern 2614:2644 Furthermore, since Hp is usually quantified by immunoassays in clinical routine analyses, our findings indicate that no bias in Hp determination capabilities due to an altered carbohydrate pattern is to be expected. 24576640 7 72 theme porcine 1038:1044 arg1 IgG 1046:1048 porcine IgG 1038:1048 porcine IgG 1038:1048 The glyco-profile of porcine IgG and IgA heavy chains was also characterized; decreased levels of both proteins were found in the investigated group of PCV2-SD affected pigs. 24576640 14 73 theme inflammatory 2321:2332 arg1 diseases 2334:2341 several chronic and inflammatory diseases 2301:2341 several chronic and inflammatory diseases 2301:2341 Lack of PTM changes is in contrast to findings in humans where for both proteins pattern changes have been reported in several chronic and inflammatory diseases. 24576640 2 74 theme circovirus 301:310 arg1 PCV2-SD 337:343 PCV2-SD 337:343 PCV2-SD 337:343 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 2 74 theme circovirus 301:310 arg1 disease 441:447 a globally spread pig disease 419:447 a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact 419:472 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 2 74 theme circovirus 301:310 arg1 disease 328:334 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease 293:334 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD) 293:344 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 15 75 from species 2387:2393 arg1 detail 2398:2403 detail 2398:2403 detail 2398:2403 This underlines the importance of studying species in detail and not reaching to conclusions by analogy. 24576640 14 76 theme chronic 2309:2315 arg1 diseases 2334:2341 several chronic and inflammatory diseases 2301:2341 several chronic and inflammatory diseases 2301:2341 Lack of PTM changes is in contrast to findings in humans where for both proteins pattern changes have been reported in several chronic and inflammatory diseases. 24576640 12 77 theme PCV2-SD 1950:1956 arg1 infection 1958:1966 PCV2-SD infection 1950:1966 PCV2-SD infection 1950:1966 The N- and O-glycosylation of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins appears to be not affected by PCV2-SD infection. 24576640 4 78 theme pigs 647:650 arg1 composition 706:716 the glycan chain composition 689:716 the glycan chain composition 689:716 The aim of this work was to characterize the Hp protein species of healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs, as well as the protein backbone and the glycan chain composition of porcine Hp. 24576640 4 78 theme pigs 647:650 arg1 backbone 676:683 the protein backbone 664:683 the protein backbone 664:683 The aim of this work was to characterize the Hp protein species of healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs, as well as the protein backbone and the glycan chain composition of porcine Hp. 24576640 4 78 theme pigs 647:650 arg1 species 607:613 the Hp protein species 592:613 the Hp protein species of healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs 592:650 The aim of this work was to characterize the Hp protein species of healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs, as well as the protein backbone and the glycan chain composition of porcine Hp. 24576640 16 79 from bias 2569:2572 arg1 capabilities 2594:2605 Hp determination capabilities 2577:2605 Hp determination capabilities due to an altered carbohydrate pattern 2577:2644 Furthermore, since Hp is usually quantified by immunoassays in clinical routine analyses, our findings indicate that no bias in Hp determination capabilities due to an altered carbohydrate pattern is to be expected. 24576640 9 80 theme BIOLOGICAL 1391:1400 arg1 PCV2-SD 1415:1421 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE PCV2-SD 1391:1421 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE PCV2-SD 1391:1421 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE PCV2-SD is a disease of great economic importance for pig production, characterized by a complex response of the immune system. 24576640 9 80 theme BIOLOGICAL 1391:1400 arg1 disease 1428:1434 a disease 1426:1434 a disease 1426:1434 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE PCV2-SD is a disease of great economic importance for pig production, characterized by a complex response of the immune system. 24576640 0 81 theme PCV2-SD 127:133 arg1 infection 135:143 PCV2-SD infection 127:143 PCV2-SD infection 127:143 Proteomics on porcine haptoglobin and IgG/IgA show protein species distribution and glycosylation pattern to remain similar in PCV2-SD infection. 24576640 12 82 gly glycoproteins 1906:1918 arg1 glycoproteins 1906:1918 these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1879:1918 these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1879:1918 The N- and O-glycosylation of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins appears to be not affected by PCV2-SD infection. 24576640 2 83 theme 2-systemic 317:326 arg1 PCV2-SD 337:343 PCV2-SD 337:343 PCV2-SD 337:343 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 2 83 theme 2-systemic 317:326 arg1 disease 441:447 a globally spread pig disease 419:447 a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact 419:472 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 2 83 theme 2-systemic 317:326 arg1 disease 328:334 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease 293:334 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD) 293:344 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 4 84 theme healthy 618:624 arg1 pigs 647:650 healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs 618:650 healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs 618:650 The aim of this work was to characterize the Hp protein species of healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs, as well as the protein backbone and the glycan chain composition of porcine Hp. 24576640 10 85 theme better 1562:1567 arg1 marker 1591:1596 a better diagnostic/prognostic marker 1560:1596 a better diagnostic/prognostic marker for porcine PCV2-SD 1560:1616 In the search of a better diagnostic/prognostic marker for porcine PCV2-SD, extensive analyses of the Hp protein backbone and the glycan chains were thoroughly analyzed by various techniques. 24576640 1 86 theme plasma 187:192 arg1 Haptoglobin 146:156 Haptoglobin 146:156 Haptoglobin (Hp) 146:161 Haptoglobin (Hp) and immunoglobulins are plasma glycoproteins involved in the immune reaction of the organism after infection and/or inflammation. 24576640 1 86 theme plasma 187:192 arg1 glycoproteins 194:206 plasma glycoproteins 187:206 plasma glycoproteins involved in the immune reaction of the organism after infection and/or inflammation 187:290 Haptoglobin (Hp) and immunoglobulins are plasma glycoproteins involved in the immune reaction of the organism after infection and/or inflammation. 24576640 1 86 theme plasma 187:192 arg1 immunoglobulins 167:181 immunoglobulins 167:181 immunoglobulins 167:181 Haptoglobin (Hp) and immunoglobulins are plasma glycoproteins involved in the immune reaction of the organism after infection and/or inflammation. 24576640 12 87 theme major 1885:1889 arg1 glycoproteins 1906:1918 these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1879:1918 these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1879:1918 The N- and O-glycosylation of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins appears to be not affected by PCV2-SD infection. 24576640 6 88 theme porcine 902:908 arg1 Hp 910:911 porcine Hp 902:911 porcine Hp 902:911 Glycoproteomic analysis of the Hp β subunits confirmed that porcine Hp is N-glycosylated and, unexpectedly, O-glycosylated, a PTM that is not found on Hp from healthy humans. 24576640 8 89 theme Obtained 1192:1199 arg1 results 1201:1207 Obtained results 1192:1207 Obtained results 1192:1207 Obtained results indicate that no significant changes in the N- and O-glycosylation patterns of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins were detectable between healthy and PCV2-SD affected animals. 24576640 11 90 theme Hp 1782:1783 arg1 O-glycosylation 1785:1799 Hp O-glycosylation 1782:1799 Hp O-glycosylation 1782:1799 This resulted in detection and confirmation of Hp O-glycosylation and the glyco-profiling of porcine IgG and IgA. 24576640 13 91 theme host 2086:2089 arg1 responses 2069:2077 the immune responses 2058:2077 the immune responses of the host 2058:2089 Interestingly, these data suggest that this viral infection, which significantly affects the immune responses of the host, leaves the biosynthetic glycosylation processes in the liver and immune cells unaffected. 24576640 12 92 theme plasma 1899:1904 arg1 glycoproteins 1906:1918 these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1879:1918 these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1879:1918 The N- and O-glycosylation of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins appears to be not affected by PCV2-SD infection. 24576640 16 93 theme Hp 2577:2578 arg1 capabilities 2594:2605 Hp determination capabilities 2577:2605 Hp determination capabilities due to an altered carbohydrate pattern 2577:2644 Furthermore, since Hp is usually quantified by immunoassays in clinical routine analyses, our findings indicate that no bias in Hp determination capabilities due to an altered carbohydrate pattern is to be expected. 24576640 0 94 from similar 116:122 arg1 infection 135:143 PCV2-SD infection 127:143 PCV2-SD infection 127:143 Proteomics on porcine haptoglobin and IgG/IgA show protein species distribution and glycosylation pattern to remain similar in PCV2-SD infection. 24576640 9 95 theme economic 1445:1452 arg1 importance 1454:1463 great economic importance 1439:1463 great economic importance 1439:1463 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE PCV2-SD is a disease of great economic importance for pig production, characterized by a complex response of the immune system. 24576640 5 96 theme Hp 830:831 arg1 species 833:839 Hp species 830:839 Hp species 830:839 PCV2-SD affected pigs had an increased overall Hp level, but it did not affect the ratio between Hp species. 24576640 4 97 theme glycan 693:698 arg1 chain 700:704 the glycan chain 689:704 the glycan chain composition 689:716 The aim of this work was to characterize the Hp protein species of healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs, as well as the protein backbone and the glycan chain composition of porcine Hp. 24576640 14 98 theme pattern 2263:2269 arg1 changes 2271:2277 pattern changes 2263:2277 pattern changes 2263:2277 Lack of PTM changes is in contrast to findings in humans where for both proteins pattern changes have been reported in several chronic and inflammatory diseases. 24576640 13 99 theme immune 2062:2067 arg1 responses 2069:2077 the immune responses 2058:2077 the immune responses of the host 2058:2089 Interestingly, these data suggest that this viral infection, which significantly affects the immune responses of the host, leaves the biosynthetic glycosylation processes in the liver and immune cells unaffected. 24576640 6 100 located found 984:988 arg2 PTM 968:970 a PTM 966:970 a PTM that is not found on Hp from healthy humans 966:1014 Glycoproteomic analysis of the Hp β subunits confirmed that porcine Hp is N-glycosylated and, unexpectedly, O-glycosylated, a PTM that is not found on Hp from healthy humans. 24576640 6 100 located found 984:988 arg1 Hp 993:994 Hp 993:994 Hp from healthy humans 993:1014 Glycoproteomic analysis of the Hp β subunits confirmed that porcine Hp is N-glycosylated and, unexpectedly, O-glycosylated, a PTM that is not found on Hp from healthy humans. 24576640 1 101 theme immune 224:229 arg1 reaction 231:238 the immune reaction 220:238 the immune reaction of the organism after infection and/or inflammation 220:290 Haptoglobin (Hp) and immunoglobulins are plasma glycoproteins involved in the immune reaction of the organism after infection and/or inflammation. 24576640 0 102 theme glycosylation 84:96 arg1 pattern 98:104 glycosylation pattern 84:104 glycosylation pattern 84:104 Proteomics on porcine haptoglobin and IgG/IgA show protein species distribution and glycosylation pattern to remain similar in PCV2-SD infection. 24576640 11 103 theme porcine 1828:1834 arg1 IgG 1836:1838 porcine IgG 1828:1838 porcine IgG 1828:1838 This resulted in detection and confirmation of Hp O-glycosylation and the glyco-profiling of porcine IgG and IgA. 24576640 16 104 theme routine 2521:2527 arg1 analyses 2529:2536 clinical routine analyses 2512:2536 clinical routine analyses 2512:2536 Furthermore, since Hp is usually quantified by immunoassays in clinical routine analyses, our findings indicate that no bias in Hp determination capabilities due to an altered carbohydrate pattern is to be expected. 24576640 4 105 theme protein 668:674 arg1 backbone 676:683 the protein backbone 664:683 the protein backbone 664:683 The aim of this work was to characterize the Hp protein species of healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs, as well as the protein backbone and the glycan chain composition of porcine Hp. 24576640 7 106 theme proteins 1120:1127 arg1 levels 1105:1110 decreased levels 1095:1110 decreased levels of both proteins 1095:1127 The glyco-profile of porcine IgG and IgA heavy chains was also characterized; decreased levels of both proteins were found in the investigated group of PCV2-SD affected pigs. 24576640 13 107 dep liver 2147:2151 arg1 the 2143:2145 the 2143:2145 the 2143:2145 Interestingly, these data suggest that this viral infection, which significantly affects the immune responses of the host, leaves the biosynthetic glycosylation processes in the liver and immune cells unaffected. 24576640 0 108 from infection 135:143 arg1 similar 116:122 similar 116:122 similar 116:122 Proteomics on porcine haptoglobin and IgG/IgA show protein species distribution and glycosylation pattern to remain similar in PCV2-SD infection. 24576640 5 109 theme Hp 780:781 arg1 level 783:787 an increased overall Hp level 759:787 an increased overall Hp level 759:787 PCV2-SD affected pigs had an increased overall Hp level, but it did not affect the ratio between Hp species. 24576640 2 110 theme pig 437:439 arg1 disease 441:447 a globally spread pig disease 419:447 a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact 419:472 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 2 110 theme pig 437:439 arg1 disease 328:334 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease 293:334 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD) 293:344 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 2 111 theme wasting 391:397 arg1 PMWS 409:412 PMWS 409:412 PMWS 409:412 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 2 111 theme wasting 391:397 arg1 syndrome 399:406 postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome 365:406 postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) 365:413 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 8 112 gly O-glycosylation 1260:1274 arg1 glycoproteins 1315:1327 these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1288:1327 these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1288:1327 Obtained results indicate that no significant changes in the N- and O-glycosylation patterns of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins were detectable between healthy and PCV2-SD affected animals. 24576640 8 113 from changes 1238:1244 arg1 patterns 1276:1283 the N- and O-glycosylation patterns 1249:1283 the N- and O-glycosylation patterns of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1249:1327 Obtained results indicate that no significant changes in the N- and O-glycosylation patterns of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins were detectable between healthy and PCV2-SD affected animals. 24576640 4 114 theme work 567:570 arg1 aim 555:557 The aim 551:557 The aim of this work 551:570 The aim of this work was to characterize the Hp protein species of healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs, as well as the protein backbone and the glycan chain composition of porcine Hp. 24576640 8 115 theme porcine 1300:1306 arg1 glycoproteins 1315:1327 these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1288:1327 these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1288:1327 Obtained results indicate that no significant changes in the N- and O-glycosylation patterns of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins were detectable between healthy and PCV2-SD affected animals. 24576640 14 116 theme changes 2194:2200 arg1 Lack 2182:2185 Lack 2182:2185 Lack of PTM changes 2182:2200 Lack of PTM changes is in contrast to findings in humans where for both proteins pattern changes have been reported in several chronic and inflammatory diseases. 24576640 10 117 theme extensive 1619:1627 arg1 analyses 1629:1636 extensive analyses 1619:1636 extensive analyses of the Hp protein backbone 1619:1663 In the search of a better diagnostic/prognostic marker for porcine PCV2-SD, extensive analyses of the Hp protein backbone and the glycan chains were thoroughly analyzed by various techniques. 24576640 9 118 theme system 1535:1540 arg1 response 1512:1519 a complex response 1502:1519 a complex response of the immune system 1502:1540 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE PCV2-SD is a disease of great economic importance for pig production, characterized by a complex response of the immune system. 24576640 11 119 theme IgG 1836:1838 arg1 confirmation 1766:1777 confirmation 1766:1777 confirmation 1766:1777 This resulted in detection and confirmation of Hp O-glycosylation and the glyco-profiling of porcine IgG and IgA. 24576640 11 119 theme IgG 1836:1838 arg1 detection 1752:1760 detection 1752:1760 detection 1752:1760 This resulted in detection and confirmation of Hp O-glycosylation and the glyco-profiling of porcine IgG and IgA. 24576640 11 119 theme IgG 1836:1838 arg1 glyco-profiling 1809:1823 the glyco-profiling 1805:1823 the glyco-profiling of porcine IgG and IgA 1805:1846 This resulted in detection and confirmation of Hp O-glycosylation and the glyco-profiling of porcine IgG and IgA. 24576640 2 120 theme economic 458:465 arg1 impact 467:472 great economic impact 452:472 great economic impact 452:472 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 8 121 theme glycoproteins 1315:1327 arg1 patterns 1276:1283 the N- and O-glycosylation patterns 1249:1283 the N- and O-glycosylation patterns of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins 1249:1327 Obtained results indicate that no significant changes in the N- and O-glycosylation patterns of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins were detectable between healthy and PCV2-SD affected animals. 24576640 7 122 theme heavy 1058:1062 arg1 chains 1064:1069 heavy chains 1058:1069 heavy chains 1058:1069 The glyco-profile of porcine IgG and IgA heavy chains was also characterized; decreased levels of both proteins were found in the investigated group of PCV2-SD affected pigs. 24576640 2 123 theme postweaning 365:375 arg1 PMWS 409:412 PMWS 409:412 PMWS 409:412 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 2 123 theme postweaning 365:375 arg1 syndrome 399:406 postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome 365:406 postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) 365:413 Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. 24576640 10 124 theme Hp 1645:1646 arg1 backbone 1656:1663 the Hp protein backbone 1641:1663 the Hp protein backbone 1641:1663 In the search of a better diagnostic/prognostic marker for porcine PCV2-SD, extensive analyses of the Hp protein backbone and the glycan chains were thoroughly analyzed by various techniques. 24576640 7 125 theme pigs 1186:1189 arg1 group 1160:1164 the investigated group 1143:1164 the investigated group of PCV2-SD affected pigs 1143:1189 The glyco-profile of porcine IgG and IgA heavy chains was also characterized; decreased levels of both proteins were found in the investigated group of PCV2-SD affected pigs. 24576640 7 125 theme pigs 1186:1189 arg1 pigs 1186:1189 PCV2-SD affected pigs 1169:1189 PCV2-SD affected pigs 1169:1189 The glyco-profile of porcine IgG and IgA heavy chains was also characterized; decreased levels of both proteins were found in the investigated group of PCV2-SD affected pigs. 24576640 4 126 theme protein 599:605 arg1 species 607:613 the Hp protein species 592:613 the Hp protein species of healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs 592:650 The aim of this work was to characterize the Hp protein species of healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs, as well as the protein backbone and the glycan chain composition of porcine Hp. 24576640 13 127 from processes 2130:2138 arg1 liver 2147:2151 liver 2147:2151 liver 2147:2151 Interestingly, these data suggest that this viral infection, which significantly affects the immune responses of the host, leaves the biosynthetic glycosylation processes in the liver and immune cells unaffected. 24576640 13 127 from processes 2130:2138 arg1 cells 2164:2168 immune cells 2157:2168 immune cells 2157:2168 Interestingly, these data suggest that this viral infection, which significantly affects the immune responses of the host, leaves the biosynthetic glycosylation processes in the liver and immune cells unaffected. 24576640 8 128 theme healthy 1353:1359 arg1 animals 1382:1388 healthy and PCV2-SD affected animals 1353:1388 healthy and PCV2-SD affected animals 1353:1388 Obtained results indicate that no significant changes in the N- and O-glycosylation patterns of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins were detectable between healthy and PCV2-SD affected animals. 24576640 3 129 theme pigs 519:522 arg1 system 509:514 the immunological system 491:514 the immunological system of pigs causing immunosuppression 491:548 PCV2-SD affects the immunological system of pigs causing immunosuppression. 24576640 4 130 theme PCV2-SD 630:636 arg1 pigs 647:650 healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs 618:650 healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs 618:650 The aim of this work was to characterize the Hp protein species of healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs, as well as the protein backbone and the glycan chain composition of porcine Hp. 24576640 7 131 theme PCV2-SD 1169:1175 arg1 pigs 1186:1189 PCV2-SD affected pigs 1169:1189 PCV2-SD affected pigs 1169:1189 The glyco-profile of porcine IgG and IgA heavy chains was also characterized; decreased levels of both proteins were found in the investigated group of PCV2-SD affected pigs. 24576640 7 132 theme investigated 1147:1158 arg1 group 1160:1164 the investigated group 1143:1164 the investigated group of PCV2-SD affected pigs 1143:1189 The glyco-profile of porcine IgG and IgA heavy chains was also characterized; decreased levels of both proteins were found in the investigated group of PCV2-SD affected pigs. 24576640 7 132 theme investigated 1147:1158 arg1 pigs 1186:1189 PCV2-SD affected pigs 1169:1189 PCV2-SD affected pigs 1169:1189 The glyco-profile of porcine IgG and IgA heavy chains was also characterized; decreased levels of both proteins were found in the investigated group of PCV2-SD affected pigs. 24576640 8 133 theme PCV2-SD 1365:1371 arg1 animals 1382:1388 healthy and PCV2-SD affected animals 1353:1388 healthy and PCV2-SD affected animals 1353:1388 Obtained results indicate that no significant changes in the N- and O-glycosylation patterns of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins were detectable between healthy and PCV2-SD affected animals. 24576640 7 134 theme decreased 1095:1103 arg1 levels 1105:1110 decreased levels 1095:1110 decreased levels of both proteins 1095:1127 The glyco-profile of porcine IgG and IgA heavy chains was also characterized; decreased levels of both proteins were found in the investigated group of PCV2-SD affected pigs. 24596201 1 0 theme membrane 146:153 arg1 proteins 155:162 plasma membrane proteins 139:162 plasma membrane proteins 139:162 O-linked glycans on plasma membrane proteins are altered in cancer cells, leading to changes in cell adhesive properties and contributing to metastasis. 24596201 0 1 theme breast 82:87 arg1 suppressor 107:116 a breast cancer metastasis suppressor 80:116 a breast cancer metastasis suppressor 80:116 Sticking to sugars at the metastatic site: sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 acts as a breast cancer metastasis suppressor. 24596201 0 1 theme breast 82:87 arg1 Sticking 0:7 Sticking 0:7 Sticking to sugars at the metastatic site: sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 0:70 Sticking to sugars at the metastatic site: sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 acts as a breast cancer metastasis suppressor. 24596201 4 2 theme ST6GalNAc2 613:622 arg1 expression 624:633 reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression 605:633 reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression 605:633 Aggressive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers with reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression alter O-linked glycans on tumor cell surface, increasing soluble lectin galectin-3 binding and tumor cell clustering at metastatic sites. 24596201 4 3 theme tumor 730:734 arg1 clustering 741:750 tumor cell clustering 730:750 tumor cell clustering 730:750 Aggressive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers with reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression alter O-linked glycans on tumor cell surface, increasing soluble lectin galectin-3 binding and tumor cell clustering at metastatic sites. 24596201 4 4 theme reduced 605:611 arg1 expression 624:633 reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression 605:633 reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression 605:633 Aggressive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers with reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression alter O-linked glycans on tumor cell surface, increasing soluble lectin galectin-3 binding and tumor cell clustering at metastatic sites. 24596201 0 5 theme metastasis 96:105 arg1 suppressor 107:116 a breast cancer metastasis suppressor 80:116 a breast cancer metastasis suppressor 80:116 Sticking to sugars at the metastatic site: sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 acts as a breast cancer metastasis suppressor. 24596201 0 5 theme metastasis 96:105 arg1 Sticking 0:7 Sticking 0:7 Sticking to sugars at the metastatic site: sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 0:70 Sticking to sugars at the metastatic site: sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 acts as a breast cancer metastasis suppressor. 24596201 3 6 theme metastasis 519:528 arg1 gene 541:544 a novel metastasis suppressor gene 511:544 a novel metastasis suppressor gene 511:544 In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Murugaesu and colleagues, using an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen, identified sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 as a novel metastasis suppressor gene. 24596201 3 6 theme metastasis 519:528 arg1 ST6GalNAc2 497:506 sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 479:506 sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 479:506 In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Murugaesu and colleagues, using an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen, identified sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 as a novel metastasis suppressor gene. 24596201 3 7 theme in 413:414 arg1 interference 436:447 an in vivo functional RNA interference 410:447 an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen 410:465 In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Murugaesu and colleagues, using an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen, identified sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 as a novel metastasis suppressor gene. 24596201 0 8 theme cancer 89:94 arg1 suppressor 107:116 a breast cancer metastasis suppressor 80:116 a breast cancer metastasis suppressor 80:116 Sticking to sugars at the metastatic site: sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 acts as a breast cancer metastasis suppressor. 24596201 0 8 theme cancer 89:94 arg1 Sticking 0:7 Sticking 0:7 Sticking to sugars at the metastatic site: sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 0:70 Sticking to sugars at the metastatic site: sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 acts as a breast cancer metastasis suppressor. 24596201 3 9 theme suppressor 530:539 arg1 gene 541:544 a novel metastasis suppressor gene 511:544 a novel metastasis suppressor gene 511:544 In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Murugaesu and colleagues, using an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen, identified sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 as a novel metastasis suppressor gene. 24596201 3 9 theme suppressor 530:539 arg1 ST6GalNAc2 497:506 sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 479:506 sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 479:506 In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Murugaesu and colleagues, using an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen, identified sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 as a novel metastasis suppressor gene. 24596201 3 10 theme Discovery 367:375 arg1 issue 351:355 this issue 346:355 this issue of Cancer Discovery 346:375 In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Murugaesu and colleagues, using an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen, identified sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 as a novel metastasis suppressor gene. 24596201 3 11 theme novel 513:517 arg1 gene 541:544 a novel metastasis suppressor gene 511:544 a novel metastasis suppressor gene 511:544 In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Murugaesu and colleagues, using an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen, identified sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 as a novel metastasis suppressor gene. 24596201 3 11 theme novel 513:517 arg1 ST6GalNAc2 497:506 sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 479:506 sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 479:506 In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Murugaesu and colleagues, using an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen, identified sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 as a novel metastasis suppressor gene. 24596201 1 12 from glycans 128:134 arg1 proteins 155:162 plasma membrane proteins 139:162 plasma membrane proteins 139:162 O-linked glycans on plasma membrane proteins are altered in cancer cells, leading to changes in cell adhesive properties and contributing to metastasis. 24596201 4 13 theme lectin 700:705 arg1 binding 718:724 soluble lectin galectin-3 binding 692:724 soluble lectin galectin-3 binding 692:724 Aggressive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers with reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression alter O-linked glycans on tumor cell surface, increasing soluble lectin galectin-3 binding and tumor cell clustering at metastatic sites. 24596201 1 14 theme cancer 179:184 arg1 cells 186:190 cancer cells 179:190 cancer cells 179:190 O-linked glycans on plasma membrane proteins are altered in cancer cells, leading to changes in cell adhesive properties and contributing to metastasis. 24596201 4 15 theme Aggressive 547:556 arg1 cancers 592:598 Aggressive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers 547:598 Aggressive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers with reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression 547:633 Aggressive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers with reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression alter O-linked glycans on tumor cell surface, increasing soluble lectin galectin-3 binding and tumor cell clustering at metastatic sites. 24596201 3 16 theme interference 436:447 arg1 screen 460:465 an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen 410:465 an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen 410:465 In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Murugaesu and colleagues, using an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen, identified sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 as a novel metastasis suppressor gene. 24596201 3 17 theme Cancer 360:365 arg1 Discovery 367:375 Cancer Discovery 360:375 Cancer Discovery 360:375 In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Murugaesu and colleagues, using an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen, identified sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 as a novel metastasis suppressor gene. 24596201 4 18 theme breast 585:590 arg1 cancers 592:598 Aggressive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers 547:598 Aggressive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers with reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression 547:633 Aggressive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers with reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression alter O-linked glycans on tumor cell surface, increasing soluble lectin galectin-3 binding and tumor cell clustering at metastatic sites. 24596201 3 19 theme metastasis 449:458 arg1 screen 460:465 an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen 410:465 an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen 410:465 In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Murugaesu and colleagues, using an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen, identified sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 as a novel metastasis suppressor gene. 24596201 0 20 theme metastatic 26:35 arg1 ST6GalNAc2 61:70 the metastatic site: sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 22:70 the metastatic site: sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 22:70 Sticking to sugars at the metastatic site: sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 acts as a breast cancer metastasis suppressor. 24596201 4 21 theme cell 736:739 arg1 clustering 741:750 tumor cell clustering 730:750 tumor cell clustering 730:750 Aggressive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers with reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression alter O-linked glycans on tumor cell surface, increasing soluble lectin galectin-3 binding and tumor cell clustering at metastatic sites. 24596201 4 22 link O-linked 641:648 arg1 glycans 650:656 O-linked glycans 641:656 O-linked glycans 641:656 Aggressive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers with reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression alter O-linked glycans on tumor cell surface, increasing soluble lectin galectin-3 binding and tumor cell clustering at metastatic sites. 24596201 4 23 theme soluble 692:698 arg1 binding 718:724 soluble lectin galectin-3 binding 692:724 soluble lectin galectin-3 binding 692:724 Aggressive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers with reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression alter O-linked glycans on tumor cell surface, increasing soluble lectin galectin-3 binding and tumor cell clustering at metastatic sites. 24596201 3 24 theme functional 421:430 arg1 interference 436:447 an in vivo functional RNA interference 410:447 an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen 410:465 In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Murugaesu and colleagues, using an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen, identified sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 as a novel metastasis suppressor gene. 24596201 0 25 from ST6GalNAc2 61:70 arg1 Sticking 0:7 Sticking 0:7 Sticking to sugars at the metastatic site: sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 0:70 Sticking to sugars at the metastatic site: sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 acts as a breast cancer metastasis suppressor. 24596201 0 25 from ST6GalNAc2 61:70 arg1 suppressor 107:116 a breast cancer metastasis suppressor 80:116 a breast cancer metastasis suppressor 80:116 Sticking to sugars at the metastatic site: sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 acts as a breast cancer metastasis suppressor. 24596201 4 26 theme receptor-negative 567:583 arg1 cancers 592:598 Aggressive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers 547:598 Aggressive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers with reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression 547:633 Aggressive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers with reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression alter O-linked glycans on tumor cell surface, increasing soluble lectin galectin-3 binding and tumor cell clustering at metastatic sites. 24596201 3 27 theme RNA 432:434 arg1 interference 436:447 an in vivo functional RNA interference 410:447 an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen 410:465 In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Murugaesu and colleagues, using an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen, identified sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 as a novel metastasis suppressor gene. 24596201 1 28 link O-linked 119:126 arg1 glycans 128:134 O-linked glycans 119:134 O-linked glycans on plasma membrane proteins 119:162 O-linked glycans on plasma membrane proteins are altered in cancer cells, leading to changes in cell adhesive properties and contributing to metastasis. 24596201 3 29 dep in 413:414 arg1 vivo 416:419 vivo 416:419 vivo 416:419 In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Murugaesu and colleagues, using an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen, identified sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 as a novel metastasis suppressor gene. 24596201 0 30 theme site 37:40 arg1 ST6GalNAc2 61:70 the metastatic site: sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 22:70 the metastatic site: sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 22:70 Sticking to sugars at the metastatic site: sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 acts as a breast cancer metastasis suppressor. 24596201 3 31 theme sialyltransferase 479:495 arg1 gene 541:544 a novel metastasis suppressor gene 511:544 a novel metastasis suppressor gene 511:544 In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Murugaesu and colleagues, using an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen, identified sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 as a novel metastasis suppressor gene. 24596201 3 31 theme sialyltransferase 479:495 arg1 ST6GalNAc2 497:506 sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 479:506 sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 479:506 In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Murugaesu and colleagues, using an in vivo functional RNA interference metastasis screen, identified sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 as a novel metastasis suppressor gene. 24596201 4 32 with cancers 592:598 arg1 expression 624:633 reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression 605:633 reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression 605:633 Aggressive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers with reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression alter O-linked glycans on tumor cell surface, increasing soluble lectin galectin-3 binding and tumor cell clustering at metastatic sites. 24596201 1 33 from changes 204:210 arg1 properties 229:238 cell adhesive properties 215:238 cell adhesive properties 215:238 O-linked glycans on plasma membrane proteins are altered in cancer cells, leading to changes in cell adhesive properties and contributing to metastasis. 24596201 4 34 theme galectin-3 707:716 arg1 binding 718:724 soluble lectin galectin-3 binding 692:724 soluble lectin galectin-3 binding 692:724 Aggressive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers with reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression alter O-linked glycans on tumor cell surface, increasing soluble lectin galectin-3 binding and tumor cell clustering at metastatic sites. 24596201 1 35 theme O-linked 119:126 arg1 glycans 128:134 O-linked glycans 119:134 O-linked glycans on plasma membrane proteins 119:162 O-linked glycans on plasma membrane proteins are altered in cancer cells, leading to changes in cell adhesive properties and contributing to metastasis. 24596201 2 36 theme tumor 316:320 arg1 spread 322:327 tumor spread 316:327 tumor spread 316:327 Mechanisms of how these carbohydrates alter tumor spread remain vague. 24596201 4 37 theme metastatic 755:764 arg1 sites 766:770 metastatic sites 755:770 metastatic sites 755:770 Aggressive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers with reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression alter O-linked glycans on tumor cell surface, increasing soluble lectin galectin-3 binding and tumor cell clustering at metastatic sites. 24596201 4 38 theme cell 667:670 arg1 surface 672:678 tumor cell surface 661:678 tumor cell surface 661:678 Aggressive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers with reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression alter O-linked glycans on tumor cell surface, increasing soluble lectin galectin-3 binding and tumor cell clustering at metastatic sites. 24596201 4 39 theme tumor 661:665 arg1 surface 672:678 tumor cell surface 661:678 tumor cell surface 661:678 Aggressive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers with reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression alter O-linked glycans on tumor cell surface, increasing soluble lectin galectin-3 binding and tumor cell clustering at metastatic sites. 24596201 1 40 theme cell 215:218 arg1 properties 229:238 cell adhesive properties 215:238 cell adhesive properties 215:238 O-linked glycans on plasma membrane proteins are altered in cancer cells, leading to changes in cell adhesive properties and contributing to metastasis. 24596201 0 41 theme sialyltransferase 43:59 arg1 ST6GalNAc2 61:70 the metastatic site: sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 22:70 the metastatic site: sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 22:70 Sticking to sugars at the metastatic site: sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 acts as a breast cancer metastasis suppressor. 24596201 4 42 theme O-linked 641:648 arg1 glycans 650:656 O-linked glycans 641:656 O-linked glycans 641:656 Aggressive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers with reduced ST6GalNAc2 expression alter O-linked glycans on tumor cell surface, increasing soluble lectin galectin-3 binding and tumor cell clustering at metastatic sites. 24596201 1 43 theme plasma 139:144 arg1 proteins 155:162 plasma membrane proteins 139:162 plasma membrane proteins 139:162 O-linked glycans on plasma membrane proteins are altered in cancer cells, leading to changes in cell adhesive properties and contributing to metastasis. 24596201 1 44 theme adhesive 220:227 arg1 properties 229:238 cell adhesive properties 215:238 cell adhesive properties 215:238 O-linked glycans on plasma membrane proteins are altered in cancer cells, leading to changes in cell adhesive properties and contributing to metastasis. 26475369 4 0 theme cholic 793:798 arg1 acid 800:803 0.49% cholic acid 787:803 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) 787:940 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 7 1 theme CYP7A1 1146:1151 arg1 expression 1153:1162 CYP7A1 expression 1146:1162 CYP7A1 expression 1146:1162 G diet increased CYP7A1 expression but decreased the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05) vs. C diet. 26475369 4 2 theme 7-week 949:954 arg1 period 956:961 a 7-week period 947:961 a 7-week period 947:961 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 0 3 theme fa/fa 180:184 arg1 rats 186:189 Zucker fa/fa rats 173:189 Zucker fa/fa rats 173:189 Glucomannan and glucomannan plus spirulina added to pork significantly block dietary cholesterol effects on lipoproteinemia, arylesterase activity, and CYP7A1 expression in Zucker fa/fa rats. 26475369 3 4 theme growing 512:518 arg1 rats 526:529 growing fa/fa rats 512:529 growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets 512:582 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. 26475369 10 5 theme IDL 1886:1888 arg1 composition 1902:1912 normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition 1866:1912 normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition 1866:1912 HG and HGS diets vs. HC noticeably reduced lipidemia (p < 0.001), normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition, and increased CYP7A1 expression (p < 0.01) but did not modify the cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio. 26475369 0 6 from expression 159:168 arg1 lipoproteinemia 108:122 lipoproteinemia 108:122 lipoproteinemia 108:122 Glucomannan and glucomannan plus spirulina added to pork significantly block dietary cholesterol effects on lipoproteinemia, arylesterase activity, and CYP7A1 expression in Zucker fa/fa rats. 26475369 13 7 theme insulin 2391:2397 arg1 resistance 2399:2408 decreased insulin resistance 2381:2408 decreased insulin resistance 2381:2408 In addition, HGS-RP improved the glucomannan hypolipidemic effects, increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity, and decreased insulin resistance. 26475369 9 8 theme cholesterol/triglyceride 1515:1538 arg1 ratio 1540:1544 cholesterol/triglyceride ratio 1515:1544 cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) 1515:1584 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 10 9 theme LDL 1892:1894 arg1 composition 1902:1912 normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition 1866:1912 normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition 1866:1912 HG and HGS diets vs. HC noticeably reduced lipidemia (p < 0.001), normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition, and increased CYP7A1 expression (p < 0.01) but did not modify the cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio. 26475369 9 10 theme cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol 1723:1749 arg1 ratio 1751:1755 total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio 1717:1755 total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio 1717:1755 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 13 11 theme increased 2328:2336 arg1 activity 2367:2374 increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity 2328:2374 increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity 2328:2374 In addition, HGS-RP improved the glucomannan hypolipidemic effects, increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity, and decreased insulin resistance. 26475369 3 12 theme high-energy 535:545 arg1 diets 578:582 high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets 535:582 high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets 535:582 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. 26475369 9 13 from ratio 1540:1544 arg1 lipoproteins 1566:1577 very low density lipoproteins 1549:1577 very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) 1549:1584 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 9 13 from ratio 1540:1544 arg1 VLDL 1580:1583 VLDL 1580:1583 VLDL 1580:1583 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 4 14 theme 0.49 787:790 arg1 % 791:791 % 791:791 % 791:791 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 1 15 theme Zucker 192:197 arg1 rats 205:208 Zucker fa/fa rats 192:208 Zucker fa/fa rats 192:208 Zucker fa/fa rats easily develop dyslipidemia and obesity. 26475369 9 16 theme low 1554:1556 arg1 lipoproteins 1566:1577 very low density lipoproteins 1549:1577 very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) 1549:1584 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 9 16 theme low 1554:1556 arg1 VLDL 1580:1583 VLDL 1580:1583 VLDL 1580:1583 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 11 17 theme arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol 2105:2132 arg1 p < 0.05 2144:2151 p < 0.05 2144:2151 p < 0.05 2144:2151 HGS vs. HG decreased triglyceridemia, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity (p < 0.05). 26475369 11 17 theme arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol 2105:2132 arg1 activity 2134:2141 increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity 2095:2141 increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity (p < 0.05) 2095:2152 HGS vs. HG decreased triglyceridemia, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity (p < 0.05). 26475369 4 18 theme 15 646:647 arg1 % 648:648 % 648:648 % 648:648 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 0 19 theme arylesterase 125:136 arg1 activity 138:145 arylesterase activity 125:145 arylesterase activity 125:145 Glucomannan and glucomannan plus spirulina added to pork significantly block dietary cholesterol effects on lipoproteinemia, arylesterase activity, and CYP7A1 expression in Zucker fa/fa rats. 26475369 9 20 theme food 1349:1352 arg1 p < 0.01 1400:1407 p < 0.01 1400:1407 p < 0.01 1400:1407 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 9 20 theme food 1349:1352 arg1 intake 1354:1359 food intake 1349:1359 food intake 1349:1359 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 3 21 dep high-energy 535:545 arg1 high-fat 548:555 high-fat 548:555 high-fat 548:555 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. 26475369 10 22 theme CYP7A1 1929:1934 arg1 expression 1936:1945 increased CYP7A1 expression 1919:1945 increased CYP7A1 expression (p < 0.01) 1919:1956 HG and HGS diets vs. HC noticeably reduced lipidemia (p < 0.001), normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition, and increased CYP7A1 expression (p < 0.01) but did not modify the cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio. 26475369 10 22 theme CYP7A1 1929:1934 arg1 p < 0.01 1948:1955 p < 0.01 1948:1955 p < 0.01 1948:1955 HG and HGS diets vs. HC noticeably reduced lipidemia (p < 0.001), normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition, and increased CYP7A1 expression (p < 0.01) but did not modify the cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio. 26475369 9 23 theme intermediate 1643:1654 arg1 lipoproteins 1664:1675 intermediate density lipoproteins 1643:1675 intermediate density lipoproteins 1643:1675 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 0 24 theme CYP7A1 152:157 arg1 expression 159:168 CYP7A1 expression 152:168 CYP7A1 expression 152:168 Glucomannan and glucomannan plus spirulina added to pork significantly block dietary cholesterol effects on lipoproteinemia, arylesterase activity, and CYP7A1 expression in Zucker fa/fa rats. 26475369 6 25 mod modified 1102:1109 arg1 facts 1073:1077 Those facts 1067:1077 Those facts 1067:1077 Those facts were not significantly modified by G or GS diets. 26475369 6 25 mod modified 1102:1109 arg3 G 1114:1114 G 1114:1114 G 1114:1114 Those facts were not significantly modified by G or GS diets. 26475369 6 25 mod modified 1102:1109 arg3 diets 1122:1126 GS diets 1119:1126 GS diets 1119:1126 Those facts were not significantly modified by G or GS diets. 26475369 9 26 theme weight 1367:1372 arg1 gain 1374:1377 body weight gain 1362:1377 body weight gain 1362:1377 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 9 27 from ratio 1751:1755 arg1 lipoproteins 1566:1577 very low density lipoproteins 1549:1577 very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) 1549:1584 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 9 27 from ratio 1751:1755 arg1 VLDL 1580:1583 VLDL 1580:1583 VLDL 1580:1583 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 7 28 theme C 1265:1265 arg1 diet 1267:1270 C diet 1265:1270 C diet 1265:1270 G diet increased CYP7A1 expression but decreased the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05) vs. C diet. 26475369 9 29 from cholesterolemia 1424:1438 arg1 lipoproteins 1566:1577 very low density lipoproteins 1549:1577 very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) 1549:1584 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 9 29 from cholesterolemia 1424:1438 arg1 VLDL 1580:1583 VLDL 1580:1583 VLDL 1580:1583 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 4 30 theme cholesterol-enriched 884:903 arg1 glucomannan 905:915 cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets 884:939 glucomannan 905:915 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 0 31 from effects 97:103 arg1 lipoproteinemia 108:122 lipoproteinemia 108:122 lipoproteinemia 108:122 Glucomannan and glucomannan plus spirulina added to pork significantly block dietary cholesterol effects on lipoproteinemia, arylesterase activity, and CYP7A1 expression in Zucker fa/fa rats. 26475369 10 32 theme cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol 1981:2007 arg1 ratio 2009:2013 the cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio 1977:2013 the cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio 1977:2013 HG and HGS diets vs. HC noticeably reduced lipidemia (p < 0.001), normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition, and increased CYP7A1 expression (p < 0.01) but did not modify the cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio. 26475369 4 33 theme % 668:668 arg1 G 691:691 G 691:691 G 691:691 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 4 33 theme % 668:668 arg1 diet 685:688 15% glucomannan-RP diet 666:688 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G) 666:692 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 2 34 theme Restructured 251:262 arg1 pork 264:267 Restructured pork 251:267 Restructured pork (RP) 251:272 Restructured pork (RP) is a suitable matrix for including functional ingredients. 26475369 2 34 theme Restructured 251:262 arg1 matrix 288:293 a suitable matrix 277:293 a suitable matrix for including functional ingredients 277:330 Restructured pork (RP) is a suitable matrix for including functional ingredients. 26475369 2 34 theme Restructured 251:262 arg1 RP 270:271 RP 270:271 RP 270:271 Restructured pork (RP) is a suitable matrix for including functional ingredients. 26475369 9 35 theme plasma 1384:1389 arg1 glucose 1391:1397 plasma glucose 1384:1397 plasma glucose 1384:1397 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 9 36 dep cholesterolemia 1424:1438 arg1 p < 0.05 1789:1796 p < 0.05 1789:1796 p < 0.05 1789:1796 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 0 37 theme dietary 77:83 arg1 effects 97:103 dietary cholesterol effects 77:103 dietary cholesterol effects on lipoproteinemia 77:122 Glucomannan and glucomannan plus spirulina added to pork significantly block dietary cholesterol effects on lipoproteinemia, arylesterase activity, and CYP7A1 expression in Zucker fa/fa rats. 26475369 5 38 theme C 964:964 arg1 diet 966:969 C diet 964:969 C diet 964:969 C diet induced obesity, severe hyperglycemia, moderate hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. 26475369 3 39 theme RP 361:362 arg1 effects 337:343 The effects 333:343 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets 333:582 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. 26475369 5 40 theme severe 988:993 arg1 hyperglycemia 995:1007 severe hyperglycemia 988:1007 severe hyperglycemia 988:1007 C diet induced obesity, severe hyperglycemia, moderate hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. 26475369 10 41 theme increased 1919:1927 arg1 expression 1936:1945 increased CYP7A1 expression 1919:1945 increased CYP7A1 expression (p < 0.01) 1919:1956 HG and HGS diets vs. HC noticeably reduced lipidemia (p < 0.001), normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition, and increased CYP7A1 expression (p < 0.01) but did not modify the cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio. 26475369 10 41 theme increased 1919:1927 arg1 p < 0.01 1948:1955 p < 0.01 1948:1955 p < 0.01 1948:1955 HG and HGS diets vs. HC noticeably reduced lipidemia (p < 0.001), normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition, and increased CYP7A1 expression (p < 0.01) but did not modify the cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio. 26475369 3 42 theme P450 453:456 arg1 CYP7A1 463:468 CYP7A1 463:468 CYP7A1 463:468 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. 26475369 3 42 theme P450 453:456 arg1 7A1 458:460 cytochrome P450 7A1 442:460 cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression 442:480 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. 26475369 3 43 theme spirulina-enriched 384:401 arg1 RP 403:404 spirulina-enriched RP 384:404 spirulina-enriched RP 384:404 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. 26475369 4 44 theme % 697:697 arg1 glucomannan 699:709 15% glucomannan 695:709 15% glucomannan 695:709 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 4 45 dep rats 611:614 arg1 each 616:619 each 616:619 each 616:619 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 3 46 theme glucomannan 367:377 arg1 effects 337:343 The effects 333:343 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets 333:582 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. 26475369 12 47 theme cholesterol 2239:2249 arg1 GS-RP 2177:2181 GS-RP 2177:2181 GS-RP 2177:2181 In conclusion, G- and GS-RP act as functional foods and notably blocked the dietary cholesterol effects. 26475369 12 47 theme cholesterol 2239:2249 arg1 effects 2251:2257 the dietary cholesterol effects 2227:2257 the dietary cholesterol effects 2227:2257 In conclusion, G- and GS-RP act as functional foods and notably blocked the dietary cholesterol effects. 26475369 12 47 theme cholesterol 2239:2249 arg1 G- 2170:2171 G- 2170:2171 G- 2170:2171 In conclusion, G- and GS-RP act as functional foods and notably blocked the dietary cholesterol effects. 26475369 12 47 theme cholesterol 2239:2249 arg1 foods 2201:2205 functional foods 2190:2205 functional foods 2190:2205 In conclusion, G- and GS-RP act as functional foods and notably blocked the dietary cholesterol effects. 26475369 8 48 theme G 1280:1280 arg1 diet 1282:1285 G diet 1280:1285 G diet 1280:1285 GS vs. G diet increased (p < 0.05) CYP7A1 expression. 26475369 3 49 theme lipid/lipoprotein 416:432 arg1 levels 434:439 plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels 409:439 plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels 409:439 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. 26475369 4 50 dep acid 800:803 arg1 HG 875:876 HG 875:876 HG 875:876 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 4 50 dep acid 800:803 arg1 HC 836:837 HC 836:837 HC 836:837 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 4 50 dep acid 800:803 arg1 glucomannan 905:915 cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets 884:939 glucomannan 905:915 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 4 50 dep acid 800:803 arg1 control 827:833 cholesterol-enriched control 806:833 cholesterol-enriched control (HC) 806:838 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 4 50 dep acid 800:803 arg1 glucomannan 862:872 cholesterol-enriched glucomannan 841:872 cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG) 841:877 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 4 51 theme 2.4 766:768 arg1 % 769:769 % 769:769 % 769:769 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 3 52 theme arylesterase 487:498 arg1 activity 500:507 arylesterase activity 487:507 arylesterase activity 487:507 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. 26475369 9 53 theme plasma 1463:1468 arg1 cholesterol 1470:1480 plasma cholesterol 1463:1480 plasma cholesterol 1463:1480 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 7 54 theme density 1205:1211 arg1 HDL 1227:1229 HDL 1227:1229 HDL 1227:1229 G diet increased CYP7A1 expression but decreased the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05) vs. C diet. 26475369 7 54 theme density 1205:1211 arg1 lipoproteins 1213:1224 cholesterol/high density lipoproteins 1188:1224 the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05) 1178:1259 G diet increased CYP7A1 expression but decreased the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05) vs. C diet. 26475369 8 55 theme CYP7A1 1308:1313 arg1 expression 1315:1324 CYP7A1 expression 1308:1324 CYP7A1 expression 1308:1324 GS vs. G diet increased (p < 0.05) CYP7A1 expression. 26475369 3 56 from expression 471:480 arg1 rats 526:529 growing fa/fa rats 512:529 growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets 512:582 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. 26475369 9 57 from HDL 1591:1593 arg1 lipoproteins 1566:1577 very low density lipoproteins 1549:1577 very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) 1549:1584 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 9 57 from HDL 1591:1593 arg1 VLDL 1580:1583 VLDL 1580:1583 VLDL 1580:1583 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 7 58 theme total 1182:1186 arg1 ratio 1244:1248 the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio 1178:1248 the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05) 1178:1259 G diet increased CYP7A1 expression but decreased the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05) vs. C diet. 26475369 7 58 theme total 1182:1186 arg1 p < 0.05 1251:1258 p < 0.05 1251:1258 p < 0.05 1251:1258 G diet increased CYP7A1 expression but decreased the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05) vs. C diet. 26475369 9 59 theme density 1689:1695 arg1 LDL 1711:1713 LDL 1711:1713 LDL 1711:1713 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 9 59 theme density 1689:1695 arg1 lipoproteins 1697:1708 low density lipoproteins 1685:1708 low density lipoproteins (LDL) 1685:1714 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 4 60 theme rats 611:614 arg1 Groups 597:602 Groups 597:602 Groups of six rats each 597:619 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 4 60 theme rats 611:614 arg1 rats 611:614 six rats 607:614 six rats each 607:619 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 4 61 theme same 741:744 arg1 diets 746:750 same diets 741:750 same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) 741:940 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 3 62 theme fa/fa 520:524 arg1 rats 526:529 growing fa/fa rats 512:529 growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets 512:582 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. 26475369 10 63 theme lipid 1896:1900 arg1 composition 1902:1912 normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition 1866:1912 normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition 1866:1912 HG and HGS diets vs. HC noticeably reduced lipidemia (p < 0.001), normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition, and increased CYP7A1 expression (p < 0.01) but did not modify the cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio. 26475369 4 64 theme % 791:791 arg1 acid 800:803 0.49% cholic acid 787:803 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) 787:940 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 13 65 theme decreased 2381:2389 arg1 resistance 2399:2408 decreased insulin resistance 2381:2408 decreased insulin resistance 2381:2408 In addition, HGS-RP improved the glucomannan hypolipidemic effects, increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity, and decreased insulin resistance. 26475369 2 66 theme suitable 279:286 arg1 pork 264:267 Restructured pork 251:267 Restructured pork (RP) 251:272 Restructured pork (RP) is a suitable matrix for including functional ingredients. 26475369 2 66 theme suitable 279:286 arg1 matrix 288:293 a suitable matrix 277:293 a suitable matrix for including functional ingredients 277:330 Restructured pork (RP) is a suitable matrix for including functional ingredients. 26475369 9 67 theme total 1717:1721 arg1 ratio 1751:1755 total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio 1717:1755 total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio 1717:1755 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 4 68 theme % 769:769 arg1 cholesterol 771:781 2.4% cholesterol 766:781 2.4% cholesterol 766:781 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 11 69 theme triglyceride-glucose 2058:2077 arg1 TyG 2080:2082 TyG 2080:2082 TyG 2080:2082 HGS vs. HG decreased triglyceridemia, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity (p < 0.05). 26475369 11 69 theme triglyceride-glucose 2058:2077 arg1 index 2085:2089 the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index 2054:2089 the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index 2054:2089 HGS vs. HG decreased triglyceridemia, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity (p < 0.05). 26475369 7 70 theme G 1129:1129 arg1 diet 1131:1134 G diet 1129:1134 G diet 1129:1134 G diet increased CYP7A1 expression but decreased the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05) vs. C diet. 26475369 13 71 theme arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol 2338:2365 arg1 activity 2367:2374 increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity 2328:2374 increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity 2328:2374 In addition, HGS-RP improved the glucomannan hypolipidemic effects, increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity, and decreased insulin resistance. 26475369 2 72 theme functional 309:318 arg1 ingredients 320:330 functional ingredients 309:330 functional ingredients 309:330 Restructured pork (RP) is a suitable matrix for including functional ingredients. 26475369 9 73 theme C 1334:1334 arg1 diet 1336:1339 C diet 1334:1339 C diet 1334:1339 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 9 74 theme CYP7A1 1761:1766 arg1 expression 1768:1777 CYP7A1 expression 1761:1777 CYP7A1 expression 1761:1777 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 9 75 dep lipidemia 1452:1460 arg1 triglycerides 1487:1499 triglycerides 1487:1499 triglycerides 1487:1499 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 9 75 dep lipidemia 1452:1460 arg1 cholesterol 1470:1480 plasma cholesterol 1463:1480 plasma cholesterol 1463:1480 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 3 76 from activity 500:507 arg1 rats 526:529 growing fa/fa rats 512:529 growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets 512:582 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. 26475369 3 77 theme cholesterol-enriched 557:576 arg1 diets 578:582 high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets 535:582 high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets 535:582 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. 26475369 1 78 theme fa/fa 199:203 arg1 rats 205:208 Zucker fa/fa rats 192:208 Zucker fa/fa rats 192:208 Zucker fa/fa rats easily develop dyslipidemia and obesity. 26475369 9 79 theme density 1558:1564 arg1 lipoproteins 1566:1577 very low density lipoproteins 1549:1577 very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) 1549:1584 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 9 79 theme density 1558:1564 arg1 VLDL 1580:1583 VLDL 1580:1583 VLDL 1580:1583 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 11 80 theme increased 2095:2103 arg1 p < 0.05 2144:2151 p < 0.05 2144:2151 p < 0.05 2144:2151 HGS vs. HG decreased triglyceridemia, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity (p < 0.05). 26475369 11 80 theme increased 2095:2103 arg1 activity 2134:2141 increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity 2095:2141 increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity (p < 0.05) 2095:2152 HGS vs. HG decreased triglyceridemia, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity (p < 0.05). 26475369 13 81 theme hypolipidemic 2305:2317 arg1 effects 2319:2325 the glucomannan hypolipidemic effects 2289:2325 the glucomannan hypolipidemic effects 2289:2325 In addition, HGS-RP improved the glucomannan hypolipidemic effects, increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity, and decreased insulin resistance. 26475369 4 82 theme cholesterol-enriched 841:860 arg1 HG 875:876 HG 875:876 HG 875:876 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 4 82 theme cholesterol-enriched 841:860 arg1 glucomannan 862:872 cholesterol-enriched glucomannan 841:872 cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG) 841:877 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 4 83 theme % 648:648 arg1 C 662:662 C 662:662 C 662:662 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 4 83 theme % 648:648 arg1 control-RP 650:659 15% control-RP 646:659 15% control-RP (C) 646:663 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 10 84 theme HGS 1807:1809 arg1 diets 1811:1815 HGS diets 1807:1815 HGS diets 1807:1815 HG and HGS diets vs. HC noticeably reduced lipidemia (p < 0.001), normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition, and increased CYP7A1 expression (p < 0.01) but did not modify the cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio. 26475369 9 85 theme body 1362:1365 arg1 gain 1374:1377 body weight gain 1362:1377 body weight gain 1362:1377 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 4 86 theme cholesterol-enriched 806:825 arg1 HC 836:837 HC 836:837 HC 836:837 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 4 86 theme cholesterol-enriched 806:825 arg1 control 827:833 cholesterol-enriched control 806:833 cholesterol-enriched control (HC) 806:838 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 9 87 from expression 1768:1777 arg1 lipoproteins 1566:1577 very low density lipoproteins 1549:1577 very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) 1549:1584 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 9 87 from expression 1768:1777 arg1 VLDL 1580:1583 VLDL 1580:1583 VLDL 1580:1583 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 0 88 theme Zucker 173:178 arg1 rats 186:189 Zucker fa/fa rats 173:189 Zucker fa/fa rats 173:189 Glucomannan and glucomannan plus spirulina added to pork significantly block dietary cholesterol effects on lipoproteinemia, arylesterase activity, and CYP7A1 expression in Zucker fa/fa rats. 26475369 6 89 theme GS 1119:1120 arg1 diets 1122:1126 GS diets 1119:1126 GS diets 1119:1126 Those facts were not significantly modified by G or GS diets. 26475369 3 90 from effects 337:343 arg1 activity 500:507 arylesterase activity 487:507 arylesterase activity 487:507 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. 26475369 3 90 from effects 337:343 arg1 levels 434:439 plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels 409:439 plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels 409:439 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. 26475369 3 90 from effects 337:343 arg1 expression 471:480 cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression 442:480 cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression 442:480 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. 26475369 10 91 theme VLDL 1877:1880 arg1 composition 1902:1912 normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition 1866:1912 normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition 1866:1912 HG and HGS diets vs. HC noticeably reduced lipidemia (p < 0.001), normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition, and increased CYP7A1 expression (p < 0.01) but did not modify the cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio. 26475369 0 92 theme cholesterol 85:95 arg1 effects 97:103 dietary cholesterol effects 77:103 dietary cholesterol effects on lipoproteinemia 77:122 Glucomannan and glucomannan plus spirulina added to pork significantly block dietary cholesterol effects on lipoproteinemia, arylesterase activity, and CYP7A1 expression in Zucker fa/fa rats. 26475369 8 93 dep increased 1287:1295 arg1 p < 0.05 1298:1305 p < 0.05 1298:1305 p < 0.05 1298:1305 GS vs. G diet increased (p < 0.05) CYP7A1 expression. 26475369 13 94 theme glucomannan 2293:2303 arg1 effects 2319:2325 the glucomannan hypolipidemic effects 2289:2325 the glucomannan hypolipidemic effects 2289:2325 In addition, HGS-RP improved the glucomannan hypolipidemic effects, increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity, and decreased insulin resistance. 26475369 4 95 theme glucomannan-RP 670:683 arg1 G 691:691 G 691:691 G 691:691 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 4 95 theme glucomannan-RP 670:683 arg1 diet 685:688 15% glucomannan-RP diet 666:688 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G) 666:692 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 3 96 from levels 434:439 arg1 rats 526:529 growing fa/fa rats 512:529 growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets 512:582 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. 26475369 4 97 theme spirulina-RP 713:724 arg1 diet 726:729 spirulina-RP diet 713:729 spirulina-RP diet (GS) 713:734 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 4 97 theme spirulina-RP 713:724 arg1 GS 732:733 GS 732:733 GS 732:733 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 10 98 theme normalized 1866:1875 arg1 composition 1902:1912 normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition 1866:1912 normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition 1866:1912 HG and HGS diets vs. HC noticeably reduced lipidemia (p < 0.001), normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition, and increased CYP7A1 expression (p < 0.01) but did not modify the cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio. 26475369 3 99 theme glucomannan- 348:359 arg1 RP 361:362 glucomannan- RP 348:362 glucomannan- RP 348:362 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. 26475369 3 100 theme 7A1 458:460 arg1 expression 471:480 cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression 442:480 cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression 442:480 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. 26475369 5 101 theme moderate 1010:1017 arg1 hypercholesterolemia 1019:1038 moderate hypercholesterolemia 1010:1038 moderate hypercholesterolemia 1010:1038 C diet induced obesity, severe hyperglycemia, moderate hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. 26475369 7 102 theme -cholesterol 1231:1242 arg1 ratio 1244:1248 the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio 1178:1248 the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05) 1178:1259 G diet increased CYP7A1 expression but decreased the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05) vs. C diet. 26475369 7 102 theme -cholesterol 1231:1242 arg1 p < 0.05 1251:1258 p < 0.05 1251:1258 p < 0.05 1251:1258 G diet increased CYP7A1 expression but decreased the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05) vs. C diet. 26475369 3 103 theme cytochrome 442:451 arg1 P450 453:456 cytochrome P450 442:456 cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression 442:480 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. 26475369 9 104 theme density 1656:1662 arg1 lipoproteins 1664:1675 intermediate density lipoproteins 1643:1675 intermediate density lipoproteins 1643:1675 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 9 105 from lipidemia 1452:1460 arg1 lipoproteins 1566:1577 very low density lipoproteins 1549:1577 very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) 1549:1584 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 9 105 from lipidemia 1452:1460 arg1 VLDL 1580:1583 VLDL 1580:1583 VLDL 1580:1583 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 7 106 theme lipoproteins 1213:1224 arg1 ratio 1244:1248 the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio 1178:1248 the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05) 1178:1259 G diet increased CYP7A1 expression but decreased the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05) vs. C diet. 26475369 7 106 theme lipoproteins 1213:1224 arg1 p < 0.05 1251:1258 p < 0.05 1251:1258 p < 0.05 1251:1258 G diet increased CYP7A1 expression but decreased the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05) vs. C diet. 26475369 4 107 theme spirulina 919:927 arg1 HGS 930:932 HGS 930:932 HGS 930:932 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 4 107 theme spirulina 919:927 arg1 diets 935:939 cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets 884:939 diets 935:939 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 4 108 contain containing 635:644 arg2 C 662:662 C 662:662 C 662:662 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 4 108 contain containing 635:644 arg2 diet 685:688 15% glucomannan-RP diet 666:688 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G) 666:692 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 4 108 contain containing 635:644 arg2 G 691:691 G 691:691 G 691:691 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 4 108 contain containing 635:644 arg1 diet 630:633 diet 630:633 diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) 630:940 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 4 108 contain containing 635:644 arg2 control-RP 650:659 15% control-RP 646:659 15% control-RP (C) 646:663 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 4 108 contain containing 635:644 arg2 diets 746:750 same diets 741:750 same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) 741:940 Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. 26475369 9 109 from cholesterol 1607:1617 arg1 lipoproteins 1566:1577 very low density lipoproteins 1549:1577 very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) 1549:1584 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 9 109 from cholesterol 1607:1617 arg1 VLDL 1580:1583 VLDL 1580:1583 VLDL 1580:1583 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 7 110 theme cholesterol/high 1188:1203 arg1 HDL 1227:1229 HDL 1227:1229 HDL 1227:1229 G diet increased CYP7A1 expression but decreased the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05) vs. C diet. 26475369 7 110 theme cholesterol/high 1188:1203 arg1 lipoproteins 1213:1224 cholesterol/high density lipoproteins 1188:1224 the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05) 1178:1259 G diet increased CYP7A1 expression but decreased the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05) vs. C diet. 26475369 3 111 theme plasma 409:414 arg1 levels 434:439 plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels 409:439 plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels 409:439 The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. 26475369 12 112 theme dietary 2231:2237 arg1 GS-RP 2177:2181 GS-RP 2177:2181 GS-RP 2177:2181 In conclusion, G- and GS-RP act as functional foods and notably blocked the dietary cholesterol effects. 26475369 12 112 theme dietary 2231:2237 arg1 effects 2251:2257 the dietary cholesterol effects 2227:2257 the dietary cholesterol effects 2227:2257 In conclusion, G- and GS-RP act as functional foods and notably blocked the dietary cholesterol effects. 26475369 12 112 theme dietary 2231:2237 arg1 G- 2170:2171 G- 2170:2171 G- 2170:2171 In conclusion, G- and GS-RP act as functional foods and notably blocked the dietary cholesterol effects. 26475369 12 112 theme dietary 2231:2237 arg1 foods 2201:2205 functional foods 2190:2205 functional foods 2190:2205 In conclusion, G- and GS-RP act as functional foods and notably blocked the dietary cholesterol effects. 26475369 9 113 theme low 1685:1687 arg1 LDL 1711:1713 LDL 1711:1713 LDL 1711:1713 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 9 113 theme low 1685:1687 arg1 lipoproteins 1697:1708 low density lipoproteins 1685:1708 low density lipoproteins (LDL) 1685:1714 HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). 26475369 12 114 theme functional 2190:2199 arg1 GS-RP 2177:2181 GS-RP 2177:2181 GS-RP 2177:2181 In conclusion, G- and GS-RP act as functional foods and notably blocked the dietary cholesterol effects. 26475369 12 114 theme functional 2190:2199 arg1 effects 2251:2257 the dietary cholesterol effects 2227:2257 the dietary cholesterol effects 2227:2257 In conclusion, G- and GS-RP act as functional foods and notably blocked the dietary cholesterol effects. 26475369 12 114 theme functional 2190:2199 arg1 G- 2170:2171 G- 2170:2171 G- 2170:2171 In conclusion, G- and GS-RP act as functional foods and notably blocked the dietary cholesterol effects. 26475369 12 114 theme functional 2190:2199 arg1 foods 2201:2205 functional foods 2190:2205 functional foods 2190:2205 In conclusion, G- and GS-RP act as functional foods and notably blocked the dietary cholesterol effects. 26475369 0 115 from activity 138:145 arg1 lipoproteinemia 108:122 lipoproteinemia 108:122 lipoproteinemia 108:122 Glucomannan and glucomannan plus spirulina added to pork significantly block dietary cholesterol effects on lipoproteinemia, arylesterase activity, and CYP7A1 expression in Zucker fa/fa rats. 25964086 8 0 theme high-fat 1182:1189 arg1 rats 1196:1199 high-fat diet rats 1182:1199 high-fat diet rats 1182:1199 Analysis of inflammatory cytokines declared that the inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 could be carried by juglone in response to high-fat diet rats. 25964086 11 1 theme inflammatory 1572:1583 arg1 secretion 1594:1602 inflammatory cytokine secretion 1572:1602 inflammatory cytokine secretion 1572:1602 These results indicated that juglone prevents high-fat diet-induced liver injury and nerve inflammation in mice through inhibition of inflammatory cytokine secretion, NF-kappa B activation and endotoxin production. 25964086 1 2 theme functional 267:276 arg1 composition 278:288 the functional composition 263:288 the functional composition among a series of compounds 263:316 Juglone as a natural production mainly extracted from green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica has been defined as the functional composition among a series of compounds. 25964086 1 2 theme functional 267:276 arg1 Juglone 147:153 Juglone 147:153 Juglone as a natural production mainly extracted from green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica 147:241 Juglone as a natural production mainly extracted from green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica has been defined as the functional composition among a series of compounds. 25964086 0 3 theme signaling 106:114 arg1 pathway 116:122 TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway 95:122 TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in high-fat diet rats 95:144 Juglone prevents metabolic endotoxemia-induced hepatitis and neuroinflammation via suppressing TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in high-fat diet rats. 25964086 3 4 from studies 436:442 arg1 effect 469:474 its anti-inflammatory effect 447:474 its anti-inflammatory effect based on high-fat diet-induced hepatitis and neuroinflammation 447:537 However, studies on its anti-inflammatory effect based on high-fat diet-induced hepatitis and neuroinflammation are still not available. 25964086 8 5 theme cytokines 1075:1083 arg1 Analysis 1050:1057 Analysis 1050:1057 Analysis of inflammatory cytokines 1050:1083 Analysis of inflammatory cytokines declared that the inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 could be carried by juglone in response to high-fat diet rats. 25964086 0 6 theme high-fat 127:134 arg1 rats 141:144 high-fat diet rats 127:144 high-fat diet rats 127:144 Juglone prevents metabolic endotoxemia-induced hepatitis and neuroinflammation via suppressing TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in high-fat diet rats. 25964086 9 7 theme hepatitis 1317:1325 arg1 development 1302:1312 the development 1298:1312 the development of hepatitis and nerve inflammation 1298:1348 Meanwhile, TLR4 expression and NF-kappa activity also have been confirmed to be the key link in the development of hepatitis and nerve inflammation. 25964086 8 8 dep rats 1196:1199 arg1 response 1170:1177 response 1170:1177 response 1170:1177 Analysis of inflammatory cytokines declared that the inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 could be carried by juglone in response to high-fat diet rats. 25964086 7 9 theme inhibitory 1011:1020 arg1 effect 1022:1027 the inhibitory effect 1007:1027 the inhibitory effect of juglone in vitro 1007:1047 Also, the primary astrocytes were isolated and used to analyze the inhibitory effect of juglone in vitro. 25964086 4 10 theme liver 654:658 arg1 injury 660:665 high-fat diet-stimulated liver injury 629:665 high-fat diet-stimulated liver injury 629:665 In this regard, we first investigated whether juglone suppresses high-fat diet-stimulated liver injury, hypothalamus inflammation and underlying mechanisms by which they may recover them. 25964086 8 11 theme diet 1191:1194 arg1 rats 1196:1199 high-fat diet rats 1182:1199 high-fat diet rats 1182:1199 Analysis of inflammatory cytokines declared that the inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 could be carried by juglone in response to high-fat diet rats. 25964086 11 12 theme cytokine 1585:1592 arg1 secretion 1594:1602 inflammatory cytokine secretion 1572:1602 inflammatory cytokine secretion 1572:1602 These results indicated that juglone prevents high-fat diet-induced liver injury and nerve inflammation in mice through inhibition of inflammatory cytokine secretion, NF-kappa B activation and endotoxin production. 25964086 11 13 theme diet-induced 1493:1504 arg1 injury 1512:1517 high-fat diet-induced liver injury 1484:1517 high-fat diet-induced liver injury 1484:1517 These results indicated that juglone prevents high-fat diet-induced liver injury and nerve inflammation in mice through inhibition of inflammatory cytokine secretion, NF-kappa B activation and endotoxin production. 25964086 4 14 theme diet-stimulated 638:652 arg1 injury 660:665 high-fat diet-stimulated liver injury 629:665 high-fat diet-stimulated liver injury 629:665 In this regard, we first investigated whether juglone suppresses high-fat diet-stimulated liver injury, hypothalamus inflammation and underlying mechanisms by which they may recover them. 25964086 5 15 theme high-fat 796:803 arg1 diet 805:808 high-fat diet 796:808 high-fat diet 796:808 SD rats were orally treated with or without high-fat diet, 0.25 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg juglone for 70 days. 25964086 9 16 theme nerve 1331:1335 arg1 development 1302:1312 the development 1298:1312 the development of hepatitis and nerve inflammation 1298:1348 Meanwhile, TLR4 expression and NF-kappa activity also have been confirmed to be the key link in the development of hepatitis and nerve inflammation. 25964086 11 17 theme B 1614:1614 arg1 activation 1616:1625 NF-kappa B activation 1605:1625 NF-kappa B activation 1605:1625 These results indicated that juglone prevents high-fat diet-induced liver injury and nerve inflammation in mice through inhibition of inflammatory cytokine secretion, NF-kappa B activation and endotoxin production. 25964086 11 18 theme high-fat 1484:1491 arg1 injury 1512:1517 high-fat diet-induced liver injury 1484:1517 high-fat diet-induced liver injury 1484:1517 These results indicated that juglone prevents high-fat diet-induced liver injury and nerve inflammation in mice through inhibition of inflammatory cytokine secretion, NF-kappa B activation and endotoxin production. 25964086 0 19 theme diet 136:139 arg1 rats 141:144 high-fat diet rats 127:144 high-fat diet rats 127:144 Juglone prevents metabolic endotoxemia-induced hepatitis and neuroinflammation via suppressing TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in high-fat diet rats. 25964086 4 20 theme high-fat 629:636 arg1 injury 660:665 high-fat diet-stimulated liver injury 629:665 high-fat diet-stimulated liver injury 629:665 In this regard, we first investigated whether juglone suppresses high-fat diet-stimulated liver injury, hypothalamus inflammation and underlying mechanisms by which they may recover them. 25964086 9 21 theme NF-kappa 1233:1240 arg1 expression 1218:1227 TLR4 expression 1213:1227 TLR4 expression 1213:1227 Meanwhile, TLR4 expression and NF-kappa activity also have been confirmed to be the key link in the development of hepatitis and nerve inflammation. 25964086 9 21 theme NF-kappa 1233:1240 arg1 activity 1242:1249 NF-kappa activity 1233:1249 NF-kappa activity 1233:1249 Meanwhile, TLR4 expression and NF-kappa activity also have been confirmed to be the key link in the development of hepatitis and nerve inflammation. 25964086 9 21 theme NF-kappa 1233:1240 arg1 link 1290:1293 the key link 1282:1293 the key link in the development of hepatitis and nerve inflammation 1282:1348 Meanwhile, TLR4 expression and NF-kappa activity also have been confirmed to be the key link in the development of hepatitis and nerve inflammation. 25964086 9 21 theme NF-kappa 1233:1240 arg1 Meanwhile 1202:1210 Meanwhile 1202:1210 Meanwhile 1202:1210 Meanwhile, TLR4 expression and NF-kappa activity also have been confirmed to be the key link in the development of hepatitis and nerve inflammation. 25964086 2 22 dep inflammation 390:401 arg1 growth 419:424 growth 419:424 growth 419:424 It showed powerful protective effect in various diseases by inhibiting inflammation and tumor cells growth. 25964086 1 23 theme green 201:205 arg1 husks 214:218 green walnut husks 201:218 green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica 201:241 Juglone as a natural production mainly extracted from green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica has been defined as the functional composition among a series of compounds. 25964086 6 24 theme different 924:932 arg1 analysis 934:941 different analysis 924:941 different analysis 924:941 Subsequently, blood, hypothalamus and liver tissue were collected for different analysis. 25964086 9 25 from link 1290:1293 arg1 development 1302:1312 the development 1298:1312 the development of hepatitis and nerve inflammation 1298:1348 Meanwhile, TLR4 expression and NF-kappa activity also have been confirmed to be the key link in the development of hepatitis and nerve inflammation. 25964086 2 26 theme protective 338:347 arg1 effect 349:354 powerful protective effect 329:354 powerful protective effect 329:354 It showed powerful protective effect in various diseases by inhibiting inflammation and tumor cells growth. 25964086 1 27 theme walnut 207:212 arg1 husks 214:218 green walnut husks 201:218 green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica 201:241 Juglone as a natural production mainly extracted from green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica has been defined as the functional composition among a series of compounds. 25964086 8 28 theme TNF-α 1117:1121 arg1 inhibition 1103:1112 the inhibition 1099:1112 the inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 1099:1137 Analysis of inflammatory cytokines declared that the inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 could be carried by juglone in response to high-fat diet rats. 25964086 8 29 theme inflammatory 1062:1073 arg1 cytokines 1075:1083 inflammatory cytokines 1062:1083 inflammatory cytokines 1062:1083 Analysis of inflammatory cytokines declared that the inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 could be carried by juglone in response to high-fat diet rats. 25964086 2 30 theme powerful 329:336 arg1 effect 349:354 powerful protective effect 329:354 powerful protective effect 329:354 It showed powerful protective effect in various diseases by inhibiting inflammation and tumor cells growth. 25964086 3 31 theme anti-inflammatory 451:467 arg1 effect 469:474 its anti-inflammatory effect 447:474 its anti-inflammatory effect based on high-fat diet-induced hepatitis and neuroinflammation 447:537 However, studies on its anti-inflammatory effect based on high-fat diet-induced hepatitis and neuroinflammation are still not available. 25964086 0 32 theme endotoxemia-induced 27:45 arg1 hepatitis 47:55 metabolic endotoxemia-induced hepatitis 17:55 metabolic endotoxemia-induced hepatitis 17:55 Juglone prevents metabolic endotoxemia-induced hepatitis and neuroinflammation via suppressing TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in high-fat diet rats. 25964086 9 33 dep hepatitis 1317:1325 arg1 inflammation 1337:1348 inflammation 1337:1348 inflammation 1337:1348 Meanwhile, TLR4 expression and NF-kappa activity also have been confirmed to be the key link in the development of hepatitis and nerve inflammation. 25964086 11 34 theme secretion 1594:1602 arg1 inhibition 1558:1567 inhibition 1558:1567 inhibition of inflammatory cytokine secretion, NF-kappa B activation and endotoxin production 1558:1650 These results indicated that juglone prevents high-fat diet-induced liver injury and nerve inflammation in mice through inhibition of inflammatory cytokine secretion, NF-kappa B activation and endotoxin production. 25964086 3 35 theme diet-induced 494:505 arg1 hepatitis 507:515 high-fat diet-induced hepatitis 485:515 high-fat diet-induced hepatitis 485:515 However, studies on its anti-inflammatory effect based on high-fat diet-induced hepatitis and neuroinflammation are still not available. 25964086 0 36 theme metabolic 17:25 arg1 hepatitis 47:55 metabolic endotoxemia-induced hepatitis 17:55 metabolic endotoxemia-induced hepatitis 17:55 Juglone prevents metabolic endotoxemia-induced hepatitis and neuroinflammation via suppressing TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in high-fat diet rats. 25964086 1 37 theme compounds 308:316 arg1 series 298:303 a series 296:303 a series of compounds 296:316 Juglone as a natural production mainly extracted from green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica has been defined as the functional composition among a series of compounds. 25964086 8 38 theme IL-1β 1124:1128 arg1 inhibition 1103:1112 the inhibition 1099:1112 the inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 1099:1137 Analysis of inflammatory cytokines declared that the inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 could be carried by juglone in response to high-fat diet rats. 25964086 0 39 from pathway 116:122 arg1 rats 141:144 high-fat diet rats 127:144 high-fat diet rats 127:144 Juglone prevents metabolic endotoxemia-induced hepatitis and neuroinflammation via suppressing TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in high-fat diet rats. 25964086 11 40 theme liver 1506:1510 arg1 injury 1512:1517 high-fat diet-induced liver injury 1484:1517 high-fat diet-induced liver injury 1484:1517 These results indicated that juglone prevents high-fat diet-induced liver injury and nerve inflammation in mice through inhibition of inflammatory cytokine secretion, NF-kappa B activation and endotoxin production. 25964086 7 41 used used 991:994 arg2 astrocytes 962:971 the primary astrocytes 950:971 the primary astrocytes 950:971 Also, the primary astrocytes were isolated and used to analyze the inhibitory effect of juglone in vitro. 25964086 11 42 theme endotoxin 1631:1639 arg1 production 1641:1650 endotoxin production 1631:1650 endotoxin production 1631:1650 These results indicated that juglone prevents high-fat diet-induced liver injury and nerve inflammation in mice through inhibition of inflammatory cytokine secretion, NF-kappa B activation and endotoxin production. 25964086 2 43 theme tumor 407:411 arg1 cells 413:417 tumor cells 407:417 tumor cells 407:417 It showed powerful protective effect in various diseases by inhibiting inflammation and tumor cells growth. 25964086 1 44 theme mandshurica 231:241 arg1 husks 214:218 green walnut husks 201:218 green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica 201:241 Juglone as a natural production mainly extracted from green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica has been defined as the functional composition among a series of compounds. 25964086 8 45 theme IL-6 1134:1137 arg1 inhibition 1103:1112 the inhibition 1099:1112 the inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 1099:1137 Analysis of inflammatory cytokines declared that the inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 could be carried by juglone in response to high-fat diet rats. 25964086 3 46 theme high-fat 485:492 arg1 hepatitis 507:515 high-fat diet-induced hepatitis 485:515 high-fat diet-induced hepatitis 485:515 However, studies on its anti-inflammatory effect based on high-fat diet-induced hepatitis and neuroinflammation are still not available. 25964086 11 47 from injury 1512:1517 arg1 mice 1545:1548 mice 1545:1548 mice 1545:1548 These results indicated that juglone prevents high-fat diet-induced liver injury and nerve inflammation in mice through inhibition of inflammatory cytokine secretion, NF-kappa B activation and endotoxin production. 25964086 5 48 dep diet 805:808 arg1 juglone 833:839 juglone 833:839 juglone 833:839 SD rats were orally treated with or without high-fat diet, 0.25 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg juglone for 70 days. 25964086 6 49 theme liver 892:896 arg1 tissue 898:903 liver tissue 892:903 liver tissue 892:903 Subsequently, blood, hypothalamus and liver tissue were collected for different analysis. 25964086 11 50 theme NF-kappa 1605:1612 arg1 B 1614:1614 NF-kappa B 1605:1614 NF-kappa B activation 1605:1625 These results indicated that juglone prevents high-fat diet-induced liver injury and nerve inflammation in mice through inhibition of inflammatory cytokine secretion, NF-kappa B activation and endotoxin production. 25964086 11 51 theme production 1641:1650 arg1 inhibition 1558:1567 inhibition 1558:1567 inhibition of inflammatory cytokine secretion, NF-kappa B activation and endotoxin production 1558:1650 These results indicated that juglone prevents high-fat diet-induced liver injury and nerve inflammation in mice through inhibition of inflammatory cytokine secretion, NF-kappa B activation and endotoxin production. 25964086 2 52 theme various 359:365 arg1 diseases 367:374 various diseases 359:374 various diseases 359:374 It showed powerful protective effect in various diseases by inhibiting inflammation and tumor cells growth. 25964086 7 53 theme primary 954:960 arg1 astrocytes 962:971 the primary astrocytes 950:971 the primary astrocytes 950:971 Also, the primary astrocytes were isolated and used to analyze the inhibitory effect of juglone in vitro. 25964086 7 54 theme in vitro 1040:1047 arg1 effect 1022:1027 the inhibitory effect 1007:1027 the inhibitory effect of juglone in vitro 1007:1047 Also, the primary astrocytes were isolated and used to analyze the inhibitory effect of juglone in vitro. 25964086 5 55 theme SD 752:753 arg1 rats 755:758 SD rats 752:758 SD rats 752:758 SD rats were orally treated with or without high-fat diet, 0.25 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg juglone for 70 days. 25964086 9 56 theme key 1286:1288 arg1 expression 1218:1227 TLR4 expression 1213:1227 TLR4 expression 1213:1227 Meanwhile, TLR4 expression and NF-kappa activity also have been confirmed to be the key link in the development of hepatitis and nerve inflammation. 25964086 9 56 theme key 1286:1288 arg1 activity 1242:1249 NF-kappa activity 1233:1249 NF-kappa activity 1233:1249 Meanwhile, TLR4 expression and NF-kappa activity also have been confirmed to be the key link in the development of hepatitis and nerve inflammation. 25964086 9 56 theme key 1286:1288 arg1 link 1290:1293 the key link 1282:1293 the key link in the development of hepatitis and nerve inflammation 1282:1348 Meanwhile, TLR4 expression and NF-kappa activity also have been confirmed to be the key link in the development of hepatitis and nerve inflammation. 25964086 9 56 theme key 1286:1288 arg1 Meanwhile 1202:1210 Meanwhile 1202:1210 Meanwhile 1202:1210 Meanwhile, TLR4 expression and NF-kappa activity also have been confirmed to be the key link in the development of hepatitis and nerve inflammation. 25964086 9 57 theme TLR4 1213:1216 arg1 expression 1218:1227 TLR4 expression 1213:1227 TLR4 expression 1213:1227 Meanwhile, TLR4 expression and NF-kappa activity also have been confirmed to be the key link in the development of hepatitis and nerve inflammation. 25964086 9 57 theme TLR4 1213:1216 arg1 activity 1242:1249 NF-kappa activity 1233:1249 NF-kappa activity 1233:1249 Meanwhile, TLR4 expression and NF-kappa activity also have been confirmed to be the key link in the development of hepatitis and nerve inflammation. 25964086 9 57 theme TLR4 1213:1216 arg1 link 1290:1293 the key link 1282:1293 the key link in the development of hepatitis and nerve inflammation 1282:1348 Meanwhile, TLR4 expression and NF-kappa activity also have been confirmed to be the key link in the development of hepatitis and nerve inflammation. 25964086 9 57 theme TLR4 1213:1216 arg1 Meanwhile 1202:1210 Meanwhile 1202:1210 Meanwhile 1202:1210 Meanwhile, TLR4 expression and NF-kappa activity also have been confirmed to be the key link in the development of hepatitis and nerve inflammation. 25964086 11 58 theme activation 1616:1625 arg1 inhibition 1558:1567 inhibition 1558:1567 inhibition of inflammatory cytokine secretion, NF-kappa B activation and endotoxin production 1558:1650 These results indicated that juglone prevents high-fat diet-induced liver injury and nerve inflammation in mice through inhibition of inflammatory cytokine secretion, NF-kappa B activation and endotoxin production. 25964086 7 59 theme juglone 1032:1038 arg1 in vitro 1040:1047 juglone in vitro 1032:1047 juglone in vitro 1032:1047 Also, the primary astrocytes were isolated and used to analyze the inhibitory effect of juglone in vitro. 25964086 11 60 theme nerve 1523:1527 arg1 inflammation 1529:1540 nerve inflammation 1523:1540 nerve inflammation 1523:1540 These results indicated that juglone prevents high-fat diet-induced liver injury and nerve inflammation in mice through inhibition of inflammatory cytokine secretion, NF-kappa B activation and endotoxin production. 25964086 11 61 from inflammation 1529:1540 arg1 mice 1545:1548 mice 1545:1548 mice 1545:1548 These results indicated that juglone prevents high-fat diet-induced liver injury and nerve inflammation in mice through inhibition of inflammatory cytokine secretion, NF-kappa B activation and endotoxin production. 25964086 0 62 theme TLR4/NF-κB 95:104 arg1 pathway 116:122 TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway 95:122 TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in high-fat diet rats 95:144 Juglone prevents metabolic endotoxemia-induced hepatitis and neuroinflammation via suppressing TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in high-fat diet rats. 25964086 10 63 theme treatment 1398:1406 arg1 group 1408:1412 treatment group 1398:1412 treatment group 1398:1412 The activation was significantly suppressed in treatment group as compared with model. 25964086 4 64 theme underlying 698:707 arg1 mechanisms 709:718 underlying mechanisms 698:718 underlying mechanisms by which they may recover them 698:749 In this regard, we first investigated whether juglone suppresses high-fat diet-stimulated liver injury, hypothalamus inflammation and underlying mechanisms by which they may recover them. 25964086 1 65 theme natural 160:166 arg1 production 168:177 a natural production 158:177 a natural production mainly extracted from green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica 158:241 Juglone as a natural production mainly extracted from green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica has been defined as the functional composition among a series of compounds. 25964086 4 66 theme hypothalamus 668:679 arg1 inflammation 681:692 hypothalamus inflammation 668:692 hypothalamus inflammation 668:692 In this regard, we first investigated whether juglone suppresses high-fat diet-stimulated liver injury, hypothalamus inflammation and underlying mechanisms by which they may recover them. 24867990 2 0 theme care 499:502 arg1 system 504:509 the health care system 488:509 the health care system 488:509 Quickly spreading and highly virulent community-acquired (CA) MRSA strains recently emerged as a frequent cause of infection in individuals without exposure to the health care system. 24867990 3 1 theme proteolytic 700:710 arg1 activity 712:719 the proteolytic activity 696:719 the proteolytic activity of ClpXP 696:728 In this study, we found that the inactivation of the components of the ClpXP protease substantially increased the β-lactam resistance level of a CA-MRSA USA300 strain, suggesting that the proteolytic activity of ClpXP controls one or more pathways modulating β-lactam resistance. 24867990 4 2 theme cellular 861:868 arg1 unaltered 891:899 unaltered 891:899 unaltered 891:899 These pathways do not involve the control of mecA expression, as the cellular levels of PBP2a were unaltered in the clp mutants. 24867990 4 2 theme cellular 861:868 arg1 levels 870:875 the cellular levels 857:875 the cellular levels of PBP2a 857:884 These pathways do not involve the control of mecA expression, as the cellular levels of PBP2a were unaltered in the clp mutants. 24867990 5 3 theme enhanced 1062:1069 arg1 tolerance 1080:1088 the enhanced β-lactam tolerance 1058:1088 the enhanced β-lactam tolerance 1058:1088 An analysis of the cell envelope properties of the clpX and clpP mutants revealed a number of distinct phenotypes that may contribute to the enhanced β-lactam tolerance. 24867990 7 4 located observed 1396:1403 arg2 processing 1353:1362 altered processing 1345:1362 altered processing of the major autolysin Atl 1345:1389 Moreover, changes in Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis and altered processing of the major autolysin Atl were observed in the clp mutants. 24867990 7 4 located observed 1396:1403 arg1 mutants 1416:1422 the clp mutants 1408:1422 the clp mutants 1408:1422 Moreover, changes in Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis and altered processing of the major autolysin Atl were observed in the clp mutants. 24867990 7 4 located observed 1396:1403 arg2 changes 1291:1297 changes 1291:1297 changes in Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis 1291:1339 Moreover, changes in Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis and altered processing of the major autolysin Atl were observed in the clp mutants. 24867990 2 5 theme health 492:497 arg1 system 504:509 the health care system 488:509 the health care system 488:509 Quickly spreading and highly virulent community-acquired (CA) MRSA strains recently emerged as a frequent cause of infection in individuals without exposure to the health care system. 24867990 0 6 from resistance 9:18 arg1 aureus 60:65 Staphylococcus aureus 45:65 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 23:72 β-Lactam resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 is increased by inactivation of the ClpXP protease. 24867990 5 7 theme phenotypes 1024:1033 arg1 number 1005:1010 a number 1003:1010 a number of distinct phenotypes that may contribute to the enhanced β-lactam tolerance 1003:1088 An analysis of the cell envelope properties of the clpX and clpP mutants revealed a number of distinct phenotypes that may contribute to the enhanced β-lactam tolerance. 24867990 2 8 theme community-acquired 366:383 arg1 strains 395:401 highly virulent community-acquired (CA) MRSA strains 350:401 highly virulent community-acquired (CA) MRSA strains 350:401 Quickly spreading and highly virulent community-acquired (CA) MRSA strains recently emerged as a frequent cause of infection in individuals without exposure to the health care system. 24867990 8 9 theme strain-dependent 1618:1633 arg1 resistance 1644:1653 strain-dependent β-lactam resistance 1618:1653 strain-dependent β-lactam resistance 1618:1653 In conclusion, the results presented here point to an important role for the ClpXP protease in controlling cell wall metabolism and add novel insights into the molecular factors that determine strain-dependent β-lactam resistance. 24867990 0 10 theme ClpXP 110:114 arg1 protease 116:123 the ClpXP protease 106:123 the ClpXP protease 106:123 β-Lactam resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 is increased by inactivation of the ClpXP protease. 24867990 5 11 theme clpX 972:975 arg1 mutants 986:992 the clpX and clpP mutants 968:992 the clpX and clpP mutants 968:992 An analysis of the cell envelope properties of the clpX and clpP mutants revealed a number of distinct phenotypes that may contribute to the enhanced β-lactam tolerance. 24867990 7 12 theme autolysin 1377:1385 arg1 Atl 1387:1389 the major autolysin Atl 1367:1389 the major autolysin Atl 1367:1389 Moreover, changes in Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis and altered processing of the major autolysin Atl were observed in the clp mutants. 24867990 5 13 theme cell 940:943 arg1 properties 954:963 the cell envelope properties 936:963 the cell envelope properties of the clpX and clpP mutants 936:992 An analysis of the cell envelope properties of the clpX and clpP mutants revealed a number of distinct phenotypes that may contribute to the enhanced β-lactam tolerance. 24867990 8 14 theme molecular 1585:1593 arg1 factors 1595:1601 the molecular factors 1581:1601 the molecular factors that determine strain-dependent β-lactam resistance 1581:1653 In conclusion, the results presented here point to an important role for the ClpXP protease in controlling cell wall metabolism and add novel insights into the molecular factors that determine strain-dependent β-lactam resistance. 24867990 3 15 theme ClpXP 724:728 arg1 activity 712:719 the proteolytic activity 696:719 the proteolytic activity of ClpXP 696:728 In this study, we found that the inactivation of the components of the ClpXP protease substantially increased the β-lactam resistance level of a CA-MRSA USA300 strain, suggesting that the proteolytic activity of ClpXP controls one or more pathways modulating β-lactam resistance. 24867990 6 16 theme wild 1269:1272 arg1 types 1274:1278 the wild types 1265:1278 the wild types 1265:1278 Both mutants displayed significantly thicker cell walls, increased peptidoglycan cross-linking, and altered composition of monomeric muropeptide species compared to those of the wild types. 24867990 5 17 theme envelope 945:952 arg1 properties 954:963 the cell envelope properties 936:963 the cell envelope properties of the clpX and clpP mutants 936:992 An analysis of the cell envelope properties of the clpX and clpP mutants revealed a number of distinct phenotypes that may contribute to the enhanced β-lactam tolerance. 24867990 7 18 from processing 1353:1362 arg1 hydrolysis 1330:1339 Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis 1302:1339 Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis 1302:1339 Moreover, changes in Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis and altered processing of the major autolysin Atl were observed in the clp mutants. 24867990 5 19 theme β-lactam 1071:1078 arg1 tolerance 1080:1088 the enhanced β-lactam tolerance 1058:1088 the enhanced β-lactam tolerance 1058:1088 An analysis of the cell envelope properties of the clpX and clpP mutants revealed a number of distinct phenotypes that may contribute to the enhanced β-lactam tolerance. 24867990 4 20 theme expression 842:851 arg1 control 826:832 the control 822:832 the control of mecA expression 822:851 These pathways do not involve the control of mecA expression, as the cellular levels of PBP2a were unaltered in the clp mutants. 24867990 2 21 theme frequent 425:432 arg1 cause 434:438 a frequent cause 423:438 a frequent cause of infection in individuals without exposure to the health care system 423:509 Quickly spreading and highly virulent community-acquired (CA) MRSA strains recently emerged as a frequent cause of infection in individuals without exposure to the health care system. 24867990 1 22 contain has 290:292 arg2 affinity 304:311 decreased affinity 294:311 decreased affinity for β-lactams 294:325 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has acquired the mecA gene encoding a peptidoglycan transpeptidase, penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which has decreased affinity for β-lactams. 24867990 1 22 contain has 290:292 arg1 2a 272:273 penicillin binding protein 2a 245:273 penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a) 245:281 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has acquired the mecA gene encoding a peptidoglycan transpeptidase, penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which has decreased affinity for β-lactams. 24867990 1 22 contain has 290:292 arg1 transpeptidase 229:242 a peptidoglycan transpeptidase 213:242 a peptidoglycan transpeptidase 213:242 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has acquired the mecA gene encoding a peptidoglycan transpeptidase, penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which has decreased affinity for β-lactams. 24867990 0 23 theme protease 116:123 arg1 inactivation 90:101 inactivation 90:101 inactivation of the ClpXP protease 90:123 β-Lactam resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 is increased by inactivation of the ClpXP protease. 24867990 8 24 theme cell 1532:1535 arg1 metabolism 1542:1551 cell wall metabolism 1532:1551 cell wall metabolism 1532:1551 In conclusion, the results presented here point to an important role for the ClpXP protease in controlling cell wall metabolism and add novel insights into the molecular factors that determine strain-dependent β-lactam resistance. 24867990 4 25 theme mecA 837:840 arg1 expression 842:851 mecA expression 837:851 mecA expression 837:851 These pathways do not involve the control of mecA expression, as the cellular levels of PBP2a were unaltered in the clp mutants. 24867990 7 26 theme Sle1-mediated 1302:1314 arg1 hydrolysis 1330:1339 Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis 1302:1339 Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis 1302:1339 Moreover, changes in Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis and altered processing of the major autolysin Atl were observed in the clp mutants. 24867990 7 27 theme major 1371:1375 arg1 Atl 1387:1389 the major autolysin Atl 1367:1389 the major autolysin Atl 1367:1389 Moreover, changes in Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis and altered processing of the major autolysin Atl were observed in the clp mutants. 24867990 1 28 theme mecA 194:197 arg1 gene 199:202 the mecA gene 190:202 the mecA gene encoding a peptidoglycan transpeptidase, penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which has decreased affinity for β-lactams 190:325 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has acquired the mecA gene encoding a peptidoglycan transpeptidase, penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which has decreased affinity for β-lactams. 24867990 7 29 theme clp 1412:1414 arg1 mutants 1416:1422 the clp mutants 1408:1422 the clp mutants 1408:1422 Moreover, changes in Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis and altered processing of the major autolysin Atl were observed in the clp mutants. 24867990 7 30 theme peptidoglycan 1316:1328 arg1 hydrolysis 1330:1339 Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis 1302:1339 Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis 1302:1339 Moreover, changes in Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis and altered processing of the major autolysin Atl were observed in the clp mutants. 24867990 0 31 theme β-Lactam 0:7 arg1 resistance 9:18 β-Lactam resistance 0:18 β-Lactam resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 0:72 β-Lactam resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 is increased by inactivation of the ClpXP protease. 24867990 3 32 theme components 565:574 arg1 inactivation 545:556 the inactivation 541:556 the inactivation of the components of the ClpXP protease 541:596 In this study, we found that the inactivation of the components of the ClpXP protease substantially increased the β-lactam resistance level of a CA-MRSA USA300 strain, suggesting that the proteolytic activity of ClpXP controls one or more pathways modulating β-lactam resistance. 24867990 2 33 theme MRSA 390:393 arg1 strains 395:401 highly virulent community-acquired (CA) MRSA strains 350:401 highly virulent community-acquired (CA) MRSA strains 350:401 Quickly spreading and highly virulent community-acquired (CA) MRSA strains recently emerged as a frequent cause of infection in individuals without exposure to the health care system. 24867990 2 34 theme infection 443:451 arg1 cause 434:438 a frequent cause 423:438 a frequent cause of infection in individuals without exposure to the health care system 423:509 Quickly spreading and highly virulent community-acquired (CA) MRSA strains recently emerged as a frequent cause of infection in individuals without exposure to the health care system. 24867990 8 35 theme wall 1537:1540 arg1 metabolism 1542:1551 cell wall metabolism 1532:1551 cell wall metabolism 1532:1551 In conclusion, the results presented here point to an important role for the ClpXP protease in controlling cell wall metabolism and add novel insights into the molecular factors that determine strain-dependent β-lactam resistance. 24867990 4 36 theme clp 908:910 arg1 mutants 912:918 the clp mutants 904:918 the clp mutants 904:918 These pathways do not involve the control of mecA expression, as the cellular levels of PBP2a were unaltered in the clp mutants. 24867990 6 37 theme monomeric 1214:1222 arg1 species 1236:1242 monomeric muropeptide species 1214:1242 monomeric muropeptide species 1214:1242 Both mutants displayed significantly thicker cell walls, increased peptidoglycan cross-linking, and altered composition of monomeric muropeptide species compared to those of the wild types. 24867990 6 38 theme cell 1136:1139 arg1 walls 1141:1145 significantly thicker cell walls 1114:1145 significantly thicker cell walls 1114:1145 Both mutants displayed significantly thicker cell walls, increased peptidoglycan cross-linking, and altered composition of monomeric muropeptide species compared to those of the wild types. 24867990 5 39 theme mutants 986:992 arg1 properties 954:963 the cell envelope properties 936:963 the cell envelope properties of the clpX and clpP mutants 936:992 An analysis of the cell envelope properties of the clpX and clpP mutants revealed a number of distinct phenotypes that may contribute to the enhanced β-lactam tolerance. 24867990 1 40 theme decreased 294:302 arg1 affinity 304:311 decreased affinity 294:311 decreased affinity for β-lactams 294:325 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has acquired the mecA gene encoding a peptidoglycan transpeptidase, penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which has decreased affinity for β-lactams. 24867990 5 41 theme properties 954:963 arg1 analysis 924:931 An analysis 921:931 An analysis of the cell envelope properties of the clpX and clpP mutants 921:992 An analysis of the cell envelope properties of the clpX and clpP mutants revealed a number of distinct phenotypes that may contribute to the enhanced β-lactam tolerance. 24867990 6 42 theme thicker 1128:1134 arg1 walls 1141:1145 significantly thicker cell walls 1114:1145 significantly thicker cell walls 1114:1145 Both mutants displayed significantly thicker cell walls, increased peptidoglycan cross-linking, and altered composition of monomeric muropeptide species compared to those of the wild types. 24867990 1 43 theme peptidoglycan 215:227 arg1 2a 272:273 penicillin binding protein 2a 245:273 penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a) 245:281 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has acquired the mecA gene encoding a peptidoglycan transpeptidase, penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which has decreased affinity for β-lactams. 24867990 1 43 theme peptidoglycan 215:227 arg1 transpeptidase 229:242 a peptidoglycan transpeptidase 213:242 a peptidoglycan transpeptidase 213:242 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has acquired the mecA gene encoding a peptidoglycan transpeptidase, penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which has decreased affinity for β-lactams. 24867990 4 44 from mutants 912:918 arg1 unaltered 891:899 unaltered 891:899 unaltered 891:899 These pathways do not involve the control of mecA expression, as the cellular levels of PBP2a were unaltered in the clp mutants. 24867990 4 44 from mutants 912:918 arg1 levels 870:875 the cellular levels 857:875 the cellular levels of PBP2a 857:884 These pathways do not involve the control of mecA expression, as the cellular levels of PBP2a were unaltered in the clp mutants. 24867990 3 45 theme ClpXP 583:587 arg1 protease 589:596 the ClpXP protease 579:596 the ClpXP protease 579:596 In this study, we found that the inactivation of the components of the ClpXP protease substantially increased the β-lactam resistance level of a CA-MRSA USA300 strain, suggesting that the proteolytic activity of ClpXP controls one or more pathways modulating β-lactam resistance. 24867990 3 46 theme resistance 635:644 arg1 level 646:650 the β-lactam resistance level 622:650 the β-lactam resistance level of a CA-MRSA USA300 strain 622:677 In this study, we found that the inactivation of the components of the ClpXP protease substantially increased the β-lactam resistance level of a CA-MRSA USA300 strain, suggesting that the proteolytic activity of ClpXP controls one or more pathways modulating β-lactam resistance. 24867990 3 47 theme protease 589:596 arg1 components 565:574 the components 561:574 the components of the ClpXP protease 561:596 In this study, we found that the inactivation of the components of the ClpXP protease substantially increased the β-lactam resistance level of a CA-MRSA USA300 strain, suggesting that the proteolytic activity of ClpXP controls one or more pathways modulating β-lactam resistance. 24867990 7 48 theme Atl 1387:1389 arg1 processing 1353:1362 altered processing 1345:1362 altered processing of the major autolysin Atl 1345:1389 Moreover, changes in Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis and altered processing of the major autolysin Atl were observed in the clp mutants. 24867990 7 48 theme Atl 1387:1389 arg1 changes 1291:1297 changes 1291:1297 changes in Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis 1291:1339 Moreover, changes in Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis and altered processing of the major autolysin Atl were observed in the clp mutants. 24867990 8 49 theme novel 1561:1565 arg1 insights 1567:1574 novel insights 1561:1574 novel insights into the molecular factors that determine strain-dependent β-lactam resistance 1561:1653 In conclusion, the results presented here point to an important role for the ClpXP protease in controlling cell wall metabolism and add novel insights into the molecular factors that determine strain-dependent β-lactam resistance. 24867990 6 50 theme muropeptide 1224:1234 arg1 species 1236:1242 monomeric muropeptide species 1214:1242 monomeric muropeptide species 1214:1242 Both mutants displayed significantly thicker cell walls, increased peptidoglycan cross-linking, and altered composition of monomeric muropeptide species compared to those of the wild types. 24867990 7 51 from changes 1291:1297 arg1 hydrolysis 1330:1339 Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis 1302:1339 Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis 1302:1339 Moreover, changes in Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis and altered processing of the major autolysin Atl were observed in the clp mutants. 24867990 2 52 theme virulent 357:364 arg1 strains 395:401 highly virulent community-acquired (CA) MRSA strains 350:401 highly virulent community-acquired (CA) MRSA strains 350:401 Quickly spreading and highly virulent community-acquired (CA) MRSA strains recently emerged as a frequent cause of infection in individuals without exposure to the health care system. 24867990 4 53 theme PBP2a 880:884 arg1 unaltered 891:899 unaltered 891:899 unaltered 891:899 These pathways do not involve the control of mecA expression, as the cellular levels of PBP2a were unaltered in the clp mutants. 24867990 4 53 theme PBP2a 880:884 arg1 levels 870:875 the cellular levels 857:875 the cellular levels of PBP2a 857:884 These pathways do not involve the control of mecA expression, as the cellular levels of PBP2a were unaltered in the clp mutants. 24867990 3 54 theme strain 672:677 arg1 level 646:650 the β-lactam resistance level 622:650 the β-lactam resistance level of a CA-MRSA USA300 strain 622:677 In this study, we found that the inactivation of the components of the ClpXP protease substantially increased the β-lactam resistance level of a CA-MRSA USA300 strain, suggesting that the proteolytic activity of ClpXP controls one or more pathways modulating β-lactam resistance. 24867990 5 55 theme distinct 1015:1022 arg1 phenotypes 1024:1033 distinct phenotypes 1015:1033 distinct phenotypes that may contribute to the enhanced β-lactam tolerance 1015:1088 An analysis of the cell envelope properties of the clpX and clpP mutants revealed a number of distinct phenotypes that may contribute to the enhanced β-lactam tolerance. 24867990 7 56 theme altered 1345:1351 arg1 processing 1353:1362 altered processing 1345:1362 altered processing of the major autolysin Atl 1345:1389 Moreover, changes in Sle1-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis and altered processing of the major autolysin Atl were observed in the clp mutants. 24867990 3 57 theme β-lactam 771:778 arg1 resistance 780:789 β-lactam resistance 771:789 β-lactam resistance 771:789 In this study, we found that the inactivation of the components of the ClpXP protease substantially increased the β-lactam resistance level of a CA-MRSA USA300 strain, suggesting that the proteolytic activity of ClpXP controls one or more pathways modulating β-lactam resistance. 24867990 4 58 from unaltered 891:899 arg1 mutants 912:918 the clp mutants 904:918 the clp mutants 904:918 These pathways do not involve the control of mecA expression, as the cellular levels of PBP2a were unaltered in the clp mutants. 24867990 6 59 theme species 1236:1242 arg1 composition 1199:1209 composition 1199:1209 composition of monomeric muropeptide species compared to those of the wild types 1199:1278 Both mutants displayed significantly thicker cell walls, increased peptidoglycan cross-linking, and altered composition of monomeric muropeptide species compared to those of the wild types. 24867990 1 60 theme penicillin 245:254 arg1 PBP2a 276:280 PBP2a 276:280 PBP2a 276:280 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has acquired the mecA gene encoding a peptidoglycan transpeptidase, penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which has decreased affinity for β-lactams. 24867990 1 60 theme penicillin 245:254 arg1 2a 272:273 penicillin binding protein 2a 245:273 penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a) 245:281 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has acquired the mecA gene encoding a peptidoglycan transpeptidase, penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which has decreased affinity for β-lactams. 24867990 1 60 theme penicillin 245:254 arg1 transpeptidase 229:242 a peptidoglycan transpeptidase 213:242 a peptidoglycan transpeptidase 213:242 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has acquired the mecA gene encoding a peptidoglycan transpeptidase, penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which has decreased affinity for β-lactams. 24867990 3 61 theme CA-MRSA 657:663 arg1 strain 672:677 a CA-MRSA USA300 strain 655:677 a CA-MRSA USA300 strain 655:677 In this study, we found that the inactivation of the components of the ClpXP protease substantially increased the β-lactam resistance level of a CA-MRSA USA300 strain, suggesting that the proteolytic activity of ClpXP controls one or more pathways modulating β-lactam resistance. 24867990 3 62 theme β-lactam 626:633 arg1 level 646:650 the β-lactam resistance level 622:650 the β-lactam resistance level of a CA-MRSA USA300 strain 622:677 In this study, we found that the inactivation of the components of the ClpXP protease substantially increased the β-lactam resistance level of a CA-MRSA USA300 strain, suggesting that the proteolytic activity of ClpXP controls one or more pathways modulating β-lactam resistance. 24867990 8 63 theme important 1479:1487 arg1 role 1489:1492 an important role 1476:1492 an important role for the ClpXP protease in controlling cell wall metabolism 1476:1551 In conclusion, the results presented here point to an important role for the ClpXP protease in controlling cell wall metabolism and add novel insights into the molecular factors that determine strain-dependent β-lactam resistance. 24867990 1 64 theme binding 256:262 arg1 PBP2a 276:280 PBP2a 276:280 PBP2a 276:280 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has acquired the mecA gene encoding a peptidoglycan transpeptidase, penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which has decreased affinity for β-lactams. 24867990 1 64 theme binding 256:262 arg1 2a 272:273 penicillin binding protein 2a 245:273 penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a) 245:281 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has acquired the mecA gene encoding a peptidoglycan transpeptidase, penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which has decreased affinity for β-lactams. 24867990 1 64 theme binding 256:262 arg1 transpeptidase 229:242 a peptidoglycan transpeptidase 213:242 a peptidoglycan transpeptidase 213:242 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has acquired the mecA gene encoding a peptidoglycan transpeptidase, penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which has decreased affinity for β-lactams. 24867990 8 65 theme ClpXP 1502:1506 arg1 protease 1508:1515 the ClpXP protease 1498:1515 the ClpXP protease 1498:1515 In conclusion, the results presented here point to an important role for the ClpXP protease in controlling cell wall metabolism and add novel insights into the molecular factors that determine strain-dependent β-lactam resistance. 24867990 3 66 theme USA300 665:670 arg1 strain 672:677 a CA-MRSA USA300 strain 655:677 a CA-MRSA USA300 strain 655:677 In this study, we found that the inactivation of the components of the ClpXP protease substantially increased the β-lactam resistance level of a CA-MRSA USA300 strain, suggesting that the proteolytic activity of ClpXP controls one or more pathways modulating β-lactam resistance. 24867990 6 67 theme peptidoglycan 1158:1170 arg1 cross-linking 1172:1184 peptidoglycan cross-linking 1158:1184 peptidoglycan cross-linking 1158:1184 Both mutants displayed significantly thicker cell walls, increased peptidoglycan cross-linking, and altered composition of monomeric muropeptide species compared to those of the wild types. 24867990 1 68 theme protein 264:270 arg1 PBP2a 276:280 PBP2a 276:280 PBP2a 276:280 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has acquired the mecA gene encoding a peptidoglycan transpeptidase, penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which has decreased affinity for β-lactams. 24867990 1 68 theme protein 264:270 arg1 2a 272:273 penicillin binding protein 2a 245:273 penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a) 245:281 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has acquired the mecA gene encoding a peptidoglycan transpeptidase, penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which has decreased affinity for β-lactams. 24867990 1 68 theme protein 264:270 arg1 transpeptidase 229:242 a peptidoglycan transpeptidase 213:242 a peptidoglycan transpeptidase 213:242 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has acquired the mecA gene encoding a peptidoglycan transpeptidase, penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which has decreased affinity for β-lactams. 24867990 5 69 theme clpP 981:984 arg1 mutants 986:992 the clpX and clpP mutants 968:992 the clpX and clpP mutants 968:992 An analysis of the cell envelope properties of the clpX and clpP mutants revealed a number of distinct phenotypes that may contribute to the enhanced β-lactam tolerance. 24867990 2 70 from cause 434:438 arg1 individuals 456:466 individuals 456:466 individuals without exposure to the health care system 456:509 Quickly spreading and highly virulent community-acquired (CA) MRSA strains recently emerged as a frequent cause of infection in individuals without exposure to the health care system. 24867990 2 71 theme CA 386:387 arg1 strains 395:401 highly virulent community-acquired (CA) MRSA strains 350:401 highly virulent community-acquired (CA) MRSA strains 350:401 Quickly spreading and highly virulent community-acquired (CA) MRSA strains recently emerged as a frequent cause of infection in individuals without exposure to the health care system. 24867990 8 72 theme β-lactam 1635:1642 arg1 resistance 1644:1653 strain-dependent β-lactam resistance 1618:1653 strain-dependent β-lactam resistance 1618:1653 In conclusion, the results presented here point to an important role for the ClpXP protease in controlling cell wall metabolism and add novel insights into the molecular factors that determine strain-dependent β-lactam resistance. 28483525 10 0 theme microscopy 1382:1391 arg1 studies 1393:1399 microscopy studies 1382:1399 microscopy studies 1382:1399 Finally, microscopy studies revealed that Dfi1 lacking the N-terminal transmembrane region was observed at the cell periphery, where full-length Dfi1 normally localizes, whereas the double-truncation mutant was diffusely intracellular. 28483525 6 1 link N-linked 840:847 arg1 glycosylation 849:861 N-linked glycosylation 840:861 N-linked glycosylation 840:861 Additionally, Dfi1 that was properly oriented in the membrane, as indicated by N-linked glycosylation, was observed when either transmembrane region was deleted, but was absent when both transmembrane regions were deleted. 28483525 8 2 theme protein 1104:1110 arg1 molecules 1112:1120 the protein molecules 1100:1120 the protein molecules 1100:1120 Most of the protein molecules acquired normal N-linked glycosylation and a smaller population failed to become normally N-linked glycosylated. 28483525 4 3 dep N- 543:544 arg1 the 539:541 the 539:541 the 539:541 Sequence analysis predicted that Dfi1 contains two transmembrane regions, located near the N- and C-termini. 28483525 10 4 theme cell 1484:1487 arg1 periphery 1489:1497 the cell periphery 1480:1497 the cell periphery 1480:1497 Finally, microscopy studies revealed that Dfi1 lacking the N-terminal transmembrane region was observed at the cell periphery, where full-length Dfi1 normally localizes, whereas the double-truncation mutant was diffusely intracellular. 28483525 2 5 from lethality 325:333 arg1 candidiasis 358:368 murine disseminated candidiasis 338:368 murine disseminated candidiasis 338:368 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 is important for invasive filamentation in a laboratory model, and for lethality in murine disseminated candidiasis. 28483525 2 6 theme disseminated 345:356 arg1 candidiasis 358:368 murine disseminated candidiasis 338:368 murine disseminated candidiasis 338:368 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 is important for invasive filamentation in a laboratory model, and for lethality in murine disseminated candidiasis. 28483525 8 7 theme smaller 1167:1173 arg1 population 1175:1184 a smaller population 1165:1184 a smaller population 1165:1184 Most of the protein molecules acquired normal N-linked glycosylation and a smaller population failed to become normally N-linked glycosylated. 28483525 4 8 theme located 526:532 arg1 regions 517:523 two transmembrane regions 499:523 two transmembrane regions 499:523 Sequence analysis predicted that Dfi1 contains two transmembrane regions, located near the N- and C-termini. 28483525 5 9 theme predicted 666:674 arg1 region 690:695 either predicted transmembrane region 659:695 either predicted transmembrane region 659:695 In this communication, we show that Dfi1 remains an integral membrane protein despite deletion of either predicted transmembrane region, whereas deletion of both regions results in a soluble protein. 28483525 2 10 theme laboratory 299:308 arg1 model 310:314 a laboratory model 297:314 a laboratory model 297:314 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 is important for invasive filamentation in a laboratory model, and for lethality in murine disseminated candidiasis. 28483525 9 11 theme synthetic 1323:1331 arg1 sequence 1347:1354 one synthetic transmembrane sequence 1319:1354 one synthetic transmembrane sequence but not another 1319:1370 This defect was reversed by replacement of the N-terminal hydrophobic sequence with one synthetic transmembrane sequence but not another. 28483525 9 12 theme transmembrane 1333:1345 arg1 sequence 1347:1354 one synthetic transmembrane sequence 1319:1354 one synthetic transmembrane sequence but not another 1319:1370 This defect was reversed by replacement of the N-terminal hydrophobic sequence with one synthetic transmembrane sequence but not another. 28483525 5 13 theme transmembrane 676:688 arg1 region 690:695 either predicted transmembrane region 659:695 either predicted transmembrane region 659:695 In this communication, we show that Dfi1 remains an integral membrane protein despite deletion of either predicted transmembrane region, whereas deletion of both regions results in a soluble protein. 28483525 4 14 contain contains 490:497 arg1 Dfi1 485:488 Dfi1 485:488 Dfi1 485:488 Sequence analysis predicted that Dfi1 contains two transmembrane regions, located near the N- and C-termini. 28483525 4 14 contain contains 490:497 arg2 regions 517:523 two transmembrane regions 499:523 two transmembrane regions 499:523 Sequence analysis predicted that Dfi1 contains two transmembrane regions, located near the N- and C-termini. 28483525 5 15 theme soluble 744:750 arg1 protein 752:758 a soluble protein 742:758 a soluble protein 742:758 In this communication, we show that Dfi1 remains an integral membrane protein despite deletion of either predicted transmembrane region, whereas deletion of both regions results in a soluble protein. 28483525 2 16 theme murine 338:343 arg1 candidiasis 358:368 murine disseminated candidiasis 338:368 murine disseminated candidiasis 338:368 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 is important for invasive filamentation in a laboratory model, and for lethality in murine disseminated candidiasis. 28483525 5 17 theme membrane 622:629 arg1 protein 631:637 an integral membrane protein 610:637 an integral membrane protein 610:637 In this communication, we show that Dfi1 remains an integral membrane protein despite deletion of either predicted transmembrane region, whereas deletion of both regions results in a soluble protein. 28483525 5 18 theme integral 613:620 arg1 protein 631:637 an integral membrane protein 610:637 an integral membrane protein 610:637 In this communication, we show that Dfi1 remains an integral membrane protein despite deletion of either predicted transmembrane region, whereas deletion of both regions results in a soluble protein. 28483525 1 19 theme host 169:172 arg1 tissues 174:180 host tissues 169:180 host tissues 169:180 The opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans forms invasive filaments that grow into host tissues during disease. 28483525 4 20 theme transmembrane 503:515 arg1 regions 517:523 two transmembrane regions 499:523 two transmembrane regions 499:523 Sequence analysis predicted that Dfi1 contains two transmembrane regions, located near the N- and C-termini. 28483525 2 21 from filamentation 280:292 arg1 model 310:314 a laboratory model 297:314 a laboratory model 297:314 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 is important for invasive filamentation in a laboratory model, and for lethality in murine disseminated candidiasis. 28483525 11 22 theme Dfi1 1627:1630 arg1 protein 1632:1638 mature Dfi1 protein 1620:1638 mature Dfi1 protein 1620:1638 Therefore, mature Dfi1 protein contains two transmembrane domains which contribute to its biogenesis. 28483525 2 23 theme invasive 271:278 arg1 filamentation 280:292 invasive filamentation 271:292 invasive filamentation in a laboratory model 271:314 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 is important for invasive filamentation in a laboratory model, and for lethality in murine disseminated candidiasis. 28483525 7 24 theme Dfi1 1086:1089 arg1 forms 1077:1081 two forms 1073:1081 two forms of Dfi1 1073:1089 Interestingly, deletion of the N-terminal transmembrane region resulted in production of two forms of Dfi1. 28483525 6 25 theme transmembrane 889:901 arg1 region 903:908 either transmembrane region 882:908 either transmembrane region 882:908 Additionally, Dfi1 that was properly oriented in the membrane, as indicated by N-linked glycosylation, was observed when either transmembrane region was deleted, but was absent when both transmembrane regions were deleted. 28483525 7 26 theme forms 1077:1081 arg1 production 1059:1068 production 1059:1068 production of two forms of Dfi1 1059:1089 Interestingly, deletion of the N-terminal transmembrane region resulted in production of two forms of Dfi1. 28483525 10 27 theme transmembrane 1443:1455 arg1 region 1457:1462 the N-terminal transmembrane region 1428:1462 the N-terminal transmembrane region 1428:1462 Finally, microscopy studies revealed that Dfi1 lacking the N-terminal transmembrane region was observed at the cell periphery, where full-length Dfi1 normally localizes, whereas the double-truncation mutant was diffusely intracellular. 28483525 1 28 theme opportunistic 89:101 arg1 albicans 120:127 The opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans 85:127 The opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans 85:127 The opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans forms invasive filaments that grow into host tissues during disease. 28483525 9 29 with replacement 1263:1273 arg1 sequence 1347:1354 one synthetic transmembrane sequence 1319:1354 one synthetic transmembrane sequence but not another 1319:1370 This defect was reversed by replacement of the N-terminal hydrophobic sequence with one synthetic transmembrane sequence but not another. 28483525 9 29 with replacement 1263:1273 arg1 another 1364:1370 another 1364:1370 another 1364:1370 This defect was reversed by replacement of the N-terminal hydrophobic sequence with one synthetic transmembrane sequence but not another. 28483525 3 30 theme Dfi1 380:383 arg1 topology 385:392 Dfi1 topology 380:392 Dfi1 topology 380:392 However, Dfi1 topology and essential domains for Dfi1 biogenesis were undefined. 28483525 10 31 theme N-terminal 1432:1441 arg1 region 1457:1462 the N-terminal transmembrane region 1428:1462 the N-terminal transmembrane region 1428:1462 Finally, microscopy studies revealed that Dfi1 lacking the N-terminal transmembrane region was observed at the cell periphery, where full-length Dfi1 normally localizes, whereas the double-truncation mutant was diffusely intracellular. 28483525 1 32 theme pathogen 103:110 arg1 albicans 120:127 The opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans 85:127 The opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans 85:127 The opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans forms invasive filaments that grow into host tissues during disease. 28483525 0 33 theme Candida 33:39 arg1 albicans 41:48 Candida albicans 33:48 Candida albicans 33:48 The two transmembrane regions of Candida albicans Dfi1 contribute to its biogenesis. 28483525 6 34 theme transmembrane 948:960 arg1 regions 962:968 both transmembrane regions 943:968 both transmembrane regions 943:968 Additionally, Dfi1 that was properly oriented in the membrane, as indicated by N-linked glycosylation, was observed when either transmembrane region was deleted, but was absent when both transmembrane regions were deleted. 28483525 5 35 theme regions 723:729 arg1 deletion 706:713 deletion 706:713 deletion of both regions 706:729 In this communication, we show that Dfi1 remains an integral membrane protein despite deletion of either predicted transmembrane region, whereas deletion of both regions results in a soluble protein. 28483525 4 36 theme Sequence 452:459 arg1 analysis 461:468 Sequence analysis 452:468 Sequence analysis 452:468 Sequence analysis predicted that Dfi1 contains two transmembrane regions, located near the N- and C-termini. 28483525 2 37 theme protein 241:247 arg1 important 257:265 important 257:265 important 257:265 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 is important for invasive filamentation in a laboratory model, and for lethality in murine disseminated candidiasis. 28483525 2 37 theme protein 241:247 arg1 Dfi1 249:252 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 198:252 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 198:252 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 is important for invasive filamentation in a laboratory model, and for lethality in murine disseminated candidiasis. 28483525 3 38 theme Dfi1 420:423 arg1 biogenesis 425:434 Dfi1 biogenesis 420:434 Dfi1 biogenesis 420:434 However, Dfi1 topology and essential domains for Dfi1 biogenesis were undefined. 28483525 8 39 dep glycosylated 1221:1232 arg1 N-linked 1212:1219 N-linked 1212:1219 N-linked 1212:1219 Most of the protein molecules acquired normal N-linked glycosylation and a smaller population failed to become normally N-linked glycosylated. 28483525 2 40 theme membrane 232:239 arg1 important 257:265 important 257:265 important 257:265 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 is important for invasive filamentation in a laboratory model, and for lethality in murine disseminated candidiasis. 28483525 2 40 theme membrane 232:239 arg1 Dfi1 249:252 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 198:252 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 198:252 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 is important for invasive filamentation in a laboratory model, and for lethality in murine disseminated candidiasis. 28483525 7 41 theme N-terminal 1015:1024 arg1 region 1040:1045 the N-terminal transmembrane region 1011:1045 the N-terminal transmembrane region 1011:1045 Interestingly, deletion of the N-terminal transmembrane region resulted in production of two forms of Dfi1. 28483525 3 42 theme essential 398:406 arg1 domains 408:414 essential domains 398:414 essential domains 398:414 However, Dfi1 topology and essential domains for Dfi1 biogenesis were undefined. 28483525 11 43 contain contains 1640:1647 arg2 domains 1667:1673 two transmembrane domains 1649:1673 two transmembrane domains which contribute to its biogenesis 1649:1708 Therefore, mature Dfi1 protein contains two transmembrane domains which contribute to its biogenesis. 28483525 11 43 contain contains 1640:1647 arg1 protein 1632:1638 mature Dfi1 protein 1620:1638 mature Dfi1 protein 1620:1638 Therefore, mature Dfi1 protein contains two transmembrane domains which contribute to its biogenesis. 28483525 5 44 theme region 690:695 arg1 deletion 647:654 deletion 647:654 deletion of either predicted transmembrane region 647:695 In this communication, we show that Dfi1 remains an integral membrane protein despite deletion of either predicted transmembrane region, whereas deletion of both regions results in a soluble protein. 28483525 2 45 theme plasma 225:230 arg1 important 257:265 important 257:265 important 257:265 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 is important for invasive filamentation in a laboratory model, and for lethality in murine disseminated candidiasis. 28483525 2 45 theme plasma 225:230 arg1 Dfi1 249:252 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 198:252 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 198:252 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 is important for invasive filamentation in a laboratory model, and for lethality in murine disseminated candidiasis. 28483525 7 46 theme transmembrane 1026:1038 arg1 region 1040:1045 the N-terminal transmembrane region 1011:1045 the N-terminal transmembrane region 1011:1045 Interestingly, deletion of the N-terminal transmembrane region resulted in production of two forms of Dfi1. 28483525 1 47 theme Candida 112:118 arg1 albicans 120:127 The opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans 85:127 The opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans 85:127 The opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans forms invasive filaments that grow into host tissues during disease. 28483525 0 48 theme albicans 41:48 arg1 regions 22:28 The two transmembrane regions 0:28 The two transmembrane regions of Candida albicans Dfi1 0:53 The two transmembrane regions of Candida albicans Dfi1 contribute to its biogenesis. 28483525 0 48 theme albicans 41:48 arg1 Dfi1 50:53 Dfi1 50:53 Dfi1 50:53 The two transmembrane regions of Candida albicans Dfi1 contribute to its biogenesis. 28483525 6 49 theme N-linked 840:847 arg1 glycosylation 849:861 N-linked glycosylation 840:861 N-linked glycosylation 840:861 Additionally, Dfi1 that was properly oriented in the membrane, as indicated by N-linked glycosylation, was observed when either transmembrane region was deleted, but was absent when both transmembrane regions were deleted. 28483525 10 50 theme full-length 1506:1516 arg1 Dfi1 1518:1521 full-length Dfi1 1506:1521 full-length Dfi1 1506:1521 Finally, microscopy studies revealed that Dfi1 lacking the N-terminal transmembrane region was observed at the cell periphery, where full-length Dfi1 normally localizes, whereas the double-truncation mutant was diffusely intracellular. 28483525 8 51 link N-linked 1138:1145 arg1 glycosylation 1147:1159 normal N-linked glycosylation 1131:1159 normal N-linked glycosylation 1131:1159 Most of the protein molecules acquired normal N-linked glycosylation and a smaller population failed to become normally N-linked glycosylated. 28483525 2 52 gly glycosylated 202:213 arg1 important 257:265 important 257:265 important 257:265 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 is important for invasive filamentation in a laboratory model, and for lethality in murine disseminated candidiasis. 28483525 2 52 gly glycosylated 202:213 arg1 Dfi1 249:252 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 198:252 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 198:252 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 is important for invasive filamentation in a laboratory model, and for lethality in murine disseminated candidiasis. 28483525 11 53 theme mature 1620:1625 arg1 protein 1632:1638 mature Dfi1 protein 1620:1638 mature Dfi1 protein 1620:1638 Therefore, mature Dfi1 protein contains two transmembrane domains which contribute to its biogenesis. 28483525 7 54 theme region 1040:1045 arg1 deletion 999:1006 deletion 999:1006 deletion of the N-terminal transmembrane region 999:1045 Interestingly, deletion of the N-terminal transmembrane region resulted in production of two forms of Dfi1. 28483525 2 55 theme glycosylated 202:213 arg1 important 257:265 important 257:265 important 257:265 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 is important for invasive filamentation in a laboratory model, and for lethality in murine disseminated candidiasis. 28483525 2 55 theme glycosylated 202:213 arg1 Dfi1 249:252 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 198:252 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 198:252 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 is important for invasive filamentation in a laboratory model, and for lethality in murine disseminated candidiasis. 28483525 9 56 theme N-terminal 1282:1291 arg1 sequence 1305:1312 the N-terminal hydrophobic sequence 1278:1312 the N-terminal hydrophobic sequence 1278:1312 This defect was reversed by replacement of the N-terminal hydrophobic sequence with one synthetic transmembrane sequence but not another. 28483525 11 57 theme transmembrane 1653:1665 arg1 domains 1667:1673 two transmembrane domains 1649:1673 two transmembrane domains which contribute to its biogenesis 1649:1708 Therefore, mature Dfi1 protein contains two transmembrane domains which contribute to its biogenesis. 28483525 1 58 theme invasive 135:142 arg1 filaments 144:152 invasive filaments 135:152 invasive filaments that grow into host tissues during disease 135:195 The opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans forms invasive filaments that grow into host tissues during disease. 28483525 10 59 located observed 1468:1475 arg2 Dfi1 1415:1418 Dfi1 1415:1418 Dfi1 lacking the N-terminal transmembrane region 1415:1462 Finally, microscopy studies revealed that Dfi1 lacking the N-terminal transmembrane region was observed at the cell periphery, where full-length Dfi1 normally localizes, whereas the double-truncation mutant was diffusely intracellular. 28483525 10 59 located observed 1468:1475 arg1 periphery 1489:1497 the cell periphery 1480:1497 the cell periphery 1480:1497 Finally, microscopy studies revealed that Dfi1 lacking the N-terminal transmembrane region was observed at the cell periphery, where full-length Dfi1 normally localizes, whereas the double-truncation mutant was diffusely intracellular. 28483525 8 60 theme N-linked 1138:1145 arg1 glycosylation 1147:1159 normal N-linked glycosylation 1131:1159 normal N-linked glycosylation 1131:1159 Most of the protein molecules acquired normal N-linked glycosylation and a smaller population failed to become normally N-linked glycosylated. 28483525 9 61 theme hydrophobic 1293:1303 arg1 sequence 1305:1312 the N-terminal hydrophobic sequence 1278:1312 the N-terminal hydrophobic sequence 1278:1312 This defect was reversed by replacement of the N-terminal hydrophobic sequence with one synthetic transmembrane sequence but not another. 28483525 10 62 theme double-truncation 1555:1571 arg1 mutant 1573:1578 the double-truncation mutant 1551:1578 the double-truncation mutant 1551:1578 Finally, microscopy studies revealed that Dfi1 lacking the N-terminal transmembrane region was observed at the cell periphery, where full-length Dfi1 normally localizes, whereas the double-truncation mutant was diffusely intracellular. 28483525 10 62 theme double-truncation 1555:1571 arg1 intracellular 1594:1606 intracellular 1594:1606 intracellular 1594:1606 Finally, microscopy studies revealed that Dfi1 lacking the N-terminal transmembrane region was observed at the cell periphery, where full-length Dfi1 normally localizes, whereas the double-truncation mutant was diffusely intracellular. 28483525 8 63 theme normal 1131:1136 arg1 glycosylation 1147:1159 normal N-linked glycosylation 1131:1159 normal N-linked glycosylation 1131:1159 Most of the protein molecules acquired normal N-linked glycosylation and a smaller population failed to become normally N-linked glycosylated. 28483525 9 64 theme sequence 1305:1312 arg1 replacement 1263:1273 replacement 1263:1273 replacement of the N-terminal hydrophobic sequence with one synthetic transmembrane sequence but not another 1263:1370 This defect was reversed by replacement of the N-terminal hydrophobic sequence with one synthetic transmembrane sequence but not another. 28483525 0 65 theme transmembrane 8:20 arg1 regions 22:28 The two transmembrane regions 0:28 The two transmembrane regions of Candida albicans Dfi1 0:53 The two transmembrane regions of Candida albicans Dfi1 contribute to its biogenesis. 28483525 0 65 theme transmembrane 8:20 arg1 Dfi1 50:53 Dfi1 50:53 Dfi1 50:53 The two transmembrane regions of Candida albicans Dfi1 contribute to its biogenesis. 28483525 2 66 dep glycosylated 202:213 arg1 integral 216:223 integral 216:223 integral 216:223 The glycosylated, integral plasma membrane protein Dfi1 is important for invasive filamentation in a laboratory model, and for lethality in murine disseminated candidiasis. 28575441 0 0 theme loop 66:69 arg1 changes 86:92 EL5 loop conformational changes 62:92 EL5 loop conformational changes necessary for OST activity 62:119 Transmembrane motions of PglB induced by LLO are coupled with EL5 loop conformational changes necessary for OST activity. 28575441 2 1 theme active 567:572 arg1 site 574:577 the active site 563:577 the active site 563:577 Despite the available crystal structures, the role of the external loop EL5, which is critical for the catalytic cycle, is enigmatic as EL5 in the crystal structures is partially absent or blocks a pathway of lipid-linked oligosaccharide to the active site. 28575441 0 2 theme EL5 62:64 arg1 changes 86:92 EL5 loop conformational changes 62:92 EL5 loop conformational changes necessary for OST activity 62:119 Transmembrane motions of PglB induced by LLO are coupled with EL5 loop conformational changes necessary for OST activity. 28575441 1 3 theme enzymatic 151:159 arg1 reaction 161:168 an enzymatic reaction 148:168 an enzymatic reaction in which an oligosaccharide is transferred en bloc onto an asparagine residue of an acceptor polypeptide, catalyzed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) 148:319 N-linked glycosylation is an enzymatic reaction in which an oligosaccharide is transferred en bloc onto an asparagine residue of an acceptor polypeptide, catalyzed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST). 28575441 1 3 theme enzymatic 151:159 arg1 glycosylation 131:143 N-linked glycosylation 122:143 N-linked glycosylation 122:143 N-linked glycosylation is an enzymatic reaction in which an oligosaccharide is transferred en bloc onto an asparagine residue of an acceptor polypeptide, catalyzed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST). 28575441 4 4 theme domain 890:895 arg1 groove 857:862 a hydrophobic groove 843:862 a hydrophobic groove of the PglB transmembrane domain 843:895 The simulations reveal that the isoprenoid moiety of lipid-linked oligosaccharide favorably binds to a hydrophobic groove of the PglB transmembrane domain. 28575441 0 5 theme conformational 71:84 arg1 changes 86:92 EL5 loop conformational changes 62:92 EL5 loop conformational changes necessary for OST activity 62:119 Transmembrane motions of PglB induced by LLO are coupled with EL5 loop conformational changes necessary for OST activity. 28575441 3 6 theme simulations 685:695 arg1 series 656:661 a series 654:661 a series of molecular dynamics simulations of a bacterial OST, Campylobacter lari PglB 654:739 Here we report the molecular origin of EL5 conformational changes through a series of molecular dynamics simulations of a bacterial OST, Campylobacter lari PglB. 28575441 2 7 theme oligosaccharide 544:558 arg1 pathway 520:526 a pathway 518:526 a pathway of lipid-linked oligosaccharide to the active site 518:577 Despite the available crystal structures, the role of the external loop EL5, which is critical for the catalytic cycle, is enigmatic as EL5 in the crystal structures is partially absent or blocks a pathway of lipid-linked oligosaccharide to the active site. 28575441 5 8 with EL5 1055:1057 arg1 conformations 1069:1081 open conformations 1064:1081 open conformations that are required for correct placement of the oligosaccharide in the active site 1064:1163 This binding triggers the conformational changes of the transmembrane domain and subsequently impairs the structural stability of EL5, leading to disordered EL5 with open conformations that are required for correct placement of the oligosaccharide in the active site. 28575441 1 9 theme acceptor 254:261 arg1 polypeptide 263:273 an acceptor polypeptide 251:273 an acceptor polypeptide 251:273 N-linked glycosylation is an enzymatic reaction in which an oligosaccharide is transferred en bloc onto an asparagine residue of an acceptor polypeptide, catalyzed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST). 28575441 2 10 theme crystal 469:475 arg1 structures 477:486 the crystal structures 465:486 the crystal structures 465:486 Despite the available crystal structures, the role of the external loop EL5, which is critical for the catalytic cycle, is enigmatic as EL5 in the crystal structures is partially absent or blocks a pathway of lipid-linked oligosaccharide to the active site. 28575441 4 11 theme oligosaccharide 808:822 arg1 moiety 785:790 the isoprenoid moiety 770:790 the isoprenoid moiety of lipid-linked oligosaccharide 770:822 The simulations reveal that the isoprenoid moiety of lipid-linked oligosaccharide favorably binds to a hydrophobic groove of the PglB transmembrane domain. 28575441 5 12 theme transmembrane 954:966 arg1 domain 968:973 the transmembrane domain 950:973 the transmembrane domain 950:973 This binding triggers the conformational changes of the transmembrane domain and subsequently impairs the structural stability of EL5, leading to disordered EL5 with open conformations that are required for correct placement of the oligosaccharide in the active site. 28575441 2 13 theme external 380:387 arg1 EL5 394:396 the external loop EL5 376:396 the external loop EL5 376:396 Despite the available crystal structures, the role of the external loop EL5, which is critical for the catalytic cycle, is enigmatic as EL5 in the crystal structures is partially absent or blocks a pathway of lipid-linked oligosaccharide to the active site. 28575441 0 14 theme necessary 94:102 arg1 changes 86:92 EL5 loop conformational changes 62:92 EL5 loop conformational changes necessary for OST activity 62:119 Transmembrane motions of PglB induced by LLO are coupled with EL5 loop conformational changes necessary for OST activity. 28575441 3 15 theme molecular 666:674 arg1 simulations 685:695 molecular dynamics simulations 666:695 molecular dynamics simulations of a bacterial OST, Campylobacter lari PglB 666:739 Here we report the molecular origin of EL5 conformational changes through a series of molecular dynamics simulations of a bacterial OST, Campylobacter lari PglB. 28575441 4 16 theme lipid-linked 795:806 arg1 oligosaccharide 808:822 lipid-linked oligosaccharide 795:822 lipid-linked oligosaccharide 795:822 The simulations reveal that the isoprenoid moiety of lipid-linked oligosaccharide favorably binds to a hydrophobic groove of the PglB transmembrane domain. 28575441 5 17 theme domain 968:973 arg1 changes 939:945 the conformational changes 920:945 the conformational changes of the transmembrane domain 920:973 This binding triggers the conformational changes of the transmembrane domain and subsequently impairs the structural stability of EL5, leading to disordered EL5 with open conformations that are required for correct placement of the oligosaccharide in the active site. 28575441 3 18 theme dynamics 676:683 arg1 simulations 685:695 molecular dynamics simulations 666:695 molecular dynamics simulations of a bacterial OST, Campylobacter lari PglB 666:739 Here we report the molecular origin of EL5 conformational changes through a series of molecular dynamics simulations of a bacterial OST, Campylobacter lari PglB. 28575441 5 19 theme active 1153:1158 arg1 site 1160:1163 the active site 1149:1163 the active site 1149:1163 This binding triggers the conformational changes of the transmembrane domain and subsequently impairs the structural stability of EL5, leading to disordered EL5 with open conformations that are required for correct placement of the oligosaccharide in the active site. 28575441 0 20 theme Transmembrane 0:12 arg1 motions 14:20 Transmembrane motions 0:20 Transmembrane motions of PglB induced by LLO 0:43 Transmembrane motions of PglB induced by LLO are coupled with EL5 loop conformational changes necessary for OST activity. 28575441 1 21 theme polypeptide 263:273 arg1 polypeptide 263:273 an acceptor polypeptide 251:273 an acceptor polypeptide 251:273 N-linked glycosylation is an enzymatic reaction in which an oligosaccharide is transferred en bloc onto an asparagine residue of an acceptor polypeptide, catalyzed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST). 28575441 1 21 theme polypeptide 263:273 arg1 residue 240:246 an asparagine residue 226:246 an asparagine residue of an acceptor polypeptide, catalyzed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) 226:319 N-linked glycosylation is an enzymatic reaction in which an oligosaccharide is transferred en bloc onto an asparagine residue of an acceptor polypeptide, catalyzed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST). 28575441 3 22 theme EL5 619:621 arg1 changes 638:644 EL5 conformational changes 619:644 EL5 conformational changes 619:644 Here we report the molecular origin of EL5 conformational changes through a series of molecular dynamics simulations of a bacterial OST, Campylobacter lari PglB. 28575441 0 23 theme PglB 25:28 arg1 motions 14:20 Transmembrane motions 0:20 Transmembrane motions of PglB induced by LLO 0:43 Transmembrane motions of PglB induced by LLO are coupled with EL5 loop conformational changes necessary for OST activity. 28575441 5 24 theme EL5 1028:1030 arg1 stability 1015:1023 the structural stability 1000:1023 the structural stability of EL5 1000:1030 This binding triggers the conformational changes of the transmembrane domain and subsequently impairs the structural stability of EL5, leading to disordered EL5 with open conformations that are required for correct placement of the oligosaccharide in the active site. 28575441 5 25 theme conformational 924:937 arg1 changes 939:945 the conformational changes 920:945 the conformational changes of the transmembrane domain 920:973 This binding triggers the conformational changes of the transmembrane domain and subsequently impairs the structural stability of EL5, leading to disordered EL5 with open conformations that are required for correct placement of the oligosaccharide in the active site. 28575441 5 26 theme structural 1004:1013 arg1 stability 1015:1023 the structural stability 1000:1023 the structural stability of EL5 1000:1030 This binding triggers the conformational changes of the transmembrane domain and subsequently impairs the structural stability of EL5, leading to disordered EL5 with open conformations that are required for correct placement of the oligosaccharide in the active site. 28575441 0 27 theme OST 108:110 arg1 activity 112:119 OST activity 108:119 OST activity 108:119 Transmembrane motions of PglB induced by LLO are coupled with EL5 loop conformational changes necessary for OST activity. 28575441 3 28 theme molecular 599:607 arg1 origin 609:614 the molecular origin 595:614 the molecular origin of EL5 conformational changes 595:644 Here we report the molecular origin of EL5 conformational changes through a series of molecular dynamics simulations of a bacterial OST, Campylobacter lari PglB. 28575441 2 29 theme crystal 344:350 arg1 structures 352:361 the available crystal structures 330:361 the available crystal structures 330:361 Despite the available crystal structures, the role of the external loop EL5, which is critical for the catalytic cycle, is enigmatic as EL5 in the crystal structures is partially absent or blocks a pathway of lipid-linked oligosaccharide to the active site. 28575441 2 30 link lipid-linked 531:542 arg1 oligosaccharide 544:558 lipid-linked oligosaccharide 531:558 lipid-linked oligosaccharide 531:558 Despite the available crystal structures, the role of the external loop EL5, which is critical for the catalytic cycle, is enigmatic as EL5 in the crystal structures is partially absent or blocks a pathway of lipid-linked oligosaccharide to the active site. 28575441 4 31 theme isoprenoid 774:783 arg1 moiety 785:790 the isoprenoid moiety 770:790 the isoprenoid moiety of lipid-linked oligosaccharide 770:822 The simulations reveal that the isoprenoid moiety of lipid-linked oligosaccharide favorably binds to a hydrophobic groove of the PglB transmembrane domain. 28575441 2 32 theme EL5 394:396 arg1 enigmatic 445:453 enigmatic 445:453 enigmatic 445:453 Despite the available crystal structures, the role of the external loop EL5, which is critical for the catalytic cycle, is enigmatic as EL5 in the crystal structures is partially absent or blocks a pathway of lipid-linked oligosaccharide to the active site. 28575441 2 32 theme EL5 394:396 arg1 role 368:371 the role 364:371 the role 364:371 Despite the available crystal structures, the role of the external loop EL5, which is critical for the catalytic cycle, is enigmatic as EL5 in the crystal structures is partially absent or blocks a pathway of lipid-linked oligosaccharide to the active site. 28575441 2 32 theme EL5 394:396 arg1 critical 408:415 critical 408:415 critical 408:415 Despite the available crystal structures, the role of the external loop EL5, which is critical for the catalytic cycle, is enigmatic as EL5 in the crystal structures is partially absent or blocks a pathway of lipid-linked oligosaccharide to the active site. 28575441 3 33 theme PglB 736:739 arg1 simulations 685:695 molecular dynamics simulations 666:695 molecular dynamics simulations of a bacterial OST, Campylobacter lari PglB 666:739 Here we report the molecular origin of EL5 conformational changes through a series of molecular dynamics simulations of a bacterial OST, Campylobacter lari PglB. 28575441 5 34 theme open 1064:1067 arg1 conformations 1069:1081 open conformations 1064:1081 open conformations that are required for correct placement of the oligosaccharide in the active site 1064:1163 This binding triggers the conformational changes of the transmembrane domain and subsequently impairs the structural stability of EL5, leading to disordered EL5 with open conformations that are required for correct placement of the oligosaccharide in the active site. 28575441 1 35 theme en 213:214 arg1 bloc 216:219 en bloc 213:219 en bloc 213:219 N-linked glycosylation is an enzymatic reaction in which an oligosaccharide is transferred en bloc onto an asparagine residue of an acceptor polypeptide, catalyzed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST). 28575441 5 36 theme oligosaccharide 1130:1144 arg1 placement 1113:1121 correct placement 1105:1121 correct placement of the oligosaccharide in the active site 1105:1163 This binding triggers the conformational changes of the transmembrane domain and subsequently impairs the structural stability of EL5, leading to disordered EL5 with open conformations that are required for correct placement of the oligosaccharide in the active site. 28575441 2 37 theme lipid-linked 531:542 arg1 oligosaccharide 544:558 lipid-linked oligosaccharide 531:558 lipid-linked oligosaccharide 531:558 Despite the available crystal structures, the role of the external loop EL5, which is critical for the catalytic cycle, is enigmatic as EL5 in the crystal structures is partially absent or blocks a pathway of lipid-linked oligosaccharide to the active site. 28575441 2 38 from EL5 458:460 arg1 structures 477:486 the crystal structures 465:486 the crystal structures 465:486 Despite the available crystal structures, the role of the external loop EL5, which is critical for the catalytic cycle, is enigmatic as EL5 in the crystal structures is partially absent or blocks a pathway of lipid-linked oligosaccharide to the active site. 28575441 3 39 dep PglB 736:739 arg1 Campylobacter 717:729 Campylobacter 717:729 Campylobacter 717:729 Here we report the molecular origin of EL5 conformational changes through a series of molecular dynamics simulations of a bacterial OST, Campylobacter lari PglB. 28575441 2 40 theme available 334:342 arg1 structures 352:361 the available crystal structures 330:361 the available crystal structures 330:361 Despite the available crystal structures, the role of the external loop EL5, which is critical for the catalytic cycle, is enigmatic as EL5 in the crystal structures is partially absent or blocks a pathway of lipid-linked oligosaccharide to the active site. 28575441 2 41 theme catalytic 425:433 arg1 cycle 435:439 the catalytic cycle 421:439 the catalytic cycle 421:439 Despite the available crystal structures, the role of the external loop EL5, which is critical for the catalytic cycle, is enigmatic as EL5 in the crystal structures is partially absent or blocks a pathway of lipid-linked oligosaccharide to the active site. 28575441 1 42 link N-linked 122:129 arg1 reaction 161:168 an enzymatic reaction 148:168 an enzymatic reaction in which an oligosaccharide is transferred en bloc onto an asparagine residue of an acceptor polypeptide, catalyzed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) 148:319 N-linked glycosylation is an enzymatic reaction in which an oligosaccharide is transferred en bloc onto an asparagine residue of an acceptor polypeptide, catalyzed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST). 28575441 1 42 link N-linked 122:129 arg1 glycosylation 131:143 N-linked glycosylation 122:143 N-linked glycosylation 122:143 N-linked glycosylation is an enzymatic reaction in which an oligosaccharide is transferred en bloc onto an asparagine residue of an acceptor polypeptide, catalyzed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST). 28575441 3 43 theme conformational 623:636 arg1 changes 638:644 EL5 conformational changes 619:644 EL5 conformational changes 619:644 Here we report the molecular origin of EL5 conformational changes through a series of molecular dynamics simulations of a bacterial OST, Campylobacter lari PglB. 28575441 4 44 link lipid-linked 795:806 arg1 oligosaccharide 808:822 lipid-linked oligosaccharide 795:822 lipid-linked oligosaccharide 795:822 The simulations reveal that the isoprenoid moiety of lipid-linked oligosaccharide favorably binds to a hydrophobic groove of the PglB transmembrane domain. 28575441 5 45 theme disordered 1044:1053 arg1 EL5 1055:1057 disordered EL5 1044:1057 disordered EL5 with open conformations that are required for correct placement of the oligosaccharide in the active site 1044:1163 This binding triggers the conformational changes of the transmembrane domain and subsequently impairs the structural stability of EL5, leading to disordered EL5 with open conformations that are required for correct placement of the oligosaccharide in the active site. 28575441 4 46 theme transmembrane 876:888 arg1 domain 890:895 the PglB transmembrane domain 867:895 the PglB transmembrane domain 867:895 The simulations reveal that the isoprenoid moiety of lipid-linked oligosaccharide favorably binds to a hydrophobic groove of the PglB transmembrane domain. 28575441 3 47 theme changes 638:644 arg1 origin 609:614 the molecular origin 595:614 the molecular origin of EL5 conformational changes 595:644 Here we report the molecular origin of EL5 conformational changes through a series of molecular dynamics simulations of a bacterial OST, Campylobacter lari PglB. 28575441 4 48 theme PglB 871:874 arg1 domain 890:895 the PglB transmembrane domain 867:895 the PglB transmembrane domain 867:895 The simulations reveal that the isoprenoid moiety of lipid-linked oligosaccharide favorably binds to a hydrophobic groove of the PglB transmembrane domain. 28575441 1 49 theme N-linked 122:129 arg1 reaction 161:168 an enzymatic reaction 148:168 an enzymatic reaction in which an oligosaccharide is transferred en bloc onto an asparagine residue of an acceptor polypeptide, catalyzed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) 148:319 N-linked glycosylation is an enzymatic reaction in which an oligosaccharide is transferred en bloc onto an asparagine residue of an acceptor polypeptide, catalyzed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST). 28575441 1 49 theme N-linked 122:129 arg1 glycosylation 131:143 N-linked glycosylation 122:143 N-linked glycosylation 122:143 N-linked glycosylation is an enzymatic reaction in which an oligosaccharide is transferred en bloc onto an asparagine residue of an acceptor polypeptide, catalyzed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST). 28575441 4 50 theme hydrophobic 845:855 arg1 groove 857:862 a hydrophobic groove 843:862 a hydrophobic groove of the PglB transmembrane domain 843:895 The simulations reveal that the isoprenoid moiety of lipid-linked oligosaccharide favorably binds to a hydrophobic groove of the PglB transmembrane domain. 28575441 2 51 theme loop 389:392 arg1 EL5 394:396 the external loop EL5 376:396 the external loop EL5 376:396 Despite the available crystal structures, the role of the external loop EL5, which is critical for the catalytic cycle, is enigmatic as EL5 in the crystal structures is partially absent or blocks a pathway of lipid-linked oligosaccharide to the active site. 28575441 5 52 from placement 1113:1121 arg1 site 1160:1163 the active site 1149:1163 the active site 1149:1163 This binding triggers the conformational changes of the transmembrane domain and subsequently impairs the structural stability of EL5, leading to disordered EL5 with open conformations that are required for correct placement of the oligosaccharide in the active site. 28575441 5 53 theme correct 1105:1111 arg1 placement 1113:1121 correct placement 1105:1121 correct placement of the oligosaccharide in the active site 1105:1163 This binding triggers the conformational changes of the transmembrane domain and subsequently impairs the structural stability of EL5, leading to disordered EL5 with open conformations that are required for correct placement of the oligosaccharide in the active site. 28575441 1 54 theme asparagine 229:238 arg1 polypeptide 263:273 an acceptor polypeptide 251:273 an acceptor polypeptide 251:273 N-linked glycosylation is an enzymatic reaction in which an oligosaccharide is transferred en bloc onto an asparagine residue of an acceptor polypeptide, catalyzed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST). 28575441 1 54 theme asparagine 229:238 arg1 residue 240:246 an asparagine residue 226:246 an asparagine residue of an acceptor polypeptide, catalyzed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) 226:319 N-linked glycosylation is an enzymatic reaction in which an oligosaccharide is transferred en bloc onto an asparagine residue of an acceptor polypeptide, catalyzed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST). 25332989 4 0 attach isolated 659:666 arg1 lucidum 699:705 the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum 673:705 the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum 673:705 The radioprotective properties of BG isolated from the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum was assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). 25332989 4 0 attach isolated 659:666 arg2 BG 656:657 BG 656:657 BG isolated from the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum 656:705 The radioprotective properties of BG isolated from the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum was assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). 25332989 7 1 theme DNA 1020:1022 arg1 ability 1034:1040 DNA repairing ability 1020:1040 DNA repairing ability 1020:1040 The results indicate that the BG of G. lucidum possessed significant radioprotective activity with DNA repairing ability and antioxidant activity as the suggestive mechanism. 25332989 1 2 theme white 136:140 arg1 macrofungus 146:156 a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus 120:156 a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus 120:156 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi), a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus has been used extensively for therapeutic use in China, Japan, Korea and other Asian countries for 2,000 years. 25332989 1 2 theme white 136:140 arg1 lucidum 100:106 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum 79:106 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi) 79:117 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi), a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus has been used extensively for therapeutic use in China, Japan, Korea and other Asian countries for 2,000 years. 25332989 7 3 theme repairing 1024:1032 arg1 ability 1034:1040 DNA repairing ability 1020:1040 DNA repairing ability 1020:1040 The results indicate that the BG of G. lucidum possessed significant radioprotective activity with DNA repairing ability and antioxidant activity as the suggestive mechanism. 25332989 1 4 theme rot 142:144 arg1 macrofungus 146:156 a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus 120:156 a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus 120:156 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi), a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus has been used extensively for therapeutic use in China, Japan, Korea and other Asian countries for 2,000 years. 25332989 1 4 theme rot 142:144 arg1 lucidum 100:106 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum 79:106 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi) 79:117 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi), a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus has been used extensively for therapeutic use in China, Japan, Korea and other Asian countries for 2,000 years. 25332989 6 5 theme comet 884:888 arg1 parameters 890:899 The comet parameters 880:899 RESULTS The comet parameters 872:899 RESULTS The comet parameters were reduced by BG. 25332989 2 6 theme present 274:280 arg1 study 282:286 The present study 270:286 The present study 270:286 The present study is an attempt to investigate its DNA protecting property in human lymphocytes. 25332989 2 6 theme present 274:280 arg1 attempt 294:300 an attempt 291:300 an attempt to investigate its DNA protecting property in human lymphocytes 291:364 The present study is an attempt to investigate its DNA protecting property in human lymphocytes. 25332989 5 7 theme BG 868:869 arg1 absence 857:863 absence 857:863 absence 857:863 Human lymphocytes were exposed to 0, 1, 2 and 4 Gy gamma radiation in the presence and absence of BG. 25332989 5 7 theme BG 868:869 arg1 presence 844:851 presence 844:851 presence 844:851 Human lymphocytes were exposed to 0, 1, 2 and 4 Gy gamma radiation in the presence and absence of BG. 25332989 7 8 theme antioxidant 1046:1056 arg1 activity 1058:1065 antioxidant activity 1046:1065 antioxidant activity 1046:1065 The results indicate that the BG of G. lucidum possessed significant radioprotective activity with DNA repairing ability and antioxidant activity as the suggestive mechanism. 25332989 3 9 theme infrared 491:498 arg1 IR 511:512 IR 511:512 IR 511:512 MATERIALS AND METHODS Beta glucan (BG) was isolated by standard procedure and the structure and composition were studied by infrared radiation (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel filtration chromatography and paper chromatography. 25332989 3 9 theme infrared 491:498 arg1 radiation 500:508 infrared radiation 491:508 infrared radiation (IR) 491:513 MATERIALS AND METHODS Beta glucan (BG) was isolated by standard procedure and the structure and composition were studied by infrared radiation (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel filtration chromatography and paper chromatography. 25332989 1 10 theme other 231:235 arg1 countries 243:251 other Asian countries 231:251 other Asian countries 231:251 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi), a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus has been used extensively for therapeutic use in China, Japan, Korea and other Asian countries for 2,000 years. 25332989 8 11 theme cellular 1204:1211 arg1 damages 1213:1219 radiation induced cellular damages 1186:1219 radiation induced cellular damages 1186:1219 CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest the potential use of this mushroom for the prevention of radiation induced cellular damages. 25332989 7 12 theme significant 978:988 arg1 activity 1006:1013 significant radioprotective activity 978:1013 significant radioprotective activity 978:1013 The results indicate that the BG of G. lucidum possessed significant radioprotective activity with DNA repairing ability and antioxidant activity as the suggestive mechanism. 25332989 7 12 theme significant 978:988 arg1 mechanism 1085:1093 the suggestive mechanism 1070:1093 the suggestive mechanism 1070:1093 The results indicate that the BG of G. lucidum possessed significant radioprotective activity with DNA repairing ability and antioxidant activity as the suggestive mechanism. 25332989 4 13 theme fungi 683:687 arg1 lucidum 699:705 the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum 673:705 the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum 673:705 The radioprotective properties of BG isolated from the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum was assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). 25332989 4 14 theme single 723:728 arg1 electrophoresis 739:753 single cell gel electrophoresis 723:753 single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) 723:767 The radioprotective properties of BG isolated from the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum was assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). 25332989 4 14 theme single 723:728 arg1 assay 762:766 comet assay 756:766 comet assay 756:766 The radioprotective properties of BG isolated from the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum was assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). 25332989 2 15 theme human 348:352 arg1 lymphocytes 354:364 human lymphocytes 348:364 human lymphocytes 348:364 The present study is an attempt to investigate its DNA protecting property in human lymphocytes. 25332989 8 16 theme potential 1133:1141 arg1 use 1143:1145 the potential use 1129:1145 the potential use of this mushroom for the prevention of radiation induced cellular damages 1129:1219 CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest the potential use of this mushroom for the prevention of radiation induced cellular damages. 25332989 7 17 theme radioprotective 990:1004 arg1 activity 1006:1013 significant radioprotective activity 978:1013 significant radioprotective activity 978:1013 The results indicate that the BG of G. lucidum possessed significant radioprotective activity with DNA repairing ability and antioxidant activity as the suggestive mechanism. 25332989 7 17 theme radioprotective 990:1004 arg1 mechanism 1085:1093 the suggestive mechanism 1070:1093 the suggestive mechanism 1070:1093 The results indicate that the BG of G. lucidum possessed significant radioprotective activity with DNA repairing ability and antioxidant activity as the suggestive mechanism. 25332989 0 18 theme beta 7:10 arg1 glucan 12:17 Fungal beta glucan 0:17 Fungal beta glucan 0:17 Fungal beta glucan protects radiation induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes. 25332989 3 19 dep MATERIALS 367:375 arg1 isolated 410:417 isolated 410:417 was isolated by standard procedure and the structure and composition 406:473 MATERIALS AND METHODS Beta glucan (BG) was isolated by standard procedure and the structure and composition were studied by infrared radiation (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel filtration chromatography and paper chromatography. 25332989 1 20 theme BACKGROUND 79:88 arg1 macrofungus 146:156 a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus 120:156 a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus 120:156 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi), a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus has been used extensively for therapeutic use in China, Japan, Korea and other Asian countries for 2,000 years. 25332989 1 20 theme BACKGROUND 79:88 arg1 lucidum 100:106 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum 79:106 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi) 79:117 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi), a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus has been used extensively for therapeutic use in China, Japan, Korea and other Asian countries for 2,000 years. 25332989 1 20 theme BACKGROUND 79:88 arg1 Zhi 114:116 Zhi 114:116 Zhi 114:116 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi), a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus has been used extensively for therapeutic use in China, Japan, Korea and other Asian countries for 2,000 years. 25332989 7 21 theme suggestive 1074:1083 arg1 activity 1006:1013 significant radioprotective activity 978:1013 significant radioprotective activity 978:1013 The results indicate that the BG of G. lucidum possessed significant radioprotective activity with DNA repairing ability and antioxidant activity as the suggestive mechanism. 25332989 7 21 theme suggestive 1074:1083 arg1 mechanism 1085:1093 the suggestive mechanism 1070:1093 the suggestive mechanism 1070:1093 The results indicate that the BG of G. lucidum possessed significant radioprotective activity with DNA repairing ability and antioxidant activity as the suggestive mechanism. 25332989 0 22 theme Fungal 0:5 arg1 glucan 12:17 Fungal beta glucan 0:17 Fungal beta glucan 0:17 Fungal beta glucan protects radiation induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes. 25332989 1 23 theme Asian 237:241 arg1 countries 243:251 other Asian countries 231:251 other Asian countries 231:251 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi), a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus has been used extensively for therapeutic use in China, Japan, Korea and other Asian countries for 2,000 years. 25332989 1 24 theme Ganoderma 90:98 arg1 macrofungus 146:156 a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus 120:156 a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus 120:156 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi), a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus has been used extensively for therapeutic use in China, Japan, Korea and other Asian countries for 2,000 years. 25332989 1 24 theme Ganoderma 90:98 arg1 lucidum 100:106 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum 79:106 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi) 79:117 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi), a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus has been used extensively for therapeutic use in China, Japan, Korea and other Asian countries for 2,000 years. 25332989 1 24 theme Ganoderma 90:98 arg1 Zhi 114:116 Zhi 114:116 Zhi 114:116 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi), a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus has been used extensively for therapeutic use in China, Japan, Korea and other Asian countries for 2,000 years. 25332989 2 25 theme protecting 325:334 arg1 property 336:343 its DNA protecting property 317:343 its DNA protecting property in human lymphocytes 317:364 The present study is an attempt to investigate its DNA protecting property in human lymphocytes. 25332989 4 26 theme macro 677:681 arg1 lucidum 699:705 the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum 673:705 the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum 673:705 The radioprotective properties of BG isolated from the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum was assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). 25332989 5 27 dep presence 844:851 arg1 the 840:842 the 840:842 the 840:842 Human lymphocytes were exposed to 0, 1, 2 and 4 Gy gamma radiation in the presence and absence of BG. 25332989 5 28 theme Human 770:774 arg1 lymphocytes 776:786 Human lymphocytes 770:786 Human lymphocytes 770:786 Human lymphocytes were exposed to 0, 1, 2 and 4 Gy gamma radiation in the presence and absence of BG. 25332989 3 29 dep structure 449:457 arg1 the 445:447 the 445:447 the 445:447 MATERIALS AND METHODS Beta glucan (BG) was isolated by standard procedure and the structure and composition were studied by infrared radiation (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel filtration chromatography and paper chromatography. 25332989 7 30 theme G. 957:958 arg1 lucidum 960:966 G. lucidum 957:966 G. lucidum 957:966 The results indicate that the BG of G. lucidum possessed significant radioprotective activity with DNA repairing ability and antioxidant activity as the suggestive mechanism. 25332989 3 31 theme filtration 570:579 arg1 chromatography 581:594 gel filtration chromatography 566:594 gel filtration chromatography 566:594 MATERIALS AND METHODS Beta glucan (BG) was isolated by standard procedure and the structure and composition were studied by infrared radiation (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel filtration chromatography and paper chromatography. 25332989 4 32 theme Ganoderma 689:697 arg1 lucidum 699:705 the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum 673:705 the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum 673:705 The radioprotective properties of BG isolated from the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum was assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). 25332989 4 33 theme radioprotective 626:640 arg1 properties 642:651 The radioprotective properties 622:651 The radioprotective properties of BG isolated from the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum 622:705 The radioprotective properties of BG isolated from the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum was assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). 25332989 0 34 theme induced 38:44 arg1 damage 50:55 radiation induced DNA damage 28:55 radiation induced DNA damage 28:55 Fungal beta glucan protects radiation induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes. 25332989 5 35 theme gamma 821:825 arg1 radiation 827:835 0, 1, 2 and 4 Gy gamma radiation 804:835 0, 1, 2 and 4 Gy gamma radiation 804:835 Human lymphocytes were exposed to 0, 1, 2 and 4 Gy gamma radiation in the presence and absence of BG. 25332989 8 36 theme radiation 1186:1194 arg1 damages 1213:1219 radiation induced cellular damages 1186:1219 radiation induced cellular damages 1186:1219 CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest the potential use of this mushroom for the prevention of radiation induced cellular damages. 25332989 3 37 theme magnetic 527:534 arg1 NMR 547:549 NMR 547:549 NMR 547:549 MATERIALS AND METHODS Beta glucan (BG) was isolated by standard procedure and the structure and composition were studied by infrared radiation (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel filtration chromatography and paper chromatography. 25332989 3 37 theme magnetic 527:534 arg1 resonance 536:544 nuclear magnetic resonance 519:544 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 519:563 MATERIALS AND METHODS Beta glucan (BG) was isolated by standard procedure and the structure and composition were studied by infrared radiation (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel filtration chromatography and paper chromatography. 25332989 3 38 theme Beta 389:392 arg1 glucan 394:399 Beta glucan 389:399 Beta glucan (BG) 389:404 MATERIALS AND METHODS Beta glucan (BG) was isolated by standard procedure and the structure and composition were studied by infrared radiation (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel filtration chromatography and paper chromatography. 25332989 3 38 theme Beta 389:392 arg1 BG 402:403 BG 402:403 BG 402:403 MATERIALS AND METHODS Beta glucan (BG) was isolated by standard procedure and the structure and composition were studied by infrared radiation (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel filtration chromatography and paper chromatography. 25332989 1 39 theme therapeutic 188:198 arg1 use 200:202 therapeutic use 188:202 therapeutic use 188:202 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi), a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus has been used extensively for therapeutic use in China, Japan, Korea and other Asian countries for 2,000 years. 25332989 0 40 theme radiation 28:36 arg1 damage 50:55 radiation induced DNA damage 28:55 radiation induced DNA damage 28:55 Fungal beta glucan protects radiation induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes. 25332989 3 41 theme resonance 536:544 arg1 spectroscopy 552:563 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 519:563 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 519:563 MATERIALS AND METHODS Beta glucan (BG) was isolated by standard procedure and the structure and composition were studied by infrared radiation (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel filtration chromatography and paper chromatography. 25332989 2 42 from property 336:343 arg1 lymphocytes 354:364 human lymphocytes 348:364 human lymphocytes 348:364 The present study is an attempt to investigate its DNA protecting property in human lymphocytes. 25332989 8 43 theme damages 1213:1219 arg1 prevention 1172:1181 the prevention 1168:1181 the prevention of radiation induced cellular damages 1168:1219 CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest the potential use of this mushroom for the prevention of radiation induced cellular damages. 25332989 3 44 theme gel 566:568 arg1 chromatography 581:594 gel filtration chromatography 566:594 gel filtration chromatography 566:594 MATERIALS AND METHODS Beta glucan (BG) was isolated by standard procedure and the structure and composition were studied by infrared radiation (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel filtration chromatography and paper chromatography. 25332989 8 45 theme mushroom 1155:1162 arg1 use 1143:1145 the potential use 1129:1145 the potential use of this mushroom for the prevention of radiation induced cellular damages 1129:1219 CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest the potential use of this mushroom for the prevention of radiation induced cellular damages. 25332989 5 46 theme Gy 818:819 arg1 radiation 827:835 0, 1, 2 and 4 Gy gamma radiation 804:835 0, 1, 2 and 4 Gy gamma radiation 804:835 Human lymphocytes were exposed to 0, 1, 2 and 4 Gy gamma radiation in the presence and absence of BG. 25332989 0 47 theme DNA 46:48 arg1 damage 50:55 radiation induced DNA damage 28:55 radiation induced DNA damage 28:55 Fungal beta glucan protects radiation induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes. 25332989 7 48 theme lucidum 960:966 arg1 BG 951:952 the BG 947:952 the BG of G. lucidum 947:966 The results indicate that the BG of G. lucidum possessed significant radioprotective activity with DNA repairing ability and antioxidant activity as the suggestive mechanism. 25332989 3 49 theme nuclear 519:525 arg1 NMR 547:549 NMR 547:549 NMR 547:549 MATERIALS AND METHODS Beta glucan (BG) was isolated by standard procedure and the structure and composition were studied by infrared radiation (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel filtration chromatography and paper chromatography. 25332989 3 49 theme nuclear 519:525 arg1 resonance 536:544 nuclear magnetic resonance 519:544 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 519:563 MATERIALS AND METHODS Beta glucan (BG) was isolated by standard procedure and the structure and composition were studied by infrared radiation (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel filtration chromatography and paper chromatography. 25332989 4 50 theme BG 656:657 arg1 properties 642:651 The radioprotective properties 622:651 The radioprotective properties of BG isolated from the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum 622:705 The radioprotective properties of BG isolated from the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum was assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). 25332989 7 51 contain possessed 968:976 arg2 mechanism 1085:1093 the suggestive mechanism 1070:1093 the suggestive mechanism 1070:1093 The results indicate that the BG of G. lucidum possessed significant radioprotective activity with DNA repairing ability and antioxidant activity as the suggestive mechanism. 25332989 7 51 contain possessed 968:976 arg1 BG 951:952 the BG 947:952 the BG of G. lucidum 947:966 The results indicate that the BG of G. lucidum possessed significant radioprotective activity with DNA repairing ability and antioxidant activity as the suggestive mechanism. 25332989 7 51 contain possessed 968:976 arg2 activity 1006:1013 significant radioprotective activity 978:1013 significant radioprotective activity 978:1013 The results indicate that the BG of G. lucidum possessed significant radioprotective activity with DNA repairing ability and antioxidant activity as the suggestive mechanism. 25332989 8 52 dep CONCLUSIONS 1096:1106 arg1 suggest 1121:1127 suggest 1121:1127 suggest the potential use of this mushroom for the prevention of radiation induced cellular damages 1121:1219 CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest the potential use of this mushroom for the prevention of radiation induced cellular damages. 25332989 4 53 theme gel 735:737 arg1 electrophoresis 739:753 single cell gel electrophoresis 723:753 single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) 723:767 The radioprotective properties of BG isolated from the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum was assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). 25332989 4 53 theme gel 735:737 arg1 assay 762:766 comet assay 756:766 comet assay 756:766 The radioprotective properties of BG isolated from the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum was assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). 25332989 1 54 used used 167:170 arg2 macrofungus 146:156 a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus 120:156 a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus 120:156 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi), a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus has been used extensively for therapeutic use in China, Japan, Korea and other Asian countries for 2,000 years. 25332989 1 54 used used 167:170 arg2 lucidum 100:106 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum 79:106 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi) 79:117 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi), a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus has been used extensively for therapeutic use in China, Japan, Korea and other Asian countries for 2,000 years. 25332989 1 54 used used 167:170 arg2 Zhi 114:116 Zhi 114:116 Zhi 114:116 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi), a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus has been used extensively for therapeutic use in China, Japan, Korea and other Asian countries for 2,000 years. 25332989 4 55 theme comet 756:760 arg1 electrophoresis 739:753 single cell gel electrophoresis 723:753 single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) 723:767 The radioprotective properties of BG isolated from the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum was assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). 25332989 4 55 theme comet 756:760 arg1 assay 762:766 comet assay 756:766 comet assay 756:766 The radioprotective properties of BG isolated from the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum was assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). 25332989 6 56 dep RESULTS 872:878 arg1 parameters 890:899 The comet parameters 880:899 RESULTS The comet parameters 872:899 RESULTS The comet parameters were reduced by BG. 25332989 4 57 theme cell 730:733 arg1 electrophoresis 739:753 single cell gel electrophoresis 723:753 single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) 723:767 The radioprotective properties of BG isolated from the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum was assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). 25332989 4 57 theme cell 730:733 arg1 assay 762:766 comet assay 756:766 comet assay 756:766 The radioprotective properties of BG isolated from the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum was assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). 25332989 3 58 theme standard 422:429 arg1 procedure 431:439 standard procedure 422:439 standard procedure 422:439 MATERIALS AND METHODS Beta glucan (BG) was isolated by standard procedure and the structure and composition were studied by infrared radiation (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel filtration chromatography and paper chromatography. 25332989 0 59 theme human 60:64 arg1 lymphocytes 66:76 human lymphocytes 60:76 human lymphocytes 60:76 Fungal beta glucan protects radiation induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes. 25332989 3 60 theme paper 600:604 arg1 chromatography 606:619 paper chromatography 600:619 paper chromatography 600:619 MATERIALS AND METHODS Beta glucan (BG) was isolated by standard procedure and the structure and composition were studied by infrared radiation (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel filtration chromatography and paper chromatography. 25332989 2 61 theme DNA 321:323 arg1 property 336:343 its DNA protecting property 317:343 its DNA protecting property in human lymphocytes 317:364 The present study is an attempt to investigate its DNA protecting property in human lymphocytes. 25332989 1 62 theme basidiomycete 122:134 arg1 macrofungus 146:156 a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus 120:156 a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus 120:156 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi), a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus has been used extensively for therapeutic use in China, Japan, Korea and other Asian countries for 2,000 years. 25332989 1 62 theme basidiomycete 122:134 arg1 lucidum 100:106 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum 79:106 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi) 79:117 BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi), a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus has been used extensively for therapeutic use in China, Japan, Korea and other Asian countries for 2,000 years. 25332989 8 63 theme induced 1196:1202 arg1 damages 1213:1219 radiation induced cellular damages 1186:1219 radiation induced cellular damages 1186:1219 CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest the potential use of this mushroom for the prevention of radiation induced cellular damages. 26446791 0 0 theme Oxidative 110:118 arg1 System 136:141 Oxidative Phosphorylation System 110:141 Oxidative Phosphorylation System Regulating Cardiac Mitochondrial Function 110:183 O-GlcNAcomic Profiling Identifies Widespread O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification (O-GlcNAcylation) in Oxidative Phosphorylation System Regulating Cardiac Mitochondrial Function. 26446791 8 1 theme mitochondrial 1247:1259 arg1 rates 1280:1284 significantly increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates 1223:1284 significantly increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates 1223:1284 Concomitantly, TMG treatment resulted in significantly increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, ATP production rates, and enhanced threshold for permeability transition pore opening by Ca(2+). 26446791 5 2 theme major 893:897 arg1 target 899:904 a major target 891:904 a major target 891:904 O-GlcNAcomic profiling finds that over 88 mitochondrial proteins are O-GlcNAcylated, with the oxidative phosphorylation system as a major target. 26446791 1 3 theme O-linked 205:212 arg1 O-GlcNAc 237:244 O-GlcNAc 237:244 O-GlcNAc 237:244 Dynamic cycling of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on nucleocytoplasmic proteins serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate numerous biological processes. 26446791 1 3 theme O-linked 205:212 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 214:234 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 205:234 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 205:245 Dynamic cycling of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on nucleocytoplasmic proteins serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate numerous biological processes. 26446791 6 4 theme many 1078:1081 arg1 proteins 1083:1090 many proteins 1078:1090 many proteins 1078:1090 Moreover, in comparison with controls, cardiac mitochondria from TMG-treated rats did not exhibit altered protein abundance but showed overall elevated O-GlcNAcylation of many proteins. 26446791 6 5 from rats 984:987 arg1 mitochondria 954:965 cardiac mitochondria 946:965 cardiac mitochondria from TMG-treated rats 946:987 Moreover, in comparison with controls, cardiac mitochondria from TMG-treated rats did not exhibit altered protein abundance but showed overall elevated O-GlcNAcylation of many proteins. 26446791 6 6 theme TMG-treated 972:982 arg1 rats 984:987 TMG-treated rats 972:987 TMG-treated rats 972:987 Moreover, in comparison with controls, cardiac mitochondria from TMG-treated rats did not exhibit altered protein abundance but showed overall elevated O-GlcNAcylation of many proteins. 26446791 1 7 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 214:234 arg1 sensor 298:303 a nutrient sensor 287:303 a nutrient sensor to regulate numerous biological processes 287:345 Dynamic cycling of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on nucleocytoplasmic proteins serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate numerous biological processes. 26446791 1 7 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 214:234 arg1 cycling 194:200 Dynamic cycling 186:200 Dynamic cycling of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on nucleocytoplasmic proteins 186:275 Dynamic cycling of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on nucleocytoplasmic proteins serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate numerous biological processes. 26446791 1 8 theme numerous 317:324 arg1 processes 337:345 numerous biological processes 317:345 numerous biological processes 317:345 Dynamic cycling of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on nucleocytoplasmic proteins serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate numerous biological processes. 26446791 8 9 theme consumption 1268:1278 arg1 rates 1280:1284 significantly increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates 1223:1284 significantly increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates 1223:1284 Concomitantly, TMG treatment resulted in significantly increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, ATP production rates, and enhanced threshold for permeability transition pore opening by Ca(2+). 26446791 2 10 from effects 403:409 arg1 function 414:421 function 414:421 function 414:421 However, mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation and its effects on function are largely unexplored. 26446791 2 11 theme mitochondrial 357:369 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 379:393 mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation 357:393 mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation 357:393 However, mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation and its effects on function are largely unexplored. 26446791 1 12 theme biological 326:335 arg1 processes 337:345 numerous biological processes 317:345 numerous biological processes 317:345 Dynamic cycling of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on nucleocytoplasmic proteins serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate numerous biological processes. 26446791 0 13 theme Phosphorylation 120:134 arg1 System 136:141 Oxidative Phosphorylation System 110:141 Oxidative Phosphorylation System Regulating Cardiac Mitochondrial Function 110:183 O-GlcNAcomic Profiling Identifies Widespread O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification (O-GlcNAcylation) in Oxidative Phosphorylation System Regulating Cardiac Mitochondrial Function. 26446791 4 14 attach isolated 731:738 arg2 mitochondria 718:729 mitochondria 718:729 mitochondria isolated from the two groups 718:758 We then determined the functional consequences in mitochondria isolated from the two groups. 26446791 4 14 attach isolated 731:738 arg1 groups 753:758 the two groups 745:758 the two groups 745:758 We then determined the functional consequences in mitochondria isolated from the two groups. 26446791 9 15 theme mitochondrial 1423:1435 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1445:1459 widespread and dynamic mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation 1400:1459 widespread and dynamic mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation 1400:1459 Our data reveal widespread and dynamic mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation, serving as a regulator to their function. 26446791 1 16 from cycling 194:200 arg1 proteins 268:275 nucleocytoplasmic proteins 250:275 nucleocytoplasmic proteins 250:275 Dynamic cycling of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on nucleocytoplasmic proteins serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate numerous biological processes. 26446791 6 17 theme elevated 1050:1057 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1059:1073 overall elevated O-GlcNAcylation 1042:1073 overall elevated O-GlcNAcylation of many proteins 1042:1090 Moreover, in comparison with controls, cardiac mitochondria from TMG-treated rats did not exhibit altered protein abundance but showed overall elevated O-GlcNAcylation of many proteins. 26446791 0 18 theme Cardiac 154:160 arg1 Function 176:183 Cardiac Mitochondrial Function 154:183 Cardiac Mitochondrial Function 154:183 O-GlcNAcomic Profiling Identifies Widespread O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification (O-GlcNAcylation) in Oxidative Phosphorylation System Regulating Cardiac Mitochondrial Function. 26446791 0 19 from Modification 76:87 arg1 System 136:141 Oxidative Phosphorylation System 110:141 Oxidative Phosphorylation System Regulating Cardiac Mitochondrial Function 110:183 O-GlcNAcomic Profiling Identifies Widespread O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification (O-GlcNAcylation) in Oxidative Phosphorylation System Regulating Cardiac Mitochondrial Function. 26446791 3 20 dep acutely 564:570 arg1 h 576:576 12 h 573:576 12 h 573:576 In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the proteome and O-GlcNAcome of cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase. 26446791 3 21 theme proteome 505:512 arg1 analysis 489:496 a comparative analysis 475:496 a comparative analysis of the proteome and O-GlcNAcome of cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase 475:665 In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the proteome and O-GlcNAcome of cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase. 26446791 3 22 theme comparative 477:487 arg1 analysis 489:496 a comparative analysis 475:496 a comparative analysis of the proteome and O-GlcNAcome of cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase 475:665 In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the proteome and O-GlcNAcome of cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase. 26446791 8 23 theme ATP 1287:1289 arg1 rates 1302:1306 ATP production rates 1287:1306 ATP production rates 1287:1306 Concomitantly, TMG treatment resulted in significantly increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, ATP production rates, and enhanced threshold for permeability transition pore opening by Ca(2+). 26446791 4 24 from consequences 702:713 arg1 mitochondria 718:729 mitochondria 718:729 mitochondria isolated from the two groups 718:758 We then determined the functional consequences in mitochondria isolated from the two groups. 26446791 4 25 theme functional 691:700 arg1 consequences 702:713 the functional consequences 687:713 the functional consequences in mitochondria isolated from the two groups 687:758 We then determined the functional consequences in mitochondria isolated from the two groups. 26446791 5 26 theme phosphorylation 865:879 arg1 system 881:886 the oxidative phosphorylation system 851:886 the oxidative phosphorylation system as a major target 851:904 O-GlcNAcomic profiling finds that over 88 mitochondrial proteins are O-GlcNAcylated, with the oxidative phosphorylation system as a major target. 26446791 8 27 theme increased 1237:1245 arg1 rates 1280:1284 significantly increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates 1223:1284 significantly increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates 1223:1284 Concomitantly, TMG treatment resulted in significantly increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, ATP production rates, and enhanced threshold for permeability transition pore opening by Ca(2+). 26446791 7 28 theme specific 1163:1170 arg1 proteins 1172:1179 specific proteins 1163:1179 specific proteins 1163:1179 However, O-GlcNAc was unexpectedly down-regulated at certain sites of specific proteins. 26446791 3 29 from rats 559:562 arg1 proteome 505:512 proteome 505:512 proteome 505:512 In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the proteome and O-GlcNAcome of cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase. 26446791 3 29 from rats 559:562 arg1 O-GlcNAcome 518:528 O-GlcNAcome 518:528 O-GlcNAcome 518:528 In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the proteome and O-GlcNAcome of cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase. 26446791 3 29 from rats 559:562 arg1 mitochondria 541:552 cardiac mitochondria 533:552 cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase 533:665 In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the proteome and O-GlcNAcome of cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase. 26446791 6 30 theme cardiac 946:952 arg1 mitochondria 954:965 cardiac mitochondria 946:965 cardiac mitochondria from TMG-treated rats 946:987 Moreover, in comparison with controls, cardiac mitochondria from TMG-treated rats did not exhibit altered protein abundance but showed overall elevated O-GlcNAcylation of many proteins. 26446791 0 31 theme O-GlcNAcomic 0:11 arg1 Profiling 13:21 O-GlcNAcomic Profiling 0:21 O-GlcNAcomic Profiling 0:21 O-GlcNAcomic Profiling Identifies Widespread O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification (O-GlcNAcylation) in Oxidative Phosphorylation System Regulating Cardiac Mitochondrial Function. 26446791 6 32 theme overall 1042:1048 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1059:1073 overall elevated O-GlcNAcylation 1042:1073 overall elevated O-GlcNAcylation of many proteins 1042:1090 Moreover, in comparison with controls, cardiac mitochondria from TMG-treated rats did not exhibit altered protein abundance but showed overall elevated O-GlcNAcylation of many proteins. 26446791 7 33 theme proteins 1172:1179 arg1 sites 1154:1158 certain sites 1146:1158 certain sites of specific proteins 1146:1179 However, O-GlcNAc was unexpectedly down-regulated at certain sites of specific proteins. 26446791 7 33 theme proteins 1172:1179 arg1 proteins 1172:1179 specific proteins 1163:1179 specific proteins 1163:1179 However, O-GlcNAc was unexpectedly down-regulated at certain sites of specific proteins. 26446791 6 34 with comparison 920:929 arg1 controls 936:943 controls 936:943 controls 936:943 Moreover, in comparison with controls, cardiac mitochondria from TMG-treated rats did not exhibit altered protein abundance but showed overall elevated O-GlcNAcylation of many proteins. 26446791 0 35 theme Widespread 34:43 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 90:104 O-GlcNAcylation 90:104 O-GlcNAcylation 90:104 O-GlcNAcomic Profiling Identifies Widespread O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification (O-GlcNAcylation) in Oxidative Phosphorylation System Regulating Cardiac Mitochondrial Function. 26446791 0 35 theme Widespread 34:43 arg1 Modification 76:87 Widespread O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification 34:87 Widespread O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification (O-GlcNAcylation) in Oxidative Phosphorylation System Regulating Cardiac Mitochondrial Function 34:183 O-GlcNAcomic Profiling Identifies Widespread O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification (O-GlcNAcylation) in Oxidative Phosphorylation System Regulating Cardiac Mitochondrial Function. 26446791 9 36 theme protein 1437:1443 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1445:1459 widespread and dynamic mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation 1400:1459 widespread and dynamic mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation 1400:1459 Our data reveal widespread and dynamic mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation, serving as a regulator to their function. 26446791 1 37 link O-linked 205:212 arg1 O-GlcNAc 237:244 O-GlcNAc 237:244 O-GlcNAc 237:244 Dynamic cycling of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on nucleocytoplasmic proteins serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate numerous biological processes. 26446791 1 37 link O-linked 205:212 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 214:234 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 205:234 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 205:245 Dynamic cycling of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on nucleocytoplasmic proteins serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate numerous biological processes. 26446791 8 38 theme enhanced 1313:1320 arg1 threshold 1322:1330 enhanced threshold 1313:1330 enhanced threshold for permeability transition pore opening by Ca(2+) 1313:1381 Concomitantly, TMG treatment resulted in significantly increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, ATP production rates, and enhanced threshold for permeability transition pore opening by Ca(2+). 26446791 1 39 theme nucleocytoplasmic 250:266 arg1 proteins 268:275 nucleocytoplasmic proteins 250:275 nucleocytoplasmic proteins 250:275 Dynamic cycling of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on nucleocytoplasmic proteins serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate numerous biological processes. 26446791 0 40 theme Mitochondrial 162:174 arg1 Function 176:183 Cardiac Mitochondrial Function 154:183 Cardiac Mitochondrial Function 154:183 O-GlcNAcomic Profiling Identifies Widespread O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification (O-GlcNAcylation) in Oxidative Phosphorylation System Regulating Cardiac Mitochondrial Function. 26446791 2 41 theme protein 371:377 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 379:393 mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation 357:393 mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation 357:393 However, mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation and its effects on function are largely unexplored. 26446791 3 42 theme mitochondria 541:552 arg1 proteome 505:512 proteome 505:512 proteome 505:512 In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the proteome and O-GlcNAcome of cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase. 26446791 3 42 theme mitochondria 541:552 arg1 O-GlcNAcome 518:528 O-GlcNAcome 518:528 O-GlcNAcome 518:528 In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the proteome and O-GlcNAcome of cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase. 26446791 0 43 theme β-N-Acetylglucosamine 54:74 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 90:104 O-GlcNAcylation 90:104 O-GlcNAcylation 90:104 O-GlcNAcomic Profiling Identifies Widespread O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification (O-GlcNAcylation) in Oxidative Phosphorylation System Regulating Cardiac Mitochondrial Function. 26446791 0 43 theme β-N-Acetylglucosamine 54:74 arg1 Modification 76:87 Widespread O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification 34:87 Widespread O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification (O-GlcNAcylation) in Oxidative Phosphorylation System Regulating Cardiac Mitochondrial Function 34:183 O-GlcNAcomic Profiling Identifies Widespread O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification (O-GlcNAcylation) in Oxidative Phosphorylation System Regulating Cardiac Mitochondrial Function. 26446791 5 44 theme O-GlcNAcomic 761:772 arg1 profiling 774:782 O-GlcNAcomic profiling 761:782 O-GlcNAcomic profiling 761:782 O-GlcNAcomic profiling finds that over 88 mitochondrial proteins are O-GlcNAcylated, with the oxidative phosphorylation system as a major target. 26446791 8 45 theme pore 1360:1363 arg1 opening 1365:1371 permeability transition pore opening 1336:1371 permeability transition pore opening by Ca(2+) 1336:1381 Concomitantly, TMG treatment resulted in significantly increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, ATP production rates, and enhanced threshold for permeability transition pore opening by Ca(2+). 26446791 3 46 theme O-GlcNAcome 518:528 arg1 analysis 489:496 a comparative analysis 475:496 a comparative analysis of the proteome and O-GlcNAcome of cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase 475:665 In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the proteome and O-GlcNAcome of cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase. 26446791 0 47 theme O-Linked 45:52 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 90:104 O-GlcNAcylation 90:104 O-GlcNAcylation 90:104 O-GlcNAcomic Profiling Identifies Widespread O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification (O-GlcNAcylation) in Oxidative Phosphorylation System Regulating Cardiac Mitochondrial Function. 26446791 0 47 theme O-Linked 45:52 arg1 Modification 76:87 Widespread O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification 34:87 Widespread O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification (O-GlcNAcylation) in Oxidative Phosphorylation System Regulating Cardiac Mitochondrial Function 34:183 O-GlcNAcomic Profiling Identifies Widespread O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification (O-GlcNAcylation) in Oxidative Phosphorylation System Regulating Cardiac Mitochondrial Function. 26446791 6 48 theme protein 1013:1019 arg1 abundance 1021:1029 altered protein abundance 1005:1029 altered protein abundance 1005:1029 Moreover, in comparison with controls, cardiac mitochondria from TMG-treated rats did not exhibit altered protein abundance but showed overall elevated O-GlcNAcylation of many proteins. 26446791 7 49 theme certain 1146:1152 arg1 sites 1154:1158 certain sites 1146:1158 certain sites of specific proteins 1146:1179 However, O-GlcNAc was unexpectedly down-regulated at certain sites of specific proteins. 26446791 7 49 theme certain 1146:1152 arg1 proteins 1172:1179 specific proteins 1163:1179 specific proteins 1163:1179 However, O-GlcNAc was unexpectedly down-regulated at certain sites of specific proteins. 26446791 3 50 theme specific 633:640 arg1 thiamet-G 603:611 thiamet-G 603:611 thiamet-G (TMG) 603:617 In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the proteome and O-GlcNAcome of cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase. 26446791 3 50 theme specific 633:640 arg1 inhibitor 642:650 a potent and specific inhibitor 620:650 a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase 620:665 In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the proteome and O-GlcNAcome of cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase. 26446791 3 51 from O-GlcNAcome 518:528 arg1 rats 559:562 rats 559:562 rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase 559:665 In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the proteome and O-GlcNAcome of cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase. 26446791 8 52 theme production 1291:1300 arg1 rates 1302:1306 ATP production rates 1287:1306 ATP production rates 1287:1306 Concomitantly, TMG treatment resulted in significantly increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, ATP production rates, and enhanced threshold for permeability transition pore opening by Ca(2+). 26446791 6 53 theme altered 1005:1011 arg1 abundance 1021:1029 altered protein abundance 1005:1029 altered protein abundance 1005:1029 Moreover, in comparison with controls, cardiac mitochondria from TMG-treated rats did not exhibit altered protein abundance but showed overall elevated O-GlcNAcylation of many proteins. 26446791 8 54 theme TMG 1197:1199 arg1 treatment 1201:1209 TMG treatment 1197:1209 TMG treatment 1197:1209 Concomitantly, TMG treatment resulted in significantly increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, ATP production rates, and enhanced threshold for permeability transition pore opening by Ca(2+). 26446791 3 55 dep proteome 505:512 arg1 the 501:503 the 501:503 the 501:503 In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the proteome and O-GlcNAcome of cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase. 26446791 5 56 theme oxidative 855:863 arg1 system 881:886 the oxidative phosphorylation system 851:886 the oxidative phosphorylation system as a major target 851:904 O-GlcNAcomic profiling finds that over 88 mitochondrial proteins are O-GlcNAcylated, with the oxidative phosphorylation system as a major target. 26446791 3 57 theme potent 622:627 arg1 thiamet-G 603:611 thiamet-G 603:611 thiamet-G (TMG) 603:617 In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the proteome and O-GlcNAcome of cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase. 26446791 3 57 theme potent 622:627 arg1 inhibitor 642:650 a potent and specific inhibitor 620:650 a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase 620:665 In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the proteome and O-GlcNAcome of cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase. 26446791 8 58 theme oxygen 1261:1266 arg1 rates 1280:1284 significantly increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates 1223:1284 significantly increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates 1223:1284 Concomitantly, TMG treatment resulted in significantly increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, ATP production rates, and enhanced threshold for permeability transition pore opening by Ca(2+). 26446791 3 59 theme O-GlcNAcase 655:665 arg1 thiamet-G 603:611 thiamet-G 603:611 thiamet-G (TMG) 603:617 In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the proteome and O-GlcNAcome of cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase. 26446791 3 59 theme O-GlcNAcase 655:665 arg1 inhibitor 642:650 a potent and specific inhibitor 620:650 a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase 620:665 In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the proteome and O-GlcNAcome of cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase. 26446791 9 60 theme widespread 1400:1409 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1445:1459 widespread and dynamic mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation 1400:1459 widespread and dynamic mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation 1400:1459 Our data reveal widespread and dynamic mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation, serving as a regulator to their function. 26446791 5 61 with O-GlcNAcylated 830:843 arg1 system 881:886 the oxidative phosphorylation system 851:886 the oxidative phosphorylation system as a major target 851:904 O-GlcNAcomic profiling finds that over 88 mitochondrial proteins are O-GlcNAcylated, with the oxidative phosphorylation system as a major target. 26446791 1 62 theme Dynamic 186:192 arg1 sensor 298:303 a nutrient sensor 287:303 a nutrient sensor to regulate numerous biological processes 287:345 Dynamic cycling of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on nucleocytoplasmic proteins serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate numerous biological processes. 26446791 1 62 theme Dynamic 186:192 arg1 cycling 194:200 Dynamic cycling 186:200 Dynamic cycling of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on nucleocytoplasmic proteins 186:275 Dynamic cycling of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on nucleocytoplasmic proteins serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate numerous biological processes. 26446791 1 63 theme nutrient 289:296 arg1 sensor 298:303 a nutrient sensor 287:303 a nutrient sensor to regulate numerous biological processes 287:345 Dynamic cycling of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on nucleocytoplasmic proteins serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate numerous biological processes. 26446791 1 63 theme nutrient 289:296 arg1 cycling 194:200 Dynamic cycling 186:200 Dynamic cycling of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on nucleocytoplasmic proteins 186:275 Dynamic cycling of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on nucleocytoplasmic proteins serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate numerous biological processes. 26446791 5 64 theme mitochondrial 803:815 arg1 proteins 817:824 over 88 mitochondrial proteins 795:824 over 88 mitochondrial proteins 795:824 O-GlcNAcomic profiling finds that over 88 mitochondrial proteins are O-GlcNAcylated, with the oxidative phosphorylation system as a major target. 26446791 9 65 theme dynamic 1415:1421 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1445:1459 widespread and dynamic mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation 1400:1459 widespread and dynamic mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation 1400:1459 Our data reveal widespread and dynamic mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation, serving as a regulator to their function. 26446791 3 66 theme cardiac 533:539 arg1 mitochondria 541:552 cardiac mitochondria 533:552 cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase 533:665 In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the proteome and O-GlcNAcome of cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase. 26446791 8 67 theme permeability 1336:1347 arg1 opening 1365:1371 permeability transition pore opening 1336:1371 permeability transition pore opening by Ca(2+) 1336:1381 Concomitantly, TMG treatment resulted in significantly increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, ATP production rates, and enhanced threshold for permeability transition pore opening by Ca(2+). 26446791 3 68 from proteome 505:512 arg1 rats 559:562 rats 559:562 rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase 559:665 In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the proteome and O-GlcNAcome of cardiac mitochondria from rats acutely (12 h) treated without or with thiamet-G (TMG), a potent and specific inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase. 26446791 8 69 theme transition 1349:1358 arg1 opening 1365:1371 permeability transition pore opening 1336:1371 permeability transition pore opening by Ca(2+) 1336:1381 Concomitantly, TMG treatment resulted in significantly increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, ATP production rates, and enhanced threshold for permeability transition pore opening by Ca(2+). 26446791 2 70 from O-GlcNAcylation 379:393 arg1 function 414:421 function 414:421 function 414:421 However, mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation and its effects on function are largely unexplored. 26446791 6 71 theme proteins 1083:1090 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1059:1073 overall elevated O-GlcNAcylation 1042:1073 overall elevated O-GlcNAcylation of many proteins 1042:1090 Moreover, in comparison with controls, cardiac mitochondria from TMG-treated rats did not exhibit altered protein abundance but showed overall elevated O-GlcNAcylation of many proteins. 24451986 2 0 theme oocyte 566:571 arg1 competence 587:596 oocyte developmental competence 566:596 oocyte developmental competence 566:596 We have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling is perturbed in mouse COCs undergoing IVM when matured with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or EGF, but supplementation of IVM with EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin improves oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 3 1 theme COC 661:663 arg1 metabolism 665:674 COC metabolism 661:674 COC metabolism 661:674 Here we aimed to determine whether EGF-like peptides regulate COC metabolism. 24451986 1 2 theme complexes 239:247 arg1 maturation 210:219 the maturation 206:219 the maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that are then capable of normal development 206:298 Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is an assisted reproductive technology that involves the maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that are then capable of normal development. 24451986 9 3 theme HBP 1811:1813 arg1 activity 1815:1822 greater HBP activity 1803:1822 greater HBP activity 1803:1822 Our findings suggest that 1) EGF-like peptides, particularly epiregulin, induce more oocyte mitochondrial activity than EGF or FSH and 2) EGF-like peptides and EGF induce greater HBP activity, enabling more hyaluronic acid synthesis and protein beta-O-linked glycosylation. 24451986 7 4 from differences 1205:1215 arg1 consumption 1228:1238 glucose consumption 1220:1238 glucose consumption 1220:1238 There were no differences in glucose consumption, lactate production, or glycolysis between COCs matured with FSH, EGF, and EGF-like peptides. 24451986 7 4 from differences 1205:1215 arg1 production 1249:1258 lactate production 1241:1258 lactate production 1241:1258 There were no differences in glucose consumption, lactate production, or glycolysis between COCs matured with FSH, EGF, and EGF-like peptides. 24451986 7 4 from differences 1205:1215 arg1 glycolysis 1264:1273 glycolysis 1264:1273 glycolysis 1264:1273 There were no differences in glucose consumption, lactate production, or glycolysis between COCs matured with FSH, EGF, and EGF-like peptides. 24451986 9 5 theme more 1834:1837 arg1 acid 1850:1853 more hyaluronic acid 1834:1853 more hyaluronic acid synthesis 1834:1863 Our findings suggest that 1) EGF-like peptides, particularly epiregulin, induce more oocyte mitochondrial activity than EGF or FSH and 2) EGF-like peptides and EGF induce greater HBP activity, enabling more hyaluronic acid synthesis and protein beta-O-linked glycosylation. 24451986 5 6 theme flavin 847:852 arg1 FAD 876:878 FAD 876:878 FAD 876:878 Epiregulin significantly increased intraoocyte flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and REDOX (reduction and oxidation) ratio compared to FSH and control. 24451986 5 6 theme flavin 847:852 arg1 dinucleotide 862:873 intraoocyte flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and REDOX (reduction and oxidation) ratio 835:921 dinucleotide 862:873 Epiregulin significantly increased intraoocyte flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and REDOX (reduction and oxidation) ratio compared to FSH and control. 24451986 2 7 theme IVM 503:505 arg1 supplementation 484:498 supplementation 484:498 supplementation of IVM with EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin 484:555 We have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling is perturbed in mouse COCs undergoing IVM when matured with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or EGF, but supplementation of IVM with EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin improves oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 7 8 theme EGF-like 1315:1322 arg1 peptides 1324:1331 EGF-like peptides 1315:1331 EGF-like peptides 1315:1331 There were no differences in glucose consumption, lactate production, or glycolysis between COCs matured with FSH, EGF, and EGF-like peptides. 24451986 9 9 theme acid 1850:1853 arg1 synthesis 1855:1863 more hyaluronic acid synthesis 1834:1863 more hyaluronic acid synthesis 1834:1863 Our findings suggest that 1) EGF-like peptides, particularly epiregulin, induce more oocyte mitochondrial activity than EGF or FSH and 2) EGF-like peptides and EGF induce greater HBP activity, enabling more hyaluronic acid synthesis and protein beta-O-linked glycosylation. 24451986 0 10 theme cumulus 105:111 arg1 cells 113:117 cumulus cells 105:117 cumulus cells 105:117 Effect of epidermal growth factor-like peptides on the metabolism of in vitro- matured mouse oocytes and cumulus cells. 24451986 1 11 theme reproductive 168:179 arg1 maturation 136:145 Oocyte in vitro maturation 120:145 Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) 120:151 Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is an assisted reproductive technology that involves the maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that are then capable of normal development. 24451986 1 11 theme reproductive 168:179 arg1 technology 181:190 an assisted reproductive technology 156:190 an assisted reproductive technology that involves the maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that are then capable of normal development 156:298 Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is an assisted reproductive technology that involves the maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that are then capable of normal development. 24451986 8 12 theme EGF-like 1359:1366 arg1 peptides 1368:1375 EGF-like peptides 1359:1375 EGF-like peptides 1359:1375 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 6 13 theme mitochondrial 1167:1179 arg1 activity 1181:1188 greater mitochondrial activity 1159:1188 greater mitochondrial activity 1159:1188 Amphiregulin and epiregulin significantly increased the proportion of J aggregates (from JC-1) in oocyte mitochondria compared to control, FSH, or EGF, and this coupled with FAD and REDOX measures indicates greater mitochondrial activity. 24451986 0 14 from metabolism 55:64 arg1 oocytes 93:99 vitro- matured mouse oocytes 72:99 vitro- matured mouse oocytes 72:99 Effect of epidermal growth factor-like peptides on the metabolism of in vitro- matured mouse oocytes and cumulus cells. 24451986 0 14 from metabolism 55:64 arg1 cells 113:117 cumulus cells 105:117 cumulus cells 105:117 Effect of epidermal growth factor-like peptides on the metabolism of in vitro- matured mouse oocytes and cumulus cells. 24451986 8 15 link beta-O-linked 1530:1542 arg1 glycosylation 1544:1556 global beta-O-linked glycosylation 1523:1556 global beta-O-linked glycosylation 1523:1556 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 9 16 theme beta-O-linked 1877:1889 arg1 glycosylation 1891:1903 protein beta-O-linked glycosylation 1869:1903 protein beta-O-linked glycosylation 1869:1903 Our findings suggest that 1) EGF-like peptides, particularly epiregulin, induce more oocyte mitochondrial activity than EGF or FSH and 2) EGF-like peptides and EGF induce greater HBP activity, enabling more hyaluronic acid synthesis and protein beta-O-linked glycosylation. 24451986 4 17 theme mouse 693:697 arg1 COCs 699:702 Immature 129/Sv mouse COCs 677:702 Immature 129/Sv mouse COCs 677:702 Immature 129/Sv mouse COCs underwent IVM with FSH, EGF, amphiregulin, epiregulin, betacellulin, or no treatment (control). 24451986 10 18 theme metabolic 1912:1920 arg1 mechanism 1943:1951 a mechanism 1941:1951 a mechanism by which EGF-like peptides increase oocyte developmental competence 1941:2019 These metabolic alterations may be a mechanism by which EGF-like peptides increase oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 10 18 theme metabolic 1912:1920 arg1 alterations 1922:1932 These metabolic alterations 1906:1932 These metabolic alterations 1906:1932 These metabolic alterations may be a mechanism by which EGF-like peptides increase oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 9 19 link beta-O-linked 1877:1889 arg1 glycosylation 1891:1903 protein beta-O-linked glycosylation 1869:1903 protein beta-O-linked glycosylation 1869:1903 Our findings suggest that 1) EGF-like peptides, particularly epiregulin, induce more oocyte mitochondrial activity than EGF or FSH and 2) EGF-like peptides and EGF induce greater HBP activity, enabling more hyaluronic acid synthesis and protein beta-O-linked glycosylation. 24451986 2 20 theme EGF-like 512:519 arg1 peptides 521:528 EGF-like peptides 512:528 EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin 512:555 We have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling is perturbed in mouse COCs undergoing IVM when matured with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or EGF, but supplementation of IVM with EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin improves oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 2 20 theme EGF-like 512:519 arg1 epiregulin 546:555 epiregulin 546:555 epiregulin 546:555 We have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling is perturbed in mouse COCs undergoing IVM when matured with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or EGF, but supplementation of IVM with EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin improves oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 2 20 theme EGF-like 512:519 arg1 amphiregulin 530:541 amphiregulin 530:541 amphiregulin 530:541 We have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling is perturbed in mouse COCs undergoing IVM when matured with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or EGF, but supplementation of IVM with EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin improves oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 8 21 theme higher 1401:1406 arg1 expression 1413:1422 significantly higher mRNA expression 1387:1422 significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins 1387:1568 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 6 22 theme REDOX 1134:1138 arg1 measures 1140:1147 REDOX measures 1134:1147 REDOX measures 1134:1147 Amphiregulin and epiregulin significantly increased the proportion of J aggregates (from JC-1) in oocyte mitochondria compared to control, FSH, or EGF, and this coupled with FAD and REDOX measures indicates greater mitochondrial activity. 24451986 5 23 dep ratio 917:921 arg1 oxidation 906:914 oxidation 906:914 oxidation 906:914 Epiregulin significantly increased intraoocyte flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and REDOX (reduction and oxidation) ratio compared to FSH and control. 24451986 5 23 dep ratio 917:921 arg1 reduction 892:900 reduction 892:900 reduction 892:900 Epiregulin significantly increased intraoocyte flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and REDOX (reduction and oxidation) ratio compared to FSH and control. 24451986 9 24 dep induce 1705:1710 arg1 1 1658:1658 1 1658:1658 1 1658:1658 Our findings suggest that 1) EGF-like peptides, particularly epiregulin, induce more oocyte mitochondrial activity than EGF or FSH and 2) EGF-like peptides and EGF induce greater HBP activity, enabling more hyaluronic acid synthesis and protein beta-O-linked glycosylation. 24451986 1 25 theme Oocyte 120:125 arg1 technology 181:190 an assisted reproductive technology 156:190 an assisted reproductive technology that involves the maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that are then capable of normal development 156:298 Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is an assisted reproductive technology that involves the maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that are then capable of normal development. 24451986 1 25 theme Oocyte 120:125 arg1 IVM 148:150 IVM 148:150 IVM 148:150 Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is an assisted reproductive technology that involves the maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that are then capable of normal development. 24451986 1 25 theme Oocyte 120:125 arg1 maturation 136:145 Oocyte in vitro maturation 120:145 Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) 120:151 Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is an assisted reproductive technology that involves the maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that are then capable of normal development. 24451986 7 26 theme lactate 1241:1247 arg1 production 1249:1258 lactate production 1241:1258 lactate production 1241:1258 There were no differences in glucose consumption, lactate production, or glycolysis between COCs matured with FSH, EGF, and EGF-like peptides. 24451986 4 27 theme Immature 677:684 arg1 COCs 699:702 Immature 129/Sv mouse COCs 677:702 Immature 129/Sv mouse COCs 677:702 Immature 129/Sv mouse COCs underwent IVM with FSH, EGF, amphiregulin, epiregulin, betacellulin, or no treatment (control). 24451986 0 28 from Effect 0:5 arg1 metabolism 55:64 the metabolism 51:64 the metabolism of in vitro- matured mouse oocytes and cumulus cells 51:117 Effect of epidermal growth factor-like peptides on the metabolism of in vitro- matured mouse oocytes and cumulus cells. 24451986 10 29 theme EGF-like 1962:1969 arg1 peptides 1971:1978 EGF-like peptides 1962:1978 EGF-like peptides 1962:1978 These metabolic alterations may be a mechanism by which EGF-like peptides increase oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 0 30 theme matured 79:85 arg1 oocytes 93:99 vitro- matured mouse oocytes 72:99 vitro- matured mouse oocytes 72:99 Effect of epidermal growth factor-like peptides on the metabolism of in vitro- matured mouse oocytes and cumulus cells. 24451986 9 31 theme more 1712:1715 arg1 activity 1738:1745 more oocyte mitochondrial activity 1712:1745 more oocyte mitochondrial activity than EGF or FSH 1712:1761 Our findings suggest that 1) EGF-like peptides, particularly epiregulin, induce more oocyte mitochondrial activity than EGF or FSH and 2) EGF-like peptides and EGF induce greater HBP activity, enabling more hyaluronic acid synthesis and protein beta-O-linked glycosylation. 24451986 2 32 theme -like 349:353 arg1 signaling 363:371 epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling 320:371 epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling 320:371 We have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling is perturbed in mouse COCs undergoing IVM when matured with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or EGF, but supplementation of IVM with EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin improves oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 9 33 theme mitochondrial 1724:1736 arg1 activity 1738:1745 more oocyte mitochondrial activity 1712:1745 more oocyte mitochondrial activity than EGF or FSH 1712:1761 Our findings suggest that 1) EGF-like peptides, particularly epiregulin, induce more oocyte mitochondrial activity than EGF or FSH and 2) EGF-like peptides and EGF induce greater HBP activity, enabling more hyaluronic acid synthesis and protein beta-O-linked glycosylation. 24451986 6 34 theme aggregates 1024:1033 arg1 proportion 1008:1017 the proportion 1004:1017 the proportion of J aggregates 1004:1033 Amphiregulin and epiregulin significantly increased the proportion of J aggregates (from JC-1) in oocyte mitochondria compared to control, FSH, or EGF, and this coupled with FAD and REDOX measures indicates greater mitochondrial activity. 24451986 2 35 theme mouse 389:393 arg1 COCs 395:398 mouse COCs 389:398 mouse COCs undergoing IVM 389:413 We have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling is perturbed in mouse COCs undergoing IVM when matured with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or EGF, but supplementation of IVM with EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin improves oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 8 36 theme enzyme 1483:1488 arg1 Gfpt2 1495:1499 rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2 1469:1499 rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2 1469:1499 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 1 37 dep in 127:128 arg1 vitro 130:134 vitro 130:134 vitro 130:134 Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is an assisted reproductive technology that involves the maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that are then capable of normal development. 24451986 0 38 theme epidermal 10:18 arg1 peptides 39:46 epidermal growth factor-like peptides 10:46 epidermal growth factor-like peptides 10:46 Effect of epidermal growth factor-like peptides on the metabolism of in vitro- matured mouse oocytes and cumulus cells. 24451986 1 39 theme in 127:128 arg1 technology 181:190 an assisted reproductive technology 156:190 an assisted reproductive technology that involves the maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that are then capable of normal development 156:298 Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is an assisted reproductive technology that involves the maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that are then capable of normal development. 24451986 1 39 theme in 127:128 arg1 IVM 148:150 IVM 148:150 IVM 148:150 Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is an assisted reproductive technology that involves the maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that are then capable of normal development. 24451986 1 39 theme in 127:128 arg1 maturation 136:145 Oocyte in vitro maturation 120:145 Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) 120:151 Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is an assisted reproductive technology that involves the maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that are then capable of normal development. 24451986 8 40 theme Gfpt2 1495:1499 arg1 expression 1413:1422 significantly higher mRNA expression 1387:1422 significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins 1387:1568 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 0 41 theme factor-like 27:37 arg1 peptides 39:46 epidermal growth factor-like peptides 10:46 epidermal growth factor-like peptides 10:46 Effect of epidermal growth factor-like peptides on the metabolism of in vitro- matured mouse oocytes and cumulus cells. 24451986 8 42 theme Has2 1502:1505 arg1 expression 1507:1516 Has2 expression 1502:1516 Has2 expression 1502:1516 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 1 43 theme normal 281:286 arg1 development 288:298 normal development 281:298 normal development 281:298 Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is an assisted reproductive technology that involves the maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that are then capable of normal development. 24451986 7 44 theme glucose 1220:1226 arg1 consumption 1228:1238 glucose consumption 1220:1238 glucose consumption 1220:1238 There were no differences in glucose consumption, lactate production, or glycolysis between COCs matured with FSH, EGF, and EGF-like peptides. 24451986 10 45 theme developmental 1996:2008 arg1 competence 2010:2019 oocyte developmental competence 1989:2019 oocyte developmental competence 1989:2019 These metabolic alterations may be a mechanism by which EGF-like peptides increase oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 8 46 theme global 1523:1528 arg1 glycosylation 1544:1556 global beta-O-linked glycosylation 1523:1556 global beta-O-linked glycosylation 1523:1556 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 3 47 theme EGF-like 634:641 arg1 peptides 643:650 EGF-like peptides 634:650 EGF-like peptides 634:650 Here we aimed to determine whether EGF-like peptides regulate COC metabolism. 24451986 2 48 dep -like 349:353 arg1 factor 337:342 epidermal growth factor 320:342 epidermal growth factor 320:342 We have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling is perturbed in mouse COCs undergoing IVM when matured with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or EGF, but supplementation of IVM with EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin improves oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 6 49 theme oocyte 1050:1055 arg1 mitochondria 1057:1068 oocyte mitochondria 1050:1068 oocyte mitochondria 1050:1068 Amphiregulin and epiregulin significantly increased the proportion of J aggregates (from JC-1) in oocyte mitochondria compared to control, FSH, or EGF, and this coupled with FAD and REDOX measures indicates greater mitochondrial activity. 24451986 8 50 theme glycosylation 1544:1556 arg1 expression 1413:1422 significantly higher mRNA expression 1387:1422 significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins 1387:1568 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 2 51 theme epidermal 320:328 arg1 factor 337:342 epidermal growth factor 320:342 epidermal growth factor 320:342 We have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling is perturbed in mouse COCs undergoing IVM when matured with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or EGF, but supplementation of IVM with EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin improves oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 1 52 theme cumulus-oocyte 224:237 arg1 complexes 239:247 cumulus-oocyte complexes 224:247 cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that are then capable of normal development 224:298 Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is an assisted reproductive technology that involves the maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that are then capable of normal development. 24451986 1 52 theme cumulus-oocyte 224:237 arg1 COCs 250:253 COCs 250:253 COCs 250:253 Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is an assisted reproductive technology that involves the maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that are then capable of normal development. 24451986 2 53 dep peptides 521:528 arg1 peptides 521:528 EGF-like peptides 512:528 EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin 512:555 We have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling is perturbed in mouse COCs undergoing IVM when matured with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or EGF, but supplementation of IVM with EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin improves oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 2 53 dep peptides 521:528 arg1 epiregulin 546:555 epiregulin 546:555 epiregulin 546:555 We have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling is perturbed in mouse COCs undergoing IVM when matured with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or EGF, but supplementation of IVM with EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin improves oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 2 53 dep peptides 521:528 arg1 amphiregulin 530:541 amphiregulin 530:541 amphiregulin 530:541 We have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling is perturbed in mouse COCs undergoing IVM when matured with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or EGF, but supplementation of IVM with EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin improves oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 9 54 theme greater 1803:1809 arg1 activity 1815:1822 greater HBP activity 1803:1822 greater HBP activity 1803:1822 Our findings suggest that 1) EGF-like peptides, particularly epiregulin, induce more oocyte mitochondrial activity than EGF or FSH and 2) EGF-like peptides and EGF induce greater HBP activity, enabling more hyaluronic acid synthesis and protein beta-O-linked glycosylation. 24451986 8 55 theme proteins 1561:1568 arg1 Gfpt2 1495:1499 rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2 1469:1499 rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2 1469:1499 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 8 55 theme proteins 1561:1568 arg1 expression 1507:1516 Has2 expression 1502:1516 Has2 expression 1502:1516 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 8 55 theme proteins 1561:1568 arg1 pathway 1455:1461 the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway 1427:1461 the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway 1427:1461 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 8 55 theme proteins 1561:1568 arg1 glycosylation 1544:1556 global beta-O-linked glycosylation 1523:1556 global beta-O-linked glycosylation 1523:1556 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 8 55 theme proteins 1561:1568 arg1 HBP 1464:1466 HBP 1464:1466 HBP 1464:1466 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 8 56 theme HBP 1618:1620 arg1 activity 1622:1629 greater HBP activity 1610:1629 greater HBP activity 1610:1629 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 5 57 theme intraoocyte 835:845 arg1 FAD 876:878 FAD 876:878 FAD 876:878 Epiregulin significantly increased intraoocyte flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and REDOX (reduction and oxidation) ratio compared to FSH and control. 24451986 5 57 theme intraoocyte 835:845 arg1 dinucleotide 862:873 intraoocyte flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and REDOX (reduction and oxidation) ratio 835:921 dinucleotide 862:873 Epiregulin significantly increased intraoocyte flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and REDOX (reduction and oxidation) ratio compared to FSH and control. 24451986 2 58 theme developmental 573:585 arg1 competence 587:596 oocyte developmental competence 566:596 oocyte developmental competence 566:596 We have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling is perturbed in mouse COCs undergoing IVM when matured with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or EGF, but supplementation of IVM with EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin improves oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 9 59 theme hyaluronic 1839:1848 arg1 acid 1850:1853 more hyaluronic acid 1834:1853 more hyaluronic acid synthesis 1834:1863 Our findings suggest that 1) EGF-like peptides, particularly epiregulin, induce more oocyte mitochondrial activity than EGF or FSH and 2) EGF-like peptides and EGF induce greater HBP activity, enabling more hyaluronic acid synthesis and protein beta-O-linked glycosylation. 24451986 1 60 theme assisted 159:166 arg1 maturation 136:145 Oocyte in vitro maturation 120:145 Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) 120:151 Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is an assisted reproductive technology that involves the maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that are then capable of normal development. 24451986 1 60 theme assisted 159:166 arg1 technology 181:190 an assisted reproductive technology 156:190 an assisted reproductive technology that involves the maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that are then capable of normal development 156:298 Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is an assisted reproductive technology that involves the maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that are then capable of normal development. 24451986 6 61 theme greater 1159:1165 arg1 activity 1181:1188 greater mitochondrial activity 1159:1188 greater mitochondrial activity 1159:1188 Amphiregulin and epiregulin significantly increased the proportion of J aggregates (from JC-1) in oocyte mitochondria compared to control, FSH, or EGF, and this coupled with FAD and REDOX measures indicates greater mitochondrial activity. 24451986 9 62 theme protein 1869:1875 arg1 glycosylation 1891:1903 protein beta-O-linked glycosylation 1869:1903 protein beta-O-linked glycosylation 1869:1903 Our findings suggest that 1) EGF-like peptides, particularly epiregulin, induce more oocyte mitochondrial activity than EGF or FSH and 2) EGF-like peptides and EGF induce greater HBP activity, enabling more hyaluronic acid synthesis and protein beta-O-linked glycosylation. 24451986 8 63 theme biosynthesis 1442:1453 arg1 HBP 1464:1466 HBP 1464:1466 HBP 1464:1466 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 8 63 theme biosynthesis 1442:1453 arg1 pathway 1455:1461 the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway 1427:1461 the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway 1427:1461 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 8 64 theme mRNA 1408:1411 arg1 expression 1413:1422 significantly higher mRNA expression 1387:1422 significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins 1387:1568 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 4 65 theme 129/Sv 686:691 arg1 COCs 699:702 Immature 129/Sv mouse COCs 677:702 Immature 129/Sv mouse COCs 677:702 Immature 129/Sv mouse COCs underwent IVM with FSH, EGF, amphiregulin, epiregulin, betacellulin, or no treatment (control). 24451986 5 66 theme REDOX 885:889 arg1 ratio 917:921 intraoocyte flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and REDOX (reduction and oxidation) ratio 835:921 ratio 917:921 Epiregulin significantly increased intraoocyte flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and REDOX (reduction and oxidation) ratio compared to FSH and control. 24451986 9 67 theme EGF-like 1661:1668 arg1 peptides 1670:1677 EGF-like peptides 1661:1677 EGF-like peptides 1661:1677 Our findings suggest that 1) EGF-like peptides, particularly epiregulin, induce more oocyte mitochondrial activity than EGF or FSH and 2) EGF-like peptides and EGF induce greater HBP activity, enabling more hyaluronic acid synthesis and protein beta-O-linked glycosylation. 24451986 9 67 theme EGF-like 1661:1668 arg1 epiregulin 1693:1702 epiregulin 1693:1702 epiregulin 1693:1702 Our findings suggest that 1) EGF-like peptides, particularly epiregulin, induce more oocyte mitochondrial activity than EGF or FSH and 2) EGF-like peptides and EGF induce greater HBP activity, enabling more hyaluronic acid synthesis and protein beta-O-linked glycosylation. 24451986 5 68 theme adenine 854:860 arg1 FAD 876:878 FAD 876:878 FAD 876:878 Epiregulin significantly increased intraoocyte flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and REDOX (reduction and oxidation) ratio compared to FSH and control. 24451986 5 68 theme adenine 854:860 arg1 dinucleotide 862:873 intraoocyte flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and REDOX (reduction and oxidation) ratio 835:921 dinucleotide 862:873 Epiregulin significantly increased intraoocyte flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and REDOX (reduction and oxidation) ratio compared to FSH and control. 24451986 8 69 theme hexosamine 1431:1440 arg1 HBP 1464:1466 HBP 1464:1466 HBP 1464:1466 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 8 69 theme hexosamine 1431:1440 arg1 pathway 1455:1461 the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway 1427:1461 the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway 1427:1461 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 0 70 theme vitro- 72:77 arg1 oocytes 93:99 vitro- matured mouse oocytes 72:99 vitro- matured mouse oocytes 72:99 Effect of epidermal growth factor-like peptides on the metabolism of in vitro- matured mouse oocytes and cumulus cells. 24451986 2 71 theme follicle-stimulating 433:452 arg1 FSH 463:465 FSH 463:465 FSH 463:465 We have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling is perturbed in mouse COCs undergoing IVM when matured with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or EGF, but supplementation of IVM with EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin improves oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 2 71 theme follicle-stimulating 433:452 arg1 hormone 454:460 follicle-stimulating hormone 433:460 follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 433:466 We have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling is perturbed in mouse COCs undergoing IVM when matured with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or EGF, but supplementation of IVM with EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin improves oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 8 72 theme pathway 1455:1461 arg1 expression 1413:1422 significantly higher mRNA expression 1387:1422 significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins 1387:1568 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 0 73 theme mouse 87:91 arg1 oocytes 93:99 vitro- matured mouse oocytes 72:99 vitro- matured mouse oocytes 72:99 Effect of epidermal growth factor-like peptides on the metabolism of in vitro- matured mouse oocytes and cumulus cells. 24451986 9 74 theme oocyte 1717:1722 arg1 activity 1738:1745 more oocyte mitochondrial activity 1712:1745 more oocyte mitochondrial activity than EGF or FSH 1712:1761 Our findings suggest that 1) EGF-like peptides, particularly epiregulin, induce more oocyte mitochondrial activity than EGF or FSH and 2) EGF-like peptides and EGF induce greater HBP activity, enabling more hyaluronic acid synthesis and protein beta-O-linked glycosylation. 24451986 8 75 theme rate-limiting 1469:1481 arg1 Gfpt2 1495:1499 rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2 1469:1499 rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2 1469:1499 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 8 76 theme gene 1490:1493 arg1 Gfpt2 1495:1499 rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2 1469:1499 rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2 1469:1499 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 0 77 theme growth 20:25 arg1 peptides 39:46 epidermal growth factor-like peptides 10:46 epidermal growth factor-like peptides 10:46 Effect of epidermal growth factor-like peptides on the metabolism of in vitro- matured mouse oocytes and cumulus cells. 24451986 9 78 dep induce 1796:1801 arg1 2 1767:1767 2 1767:1767 2 1767:1767 Our findings suggest that 1) EGF-like peptides, particularly epiregulin, induce more oocyte mitochondrial activity than EGF or FSH and 2) EGF-like peptides and EGF induce greater HBP activity, enabling more hyaluronic acid synthesis and protein beta-O-linked glycosylation. 24451986 6 79 theme J 1022:1022 arg1 aggregates 1024:1033 J aggregates 1022:1033 J aggregates 1022:1033 Amphiregulin and epiregulin significantly increased the proportion of J aggregates (from JC-1) in oocyte mitochondria compared to control, FSH, or EGF, and this coupled with FAD and REDOX measures indicates greater mitochondrial activity. 24451986 0 80 theme peptides 39:46 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of epidermal growth factor-like peptides on the metabolism of in vitro- matured mouse oocytes and cumulus cells. 0:118 Effect of epidermal growth factor-like peptides on the metabolism of in vitro- matured mouse oocytes and cumulus cells. 24451986 8 81 theme expression 1507:1516 arg1 expression 1413:1422 significantly higher mRNA expression 1387:1422 significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins 1387:1568 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 2 82 theme peptide 355:361 arg1 signaling 363:371 epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling 320:371 epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling 320:371 We have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling is perturbed in mouse COCs undergoing IVM when matured with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or EGF, but supplementation of IVM with EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin improves oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 8 83 gly glycosylation 1544:1556 arg1 proteins 1561:1568 proteins 1561:1568 proteins 1561:1568 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 2 84 with supplementation 484:498 arg1 peptides 521:528 EGF-like peptides 512:528 EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin 512:555 We have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling is perturbed in mouse COCs undergoing IVM when matured with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or EGF, but supplementation of IVM with EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin improves oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 2 84 with supplementation 484:498 arg1 epiregulin 546:555 epiregulin 546:555 epiregulin 546:555 We have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling is perturbed in mouse COCs undergoing IVM when matured with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or EGF, but supplementation of IVM with EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin improves oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 2 84 with supplementation 484:498 arg1 amphiregulin 530:541 amphiregulin 530:541 amphiregulin 530:541 We have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling is perturbed in mouse COCs undergoing IVM when matured with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or EGF, but supplementation of IVM with EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin improves oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 1 85 theme development 288:298 arg1 capable 270:276 capable 270:276 capable 270:276 Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is an assisted reproductive technology that involves the maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that are then capable of normal development. 24451986 9 86 theme EGF-like 1770:1777 arg1 peptides 1779:1786 EGF-like peptides 1770:1786 EGF-like peptides 1770:1786 Our findings suggest that 1) EGF-like peptides, particularly epiregulin, induce more oocyte mitochondrial activity than EGF or FSH and 2) EGF-like peptides and EGF induce greater HBP activity, enabling more hyaluronic acid synthesis and protein beta-O-linked glycosylation. 24451986 8 87 theme beta-O-linked 1530:1542 arg1 glycosylation 1544:1556 global beta-O-linked glycosylation 1523:1556 global beta-O-linked glycosylation 1523:1556 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 24451986 10 88 theme oocyte 1989:1994 arg1 competence 2010:2019 oocyte developmental competence 1989:2019 oocyte developmental competence 1989:2019 These metabolic alterations may be a mechanism by which EGF-like peptides increase oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 2 89 theme growth 330:335 arg1 factor 337:342 epidermal growth factor 320:342 epidermal growth factor 320:342 We have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signaling is perturbed in mouse COCs undergoing IVM when matured with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or EGF, but supplementation of IVM with EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin improves oocyte developmental competence. 24451986 8 90 theme greater 1610:1616 arg1 activity 1622:1629 greater HBP activity 1610:1629 greater HBP activity 1610:1629 COCs matured with EGF or EGF-like peptides exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme gene Gfpt2, Has2 expression, and global beta-O-linked glycosylation of proteins, compared to control or FSH, suggesting greater HBP activity. 27722659 6 0 theme high 1303:1306 arg1 rates 1314:1318 high shear rates 1303:1318 high shear rates 1303:1318 Steady-shear measurements indicated that for dilute solutions, there was a slightly shear-thinning behavior at low shear rates, and high concentration solutions presented an apparent shear-thinning behavior at high shear rates. 27722659 1 1 dep [Emim 291:295 arg1 [OAc 297:300 [OAc 297:300 [OAc 297:300 This study compared the solubility of starch (G50) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]), at different temperatures. 27722659 4 2 theme [OAc 811:814 arg1 [OAc 829:832 G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc] 779:833 G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc] 779:833 The polysaccharide-[Emim][OAc] solutions displayed viscosity in the order of G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc], which led to speculation that the molecular chain of G50 and MCC existed concordantly in [Emim][OAc]. 27722659 6 3 theme shear 1208:1212 arg1 rates 1214:1218 low shear rates 1204:1218 low shear rates 1204:1218 Steady-shear measurements indicated that for dilute solutions, there was a slightly shear-thinning behavior at low shear rates, and high concentration solutions presented an apparent shear-thinning behavior at high shear rates. 27722659 1 4 theme starch 179:184 arg1 solubility 165:174 the solubility 161:174 the solubility of starch (G50) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]), 161:303 This study compared the solubility of starch (G50) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]), at different temperatures. 27722659 6 5 attach presented 1254:1262 arg2 solutions 1244:1252 high concentration solutions 1225:1252 high concentration solutions 1225:1252 Steady-shear measurements indicated that for dilute solutions, there was a slightly shear-thinning behavior at low shear rates, and high concentration solutions presented an apparent shear-thinning behavior at high shear rates. 27722659 6 5 attach presented 1254:1262 arg1 rates 1314:1318 high shear rates 1303:1318 high shear rates 1303:1318 Steady-shear measurements indicated that for dilute solutions, there was a slightly shear-thinning behavior at low shear rates, and high concentration solutions presented an apparent shear-thinning behavior at high shear rates. 27722659 7 6 theme desired 1504:1510 arg1 structure 1512:1520 the desired structure 1500:1520 the desired structure 1500:1520 These characteristics also reflect the different conformation of polysaccharide chains in the solution, which guides the processing of polysaccharide materials and composites for the desired structure and properties. 27722659 3 7 theme hydrogen 654:661 arg1 network 671:677 the hydrogen bonding network 650:677 the hydrogen bonding network of the polysaccharide 650:699 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed a similar dissolution mechanism for starch and MCC, which was related to the formation of hydrogen bonds between polysaccharide hydroxyls and acetic anions, causing the breakage of the hydrogen bonding network of the polysaccharide. 27722659 1 8 theme different 308:316 arg1 temperatures 318:329 different temperatures 308:329 different temperatures 308:329 This study compared the solubility of starch (G50) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]), at different temperatures. 27722659 1 9 from starch 179:184 arg1 IL 249:250 IL 249:250 IL 249:250 This study compared the solubility of starch (G50) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]), at different temperatures. 27722659 1 9 from starch 179:184 arg1 liquid 241:246 liquid 241:246 liquid 241:246 This study compared the solubility of starch (G50) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]), at different temperatures. 27722659 6 10 theme low 1204:1206 arg1 rates 1214:1218 low shear rates 1204:1218 low shear rates 1204:1218 Steady-shear measurements indicated that for dilute solutions, there was a slightly shear-thinning behavior at low shear rates, and high concentration solutions presented an apparent shear-thinning behavior at high shear rates. 27722659 0 11 theme rheological 117:127 arg1 properties 129:138 solution rheological properties 108:138 solution rheological properties 108:138 Solubility of starch and microcrystalline cellulose in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquid and solution rheological properties. 27722659 0 12 from Solubility 0:9 arg1 acetate 83:89 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate 55:89 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate 55:89 Solubility of starch and microcrystalline cellulose in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquid and solution rheological properties. 27722659 4 13 theme < 817:817 arg1 [OAc 829:832 G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc] 779:833 G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc] 779:833 The polysaccharide-[Emim][OAc] solutions displayed viscosity in the order of G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc], which led to speculation that the molecular chain of G50 and MCC existed concordantly in [Emim][OAc]. 27722659 4 14 theme [OAc 727:730 arg1 solutions 733:741 The polysaccharide-[Emim][OAc] solutions 702:741 The polysaccharide-[Emim][OAc] solutions 702:741 The polysaccharide-[Emim][OAc] solutions displayed viscosity in the order of G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc], which led to speculation that the molecular chain of G50 and MCC existed concordantly in [Emim][OAc]. 27722659 7 15 from conformation 1370:1381 arg1 solution 1415:1422 the solution 1411:1422 the solution 1411:1422 These characteristics also reflect the different conformation of polysaccharide chains in the solution, which guides the processing of polysaccharide materials and composites for the desired structure and properties. 27722659 4 16 theme G50 889:891 arg1 chain 880:884 the molecular chain 866:884 the molecular chain of G50 and MCC 866:899 The polysaccharide-[Emim][OAc] solutions displayed viscosity in the order of G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc], which led to speculation that the molecular chain of G50 and MCC existed concordantly in [Emim][OAc]. 27722659 0 17 theme solution 108:115 arg1 properties 129:138 solution rheological properties 108:138 solution rheological properties 108:138 Solubility of starch and microcrystalline cellulose in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquid and solution rheological properties. 27722659 7 18 theme chains 1401:1406 arg1 conformation 1370:1381 the different conformation 1356:1381 the different conformation of polysaccharide chains in the solution, which guides the processing of polysaccharide materials and composites for the desired structure and properties 1356:1535 These characteristics also reflect the different conformation of polysaccharide chains in the solution, which guides the processing of polysaccharide materials and composites for the desired structure and properties. 27722659 6 19 theme shear-thinning 1177:1190 arg1 behavior 1192:1199 a slightly shear-thinning behavior 1166:1199 a slightly shear-thinning behavior 1166:1199 Steady-shear measurements indicated that for dilute solutions, there was a slightly shear-thinning behavior at low shear rates, and high concentration solutions presented an apparent shear-thinning behavior at high shear rates. 27722659 1 20 from solubility 165:174 arg1 IL 249:250 IL 249:250 IL 249:250 This study compared the solubility of starch (G50) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]), at different temperatures. 27722659 1 20 from solubility 165:174 arg1 liquid 241:246 liquid 241:246 liquid 241:246 This study compared the solubility of starch (G50) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]), at different temperatures. 27722659 4 21 theme molecular 870:878 arg1 chain 880:884 the molecular chain 866:884 the molecular chain of G50 and MCC 866:899 The polysaccharide-[Emim][OAc] solutions displayed viscosity in the order of G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc], which led to speculation that the molecular chain of G50 and MCC existed concordantly in [Emim][OAc]. 27722659 3 22 theme bonding 663:669 arg1 network 671:677 the hydrogen bonding network 650:677 the hydrogen bonding network of the polysaccharide 650:699 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed a similar dissolution mechanism for starch and MCC, which was related to the formation of hydrogen bonds between polysaccharide hydroxyls and acetic anions, causing the breakage of the hydrogen bonding network of the polysaccharide. 27722659 4 23 theme [OAc 789:792 arg1 [OAc 829:832 G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc] 779:833 G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc] 779:833 The polysaccharide-[Emim][OAc] solutions displayed viscosity in the order of G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc], which led to speculation that the molecular chain of G50 and MCC existed concordantly in [Emim][OAc]. 27722659 6 24 theme apparent 1267:1274 arg1 behavior 1291:1298 an apparent shear-thinning behavior 1264:1298 an apparent shear-thinning behavior 1264:1298 Steady-shear measurements indicated that for dilute solutions, there was a slightly shear-thinning behavior at low shear rates, and high concentration solutions presented an apparent shear-thinning behavior at high shear rates. 27722659 3 25 theme network 671:677 arg1 breakage 638:645 the breakage 634:645 the breakage of the hydrogen bonding network of the polysaccharide 634:699 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed a similar dissolution mechanism for starch and MCC, which was related to the formation of hydrogen bonds between polysaccharide hydroxyls and acetic anions, causing the breakage of the hydrogen bonding network of the polysaccharide. 27722659 4 26 theme G50/MCC-[Emim 797:809 arg1 [OAc 829:832 G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc] 779:833 G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc] 779:833 The polysaccharide-[Emim][OAc] solutions displayed viscosity in the order of G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc], which led to speculation that the molecular chain of G50 and MCC existed concordantly in [Emim][OAc]. 27722659 4 27 theme MCC-[Emim 819:827 arg1 [OAc 829:832 G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc] 779:833 G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc] 779:833 The polysaccharide-[Emim][OAc] solutions displayed viscosity in the order of G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc], which led to speculation that the molecular chain of G50 and MCC existed concordantly in [Emim][OAc]. 27722659 1 28 theme 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium 254:280 arg1 [Emim 291:295 [Emim 291:295 [Emim 291:295 This study compared the solubility of starch (G50) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]), at different temperatures. 27722659 1 28 theme 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium 254:280 arg1 starch 179:184 starch (G50) 179:190 starch (G50) 179:190 This study compared the solubility of starch (G50) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]), at different temperatures. 27722659 1 28 theme 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium 254:280 arg1 acetate 282:288 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate 254:288 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]) 254:302 This study compared the solubility of starch (G50) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]), at different temperatures. 27722659 4 29 theme < 795:795 arg1 [OAc 829:832 G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc] 779:833 G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc] 779:833 The polysaccharide-[Emim][OAc] solutions displayed viscosity in the order of G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc], which led to speculation that the molecular chain of G50 and MCC existed concordantly in [Emim][OAc]. 27722659 2 30 theme WAXS 346:349 arg1 analysis 351:358 WAXS analysis 346:358 WAXS analysis 346:358 From SAXS and WAXS analysis, polysaccharides could be totally dissolved in [Emim][OAc]. 27722659 5 31 theme tuned 1076:1080 arg1 behaviors 1082:1090 intermediate and tuned behaviors 1059:1090 intermediate and tuned behaviors 1059:1090 The intrinsic viscosity study showed that G50 was much less temperature-sensitive than MCC, and G50/MCC solutions showed intermediate and tuned behaviors. 27722659 4 32 theme polysaccharide-[Emim 706:725 arg1 solutions 733:741 The polysaccharide-[Emim][OAc] solutions 702:741 The polysaccharide-[Emim][OAc] solutions 702:741 The polysaccharide-[Emim][OAc] solutions displayed viscosity in the order of G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc], which led to speculation that the molecular chain of G50 and MCC existed concordantly in [Emim][OAc]. 27722659 1 33 theme cellulose 213:221 arg1 solubility 165:174 the solubility 161:174 the solubility of starch (G50) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]), 161:303 This study compared the solubility of starch (G50) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]), at different temperatures. 27722659 0 34 theme starch 14:19 arg1 Solubility 0:9 Solubility 0:9 Solubility of starch and microcrystalline cellulose in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate 0:89 Solubility of starch and microcrystalline cellulose in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquid and solution rheological properties. 27722659 3 35 theme polysaccharide 686:699 arg1 network 671:677 the hydrogen bonding network 650:677 the hydrogen bonding network of the polysaccharide 650:699 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed a similar dissolution mechanism for starch and MCC, which was related to the formation of hydrogen bonds between polysaccharide hydroxyls and acetic anions, causing the breakage of the hydrogen bonding network of the polysaccharide. 27722659 6 36 theme Steady-shear 1093:1104 arg1 measurements 1106:1117 Steady-shear measurements 1093:1117 Steady-shear measurements 1093:1117 Steady-shear measurements indicated that for dilute solutions, there was a slightly shear-thinning behavior at low shear rates, and high concentration solutions presented an apparent shear-thinning behavior at high shear rates. 27722659 3 37 theme infrared 438:445 arg1 spectra 454:460 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra 420:460 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra 420:460 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed a similar dissolution mechanism for starch and MCC, which was related to the formation of hydrogen bonds between polysaccharide hydroxyls and acetic anions, causing the breakage of the hydrogen bonding network of the polysaccharide. 27722659 0 38 theme cellulose 42:50 arg1 Solubility 0:9 Solubility 0:9 Solubility of starch and microcrystalline cellulose in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate 0:89 Solubility of starch and microcrystalline cellulose in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquid and solution rheological properties. 27722659 6 39 theme concentration 1230:1242 arg1 solutions 1244:1252 high concentration solutions 1225:1252 high concentration solutions 1225:1252 Steady-shear measurements indicated that for dilute solutions, there was a slightly shear-thinning behavior at low shear rates, and high concentration solutions presented an apparent shear-thinning behavior at high shear rates. 27722659 3 40 theme acetic 611:616 arg1 anions 618:623 acetic anions 611:623 acetic anions 611:623 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed a similar dissolution mechanism for starch and MCC, which was related to the formation of hydrogen bonds between polysaccharide hydroxyls and acetic anions, causing the breakage of the hydrogen bonding network of the polysaccharide. 27722659 1 41 theme microcrystalline 196:211 arg1 cellulose 213:221 microcrystalline cellulose 196:221 microcrystalline cellulose 196:221 This study compared the solubility of starch (G50) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]), at different temperatures. 27722659 0 42 theme microcrystalline 25:40 arg1 cellulose 42:50 microcrystalline cellulose 25:50 microcrystalline cellulose 25:50 Solubility of starch and microcrystalline cellulose in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquid and solution rheological properties. 27722659 5 43 theme G50/MCC 1034:1040 arg1 solutions 1042:1050 G50/MCC solutions 1034:1050 G50/MCC solutions 1034:1050 The intrinsic viscosity study showed that G50 was much less temperature-sensitive than MCC, and G50/MCC solutions showed intermediate and tuned behaviors. 27722659 4 44 theme MCC 897:899 arg1 chain 880:884 the molecular chain 866:884 the molecular chain of G50 and MCC 866:899 The polysaccharide-[Emim][OAc] solutions displayed viscosity in the order of G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc], which led to speculation that the molecular chain of G50 and MCC existed concordantly in [Emim][OAc]. 27722659 3 45 theme polysaccharide 582:595 arg1 hydroxyls 597:605 polysaccharide hydroxyls 582:605 polysaccharide hydroxyls 582:605 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed a similar dissolution mechanism for starch and MCC, which was related to the formation of hydrogen bonds between polysaccharide hydroxyls and acetic anions, causing the breakage of the hydrogen bonding network of the polysaccharide. 27722659 7 46 theme polysaccharide 1386:1399 arg1 chains 1401:1406 polysaccharide chains 1386:1406 polysaccharide chains 1386:1406 These characteristics also reflect the different conformation of polysaccharide chains in the solution, which guides the processing of polysaccharide materials and composites for the desired structure and properties. 27722659 0 47 theme 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium 55:81 arg1 acetate 83:89 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate 55:89 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate 55:89 Solubility of starch and microcrystalline cellulose in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquid and solution rheological properties. 27722659 7 48 theme materials 1471:1479 arg1 processing 1442:1451 the processing 1438:1451 the processing of polysaccharide materials and composites for the desired structure and properties 1438:1535 These characteristics also reflect the different conformation of polysaccharide chains in the solution, which guides the processing of polysaccharide materials and composites for the desired structure and properties. 27722659 6 49 theme dilute 1138:1143 arg1 solutions 1145:1153 dilute solutions 1138:1153 dilute solutions 1138:1153 Steady-shear measurements indicated that for dilute solutions, there was a slightly shear-thinning behavior at low shear rates, and high concentration solutions presented an apparent shear-thinning behavior at high shear rates. 27722659 6 50 theme high 1225:1228 arg1 solutions 1244:1252 high concentration solutions 1225:1252 high concentration solutions 1225:1252 Steady-shear measurements indicated that for dilute solutions, there was a slightly shear-thinning behavior at low shear rates, and high concentration solutions presented an apparent shear-thinning behavior at high shear rates. 27722659 1 51 from liquid 241:246 arg1 solubility 165:174 the solubility 161:174 the solubility of starch (G50) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]), 161:303 This study compared the solubility of starch (G50) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]), at different temperatures. 27722659 4 52 theme G50-[Emim 779:787 arg1 [OAc 829:832 G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc] 779:833 G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc] 779:833 The polysaccharide-[Emim][OAc] solutions displayed viscosity in the order of G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc], which led to speculation that the molecular chain of G50 and MCC existed concordantly in [Emim][OAc]. 27722659 1 53 from cellulose 213:221 arg1 IL 249:250 IL 249:250 IL 249:250 This study compared the solubility of starch (G50) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]), at different temperatures. 27722659 1 53 from cellulose 213:221 arg1 liquid 241:246 liquid 241:246 liquid 241:246 This study compared the solubility of starch (G50) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]), at different temperatures. 27722659 7 54 theme polysaccharide 1456:1469 arg1 materials 1471:1479 materials 1471:1479 materials 1471:1479 These characteristics also reflect the different conformation of polysaccharide chains in the solution, which guides the processing of polysaccharide materials and composites for the desired structure and properties. 27722659 7 55 theme composites 1485:1494 arg1 processing 1442:1451 the processing 1438:1451 the processing of polysaccharide materials and composites for the desired structure and properties 1438:1535 These characteristics also reflect the different conformation of polysaccharide chains in the solution, which guides the processing of polysaccharide materials and composites for the desired structure and properties. 27722659 5 56 theme intermediate 1059:1070 arg1 behaviors 1082:1090 intermediate and tuned behaviors 1059:1090 intermediate and tuned behaviors 1059:1090 The intrinsic viscosity study showed that G50 was much less temperature-sensitive than MCC, and G50/MCC solutions showed intermediate and tuned behaviors. 27722659 3 57 theme bonds 568:572 arg1 formation 546:554 the formation 542:554 the formation of hydrogen bonds between polysaccharide hydroxyls and acetic anions 542:623 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed a similar dissolution mechanism for starch and MCC, which was related to the formation of hydrogen bonds between polysaccharide hydroxyls and acetic anions, causing the breakage of the hydrogen bonding network of the polysaccharide. 27722659 4 58 theme [OAc 829:832 arg1 order 770:774 the order 766:774 the order of G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc], which led to speculation that the molecular chain of G50 and MCC existed concordantly in [Emim][OAc] 766:935 The polysaccharide-[Emim][OAc] solutions displayed viscosity in the order of G50-[Emim][OAc] < G50/MCC-[Emim][OAc] < MCC-[Emim][OAc], which led to speculation that the molecular chain of G50 and MCC existed concordantly in [Emim][OAc]. 27722659 5 59 theme intrinsic 942:950 arg1 viscosity 952:960 The intrinsic viscosity 938:960 The intrinsic viscosity study 938:966 The intrinsic viscosity study showed that G50 was much less temperature-sensitive than MCC, and G50/MCC solutions showed intermediate and tuned behaviors. 27722659 7 60 theme different 1360:1368 arg1 conformation 1370:1381 the different conformation 1356:1381 the different conformation of polysaccharide chains in the solution, which guides the processing of polysaccharide materials and composites for the desired structure and properties 1356:1535 These characteristics also reflect the different conformation of polysaccharide chains in the solution, which guides the processing of polysaccharide materials and composites for the desired structure and properties. 27722659 3 61 theme FTIR 448:451 arg1 spectra 454:460 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra 420:460 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra 420:460 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed a similar dissolution mechanism for starch and MCC, which was related to the formation of hydrogen bonds between polysaccharide hydroxyls and acetic anions, causing the breakage of the hydrogen bonding network of the polysaccharide. 27722659 5 62 theme viscosity 952:960 arg1 study 962:966 The intrinsic viscosity study 938:966 The intrinsic viscosity study 938:966 The intrinsic viscosity study showed that G50 was much less temperature-sensitive than MCC, and G50/MCC solutions showed intermediate and tuned behaviors. 27722659 3 63 theme Fourier-transform 420:436 arg1 spectra 454:460 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra 420:460 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra 420:460 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed a similar dissolution mechanism for starch and MCC, which was related to the formation of hydrogen bonds between polysaccharide hydroxyls and acetic anions, causing the breakage of the hydrogen bonding network of the polysaccharide. 27722659 3 64 theme similar 471:477 arg1 mechanism 491:499 a similar dissolution mechanism 469:499 a similar dissolution mechanism for starch and MCC, which was related to the formation of hydrogen bonds between polysaccharide hydroxyls and acetic anions 469:623 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed a similar dissolution mechanism for starch and MCC, which was related to the formation of hydrogen bonds between polysaccharide hydroxyls and acetic anions, causing the breakage of the hydrogen bonding network of the polysaccharide. 27722659 6 65 theme shear 1308:1312 arg1 rates 1314:1318 high shear rates 1303:1318 high shear rates 1303:1318 Steady-shear measurements indicated that for dilute solutions, there was a slightly shear-thinning behavior at low shear rates, and high concentration solutions presented an apparent shear-thinning behavior at high shear rates. 27722659 3 66 theme hydrogen 559:566 arg1 bonds 568:572 hydrogen bonds 559:572 hydrogen bonds between polysaccharide hydroxyls and acetic anions 559:623 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed a similar dissolution mechanism for starch and MCC, which was related to the formation of hydrogen bonds between polysaccharide hydroxyls and acetic anions, causing the breakage of the hydrogen bonding network of the polysaccharide. 27722659 3 67 theme dissolution 479:489 arg1 mechanism 491:499 a similar dissolution mechanism 469:499 a similar dissolution mechanism for starch and MCC, which was related to the formation of hydrogen bonds between polysaccharide hydroxyls and acetic anions 469:623 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed a similar dissolution mechanism for starch and MCC, which was related to the formation of hydrogen bonds between polysaccharide hydroxyls and acetic anions, causing the breakage of the hydrogen bonding network of the polysaccharide. 27722659 6 68 theme shear-thinning 1276:1289 arg1 behavior 1291:1298 an apparent shear-thinning behavior 1264:1298 an apparent shear-thinning behavior 1264:1298 Steady-shear measurements indicated that for dilute solutions, there was a slightly shear-thinning behavior at low shear rates, and high concentration solutions presented an apparent shear-thinning behavior at high shear rates. 28924088 8 0 theme n-3 1042:1044 arg1 treatment 1050:1058 n-3 DPA treatment 1042:1058 n-3 DPA treatment 1042:1058 We found that n-3 DPA treatment resulted in greater IL-6 mRNA down-regulation than that achieved with EPA treatment, and was similar to that of DHA treatment. 28924088 2 1 from effects 378:384 arg1 macrophages 410:420 activated macrophages 400:420 activated macrophages 400:420 This study investigated conversion of n-3 DPA, and examined the anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 DPA on activated macrophages. 28924088 4 2 theme n-3 535:537 arg1 DPA 539:541 n-3 DPA 535:541 n-3 DPA 535:541 The level of n-3 DPA in the fatty acid composition of the total lipid fraction increased in a dose-dependent manner. 28924088 3 3 theme culture 479:485 arg1 media 487:491 culture media 479:491 culture media containing n-3 DPA for 72 h 479:519 Murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells were incubated in culture media containing n-3 DPA for 72 h. 28924088 9 4 theme desaturase 1287:1296 arg1 SC26196 1308:1314 the delta-6 desaturase inhibitor SC26196 1275:1314 the delta-6 desaturase inhibitor SC26196 in the culture medium to inhibit the conversion of n-3 DPA to DHA 1275:1380 Furthermore, expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNAs were measured in the presence of the delta-6 desaturase inhibitor SC26196 in the culture medium to inhibit the conversion of n-3 DPA to DHA. 28924088 7 5 theme dose-dependent 1005:1018 arg1 manner 1020:1025 a dose-dependent manner 1003:1025 a dose-dependent manner 1003:1025 Production of IL-6 was also reduced by n-3 DPA in a dose-dependent manner. 28924088 9 6 theme SC26196 1308:1314 arg1 presence 1263:1270 the presence 1259:1270 the presence of the delta-6 desaturase inhibitor SC26196 in the culture medium to inhibit the conversion of n-3 DPA to DHA 1259:1380 Furthermore, expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNAs were measured in the presence of the delta-6 desaturase inhibitor SC26196 in the culture medium to inhibit the conversion of n-3 DPA to DHA. 28924088 8 7 theme IL-6 1080:1083 arg1 down-regulation 1090:1104 greater IL-6 mRNA down-regulation 1072:1104 greater IL-6 mRNA down-regulation than that achieved with EPA treatment 1072:1142 We found that n-3 DPA treatment resulted in greater IL-6 mRNA down-regulation than that achieved with EPA treatment, and was similar to that of DHA treatment. 28924088 7 8 theme n-3 992:994 arg1 DPA 996:998 n-3 DPA 992:998 n-3 DPA 992:998 Production of IL-6 was also reduced by n-3 DPA in a dose-dependent manner. 28924088 1 9 contain have 274:277 arg2 benefits 286:293 health benefits 279:293 health benefits 279:293 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 1 9 contain have 274:277 arg1 acid 218:221 a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid 190:221 a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil 190:246 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 1 9 contain have 274:277 arg1 acid 163:166 Docosapentaenoic acid 146:166 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) 146:185 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 6 10 theme pro-inflammatory 891:906 arg1 IL-6 924:927 IL-6 924:927 IL-6 924:927 In RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), n-3 DPA significantly down-regulated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2. 28924088 6 10 theme pro-inflammatory 891:906 arg1 COX-2 946:950 COX-2 946:950 COX-2 946:950 In RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), n-3 DPA significantly down-regulated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2. 28924088 6 10 theme pro-inflammatory 891:906 arg1 iNOS 937:940 iNOS 937:940 iNOS 937:940 In RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), n-3 DPA significantly down-regulated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2. 28924088 6 10 theme pro-inflammatory 891:906 arg1 IL-1β 930:934 IL-1β 930:934 IL-1β 930:934 In RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), n-3 DPA significantly down-regulated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2. 28924088 6 10 theme pro-inflammatory 891:906 arg1 factors 908:914 pro-inflammatory factors 891:914 pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2 891:950 In RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), n-3 DPA significantly down-regulated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2. 28924088 10 11 theme mRNA 1449:1452 arg1 expression 1454:1463 the mRNA expression 1445:1463 the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells 1445:1511 There was no significant difference in the down-regulation in the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells by n-3 DPA with or without presence of SC26196. 28924088 0 12 theme RAW264.7 130:137 arg1 Cells 139:143 LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells 93:143 LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells 93:143 Docosapentaenoic Acid (22:5n-3) Downregulates mRNA Expression of Pro-inflammatory Factors in LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells. 28924088 1 13 theme n-3 192:194 arg1 PUFA 224:227 PUFA 224:227 PUFA 224:227 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 1 13 theme n-3 192:194 arg1 acid 218:221 a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid 190:221 a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil 190:246 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 1 13 theme n-3 192:194 arg1 acid 163:166 Docosapentaenoic acid 146:166 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) 146:185 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 4 14 theme lipid 586:590 arg1 fraction 592:599 the total lipid fraction 576:599 the total lipid fraction 576:599 The level of n-3 DPA in the fatty acid composition of the total lipid fraction increased in a dose-dependent manner. 28924088 10 15 theme RAW264.7 1498:1505 arg1 cells 1507:1511 RAW264.7 cells 1498:1511 RAW264.7 cells 1498:1511 There was no significant difference in the down-regulation in the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells by n-3 DPA with or without presence of SC26196. 28924088 1 16 theme fatty 212:216 arg1 PUFA 224:227 PUFA 224:227 PUFA 224:227 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 1 16 theme fatty 212:216 arg1 acid 218:221 a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid 190:221 a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil 190:246 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 1 16 theme fatty 212:216 arg1 acid 163:166 Docosapentaenoic acid 146:166 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) 146:185 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 8 17 theme DHA 1172:1174 arg1 treatment 1176:1184 DHA treatment 1172:1184 DHA treatment 1172:1184 We found that n-3 DPA treatment resulted in greater IL-6 mRNA down-regulation than that achieved with EPA treatment, and was similar to that of DHA treatment. 28924088 10 18 theme cytokines 1485:1493 arg1 expression 1454:1463 the mRNA expression 1445:1463 the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells 1445:1511 There was no significant difference in the down-regulation in the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells by n-3 DPA with or without presence of SC26196. 28924088 11 19 theme DHA 1689:1691 arg1 conversion 1693:1702 DHA conversion 1689:1702 DHA conversion 1689:1702 These results demonstrate that n-3 DPA exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in activated RAW264.7 cells, which are independent of DHA conversion. 28924088 9 20 theme n-3 1367:1369 arg1 DPA 1371:1373 n-3 DPA 1367:1373 n-3 DPA 1367:1373 Furthermore, expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNAs were measured in the presence of the delta-6 desaturase inhibitor SC26196 in the culture medium to inhibit the conversion of n-3 DPA to DHA. 28924088 1 21 theme Docosapentaenoic 146:161 arg1 acid 218:221 a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid 190:221 a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil 190:246 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 1 21 theme Docosapentaenoic 146:161 arg1 acid 163:166 Docosapentaenoic acid 146:166 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) 146:185 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 9 22 theme inhibitor 1298:1306 arg1 SC26196 1308:1314 the delta-6 desaturase inhibitor SC26196 1275:1314 the delta-6 desaturase inhibitor SC26196 in the culture medium to inhibit the conversion of n-3 DPA to DHA 1275:1380 Furthermore, expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNAs were measured in the presence of the delta-6 desaturase inhibitor SC26196 in the culture medium to inhibit the conversion of n-3 DPA to DHA. 28924088 0 23 theme Factors 82:88 arg1 Expression 51:60 mRNA Expression 46:60 mRNA Expression of Pro-inflammatory Factors in LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells 46:143 Docosapentaenoic Acid (22:5n-3) Downregulates mRNA Expression of Pro-inflammatory Factors in LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells. 28924088 11 24 theme activated 1638:1646 arg1 cells 1657:1661 activated RAW264.7 cells 1638:1661 activated RAW264.7 cells 1638:1661 These results demonstrate that n-3 DPA exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in activated RAW264.7 cells, which are independent of DHA conversion. 28924088 0 25 theme LPS-activated 93:105 arg1 Cells 139:143 LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells 93:143 LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells 93:143 Docosapentaenoic Acid (22:5n-3) Downregulates mRNA Expression of Pro-inflammatory Factors in LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells. 28924088 0 26 theme Macrophage 114:123 arg1 Cells 139:143 LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells 93:143 LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells 93:143 Docosapentaenoic Acid (22:5n-3) Downregulates mRNA Expression of Pro-inflammatory Factors in LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells. 28924088 9 27 theme expression 1200:1209 arg1 levels 1211:1216 expression levels 1200:1216 expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNAs 1200:1240 Furthermore, expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNAs were measured in the presence of the delta-6 desaturase inhibitor SC26196 in the culture medium to inhibit the conversion of n-3 DPA to DHA. 28924088 2 28 theme activated 400:408 arg1 macrophages 410:420 activated macrophages 400:420 activated macrophages 400:420 This study investigated conversion of n-3 DPA, and examined the anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 DPA on activated macrophages. 28924088 10 29 theme n-3 1516:1518 arg1 DPA 1520:1522 n-3 DPA 1516:1522 n-3 DPA with or without presence of SC26196 1516:1558 There was no significant difference in the down-regulation in the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells by n-3 DPA with or without presence of SC26196. 28924088 0 30 theme Docosapentaenoic 0:15 arg1 22:5n-3 23:29 22:5n-3 23:29 22:5n-3 23:29 Docosapentaenoic Acid (22:5n-3) Downregulates mRNA Expression of Pro-inflammatory Factors in LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells. 28924088 0 30 theme Docosapentaenoic 0:15 arg1 Acid 17:20 Docosapentaenoic Acid 0:20 Docosapentaenoic Acid (22:5n-3) 0:30 Docosapentaenoic Acid (22:5n-3) Downregulates mRNA Expression of Pro-inflammatory Factors in LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells. 28924088 2 31 theme DPA 393:395 arg1 effects 378:384 the anti-inflammatory effects 356:384 the anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 DPA on activated macrophages 356:420 This study investigated conversion of n-3 DPA, and examined the anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 DPA on activated macrophages. 28924088 1 32 dep acid 163:166 arg1 22:5n-3 169:175 22:5n-3 169:175 22:5n-3 169:175 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 1 32 dep acid 163:166 arg1 DPA 182:184 n-3 DPA 178:184 n-3 DPA 178:184 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 3 33 theme Murine 423:428 arg1 cells 455:459 Murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells 423:459 Murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells 423:459 Murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells were incubated in culture media containing n-3 DPA for 72 h. 28924088 9 34 from SC26196 1308:1314 arg1 medium 1331:1336 the culture medium 1319:1336 the culture medium 1319:1336 Furthermore, expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNAs were measured in the presence of the delta-6 desaturase inhibitor SC26196 in the culture medium to inhibit the conversion of n-3 DPA to DHA. 28924088 2 35 theme anti-inflammatory 360:376 arg1 effects 378:384 the anti-inflammatory effects 356:384 the anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 DPA on activated macrophages 356:420 This study investigated conversion of n-3 DPA, and examined the anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 DPA on activated macrophages. 28924088 9 36 theme mRNAs 1236:1240 arg1 levels 1211:1216 expression levels 1200:1216 expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNAs 1200:1240 Furthermore, expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNAs were measured in the presence of the delta-6 desaturase inhibitor SC26196 in the culture medium to inhibit the conversion of n-3 DPA to DHA. 28924088 0 37 theme mRNA 46:49 arg1 Expression 51:60 mRNA Expression 46:60 mRNA Expression of Pro-inflammatory Factors in LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells 46:143 Docosapentaenoic Acid (22:5n-3) Downregulates mRNA Expression of Pro-inflammatory Factors in LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells. 28924088 10 38 from down-regulation 1426:1440 arg1 expression 1454:1463 the mRNA expression 1445:1463 the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells 1445:1511 There was no significant difference in the down-regulation in the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells by n-3 DPA with or without presence of SC26196. 28924088 3 39 theme RAW264.7 446:453 arg1 cells 455:459 Murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells 423:459 Murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells 423:459 Murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells were incubated in culture media containing n-3 DPA for 72 h. 28924088 9 40 from presence 1263:1270 arg1 medium 1331:1336 the culture medium 1319:1336 the culture medium 1319:1336 Furthermore, expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNAs were measured in the presence of the delta-6 desaturase inhibitor SC26196 in the culture medium to inhibit the conversion of n-3 DPA to DHA. 28924088 1 41 located found 230:234 arg2 acid 218:221 a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid 190:221 a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil 190:246 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 1 41 located found 230:234 arg2 PUFA 224:227 PUFA 224:227 PUFA 224:227 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 1 41 located found 230:234 arg2 acid 163:166 Docosapentaenoic acid 146:166 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) 146:185 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 1 41 located found 230:234 arg1 oil 244:246 fish oil 239:246 fish oil 239:246 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 2 42 theme n-3 334:336 arg1 DPA 338:340 n-3 DPA 334:340 n-3 DPA 334:340 This study investigated conversion of n-3 DPA, and examined the anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 DPA on activated macrophages. 28924088 8 43 theme EPA 1130:1132 arg1 treatment 1134:1142 EPA treatment 1130:1142 EPA treatment 1130:1142 We found that n-3 DPA treatment resulted in greater IL-6 mRNA down-regulation than that achieved with EPA treatment, and was similar to that of DHA treatment. 28924088 10 44 from expression 1454:1463 arg1 cells 1507:1511 RAW264.7 cells 1498:1511 RAW264.7 cells 1498:1511 There was no significant difference in the down-regulation in the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells by n-3 DPA with or without presence of SC26196. 28924088 11 45 theme anti-inflammatory 1609:1625 arg1 effects 1627:1633 anti-inflammatory effects 1609:1633 anti-inflammatory effects 1609:1633 These results demonstrate that n-3 DPA exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in activated RAW264.7 cells, which are independent of DHA conversion. 28924088 4 46 theme acid 556:559 arg1 composition 561:571 the fatty acid composition 546:571 the fatty acid composition of the total lipid fraction 546:599 The level of n-3 DPA in the fatty acid composition of the total lipid fraction increased in a dose-dependent manner. 28924088 10 47 theme significant 1396:1406 arg1 difference 1408:1417 no significant difference 1393:1417 no significant difference 1393:1417 There was no significant difference in the down-regulation in the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells by n-3 DPA with or without presence of SC26196. 28924088 9 48 theme delta-6 1279:1285 arg1 desaturase 1287:1296 delta-6 desaturase 1279:1296 the delta-6 desaturase inhibitor SC26196 in the culture medium to inhibit the conversion of n-3 DPA to DHA 1275:1380 Furthermore, expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNAs were measured in the presence of the delta-6 desaturase inhibitor SC26196 in the culture medium to inhibit the conversion of n-3 DPA to DHA. 28924088 1 49 theme fish 239:242 arg1 oil 244:246 fish oil 239:246 fish oil 239:246 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 8 50 theme DPA 1046:1048 arg1 treatment 1050:1058 n-3 DPA treatment 1042:1058 n-3 DPA treatment 1042:1058 We found that n-3 DPA treatment resulted in greater IL-6 mRNA down-regulation than that achieved with EPA treatment, and was similar to that of DHA treatment. 28924088 4 51 theme DPA 539:541 arg1 level 526:530 The level 522:530 The level of n-3 DPA in the fatty acid composition of the total lipid fraction 522:599 The level of n-3 DPA in the fatty acid composition of the total lipid fraction increased in a dose-dependent manner. 28924088 3 52 theme n-3 504:506 arg1 DPA 508:510 n-3 DPA 504:510 n-3 DPA 504:510 Murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells were incubated in culture media containing n-3 DPA for 72 h. 28924088 1 53 theme n-3 178:180 arg1 22:5n-3 169:175 22:5n-3 169:175 22:5n-3 169:175 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 1 53 theme n-3 178:180 arg1 DPA 182:184 n-3 DPA 178:184 n-3 DPA 178:184 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 4 54 theme fraction 592:599 arg1 composition 561:571 the fatty acid composition 546:571 the fatty acid composition of the total lipid fraction 546:599 The level of n-3 DPA in the fatty acid composition of the total lipid fraction increased in a dose-dependent manner. 28924088 10 55 theme pro-inflammatory 1468:1483 arg1 cytokines 1485:1493 pro-inflammatory cytokines 1468:1493 pro-inflammatory cytokines 1468:1493 There was no significant difference in the down-regulation in the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells by n-3 DPA with or without presence of SC26196. 28924088 5 56 theme acid 714:717 arg1 levels 656:661 the levels 652:661 the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 652:723 Furthermore, the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were higher in treated cells than in control cells. 28924088 5 56 theme acid 714:717 arg1 higher 730:735 higher 730:735 higher 730:735 Furthermore, the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were higher in treated cells than in control cells. 28924088 9 57 theme culture 1323:1329 arg1 medium 1331:1336 the culture medium 1319:1336 the culture medium 1319:1336 Furthermore, expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNAs were measured in the presence of the delta-6 desaturase inhibitor SC26196 in the culture medium to inhibit the conversion of n-3 DPA to DHA. 28924088 8 58 theme greater 1072:1078 arg1 down-regulation 1090:1104 greater IL-6 mRNA down-regulation 1072:1104 greater IL-6 mRNA down-regulation than that achieved with EPA treatment 1072:1142 We found that n-3 DPA treatment resulted in greater IL-6 mRNA down-regulation than that achieved with EPA treatment, and was similar to that of DHA treatment. 28924088 6 59 theme factors 908:914 arg1 expression 877:886 mRNA expression 872:886 mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2 872:950 In RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), n-3 DPA significantly down-regulated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2. 28924088 8 60 theme mRNA 1085:1088 arg1 down-regulation 1090:1104 greater IL-6 mRNA down-regulation 1072:1104 greater IL-6 mRNA down-regulation than that achieved with EPA treatment 1072:1142 We found that n-3 DPA treatment resulted in greater IL-6 mRNA down-regulation than that achieved with EPA treatment, and was similar to that of DHA treatment. 28924088 7 61 theme IL-6 967:970 arg1 Production 953:962 Production 953:962 Production of IL-6 953:970 Production of IL-6 was also reduced by n-3 DPA in a dose-dependent manner. 28924088 5 62 theme control 762:768 arg1 cells 770:774 control cells 762:774 control cells 762:774 Furthermore, the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were higher in treated cells than in control cells. 28924088 6 63 theme mRNA 872:875 arg1 expression 877:886 mRNA expression 872:886 mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2 872:950 In RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), n-3 DPA significantly down-regulated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2. 28924088 4 64 theme total 580:584 arg1 fraction 592:599 the total lipid fraction 576:599 the total lipid fraction 576:599 The level of n-3 DPA in the fatty acid composition of the total lipid fraction increased in a dose-dependent manner. 28924088 5 65 theme docosahexaenoic 666:680 arg1 DHA 688:690 DHA 688:690 DHA 688:690 Furthermore, the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were higher in treated cells than in control cells. 28924088 5 65 theme docosahexaenoic 666:680 arg1 acid 682:685 docosahexaenoic acid 666:685 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 666:691 Furthermore, the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were higher in treated cells than in control cells. 28924088 11 66 theme conversion 1693:1702 arg1 independent 1674:1684 independent 1674:1684 independent 1674:1684 These results demonstrate that n-3 DPA exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in activated RAW264.7 cells, which are independent of DHA conversion. 28924088 9 67 theme DPA 1371:1373 arg1 conversion 1353:1362 the conversion 1349:1362 the conversion of n-3 DPA to DHA 1349:1380 Furthermore, expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNAs were measured in the presence of the delta-6 desaturase inhibitor SC26196 in the culture medium to inhibit the conversion of n-3 DPA to DHA. 28924088 0 68 theme Pro-inflammatory 65:80 arg1 Factors 82:88 Pro-inflammatory Factors 65:88 Pro-inflammatory Factors 65:88 Docosapentaenoic Acid (22:5n-3) Downregulates mRNA Expression of Pro-inflammatory Factors in LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells. 28924088 4 69 theme dose-dependent 616:629 arg1 manner 631:636 a dose-dependent manner 614:636 a dose-dependent manner 614:636 The level of n-3 DPA in the fatty acid composition of the total lipid fraction increased in a dose-dependent manner. 28924088 5 70 theme acid 682:685 arg1 levels 656:661 the levels 652:661 the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 652:723 Furthermore, the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were higher in treated cells than in control cells. 28924088 5 70 theme acid 682:685 arg1 higher 730:735 higher 730:735 higher 730:735 Furthermore, the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were higher in treated cells than in control cells. 28924088 5 71 theme eicosapentaenoic 697:712 arg1 EPA 720:722 EPA 720:722 EPA 720:722 Furthermore, the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were higher in treated cells than in control cells. 28924088 5 71 theme eicosapentaenoic 697:712 arg1 acid 714:717 eicosapentaenoic acid 697:717 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 697:723 Furthermore, the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were higher in treated cells than in control cells. 28924088 3 72 contain containing 493:502 arg1 media 487:491 culture media 479:491 culture media containing n-3 DPA for 72 h 479:519 Murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells were incubated in culture media containing n-3 DPA for 72 h. 28924088 3 72 contain containing 493:502 arg2 DPA 508:510 n-3 DPA 504:510 n-3 DPA 504:510 Murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells were incubated in culture media containing n-3 DPA for 72 h. 28924088 0 73 theme Murine 107:112 arg1 Cells 139:143 LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells 93:143 LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells 93:143 Docosapentaenoic Acid (22:5n-3) Downregulates mRNA Expression of Pro-inflammatory Factors in LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells. 28924088 0 74 from Expression 51:60 arg1 Cells 139:143 LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells 93:143 LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells 93:143 Docosapentaenoic Acid (22:5n-3) Downregulates mRNA Expression of Pro-inflammatory Factors in LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells. 28924088 11 75 theme RAW264.7 1648:1655 arg1 cells 1657:1661 activated RAW264.7 cells 1638:1661 activated RAW264.7 cells 1638:1661 These results demonstrate that n-3 DPA exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in activated RAW264.7 cells, which are independent of DHA conversion. 28924088 0 76 theme Like 125:128 arg1 Cells 139:143 LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells 93:143 LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells 93:143 Docosapentaenoic Acid (22:5n-3) Downregulates mRNA Expression of Pro-inflammatory Factors in LPS-activated Murine Macrophage Like RAW264.7 Cells. 28924088 1 77 theme polyunsaturated 196:210 arg1 PUFA 224:227 PUFA 224:227 PUFA 224:227 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 1 77 theme polyunsaturated 196:210 arg1 acid 218:221 a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid 190:221 a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil 190:246 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 1 77 theme polyunsaturated 196:210 arg1 acid 163:166 Docosapentaenoic acid 146:166 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) 146:185 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 4 78 from level 526:530 arg1 composition 561:571 the fatty acid composition 546:571 the fatty acid composition of the total lipid fraction 546:599 The level of n-3 DPA in the fatty acid composition of the total lipid fraction increased in a dose-dependent manner. 28924088 2 79 theme DPA 338:340 arg1 conversion 320:329 conversion 320:329 conversion of n-3 DPA 320:340 This study investigated conversion of n-3 DPA, and examined the anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 DPA on activated macrophages. 28924088 5 80 theme treated 740:746 arg1 cells 748:752 treated cells 740:752 treated cells 740:752 Furthermore, the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were higher in treated cells than in control cells. 28924088 9 81 theme IL-6 1221:1224 arg1 mRNAs 1236:1240 IL-6 and IL-1β mRNAs 1221:1240 IL-6 and IL-1β mRNAs 1221:1240 Furthermore, expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNAs were measured in the presence of the delta-6 desaturase inhibitor SC26196 in the culture medium to inhibit the conversion of n-3 DPA to DHA. 28924088 2 82 theme n-3 389:391 arg1 DPA 393:395 n-3 DPA 389:395 n-3 DPA 389:395 This study investigated conversion of n-3 DPA, and examined the anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 DPA on activated macrophages. 28924088 3 83 theme macrophage-like 430:444 arg1 cells 455:459 Murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells 423:459 Murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells 423:459 Murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells were incubated in culture media containing n-3 DPA for 72 h. 28924088 9 84 theme IL-1β 1230:1234 arg1 mRNAs 1236:1240 IL-6 and IL-1β mRNAs 1221:1240 IL-6 and IL-1β mRNAs 1221:1240 Furthermore, expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNAs were measured in the presence of the delta-6 desaturase inhibitor SC26196 in the culture medium to inhibit the conversion of n-3 DPA to DHA. 28924088 6 85 theme RAW264.7 780:787 arg1 cells 789:793 RAW264.7 cells 780:793 RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 780:832 In RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), n-3 DPA significantly down-regulated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2. 28924088 6 86 theme n-3 835:837 arg1 DPA 839:841 n-3 DPA 835:841 n-3 DPA 835:841 In RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), n-3 DPA significantly down-regulated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2. 28924088 11 87 theme n-3 1592:1594 arg1 DPA 1596:1598 n-3 DPA 1592:1598 n-3 DPA 1592:1598 These results demonstrate that n-3 DPA exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in activated RAW264.7 cells, which are independent of DHA conversion. 28924088 1 88 theme health 279:284 arg1 benefits 286:293 health benefits 279:293 health benefits 279:293 Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA) is a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, and has been reported to have health benefits. 28924088 4 89 theme fatty 550:554 arg1 composition 561:571 the fatty acid composition 546:571 the fatty acid composition of the total lipid fraction 546:599 The level of n-3 DPA in the fatty acid composition of the total lipid fraction increased in a dose-dependent manner. 28924088 10 90 theme SC26196 1552:1558 arg1 presence 1540:1547 presence 1540:1547 presence of SC26196 1540:1558 There was no significant difference in the down-regulation in the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells by n-3 DPA with or without presence of SC26196. 28924088 9 91 from medium 1331:1336 arg1 presence 1263:1270 the presence 1259:1270 the presence of the delta-6 desaturase inhibitor SC26196 in the culture medium to inhibit the conversion of n-3 DPA to DHA 1259:1380 Furthermore, expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNAs were measured in the presence of the delta-6 desaturase inhibitor SC26196 in the culture medium to inhibit the conversion of n-3 DPA to DHA. 26039057 7 0 theme transcription 1390:1402 arg1 factor 1404:1409 neuronal differentiation transcription factor 1365:1409 neuronal differentiation transcription factor 1365:1409 Intravenous allopregnanolone transiently and robustly phosphorylated CREB within 5min and increased levels of neuronal differentiation transcription factor NeuroD within 4h. 26039057 1 1 theme animal 306:311 arg1 models 313:318 translationally relevant animal models 281:318 translationally relevant animal models of both sexes 281:332 To develop allopregnanolone as a therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease, we investigated multiple formulations and routes of administration in translationally relevant animal models of both sexes. 26039057 4 2 theme 5-fold 764:769 arg1 ratio 784:788 5-fold brain/plasma ratio 764:788 5-fold brain/plasma ratio 764:788 Slow-release subcutaneous suspension of allopregnanolone displayed 5-fold brain/plasma ratio at Cmax at 30min. 26039057 5 3 theme human 983:987 arg1 level 989:993 published endogenous human level 962:993 published endogenous human level 962:993 At therapeutic doses by either subcutaneous or intravenous routes, allopregnanolone mouse plasma levels ranged between 34-51ng/ml by 30min, comparable to published endogenous human level in the third trimester of pregnancy. 26039057 13 4 theme human 2146:2150 arg1 female 2152:2157 human female 2146:2157 human female 2146:2157 The predicted MTD in human female is 0.37mg/kg. 26039057 9 5 theme tolerated 1617:1625 arg1 MTD 1634:1636 MTD 1634:1636 MTD 1634:1636 Formulations were tested to determine the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) and maximally tolerated doses (MTD) in male and female rats by sedation behavior time course. 26039057 9 5 theme tolerated 1617:1625 arg1 doses 1627:1631 maximally tolerated doses 1607:1631 maximally tolerated doses (MTD) 1607:1637 Formulations were tested to determine the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) and maximally tolerated doses (MTD) in male and female rats by sedation behavior time course. 26039057 15 6 theme initial 2326:2332 arg1 trials 2343:2348 initial clinical trials 2326:2348 initial clinical trials of allopregnanolone for Alzheimer's disease 2326:2392 Outcomes of these PK/PD studies predict a safe and efficacious dose range for initial clinical trials of allopregnanolone for Alzheimer's disease. 26039057 6 7 theme intramuscular 1067:1079 arg1 allopregnanolone 1098:1113 subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone 1044:1113 subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone 1044:1113 Exposure to subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone, at safe and tolerable doses, increased hippocampal markers of neurogenesis including BrdU and PCNA in young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice. 26039057 4 8 theme allopregnanolone 737:752 arg1 suspension 723:732 Slow-release subcutaneous suspension 697:732 Slow-release subcutaneous suspension of allopregnanolone 697:752 Slow-release subcutaneous suspension of allopregnanolone displayed 5-fold brain/plasma ratio at Cmax at 30min. 26039057 5 9 theme published 962:970 arg1 level 989:993 published endogenous human level 962:993 published endogenous human level 962:993 At therapeutic doses by either subcutaneous or intravenous routes, allopregnanolone mouse plasma levels ranged between 34-51ng/ml by 30min, comparable to published endogenous human level in the third trimester of pregnancy. 26039057 6 10 theme topical 1058:1064 arg1 allopregnanolone 1098:1113 subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone 1044:1113 subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone 1044:1113 Exposure to subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone, at safe and tolerable doses, increased hippocampal markers of neurogenesis including BrdU and PCNA in young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice. 26039057 10 11 theme more 1749:1752 arg1 time 1763:1766 ≥40% more sedation time 1744:1766 ≥40% more sedation time 1744:1766 Sex differences were apparent, males exhibited ≥40% more sedation time compared to females. 26039057 3 12 theme neuroregenerative 646:662 arg1 responses 664:672 neuroregenerative responses 646:672 neuroregenerative responses 646:672 Pharmacokinetic analyses of intravenous allopregnanolone in rabbit and mouse indicated that peak plasma and brain levels (3-fold brain/plasma ratios) at 5min were sufficient to activate neuroregenerative responses at sub-sedative doses. 26039057 9 13 theme male 1642:1645 arg1 rats 1658:1661 male and female rats 1642:1661 male and female rats 1642:1661 Formulations were tested to determine the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) and maximally tolerated doses (MTD) in male and female rats by sedation behavior time course. 26039057 6 14 theme subcutaneous 1044:1055 arg1 allopregnanolone 1098:1113 subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone 1044:1113 subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone 1044:1113 Exposure to subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone, at safe and tolerable doses, increased hippocampal markers of neurogenesis including BrdU and PCNA in young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice. 26039057 8 15 theme allopregnanolone 1467:1482 arg1 exposure 1490:1497 allopregnanolone brain exposure 1467:1497 allopregnanolone brain exposure of 300-500hr*ng/g 1467:1515 Neurogenic efficacy was achieved with allopregnanolone brain exposure of 300-500hr*ng/g. 26039057 9 16 theme female 1651:1656 arg1 rats 1658:1661 male and female rats 1642:1661 male and female rats 1642:1661 Formulations were tested to determine the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) and maximally tolerated doses (MTD) in male and female rats by sedation behavior time course. 26039057 2 17 dep topical 349:355 arg1 intranasal 374:383 intranasal 374:383 intranasal 374:383 Subcutaneous, topical (transdermal and intranasal), intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone were bolus-administered. 26039057 2 17 dep topical 349:355 arg1 transdermal 358:368 transdermal 358:368 transdermal 358:368 Subcutaneous, topical (transdermal and intranasal), intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone were bolus-administered. 26039057 13 18 theme predicted 2129:2137 arg1 0.37mg/kg 2162:2170 0.37mg/kg 2162:2170 0.37mg/kg 2162:2170 The predicted MTD in human female is 0.37mg/kg. 26039057 13 18 theme predicted 2129:2137 arg1 MTD 2139:2141 The predicted MTD 2125:2141 The predicted MTD in human female 2125:2157 The predicted MTD in human female is 0.37mg/kg. 26039057 7 19 theme differentiation 1374:1388 arg1 factor 1404:1409 neuronal differentiation transcription factor 1365:1409 neuronal differentiation transcription factor 1365:1409 Intravenous allopregnanolone transiently and robustly phosphorylated CREB within 5min and increased levels of neuronal differentiation transcription factor NeuroD within 4h. 26039057 5 20 theme third 1002:1006 arg1 trimester 1008:1016 the third trimester 998:1016 the third trimester of pregnancy 998:1029 At therapeutic doses by either subcutaneous or intravenous routes, allopregnanolone mouse plasma levels ranged between 34-51ng/ml by 30min, comparable to published endogenous human level in the third trimester of pregnancy. 26039057 12 21 from 2mg/kg 2117:2122 arg1 rats 2081:2084 female rats 2074:2084 female rats 2074:2084 To establish the NOAEL and MTD for Allo-induced sedation using a once-per-week intravenous regenerative treatment regimen: In female rats the NOAEL was 0.5mg/kg and MTD 2mg/kg. 26039057 8 22 theme 300-500hr 1502:1510 arg1 ng/g 1512:1515 300-500hr*ng/g 1502:1515 300-500hr*ng/g 1502:1515 Neurogenic efficacy was achieved with allopregnanolone brain exposure of 300-500hr*ng/g. 26039057 5 23 theme allopregnanolone 875:890 arg1 levels 905:910 allopregnanolone mouse plasma levels 875:910 allopregnanolone mouse plasma levels 875:910 At therapeutic doses by either subcutaneous or intravenous routes, allopregnanolone mouse plasma levels ranged between 34-51ng/ml by 30min, comparable to published endogenous human level in the third trimester of pregnancy. 26039057 5 24 from trimester 1008:1016 arg1 comparable 948:957 comparable 948:957 comparable 948:957 At therapeutic doses by either subcutaneous or intravenous routes, allopregnanolone mouse plasma levels ranged between 34-51ng/ml by 30min, comparable to published endogenous human level in the third trimester of pregnancy. 26039057 9 25 theme behavior 1675:1682 arg1 course 1689:1694 sedation behavior time course 1666:1694 sedation behavior time course 1666:1694 Formulations were tested to determine the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) and maximally tolerated doses (MTD) in male and female rats by sedation behavior time course. 26039057 8 26 theme ng/g 1512:1515 arg1 exposure 1490:1497 allopregnanolone brain exposure 1467:1497 allopregnanolone brain exposure of 300-500hr*ng/g 1467:1515 Neurogenic efficacy was achieved with allopregnanolone brain exposure of 300-500hr*ng/g. 26039057 7 27 theme increased 1345:1353 arg1 levels 1355:1360 increased levels 1345:1360 increased levels of neuronal differentiation transcription factor 1345:1409 Intravenous allopregnanolone transiently and robustly phosphorylated CREB within 5min and increased levels of neuronal differentiation transcription factor NeuroD within 4h. 26039057 16 28 theme translational 2415:2427 arg1 relevance 2429:2437 translational relevance 2415:2437 translational relevance to multiple neurodegenerative conditions 2415:2478 These findings have translational relevance to multiple neurodegenerative conditions. 26039057 3 29 theme allopregnanolone 500:515 arg1 analyses 476:483 Pharmacokinetic analyses 460:483 Pharmacokinetic analyses of intravenous allopregnanolone in rabbit and mouse 460:535 Pharmacokinetic analyses of intravenous allopregnanolone in rabbit and mouse indicated that peak plasma and brain levels (3-fold brain/plasma ratios) at 5min were sufficient to activate neuroregenerative responses at sub-sedative doses. 26039057 0 30 theme pharmacodynamic 55:69 arg1 studies 71:77 Allopregnanolone preclinical acute pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies 0:77 Allopregnanolone preclinical acute pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies 0:77 Allopregnanolone preclinical acute pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies to predict tolerability and efficacy for Alzheimer's disease. 26039057 5 31 theme intravenous 855:865 arg1 routes 867:872 either subcutaneous or intravenous routes 832:872 either subcutaneous or intravenous routes 832:872 At therapeutic doses by either subcutaneous or intravenous routes, allopregnanolone mouse plasma levels ranged between 34-51ng/ml by 30min, comparable to published endogenous human level in the third trimester of pregnancy. 26039057 2 32 theme intravenous 406:416 arg1 allopregnanolone 418:433 intravenous allopregnanolone 406:433 intravenous allopregnanolone 406:433 Subcutaneous, topical (transdermal and intranasal), intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone were bolus-administered. 26039057 0 33 theme Allopregnanolone 0:15 arg1 studies 71:77 Allopregnanolone preclinical acute pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies 0:77 Allopregnanolone preclinical acute pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies 0:77 Allopregnanolone preclinical acute pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies to predict tolerability and efficacy for Alzheimer's disease. 26039057 6 34 theme neurogenesis 1178:1189 arg1 markers 1167:1173 hippocampal markers 1155:1173 hippocampal markers of neurogenesis including BrdU and PCNA in young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice 1155:1252 Exposure to subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone, at safe and tolerable doses, increased hippocampal markers of neurogenesis including BrdU and PCNA in young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice. 26039057 6 34 theme neurogenesis 1178:1189 arg1 PCNA 1210:1213 PCNA 1210:1213 PCNA 1210:1213 Exposure to subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone, at safe and tolerable doses, increased hippocampal markers of neurogenesis including BrdU and PCNA in young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice. 26039057 6 34 theme neurogenesis 1178:1189 arg1 BrdU 1201:1204 BrdU 1201:1204 BrdU 1201:1204 Exposure to subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone, at safe and tolerable doses, increased hippocampal markers of neurogenesis including BrdU and PCNA in young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice. 26039057 16 35 theme neurodegenerative 2451:2467 arg1 conditions 2469:2478 multiple neurodegenerative conditions 2442:2478 multiple neurodegenerative conditions 2442:2478 These findings have translational relevance to multiple neurodegenerative conditions. 26039057 0 36 theme acute 29:33 arg1 studies 71:77 Allopregnanolone preclinical acute pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies 0:77 Allopregnanolone preclinical acute pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies 0:77 Allopregnanolone preclinical acute pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies to predict tolerability and efficacy for Alzheimer's disease. 26039057 12 37 theme female 2074:2079 arg1 rats 2081:2084 female rats 2074:2084 female rats 2074:2084 To establish the NOAEL and MTD for Allo-induced sedation using a once-per-week intravenous regenerative treatment regimen: In female rats the NOAEL was 0.5mg/kg and MTD 2mg/kg. 26039057 14 38 theme male 2176:2179 arg1 rats 2181:2184 male rats 2176:2184 male rats 2176:2184 In male rats the NOAEL and MTD were less than those determined for female. 26039057 3 39 theme Pharmacokinetic 460:474 arg1 analyses 476:483 Pharmacokinetic analyses 460:483 Pharmacokinetic analyses of intravenous allopregnanolone in rabbit and mouse 460:535 Pharmacokinetic analyses of intravenous allopregnanolone in rabbit and mouse indicated that peak plasma and brain levels (3-fold brain/plasma ratios) at 5min were sufficient to activate neuroregenerative responses at sub-sedative doses. 26039057 5 40 theme plasma 898:903 arg1 levels 905:910 allopregnanolone mouse plasma levels 875:910 allopregnanolone mouse plasma levels 875:910 At therapeutic doses by either subcutaneous or intravenous routes, allopregnanolone mouse plasma levels ranged between 34-51ng/ml by 30min, comparable to published endogenous human level in the third trimester of pregnancy. 26039057 15 41 theme efficacious 2299:2309 arg1 range 2316:2320 a safe and efficacious dose range 2288:2320 a safe and efficacious dose range for initial clinical trials of allopregnanolone for Alzheimer's disease 2288:2392 Outcomes of these PK/PD studies predict a safe and efficacious dose range for initial clinical trials of allopregnanolone for Alzheimer's disease. 26039057 12 42 theme once-per-week 2013:2025 arg1 regimen 2062:2068 a once-per-week intravenous regenerative treatment regimen 2011:2068 a once-per-week intravenous regenerative treatment regimen 2011:2068 To establish the NOAEL and MTD for Allo-induced sedation using a once-per-week intravenous regenerative treatment regimen: In female rats the NOAEL was 0.5mg/kg and MTD 2mg/kg. 26039057 11 43 theme complexation 1868:1879 arg1 ratio 1881:1885 optimized complexation ratio 1858:1885 optimized complexation ratio 1858:1885 Allopregnanolone formulated in sulfobutyl-ether-beta-cyclodextrin at optimized complexation ratio maximized allopregnanolone delivery and neurogenic efficacy. 26039057 7 44 theme Intravenous 1255:1265 arg1 allopregnanolone 1267:1282 Intravenous allopregnanolone 1255:1282 Intravenous allopregnanolone 1255:1282 Intravenous allopregnanolone transiently and robustly phosphorylated CREB within 5min and increased levels of neuronal differentiation transcription factor NeuroD within 4h. 26039057 12 45 theme treatment 2052:2060 arg1 regimen 2062:2068 a once-per-week intravenous regenerative treatment regimen 2011:2068 a once-per-week intravenous regenerative treatment regimen 2011:2068 To establish the NOAEL and MTD for Allo-induced sedation using a once-per-week intravenous regenerative treatment regimen: In female rats the NOAEL was 0.5mg/kg and MTD 2mg/kg. 26039057 15 46 theme safe 2290:2293 arg1 range 2316:2320 a safe and efficacious dose range 2288:2320 a safe and efficacious dose range for initial clinical trials of allopregnanolone for Alzheimer's disease 2288:2392 Outcomes of these PK/PD studies predict a safe and efficacious dose range for initial clinical trials of allopregnanolone for Alzheimer's disease. 26039057 12 47 theme regenerative 2039:2050 arg1 regimen 2062:2068 a once-per-week intravenous regenerative treatment regimen 2011:2068 a once-per-week intravenous regenerative treatment regimen 2011:2068 To establish the NOAEL and MTD for Allo-induced sedation using a once-per-week intravenous regenerative treatment regimen: In female rats the NOAEL was 0.5mg/kg and MTD 2mg/kg. 26039057 6 48 theme wildtype 1240:1247 arg1 mice 1249:1252 young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice 1218:1252 mice 1249:1252 Exposure to subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone, at safe and tolerable doses, increased hippocampal markers of neurogenesis including BrdU and PCNA in young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice. 26039057 11 49 theme neurogenic 1927:1936 arg1 efficacy 1938:1945 neurogenic efficacy 1927:1945 neurogenic efficacy 1927:1945 Allopregnanolone formulated in sulfobutyl-ether-beta-cyclodextrin at optimized complexation ratio maximized allopregnanolone delivery and neurogenic efficacy. 26039057 12 50 theme Allo-induced 1983:1994 arg1 sedation 1996:2003 Allo-induced sedation 1983:2003 Allo-induced sedation 1983:2003 To establish the NOAEL and MTD for Allo-induced sedation using a once-per-week intravenous regenerative treatment regimen: In female rats the NOAEL was 0.5mg/kg and MTD 2mg/kg. 26039057 10 51 theme Sex 1697:1699 arg1 differences 1701:1711 Sex differences 1697:1711 Sex differences 1697:1711 Sex differences were apparent, males exhibited ≥40% more sedation time compared to females. 26039057 6 52 from PCNA 1210:1213 arg1 3xTgAD 1224:1229 young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice 1218:1252 3xTgAD 1224:1229 Exposure to subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone, at safe and tolerable doses, increased hippocampal markers of neurogenesis including BrdU and PCNA in young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice. 26039057 6 52 from PCNA 1210:1213 arg1 mice 1249:1252 young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice 1218:1252 mice 1249:1252 Exposure to subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone, at safe and tolerable doses, increased hippocampal markers of neurogenesis including BrdU and PCNA in young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice. 26039057 15 53 theme allopregnanolone 2353:2368 arg1 trials 2343:2348 initial clinical trials 2326:2348 initial clinical trials of allopregnanolone for Alzheimer's disease 2326:2392 Outcomes of these PK/PD studies predict a safe and efficacious dose range for initial clinical trials of allopregnanolone for Alzheimer's disease. 26039057 9 54 theme observable 1563:1572 arg1 effect 1582:1587 no observable adverse effect 1560:1587 the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) 1556:1601 Formulations were tested to determine the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) and maximally tolerated doses (MTD) in male and female rats by sedation behavior time course. 26039057 15 55 theme PK/PD 2266:2270 arg1 studies 2272:2278 these PK/PD studies 2260:2278 these PK/PD studies 2260:2278 Outcomes of these PK/PD studies predict a safe and efficacious dose range for initial clinical trials of allopregnanolone for Alzheimer's disease. 26039057 6 56 theme young 1218:1222 arg1 3xTgAD 1224:1229 young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice 1218:1252 3xTgAD 1224:1229 Exposure to subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone, at safe and tolerable doses, increased hippocampal markers of neurogenesis including BrdU and PCNA in young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice. 26039057 3 57 theme brain 568:572 arg1 levels 574:579 peak plasma and brain levels 552:579 levels 574:579 Pharmacokinetic analyses of intravenous allopregnanolone in rabbit and mouse indicated that peak plasma and brain levels (3-fold brain/plasma ratios) at 5min were sufficient to activate neuroregenerative responses at sub-sedative doses. 26039057 9 58 theme effect 1582:1587 arg1 level 1589:1593 the no observable adverse effect level 1556:1593 the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) 1556:1601 Formulations were tested to determine the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) and maximally tolerated doses (MTD) in male and female rats by sedation behavior time course. 26039057 9 58 theme effect 1582:1587 arg1 NOAEL 1596:1600 NOAEL 1596:1600 NOAEL 1596:1600 Formulations were tested to determine the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) and maximally tolerated doses (MTD) in male and female rats by sedation behavior time course. 26039057 7 59 theme factor 1404:1409 arg1 5min 1336:1339 5min 1336:1339 5min 1336:1339 Intravenous allopregnanolone transiently and robustly phosphorylated CREB within 5min and increased levels of neuronal differentiation transcription factor NeuroD within 4h. 26039057 7 59 theme factor 1404:1409 arg1 levels 1355:1360 increased levels 1345:1360 increased levels of neuronal differentiation transcription factor 1345:1409 Intravenous allopregnanolone transiently and robustly phosphorylated CREB within 5min and increased levels of neuronal differentiation transcription factor NeuroD within 4h. 26039057 1 60 theme relevant 297:304 arg1 models 313:318 translationally relevant animal models 281:318 translationally relevant animal models of both sexes 281:332 To develop allopregnanolone as a therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease, we investigated multiple formulations and routes of administration in translationally relevant animal models of both sexes. 26039057 6 61 from BrdU 1201:1204 arg1 3xTgAD 1224:1229 young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice 1218:1252 3xTgAD 1224:1229 Exposure to subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone, at safe and tolerable doses, increased hippocampal markers of neurogenesis including BrdU and PCNA in young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice. 26039057 6 61 from BrdU 1201:1204 arg1 mice 1249:1252 young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice 1218:1252 mice 1249:1252 Exposure to subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone, at safe and tolerable doses, increased hippocampal markers of neurogenesis including BrdU and PCNA in young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice. 26039057 3 62 theme brain/plasma 589:600 arg1 plasma 557:562 peak plasma and brain levels 552:579 plasma 557:562 Pharmacokinetic analyses of intravenous allopregnanolone in rabbit and mouse indicated that peak plasma and brain levels (3-fold brain/plasma ratios) at 5min were sufficient to activate neuroregenerative responses at sub-sedative doses. 26039057 3 62 theme brain/plasma 589:600 arg1 ratios 602:607 3-fold brain/plasma ratios 582:607 3-fold brain/plasma ratios 582:607 Pharmacokinetic analyses of intravenous allopregnanolone in rabbit and mouse indicated that peak plasma and brain levels (3-fold brain/plasma ratios) at 5min were sufficient to activate neuroregenerative responses at sub-sedative doses. 26039057 5 63 theme endogenous 972:981 arg1 level 989:993 published endogenous human level 962:993 published endogenous human level 962:993 At therapeutic doses by either subcutaneous or intravenous routes, allopregnanolone mouse plasma levels ranged between 34-51ng/ml by 30min, comparable to published endogenous human level in the third trimester of pregnancy. 26039057 15 64 theme clinical 2334:2341 arg1 trials 2343:2348 initial clinical trials 2326:2348 initial clinical trials of allopregnanolone for Alzheimer's disease 2326:2392 Outcomes of these PK/PD studies predict a safe and efficacious dose range for initial clinical trials of allopregnanolone for Alzheimer's disease. 26039057 6 65 theme intravenous 1086:1096 arg1 allopregnanolone 1098:1113 subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone 1044:1113 subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone 1044:1113 Exposure to subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone, at safe and tolerable doses, increased hippocampal markers of neurogenesis including BrdU and PCNA in young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice. 26039057 4 66 theme brain/plasma 771:782 arg1 ratio 784:788 5-fold brain/plasma ratio 764:788 5-fold brain/plasma ratio 764:788 Slow-release subcutaneous suspension of allopregnanolone displayed 5-fold brain/plasma ratio at Cmax at 30min. 26039057 12 67 dep 0.5mg/kg 2100:2107 arg1 establish 1951:1959 establish 1951:1959 To establish the NOAEL and MTD for Allo-induced sedation using a once-per-week intravenous regenerative treatment regimen 1948:2068 To establish the NOAEL and MTD for Allo-induced sedation using a once-per-week intravenous regenerative treatment regimen: In female rats the NOAEL was 0.5mg/kg and MTD 2mg/kg. 26039057 4 68 theme subcutaneous 710:721 arg1 suspension 723:732 Slow-release subcutaneous suspension 697:732 Slow-release subcutaneous suspension of allopregnanolone 697:752 Slow-release subcutaneous suspension of allopregnanolone displayed 5-fold brain/plasma ratio at Cmax at 30min. 26039057 5 69 theme therapeutic 811:821 arg1 doses 823:827 therapeutic doses 811:827 therapeutic doses by either subcutaneous or intravenous routes 811:872 At therapeutic doses by either subcutaneous or intravenous routes, allopregnanolone mouse plasma levels ranged between 34-51ng/ml by 30min, comparable to published endogenous human level in the third trimester of pregnancy. 26039057 1 70 theme multiple 227:234 arg1 formulations 236:247 formulations 236:247 formulations 236:247 To develop allopregnanolone as a therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease, we investigated multiple formulations and routes of administration in translationally relevant animal models of both sexes. 26039057 8 71 theme Neurogenic 1429:1438 arg1 efficacy 1440:1447 Neurogenic efficacy 1429:1447 Neurogenic efficacy 1429:1447 Neurogenic efficacy was achieved with allopregnanolone brain exposure of 300-500hr*ng/g. 26039057 10 72 theme sedation 1754:1761 arg1 time 1763:1766 ≥40% more sedation time 1744:1766 ≥40% more sedation time 1744:1766 Sex differences were apparent, males exhibited ≥40% more sedation time compared to females. 26039057 5 73 theme pregnancy 1021:1029 arg1 trimester 1008:1016 the third trimester 998:1016 the third trimester of pregnancy 998:1029 At therapeutic doses by either subcutaneous or intravenous routes, allopregnanolone mouse plasma levels ranged between 34-51ng/ml by 30min, comparable to published endogenous human level in the third trimester of pregnancy. 26039057 3 74 from 5min 613:616 arg1 plasma 557:562 peak plasma and brain levels 552:579 plasma 557:562 Pharmacokinetic analyses of intravenous allopregnanolone in rabbit and mouse indicated that peak plasma and brain levels (3-fold brain/plasma ratios) at 5min were sufficient to activate neuroregenerative responses at sub-sedative doses. 26039057 3 74 from 5min 613:616 arg1 levels 574:579 peak plasma and brain levels 552:579 levels 574:579 Pharmacokinetic analyses of intravenous allopregnanolone in rabbit and mouse indicated that peak plasma and brain levels (3-fold brain/plasma ratios) at 5min were sufficient to activate neuroregenerative responses at sub-sedative doses. 26039057 3 74 from 5min 613:616 arg1 ratios 602:607 3-fold brain/plasma ratios 582:607 3-fold brain/plasma ratios 582:607 Pharmacokinetic analyses of intravenous allopregnanolone in rabbit and mouse indicated that peak plasma and brain levels (3-fold brain/plasma ratios) at 5min were sufficient to activate neuroregenerative responses at sub-sedative doses. 26039057 5 75 from comparable 948:957 arg1 trimester 1008:1016 the third trimester 998:1016 the third trimester of pregnancy 998:1029 At therapeutic doses by either subcutaneous or intravenous routes, allopregnanolone mouse plasma levels ranged between 34-51ng/ml by 30min, comparable to published endogenous human level in the third trimester of pregnancy. 26039057 13 76 from MTD 2139:2141 arg1 female 2152:2157 human female 2146:2157 human female 2146:2157 The predicted MTD in human female is 0.37mg/kg. 26039057 7 77 theme neuronal 1365:1372 arg1 factor 1404:1409 neuronal differentiation transcription factor 1365:1409 neuronal differentiation transcription factor 1365:1409 Intravenous allopregnanolone transiently and robustly phosphorylated CREB within 5min and increased levels of neuronal differentiation transcription factor NeuroD within 4h. 26039057 3 78 theme sub-sedative 677:688 arg1 doses 690:694 sub-sedative doses 677:694 sub-sedative doses 677:694 Pharmacokinetic analyses of intravenous allopregnanolone in rabbit and mouse indicated that peak plasma and brain levels (3-fold brain/plasma ratios) at 5min were sufficient to activate neuroregenerative responses at sub-sedative doses. 26039057 6 79 theme tolerable 1128:1136 arg1 doses 1138:1142 safe and tolerable doses 1119:1142 safe and tolerable doses 1119:1142 Exposure to subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone, at safe and tolerable doses, increased hippocampal markers of neurogenesis including BrdU and PCNA in young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice. 26039057 8 80 theme brain 1484:1488 arg1 exposure 1490:1497 allopregnanolone brain exposure 1467:1497 allopregnanolone brain exposure of 300-500hr*ng/g 1467:1515 Neurogenic efficacy was achieved with allopregnanolone brain exposure of 300-500hr*ng/g. 26039057 9 81 theme sedation 1666:1673 arg1 course 1689:1694 sedation behavior time course 1666:1694 sedation behavior time course 1666:1694 Formulations were tested to determine the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) and maximally tolerated doses (MTD) in male and female rats by sedation behavior time course. 26039057 6 82 theme safe 1119:1122 arg1 doses 1138:1142 safe and tolerable doses 1119:1142 safe and tolerable doses 1119:1142 Exposure to subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone, at safe and tolerable doses, increased hippocampal markers of neurogenesis including BrdU and PCNA in young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice. 26039057 12 83 dep NOAEL 1965:1969 arg1 the 1961:1963 the 1961:1963 the 1961:1963 To establish the NOAEL and MTD for Allo-induced sedation using a once-per-week intravenous regenerative treatment regimen: In female rats the NOAEL was 0.5mg/kg and MTD 2mg/kg. 26039057 3 84 from analyses 476:483 arg1 mouse 531:535 mouse 531:535 mouse 531:535 Pharmacokinetic analyses of intravenous allopregnanolone in rabbit and mouse indicated that peak plasma and brain levels (3-fold brain/plasma ratios) at 5min were sufficient to activate neuroregenerative responses at sub-sedative doses. 26039057 3 84 from analyses 476:483 arg1 rabbit 520:525 rabbit 520:525 rabbit 520:525 Pharmacokinetic analyses of intravenous allopregnanolone in rabbit and mouse indicated that peak plasma and brain levels (3-fold brain/plasma ratios) at 5min were sufficient to activate neuroregenerative responses at sub-sedative doses. 26039057 9 85 theme time 1684:1687 arg1 course 1689:1694 sedation behavior time course 1666:1694 sedation behavior time course 1666:1694 Formulations were tested to determine the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) and maximally tolerated doses (MTD) in male and female rats by sedation behavior time course. 26039057 12 86 from 0.5mg/kg 2100:2107 arg1 rats 2081:2084 female rats 2074:2084 female rats 2074:2084 To establish the NOAEL and MTD for Allo-induced sedation using a once-per-week intravenous regenerative treatment regimen: In female rats the NOAEL was 0.5mg/kg and MTD 2mg/kg. 26039057 8 87 theme * 1511:1511 arg1 ng/g 1512:1515 300-500hr*ng/g 1502:1515 300-500hr*ng/g 1502:1515 Neurogenic efficacy was achieved with allopregnanolone brain exposure of 300-500hr*ng/g. 26039057 5 88 theme subcutaneous 839:850 arg1 routes 867:872 either subcutaneous or intravenous routes 832:872 either subcutaneous or intravenous routes 832:872 At therapeutic doses by either subcutaneous or intravenous routes, allopregnanolone mouse plasma levels ranged between 34-51ng/ml by 30min, comparable to published endogenous human level in the third trimester of pregnancy. 26039057 16 89 theme multiple 2442:2449 arg1 conditions 2469:2478 multiple neurodegenerative conditions 2442:2478 multiple neurodegenerative conditions 2442:2478 These findings have translational relevance to multiple neurodegenerative conditions. 26039057 0 90 theme preclinical 17:27 arg1 studies 71:77 Allopregnanolone preclinical acute pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies 0:77 Allopregnanolone preclinical acute pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies 0:77 Allopregnanolone preclinical acute pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies to predict tolerability and efficacy for Alzheimer's disease. 26039057 12 91 theme MTD 2113:2115 arg1 2mg/kg 2117:2122 MTD 2mg/kg 2113:2122 MTD 2mg/kg 2113:2122 To establish the NOAEL and MTD for Allo-induced sedation using a once-per-week intravenous regenerative treatment regimen: In female rats the NOAEL was 0.5mg/kg and MTD 2mg/kg. 26039057 3 92 theme intravenous 488:498 arg1 allopregnanolone 500:515 intravenous allopregnanolone 488:515 intravenous allopregnanolone 488:515 Pharmacokinetic analyses of intravenous allopregnanolone in rabbit and mouse indicated that peak plasma and brain levels (3-fold brain/plasma ratios) at 5min were sufficient to activate neuroregenerative responses at sub-sedative doses. 26039057 0 93 theme pharmacokinetic 35:49 arg1 studies 71:77 Allopregnanolone preclinical acute pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies 0:77 Allopregnanolone preclinical acute pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies 0:77 Allopregnanolone preclinical acute pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies to predict tolerability and efficacy for Alzheimer's disease. 26039057 5 94 theme mouse 892:896 arg1 levels 905:910 allopregnanolone mouse plasma levels 875:910 allopregnanolone mouse plasma levels 875:910 At therapeutic doses by either subcutaneous or intravenous routes, allopregnanolone mouse plasma levels ranged between 34-51ng/ml by 30min, comparable to published endogenous human level in the third trimester of pregnancy. 26039057 1 95 theme sexes 328:332 arg1 models 313:318 translationally relevant animal models 281:318 translationally relevant animal models of both sexes 281:332 To develop allopregnanolone as a therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease, we investigated multiple formulations and routes of administration in translationally relevant animal models of both sexes. 26039057 15 96 theme dose 2311:2314 arg1 range 2316:2320 a safe and efficacious dose range 2288:2320 a safe and efficacious dose range for initial clinical trials of allopregnanolone for Alzheimer's disease 2288:2392 Outcomes of these PK/PD studies predict a safe and efficacious dose range for initial clinical trials of allopregnanolone for Alzheimer's disease. 26039057 6 97 theme hippocampal 1155:1165 arg1 markers 1167:1173 hippocampal markers 1155:1173 hippocampal markers of neurogenesis including BrdU and PCNA in young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice 1155:1252 Exposure to subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone, at safe and tolerable doses, increased hippocampal markers of neurogenesis including BrdU and PCNA in young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice. 26039057 6 97 theme hippocampal 1155:1165 arg1 PCNA 1210:1213 PCNA 1210:1213 PCNA 1210:1213 Exposure to subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone, at safe and tolerable doses, increased hippocampal markers of neurogenesis including BrdU and PCNA in young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice. 26039057 6 97 theme hippocampal 1155:1165 arg1 BrdU 1201:1204 BrdU 1201:1204 BrdU 1201:1204 Exposure to subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone, at safe and tolerable doses, increased hippocampal markers of neurogenesis including BrdU and PCNA in young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice. 26039057 11 98 theme optimized 1858:1866 arg1 ratio 1881:1885 optimized complexation ratio 1858:1885 optimized complexation ratio 1858:1885 Allopregnanolone formulated in sulfobutyl-ether-beta-cyclodextrin at optimized complexation ratio maximized allopregnanolone delivery and neurogenic efficacy. 26039057 16 99 contain have 2410:2413 arg1 findings 2401:2408 These findings 2395:2408 These findings 2395:2408 These findings have translational relevance to multiple neurodegenerative conditions. 26039057 16 99 contain have 2410:2413 arg2 relevance 2429:2437 translational relevance 2415:2437 translational relevance to multiple neurodegenerative conditions 2415:2478 These findings have translational relevance to multiple neurodegenerative conditions. 26039057 7 100 dep 5min 1336:1339 arg1 NeuroD 1411:1416 NeuroD 1411:1416 NeuroD 1411:1416 Intravenous allopregnanolone transiently and robustly phosphorylated CREB within 5min and increased levels of neuronal differentiation transcription factor NeuroD within 4h. 26039057 15 101 theme studies 2272:2278 arg1 Outcomes 2248:2255 Outcomes 2248:2255 Outcomes of these PK/PD studies 2248:2278 Outcomes of these PK/PD studies predict a safe and efficacious dose range for initial clinical trials of allopregnanolone for Alzheimer's disease. 26039057 12 102 theme intravenous 2027:2037 arg1 regimen 2062:2068 a once-per-week intravenous regenerative treatment regimen 2011:2068 a once-per-week intravenous regenerative treatment regimen 2011:2068 To establish the NOAEL and MTD for Allo-induced sedation using a once-per-week intravenous regenerative treatment regimen: In female rats the NOAEL was 0.5mg/kg and MTD 2mg/kg. 26039057 6 103 theme aged 1235:1238 arg1 mice 1249:1252 young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice 1218:1252 mice 1249:1252 Exposure to subcutaneous, topical, intramuscular, and intravenous allopregnanolone, at safe and tolerable doses, increased hippocampal markers of neurogenesis including BrdU and PCNA in young 3xTgAD and aged wildtype mice. 26039057 11 104 theme allopregnanolone 1897:1912 arg1 delivery 1914:1921 allopregnanolone delivery 1897:1921 allopregnanolone delivery 1897:1921 Allopregnanolone formulated in sulfobutyl-ether-beta-cyclodextrin at optimized complexation ratio maximized allopregnanolone delivery and neurogenic efficacy. 26039057 3 105 theme peak 552:555 arg1 plasma 557:562 peak plasma and brain levels 552:579 plasma 557:562 Pharmacokinetic analyses of intravenous allopregnanolone in rabbit and mouse indicated that peak plasma and brain levels (3-fold brain/plasma ratios) at 5min were sufficient to activate neuroregenerative responses at sub-sedative doses. 26039057 3 105 theme peak 552:555 arg1 ratios 602:607 3-fold brain/plasma ratios 582:607 3-fold brain/plasma ratios 582:607 Pharmacokinetic analyses of intravenous allopregnanolone in rabbit and mouse indicated that peak plasma and brain levels (3-fold brain/plasma ratios) at 5min were sufficient to activate neuroregenerative responses at sub-sedative doses. 26039057 4 106 theme Slow-release 697:708 arg1 suspension 723:732 Slow-release subcutaneous suspension 697:732 Slow-release subcutaneous suspension of allopregnanolone 697:752 Slow-release subcutaneous suspension of allopregnanolone displayed 5-fold brain/plasma ratio at Cmax at 30min. 26039057 1 107 theme administration 263:276 arg1 routes 253:258 routes 253:258 routes 253:258 To develop allopregnanolone as a therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease, we investigated multiple formulations and routes of administration in translationally relevant animal models of both sexes. 26039057 1 107 theme administration 263:276 arg1 formulations 236:247 formulations 236:247 formulations 236:247 To develop allopregnanolone as a therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease, we investigated multiple formulations and routes of administration in translationally relevant animal models of both sexes. 26039057 3 108 theme 3-fold 582:587 arg1 plasma 557:562 peak plasma and brain levels 552:579 plasma 557:562 Pharmacokinetic analyses of intravenous allopregnanolone in rabbit and mouse indicated that peak plasma and brain levels (3-fold brain/plasma ratios) at 5min were sufficient to activate neuroregenerative responses at sub-sedative doses. 26039057 3 108 theme 3-fold 582:587 arg1 ratios 602:607 3-fold brain/plasma ratios 582:607 3-fold brain/plasma ratios 582:607 Pharmacokinetic analyses of intravenous allopregnanolone in rabbit and mouse indicated that peak plasma and brain levels (3-fold brain/plasma ratios) at 5min were sufficient to activate neuroregenerative responses at sub-sedative doses. 26039057 4 109 from 30min 801:805 arg1 Cmax 793:796 Cmax 793:796 Cmax at 30min 793:805 Slow-release subcutaneous suspension of allopregnanolone displayed 5-fold brain/plasma ratio at Cmax at 30min. 26039057 9 110 theme adverse 1574:1580 arg1 effect 1582:1587 no observable adverse effect 1560:1587 the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) 1556:1601 Formulations were tested to determine the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) and maximally tolerated doses (MTD) in male and female rats by sedation behavior time course. 29103486 4 0 theme computed 653:660 arg1 tomography 662:671 the photoacoustic and computed tomography 631:671 tomography 662:671 Moreover, AMD hydrogel did not compromise the photoacoustic and computed tomography imaging capacity, as well as the photothermal and chemotherapy efficiency of MBP nanosheets and DOX. 29103486 4 1 dep photothermal 706:717 arg1 the 702:704 the 702:704 the 702:704 Moreover, AMD hydrogel did not compromise the photoacoustic and computed tomography imaging capacity, as well as the photothermal and chemotherapy efficiency of MBP nanosheets and DOX. 29103486 4 1 dep photothermal 706:717 arg1 efficiency 736:745 efficiency 736:745 efficiency 736:745 Moreover, AMD hydrogel did not compromise the photoacoustic and computed tomography imaging capacity, as well as the photothermal and chemotherapy efficiency of MBP nanosheets and DOX. 29103486 6 2 theme tumor 1048:1052 arg1 surgery 1054:1060 tumor surgery 1048:1060 tumor surgery 1048:1060 Furthermore, antibiotics were also able to be encapsulated in the hydrogel to avoid the potential wound infection during tumor surgery. 29103486 3 3 theme AMD 460:462 arg1 macro-vessel 487:498 a macro-vessel 485:498 a macro-vessel 485:498 The resultant Agar/MBP/DOX (AMD) hydrogel can act as a macro-vessel to retain the MBP nanosheet and DOX and restrict their access to body fluid circulation. 29103486 3 3 theme AMD 460:462 arg1 hydrogel 465:472 The resultant Agar/MBP/DOX (AMD) hydrogel 432:472 The resultant Agar/MBP/DOX (AMD) hydrogel 432:472 The resultant Agar/MBP/DOX (AMD) hydrogel can act as a macro-vessel to retain the MBP nanosheet and DOX and restrict their access to body fluid circulation. 29103486 6 4 theme potential 1015:1023 arg1 infection 1031:1039 the potential wound infection 1011:1039 the potential wound infection 1011:1039 Furthermore, antibiotics were also able to be encapsulated in the hydrogel to avoid the potential wound infection during tumor surgery. 29103486 2 5 theme formed 250:255 arg1 able 270:273 able 270:273 able 270:273 The formed solution was able to be intra-tumorally (I.T.) administered into tumor at a relatively high temperature and automatically formed a hydrogel after cooling to body temperature. 29103486 2 5 theme formed 250:255 arg1 solution 257:264 The formed solution 246:264 The formed solution 246:264 The formed solution was able to be intra-tumorally (I.T.) administered into tumor at a relatively high temperature and automatically formed a hydrogel after cooling to body temperature. 29103486 5 6 theme MBP 823:825 arg1 nanosheet 827:835 MBP nanosheet 823:835 MBP nanosheet 823:835 The heat from the photothermal transformation of MBP nanosheet can promote the drug-release from the hydrogel and thus enable an on-demand drug release. 29103486 5 7 theme nanosheet 827:835 arg1 transformation 805:818 the photothermal transformation 788:818 the photothermal transformation of MBP nanosheet 788:835 The heat from the photothermal transformation of MBP nanosheet can promote the drug-release from the hydrogel and thus enable an on-demand drug release. 29103486 2 8 theme body 414:417 arg1 temperature 419:429 body temperature 414:429 body temperature 414:429 The formed solution was able to be intra-tumorally (I.T.) administered into tumor at a relatively high temperature and automatically formed a hydrogel after cooling to body temperature. 29103486 2 9 theme high 344:347 arg1 temperature 349:359 a relatively high temperature 331:359 a relatively high temperature 331:359 The formed solution was able to be intra-tumorally (I.T.) administered into tumor at a relatively high temperature and automatically formed a hydrogel after cooling to body temperature. 29103486 0 10 theme agar-based 21:30 arg1 hydrogel 42:49 injectable agar-based composite hydrogel 10:49 injectable agar-based composite hydrogel 10:49 Design of injectable agar-based composite hydrogel for multi-mode tumor therapy. 29103486 5 11 from hydrogel 875:882 arg1 drug-release 853:864 the drug-release 849:864 the drug-release from the hydrogel 849:882 The heat from the photothermal transformation of MBP nanosheet can promote the drug-release from the hydrogel and thus enable an on-demand drug release. 29103486 3 12 theme MBP 514:516 arg1 nanosheet 518:526 the MBP nanosheet 510:526 the MBP nanosheet 510:526 The resultant Agar/MBP/DOX (AMD) hydrogel can act as a macro-vessel to retain the MBP nanosheet and DOX and restrict their access to body fluid circulation. 29103486 3 13 theme resultant 436:444 arg1 macro-vessel 487:498 a macro-vessel 485:498 a macro-vessel 485:498 The resultant Agar/MBP/DOX (AMD) hydrogel can act as a macro-vessel to retain the MBP nanosheet and DOX and restrict their access to body fluid circulation. 29103486 3 13 theme resultant 436:444 arg1 hydrogel 465:472 The resultant Agar/MBP/DOX (AMD) hydrogel 432:472 The resultant Agar/MBP/DOX (AMD) hydrogel 432:472 The resultant Agar/MBP/DOX (AMD) hydrogel can act as a macro-vessel to retain the MBP nanosheet and DOX and restrict their access to body fluid circulation. 29103486 0 14 theme injectable 10:19 arg1 hydrogel 42:49 injectable agar-based composite hydrogel 10:49 injectable agar-based composite hydrogel 10:49 Design of injectable agar-based composite hydrogel for multi-mode tumor therapy. 29103486 5 15 theme drug 913:916 arg1 release 918:924 an on-demand drug release 900:924 an on-demand drug release 900:924 The heat from the photothermal transformation of MBP nanosheet can promote the drug-release from the hydrogel and thus enable an on-demand drug release. 29103486 3 16 theme Agar/MBP/DOX 446:457 arg1 macro-vessel 487:498 a macro-vessel 485:498 a macro-vessel 485:498 The resultant Agar/MBP/DOX (AMD) hydrogel can act as a macro-vessel to retain the MBP nanosheet and DOX and restrict their access to body fluid circulation. 29103486 3 16 theme Agar/MBP/DOX 446:457 arg1 hydrogel 465:472 The resultant Agar/MBP/DOX (AMD) hydrogel 432:472 The resultant Agar/MBP/DOX (AMD) hydrogel 432:472 The resultant Agar/MBP/DOX (AMD) hydrogel can act as a macro-vessel to retain the MBP nanosheet and DOX and restrict their access to body fluid circulation. 29103486 0 17 theme hydrogel 42:49 arg1 Design 0:5 Design 0:5 Design of injectable agar-based composite hydrogel for multi-mode tumor therapy. 0:79 Design of injectable agar-based composite hydrogel for multi-mode tumor therapy. 29103486 5 18 theme photothermal 792:803 arg1 transformation 805:818 the photothermal transformation 788:818 the photothermal transformation of MBP nanosheet 788:835 The heat from the photothermal transformation of MBP nanosheet can promote the drug-release from the hydrogel and thus enable an on-demand drug release. 29103486 4 19 theme AMD 599:601 arg1 hydrogel 603:610 AMD hydrogel 599:610 AMD hydrogel 599:610 Moreover, AMD hydrogel did not compromise the photoacoustic and computed tomography imaging capacity, as well as the photothermal and chemotherapy efficiency of MBP nanosheets and DOX. 29103486 0 20 theme composite 32:40 arg1 hydrogel 42:49 injectable agar-based composite hydrogel 10:49 injectable agar-based composite hydrogel 10:49 Design of injectable agar-based composite hydrogel for multi-mode tumor therapy. 29103486 4 21 theme DOX 769:771 arg1 chemotherapy 723:734 chemotherapy 723:734 chemotherapy 723:734 Moreover, AMD hydrogel did not compromise the photoacoustic and computed tomography imaging capacity, as well as the photothermal and chemotherapy efficiency of MBP nanosheets and DOX. 29103486 4 21 theme DOX 769:771 arg1 capacity 681:688 capacity 681:688 capacity 681:688 Moreover, AMD hydrogel did not compromise the photoacoustic and computed tomography imaging capacity, as well as the photothermal and chemotherapy efficiency of MBP nanosheets and DOX. 29103486 4 21 theme DOX 769:771 arg1 photothermal 706:717 photothermal 706:717 photothermal 706:717 Moreover, AMD hydrogel did not compromise the photoacoustic and computed tomography imaging capacity, as well as the photothermal and chemotherapy efficiency of MBP nanosheets and DOX. 29103486 0 22 theme multi-mode 55:64 arg1 therapy 72:78 multi-mode tumor therapy 55:78 multi-mode tumor therapy 55:78 Design of injectable agar-based composite hydrogel for multi-mode tumor therapy. 29103486 5 23 from transformation 805:818 arg1 heat 778:781 The heat 774:781 The heat from the photothermal transformation of MBP nanosheet 774:835 The heat from the photothermal transformation of MBP nanosheet can promote the drug-release from the hydrogel and thus enable an on-demand drug release. 29103486 5 24 theme on-demand 903:911 arg1 release 918:924 an on-demand drug release 900:924 an on-demand drug release 900:924 The heat from the photothermal transformation of MBP nanosheet can promote the drug-release from the hydrogel and thus enable an on-demand drug release. 29103486 3 25 theme body 565:568 arg1 circulation 576:586 body fluid circulation 565:586 body fluid circulation 565:586 The resultant Agar/MBP/DOX (AMD) hydrogel can act as a macro-vessel to retain the MBP nanosheet and DOX and restrict their access to body fluid circulation. 29103486 4 26 theme MBP 750:752 arg1 nanosheets 754:763 MBP nanosheets 750:763 MBP nanosheets 750:763 Moreover, AMD hydrogel did not compromise the photoacoustic and computed tomography imaging capacity, as well as the photothermal and chemotherapy efficiency of MBP nanosheets and DOX. 29103486 3 27 theme fluid 570:574 arg1 circulation 576:586 body fluid circulation 565:586 body fluid circulation 565:586 The resultant Agar/MBP/DOX (AMD) hydrogel can act as a macro-vessel to retain the MBP nanosheet and DOX and restrict their access to body fluid circulation. 29103486 1 28 theme injectable 96:105 arg1 hydrogel 107:114 an injectable hydrogel 93:114 an injectable hydrogel 93:114 We designed an injectable hydrogel by dissolving MoS2/Bi2S3-PEG (MBP), doxorubicin (DOX) and agar into water for the concurrent tumor photothermal and chemotherapy. 29103486 2 29 dep intra-tumorally 281:295 arg1 I.T. 298:301 I.T. 298:301 I.T. 298:301 The formed solution was able to be intra-tumorally (I.T.) administered into tumor at a relatively high temperature and automatically formed a hydrogel after cooling to body temperature. 29103486 1 30 theme concurrent 198:207 arg1 photothermal 215:226 the concurrent tumor photothermal 194:226 the concurrent tumor photothermal 194:226 We designed an injectable hydrogel by dissolving MoS2/Bi2S3-PEG (MBP), doxorubicin (DOX) and agar into water for the concurrent tumor photothermal and chemotherapy. 29103486 5 31 dep promote 841:847 arg1 enable 893:898 enable 893:898 enable an on-demand drug release 893:924 The heat from the photothermal transformation of MBP nanosheet can promote the drug-release from the hydrogel and thus enable an on-demand drug release. 29103486 4 32 theme photoacoustic 635:647 arg1 tomography 662:671 the photoacoustic and computed tomography 631:671 tomography 662:671 Moreover, AMD hydrogel did not compromise the photoacoustic and computed tomography imaging capacity, as well as the photothermal and chemotherapy efficiency of MBP nanosheets and DOX. 29103486 6 33 theme wound 1025:1029 arg1 infection 1031:1039 the potential wound infection 1011:1039 the potential wound infection 1011:1039 Furthermore, antibiotics were also able to be encapsulated in the hydrogel to avoid the potential wound infection during tumor surgery. 29103486 1 34 theme tumor 209:213 arg1 photothermal 215:226 the concurrent tumor photothermal 194:226 the concurrent tumor photothermal 194:226 We designed an injectable hydrogel by dissolving MoS2/Bi2S3-PEG (MBP), doxorubicin (DOX) and agar into water for the concurrent tumor photothermal and chemotherapy. 29103486 0 35 theme tumor 66:70 arg1 therapy 72:78 multi-mode tumor therapy 55:78 multi-mode tumor therapy 55:78 Design of injectable agar-based composite hydrogel for multi-mode tumor therapy. 29103486 4 36 theme nanosheets 754:763 arg1 chemotherapy 723:734 chemotherapy 723:734 chemotherapy 723:734 Moreover, AMD hydrogel did not compromise the photoacoustic and computed tomography imaging capacity, as well as the photothermal and chemotherapy efficiency of MBP nanosheets and DOX. 29103486 4 36 theme nanosheets 754:763 arg1 capacity 681:688 capacity 681:688 capacity 681:688 Moreover, AMD hydrogel did not compromise the photoacoustic and computed tomography imaging capacity, as well as the photothermal and chemotherapy efficiency of MBP nanosheets and DOX. 29103486 4 36 theme nanosheets 754:763 arg1 photothermal 706:717 photothermal 706:717 photothermal 706:717 Moreover, AMD hydrogel did not compromise the photoacoustic and computed tomography imaging capacity, as well as the photothermal and chemotherapy efficiency of MBP nanosheets and DOX. 26693171 4 0 theme identifier 987:996 arg1 PXD000178 998:1006 the dataset identifier PXD000178 975:1006 the dataset identifier PXD000178 975:1006 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 3 1 theme unique 721:726 arg1 glycoproteins 728:740 18 unique glycoproteins 718:740 18 unique glycoproteins 718:740 In this context we have reanalyzed our glycoproteome dataset with the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases that has led to the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study. 26693171 4 2 theme partner 1194:1200 arg1 repository  1202:1212 the PRIDE partner repository  1184:1212 the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849 1184:1278 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 2 3 theme proteomic 364:372 arg1 approaches 374:383 proteomic approaches 364:383 proteomic approaches 364:383 Utilizing species specific protein sequence databases in proteomic approaches often leads to additional information that may not be obtained using cross-species databases. 26693171 4 4 theme dataset 979:985 arg1 PXD000178 998:1006 the dataset identifier PXD000178 975:1006 the dataset identifier PXD000178 975:1006 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 3 5 theme sites 708:712 arg1 identification 664:677 the identification 660:677 the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study 660:785 In this context we have reanalyzed our glycoproteome dataset with the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases that has led to the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study. 26693171 4 6 dep based 1079:1083 arg1 available 1136:1144 available 1136:1144 available 1136:1144 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 3 7 gly glycosylation 694:706 arg2 sites 708:712 21 N-linked glycosylation sites 682:712 21 N-linked glycosylation sites 682:712 In this context we have reanalyzed our glycoproteome dataset with the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases that has led to the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study. 26693171 3 7 gly glycosylation 694:706 arg2 21 682:683 21 682:683 21 682:683 In this context we have reanalyzed our glycoproteome dataset with the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases that has led to the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study. 26693171 3 8 theme Gossypium 569:577 arg1 databases 634:642 the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases 545:642 the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases that has led to the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study 545:785 In this context we have reanalyzed our glycoproteome dataset with the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases that has led to the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study. 26693171 4 9 theme dataset 1251:1257 arg1 PXD002849 1270:1278 the dataset identifier PXD002849 1247:1278 the dataset identifier PXD002849 1247:1278 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 3 10 theme glycoproteome 518:530 arg1 dataset 532:538 our glycoproteome dataset 514:538 our glycoproteome dataset 514:538 In this context we have reanalyzed our glycoproteome dataset with the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases that has led to the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study. 26693171 4 11 dep repository  1202:1212 arg1 Vizcaíno 1214:1221 Vizcaíno 1214:1221 Vizcaíno 1214:1221 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 4 11 dep repository  1202:1212 arg1 2013 1231:1234 2013 1231:1234 2013 1231:1234 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 1 12 theme elongating 134:143 arg1 cells 158:162 the elongating cotton fiber cells 130:162 the elongating cotton fiber cells attained using complementary proteomic approaches followed by protein and N-linked glycosylation site identification (Kumar et al., 2013) [1] 130:304 The data presented here delineates the glycoproteome component in the elongating cotton fiber cells attained using complementary proteomic approaches followed by protein and N-linked glycosylation site identification (Kumar et al., 2013) [1]. 26693171 4 13 theme identification 1113:1126 arg1 data 1128:1131 N-linked glycosylation site identification data 1085:1131 N-linked glycosylation site identification data 1085:1131 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 4 14 link N-linked 1085:1092 arg1 data 1128:1131 N-linked glycosylation site identification data 1085:1131 N-linked glycosylation site identification data 1085:1131 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 4 15 theme 1D 792:793 arg1 PAGE 795:798 The 1D PAGE 788:798 The 1D PAGE 788:798 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 4 15 theme 1D 792:793 arg1 available 864:872 available 864:872 available 864:872 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 3 16 dep Gossypium 607:615 arg1 hirsutum 617:624 Gossypium hirsutum 607:624 Gossypium hirsutum 607:624 In this context we have reanalyzed our glycoproteome dataset with the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases that has led to the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study. 26693171 4 17 dep Vizcaíno 942:949 arg1 [2 965:966 [2 965:966 [2 965:966 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 4 17 dep Vizcaíno 942:949 arg1 2013 959:962 2013 959:962 2013 959:962 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 4 17 dep Vizcaíno 942:949 arg1 al. 954:956 Vizcaíno et al., 2013 942:962 al. 954:956 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 3 18 theme glycoproteins 728:740 arg1 identification 664:677 the identification 660:677 the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study 660:785 In this context we have reanalyzed our glycoproteome dataset with the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases that has led to the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study. 26693171 4 19 theme based 813:817 arg1 data 847:850 solution based glycoprotein identification data 804:850 solution based glycoprotein identification data 804:850 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 3 20 theme arboreum 559:566 arg1 databases 634:642 the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases 545:642 the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases that has led to the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study 545:785 In this context we have reanalyzed our glycoproteome dataset with the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases that has led to the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study. 26693171 1 21 theme complementary 179:191 arg1 approaches 203:212 complementary proteomic approaches 179:212 complementary proteomic approaches followed by protein and N-linked glycosylation site identification (Kumar et al., 2013) [1] 179:304 The data presented here delineates the glycoproteome component in the elongating cotton fiber cells attained using complementary proteomic approaches followed by protein and N-linked glycosylation site identification (Kumar et al., 2013) [1]. 26693171 4 22 gly glycoprotein 819:830 arg1 glycoprotein 819:830 solution based glycoprotein identification data 804:850 solution based glycoprotein identification data 804:850 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 4 23 dep based 1024:1028 arg1 based 1079:1083 based 1079:1083 based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849 1079:1278 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 4 23 dep based 1024:1028 arg1 PAGE 1019:1022 the 2D PAGE 1012:1022 the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849 1012:1278 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 1 24 theme proteomic 193:201 arg1 approaches 203:212 complementary proteomic approaches 179:212 complementary proteomic approaches followed by protein and N-linked glycosylation site identification (Kumar et al., 2013) [1] 179:304 The data presented here delineates the glycoproteome component in the elongating cotton fiber cells attained using complementary proteomic approaches followed by protein and N-linked glycosylation site identification (Kumar et al., 2013) [1]. 26693171 2 25 theme cross-species 454:466 arg1 databases 468:476 cross-species databases 454:476 cross-species databases 454:476 Utilizing species specific protein sequence databases in proteomic approaches often leads to additional information that may not be obtained using cross-species databases. 26693171 3 26 dep Gossypium 569:577 arg1 raimondii 579:587 Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) 569:601 Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) 569:601 In this context we have reanalyzed our glycoproteome dataset with the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases that has led to the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study. 26693171 4 27 theme identifier 1259:1268 arg1 PXD002849 1270:1278 the dataset identifier PXD002849 1247:1278 the dataset identifier PXD002849 1247:1278 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 1 28 link N-linked 238:245 arg1 glycosylation 247:259 N-linked glycosylation 238:259 N-linked glycosylation 238:259 The data presented here delineates the glycoproteome component in the elongating cotton fiber cells attained using complementary proteomic approaches followed by protein and N-linked glycosylation site identification (Kumar et al., 2013) [1]. 26693171 2 29 dep specific 325:332 arg1 species 317:323 species 317:323 species 317:323 Utilizing species specific protein sequence databases in proteomic approaches often leads to additional information that may not be obtained using cross-species databases. 26693171 1 30 from component 117:125 arg1 cells 158:162 the elongating cotton fiber cells 130:162 the elongating cotton fiber cells attained using complementary proteomic approaches followed by protein and N-linked glycosylation site identification (Kumar et al., 2013) [1] 130:304 The data presented here delineates the glycoproteome component in the elongating cotton fiber cells attained using complementary proteomic approaches followed by protein and N-linked glycosylation site identification (Kumar et al., 2013) [1]. 26693171 4 31 theme identification 832:845 arg1 data 847:850 solution based glycoprotein identification data 804:850 solution based glycoprotein identification data 804:850 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 4 32 theme protein 1030:1036 arg1 identification 1038:1051 protein identification 1030:1051 protein identification 1030:1051 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 1 33 theme glycoproteome 103:115 arg1 component 117:125 the glycoproteome component 99:125 the glycoproteome component in the elongating cotton fiber cells attained using complementary proteomic approaches followed by protein and N-linked glycosylation site identification (Kumar et al., 2013) [1] 99:304 The data presented here delineates the glycoproteome component in the elongating cotton fiber cells attained using complementary proteomic approaches followed by protein and N-linked glycosylation site identification (Kumar et al., 2013) [1]. 26693171 4 34 dep Vizcaíno 1214:1221 arg1 [2 1237:1238 [2 1237:1238 [2 1237:1238 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 4 34 dep Vizcaíno 1214:1221 arg1 al. 1226:1228 Vizcaíno et al. 1214:1228 Vizcaíno et al. 1214:1228 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 0 35 theme cotton 44:49 arg1 cells 57:61 elongating cotton fiber cells 33:61 elongating cotton fiber cells 33:61 Delineating the glycoproteome of elongating cotton fiber cells. 26693171 3 36 gly glycoproteins 728:740 arg1 glycoproteins 728:740 18 unique glycoproteins 718:740 18 unique glycoproteins 718:740 In this context we have reanalyzed our glycoproteome dataset with the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases that has led to the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study. 26693171 4 37 gly glycosylation 1094:1106 arg2 data 1128:1131 N-linked glycosylation site identification data 1085:1131 N-linked glycosylation site identification data 1085:1131 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 4 37 gly glycosylation 1094:1106 arg2 site 1108:1111 N-linked glycosylation site identification data 1085:1131 N-linked glycosylation site identification data 1085:1131 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 3 38 theme Gossypium 607:615 arg1 databases 634:642 the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases 545:642 the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases that has led to the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study 545:785 In this context we have reanalyzed our glycoproteome dataset with the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases that has led to the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study. 26693171 4 39 theme site 1108:1111 arg1 data 1128:1131 N-linked glycosylation site identification data 1085:1131 N-linked glycosylation site identification data 1085:1131 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 0 40 theme elongating 33:42 arg1 cells 57:61 elongating cotton fiber cells 33:61 elongating cotton fiber cells 33:61 Delineating the glycoproteome of elongating cotton fiber cells. 26693171 4 41 theme glycoprotein 819:830 arg1 data 847:850 solution based glycoprotein identification data 804:850 solution based glycoprotein identification data 804:850 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 0 42 theme cells 57:61 arg1 glycoproteome 16:28 the glycoproteome 12:28 the glycoproteome of elongating cotton fiber cells 12:61 Delineating the glycoproteome of elongating cotton fiber cells. 26693171 4 43 from Consortium 1169:1178 arg1 available 1136:1144 available 1136:1144 available 1136:1144 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 4 44 theme partner 922:928 arg1 repository 930:939 the PRIDE partner repository 912:939 the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849 912:1278 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 4 44 theme partner 922:928 arg1 Vizcaíno 942:949 Vizcaíno 942:949 Vizcaíno 942:949 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 3 45 theme previous 772:779 arg1 study 781:785 our previous study 768:785 our previous study 768:785 In this context we have reanalyzed our glycoproteome dataset with the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases that has led to the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study. 26693171 4 46 from Consortium 897:906 arg1 PAGE 795:798 The 1D PAGE 788:798 The 1D PAGE 788:798 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 4 46 from Consortium 897:906 arg1 available 864:872 available 864:872 available 864:872 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 0 47 theme fiber 51:55 arg1 cells 57:61 elongating cotton fiber cells 33:61 elongating cotton fiber cells 33:61 Delineating the glycoproteome of elongating cotton fiber cells. 26693171 4 48 theme PRIDE 916:920 arg1 repository 930:939 the PRIDE partner repository 912:939 the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849 912:1278 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 4 48 theme PRIDE 916:920 arg1 Vizcaíno 942:949 Vizcaíno 942:949 Vizcaíno 942:949 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 3 49 theme N-linked 685:692 arg1 sites 708:712 21 N-linked glycosylation sites 682:712 21 N-linked glycosylation sites 682:712 In this context we have reanalyzed our glycoproteome dataset with the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases that has led to the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study. 26693171 4 50 gly glycopeptide 1057:1068 arg2 glycopeptide 1057:1068 glycopeptide approach 1057:1077 glycopeptide approach 1057:1077 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 2 51 theme sequence 342:349 arg1 databases 351:359 species specific protein sequence databases 317:359 species specific protein sequence databases 317:359 Utilizing species specific protein sequence databases in proteomic approaches often leads to additional information that may not be obtained using cross-species databases. 26693171 4 52 theme glycosylation 1094:1106 arg1 data 1128:1131 N-linked glycosylation site identification data 1085:1131 N-linked glycosylation site identification data 1085:1131 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 3 53 theme glycosylation 694:706 arg1 sites 708:712 21 N-linked glycosylation sites 682:712 21 N-linked glycosylation sites 682:712 In this context we have reanalyzed our glycoproteome dataset with the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases that has led to the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study. 26693171 1 54 dep protein 226:232 arg1 identification 266:279 site identification 261:279 site identification 261:279 The data presented here delineates the glycoproteome component in the elongating cotton fiber cells attained using complementary proteomic approaches followed by protein and N-linked glycosylation site identification (Kumar et al., 2013) [1]. 26693171 2 55 theme protein 334:340 arg1 databases 351:359 species specific protein sequence databases 317:359 species specific protein sequence databases 317:359 Utilizing species specific protein sequence databases in proteomic approaches often leads to additional information that may not be obtained using cross-species databases. 26693171 4 56 theme N-linked 1085:1092 arg1 data 1128:1131 N-linked glycosylation site identification data 1085:1131 N-linked glycosylation site identification data 1085:1131 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 1 57 theme N-linked 238:245 arg1 glycosylation 247:259 N-linked glycosylation 238:259 N-linked glycosylation 238:259 The data presented here delineates the glycoproteome component in the elongating cotton fiber cells attained using complementary proteomic approaches followed by protein and N-linked glycosylation site identification (Kumar et al., 2013) [1]. 26693171 4 58 theme PRIDE 1188:1192 arg1 repository  1202:1212 the PRIDE partner repository  1184:1212 the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849 1184:1278 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 2 59 theme specific 325:332 arg1 databases 351:359 species specific protein sequence databases 317:359 species specific protein sequence databases 317:359 Utilizing species specific protein sequence databases in proteomic approaches often leads to additional information that may not be obtained using cross-species databases. 26693171 3 60 link N-linked 685:692 arg1 sites 708:712 21 N-linked glycosylation sites 682:712 21 N-linked glycosylation sites 682:712 In this context we have reanalyzed our glycoproteome dataset with the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases that has led to the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study. 26693171 1 61 dep Kumar 282:286 arg1 [1 302:303 [1 302:303 [1 302:303 The data presented here delineates the glycoproteome component in the elongating cotton fiber cells attained using complementary proteomic approaches followed by protein and N-linked glycosylation site identification (Kumar et al., 2013) [1]. 26693171 1 61 dep Kumar 282:286 arg1 al. 291:293 Kumar et al. 282:293 Kumar et al. 282:293 The data presented here delineates the glycoproteome component in the elongating cotton fiber cells attained using complementary proteomic approaches followed by protein and N-linked glycosylation site identification (Kumar et al., 2013) [1]. 26693171 3 62 theme protein 626:632 arg1 databases 634:642 the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases 545:642 the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases that has led to the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study 545:785 In this context we have reanalyzed our glycoproteome dataset with the Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii (version 2.0) and Gossypium hirsutum protein databases that has led to the identification of 21 N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 unique glycoproteins that were not reported in our previous study. 26693171 1 63 theme cotton 145:150 arg1 cells 158:162 the elongating cotton fiber cells 130:162 the elongating cotton fiber cells attained using complementary proteomic approaches followed by protein and N-linked glycosylation site identification (Kumar et al., 2013) [1] 130:304 The data presented here delineates the glycoproteome component in the elongating cotton fiber cells attained using complementary proteomic approaches followed by protein and N-linked glycosylation site identification (Kumar et al., 2013) [1]. 26693171 2 64 theme additional 400:409 arg1 information 411:421 additional information 400:421 additional information that may not be obtained using cross-species databases 400:476 Utilizing species specific protein sequence databases in proteomic approaches often leads to additional information that may not be obtained using cross-species databases. 26693171 1 65 theme site 261:264 arg1 identification 266:279 site identification 261:279 site identification 261:279 The data presented here delineates the glycoproteome component in the elongating cotton fiber cells attained using complementary proteomic approaches followed by protein and N-linked glycosylation site identification (Kumar et al., 2013) [1]. 26693171 4 66 theme 2D 1016:1017 arg1 based 1079:1083 based 1079:1083 based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849 1079:1278 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 4 66 theme 2D 1016:1017 arg1 PAGE 1019:1022 the 2D PAGE 1012:1022 the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849 1012:1278 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 4 67 theme solution 804:811 arg1 data 847:850 solution based glycoprotein identification data 804:850 solution based glycoprotein identification data 804:850 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 26693171 1 68 theme fiber 152:156 arg1 cells 158:162 the elongating cotton fiber cells 130:162 the elongating cotton fiber cells attained using complementary proteomic approaches followed by protein and N-linked glycosylation site identification (Kumar et al., 2013) [1] 130:304 The data presented here delineates the glycoproteome component in the elongating cotton fiber cells attained using complementary proteomic approaches followed by protein and N-linked glycosylation site identification (Kumar et al., 2013) [1]. 26693171 4 69 theme glycopeptide 1057:1068 arg1 approach 1070:1077 glycopeptide approach 1057:1077 glycopeptide approach 1057:1077 The 1D PAGE and solution based glycoprotein identification data is publicly available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD000178 and the 2D PAGE based protein identification and glycopeptide approach based N-linked glycosylation site identification data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (Vizcaíno et al., 2013) [2] using the dataset identifier PXD002849. 28432890 11 0 theme DOM 1585:1587 arg1 compositions 1564:1575 main compositions 1559:1575 main compositions of soil DOM 1559:1587 FT-IR spectra indicated that main compositions of soil DOM include proteins, polysaccharides and humic substances. 28432890 2 1 dep 41.80 416:420 arg1 indicated 465:473 indicated 465:473 indicated that DOM significantly enhanced the adsorption efficiency of atrazine by soil 465:551 According to the experimental data, the adsorption capacity of Soil + DOM, Soil and DOM were 41.80, 31.45 and 9.35 mg kg-1, separately, which indicated that DOM significantly enhanced the adsorption efficiency of atrazine by soil. 28432890 9 2 theme changes 1342:1348 arg1 order 1320:1324 the order 1316:1324 the order of the spectral changes 1316:1348 2D-COS indicated that the order of the spectral changes were as following: 336 nm > 282 nm. 28432890 10 3 theme protein-like 1479:1490 arg1 fraction 1492:1499 protein-like fraction 1479:1499 protein-like fraction under atrazine surroundings 1479:1527 Furthermore, the fluorescence quenching of humic-like fraction occurred earlier than that of protein-like fraction under atrazine surroundings. 28432890 12 4 theme spectral 1918:1925 arg1 responses 1927:1935 spectral responses 1918:1935 spectral responses 1918:1935 The findings of this study are significant to reveal DOM played an important role in the environmental fate of pesticides during sorption process onto black soil and also provide more useful information for understanding the interaction between DOM and pesticides by using spectral responses. 28432890 1 5 theme black 311:315 arg1 soil 317:320 black soil 311:320 black soil 311:320 This study was aim to investigate the interaction between soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) and atrazine as a kind of pesticides during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 1 6 link soil-derived 197:208 arg1 matter 228:233 soil-derived dissolved organic matter 197:233 soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) 197:239 This study was aim to investigate the interaction between soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) and atrazine as a kind of pesticides during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 1 6 link soil-derived 197:208 arg1 DOM 236:238 DOM 236:238 DOM 236:238 This study was aim to investigate the interaction between soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) and atrazine as a kind of pesticides during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 8 7 theme static 1232:1237 arg1 process 1285:1291 the main quenching process 1266:1291 the main quenching process 1266:1291 Synchronous fluorescence spectra showed that static fluorescence quenching was the main quenching process. 28432890 8 7 theme static 1232:1237 arg1 quenching 1252:1260 static fluorescence quenching 1232:1260 static fluorescence quenching 1232:1260 Synchronous fluorescence spectra showed that static fluorescence quenching was the main quenching process. 28432890 4 8 theme adsorption 660:669 arg1 R2 > 0.99 682:690 R2 > 0.99 682:690 R2 > 0.99 682:690 The adsorption isotherms (R2 > 0.99) had a satisfactory fit in both Langmuir and Freundlich models. 28432890 4 8 theme adsorption 660:669 arg1 isotherms 671:679 The adsorption isotherms 656:679 The adsorption isotherms (R2 > 0.99) 656:691 The adsorption isotherms (R2 > 0.99) had a satisfactory fit in both Langmuir and Freundlich models. 28432890 7 9 theme samples 1108:1114 arg1 fluorescence 1088:1099 The fluorescence 1084:1099 The fluorescence of DOM samples 1084:1114 The fluorescence of DOM samples were gradually quenched with the increased of atrazine concentrations. 28432890 11 10 theme soil 1580:1583 arg1 DOM 1585:1587 soil DOM 1580:1587 soil DOM 1580:1587 FT-IR spectra indicated that main compositions of soil DOM include proteins, polysaccharides and humic substances. 28432890 11 11 theme main 1559:1562 arg1 compositions 1564:1575 main compositions 1559:1575 main compositions of soil DOM 1559:1587 FT-IR spectra indicated that main compositions of soil DOM include proteins, polysaccharides and humic substances. 28432890 0 12 theme atrazine 77:84 arg1 binding 86:92 atrazine binding 77:92 atrazine binding during the sorption process onto black soil 77:136 Characterization of spectral responses of dissolved organic matter (DOM) for atrazine binding during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 7 13 theme DOM 1104:1106 arg1 samples 1108:1114 DOM samples 1104:1114 DOM samples 1104:1114 The fluorescence of DOM samples were gradually quenched with the increased of atrazine concentrations. 28432890 10 14 theme fluorescence 1403:1414 arg1 quenching 1416:1424 the fluorescence quenching 1399:1424 the fluorescence quenching of humic-like fraction 1399:1447 Furthermore, the fluorescence quenching of humic-like fraction occurred earlier than that of protein-like fraction under atrazine surroundings. 28432890 12 15 theme sorption 1774:1781 arg1 process 1783:1789 sorption process 1774:1789 sorption process onto black soil 1774:1805 The findings of this study are significant to reveal DOM played an important role in the environmental fate of pesticides during sorption process onto black soil and also provide more useful information for understanding the interaction between DOM and pesticides by using spectral responses. 28432890 8 16 theme Synchronous 1187:1197 arg1 spectra 1212:1218 Synchronous fluorescence spectra 1187:1218 Synchronous fluorescence spectra 1187:1218 Synchronous fluorescence spectra showed that static fluorescence quenching was the main quenching process. 28432890 5 17 theme excitation-emission 774:792 arg1 3D-EEM 802:807 3D-EEM 802:807 3D-EEM 802:807 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM), synchronous fluorescence, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were selected to analyze the interaction between DOM and atrazine. 28432890 5 17 theme excitation-emission 774:792 arg1 matrix 794:799 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix 756:799 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) 756:808 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM), synchronous fluorescence, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were selected to analyze the interaction between DOM and atrazine. 28432890 4 18 contain had 693:695 arg1 R2 > 0.99 682:690 R2 > 0.99 682:690 R2 > 0.99 682:690 The adsorption isotherms (R2 > 0.99) had a satisfactory fit in both Langmuir and Freundlich models. 28432890 4 18 contain had 693:695 arg1 isotherms 671:679 The adsorption isotherms 656:679 The adsorption isotherms (R2 > 0.99) 656:691 The adsorption isotherms (R2 > 0.99) had a satisfactory fit in both Langmuir and Freundlich models. 28432890 4 18 contain had 693:695 arg2 fit 712:714 a satisfactory fit 697:714 a satisfactory fit 697:714 The adsorption isotherms (R2 > 0.99) had a satisfactory fit in both Langmuir and Freundlich models. 28432890 8 19 theme quenching 1275:1283 arg1 process 1285:1291 the main quenching process 1266:1291 the main quenching process 1266:1291 Synchronous fluorescence spectra showed that static fluorescence quenching was the main quenching process. 28432890 8 19 theme quenching 1275:1283 arg1 quenching 1252:1260 static fluorescence quenching 1232:1260 static fluorescence quenching 1232:1260 Synchronous fluorescence spectra showed that static fluorescence quenching was the main quenching process. 28432890 5 20 dep transform 899:907 arg1 infrared 909:916 infrared 909:916 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 899:937 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM), synchronous fluorescence, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were selected to analyze the interaction between DOM and atrazine. 28432890 8 21 theme main 1270:1273 arg1 process 1285:1291 the main quenching process 1266:1291 the main quenching process 1266:1291 Synchronous fluorescence spectra showed that static fluorescence quenching was the main quenching process. 28432890 8 21 theme main 1270:1273 arg1 quenching 1252:1260 static fluorescence quenching 1232:1260 static fluorescence quenching 1232:1260 Synchronous fluorescence spectra showed that static fluorescence quenching was the main quenching process. 28432890 5 22 theme two-dimensional 837:851 arg1 2D-COS 879:884 2D-COS 879:884 2D-COS 879:884 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM), synchronous fluorescence, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were selected to analyze the interaction between DOM and atrazine. 28432890 5 22 theme two-dimensional 837:851 arg1 spectroscopy 865:876 two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy 837:876 two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) 837:885 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM), synchronous fluorescence, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were selected to analyze the interaction between DOM and atrazine. 28432890 0 23 theme organic 52:58 arg1 DOM 68:70 DOM 68:70 DOM 68:70 Characterization of spectral responses of dissolved organic matter (DOM) for atrazine binding during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 0 23 theme organic 52:58 arg1 matter 60:65 dissolved organic matter 42:65 dissolved organic matter (DOM) 42:71 Characterization of spectral responses of dissolved organic matter (DOM) for atrazine binding during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 9 24 theme spectral 1333:1340 arg1 changes 1342:1348 the spectral changes 1329:1348 the spectral changes 1329:1348 2D-COS indicated that the order of the spectral changes were as following: 336 nm > 282 nm. 28432890 10 25 theme atrazine 1507:1514 arg1 surroundings 1516:1527 atrazine surroundings 1507:1527 atrazine surroundings 1507:1527 Furthermore, the fluorescence quenching of humic-like fraction occurred earlier than that of protein-like fraction under atrazine surroundings. 28432890 6 26 theme DOM 1079:1081 arg1 substances 1041:1050 humic acid-like substances 1025:1050 humic acid-like substances 1025:1050 3D-EEM showed that humic acid-like substances were the main component of DOM. 28432890 6 26 theme DOM 1079:1081 arg1 component 1066:1074 the main component 1057:1074 the main component of DOM 1057:1081 3D-EEM showed that humic acid-like substances were the main component of DOM. 28432890 5 27 theme correlation 853:863 arg1 2D-COS 879:884 2D-COS 879:884 2D-COS 879:884 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM), synchronous fluorescence, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were selected to analyze the interaction between DOM and atrazine. 28432890 5 27 theme correlation 853:863 arg1 spectroscopy 865:876 two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy 837:876 two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) 837:885 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM), synchronous fluorescence, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were selected to analyze the interaction between DOM and atrazine. 28432890 2 28 theme DOM 407:409 arg1 capacity 374:381 the adsorption capacity 359:381 the adsorption capacity of Soil + DOM, Soil and DOM 359:409 According to the experimental data, the adsorption capacity of Soil + DOM, Soil and DOM were 41.80, 31.45 and 9.35 mg kg-1, separately, which indicated that DOM significantly enhanced the adsorption efficiency of atrazine by soil. 28432890 2 28 theme DOM 407:409 arg1 41.80 416:420 41.80 416:420 41.80 416:420 According to the experimental data, the adsorption capacity of Soil + DOM, Soil and DOM were 41.80, 31.45 and 9.35 mg kg-1, separately, which indicated that DOM significantly enhanced the adsorption efficiency of atrazine by soil. 28432890 6 29 theme humic 1025:1029 arg1 substances 1041:1050 humic acid-like substances 1025:1050 humic acid-like substances 1025:1050 3D-EEM showed that humic acid-like substances were the main component of DOM. 28432890 6 29 theme humic 1025:1029 arg1 component 1066:1074 the main component 1057:1074 the main component of DOM 1057:1081 3D-EEM showed that humic acid-like substances were the main component of DOM. 28432890 11 30 theme humic 1627:1631 arg1 substances 1633:1642 humic substances 1627:1642 humic substances 1627:1642 FT-IR spectra indicated that main compositions of soil DOM include proteins, polysaccharides and humic substances. 28432890 4 31 theme satisfactory 699:710 arg1 fit 712:714 a satisfactory fit 697:714 a satisfactory fit 697:714 The adsorption isotherms (R2 > 0.99) had a satisfactory fit in both Langmuir and Freundlich models. 28432890 12 32 theme important 1712:1720 arg1 role 1722:1725 an important role 1709:1725 an important role 1709:1725 The findings of this study are significant to reveal DOM played an important role in the environmental fate of pesticides during sorption process onto black soil and also provide more useful information for understanding the interaction between DOM and pesticides by using spectral responses. 28432890 6 33 theme main 1061:1064 arg1 substances 1041:1050 humic acid-like substances 1025:1050 humic acid-like substances 1025:1050 3D-EEM showed that humic acid-like substances were the main component of DOM. 28432890 6 33 theme main 1061:1064 arg1 component 1066:1074 the main component 1057:1074 the main component of DOM 1057:1081 3D-EEM showed that humic acid-like substances were the main component of DOM. 28432890 10 34 theme fraction 1440:1447 arg1 quenching 1416:1424 the fluorescence quenching 1399:1424 the fluorescence quenching of humic-like fraction 1399:1447 Furthermore, the fluorescence quenching of humic-like fraction occurred earlier than that of protein-like fraction under atrazine surroundings. 28432890 5 35 dep Fourier 891:897 arg1 transform 899:907 transform 899:907 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 899:937 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM), synchronous fluorescence, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were selected to analyze the interaction between DOM and atrazine. 28432890 2 36 theme experimental 340:351 arg1 data 353:356 the experimental data 336:356 the experimental data 336:356 According to the experimental data, the adsorption capacity of Soil + DOM, Soil and DOM were 41.80, 31.45 and 9.35 mg kg-1, separately, which indicated that DOM significantly enhanced the adsorption efficiency of atrazine by soil. 28432890 0 37 theme responses 29:37 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of spectral responses of dissolved organic matter (DOM) for atrazine binding during the sorption process onto black soil. 0:137 Characterization of spectral responses of dissolved organic matter (DOM) for atrazine binding during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 10 38 theme humic-like 1429:1438 arg1 fraction 1440:1447 humic-like fraction 1429:1447 humic-like fraction 1429:1447 Furthermore, the fluorescence quenching of humic-like fraction occurred earlier than that of protein-like fraction under atrazine surroundings. 28432890 2 39 theme Soil + DOM 386:395 arg1 capacity 374:381 the adsorption capacity 359:381 the adsorption capacity of Soil + DOM, Soil and DOM 359:409 According to the experimental data, the adsorption capacity of Soil + DOM, Soil and DOM were 41.80, 31.45 and 9.35 mg kg-1, separately, which indicated that DOM significantly enhanced the adsorption efficiency of atrazine by soil. 28432890 2 39 theme Soil + DOM 386:395 arg1 41.80 416:420 41.80 416:420 41.80 416:420 According to the experimental data, the adsorption capacity of Soil + DOM, Soil and DOM were 41.80, 31.45 and 9.35 mg kg-1, separately, which indicated that DOM significantly enhanced the adsorption efficiency of atrazine by soil. 28432890 0 40 theme spectral 20:27 arg1 responses 29:37 spectral responses 20:37 spectral responses of dissolved organic matter (DOM) 20:71 Characterization of spectral responses of dissolved organic matter (DOM) for atrazine binding during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 0 41 theme sorption 105:112 arg1 process 114:120 the sorption process 101:120 the sorption process 101:120 Characterization of spectral responses of dissolved organic matter (DOM) for atrazine binding during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 4 42 dep both 719:722 arg1 Langmuir 724:731 Langmuir 724:731 Langmuir 724:731 The adsorption isotherms (R2 > 0.99) had a satisfactory fit in both Langmuir and Freundlich models. 28432890 5 43 theme synchronous 811:821 arg1 fluorescence 823:834 synchronous fluorescence 811:834 synchronous fluorescence 811:834 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM), synchronous fluorescence, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were selected to analyze the interaction between DOM and atrazine. 28432890 0 44 theme dissolved 42:50 arg1 DOM 68:70 DOM 68:70 DOM 68:70 Characterization of spectral responses of dissolved organic matter (DOM) for atrazine binding during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 0 44 theme dissolved 42:50 arg1 matter 60:65 dissolved organic matter 42:65 dissolved organic matter (DOM) 42:71 Characterization of spectral responses of dissolved organic matter (DOM) for atrazine binding during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 12 45 theme study 1666:1670 arg1 significant 1676:1686 significant 1676:1686 significant 1676:1686 The findings of this study are significant to reveal DOM played an important role in the environmental fate of pesticides during sorption process onto black soil and also provide more useful information for understanding the interaction between DOM and pesticides by using spectral responses. 28432890 12 45 theme study 1666:1670 arg1 findings 1649:1656 The findings 1645:1656 The findings of this study 1645:1670 The findings of this study are significant to reveal DOM played an important role in the environmental fate of pesticides during sorption process onto black soil and also provide more useful information for understanding the interaction between DOM and pesticides by using spectral responses. 28432890 0 46 theme black 127:131 arg1 soil 133:136 black soil 127:136 black soil 127:136 Characterization of spectral responses of dissolved organic matter (DOM) for atrazine binding during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 4 47 dep models 748:753 arg1 both 719:722 both 719:722 both 719:722 The adsorption isotherms (R2 > 0.99) had a satisfactory fit in both Langmuir and Freundlich models. 28432890 4 47 dep models 748:753 arg1 Freundlich 737:746 Freundlich 737:746 Freundlich 737:746 The adsorption isotherms (R2 > 0.99) had a satisfactory fit in both Langmuir and Freundlich models. 28432890 6 48 theme acid-like 1031:1039 arg1 substances 1041:1050 humic acid-like substances 1025:1050 humic acid-like substances 1025:1050 3D-EEM showed that humic acid-like substances were the main component of DOM. 28432890 6 48 theme acid-like 1031:1039 arg1 component 1066:1074 the main component 1057:1074 the main component of DOM 1057:1081 3D-EEM showed that humic acid-like substances were the main component of DOM. 28432890 1 49 theme pesticides 267:276 arg1 kind 259:262 a kind 257:262 a kind of pesticides 257:276 This study was aim to investigate the interaction between soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) and atrazine as a kind of pesticides during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 1 49 theme pesticides 267:276 arg1 interaction 177:187 the interaction 173:187 the interaction between soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) and atrazine 173:252 This study was aim to investigate the interaction between soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) and atrazine as a kind of pesticides during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 3 50 theme kinetic 596:602 arg1 equation 604:611 the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation 572:611 the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation 572:611 Data implied that the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation could well explain the adsorption process. 28432890 1 51 dep investigate 161:171 arg1 aim 154:156 aim 154:156 aim 154:156 This study was aim to investigate the interaction between soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) and atrazine as a kind of pesticides during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 12 52 dep DOM 1698:1700 arg1 provide 1816:1822 provide 1816:1822 provide more useful information for understanding the interaction between DOM and pesticides by using spectral responses 1816:1935 The findings of this study are significant to reveal DOM played an important role in the environmental fate of pesticides during sorption process onto black soil and also provide more useful information for understanding the interaction between DOM and pesticides by using spectral responses. 28432890 12 52 dep DOM 1698:1700 arg1 played 1702:1707 played 1702:1707 played an important role in the environmental fate of pesticides during sorption process onto black soil 1702:1805 The findings of this study are significant to reveal DOM played an important role in the environmental fate of pesticides during sorption process onto black soil and also provide more useful information for understanding the interaction between DOM and pesticides by using spectral responses. 28432890 1 53 theme soil-derived 197:208 arg1 matter 228:233 soil-derived dissolved organic matter 197:233 soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) 197:239 This study was aim to investigate the interaction between soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) and atrazine as a kind of pesticides during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 1 53 theme soil-derived 197:208 arg1 DOM 236:238 DOM 236:238 DOM 236:238 This study was aim to investigate the interaction between soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) and atrazine as a kind of pesticides during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 0 54 theme matter 60:65 arg1 responses 29:37 spectral responses 20:37 spectral responses of dissolved organic matter (DOM) 20:71 Characterization of spectral responses of dissolved organic matter (DOM) for atrazine binding during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 2 55 theme atrazine 536:543 arg1 efficiency 522:531 the adsorption efficiency 507:531 the adsorption efficiency of atrazine by soil 507:551 According to the experimental data, the adsorption capacity of Soil + DOM, Soil and DOM were 41.80, 31.45 and 9.35 mg kg-1, separately, which indicated that DOM significantly enhanced the adsorption efficiency of atrazine by soil. 28432890 2 56 theme Soil 398:401 arg1 capacity 374:381 the adsorption capacity 359:381 the adsorption capacity of Soil + DOM, Soil and DOM 359:409 According to the experimental data, the adsorption capacity of Soil + DOM, Soil and DOM were 41.80, 31.45 and 9.35 mg kg-1, separately, which indicated that DOM significantly enhanced the adsorption efficiency of atrazine by soil. 28432890 2 56 theme Soil 398:401 arg1 41.80 416:420 41.80 416:420 41.80 416:420 According to the experimental data, the adsorption capacity of Soil + DOM, Soil and DOM were 41.80, 31.45 and 9.35 mg kg-1, separately, which indicated that DOM significantly enhanced the adsorption efficiency of atrazine by soil. 28432890 12 57 theme black 1796:1800 arg1 soil 1802:1805 black soil 1796:1805 black soil 1796:1805 The findings of this study are significant to reveal DOM played an important role in the environmental fate of pesticides during sorption process onto black soil and also provide more useful information for understanding the interaction between DOM and pesticides by using spectral responses. 28432890 3 58 theme adsorption 636:645 arg1 process 647:653 the adsorption process 632:653 the adsorption process 632:653 Data implied that the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation could well explain the adsorption process. 28432890 12 59 theme pesticides 1756:1765 arg1 fate 1748:1751 the environmental fate 1730:1751 the environmental fate of pesticides during sorption process onto black soil 1730:1805 The findings of this study are significant to reveal DOM played an important role in the environmental fate of pesticides during sorption process onto black soil and also provide more useful information for understanding the interaction between DOM and pesticides by using spectral responses. 28432890 1 60 theme sorption 289:296 arg1 process 298:304 the sorption process 285:304 the sorption process onto black soil 285:320 This study was aim to investigate the interaction between soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) and atrazine as a kind of pesticides during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 1 61 theme dissolved 210:218 arg1 matter 228:233 soil-derived dissolved organic matter 197:233 soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) 197:239 This study was aim to investigate the interaction between soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) and atrazine as a kind of pesticides during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 1 61 theme dissolved 210:218 arg1 DOM 236:238 DOM 236:238 DOM 236:238 This study was aim to investigate the interaction between soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) and atrazine as a kind of pesticides during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 2 62 theme adsorption 511:520 arg1 efficiency 522:531 the adsorption efficiency 507:531 the adsorption efficiency of atrazine by soil 507:551 According to the experimental data, the adsorption capacity of Soil + DOM, Soil and DOM were 41.80, 31.45 and 9.35 mg kg-1, separately, which indicated that DOM significantly enhanced the adsorption efficiency of atrazine by soil. 28432890 3 63 theme pseudo-second-order 576:594 arg1 equation 604:611 the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation 572:611 the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation 572:611 Data implied that the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation could well explain the adsorption process. 28432890 8 64 theme fluorescence 1239:1250 arg1 process 1285:1291 the main quenching process 1266:1291 the main quenching process 1266:1291 Synchronous fluorescence spectra showed that static fluorescence quenching was the main quenching process. 28432890 8 64 theme fluorescence 1239:1250 arg1 quenching 1252:1260 static fluorescence quenching 1232:1260 static fluorescence quenching 1232:1260 Synchronous fluorescence spectra showed that static fluorescence quenching was the main quenching process. 28432890 1 65 theme organic 220:226 arg1 matter 228:233 soil-derived dissolved organic matter 197:233 soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) 197:239 This study was aim to investigate the interaction between soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) and atrazine as a kind of pesticides during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 1 65 theme organic 220:226 arg1 DOM 236:238 DOM 236:238 DOM 236:238 This study was aim to investigate the interaction between soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) and atrazine as a kind of pesticides during the sorption process onto black soil. 28432890 2 66 theme adsorption 363:372 arg1 capacity 374:381 the adsorption capacity 359:381 the adsorption capacity of Soil + DOM, Soil and DOM 359:409 According to the experimental data, the adsorption capacity of Soil + DOM, Soil and DOM were 41.80, 31.45 and 9.35 mg kg-1, separately, which indicated that DOM significantly enhanced the adsorption efficiency of atrazine by soil. 28432890 2 66 theme adsorption 363:372 arg1 41.80 416:420 41.80 416:420 41.80 416:420 According to the experimental data, the adsorption capacity of Soil + DOM, Soil and DOM were 41.80, 31.45 and 9.35 mg kg-1, separately, which indicated that DOM significantly enhanced the adsorption efficiency of atrazine by soil. 28432890 12 67 theme useful 1829:1834 arg1 information 1836:1846 more useful information 1824:1846 more useful information for understanding the interaction between DOM and pesticides by using spectral responses 1824:1935 The findings of this study are significant to reveal DOM played an important role in the environmental fate of pesticides during sorption process onto black soil and also provide more useful information for understanding the interaction between DOM and pesticides by using spectral responses. 28432890 11 68 theme FT-IR 1530:1534 arg1 spectra 1536:1542 FT-IR spectra 1530:1542 FT-IR spectra 1530:1542 FT-IR spectra indicated that main compositions of soil DOM include proteins, polysaccharides and humic substances. 28432890 5 69 theme Three-dimensional 756:772 arg1 3D-EEM 802:807 3D-EEM 802:807 3D-EEM 802:807 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM), synchronous fluorescence, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were selected to analyze the interaction between DOM and atrazine. 28432890 5 69 theme Three-dimensional 756:772 arg1 matrix 794:799 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix 756:799 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) 756:808 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM), synchronous fluorescence, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were selected to analyze the interaction between DOM and atrazine. 28432890 9 70 dep following 1358:1366 arg1 336 nm > 282 nm 1369:1383 336 nm > 282 nm 1369:1383 following: 336 nm > 282 nm 1358:1383 2D-COS indicated that the order of the spectral changes were as following: 336 nm > 282 nm. 28432890 8 71 theme fluorescence 1199:1210 arg1 spectra 1212:1218 Synchronous fluorescence spectra 1187:1218 Synchronous fluorescence spectra 1187:1218 Synchronous fluorescence spectra showed that static fluorescence quenching was the main quenching process. 28432890 7 72 theme atrazine 1162:1169 arg1 concentrations 1171:1184 atrazine concentrations 1162:1184 atrazine concentrations 1162:1184 The fluorescence of DOM samples were gradually quenched with the increased of atrazine concentrations. 28432890 12 73 theme environmental 1734:1746 arg1 fate 1748:1751 the environmental fate 1730:1751 the environmental fate of pesticides during sorption process onto black soil 1730:1805 The findings of this study are significant to reveal DOM played an important role in the environmental fate of pesticides during sorption process onto black soil and also provide more useful information for understanding the interaction between DOM and pesticides by using spectral responses. 27621725 10 0 theme 16S 1417:1419 arg1 similarity 1440:1449 a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1411:1449 a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1411:1449 At a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the pyrosequencing data encompassed 77.3% of the isolates but the isolates represented only 10.3% of the actinobacterial reads. 27621725 7 1 theme total 1094:1098 arg1 nitrogen 1100:1107 total nitrogen 1094:1107 total nitrogen 1094:1107 The community structure showed significant correlations to geochemical factors, notably pH, calcium, total organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, rather than to spatial distance at the scale of the investigation. 27621725 7 1 theme total 1094:1098 arg1 factors 1020:1026 geochemical factors 1008:1026 geochemical factors 1008:1026 The community structure showed significant correlations to geochemical factors, notably pH, calcium, total organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, rather than to spatial distance at the scale of the investigation. 27621725 12 2 theme polycyclic 1914:1923 arg1 hydrocarbons 1934:1945 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 1914:1945 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 1914:1945 More than half of the isolates spanning 23 genera and all samples demonstrated activity in the degradation of refractory organics, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polysaccharides, suggesting their potential ecological functions and biotechnological applications for carbon recycling. 27621725 7 3 theme total 1072:1076 arg1 factors 1020:1026 geochemical factors 1008:1026 geochemical factors 1008:1026 The community structure showed significant correlations to geochemical factors, notably pH, calcium, total organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, rather than to spatial distance at the scale of the investigation. 27621725 7 3 theme total 1072:1076 arg1 phosphorus 1078:1087 total phosphorus 1072:1087 total phosphorus 1072:1087 The community structure showed significant correlations to geochemical factors, notably pH, calcium, total organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, rather than to spatial distance at the scale of the investigation. 27621725 4 4 theme 16S 647:649 arg1 sequences 670:678 all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences 633:678 all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in each sample 633:693 Actinobacterial sequences represented 1.2-9.1% of all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in each sample. 27621725 11 5 theme new 1696:1698 arg1 orders 1700:1705 at least four new orders 1682:1705 at least four new orders within the phylum Actinobacteria 1682:1738 Phylogenetic analysis of all the representative actinobacterial sequences and isolates indicated that at least four new orders within the phylum Actinobacteria were detected by pyrosequencing. 27621725 4 6 from % 628:628 arg1 sample 688:693 each sample 683:693 each sample 683:693 Actinobacterial sequences represented 1.2-9.1% of all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in each sample. 27621725 12 7 theme refractory 1883:1892 arg1 organics 1894:1901 refractory organics 1883:1901 refractory organics 1883:1901 More than half of the isolates spanning 23 genera and all samples demonstrated activity in the degradation of refractory organics, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polysaccharides, suggesting their potential ecological functions and biotechnological applications for carbon recycling. 27621725 8 8 theme Actinobacteria 1209:1222 arg1 class 1224:1228 the Actinobacteria class 1205:1228 the Actinobacteria class 1205:1228 In addition, 176 strains of the Actinobacteria class, belonging to 9 known orders, 18 families, and 29 genera, were isolated. 27621725 7 9 theme total 1050:1054 arg1 factors 1020:1026 geochemical factors 1008:1026 geochemical factors 1008:1026 The community structure showed significant correlations to geochemical factors, notably pH, calcium, total organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, rather than to spatial distance at the scale of the investigation. 27621725 7 9 theme total 1050:1054 arg1 carbon 1064:1069 total organic carbon 1050:1069 total organic carbon 1050:1069 The community structure showed significant correlations to geochemical factors, notably pH, calcium, total organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, rather than to spatial distance at the scale of the investigation. 27621725 10 10 theme isolates 1501:1508 arg1 % 1492:1492 77.3% 1488:1492 77.3% of the isolates 1488:1508 At a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the pyrosequencing data encompassed 77.3% of the isolates but the isolates represented only 10.3% of the actinobacterial reads. 27621725 10 10 theme isolates 1501:1508 arg1 isolates 1501:1508 the isolates 1497:1508 the isolates 1497:1508 At a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the pyrosequencing data encompassed 77.3% of the isolates but the isolates represented only 10.3% of the actinobacterial reads. 27621725 11 11 theme phylum 1718:1723 arg1 Actinobacteria 1725:1738 the phylum Actinobacteria 1714:1738 the phylum Actinobacteria 1714:1738 Phylogenetic analysis of all the representative actinobacterial sequences and isolates indicated that at least four new orders within the phylum Actinobacteria were detected by pyrosequencing. 27621725 1 12 from abundant 197:204 arg1 sediments 221:229 deep marine sediments 209:229 deep marine sediments 209:229 The phylum Actinobacteria has been reported to be common or even abundant in deep marine sediments, however, knowledge about the diversity, distribution, and function of actinobacteria is limited. 27621725 7 13 dep factors 1020:1026 arg1 pH 1037:1038 pH 1037:1038 pH 1037:1038 The community structure showed significant correlations to geochemical factors, notably pH, calcium, total organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, rather than to spatial distance at the scale of the investigation. 27621725 7 14 theme significant 980:990 arg1 correlations 992:1003 significant correlations 980:1003 significant correlations to geochemical factors, notably pH, calcium, total organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, rather than to spatial distance 980:1140 The community structure showed significant correlations to geochemical factors, notably pH, calcium, total organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, rather than to spatial distance at the scale of the investigation. 27621725 6 15 theme community 896:904 arg1 compositions 906:917 actinobacterial community compositions 880:917 actinobacterial community compositions 880:917 Differences in actinobacterial community compositions were found among the samples. 27621725 12 16 theme biotechnological 2020:2035 arg1 applications 2037:2048 biotechnological applications 2020:2048 biotechnological applications for carbon recycling 2020:2069 More than half of the isolates spanning 23 genera and all samples demonstrated activity in the degradation of refractory organics, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polysaccharides, suggesting their potential ecological functions and biotechnological applications for carbon recycling. 27621725 11 17 theme sequences 1644:1652 arg1 analysis 1593:1600 Phylogenetic analysis 1580:1600 Phylogenetic analysis of all the representative actinobacterial sequences and isolates 1580:1665 Phylogenetic analysis of all the representative actinobacterial sequences and isolates indicated that at least four new orders within the phylum Actinobacteria were detected by pyrosequencing. 27621725 8 18 theme known 1246:1250 arg1 genera 1280:1285 29 genera 1277:1285 29 genera 1277:1285 In addition, 176 strains of the Actinobacteria class, belonging to 9 known orders, 18 families, and 29 genera, were isolated. 27621725 8 18 theme known 1246:1250 arg1 orders 1252:1257 9 known orders 1244:1257 9 known orders 1244:1257 In addition, 176 strains of the Actinobacteria class, belonging to 9 known orders, 18 families, and 29 genera, were isolated. 27621725 8 18 theme known 1246:1250 arg1 families 1263:1270 18 families 1260:1270 18 families 1260:1270 In addition, 176 strains of the Actinobacteria class, belonging to 9 known orders, 18 families, and 29 genera, were isolated. 27621725 2 19 theme rRNA 458:461 arg1 pyrosequencing 468:481 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing 454:481 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing 454:481 In this study, actinobacterial diversity in the deep sea along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) was investigated using both 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and culture-based methods. 27621725 4 20 theme gene 656:659 arg1 sequences 670:678 all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences 633:678 all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in each sample 633:693 Actinobacterial sequences represented 1.2-9.1% of all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in each sample. 27621725 11 21 theme representative 1613:1626 arg1 sequences 1644:1652 all the representative actinobacterial sequences 1605:1652 all the representative actinobacterial sequences 1605:1652 Phylogenetic analysis of all the representative actinobacterial sequences and isolates indicated that at least four new orders within the phylum Actinobacteria were detected by pyrosequencing. 27621725 0 22 theme Actinobacteria 57:70 arg1 Biogeography 11:22 Biogeography 11:22 Biogeography 11:22 Diversity, Biogeography, and Biodegradation Potential of Actinobacteria in the Deep-Sea Sediments along the Southwest Indian Ridge. 27621725 0 22 theme Actinobacteria 57:70 arg1 Diversity 0:8 Diversity 0:8 Diversity 0:8 Diversity, Biogeography, and Biodegradation Potential of Actinobacteria in the Deep-Sea Sediments along the Southwest Indian Ridge. 27621725 0 22 theme Actinobacteria 57:70 arg1 Potential 44:52 Biodegradation Potential 29:52 Biodegradation Potential 29:52 Diversity, Biogeography, and Biodegradation Potential of Actinobacteria in the Deep-Sea Sediments along the Southwest Indian Ridge. 27621725 1 23 theme actinobacteria 302:315 arg1 distribution 272:283 distribution 272:283 distribution 272:283 The phylum Actinobacteria has been reported to be common or even abundant in deep marine sediments, however, knowledge about the diversity, distribution, and function of actinobacteria is limited. 27621725 1 23 theme actinobacteria 302:315 arg1 function 290:297 function 290:297 function 290:297 The phylum Actinobacteria has been reported to be common or even abundant in deep marine sediments, however, knowledge about the diversity, distribution, and function of actinobacteria is limited. 27621725 1 23 theme actinobacteria 302:315 arg1 diversity 261:269 diversity 261:269 diversity 261:269 The phylum Actinobacteria has been reported to be common or even abundant in deep marine sediments, however, knowledge about the diversity, distribution, and function of actinobacteria is limited. 27621725 5 24 theme genera 765:770 arg1 total 698:702 A total 696:702 A total of 5 actinobacterial classes, 17 orders, 28 families, and 52 genera 696:770 A total of 5 actinobacterial classes, 17 orders, 28 families, and 52 genera were detected by pyrosequencing, dominated by the classes Acidimicrobiia and Actinobacteria. 27621725 0 25 from Biogeography 11:22 arg1 Sediments 88:96 the Deep-Sea Sediments 75:96 the Deep-Sea Sediments along the Southwest Indian Ridge 75:129 Diversity, Biogeography, and Biodegradation Potential of Actinobacteria in the Deep-Sea Sediments along the Southwest Indian Ridge. 27621725 4 26 theme sequences 670:678 arg1 % 628:628 1.2-9.1% 621:628 1.2-9.1% of all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in each sample 621:693 Actinobacterial sequences represented 1.2-9.1% of all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in each sample. 27621725 4 26 theme sequences 670:678 arg1 sequences 670:678 all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences 633:678 all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in each sample 633:693 Actinobacterial sequences represented 1.2-9.1% of all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in each sample. 27621725 2 27 theme culture-based 487:499 arg1 methods 501:507 culture-based methods 487:507 culture-based methods 487:507 In this study, actinobacterial diversity in the deep sea along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) was investigated using both 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and culture-based methods. 27621725 0 28 from Diversity 0:8 arg1 Sediments 88:96 the Deep-Sea Sediments 75:96 the Deep-Sea Sediments along the Southwest Indian Ridge 75:129 Diversity, Biogeography, and Biodegradation Potential of Actinobacteria in the Deep-Sea Sediments along the Southwest Indian Ridge. 27621725 11 29 theme isolates 1658:1665 arg1 analysis 1593:1600 Phylogenetic analysis 1580:1600 Phylogenetic analysis of all the representative actinobacterial sequences and isolates 1580:1665 Phylogenetic analysis of all the representative actinobacterial sequences and isolates indicated that at least four new orders within the phylum Actinobacteria were detected by pyrosequencing. 27621725 0 30 from Potential 44:52 arg1 Sediments 88:96 the Deep-Sea Sediments 75:96 the Deep-Sea Sediments along the Southwest Indian Ridge 75:129 Diversity, Biogeography, and Biodegradation Potential of Actinobacteria in the Deep-Sea Sediments along the Southwest Indian Ridge. 27621725 0 31 theme Biodegradation 29:42 arg1 Potential 44:52 Biodegradation Potential 29:52 Biodegradation Potential 29:52 Diversity, Biogeography, and Biodegradation Potential of Actinobacteria in the Deep-Sea Sediments along the Southwest Indian Ridge. 27621725 12 32 theme isolates 1795:1802 arg1 half 1783:1786 More than half 1773:1786 More than half of the isolates spanning 23 genera and all samples 1773:1837 More than half of the isolates spanning 23 genera and all samples demonstrated activity in the degradation of refractory organics, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polysaccharides, suggesting their potential ecological functions and biotechnological applications for carbon recycling. 27621725 2 33 theme Indian 406:411 arg1 Ridge 413:417 the Southwest Indian Ridge 392:417 the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) 392:424 In this study, actinobacterial diversity in the deep sea along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) was investigated using both 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and culture-based methods. 27621725 2 33 theme Indian 406:411 arg1 SWIR 420:423 SWIR 420:423 SWIR 420:423 In this study, actinobacterial diversity in the deep sea along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) was investigated using both 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and culture-based methods. 27621725 5 34 dep classes 822:828 arg1 classes 822:828 the classes Acidimicrobiia and Actinobacteria 818:862 the classes Acidimicrobiia and Actinobacteria 818:862 A total of 5 actinobacterial classes, 17 orders, 28 families, and 52 genera were detected by pyrosequencing, dominated by the classes Acidimicrobiia and Actinobacteria. 27621725 5 34 dep classes 822:828 arg1 Actinobacteria 849:862 Actinobacteria 849:862 Actinobacteria 849:862 A total of 5 actinobacterial classes, 17 orders, 28 families, and 52 genera were detected by pyrosequencing, dominated by the classes Acidimicrobiia and Actinobacteria. 27621725 5 34 dep classes 822:828 arg1 Acidimicrobiia 830:843 Acidimicrobiia 830:843 Acidimicrobiia 830:843 A total of 5 actinobacterial classes, 17 orders, 28 families, and 52 genera were detected by pyrosequencing, dominated by the classes Acidimicrobiia and Actinobacteria. 27621725 7 35 theme spatial 1125:1131 arg1 distance 1133:1140 spatial distance 1125:1140 spatial distance 1125:1140 The community structure showed significant correlations to geochemical factors, notably pH, calcium, total organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, rather than to spatial distance at the scale of the investigation. 27621725 11 36 theme Phylogenetic 1580:1591 arg1 analysis 1593:1600 Phylogenetic analysis 1580:1600 Phylogenetic analysis of all the representative actinobacterial sequences and isolates 1580:1665 Phylogenetic analysis of all the representative actinobacterial sequences and isolates indicated that at least four new orders within the phylum Actinobacteria were detected by pyrosequencing. 27621725 12 37 theme than 1778:1781 arg1 half 1783:1786 More than half 1773:1786 More than half of the isolates spanning 23 genera and all samples 1773:1837 More than half of the isolates spanning 23 genera and all samples demonstrated activity in the degradation of refractory organics, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polysaccharides, suggesting their potential ecological functions and biotechnological applications for carbon recycling. 27621725 2 38 from diversity 360:368 arg1 sea 382:384 the deep sea 373:384 the deep sea 373:384 In this study, actinobacterial diversity in the deep sea along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) was investigated using both 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and culture-based methods. 27621725 10 39 theme % 1415:1415 arg1 similarity 1440:1449 a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1411:1449 a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1411:1449 At a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the pyrosequencing data encompassed 77.3% of the isolates but the isolates represented only 10.3% of the actinobacterial reads. 27621725 5 40 theme classes 725:731 arg1 total 698:702 A total 696:702 A total of 5 actinobacterial classes, 17 orders, 28 families, and 52 genera 696:770 A total of 5 actinobacterial classes, 17 orders, 28 families, and 52 genera were detected by pyrosequencing, dominated by the classes Acidimicrobiia and Actinobacteria. 27621725 5 41 theme families 748:755 arg1 total 698:702 A total 696:702 A total of 5 actinobacterial classes, 17 orders, 28 families, and 52 genera 696:770 A total of 5 actinobacterial classes, 17 orders, 28 families, and 52 genera were detected by pyrosequencing, dominated by the classes Acidimicrobiia and Actinobacteria. 27621725 4 42 from sample 688:693 arg1 % 628:628 1.2-9.1% 621:628 1.2-9.1% of all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in each sample 621:693 Actinobacterial sequences represented 1.2-9.1% of all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in each sample. 27621725 4 42 from sample 688:693 arg1 sequences 670:678 all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences 633:678 all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in each sample 633:693 Actinobacterial sequences represented 1.2-9.1% of all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in each sample. 27621725 1 43 theme deep 209:212 arg1 sediments 221:229 deep marine sediments 209:229 deep marine sediments 209:229 The phylum Actinobacteria has been reported to be common or even abundant in deep marine sediments, however, knowledge about the diversity, distribution, and function of actinobacteria is limited. 27621725 10 44 theme sequence 1431:1438 arg1 similarity 1440:1449 a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1411:1449 a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1411:1449 At a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the pyrosequencing data encompassed 77.3% of the isolates but the isolates represented only 10.3% of the actinobacterial reads. 27621725 9 45 theme cultivated 1315:1324 arg1 taxa 1326:1329 these cultivated taxa 1309:1329 these cultivated taxa 1309:1329 Among these cultivated taxa, 8 orders, 13 families, and 15 genera were also recovered by pyrosequencing. 27621725 12 46 theme aromatic 1925:1932 arg1 hydrocarbons 1934:1945 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 1914:1945 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 1914:1945 More than half of the isolates spanning 23 genera and all samples demonstrated activity in the degradation of refractory organics, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polysaccharides, suggesting their potential ecological functions and biotechnological applications for carbon recycling. 27621725 6 47 theme actinobacterial 880:894 arg1 compositions 906:917 actinobacterial community compositions 880:917 actinobacterial community compositions 880:917 Differences in actinobacterial community compositions were found among the samples. 27621725 10 48 theme rRNA 1421:1424 arg1 similarity 1440:1449 a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1411:1449 a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1411:1449 At a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the pyrosequencing data encompassed 77.3% of the isolates but the isolates represented only 10.3% of the actinobacterial reads. 27621725 7 49 theme investigation 1162:1174 arg1 scale 1149:1153 the scale 1145:1153 the scale of the investigation 1145:1174 The community structure showed significant correlations to geochemical factors, notably pH, calcium, total organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, rather than to spatial distance at the scale of the investigation. 27621725 10 50 theme pyrosequencing 1456:1469 arg1 data 1471:1474 the pyrosequencing data 1452:1474 the pyrosequencing data 1452:1474 At a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the pyrosequencing data encompassed 77.3% of the isolates but the isolates represented only 10.3% of the actinobacterial reads. 27621725 12 51 theme organics 1894:1901 arg1 degradation 1868:1878 the degradation 1864:1878 the degradation of refractory organics, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polysaccharides 1864:1965 More than half of the isolates spanning 23 genera and all samples demonstrated activity in the degradation of refractory organics, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polysaccharides, suggesting their potential ecological functions and biotechnological applications for carbon recycling. 27621725 12 52 theme potential 1985:1993 arg1 functions 2006:2014 their potential ecological functions 1979:2014 their potential ecological functions 1979:2014 More than half of the isolates spanning 23 genera and all samples demonstrated activity in the degradation of refractory organics, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polysaccharides, suggesting their potential ecological functions and biotechnological applications for carbon recycling. 27621725 7 53 theme organic 1056:1062 arg1 factors 1020:1026 geochemical factors 1008:1026 geochemical factors 1008:1026 The community structure showed significant correlations to geochemical factors, notably pH, calcium, total organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, rather than to spatial distance at the scale of the investigation. 27621725 7 53 theme organic 1056:1062 arg1 carbon 1064:1069 total organic carbon 1050:1069 total organic carbon 1050:1069 The community structure showed significant correlations to geochemical factors, notably pH, calcium, total organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, rather than to spatial distance at the scale of the investigation. 27621725 4 54 theme microbial 637:645 arg1 sequences 670:678 all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences 633:678 all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in each sample 633:693 Actinobacterial sequences represented 1.2-9.1% of all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in each sample. 27621725 3 55 theme m 560:560 arg1 depths 540:545 depths 540:545 depths of 1662-4000 m below water surface 540:580 The samples were collected at depths of 1662-4000 m below water surface. 27621725 12 56 theme samples 1831:1837 arg1 half 1783:1786 More than half 1773:1786 More than half of the isolates spanning 23 genera and all samples 1773:1837 More than half of the isolates spanning 23 genera and all samples demonstrated activity in the degradation of refractory organics, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polysaccharides, suggesting their potential ecological functions and biotechnological applications for carbon recycling. 27621725 12 57 theme carbon 2054:2059 arg1 recycling 2061:2069 carbon recycling 2054:2069 carbon recycling 2054:2069 More than half of the isolates spanning 23 genera and all samples demonstrated activity in the degradation of refractory organics, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polysaccharides, suggesting their potential ecological functions and biotechnological applications for carbon recycling. 27621725 1 58 from sediments 221:229 arg1 Actinobacteria 143:156 The phylum Actinobacteria 132:156 The phylum Actinobacteria 132:156 The phylum Actinobacteria has been reported to be common or even abundant in deep marine sediments, however, knowledge about the diversity, distribution, and function of actinobacteria is limited. 27621725 1 58 from sediments 221:229 arg1 common 182:187 common 182:187 common 182:187 The phylum Actinobacteria has been reported to be common or even abundant in deep marine sediments, however, knowledge about the diversity, distribution, and function of actinobacteria is limited. 27621725 1 58 from sediments 221:229 arg1 abundant 197:204 abundant 197:204 abundant 197:204 The phylum Actinobacteria has been reported to be common or even abundant in deep marine sediments, however, knowledge about the diversity, distribution, and function of actinobacteria is limited. 27621725 7 59 theme geochemical 1008:1018 arg1 nitrogen 1100:1107 total nitrogen 1094:1107 total nitrogen 1094:1107 The community structure showed significant correlations to geochemical factors, notably pH, calcium, total organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, rather than to spatial distance at the scale of the investigation. 27621725 7 59 theme geochemical 1008:1018 arg1 factors 1020:1026 geochemical factors 1008:1026 geochemical factors 1008:1026 The community structure showed significant correlations to geochemical factors, notably pH, calcium, total organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, rather than to spatial distance at the scale of the investigation. 27621725 7 59 theme geochemical 1008:1018 arg1 carbon 1064:1069 total organic carbon 1050:1069 total organic carbon 1050:1069 The community structure showed significant correlations to geochemical factors, notably pH, calcium, total organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, rather than to spatial distance at the scale of the investigation. 27621725 7 59 theme geochemical 1008:1018 arg1 phosphorus 1078:1087 total phosphorus 1072:1087 total phosphorus 1072:1087 The community structure showed significant correlations to geochemical factors, notably pH, calcium, total organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, rather than to spatial distance at the scale of the investigation. 27621725 7 59 theme geochemical 1008:1018 arg1 calcium 1041:1047 calcium 1041:1047 calcium 1041:1047 The community structure showed significant correlations to geochemical factors, notably pH, calcium, total organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, rather than to spatial distance at the scale of the investigation. 27621725 1 60 dep diversity 261:269 arg1 the 257:259 the 257:259 the 257:259 The phylum Actinobacteria has been reported to be common or even abundant in deep marine sediments, however, knowledge about the diversity, distribution, and function of actinobacteria is limited. 27621725 12 61 theme ecological 1995:2004 arg1 functions 2006:2014 their potential ecological functions 1979:2014 their potential ecological functions 1979:2014 More than half of the isolates spanning 23 genera and all samples demonstrated activity in the degradation of refractory organics, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polysaccharides, suggesting their potential ecological functions and biotechnological applications for carbon recycling. 27621725 5 62 theme actinobacterial 709:723 arg1 classes 725:731 5 actinobacterial classes 707:731 5 actinobacterial classes 707:731 A total of 5 actinobacterial classes, 17 orders, 28 families, and 52 genera were detected by pyrosequencing, dominated by the classes Acidimicrobiia and Actinobacteria. 27621725 3 63 theme water 568:572 arg1 surface 574:580 water surface 568:580 water surface 568:580 The samples were collected at depths of 1662-4000 m below water surface. 27621725 1 64 theme phylum 136:141 arg1 Actinobacteria 143:156 The phylum Actinobacteria 132:156 The phylum Actinobacteria 132:156 The phylum Actinobacteria has been reported to be common or even abundant in deep marine sediments, however, knowledge about the diversity, distribution, and function of actinobacteria is limited. 27621725 1 64 theme phylum 136:141 arg1 common 182:187 common 182:187 common 182:187 The phylum Actinobacteria has been reported to be common or even abundant in deep marine sediments, however, knowledge about the diversity, distribution, and function of actinobacteria is limited. 27621725 1 64 theme phylum 136:141 arg1 abundant 197:204 abundant 197:204 abundant 197:204 The phylum Actinobacteria has been reported to be common or even abundant in deep marine sediments, however, knowledge about the diversity, distribution, and function of actinobacteria is limited. 27621725 2 65 theme 16S 454:456 arg1 rRNA 458:461 16S rRNA 454:461 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing 454:481 In this study, actinobacterial diversity in the deep sea along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) was investigated using both 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and culture-based methods. 27621725 4 66 theme rRNA 651:654 arg1 sequences 670:678 all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences 633:678 all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in each sample 633:693 Actinobacterial sequences represented 1.2-9.1% of all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in each sample. 27621725 11 67 theme actinobacterial 1628:1642 arg1 sequences 1644:1652 all the representative actinobacterial sequences 1605:1652 all the representative actinobacterial sequences 1605:1652 Phylogenetic analysis of all the representative actinobacterial sequences and isolates indicated that at least four new orders within the phylum Actinobacteria were detected by pyrosequencing. 27621725 0 68 theme Deep-Sea 79:86 arg1 Sediments 88:96 the Deep-Sea Sediments 75:96 the Deep-Sea Sediments along the Southwest Indian Ridge 75:129 Diversity, Biogeography, and Biodegradation Potential of Actinobacteria in the Deep-Sea Sediments along the Southwest Indian Ridge. 27621725 7 69 theme community 953:961 arg1 structure 963:971 The community structure 949:971 The community structure 949:971 The community structure showed significant correlations to geochemical factors, notably pH, calcium, total organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, rather than to spatial distance at the scale of the investigation. 27621725 0 70 theme Indian 118:123 arg1 Ridge 125:129 the Southwest Indian Ridge 104:129 the Southwest Indian Ridge 104:129 Diversity, Biogeography, and Biodegradation Potential of Actinobacteria in the Deep-Sea Sediments along the Southwest Indian Ridge. 27621725 4 71 theme amplicon 661:668 arg1 sequences 670:678 all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences 633:678 all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in each sample 633:693 Actinobacterial sequences represented 1.2-9.1% of all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in each sample. 27621725 0 72 theme Southwest 108:116 arg1 Ridge 125:129 the Southwest Indian Ridge 104:129 the Southwest Indian Ridge 104:129 Diversity, Biogeography, and Biodegradation Potential of Actinobacteria in the Deep-Sea Sediments along the Southwest Indian Ridge. 27621725 2 73 theme gene 463:466 arg1 pyrosequencing 468:481 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing 454:481 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing 454:481 In this study, actinobacterial diversity in the deep sea along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) was investigated using both 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and culture-based methods. 27621725 6 74 from Differences 865:875 arg1 compositions 906:917 actinobacterial community compositions 880:917 actinobacterial community compositions 880:917 Differences in actinobacterial community compositions were found among the samples. 27621725 10 75 dep actinobacterial 1557:1571 arg1 reads 1573:1577 reads 1573:1577 reads 1573:1577 At a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the pyrosequencing data encompassed 77.3% of the isolates but the isolates represented only 10.3% of the actinobacterial reads. 27621725 2 76 theme actinobacterial 344:358 arg1 diversity 360:368 actinobacterial diversity 344:368 actinobacterial diversity in the deep sea along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) 344:424 In this study, actinobacterial diversity in the deep sea along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) was investigated using both 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and culture-based methods. 27621725 12 77 theme More 1773:1776 arg1 half 1783:1786 More than half 1773:1786 More than half of the isolates spanning 23 genera and all samples 1773:1837 More than half of the isolates spanning 23 genera and all samples demonstrated activity in the degradation of refractory organics, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polysaccharides, suggesting their potential ecological functions and biotechnological applications for carbon recycling. 27621725 2 78 theme Southwest 396:404 arg1 Ridge 413:417 the Southwest Indian Ridge 392:417 the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) 392:424 In this study, actinobacterial diversity in the deep sea along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) was investigated using both 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and culture-based methods. 27621725 2 78 theme Southwest 396:404 arg1 SWIR 420:423 SWIR 420:423 SWIR 420:423 In this study, actinobacterial diversity in the deep sea along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) was investigated using both 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and culture-based methods. 27621725 5 79 theme orders 737:742 arg1 total 698:702 A total 696:702 A total of 5 actinobacterial classes, 17 orders, 28 families, and 52 genera 696:770 A total of 5 actinobacterial classes, 17 orders, 28 families, and 52 genera were detected by pyrosequencing, dominated by the classes Acidimicrobiia and Actinobacteria. 27621725 1 80 dep common 182:187 arg1 Actinobacteria 143:156 The phylum Actinobacteria 132:156 The phylum Actinobacteria 132:156 The phylum Actinobacteria has been reported to be common or even abundant in deep marine sediments, however, knowledge about the diversity, distribution, and function of actinobacteria is limited. 27621725 1 80 dep common 182:187 arg1 common 182:187 common 182:187 common 182:187 The phylum Actinobacteria has been reported to be common or even abundant in deep marine sediments, however, knowledge about the diversity, distribution, and function of actinobacteria is limited. 27621725 1 80 dep common 182:187 arg1 abundant 197:204 abundant 197:204 abundant 197:204 The phylum Actinobacteria has been reported to be common or even abundant in deep marine sediments, however, knowledge about the diversity, distribution, and function of actinobacteria is limited. 27621725 2 81 theme deep 377:380 arg1 sea 382:384 the deep sea 373:384 the deep sea 373:384 In this study, actinobacterial diversity in the deep sea along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) was investigated using both 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and culture-based methods. 27621725 10 82 theme 97 1413:1414 arg1 % 1415:1415 % 1415:1415 % 1415:1415 At a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the pyrosequencing data encompassed 77.3% of the isolates but the isolates represented only 10.3% of the actinobacterial reads. 27621725 10 83 theme actinobacterial 1557:1571 arg1 % 1548:1548 only 10.3% 1539:1548 only 10.3% of the actinobacterial reads 1539:1577 At a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the pyrosequencing data encompassed 77.3% of the isolates but the isolates represented only 10.3% of the actinobacterial reads. 27621725 10 83 theme actinobacterial 1557:1571 arg1 actinobacterial 1557:1571 actinobacterial 1557:1571 actinobacterial 1557:1571 At a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the pyrosequencing data encompassed 77.3% of the isolates but the isolates represented only 10.3% of the actinobacterial reads. 27621725 1 84 theme marine 214:219 arg1 sediments 221:229 deep marine sediments 209:229 deep marine sediments 209:229 The phylum Actinobacteria has been reported to be common or even abundant in deep marine sediments, however, knowledge about the diversity, distribution, and function of actinobacteria is limited. 27621725 8 85 theme class 1224:1228 arg1 strains 1194:1200 176 strains 1190:1200 176 strains 1190:1200 In addition, 176 strains of the Actinobacteria class, belonging to 9 known orders, 18 families, and 29 genera, were isolated. 27621725 4 86 theme Actinobacterial 583:597 arg1 sequences 599:607 Actinobacterial sequences 583:607 Actinobacterial sequences 583:607 Actinobacterial sequences represented 1.2-9.1% of all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in each sample. 27621725 10 87 theme gene 1426:1429 arg1 similarity 1440:1449 a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1411:1449 a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 1411:1449 At a 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the pyrosequencing data encompassed 77.3% of the isolates but the isolates represented only 10.3% of the actinobacterial reads. 27621725 5 88 dep detected 777:784 arg1 dominated 805:813 dominated 805:813 dominated by the classes Acidimicrobiia and Actinobacteria 805:862 A total of 5 actinobacterial classes, 17 orders, 28 families, and 52 genera were detected by pyrosequencing, dominated by the classes Acidimicrobiia and Actinobacteria. 27621725 4 89 from sequences 670:678 arg1 sample 688:693 each sample 683:693 each sample 683:693 Actinobacterial sequences represented 1.2-9.1% of all microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in each sample. 26108188 6 0 theme Thiamet 1192:1198 arg1 G 1200:1200 the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G 1137:1200 the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G 1137:1200 These signals were enhanced when the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G was added to prevent the deglycosylation of the GlcNAc moiety(ies). 26108188 2 1 theme factor 395:400 arg1 receptor 402:409 the epidermal growth factor receptor 374:409 the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 374:416 In this report we present experimental evidence suggesting that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells and human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26108188 2 1 theme factor 395:400 arg1 EGFR 412:415 EGFR 412:415 EGFR 412:415 In this report we present experimental evidence suggesting that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells and human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26108188 8 2 theme EGFR 1818:1821 arg1 signal 1839:1844 the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal 1814:1844 the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal 1814:1844 Finally, EGFR and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) co-immunoprecipitate, and incubation of the immunoprecipitated EGFR with the immunoprecipitated OGT in the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) resulted in a significant enhancement of the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal as detected by Western blotting using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 1 3 theme cellular 292:299 arg1 systems 301:307 many cellular systems 287:307 many cellular systems 287:307 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 7 4 theme streptavidin-labeled 1500:1519 arg1 peroxidase 1521:1530 a streptavidin-labeled peroxidase 1498:1530 a streptavidin-labeled peroxidase 1498:1530 Moreover, we also detected a positive signal in the immunoprecipitated and N-deglycosylated EGFR using PNGase F, and tunicamycin when the cells were metabolically labeled with azido-GlcNAc (GlcNAz), biotinylated and probed with a streptavidin-labeled peroxidase. 26108188 1 5 link O-linked 78:85 arg1 attachment 87:96 The reversible O-linked attachment 63:96 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins 63:196 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 1 5 link O-linked 78:85 arg1 modification 243:254 a frequently occurring post-translational modification 201:254 a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems 201:307 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 3 6 theme adenocarcinoma 576:589 arg1 cells 596:600 human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells 563:600 human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells 563:600 However, no signal was detected in human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells or in mouse EGFR-T17 fibroblasts ectopically expressing the human EGFR. 26108188 8 7 theme signal 1839:1844 arg1 enhancement 1799:1809 a significant enhancement 1785:1809 a significant enhancement of the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal 1785:1844 Finally, EGFR and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) co-immunoprecipitate, and incubation of the immunoprecipitated EGFR with the immunoprecipitated OGT in the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) resulted in a significant enhancement of the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal as detected by Western blotting using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 4 8 theme O-GlcNAcylation 697:711 arg1 signal 713:718 a positive O-GlcNAcylation signal 686:718 a positive O-GlcNAcylation signal in the immunoprecipitated EGFR 686:749 We detected a positive O-GlcNAcylation signal in the immunoprecipitated EGFR by Western blotting using two distinct specific anti-O-GlcNAc antibodies even after N-deglycosylation of the receptor using peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 26108188 6 9 link O-linked 1141:1148 arg1 G 1200:1200 the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G 1137:1200 the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G 1137:1200 These signals were enhanced when the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G was added to prevent the deglycosylation of the GlcNAc moiety(ies). 26108188 3 10 theme human 563:567 arg1 cells 596:600 human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells 563:600 human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells 563:600 However, no signal was detected in human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells or in mouse EGFR-T17 fibroblasts ectopically expressing the human EGFR. 26108188 6 11 theme GlcNAc 1250:1255 arg1 ies 1264:1266 ies 1264:1266 ies 1264:1266 These signals were enhanced when the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G was added to prevent the deglycosylation of the GlcNAc moiety(ies). 26108188 6 11 theme GlcNAc 1250:1255 arg1 moiety 1257:1262 the GlcNAc moiety 1246:1262 the GlcNAc moiety(ies) 1246:1267 These signals were enhanced when the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G was added to prevent the deglycosylation of the GlcNAc moiety(ies). 26108188 8 12 theme Western 1861:1867 arg1 blotting 1869:1876 Western blotting 1861:1876 Western blotting using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody 1861:1908 Finally, EGFR and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) co-immunoprecipitate, and incubation of the immunoprecipitated EGFR with the immunoprecipitated OGT in the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) resulted in a significant enhancement of the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal as detected by Western blotting using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 5 13 theme EGFR 939:942 arg1 presence 927:934 the presence 923:934 the presence of EGFR 923:942 Conversely, the presence of EGFR was detected by Western blotting using an anti-EGFR antibody in the immunocomplex of O-GlcNAcylated proteins immunoprecipitated with an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 1 14 theme occurring 214:222 arg1 attachment 87:96 The reversible O-linked attachment 63:96 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins 63:196 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 1 14 theme occurring 214:222 arg1 modification 243:254 a frequently occurring post-translational modification 201:254 a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems 201:307 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 3 15 located detected 551:558 arg1 cells 596:600 human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells 563:600 human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells 563:600 However, no signal was detected in human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells or in mouse EGFR-T17 fibroblasts ectopically expressing the human EGFR. 26108188 3 15 located detected 551:558 arg2 signal 540:545 no signal 537:545 no signal 537:545 However, no signal was detected in human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells or in mouse EGFR-T17 fibroblasts ectopically expressing the human EGFR. 26108188 3 16 theme EGFR-T17 614:621 arg1 fibroblasts 623:633 mouse EGFR-T17 fibroblasts 608:633 mouse EGFR-T17 fibroblasts ectopically expressing the human EGFR 608:671 However, no signal was detected in human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells or in mouse EGFR-T17 fibroblasts ectopically expressing the human EGFR. 26108188 5 17 theme anti-EGFR 986:994 arg1 antibody 996:1003 an anti-EGFR antibody 983:1003 an anti-EGFR antibody 983:1003 Conversely, the presence of EGFR was detected by Western blotting using an anti-EGFR antibody in the immunocomplex of O-GlcNAcylated proteins immunoprecipitated with an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 8 18 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 1560:1580 arg1 OGT 1595:1597 OGT 1595:1597 OGT 1595:1597 Finally, EGFR and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) co-immunoprecipitate, and incubation of the immunoprecipitated EGFR with the immunoprecipitated OGT in the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) resulted in a significant enhancement of the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal as detected by Western blotting using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 8 18 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 1560:1580 arg1 transferase 1582:1592 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 1551:1592 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 1551:1598 Finally, EGFR and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) co-immunoprecipitate, and incubation of the immunoprecipitated EGFR with the immunoprecipitated OGT in the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) resulted in a significant enhancement of the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal as detected by Western blotting using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 4 19 theme immunoprecipitated 727:744 arg1 EGFR 746:749 the immunoprecipitated EGFR 723:749 the immunoprecipitated EGFR 723:749 We detected a positive O-GlcNAcylation signal in the immunoprecipitated EGFR by Western blotting using two distinct specific anti-O-GlcNAc antibodies even after N-deglycosylation of the receptor using peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 26108188 7 20 theme positive 1299:1306 arg1 signal 1308:1313 a positive signal 1297:1313 a positive signal 1297:1313 Moreover, we also detected a positive signal in the immunoprecipitated and N-deglycosylated EGFR using PNGase F, and tunicamycin when the cells were metabolically labeled with azido-GlcNAc (GlcNAz), biotinylated and probed with a streptavidin-labeled peroxidase. 26108188 1 21 theme serine/threonine 153:168 arg1 residues 170:177 serine/threonine residues 153:177 serine/threonine residues in target proteins 153:196 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 1 22 from residues 170:177 arg1 proteins 189:196 target proteins 182:196 target proteins 182:196 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 5 23 theme Western 960:966 arg1 blotting 968:975 Western blotting 960:975 Western blotting using an anti-EGFR antibody in the immunocomplex of O-GlcNAcylated proteins immunoprecipitated with an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody 960:1101 Conversely, the presence of EGFR was detected by Western blotting using an anti-EGFR antibody in the immunocomplex of O-GlcNAcylated proteins immunoprecipitated with an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 7 24 dep immunoprecipitated 1322:1339 arg1 the 1318:1320 the 1318:1320 the 1318:1320 Moreover, we also detected a positive signal in the immunoprecipitated and N-deglycosylated EGFR using PNGase F, and tunicamycin when the cells were metabolically labeled with azido-GlcNAc (GlcNAz), biotinylated and probed with a streptavidin-labeled peroxidase. 26108188 5 25 theme O-GlcNAcylated 1029:1042 arg1 proteins 1044:1051 O-GlcNAcylated proteins 1029:1051 O-GlcNAcylated proteins immunoprecipitated with an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody 1029:1101 Conversely, the presence of EGFR was detected by Western blotting using an anti-EGFR antibody in the immunocomplex of O-GlcNAcylated proteins immunoprecipitated with an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 1 26 theme moieties 141:148 arg1 attachment 87:96 The reversible O-linked attachment 63:96 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins 63:196 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 1 26 theme moieties 141:148 arg1 modification 243:254 a frequently occurring post-translational modification 201:254 a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems 201:307 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 8 27 with incubation 1626:1635 arg1 OGT 1696:1698 the immunoprecipitated OGT 1673:1698 the immunoprecipitated OGT 1673:1698 Finally, EGFR and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) co-immunoprecipitate, and incubation of the immunoprecipitated EGFR with the immunoprecipitated OGT in the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) resulted in a significant enhancement of the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal as detected by Western blotting using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 1 28 theme O-linked 78:85 arg1 attachment 87:96 The reversible O-linked attachment 63:96 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins 63:196 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 1 28 theme O-linked 78:85 arg1 modification 243:254 a frequently occurring post-translational modification 201:254 a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems 201:307 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 6 29 theme OGA 1177:1179 arg1 G 1200:1200 the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G 1137:1200 the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G 1137:1200 These signals were enhanced when the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G was added to prevent the deglycosylation of the GlcNAc moiety(ies). 26108188 9 30 theme human 1932:1936 arg1 EGFR 1938:1941 the human EGFR 1928:1941 the human EGFR 1928:1941 We conclude that the human EGFR is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in the A431 and A549 tumor cell lines. 26108188 8 31 theme EGFR 1663:1666 arg1 incubation 1626:1635 incubation 1626:1635 incubation of the immunoprecipitated EGFR with the immunoprecipitated OGT in the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) 1626:1771 Finally, EGFR and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) co-immunoprecipitate, and incubation of the immunoprecipitated EGFR with the immunoprecipitated OGT in the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) resulted in a significant enhancement of the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal as detected by Western blotting using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 4 32 theme specific 790:797 arg1 antibodies 813:822 two distinct specific anti-O-GlcNAc antibodies 777:822 two distinct specific anti-O-GlcNAc antibodies 777:822 We detected a positive O-GlcNAcylation signal in the immunoprecipitated EGFR by Western blotting using two distinct specific anti-O-GlcNAc antibodies even after N-deglycosylation of the receptor using peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 26108188 6 33 theme β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 1150:1174 arg1 G 1200:1200 the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G 1137:1200 the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G 1137:1200 These signals were enhanced when the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G was added to prevent the deglycosylation of the GlcNAc moiety(ies). 26108188 2 34 theme A431 480:483 arg1 cells 485:489 human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells 453:489 human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells 453:489 In this report we present experimental evidence suggesting that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells and human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26108188 2 35 theme carcinoma 459:467 arg1 cells 485:489 human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells 453:489 human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells 453:489 In this report we present experimental evidence suggesting that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells and human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26108188 1 36 theme β-D-N-acetylglucosamine 108:130 arg1 moieties 141:148 single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties 101:148 single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties 101:148 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 2 37 theme A549 516:519 arg1 cells 521:525 human lung carcinoma A549 cells 495:525 human lung carcinoma A549 cells 495:525 In this report we present experimental evidence suggesting that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells and human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26108188 8 38 theme O-GlcNAcylation 1823:1837 arg1 signal 1839:1844 the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal 1814:1844 the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal 1814:1844 Finally, EGFR and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) co-immunoprecipitate, and incubation of the immunoprecipitated EGFR with the immunoprecipitated OGT in the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) resulted in a significant enhancement of the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal as detected by Western blotting using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 8 39 link O-linked 1551:1558 arg1 OGT 1595:1597 OGT 1595:1597 OGT 1595:1597 Finally, EGFR and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) co-immunoprecipitate, and incubation of the immunoprecipitated EGFR with the immunoprecipitated OGT in the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) resulted in a significant enhancement of the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal as detected by Western blotting using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 8 39 link O-linked 1551:1558 arg1 transferase 1582:1592 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 1551:1592 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 1551:1598 Finally, EGFR and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) co-immunoprecipitate, and incubation of the immunoprecipitated EGFR with the immunoprecipitated OGT in the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) resulted in a significant enhancement of the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal as detected by Western blotting using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 0 40 theme epidermal 29:37 arg1 receptor 53:60 the human epidermal growth factor receptor 19:60 the human epidermal growth factor receptor 19:60 O-GlcNAcylation of the human epidermal growth factor receptor. 26108188 8 41 from incubation 1626:1635 arg1 presence 1707:1714 the presence 1703:1714 the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) 1703:1771 Finally, EGFR and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) co-immunoprecipitate, and incubation of the immunoprecipitated EGFR with the immunoprecipitated OGT in the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) resulted in a significant enhancement of the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal as detected by Western blotting using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 2 42 theme lung 501:504 arg1 cells 521:525 human lung carcinoma A549 cells 495:525 human lung carcinoma A549 cells 495:525 In this report we present experimental evidence suggesting that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells and human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26108188 2 43 theme growth 388:393 arg1 receptor 402:409 the epidermal growth factor receptor 374:409 the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 374:416 In this report we present experimental evidence suggesting that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells and human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26108188 2 43 theme growth 388:393 arg1 EGFR 412:415 EGFR 412:415 EGFR 412:415 In this report we present experimental evidence suggesting that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells and human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26108188 0 44 theme factor 46:51 arg1 receptor 53:60 the human epidermal growth factor receptor 19:60 the human epidermal growth factor receptor 19:60 O-GlcNAcylation of the human epidermal growth factor receptor. 26108188 4 45 theme receptor 860:867 arg1 N-deglycosylation 835:851 N-deglycosylation 835:851 N-deglycosylation of the receptor using peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) 835:908 We detected a positive O-GlcNAcylation signal in the immunoprecipitated EGFR by Western blotting using two distinct specific anti-O-GlcNAc antibodies even after N-deglycosylation of the receptor using peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 26108188 7 46 theme N-deglycosylated 1345:1360 arg1 EGFR 1362:1365 N-deglycosylated EGFR 1345:1365 N-deglycosylated EGFR using PNGase F 1345:1380 Moreover, we also detected a positive signal in the immunoprecipitated and N-deglycosylated EGFR using PNGase F, and tunicamycin when the cells were metabolically labeled with azido-GlcNAc (GlcNAz), biotinylated and probed with a streptavidin-labeled peroxidase. 26108188 9 47 theme A549 1991:1994 arg1 lines 2007:2011 the A431 and A549 tumor cell lines 1978:2011 lines 2007:2011 We conclude that the human EGFR is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in the A431 and A549 tumor cell lines. 26108188 4 48 theme peptide-N-glycosidase 875:895 arg1 F 897:897 peptide-N-glycosidase F 875:897 peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) 875:908 We detected a positive O-GlcNAcylation signal in the immunoprecipitated EGFR by Western blotting using two distinct specific anti-O-GlcNAc antibodies even after N-deglycosylation of the receptor using peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 26108188 4 48 theme peptide-N-glycosidase 875:895 arg1 F 907:907 PNGase F 900:907 PNGase F 900:907 We detected a positive O-GlcNAcylation signal in the immunoprecipitated EGFR by Western blotting using two distinct specific anti-O-GlcNAc antibodies even after N-deglycosylation of the receptor using peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 26108188 9 49 theme cell 2002:2005 arg1 lines 2007:2011 the A431 and A549 tumor cell lines 1978:2011 lines 2007:2011 We conclude that the human EGFR is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in the A431 and A549 tumor cell lines. 26108188 1 50 theme many 287:290 arg1 systems 301:307 many cellular systems 287:307 many cellular systems 287:307 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 6 51 theme inhibitor 1182:1190 arg1 G 1200:1200 the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G 1137:1200 the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G 1137:1200 These signals were enhanced when the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G was added to prevent the deglycosylation of the GlcNAc moiety(ies). 26108188 8 52 theme 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine 1727:1758 arg1 presence 1707:1714 the presence 1703:1714 the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) 1703:1771 Finally, EGFR and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) co-immunoprecipitate, and incubation of the immunoprecipitated EGFR with the immunoprecipitated OGT in the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) resulted in a significant enhancement of the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal as detected by Western blotting using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 3 53 theme cervix 569:574 arg1 cells 596:600 human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells 563:600 human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells 563:600 However, no signal was detected in human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells or in mouse EGFR-T17 fibroblasts ectopically expressing the human EGFR. 26108188 1 54 theme systems 301:307 arg1 functionality 270:282 the functionality 266:282 the functionality of many cellular systems 266:307 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 4 55 from signal 713:718 arg1 EGFR 746:749 the immunoprecipitated EGFR 723:749 the immunoprecipitated EGFR 723:749 We detected a positive O-GlcNAcylation signal in the immunoprecipitated EGFR by Western blotting using two distinct specific anti-O-GlcNAc antibodies even after N-deglycosylation of the receptor using peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 26108188 1 56 theme target 182:187 arg1 proteins 189:196 target proteins 182:196 target proteins 182:196 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 6 57 theme moiety 1257:1262 arg1 deglycosylation 1227:1241 the deglycosylation 1223:1241 the deglycosylation of the GlcNAc moiety(ies) 1223:1267 These signals were enhanced when the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G was added to prevent the deglycosylation of the GlcNAc moiety(ies). 26108188 4 58 theme positive 688:695 arg1 signal 713:718 a positive O-GlcNAcylation signal 686:718 a positive O-GlcNAcylation signal in the immunoprecipitated EGFR 686:749 We detected a positive O-GlcNAcylation signal in the immunoprecipitated EGFR by Western blotting using two distinct specific anti-O-GlcNAc antibodies even after N-deglycosylation of the receptor using peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 26108188 6 59 gly deglycosylation 1227:1241 arg1 ies 1264:1266 ies 1264:1266 ies 1264:1266 These signals were enhanced when the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G was added to prevent the deglycosylation of the GlcNAc moiety(ies). 26108188 6 59 gly deglycosylation 1227:1241 arg1 moiety 1257:1262 the GlcNAc moiety 1246:1262 the GlcNAc moiety(ies) 1246:1267 These signals were enhanced when the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G was added to prevent the deglycosylation of the GlcNAc moiety(ies). 26108188 3 60 theme HeLa 591:594 arg1 cells 596:600 human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells 563:600 human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells 563:600 However, no signal was detected in human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells or in mouse EGFR-T17 fibroblasts ectopically expressing the human EGFR. 26108188 2 61 attach present 328:334 arg1 report 318:323 this report 313:323 this report 313:323 In this report we present experimental evidence suggesting that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells and human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26108188 2 61 attach present 328:334 arg2 we 325:326 we 325:326 we 325:326 In this report we present experimental evidence suggesting that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells and human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26108188 1 62 theme post-translational 224:241 arg1 attachment 87:96 The reversible O-linked attachment 63:96 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins 63:196 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 1 62 theme post-translational 224:241 arg1 modification 243:254 a frequently occurring post-translational modification 201:254 a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems 201:307 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 1 63 attach attachment 87:96 arg2 moieties 141:148 single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties 101:148 single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties 101:148 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 1 63 attach attachment 87:96 arg1 residues 170:177 serine/threonine residues 153:177 serine/threonine residues in target proteins 153:196 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 3 64 theme mouse 608:612 arg1 fibroblasts 623:633 mouse EGFR-T17 fibroblasts 608:633 mouse EGFR-T17 fibroblasts ectopically expressing the human EGFR 608:671 However, no signal was detected in human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells or in mouse EGFR-T17 fibroblasts ectopically expressing the human EGFR. 26108188 8 65 theme O-linked 1551:1558 arg1 OGT 1595:1597 OGT 1595:1597 OGT 1595:1597 Finally, EGFR and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) co-immunoprecipitate, and incubation of the immunoprecipitated EGFR with the immunoprecipitated OGT in the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) resulted in a significant enhancement of the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal as detected by Western blotting using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 8 65 theme O-linked 1551:1558 arg1 transferase 1582:1592 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 1551:1592 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 1551:1598 Finally, EGFR and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) co-immunoprecipitate, and incubation of the immunoprecipitated EGFR with the immunoprecipitated OGT in the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) resulted in a significant enhancement of the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal as detected by Western blotting using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 4 66 theme Western 754:760 arg1 blotting 762:769 Western blotting 754:769 Western blotting using two distinct specific anti-O-GlcNAc antibodies even after N-deglycosylation of the receptor using peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) 754:908 We detected a positive O-GlcNAcylation signal in the immunoprecipitated EGFR by Western blotting using two distinct specific anti-O-GlcNAc antibodies even after N-deglycosylation of the receptor using peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 26108188 3 67 theme human 662:666 arg1 EGFR 668:671 the human EGFR 658:671 the human EGFR 658:671 However, no signal was detected in human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells or in mouse EGFR-T17 fibroblasts ectopically expressing the human EGFR. 26108188 2 68 theme experimental 336:347 arg1 evidence 349:356 experimental evidence 336:356 experimental evidence suggesting that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells and human lung carcinoma A549 cells 336:525 In this report we present experimental evidence suggesting that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells and human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26108188 4 69 gly N-deglycosylation 835:851 arg1 receptor 860:867 the receptor 856:867 the receptor using peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) 856:908 We detected a positive O-GlcNAcylation signal in the immunoprecipitated EGFR by Western blotting using two distinct specific anti-O-GlcNAc antibodies even after N-deglycosylation of the receptor using peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 26108188 1 70 theme reversible 67:76 arg1 attachment 87:96 The reversible O-linked attachment 63:96 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins 63:196 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 1 70 theme reversible 67:76 arg1 modification 243:254 a frequently occurring post-translational modification 201:254 a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems 201:307 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 8 71 theme immunoprecipitated 1644:1661 arg1 EGFR 1663:1666 the immunoprecipitated EGFR 1640:1666 the immunoprecipitated EGFR 1640:1666 Finally, EGFR and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) co-immunoprecipitate, and incubation of the immunoprecipitated EGFR with the immunoprecipitated OGT in the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) resulted in a significant enhancement of the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal as detected by Western blotting using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 4 72 theme distinct 781:788 arg1 antibodies 813:822 two distinct specific anti-O-GlcNAc antibodies 777:822 two distinct specific anti-O-GlcNAc antibodies 777:822 We detected a positive O-GlcNAcylation signal in the immunoprecipitated EGFR by Western blotting using two distinct specific anti-O-GlcNAc antibodies even after N-deglycosylation of the receptor using peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 26108188 0 73 theme human 23:27 arg1 receptor 53:60 the human epidermal growth factor receptor 19:60 the human epidermal growth factor receptor 19:60 O-GlcNAcylation of the human epidermal growth factor receptor. 26108188 1 74 theme single 101:106 arg1 GlcNAc 133:138 GlcNAc 133:138 GlcNAc 133:138 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 1 74 theme single 101:106 arg1 β-D-N-acetylglucosamine 108:130 single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine 101:130 single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties 101:148 The reversible O-linked attachment of single β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to serine/threonine residues in target proteins is a frequently occurring post-translational modification affecting the functionality of many cellular systems. 26108188 6 75 theme O-linked 1141:1148 arg1 G 1200:1200 the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G 1137:1200 the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G 1137:1200 These signals were enhanced when the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor Thiamet G was added to prevent the deglycosylation of the GlcNAc moiety(ies). 26108188 2 76 theme epidermoid 469:478 arg1 cells 485:489 human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells 453:489 human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells 453:489 In this report we present experimental evidence suggesting that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells and human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26108188 5 77 theme proteins 1044:1051 arg1 immunocomplex 1012:1024 the immunocomplex 1008:1024 the immunocomplex of O-GlcNAcylated proteins immunoprecipitated with an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody 1008:1101 Conversely, the presence of EGFR was detected by Western blotting using an anti-EGFR antibody in the immunocomplex of O-GlcNAcylated proteins immunoprecipitated with an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 4 78 theme anti-O-GlcNAc 799:811 arg1 antibodies 813:822 two distinct specific anti-O-GlcNAc antibodies 777:822 two distinct specific anti-O-GlcNAc antibodies 777:822 We detected a positive O-GlcNAcylation signal in the immunoprecipitated EGFR by Western blotting using two distinct specific anti-O-GlcNAc antibodies even after N-deglycosylation of the receptor using peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 26108188 2 79 theme human 453:457 arg1 cells 485:489 human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells 453:489 human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells 453:489 In this report we present experimental evidence suggesting that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells and human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26108188 0 80 theme growth 39:44 arg1 receptor 53:60 the human epidermal growth factor receptor 19:60 the human epidermal growth factor receptor 19:60 O-GlcNAcylation of the human epidermal growth factor receptor. 26108188 7 81 theme PNGase 1373:1378 arg1 F 1380:1380 PNGase F 1373:1380 PNGase F 1373:1380 Moreover, we also detected a positive signal in the immunoprecipitated and N-deglycosylated EGFR using PNGase F, and tunicamycin when the cells were metabolically labeled with azido-GlcNAc (GlcNAz), biotinylated and probed with a streptavidin-labeled peroxidase. 26108188 2 82 theme carcinoma 506:514 arg1 cells 521:525 human lung carcinoma A549 cells 495:525 human lung carcinoma A549 cells 495:525 In this report we present experimental evidence suggesting that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells and human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26108188 8 83 theme immunoprecipitated 1677:1694 arg1 OGT 1696:1698 the immunoprecipitated OGT 1673:1698 the immunoprecipitated OGT 1673:1698 Finally, EGFR and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) co-immunoprecipitate, and incubation of the immunoprecipitated EGFR with the immunoprecipitated OGT in the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) resulted in a significant enhancement of the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal as detected by Western blotting using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 0 84 theme receptor 53:60 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 0:14 O-GlcNAcylation 0:14 O-GlcNAcylation of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 0:60 O-GlcNAcylation of the human epidermal growth factor receptor. 26108188 2 85 theme human 495:499 arg1 cells 521:525 human lung carcinoma A549 cells 495:525 human lung carcinoma A549 cells 495:525 In this report we present experimental evidence suggesting that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells and human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26108188 4 86 theme PNGase 900:905 arg1 F 897:897 peptide-N-glycosidase F 875:897 peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) 875:908 We detected a positive O-GlcNAcylation signal in the immunoprecipitated EGFR by Western blotting using two distinct specific anti-O-GlcNAc antibodies even after N-deglycosylation of the receptor using peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 26108188 4 86 theme PNGase 900:905 arg1 F 907:907 PNGase F 900:907 PNGase F 900:907 We detected a positive O-GlcNAcylation signal in the immunoprecipitated EGFR by Western blotting using two distinct specific anti-O-GlcNAc antibodies even after N-deglycosylation of the receptor using peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 26108188 2 87 theme epidermal 378:386 arg1 receptor 402:409 the epidermal growth factor receptor 374:409 the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 374:416 In this report we present experimental evidence suggesting that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells and human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26108188 2 87 theme epidermal 378:386 arg1 EGFR 412:415 EGFR 412:415 EGFR 412:415 In this report we present experimental evidence suggesting that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in human carcinoma epidermoid A431 cells and human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26108188 7 88 gly N-deglycosylated 1345:1360 arg1 EGFR 1362:1365 N-deglycosylated EGFR 1345:1365 N-deglycosylated EGFR using PNGase F 1345:1380 Moreover, we also detected a positive signal in the immunoprecipitated and N-deglycosylated EGFR using PNGase F, and tunicamycin when the cells were metabolically labeled with azido-GlcNAc (GlcNAz), biotinylated and probed with a streptavidin-labeled peroxidase. 26108188 8 89 theme anti-O-GlcNAc 1887:1899 arg1 antibody 1901:1908 an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody 1884:1908 an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody 1884:1908 Finally, EGFR and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) co-immunoprecipitate, and incubation of the immunoprecipitated EGFR with the immunoprecipitated OGT in the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) resulted in a significant enhancement of the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal as detected by Western blotting using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 8 90 theme significant 1787:1797 arg1 enhancement 1799:1809 a significant enhancement 1785:1809 a significant enhancement of the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal 1785:1844 Finally, EGFR and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) co-immunoprecipitate, and incubation of the immunoprecipitated EGFR with the immunoprecipitated OGT in the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) resulted in a significant enhancement of the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal as detected by Western blotting using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 5 91 theme anti-O-GlcNAc 1080:1092 arg1 antibody 1094:1101 an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody 1077:1101 an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody 1077:1101 Conversely, the presence of EGFR was detected by Western blotting using an anti-EGFR antibody in the immunocomplex of O-GlcNAcylated proteins immunoprecipitated with an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 9 92 theme tumor 1996:2000 arg1 lines 2007:2011 the A431 and A549 tumor cell lines 1978:2011 lines 2007:2011 We conclude that the human EGFR is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in the A431 and A549 tumor cell lines. 26108188 8 93 theme uridine 1719:1725 arg1 UDP-GlcNAc 1761:1770 UDP-GlcNAc 1761:1770 UDP-GlcNAc 1761:1770 Finally, EGFR and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) co-immunoprecipitate, and incubation of the immunoprecipitated EGFR with the immunoprecipitated OGT in the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) resulted in a significant enhancement of the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal as detected by Western blotting using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26108188 8 93 theme uridine 1719:1725 arg1 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine 1727:1758 uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine 1719:1758 uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) 1719:1771 Finally, EGFR and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) co-immunoprecipitate, and incubation of the immunoprecipitated EGFR with the immunoprecipitated OGT in the presence of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) resulted in a significant enhancement of the EGFR O-GlcNAcylation signal as detected by Western blotting using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody. 26962120 12 0 theme major 1656:1660 arg1 hallmark 1662:1669 a major hallmark 1654:1669 a major hallmark of sperm maturation in rats 1654:1697 The results from this study showed that changes in the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile is a major hallmark of sperm maturation in rats. 26962120 12 0 theme major 1656:1660 arg1 changes 1601:1607 changes 1601:1607 changes in the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile 1601:1649 The results from this study showed that changes in the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile is a major hallmark of sperm maturation in rats. 26962120 12 1 from changes 1601:1607 arg1 profile 1643:1649 the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile 1612:1649 the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile 1612:1649 The results from this study showed that changes in the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile is a major hallmark of sperm maturation in rats. 26962120 9 2 theme metalloproteinase 1199:1215 arg1 ADAM 1251:1254 metalloproteinase domain-containing protein family (ADAM) 1199:1255 metalloproteinase domain-containing protein family (ADAM) 1199:1255 These included members of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein family (ADAM), Basigin, and Testis-expressed protein 101 (TEX101). 26962120 8 3 theme different 1133:1141 arg1 proteins 1143:1150 65 different proteins 1130:1150 65 different proteins 1130:1150 A total of 92 unique N-linked sialylated glycopeptides were identified from 65 different proteins. 26962120 11 4 theme protein 1460:1466 arg1 TEX101 1468:1473 the protein TEX101 1456:1473 the protein TEX101 1456:1473 Of interest, the protein TEX101 exhibited PNGase F-resistant deglycosylation under the conditions used in this study. 26962120 8 5 theme glycopeptides 1095:1107 arg1 total 1056:1060 A total 1054:1060 A total of 92 unique N-linked sialylated glycopeptides 1054:1107 A total of 92 unique N-linked sialylated glycopeptides were identified from 65 different proteins. 26962120 7 6 theme PNGase 976:981 arg1 F 983:983 PNGase F 976:983 PNGase F 976:983 Bound N-linked glycopeptides were released by enzymatic deglycosylation using PNGase F and then analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. 26962120 1 7 theme epididymal 169:178 arg1 transit 180:186 epididymal transit 169:186 epididymal transit 169:186 Mammalian spermatozoa acquire fertilizing potential as they undergo a series of changes during epididymal transit. 26962120 5 8 theme epididymal 700:709 arg1 sperm 711:715 rat epididymal sperm 696:715 rat epididymal sperm 696:715 Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify N-linked sialylated glycoproteins in rat epididymal sperm and investigate whether they are regulated during epididymal transit. 26962120 5 9 gly sialylated 668:677 arg1 glycoproteins 679:691 N-linked sialylated glycoproteins 659:691 N-linked sialylated glycoproteins 659:691 Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify N-linked sialylated glycoproteins in rat epididymal sperm and investigate whether they are regulated during epididymal transit. 26962120 9 10 theme protein 1235:1241 arg1 ADAM 1251:1254 metalloproteinase domain-containing protein family (ADAM) 1199:1255 metalloproteinase domain-containing protein family (ADAM) 1199:1255 These included members of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein family (ADAM), Basigin, and Testis-expressed protein 101 (TEX101). 26962120 8 11 gly sialylated 1084:1093 arg1 glycopeptides 1095:1107 92 unique N-linked sialylated glycopeptides 1065:1107 92 unique N-linked sialylated glycopeptides 1065:1107 A total of 92 unique N-linked sialylated glycopeptides were identified from 65 different proteins. 26962120 3 12 theme cellular 365:372 arg1 adhesion 374:381 cellular adhesion 365:381 cellular adhesion 365:381 Modifications of the sialic acid content within glycan moieties are known to regulate epitope presentation and cellular adhesion and signaling, all of which may be critical for sperm to successfully reach and fertilize the egg. 26962120 5 13 theme study 637:641 arg1 aim 625:627 the aim 621:627 the aim of this study 621:641 Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify N-linked sialylated glycoproteins in rat epididymal sperm and investigate whether they are regulated during epididymal transit. 26962120 9 14 theme family 1243:1248 arg1 ADAM 1251:1254 metalloproteinase domain-containing protein family (ADAM) 1199:1255 metalloproteinase domain-containing protein family (ADAM) 1199:1255 These included members of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein family (ADAM), Basigin, and Testis-expressed protein 101 (TEX101). 26962120 2 15 from alterations 220:230 arg1 glycome 245:251 the sperm glycome 235:251 the sperm glycome 235:251 One major facet of such is the alterations in the sperm glycome. 26962120 3 16 theme epitope 340:346 arg1 presentation 348:359 epitope presentation 340:359 epitope presentation 340:359 Modifications of the sialic acid content within glycan moieties are known to regulate epitope presentation and cellular adhesion and signaling, all of which may be critical for sperm to successfully reach and fertilize the egg. 26962120 6 17 theme dioxide 883:889 arg1 beads 891:895 titanium dioxide beads 874:895 titanium dioxide beads 874:895 Sialylated glycopeptides from caput, corpus, and cauda spermatozoa were enriched using titanium dioxide beads. 26962120 8 18 theme unique 1068:1073 arg1 glycopeptides 1095:1107 92 unique N-linked sialylated glycopeptides 1065:1107 92 unique N-linked sialylated glycopeptides 1065:1107 A total of 92 unique N-linked sialylated glycopeptides were identified from 65 different proteins. 26962120 6 19 theme Sialylated 787:796 arg1 glycopeptides 798:810 Sialylated glycopeptides 787:810 Sialylated glycopeptides from caput, corpus, and cauda spermatozoa 787:852 Sialylated glycopeptides from caput, corpus, and cauda spermatozoa were enriched using titanium dioxide beads. 26962120 1 20 theme Mammalian 74:82 arg1 spermatozoa 84:94 Mammalian spermatozoa 74:94 Mammalian spermatozoa 74:94 Mammalian spermatozoa acquire fertilizing potential as they undergo a series of changes during epididymal transit. 26962120 10 21 theme epididymal 1423:1432 arg1 transit 1434:1440 epididymal transit 1423:1440 epididymal transit 1423:1440 Remarkably, label-free quantification showed that more than half of these peptides (48/92) were regulated during epididymal transit. 26962120 5 22 theme epididymal 767:776 arg1 transit 778:784 epididymal transit 767:784 epididymal transit 767:784 Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify N-linked sialylated glycoproteins in rat epididymal sperm and investigate whether they are regulated during epididymal transit. 26962120 6 23 theme titanium 874:881 arg1 beads 891:895 titanium dioxide beads 874:895 titanium dioxide beads 874:895 Sialylated glycopeptides from caput, corpus, and cauda spermatozoa were enriched using titanium dioxide beads. 26962120 9 24 theme ADAM 1251:1254 arg1 members 1168:1174 members 1168:1174 members of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein family (ADAM), Basigin, and Testis-expressed protein 101 (TEX101) 1168:1307 These included members of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein family (ADAM), Basigin, and Testis-expressed protein 101 (TEX101). 26962120 12 25 from rats 1694:1697 arg1 hallmark 1662:1669 a major hallmark 1654:1669 a major hallmark of sperm maturation in rats 1654:1697 The results from this study showed that changes in the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile is a major hallmark of sperm maturation in rats. 26962120 12 25 from rats 1694:1697 arg1 changes 1601:1607 changes 1601:1607 changes in the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile 1601:1649 The results from this study showed that changes in the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile is a major hallmark of sperm maturation in rats. 26962120 10 26 theme peptides 1384:1391 arg1 half 1370:1373 more than half 1360:1373 more than half of these peptides (48/92) 1360:1399 Remarkably, label-free quantification showed that more than half of these peptides (48/92) were regulated during epididymal transit. 26962120 12 27 theme sialoglycoprotein 1625:1641 arg1 profile 1643:1649 the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile 1612:1649 the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile 1612:1649 The results from this study showed that changes in the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile is a major hallmark of sperm maturation in rats. 26962120 6 28 from spermatozoa 842:852 arg1 glycopeptides 798:810 Sialylated glycopeptides 787:810 Sialylated glycopeptides from caput, corpus, and cauda spermatozoa 787:852 Sialylated glycopeptides from caput, corpus, and cauda spermatozoa were enriched using titanium dioxide beads. 26962120 8 29 theme sialylated 1084:1093 arg1 glycopeptides 1095:1107 92 unique N-linked sialylated glycopeptides 1065:1107 92 unique N-linked sialylated glycopeptides 1065:1107 A total of 92 unique N-linked sialylated glycopeptides were identified from 65 different proteins. 26962120 7 30 theme enzymatic 944:952 arg1 deglycosylation 954:968 enzymatic deglycosylation 944:968 enzymatic deglycosylation using PNGase F 944:983 Bound N-linked glycopeptides were released by enzymatic deglycosylation using PNGase F and then analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. 26962120 8 31 gly glycopeptides 1095:1107 arg2 glycopeptides 1095:1107 92 unique N-linked sialylated glycopeptides 1065:1107 92 unique N-linked sialylated glycopeptides 1065:1107 A total of 92 unique N-linked sialylated glycopeptides were identified from 65 different proteins. 26962120 10 32 theme label-free 1322:1331 arg1 quantification 1333:1346 label-free quantification 1322:1346 label-free quantification 1322:1346 Remarkably, label-free quantification showed that more than half of these peptides (48/92) were regulated during epididymal transit. 26962120 6 33 from caput 817:821 arg1 glycopeptides 798:810 Sialylated glycopeptides 787:810 Sialylated glycopeptides from caput, corpus, and cauda spermatozoa 787:852 Sialylated glycopeptides from caput, corpus, and cauda spermatozoa were enriched using titanium dioxide beads. 26962120 0 34 theme Quantitative 0:11 arg1 Glycopeptide 13:24 Quantitative Glycopeptide 0:24 Quantitative Glycopeptide 0:24 Quantitative Glycopeptide Changes in Rat Sperm During Epididymal Transit. 26962120 1 35 theme fertilizing 104:114 arg1 potential 116:124 fertilizing potential as they undergo a series of changes during epididymal transit 104:186 fertilizing potential as they undergo a series of changes during epididymal transit 104:186 Mammalian spermatozoa acquire fertilizing potential as they undergo a series of changes during epididymal transit. 26962120 10 36 theme more 1360:1363 arg1 half 1370:1373 more than half 1360:1373 more than half of these peptides (48/92) 1360:1399 Remarkably, label-free quantification showed that more than half of these peptides (48/92) were regulated during epididymal transit. 26962120 3 37 theme sialic 275:280 arg1 content 287:293 the sialic acid content 271:293 the sialic acid content within glycan moieties 271:316 Modifications of the sialic acid content within glycan moieties are known to regulate epitope presentation and cellular adhesion and signaling, all of which may be critical for sperm to successfully reach and fertilize the egg. 26962120 9 38 theme Basigin 1258:1264 arg1 members 1168:1174 members 1168:1174 members of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein family (ADAM), Basigin, and Testis-expressed protein 101 (TEX101) 1168:1307 These included members of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein family (ADAM), Basigin, and Testis-expressed protein 101 (TEX101). 26962120 9 39 theme domain-containing 1217:1233 arg1 ADAM 1251:1254 metalloproteinase domain-containing protein family (ADAM) 1199:1255 metalloproteinase domain-containing protein family (ADAM) 1199:1255 These included members of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein family (ADAM), Basigin, and Testis-expressed protein 101 (TEX101). 26962120 10 40 theme than 1365:1368 arg1 half 1370:1373 more than half 1360:1373 more than half of these peptides (48/92) 1360:1399 Remarkably, label-free quantification showed that more than half of these peptides (48/92) were regulated during epididymal transit. 26962120 4 41 theme acid 544:547 arg1 changes 549:555 the sialic acid changes 533:555 the sialic acid changes that occur on spermatozoa during epididymal transit 533:607 To date, there is paucity of information regarding the sialic acid changes that occur on spermatozoa during epididymal transit. 26962120 3 42 theme acid 282:285 arg1 content 287:293 the sialic acid content 271:293 the sialic acid content within glycan moieties 271:316 Modifications of the sialic acid content within glycan moieties are known to regulate epitope presentation and cellular adhesion and signaling, all of which may be critical for sperm to successfully reach and fertilize the egg. 26962120 2 43 theme major 193:197 arg1 alterations 220:230 the alterations 216:230 the alterations in the sperm glycome 216:251 One major facet of such is the alterations in the sperm glycome. 26962120 2 43 theme major 193:197 arg1 facet 199:203 One major facet 189:203 One major facet of such 189:211 One major facet of such is the alterations in the sperm glycome. 26962120 12 44 gly sialoglycoprotein 1625:1641 arg1 sialoglycoprotein 1625:1641 the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile 1612:1649 the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile 1612:1649 The results from this study showed that changes in the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile is a major hallmark of sperm maturation in rats. 26962120 12 45 theme maturation 1680:1689 arg1 hallmark 1662:1669 a major hallmark 1654:1669 a major hallmark of sperm maturation in rats 1654:1697 The results from this study showed that changes in the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile is a major hallmark of sperm maturation in rats. 26962120 12 45 theme maturation 1680:1689 arg1 changes 1601:1607 changes 1601:1607 changes in the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile 1601:1649 The results from this study showed that changes in the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile is a major hallmark of sperm maturation in rats. 26962120 11 46 theme F-resistant 1492:1502 arg1 deglycosylation 1504:1518 PNGase F-resistant deglycosylation 1485:1518 PNGase F-resistant deglycosylation 1485:1518 Of interest, the protein TEX101 exhibited PNGase F-resistant deglycosylation under the conditions used in this study. 26962120 6 47 from corpus 824:829 arg1 glycopeptides 798:810 Sialylated glycopeptides 787:810 Sialylated glycopeptides from caput, corpus, and cauda spermatozoa 787:852 Sialylated glycopeptides from caput, corpus, and cauda spermatozoa were enriched using titanium dioxide beads. 26962120 4 48 theme sialic 537:542 arg1 changes 549:555 the sialic acid changes 533:555 the sialic acid changes that occur on spermatozoa during epididymal transit 533:607 To date, there is paucity of information regarding the sialic acid changes that occur on spermatozoa during epididymal transit. 26962120 11 49 theme PNGase 1485:1490 arg1 deglycosylation 1504:1518 PNGase F-resistant deglycosylation 1485:1518 PNGase F-resistant deglycosylation 1485:1518 Of interest, the protein TEX101 exhibited PNGase F-resistant deglycosylation under the conditions used in this study. 26962120 0 50 theme Rat 37:39 arg1 Sperm 41:45 Rat Sperm 37:45 Rat Sperm 37:45 Quantitative Glycopeptide Changes in Rat Sperm During Epididymal Transit. 26962120 5 51 theme rat 696:698 arg1 sperm 711:715 rat epididymal sperm 696:715 rat epididymal sperm 696:715 Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify N-linked sialylated glycoproteins in rat epididymal sperm and investigate whether they are regulated during epididymal transit. 26962120 9 52 theme Testis-expressed 1271:1286 arg1 protein 1288:1294 Testis-expressed protein 101 1271:1298 Testis-expressed protein 101 (TEX101) 1271:1307 These included members of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein family (ADAM), Basigin, and Testis-expressed protein 101 (TEX101). 26962120 9 52 theme Testis-expressed 1271:1286 arg1 TEX101 1301:1306 TEX101 1301:1306 TEX101 1301:1306 These included members of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein family (ADAM), Basigin, and Testis-expressed protein 101 (TEX101). 26962120 7 53 theme tandem-mass 1028:1038 arg1 spectrometry 1040:1051 liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry 1006:1051 liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry 1006:1051 Bound N-linked glycopeptides were released by enzymatic deglycosylation using PNGase F and then analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. 26962120 12 54 theme N-linked 1616:1623 arg1 profile 1643:1649 the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile 1612:1649 the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile 1612:1649 The results from this study showed that changes in the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile is a major hallmark of sperm maturation in rats. 26962120 0 55 theme Epididymal 54:63 arg1 Transit 65:71 Epididymal Transit 54:71 Epididymal Transit 54:71 Quantitative Glycopeptide Changes in Rat Sperm During Epididymal Transit. 26962120 3 56 theme glycan 302:307 arg1 moieties 309:316 glycan moieties 302:316 glycan moieties 302:316 Modifications of the sialic acid content within glycan moieties are known to regulate epitope presentation and cellular adhesion and signaling, all of which may be critical for sperm to successfully reach and fertilize the egg. 26962120 6 57 theme cauda 836:840 arg1 spermatozoa 842:852 cauda spermatozoa 836:852 cauda spermatozoa 836:852 Sialylated glycopeptides from caput, corpus, and cauda spermatozoa were enriched using titanium dioxide beads. 26962120 12 58 from study 1583:1587 arg1 results 1565:1571 The results 1561:1571 The results from this study 1561:1587 The results from this study showed that changes in the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile is a major hallmark of sperm maturation in rats. 26962120 5 59 gly glycoproteins 679:691 arg1 glycoproteins 679:691 N-linked sialylated glycoproteins 659:691 N-linked sialylated glycoproteins 659:691 Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify N-linked sialylated glycoproteins in rat epididymal sperm and investigate whether they are regulated during epididymal transit. 26962120 12 60 from maturation 1680:1689 arg1 rats 1694:1697 rats 1694:1697 rats 1694:1697 The results from this study showed that changes in the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile is a major hallmark of sperm maturation in rats. 26962120 4 61 theme information 511:521 arg1 paucity 500:506 paucity 500:506 paucity of information regarding the sialic acid changes that occur on spermatozoa during epididymal transit 500:607 To date, there is paucity of information regarding the sialic acid changes that occur on spermatozoa during epididymal transit. 26962120 5 62 theme sialylated 668:677 arg1 glycoproteins 679:691 N-linked sialylated glycoproteins 659:691 N-linked sialylated glycoproteins 659:691 Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify N-linked sialylated glycoproteins in rat epididymal sperm and investigate whether they are regulated during epididymal transit. 26962120 7 63 gly glycopeptides 913:925 arg2 glycopeptides 913:925 Bound N-linked glycopeptides 898:925 Bound N-linked glycopeptides 898:925 Bound N-linked glycopeptides were released by enzymatic deglycosylation using PNGase F and then analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. 26962120 9 64 theme protein 1288:1294 arg1 members 1168:1174 members 1168:1174 members of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein family (ADAM), Basigin, and Testis-expressed protein 101 (TEX101) 1168:1307 These included members of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein family (ADAM), Basigin, and Testis-expressed protein 101 (TEX101). 26962120 7 65 theme liquid 1006:1011 arg1 spectrometry 1040:1051 liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry 1006:1051 liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry 1006:1051 Bound N-linked glycopeptides were released by enzymatic deglycosylation using PNGase F and then analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. 26962120 5 66 link N-linked 659:666 arg1 glycoproteins 679:691 N-linked sialylated glycoproteins 659:691 N-linked sialylated glycoproteins 659:691 Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify N-linked sialylated glycoproteins in rat epididymal sperm and investigate whether they are regulated during epididymal transit. 26962120 7 67 theme N-linked 904:911 arg1 glycopeptides 913:925 Bound N-linked glycopeptides 898:925 Bound N-linked glycopeptides 898:925 Bound N-linked glycopeptides were released by enzymatic deglycosylation using PNGase F and then analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. 26962120 6 68 gly glycopeptides 798:810 arg1 spermatozoa 842:852 cauda spermatozoa 836:852 cauda spermatozoa 836:852 Sialylated glycopeptides from caput, corpus, and cauda spermatozoa were enriched using titanium dioxide beads. 26962120 6 68 gly glycopeptides 798:810 arg2 glycopeptides 798:810 Sialylated glycopeptides 787:810 Sialylated glycopeptides from caput, corpus, and cauda spermatozoa 787:852 Sialylated glycopeptides from caput, corpus, and cauda spermatozoa were enriched using titanium dioxide beads. 26962120 6 68 gly glycopeptides 798:810 arg1 corpus 824:829 corpus 824:829 corpus 824:829 Sialylated glycopeptides from caput, corpus, and cauda spermatozoa were enriched using titanium dioxide beads. 26962120 6 68 gly glycopeptides 798:810 arg1 caput 817:821 caput 817:821 caput 817:821 Sialylated glycopeptides from caput, corpus, and cauda spermatozoa were enriched using titanium dioxide beads. 26962120 3 69 theme content 287:293 arg1 Modifications 254:266 Modifications 254:266 Modifications of the sialic acid content within glycan moieties 254:316 Modifications of the sialic acid content within glycan moieties are known to regulate epitope presentation and cellular adhesion and signaling, all of which may be critical for sperm to successfully reach and fertilize the egg. 26962120 2 70 theme such 208:211 arg1 alterations 220:230 the alterations 216:230 the alterations in the sperm glycome 216:251 One major facet of such is the alterations in the sperm glycome. 26962120 2 70 theme such 208:211 arg1 facet 199:203 One major facet 189:203 One major facet of such 189:211 One major facet of such is the alterations in the sperm glycome. 26962120 7 71 theme chromatography 1013:1026 arg1 spectrometry 1040:1051 liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry 1006:1051 liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry 1006:1051 Bound N-linked glycopeptides were released by enzymatic deglycosylation using PNGase F and then analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. 26962120 5 72 theme N-linked 659:666 arg1 glycoproteins 679:691 N-linked sialylated glycoproteins 659:691 N-linked sialylated glycoproteins 659:691 Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify N-linked sialylated glycoproteins in rat epididymal sperm and investigate whether they are regulated during epididymal transit. 26962120 7 73 link N-linked 904:911 arg1 glycopeptides 913:925 Bound N-linked glycopeptides 898:925 Bound N-linked glycopeptides 898:925 Bound N-linked glycopeptides were released by enzymatic deglycosylation using PNGase F and then analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. 26962120 12 74 link N-linked 1616:1623 arg1 profile 1643:1649 the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile 1612:1649 the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile 1612:1649 The results from this study showed that changes in the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile is a major hallmark of sperm maturation in rats. 26962120 12 75 theme sperm 1674:1678 arg1 maturation 1680:1689 sperm maturation 1674:1689 sperm maturation in rats 1674:1697 The results from this study showed that changes in the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile is a major hallmark of sperm maturation in rats. 26962120 8 76 dep sialylated 1084:1093 arg1 N-linked 1075:1082 N-linked 1075:1082 N-linked 1075:1082 A total of 92 unique N-linked sialylated glycopeptides were identified from 65 different proteins. 26962120 9 77 theme disintegrin 1183:1193 arg1 members 1168:1174 members 1168:1174 members of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein family (ADAM), Basigin, and Testis-expressed protein 101 (TEX101) 1168:1307 These included members of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein family (ADAM), Basigin, and Testis-expressed protein 101 (TEX101). 26962120 7 78 theme Bound 898:902 arg1 glycopeptides 913:925 Bound N-linked glycopeptides 898:925 Bound N-linked glycopeptides 898:925 Bound N-linked glycopeptides were released by enzymatic deglycosylation using PNGase F and then analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. 26962120 12 79 from hallmark 1662:1669 arg1 rats 1694:1697 rats 1694:1697 rats 1694:1697 The results from this study showed that changes in the N-linked sialoglycoprotein profile is a major hallmark of sperm maturation in rats. 26962120 2 80 theme sperm 239:243 arg1 glycome 245:251 the sperm glycome 235:251 the sperm glycome 235:251 One major facet of such is the alterations in the sperm glycome. 26962120 1 81 theme changes 154:160 arg1 series 144:149 a series 142:149 a series of changes 142:160 Mammalian spermatozoa acquire fertilizing potential as they undergo a series of changes during epididymal transit. 26962120 4 82 theme epididymal 590:599 arg1 transit 601:607 epididymal transit 590:607 epididymal transit 590:607 To date, there is paucity of information regarding the sialic acid changes that occur on spermatozoa during epididymal transit. 26048011 6 0 theme cell 1277:1280 arg1 matrix 1301:1306 the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix 1273:1306 the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix 1273:1306 Our results support the hypothesis that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases incorporate cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall by cross-linking outer chain mannans into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 5 1 theme albicans 1067:1074 arg1 wall 1081:1084 the C. albicans cell wall 1060:1084 the C. albicans cell wall 1060:1084 We further demonstrate that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases are needed for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall. 26048011 1 2 theme cell 236:239 arg1 wall 241:244 the cell wall 232:244 the cell wall of Neurospora crassa 232:265 A biochemical pathway for the incorporation of cell wall protein into the cell wall of Neurospora crassa was recently proposed. 26048011 2 3 theme chain 487:491 arg1 mannans 493:499 the yeast outer chain mannans 471:499 the yeast outer chain mannans 471:499 In this pathway, the DFG-5 and DCW-1 endo-α-1,6-mannanases function to covalently cross-link cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans, which are structurally related to the yeast outer chain mannans, into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 3 4 theme chain 673:677 arg1 mannan 679:684 the N-linked outer chain mannan 654:684 the N-linked outer chain mannan 654:684 In this report, we demonstrate that the mannosyltransferase enzyme Och1p, which is needed for the synthesis of the N-linked outer chain mannan, is essential for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the Candida albicans cell wall. 26048011 4 5 theme wall 840:843 arg1 proteins 845:852 C. albicans cell wall proteins 823:852 C. albicans cell wall proteins 823:852 Using endoglycosidases, we show that C. albicans cell wall proteins are cross-linked into the cell wall via their N-linked outer chain mannans. 26048011 2 6 theme DCW-1 321:325 arg1 endo-α-1,6-mannanases 327:347 the DFG-5 and DCW-1 endo-α-1,6-mannanases 307:347 endo-α-1,6-mannanases 327:347 In this pathway, the DFG-5 and DCW-1 endo-α-1,6-mannanases function to covalently cross-link cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans, which are structurally related to the yeast outer chain mannans, into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 2 7 theme glucan-chitin 521:533 arg1 matrix 535:540 the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix 507:540 the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix 507:540 In this pathway, the DFG-5 and DCW-1 endo-α-1,6-mannanases function to covalently cross-link cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans, which are structurally related to the yeast outer chain mannans, into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 3 8 theme mannan 679:684 arg1 synthesis 641:649 the synthesis 637:649 the synthesis of the N-linked outer chain mannan 637:684 In this report, we demonstrate that the mannosyltransferase enzyme Och1p, which is needed for the synthesis of the N-linked outer chain mannan, is essential for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the Candida albicans cell wall. 26048011 4 9 dep C. 823:824 arg1 albicans 826:833 albicans 826:833 albicans 826:833 Using endoglycosidases, we show that C. albicans cell wall proteins are cross-linked into the cell wall via their N-linked outer chain mannans. 26048011 6 10 theme cell 1221:1224 arg1 wall 1226:1229 the C. albicans cell wall 1205:1229 the C. albicans cell wall 1205:1229 Our results support the hypothesis that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases incorporate cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall by cross-linking outer chain mannans into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 2 11 theme wall 516:519 arg1 matrix 535:540 the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix 507:540 the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix 507:540 In this pathway, the DFG-5 and DCW-1 endo-α-1,6-mannanases function to covalently cross-link cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans, which are structurally related to the yeast outer chain mannans, into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 3 12 gly glycoproteins 735:747 arg1 glycoproteins 735:747 cell wall glycoproteins 725:747 cell wall glycoproteins 725:747 In this report, we demonstrate that the mannosyltransferase enzyme Och1p, which is needed for the synthesis of the N-linked outer chain mannan, is essential for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the Candida albicans cell wall. 26048011 6 13 theme chain 1254:1258 arg1 mannans 1260:1266 outer chain mannans 1248:1266 outer chain mannans 1248:1266 Our results support the hypothesis that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases incorporate cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall by cross-linking outer chain mannans into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 1 14 theme Neurospora 249:258 arg1 crassa 260:265 Neurospora crassa 249:265 Neurospora crassa 249:265 A biochemical pathway for the incorporation of cell wall protein into the cell wall of Neurospora crassa was recently proposed. 26048011 2 15 theme cell 511:514 arg1 matrix 535:540 the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix 507:540 the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix 507:540 In this pathway, the DFG-5 and DCW-1 endo-α-1,6-mannanases function to covalently cross-link cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans, which are structurally related to the yeast outer chain mannans, into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 5 16 theme cell 1076:1079 arg1 wall 1081:1084 the C. albicans cell wall 1060:1084 the C. albicans cell wall 1060:1084 We further demonstrate that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases are needed for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall. 26048011 4 17 theme C. 823:824 arg1 proteins 845:852 C. albicans cell wall proteins 823:852 C. albicans cell wall proteins 823:852 Using endoglycosidases, we show that C. albicans cell wall proteins are cross-linked into the cell wall via their N-linked outer chain mannans. 26048011 2 18 theme wall 388:391 arg1 galactomannans 421:434 cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans 383:434 cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans 383:434 In this pathway, the DFG-5 and DCW-1 endo-α-1,6-mannanases function to covalently cross-link cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans, which are structurally related to the yeast outer chain mannans, into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 1 19 theme biochemical 164:174 arg1 pathway 176:182 A biochemical pathway 162:182 A biochemical pathway for the incorporation of cell wall protein into the cell wall of Neurospora crassa 162:265 A biochemical pathway for the incorporation of cell wall protein into the cell wall of Neurospora crassa was recently proposed. 26048011 0 20 theme N-Linked 4:11 arg1 Mannans 25:31 The N-Linked Outer Chain Mannans 0:31 The N-Linked Outer Chain Mannans 0:31 The N-Linked Outer Chain Mannans and the Dfg5p and Dcw1p Endo-α-1,6-Mannanases Are Needed for Incorporation of Candida albicans Glycoproteins into the Cell Wall. 26048011 4 21 theme cell 835:838 arg1 proteins 845:852 C. albicans cell wall proteins 823:852 C. albicans cell wall proteins 823:852 Using endoglycosidases, we show that C. albicans cell wall proteins are cross-linked into the cell wall via their N-linked outer chain mannans. 26048011 3 22 theme wall 730:733 arg1 glycoproteins 735:747 cell wall glycoproteins 725:747 cell wall glycoproteins 725:747 In this report, we demonstrate that the mannosyltransferase enzyme Och1p, which is needed for the synthesis of the N-linked outer chain mannan, is essential for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the Candida albicans cell wall. 26048011 6 23 theme outer 1248:1252 arg1 mannans 1260:1266 outer chain mannans 1248:1266 outer chain mannans 1248:1266 Our results support the hypothesis that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases incorporate cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall by cross-linking outer chain mannans into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 6 24 dep Dfg5p 1131:1135 arg1 the 1127:1129 the 1127:1129 the 1127:1129 Our results support the hypothesis that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases incorporate cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall by cross-linking outer chain mannans into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 6 24 dep Dfg5p 1131:1135 arg1 α-1,6-mannanases 1147:1162 α-1,6-mannanases 1147:1162 α-1,6-mannanases 1147:1162 Our results support the hypothesis that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases incorporate cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall by cross-linking outer chain mannans into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 6 25 theme wall 1181:1184 arg1 glycoproteins 1186:1198 cell wall glycoproteins 1176:1198 cell wall glycoproteins 1176:1198 Our results support the hypothesis that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases incorporate cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall by cross-linking outer chain mannans into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 1 26 theme crassa 260:265 arg1 wall 241:244 the cell wall 232:244 the cell wall of Neurospora crassa 232:265 A biochemical pathway for the incorporation of cell wall protein into the cell wall of Neurospora crassa was recently proposed. 26048011 5 27 theme wall 1036:1039 arg1 glycoproteins 1041:1053 cell wall glycoproteins 1031:1053 cell wall glycoproteins 1031:1053 We further demonstrate that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases are needed for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall. 26048011 3 28 theme N-linked 658:665 arg1 mannan 679:684 the N-linked outer chain mannan 654:684 the N-linked outer chain mannan 654:684 In this report, we demonstrate that the mannosyltransferase enzyme Och1p, which is needed for the synthesis of the N-linked outer chain mannan, is essential for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the Candida albicans cell wall. 26048011 0 29 theme Chain 19:23 arg1 Mannans 25:31 The N-Linked Outer Chain Mannans 0:31 The N-Linked Outer Chain Mannans 0:31 The N-Linked Outer Chain Mannans and the Dfg5p and Dcw1p Endo-α-1,6-Mannanases Are Needed for Incorporation of Candida albicans Glycoproteins into the Cell Wall. 26048011 3 30 theme glycoproteins 735:747 arg1 incorporation 708:720 the incorporation 704:720 the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the Candida albicans cell wall 704:783 In this report, we demonstrate that the mannosyltransferase enzyme Och1p, which is needed for the synthesis of the N-linked outer chain mannan, is essential for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the Candida albicans cell wall. 26048011 0 31 theme albicans 119:126 arg1 Glycoproteins 128:140 Candida albicans Glycoproteins 111:140 Candida albicans Glycoproteins 111:140 The N-Linked Outer Chain Mannans and the Dfg5p and Dcw1p Endo-α-1,6-Mannanases Are Needed for Incorporation of Candida albicans Glycoproteins into the Cell Wall. 26048011 3 32 theme mannosyltransferase 583:601 arg1 essential 690:698 essential 690:698 essential 690:698 In this report, we demonstrate that the mannosyltransferase enzyme Och1p, which is needed for the synthesis of the N-linked outer chain mannan, is essential for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the Candida albicans cell wall. 26048011 3 32 theme mannosyltransferase 583:601 arg1 Och1p 610:614 the mannosyltransferase enzyme Och1p 579:614 the mannosyltransferase enzyme Och1p 579:614 In this report, we demonstrate that the mannosyltransferase enzyme Och1p, which is needed for the synthesis of the N-linked outer chain mannan, is essential for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the Candida albicans cell wall. 26048011 0 33 theme Outer 13:17 arg1 Mannans 25:31 The N-Linked Outer Chain Mannans 0:31 The N-Linked Outer Chain Mannans 0:31 The N-Linked Outer Chain Mannans and the Dfg5p and Dcw1p Endo-α-1,6-Mannanases Are Needed for Incorporation of Candida albicans Glycoproteins into the Cell Wall. 26048011 0 34 theme Candida 111:117 arg1 albicans 119:126 Candida albicans 111:126 Candida albicans Glycoproteins 111:140 The N-Linked Outer Chain Mannans and the Dfg5p and Dcw1p Endo-α-1,6-Mannanases Are Needed for Incorporation of Candida albicans Glycoproteins into the Cell Wall. 26048011 5 35 theme glycoproteins 1041:1053 arg1 incorporation 1014:1026 the incorporation 1010:1026 the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall 1010:1084 We further demonstrate that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases are needed for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall. 26048011 2 36 theme outer 481:485 arg1 mannans 493:499 the yeast outer chain mannans 471:499 the yeast outer chain mannans 471:499 In this pathway, the DFG-5 and DCW-1 endo-α-1,6-mannanases function to covalently cross-link cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans, which are structurally related to the yeast outer chain mannans, into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 3 37 theme cell 725:728 arg1 glycoproteins 735:747 cell wall glycoproteins 725:747 cell wall glycoproteins 725:747 In this report, we demonstrate that the mannosyltransferase enzyme Och1p, which is needed for the synthesis of the N-linked outer chain mannan, is essential for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the Candida albicans cell wall. 26048011 4 38 theme outer 909:913 arg1 mannans 921:927 their N-linked outer chain mannans 894:927 their N-linked outer chain mannans 894:927 Using endoglycosidases, we show that C. albicans cell wall proteins are cross-linked into the cell wall via their N-linked outer chain mannans. 26048011 0 39 dep Dfg5p 41:45 arg1 the 37:39 the 37:39 the 37:39 The N-Linked Outer Chain Mannans and the Dfg5p and Dcw1p Endo-α-1,6-Mannanases Are Needed for Incorporation of Candida albicans Glycoproteins into the Cell Wall. 26048011 4 40 attach cross-linked 858:869 arg3 mannans 921:927 their N-linked outer chain mannans 894:927 their N-linked outer chain mannans 894:927 Using endoglycosidases, we show that C. albicans cell wall proteins are cross-linked into the cell wall via their N-linked outer chain mannans. 26048011 2 41 theme N-linked 412:419 arg1 galactomannans 421:434 cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans 383:434 cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans 383:434 In this pathway, the DFG-5 and DCW-1 endo-α-1,6-mannanases function to covalently cross-link cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans, which are structurally related to the yeast outer chain mannans, into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 2 42 theme yeast 475:479 arg1 mannans 493:499 the yeast outer chain mannans 471:499 the yeast outer chain mannans 471:499 In this pathway, the DFG-5 and DCW-1 endo-α-1,6-mannanases function to covalently cross-link cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans, which are structurally related to the yeast outer chain mannans, into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 3 43 theme Candida 758:764 arg1 albicans 766:773 Candida albicans 758:773 the Candida albicans cell wall 754:783 In this report, we demonstrate that the mannosyltransferase enzyme Och1p, which is needed for the synthesis of the N-linked outer chain mannan, is essential for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the Candida albicans cell wall. 26048011 0 44 theme Glycoproteins 128:140 arg1 Incorporation 94:106 Incorporation 94:106 Incorporation of Candida albicans Glycoproteins into the Cell Wall 94:159 The N-Linked Outer Chain Mannans and the Dfg5p and Dcw1p Endo-α-1,6-Mannanases Are Needed for Incorporation of Candida albicans Glycoproteins into the Cell Wall. 26048011 3 45 theme enzyme 603:608 arg1 essential 690:698 essential 690:698 essential 690:698 In this report, we demonstrate that the mannosyltransferase enzyme Och1p, which is needed for the synthesis of the N-linked outer chain mannan, is essential for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the Candida albicans cell wall. 26048011 3 45 theme enzyme 603:608 arg1 Och1p 610:614 the mannosyltransferase enzyme Och1p 579:614 the mannosyltransferase enzyme Och1p 579:614 In this report, we demonstrate that the mannosyltransferase enzyme Och1p, which is needed for the synthesis of the N-linked outer chain mannan, is essential for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the Candida albicans cell wall. 26048011 1 46 theme cell 209:212 arg1 protein 219:225 cell wall protein 209:225 cell wall protein 209:225 A biochemical pathway for the incorporation of cell wall protein into the cell wall of Neurospora crassa was recently proposed. 26048011 3 47 theme albicans 766:773 arg1 wall 780:783 the Candida albicans cell wall 754:783 the Candida albicans cell wall 754:783 In this report, we demonstrate that the mannosyltransferase enzyme Och1p, which is needed for the synthesis of the N-linked outer chain mannan, is essential for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the Candida albicans cell wall. 26048011 0 48 theme Cell 151:154 arg1 Wall 156:159 the Cell Wall 147:159 the Cell Wall 147:159 The N-Linked Outer Chain Mannans and the Dfg5p and Dcw1p Endo-α-1,6-Mannanases Are Needed for Incorporation of Candida albicans Glycoproteins into the Cell Wall. 26048011 5 49 theme C. 1064:1065 arg1 wall 1081:1084 the C. albicans cell wall 1060:1084 the C. albicans cell wall 1060:1084 We further demonstrate that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases are needed for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall. 26048011 6 50 theme C. 1209:1210 arg1 wall 1226:1229 the C. albicans cell wall 1205:1229 the C. albicans cell wall 1205:1229 Our results support the hypothesis that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases incorporate cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall by cross-linking outer chain mannans into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 4 51 theme N-linked 900:907 arg1 mannans 921:927 their N-linked outer chain mannans 894:927 their N-linked outer chain mannans 894:927 Using endoglycosidases, we show that C. albicans cell wall proteins are cross-linked into the cell wall via their N-linked outer chain mannans. 26048011 6 52 theme glucan-chitin 1287:1299 arg1 matrix 1301:1306 the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix 1273:1306 the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix 1273:1306 Our results support the hypothesis that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases incorporate cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall by cross-linking outer chain mannans into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 2 53 link N-linked 412:419 arg1 galactomannans 421:434 cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans 383:434 cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans 383:434 In this pathway, the DFG-5 and DCW-1 endo-α-1,6-mannanases function to covalently cross-link cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans, which are structurally related to the yeast outer chain mannans, into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 2 54 theme DFG-5 311:315 arg1 endo-α-1,6-mannanases 327:347 the DFG-5 and DCW-1 endo-α-1,6-mannanases 307:347 endo-α-1,6-mannanases 327:347 In this pathway, the DFG-5 and DCW-1 endo-α-1,6-mannanases function to covalently cross-link cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans, which are structurally related to the yeast outer chain mannans, into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 6 55 theme wall 1282:1285 arg1 matrix 1301:1306 the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix 1273:1306 the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix 1273:1306 Our results support the hypothesis that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases incorporate cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall by cross-linking outer chain mannans into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 3 56 theme outer 667:671 arg1 mannan 679:684 the N-linked outer chain mannan 654:684 the N-linked outer chain mannan 654:684 In this report, we demonstrate that the mannosyltransferase enzyme Och1p, which is needed for the synthesis of the N-linked outer chain mannan, is essential for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the Candida albicans cell wall. 26048011 5 57 theme Dfg5p 962:966 arg1 α-1,6-mannanases 978:993 the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases 958:993 the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases 958:993 We further demonstrate that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases are needed for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall. 26048011 6 58 theme albicans 1212:1219 arg1 wall 1226:1229 the C. albicans cell wall 1205:1229 the C. albicans cell wall 1205:1229 Our results support the hypothesis that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases incorporate cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall by cross-linking outer chain mannans into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 5 59 gly glycoproteins 1041:1053 arg1 glycoproteins 1041:1053 cell wall glycoproteins 1031:1053 cell wall glycoproteins 1031:1053 We further demonstrate that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases are needed for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall. 26048011 1 60 theme wall 214:217 arg1 protein 219:225 cell wall protein 209:225 cell wall protein 209:225 A biochemical pathway for the incorporation of cell wall protein into the cell wall of Neurospora crassa was recently proposed. 26048011 4 61 theme cell 880:883 arg1 wall 885:888 the cell wall 876:888 the cell wall 876:888 Using endoglycosidases, we show that C. albicans cell wall proteins are cross-linked into the cell wall via their N-linked outer chain mannans. 26048011 5 62 theme cell 1031:1034 arg1 glycoproteins 1041:1053 cell wall glycoproteins 1031:1053 cell wall glycoproteins 1031:1053 We further demonstrate that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases are needed for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall. 26048011 3 63 link N-linked 658:665 arg1 mannan 679:684 the N-linked outer chain mannan 654:684 the N-linked outer chain mannan 654:684 In this report, we demonstrate that the mannosyltransferase enzyme Och1p, which is needed for the synthesis of the N-linked outer chain mannan, is essential for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the Candida albicans cell wall. 26048011 1 64 theme protein 219:225 arg1 incorporation 192:204 the incorporation 188:204 the incorporation of cell wall protein into the cell wall of Neurospora crassa 188:265 A biochemical pathway for the incorporation of cell wall protein into the cell wall of Neurospora crassa was recently proposed. 26048011 6 65 gly glycoproteins 1186:1198 arg1 glycoproteins 1186:1198 cell wall glycoproteins 1176:1198 cell wall glycoproteins 1176:1198 Our results support the hypothesis that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases incorporate cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall by cross-linking outer chain mannans into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 2 66 theme protein-associated 393:410 arg1 galactomannans 421:434 cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans 383:434 cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans 383:434 In this pathway, the DFG-5 and DCW-1 endo-α-1,6-mannanases function to covalently cross-link cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans, which are structurally related to the yeast outer chain mannans, into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 5 67 theme Dcw1p 972:976 arg1 α-1,6-mannanases 978:993 the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases 958:993 the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases 958:993 We further demonstrate that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases are needed for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall. 26048011 2 68 theme cell 383:386 arg1 galactomannans 421:434 cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans 383:434 cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans 383:434 In this pathway, the DFG-5 and DCW-1 endo-α-1,6-mannanases function to covalently cross-link cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans, which are structurally related to the yeast outer chain mannans, into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 3 69 theme cell 775:778 arg1 wall 780:783 the Candida albicans cell wall 754:783 the Candida albicans cell wall 754:783 In this report, we demonstrate that the mannosyltransferase enzyme Och1p, which is needed for the synthesis of the N-linked outer chain mannan, is essential for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the Candida albicans cell wall. 26048011 4 70 link N-linked 900:907 arg1 mannans 921:927 their N-linked outer chain mannans 894:927 their N-linked outer chain mannans 894:927 Using endoglycosidases, we show that C. albicans cell wall proteins are cross-linked into the cell wall via their N-linked outer chain mannans. 26048011 6 71 theme cell 1176:1179 arg1 glycoproteins 1186:1198 cell wall glycoproteins 1176:1198 cell wall glycoproteins 1176:1198 Our results support the hypothesis that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases incorporate cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall by cross-linking outer chain mannans into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. 26048011 4 72 theme chain 915:919 arg1 mannans 921:927 their N-linked outer chain mannans 894:927 their N-linked outer chain mannans 894:927 Using endoglycosidases, we show that C. albicans cell wall proteins are cross-linked into the cell wall via their N-linked outer chain mannans. 27856189 0 0 theme cellobiohydrolases 75:92 arg1 machinery 62:70 the processive machinery 47:70 the processive machinery of cellobiohydrolases 47:92 N-Linked glycans are an important component of the processive machinery of cellobiohydrolases. 27856189 6 1 theme influence 1012:1020 arg1 mechanism 986:994 The mechanism 982:994 The mechanism of the N-glycan influence 982:1020 The mechanism of the N-glycan influence seems to be universal for GH6 and GH7 CBHs. 27856189 6 1 theme influence 1012:1020 arg1 universal 1034:1042 universal 1034:1042 universal 1034:1042 The mechanism of the N-glycan influence seems to be universal for GH6 and GH7 CBHs. 27856189 9 2 theme protein 1596:1602 arg1 techniques 1616:1625 protein engineering techniques 1596:1625 protein engineering techniques 1596:1625 Data obtained should be taken into account during development of new and more effective biocatalysts by protein engineering techniques. 27856189 5 3 from increase 852:859 arg1 degree 868:873 the degree 864:873 the degree of processivity of recombinant forms of PvCel6A 864:921 The decrease or increase in the degree of processivity of recombinant forms of PvCel6A generally correlated with activity changes against Avicel. 27856189 3 4 theme glycans 492:498 arg1 influence 470:478 The influence 466:478 The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) 466:597 The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues. 27856189 3 5 from processivity 520:531 arg1 PvCel6A 590:596 PvCel6A 590:596 PvCel6A 590:596 The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues. 27856189 3 5 from processivity 520:531 arg1 verruculosum 576:587 Penicillium verruculosum 564:587 Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) 564:597 The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues. 27856189 5 6 theme activity 949:956 arg1 changes 958:964 activity changes 949:964 activity changes against Avicel 949:979 The decrease or increase in the degree of processivity of recombinant forms of PvCel6A generally correlated with activity changes against Avicel. 27856189 9 7 theme engineering 1604:1614 arg1 techniques 1616:1625 protein engineering techniques 1596:1625 protein engineering techniques 1596:1625 Data obtained should be taken into account during development of new and more effective biocatalysts by protein engineering techniques. 27856189 5 8 theme processivity 878:889 arg1 degree 868:873 the degree 864:873 the degree of processivity of recombinant forms of PvCel6A 864:921 The decrease or increase in the degree of processivity of recombinant forms of PvCel6A generally correlated with activity changes against Avicel. 27856189 1 9 theme cellulase 215:223 arg1 systems 225:231 cellulase systems 215:231 cellulase systems of filamentous fungi involved in biodegradation of cellulose in nature 215:302 Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs), belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 6 and 7 (GH6 and GH7), are the major components of cellulase systems of filamentous fungi involved in biodegradation of cellulose in nature. 27856189 8 10 theme catalytic 1454:1462 arg1 machinery 1464:1472 processive catalytic machinery 1443:1472 processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes 1443:1489 This study, together with data of other researchers, strongly suggests that the N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs are involved in processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes. 27856189 1 11 from biodegradation 266:279 arg1 nature 297:302 nature 297:302 nature 297:302 Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs), belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 6 and 7 (GH6 and GH7), are the major components of cellulase systems of filamentous fungi involved in biodegradation of cellulose in nature. 27856189 9 12 theme new 1557:1559 arg1 biocatalysts 1580:1591 new and more effective biocatalysts 1557:1591 new and more effective biocatalysts 1557:1591 Data obtained should be taken into account during development of new and more effective biocatalysts by protein engineering techniques. 27856189 3 13 dep activity 507:514 arg1 the 503:505 the 503:505 the 503:505 The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues. 27856189 1 14 theme systems 225:231 arg1 Cellobiohydrolases 95:112 Cellobiohydrolases 95:112 Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) 95:119 Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs), belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 6 and 7 (GH6 and GH7), are the major components of cellulase systems of filamentous fungi involved in biodegradation of cellulose in nature. 27856189 1 14 theme systems 225:231 arg1 components 201:210 the major components 191:210 the major components of cellulase systems of filamentous fungi involved in biodegradation of cellulose in nature 191:302 Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs), belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 6 and 7 (GH6 and GH7), are the major components of cellulase systems of filamentous fungi involved in biodegradation of cellulose in nature. 27856189 8 15 theme researchers 1325:1335 arg1 data 1311:1314 data 1311:1314 data of other researchers 1311:1335 This study, together with data of other researchers, strongly suggests that the N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs are involved in processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes. 27856189 4 16 theme globule 742:748 arg1 surface 721:727 the surface 717:727 the surface of a protein globule 717:748 Depending on the position of N-glycans on the surface of a protein globule, they affected the enzyme activity against cellulose either negatively or positively. 27856189 3 17 theme recombinant 536:546 arg1 CBH 552:554 recombinant GH6 CBH II 536:557 recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) 536:597 The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues. 27856189 5 18 theme PvCel6A 915:921 arg1 forms 906:910 recombinant forms 894:910 recombinant forms of PvCel6A 894:921 The decrease or increase in the degree of processivity of recombinant forms of PvCel6A generally correlated with activity changes against Avicel. 27856189 5 19 theme recombinant 894:904 arg1 forms 906:910 recombinant forms 894:910 recombinant forms of PvCel6A 894:921 The decrease or increase in the degree of processivity of recombinant forms of PvCel6A generally correlated with activity changes against Avicel. 27856189 3 20 from activity 507:514 arg1 PvCel6A 590:596 PvCel6A 590:596 PvCel6A 590:596 The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues. 27856189 3 20 from activity 507:514 arg1 verruculosum 576:587 Penicillium verruculosum 564:587 Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) 564:597 The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues. 27856189 0 21 theme N-Linked 0:7 arg1 component 34:42 an important component 21:42 an important component of the processive machinery of cellobiohydrolases 21:92 N-Linked glycans are an important component of the processive machinery of cellobiohydrolases. 27856189 0 21 theme N-Linked 0:7 arg1 glycans 9:15 N-Linked glycans 0:15 N-Linked glycans 0:15 N-Linked glycans are an important component of the processive machinery of cellobiohydrolases. 27856189 2 22 theme catalytic 364:372 arg1 domains 374:380 the catalytic domains 360:380 the catalytic domains of GH7 CBHs 360:392 Previous studies demonstrated that N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH7 CBHs significantly affect the enzyme activity against cellulosic substrates. 27856189 2 22 theme catalytic 364:372 arg1 CBHs 389:392 GH7 CBHs 385:392 GH7 CBHs 385:392 Previous studies demonstrated that N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH7 CBHs significantly affect the enzyme activity against cellulosic substrates. 27856189 7 23 theme mechanistic 1143:1153 arg1 model 1155:1159 a mechanistic model 1141:1159 a mechanistic model that also makes clear our previously published data on the highly active CBH IIb from Myceliophthora thermophila (MtCel6B) 1141:1282 The observed effects for CBHs from both families are explained in terms of a mechanistic model that also makes clear our previously published data on the highly active CBH IIb from Myceliophthora thermophila (MtCel6B). 27856189 2 24 link N-linked 340:347 arg1 glycans 349:355 N-linked glycans 340:355 N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH7 CBHs 340:392 Previous studies demonstrated that N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH7 CBHs significantly affect the enzyme activity against cellulosic substrates. 27856189 7 25 dep Myceliophthora 1247:1260 arg1 thermophila 1262:1272 Myceliophthora thermophila 1247:1272 Myceliophthora thermophila (MtCel6B) 1247:1282 The observed effects for CBHs from both families are explained in terms of a mechanistic model that also makes clear our previously published data on the highly active CBH IIb from Myceliophthora thermophila (MtCel6B). 27856189 3 26 from influence 470:478 arg1 processivity 520:531 processivity 520:531 processivity 520:531 The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues. 27856189 3 26 from influence 470:478 arg1 activity 507:514 activity 507:514 activity 507:514 The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues. 27856189 1 27 dep families 155:162 arg1 7 170:170 7 170:170 7 170:170 Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs), belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 6 and 7 (GH6 and GH7), are the major components of cellulase systems of filamentous fungi involved in biodegradation of cellulose in nature. 27856189 1 27 dep families 155:162 arg1 6 164:164 6 164:164 6 164:164 Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs), belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 6 and 7 (GH6 and GH7), are the major components of cellulase systems of filamentous fungi involved in biodegradation of cellulose in nature. 27856189 6 28 theme GH7 1056:1058 arg1 CBHs 1060:1063 GH7 CBHs 1056:1063 GH7 CBHs 1056:1063 The mechanism of the N-glycan influence seems to be universal for GH6 and GH7 CBHs. 27856189 2 29 theme enzyme 419:424 arg1 activity 426:433 the enzyme activity 415:433 the enzyme activity against cellulosic substrates 415:463 Previous studies demonstrated that N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH7 CBHs significantly affect the enzyme activity against cellulosic substrates. 27856189 1 30 theme filamentous 236:246 arg1 fungi 248:252 filamentous fungi 236:252 filamentous fungi involved in biodegradation of cellulose in nature 236:302 Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs), belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 6 and 7 (GH6 and GH7), are the major components of cellulase systems of filamentous fungi involved in biodegradation of cellulose in nature. 27856189 7 31 theme observed 1070:1077 arg1 effects 1079:1085 The observed effects 1066:1085 The observed effects for CBHs from both families 1066:1113 The observed effects for CBHs from both families are explained in terms of a mechanistic model that also makes clear our previously published data on the highly active CBH IIb from Myceliophthora thermophila (MtCel6B). 27856189 2 32 from glycans 349:355 arg1 domains 374:380 the catalytic domains 360:380 the catalytic domains of GH7 CBHs 360:392 Previous studies demonstrated that N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH7 CBHs significantly affect the enzyme activity against cellulosic substrates. 27856189 2 32 from glycans 349:355 arg1 CBHs 389:392 GH7 CBHs 385:392 GH7 CBHs 385:392 Previous studies demonstrated that N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH7 CBHs significantly affect the enzyme activity against cellulosic substrates. 27856189 8 33 theme other 1319:1323 arg1 researchers 1325:1335 other researchers 1319:1335 other researchers 1319:1335 This study, together with data of other researchers, strongly suggests that the N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs are involved in processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes. 27856189 1 34 theme fungi 248:252 arg1 systems 225:231 cellulase systems 215:231 cellulase systems of filamentous fungi involved in biodegradation of cellulose in nature 215:302 Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs), belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 6 and 7 (GH6 and GH7), are the major components of cellulase systems of filamentous fungi involved in biodegradation of cellulose in nature. 27856189 7 35 from Myceliophthora 1247:1260 arg1 data 1208:1211 our previously published data 1183:1211 our previously published data on the highly active CBH IIb from Myceliophthora thermophila (MtCel6B) 1183:1282 The observed effects for CBHs from both families are explained in terms of a mechanistic model that also makes clear our previously published data on the highly active CBH IIb from Myceliophthora thermophila (MtCel6B). 27856189 3 36 theme GH6 548:550 arg1 CBH 552:554 recombinant GH6 CBH II 536:557 recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) 536:597 The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues. 27856189 3 37 from verruculosum 576:587 arg1 CBH 552:554 recombinant GH6 CBH II 536:557 recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) 536:597 The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues. 27856189 3 37 from verruculosum 576:587 arg1 processivity 520:531 processivity 520:531 processivity 520:531 The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues. 27856189 3 37 from verruculosum 576:587 arg1 activity 507:514 activity 507:514 activity 507:514 The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues. 27856189 7 38 from data 1208:1211 arg1 IIb 1238:1240 the highly active CBH IIb 1216:1240 the highly active CBH IIb 1216:1240 The observed effects for CBHs from both families are explained in terms of a mechanistic model that also makes clear our previously published data on the highly active CBH IIb from Myceliophthora thermophila (MtCel6B). 27856189 3 39 theme CBH 552:554 arg1 processivity 520:531 processivity 520:531 processivity 520:531 The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues. 27856189 3 39 theme CBH 552:554 arg1 activity 507:514 activity 507:514 activity 507:514 The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues. 27856189 2 40 theme CBHs 389:392 arg1 domains 374:380 the catalytic domains 360:380 the catalytic domains of GH7 CBHs 360:392 Previous studies demonstrated that N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH7 CBHs significantly affect the enzyme activity against cellulosic substrates. 27856189 2 40 theme CBHs 389:392 arg1 CBHs 389:392 GH7 CBHs 385:392 GH7 CBHs 385:392 Previous studies demonstrated that N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH7 CBHs significantly affect the enzyme activity against cellulosic substrates. 27856189 3 41 theme N-linked 483:490 arg1 glycans 492:498 N-linked glycans 483:498 N-linked glycans 483:498 The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues. 27856189 7 42 theme model 1155:1159 arg1 terms 1132:1136 terms 1132:1136 terms of a mechanistic model that also makes clear our previously published data on the highly active CBH IIb from Myceliophthora thermophila (MtCel6B) 1132:1282 The observed effects for CBHs from both families are explained in terms of a mechanistic model that also makes clear our previously published data on the highly active CBH IIb from Myceliophthora thermophila (MtCel6B). 27856189 8 43 from glycans 1374:1380 arg1 GH6 1410:1412 GH6 1410:1412 GH6 1410:1412 This study, together with data of other researchers, strongly suggests that the N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs are involved in processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes. 27856189 8 43 from glycans 1374:1380 arg1 domains 1399:1405 the catalytic domains 1385:1405 the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs 1385:1425 This study, together with data of other researchers, strongly suggests that the N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs are involved in processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes. 27856189 8 43 from glycans 1374:1380 arg1 GH7 1418:1420 GH7 1418:1420 GH7 1418:1420 This study, together with data of other researchers, strongly suggests that the N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs are involved in processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes. 27856189 2 44 theme GH7 385:387 arg1 CBHs 389:392 GH7 CBHs 385:392 GH7 CBHs 385:392 Previous studies demonstrated that N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH7 CBHs significantly affect the enzyme activity against cellulosic substrates. 27856189 0 45 theme important 24:32 arg1 component 34:42 an important component 21:42 an important component of the processive machinery of cellobiohydrolases 21:92 N-Linked glycans are an important component of the processive machinery of cellobiohydrolases. 27856189 0 45 theme important 24:32 arg1 glycans 9:15 N-Linked glycans 0:15 N-Linked glycans 0:15 N-Linked glycans are an important component of the processive machinery of cellobiohydrolases. 27856189 3 46 theme site-directed 617:629 arg1 mutagenesis 631:641 site-directed mutagenesis 617:641 site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues 617:672 The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues. 27856189 5 47 theme forms 906:910 arg1 processivity 878:889 processivity 878:889 processivity of recombinant forms of PvCel6A 878:921 The decrease or increase in the degree of processivity of recombinant forms of PvCel6A generally correlated with activity changes against Avicel. 27856189 9 48 theme biocatalysts 1580:1591 arg1 development 1542:1552 development 1542:1552 development of new and more effective biocatalysts by protein engineering techniques 1542:1625 Data obtained should be taken into account during development of new and more effective biocatalysts by protein engineering techniques. 27856189 7 49 from families 1106:1113 arg1 CBHs 1091:1094 CBHs 1091:1094 CBHs from both families 1091:1113 The observed effects for CBHs from both families are explained in terms of a mechanistic model that also makes clear our previously published data on the highly active CBH IIb from Myceliophthora thermophila (MtCel6B). 27856189 2 50 theme cellulosic 443:452 arg1 substrates 454:463 cellulosic substrates 443:463 cellulosic substrates 443:463 Previous studies demonstrated that N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH7 CBHs significantly affect the enzyme activity against cellulosic substrates. 27856189 8 51 dep GH6 1410:1412 arg1 CBHs 1422:1425 CBHs 1422:1425 CBHs 1422:1425 This study, together with data of other researchers, strongly suggests that the N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs are involved in processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes. 27856189 8 52 theme GH6 1410:1412 arg1 GH6 1410:1412 GH6 1410:1412 GH6 1410:1412 This study, together with data of other researchers, strongly suggests that the N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs are involved in processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes. 27856189 8 52 theme GH6 1410:1412 arg1 domains 1399:1405 the catalytic domains 1385:1405 the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs 1385:1425 This study, together with data of other researchers, strongly suggests that the N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs are involved in processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes. 27856189 8 52 theme GH6 1410:1412 arg1 GH7 1418:1420 GH7 1418:1420 GH7 1418:1420 This study, together with data of other researchers, strongly suggests that the N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs are involved in processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes. 27856189 8 53 theme N-linked 1365:1372 arg1 glycans 1374:1380 the N-linked glycans 1361:1380 the N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs 1361:1425 This study, together with data of other researchers, strongly suggests that the N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs are involved in processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes. 27856189 5 54 from decrease 840:847 arg1 degree 868:873 the degree 864:873 the degree of processivity of recombinant forms of PvCel6A 864:921 The decrease or increase in the degree of processivity of recombinant forms of PvCel6A generally correlated with activity changes against Avicel. 27856189 4 55 theme N-glycans 704:712 arg1 position 692:699 the position 688:699 the position of N-glycans on the surface of a protein globule 688:748 Depending on the position of N-glycans on the surface of a protein globule, they affected the enzyme activity against cellulose either negatively or positively. 27856189 1 56 theme cellulose 284:292 arg1 biodegradation 266:279 biodegradation 266:279 biodegradation of cellulose in nature 266:302 Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs), belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 6 and 7 (GH6 and GH7), are the major components of cellulase systems of filamentous fungi involved in biodegradation of cellulose in nature. 27856189 7 57 theme published 1198:1206 arg1 data 1208:1211 our previously published data 1183:1211 our previously published data on the highly active CBH IIb from Myceliophthora thermophila (MtCel6B) 1183:1282 The observed effects for CBHs from both families are explained in terms of a mechanistic model that also makes clear our previously published data on the highly active CBH IIb from Myceliophthora thermophila (MtCel6B). 27856189 3 58 theme residues 665:672 arg1 mutagenesis 631:641 site-directed mutagenesis 617:641 site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues 617:672 The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues. 27856189 1 59 dep 7 170:170 arg1 GH7 181:183 GH7 181:183 GH7 181:183 Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs), belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 6 and 7 (GH6 and GH7), are the major components of cellulase systems of filamentous fungi involved in biodegradation of cellulose in nature. 27856189 1 59 dep 7 170:170 arg1 GH6 173:175 GH6 173:175 GH6 173:175 Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs), belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 6 and 7 (GH6 and GH7), are the major components of cellulase systems of filamentous fungi involved in biodegradation of cellulose in nature. 27856189 2 60 theme Previous 305:312 arg1 studies 314:320 Previous studies 305:320 Previous studies 305:320 Previous studies demonstrated that N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH7 CBHs significantly affect the enzyme activity against cellulosic substrates. 27856189 7 61 theme active 1227:1232 arg1 IIb 1238:1240 the highly active CBH IIb 1216:1240 the highly active CBH IIb 1216:1240 The observed effects for CBHs from both families are explained in terms of a mechanistic model that also makes clear our previously published data on the highly active CBH IIb from Myceliophthora thermophila (MtCel6B). 27856189 8 62 theme GH7 1418:1420 arg1 GH6 1410:1412 GH6 1410:1412 GH6 1410:1412 This study, together with data of other researchers, strongly suggests that the N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs are involved in processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes. 27856189 8 62 theme GH7 1418:1420 arg1 domains 1399:1405 the catalytic domains 1385:1405 the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs 1385:1425 This study, together with data of other researchers, strongly suggests that the N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs are involved in processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes. 27856189 8 62 theme GH7 1418:1420 arg1 GH7 1418:1420 GH7 1418:1420 GH7 1418:1420 This study, together with data of other researchers, strongly suggests that the N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs are involved in processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes. 27856189 4 63 theme enzyme 769:774 arg1 activity 776:783 the enzyme activity 765:783 the enzyme activity against cellulose 765:801 Depending on the position of N-glycans on the surface of a protein globule, they affected the enzyme activity against cellulose either negatively or positively. 27856189 7 64 theme CBH 1234:1236 arg1 IIb 1238:1240 the highly active CBH IIb 1216:1240 the highly active CBH IIb 1216:1240 The observed effects for CBHs from both families are explained in terms of a mechanistic model that also makes clear our previously published data on the highly active CBH IIb from Myceliophthora thermophila (MtCel6B). 27856189 4 65 theme protein 734:740 arg1 globule 742:748 a protein globule 732:748 a protein globule 732:748 Depending on the position of N-glycans on the surface of a protein globule, they affected the enzyme activity against cellulose either negatively or positively. 27856189 8 66 link N-linked 1365:1372 arg1 glycans 1374:1380 the N-linked glycans 1361:1380 the N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs 1361:1425 This study, together with data of other researchers, strongly suggests that the N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs are involved in processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes. 27856189 3 67 link N-linked 483:490 arg1 glycans 492:498 N-linked glycans 483:498 N-linked glycans 483:498 The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues. 27856189 3 68 theme respective 650:659 arg1 residues 665:672 the respective Asn residues 646:672 the respective Asn residues 646:672 The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues. 27856189 9 69 theme effective 1570:1578 arg1 biocatalysts 1580:1591 new and more effective biocatalysts 1557:1591 new and more effective biocatalysts 1557:1591 Data obtained should be taken into account during development of new and more effective biocatalysts by protein engineering techniques. 27856189 1 70 theme hydrolase 145:153 arg1 families 155:162 glycoside hydrolase families 6 and 7 (GH6 and GH7) 135:184 glycoside hydrolase families 6 and 7 (GH6 and GH7) 135:184 Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs), belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 6 and 7 (GH6 and GH7), are the major components of cellulase systems of filamentous fungi involved in biodegradation of cellulose in nature. 27856189 0 71 theme machinery 62:70 arg1 component 34:42 an important component 21:42 an important component of the processive machinery of cellobiohydrolases 21:92 N-Linked glycans are an important component of the processive machinery of cellobiohydrolases. 27856189 0 71 theme machinery 62:70 arg1 glycans 9:15 N-Linked glycans 0:15 N-Linked glycans 0:15 N-Linked glycans are an important component of the processive machinery of cellobiohydrolases. 27856189 3 72 theme Asn 661:663 arg1 residues 665:672 the respective Asn residues 646:672 the respective Asn residues 646:672 The influence of N-linked glycans on the activity and processivity of recombinant GH6 CBH II from Penicillium verruculosum (PvCel6A) was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of the respective Asn residues. 27856189 8 73 theme catalytic 1389:1397 arg1 GH6 1410:1412 GH6 1410:1412 GH6 1410:1412 This study, together with data of other researchers, strongly suggests that the N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs are involved in processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes. 27856189 8 73 theme catalytic 1389:1397 arg1 domains 1399:1405 the catalytic domains 1385:1405 the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs 1385:1425 This study, together with data of other researchers, strongly suggests that the N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs are involved in processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes. 27856189 8 73 theme catalytic 1389:1397 arg1 GH7 1418:1420 GH7 1418:1420 GH7 1418:1420 This study, together with data of other researchers, strongly suggests that the N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs are involved in processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes. 27856189 8 74 theme enzymes 1483:1489 arg1 machinery 1464:1472 processive catalytic machinery 1443:1472 processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes 1443:1489 This study, together with data of other researchers, strongly suggests that the N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs are involved in processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes. 27856189 1 75 theme glycoside 135:143 arg1 families 155:162 glycoside hydrolase families 6 and 7 (GH6 and GH7) 135:184 glycoside hydrolase families 6 and 7 (GH6 and GH7) 135:184 Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs), belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 6 and 7 (GH6 and GH7), are the major components of cellulase systems of filamentous fungi involved in biodegradation of cellulose in nature. 27856189 1 76 theme major 195:199 arg1 Cellobiohydrolases 95:112 Cellobiohydrolases 95:112 Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) 95:119 Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs), belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 6 and 7 (GH6 and GH7), are the major components of cellulase systems of filamentous fungi involved in biodegradation of cellulose in nature. 27856189 1 76 theme major 195:199 arg1 components 201:210 the major components 191:210 the major components of cellulase systems of filamentous fungi involved in biodegradation of cellulose in nature 191:302 Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs), belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 6 and 7 (GH6 and GH7), are the major components of cellulase systems of filamentous fungi involved in biodegradation of cellulose in nature. 27856189 0 77 theme processive 51:60 arg1 machinery 62:70 the processive machinery 47:70 the processive machinery of cellobiohydrolases 47:92 N-Linked glycans are an important component of the processive machinery of cellobiohydrolases. 27856189 8 78 theme processive 1443:1452 arg1 machinery 1464:1472 processive catalytic machinery 1443:1472 processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes 1443:1489 This study, together with data of other researchers, strongly suggests that the N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH6 and GH7 CBHs are involved in processive catalytic machinery of these enzymes. 27856189 2 79 theme N-linked 340:347 arg1 glycans 349:355 N-linked glycans 340:355 N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH7 CBHs 340:392 Previous studies demonstrated that N-linked glycans in the catalytic domains of GH7 CBHs significantly affect the enzyme activity against cellulosic substrates. 27856189 4 80 from position 692:699 arg1 surface 721:727 the surface 717:727 the surface of a protein globule 717:748 Depending on the position of N-glycans on the surface of a protein globule, they affected the enzyme activity against cellulose either negatively or positively. 27856189 6 81 theme N-glycan 1003:1010 arg1 influence 1012:1020 the N-glycan influence 999:1020 the N-glycan influence 999:1020 The mechanism of the N-glycan influence seems to be universal for GH6 and GH7 CBHs. 27402830 4 0 theme ovarian 853:859 arg1 cancer 861:866 ovarian cancer 853:866 ovarian cancer 853:866 Because ovarian cancer has a high frequency of p53 mutation rates, we decided to investigate the relationship between O-GlcNAcylation and p53 function in ovarian cancer. 27402830 6 1 theme cell 1079:1082 arg1 lines 1084:1088 ovarian tumor cell lines 1065:1088 ovarian tumor cell lines not expressing the protein p53 1065:1119 Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation was increased, and OGA protein and mRNA levels were decreased in ovarian tumor cell lines not expressing the protein p53. 27402830 9 2 theme cell 1528:1531 arg1 arrest 1539:1544 enhanced cell cycle arrest 1519:1544 enhanced cell cycle arrest 1519:1544 Combination treatment of the chemotherapeutic cisplatin with TMG decreased tumor cell growth and enhanced cell cycle arrest without impairing cytotoxicity. 27402830 10 3 from effects 1582:1588 arg1 growth 1611:1616 tumor cell growth 1600:1616 tumor cell growth 1600:1616 The effects of TMG on tumor cell growth were partially dependent on wild type p53 activation. 27402830 11 4 from pathway 1746:1752 arg1 cells 1772:1776 ovarian cancer cells 1757:1776 ovarian cancer cells 1757:1776 In conclusion, changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis activate the wild type p53 pathway in ovarian cancer cells, and OGA inhibition has the potential as an adjuvant treatment for ovarian carcinoma. 27402830 11 5 theme ovarian 1757:1763 arg1 cells 1772:1776 ovarian cancer cells 1757:1776 ovarian cancer cells 1757:1776 In conclusion, changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis activate the wild type p53 pathway in ovarian cancer cells, and OGA inhibition has the potential as an adjuvant treatment for ovarian carcinoma. 27402830 3 6 contain contain 637:643 arg1 tumors 630:635 most solid tumors 619:635 most solid tumors 619:635 Interestingly, the tumor suppressor p53 is modified by O-GlcNAc, and most solid tumors contain mutations in p53 leading to the loss of p53 function. 27402830 3 6 contain contain 637:643 arg2 mutations 645:653 mutations 645:653 mutations in p53 leading to the loss of p53 function 645:696 Interestingly, the tumor suppressor p53 is modified by O-GlcNAc, and most solid tumors contain mutations in p53 leading to the loss of p53 function. 27402830 5 7 theme tissue 932:937 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 907:921 O-GlcNAcylation 907:921 O-GlcNAcylation of tumor tissue in an ovarian tumor microarray 907:968 We measured a significant decrease in O-GlcNAcylation of tumor tissue in an ovarian tumor microarray. 27402830 4 8 contain has 722:724 arg2 frequency 733:741 a high frequency 726:741 a high frequency of p53 mutation rates 726:763 Because ovarian cancer has a high frequency of p53 mutation rates, we decided to investigate the relationship between O-GlcNAcylation and p53 function in ovarian cancer. 27402830 4 8 contain has 722:724 arg1 cancer 715:720 ovarian cancer 707:720 ovarian cancer 707:720 Because ovarian cancer has a high frequency of p53 mutation rates, we decided to investigate the relationship between O-GlcNAcylation and p53 function in ovarian cancer. 27402830 3 9 theme tumor 569:573 arg1 p53 586:588 the tumor suppressor p53 565:588 the tumor suppressor p53 565:588 Interestingly, the tumor suppressor p53 is modified by O-GlcNAc, and most solid tumors contain mutations in p53 leading to the loss of p53 function. 27402830 8 10 from changes 1364:1370 arg1 homeostasis 1384:1394 O-GlcNAc homeostasis 1375:1394 O-GlcNAc homeostasis 1375:1394 These data suggest that changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis activate the p53 pathway. 27402830 1 11 theme single 206:211 arg1 sugar 233:237 a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar 204:237 a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 204:345 O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), whereas the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. 27402830 2 12 from changes 483:489 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 494:508 O-GlcNAcylation 494:508 O-GlcNAcylation 494:508 In cancer, tumor samples present with altered O-GlcNAcylation; however, changes in O-GlcNAcylation are not consistent between tumor types. 27402830 7 13 theme target 1326:1331 arg1 genes 1333:1337 p53 target genes 1322:1337 p53 target genes 1322:1337 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 11 14 theme ovarian 1845:1851 arg1 carcinoma 1853:1861 ovarian carcinoma 1845:1861 ovarian carcinoma 1845:1861 In conclusion, changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis activate the wild type p53 pathway in ovarian cancer cells, and OGA inhibition has the potential as an adjuvant treatment for ovarian carcinoma. 27402830 10 15 theme TMG 1593:1595 arg1 dependent 1633:1641 dependent 1633:1641 dependent 1633:1641 The effects of TMG on tumor cell growth were partially dependent on wild type p53 activation. 27402830 10 15 theme TMG 1593:1595 arg1 effects 1582:1588 The effects 1578:1588 The effects of TMG on tumor cell growth 1578:1616 The effects of TMG on tumor cell growth were partially dependent on wild type p53 activation. 27402830 7 16 theme OGA 1141:1143 arg1 TMG 1166:1168 TMG 1166:1168 TMG 1166:1168 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 7 16 theme OGA 1141:1143 arg1 Thiamet-G 1155:1163 the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G 1137:1163 the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG) 1137:1169 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 2 17 with present 436:442 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 457:471 altered O-GlcNAcylation 449:471 altered O-GlcNAcylation 449:471 In cancer, tumor samples present with altered O-GlcNAcylation; however, changes in O-GlcNAcylation are not consistent between tumor types. 27402830 1 18 theme sugar 233:237 arg1 addition 192:199 the addition 188:199 the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 188:345 O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), whereas the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. 27402830 1 19 dep serine 242:247 arg1 residues 263:270 residues 263:270 residues 263:270 O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), whereas the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. 27402830 1 20 from threonine 253:261 arg1 proteins 275:282 proteins 275:282 proteins 275:282 O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), whereas the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. 27402830 7 21 theme mRNA 1307:1310 arg1 levels 1312:1317 increased protein and mRNA levels 1285:1317 increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes 1285:1337 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 3 22 mod modified 593:600 arg3 O-GlcNAc 605:612 O-GlcNAc 605:612 O-GlcNAc 605:612 Interestingly, the tumor suppressor p53 is modified by O-GlcNAc, and most solid tumors contain mutations in p53 leading to the loss of p53 function. 27402830 3 22 mod modified 593:600 arg1 p53 586:588 the tumor suppressor p53 565:588 the tumor suppressor p53 565:588 Interestingly, the tumor suppressor p53 is modified by O-GlcNAc, and most solid tumors contain mutations in p53 leading to the loss of p53 function. 27402830 1 23 from serine 242:247 arg1 proteins 275:282 proteins 275:282 proteins 275:282 O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), whereas the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. 27402830 3 24 theme solid 624:628 arg1 tumors 630:635 most solid tumors 619:635 most solid tumors 619:635 Interestingly, the tumor suppressor p53 is modified by O-GlcNAc, and most solid tumors contain mutations in p53 leading to the loss of p53 function. 27402830 9 25 theme cisplatin 1468:1476 arg1 treatment 1434:1442 Combination treatment 1422:1442 Combination treatment of the chemotherapeutic cisplatin with TMG 1422:1485 Combination treatment of the chemotherapeutic cisplatin with TMG decreased tumor cell growth and enhanced cell cycle arrest without impairing cytotoxicity. 27402830 7 26 theme protein 1295:1301 arg1 levels 1312:1317 increased protein and mRNA levels 1285:1317 increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes 1285:1337 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 10 27 theme wild 1646:1649 arg1 activation 1660:1669 wild type p53 activation 1646:1669 wild type p53 activation 1646:1669 The effects of TMG on tumor cell growth were partially dependent on wild type p53 activation. 27402830 0 28 theme O-Linked 11:18 arg1 O-GlcNAc 41:48 O-GlcNAc 41:48 O-GlcNAc 41:48 Changes in O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Homeostasis Activate the p53 Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Cells. 27402830 0 28 theme O-Linked 11:18 arg1 N-Acetylglucosamine 20:38 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine 11:38 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Homeostasis 11:61 Changes in O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Homeostasis Activate the p53 Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Cells. 27402830 1 29 theme post-translational 142:159 arg1 modification 161:172 a dynamic post-translational modification 132:172 a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 132:345 O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), whereas the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. 27402830 1 29 theme post-translational 142:159 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 113:127 O-GlcNAcylation 113:127 O-GlcNAcylation 113:127 O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), whereas the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. 27402830 11 30 theme type 1737:1740 arg1 pathway 1746:1752 the wild type p53 pathway 1728:1752 the wild type p53 pathway in ovarian cancer cells 1728:1776 In conclusion, changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis activate the wild type p53 pathway in ovarian cancer cells, and OGA inhibition has the potential as an adjuvant treatment for ovarian carcinoma. 27402830 0 31 theme p53 76:78 arg1 Pathway 80:86 the p53 Pathway 72:86 the p53 Pathway 72:86 Changes in O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Homeostasis Activate the p53 Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Cells. 27402830 5 32 theme significant 883:893 arg1 decrease 895:902 a significant decrease 881:902 a significant decrease in O-GlcNAcylation of tumor tissue in an ovarian tumor microarray 881:968 We measured a significant decrease in O-GlcNAcylation of tumor tissue in an ovarian tumor microarray. 27402830 2 33 theme tumor 537:541 arg1 types 543:547 tumor types 537:547 tumor types 537:547 In cancer, tumor samples present with altered O-GlcNAcylation; however, changes in O-GlcNAcylation are not consistent between tumor types. 27402830 0 34 from Changes 0:6 arg1 Homeostasis 51:61 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Homeostasis 11:61 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Homeostasis 11:61 Changes in O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Homeostasis Activate the p53 Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Cells. 27402830 4 35 theme p53 746:748 arg1 rates 759:763 p53 mutation rates 746:763 p53 mutation rates 746:763 Because ovarian cancer has a high frequency of p53 mutation rates, we decided to investigate the relationship between O-GlcNAcylation and p53 function in ovarian cancer. 27402830 4 36 from function 841:848 arg1 cancer 861:866 ovarian cancer 853:866 ovarian cancer 853:866 Because ovarian cancer has a high frequency of p53 mutation rates, we decided to investigate the relationship between O-GlcNAcylation and p53 function in ovarian cancer. 27402830 5 37 theme tumor 953:957 arg1 microarray 959:968 an ovarian tumor microarray 942:968 an ovarian tumor microarray 942:968 We measured a significant decrease in O-GlcNAcylation of tumor tissue in an ovarian tumor microarray. 27402830 7 38 theme nuclear 1259:1265 arg1 localization 1267:1278 increased nuclear localization 1249:1278 increased nuclear localization 1249:1278 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 4 39 theme rates 759:763 arg1 frequency 733:741 a high frequency 726:741 a high frequency of p53 mutation rates 726:763 Because ovarian cancer has a high frequency of p53 mutation rates, we decided to investigate the relationship between O-GlcNAcylation and p53 function in ovarian cancer. 27402830 0 40 theme Cancer 99:104 arg1 Cells 106:110 Ovarian Cancer Cells 91:110 Ovarian Cancer Cells 91:110 Changes in O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Homeostasis Activate the p53 Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Cells. 27402830 5 41 from O-GlcNAcylation 907:921 arg1 microarray 959:968 an ovarian tumor microarray 942:968 an ovarian tumor microarray 942:968 We measured a significant decrease in O-GlcNAcylation of tumor tissue in an ovarian tumor microarray. 27402830 9 42 theme enhanced 1519:1526 arg1 arrest 1539:1544 enhanced cell cycle arrest 1519:1544 enhanced cell cycle arrest 1519:1544 Combination treatment of the chemotherapeutic cisplatin with TMG decreased tumor cell growth and enhanced cell cycle arrest without impairing cytotoxicity. 27402830 7 43 theme increased 1285:1293 arg1 levels 1312:1317 increased protein and mRNA levels 1285:1317 increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes 1285:1337 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 2 44 theme altered 449:455 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 457:471 altered O-GlcNAcylation 449:471 altered O-GlcNAcylation 449:471 In cancer, tumor samples present with altered O-GlcNAcylation; however, changes in O-GlcNAcylation are not consistent between tumor types. 27402830 1 45 dep modification 161:172 arg1 whereas 348:354 whereas 348:354 whereas 348:354 O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), whereas the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. 27402830 10 46 theme cell 1606:1609 arg1 growth 1611:1616 tumor cell growth 1600:1616 tumor cell growth 1600:1616 The effects of TMG on tumor cell growth were partially dependent on wild type p53 activation. 27402830 5 47 from decrease 895:902 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 907:921 O-GlcNAcylation 907:921 O-GlcNAcylation of tumor tissue in an ovarian tumor microarray 907:968 We measured a significant decrease in O-GlcNAcylation of tumor tissue in an ovarian tumor microarray. 27402830 9 48 theme cycle 1533:1537 arg1 arrest 1539:1544 enhanced cell cycle arrest 1519:1544 enhanced cell cycle arrest 1519:1544 Combination treatment of the chemotherapeutic cisplatin with TMG decreased tumor cell growth and enhanced cell cycle arrest without impairing cytotoxicity. 27402830 2 49 theme tumor 422:426 arg1 samples 428:434 tumor samples 422:434 tumor samples 422:434 In cancer, tumor samples present with altered O-GlcNAcylation; however, changes in O-GlcNAcylation are not consistent between tumor types. 27402830 7 50 theme inhibitor 1145:1153 arg1 TMG 1166:1168 TMG 1166:1168 TMG 1166:1168 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 7 50 theme inhibitor 1145:1153 arg1 Thiamet-G 1155:1163 the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G 1137:1163 the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG) 1137:1169 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 1 51 theme O-linked 298:305 arg1 OGT 342:344 OGT 342:344 OGT 342:344 O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), whereas the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. 27402830 1 51 theme O-linked 298:305 arg1 transferase 329:339 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 298:339 the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 287:345 O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), whereas the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. 27402830 6 52 theme mRNA 1035:1038 arg1 levels 1040:1045 OGA protein and mRNA levels 1019:1045 levels 1040:1045 Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation was increased, and OGA protein and mRNA levels were decreased in ovarian tumor cell lines not expressing the protein p53. 27402830 6 53 theme protein 1109:1115 arg1 p53 1117:1119 the protein p53 1105:1119 the protein p53 1105:1119 Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation was increased, and OGA protein and mRNA levels were decreased in ovarian tumor cell lines not expressing the protein p53. 27402830 10 54 theme p53 1656:1658 arg1 activation 1660:1669 wild type p53 activation 1646:1669 wild type p53 activation 1646:1669 The effects of TMG on tumor cell growth were partially dependent on wild type p53 activation. 27402830 2 55 from cancer 414:419 arg1 present 436:442 present 436:442 present 436:442 In cancer, tumor samples present with altered O-GlcNAcylation; however, changes in O-GlcNAcylation are not consistent between tumor types. 27402830 8 56 theme O-GlcNAc 1375:1382 arg1 homeostasis 1384:1394 O-GlcNAc homeostasis 1375:1394 O-GlcNAc homeostasis 1375:1394 These data suggest that changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis activate the p53 pathway. 27402830 11 57 theme adjuvant 1822:1829 arg1 treatment 1831:1839 an adjuvant treatment 1819:1839 an adjuvant treatment for ovarian carcinoma 1819:1861 In conclusion, changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis activate the wild type p53 pathway in ovarian cancer cells, and OGA inhibition has the potential as an adjuvant treatment for ovarian carcinoma. 27402830 3 58 theme function 689:696 arg1 loss 677:680 the loss 673:680 the loss of p53 function 673:696 Interestingly, the tumor suppressor p53 is modified by O-GlcNAc, and most solid tumors contain mutations in p53 leading to the loss of p53 function. 27402830 6 59 theme tumor 1073:1077 arg1 lines 1084:1088 ovarian tumor cell lines 1065:1088 ovarian tumor cell lines not expressing the protein p53 1065:1119 Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation was increased, and OGA protein and mRNA levels were decreased in ovarian tumor cell lines not expressing the protein p53. 27402830 7 60 with Treatment 1122:1130 arg1 overexpression 1193:1206 overexpression 1193:1206 overexpression of OGA and OGT 1193:1221 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 7 60 with Treatment 1122:1130 arg1 silencing 1172:1180 silencing 1172:1180 silencing of OGA 1172:1187 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 7 60 with Treatment 1122:1130 arg1 Thiamet-G 1155:1163 the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G 1137:1163 the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG) 1137:1169 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 7 60 with Treatment 1122:1130 arg1 TMG 1166:1168 TMG 1166:1168 TMG 1166:1168 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 3 61 from mutations 645:653 arg1 p53 658:660 p53 658:660 p53 leading to the loss of p53 function 658:696 Interestingly, the tumor suppressor p53 is modified by O-GlcNAc, and most solid tumors contain mutations in p53 leading to the loss of p53 function. 27402830 7 62 theme OGA 1185:1187 arg1 overexpression 1193:1206 overexpression 1193:1206 overexpression of OGA and OGT 1193:1221 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 7 62 theme OGA 1185:1187 arg1 silencing 1172:1180 silencing 1172:1180 silencing of OGA 1172:1187 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 7 62 theme OGA 1185:1187 arg1 Thiamet-G 1155:1163 the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G 1137:1163 the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG) 1137:1169 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 7 62 theme OGA 1185:1187 arg1 TMG 1166:1168 TMG 1166:1168 TMG 1166:1168 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 3 63 theme suppressor 575:584 arg1 p53 586:588 the tumor suppressor p53 565:588 the tumor suppressor p53 565:588 Interestingly, the tumor suppressor p53 is modified by O-GlcNAc, and most solid tumors contain mutations in p53 leading to the loss of p53 function. 27402830 4 64 theme p53 837:839 arg1 function 841:848 p53 function 837:848 p53 function 837:848 Because ovarian cancer has a high frequency of p53 mutation rates, we decided to investigate the relationship between O-GlcNAcylation and p53 function in ovarian cancer. 27402830 11 65 theme cancer 1765:1770 arg1 cells 1772:1776 ovarian cancer cells 1757:1776 ovarian cancer cells 1757:1776 In conclusion, changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis activate the wild type p53 pathway in ovarian cancer cells, and OGA inhibition has the potential as an adjuvant treatment for ovarian carcinoma. 27402830 9 66 theme tumor 1497:1501 arg1 growth 1508:1513 tumor cell growth 1497:1513 tumor cell growth 1497:1513 Combination treatment of the chemotherapeutic cisplatin with TMG decreased tumor cell growth and enhanced cell cycle arrest without impairing cytotoxicity. 27402830 7 67 theme p53 1230:1232 arg1 stabilization 1234:1246 p53 stabilization 1230:1246 p53 stabilization 1230:1246 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 1 68 theme N-acetylglucosamine 213:231 arg1 sugar 233:237 a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar 204:237 a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 204:345 O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), whereas the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. 27402830 8 69 theme p53 1409:1411 arg1 pathway 1413:1419 the p53 pathway 1405:1419 the p53 pathway 1405:1419 These data suggest that changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis activate the p53 pathway. 27402830 7 70 theme genes 1333:1337 arg1 stabilization 1234:1246 p53 stabilization 1230:1246 p53 stabilization 1230:1246 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 7 70 theme genes 1333:1337 arg1 levels 1312:1317 increased protein and mRNA levels 1285:1317 increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes 1285:1337 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 7 70 theme genes 1333:1337 arg1 localization 1267:1278 increased nuclear localization 1249:1278 increased nuclear localization 1249:1278 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 11 71 theme OGA 1783:1785 arg1 inhibition 1787:1796 OGA inhibition 1783:1796 OGA inhibition 1783:1796 In conclusion, changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis activate the wild type p53 pathway in ovarian cancer cells, and OGA inhibition has the potential as an adjuvant treatment for ovarian carcinoma. 27402830 1 72 dep enzyme 291:296 arg1 OGT 342:344 OGT 342:344 OGT 342:344 O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), whereas the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. 27402830 1 72 dep enzyme 291:296 arg1 transferase 329:339 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 298:339 the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 287:345 O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), whereas the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. 27402830 7 73 theme p53 1322:1324 arg1 genes 1333:1337 p53 target genes 1322:1337 p53 target genes 1322:1337 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 3 74 theme most 619:622 arg1 tumors 630:635 most solid tumors 619:635 most solid tumors 619:635 Interestingly, the tumor suppressor p53 is modified by O-GlcNAc, and most solid tumors contain mutations in p53 leading to the loss of p53 function. 27402830 9 75 theme chemotherapeutic 1451:1466 arg1 cisplatin 1468:1476 the chemotherapeutic cisplatin 1447:1476 the chemotherapeutic cisplatin 1447:1476 Combination treatment of the chemotherapeutic cisplatin with TMG decreased tumor cell growth and enhanced cell cycle arrest without impairing cytotoxicity. 27402830 6 76 theme OGA 1019:1021 arg1 protein 1023:1029 OGA protein and mRNA levels 1019:1045 protein 1023:1029 Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation was increased, and OGA protein and mRNA levels were decreased in ovarian tumor cell lines not expressing the protein p53. 27402830 9 77 theme cell 1503:1506 arg1 growth 1508:1513 tumor cell growth 1497:1513 tumor cell growth 1497:1513 Combination treatment of the chemotherapeutic cisplatin with TMG decreased tumor cell growth and enhanced cell cycle arrest without impairing cytotoxicity. 27402830 4 78 theme ovarian 707:713 arg1 cancer 715:720 ovarian cancer 707:720 ovarian cancer 707:720 Because ovarian cancer has a high frequency of p53 mutation rates, we decided to investigate the relationship between O-GlcNAcylation and p53 function in ovarian cancer. 27402830 1 79 theme dynamic 134:140 arg1 modification 161:172 a dynamic post-translational modification 132:172 a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 132:345 O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), whereas the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. 27402830 1 79 theme dynamic 134:140 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 113:127 O-GlcNAcylation 113:127 O-GlcNAcylation 113:127 O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), whereas the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. 27402830 2 80 from present 436:442 arg1 cancer 414:419 cancer 414:419 cancer 414:419 In cancer, tumor samples present with altered O-GlcNAcylation; however, changes in O-GlcNAcylation are not consistent between tumor types. 27402830 11 81 theme O-GlcNAc 1698:1705 arg1 homeostasis 1707:1717 O-GlcNAc homeostasis 1698:1717 O-GlcNAc homeostasis 1698:1717 In conclusion, changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis activate the wild type p53 pathway in ovarian cancer cells, and OGA inhibition has the potential as an adjuvant treatment for ovarian carcinoma. 27402830 11 82 from changes 1687:1693 arg1 homeostasis 1707:1717 O-GlcNAc homeostasis 1698:1717 O-GlcNAc homeostasis 1698:1717 In conclusion, changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis activate the wild type p53 pathway in ovarian cancer cells, and OGA inhibition has the potential as an adjuvant treatment for ovarian carcinoma. 27402830 11 83 theme p53 1742:1744 arg1 pathway 1746:1752 the wild type p53 pathway 1728:1752 the wild type p53 pathway in ovarian cancer cells 1728:1776 In conclusion, changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis activate the wild type p53 pathway in ovarian cancer cells, and OGA inhibition has the potential as an adjuvant treatment for ovarian carcinoma. 27402830 0 84 theme Ovarian 91:97 arg1 Cells 106:110 Ovarian Cancer Cells 91:110 Ovarian Cancer Cells 91:110 Changes in O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Homeostasis Activate the p53 Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Cells. 27402830 1 85 theme enzyme 360:365 arg1 OGA 380:382 OGA 380:382 OGA 380:382 O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), whereas the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. 27402830 1 85 theme enzyme 360:365 arg1 O-GlcNAcase 367:377 the enzyme O-GlcNAcase 356:377 the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) 356:383 O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), whereas the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. 27402830 5 86 theme ovarian 945:951 arg1 microarray 959:968 an ovarian tumor microarray 942:968 an ovarian tumor microarray 942:968 We measured a significant decrease in O-GlcNAcylation of tumor tissue in an ovarian tumor microarray. 27402830 11 87 theme wild 1732:1735 arg1 pathway 1746:1752 the wild type p53 pathway 1728:1752 the wild type p53 pathway in ovarian cancer cells 1728:1776 In conclusion, changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis activate the wild type p53 pathway in ovarian cancer cells, and OGA inhibition has the potential as an adjuvant treatment for ovarian carcinoma. 27402830 6 88 theme ovarian 1065:1071 arg1 lines 1084:1088 ovarian tumor cell lines 1065:1088 ovarian tumor cell lines not expressing the protein p53 1065:1119 Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation was increased, and OGA protein and mRNA levels were decreased in ovarian tumor cell lines not expressing the protein p53. 27402830 4 89 theme mutation 750:757 arg1 rates 759:763 p53 mutation rates 746:763 p53 mutation rates 746:763 Because ovarian cancer has a high frequency of p53 mutation rates, we decided to investigate the relationship between O-GlcNAcylation and p53 function in ovarian cancer. 27402830 4 90 from O-GlcNAcylation 817:831 arg1 cancer 861:866 ovarian cancer 853:866 ovarian cancer 853:866 Because ovarian cancer has a high frequency of p53 mutation rates, we decided to investigate the relationship between O-GlcNAcylation and p53 function in ovarian cancer. 27402830 5 91 theme tumor 926:930 arg1 tissue 932:937 tumor tissue 926:937 tumor tissue 926:937 We measured a significant decrease in O-GlcNAcylation of tumor tissue in an ovarian tumor microarray. 27402830 10 92 theme tumor 1600:1604 arg1 growth 1611:1616 tumor cell growth 1600:1616 tumor cell growth 1600:1616 The effects of TMG on tumor cell growth were partially dependent on wild type p53 activation. 27402830 0 93 theme N-Acetylglucosamine 20:38 arg1 Homeostasis 51:61 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Homeostasis 11:61 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Homeostasis 11:61 Changes in O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Homeostasis Activate the p53 Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Cells. 27402830 2 94 attach present 436:442 arg2 samples 428:434 tumor samples 422:434 tumor samples 422:434 In cancer, tumor samples present with altered O-GlcNAcylation; however, changes in O-GlcNAcylation are not consistent between tumor types. 27402830 2 94 attach present 436:442 arg1 cancer 414:419 cancer 414:419 cancer 414:419 In cancer, tumor samples present with altered O-GlcNAcylation; however, changes in O-GlcNAcylation are not consistent between tumor types. 27402830 7 95 theme increased 1249:1257 arg1 localization 1267:1278 increased nuclear localization 1249:1278 increased nuclear localization 1249:1278 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 9 96 with treatment 1434:1442 arg1 TMG 1483:1485 TMG 1483:1485 TMG 1483:1485 Combination treatment of the chemotherapeutic cisplatin with TMG decreased tumor cell growth and enhanced cell cycle arrest without impairing cytotoxicity. 27402830 4 97 theme high 728:731 arg1 frequency 733:741 a high frequency 726:741 a high frequency of p53 mutation rates 726:763 Because ovarian cancer has a high frequency of p53 mutation rates, we decided to investigate the relationship between O-GlcNAcylation and p53 function in ovarian cancer. 27402830 1 98 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 307:327 arg1 OGT 342:344 OGT 342:344 OGT 342:344 O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), whereas the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. 27402830 1 98 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 307:327 arg1 transferase 329:339 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 298:339 the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 287:345 O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), whereas the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. 27402830 9 99 theme Combination 1422:1432 arg1 treatment 1434:1442 Combination treatment 1422:1442 Combination treatment of the chemotherapeutic cisplatin with TMG 1422:1485 Combination treatment of the chemotherapeutic cisplatin with TMG decreased tumor cell growth and enhanced cell cycle arrest without impairing cytotoxicity. 27402830 11 100 contain has 1798:1800 arg1 inhibition 1787:1796 OGA inhibition 1783:1796 OGA inhibition 1783:1796 In conclusion, changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis activate the wild type p53 pathway in ovarian cancer cells, and OGA inhibition has the potential as an adjuvant treatment for ovarian carcinoma. 27402830 11 100 contain has 1798:1800 arg2 potential 1806:1814 the potential 1802:1814 the potential as an adjuvant treatment for ovarian carcinoma 1802:1861 In conclusion, changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis activate the wild type p53 pathway in ovarian cancer cells, and OGA inhibition has the potential as an adjuvant treatment for ovarian carcinoma. 27402830 7 101 theme OGT 1219:1221 arg1 overexpression 1193:1206 overexpression 1193:1206 overexpression of OGA and OGT 1193:1221 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 7 101 theme OGT 1219:1221 arg1 silencing 1172:1180 silencing 1172:1180 silencing of OGA 1172:1187 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 7 101 theme OGT 1219:1221 arg1 Thiamet-G 1155:1163 the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G 1137:1163 the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG) 1137:1169 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 7 101 theme OGT 1219:1221 arg1 TMG 1166:1168 TMG 1166:1168 TMG 1166:1168 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 1 102 link O-linked 298:305 arg1 OGT 342:344 OGT 342:344 OGT 342:344 O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), whereas the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. 27402830 1 102 link O-linked 298:305 arg1 transferase 329:339 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 298:339 the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 287:345 O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), whereas the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. 27402830 10 103 theme type 1651:1654 arg1 activation 1660:1669 wild type p53 activation 1646:1669 wild type p53 activation 1646:1669 The effects of TMG on tumor cell growth were partially dependent on wild type p53 activation. 27402830 7 104 theme OGA 1211:1213 arg1 overexpression 1193:1206 overexpression 1193:1206 overexpression of OGA and OGT 1193:1221 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 7 104 theme OGA 1211:1213 arg1 silencing 1172:1180 silencing 1172:1180 silencing of OGA 1172:1187 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 7 104 theme OGA 1211:1213 arg1 Thiamet-G 1155:1163 the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G 1137:1163 the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG) 1137:1169 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 7 104 theme OGA 1211:1213 arg1 TMG 1166:1168 TMG 1166:1168 TMG 1166:1168 Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G (TMG), silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. 27402830 3 105 theme p53 685:687 arg1 function 689:696 p53 function 685:696 p53 function 685:696 Interestingly, the tumor suppressor p53 is modified by O-GlcNAc, and most solid tumors contain mutations in p53 leading to the loss of p53 function. 25663381 8 0 theme reduced 1245:1251 arg1 levels 1304:1309 reduced global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification levels 1245:1309 reduced global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification levels 1245:1309 Partial knockdown of OGT in IPAH PASMCs resulted in reduced global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification levels and abrogated PASMC proliferation. 25663381 10 1 theme factor-1 1702:1709 arg1 proteolysis 1655:1665 specific proteolysis 1646:1665 specific proteolysis 1646:1665 CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux is increased in IPAH and drives OGT-facilitated PASMC proliferation through specific proteolysis and direct activation of host cell factor-1. 25663381 10 1 theme factor-1 1702:1709 arg1 activation 1678:1687 direct activation 1671:1687 direct activation 1671:1687 CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux is increased in IPAH and drives OGT-facilitated PASMC proliferation through specific proteolysis and direct activation of host cell factor-1. 25663381 11 2 theme new 1785:1787 arg1 light 1789:1793 a new light 1783:1793 a new light 1783:1793 These findings establish a novel regulatory role for OGT in IPAH, shed a new light on our understanding of the disease pathobiology, and provide opportunities to design novel therapeutic strategies for IPAH. 25663381 10 3 theme biosynthetic 1544:1555 arg1 flux 1565:1568 hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux 1533:1568 hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux 1533:1568 CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux is increased in IPAH and drives OGT-facilitated PASMC proliferation through specific proteolysis and direct activation of host cell factor-1. 25663381 6 4 link O-linked 833:840 arg1 modification 864:875 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 833:875 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 833:875 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 25663381 6 5 theme O-linked 878:885 arg1 levels 823:828 the levels 819:828 the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 819:875 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 25663381 6 5 theme O-linked 878:885 arg1 OGT 922:924 OGT 922:924 OGT 922:924 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 25663381 6 5 theme O-linked 878:885 arg1 transferase 909:919 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 878:919 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 878:925 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 25663381 10 6 dep CONCLUSIONS 1495:1505 arg1 demonstrate 1516:1526 demonstrate 1516:1526 demonstrate that hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux is increased in IPAH and drives OGT-facilitated PASMC proliferation through specific proteolysis and direct activation of host cell factor-1 1516:1709 CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux is increased in IPAH and drives OGT-facilitated PASMC proliferation through specific proteolysis and direct activation of host cell factor-1. 25663381 11 7 theme novel 1739:1743 arg1 role 1756:1759 a novel regulatory role 1737:1759 a novel regulatory role for OGT in IPAH 1737:1775 These findings establish a novel regulatory role for OGT in IPAH, shed a new light on our understanding of the disease pathobiology, and provide opportunities to design novel therapeutic strategies for IPAH. 25663381 8 8 theme modification 1291:1302 arg1 levels 1304:1309 reduced global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification levels 1245:1309 reduced global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification levels 1245:1309 Partial knockdown of OGT in IPAH PASMCs resulted in reduced global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification levels and abrogated PASMC proliferation. 25663381 0 9 link O-linked 0:7 arg1 transferase 31:41 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:41 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:41 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase directs cell proliferation in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. 25663381 6 10 theme modification 864:875 arg1 transferase 909:919 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 878:919 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 878:925 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 25663381 6 10 theme modification 864:875 arg1 hydrolase 963:971 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase 932:971 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase 932:971 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 25663381 6 10 theme modification 864:875 arg1 levels 823:828 the levels 819:828 the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 819:875 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 25663381 4 11 from metabolism 536:545 arg1 IPAH 587:590 IPAH 587:590 IPAH 587:590 We aimed to determine the relationship between glucose metabolism and smooth muscle cell proliferation in IPAH. 25663381 6 12 theme O-linked 833:840 arg1 modification 864:875 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 833:875 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 833:875 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 25663381 8 13 theme PASMC 1325:1329 arg1 proliferation 1331:1343 PASMC proliferation 1325:1343 PASMC proliferation 1325:1343 Partial knockdown of OGT in IPAH PASMCs resulted in reduced global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification levels and abrogated PASMC proliferation. 25663381 7 14 theme PASMC 1172:1176 arg1 proliferation 1178:1190 PASMC proliferation 1172:1190 PASMC proliferation 1172:1190 Our data suggest that the activation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway directly increased OGT levels and activity, triggering changes in glycosylation and PASMC proliferation. 25663381 2 15 theme glucose 353:359 arg1 metabolism 361:370 glucose metabolism 353:370 glucose metabolism 353:370 A more recently recognized characteristic of the disease is the dysregulation of glucose metabolism. 25663381 1 16 theme vascular 251:258 arg1 remodeling 260:269 vascular remodeling 251:269 vascular remodeling 251:269 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling. 25663381 5 17 dep METHODS 593:599 arg1 tissues 649:655 Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues 613:655 tissues 649:655 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 5 17 dep METHODS 593:599 arg1 IPAH 619:622 Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues 613:655 IPAH 619:622 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 5 17 dep METHODS 593:599 arg1 cells 692:696 pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells 661:696 pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) 661:705 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 5 17 dep METHODS 593:599 arg1 PASMCs 699:704 PASMCs 699:704 PASMCs 699:704 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 5 18 theme Human 613:617 arg1 IPAH 619:622 Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues 613:655 IPAH 619:622 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 8 19 theme O-linked 1260:1267 arg1 modification 1291:1302 global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 1253:1302 reduced global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification levels 1245:1309 Partial knockdown of OGT in IPAH PASMCs resulted in reduced global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification levels and abrogated PASMC proliferation. 25663381 5 20 theme specific 730:737 arg1 pathway 739:745 a specific pathway 728:745 a specific pathway of glucose metabolism 728:767 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 5 20 theme specific 730:737 arg1 pathway 798:804 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 770:804 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 770:804 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 10 21 theme hexosamine 1533:1542 arg1 flux 1565:1568 hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux 1533:1568 hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux 1533:1568 CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux is increased in IPAH and drives OGT-facilitated PASMC proliferation through specific proteolysis and direct activation of host cell factor-1. 25663381 7 22 theme OGT 1107:1109 arg1 levels 1111:1116 OGT levels 1107:1116 OGT levels 1107:1116 Our data suggest that the activation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway directly increased OGT levels and activity, triggering changes in glycosylation and PASMC proliferation. 25663381 7 23 theme pathway 1080:1086 arg1 activation 1038:1047 the activation 1034:1047 the activation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 1034:1086 Our data suggest that the activation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway directly increased OGT levels and activity, triggering changes in glycosylation and PASMC proliferation. 25663381 11 24 theme therapeutic 1887:1897 arg1 strategies 1899:1908 design novel therapeutic strategies 1874:1908 design novel therapeutic strategies for IPAH 1874:1917 These findings establish a novel regulatory role for OGT in IPAH, shed a new light on our understanding of the disease pathobiology, and provide opportunities to design novel therapeutic strategies for IPAH. 25663381 0 25 theme pulmonary 84:92 arg1 hypertension 103:114 idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension 73:114 idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension 73:114 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase directs cell proliferation in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. 25663381 8 26 link O-linked 1260:1267 arg1 modification 1291:1302 global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 1253:1302 reduced global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification levels 1245:1309 Partial knockdown of OGT in IPAH PASMCs resulted in reduced global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification levels and abrogated PASMC proliferation. 25663381 3 27 theme primary 377:383 arg1 link 385:388 The primary link 373:388 The primary link between altered glucose metabolism and cell proliferation in IPAH 373:454 The primary link between altered glucose metabolism and cell proliferation in IPAH has not been elucidated. 25663381 4 28 theme cell 565:568 arg1 proliferation 570:582 smooth muscle cell proliferation 551:582 smooth muscle cell proliferation 551:582 We aimed to determine the relationship between glucose metabolism and smooth muscle cell proliferation in IPAH. 25663381 5 29 theme pulmonary 661:669 arg1 PASMCs 699:704 PASMCs 699:704 PASMCs 699:704 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 5 29 theme pulmonary 661:669 arg1 cells 692:696 pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells 661:696 pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) 661:705 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 5 30 theme biosynthetic 785:796 arg1 pathway 798:804 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 770:804 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 770:804 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 5 30 theme biosynthetic 785:796 arg1 pathway 739:745 a specific pathway 728:745 a specific pathway of glucose metabolism 728:767 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 5 31 theme smooth 678:683 arg1 PASMCs 699:704 PASMCs 699:704 PASMCs 699:704 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 5 31 theme smooth 678:683 arg1 cells 692:696 pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells 661:696 pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) 661:705 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 3 32 theme glucose 406:412 arg1 metabolism 414:423 altered glucose metabolism 398:423 altered glucose metabolism 398:423 The primary link between altered glucose metabolism and cell proliferation in IPAH has not been elucidated. 25663381 9 33 theme cycle 1458:1462 arg1 factor-1 1485:1492 host cell factor-1 1475:1492 host cell factor-1 1475:1492 The increased proliferation observed in IPAH PASMCs was directly impacted by proteolytic activation of the cell cycle regulator, host cell factor-1. 25663381 9 33 theme cycle 1458:1462 arg1 regulator 1464:1472 the cell cycle regulator 1449:1472 the cell cycle regulator 1449:1472 The increased proliferation observed in IPAH PASMCs was directly impacted by proteolytic activation of the cell cycle regulator, host cell factor-1. 25663381 5 34 theme patient 636:642 arg1 tissues 649:655 Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues 613:655 tissues 649:655 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 5 35 used used 712:715 arg2 RESULTS 605:611 RESULTS 605:611 RESULTS 605:611 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 5 35 used used 712:715 arg2 METHODS 593:599 METHODS 593:599 METHODS 593:599 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 4 36 theme smooth 551:556 arg1 proliferation 570:582 smooth muscle cell proliferation 551:582 smooth muscle cell proliferation 551:582 We aimed to determine the relationship between glucose metabolism and smooth muscle cell proliferation in IPAH. 25663381 10 37 theme PASMC 1618:1622 arg1 proliferation 1624:1636 OGT-facilitated PASMC proliferation 1602:1636 OGT-facilitated PASMC proliferation 1602:1636 CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux is increased in IPAH and drives OGT-facilitated PASMC proliferation through specific proteolysis and direct activation of host cell factor-1. 25663381 0 38 theme O-linked 0:7 arg1 transferase 31:41 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:41 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:41 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase directs cell proliferation in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. 25663381 1 39 theme Idiopathic 128:137 arg1 IPAH 172:175 IPAH 172:175 IPAH 172:175 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling. 25663381 1 39 theme Idiopathic 128:137 arg1 hypertension 158:169 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension 117:169 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) 117:176 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling. 25663381 1 39 theme Idiopathic 128:137 arg1 disease 199:205 a cardiopulmonary disease 181:205 a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling 181:269 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling. 25663381 10 40 theme direct 1671:1676 arg1 activation 1678:1687 direct activation 1671:1687 direct activation 1671:1687 CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux is increased in IPAH and drives OGT-facilitated PASMC proliferation through specific proteolysis and direct activation of host cell factor-1. 25663381 9 41 theme cell 1480:1483 arg1 factor-1 1485:1492 host cell factor-1 1475:1492 host cell factor-1 1475:1492 The increased proliferation observed in IPAH PASMCs was directly impacted by proteolytic activation of the cell cycle regulator, host cell factor-1. 25663381 9 41 theme cell 1480:1483 arg1 regulator 1464:1472 the cell cycle regulator 1449:1472 the cell cycle regulator 1449:1472 The increased proliferation observed in IPAH PASMCs was directly impacted by proteolytic activation of the cell cycle regulator, host cell factor-1. 25663381 1 42 theme arterial 149:156 arg1 IPAH 172:175 IPAH 172:175 IPAH 172:175 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling. 25663381 1 42 theme arterial 149:156 arg1 hypertension 158:169 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension 117:169 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) 117:176 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling. 25663381 1 42 theme arterial 149:156 arg1 disease 199:205 a cardiopulmonary disease 181:205 a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling 181:269 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling. 25663381 0 43 theme cell 51:54 arg1 proliferation 56:68 cell proliferation 51:68 cell proliferation 51:68 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase directs cell proliferation in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. 25663381 8 44 theme Partial 1193:1199 arg1 knockdown 1201:1209 Partial knockdown 1193:1209 Partial knockdown of OGT in IPAH PASMCs 1193:1231 Partial knockdown of OGT in IPAH PASMCs resulted in reduced global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification levels and abrogated PASMC proliferation. 25663381 6 45 theme O-linked 932:939 arg1 levels 823:828 the levels 819:828 the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 819:875 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 25663381 6 45 theme O-linked 932:939 arg1 hydrolase 963:971 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase 932:971 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase 932:971 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 25663381 10 46 theme cell 1697:1700 arg1 factor-1 1702:1709 host cell factor-1 1692:1709 host cell factor-1 1692:1709 CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux is increased in IPAH and drives OGT-facilitated PASMC proliferation through specific proteolysis and direct activation of host cell factor-1. 25663381 6 47 link O-linked 932:939 arg1 levels 823:828 the levels 819:828 the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 819:875 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 25663381 6 47 link O-linked 932:939 arg1 hydrolase 963:971 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase 932:971 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase 932:971 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 25663381 9 48 located observed 1374:1381 arg2 proliferation 1360:1372 The increased proliferation 1346:1372 The increased proliferation observed in IPAH PASMCs 1346:1396 The increased proliferation observed in IPAH PASMCs was directly impacted by proteolytic activation of the cell cycle regulator, host cell factor-1. 25663381 9 48 located observed 1374:1381 arg1 PASMCs 1391:1396 IPAH PASMCs 1386:1396 IPAH PASMCs 1386:1396 The increased proliferation observed in IPAH PASMCs was directly impacted by proteolytic activation of the cell cycle regulator, host cell factor-1. 25663381 11 49 theme novel 1881:1885 arg1 strategies 1899:1908 design novel therapeutic strategies 1874:1908 design novel therapeutic strategies for IPAH 1874:1917 These findings establish a novel regulatory role for OGT in IPAH, shed a new light on our understanding of the disease pathobiology, and provide opportunities to design novel therapeutic strategies for IPAH. 25663381 7 50 theme hexosamine 1056:1065 arg1 pathway 1080:1086 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 1052:1086 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 1052:1086 Our data suggest that the activation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway directly increased OGT levels and activity, triggering changes in glycosylation and PASMC proliferation. 25663381 7 51 from changes 1143:1149 arg1 glycosylation 1154:1166 glycosylation 1154:1166 glycosylation 1154:1166 Our data suggest that the activation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway directly increased OGT levels and activity, triggering changes in glycosylation and PASMC proliferation. 25663381 7 51 from changes 1143:1149 arg1 proliferation 1178:1190 PASMC proliferation 1172:1190 PASMC proliferation 1172:1190 Our data suggest that the activation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway directly increased OGT levels and activity, triggering changes in glycosylation and PASMC proliferation. 25663381 11 52 theme regulatory 1745:1754 arg1 role 1756:1759 a novel regulatory role 1737:1759 a novel regulatory role for OGT in IPAH 1737:1775 These findings establish a novel regulatory role for OGT in IPAH, shed a new light on our understanding of the disease pathobiology, and provide opportunities to design novel therapeutic strategies for IPAH. 25663381 4 53 from proliferation 570:582 arg1 IPAH 587:590 IPAH 587:590 IPAH 587:590 We aimed to determine the relationship between glucose metabolism and smooth muscle cell proliferation in IPAH. 25663381 6 54 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 887:907 arg1 levels 823:828 the levels 819:828 the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 819:875 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 25663381 6 54 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 887:907 arg1 OGT 922:924 OGT 922:924 OGT 922:924 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 25663381 6 54 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 887:907 arg1 transferase 909:919 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 878:919 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 878:925 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 25663381 8 55 theme global 1253:1258 arg1 modification 1291:1302 global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 1253:1302 reduced global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification levels 1245:1309 Partial knockdown of OGT in IPAH PASMCs resulted in reduced global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification levels and abrogated PASMC proliferation. 25663381 6 56 theme IPAH 988:991 arg1 cells 993:997 control and IPAH cells 976:997 cells 993:997 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 25663381 11 57 theme disease 1823:1829 arg1 pathobiology 1831:1842 the disease pathobiology 1819:1842 the disease pathobiology 1819:1842 These findings establish a novel regulatory role for OGT in IPAH, shed a new light on our understanding of the disease pathobiology, and provide opportunities to design novel therapeutic strategies for IPAH. 25663381 8 58 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 1269:1289 arg1 modification 1291:1302 global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 1253:1302 reduced global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification levels 1245:1309 Partial knockdown of OGT in IPAH PASMCs resulted in reduced global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification levels and abrogated PASMC proliferation. 25663381 6 59 theme control 976:982 arg1 cells 993:997 control and IPAH cells 976:997 cells 993:997 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 25663381 6 60 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 842:862 arg1 modification 864:875 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 833:875 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 833:875 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 25663381 1 61 theme cellular 224:231 arg1 proliferation 233:245 cellular proliferation 224:245 cellular proliferation 224:245 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling. 25663381 5 62 theme glucose 750:756 arg1 metabolism 758:767 glucose metabolism 750:767 glucose metabolism 750:767 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 9 63 theme increased 1350:1358 arg1 proliferation 1360:1372 The increased proliferation 1346:1372 The increased proliferation observed in IPAH PASMCs 1346:1396 The increased proliferation observed in IPAH PASMCs was directly impacted by proteolytic activation of the cell cycle regulator, host cell factor-1. 25663381 2 64 theme metabolism 361:370 arg1 dysregulation 336:348 the dysregulation 332:348 the dysregulation of glucose metabolism 332:370 A more recently recognized characteristic of the disease is the dysregulation of glucose metabolism. 25663381 2 64 theme metabolism 361:370 arg1 characteristic 299:312 A more recently recognized characteristic 272:312 A more recently recognized characteristic of the disease 272:327 A more recently recognized characteristic of the disease is the dysregulation of glucose metabolism. 25663381 11 65 from role 1756:1759 arg1 IPAH 1772:1775 IPAH 1772:1775 IPAH 1772:1775 These findings establish a novel regulatory role for OGT in IPAH, shed a new light on our understanding of the disease pathobiology, and provide opportunities to design novel therapeutic strategies for IPAH. 25663381 2 66 theme recognized 288:297 arg1 dysregulation 336:348 the dysregulation 332:348 the dysregulation of glucose metabolism 332:370 A more recently recognized characteristic of the disease is the dysregulation of glucose metabolism. 25663381 2 66 theme recognized 288:297 arg1 characteristic 299:312 A more recently recognized characteristic 272:312 A more recently recognized characteristic of the disease 272:327 A more recently recognized characteristic of the disease is the dysregulation of glucose metabolism. 25663381 4 67 theme glucose 528:534 arg1 metabolism 536:545 glucose metabolism 528:545 glucose metabolism 528:545 We aimed to determine the relationship between glucose metabolism and smooth muscle cell proliferation in IPAH. 25663381 9 68 theme IPAH 1386:1389 arg1 PASMCs 1391:1396 IPAH PASMCs 1386:1396 IPAH PASMCs 1386:1396 The increased proliferation observed in IPAH PASMCs was directly impacted by proteolytic activation of the cell cycle regulator, host cell factor-1. 25663381 10 69 theme pathway 1557:1563 arg1 flux 1565:1568 hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux 1533:1568 hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux 1533:1568 CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux is increased in IPAH and drives OGT-facilitated PASMC proliferation through specific proteolysis and direct activation of host cell factor-1. 25663381 3 70 from link 385:388 arg1 IPAH 451:454 IPAH 451:454 IPAH 451:454 The primary link between altered glucose metabolism and cell proliferation in IPAH has not been elucidated. 25663381 2 71 theme disease 321:327 arg1 dysregulation 336:348 the dysregulation 332:348 the dysregulation of glucose metabolism 332:370 A more recently recognized characteristic of the disease is the dysregulation of glucose metabolism. 25663381 2 71 theme disease 321:327 arg1 characteristic 299:312 A more recently recognized characteristic 272:312 A more recently recognized characteristic of the disease 272:327 A more recently recognized characteristic of the disease is the dysregulation of glucose metabolism. 25663381 5 72 theme control 628:634 arg1 tissues 649:655 Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues 613:655 tissues 649:655 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 8 73 from knockdown 1201:1209 arg1 PASMCs 1226:1231 IPAH PASMCs 1221:1231 IPAH PASMCs 1221:1231 Partial knockdown of OGT in IPAH PASMCs resulted in reduced global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification levels and abrogated PASMC proliferation. 25663381 0 74 theme arterial 94:101 arg1 hypertension 103:114 idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension 73:114 idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension 73:114 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase directs cell proliferation in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. 25663381 3 75 theme altered 398:404 arg1 metabolism 414:423 altered glucose metabolism 398:423 altered glucose metabolism 398:423 The primary link between altered glucose metabolism and cell proliferation in IPAH has not been elucidated. 25663381 9 76 theme proteolytic 1423:1433 arg1 activation 1435:1444 proteolytic activation 1423:1444 proteolytic activation of the cell cycle regulator, host cell factor-1 1423:1492 The increased proliferation observed in IPAH PASMCs was directly impacted by proteolytic activation of the cell cycle regulator, host cell factor-1. 25663381 7 77 theme biosynthetic 1067:1078 arg1 pathway 1080:1086 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 1052:1086 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 1052:1086 Our data suggest that the activation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway directly increased OGT levels and activity, triggering changes in glycosylation and PASMC proliferation. 25663381 1 78 theme cardiopulmonary 183:197 arg1 hypertension 158:169 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension 117:169 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) 117:176 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling. 25663381 1 78 theme cardiopulmonary 183:197 arg1 disease 199:205 a cardiopulmonary disease 181:205 a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling 181:269 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling. 25663381 5 79 theme metabolism 758:767 arg1 pathway 739:745 a specific pathway 728:745 a specific pathway of glucose metabolism 728:767 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 5 79 theme metabolism 758:767 arg1 pathway 798:804 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 770:804 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 770:804 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 5 80 theme hexosamine 774:783 arg1 pathway 798:804 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 770:804 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 770:804 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 5 80 theme hexosamine 774:783 arg1 pathway 739:745 a specific pathway 728:745 a specific pathway of glucose metabolism 728:767 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 5 81 theme artery 671:676 arg1 PASMCs 699:704 PASMCs 699:704 PASMCs 699:704 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 5 81 theme artery 671:676 arg1 cells 692:696 pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells 661:696 pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) 661:705 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 3 82 theme cell 429:432 arg1 proliferation 434:446 cell proliferation 429:446 cell proliferation 429:446 The primary link between altered glucose metabolism and cell proliferation in IPAH has not been elucidated. 25663381 9 83 theme cell 1453:1456 arg1 factor-1 1485:1492 host cell factor-1 1475:1492 host cell factor-1 1475:1492 The increased proliferation observed in IPAH PASMCs was directly impacted by proteolytic activation of the cell cycle regulator, host cell factor-1. 25663381 9 83 theme cell 1453:1456 arg1 regulator 1464:1472 the cell cycle regulator 1449:1472 the cell cycle regulator 1449:1472 The increased proliferation observed in IPAH PASMCs was directly impacted by proteolytic activation of the cell cycle regulator, host cell factor-1. 25663381 5 84 theme muscle 685:690 arg1 PASMCs 699:704 PASMCs 699:704 PASMCs 699:704 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 5 84 theme muscle 685:690 arg1 cells 692:696 pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells 661:696 pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) 661:705 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 4 85 theme muscle 558:563 arg1 proliferation 570:582 smooth muscle cell proliferation 551:582 smooth muscle cell proliferation 551:582 We aimed to determine the relationship between glucose metabolism and smooth muscle cell proliferation in IPAH. 25663381 0 86 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 9:29 arg1 transferase 31:41 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:41 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:41 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase directs cell proliferation in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. 25663381 9 87 theme regulator 1464:1472 arg1 activation 1435:1444 proteolytic activation 1423:1444 proteolytic activation of the cell cycle regulator, host cell factor-1 1423:1492 The increased proliferation observed in IPAH PASMCs was directly impacted by proteolytic activation of the cell cycle regulator, host cell factor-1. 25663381 5 88 theme lung 644:647 arg1 tissues 649:655 Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues 613:655 tissues 649:655 METHODS AND RESULTS Human IPAH and control patient lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used to analyze a specific pathway of glucose metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. 25663381 1 89 theme BACKGROUND 117:126 arg1 IPAH 172:175 IPAH 172:175 IPAH 172:175 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling. 25663381 1 89 theme BACKGROUND 117:126 arg1 hypertension 158:169 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension 117:169 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) 117:176 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling. 25663381 1 89 theme BACKGROUND 117:126 arg1 disease 199:205 a cardiopulmonary disease 181:205 a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling 181:269 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling. 25663381 10 90 theme OGT-facilitated 1602:1616 arg1 proliferation 1624:1636 OGT-facilitated PASMC proliferation 1602:1636 OGT-facilitated PASMC proliferation 1602:1636 CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux is increased in IPAH and drives OGT-facilitated PASMC proliferation through specific proteolysis and direct activation of host cell factor-1. 25663381 9 91 theme host 1475:1478 arg1 factor-1 1485:1492 host cell factor-1 1475:1492 host cell factor-1 1475:1492 The increased proliferation observed in IPAH PASMCs was directly impacted by proteolytic activation of the cell cycle regulator, host cell factor-1. 25663381 9 91 theme host 1475:1478 arg1 regulator 1464:1472 the cell cycle regulator 1449:1472 the cell cycle regulator 1449:1472 The increased proliferation observed in IPAH PASMCs was directly impacted by proteolytic activation of the cell cycle regulator, host cell factor-1. 25663381 1 92 theme pulmonary 139:147 arg1 IPAH 172:175 IPAH 172:175 IPAH 172:175 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling. 25663381 1 92 theme pulmonary 139:147 arg1 hypertension 158:169 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension 117:169 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) 117:176 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling. 25663381 1 92 theme pulmonary 139:147 arg1 disease 199:205 a cardiopulmonary disease 181:205 a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling 181:269 BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling. 25663381 6 93 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 941:961 arg1 levels 823:828 the levels 819:828 the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 819:875 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 25663381 6 93 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 941:961 arg1 hydrolase 963:971 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase 932:971 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase 932:971 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 25663381 10 94 theme specific 1646:1653 arg1 proteolysis 1655:1665 specific proteolysis 1646:1665 specific proteolysis 1646:1665 CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux is increased in IPAH and drives OGT-facilitated PASMC proliferation through specific proteolysis and direct activation of host cell factor-1. 25663381 11 95 theme pathobiology 1831:1842 arg1 understanding 1802:1814 our understanding 1798:1814 our understanding of the disease pathobiology 1798:1842 These findings establish a novel regulatory role for OGT in IPAH, shed a new light on our understanding of the disease pathobiology, and provide opportunities to design novel therapeutic strategies for IPAH. 25663381 0 96 theme idiopathic 73:82 arg1 hypertension 103:114 idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension 73:114 idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension 73:114 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase directs cell proliferation in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. 25663381 8 97 theme OGT 1214:1216 arg1 knockdown 1201:1209 Partial knockdown 1193:1209 Partial knockdown of OGT in IPAH PASMCs 1193:1231 Partial knockdown of OGT in IPAH PASMCs resulted in reduced global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification levels and abrogated PASMC proliferation. 25663381 10 98 theme host 1692:1695 arg1 factor-1 1702:1709 host cell factor-1 1692:1709 host cell factor-1 1692:1709 CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux is increased in IPAH and drives OGT-facilitated PASMC proliferation through specific proteolysis and direct activation of host cell factor-1. 25663381 11 99 theme design 1874:1879 arg1 strategies 1899:1908 design novel therapeutic strategies 1874:1908 design novel therapeutic strategies for IPAH 1874:1917 These findings establish a novel regulatory role for OGT in IPAH, shed a new light on our understanding of the disease pathobiology, and provide opportunities to design novel therapeutic strategies for IPAH. 25663381 8 100 theme IPAH 1221:1224 arg1 PASMCs 1226:1231 IPAH PASMCs 1221:1231 IPAH PASMCs 1221:1231 Partial knockdown of OGT in IPAH PASMCs resulted in reduced global O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification levels and abrogated PASMC proliferation. 25663381 6 101 link O-linked 878:885 arg1 levels 823:828 the levels 819:828 the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 819:875 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 25663381 6 101 link O-linked 878:885 arg1 OGT 922:924 OGT 922:924 OGT 922:924 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 25663381 6 101 link O-linked 878:885 arg1 transferase 909:919 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 878:919 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 878:925 We measured the levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine hydrolase in control and IPAH cells and tissues. 28127681 6 0 theme glycan 842:847 arg1 mixture 849:855 a complex N-linked glycan mixture 823:855 a complex N-linked glycan mixture derived from stem differentiating xylem tissue 823:902 This investigation was followed up in a complex N-linked glycan mixture derived from stem differentiating xylem tissue, and the rearranged product ion was observed for 75% of the glycans. 28127681 7 1 theme core 1030:1033 arg1 fucose 1047:1052 a core or antennae fucose 1028:1052 fucose 1047:1052 Rearrangement was not favored in isomeric glycans with a core or antennae fucose and unobserved in glycans predicted to have a permanent core-fucose modification. 28127681 6 2 theme glycans 964:970 arg1 % 955:955 75% 953:955 75% of the glycans 953:970 This investigation was followed up in a complex N-linked glycan mixture derived from stem differentiating xylem tissue, and the rearranged product ion was observed for 75% of the glycans. 28127681 6 2 theme glycans 964:970 arg1 glycans 964:970 the glycans 960:970 the glycans 960:970 This investigation was followed up in a complex N-linked glycan mixture derived from stem differentiating xylem tissue, and the rearranged product ion was observed for 75% of the glycans. 28127681 6 3 theme N-linked 833:840 arg1 mixture 849:855 a complex N-linked glycan mixture 823:855 a complex N-linked glycan mixture derived from stem differentiating xylem tissue 823:902 This investigation was followed up in a complex N-linked glycan mixture derived from stem differentiating xylem tissue, and the rearranged product ion was observed for 75% of the glycans. 28127681 3 4 theme new 477:479 arg1 bonds 481:485 new bonds 477:485 new bonds 477:485 However, fucose migration has been observed in tandem MS, leading to the formation of new bonds over four saccharide units away. 28127681 6 5 theme product 924:930 arg1 ion 932:934 the rearranged product ion 909:934 the rearranged product ion 909:934 This investigation was followed up in a complex N-linked glycan mixture derived from stem differentiating xylem tissue, and the rearranged product ion was observed for 75% of the glycans. 28127681 5 6 theme beta-1,2 674:681 arg1 xylose 683:688 the beta-1,2 xylose 670:688 the beta-1,2 xylose 670:688 Using horseradish peroxidase as a standard, the beta-1,2 xylose was observed to migrate from a hexose to a glucosamine residue on the (Xyl)Man3GlcNac2 glycan. 28127681 6 7 theme complex 825:831 arg1 mixture 849:855 a complex N-linked glycan mixture 823:855 a complex N-linked glycan mixture derived from stem differentiating xylem tissue 823:902 This investigation was followed up in a complex N-linked glycan mixture derived from stem differentiating xylem tissue, and the rearranged product ion was observed for 75% of the glycans. 28127681 8 8 theme de 1252:1253 arg1 workflows 1278:1286 de novo sequencing glycan workflows 1252:1286 de novo sequencing glycan workflows 1252:1286 As the first empirical observation of this rearrangement, this work warrants dissemination so it may be searched in de novo sequencing glycan workflows. 28127681 6 9 theme rearranged 913:922 arg1 ion 932:934 the rearranged product ion 909:934 the rearranged product ion 909:934 This investigation was followed up in a complex N-linked glycan mixture derived from stem differentiating xylem tissue, and the rearranged product ion was observed for 75% of the glycans. 28127681 7 10 theme core-fucose 1110:1120 arg1 modification 1122:1133 a permanent core-fucose modification 1098:1133 a permanent core-fucose modification 1098:1133 Rearrangement was not favored in isomeric glycans with a core or antennae fucose and unobserved in glycans predicted to have a permanent core-fucose modification. 28127681 8 11 theme rearrangement 1179:1191 arg1 observation 1159:1169 the first empirical observation 1139:1169 the first empirical observation of this rearrangement 1139:1191 As the first empirical observation of this rearrangement, this work warrants dissemination so it may be searched in de novo sequencing glycan workflows. 28127681 8 11 theme rearrangement 1179:1191 arg1 dissemination 1213:1225 dissemination 1213:1225 dissemination so it may be searched in de novo sequencing glycan workflows 1213:1286 As the first empirical observation of this rearrangement, this work warrants dissemination so it may be searched in de novo sequencing glycan workflows. 28127681 7 12 theme isomeric 1006:1013 arg1 glycans 1015:1021 isomeric glycans 1006:1021 isomeric glycans with a core or antennae fucose 1006:1052 Rearrangement was not favored in isomeric glycans with a core or antennae fucose and unobserved in glycans predicted to have a permanent core-fucose modification. 28127681 4 13 theme saccharide 576:585 arg1 migration 587:595 saccharide migration 576:595 saccharide migration 576:595 In the following work, we report the second instance of saccharide migration ever to occur for N-glycans. 28127681 8 14 theme sequencing 1260:1269 arg1 workflows 1278:1286 de novo sequencing glycan workflows 1252:1286 de novo sequencing glycan workflows 1252:1286 As the first empirical observation of this rearrangement, this work warrants dissemination so it may be searched in de novo sequencing glycan workflows. 28127681 6 15 link N-linked 833:840 arg1 mixture 849:855 a complex N-linked glycan mixture 823:855 a complex N-linked glycan mixture derived from stem differentiating xylem tissue 823:902 This investigation was followed up in a complex N-linked glycan mixture derived from stem differentiating xylem tissue, and the rearranged product ion was observed for 75% of the glycans. 28127681 1 16 theme manual 174:179 arg1 interpretation 195:208 manual and automated interpretation 174:208 manual and automated interpretation of complex datasets 174:228 Understanding the rearrangement of gas-phase ions via tandem mass spectrometry is critical to improving manual and automated interpretation of complex datasets. 28127681 7 17 theme antennae 1038:1045 arg1 fucose 1047:1052 a core or antennae fucose 1028:1052 fucose 1047:1052 Rearrangement was not favored in isomeric glycans with a core or antennae fucose and unobserved in glycans predicted to have a permanent core-fucose modification. 28127681 5 18 from residue 745:751 arg1 glycan 777:782 the (Xyl)Man3GlcNac2 glycan 756:782 the (Xyl)Man3GlcNac2 glycan 756:782 Using horseradish peroxidase as a standard, the beta-1,2 xylose was observed to migrate from a hexose to a glucosamine residue on the (Xyl)Man3GlcNac2 glycan. 28127681 3 19 located observed 426:433 arg2 migration 407:415 fucose migration 400:415 fucose migration 400:415 However, fucose migration has been observed in tandem MS, leading to the formation of new bonds over four saccharide units away. 28127681 3 19 located observed 426:433 arg1 MS 445:446 tandem MS 438:446 tandem MS 438:446 However, fucose migration has been observed in tandem MS, leading to the formation of new bonds over four saccharide units away. 28127681 2 20 theme induced 284:290 arg1 CID 293:295 CID 293:295 CID 293:295 N-glycan analysis may be carried out under collision induced (CID) or higher energy collision dissociation (HCD), which favors cleavage at the glycosidic bond. 28127681 2 20 theme induced 284:290 arg1 collision 274:282 collision induced (CID) 274:296 collision induced (CID) 274:296 N-glycan analysis may be carried out under collision induced (CID) or higher energy collision dissociation (HCD), which favors cleavage at the glycosidic bond. 28127681 2 21 theme glycosidic 374:383 arg1 bond 385:388 the glycosidic bond 370:388 the glycosidic bond 370:388 N-glycan analysis may be carried out under collision induced (CID) or higher energy collision dissociation (HCD), which favors cleavage at the glycosidic bond. 28127681 2 22 theme collision 315:323 arg1 HCD 339:341 HCD 339:341 HCD 339:341 N-glycan analysis may be carried out under collision induced (CID) or higher energy collision dissociation (HCD), which favors cleavage at the glycosidic bond. 28127681 2 22 theme collision 315:323 arg1 dissociation 325:336 higher energy collision dissociation 301:336 higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) 301:342 N-glycan analysis may be carried out under collision induced (CID) or higher energy collision dissociation (HCD), which favors cleavage at the glycosidic bond. 28127681 1 23 theme automated 185:193 arg1 interpretation 195:208 manual and automated interpretation 174:208 manual and automated interpretation of complex datasets 174:228 Understanding the rearrangement of gas-phase ions via tandem mass spectrometry is critical to improving manual and automated interpretation of complex datasets. 28127681 8 24 theme empirical 1149:1157 arg1 observation 1159:1169 the first empirical observation 1139:1169 the first empirical observation of this rearrangement 1139:1191 As the first empirical observation of this rearrangement, this work warrants dissemination so it may be searched in de novo sequencing glycan workflows. 28127681 8 24 theme empirical 1149:1157 arg1 dissemination 1213:1225 dissemination 1213:1225 dissemination so it may be searched in de novo sequencing glycan workflows 1213:1286 As the first empirical observation of this rearrangement, this work warrants dissemination so it may be searched in de novo sequencing glycan workflows. 28127681 2 25 theme energy 308:313 arg1 HCD 339:341 HCD 339:341 HCD 339:341 N-glycan analysis may be carried out under collision induced (CID) or higher energy collision dissociation (HCD), which favors cleavage at the glycosidic bond. 28127681 2 25 theme energy 308:313 arg1 dissociation 325:336 higher energy collision dissociation 301:336 higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) 301:342 N-glycan analysis may be carried out under collision induced (CID) or higher energy collision dissociation (HCD), which favors cleavage at the glycosidic bond. 28127681 0 26 theme Tandem 24:29 arg1 Spectrometry 36:47 Tandem Mass Spectrometry 24:47 Tandem Mass Spectrometry of N-Linked Glycans 24:67 Xylose Migration During Tandem Mass Spectrometry of N-Linked Glycans. 28127681 2 27 theme higher 301:306 arg1 HCD 339:341 HCD 339:341 HCD 339:341 N-glycan analysis may be carried out under collision induced (CID) or higher energy collision dissociation (HCD), which favors cleavage at the glycosidic bond. 28127681 2 27 theme higher 301:306 arg1 dissociation 325:336 higher energy collision dissociation 301:336 higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) 301:342 N-glycan analysis may be carried out under collision induced (CID) or higher energy collision dissociation (HCD), which favors cleavage at the glycosidic bond. 28127681 4 28 theme migration 587:595 arg1 instance 564:571 the second instance 553:571 the second instance of saccharide migration ever to occur for N-glycans 553:623 In the following work, we report the second instance of saccharide migration ever to occur for N-glycans. 28127681 8 29 theme glycan 1271:1276 arg1 workflows 1278:1286 de novo sequencing glycan workflows 1252:1286 de novo sequencing glycan workflows 1252:1286 As the first empirical observation of this rearrangement, this work warrants dissemination so it may be searched in de novo sequencing glycan workflows. 28127681 4 30 theme following 527:535 arg1 work 537:540 the following work 523:540 the following work 523:540 In the following work, we report the second instance of saccharide migration ever to occur for N-glycans. 28127681 1 31 theme ions 115:118 arg1 rearrangement 88:100 the rearrangement 84:100 the rearrangement of gas-phase ions 84:118 Understanding the rearrangement of gas-phase ions via tandem mass spectrometry is critical to improving manual and automated interpretation of complex datasets. 28127681 1 32 theme complex 213:219 arg1 datasets 221:228 complex datasets 213:228 complex datasets 213:228 Understanding the rearrangement of gas-phase ions via tandem mass spectrometry is critical to improving manual and automated interpretation of complex datasets. 28127681 7 33 theme permanent 1100:1108 arg1 modification 1122:1133 a permanent core-fucose modification 1098:1133 a permanent core-fucose modification 1098:1133 Rearrangement was not favored in isomeric glycans with a core or antennae fucose and unobserved in glycans predicted to have a permanent core-fucose modification. 28127681 6 34 theme xylem 891:895 arg1 tissue 897:902 stem differentiating xylem tissue 870:902 stem differentiating xylem tissue 870:902 This investigation was followed up in a complex N-linked glycan mixture derived from stem differentiating xylem tissue, and the rearranged product ion was observed for 75% of the glycans. 28127681 5 35 theme Man3GlcNac2 765:775 arg1 glycan 777:782 the (Xyl)Man3GlcNac2 glycan 756:782 the (Xyl)Man3GlcNac2 glycan 756:782 Using horseradish peroxidase as a standard, the beta-1,2 xylose was observed to migrate from a hexose to a glucosamine residue on the (Xyl)Man3GlcNac2 glycan. 28127681 1 36 theme datasets 221:228 arg1 interpretation 195:208 manual and automated interpretation 174:208 manual and automated interpretation of complex datasets 174:228 Understanding the rearrangement of gas-phase ions via tandem mass spectrometry is critical to improving manual and automated interpretation of complex datasets. 28127681 0 37 theme Mass 31:34 arg1 Spectrometry 36:47 Tandem Mass Spectrometry 24:47 Tandem Mass Spectrometry of N-Linked Glycans 24:67 Xylose Migration During Tandem Mass Spectrometry of N-Linked Glycans. 28127681 6 38 theme differentiating 875:889 arg1 tissue 897:902 stem differentiating xylem tissue 870:902 stem differentiating xylem tissue 870:902 This investigation was followed up in a complex N-linked glycan mixture derived from stem differentiating xylem tissue, and the rearranged product ion was observed for 75% of the glycans. 28127681 3 39 theme fucose 400:405 arg1 migration 407:415 fucose migration 400:415 fucose migration 400:415 However, fucose migration has been observed in tandem MS, leading to the formation of new bonds over four saccharide units away. 28127681 3 40 theme tandem 438:443 arg1 MS 445:446 tandem MS 438:446 tandem MS 438:446 However, fucose migration has been observed in tandem MS, leading to the formation of new bonds over four saccharide units away. 28127681 0 41 theme N-Linked 52:59 arg1 Glycans 61:67 N-Linked Glycans 52:67 N-Linked Glycans 52:67 Xylose Migration During Tandem Mass Spectrometry of N-Linked Glycans. 28127681 6 42 theme stem 870:873 arg1 tissue 897:902 stem differentiating xylem tissue 870:902 stem differentiating xylem tissue 870:902 This investigation was followed up in a complex N-linked glycan mixture derived from stem differentiating xylem tissue, and the rearranged product ion was observed for 75% of the glycans. 28127681 6 43 attach derived 857:863 arg2 mixture 849:855 a complex N-linked glycan mixture 823:855 a complex N-linked glycan mixture derived from stem differentiating xylem tissue 823:902 This investigation was followed up in a complex N-linked glycan mixture derived from stem differentiating xylem tissue, and the rearranged product ion was observed for 75% of the glycans. 28127681 6 43 attach derived 857:863 arg1 tissue 897:902 stem differentiating xylem tissue 870:902 stem differentiating xylem tissue 870:902 This investigation was followed up in a complex N-linked glycan mixture derived from stem differentiating xylem tissue, and the rearranged product ion was observed for 75% of the glycans. 28127681 5 44 theme glucosamine 733:743 arg1 residue 745:751 a glucosamine residue 731:751 a glucosamine residue on the (Xyl)Man3GlcNac2 glycan 731:782 Using horseradish peroxidase as a standard, the beta-1,2 xylose was observed to migrate from a hexose to a glucosamine residue on the (Xyl)Man3GlcNac2 glycan. 28127681 5 45 theme horseradish 632:642 arg1 peroxidase 644:653 horseradish peroxidase 632:653 horseradish peroxidase 632:653 Using horseradish peroxidase as a standard, the beta-1,2 xylose was observed to migrate from a hexose to a glucosamine residue on the (Xyl)Man3GlcNac2 glycan. 28127681 5 45 theme horseradish 632:642 arg1 standard 660:667 standard 660:667 standard 660:667 Using horseradish peroxidase as a standard, the beta-1,2 xylose was observed to migrate from a hexose to a glucosamine residue on the (Xyl)Man3GlcNac2 glycan. 28127681 2 46 theme N-glycan 231:238 arg1 analysis 240:247 N-glycan analysis 231:247 N-glycan analysis 231:247 N-glycan analysis may be carried out under collision induced (CID) or higher energy collision dissociation (HCD), which favors cleavage at the glycosidic bond. 28127681 2 47 from bond 385:388 arg1 cleavage 358:365 cleavage 358:365 cleavage at the glycosidic bond 358:388 N-glycan analysis may be carried out under collision induced (CID) or higher energy collision dissociation (HCD), which favors cleavage at the glycosidic bond. 28127681 1 48 theme tandem 124:129 arg1 spectrometry 136:147 tandem mass spectrometry 124:147 tandem mass spectrometry 124:147 Understanding the rearrangement of gas-phase ions via tandem mass spectrometry is critical to improving manual and automated interpretation of complex datasets. 28127681 9 49 theme Graphical 1289:1297 arg1 Abstract 1299:1306 Graphical Abstract 1289:1306 Graphical Abstract 1289:1306 Graphical Abstract ᅟ. 28127681 1 50 theme mass 131:134 arg1 spectrometry 136:147 tandem mass spectrometry 124:147 tandem mass spectrometry 124:147 Understanding the rearrangement of gas-phase ions via tandem mass spectrometry is critical to improving manual and automated interpretation of complex datasets. 28127681 1 51 theme gas-phase 105:113 arg1 ions 115:118 gas-phase ions 105:118 gas-phase ions 105:118 Understanding the rearrangement of gas-phase ions via tandem mass spectrometry is critical to improving manual and automated interpretation of complex datasets. 28127681 4 52 theme second 557:562 arg1 instance 564:571 the second instance 553:571 the second instance of saccharide migration ever to occur for N-glycans 553:623 In the following work, we report the second instance of saccharide migration ever to occur for N-glycans. 28127681 3 53 theme saccharide 497:506 arg1 units 508:512 four saccharide units 492:512 four saccharide units away 492:517 However, fucose migration has been observed in tandem MS, leading to the formation of new bonds over four saccharide units away. 28127681 8 54 dep de 1252:1253 arg1 novo 1255:1258 novo 1255:1258 novo 1255:1258 As the first empirical observation of this rearrangement, this work warrants dissemination so it may be searched in de novo sequencing glycan workflows. 28127681 8 55 dep dissemination 1213:1225 arg1 searched 1240:1247 searched 1240:1247 may be searched in de novo sequencing glycan workflows 1233:1286 As the first empirical observation of this rearrangement, this work warrants dissemination so it may be searched in de novo sequencing glycan workflows. 28127681 7 56 with glycans 1015:1021 arg1 fucose 1047:1052 a core or antennae fucose 1028:1052 fucose 1047:1052 Rearrangement was not favored in isomeric glycans with a core or antennae fucose and unobserved in glycans predicted to have a permanent core-fucose modification. 28127681 5 57 theme Xyl 761:763 arg1 glycan 777:782 the (Xyl)Man3GlcNac2 glycan 756:782 the (Xyl)Man3GlcNac2 glycan 756:782 Using horseradish peroxidase as a standard, the beta-1,2 xylose was observed to migrate from a hexose to a glucosamine residue on the (Xyl)Man3GlcNac2 glycan. 28127681 3 58 theme bonds 481:485 arg1 formation 464:472 the formation 460:472 the formation of new bonds over four saccharide units away 460:517 However, fucose migration has been observed in tandem MS, leading to the formation of new bonds over four saccharide units away. 28127681 8 59 theme first 1143:1147 arg1 observation 1159:1169 the first empirical observation 1139:1169 the first empirical observation of this rearrangement 1139:1191 As the first empirical observation of this rearrangement, this work warrants dissemination so it may be searched in de novo sequencing glycan workflows. 28127681 8 59 theme first 1143:1147 arg1 dissemination 1213:1225 dissemination 1213:1225 dissemination so it may be searched in de novo sequencing glycan workflows 1213:1286 As the first empirical observation of this rearrangement, this work warrants dissemination so it may be searched in de novo sequencing glycan workflows. 28127681 0 60 theme Glycans 61:67 arg1 Spectrometry 36:47 Tandem Mass Spectrometry 24:47 Tandem Mass Spectrometry of N-Linked Glycans 24:67 Xylose Migration During Tandem Mass Spectrometry of N-Linked Glycans. 25068150 0 0 theme hydrophilic 82:92 arg1 extraction 139:148 hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction 82:148 hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction 82:148 Sample preparation for mass spectrometric analysis of human serum N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction. 25068150 9 1 theme N-linked 1332:1339 arg1 glycans 1341:1347 N-linked glycans 1332:1347 N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins 1332:1386 These results demonstrate that the present method is suitable for fast purification of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins, and has potential for clinical application. 25068150 7 2 attach released 1057:1064 arg1 proteins 1083:1090 human serum proteins 1071:1090 human serum proteins 1071:1090 Using this method, a total of 47 unique N-glycans released from human serum proteins were identified. 25068150 7 2 attach released 1057:1064 arg2 N-glycans 1047:1055 47 unique N-glycans 1037:1055 47 unique N-glycans released from human serum proteins 1037:1090 Using this method, a total of 47 unique N-glycans released from human serum proteins were identified. 25068150 1 3 theme glycans 181:187 arg1 levels 162:167 Expression levels 151:167 Expression levels of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins 151:226 Expression levels of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins have been shown to change during the progression of many diseases. 25068150 5 4 theme TE-Cys 770:775 arg1 hydrophilicity 746:759 The high hydrophilicity 737:759 The high hydrophilicity 737:759 The high hydrophilicity of Click TE-Cys, resulting from its unique surface structure and charge distribution, facilitated removal of co-existing salts and endogenous serum peptides. 25068150 9 5 theme clinical 1411:1418 arg1 application 1420:1430 clinical application 1411:1430 clinical application 1411:1430 These results demonstrate that the present method is suitable for fast purification of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins, and has potential for clinical application. 25068150 6 6 theme enrichment 944:953 arg1 approach 955:962 the present enrichment approach 932:962 the present enrichment approach 932:962 Furthermore, the present enrichment approach was handled in parallel, thus saving time. 25068150 9 7 contain has 1393:1395 arg1 suitable 1298:1305 suitable 1298:1305 suitable 1298:1305 These results demonstrate that the present method is suitable for fast purification of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins, and has potential for clinical application. 25068150 9 7 contain has 1393:1395 arg1 method 1288:1293 the present method 1276:1293 the present method 1276:1293 These results demonstrate that the present method is suitable for fast purification of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins, and has potential for clinical application. 25068150 9 7 contain has 1393:1395 arg2 potential 1397:1405 potential 1397:1405 potential for clinical application 1397:1430 These results demonstrate that the present method is suitable for fast purification of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins, and has potential for clinical application. 25068150 3 8 theme contaminants 450:461 arg1 removal 433:439 Effective removal 423:439 Effective removal of these contaminants 423:461 Effective removal of these contaminants is essential to obtain the glycan profile of human serum proteins. 25068150 1 9 theme many 280:283 arg1 diseases 285:292 many diseases 280:292 many diseases 280:292 Expression levels of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins have been shown to change during the progression of many diseases. 25068150 0 10 theme chromatography-based 106:125 arg1 extraction 139:148 hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction 82:148 hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction 82:148 Sample preparation for mass spectrometric analysis of human serum N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction. 25068150 6 11 theme present 936:942 arg1 approach 955:962 the present enrichment approach 932:962 the present enrichment approach 932:962 Furthermore, the present enrichment approach was handled in parallel, thus saving time. 25068150 1 12 gly glycoproteins 214:226 arg1 glycoproteins 214:226 human serum glycoproteins 202:226 human serum glycoproteins 202:226 Expression levels of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins have been shown to change during the progression of many diseases. 25068150 8 13 link N-linked 1176:1183 arg1 glycans 1185:1191 the 47 N-linked glycans 1169:1191 the 47 N-linked glycans 1169:1191 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients of variation for the 47 N-linked glycans were 8.57% ± 0.96% and 9.22% ± 1.03%, respectively. 25068150 1 14 theme diseases 285:292 arg1 progression 265:275 the progression 261:275 the progression of many diseases 261:292 Expression levels of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins have been shown to change during the progression of many diseases. 25068150 0 15 theme interaction 94:104 arg1 extraction 139:148 hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction 82:148 hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction 82:148 Sample preparation for mass spectrometric analysis of human serum N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction. 25068150 4 16 theme Click 723:727 arg1 TE-Cys 729:734 Click TE-Cys 723:734 Click TE-Cys 723:734 Here, we developed a sample preparation method for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys. 25068150 8 17 theme ± 1204:1204 arg1 % 1210:1210 8.57% ± 0.96% 1198:1210 8.57% ± 0.96% 1198:1210 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients of variation for the 47 N-linked glycans were 8.57% ± 0.96% and 9.22% ± 1.03%, respectively. 25068150 8 17 theme ± 1204:1204 arg1 coefficients 1139:1150 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients 1109:1150 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients of variation for the 47 N-linked glycans 1109:1191 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients of variation for the 47 N-linked glycans were 8.57% ± 0.96% and 9.22% ± 1.03%, respectively. 25068150 0 18 theme phase 133:137 arg1 extraction 139:148 hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction 82:148 hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction 82:148 Sample preparation for mass spectrometric analysis of human serum N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction. 25068150 3 19 theme serum 514:518 arg1 proteins 520:527 human serum proteins 508:527 human serum proteins 508:527 Effective removal of these contaminants is essential to obtain the glycan profile of human serum proteins. 25068150 2 20 theme other 403:407 arg1 contaminants 409:420 other contaminants 403:420 other contaminants 403:420 Generally, N-glycans released from human serum proteins co-exist with endogenous serum peptides, salts, and other contaminants. 25068150 5 21 theme surface 804:810 arg1 structure 812:820 its unique surface structure 793:820 its unique surface structure 793:820 The high hydrophilicity of Click TE-Cys, resulting from its unique surface structure and charge distribution, facilitated removal of co-existing salts and endogenous serum peptides. 25068150 0 22 theme solid 127:131 arg1 extraction 139:148 hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction 82:148 hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction 82:148 Sample preparation for mass spectrometric analysis of human serum N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction. 25068150 1 23 attach derived 189:195 arg2 glycans 181:187 N-linked glycans 172:187 N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins 172:226 Expression levels of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins have been shown to change during the progression of many diseases. 25068150 1 23 attach derived 189:195 arg1 glycoproteins 214:226 human serum glycoproteins 202:226 human serum glycoproteins 202:226 Expression levels of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins have been shown to change during the progression of many diseases. 25068150 8 24 theme % 1202:1202 arg1 % 1210:1210 8.57% ± 0.96% 1198:1210 8.57% ± 0.96% 1198:1210 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients of variation for the 47 N-linked glycans were 8.57% ± 0.96% and 9.22% ± 1.03%, respectively. 25068150 8 24 theme % 1202:1202 arg1 coefficients 1139:1150 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients 1109:1150 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients of variation for the 47 N-linked glycans 1109:1191 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients of variation for the 47 N-linked glycans were 8.57% ± 0.96% and 9.22% ± 1.03%, respectively. 25068150 8 25 theme intrabatch 1113:1122 arg1 % 1210:1210 8.57% ± 0.96% 1198:1210 8.57% ± 0.96% 1198:1210 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients of variation for the 47 N-linked glycans were 8.57% ± 0.96% and 9.22% ± 1.03%, respectively. 25068150 8 25 theme intrabatch 1113:1122 arg1 coefficients 1139:1150 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients 1109:1150 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients of variation for the 47 N-linked glycans 1109:1191 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients of variation for the 47 N-linked glycans were 8.57% ± 0.96% and 9.22% ± 1.03%, respectively. 25068150 1 26 theme human 202:206 arg1 glycoproteins 214:226 human serum glycoproteins 202:226 human serum glycoproteins 202:226 Expression levels of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins have been shown to change during the progression of many diseases. 25068150 5 27 theme charge 826:831 arg1 distribution 833:844 charge distribution 826:844 charge distribution 826:844 The high hydrophilicity of Click TE-Cys, resulting from its unique surface structure and charge distribution, facilitated removal of co-existing salts and endogenous serum peptides. 25068150 4 28 theme mass 581:584 arg1 MS 600:601 MS 600:601 MS 600:601 Here, we developed a sample preparation method for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys. 25068150 4 28 theme mass 581:584 arg1 spectrometry 586:597 mass spectrometry 581:597 mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys 581:734 Here, we developed a sample preparation method for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys. 25068150 1 29 theme serum 208:212 arg1 glycoproteins 214:226 human serum glycoproteins 202:226 human serum glycoproteins 202:226 Expression levels of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins have been shown to change during the progression of many diseases. 25068150 0 30 theme Sample 0:5 arg1 preparation 7:17 Sample preparation 0:17 Sample preparation 0:17 Sample preparation for mass spectrometric analysis of human serum N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction. 25068150 4 31 gly glycoproteins 658:670 arg1 glycoproteins 658:670 human serum glycoproteins 646:670 human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys 646:734 Here, we developed a sample preparation method for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys. 25068150 7 32 theme serum 1077:1081 arg1 proteins 1083:1090 human serum proteins 1071:1090 human serum proteins 1071:1090 Using this method, a total of 47 unique N-glycans released from human serum proteins were identified. 25068150 2 33 theme serum 336:340 arg1 proteins 342:349 human serum proteins 330:349 human serum proteins 330:349 Generally, N-glycans released from human serum proteins co-exist with endogenous serum peptides, salts, and other contaminants. 25068150 5 34 theme peptides 909:916 arg1 removal 859:865 removal 859:865 removal of co-existing salts and endogenous serum peptides 859:916 The high hydrophilicity of Click TE-Cys, resulting from its unique surface structure and charge distribution, facilitated removal of co-existing salts and endogenous serum peptides. 25068150 0 35 theme mass 23:26 arg1 analysis 42:49 mass spectrometric analysis 23:49 mass spectrometric analysis of human serum N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction 23:148 Sample preparation for mass spectrometric analysis of human serum N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction. 25068150 2 36 theme human 330:334 arg1 proteins 342:349 human serum proteins 330:349 human serum proteins 330:349 Generally, N-glycans released from human serum proteins co-exist with endogenous serum peptides, salts, and other contaminants. 25068150 9 37 theme serum 1368:1372 arg1 glycoproteins 1374:1386 human serum glycoproteins 1362:1386 human serum glycoproteins 1362:1386 These results demonstrate that the present method is suitable for fast purification of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins, and has potential for clinical application. 25068150 3 38 theme glycan 490:495 arg1 profile 497:503 the glycan profile 486:503 the glycan profile of human serum proteins 486:527 Effective removal of these contaminants is essential to obtain the glycan profile of human serum proteins. 25068150 9 39 attach derived 1349:1355 arg1 glycoproteins 1374:1386 human serum glycoproteins 1362:1386 human serum glycoproteins 1362:1386 These results demonstrate that the present method is suitable for fast purification of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins, and has potential for clinical application. 25068150 9 39 attach derived 1349:1355 arg2 glycans 1341:1347 N-linked glycans 1332:1347 N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins 1332:1386 These results demonstrate that the present method is suitable for fast purification of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins, and has potential for clinical application. 25068150 4 40 theme spectrometry 586:597 arg1 analysis 604:611 mass spectrometry (MS) analysis 581:611 mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys 581:734 Here, we developed a sample preparation method for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys. 25068150 8 41 dep % 1220:1220 arg1 % 1228:1228 1.03% 1224:1228 9.22% ± 1.03% 1216:1228 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients of variation for the 47 N-linked glycans were 8.57% ± 0.96% and 9.22% ± 1.03%, respectively. 25068150 9 42 theme glycans 1341:1347 arg1 purification 1316:1327 fast purification 1311:1327 fast purification of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins 1311:1386 These results demonstrate that the present method is suitable for fast purification of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins, and has potential for clinical application. 25068150 5 43 theme unique 797:802 arg1 structure 812:820 its unique surface structure 793:820 its unique surface structure 793:820 The high hydrophilicity of Click TE-Cys, resulting from its unique surface structure and charge distribution, facilitated removal of co-existing salts and endogenous serum peptides. 25068150 3 44 theme proteins 520:527 arg1 profile 497:503 the glycan profile 486:503 the glycan profile of human serum proteins 486:527 Effective removal of these contaminants is essential to obtain the glycan profile of human serum proteins. 25068150 7 45 theme human 1071:1075 arg1 proteins 1083:1090 human serum proteins 1071:1090 human serum proteins 1071:1090 Using this method, a total of 47 unique N-glycans released from human serum proteins were identified. 25068150 5 46 theme co-existing 870:880 arg1 salts 882:886 co-existing salts 870:886 co-existing salts 870:886 The high hydrophilicity of Click TE-Cys, resulting from its unique surface structure and charge distribution, facilitated removal of co-existing salts and endogenous serum peptides. 25068150 4 47 theme zwitterionic 683:694 arg1 material 708:715 a zwitterionic hydrophilic material 681:715 a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys 681:734 Here, we developed a sample preparation method for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys. 25068150 5 48 theme serum 903:907 arg1 peptides 909:916 endogenous serum peptides 892:916 endogenous serum peptides 892:916 The high hydrophilicity of Click TE-Cys, resulting from its unique surface structure and charge distribution, facilitated removal of co-existing salts and endogenous serum peptides. 25068150 0 49 theme spectrometric 28:40 arg1 analysis 42:49 mass spectrometric analysis 23:49 mass spectrometric analysis of human serum N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction 23:148 Sample preparation for mass spectrometric analysis of human serum N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction. 25068150 9 50 theme human 1362:1366 arg1 glycoproteins 1374:1386 human serum glycoproteins 1362:1386 human serum glycoproteins 1362:1386 These results demonstrate that the present method is suitable for fast purification of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins, and has potential for clinical application. 25068150 1 51 link N-linked 172:179 arg1 glycans 181:187 N-linked glycans 172:187 N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins 172:226 Expression levels of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins have been shown to change during the progression of many diseases. 25068150 4 52 link N-linked 616:623 arg1 glycans 625:631 N-linked glycans 616:631 N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys 616:734 Here, we developed a sample preparation method for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys. 25068150 9 53 gly glycoproteins 1374:1386 arg1 glycoproteins 1374:1386 human serum glycoproteins 1362:1386 human serum glycoproteins 1362:1386 These results demonstrate that the present method is suitable for fast purification of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins, and has potential for clinical application. 25068150 5 54 theme salts 882:886 arg1 removal 859:865 removal 859:865 removal of co-existing salts and endogenous serum peptides 859:916 The high hydrophilicity of Click TE-Cys, resulting from its unique surface structure and charge distribution, facilitated removal of co-existing salts and endogenous serum peptides. 25068150 4 55 theme serum 652:656 arg1 glycoproteins 658:670 human serum glycoproteins 646:670 human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys 646:734 Here, we developed a sample preparation method for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys. 25068150 0 56 theme human 54:58 arg1 N-glycans 66:74 human serum N-glycans 54:74 human serum N-glycans 54:74 Sample preparation for mass spectrometric analysis of human serum N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction. 25068150 2 57 attach released 316:323 arg1 proteins 342:349 human serum proteins 330:349 human serum proteins 330:349 Generally, N-glycans released from human serum proteins co-exist with endogenous serum peptides, salts, and other contaminants. 25068150 2 57 attach released 316:323 arg2 N-glycans 306:314 N-glycans 306:314 N-glycans released from human serum proteins 306:349 Generally, N-glycans released from human serum proteins co-exist with endogenous serum peptides, salts, and other contaminants. 25068150 8 58 theme interbatch 1128:1137 arg1 % 1210:1210 8.57% ± 0.96% 1198:1210 8.57% ± 0.96% 1198:1210 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients of variation for the 47 N-linked glycans were 8.57% ± 0.96% and 9.22% ± 1.03%, respectively. 25068150 8 58 theme interbatch 1128:1137 arg1 coefficients 1139:1150 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients 1109:1150 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients of variation for the 47 N-linked glycans 1109:1191 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients of variation for the 47 N-linked glycans were 8.57% ± 0.96% and 9.22% ± 1.03%, respectively. 25068150 8 59 theme variation 1155:1163 arg1 % 1210:1210 8.57% ± 0.96% 1198:1210 8.57% ± 0.96% 1198:1210 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients of variation for the 47 N-linked glycans were 8.57% ± 0.96% and 9.22% ± 1.03%, respectively. 25068150 8 59 theme variation 1155:1163 arg1 coefficients 1139:1150 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients 1109:1150 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients of variation for the 47 N-linked glycans 1109:1191 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients of variation for the 47 N-linked glycans were 8.57% ± 0.96% and 9.22% ± 1.03%, respectively. 25068150 2 60 theme serum 376:380 arg1 peptides 382:389 endogenous serum peptides 365:389 endogenous serum peptides 365:389 Generally, N-glycans released from human serum proteins co-exist with endogenous serum peptides, salts, and other contaminants. 25068150 5 61 theme high 741:744 arg1 hydrophilicity 746:759 The high hydrophilicity 737:759 The high hydrophilicity 737:759 The high hydrophilicity of Click TE-Cys, resulting from its unique surface structure and charge distribution, facilitated removal of co-existing salts and endogenous serum peptides. 25068150 4 62 theme preparation 558:568 arg1 method 570:575 a sample preparation method 549:575 a sample preparation method for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys 549:734 Here, we developed a sample preparation method for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys. 25068150 9 63 theme fast 1311:1314 arg1 purification 1316:1327 fast purification 1311:1327 fast purification of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins 1311:1386 These results demonstrate that the present method is suitable for fast purification of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins, and has potential for clinical application. 25068150 4 64 attach derived 633:639 arg2 glycans 625:631 N-linked glycans 616:631 N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys 616:734 Here, we developed a sample preparation method for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys. 25068150 4 64 attach derived 633:639 arg1 glycoproteins 658:670 human serum glycoproteins 646:670 human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys 646:734 Here, we developed a sample preparation method for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys. 25068150 2 65 theme endogenous 365:374 arg1 peptides 382:389 endogenous serum peptides 365:389 endogenous serum peptides 365:389 Generally, N-glycans released from human serum proteins co-exist with endogenous serum peptides, salts, and other contaminants. 25068150 4 66 theme sample 551:556 arg1 method 570:575 a sample preparation method 549:575 a sample preparation method for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys 549:734 Here, we developed a sample preparation method for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys. 25068150 7 67 theme unique 1040:1045 arg1 N-glycans 1047:1055 47 unique N-glycans 1037:1055 47 unique N-glycans released from human serum proteins 1037:1090 Using this method, a total of 47 unique N-glycans released from human serum proteins were identified. 25068150 8 68 theme N-linked 1176:1183 arg1 glycans 1185:1191 the 47 N-linked glycans 1169:1191 the 47 N-linked glycans 1169:1191 The intrabatch and interbatch coefficients of variation for the 47 N-linked glycans were 8.57% ± 0.96% and 9.22% ± 1.03%, respectively. 25068150 3 69 theme Effective 423:431 arg1 removal 433:439 Effective removal 423:439 Effective removal of these contaminants 423:461 Effective removal of these contaminants is essential to obtain the glycan profile of human serum proteins. 25068150 4 70 theme hydrophilic 696:706 arg1 material 708:715 a zwitterionic hydrophilic material 681:715 a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys 681:734 Here, we developed a sample preparation method for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys. 25068150 1 71 theme Expression 151:160 arg1 levels 162:167 Expression levels 151:167 Expression levels of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins 151:226 Expression levels of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins have been shown to change during the progression of many diseases. 25068150 4 72 theme N-linked 616:623 arg1 glycans 625:631 N-linked glycans 616:631 N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys 616:734 Here, we developed a sample preparation method for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys. 25068150 7 73 theme N-glycans 1047:1055 arg1 total 1028:1032 a total 1026:1032 a total of 47 unique N-glycans released from human serum proteins 1026:1090 Using this method, a total of 47 unique N-glycans released from human serum proteins were identified. 25068150 9 74 link N-linked 1332:1339 arg1 glycans 1341:1347 N-linked glycans 1332:1347 N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins 1332:1386 These results demonstrate that the present method is suitable for fast purification of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins, and has potential for clinical application. 25068150 3 75 theme human 508:512 arg1 proteins 520:527 human serum proteins 508:527 human serum proteins 508:527 Effective removal of these contaminants is essential to obtain the glycan profile of human serum proteins. 25068150 0 76 theme N-glycans 66:74 arg1 analysis 42:49 mass spectrometric analysis 23:49 mass spectrometric analysis of human serum N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction 23:148 Sample preparation for mass spectrometric analysis of human serum N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction. 25068150 5 77 theme Click 764:768 arg1 TE-Cys 770:775 Click TE-Cys 764:775 Click TE-Cys 764:775 The high hydrophilicity of Click TE-Cys, resulting from its unique surface structure and charge distribution, facilitated removal of co-existing salts and endogenous serum peptides. 25068150 0 78 dep preparation 7:17 arg1 analysis 42:49 mass spectrometric analysis 23:49 mass spectrometric analysis of human serum N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction 23:148 Sample preparation for mass spectrometric analysis of human serum N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction. 25068150 4 79 theme human 646:650 arg1 glycoproteins 658:670 human serum glycoproteins 646:670 human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys 646:734 Here, we developed a sample preparation method for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys. 25068150 5 80 theme endogenous 892:901 arg1 peptides 909:916 endogenous serum peptides 892:916 endogenous serum peptides 892:916 The high hydrophilicity of Click TE-Cys, resulting from its unique surface structure and charge distribution, facilitated removal of co-existing salts and endogenous serum peptides. 25068150 0 81 theme serum 60:64 arg1 N-glycans 66:74 human serum N-glycans 54:74 human serum N-glycans 54:74 Sample preparation for mass spectrometric analysis of human serum N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction. 25068150 9 82 theme present 1280:1286 arg1 suitable 1298:1305 suitable 1298:1305 suitable 1298:1305 These results demonstrate that the present method is suitable for fast purification of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins, and has potential for clinical application. 25068150 9 82 theme present 1280:1286 arg1 method 1288:1293 the present method 1276:1293 the present method 1276:1293 These results demonstrate that the present method is suitable for fast purification of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins, and has potential for clinical application. 25068150 1 83 theme N-linked 172:179 arg1 glycans 181:187 N-linked glycans 172:187 N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins 172:226 Expression levels of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins have been shown to change during the progression of many diseases. 25068150 4 84 theme glycans 625:631 arg1 analysis 604:611 mass spectrometry (MS) analysis 581:611 mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys 581:734 Here, we developed a sample preparation method for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of N-linked glycans derived from human serum glycoproteins based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic material named Click TE-Cys. 27014243 8 0 theme enzyme 1178:1183 arg1 production 1185:1194 extracellular enzyme production 1164:1194 extracellular enzyme production 1164:1194 We hypothesize that this microbial ecophysiological response to changing soil moisture elevates the intracellular carbon demand stimulating extracellular enzyme production, that prompts the observed decline in more complex carbon compounds (e.g., cellulose and lignin). 27014243 8 1 from decline 1223:1229 arg1 compounds 1254:1262 more complex carbon compounds 1234:1262 more complex carbon compounds (e.g., cellulose and lignin) 1234:1291 We hypothesize that this microbial ecophysiological response to changing soil moisture elevates the intracellular carbon demand stimulating extracellular enzyme production, that prompts the observed decline in more complex carbon compounds (e.g., cellulose and lignin). 27014243 3 2 theme increased 228:236 arg1 frequency 238:246 frequency 238:246 frequency 238:246 Climate model projections for tropical regions show clear perturbation of precipitation patterns leading to increased frequency and severity of drought in some regions. 27014243 10 3 from decline 1607:1613 arg1 concentration 1629:1641 phosphorus concentration 1618:1641 phosphorus concentration 1618:1641 This hysteretic response, in addition to an observed drought-related decline in phosphorus concentration, may have been responsible for a comparatively modest CO2 efflux following wet-up in drought plots relative to control plots. 27014243 2 4 theme Carbon 100:105 arg1 Composition 107:117 Carbon Composition 100:117 Carbon Composition 100:117 Change in Microbial Function Impacts Carbon Composition. 27014243 10 5 theme relative 1740:1747 arg1 plots 1734:1738 drought plots 1726:1738 drought plots relative to control plots 1726:1764 This hysteretic response, in addition to an observed drought-related decline in phosphorus concentration, may have been responsible for a comparatively modest CO2 efflux following wet-up in drought plots relative to control plots. 27014243 4 6 theme trait 383:387 arg1 distribution 389:400 microbial trait distribution 373:400 microbial trait distribution 373:400 Previous work has shown declining soil moisture to be a strong driver of changes in microbial trait distribution, however, the feedback of any shift in functional potential on ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling are poorly understood. 27014243 10 7 theme observed 1582:1589 arg1 decline 1607:1613 an observed drought-related decline 1579:1613 an observed drought-related decline in phosphorus concentration 1579:1641 This hysteretic response, in addition to an observed drought-related decline in phosphorus concentration, may have been responsible for a comparatively modest CO2 efflux following wet-up in drought plots relative to control plots. 27014243 9 8 theme polysaccharides 1435:1449 arg1 production 1421:1430 the production 1417:1430 the production of polysaccharides 1417:1449 Furthermore, a metabolic response to drought appeared to condition (biologically and physically) the soil, notably through the production of polysaccharides, particularly in experimental plots that had been pre-exposed to a short-term drought. 27014243 4 9 from distribution 389:400 arg1 driver 352:357 a strong driver 343:357 a strong driver of changes in microbial trait distribution 343:400 Previous work has shown declining soil moisture to be a strong driver of changes in microbial trait distribution, however, the feedback of any shift in functional potential on ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling are poorly understood. 27014243 8 10 theme observed 1214:1221 arg1 decline 1223:1229 the observed decline 1210:1229 the observed decline in more complex carbon compounds (e.g., cellulose and lignin) 1210:1291 We hypothesize that this microbial ecophysiological response to changing soil moisture elevates the intracellular carbon demand stimulating extracellular enzyme production, that prompts the observed decline in more complex carbon compounds (e.g., cellulose and lignin). 27014243 10 11 theme phosphorus 1618:1627 arg1 concentration 1629:1641 phosphorus concentration 1618:1641 phosphorus concentration 1618:1641 This hysteretic response, in addition to an observed drought-related decline in phosphorus concentration, may have been responsible for a comparatively modest CO2 efflux following wet-up in drought plots relative to control plots. 27014243 4 12 from potential 452:460 arg1 feedback 416:423 the feedback 412:423 the feedback of any shift in functional potential on ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling 412:510 Previous work has shown declining soil moisture to be a strong driver of changes in microbial trait distribution, however, the feedback of any shift in functional potential on ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling are poorly understood. 27014243 6 13 theme functional 761:770 arg1 traits 772:777 microbial functional traits 751:777 microbial functional traits that favor the production of hygroscopic compounds 751:828 We also demonstrate that a shift in microbial functional traits that favor the production of hygroscopic compounds alter the efflux of carbon dioxide following soil rewetting. 27014243 9 14 theme experimental 1468:1479 arg1 plots 1481:1485 experimental plots 1468:1485 experimental plots that had been pre-exposed to a short-term drought 1468:1535 Furthermore, a metabolic response to drought appeared to condition (biologically and physically) the soil, notably through the production of polysaccharides, particularly in experimental plots that had been pre-exposed to a short-term drought. 27014243 4 15 from changes 362:368 arg1 distribution 389:400 microbial trait distribution 373:400 microbial trait distribution 373:400 Previous work has shown declining soil moisture to be a strong driver of changes in microbial trait distribution, however, the feedback of any shift in functional potential on ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling are poorly understood. 27014243 8 16 theme complex 1239:1245 arg1 compounds 1254:1262 more complex carbon compounds 1234:1262 more complex carbon compounds (e.g., cellulose and lignin) 1234:1291 We hypothesize that this microbial ecophysiological response to changing soil moisture elevates the intracellular carbon demand stimulating extracellular enzyme production, that prompts the observed decline in more complex carbon compounds (e.g., cellulose and lignin). 27014243 4 17 from driver 352:357 arg1 distribution 389:400 microbial trait distribution 373:400 microbial trait distribution 373:400 Previous work has shown declining soil moisture to be a strong driver of changes in microbial trait distribution, however, the feedback of any shift in functional potential on ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling are poorly understood. 27014243 5 18 theme carbon 707:712 arg1 composition 662:672 the composition 658:672 the composition of dissolved and soil-associated carbon 658:712 Here we show that drought-induced changes in microbial functional diversity and activity shape, and are in turn shaped by, the composition of dissolved and soil-associated carbon. 27014243 5 18 theme carbon 707:712 arg1 turn 642:645 turn 642:645 turn shaped by 642:655 Here we show that drought-induced changes in microbial functional diversity and activity shape, and are in turn shaped by, the composition of dissolved and soil-associated carbon. 27014243 7 19 theme metabolic 1004:1012 arg1 response 1014:1021 a microbial metabolic response 992:1021 a microbial metabolic response 992:1021 Under drought the composition of the dissolved organic carbon pool changed in a manner consistent with a microbial metabolic response. 27014243 4 20 from feedback 416:423 arg1 potential 452:460 functional potential 441:460 functional potential 441:460 Previous work has shown declining soil moisture to be a strong driver of changes in microbial trait distribution, however, the feedback of any shift in functional potential on ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling are poorly understood. 27014243 4 20 from feedback 416:423 arg1 properties 475:484 ecosystem properties 465:484 ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling 465:510 Previous work has shown declining soil moisture to be a strong driver of changes in microbial trait distribution, however, the feedback of any shift in functional potential on ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling are poorly understood. 27014243 10 21 from wet-up 1716:1721 arg1 plots 1734:1738 drought plots 1726:1738 drought plots relative to control plots 1726:1764 This hysteretic response, in addition to an observed drought-related decline in phosphorus concentration, may have been responsible for a comparatively modest CO2 efflux following wet-up in drought plots relative to control plots. 27014243 7 22 theme consistent 976:985 arg1 manner 969:974 a manner 967:974 a manner consistent with a microbial metabolic response 967:1021 Under drought the composition of the dissolved organic carbon pool changed in a manner consistent with a microbial metabolic response. 27014243 9 23 theme short-term 1518:1527 arg1 drought 1529:1535 a short-term drought 1516:1535 a short-term drought 1516:1535 Furthermore, a metabolic response to drought appeared to condition (biologically and physically) the soil, notably through the production of polysaccharides, particularly in experimental plots that had been pre-exposed to a short-term drought. 27014243 4 24 theme related 486:492 arg1 properties 475:484 ecosystem properties 465:484 ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling 465:510 Previous work has shown declining soil moisture to be a strong driver of changes in microbial trait distribution, however, the feedback of any shift in functional potential on ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling are poorly understood. 27014243 3 25 theme model 128:132 arg1 projections 134:144 Climate model projections 120:144 Climate model projections for tropical regions 120:165 Climate model projections for tropical regions show clear perturbation of precipitation patterns leading to increased frequency and severity of drought in some regions. 27014243 5 26 theme functional 590:599 arg1 diversity 601:609 microbial functional diversity 580:609 microbial functional diversity 580:609 Here we show that drought-induced changes in microbial functional diversity and activity shape, and are in turn shaped by, the composition of dissolved and soil-associated carbon. 27014243 4 27 theme carbon 497:502 arg1 cycling 504:510 carbon cycling 497:510 carbon cycling 497:510 Previous work has shown declining soil moisture to be a strong driver of changes in microbial trait distribution, however, the feedback of any shift in functional potential on ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling are poorly understood. 27014243 3 28 theme clear 172:176 arg1 perturbation 178:189 clear perturbation 172:189 clear perturbation of precipitation patterns leading to increased frequency and severity of drought in some regions 172:286 Climate model projections for tropical regions show clear perturbation of precipitation patterns leading to increased frequency and severity of drought in some regions. 27014243 7 29 theme carbon 944:949 arg1 pool 951:954 the dissolved organic carbon pool 922:954 the dissolved organic carbon pool 922:954 Under drought the composition of the dissolved organic carbon pool changed in a manner consistent with a microbial metabolic response. 27014243 5 30 from changes 569:575 arg1 diversity 601:609 microbial functional diversity 580:609 microbial functional diversity 580:609 Here we show that drought-induced changes in microbial functional diversity and activity shape, and are in turn shaped by, the composition of dissolved and soil-associated carbon. 27014243 5 30 from changes 569:575 arg1 activity 615:622 activity 615:622 activity 615:622 Here we show that drought-induced changes in microbial functional diversity and activity shape, and are in turn shaped by, the composition of dissolved and soil-associated carbon. 27014243 2 31 from Change 63:68 arg1 Function 83:90 Microbial Function 73:90 Microbial Function 73:90 Change in Microbial Function Impacts Carbon Composition. 27014243 5 32 theme drought-induced 553:567 arg1 changes 569:575 drought-induced changes 553:575 drought-induced changes in microbial functional diversity and activity 553:622 Here we show that drought-induced changes in microbial functional diversity and activity shape, and are in turn shaped by, the composition of dissolved and soil-associated carbon. 27014243 4 33 theme ecosystem 465:473 arg1 properties 475:484 ecosystem properties 465:484 ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling 465:510 Previous work has shown declining soil moisture to be a strong driver of changes in microbial trait distribution, however, the feedback of any shift in functional potential on ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling are poorly understood. 27014243 3 34 theme patterns 208:215 arg1 perturbation 178:189 clear perturbation 172:189 clear perturbation of precipitation patterns leading to increased frequency and severity of drought in some regions 172:286 Climate model projections for tropical regions show clear perturbation of precipitation patterns leading to increased frequency and severity of drought in some regions. 27014243 8 35 theme ecophysiological 1059:1074 arg1 response 1076:1083 this microbial ecophysiological response 1044:1083 this microbial ecophysiological response to changing soil moisture 1044:1109 We hypothesize that this microbial ecophysiological response to changing soil moisture elevates the intracellular carbon demand stimulating extracellular enzyme production, that prompts the observed decline in more complex carbon compounds (e.g., cellulose and lignin). 27014243 10 36 theme following 1706:1714 arg1 wet-up 1716:1721 a comparatively modest CO2 efflux following wet-up 1674:1721 a comparatively modest CO2 efflux following wet-up in drought plots relative to control plots 1674:1764 This hysteretic response, in addition to an observed drought-related decline in phosphorus concentration, may have been responsible for a comparatively modest CO2 efflux following wet-up in drought plots relative to control plots. 27014243 6 37 theme dioxide 855:861 arg1 efflux 840:843 the efflux 836:843 the efflux of carbon dioxide following soil rewetting 836:886 We also demonstrate that a shift in microbial functional traits that favor the production of hygroscopic compounds alter the efflux of carbon dioxide following soil rewetting. 27014243 10 38 theme CO2 1697:1699 arg1 wet-up 1716:1721 a comparatively modest CO2 efflux following wet-up 1674:1721 a comparatively modest CO2 efflux following wet-up in drought plots relative to control plots 1674:1764 This hysteretic response, in addition to an observed drought-related decline in phosphorus concentration, may have been responsible for a comparatively modest CO2 efflux following wet-up in drought plots relative to control plots. 27014243 8 39 theme soil 1097:1100 arg1 moisture 1102:1109 soil moisture 1097:1109 soil moisture 1097:1109 We hypothesize that this microbial ecophysiological response to changing soil moisture elevates the intracellular carbon demand stimulating extracellular enzyme production, that prompts the observed decline in more complex carbon compounds (e.g., cellulose and lignin). 27014243 10 40 theme hysteretic 1543:1552 arg1 response 1554:1561 This hysteretic response 1538:1561 This hysteretic response 1538:1561 This hysteretic response, in addition to an observed drought-related decline in phosphorus concentration, may have been responsible for a comparatively modest CO2 efflux following wet-up in drought plots relative to control plots. 27014243 0 41 theme Tropical 37:44 arg1 Soil 53:56 a Tropical Forest Soil 35:56 a Tropical Forest Soil 35:56 Belowground Response to Drought in a Tropical Forest Soil. 27014243 8 42 theme intracellular 1124:1136 arg1 demand 1145:1150 the intracellular carbon demand 1120:1150 the intracellular carbon demand stimulating extracellular enzyme production, that prompts the observed decline in more complex carbon compounds (e.g., cellulose and lignin) 1120:1291 We hypothesize that this microbial ecophysiological response to changing soil moisture elevates the intracellular carbon demand stimulating extracellular enzyme production, that prompts the observed decline in more complex carbon compounds (e.g., cellulose and lignin). 27014243 6 43 theme compounds 820:828 arg1 production 794:803 the production 790:803 the production of hygroscopic compounds 790:828 We also demonstrate that a shift in microbial functional traits that favor the production of hygroscopic compounds alter the efflux of carbon dioxide following soil rewetting. 27014243 4 44 theme soil 323:326 arg1 moisture 328:335 declining soil moisture 313:335 declining soil moisture 313:335 Previous work has shown declining soil moisture to be a strong driver of changes in microbial trait distribution, however, the feedback of any shift in functional potential on ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling are poorly understood. 27014243 6 45 from shift 742:746 arg1 traits 772:777 microbial functional traits 751:777 microbial functional traits that favor the production of hygroscopic compounds 751:828 We also demonstrate that a shift in microbial functional traits that favor the production of hygroscopic compounds alter the efflux of carbon dioxide following soil rewetting. 27014243 8 46 theme extracellular 1164:1176 arg1 production 1185:1194 extracellular enzyme production 1164:1194 extracellular enzyme production 1164:1194 We hypothesize that this microbial ecophysiological response to changing soil moisture elevates the intracellular carbon demand stimulating extracellular enzyme production, that prompts the observed decline in more complex carbon compounds (e.g., cellulose and lignin). 27014243 10 47 theme drought-related 1591:1605 arg1 decline 1607:1613 an observed drought-related decline 1579:1613 an observed drought-related decline in phosphorus concentration 1579:1641 This hysteretic response, in addition to an observed drought-related decline in phosphorus concentration, may have been responsible for a comparatively modest CO2 efflux following wet-up in drought plots relative to control plots. 27014243 6 48 theme soil 873:876 arg1 rewetting 878:886 soil rewetting 873:886 soil rewetting 873:886 We also demonstrate that a shift in microbial functional traits that favor the production of hygroscopic compounds alter the efflux of carbon dioxide following soil rewetting. 27014243 3 49 theme drought 264:270 arg1 severity 252:259 severity 252:259 severity 252:259 Climate model projections for tropical regions show clear perturbation of precipitation patterns leading to increased frequency and severity of drought in some regions. 27014243 3 49 theme drought 264:270 arg1 frequency 238:246 frequency 238:246 frequency 238:246 Climate model projections for tropical regions show clear perturbation of precipitation patterns leading to increased frequency and severity of drought in some regions. 27014243 4 50 theme changes 362:368 arg1 driver 352:357 a strong driver 343:357 a strong driver of changes in microbial trait distribution 343:400 Previous work has shown declining soil moisture to be a strong driver of changes in microbial trait distribution, however, the feedback of any shift in functional potential on ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling are poorly understood. 27014243 4 51 theme microbial 373:381 arg1 distribution 389:400 microbial trait distribution 373:400 microbial trait distribution 373:400 Previous work has shown declining soil moisture to be a strong driver of changes in microbial trait distribution, however, the feedback of any shift in functional potential on ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling are poorly understood. 27014243 5 52 theme dissolved 677:685 arg1 composition 662:672 the composition 658:672 the composition of dissolved and soil-associated carbon 658:712 Here we show that drought-induced changes in microbial functional diversity and activity shape, and are in turn shaped by, the composition of dissolved and soil-associated carbon. 27014243 5 52 theme dissolved 677:685 arg1 turn 642:645 turn 642:645 turn shaped by 642:655 Here we show that drought-induced changes in microbial functional diversity and activity shape, and are in turn shaped by, the composition of dissolved and soil-associated carbon. 27014243 6 53 theme microbial 751:759 arg1 traits 772:777 microbial functional traits 751:777 microbial functional traits that favor the production of hygroscopic compounds 751:828 We also demonstrate that a shift in microbial functional traits that favor the production of hygroscopic compounds alter the efflux of carbon dioxide following soil rewetting. 27014243 4 54 theme shift 432:436 arg1 feedback 416:423 the feedback 412:423 the feedback of any shift in functional potential on ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling 412:510 Previous work has shown declining soil moisture to be a strong driver of changes in microbial trait distribution, however, the feedback of any shift in functional potential on ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling are poorly understood. 27014243 5 55 theme soil-associated 691:705 arg1 carbon 707:712 soil-associated carbon 691:712 soil-associated carbon 691:712 Here we show that drought-induced changes in microbial functional diversity and activity shape, and are in turn shaped by, the composition of dissolved and soil-associated carbon. 27014243 4 56 theme functional 441:450 arg1 potential 452:460 functional potential 441:460 functional potential 441:460 Previous work has shown declining soil moisture to be a strong driver of changes in microbial trait distribution, however, the feedback of any shift in functional potential on ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling are poorly understood. 27014243 2 57 theme Microbial 73:81 arg1 Function 83:90 Microbial Function 73:90 Microbial Function 73:90 Change in Microbial Function Impacts Carbon Composition. 27014243 8 58 theme carbon 1247:1252 arg1 compounds 1254:1262 more complex carbon compounds 1234:1262 more complex carbon compounds (e.g., cellulose and lignin) 1234:1291 We hypothesize that this microbial ecophysiological response to changing soil moisture elevates the intracellular carbon demand stimulating extracellular enzyme production, that prompts the observed decline in more complex carbon compounds (e.g., cellulose and lignin). 27014243 7 59 theme microbial 994:1002 arg1 response 1014:1021 a microbial metabolic response 992:1021 a microbial metabolic response 992:1021 Under drought the composition of the dissolved organic carbon pool changed in a manner consistent with a microbial metabolic response. 27014243 7 60 with consistent 976:985 arg1 response 1014:1021 a microbial metabolic response 992:1021 a microbial metabolic response 992:1021 Under drought the composition of the dissolved organic carbon pool changed in a manner consistent with a microbial metabolic response. 27014243 3 61 theme Climate 120:126 arg1 projections 134:144 Climate model projections 120:144 Climate model projections for tropical regions 120:165 Climate model projections for tropical regions show clear perturbation of precipitation patterns leading to increased frequency and severity of drought in some regions. 27014243 9 62 theme metabolic 1309:1317 arg1 response 1319:1326 a metabolic response 1307:1326 a metabolic response to drought 1307:1337 Furthermore, a metabolic response to drought appeared to condition (biologically and physically) the soil, notably through the production of polysaccharides, particularly in experimental plots that had been pre-exposed to a short-term drought. 27014243 3 63 theme tropical 150:157 arg1 regions 159:165 tropical regions 150:165 tropical regions 150:165 Climate model projections for tropical regions show clear perturbation of precipitation patterns leading to increased frequency and severity of drought in some regions. 27014243 8 64 theme microbial 1049:1057 arg1 response 1076:1083 this microbial ecophysiological response 1044:1083 this microbial ecophysiological response to changing soil moisture 1044:1109 We hypothesize that this microbial ecophysiological response to changing soil moisture elevates the intracellular carbon demand stimulating extracellular enzyme production, that prompts the observed decline in more complex carbon compounds (e.g., cellulose and lignin). 27014243 7 65 theme pool 951:954 arg1 composition 907:917 the composition 903:917 the composition of the dissolved organic carbon pool 903:954 Under drought the composition of the dissolved organic carbon pool changed in a manner consistent with a microbial metabolic response. 27014243 4 66 theme Previous 289:296 arg1 work 298:301 Previous work 289:301 Previous work 289:301 Previous work has shown declining soil moisture to be a strong driver of changes in microbial trait distribution, however, the feedback of any shift in functional potential on ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling are poorly understood. 27014243 3 67 theme precipitation 194:206 arg1 patterns 208:215 precipitation patterns 194:215 precipitation patterns leading to increased frequency and severity of drought in some regions 194:286 Climate model projections for tropical regions show clear perturbation of precipitation patterns leading to increased frequency and severity of drought in some regions. 27014243 7 68 theme organic 936:942 arg1 pool 951:954 the dissolved organic carbon pool 922:954 the dissolved organic carbon pool 922:954 Under drought the composition of the dissolved organic carbon pool changed in a manner consistent with a microbial metabolic response. 27014243 8 69 dep cellulose 1271:1279 arg1 e.g. 1265:1268 e.g. 1265:1268 e.g. 1265:1268 We hypothesize that this microbial ecophysiological response to changing soil moisture elevates the intracellular carbon demand stimulating extracellular enzyme production, that prompts the observed decline in more complex carbon compounds (e.g., cellulose and lignin). 27014243 4 70 from shift 432:436 arg1 potential 452:460 functional potential 441:460 functional potential 441:460 Previous work has shown declining soil moisture to be a strong driver of changes in microbial trait distribution, however, the feedback of any shift in functional potential on ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling are poorly understood. 27014243 3 71 from severity 252:259 arg1 regions 280:286 some regions 275:286 some regions 275:286 Climate model projections for tropical regions show clear perturbation of precipitation patterns leading to increased frequency and severity of drought in some regions. 27014243 5 72 theme microbial 580:588 arg1 diversity 601:609 microbial functional diversity 580:609 microbial functional diversity 580:609 Here we show that drought-induced changes in microbial functional diversity and activity shape, and are in turn shaped by, the composition of dissolved and soil-associated carbon. 27014243 10 73 theme efflux 1701:1704 arg1 wet-up 1716:1721 a comparatively modest CO2 efflux following wet-up 1674:1721 a comparatively modest CO2 efflux following wet-up in drought plots relative to control plots 1674:1764 This hysteretic response, in addition to an observed drought-related decline in phosphorus concentration, may have been responsible for a comparatively modest CO2 efflux following wet-up in drought plots relative to control plots. 27014243 6 74 theme carbon 848:853 arg1 dioxide 855:861 carbon dioxide 848:861 carbon dioxide following soil rewetting 848:886 We also demonstrate that a shift in microbial functional traits that favor the production of hygroscopic compounds alter the efflux of carbon dioxide following soil rewetting. 27014243 10 75 theme modest 1690:1695 arg1 wet-up 1716:1721 a comparatively modest CO2 efflux following wet-up 1674:1721 a comparatively modest CO2 efflux following wet-up in drought plots relative to control plots 1674:1764 This hysteretic response, in addition to an observed drought-related decline in phosphorus concentration, may have been responsible for a comparatively modest CO2 efflux following wet-up in drought plots relative to control plots. 27014243 0 76 theme Forest 46:51 arg1 Soil 53:56 a Tropical Forest Soil 35:56 a Tropical Forest Soil 35:56 Belowground Response to Drought in a Tropical Forest Soil. 27014243 10 77 theme drought 1726:1732 arg1 plots 1734:1738 drought plots 1726:1738 drought plots relative to control plots 1726:1764 This hysteretic response, in addition to an observed drought-related decline in phosphorus concentration, may have been responsible for a comparatively modest CO2 efflux following wet-up in drought plots relative to control plots. 27014243 3 78 from frequency 238:246 arg1 regions 280:286 some regions 275:286 some regions 275:286 Climate model projections for tropical regions show clear perturbation of precipitation patterns leading to increased frequency and severity of drought in some regions. 27014243 8 79 theme carbon 1138:1143 arg1 demand 1145:1150 the intracellular carbon demand 1120:1150 the intracellular carbon demand stimulating extracellular enzyme production, that prompts the observed decline in more complex carbon compounds (e.g., cellulose and lignin) 1120:1291 We hypothesize that this microbial ecophysiological response to changing soil moisture elevates the intracellular carbon demand stimulating extracellular enzyme production, that prompts the observed decline in more complex carbon compounds (e.g., cellulose and lignin). 27014243 7 80 theme dissolved 926:934 arg1 pool 951:954 the dissolved organic carbon pool 922:954 the dissolved organic carbon pool 922:954 Under drought the composition of the dissolved organic carbon pool changed in a manner consistent with a microbial metabolic response. 27014243 4 81 theme strong 345:350 arg1 driver 352:357 a strong driver 343:357 a strong driver of changes in microbial trait distribution 343:400 Previous work has shown declining soil moisture to be a strong driver of changes in microbial trait distribution, however, the feedback of any shift in functional potential on ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling are poorly understood. 27014243 6 82 theme hygroscopic 808:818 arg1 compounds 820:828 hygroscopic compounds 808:828 hygroscopic compounds 808:828 We also demonstrate that a shift in microbial functional traits that favor the production of hygroscopic compounds alter the efflux of carbon dioxide following soil rewetting. 27014243 4 83 theme declining 313:321 arg1 moisture 328:335 declining soil moisture 313:335 declining soil moisture 313:335 Previous work has shown declining soil moisture to be a strong driver of changes in microbial trait distribution, however, the feedback of any shift in functional potential on ecosystem properties related to carbon cycling are poorly understood. 27014243 9 84 dep condition 1351:1359 arg1 and 1375:1377 and 1375:1377 and 1375:1377 Furthermore, a metabolic response to drought appeared to condition (biologically and physically) the soil, notably through the production of polysaccharides, particularly in experimental plots that had been pre-exposed to a short-term drought. 27014243 10 85 theme control 1752:1758 arg1 plots 1760:1764 control plots 1752:1764 control plots 1752:1764 This hysteretic response, in addition to an observed drought-related decline in phosphorus concentration, may have been responsible for a comparatively modest CO2 efflux following wet-up in drought plots relative to control plots. 26688727 0 0 theme pigs 28:31 arg1 microbiome 6:15 Fecal microbiome 0:15 Fecal microbiome of growing pigs 0:31 Fecal microbiome of growing pigs fed a cereal based diet including chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) or ribwort (Plantago lanceolata L.) forage. 26688727 9 1 theme digested 1688:1695 arg1 xylose 1707:1712 xylose 1707:1712 xylose 1707:1712 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 9 1 theme digested 1688:1695 arg1 amount 1697:1702 the digested amount 1684:1702 the digested amount of xylose 1684:1712 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 9 1 theme digested 1688:1695 arg1 Bacteroidales 1666:1678 Bacteroidales 1666:1678 Bacteroidales 1666:1678 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 2 2 dep air-dry 456:462 arg1 forage 464:469 forage 464:469 forage 464:469 The piglets were fed a cereal-based diet without (B) and with inclusion (80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage) of vegetative shoots of chicory (C) and leaves of ribwort (R) forage in a 35-day growth trial. 26688727 10 3 theme components 1913:1922 arg1 digestion 1883:1891 digestion 1883:1891 digestion of specific dietary components 1883:1922 CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that both chicory and ribwort inclusion in the diet of newly weaned pigs influenced the composition of the fecal microbiota and that digestion of specific dietary components was correlated with species composition of the microbiota. 26688727 3 4 theme Fecal 567:571 arg1 samples 573:579 Fecal samples 567:579 Fecal samples 567:579 Fecal samples were collected at the start (D0), 17 (D17) and 35 (D35) days after weaning and profiles of the microbial consortia were generated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). 26688727 6 5 dep abundant 1098:1105 arg1 whereas 1114:1120 whereas 1114:1120 whereas 1114:1120 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 10 6 theme specific 1896:1903 arg1 components 1913:1922 specific dietary components 1896:1922 specific dietary components 1896:1922 CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that both chicory and ribwort inclusion in the diet of newly weaned pigs influenced the composition of the fecal microbiota and that digestion of specific dietary components was correlated with species composition of the microbiota. 26688727 4 7 theme samples 892:898 arg1 subset 878:883 a subset 876:883 a subset of the samples already analyzed with T-RFLP 876:927 454-FLX pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was used to analyze the microbial composition in a subset of the samples already analyzed with T-RFLP. 26688727 6 8 from abundances 1227:1236 arg1 present 1209:1215 present 1209:1215 present 1209:1215 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 6 8 from abundances 1227:1236 arg1 Streptococcus 1133:1145 the genera Streptococcus 1122:1145 the genera Streptococcus 1122:1145 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 9 9 theme significant 1486:1496 arg1 correlations 1498:1509 significant correlations 1486:1509 significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose 1486:1712 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 11 10 theme microbial 2067:2075 arg1 structure 2087:2095 the microbial community structure 2063:2095 the microbial community structure 2063:2095 Moreover, this study showed that the gut will be exposed to a dramatic shift in the microbial community structure several weeks after weaning. 26688727 10 11 theme dietary 1905:1911 arg1 components 1913:1922 specific dietary components 1896:1922 specific dietary components 1896:1922 CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that both chicory and ribwort inclusion in the diet of newly weaned pigs influenced the composition of the fecal microbiota and that digestion of specific dietary components was correlated with species composition of the microbiota. 26688727 6 12 from D35 1241:1243 arg1 present 1209:1215 present 1209:1215 present 1209:1215 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 6 12 from D35 1241:1243 arg1 Streptococcus 1133:1145 the genera Streptococcus 1122:1145 the genera Streptococcus 1122:1145 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 1 13 theme study 173:177 arg1 purpose 157:163 The purpose 153:163 The purpose of this study 153:177 BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate how inclusion of chicory forage or ribwort forage in a cereal-based diet influenced the fecal microbial community (microbiome) in newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets. 26688727 2 14 theme vegetative 475:484 arg1 shoots 486:491 vegetative shoots 475:491 vegetative shoots 475:491 The piglets were fed a cereal-based diet without (B) and with inclusion (80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage) of vegetative shoots of chicory (C) and leaves of ribwort (R) forage in a 35-day growth trial. 26688727 10 15 theme microbiota 1971:1980 arg1 composition 1952:1962 species composition 1944:1962 species composition of the microbiota 1944:1980 CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that both chicory and ribwort inclusion in the diet of newly weaned pigs influenced the composition of the fecal microbiota and that digestion of specific dietary components was correlated with species composition of the microbiota. 26688727 2 16 theme 35-day 546:551 arg1 trial 560:564 a 35-day growth trial 544:564 a 35-day growth trial 544:564 The piglets were fed a cereal-based diet without (B) and with inclusion (80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage) of vegetative shoots of chicory (C) and leaves of ribwort (R) forage in a 35-day growth trial. 26688727 10 17 theme weaned 1811:1816 arg1 pigs 1818:1821 newly weaned pigs 1805:1821 newly weaned pigs 1805:1821 CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that both chicory and ribwort inclusion in the diet of newly weaned pigs influenced the composition of the fecal microbiota and that digestion of specific dietary components was correlated with species composition of the microbiota. 26688727 0 18 dep Plantago 110:117 arg1 L. 130:131 Plantago lanceolata L. 110:131 Plantago lanceolata L. 110:131 Fecal microbiome of growing pigs fed a cereal based diet including chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) or ribwort (Plantago lanceolata L.) forage. 26688727 9 19 theme Bacteroides 1536:1546 arg1 abundance 1523:1531 the abundance 1519:1531 the abundance of Bacteroides 1519:1546 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 9 20 theme non-starch 1609:1618 arg1 polysaccharides 1620:1634 total non-starch polysaccharides 1603:1634 total non-starch polysaccharides 1603:1634 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 5 21 theme pigs 1009:1012 arg1 age 998:1000 age 998:1000 age of the pigs 998:1012 RESULTS The microbial clustering pattern was primarily dependent on age of the pigs, but diet effects could also be observed. 26688727 7 22 contain had 1263:1265 arg2 abundance 1280:1288 an increased abundance 1267:1288 an increased abundance of sequences classified as Treponema 1267:1325 Pigs fed ribwort had an increased abundance of sequences classified as Treponema and a reduction in lactobacilli. 26688727 7 22 contain had 1263:1265 arg2 reduction 1333:1341 a reduction 1331:1341 a reduction in lactobacilli 1331:1357 Pigs fed ribwort had an increased abundance of sequences classified as Treponema and a reduction in lactobacilli. 26688727 7 22 contain had 1263:1265 arg1 Pigs 1246:1249 Pigs 1246:1249 Pigs fed ribwort 1246:1261 Pigs fed ribwort had an increased abundance of sequences classified as Treponema and a reduction in lactobacilli. 26688727 8 23 dep chicory 1435:1441 arg1 the 1431:1433 the 1431:1433 the 1431:1433 However, the abundance of Prevotellaceae increased with age in on both the chicory and the ribwort diet. 26688727 1 24 theme microbial 292:300 arg1 microbiome 313:322 microbiome 313:322 microbiome 313:322 BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate how inclusion of chicory forage or ribwort forage in a cereal-based diet influenced the fecal microbial community (microbiome) in newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets. 26688727 1 24 theme microbial 292:300 arg1 community 302:310 the fecal microbial community 282:310 the fecal microbial community (microbiome) in newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets 282:364 BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate how inclusion of chicory forage or ribwort forage in a cereal-based diet influenced the fecal microbial community (microbiome) in newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets. 26688727 5 25 dep dependent 985:993 arg1 pattern 963:969 The microbial clustering pattern 938:969 The microbial clustering pattern 938:969 RESULTS The microbial clustering pattern was primarily dependent on age of the pigs, but diet effects could also be observed. 26688727 5 25 dep dependent 985:993 arg1 dependent 985:993 dependent 985:993 dependent 985:993 RESULTS The microbial clustering pattern was primarily dependent on age of the pigs, but diet effects could also be observed. 26688727 5 25 dep dependent 985:993 arg1 RESULTS 930:936 RESULTS 930:936 RESULTS 930:936 RESULTS The microbial clustering pattern was primarily dependent on age of the pigs, but diet effects could also be observed. 26688727 3 26 theme 35 628:629 arg1 start 603:607 the start 599:607 the start (D0) 599:612 Fecal samples were collected at the start (D0), 17 (D17) and 35 (D35) days after weaning and profiles of the microbial consortia were generated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). 26688727 3 26 theme 35 628:629 arg1 days 637:640 17 (D17) and 35 (D35) days 615:640 17 (D17) and 35 (D35) days after weaning 615:654 Fecal samples were collected at the start (D0), 17 (D17) and 35 (D35) days after weaning and profiles of the microbial consortia were generated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). 26688727 9 27 theme galactose 1575:1583 arg1 acids 1593:1597 galactose, uronic acids 1575:1597 galactose, uronic acids 1575:1597 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 6 28 dep Clostridium 1159:1169 arg1 Treponema 1148:1156 Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus 1148:1202 Treponema 1148:1156 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 3 29 theme consortia 686:694 arg1 profiles 660:667 profiles 660:667 profiles of the microbial consortia 660:694 Fecal samples were collected at the start (D0), 17 (D17) and 35 (D35) days after weaning and profiles of the microbial consortia were generated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). 26688727 4 30 theme 454-FLX 777:783 arg1 pyrosequencing 785:798 454-FLX pyrosequencing 777:798 454-FLX pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons 777:825 454-FLX pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was used to analyze the microbial composition in a subset of the samples already analyzed with T-RFLP. 26688727 0 31 theme Fecal 0:4 arg1 microbiome 6:15 Fecal microbiome 0:15 Fecal microbiome of growing pigs 0:31 Fecal microbiome of growing pigs fed a cereal based diet including chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) or ribwort (Plantago lanceolata L.) forage. 26688727 3 32 theme fragment 738:745 arg1 T-RFLP 768:773 T-RFLP 768:773 T-RFLP 768:773 Fecal samples were collected at the start (D0), 17 (D17) and 35 (D35) days after weaning and profiles of the microbial consortia were generated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). 26688727 3 32 theme fragment 738:745 arg1 polymorphism 754:765 terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism 717:765 terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) 717:774 Fecal samples were collected at the start (D0), 17 (D17) and 35 (D35) days after weaning and profiles of the microbial consortia were generated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). 26688727 10 33 dep CONCLUSION 1715:1724 arg1 demonstrated 1737:1748 demonstrated 1737:1748 demonstrated that both chicory and ribwort inclusion in the diet of newly weaned pigs influenced the composition of the fecal microbiota and that digestion of specific dietary components was correlated with species composition of the microbiota 1737:1980 CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that both chicory and ribwort inclusion in the diet of newly weaned pigs influenced the composition of the fecal microbiota and that digestion of specific dietary components was correlated with species composition of the microbiota. 26688727 6 34 theme higher 1220:1225 arg1 abundances 1227:1236 higher abundances 1220:1236 higher abundances 1220:1236 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 2 35 dep trial 560:564 arg1 forage 534:539 forage 534:539 forage 534:539 The piglets were fed a cereal-based diet without (B) and with inclusion (80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage) of vegetative shoots of chicory (C) and leaves of ribwort (R) forage in a 35-day growth trial. 26688727 3 36 theme terminal 717:724 arg1 T-RFLP 768:773 T-RFLP 768:773 T-RFLP 768:773 Fecal samples were collected at the start (D0), 17 (D17) and 35 (D35) days after weaning and profiles of the microbial consortia were generated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). 26688727 3 36 theme terminal 717:724 arg1 polymorphism 754:765 terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism 717:765 terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) 717:774 Fecal samples were collected at the start (D0), 17 (D17) and 35 (D35) days after weaning and profiles of the microbial consortia were generated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). 26688727 4 37 theme rRNA 807:810 arg1 amplicons 817:825 16S rRNA gene amplicons 803:825 16S rRNA gene amplicons 803:825 454-FLX pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was used to analyze the microbial composition in a subset of the samples already analyzed with T-RFLP. 26688727 1 38 dep BACKGROUND 142:151 arg1 was 179:181 was 179:181 was to investigate how inclusion of chicory forage or ribwort forage in a cereal-based diet influenced the fecal microbial community (microbiome) in newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets 179:364 BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate how inclusion of chicory forage or ribwort forage in a cereal-based diet influenced the fecal microbial community (microbiome) in newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets. 26688727 1 39 from community 302:310 arg1 piglets 358:364 newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets 328:364 newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets 328:364 BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate how inclusion of chicory forage or ribwort forage in a cereal-based diet influenced the fecal microbial community (microbiome) in newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets. 26688727 5 40 theme microbial 942:950 arg1 pattern 963:969 The microbial clustering pattern 938:969 The microbial clustering pattern 938:969 RESULTS The microbial clustering pattern was primarily dependent on age of the pigs, but diet effects could also be observed. 26688727 5 40 theme microbial 942:950 arg1 dependent 985:993 dependent 985:993 dependent 985:993 RESULTS The microbial clustering pattern was primarily dependent on age of the pigs, but diet effects could also be observed. 26688727 5 40 theme microbial 942:950 arg1 RESULTS 930:936 RESULTS 930:936 RESULTS 930:936 RESULTS The microbial clustering pattern was primarily dependent on age of the pigs, but diet effects could also be observed. 26688727 4 41 theme 16S 803:805 arg1 rRNA 807:810 16S rRNA 803:810 16S rRNA gene amplicons 803:825 454-FLX pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was used to analyze the microbial composition in a subset of the samples already analyzed with T-RFLP. 26688727 6 42 located present 1209:1215 arg2 Coprococcus 1192:1202 Coprococcus 1192:1202 Coprococcus 1192:1202 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 6 42 located present 1209:1215 arg2 Streptococcus 1133:1145 the genera Streptococcus 1122:1145 the genera Streptococcus 1122:1145 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 6 42 located present 1209:1215 arg2 present 1209:1215 present 1209:1215 present 1209:1215 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 6 42 located present 1209:1215 arg1 abundances 1227:1236 higher abundances 1220:1236 higher abundances 1220:1236 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 6 42 located present 1209:1215 arg2 Clostridium 1159:1169 Clostridium 1159:1169 Clostridium 1159:1169 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 6 42 located present 1209:1215 arg1 D35 1241:1243 D35 1241:1243 D35 1241:1243 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 6 42 located present 1209:1215 arg2 Clostridiaceae1 1172:1186 Clostridiaceae1 1172:1186 Clostridiaceae1 1172:1186 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 4 43 theme amplicons 817:825 arg1 pyrosequencing 785:798 454-FLX pyrosequencing 777:798 454-FLX pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons 777:825 454-FLX pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was used to analyze the microbial composition in a subset of the samples already analyzed with T-RFLP. 26688727 0 44 theme based 46:50 arg1 diet 52:55 a cereal based diet 37:55 a cereal based diet including chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) or ribwort (Plantago lanceolata L.) 37:132 Fecal microbiome of growing pigs fed a cereal based diet including chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) or ribwort (Plantago lanceolata L.) forage. 26688727 6 45 from D0 1110:1111 arg1 abundant 1098:1105 abundant 1098:1105 abundant 1098:1105 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 10 46 theme microbiota 1863:1872 arg1 composition 1838:1848 the composition 1834:1848 the composition of the fecal microbiota 1834:1872 CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that both chicory and ribwort inclusion in the diet of newly weaned pigs influenced the composition of the fecal microbiota and that digestion of specific dietary components was correlated with species composition of the microbiota. 26688727 4 47 from composition 861:871 arg1 subset 878:883 a subset 876:883 a subset of the samples already analyzed with T-RFLP 876:927 454-FLX pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was used to analyze the microbial composition in a subset of the samples already analyzed with T-RFLP. 26688727 11 48 theme several 2097:2103 arg1 weeks 2105:2109 several weeks 2097:2109 several weeks 2097:2109 Moreover, this study showed that the gut will be exposed to a dramatic shift in the microbial community structure several weeks after weaning. 26688727 8 49 theme Prevotellaceae 1386:1399 arg1 abundance 1373:1381 the abundance 1369:1381 the abundance of Prevotellaceae 1369:1399 However, the abundance of Prevotellaceae increased with age in on both the chicory and the ribwort diet. 26688727 7 50 theme increased 1270:1278 arg1 abundance 1280:1288 an increased abundance 1267:1288 an increased abundance of sequences classified as Treponema 1267:1325 Pigs fed ribwort had an increased abundance of sequences classified as Treponema and a reduction in lactobacilli. 26688727 9 51 theme Bacteroidales 1666:1678 arg1 abundance 1653:1661 the abundance 1649:1661 the abundance of Bacteroidales 1649:1678 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 9 51 theme Bacteroidales 1666:1678 arg1 xylose 1707:1712 xylose 1707:1712 xylose 1707:1712 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 9 51 theme Bacteroidales 1666:1678 arg1 amount 1697:1702 the digested amount 1684:1702 the digested amount of xylose 1684:1712 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 9 51 theme Bacteroidales 1666:1678 arg1 Bacteroidales 1666:1678 Bacteroidales 1666:1678 Bacteroidales 1666:1678 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 5 52 theme clustering 952:961 arg1 pattern 963:969 The microbial clustering pattern 938:969 The microbial clustering pattern 938:969 RESULTS The microbial clustering pattern was primarily dependent on age of the pigs, but diet effects could also be observed. 26688727 5 52 theme clustering 952:961 arg1 dependent 985:993 dependent 985:993 dependent 985:993 RESULTS The microbial clustering pattern was primarily dependent on age of the pigs, but diet effects could also be observed. 26688727 5 52 theme clustering 952:961 arg1 RESULTS 930:936 RESULTS 930:936 RESULTS 930:936 RESULTS The microbial clustering pattern was primarily dependent on age of the pigs, but diet effects could also be observed. 26688727 2 53 theme chicory 496:502 arg1 B 417:417 B 417:417 B 417:417 The piglets were fed a cereal-based diet without (B) and with inclusion (80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage) of vegetative shoots of chicory (C) and leaves of ribwort (R) forage in a 35-day growth trial. 26688727 2 53 theme chicory 496:502 arg1 air-dry 456:462 80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage 440:469 80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage 440:469 The piglets were fed a cereal-based diet without (B) and with inclusion (80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage) of vegetative shoots of chicory (C) and leaves of ribwort (R) forage in a 35-day growth trial. 26688727 2 53 theme chicory 496:502 arg1 inclusion 429:437 inclusion 429:437 inclusion (80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage) of vegetative shoots of chicory (C) 429:506 The piglets were fed a cereal-based diet without (B) and with inclusion (80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage) of vegetative shoots of chicory (C) and leaves of ribwort (R) forage in a 35-day growth trial. 26688727 1 54 dep piglets 358:364 arg1 35 days 342:348 35 days 342:348 35 days of age 342:355 BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate how inclusion of chicory forage or ribwort forage in a cereal-based diet influenced the fecal microbial community (microbiome) in newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets. 26688727 11 55 dep weeks 2105:2109 arg1 weaning 2117:2123 weaning 2117:2123 weaning 2117:2123 Moreover, this study showed that the gut will be exposed to a dramatic shift in the microbial community structure several weeks after weaning. 26688727 1 56 theme chicory 215:221 arg1 inclusion 202:210 inclusion 202:210 inclusion of chicory forage or ribwort forage in a cereal-based diet 202:269 BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate how inclusion of chicory forage or ribwort forage in a cereal-based diet influenced the fecal microbial community (microbiome) in newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets. 26688727 2 57 theme shoots 486:491 arg1 B 417:417 B 417:417 B 417:417 The piglets were fed a cereal-based diet without (B) and with inclusion (80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage) of vegetative shoots of chicory (C) and leaves of ribwort (R) forage in a 35-day growth trial. 26688727 2 57 theme shoots 486:491 arg1 air-dry 456:462 80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage 440:469 80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage 440:469 The piglets were fed a cereal-based diet without (B) and with inclusion (80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage) of vegetative shoots of chicory (C) and leaves of ribwort (R) forage in a 35-day growth trial. 26688727 2 57 theme shoots 486:491 arg1 inclusion 429:437 inclusion 429:437 inclusion (80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage) of vegetative shoots of chicory (C) 429:506 The piglets were fed a cereal-based diet without (B) and with inclusion (80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage) of vegetative shoots of chicory (C) and leaves of ribwort (R) forage in a 35-day growth trial. 26688727 11 58 theme dramatic 2045:2052 arg1 shift 2054:2058 a dramatic shift 2043:2058 a dramatic shift in the microbial community structure 2043:2095 Moreover, this study showed that the gut will be exposed to a dramatic shift in the microbial community structure several weeks after weaning. 26688727 7 59 from reduction 1333:1341 arg1 lactobacilli 1346:1357 lactobacilli 1346:1357 lactobacilli 1346:1357 Pigs fed ribwort had an increased abundance of sequences classified as Treponema and a reduction in lactobacilli. 26688727 9 60 theme xylose 1707:1712 arg1 abundance 1653:1661 the abundance 1649:1661 the abundance of Bacteroidales 1649:1678 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 9 60 theme xylose 1707:1712 arg1 xylose 1707:1712 xylose 1707:1712 xylose 1707:1712 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 9 60 theme xylose 1707:1712 arg1 amount 1697:1702 the digested amount 1684:1702 the digested amount of xylose 1684:1712 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 9 60 theme xylose 1707:1712 arg1 Bacteroidales 1666:1678 Bacteroidales 1666:1678 Bacteroidales 1666:1678 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 11 61 theme community 2077:2085 arg1 structure 2087:2095 the microbial community structure 2063:2095 the microbial community structure 2063:2095 Moreover, this study showed that the gut will be exposed to a dramatic shift in the microbial community structure several weeks after weaning. 26688727 10 62 theme chicory 1760:1766 arg1 inclusion 1780:1788 both chicory and ribwort inclusion 1755:1788 both chicory and ribwort inclusion in the diet of newly weaned pigs 1755:1821 CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that both chicory and ribwort inclusion in the diet of newly weaned pigs influenced the composition of the fecal microbiota and that digestion of specific dietary components was correlated with species composition of the microbiota. 26688727 6 63 theme genera 1126:1131 arg1 present 1209:1215 present 1209:1215 present 1209:1215 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 6 63 theme genera 1126:1131 arg1 Streptococcus 1133:1145 the genera Streptococcus 1122:1145 the genera Streptococcus 1122:1145 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 6 63 theme genera 1126:1131 arg1 Clostridiaceae1 1172:1186 Clostridiaceae1 1172:1186 Clostridiaceae1 1172:1186 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 6 63 theme genera 1126:1131 arg1 Coprococcus 1192:1202 Coprococcus 1192:1202 Coprococcus 1192:1202 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 6 63 theme genera 1126:1131 arg1 Clostridium 1159:1169 Clostridium 1159:1169 Clostridium 1159:1169 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 1 64 theme weaned 334:339 arg1 piglets 358:364 newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets 328:364 newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets 328:364 BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate how inclusion of chicory forage or ribwort forage in a cereal-based diet influenced the fecal microbial community (microbiome) in newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets. 26688727 6 65 attach present 1209:1215 arg1 abundances 1227:1236 higher abundances 1220:1236 higher abundances 1220:1236 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 6 65 attach present 1209:1215 arg2 Streptococcus 1133:1145 the genera Streptococcus 1122:1145 the genera Streptococcus 1122:1145 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 6 65 attach present 1209:1215 arg2 present 1209:1215 present 1209:1215 present 1209:1215 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 6 65 attach present 1209:1215 arg2 Coprococcus 1192:1202 Coprococcus 1192:1202 Coprococcus 1192:1202 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 6 65 attach present 1209:1215 arg2 Clostridium 1159:1169 Clostridium 1159:1169 Clostridium 1159:1169 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 6 65 attach present 1209:1215 arg1 D35 1241:1243 D35 1241:1243 D35 1241:1243 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 6 65 attach present 1209:1215 arg2 Clostridiaceae1 1172:1186 Clostridiaceae1 1172:1186 Clostridiaceae1 1172:1186 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 9 66 dep galactose 1575:1583 arg1 uronic 1586:1591 uronic 1586:1591 uronic 1586:1591 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 7 67 from abundance 1280:1288 arg1 lactobacilli 1346:1357 lactobacilli 1346:1357 lactobacilli 1346:1357 Pigs fed ribwort had an increased abundance of sequences classified as Treponema and a reduction in lactobacilli. 26688727 1 68 dep chicory 215:221 arg1 forage 241:246 forage 241:246 forage in a cereal-based diet 241:269 BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate how inclusion of chicory forage or ribwort forage in a cereal-based diet influenced the fecal microbial community (microbiome) in newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets. 26688727 1 68 dep chicory 215:221 arg1 forage 223:228 forage 223:228 forage 223:228 BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate how inclusion of chicory forage or ribwort forage in a cereal-based diet influenced the fecal microbial community (microbiome) in newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets. 26688727 2 69 theme growth 553:558 arg1 trial 560:564 a 35-day growth trial 544:564 a 35-day growth trial 544:564 The piglets were fed a cereal-based diet without (B) and with inclusion (80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage) of vegetative shoots of chicory (C) and leaves of ribwort (R) forage in a 35-day growth trial. 26688727 10 70 theme ribwort 1772:1778 arg1 inclusion 1780:1788 both chicory and ribwort inclusion 1755:1788 both chicory and ribwort inclusion in the diet of newly weaned pigs 1755:1821 CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that both chicory and ribwort inclusion in the diet of newly weaned pigs influenced the composition of the fecal microbiota and that digestion of specific dietary components was correlated with species composition of the microbiota. 26688727 1 71 theme age 353:355 arg1 35 days 342:348 35 days 342:348 35 days of age 342:355 BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate how inclusion of chicory forage or ribwort forage in a cereal-based diet influenced the fecal microbial community (microbiome) in newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets. 26688727 10 72 theme species 1944:1950 arg1 composition 1952:1962 species composition 1944:1962 species composition of the microbiota 1944:1980 CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that both chicory and ribwort inclusion in the diet of newly weaned pigs influenced the composition of the fecal microbiota and that digestion of specific dietary components was correlated with species composition of the microbiota. 26688727 6 73 from present 1209:1215 arg1 abundances 1227:1236 higher abundances 1220:1236 higher abundances 1220:1236 Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. 26688727 11 74 from shift 2054:2058 arg1 structure 2087:2095 the microbial community structure 2063:2095 the microbial community structure 2063:2095 Moreover, this study showed that the gut will be exposed to a dramatic shift in the microbial community structure several weeks after weaning. 26688727 3 75 theme D17 619:621 arg1 start 603:607 the start 599:607 the start (D0) 599:612 Fecal samples were collected at the start (D0), 17 (D17) and 35 (D35) days after weaning and profiles of the microbial consortia were generated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). 26688727 3 75 theme D17 619:621 arg1 days 637:640 17 (D17) and 35 (D35) days 615:640 17 (D17) and 35 (D35) days after weaning 615:654 Fecal samples were collected at the start (D0), 17 (D17) and 35 (D35) days after weaning and profiles of the microbial consortia were generated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). 26688727 1 76 theme fecal 286:290 arg1 microbiome 313:322 microbiome 313:322 microbiome 313:322 BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate how inclusion of chicory forage or ribwort forage in a cereal-based diet influenced the fecal microbial community (microbiome) in newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets. 26688727 1 76 theme fecal 286:290 arg1 community 302:310 the fecal microbial community 282:310 the fecal microbial community (microbiome) in newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets 282:364 BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate how inclusion of chicory forage or ribwort forage in a cereal-based diet influenced the fecal microbial community (microbiome) in newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets. 26688727 3 77 theme microbial 676:684 arg1 consortia 686:694 the microbial consortia 672:694 the microbial consortia 672:694 Fecal samples were collected at the start (D0), 17 (D17) and 35 (D35) days after weaning and profiles of the microbial consortia were generated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). 26688727 9 78 theme digested 1556:1563 arg1 polysaccharides 1620:1634 total non-starch polysaccharides 1603:1634 total non-starch polysaccharides 1603:1634 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 9 78 theme digested 1556:1563 arg1 acids 1593:1597 galactose, uronic acids 1575:1597 galactose, uronic acids 1575:1597 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 9 78 theme digested 1556:1563 arg1 amount 1565:1570 the digested amount 1552:1570 the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides 1552:1634 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 4 79 used used 831:834 arg2 pyrosequencing 785:798 454-FLX pyrosequencing 777:798 454-FLX pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons 777:825 454-FLX pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was used to analyze the microbial composition in a subset of the samples already analyzed with T-RFLP. 26688727 10 80 theme pigs 1818:1821 arg1 diet 1797:1800 the diet 1793:1800 the diet of newly weaned pigs 1793:1821 CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that both chicory and ribwort inclusion in the diet of newly weaned pigs influenced the composition of the fecal microbiota and that digestion of specific dietary components was correlated with species composition of the microbiota. 26688727 10 81 from inclusion 1780:1788 arg1 diet 1797:1800 the diet 1793:1800 the diet of newly weaned pigs 1793:1821 CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that both chicory and ribwort inclusion in the diet of newly weaned pigs influenced the composition of the fecal microbiota and that digestion of specific dietary components was correlated with species composition of the microbiota. 26688727 0 82 dep Cichorium 76:84 arg1 L. 94:95 Cichorium intybus L. 76:95 Cichorium intybus L. 76:95 Fecal microbiome of growing pigs fed a cereal based diet including chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) or ribwort (Plantago lanceolata L.) forage. 26688727 2 83 theme cereal-based 390:401 arg1 diet 403:406 a cereal-based diet 388:406 a cereal-based diet without (B) and with inclusion (80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage) of vegetative shoots of chicory (C) 388:506 The piglets were fed a cereal-based diet without (B) and with inclusion (80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage) of vegetative shoots of chicory (C) and leaves of ribwort (R) forage in a 35-day growth trial. 26688727 9 84 theme acids 1593:1597 arg1 polysaccharides 1620:1634 total non-starch polysaccharides 1603:1634 total non-starch polysaccharides 1603:1634 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 9 84 theme acids 1593:1597 arg1 acids 1593:1597 galactose, uronic acids 1575:1597 galactose, uronic acids 1575:1597 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 9 84 theme acids 1593:1597 arg1 amount 1565:1570 the digested amount 1552:1570 the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides 1552:1634 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 0 85 theme growing 20:26 arg1 pigs 28:31 growing pigs 20:31 growing pigs 20:31 Fecal microbiome of growing pigs fed a cereal based diet including chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) or ribwort (Plantago lanceolata L.) forage. 26688727 3 86 theme length 747:752 arg1 T-RFLP 768:773 T-RFLP 768:773 T-RFLP 768:773 Fecal samples were collected at the start (D0), 17 (D17) and 35 (D35) days after weaning and profiles of the microbial consortia were generated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). 26688727 3 86 theme length 747:752 arg1 polymorphism 754:765 terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism 717:765 terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) 717:774 Fecal samples were collected at the start (D0), 17 (D17) and 35 (D35) days after weaning and profiles of the microbial consortia were generated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). 26688727 9 87 theme total 1603:1607 arg1 polysaccharides 1620:1634 total non-starch polysaccharides 1603:1634 total non-starch polysaccharides 1603:1634 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 3 88 theme restriction 726:736 arg1 T-RFLP 768:773 T-RFLP 768:773 T-RFLP 768:773 Fecal samples were collected at the start (D0), 17 (D17) and 35 (D35) days after weaning and profiles of the microbial consortia were generated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). 26688727 3 88 theme restriction 726:736 arg1 polymorphism 754:765 terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism 717:765 terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) 717:774 Fecal samples were collected at the start (D0), 17 (D17) and 35 (D35) days after weaning and profiles of the microbial consortia were generated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). 26688727 9 89 theme polysaccharides 1620:1634 arg1 polysaccharides 1620:1634 total non-starch polysaccharides 1603:1634 total non-starch polysaccharides 1603:1634 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 9 89 theme polysaccharides 1620:1634 arg1 acids 1593:1597 galactose, uronic acids 1575:1597 galactose, uronic acids 1575:1597 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 9 89 theme polysaccharides 1620:1634 arg1 amount 1565:1570 the digested amount 1552:1570 the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides 1552:1634 Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. 26688727 0 90 theme cereal 39:44 arg1 diet 52:55 a cereal based diet 37:55 a cereal based diet including chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) or ribwort (Plantago lanceolata L.) 37:132 Fecal microbiome of growing pigs fed a cereal based diet including chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) or ribwort (Plantago lanceolata L.) forage. 26688727 1 91 theme cereal-based 253:264 arg1 diet 266:269 a cereal-based diet 251:269 a cereal-based diet 251:269 BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate how inclusion of chicory forage or ribwort forage in a cereal-based diet influenced the fecal microbial community (microbiome) in newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets. 26688727 0 92 dep fed 33:35 arg1 forage 134:139 forage 134:139 fed a cereal based diet including chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) or ribwort (Plantago lanceolata L.) forage 33:139 Fecal microbiome of growing pigs fed a cereal based diet including chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) or ribwort (Plantago lanceolata L.) forage. 26688727 4 93 theme gene 812:815 arg1 amplicons 817:825 16S rRNA gene amplicons 803:825 16S rRNA gene amplicons 803:825 454-FLX pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was used to analyze the microbial composition in a subset of the samples already analyzed with T-RFLP. 26688727 10 94 theme fecal 1857:1861 arg1 microbiota 1863:1872 the fecal microbiota 1853:1872 the fecal microbiota 1853:1872 CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that both chicory and ribwort inclusion in the diet of newly weaned pigs influenced the composition of the fecal microbiota and that digestion of specific dietary components was correlated with species composition of the microbiota. 26688727 8 95 theme ribwort 1451:1457 arg1 diet 1459:1462 the ribwort diet 1447:1462 the ribwort diet 1447:1462 However, the abundance of Prevotellaceae increased with age in on both the chicory and the ribwort diet. 26688727 5 96 theme diet 1019:1022 arg1 effects 1024:1030 diet effects 1019:1030 diet effects 1019:1030 RESULTS The microbial clustering pattern was primarily dependent on age of the pigs, but diet effects could also be observed. 26688727 7 97 theme sequences 1293:1301 arg1 reduction 1333:1341 a reduction 1331:1341 a reduction in lactobacilli 1331:1357 Pigs fed ribwort had an increased abundance of sequences classified as Treponema and a reduction in lactobacilli. 26688727 7 97 theme sequences 1293:1301 arg1 abundance 1280:1288 an increased abundance 1267:1288 an increased abundance of sequences classified as Treponema 1267:1325 Pigs fed ribwort had an increased abundance of sequences classified as Treponema and a reduction in lactobacilli. 26688727 4 98 theme microbial 851:859 arg1 composition 861:871 the microbial composition 847:871 the microbial composition in a subset of the samples already analyzed with T-RFLP 847:927 454-FLX pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was used to analyze the microbial composition in a subset of the samples already analyzed with T-RFLP. 27252680 7 0 theme vinculin 1143:1150 arg1 networks 1152:1159 microfilament, microtubule, and vinculin networks 1111:1159 networks 1152:1159 The expression levels of actin and tubulin were unaffected by OGT knockdown but siOGT seemed to disorganize microfilament, microtubule, and vinculin networks in CCD841CoN. 27252680 8 1 theme cancer 1181:1186 arg1 lines 1193:1197 cancer cell lines 1181:1197 cancer cell lines 1181:1197 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 8 2 theme biological 1464:1473 arg1 properties 1475:1484 the biological properties 1460:1484 the biological properties of cancer cell lines 1460:1505 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 1 3 theme post-translational 148:165 arg1 modification 167:178 The post-translational modification 144:178 The post-translational modification of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 144:235 The post-translational modification of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is regulated by a unique couple of enzymes. 27252680 7 4 theme expression 1007:1016 arg1 levels 1018:1023 The expression levels 1003:1023 The expression levels of actin and tubulin 1003:1044 The expression levels of actin and tubulin were unaffected by OGT knockdown but siOGT seemed to disorganize microfilament, microtubule, and vinculin networks in CCD841CoN. 27252680 5 5 theme cell 822:825 arg1 lines 827:831 cancer cell lines 815:831 cancer cell lines 815:831 Herein, we report that OGT silencing diminished proliferation, in vitro cell survival and adhesion of primary and cancer cell lines. 27252680 5 6 theme lines 827:831 arg1 adhesion 791:798 adhesion 791:798 adhesion 791:798 Herein, we report that OGT silencing diminished proliferation, in vitro cell survival and adhesion of primary and cancer cell lines. 27252680 5 6 theme lines 827:831 arg1 survival 778:785 in vitro cell survival 764:785 in vitro cell survival 764:785 Herein, we report that OGT silencing diminished proliferation, in vitro cell survival and adhesion of primary and cancer cell lines. 27252680 5 6 theme lines 827:831 arg1 proliferation 749:761 proliferation 749:761 proliferation 749:761 Herein, we report that OGT silencing diminished proliferation, in vitro cell survival and adhesion of primary and cancer cell lines. 27252680 6 7 theme migration 934:942 arg1 capabilities 918:929 high capabilities 913:929 high capabilities of migration in Boyden chamber system 913:967 SiOGT dramatically decreased HT29 and CCD841CoN migration, CCD841CoN harboring high capabilities of migration in Boyden chamber system when compared to HT29 and HCT116. 27252680 0 8 theme Cancer 103:108 arg1 Adhesion 76:83 Adhesion 76:83 Adhesion 76:83 Silencing the Nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAc Transferase Reduces Proliferation, Adhesion, and Migration of Cancer and Fetal Human Colon Cell Lines. 27252680 0 8 theme Cancer 103:108 arg1 Migration 90:98 Migration 90:98 Migration 90:98 Silencing the Nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAc Transferase Reduces Proliferation, Adhesion, and Migration of Cancer and Fetal Human Colon Cell Lines. 27252680 0 8 theme Cancer 103:108 arg1 Proliferation 61:73 Proliferation 61:73 Proliferation 61:73 Silencing the Nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAc Transferase Reduces Proliferation, Adhesion, and Migration of Cancer and Fetal Human Colon Cell Lines. 27252680 8 9 theme cancer 1489:1494 arg1 lines 1501:1505 cancer cell lines 1489:1505 cancer cell lines 1489:1505 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 7 10 theme tubulin 1038:1044 arg1 levels 1018:1023 The expression levels 1003:1023 The expression levels of actin and tubulin 1003:1044 The expression levels of actin and tubulin were unaffected by OGT knockdown but siOGT seemed to disorganize microfilament, microtubule, and vinculin networks in CCD841CoN. 27252680 5 11 theme cancer 815:820 arg1 lines 827:831 cancer cell lines 815:831 cancer cell lines 815:831 Herein, we report that OGT silencing diminished proliferation, in vitro cell survival and adhesion of primary and cancer cell lines. 27252680 8 12 with agreement 1307:1315 arg1 consumption 1335:1345 their higher consumption 1322:1345 their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine 1322:1390 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 4 13 theme colon 674:678 arg1 line 685:688 the primary colon cell line 662:688 the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN 662:698 In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. 27252680 7 14 from microtubule 1126:1136 arg1 CCD841CoN 1164:1172 CCD841CoN 1164:1172 CCD841CoN 1164:1172 The expression levels of actin and tubulin were unaffected by OGT knockdown but siOGT seemed to disorganize microfilament, microtubule, and vinculin networks in CCD841CoN. 27252680 2 15 from UDP-GlcNAc 342:351 arg1 residue 329:335 the GlcNAc residue 318:335 the GlcNAc residue from UDP-GlcNAc, the final product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) 318:415 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) transfers the GlcNAc residue from UDP-GlcNAc, the final product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes it. 27252680 4 16 dep lines 636:640 arg1 lines 636:640 the colon cancer cell lines 614:640 the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 614:656 In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. 27252680 4 16 dep lines 636:640 arg1 HCT116 651:656 HCT116 651:656 HCT116 651:656 In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. 27252680 4 16 dep lines 636:640 arg1 HT29 642:645 HT29 642:645 HT29 642:645 In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. 27252680 2 17 dep transfers 308:316 arg1 whereas 418:424 whereas 418:424 whereas 418:424 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) transfers the GlcNAc residue from UDP-GlcNAc, the final product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes it. 27252680 0 18 theme Fetal 114:118 arg1 Lines 137:141 Fetal Human Colon Cell Lines 114:141 Fetal Human Colon Cell Lines 114:141 Silencing the Nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAc Transferase Reduces Proliferation, Adhesion, and Migration of Cancer and Fetal Human Colon Cell Lines. 27252680 8 19 theme OGT 1223:1225 arg1 levels 1213:1218 higher levels 1206:1218 higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation 1206:1245 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 7 20 theme actin 1028:1032 arg1 levels 1018:1023 The expression levels 1003:1023 The expression levels of actin and tubulin 1003:1044 The expression levels of actin and tubulin were unaffected by OGT knockdown but siOGT seemed to disorganize microfilament, microtubule, and vinculin networks in CCD841CoN. 27252680 2 21 theme O-GlcNAc 281:288 arg1 transferase 290:300 O-GlcNAc transferase 281:300 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) 281:306 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) transfers the GlcNAc residue from UDP-GlcNAc, the final product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes it. 27252680 2 21 theme O-GlcNAc 281:288 arg1 OGT 303:305 OGT 303:305 OGT 303:305 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) transfers the GlcNAc residue from UDP-GlcNAc, the final product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes it. 27252680 8 22 theme cell 1188:1191 arg1 lines 1193:1197 cancer cell lines 1181:1197 cancer cell lines 1181:1197 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 2 23 theme biosynthetic 390:401 arg1 HBP 412:414 HBP 412:414 HBP 412:414 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) transfers the GlcNAc residue from UDP-GlcNAc, the final product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes it. 27252680 2 23 theme biosynthetic 390:401 arg1 pathway 403:409 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 375:409 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) 375:415 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) transfers the GlcNAc residue from UDP-GlcNAc, the final product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes it. 27252680 1 24 theme enzymes 272:278 arg1 unique 255:260 unique 255:260 unique 255:260 The post-translational modification of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is regulated by a unique couple of enzymes. 27252680 1 25 link O-linked 195:202 arg1 O-GlcNAc 227:234 O-GlcNAc 227:234 O-GlcNAc 227:234 The post-translational modification of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is regulated by a unique couple of enzymes. 27252680 1 25 link O-linked 195:202 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 204:224 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 195:224 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 195:235 The post-translational modification of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is regulated by a unique couple of enzymes. 27252680 3 26 theme O-GlcNAcylation 496:510 arg1 levels 512:517 OGT and O-GlcNAcylation levels 488:517 OGT and O-GlcNAcylation levels 488:517 This study and others show that OGT and O-GlcNAcylation levels are increased in cancer cell lines. 27252680 2 27 theme hexosamine 379:388 arg1 HBP 412:414 HBP 412:414 HBP 412:414 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) transfers the GlcNAc residue from UDP-GlcNAc, the final product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes it. 27252680 2 27 theme hexosamine 379:388 arg1 pathway 403:409 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 375:409 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) 375:415 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) transfers the GlcNAc residue from UDP-GlcNAc, the final product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes it. 27252680 3 28 theme OGT 488:490 arg1 levels 512:517 OGT and O-GlcNAcylation levels 488:517 OGT and O-GlcNAcylation levels 488:517 This study and others show that OGT and O-GlcNAcylation levels are increased in cancer cell lines. 27252680 4 29 theme silencing 601:609 arg1 effect 587:592 the effect 583:592 the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN 583:698 In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. 27252680 3 30 theme cancer 536:541 arg1 lines 548:552 cancer cell lines 536:552 cancer cell lines 536:552 This study and others show that OGT and O-GlcNAcylation levels are increased in cancer cell lines. 27252680 4 31 theme colon 618:622 arg1 lines 636:640 the colon cancer cell lines 614:640 the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 614:656 In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. 27252680 4 31 theme colon 618:622 arg1 HCT116 651:656 HCT116 651:656 HCT116 651:656 In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. 27252680 4 31 theme colon 618:622 arg1 HT29 642:645 HT29 642:645 HT29 642:645 In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. 27252680 7 32 theme microfilament 1111:1123 arg1 microtubule 1126:1136 microfilament, microtubule, and vinculin networks 1111:1159 microtubule 1126:1136 The expression levels of actin and tubulin were unaffected by OGT knockdown but siOGT seemed to disorganize microfilament, microtubule, and vinculin networks in CCD841CoN. 27252680 6 33 theme high 913:916 arg1 capabilities 918:929 high capabilities 913:929 high capabilities of migration in Boyden chamber system 913:967 SiOGT dramatically decreased HT29 and CCD841CoN migration, CCD841CoN harboring high capabilities of migration in Boyden chamber system when compared to HT29 and HCT116. 27252680 3 34 theme cell 543:546 arg1 lines 548:552 cancer cell lines 536:552 cancer cell lines 536:552 This study and others show that OGT and O-GlcNAcylation levels are increased in cancer cell lines. 27252680 1 35 theme O-linked 195:202 arg1 O-GlcNAc 227:234 O-GlcNAc 227:234 O-GlcNAc 227:234 The post-translational modification of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is regulated by a unique couple of enzymes. 27252680 1 35 theme O-linked 195:202 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 204:224 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 195:224 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 195:235 The post-translational modification of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is regulated by a unique couple of enzymes. 27252680 0 36 theme O-GlcNAc 32:39 arg1 Transferase 41:51 the Nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAc Transferase 10:51 the Nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAc Transferase 10:51 Silencing the Nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAc Transferase Reduces Proliferation, Adhesion, and Migration of Cancer and Fetal Human Colon Cell Lines. 27252680 4 37 theme primary 666:672 arg1 line 685:688 the primary colon cell line 662:688 the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN 662:698 In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. 27252680 0 38 theme Colon 126:130 arg1 Lines 137:141 Fetal Human Colon Cell Lines 114:141 Fetal Human Colon Cell Lines 114:141 Silencing the Nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAc Transferase Reduces Proliferation, Adhesion, and Migration of Cancer and Fetal Human Colon Cell Lines. 27252680 5 39 theme in 764:765 arg1 survival 778:785 in vitro cell survival 764:785 in vitro cell survival 764:785 Herein, we report that OGT silencing diminished proliferation, in vitro cell survival and adhesion of primary and cancer cell lines. 27252680 0 40 theme Nucleocytoplasmic 14:30 arg1 Transferase 41:51 the Nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAc Transferase 10:51 the Nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAc Transferase 10:51 Silencing the Nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAc Transferase Reduces Proliferation, Adhesion, and Migration of Cancer and Fetal Human Colon Cell Lines. 27252680 8 41 theme lines 1501:1505 arg1 properties 1475:1484 the biological properties 1460:1484 the biological properties of cancer cell lines 1460:1505 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 0 42 theme Human 120:124 arg1 Lines 137:141 Fetal Human Colon Cell Lines 114:141 Fetal Human Colon Cell Lines 114:141 Silencing the Nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAc Transferase Reduces Proliferation, Adhesion, and Migration of Cancer and Fetal Human Colon Cell Lines. 27252680 4 43 theme cell 680:683 arg1 line 685:688 the primary colon cell line 662:688 the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN 662:698 In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. 27252680 4 44 from effect 587:592 arg1 lines 636:640 the colon cancer cell lines 614:640 the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 614:656 In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. 27252680 4 44 from effect 587:592 arg1 HCT116 651:656 HCT116 651:656 HCT116 651:656 In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. 27252680 4 44 from effect 587:592 arg1 line 685:688 the primary colon cell line 662:688 the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN 662:698 In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. 27252680 4 44 from effect 587:592 arg1 HT29 642:645 HT29 642:645 HT29 642:645 In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. 27252680 8 45 theme cell 1496:1499 arg1 lines 1501:1505 cancer cell lines 1489:1505 cancer cell lines 1489:1505 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 0 46 theme Lines 137:141 arg1 Adhesion 76:83 Adhesion 76:83 Adhesion 76:83 Silencing the Nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAc Transferase Reduces Proliferation, Adhesion, and Migration of Cancer and Fetal Human Colon Cell Lines. 27252680 0 46 theme Lines 137:141 arg1 Migration 90:98 Migration 90:98 Migration 90:98 Silencing the Nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAc Transferase Reduces Proliferation, Adhesion, and Migration of Cancer and Fetal Human Colon Cell Lines. 27252680 0 46 theme Lines 137:141 arg1 Proliferation 61:73 Proliferation 61:73 Proliferation 61:73 Silencing the Nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAc Transferase Reduces Proliferation, Adhesion, and Migration of Cancer and Fetal Human Colon Cell Lines. 27252680 5 47 theme cell 773:776 arg1 survival 778:785 in vitro cell survival 764:785 in vitro cell survival 764:785 Herein, we report that OGT silencing diminished proliferation, in vitro cell survival and adhesion of primary and cancer cell lines. 27252680 5 48 theme primary 803:809 arg1 adhesion 791:798 adhesion 791:798 adhesion 791:798 Herein, we report that OGT silencing diminished proliferation, in vitro cell survival and adhesion of primary and cancer cell lines. 27252680 5 48 theme primary 803:809 arg1 survival 778:785 in vitro cell survival 764:785 in vitro cell survival 764:785 Herein, we report that OGT silencing diminished proliferation, in vitro cell survival and adhesion of primary and cancer cell lines. 27252680 5 48 theme primary 803:809 arg1 proliferation 749:761 proliferation 749:761 proliferation 749:761 Herein, we report that OGT silencing diminished proliferation, in vitro cell survival and adhesion of primary and cancer cell lines. 27252680 4 49 theme OGT 597:599 arg1 silencing 601:609 OGT silencing 597:609 OGT silencing 597:609 In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. 27252680 0 50 theme Cell 132:135 arg1 Lines 137:141 Fetal Human Colon Cell Lines 114:141 Fetal Human Colon Cell Lines 114:141 Silencing the Nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAc Transferase Reduces Proliferation, Adhesion, and Migration of Cancer and Fetal Human Colon Cell Lines. 27252680 8 51 theme higher 1328:1333 arg1 consumption 1335:1345 their higher consumption 1322:1345 their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine 1322:1390 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 2 52 theme pathway 403:409 arg1 UDP-GlcNAc 342:351 UDP-GlcNAc 342:351 UDP-GlcNAc 342:351 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) transfers the GlcNAc residue from UDP-GlcNAc, the final product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes it. 27252680 2 52 theme pathway 403:409 arg1 product 364:370 the final product 354:370 the final product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) 354:415 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) transfers the GlcNAc residue from UDP-GlcNAc, the final product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes it. 27252680 7 53 theme OGT 1065:1067 arg1 knockdown 1069:1077 OGT knockdown 1065:1077 OGT knockdown 1065:1077 The expression levels of actin and tubulin were unaffected by OGT knockdown but siOGT seemed to disorganize microfilament, microtubule, and vinculin networks in CCD841CoN. 27252680 6 54 theme CCD841CoN 872:880 arg1 migration 882:890 CCD841CoN migration 872:890 CCD841CoN migration 872:890 SiOGT dramatically decreased HT29 and CCD841CoN migration, CCD841CoN harboring high capabilities of migration in Boyden chamber system when compared to HT29 and HCT116. 27252680 8 55 theme migratory 1282:1290 arg1 properties 1292:1301 their proliferative and migratory properties 1258:1301 their proliferative and migratory properties 1258:1301 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 8 56 theme HBP 1350:1352 arg1 substrates 1359:1368 HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine 1350:1390 HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine 1350:1390 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 8 56 theme HBP 1350:1352 arg1 glutamine 1382:1390 glutamine 1382:1390 glutamine 1382:1390 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 8 56 theme HBP 1350:1352 arg1 glucose 1370:1376 glucose 1370:1376 glucose 1370:1376 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 4 57 dep line 685:688 arg1 CCD841CoN 690:698 CCD841CoN 690:698 the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN 662:698 In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. 27252680 5 58 theme OGT 724:726 arg1 silencing 728:736 OGT silencing 724:736 OGT silencing 724:736 Herein, we report that OGT silencing diminished proliferation, in vitro cell survival and adhesion of primary and cancer cell lines. 27252680 8 59 theme normal 1520:1525 arg1 cells 1527:1531 normal cells 1520:1531 normal cells 1520:1531 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 6 60 from capabilities 918:929 arg1 system 962:967 Boyden chamber system 947:967 Boyden chamber system 947:967 SiOGT dramatically decreased HT29 and CCD841CoN migration, CCD841CoN harboring high capabilities of migration in Boyden chamber system when compared to HT29 and HCT116. 27252680 7 61 from networks 1152:1159 arg1 CCD841CoN 1164:1172 CCD841CoN 1164:1172 CCD841CoN 1164:1172 The expression levels of actin and tubulin were unaffected by OGT knockdown but siOGT seemed to disorganize microfilament, microtubule, and vinculin networks in CCD841CoN. 27252680 8 62 theme substrates 1359:1368 arg1 consumption 1335:1345 their higher consumption 1322:1345 their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine 1322:1390 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 4 63 theme cancer 624:629 arg1 lines 636:640 the colon cancer cell lines 614:640 the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 614:656 In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. 27252680 4 63 theme cancer 624:629 arg1 HCT116 651:656 HCT116 651:656 HCT116 651:656 In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. 27252680 4 63 theme cancer 624:629 arg1 HT29 642:645 HT29 642:645 HT29 642:645 In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. 27252680 8 64 theme O-GlcNAcylation 1231:1245 arg1 levels 1213:1218 higher levels 1206:1218 higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation 1206:1245 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 8 65 theme higher 1206:1211 arg1 levels 1213:1218 higher levels 1206:1218 higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation 1206:1245 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 1 66 dep unique 255:260 arg1 couple 262:267 couple 262:267 couple 262:267 The post-translational modification of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is regulated by a unique couple of enzymes. 27252680 8 67 theme main 1354:1357 arg1 substrates 1359:1368 HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine 1350:1390 HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine 1350:1390 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 8 67 theme main 1354:1357 arg1 glutamine 1382:1390 glutamine 1382:1390 glutamine 1382:1390 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 8 67 theme main 1354:1357 arg1 glucose 1370:1376 glucose 1370:1376 glucose 1370:1376 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 2 68 theme GlcNAc 322:327 arg1 residue 329:335 the GlcNAc residue 318:335 the GlcNAc residue from UDP-GlcNAc, the final product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) 318:415 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) transfers the GlcNAc residue from UDP-GlcNAc, the final product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes it. 27252680 8 69 theme proliferative 1264:1276 arg1 properties 1292:1301 their proliferative and migratory properties 1258:1301 their proliferative and migratory properties 1258:1301 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 8 70 dep substrates 1359:1368 arg1 substrates 1359:1368 HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine 1350:1390 HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine 1350:1390 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 8 70 dep substrates 1359:1368 arg1 glutamine 1382:1390 glutamine 1382:1390 glutamine 1382:1390 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 8 70 dep substrates 1359:1368 arg1 glucose 1370:1376 glucose 1370:1376 glucose 1370:1376 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 8 71 theme OGT 1419:1421 arg1 expression 1423:1432 OGT expression 1419:1432 OGT expression 1419:1432 While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells. 27252680 5 72 dep in 764:765 arg1 vitro 767:771 vitro 767:771 vitro 767:771 Herein, we report that OGT silencing diminished proliferation, in vitro cell survival and adhesion of primary and cancer cell lines. 27252680 4 73 theme cell 631:634 arg1 lines 636:640 the colon cancer cell lines 614:640 the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 614:656 In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. 27252680 4 73 theme cell 631:634 arg1 HCT116 651:656 HCT116 651:656 HCT116 651:656 In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. 27252680 4 73 theme cell 631:634 arg1 HT29 642:645 HT29 642:645 HT29 642:645 In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. 27252680 1 74 theme proteins 183:190 arg1 modification 167:178 The post-translational modification 144:178 The post-translational modification of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 144:235 The post-translational modification of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is regulated by a unique couple of enzymes. 27252680 6 75 theme chamber 954:960 arg1 system 962:967 Boyden chamber system 947:967 Boyden chamber system 947:967 SiOGT dramatically decreased HT29 and CCD841CoN migration, CCD841CoN harboring high capabilities of migration in Boyden chamber system when compared to HT29 and HCT116. 27252680 2 76 theme final 358:362 arg1 UDP-GlcNAc 342:351 UDP-GlcNAc 342:351 UDP-GlcNAc 342:351 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) transfers the GlcNAc residue from UDP-GlcNAc, the final product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes it. 27252680 2 76 theme final 358:362 arg1 product 364:370 the final product 354:370 the final product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) 354:415 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) transfers the GlcNAc residue from UDP-GlcNAc, the final product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes it. 27252680 6 77 theme Boyden 947:952 arg1 system 962:967 Boyden chamber system 947:967 Boyden chamber system 947:967 SiOGT dramatically decreased HT29 and CCD841CoN migration, CCD841CoN harboring high capabilities of migration in Boyden chamber system when compared to HT29 and HCT116. 25253852 0 0 theme integrin 113:120 arg1 signaling 122:130 integrin signaling 113:130 integrin signaling 113:130 Two protein N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferases regulate synaptic plasticity by activity-dependent regulation of integrin signaling. 25253852 4 1 theme Specific 813:820 arg1 receptor 840:847 the synaptic Position Specific 2 (αPS2) integrin receptor 791:847 the synaptic Position Specific 2 (αPS2) integrin receptor 791:847 In non-neuronal contexts, pgant function regulates integrin signaling, and we show here that the synaptic Position Specific 2 (αPS2) integrin receptor and transmembrane tenascin ligand are both suppressively downregulated in pgant mutants. 25253852 1 2 link O-linked 345:352 arg1 glycosylation 354:366 synaptic O-linked glycosylation 336:366 synaptic O-linked glycosylation (GalNAcα1-O-S/T) 336:383 Using a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen for glycogenes regulating synapse function, we have identified two protein α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (pgant3 and pgant35A) that regulate synaptic O-linked glycosylation (GalNAcα1-O-S/T). 25253852 1 2 link O-linked 345:352 arg1 GalNAcα1-O-S/T 369:382 GalNAcα1-O-S/T 369:382 GalNAcα1-O-S/T 369:382 Using a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen for glycogenes regulating synapse function, we have identified two protein α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (pgant3 and pgant35A) that regulate synaptic O-linked glycosylation (GalNAcα1-O-S/T). 25253852 2 3 theme presynaptic/postsynaptic 422:445 arg1 assembly 457:464 presynaptic/postsynaptic molecular assembly 422:464 presynaptic/postsynaptic molecular assembly 422:464 Loss of either pgant alone elevates presynaptic/postsynaptic molecular assembly and evoked neurotransmission strength, but synapses appear restored to normal in double mutants. 25253852 7 4 theme integrin 1304:1311 arg1 signaling 1313:1321 integrin signaling 1304:1321 integrin signaling 1304:1321 Critically, acute blockade of integrin signaling acts synergistically with pgant mutants to eliminate all activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. 25253852 4 5 theme Position 804:811 arg1 receptor 840:847 the synaptic Position Specific 2 (αPS2) integrin receptor 791:847 the synaptic Position Specific 2 (αPS2) integrin receptor 791:847 In non-neuronal contexts, pgant function regulates integrin signaling, and we show here that the synaptic Position Specific 2 (αPS2) integrin receptor and transmembrane tenascin ligand are both suppressively downregulated in pgant mutants. 25253852 6 6 theme vesicle 1145:1151 arg1 trafficking 1153:1163 presynaptic vesicle trafficking 1133:1163 presynaptic vesicle trafficking 1133:1163 Optogenetic stimulation in pgant mutants alters presynaptic vesicle trafficking and postsynaptic pocket size during the perturbed integrin signaling underlying synaptic plasticity defects. 25253852 7 7 theme synaptic 1399:1406 arg1 plasticity 1408:1417 all activity-dependent synaptic plasticity 1376:1417 all activity-dependent synaptic plasticity 1376:1417 Critically, acute blockade of integrin signaling acts synergistically with pgant mutants to eliminate all activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. 25253852 2 8 from normal 537:542 arg1 mutants 554:560 double mutants 547:560 double mutants 547:560 Loss of either pgant alone elevates presynaptic/postsynaptic molecular assembly and evoked neurotransmission strength, but synapses appear restored to normal in double mutants. 25253852 7 9 theme acute 1286:1290 arg1 blockade 1292:1299 acute blockade 1286:1299 acute blockade of integrin signaling 1286:1321 Critically, acute blockade of integrin signaling acts synergistically with pgant mutants to eliminate all activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. 25253852 5 10 theme wild-type 1017:1025 arg1 synapses 1027:1034 wild-type synapses 1017:1034 wild-type synapses 1017:1034 Channelrhodopsin-driven activity rapidly (<1 min) drives integrin signaling in wild-type synapses but is suppressively abolished in pgant mutants. 25253852 6 11 theme presynaptic 1133:1143 arg1 trafficking 1153:1163 presynaptic vesicle trafficking 1133:1163 presynaptic vesicle trafficking 1133:1163 Optogenetic stimulation in pgant mutants alters presynaptic vesicle trafficking and postsynaptic pocket size during the perturbed integrin signaling underlying synaptic plasticity defects. 25253852 0 12 theme signaling 122:130 arg1 regulation 99:108 activity-dependent regulation 80:108 activity-dependent regulation of integrin signaling 80:130 Two protein N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferases regulate synaptic plasticity by activity-dependent regulation of integrin signaling. 25253852 2 13 from mutants 554:560 arg1 normal 537:542 normal 537:542 normal 537:542 Loss of either pgant alone elevates presynaptic/postsynaptic molecular assembly and evoked neurotransmission strength, but synapses appear restored to normal in double mutants. 25253852 4 14 theme tenascin 867:874 arg1 ligand 876:881 transmembrane tenascin ligand 853:881 transmembrane tenascin ligand 853:881 In non-neuronal contexts, pgant function regulates integrin signaling, and we show here that the synaptic Position Specific 2 (αPS2) integrin receptor and transmembrane tenascin ligand are both suppressively downregulated in pgant mutants. 25253852 3 15 theme activity-dependent 573:590 arg1 facilitation 592:603 activity-dependent facilitation 573:603 activity-dependent facilitation 573:603 Likewise, activity-dependent facilitation, augmentation, and posttetanic potentiation are all suppressively impaired in pgant mutants. 25253852 3 15 theme activity-dependent 573:590 arg1 potentiation 636:647 posttetanic potentiation 624:647 posttetanic potentiation 624:647 Likewise, activity-dependent facilitation, augmentation, and posttetanic potentiation are all suppressively impaired in pgant mutants. 25253852 3 15 theme activity-dependent 573:590 arg1 augmentation 606:617 augmentation 606:617 augmentation 606:617 Likewise, activity-dependent facilitation, augmentation, and posttetanic potentiation are all suppressively impaired in pgant mutants. 25253852 6 16 theme perturbed 1205:1213 arg1 signaling 1224:1232 the perturbed integrin signaling 1201:1232 the perturbed integrin signaling underlying synaptic plasticity defects 1201:1271 Optogenetic stimulation in pgant mutants alters presynaptic vesicle trafficking and postsynaptic pocket size during the perturbed integrin signaling underlying synaptic plasticity defects. 25253852 4 17 dep downregulated 906:918 arg1 both 887:890 both 887:890 both 887:890 In non-neuronal contexts, pgant function regulates integrin signaling, and we show here that the synaptic Position Specific 2 (αPS2) integrin receptor and transmembrane tenascin ligand are both suppressively downregulated in pgant mutants. 25253852 1 18 theme synapse 214:220 arg1 function 222:229 synapse function 214:229 synapse function 214:229 Using a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen for glycogenes regulating synapse function, we have identified two protein α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (pgant3 and pgant35A) that regulate synaptic O-linked glycosylation (GalNAcα1-O-S/T). 25253852 4 19 theme non-neuronal 701:712 arg1 contexts 714:721 non-neuronal contexts 701:721 non-neuronal contexts 701:721 In non-neuronal contexts, pgant function regulates integrin signaling, and we show here that the synaptic Position Specific 2 (αPS2) integrin receptor and transmembrane tenascin ligand are both suppressively downregulated in pgant mutants. 25253852 5 20 theme pgant 1070:1074 arg1 mutants 1076:1082 pgant mutants 1070:1082 pgant mutants 1070:1082 Channelrhodopsin-driven activity rapidly (<1 min) drives integrin signaling in wild-type synapses but is suppressively abolished in pgant mutants. 25253852 2 21 theme neurotransmission 477:493 arg1 strength 495:502 evoked neurotransmission strength 470:502 evoked neurotransmission strength 470:502 Loss of either pgant alone elevates presynaptic/postsynaptic molecular assembly and evoked neurotransmission strength, but synapses appear restored to normal in double mutants. 25253852 0 22 theme protein 4:10 arg1 transferases 35:46 Two protein N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferases 0:46 Two protein N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferases 0:46 Two protein N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferases regulate synaptic plasticity by activity-dependent regulation of integrin signaling. 25253852 3 23 theme posttetanic 624:634 arg1 facilitation 592:603 activity-dependent facilitation 573:603 activity-dependent facilitation 573:603 Likewise, activity-dependent facilitation, augmentation, and posttetanic potentiation are all suppressively impaired in pgant mutants. 25253852 3 23 theme posttetanic 624:634 arg1 potentiation 636:647 posttetanic potentiation 624:647 posttetanic potentiation 624:647 Likewise, activity-dependent facilitation, augmentation, and posttetanic potentiation are all suppressively impaired in pgant mutants. 25253852 3 24 theme pgant 683:687 arg1 mutants 689:695 pgant mutants 683:695 pgant mutants 683:695 Likewise, activity-dependent facilitation, augmentation, and posttetanic potentiation are all suppressively impaired in pgant mutants. 25253852 2 25 theme evoked 470:475 arg1 strength 495:502 evoked neurotransmission strength 470:502 evoked neurotransmission strength 470:502 Loss of either pgant alone elevates presynaptic/postsynaptic molecular assembly and evoked neurotransmission strength, but synapses appear restored to normal in double mutants. 25253852 1 26 theme synaptic 336:343 arg1 glycosylation 354:366 synaptic O-linked glycosylation 336:366 synaptic O-linked glycosylation (GalNAcα1-O-S/T) 336:383 Using a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen for glycogenes regulating synapse function, we have identified two protein α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (pgant3 and pgant35A) that regulate synaptic O-linked glycosylation (GalNAcα1-O-S/T). 25253852 1 26 theme synaptic 336:343 arg1 GalNAcα1-O-S/T 369:382 GalNAcα1-O-S/T 369:382 GalNAcα1-O-S/T 369:382 Using a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen for glycogenes regulating synapse function, we have identified two protein α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (pgant3 and pgant35A) that regulate synaptic O-linked glycosylation (GalNAcα1-O-S/T). 25253852 4 27 theme αPS2 825:828 arg1 receptor 840:847 the synaptic Position Specific 2 (αPS2) integrin receptor 791:847 the synaptic Position Specific 2 (αPS2) integrin receptor 791:847 In non-neuronal contexts, pgant function regulates integrin signaling, and we show here that the synaptic Position Specific 2 (αPS2) integrin receptor and transmembrane tenascin ligand are both suppressively downregulated in pgant mutants. 25253852 4 28 theme integrin 831:838 arg1 receptor 840:847 the synaptic Position Specific 2 (αPS2) integrin receptor 791:847 the synaptic Position Specific 2 (αPS2) integrin receptor 791:847 In non-neuronal contexts, pgant function regulates integrin signaling, and we show here that the synaptic Position Specific 2 (αPS2) integrin receptor and transmembrane tenascin ligand are both suppressively downregulated in pgant mutants. 25253852 5 29 theme Channelrhodopsin-driven 938:960 arg1 activity 962:969 Channelrhodopsin-driven activity 938:969 Channelrhodopsin-driven activity 938:969 Channelrhodopsin-driven activity rapidly (<1 min) drives integrin signaling in wild-type synapses but is suppressively abolished in pgant mutants. 25253852 1 30 theme O-linked 345:352 arg1 glycosylation 354:366 synaptic O-linked glycosylation 336:366 synaptic O-linked glycosylation (GalNAcα1-O-S/T) 336:383 Using a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen for glycogenes regulating synapse function, we have identified two protein α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (pgant3 and pgant35A) that regulate synaptic O-linked glycosylation (GalNAcα1-O-S/T). 25253852 1 30 theme O-linked 345:352 arg1 GalNAcα1-O-S/T 369:382 GalNAcα1-O-S/T 369:382 GalNAcα1-O-S/T 369:382 Using a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen for glycogenes regulating synapse function, we have identified two protein α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (pgant3 and pgant35A) that regulate synaptic O-linked glycosylation (GalNAcα1-O-S/T). 25253852 4 31 theme transmembrane 853:865 arg1 ligand 876:881 transmembrane tenascin ligand 853:881 transmembrane tenascin ligand 853:881 In non-neuronal contexts, pgant function regulates integrin signaling, and we show here that the synaptic Position Specific 2 (αPS2) integrin receptor and transmembrane tenascin ligand are both suppressively downregulated in pgant mutants. 25253852 6 32 theme synaptic 1245:1252 arg1 plasticity 1254:1263 synaptic plasticity 1245:1263 synaptic plasticity defects 1245:1271 Optogenetic stimulation in pgant mutants alters presynaptic vesicle trafficking and postsynaptic pocket size during the perturbed integrin signaling underlying synaptic plasticity defects. 25253852 6 33 theme integrin 1215:1222 arg1 signaling 1224:1232 the perturbed integrin signaling 1201:1232 the perturbed integrin signaling underlying synaptic plasticity defects 1201:1271 Optogenetic stimulation in pgant mutants alters presynaptic vesicle trafficking and postsynaptic pocket size during the perturbed integrin signaling underlying synaptic plasticity defects. 25253852 0 34 theme N-acetylgalactosaminyl 12:33 arg1 transferases 35:46 Two protein N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferases 0:46 Two protein N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferases 0:46 Two protein N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferases regulate synaptic plasticity by activity-dependent regulation of integrin signaling. 25253852 6 35 from stimulation 1097:1107 arg1 mutants 1118:1124 pgant mutants 1112:1124 pgant mutants 1112:1124 Optogenetic stimulation in pgant mutants alters presynaptic vesicle trafficking and postsynaptic pocket size during the perturbed integrin signaling underlying synaptic plasticity defects. 25253852 4 36 theme integrin 749:756 arg1 signaling 758:766 integrin signaling 749:766 integrin signaling 749:766 In non-neuronal contexts, pgant function regulates integrin signaling, and we show here that the synaptic Position Specific 2 (αPS2) integrin receptor and transmembrane tenascin ligand are both suppressively downregulated in pgant mutants. 25253852 0 37 theme synaptic 57:64 arg1 plasticity 66:75 synaptic plasticity 57:75 synaptic plasticity 57:75 Two protein N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferases regulate synaptic plasticity by activity-dependent regulation of integrin signaling. 25253852 2 38 theme pgant 401:405 arg1 Loss 386:389 Loss 386:389 Loss of either pgant alone 386:411 Loss of either pgant alone elevates presynaptic/postsynaptic molecular assembly and evoked neurotransmission strength, but synapses appear restored to normal in double mutants. 25253852 6 39 theme plasticity 1254:1263 arg1 defects 1265:1271 synaptic plasticity defects 1245:1271 synaptic plasticity defects 1245:1271 Optogenetic stimulation in pgant mutants alters presynaptic vesicle trafficking and postsynaptic pocket size during the perturbed integrin signaling underlying synaptic plasticity defects. 25253852 6 40 theme Optogenetic 1085:1095 arg1 stimulation 1097:1107 Optogenetic stimulation 1085:1107 Optogenetic stimulation in pgant mutants 1085:1124 Optogenetic stimulation in pgant mutants alters presynaptic vesicle trafficking and postsynaptic pocket size during the perturbed integrin signaling underlying synaptic plasticity defects. 25253852 5 41 theme integrin 995:1002 arg1 signaling 1004:1012 integrin signaling 995:1012 integrin signaling in wild-type synapses 995:1034 Channelrhodopsin-driven activity rapidly (<1 min) drives integrin signaling in wild-type synapses but is suppressively abolished in pgant mutants. 25253852 1 42 dep α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases 263:298 arg1 pgant3 301:306 pgant3 301:306 pgant3 301:306 Using a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen for glycogenes regulating synapse function, we have identified two protein α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (pgant3 and pgant35A) that regulate synaptic O-linked glycosylation (GalNAcα1-O-S/T). 25253852 1 42 dep α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases 263:298 arg1 α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases 263:298 two protein α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases 251:298 two protein α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (pgant3 and pgant35A) that regulate synaptic O-linked glycosylation (GalNAcα1-O-S/T) 251:383 Using a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen for glycogenes regulating synapse function, we have identified two protein α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (pgant3 and pgant35A) that regulate synaptic O-linked glycosylation (GalNAcα1-O-S/T). 25253852 1 42 dep α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases 263:298 arg1 pgant35A 312:319 pgant35A 312:319 pgant35A 312:319 Using a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen for glycogenes regulating synapse function, we have identified two protein α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (pgant3 and pgant35A) that regulate synaptic O-linked glycosylation (GalNAcα1-O-S/T). 25253852 7 43 theme pgant 1349:1353 arg1 mutants 1355:1361 pgant mutants 1349:1361 pgant mutants 1349:1361 Critically, acute blockade of integrin signaling acts synergistically with pgant mutants to eliminate all activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. 25253852 1 44 theme protein 255:261 arg1 pgant3 301:306 pgant3 301:306 pgant3 301:306 Using a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen for glycogenes regulating synapse function, we have identified two protein α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (pgant3 and pgant35A) that regulate synaptic O-linked glycosylation (GalNAcα1-O-S/T). 25253852 1 44 theme protein 255:261 arg1 α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases 263:298 two protein α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases 251:298 two protein α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (pgant3 and pgant35A) that regulate synaptic O-linked glycosylation (GalNAcα1-O-S/T) 251:383 Using a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen for glycogenes regulating synapse function, we have identified two protein α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (pgant3 and pgant35A) that regulate synaptic O-linked glycosylation (GalNAcα1-O-S/T). 25253852 1 44 theme protein 255:261 arg1 pgant35A 312:319 pgant35A 312:319 pgant35A 312:319 Using a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen for glycogenes regulating synapse function, we have identified two protein α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (pgant3 and pgant35A) that regulate synaptic O-linked glycosylation (GalNAcα1-O-S/T). 25253852 7 45 theme signaling 1313:1321 arg1 blockade 1292:1299 acute blockade 1286:1299 acute blockade of integrin signaling 1286:1321 Critically, acute blockade of integrin signaling acts synergistically with pgant mutants to eliminate all activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. 25253852 6 46 theme pgant 1112:1116 arg1 mutants 1118:1124 pgant mutants 1112:1124 pgant mutants 1112:1124 Optogenetic stimulation in pgant mutants alters presynaptic vesicle trafficking and postsynaptic pocket size during the perturbed integrin signaling underlying synaptic plasticity defects. 25253852 2 47 dep appear 518:523 arg1 restored 525:532 restored 525:532 appear restored to normal in double mutants 518:560 Loss of either pgant alone elevates presynaptic/postsynaptic molecular assembly and evoked neurotransmission strength, but synapses appear restored to normal in double mutants. 25253852 1 48 theme Drosophila 141:150 arg1 screen 181:186 a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen 139:186 a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen for glycogenes regulating synapse function 139:229 Using a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen for glycogenes regulating synapse function, we have identified two protein α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (pgant3 and pgant35A) that regulate synaptic O-linked glycosylation (GalNAcα1-O-S/T). 25253852 2 49 theme double 547:552 arg1 mutants 554:560 double mutants 547:560 double mutants 547:560 Loss of either pgant alone elevates presynaptic/postsynaptic molecular assembly and evoked neurotransmission strength, but synapses appear restored to normal in double mutants. 25253852 7 50 theme activity-dependent 1380:1397 arg1 plasticity 1408:1417 all activity-dependent synaptic plasticity 1376:1417 all activity-dependent synaptic plasticity 1376:1417 Critically, acute blockade of integrin signaling acts synergistically with pgant mutants to eliminate all activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. 25253852 5 51 dep rapidly 971:977 arg1 min 983:985 <1 min 980:985 <1 min 980:985 Channelrhodopsin-driven activity rapidly (<1 min) drives integrin signaling in wild-type synapses but is suppressively abolished in pgant mutants. 25253852 1 52 theme whole-genome 152:163 arg1 screen 181:186 a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen 139:186 a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen for glycogenes regulating synapse function 139:229 Using a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen for glycogenes regulating synapse function, we have identified two protein α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (pgant3 and pgant35A) that regulate synaptic O-linked glycosylation (GalNAcα1-O-S/T). 25253852 3 53 from impaired 671:678 arg1 mutants 689:695 pgant mutants 683:695 pgant mutants 683:695 Likewise, activity-dependent facilitation, augmentation, and posttetanic potentiation are all suppressively impaired in pgant mutants. 25253852 1 54 theme transgenic 165:174 arg1 screen 181:186 a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen 139:186 a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen for glycogenes regulating synapse function 139:229 Using a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen for glycogenes regulating synapse function, we have identified two protein α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (pgant3 and pgant35A) that regulate synaptic O-linked glycosylation (GalNAcα1-O-S/T). 25253852 4 55 theme pgant 724:728 arg1 function 730:737 pgant function 724:737 pgant function 724:737 In non-neuronal contexts, pgant function regulates integrin signaling, and we show here that the synaptic Position Specific 2 (αPS2) integrin receptor and transmembrane tenascin ligand are both suppressively downregulated in pgant mutants. 25253852 1 56 theme RNAi 176:179 arg1 screen 181:186 a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen 139:186 a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen for glycogenes regulating synapse function 139:229 Using a Drosophila whole-genome transgenic RNAi screen for glycogenes regulating synapse function, we have identified two protein α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (pgant3 and pgant35A) that regulate synaptic O-linked glycosylation (GalNAcα1-O-S/T). 25253852 6 57 theme pocket 1182:1187 arg1 size 1189:1192 postsynaptic pocket size 1169:1192 postsynaptic pocket size 1169:1192 Optogenetic stimulation in pgant mutants alters presynaptic vesicle trafficking and postsynaptic pocket size during the perturbed integrin signaling underlying synaptic plasticity defects. 25253852 4 58 theme pgant 923:927 arg1 mutants 929:935 pgant mutants 923:935 pgant mutants 923:935 In non-neuronal contexts, pgant function regulates integrin signaling, and we show here that the synaptic Position Specific 2 (αPS2) integrin receptor and transmembrane tenascin ligand are both suppressively downregulated in pgant mutants. 25253852 5 59 from signaling 1004:1012 arg1 synapses 1027:1034 wild-type synapses 1017:1034 wild-type synapses 1017:1034 Channelrhodopsin-driven activity rapidly (<1 min) drives integrin signaling in wild-type synapses but is suppressively abolished in pgant mutants. 25253852 4 60 theme synaptic 795:802 arg1 receptor 840:847 the synaptic Position Specific 2 (αPS2) integrin receptor 791:847 the synaptic Position Specific 2 (αPS2) integrin receptor 791:847 In non-neuronal contexts, pgant function regulates integrin signaling, and we show here that the synaptic Position Specific 2 (αPS2) integrin receptor and transmembrane tenascin ligand are both suppressively downregulated in pgant mutants. 25253852 3 61 from mutants 689:695 arg1 impaired 671:678 impaired 671:678 impaired 671:678 Likewise, activity-dependent facilitation, augmentation, and posttetanic potentiation are all suppressively impaired in pgant mutants. 25253852 6 62 theme postsynaptic 1169:1180 arg1 size 1189:1192 postsynaptic pocket size 1169:1192 postsynaptic pocket size 1169:1192 Optogenetic stimulation in pgant mutants alters presynaptic vesicle trafficking and postsynaptic pocket size during the perturbed integrin signaling underlying synaptic plasticity defects. 25253852 0 63 theme activity-dependent 80:97 arg1 regulation 99:108 activity-dependent regulation 80:108 activity-dependent regulation of integrin signaling 80:130 Two protein N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferases regulate synaptic plasticity by activity-dependent regulation of integrin signaling. 25253852 2 64 theme molecular 447:455 arg1 assembly 457:464 presynaptic/postsynaptic molecular assembly 422:464 presynaptic/postsynaptic molecular assembly 422:464 Loss of either pgant alone elevates presynaptic/postsynaptic molecular assembly and evoked neurotransmission strength, but synapses appear restored to normal in double mutants. 26593774 1 0 link N-linked 87:94 arg1 glycans 96:102 N-linked glycans 87:102 N-linked glycans 87:102 It is well-known that N-linked glycans usually attach to asparagine residues in the N-X-S/T motifs of proteins. 26593774 4 1 theme asparagine 518:527 arg1 residues 529:536 asparagine residues 518:536 asparagine residues 518:536 Peptides with deamidation sites at asparagine residues but lacking a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif were identified from deglycosylated peptide data as potentially atypical glycosite-containing peptides. 26593774 6 2 theme N-linked 990:997 arg1 sites 1013:1017 two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites 977:1017 two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites with N-X-C and N-X-V motifs 977:1045 From this study, two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites with N-X-C and N-X-V motifs were identified and validated from an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3). 26593774 5 3 theme intact 830:835 arg1 glycopeptides 837:849 their intact glycopeptides 824:849 their intact glycopeptides 824:849 These atypical glycosites were verified by the presence of glycans on their intact glycopeptides and further confirmed by specific inhibition of cells with an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin. 26593774 4 4 theme sequons 590:596 arg1 motif 644:648 a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif 550:648 a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif 550:648 Peptides with deamidation sites at asparagine residues but lacking a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif were identified from deglycosylated peptide data as potentially atypical glycosite-containing peptides. 26593774 6 5 link N-linked 990:997 arg1 sites 1013:1017 two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites 977:1017 two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites with N-X-C and N-X-V motifs 977:1045 From this study, two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites with N-X-C and N-X-V motifs were identified and validated from an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3). 26593774 4 6 from residues 529:536 arg1 sites 509:513 deamidation sites 497:513 deamidation sites at asparagine residues 497:536 Peptides with deamidation sites at asparagine residues but lacking a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif were identified from deglycosylated peptide data as potentially atypical glycosite-containing peptides. 26593774 6 7 with sites 1013:1017 arg1 N-X-C 1024:1028 N-X-C 1024:1028 N-X-C 1024:1028 From this study, two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites with N-X-C and N-X-V motifs were identified and validated from an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3). 26593774 6 7 with sites 1013:1017 arg1 motifs 1040:1045 N-X-V motifs 1034:1045 N-X-V motifs 1034:1045 From this study, two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites with N-X-C and N-X-V motifs were identified and validated from an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3). 26593774 4 8 theme deamidation 497:507 arg1 sites 509:513 deamidation sites 497:513 deamidation sites at asparagine residues 497:536 Peptides with deamidation sites at asparagine residues but lacking a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif were identified from deglycosylated peptide data as potentially atypical glycosite-containing peptides. 26593774 6 9 theme glycosylation 999:1011 arg1 sites 1013:1017 two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites 977:1017 two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites with N-X-C and N-X-V motifs 977:1045 From this study, two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites with N-X-C and N-X-V motifs were identified and validated from an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3). 26593774 4 10 theme amino 617:621 arg1 acid 623:626 any amino acid 613:626 any amino acid 613:626 Peptides with deamidation sites at asparagine residues but lacking a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif were identified from deglycosylated peptide data as potentially atypical glycosite-containing peptides. 26593774 6 11 gly glycosylation 999:1011 arg2 two 977:979 two 977:979 two 977:979 From this study, two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites with N-X-C and N-X-V motifs were identified and validated from an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3). 26593774 6 11 gly glycosylation 999:1011 arg2 sites 1013:1017 two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites 977:1017 two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites with N-X-C and N-X-V motifs 977:1045 From this study, two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites with N-X-C and N-X-V motifs were identified and validated from an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3). 26593774 5 12 theme inhibitor 936:944 arg1 tunicamycin 947:957 an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin 910:957 tunicamycin 947:957 These atypical glycosites were verified by the presence of glycans on their intact glycopeptides and further confirmed by specific inhibition of cells with an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin. 26593774 1 13 theme proteins 167:174 arg1 motifs 157:162 the N-X-S/T motifs 145:162 the N-X-S/T motifs of proteins 145:174 It is well-known that N-linked glycans usually attach to asparagine residues in the N-X-S/T motifs of proteins. 26593774 3 14 theme N-linked 417:424 arg1 Glycans 426:432 the N-linked Glycans 413:432 the N-linked Glycans 413:432 In this study, we tried to identify atypical N-glycosylation sites using our recently developed solid-phase extraction of the N-linked Glycans And Glycosite-containing peptides (NGAG) method. 26593774 3 15 theme Glycans 426:432 arg1 extraction 399:408 solid-phase extraction 387:408 solid-phase extraction of the N-linked Glycans 387:432 In this study, we tried to identify atypical N-glycosylation sites using our recently developed solid-phase extraction of the N-linked Glycans And Glycosite-containing peptides (NGAG) method. 26593774 3 15 theme Glycans 426:432 arg1 NGAG 469:472 NGAG 469:472 NGAG 469:472 In this study, we tried to identify atypical N-glycosylation sites using our recently developed solid-phase extraction of the N-linked Glycans And Glycosite-containing peptides (NGAG) method. 26593774 3 15 theme Glycans 426:432 arg1 peptides 459:466 Glycosite-containing peptides 438:466 Glycosite-containing peptides (NGAG) 438:473 In this study, we tried to identify atypical N-glycosylation sites using our recently developed solid-phase extraction of the N-linked Glycans And Glycosite-containing peptides (NGAG) method. 26593774 4 16 theme peptide 686:692 arg1 data 694:697 deglycosylated peptide data 671:697 deglycosylated peptide data 671:697 Peptides with deamidation sites at asparagine residues but lacking a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif were identified from deglycosylated peptide data as potentially atypical glycosite-containing peptides. 26593774 3 17 theme extraction 399:408 arg1 method 475:480 our recently developed solid-phase extraction of the N-linked Glycans And Glycosite-containing peptides (NGAG) method 364:480 our recently developed solid-phase extraction of the N-linked Glycans And Glycosite-containing peptides (NGAG) method 364:480 In this study, we tried to identify atypical N-glycosylation sites using our recently developed solid-phase extraction of the N-linked Glycans And Glycosite-containing peptides (NGAG) method. 26593774 6 18 theme cell 1100:1103 arg1 OVCAR-3 1111:1117 OVCAR-3 1111:1117 OVCAR-3 1111:1117 From this study, two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites with N-X-C and N-X-V motifs were identified and validated from an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3). 26593774 6 18 theme cell 1100:1103 arg1 line 1105:1108 ovarian cancer cell line 1085:1108 an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3) 1082:1118 From this study, two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites with N-X-C and N-X-V motifs were identified and validated from an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3). 26593774 5 19 link N-linked 913:920 arg1 tunicamycin 947:957 an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin 910:957 tunicamycin 947:957 These atypical glycosites were verified by the presence of glycans on their intact glycopeptides and further confirmed by specific inhibition of cells with an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin. 26593774 1 20 theme N-linked 87:94 arg1 glycans 96:102 N-linked glycans 87:102 N-linked glycans 87:102 It is well-known that N-linked glycans usually attach to asparagine residues in the N-X-S/T motifs of proteins. 26593774 3 21 theme Glycosite-containing 438:457 arg1 NGAG 469:472 NGAG 469:472 NGAG 469:472 In this study, we tried to identify atypical N-glycosylation sites using our recently developed solid-phase extraction of the N-linked Glycans And Glycosite-containing peptides (NGAG) method. 26593774 3 21 theme Glycosite-containing 438:457 arg1 peptides 459:466 Glycosite-containing peptides 438:466 Glycosite-containing peptides (NGAG) 438:473 In this study, we tried to identify atypical N-glycosylation sites using our recently developed solid-phase extraction of the N-linked Glycans And Glycosite-containing peptides (NGAG) method. 26593774 4 22 gly deglycosylated 671:684 arg1 data 694:697 deglycosylated peptide data 671:697 deglycosylated peptide data 671:697 Peptides with deamidation sites at asparagine residues but lacking a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif were identified from deglycosylated peptide data as potentially atypical glycosite-containing peptides. 26593774 5 23 theme N-linked 913:920 arg1 tunicamycin 947:957 an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin 910:957 tunicamycin 947:957 These atypical glycosites were verified by the presence of glycans on their intact glycopeptides and further confirmed by specific inhibition of cells with an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin. 26593774 3 24 theme peptides 459:466 arg1 method 475:480 our recently developed solid-phase extraction of the N-linked Glycans And Glycosite-containing peptides (NGAG) method 364:480 our recently developed solid-phase extraction of the N-linked Glycans And Glycosite-containing peptides (NGAG) method 364:480 In this study, we tried to identify atypical N-glycosylation sites using our recently developed solid-phase extraction of the N-linked Glycans And Glycosite-containing peptides (NGAG) method. 26593774 3 25 theme developed 377:385 arg1 method 475:480 our recently developed solid-phase extraction of the N-linked Glycans And Glycosite-containing peptides (NGAG) method 364:480 our recently developed solid-phase extraction of the N-linked Glycans And Glycosite-containing peptides (NGAG) method 364:480 In this study, we tried to identify atypical N-glycosylation sites using our recently developed solid-phase extraction of the N-linked Glycans And Glycosite-containing peptides (NGAG) method. 26593774 6 26 theme N-X-V 1034:1038 arg1 motifs 1040:1045 N-X-V motifs 1034:1045 N-X-V motifs 1034:1045 From this study, two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites with N-X-C and N-X-V motifs were identified and validated from an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3). 26593774 3 27 theme solid-phase 387:397 arg1 extraction 399:408 solid-phase extraction 387:408 solid-phase extraction of the N-linked Glycans 387:432 In this study, we tried to identify atypical N-glycosylation sites using our recently developed solid-phase extraction of the N-linked Glycans And Glycosite-containing peptides (NGAG) method. 26593774 5 28 theme atypical 760:767 arg1 glycosites 769:778 These atypical glycosites 754:778 These atypical glycosites 754:778 These atypical glycosites were verified by the presence of glycans on their intact glycopeptides and further confirmed by specific inhibition of cells with an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin. 26593774 4 29 dep acid 623:626 arg1 N-X-S/T 599:605 N-X-S/T 599:605 N-X-S/T 599:605 Peptides with deamidation sites at asparagine residues but lacking a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif were identified from deglycosylated peptide data as potentially atypical glycosite-containing peptides. 26593774 5 30 gly glycosites 769:778 arg2 glycosites 769:778 These atypical glycosites 754:778 These atypical glycosites 754:778 These atypical glycosites were verified by the presence of glycans on their intact glycopeptides and further confirmed by specific inhibition of cells with an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin. 26593774 5 31 theme cells 899:903 arg1 inhibition 885:894 specific inhibition 876:894 specific inhibition of cells with an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin 876:957 These atypical glycosites were verified by the presence of glycans on their intact glycopeptides and further confirmed by specific inhibition of cells with an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin. 26593774 0 32 theme N-Glycosylation 42:56 arg1 Sites 58:62 Atypical N-Glycosylation Sites 33:62 Atypical N-Glycosylation Sites 33:62 Identification and Validation of Atypical N-Glycosylation Sites. 26593774 5 33 from presence 801:808 arg1 glycopeptides 837:849 their intact glycopeptides 824:849 their intact glycopeptides 824:849 These atypical glycosites were verified by the presence of glycans on their intact glycopeptides and further confirmed by specific inhibition of cells with an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin. 26593774 4 34 theme deglycosylated 671:684 arg1 data 694:697 deglycosylated peptide data 671:697 deglycosylated peptide data 671:697 Peptides with deamidation sites at asparagine residues but lacking a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif were identified from deglycosylated peptide data as potentially atypical glycosite-containing peptides. 26593774 0 35 theme Atypical 33:40 arg1 Sites 58:62 Atypical N-Glycosylation Sites 33:62 Atypical N-Glycosylation Sites 33:62 Identification and Validation of Atypical N-Glycosylation Sites. 26593774 4 36 theme typical 552:558 arg1 motif 644:648 a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif 550:648 a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif 550:648 Peptides with deamidation sites at asparagine residues but lacking a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif were identified from deglycosylated peptide data as potentially atypical glycosite-containing peptides. 26593774 5 37 with cells 899:903 arg1 tunicamycin 947:957 an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin 910:957 tunicamycin 947:957 These atypical glycosites were verified by the presence of glycans on their intact glycopeptides and further confirmed by specific inhibition of cells with an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin. 26593774 3 38 link N-linked 417:424 arg1 Glycans 426:432 the N-linked Glycans 413:432 the N-linked Glycans 413:432 In this study, we tried to identify atypical N-glycosylation sites using our recently developed solid-phase extraction of the N-linked Glycans And Glycosite-containing peptides (NGAG) method. 26593774 5 39 theme specific 876:883 arg1 inhibition 885:894 specific inhibition 876:894 specific inhibition of cells with an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin 876:957 These atypical glycosites were verified by the presence of glycans on their intact glycopeptides and further confirmed by specific inhibition of cells with an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin. 26593774 2 40 gly N-glycosylation 223:237 arg2 motifs 283:288 other atypical motifs 268:288 other atypical motifs 268:288 However, accumulating evidence indicates that N-glycosylation could also possibly occur at other atypical motifs. 26593774 3 41 gly N-glycosylation 336:350 arg2 sites 352:356 atypical N-glycosylation sites 327:356 atypical N-glycosylation sites 327:356 In this study, we tried to identify atypical N-glycosylation sites using our recently developed solid-phase extraction of the N-linked Glycans And Glycosite-containing peptides (NGAG) method. 26593774 5 42 theme glycans 813:819 arg1 presence 801:808 the presence 797:808 the presence of glycans on their intact glycopeptides 797:849 These atypical glycosites were verified by the presence of glycans on their intact glycopeptides and further confirmed by specific inhibition of cells with an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin. 26593774 0 43 theme Sites 58:62 arg1 Validation 19:28 Validation 19:28 Validation 19:28 Identification and Validation of Atypical N-Glycosylation Sites. 26593774 0 43 theme Sites 58:62 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification and Validation of Atypical N-Glycosylation Sites. 26593774 1 44 attach attach 112:117 arg1 residues 133:140 asparagine residues 122:140 asparagine residues 122:140 It is well-known that N-linked glycans usually attach to asparagine residues in the N-X-S/T motifs of proteins. 26593774 1 44 attach attach 112:117 arg2 glycans 96:102 N-linked glycans 87:102 N-linked glycans 87:102 It is well-known that N-linked glycans usually attach to asparagine residues in the N-X-S/T motifs of proteins. 26593774 6 45 theme atypical 981:988 arg1 sites 1013:1017 two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites 977:1017 two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites with N-X-C and N-X-V motifs 977:1045 From this study, two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites with N-X-C and N-X-V motifs were identified and validated from an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3). 26593774 1 46 theme asparagine 122:131 arg1 residues 133:140 asparagine residues 122:140 asparagine residues 122:140 It is well-known that N-linked glycans usually attach to asparagine residues in the N-X-S/T motifs of proteins. 26593774 4 47 theme asparagine-X-serine/threonine 560:588 arg1 sequons 590:596 asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons 560:596 a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif 550:648 Peptides with deamidation sites at asparagine residues but lacking a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif were identified from deglycosylated peptide data as potentially atypical glycosite-containing peptides. 26593774 5 48 gly glycopeptides 837:849 arg2 glycopeptides 837:849 their intact glycopeptides 824:849 their intact glycopeptides 824:849 These atypical glycosites were verified by the presence of glycans on their intact glycopeptides and further confirmed by specific inhibition of cells with an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin. 26593774 2 49 theme atypical 274:281 arg1 motifs 283:288 other atypical motifs 268:288 other atypical motifs 268:288 However, accumulating evidence indicates that N-glycosylation could also possibly occur at other atypical motifs. 26593774 4 50 with Peptides 483:490 arg1 sites 509:513 deamidation sites 497:513 deamidation sites at asparagine residues 497:536 Peptides with deamidation sites at asparagine residues but lacking a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif were identified from deglycosylated peptide data as potentially atypical glycosite-containing peptides. 26593774 6 51 theme cancer 1093:1098 arg1 OVCAR-3 1111:1117 OVCAR-3 1111:1117 OVCAR-3 1111:1117 From this study, two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites with N-X-C and N-X-V motifs were identified and validated from an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3). 26593774 6 51 theme cancer 1093:1098 arg1 line 1105:1108 ovarian cancer cell line 1085:1108 an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3) 1082:1118 From this study, two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites with N-X-C and N-X-V motifs were identified and validated from an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3). 26593774 2 52 theme other 268:272 arg1 motifs 283:288 other atypical motifs 268:288 other atypical motifs 268:288 However, accumulating evidence indicates that N-glycosylation could also possibly occur at other atypical motifs. 26593774 4 53 theme atypical 714:721 arg1 peptides 744:751 potentially atypical glycosite-containing peptides 702:751 potentially atypical glycosite-containing peptides 702:751 Peptides with deamidation sites at asparagine residues but lacking a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif were identified from deglycosylated peptide data as potentially atypical glycosite-containing peptides. 26593774 4 53 theme atypical 714:721 arg1 Peptides 483:490 Peptides 483:490 Peptides with deamidation sites at asparagine residues but lacking a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif 483:648 Peptides with deamidation sites at asparagine residues but lacking a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif were identified from deglycosylated peptide data as potentially atypical glycosite-containing peptides. 26593774 6 54 theme ovarian 1085:1091 arg1 OVCAR-3 1111:1117 OVCAR-3 1111:1117 OVCAR-3 1111:1117 From this study, two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites with N-X-C and N-X-V motifs were identified and validated from an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3). 26593774 6 54 theme ovarian 1085:1091 arg1 line 1105:1108 ovarian cancer cell line 1085:1108 an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3) 1082:1118 From this study, two atypical N-linked glycosylation sites with N-X-C and N-X-V motifs were identified and validated from an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3). 26593774 3 55 theme atypical 327:334 arg1 sites 352:356 atypical N-glycosylation sites 327:356 atypical N-glycosylation sites 327:356 In this study, we tried to identify atypical N-glycosylation sites using our recently developed solid-phase extraction of the N-linked Glycans And Glycosite-containing peptides (NGAG) method. 26593774 2 56 theme accumulating 186:197 arg1 evidence 199:206 accumulating evidence 186:206 accumulating evidence 186:206 However, accumulating evidence indicates that N-glycosylation could also possibly occur at other atypical motifs. 26593774 4 57 theme glycosite-containing 723:742 arg1 peptides 744:751 potentially atypical glycosite-containing peptides 702:751 potentially atypical glycosite-containing peptides 702:751 Peptides with deamidation sites at asparagine residues but lacking a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif were identified from deglycosylated peptide data as potentially atypical glycosite-containing peptides. 26593774 4 57 theme glycosite-containing 723:742 arg1 Peptides 483:490 Peptides 483:490 Peptides with deamidation sites at asparagine residues but lacking a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif 483:648 Peptides with deamidation sites at asparagine residues but lacking a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif were identified from deglycosylated peptide data as potentially atypical glycosite-containing peptides. 26593774 5 58 theme glycosylation 922:934 arg1 tunicamycin 947:957 an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin 910:957 tunicamycin 947:957 These atypical glycosites were verified by the presence of glycans on their intact glycopeptides and further confirmed by specific inhibition of cells with an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin. 26593774 3 59 theme N-glycosylation 336:350 arg1 sites 352:356 atypical N-glycosylation sites 327:356 atypical N-glycosylation sites 327:356 In this study, we tried to identify atypical N-glycosylation sites using our recently developed solid-phase extraction of the N-linked Glycans And Glycosite-containing peptides (NGAG) method. 26593774 4 60 dep sequons 590:596 arg1 acid 623:626 any amino acid 613:626 any amino acid 613:626 Peptides with deamidation sites at asparagine residues but lacking a typical asparagine-X-serine/threonine sequons (N-X-S/T, X is any amino acid except proline) motif were identified from deglycosylated peptide data as potentially atypical glycosite-containing peptides. 26593774 5 61 attach presence 801:808 arg2 glycans 813:819 glycans 813:819 glycans 813:819 These atypical glycosites were verified by the presence of glycans on their intact glycopeptides and further confirmed by specific inhibition of cells with an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin. 26593774 5 61 attach presence 801:808 arg1 glycopeptides 837:849 their intact glycopeptides 824:849 their intact glycopeptides 824:849 These atypical glycosites were verified by the presence of glycans on their intact glycopeptides and further confirmed by specific inhibition of cells with an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin. 26593774 1 62 theme N-X-S/T 149:155 arg1 motifs 157:162 the N-X-S/T motifs 145:162 the N-X-S/T motifs of proteins 145:174 It is well-known that N-linked glycans usually attach to asparagine residues in the N-X-S/T motifs of proteins. 24476023 0 0 theme Alcaligenes 84:94 arg1 sp 96:97 Alcaligenes sp 84:97 Alcaligenes sp 84:97 Carbon source dependence of cell surface composition and demulsifying capability of Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 2 1 theme environmentally 128:142 arg1 Biodemulsifiers 108:122 Biodemulsifiers 108:122 Biodemulsifiers 108:122 Biodemulsifiers are environmentally friendly agents used in recycling oil or purifying water from emulsion, yet the demulsifying feature of cell-surface composition remains unclear. 24476023 2 1 theme environmentally 128:142 arg1 agents 153:158 environmentally friendly agents 128:158 environmentally friendly agents used in recycling oil or purifying water from emulsion 128:213 Biodemulsifiers are environmentally friendly agents used in recycling oil or purifying water from emulsion, yet the demulsifying feature of cell-surface composition remains unclear. 24476023 3 2 theme sp 615:616 arg1 composition 568:578 cell-surface chemical composition 546:578 cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp 546:616 In this study, potentiometric titration, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry were combined to characterize cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 9 3 theme positive 1415:1422 arg1 role 1424:1427 a positive role 1413:1427 a positive role 1413:1427 It can be concluded that cell surface-associated proteins or lipids other than the polysaccharide of the demulsifying strain played a positive role in the demulsification activity. 24476023 3 4 dep transform 368:376 arg1 infrared 378:385 infrared 378:385 transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry 368:514 In this study, potentiometric titration, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry were combined to characterize cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 3 5 theme total 342:346 arg1 reflectance-Fourier 348:366 attenuated total reflectance-Fourier 331:366 attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry 331:514 In this study, potentiometric titration, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry were combined to characterize cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 3 5 theme total 342:346 arg1 titration 320:328 potentiometric titration 305:328 potentiometric titration 305:328 In this study, potentiometric titration, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry were combined to characterize cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 9 6 theme surface-associated 1311:1328 arg1 proteins 1330:1337 cell surface-associated proteins 1306:1337 cell surface-associated proteins 1306:1337 It can be concluded that cell surface-associated proteins or lipids other than the polysaccharide of the demulsifying strain played a positive role in the demulsification activity. 24476023 6 7 theme abundant 947:954 arg1 lipid 964:968 the relatively abundant surface lipid 932:968 the relatively abundant surface lipid 932:968 For cells cultivated with fatty acid ester, the relatively abundant surface lipid contributed to a 50% demulsification ratio owing to the presence of more acidic functional group. 24476023 10 8 from crucial 1541:1547 arg1 addition 1465:1472 addition 1465:1472 addition 1465:1472 In addition, the cell-surface oligoglutamate compounds identified in situ were crucial to the demulsifying capability. 24476023 6 9 theme 50 987:988 arg1 % 989:989 % 989:989 % 989:989 For cells cultivated with fatty acid ester, the relatively abundant surface lipid contributed to a 50% demulsification ratio owing to the presence of more acidic functional group. 24476023 7 10 from presence 1173:1180 arg1 surface 1218:1224 the cell surface 1209:1224 the cell surface 1209:1224 The cells cultivated with glucose exhibited a high oxygen concentration (O/C ∼0.28), which indicated the presence of more polysaccharides on the cell surface. 24476023 2 11 from emulsion 206:213 arg1 oil 178:180 recycling oil 168:180 recycling oil 168:180 Biodemulsifiers are environmentally friendly agents used in recycling oil or purifying water from emulsion, yet the demulsifying feature of cell-surface composition remains unclear. 24476023 2 11 from emulsion 206:213 arg1 water 195:199 purifying water 185:199 purifying water 185:199 Biodemulsifiers are environmentally friendly agents used in recycling oil or purifying water from emulsion, yet the demulsifying feature of cell-surface composition remains unclear. 24476023 9 12 theme cell 1306:1309 arg1 proteins 1330:1337 cell surface-associated proteins 1306:1337 cell surface-associated proteins 1306:1337 It can be concluded that cell surface-associated proteins or lipids other than the polysaccharide of the demulsifying strain played a positive role in the demulsification activity. 24476023 10 13 theme oligoglutamate 1492:1505 arg1 crucial 1541:1547 crucial 1541:1547 crucial 1541:1547 In addition, the cell-surface oligoglutamate compounds identified in situ were crucial to the demulsifying capability. 24476023 10 13 theme oligoglutamate 1492:1505 arg1 compounds 1507:1515 the cell-surface oligoglutamate compounds 1475:1515 the cell-surface oligoglutamate compounds identified in situ 1475:1534 In addition, the cell-surface oligoglutamate compounds identified in situ were crucial to the demulsifying capability. 24476023 6 14 theme % 989:989 arg1 ratio 1007:1011 a 50% demulsification ratio 985:1011 a 50% demulsification ratio owing to the presence of more acidic functional group 985:1065 For cells cultivated with fatty acid ester, the relatively abundant surface lipid contributed to a 50% demulsification ratio owing to the presence of more acidic functional group. 24476023 0 15 theme sp 96:97 arg1 dependence 14:23 Carbon source dependence 0:23 Carbon source dependence of cell surface composition and demulsifying capability of Alcaligenes sp. 0:98 Carbon source dependence of cell surface composition and demulsifying capability of Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 2 16 theme recycling 168:176 arg1 oil 178:180 recycling oil 168:180 recycling oil 168:180 Biodemulsifiers are environmentally friendly agents used in recycling oil or purifying water from emulsion, yet the demulsifying feature of cell-surface composition remains unclear. 24476023 9 17 theme demulsification 1436:1450 arg1 activity 1452:1459 the demulsification activity 1432:1459 the demulsification activity 1432:1459 It can be concluded that cell surface-associated proteins or lipids other than the polysaccharide of the demulsifying strain played a positive role in the demulsification activity. 24476023 5 18 theme basic 739:743 arg1 groups 756:761 basic functional groups 739:761 basic functional groups 739:761 Cells cultivated with alkane contained abundant elemental nitrogen and basic functional groups, indicating that their surface was rich in proteins or peptides, which contributed to their highest demulsifying efficiency. 24476023 3 19 theme attenuated 331:340 arg1 reflectance-Fourier 348:366 attenuated total reflectance-Fourier 331:366 attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry 331:514 In this study, potentiometric titration, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry were combined to characterize cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 3 19 theme attenuated 331:340 arg1 titration 320:328 potentiometric titration 305:328 potentiometric titration 305:328 In this study, potentiometric titration, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry were combined to characterize cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 5 20 theme demulsifying 863:874 arg1 efficiency 876:885 their highest demulsifying efficiency 849:885 their highest demulsifying efficiency 849:885 Cells cultivated with alkane contained abundant elemental nitrogen and basic functional groups, indicating that their surface was rich in proteins or peptides, which contributed to their highest demulsifying efficiency. 24476023 5 21 theme functional 745:754 arg1 groups 756:761 basic functional groups 739:761 basic functional groups 739:761 Cells cultivated with alkane contained abundant elemental nitrogen and basic functional groups, indicating that their surface was rich in proteins or peptides, which contributed to their highest demulsifying efficiency. 24476023 3 22 theme laser 455:459 arg1 spectrometry 503:514 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry 439:514 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry 439:514 In this study, potentiometric titration, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry were combined to characterize cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 0 23 theme surface 33:39 arg1 composition 41:51 cell surface composition 28:51 cell surface composition 28:51 Carbon source dependence of cell surface composition and demulsifying capability of Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 9 24 theme other 1349:1353 arg1 proteins 1330:1337 cell surface-associated proteins 1306:1337 cell surface-associated proteins 1306:1337 It can be concluded that cell surface-associated proteins or lipids other than the polysaccharide of the demulsifying strain played a positive role in the demulsification activity. 24476023 0 25 theme source 7:12 arg1 dependence 14:23 Carbon source dependence 0:23 Carbon source dependence of cell surface composition and demulsifying capability of Alcaligenes sp. 0:98 Carbon source dependence of cell surface composition and demulsifying capability of Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 8 26 theme demulsification 1251:1265 arg1 ratio 1267:1271 the lowest demulsification ratio 1240:1271 the lowest demulsification ratio of 30% 1240:1278 This induced the lowest demulsification ratio of 30%. 24476023 7 27 theme polysaccharides 1190:1204 arg1 presence 1173:1180 the presence 1169:1180 the presence of more polysaccharides on the cell surface 1169:1224 The cells cultivated with glucose exhibited a high oxygen concentration (O/C ∼0.28), which indicated the presence of more polysaccharides on the cell surface. 24476023 6 28 theme acid 920:923 arg1 ester 925:929 fatty acid ester 914:929 fatty acid ester 914:929 For cells cultivated with fatty acid ester, the relatively abundant surface lipid contributed to a 50% demulsification ratio owing to the presence of more acidic functional group. 24476023 0 29 theme Carbon 0:5 arg1 dependence 14:23 Carbon source dependence 0:23 Carbon source dependence of cell surface composition and demulsifying capability of Alcaligenes sp. 0:98 Carbon source dependence of cell surface composition and demulsifying capability of Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 8 30 theme % 1278:1278 arg1 ratio 1267:1271 the lowest demulsification ratio 1240:1271 the lowest demulsification ratio of 30% 1240:1278 This induced the lowest demulsification ratio of 30%. 24476023 6 31 theme functional 1050:1059 arg1 group 1061:1065 more acidic functional group 1038:1065 more acidic functional group 1038:1065 For cells cultivated with fatty acid ester, the relatively abundant surface lipid contributed to a 50% demulsification ratio owing to the presence of more acidic functional group. 24476023 5 32 theme abundant 707:714 arg1 nitrogen 726:733 abundant elemental nitrogen 707:733 abundant elemental nitrogen 707:733 Cells cultivated with alkane contained abundant elemental nitrogen and basic functional groups, indicating that their surface was rich in proteins or peptides, which contributed to their highest demulsifying efficiency. 24476023 5 33 from proteins 806:813 arg1 rich 798:801 rich 798:801 rich 798:801 Cells cultivated with alkane contained abundant elemental nitrogen and basic functional groups, indicating that their surface was rich in proteins or peptides, which contributed to their highest demulsifying efficiency. 24476023 3 34 theme photoelectron 407:419 arg1 spectroscopy 421:432 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 401:432 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 401:432 In this study, potentiometric titration, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry were combined to characterize cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 6 35 theme fatty 914:918 arg1 ester 925:929 fatty acid ester 914:929 fatty acid ester 914:929 For cells cultivated with fatty acid ester, the relatively abundant surface lipid contributed to a 50% demulsification ratio owing to the presence of more acidic functional group. 24476023 10 36 theme demulsifying 1556:1567 arg1 capability 1569:1578 the demulsifying capability 1552:1578 the demulsifying capability 1552:1578 In addition, the cell-surface oligoglutamate compounds identified in situ were crucial to the demulsifying capability. 24476023 5 37 theme elemental 716:724 arg1 nitrogen 726:733 abundant elemental nitrogen 707:733 abundant elemental nitrogen 707:733 Cells cultivated with alkane contained abundant elemental nitrogen and basic functional groups, indicating that their surface was rich in proteins or peptides, which contributed to their highest demulsifying efficiency. 24476023 3 38 theme chemical 559:566 arg1 composition 568:578 cell-surface chemical composition 546:578 cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp 546:616 In this study, potentiometric titration, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry were combined to characterize cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 8 39 theme lowest 1244:1249 arg1 ratio 1267:1271 the lowest demulsification ratio 1240:1271 the lowest demulsification ratio of 30% 1240:1278 This induced the lowest demulsification ratio of 30%. 24476023 7 40 theme more 1185:1188 arg1 polysaccharides 1190:1204 more polysaccharides 1185:1204 more polysaccharides 1185:1204 The cells cultivated with glucose exhibited a high oxygen concentration (O/C ∼0.28), which indicated the presence of more polysaccharides on the cell surface. 24476023 6 41 theme demulsification 991:1005 arg1 ratio 1007:1011 a 50% demulsification ratio 985:1011 a 50% demulsification ratio owing to the presence of more acidic functional group 985:1065 For cells cultivated with fatty acid ester, the relatively abundant surface lipid contributed to a 50% demulsification ratio owing to the presence of more acidic functional group. 24476023 7 42 attach presence 1173:1180 arg2 polysaccharides 1190:1204 more polysaccharides 1185:1204 more polysaccharides 1185:1204 The cells cultivated with glucose exhibited a high oxygen concentration (O/C ∼0.28), which indicated the presence of more polysaccharides on the cell surface. 24476023 7 42 attach presence 1173:1180 arg1 surface 1218:1224 the cell surface 1209:1224 the cell surface 1209:1224 The cells cultivated with glucose exhibited a high oxygen concentration (O/C ∼0.28), which indicated the presence of more polysaccharides on the cell surface. 24476023 9 43 theme demulsifying 1386:1397 arg1 strain 1399:1404 the demulsifying strain 1382:1404 the demulsifying strain 1382:1404 It can be concluded that cell surface-associated proteins or lipids other than the polysaccharide of the demulsifying strain played a positive role in the demulsification activity. 24476023 3 44 theme desorption/ionization-time-of-flight 461:496 arg1 spectrometry 503:514 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry 439:514 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry 439:514 In this study, potentiometric titration, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry were combined to characterize cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 10 45 from addition 1465:1472 arg1 crucial 1541:1547 crucial 1541:1547 crucial 1541:1547 In addition, the cell-surface oligoglutamate compounds identified in situ were crucial to the demulsifying capability. 24476023 10 45 from addition 1465:1472 arg1 compounds 1507:1515 the cell-surface oligoglutamate compounds 1475:1515 the cell-surface oligoglutamate compounds identified in situ 1475:1534 In addition, the cell-surface oligoglutamate compounds identified in situ were crucial to the demulsifying capability. 24476023 3 46 dep reflectance-Fourier 348:366 arg1 transform 368:376 transform 368:376 transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry 368:514 In this study, potentiometric titration, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry were combined to characterize cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 2 47 theme purifying 185:193 arg1 water 195:199 purifying water 185:199 purifying water 185:199 Biodemulsifiers are environmentally friendly agents used in recycling oil or purifying water from emulsion, yet the demulsifying feature of cell-surface composition remains unclear. 24476023 5 48 contain contained 697:705 arg1 Cells 668:672 Cells 668:672 Cells cultivated with alkane 668:695 Cells cultivated with alkane contained abundant elemental nitrogen and basic functional groups, indicating that their surface was rich in proteins or peptides, which contributed to their highest demulsifying efficiency. 24476023 5 48 contain contained 697:705 arg2 nitrogen 726:733 abundant elemental nitrogen 707:733 abundant elemental nitrogen 707:733 Cells cultivated with alkane contained abundant elemental nitrogen and basic functional groups, indicating that their surface was rich in proteins or peptides, which contributed to their highest demulsifying efficiency. 24476023 5 48 contain contained 697:705 arg2 groups 756:761 basic functional groups 739:761 basic functional groups 739:761 Cells cultivated with alkane contained abundant elemental nitrogen and basic functional groups, indicating that their surface was rich in proteins or peptides, which contributed to their highest demulsifying efficiency. 24476023 0 49 theme cell 28:31 arg1 composition 41:51 cell surface composition 28:51 cell surface composition 28:51 Carbon source dependence of cell surface composition and demulsifying capability of Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 4 50 theme different 642:650 arg1 sources 659:665 different carbon sources 642:665 different carbon sources 642:665 S-XJ-1 cultivated with different carbon sources. 24476023 3 51 theme mass 498:501 arg1 spectrometry 503:514 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry 439:514 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry 439:514 In this study, potentiometric titration, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry were combined to characterize cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 5 52 theme highest 855:861 arg1 efficiency 876:885 their highest demulsifying efficiency 849:885 their highest demulsifying efficiency 849:885 Cells cultivated with alkane contained abundant elemental nitrogen and basic functional groups, indicating that their surface was rich in proteins or peptides, which contributed to their highest demulsifying efficiency. 24476023 3 53 theme cell-surface 546:557 arg1 composition 568:578 cell-surface chemical composition 546:578 cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp 546:616 In this study, potentiometric titration, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry were combined to characterize cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 3 54 theme matrix-assisted 439:453 arg1 spectrometry 503:514 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry 439:514 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry 439:514 In this study, potentiometric titration, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry were combined to characterize cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 5 55 from rich 798:801 arg1 peptides 818:825 peptides 818:825 peptides 818:825 Cells cultivated with alkane contained abundant elemental nitrogen and basic functional groups, indicating that their surface was rich in proteins or peptides, which contributed to their highest demulsifying efficiency. 24476023 5 55 from rich 798:801 arg1 proteins 806:813 proteins 806:813 proteins 806:813 Cells cultivated with alkane contained abundant elemental nitrogen and basic functional groups, indicating that their surface was rich in proteins or peptides, which contributed to their highest demulsifying efficiency. 24476023 2 56 theme demulsifying 224:235 arg1 feature 237:243 the demulsifying feature 220:243 the demulsifying feature of cell-surface composition 220:271 Biodemulsifiers are environmentally friendly agents used in recycling oil or purifying water from emulsion, yet the demulsifying feature of cell-surface composition remains unclear. 24476023 10 57 theme cell-surface 1479:1490 arg1 crucial 1541:1547 crucial 1541:1547 crucial 1541:1547 In addition, the cell-surface oligoglutamate compounds identified in situ were crucial to the demulsifying capability. 24476023 10 57 theme cell-surface 1479:1490 arg1 compounds 1507:1515 the cell-surface oligoglutamate compounds 1475:1515 the cell-surface oligoglutamate compounds identified in situ 1475:1534 In addition, the cell-surface oligoglutamate compounds identified in situ were crucial to the demulsifying capability. 24476023 3 58 theme strain 596:601 arg1 sp 615:616 demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp 583:616 demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp 583:616 In this study, potentiometric titration, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry were combined to characterize cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 0 59 theme composition 41:51 arg1 dependence 14:23 Carbon source dependence 0:23 Carbon source dependence of cell surface composition and demulsifying capability of Alcaligenes sp. 0:98 Carbon source dependence of cell surface composition and demulsifying capability of Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 6 60 theme group 1061:1065 arg1 presence 1026:1033 the presence 1022:1033 the presence of more acidic functional group 1022:1065 For cells cultivated with fatty acid ester, the relatively abundant surface lipid contributed to a 50% demulsification ratio owing to the presence of more acidic functional group. 24476023 6 61 theme acidic 1043:1048 arg1 group 1061:1065 more acidic functional group 1038:1065 more acidic functional group 1038:1065 For cells cultivated with fatty acid ester, the relatively abundant surface lipid contributed to a 50% demulsification ratio owing to the presence of more acidic functional group. 24476023 7 62 theme cell 1213:1216 arg1 surface 1218:1224 the cell surface 1209:1224 the cell surface 1209:1224 The cells cultivated with glucose exhibited a high oxygen concentration (O/C ∼0.28), which indicated the presence of more polysaccharides on the cell surface. 24476023 9 63 theme strain 1399:1404 arg1 polysaccharide 1364:1377 the polysaccharide 1360:1377 the polysaccharide of the demulsifying strain 1360:1404 It can be concluded that cell surface-associated proteins or lipids other than the polysaccharide of the demulsifying strain played a positive role in the demulsification activity. 24476023 3 64 theme Alcaligenes 603:613 arg1 sp 615:616 demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp 583:616 demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp 583:616 In this study, potentiometric titration, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry were combined to characterize cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 4 65 theme carbon 652:657 arg1 sources 659:665 different carbon sources 642:665 different carbon sources 642:665 S-XJ-1 cultivated with different carbon sources. 24476023 3 66 theme potentiometric 305:318 arg1 reflectance-Fourier 348:366 attenuated total reflectance-Fourier 331:366 attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry 331:514 In this study, potentiometric titration, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry were combined to characterize cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 3 66 theme potentiometric 305:318 arg1 titration 320:328 potentiometric titration 305:328 potentiometric titration 305:328 In this study, potentiometric titration, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry were combined to characterize cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 7 67 theme high 1114:1117 arg1 O/C 1141:1143 O/C ∼0.28 1141:1149 O/C ∼0.28 1141:1149 The cells cultivated with glucose exhibited a high oxygen concentration (O/C ∼0.28), which indicated the presence of more polysaccharides on the cell surface. 24476023 7 67 theme high 1114:1117 arg1 concentration 1126:1138 a high oxygen concentration 1112:1138 a high oxygen concentration (O/C ∼0.28) 1112:1150 The cells cultivated with glucose exhibited a high oxygen concentration (O/C ∼0.28), which indicated the presence of more polysaccharides on the cell surface. 24476023 3 68 theme demulsifying 583:594 arg1 sp 615:616 demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp 583:616 demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp 583:616 In this study, potentiometric titration, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry were combined to characterize cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 5 69 from peptides 818:825 arg1 rich 798:801 rich 798:801 rich 798:801 Cells cultivated with alkane contained abundant elemental nitrogen and basic functional groups, indicating that their surface was rich in proteins or peptides, which contributed to their highest demulsifying efficiency. 24476023 0 70 theme capability 70:79 arg1 dependence 14:23 Carbon source dependence 0:23 Carbon source dependence of cell surface composition and demulsifying capability of Alcaligenes sp. 0:98 Carbon source dependence of cell surface composition and demulsifying capability of Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 6 71 theme surface 956:962 arg1 lipid 964:968 the relatively abundant surface lipid 932:968 the relatively abundant surface lipid 932:968 For cells cultivated with fatty acid ester, the relatively abundant surface lipid contributed to a 50% demulsification ratio owing to the presence of more acidic functional group. 24476023 2 72 theme composition 261:271 arg1 feature 237:243 the demulsifying feature 220:243 the demulsifying feature of cell-surface composition 220:271 Biodemulsifiers are environmentally friendly agents used in recycling oil or purifying water from emulsion, yet the demulsifying feature of cell-surface composition remains unclear. 24476023 7 73 theme oxygen 1119:1124 arg1 O/C 1141:1143 O/C ∼0.28 1141:1149 O/C ∼0.28 1141:1149 The cells cultivated with glucose exhibited a high oxygen concentration (O/C ∼0.28), which indicated the presence of more polysaccharides on the cell surface. 24476023 7 73 theme oxygen 1119:1124 arg1 concentration 1126:1138 a high oxygen concentration 1112:1138 a high oxygen concentration (O/C ∼0.28) 1112:1150 The cells cultivated with glucose exhibited a high oxygen concentration (O/C ∼0.28), which indicated the presence of more polysaccharides on the cell surface. 24476023 0 74 theme demulsifying 57:68 arg1 capability 70:79 demulsifying capability 57:79 demulsifying capability 57:79 Carbon source dependence of cell surface composition and demulsifying capability of Alcaligenes sp. 24476023 2 75 theme friendly 144:151 arg1 Biodemulsifiers 108:122 Biodemulsifiers 108:122 Biodemulsifiers 108:122 Biodemulsifiers are environmentally friendly agents used in recycling oil or purifying water from emulsion, yet the demulsifying feature of cell-surface composition remains unclear. 24476023 2 75 theme friendly 144:151 arg1 agents 153:158 environmentally friendly agents 128:158 environmentally friendly agents used in recycling oil or purifying water from emulsion 128:213 Biodemulsifiers are environmentally friendly agents used in recycling oil or purifying water from emulsion, yet the demulsifying feature of cell-surface composition remains unclear. 24476023 2 76 theme cell-surface 248:259 arg1 composition 261:271 cell-surface composition 248:271 cell-surface composition 248:271 Biodemulsifiers are environmentally friendly agents used in recycling oil or purifying water from emulsion, yet the demulsifying feature of cell-surface composition remains unclear. 24476023 3 77 theme X-ray 401:405 arg1 spectroscopy 421:432 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 401:432 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 401:432 In this study, potentiometric titration, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry were combined to characterize cell-surface chemical composition of demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. 24498144 10 0 contain contains 1420:1427 arg1 PCA 1415:1417 PCA 1415:1417 PCA 1415:1417 CONCLUSION The vocal cord abductor (PCA) contains a large proportion of fibers expressing MyHC-EO and is spared from muscle atrophy in ALI mice. 24498144 10 0 contain contains 1420:1427 arg2 proportion 1437:1446 a large proportion 1429:1446 a large proportion of fibers expressing MyHC-EO 1429:1475 CONCLUSION The vocal cord abductor (PCA) contains a large proportion of fibers expressing MyHC-EO and is spared from muscle atrophy in ALI mice. 24498144 10 0 contain contains 1420:1427 arg1 abductor 1405:1412 The vocal cord abductor 1390:1412 The vocal cord abductor (PCA) 1390:1418 CONCLUSION The vocal cord abductor (PCA) contains a large proportion of fibers expressing MyHC-EO and is spared from muscle atrophy in ALI mice. 24498144 7 1 theme ring 1015:1018 arg1 mediator 1054:1061 a known mediator 1046:1061 a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model 1046:1098 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 7 1 theme ring 1015:1018 arg1 MuRF1 1038:1042 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1) 984:1043 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1) 984:1043 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 0 2 with mice 84:87 arg1 injury 105:110 acute lung injury 94:110 acute lung injury 94:110 The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is spared from MuRF1-mediated muscle atrophy in mice with acute lung injury. 24498144 3 3 theme posterior 479:487 arg1 PCA 474:476 PCA 474:476 PCA 474:476 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 3 3 theme posterior 479:487 arg1 cricoarytenoid 489:502 posterior cricoarytenoid 479:502 posterior cricoarytenoid 479:502 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 1 4 theme critical 243:250 arg1 illness 252:258 this critical illness 238:258 this critical illness 238:258 BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting in acute lung injury (ALI) patients increases the morbidity and mortality associated with this critical illness. 24498144 7 5 theme ligase 1001:1006 arg1 mediator 1054:1061 a known mediator 1046:1061 a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model 1046:1098 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 7 5 theme ligase 1001:1006 arg1 MuRF1 1038:1042 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1) 984:1043 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1) 984:1043 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 12 6 theme ICU 1767:1769 arg1 survivors 1771:1779 ICU survivors 1767:1779 ICU survivors 1767:1779 Atrophy of the vocal cord adductor (CT) may contribute to the impaired voice and increased aspiration observed in ICU survivors. 24498144 7 7 theme E3 988:989 arg1 mediator 1054:1061 a known mediator 1046:1061 a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model 1046:1098 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 7 7 theme E3 988:989 arg1 MuRF1 1038:1042 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1) 984:1043 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1) 984:1043 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 7 8 theme known 1048:1052 arg1 mediator 1054:1061 a known mediator 1046:1061 a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model 1046:1098 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 7 8 theme known 1048:1052 arg1 MuRF1 1038:1042 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1) 984:1043 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1) 984:1043 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 10 9 theme vocal 1394:1398 arg1 PCA 1415:1417 PCA 1415:1417 PCA 1415:1417 CONCLUSION The vocal cord abductor (PCA) contains a large proportion of fibers expressing MyHC-EO and is spared from muscle atrophy in ALI mice. 24498144 10 9 theme vocal 1394:1398 arg1 abductor 1405:1412 The vocal cord abductor 1390:1412 The vocal cord abductor (PCA) 1390:1418 CONCLUSION The vocal cord abductor (PCA) contains a large proportion of fibers expressing MyHC-EO and is spared from muscle atrophy in ALI mice. 24498144 12 10 theme increased 1734:1742 arg1 aspiration 1744:1753 increased aspiration 1734:1753 increased aspiration 1734:1753 Atrophy of the vocal cord adductor (CT) may contribute to the impaired voice and increased aspiration observed in ICU survivors. 24498144 2 11 theme muscle 291:296 arg1 wasting 298:304 laryngeal muscle wasting 281:304 laryngeal muscle wasting 281:304 The contribution of laryngeal muscle wasting to these outcomes is unknown, though voice impairments and aspiration are common in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. 24498144 3 12 dep adductor 506:513 arg1 CT 516:517 CT 516:517 CT 516:517 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 9 13 theme MyHC 1296:1299 arg1 % 1281:1281 27% 1279:1281 27% of the total MyHC in the PCA, distributed as hybrid fibers throughout 72% of PCA muscle fibers 1279:1376 MyHC-Extraocular (MyHC-EO) comprised 27% of the total MyHC in the PCA, distributed as hybrid fibers throughout 72% of PCA muscle fibers. 24498144 9 13 theme MyHC 1296:1299 arg1 MyHC 1296:1299 the total MyHC 1286:1299 the total MyHC in the PCA, distributed as hybrid fibers throughout 72% of PCA muscle fibers 1286:1376 MyHC-Extraocular (MyHC-EO) comprised 27% of the total MyHC in the PCA, distributed as hybrid fibers throughout 72% of PCA muscle fibers. 24498144 13 14 theme wasting 1848:1854 arg1 diseases 1856:1863 systemic wasting diseases 1839:1863 systemic wasting diseases 1839:1863 Further evaluation of the sparing of muscles involved in systemic wasting diseases may lead to potential therapeutic targets for these illnesses. 24498144 5 15 theme chain 832:836 arg1 composition 845:855 myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition 819:855 myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition 819:855 Limb and intrinsic laryngeal muscles were analyzed for fiber size, type, protein expression and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition by SDS-PAGE and mass spectroscopy. 24498144 3 16 dep CT 516:517 arg1 cricothyroid 520:531 cricothyroid 520:531 cricothyroid 520:531 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 7 17 from model 1094:1098 arg1 mediator 1054:1061 a known mediator 1046:1061 a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model 1046:1098 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 7 17 from model 1094:1098 arg1 MuRF1 1038:1042 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1) 984:1043 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1) 984:1043 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 4 18 theme Escherichia 617:627 arg1 lipopolysaccharides 634:652 Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides 617:652 Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides 617:652 METHODS Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides were instilled into the lungs of adult male C57Bl6J mice (ALI mice). 24498144 0 19 theme muscle 66:71 arg1 atrophy 73:79 MuRF1-mediated muscle atrophy 51:79 MuRF1-mediated muscle atrophy in mice with acute lung injury 51:110 The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is spared from MuRF1-mediated muscle atrophy in mice with acute lung injury. 24498144 13 20 theme muscles 1819:1825 arg1 sparing 1808:1814 the sparing 1804:1814 the sparing of muscles involved in systemic wasting diseases 1804:1863 Further evaluation of the sparing of muscles involved in systemic wasting diseases may lead to potential therapeutic targets for these illnesses. 24498144 3 21 theme digitorum 558:566 arg1 EDL 544:546 EDL 544:546 EDL 544:546 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 3 21 theme digitorum 558:566 arg1 longus 568:573 extensor digitorum longus 549:573 extensor digitorum longus 549:573 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 8 22 theme Genetic 1156:1162 arg1 inhibition 1164:1173 Genetic inhibition 1156:1173 Genetic inhibition of MuRF1 1156:1182 Genetic inhibition of MuRF1 protected the CT and EDL from ALI-induced muscle atrophy. 24498144 3 23 from adductor 506:513 arg1 model 595:599 a mouse model 587:599 a mouse model of ALI 587:606 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 11 24 theme expression 1542:1551 arg1 lack 1528:1531 The lack 1524:1531 The lack of MuRF1 expression in the PCA 1524:1562 The lack of MuRF1 expression in the PCA suggests a previously unrecognized mechanism whereby this muscle is spared from atrophy. 24498144 12 25 theme adductor 1679:1686 arg1 Atrophy 1653:1659 Atrophy 1653:1659 Atrophy of the vocal cord adductor (CT) 1653:1691 Atrophy of the vocal cord adductor (CT) may contribute to the impaired voice and increased aspiration observed in ICU survivors. 24498144 1 26 theme lung 157:160 arg1 ALI 170:172 ALI 170:172 ALI 170:172 BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting in acute lung injury (ALI) patients increases the morbidity and mortality associated with this critical illness. 24498144 1 26 theme lung 157:160 arg1 injury 162:167 acute lung injury 151:167 acute lung injury (ALI) patients 151:182 BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting in acute lung injury (ALI) patients increases the morbidity and mortality associated with this critical illness. 24498144 6 27 theme muscle 907:912 arg1 atrophy 914:920 RESULTS Marked muscle atrophy 892:920 RESULTS Marked muscle atrophy 892:920 RESULTS Marked muscle atrophy occurred in the CT and EDL muscles, while the PCA was spared. 24498144 2 28 from survivors 416:424 arg1 common 380:385 common 380:385 common 380:385 The contribution of laryngeal muscle wasting to these outcomes is unknown, though voice impairments and aspiration are common in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. 24498144 10 29 theme muscle 1496:1501 arg1 atrophy 1503:1509 muscle atrophy 1496:1509 muscle atrophy 1496:1509 CONCLUSION The vocal cord abductor (PCA) contains a large proportion of fibers expressing MyHC-EO and is spared from muscle atrophy in ALI mice. 24498144 4 30 theme mice 706:709 arg1 lungs 678:682 the lungs 674:682 the lungs of adult male C57Bl6J mice (ALI mice) 674:720 METHODS Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides were instilled into the lungs of adult male C57Bl6J mice (ALI mice). 24498144 7 31 theme muscle 1071:1076 arg1 atrophy 1078:1084 limb muscle atrophy 1066:1084 limb muscle atrophy in this model 1066:1098 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 1 32 from wasting 140:146 arg1 patients 175:182 acute lung injury (ALI) patients 151:182 acute lung injury (ALI) patients 151:182 BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting in acute lung injury (ALI) patients increases the morbidity and mortality associated with this critical illness. 24498144 3 33 dep abductor 464:471 arg1 PCA 474:476 PCA 474:476 PCA 474:476 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 3 33 dep abductor 464:471 arg1 cricoarytenoid 489:502 posterior cricoarytenoid 479:502 posterior cricoarytenoid 479:502 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 6 34 theme RESULTS 892:898 arg1 atrophy 914:920 RESULTS Marked muscle atrophy 892:920 RESULTS Marked muscle atrophy 892:920 RESULTS Marked muscle atrophy occurred in the CT and EDL muscles, while the PCA was spared. 24498144 2 35 theme unit 405:408 arg1 survivors 416:424 intensive care unit (ICU) survivors 390:424 intensive care unit (ICU) survivors 390:424 The contribution of laryngeal muscle wasting to these outcomes is unknown, though voice impairments and aspiration are common in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. 24498144 4 36 theme ALI 712:714 arg1 mice 706:709 adult male C57Bl6J mice 687:709 adult male C57Bl6J mice (ALI mice) 687:720 METHODS Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides were instilled into the lungs of adult male C57Bl6J mice (ALI mice). 24498144 4 36 theme ALI 712:714 arg1 mice 716:719 ALI mice 712:719 ALI mice 712:719 METHODS Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides were instilled into the lungs of adult male C57Bl6J mice (ALI mice). 24498144 0 37 theme lung 100:103 arg1 injury 105:110 acute lung injury 94:110 acute lung injury 94:110 The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is spared from MuRF1-mediated muscle atrophy in mice with acute lung injury. 24498144 13 38 theme sparing 1808:1814 arg1 evaluation 1790:1799 Further evaluation 1782:1799 Further evaluation of the sparing of muscles involved in systemic wasting diseases 1782:1863 Further evaluation of the sparing of muscles involved in systemic wasting diseases may lead to potential therapeutic targets for these illnesses. 24498144 4 39 dep METHODS 609:615 arg1 instilled 659:667 instilled 659:667 were instilled into the lungs of adult male C57Bl6J mice (ALI mice) 654:720 METHODS Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides were instilled into the lungs of adult male C57Bl6J mice (ALI mice). 24498144 1 40 theme muscle 133:138 arg1 wasting 140:146 BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting 113:146 BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting in acute lung injury (ALI) patients 113:182 BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting in acute lung injury (ALI) patients increases the morbidity and mortality associated with this critical illness. 24498144 12 41 dep voice 1724:1728 arg1 the 1711:1713 the 1711:1713 the 1711:1713 Atrophy of the vocal cord adductor (CT) may contribute to the impaired voice and increased aspiration observed in ICU survivors. 24498144 5 42 theme intrinsic 732:740 arg1 muscles 752:758 Limb and intrinsic laryngeal muscles 723:758 muscles 752:758 Limb and intrinsic laryngeal muscles were analyzed for fiber size, type, protein expression and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition by SDS-PAGE and mass spectroscopy. 24498144 12 43 theme vocal 1668:1672 arg1 CT 1689:1690 CT 1689:1690 CT 1689:1690 Atrophy of the vocal cord adductor (CT) may contribute to the impaired voice and increased aspiration observed in ICU survivors. 24498144 12 43 theme vocal 1668:1672 arg1 adductor 1679:1686 the vocal cord adductor 1664:1686 the vocal cord adductor (CT) 1664:1691 Atrophy of the vocal cord adductor (CT) may contribute to the impaired voice and increased aspiration observed in ICU survivors. 24498144 9 44 theme muscle 1364:1369 arg1 fibers 1371:1376 PCA muscle fibers 1360:1376 PCA muscle fibers 1360:1376 MyHC-Extraocular (MyHC-EO) comprised 27% of the total MyHC in the PCA, distributed as hybrid fibers throughout 72% of PCA muscle fibers. 24498144 4 45 theme male 693:696 arg1 mice 706:709 adult male C57Bl6J mice 687:709 adult male C57Bl6J mice (ALI mice) 687:720 METHODS Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides were instilled into the lungs of adult male C57Bl6J mice (ALI mice). 24498144 4 45 theme male 693:696 arg1 mice 716:719 ALI mice 712:719 ALI mice 712:719 METHODS Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides were instilled into the lungs of adult male C57Bl6J mice (ALI mice). 24498144 0 46 theme cricoarytenoid 14:27 arg1 muscle 29:34 The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle 0:34 The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle 0:34 The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is spared from MuRF1-mediated muscle atrophy in mice with acute lung injury. 24498144 3 47 theme mouse 589:593 arg1 model 595:599 a mouse model 587:599 a mouse model of ALI 587:606 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 8 48 theme ALI-induced 1214:1224 arg1 atrophy 1233:1239 ALI-induced muscle atrophy 1214:1239 ALI-induced muscle atrophy 1214:1239 Genetic inhibition of MuRF1 protected the CT and EDL from ALI-induced muscle atrophy. 24498144 2 49 theme care 400:403 arg1 ICU 411:413 ICU 411:413 ICU 411:413 The contribution of laryngeal muscle wasting to these outcomes is unknown, though voice impairments and aspiration are common in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. 24498144 2 49 theme care 400:403 arg1 unit 405:408 intensive care unit 390:408 intensive care unit (ICU) survivors 390:424 The contribution of laryngeal muscle wasting to these outcomes is unknown, though voice impairments and aspiration are common in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. 24498144 5 50 theme Limb 723:726 arg1 muscles 752:758 Limb and intrinsic laryngeal muscles 723:758 muscles 752:758 Limb and intrinsic laryngeal muscles were analyzed for fiber size, type, protein expression and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition by SDS-PAGE and mass spectroscopy. 24498144 10 51 dep CONCLUSION 1379:1388 arg1 spared 1484:1489 spared 1484:1489 is spared from muscle atrophy in ALI mice 1481:1521 CONCLUSION The vocal cord abductor (PCA) contains a large proportion of fibers expressing MyHC-EO and is spared from muscle atrophy in ALI mice. 24498144 10 51 dep CONCLUSION 1379:1388 arg1 contains 1420:1427 contains 1420:1427 contains a large proportion of fibers expressing MyHC-EO 1420:1475 CONCLUSION The vocal cord abductor (PCA) contains a large proportion of fibers expressing MyHC-EO and is spared from muscle atrophy in ALI mice. 24498144 3 52 theme laryngeal 454:462 arg1 muscles 576:582 adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles 506:582 muscles 576:582 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 3 52 theme laryngeal 454:462 arg1 abductor 464:471 the intrinsic laryngeal abductor 440:471 the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid) 440:503 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 3 52 theme laryngeal 454:462 arg1 adductor 506:513 adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles 506:582 adductor 506:513 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 3 53 dep muscles 576:582 arg1 EDL 544:546 EDL 544:546 EDL 544:546 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 3 53 dep muscles 576:582 arg1 longus 568:573 extensor digitorum longus 549:573 extensor digitorum longus 549:573 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 10 54 theme ALI 1514:1516 arg1 mice 1518:1521 ALI mice 1514:1521 ALI mice 1514:1521 CONCLUSION The vocal cord abductor (PCA) contains a large proportion of fibers expressing MyHC-EO and is spared from muscle atrophy in ALI mice. 24498144 0 55 theme MuRF1-mediated 51:64 arg1 atrophy 73:79 MuRF1-mediated muscle atrophy 51:79 MuRF1-mediated muscle atrophy in mice with acute lung injury 51:110 The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is spared from MuRF1-mediated muscle atrophy in mice with acute lung injury. 24498144 13 56 dep potential 1877:1885 arg1 therapeutic 1887:1897 therapeutic 1887:1897 therapeutic 1887:1897 Further evaluation of the sparing of muscles involved in systemic wasting diseases may lead to potential therapeutic targets for these illnesses. 24498144 7 57 theme muscle 1008:1013 arg1 mediator 1054:1061 a known mediator 1046:1061 a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model 1046:1098 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 7 57 theme muscle 1008:1013 arg1 MuRF1 1038:1042 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1) 984:1043 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1) 984:1043 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 2 58 theme voice 343:347 arg1 impairments 349:359 voice impairments 343:359 voice impairments 343:359 The contribution of laryngeal muscle wasting to these outcomes is unknown, though voice impairments and aspiration are common in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. 24498144 3 59 from muscles 576:582 arg1 model 595:599 a mouse model 587:599 a mouse model of ALI 587:606 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 7 60 theme ubiquitin 991:999 arg1 mediator 1054:1061 a known mediator 1046:1061 a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model 1046:1098 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 7 60 theme ubiquitin 991:999 arg1 MuRF1 1038:1042 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1) 984:1043 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1) 984:1043 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 2 61 theme laryngeal 281:289 arg1 wasting 298:304 laryngeal muscle wasting 281:304 laryngeal muscle wasting 281:304 The contribution of laryngeal muscle wasting to these outcomes is unknown, though voice impairments and aspiration are common in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. 24498144 9 62 theme hybrid 1328:1333 arg1 fibers 1335:1340 hybrid fibers 1328:1340 hybrid fibers 1328:1340 MyHC-Extraocular (MyHC-EO) comprised 27% of the total MyHC in the PCA, distributed as hybrid fibers throughout 72% of PCA muscle fibers. 24498144 1 63 theme injury 162:167 arg1 patients 175:182 acute lung injury (ALI) patients 151:182 acute lung injury (ALI) patients 151:182 BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting in acute lung injury (ALI) patients increases the morbidity and mortality associated with this critical illness. 24498144 7 64 theme protein 1029:1035 arg1 mediator 1054:1061 a known mediator 1046:1061 a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model 1046:1098 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 7 64 theme protein 1029:1035 arg1 MuRF1 1038:1042 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1) 984:1043 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1) 984:1043 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 10 65 theme fibers 1451:1456 arg1 proportion 1437:1446 a large proportion 1429:1446 a large proportion of fibers expressing MyHC-EO 1429:1475 CONCLUSION The vocal cord abductor (PCA) contains a large proportion of fibers expressing MyHC-EO and is spared from muscle atrophy in ALI mice. 24498144 9 66 from PCA 1308:1310 arg1 % 1281:1281 27% 1279:1281 27% of the total MyHC in the PCA, distributed as hybrid fibers throughout 72% of PCA muscle fibers 1279:1376 MyHC-Extraocular (MyHC-EO) comprised 27% of the total MyHC in the PCA, distributed as hybrid fibers throughout 72% of PCA muscle fibers. 24498144 9 66 from PCA 1308:1310 arg1 MyHC 1296:1299 the total MyHC 1286:1299 the total MyHC in the PCA, distributed as hybrid fibers throughout 72% of PCA muscle fibers 1286:1376 MyHC-Extraocular (MyHC-EO) comprised 27% of the total MyHC in the PCA, distributed as hybrid fibers throughout 72% of PCA muscle fibers. 24498144 10 67 theme cord 1400:1403 arg1 PCA 1415:1417 PCA 1415:1417 PCA 1415:1417 CONCLUSION The vocal cord abductor (PCA) contains a large proportion of fibers expressing MyHC-EO and is spared from muscle atrophy in ALI mice. 24498144 10 67 theme cord 1400:1403 arg1 abductor 1405:1412 The vocal cord abductor 1390:1412 The vocal cord abductor (PCA) 1390:1418 CONCLUSION The vocal cord abductor (PCA) contains a large proportion of fibers expressing MyHC-EO and is spared from muscle atrophy in ALI mice. 24498144 12 68 theme impaired 1715:1722 arg1 voice 1724:1728 impaired voice 1715:1728 impaired voice 1715:1728 Atrophy of the vocal cord adductor (CT) may contribute to the impaired voice and increased aspiration observed in ICU survivors. 24498144 2 69 theme wasting 298:304 arg1 unknown 327:333 unknown 327:333 unknown 327:333 The contribution of laryngeal muscle wasting to these outcomes is unknown, though voice impairments and aspiration are common in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. 24498144 2 69 theme wasting 298:304 arg1 contribution 265:276 The contribution 261:276 The contribution of laryngeal muscle wasting to these outcomes 261:322 The contribution of laryngeal muscle wasting to these outcomes is unknown, though voice impairments and aspiration are common in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. 24498144 7 70 from mediator 1054:1061 arg1 model 1094:1098 this model 1089:1098 this model 1089:1098 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 5 71 theme myosin 819:824 arg1 chain 832:836 myosin heavy chain 819:836 myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition 819:855 Limb and intrinsic laryngeal muscles were analyzed for fiber size, type, protein expression and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition by SDS-PAGE and mass spectroscopy. 24498144 5 71 theme myosin 819:824 arg1 MyHC 839:842 MyHC 839:842 MyHC 839:842 Limb and intrinsic laryngeal muscles were analyzed for fiber size, type, protein expression and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition by SDS-PAGE and mass spectroscopy. 24498144 13 72 theme potential 1877:1885 arg1 targets 1899:1905 potential therapeutic targets 1877:1905 potential therapeutic targets for these illnesses 1877:1925 Further evaluation of the sparing of muscles involved in systemic wasting diseases may lead to potential therapeutic targets for these illnesses. 24498144 9 73 theme total 1290:1294 arg1 MyHC 1296:1299 the total MyHC 1286:1299 the total MyHC in the PCA, distributed as hybrid fibers throughout 72% of PCA muscle fibers 1286:1376 MyHC-Extraocular (MyHC-EO) comprised 27% of the total MyHC in the PCA, distributed as hybrid fibers throughout 72% of PCA muscle fibers. 24498144 0 74 from atrophy 73:79 arg1 mice 84:87 mice 84:87 mice with acute lung injury 84:110 The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is spared from MuRF1-mediated muscle atrophy in mice with acute lung injury. 24498144 7 75 theme limb 1066:1069 arg1 atrophy 1078:1084 limb muscle atrophy 1066:1084 limb muscle atrophy in this model 1066:1098 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 3 76 theme limb 538:541 arg1 muscles 576:582 adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles 506:582 muscles 576:582 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 3 76 theme limb 538:541 arg1 abductor 464:471 the intrinsic laryngeal abductor 440:471 the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid) 440:503 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 5 77 theme heavy 826:830 arg1 chain 832:836 myosin heavy chain 819:836 myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition 819:855 Limb and intrinsic laryngeal muscles were analyzed for fiber size, type, protein expression and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition by SDS-PAGE and mass spectroscopy. 24498144 5 77 theme heavy 826:830 arg1 MyHC 839:842 MyHC 839:842 MyHC 839:842 Limb and intrinsic laryngeal muscles were analyzed for fiber size, type, protein expression and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition by SDS-PAGE and mass spectroscopy. 24498144 7 78 from atrophy 1078:1084 arg1 model 1094:1098 this model 1089:1098 this model 1089:1098 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 11 79 theme unrecognized 1586:1597 arg1 mechanism 1599:1607 a previously unrecognized mechanism 1573:1607 a previously unrecognized mechanism whereby this muscle is spared from atrophy 1573:1650 The lack of MuRF1 expression in the PCA suggests a previously unrecognized mechanism whereby this muscle is spared from atrophy. 24498144 1 80 theme Skeletal 124:131 arg1 wasting 140:146 BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting 113:146 BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting in acute lung injury (ALI) patients 113:182 BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting in acute lung injury (ALI) patients increases the morbidity and mortality associated with this critical illness. 24498144 6 81 theme CT 938:939 arg1 muscles 949:955 the CT and EDL muscles 934:955 muscles 949:955 RESULTS Marked muscle atrophy occurred in the CT and EDL muscles, while the PCA was spared. 24498144 11 82 from lack 1528:1531 arg1 PCA 1560:1562 the PCA 1556:1562 the PCA 1556:1562 The lack of MuRF1 expression in the PCA suggests a previously unrecognized mechanism whereby this muscle is spared from atrophy. 24498144 3 83 theme extensor 549:556 arg1 EDL 544:546 EDL 544:546 EDL 544:546 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 3 83 theme extensor 549:556 arg1 longus 568:573 extensor digitorum longus 549:573 extensor digitorum longus 549:573 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 5 84 theme protein 796:802 arg1 expression 804:813 protein expression 796:813 protein expression 796:813 Limb and intrinsic laryngeal muscles were analyzed for fiber size, type, protein expression and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition by SDS-PAGE and mass spectroscopy. 24498144 1 85 theme BACKGROUND 113:122 arg1 wasting 140:146 BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting 113:146 BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting in acute lung injury (ALI) patients 113:182 BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting in acute lung injury (ALI) patients increases the morbidity and mortality associated with this critical illness. 24498144 7 86 theme atrophy 1078:1084 arg1 mediator 1054:1061 a known mediator 1046:1061 a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model 1046:1098 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 7 86 theme atrophy 1078:1084 arg1 MuRF1 1038:1042 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1) 984:1043 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1) 984:1043 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 1 87 theme acute 151:155 arg1 ALI 170:172 ALI 170:172 ALI 170:172 BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting in acute lung injury (ALI) patients increases the morbidity and mortality associated with this critical illness. 24498144 1 87 theme acute 151:155 arg1 injury 162:167 acute lung injury 151:167 acute lung injury (ALI) patients 151:182 BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting in acute lung injury (ALI) patients increases the morbidity and mortality associated with this critical illness. 24498144 0 88 theme acute 94:98 arg1 injury 105:110 acute lung injury 94:110 acute lung injury 94:110 The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is spared from MuRF1-mediated muscle atrophy in mice with acute lung injury. 24498144 13 89 theme systemic 1839:1846 arg1 diseases 1856:1863 systemic wasting diseases 1839:1863 systemic wasting diseases 1839:1863 Further evaluation of the sparing of muscles involved in systemic wasting diseases may lead to potential therapeutic targets for these illnesses. 24498144 6 90 theme Marked 900:905 arg1 atrophy 914:920 RESULTS Marked muscle atrophy 892:920 RESULTS Marked muscle atrophy 892:920 RESULTS Marked muscle atrophy occurred in the CT and EDL muscles, while the PCA was spared. 24498144 5 91 theme mass 873:876 arg1 spectroscopy 878:889 mass spectroscopy 873:889 mass spectroscopy 873:889 Limb and intrinsic laryngeal muscles were analyzed for fiber size, type, protein expression and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition by SDS-PAGE and mass spectroscopy. 24498144 4 92 theme C57Bl6J 698:704 arg1 mice 706:709 adult male C57Bl6J mice 687:709 adult male C57Bl6J mice (ALI mice) 687:720 METHODS Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides were instilled into the lungs of adult male C57Bl6J mice (ALI mice). 24498144 4 92 theme C57Bl6J 698:704 arg1 mice 716:719 ALI mice 712:719 ALI mice 712:719 METHODS Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides were instilled into the lungs of adult male C57Bl6J mice (ALI mice). 24498144 11 93 theme MuRF1 1536:1540 arg1 expression 1542:1551 MuRF1 expression 1536:1551 MuRF1 expression 1536:1551 The lack of MuRF1 expression in the PCA suggests a previously unrecognized mechanism whereby this muscle is spared from atrophy. 24498144 4 94 dep Escherichia 617:627 arg1 coli 629:632 coli 629:632 coli 629:632 METHODS Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides were instilled into the lungs of adult male C57Bl6J mice (ALI mice). 24498144 8 95 theme MuRF1 1178:1182 arg1 inhibition 1164:1173 Genetic inhibition 1156:1173 Genetic inhibition of MuRF1 1156:1182 Genetic inhibition of MuRF1 protected the CT and EDL from ALI-induced muscle atrophy. 24498144 10 96 theme large 1431:1435 arg1 proportion 1437:1446 a large proportion 1429:1446 a large proportion of fibers expressing MyHC-EO 1429:1475 CONCLUSION The vocal cord abductor (PCA) contains a large proportion of fibers expressing MyHC-EO and is spared from muscle atrophy in ALI mice. 24498144 0 97 theme posterior 4:12 arg1 muscle 29:34 The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle 0:34 The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle 0:34 The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is spared from MuRF1-mediated muscle atrophy in mice with acute lung injury. 24498144 12 98 theme cord 1674:1677 arg1 CT 1689:1690 CT 1689:1690 CT 1689:1690 Atrophy of the vocal cord adductor (CT) may contribute to the impaired voice and increased aspiration observed in ICU survivors. 24498144 12 98 theme cord 1674:1677 arg1 adductor 1679:1686 the vocal cord adductor 1664:1686 the vocal cord adductor (CT) 1664:1691 Atrophy of the vocal cord adductor (CT) may contribute to the impaired voice and increased aspiration observed in ICU survivors. 24498144 9 99 theme PCA 1360:1362 arg1 fibers 1371:1376 PCA muscle fibers 1360:1376 PCA muscle fibers 1360:1376 MyHC-Extraocular (MyHC-EO) comprised 27% of the total MyHC in the PCA, distributed as hybrid fibers throughout 72% of PCA muscle fibers. 24498144 12 100 located observed 1755:1762 arg2 voice 1724:1728 impaired voice 1715:1728 impaired voice 1715:1728 Atrophy of the vocal cord adductor (CT) may contribute to the impaired voice and increased aspiration observed in ICU survivors. 24498144 12 100 located observed 1755:1762 arg1 survivors 1771:1779 ICU survivors 1767:1779 ICU survivors 1767:1779 Atrophy of the vocal cord adductor (CT) may contribute to the impaired voice and increased aspiration observed in ICU survivors. 24498144 5 101 theme laryngeal 742:750 arg1 muscles 752:758 Limb and intrinsic laryngeal muscles 723:758 muscles 752:758 Limb and intrinsic laryngeal muscles were analyzed for fiber size, type, protein expression and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition by SDS-PAGE and mass spectroscopy. 24498144 9 102 theme fibers 1371:1376 arg1 % 1355:1355 72% 1353:1355 72% of PCA muscle fibers 1353:1376 MyHC-Extraocular (MyHC-EO) comprised 27% of the total MyHC in the PCA, distributed as hybrid fibers throughout 72% of PCA muscle fibers. 24498144 9 102 theme fibers 1371:1376 arg1 fibers 1371:1376 PCA muscle fibers 1360:1376 PCA muscle fibers 1360:1376 MyHC-Extraocular (MyHC-EO) comprised 27% of the total MyHC in the PCA, distributed as hybrid fibers throughout 72% of PCA muscle fibers. 24498144 4 103 theme adult 687:691 arg1 mice 706:709 adult male C57Bl6J mice 687:709 adult male C57Bl6J mice (ALI mice) 687:720 METHODS Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides were instilled into the lungs of adult male C57Bl6J mice (ALI mice). 24498144 4 103 theme adult 687:691 arg1 mice 716:719 ALI mice 712:719 ALI mice 712:719 METHODS Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides were instilled into the lungs of adult male C57Bl6J mice (ALI mice). 24498144 3 104 theme intrinsic 444:452 arg1 muscles 576:582 adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles 506:582 muscles 576:582 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 3 104 theme intrinsic 444:452 arg1 abductor 464:471 the intrinsic laryngeal abductor 440:471 the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid) 440:503 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 3 104 theme intrinsic 444:452 arg1 adductor 506:513 adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles 506:582 adductor 506:513 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 6 105 theme EDL 945:947 arg1 muscles 949:955 the CT and EDL muscles 934:955 muscles 949:955 RESULTS Marked muscle atrophy occurred in the CT and EDL muscles, while the PCA was spared. 24498144 2 106 theme intensive 390:398 arg1 ICU 411:413 ICU 411:413 ICU 411:413 The contribution of laryngeal muscle wasting to these outcomes is unknown, though voice impairments and aspiration are common in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. 24498144 2 106 theme intensive 390:398 arg1 unit 405:408 intensive care unit 390:408 intensive care unit (ICU) survivors 390:424 The contribution of laryngeal muscle wasting to these outcomes is unknown, though voice impairments and aspiration are common in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. 24498144 7 107 theme finger-1 1020:1027 arg1 mediator 1054:1061 a known mediator 1046:1061 a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model 1046:1098 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 7 107 theme finger-1 1020:1027 arg1 MuRF1 1038:1042 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1) 984:1043 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1) 984:1043 The E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 protein (MuRF1), a known mediator of limb muscle atrophy in this model, was upregulated in the CT and EDL, but not in the PCA. 24498144 9 108 from MyHC 1296:1299 arg1 PCA 1308:1310 the PCA 1304:1310 the PCA 1304:1310 MyHC-Extraocular (MyHC-EO) comprised 27% of the total MyHC in the PCA, distributed as hybrid fibers throughout 72% of PCA muscle fibers. 24498144 3 109 theme ALI 604:606 arg1 model 595:599 a mouse model 587:599 a mouse model of ALI 587:606 We evaluated the intrinsic laryngeal abductor (PCA, posterior cricoarytenoid), adductor (CT, cricothyroid) and limb (EDL, extensor digitorum longus) muscles in a mouse model of ALI. 24498144 8 110 theme muscle 1226:1231 arg1 atrophy 1233:1239 ALI-induced muscle atrophy 1214:1239 ALI-induced muscle atrophy 1214:1239 Genetic inhibition of MuRF1 protected the CT and EDL from ALI-induced muscle atrophy. 24498144 13 111 theme Further 1782:1788 arg1 evaluation 1790:1799 Further evaluation 1782:1799 Further evaluation of the sparing of muscles involved in systemic wasting diseases 1782:1863 Further evaluation of the sparing of muscles involved in systemic wasting diseases may lead to potential therapeutic targets for these illnesses. 24498144 2 112 from common 380:385 arg1 survivors 416:424 intensive care unit (ICU) survivors 390:424 intensive care unit (ICU) survivors 390:424 The contribution of laryngeal muscle wasting to these outcomes is unknown, though voice impairments and aspiration are common in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. 24498144 5 113 theme fiber 778:782 arg1 size 784:787 fiber size 778:787 fiber size 778:787 Limb and intrinsic laryngeal muscles were analyzed for fiber size, type, protein expression and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition by SDS-PAGE and mass spectroscopy. 24498144 9 114 from % 1281:1281 arg1 PCA 1308:1310 the PCA 1304:1310 the PCA 1304:1310 MyHC-Extraocular (MyHC-EO) comprised 27% of the total MyHC in the PCA, distributed as hybrid fibers throughout 72% of PCA muscle fibers. 25691917 11 0 theme enzyme 2018:2023 arg1 production 2025:2034 biomass-based enzyme production 2004:2034 biomass-based enzyme production 2004:2034 The sporulation regulator rca-1 was identified as beneficial for biomass-based enzyme production. 25691917 8 1 theme regulator 1483:1491 arg1 rca-1 1493:1497 the transcriptional regulator rca-1 1463:1497 the transcriptional regulator rca-1 1463:1497 Deletion of one BUS gene, the transcriptional regulator rca-1, significantly improved lignocellulase production using plant biomass as the sole carbon source, possibly functioning via de-repression of the regulator clr-2. 25691917 8 1 theme regulator 1483:1491 arg1 gene 1457:1460 one BUS gene 1449:1460 one BUS gene 1449:1460 Deletion of one BUS gene, the transcriptional regulator rca-1, significantly improved lignocellulase production using plant biomass as the sole carbon source, possibly functioning via de-repression of the regulator clr-2. 25691917 7 2 theme individual 1329:1338 arg1 xylan 1365:1369 xylan 1365:1369 xylan 1365:1369 Interestingly, 88 genes were only induced by plant biomass and not by three individual polysaccharides (Avicel, xylan, and pectin); these were denoted as the biomass unique set (BUS). 25691917 7 2 theme individual 1329:1338 arg1 pectin 1376:1381 pectin 1376:1381 pectin 1376:1381 Interestingly, 88 genes were only induced by plant biomass and not by three individual polysaccharides (Avicel, xylan, and pectin); these were denoted as the biomass unique set (BUS). 25691917 7 2 theme individual 1329:1338 arg1 Avicel 1357:1362 Avicel 1357:1362 Avicel 1357:1362 Interestingly, 88 genes were only induced by plant biomass and not by three individual polysaccharides (Avicel, xylan, and pectin); these were denoted as the biomass unique set (BUS). 25691917 7 2 theme individual 1329:1338 arg1 polysaccharides 1340:1354 three individual polysaccharides 1323:1354 three individual polysaccharides (Avicel, xylan, and pectin) 1323:1382 Interestingly, 88 genes were only induced by plant biomass and not by three individual polysaccharides (Avicel, xylan, and pectin); these were denoted as the biomass unique set (BUS). 25691917 9 3 theme plant 1765:1769 arg1 processes 1807:1815 plant biomass direct microbial conversion processes 1765:1815 plant biomass direct microbial conversion processes 1765:1815 Thus, this result suggests that rca-1 is a potential engineering target for biorefineries, especially for plant biomass direct microbial conversion processes. 25691917 10 4 theme Transcriptional 1830:1844 arg1 profiling 1846:1854 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional profiling 1818:1854 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional profiling 1818:1854 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional profiling revealed a large core response to different sources of plant biomass in N. crassa. 25691917 8 5 theme sole 1576:1579 arg1 source 1588:1593 the sole carbon source 1572:1593 the sole carbon source 1572:1593 Deletion of one BUS gene, the transcriptional regulator rca-1, significantly improved lignocellulase production using plant biomass as the sole carbon source, possibly functioning via de-repression of the regulator clr-2. 25691917 8 5 theme sole 1576:1579 arg1 biomass 1561:1567 plant biomass 1555:1567 plant biomass 1555:1567 Deletion of one BUS gene, the transcriptional regulator rca-1, significantly improved lignocellulase production using plant biomass as the sole carbon source, possibly functioning via de-repression of the regulator clr-2. 25691917 9 6 theme direct 1779:1784 arg1 processes 1807:1815 plant biomass direct microbial conversion processes 1765:1815 plant biomass direct microbial conversion processes 1765:1815 Thus, this result suggests that rca-1 is a potential engineering target for biorefineries, especially for plant biomass direct microbial conversion processes. 25691917 1 7 theme Crop 173:176 arg1 residue 178:184 BACKGROUND Crop residue 162:184 BACKGROUND Crop residue 162:184 BACKGROUND Crop residue is an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals. 25691917 1 7 theme Crop 173:176 arg1 worldwide 244:252 an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide 189:252 an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals 189:333 BACKGROUND Crop residue is an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals. 25691917 9 8 theme conversion 1796:1805 arg1 processes 1807:1815 plant biomass direct microbial conversion processes 1765:1815 plant biomass direct microbial conversion processes 1765:1815 Thus, this result suggests that rca-1 is a potential engineering target for biorefineries, especially for plant biomass direct microbial conversion processes. 25691917 10 9 theme large 1867:1871 arg1 response 1878:1885 a large core response 1865:1885 a large core response to different sources of plant biomass in N. crassa 1865:1936 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional profiling revealed a large core response to different sources of plant biomass in N. crassa. 25691917 11 10 theme regulator 1955:1963 arg1 rca-1 1965:1969 The sporulation regulator rca-1 1939:1969 The sporulation regulator rca-1 1939:1969 The sporulation regulator rca-1 was identified as beneficial for biomass-based enzyme production. 25691917 7 11 theme plant 1298:1302 arg1 biomass 1304:1310 plant biomass 1298:1310 plant biomass 1298:1310 Interestingly, 88 genes were only induced by plant biomass and not by three individual polysaccharides (Avicel, xylan, and pectin); these were denoted as the biomass unique set (BUS). 25691917 5 12 theme genes 1024:1028 arg1 proportion 968:977 A large proportion 960:977 A large proportion of induced carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) genes (82 out of 113) 960:1044 A large proportion of induced carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) genes (82 out of 113) were also conserved across the five plant straws. 25691917 3 13 theme Neurospora 562:571 arg1 crassa 573:578 Neurospora crassa 562:578 Neurospora crassa 562:578 In this study, the transcriptional responses of Neurospora crassa to various plant straws were analyzed using RNA-Seq, and novel beneficial factors for biomass-induced enzyme production were evaluated. 25691917 1 14 theme abundant 192:199 arg1 residue 178:184 BACKGROUND Crop residue 162:184 BACKGROUND Crop residue 162:184 BACKGROUND Crop residue is an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals. 25691917 1 14 theme abundant 192:199 arg1 worldwide 244:252 an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide 189:252 an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals 189:333 BACKGROUND Crop residue is an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals. 25691917 0 15 from residues 69:76 arg1 production 150:159 lignocellulase production 135:159 lignocellulase production 135:159 A transcriptomic analysis of Neurospora crassa using five major crop residues and the novel role of the sporulation regulator rca-1 in lignocellulase production. 25691917 6 16 theme no-carbon 1165:1173 arg1 conditions 1175:1184 no-carbon conditions 1165:1184 no-carbon conditions 1165:1184 Excluding 178 genes within the BICS that were also upregulated under no-carbon conditions, the remaining 252 genes were defined as the biomass regulon (BR). 25691917 10 17 theme different 1890:1898 arg1 sources 1900:1906 different sources 1890:1906 different sources of plant biomass in N. crassa 1890:1936 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional profiling revealed a large core response to different sources of plant biomass in N. crassa. 25691917 0 18 theme regulator 116:124 arg1 rca-1 126:130 the sporulation regulator rca-1 100:130 the sporulation regulator rca-1 100:130 A transcriptomic analysis of Neurospora crassa using five major crop residues and the novel role of the sporulation regulator rca-1 in lignocellulase production. 25691917 4 19 theme transcriptional 736:750 arg1 profiling 752:760 Comparative transcriptional profiling 724:760 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) 716:862 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 6 20 theme biomass 1231:1237 arg1 BR 1248:1249 BR 1248:1249 BR 1248:1249 Excluding 178 genes within the BICS that were also upregulated under no-carbon conditions, the remaining 252 genes were defined as the biomass regulon (BR). 25691917 6 20 theme biomass 1231:1237 arg1 regulon 1239:1245 the biomass regulon 1227:1245 the biomass regulon (BR) 1227:1250 Excluding 178 genes within the BICS that were also upregulated under no-carbon conditions, the remaining 252 genes were defined as the biomass regulon (BR). 25691917 6 20 theme biomass 1231:1237 arg1 genes 1205:1209 the remaining 252 genes 1187:1209 the remaining 252 genes 1187:1209 Excluding 178 genes within the BICS that were also upregulated under no-carbon conditions, the remaining 252 genes were defined as the biomass regulon (BR). 25691917 5 21 theme enzyme 1010:1015 arg1 genes 1024:1028 induced carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) genes 982:1028 induced carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) genes (82 out of 113) 982:1044 A large proportion of induced carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) genes (82 out of 113) were also conserved across the five plant straws. 25691917 3 22 theme plant 591:595 arg1 straws 597:602 various plant straws 583:602 various plant straws 583:602 In this study, the transcriptional responses of Neurospora crassa to various plant straws were analyzed using RNA-Seq, and novel beneficial factors for biomass-induced enzyme production were evaluated. 25691917 8 23 theme regulator 1642:1650 arg1 clr-2 1652:1656 the regulator clr-2 1638:1656 the regulator clr-2 1638:1656 Deletion of one BUS gene, the transcriptional regulator rca-1, significantly improved lignocellulase production using plant biomass as the sole carbon source, possibly functioning via de-repression of the regulator clr-2. 25691917 0 24 from role 92:95 arg1 production 150:159 lignocellulase production 135:159 lignocellulase production 135:159 A transcriptomic analysis of Neurospora crassa using five major crop residues and the novel role of the sporulation regulator rca-1 in lignocellulase production. 25691917 10 25 theme biomass 1917:1923 arg1 sources 1900:1906 different sources 1890:1906 different sources of plant biomass in N. crassa 1890:1936 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional profiling revealed a large core response to different sources of plant biomass in N. crassa. 25691917 5 26 theme CAZy 1018:1021 arg1 genes 1024:1028 induced carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) genes 982:1028 induced carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) genes (82 out of 113) 982:1044 A large proportion of induced carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) genes (82 out of 113) were also conserved across the five plant straws. 25691917 2 27 theme homogeneous 485:495 arg1 polysaccharides 497:511 homogeneous polysaccharides 485:511 homogeneous polysaccharides 485:511 However, the diverse chemical composition and complex structure of crop residues are more challenging for efficient degradation by microbes than are homogeneous polysaccharides. 25691917 0 28 theme major 58:62 arg1 residues 69:76 five major crop residues 53:76 five major crop residues 53:76 A transcriptomic analysis of Neurospora crassa using five major crop residues and the novel role of the sporulation regulator rca-1 in lignocellulase production. 25691917 0 28 theme major 58:62 arg1 rca-1 126:130 the sporulation regulator rca-1 100:130 the sporulation regulator rca-1 100:130 A transcriptomic analysis of Neurospora crassa using five major crop residues and the novel role of the sporulation regulator rca-1 in lignocellulase production. 25691917 1 29 theme chemicals 325:333 arg1 production 279:288 the microbial production 265:288 the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals 265:333 BACKGROUND Crop residue is an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals. 25691917 4 30 theme biomass 918:924 arg1 set 948:950 the biomass commonly induced core set 914:950 the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS) 914:957 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 4 30 theme biomass 918:924 arg1 genes 907:911 430 genes 903:911 430 genes 903:911 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 4 30 theme biomass 918:924 arg1 BICS 953:956 BICS 953:956 BICS 953:956 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 4 31 theme major 789:793 arg1 straws 800:805 five major crop straws 784:805 five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) 784:862 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 10 32 theme N. 1928:1929 arg1 crassa 1931:1936 N. crassa 1928:1936 N. crassa 1928:1936 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional profiling revealed a large core response to different sources of plant biomass in N. crassa. 25691917 7 33 dep polysaccharides 1340:1354 arg1 xylan 1365:1369 xylan 1365:1369 xylan 1365:1369 Interestingly, 88 genes were only induced by plant biomass and not by three individual polysaccharides (Avicel, xylan, and pectin); these were denoted as the biomass unique set (BUS). 25691917 7 33 dep polysaccharides 1340:1354 arg1 pectin 1376:1381 pectin 1376:1381 pectin 1376:1381 Interestingly, 88 genes were only induced by plant biomass and not by three individual polysaccharides (Avicel, xylan, and pectin); these were denoted as the biomass unique set (BUS). 25691917 7 33 dep polysaccharides 1340:1354 arg1 Avicel 1357:1362 Avicel 1357:1362 Avicel 1357:1362 Interestingly, 88 genes were only induced by plant biomass and not by three individual polysaccharides (Avicel, xylan, and pectin); these were denoted as the biomass unique set (BUS). 25691917 7 33 dep polysaccharides 1340:1354 arg1 polysaccharides 1340:1354 three individual polysaccharides 1323:1354 three individual polysaccharides (Avicel, xylan, and pectin) 1323:1382 Interestingly, 88 genes were only induced by plant biomass and not by three individual polysaccharides (Avicel, xylan, and pectin); these were denoted as the biomass unique set (BUS). 25691917 4 34 theme induced 935:941 arg1 set 948:950 the biomass commonly induced core set 914:950 the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS) 914:957 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 4 34 theme induced 935:941 arg1 genes 907:911 430 genes 903:911 430 genes 903:911 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 4 34 theme induced 935:941 arg1 BICS 953:956 BICS 953:956 BICS 953:956 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 2 35 theme complex 382:388 arg1 structure 390:398 complex structure 382:398 complex structure 382:398 However, the diverse chemical composition and complex structure of crop residues are more challenging for efficient degradation by microbes than are homogeneous polysaccharides. 25691917 4 36 theme crassa 768:773 arg1 profiling 752:760 Comparative transcriptional profiling 724:760 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) 716:862 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 2 37 theme residues 408:415 arg1 composition 366:376 diverse chemical composition 349:376 diverse chemical composition 349:376 However, the diverse chemical composition and complex structure of crop residues are more challenging for efficient degradation by microbes than are homogeneous polysaccharides. 25691917 2 37 theme residues 408:415 arg1 structure 390:398 complex structure 382:398 complex structure 382:398 However, the diverse chemical composition and complex structure of crop residues are more challenging for efficient degradation by microbes than are homogeneous polysaccharides. 25691917 10 38 from sources 1900:1906 arg1 crassa 1931:1936 N. crassa 1928:1936 N. crassa 1928:1936 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional profiling revealed a large core response to different sources of plant biomass in N. crassa. 25691917 7 39 theme biomass 1411:1417 arg1 BUS 1431:1433 BUS 1431:1433 BUS 1431:1433 Interestingly, 88 genes were only induced by plant biomass and not by three individual polysaccharides (Avicel, xylan, and pectin); these were denoted as the biomass unique set (BUS). 25691917 7 39 theme biomass 1411:1417 arg1 set 1426:1428 the biomass unique set 1407:1428 the biomass unique set (BUS) 1407:1434 Interestingly, 88 genes were only induced by plant biomass and not by three individual polysaccharides (Avicel, xylan, and pectin); these were denoted as the biomass unique set (BUS). 25691917 7 39 theme biomass 1411:1417 arg1 these 1385:1389 these 1385:1389 these 1385:1389 Interestingly, 88 genes were only induced by plant biomass and not by three individual polysaccharides (Avicel, xylan, and pectin); these were denoted as the biomass unique set (BUS). 25691917 1 40 theme BACKGROUND 162:171 arg1 residue 178:184 BACKGROUND Crop residue 162:184 BACKGROUND Crop residue 162:184 BACKGROUND Crop residue is an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals. 25691917 1 40 theme BACKGROUND 162:171 arg1 worldwide 244:252 an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide 189:252 an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals 189:333 BACKGROUND Crop residue is an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals. 25691917 1 41 theme enzymes 293:299 arg1 production 279:288 the microbial production 265:288 the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals 265:333 BACKGROUND Crop residue is an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals. 25691917 0 42 theme Neurospora 29:38 arg1 crassa 40:45 Neurospora crassa 29:45 Neurospora crassa 29:45 A transcriptomic analysis of Neurospora crassa using five major crop residues and the novel role of the sporulation regulator rca-1 in lignocellulase production. 25691917 3 43 theme novel 637:641 arg1 factors 654:660 novel beneficial factors 637:660 novel beneficial factors for biomass-induced enzyme production 637:698 In this study, the transcriptional responses of Neurospora crassa to various plant straws were analyzed using RNA-Seq, and novel beneficial factors for biomass-induced enzyme production were evaluated. 25691917 1 44 theme biofuels 302:309 arg1 production 279:288 the microbial production 265:288 the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals 265:333 BACKGROUND Crop residue is an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals. 25691917 5 45 theme carbohydrate-active 990:1008 arg1 genes 1024:1028 induced carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) genes 982:1028 induced carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) genes (82 out of 113) 982:1044 A large proportion of induced carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) genes (82 out of 113) were also conserved across the five plant straws. 25691917 9 46 theme engineering 1712:1722 arg1 target 1724:1729 a potential engineering target 1700:1729 a potential engineering target for biorefineries, especially for plant biomass direct microbial conversion processes 1700:1815 Thus, this result suggests that rca-1 is a potential engineering target for biorefineries, especially for plant biomass direct microbial conversion processes. 25691917 9 46 theme engineering 1712:1722 arg1 rca-1 1691:1695 rca-1 1691:1695 rca-1 1691:1695 Thus, this result suggests that rca-1 is a potential engineering target for biorefineries, especially for plant biomass direct microbial conversion processes. 25691917 4 47 theme China 810:814 arg1 straws 800:805 five major crop straws 784:805 five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) 784:862 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 1 48 theme plant 211:215 arg1 residue 178:184 BACKGROUND Crop residue 162:184 BACKGROUND Crop residue 162:184 BACKGROUND Crop residue is an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals. 25691917 1 48 theme plant 211:215 arg1 worldwide 244:252 an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide 189:252 an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals 189:333 BACKGROUND Crop residue is an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals. 25691917 8 49 theme BUS 1453:1455 arg1 rca-1 1493:1497 the transcriptional regulator rca-1 1463:1497 the transcriptional regulator rca-1 1463:1497 Deletion of one BUS gene, the transcriptional regulator rca-1, significantly improved lignocellulase production using plant biomass as the sole carbon source, possibly functioning via de-repression of the regulator clr-2. 25691917 8 49 theme BUS 1453:1455 arg1 gene 1457:1460 one BUS gene 1449:1460 one BUS gene 1449:1460 Deletion of one BUS gene, the transcriptional regulator rca-1, significantly improved lignocellulase production using plant biomass as the sole carbon source, possibly functioning via de-repression of the regulator clr-2. 25691917 3 50 theme biomass-induced 666:680 arg1 production 689:698 biomass-induced enzyme production 666:698 biomass-induced enzyme production 666:698 In this study, the transcriptional responses of Neurospora crassa to various plant straws were analyzed using RNA-Seq, and novel beneficial factors for biomass-induced enzyme production were evaluated. 25691917 2 51 theme diverse 349:355 arg1 composition 366:376 diverse chemical composition 349:376 diverse chemical composition 349:376 However, the diverse chemical composition and complex structure of crop residues are more challenging for efficient degradation by microbes than are homogeneous polysaccharides. 25691917 8 52 theme lignocellulase 1523:1536 arg1 production 1538:1547 lignocellulase production 1523:1547 lignocellulase production 1523:1547 Deletion of one BUS gene, the transcriptional regulator rca-1, significantly improved lignocellulase production using plant biomass as the sole carbon source, possibly functioning via de-repression of the regulator clr-2. 25691917 1 53 theme material 225:232 arg1 residue 178:184 BACKGROUND Crop residue 162:184 BACKGROUND Crop residue 162:184 BACKGROUND Crop residue is an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals. 25691917 1 53 theme material 225:232 arg1 worldwide 244:252 an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide 189:252 an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals 189:333 BACKGROUND Crop residue is an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals. 25691917 5 54 theme large 962:966 arg1 proportion 968:977 A large proportion 960:977 A large proportion of induced carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) genes (82 out of 113) 960:1044 A large proportion of induced carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) genes (82 out of 113) were also conserved across the five plant straws. 25691917 4 55 theme wheat 850:854 arg1 straws 856:861 wheat straws 850:861 wheat straws 850:861 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 8 56 theme transcriptional 1467:1481 arg1 rca-1 1493:1497 the transcriptional regulator rca-1 1463:1497 the transcriptional regulator rca-1 1463:1497 Deletion of one BUS gene, the transcriptional regulator rca-1, significantly improved lignocellulase production using plant biomass as the sole carbon source, possibly functioning via de-repression of the regulator clr-2. 25691917 8 56 theme transcriptional 1467:1481 arg1 gene 1457:1460 one BUS gene 1449:1460 one BUS gene 1449:1460 Deletion of one BUS gene, the transcriptional regulator rca-1, significantly improved lignocellulase production using plant biomass as the sole carbon source, possibly functioning via de-repression of the regulator clr-2. 25691917 3 57 theme transcriptional 533:547 arg1 responses 549:557 the transcriptional responses 529:557 the transcriptional responses of Neurospora crassa to various plant straws 529:602 In this study, the transcriptional responses of Neurospora crassa to various plant straws were analyzed using RNA-Seq, and novel beneficial factors for biomass-induced enzyme production were evaluated. 25691917 11 58 theme biomass-based 2004:2016 arg1 production 2025:2034 biomass-based enzyme production 2004:2034 biomass-based enzyme production 2004:2034 The sporulation regulator rca-1 was identified as beneficial for biomass-based enzyme production. 25691917 9 59 theme biomass 1771:1777 arg1 processes 1807:1815 plant biomass direct microbial conversion processes 1765:1815 plant biomass direct microbial conversion processes 1765:1815 Thus, this result suggests that rca-1 is a potential engineering target for biorefineries, especially for plant biomass direct microbial conversion processes. 25691917 10 60 theme CONCLUSIONS 1818:1828 arg1 profiling 1846:1854 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional profiling 1818:1854 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional profiling 1818:1854 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional profiling revealed a large core response to different sources of plant biomass in N. crassa. 25691917 6 61 theme remaining 1191:1199 arg1 genes 1205:1209 the remaining 252 genes 1187:1209 the remaining 252 genes 1187:1209 Excluding 178 genes within the BICS that were also upregulated under no-carbon conditions, the remaining 252 genes were defined as the biomass regulon (BR). 25691917 6 61 theme remaining 1191:1199 arg1 regulon 1239:1245 the biomass regulon 1227:1245 the biomass regulon (BR) 1227:1250 Excluding 178 genes within the BICS that were also upregulated under no-carbon conditions, the remaining 252 genes were defined as the biomass regulon (BR). 25691917 4 62 dep barley 817:822 arg1 corn 825:828 corn 825:828 corn 825:828 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 4 62 dep barley 817:822 arg1 straws 856:861 wheat straws 850:861 wheat straws 850:861 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 4 62 dep barley 817:822 arg1 soybean 837:843 soybean 837:843 soybean 837:843 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 4 62 dep barley 817:822 arg1 rice 831:834 rice 831:834 rice 831:834 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 9 63 theme potential 1702:1710 arg1 target 1724:1729 a potential engineering target 1700:1729 a potential engineering target for biorefineries, especially for plant biomass direct microbial conversion processes 1700:1815 Thus, this result suggests that rca-1 is a potential engineering target for biorefineries, especially for plant biomass direct microbial conversion processes. 25691917 9 63 theme potential 1702:1710 arg1 rca-1 1691:1695 rca-1 1691:1695 rca-1 1691:1695 Thus, this result suggests that rca-1 is a potential engineering target for biorefineries, especially for plant biomass direct microbial conversion processes. 25691917 9 64 theme microbial 1786:1794 arg1 processes 1807:1815 plant biomass direct microbial conversion processes 1765:1815 plant biomass direct microbial conversion processes 1765:1815 Thus, this result suggests that rca-1 is a potential engineering target for biorefineries, especially for plant biomass direct microbial conversion processes. 25691917 3 65 theme crassa 573:578 arg1 responses 549:557 the transcriptional responses 529:557 the transcriptional responses of Neurospora crassa to various plant straws 529:602 In this study, the transcriptional responses of Neurospora crassa to various plant straws were analyzed using RNA-Seq, and novel beneficial factors for biomass-induced enzyme production were evaluated. 25691917 8 66 theme carbon 1581:1586 arg1 source 1588:1593 the sole carbon source 1572:1593 the sole carbon source 1572:1593 Deletion of one BUS gene, the transcriptional regulator rca-1, significantly improved lignocellulase production using plant biomass as the sole carbon source, possibly functioning via de-repression of the regulator clr-2. 25691917 8 66 theme carbon 1581:1586 arg1 biomass 1561:1567 plant biomass 1555:1567 plant biomass 1555:1567 Deletion of one BUS gene, the transcriptional regulator rca-1, significantly improved lignocellulase production using plant biomass as the sole carbon source, possibly functioning via de-repression of the regulator clr-2. 25691917 4 67 dep China 810:814 arg1 barley 817:822 barley 817:822 barley 817:822 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 0 68 theme sporulation 104:114 arg1 rca-1 126:130 the sporulation regulator rca-1 100:130 the sporulation regulator rca-1 100:130 A transcriptomic analysis of Neurospora crassa using five major crop residues and the novel role of the sporulation regulator rca-1 in lignocellulase production. 25691917 11 69 theme sporulation 1943:1953 arg1 rca-1 1965:1969 The sporulation regulator rca-1 1939:1969 The sporulation regulator rca-1 1939:1969 The sporulation regulator rca-1 was identified as beneficial for biomass-based enzyme production. 25691917 0 70 theme rca-1 126:130 arg1 residues 69:76 five major crop residues 53:76 five major crop residues 53:76 A transcriptomic analysis of Neurospora crassa using five major crop residues and the novel role of the sporulation regulator rca-1 in lignocellulase production. 25691917 0 70 theme rca-1 126:130 arg1 rca-1 126:130 the sporulation regulator rca-1 100:130 the sporulation regulator rca-1 100:130 A transcriptomic analysis of Neurospora crassa using five major crop residues and the novel role of the sporulation regulator rca-1 in lignocellulase production. 25691917 0 70 theme rca-1 126:130 arg1 role 92:95 the novel role 82:95 the novel role of the sporulation regulator rca-1 in lignocellulase production 82:159 A transcriptomic analysis of Neurospora crassa using five major crop residues and the novel role of the sporulation regulator rca-1 in lignocellulase production. 25691917 4 71 theme genes 907:911 arg1 set 948:950 the biomass commonly induced core set 914:950 the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS) 914:957 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 4 71 theme genes 907:911 arg1 group 894:898 a highly overlapping group 873:898 a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS) 873:957 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 4 71 theme genes 907:911 arg1 genes 907:911 430 genes 903:911 430 genes 903:911 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 0 72 theme lignocellulase 135:148 arg1 production 150:159 lignocellulase production 135:159 lignocellulase production 135:159 A transcriptomic analysis of Neurospora crassa using five major crop residues and the novel role of the sporulation regulator rca-1 in lignocellulase production. 25691917 3 73 theme various 583:589 arg1 straws 597:602 various plant straws 583:602 various plant straws 583:602 In this study, the transcriptional responses of Neurospora crassa to various plant straws were analyzed using RNA-Seq, and novel beneficial factors for biomass-induced enzyme production were evaluated. 25691917 1 74 from use 258:260 arg1 production 279:288 the microbial production 265:288 the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals 265:333 BACKGROUND Crop residue is an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals. 25691917 4 75 theme Comparative 724:734 arg1 profiling 752:760 Comparative transcriptional profiling 724:760 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) 716:862 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 10 76 theme core 1873:1876 arg1 response 1878:1885 a large core response 1865:1885 a large core response to different sources of plant biomass in N. crassa 1865:1936 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional profiling revealed a large core response to different sources of plant biomass in N. crassa. 25691917 2 77 dep composition 366:376 arg1 the 345:347 the 345:347 the 345:347 However, the diverse chemical composition and complex structure of crop residues are more challenging for efficient degradation by microbes than are homogeneous polysaccharides. 25691917 4 78 theme overlapping 882:892 arg1 set 948:950 the biomass commonly induced core set 914:950 the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS) 914:957 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 4 78 theme overlapping 882:892 arg1 group 894:898 a highly overlapping group 873:898 a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS) 873:957 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 4 78 theme overlapping 882:892 arg1 genes 907:911 430 genes 903:911 430 genes 903:911 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 10 79 theme plant 1911:1915 arg1 biomass 1917:1923 plant biomass 1911:1923 plant biomass 1911:1923 CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional profiling revealed a large core response to different sources of plant biomass in N. crassa. 25691917 0 80 theme crop 64:67 arg1 residues 69:76 five major crop residues 53:76 five major crop residues 53:76 A transcriptomic analysis of Neurospora crassa using five major crop residues and the novel role of the sporulation regulator rca-1 in lignocellulase production. 25691917 0 80 theme crop 64:67 arg1 rca-1 126:130 the sporulation regulator rca-1 100:130 the sporulation regulator rca-1 100:130 A transcriptomic analysis of Neurospora crassa using five major crop residues and the novel role of the sporulation regulator rca-1 in lignocellulase production. 25691917 8 81 theme clr-2 1652:1656 arg1 de-repression 1621:1633 de-repression 1621:1633 de-repression of the regulator clr-2 1621:1656 Deletion of one BUS gene, the transcriptional regulator rca-1, significantly improved lignocellulase production using plant biomass as the sole carbon source, possibly functioning via de-repression of the regulator clr-2. 25691917 4 82 theme core 943:946 arg1 set 948:950 the biomass commonly induced core set 914:950 the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS) 914:957 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 4 82 theme core 943:946 arg1 genes 907:911 430 genes 903:911 430 genes 903:911 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 4 82 theme core 943:946 arg1 BICS 953:956 BICS 953:956 BICS 953:956 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 1 83 theme valuable 316:323 arg1 chemicals 325:333 valuable chemicals 316:333 valuable chemicals 316:333 BACKGROUND Crop residue is an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals. 25691917 0 84 theme novel 86:90 arg1 role 92:95 the novel role 82:95 the novel role of the sporulation regulator rca-1 in lignocellulase production 82:159 A transcriptomic analysis of Neurospora crassa using five major crop residues and the novel role of the sporulation regulator rca-1 in lignocellulase production. 25691917 4 85 dep RESULTS 716:722 arg1 profiling 752:760 Comparative transcriptional profiling 724:760 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) 716:862 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 4 86 theme crop 795:798 arg1 straws 800:805 five major crop straws 784:805 five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) 784:862 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 0 87 theme transcriptomic 2:15 arg1 analysis 17:24 A transcriptomic analysis 0:24 A transcriptomic analysis of Neurospora crassa using five major crop residues and the novel role of the sporulation regulator rca-1 in lignocellulase production. 0:160 A transcriptomic analysis of Neurospora crassa using five major crop residues and the novel role of the sporulation regulator rca-1 in lignocellulase production. 25691917 4 88 theme N. 765:766 arg1 crassa 768:773 N. crassa 765:773 N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) 765:862 RESULTS Comparative transcriptional profiling of N. crassa grown on five major crop straws of China (barley, corn, rice, soybean, and wheat straws) revealed a highly overlapping group of 430 genes, the biomass commonly induced core set (BICS). 25691917 2 89 theme chemical 357:364 arg1 composition 366:376 diverse chemical composition 349:376 diverse chemical composition 349:376 However, the diverse chemical composition and complex structure of crop residues are more challenging for efficient degradation by microbes than are homogeneous polysaccharides. 25691917 1 90 theme microbial 269:277 arg1 production 279:288 the microbial production 265:288 the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals 265:333 BACKGROUND Crop residue is an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals. 25691917 3 91 theme beneficial 643:652 arg1 factors 654:660 novel beneficial factors 637:660 novel beneficial factors for biomass-induced enzyme production 637:698 In this study, the transcriptional responses of Neurospora crassa to various plant straws were analyzed using RNA-Seq, and novel beneficial factors for biomass-induced enzyme production were evaluated. 25691917 2 92 theme crop 403:406 arg1 residues 408:415 crop residues 403:415 crop residues 403:415 However, the diverse chemical composition and complex structure of crop residues are more challenging for efficient degradation by microbes than are homogeneous polysaccharides. 25691917 0 93 theme crassa 40:45 arg1 analysis 17:24 A transcriptomic analysis 0:24 A transcriptomic analysis of Neurospora crassa using five major crop residues and the novel role of the sporulation regulator rca-1 in lignocellulase production. 0:160 A transcriptomic analysis of Neurospora crassa using five major crop residues and the novel role of the sporulation regulator rca-1 in lignocellulase production. 25691917 7 94 theme unique 1419:1424 arg1 BUS 1431:1433 BUS 1431:1433 BUS 1431:1433 Interestingly, 88 genes were only induced by plant biomass and not by three individual polysaccharides (Avicel, xylan, and pectin); these were denoted as the biomass unique set (BUS). 25691917 7 94 theme unique 1419:1424 arg1 set 1426:1428 the biomass unique set 1407:1428 the biomass unique set (BUS) 1407:1434 Interestingly, 88 genes were only induced by plant biomass and not by three individual polysaccharides (Avicel, xylan, and pectin); these were denoted as the biomass unique set (BUS). 25691917 7 94 theme unique 1419:1424 arg1 these 1385:1389 these 1385:1389 these 1385:1389 Interestingly, 88 genes were only induced by plant biomass and not by three individual polysaccharides (Avicel, xylan, and pectin); these were denoted as the biomass unique set (BUS). 25691917 5 95 theme plant 1082:1086 arg1 straws 1088:1093 the five plant straws 1073:1093 the five plant straws 1073:1093 A large proportion of induced carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) genes (82 out of 113) were also conserved across the five plant straws. 25691917 5 96 theme induced 982:988 arg1 genes 1024:1028 induced carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) genes 982:1028 induced carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) genes (82 out of 113) 982:1044 A large proportion of induced carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) genes (82 out of 113) were also conserved across the five plant straws. 25691917 2 97 theme efficient 442:450 arg1 degradation 452:462 efficient degradation 442:462 efficient degradation by microbes 442:474 However, the diverse chemical composition and complex structure of crop residues are more challenging for efficient degradation by microbes than are homogeneous polysaccharides. 25691917 3 98 theme enzyme 682:687 arg1 production 689:698 biomass-induced enzyme production 666:698 biomass-induced enzyme production 666:698 In this study, the transcriptional responses of Neurospora crassa to various plant straws were analyzed using RNA-Seq, and novel beneficial factors for biomass-induced enzyme production were evaluated. 25691917 8 99 theme gene 1457:1460 arg1 Deletion 1437:1444 Deletion 1437:1444 Deletion of one BUS gene, the transcriptional regulator rca-1, 1437:1498 Deletion of one BUS gene, the transcriptional regulator rca-1, significantly improved lignocellulase production using plant biomass as the sole carbon source, possibly functioning via de-repression of the regulator clr-2. 25691917 1 100 theme biomass 217:223 arg1 residue 178:184 BACKGROUND Crop residue 162:184 BACKGROUND Crop residue 162:184 BACKGROUND Crop residue is an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals. 25691917 1 100 theme biomass 217:223 arg1 worldwide 244:252 an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide 189:252 an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals 189:333 BACKGROUND Crop residue is an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals. 25691917 5 101 dep genes 1024:1028 arg1 113 1041:1043 113 1041:1043 113 1041:1043 A large proportion of induced carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) genes (82 out of 113) were also conserved across the five plant straws. 25691917 1 102 dep abundant 192:199 arg1 low-cost 202:209 low-cost 202:209 low-cost 202:209 BACKGROUND Crop residue is an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals. 25691917 8 103 theme plant 1555:1559 arg1 source 1588:1593 the sole carbon source 1572:1593 the sole carbon source 1572:1593 Deletion of one BUS gene, the transcriptional regulator rca-1, significantly improved lignocellulase production using plant biomass as the sole carbon source, possibly functioning via de-repression of the regulator clr-2. 25691917 8 103 theme plant 1555:1559 arg1 biomass 1561:1567 plant biomass 1555:1567 plant biomass 1555:1567 Deletion of one BUS gene, the transcriptional regulator rca-1, significantly improved lignocellulase production using plant biomass as the sole carbon source, possibly functioning via de-repression of the regulator clr-2. 25691917 1 104 theme available 234:242 arg1 residue 178:184 BACKGROUND Crop residue 162:184 BACKGROUND Crop residue 162:184 BACKGROUND Crop residue is an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals. 25691917 1 104 theme available 234:242 arg1 worldwide 244:252 an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide 189:252 an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals 189:333 BACKGROUND Crop residue is an abundant, low-cost plant biomass material available worldwide for use in the microbial production of enzymes, biofuels, and valuable chemicals. 29793324 0 0 theme Chinese 79:85 arg1 formula 97:103 a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula 65:103 a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula 65:103 Evaluation of the antithrombotic activity of Zhi-Xiong Capsules, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula, via the pathway of anti-coagulation, anti-platelet activation and anti-fibrinolysis. 29793324 0 0 theme Chinese 79:85 arg1 Capsules 55:62 Zhi-Xiong Capsules 45:62 Zhi-Xiong Capsules 45:62 Evaluation of the antithrombotic activity of Zhi-Xiong Capsules, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula, via the pathway of anti-coagulation, anti-platelet activation and anti-fibrinolysis. 29793324 1 1 theme empirical 325:333 arg1 prescription 335:346 an empirical prescription 322:346 an empirical prescription used in Chinese clinics applied for treating cerebral arteriosclerosis and blood-stasis in clinic 322:444 Zhi-Xiong Capsules (ZXC) involving Hirudo, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Leonurus artemisia, and Pueraria lobata, is an empirical prescription used in Chinese clinics applied for treating cerebral arteriosclerosis and blood-stasis in clinic. 29793324 1 1 theme empirical 325:333 arg1 Capsules 201:208 Zhi-Xiong Capsules 191:208 Zhi-Xiong Capsules (ZXC) involving Hirudo, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Leonurus artemisia, and Pueraria lobata, 191:317 Zhi-Xiong Capsules (ZXC) involving Hirudo, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Leonurus artemisia, and Pueraria lobata, is an empirical prescription used in Chinese clinics applied for treating cerebral arteriosclerosis and blood-stasis in clinic. 29793324 5 2 theme fibrinogen 1066:1075 arg1 content 1055:1061 the content 1051:1061 the content of fibrinogen (FIB) 1051:1081 ZXC prolonged the plasma recalcification time (PRT), the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), the thrombin time (TT) and the prothrombin time (PT) and clearly reduced the content of fibrinogen (FIB) obviously in the arterial thrombosis model. 29793324 4 3 theme antithrombotic 784:797 arg1 effect 799:804 the antithrombotic effect 780:804 the antithrombotic effect of ZXC, the arterial thrombosis model and a venous thrombosis model 780:872 Two animal models were used to evaluate the antithrombotic effect of ZXC, the arterial thrombosis model and a venous thrombosis model. 29793324 2 4 theme activity 492:499 arg1 mechanism 460:468 the mechanism 456:468 the mechanism of its antithrombotic activity 456:499 However, the mechanism of its antithrombotic activity has not been investigated until now. 29793324 8 5 theme multiple 1445:1452 arg1 targets 1454:1460 multiple targets 1445:1460 multiple targets 1445:1460 These results revealed that ZXC played a vital role in the prevention of thrombosis through interacting with multiple targets, including inhibition of coagulation and platelet aggregation and increasing thrombolysis. 29793324 8 5 theme multiple 1445:1452 arg1 inhibition 1473:1482 inhibition 1473:1482 inhibition of coagulation and platelet aggregation 1473:1522 These results revealed that ZXC played a vital role in the prevention of thrombosis through interacting with multiple targets, including inhibition of coagulation and platelet aggregation and increasing thrombolysis. 29793324 0 6 theme anti-fibrinolysis 172:188 arg1 pathway 114:120 the pathway 110:120 the pathway of anti-coagulation, anti-platelet activation and anti-fibrinolysis 110:188 Evaluation of the antithrombotic activity of Zhi-Xiong Capsules, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula, via the pathway of anti-coagulation, anti-platelet activation and anti-fibrinolysis. 29793324 9 7 theme compounds 1567:1575 arg1 total 1555:1559 A total 1553:1559 A total of 23 compounds 1553:1575 A total of 23 compounds were identified as the main components of ZXC by HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT TOF-MS. 29793324 9 7 theme compounds 1567:1575 arg1 components 1605:1614 the main components 1596:1614 the main components of ZXC 1596:1621 A total of 23 compounds were identified as the main components of ZXC by HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT TOF-MS. 29793324 9 8 theme main 1600:1603 arg1 total 1555:1559 A total 1553:1559 A total of 23 compounds 1553:1575 A total of 23 compounds were identified as the main components of ZXC by HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT TOF-MS. 29793324 9 8 theme main 1600:1603 arg1 components 1605:1614 the main components 1596:1614 the main components of ZXC 1596:1621 A total of 23 compounds were identified as the main components of ZXC by HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT TOF-MS. 29793324 0 9 theme Medicinal 87:95 arg1 formula 97:103 a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula 65:103 a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula 65:103 Evaluation of the antithrombotic activity of Zhi-Xiong Capsules, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula, via the pathway of anti-coagulation, anti-platelet activation and anti-fibrinolysis. 29793324 0 9 theme Medicinal 87:95 arg1 Capsules 55:62 Zhi-Xiong Capsules 45:62 Zhi-Xiong Capsules 45:62 Evaluation of the antithrombotic activity of Zhi-Xiong Capsules, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula, via the pathway of anti-coagulation, anti-platelet activation and anti-fibrinolysis. 29793324 6 10 theme 6-keto-PGF1a 1211:1222 arg1 level 1202:1206 the level 1198:1206 the level of 6-keto-PGF1a 1198:1222 Furthermore, it markedly suppressed the level of TXB2 and up-regulated the level of 6-keto-PGF1a. 29793324 3 11 from mechanism 616:624 arg1 action 650:655 anti-thrombus action 636:655 anti-thrombus action 636:655 The present study was designed to investigate its antithrombotic effects, the mechanism of ZXC on anti-thrombus action and to identify the main chemical composition of ZXC using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS. 29793324 1 12 theme Chinese 356:362 arg1 clinics 364:370 Chinese clinics 356:370 Chinese clinics applied for treating cerebral arteriosclerosis and blood-stasis in clinic 356:444 Zhi-Xiong Capsules (ZXC) involving Hirudo, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Leonurus artemisia, and Pueraria lobata, is an empirical prescription used in Chinese clinics applied for treating cerebral arteriosclerosis and blood-stasis in clinic. 29793324 4 13 theme venous 850:855 arg1 model 868:872 a venous thrombosis model 848:872 a venous thrombosis model 848:872 Two animal models were used to evaluate the antithrombotic effect of ZXC, the arterial thrombosis model and a venous thrombosis model. 29793324 4 13 theme venous 850:855 arg1 ZXC 809:811 ZXC 809:811 ZXC 809:811 Two animal models were used to evaluate the antithrombotic effect of ZXC, the arterial thrombosis model and a venous thrombosis model. 29793324 9 14 theme ZXC 1619:1621 arg1 total 1555:1559 A total 1553:1559 A total of 23 compounds 1553:1575 A total of 23 compounds were identified as the main components of ZXC by HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT TOF-MS. 29793324 9 14 theme ZXC 1619:1621 arg1 components 1605:1614 the main components 1596:1614 the main components of ZXC 1596:1621 A total of 23 compounds were identified as the main components of ZXC by HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT TOF-MS. 29793324 3 15 theme present 542:548 arg1 study 550:554 The present study 538:554 The present study 538:554 The present study was designed to investigate its antithrombotic effects, the mechanism of ZXC on anti-thrombus action and to identify the main chemical composition of ZXC using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS. 29793324 7 16 theme t-PA 1281:1284 arg1 level 1272:1276 the level 1268:1276 the level of t-PA 1268:1284 In addition, it significantly up-regulated the level of t-PA and down-regulated the level of PAI-1 (p < 0.05). 29793324 0 17 theme Traditional 67:77 arg1 formula 97:103 a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula 65:103 a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula 65:103 Evaluation of the antithrombotic activity of Zhi-Xiong Capsules, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula, via the pathway of anti-coagulation, anti-platelet activation and anti-fibrinolysis. 29793324 0 17 theme Traditional 67:77 arg1 Capsules 55:62 Zhi-Xiong Capsules 45:62 Zhi-Xiong Capsules 45:62 Evaluation of the antithrombotic activity of Zhi-Xiong Capsules, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula, via the pathway of anti-coagulation, anti-platelet activation and anti-fibrinolysis. 29793324 5 18 theme activated 932:940 arg1 APTT 971:974 APTT 971:974 APTT 971:974 ZXC prolonged the plasma recalcification time (PRT), the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), the thrombin time (TT) and the prothrombin time (PT) and clearly reduced the content of fibrinogen (FIB) obviously in the arterial thrombosis model. 29793324 5 18 theme activated 932:940 arg1 time 965:968 the activated partial thromboplastin time 928:968 the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) 928:975 ZXC prolonged the plasma recalcification time (PRT), the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), the thrombin time (TT) and the prothrombin time (PT) and clearly reduced the content of fibrinogen (FIB) obviously in the arterial thrombosis model. 29793324 1 19 theme Zhi-Xiong 191:199 arg1 prescription 335:346 an empirical prescription 322:346 an empirical prescription used in Chinese clinics applied for treating cerebral arteriosclerosis and blood-stasis in clinic 322:444 Zhi-Xiong Capsules (ZXC) involving Hirudo, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Leonurus artemisia, and Pueraria lobata, is an empirical prescription used in Chinese clinics applied for treating cerebral arteriosclerosis and blood-stasis in clinic. 29793324 1 19 theme Zhi-Xiong 191:199 arg1 ZXC 211:213 ZXC 211:213 ZXC 211:213 Zhi-Xiong Capsules (ZXC) involving Hirudo, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Leonurus artemisia, and Pueraria lobata, is an empirical prescription used in Chinese clinics applied for treating cerebral arteriosclerosis and blood-stasis in clinic. 29793324 1 19 theme Zhi-Xiong 191:199 arg1 Capsules 201:208 Zhi-Xiong Capsules 191:208 Zhi-Xiong Capsules (ZXC) involving Hirudo, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Leonurus artemisia, and Pueraria lobata, 191:317 Zhi-Xiong Capsules (ZXC) involving Hirudo, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Leonurus artemisia, and Pueraria lobata, is an empirical prescription used in Chinese clinics applied for treating cerebral arteriosclerosis and blood-stasis in clinic. 29793324 8 20 theme coagulation 1487:1497 arg1 inhibition 1473:1482 inhibition 1473:1482 inhibition of coagulation and platelet aggregation 1473:1522 These results revealed that ZXC played a vital role in the prevention of thrombosis through interacting with multiple targets, including inhibition of coagulation and platelet aggregation and increasing thrombolysis. 29793324 4 21 theme thrombosis 857:866 arg1 model 868:872 a venous thrombosis model 848:872 a venous thrombosis model 848:872 Two animal models were used to evaluate the antithrombotic effect of ZXC, the arterial thrombosis model and a venous thrombosis model. 29793324 4 21 theme thrombosis 857:866 arg1 ZXC 809:811 ZXC 809:811 ZXC 809:811 Two animal models were used to evaluate the antithrombotic effect of ZXC, the arterial thrombosis model and a venous thrombosis model. 29793324 5 22 theme prothrombin 1009:1019 arg1 PT 1027:1028 PT 1027:1028 PT 1027:1028 ZXC prolonged the plasma recalcification time (PRT), the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), the thrombin time (TT) and the prothrombin time (PT) and clearly reduced the content of fibrinogen (FIB) obviously in the arterial thrombosis model. 29793324 5 22 theme prothrombin 1009:1019 arg1 time 1021:1024 the prothrombin time 1005:1024 the prothrombin time (PT) 1005:1029 ZXC prolonged the plasma recalcification time (PRT), the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), the thrombin time (TT) and the prothrombin time (PT) and clearly reduced the content of fibrinogen (FIB) obviously in the arterial thrombosis model. 29793324 0 23 theme antithrombotic 18:31 arg1 activity 33:40 the antithrombotic activity 14:40 the antithrombotic activity of Zhi-Xiong Capsules, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula, 14:104 Evaluation of the antithrombotic activity of Zhi-Xiong Capsules, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula, via the pathway of anti-coagulation, anti-platelet activation and anti-fibrinolysis. 29793324 5 24 theme thromboplastin 950:963 arg1 APTT 971:974 APTT 971:974 APTT 971:974 ZXC prolonged the plasma recalcification time (PRT), the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), the thrombin time (TT) and the prothrombin time (PT) and clearly reduced the content of fibrinogen (FIB) obviously in the arterial thrombosis model. 29793324 5 24 theme thromboplastin 950:963 arg1 time 965:968 the activated partial thromboplastin time 928:968 the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) 928:975 ZXC prolonged the plasma recalcification time (PRT), the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), the thrombin time (TT) and the prothrombin time (PT) and clearly reduced the content of fibrinogen (FIB) obviously in the arterial thrombosis model. 29793324 5 25 theme partial 942:948 arg1 APTT 971:974 APTT 971:974 APTT 971:974 ZXC prolonged the plasma recalcification time (PRT), the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), the thrombin time (TT) and the prothrombin time (PT) and clearly reduced the content of fibrinogen (FIB) obviously in the arterial thrombosis model. 29793324 5 25 theme partial 942:948 arg1 time 965:968 the activated partial thromboplastin time 928:968 the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) 928:975 ZXC prolonged the plasma recalcification time (PRT), the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), the thrombin time (TT) and the prothrombin time (PT) and clearly reduced the content of fibrinogen (FIB) obviously in the arterial thrombosis model. 29793324 8 26 theme platelet 1503:1510 arg1 aggregation 1512:1522 platelet aggregation 1503:1522 platelet aggregation 1503:1522 These results revealed that ZXC played a vital role in the prevention of thrombosis through interacting with multiple targets, including inhibition of coagulation and platelet aggregation and increasing thrombolysis. 29793324 8 27 theme vital 1377:1381 arg1 role 1383:1386 a vital role 1375:1386 a vital role 1375:1386 These results revealed that ZXC played a vital role in the prevention of thrombosis through interacting with multiple targets, including inhibition of coagulation and platelet aggregation and increasing thrombolysis. 29793324 2 28 theme antithrombotic 477:490 arg1 activity 492:499 its antithrombotic activity 473:499 its antithrombotic activity 473:499 However, the mechanism of its antithrombotic activity has not been investigated until now. 29793324 0 29 theme anti-coagulation 125:140 arg1 pathway 114:120 the pathway 110:120 the pathway of anti-coagulation, anti-platelet activation and anti-fibrinolysis 110:188 Evaluation of the antithrombotic activity of Zhi-Xiong Capsules, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula, via the pathway of anti-coagulation, anti-platelet activation and anti-fibrinolysis. 29793324 9 30 theme HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT 1626:1640 arg1 TOF-MS 1642:1647 HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT TOF-MS 1626:1647 HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT TOF-MS 1626:1647 A total of 23 compounds were identified as the main components of ZXC by HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT TOF-MS. 29793324 4 31 theme thrombosis 827:836 arg1 model 838:842 the arterial thrombosis model 814:842 the arterial thrombosis model 814:842 Two animal models were used to evaluate the antithrombotic effect of ZXC, the arterial thrombosis model and a venous thrombosis model. 29793324 4 31 theme thrombosis 827:836 arg1 ZXC 809:811 ZXC 809:811 ZXC 809:811 Two animal models were used to evaluate the antithrombotic effect of ZXC, the arterial thrombosis model and a venous thrombosis model. 29793324 0 32 theme activity 33:40 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of the antithrombotic activity of Zhi-Xiong Capsules, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula, via the pathway of anti-coagulation, anti-platelet activation and anti-fibrinolysis. 0:189 Evaluation of the antithrombotic activity of Zhi-Xiong Capsules, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula, via the pathway of anti-coagulation, anti-platelet activation and anti-fibrinolysis. 29793324 1 33 theme cerebral 393:400 arg1 arteriosclerosis 402:417 cerebral arteriosclerosis 393:417 cerebral arteriosclerosis 393:417 Zhi-Xiong Capsules (ZXC) involving Hirudo, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Leonurus artemisia, and Pueraria lobata, is an empirical prescription used in Chinese clinics applied for treating cerebral arteriosclerosis and blood-stasis in clinic. 29793324 4 34 theme arterial 818:825 arg1 model 838:842 the arterial thrombosis model 814:842 the arterial thrombosis model 814:842 Two animal models were used to evaluate the antithrombotic effect of ZXC, the arterial thrombosis model and a venous thrombosis model. 29793324 4 34 theme arterial 818:825 arg1 ZXC 809:811 ZXC 809:811 ZXC 809:811 Two animal models were used to evaluate the antithrombotic effect of ZXC, the arterial thrombosis model and a venous thrombosis model. 29793324 0 35 theme Capsules 55:62 arg1 activity 33:40 the antithrombotic activity 14:40 the antithrombotic activity of Zhi-Xiong Capsules, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula, 14:104 Evaluation of the antithrombotic activity of Zhi-Xiong Capsules, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula, via the pathway of anti-coagulation, anti-platelet activation and anti-fibrinolysis. 29793324 8 36 theme aggregation 1512:1522 arg1 inhibition 1473:1482 inhibition 1473:1482 inhibition of coagulation and platelet aggregation 1473:1522 These results revealed that ZXC played a vital role in the prevention of thrombosis through interacting with multiple targets, including inhibition of coagulation and platelet aggregation and increasing thrombolysis. 29793324 0 37 theme anti-platelet 143:155 arg1 activation 157:166 anti-platelet activation 143:166 anti-platelet activation 143:166 Evaluation of the antithrombotic activity of Zhi-Xiong Capsules, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula, via the pathway of anti-coagulation, anti-platelet activation and anti-fibrinolysis. 29793324 3 38 theme antithrombotic 588:601 arg1 effects 603:609 its antithrombotic effects 584:609 its antithrombotic effects 584:609 The present study was designed to investigate its antithrombotic effects, the mechanism of ZXC on anti-thrombus action and to identify the main chemical composition of ZXC using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS. 29793324 0 39 theme Zhi-Xiong 45:53 arg1 formula 97:103 a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula 65:103 a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula 65:103 Evaluation of the antithrombotic activity of Zhi-Xiong Capsules, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula, via the pathway of anti-coagulation, anti-platelet activation and anti-fibrinolysis. 29793324 0 39 theme Zhi-Xiong 45:53 arg1 Capsules 55:62 Zhi-Xiong Capsules 45:62 Zhi-Xiong Capsules 45:62 Evaluation of the antithrombotic activity of Zhi-Xiong Capsules, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula, via the pathway of anti-coagulation, anti-platelet activation and anti-fibrinolysis. 29793324 5 40 theme arterial 1100:1107 arg1 model 1120:1124 the arterial thrombosis model 1096:1124 the arterial thrombosis model 1096:1124 ZXC prolonged the plasma recalcification time (PRT), the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), the thrombin time (TT) and the prothrombin time (PT) and clearly reduced the content of fibrinogen (FIB) obviously in the arterial thrombosis model. 29793324 3 41 theme main 677:680 arg1 composition 691:701 the main chemical composition 673:701 the main chemical composition of ZXC using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS 673:737 The present study was designed to investigate its antithrombotic effects, the mechanism of ZXC on anti-thrombus action and to identify the main chemical composition of ZXC using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS. 29793324 7 42 theme PAI-1 1318:1322 arg1 level 1309:1313 the level 1305:1313 the level of PAI-1 (p < 0.05) 1305:1333 In addition, it significantly up-regulated the level of t-PA and down-regulated the level of PAI-1 (p < 0.05). 29793324 3 43 theme anti-thrombus 636:648 arg1 action 650:655 anti-thrombus action 636:655 anti-thrombus action 636:655 The present study was designed to investigate its antithrombotic effects, the mechanism of ZXC on anti-thrombus action and to identify the main chemical composition of ZXC using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS. 29793324 5 44 theme thrombosis 1109:1118 arg1 model 1120:1124 the arterial thrombosis model 1096:1124 the arterial thrombosis model 1096:1124 ZXC prolonged the plasma recalcification time (PRT), the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), the thrombin time (TT) and the prothrombin time (PT) and clearly reduced the content of fibrinogen (FIB) obviously in the arterial thrombosis model. 29793324 3 45 theme chemical 682:689 arg1 composition 691:701 the main chemical composition 673:701 the main chemical composition of ZXC using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS 673:737 The present study was designed to investigate its antithrombotic effects, the mechanism of ZXC on anti-thrombus action and to identify the main chemical composition of ZXC using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS. 29793324 3 46 theme ZXC 629:631 arg1 mechanism 616:624 the mechanism 612:624 the mechanism of ZXC on anti-thrombus action 612:655 The present study was designed to investigate its antithrombotic effects, the mechanism of ZXC on anti-thrombus action and to identify the main chemical composition of ZXC using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS. 29793324 6 47 theme TXB2 1176:1179 arg1 level 1167:1171 the level 1163:1171 the level of TXB2 1163:1179 Furthermore, it markedly suppressed the level of TXB2 and up-regulated the level of 6-keto-PGF1a. 29793324 4 48 theme animal 744:749 arg1 models 751:756 Two animal models 740:756 Two animal models 740:756 Two animal models were used to evaluate the antithrombotic effect of ZXC, the arterial thrombosis model and a venous thrombosis model. 29793324 0 49 theme activation 157:166 arg1 pathway 114:120 the pathway 110:120 the pathway of anti-coagulation, anti-platelet activation and anti-fibrinolysis 110:188 Evaluation of the antithrombotic activity of Zhi-Xiong Capsules, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formula, via the pathway of anti-coagulation, anti-platelet activation and anti-fibrinolysis. 29793324 8 50 theme thrombosis 1409:1418 arg1 prevention 1395:1404 the prevention 1391:1404 the prevention of thrombosis 1391:1418 These results revealed that ZXC played a vital role in the prevention of thrombosis through interacting with multiple targets, including inhibition of coagulation and platelet aggregation and increasing thrombolysis. 29793324 5 51 theme thrombin 982:989 arg1 time 991:994 the thrombin time 978:994 the thrombin time (TT) 978:999 ZXC prolonged the plasma recalcification time (PRT), the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), the thrombin time (TT) and the prothrombin time (PT) and clearly reduced the content of fibrinogen (FIB) obviously in the arterial thrombosis model. 29793324 5 51 theme thrombin 982:989 arg1 TT 997:998 TT 997:998 TT 997:998 ZXC prolonged the plasma recalcification time (PRT), the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), the thrombin time (TT) and the prothrombin time (PT) and clearly reduced the content of fibrinogen (FIB) obviously in the arterial thrombosis model. 29793324 4 52 theme ZXC 809:811 arg1 effect 799:804 the antithrombotic effect 780:804 the antithrombotic effect of ZXC, the arterial thrombosis model and a venous thrombosis model 780:872 Two animal models were used to evaluate the antithrombotic effect of ZXC, the arterial thrombosis model and a venous thrombosis model. 29793324 5 53 theme plasma 893:898 arg1 time 916:919 the plasma recalcification time 889:919 the plasma recalcification time (PRT) 889:925 ZXC prolonged the plasma recalcification time (PRT), the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), the thrombin time (TT) and the prothrombin time (PT) and clearly reduced the content of fibrinogen (FIB) obviously in the arterial thrombosis model. 29793324 5 53 theme plasma 893:898 arg1 PRT 922:924 PRT 922:924 PRT 922:924 ZXC prolonged the plasma recalcification time (PRT), the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), the thrombin time (TT) and the prothrombin time (PT) and clearly reduced the content of fibrinogen (FIB) obviously in the arterial thrombosis model. 29793324 3 54 theme ZXC 706:708 arg1 composition 691:701 the main chemical composition 673:701 the main chemical composition of ZXC using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS 673:737 The present study was designed to investigate its antithrombotic effects, the mechanism of ZXC on anti-thrombus action and to identify the main chemical composition of ZXC using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS. 29793324 1 55 from blood-stasis 423:434 arg1 clinic 439:444 clinic 439:444 clinic 439:444 Zhi-Xiong Capsules (ZXC) involving Hirudo, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Leonurus artemisia, and Pueraria lobata, is an empirical prescription used in Chinese clinics applied for treating cerebral arteriosclerosis and blood-stasis in clinic. 29793324 5 56 theme recalcification 900:914 arg1 time 916:919 the plasma recalcification time 889:919 the plasma recalcification time (PRT) 889:925 ZXC prolonged the plasma recalcification time (PRT), the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), the thrombin time (TT) and the prothrombin time (PT) and clearly reduced the content of fibrinogen (FIB) obviously in the arterial thrombosis model. 29793324 5 56 theme recalcification 900:914 arg1 PRT 922:924 PRT 922:924 PRT 922:924 ZXC prolonged the plasma recalcification time (PRT), the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), the thrombin time (TT) and the prothrombin time (PT) and clearly reduced the content of fibrinogen (FIB) obviously in the arterial thrombosis model. 29793324 4 57 used used 763:766 arg2 models 751:756 Two animal models 740:756 Two animal models 740:756 Two animal models were used to evaluate the antithrombotic effect of ZXC, the arterial thrombosis model and a venous thrombosis model. 29793324 1 58 from arteriosclerosis 402:417 arg1 clinic 439:444 clinic 439:444 clinic 439:444 Zhi-Xiong Capsules (ZXC) involving Hirudo, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Leonurus artemisia, and Pueraria lobata, is an empirical prescription used in Chinese clinics applied for treating cerebral arteriosclerosis and blood-stasis in clinic. 28766870 4 0 theme xenograft 885:893 arg1 cells 895:899 patient-derived xenograft cells 869:899 patient-derived xenograft cells 869:899 Here, hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are used to examine the synergies between microenvironmental factors and a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) using patient-derived xenograft cells. 28766870 8 1 theme acid 1623:1626 arg1 synthesis 1628:1636 soluble hyaluronic acid synthesis 1604:1636 soluble hyaluronic acid synthesis 1604:1636 While constitutively activated EGFRvIII cells are sensitive to TKI in gelatin hydrogels, hyaluronic acid mediated adhesive signaling interacts with EGFRvIII signaling to increase cell metabolic activity, increase soluble hyaluronic acid synthesis, and modify response to erlotinib exposure. 28766870 6 2 theme matrix-immobilized 1176:1193 arg1 HA 1195:1196 matrix-immobilized HA 1176:1196 matrix-immobilized HA 1176:1196 GelMA hydrogels support xenograft culture; cells remain viable, active, respond to matrix-immobilized HA, and upregulate genes associated with matrix remodeling and tumor growth. 28766870 2 3 theme Glioblastoma 306:317 arg1 tumors 325:330 Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors 306:330 Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors 306:330 Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are highly heterogeneous, with both cell composition and extracellular matrix biophysical factors seen as key regulators of malignant phenotype and treatment outcomes. 28766870 1 4 theme patient-derived 283:297 arg1 cells 299:303 patient-derived cells 283:303 patient-derived cells 283:303 3D biomaterial models have potential to explore the influence of the tumor microenvironment on aberrant signaling pathways and compensatory signals using patient-derived cells. 28766870 4 5 theme acid 669:672 arg1 hydrogels 735:743 hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels 658:743 hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels 658:743 Here, hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are used to examine the synergies between microenvironmental factors and a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) using patient-derived xenograft cells. 28766870 1 6 contain have 151:154 arg2 potential 156:164 potential 156:164 potential to explore the influence of the tumor microenvironment on aberrant signaling pathways and compensatory signals using patient-derived cells 156:303 3D biomaterial models have potential to explore the influence of the tumor microenvironment on aberrant signaling pathways and compensatory signals using patient-derived cells. 28766870 1 6 contain have 151:154 arg1 models 144:149 3D biomaterial models 129:149 3D biomaterial models 129:149 3D biomaterial models have potential to explore the influence of the tumor microenvironment on aberrant signaling pathways and compensatory signals using patient-derived cells. 28766870 3 7 theme factor 568:573 arg1 receptor 575:582 epidermal growth factor receptor 551:582 the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase 547:605 Amplification, overexpression, and mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase have been identified in 50% of GBM patients. 28766870 3 7 theme factor 568:573 arg1 EGFR 585:588 EGFR 585:588 EGFR 585:588 Amplification, overexpression, and mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase have been identified in 50% of GBM patients. 28766870 5 8 dep GBM10 1032:1036 arg1 EGFR 1039:1042 EGFR 1039:1042 EGFR 1039:1042 The in vitro behavior of 3 patient-derived xenografts that reflect a clinically relevant range of EGFR variants is characterized: GBM10 (EGFR, wild type), GBM12 (EGFR+), and GBM6 (EGFRvIII). 28766870 5 8 dep GBM10 1032:1036 arg1 type 1050:1053 wild type 1045:1053 wild type 1045:1053 The in vitro behavior of 3 patient-derived xenografts that reflect a clinically relevant range of EGFR variants is characterized: GBM10 (EGFR, wild type), GBM12 (EGFR+), and GBM6 (EGFRvIII). 28766870 3 9 theme kinase 600:605 arg1 overexpression 515:528 overexpression 515:528 overexpression 515:528 Amplification, overexpression, and mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase have been identified in 50% of GBM patients. 28766870 3 9 theme kinase 600:605 arg1 mutation 535:542 mutation 535:542 mutation 535:542 Amplification, overexpression, and mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase have been identified in 50% of GBM patients. 28766870 3 9 theme kinase 600:605 arg1 Amplification 500:512 Amplification 500:512 Amplification 500:512 Amplification, overexpression, and mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase have been identified in 50% of GBM patients. 28766870 7 10 theme tyrosine 1353:1360 arg1 inhibitor 1369:1377 a model tyrosine kinase inhibitor 1345:1377 a model tyrosine kinase inhibitor 1345:1377 Interestingly, matrix-immobilized HA alters the response of GBM cells to a model tyrosine kinase inhibitor, erlotinib. 28766870 7 10 theme tyrosine 1353:1360 arg1 erlotinib 1380:1388 erlotinib 1380:1388 erlotinib 1380:1388 Interestingly, matrix-immobilized HA alters the response of GBM cells to a model tyrosine kinase inhibitor, erlotinib. 28766870 4 11 link patient-derived 869:883 arg1 cells 895:899 patient-derived xenograft cells 869:899 patient-derived xenograft cells 869:899 Here, hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are used to examine the synergies between microenvironmental factors and a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) using patient-derived xenograft cells. 28766870 0 12 theme Glioblastoma 115:126 arg1 Model 106:110 a Biomaterial Model 92:110 a Biomaterial Model of Glioblastoma 92:126 Extracellular Hyaluronic Acid Influences the Efficacy of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in a Biomaterial Model of Glioblastoma. 28766870 2 13 theme GBM 320:322 arg1 tumors 325:330 Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors 306:330 Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors 306:330 Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are highly heterogeneous, with both cell composition and extracellular matrix biophysical factors seen as key regulators of malignant phenotype and treatment outcomes. 28766870 1 14 theme tumor 198:202 arg1 microenvironment 204:219 the tumor microenvironment 194:219 the tumor microenvironment 194:219 3D biomaterial models have potential to explore the influence of the tumor microenvironment on aberrant signaling pathways and compensatory signals using patient-derived cells. 28766870 8 15 theme activated 1412:1420 arg1 cells 1431:1435 constitutively activated EGFRvIII cells 1397:1435 constitutively activated EGFRvIII cells 1397:1435 While constitutively activated EGFRvIII cells are sensitive to TKI in gelatin hydrogels, hyaluronic acid mediated adhesive signaling interacts with EGFRvIII signaling to increase cell metabolic activity, increase soluble hyaluronic acid synthesis, and modify response to erlotinib exposure. 28766870 6 16 dep viable 1149:1154 arg1 active 1157:1162 active 1157:1162 active 1157:1162 GelMA hydrogels support xenograft culture; cells remain viable, active, respond to matrix-immobilized HA, and upregulate genes associated with matrix remodeling and tumor growth. 28766870 7 17 theme cells 1336:1340 arg1 response 1320:1327 the response 1316:1327 the response of GBM cells to a model tyrosine kinase inhibitor, erlotinib 1316:1388 Interestingly, matrix-immobilized HA alters the response of GBM cells to a model tyrosine kinase inhibitor, erlotinib. 28766870 4 18 theme GelMA 728:732 arg1 hydrogels 735:743 hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels 658:743 hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels 658:743 Here, hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are used to examine the synergies between microenvironmental factors and a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) using patient-derived xenograft cells. 28766870 5 19 theme wild 1045:1048 arg1 EGFR 1039:1042 EGFR 1039:1042 EGFR 1039:1042 The in vitro behavior of 3 patient-derived xenografts that reflect a clinically relevant range of EGFR variants is characterized: GBM10 (EGFR, wild type), GBM12 (EGFR+), and GBM6 (EGFRvIII). 28766870 5 19 theme wild 1045:1048 arg1 type 1050:1053 wild type 1045:1053 wild type 1045:1053 The in vitro behavior of 3 patient-derived xenografts that reflect a clinically relevant range of EGFR variants is characterized: GBM10 (EGFR, wild type), GBM12 (EGFR+), and GBM6 (EGFRvIII). 28766870 6 20 theme tumor 1258:1262 arg1 growth 1264:1269 tumor growth 1258:1269 tumor growth 1258:1269 GelMA hydrogels support xenograft culture; cells remain viable, active, respond to matrix-immobilized HA, and upregulate genes associated with matrix remodeling and tumor growth. 28766870 3 21 theme GBM 638:640 arg1 patients 642:649 GBM patients 638:649 GBM patients 638:649 Amplification, overexpression, and mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase have been identified in 50% of GBM patients. 28766870 1 22 from influence 181:189 arg1 pathways 243:250 aberrant signaling pathways 224:250 aberrant signaling pathways 224:250 3D biomaterial models have potential to explore the influence of the tumor microenvironment on aberrant signaling pathways and compensatory signals using patient-derived cells. 28766870 1 22 from influence 181:189 arg1 signals 269:275 compensatory signals 256:275 compensatory signals using patient-derived cells 256:303 3D biomaterial models have potential to explore the influence of the tumor microenvironment on aberrant signaling pathways and compensatory signals using patient-derived cells. 28766870 5 23 theme xenografts 945:954 arg1 behavior 915:922 The in vitro behavior 902:922 The in vitro behavior of 3 patient-derived xenografts that reflect a clinically relevant range of EGFR variants 902:1012 The in vitro behavior of 3 patient-derived xenografts that reflect a clinically relevant range of EGFR variants is characterized: GBM10 (EGFR, wild type), GBM12 (EGFR+), and GBM6 (EGFRvIII). 28766870 1 24 theme 3D 129:130 arg1 models 144:149 3D biomaterial models 129:149 3D biomaterial models 129:149 3D biomaterial models have potential to explore the influence of the tumor microenvironment on aberrant signaling pathways and compensatory signals using patient-derived cells. 28766870 4 25 theme decorated 679:687 arg1 hydrogels 735:743 hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels 658:743 hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels 658:743 Here, hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are used to examine the synergies between microenvironmental factors and a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) using patient-derived xenograft cells. 28766870 0 26 theme Tyrosine 62:69 arg1 Inhibitors 78:87 EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors 57:87 EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors 57:87 Extracellular Hyaluronic Acid Influences the Efficacy of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in a Biomaterial Model of Glioblastoma. 28766870 5 27 theme in 906:907 arg1 behavior 915:922 The in vitro behavior 902:922 The in vitro behavior of 3 patient-derived xenografts that reflect a clinically relevant range of EGFR variants 902:1012 The in vitro behavior of 3 patient-derived xenografts that reflect a clinically relevant range of EGFR variants is characterized: GBM10 (EGFR, wild type), GBM12 (EGFR+), and GBM6 (EGFRvIII). 28766870 8 28 theme gelatin 1461:1467 arg1 hydrogels 1469:1477 gelatin hydrogels 1461:1477 gelatin hydrogels 1461:1477 While constitutively activated EGFRvIII cells are sensitive to TKI in gelatin hydrogels, hyaluronic acid mediated adhesive signaling interacts with EGFRvIII signaling to increase cell metabolic activity, increase soluble hyaluronic acid synthesis, and modify response to erlotinib exposure. 28766870 4 29 theme gelatin 719:725 arg1 hydrogels 735:743 hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels 658:743 hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels 658:743 Here, hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are used to examine the synergies between microenvironmental factors and a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) using patient-derived xenograft cells. 28766870 0 30 theme Inhibitors 78:87 arg1 Efficacy 45:52 the Efficacy 41:52 the Efficacy of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors 41:87 Extracellular Hyaluronic Acid Influences the Efficacy of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in a Biomaterial Model of Glioblastoma. 28766870 8 31 from TKI 1454:1456 arg1 hydrogels 1469:1477 gelatin hydrogels 1461:1477 gelatin hydrogels 1461:1477 While constitutively activated EGFRvIII cells are sensitive to TKI in gelatin hydrogels, hyaluronic acid mediated adhesive signaling interacts with EGFRvIII signaling to increase cell metabolic activity, increase soluble hyaluronic acid synthesis, and modify response to erlotinib exposure. 28766870 1 32 theme biomaterial 132:142 arg1 models 144:149 3D biomaterial models 129:149 3D biomaterial models 129:149 3D biomaterial models have potential to explore the influence of the tumor microenvironment on aberrant signaling pathways and compensatory signals using patient-derived cells. 28766870 4 33 theme microenvironmental 787:804 arg1 factors 806:812 microenvironmental factors 787:812 microenvironmental factors 787:812 Here, hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are used to examine the synergies between microenvironmental factors and a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) using patient-derived xenograft cells. 28766870 5 34 theme EGFR 1000:1003 arg1 variants 1005:1012 EGFR variants 1000:1012 EGFR variants 1000:1012 The in vitro behavior of 3 patient-derived xenografts that reflect a clinically relevant range of EGFR variants is characterized: GBM10 (EGFR, wild type), GBM12 (EGFR+), and GBM6 (EGFRvIII). 28766870 8 35 theme adhesive 1505:1512 arg1 signaling 1514:1522 adhesive signaling 1505:1522 adhesive signaling 1505:1522 While constitutively activated EGFRvIII cells are sensitive to TKI in gelatin hydrogels, hyaluronic acid mediated adhesive signaling interacts with EGFRvIII signaling to increase cell metabolic activity, increase soluble hyaluronic acid synthesis, and modify response to erlotinib exposure. 28766870 0 36 theme Extracellular 0:12 arg1 Acid 25:28 Extracellular Hyaluronic Acid 0:28 Extracellular Hyaluronic Acid 0:28 Extracellular Hyaluronic Acid Influences the Efficacy of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in a Biomaterial Model of Glioblastoma. 28766870 7 37 theme matrix-immobilized 1287:1304 arg1 HA 1306:1307 matrix-immobilized HA 1287:1307 matrix-immobilized HA 1287:1307 Interestingly, matrix-immobilized HA alters the response of GBM cells to a model tyrosine kinase inhibitor, erlotinib. 28766870 2 38 theme malignant 456:464 arg1 phenotype 466:474 malignant phenotype 456:474 malignant phenotype 456:474 Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are highly heterogeneous, with both cell composition and extracellular matrix biophysical factors seen as key regulators of malignant phenotype and treatment outcomes. 28766870 2 39 with heterogeneous 343:355 arg1 composition 373:383 cell composition 368:383 cell composition 368:383 Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are highly heterogeneous, with both cell composition and extracellular matrix biophysical factors seen as key regulators of malignant phenotype and treatment outcomes. 28766870 2 39 with heterogeneous 343:355 arg1 matrix 403:408 extracellular matrix 389:408 extracellular matrix 389:408 Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are highly heterogeneous, with both cell composition and extracellular matrix biophysical factors seen as key regulators of malignant phenotype and treatment outcomes. 28766870 8 40 theme EGFRvIII 1539:1546 arg1 signaling 1548:1556 EGFRvIII signaling 1539:1556 EGFRvIII signaling 1539:1556 While constitutively activated EGFRvIII cells are sensitive to TKI in gelatin hydrogels, hyaluronic acid mediated adhesive signaling interacts with EGFRvIII signaling to increase cell metabolic activity, increase soluble hyaluronic acid synthesis, and modify response to erlotinib exposure. 28766870 4 41 theme tyrosine 831:838 arg1 TKI 858:860 TKI 858:860 TKI 858:860 Here, hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are used to examine the synergies between microenvironmental factors and a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) using patient-derived xenograft cells. 28766870 4 41 theme tyrosine 831:838 arg1 inhibitor 847:855 a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor 818:855 a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) 818:861 Here, hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are used to examine the synergies between microenvironmental factors and a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) using patient-derived xenograft cells. 28766870 2 42 theme outcomes 490:497 arg1 regulators 442:451 key regulators 438:451 key regulators of malignant phenotype and treatment outcomes 438:497 Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are highly heterogeneous, with both cell composition and extracellular matrix biophysical factors seen as key regulators of malignant phenotype and treatment outcomes. 28766870 8 43 theme cell 1570:1573 arg1 activity 1585:1592 cell metabolic activity 1570:1592 cell metabolic activity 1570:1592 While constitutively activated EGFRvIII cells are sensitive to TKI in gelatin hydrogels, hyaluronic acid mediated adhesive signaling interacts with EGFRvIII signaling to increase cell metabolic activity, increase soluble hyaluronic acid synthesis, and modify response to erlotinib exposure. 28766870 1 44 theme aberrant 224:231 arg1 pathways 243:250 aberrant signaling pathways 224:250 aberrant signaling pathways 224:250 3D biomaterial models have potential to explore the influence of the tumor microenvironment on aberrant signaling pathways and compensatory signals using patient-derived cells. 28766870 4 45 theme model 820:824 arg1 TKI 858:860 TKI 858:860 TKI 858:860 Here, hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are used to examine the synergies between microenvironmental factors and a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) using patient-derived xenograft cells. 28766870 4 45 theme model 820:824 arg1 inhibitor 847:855 a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor 818:855 a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) 818:861 Here, hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are used to examine the synergies between microenvironmental factors and a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) using patient-derived xenograft cells. 28766870 2 46 theme cell 368:371 arg1 composition 373:383 cell composition 368:383 cell composition 368:383 Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are highly heterogeneous, with both cell composition and extracellular matrix biophysical factors seen as key regulators of malignant phenotype and treatment outcomes. 28766870 8 47 theme erlotinib 1662:1670 arg1 exposure 1672:1679 erlotinib exposure 1662:1679 erlotinib exposure 1662:1679 While constitutively activated EGFRvIII cells are sensitive to TKI in gelatin hydrogels, hyaluronic acid mediated adhesive signaling interacts with EGFRvIII signaling to increase cell metabolic activity, increase soluble hyaluronic acid synthesis, and modify response to erlotinib exposure. 28766870 1 48 theme compensatory 256:267 arg1 signals 269:275 compensatory signals 256:275 compensatory signals using patient-derived cells 256:303 3D biomaterial models have potential to explore the influence of the tumor microenvironment on aberrant signaling pathways and compensatory signals using patient-derived cells. 28766870 4 49 theme patient-derived 869:883 arg1 cells 895:899 patient-derived xenograft cells 869:899 patient-derived xenograft cells 869:899 Here, hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are used to examine the synergies between microenvironmental factors and a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) using patient-derived xenograft cells. 28766870 8 50 theme hyaluronic 1612:1621 arg1 acid 1623:1626 soluble hyaluronic acid 1604:1626 soluble hyaluronic acid synthesis 1604:1636 While constitutively activated EGFRvIII cells are sensitive to TKI in gelatin hydrogels, hyaluronic acid mediated adhesive signaling interacts with EGFRvIII signaling to increase cell metabolic activity, increase soluble hyaluronic acid synthesis, and modify response to erlotinib exposure. 28766870 6 51 theme matrix 1236:1241 arg1 remodeling 1243:1252 matrix remodeling 1236:1252 matrix remodeling 1236:1252 GelMA hydrogels support xenograft culture; cells remain viable, active, respond to matrix-immobilized HA, and upregulate genes associated with matrix remodeling and tumor growth. 28766870 1 52 link patient-derived 283:297 arg1 cells 299:303 patient-derived cells 283:303 patient-derived cells 283:303 3D biomaterial models have potential to explore the influence of the tumor microenvironment on aberrant signaling pathways and compensatory signals using patient-derived cells. 28766870 3 53 theme receptor 575:582 arg1 kinase 600:605 the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase 547:605 the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase 547:605 Amplification, overexpression, and mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase have been identified in 50% of GBM patients. 28766870 4 54 used used 749:752 arg2 hydrogels 735:743 hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels 658:743 hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels 658:743 Here, hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are used to examine the synergies between microenvironmental factors and a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) using patient-derived xenograft cells. 28766870 3 55 theme growth 561:566 arg1 receptor 575:582 epidermal growth factor receptor 551:582 the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase 547:605 Amplification, overexpression, and mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase have been identified in 50% of GBM patients. 28766870 3 55 theme growth 561:566 arg1 EGFR 585:588 EGFR 585:588 EGFR 585:588 Amplification, overexpression, and mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase have been identified in 50% of GBM patients. 28766870 4 56 theme hyaluronic 658:667 arg1 acid 669:672 hyaluronic acid 658:672 hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels 658:743 Here, hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are used to examine the synergies between microenvironmental factors and a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) using patient-derived xenograft cells. 28766870 4 56 theme hyaluronic 658:667 arg1 HA 675:676 HA 675:676 HA 675:676 Here, hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are used to examine the synergies between microenvironmental factors and a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) using patient-derived xenograft cells. 28766870 3 57 theme tyrosine 591:598 arg1 kinase 600:605 the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase 547:605 the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase 547:605 Amplification, overexpression, and mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase have been identified in 50% of GBM patients. 28766870 6 58 theme xenograft 1117:1125 arg1 culture 1127:1133 xenograft culture 1117:1133 xenograft culture 1117:1133 GelMA hydrogels support xenograft culture; cells remain viable, active, respond to matrix-immobilized HA, and upregulate genes associated with matrix remodeling and tumor growth. 28766870 8 59 theme EGFRvIII 1422:1429 arg1 cells 1431:1435 constitutively activated EGFRvIII cells 1397:1435 constitutively activated EGFRvIII cells 1397:1435 While constitutively activated EGFRvIII cells are sensitive to TKI in gelatin hydrogels, hyaluronic acid mediated adhesive signaling interacts with EGFRvIII signaling to increase cell metabolic activity, increase soluble hyaluronic acid synthesis, and modify response to erlotinib exposure. 28766870 7 60 theme kinase 1362:1367 arg1 inhibitor 1369:1377 a model tyrosine kinase inhibitor 1345:1377 a model tyrosine kinase inhibitor 1345:1377 Interestingly, matrix-immobilized HA alters the response of GBM cells to a model tyrosine kinase inhibitor, erlotinib. 28766870 7 60 theme kinase 1362:1367 arg1 erlotinib 1380:1388 erlotinib 1380:1388 erlotinib 1380:1388 Interestingly, matrix-immobilized HA alters the response of GBM cells to a model tyrosine kinase inhibitor, erlotinib. 28766870 1 61 theme microenvironment 204:219 arg1 influence 181:189 the influence 177:189 the influence of the tumor microenvironment on aberrant signaling pathways and compensatory signals using patient-derived cells 177:303 3D biomaterial models have potential to explore the influence of the tumor microenvironment on aberrant signaling pathways and compensatory signals using patient-derived cells. 28766870 7 62 theme model 1347:1351 arg1 inhibitor 1369:1377 a model tyrosine kinase inhibitor 1345:1377 a model tyrosine kinase inhibitor 1345:1377 Interestingly, matrix-immobilized HA alters the response of GBM cells to a model tyrosine kinase inhibitor, erlotinib. 28766870 7 62 theme model 1347:1351 arg1 erlotinib 1380:1388 erlotinib 1380:1388 erlotinib 1380:1388 Interestingly, matrix-immobilized HA alters the response of GBM cells to a model tyrosine kinase inhibitor, erlotinib. 28766870 5 63 theme patient-derived 929:943 arg1 xenografts 945:954 3 patient-derived xenografts 927:954 3 patient-derived xenografts that reflect a clinically relevant range of EGFR variants 927:1012 The in vitro behavior of 3 patient-derived xenografts that reflect a clinically relevant range of EGFR variants is characterized: GBM10 (EGFR, wild type), GBM12 (EGFR+), and GBM6 (EGFRvIII). 28766870 7 64 theme GBM 1332:1334 arg1 cells 1336:1340 GBM cells 1332:1340 GBM cells 1332:1340 Interestingly, matrix-immobilized HA alters the response of GBM cells to a model tyrosine kinase inhibitor, erlotinib. 28766870 0 65 theme Kinase 71:76 arg1 Inhibitors 78:87 EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors 57:87 EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors 57:87 Extracellular Hyaluronic Acid Influences the Efficacy of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in a Biomaterial Model of Glioblastoma. 28766870 8 66 theme hyaluronic 1480:1489 arg1 acid 1491:1494 hyaluronic acid 1480:1494 hyaluronic acid mediated adhesive signaling 1480:1522 While constitutively activated EGFRvIII cells are sensitive to TKI in gelatin hydrogels, hyaluronic acid mediated adhesive signaling interacts with EGFRvIII signaling to increase cell metabolic activity, increase soluble hyaluronic acid synthesis, and modify response to erlotinib exposure. 28766870 4 67 theme methacrylamide-functionalized 689:717 arg1 hydrogels 735:743 hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels 658:743 hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels 658:743 Here, hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are used to examine the synergies between microenvironmental factors and a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) using patient-derived xenograft cells. 28766870 0 68 theme Biomaterial 94:104 arg1 Model 106:110 a Biomaterial Model 92:110 a Biomaterial Model of Glioblastoma 92:126 Extracellular Hyaluronic Acid Influences the Efficacy of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in a Biomaterial Model of Glioblastoma. 28766870 5 69 theme relevant 982:989 arg1 range 991:995 a clinically relevant range 969:995 a clinically relevant range of EGFR variants 969:1012 The in vitro behavior of 3 patient-derived xenografts that reflect a clinically relevant range of EGFR variants is characterized: GBM10 (EGFR, wild type), GBM12 (EGFR+), and GBM6 (EGFRvIII). 28766870 2 70 dep composition 373:383 arg1 factors 422:428 biophysical factors 410:428 biophysical factors 410:428 Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are highly heterogeneous, with both cell composition and extracellular matrix biophysical factors seen as key regulators of malignant phenotype and treatment outcomes. 28766870 2 71 theme biophysical 410:420 arg1 factors 422:428 biophysical factors 410:428 biophysical factors 410:428 Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are highly heterogeneous, with both cell composition and extracellular matrix biophysical factors seen as key regulators of malignant phenotype and treatment outcomes. 28766870 0 72 theme Hyaluronic 14:23 arg1 Acid 25:28 Extracellular Hyaluronic Acid 0:28 Extracellular Hyaluronic Acid 0:28 Extracellular Hyaluronic Acid Influences the Efficacy of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in a Biomaterial Model of Glioblastoma. 28766870 2 73 theme phenotype 466:474 arg1 regulators 442:451 key regulators 438:451 key regulators of malignant phenotype and treatment outcomes 438:497 Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are highly heterogeneous, with both cell composition and extracellular matrix biophysical factors seen as key regulators of malignant phenotype and treatment outcomes. 28766870 2 74 theme extracellular 389:401 arg1 matrix 403:408 extracellular matrix 389:408 extracellular matrix 389:408 Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are highly heterogeneous, with both cell composition and extracellular matrix biophysical factors seen as key regulators of malignant phenotype and treatment outcomes. 28766870 5 75 dep in 906:907 arg1 vitro 909:913 vitro 909:913 vitro 909:913 The in vitro behavior of 3 patient-derived xenografts that reflect a clinically relevant range of EGFR variants is characterized: GBM10 (EGFR, wild type), GBM12 (EGFR+), and GBM6 (EGFRvIII). 28766870 2 76 theme key 438:440 arg1 regulators 442:451 key regulators 438:451 key regulators of malignant phenotype and treatment outcomes 438:497 Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are highly heterogeneous, with both cell composition and extracellular matrix biophysical factors seen as key regulators of malignant phenotype and treatment outcomes. 28766870 3 77 theme patients 642:649 arg1 % 633:633 50% 631:633 50% of GBM patients 631:649 Amplification, overexpression, and mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase have been identified in 50% of GBM patients. 28766870 3 77 theme patients 642:649 arg1 patients 642:649 GBM patients 638:649 GBM patients 638:649 Amplification, overexpression, and mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase have been identified in 50% of GBM patients. 28766870 4 78 theme EGFR 826:829 arg1 TKI 858:860 TKI 858:860 TKI 858:860 Here, hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are used to examine the synergies between microenvironmental factors and a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) using patient-derived xenograft cells. 28766870 4 78 theme EGFR 826:829 arg1 inhibitor 847:855 a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor 818:855 a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) 818:861 Here, hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are used to examine the synergies between microenvironmental factors and a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) using patient-derived xenograft cells. 28766870 0 79 theme EGFR 57:60 arg1 Inhibitors 78:87 EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors 57:87 EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors 57:87 Extracellular Hyaluronic Acid Influences the Efficacy of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in a Biomaterial Model of Glioblastoma. 28766870 5 80 link patient-derived 929:943 arg1 xenografts 945:954 3 patient-derived xenografts 927:954 3 patient-derived xenografts that reflect a clinically relevant range of EGFR variants 927:1012 The in vitro behavior of 3 patient-derived xenografts that reflect a clinically relevant range of EGFR variants is characterized: GBM10 (EGFR, wild type), GBM12 (EGFR+), and GBM6 (EGFRvIII). 28766870 6 81 theme GelMA 1093:1097 arg1 hydrogels 1099:1107 GelMA hydrogels 1093:1107 GelMA hydrogels 1093:1107 GelMA hydrogels support xenograft culture; cells remain viable, active, respond to matrix-immobilized HA, and upregulate genes associated with matrix remodeling and tumor growth. 28766870 2 82 theme treatment 480:488 arg1 outcomes 490:497 treatment outcomes 480:497 treatment outcomes 480:497 Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are highly heterogeneous, with both cell composition and extracellular matrix biophysical factors seen as key regulators of malignant phenotype and treatment outcomes. 28766870 8 83 theme metabolic 1575:1583 arg1 activity 1585:1592 cell metabolic activity 1570:1592 cell metabolic activity 1570:1592 While constitutively activated EGFRvIII cells are sensitive to TKI in gelatin hydrogels, hyaluronic acid mediated adhesive signaling interacts with EGFRvIII signaling to increase cell metabolic activity, increase soluble hyaluronic acid synthesis, and modify response to erlotinib exposure. 28766870 4 84 theme kinase 840:845 arg1 TKI 858:860 TKI 858:860 TKI 858:860 Here, hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are used to examine the synergies between microenvironmental factors and a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) using patient-derived xenograft cells. 28766870 4 84 theme kinase 840:845 arg1 inhibitor 847:855 a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor 818:855 a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) 818:861 Here, hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are used to examine the synergies between microenvironmental factors and a model EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) using patient-derived xenograft cells. 28766870 5 85 theme variants 1005:1012 arg1 range 991:995 a clinically relevant range 969:995 a clinically relevant range of EGFR variants 969:1012 The in vitro behavior of 3 patient-derived xenografts that reflect a clinically relevant range of EGFR variants is characterized: GBM10 (EGFR, wild type), GBM12 (EGFR+), and GBM6 (EGFRvIII). 28766870 1 86 theme signaling 233:241 arg1 pathways 243:250 aberrant signaling pathways 224:250 aberrant signaling pathways 224:250 3D biomaterial models have potential to explore the influence of the tumor microenvironment on aberrant signaling pathways and compensatory signals using patient-derived cells. 28766870 8 87 theme soluble 1604:1610 arg1 acid 1623:1626 soluble hyaluronic acid 1604:1626 soluble hyaluronic acid synthesis 1604:1636 While constitutively activated EGFRvIII cells are sensitive to TKI in gelatin hydrogels, hyaluronic acid mediated adhesive signaling interacts with EGFRvIII signaling to increase cell metabolic activity, increase soluble hyaluronic acid synthesis, and modify response to erlotinib exposure. 28766870 3 88 theme epidermal 551:559 arg1 receptor 575:582 epidermal growth factor receptor 551:582 the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase 547:605 Amplification, overexpression, and mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase have been identified in 50% of GBM patients. 28766870 3 88 theme epidermal 551:559 arg1 EGFR 585:588 EGFR 585:588 EGFR 585:588 Amplification, overexpression, and mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase have been identified in 50% of GBM patients. 27084119 5 0 theme DSS-induced 767:777 arg1 colitis 792:798 DSS-induced experimental colitis 767:798 DSS-induced experimental colitis 767:798 Mice deficient in both TLR3 and TLR7 were more susceptible to DSS-induced experimental colitis. 27084119 6 1 theme ulcerative 895:904 arg1 colitis 906:912 ulcerative colitis 895:912 ulcerative colitis 895:912 In humans, combined TLR3 and TLR7 genetic variations significantly influenced the severity of ulcerative colitis. 27084119 3 2 theme enteric 500:506 arg1 abundance 514:522 altered enteric viral abundance 492:522 altered enteric viral abundance 492:522 DSS-induced colitis was associated with altered enteric viral abundance and composition. 27084119 7 3 theme Plasmacytoid 915:926 arg1 cells 938:942 Plasmacytoid dendritic cells 915:942 Plasmacytoid dendritic cells isolated from inflamed mouse colon 915:977 Plasmacytoid dendritic cells isolated from inflamed mouse colon produced interferon-β in a TLR3 and TLR7-dependent manner. 27084119 4 4 theme receptor 595:602 arg1 agonists 621:628 Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) or TLR7 agonists 585:628 Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) or TLR7 agonists 585:628 When wild-type mice were reconstituted with Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) or TLR7 agonists or inactivated rotavirus, colitis symptoms were significantly ameliorated. 27084119 0 5 theme Toll-like 73:81 arg1 Receptor 83:90 Toll-like Receptor 73:90 Toll-like Receptor 73:90 Enteric Viruses Ameliorate Gut Inflammation via Toll-like Receptor 3 and Toll-like Receptor 7-Mediated Interferon-β Production. 27084119 3 6 theme viral 508:512 arg1 abundance 514:522 altered enteric viral abundance 492:522 altered enteric viral abundance 492:522 DSS-induced colitis was associated with altered enteric viral abundance and composition. 27084119 4 7 theme Toll-like 585:593 arg1 receptor 595:602 Toll-like receptor 3 585:604 Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) 585:611 When wild-type mice were reconstituted with Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) or TLR7 agonists or inactivated rotavirus, colitis symptoms were significantly ameliorated. 27084119 4 7 theme Toll-like 585:593 arg1 TLR3 607:610 TLR3 607:610 TLR3 607:610 When wild-type mice were reconstituted with Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) or TLR7 agonists or inactivated rotavirus, colitis symptoms were significantly ameliorated. 27084119 0 8 theme Interferon-β 103:114 arg1 Production 116:125 7-Mediated Interferon-β Production 92:125 7-Mediated Interferon-β Production 92:125 Enteric Viruses Ameliorate Gut Inflammation via Toll-like Receptor 3 and Toll-like Receptor 7-Mediated Interferon-β Production. 27084119 8 9 theme viruses 1087:1093 arg1 recognition 1063:1073 recognition 1063:1073 recognition of resident viruses by TLR3 and TLR7 1063:1110 These results imply that recognition of resident viruses by TLR3 and TLR7 is required for protective immunity during gut inflammation. 27084119 6 10 theme TLR3 821:824 arg1 variations 843:852 combined TLR3 and TLR7 genetic variations 812:852 combined TLR3 and TLR7 genetic variations 812:852 In humans, combined TLR3 and TLR7 genetic variations significantly influenced the severity of ulcerative colitis. 27084119 7 11 theme TLR7-dependent 1015:1028 arg1 manner 1030:1035 a TLR3 and TLR7-dependent manner 1004:1035 a TLR3 and TLR7-dependent manner 1004:1035 Plasmacytoid dendritic cells isolated from inflamed mouse colon produced interferon-β in a TLR3 and TLR7-dependent manner. 27084119 1 12 theme viruses 257:263 arg1 role 243:246 the role 239:246 the role of these viruses in the maintenance of gut homeostasis 239:301 Metagenomic studies show that diverse resident viruses inhabit the healthy gut; however, little is known about the role of these viruses in the maintenance of gut homeostasis. 27084119 0 13 theme 7-Mediated 92:101 arg1 Production 116:125 7-Mediated Interferon-β Production 92:125 7-Mediated Interferon-β Production 92:125 Enteric Viruses Ameliorate Gut Inflammation via Toll-like Receptor 3 and Toll-like Receptor 7-Mediated Interferon-β Production. 27084119 8 14 theme resident 1078:1085 arg1 viruses 1087:1093 resident viruses 1078:1093 resident viruses 1078:1093 These results imply that recognition of resident viruses by TLR3 and TLR7 is required for protective immunity during gut inflammation. 27084119 6 15 theme combined 812:819 arg1 variations 843:852 combined TLR3 and TLR7 genetic variations 812:852 combined TLR3 and TLR7 genetic variations 812:852 In humans, combined TLR3 and TLR7 genetic variations significantly influenced the severity of ulcerative colitis. 27084119 4 16 theme colitis 656:662 arg1 symptoms 664:671 colitis symptoms 656:671 colitis symptoms 656:671 When wild-type mice were reconstituted with Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) or TLR7 agonists or inactivated rotavirus, colitis symptoms were significantly ameliorated. 27084119 6 17 theme colitis 906:912 arg1 severity 883:890 the severity 879:890 the severity of ulcerative colitis 879:912 In humans, combined TLR3 and TLR7 genetic variations significantly influenced the severity of ulcerative colitis. 27084119 7 18 attach isolated 944:951 arg1 colon 973:977 inflamed mouse colon 958:977 inflamed mouse colon 958:977 Plasmacytoid dendritic cells isolated from inflamed mouse colon produced interferon-β in a TLR3 and TLR7-dependent manner. 27084119 7 18 attach isolated 944:951 arg2 cells 938:942 Plasmacytoid dendritic cells 915:942 Plasmacytoid dendritic cells isolated from inflamed mouse colon 915:977 Plasmacytoid dendritic cells isolated from inflamed mouse colon produced interferon-β in a TLR3 and TLR7-dependent manner. 27084119 1 19 theme healthy 195:201 arg1 gut 203:205 the healthy gut 191:205 the healthy gut 191:205 Metagenomic studies show that diverse resident viruses inhabit the healthy gut; however, little is known about the role of these viruses in the maintenance of gut homeostasis. 27084119 2 20 theme untreated 436:444 arg1 mice 446:449 untreated mice 436:449 untreated mice 436:449 We found that mice treated with antiviral cocktail displayed more severe dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis compared with untreated mice. 27084119 5 21 theme experimental 779:790 arg1 colitis 792:798 DSS-induced experimental colitis 767:798 DSS-induced experimental colitis 767:798 Mice deficient in both TLR3 and TLR7 were more susceptible to DSS-induced experimental colitis. 27084119 0 22 theme Enteric 0:6 arg1 Viruses 8:14 Enteric Viruses 0:14 Enteric Viruses 0:14 Enteric Viruses Ameliorate Gut Inflammation via Toll-like Receptor 3 and Toll-like Receptor 7-Mediated Interferon-β Production. 27084119 7 23 theme inflamed 958:965 arg1 colon 973:977 inflamed mouse colon 958:977 inflamed mouse colon 958:977 Plasmacytoid dendritic cells isolated from inflamed mouse colon produced interferon-β in a TLR3 and TLR7-dependent manner. 27084119 2 24 theme severe 370:375 arg1 colitis 414:420 more severe dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis 365:420 more severe dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis 365:420 We found that mice treated with antiviral cocktail displayed more severe dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis compared with untreated mice. 27084119 0 25 theme Gut 27:29 arg1 Inflammation 31:42 Gut Inflammation 27:42 Gut Inflammation 27:42 Enteric Viruses Ameliorate Gut Inflammation via Toll-like Receptor 3 and Toll-like Receptor 7-Mediated Interferon-β Production. 27084119 5 26 theme deficient 710:718 arg1 Mice 705:708 Mice 705:708 Mice deficient in both TLR3 and TLR7 705:740 Mice deficient in both TLR3 and TLR7 were more susceptible to DSS-induced experimental colitis. 27084119 7 27 theme mouse 967:971 arg1 colon 973:977 inflamed mouse colon 958:977 inflamed mouse colon 958:977 Plasmacytoid dendritic cells isolated from inflamed mouse colon produced interferon-β in a TLR3 and TLR7-dependent manner. 27084119 2 28 theme -induced 405:412 arg1 colitis 414:420 more severe dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis 365:420 more severe dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis 365:420 We found that mice treated with antiviral cocktail displayed more severe dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis compared with untreated mice. 27084119 2 29 theme antiviral 336:344 arg1 cocktail 346:353 antiviral cocktail 336:353 antiviral cocktail 336:353 We found that mice treated with antiviral cocktail displayed more severe dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis compared with untreated mice. 27084119 1 30 theme gut 287:289 arg1 homeostasis 291:301 gut homeostasis 287:301 gut homeostasis 287:301 Metagenomic studies show that diverse resident viruses inhabit the healthy gut; however, little is known about the role of these viruses in the maintenance of gut homeostasis. 27084119 8 31 theme protective 1128:1137 arg1 immunity 1139:1146 protective immunity 1128:1146 protective immunity 1128:1146 These results imply that recognition of resident viruses by TLR3 and TLR7 is required for protective immunity during gut inflammation. 27084119 0 32 dep Receptor 58:65 arg1 Production 116:125 7-Mediated Interferon-β Production 92:125 7-Mediated Interferon-β Production 92:125 Enteric Viruses Ameliorate Gut Inflammation via Toll-like Receptor 3 and Toll-like Receptor 7-Mediated Interferon-β Production. 27084119 1 33 theme homeostasis 291:301 arg1 maintenance 272:282 the maintenance 268:282 the maintenance of gut homeostasis 268:301 Metagenomic studies show that diverse resident viruses inhabit the healthy gut; however, little is known about the role of these viruses in the maintenance of gut homeostasis. 27084119 5 34 from TLR3 728:731 arg1 deficient 710:718 deficient 710:718 deficient 710:718 Mice deficient in both TLR3 and TLR7 were more susceptible to DSS-induced experimental colitis. 27084119 4 35 theme inactivated 633:643 arg1 rotavirus 645:653 inactivated rotavirus 633:653 inactivated rotavirus 633:653 When wild-type mice were reconstituted with Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) or TLR7 agonists or inactivated rotavirus, colitis symptoms were significantly ameliorated. 27084119 5 36 from TLR7 737:740 arg1 deficient 710:718 deficient 710:718 deficient 710:718 Mice deficient in both TLR3 and TLR7 were more susceptible to DSS-induced experimental colitis. 27084119 1 37 theme Metagenomic 128:138 arg1 studies 140:146 Metagenomic studies 128:146 Metagenomic studies 128:146 Metagenomic studies show that diverse resident viruses inhabit the healthy gut; however, little is known about the role of these viruses in the maintenance of gut homeostasis. 27084119 0 38 theme Toll-like 48:56 arg1 Receptor 58:65 Toll-like Receptor 3 48:67 Toll-like Receptor 3 48:67 Enteric Viruses Ameliorate Gut Inflammation via Toll-like Receptor 3 and Toll-like Receptor 7-Mediated Interferon-β Production. 27084119 4 39 theme wild-type 546:554 arg1 mice 556:559 wild-type mice 546:559 wild-type mice 546:559 When wild-type mice were reconstituted with Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) or TLR7 agonists or inactivated rotavirus, colitis symptoms were significantly ameliorated. 27084119 1 40 from role 243:246 arg1 maintenance 272:282 the maintenance 268:282 the maintenance of gut homeostasis 268:301 Metagenomic studies show that diverse resident viruses inhabit the healthy gut; however, little is known about the role of these viruses in the maintenance of gut homeostasis. 27084119 3 41 theme altered 492:498 arg1 abundance 514:522 altered enteric viral abundance 492:522 altered enteric viral abundance 492:522 DSS-induced colitis was associated with altered enteric viral abundance and composition. 27084119 7 42 theme TLR3 1006:1009 arg1 manner 1030:1035 a TLR3 and TLR7-dependent manner 1004:1035 a TLR3 and TLR7-dependent manner 1004:1035 Plasmacytoid dendritic cells isolated from inflamed mouse colon produced interferon-β in a TLR3 and TLR7-dependent manner. 27084119 8 43 theme gut 1155:1157 arg1 inflammation 1159:1170 gut inflammation 1155:1170 gut inflammation 1155:1170 These results imply that recognition of resident viruses by TLR3 and TLR7 is required for protective immunity during gut inflammation. 27084119 6 44 theme genetic 835:841 arg1 variations 843:852 combined TLR3 and TLR7 genetic variations 812:852 combined TLR3 and TLR7 genetic variations 812:852 In humans, combined TLR3 and TLR7 genetic variations significantly influenced the severity of ulcerative colitis. 27084119 7 45 theme dendritic 928:936 arg1 cells 938:942 Plasmacytoid dendritic cells 915:942 Plasmacytoid dendritic cells isolated from inflamed mouse colon 915:977 Plasmacytoid dendritic cells isolated from inflamed mouse colon produced interferon-β in a TLR3 and TLR7-dependent manner. 27084119 6 46 theme TLR7 830:833 arg1 variations 843:852 combined TLR3 and TLR7 genetic variations 812:852 combined TLR3 and TLR7 genetic variations 812:852 In humans, combined TLR3 and TLR7 genetic variations significantly influenced the severity of ulcerative colitis. 27084119 3 47 theme DSS-induced 452:462 arg1 colitis 464:470 DSS-induced colitis 452:470 DSS-induced colitis 452:470 DSS-induced colitis was associated with altered enteric viral abundance and composition. 27084119 1 48 theme diverse 158:164 arg1 viruses 175:181 diverse resident viruses 158:181 diverse resident viruses 158:181 Metagenomic studies show that diverse resident viruses inhabit the healthy gut; however, little is known about the role of these viruses in the maintenance of gut homeostasis. 27084119 4 49 theme TLR7 616:619 arg1 agonists 621:628 Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) or TLR7 agonists 585:628 Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) or TLR7 agonists 585:628 When wild-type mice were reconstituted with Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) or TLR7 agonists or inactivated rotavirus, colitis symptoms were significantly ameliorated. 27084119 5 50 from deficient 710:718 arg1 TLR7 737:740 TLR7 737:740 TLR7 737:740 Mice deficient in both TLR3 and TLR7 were more susceptible to DSS-induced experimental colitis. 27084119 5 50 from deficient 710:718 arg1 TLR3 728:731 TLR3 728:731 TLR3 728:731 Mice deficient in both TLR3 and TLR7 were more susceptible to DSS-induced experimental colitis. 27084119 1 51 theme resident 166:173 arg1 viruses 175:181 diverse resident viruses 158:181 diverse resident viruses 158:181 Metagenomic studies show that diverse resident viruses inhabit the healthy gut; however, little is known about the role of these viruses in the maintenance of gut homeostasis. 27375668 8 0 theme maize 1844:1848 arg1 biomass 1850:1856 maize biomass 1844:1856 maize biomass possessing slightly higher amounts than sorghum 1844:1904 For both species, the amounts of structural polysaccharides in the cell wall, measured as monomeric components (glucose and pentose), decreased during grain fill but remained unchanged thereafter with maize biomass possessing slightly higher amounts than sorghum. 27375668 4 1 theme maize 846:850 arg1 internodes 832:841 internodes 832:841 internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) 832:879 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 4 2 located observed 820:827 arg1 internodes 832:841 internodes 832:841 internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) 832:879 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 4 2 located observed 820:827 arg1 onset 646:650 the onset 642:650 the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP) 642:714 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 4 2 located observed 820:827 arg2 range 724:728 a wide range 717:728 a wide range 717:728 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 5 3 from evident 1101:1107 arg1 maize 1131:1135 maize 1131:1135 maize (8-19%) 1131:1143 Remobilization of these reserves for supporting grain fill or vegetative growth was evident from lower amounts in maize (8-19%) and sorghum (9-27%) near the end of the reproductive period (average 95 DAP). 27375668 5 3 from evident 1101:1107 arg1 % 1142:1142 8-19% 1138:1142 8-19% 1138:1142 Remobilization of these reserves for supporting grain fill or vegetative growth was evident from lower amounts in maize (8-19%) and sorghum (9-27%) near the end of the reproductive period (average 95 DAP). 27375668 5 3 from evident 1101:1107 arg1 sorghum 1149:1155 sorghum 1149:1155 sorghum (9-27%) 1149:1163 Remobilization of these reserves for supporting grain fill or vegetative growth was evident from lower amounts in maize (8-19%) and sorghum (9-27%) near the end of the reproductive period (average 95 DAP). 27375668 5 3 from evident 1101:1107 arg1 % 1162:1162 9-27% 1158:1162 9-27% 1158:1162 Remobilization of these reserves for supporting grain fill or vegetative growth was evident from lower amounts in maize (8-19%) and sorghum (9-27%) near the end of the reproductive period (average 95 DAP). 27375668 9 4 theme dedicated 2010:2018 arg1 biofuel 2020:2026 energy-rich dedicated biofuel or dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops 1998:2063 biofuel 2020:2026 Availability of carbohydrates in maize and sorghum highlights the potential for developing energy-rich dedicated biofuel or dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 2 5 theme adult 277:281 arg1 sorghum 283:289 adult sorghum and maize hybrids 277:307 sorghum 283:289 We examined carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass). 27375668 7 6 theme grain/stover 1622:1633 arg1 crops 1636:1640 dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops 1608:1640 dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops 1608:1640 Nonetheless, high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) highlight the potential for developing dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 4 7 theme phase 672:676 arg1 onset 646:650 the onset 642:650 the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP) 642:714 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 2 8 theme distinct 314:321 arg1 phenology 323:331 distinct phenology 314:331 distinct phenology 314:331 We examined carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass). 27375668 7 9 theme carbohydrates 1502:1514 arg1 amounts 1476:1482 high amounts 1471:1482 high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) 1471:1567 Nonetheless, high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) highlight the potential for developing dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 7 9 theme carbohydrates 1502:1514 arg1 carbohydrates 1502:1514 non-structural carbohydrates 1487:1514 non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) 1487:1567 Nonetheless, high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) highlight the potential for developing dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 4 10 theme sorghum 865:871 arg1 internodes 832:841 internodes 832:841 internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) 832:879 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 7 11 theme dual-purpose 1608:1619 arg1 crops 1636:1640 dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops 1608:1640 dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops 1608:1640 Nonetheless, high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) highlight the potential for developing dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 3 12 theme end 614:616 arg1 use 618:620 distinct end use 605:620 distinct end use in both species 605:636 Remarkable variation was observed for non-structural carbohydrates and structural polysaccharides during three key developmental stages both between and within hybrids developed for distinct end use in both species. 27375668 7 13 theme high 1471:1474 arg1 amounts 1476:1482 high amounts 1471:1482 high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) 1471:1567 Nonetheless, high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) highlight the potential for developing dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 7 13 theme high 1471:1474 arg1 carbohydrates 1502:1514 non-structural carbohydrates 1487:1514 non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) 1487:1567 Nonetheless, high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) highlight the potential for developing dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 6 14 theme weakening 1435:1443 arg1 demand 1450:1455 weakening sink demand 1435:1455 weakening sink demand 1435:1455 At physiological maturity of grain hybrids (average 120 DAP), amounts of these carbohydrates were generally unchanged in maize (9-21%) and sorghum (16-27%) suggesting a loss of photosynthetic assimilation due to weakening sink demand. 27375668 2 15 dep phenology 323:331 arg1 uses 351:354 uses 351:354 uses 351:354 We examined carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass). 27375668 4 16 theme wide 719:722 arg1 range 724:728 a wide range 717:728 a wide range 717:728 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 1 17 theme vegetative 147:156 arg1 organs 158:163 vegetative organs 147:163 vegetative organs 147:163 Carbohydrates stored in vegetative organs, particularly stems, of grasses are a very important source of energy. 27375668 1 17 theme vegetative 147:156 arg1 stems 179:183 stems 179:183 particularly stems 166:183 Carbohydrates stored in vegetative organs, particularly stems, of grasses are a very important source of energy. 27375668 4 18 theme sink 1002:1005 arg1 strength 1007:1014 vegetative sink strength 991:1014 vegetative sink strength 991:1014 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 4 19 theme average 679:685 arg1 days 690:693 average 65 days 679:693 average 65 days after planting 679:708 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 4 19 theme average 679:685 arg1 phase 672:676 the reproductive phase 655:676 the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP) 655:714 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 5 20 theme period 1198:1203 arg1 end 1174:1176 the end 1170:1176 the end of the reproductive period (average 95 DAP) 1170:1220 Remobilization of these reserves for supporting grain fill or vegetative growth was evident from lower amounts in maize (8-19%) and sorghum (9-27%) near the end of the reproductive period (average 95 DAP). 27375668 0 21 theme Genetic 59:65 arg1 Variation 67:75 Remarkable Genetic Variation 48:75 Remarkable Genetic Variation 48:75 Stover Composition in Maize and Sorghum Reveals Remarkable Genetic Variation and Plasticity for Carbohydrate Accumulation. 27375668 6 22 theme photosynthetic 1400:1413 arg1 assimilation 1415:1426 photosynthetic assimilation 1400:1426 photosynthetic assimilation 1400:1426 At physiological maturity of grain hybrids (average 120 DAP), amounts of these carbohydrates were generally unchanged in maize (9-21%) and sorghum (16-27%) suggesting a loss of photosynthetic assimilation due to weakening sink demand. 27375668 9 23 from maize 1940:1944 arg1 Availability 1907:1918 Availability 1907:1918 Availability of carbohydrates in maize and sorghum 1907:1956 Availability of carbohydrates in maize and sorghum highlights the potential for developing energy-rich dedicated biofuel or dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 5 24 theme vegetative 1079:1088 arg1 growth 1090:1095 vegetative growth 1079:1095 vegetative growth 1079:1095 Remobilization of these reserves for supporting grain fill or vegetative growth was evident from lower amounts in maize (8-19%) and sorghum (9-27%) near the end of the reproductive period (average 95 DAP). 27375668 8 25 theme cell 1710:1713 arg1 wall 1715:1718 the cell wall 1706:1718 the cell wall 1706:1718 For both species, the amounts of structural polysaccharides in the cell wall, measured as monomeric components (glucose and pentose), decreased during grain fill but remained unchanged thereafter with maize biomass possessing slightly higher amounts than sorghum. 27375668 2 26 with hybrids 301:307 arg1 end 347:349 different end 337:349 different end 337:349 We examined carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass). 27375668 2 26 with hybrids 301:307 arg1 phenology 323:331 distinct phenology 314:331 distinct phenology 314:331 We examined carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass). 27375668 6 27 theme grain 1252:1256 arg1 hybrids 1258:1264 grain hybrids 1252:1264 grain hybrids (average 120 DAP) 1252:1282 At physiological maturity of grain hybrids (average 120 DAP), amounts of these carbohydrates were generally unchanged in maize (9-21%) and sorghum (16-27%) suggesting a loss of photosynthetic assimilation due to weakening sink demand. 27375668 6 27 theme grain 1252:1256 arg1 DAP 1279:1281 average 120 DAP 1267:1281 average 120 DAP 1267:1281 At physiological maturity of grain hybrids (average 120 DAP), amounts of these carbohydrates were generally unchanged in maize (9-21%) and sorghum (16-27%) suggesting a loss of photosynthetic assimilation due to weakening sink demand. 27375668 5 28 theme reserves 1041:1048 arg1 Remobilization 1017:1030 Remobilization 1017:1030 Remobilization of these reserves for supporting grain fill or vegetative growth 1017:1095 Remobilization of these reserves for supporting grain fill or vegetative growth was evident from lower amounts in maize (8-19%) and sorghum (9-27%) near the end of the reproductive period (average 95 DAP). 27375668 4 29 theme substantial 892:902 arg1 variation 904:912 substantial variation 892:912 substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate 892:958 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 9 30 from Availability 1907:1918 arg1 maize 1940:1944 maize 1940:1944 maize 1940:1944 Availability of carbohydrates in maize and sorghum highlights the potential for developing energy-rich dedicated biofuel or dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 9 30 from Availability 1907:1918 arg1 sorghum 1950:1956 sorghum 1950:1956 sorghum 1950:1956 Availability of carbohydrates in maize and sorghum highlights the potential for developing energy-rich dedicated biofuel or dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 7 31 theme grain 1536:1540 arg1 maize 1542:1546 grain maize 1536:1546 grain maize 1536:1546 Nonetheless, high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) highlight the potential for developing dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 0 32 theme Stover 0:5 arg1 Composition 7:17 Stover Composition 0:17 Stover Composition in Maize and Sorghum 0:38 Stover Composition in Maize and Sorghum Reveals Remarkable Genetic Variation and Plasticity for Carbohydrate Accumulation. 27375668 7 33 from carbohydrates 1502:1514 arg1 % 1566:1566 15-18% 1561:1566 15-18% 1561:1566 Nonetheless, high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) highlight the potential for developing dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 7 33 from carbohydrates 1502:1514 arg1 maize 1542:1546 grain maize 1536:1546 grain maize 1536:1546 Nonetheless, high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) highlight the potential for developing dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 7 33 from carbohydrates 1502:1514 arg1 sorghum 1552:1558 sorghum 1552:1558 sorghum (15-18%) 1552:1567 Nonetheless, high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) highlight the potential for developing dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 8 34 theme polysaccharides 1687:1701 arg1 amounts 1665:1671 the amounts 1661:1671 the amounts 1661:1671 For both species, the amounts of structural polysaccharides in the cell wall, measured as monomeric components (glucose and pentose), decreased during grain fill but remained unchanged thereafter with maize biomass possessing slightly higher amounts than sorghum. 27375668 8 34 theme polysaccharides 1687:1701 arg1 polysaccharides 1687:1701 structural polysaccharides 1676:1701 structural polysaccharides in the cell wall 1676:1718 For both species, the amounts of structural polysaccharides in the cell wall, measured as monomeric components (glucose and pentose), decreased during grain fill but remained unchanged thereafter with maize biomass possessing slightly higher amounts than sorghum. 27375668 6 35 from sorghum 1362:1368 arg1 unchanged 1331:1339 unchanged 1331:1339 unchanged 1331:1339 At physiological maturity of grain hybrids (average 120 DAP), amounts of these carbohydrates were generally unchanged in maize (9-21%) and sorghum (16-27%) suggesting a loss of photosynthetic assimilation due to weakening sink demand. 27375668 4 36 theme grain 982:986 arg1 periods 967:973 periods 967:973 periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength 967:1014 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 2 37 dep uses 351:354 arg1 grain 357:361 grain 357:361 grain 357:361 We examined carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass). 27375668 2 37 dep uses 351:354 arg1 sucrose 372:378 sucrose 372:378 sucrose 372:378 We examined carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass). 27375668 2 37 dep uses 351:354 arg1 biomass 413:419 biomass 413:419 biomass 413:419 We examined carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass). 27375668 2 37 dep uses 351:354 arg1 silage 364:369 silage 364:369 silage 364:369 We examined carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass). 27375668 5 38 theme average 1206:1212 arg1 DAP 1217:1219 average 95 DAP 1206:1219 average 95 DAP 1206:1219 Remobilization of these reserves for supporting grain fill or vegetative growth was evident from lower amounts in maize (8-19%) and sorghum (9-27%) near the end of the reproductive period (average 95 DAP). 27375668 5 38 theme average 1206:1212 arg1 period 1198:1203 the reproductive period 1181:1203 the reproductive period (average 95 DAP) 1181:1220 Remobilization of these reserves for supporting grain fill or vegetative growth was evident from lower amounts in maize (8-19%) and sorghum (9-27%) near the end of the reproductive period (average 95 DAP). 27375668 8 39 from polysaccharides 1687:1701 arg1 wall 1715:1718 the cell wall 1706:1718 the cell wall 1706:1718 For both species, the amounts of structural polysaccharides in the cell wall, measured as monomeric components (glucose and pentose), decreased during grain fill but remained unchanged thereafter with maize biomass possessing slightly higher amounts than sorghum. 27375668 4 40 theme excess 939:944 arg1 photosynthate 946:958 excess photosynthate 939:958 excess photosynthate 939:958 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 2 41 theme stalk 396:400 arg1 juice 402:406 stalk juice 396:406 stalk juice 396:406 We examined carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass). 27375668 3 42 theme Remarkable 423:432 arg1 variation 434:442 Remarkable variation 423:442 Remarkable variation 423:442 Remarkable variation was observed for non-structural carbohydrates and structural polysaccharides during three key developmental stages both between and within hybrids developed for distinct end use in both species. 27375668 8 43 theme higher 1878:1883 arg1 amounts 1885:1891 slightly higher amounts 1869:1891 slightly higher amounts than sorghum 1869:1904 For both species, the amounts of structural polysaccharides in the cell wall, measured as monomeric components (glucose and pentose), decreased during grain fill but remained unchanged thereafter with maize biomass possessing slightly higher amounts than sorghum. 27375668 2 44 from sucrose 372:378 arg1 juice 402:406 stalk juice 396:406 stalk juice 396:406 We examined carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass). 27375668 9 45 theme carbohydrates 1923:1935 arg1 Availability 1907:1918 Availability 1907:1918 Availability of carbohydrates in maize and sorghum 1907:1956 Availability of carbohydrates in maize and sorghum highlights the potential for developing energy-rich dedicated biofuel or dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 2 46 from sweetness 383:391 arg1 juice 402:406 stalk juice 396:406 stalk juice 396:406 We examined carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass). 27375668 4 47 theme carbohydrates 765:777 arg1 accumulation 734:745 accumulation 734:745 accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined) 734:813 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 2 48 theme different 337:345 arg1 end 347:349 different end 337:349 different end 337:349 We examined carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass). 27375668 3 49 theme developmental 538:550 arg1 stages 552:557 three key developmental stages 528:557 three key developmental stages both between and within hybrids developed for distinct end use in both species 528:636 Remarkable variation was observed for non-structural carbohydrates and structural polysaccharides during three key developmental stages both between and within hybrids developed for distinct end use in both species. 27375668 6 50 from unchanged 1331:1339 arg1 maize 1344:1348 maize 1344:1348 maize (9-21%) 1344:1356 At physiological maturity of grain hybrids (average 120 DAP), amounts of these carbohydrates were generally unchanged in maize (9-21%) and sorghum (16-27%) suggesting a loss of photosynthetic assimilation due to weakening sink demand. 27375668 6 50 from unchanged 1331:1339 arg1 % 1355:1355 9-21% 1351:1355 9-21% 1351:1355 At physiological maturity of grain hybrids (average 120 DAP), amounts of these carbohydrates were generally unchanged in maize (9-21%) and sorghum (16-27%) suggesting a loss of photosynthetic assimilation due to weakening sink demand. 27375668 6 50 from unchanged 1331:1339 arg1 sorghum 1362:1368 sorghum 1362:1368 sorghum (16-27%) 1362:1377 At physiological maturity of grain hybrids (average 120 DAP), amounts of these carbohydrates were generally unchanged in maize (9-21%) and sorghum (16-27%) suggesting a loss of photosynthetic assimilation due to weakening sink demand. 27375668 6 50 from unchanged 1331:1339 arg1 % 1376:1376 16-27% 1371:1376 16-27% 1371:1376 At physiological maturity of grain hybrids (average 120 DAP), amounts of these carbohydrates were generally unchanged in maize (9-21%) and sorghum (16-27%) suggesting a loss of photosynthetic assimilation due to weakening sink demand. 27375668 4 51 theme free 780:783 arg1 carbohydrates 765:777 non-structural carbohydrates 750:777 non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined) 750:813 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 4 51 theme free 780:783 arg1 glucose 785:791 free glucose 780:791 free glucose 780:791 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 6 52 from maize 1344:1348 arg1 unchanged 1331:1339 unchanged 1331:1339 unchanged 1331:1339 At physiological maturity of grain hybrids (average 120 DAP), amounts of these carbohydrates were generally unchanged in maize (9-21%) and sorghum (16-27%) suggesting a loss of photosynthetic assimilation due to weakening sink demand. 27375668 4 53 theme vegetative 991:1000 arg1 strength 1007:1014 vegetative sink strength 991:1014 vegetative sink strength 991:1014 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 3 54 theme structural 494:503 arg1 polysaccharides 505:519 structural polysaccharides 494:519 structural polysaccharides 494:519 Remarkable variation was observed for non-structural carbohydrates and structural polysaccharides during three key developmental stages both between and within hybrids developed for distinct end use in both species. 27375668 8 55 theme monomeric 1733:1741 arg1 glucose 1755:1761 glucose 1755:1761 glucose 1755:1761 For both species, the amounts of structural polysaccharides in the cell wall, measured as monomeric components (glucose and pentose), decreased during grain fill but remained unchanged thereafter with maize biomass possessing slightly higher amounts than sorghum. 27375668 8 55 theme monomeric 1733:1741 arg1 components 1743:1752 monomeric components 1733:1752 monomeric components (glucose and pentose) 1733:1774 For both species, the amounts of structural polysaccharides in the cell wall, measured as monomeric components (glucose and pentose), decreased during grain fill but remained unchanged thereafter with maize biomass possessing slightly higher amounts than sorghum. 27375668 8 55 theme monomeric 1733:1741 arg1 pentose 1767:1773 pentose 1767:1773 pentose 1767:1773 For both species, the amounts of structural polysaccharides in the cell wall, measured as monomeric components (glucose and pentose), decreased during grain fill but remained unchanged thereafter with maize biomass possessing slightly higher amounts than sorghum. 27375668 4 56 theme strength 1007:1014 arg1 periods 967:973 periods 967:973 periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength 967:1014 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 2 57 theme maize 295:299 arg1 hybrids 301:307 adult sorghum and maize hybrids 277:307 hybrids 301:307 We examined carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass). 27375668 9 58 theme energy-rich 1998:2008 arg1 biofuel 2020:2026 energy-rich dedicated biofuel or dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops 1998:2063 biofuel 2020:2026 Availability of carbohydrates in maize and sorghum highlights the potential for developing energy-rich dedicated biofuel or dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 5 59 from maize 1131:1135 arg1 evident 1101:1107 evident 1101:1107 evident 1101:1107 Remobilization of these reserves for supporting grain fill or vegetative growth was evident from lower amounts in maize (8-19%) and sorghum (9-27%) near the end of the reproductive period (average 95 DAP). 27375668 3 60 theme key 534:536 arg1 stages 552:557 three key developmental stages 528:557 three key developmental stages both between and within hybrids developed for distinct end use in both species 528:636 Remarkable variation was observed for non-structural carbohydrates and structural polysaccharides during three key developmental stages both between and within hybrids developed for distinct end use in both species. 27375668 1 61 theme grasses 189:195 arg1 organs 158:163 vegetative organs 147:163 vegetative organs 147:163 Carbohydrates stored in vegetative organs, particularly stems, of grasses are a very important source of energy. 27375668 1 61 theme grasses 189:195 arg1 stems 179:183 stems 179:183 particularly stems 166:183 Carbohydrates stored in vegetative organs, particularly stems, of grasses are a very important source of energy. 27375668 8 62 dep components 1743:1752 arg1 glucose 1755:1761 glucose 1755:1761 glucose 1755:1761 For both species, the amounts of structural polysaccharides in the cell wall, measured as monomeric components (glucose and pentose), decreased during grain fill but remained unchanged thereafter with maize biomass possessing slightly higher amounts than sorghum. 27375668 8 62 dep components 1743:1752 arg1 components 1743:1752 monomeric components 1733:1752 monomeric components (glucose and pentose) 1733:1774 For both species, the amounts of structural polysaccharides in the cell wall, measured as monomeric components (glucose and pentose), decreased during grain fill but remained unchanged thereafter with maize biomass possessing slightly higher amounts than sorghum. 27375668 8 62 dep components 1743:1752 arg1 pentose 1767:1773 pentose 1767:1773 pentose 1767:1773 For both species, the amounts of structural polysaccharides in the cell wall, measured as monomeric components (glucose and pentose), decreased during grain fill but remained unchanged thereafter with maize biomass possessing slightly higher amounts than sorghum. 27375668 2 63 from grain 357:361 arg1 juice 402:406 stalk juice 396:406 stalk juice 396:406 We examined carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass). 27375668 5 64 from amounts 1120:1126 arg1 evident 1101:1107 evident 1101:1107 evident 1101:1107 Remobilization of these reserves for supporting grain fill or vegetative growth was evident from lower amounts in maize (8-19%) and sorghum (9-27%) near the end of the reproductive period (average 95 DAP). 27375668 4 65 dep carbohydrates 765:777 arg1 sucrose 797:803 sucrose 797:803 sucrose 797:803 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 4 65 dep carbohydrates 765:777 arg1 carbohydrates 765:777 non-structural carbohydrates 750:777 non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined) 750:813 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 4 65 dep carbohydrates 765:777 arg1 glucose 785:791 free glucose 780:791 free glucose 780:791 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 7 66 theme non-structural 1487:1500 arg1 carbohydrates 1502:1514 non-structural carbohydrates 1487:1514 non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) 1487:1567 Nonetheless, high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) highlight the potential for developing dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 2 67 from silage 364:369 arg1 juice 402:406 stalk juice 396:406 stalk juice 396:406 We examined carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass). 27375668 4 68 theme reproductive 659:670 arg1 days 690:693 average 65 days 679:693 average 65 days after planting 679:708 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 4 68 theme reproductive 659:670 arg1 phase 672:676 the reproductive phase 655:676 the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP) 655:714 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 9 69 theme dual-purpose 2031:2042 arg1 crops 2059:2063 energy-rich dedicated biofuel or dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops 1998:2063 crops 2059:2063 Availability of carbohydrates in maize and sorghum highlights the potential for developing energy-rich dedicated biofuel or dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 6 70 theme physiological 1226:1238 arg1 maturity 1240:1247 physiological maturity 1226:1247 physiological maturity of grain hybrids (average 120 DAP) 1226:1282 At physiological maturity of grain hybrids (average 120 DAP), amounts of these carbohydrates were generally unchanged in maize (9-21%) and sorghum (16-27%) suggesting a loss of photosynthetic assimilation due to weakening sink demand. 27375668 9 71 theme grain/stover 2045:2056 arg1 crops 2059:2063 energy-rich dedicated biofuel or dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops 1998:2063 crops 2059:2063 Availability of carbohydrates in maize and sorghum highlights the potential for developing energy-rich dedicated biofuel or dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 3 72 theme distinct 605:612 arg1 use 618:620 distinct end use 605:620 distinct end use in both species 605:636 Remarkable variation was observed for non-structural carbohydrates and structural polysaccharides during three key developmental stages both between and within hybrids developed for distinct end use in both species. 27375668 1 73 theme important 208:216 arg1 Carbohydrates 123:135 Carbohydrates 123:135 Carbohydrates stored in vegetative organs, particularly stems, of grasses 123:195 Carbohydrates stored in vegetative organs, particularly stems, of grasses are a very important source of energy. 27375668 1 73 theme important 208:216 arg1 source 218:223 a very important source 201:223 a very important source of energy 201:233 Carbohydrates stored in vegetative organs, particularly stems, of grasses are a very important source of energy. 27375668 7 74 from maturity 1519:1526 arg1 amounts 1476:1482 high amounts 1471:1482 high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) 1471:1567 Nonetheless, high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) highlight the potential for developing dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 7 74 from maturity 1519:1526 arg1 carbohydrates 1502:1514 non-structural carbohydrates 1487:1514 non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) 1487:1567 Nonetheless, high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) highlight the potential for developing dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 6 75 theme hybrids 1258:1264 arg1 maturity 1240:1247 physiological maturity 1226:1247 physiological maturity of grain hybrids (average 120 DAP) 1226:1282 At physiological maturity of grain hybrids (average 120 DAP), amounts of these carbohydrates were generally unchanged in maize (9-21%) and sorghum (16-27%) suggesting a loss of photosynthetic assimilation due to weakening sink demand. 27375668 6 76 theme sink 1445:1448 arg1 demand 1450:1455 weakening sink demand 1435:1455 weakening sink demand 1435:1455 At physiological maturity of grain hybrids (average 120 DAP), amounts of these carbohydrates were generally unchanged in maize (9-21%) and sorghum (16-27%) suggesting a loss of photosynthetic assimilation due to weakening sink demand. 27375668 5 77 from sorghum 1149:1155 arg1 evident 1101:1107 evident 1101:1107 evident 1101:1107 Remobilization of these reserves for supporting grain fill or vegetative growth was evident from lower amounts in maize (8-19%) and sorghum (9-27%) near the end of the reproductive period (average 95 DAP). 27375668 2 78 with sorghum 283:289 arg1 end 347:349 different end 337:349 different end 337:349 We examined carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass). 27375668 2 78 with sorghum 283:289 arg1 phenology 323:331 distinct phenology 314:331 distinct phenology 314:331 We examined carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass). 27375668 7 79 from maize 1542:1546 arg1 amounts 1476:1482 high amounts 1471:1482 high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) 1471:1567 Nonetheless, high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) highlight the potential for developing dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 7 79 from maize 1542:1546 arg1 carbohydrates 1502:1514 non-structural carbohydrates 1487:1514 non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) 1487:1567 Nonetheless, high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) highlight the potential for developing dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 5 80 theme reproductive 1185:1196 arg1 DAP 1217:1219 average 95 DAP 1206:1219 average 95 DAP 1206:1219 Remobilization of these reserves for supporting grain fill or vegetative growth was evident from lower amounts in maize (8-19%) and sorghum (9-27%) near the end of the reproductive period (average 95 DAP). 27375668 5 80 theme reproductive 1185:1196 arg1 period 1198:1203 the reproductive period 1181:1203 the reproductive period (average 95 DAP) 1181:1220 Remobilization of these reserves for supporting grain fill or vegetative growth was evident from lower amounts in maize (8-19%) and sorghum (9-27%) near the end of the reproductive period (average 95 DAP). 27375668 8 81 theme grain 1794:1798 arg1 fill 1800:1803 grain fill 1794:1803 grain fill 1794:1803 For both species, the amounts of structural polysaccharides in the cell wall, measured as monomeric components (glucose and pentose), decreased during grain fill but remained unchanged thereafter with maize biomass possessing slightly higher amounts than sorghum. 27375668 2 82 theme carbohydrate 248:259 arg1 accumulation 261:272 carbohydrate accumulation 248:272 carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass) 248:420 We examined carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass). 27375668 6 83 theme assimilation 1415:1426 arg1 loss 1392:1395 a loss 1390:1395 a loss of photosynthetic assimilation due to weakening sink demand 1390:1455 At physiological maturity of grain hybrids (average 120 DAP), amounts of these carbohydrates were generally unchanged in maize (9-21%) and sorghum (16-27%) suggesting a loss of photosynthetic assimilation due to weakening sink demand. 27375668 2 84 from biomass 413:419 arg1 juice 402:406 stalk juice 396:406 stalk juice 396:406 We examined carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass). 27375668 7 85 from sorghum 1552:1558 arg1 amounts 1476:1482 high amounts 1471:1482 high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) 1471:1567 Nonetheless, high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) highlight the potential for developing dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 7 85 from sorghum 1552:1558 arg1 carbohydrates 1502:1514 non-structural carbohydrates 1487:1514 non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) 1487:1567 Nonetheless, high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) highlight the potential for developing dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 9 86 from carbohydrates 1923:1935 arg1 maize 1940:1944 maize 1940:1944 maize 1940:1944 Availability of carbohydrates in maize and sorghum highlights the potential for developing energy-rich dedicated biofuel or dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 9 86 from carbohydrates 1923:1935 arg1 sorghum 1950:1956 sorghum 1950:1956 sorghum 1950:1956 Availability of carbohydrates in maize and sorghum highlights the potential for developing energy-rich dedicated biofuel or dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 6 87 theme average 1267:1273 arg1 hybrids 1258:1264 grain hybrids 1252:1264 grain hybrids (average 120 DAP) 1252:1282 At physiological maturity of grain hybrids (average 120 DAP), amounts of these carbohydrates were generally unchanged in maize (9-21%) and sorghum (16-27%) suggesting a loss of photosynthetic assimilation due to weakening sink demand. 27375668 6 87 theme average 1267:1273 arg1 DAP 1279:1281 average 120 DAP 1267:1281 average 120 DAP 1267:1281 At physiological maturity of grain hybrids (average 120 DAP), amounts of these carbohydrates were generally unchanged in maize (9-21%) and sorghum (16-27%) suggesting a loss of photosynthetic assimilation due to weakening sink demand. 27375668 4 88 theme transient 918:926 arg1 storage 928:934 transient storage 918:934 transient storage of excess photosynthate 918:958 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 0 89 from Composition 7:17 arg1 Sorghum 32:38 Sorghum 32:38 Sorghum 32:38 Stover Composition in Maize and Sorghum Reveals Remarkable Genetic Variation and Plasticity for Carbohydrate Accumulation. 27375668 0 89 from Composition 7:17 arg1 Maize 22:26 Maize 22:26 Maize 22:26 Stover Composition in Maize and Sorghum Reveals Remarkable Genetic Variation and Plasticity for Carbohydrate Accumulation. 27375668 8 90 from amounts 1665:1671 arg1 wall 1715:1718 the cell wall 1706:1718 the cell wall 1706:1718 For both species, the amounts of structural polysaccharides in the cell wall, measured as monomeric components (glucose and pentose), decreased during grain fill but remained unchanged thereafter with maize biomass possessing slightly higher amounts than sorghum. 27375668 0 91 theme Carbohydrate 96:107 arg1 Accumulation 109:120 Carbohydrate Accumulation 96:120 Carbohydrate Accumulation 96:120 Stover Composition in Maize and Sorghum Reveals Remarkable Genetic Variation and Plasticity for Carbohydrate Accumulation. 27375668 4 92 dep days 690:693 arg1 DAP 711:713 DAP 711:713 DAP 711:713 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 9 93 from sorghum 1950:1956 arg1 Availability 1907:1918 Availability 1907:1918 Availability of carbohydrates in maize and sorghum 1907:1956 Availability of carbohydrates in maize and sorghum highlights the potential for developing energy-rich dedicated biofuel or dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 3 94 from use 618:620 arg1 species 630:636 both species 625:636 both species 625:636 Remarkable variation was observed for non-structural carbohydrates and structural polysaccharides during three key developmental stages both between and within hybrids developed for distinct end use in both species. 27375668 6 95 from maturity 1240:1247 arg1 unchanged 1331:1339 unchanged 1331:1339 unchanged 1331:1339 At physiological maturity of grain hybrids (average 120 DAP), amounts of these carbohydrates were generally unchanged in maize (9-21%) and sorghum (16-27%) suggesting a loss of photosynthetic assimilation due to weakening sink demand. 27375668 7 96 from amounts 1476:1482 arg1 % 1566:1566 15-18% 1561:1566 15-18% 1561:1566 Nonetheless, high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) highlight the potential for developing dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 7 96 from amounts 1476:1482 arg1 maize 1542:1546 grain maize 1536:1546 grain maize 1536:1546 Nonetheless, high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) highlight the potential for developing dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 7 96 from amounts 1476:1482 arg1 maturity 1519:1526 maturity 1519:1526 maturity 1519:1526 Nonetheless, high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) highlight the potential for developing dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 7 96 from amounts 1476:1482 arg1 sorghum 1552:1558 sorghum 1552:1558 sorghum (15-18%) 1552:1567 Nonetheless, high amounts of non-structural carbohydrates at maturity even in grain maize and sorghum (15-18%) highlight the potential for developing dual-purpose (grain/stover) crops. 27375668 5 97 theme grain 1065:1069 arg1 fill 1071:1074 grain fill 1065:1074 grain fill 1065:1074 Remobilization of these reserves for supporting grain fill or vegetative growth was evident from lower amounts in maize (8-19%) and sorghum (9-27%) near the end of the reproductive period (average 95 DAP). 27375668 8 98 from wall 1715:1718 arg1 amounts 1665:1671 the amounts 1661:1671 the amounts 1661:1671 For both species, the amounts of structural polysaccharides in the cell wall, measured as monomeric components (glucose and pentose), decreased during grain fill but remained unchanged thereafter with maize biomass possessing slightly higher amounts than sorghum. 27375668 8 98 from wall 1715:1718 arg1 polysaccharides 1687:1701 structural polysaccharides 1676:1701 structural polysaccharides in the cell wall 1676:1718 For both species, the amounts of structural polysaccharides in the cell wall, measured as monomeric components (glucose and pentose), decreased during grain fill but remained unchanged thereafter with maize biomass possessing slightly higher amounts than sorghum. 27375668 6 99 theme carbohydrates 1302:1314 arg1 amounts 1285:1291 amounts 1285:1291 amounts of these carbohydrates 1285:1314 At physiological maturity of grain hybrids (average 120 DAP), amounts of these carbohydrates were generally unchanged in maize (9-21%) and sorghum (16-27%) suggesting a loss of photosynthetic assimilation due to weakening sink demand. 27375668 6 99 theme carbohydrates 1302:1314 arg1 carbohydrates 1302:1314 these carbohydrates 1296:1314 these carbohydrates 1296:1314 At physiological maturity of grain hybrids (average 120 DAP), amounts of these carbohydrates were generally unchanged in maize (9-21%) and sorghum (16-27%) suggesting a loss of photosynthetic assimilation due to weakening sink demand. 27375668 8 100 theme structural 1676:1685 arg1 polysaccharides 1687:1701 structural polysaccharides 1676:1701 structural polysaccharides in the cell wall 1676:1718 For both species, the amounts of structural polysaccharides in the cell wall, measured as monomeric components (glucose and pentose), decreased during grain fill but remained unchanged thereafter with maize biomass possessing slightly higher amounts than sorghum. 27375668 4 101 theme low 978:980 arg1 grain 982:986 low grain 978:986 low grain 978:986 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 2 102 from accumulation 261:272 arg1 sorghum 283:289 adult sorghum and maize hybrids 277:307 sorghum 283:289 We examined carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass). 27375668 2 102 from accumulation 261:272 arg1 hybrids 301:307 adult sorghum and maize hybrids 277:307 hybrids 301:307 We examined carbohydrate accumulation in adult sorghum and maize hybrids with distinct phenology and different end uses (grain, silage, sucrose or sweetness in stalk juice, and biomass). 27375668 0 103 theme Remarkable 48:57 arg1 Variation 67:75 Remarkable Genetic Variation 48:75 Remarkable Genetic Variation 48:75 Stover Composition in Maize and Sorghum Reveals Remarkable Genetic Variation and Plasticity for Carbohydrate Accumulation. 27375668 4 104 theme photosynthate 946:958 arg1 storage 928:934 transient storage 918:934 transient storage of excess photosynthate 918:958 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 5 105 theme lower 1114:1118 arg1 amounts 1120:1126 lower amounts 1114:1126 lower amounts 1114:1126 Remobilization of these reserves for supporting grain fill or vegetative growth was evident from lower amounts in maize (8-19%) and sorghum (9-27%) near the end of the reproductive period (average 95 DAP). 27375668 8 106 contain possessing 1858:1867 arg2 amounts 1885:1891 slightly higher amounts 1869:1891 slightly higher amounts than sorghum 1869:1904 For both species, the amounts of structural polysaccharides in the cell wall, measured as monomeric components (glucose and pentose), decreased during grain fill but remained unchanged thereafter with maize biomass possessing slightly higher amounts than sorghum. 27375668 8 106 contain possessing 1858:1867 arg1 biomass 1850:1856 maize biomass 1844:1856 maize biomass possessing slightly higher amounts than sorghum 1844:1904 For both species, the amounts of structural polysaccharides in the cell wall, measured as monomeric components (glucose and pentose), decreased during grain fill but remained unchanged thereafter with maize biomass possessing slightly higher amounts than sorghum. 27375668 4 107 theme non-structural 750:763 arg1 sucrose 797:803 sucrose 797:803 sucrose 797:803 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 4 107 theme non-structural 750:763 arg1 carbohydrates 765:777 non-structural carbohydrates 750:777 non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined) 750:813 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 4 107 theme non-structural 750:763 arg1 glucose 785:791 free glucose 780:791 free glucose 780:791 At the onset of the reproductive phase (average 65 days after planting, DAP), a wide range for accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (free glucose and sucrose combined), was observed in internodes of maize (11-24%) and sorghum (7-36%) indicating substantial variation for transient storage of excess photosynthate during periods of low grain or vegetative sink strength. 27375668 3 108 theme non-structural 461:474 arg1 carbohydrates 476:488 non-structural carbohydrates 461:488 non-structural carbohydrates 461:488 Remarkable variation was observed for non-structural carbohydrates and structural polysaccharides during three key developmental stages both between and within hybrids developed for distinct end use in both species. 27375668 1 109 theme energy 228:233 arg1 Carbohydrates 123:135 Carbohydrates 123:135 Carbohydrates stored in vegetative organs, particularly stems, of grasses 123:195 Carbohydrates stored in vegetative organs, particularly stems, of grasses are a very important source of energy. 27375668 1 109 theme energy 228:233 arg1 source 218:223 a very important source 201:223 a very important source of energy 201:233 Carbohydrates stored in vegetative organs, particularly stems, of grasses are a very important source of energy. 25966853 4 0 theme N-linked 715:722 arg1 chain 729:733 the N-linked side chain 711:733 the N-linked side chain of SMTP congeners 711:751 The results clearly demonstrate that the structure of the N-linked side chain of SMTP congeners markedly affect their activities toward plasminogen modulation and inhibitions of the two activities of sEH (C-terminal epoxide hydrolase and N-terminal phosphatase). 25966853 4 1 theme chain 729:733 arg1 structure 698:706 the structure 694:706 the structure of the N-linked side chain of SMTP congeners 694:751 The results clearly demonstrate that the structure of the N-linked side chain of SMTP congeners markedly affect their activities toward plasminogen modulation and inhibitions of the two activities of sEH (C-terminal epoxide hydrolase and N-terminal phosphatase). 25966853 7 2 theme sEH 1268:1270 arg1 activities 1254:1263 both activities 1249:1263 both activities of sEH 1249:1270 Some congeners were active in plasminogen modulation and inhibition of both activities of sEH. 25966853 3 3 theme detailed 508:515 arg1 relationships 536:548 detailed structure-activity relationships 508:548 detailed structure-activity relationships of plasminogen modulation and sEH inhibition 508:593 In this paper, we studied detailed structure-activity relationships of plasminogen modulation and sEH inhibition using 25 SMTP congeners including six newly synthesized ones. 25966853 0 4 theme soluble 101:107 arg1 hydrolase 117:125 soluble epoxide hydrolase 101:125 soluble epoxide hydrolase 101:125 Structure-activity relationships of the plasminogen modulator SMTP with respect to the inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase. 25966853 7 5 from active 1198:1203 arg1 inhibition 1235:1244 inhibition 1235:1244 inhibition of both activities of sEH 1235:1270 Some congeners were active in plasminogen modulation and inhibition of both activities of sEH. 25966853 7 5 from active 1198:1203 arg1 modulation 1220:1229 plasminogen modulation 1208:1229 plasminogen modulation 1208:1229 Some congeners were active in plasminogen modulation and inhibition of both activities of sEH. 25966853 4 6 theme C-terminal 862:871 arg1 hydrolase 881:889 C-terminal epoxide hydrolase 862:889 C-terminal epoxide hydrolase 862:889 The results clearly demonstrate that the structure of the N-linked side chain of SMTP congeners markedly affect their activities toward plasminogen modulation and inhibitions of the two activities of sEH (C-terminal epoxide hydrolase and N-terminal phosphatase). 25966853 3 7 theme modulation 565:574 arg1 relationships 536:548 detailed structure-activity relationships 508:548 detailed structure-activity relationships of plasminogen modulation and sEH inhibition 508:593 In this paper, we studied detailed structure-activity relationships of plasminogen modulation and sEH inhibition using 25 SMTP congeners including six newly synthesized ones. 25966853 7 8 theme activities 1254:1263 arg1 inhibition 1235:1244 inhibition 1235:1244 inhibition of both activities of sEH 1235:1270 Some congeners were active in plasminogen modulation and inhibition of both activities of sEH. 25966853 7 8 theme activities 1254:1263 arg1 modulation 1220:1229 plasminogen modulation 1208:1229 plasminogen modulation 1208:1229 Some congeners were active in plasminogen modulation and inhibition of both activities of sEH. 25966853 5 9 theme congeners 1004:1012 arg1 selectivity 984:994 selectivity 984:994 selectivity of SMTP congeners 984:1012 A slight change in the N-linked side chain results in affording selectivity of SMTP congeners. 25966853 4 10 theme plasminogen 793:803 arg1 modulation 805:814 plasminogen modulation 793:814 plasminogen modulation 793:814 The results clearly demonstrate that the structure of the N-linked side chain of SMTP congeners markedly affect their activities toward plasminogen modulation and inhibitions of the two activities of sEH (C-terminal epoxide hydrolase and N-terminal phosphatase). 25966853 6 11 theme N-linked 1157:1164 arg1 chain 1171:1175 the N-linked side chain 1153:1175 the N-linked side chain 1153:1175 Many congeners, which lacked plasminogen modulation activity, differently inhibited the two sEH activities depending on the structures of the N-linked side chain. 25966853 0 12 theme hydrolase 117:125 arg1 inhibition 87:96 the inhibition 83:96 the inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase 83:125 Structure-activity relationships of the plasminogen modulator SMTP with respect to the inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase. 25966853 4 13 theme SMTP 738:741 arg1 congeners 743:751 SMTP congeners 738:751 SMTP congeners 738:751 The results clearly demonstrate that the structure of the N-linked side chain of SMTP congeners markedly affect their activities toward plasminogen modulation and inhibitions of the two activities of sEH (C-terminal epoxide hydrolase and N-terminal phosphatase). 25966853 7 14 theme plasminogen 1208:1218 arg1 modulation 1220:1229 plasminogen modulation 1208:1229 plasminogen modulation 1208:1229 Some congeners were active in plasminogen modulation and inhibition of both activities of sEH. 25966853 5 15 from change 929:934 arg1 chain 957:961 the N-linked side chain 939:961 the N-linked side chain 939:961 A slight change in the N-linked side chain results in affording selectivity of SMTP congeners. 25966853 8 16 theme ideal 1323:1327 arg1 design 1329:1334 ideal design 1323:1334 ideal design of a drug useful for ischemic diseases that are associated with inflammation, such as stroke 1323:1427 These results help comprehensive understanding of ideal design of a drug useful for ischemic diseases that are associated with inflammation, such as stroke. 25966853 0 17 theme epoxide 109:115 arg1 hydrolase 117:125 soluble epoxide hydrolase 101:125 soluble epoxide hydrolase 101:125 Structure-activity relationships of the plasminogen modulator SMTP with respect to the inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase. 25966853 7 18 from modulation 1220:1229 arg1 active 1198:1203 active 1198:1203 active 1198:1203 Some congeners were active in plasminogen modulation and inhibition of both activities of sEH. 25966853 4 19 theme epoxide 873:879 arg1 hydrolase 881:889 C-terminal epoxide hydrolase 862:889 C-terminal epoxide hydrolase 862:889 The results clearly demonstrate that the structure of the N-linked side chain of SMTP congeners markedly affect their activities toward plasminogen modulation and inhibitions of the two activities of sEH (C-terminal epoxide hydrolase and N-terminal phosphatase). 25966853 3 20 theme plasminogen 553:563 arg1 modulation 565:574 plasminogen modulation 553:574 plasminogen modulation 553:574 In this paper, we studied detailed structure-activity relationships of plasminogen modulation and sEH inhibition using 25 SMTP congeners including six newly synthesized ones. 25966853 4 21 theme N-terminal 895:904 arg1 phosphatase 906:916 N-terminal phosphatase 895:916 N-terminal phosphatase 895:916 The results clearly demonstrate that the structure of the N-linked side chain of SMTP congeners markedly affect their activities toward plasminogen modulation and inhibitions of the two activities of sEH (C-terminal epoxide hydrolase and N-terminal phosphatase). 25966853 8 22 theme comprehensive 1292:1304 arg1 understanding 1306:1318 comprehensive understanding 1292:1318 comprehensive understanding of ideal design of a drug useful for ischemic diseases that are associated with inflammation, such as stroke 1292:1427 These results help comprehensive understanding of ideal design of a drug useful for ischemic diseases that are associated with inflammation, such as stroke. 25966853 0 23 theme Structure-activity 0:17 arg1 relationships 19:31 Structure-activity relationships 0:31 Structure-activity relationships of the plasminogen modulator SMTP with respect to the inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase. 0:126 Structure-activity relationships of the plasminogen modulator SMTP with respect to the inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase. 25966853 6 24 theme Many 1015:1018 arg1 congeners 1020:1028 Many congeners 1015:1028 Many congeners 1015:1028 Many congeners, which lacked plasminogen modulation activity, differently inhibited the two sEH activities depending on the structures of the N-linked side chain. 25966853 2 25 theme ischemic 327:334 arg1 stroke 336:341 ischemic stroke 327:341 ischemic stroke 327:341 We recently demonstrated that SMTP-7 effectively treats ischemic stroke due to its thrombolytic activity as well as anti-inflammatory action, which is attributable to soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition. 25966853 2 26 theme anti-inflammatory 387:403 arg1 action 405:410 anti-inflammatory action 387:410 its thrombolytic activity as well as anti-inflammatory action 350:410 We recently demonstrated that SMTP-7 effectively treats ischemic stroke due to its thrombolytic activity as well as anti-inflammatory action, which is attributable to soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition. 25966853 2 27 theme hydrolase 454:462 arg1 inhibition 470:479 soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition 438:479 soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition 438:479 We recently demonstrated that SMTP-7 effectively treats ischemic stroke due to its thrombolytic activity as well as anti-inflammatory action, which is attributable to soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition. 25966853 8 28 theme useful 1346:1351 arg1 drug 1341:1344 a drug 1339:1344 a drug useful for ischemic diseases that are associated with inflammation, such as stroke 1339:1427 These results help comprehensive understanding of ideal design of a drug useful for ischemic diseases that are associated with inflammation, such as stroke. 25966853 3 29 theme sEH 580:582 arg1 relationships 536:548 detailed structure-activity relationships 508:548 detailed structure-activity relationships of plasminogen modulation and sEH inhibition 508:593 In this paper, we studied detailed structure-activity relationships of plasminogen modulation and sEH inhibition using 25 SMTP congeners including six newly synthesized ones. 25966853 2 30 theme soluble 438:444 arg1 sEH 465:467 sEH 465:467 sEH 465:467 We recently demonstrated that SMTP-7 effectively treats ischemic stroke due to its thrombolytic activity as well as anti-inflammatory action, which is attributable to soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition. 25966853 2 30 theme soluble 438:444 arg1 hydrolase 454:462 soluble epoxide hydrolase 438:462 soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition 438:479 We recently demonstrated that SMTP-7 effectively treats ischemic stroke due to its thrombolytic activity as well as anti-inflammatory action, which is attributable to soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition. 25966853 2 31 theme epoxide 446:452 arg1 sEH 465:467 sEH 465:467 sEH 465:467 We recently demonstrated that SMTP-7 effectively treats ischemic stroke due to its thrombolytic activity as well as anti-inflammatory action, which is attributable to soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition. 25966853 2 31 theme epoxide 446:452 arg1 hydrolase 454:462 soluble epoxide hydrolase 438:462 soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition 438:479 We recently demonstrated that SMTP-7 effectively treats ischemic stroke due to its thrombolytic activity as well as anti-inflammatory action, which is attributable to soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition. 25966853 7 32 from inhibition 1235:1244 arg1 active 1198:1203 active 1198:1203 active 1198:1203 Some congeners were active in plasminogen modulation and inhibition of both activities of sEH. 25966853 4 33 theme side 724:727 arg1 chain 729:733 the N-linked side chain 711:733 the N-linked side chain of SMTP congeners 711:751 The results clearly demonstrate that the structure of the N-linked side chain of SMTP congeners markedly affect their activities toward plasminogen modulation and inhibitions of the two activities of sEH (C-terminal epoxide hydrolase and N-terminal phosphatase). 25966853 3 34 theme structure-activity 517:534 arg1 relationships 536:548 detailed structure-activity relationships 508:548 detailed structure-activity relationships of plasminogen modulation and sEH inhibition 508:593 In this paper, we studied detailed structure-activity relationships of plasminogen modulation and sEH inhibition using 25 SMTP congeners including six newly synthesized ones. 25966853 0 35 theme modulator 52:60 arg1 SMTP 62:65 the plasminogen modulator SMTP 36:65 the plasminogen modulator SMTP 36:65 Structure-activity relationships of the plasminogen modulator SMTP with respect to the inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase. 25966853 6 36 theme chain 1171:1175 arg1 structures 1139:1148 the structures 1135:1148 the structures of the N-linked side chain 1135:1175 Many congeners, which lacked plasminogen modulation activity, differently inhibited the two sEH activities depending on the structures of the N-linked side chain. 25966853 6 37 link N-linked 1157:1164 arg1 chain 1171:1175 the N-linked side chain 1153:1175 the N-linked side chain 1153:1175 Many congeners, which lacked plasminogen modulation activity, differently inhibited the two sEH activities depending on the structures of the N-linked side chain. 25966853 4 38 theme sEH 857:859 arg1 activities 843:852 the two activities 835:852 the two activities of sEH (C-terminal epoxide hydrolase and N-terminal phosphatase) 835:917 The results clearly demonstrate that the structure of the N-linked side chain of SMTP congeners markedly affect their activities toward plasminogen modulation and inhibitions of the two activities of sEH (C-terminal epoxide hydrolase and N-terminal phosphatase). 25966853 1 39 theme small-molecule 171:184 arg1 family 130:135 A family 128:135 A family of fungal metabolites 128:157 A family of fungal metabolites, SMTP, is a small-molecule plasminogen modulator that enhances plasminogen activation, leading to thrombolysis. 25966853 1 39 theme small-molecule 171:184 arg1 modulator 198:206 a small-molecule plasminogen modulator 169:206 a small-molecule plasminogen modulator that enhances plasminogen activation, leading to thrombolysis 169:268 A family of fungal metabolites, SMTP, is a small-molecule plasminogen modulator that enhances plasminogen activation, leading to thrombolysis. 25966853 4 40 dep sEH 857:859 arg1 hydrolase 881:889 C-terminal epoxide hydrolase 862:889 C-terminal epoxide hydrolase 862:889 The results clearly demonstrate that the structure of the N-linked side chain of SMTP congeners markedly affect their activities toward plasminogen modulation and inhibitions of the two activities of sEH (C-terminal epoxide hydrolase and N-terminal phosphatase). 25966853 4 40 dep sEH 857:859 arg1 phosphatase 906:916 N-terminal phosphatase 895:916 N-terminal phosphatase 895:916 The results clearly demonstrate that the structure of the N-linked side chain of SMTP congeners markedly affect their activities toward plasminogen modulation and inhibitions of the two activities of sEH (C-terminal epoxide hydrolase and N-terminal phosphatase). 25966853 0 41 theme plasminogen 40:50 arg1 SMTP 62:65 the plasminogen modulator SMTP 36:65 the plasminogen modulator SMTP 36:65 Structure-activity relationships of the plasminogen modulator SMTP with respect to the inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase. 25966853 8 42 theme ischemic 1357:1364 arg1 diseases 1366:1373 ischemic diseases 1357:1373 ischemic diseases 1357:1373 These results help comprehensive understanding of ideal design of a drug useful for ischemic diseases that are associated with inflammation, such as stroke. 25966853 8 42 theme ischemic 1357:1364 arg1 stroke 1422:1427 stroke 1422:1427 stroke 1422:1427 These results help comprehensive understanding of ideal design of a drug useful for ischemic diseases that are associated with inflammation, such as stroke. 25966853 8 43 theme design 1329:1334 arg1 understanding 1306:1318 comprehensive understanding 1292:1318 comprehensive understanding of ideal design of a drug useful for ischemic diseases that are associated with inflammation, such as stroke 1292:1427 These results help comprehensive understanding of ideal design of a drug useful for ischemic diseases that are associated with inflammation, such as stroke. 25966853 8 44 theme drug 1341:1344 arg1 design 1329:1334 ideal design 1323:1334 ideal design of a drug useful for ischemic diseases that are associated with inflammation, such as stroke 1323:1427 These results help comprehensive understanding of ideal design of a drug useful for ischemic diseases that are associated with inflammation, such as stroke. 25966853 5 45 theme slight 922:927 arg1 change 929:934 A slight change 920:934 A slight change in the N-linked side chain 920:961 A slight change in the N-linked side chain results in affording selectivity of SMTP congeners. 25966853 3 46 theme SMTP 604:607 arg1 ones 651:654 six newly synthesized ones 629:654 six newly synthesized ones 629:654 In this paper, we studied detailed structure-activity relationships of plasminogen modulation and sEH inhibition using 25 SMTP congeners including six newly synthesized ones. 25966853 3 46 theme SMTP 604:607 arg1 congeners 609:617 25 SMTP congeners 601:617 25 SMTP congeners including six newly synthesized ones 601:654 In this paper, we studied detailed structure-activity relationships of plasminogen modulation and sEH inhibition using 25 SMTP congeners including six newly synthesized ones. 25966853 2 47 theme thrombolytic 354:365 arg1 activity 367:374 its thrombolytic activity 350:374 its thrombolytic activity as well as anti-inflammatory action 350:410 We recently demonstrated that SMTP-7 effectively treats ischemic stroke due to its thrombolytic activity as well as anti-inflammatory action, which is attributable to soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition. 25966853 0 48 theme SMTP 62:65 arg1 relationships 19:31 Structure-activity relationships 0:31 Structure-activity relationships of the plasminogen modulator SMTP with respect to the inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase. 0:126 Structure-activity relationships of the plasminogen modulator SMTP with respect to the inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase. 25966853 6 49 theme sEH 1107:1109 arg1 activities 1111:1120 the two sEH activities 1099:1120 the two sEH activities 1099:1120 Many congeners, which lacked plasminogen modulation activity, differently inhibited the two sEH activities depending on the structures of the N-linked side chain. 25966853 5 50 theme side 952:955 arg1 chain 957:961 the N-linked side chain 939:961 the N-linked side chain 939:961 A slight change in the N-linked side chain results in affording selectivity of SMTP congeners. 25966853 5 51 link N-linked 943:950 arg1 chain 957:961 the N-linked side chain 939:961 the N-linked side chain 939:961 A slight change in the N-linked side chain results in affording selectivity of SMTP congeners. 25966853 3 52 dep modulation 565:574 arg1 inhibition 584:593 inhibition 584:593 inhibition 584:593 In this paper, we studied detailed structure-activity relationships of plasminogen modulation and sEH inhibition using 25 SMTP congeners including six newly synthesized ones. 25966853 4 53 link N-linked 715:722 arg1 chain 729:733 the N-linked side chain 711:733 the N-linked side chain of SMTP congeners 711:751 The results clearly demonstrate that the structure of the N-linked side chain of SMTP congeners markedly affect their activities toward plasminogen modulation and inhibitions of the two activities of sEH (C-terminal epoxide hydrolase and N-terminal phosphatase). 25966853 1 54 theme plasminogen 222:232 arg1 activation 234:243 plasminogen activation 222:243 plasminogen activation 222:243 A family of fungal metabolites, SMTP, is a small-molecule plasminogen modulator that enhances plasminogen activation, leading to thrombolysis. 25966853 5 55 theme N-linked 943:950 arg1 chain 957:961 the N-linked side chain 939:961 the N-linked side chain 939:961 A slight change in the N-linked side chain results in affording selectivity of SMTP congeners. 25966853 5 56 theme SMTP 999:1002 arg1 congeners 1004:1012 SMTP congeners 999:1012 SMTP congeners 999:1012 A slight change in the N-linked side chain results in affording selectivity of SMTP congeners. 25966853 4 57 theme congeners 743:751 arg1 chain 729:733 the N-linked side chain 711:733 the N-linked side chain of SMTP congeners 711:751 The results clearly demonstrate that the structure of the N-linked side chain of SMTP congeners markedly affect their activities toward plasminogen modulation and inhibitions of the two activities of sEH (C-terminal epoxide hydrolase and N-terminal phosphatase). 25966853 6 58 theme side 1166:1169 arg1 chain 1171:1175 the N-linked side chain 1153:1175 the N-linked side chain 1153:1175 Many congeners, which lacked plasminogen modulation activity, differently inhibited the two sEH activities depending on the structures of the N-linked side chain. 25966853 4 59 theme activities 843:852 arg1 modulation 805:814 plasminogen modulation 793:814 plasminogen modulation 793:814 The results clearly demonstrate that the structure of the N-linked side chain of SMTP congeners markedly affect their activities toward plasminogen modulation and inhibitions of the two activities of sEH (C-terminal epoxide hydrolase and N-terminal phosphatase). 25966853 4 59 theme activities 843:852 arg1 inhibitions 820:830 inhibitions 820:830 inhibitions 820:830 The results clearly demonstrate that the structure of the N-linked side chain of SMTP congeners markedly affect their activities toward plasminogen modulation and inhibitions of the two activities of sEH (C-terminal epoxide hydrolase and N-terminal phosphatase). 25966853 1 60 theme plasminogen 186:196 arg1 family 130:135 A family 128:135 A family of fungal metabolites 128:157 A family of fungal metabolites, SMTP, is a small-molecule plasminogen modulator that enhances plasminogen activation, leading to thrombolysis. 25966853 1 60 theme plasminogen 186:196 arg1 modulator 198:206 a small-molecule plasminogen modulator 169:206 a small-molecule plasminogen modulator that enhances plasminogen activation, leading to thrombolysis 169:268 A family of fungal metabolites, SMTP, is a small-molecule plasminogen modulator that enhances plasminogen activation, leading to thrombolysis. 25966853 1 61 theme fungal 140:145 arg1 metabolites 147:157 fungal metabolites 140:157 fungal metabolites 140:157 A family of fungal metabolites, SMTP, is a small-molecule plasminogen modulator that enhances plasminogen activation, leading to thrombolysis. 25966853 6 62 theme modulation 1056:1065 arg1 activity 1067:1074 plasminogen modulation activity 1044:1074 plasminogen modulation activity 1044:1074 Many congeners, which lacked plasminogen modulation activity, differently inhibited the two sEH activities depending on the structures of the N-linked side chain. 25966853 3 63 theme synthesized 639:649 arg1 ones 651:654 six newly synthesized ones 629:654 six newly synthesized ones 629:654 In this paper, we studied detailed structure-activity relationships of plasminogen modulation and sEH inhibition using 25 SMTP congeners including six newly synthesized ones. 25966853 1 64 theme metabolites 147:157 arg1 family 130:135 A family 128:135 A family of fungal metabolites 128:157 A family of fungal metabolites, SMTP, is a small-molecule plasminogen modulator that enhances plasminogen activation, leading to thrombolysis. 25966853 1 64 theme metabolites 147:157 arg1 modulator 198:206 a small-molecule plasminogen modulator 169:206 a small-molecule plasminogen modulator that enhances plasminogen activation, leading to thrombolysis 169:268 A family of fungal metabolites, SMTP, is a small-molecule plasminogen modulator that enhances plasminogen activation, leading to thrombolysis. 25966853 1 64 theme metabolites 147:157 arg1 SMTP 160:163 SMTP 160:163 SMTP 160:163 A family of fungal metabolites, SMTP, is a small-molecule plasminogen modulator that enhances plasminogen activation, leading to thrombolysis. 25966853 6 65 theme plasminogen 1044:1054 arg1 activity 1067:1074 plasminogen modulation activity 1044:1074 plasminogen modulation activity 1044:1074 Many congeners, which lacked plasminogen modulation activity, differently inhibited the two sEH activities depending on the structures of the N-linked side chain. 28935112 4 0 theme single-subunit 695:708 arg1 OSTs 710:713 these single-subunit OSTs 689:713 these single-subunit OSTs (ssOSTs) 689:722 Given their relative simplicity, these single-subunit OSTs (ssOSTs) have emerged as important targets for mechanistic dissection of poorly understood aspects of N-glycosylation and at the same time hold great potential for the biosynthesis of custom glycoproteins. 28935112 4 0 theme single-subunit 695:708 arg1 ssOSTs 716:721 ssOSTs 716:721 ssOSTs 716:721 Given their relative simplicity, these single-subunit OSTs (ssOSTs) have emerged as important targets for mechanistic dissection of poorly understood aspects of N-glycosylation and at the same time hold great potential for the biosynthesis of custom glycoproteins. 28935112 2 1 theme glycans 378:384 arg1 attachment 351:360 the covalent attachment 338:360 the covalent attachment of preassembled glycans to specific asparagine residues in target proteins 338:435 The central enzyme in N-linked glycosylation is the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), which catalyzes the covalent attachment of preassembled glycans to specific asparagine residues in target proteins. 28935112 2 2 link N-linked 259:266 arg1 glycosylation 268:280 N-linked glycosylation 259:280 N-linked glycosylation 259:280 The central enzyme in N-linked glycosylation is the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), which catalyzes the covalent attachment of preassembled glycans to specific asparagine residues in target proteins. 28935112 1 3 theme posttranslational 171:187 arg1 modification 189:200 posttranslational modification 171:200 posttranslational modification 171:200 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation is one of the most abundant types of posttranslational modification, occurring in all domains of life. 28935112 5 4 theme utility 947:953 arg1 advantage 929:937 advantage 929:937 advantage of this utility 929:953 To take advantage of this utility, this chapter describes a multipronged approach for studying and engineering ssOSTs that integrates in vivo screening technology with in vitro characterization methods, thereby creating a versatile and readily adaptable pipeline for virtually any ssOST of interest. 28935112 5 5 theme adaptable 1165:1173 arg1 pipeline 1175:1182 a versatile and readily adaptable pipeline 1141:1182 a versatile and readily adaptable pipeline for virtually any ssOST of interest 1141:1218 To take advantage of this utility, this chapter describes a multipronged approach for studying and engineering ssOSTs that integrates in vivo screening technology with in vitro characterization methods, thereby creating a versatile and readily adaptable pipeline for virtually any ssOST of interest. 28935112 4 6 theme relative 668:675 arg1 simplicity 677:686 their relative simplicity 662:686 their relative simplicity 662:686 Given their relative simplicity, these single-subunit OSTs (ssOSTs) have emerged as important targets for mechanistic dissection of poorly understood aspects of N-glycosylation and at the same time hold great potential for the biosynthesis of custom glycoproteins. 28935112 1 7 link N-linked 102:109 arg1 glycosylation 120:132 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation 83:132 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation 83:132 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation is one of the most abundant types of posttranslational modification, occurring in all domains of life. 28935112 2 8 attach attachment 351:360 arg2 glycans 378:384 preassembled glycans 365:384 preassembled glycans 365:384 The central enzyme in N-linked glycosylation is the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), which catalyzes the covalent attachment of preassembled glycans to specific asparagine residues in target proteins. 28935112 2 8 attach attachment 351:360 arg1 residues 409:416 specific asparagine residues 389:416 specific asparagine residues in target proteins 389:435 The central enzyme in N-linked glycosylation is the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), which catalyzes the covalent attachment of preassembled glycans to specific asparagine residues in target proteins. 28935112 4 9 theme mechanistic 762:772 arg1 dissection 774:783 mechanistic dissection 762:783 mechanistic dissection of poorly understood aspects of N-glycosylation 762:831 Given their relative simplicity, these single-subunit OSTs (ssOSTs) have emerged as important targets for mechanistic dissection of poorly understood aspects of N-glycosylation and at the same time hold great potential for the biosynthesis of custom glycoproteins. 28935112 1 10 theme Asparagine-linked 83:99 arg1 glycosylation 120:132 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation 83:132 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation 83:132 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation is one of the most abundant types of posttranslational modification, occurring in all domains of life. 28935112 5 11 theme multipronged 981:992 arg1 approach 994:1001 a multipronged approach 979:1001 a multipronged approach for studying and engineering ssOSTs that integrates in vivo screening technology with in vitro characterization methods, thereby creating a versatile and readily adaptable pipeline for virtually any ssOST of interest 979:1218 To take advantage of this utility, this chapter describes a multipronged approach for studying and engineering ssOSTs that integrates in vivo screening technology with in vitro characterization methods, thereby creating a versatile and readily adaptable pipeline for virtually any ssOST of interest. 28935112 3 12 from enzyme 623:628 arg1 kinetoplastids 569:582 kinetoplastids 569:582 kinetoplastids 569:582 Whereas in higher eukaryotes the OST is comprised of eight different membrane proteins, of which the catalytic subunit is STT3, in kinetoplastids and prokaryotes the OST is a monomeric enzyme bearing homology to STT3. 28935112 3 12 from enzyme 623:628 arg1 prokaryotes 588:598 prokaryotes 588:598 prokaryotes 588:598 Whereas in higher eukaryotes the OST is comprised of eight different membrane proteins, of which the catalytic subunit is STT3, in kinetoplastids and prokaryotes the OST is a monomeric enzyme bearing homology to STT3. 28935112 1 13 theme modification 189:200 arg1 types 162:166 the most abundant types 144:166 the most abundant types of posttranslational modification 144:200 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation is one of the most abundant types of posttranslational modification, occurring in all domains of life. 28935112 1 14 link Asparagine-linked 83:99 arg1 glycosylation 120:132 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation 83:132 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation 83:132 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation is one of the most abundant types of posttranslational modification, occurring in all domains of life. 28935112 4 15 theme N-glycosylation 817:831 arg1 aspects 806:812 poorly understood aspects 788:812 poorly understood aspects of N-glycosylation 788:831 Given their relative simplicity, these single-subunit OSTs (ssOSTs) have emerged as important targets for mechanistic dissection of poorly understood aspects of N-glycosylation and at the same time hold great potential for the biosynthesis of custom glycoproteins. 28935112 1 16 theme N-linked 102:109 arg1 glycosylation 120:132 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation 83:132 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation 83:132 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation is one of the most abundant types of posttranslational modification, occurring in all domains of life. 28935112 2 17 from enzyme 249:254 arg1 glycosylation 268:280 N-linked glycosylation 259:280 N-linked glycosylation 259:280 The central enzyme in N-linked glycosylation is the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), which catalyzes the covalent attachment of preassembled glycans to specific asparagine residues in target proteins. 28935112 5 18 dep in 1055:1056 arg1 vivo 1058:1061 vivo 1058:1061 vivo 1058:1061 To take advantage of this utility, this chapter describes a multipronged approach for studying and engineering ssOSTs that integrates in vivo screening technology with in vitro characterization methods, thereby creating a versatile and readily adaptable pipeline for virtually any ssOST of interest. 28935112 3 19 theme catalytic 539:547 arg1 STT3 560:563 STT3 560:563 STT3 560:563 Whereas in higher eukaryotes the OST is comprised of eight different membrane proteins, of which the catalytic subunit is STT3, in kinetoplastids and prokaryotes the OST is a monomeric enzyme bearing homology to STT3. 28935112 3 19 theme catalytic 539:547 arg1 subunit 549:555 the catalytic subunit 535:555 the catalytic subunit 535:555 Whereas in higher eukaryotes the OST is comprised of eight different membrane proteins, of which the catalytic subunit is STT3, in kinetoplastids and prokaryotes the OST is a monomeric enzyme bearing homology to STT3. 28935112 4 20 theme important 740:748 arg1 targets 750:756 important targets 740:756 important targets for mechanistic dissection of poorly understood aspects of N-glycosylation 740:831 Given their relative simplicity, these single-subunit OSTs (ssOSTs) have emerged as important targets for mechanistic dissection of poorly understood aspects of N-glycosylation and at the same time hold great potential for the biosynthesis of custom glycoproteins. 28935112 3 21 theme higher 449:454 arg1 eukaryotes 456:465 higher eukaryotes 449:465 higher eukaryotes 449:465 Whereas in higher eukaryotes the OST is comprised of eight different membrane proteins, of which the catalytic subunit is STT3, in kinetoplastids and prokaryotes the OST is a monomeric enzyme bearing homology to STT3. 28935112 4 22 theme great 859:863 arg1 potential 865:873 great potential 859:873 great potential for the biosynthesis of custom glycoproteins 859:918 Given their relative simplicity, these single-subunit OSTs (ssOSTs) have emerged as important targets for mechanistic dissection of poorly understood aspects of N-glycosylation and at the same time hold great potential for the biosynthesis of custom glycoproteins. 28935112 1 23 theme protein 112:118 arg1 glycosylation 120:132 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation 83:132 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation 83:132 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation is one of the most abundant types of posttranslational modification, occurring in all domains of life. 28935112 2 24 theme asparagine 398:407 arg1 residues 409:416 specific asparagine residues 389:416 specific asparagine residues in target proteins 389:435 The central enzyme in N-linked glycosylation is the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), which catalyzes the covalent attachment of preassembled glycans to specific asparagine residues in target proteins. 28935112 3 25 theme monomeric 613:621 arg1 enzyme 623:628 a monomeric enzyme 611:628 a monomeric enzyme bearing homology to STT3 611:653 Whereas in higher eukaryotes the OST is comprised of eight different membrane proteins, of which the catalytic subunit is STT3, in kinetoplastids and prokaryotes the OST is a monomeric enzyme bearing homology to STT3. 28935112 3 25 theme monomeric 613:621 arg1 OST 604:606 the OST 600:606 the OST 600:606 Whereas in higher eukaryotes the OST is comprised of eight different membrane proteins, of which the catalytic subunit is STT3, in kinetoplastids and prokaryotes the OST is a monomeric enzyme bearing homology to STT3. 28935112 5 26 theme in 1055:1056 arg1 technology 1073:1082 in vivo screening technology 1055:1082 in vivo screening technology 1055:1082 To take advantage of this utility, this chapter describes a multipronged approach for studying and engineering ssOSTs that integrates in vivo screening technology with in vitro characterization methods, thereby creating a versatile and readily adaptable pipeline for virtually any ssOST of interest. 28935112 5 27 theme interest 1211:1218 arg1 ssOST 1202:1206 virtually any ssOST 1188:1206 virtually any ssOST of interest 1188:1218 To take advantage of this utility, this chapter describes a multipronged approach for studying and engineering ssOSTs that integrates in vivo screening technology with in vitro characterization methods, thereby creating a versatile and readily adaptable pipeline for virtually any ssOST of interest. 28935112 5 28 theme in 1089:1090 arg1 methods 1115:1121 in vitro characterization methods 1089:1121 in vitro characterization methods 1089:1121 To take advantage of this utility, this chapter describes a multipronged approach for studying and engineering ssOSTs that integrates in vivo screening technology with in vitro characterization methods, thereby creating a versatile and readily adaptable pipeline for virtually any ssOST of interest. 28935112 2 29 theme preassembled 365:376 arg1 glycans 378:384 preassembled glycans 365:384 preassembled glycans 365:384 The central enzyme in N-linked glycosylation is the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), which catalyzes the covalent attachment of preassembled glycans to specific asparagine residues in target proteins. 28935112 1 30 theme abundant 153:160 arg1 types 162:166 the most abundant types 144:166 the most abundant types of posttranslational modification 144:200 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation is one of the most abundant types of posttranslational modification, occurring in all domains of life. 28935112 2 31 theme target 421:426 arg1 proteins 428:435 target proteins 421:435 target proteins 421:435 The central enzyme in N-linked glycosylation is the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), which catalyzes the covalent attachment of preassembled glycans to specific asparagine residues in target proteins. 28935112 5 32 theme characterization 1098:1113 arg1 methods 1115:1121 in vitro characterization methods 1089:1121 in vitro characterization methods 1089:1121 To take advantage of this utility, this chapter describes a multipronged approach for studying and engineering ssOSTs that integrates in vivo screening technology with in vitro characterization methods, thereby creating a versatile and readily adaptable pipeline for virtually any ssOST of interest. 28935112 2 33 theme central 241:247 arg1 enzyme 249:254 The central enzyme 237:254 The central enzyme in N-linked glycosylation 237:280 The central enzyme in N-linked glycosylation is the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), which catalyzes the covalent attachment of preassembled glycans to specific asparagine residues in target proteins. 28935112 2 33 theme central 241:247 arg1 oligosaccharyltransferase 289:313 the oligosaccharyltransferase 285:313 the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) 285:319 The central enzyme in N-linked glycosylation is the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), which catalyzes the covalent attachment of preassembled glycans to specific asparagine residues in target proteins. 28935112 2 34 from residues 409:416 arg1 proteins 428:435 target proteins 421:435 target proteins 421:435 The central enzyme in N-linked glycosylation is the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), which catalyzes the covalent attachment of preassembled glycans to specific asparagine residues in target proteins. 28935112 1 35 theme life 231:234 arg1 domains 220:226 all domains 216:226 all domains of life 216:234 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation is one of the most abundant types of posttranslational modification, occurring in all domains of life. 28935112 1 35 theme life 231:234 arg1 life 231:234 life 231:234 life 231:234 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation is one of the most abundant types of posttranslational modification, occurring in all domains of life. 28935112 4 36 theme glycoproteins 906:918 arg1 biosynthesis 883:894 the biosynthesis 879:894 the biosynthesis of custom glycoproteins 879:918 Given their relative simplicity, these single-subunit OSTs (ssOSTs) have emerged as important targets for mechanistic dissection of poorly understood aspects of N-glycosylation and at the same time hold great potential for the biosynthesis of custom glycoproteins. 28935112 4 37 theme same 844:847 arg1 time 849:852 the same time 840:852 the same time 840:852 Given their relative simplicity, these single-subunit OSTs (ssOSTs) have emerged as important targets for mechanistic dissection of poorly understood aspects of N-glycosylation and at the same time hold great potential for the biosynthesis of custom glycoproteins. 28935112 0 38 theme Single-Subunit 40:53 arg1 Oligosaccharyltransferases 55:80 Single-Subunit Oligosaccharyltransferases 40:80 Single-Subunit Oligosaccharyltransferases 40:80 A Pipeline for Studying and Engineering Single-Subunit Oligosaccharyltransferases. 28935112 4 39 theme custom 899:904 arg1 glycoproteins 906:918 custom glycoproteins 899:918 custom glycoproteins 899:918 Given their relative simplicity, these single-subunit OSTs (ssOSTs) have emerged as important targets for mechanistic dissection of poorly understood aspects of N-glycosylation and at the same time hold great potential for the biosynthesis of custom glycoproteins. 28935112 4 40 gly glycoproteins 906:918 arg1 glycoproteins 906:918 custom glycoproteins 899:918 custom glycoproteins 899:918 Given their relative simplicity, these single-subunit OSTs (ssOSTs) have emerged as important targets for mechanistic dissection of poorly understood aspects of N-glycosylation and at the same time hold great potential for the biosynthesis of custom glycoproteins. 28935112 3 41 theme which 529:533 arg1 STT3 560:563 STT3 560:563 STT3 560:563 Whereas in higher eukaryotes the OST is comprised of eight different membrane proteins, of which the catalytic subunit is STT3, in kinetoplastids and prokaryotes the OST is a monomeric enzyme bearing homology to STT3. 28935112 3 41 theme which 529:533 arg1 subunit 549:555 the catalytic subunit 535:555 the catalytic subunit 535:555 Whereas in higher eukaryotes the OST is comprised of eight different membrane proteins, of which the catalytic subunit is STT3, in kinetoplastids and prokaryotes the OST is a monomeric enzyme bearing homology to STT3. 28935112 5 42 theme any 1198:1200 arg1 ssOST 1202:1206 virtually any ssOST 1188:1206 virtually any ssOST of interest 1188:1218 To take advantage of this utility, this chapter describes a multipronged approach for studying and engineering ssOSTs that integrates in vivo screening technology with in vitro characterization methods, thereby creating a versatile and readily adaptable pipeline for virtually any ssOST of interest. 28935112 5 43 theme screening 1063:1071 arg1 technology 1073:1082 in vivo screening technology 1055:1082 in vivo screening technology 1055:1082 To take advantage of this utility, this chapter describes a multipronged approach for studying and engineering ssOSTs that integrates in vivo screening technology with in vitro characterization methods, thereby creating a versatile and readily adaptable pipeline for virtually any ssOST of interest. 28935112 4 44 theme aspects 806:812 arg1 dissection 774:783 mechanistic dissection 762:783 mechanistic dissection of poorly understood aspects of N-glycosylation 762:831 Given their relative simplicity, these single-subunit OSTs (ssOSTs) have emerged as important targets for mechanistic dissection of poorly understood aspects of N-glycosylation and at the same time hold great potential for the biosynthesis of custom glycoproteins. 28935112 4 45 dep emerged 729:735 arg1 hold 854:857 hold 854:857 hold great potential for the biosynthesis of custom glycoproteins 854:918 Given their relative simplicity, these single-subunit OSTs (ssOSTs) have emerged as important targets for mechanistic dissection of poorly understood aspects of N-glycosylation and at the same time hold great potential for the biosynthesis of custom glycoproteins. 28935112 2 46 theme covalent 342:349 arg1 attachment 351:360 the covalent attachment 338:360 the covalent attachment of preassembled glycans to specific asparagine residues in target proteins 338:435 The central enzyme in N-linked glycosylation is the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), which catalyzes the covalent attachment of preassembled glycans to specific asparagine residues in target proteins. 28935112 4 47 theme understood 795:804 arg1 aspects 806:812 poorly understood aspects 788:812 poorly understood aspects of N-glycosylation 788:831 Given their relative simplicity, these single-subunit OSTs (ssOSTs) have emerged as important targets for mechanistic dissection of poorly understood aspects of N-glycosylation and at the same time hold great potential for the biosynthesis of custom glycoproteins. 28935112 3 48 theme membrane 507:514 arg1 proteins 516:523 eight different membrane proteins 491:523 eight different membrane proteins 491:523 Whereas in higher eukaryotes the OST is comprised of eight different membrane proteins, of which the catalytic subunit is STT3, in kinetoplastids and prokaryotes the OST is a monomeric enzyme bearing homology to STT3. 28935112 3 49 theme different 497:505 arg1 proteins 516:523 eight different membrane proteins 491:523 eight different membrane proteins 491:523 Whereas in higher eukaryotes the OST is comprised of eight different membrane proteins, of which the catalytic subunit is STT3, in kinetoplastids and prokaryotes the OST is a monomeric enzyme bearing homology to STT3. 28935112 2 50 theme N-linked 259:266 arg1 glycosylation 268:280 N-linked glycosylation 259:280 N-linked glycosylation 259:280 The central enzyme in N-linked glycosylation is the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), which catalyzes the covalent attachment of preassembled glycans to specific asparagine residues in target proteins. 28935112 2 51 theme specific 389:396 arg1 residues 409:416 specific asparagine residues 389:416 specific asparagine residues in target proteins 389:435 The central enzyme in N-linked glycosylation is the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), which catalyzes the covalent attachment of preassembled glycans to specific asparagine residues in target proteins. 28935112 5 52 dep in 1089:1090 arg1 vitro 1092:1096 vitro 1092:1096 vitro 1092:1096 To take advantage of this utility, this chapter describes a multipronged approach for studying and engineering ssOSTs that integrates in vivo screening technology with in vitro characterization methods, thereby creating a versatile and readily adaptable pipeline for virtually any ssOST of interest. 28935112 5 53 theme versatile 1143:1151 arg1 pipeline 1175:1182 a versatile and readily adaptable pipeline 1141:1182 a versatile and readily adaptable pipeline for virtually any ssOST of interest 1141:1218 To take advantage of this utility, this chapter describes a multipronged approach for studying and engineering ssOSTs that integrates in vivo screening technology with in vitro characterization methods, thereby creating a versatile and readily adaptable pipeline for virtually any ssOST of interest. 28935112 1 54 theme types 162:166 arg1 types 162:166 the most abundant types 144:166 the most abundant types of posttranslational modification 144:200 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation is one of the most abundant types of posttranslational modification, occurring in all domains of life. 28935112 1 54 theme types 162:166 arg1 one 137:139 one 137:139 one 137:139 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation is one of the most abundant types of posttranslational modification, occurring in all domains of life. 24915338 7 0 theme compounds 1466:1474 arg1 significance 1444:1455 the potential biological significance 1419:1455 the potential biological significance of these compounds 1419:1474 Finally, the potential biological significance of these compounds is reviewed, describing mechanisms of antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, and hepatoprotective effects. 24915338 6 1 from appearance 1306:1315 arg1 urine 1373:1377 human urine 1367:1377 human urine following oral administration 1367:1407 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds is discussed with particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration. 24915338 2 2 from effects 284:290 arg1 diet 330:333 the human diet 320:333 the human diet 320:333 The distribution, quantity, and biological effects of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet have received little attention in the literature in comparison to their O-linked counterparts, however, despite being present in many common foodstuffs. 24915338 6 3 theme particular 1105:1114 arg1 reference 1116:1124 particular reference 1105:1124 particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration 1105:1407 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds is discussed with particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration. 24915338 5 4 from present 920:926 arg1 tandem 994:999 tandem 994:999 tandem 994:999 C-linked sugar groups are shown to include arabinose, galactose, glucose, rutinose, and xylose, often being present more than once on a single flavonoid backbone and occasionally in tandem with O-linked glucose or rutinose groups. 24915338 7 5 theme biological 1433:1442 arg1 significance 1444:1455 the potential biological significance 1419:1455 the potential biological significance of these compounds 1419:1474 Finally, the potential biological significance of these compounds is reviewed, describing mechanisms of antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, and hepatoprotective effects. 24915338 4 6 theme Forty-three 611:621 arg1 flavonoids 631:640 Forty-three dietary flavonoids 611:640 Forty-three dietary flavonoids 611:640 Forty-three dietary flavonoids are revealed to be C-glycosylated, arising from the dihydrochalcone, flavone, and flavan-3-ol backbones, and distributed among edible fruits, cereals, leaves, and stems. 24915338 3 7 theme structural 492:501 arg1 nature 503:508 The structural nature 488:508 The structural nature 488:508 The structural nature, nomenclature, and distribution of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet are, therefore, reviewed. 24915338 6 8 theme compounds 1077:1085 arg1 fate 1063:1066 The pharmacokinetic fate 1043:1066 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds 1043:1085 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds is discussed with particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration. 24915338 1 9 gly glycosylated 177:188 arg1 many 159:162 many 159:162 many 159:162 The human diet contains a wide variety of plant-derived flavonoids, many of which are glycosylated via an O- or less commonly a C-glycosidic linkage. 24915338 1 9 gly glycosylated 177:188 arg1 flavonoids 147:156 plant-derived flavonoids 133:156 plant-derived flavonoids 133:156 The human diet contains a wide variety of plant-derived flavonoids, many of which are glycosylated via an O- or less commonly a C-glycosidic linkage. 24915338 5 10 theme sugar 821:825 arg1 groups 827:832 C-linked sugar groups 812:832 C-linked sugar groups 812:832 C-linked sugar groups are shown to include arabinose, galactose, glucose, rutinose, and xylose, often being present more than once on a single flavonoid backbone and occasionally in tandem with O-linked glucose or rutinose groups. 24915338 6 11 theme unusual 1272:1278 arg1 appearance 1306:1315 the unusual but potentially important appearance 1268:1315 the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration 1268:1407 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds is discussed with particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration. 24915338 2 12 from present 453:459 arg1 foodstuffs 476:485 many common foodstuffs 464:485 many common foodstuffs 464:485 The distribution, quantity, and biological effects of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet have received little attention in the literature in comparison to their O-linked counterparts, however, despite being present in many common foodstuffs. 24915338 6 13 theme flavonoids 1245:1254 arg1 fate 1214:1217 the fate 1210:1217 the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids 1210:1254 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds is discussed with particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration. 24915338 5 14 theme single 948:953 arg1 backbone 965:972 a single flavonoid backbone 946:972 a single flavonoid backbone 946:972 C-linked sugar groups are shown to include arabinose, galactose, glucose, rutinose, and xylose, often being present more than once on a single flavonoid backbone and occasionally in tandem with O-linked glucose or rutinose groups. 24915338 3 15 theme C-glycosyl 545:554 arg1 flavonoids 556:565 C-glycosyl flavonoids 545:565 C-glycosyl flavonoids 545:565 The structural nature, nomenclature, and distribution of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet are, therefore, reviewed. 24915338 6 16 theme apparent 1135:1142 arg1 lack 1144:1147 their apparent lack 1129:1147 their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration 1129:1407 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds is discussed with particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration. 24915338 6 17 theme O-glycosylated 1222:1235 arg1 flavonoids 1245:1254 O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids 1222:1254 O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids 1222:1254 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds is discussed with particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration. 24915338 7 18 theme hepatoprotective 1577:1592 arg1 effects 1594:1600 antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, and hepatoprotective effects 1514:1600 antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, and hepatoprotective effects 1514:1600 Finally, the potential biological significance of these compounds is reviewed, describing mechanisms of antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, and hepatoprotective effects. 24915338 2 19 from foodstuffs 476:485 arg1 present 453:459 present 453:459 present 453:459 The distribution, quantity, and biological effects of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet have received little attention in the literature in comparison to their O-linked counterparts, however, despite being present in many common foodstuffs. 24915338 3 20 from distribution 529:540 arg1 diet 580:583 the human diet 570:583 the human diet 570:583 The structural nature, nomenclature, and distribution of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet are, therefore, reviewed. 24915338 6 21 theme flavonoid 1342:1350 arg1 metabolites 1352:1362 intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites 1320:1362 intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites 1320:1362 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds is discussed with particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration. 24915338 3 22 theme human 574:578 arg1 diet 580:583 the human diet 570:583 the human diet 570:583 The structural nature, nomenclature, and distribution of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet are, therefore, reviewed. 24915338 6 23 with interaction 1152:1162 arg1 mechanisms 1180:1189 hydrolytic mechanisms 1169:1189 hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration 1169:1407 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds is discussed with particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration. 24915338 6 24 theme intact 1320:1325 arg1 metabolites 1352:1362 intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites 1320:1362 intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites 1320:1362 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds is discussed with particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration. 24915338 1 25 theme plant-derived 133:145 arg1 flavonoids 147:156 plant-derived flavonoids 133:156 plant-derived flavonoids 133:156 The human diet contains a wide variety of plant-derived flavonoids, many of which are glycosylated via an O- or less commonly a C-glycosidic linkage. 24915338 0 26 theme Human 79:83 arg1 Diet 85:88 the Human Diet 75:88 the Human Diet 75:88 The Occurrence, Fate and Biological Activities of C-glycosyl Flavonoids in the Human Diet. 24915338 5 27 theme O-linked 1006:1013 arg1 glucose 1015:1021 O-linked glucose or rutinose groups 1006:1040 glucose 1015:1021 C-linked sugar groups are shown to include arabinose, galactose, glucose, rutinose, and xylose, often being present more than once on a single flavonoid backbone and occasionally in tandem with O-linked glucose or rutinose groups. 24915338 2 28 theme common 469:474 arg1 foodstuffs 476:485 many common foodstuffs 464:485 many common foodstuffs 464:485 The distribution, quantity, and biological effects of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet have received little attention in the literature in comparison to their O-linked counterparts, however, despite being present in many common foodstuffs. 24915338 0 29 from Activities 36:45 arg1 Diet 85:88 the Human Diet 75:88 the Human Diet 75:88 The Occurrence, Fate and Biological Activities of C-glycosyl Flavonoids in the Human Diet. 24915338 5 30 link O-linked 1006:1013 arg1 glucose 1015:1021 O-linked glucose or rutinose groups 1006:1040 glucose 1015:1021 C-linked sugar groups are shown to include arabinose, galactose, glucose, rutinose, and xylose, often being present more than once on a single flavonoid backbone and occasionally in tandem with O-linked glucose or rutinose groups. 24915338 2 31 theme O-linked 407:414 arg1 counterparts 416:427 their O-linked counterparts 401:427 their O-linked counterparts 401:427 The distribution, quantity, and biological effects of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet have received little attention in the literature in comparison to their O-linked counterparts, however, despite being present in many common foodstuffs. 24915338 0 32 theme Flavonoids 61:70 arg1 Fate 16:19 Fate 16:19 Fate 16:19 The Occurrence, Fate and Biological Activities of C-glycosyl Flavonoids in the Human Diet. 24915338 0 32 theme Flavonoids 61:70 arg1 Activities 36:45 Biological Activities 25:45 Biological Activities 25:45 The Occurrence, Fate and Biological Activities of C-glycosyl Flavonoids in the Human Diet. 24915338 0 32 theme Flavonoids 61:70 arg1 Occurrence 4:13 Occurrence 4:13 Occurrence 4:13 The Occurrence, Fate and Biological Activities of C-glycosyl Flavonoids in the Human Diet. 24915338 4 33 theme dihydrochalcone 694:708 arg1 backbones 736:744 the dihydrochalcone, flavone, and flavan-3-ol backbones 690:744 the dihydrochalcone, flavone, and flavan-3-ol backbones 690:744 Forty-three dietary flavonoids are revealed to be C-glycosylated, arising from the dihydrochalcone, flavone, and flavan-3-ol backbones, and distributed among edible fruits, cereals, leaves, and stems. 24915338 4 34 theme flavone 711:717 arg1 backbones 736:744 the dihydrochalcone, flavone, and flavan-3-ol backbones 690:744 the dihydrochalcone, flavone, and flavan-3-ol backbones 690:744 Forty-three dietary flavonoids are revealed to be C-glycosylated, arising from the dihydrochalcone, flavone, and flavan-3-ol backbones, and distributed among edible fruits, cereals, leaves, and stems. 24915338 6 35 theme oral 1389:1392 arg1 administration 1394:1407 oral administration 1389:1407 oral administration 1389:1407 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds is discussed with particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration. 24915338 7 36 theme antidiabetic 1514:1525 arg1 effects 1594:1600 antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, and hepatoprotective effects 1514:1600 antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, and hepatoprotective effects 1514:1600 Finally, the potential biological significance of these compounds is reviewed, describing mechanisms of antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, and hepatoprotective effects. 24915338 0 37 theme C-glycosyl 50:59 arg1 Flavonoids 61:70 C-glycosyl Flavonoids 50:70 C-glycosyl Flavonoids 50:70 The Occurrence, Fate and Biological Activities of C-glycosyl Flavonoids in the Human Diet. 24915338 2 38 theme flavonoids 306:315 arg1 distribution 245:256 distribution 245:256 distribution 245:256 The distribution, quantity, and biological effects of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet have received little attention in the literature in comparison to their O-linked counterparts, however, despite being present in many common foodstuffs. 24915338 2 38 theme flavonoids 306:315 arg1 effects 284:290 biological effects 273:290 biological effects 273:290 The distribution, quantity, and biological effects of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet have received little attention in the literature in comparison to their O-linked counterparts, however, despite being present in many common foodstuffs. 24915338 2 38 theme flavonoids 306:315 arg1 quantity 259:266 quantity 259:266 quantity 259:266 The distribution, quantity, and biological effects of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet have received little attention in the literature in comparison to their O-linked counterparts, however, despite being present in many common foodstuffs. 24915338 6 39 gly C-glycosylated 1327:1340 arg1 metabolites 1352:1362 intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites 1320:1362 intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites 1320:1362 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds is discussed with particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration. 24915338 1 40 contain contains 106:113 arg2 flavonoids 147:156 plant-derived flavonoids 133:156 plant-derived flavonoids 133:156 The human diet contains a wide variety of plant-derived flavonoids, many of which are glycosylated via an O- or less commonly a C-glycosidic linkage. 24915338 1 40 contain contains 106:113 arg2 variety 122:128 a wide variety 115:128 a wide variety of plant-derived flavonoids, many of which are glycosylated via an O- or less commonly a C-glycosidic linkage 115:238 The human diet contains a wide variety of plant-derived flavonoids, many of which are glycosylated via an O- or less commonly a C-glycosidic linkage. 24915338 1 40 contain contains 106:113 arg1 diet 101:104 The human diet 91:104 The human diet 91:104 The human diet contains a wide variety of plant-derived flavonoids, many of which are glycosylated via an O- or less commonly a C-glycosidic linkage. 24915338 1 41 theme C-glycosidic 219:230 arg1 linkage 232:238 a C-glycosidic linkage 217:238 a C-glycosidic linkage 217:238 The human diet contains a wide variety of plant-derived flavonoids, many of which are glycosylated via an O- or less commonly a C-glycosidic linkage. 24915338 7 42 theme potential 1423:1431 arg1 significance 1444:1455 the potential biological significance 1419:1455 the potential biological significance of these compounds 1419:1474 Finally, the potential biological significance of these compounds is reviewed, describing mechanisms of antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, and hepatoprotective effects. 24915338 5 43 theme C-linked 812:819 arg1 groups 827:832 C-linked sugar groups 812:832 C-linked sugar groups 812:832 C-linked sugar groups are shown to include arabinose, galactose, glucose, rutinose, and xylose, often being present more than once on a single flavonoid backbone and occasionally in tandem with O-linked glucose or rutinose groups. 24915338 1 44 theme flavonoids 147:156 arg1 many 159:162 many 159:162 many 159:162 The human diet contains a wide variety of plant-derived flavonoids, many of which are glycosylated via an O- or less commonly a C-glycosidic linkage. 24915338 1 44 theme flavonoids 147:156 arg1 variety 122:128 a wide variety 115:128 a wide variety of plant-derived flavonoids, many of which are glycosylated via an O- or less commonly a C-glycosidic linkage 115:238 The human diet contains a wide variety of plant-derived flavonoids, many of which are glycosylated via an O- or less commonly a C-glycosidic linkage. 24915338 1 44 theme flavonoids 147:156 arg1 flavonoids 147:156 plant-derived flavonoids 133:156 plant-derived flavonoids 133:156 The human diet contains a wide variety of plant-derived flavonoids, many of which are glycosylated via an O- or less commonly a C-glycosidic linkage. 24915338 2 45 theme biological 273:282 arg1 effects 284:290 biological effects 273:290 biological effects 273:290 The distribution, quantity, and biological effects of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet have received little attention in the literature in comparison to their O-linked counterparts, however, despite being present in many common foodstuffs. 24915338 6 46 gly O-glycosylated 1222:1235 arg1 flavonoids 1245:1254 O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids 1222:1254 O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids 1222:1254 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds is discussed with particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration. 24915338 6 47 theme hydrolytic 1169:1178 arg1 mechanisms 1180:1189 hydrolytic mechanisms 1169:1189 hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration 1169:1407 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds is discussed with particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration. 24915338 4 48 theme dietary 623:629 arg1 flavonoids 631:640 Forty-three dietary flavonoids 611:640 Forty-three dietary flavonoids 611:640 Forty-three dietary flavonoids are revealed to be C-glycosylated, arising from the dihydrochalcone, flavone, and flavan-3-ol backbones, and distributed among edible fruits, cereals, leaves, and stems. 24915338 4 49 gly C-glycosylated 661:674 arg1 flavonoids 631:640 Forty-three dietary flavonoids 611:640 Forty-three dietary flavonoids 611:640 Forty-three dietary flavonoids are revealed to be C-glycosylated, arising from the dihydrochalcone, flavone, and flavan-3-ol backbones, and distributed among edible fruits, cereals, leaves, and stems. 24915338 5 50 dep more 928:931 arg1 backbone 965:972 a single flavonoid backbone 946:972 a single flavonoid backbone 946:972 C-linked sugar groups are shown to include arabinose, galactose, glucose, rutinose, and xylose, often being present more than once on a single flavonoid backbone and occasionally in tandem with O-linked glucose or rutinose groups. 24915338 3 51 theme flavonoids 556:565 arg1 nature 503:508 The structural nature 488:508 The structural nature 488:508 The structural nature, nomenclature, and distribution of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet are, therefore, reviewed. 24915338 3 51 theme flavonoids 556:565 arg1 nomenclature 511:522 nomenclature 511:522 nomenclature 511:522 The structural nature, nomenclature, and distribution of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet are, therefore, reviewed. 24915338 3 51 theme flavonoids 556:565 arg1 distribution 529:540 distribution 529:540 distribution 529:540 The structural nature, nomenclature, and distribution of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet are, therefore, reviewed. 24915338 6 52 theme interaction 1152:1162 arg1 lack 1144:1147 their apparent lack 1129:1147 their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration 1129:1407 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds is discussed with particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration. 24915338 1 53 theme human 95:99 arg1 diet 101:104 The human diet 91:104 The human diet 91:104 The human diet contains a wide variety of plant-derived flavonoids, many of which are glycosylated via an O- or less commonly a C-glycosidic linkage. 24915338 7 54 theme effects 1594:1600 arg1 mechanisms 1500:1509 mechanisms 1500:1509 mechanisms of antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, and hepatoprotective effects 1500:1600 Finally, the potential biological significance of these compounds is reviewed, describing mechanisms of antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, and hepatoprotective effects. 24915338 3 55 from nomenclature 511:522 arg1 diet 580:583 the human diet 570:583 the human diet 570:583 The structural nature, nomenclature, and distribution of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet are, therefore, reviewed. 24915338 6 56 theme dietary 1237:1243 arg1 flavonoids 1245:1254 O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids 1222:1254 O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids 1222:1254 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds is discussed with particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration. 24915338 5 57 theme flavonoid 955:963 arg1 backbone 965:972 a single flavonoid backbone 946:972 a single flavonoid backbone 946:972 C-linked sugar groups are shown to include arabinose, galactose, glucose, rutinose, and xylose, often being present more than once on a single flavonoid backbone and occasionally in tandem with O-linked glucose or rutinose groups. 24915338 6 58 theme metabolites 1352:1362 arg1 appearance 1306:1315 the unusual but potentially important appearance 1268:1315 the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration 1268:1407 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds is discussed with particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration. 24915338 1 59 theme wide 117:120 arg1 variety 122:128 a wide variety 115:128 a wide variety of plant-derived flavonoids, many of which are glycosylated via an O- or less commonly a C-glycosidic linkage 115:238 The human diet contains a wide variety of plant-derived flavonoids, many of which are glycosylated via an O- or less commonly a C-glycosidic linkage. 24915338 1 59 theme wide 117:120 arg1 flavonoids 147:156 plant-derived flavonoids 133:156 plant-derived flavonoids 133:156 The human diet contains a wide variety of plant-derived flavonoids, many of which are glycosylated via an O- or less commonly a C-glycosidic linkage. 24915338 2 60 from distribution 245:256 arg1 diet 330:333 the human diet 320:333 the human diet 320:333 The distribution, quantity, and biological effects of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet have received little attention in the literature in comparison to their O-linked counterparts, however, despite being present in many common foodstuffs. 24915338 7 61 theme antispasmodic 1558:1570 arg1 effects 1594:1600 antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, and hepatoprotective effects 1514:1600 antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, and hepatoprotective effects 1514:1600 Finally, the potential biological significance of these compounds is reviewed, describing mechanisms of antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, and hepatoprotective effects. 24915338 0 62 from Fate 16:19 arg1 Diet 85:88 the Human Diet 75:88 the Human Diet 75:88 The Occurrence, Fate and Biological Activities of C-glycosyl Flavonoids in the Human Diet. 24915338 6 63 theme C-glycosylated 1327:1340 arg1 metabolites 1352:1362 intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites 1320:1362 intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites 1320:1362 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds is discussed with particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration. 24915338 2 64 from quantity 259:266 arg1 diet 330:333 the human diet 320:333 the human diet 320:333 The distribution, quantity, and biological effects of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet have received little attention in the literature in comparison to their O-linked counterparts, however, despite being present in many common foodstuffs. 24915338 7 65 theme anxiolytic 1546:1555 arg1 effects 1594:1600 antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, and hepatoprotective effects 1514:1600 antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, and hepatoprotective effects 1514:1600 Finally, the potential biological significance of these compounds is reviewed, describing mechanisms of antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, and hepatoprotective effects. 24915338 0 66 from Occurrence 4:13 arg1 Diet 85:88 the Human Diet 75:88 the Human Diet 75:88 The Occurrence, Fate and Biological Activities of C-glycosyl Flavonoids in the Human Diet. 24915338 2 67 dep distribution 245:256 arg1 The 241:243 The 241:243 The 241:243 The distribution, quantity, and biological effects of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet have received little attention in the literature in comparison to their O-linked counterparts, however, despite being present in many common foodstuffs. 24915338 3 68 from nature 503:508 arg1 diet 580:583 the human diet 570:583 the human diet 570:583 The structural nature, nomenclature, and distribution of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet are, therefore, reviewed. 24915338 5 69 from tandem 994:999 arg1 present 920:926 present 920:926 present 920:926 C-linked sugar groups are shown to include arabinose, galactose, glucose, rutinose, and xylose, often being present more than once on a single flavonoid backbone and occasionally in tandem with O-linked glucose or rutinose groups. 24915338 7 70 theme antiinflammatory 1528:1543 arg1 effects 1594:1600 antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, and hepatoprotective effects 1514:1600 antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, and hepatoprotective effects 1514:1600 Finally, the potential biological significance of these compounds is reviewed, describing mechanisms of antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, and hepatoprotective effects. 24915338 2 71 link O-linked 407:414 arg1 counterparts 416:427 their O-linked counterparts 401:427 their O-linked counterparts 401:427 The distribution, quantity, and biological effects of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet have received little attention in the literature in comparison to their O-linked counterparts, however, despite being present in many common foodstuffs. 24915338 6 72 theme important 1296:1304 arg1 appearance 1306:1315 the unusual but potentially important appearance 1268:1315 the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration 1268:1407 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds is discussed with particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration. 24915338 5 73 link C-linked 812:819 arg1 groups 827:832 C-linked sugar groups 812:832 C-linked sugar groups 812:832 C-linked sugar groups are shown to include arabinose, galactose, glucose, rutinose, and xylose, often being present more than once on a single flavonoid backbone and occasionally in tandem with O-linked glucose or rutinose groups. 24915338 2 74 theme many 464:467 arg1 foodstuffs 476:485 many common foodstuffs 464:485 many common foodstuffs 464:485 The distribution, quantity, and biological effects of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet have received little attention in the literature in comparison to their O-linked counterparts, however, despite being present in many common foodstuffs. 24915338 4 75 theme flavan-3-ol 724:734 arg1 backbones 736:744 the dihydrochalcone, flavone, and flavan-3-ol backbones 690:744 the dihydrochalcone, flavone, and flavan-3-ol backbones 690:744 Forty-three dietary flavonoids are revealed to be C-glycosylated, arising from the dihydrochalcone, flavone, and flavan-3-ol backbones, and distributed among edible fruits, cereals, leaves, and stems. 24915338 2 76 theme little 349:354 arg1 attention 356:364 little attention 349:364 little attention 349:364 The distribution, quantity, and biological effects of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet have received little attention in the literature in comparison to their O-linked counterparts, however, despite being present in many common foodstuffs. 24915338 5 77 theme rutinose 1026:1033 arg1 groups 1035:1040 O-linked glucose or rutinose groups 1006:1040 groups 1035:1040 C-linked sugar groups are shown to include arabinose, galactose, glucose, rutinose, and xylose, often being present more than once on a single flavonoid backbone and occasionally in tandem with O-linked glucose or rutinose groups. 24915338 5 78 with tandem 994:999 arg1 glucose 1015:1021 O-linked glucose or rutinose groups 1006:1040 glucose 1015:1021 C-linked sugar groups are shown to include arabinose, galactose, glucose, rutinose, and xylose, often being present more than once on a single flavonoid backbone and occasionally in tandem with O-linked glucose or rutinose groups. 24915338 5 78 with tandem 994:999 arg1 groups 1035:1040 O-linked glucose or rutinose groups 1006:1040 groups 1035:1040 C-linked sugar groups are shown to include arabinose, galactose, glucose, rutinose, and xylose, often being present more than once on a single flavonoid backbone and occasionally in tandem with O-linked glucose or rutinose groups. 24915338 1 79 link plant-derived 133:145 arg1 flavonoids 147:156 plant-derived flavonoids 133:156 plant-derived flavonoids 133:156 The human diet contains a wide variety of plant-derived flavonoids, many of which are glycosylated via an O- or less commonly a C-glycosidic linkage. 24915338 0 80 theme Biological 25:34 arg1 Activities 36:45 Biological Activities 25:45 Biological Activities 25:45 The Occurrence, Fate and Biological Activities of C-glycosyl Flavonoids in the Human Diet. 24915338 4 81 theme edible 769:774 arg1 fruits 776:781 edible fruits 769:781 edible fruits 769:781 Forty-three dietary flavonoids are revealed to be C-glycosylated, arising from the dihydrochalcone, flavone, and flavan-3-ol backbones, and distributed among edible fruits, cereals, leaves, and stems. 24915338 6 82 theme human 1367:1371 arg1 urine 1373:1377 human urine 1367:1377 human urine following oral administration 1367:1407 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds is discussed with particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration. 24915338 6 83 theme pharmacokinetic 1047:1061 arg1 fate 1063:1066 The pharmacokinetic fate 1043:1066 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds 1043:1085 The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds is discussed with particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration. 24915338 2 84 theme C-glycosyl 295:304 arg1 flavonoids 306:315 C-glycosyl flavonoids 295:315 C-glycosyl flavonoids 295:315 The distribution, quantity, and biological effects of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet have received little attention in the literature in comparison to their O-linked counterparts, however, despite being present in many common foodstuffs. 24915338 0 85 dep Occurrence 4:13 arg1 The 0:2 The 0:2 The 0:2 The Occurrence, Fate and Biological Activities of C-glycosyl Flavonoids in the Human Diet. 24915338 2 86 theme human 324:328 arg1 diet 330:333 the human diet 320:333 the human diet 320:333 The distribution, quantity, and biological effects of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet have received little attention in the literature in comparison to their O-linked counterparts, however, despite being present in many common foodstuffs. 25898160 0 0 theme antibody 97:104 arg1 function 115:122 antibody effector function 97:122 antibody effector function 97:122 The criticality of high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays and detailed characterization of antibody effector function in the context of biosimilar development. 25898160 2 1 theme insufficient 522:533 arg1 resolution 535:544 insufficient resolution 522:544 insufficient resolution 522:544 Here, we describe the application of methods to accurately quantify and characterize the N-linked glycans of 2 IgG1 biosimilars with effector function activity, and show the potential pitfalls of using assays with insufficient resolution. 25898160 1 2 link N-linked 241:248 arg1 glycans 250:256 antibody Fc domain N-linked glycans 222:256 antibody Fc domain N-linked glycans 222:256 Accurate measurement and functional characterization of antibody Fc domain N-linked glycans is critical to successful biosimilar development. 25898160 2 3 theme N-linked 397:404 arg1 glycans 406:412 the N-linked glycans 393:412 the N-linked glycans of 2 IgG1 biosimilars with effector function activity 393:466 Here, we describe the application of methods to accurately quantify and characterize the N-linked glycans of 2 IgG1 biosimilars with effector function activity, and show the potential pitfalls of using assays with insufficient resolution. 25898160 3 4 theme cytotoxicity 841:852 arg1 assays 872:877 cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays 759:877 cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays 759:877 Accurate glycan assessment was combined with glycan enrichment using lectin chromatography or production with glycosylation inhibitors to produce enriched pools of key glycan species for subsequent assessment in cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays. 25898160 1 5 theme biosimilar 284:293 arg1 development 295:305 successful biosimilar development 273:305 successful biosimilar development 273:305 Accurate measurement and functional characterization of antibody Fc domain N-linked glycans is critical to successful biosimilar development. 25898160 3 6 theme cytotoxicity 803:814 arg1 assays 872:877 cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays 759:877 cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays 759:877 Accurate glycan assessment was combined with glycan enrichment using lectin chromatography or production with glycosylation inhibitors to produce enriched pools of key glycan species for subsequent assessment in cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays. 25898160 0 7 from criticality 4:14 arg1 context 131:137 the context 127:137 the context of biosimilar development 127:163 The criticality of high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays and detailed characterization of antibody effector function in the context of biosimilar development. 25898160 3 8 theme glycan 556:561 arg1 assessment 563:572 Accurate glycan assessment 547:572 Accurate glycan assessment 547:572 Accurate glycan assessment was combined with glycan enrichment using lectin chromatography or production with glycosylation inhibitors to produce enriched pools of key glycan species for subsequent assessment in cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays. 25898160 3 9 from assessment 745:754 arg1 assays 872:877 cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays 759:877 cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays 759:877 Accurate glycan assessment was combined with glycan enrichment using lectin chromatography or production with glycosylation inhibitors to produce enriched pools of key glycan species for subsequent assessment in cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays. 25898160 0 10 theme function 115:122 arg1 assays 57:62 high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays 19:62 high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays 19:62 The criticality of high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays and detailed characterization of antibody effector function in the context of biosimilar development. 25898160 0 10 theme function 115:122 arg1 characterization 77:92 detailed characterization 68:92 detailed characterization of antibody effector function 68:122 The criticality of high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays and detailed characterization of antibody effector function in the context of biosimilar development. 25898160 3 11 theme antibody-dependent 770:787 arg1 cytotoxicity 803:814 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 770:814 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 770:814 Accurate glycan assessment was combined with glycan enrichment using lectin chromatography or production with glycosylation inhibitors to produce enriched pools of key glycan species for subsequent assessment in cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays. 25898160 3 12 theme glycan 592:597 arg1 enrichment 599:608 glycan enrichment 592:608 glycan enrichment using lectin chromatography or production 592:650 Accurate glycan assessment was combined with glycan enrichment using lectin chromatography or production with glycosylation inhibitors to produce enriched pools of key glycan species for subsequent assessment in cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays. 25898160 5 13 theme in 1116:1117 arg1 mechanisms 1124:1133 in vivo mechanisms 1116:1133 in vivo mechanisms of action 1116:1143 These results show that high-quality analytics, combined with sensitive cell-based assays to study in vivo mechanisms of action, is an essential part of biosimilar development. 25898160 0 14 theme effector 106:113 arg1 function 115:122 antibody effector function 97:122 antibody effector function 97:122 The criticality of high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays and detailed characterization of antibody effector function in the context of biosimilar development. 25898160 2 15 link N-linked 397:404 arg1 glycans 406:412 the N-linked glycans 393:412 the N-linked glycans of 2 IgG1 biosimilars with effector function activity 393:466 Here, we describe the application of methods to accurately quantify and characterize the N-linked glycans of 2 IgG1 biosimilars with effector function activity, and show the potential pitfalls of using assays with insufficient resolution. 25898160 3 16 theme Accurate 547:554 arg1 assessment 563:572 Accurate glycan assessment 547:572 Accurate glycan assessment 547:572 Accurate glycan assessment was combined with glycan enrichment using lectin chromatography or production with glycosylation inhibitors to produce enriched pools of key glycan species for subsequent assessment in cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays. 25898160 5 17 theme cell-based 1089:1098 arg1 assays 1100:1105 sensitive cell-based assays 1079:1105 sensitive cell-based assays 1079:1105 These results show that high-quality analytics, combined with sensitive cell-based assays to study in vivo mechanisms of action, is an essential part of biosimilar development. 25898160 3 18 theme effector 854:861 arg1 assays 872:877 cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays 759:877 cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays 759:877 Accurate glycan assessment was combined with glycan enrichment using lectin chromatography or production with glycosylation inhibitors to produce enriched pools of key glycan species for subsequent assessment in cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays. 25898160 4 19 theme modern 982:987 arg1 capabilities 1003:1014 modern biotechnology capabilities 982:1014 modern biotechnology capabilities 982:1014 This work highlights the challenges of developing high-quality biosimilar candidates and the need for modern biotechnology capabilities. 25898160 1 20 theme functional 191:200 arg1 characterization 202:217 functional characterization 191:217 functional characterization 191:217 Accurate measurement and functional characterization of antibody Fc domain N-linked glycans is critical to successful biosimilar development. 25898160 5 21 theme action 1138:1143 arg1 mechanisms 1124:1133 in vivo mechanisms 1116:1133 in vivo mechanisms of action 1116:1143 These results show that high-quality analytics, combined with sensitive cell-based assays to study in vivo mechanisms of action, is an essential part of biosimilar development. 25898160 2 22 theme biosimilars 424:434 arg1 glycans 406:412 the N-linked glycans 393:412 the N-linked glycans of 2 IgG1 biosimilars with effector function activity 393:466 Here, we describe the application of methods to accurately quantify and characterize the N-linked glycans of 2 IgG1 biosimilars with effector function activity, and show the potential pitfalls of using assays with insufficient resolution. 25898160 2 23 theme potential 482:490 arg1 pitfalls 492:499 the potential pitfalls 478:499 the potential pitfalls of using assays with insufficient resolution 478:544 Here, we describe the application of methods to accurately quantify and characterize the N-linked glycans of 2 IgG1 biosimilars with effector function activity, and show the potential pitfalls of using assays with insufficient resolution. 25898160 3 24 theme complement-dependent 820:839 arg1 cytotoxicity 841:852 complement-dependent cytotoxicity 820:852 complement-dependent cytotoxicity 820:852 Accurate glycan assessment was combined with glycan enrichment using lectin chromatography or production with glycosylation inhibitors to produce enriched pools of key glycan species for subsequent assessment in cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays. 25898160 3 25 theme subsequent 734:743 arg1 assessment 745:754 subsequent assessment 734:754 subsequent assessment in cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays 734:877 Accurate glycan assessment was combined with glycan enrichment using lectin chromatography or production with glycosylation inhibitors to produce enriched pools of key glycan species for subsequent assessment in cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays. 25898160 2 26 theme IgG1 419:422 arg1 biosimilars 424:434 2 IgG1 biosimilars 417:434 2 IgG1 biosimilars 417:434 Here, we describe the application of methods to accurately quantify and characterize the N-linked glycans of 2 IgG1 biosimilars with effector function activity, and show the potential pitfalls of using assays with insufficient resolution. 25898160 3 27 theme cell-based 759:768 arg1 assays 872:877 cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays 759:877 cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays 759:877 Accurate glycan assessment was combined with glycan enrichment using lectin chromatography or production with glycosylation inhibitors to produce enriched pools of key glycan species for subsequent assessment in cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays. 25898160 2 28 with glycans 406:412 arg1 activity 459:466 effector function activity 441:466 effector function activity 441:466 Here, we describe the application of methods to accurately quantify and characterize the N-linked glycans of 2 IgG1 biosimilars with effector function activity, and show the potential pitfalls of using assays with insufficient resolution. 25898160 2 29 theme methods 345:351 arg1 application 330:340 the application 326:340 the application of methods to accurately quantify and characterize the N-linked glycans of 2 IgG1 biosimilars with effector function activity 326:466 Here, we describe the application of methods to accurately quantify and characterize the N-linked glycans of 2 IgG1 biosimilars with effector function activity, and show the potential pitfalls of using assays with insufficient resolution. 25898160 5 30 dep in 1116:1117 arg1 vivo 1119:1122 vivo 1119:1122 vivo 1119:1122 These results show that high-quality analytics, combined with sensitive cell-based assays to study in vivo mechanisms of action, is an essential part of biosimilar development. 25898160 1 31 theme antibody 222:229 arg1 glycans 250:256 antibody Fc domain N-linked glycans 222:256 antibody Fc domain N-linked glycans 222:256 Accurate measurement and functional characterization of antibody Fc domain N-linked glycans is critical to successful biosimilar development. 25898160 0 32 theme high-resolution 19:33 arg1 assays 57:62 high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays 19:62 high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays 19:62 The criticality of high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays and detailed characterization of antibody effector function in the context of biosimilar development. 25898160 0 33 link N-linked 35:42 arg1 assays 57:62 high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays 19:62 high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays 19:62 The criticality of high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays and detailed characterization of antibody effector function in the context of biosimilar development. 25898160 1 34 theme Fc 231:232 arg1 glycans 250:256 antibody Fc domain N-linked glycans 222:256 antibody Fc domain N-linked glycans 222:256 Accurate measurement and functional characterization of antibody Fc domain N-linked glycans is critical to successful biosimilar development. 25898160 3 35 theme function 863:870 arg1 assays 872:877 cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays 759:877 cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays 759:877 Accurate glycan assessment was combined with glycan enrichment using lectin chromatography or production with glycosylation inhibitors to produce enriched pools of key glycan species for subsequent assessment in cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays. 25898160 3 36 theme glycan 715:720 arg1 species 722:728 key glycan species 711:728 key glycan species 711:728 Accurate glycan assessment was combined with glycan enrichment using lectin chromatography or production with glycosylation inhibitors to produce enriched pools of key glycan species for subsequent assessment in cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays. 25898160 3 37 theme lectin 616:621 arg1 chromatography 623:636 lectin chromatography 616:636 lectin chromatography 616:636 Accurate glycan assessment was combined with glycan enrichment using lectin chromatography or production with glycosylation inhibitors to produce enriched pools of key glycan species for subsequent assessment in cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays. 25898160 1 38 theme domain 234:239 arg1 glycans 250:256 antibody Fc domain N-linked glycans 222:256 antibody Fc domain N-linked glycans 222:256 Accurate measurement and functional characterization of antibody Fc domain N-linked glycans is critical to successful biosimilar development. 25898160 0 39 theme carbohydrate 44:55 arg1 assays 57:62 high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays 19:62 high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays 19:62 The criticality of high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays and detailed characterization of antibody effector function in the context of biosimilar development. 25898160 3 40 theme species 722:728 arg1 pools 702:706 enriched pools 693:706 enriched pools of key glycan species for subsequent assessment in cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays 693:877 Accurate glycan assessment was combined with glycan enrichment using lectin chromatography or production with glycosylation inhibitors to produce enriched pools of key glycan species for subsequent assessment in cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays. 25898160 0 41 theme development 153:163 arg1 context 131:137 the context 127:137 the context of biosimilar development 127:163 The criticality of high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays and detailed characterization of antibody effector function in the context of biosimilar development. 25898160 2 42 theme function 450:457 arg1 activity 459:466 effector function activity 441:466 effector function activity 441:466 Here, we describe the application of methods to accurately quantify and characterize the N-linked glycans of 2 IgG1 biosimilars with effector function activity, and show the potential pitfalls of using assays with insufficient resolution. 25898160 3 43 theme glycosylation 657:669 arg1 inhibitors 671:680 glycosylation inhibitors 657:680 glycosylation inhibitors 657:680 Accurate glycan assessment was combined with glycan enrichment using lectin chromatography or production with glycosylation inhibitors to produce enriched pools of key glycan species for subsequent assessment in cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays. 25898160 1 44 theme N-linked 241:248 arg1 glycans 250:256 antibody Fc domain N-linked glycans 222:256 antibody Fc domain N-linked glycans 222:256 Accurate measurement and functional characterization of antibody Fc domain N-linked glycans is critical to successful biosimilar development. 25898160 0 45 theme N-linked 35:42 arg1 assays 57:62 high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays 19:62 high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays 19:62 The criticality of high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays and detailed characterization of antibody effector function in the context of biosimilar development. 25898160 0 46 theme biosimilar 142:151 arg1 development 153:163 biosimilar development 142:163 biosimilar development 142:163 The criticality of high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays and detailed characterization of antibody effector function in the context of biosimilar development. 25898160 1 47 theme glycans 250:256 arg1 measurement 175:185 Accurate measurement 166:185 Accurate measurement 166:185 Accurate measurement and functional characterization of antibody Fc domain N-linked glycans is critical to successful biosimilar development. 25898160 1 47 theme glycans 250:256 arg1 characterization 202:217 functional characterization 191:217 functional characterization 191:217 Accurate measurement and functional characterization of antibody Fc domain N-linked glycans is critical to successful biosimilar development. 25898160 3 48 theme key 711:713 arg1 species 722:728 key glycan species 711:728 key glycan species 711:728 Accurate glycan assessment was combined with glycan enrichment using lectin chromatography or production with glycosylation inhibitors to produce enriched pools of key glycan species for subsequent assessment in cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays. 25898160 5 49 theme biosimilar 1170:1179 arg1 development 1181:1191 biosimilar development 1170:1191 biosimilar development 1170:1191 These results show that high-quality analytics, combined with sensitive cell-based assays to study in vivo mechanisms of action, is an essential part of biosimilar development. 25898160 4 50 theme biotechnology 989:1001 arg1 capabilities 1003:1014 modern biotechnology capabilities 982:1014 modern biotechnology capabilities 982:1014 This work highlights the challenges of developing high-quality biosimilar candidates and the need for modern biotechnology capabilities. 25898160 0 51 theme assays 57:62 arg1 criticality 4:14 The criticality 0:14 The criticality of high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays and detailed characterization of antibody effector function in the context of biosimilar development. 0:164 The criticality of high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays and detailed characterization of antibody effector function in the context of biosimilar development. 25898160 5 52 theme development 1181:1191 arg1 analytics 1054:1062 high-quality analytics 1041:1062 high-quality analytics 1041:1062 These results show that high-quality analytics, combined with sensitive cell-based assays to study in vivo mechanisms of action, is an essential part of biosimilar development. 25898160 5 52 theme development 1181:1191 arg1 part 1162:1165 an essential part 1149:1165 an essential part of biosimilar development 1149:1191 These results show that high-quality analytics, combined with sensitive cell-based assays to study in vivo mechanisms of action, is an essential part of biosimilar development. 25898160 5 53 theme essential 1152:1160 arg1 analytics 1054:1062 high-quality analytics 1041:1062 high-quality analytics 1041:1062 These results show that high-quality analytics, combined with sensitive cell-based assays to study in vivo mechanisms of action, is an essential part of biosimilar development. 25898160 5 53 theme essential 1152:1160 arg1 part 1162:1165 an essential part 1149:1165 an essential part of biosimilar development 1149:1191 These results show that high-quality analytics, combined with sensitive cell-based assays to study in vivo mechanisms of action, is an essential part of biosimilar development. 25898160 3 54 theme enriched 693:700 arg1 pools 702:706 enriched pools 693:706 enriched pools of key glycan species for subsequent assessment in cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays 693:877 Accurate glycan assessment was combined with glycan enrichment using lectin chromatography or production with glycosylation inhibitors to produce enriched pools of key glycan species for subsequent assessment in cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays. 25898160 5 55 theme sensitive 1079:1087 arg1 assays 1100:1105 sensitive cell-based assays 1079:1105 sensitive cell-based assays 1079:1105 These results show that high-quality analytics, combined with sensitive cell-based assays to study in vivo mechanisms of action, is an essential part of biosimilar development. 25898160 5 56 theme high-quality 1041:1052 arg1 analytics 1054:1062 high-quality analytics 1041:1062 high-quality analytics 1041:1062 These results show that high-quality analytics, combined with sensitive cell-based assays to study in vivo mechanisms of action, is an essential part of biosimilar development. 25898160 5 56 theme high-quality 1041:1052 arg1 part 1162:1165 an essential part 1149:1165 an essential part of biosimilar development 1149:1191 These results show that high-quality analytics, combined with sensitive cell-based assays to study in vivo mechanisms of action, is an essential part of biosimilar development. 25898160 0 57 theme characterization 77:92 arg1 criticality 4:14 The criticality 0:14 The criticality of high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays and detailed characterization of antibody effector function in the context of biosimilar development. 0:164 The criticality of high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays and detailed characterization of antibody effector function in the context of biosimilar development. 25898160 2 58 theme effector 441:448 arg1 activity 459:466 effector function activity 441:466 effector function activity 441:466 Here, we describe the application of methods to accurately quantify and characterize the N-linked glycans of 2 IgG1 biosimilars with effector function activity, and show the potential pitfalls of using assays with insufficient resolution. 25898160 4 59 theme biosimilar 943:952 arg1 candidates 954:963 high-quality biosimilar candidates 930:963 high-quality biosimilar candidates 930:963 This work highlights the challenges of developing high-quality biosimilar candidates and the need for modern biotechnology capabilities. 25898160 0 60 theme detailed 68:75 arg1 characterization 77:92 detailed characterization 68:92 detailed characterization of antibody effector function 68:122 The criticality of high-resolution N-linked carbohydrate assays and detailed characterization of antibody effector function in the context of biosimilar development. 25898160 3 61 theme cell-mediated 789:801 arg1 cytotoxicity 803:814 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 770:814 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 770:814 Accurate glycan assessment was combined with glycan enrichment using lectin chromatography or production with glycosylation inhibitors to produce enriched pools of key glycan species for subsequent assessment in cell-based antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity effector function assays. 25898160 4 62 theme high-quality 930:941 arg1 candidates 954:963 high-quality biosimilar candidates 930:963 high-quality biosimilar candidates 930:963 This work highlights the challenges of developing high-quality biosimilar candidates and the need for modern biotechnology capabilities. 25898160 2 63 with assays 510:515 arg1 resolution 535:544 insufficient resolution 522:544 insufficient resolution 522:544 Here, we describe the application of methods to accurately quantify and characterize the N-linked glycans of 2 IgG1 biosimilars with effector function activity, and show the potential pitfalls of using assays with insufficient resolution. 25898160 1 64 theme Accurate 166:173 arg1 measurement 175:185 Accurate measurement 166:185 Accurate measurement 166:185 Accurate measurement and functional characterization of antibody Fc domain N-linked glycans is critical to successful biosimilar development. 25898160 1 65 theme successful 273:282 arg1 development 295:305 successful biosimilar development 273:305 successful biosimilar development 273:305 Accurate measurement and functional characterization of antibody Fc domain N-linked glycans is critical to successful biosimilar development. 27418947 8 0 theme spectra 1784:1790 arg1 analysis 1792:1799 2D NMR spectra analysis 1777:1799 2D NMR spectra analysis 1777:1799 The degraded polysaccharides had a linear backbone of (1 → 4)-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl xylan decorated with branches based on 2D NMR spectra analysis. 27418947 2 1 theme value-degraded 384:397 arg1 products 399:406 abundant high value-degraded products 370:406 abundant high value-degraded products 370:406 The treatment has been applied to process plenty of lignocellulose materials, yielding abundant high value-degraded products, especially the products in the liquid fraction. 27418947 2 1 theme value-degraded 384:397 arg1 products 424:431 the products 420:431 especially the products 409:431 The treatment has been applied to process plenty of lignocellulose materials, yielding abundant high value-degraded products, especially the products in the liquid fraction. 27418947 11 2 theme hydrothermal 2042:2053 arg1 treatment 2055:2063 hydrothermal treatment 2042:2063 hydrothermal treatment 2042:2063 CONCLUSIONS The liquid fractions obtained from hydrothermal treatment were subjected to comprehensive analysis and structural characterization. 27418947 4 3 theme various 729:735 arg1 120 min 768:774 15, 30, 60 and 120 min 753:774 15, 30, 60 and 120 min 753:774 RESULTS Rapeseed straw was hydrothermally treated at temperature ranging from 145 to 205 °C for various retention time (15, 30, 60 and 120 min), and the degraded polysaccharides and lignin products in aqueous phase were systematically evaluated by comprehensive analysis and structural characterization. 27418947 4 3 theme various 729:735 arg1 time 747:750 various retention time 729:750 various retention time (15, 30, 60 and 120 min) 729:775 RESULTS Rapeseed straw was hydrothermally treated at temperature ranging from 145 to 205 °C for various retention time (15, 30, 60 and 120 min), and the degraded polysaccharides and lignin products in aqueous phase were systematically evaluated by comprehensive analysis and structural characterization. 27418947 3 4 theme structural 583:592 arg1 characterization 594:609 structural characterization 583:609 structural characterization 583:609 Therefore, it is essential to systematically evaluate the degraded products in aqueous fraction by comprehensive analysis and structural characterization during the treatment. 27418947 1 5 theme hydrothermal 189:200 arg1 processing 202:211 hydrothermal processing 189:211 hydrothermal processing 189:211 BACKGROUND The requirement for efficient and green conversion technologies has prompted hydrothermal processing as a promising treatment option for sustainable biorefinery industry. 27418947 1 5 theme hydrothermal 189:200 arg1 option 238:243 a promising treatment option 216:243 a promising treatment option for sustainable biorefinery industry 216:280 BACKGROUND The requirement for efficient and green conversion technologies has prompted hydrothermal processing as a promising treatment option for sustainable biorefinery industry. 27418947 4 6 theme structural 908:917 arg1 characterization 919:934 structural characterization 908:934 structural characterization 908:934 RESULTS Rapeseed straw was hydrothermally treated at temperature ranging from 145 to 205 °C for various retention time (15, 30, 60 and 120 min), and the degraded polysaccharides and lignin products in aqueous phase were systematically evaluated by comprehensive analysis and structural characterization. 27418947 5 7 dep 0.91 1259:1262 arg1 2.88 1273:1276 2.88 1273:1276 2.88 1273:1276 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 9 8 theme S/G 1851:1853 arg1 ratio 1855:1859 S/G ratio 1851:1859 S/G ratio 1851:1859 Lignin was strongly condensed with a decrease of S/G ratio as the severity increased. 27418947 2 9 theme lignocellulose 335:348 arg1 materials 350:358 lignocellulose materials 335:358 lignocellulose materials 335:358 The treatment has been applied to process plenty of lignocellulose materials, yielding abundant high value-degraded products, especially the products in the liquid fraction. 27418947 1 10 theme promising 218:226 arg1 processing 202:211 hydrothermal processing 189:211 hydrothermal processing 189:211 BACKGROUND The requirement for efficient and green conversion technologies has prompted hydrothermal processing as a promising treatment option for sustainable biorefinery industry. 27418947 1 10 theme promising 218:226 arg1 option 238:243 a promising treatment option 216:243 a promising treatment option for sustainable biorefinery industry 216:280 BACKGROUND The requirement for efficient and green conversion technologies has prompted hydrothermal processing as a promising treatment option for sustainable biorefinery industry. 27418947 7 11 theme high 1589:1592 arg1 190 °C 1607:1612 190 °C 1607:1612 190 °C 1607:1612 The maximum yield of oligosaccharides (99.94 g/kg) accompanying a relatively low level of monosaccharides (17.77 g/kg) was obtained at a high temperature (190 °C) for a short reaction time (15 min). 27418947 7 11 theme high 1589:1592 arg1 temperature 1594:1604 a high temperature 1587:1604 a high temperature (190 °C) for a short reaction time (15 min) 1587:1648 The maximum yield of oligosaccharides (99.94 g/kg) accompanying a relatively low level of monosaccharides (17.77 g/kg) was obtained at a high temperature (190 °C) for a short reaction time (15 min). 27418947 14 12 theme residues 2577:2584 arg1 applications 2548:2559 the value-added applications 2532:2559 the value-added applications of agricultural residues in the biorefinery industry 2532:2612 In addition, the result was expected to further reveal the mechanisms of hydrothermal treatment on rapeseed straw and to facilitate the value-added applications of agricultural residues in the biorefinery industry. 27418947 14 13 from industry 2605:2612 arg1 applications 2548:2559 the value-added applications 2532:2559 the value-added applications of agricultural residues in the biorefinery industry 2532:2612 In addition, the result was expected to further reveal the mechanisms of hydrothermal treatment on rapeseed straw and to facilitate the value-added applications of agricultural residues in the biorefinery industry. 27418947 10 14 theme constitutions 1915:1927 arg1 yields 1892:1897 The yields 1888:1897 The yields of the degraded constitutions 1888:1927 The yields of the degraded constitutions have a incomplete linear correlation with the treatment severity. 27418947 5 15 from increase 1226:1233 arg1 8430 1082:1085 8430 1082:1085 8430 1082:1085 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 15 from increase 1226:1233 arg1 19.44 1169:1173 19.44 1169:1173 19.44 1169:1173 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 15 from increase 1226:1233 arg1 0.91 1259:1262 0.91 1259:1262 0.91 1259:1262 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 16 theme severity 977:984 arg1 increase 965:972 an increase 962:972 an increase of severity 962:984 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 11 17 theme liquid 2011:2016 arg1 fractions 2018:2026 The liquid fractions 2007:2026 The liquid fractions obtained from hydrothermal treatment 2007:2063 CONCLUSIONS The liquid fractions obtained from hydrothermal treatment were subjected to comprehensive analysis and structural characterization. 27418947 12 18 theme aqueous 2287:2293 arg1 phase 2295:2299 the aqueous phase 2283:2299 the aqueous phase 2283:2299 Results indicated that hydrothermal treatment had a significant influence on the composition and structure of the polysaccharides and lignin in the aqueous phase. 27418947 10 19 theme linear 1947:1952 arg1 correlation 1954:1964 a incomplete linear correlation 1934:1964 a incomplete linear correlation with the treatment severity 1934:1992 The yields of the degraded constitutions have a incomplete linear correlation with the treatment severity. 27418947 1 20 dep BACKGROUND 101:110 arg1 prompted 180:187 prompted 180:187 has prompted hydrothermal processing as a promising treatment option for sustainable biorefinery industry 176:280 BACKGROUND The requirement for efficient and green conversion technologies has prompted hydrothermal processing as a promising treatment option for sustainable biorefinery industry. 27418947 6 21 theme degradation 1345:1355 arg1 125.68 g/kg 1377:1387 125.68 g/kg 1377:1387 125.68 g/kg 1377:1387 With the increase of monosaccharide degradation components (8.26 to 125.68 g/kg), the saccharides gradually decreased after its maximum value. 27418947 6 21 theme degradation 1345:1355 arg1 components 1357:1366 monosaccharide degradation components 1330:1366 monosaccharide degradation components (8.26 to 125.68 g/kg) 1330:1388 With the increase of monosaccharide degradation components (8.26 to 125.68 g/kg), the saccharides gradually decreased after its maximum value. 27418947 8 22 contain had 1680:1682 arg1 polysaccharides 1664:1678 The degraded polysaccharides 1651:1678 The degraded polysaccharides 1651:1678 The degraded polysaccharides had a linear backbone of (1 → 4)-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl xylan decorated with branches based on 2D NMR spectra analysis. 27418947 8 22 contain had 1680:1682 arg2 backbone 1693:1700 a linear backbone 1684:1700 a linear backbone of (1 → 4)-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl xylan 1684:1742 The degraded polysaccharides had a linear backbone of (1 → 4)-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl xylan decorated with branches based on 2D NMR spectra analysis. 27418947 8 23 theme β-d-xylopyranosyl 1720:1736 arg1 xylan 1738:1742 (1 → 4)-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl xylan 1705:1742 (1 → 4)-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl xylan 1705:1742 The degraded polysaccharides had a linear backbone of (1 → 4)-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl xylan decorated with branches based on 2D NMR spectra analysis. 27418947 1 24 theme conversion 152:161 arg1 technologies 163:174 efficient and green conversion technologies 132:174 efficient and green conversion technologies 132:174 BACKGROUND The requirement for efficient and green conversion technologies has prompted hydrothermal processing as a promising treatment option for sustainable biorefinery industry. 27418947 7 25 theme monosaccharides 1542:1556 arg1 level 1533:1537 a relatively low level 1516:1537 a relatively low level of monosaccharides (17.77 g/kg) 1516:1569 The maximum yield of oligosaccharides (99.94 g/kg) accompanying a relatively low level of monosaccharides (17.77 g/kg) was obtained at a high temperature (190 °C) for a short reaction time (15 min). 27418947 12 26 contain had 2185:2187 arg2 influence 2203:2211 a significant influence 2189:2211 a significant influence 2189:2211 Results indicated that hydrothermal treatment had a significant influence on the composition and structure of the polysaccharides and lignin in the aqueous phase. 27418947 12 26 contain had 2185:2187 arg1 treatment 2175:2183 hydrothermal treatment 2162:2183 hydrothermal treatment 2162:2183 Results indicated that hydrothermal treatment had a significant influence on the composition and structure of the polysaccharides and lignin in the aqueous phase. 27418947 5 27 dep 99.94 g/kg 1193:1202 arg1 4.32 1213:1216 4.32 1213:1216 4.32 1213:1216 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 14 28 from mechanisms 2459:2468 arg1 straw 2508:2512 rapeseed straw 2499:2512 rapeseed straw 2499:2512 In addition, the result was expected to further reveal the mechanisms of hydrothermal treatment on rapeseed straw and to facilitate the value-added applications of agricultural residues in the biorefinery industry. 27418947 5 29 theme monosaccharides 1238:1252 arg1 increase 1226:1233 an increase 1223:1233 an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37) 1223:1306 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 29 theme monosaccharides 1238:1252 arg1 increase 1135:1142 an increase 1132:1142 an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) 1132:1217 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 29 theme monosaccharides 1238:1252 arg1 decrease 1044:1051 a decrease 1042:1051 a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08) 1042:1129 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 10 30 theme treatment 1975:1983 arg1 severity 1985:1992 the treatment severity 1971:1992 the treatment severity 1971:1992 The yields of the degraded constitutions have a incomplete linear correlation with the treatment severity. 27418947 5 31 theme oligosaccharides 1147:1162 arg1 increase 1226:1233 an increase 1223:1233 an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37) 1223:1306 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 31 theme oligosaccharides 1147:1162 arg1 increase 1135:1142 an increase 1132:1142 an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) 1132:1217 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 31 theme oligosaccharides 1147:1162 arg1 decrease 1044:1051 a decrease 1042:1051 a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08) 1042:1129 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 4 32 theme polysaccharides 795:809 arg1 products 822:829 the degraded polysaccharides and lignin products 782:829 the degraded polysaccharides and lignin products in aqueous phase 782:846 RESULTS Rapeseed straw was hydrothermally treated at temperature ranging from 145 to 205 °C for various retention time (15, 30, 60 and 120 min), and the degraded polysaccharides and lignin products in aqueous phase were systematically evaluated by comprehensive analysis and structural characterization. 27418947 12 33 theme significant 2191:2201 arg1 influence 2203:2211 a significant influence 2189:2211 a significant influence 2189:2211 Results indicated that hydrothermal treatment had a significant influence on the composition and structure of the polysaccharides and lignin in the aqueous phase. 27418947 0 34 theme straw 94:98 arg1 treatment 72:80 the hydrothermal treatment 55:80 the hydrothermal treatment of rapeseed straw 55:98 Comprehensive evaluation of the liquid fraction during the hydrothermal treatment of rapeseed straw. 27418947 4 35 dep RESULTS 633:639 arg1 evaluated 868:876 evaluated 868:876 were systematically evaluated by comprehensive analysis and structural characterization 848:934 RESULTS Rapeseed straw was hydrothermally treated at temperature ranging from 145 to 205 °C for various retention time (15, 30, 60 and 120 min), and the degraded polysaccharides and lignin products in aqueous phase were systematically evaluated by comprehensive analysis and structural characterization. 27418947 4 35 dep RESULTS 633:639 arg1 treated 675:681 treated 675:681 was hydrothermally treated at temperature ranging from 145 to 205 °C for various retention time (15, 30, 60 and 120 min) 656:775 RESULTS Rapeseed straw was hydrothermally treated at temperature ranging from 145 to 205 °C for various retention time (15, 30, 60 and 120 min), and the degraded polysaccharides and lignin products in aqueous phase were systematically evaluated by comprehensive analysis and structural characterization. 27418947 14 36 theme value-added 2536:2546 arg1 applications 2548:2559 the value-added applications 2532:2559 the value-added applications of agricultural residues in the biorefinery industry 2532:2612 In addition, the result was expected to further reveal the mechanisms of hydrothermal treatment on rapeseed straw and to facilitate the value-added applications of agricultural residues in the biorefinery industry. 27418947 4 37 theme lignin 815:820 arg1 products 822:829 the degraded polysaccharides and lignin products 782:829 the degraded polysaccharides and lignin products in aqueous phase 782:846 RESULTS Rapeseed straw was hydrothermally treated at temperature ranging from 145 to 205 °C for various retention time (15, 30, 60 and 120 min), and the degraded polysaccharides and lignin products in aqueous phase were systematically evaluated by comprehensive analysis and structural characterization. 27418947 12 38 from structure 2236:2244 arg1 phase 2295:2299 the aqueous phase 2283:2299 the aqueous phase 2283:2299 Results indicated that hydrothermal treatment had a significant influence on the composition and structure of the polysaccharides and lignin in the aqueous phase. 27418947 7 39 theme short 1621:1625 arg1 15 min 1642:1647 15 min 1642:1647 15 min 1642:1647 The maximum yield of oligosaccharides (99.94 g/kg) accompanying a relatively low level of monosaccharides (17.77 g/kg) was obtained at a high temperature (190 °C) for a short reaction time (15 min). 27418947 7 39 theme short 1621:1625 arg1 time 1636:1639 a short reaction time 1619:1639 a short reaction time (15 min) 1619:1648 The maximum yield of oligosaccharides (99.94 g/kg) accompanying a relatively low level of monosaccharides (17.77 g/kg) was obtained at a high temperature (190 °C) for a short reaction time (15 min). 27418947 0 40 theme Comprehensive 0:12 arg1 evaluation 14:23 Comprehensive evaluation 0:23 Comprehensive evaluation of the liquid fraction during the hydrothermal treatment of rapeseed straw. 0:99 Comprehensive evaluation of the liquid fraction during the hydrothermal treatment of rapeseed straw. 27418947 12 41 dep polysaccharides 2253:2267 arg1 the 2249:2251 the 2249:2251 the 2249:2251 Results indicated that hydrothermal treatment had a significant influence on the composition and structure of the polysaccharides and lignin in the aqueous phase. 27418947 8 42 theme NMR 1780:1782 arg1 analysis 1792:1799 2D NMR spectra analysis 1777:1799 2D NMR spectra analysis 1777:1799 The degraded polysaccharides had a linear backbone of (1 → 4)-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl xylan decorated with branches based on 2D NMR spectra analysis. 27418947 11 43 theme structural 2110:2119 arg1 characterization 2121:2136 structural characterization 2110:2136 structural characterization 2110:2136 CONCLUSIONS The liquid fractions obtained from hydrothermal treatment were subjected to comprehensive analysis and structural characterization. 27418947 0 44 theme liquid 32:37 arg1 fraction 39:46 the liquid fraction 28:46 the liquid fraction 28:46 Comprehensive evaluation of the liquid fraction during the hydrothermal treatment of rapeseed straw. 27418947 13 45 theme limited 2366:2372 arg1 formation 2374:2382 limited formation 2366:2382 limited formation of by-products 2366:2397 The treatment could be adopted to obtain XOS-rich fraction with limited formation of by-products. 27418947 0 46 theme hydrothermal 59:70 arg1 treatment 72:80 the hydrothermal treatment 55:80 the hydrothermal treatment of rapeseed straw 55:98 Comprehensive evaluation of the liquid fraction during the hydrothermal treatment of rapeseed straw. 27418947 2 47 theme high 379:382 arg1 products 399:406 abundant high value-degraded products 370:406 abundant high value-degraded products 370:406 The treatment has been applied to process plenty of lignocellulose materials, yielding abundant high value-degraded products, especially the products in the liquid fraction. 27418947 2 47 theme high 379:382 arg1 products 424:431 the products 420:431 especially the products 409:431 The treatment has been applied to process plenty of lignocellulose materials, yielding abundant high value-degraded products, especially the products in the liquid fraction. 27418947 14 48 theme agricultural 2564:2575 arg1 residues 2577:2584 agricultural residues 2564:2584 agricultural residues in the biorefinery industry 2564:2612 In addition, the result was expected to further reveal the mechanisms of hydrothermal treatment on rapeseed straw and to facilitate the value-added applications of agricultural residues in the biorefinery industry. 27418947 3 49 theme degraded 515:522 arg1 products 524:531 the degraded products 511:531 the degraded products in aqueous fraction 511:551 Therefore, it is essential to systematically evaluate the degraded products in aqueous fraction by comprehensive analysis and structural characterization during the treatment. 27418947 7 50 theme maximum 1456:1462 arg1 yield 1464:1468 The maximum yield 1452:1468 The maximum yield of oligosaccharides (99.94 g/kg) accompanying a relatively low level of monosaccharides (17.77 g/kg) 1452:1569 The maximum yield of oligosaccharides (99.94 g/kg) accompanying a relatively low level of monosaccharides (17.77 g/kg) was obtained at a high temperature (190 °C) for a short reaction time (15 min). 27418947 5 51 dep 30.43 g/kg 1282:1291 arg1 4.37 1302:1305 4.37 1302:1305 4.37 1302:1305 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 12 52 dep composition 2220:2230 arg1 the 2216:2218 the 2216:2218 the 2216:2218 Results indicated that hydrothermal treatment had a significant influence on the composition and structure of the polysaccharides and lignin in the aqueous phase. 27418947 3 53 theme comprehensive 556:568 arg1 analysis 570:577 comprehensive analysis 556:577 comprehensive analysis 556:577 Therefore, it is essential to systematically evaluate the degraded products in aqueous fraction by comprehensive analysis and structural characterization during the treatment. 27418947 6 54 theme maximum 1437:1443 arg1 value 1445:1449 its maximum value 1433:1449 its maximum value 1433:1449 With the increase of monosaccharide degradation components (8.26 to 125.68 g/kg), the saccharides gradually decreased after its maximum value. 27418947 1 55 theme biorefinery 261:271 arg1 industry 273:280 sustainable biorefinery industry 249:280 sustainable biorefinery industry 249:280 BACKGROUND The requirement for efficient and green conversion technologies has prompted hydrothermal processing as a promising treatment option for sustainable biorefinery industry. 27418947 12 56 from phase 2295:2299 arg1 structure 2236:2244 structure 2236:2244 structure 2236:2244 Results indicated that hydrothermal treatment had a significant influence on the composition and structure of the polysaccharides and lignin in the aqueous phase. 27418947 12 56 from phase 2295:2299 arg1 composition 2220:2230 composition 2220:2230 composition 2220:2230 Results indicated that hydrothermal treatment had a significant influence on the composition and structure of the polysaccharides and lignin in the aqueous phase. 27418947 14 57 theme hydrothermal 2473:2484 arg1 treatment 2486:2494 hydrothermal treatment 2473:2494 hydrothermal treatment 2473:2494 In addition, the result was expected to further reveal the mechanisms of hydrothermal treatment on rapeseed straw and to facilitate the value-added applications of agricultural residues in the biorefinery industry. 27418947 5 58 theme weight 1070:1075 arg1 increase 1226:1233 an increase 1223:1233 an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37) 1223:1306 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 58 theme weight 1070:1075 arg1 increase 1135:1142 an increase 1132:1142 an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) 1132:1217 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 58 theme weight 1070:1075 arg1 decrease 1044:1051 a decrease 1042:1051 a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08) 1042:1129 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 11 59 dep CONCLUSIONS 1995:2005 arg1 subjected 2070:2078 subjected 2070:2078 were subjected to comprehensive analysis and structural characterization 2065:2136 CONCLUSIONS The liquid fractions obtained from hydrothermal treatment were subjected to comprehensive analysis and structural characterization. 27418947 6 60 theme monosaccharide 1330:1343 arg1 125.68 g/kg 1377:1387 125.68 g/kg 1377:1387 125.68 g/kg 1377:1387 With the increase of monosaccharide degradation components (8.26 to 125.68 g/kg), the saccharides gradually decreased after its maximum value. 27418947 6 60 theme monosaccharide 1330:1343 arg1 components 1357:1366 monosaccharide degradation components 1330:1366 monosaccharide degradation components (8.26 to 125.68 g/kg) 1330:1388 With the increase of monosaccharide degradation components (8.26 to 125.68 g/kg), the saccharides gradually decreased after its maximum value. 27418947 5 61 from decrease 1044:1051 arg1 8430 1082:1085 8430 1082:1085 8430 1082:1085 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 61 from decrease 1044:1051 arg1 19.44 1169:1173 19.44 1169:1173 19.44 1169:1173 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 61 from decrease 1044:1051 arg1 0.91 1259:1262 0.91 1259:1262 0.91 1259:1262 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 4 62 theme Rapeseed 641:648 arg1 straw 650:654 Rapeseed straw 641:654 Rapeseed straw 641:654 RESULTS Rapeseed straw was hydrothermally treated at temperature ranging from 145 to 205 °C for various retention time (15, 30, 60 and 120 min), and the degraded polysaccharides and lignin products in aqueous phase were systematically evaluated by comprehensive analysis and structural characterization. 27418947 14 63 from applications 2548:2559 arg1 industry 2605:2612 the biorefinery industry 2589:2612 the biorefinery industry 2589:2612 In addition, the result was expected to further reveal the mechanisms of hydrothermal treatment on rapeseed straw and to facilitate the value-added applications of agricultural residues in the biorefinery industry. 27418947 5 64 from 19.44 1169:1173 arg1 increase 1226:1233 an increase 1223:1233 an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37) 1223:1306 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 64 from 19.44 1169:1173 arg1 oligosaccharides 1147:1162 oligosaccharides 1147:1162 oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) 1147:1217 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 64 from 19.44 1169:1173 arg1 increase 1135:1142 an increase 1132:1142 an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) 1132:1217 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 64 from 19.44 1169:1173 arg1 decrease 1044:1051 a decrease 1042:1051 a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08) 1042:1129 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 8 65 theme -linked 1712:1718 arg1 xylan 1738:1742 (1 → 4)-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl xylan 1705:1742 (1 → 4)-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl xylan 1705:1742 The degraded polysaccharides had a linear backbone of (1 → 4)-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl xylan decorated with branches based on 2D NMR spectra analysis. 27418947 8 66 link -linked 1712:1718 arg1 xylan 1738:1742 (1 → 4)-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl xylan 1705:1742 (1 → 4)-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl xylan 1705:1742 The degraded polysaccharides had a linear backbone of (1 → 4)-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl xylan decorated with branches based on 2D NMR spectra analysis. 27418947 5 67 from 0.91 1259:1262 arg1 increase 1226:1233 an increase 1223:1233 an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37) 1223:1306 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 67 from 0.91 1259:1262 arg1 monosaccharides 1238:1252 monosaccharides 1238:1252 monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37) 1238:1306 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 67 from 0.91 1259:1262 arg1 increase 1135:1142 an increase 1132:1142 an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) 1132:1217 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 67 from 0.91 1259:1262 arg1 decrease 1044:1051 a decrease 1042:1051 a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08) 1042:1129 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 12 68 from composition 2220:2230 arg1 phase 2295:2299 the aqueous phase 2283:2299 the aqueous phase 2283:2299 Results indicated that hydrothermal treatment had a significant influence on the composition and structure of the polysaccharides and lignin in the aqueous phase. 27418947 4 69 theme comprehensive 881:893 arg1 analysis 895:902 comprehensive analysis 881:902 comprehensive analysis 881:902 RESULTS Rapeseed straw was hydrothermally treated at temperature ranging from 145 to 205 °C for various retention time (15, 30, 60 and 120 min), and the degraded polysaccharides and lignin products in aqueous phase were systematically evaluated by comprehensive analysis and structural characterization. 27418947 3 70 from products 524:531 arg1 fraction 544:551 aqueous fraction 536:551 aqueous fraction 536:551 Therefore, it is essential to systematically evaluate the degraded products in aqueous fraction by comprehensive analysis and structural characterization during the treatment. 27418947 2 71 theme materials 350:358 arg1 plenty 325:330 plenty 325:330 plenty of lignocellulose materials 325:358 The treatment has been applied to process plenty of lignocellulose materials, yielding abundant high value-degraded products, especially the products in the liquid fraction. 27418947 11 72 theme comprehensive 2083:2095 arg1 analysis 2097:2104 comprehensive analysis 2083:2104 comprehensive analysis 2083:2104 CONCLUSIONS The liquid fractions obtained from hydrothermal treatment were subjected to comprehensive analysis and structural characterization. 27418947 10 73 with correlation 1954:1964 arg1 severity 1985:1992 the treatment severity 1971:1992 the treatment severity 1971:1992 The yields of the degraded constitutions have a incomplete linear correlation with the treatment severity. 27418947 9 74 theme ratio 1855:1859 arg1 decrease 1839:1846 a decrease 1837:1846 a decrease of S/G ratio 1837:1859 Lignin was strongly condensed with a decrease of S/G ratio as the severity increased. 27418947 5 75 dep 8430 1082:1085 arg1 3.26 1096:1099 3.26 1096:1099 3.26 1096:1099 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 8 76 theme degraded 1655:1662 arg1 polysaccharides 1664:1678 The degraded polysaccharides 1651:1678 The degraded polysaccharides 1651:1678 The degraded polysaccharides had a linear backbone of (1 → 4)-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl xylan decorated with branches based on 2D NMR spectra analysis. 27418947 2 77 theme abundant 370:377 arg1 products 399:406 abundant high value-degraded products 370:406 abundant high value-degraded products 370:406 The treatment has been applied to process plenty of lignocellulose materials, yielding abundant high value-degraded products, especially the products in the liquid fraction. 27418947 2 77 theme abundant 370:377 arg1 products 424:431 the products 420:431 especially the products 409:431 The treatment has been applied to process plenty of lignocellulose materials, yielding abundant high value-degraded products, especially the products in the liquid fraction. 27418947 4 78 theme retention 737:745 arg1 120 min 768:774 15, 30, 60 and 120 min 753:774 15, 30, 60 and 120 min 753:774 RESULTS Rapeseed straw was hydrothermally treated at temperature ranging from 145 to 205 °C for various retention time (15, 30, 60 and 120 min), and the degraded polysaccharides and lignin products in aqueous phase were systematically evaluated by comprehensive analysis and structural characterization. 27418947 4 78 theme retention 737:745 arg1 time 747:750 various retention time 729:750 various retention time (15, 30, 60 and 120 min) 729:775 RESULTS Rapeseed straw was hydrothermally treated at temperature ranging from 145 to 205 °C for various retention time (15, 30, 60 and 120 min), and the degraded polysaccharides and lignin products in aqueous phase were systematically evaluated by comprehensive analysis and structural characterization. 27418947 1 79 theme treatment 228:236 arg1 processing 202:211 hydrothermal processing 189:211 hydrothermal processing 189:211 BACKGROUND The requirement for efficient and green conversion technologies has prompted hydrothermal processing as a promising treatment option for sustainable biorefinery industry. 27418947 1 79 theme treatment 228:236 arg1 option 238:243 a promising treatment option 216:243 a promising treatment option for sustainable biorefinery industry 216:280 BACKGROUND The requirement for efficient and green conversion technologies has prompted hydrothermal processing as a promising treatment option for sustainable biorefinery industry. 27418947 12 80 from lignin 2273:2278 arg1 phase 2295:2299 the aqueous phase 2283:2299 the aqueous phase 2283:2299 Results indicated that hydrothermal treatment had a significant influence on the composition and structure of the polysaccharides and lignin in the aqueous phase. 27418947 10 81 theme degraded 1906:1913 arg1 constitutions 1915:1927 the degraded constitutions 1902:1927 the degraded constitutions 1902:1927 The yields of the degraded constitutions have a incomplete linear correlation with the treatment severity. 27418947 8 82 theme linear 1686:1691 arg1 backbone 1693:1700 a linear backbone 1684:1700 a linear backbone of (1 → 4)-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl xylan 1684:1742 The degraded polysaccharides had a linear backbone of (1 → 4)-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl xylan decorated with branches based on 2D NMR spectra analysis. 27418947 14 83 theme rapeseed 2499:2506 arg1 straw 2508:2512 rapeseed straw 2499:2512 rapeseed straw 2499:2512 In addition, the result was expected to further reveal the mechanisms of hydrothermal treatment on rapeseed straw and to facilitate the value-added applications of agricultural residues in the biorefinery industry. 27418947 1 84 theme efficient 132:140 arg1 technologies 163:174 efficient and green conversion technologies 132:174 efficient and green conversion technologies 132:174 BACKGROUND The requirement for efficient and green conversion technologies has prompted hydrothermal processing as a promising treatment option for sustainable biorefinery industry. 27418947 14 85 theme biorefinery 2593:2603 arg1 industry 2605:2612 the biorefinery industry 2589:2612 the biorefinery industry 2589:2612 In addition, the result was expected to further reveal the mechanisms of hydrothermal treatment on rapeseed straw and to facilitate the value-added applications of agricultural residues in the biorefinery industry. 27418947 10 86 theme incomplete 1936:1945 arg1 correlation 1954:1964 a incomplete linear correlation 1934:1964 a incomplete linear correlation with the treatment severity 1934:1992 The yields of the degraded constitutions have a incomplete linear correlation with the treatment severity. 27418947 6 87 theme components 1357:1366 arg1 increase 1318:1325 the increase 1314:1325 the increase of monosaccharide degradation components (8.26 to 125.68 g/kg) 1314:1388 With the increase of monosaccharide degradation components (8.26 to 125.68 g/kg), the saccharides gradually decreased after its maximum value. 27418947 1 88 theme green 146:150 arg1 technologies 163:174 efficient and green conversion technologies 132:174 efficient and green conversion technologies 132:174 BACKGROUND The requirement for efficient and green conversion technologies has prompted hydrothermal processing as a promising treatment option for sustainable biorefinery industry. 27418947 12 89 theme lignin 2273:2278 arg1 structure 2236:2244 structure 2236:2244 structure 2236:2244 Results indicated that hydrothermal treatment had a significant influence on the composition and structure of the polysaccharides and lignin in the aqueous phase. 27418947 12 89 theme lignin 2273:2278 arg1 composition 2220:2230 composition 2220:2230 composition 2220:2230 Results indicated that hydrothermal treatment had a significant influence on the composition and structure of the polysaccharides and lignin in the aqueous phase. 27418947 0 90 theme rapeseed 85:92 arg1 straw 94:98 rapeseed straw 85:98 rapeseed straw 85:98 Comprehensive evaluation of the liquid fraction during the hydrothermal treatment of rapeseed straw. 27418947 4 91 from products 822:829 arg1 phase 842:846 aqueous phase 834:846 aqueous phase 834:846 RESULTS Rapeseed straw was hydrothermally treated at temperature ranging from 145 to 205 °C for various retention time (15, 30, 60 and 120 min), and the degraded polysaccharides and lignin products in aqueous phase were systematically evaluated by comprehensive analysis and structural characterization. 27418947 7 92 theme low 1529:1531 arg1 level 1533:1537 a relatively low level 1516:1537 a relatively low level of monosaccharides (17.77 g/kg) 1516:1569 The maximum yield of oligosaccharides (99.94 g/kg) accompanying a relatively low level of monosaccharides (17.77 g/kg) was obtained at a high temperature (190 °C) for a short reaction time (15 min). 27418947 10 93 contain have 1929:1932 arg1 yields 1892:1897 The yields 1888:1897 The yields of the degraded constitutions 1888:1927 The yields of the degraded constitutions have a incomplete linear correlation with the treatment severity. 27418947 10 93 contain have 1929:1932 arg2 correlation 1954:1964 a incomplete linear correlation 1934:1964 a incomplete linear correlation with the treatment severity 1934:1992 The yields of the degraded constitutions have a incomplete linear correlation with the treatment severity. 27418947 12 94 from polysaccharides 2253:2267 arg1 phase 2295:2299 the aqueous phase 2283:2299 the aqueous phase 2283:2299 Results indicated that hydrothermal treatment had a significant influence on the composition and structure of the polysaccharides and lignin in the aqueous phase. 27418947 8 95 theme xylan 1738:1742 arg1 backbone 1693:1700 a linear backbone 1684:1700 a linear backbone of (1 → 4)-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl xylan 1684:1742 The degraded polysaccharides had a linear backbone of (1 → 4)-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl xylan decorated with branches based on 2D NMR spectra analysis. 27418947 4 96 theme degraded 786:793 arg1 products 822:829 the degraded polysaccharides and lignin products 782:829 the degraded polysaccharides and lignin products in aqueous phase 782:846 RESULTS Rapeseed straw was hydrothermally treated at temperature ranging from 145 to 205 °C for various retention time (15, 30, 60 and 120 min), and the degraded polysaccharides and lignin products in aqueous phase were systematically evaluated by comprehensive analysis and structural characterization. 27418947 5 97 dep 19.44 1169:1173 arg1 2.88 1184:1187 2.88 1184:1187 2.88 1184:1187 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 13 98 theme by-products 2387:2397 arg1 formation 2374:2382 limited formation 2366:2382 limited formation of by-products 2366:2397 The treatment could be adopted to obtain XOS-rich fraction with limited formation of by-products. 27418947 7 99 theme reaction 1627:1634 arg1 15 min 1642:1647 15 min 1642:1647 15 min 1642:1647 The maximum yield of oligosaccharides (99.94 g/kg) accompanying a relatively low level of monosaccharides (17.77 g/kg) was obtained at a high temperature (190 °C) for a short reaction time (15 min). 27418947 7 99 theme reaction 1627:1634 arg1 time 1636:1639 a short reaction time 1619:1639 a short reaction time (15 min) 1619:1648 The maximum yield of oligosaccharides (99.94 g/kg) accompanying a relatively low level of monosaccharides (17.77 g/kg) was obtained at a high temperature (190 °C) for a short reaction time (15 min). 27418947 13 100 theme XOS-rich 2343:2350 arg1 fraction 2352:2359 XOS-rich fraction 2343:2359 XOS-rich fraction with limited formation of by-products 2343:2397 The treatment could be adopted to obtain XOS-rich fraction with limited formation of by-products. 27418947 8 101 theme 2D 1777:1778 arg1 analysis 1792:1799 2D NMR spectra analysis 1777:1799 2D NMR spectra analysis 1777:1799 The degraded polysaccharides had a linear backbone of (1 → 4)-linked β-d-xylopyranosyl xylan decorated with branches based on 2D NMR spectra analysis. 27418947 5 102 from 8430 1082:1085 arg1 increase 1226:1233 an increase 1223:1233 an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37) 1223:1306 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 102 from 8430 1082:1085 arg1 weight 1070:1075 the molecular weight 1056:1075 the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08) 1056:1129 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 102 from 8430 1082:1085 arg1 increase 1135:1142 an increase 1132:1142 an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) 1132:1217 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 102 from 8430 1082:1085 arg1 decrease 1044:1051 a decrease 1042:1051 a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08) 1042:1129 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 0 103 theme fraction 39:46 arg1 evaluation 14:23 Comprehensive evaluation 0:23 Comprehensive evaluation of the liquid fraction during the hydrothermal treatment of rapeseed straw. 0:99 Comprehensive evaluation of the liquid fraction during the hydrothermal treatment of rapeseed straw. 27418947 6 104 dep 125.68 g/kg 1377:1387 arg1 to 1374:1375 to 1374:1375 to 1374:1375 With the increase of monosaccharide degradation components (8.26 to 125.68 g/kg), the saccharides gradually decreased after its maximum value. 27418947 4 105 dep 205 °C 718:723 arg1 to 715:716 to 715:716 to 715:716 RESULTS Rapeseed straw was hydrothermally treated at temperature ranging from 145 to 205 °C for various retention time (15, 30, 60 and 120 min), and the degraded polysaccharides and lignin products in aqueous phase were systematically evaluated by comprehensive analysis and structural characterization. 27418947 2 106 theme liquid 440:445 arg1 fraction 447:454 the liquid fraction 436:454 the liquid fraction 436:454 The treatment has been applied to process plenty of lignocellulose materials, yielding abundant high value-degraded products, especially the products in the liquid fraction. 27418947 5 107 from increase 1135:1142 arg1 8430 1082:1085 8430 1082:1085 8430 1082:1085 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 107 from increase 1135:1142 arg1 19.44 1169:1173 19.44 1169:1173 19.44 1169:1173 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 107 from increase 1135:1142 arg1 0.91 1259:1262 0.91 1259:1262 0.91 1259:1262 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 13 108 with fraction 2352:2359 arg1 formation 2374:2382 limited formation 2366:2382 limited formation of by-products 2366:2397 The treatment could be adopted to obtain XOS-rich fraction with limited formation of by-products. 27418947 12 109 theme polysaccharides 2253:2267 arg1 structure 2236:2244 structure 2236:2244 structure 2236:2244 Results indicated that hydrothermal treatment had a significant influence on the composition and structure of the polysaccharides and lignin in the aqueous phase. 27418947 12 109 theme polysaccharides 2253:2267 arg1 composition 2220:2230 composition 2220:2230 composition 2220:2230 Results indicated that hydrothermal treatment had a significant influence on the composition and structure of the polysaccharides and lignin in the aqueous phase. 27418947 12 110 theme hydrothermal 2162:2173 arg1 treatment 2175:2183 hydrothermal treatment 2162:2183 hydrothermal treatment 2162:2183 Results indicated that hydrothermal treatment had a significant influence on the composition and structure of the polysaccharides and lignin in the aqueous phase. 27418947 3 111 theme aqueous 536:542 arg1 fraction 544:551 aqueous fraction 536:551 aqueous fraction 536:551 Therefore, it is essential to systematically evaluate the degraded products in aqueous fraction by comprehensive analysis and structural characterization during the treatment. 27418947 7 112 theme oligosaccharides 1473:1488 arg1 yield 1464:1468 The maximum yield 1452:1468 The maximum yield of oligosaccharides (99.94 g/kg) accompanying a relatively low level of monosaccharides (17.77 g/kg) 1452:1569 The maximum yield of oligosaccharides (99.94 g/kg) accompanying a relatively low level of monosaccharides (17.77 g/kg) was obtained at a high temperature (190 °C) for a short reaction time (15 min). 27418947 1 113 theme sustainable 249:259 arg1 industry 273:280 sustainable biorefinery industry 249:280 sustainable biorefinery industry 249:280 BACKGROUND The requirement for efficient and green conversion technologies has prompted hydrothermal processing as a promising treatment option for sustainable biorefinery industry. 27418947 14 114 theme treatment 2486:2494 arg1 mechanisms 2459:2468 the mechanisms 2455:2468 the mechanisms of hydrothermal treatment on rapeseed straw 2455:2512 In addition, the result was expected to further reveal the mechanisms of hydrothermal treatment on rapeseed straw and to facilitate the value-added applications of agricultural residues in the biorefinery industry. 27418947 5 115 theme molecular 1060:1068 arg1 weight 1070:1075 the molecular weight 1056:1075 the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08) 1056:1129 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 5 116 dep 2130 g/mol 1105:1114 arg1 5.08 1125:1128 5.08 1125:1128 5.08 1125:1128 Results showed that with an increase of severity, the polymers were gradually depolymerized resulting in a decrease of the molecular weight from 8430 (log R 0 3.26) to 2130 g/mol (log R 0 5.08), an increase of oligosaccharides from 19.44 (log R 0 2.88) to 99.94 g/kg (log R 0 4.32) and an increase of monosaccharides from 0.91 (log R 0 2.88) to 30.43 g/kg (log R 0 4.37). 27418947 14 117 from residues 2577:2584 arg1 industry 2605:2612 the biorefinery industry 2589:2612 the biorefinery industry 2589:2612 In addition, the result was expected to further reveal the mechanisms of hydrothermal treatment on rapeseed straw and to facilitate the value-added applications of agricultural residues in the biorefinery industry. 27418947 4 118 theme aqueous 834:840 arg1 phase 842:846 aqueous phase 834:846 aqueous phase 834:846 RESULTS Rapeseed straw was hydrothermally treated at temperature ranging from 145 to 205 °C for various retention time (15, 30, 60 and 120 min), and the degraded polysaccharides and lignin products in aqueous phase were systematically evaluated by comprehensive analysis and structural characterization. 28178702 2 0 theme Australian 601:610 arg1 pedigree 612:619 a large Australian pedigree 593:619 a large Australian pedigree 593:619 Recently, we identified a missense variant (p.T141L) in the short isoform 2 of the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2), which segregated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and PCCD in a large Australian pedigree; however, any evidence of its pathogenicity was demonstrated. 28178702 6 1 theme long 1072:1075 arg1 isoform 1077:1083 the long isoform 1068:1083 the long isoform 1068:1083 Specifically, the long isoform is highly expressed in lungs, ovaries, testes, cerebellum, cortex, retina, pituitary gland, and olfactory bulbs, while the short isoform is highly expressed in mouse podocytes and in human podocyte cell lines, at both mRNA and protein levels. 28178702 2 2 from glomerulosclerosis 562:579 arg1 pedigree 612:619 a large Australian pedigree 593:619 a large Australian pedigree 593:619 Recently, we identified a missense variant (p.T141L) in the short isoform 2 of the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2), which segregated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and PCCD in a large Australian pedigree; however, any evidence of its pathogenicity was demonstrated. 28178702 3 3 theme ALG13 683:687 arg1 isoforms 755:762 2 glycosyltransferase isoforms 733:762 2 glycosyltransferase isoforms 733:762 ALG13 gene encodes, through alternative splicing, 2 glycosyltransferase isoforms, which catalyse the second sugar addition of the highly conserved oligosaccharide precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). 28178702 3 3 theme ALG13 683:687 arg1 gene 689:692 ALG13 gene 683:692 ALG13 gene 683:692 ALG13 gene encodes, through alternative splicing, 2 glycosyltransferase isoforms, which catalyse the second sugar addition of the highly conserved oligosaccharide precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). 28178702 7 4 theme glycosylation 1402:1414 arg1 pattern 1416:1422 an altered N-linked glycosylation pattern 1382:1422 an altered N-linked glycosylation pattern of nephrin 1382:1433 The silencing of ALG13-is2 by specific siRNAs induces an altered N-linked glycosylation pattern of nephrin, as demonstrated by the presence of an additional immunostaining band of about 130 kD. 28178702 2 5 from PCCD 585:588 arg1 pedigree 612:619 a large Australian pedigree 593:619 a large Australian pedigree 593:619 Recently, we identified a missense variant (p.T141L) in the short isoform 2 of the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2), which segregated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and PCCD in a large Australian pedigree; however, any evidence of its pathogenicity was demonstrated. 28178702 6 6 theme short 1208:1212 arg1 isoform 1214:1220 the short isoform 1204:1220 the short isoform 1204:1220 Specifically, the long isoform is highly expressed in lungs, ovaries, testes, cerebellum, cortex, retina, pituitary gland, and olfactory bulbs, while the short isoform is highly expressed in mouse podocytes and in human podocyte cell lines, at both mRNA and protein levels. 28178702 8 7 theme nephrin 1648:1654 arg1 organization 1587:1598 perturbed organization 1577:1598 perturbed organization of the cytoskeleton 1577:1618 In knock-down cells, immunofluorescence analysis shows perturbed organization of the cytoskeleton and altered localization of nephrin on the cellular membrane. 28178702 8 7 theme nephrin 1648:1654 arg1 localization 1632:1643 altered localization 1624:1643 altered localization of nephrin on the cellular membrane 1624:1679 In knock-down cells, immunofluorescence analysis shows perturbed organization of the cytoskeleton and altered localization of nephrin on the cellular membrane. 28178702 1 8 theme intracellular 282:294 arg1 trafficking 296:306 intracellular trafficking 282:306 intracellular trafficking 282:306 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation, which is a post-translational modification process, plays an important role in protein folding, intracellular trafficking and membrane targeting, as well as in regulating the protein function. 28178702 7 9 theme altered 1385:1391 arg1 pattern 1416:1422 an altered N-linked glycosylation pattern 1382:1422 an altered N-linked glycosylation pattern of nephrin 1382:1433 The silencing of ALG13-is2 by specific siRNAs induces an altered N-linked glycosylation pattern of nephrin, as demonstrated by the presence of an additional immunostaining band of about 130 kD. 28178702 8 10 theme immunofluorescence 1543:1560 arg1 analysis 1562:1569 immunofluorescence analysis 1543:1569 immunofluorescence analysis 1543:1569 In knock-down cells, immunofluorescence analysis shows perturbed organization of the cytoskeleton and altered localization of nephrin on the cellular membrane. 28178702 1 11 theme post-translational 197:214 arg1 process 229:235 a post-translational modification process 195:235 a post-translational modification process 195:235 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation, which is a post-translational modification process, plays an important role in protein folding, intracellular trafficking and membrane targeting, as well as in regulating the protein function. 28178702 1 11 theme post-translational 197:214 arg1 glycosylation 171:183 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation 151:183 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation 151:183 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation, which is a post-translational modification process, plays an important role in protein folding, intracellular trafficking and membrane targeting, as well as in regulating the protein function. 28178702 2 12 theme focal 546:550 arg1 glomerulosclerosis 562:579 focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 546:579 focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 546:579 Recently, we identified a missense variant (p.T141L) in the short isoform 2 of the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2), which segregated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and PCCD in a large Australian pedigree; however, any evidence of its pathogenicity was demonstrated. 28178702 6 13 theme human 1268:1272 arg1 lines 1288:1292 human podocyte cell lines 1268:1292 human podocyte cell lines 1268:1292 Specifically, the long isoform is highly expressed in lungs, ovaries, testes, cerebellum, cortex, retina, pituitary gland, and olfactory bulbs, while the short isoform is highly expressed in mouse podocytes and in human podocyte cell lines, at both mRNA and protein levels. 28178702 6 14 theme olfactory 1181:1189 arg1 bulbs 1191:1195 olfactory bulbs 1181:1195 olfactory bulbs 1181:1195 Specifically, the long isoform is highly expressed in lungs, ovaries, testes, cerebellum, cortex, retina, pituitary gland, and olfactory bulbs, while the short isoform is highly expressed in mouse podocytes and in human podocyte cell lines, at both mRNA and protein levels. 28178702 6 14 theme olfactory 1181:1189 arg1 lungs 1108:1112 lungs 1108:1112 lungs 1108:1112 Specifically, the long isoform is highly expressed in lungs, ovaries, testes, cerebellum, cortex, retina, pituitary gland, and olfactory bulbs, while the short isoform is highly expressed in mouse podocytes and in human podocyte cell lines, at both mRNA and protein levels. 28178702 10 15 theme defects 1976:1982 arg1 modifier 1947:1954 an important modifier 1934:1954 an important modifier of renal filtration defects 1934:1982 CONCLUSIONS These results provide preliminary evidence that ALG13-is2 could be an important modifier of renal filtration defects. 28178702 10 15 theme defects 1976:1982 arg1 ALG13-is2 1915:1923 ALG13-is2 1915:1923 ALG13-is2 1915:1923 CONCLUSIONS These results provide preliminary evidence that ALG13-is2 could be an important modifier of renal filtration defects. 28178702 10 16 theme renal 1959:1963 arg1 defects 1976:1982 renal filtration defects 1959:1982 renal filtration defects 1959:1982 CONCLUSIONS These results provide preliminary evidence that ALG13-is2 could be an important modifier of renal filtration defects. 28178702 6 17 theme mouse 1245:1249 arg1 podocytes 1251:1259 mouse podocytes 1245:1259 mouse podocytes 1245:1259 Specifically, the long isoform is highly expressed in lungs, ovaries, testes, cerebellum, cortex, retina, pituitary gland, and olfactory bulbs, while the short isoform is highly expressed in mouse podocytes and in human podocyte cell lines, at both mRNA and protein levels. 28178702 5 18 theme isoforms 1020:1027 arg1 expression 1000:1009 a different expression 988:1009 a different expression of the 2 isoforms 988:1027 METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we show a different expression of the 2 isoforms depending on the tissue. 28178702 3 19 theme endoplasmic 863:873 arg1 ER 886:887 ER 886:887 ER 886:887 ALG13 gene encodes, through alternative splicing, 2 glycosyltransferase isoforms, which catalyse the second sugar addition of the highly conserved oligosaccharide precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). 28178702 3 19 theme endoplasmic 863:873 arg1 reticulum 875:883 the endoplasmic reticulum 859:883 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 859:888 ALG13 gene encodes, through alternative splicing, 2 glycosyltransferase isoforms, which catalyse the second sugar addition of the highly conserved oligosaccharide precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). 28178702 4 20 theme long 908:911 arg1 isoform 913:919 the long isoform 1 904:921 the long isoform 1 904:921 Mutations in the long isoform 1 were associated with epilepsy. 28178702 6 21 theme pituitary 1160:1168 arg1 gland 1170:1174 pituitary gland 1160:1174 pituitary gland 1160:1174 Specifically, the long isoform is highly expressed in lungs, ovaries, testes, cerebellum, cortex, retina, pituitary gland, and olfactory bulbs, while the short isoform is highly expressed in mouse podocytes and in human podocyte cell lines, at both mRNA and protein levels. 28178702 6 21 theme pituitary 1160:1168 arg1 lungs 1108:1112 lungs 1108:1112 lungs 1108:1112 Specifically, the long isoform is highly expressed in lungs, ovaries, testes, cerebellum, cortex, retina, pituitary gland, and olfactory bulbs, while the short isoform is highly expressed in mouse podocytes and in human podocyte cell lines, at both mRNA and protein levels. 28178702 7 22 theme kD 1518:1519 arg1 band 1500:1503 an additional immunostaining band 1471:1503 an additional immunostaining band of about 130 kD 1471:1519 The silencing of ALG13-is2 by specific siRNAs induces an altered N-linked glycosylation pattern of nephrin, as demonstrated by the presence of an additional immunostaining band of about 130 kD. 28178702 3 23 theme sugar 791:795 arg1 addition 797:804 the second sugar addition 780:804 the second sugar addition of the highly conserved oligosaccharide precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 780:888 ALG13 gene encodes, through alternative splicing, 2 glycosyltransferase isoforms, which catalyse the second sugar addition of the highly conserved oligosaccharide precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). 28178702 0 24 theme Short 70:74 arg1 Isoform 76:82 Short Isoform 2 70:84 Asparagine-Linked Glycosylation 13 Short Isoform 2 35:84 Dysregulation of the Expression of Asparagine-Linked Glycosylation 13 Short Isoform 2 Affects Nephrin Function by Altering Its N-Linked Glycosylation. 28178702 1 25 theme N-linked 162:169 arg1 process 229:235 a post-translational modification process 195:235 a post-translational modification process 195:235 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation, which is a post-translational modification process, plays an important role in protein folding, intracellular trafficking and membrane targeting, as well as in regulating the protein function. 28178702 1 25 theme N-linked 162:169 arg1 glycosylation 171:183 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation 151:183 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation 151:183 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation, which is a post-translational modification process, plays an important role in protein folding, intracellular trafficking and membrane targeting, as well as in regulating the protein function. 28178702 2 26 theme asparagine-linked 476:492 arg1 glycosylation 494:506 asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 476:509 the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2) 458:521 Recently, we identified a missense variant (p.T141L) in the short isoform 2 of the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2), which segregated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and PCCD in a large Australian pedigree; however, any evidence of its pathogenicity was demonstrated. 28178702 2 26 theme asparagine-linked 476:492 arg1 ALG13-is2 512:520 ALG13-is2 512:520 ALG13-is2 512:520 Recently, we identified a missense variant (p.T141L) in the short isoform 2 of the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2), which segregated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and PCCD in a large Australian pedigree; however, any evidence of its pathogenicity was demonstrated. 28178702 3 27 theme oligosaccharide 830:844 arg1 precursor 846:854 the highly conserved oligosaccharide precursor 809:854 the highly conserved oligosaccharide precursor 809:854 ALG13 gene encodes, through alternative splicing, 2 glycosyltransferase isoforms, which catalyse the second sugar addition of the highly conserved oligosaccharide precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). 28178702 7 28 theme band 1500:1503 arg1 presence 1459:1466 the presence 1455:1466 the presence of an additional immunostaining band of about 130 kD 1455:1519 The silencing of ALG13-is2 by specific siRNAs induces an altered N-linked glycosylation pattern of nephrin, as demonstrated by the presence of an additional immunostaining band of about 130 kD. 28178702 9 29 theme altered 1712:1718 arg1 pattern 1720:1726 the altered pattern 1708:1726 the altered pattern of N-linked glycosylation 1708:1752 We also demonstrated that the altered pattern of N-linked glycosylation induces an over-expression of binding immunoglobulin protein and calreticulin, suggesting ER stress. 28178702 0 30 theme Nephrin 94:100 arg1 Function 102:109 Nephrin Function 94:109 Nephrin Function 94:109 Dysregulation of the Expression of Asparagine-Linked Glycosylation 13 Short Isoform 2 Affects Nephrin Function by Altering Its N-Linked Glycosylation. 28178702 7 31 theme specific 1358:1365 arg1 siRNAs 1367:1372 specific siRNAs 1358:1372 specific siRNAs 1358:1372 The silencing of ALG13-is2 by specific siRNAs induces an altered N-linked glycosylation pattern of nephrin, as demonstrated by the presence of an additional immunostaining band of about 130 kD. 28178702 7 32 theme additional 1474:1483 arg1 band 1500:1503 an additional immunostaining band 1471:1503 an additional immunostaining band of about 130 kD 1471:1519 The silencing of ALG13-is2 by specific siRNAs induces an altered N-linked glycosylation pattern of nephrin, as demonstrated by the presence of an additional immunostaining band of about 130 kD. 28178702 8 33 from organization 1587:1598 arg1 membrane 1672:1679 the cellular membrane 1659:1679 the cellular membrane 1659:1679 In knock-down cells, immunofluorescence analysis shows perturbed organization of the cytoskeleton and altered localization of nephrin on the cellular membrane. 28178702 2 34 theme missense 405:412 arg1 p.T141L 423:429 p.T141L 423:429 p.T141L 423:429 Recently, we identified a missense variant (p.T141L) in the short isoform 2 of the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2), which segregated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and PCCD in a large Australian pedigree; however, any evidence of its pathogenicity was demonstrated. 28178702 2 34 theme missense 405:412 arg1 variant 414:420 a missense variant 403:420 a missense variant (p.T141L) 403:430 Recently, we identified a missense variant (p.T141L) in the short isoform 2 of the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2), which segregated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and PCCD in a large Australian pedigree; however, any evidence of its pathogenicity was demonstrated. 28178702 6 35 theme cell 1283:1286 arg1 lines 1288:1292 human podocyte cell lines 1268:1292 human podocyte cell lines 1268:1292 Specifically, the long isoform is highly expressed in lungs, ovaries, testes, cerebellum, cortex, retina, pituitary gland, and olfactory bulbs, while the short isoform is highly expressed in mouse podocytes and in human podocyte cell lines, at both mRNA and protein levels. 28178702 9 36 theme glycosylation 1740:1752 arg1 pattern 1720:1726 the altered pattern 1708:1726 the altered pattern of N-linked glycosylation 1708:1752 We also demonstrated that the altered pattern of N-linked glycosylation induces an over-expression of binding immunoglobulin protein and calreticulin, suggesting ER stress. 28178702 8 37 from localization 1632:1643 arg1 membrane 1672:1679 the cellular membrane 1659:1679 the cellular membrane 1659:1679 In knock-down cells, immunofluorescence analysis shows perturbed organization of the cytoskeleton and altered localization of nephrin on the cellular membrane. 28178702 2 38 theme pathogenicity 651:663 arg1 evidence 635:642 any evidence 631:642 any evidence of its pathogenicity 631:663 Recently, we identified a missense variant (p.T141L) in the short isoform 2 of the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2), which segregated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and PCCD in a large Australian pedigree; however, any evidence of its pathogenicity was demonstrated. 28178702 1 39 theme membrane 312:319 arg1 targeting 321:329 membrane targeting 312:329 membrane targeting 312:329 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation, which is a post-translational modification process, plays an important role in protein folding, intracellular trafficking and membrane targeting, as well as in regulating the protein function. 28178702 7 40 gly glycosylation 1402:1414 arg1 nephrin 1427:1433 nephrin 1427:1433 nephrin 1427:1433 The silencing of ALG13-is2 by specific siRNAs induces an altered N-linked glycosylation pattern of nephrin, as demonstrated by the presence of an additional immunostaining band of about 130 kD. 28178702 2 41 theme X-linked 462:469 arg1 gene 471:474 the X-linked gene 458:474 the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2) 458:521 Recently, we identified a missense variant (p.T141L) in the short isoform 2 of the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2), which segregated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and PCCD in a large Australian pedigree; however, any evidence of its pathogenicity was demonstrated. 28178702 0 42 dep Glycosylation 53:65 arg1 Isoform 76:82 Short Isoform 2 70:84 Asparagine-Linked Glycosylation 13 Short Isoform 2 35:84 Dysregulation of the Expression of Asparagine-Linked Glycosylation 13 Short Isoform 2 Affects Nephrin Function by Altering Its N-Linked Glycosylation. 28178702 9 43 theme immunoglobulin 1792:1805 arg1 protein 1807:1813 binding immunoglobulin protein 1784:1813 binding immunoglobulin protein 1784:1813 We also demonstrated that the altered pattern of N-linked glycosylation induces an over-expression of binding immunoglobulin protein and calreticulin, suggesting ER stress. 28178702 0 44 theme Glycosylation 53:65 arg1 Expression 21:30 the Expression 17:30 the Expression of Asparagine-Linked Glycosylation 13 Short Isoform 2 17:84 Dysregulation of the Expression of Asparagine-Linked Glycosylation 13 Short Isoform 2 Affects Nephrin Function by Altering Its N-Linked Glycosylation. 28178702 2 45 dep gene 471:474 arg1 glycosylation 494:506 asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 476:509 the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2) 458:521 Recently, we identified a missense variant (p.T141L) in the short isoform 2 of the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2), which segregated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and PCCD in a large Australian pedigree; however, any evidence of its pathogenicity was demonstrated. 28178702 2 45 dep gene 471:474 arg1 ALG13-is2 512:520 ALG13-is2 512:520 ALG13-is2 512:520 Recently, we identified a missense variant (p.T141L) in the short isoform 2 of the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2), which segregated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and PCCD in a large Australian pedigree; however, any evidence of its pathogenicity was demonstrated. 28178702 8 46 theme perturbed 1577:1585 arg1 organization 1587:1598 perturbed organization 1577:1598 perturbed organization of the cytoskeleton 1577:1618 In knock-down cells, immunofluorescence analysis shows perturbed organization of the cytoskeleton and altered localization of nephrin on the cellular membrane. 28178702 7 47 theme nephrin 1427:1433 arg1 pattern 1416:1422 an altered N-linked glycosylation pattern 1382:1422 an altered N-linked glycosylation pattern of nephrin 1382:1433 The silencing of ALG13-is2 by specific siRNAs induces an altered N-linked glycosylation pattern of nephrin, as demonstrated by the presence of an additional immunostaining band of about 130 kD. 28178702 5 48 theme different 990:998 arg1 expression 1000:1009 a different expression 988:1009 a different expression of the 2 isoforms 988:1027 METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we show a different expression of the 2 isoforms depending on the tissue. 28178702 9 49 theme ER 1844:1845 arg1 stress 1847:1852 ER stress 1844:1852 ER stress 1844:1852 We also demonstrated that the altered pattern of N-linked glycosylation induces an over-expression of binding immunoglobulin protein and calreticulin, suggesting ER stress. 28178702 8 50 theme knock-down 1525:1534 arg1 cells 1536:1540 knock-down cells 1525:1540 knock-down cells 1525:1540 In knock-down cells, immunofluorescence analysis shows perturbed organization of the cytoskeleton and altered localization of nephrin on the cellular membrane. 28178702 8 51 theme cytoskeleton 1607:1618 arg1 organization 1587:1598 perturbed organization 1577:1598 perturbed organization of the cytoskeleton 1577:1618 In knock-down cells, immunofluorescence analysis shows perturbed organization of the cytoskeleton and altered localization of nephrin on the cellular membrane. 28178702 8 51 theme cytoskeleton 1607:1618 arg1 localization 1632:1643 altered localization 1624:1643 altered localization of nephrin on the cellular membrane 1624:1679 In knock-down cells, immunofluorescence analysis shows perturbed organization of the cytoskeleton and altered localization of nephrin on the cellular membrane. 28178702 1 52 theme protein 265:271 arg1 folding 273:279 protein folding 265:279 protein folding 265:279 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation, which is a post-translational modification process, plays an important role in protein folding, intracellular trafficking and membrane targeting, as well as in regulating the protein function. 28178702 7 53 theme N-linked 1393:1400 arg1 pattern 1416:1422 an altered N-linked glycosylation pattern 1382:1422 an altered N-linked glycosylation pattern of nephrin 1382:1433 The silencing of ALG13-is2 by specific siRNAs induces an altered N-linked glycosylation pattern of nephrin, as demonstrated by the presence of an additional immunostaining band of about 130 kD. 28178702 2 54 theme large 595:599 arg1 pedigree 612:619 a large Australian pedigree 593:619 a large Australian pedigree 593:619 Recently, we identified a missense variant (p.T141L) in the short isoform 2 of the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2), which segregated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and PCCD in a large Australian pedigree; however, any evidence of its pathogenicity was demonstrated. 28178702 8 55 theme altered 1624:1630 arg1 localization 1632:1643 altered localization 1624:1643 altered localization of nephrin on the cellular membrane 1624:1679 In knock-down cells, immunofluorescence analysis shows perturbed organization of the cytoskeleton and altered localization of nephrin on the cellular membrane. 28178702 9 56 link N-linked 1731:1738 arg1 glycosylation 1740:1752 N-linked glycosylation 1731:1752 N-linked glycosylation 1731:1752 We also demonstrated that the altered pattern of N-linked glycosylation induces an over-expression of binding immunoglobulin protein and calreticulin, suggesting ER stress. 28178702 7 57 theme ALG13-is2 1345:1353 arg1 silencing 1332:1340 The silencing 1328:1340 The silencing of ALG13-is2 by specific siRNAs 1328:1372 The silencing of ALG13-is2 by specific siRNAs induces an altered N-linked glycosylation pattern of nephrin, as demonstrated by the presence of an additional immunostaining band of about 130 kD. 28178702 3 58 theme alternative 711:721 arg1 splicing 723:730 alternative splicing 711:730 alternative splicing 711:730 ALG13 gene encodes, through alternative splicing, 2 glycosyltransferase isoforms, which catalyse the second sugar addition of the highly conserved oligosaccharide precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). 28178702 7 59 link N-linked 1393:1400 arg1 pattern 1416:1422 an altered N-linked glycosylation pattern 1382:1422 an altered N-linked glycosylation pattern of nephrin 1382:1433 The silencing of ALG13-is2 by specific siRNAs induces an altered N-linked glycosylation pattern of nephrin, as demonstrated by the presence of an additional immunostaining band of about 130 kD. 28178702 10 60 theme important 1937:1945 arg1 modifier 1947:1954 an important modifier 1934:1954 an important modifier of renal filtration defects 1934:1982 CONCLUSIONS These results provide preliminary evidence that ALG13-is2 could be an important modifier of renal filtration defects. 28178702 10 60 theme important 1937:1945 arg1 ALG13-is2 1915:1923 ALG13-is2 1915:1923 ALG13-is2 1915:1923 CONCLUSIONS These results provide preliminary evidence that ALG13-is2 could be an important modifier of renal filtration defects. 28178702 6 61 theme podocyte 1274:1281 arg1 lines 1288:1292 human podocyte cell lines 1268:1292 human podocyte cell lines 1268:1292 Specifically, the long isoform is highly expressed in lungs, ovaries, testes, cerebellum, cortex, retina, pituitary gland, and olfactory bulbs, while the short isoform is highly expressed in mouse podocytes and in human podocyte cell lines, at both mRNA and protein levels. 28178702 8 62 theme cellular 1663:1670 arg1 membrane 1672:1679 the cellular membrane 1659:1679 the cellular membrane 1659:1679 In knock-down cells, immunofluorescence analysis shows perturbed organization of the cytoskeleton and altered localization of nephrin on the cellular membrane. 28178702 1 63 theme modification 216:227 arg1 process 229:235 a post-translational modification process 195:235 a post-translational modification process 195:235 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation, which is a post-translational modification process, plays an important role in protein folding, intracellular trafficking and membrane targeting, as well as in regulating the protein function. 28178702 1 63 theme modification 216:227 arg1 glycosylation 171:183 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation 151:183 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation 151:183 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation, which is a post-translational modification process, plays an important role in protein folding, intracellular trafficking and membrane targeting, as well as in regulating the protein function. 28178702 3 64 theme glycosyltransferase 735:753 arg1 isoforms 755:762 2 glycosyltransferase isoforms 733:762 2 glycosyltransferase isoforms 733:762 ALG13 gene encodes, through alternative splicing, 2 glycosyltransferase isoforms, which catalyse the second sugar addition of the highly conserved oligosaccharide precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). 28178702 3 64 theme glycosyltransferase 735:753 arg1 gene 689:692 ALG13 gene 683:692 ALG13 gene 683:692 ALG13 gene encodes, through alternative splicing, 2 glycosyltransferase isoforms, which catalyse the second sugar addition of the highly conserved oligosaccharide precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). 28178702 2 65 link asparagine-linked 476:492 arg1 glycosylation 494:506 asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 476:509 the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2) 458:521 Recently, we identified a missense variant (p.T141L) in the short isoform 2 of the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2), which segregated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and PCCD in a large Australian pedigree; however, any evidence of its pathogenicity was demonstrated. 28178702 2 65 link asparagine-linked 476:492 arg1 ALG13-is2 512:520 ALG13-is2 512:520 ALG13-is2 512:520 Recently, we identified a missense variant (p.T141L) in the short isoform 2 of the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2), which segregated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and PCCD in a large Australian pedigree; however, any evidence of its pathogenicity was demonstrated. 28178702 3 66 theme second 784:789 arg1 addition 797:804 the second sugar addition 780:804 the second sugar addition of the highly conserved oligosaccharide precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 780:888 ALG13 gene encodes, through alternative splicing, 2 glycosyltransferase isoforms, which catalyse the second sugar addition of the highly conserved oligosaccharide precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). 28178702 0 67 theme N-Linked 127:134 arg1 Glycosylation 136:148 Its N-Linked Glycosylation 123:148 Its N-Linked Glycosylation 123:148 Dysregulation of the Expression of Asparagine-Linked Glycosylation 13 Short Isoform 2 Affects Nephrin Function by Altering Its N-Linked Glycosylation. 28178702 2 68 theme segmental 552:560 arg1 glomerulosclerosis 562:579 focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 546:579 focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 546:579 Recently, we identified a missense variant (p.T141L) in the short isoform 2 of the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2), which segregated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and PCCD in a large Australian pedigree; however, any evidence of its pathogenicity was demonstrated. 28178702 6 69 theme protein 1312:1318 arg1 levels 1320:1325 both mRNA and protein levels 1298:1325 levels 1320:1325 Specifically, the long isoform is highly expressed in lungs, ovaries, testes, cerebellum, cortex, retina, pituitary gland, and olfactory bulbs, while the short isoform is highly expressed in mouse podocytes and in human podocyte cell lines, at both mRNA and protein levels. 28178702 4 70 from Mutations 891:899 arg1 isoform 913:919 the long isoform 1 904:921 the long isoform 1 904:921 Mutations in the long isoform 1 were associated with epilepsy. 28178702 1 71 theme BACKGROUND 151:160 arg1 process 229:235 a post-translational modification process 195:235 a post-translational modification process 195:235 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation, which is a post-translational modification process, plays an important role in protein folding, intracellular trafficking and membrane targeting, as well as in regulating the protein function. 28178702 1 71 theme BACKGROUND 151:160 arg1 glycosylation 171:183 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation 151:183 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation 151:183 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation, which is a post-translational modification process, plays an important role in protein folding, intracellular trafficking and membrane targeting, as well as in regulating the protein function. 28178702 5 72 dep METHODS 954:960 arg1 show 983:986 show 983:986 show a different expression of the 2 isoforms depending on the tissue 983:1051 METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we show a different expression of the 2 isoforms depending on the tissue. 28178702 6 73 theme mRNA 1303:1306 arg1 levels 1320:1325 both mRNA and protein levels 1298:1325 levels 1320:1325 Specifically, the long isoform is highly expressed in lungs, ovaries, testes, cerebellum, cortex, retina, pituitary gland, and olfactory bulbs, while the short isoform is highly expressed in mouse podocytes and in human podocyte cell lines, at both mRNA and protein levels. 28178702 7 74 theme immunostaining 1485:1498 arg1 band 1500:1503 an additional immunostaining band 1471:1503 an additional immunostaining band of about 130 kD 1471:1519 The silencing of ALG13-is2 by specific siRNAs induces an altered N-linked glycosylation pattern of nephrin, as demonstrated by the presence of an additional immunostaining band of about 130 kD. 28178702 2 75 theme gene 471:474 arg1 isoform 445:451 the short isoform 2 435:453 the short isoform 2 of the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2), which segregated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and PCCD in a large Australian pedigree 435:619 Recently, we identified a missense variant (p.T141L) in the short isoform 2 of the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2), which segregated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and PCCD in a large Australian pedigree; however, any evidence of its pathogenicity was demonstrated. 28178702 3 76 theme precursor 846:854 arg1 addition 797:804 the second sugar addition 780:804 the second sugar addition of the highly conserved oligosaccharide precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 780:888 ALG13 gene encodes, through alternative splicing, 2 glycosyltransferase isoforms, which catalyse the second sugar addition of the highly conserved oligosaccharide precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). 28178702 1 77 theme protein 361:367 arg1 function 369:376 the protein function 357:376 the protein function 357:376 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation, which is a post-translational modification process, plays an important role in protein folding, intracellular trafficking and membrane targeting, as well as in regulating the protein function. 28178702 3 78 theme conserved 820:828 arg1 precursor 846:854 the highly conserved oligosaccharide precursor 809:854 the highly conserved oligosaccharide precursor 809:854 ALG13 gene encodes, through alternative splicing, 2 glycosyltransferase isoforms, which catalyse the second sugar addition of the highly conserved oligosaccharide precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). 28178702 9 79 theme N-linked 1731:1738 arg1 glycosylation 1740:1752 N-linked glycosylation 1731:1752 N-linked glycosylation 1731:1752 We also demonstrated that the altered pattern of N-linked glycosylation induces an over-expression of binding immunoglobulin protein and calreticulin, suggesting ER stress. 28178702 2 80 theme short 439:443 arg1 isoform 445:451 the short isoform 2 435:453 the short isoform 2 of the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2), which segregated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and PCCD in a large Australian pedigree 435:619 Recently, we identified a missense variant (p.T141L) in the short isoform 2 of the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2), which segregated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and PCCD in a large Australian pedigree; however, any evidence of its pathogenicity was demonstrated. 28178702 2 81 link X-linked 462:469 arg1 gene 471:474 the X-linked gene 458:474 the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2) 458:521 Recently, we identified a missense variant (p.T141L) in the short isoform 2 of the X-linked gene asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13-is2), which segregated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and PCCD in a large Australian pedigree; however, any evidence of its pathogenicity was demonstrated. 28178702 0 82 theme Expression 21:30 arg1 Dysregulation 0:12 Dysregulation 0:12 Dysregulation of the Expression of Asparagine-Linked Glycosylation 13 Short Isoform 2 0:84 Dysregulation of the Expression of Asparagine-Linked Glycosylation 13 Short Isoform 2 Affects Nephrin Function by Altering Its N-Linked Glycosylation. 28178702 0 83 theme Asparagine-Linked 35:51 arg1 Glycosylation 53:65 Asparagine-Linked Glycosylation 13 Short Isoform 2 35:84 Asparagine-Linked Glycosylation 13 Short Isoform 2 35:84 Dysregulation of the Expression of Asparagine-Linked Glycosylation 13 Short Isoform 2 Affects Nephrin Function by Altering Its N-Linked Glycosylation. 28178702 9 84 theme binding 1784:1790 arg1 protein 1807:1813 binding immunoglobulin protein 1784:1813 binding immunoglobulin protein 1784:1813 We also demonstrated that the altered pattern of N-linked glycosylation induces an over-expression of binding immunoglobulin protein and calreticulin, suggesting ER stress. 28178702 1 85 link N-linked 162:169 arg1 process 229:235 a post-translational modification process 195:235 a post-translational modification process 195:235 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation, which is a post-translational modification process, plays an important role in protein folding, intracellular trafficking and membrane targeting, as well as in regulating the protein function. 28178702 1 85 link N-linked 162:169 arg1 glycosylation 171:183 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation 151:183 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation 151:183 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation, which is a post-translational modification process, plays an important role in protein folding, intracellular trafficking and membrane targeting, as well as in regulating the protein function. 28178702 9 86 theme protein 1807:1813 arg1 over-expression 1765:1779 an over-expression 1762:1779 an over-expression of binding immunoglobulin protein and calreticulin 1762:1830 We also demonstrated that the altered pattern of N-linked glycosylation induces an over-expression of binding immunoglobulin protein and calreticulin, suggesting ER stress. 28178702 3 87 from addition 797:804 arg1 ER 886:887 ER 886:887 ER 886:887 ALG13 gene encodes, through alternative splicing, 2 glycosyltransferase isoforms, which catalyse the second sugar addition of the highly conserved oligosaccharide precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). 28178702 3 87 from addition 797:804 arg1 reticulum 875:883 the endoplasmic reticulum 859:883 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 859:888 ALG13 gene encodes, through alternative splicing, 2 glycosyltransferase isoforms, which catalyse the second sugar addition of the highly conserved oligosaccharide precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). 28178702 9 88 theme calreticulin 1819:1830 arg1 over-expression 1765:1779 an over-expression 1762:1779 an over-expression of binding immunoglobulin protein and calreticulin 1762:1830 We also demonstrated that the altered pattern of N-linked glycosylation induces an over-expression of binding immunoglobulin protein and calreticulin, suggesting ER stress. 28178702 1 89 theme important 247:255 arg1 role 257:260 an important role 244:260 an important role 244:260 BACKGROUND N-linked glycosylation, which is a post-translational modification process, plays an important role in protein folding, intracellular trafficking and membrane targeting, as well as in regulating the protein function. 28178702 10 90 dep CONCLUSIONS 1855:1865 arg1 provide 1881:1887 provide 1881:1887 provide preliminary evidence that ALG13-is2 could be an important modifier of renal filtration defects 1881:1982 CONCLUSIONS These results provide preliminary evidence that ALG13-is2 could be an important modifier of renal filtration defects. 28178702 10 91 theme preliminary 1889:1899 arg1 evidence 1901:1908 preliminary evidence that ALG13-is2 could be an important modifier of renal filtration defects 1889:1982 preliminary evidence that ALG13-is2 could be an important modifier of renal filtration defects 1889:1982 CONCLUSIONS These results provide preliminary evidence that ALG13-is2 could be an important modifier of renal filtration defects. 28178702 10 92 theme filtration 1965:1974 arg1 defects 1976:1982 renal filtration defects 1959:1982 renal filtration defects 1959:1982 CONCLUSIONS These results provide preliminary evidence that ALG13-is2 could be an important modifier of renal filtration defects. 24781901 4 0 from microbiome 593:602 arg1 cecum 680:684 cecum 680:684 cecum 680:684 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 4 0 from microbiome 593:602 arg1 sigmoid 690:696 sigmoid 690:696 sigmoid 690:696 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 6 1 theme FUT2 1150:1153 arg1 genotype 1160:1167 the FUT2(-/-) genotype 1146:1167 the FUT2(-/-) genotype 1146:1167 Similar changes were observed in mice bearing the FUT2(-/-) genotype. 24781901 9 2 theme compositional 1524:1536 arg1 levels 1553:1558 both the compositional and functional levels 1515:1558 levels 1553:1558 Therefore, the colonic microbiota of non-secretors is altered at both the compositional and functional levels, affecting the host mucosal state and potentially explaining the association of FUT2 genotype and CD susceptibility. 24781901 1 3 theme intestinal 218:227 arg1 mucosa 229:234 the intestinal mucosa 214:234 the intestinal mucosa 214:234 Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) is an enzyme that is responsible for the synthesis of the H antigen in body fluids and on the intestinal mucosa. 24781901 6 4 theme Similar 1100:1106 arg1 changes 1108:1114 Similar changes 1100:1114 Similar changes 1100:1114 Similar changes were observed in mice bearing the FUT2(-/-) genotype. 24781901 9 5 dep levels 1553:1558 arg1 both 1515:1518 both 1515:1518 both 1515:1518 Therefore, the colonic microbiota of non-secretors is altered at both the compositional and functional levels, affecting the host mucosal state and potentially explaining the association of FUT2 genotype and CD susceptibility. 24781901 5 6 theme Imputed 752:758 arg1 analysis 772:779 Imputed metagenomic analysis 752:779 Imputed metagenomic analysis 752:779 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 9 7 theme genotype 1645:1652 arg1 association 1625:1635 the association 1621:1635 the association of FUT2 genotype and CD susceptibility 1621:1674 Therefore, the colonic microbiota of non-secretors is altered at both the compositional and functional levels, affecting the host mucosal state and potentially explaining the association of FUT2 genotype and CD susceptibility. 24781901 5 8 theme metabolism 971:980 arg1 enrichment 901:910 the enrichment 897:910 the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis 897:1004 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 8 theme metabolism 971:980 arg1 pathways 1029:1036 metabolism-related pathways 1010:1036 metabolism-related pathways 1010:1036 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 8 theme metabolism 971:980 arg1 individuals 876:886 non-secretor and heterozygote individuals 846:886 individuals 876:886 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 9 9 theme CD 1658:1659 arg1 susceptibility 1661:1674 CD susceptibility 1658:1674 CD susceptibility 1658:1674 Therefore, the colonic microbiota of non-secretors is altered at both the compositional and functional levels, affecting the host mucosal state and potentially explaining the association of FUT2 genotype and CD susceptibility. 24781901 4 10 theme mucosal 558:564 arg1 ecosystem 566:574 the mucosal ecosystem 554:574 the mucosal ecosystem 554:574 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 5 11 theme glycan 986:991 arg1 biosynthesis 993:1004 glycan biosynthesis 986:1004 glycan biosynthesis 986:1004 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 1 12 theme H 182:182 arg1 antigen 184:190 the H antigen 178:190 the H antigen 178:190 Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) is an enzyme that is responsible for the synthesis of the H antigen in body fluids and on the intestinal mucosa. 24781901 7 13 theme metabolites 1280:1290 arg1 levels 1262:1267 the levels 1258:1267 the levels of several metabolites 1258:1290 Metabolomic analysis of human specimens revealed concordant as well as novel changes in the levels of several metabolites. 24781901 1 14 from synthesis 165:173 arg1 mucosa 229:234 the intestinal mucosa 214:234 the intestinal mucosa 214:234 Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) is an enzyme that is responsible for the synthesis of the H antigen in body fluids and on the intestinal mucosa. 24781901 1 14 from synthesis 165:173 arg1 fluids 200:205 body fluids 195:205 body fluids 195:205 Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) is an enzyme that is responsible for the synthesis of the H antigen in body fluids and on the intestinal mucosa. 24781901 5 15 theme energy 807:812 arg1 metabolism 814:823 energy metabolism 807:823 energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways 807:1036 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 8 16 theme inflammation 1405:1416 arg1 levels 1395:1400 sub-clinical levels 1382:1400 sub-clinical levels of inflammation in the local intestinal mucosa 1382:1447 Human metaproteomic analysis indicated that these functional changes were accompanied by sub-clinical levels of inflammation in the local intestinal mucosa. 24781901 8 17 from levels 1395:1400 arg1 mucosa 1442:1447 the local intestinal mucosa 1421:1447 the local intestinal mucosa 1421:1447 Human metaproteomic analysis indicated that these functional changes were accompanied by sub-clinical levels of inflammation in the local intestinal mucosa. 24781901 8 18 theme intestinal 1431:1440 arg1 mucosa 1442:1447 the local intestinal mucosa 1421:1447 the local intestinal mucosa 1421:1447 Human metaproteomic analysis indicated that these functional changes were accompanied by sub-clinical levels of inflammation in the local intestinal mucosa. 24781901 4 19 from sigmoid 690:696 arg1 samples 663:669 75 endoscopic lavage samples 642:669 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese) 642:749 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 4 19 from sigmoid 690:696 arg1 meta-metabolome 623:637 meta-metabolome 623:637 meta-metabolome 623:637 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 4 19 from sigmoid 690:696 arg1 meta-proteome 605:617 meta-proteome 605:617 meta-proteome 605:617 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 4 19 from sigmoid 690:696 arg1 microbiome 593:602 the microbiome 589:602 the microbiome 589:602 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 4 20 theme samples 663:669 arg1 meta-metabolome 623:637 meta-metabolome 623:637 meta-metabolome 623:637 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 4 20 theme samples 663:669 arg1 meta-proteome 605:617 meta-proteome 605:617 meta-proteome 605:617 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 4 20 theme samples 663:669 arg1 microbiome 593:602 the microbiome 589:602 the microbiome 589:602 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 0 21 theme risk 77:80 arg1 polymorphism 82:93 the FUT2 Crohn's disease risk polymorphism 52:93 the FUT2 Crohn's disease risk polymorphism 52:93 Reprograming of gut microbiome energy metabolism by the FUT2 Crohn's disease risk polymorphism. 24781901 4 22 from cecum 680:684 arg1 samples 663:669 75 endoscopic lavage samples 642:669 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese) 642:749 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 4 22 from cecum 680:684 arg1 meta-metabolome 623:637 meta-metabolome 623:637 meta-metabolome 623:637 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 4 22 from cecum 680:684 arg1 meta-proteome 605:617 meta-proteome 605:617 meta-proteome 605:617 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 4 22 from cecum 680:684 arg1 microbiome 593:602 the microbiome 589:602 the microbiome 589:602 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 9 23 theme non-secretors 1487:1499 arg1 microbiota 1473:1482 the colonic microbiota 1461:1482 the colonic microbiota of non-secretors 1461:1499 Therefore, the colonic microbiota of non-secretors is altered at both the compositional and functional levels, affecting the host mucosal state and potentially explaining the association of FUT2 genotype and CD susceptibility. 24781901 2 24 dep site 312:315 arg1 an 298:299 an 298:299 an 298:299 The H antigen is an oligosaccharide moiety that acts as both an attachment site and carbon source for intestinal bacteria. 24781901 0 25 theme metabolism 38:47 arg1 Reprograming 0:11 Reprograming 0:11 Reprograming of gut microbiome energy metabolism by the FUT2 Crohn's disease risk polymorphism. 0:94 Reprograming of gut microbiome energy metabolism by the FUT2 Crohn's disease risk polymorphism. 24781901 5 26 from metabolism 814:823 arg1 microbiome 832:841 the microbiome 828:841 the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways 828:1036 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 4 27 theme lavage 656:661 arg1 samples 663:669 75 endoscopic lavage samples 642:669 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese) 642:749 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 2 28 theme carbon 321:326 arg1 source 328:333 carbon source 321:333 carbon source 321:333 The H antigen is an oligosaccharide moiety that acts as both an attachment site and carbon source for intestinal bacteria. 24781901 7 29 theme novel 1241:1245 arg1 changes 1247:1253 concordant as well as novel changes 1219:1253 concordant as well as novel changes in the levels of several metabolites 1219:1290 Metabolomic analysis of human specimens revealed concordant as well as novel changes in the levels of several metabolites. 24781901 8 30 theme metaproteomic 1299:1311 arg1 analysis 1313:1320 Human metaproteomic analysis 1293:1320 Human metaproteomic analysis 1293:1320 Human metaproteomic analysis indicated that these functional changes were accompanied by sub-clinical levels of inflammation in the local intestinal mucosa. 24781901 3 31 theme loss-of-function 402:417 arg1 alleles 419:425 the loss-of-function alleles 398:425 the loss-of-function alleles of FUT2 gene (sese) 398:445 Non-secretors, who are homozygous for the loss-of-function alleles of FUT2 gene (sese), have increased susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD). 24781901 0 32 theme gut 16:18 arg1 metabolism 38:47 gut microbiome energy metabolism 16:47 gut microbiome energy metabolism 16:47 Reprograming of gut microbiome energy metabolism by the FUT2 Crohn's disease risk polymorphism. 24781901 5 33 theme non-secretor 846:857 arg1 enrichment 901:910 the enrichment 897:910 the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis 897:1004 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 33 theme non-secretor 846:857 arg1 pathways 1029:1036 metabolism-related pathways 1010:1036 metabolism-related pathways 1010:1036 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 33 theme non-secretor 846:857 arg1 individuals 876:886 non-secretor and heterozygote individuals 846:886 individuals 876:886 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 0 34 theme energy 31:36 arg1 metabolism 38:47 gut microbiome energy metabolism 16:47 gut microbiome energy metabolism 16:47 Reprograming of gut microbiome energy metabolism by the FUT2 Crohn's disease risk polymorphism. 24781901 5 35 theme amino-acid 1060:1069 arg1 biosynthesis 1071:1082 amino-acid biosynthesis 1060:1082 amino-acid biosynthesis 1060:1082 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 9 36 theme functional 1542:1551 arg1 levels 1553:1558 both the compositional and functional levels 1515:1558 levels 1553:1558 Therefore, the colonic microbiota of non-secretors is altered at both the compositional and functional levels, affecting the host mucosal state and potentially explaining the association of FUT2 genotype and CD susceptibility. 24781901 7 37 theme concordant 1219:1228 arg1 changes 1247:1253 concordant as well as novel changes 1219:1253 concordant as well as novel changes in the levels of several metabolites 1219:1290 Metabolomic analysis of human specimens revealed concordant as well as novel changes in the levels of several metabolites. 24781901 0 38 theme FUT2 56:59 arg1 Crohn 61:65 the FUT2 Crohn's 52:67 the FUT2 Crohn's disease risk polymorphism 52:93 Reprograming of gut microbiome energy metabolism by the FUT2 Crohn's disease risk polymorphism. 24781901 3 39 theme gene 435:438 arg1 alleles 419:425 the loss-of-function alleles 398:425 the loss-of-function alleles of FUT2 gene (sese) 398:445 Non-secretors, who are homozygous for the loss-of-function alleles of FUT2 gene (sese), have increased susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD). 24781901 5 40 theme metabolism 938:947 arg1 enrichment 901:910 the enrichment 897:910 the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis 897:1004 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 40 theme metabolism 938:947 arg1 pathways 1029:1036 metabolism-related pathways 1010:1036 metabolism-related pathways 1010:1036 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 40 theme metabolism 938:947 arg1 individuals 876:886 non-secretor and heterozygote individuals 846:886 individuals 876:886 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 7 41 theme specimens 1200:1208 arg1 analysis 1182:1189 Metabolomic analysis 1170:1189 Metabolomic analysis of human specimens 1170:1208 Metabolomic analysis of human specimens revealed concordant as well as novel changes in the levels of several metabolites. 24781901 1 42 theme antigen 184:190 arg1 synthesis 165:173 the synthesis 161:173 the synthesis of the H antigen in body fluids and on the intestinal mucosa 161:234 Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) is an enzyme that is responsible for the synthesis of the H antigen in body fluids and on the intestinal mucosa. 24781901 4 43 theme subjects 712:719 arg1 cecum 680:684 cecum 680:684 cecum 680:684 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 5 44 from microbiome 832:841 arg1 perturbations 790:802 perturbations 790:802 perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways 790:1036 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 44 from microbiome 832:841 arg1 depletion 1047:1055 the depletion 1043:1055 the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism 1043:1097 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 1 45 theme body 195:198 arg1 fluids 200:205 body fluids 195:205 body fluids 195:205 Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) is an enzyme that is responsible for the synthesis of the H antigen in body fluids and on the intestinal mucosa. 24781901 9 46 theme mucosal 1580:1586 arg1 state 1588:1592 the host mucosal state 1571:1592 the host mucosal state 1571:1592 Therefore, the colonic microbiota of non-secretors is altered at both the compositional and functional levels, affecting the host mucosal state and potentially explaining the association of FUT2 genotype and CD susceptibility. 24781901 7 47 from changes 1247:1253 arg1 levels 1262:1267 the levels 1258:1267 the levels of several metabolites 1258:1290 Metabolomic analysis of human specimens revealed concordant as well as novel changes in the levels of several metabolites. 24781901 7 48 theme Metabolomic 1170:1180 arg1 analysis 1182:1189 Metabolomic analysis 1170:1189 Metabolomic analysis of human specimens 1170:1208 Metabolomic analysis of human specimens revealed concordant as well as novel changes in the levels of several metabolites. 24781901 4 49 from effect 523:528 arg1 ecosystem 566:574 the mucosal ecosystem 554:574 the mucosal ecosystem 554:574 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 2 50 theme H 241:241 arg1 moiety 273:278 an oligosaccharide moiety 254:278 an oligosaccharide moiety that acts as both an attachment site and carbon source for intestinal bacteria 254:357 The H antigen is an oligosaccharide moiety that acts as both an attachment site and carbon source for intestinal bacteria. 24781901 2 50 theme H 241:241 arg1 antigen 243:249 The H antigen 237:249 The H antigen 237:249 The H antigen is an oligosaccharide moiety that acts as both an attachment site and carbon source for intestinal bacteria. 24781901 9 51 theme colonic 1465:1471 arg1 microbiota 1473:1482 the colonic microbiota 1461:1482 the colonic microbiota of non-secretors 1461:1499 Therefore, the colonic microbiota of non-secretors is altered at both the compositional and functional levels, affecting the host mucosal state and potentially explaining the association of FUT2 genotype and CD susceptibility. 24781901 3 52 theme increased 453:461 arg1 susceptibility 463:476 increased susceptibility 453:476 increased susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD) 453:500 Non-secretors, who are homozygous for the loss-of-function alleles of FUT2 gene (sese), have increased susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD). 24781901 4 53 dep subjects 712:719 arg1 SeSe 725:728 12 SeSe 722:728 12 SeSe 722:728 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 4 53 dep subjects 712:719 arg1 Sese 734:737 18 Sese and 9 sese 731:748 Sese 734:737 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 4 53 dep subjects 712:719 arg1 sese 745:748 18 Sese and 9 sese 731:748 sese 745:748 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 2 54 theme oligosaccharide 257:271 arg1 moiety 273:278 an oligosaccharide moiety 254:278 an oligosaccharide moiety that acts as both an attachment site and carbon source for intestinal bacteria 254:357 The H antigen is an oligosaccharide moiety that acts as both an attachment site and carbon source for intestinal bacteria. 24781901 2 54 theme oligosaccharide 257:271 arg1 antigen 243:249 The H antigen 237:249 The H antigen 237:249 The H antigen is an oligosaccharide moiety that acts as both an attachment site and carbon source for intestinal bacteria. 24781901 9 55 theme FUT2 1640:1643 arg1 genotype 1645:1652 FUT2 genotype 1640:1652 FUT2 genotype 1640:1652 Therefore, the colonic microbiota of non-secretors is altered at both the compositional and functional levels, affecting the host mucosal state and potentially explaining the association of FUT2 genotype and CD susceptibility. 24781901 8 56 theme sub-clinical 1382:1393 arg1 levels 1395:1400 sub-clinical levels 1382:1400 sub-clinical levels of inflammation in the local intestinal mucosa 1382:1447 Human metaproteomic analysis indicated that these functional changes were accompanied by sub-clinical levels of inflammation in the local intestinal mucosa. 24781901 4 57 theme polymorphism 538:549 arg1 effect 523:528 the effect 519:528 the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem 519:574 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 9 58 theme susceptibility 1661:1674 arg1 association 1625:1635 the association 1621:1635 the association of FUT2 genotype and CD susceptibility 1621:1674 Therefore, the colonic microbiota of non-secretors is altered at both the compositional and functional levels, affecting the host mucosal state and potentially explaining the association of FUT2 genotype and CD susceptibility. 24781901 5 59 theme cofactor 950:957 arg1 enrichment 901:910 the enrichment 897:910 the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis 897:1004 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 59 theme cofactor 950:957 arg1 pathways 1029:1036 metabolism-related pathways 1010:1036 metabolism-related pathways 1010:1036 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 59 theme cofactor 950:957 arg1 individuals 876:886 non-secretor and heterozygote individuals 846:886 individuals 876:886 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 60 theme metabolism 814:823 arg1 perturbations 790:802 perturbations 790:802 perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways 790:1036 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 60 theme metabolism 814:823 arg1 depletion 1047:1055 the depletion 1043:1055 the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism 1043:1097 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 8 61 theme local 1425:1429 arg1 mucosa 1442:1447 the local intestinal mucosa 1421:1447 the local intestinal mucosa 1421:1447 Human metaproteomic analysis indicated that these functional changes were accompanied by sub-clinical levels of inflammation in the local intestinal mucosa. 24781901 7 62 theme several 1272:1278 arg1 metabolites 1280:1290 several metabolites 1272:1290 several metabolites 1272:1290 Metabolomic analysis of human specimens revealed concordant as well as novel changes in the levels of several metabolites. 24781901 5 63 theme vitamin 963:969 arg1 metabolism 971:980 vitamin metabolism 963:980 vitamin metabolism 963:980 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 64 theme metagenomic 760:770 arg1 analysis 772:779 Imputed metagenomic analysis 752:779 Imputed metagenomic analysis 752:779 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 0 65 theme disease 69:75 arg1 polymorphism 82:93 the FUT2 Crohn's disease risk polymorphism 52:93 the FUT2 Crohn's disease risk polymorphism 52:93 Reprograming of gut microbiome energy metabolism by the FUT2 Crohn's disease risk polymorphism. 24781901 4 66 dep cecum 680:684 arg1 the 676:678 the 676:678 the 676:678 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 3 67 contain have 448:451 arg2 susceptibility 463:476 increased susceptibility 453:476 increased susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD) 453:500 Non-secretors, who are homozygous for the loss-of-function alleles of FUT2 gene (sese), have increased susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD). 24781901 3 67 contain have 448:451 arg1 Non-secretors 360:372 Non-secretors 360:372 Non-secretors 360:372 Non-secretors, who are homozygous for the loss-of-function alleles of FUT2 gene (sese), have increased susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD). 24781901 5 68 from perturbations 790:802 arg1 microbiome 832:841 the microbiome 828:841 the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways 828:1036 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 69 theme heterozygote 863:874 arg1 enrichment 901:910 the enrichment 897:910 the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis 897:1004 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 69 theme heterozygote 863:874 arg1 pathways 1029:1036 metabolism-related pathways 1010:1036 metabolism-related pathways 1010:1036 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 69 theme heterozygote 863:874 arg1 individuals 876:886 non-secretor and heterozygote individuals 846:886 individuals 876:886 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 70 theme metabolism-related 1010:1027 arg1 pathways 1029:1036 metabolism-related pathways 1010:1036 metabolism-related pathways 1010:1036 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 70 theme metabolism-related 1010:1027 arg1 individuals 876:886 non-secretor and heterozygote individuals 846:886 individuals 876:886 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 71 theme individuals 876:886 arg1 microbiome 832:841 the microbiome 828:841 the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways 828:1036 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 4 72 theme endoscopic 645:654 arg1 samples 663:669 75 endoscopic lavage samples 642:669 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese) 642:749 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 0 73 theme microbiome 20:29 arg1 metabolism 38:47 gut microbiome energy metabolism 16:47 gut microbiome energy metabolism 16:47 Reprograming of gut microbiome energy metabolism by the FUT2 Crohn's disease risk polymorphism. 24781901 6 74 located observed 1121:1128 arg1 mice 1133:1136 mice 1133:1136 mice bearing the FUT2(-/-) genotype 1133:1167 Similar changes were observed in mice bearing the FUT2(-/-) genotype. 24781901 6 74 located observed 1121:1128 arg2 changes 1108:1114 Similar changes 1100:1114 Similar changes 1100:1114 Similar changes were observed in mice bearing the FUT2(-/-) genotype. 24781901 8 75 theme Human 1293:1297 arg1 analysis 1313:1320 Human metaproteomic analysis 1293:1320 Human metaproteomic analysis 1293:1320 Human metaproteomic analysis indicated that these functional changes were accompanied by sub-clinical levels of inflammation in the local intestinal mucosa. 24781901 5 76 from depletion 1047:1055 arg1 microbiome 832:841 the microbiome 828:841 the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways 828:1036 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 77 theme carbohydrate 915:926 arg1 enrichment 901:910 the enrichment 897:910 the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis 897:1004 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 77 theme carbohydrate 915:926 arg1 pathways 1029:1036 metabolism-related pathways 1010:1036 metabolism-related pathways 1010:1036 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 77 theme carbohydrate 915:926 arg1 individuals 876:886 non-secretor and heterozygote individuals 846:886 individuals 876:886 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 2 78 theme intestinal 339:348 arg1 bacteria 350:357 intestinal bacteria 339:357 intestinal bacteria 339:357 The H antigen is an oligosaccharide moiety that acts as both an attachment site and carbon source for intestinal bacteria. 24781901 5 79 theme biosynthesis 1071:1082 arg1 perturbations 790:802 perturbations 790:802 perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways 790:1036 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 79 theme biosynthesis 1071:1082 arg1 depletion 1047:1055 the depletion 1043:1055 the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism 1043:1097 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 80 theme lipid 932:936 arg1 metabolism 938:947 lipid metabolism 932:947 lipid metabolism 932:947 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 7 81 theme human 1194:1198 arg1 specimens 1200:1208 human specimens 1194:1208 human specimens 1194:1208 Metabolomic analysis of human specimens revealed concordant as well as novel changes in the levels of several metabolites. 24781901 5 82 theme metabolism 1088:1097 arg1 perturbations 790:802 perturbations 790:802 perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways 790:1036 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 5 82 theme metabolism 1088:1097 arg1 depletion 1047:1055 the depletion 1043:1055 the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism 1043:1097 Imputed metagenomic analysis revealed perturbations of energy metabolism in the microbiome of non-secretor and heterozygote individuals, notably the enrichment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, and the depletion of amino-acid biosynthesis and metabolism. 24781901 8 83 theme functional 1343:1352 arg1 changes 1354:1360 these functional changes 1337:1360 these functional changes 1337:1360 Human metaproteomic analysis indicated that these functional changes were accompanied by sub-clinical levels of inflammation in the local intestinal mucosa. 24781901 3 84 theme FUT2 430:433 arg1 gene 435:438 FUT2 gene 430:438 FUT2 gene (sese) 430:445 Non-secretors, who are homozygous for the loss-of-function alleles of FUT2 gene (sese), have increased susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD). 24781901 3 84 theme FUT2 430:433 arg1 sese 441:444 sese 441:444 sese 441:444 Non-secretors, who are homozygous for the loss-of-function alleles of FUT2 gene (sese), have increased susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD). 24781901 4 85 from meta-metabolome 623:637 arg1 cecum 680:684 cecum 680:684 cecum 680:684 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 4 85 from meta-metabolome 623:637 arg1 sigmoid 690:696 sigmoid 690:696 sigmoid 690:696 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 9 86 theme host 1575:1578 arg1 state 1588:1592 the host mucosal state 1571:1592 the host mucosal state 1571:1592 Therefore, the colonic microbiota of non-secretors is altered at both the compositional and functional levels, affecting the host mucosal state and potentially explaining the association of FUT2 genotype and CD susceptibility. 24781901 4 87 theme FUT2 533:536 arg1 polymorphism 538:549 FUT2 polymorphism 533:549 FUT2 polymorphism 533:549 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 4 88 theme healthy 704:710 arg1 subjects 712:719 39 healthy subjects 701:719 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese) 701:749 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 2 89 theme attachment 301:310 arg1 site 312:315 attachment site 301:315 attachment site 301:315 The H antigen is an oligosaccharide moiety that acts as both an attachment site and carbon source for intestinal bacteria. 24781901 4 90 from meta-proteome 605:617 arg1 cecum 680:684 cecum 680:684 cecum 680:684 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 24781901 4 90 from meta-proteome 605:617 arg1 sigmoid 690:696 sigmoid 690:696 sigmoid 690:696 To characterize the effect of FUT2 polymorphism on the mucosal ecosystem, we profiled the microbiome, meta-proteome and meta-metabolome of 75 endoscopic lavage samples from the cecum and sigmoid of 39 healthy subjects (12 SeSe, 18 Sese and 9 sese). 26202266 5 0 theme drug 827:830 arg1 vehicles 841:848 drug delivery vehicles 827:848 drug delivery vehicles 827:848 Here, we describe protocols to obtain information on the composition and dynamics of the glycocalyx, and the role of individual glycocalyx components in the uptake of drug delivery vehicles. 26202266 1 1 theme charged 131:137 arg1 glycocalyx 171:180 the glycocalyx 167:180 the glycocalyx 167:180 Cells are covered by a layer of negatively charged oligo- and polysaccharides, the glycocalyx. 26202266 1 1 theme charged 131:137 arg1 oligo- 139:144 oligo- 139:144 oligo- 139:144 Cells are covered by a layer of negatively charged oligo- and polysaccharides, the glycocalyx. 26202266 0 2 theme Peptides 78:85 arg1 Uptake 51:56 the Uptake 47:56 the Uptake of Cell-Penetrating Peptides 47:85 Methods to Study the Role of the Glycocalyx in the Uptake of Cell-Penetrating Peptides. 26202266 0 3 theme Cell-Penetrating 61:76 arg1 Peptides 78:85 Cell-Penetrating Peptides 61:85 Cell-Penetrating Peptides 61:85 Methods to Study the Role of the Glycocalyx in the Uptake of Cell-Penetrating Peptides. 26202266 3 4 with interactions 387:398 arg1 glycocalyx 409:418 the glycocalyx 405:418 the glycocalyx 405:418 While a large body of data supports the notion that interactions with the glycocalyx promote or even trigger uptake, in some cases, the glycocalyx compromises delivery. 26202266 1 5 theme oligo- 139:144 arg1 layer 111:115 a layer 109:115 a layer of negatively charged oligo- and polysaccharides, the glycocalyx 109:180 Cells are covered by a layer of negatively charged oligo- and polysaccharides, the glycocalyx. 26202266 4 6 theme delivery 605:612 arg1 vehicle 614:620 each specific delivery vehicle 591:620 each specific delivery vehicle 591:620 As a consequence there is a need to address the role of the glycocalyx in delivery for each specific delivery vehicle and for each particular type of cell. 26202266 0 7 from Role 21:24 arg1 Uptake 51:56 the Uptake 47:56 the Uptake of Cell-Penetrating Peptides 47:85 Methods to Study the Role of the Glycocalyx in the Uptake of Cell-Penetrating Peptides. 26202266 5 8 dep composition 717:727 arg1 the 713:715 the 713:715 the 713:715 Here, we describe protocols to obtain information on the composition and dynamics of the glycocalyx, and the role of individual glycocalyx components in the uptake of drug delivery vehicles. 26202266 1 9 theme polysaccharides 150:164 arg1 layer 111:115 a layer 109:115 a layer of negatively charged oligo- and polysaccharides, the glycocalyx 109:180 Cells are covered by a layer of negatively charged oligo- and polysaccharides, the glycocalyx. 26202266 5 10 theme glycocalyx 749:758 arg1 dynamics 733:740 dynamics 733:740 dynamics 733:740 Here, we describe protocols to obtain information on the composition and dynamics of the glycocalyx, and the role of individual glycocalyx components in the uptake of drug delivery vehicles. 26202266 5 10 theme glycocalyx 749:758 arg1 composition 717:727 composition 717:727 composition 717:727 Here, we describe protocols to obtain information on the composition and dynamics of the glycocalyx, and the role of individual glycocalyx components in the uptake of drug delivery vehicles. 26202266 4 11 from role 552:555 arg1 delivery 578:585 delivery 578:585 delivery 578:585 As a consequence there is a need to address the role of the glycocalyx in delivery for each specific delivery vehicle and for each particular type of cell. 26202266 2 12 theme lipid 297:301 arg1 bilayer 303:309 the lipid bilayer 293:309 the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane 293:332 Cell-penetrating peptides and other drug delivery vehicles first encounter these polyanions before contacting the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. 26202266 3 13 theme data 357:360 arg1 body 349:352 a large body 341:352 a large body of data 341:360 While a large body of data supports the notion that interactions with the glycocalyx promote or even trigger uptake, in some cases, the glycocalyx compromises delivery. 26202266 5 14 theme delivery 832:839 arg1 vehicles 841:848 drug delivery vehicles 827:848 drug delivery vehicles 827:848 Here, we describe protocols to obtain information on the composition and dynamics of the glycocalyx, and the role of individual glycocalyx components in the uptake of drug delivery vehicles. 26202266 4 15 theme cell 654:657 arg1 type 646:649 each particular type 630:649 each particular type of cell 630:657 As a consequence there is a need to address the role of the glycocalyx in delivery for each specific delivery vehicle and for each particular type of cell. 26202266 2 16 theme drug 219:222 arg1 vehicles 233:240 other drug delivery vehicles 213:240 other drug delivery vehicles 213:240 Cell-penetrating peptides and other drug delivery vehicles first encounter these polyanions before contacting the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. 26202266 4 17 from delivery 578:585 arg1 role 552:555 the role 548:555 the role of the glycocalyx in delivery for each specific delivery vehicle and for each particular type of cell 548:657 As a consequence there is a need to address the role of the glycocalyx in delivery for each specific delivery vehicle and for each particular type of cell. 26202266 4 18 theme specific 596:603 arg1 vehicle 614:620 each specific delivery vehicle 591:620 each specific delivery vehicle 591:620 As a consequence there is a need to address the role of the glycocalyx in delivery for each specific delivery vehicle and for each particular type of cell. 26202266 5 19 theme glycocalyx 788:797 arg1 components 799:808 individual glycocalyx components 777:808 individual glycocalyx components 777:808 Here, we describe protocols to obtain information on the composition and dynamics of the glycocalyx, and the role of individual glycocalyx components in the uptake of drug delivery vehicles. 26202266 2 20 theme other 213:217 arg1 vehicles 233:240 other drug delivery vehicles 213:240 other drug delivery vehicles 213:240 Cell-penetrating peptides and other drug delivery vehicles first encounter these polyanions before contacting the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. 26202266 5 21 theme individual 777:786 arg1 components 799:808 individual glycocalyx components 777:808 individual glycocalyx components 777:808 Here, we describe protocols to obtain information on the composition and dynamics of the glycocalyx, and the role of individual glycocalyx components in the uptake of drug delivery vehicles. 26202266 0 22 theme Glycocalyx 33:42 arg1 Role 21:24 the Role 17:24 the Role of the Glycocalyx in the Uptake of Cell-Penetrating Peptides 17:85 Methods to Study the Role of the Glycocalyx in the Uptake of Cell-Penetrating Peptides. 26202266 3 23 theme large 343:347 arg1 body 349:352 a large body 341:352 a large body of data 341:360 While a large body of data supports the notion that interactions with the glycocalyx promote or even trigger uptake, in some cases, the glycocalyx compromises delivery. 26202266 5 24 theme vehicles 841:848 arg1 uptake 817:822 the uptake 813:822 the uptake of drug delivery vehicles 813:848 Here, we describe protocols to obtain information on the composition and dynamics of the glycocalyx, and the role of individual glycocalyx components in the uptake of drug delivery vehicles. 26202266 2 25 theme Cell-penetrating 183:198 arg1 peptides 200:207 Cell-penetrating peptides 183:207 Cell-penetrating peptides 183:207 Cell-penetrating peptides and other drug delivery vehicles first encounter these polyanions before contacting the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. 26202266 2 26 theme membrane 325:332 arg1 bilayer 303:309 the lipid bilayer 293:309 the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane 293:332 Cell-penetrating peptides and other drug delivery vehicles first encounter these polyanions before contacting the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. 26202266 5 27 from role 769:772 arg1 uptake 817:822 the uptake 813:822 the uptake of drug delivery vehicles 813:848 Here, we describe protocols to obtain information on the composition and dynamics of the glycocalyx, and the role of individual glycocalyx components in the uptake of drug delivery vehicles. 26202266 2 28 theme plasma 318:323 arg1 membrane 325:332 the plasma membrane 314:332 the plasma membrane 314:332 Cell-penetrating peptides and other drug delivery vehicles first encounter these polyanions before contacting the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. 26202266 5 29 from information 698:708 arg1 dynamics 733:740 dynamics 733:740 dynamics 733:740 Here, we describe protocols to obtain information on the composition and dynamics of the glycocalyx, and the role of individual glycocalyx components in the uptake of drug delivery vehicles. 26202266 5 29 from information 698:708 arg1 composition 717:727 composition 717:727 composition 717:727 Here, we describe protocols to obtain information on the composition and dynamics of the glycocalyx, and the role of individual glycocalyx components in the uptake of drug delivery vehicles. 26202266 4 30 theme particular 635:644 arg1 type 646:649 each particular type 630:649 each particular type of cell 630:657 As a consequence there is a need to address the role of the glycocalyx in delivery for each specific delivery vehicle and for each particular type of cell. 26202266 5 31 theme components 799:808 arg1 role 769:772 the role 765:772 the role of individual glycocalyx components in the uptake of drug delivery vehicles 765:848 Here, we describe protocols to obtain information on the composition and dynamics of the glycocalyx, and the role of individual glycocalyx components in the uptake of drug delivery vehicles. 26202266 4 32 from glycocalyx 564:573 arg1 delivery 578:585 delivery 578:585 delivery 578:585 As a consequence there is a need to address the role of the glycocalyx in delivery for each specific delivery vehicle and for each particular type of cell. 26202266 2 33 theme delivery 224:231 arg1 vehicles 233:240 other drug delivery vehicles 213:240 other drug delivery vehicles 213:240 Cell-penetrating peptides and other drug delivery vehicles first encounter these polyanions before contacting the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. 26202266 4 34 theme glycocalyx 564:573 arg1 role 552:555 the role 548:555 the role of the glycocalyx in delivery for each specific delivery vehicle and for each particular type of cell 548:657 As a consequence there is a need to address the role of the glycocalyx in delivery for each specific delivery vehicle and for each particular type of cell. 25238963 5 0 theme Wnt 827:829 arg1 signaling 831:839 diminished canonical Wnt signaling 806:839 diminished canonical Wnt signaling 806:839 We demonstrate that patterning defects associated with enhanced N-linked fucosylation are due to diminished canonical Wnt signaling. 25238963 9 1 theme transporter 1375:1385 arg1 up-regulation 1356:1368 up-regulation 1356:1368 up-regulation of a transporter, slc35c1 that promotes terminal fucosylation and thereby limits Wnt activity 1356:1462 These results suggest that Wnt limits its own signaling activity in part via up-regulation of a transporter, slc35c1 that promotes terminal fucosylation and thereby limits Wnt activity. 25238963 3 2 link N-linked 459:466 arg1 fucosylation 468:479 N-linked fucosylation 459:479 N-linked fucosylation 459:479 To study how changes in fucosylation impact embryonic development, we up-regulated N-linked fucosylation via over-expression of a key GDP-Fucose transporter, Slc35c1, in zebrafish. 25238963 6 3 theme Wnt8a 957:961 arg1 range 948:952 the signaling range 934:952 the signaling range of Wnt8a 934:961 Chimeric analyses demonstrate that elevated Slc35c1 expression in receiving cells decreases the signaling range of Wnt8a during zebrafish embryogenesis. 25238963 3 4 theme transporter 521:531 arg1 over-expression 485:499 over-expression 485:499 over-expression of a key GDP-Fucose transporter, Slc35c1, in zebrafish 485:554 To study how changes in fucosylation impact embryonic development, we up-regulated N-linked fucosylation via over-expression of a key GDP-Fucose transporter, Slc35c1, in zebrafish. 25238963 1 5 theme numerous 239:246 arg1 processes 259:267 numerous biological processes 239:267 numerous biological processes 239:267 L-fucose, a monosaccharide widely distributed in eukaryotes and certain bacteria, is a determinant of many functional glycans that play central roles in numerous biological processes. 25238963 1 6 theme biological 248:257 arg1 processes 259:267 numerous biological processes 239:267 numerous biological processes 239:267 L-fucose, a monosaccharide widely distributed in eukaryotes and certain bacteria, is a determinant of many functional glycans that play central roles in numerous biological processes. 25238963 8 7 theme canonical 1254:1262 arg1 signaling 1268:1276 canonical Wnt signaling 1254:1276 canonical Wnt signaling 1254:1276 Strikingly, slc35c1 expression is regulated by canonical Wnt signaling. 25238963 6 8 theme Slc35c1 886:892 arg1 expression 894:903 elevated Slc35c1 expression 877:903 elevated Slc35c1 expression in receiving cells 877:922 Chimeric analyses demonstrate that elevated Slc35c1 expression in receiving cells decreases the signaling range of Wnt8a during zebrafish embryogenesis. 25238963 0 9 gly fucosylation 59:70 arg1 zebrafish 75:83 zebrafish 75:83 zebrafish 75:83 Negative feedback regulation of Wnt signaling via N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish. 25238963 7 10 theme reduced 1075:1081 arg1 coreceptor 1113:1122 reduced Wnt8 ligand and elevated Lrp6 coreceptor 1075:1122 reduced Wnt8 ligand and elevated Lrp6 coreceptor 1075:1122 Moreover, we provide biochemical evidence that this decrease is associated with reduced Wnt8 ligand and elevated Lrp6 coreceptor, which we show are both substrates for N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish embryos. 25238963 7 11 from substrates 1148:1157 arg1 embryos 1198:1204 zebrafish embryos 1188:1204 zebrafish embryos 1188:1204 Moreover, we provide biochemical evidence that this decrease is associated with reduced Wnt8 ligand and elevated Lrp6 coreceptor, which we show are both substrates for N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish embryos. 25238963 6 12 theme elevated 877:884 arg1 expression 894:903 elevated Slc35c1 expression 877:903 elevated Slc35c1 expression in receiving cells 877:922 Chimeric analyses demonstrate that elevated Slc35c1 expression in receiving cells decreases the signaling range of Wnt8a during zebrafish embryogenesis. 25238963 4 13 theme N-linked 609:616 arg1 fucosylation 618:629 elevated N-linked fucosylation 600:629 elevated N-linked fucosylation 600:629 We show that Slc35c1 overexpression causes elevated N-linked fucosylation and disrupts embryonic patterning in a transporter activity dependent manner. 25238963 6 14 theme zebrafish 970:978 arg1 embryogenesis 980:992 zebrafish embryogenesis 970:992 zebrafish embryogenesis 970:992 Chimeric analyses demonstrate that elevated Slc35c1 expression in receiving cells decreases the signaling range of Wnt8a during zebrafish embryogenesis. 25238963 8 15 theme slc35c1 1219:1225 arg1 expression 1227:1236 slc35c1 expression 1219:1236 slc35c1 expression 1219:1236 Strikingly, slc35c1 expression is regulated by canonical Wnt signaling. 25238963 2 16 theme molecular 274:282 arg1 mechanism 284:292 The molecular mechanism 270:292 The molecular mechanism 270:292 The molecular mechanism, however, by which fucosylation mediates these processes remains largely elusive. 25238963 6 17 from expression 894:903 arg1 cells 918:922 receiving cells 908:922 receiving cells 908:922 Chimeric analyses demonstrate that elevated Slc35c1 expression in receiving cells decreases the signaling range of Wnt8a during zebrafish embryogenesis. 25238963 7 18 link N-linked 1163:1170 arg1 fucosylation 1172:1183 N-linked fucosylation 1163:1183 N-linked fucosylation 1163:1183 Moreover, we provide biochemical evidence that this decrease is associated with reduced Wnt8 ligand and elevated Lrp6 coreceptor, which we show are both substrates for N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish embryos. 25238963 7 19 dep show 1134:1137 arg1 substrates 1148:1157 both substrates 1143:1157 both substrates for N-linked fucosylation 1143:1183 Moreover, we provide biochemical evidence that this decrease is associated with reduced Wnt8 ligand and elevated Lrp6 coreceptor, which we show are both substrates for N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish embryos. 25238963 9 20 theme terminal 1410:1417 arg1 fucosylation 1419:1430 terminal fucosylation 1410:1430 terminal fucosylation 1410:1430 These results suggest that Wnt limits its own signaling activity in part via up-regulation of a transporter, slc35c1 that promotes terminal fucosylation and thereby limits Wnt activity. 25238963 4 21 theme elevated 600:607 arg1 fucosylation 618:629 elevated N-linked fucosylation 600:629 elevated N-linked fucosylation 600:629 We show that Slc35c1 overexpression causes elevated N-linked fucosylation and disrupts embryonic patterning in a transporter activity dependent manner. 25238963 0 22 link N-linked 50:57 arg1 fucosylation 59:70 N-linked fucosylation 50:70 N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish 50:83 Negative feedback regulation of Wnt signaling via N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish. 25238963 4 23 theme dependent 691:699 arg1 manner 701:706 a transporter activity dependent manner 668:706 a transporter activity dependent manner 668:706 We show that Slc35c1 overexpression causes elevated N-linked fucosylation and disrupts embryonic patterning in a transporter activity dependent manner. 25238963 0 24 theme feedback 9:16 arg1 regulation 18:27 Negative feedback regulation 0:27 Negative feedback regulation of Wnt signaling via N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish. 0:84 Negative feedback regulation of Wnt signaling via N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish. 25238963 3 25 from changes 389:395 arg1 fucosylation 400:411 fucosylation 400:411 fucosylation 400:411 To study how changes in fucosylation impact embryonic development, we up-regulated N-linked fucosylation via over-expression of a key GDP-Fucose transporter, Slc35c1, in zebrafish. 25238963 7 26 theme N-linked 1163:1170 arg1 fucosylation 1172:1183 N-linked fucosylation 1163:1183 N-linked fucosylation 1163:1183 Moreover, we provide biochemical evidence that this decrease is associated with reduced Wnt8 ligand and elevated Lrp6 coreceptor, which we show are both substrates for N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish embryos. 25238963 5 27 theme diminished 806:815 arg1 signaling 831:839 diminished canonical Wnt signaling 806:839 diminished canonical Wnt signaling 806:839 We demonstrate that patterning defects associated with enhanced N-linked fucosylation are due to diminished canonical Wnt signaling. 25238963 4 28 theme activity 682:689 arg1 manner 701:706 a transporter activity dependent manner 668:706 a transporter activity dependent manner 668:706 We show that Slc35c1 overexpression causes elevated N-linked fucosylation and disrupts embryonic patterning in a transporter activity dependent manner. 25238963 0 29 theme Negative 0:7 arg1 regulation 18:27 Negative feedback regulation 0:27 Negative feedback regulation of Wnt signaling via N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish. 0:84 Negative feedback regulation of Wnt signaling via N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish. 25238963 6 30 theme Chimeric 842:849 arg1 analyses 851:858 Chimeric analyses 842:858 Chimeric analyses 842:858 Chimeric analyses demonstrate that elevated Slc35c1 expression in receiving cells decreases the signaling range of Wnt8a during zebrafish embryogenesis. 25238963 9 31 theme signaling 1325:1333 arg1 activity 1335:1342 its own signaling activity 1317:1342 its own signaling activity in part 1317:1350 These results suggest that Wnt limits its own signaling activity in part via up-regulation of a transporter, slc35c1 that promotes terminal fucosylation and thereby limits Wnt activity. 25238963 8 32 theme Wnt 1264:1266 arg1 signaling 1268:1276 canonical Wnt signaling 1254:1276 canonical Wnt signaling 1254:1276 Strikingly, slc35c1 expression is regulated by canonical Wnt signaling. 25238963 7 33 theme biochemical 1016:1026 arg1 evidence 1028:1035 biochemical evidence that this decrease is associated with reduced Wnt8 ligand and elevated Lrp6 coreceptor, which we show are both substrates for N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish embryos 1016:1204 biochemical evidence that this decrease is associated with reduced Wnt8 ligand and elevated Lrp6 coreceptor, which we show are both substrates for N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish embryos 1016:1204 Moreover, we provide biochemical evidence that this decrease is associated with reduced Wnt8 ligand and elevated Lrp6 coreceptor, which we show are both substrates for N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish embryos. 25238963 1 34 theme many 188:191 arg1 glycans 204:210 many functional glycans 188:210 many functional glycans that play central roles in numerous biological processes 188:267 L-fucose, a monosaccharide widely distributed in eukaryotes and certain bacteria, is a determinant of many functional glycans that play central roles in numerous biological processes. 25238963 9 35 theme own 1321:1323 arg1 activity 1335:1342 its own signaling activity 1317:1342 its own signaling activity in part 1317:1350 These results suggest that Wnt limits its own signaling activity in part via up-regulation of a transporter, slc35c1 that promotes terminal fucosylation and thereby limits Wnt activity. 25238963 1 36 theme functional 193:202 arg1 glycans 204:210 many functional glycans 188:210 many functional glycans that play central roles in numerous biological processes 188:267 L-fucose, a monosaccharide widely distributed in eukaryotes and certain bacteria, is a determinant of many functional glycans that play central roles in numerous biological processes. 25238963 0 37 theme signaling 36:44 arg1 regulation 18:27 Negative feedback regulation 0:27 Negative feedback regulation of Wnt signaling via N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish. 0:84 Negative feedback regulation of Wnt signaling via N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish. 25238963 4 38 theme Slc35c1 570:576 arg1 overexpression 578:591 Slc35c1 overexpression 570:591 Slc35c1 overexpression 570:591 We show that Slc35c1 overexpression causes elevated N-linked fucosylation and disrupts embryonic patterning in a transporter activity dependent manner. 25238963 5 39 theme enhanced 764:771 arg1 fucosylation 782:793 enhanced N-linked fucosylation 764:793 enhanced N-linked fucosylation 764:793 We demonstrate that patterning defects associated with enhanced N-linked fucosylation are due to diminished canonical Wnt signaling. 25238963 1 40 theme glycans 204:210 arg1 determinant 173:183 a determinant 171:183 a determinant of many functional glycans that play central roles in numerous biological processes 171:267 L-fucose, a monosaccharide widely distributed in eukaryotes and certain bacteria, is a determinant of many functional glycans that play central roles in numerous biological processes. 25238963 1 40 theme glycans 204:210 arg1 L-fucose 86:93 L-fucose 86:93 L-fucose 86:93 L-fucose, a monosaccharide widely distributed in eukaryotes and certain bacteria, is a determinant of many functional glycans that play central roles in numerous biological processes. 25238963 3 41 theme N-linked 459:466 arg1 fucosylation 468:479 N-linked fucosylation 459:479 N-linked fucosylation 459:479 To study how changes in fucosylation impact embryonic development, we up-regulated N-linked fucosylation via over-expression of a key GDP-Fucose transporter, Slc35c1, in zebrafish. 25238963 0 42 theme Wnt 32:34 arg1 signaling 36:44 Wnt signaling 32:44 Wnt signaling 32:44 Negative feedback regulation of Wnt signaling via N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish. 25238963 3 43 theme embryonic 420:428 arg1 development 430:440 embryonic development 420:440 embryonic development 420:440 To study how changes in fucosylation impact embryonic development, we up-regulated N-linked fucosylation via over-expression of a key GDP-Fucose transporter, Slc35c1, in zebrafish. 25238963 6 44 theme signaling 938:946 arg1 range 948:952 the signaling range 934:952 the signaling range of Wnt8a 934:961 Chimeric analyses demonstrate that elevated Slc35c1 expression in receiving cells decreases the signaling range of Wnt8a during zebrafish embryogenesis. 25238963 7 45 theme Lrp6 1108:1111 arg1 coreceptor 1113:1122 reduced Wnt8 ligand and elevated Lrp6 coreceptor 1075:1122 reduced Wnt8 ligand and elevated Lrp6 coreceptor 1075:1122 Moreover, we provide biochemical evidence that this decrease is associated with reduced Wnt8 ligand and elevated Lrp6 coreceptor, which we show are both substrates for N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish embryos. 25238963 4 46 theme transporter 670:680 arg1 manner 701:706 a transporter activity dependent manner 668:706 a transporter activity dependent manner 668:706 We show that Slc35c1 overexpression causes elevated N-linked fucosylation and disrupts embryonic patterning in a transporter activity dependent manner. 25238963 0 47 theme N-linked 50:57 arg1 fucosylation 59:70 N-linked fucosylation 50:70 N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish 50:83 Negative feedback regulation of Wnt signaling via N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish. 25238963 9 48 from activity 1335:1342 arg1 part 1347:1350 part 1347:1350 part 1347:1350 These results suggest that Wnt limits its own signaling activity in part via up-regulation of a transporter, slc35c1 that promotes terminal fucosylation and thereby limits Wnt activity. 25238963 0 49 from fucosylation 59:70 arg1 zebrafish 75:83 zebrafish 75:83 zebrafish 75:83 Negative feedback regulation of Wnt signaling via N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish. 25238963 3 50 theme key 506:508 arg1 Slc35c1 534:540 Slc35c1 534:540 Slc35c1 534:540 To study how changes in fucosylation impact embryonic development, we up-regulated N-linked fucosylation via over-expression of a key GDP-Fucose transporter, Slc35c1, in zebrafish. 25238963 3 50 theme key 506:508 arg1 transporter 521:531 a key GDP-Fucose transporter 504:531 a key GDP-Fucose transporter 504:531 To study how changes in fucosylation impact embryonic development, we up-regulated N-linked fucosylation via over-expression of a key GDP-Fucose transporter, Slc35c1, in zebrafish. 25238963 5 51 theme N-linked 773:780 arg1 fucosylation 782:793 enhanced N-linked fucosylation 764:793 enhanced N-linked fucosylation 764:793 We demonstrate that patterning defects associated with enhanced N-linked fucosylation are due to diminished canonical Wnt signaling. 25238963 7 52 theme zebrafish 1188:1196 arg1 embryos 1198:1204 zebrafish embryos 1188:1204 zebrafish embryos 1188:1204 Moreover, we provide biochemical evidence that this decrease is associated with reduced Wnt8 ligand and elevated Lrp6 coreceptor, which we show are both substrates for N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish embryos. 25238963 3 53 theme GDP-Fucose 510:519 arg1 Slc35c1 534:540 Slc35c1 534:540 Slc35c1 534:540 To study how changes in fucosylation impact embryonic development, we up-regulated N-linked fucosylation via over-expression of a key GDP-Fucose transporter, Slc35c1, in zebrafish. 25238963 3 53 theme GDP-Fucose 510:519 arg1 transporter 521:531 a key GDP-Fucose transporter 504:531 a key GDP-Fucose transporter 504:531 To study how changes in fucosylation impact embryonic development, we up-regulated N-linked fucosylation via over-expression of a key GDP-Fucose transporter, Slc35c1, in zebrafish. 25238963 5 54 theme patterning 729:738 arg1 defects 740:746 patterning defects 729:746 patterning defects associated with enhanced N-linked fucosylation 729:793 We demonstrate that patterning defects associated with enhanced N-linked fucosylation are due to diminished canonical Wnt signaling. 25238963 4 55 link N-linked 609:616 arg1 fucosylation 618:629 elevated N-linked fucosylation 600:629 elevated N-linked fucosylation 600:629 We show that Slc35c1 overexpression causes elevated N-linked fucosylation and disrupts embryonic patterning in a transporter activity dependent manner. 25238963 9 56 theme Wnt 1451:1453 arg1 activity 1455:1462 Wnt activity 1451:1462 Wnt activity 1451:1462 These results suggest that Wnt limits its own signaling activity in part via up-regulation of a transporter, slc35c1 that promotes terminal fucosylation and thereby limits Wnt activity. 25238963 3 57 from over-expression 485:499 arg1 zebrafish 546:554 zebrafish 546:554 zebrafish 546:554 To study how changes in fucosylation impact embryonic development, we up-regulated N-linked fucosylation via over-expression of a key GDP-Fucose transporter, Slc35c1, in zebrafish. 25238963 7 58 theme elevated 1099:1106 arg1 Lrp6 1108:1111 elevated Lrp6 1099:1111 elevated Lrp6 1099:1111 Moreover, we provide biochemical evidence that this decrease is associated with reduced Wnt8 ligand and elevated Lrp6 coreceptor, which we show are both substrates for N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish embryos. 25238963 6 59 theme receiving 908:916 arg1 cells 918:922 receiving cells 908:922 receiving cells 908:922 Chimeric analyses demonstrate that elevated Slc35c1 expression in receiving cells decreases the signaling range of Wnt8a during zebrafish embryogenesis. 25238963 7 60 theme Wnt8 1083:1086 arg1 ligand 1088:1093 Wnt8 ligand 1083:1093 Wnt8 ligand 1083:1093 Moreover, we provide biochemical evidence that this decrease is associated with reduced Wnt8 ligand and elevated Lrp6 coreceptor, which we show are both substrates for N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish embryos. 25238963 5 61 link N-linked 773:780 arg1 fucosylation 782:793 enhanced N-linked fucosylation 764:793 enhanced N-linked fucosylation 764:793 We demonstrate that patterning defects associated with enhanced N-linked fucosylation are due to diminished canonical Wnt signaling. 25238963 1 62 theme central 222:228 arg1 roles 230:234 central roles 222:234 central roles 222:234 L-fucose, a monosaccharide widely distributed in eukaryotes and certain bacteria, is a determinant of many functional glycans that play central roles in numerous biological processes. 25238963 4 63 from patterning 654:663 arg1 manner 701:706 a transporter activity dependent manner 668:706 a transporter activity dependent manner 668:706 We show that Slc35c1 overexpression causes elevated N-linked fucosylation and disrupts embryonic patterning in a transporter activity dependent manner. 25238963 7 64 theme ligand 1088:1093 arg1 coreceptor 1113:1122 reduced Wnt8 ligand and elevated Lrp6 coreceptor 1075:1122 reduced Wnt8 ligand and elevated Lrp6 coreceptor 1075:1122 Moreover, we provide biochemical evidence that this decrease is associated with reduced Wnt8 ligand and elevated Lrp6 coreceptor, which we show are both substrates for N-linked fucosylation in zebrafish embryos. 25238963 5 65 theme canonical 817:825 arg1 signaling 831:839 diminished canonical Wnt signaling 806:839 diminished canonical Wnt signaling 806:839 We demonstrate that patterning defects associated with enhanced N-linked fucosylation are due to diminished canonical Wnt signaling. 25238963 1 66 theme certain 150:156 arg1 bacteria 158:165 certain bacteria 150:165 certain bacteria 150:165 L-fucose, a monosaccharide widely distributed in eukaryotes and certain bacteria, is a determinant of many functional glycans that play central roles in numerous biological processes. 25238963 4 67 theme embryonic 644:652 arg1 patterning 654:663 embryonic patterning 644:663 embryonic patterning in a transporter activity dependent manner 644:706 We show that Slc35c1 overexpression causes elevated N-linked fucosylation and disrupts embryonic patterning in a transporter activity dependent manner. 25488668 7 0 theme HEK293T 1468:1474 arg1 cells 1476:1480 HEK293T cells 1468:1480 HEK293T cells exogenously expressing EOGT variants associated with AOS 1468:1537 As compared with wild-type EOGT, O-GlcNAcylation in the ER is nearly abolished in HEK293T cells exogenously expressing EOGT variants associated with AOS. 25488668 10 1 theme impaired 1897:1904 arg1 activity 1926:1933 impaired glycosyltransferase activity 1897:1933 impaired glycosyltransferase activity in mutant EOGT proteins 1897:1957 These results suggest that impaired glycosyltransferase activity in mutant EOGT proteins and the consequent defective O-GlcNAcylation in the ER constitute the molecular basis for AOS. 25488668 7 2 gly O-GlcNAcylation 1419:1433 arg1 cells 1476:1480 HEK293T cells 1468:1480 HEK293T cells exogenously expressing EOGT variants associated with AOS 1468:1537 As compared with wild-type EOGT, O-GlcNAcylation in the ER is nearly abolished in HEK293T cells exogenously expressing EOGT variants associated with AOS. 25488668 6 3 theme EGF 1240:1242 arg1 repeats 1244:1250 Notch1 EGF repeats 1233:1250 Notch1 EGF repeats 1233:1250 Despite the relatively low Km value for UDP-GlcNAc, EOGT-catalyzed GlcNAcylation depends on the hexosamine pathway, as revealed by the increased O-GlcNAcylation of Notch1 EGF repeats upon supplementation with hexosamine, suggesting differential regulation of the luminal UDP-GlcNAc concentration in the ER and Golgi. 25488668 3 4 theme enzymatic 569:577 arg1 properties 579:588 enzymatic properties 569:588 enzymatic properties of mouse EOGT and EOGT mutants associated with AOS 569:639 Here, we have characterized enzymatic properties of mouse EOGT and EOGT mutants associated with AOS. 25488668 1 5 theme reticulum 303:311 arg1 transferase 367:377 an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase 288:377 an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors 288:445 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 7 6 theme wild-type 1403:1411 arg1 EOGT 1413:1416 wild-type EOGT 1403:1416 wild-type EOGT 1403:1416 As compared with wild-type EOGT, O-GlcNAcylation in the ER is nearly abolished in HEK293T cells exogenously expressing EOGT variants associated with AOS. 25488668 4 7 theme EGF 686:688 arg1 repeats 690:696 Notch1 EGF repeats 679:696 Notch1 EGF repeats 679:696 Simultaneous expression of EOGT with Notch1 EGF repeats in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells led to immunoreactivity with the CTD110.6 antibody in the ER. 25488668 10 8 theme mutant 1938:1943 arg1 proteins 1950:1957 mutant EOGT proteins 1938:1957 mutant EOGT proteins 1938:1957 These results suggest that impaired glycosyltransferase activity in mutant EOGT proteins and the consequent defective O-GlcNAcylation in the ER constitute the molecular basis for AOS. 25488668 5 9 theme enzymatic 862:870 arg1 distinct 895:902 distinct 895:902 distinct 895:902 Consistent with the GlcNAc modification in the ER, the enzymatic properties of EOGT are distinct from those of Golgi-resident GlcNAc transferases; the pH optimum of EOGT ranges from 7.0 to 7.5, and the Km value for UDP N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) is 25 μm. 25488668 5 9 theme enzymatic 862:870 arg1 properties 872:881 the enzymatic properties 858:881 the enzymatic properties of EOGT 858:889 Consistent with the GlcNAc modification in the ER, the enzymatic properties of EOGT are distinct from those of Golgi-resident GlcNAc transferases; the pH optimum of EOGT ranges from 7.0 to 7.5, and the Km value for UDP N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) is 25 μm. 25488668 10 10 theme defective 1978:1986 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1988:2002 the consequent defective O-GlcNAcylation 1963:2002 the consequent defective O-GlcNAcylation in the ER 1963:2012 These results suggest that impaired glycosyltransferase activity in mutant EOGT proteins and the consequent defective O-GlcNAcylation in the ER constitute the molecular basis for AOS. 25488668 6 11 theme increased 1204:1212 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1214:1228 the increased O-GlcNAcylation 1200:1228 the increased O-GlcNAcylation of Notch1 EGF repeats upon supplementation with hexosamine 1200:1287 Despite the relatively low Km value for UDP-GlcNAc, EOGT-catalyzed GlcNAcylation depends on the hexosamine pathway, as revealed by the increased O-GlcNAcylation of Notch1 EGF repeats upon supplementation with hexosamine, suggesting differential regulation of the luminal UDP-GlcNAc concentration in the ER and Golgi. 25488668 3 12 theme EOGT 599:602 arg1 properties 579:588 enzymatic properties 569:588 enzymatic properties of mouse EOGT and EOGT mutants associated with AOS 569:639 Here, we have characterized enzymatic properties of mouse EOGT and EOGT mutants associated with AOS. 25488668 10 13 from activity 1926:1933 arg1 proteins 1950:1957 mutant EOGT proteins 1938:1957 mutant EOGT proteins 1938:1957 These results suggest that impaired glycosyltransferase activity in mutant EOGT proteins and the consequent defective O-GlcNAcylation in the ER constitute the molecular basis for AOS. 25488668 10 13 from activity 1926:1933 arg1 ER 2011:2012 the ER 2007:2012 the ER 2007:2012 These results suggest that impaired glycosyltransferase activity in mutant EOGT proteins and the consequent defective O-GlcNAcylation in the ER constitute the molecular basis for AOS. 25488668 0 14 theme O-linked 130:137 arg1 transferase 159:169 mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 76:169 mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 76:169 Impaired O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation in the endoplasmic reticulum by mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase found in Adams-Oliver syndrome. 25488668 6 15 theme differential 1301:1312 arg1 regulation 1314:1323 differential regulation 1301:1323 differential regulation of the luminal UDP-GlcNAc concentration in the ER and Golgi 1301:1383 Despite the relatively low Km value for UDP-GlcNAc, EOGT-catalyzed GlcNAcylation depends on the hexosamine pathway, as revealed by the increased O-GlcNAcylation of Notch1 EGF repeats upon supplementation with hexosamine, suggesting differential regulation of the luminal UDP-GlcNAc concentration in the ER and Golgi. 25488668 1 16 theme Notch 431:435 arg1 receptors 437:445 Notch receptors 431:445 Notch receptors 431:445 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 1 17 theme O-linked 249:256 arg1 EOGT 279:282 EOGT 279:282 EOGT 279:282 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 1 17 theme O-linked 249:256 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 258:276 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 203:276 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) 203:283 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 4 18 theme HEK293T 730:736 arg1 cells 739:743 human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells 701:743 human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells 701:743 Simultaneous expression of EOGT with Notch1 EGF repeats in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells led to immunoreactivity with the CTD110.6 antibody in the ER. 25488668 3 19 theme EOGT 608:611 arg1 mutants 613:619 mouse EOGT and EOGT mutants 593:619 mutants 613:619 Here, we have characterized enzymatic properties of mouse EOGT and EOGT mutants associated with AOS. 25488668 5 20 theme UDP 1022:1024 arg1 UDP-GlcNAc 1047:1056 UDP-GlcNAc 1047:1056 UDP-GlcNAc 1047:1056 Consistent with the GlcNAc modification in the ER, the enzymatic properties of EOGT are distinct from those of Golgi-resident GlcNAc transferases; the pH optimum of EOGT ranges from 7.0 to 7.5, and the Km value for UDP N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) is 25 μm. 25488668 5 20 theme UDP 1022:1024 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 1026:1044 UDP N-acetylglucosamine 1022:1044 UDP N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) 1022:1057 Consistent with the GlcNAc modification in the ER, the enzymatic properties of EOGT are distinct from those of Golgi-resident GlcNAc transferases; the pH optimum of EOGT ranges from 7.0 to 7.5, and the Km value for UDP N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) is 25 μm. 25488668 5 21 theme GlcNAc 933:938 arg1 transferases 940:951 Golgi-resident GlcNAc transferases 918:951 Golgi-resident GlcNAc transferases 918:951 Consistent with the GlcNAc modification in the ER, the enzymatic properties of EOGT are distinct from those of Golgi-resident GlcNAc transferases; the pH optimum of EOGT ranges from 7.0 to 7.5, and the Km value for UDP N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) is 25 μm. 25488668 6 22 theme hexosamine 1165:1174 arg1 pathway 1176:1182 the hexosamine pathway 1161:1182 the hexosamine pathway 1161:1182 Despite the relatively low Km value for UDP-GlcNAc, EOGT-catalyzed GlcNAcylation depends on the hexosamine pathway, as revealed by the increased O-GlcNAcylation of Notch1 EGF repeats upon supplementation with hexosamine, suggesting differential regulation of the luminal UDP-GlcNAc concentration in the ER and Golgi. 25488668 4 23 theme embryonic 707:715 arg1 kidney 717:722 human embryonic kidney 293T 701:727 human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells 701:743 Simultaneous expression of EOGT with Notch1 EGF repeats in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells led to immunoreactivity with the CTD110.6 antibody in the ER. 25488668 0 24 theme mutated 76:82 arg1 transferase 159:169 mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 76:169 mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 76:169 Impaired O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation in the endoplasmic reticulum by mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase found in Adams-Oliver syndrome. 25488668 0 25 from N-acetylglucosaminylation 18:42 arg1 reticulum 63:71 the endoplasmic reticulum 47:71 the endoplasmic reticulum 47:71 Impaired O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation in the endoplasmic reticulum by mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase found in Adams-Oliver syndrome. 25488668 0 26 theme growth 94:99 arg1 EGF 109:111 EGF 109:111 EGF 109:111 Impaired O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation in the endoplasmic reticulum by mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase found in Adams-Oliver syndrome. 25488668 0 26 theme growth 94:99 arg1 factor 101:106 epidermal growth factor 84:106 mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 76:169 Impaired O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation in the endoplasmic reticulum by mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase found in Adams-Oliver syndrome. 25488668 6 27 theme concentration 1351:1363 arg1 regulation 1314:1323 differential regulation 1301:1323 differential regulation of the luminal UDP-GlcNAc concentration in the ER and Golgi 1301:1383 Despite the relatively low Km value for UDP-GlcNAc, EOGT-catalyzed GlcNAcylation depends on the hexosamine pathway, as revealed by the increased O-GlcNAcylation of Notch1 EGF repeats upon supplementation with hexosamine, suggesting differential regulation of the luminal UDP-GlcNAc concentration in the ER and Golgi. 25488668 6 28 theme luminal 1332:1338 arg1 concentration 1351:1363 the luminal UDP-GlcNAc concentration 1328:1363 the luminal UDP-GlcNAc concentration 1328:1363 Despite the relatively low Km value for UDP-GlcNAc, EOGT-catalyzed GlcNAcylation depends on the hexosamine pathway, as revealed by the increased O-GlcNAcylation of Notch1 EGF repeats upon supplementation with hexosamine, suggesting differential regulation of the luminal UDP-GlcNAc concentration in the ER and Golgi. 25488668 1 29 theme domain-containing 396:412 arg1 receptors 437:445 Notch receptors 431:445 Notch receptors 431:445 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 1 29 theme domain-containing 396:412 arg1 proteins 414:421 EGF domain-containing proteins 392:421 EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors 392:445 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 10 30 from O-GlcNAcylation 1988:2002 arg1 proteins 1950:1957 mutant EOGT proteins 1938:1957 mutant EOGT proteins 1938:1957 These results suggest that impaired glycosyltransferase activity in mutant EOGT proteins and the consequent defective O-GlcNAcylation in the ER constitute the molecular basis for AOS. 25488668 10 30 from O-GlcNAcylation 1988:2002 arg1 ER 2011:2012 the ER 2007:2012 the ER 2007:2012 These results suggest that impaired glycosyltransferase activity in mutant EOGT proteins and the consequent defective O-GlcNAcylation in the ER constitute the molecular basis for AOS. 25488668 0 31 theme Impaired 0:7 arg1 N-acetylglucosaminylation 18:42 Impaired O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation 0:42 Impaired O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation in the endoplasmic reticulum by mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:169 Impaired O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation in the endoplasmic reticulum by mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase found in Adams-Oliver syndrome. 25488668 6 32 from regulation 1314:1323 arg1 ER 1372:1373 ER 1372:1373 ER 1372:1373 Despite the relatively low Km value for UDP-GlcNAc, EOGT-catalyzed GlcNAcylation depends on the hexosamine pathway, as revealed by the increased O-GlcNAcylation of Notch1 EGF repeats upon supplementation with hexosamine, suggesting differential regulation of the luminal UDP-GlcNAc concentration in the ER and Golgi. 25488668 6 32 from regulation 1314:1323 arg1 Golgi 1379:1383 Golgi 1379:1383 Golgi 1379:1383 Despite the relatively low Km value for UDP-GlcNAc, EOGT-catalyzed GlcNAcylation depends on the hexosamine pathway, as revealed by the increased O-GlcNAcylation of Notch1 EGF repeats upon supplementation with hexosamine, suggesting differential regulation of the luminal UDP-GlcNAc concentration in the ER and Golgi. 25488668 5 33 from those 909:913 arg1 distinct 895:902 distinct 895:902 distinct 895:902 Consistent with the GlcNAc modification in the ER, the enzymatic properties of EOGT are distinct from those of Golgi-resident GlcNAc transferases; the pH optimum of EOGT ranges from 7.0 to 7.5, and the Km value for UDP N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) is 25 μm. 25488668 5 33 from those 909:913 arg1 properties 872:881 the enzymatic properties 858:881 the enzymatic properties of EOGT 858:889 Consistent with the GlcNAc modification in the ER, the enzymatic properties of EOGT are distinct from those of Golgi-resident GlcNAc transferases; the pH optimum of EOGT ranges from 7.0 to 7.5, and the Km value for UDP N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) is 25 μm. 25488668 5 34 theme pH 958:959 arg1 optimum 961:967 the pH optimum 954:967 the pH optimum of EOGT 954:975 Consistent with the GlcNAc modification in the ER, the enzymatic properties of EOGT are distinct from those of Golgi-resident GlcNAc transferases; the pH optimum of EOGT ranges from 7.0 to 7.5, and the Km value for UDP N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) is 25 μm. 25488668 1 35 theme O-linked 327:334 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 336:354 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 327:354 an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors 288:445 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 1 35 theme O-linked 327:334 arg1 O-GlcNAc 357:364 O-GlcNAc 357:364 O-GlcNAc 357:364 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 8 36 theme W207S 1560:1564 arg1 mutation 1566:1573 the W207S mutation 1556:1573 the W207S mutation 1556:1573 Introduction of the W207S mutation resulted in degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, although the stability and ER localization of EOGT(R377Q) were not affected. 25488668 5 37 theme Km 1009:1010 arg1 value 1012:1016 the Km value 1005:1016 the Km value for UDP N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) 1005:1057 Consistent with the GlcNAc modification in the ER, the enzymatic properties of EOGT are distinct from those of Golgi-resident GlcNAc transferases; the pH optimum of EOGT ranges from 7.0 to 7.5, and the Km value for UDP N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) is 25 μm. 25488668 5 37 theme Km 1009:1010 arg1 μm 1065:1066 25 μm 1062:1066 25 μm 1062:1066 Consistent with the GlcNAc modification in the ER, the enzymatic properties of EOGT are distinct from those of Golgi-resident GlcNAc transferases; the pH optimum of EOGT ranges from 7.0 to 7.5, and the Km value for UDP N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) is 25 μm. 25488668 6 38 theme low 1092:1094 arg1 value 1099:1103 the relatively low Km value 1077:1103 the relatively low Km value for UDP-GlcNAc 1077:1118 Despite the relatively low Km value for UDP-GlcNAc, EOGT-catalyzed GlcNAcylation depends on the hexosamine pathway, as revealed by the increased O-GlcNAcylation of Notch1 EGF repeats upon supplementation with hexosamine, suggesting differential regulation of the luminal UDP-GlcNAc concentration in the ER and Golgi. 25488668 4 39 with EOGT 669:672 arg1 repeats 690:696 Notch1 EGF repeats 679:696 Notch1 EGF repeats 679:696 Simultaneous expression of EOGT with Notch1 EGF repeats in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells led to immunoreactivity with the CTD110.6 antibody in the ER. 25488668 9 40 theme substrate 1847:1855 arg1 interaction 1857:1867 the acceptor substrate interaction 1834:1867 the acceptor substrate interaction 1834:1867 Importantly, the interaction between UDP-GlcNAc and EOGT(R377Q) was impaired without adversely affecting the acceptor substrate interaction. 25488668 1 41 theme growth 213:218 arg1 factor 220:225 Epidermal growth factor 203:225 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) 203:283 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 1 41 theme growth 213:218 arg1 EGF 228:230 EGF 228:230 EGF 228:230 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 2 42 from mutations 458:466 arg1 EOGT 471:474 EOGT 471:474 EOGT 471:474 Recently, mutations in EOGT have been reported in patients with Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS). 25488668 10 43 theme glycosyltransferase 1906:1924 arg1 activity 1926:1933 impaired glycosyltransferase activity 1897:1933 impaired glycosyltransferase activity in mutant EOGT proteins 1897:1957 These results suggest that impaired glycosyltransferase activity in mutant EOGT proteins and the consequent defective O-GlcNAcylation in the ER constitute the molecular basis for AOS. 25488668 6 44 theme repeats 1244:1250 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1214:1228 the increased O-GlcNAcylation 1200:1228 the increased O-GlcNAcylation of Notch1 EGF repeats upon supplementation with hexosamine 1200:1287 Despite the relatively low Km value for UDP-GlcNAc, EOGT-catalyzed GlcNAcylation depends on the hexosamine pathway, as revealed by the increased O-GlcNAcylation of Notch1 EGF repeats upon supplementation with hexosamine, suggesting differential regulation of the luminal UDP-GlcNAc concentration in the ER and Golgi. 25488668 1 45 theme endoplasmic 291:301 arg1 ER 314:315 ER 314:315 ER 314:315 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 1 45 theme endoplasmic 291:301 arg1 reticulum 303:311 an endoplasmic reticulum 288:311 an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors 288:445 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 0 46 link O-linked 9:16 arg1 N-acetylglucosaminylation 18:42 Impaired O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation 0:42 Impaired O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation in the endoplasmic reticulum by mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:169 Impaired O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation in the endoplasmic reticulum by mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase found in Adams-Oliver syndrome. 25488668 5 47 with Consistent 807:816 arg1 modification 834:845 the GlcNAc modification 823:845 the GlcNAc modification in the ER 823:855 Consistent with the GlcNAc modification in the ER, the enzymatic properties of EOGT are distinct from those of Golgi-resident GlcNAc transferases; the pH optimum of EOGT ranges from 7.0 to 7.5, and the Km value for UDP N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) is 25 μm. 25488668 8 48 theme ubiquitin-proteasome 1622:1641 arg1 pathway 1643:1649 the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway 1618:1649 the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway 1618:1649 Introduction of the W207S mutation resulted in degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, although the stability and ER localization of EOGT(R377Q) were not affected. 25488668 10 49 theme EOGT 1945:1948 arg1 proteins 1950:1957 mutant EOGT proteins 1938:1957 mutant EOGT proteins 1938:1957 These results suggest that impaired glycosyltransferase activity in mutant EOGT proteins and the consequent defective O-GlcNAcylation in the ER constitute the molecular basis for AOS. 25488668 6 50 theme Notch1 1233:1238 arg1 repeats 1244:1250 Notch1 EGF repeats 1233:1250 Notch1 EGF repeats 1233:1250 Despite the relatively low Km value for UDP-GlcNAc, EOGT-catalyzed GlcNAcylation depends on the hexosamine pathway, as revealed by the increased O-GlcNAcylation of Notch1 EGF repeats upon supplementation with hexosamine, suggesting differential regulation of the luminal UDP-GlcNAc concentration in the ER and Golgi. 25488668 8 51 theme EOGT 1698:1701 arg1 stability 1665:1673 stability 1665:1673 stability 1665:1673 Introduction of the W207S mutation resulted in degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, although the stability and ER localization of EOGT(R377Q) were not affected. 25488668 8 51 theme EOGT 1698:1701 arg1 localization 1682:1693 ER localization 1679:1693 ER localization 1679:1693 Introduction of the W207S mutation resulted in degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, although the stability and ER localization of EOGT(R377Q) were not affected. 25488668 1 52 theme Epidermal 203:211 arg1 factor 220:225 Epidermal growth factor 203:225 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) 203:283 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 1 52 theme Epidermal 203:211 arg1 EGF 228:230 EGF 228:230 EGF 228:230 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 6 53 theme EOGT-catalyzed 1121:1134 arg1 GlcNAcylation 1136:1148 EOGT-catalyzed GlcNAcylation 1121:1148 EOGT-catalyzed GlcNAcylation 1121:1148 Despite the relatively low Km value for UDP-GlcNAc, EOGT-catalyzed GlcNAcylation depends on the hexosamine pathway, as revealed by the increased O-GlcNAcylation of Notch1 EGF repeats upon supplementation with hexosamine, suggesting differential regulation of the luminal UDP-GlcNAc concentration in the ER and Golgi. 25488668 4 54 theme Notch1 679:684 arg1 repeats 690:696 Notch1 EGF repeats 679:696 Notch1 EGF repeats 679:696 Simultaneous expression of EOGT with Notch1 EGF repeats in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells led to immunoreactivity with the CTD110.6 antibody in the ER. 25488668 3 55 theme mouse 593:597 arg1 EOGT 599:602 mouse EOGT and EOGT mutants 593:619 EOGT 599:602 Here, we have characterized enzymatic properties of mouse EOGT and EOGT mutants associated with AOS. 25488668 1 56 theme factor 220:225 arg1 EOGT 279:282 EOGT 279:282 EOGT 279:282 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 1 56 theme factor 220:225 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 258:276 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 203:276 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) 203:283 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 10 57 theme consequent 1967:1976 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1988:2002 the consequent defective O-GlcNAcylation 1963:2002 the consequent defective O-GlcNAcylation in the ER 1963:2012 These results suggest that impaired glycosyltransferase activity in mutant EOGT proteins and the consequent defective O-GlcNAcylation in the ER constitute the molecular basis for AOS. 25488668 0 58 theme N-acetylglucosamine 139:157 arg1 transferase 159:169 mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 76:169 mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 76:169 Impaired O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation in the endoplasmic reticulum by mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase found in Adams-Oliver syndrome. 25488668 5 59 dep 7.5 996:998 arg1 to 993:994 to 993:994 to 993:994 Consistent with the GlcNAc modification in the ER, the enzymatic properties of EOGT are distinct from those of Golgi-resident GlcNAc transferases; the pH optimum of EOGT ranges from 7.0 to 7.5, and the Km value for UDP N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) is 25 μm. 25488668 3 60 theme mutants 613:619 arg1 properties 579:588 enzymatic properties 569:588 enzymatic properties of mouse EOGT and EOGT mutants associated with AOS 569:639 Here, we have characterized enzymatic properties of mouse EOGT and EOGT mutants associated with AOS. 25488668 4 61 from expression 655:664 arg1 cells 739:743 human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells 701:743 human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells 701:743 Simultaneous expression of EOGT with Notch1 EGF repeats in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells led to immunoreactivity with the CTD110.6 antibody in the ER. 25488668 1 62 theme domain-specific 233:247 arg1 EOGT 279:282 EOGT 279:282 EOGT 279:282 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 1 62 theme domain-specific 233:247 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 258:276 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 203:276 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) 203:283 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 4 63 theme EOGT 669:672 arg1 expression 655:664 Simultaneous expression 642:664 Simultaneous expression of EOGT with Notch1 EGF repeats in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells 642:743 Simultaneous expression of EOGT with Notch1 EGF repeats in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells led to immunoreactivity with the CTD110.6 antibody in the ER. 25488668 4 64 with immunoreactivity 752:767 arg1 antibody 787:794 the CTD110.6 antibody 774:794 the CTD110.6 antibody 774:794 Simultaneous expression of EOGT with Notch1 EGF repeats in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells led to immunoreactivity with the CTD110.6 antibody in the ER. 25488668 0 65 theme Adams-Oliver 180:191 arg1 syndrome 193:200 Adams-Oliver syndrome 180:200 Adams-Oliver syndrome 180:200 Impaired O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation in the endoplasmic reticulum by mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase found in Adams-Oliver syndrome. 25488668 5 66 theme Golgi-resident 918:931 arg1 transferases 940:951 Golgi-resident GlcNAc transferases 918:951 Golgi-resident GlcNAc transferases 918:951 Consistent with the GlcNAc modification in the ER, the enzymatic properties of EOGT are distinct from those of Golgi-resident GlcNAc transferases; the pH optimum of EOGT ranges from 7.0 to 7.5, and the Km value for UDP N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) is 25 μm. 25488668 8 67 dep stability 1665:1673 arg1 the 1661:1663 the 1661:1663 the 1661:1663 Introduction of the W207S mutation resulted in degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, although the stability and ER localization of EOGT(R377Q) were not affected. 25488668 10 68 theme molecular 2029:2037 arg1 basis 2039:2043 the molecular basis 2025:2043 the molecular basis for AOS 2025:2051 These results suggest that impaired glycosyltransferase activity in mutant EOGT proteins and the consequent defective O-GlcNAcylation in the ER constitute the molecular basis for AOS. 25488668 0 69 theme epidermal 84:92 arg1 EGF 109:111 EGF 109:111 EGF 109:111 Impaired O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation in the endoplasmic reticulum by mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase found in Adams-Oliver syndrome. 25488668 0 69 theme epidermal 84:92 arg1 factor 101:106 epidermal growth factor 84:106 mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 76:169 Impaired O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation in the endoplasmic reticulum by mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase found in Adams-Oliver syndrome. 25488668 5 70 theme EOGT 886:889 arg1 distinct 895:902 distinct 895:902 distinct 895:902 Consistent with the GlcNAc modification in the ER, the enzymatic properties of EOGT are distinct from those of Golgi-resident GlcNAc transferases; the pH optimum of EOGT ranges from 7.0 to 7.5, and the Km value for UDP N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) is 25 μm. 25488668 5 70 theme EOGT 886:889 arg1 properties 872:881 the enzymatic properties 858:881 the enzymatic properties of EOGT 858:889 Consistent with the GlcNAc modification in the ER, the enzymatic properties of EOGT are distinct from those of Golgi-resident GlcNAc transferases; the pH optimum of EOGT ranges from 7.0 to 7.5, and the Km value for UDP N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) is 25 μm. 25488668 4 71 theme human 701:705 arg1 kidney 717:722 human embryonic kidney 293T 701:727 human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells 701:743 Simultaneous expression of EOGT with Notch1 EGF repeats in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells led to immunoreactivity with the CTD110.6 antibody in the ER. 25488668 0 72 theme factor 101:106 arg1 transferase 159:169 mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 76:169 mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 76:169 Impaired O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation in the endoplasmic reticulum by mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase found in Adams-Oliver syndrome. 25488668 2 73 with patients 498:505 arg1 AOS 535:537 AOS 535:537 AOS 535:537 Recently, mutations in EOGT have been reported in patients with Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS). 25488668 2 73 with patients 498:505 arg1 syndrome 525:532 Adams-Oliver syndrome 512:532 Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS) 512:538 Recently, mutations in EOGT have been reported in patients with Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS). 25488668 2 74 theme Adams-Oliver 512:523 arg1 AOS 535:537 AOS 535:537 AOS 535:537 Recently, mutations in EOGT have been reported in patients with Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS). 25488668 2 74 theme Adams-Oliver 512:523 arg1 syndrome 525:532 Adams-Oliver syndrome 512:532 Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS) 512:538 Recently, mutations in EOGT have been reported in patients with Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS). 25488668 1 75 link O-linked 249:256 arg1 EOGT 279:282 EOGT 279:282 EOGT 279:282 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 1 75 link O-linked 249:256 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 258:276 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 203:276 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) 203:283 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 4 76 theme kidney 717:722 arg1 cells 739:743 human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells 701:743 human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells 701:743 Simultaneous expression of EOGT with Notch1 EGF repeats in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells led to immunoreactivity with the CTD110.6 antibody in the ER. 25488668 7 77 from O-GlcNAcylation 1419:1433 arg1 ER 1442:1443 the ER 1438:1443 the ER 1438:1443 As compared with wild-type EOGT, O-GlcNAcylation in the ER is nearly abolished in HEK293T cells exogenously expressing EOGT variants associated with AOS. 25488668 6 78 theme UDP-GlcNAc 1340:1349 arg1 concentration 1351:1363 the luminal UDP-GlcNAc concentration 1328:1363 the luminal UDP-GlcNAc concentration 1328:1363 Despite the relatively low Km value for UDP-GlcNAc, EOGT-catalyzed GlcNAcylation depends on the hexosamine pathway, as revealed by the increased O-GlcNAcylation of Notch1 EGF repeats upon supplementation with hexosamine, suggesting differential regulation of the luminal UDP-GlcNAc concentration in the ER and Golgi. 25488668 1 79 theme EGF 392:394 arg1 receptors 437:445 Notch receptors 431:445 Notch receptors 431:445 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 1 79 theme EGF 392:394 arg1 proteins 414:421 EGF domain-containing proteins 392:421 EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors 392:445 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 6 80 dep ER 1372:1373 arg1 the 1368:1370 the 1368:1370 the 1368:1370 Despite the relatively low Km value for UDP-GlcNAc, EOGT-catalyzed GlcNAcylation depends on the hexosamine pathway, as revealed by the increased O-GlcNAcylation of Notch1 EGF repeats upon supplementation with hexosamine, suggesting differential regulation of the luminal UDP-GlcNAc concentration in the ER and Golgi. 25488668 5 81 theme EOGT 972:975 arg1 optimum 961:967 the pH optimum 954:967 the pH optimum of EOGT 954:975 Consistent with the GlcNAc modification in the ER, the enzymatic properties of EOGT are distinct from those of Golgi-resident GlcNAc transferases; the pH optimum of EOGT ranges from 7.0 to 7.5, and the Km value for UDP N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) is 25 μm. 25488668 0 82 theme domain-specific 114:128 arg1 transferase 159:169 mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 76:169 mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 76:169 Impaired O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation in the endoplasmic reticulum by mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase found in Adams-Oliver syndrome. 25488668 0 83 theme O-linked 9:16 arg1 N-acetylglucosaminylation 18:42 Impaired O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation 0:42 Impaired O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation in the endoplasmic reticulum by mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:169 Impaired O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation in the endoplasmic reticulum by mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase found in Adams-Oliver syndrome. 25488668 4 84 from immunoreactivity 752:767 arg1 ER 803:804 the ER 799:804 the ER 799:804 Simultaneous expression of EOGT with Notch1 EGF repeats in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells led to immunoreactivity with the CTD110.6 antibody in the ER. 25488668 0 85 link O-linked 130:137 arg1 transferase 159:169 mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 76:169 mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 76:169 Impaired O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation in the endoplasmic reticulum by mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase found in Adams-Oliver syndrome. 25488668 5 86 theme GlcNAc 827:832 arg1 modification 834:845 the GlcNAc modification 823:845 the GlcNAc modification in the ER 823:855 Consistent with the GlcNAc modification in the ER, the enzymatic properties of EOGT are distinct from those of Golgi-resident GlcNAc transferases; the pH optimum of EOGT ranges from 7.0 to 7.5, and the Km value for UDP N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) is 25 μm. 25488668 0 87 theme endoplasmic 51:61 arg1 reticulum 63:71 the endoplasmic reticulum 47:71 the endoplasmic reticulum 47:71 Impaired O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation in the endoplasmic reticulum by mutated epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase found in Adams-Oliver syndrome. 25488668 1 88 theme -resident 317:325 arg1 transferase 367:377 an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase 288:377 an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors 288:445 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 5 89 from modification 834:845 arg1 ER 854:855 the ER 850:855 the ER 850:855 Consistent with the GlcNAc modification in the ER, the enzymatic properties of EOGT are distinct from those of Golgi-resident GlcNAc transferases; the pH optimum of EOGT ranges from 7.0 to 7.5, and the Km value for UDP N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) is 25 μm. 25488668 8 90 theme mutation 1566:1573 arg1 Introduction 1540:1551 Introduction 1540:1551 Introduction of the W207S mutation 1540:1573 Introduction of the W207S mutation resulted in degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, although the stability and ER localization of EOGT(R377Q) were not affected. 25488668 4 91 theme Simultaneous 642:653 arg1 expression 655:664 Simultaneous expression 642:664 Simultaneous expression of EOGT with Notch1 EGF repeats in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells 642:743 Simultaneous expression of EOGT with Notch1 EGF repeats in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells led to immunoreactivity with the CTD110.6 antibody in the ER. 25488668 1 92 theme N-acetylglucosamine 336:354 arg1 transferase 367:377 an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase 288:377 an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors 288:445 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 6 93 theme Km 1096:1097 arg1 value 1099:1103 the relatively low Km value 1077:1103 the relatively low Km value for UDP-GlcNAc 1077:1118 Despite the relatively low Km value for UDP-GlcNAc, EOGT-catalyzed GlcNAcylation depends on the hexosamine pathway, as revealed by the increased O-GlcNAcylation of Notch1 EGF repeats upon supplementation with hexosamine, suggesting differential regulation of the luminal UDP-GlcNAc concentration in the ER and Golgi. 25488668 1 94 link O-linked 327:334 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 336:354 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 327:354 an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors 288:445 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 1 94 link O-linked 327:334 arg1 O-GlcNAc 357:364 O-GlcNAc 357:364 O-GlcNAc 357:364 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase that acts on EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. 25488668 7 95 theme EOGT 1505:1508 arg1 variants 1510:1517 EOGT variants 1505:1517 EOGT variants associated with AOS 1505:1537 As compared with wild-type EOGT, O-GlcNAcylation in the ER is nearly abolished in HEK293T cells exogenously expressing EOGT variants associated with AOS. 25488668 9 96 theme acceptor 1838:1845 arg1 interaction 1857:1867 the acceptor substrate interaction 1834:1867 the acceptor substrate interaction 1834:1867 Importantly, the interaction between UDP-GlcNAc and EOGT(R377Q) was impaired without adversely affecting the acceptor substrate interaction. 25488668 6 97 with supplementation 1257:1271 arg1 hexosamine 1278:1287 hexosamine 1278:1287 hexosamine 1278:1287 Despite the relatively low Km value for UDP-GlcNAc, EOGT-catalyzed GlcNAcylation depends on the hexosamine pathway, as revealed by the increased O-GlcNAcylation of Notch1 EGF repeats upon supplementation with hexosamine, suggesting differential regulation of the luminal UDP-GlcNAc concentration in the ER and Golgi. 25488668 8 98 theme protein 1606:1612 arg1 degradation 1587:1597 degradation 1587:1597 degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway 1587:1649 Introduction of the W207S mutation resulted in degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, although the stability and ER localization of EOGT(R377Q) were not affected. 25488668 8 99 theme ER 1679:1680 arg1 localization 1682:1693 ER localization 1679:1693 ER localization 1679:1693 Introduction of the W207S mutation resulted in degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, although the stability and ER localization of EOGT(R377Q) were not affected. 27390353 5 0 theme secreted 758:765 arg1 exudates 767:774 the secreted exudates 754:774 the secreted exudates 754:774 The monosaccharide composition of the secreted exudates was determined by gas chromatography of trimethylsilyl methylglycoside derivatives. 27390353 8 1 theme arabinogalactan 1302:1316 arg1 proteins 1318:1325 arabinogalactan proteins 1302:1325 arabinogalactan proteins 1302:1325 Treatment of the root with an elicitor derived from Pectobacterium atrosepticum, a soil-borne pathogen of potato, altered the composition of the exudates and arabinogalactan proteins. 27390353 4 2 theme observation 675:685 arg1 microscopy 708:717 observation using laser confocal microscopy 675:717 observation using laser confocal microscopy 675:717 Methods In the present study we characterized root border cells using histochemical staining, immunofluorescence labelling of cell wall polysaccharides epitopes and observation using laser confocal microscopy. 27390353 10 3 theme exudates 1596:1603 arg1 polymers 1572:1579 galactose-containing polymers 1551:1579 galactose-containing polymers of potato root exudates 1551:1603 Conclusions Taken together, these findings indicate that galactose-containing polymers of potato root exudates play a central role in root-microbe interactions. 27390353 5 4 theme exudates 767:774 arg1 composition 739:749 The monosaccharide composition 720:749 The monosaccharide composition of the secreted exudates 720:774 The monosaccharide composition of the secreted exudates was determined by gas chromatography of trimethylsilyl methylglycoside derivatives. 27390353 9 5 dep inhibition 1462:1471 arg1 i.e. 1457:1460 i.e. 1457:1460 i.e. 1457:1460 We found that the growth of the bacterium in vitro was differentially affected by exudates from elicited and non-elicited roots (i.e. inhibition versus stimulation). 27390353 7 6 from molecules 1078:1086 arg1 enriched 1045:1052 enriched 1045:1052 enriched 1045:1052 Key Results Root exudate from S. tuberosum was highly enriched in galactose-containing molecules including arabinogalactan proteins as major components. 27390353 4 7 theme present 525:531 arg1 study 533:537 the present study 521:537 the present study 521:537 Methods In the present study we characterized root border cells using histochemical staining, immunofluorescence labelling of cell wall polysaccharides epitopes and observation using laser confocal microscopy. 27390353 6 8 theme bacterial 930:938 arg1 growth 940:945 bacterial growth 930:945 bacterial growth 930:945 The effects of root exudates and secreted arabinogalactan proteins on bacterial growth were investigated using in vitro bioassays. 27390353 7 9 theme Root 1003:1006 arg1 exudate 1008:1014 Root exudate 1003:1014 Root exudate 1003:1014 Key Results Root exudate from S. tuberosum was highly enriched in galactose-containing molecules including arabinogalactan proteins as major components. 27390353 8 10 attach derived 1183:1189 arg2 elicitor 1174:1181 an elicitor 1171:1181 an elicitor derived from Pectobacterium atrosepticum, a soil-borne pathogen of potato, 1171:1256 Treatment of the root with an elicitor derived from Pectobacterium atrosepticum, a soil-borne pathogen of potato, altered the composition of the exudates and arabinogalactan proteins. 27390353 8 10 attach derived 1183:1189 arg1 atrosepticum 1211:1222 Pectobacterium atrosepticum 1196:1222 Pectobacterium atrosepticum 1196:1222 Treatment of the root with an elicitor derived from Pectobacterium atrosepticum, a soil-borne pathogen of potato, altered the composition of the exudates and arabinogalactan proteins. 27390353 8 10 attach derived 1183:1189 arg1 pathogen 1238:1245 a soil-borne pathogen 1225:1245 a soil-borne pathogen of potato 1225:1255 Treatment of the root with an elicitor derived from Pectobacterium atrosepticum, a soil-borne pathogen of potato, altered the composition of the exudates and arabinogalactan proteins. 27390353 9 11 theme bacterium 1360:1368 arg1 growth 1346:1351 the growth 1342:1351 the growth of the bacterium in vitro 1342:1377 We found that the growth of the bacterium in vitro was differentially affected by exudates from elicited and non-elicited roots (i.e. inhibition versus stimulation). 27390353 4 12 theme confocal 699:706 arg1 microscopy 708:717 observation using laser confocal microscopy 675:717 observation using laser confocal microscopy 675:717 Methods In the present study we characterized root border cells using histochemical staining, immunofluorescence labelling of cell wall polysaccharides epitopes and observation using laser confocal microscopy. 27390353 0 13 theme Pectobacterium 106:119 arg1 atrosepticum 121:132 Pectobacterium atrosepticum 106:132 Pectobacterium atrosepticum 106:132 Root exudate of Solanum tuberosum is enriched in galactose-containing molecules and impacts the growth of Pectobacterium atrosepticum. 27390353 4 14 theme laser 693:697 arg1 microscopy 708:717 observation using laser confocal microscopy 675:717 observation using laser confocal microscopy 675:717 Methods In the present study we characterized root border cells using histochemical staining, immunofluorescence labelling of cell wall polysaccharides epitopes and observation using laser confocal microscopy. 27390353 4 15 theme histochemical 580:592 arg1 staining 594:601 histochemical staining 580:601 histochemical staining 580:601 Methods In the present study we characterized root border cells using histochemical staining, immunofluorescence labelling of cell wall polysaccharides epitopes and observation using laser confocal microscopy. 27390353 2 16 theme economic 359:366 arg1 losses 368:373 considerable economic losses 346:373 considerable economic losses 346:373 It is, however, significantly sensitive to a number of soil-borne pathogens that affect roots and tubers, causing considerable economic losses. 27390353 7 17 from exudate 1008:1014 arg1 Results 995:1001 Key Results 991:1001 Key Results Root exudate from S. tuberosum 991:1032 Key Results Root exudate from S. tuberosum was highly enriched in galactose-containing molecules including arabinogalactan proteins as major components. 27390353 8 18 theme soil-borne 1227:1236 arg1 atrosepticum 1211:1222 Pectobacterium atrosepticum 1196:1222 Pectobacterium atrosepticum 1196:1222 Treatment of the root with an elicitor derived from Pectobacterium atrosepticum, a soil-borne pathogen of potato, altered the composition of the exudates and arabinogalactan proteins. 27390353 8 18 theme soil-borne 1227:1236 arg1 pathogen 1238:1245 a soil-borne pathogen 1225:1245 a soil-borne pathogen of potato 1225:1255 Treatment of the root with an elicitor derived from Pectobacterium atrosepticum, a soil-borne pathogen of potato, altered the composition of the exudates and arabinogalactan proteins. 27390353 4 19 dep Methods 510:516 arg1 study 533:537 the present study 521:537 the present study 521:537 Methods In the present study we characterized root border cells using histochemical staining, immunofluorescence labelling of cell wall polysaccharides epitopes and observation using laser confocal microscopy. 27390353 10 20 theme galactose-containing 1551:1570 arg1 polymers 1572:1579 galactose-containing polymers 1551:1579 galactose-containing polymers of potato root exudates 1551:1603 Conclusions Taken together, these findings indicate that galactose-containing polymers of potato root exudates play a central role in root-microbe interactions. 27390353 4 21 dep polysaccharides 646:660 arg1 epitopes 662:669 epitopes 662:669 cell wall polysaccharides epitopes 636:669 Methods In the present study we characterized root border cells using histochemical staining, immunofluorescence labelling of cell wall polysaccharides epitopes and observation using laser confocal microscopy. 27390353 5 22 theme monosaccharide 724:737 arg1 composition 739:749 The monosaccharide composition 720:749 The monosaccharide composition of the secreted exudates 720:774 The monosaccharide composition of the secreted exudates was determined by gas chromatography of trimethylsilyl methylglycoside derivatives. 27390353 8 23 theme potato 1250:1255 arg1 atrosepticum 1211:1222 Pectobacterium atrosepticum 1196:1222 Pectobacterium atrosepticum 1196:1222 Treatment of the root with an elicitor derived from Pectobacterium atrosepticum, a soil-borne pathogen of potato, altered the composition of the exudates and arabinogalactan proteins. 27390353 8 23 theme potato 1250:1255 arg1 pathogen 1238:1245 a soil-borne pathogen 1225:1245 a soil-borne pathogen of potato 1225:1255 Treatment of the root with an elicitor derived from Pectobacterium atrosepticum, a soil-borne pathogen of potato, altered the composition of the exudates and arabinogalactan proteins. 27390353 6 24 theme secreted 893:900 arg1 proteins 918:925 secreted arabinogalactan proteins 893:925 secreted arabinogalactan proteins 893:925 The effects of root exudates and secreted arabinogalactan proteins on bacterial growth were investigated using in vitro bioassays. 27390353 9 25 from roots 1450:1454 arg1 exudates 1410:1417 exudates 1410:1417 exudates from elicited and non-elicited roots (i.e. inhibition versus stimulation) 1410:1491 We found that the growth of the bacterium in vitro was differentially affected by exudates from elicited and non-elicited roots (i.e. inhibition versus stimulation). 27390353 2 26 theme soil-borne 287:296 arg1 pathogens 298:306 soil-borne pathogens 287:306 soil-borne pathogens that affect roots and tubers 287:335 It is, however, significantly sensitive to a number of soil-borne pathogens that affect roots and tubers, causing considerable economic losses. 27390353 6 27 theme proteins 918:925 arg1 effects 864:870 The effects 860:870 The effects of root exudates and secreted arabinogalactan proteins on bacterial growth 860:945 The effects of root exudates and secreted arabinogalactan proteins on bacterial growth were investigated using in vitro bioassays. 27390353 4 28 theme wall 641:644 arg1 polysaccharides 646:660 cell wall polysaccharides epitopes 636:669 cell wall polysaccharides epitopes 636:669 Methods In the present study we characterized root border cells using histochemical staining, immunofluorescence labelling of cell wall polysaccharides epitopes and observation using laser confocal microscopy. 27390353 0 29 theme Root 0:3 arg1 exudate 5:11 Root exudate 0:11 Root exudate of Solanum tuberosum 0:32 Root exudate of Solanum tuberosum is enriched in galactose-containing molecules and impacts the growth of Pectobacterium atrosepticum. 27390353 8 30 theme root 1161:1164 arg1 Treatment 1144:1152 Treatment 1144:1152 Treatment of the root with an elicitor derived from Pectobacterium atrosepticum, a soil-borne pathogen of potato, 1144:1256 Treatment of the root with an elicitor derived from Pectobacterium atrosepticum, a soil-borne pathogen of potato, altered the composition of the exudates and arabinogalactan proteins. 27390353 7 31 dep exudate 1008:1014 arg1 tuberosum 1024:1032 S. tuberosum 1021:1032 S. tuberosum 1021:1032 Key Results Root exudate from S. tuberosum was highly enriched in galactose-containing molecules including arabinogalactan proteins as major components. 27390353 4 32 theme cell 636:639 arg1 polysaccharides 646:660 cell wall polysaccharides epitopes 636:669 cell wall polysaccharides epitopes 636:669 Methods In the present study we characterized root border cells using histochemical staining, immunofluorescence labelling of cell wall polysaccharides epitopes and observation using laser confocal microscopy. 27390353 5 33 theme trimethylsilyl 816:829 arg1 derivatives 847:857 trimethylsilyl methylglycoside derivatives 816:857 trimethylsilyl methylglycoside derivatives 816:857 The monosaccharide composition of the secreted exudates was determined by gas chromatography of trimethylsilyl methylglycoside derivatives. 27390353 7 34 theme major 1126:1130 arg1 components 1132:1141 major components 1126:1141 major components 1126:1141 Key Results Root exudate from S. tuberosum was highly enriched in galactose-containing molecules including arabinogalactan proteins as major components. 27390353 7 35 theme Key 991:993 arg1 Results 995:1001 Key Results 991:1001 Key Results Root exudate from S. tuberosum 991:1032 Key Results Root exudate from S. tuberosum was highly enriched in galactose-containing molecules including arabinogalactan proteins as major components. 27390353 1 36 theme important 188:196 arg1 Potato 155:160 Background and aims Potato 135:160 Background and aims Potato (Solanum tuberosum) 135:180 Background and aims Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important food crop and is grown worldwide. 27390353 1 36 theme important 188:196 arg1 crop 203:206 an important food crop 185:206 an important food crop 185:206 Background and aims Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important food crop and is grown worldwide. 27390353 5 37 theme methylglycoside 831:845 arg1 derivatives 847:857 trimethylsilyl methylglycoside derivatives 816:857 trimethylsilyl methylglycoside derivatives 816:857 The monosaccharide composition of the secreted exudates was determined by gas chromatography of trimethylsilyl methylglycoside derivatives. 27390353 0 38 theme atrosepticum 121:132 arg1 growth 96:101 the growth 92:101 the growth of Pectobacterium atrosepticum 92:132 Root exudate of Solanum tuberosum is enriched in galactose-containing molecules and impacts the growth of Pectobacterium atrosepticum. 27390353 6 39 dep in 971:972 arg1 vitro 974:978 vitro 974:978 vitro 974:978 The effects of root exudates and secreted arabinogalactan proteins on bacterial growth were investigated using in vitro bioassays. 27390353 1 40 dep Potato 155:160 arg1 tuberosum 171:179 Solanum tuberosum 163:179 Solanum tuberosum 163:179 Background and aims Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important food crop and is grown worldwide. 27390353 8 41 theme Pectobacterium 1196:1209 arg1 atrosepticum 1211:1222 Pectobacterium atrosepticum 1196:1222 Pectobacterium atrosepticum 1196:1222 Treatment of the root with an elicitor derived from Pectobacterium atrosepticum, a soil-borne pathogen of potato, altered the composition of the exudates and arabinogalactan proteins. 27390353 8 41 theme Pectobacterium 1196:1209 arg1 pathogen 1238:1245 a soil-borne pathogen 1225:1245 a soil-borne pathogen of potato 1225:1255 Treatment of the root with an elicitor derived from Pectobacterium atrosepticum, a soil-borne pathogen of potato, altered the composition of the exudates and arabinogalactan proteins. 27390353 1 42 theme food 198:201 arg1 Potato 155:160 Background and aims Potato 135:160 Background and aims Potato (Solanum tuberosum) 135:180 Background and aims Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important food crop and is grown worldwide. 27390353 1 42 theme food 198:201 arg1 crop 203:206 an important food crop 185:206 an important food crop 185:206 Background and aims Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important food crop and is grown worldwide. 27390353 6 43 theme exudates 880:887 arg1 effects 864:870 The effects 860:870 The effects of root exudates and secreted arabinogalactan proteins on bacterial growth 860:945 The effects of root exudates and secreted arabinogalactan proteins on bacterial growth were investigated using in vitro bioassays. 27390353 2 44 theme considerable 346:357 arg1 losses 368:373 considerable economic losses 346:373 considerable economic losses 346:373 It is, however, significantly sensitive to a number of soil-borne pathogens that affect roots and tubers, causing considerable economic losses. 27390353 4 45 theme immunofluorescence 604:621 arg1 labelling 623:631 immunofluorescence labelling 604:631 immunofluorescence labelling of cell wall polysaccharides epitopes 604:669 Methods In the present study we characterized root border cells using histochemical staining, immunofluorescence labelling of cell wall polysaccharides epitopes and observation using laser confocal microscopy. 27390353 3 46 theme most 384:387 arg1 research 389:396 most research 384:396 most research on potato 384:406 So far, most research on potato has been dedicated to tubers and hence little attention has been paid to root structure and function. 27390353 0 47 theme tuberosum 24:32 arg1 exudate 5:11 Root exudate 0:11 Root exudate of Solanum tuberosum 0:32 Root exudate of Solanum tuberosum is enriched in galactose-containing molecules and impacts the growth of Pectobacterium atrosepticum. 27390353 6 48 theme root 875:878 arg1 exudates 880:887 root exudates 875:887 root exudates 875:887 The effects of root exudates and secreted arabinogalactan proteins on bacterial growth were investigated using in vitro bioassays. 27390353 6 49 from effects 864:870 arg1 growth 940:945 bacterial growth 930:945 bacterial growth 930:945 The effects of root exudates and secreted arabinogalactan proteins on bacterial growth were investigated using in vitro bioassays. 27390353 9 50 theme elicited 1424:1431 arg1 roots 1450:1454 elicited and non-elicited roots 1424:1454 elicited and non-elicited roots (i.e. inhibition versus stimulation) 1424:1491 We found that the growth of the bacterium in vitro was differentially affected by exudates from elicited and non-elicited roots (i.e. inhibition versus stimulation). 27390353 10 51 theme potato 1584:1589 arg1 exudates 1596:1603 potato root exudates 1584:1603 potato root exudates 1584:1603 Conclusions Taken together, these findings indicate that galactose-containing polymers of potato root exudates play a central role in root-microbe interactions. 27390353 6 52 theme arabinogalactan 902:916 arg1 proteins 918:925 secreted arabinogalactan proteins 893:925 secreted arabinogalactan proteins 893:925 The effects of root exudates and secreted arabinogalactan proteins on bacterial growth were investigated using in vitro bioassays. 27390353 3 53 theme little 447:452 arg1 attention 454:462 little attention 447:462 little attention 447:462 So far, most research on potato has been dedicated to tubers and hence little attention has been paid to root structure and function. 27390353 5 54 theme gas 794:796 arg1 chromatography 798:811 gas chromatography 794:811 gas chromatography of trimethylsilyl methylglycoside derivatives 794:857 The monosaccharide composition of the secreted exudates was determined by gas chromatography of trimethylsilyl methylglycoside derivatives. 27390353 6 55 theme in 971:972 arg1 bioassays 980:988 in vitro bioassays 971:988 in vitro bioassays 971:988 The effects of root exudates and secreted arabinogalactan proteins on bacterial growth were investigated using in vitro bioassays. 27390353 7 56 theme arabinogalactan 1098:1112 arg1 proteins 1114:1121 arabinogalactan proteins 1098:1121 arabinogalactan proteins as major components 1098:1141 Key Results Root exudate from S. tuberosum was highly enriched in galactose-containing molecules including arabinogalactan proteins as major components. 27390353 7 57 from enriched 1045:1052 arg1 molecules 1078:1086 galactose-containing molecules 1057:1086 galactose-containing molecules including arabinogalactan proteins as major components 1057:1141 Key Results Root exudate from S. tuberosum was highly enriched in galactose-containing molecules including arabinogalactan proteins as major components. 27390353 7 57 from enriched 1045:1052 arg1 proteins 1114:1121 arabinogalactan proteins 1098:1121 arabinogalactan proteins as major components 1098:1141 Key Results Root exudate from S. tuberosum was highly enriched in galactose-containing molecules including arabinogalactan proteins as major components. 27390353 4 58 theme using 687:691 arg1 microscopy 708:717 observation using laser confocal microscopy 675:717 observation using laser confocal microscopy 675:717 Methods In the present study we characterized root border cells using histochemical staining, immunofluorescence labelling of cell wall polysaccharides epitopes and observation using laser confocal microscopy. 27390353 9 59 theme non-elicited 1437:1448 arg1 roots 1450:1454 elicited and non-elicited roots 1424:1454 elicited and non-elicited roots (i.e. inhibition versus stimulation) 1424:1491 We found that the growth of the bacterium in vitro was differentially affected by exudates from elicited and non-elicited roots (i.e. inhibition versus stimulation). 27390353 7 60 theme galactose-containing 1057:1076 arg1 molecules 1078:1086 galactose-containing molecules 1057:1086 galactose-containing molecules including arabinogalactan proteins as major components 1057:1141 Key Results Root exudate from S. tuberosum was highly enriched in galactose-containing molecules including arabinogalactan proteins as major components. 27390353 7 60 theme galactose-containing 1057:1076 arg1 proteins 1114:1121 arabinogalactan proteins 1098:1121 arabinogalactan proteins as major components 1098:1141 Key Results Root exudate from S. tuberosum was highly enriched in galactose-containing molecules including arabinogalactan proteins as major components. 27390353 8 61 theme proteins 1318:1325 arg1 composition 1270:1280 the composition 1266:1280 the composition of the exudates and arabinogalactan proteins 1266:1325 Treatment of the root with an elicitor derived from Pectobacterium atrosepticum, a soil-borne pathogen of potato, altered the composition of the exudates and arabinogalactan proteins. 27390353 1 62 theme Background 135:144 arg1 Potato 155:160 Background and aims Potato 135:160 Background and aims Potato (Solanum tuberosum) 135:180 Background and aims Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important food crop and is grown worldwide. 27390353 1 62 theme Background 135:144 arg1 crop 203:206 an important food crop 185:206 an important food crop 185:206 Background and aims Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important food crop and is grown worldwide. 27390353 4 63 theme border 561:566 arg1 cells 568:572 root border cells 556:572 root border cells 556:572 Methods In the present study we characterized root border cells using histochemical staining, immunofluorescence labelling of cell wall polysaccharides epitopes and observation using laser confocal microscopy. 27390353 10 64 theme root 1591:1594 arg1 exudates 1596:1603 potato root exudates 1584:1603 potato root exudates 1584:1603 Conclusions Taken together, these findings indicate that galactose-containing polymers of potato root exudates play a central role in root-microbe interactions. 27390353 3 65 from research 389:396 arg1 potato 401:406 potato 401:406 potato 401:406 So far, most research on potato has been dedicated to tubers and hence little attention has been paid to root structure and function. 27390353 2 66 theme pathogens 298:306 arg1 number 277:282 a number 275:282 a number of soil-borne pathogens that affect roots and tubers 275:335 It is, however, significantly sensitive to a number of soil-borne pathogens that affect roots and tubers, causing considerable economic losses. 27390353 8 67 with Treatment 1144:1152 arg1 elicitor 1174:1181 an elicitor 1171:1181 an elicitor derived from Pectobacterium atrosepticum, a soil-borne pathogen of potato, 1171:1256 Treatment of the root with an elicitor derived from Pectobacterium atrosepticum, a soil-borne pathogen of potato, altered the composition of the exudates and arabinogalactan proteins. 27390353 4 68 theme root 556:559 arg1 cells 568:572 root border cells 556:572 root border cells 556:572 Methods In the present study we characterized root border cells using histochemical staining, immunofluorescence labelling of cell wall polysaccharides epitopes and observation using laser confocal microscopy. 27390353 10 69 theme root-microbe 1628:1639 arg1 interactions 1641:1652 root-microbe interactions 1628:1652 root-microbe interactions 1628:1652 Conclusions Taken together, these findings indicate that galactose-containing polymers of potato root exudates play a central role in root-microbe interactions. 27390353 5 70 theme derivatives 847:857 arg1 chromatography 798:811 gas chromatography 794:811 gas chromatography of trimethylsilyl methylglycoside derivatives 794:857 The monosaccharide composition of the secreted exudates was determined by gas chromatography of trimethylsilyl methylglycoside derivatives. 27390353 1 71 theme aims 150:153 arg1 Potato 155:160 Background and aims Potato 135:160 Background and aims Potato (Solanum tuberosum) 135:180 Background and aims Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important food crop and is grown worldwide. 27390353 1 71 theme aims 150:153 arg1 crop 203:206 an important food crop 185:206 an important food crop 185:206 Background and aims Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important food crop and is grown worldwide. 27390353 8 72 theme exudates 1289:1296 arg1 composition 1270:1280 the composition 1266:1280 the composition of the exudates and arabinogalactan proteins 1266:1325 Treatment of the root with an elicitor derived from Pectobacterium atrosepticum, a soil-borne pathogen of potato, altered the composition of the exudates and arabinogalactan proteins. 27390353 10 73 theme central 1612:1618 arg1 role 1620:1623 a central role 1610:1623 a central role 1610:1623 Conclusions Taken together, these findings indicate that galactose-containing polymers of potato root exudates play a central role in root-microbe interactions. 27390353 0 74 theme galactose-containing 49:68 arg1 molecules 70:78 galactose-containing molecules 49:78 galactose-containing molecules 49:78 Root exudate of Solanum tuberosum is enriched in galactose-containing molecules and impacts the growth of Pectobacterium atrosepticum. 27390353 4 75 theme polysaccharides 646:660 arg1 staining 594:601 histochemical staining 580:601 histochemical staining 580:601 Methods In the present study we characterized root border cells using histochemical staining, immunofluorescence labelling of cell wall polysaccharides epitopes and observation using laser confocal microscopy. 27390353 4 75 theme polysaccharides 646:660 arg1 labelling 623:631 immunofluorescence labelling 604:631 immunofluorescence labelling of cell wall polysaccharides epitopes 604:669 Methods In the present study we characterized root border cells using histochemical staining, immunofluorescence labelling of cell wall polysaccharides epitopes and observation using laser confocal microscopy. 27390353 4 75 theme polysaccharides 646:660 arg1 microscopy 708:717 observation using laser confocal microscopy 675:717 observation using laser confocal microscopy 675:717 Methods In the present study we characterized root border cells using histochemical staining, immunofluorescence labelling of cell wall polysaccharides epitopes and observation using laser confocal microscopy. 28786242 0 0 theme polysaccharides 85:99 arg1 optimization 22:33 Ultrasound extraction optimization 0:33 Ultrasound extraction optimization 0:33 Ultrasound extraction optimization, structural features, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake. 28786242 0 0 theme polysaccharides 85:99 arg1 features 47:54 structural features 36:54 structural features 36:54 Ultrasound extraction optimization, structural features, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake. 28786242 0 0 theme polysaccharides 85:99 arg1 activity 73:80 antioxidant activity 61:80 antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake 61:125 Ultrasound extraction optimization, structural features, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake. 28786242 0 1 from optimization 22:33 arg1 matsutake 117:125 Tricholoma matsutake 106:125 Tricholoma matsutake 106:125 Ultrasound extraction optimization, structural features, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake. 28786242 5 2 theme in 971:972 arg1 activity 992:999 their in vitro antioxidant activity 965:999 their in vitro antioxidant activity 965:999 Furthermore, their in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated in terms of a reducing power assay and the scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals. 28786242 3 3 theme raw 493:495 arg1 ratio 506:510 raw material ratio 493:510 raw material ratio 493:510 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 4 4 theme structural 752:761 arg1 features 763:770 Their preliminary structural features 734:770 Their preliminary structural features 734:770 Their preliminary structural features were determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed-amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) analyses. 28786242 1 5 theme crude 185:189 arg1 polysaccharide 191:204 crude polysaccharide 185:204 crude polysaccharide 185:204 An ultrasonic-assisted technique was employed to extract crude polysaccharide from Tricholoma matsutake fruiting bodies. 28786242 5 6 theme assay 1047:1051 arg1 rates 1072:1076 the scavenging rates 1057:1076 the scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals 1057:1138 Furthermore, their in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated in terms of a reducing power assay and the scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals. 28786242 5 6 theme assay 1047:1051 arg1 terms 1021:1025 terms 1021:1025 terms of a reducing power assay 1021:1051 Furthermore, their in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated in terms of a reducing power assay and the scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals. 28786242 0 7 theme Tricholoma 106:115 arg1 matsutake 117:125 Tricholoma matsutake 106:125 Tricholoma matsutake 106:125 Ultrasound extraction optimization, structural features, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake. 28786242 5 8 theme hydroxyl 1122:1129 arg1 radicals 1131:1138 hydroxyl radicals 1122:1138 hydroxyl radicals 1122:1138 Furthermore, their in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated in terms of a reducing power assay and the scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals. 28786242 6 9 theme fractions 1166:1174 arg1 order 1145:1149 The order 1141:1149 The order of the various fractions based on their antioxidant activity 1141:1210 The order of the various fractions based on their antioxidant activity was TMP80>TMP>TMP60>TMP30. 28786242 6 9 theme fractions 1166:1174 arg1 TMP80>TMP>TMP60>TMP30 1216:1236 TMP80>TMP>TMP60>TMP30 1216:1236 TMP80>TMP>TMP60>TMP30 1216:1236 The order of the various fractions based on their antioxidant activity was TMP80>TMP>TMP60>TMP30. 28786242 4 10 theme pulsed-amperometric 843:861 arg1 HPAEC-PAD 874:882 HPAEC-PAD 874:882 HPAEC-PAD 874:882 Their preliminary structural features were determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed-amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) analyses. 28786242 4 10 theme pulsed-amperometric 843:861 arg1 detection 863:871 pulsed-amperometric detection 843:871 pulsed-amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) 843:883 Their preliminary structural features were determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed-amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) analyses. 28786242 3 11 theme ultrasonic 522:531 arg1 frequency 533:541 ultrasonic frequency 522:541 ultrasonic frequency 522:541 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 12 dep fractions 627:635 arg1 TMP60 645:649 TMP60 645:649 TMP60 645:649 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 12 dep fractions 627:635 arg1 TMP80 656:660 TMP80 656:660 TMP80 656:660 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 12 dep fractions 627:635 arg1 fractions 627:635 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions 574:635 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80 574:660 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 13 dep follows 419:425 arg1 temperature 439:449 ultrasonic temperature 428:449 ultrasonic temperature 428:449 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 4 14 theme preliminary 740:750 arg1 features 763:770 Their preliminary structural features 734:770 Their preliminary structural features 734:770 Their preliminary structural features were determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed-amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) analyses. 28786242 0 15 from features 47:54 arg1 matsutake 117:125 Tricholoma matsutake 106:125 Tricholoma matsutake 106:125 Ultrasound extraction optimization, structural features, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake. 28786242 0 16 theme extraction 11:20 arg1 optimization 22:33 Ultrasound extraction optimization 0:33 Ultrasound extraction optimization 0:33 Ultrasound extraction optimization, structural features, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake. 28786242 4 17 theme anion-exchange 808:821 arg1 chromatography 823:836 high-performance anion-exchange chromatography 791:836 high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed-amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) 791:883 Their preliminary structural features were determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed-amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) analyses. 28786242 4 18 theme FT-IR 935:939 arg1 analyses 942:949 infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) analyses 907:949 infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) analyses 907:949 Their preliminary structural features were determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed-amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) analyses. 28786242 7 19 theme polysaccharide 1275:1288 arg1 fractions 1290:1298 novel polysaccharide fractions 1269:1298 novel polysaccharide fractions from T. matsutake, especially TMP80, 1269:1335 These findings suggested that novel polysaccharide fractions from T. matsutake, especially TMP80, could be promising active macromolecules for biomedical use. 28786242 1 20 theme Tricholoma 211:220 arg1 bodies 241:246 Tricholoma matsutake fruiting bodies 211:246 Tricholoma matsutake fruiting bodies 211:246 An ultrasonic-assisted technique was employed to extract crude polysaccharide from Tricholoma matsutake fruiting bodies. 28786242 0 21 theme Ultrasound 0:9 arg1 optimization 22:33 Ultrasound extraction optimization 0:33 Ultrasound extraction optimization 0:33 Ultrasound extraction optimization, structural features, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake. 28786242 3 22 dep temperature 439:449 arg1 power 567:571 ultrasonic power 556:571 ultrasonic power 556:571 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 22 dep temperature 439:449 arg1 TMP80 656:660 TMP80 656:660 TMP80 656:660 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 22 dep temperature 439:449 arg1 frequency 533:541 ultrasonic frequency 522:541 ultrasonic frequency 522:541 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 22 dep temperature 439:449 arg1 °C 455:456 40 °C 452:456 40 °C 452:456 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 22 dep temperature 439:449 arg1 min 479:481 50 min 476:481 50 min 476:481 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 22 dep temperature 439:449 arg1 kHz 547:549 45 kHz 544:549 45 kHz 544:549 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 22 dep temperature 439:449 arg1 water 484:488 water 484:488 water to raw material ratio 484:510 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 22 dep temperature 439:449 arg1 TMP60 645:649 TMP60 645:649 TMP60 645:649 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 22 dep temperature 439:449 arg1 ml/g 516:519 25 ml/g 513:519 25 ml/g 513:519 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 22 dep temperature 439:449 arg1 time 470:473 ultrasonic time 459:473 ultrasonic time 459:473 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 22 dep temperature 439:449 arg1 fractions 627:635 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions 574:635 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80 574:660 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 1 23 theme matsutake 222:230 arg1 bodies 241:246 Tricholoma matsutake fruiting bodies 211:246 Tricholoma matsutake fruiting bodies 211:246 An ultrasonic-assisted technique was employed to extract crude polysaccharide from Tricholoma matsutake fruiting bodies. 28786242 3 24 theme optimal 392:398 arg1 parameters 400:409 the optimal parameters 388:409 the optimal parameters 388:409 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 7 25 theme promising 1346:1354 arg1 macromolecules 1363:1376 promising active macromolecules 1346:1376 promising active macromolecules 1346:1376 These findings suggested that novel polysaccharide fractions from T. matsutake, especially TMP80, could be promising active macromolecules for biomedical use. 28786242 5 26 theme scavenging 1061:1070 arg1 rates 1072:1076 the scavenging rates 1057:1076 the scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals 1057:1138 Furthermore, their in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated in terms of a reducing power assay and the scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals. 28786242 3 27 theme ultrasonic 556:565 arg1 power 567:571 ultrasonic power 556:571 ultrasonic power 556:571 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 1 28 theme fruiting 232:239 arg1 bodies 241:246 Tricholoma matsutake fruiting bodies 211:246 Tricholoma matsutake fruiting bodies 211:246 An ultrasonic-assisted technique was employed to extract crude polysaccharide from Tricholoma matsutake fruiting bodies. 28786242 5 29 dep in 971:972 arg1 vitro 974:978 vitro 974:978 vitro 974:978 Furthermore, their in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated in terms of a reducing power assay and the scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals. 28786242 3 30 theme matsutake 596:604 arg1 TMP60 645:649 TMP60 645:649 TMP60 645:649 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 30 theme matsutake 596:604 arg1 TMP80 656:660 TMP80 656:660 TMP80 656:660 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 30 theme matsutake 596:604 arg1 fractions 627:635 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions 574:635 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80 574:660 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 31 theme material 497:504 arg1 ratio 506:510 raw material ratio 493:510 raw material ratio 493:510 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 32 theme novel 587:591 arg1 TMP60 645:649 TMP60 645:649 TMP60 645:649 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 32 theme novel 587:591 arg1 TMP80 656:660 TMP80 656:660 TMP80 656:660 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 32 theme novel 587:591 arg1 fractions 627:635 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions 574:635 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80 574:660 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 33 theme ultrasonic 428:437 arg1 temperature 439:449 ultrasonic temperature 428:449 ultrasonic temperature 428:449 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 4 34 theme spectrophotometer 916:932 arg1 analyses 942:949 infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) analyses 907:949 infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) analyses 907:949 Their preliminary structural features were determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed-amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) analyses. 28786242 3 35 theme polysaccharide 606:619 arg1 TMP60 645:649 TMP60 645:649 TMP60 645:649 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 35 theme polysaccharide 606:619 arg1 TMP80 656:660 TMP80 656:660 TMP80 656:660 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 35 theme polysaccharide 606:619 arg1 fractions 627:635 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions 574:635 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80 574:660 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 2 36 theme experimental 284:295 arg1 L9 305:306 L9(33) 305:310 L9(33) 305:310 Single-factor tests and orthogonal experimental design (L9(33)) were used to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. 28786242 2 36 theme experimental 284:295 arg1 design 297:302 orthogonal experimental design 273:302 orthogonal experimental design (L9(33)) 273:311 Single-factor tests and orthogonal experimental design (L9(33)) were used to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. 28786242 3 37 theme ultrasonic 459:468 arg1 time 470:473 ultrasonic time 459:473 ultrasonic time 459:473 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 0 38 theme structural 36:45 arg1 features 47:54 structural features 36:54 structural features 36:54 Ultrasound extraction optimization, structural features, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake. 28786242 5 39 theme radicals 1131:1138 arg1 rates 1072:1076 the scavenging rates 1057:1076 the scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals 1057:1138 Furthermore, their in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated in terms of a reducing power assay and the scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals. 28786242 5 39 theme radicals 1131:1138 arg1 terms 1021:1025 terms 1021:1025 terms of a reducing power assay 1021:1051 Furthermore, their in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated in terms of a reducing power assay and the scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals. 28786242 4 40 theme infrared 907:914 arg1 analyses 942:949 infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) analyses 907:949 infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) analyses 907:949 Their preliminary structural features were determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed-amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) analyses. 28786242 0 41 from activity 73:80 arg1 matsutake 117:125 Tricholoma matsutake 106:125 Tricholoma matsutake 106:125 Ultrasound extraction optimization, structural features, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake. 28786242 2 42 theme orthogonal 273:282 arg1 L9 305:306 L9(33) 305:310 L9(33) 305:310 Single-factor tests and orthogonal experimental design (L9(33)) were used to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. 28786242 2 42 theme orthogonal 273:282 arg1 design 297:302 orthogonal experimental design 273:302 orthogonal experimental design (L9(33)) 273:311 Single-factor tests and orthogonal experimental design (L9(33)) were used to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. 28786242 3 43 theme stepwise 702:709 arg1 precipitation 719:731 stepwise alcohol precipitation 702:731 stepwise alcohol precipitation 702:731 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 44 theme T. 593:594 arg1 TMP60 645:649 TMP60 645:649 TMP60 645:649 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 44 theme T. 593:594 arg1 TMP80 656:660 TMP80 656:660 TMP80 656:660 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 44 theme T. 593:594 arg1 fractions 627:635 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions 574:635 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80 574:660 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 7 45 theme biomedical 1382:1391 arg1 use 1393:1395 biomedical use 1382:1395 biomedical use 1382:1395 These findings suggested that novel polysaccharide fractions from T. matsutake, especially TMP80, could be promising active macromolecules for biomedical use. 28786242 4 46 theme high-performance 791:806 arg1 chromatography 823:836 high-performance anion-exchange chromatography 791:836 high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed-amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) 791:883 Their preliminary structural features were determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed-amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) analyses. 28786242 6 47 theme various 1158:1164 arg1 fractions 1166:1174 the various fractions 1154:1174 the various fractions based on their antioxidant activity 1154:1210 The order of the various fractions based on their antioxidant activity was TMP80>TMP>TMP60>TMP30. 28786242 2 48 theme Single-factor 249:261 arg1 tests 263:267 Single-factor tests 249:267 Single-factor tests 249:267 Single-factor tests and orthogonal experimental design (L9(33)) were used to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. 28786242 1 49 theme ultrasonic-assisted 131:149 arg1 technique 151:159 An ultrasonic-assisted technique 128:159 An ultrasonic-assisted technique 128:159 An ultrasonic-assisted technique was employed to extract crude polysaccharide from Tricholoma matsutake fruiting bodies. 28786242 2 50 used used 318:321 arg2 tests 263:267 Single-factor tests 249:267 Single-factor tests 249:267 Single-factor tests and orthogonal experimental design (L9(33)) were used to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. 28786242 2 50 used used 318:321 arg2 L9 305:306 L9(33) 305:310 L9(33) 305:310 Single-factor tests and orthogonal experimental design (L9(33)) were used to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. 28786242 2 50 used used 318:321 arg2 design 297:302 orthogonal experimental design 273:302 orthogonal experimental design (L9(33)) 273:311 Single-factor tests and orthogonal experimental design (L9(33)) were used to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. 28786242 5 51 theme power 1041:1045 arg1 assay 1047:1051 a reducing power assay 1030:1051 a reducing power assay 1030:1051 Furthermore, their in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated in terms of a reducing power assay and the scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals. 28786242 0 52 from matsutake 117:125 arg1 optimization 22:33 Ultrasound extraction optimization 0:33 Ultrasound extraction optimization 0:33 Ultrasound extraction optimization, structural features, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake. 28786242 0 52 from matsutake 117:125 arg1 features 47:54 structural features 36:54 structural features 36:54 Ultrasound extraction optimization, structural features, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake. 28786242 0 52 from matsutake 117:125 arg1 polysaccharides 85:99 polysaccharides 85:99 polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake 85:125 Ultrasound extraction optimization, structural features, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake. 28786242 0 52 from matsutake 117:125 arg1 activity 73:80 antioxidant activity 61:80 antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake 61:125 Ultrasound extraction optimization, structural features, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake. 28786242 3 53 theme W. 578:579 arg1 TMP60 645:649 TMP60 645:649 TMP60 645:649 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 53 theme W. 578:579 arg1 TMP80 656:660 TMP80 656:660 TMP80 656:660 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 53 theme W. 578:579 arg1 fractions 627:635 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions 574:635 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80 574:660 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 1 54 from bodies 241:246 arg1 extract 177:183 extract 177:183 extract 177:183 An ultrasonic-assisted technique was employed to extract crude polysaccharide from Tricholoma matsutake fruiting bodies. 28786242 2 55 theme extraction 345:354 arg1 conditions 356:365 the optimal extraction conditions 333:365 the optimal extraction conditions 333:365 Single-factor tests and orthogonal experimental design (L9(33)) were used to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. 28786242 5 56 theme reducing 1032:1039 arg1 assay 1047:1051 a reducing power assay 1030:1051 a reducing power assay 1030:1051 Furthermore, their in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated in terms of a reducing power assay and the scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals. 28786242 2 57 theme optimal 337:343 arg1 conditions 356:365 the optimal extraction conditions 333:365 the optimal extraction conditions 333:365 Single-factor tests and orthogonal experimental design (L9(33)) were used to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. 28786242 7 58 theme novel 1269:1273 arg1 fractions 1290:1298 novel polysaccharide fractions 1269:1298 novel polysaccharide fractions from T. matsutake, especially TMP80, 1269:1335 These findings suggested that novel polysaccharide fractions from T. matsutake, especially TMP80, could be promising active macromolecules for biomedical use. 28786242 7 59 from matsutake 1308:1316 arg1 fractions 1290:1298 novel polysaccharide fractions 1269:1298 novel polysaccharide fractions from T. matsutake, especially TMP80, 1269:1335 These findings suggested that novel polysaccharide fractions from T. matsutake, especially TMP80, could be promising active macromolecules for biomedical use. 28786242 3 60 theme TMP 622:624 arg1 TMP60 645:649 TMP60 645:649 TMP60 645:649 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 60 theme TMP 622:624 arg1 TMP80 656:660 TMP80 656:660 TMP80 656:660 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 3 60 theme TMP 622:624 arg1 fractions 627:635 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions 574:635 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80 574:660 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 5 61 theme antioxidant 980:990 arg1 activity 992:999 their in vitro antioxidant activity 965:999 their in vitro antioxidant activity 965:999 Furthermore, their in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated in terms of a reducing power assay and the scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals. 28786242 4 62 with chromatography 823:836 arg1 HPAEC-PAD 874:882 HPAEC-PAD 874:882 HPAEC-PAD 874:882 Their preliminary structural features were determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed-amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) analyses. 28786242 4 62 with chromatography 823:836 arg1 detection 863:871 pulsed-amperometric detection 843:871 pulsed-amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) 843:883 Their preliminary structural features were determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed-amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) analyses. 28786242 3 63 theme alcohol 711:717 arg1 precipitation 719:731 stepwise alcohol precipitation 702:731 stepwise alcohol precipitation 702:731 Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. 28786242 0 64 theme antioxidant 61:71 arg1 activity 73:80 antioxidant activity 61:80 antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake 61:125 Ultrasound extraction optimization, structural features, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake. 28786242 7 65 theme active 1356:1361 arg1 macromolecules 1363:1376 promising active macromolecules 1346:1376 promising active macromolecules 1346:1376 These findings suggested that novel polysaccharide fractions from T. matsutake, especially TMP80, could be promising active macromolecules for biomedical use. 28786242 5 66 theme 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 1081:1109 arg1 rates 1072:1076 the scavenging rates 1057:1076 the scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals 1057:1138 Furthermore, their in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated in terms of a reducing power assay and the scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals. 28786242 5 66 theme 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 1081:1109 arg1 terms 1021:1025 terms 1021:1025 terms of a reducing power assay 1021:1051 Furthermore, their in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated in terms of a reducing power assay and the scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals. 28786242 6 67 theme antioxidant 1191:1201 arg1 activity 1203:1210 their antioxidant activity 1185:1210 their antioxidant activity 1185:1210 The order of the various fractions based on their antioxidant activity was TMP80>TMP>TMP60>TMP30. 26880719 2 0 theme complimentary 347:359 arg1 markers 361:367 other complimentary markers 341:367 other complimentary markers 341:367 In the search for other complimentary markers, we focused on serum IgG from patients with prostate diseases as well as normal subjects. 26880719 1 1 theme antigen 265:271 arg1 trustworthiness 228:242 the trustworthiness 224:242 the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen 224:271 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 1 1 theme antigen 265:271 arg1 marker 296:301 an early diagnostic marker 276:301 an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer 276:320 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 5 2 dep increased 779:787 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 739:757 that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 678:759 that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients 678:1109 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 5 2 dep increased 779:787 arg1 compared 846:853 compared 846:853 compared 846:853 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 7 3 theme decreased 1350:1358 arg1 binding 1360:1366 a decreased binding 1348:1366 a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin 1348:1392 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 3 4 with subjects 504:511 arg1 diseases 540:547 prostate diseases 531:547 prostate diseases 531:547 IgG purified from the sera of normal control subjects and patients with prostate diseases, was digested with peptide N-glycanase. 26880719 3 5 theme prostate 531:538 arg1 diseases 540:547 prostate diseases 531:547 prostate diseases 531:547 IgG purified from the sera of normal control subjects and patients with prostate diseases, was digested with peptide N-glycanase. 26880719 9 6 dep useful 1873:1878 arg1 diagnostic 1880:1889 diagnostic 1880:1889 diagnostic 1880:1889 Our study indicates that the glycosylation changes in IgG can become useful diagnostic parameters for prostate cancer. 26880719 4 7 theme spectrometry 654:665 arg1 MALDI-time 628:637 MALDI-time 628:637 MALDI-time of flight mass spectrometry 628:665 Released glycans were quantified using MALDI-time of flight mass spectrometry. 26880719 8 8 theme normal 1787:1792 arg1 subjects 1794:1801 normal subjects 1787:1801 normal subjects 1787:1801 Meanwhile, wheat germ agglutinin binding to IgG of the cancer group was significantly larger than that for the benign prostatic disease group but smaller than that for normal subjects. 26880719 3 9 theme patients 517:524 arg1 sera 481:484 the sera 477:484 the sera of normal control subjects and patients with prostate diseases 477:547 IgG purified from the sera of normal control subjects and patients with prostate diseases, was digested with peptide N-glycanase. 26880719 8 10 theme germ 1636:1639 arg1 agglutinin 1641:1650 wheat germ agglutinin 1630:1650 wheat germ agglutinin binding to IgG of the cancer group 1630:1685 Meanwhile, wheat germ agglutinin binding to IgG of the cancer group was significantly larger than that for the benign prostatic disease group but smaller than that for normal subjects. 26880719 5 11 theme prostate 830:837 arg1 cancer 839:844 prostate cancer 830:844 prostate cancer 830:844 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 7 12 theme Sambucus 1372:1379 arg1 lectin 1387:1392 Sambucus nigra lectin 1372:1392 Sambucus nigra lectin 1372:1392 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 1 13 theme early 279:283 arg1 marker 296:301 an early diagnostic marker 276:301 an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer 276:320 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 1 13 theme early 279:283 arg1 trustworthiness 228:242 the trustworthiness 224:242 the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen 224:271 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 7 14 theme prostate 1328:1335 arg1 cancer 1337:1342 prostate cancer 1328:1342 prostate cancer 1328:1342 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 5 15 theme that 678:681 arg1 compared 846:853 compared 846:853 compared 846:853 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 5 15 theme that 678:681 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 739:757 that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 678:759 that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients 678:1109 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 6 16 theme N-linked 1155:1162 arg1 glycans 1164:1170 N-linked glycans 1155:1170 N-linked glycans 1155:1170 Thus, an absence of the terminal hexose of N-linked glycans has been closely connected to the progression of prostate cancer. 26880719 7 17 theme groups 1572:1577 arg1 levels 1499:1504 lower levels 1493:1504 lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG 1493:1616 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 9 18 from changes 1847:1853 arg1 IgG 1858:1860 IgG 1858:1860 IgG 1858:1860 Our study indicates that the glycosylation changes in IgG can become useful diagnostic parameters for prostate cancer. 26880719 6 19 link N-linked 1155:1162 arg1 glycans 1164:1170 N-linked glycans 1155:1170 N-linked glycans 1155:1170 Thus, an absence of the terminal hexose of N-linked glycans has been closely connected to the progression of prostate cancer. 26880719 3 20 theme normal 489:494 arg1 subjects 504:511 normal control subjects 489:511 normal control subjects 489:511 IgG purified from the sera of normal control subjects and patients with prostate diseases, was digested with peptide N-glycanase. 26880719 4 21 theme flight 642:647 arg1 spectrometry 654:665 flight mass spectrometry 642:665 flight mass spectrometry 642:665 Released glycans were quantified using MALDI-time of flight mass spectrometry. 26880719 5 22 theme patients 816:823 arg1 chains 806:811 the IgG heavy chains 792:811 the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer 792:844 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 5 23 theme patients 1102:1109 arg1 chains 1046:1051 the heavy chains 1036:1051 the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients 1036:1109 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 6 24 theme terminal 1136:1143 arg1 hexose 1145:1150 the terminal hexose 1132:1150 the terminal hexose of N-linked glycans 1132:1170 Thus, an absence of the terminal hexose of N-linked glycans has been closely connected to the progression of prostate cancer. 26880719 6 25 theme prostate 1221:1228 arg1 cancer 1230:1235 prostate cancer 1221:1235 prostate cancer 1221:1235 Thus, an absence of the terminal hexose of N-linked glycans has been closely connected to the progression of prostate cancer. 26880719 5 26 theme mannose 982:988 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 993:1011 (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 938:1013 (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 938:1013 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 3 27 theme peptide 568:574 arg1 N-glycanase 576:586 peptide N-glycanase 568:586 peptide N-glycanase 568:586 IgG purified from the sera of normal control subjects and patients with prostate diseases, was digested with peptide N-glycanase. 26880719 8 28 theme group 1681:1685 arg1 IgG 1663:1665 IgG 1663:1665 IgG of the cancer group 1663:1685 Meanwhile, wheat germ agglutinin binding to IgG of the cancer group was significantly larger than that for the benign prostatic disease group but smaller than that for normal subjects. 26880719 5 29 theme prostatic 882:890 arg1 patients 900:907 benign prostatic disease patients 875:907 benign prostatic disease patients 875:907 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 7 30 from patients 1314:1321 arg1 IgG 1305:1307 IgG 1305:1307 IgG from patients with prostate cancer 1305:1342 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 7 31 theme acid 1529:1532 arg1 groups 1572:1577 (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups 1509:1577 (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG 1509:1616 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 1 32 from patients 169:176 arg1 Occurrences 83:93 Occurrences 83:93 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer 83:206 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 1 33 theme benign 127:132 arg1 disease 143:149 benign prostate disease 127:149 benign prostate disease 127:149 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 7 34 theme plasmon 1259:1265 arg1 resonance 1267:1275 surface plasmon resonance 1251:1275 surface plasmon resonance analyses 1251:1284 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 5 35 theme heavy 1040:1044 arg1 chains 1046:1051 the heavy chains 1036:1051 the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients 1036:1109 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 5 36 from abundant 1024:1031 arg1 chains 1046:1051 the heavy chains 1036:1051 the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients 1036:1109 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 1 37 from values 159:164 arg1 patients 169:176 patients 169:176 patients with highly suspicious cancer 169:206 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 1 37 from values 159:164 arg1 patients 113:120 patients 113:120 patients with benign prostate disease 113:149 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 7 38 link N-linked 1586:1593 arg1 glycans 1595:1601 the N-linked glycans 1582:1601 the N-linked glycans of patient IgG 1582:1616 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 1 39 theme low 155:157 arg1 values 159:164 low values 155:164 low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer 155:206 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 2 40 with subjects 449:456 arg1 diseases 422:429 prostate diseases 413:429 prostate diseases 413:429 In the search for other complimentary markers, we focused on serum IgG from patients with prostate diseases as well as normal subjects. 26880719 8 41 theme benign 1730:1735 arg1 disease 1747:1753 benign prostatic disease 1730:1753 the benign prostatic disease group 1726:1759 Meanwhile, wheat germ agglutinin binding to IgG of the cancer group was significantly larger than that for the benign prostatic disease group but smaller than that for normal subjects. 26880719 7 42 theme IgG 1614:1616 arg1 glycans 1595:1601 the N-linked glycans 1582:1601 the N-linked glycans of patient IgG 1582:1616 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 5 43 theme mannose 728:734 arg1 compared 846:853 compared 846:853 compared 846:853 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 5 43 theme mannose 728:734 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 739:757 that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 678:759 that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients 678:1109 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 8 44 theme disease 1747:1753 arg1 group 1755:1759 the benign prostatic disease group 1726:1759 the benign prostatic disease group 1726:1759 Meanwhile, wheat germ agglutinin binding to IgG of the cancer group was significantly larger than that for the benign prostatic disease group but smaller than that for normal subjects. 26880719 7 45 theme surface 1251:1257 arg1 resonance 1267:1275 surface plasmon resonance 1251:1275 surface plasmon resonance analyses 1251:1284 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 0 46 theme Glycosylation 0:12 arg1 status 14:19 Glycosylation status 0:19 Glycosylation status of serum immunoglobulin G in patients with prostate diseases. 0:81 Glycosylation status of serum immunoglobulin G in patients with prostate diseases. 26880719 5 47 theme disease 1094:1100 arg1 patients 1102:1109 benign prostatic disease patients 1077:1109 benign prostatic disease patients 1077:1109 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 1 48 with patients 113:120 arg1 disease 143:149 benign prostate disease 127:149 benign prostate disease 127:149 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 5 49 theme healthy 912:918 arg1 subjects 920:927 healthy subjects 912:927 healthy subjects 912:927 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 7 50 theme N-linked 1586:1593 arg1 glycans 1595:1601 the N-linked glycans 1582:1601 the N-linked glycans of patient IgG 1582:1616 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 2 51 theme prostate 413:420 arg1 diseases 422:429 prostate diseases 413:429 prostate diseases 413:429 In the search for other complimentary markers, we focused on serum IgG from patients with prostate diseases as well as normal subjects. 26880719 5 52 theme IgG 796:798 arg1 chains 806:811 the IgG heavy chains 792:811 the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer 792:844 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 1 53 theme values 103:108 arg1 Occurrences 83:93 Occurrences 83:93 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer 83:206 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 7 54 dep Sambucus 1372:1379 arg1 nigra 1381:1385 nigra 1381:1385 nigra 1381:1385 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 0 55 theme immunoglobulin 30:43 arg1 G 45:45 serum immunoglobulin G 24:45 serum immunoglobulin G 24:45 Glycosylation status of serum immunoglobulin G in patients with prostate diseases. 26880719 1 56 theme prostate 306:313 arg1 cancer 315:320 prostate cancer 306:320 prostate cancer 306:320 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 3 57 with patients 517:524 arg1 diseases 540:547 prostate diseases 531:547 prostate diseases 531:547 IgG purified from the sera of normal control subjects and patients with prostate diseases, was digested with peptide N-glycanase. 26880719 7 58 theme disease 1440:1446 arg1 patients 1448:1455 the benign prostatic disease patients 1419:1455 the benign prostatic disease patients 1419:1455 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 5 59 theme deoxyhexose 969:979 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 993:1011 (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 938:1013 (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 938:1013 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 5 60 theme subjects 1064:1071 arg1 chains 1046:1051 the heavy chains 1036:1051 the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients 1036:1109 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 5 61 link N-linked 683:690 arg1 compared 846:853 compared 846:853 compared 846:853 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 5 61 link N-linked 683:690 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 739:757 that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 678:759 that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients 678:1109 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 5 62 from chains 1046:1051 arg1 abundant 1024:1031 abundant 1024:1031 abundant 1024:1031 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 5 63 theme benign 1077:1082 arg1 patients 1102:1109 benign prostatic disease patients 1077:1109 benign prostatic disease patients 1077:1109 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 7 64 from levels 1499:1504 arg1 glycans 1595:1601 the N-linked glycans 1582:1601 the N-linked glycans of patient IgG 1582:1616 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 7 65 theme benign 1423:1428 arg1 patients 1448:1455 the benign prostatic disease patients 1419:1455 the benign prostatic disease patients 1419:1455 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 1 66 from values 103:108 arg1 patients 169:176 patients 169:176 patients with highly suspicious cancer 169:206 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 1 66 from values 103:108 arg1 patients 113:120 patients 113:120 patients with benign prostate disease 113:149 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 5 67 theme N-acetylhexosamine 947:964 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 993:1011 (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 938:1013 (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 938:1013 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 2 68 from patients 399:406 arg1 IgG 390:392 serum IgG 384:392 serum IgG from patients with prostate diseases as well as normal subjects 384:456 In the search for other complimentary markers, we focused on serum IgG from patients with prostate diseases as well as normal subjects. 26880719 4 69 theme Released 589:596 arg1 glycans 598:604 Released glycans 589:604 Released glycans 589:604 Released glycans were quantified using MALDI-time of flight mass spectrometry. 26880719 1 70 dep highly 183:188 arg1 suspicious 190:199 suspicious 190:199 suspicious 190:199 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 3 71 theme control 496:502 arg1 subjects 504:511 normal control subjects 489:511 normal control subjects 489:511 IgG purified from the sera of normal control subjects and patients with prostate diseases, was digested with peptide N-glycanase. 26880719 7 72 contain has 1344:1346 arg2 binding 1360:1366 a decreased binding 1348:1366 a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin 1348:1392 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 7 72 contain has 1344:1346 arg1 IgG 1305:1307 IgG 1305:1307 IgG from patients with prostate cancer 1305:1342 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 1 73 theme prostate-specific 247:263 arg1 antigen 265:271 prostate-specific antigen 247:271 prostate-specific antigen 247:271 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 2 74 with patients 399:406 arg1 diseases 422:429 prostate diseases 413:429 prostate diseases 413:429 In the search for other complimentary markers, we focused on serum IgG from patients with prostate diseases as well as normal subjects. 26880719 2 75 theme other 341:345 arg1 markers 361:367 other complimentary markers 341:367 other complimentary markers 341:367 In the search for other complimentary markers, we focused on serum IgG from patients with prostate diseases as well as normal subjects. 26880719 1 76 theme values 159:164 arg1 Occurrences 83:93 Occurrences 83:93 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer 83:206 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 7 77 from groups 1572:1577 arg1 glycans 1595:1601 the N-linked glycans 1582:1601 the N-linked glycans of patient IgG 1582:1616 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 4 78 theme mass 649:652 arg1 spectrometry 654:665 flight mass spectrometry 642:665 flight mass spectrometry 642:665 Released glycans were quantified using MALDI-time of flight mass spectrometry. 26880719 6 79 theme glycans 1164:1170 arg1 hexose 1145:1150 the terminal hexose 1132:1150 the terminal hexose of N-linked glycans 1132:1170 Thus, an absence of the terminal hexose of N-linked glycans has been closely connected to the progression of prostate cancer. 26880719 8 80 theme wheat 1630:1634 arg1 agglutinin 1641:1650 wheat germ agglutinin 1630:1650 wheat germ agglutinin binding to IgG of the cancer group 1630:1685 Meanwhile, wheat germ agglutinin binding to IgG of the cancer group was significantly larger than that for the benign prostatic disease group but smaller than that for normal subjects. 26880719 7 81 theme galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine 1540:1570 arg1 groups 1572:1577 (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups 1509:1577 (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG 1509:1616 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 9 82 theme glycosylation 1833:1845 arg1 changes 1847:1853 the glycosylation changes 1829:1853 the glycosylation changes in IgG 1829:1860 Our study indicates that the glycosylation changes in IgG can become useful diagnostic parameters for prostate cancer. 26880719 5 83 theme N-acetylhexosamine 693:710 arg1 compared 846:853 compared 846:853 compared 846:853 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 5 83 theme N-acetylhexosamine 693:710 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 739:757 that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 678:759 that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients 678:1109 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 5 84 theme heavy 800:804 arg1 chains 806:811 the IgG heavy chains 792:811 the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer 792:844 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 7 85 theme α2-6 1535:1538 arg1 groups 1572:1577 (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups 1509:1577 (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG 1509:1616 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 6 86 theme hexose 1145:1150 arg1 absence 1121:1127 an absence 1118:1127 an absence of the terminal hexose of N-linked glycans 1118:1170 Thus, an absence of the terminal hexose of N-linked glycans has been closely connected to the progression of prostate cancer. 26880719 6 87 theme cancer 1230:1235 arg1 progression 1206:1216 the progression 1202:1216 the progression of prostate cancer 1202:1235 Thus, an absence of the terminal hexose of N-linked glycans has been closely connected to the progression of prostate cancer. 26880719 5 88 theme benign 875:880 arg1 patients 900:907 benign prostatic disease patients 875:907 benign prostatic disease patients 875:907 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 7 89 theme N-acetylneuraminic 1510:1527 arg1 acid 1529:1532 N-acetylneuraminic acid 1510:1532 (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG 1509:1616 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 7 90 from glycans 1595:1601 arg1 levels 1499:1504 lower levels 1493:1504 lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG 1493:1616 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 9 91 theme useful 1873:1878 arg1 parameters 1891:1900 useful diagnostic parameters 1873:1900 useful diagnostic parameters for prostate cancer 1873:1920 Our study indicates that the glycosylation changes in IgG can become useful diagnostic parameters for prostate cancer. 26880719 5 92 theme N-linked 683:690 arg1 compared 846:853 compared 846:853 compared 846:853 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 5 92 theme N-linked 683:690 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 739:757 that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 678:759 that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients 678:1109 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 8 93 theme cancer 1674:1679 arg1 group 1681:1685 the cancer group 1670:1685 the cancer group 1670:1685 Meanwhile, wheat germ agglutinin binding to IgG of the cancer group was significantly larger than that for the benign prostatic disease group but smaller than that for normal subjects. 26880719 5 94 theme disease 892:898 arg1 patients 900:907 benign prostatic disease patients 875:907 benign prostatic disease patients 875:907 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 0 95 theme prostate 64:71 arg1 diseases 73:80 prostate diseases 64:80 prostate diseases 64:80 Glycosylation status of serum immunoglobulin G in patients with prostate diseases. 26880719 1 96 theme highly 183:188 arg1 cancer 201:206 highly suspicious cancer 183:206 highly suspicious cancer 183:206 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 1 97 theme prostate 134:141 arg1 disease 143:149 benign prostate disease 127:149 benign prostate disease 127:149 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 7 98 theme lower 1493:1497 arg1 levels 1499:1504 lower levels 1493:1504 lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG 1493:1616 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 7 99 theme resonance 1267:1275 arg1 analyses 1277:1284 surface plasmon resonance analyses 1251:1284 surface plasmon resonance analyses 1251:1284 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 9 100 theme prostate 1906:1913 arg1 cancer 1915:1920 prostate cancer 1906:1920 prostate cancer 1906:1920 Our study indicates that the glycosylation changes in IgG can become useful diagnostic parameters for prostate cancer. 26880719 0 101 from status 14:19 arg1 patients 50:57 patients 50:57 patients with prostate diseases 50:80 Glycosylation status of serum immunoglobulin G in patients with prostate diseases. 26880719 5 102 theme deoxyhexose 715:725 arg1 compared 846:853 compared 846:853 compared 846:853 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 5 102 theme deoxyhexose 715:725 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 739:757 that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 678:759 that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients 678:1109 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 5 103 theme healthy 1056:1062 arg1 subjects 1064:1071 healthy subjects 1056:1071 healthy subjects 1056:1071 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 7 104 theme normal 1465:1470 arg1 subjects 1472:1479 normal subjects 1465:1479 normal subjects 1465:1479 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 2 105 from subjects 449:456 arg1 IgG 390:392 serum IgG 384:392 serum IgG from patients with prostate diseases as well as normal subjects 384:456 In the search for other complimentary markers, we focused on serum IgG from patients with prostate diseases as well as normal subjects. 26880719 5 106 theme hexose 939:944 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 993:1011 (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 938:1013 (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 938:1013 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 2 107 theme serum 384:388 arg1 IgG 390:392 serum IgG 384:392 serum IgG from patients with prostate diseases as well as normal subjects 384:456 In the search for other complimentary markers, we focused on serum IgG from patients with prostate diseases as well as normal subjects. 26880719 7 108 with patients 1314:1321 arg1 cancer 1337:1342 prostate cancer 1328:1342 prostate cancer 1328:1342 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 8 109 theme prostatic 1737:1745 arg1 disease 1747:1753 benign prostatic disease 1730:1753 the benign prostatic disease group 1726:1759 Meanwhile, wheat germ agglutinin binding to IgG of the cancer group was significantly larger than that for the benign prostatic disease group but smaller than that for normal subjects. 26880719 7 110 theme patient 1606:1612 arg1 IgG 1614:1616 patient IgG 1606:1616 patient IgG 1606:1616 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 0 111 theme serum 24:28 arg1 G 45:45 serum immunoglobulin G 24:45 serum immunoglobulin G 24:45 Glycosylation status of serum immunoglobulin G in patients with prostate diseases. 26880719 1 112 theme diagnostic 285:294 arg1 marker 296:301 an early diagnostic marker 276:301 an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer 276:320 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 1 112 theme diagnostic 285:294 arg1 trustworthiness 228:242 the trustworthiness 224:242 the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen 224:271 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 1 113 from patients 113:120 arg1 Occurrences 83:93 Occurrences 83:93 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer 83:206 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 1 114 theme high 98:101 arg1 values 103:108 high values 98:108 high values in patients with benign prostate disease 98:149 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 5 115 with patients 816:823 arg1 cancer 839:844 prostate cancer 830:844 prostate cancer 830:844 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 0 116 theme G 45:45 arg1 status 14:19 Glycosylation status 0:19 Glycosylation status of serum immunoglobulin G in patients with prostate diseases. 0:81 Glycosylation status of serum immunoglobulin G in patients with prostate diseases. 26880719 1 117 theme cancer 315:320 arg1 marker 296:301 an early diagnostic marker 276:301 an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer 276:320 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 1 117 theme cancer 315:320 arg1 trustworthiness 228:242 the trustworthiness 224:242 the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen 224:271 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 1 118 with patients 169:176 arg1 cancer 201:206 highly suspicious cancer 183:206 highly suspicious cancer 183:206 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 2 119 theme normal 442:447 arg1 subjects 449:456 normal subjects 442:456 patients with prostate diseases as well as normal subjects 399:456 In the search for other complimentary markers, we focused on serum IgG from patients with prostate diseases as well as normal subjects. 26880719 5 120 theme prostatic 1084:1092 arg1 patients 1102:1109 benign prostatic disease patients 1077:1109 benign prostatic disease patients 1077:1109 We report that N-linked (N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N-acetylhexosamine)2 (deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N-acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. 26880719 7 121 theme prostatic 1430:1438 arg1 patients 1448:1455 the benign prostatic disease patients 1419:1455 the benign prostatic disease patients 1419:1455 Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N-acetylneuraminic acid)(α2-6)galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine groups in the N-linked glycans of patient IgG. 26880719 0 122 with patients 50:57 arg1 diseases 73:80 prostate diseases 64:80 prostate diseases 64:80 Glycosylation status of serum immunoglobulin G in patients with prostate diseases. 26880719 1 123 from Occurrences 83:93 arg1 patients 169:176 patients 169:176 patients with highly suspicious cancer 169:206 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 1 123 from Occurrences 83:93 arg1 patients 113:120 patients 113:120 patients with benign prostate disease 113:149 Occurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate-specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 26880719 3 124 theme subjects 504:511 arg1 sera 481:484 the sera 477:484 the sera of normal control subjects and patients with prostate diseases 477:547 IgG purified from the sera of normal control subjects and patients with prostate diseases, was digested with peptide N-glycanase. 25791508 0 0 theme N-linked 93:100 arg1 derivatives 122:132 N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives 93:132 N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives 93:132 Iodine-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of indoles and azoles: regioselective synthesis of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives. 25791508 1 1 theme iodine-catalyzed 154:169 arg1 cross-coupling 196:209 A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed regioselective oxidative cross-coupling 135:209 A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed regioselective oxidative cross-coupling of an indole C-H bond and azole N-H bond 135:250 A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed regioselective oxidative cross-coupling of an indole C-H bond and azole N-H bond is described. 25791508 1 2 theme regioselective 171:184 arg1 cross-coupling 196:209 A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed regioselective oxidative cross-coupling 135:209 A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed regioselective oxidative cross-coupling of an indole C-H bond and azole N-H bond 135:250 A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed regioselective oxidative cross-coupling of an indole C-H bond and azole N-H bond is described. 25791508 2 3 from derivatives 442:452 arg1 yields 480:485 moderate to excellence yields 457:485 moderate to excellence yields 457:485 This metal-free reaction can be easily carried out at room temperature under mild and environmentally friendly conditions and provides a series of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives in moderate to excellence yields. 25791508 2 4 theme friendly 368:375 arg1 conditions 377:386 mild and environmentally friendly conditions 343:386 mild and environmentally friendly conditions 343:386 This metal-free reaction can be easily carried out at room temperature under mild and environmentally friendly conditions and provides a series of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives in moderate to excellence yields. 25791508 1 5 theme oxidative 186:194 arg1 cross-coupling 196:209 A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed regioselective oxidative cross-coupling 135:209 A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed regioselective oxidative cross-coupling of an indole C-H bond and azole N-H bond 135:250 A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed regioselective oxidative cross-coupling of an indole C-H bond and azole N-H bond is described. 25791508 2 6 theme moderate 457:464 arg1 yields 480:485 moderate to excellence yields 457:485 moderate to excellence yields 457:485 This metal-free reaction can be easily carried out at room temperature under mild and environmentally friendly conditions and provides a series of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives in moderate to excellence yields. 25791508 2 7 from yields 480:485 arg1 series 403:408 a series 401:408 a series of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives in moderate to excellence yields 401:485 This metal-free reaction can be easily carried out at room temperature under mild and environmentally friendly conditions and provides a series of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives in moderate to excellence yields. 25791508 2 8 theme derivatives 442:452 arg1 series 403:408 a series 401:408 a series of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives in moderate to excellence yields 401:485 This metal-free reaction can be easily carried out at room temperature under mild and environmentally friendly conditions and provides a series of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives in moderate to excellence yields. 25791508 0 9 theme oxidative 17:25 arg1 cross-coupling 27:40 Iodine-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling 0:40 Iodine-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of indoles and azoles: regioselective synthesis of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives. 0:133 Iodine-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of indoles and azoles: regioselective synthesis of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives. 25791508 2 10 theme room 320:323 arg1 temperature 325:335 room temperature 320:335 room temperature 320:335 This metal-free reaction can be easily carried out at room temperature under mild and environmentally friendly conditions and provides a series of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives in moderate to excellence yields. 25791508 0 11 theme Iodine-catalyzed 0:15 arg1 cross-coupling 27:40 Iodine-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling 0:40 Iodine-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of indoles and azoles: regioselective synthesis of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives. 0:133 Iodine-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of indoles and azoles: regioselective synthesis of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives. 25791508 0 12 theme derivatives 122:132 arg1 synthesis 80:88 regioselective synthesis 65:88 Iodine-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of indoles and azoles: regioselective synthesis of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives. 0:133 Iodine-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of indoles and azoles: regioselective synthesis of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives. 25791508 1 13 theme indole 217:222 arg1 bond 228:231 an indole C-H bond 214:231 an indole C-H bond 214:231 A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed regioselective oxidative cross-coupling of an indole C-H bond and azole N-H bond is described. 25791508 0 14 theme indole 115:120 arg1 derivatives 122:132 N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives 93:132 N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives 93:132 Iodine-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of indoles and azoles: regioselective synthesis of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives. 25791508 2 15 theme environmentally 352:366 arg1 conditions 377:386 mild and environmentally friendly conditions 343:386 mild and environmentally friendly conditions 343:386 This metal-free reaction can be easily carried out at room temperature under mild and environmentally friendly conditions and provides a series of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives in moderate to excellence yields. 25791508 1 16 theme C-H 224:226 arg1 bond 228:231 an indole C-H bond 214:231 an indole C-H bond 214:231 A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed regioselective oxidative cross-coupling of an indole C-H bond and azole N-H bond is described. 25791508 1 17 theme bond 228:231 arg1 cross-coupling 196:209 A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed regioselective oxidative cross-coupling 135:209 A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed regioselective oxidative cross-coupling of an indole C-H bond and azole N-H bond 135:250 A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed regioselective oxidative cross-coupling of an indole C-H bond and azole N-H bond is described. 25791508 0 18 theme indoles 45:51 arg1 cross-coupling 27:40 Iodine-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling 0:40 Iodine-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of indoles and azoles: regioselective synthesis of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives. 0:133 Iodine-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of indoles and azoles: regioselective synthesis of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives. 25791508 2 19 dep N-linked 413:420 arg1 indole 435:440 indole 435:440 indole 435:440 This metal-free reaction can be easily carried out at room temperature under mild and environmentally friendly conditions and provides a series of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives in moderate to excellence yields. 25791508 0 20 link N-linked 93:100 arg1 derivatives 122:132 N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives 93:132 N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives 93:132 Iodine-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of indoles and azoles: regioselective synthesis of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives. 25791508 2 21 theme N-linked 413:420 arg1 derivatives 442:452 N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives 413:452 N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives in moderate to excellence yields 413:485 This metal-free reaction can be easily carried out at room temperature under mild and environmentally friendly conditions and provides a series of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives in moderate to excellence yields. 25791508 0 22 theme azoles 57:62 arg1 cross-coupling 27:40 Iodine-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling 0:40 Iodine-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of indoles and azoles: regioselective synthesis of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives. 0:133 Iodine-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of indoles and azoles: regioselective synthesis of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives. 25791508 2 23 theme mild 343:346 arg1 conditions 377:386 mild and environmentally friendly conditions 343:386 mild and environmentally friendly conditions 343:386 This metal-free reaction can be easily carried out at room temperature under mild and environmentally friendly conditions and provides a series of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives in moderate to excellence yields. 25791508 2 24 link N-linked 413:420 arg1 derivatives 442:452 N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives 413:452 N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives in moderate to excellence yields 413:485 This metal-free reaction can be easily carried out at room temperature under mild and environmentally friendly conditions and provides a series of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives in moderate to excellence yields. 25791508 2 25 theme metal-free 271:280 arg1 reaction 282:289 This metal-free reaction 266:289 This metal-free reaction 266:289 This metal-free reaction can be easily carried out at room temperature under mild and environmentally friendly conditions and provides a series of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives in moderate to excellence yields. 25791508 2 26 from series 403:408 arg1 yields 480:485 moderate to excellence yields 457:485 moderate to excellence yields 457:485 This metal-free reaction can be easily carried out at room temperature under mild and environmentally friendly conditions and provides a series of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives in moderate to excellence yields. 25791508 1 27 theme azole 237:241 arg1 bond 247:250 azole N-H bond 237:250 azole N-H bond 237:250 A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed regioselective oxidative cross-coupling of an indole C-H bond and azole N-H bond is described. 25791508 0 28 dep cross-coupling 27:40 arg1 synthesis 80:88 regioselective synthesis 65:88 Iodine-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of indoles and azoles: regioselective synthesis of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives. 0:133 Iodine-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of indoles and azoles: regioselective synthesis of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives. 25791508 1 29 theme N-H 243:245 arg1 bond 247:250 azole N-H bond 237:250 azole N-H bond 237:250 A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed regioselective oxidative cross-coupling of an indole C-H bond and azole N-H bond is described. 25791508 1 30 theme bond 247:250 arg1 cross-coupling 196:209 A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed regioselective oxidative cross-coupling 135:209 A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed regioselective oxidative cross-coupling of an indole C-H bond and azole N-H bond 135:250 A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed regioselective oxidative cross-coupling of an indole C-H bond and azole N-H bond is described. 25791508 0 31 theme regioselective 65:78 arg1 synthesis 80:88 regioselective synthesis 65:88 Iodine-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of indoles and azoles: regioselective synthesis of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives. 0:133 Iodine-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of indoles and azoles: regioselective synthesis of N-linked 2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives. 25791508 1 32 theme efficient 144:152 arg1 cross-coupling 196:209 A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed regioselective oxidative cross-coupling 135:209 A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed regioselective oxidative cross-coupling of an indole C-H bond and azole N-H bond 135:250 A highly efficient iodine-catalyzed regioselective oxidative cross-coupling of an indole C-H bond and azole N-H bond is described. 29065263 0 0 theme Triethylsilyl 103:115 arg1 Groups 125:130 Triethylsilyl Capping Groups 103:130 Triethylsilyl Capping Groups 103:130 The Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alder-Ene Reactions of O- and N-Linked 1,6-Enynes Incorporating Triethylsilyl Capping Groups. 29065263 1 1 theme intramolecular 247:260 arg1 reaction 279:286 a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction 225:286 a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction 225:286 A series of O- and N-linked 1,6-enynes (e.g., 11) have been prepared with each subjected to a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction, thus producing the isomeric and cyclic 1,4-diene (e.g., 12). 29065263 2 2 dep iododesilylation 546:561 arg1 give 567:570 give 567:570 give 567:570 These processes proceed most effectively when a triethylsilyl group is attached to the alkyne moiety and so generating alkenylsilanes that can be manipulated in various useful ways, including via iododesilylation (to give, for example, iodoalkene 62). 29065263 1 3 theme Alder-ene 262:270 arg1 reaction 279:286 a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction 225:286 a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction 225:286 A series of O- and N-linked 1,6-enynes (e.g., 11) have been prepared with each subjected to a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction, thus producing the isomeric and cyclic 1,4-diene (e.g., 12). 29065263 0 4 theme Capping 117:123 arg1 Groups 125:130 Triethylsilyl Capping Groups 103:130 Triethylsilyl Capping Groups 103:130 The Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alder-Ene Reactions of O- and N-Linked 1,6-Enynes Incorporating Triethylsilyl Capping Groups. 29065263 1 5 theme IMAE 273:276 arg1 reaction 279:286 a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction 225:286 a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction 225:286 A series of O- and N-linked 1,6-enynes (e.g., 11) have been prepared with each subjected to a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction, thus producing the isomeric and cyclic 1,4-diene (e.g., 12). 29065263 2 6 attach attached 421:428 arg2 group 412:416 a triethylsilyl group 396:416 a triethylsilyl group 396:416 These processes proceed most effectively when a triethylsilyl group is attached to the alkyne moiety and so generating alkenylsilanes that can be manipulated in various useful ways, including via iododesilylation (to give, for example, iodoalkene 62). 29065263 2 6 attach attached 421:428 arg1 moiety 444:449 the alkyne moiety 433:449 the alkyne moiety 433:449 These processes proceed most effectively when a triethylsilyl group is attached to the alkyne moiety and so generating alkenylsilanes that can be manipulated in various useful ways, including via iododesilylation (to give, for example, iodoalkene 62). 29065263 0 7 theme Palladium-Catalyzed 4:22 arg1 Reactions 49:57 The Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alder-Ene Reactions 0:57 The Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alder-Ene Reactions of O- and N-Linked 1,6-Enynes 0:87 The Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alder-Ene Reactions of O- and N-Linked 1,6-Enynes Incorporating Triethylsilyl Capping Groups. 29065263 2 8 theme useful 519:524 arg1 ways 526:529 various useful ways 511:529 various useful ways 511:529 These processes proceed most effectively when a triethylsilyl group is attached to the alkyne moiety and so generating alkenylsilanes that can be manipulated in various useful ways, including via iododesilylation (to give, for example, iodoalkene 62). 29065263 0 9 theme Alder-Ene 39:47 arg1 Reactions 49:57 The Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alder-Ene Reactions 0:57 The Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alder-Ene Reactions of O- and N-Linked 1,6-Enynes 0:87 The Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alder-Ene Reactions of O- and N-Linked 1,6-Enynes Incorporating Triethylsilyl Capping Groups. 29065263 2 10 theme triethylsilyl 398:410 arg1 group 412:416 a triethylsilyl group 396:416 a triethylsilyl group 396:416 These processes proceed most effectively when a triethylsilyl group is attached to the alkyne moiety and so generating alkenylsilanes that can be manipulated in various useful ways, including via iododesilylation (to give, for example, iodoalkene 62). 29065263 0 11 theme Intramolecular 24:37 arg1 Reactions 49:57 The Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alder-Ene Reactions 0:57 The Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alder-Ene Reactions of O- and N-Linked 1,6-Enynes 0:87 The Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alder-Ene Reactions of O- and N-Linked 1,6-Enynes Incorporating Triethylsilyl Capping Groups. 29065263 1 12 link N-linked 152:159 arg1 1,6-enynes 161:170 N-linked 1,6-enynes 152:170 N-linked 1,6-enynes (e.g., 11) 152:181 A series of O- and N-linked 1,6-enynes (e.g., 11) have been prepared with each subjected to a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction, thus producing the isomeric and cyclic 1,4-diene (e.g., 12). 29065263 1 12 link N-linked 152:159 arg1 11 179:180 11 179:180 11 179:180 A series of O- and N-linked 1,6-enynes (e.g., 11) have been prepared with each subjected to a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction, thus producing the isomeric and cyclic 1,4-diene (e.g., 12). 29065263 2 13 theme various 511:517 arg1 ways 526:529 various useful ways 511:529 various useful ways 511:529 These processes proceed most effectively when a triethylsilyl group is attached to the alkyne moiety and so generating alkenylsilanes that can be manipulated in various useful ways, including via iododesilylation (to give, for example, iodoalkene 62). 29065263 2 14 theme alkyne 437:442 arg1 moiety 444:449 the alkyne moiety 433:449 the alkyne moiety 433:449 These processes proceed most effectively when a triethylsilyl group is attached to the alkyne moiety and so generating alkenylsilanes that can be manipulated in various useful ways, including via iododesilylation (to give, for example, iodoalkene 62). 29065263 0 15 theme O- 62:63 arg1 Reactions 49:57 The Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alder-Ene Reactions 0:57 The Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alder-Ene Reactions of O- and N-Linked 1,6-Enynes 0:87 The Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alder-Ene Reactions of O- and N-Linked 1,6-Enynes Incorporating Triethylsilyl Capping Groups. 29065263 1 16 theme isomeric 308:315 arg1 12 345:346 12 345:346 12 345:346 A series of O- and N-linked 1,6-enynes (e.g., 11) have been prepared with each subjected to a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction, thus producing the isomeric and cyclic 1,4-diene (e.g., 12). 29065263 1 16 theme isomeric 308:315 arg1 1,4-diene 328:336 the isomeric and cyclic 1,4-diene 304:336 the isomeric and cyclic 1,4-diene (e.g., 12) 304:347 A series of O- and N-linked 1,6-enynes (e.g., 11) have been prepared with each subjected to a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction, thus producing the isomeric and cyclic 1,4-diene (e.g., 12). 29065263 1 17 dep 11 179:180 arg1 e.g. 173:176 e.g. 173:176 e.g. 173:176 A series of O- and N-linked 1,6-enynes (e.g., 11) have been prepared with each subjected to a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction, thus producing the isomeric and cyclic 1,4-diene (e.g., 12). 29065263 1 18 dep 12 345:346 arg1 e.g. 339:342 e.g. 339:342 e.g. 339:342 A series of O- and N-linked 1,6-enynes (e.g., 11) have been prepared with each subjected to a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction, thus producing the isomeric and cyclic 1,4-diene (e.g., 12). 29065263 1 19 theme O- 145:146 arg1 1,6-enynes 161:170 N-linked 1,6-enynes 152:170 N-linked 1,6-enynes (e.g., 11) 152:181 A series of O- and N-linked 1,6-enynes (e.g., 11) have been prepared with each subjected to a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction, thus producing the isomeric and cyclic 1,4-diene (e.g., 12). 29065263 1 19 theme O- 145:146 arg1 series 135:140 A series 133:140 A series of O- 133:146 A series of O- and N-linked 1,6-enynes (e.g., 11) have been prepared with each subjected to a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction, thus producing the isomeric and cyclic 1,4-diene (e.g., 12). 29065263 1 19 theme O- 145:146 arg1 11 179:180 11 179:180 11 179:180 A series of O- and N-linked 1,6-enynes (e.g., 11) have been prepared with each subjected to a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction, thus producing the isomeric and cyclic 1,4-diene (e.g., 12). 29065263 0 20 theme 1,6-Enynes 78:87 arg1 Reactions 49:57 The Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alder-Ene Reactions 0:57 The Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alder-Ene Reactions of O- and N-Linked 1,6-Enynes 0:87 The Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alder-Ene Reactions of O- and N-Linked 1,6-Enynes Incorporating Triethylsilyl Capping Groups. 29065263 1 21 theme N-linked 152:159 arg1 1,6-enynes 161:170 N-linked 1,6-enynes 152:170 N-linked 1,6-enynes (e.g., 11) 152:181 A series of O- and N-linked 1,6-enynes (e.g., 11) have been prepared with each subjected to a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction, thus producing the isomeric and cyclic 1,4-diene (e.g., 12). 29065263 1 21 theme N-linked 152:159 arg1 11 179:180 11 179:180 11 179:180 A series of O- and N-linked 1,6-enynes (e.g., 11) have been prepared with each subjected to a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction, thus producing the isomeric and cyclic 1,4-diene (e.g., 12). 29065263 0 22 theme N-Linked 69:76 arg1 1,6-Enynes 78:87 N-Linked 1,6-Enynes 69:87 N-Linked 1,6-Enynes 69:87 The Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alder-Ene Reactions of O- and N-Linked 1,6-Enynes Incorporating Triethylsilyl Capping Groups. 29065263 1 23 theme cyclic 321:326 arg1 12 345:346 12 345:346 12 345:346 A series of O- and N-linked 1,6-enynes (e.g., 11) have been prepared with each subjected to a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction, thus producing the isomeric and cyclic 1,4-diene (e.g., 12). 29065263 1 23 theme cyclic 321:326 arg1 1,4-diene 328:336 the isomeric and cyclic 1,4-diene 304:336 the isomeric and cyclic 1,4-diene (e.g., 12) 304:347 A series of O- and N-linked 1,6-enynes (e.g., 11) have been prepared with each subjected to a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction, thus producing the isomeric and cyclic 1,4-diene (e.g., 12). 29065263 1 24 theme palladium-catalyzed 227:245 arg1 reaction 279:286 a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction 225:286 a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction 225:286 A series of O- and N-linked 1,6-enynes (e.g., 11) have been prepared with each subjected to a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Alder-ene (IMAE) reaction, thus producing the isomeric and cyclic 1,4-diene (e.g., 12). 29081917 0 0 theme matrix 81:86 arg1 composition 88:98 extracellular matrix composition 67:98 extracellular matrix composition 67:98 Inactivation of genes TEC1 and EFG1 in Candida albicans influences extracellular matrix composition and biofilm morphology. 29081917 1 1 theme Candida 157:163 arg1 spp 165:167 Candida spp 157:167 Candida spp 157:167 Background: Infections caused by Candida spp. 29081917 10 2 theme Δ/Δ 1298:1300 arg1 tec1 1302:1305 Δ/Δ tec1 1298:1305 Δ/Δ tec1 1298:1305 In Δ/Δ tec1, ASP correlated with eDNA (r = 0.678). 29081917 0 3 theme extracellular 67:79 arg1 composition 88:98 extracellular matrix composition 67:98 extracellular matrix composition 67:98 Inactivation of genes TEC1 and EFG1 in Candida albicans influences extracellular matrix composition and biofilm morphology. 29081917 8 4 from proteins 1105:1112 arg1 strain 1136:1141 the WT strain 1129:1141 the WT strain 1129:1141 The protein correlated with ASPs (r = 0.666) and with matrix proteins (r = 0.670) in the WT strain. 29081917 4 5 theme proteins 650:657 arg1 part 622:625 insoluble part 612:625 insoluble part of biofilms and matrix proteins 612:657 Colony-forming units (cfu), total biomass (mg), water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs), alkali-soluble polysaccharides (ASPs), proteins (insoluble part of biofilms and matrix proteins), and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were quantified. 29081917 4 6 theme Colony-forming 477:490 arg1 cfu 499:501 cfu 499:501 cfu 499:501 Colony-forming units (cfu), total biomass (mg), water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs), alkali-soluble polysaccharides (ASPs), proteins (insoluble part of biofilms and matrix proteins), and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were quantified. 29081917 4 6 theme Colony-forming 477:490 arg1 units 492:496 Colony-forming units 477:496 Colony-forming units (cfu) 477:502 Colony-forming units (cfu), total biomass (mg), water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs), alkali-soluble polysaccharides (ASPs), proteins (insoluble part of biofilms and matrix proteins), and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were quantified. 29081917 7 7 theme Δ/Δ 1018:1020 arg1 14.7 ± 5.0 µg 1028:1040 14.7 ± 5.0 µg 1028:1040 14.7 ± 5.0 µg 1028:1040 Results: ASP content was highest in WT (mean ± SD: 74.5 ± 22.0 µg), followed by Δ/Δ tec1 (44.0 ± 24.1 µg) and Δ/Δ efg1 (14.7 ± 5.0 µg). 29081917 7 7 theme Δ/Δ 1018:1020 arg1 efg1 1022:1025 Δ/Δ efg1 1018:1025 Δ/Δ efg1 (14.7 ± 5.0 µg) 1018:1041 Results: ASP content was highest in WT (mean ± SD: 74.5 ± 22.0 µg), followed by Δ/Δ tec1 (44.0 ± 24.1 µg) and Δ/Δ efg1 (14.7 ± 5.0 µg). 29081917 0 8 from Inactivation 0:11 arg1 albicans 47:54 Candida albicans 39:54 Candida albicans 39:54 Inactivation of genes TEC1 and EFG1 in Candida albicans influences extracellular matrix composition and biofilm morphology. 29081917 7 9 theme mean 948:951 arg1 ± SD 953:956 mean ± SD 948:956 mean ± SD: 74.5 ± 22.0 µg 948:972 Results: ASP content was highest in WT (mean ± SD: 74.5 ± 22.0 µg), followed by Δ/Δ tec1 (44.0 ± 24.1 µg) and Δ/Δ efg1 (14.7 ± 5.0 µg). 29081917 4 10 theme biofilms 630:637 arg1 part 622:625 insoluble part 612:625 insoluble part of biofilms and matrix proteins 612:657 Colony-forming units (cfu), total biomass (mg), water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs), alkali-soluble polysaccharides (ASPs), proteins (insoluble part of biofilms and matrix proteins), and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were quantified. 29081917 11 11 attach linked 1380:1385 arg2 production 1362:1371 ASP production 1358:1371 ASP production 1358:1371 Conclusion: ASP production may be linked to C. albicans cell filamentous morphology. 29081917 11 11 attach linked 1380:1385 arg1 morphology 1419:1428 C. albicans cell filamentous morphology 1390:1428 C. albicans cell filamentous morphology 1390:1428 Conclusion: ASP production may be linked to C. albicans cell filamentous morphology. 29081917 9 12 from population 1148:1157 arg1 efg1 1166:1169 Δ/Δ efg1 1162:1169 Δ/Δ efg1 correlated with the protein (r = 0.734) and its biofilms 1162:1226 The population in Δ/Δ efg1 correlated with the protein (r = 0.734) and its biofilms exhibited the lowest biomass and biovolume, and maximum thickness. 29081917 5 13 theme scanning 767:774 arg1 microscopy 782:791 confocal scanning laser microscopy 758:791 confocal scanning laser microscopy 758:791 Variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy were performed. 29081917 2 14 theme extracellular 304:316 arg1 ECM 326:328 ECM 326:328 ECM 326:328 have been associated with formation of a biofilm, i.e. a complex microstructure of cells adhering to a surface and embedded within an extracellular matrix (ECM). 29081917 2 14 theme extracellular 304:316 arg1 matrix 318:323 an extracellular matrix 301:323 an extracellular matrix (ECM) 301:329 have been associated with formation of a biofilm, i.e. a complex microstructure of cells adhering to a surface and embedded within an extracellular matrix (ECM). 29081917 4 15 theme alkali-soluble 563:576 arg1 ASPs 595:598 ASPs 595:598 ASPs 595:598 Colony-forming units (cfu), total biomass (mg), water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs), alkali-soluble polysaccharides (ASPs), proteins (insoluble part of biofilms and matrix proteins), and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were quantified. 29081917 4 15 theme alkali-soluble 563:576 arg1 polysaccharides 578:592 alkali-soluble polysaccharides 563:592 alkali-soluble polysaccharides (ASPs) 563:599 Colony-forming units (cfu), total biomass (mg), water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs), alkali-soluble polysaccharides (ASPs), proteins (insoluble part of biofilms and matrix proteins), and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were quantified. 29081917 3 16 dep wild-type 355:363 arg1 SN425 370:374 SN425 370:374 SN425 370:374 Methods: The ECMs of a wild-type (WT, SN425) and two Candida albicans mutant strains, Δ/Δ tec1 (CJN2330) and Δ/Δ efg1 (CJN2302), were evaluated. 29081917 3 16 dep wild-type 355:363 arg1 WT 366:367 WT 366:367 WT 366:367 Methods: The ECMs of a wild-type (WT, SN425) and two Candida albicans mutant strains, Δ/Δ tec1 (CJN2330) and Δ/Δ efg1 (CJN2302), were evaluated. 29081917 3 16 dep wild-type 355:363 arg1 strains 409:415 mutant strains 402:415 mutant strains 402:415 Methods: The ECMs of a wild-type (WT, SN425) and two Candida albicans mutant strains, Δ/Δ tec1 (CJN2330) and Δ/Δ efg1 (CJN2302), were evaluated. 29081917 4 17 theme matrix 643:648 arg1 proteins 650:657 matrix proteins 643:657 matrix proteins 643:657 Colony-forming units (cfu), total biomass (mg), water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs), alkali-soluble polysaccharides (ASPs), proteins (insoluble part of biofilms and matrix proteins), and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were quantified. 29081917 2 18 dep microstructure 235:248 arg1 i.e. 220:223 i.e. 220:223 i.e. 220:223 have been associated with formation of a biofilm, i.e. a complex microstructure of cells adhering to a surface and embedded within an extracellular matrix (ECM). 29081917 0 19 theme biofilm 104:110 arg1 morphology 112:121 biofilm morphology 104:121 biofilm morphology 104:121 Inactivation of genes TEC1 and EFG1 in Candida albicans influences extracellular matrix composition and biofilm morphology. 29081917 5 20 theme laser 776:780 arg1 microscopy 782:791 confocal scanning laser microscopy 758:791 confocal scanning laser microscopy 758:791 Variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy were performed. 29081917 1 21 dep Background 124:133 arg1 Infections 136:145 Infections 136:145 Background: Infections caused by Candida spp. 124:168 Background: Infections caused by Candida spp. 29081917 4 22 theme water-soluble 525:537 arg1 polysaccharides 539:553 water-soluble polysaccharides 525:553 water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs) 525:560 Colony-forming units (cfu), total biomass (mg), water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs), alkali-soluble polysaccharides (ASPs), proteins (insoluble part of biofilms and matrix proteins), and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were quantified. 29081917 4 22 theme water-soluble 525:537 arg1 WSPs 556:559 WSPs 556:559 WSPs 556:559 Colony-forming units (cfu), total biomass (mg), water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs), alkali-soluble polysaccharides (ASPs), proteins (insoluble part of biofilms and matrix proteins), and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were quantified. 29081917 11 23 theme filamentous 1407:1417 arg1 morphology 1419:1428 C. albicans cell filamentous morphology 1390:1428 C. albicans cell filamentous morphology 1390:1428 Conclusion: ASP production may be linked to C. albicans cell filamentous morphology. 29081917 4 24 dep proteins 602:609 arg1 part 622:625 insoluble part 612:625 insoluble part of biofilms and matrix proteins 612:657 Colony-forming units (cfu), total biomass (mg), water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs), alkali-soluble polysaccharides (ASPs), proteins (insoluble part of biofilms and matrix proteins), and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were quantified. 29081917 5 25 theme electron 734:741 arg1 microscopy 743:752 Variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy 707:752 Variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy 707:752 Variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy were performed. 29081917 7 26 dep ± SD 953:956 arg1 74.5 ± 22.0 µg 959:972 74.5 ± 22.0 µg 959:972 mean ± SD: 74.5 ± 22.0 µg 948:972 Results: ASP content was highest in WT (mean ± SD: 74.5 ± 22.0 µg), followed by Δ/Δ tec1 (44.0 ± 24.1 µg) and Δ/Δ efg1 (14.7 ± 5.0 µg). 29081917 6 27 theme maximum 837:843 arg1 μm 856:857 μm 856:857 μm 856:857 The biovolume (μm3/μm2) and maximum thickness (μm) of the biofilms were quantified using COMSTAT2. 29081917 6 27 theme maximum 837:843 arg1 thickness 845:853 maximum thickness 837:853 maximum thickness (μm) 837:858 The biovolume (μm3/μm2) and maximum thickness (μm) of the biofilms were quantified using COMSTAT2. 29081917 8 28 theme matrix 1098:1103 arg1 r = 0.670 1115:1123 r = 0.670 1115:1123 r = 0.670 1115:1123 The protein correlated with ASPs (r = 0.666) and with matrix proteins (r = 0.670) in the WT strain. 29081917 8 28 theme matrix 1098:1103 arg1 proteins 1105:1112 matrix proteins 1098:1112 matrix proteins (r = 0.670) in the WT strain 1098:1141 The protein correlated with ASPs (r = 0.666) and with matrix proteins (r = 0.670) in the WT strain. 29081917 3 29 theme mutant 402:407 arg1 strains 409:415 mutant strains 402:415 mutant strains 402:415 Methods: The ECMs of a wild-type (WT, SN425) and two Candida albicans mutant strains, Δ/Δ tec1 (CJN2330) and Δ/Δ efg1 (CJN2302), were evaluated. 29081917 0 30 theme genes 16:20 arg1 Inactivation 0:11 Inactivation 0:11 Inactivation of genes TEC1 and EFG1 in Candida albicans 0:54 Inactivation of genes TEC1 and EFG1 in Candida albicans influences extracellular matrix composition and biofilm morphology. 29081917 11 31 dep C. 1390:1391 arg1 albicans 1393:1400 albicans 1393:1400 albicans 1393:1400 Conclusion: ASP production may be linked to C. albicans cell filamentous morphology. 29081917 4 32 theme insoluble 612:620 arg1 part 622:625 insoluble part 612:625 insoluble part of biofilms and matrix proteins 612:657 Colony-forming units (cfu), total biomass (mg), water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs), alkali-soluble polysaccharides (ASPs), proteins (insoluble part of biofilms and matrix proteins), and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were quantified. 29081917 9 33 theme lowest 1242:1247 arg1 biomass 1249:1255 biomass 1249:1255 biomass 1249:1255 The population in Δ/Δ efg1 correlated with the protein (r = 0.734) and its biofilms exhibited the lowest biomass and biovolume, and maximum thickness. 29081917 7 34 dep highest 933:939 arg1 followed 976:983 followed 976:983 followed by Δ/Δ tec1 (44.0 ± 24.1 µg) and Δ/Δ efg1 (14.7 ± 5.0 µg) 976:1041 Results: ASP content was highest in WT (mean ± SD: 74.5 ± 22.0 µg), followed by Δ/Δ tec1 (44.0 ± 24.1 µg) and Δ/Δ efg1 (14.7 ± 5.0 µg). 29081917 7 34 dep highest 933:939 arg1 ± SD 953:956 mean ± SD 948:956 mean ± SD: 74.5 ± 22.0 µg 948:972 Results: ASP content was highest in WT (mean ± SD: 74.5 ± 22.0 µg), followed by Δ/Δ tec1 (44.0 ± 24.1 µg) and Δ/Δ efg1 (14.7 ± 5.0 µg). 29081917 3 35 theme Candida 385:391 arg1 albicans 393:400 two Candida albicans 381:400 two Candida albicans 381:400 Methods: The ECMs of a wild-type (WT, SN425) and two Candida albicans mutant strains, Δ/Δ tec1 (CJN2330) and Δ/Δ efg1 (CJN2302), were evaluated. 29081917 5 36 theme Variable-pressure 707:723 arg1 microscopy 743:752 Variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy 707:752 Variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy 707:752 Variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy were performed. 29081917 7 37 theme ASP 917:919 arg1 content 921:927 ASP content 917:927 ASP content 917:927 Results: ASP content was highest in WT (mean ± SD: 74.5 ± 22.0 µg), followed by Δ/Δ tec1 (44.0 ± 24.1 µg) and Δ/Δ efg1 (14.7 ± 5.0 µg). 29081917 4 38 theme extracellular 665:677 arg1 DNA 679:681 extracellular DNA 665:681 extracellular DNA (eDNA) 665:688 Colony-forming units (cfu), total biomass (mg), water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs), alkali-soluble polysaccharides (ASPs), proteins (insoluble part of biofilms and matrix proteins), and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were quantified. 29081917 4 38 theme extracellular 665:677 arg1 eDNA 684:687 eDNA 684:687 eDNA 684:687 Colony-forming units (cfu), total biomass (mg), water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs), alkali-soluble polysaccharides (ASPs), proteins (insoluble part of biofilms and matrix proteins), and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were quantified. 29081917 3 39 theme albicans 393:400 arg1 tec1 422:425 Δ/Δ tec1 418:425 Δ/Δ tec1 (CJN2330) 418:435 Methods: The ECMs of a wild-type (WT, SN425) and two Candida albicans mutant strains, Δ/Δ tec1 (CJN2330) and Δ/Δ efg1 (CJN2302), were evaluated. 29081917 3 39 theme albicans 393:400 arg1 efg1 445:448 Δ/Δ efg1 441:448 Δ/Δ efg1 (CJN2302) 441:458 Methods: The ECMs of a wild-type (WT, SN425) and two Candida albicans mutant strains, Δ/Δ tec1 (CJN2330) and Δ/Δ efg1 (CJN2302), were evaluated. 29081917 3 39 theme albicans 393:400 arg1 ECMs 345:348 The ECMs 341:348 The ECMs of a wild-type (WT, SN425) and two Candida albicans mutant strains 341:415 Methods: The ECMs of a wild-type (WT, SN425) and two Candida albicans mutant strains, Δ/Δ tec1 (CJN2330) and Δ/Δ efg1 (CJN2302), were evaluated. 29081917 3 40 theme wild-type 355:363 arg1 tec1 422:425 Δ/Δ tec1 418:425 Δ/Δ tec1 (CJN2330) 418:435 Methods: The ECMs of a wild-type (WT, SN425) and two Candida albicans mutant strains, Δ/Δ tec1 (CJN2330) and Δ/Δ efg1 (CJN2302), were evaluated. 29081917 3 40 theme wild-type 355:363 arg1 efg1 445:448 Δ/Δ efg1 441:448 Δ/Δ efg1 (CJN2302) 441:458 Methods: The ECMs of a wild-type (WT, SN425) and two Candida albicans mutant strains, Δ/Δ tec1 (CJN2330) and Δ/Δ efg1 (CJN2302), were evaluated. 29081917 3 40 theme wild-type 355:363 arg1 ECMs 345:348 The ECMs 341:348 The ECMs of a wild-type (WT, SN425) and two Candida albicans mutant strains 341:415 Methods: The ECMs of a wild-type (WT, SN425) and two Candida albicans mutant strains, Δ/Δ tec1 (CJN2330) and Δ/Δ efg1 (CJN2302), were evaluated. 29081917 8 41 theme WT 1133:1134 arg1 strain 1136:1141 the WT strain 1129:1141 the WT strain 1129:1141 The protein correlated with ASPs (r = 0.666) and with matrix proteins (r = 0.670) in the WT strain. 29081917 11 42 theme cell 1402:1405 arg1 morphology 1419:1428 C. albicans cell filamentous morphology 1390:1428 C. albicans cell filamentous morphology 1390:1428 Conclusion: ASP production may be linked to C. albicans cell filamentous morphology. 29081917 9 43 theme maximum 1276:1282 arg1 thickness 1284:1292 maximum thickness 1276:1292 maximum thickness 1276:1292 The population in Δ/Δ efg1 correlated with the protein (r = 0.734) and its biofilms exhibited the lowest biomass and biovolume, and maximum thickness. 29081917 2 44 theme biofilm 211:217 arg1 formation 196:204 formation 196:204 formation 196:204 have been associated with formation of a biofilm, i.e. a complex microstructure of cells adhering to a surface and embedded within an extracellular matrix (ECM). 29081917 9 45 theme Δ/Δ 1162:1164 arg1 efg1 1166:1169 Δ/Δ efg1 1162:1169 Δ/Δ efg1 correlated with the protein (r = 0.734) and its biofilms 1162:1226 The population in Δ/Δ efg1 correlated with the protein (r = 0.734) and its biofilms exhibited the lowest biomass and biovolume, and maximum thickness. 29081917 9 46 dep biomass 1249:1255 arg1 the 1238:1240 the 1238:1240 the 1238:1240 The population in Δ/Δ efg1 correlated with the protein (r = 0.734) and its biofilms exhibited the lowest biomass and biovolume, and maximum thickness. 29081917 2 47 theme cells 253:257 arg1 microstructure 235:248 a complex microstructure 225:248 a complex microstructure of cells adhering to a surface and embedded within an extracellular matrix (ECM) 225:329 have been associated with formation of a biofilm, i.e. a complex microstructure of cells adhering to a surface and embedded within an extracellular matrix (ECM). 29081917 2 48 theme adhering 259:266 arg1 cells 253:257 cells 253:257 cells adhering to a surface and embedded within an extracellular matrix (ECM) 253:329 have been associated with formation of a biofilm, i.e. a complex microstructure of cells adhering to a surface and embedded within an extracellular matrix (ECM). 29081917 0 49 dep genes 16:20 arg1 genes 16:20 genes TEC1 and EFG1 16:34 genes TEC1 and EFG1 16:34 Inactivation of genes TEC1 and EFG1 in Candida albicans influences extracellular matrix composition and biofilm morphology. 29081917 0 49 dep genes 16:20 arg1 EFG1 31:34 EFG1 31:34 EFG1 31:34 Inactivation of genes TEC1 and EFG1 in Candida albicans influences extracellular matrix composition and biofilm morphology. 29081917 0 49 dep genes 16:20 arg1 TEC1 22:25 TEC1 22:25 TEC1 22:25 Inactivation of genes TEC1 and EFG1 in Candida albicans influences extracellular matrix composition and biofilm morphology. 29081917 3 50 theme Δ/Δ 418:420 arg1 tec1 422:425 Δ/Δ tec1 418:425 Δ/Δ tec1 (CJN2330) 418:435 Methods: The ECMs of a wild-type (WT, SN425) and two Candida albicans mutant strains, Δ/Δ tec1 (CJN2330) and Δ/Δ efg1 (CJN2302), were evaluated. 29081917 3 50 theme Δ/Δ 418:420 arg1 ECMs 345:348 The ECMs 341:348 The ECMs of a wild-type (WT, SN425) and two Candida albicans mutant strains 341:415 Methods: The ECMs of a wild-type (WT, SN425) and two Candida albicans mutant strains, Δ/Δ tec1 (CJN2330) and Δ/Δ efg1 (CJN2302), were evaluated. 29081917 3 50 theme Δ/Δ 418:420 arg1 CJN2330 428:434 CJN2330 428:434 CJN2330 428:434 Methods: The ECMs of a wild-type (WT, SN425) and two Candida albicans mutant strains, Δ/Δ tec1 (CJN2330) and Δ/Δ efg1 (CJN2302), were evaluated. 29081917 5 51 theme confocal 758:765 arg1 microscopy 782:791 confocal scanning laser microscopy 758:791 confocal scanning laser microscopy 758:791 Variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy were performed. 29081917 5 52 theme scanning 725:732 arg1 microscopy 743:752 Variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy 707:752 Variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy 707:752 Variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy were performed. 29081917 6 53 theme biofilms 867:874 arg1 μm 856:857 μm 856:857 μm 856:857 The biovolume (μm3/μm2) and maximum thickness (μm) of the biofilms were quantified using COMSTAT2. 29081917 6 53 theme biofilms 867:874 arg1 μm3/μm2 824:830 μm3/μm2 824:830 μm3/μm2 824:830 The biovolume (μm3/μm2) and maximum thickness (μm) of the biofilms were quantified using COMSTAT2. 29081917 6 53 theme biofilms 867:874 arg1 biovolume 813:821 The biovolume 809:821 The biovolume (μm3/μm2) 809:831 The biovolume (μm3/μm2) and maximum thickness (μm) of the biofilms were quantified using COMSTAT2. 29081917 6 53 theme biofilms 867:874 arg1 thickness 845:853 maximum thickness 837:853 maximum thickness (μm) 837:858 The biovolume (μm3/μm2) and maximum thickness (μm) of the biofilms were quantified using COMSTAT2. 29081917 0 54 theme Candida 39:45 arg1 albicans 47:54 Candida albicans 39:54 Candida albicans 39:54 Inactivation of genes TEC1 and EFG1 in Candida albicans influences extracellular matrix composition and biofilm morphology. 29081917 11 55 theme C. 1390:1391 arg1 morphology 1419:1428 C. albicans cell filamentous morphology 1390:1428 C. albicans cell filamentous morphology 1390:1428 Conclusion: ASP production may be linked to C. albicans cell filamentous morphology. 29081917 2 56 theme complex 227:233 arg1 microstructure 235:248 a complex microstructure 225:248 a complex microstructure of cells adhering to a surface and embedded within an extracellular matrix (ECM) 225:329 have been associated with formation of a biofilm, i.e. a complex microstructure of cells adhering to a surface and embedded within an extracellular matrix (ECM). 29081917 11 57 theme ASP 1358:1360 arg1 production 1362:1371 ASP production 1358:1371 ASP production 1358:1371 Conclusion: ASP production may be linked to C. albicans cell filamentous morphology. 29081917 3 58 theme Δ/Δ 441:443 arg1 CJN2302 451:457 CJN2302 451:457 CJN2302 451:457 Methods: The ECMs of a wild-type (WT, SN425) and two Candida albicans mutant strains, Δ/Δ tec1 (CJN2330) and Δ/Δ efg1 (CJN2302), were evaluated. 29081917 3 58 theme Δ/Δ 441:443 arg1 efg1 445:448 Δ/Δ efg1 441:448 Δ/Δ efg1 (CJN2302) 441:458 Methods: The ECMs of a wild-type (WT, SN425) and two Candida albicans mutant strains, Δ/Δ tec1 (CJN2330) and Δ/Δ efg1 (CJN2302), were evaluated. 29081917 3 58 theme Δ/Δ 441:443 arg1 ECMs 345:348 The ECMs 341:348 The ECMs of a wild-type (WT, SN425) and two Candida albicans mutant strains 341:415 Methods: The ECMs of a wild-type (WT, SN425) and two Candida albicans mutant strains, Δ/Δ tec1 (CJN2330) and Δ/Δ efg1 (CJN2302), were evaluated. 29081917 4 59 theme total 505:509 arg1 mg 520:521 mg 520:521 mg 520:521 Colony-forming units (cfu), total biomass (mg), water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs), alkali-soluble polysaccharides (ASPs), proteins (insoluble part of biofilms and matrix proteins), and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were quantified. 29081917 4 59 theme total 505:509 arg1 biomass 511:517 total biomass 505:517 total biomass (mg) 505:522 Colony-forming units (cfu), total biomass (mg), water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs), alkali-soluble polysaccharides (ASPs), proteins (insoluble part of biofilms and matrix proteins), and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were quantified. 27002961 5 0 theme strain 519:524 arg1 K9 526:527 strain K9 519:527 strain K9(T) 519:530 The polar lipids of strain K9(T) were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified glycolipid. 27002961 5 0 theme strain 519:524 arg1 T 529:529 T 529:529 T 529:529 The polar lipids of strain K9(T) were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified glycolipid. 27002961 10 1 theme 96.7  1104:1108 arg1 % 1109:1109 % 1109:1109 % 1109:1109 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolated strain is closely related to Lentibacillus salinarum AHS-1(T) (96.7 % sequence similarity). 27002961 10 2 theme sequence 1111:1118 arg1 AHS-1 1094:1098 Lentibacillus salinarum AHS-1 1070:1098 Lentibacillus salinarum AHS-1(T) (96.7 % sequence similarity) 1070:1130 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolated strain is closely related to Lentibacillus salinarum AHS-1(T) (96.7 % sequence similarity). 27002961 10 2 theme sequence 1111:1118 arg1 similarity 1120:1129 96.7 % sequence similarity 1104:1129 96.7 % sequence similarity 1104:1129 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolated strain is closely related to Lentibacillus salinarum AHS-1(T) (96.7 % sequence similarity). 27002961 8 3 contain contain 856:862 arg1 composition 826:836 The cell wall peptidoglycan composition 798:836 The cell wall peptidoglycan composition 798:836 The cell wall peptidoglycan composition was determined to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27002961 8 3 contain contain 856:862 arg2 acid 884:887 meso-diaminopimelic acid 864:887 meso-diaminopimelic acid 864:887 The cell wall peptidoglycan composition was determined to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27002961 4 4 dep 7.0-8.0 442:448 arg1 pH 460:461 pH 7.5 460:465 pH 7.5 460:465 It was found to grow at 10.0-30.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 15.0-20.0 %), pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C). 27002961 4 4 dep 7.0-8.0 442:448 arg1 optimum 451:457 optimum 451:457 optimum 451:457 It was found to grow at 10.0-30.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 15.0-20.0 %), pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C). 27002961 5 5 theme K9 526:527 arg1 lipids 509:514 The polar lipids 499:514 The polar lipids of strain K9(T) 499:530 The polar lipids of strain K9(T) were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified glycolipid. 27002961 5 5 theme K9 526:527 arg1 phospholipids 592:604 three unidentified phospholipids 573:604 three unidentified phospholipids 573:604 The polar lipids of strain K9(T) were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified glycolipid. 27002961 5 5 theme K9 526:527 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 551:570 phosphatidylglycerol 551:570 phosphatidylglycerol 551:570 The polar lipids of strain K9(T) were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified glycolipid. 27002961 5 5 theme K9 526:527 arg1 glycolipid 626:635 an unidentified glycolipid 610:635 an unidentified glycolipid 610:635 The polar lipids of strain K9(T) were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified glycolipid. 27002961 11 6 theme Lentibacillus 1299:1311 arg1 sp 1321:1322 the name Lentibacillus kimchii sp 1290:1322 the name Lentibacillus kimchii sp 1290:1322 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain K9(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus kimchii sp. 27002961 2 7 theme non-motile 144:153 arg1 strain 190:195 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain 118:195 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain 118:195 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain, designated K9(T), was isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented food. 27002961 7 8 theme total 739:743 arg1 % 730:730 >20 % 726:730 >20 % of the total 726:743 The major cellular fatty acids (>20 % of the total) were found to be anteisio-C15:0 and anteisio-C17:0. 27002961 7 8 theme total 739:743 arg1 total 739:743 total 739:743 total 739:743 The major cellular fatty acids (>20 % of the total) were found to be anteisio-C15:0 and anteisio-C17:0. 27002961 4 9 dep optimum 482:488 arg1 30 °C 491:495 30 °C 491:495 30 °C 491:495 It was found to grow at 10.0-30.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 15.0-20.0 %), pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C). 27002961 10 10 theme % 1109:1109 arg1 AHS-1 1094:1098 Lentibacillus salinarum AHS-1 1070:1098 Lentibacillus salinarum AHS-1(T) (96.7 % sequence similarity) 1070:1130 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolated strain is closely related to Lentibacillus salinarum AHS-1(T) (96.7 % sequence similarity). 27002961 10 10 theme % 1109:1109 arg1 similarity 1120:1129 96.7 % sequence similarity 1104:1129 96.7 % sequence similarity 1104:1129 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolated strain is closely related to Lentibacillus salinarum AHS-1(T) (96.7 % sequence similarity). 27002961 2 11 theme Korean 244:249 arg1 food 261:264 a Korean fermented food 242:264 a Korean fermented food 242:264 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain, designated K9(T), was isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented food. 27002961 2 11 theme Korean 244:249 arg1 kimchi 234:239 kimchi 234:239 kimchi 234:239 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain, designated K9(T), was isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented food. 27002961 2 12 theme fermented 251:259 arg1 food 261:264 a Korean fermented food 242:264 a Korean fermented food 242:264 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain, designated K9(T), was isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented food. 27002961 2 12 theme fermented 251:259 arg1 kimchi 234:239 kimchi 234:239 kimchi 234:239 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain, designated K9(T), was isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented food. 27002961 10 13 theme Lentibacillus 1070:1082 arg1 similarity 1120:1129 96.7 % sequence similarity 1104:1129 96.7 % sequence similarity 1104:1129 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolated strain is closely related to Lentibacillus salinarum AHS-1(T) (96.7 % sequence similarity). 27002961 10 13 theme Lentibacillus 1070:1082 arg1 T 1100:1100 T 1100:1100 T 1100:1100 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolated strain is closely related to Lentibacillus salinarum AHS-1(T) (96.7 % sequence similarity). 27002961 10 13 theme Lentibacillus 1070:1082 arg1 AHS-1 1094:1098 Lentibacillus salinarum AHS-1 1070:1098 Lentibacillus salinarum AHS-1(T) (96.7 % sequence similarity) 1070:1130 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolated strain is closely related to Lentibacillus salinarum AHS-1(T) (96.7 % sequence similarity). 27002961 8 14 theme meso-diaminopimelic 864:882 arg1 acid 884:887 meso-diaminopimelic acid 864:887 meso-diaminopimelic acid 864:887 The cell wall peptidoglycan composition was determined to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27002961 11 15 theme genus 1259:1263 arg1 Lentibacillus 1265:1277 the genus Lentibacillus 1255:1277 the genus Lentibacillus 1255:1277 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain K9(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus kimchii sp. 27002961 3 16 theme endospore-forming 294:310 arg1 strain 271:276 The strain 267:276 The strain 267:276 The strain was observed as endospore-forming rod-shaped cells showing oxidase and catalase activity. 27002961 3 16 theme endospore-forming 294:310 arg1 cells 323:327 endospore-forming rod-shaped cells 294:327 endospore-forming rod-shaped cells showing oxidase and catalase activity 294:365 The strain was observed as endospore-forming rod-shaped cells showing oxidase and catalase activity. 27002961 2 17 theme aerobic 135:141 arg1 strain 190:195 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain 118:195 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain 118:195 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain, designated K9(T), was isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented food. 27002961 13 18 theme T 1382:1382 arg1 T 1397:1397 T 1397:1397 T 1397:1397 The type strain is K9(T) (=KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234(T)). 27002961 13 18 theme T 1382:1382 arg1 30234 1391:1395 =KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234 1370:1395 =KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234(T) 1370:1398 The type strain is K9(T) (=KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234(T)). 27002961 7 19 theme major 698:702 arg1 acids 719:723 The major cellular fatty acids 694:723 The major cellular fatty acids (>20 % of the total) 694:744 The major cellular fatty acids (>20 % of the total) were found to be anteisio-C15:0 and anteisio-C17:0. 27002961 7 19 theme major 698:702 arg1 anteisio-C15:0 763:776 anteisio-C15:0 763:776 anteisio-C15:0 763:776 The major cellular fatty acids (>20 % of the total) were found to be anteisio-C15:0 and anteisio-C17:0. 27002961 13 20 dep K9 1363:1364 arg1 T 1397:1397 T 1397:1397 T 1397:1397 The type strain is K9(T) (=KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234(T)). 27002961 13 20 dep K9 1363:1364 arg1 30234 1391:1395 =KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234 1370:1395 =KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234(T) 1370:1398 The type strain is K9(T) (=KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234(T)). 27002961 3 21 theme rod-shaped 312:321 arg1 strain 271:276 The strain 267:276 The strain 267:276 The strain was observed as endospore-forming rod-shaped cells showing oxidase and catalase activity. 27002961 3 21 theme rod-shaped 312:321 arg1 cells 323:327 endospore-forming rod-shaped cells 294:327 endospore-forming rod-shaped cells showing oxidase and catalase activity 294:365 The strain was observed as endospore-forming rod-shaped cells showing oxidase and catalase activity. 27002961 5 22 theme polar 503:507 arg1 lipids 509:514 The polar lipids 499:514 The polar lipids of strain K9(T) 499:530 The polar lipids of strain K9(T) were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified glycolipid. 27002961 5 22 theme polar 503:507 arg1 phospholipids 592:604 three unidentified phospholipids 573:604 three unidentified phospholipids 573:604 The polar lipids of strain K9(T) were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified glycolipid. 27002961 5 22 theme polar 503:507 arg1 phosphatidylglycerol 551:570 phosphatidylglycerol 551:570 phosphatidylglycerol 551:570 The polar lipids of strain K9(T) were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified glycolipid. 27002961 5 22 theme polar 503:507 arg1 glycolipid 626:635 an unidentified glycolipid 610:635 an unidentified glycolipid 610:635 The polar lipids of strain K9(T) were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified glycolipid. 27002961 10 23 dep Lentibacillus 1070:1082 arg1 salinarum 1084:1092 salinarum 1084:1092 salinarum 1084:1092 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolated strain is closely related to Lentibacillus salinarum AHS-1(T) (96.7 % sequence similarity). 27002961 11 24 theme Lentibacillus 1265:1277 arg1 species 1244:1250 a novel species 1236:1250 a novel species 1236:1250 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain K9(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus kimchii sp. 27002961 3 25 theme catalase 349:356 arg1 activity 358:365 oxidase and catalase activity 337:365 oxidase and catalase activity 337:365 The strain was observed as endospore-forming rod-shaped cells showing oxidase and catalase activity. 27002961 2 26 theme Gram-positive 120:132 arg1 strain 190:195 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain 118:195 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain 118:195 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain, designated K9(T), was isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented food. 27002961 13 27 theme 18490 1376:1380 arg1 T 1397:1397 T 1397:1397 T 1397:1397 The type strain is K9(T) (=KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234(T)). 27002961 13 27 theme 18490 1376:1380 arg1 30234 1391:1395 =KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234 1370:1395 =KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234(T) 1370:1398 The type strain is K9(T) (=KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234(T)). 27002961 0 28 theme Lentibacillus 0:12 arg1 sp 22:23 Lentibacillus kimchii sp 0:23 Lentibacillus kimchii sp. 0:24 Lentibacillus kimchii sp. 27002961 13 29 theme =KACC 1370:1374 arg1 T 1397:1397 T 1397:1397 T 1397:1397 The type strain is K9(T) (=KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234(T)). 27002961 13 29 theme =KACC 1370:1374 arg1 30234 1391:1395 =KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234 1370:1395 =KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234(T) 1370:1398 The type strain is K9(T) (=KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234(T)). 27002961 11 30 theme phenotypic 1146:1155 arg1 data 1190:1193 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1142:1193 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1142:1193 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain K9(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus kimchii sp. 27002961 3 31 theme oxidase 337:343 arg1 activity 358:365 oxidase and catalase activity 337:365 oxidase and catalase activity 337:365 The strain was observed as endospore-forming rod-shaped cells showing oxidase and catalase activity. 27002961 4 32 dep optimum 416:422 arg1 % 435:435 15.0-20.0 % 425:435 15.0-20.0 % 425:435 It was found to grow at 10.0-30.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 15.0-20.0 %), pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C). 27002961 11 33 theme phylogenetic 1177:1188 arg1 data 1190:1193 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1142:1193 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1142:1193 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain K9(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus kimchii sp. 27002961 10 34 theme rRNA 995:998 arg1 sequence 1005:1012 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 987:1012 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 987:1012 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolated strain is closely related to Lentibacillus salinarum AHS-1(T) (96.7 % sequence similarity). 27002961 2 35 theme halophilic 169:178 arg1 strain 190:195 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain 118:195 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain 118:195 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain, designated K9(T), was isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented food. 27002961 1 36 theme Korean 90:95 arg1 vegetable 107:115 a Korean fermented vegetable 88:115 a Korean fermented vegetable 88:115 nov., an extremely halophilic bacterium isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented vegetable. 27002961 1 36 theme Korean 90:95 arg1 kimchi 80:85 kimchi 80:85 kimchi 80:85 nov., an extremely halophilic bacterium isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented vegetable. 27002961 7 37 theme cellular 704:711 arg1 acids 719:723 The major cellular fatty acids 694:723 The major cellular fatty acids (>20 % of the total) 694:744 The major cellular fatty acids (>20 % of the total) were found to be anteisio-C15:0 and anteisio-C17:0. 27002961 7 37 theme cellular 704:711 arg1 anteisio-C15:0 763:776 anteisio-C15:0 763:776 anteisio-C15:0 763:776 The major cellular fatty acids (>20 % of the total) were found to be anteisio-C15:0 and anteisio-C17:0. 27002961 1 38 attach isolated 66:73 arg2 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov., an extremely halophilic bacterium isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented vegetable. 27002961 1 38 attach isolated 66:73 arg1 kimchi 80:85 kimchi 80:85 kimchi 80:85 nov., an extremely halophilic bacterium isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented vegetable. 27002961 1 38 attach isolated 66:73 arg2 bacterium 56:64 an extremely halophilic bacterium 32:64 an extremely halophilic bacterium isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented vegetable 32:115 nov., an extremely halophilic bacterium isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented vegetable. 27002961 1 38 attach isolated 66:73 arg1 vegetable 107:115 a Korean fermented vegetable 88:115 a Korean fermented vegetable 88:115 nov., an extremely halophilic bacterium isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented vegetable. 27002961 4 39 theme % 402:402 arg1 optimum 416:422 optimum 416:422 optimum 416:422 It was found to grow at 10.0-30.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 15.0-20.0 %), pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C). 27002961 4 39 theme % 402:402 arg1 NaCl 410:413 10.0-30.0 % (w/v) NaCl 392:413 10.0-30.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 15.0-20.0 %) 392:436 It was found to grow at 10.0-30.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 15.0-20.0 %), pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C). 27002961 7 40 theme fatty 713:717 arg1 acids 719:723 The major cellular fatty acids 694:723 The major cellular fatty acids (>20 % of the total) 694:744 The major cellular fatty acids (>20 % of the total) were found to be anteisio-C15:0 and anteisio-C17:0. 27002961 7 40 theme fatty 713:717 arg1 anteisio-C15:0 763:776 anteisio-C15:0 763:776 anteisio-C15:0 763:776 The major cellular fatty acids (>20 % of the total) were found to be anteisio-C15:0 and anteisio-C17:0. 27002961 10 41 theme isolated 1032:1039 arg1 strain 1041:1046 the isolated strain 1028:1046 the isolated strain 1028:1046 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolated strain is closely related to Lentibacillus salinarum AHS-1(T) (96.7 % sequence similarity). 27002961 10 41 theme isolated 1032:1039 arg1 related 1059:1065 related 1059:1065 related 1059:1065 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolated strain is closely related to Lentibacillus salinarum AHS-1(T) (96.7 % sequence similarity). 27002961 5 42 theme unidentified 579:590 arg1 lipids 509:514 The polar lipids 499:514 The polar lipids of strain K9(T) 499:530 The polar lipids of strain K9(T) were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified glycolipid. 27002961 5 42 theme unidentified 579:590 arg1 phospholipids 592:604 three unidentified phospholipids 573:604 three unidentified phospholipids 573:604 The polar lipids of strain K9(T) were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified glycolipid. 27002961 10 43 theme gene 1000:1003 arg1 sequence 1005:1012 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 987:1012 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 987:1012 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolated strain is closely related to Lentibacillus salinarum AHS-1(T) (96.7 % sequence similarity). 27002961 6 44 theme isoprenoid 642:651 arg1 quinone 653:659 The isoprenoid quinone 638:659 The isoprenoid quinone 638:659 The isoprenoid quinone was identified as menaquinone-7. 27002961 6 44 theme isoprenoid 642:651 arg1 menaquinone-7 679:691 menaquinone-7 679:691 menaquinone-7 679:691 The isoprenoid quinone was identified as menaquinone-7. 27002961 5 45 theme unidentified 613:624 arg1 lipids 509:514 The polar lipids 499:514 The polar lipids of strain K9(T) 499:530 The polar lipids of strain K9(T) were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified glycolipid. 27002961 5 45 theme unidentified 613:624 arg1 glycolipid 626:635 an unidentified glycolipid 610:635 an unidentified glycolipid 610:635 The polar lipids of strain K9(T) were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified glycolipid. 27002961 11 46 theme strain 1196:1201 arg1 K9 1203:1204 strain K9 1196:1204 strain K9(T) 1196:1207 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain K9(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus kimchii sp. 27002961 11 46 theme strain 1196:1201 arg1 T 1206:1206 T 1206:1206 T 1206:1206 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain K9(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus kimchii sp. 27002961 4 47 theme pH 439:440 arg1 7.0-8.0 442:448 pH 7.0-8.0 439:448 pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) 439:466 It was found to grow at 10.0-30.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 15.0-20.0 %), pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C). 27002961 13 48 theme  = JCM 1384:1389 arg1 T 1397:1397 T 1397:1397 T 1397:1397 The type strain is K9(T) (=KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234(T)). 27002961 13 48 theme  = JCM 1384:1389 arg1 30234 1391:1395 =KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234 1370:1395 =KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234(T) 1370:1398 The type strain is K9(T) (=KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234(T)). 27002961 4 49 theme w/v 405:407 arg1 optimum 416:422 optimum 416:422 optimum 416:422 It was found to grow at 10.0-30.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 15.0-20.0 %), pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C). 27002961 4 49 theme w/v 405:407 arg1 NaCl 410:413 10.0-30.0 % (w/v) NaCl 392:413 10.0-30.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 15.0-20.0 %) 392:436 It was found to grow at 10.0-30.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 15.0-20.0 %), pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C). 27002961 1 50 theme fermented 97:105 arg1 vegetable 107:115 a Korean fermented vegetable 88:115 a Korean fermented vegetable 88:115 nov., an extremely halophilic bacterium isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented vegetable. 27002961 1 50 theme fermented 97:105 arg1 kimchi 80:85 kimchi 80:85 kimchi 80:85 nov., an extremely halophilic bacterium isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented vegetable. 27002961 9 51 theme G + C 894:898 arg1 content 900:906 The G + C content 890:906 The G + C content of genomic DNA 890:921 The G + C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 48.2 mol %. 27002961 9 51 theme G + C 894:898 arg1 % 953:953 48.2 mol % 944:953 48.2 mol % 944:953 The G + C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 48.2 mol %. 27002961 11 52 theme novel 1238:1242 arg1 species 1244:1250 a novel species 1236:1250 a novel species 1236:1250 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain K9(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus kimchii sp. 27002961 11 53 theme chemotaxonomic 1158:1171 arg1 data 1190:1193 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1142:1193 its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data 1142:1193 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain K9(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus kimchii sp. 27002961 8 54 theme cell 802:805 arg1 composition 826:836 The cell wall peptidoglycan composition 798:836 The cell wall peptidoglycan composition 798:836 The cell wall peptidoglycan composition was determined to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27002961 2 55 attach isolated 220:227 arg1 food 261:264 a Korean fermented food 242:264 a Korean fermented food 242:264 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain, designated K9(T), was isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented food. 27002961 2 55 attach isolated 220:227 arg2 strain 190:195 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain 118:195 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain 118:195 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain, designated K9(T), was isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented food. 27002961 2 55 attach isolated 220:227 arg1 kimchi 234:239 kimchi 234:239 kimchi 234:239 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain, designated K9(T), was isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented food. 27002961 1 56 theme halophilic 45:54 arg1 bacterium 56:64 an extremely halophilic bacterium 32:64 an extremely halophilic bacterium isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented vegetable 32:115 nov., an extremely halophilic bacterium isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented vegetable. 27002961 1 56 theme halophilic 45:54 arg1 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov. 26:29 nov., an extremely halophilic bacterium isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented vegetable. 27002961 8 57 theme peptidoglycan 812:824 arg1 composition 826:836 The cell wall peptidoglycan composition 798:836 The cell wall peptidoglycan composition 798:836 The cell wall peptidoglycan composition was determined to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27002961 9 58 theme genomic 911:917 arg1 DNA 919:921 genomic DNA 911:921 genomic DNA 911:921 The G + C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 48.2 mol %. 27002961 11 59 theme name 1294:1297 arg1 sp 1321:1322 the name Lentibacillus kimchii sp 1290:1322 the name Lentibacillus kimchii sp 1290:1322 Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain K9(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus kimchii sp. 27002961 2 60 theme bacterial 180:188 arg1 strain 190:195 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain 118:195 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain 118:195 A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and extremely halophilic bacterial strain, designated K9(T), was isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented food. 27002961 8 61 theme wall 807:810 arg1 composition 826:836 The cell wall peptidoglycan composition 798:836 The cell wall peptidoglycan composition 798:836 The cell wall peptidoglycan composition was determined to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. 27002961 9 62 theme DNA 919:921 arg1 content 900:906 The G + C content 890:906 The G + C content of genomic DNA 890:921 The G + C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 48.2 mol %. 27002961 9 62 theme DNA 919:921 arg1 % 953:953 48.2 mol % 944:953 48.2 mol % 944:953 The G + C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 48.2 mol %. 27002961 10 63 theme Phylogenetic 956:967 arg1 analysis 969:976 Phylogenetic analysis 956:976 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence 956:1012 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolated strain is closely related to Lentibacillus salinarum AHS-1(T) (96.7 % sequence similarity). 27002961 13 64 theme type 1348:1351 arg1 K9 1363:1364 K9 1363:1364 K9(T) (=KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234(T)) 1363:1399 The type strain is K9(T) (=KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234(T)). 27002961 13 64 theme type 1348:1351 arg1 strain 1353:1358 The type strain 1344:1358 The type strain 1344:1358 The type strain is K9(T) (=KACC 18490(T) = JCM 30234(T)). 27002961 7 65 dep acids 719:723 arg1 % 730:730 >20 % 726:730 >20 % of the total 726:743 The major cellular fatty acids (>20 % of the total) were found to be anteisio-C15:0 and anteisio-C17:0. 27002961 7 65 dep acids 719:723 arg1 total 739:743 total 739:743 total 739:743 The major cellular fatty acids (>20 % of the total) were found to be anteisio-C15:0 and anteisio-C17:0. 27002961 0 66 theme kimchii 14:20 arg1 sp 22:23 Lentibacillus kimchii sp 0:23 Lentibacillus kimchii sp. 0:24 Lentibacillus kimchii sp. 27002961 10 67 theme 16S 991:993 arg1 rRNA 995:998 the 16S rRNA 987:998 the 16S rRNA gene sequence 987:1012 Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolated strain is closely related to Lentibacillus salinarum AHS-1(T) (96.7 % sequence similarity). 26742586 0 0 theme Adherent-Invasive 83:99 arg1 infection 109:117 Adherent-Invasive E. coli infection 83:117 Adherent-Invasive E. coli infection 83:117 Western diet induces a shift in microbiota composition enhancing susceptibility to Adherent-Invasive E. coli infection and intestinal inflammation. 26742586 7 1 theme HF/HS 1190:1194 arg1 mice 1204:1207 HF/HS treated mice 1190:1207 HF/HS treated mice 1190:1207 Finally, the transplantation of feces from HF/HS treated mice to GF mice increased susceptibility to AIEC infection. 26742586 7 2 theme GF 1212:1213 arg1 mice 1215:1218 GF mice 1212:1218 GF mice 1212:1218 Finally, the transplantation of feces from HF/HS treated mice to GF mice increased susceptibility to AIEC infection. 26742586 7 3 theme treated 1196:1202 arg1 mice 1204:1207 HF/HS treated mice 1190:1207 HF/HS treated mice 1190:1207 Finally, the transplantation of feces from HF/HS treated mice to GF mice increased susceptibility to AIEC infection. 26742586 2 4 theme Western 369:375 arg1 countries 377:385 Western countries 369:385 Western countries 369:385 The escalating consumption of fat and sugar in Western countries parallels an increased incidence of CD during the latter 20(th) century. 26742586 7 5 theme feces 1179:1183 arg1 transplantation 1160:1174 the transplantation 1156:1174 the transplantation of feces from HF/HS treated mice to GF mice 1156:1218 Finally, the transplantation of feces from HF/HS treated mice to GF mice increased susceptibility to AIEC infection. 26742586 4 6 theme Proteobacteria 791:804 arg1 overgrowth 760:769 an overgrowth 757:769 an overgrowth of pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria such as E. coli, a decrease in protective bacteria 757:855 The HF/HS diet created a specific inflammatory environment in the gut, correlated with intestinal mucosa dysbiosis characterized by an overgrowth of pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria such as E. coli, a decrease in protective bacteria, and a significantly decreased of SCFA concentrations. 26742586 2 7 from consumption 337:347 arg1 countries 377:385 Western countries 369:385 Western countries 369:385 The escalating consumption of fat and sugar in Western countries parallels an increased incidence of CD during the latter 20(th) century. 26742586 1 8 theme host 281:284 arg1 genetics 286:293 host genetics 281:293 host genetics 281:293 Recent advances have shown that the abnormal inflammatory response observed in CD involves an interplay among intestinal microbiota, host genetics and environmental factors. 26742586 0 9 theme E. 101:102 arg1 infection 109:117 Adherent-Invasive E. coli infection 83:117 Adherent-Invasive E. coli infection 83:117 Western diet induces a shift in microbiota composition enhancing susceptibility to Adherent-Invasive E. coli infection and intestinal inflammation. 26742586 8 10 theme Western 1305:1311 arg1 diet 1313:1316 a Western diet 1303:1316 a Western diet 1303:1316 Together, our results demonstrate that a Western diet could aggravate the inflammatory process and that the activation of the GPR43 receptor pathway could be used as a new strategy to treat CD patients. 26742586 1 11 theme Recent 148:153 arg1 advances 155:162 Recent advances 148:162 Recent advances 148:162 Recent advances have shown that the abnormal inflammatory response observed in CD involves an interplay among intestinal microbiota, host genetics and environmental factors. 26742586 4 12 theme protective 837:846 arg1 bacteria 848:855 protective bacteria 837:855 protective bacteria 837:855 The HF/HS diet created a specific inflammatory environment in the gut, correlated with intestinal mucosa dysbiosis characterized by an overgrowth of pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria such as E. coli, a decrease in protective bacteria, and a significantly decreased of SCFA concentrations. 26742586 3 13 dep E. 605:606 arg1 coli 608:611 coli 608:611 coli 608:611 The impact of a HF/HS diet in mice was evaluated for the gut micro-inflammation, intestinal microbiota composition, function and selection of an E. coli population. 26742586 4 14 theme pro-inflammatory 774:789 arg1 Proteobacteria 791:804 pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria 774:804 pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria such as E. coli, a decrease in protective bacteria 774:855 The HF/HS diet created a specific inflammatory environment in the gut, correlated with intestinal mucosa dysbiosis characterized by an overgrowth of pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria such as E. coli, a decrease in protective bacteria, and a significantly decreased of SCFA concentrations. 26742586 4 14 theme pro-inflammatory 774:789 arg1 coli 817:820 E. coli 814:820 E. coli 814:820 The HF/HS diet created a specific inflammatory environment in the gut, correlated with intestinal mucosa dysbiosis characterized by an overgrowth of pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria such as E. coli, a decrease in protective bacteria, and a significantly decreased of SCFA concentrations. 26742586 4 15 theme inflammatory 659:670 arg1 environment 672:682 a specific inflammatory environment 648:682 a specific inflammatory environment in the gut, correlated with intestinal mucosa dysbiosis characterized by an overgrowth of pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria such as E. coli, a decrease in protective bacteria 648:855 The HF/HS diet created a specific inflammatory environment in the gut, correlated with intestinal mucosa dysbiosis characterized by an overgrowth of pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria such as E. coli, a decrease in protective bacteria, and a significantly decreased of SCFA concentrations. 26742586 2 16 theme CD 423:424 arg1 incidence 410:418 an increased incidence 397:418 an increased incidence of CD during the latter 20(th) century 397:457 The escalating consumption of fat and sugar in Western countries parallels an increased incidence of CD during the latter 20(th) century. 26742586 0 17 dep E. 101:102 arg1 coli 104:107 coli 104:107 coli 104:107 Western diet induces a shift in microbiota composition enhancing susceptibility to Adherent-Invasive E. coli infection and intestinal inflammation. 26742586 8 18 theme new 1432:1434 arg1 strategy 1436:1443 a new strategy 1430:1443 a new strategy to treat CD patients 1430:1464 Together, our results demonstrate that a Western diet could aggravate the inflammatory process and that the activation of the GPR43 receptor pathway could be used as a new strategy to treat CD patients. 26742586 8 18 theme new 1432:1434 arg1 activation 1372:1381 the activation 1368:1381 the activation of the GPR43 receptor pathway 1368:1411 Together, our results demonstrate that a Western diet could aggravate the inflammatory process and that the activation of the GPR43 receptor pathway could be used as a new strategy to treat CD patients. 26742586 1 19 theme abnormal 184:191 arg1 response 206:213 the abnormal inflammatory response 180:213 the abnormal inflammatory response observed in CD 180:228 Recent advances have shown that the abnormal inflammatory response observed in CD involves an interplay among intestinal microbiota, host genetics and environmental factors. 26742586 0 20 from shift 23:27 arg1 composition 43:53 microbiota composition 32:53 microbiota composition 32:53 Western diet induces a shift in microbiota composition enhancing susceptibility to Adherent-Invasive E. coli infection and intestinal inflammation. 26742586 5 21 theme SCFA 939:942 arg1 receptor 944:951 a SCFA receptor 937:951 a SCFA receptor 937:951 The expression of GPR43, a SCFA receptor was reduced in mice treated with a HF/HS diet and reduced in CD patients compared with controls. 26742586 5 21 theme SCFA 939:942 arg1 GPR43 930:934 GPR43 930:934 GPR43 930:934 The expression of GPR43, a SCFA receptor was reduced in mice treated with a HF/HS diet and reduced in CD patients compared with controls. 26742586 7 22 theme AIEC 1248:1251 arg1 infection 1253:1261 AIEC infection 1248:1261 AIEC infection 1248:1261 Finally, the transplantation of feces from HF/HS treated mice to GF mice increased susceptibility to AIEC infection. 26742586 1 23 theme inflammatory 193:204 arg1 response 206:213 the abnormal inflammatory response 180:213 the abnormal inflammatory response observed in CD 180:228 Recent advances have shown that the abnormal inflammatory response observed in CD involves an interplay among intestinal microbiota, host genetics and environmental factors. 26742586 0 24 theme Western 0:6 arg1 diet 8:11 Western diet 0:11 Western diet 0:11 Western diet induces a shift in microbiota composition enhancing susceptibility to Adherent-Invasive E. coli infection and intestinal inflammation. 26742586 4 25 theme mucosa 723:728 arg1 dysbiosis 730:738 intestinal mucosa dysbiosis 712:738 intestinal mucosa dysbiosis characterized by an overgrowth of pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria such as E. coli, a decrease in protective bacteria 712:855 The HF/HS diet created a specific inflammatory environment in the gut, correlated with intestinal mucosa dysbiosis characterized by an overgrowth of pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria such as E. coli, a decrease in protective bacteria, and a significantly decreased of SCFA concentrations. 26742586 2 26 theme increased 400:408 arg1 incidence 410:418 an increased incidence 397:418 an increased incidence of CD during the latter 20(th) century 397:457 The escalating consumption of fat and sugar in Western countries parallels an increased incidence of CD during the latter 20(th) century. 26742586 2 27 theme th 447:448 arg1 century 451:457 the latter 20(th) century 433:457 the latter 20(th) century 433:457 The escalating consumption of fat and sugar in Western countries parallels an increased incidence of CD during the latter 20(th) century. 26742586 1 28 theme environmental 299:311 arg1 factors 313:319 environmental factors 299:319 environmental factors 299:319 Recent advances have shown that the abnormal inflammatory response observed in CD involves an interplay among intestinal microbiota, host genetics and environmental factors. 26742586 5 29 theme GPR43 930:934 arg1 expression 916:925 The expression 912:925 The expression of GPR43, a SCFA receptor 912:951 The expression of GPR43, a SCFA receptor was reduced in mice treated with a HF/HS diet and reduced in CD patients compared with controls. 26742586 2 30 theme escalating 326:335 arg1 consumption 337:347 The escalating consumption 322:347 The escalating consumption of fat and sugar in Western countries 322:385 The escalating consumption of fat and sugar in Western countries parallels an increased incidence of CD during the latter 20(th) century. 26742586 6 31 theme DSS-induced 1126:1136 arg1 colitis 1138:1144 DSS-induced colitis 1126:1144 DSS-induced colitis 1126:1144 Interestingly, mice treated with an agonist of GPR43 were protected against DSS-induced colitis. 26742586 0 32 theme intestinal 123:132 arg1 inflammation 134:145 intestinal inflammation 123:145 intestinal inflammation 123:145 Western diet induces a shift in microbiota composition enhancing susceptibility to Adherent-Invasive E. coli infection and intestinal inflammation. 26742586 7 33 from transplantation 1160:1174 arg1 mice 1204:1207 HF/HS treated mice 1190:1207 HF/HS treated mice 1190:1207 Finally, the transplantation of feces from HF/HS treated mice to GF mice increased susceptibility to AIEC infection. 26742586 3 34 theme microbiota 552:561 arg1 composition 563:573 intestinal microbiota composition 541:573 intestinal microbiota composition 541:573 The impact of a HF/HS diet in mice was evaluated for the gut micro-inflammation, intestinal microbiota composition, function and selection of an E. coli population. 26742586 2 35 theme latter 437:442 arg1 century 451:457 the latter 20(th) century 433:457 the latter 20(th) century 433:457 The escalating consumption of fat and sugar in Western countries parallels an increased incidence of CD during the latter 20(th) century. 26742586 6 36 theme GPR43 1097:1101 arg1 agonist 1086:1092 an agonist 1083:1092 an agonist of GPR43 1083:1101 Interestingly, mice treated with an agonist of GPR43 were protected against DSS-induced colitis. 26742586 4 37 theme specific 650:657 arg1 environment 672:682 a specific inflammatory environment 648:682 a specific inflammatory environment in the gut, correlated with intestinal mucosa dysbiosis characterized by an overgrowth of pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria such as E. coli, a decrease in protective bacteria 648:855 The HF/HS diet created a specific inflammatory environment in the gut, correlated with intestinal mucosa dysbiosis characterized by an overgrowth of pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria such as E. coli, a decrease in protective bacteria, and a significantly decreased of SCFA concentrations. 26742586 4 38 from decrease 825:832 arg1 bacteria 848:855 protective bacteria 837:855 protective bacteria 837:855 The HF/HS diet created a specific inflammatory environment in the gut, correlated with intestinal mucosa dysbiosis characterized by an overgrowth of pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria such as E. coli, a decrease in protective bacteria, and a significantly decreased of SCFA concentrations. 26742586 4 39 theme HF/HS 629:633 arg1 diet 635:638 The HF/HS diet 625:638 The HF/HS diet 625:638 The HF/HS diet created a specific inflammatory environment in the gut, correlated with intestinal mucosa dysbiosis characterized by an overgrowth of pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria such as E. coli, a decrease in protective bacteria, and a significantly decreased of SCFA concentrations. 26742586 4 40 theme SCFA 891:894 arg1 concentrations 896:909 SCFA concentrations 891:909 SCFA concentrations 891:909 The HF/HS diet created a specific inflammatory environment in the gut, correlated with intestinal mucosa dysbiosis characterized by an overgrowth of pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria such as E. coli, a decrease in protective bacteria, and a significantly decreased of SCFA concentrations. 26742586 8 41 theme CD 1454:1455 arg1 patients 1457:1464 CD patients 1454:1464 CD patients 1454:1464 Together, our results demonstrate that a Western diet could aggravate the inflammatory process and that the activation of the GPR43 receptor pathway could be used as a new strategy to treat CD patients. 26742586 8 42 theme inflammatory 1338:1349 arg1 process 1351:1357 the inflammatory process 1334:1357 the inflammatory process 1334:1357 Together, our results demonstrate that a Western diet could aggravate the inflammatory process and that the activation of the GPR43 receptor pathway could be used as a new strategy to treat CD patients. 26742586 3 43 theme diet 482:485 arg1 impact 464:469 The impact 460:469 The impact of a HF/HS diet in mice 460:493 The impact of a HF/HS diet in mice was evaluated for the gut micro-inflammation, intestinal microbiota composition, function and selection of an E. coli population. 26742586 0 44 theme microbiota 32:41 arg1 composition 43:53 microbiota composition 32:53 microbiota composition 32:53 Western diet induces a shift in microbiota composition enhancing susceptibility to Adherent-Invasive E. coli infection and intestinal inflammation. 26742586 5 45 theme CD 1014:1015 arg1 patients 1017:1024 CD patients 1014:1024 CD patients compared with controls 1014:1047 The expression of GPR43, a SCFA receptor was reduced in mice treated with a HF/HS diet and reduced in CD patients compared with controls. 26742586 8 46 theme pathway 1405:1411 arg1 strategy 1436:1443 a new strategy 1430:1443 a new strategy to treat CD patients 1430:1464 Together, our results demonstrate that a Western diet could aggravate the inflammatory process and that the activation of the GPR43 receptor pathway could be used as a new strategy to treat CD patients. 26742586 8 46 theme pathway 1405:1411 arg1 activation 1372:1381 the activation 1368:1381 the activation of the GPR43 receptor pathway 1368:1411 Together, our results demonstrate that a Western diet could aggravate the inflammatory process and that the activation of the GPR43 receptor pathway could be used as a new strategy to treat CD patients. 26742586 3 47 from impact 464:469 arg1 mice 490:493 mice 490:493 mice 490:493 The impact of a HF/HS diet in mice was evaluated for the gut micro-inflammation, intestinal microbiota composition, function and selection of an E. coli population. 26742586 2 48 theme sugar 360:364 arg1 consumption 337:347 The escalating consumption 322:347 The escalating consumption of fat and sugar in Western countries 322:385 The escalating consumption of fat and sugar in Western countries parallels an increased incidence of CD during the latter 20(th) century. 26742586 8 49 used used 1422:1425 arg2 strategy 1436:1443 a new strategy 1430:1443 a new strategy to treat CD patients 1430:1464 Together, our results demonstrate that a Western diet could aggravate the inflammatory process and that the activation of the GPR43 receptor pathway could be used as a new strategy to treat CD patients. 26742586 8 49 used used 1422:1425 arg2 activation 1372:1381 the activation 1368:1381 the activation of the GPR43 receptor pathway 1368:1411 Together, our results demonstrate that a Western diet could aggravate the inflammatory process and that the activation of the GPR43 receptor pathway could be used as a new strategy to treat CD patients. 26742586 5 50 theme HF/HS 988:992 arg1 diet 994:997 a HF/HS diet 986:997 a HF/HS diet 986:997 The expression of GPR43, a SCFA receptor was reduced in mice treated with a HF/HS diet and reduced in CD patients compared with controls. 26742586 1 51 located observed 215:222 arg2 response 206:213 the abnormal inflammatory response 180:213 the abnormal inflammatory response observed in CD 180:228 Recent advances have shown that the abnormal inflammatory response observed in CD involves an interplay among intestinal microbiota, host genetics and environmental factors. 26742586 1 51 located observed 215:222 arg1 CD 227:228 CD 227:228 CD 227:228 Recent advances have shown that the abnormal inflammatory response observed in CD involves an interplay among intestinal microbiota, host genetics and environmental factors. 26742586 8 52 theme receptor 1396:1403 arg1 pathway 1405:1411 the GPR43 receptor pathway 1386:1411 the GPR43 receptor pathway 1386:1411 Together, our results demonstrate that a Western diet could aggravate the inflammatory process and that the activation of the GPR43 receptor pathway could be used as a new strategy to treat CD patients. 26742586 4 53 theme intestinal 712:721 arg1 mucosa 723:728 intestinal mucosa 712:728 intestinal mucosa dysbiosis characterized by an overgrowth of pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria such as E. coli, a decrease in protective bacteria 712:855 The HF/HS diet created a specific inflammatory environment in the gut, correlated with intestinal mucosa dysbiosis characterized by an overgrowth of pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria such as E. coli, a decrease in protective bacteria, and a significantly decreased of SCFA concentrations. 26742586 3 54 theme intestinal 541:550 arg1 composition 563:573 intestinal microbiota composition 541:573 intestinal microbiota composition 541:573 The impact of a HF/HS diet in mice was evaluated for the gut micro-inflammation, intestinal microbiota composition, function and selection of an E. coli population. 26742586 3 55 theme gut 517:519 arg1 micro-inflammation 521:538 the gut micro-inflammation 513:538 the gut micro-inflammation 513:538 The impact of a HF/HS diet in mice was evaluated for the gut micro-inflammation, intestinal microbiota composition, function and selection of an E. coli population. 26742586 7 56 from mice 1204:1207 arg1 feces 1179:1183 feces 1179:1183 feces from HF/HS treated mice 1179:1207 Finally, the transplantation of feces from HF/HS treated mice to GF mice increased susceptibility to AIEC infection. 26742586 7 56 from mice 1204:1207 arg1 transplantation 1160:1174 the transplantation 1156:1174 the transplantation of feces from HF/HS treated mice to GF mice 1156:1218 Finally, the transplantation of feces from HF/HS treated mice to GF mice increased susceptibility to AIEC infection. 26742586 3 57 theme population 613:622 arg1 micro-inflammation 521:538 the gut micro-inflammation 513:538 the gut micro-inflammation 513:538 The impact of a HF/HS diet in mice was evaluated for the gut micro-inflammation, intestinal microbiota composition, function and selection of an E. coli population. 26742586 3 57 theme population 613:622 arg1 selection 589:597 selection 589:597 selection 589:597 The impact of a HF/HS diet in mice was evaluated for the gut micro-inflammation, intestinal microbiota composition, function and selection of an E. coli population. 26742586 3 57 theme population 613:622 arg1 function 576:583 function 576:583 function 576:583 The impact of a HF/HS diet in mice was evaluated for the gut micro-inflammation, intestinal microbiota composition, function and selection of an E. coli population. 26742586 3 57 theme population 613:622 arg1 composition 563:573 intestinal microbiota composition 541:573 intestinal microbiota composition 541:573 The impact of a HF/HS diet in mice was evaluated for the gut micro-inflammation, intestinal microbiota composition, function and selection of an E. coli population. 26742586 2 58 theme fat 352:354 arg1 consumption 337:347 The escalating consumption 322:347 The escalating consumption of fat and sugar in Western countries 322:385 The escalating consumption of fat and sugar in Western countries parallels an increased incidence of CD during the latter 20(th) century. 26742586 8 59 theme GPR43 1390:1394 arg1 pathway 1405:1411 the GPR43 receptor pathway 1386:1411 the GPR43 receptor pathway 1386:1411 Together, our results demonstrate that a Western diet could aggravate the inflammatory process and that the activation of the GPR43 receptor pathway could be used as a new strategy to treat CD patients. 26742586 4 60 from environment 672:682 arg1 gut 691:693 the gut 687:693 the gut 687:693 The HF/HS diet created a specific inflammatory environment in the gut, correlated with intestinal mucosa dysbiosis characterized by an overgrowth of pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria such as E. coli, a decrease in protective bacteria, and a significantly decreased of SCFA concentrations. 26742586 3 61 theme HF/HS 476:480 arg1 diet 482:485 a HF/HS diet 474:485 a HF/HS diet 474:485 The impact of a HF/HS diet in mice was evaluated for the gut micro-inflammation, intestinal microbiota composition, function and selection of an E. coli population. 26742586 3 62 theme E. 605:606 arg1 population 613:622 an E. coli population 602:622 an E. coli population 602:622 The impact of a HF/HS diet in mice was evaluated for the gut micro-inflammation, intestinal microbiota composition, function and selection of an E. coli population. 26742586 1 63 theme intestinal 258:267 arg1 microbiota 269:278 intestinal microbiota 258:278 intestinal microbiota 258:278 Recent advances have shown that the abnormal inflammatory response observed in CD involves an interplay among intestinal microbiota, host genetics and environmental factors. 27090755 0 0 theme covalent 56:63 arg1 frameworks 73:82 covalent organic frameworks 56:82 covalent organic frameworks 56:82 Synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks via the direct condensation of acetals and amines. 27090755 2 1 link imine-linked 270:281 arg1 COFs 264:267 Three new COFs 254:267 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) 254:339 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 2 1 link imine-linked 270:281 arg1 LZU-20 283:288 imine-linked LZU-20 270:288 imine-linked LZU-20 270:288 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 2 2 link hydrazone-linked 291:306 arg1 COFs 264:267 Three new COFs 254:267 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) 254:339 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 2 2 link hydrazone-linked 291:306 arg1 LZU-21 308:313 hydrazone-linked LZU-21 291:313 hydrazone-linked LZU-21 291:313 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 1 3 link linked 228:233 arg1 length 208:213 -C[double bond, length 192:213 length 208:213 We demonstrate herein a facile approach for constructing -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs from acetals. 27090755 1 3 link linked 228:233 arg1 COFs 235:238 m-dash]N- linked COFs 218:238 m-dash]N- linked COFs from acetals 218:251 We demonstrate herein a facile approach for constructing -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs from acetals. 27090755 0 4 theme organic 65:71 arg1 frameworks 73:82 covalent organic frameworks 56:82 covalent organic frameworks 56:82 Synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks via the direct condensation of acetals and amines. 27090755 1 5 theme linked 228:233 arg1 length 208:213 -C[double bond, length 192:213 length 208:213 We demonstrate herein a facile approach for constructing -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs from acetals. 27090755 1 5 theme linked 228:233 arg1 COFs 235:238 m-dash]N- linked COFs 218:238 m-dash]N- linked COFs from acetals 218:251 We demonstrate herein a facile approach for constructing -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs from acetals. 27090755 1 6 from acetals 245:251 arg1 length 208:213 -C[double bond, length 192:213 length 208:213 We demonstrate herein a facile approach for constructing -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs from acetals. 27090755 1 6 from acetals 245:251 arg1 COFs 235:238 m-dash]N- linked COFs 218:238 m-dash]N- linked COFs from acetals 218:251 We demonstrate herein a facile approach for constructing -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs from acetals. 27090755 3 7 theme thermal 482:488 arg1 stability 490:498 good thermal stability 477:498 good thermal stability 477:498 All the synthesized COFs are highly crystalline and exhibit good thermal stability. 27090755 2 8 theme amines 409:414 arg1 condensation 372:383 the direct condensation 361:383 the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines 361:414 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 2 9 link azine-linked 320:331 arg1 LZU-22 333:338 azine-linked LZU-22 320:338 azine-linked LZU-22 320:338 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 2 9 link azine-linked 320:331 arg1 COFs 264:267 Three new COFs 254:267 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) 254:339 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 2 10 theme acetals 397:403 arg1 condensation 372:383 the direct condensation 361:383 the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines 361:414 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 1 11 theme facile 159:164 arg1 approach 166:173 a facile approach 157:173 a facile approach for constructing -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs from acetals 157:251 We demonstrate herein a facile approach for constructing -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs from acetals. 27090755 0 12 theme bond 23:26 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- 0:47 Synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks via the direct condensation of acetals and amines. 27090755 2 13 theme new 260:262 arg1 LZU-22 333:338 azine-linked LZU-22 320:338 azine-linked LZU-22 320:338 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 2 13 theme new 260:262 arg1 COFs 264:267 Three new COFs 254:267 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) 254:339 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 2 13 theme new 260:262 arg1 LZU-20 283:288 imine-linked LZU-20 270:288 imine-linked LZU-20 270:288 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 2 13 theme new 260:262 arg1 LZU-21 308:313 hydrazone-linked LZU-21 291:313 hydrazone-linked LZU-21 291:313 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 0 14 theme -C[double 13:21 arg1 bond 23:26 -C[double bond 13:26 -C[double bond 13:26 Synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks via the direct condensation of acetals and amines. 27090755 0 14 theme -C[double 13:21 arg1 N- 46:47 length as m-dash]N- 29:47 length as m-dash]N- 29:47 Synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks via the direct condensation of acetals and amines. 27090755 0 15 theme direct 92:97 arg1 condensation 99:110 the direct condensation 88:110 the direct condensation of acetals and amines 88:132 Synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks via the direct condensation of acetals and amines. 27090755 2 16 dep COFs 264:267 arg1 LZU-22 333:338 azine-linked LZU-22 320:338 azine-linked LZU-22 320:338 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 2 16 dep COFs 264:267 arg1 COFs 264:267 Three new COFs 254:267 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) 254:339 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 2 16 dep COFs 264:267 arg1 LZU-20 283:288 imine-linked LZU-20 270:288 imine-linked LZU-20 270:288 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 2 16 dep COFs 264:267 arg1 LZU-21 308:313 hydrazone-linked LZU-21 291:313 hydrazone-linked LZU-21 291:313 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 2 17 theme direct 365:370 arg1 condensation 372:383 the direct condensation 361:383 the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines 361:414 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 0 18 theme length 29:34 arg1 bond 23:26 -C[double bond 13:26 -C[double bond 13:26 Synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks via the direct condensation of acetals and amines. 27090755 0 18 theme length 29:34 arg1 N- 46:47 length as m-dash]N- 29:47 length as m-dash]N- 29:47 Synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks via the direct condensation of acetals and amines. 27090755 0 19 theme acetals 115:121 arg1 condensation 99:110 the direct condensation 88:110 the direct condensation of acetals and amines 88:132 Synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks via the direct condensation of acetals and amines. 27090755 2 20 theme dimethyl 388:395 arg1 acetals 397:403 dimethyl acetals 388:403 dimethyl acetals 388:403 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 1 21 theme -C[double 192:200 arg1 length 208:213 -C[double bond, length 192:213 length 208:213 We demonstrate herein a facile approach for constructing -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs from acetals. 27090755 1 21 theme -C[double 192:200 arg1 COFs 235:238 m-dash]N- linked COFs 218:238 m-dash]N- linked COFs from acetals 218:251 We demonstrate herein a facile approach for constructing -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs from acetals. 27090755 0 22 theme m-dash 39:44 arg1 bond 23:26 -C[double bond 13:26 -C[double bond 13:26 Synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks via the direct condensation of acetals and amines. 27090755 0 22 theme m-dash 39:44 arg1 N- 46:47 length as m-dash]N- 29:47 length as m-dash]N- 29:47 Synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks via the direct condensation of acetals and amines. 27090755 0 23 theme amines 127:132 arg1 condensation 99:110 the direct condensation 88:110 the direct condensation of acetals and amines 88:132 Synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks via the direct condensation of acetals and amines. 27090755 2 24 theme hydrazone-linked 291:306 arg1 COFs 264:267 Three new COFs 254:267 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) 254:339 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 2 24 theme hydrazone-linked 291:306 arg1 LZU-21 308:313 hydrazone-linked LZU-21 291:313 hydrazone-linked LZU-21 291:313 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 0 25 theme as 36:37 arg1 bond 23:26 -C[double bond 13:26 -C[double bond 13:26 Synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks via the direct condensation of acetals and amines. 27090755 0 25 theme as 36:37 arg1 N- 46:47 length as m-dash]N- 29:47 length as m-dash]N- 29:47 Synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks via the direct condensation of acetals and amines. 27090755 0 26 attach linked 49:54 arg3 condensation 99:110 the direct condensation 88:110 the direct condensation of acetals and amines 88:132 Synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks via the direct condensation of acetals and amines. 27090755 1 27 dep linked 228:233 arg1 N- 225:226 N- 225:226 N- 225:226 We demonstrate herein a facile approach for constructing -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs from acetals. 27090755 1 27 dep linked 228:233 arg1 m-dash 218:223 m-dash 218:223 m-dash 218:223 We demonstrate herein a facile approach for constructing -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs from acetals. 27090755 3 28 theme synthesized 425:435 arg1 COFs 437:440 All the synthesized COFs 417:440 All the synthesized COFs 417:440 All the synthesized COFs are highly crystalline and exhibit good thermal stability. 27090755 3 28 theme synthesized 425:435 arg1 crystalline 453:463 crystalline 453:463 crystalline 453:463 All the synthesized COFs are highly crystalline and exhibit good thermal stability. 27090755 1 29 theme bond 202:205 arg1 length 208:213 -C[double bond, length 192:213 length 208:213 We demonstrate herein a facile approach for constructing -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs from acetals. 27090755 1 29 theme bond 202:205 arg1 COFs 235:238 m-dash]N- linked COFs 218:238 m-dash]N- linked COFs from acetals 218:251 We demonstrate herein a facile approach for constructing -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs from acetals. 27090755 2 30 theme imine-linked 270:281 arg1 COFs 264:267 Three new COFs 254:267 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) 254:339 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 2 30 theme imine-linked 270:281 arg1 LZU-20 283:288 imine-linked LZU-20 270:288 imine-linked LZU-20 270:288 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 2 31 theme azine-linked 320:331 arg1 LZU-22 333:338 azine-linked LZU-22 320:338 azine-linked LZU-22 320:338 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 2 31 theme azine-linked 320:331 arg1 COFs 264:267 Three new COFs 254:267 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) 254:339 Three new COFs (imine-linked LZU-20, hydrazone-linked LZU-21, and azine-linked LZU-22) were synthesized by the direct condensation of dimethyl acetals and amines. 27090755 3 32 theme good 477:480 arg1 stability 490:498 good thermal stability 477:498 good thermal stability 477:498 All the synthesized COFs are highly crystalline and exhibit good thermal stability. 26236396 3 0 theme enzymes 472:478 arg1 number 448:453 a large number 440:453 a large number 440:453 This is a highly complex process that involves a large number of extracellular enzymes as well as non-hydrolytic proteins, whose production in fungi is controlled by a set of transcriptional regulators. 26236396 9 1 theme genes 1353:1357 arg1 many 1341:1344 many 1341:1344 many 1341:1344 While many of the genes have orthologs in (nearly) all tested species, only very few of the corresponding enzymes are produced by all species during growth on wheat bran or sugar beet pulp. 26236396 9 1 theme genes 1353:1357 arg1 genes 1353:1357 the genes 1349:1357 the genes 1349:1357 While many of the genes have orthologs in (nearly) all tested species, only very few of the corresponding enzymes are produced by all species during growth on wheat bran or sugar beet pulp. 26236396 12 2 theme plant 1953:1957 arg1 biomass 1959:1965 plant biomass 1953:1965 plant biomass 1953:1965 This makes sense from an ecological perspective where mixed populations of fungi together degrade plant biomass. 26236396 5 3 dep RESULTS 754:760 arg1 assumed 774:780 assumed 774:780 is often assumed that related fungi use similar enzymatic approaches to degrade plant polysaccharides 765:865 RESULTS It is often assumed that related fungi use similar enzymatic approaches to degrade plant polysaccharides. 26236396 2 4 theme carbon 248:253 arg1 It 227:228 It 227:228 It 227:228 It is also the major carbon source for many fungi and enzymes of these fungi are essential for the depolymerization of plant polysaccharides in industrial processes. 26236396 2 4 theme carbon 248:253 arg1 source 255:260 the major carbon source 238:260 the major carbon source for many fungi 238:275 It is also the major carbon source for many fungi and enzymes of these fungi are essential for the depolymerization of plant polysaccharides in industrial processes. 26236396 4 5 from genera 652:657 arg1 field 667:671 this field 662:671 this field 662:671 Aspergillus species form one of the best studied fungal genera in this field, and several species are used for the production of commercial enzyme cocktails. 26236396 10 6 theme significant 1538:1548 arg1 differences 1550:1560 significant differences 1538:1560 significant differences 1538:1560 In addition, significant differences were observed between the enzyme sets produced on these feedstocks, largely correlating with their polysaccharide composition. 26236396 8 7 theme similar 1180:1186 arg1 potential 1196:1204 this similar genomic potential 1175:1204 this similar genomic potential 1175:1204 Despite this similar genomic potential their approaches to degrade plant biomass differ markedly in the overall activities as well as the specific enzymes they employ. 26236396 14 8 theme single 2335:2340 arg1 approach 2385:2392 the most common approach 2369:2392 the most common approach used in biotechnology 2369:2414 Such an approach may result in a much better improvement of saccharification efficiency than adding specific enzymes to the mixture of a single fungus, which is currently the most common approach used in biotechnology. 26236396 14 8 theme single 2335:2340 arg1 fungus 2342:2347 a single fungus 2333:2347 a single fungus 2333:2347 Such an approach may result in a much better improvement of saccharification efficiency than adding specific enzymes to the mixture of a single fungus, which is currently the most common approach used in biotechnology. 26236396 3 9 theme non-hydrolytic 491:504 arg1 proteins 506:513 non-hydrolytic proteins 491:513 extracellular enzymes as well as non-hydrolytic proteins 458:513 This is a highly complex process that involves a large number of extracellular enzymes as well as non-hydrolytic proteins, whose production in fungi is controlled by a set of transcriptional regulators. 26236396 1 10 theme biochemicals 167:178 arg1 production 140:149 the production 136:149 the production of biofuels and biochemicals, as well as food, textiles and other products 136:224 BACKGROUND Plant biomass is the major substrate for the production of biofuels and biochemicals, as well as food, textiles and other products. 26236396 9 11 dep bran 1500:1503 arg1 pulp 1519:1522 pulp 1519:1522 pulp 1519:1522 While many of the genes have orthologs in (nearly) all tested species, only very few of the corresponding enzymes are produced by all species during growth on wheat bran or sugar beet pulp. 26236396 11 12 theme Aspergillus 1729:1739 arg1 species 1741:1747 Aspergillus species 1729:1747 Aspergillus species 1729:1747 CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that Aspergillus species and possibly also other related fungi employ significantly different approaches to degrade plant biomass. 26236396 7 13 theme similar 1031:1037 arg1 potential 1047:1055 a similar genomic potential 1029:1055 a similar genomic potential to degrade plant biomass 1029:1080 All tested Aspergilli have a similar genomic potential to degrade plant biomass, with the exception of A. clavatus that has a strongly reduced pectinolytic ability. 26236396 4 14 theme Aspergillus 596:606 arg1 species 608:614 Aspergillus species 596:614 Aspergillus species 596:614 Aspergillus species form one of the best studied fungal genera in this field, and several species are used for the production of commercial enzyme cocktails. 26236396 8 15 theme specific 1305:1312 arg1 enzymes 1314:1320 the specific enzymes 1301:1320 the overall activities as well as the specific enzymes they employ 1267:1332 Despite this similar genomic potential their approaches to degrade plant biomass differ markedly in the overall activities as well as the specific enzymes they employ. 26236396 13 16 theme improved 2072:2079 arg1 mixtures 2088:2095 improved enzyme mixtures 2072:2095 improved enzyme mixtures for industrial applications 2072:2123 The results of this study indicate that combining the approaches from different species could result in improved enzyme mixtures for industrial applications, in particular saccharification of plant biomass for biofuel production. 26236396 9 17 theme tested 1390:1395 arg1 species 1397:1403 (nearly) all tested species 1377:1403 (nearly) all tested species 1377:1403 While many of the genes have orthologs in (nearly) all tested species, only very few of the corresponding enzymes are produced by all species during growth on wheat bran or sugar beet pulp. 26236396 6 18 theme genomic 903:909 arg1 content 911:917 the genomic content 899:917 the genomic content 899:917 In this study we have compared the genomic content and the enzymes produced by eight Aspergilli for the degradation of plant biomass. 26236396 8 19 theme degrade 1226:1232 arg1 biomass 1240:1246 degrade plant biomass 1226:1246 degrade plant biomass 1226:1246 Despite this similar genomic potential their approaches to degrade plant biomass differ markedly in the overall activities as well as the specific enzymes they employ. 26236396 7 20 theme tested 1006:1011 arg1 Aspergilli 1013:1022 All tested Aspergilli 1002:1022 All tested Aspergilli 1002:1022 All tested Aspergilli have a similar genomic potential to degrade plant biomass, with the exception of A. clavatus that has a strongly reduced pectinolytic ability. 26236396 12 21 theme mixed 1909:1913 arg1 populations 1915:1925 mixed populations 1909:1925 mixed populations of fungi 1909:1934 This makes sense from an ecological perspective where mixed populations of fungi together degrade plant biomass. 26236396 1 22 theme major 116:120 arg1 substrate 122:130 the major substrate 112:130 the major substrate for the production of biofuels and biochemicals, as well as food, textiles and other products 112:224 BACKGROUND Plant biomass is the major substrate for the production of biofuels and biochemicals, as well as food, textiles and other products. 26236396 1 22 theme major 116:120 arg1 biomass 101:107 BACKGROUND Plant biomass 84:107 BACKGROUND Plant biomass 84:107 BACKGROUND Plant biomass is the major substrate for the production of biofuels and biochemicals, as well as food, textiles and other products. 26236396 3 23 from production 522:531 arg1 fungi 536:540 fungi 536:540 fungi 536:540 This is a highly complex process that involves a large number of extracellular enzymes as well as non-hydrolytic proteins, whose production in fungi is controlled by a set of transcriptional regulators. 26236396 3 24 theme regulators 584:593 arg1 set 561:563 a set 559:563 a set of transcriptional regulators 559:593 This is a highly complex process that involves a large number of extracellular enzymes as well as non-hydrolytic proteins, whose production in fungi is controlled by a set of transcriptional regulators. 26236396 3 24 theme regulators 584:593 arg1 regulators 584:593 transcriptional regulators 568:593 transcriptional regulators 568:593 This is a highly complex process that involves a large number of extracellular enzymes as well as non-hydrolytic proteins, whose production in fungi is controlled by a set of transcriptional regulators. 26236396 4 25 theme fungal 645:650 arg1 genera 652:657 the best studied fungal genera 628:657 the best studied fungal genera in this field 628:671 Aspergillus species form one of the best studied fungal genera in this field, and several species are used for the production of commercial enzyme cocktails. 26236396 14 26 theme specific 2298:2305 arg1 enzymes 2307:2313 specific enzymes 2298:2313 specific enzymes 2298:2313 Such an approach may result in a much better improvement of saccharification efficiency than adding specific enzymes to the mixture of a single fungus, which is currently the most common approach used in biotechnology. 26236396 9 27 theme corresponding 1427:1439 arg1 enzymes 1441:1447 the corresponding enzymes 1423:1447 the corresponding enzymes 1423:1447 While many of the genes have orthologs in (nearly) all tested species, only very few of the corresponding enzymes are produced by all species during growth on wheat bran or sugar beet pulp. 26236396 1 28 theme biofuels 154:161 arg1 production 140:149 the production 136:149 the production of biofuels and biochemicals, as well as food, textiles and other products 136:224 BACKGROUND Plant biomass is the major substrate for the production of biofuels and biochemicals, as well as food, textiles and other products. 26236396 14 29 theme saccharification 2258:2273 arg1 efficiency 2275:2284 saccharification efficiency 2258:2284 saccharification efficiency 2258:2284 Such an approach may result in a much better improvement of saccharification efficiency than adding specific enzymes to the mixture of a single fungus, which is currently the most common approach used in biotechnology. 26236396 7 30 theme reduced 1137:1143 arg1 ability 1158:1164 a strongly reduced pectinolytic ability 1126:1164 a strongly reduced pectinolytic ability 1126:1164 All tested Aspergilli have a similar genomic potential to degrade plant biomass, with the exception of A. clavatus that has a strongly reduced pectinolytic ability. 26236396 13 31 theme study 1988:1992 arg1 results 1972:1978 The results 1968:1978 The results of this study 1968:1992 The results of this study indicate that combining the approaches from different species could result in improved enzyme mixtures for industrial applications, in particular saccharification of plant biomass for biofuel production. 26236396 10 32 theme polysaccharide 1661:1674 arg1 composition 1676:1686 their polysaccharide composition 1655:1686 their polysaccharide composition 1655:1686 In addition, significant differences were observed between the enzyme sets produced on these feedstocks, largely correlating with their polysaccharide composition. 26236396 2 33 theme polysaccharides 352:366 arg1 depolymerization 326:341 the depolymerization 322:341 the depolymerization of plant polysaccharides in industrial processes 322:390 It is also the major carbon source for many fungi and enzymes of these fungi are essential for the depolymerization of plant polysaccharides in industrial processes. 26236396 11 34 theme plant 1840:1844 arg1 biomass 1846:1852 plant biomass 1840:1852 plant biomass 1840:1852 CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that Aspergillus species and possibly also other related fungi employ significantly different approaches to degrade plant biomass. 26236396 1 35 theme Plant 95:99 arg1 substrate 122:130 the major substrate 112:130 the major substrate for the production of biofuels and biochemicals, as well as food, textiles and other products 112:224 BACKGROUND Plant biomass is the major substrate for the production of biofuels and biochemicals, as well as food, textiles and other products. 26236396 1 35 theme Plant 95:99 arg1 biomass 101:107 BACKGROUND Plant biomass 84:107 BACKGROUND Plant biomass 84:107 BACKGROUND Plant biomass is the major substrate for the production of biofuels and biochemicals, as well as food, textiles and other products. 26236396 10 36 theme enzyme 1588:1593 arg1 sets 1595:1598 the enzyme sets 1584:1598 the enzyme sets produced on these feedstocks 1584:1627 In addition, significant differences were observed between the enzyme sets produced on these feedstocks, largely correlating with their polysaccharide composition. 26236396 9 37 theme wheat 1494:1498 arg1 bran 1500:1503 wheat bran 1494:1503 wheat bran 1494:1503 While many of the genes have orthologs in (nearly) all tested species, only very few of the corresponding enzymes are produced by all species during growth on wheat bran or sugar beet pulp. 26236396 6 38 theme biomass 993:999 arg1 degradation 972:982 the degradation 968:982 the degradation of plant biomass 968:999 In this study we have compared the genomic content and the enzymes produced by eight Aspergilli for the degradation of plant biomass. 26236396 3 39 theme complex 410:416 arg1 process 418:424 a highly complex process 401:424 a highly complex process that involves a large number of extracellular enzymes as well as non-hydrolytic proteins, whose production in fungi is controlled by a set of transcriptional regulators 401:593 This is a highly complex process that involves a large number of extracellular enzymes as well as non-hydrolytic proteins, whose production in fungi is controlled by a set of transcriptional regulators. 26236396 3 39 theme complex 410:416 arg1 This 393:396 This 393:396 This 393:396 This is a highly complex process that involves a large number of extracellular enzymes as well as non-hydrolytic proteins, whose production in fungi is controlled by a set of transcriptional regulators. 26236396 2 40 theme industrial 371:380 arg1 processes 382:390 industrial processes 371:390 industrial processes 371:390 It is also the major carbon source for many fungi and enzymes of these fungi are essential for the depolymerization of plant polysaccharides in industrial processes. 26236396 0 41 theme diverse 29:35 arg1 strategies 47:56 diverse enzymatic strategies 29:56 diverse enzymatic strategies 29:56 Closely related fungi employ diverse enzymatic strategies to degrade plant biomass. 26236396 13 42 theme biomass 2166:2172 arg1 saccharification 2140:2155 particular saccharification 2129:2155 particular saccharification of plant biomass for biofuel production 2129:2195 The results of this study indicate that combining the approaches from different species could result in improved enzyme mixtures for industrial applications, in particular saccharification of plant biomass for biofuel production. 26236396 7 43 contain has 1122:1124 arg2 ability 1158:1164 a strongly reduced pectinolytic ability 1126:1164 a strongly reduced pectinolytic ability 1126:1164 All tested Aspergilli have a similar genomic potential to degrade plant biomass, with the exception of A. clavatus that has a strongly reduced pectinolytic ability. 26236396 7 43 contain has 1122:1124 arg1 clavatus 1108:1115 A. clavatus 1105:1115 A. clavatus that has a strongly reduced pectinolytic ability 1105:1164 All tested Aspergilli have a similar genomic potential to degrade plant biomass, with the exception of A. clavatus that has a strongly reduced pectinolytic ability. 26236396 2 44 theme fungi 298:302 arg1 enzymes 281:287 enzymes 281:287 enzymes of these fungi 281:302 It is also the major carbon source for many fungi and enzymes of these fungi are essential for the depolymerization of plant polysaccharides in industrial processes. 26236396 13 45 theme biofuel 2178:2184 arg1 production 2186:2195 biofuel production 2178:2195 biofuel production 2178:2195 The results of this study indicate that combining the approaches from different species could result in improved enzyme mixtures for industrial applications, in particular saccharification of plant biomass for biofuel production. 26236396 8 46 dep they 1322:1325 arg1 employ 1327:1332 employ 1327:1332 employ 1327:1332 Despite this similar genomic potential their approaches to degrade plant biomass differ markedly in the overall activities as well as the specific enzymes they employ. 26236396 9 47 dep species 1397:1403 arg1 nearly 1378:1383 nearly 1378:1383 nearly 1378:1383 While many of the genes have orthologs in (nearly) all tested species, only very few of the corresponding enzymes are produced by all species during growth on wheat bran or sugar beet pulp. 26236396 11 48 theme related 1773:1779 arg1 fungi 1781:1785 other related fungi 1767:1785 other related fungi 1767:1785 CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that Aspergillus species and possibly also other related fungi employ significantly different approaches to degrade plant biomass. 26236396 13 49 theme particular 2129:2138 arg1 saccharification 2140:2155 particular saccharification 2129:2155 particular saccharification of plant biomass for biofuel production 2129:2195 The results of this study indicate that combining the approaches from different species could result in improved enzyme mixtures for industrial applications, in particular saccharification of plant biomass for biofuel production. 26236396 11 50 theme different 1808:1816 arg1 approaches 1818:1827 significantly different approaches 1794:1827 significantly different approaches 1794:1827 CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that Aspergillus species and possibly also other related fungi employ significantly different approaches to degrade plant biomass. 26236396 5 51 theme similar 805:811 arg1 approaches 823:832 similar enzymatic approaches 805:832 similar enzymatic approaches 805:832 RESULTS It is often assumed that related fungi use similar enzymatic approaches to degrade plant polysaccharides. 26236396 1 52 theme other 211:215 arg1 products 217:224 other products 211:224 other products 211:224 BACKGROUND Plant biomass is the major substrate for the production of biofuels and biochemicals, as well as food, textiles and other products. 26236396 7 53 theme plant 1068:1072 arg1 biomass 1074:1080 plant biomass 1068:1080 plant biomass 1068:1080 All tested Aspergilli have a similar genomic potential to degrade plant biomass, with the exception of A. clavatus that has a strongly reduced pectinolytic ability. 26236396 3 54 theme extracellular 458:470 arg1 enzymes 472:478 extracellular enzymes 458:478 extracellular enzymes as well as non-hydrolytic proteins 458:513 This is a highly complex process that involves a large number of extracellular enzymes as well as non-hydrolytic proteins, whose production in fungi is controlled by a set of transcriptional regulators. 26236396 4 55 used used 698:701 arg2 species 686:692 several species 678:692 several species 678:692 Aspergillus species form one of the best studied fungal genera in this field, and several species are used for the production of commercial enzyme cocktails. 26236396 13 56 theme industrial 2101:2110 arg1 applications 2112:2123 industrial applications 2101:2123 industrial applications 2101:2123 The results of this study indicate that combining the approaches from different species could result in improved enzyme mixtures for industrial applications, in particular saccharification of plant biomass for biofuel production. 26236396 10 57 located observed 1567:1574 arg2 differences 1550:1560 significant differences 1538:1560 significant differences 1538:1560 In addition, significant differences were observed between the enzyme sets produced on these feedstocks, largely correlating with their polysaccharide composition. 26236396 10 57 located observed 1567:1574 arg1 addition 1528:1535 addition 1528:1535 addition 1528:1535 In addition, significant differences were observed between the enzyme sets produced on these feedstocks, largely correlating with their polysaccharide composition. 26236396 3 58 theme proteins 506:513 arg1 number 448:453 a large number 440:453 a large number 440:453 This is a highly complex process that involves a large number of extracellular enzymes as well as non-hydrolytic proteins, whose production in fungi is controlled by a set of transcriptional regulators. 26236396 9 59 theme enzymes 1441:1447 arg1 few 1416:1418 few 1416:1418 few 1416:1418 While many of the genes have orthologs in (nearly) all tested species, only very few of the corresponding enzymes are produced by all species during growth on wheat bran or sugar beet pulp. 26236396 7 60 theme genomic 1039:1045 arg1 potential 1047:1055 a similar genomic potential 1029:1055 a similar genomic potential to degrade plant biomass 1029:1080 All tested Aspergilli have a similar genomic potential to degrade plant biomass, with the exception of A. clavatus that has a strongly reduced pectinolytic ability. 26236396 14 61 theme fungus 2342:2347 arg1 mixture 2322:2328 the mixture 2318:2328 the mixture of a single fungus, which is currently the most common approach used in biotechnology 2318:2414 Such an approach may result in a much better improvement of saccharification efficiency than adding specific enzymes to the mixture of a single fungus, which is currently the most common approach used in biotechnology. 26236396 2 62 theme major 242:246 arg1 It 227:228 It 227:228 It 227:228 It is also the major carbon source for many fungi and enzymes of these fungi are essential for the depolymerization of plant polysaccharides in industrial processes. 26236396 2 62 theme major 242:246 arg1 source 255:260 the major carbon source 238:260 the major carbon source for many fungi 238:275 It is also the major carbon source for many fungi and enzymes of these fungi are essential for the depolymerization of plant polysaccharides in industrial processes. 26236396 5 63 theme enzymatic 813:821 arg1 approaches 823:832 similar enzymatic approaches 805:832 similar enzymatic approaches 805:832 RESULTS It is often assumed that related fungi use similar enzymatic approaches to degrade plant polysaccharides. 26236396 9 64 contain have 1359:1362 arg1 many 1341:1344 many 1341:1344 many 1341:1344 While many of the genes have orthologs in (nearly) all tested species, only very few of the corresponding enzymes are produced by all species during growth on wheat bran or sugar beet pulp. 26236396 9 64 contain have 1359:1362 arg2 orthologs 1364:1372 orthologs 1364:1372 orthologs 1364:1372 While many of the genes have orthologs in (nearly) all tested species, only very few of the corresponding enzymes are produced by all species during growth on wheat bran or sugar beet pulp. 26236396 9 64 contain have 1359:1362 arg1 genes 1353:1357 the genes 1349:1357 the genes 1349:1357 While many of the genes have orthologs in (nearly) all tested species, only very few of the corresponding enzymes are produced by all species during growth on wheat bran or sugar beet pulp. 26236396 8 65 dep enzymes 1314:1320 arg1 they 1322:1325 they 1322:1325 they 1322:1325 Despite this similar genomic potential their approaches to degrade plant biomass differ markedly in the overall activities as well as the specific enzymes they employ. 26236396 8 66 theme genomic 1188:1194 arg1 potential 1196:1204 this similar genomic potential 1175:1204 this similar genomic potential 1175:1204 Despite this similar genomic potential their approaches to degrade plant biomass differ markedly in the overall activities as well as the specific enzymes they employ. 26236396 2 67 theme many 266:269 arg1 fungi 271:275 many fungi 266:275 many fungi 266:275 It is also the major carbon source for many fungi and enzymes of these fungi are essential for the depolymerization of plant polysaccharides in industrial processes. 26236396 12 68 theme fungi 1930:1934 arg1 populations 1915:1925 mixed populations 1909:1925 mixed populations of fungi 1909:1934 This makes sense from an ecological perspective where mixed populations of fungi together degrade plant biomass. 26236396 8 69 theme overall 1271:1277 arg1 activities 1279:1288 the overall activities 1267:1288 the overall activities as well as the specific enzymes they employ 1267:1332 Despite this similar genomic potential their approaches to degrade plant biomass differ markedly in the overall activities as well as the specific enzymes they employ. 26236396 13 70 theme enzyme 2081:2086 arg1 mixtures 2088:2095 improved enzyme mixtures 2072:2095 improved enzyme mixtures for industrial applications 2072:2123 The results of this study indicate that combining the approaches from different species could result in improved enzyme mixtures for industrial applications, in particular saccharification of plant biomass for biofuel production. 26236396 5 71 theme related 787:793 arg1 fungi 795:799 related fungi 787:799 related fungi 787:799 RESULTS It is often assumed that related fungi use similar enzymatic approaches to degrade plant polysaccharides. 26236396 12 72 theme ecological 1880:1889 arg1 perspective 1891:1901 an ecological perspective 1877:1901 an ecological perspective where mixed populations of fungi together degrade plant biomass 1877:1965 This makes sense from an ecological perspective where mixed populations of fungi together degrade plant biomass. 26236396 11 73 theme other 1767:1771 arg1 fungi 1781:1785 other related fungi 1767:1785 other related fungi 1767:1785 CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that Aspergillus species and possibly also other related fungi employ significantly different approaches to degrade plant biomass. 26236396 8 74 theme plant 1234:1238 arg1 biomass 1240:1246 degrade plant biomass 1226:1246 degrade plant biomass 1226:1246 Despite this similar genomic potential their approaches to degrade plant biomass differ markedly in the overall activities as well as the specific enzymes they employ. 26236396 11 75 dep CONCLUSIONS 1689:1699 arg1 demonstrate 1712:1722 demonstrate 1712:1722 demonstrate that Aspergillus species and possibly also other related fungi employ significantly different approaches to degrade plant biomass 1712:1852 CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that Aspergillus species and possibly also other related fungi employ significantly different approaches to degrade plant biomass. 26236396 3 76 theme transcriptional 568:582 arg1 regulators 584:593 transcriptional regulators 568:593 transcriptional regulators 568:593 This is a highly complex process that involves a large number of extracellular enzymes as well as non-hydrolytic proteins, whose production in fungi is controlled by a set of transcriptional regulators. 26236396 4 77 theme enzyme 736:741 arg1 cocktails 743:751 commercial enzyme cocktails 725:751 commercial enzyme cocktails 725:751 Aspergillus species form one of the best studied fungal genera in this field, and several species are used for the production of commercial enzyme cocktails. 26236396 0 78 theme plant 69:73 arg1 biomass 75:81 plant biomass 69:81 plant biomass 69:81 Closely related fungi employ diverse enzymatic strategies to degrade plant biomass. 26236396 9 79 from growth 1484:1489 arg1 bran 1500:1503 wheat bran 1494:1503 wheat bran 1494:1503 While many of the genes have orthologs in (nearly) all tested species, only very few of the corresponding enzymes are produced by all species during growth on wheat bran or sugar beet pulp. 26236396 9 79 from growth 1484:1489 arg1 beet 1514:1517 sugar beet 1508:1517 sugar beet 1508:1517 While many of the genes have orthologs in (nearly) all tested species, only very few of the corresponding enzymes are produced by all species during growth on wheat bran or sugar beet pulp. 26236396 4 80 theme studied 637:643 arg1 genera 652:657 the best studied fungal genera 628:657 the best studied fungal genera in this field 628:671 Aspergillus species form one of the best studied fungal genera in this field, and several species are used for the production of commercial enzyme cocktails. 26236396 7 81 theme pectinolytic 1145:1156 arg1 ability 1158:1164 a strongly reduced pectinolytic ability 1126:1164 a strongly reduced pectinolytic ability 1126:1164 All tested Aspergilli have a similar genomic potential to degrade plant biomass, with the exception of A. clavatus that has a strongly reduced pectinolytic ability. 26236396 5 82 theme plant 845:849 arg1 polysaccharides 851:865 plant polysaccharides 845:865 plant polysaccharides 845:865 RESULTS It is often assumed that related fungi use similar enzymatic approaches to degrade plant polysaccharides. 26236396 4 83 theme genera 652:657 arg1 genera 652:657 the best studied fungal genera 628:657 the best studied fungal genera in this field 628:671 Aspergillus species form one of the best studied fungal genera in this field, and several species are used for the production of commercial enzyme cocktails. 26236396 4 83 theme genera 652:657 arg1 one 621:623 one 621:623 one 621:623 Aspergillus species form one of the best studied fungal genera in this field, and several species are used for the production of commercial enzyme cocktails. 26236396 14 84 theme efficiency 2275:2284 arg1 improvement 2243:2253 a much better improvement 2229:2253 a much better improvement of saccharification efficiency 2229:2284 Such an approach may result in a much better improvement of saccharification efficiency than adding specific enzymes to the mixture of a single fungus, which is currently the most common approach used in biotechnology. 26236396 13 85 theme different 2038:2046 arg1 species 2048:2054 different species 2038:2054 different species 2038:2054 The results of this study indicate that combining the approaches from different species could result in improved enzyme mixtures for industrial applications, in particular saccharification of plant biomass for biofuel production. 26236396 14 86 theme better 2236:2241 arg1 improvement 2243:2253 a much better improvement 2229:2253 a much better improvement of saccharification efficiency 2229:2284 Such an approach may result in a much better improvement of saccharification efficiency than adding specific enzymes to the mixture of a single fungus, which is currently the most common approach used in biotechnology. 26236396 2 87 theme plant 346:350 arg1 polysaccharides 352:366 plant polysaccharides 346:366 plant polysaccharides 346:366 It is also the major carbon source for many fungi and enzymes of these fungi are essential for the depolymerization of plant polysaccharides in industrial processes. 26236396 0 88 theme related 8:14 arg1 fungi 16:20 Closely related fungi 0:20 Closely related fungi 0:20 Closely related fungi employ diverse enzymatic strategies to degrade plant biomass. 26236396 1 89 theme BACKGROUND 84:93 arg1 substrate 122:130 the major substrate 112:130 the major substrate for the production of biofuels and biochemicals, as well as food, textiles and other products 112:224 BACKGROUND Plant biomass is the major substrate for the production of biofuels and biochemicals, as well as food, textiles and other products. 26236396 1 89 theme BACKGROUND 84:93 arg1 biomass 101:107 BACKGROUND Plant biomass 84:107 BACKGROUND Plant biomass 84:107 BACKGROUND Plant biomass is the major substrate for the production of biofuels and biochemicals, as well as food, textiles and other products. 26236396 4 90 theme several 678:684 arg1 species 686:692 several species 678:692 several species 678:692 Aspergillus species form one of the best studied fungal genera in this field, and several species are used for the production of commercial enzyme cocktails. 26236396 7 91 contain have 1024:1027 arg2 potential 1047:1055 a similar genomic potential 1029:1055 a similar genomic potential to degrade plant biomass 1029:1080 All tested Aspergilli have a similar genomic potential to degrade plant biomass, with the exception of A. clavatus that has a strongly reduced pectinolytic ability. 26236396 7 91 contain have 1024:1027 arg1 Aspergilli 1013:1022 All tested Aspergilli 1002:1022 All tested Aspergilli 1002:1022 All tested Aspergilli have a similar genomic potential to degrade plant biomass, with the exception of A. clavatus that has a strongly reduced pectinolytic ability. 26236396 0 92 theme enzymatic 37:45 arg1 strategies 47:56 diverse enzymatic strategies 29:56 diverse enzymatic strategies 29:56 Closely related fungi employ diverse enzymatic strategies to degrade plant biomass. 26236396 1 93 theme food 192:195 arg1 production 140:149 the production 136:149 the production of biofuels and biochemicals, as well as food, textiles and other products 136:224 BACKGROUND Plant biomass is the major substrate for the production of biofuels and biochemicals, as well as food, textiles and other products. 26236396 6 94 theme plant 987:991 arg1 biomass 993:999 plant biomass 987:999 plant biomass 987:999 In this study we have compared the genomic content and the enzymes produced by eight Aspergilli for the degradation of plant biomass. 26236396 9 95 theme sugar 1508:1512 arg1 beet 1514:1517 sugar beet 1508:1517 sugar beet 1508:1517 While many of the genes have orthologs in (nearly) all tested species, only very few of the corresponding enzymes are produced by all species during growth on wheat bran or sugar beet pulp. 26236396 2 96 from depolymerization 326:341 arg1 processes 382:390 industrial processes 371:390 industrial processes 371:390 It is also the major carbon source for many fungi and enzymes of these fungi are essential for the depolymerization of plant polysaccharides in industrial processes. 26236396 4 97 theme commercial 725:734 arg1 cocktails 743:751 commercial enzyme cocktails 725:751 commercial enzyme cocktails 725:751 Aspergillus species form one of the best studied fungal genera in this field, and several species are used for the production of commercial enzyme cocktails. 26236396 14 98 theme common 2378:2383 arg1 fungus 2342:2347 a single fungus 2333:2347 a single fungus 2333:2347 Such an approach may result in a much better improvement of saccharification efficiency than adding specific enzymes to the mixture of a single fungus, which is currently the most common approach used in biotechnology. 26236396 14 98 theme common 2378:2383 arg1 approach 2385:2392 the most common approach 2369:2392 the most common approach used in biotechnology 2369:2414 Such an approach may result in a much better improvement of saccharification efficiency than adding specific enzymes to the mixture of a single fungus, which is currently the most common approach used in biotechnology. 26236396 3 99 theme large 442:446 arg1 number 448:453 a large number 440:453 a large number 440:453 This is a highly complex process that involves a large number of extracellular enzymes as well as non-hydrolytic proteins, whose production in fungi is controlled by a set of transcriptional regulators. 26236396 4 100 theme cocktails 743:751 arg1 production 711:720 the production 707:720 the production of commercial enzyme cocktails 707:751 Aspergillus species form one of the best studied fungal genera in this field, and several species are used for the production of commercial enzyme cocktails. 26236396 7 101 theme clavatus 1108:1115 arg1 exception 1092:1100 the exception 1088:1100 the exception of A. clavatus that has a strongly reduced pectinolytic ability 1088:1164 All tested Aspergilli have a similar genomic potential to degrade plant biomass, with the exception of A. clavatus that has a strongly reduced pectinolytic ability. 26236396 13 102 theme plant 2160:2164 arg1 biomass 2166:2172 plant biomass 2160:2172 plant biomass 2160:2172 The results of this study indicate that combining the approaches from different species could result in improved enzyme mixtures for industrial applications, in particular saccharification of plant biomass for biofuel production. 24309553 1 0 theme hydrazide 143:151 arg1 PAMAM 168:172 hydrazide functionalized PAMAM 143:172 hydrazide functionalized PAMAM 143:172 In this work, for the first time, hydrazide functionalized PAMAM was designed and synthesized for efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode. 24309553 1 1 theme glycopeptides 254:266 arg1 enrichment 231:240 efficient and selective enrichment 207:240 efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode 207:348 In this work, for the first time, hydrazide functionalized PAMAM was designed and synthesized for efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode. 24309553 0 2 theme soluble 87:93 arg1 nanopolymers 95:106 hydrazide functionalized soluble nanopolymers 62:106 hydrazide functionalized soluble nanopolymers 62:106 Highly specific enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides based on hydrazide functionalized soluble nanopolymers. 24309553 1 3 theme functionalized 153:166 arg1 PAMAM 168:172 hydrazide functionalized PAMAM 143:172 hydrazide functionalized PAMAM 143:172 In this work, for the first time, hydrazide functionalized PAMAM was designed and synthesized for efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode. 24309553 1 4 gly glycopeptides 254:266 arg1 samples 292:298 complex biological samples 273:298 complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode 273:348 In this work, for the first time, hydrazide functionalized PAMAM was designed and synthesized for efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode. 24309553 1 4 gly glycopeptides 254:266 arg2 glycopeptides 254:266 N-linked glycopeptides 245:266 N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode 245:348 In this work, for the first time, hydrazide functionalized PAMAM was designed and synthesized for efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode. 24309553 1 5 theme complex 273:279 arg1 samples 292:298 complex biological samples 273:298 complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode 273:348 In this work, for the first time, hydrazide functionalized PAMAM was designed and synthesized for efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode. 24309553 1 6 theme biological 281:290 arg1 samples 292:298 complex biological samples 273:298 complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode 273:348 In this work, for the first time, hydrazide functionalized PAMAM was designed and synthesized for efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode. 24309553 0 7 theme specific 7:14 arg1 enrichment 16:25 Highly specific enrichment 0:25 Highly specific enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides 0:51 Highly specific enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides based on hydrazide functionalized soluble nanopolymers. 24309553 1 8 from samples 292:298 arg1 enrichment 231:240 efficient and selective enrichment 207:240 efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode 207:348 In this work, for the first time, hydrazide functionalized PAMAM was designed and synthesized for efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode. 24309553 1 8 from samples 292:298 arg1 glycopeptides 254:266 N-linked glycopeptides 245:266 N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode 245:348 In this work, for the first time, hydrazide functionalized PAMAM was designed and synthesized for efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode. 24309553 1 9 link N-linked 245:252 arg1 glycopeptides 254:266 N-linked glycopeptides 245:266 N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode 245:348 In this work, for the first time, hydrazide functionalized PAMAM was designed and synthesized for efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode. 24309553 0 10 link N-linked 30:37 arg1 glycopeptides 39:51 N-linked glycopeptides 30:51 N-linked glycopeptides 30:51 Highly specific enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides based on hydrazide functionalized soluble nanopolymers. 24309553 1 11 theme FASP 306:309 arg1 mode 345:348 FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode 306:348 FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode 306:348 In this work, for the first time, hydrazide functionalized PAMAM was designed and synthesized for efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode. 24309553 0 12 theme glycopeptides 39:51 arg1 enrichment 16:25 Highly specific enrichment 0:25 Highly specific enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides 0:51 Highly specific enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides based on hydrazide functionalized soluble nanopolymers. 24309553 1 13 theme efficient 207:215 arg1 enrichment 231:240 efficient and selective enrichment 207:240 efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode 207:348 In this work, for the first time, hydrazide functionalized PAMAM was designed and synthesized for efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode. 24309553 0 14 theme N-linked 30:37 arg1 glycopeptides 39:51 N-linked glycopeptides 30:51 N-linked glycopeptides 30:51 Highly specific enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides based on hydrazide functionalized soluble nanopolymers. 24309553 1 15 theme filter-aided 312:323 arg1 FASP 306:309 FASP 306:309 FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode 306:348 In this work, for the first time, hydrazide functionalized PAMAM was designed and synthesized for efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode. 24309553 1 15 theme filter-aided 312:323 arg1 preparation 332:342 filter-aided sample preparation 312:342 filter-aided sample preparation 312:342 In this work, for the first time, hydrazide functionalized PAMAM was designed and synthesized for efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode. 24309553 1 16 theme sample 325:330 arg1 FASP 306:309 FASP 306:309 FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode 306:348 In this work, for the first time, hydrazide functionalized PAMAM was designed and synthesized for efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode. 24309553 1 16 theme sample 325:330 arg1 preparation 332:342 filter-aided sample preparation 312:342 filter-aided sample preparation 312:342 In this work, for the first time, hydrazide functionalized PAMAM was designed and synthesized for efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode. 24309553 1 17 theme selective 221:229 arg1 enrichment 231:240 efficient and selective enrichment 207:240 efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode 207:348 In this work, for the first time, hydrazide functionalized PAMAM was designed and synthesized for efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode. 24309553 1 18 from enrichment 231:240 arg1 samples 292:298 complex biological samples 273:298 complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode 273:348 In this work, for the first time, hydrazide functionalized PAMAM was designed and synthesized for efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode. 24309553 0 19 gly glycopeptides 39:51 arg2 glycopeptides 39:51 N-linked glycopeptides 30:51 N-linked glycopeptides 30:51 Highly specific enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides based on hydrazide functionalized soluble nanopolymers. 24309553 1 20 theme first 131:135 arg1 time 137:140 the first time 127:140 the first time 127:140 In this work, for the first time, hydrazide functionalized PAMAM was designed and synthesized for efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode. 24309553 0 21 theme functionalized 72:85 arg1 nanopolymers 95:106 hydrazide functionalized soluble nanopolymers 62:106 hydrazide functionalized soluble nanopolymers 62:106 Highly specific enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides based on hydrazide functionalized soluble nanopolymers. 24309553 0 22 theme hydrazide 62:70 arg1 nanopolymers 95:106 hydrazide functionalized soluble nanopolymers 62:106 hydrazide functionalized soluble nanopolymers 62:106 Highly specific enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides based on hydrazide functionalized soluble nanopolymers. 24309553 1 23 theme N-linked 245:252 arg1 glycopeptides 254:266 N-linked glycopeptides 245:266 N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode 245:348 In this work, for the first time, hydrazide functionalized PAMAM was designed and synthesized for efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples using FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) mode. 27509271 1 0 link β-O-linked 241:250 arg1 ribofuranose 252:263 a β-O-linked ribofuranose 239:263 a β-O-linked ribofuranose to the 5-OH of the deoxystreptamine ring of the parent pseudo-oligosaccharide antibiotic 239:352 We studied six pairs of aminoglycosides and their corresponding ribosylated derivatives synthesized by attaching a β-O-linked ribofuranose to the 5-OH of the deoxystreptamine ring of the parent pseudo-oligosaccharide antibiotic. 27509271 4 1 theme improved 1114:1121 arg1 efficacy 1123:1130 improved efficacy 1114:1130 improved efficacy 1114:1130 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 4 2 theme sugar 985:989 arg1 position 991:998 the 2' sugar position 978:998 the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose 978:1029 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 2 3 theme B 437:437 arg1 Ribosylation 355:366 Ribosylation 355:366 Ribosylation of the 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside kanamycin B 355:437 Ribosylation of the 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside kanamycin B led to improved selectivity for inhibition of prokaryotic relative to cytosolic eukaryotic in vitro translation. 27509271 1 4 theme deoxystreptamine 284:299 arg1 ring 301:304 the deoxystreptamine ring 280:304 the deoxystreptamine ring of the parent pseudo-oligosaccharide antibiotic 280:352 We studied six pairs of aminoglycosides and their corresponding ribosylated derivatives synthesized by attaching a β-O-linked ribofuranose to the 5-OH of the deoxystreptamine ring of the parent pseudo-oligosaccharide antibiotic. 27509271 0 5 theme Translation 113:123 arg1 Perturbation 87:98 Selective Perturbation 77:98 Selective Perturbation of Bacterial Translation 77:123 Effects of 5-O-Ribosylation of Aminoglycosides on Antimicrobial Activity and Selective Perturbation of Bacterial Translation. 27509271 0 5 theme Translation 113:123 arg1 Activity 64:71 Antimicrobial Activity 50:71 Antimicrobial Activity 50:71 Effects of 5-O-Ribosylation of Aminoglycosides on Antimicrobial Activity and Selective Perturbation of Bacterial Translation. 27509271 0 6 from Effects 0:6 arg1 Perturbation 87:98 Selective Perturbation 77:98 Selective Perturbation of Bacterial Translation 77:123 Effects of 5-O-Ribosylation of Aminoglycosides on Antimicrobial Activity and Selective Perturbation of Bacterial Translation. 27509271 0 6 from Effects 0:6 arg1 Activity 64:71 Antimicrobial Activity 50:71 Antimicrobial Activity 50:71 Effects of 5-O-Ribosylation of Aminoglycosides on Antimicrobial Activity and Selective Perturbation of Bacterial Translation. 27509271 3 7 theme ribosylated 627:637 arg1 derivatives 639:649 ribosylated derivatives 627:649 ribosylated derivatives 627:649 For the pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds neamine and nebramine, ribosylated derivatives were both more potent antimicrobials and more selective to inhibition of prokaryotic translation. 27509271 4 8 theme other 869:873 arg1 scaffolds 934:942 other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds 869:942 other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose 869:1029 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 4 9 theme streptamine 849:859 arg1 ring 861:864 the streptamine ring 845:864 the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose 845:1029 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 1 10 theme ring 301:304 arg1 5-OH 272:275 the 5-OH 268:275 the 5-OH of the deoxystreptamine ring of the parent pseudo-oligosaccharide antibiotic 268:352 We studied six pairs of aminoglycosides and their corresponding ribosylated derivatives synthesized by attaching a β-O-linked ribofuranose to the 5-OH of the deoxystreptamine ring of the parent pseudo-oligosaccharide antibiotic. 27509271 0 11 theme Bacterial 103:111 arg1 Translation 113:123 Bacterial Translation 103:123 Bacterial Translation 103:123 Effects of 5-O-Ribosylation of Aminoglycosides on Antimicrobial Activity and Selective Perturbation of Bacterial Translation. 27509271 3 12 dep scaffolds 594:602 arg1 neamine 604:610 neamine 604:610 neamine 604:610 For the pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds neamine and nebramine, ribosylated derivatives were both more potent antimicrobials and more selective to inhibition of prokaryotic translation. 27509271 3 12 dep scaffolds 594:602 arg1 scaffolds 594:602 the pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds 556:602 the pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds neamine and nebramine 556:624 For the pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds neamine and nebramine, ribosylated derivatives were both more potent antimicrobials and more selective to inhibition of prokaryotic translation. 27509271 3 12 dep scaffolds 594:602 arg1 nebramine 616:624 nebramine 616:624 nebramine 616:624 For the pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds neamine and nebramine, ribosylated derivatives were both more potent antimicrobials and more selective to inhibition of prokaryotic translation. 27509271 3 13 theme potent 666:671 arg1 antimicrobials 673:686 both more potent antimicrobials 656:686 both more potent antimicrobials 656:686 For the pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds neamine and nebramine, ribosylated derivatives were both more potent antimicrobials and more selective to inhibition of prokaryotic translation. 27509271 4 14 theme 5-OH 828:831 arg1 position 833:840 the 5-OH position 824:840 the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose 824:1029 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 4 15 theme aminoglycoside 1082:1095 arg1 antibiotics 1097:1107 novel aminoglycoside antibiotics 1076:1107 novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity 1076:1151 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 2 16 dep in 530:531 arg1 vitro 533:537 vitro 533:537 vitro 533:537 Ribosylation of the 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside kanamycin B led to improved selectivity for inhibition of prokaryotic relative to cytosolic eukaryotic in vitro translation. 27509271 3 17 theme pseudodisaccharide 560:577 arg1 neamine 604:610 neamine 604:610 neamine 604:610 For the pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds neamine and nebramine, ribosylated derivatives were both more potent antimicrobials and more selective to inhibition of prokaryotic translation. 27509271 3 17 theme pseudodisaccharide 560:577 arg1 scaffolds 594:602 the pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds 556:602 the pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds neamine and nebramine 556:624 For the pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds neamine and nebramine, ribosylated derivatives were both more potent antimicrobials and more selective to inhibition of prokaryotic translation. 27509271 3 17 theme pseudodisaccharide 560:577 arg1 nebramine 616:624 nebramine 616:624 nebramine 616:624 For the pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds neamine and nebramine, ribosylated derivatives were both more potent antimicrobials and more selective to inhibition of prokaryotic translation. 27509271 1 18 theme ribosylated 190:200 arg1 derivatives 202:212 their corresponding ribosylated derivatives 170:212 their corresponding ribosylated derivatives synthesized by attaching a β-O-linked ribofuranose to the 5-OH of the deoxystreptamine ring of the parent pseudo-oligosaccharide antibiotic 170:352 We studied six pairs of aminoglycosides and their corresponding ribosylated derivatives synthesized by attaching a β-O-linked ribofuranose to the 5-OH of the deoxystreptamine ring of the parent pseudo-oligosaccharide antibiotic. 27509271 4 19 link β-O-linked 1007:1016 arg1 ribofuranose 1018:1029 a β-O-linked ribofuranose 1005:1029 a β-O-linked ribofuranose 1005:1029 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 4 20 theme natural 875:881 arg1 scaffolds 934:942 other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds 869:942 other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose 869:1029 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 4 21 theme semisynthetic 886:898 arg1 scaffolds 934:942 other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds 869:942 other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose 869:1029 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 4 22 theme study 785:789 arg1 results 769:775 the results 765:775 the results of this study 765:789 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 2 23 theme in 530:531 arg1 translation 539:549 cytosolic eukaryotic in vitro translation 509:549 cytosolic eukaryotic in vitro translation 509:549 Ribosylation of the 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside kanamycin B led to improved selectivity for inhibition of prokaryotic relative to cytosolic eukaryotic in vitro translation. 27509271 4 24 theme scaffolds 934:942 arg1 ring 861:864 the streptamine ring 845:864 the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose 845:1029 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 4 25 theme ring 861:864 arg1 position 833:840 the 5-OH position 824:840 the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose 824:1029 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 2 26 theme cytosolic 509:517 arg1 translation 539:549 cytosolic eukaryotic in vitro translation 509:549 cytosolic eukaryotic in vitro translation 509:549 Ribosylation of the 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside kanamycin B led to improved selectivity for inhibition of prokaryotic relative to cytosolic eukaryotic in vitro translation. 27509271 0 27 theme 5-O-Ribosylation 11:26 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of 5-O-Ribosylation of Aminoglycosides on Antimicrobial Activity and Selective Perturbation of Bacterial Translation 0:123 Effects of 5-O-Ribosylation of Aminoglycosides on Antimicrobial Activity and Selective Perturbation of Bacterial Translation. 27509271 4 28 theme promising 1036:1044 arg1 avenue 1046:1051 a promising avenue 1034:1051 a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity 1034:1151 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 4 28 theme promising 1036:1044 arg1 modification 808:819 modification 808:819 modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose 808:1029 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 1 29 theme corresponding 176:188 arg1 derivatives 202:212 their corresponding ribosylated derivatives 170:212 their corresponding ribosylated derivatives synthesized by attaching a β-O-linked ribofuranose to the 5-OH of the deoxystreptamine ring of the parent pseudo-oligosaccharide antibiotic 170:352 We studied six pairs of aminoglycosides and their corresponding ribosylated derivatives synthesized by attaching a β-O-linked ribofuranose to the 5-OH of the deoxystreptamine ring of the parent pseudo-oligosaccharide antibiotic. 27509271 1 30 theme aminoglycosides 150:164 arg1 pairs 141:145 six pairs 137:145 six pairs of aminoglycosides 137:164 We studied six pairs of aminoglycosides and their corresponding ribosylated derivatives synthesized by attaching a β-O-linked ribofuranose to the 5-OH of the deoxystreptamine ring of the parent pseudo-oligosaccharide antibiotic. 27509271 1 30 theme aminoglycosides 150:164 arg1 derivatives 202:212 their corresponding ribosylated derivatives 170:212 their corresponding ribosylated derivatives synthesized by attaching a β-O-linked ribofuranose to the 5-OH of the deoxystreptamine ring of the parent pseudo-oligosaccharide antibiotic 170:352 We studied six pairs of aminoglycosides and their corresponding ribosylated derivatives synthesized by attaching a β-O-linked ribofuranose to the 5-OH of the deoxystreptamine ring of the parent pseudo-oligosaccharide antibiotic. 27509271 4 31 theme reduced 1136:1142 arg1 toxicity 1144:1151 reduced toxicity 1136:1151 reduced toxicity 1136:1151 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 1 32 theme antibiotic 343:352 arg1 ring 301:304 the deoxystreptamine ring 280:304 the deoxystreptamine ring of the parent pseudo-oligosaccharide antibiotic 280:352 We studied six pairs of aminoglycosides and their corresponding ribosylated derivatives synthesized by attaching a β-O-linked ribofuranose to the 5-OH of the deoxystreptamine ring of the parent pseudo-oligosaccharide antibiotic. 27509271 1 33 theme β-O-linked 241:250 arg1 ribofuranose 252:263 a β-O-linked ribofuranose 239:263 a β-O-linked ribofuranose to the 5-OH of the deoxystreptamine ring of the parent pseudo-oligosaccharide antibiotic 239:352 We studied six pairs of aminoglycosides and their corresponding ribosylated derivatives synthesized by attaching a β-O-linked ribofuranose to the 5-OH of the deoxystreptamine ring of the parent pseudo-oligosaccharide antibiotic. 27509271 4 34 dep results 769:775 arg1 basis 756:760 basis 756:760 basis 756:760 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 4 34 dep results 769:775 arg1 the 752:754 the 752:754 the 752:754 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 2 35 theme relative 497:504 arg1 inhibition 471:480 inhibition 471:480 inhibition of prokaryotic relative to cytosolic eukaryotic in vitro translation 471:549 Ribosylation of the 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside kanamycin B led to improved selectivity for inhibition of prokaryotic relative to cytosolic eukaryotic in vitro translation. 27509271 0 36 theme Aminoglycosides 31:45 arg1 5-O-Ribosylation 11:26 5-O-Ribosylation 11:26 5-O-Ribosylation of Aminoglycosides 11:45 Effects of 5-O-Ribosylation of Aminoglycosides on Antimicrobial Activity and Selective Perturbation of Bacterial Translation. 27509271 3 37 theme prokaryotic 724:734 arg1 translation 736:746 prokaryotic translation 724:746 prokaryotic translation 724:746 For the pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds neamine and nebramine, ribosylated derivatives were both more potent antimicrobials and more selective to inhibition of prokaryotic translation. 27509271 2 38 theme prokaryotic 485:495 arg1 relative 497:504 prokaryotic relative 485:504 prokaryotic relative to cytosolic eukaryotic in vitro translation 485:549 Ribosylation of the 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside kanamycin B led to improved selectivity for inhibition of prokaryotic relative to cytosolic eukaryotic in vitro translation. 27509271 4 39 theme antibiotics 1097:1107 arg1 development 1061:1071 the development 1057:1071 the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity 1057:1151 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 2 40 theme kanamycin 427:435 arg1 B 437:437 the 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside kanamycin B 371:437 the 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside kanamycin B 371:437 Ribosylation of the 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside kanamycin B led to improved selectivity for inhibition of prokaryotic relative to cytosolic eukaryotic in vitro translation. 27509271 0 41 theme Antimicrobial 50:62 arg1 Activity 64:71 Antimicrobial Activity 50:71 Antimicrobial Activity 50:71 Effects of 5-O-Ribosylation of Aminoglycosides on Antimicrobial Activity and Selective Perturbation of Bacterial Translation. 27509271 4 42 theme β-O-linked 1007:1016 arg1 ribofuranose 1018:1029 a β-O-linked ribofuranose 1005:1029 a β-O-linked ribofuranose 1005:1029 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 4 43 theme equatorial 958:967 arg1 amine 969:973 an equatorial amine 955:973 an equatorial amine 955:973 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 2 44 theme aminoglycoside 412:425 arg1 B 437:437 the 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside kanamycin B 371:437 the 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside kanamycin B 371:437 Ribosylation of the 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside kanamycin B led to improved selectivity for inhibition of prokaryotic relative to cytosolic eukaryotic in vitro translation. 27509271 4 45 theme aminoglycoside 919:932 arg1 scaffolds 934:942 other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds 869:942 other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose 869:1029 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 4 46 theme pseudodisaccharide 900:917 arg1 scaffolds 934:942 other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds 869:942 other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose 869:1029 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 4 47 with antibiotics 1097:1107 arg1 toxicity 1144:1151 reduced toxicity 1136:1151 reduced toxicity 1136:1151 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 4 47 with antibiotics 1097:1107 arg1 efficacy 1123:1130 improved efficacy 1114:1130 improved efficacy 1114:1130 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 2 48 theme 2-deoxystreptamine 393:410 arg1 B 437:437 the 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside kanamycin B 371:437 the 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside kanamycin B 371:437 Ribosylation of the 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside kanamycin B led to improved selectivity for inhibition of prokaryotic relative to cytosolic eukaryotic in vitro translation. 27509271 4 49 theme position 833:840 arg1 avenue 1046:1051 a promising avenue 1034:1051 a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity 1034:1151 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 4 49 theme position 833:840 arg1 modification 808:819 modification 808:819 modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose 808:1029 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 2 50 theme 4,6-disubstituted 375:391 arg1 B 437:437 the 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside kanamycin B 371:437 the 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside kanamycin B 371:437 Ribosylation of the 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside kanamycin B led to improved selectivity for inhibition of prokaryotic relative to cytosolic eukaryotic in vitro translation. 27509271 4 51 with position 991:998 arg1 ribofuranose 1018:1029 a β-O-linked ribofuranose 1005:1029 a β-O-linked ribofuranose 1005:1029 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 3 52 theme aminoglycoside 579:592 arg1 neamine 604:610 neamine 604:610 neamine 604:610 For the pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds neamine and nebramine, ribosylated derivatives were both more potent antimicrobials and more selective to inhibition of prokaryotic translation. 27509271 3 52 theme aminoglycoside 579:592 arg1 scaffolds 594:602 the pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds 556:602 the pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds neamine and nebramine 556:624 For the pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds neamine and nebramine, ribosylated derivatives were both more potent antimicrobials and more selective to inhibition of prokaryotic translation. 27509271 3 52 theme aminoglycoside 579:592 arg1 nebramine 616:624 nebramine 616:624 nebramine 616:624 For the pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds neamine and nebramine, ribosylated derivatives were both more potent antimicrobials and more selective to inhibition of prokaryotic translation. 27509271 0 53 theme Selective 77:85 arg1 Perturbation 87:98 Selective Perturbation 77:98 Selective Perturbation of Bacterial Translation 77:123 Effects of 5-O-Ribosylation of Aminoglycosides on Antimicrobial Activity and Selective Perturbation of Bacterial Translation. 27509271 3 54 theme translation 736:746 arg1 inhibition 710:719 inhibition 710:719 inhibition of prokaryotic translation 710:746 For the pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds neamine and nebramine, ribosylated derivatives were both more potent antimicrobials and more selective to inhibition of prokaryotic translation. 27509271 2 55 theme improved 446:453 arg1 selectivity 455:465 improved selectivity 446:465 improved selectivity for inhibition of prokaryotic relative to cytosolic eukaryotic in vitro translation 446:549 Ribosylation of the 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside kanamycin B led to improved selectivity for inhibition of prokaryotic relative to cytosolic eukaryotic in vitro translation. 27509271 4 56 contain containing 944:953 arg2 amine 969:973 an equatorial amine 955:973 an equatorial amine 955:973 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 4 56 contain containing 944:953 arg1 scaffolds 934:942 other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds 869:942 other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose 869:1029 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 27509271 2 57 theme eukaryotic 519:528 arg1 translation 539:549 cytosolic eukaryotic in vitro translation 509:549 cytosolic eukaryotic in vitro translation 509:549 Ribosylation of the 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside kanamycin B led to improved selectivity for inhibition of prokaryotic relative to cytosolic eukaryotic in vitro translation. 27509271 4 58 theme novel 1076:1080 arg1 antibiotics 1097:1107 novel aminoglycoside antibiotics 1076:1107 novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity 1076:1151 On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. 23702328 3 0 theme superoxide 498:507 arg1 dismutase 509:517 superoxide dismutase SODC 498:522 superoxide dismutase SODC 498:522 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 3 0 theme superoxide 498:507 arg1 glycoproteins 390:402 only very few glycoproteins 376:402 only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described 376:442 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 6 1 from dataset 1158:1164 arg1 combination 1109:1119 a combination 1107:1119 a combination of mass spectrometry techniques on a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins 1107:1205 After extensive data curation, we report glycosylation sites for thirteen Mtb glycoproteins using a combination of mass spectrometry techniques on a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins. 23702328 0 2 link O-linked 0:7 arg1 sites 23:27 O-linked glycosylation sites 0:27 O-linked glycosylation sites 0:27 O-linked glycosylation sites profiling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins. 23702328 10 3 theme protein-protein 1713:1727 arg1 interactions 1729:1740 protein-protein interactions 1713:1740 protein-protein interactions between host and pathogen 1713:1766 Glycoproteins are often responsible for protein-protein interactions between host and pathogen and thus represent interesting targets for vaccine development. 23702328 5 4 theme collision 852:860 arg1 dissociation 862:873 high energy collision dissociation 840:873 high energy collision dissociation 840:873 To validate the presence of glycoproteins, several strategies were pursued including collision induced dissociation, high energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation techniques, and bioinformatics analyses involving a neutral loss search for glycosylated moieties. 23702328 1 5 theme fatal 179:183 arg1 worldwide 205:213 fatal infectious diseases worldwide 179:213 fatal infectious diseases worldwide 179:213 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes tuberculosis, one of the leading causes of fatal infectious diseases worldwide. 23702328 1 6 theme diseases 196:203 arg1 worldwide 205:213 fatal infectious diseases worldwide 179:213 fatal infectious diseases worldwide 179:213 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes tuberculosis, one of the leading causes of fatal infectious diseases worldwide. 23702328 8 7 theme electron-transfer 1468:1484 arg1 dissociation 1486:1497 electron-transfer dissociation 1468:1497 electron-transfer dissociation 1468:1497 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, glycosylation sites in Mtb were characterized by collision-induced dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and high energy collision dissociation techniques. 23702328 2 8 theme glycosylated 299:310 arg1 proteins 312:319 glycosylated proteins 299:319 glycosylated proteins 299:319 Cell-cell recognition between the pathogen Mtb and its host is mediated in part by glycosylated proteins. 23702328 5 9 theme transfer 888:895 arg1 dissociation 897:908 electron transfer dissociation 879:908 electron transfer dissociation 879:908 To validate the presence of glycoproteins, several strategies were pursued including collision induced dissociation, high energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation techniques, and bioinformatics analyses involving a neutral loss search for glycosylated moieties. 23702328 9 10 gly glycosylation 1572:1584 arg2 sites 1586:1590 glycosylation sites 1572:1590 glycosylation sites 1572:1590 The identification of glycosylation sites is important for our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of Mtb. 23702328 4 11 theme liquid 644:649 arg1 spectrometry 671:682 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches and bioinformatic analyses 644:720 spectrometry 671:682 In this study, glycosylated proteins in Mtb culture filtrate were investigated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches and bioinformatic analyses. 23702328 2 12 theme pathogen 250:257 arg1 Mtb 259:261 the pathogen Mtb 246:261 the pathogen Mtb 246:261 Cell-cell recognition between the pathogen Mtb and its host is mediated in part by glycosylated proteins. 23702328 6 13 theme extensive 1015:1023 arg1 curation 1030:1037 extensive data curation 1015:1037 extensive data curation 1015:1037 After extensive data curation, we report glycosylation sites for thirteen Mtb glycoproteins using a combination of mass spectrometry techniques on a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins. 23702328 9 14 theme physiology 1634:1643 arg1 understanding 1613:1625 our understanding 1609:1625 our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of Mtb 1609:1670 The identification of glycosylation sites is important for our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of Mtb. 23702328 12 15 from Trends 1973:1978 arg1 Proteomics 1993:2002 Microbial Proteomics 1983:2002 Microbial Proteomics 1983:2002 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Trends in Microbial Proteomics. 23702328 7 16 theme first 1220:1224 arg1 study 1242:1246 the first glycoproteomics study 1216:1246 the first glycoproteomics study identifying glycosylation sites on mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins (CFP) on a global scale 1216:1345 This is the first glycoproteomics study identifying glycosylation sites on mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins (CFP) on a global scale. 23702328 7 16 theme first 1220:1224 arg1 This 1208:1211 This 1208:1211 This 1208:1211 This is the first glycoproteomics study identifying glycosylation sites on mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins (CFP) on a global scale. 23702328 3 17 from glycoproteins 330:342 arg1 Mtb 347:349 Mtb 347:349 Mtb 347:349 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 9 18 theme pathophysiology 1649:1663 arg1 understanding 1613:1625 our understanding 1609:1625 our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of Mtb 1609:1670 The identification of glycosylation sites is important for our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of Mtb. 23702328 0 19 theme filtrate 77:84 arg1 proteins 86:93 Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins 42:93 Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins 42:93 O-linked glycosylation sites profiling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins. 23702328 8 20 from SIGNIFICANCE 1359:1370 arg1 Mtb 1410:1412 Mtb 1410:1412 Mtb 1410:1412 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, glycosylation sites in Mtb were characterized by collision-induced dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and high energy collision dissociation techniques. 23702328 8 20 from SIGNIFICANCE 1359:1370 arg1 study 1380:1384 this study 1375:1384 this study 1375:1384 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, glycosylation sites in Mtb were characterized by collision-induced dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and high energy collision dissociation techniques. 23702328 9 21 theme Mtb 1668:1670 arg1 pathophysiology 1649:1663 pathophysiology 1649:1663 pathophysiology 1649:1663 The identification of glycosylation sites is important for our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of Mtb. 23702328 9 21 theme Mtb 1668:1670 arg1 physiology 1634:1643 physiology 1634:1643 physiology 1634:1643 The identification of glycosylation sites is important for our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of Mtb. 23702328 6 22 theme Mtb 1083:1085 arg1 glycoproteins 1087:1099 thirteen Mtb glycoproteins 1074:1099 thirteen Mtb glycoproteins using a combination of mass spectrometry techniques on a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins 1074:1205 After extensive data curation, we report glycosylation sites for thirteen Mtb glycoproteins using a combination of mass spectrometry techniques on a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins. 23702328 8 23 gly glycosylation 1387:1399 arg2 SIGNIFICANCE 1359:1370 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE 1348:1370 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study 1348:1384 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, glycosylation sites in Mtb were characterized by collision-induced dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and high energy collision dissociation techniques. 23702328 8 23 gly glycosylation 1387:1399 arg2 sites 1401:1405 glycosylation sites 1387:1405 glycosylation sites 1387:1405 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, glycosylation sites in Mtb were characterized by collision-induced dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and high energy collision dissociation techniques. 23702328 1 24 theme causes 169:174 arg1 one 150:152 one 150:152 one 150:152 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes tuberculosis, one of the leading causes of fatal infectious diseases worldwide. 23702328 1 24 theme causes 169:174 arg1 tuberculosis 136:147 tuberculosis 136:147 tuberculosis 136:147 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes tuberculosis, one of the leading causes of fatal infectious diseases worldwide. 23702328 1 24 theme causes 169:174 arg1 causes 169:174 the leading causes 157:174 the leading causes of fatal infectious diseases worldwide 157:213 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes tuberculosis, one of the leading causes of fatal infectious diseases worldwide. 23702328 8 25 theme collision-induced 1436:1452 arg1 dissociation 1454:1465 collision-induced dissociation 1436:1465 collision-induced dissociation 1436:1465 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, glycosylation sites in Mtb were characterized by collision-induced dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and high energy collision dissociation techniques. 23702328 3 26 gly glycoproteins 390:402 arg1 lpqH 537:540 lipoprotein lpqH 525:540 lipoprotein lpqH 525:540 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 3 26 gly glycoproteins 390:402 arg1 dismutase 509:517 superoxide dismutase SODC 498:522 superoxide dismutase SODC 498:522 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 3 26 gly glycoproteins 390:402 arg1 MPB83/MPT83 546:556 MPB83/MPT83 546:556 MPB83/MPT83 546:556 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 3 26 gly glycoproteins 390:402 arg1 glycoproteins 390:402 only very few glycoproteins 376:402 only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described 376:442 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 6 27 theme glycosylation 1050:1062 arg1 sites 1064:1068 glycosylation sites 1050:1068 glycosylation sites for thirteen Mtb glycoproteins using a combination of mass spectrometry techniques on a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins 1050:1205 After extensive data curation, we report glycosylation sites for thirteen Mtb glycoproteins using a combination of mass spectrometry techniques on a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins. 23702328 11 28 from limited 1865:1871 arg1 addition 1835:1842 addition 1835:1842 addition 1835:1842 In addition, our strategy is not limited to Mtb, but could be extended to other organisms. 23702328 3 29 dep glycoproteins 390:402 arg1 described 434:442 described 434:442 have been described 424:442 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 7 30 theme culture 1297:1303 arg1 filtrate 1305:1312 mycobacterial culture filtrate 1283:1312 mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins (CFP) 1283:1327 This is the first glycoproteomics study identifying glycosylation sites on mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins (CFP) on a global scale. 23702328 0 31 theme Mycobacterium 42:54 arg1 filtrate 77:84 Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate 42:84 Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins 42:93 O-linked glycosylation sites profiling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins. 23702328 1 32 theme Mycobacterium 96:108 arg1 Mtb 124:126 Mtb 124:126 Mtb 124:126 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes tuberculosis, one of the leading causes of fatal infectious diseases worldwide. 23702328 1 32 theme Mycobacterium 96:108 arg1 tuberculosis 110:121 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 96:121 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) 96:127 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes tuberculosis, one of the leading causes of fatal infectious diseases worldwide. 23702328 11 33 from addition 1835:1842 arg1 limited 1865:1871 limited 1865:1871 limited 1865:1871 In addition, our strategy is not limited to Mtb, but could be extended to other organisms. 23702328 3 34 theme SODC 519:522 arg1 dismutase 509:517 superoxide dismutase SODC 498:522 superoxide dismutase SODC 498:522 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 3 34 theme SODC 519:522 arg1 glycoproteins 390:402 only very few glycoproteins 376:402 only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described 376:442 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 8 35 theme dissociation 1486:1497 arg1 techniques 1538:1547 collision-induced dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and high energy collision dissociation techniques 1436:1547 collision-induced dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and high energy collision dissociation techniques 1436:1547 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, glycosylation sites in Mtb were characterized by collision-induced dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and high energy collision dissociation techniques. 23702328 0 36 theme O-linked 0:7 arg1 sites 23:27 O-linked glycosylation sites 0:27 O-linked glycosylation sites 0:27 O-linked glycosylation sites profiling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins. 23702328 4 37 gly glycosylated 574:585 arg1 proteins 587:594 glycosylated proteins 574:594 glycosylated proteins in Mtb culture filtrate 574:618 In this study, glycosylated proteins in Mtb culture filtrate were investigated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches and bioinformatic analyses. 23702328 5 38 theme glycoproteins 751:763 arg1 presence 739:746 the presence 735:746 the presence of glycoproteins 735:763 To validate the presence of glycoproteins, several strategies were pursued including collision induced dissociation, high energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation techniques, and bioinformatics analyses involving a neutral loss search for glycosylated moieties. 23702328 6 39 theme techniques 1142:1151 arg1 combination 1109:1119 a combination 1107:1119 a combination of mass spectrometry techniques on a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins 1107:1205 After extensive data curation, we report glycosylation sites for thirteen Mtb glycoproteins using a combination of mass spectrometry techniques on a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins. 23702328 8 40 theme high 1503:1506 arg1 dissociation 1525:1536 high energy collision dissociation 1503:1536 high energy collision dissociation 1503:1536 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, glycosylation sites in Mtb were characterized by collision-induced dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and high energy collision dissociation techniques. 23702328 7 41 theme glycosylation 1260:1272 arg1 sites 1274:1278 glycosylation sites 1260:1278 glycosylation sites on mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins (CFP) 1260:1327 This is the first glycoproteomics study identifying glycosylation sites on mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins (CFP) on a global scale. 23702328 6 42 theme mass 1124:1127 arg1 techniques 1142:1151 mass spectrometry techniques 1124:1151 mass spectrometry techniques on a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins 1124:1205 After extensive data curation, we report glycosylation sites for thirteen Mtb glycoproteins using a combination of mass spectrometry techniques on a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins. 23702328 8 43 theme collision 1515:1523 arg1 dissociation 1525:1536 high energy collision dissociation 1503:1536 high energy collision dissociation 1503:1536 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, glycosylation sites in Mtb were characterized by collision-induced dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and high energy collision dissociation techniques. 23702328 5 44 theme dissociation 826:837 arg1 techniques 910:919 dissociation, high energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation techniques 826:919 dissociation, high energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation techniques 826:919 To validate the presence of glycoproteins, several strategies were pursued including collision induced dissociation, high energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation techniques, and bioinformatics analyses involving a neutral loss search for glycosylated moieties. 23702328 0 45 gly glycosylation 9:21 arg2 sites 23:27 O-linked glycosylation sites 0:27 O-linked glycosylation sites 0:27 O-linked glycosylation sites profiling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins. 23702328 12 46 theme Issue 1957:1961 arg1 part 1939:1942 part 1939:1942 part of a Special Issue entitled: Trends in Microbial Proteomics 1939:2002 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Trends in Microbial Proteomics. 23702328 3 47 theme protein 485:491 arg1 apa 493:495 proline rich secreted protein apa 463:495 proline rich secreted protein apa 463:495 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 5 48 theme high 840:843 arg1 dissociation 862:873 high energy collision dissociation 840:873 high energy collision dissociation 840:873 To validate the presence of glycoproteins, several strategies were pursued including collision induced dissociation, high energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation techniques, and bioinformatics analyses involving a neutral loss search for glycosylated moieties. 23702328 3 49 gly glycoproteins 330:342 arg1 glycoproteins 330:342 glycoproteins 330:342 glycoproteins in Mtb 330:349 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 2 50 theme Cell-cell 216:224 arg1 recognition 226:236 Cell-cell recognition 216:236 Cell-cell recognition between the pathogen Mtb and its host 216:274 Cell-cell recognition between the pathogen Mtb and its host is mediated in part by glycosylated proteins. 23702328 3 51 theme rich 471:474 arg1 apa 493:495 proline rich secreted protein apa 463:495 proline rich secreted protein apa 463:495 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 3 52 theme lipoprotein 525:535 arg1 lpqH 537:540 lipoprotein lpqH 525:540 lipoprotein lpqH 525:540 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 3 52 theme lipoprotein 525:535 arg1 glycoproteins 390:402 only very few glycoproteins 376:402 only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described 376:442 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 3 53 dep alanine 451:457 arg1 e.g. 445:448 e.g. 445:448 e.g. 445:448 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 7 54 gly glycosylation 1260:1272 arg2 sites 1274:1278 glycosylation sites 1260:1278 glycosylation sites on mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins (CFP) 1260:1327 This is the first glycoproteomics study identifying glycosylation sites on mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins (CFP) on a global scale. 23702328 9 55 theme sites 1586:1590 arg1 important 1595:1603 important 1595:1603 important 1595:1603 The identification of glycosylation sites is important for our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of Mtb. 23702328 9 55 theme sites 1586:1590 arg1 identification 1554:1567 The identification 1550:1567 The identification of glycosylation sites 1550:1590 The identification of glycosylation sites is important for our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of Mtb. 23702328 6 56 theme culture 1181:1187 arg1 filtrate 1189:1196 culture filtrate 1181:1196 culture filtrate proteins 1181:1205 After extensive data curation, we report glycosylation sites for thirteen Mtb glycoproteins using a combination of mass spectrometry techniques on a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins. 23702328 4 57 theme culture 603:609 arg1 filtrate 611:618 Mtb culture filtrate 599:618 Mtb culture filtrate 599:618 In this study, glycosylated proteins in Mtb culture filtrate were investigated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches and bioinformatic analyses. 23702328 2 58 gly glycosylated 299:310 arg1 proteins 312:319 glycosylated proteins 299:319 glycosylated proteins 299:319 Cell-cell recognition between the pathogen Mtb and its host is mediated in part by glycosylated proteins. 23702328 6 59 gly glycoproteins 1087:1099 arg1 glycoproteins 1087:1099 thirteen Mtb glycoproteins 1074:1099 thirteen Mtb glycoproteins using a combination of mass spectrometry techniques on a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins 1074:1205 After extensive data curation, we report glycosylation sites for thirteen Mtb glycoproteins using a combination of mass spectrometry techniques on a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins. 23702328 7 60 theme global 1334:1339 arg1 scale 1341:1345 a global scale 1332:1345 a global scale 1332:1345 This is the first glycoproteomics study identifying glycosylation sites on mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins (CFP) on a global scale. 23702328 6 61 from techniques 1142:1151 arg1 dataset 1158:1164 a dataset 1156:1164 a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins 1156:1205 After extensive data curation, we report glycosylation sites for thirteen Mtb glycoproteins using a combination of mass spectrometry techniques on a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins. 23702328 5 62 theme neutral 962:968 arg1 loss 970:973 a neutral loss 960:973 a neutral loss search for glycosylated moieties 960:1006 To validate the presence of glycoproteins, several strategies were pursued including collision induced dissociation, high energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation techniques, and bioinformatics analyses involving a neutral loss search for glycosylated moieties. 23702328 4 63 theme glycosylated 574:585 arg1 proteins 587:594 glycosylated proteins 574:594 glycosylated proteins in Mtb culture filtrate 574:618 In this study, glycosylated proteins in Mtb culture filtrate were investigated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches and bioinformatic analyses. 23702328 1 64 theme infectious 185:194 arg1 worldwide 205:213 fatal infectious diseases worldwide 179:213 fatal infectious diseases worldwide 179:213 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes tuberculosis, one of the leading causes of fatal infectious diseases worldwide. 23702328 9 65 theme glycosylation 1572:1584 arg1 sites 1586:1590 glycosylation sites 1572:1590 glycosylation sites 1572:1590 The identification of glycosylation sites is important for our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of Mtb. 23702328 0 66 theme tuberculosis 56:67 arg1 filtrate 77:84 Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate 42:84 Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins 42:93 O-linked glycosylation sites profiling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins. 23702328 4 67 theme chromatography-mass 651:669 arg1 spectrometry 671:682 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches and bioinformatic analyses 644:720 spectrometry 671:682 In this study, glycosylated proteins in Mtb culture filtrate were investigated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches and bioinformatic analyses. 23702328 6 68 from combination 1109:1119 arg1 dataset 1158:1164 a dataset 1156:1164 a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins 1156:1205 After extensive data curation, we report glycosylation sites for thirteen Mtb glycoproteins using a combination of mass spectrometry techniques on a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins. 23702328 5 69 theme bioinformatics 926:939 arg1 analyses 941:948 bioinformatics analyses 926:948 bioinformatics analyses 926:948 To validate the presence of glycoproteins, several strategies were pursued including collision induced dissociation, high energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation techniques, and bioinformatics analyses involving a neutral loss search for glycosylated moieties. 23702328 1 70 theme worldwide 205:213 arg1 causes 169:174 the leading causes 157:174 the leading causes of fatal infectious diseases worldwide 157:213 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes tuberculosis, one of the leading causes of fatal infectious diseases worldwide. 23702328 5 71 theme loss 970:973 arg1 search 975:980 a neutral loss search 960:980 a neutral loss search for glycosylated moieties 960:1006 To validate the presence of glycoproteins, several strategies were pursued including collision induced dissociation, high energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation techniques, and bioinformatics analyses involving a neutral loss search for glycosylated moieties. 23702328 8 72 theme BIOLOGICAL 1348:1357 arg1 SIGNIFICANCE 1359:1370 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE 1348:1370 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study 1348:1384 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, glycosylation sites in Mtb were characterized by collision-induced dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and high energy collision dissociation techniques. 23702328 8 72 theme BIOLOGICAL 1348:1357 arg1 sites 1401:1405 glycosylation sites 1387:1405 glycosylation sites 1387:1405 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, glycosylation sites in Mtb were characterized by collision-induced dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and high energy collision dissociation techniques. 23702328 5 73 theme dissociation 897:908 arg1 techniques 910:919 dissociation, high energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation techniques 826:919 dissociation, high energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation techniques 826:919 To validate the presence of glycoproteins, several strategies were pursued including collision induced dissociation, high energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation techniques, and bioinformatics analyses involving a neutral loss search for glycosylated moieties. 23702328 6 74 theme data 1025:1028 arg1 curation 1030:1037 extensive data curation 1015:1037 extensive data curation 1015:1037 After extensive data curation, we report glycosylation sites for thirteen Mtb glycoproteins using a combination of mass spectrometry techniques on a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins. 23702328 5 75 gly glycosylated 986:997 arg1 moieties 999:1006 glycosylated moieties 986:1006 glycosylated moieties 986:1006 To validate the presence of glycoproteins, several strategies were pursued including collision induced dissociation, high energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation techniques, and bioinformatics analyses involving a neutral loss search for glycosylated moieties. 23702328 10 76 theme interesting 1787:1797 arg1 targets 1799:1805 interesting targets 1787:1805 interesting targets for vaccine development 1787:1829 Glycoproteins are often responsible for protein-protein interactions between host and pathogen and thus represent interesting targets for vaccine development. 23702328 7 77 theme filtrate 1305:1312 arg1 CFP 1324:1326 CFP 1324:1326 CFP 1324:1326 This is the first glycoproteomics study identifying glycosylation sites on mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins (CFP) on a global scale. 23702328 7 77 theme filtrate 1305:1312 arg1 proteins 1314:1321 mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins 1283:1321 mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins (CFP) 1283:1327 This is the first glycoproteomics study identifying glycosylation sites on mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins (CFP) on a global scale. 23702328 5 78 theme glycosylated 986:997 arg1 moieties 999:1006 glycosylated moieties 986:1006 glycosylated moieties 986:1006 To validate the presence of glycoproteins, several strategies were pursued including collision induced dissociation, high energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation techniques, and bioinformatics analyses involving a neutral loss search for glycosylated moieties. 23702328 8 79 theme glycosylation 1387:1399 arg1 SIGNIFICANCE 1359:1370 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE 1348:1370 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study 1348:1384 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, glycosylation sites in Mtb were characterized by collision-induced dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and high energy collision dissociation techniques. 23702328 8 79 theme glycosylation 1387:1399 arg1 sites 1401:1405 glycosylation sites 1387:1405 glycosylation sites 1387:1405 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, glycosylation sites in Mtb were characterized by collision-induced dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and high energy collision dissociation techniques. 23702328 11 80 theme other 1906:1910 arg1 organisms 1912:1920 other organisms 1906:1920 other organisms 1906:1920 In addition, our strategy is not limited to Mtb, but could be extended to other organisms. 23702328 5 81 theme electron 879:886 arg1 dissociation 897:908 electron transfer dissociation 879:908 electron transfer dissociation 879:908 To validate the presence of glycoproteins, several strategies were pursued including collision induced dissociation, high energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation techniques, and bioinformatics analyses involving a neutral loss search for glycosylated moieties. 23702328 4 82 theme bioinformatic 699:711 arg1 analyses 713:720 bioinformatic analyses 699:720 bioinformatic analyses 699:720 In this study, glycosylated proteins in Mtb culture filtrate were investigated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches and bioinformatic analyses. 23702328 12 83 theme Microbial 1983:1991 arg1 Proteomics 1993:2002 Microbial Proteomics 1983:2002 Microbial Proteomics 1983:2002 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Trends in Microbial Proteomics. 23702328 1 84 theme leading 161:167 arg1 causes 169:174 the leading causes 157:174 the leading causes of fatal infectious diseases worldwide 157:213 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes tuberculosis, one of the leading causes of fatal infectious diseases worldwide. 23702328 4 85 from proteins 587:594 arg1 filtrate 611:618 Mtb culture filtrate 599:618 Mtb culture filtrate 599:618 In this study, glycosylated proteins in Mtb culture filtrate were investigated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches and bioinformatic analyses. 23702328 3 86 gly glycosylation 404:416 arg2 sites 418:422 glycosylation sites 404:422 glycosylation sites 404:422 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 5 87 theme several 766:772 arg1 strategies 774:783 several strategies 766:783 several strategies 766:783 To validate the presence of glycoproteins, several strategies were pursued including collision induced dissociation, high energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation techniques, and bioinformatics analyses involving a neutral loss search for glycosylated moieties. 23702328 7 88 from sites 1274:1278 arg1 CFP 1324:1326 CFP 1324:1326 CFP 1324:1326 This is the first glycoproteomics study identifying glycosylation sites on mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins (CFP) on a global scale. 23702328 7 88 from sites 1274:1278 arg1 proteins 1314:1321 mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins 1283:1321 mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins (CFP) 1283:1327 This is the first glycoproteomics study identifying glycosylation sites on mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins (CFP) on a global scale. 23702328 8 89 theme dissociation 1454:1465 arg1 techniques 1538:1547 collision-induced dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and high energy collision dissociation techniques 1436:1547 collision-induced dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and high energy collision dissociation techniques 1436:1547 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, glycosylation sites in Mtb were characterized by collision-induced dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and high energy collision dissociation techniques. 23702328 7 90 theme mycobacterial 1283:1295 arg1 filtrate 1305:1312 mycobacterial culture filtrate 1283:1312 mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins (CFP) 1283:1327 This is the first glycoproteomics study identifying glycosylation sites on mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins (CFP) on a global scale. 23702328 5 91 theme energy 845:850 arg1 dissociation 862:873 high energy collision dissociation 840:873 high energy collision dissociation 840:873 To validate the presence of glycoproteins, several strategies were pursued including collision induced dissociation, high energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation techniques, and bioinformatics analyses involving a neutral loss search for glycosylated moieties. 23702328 3 92 theme few 386:388 arg1 lpqH 537:540 lipoprotein lpqH 525:540 lipoprotein lpqH 525:540 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 3 92 theme few 386:388 arg1 dismutase 509:517 superoxide dismutase SODC 498:522 superoxide dismutase SODC 498:522 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 3 92 theme few 386:388 arg1 MPB83/MPT83 546:556 MPB83/MPT83 546:556 MPB83/MPT83 546:556 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 3 92 theme few 386:388 arg1 glycoproteins 390:402 only very few glycoproteins 376:402 only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described 376:442 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 5 93 gly glycoproteins 751:763 arg1 glycoproteins 751:763 glycoproteins 751:763 glycoproteins 751:763 To validate the presence of glycoproteins, several strategies were pursued including collision induced dissociation, high energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation techniques, and bioinformatics analyses involving a neutral loss search for glycosylated moieties. 23702328 10 94 theme vaccine 1811:1817 arg1 development 1819:1829 vaccine development 1811:1829 vaccine development 1811:1829 Glycoproteins are often responsible for protein-protein interactions between host and pathogen and thus represent interesting targets for vaccine development. 23702328 5 95 theme dissociation 862:873 arg1 techniques 910:919 dissociation, high energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation techniques 826:919 dissociation, high energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation techniques 826:919 To validate the presence of glycoproteins, several strategies were pursued including collision induced dissociation, high energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation techniques, and bioinformatics analyses involving a neutral loss search for glycosylated moieties. 23702328 6 96 theme spectrometry 1129:1140 arg1 techniques 1142:1151 mass spectrometry techniques 1124:1151 mass spectrometry techniques on a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins 1124:1205 After extensive data curation, we report glycosylation sites for thirteen Mtb glycoproteins using a combination of mass spectrometry techniques on a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins. 23702328 7 97 theme glycoproteomics 1226:1240 arg1 study 1242:1246 the first glycoproteomics study 1216:1246 the first glycoproteomics study identifying glycosylation sites on mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins (CFP) on a global scale 1216:1345 This is the first glycoproteomics study identifying glycosylation sites on mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins (CFP) on a global scale. 23702328 7 97 theme glycoproteomics 1226:1240 arg1 This 1208:1211 This 1208:1211 This 1208:1211 This is the first glycoproteomics study identifying glycosylation sites on mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins (CFP) on a global scale. 23702328 8 98 theme energy 1508:1513 arg1 dissociation 1525:1536 high energy collision dissociation 1503:1536 high energy collision dissociation 1503:1536 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, glycosylation sites in Mtb were characterized by collision-induced dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and high energy collision dissociation techniques. 23702328 0 99 theme culture 69:75 arg1 filtrate 77:84 Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate 42:84 Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins 42:93 O-linked glycosylation sites profiling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins. 23702328 12 100 theme Special 1949:1955 arg1 Issue 1957:1961 a Special Issue 1947:1961 a Special Issue entitled: Trends in Microbial Proteomics 1947:2002 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Trends in Microbial Proteomics. 23702328 3 101 theme glycosylation 404:416 arg1 sites 418:422 glycosylation sites 404:422 glycosylation sites 404:422 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 8 102 theme dissociation 1525:1536 arg1 techniques 1538:1547 collision-induced dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and high energy collision dissociation techniques 1436:1547 collision-induced dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and high energy collision dissociation techniques 1436:1547 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, glycosylation sites in Mtb were characterized by collision-induced dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and high energy collision dissociation techniques. 23702328 6 103 gly glycosylation 1050:1062 arg2 sites 1064:1068 glycosylation sites 1050:1068 glycosylation sites for thirteen Mtb glycoproteins using a combination of mass spectrometry techniques on a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins 1050:1205 After extensive data curation, we report glycosylation sites for thirteen Mtb glycoproteins using a combination of mass spectrometry techniques on a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins. 23702328 4 104 theme Mtb 599:601 arg1 filtrate 611:618 Mtb culture filtrate 599:618 Mtb culture filtrate 599:618 In this study, glycosylated proteins in Mtb culture filtrate were investigated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches and bioinformatic analyses. 23702328 9 105 dep physiology 1634:1643 arg1 the 1630:1632 the 1630:1632 the 1630:1632 The identification of glycosylation sites is important for our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of Mtb. 23702328 3 106 theme secreted 476:483 arg1 apa 493:495 proline rich secreted protein apa 463:495 proline rich secreted protein apa 463:495 So far, glycoproteins in Mtb are understudied and for only very few glycoproteins glycosylation sites have been described, e.g., alanine and proline rich secreted protein apa, superoxide dismutase SODC, lipoprotein lpqH and MPB83/MPT83. 23702328 4 107 dep spectrometry 671:682 arg1 approaches 684:693 approaches 684:693 approaches 684:693 In this study, glycosylated proteins in Mtb culture filtrate were investigated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches and bioinformatic analyses. 23702328 6 108 theme filtrate 1189:1196 arg1 proteins 1198:1205 culture filtrate proteins 1181:1205 culture filtrate proteins 1181:1205 After extensive data curation, we report glycosylation sites for thirteen Mtb glycoproteins using a combination of mass spectrometry techniques on a dataset collected from culture filtrate proteins. 23702328 0 109 theme glycosylation 9:21 arg1 sites 23:27 O-linked glycosylation sites 0:27 O-linked glycosylation sites 0:27 O-linked glycosylation sites profiling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins. 24664807 3 0 theme glycopeptide 439:450 arg1 identification 452:465 glycopeptide identification 439:465 glycopeptide identification 439:465 Here we report that sialic acid, a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans may react with this chemical, and this side reaction may compromise glycopeptide identification when ETD spectra are the only MS/MS data used in the database search. 24664807 3 1 theme sialic 302:307 arg1 acid 309:312 sialic acid 302:312 sialic acid 302:312 Here we report that sialic acid, a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans may react with this chemical, and this side reaction may compromise glycopeptide identification when ETD spectra are the only MS/MS data used in the database search. 24664807 3 1 theme sialic 302:307 arg1 unit 334:337 a common 'capping' unit 315:337 a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans 315:369 Here we report that sialic acid, a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans may react with this chemical, and this side reaction may compromise glycopeptide identification when ETD spectra are the only MS/MS data used in the database search. 24664807 4 2 theme carboxyl 747:754 arg1 group 756:760 the acidic carboxyl group 736:760 the acidic carboxyl group was 'neutralized'--it 736:782 We show that the modification may alter N- as well as O-linked glycans, the Tris-derivative is still prone to fragmentation both in 'beam-type' CID (HCD) and ETD experiments, at the same time--since the acidic carboxyl group was 'neutralized'--it will display a different retention time than its unmodified counterpart. 24664807 1 3 theme used 144:147 arg1 ingredients 156:166 the most frequently used buffer ingredients 124:166 the most frequently used buffer ingredients 124:166 Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) is one of the most frequently used buffer ingredients. 24664807 5 4 gly glycopeptide 982:993 arg2 glycopeptide 982:993 glycopeptide assignments 982:1005 glycopeptide assignments 982:1005 We also suggest solutions that--when incorporated into existing search engines--may significantly improve the reliability of glycopeptide assignments. 24664807 4 5 theme unmodified 833:842 arg1 counterpart 844:854 its unmodified counterpart 829:854 its unmodified counterpart 829:854 We show that the modification may alter N- as well as O-linked glycans, the Tris-derivative is still prone to fragmentation both in 'beam-type' CID (HCD) and ETD experiments, at the same time--since the acidic carboxyl group was 'neutralized'--it will display a different retention time than its unmodified counterpart. 24664807 2 6 theme glycopeptides 267:279 arg1 enrichment 253:262 lectin-based affinity enrichment 231:262 lectin-based affinity enrichment of glycopeptides 231:279 Among other things, it is recommended and is usually used for lectin-based affinity enrichment of glycopeptides. 24664807 3 7 theme capping 325:331 arg1 acid 309:312 sialic acid 302:312 sialic acid 302:312 Here we report that sialic acid, a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans may react with this chemical, and this side reaction may compromise glycopeptide identification when ETD spectra are the only MS/MS data used in the database search. 24664807 3 7 theme capping 325:331 arg1 unit 334:337 a common 'capping' unit 315:337 a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans 315:369 Here we report that sialic acid, a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans may react with this chemical, and this side reaction may compromise glycopeptide identification when ETD spectra are the only MS/MS data used in the database search. 24664807 3 8 theme only 492:495 arg1 data 503:506 the only MS/MS data 488:506 the only MS/MS data used in the database search 488:534 Here we report that sialic acid, a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans may react with this chemical, and this side reaction may compromise glycopeptide identification when ETD spectra are the only MS/MS data used in the database search. 24664807 3 8 theme only 492:495 arg1 spectra 476:482 ETD spectra 472:482 ETD spectra 472:482 Here we report that sialic acid, a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans may react with this chemical, and this side reaction may compromise glycopeptide identification when ETD spectra are the only MS/MS data used in the database search. 24664807 1 9 theme Tris 75:78 arg1 aminomethane 94:105 Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane 75:105 Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) 75:112 Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) is one of the most frequently used buffer ingredients. 24664807 1 9 theme Tris 75:78 arg1 Tris 108:111 Tris 108:111 Tris 108:111 Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) is one of the most frequently used buffer ingredients. 24664807 3 10 from unit 334:337 arg1 N- 347:348 N- 347:348 N- 347:348 Here we report that sialic acid, a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans may react with this chemical, and this side reaction may compromise glycopeptide identification when ETD spectra are the only MS/MS data used in the database search. 24664807 3 10 from unit 334:337 arg1 glycans 363:369 O-linked glycans 354:369 O-linked glycans 354:369 Here we report that sialic acid, a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans may react with this chemical, and this side reaction may compromise glycopeptide identification when ETD spectra are the only MS/MS data used in the database search. 24664807 2 11 used used 222:225 arg2 it 189:190 it 189:190 it 189:190 Among other things, it is recommended and is usually used for lectin-based affinity enrichment of glycopeptides. 24664807 1 12 theme buffer 149:154 arg1 ingredients 156:166 the most frequently used buffer ingredients 124:166 the most frequently used buffer ingredients 124:166 Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) is one of the most frequently used buffer ingredients. 24664807 3 13 theme common 317:322 arg1 acid 309:312 sialic acid 302:312 sialic acid 302:312 Here we report that sialic acid, a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans may react with this chemical, and this side reaction may compromise glycopeptide identification when ETD spectra are the only MS/MS data used in the database search. 24664807 3 13 theme common 317:322 arg1 unit 334:337 a common 'capping' unit 315:337 a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans 315:369 Here we report that sialic acid, a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans may react with this chemical, and this side reaction may compromise glycopeptide identification when ETD spectra are the only MS/MS data used in the database search. 24664807 3 14 theme O-linked 354:361 arg1 glycans 363:369 O-linked glycans 354:369 O-linked glycans 354:369 Here we report that sialic acid, a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans may react with this chemical, and this side reaction may compromise glycopeptide identification when ETD spectra are the only MS/MS data used in the database search. 24664807 2 15 theme affinity 244:251 arg1 enrichment 253:262 lectin-based affinity enrichment 231:262 lectin-based affinity enrichment of glycopeptides 231:279 Among other things, it is recommended and is usually used for lectin-based affinity enrichment of glycopeptides. 24664807 1 16 theme ingredients 156:166 arg1 one 117:119 one 117:119 one 117:119 Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) is one of the most frequently used buffer ingredients. 24664807 1 16 theme ingredients 156:166 arg1 ingredients 156:166 the most frequently used buffer ingredients 124:166 the most frequently used buffer ingredients 124:166 Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) is one of the most frequently used buffer ingredients. 24664807 0 17 theme side 7:10 arg1 reaction 12:19 Glycan side reaction 0:19 Glycan side reaction 0:19 Glycan side reaction may compromise ETD-based glycopeptide identification. 24664807 4 18 theme acidic 740:745 arg1 group 756:760 the acidic carboxyl group 736:760 the acidic carboxyl group was 'neutralized'--it 736:782 We show that the modification may alter N- as well as O-linked glycans, the Tris-derivative is still prone to fragmentation both in 'beam-type' CID (HCD) and ETD experiments, at the same time--since the acidic carboxyl group was 'neutralized'--it will display a different retention time than its unmodified counterpart. 24664807 4 19 theme O-linked 591:598 arg1 glycans 600:606 O-linked glycans 591:606 N- as well as O-linked glycans 577:606 We show that the modification may alter N- as well as O-linked glycans, the Tris-derivative is still prone to fragmentation both in 'beam-type' CID (HCD) and ETD experiments, at the same time--since the acidic carboxyl group was 'neutralized'--it will display a different retention time than its unmodified counterpart. 24664807 0 20 theme Glycan 0:5 arg1 reaction 12:19 Glycan side reaction 0:19 Glycan side reaction 0:19 Glycan side reaction may compromise ETD-based glycopeptide identification. 24664807 5 21 theme glycopeptide 982:993 arg1 assignments 995:1005 glycopeptide assignments 982:1005 glycopeptide assignments 982:1005 We also suggest solutions that--when incorporated into existing search engines--may significantly improve the reliability of glycopeptide assignments. 24664807 4 22 theme ETD 695:697 arg1 experiments 699:709 ETD experiments 695:709 ETD experiments 695:709 We show that the modification may alter N- as well as O-linked glycans, the Tris-derivative is still prone to fragmentation both in 'beam-type' CID (HCD) and ETD experiments, at the same time--since the acidic carboxyl group was 'neutralized'--it will display a different retention time than its unmodified counterpart. 24664807 4 23 theme retention 809:817 arg1 time 819:822 a different retention time 797:822 a different retention time 797:822 We show that the modification may alter N- as well as O-linked glycans, the Tris-derivative is still prone to fragmentation both in 'beam-type' CID (HCD) and ETD experiments, at the same time--since the acidic carboxyl group was 'neutralized'--it will display a different retention time than its unmodified counterpart. 24664807 3 24 theme MS/MS 497:501 arg1 data 503:506 the only MS/MS data 488:506 the only MS/MS data used in the database search 488:534 Here we report that sialic acid, a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans may react with this chemical, and this side reaction may compromise glycopeptide identification when ETD spectra are the only MS/MS data used in the database search. 24664807 3 24 theme MS/MS 497:501 arg1 spectra 476:482 ETD spectra 472:482 ETD spectra 472:482 Here we report that sialic acid, a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans may react with this chemical, and this side reaction may compromise glycopeptide identification when ETD spectra are the only MS/MS data used in the database search. 24664807 5 25 theme search 921:926 arg1 engines--may 928:939 search engines--may 921:939 search engines--may 921:939 We also suggest solutions that--when incorporated into existing search engines--may significantly improve the reliability of glycopeptide assignments. 24664807 4 26 theme different 799:807 arg1 time 819:822 a different retention time 797:822 a different retention time 797:822 We show that the modification may alter N- as well as O-linked glycans, the Tris-derivative is still prone to fragmentation both in 'beam-type' CID (HCD) and ETD experiments, at the same time--since the acidic carboxyl group was 'neutralized'--it will display a different retention time than its unmodified counterpart. 24664807 5 27 theme assignments 995:1005 arg1 reliability 967:977 the reliability 963:977 the reliability of glycopeptide assignments 963:1005 We also suggest solutions that--when incorporated into existing search engines--may significantly improve the reliability of glycopeptide assignments. 24664807 5 28 dep existing 912:919 arg1 improve 955:961 improve 955:961 existing search engines--may significantly improve the reliability of glycopeptide assignments 912:1005 We also suggest solutions that--when incorporated into existing search engines--may significantly improve the reliability of glycopeptide assignments. 24664807 0 29 theme ETD-based 36:44 arg1 identification 59:72 ETD-based glycopeptide identification 36:72 ETD-based glycopeptide identification 36:72 Glycan side reaction may compromise ETD-based glycopeptide identification. 24664807 4 30 link O-linked 591:598 arg1 glycans 600:606 O-linked glycans 591:606 N- as well as O-linked glycans 577:606 We show that the modification may alter N- as well as O-linked glycans, the Tris-derivative is still prone to fragmentation both in 'beam-type' CID (HCD) and ETD experiments, at the same time--since the acidic carboxyl group was 'neutralized'--it will display a different retention time than its unmodified counterpart. 24664807 4 31 theme beam-type 670:678 arg1 HCD 686:688 HCD 686:688 HCD 686:688 We show that the modification may alter N- as well as O-linked glycans, the Tris-derivative is still prone to fragmentation both in 'beam-type' CID (HCD) and ETD experiments, at the same time--since the acidic carboxyl group was 'neutralized'--it will display a different retention time than its unmodified counterpart. 24664807 4 31 theme beam-type 670:678 arg1 CID 681:683 'beam-type' CID 669:683 'beam-type' CID (HCD) 669:689 We show that the modification may alter N- as well as O-linked glycans, the Tris-derivative is still prone to fragmentation both in 'beam-type' CID (HCD) and ETD experiments, at the same time--since the acidic carboxyl group was 'neutralized'--it will display a different retention time than its unmodified counterpart. 24664807 3 32 link O-linked 354:361 arg1 glycans 363:369 O-linked glycans 354:369 O-linked glycans 354:369 Here we report that sialic acid, a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans may react with this chemical, and this side reaction may compromise glycopeptide identification when ETD spectra are the only MS/MS data used in the database search. 24664807 0 33 theme glycopeptide 46:57 arg1 identification 59:72 ETD-based glycopeptide identification 36:72 ETD-based glycopeptide identification 36:72 Glycan side reaction may compromise ETD-based glycopeptide identification. 24664807 4 34 theme same 719:722 arg1 time--since 724:734 the same time--since 715:734 the same time--since 715:734 We show that the modification may alter N- as well as O-linked glycans, the Tris-derivative is still prone to fragmentation both in 'beam-type' CID (HCD) and ETD experiments, at the same time--since the acidic carboxyl group was 'neutralized'--it will display a different retention time than its unmodified counterpart. 24664807 3 35 theme database 520:527 arg1 search 529:534 the database search 516:534 the database search 516:534 Here we report that sialic acid, a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans may react with this chemical, and this side reaction may compromise glycopeptide identification when ETD spectra are the only MS/MS data used in the database search. 24664807 2 36 theme lectin-based 231:242 arg1 enrichment 253:262 lectin-based affinity enrichment 231:262 lectin-based affinity enrichment of glycopeptides 231:279 Among other things, it is recommended and is usually used for lectin-based affinity enrichment of glycopeptides. 24664807 3 37 theme side 410:413 arg1 reaction 415:422 this side reaction 405:422 this side reaction 405:422 Here we report that sialic acid, a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans may react with this chemical, and this side reaction may compromise glycopeptide identification when ETD spectra are the only MS/MS data used in the database search. 24664807 3 38 gly glycopeptide 439:450 arg2 glycopeptide 439:450 glycopeptide identification 439:465 glycopeptide identification 439:465 Here we report that sialic acid, a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans may react with this chemical, and this side reaction may compromise glycopeptide identification when ETD spectra are the only MS/MS data used in the database search. 24664807 4 39 dep fragmentation 647:659 arg1 both 661:664 both 661:664 both 661:664 We show that the modification may alter N- as well as O-linked glycans, the Tris-derivative is still prone to fragmentation both in 'beam-type' CID (HCD) and ETD experiments, at the same time--since the acidic carboxyl group was 'neutralized'--it will display a different retention time than its unmodified counterpart. 24664807 2 40 theme other 175:179 arg1 things 181:186 other things 175:186 other things 175:186 Among other things, it is recommended and is usually used for lectin-based affinity enrichment of glycopeptides. 24664807 0 41 gly glycopeptide 46:57 arg2 glycopeptide 46:57 ETD-based glycopeptide identification 36:72 ETD-based glycopeptide identification 36:72 Glycan side reaction may compromise ETD-based glycopeptide identification. 24664807 3 42 theme ETD 472:474 arg1 data 503:506 the only MS/MS data 488:506 the only MS/MS data used in the database search 488:534 Here we report that sialic acid, a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans may react with this chemical, and this side reaction may compromise glycopeptide identification when ETD spectra are the only MS/MS data used in the database search. 24664807 3 42 theme ETD 472:474 arg1 spectra 476:482 ETD spectra 472:482 ETD spectra 472:482 Here we report that sialic acid, a common 'capping' unit in both N- and O-linked glycans may react with this chemical, and this side reaction may compromise glycopeptide identification when ETD spectra are the only MS/MS data used in the database search. 24664807 2 43 gly glycopeptides 267:279 arg2 glycopeptides 267:279 glycopeptides 267:279 glycopeptides 267:279 Among other things, it is recommended and is usually used for lectin-based affinity enrichment of glycopeptides. 28450392 4 0 dep residues 885:892 arg1 Lys-16 894:899 Lys-16 894:899 Lys-16 894:899 Knocking down or overexpressing OGT1 in human cells remarkably affected the global acetylation of histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8. 28450392 4 0 dep residues 885:892 arg1 residues 885:892 histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8 874:917 histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8 874:917 Knocking down or overexpressing OGT1 in human cells remarkably affected the global acetylation of histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8. 28450392 4 0 dep residues 885:892 arg1 Lys-5 902:906 Lys-5 902:906 Lys-5 902:906 Knocking down or overexpressing OGT1 in human cells remarkably affected the global acetylation of histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8. 28450392 4 0 dep residues 885:892 arg1 Lys-8 913:917 Lys-8 913:917 Lys-8 913:917 Knocking down or overexpressing OGT1 in human cells remarkably affected the global acetylation of histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8. 28450392 7 1 theme wheat 1207:1211 arg1 agglutinin 1218:1227 wheat germ agglutinin 1207:1227 wheat germ agglutinin affinity purification 1207:1249 In addition, wheat germ agglutinin affinity purification verified the occurrence of O-GlcNAc modification on NSL3 in cells. 28450392 2 2 theme O-GlcNAc 383:390 arg1 activity 404:411 the O-GlcNAc transferase activity 379:411 the O-GlcNAc transferase activity of OGT1 379:419 However, whether the O-GlcNAc transferase activity of OGT1 controls histone acetyltransferase activity of the NSL complex and whether OGT1 physically interacts with the other NSL complex subunits remain unclear. 28450392 10 3 from levels 1622:1627 arg1 cells 1663:1667 cells 1663:1667 cells 1663:1667 Furthermore, stabilization of NSL3 by OGT1-WT significantly increased the global acetylation levels of H4 Lys-5, Lys-8, and Lys-16 in cells. 28450392 4 4 theme global 852:857 arg1 acetylation 859:869 the global acetylation 848:869 the global acetylation of histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8 848:917 Knocking down or overexpressing OGT1 in human cells remarkably affected the global acetylation of histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8. 28450392 6 5 theme in 1090:1091 arg1 assays 1120:1125 in vitro O-GlcNAc transferase assays 1090:1125 in vitro O-GlcNAc transferase assays 1090:1125 Co-transfection/co-immunoprecipitation experiments combined with in vitro O-GlcNAc transferase assays confirmed that OGT1 specifically binds to and O-GlcNAcylates NSL3. 28450392 0 6 theme nonspecific 108:118 arg1 NSL3 135:138 the nonspecific lethal protein NSL3 104:138 the nonspecific lethal protein NSL3 104:138 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 1 regulates global histone H4 acetylation via stabilization of the nonspecific lethal protein NSL3. 28450392 4 7 theme histone 874:880 arg1 Lys-16 894:899 Lys-16 894:899 Lys-16 894:899 Knocking down or overexpressing OGT1 in human cells remarkably affected the global acetylation of histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8. 28450392 4 7 theme histone 874:880 arg1 residues 885:892 histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8 874:917 histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8 874:917 Knocking down or overexpressing OGT1 in human cells remarkably affected the global acetylation of histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8. 28450392 4 7 theme histone 874:880 arg1 Lys-5 902:906 Lys-5 902:906 Lys-5 902:906 Knocking down or overexpressing OGT1 in human cells remarkably affected the global acetylation of histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8. 28450392 4 7 theme histone 874:880 arg1 Lys-8 913:917 Lys-8 913:917 Lys-8 913:917 Knocking down or overexpressing OGT1 in human cells remarkably affected the global acetylation of histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8. 28450392 10 8 theme Lys-16 1653:1658 arg1 levels 1622:1627 the global acetylation levels 1599:1627 the global acetylation levels of H4 Lys-5, Lys-8, and Lys-16 in cells 1599:1667 Furthermore, stabilization of NSL3 by OGT1-WT significantly increased the global acetylation levels of H4 Lys-5, Lys-8, and Lys-16 in cells. 28450392 10 9 theme acetylation 1610:1620 arg1 levels 1622:1627 the global acetylation levels 1599:1627 the global acetylation levels of H4 Lys-5, Lys-8, and Lys-16 in cells 1599:1667 Furthermore, stabilization of NSL3 by OGT1-WT significantly increased the global acetylation levels of H4 Lys-5, Lys-8, and Lys-16 in cells. 28450392 9 10 theme O-GlcNAc 1498:1505 arg1 transferase 1507:1517 O-GlcNAc transferase 1498:1517 O-GlcNAc transferase activity 1498:1526 This stabilization was lost after co-transfection of NSL3 with an OGT1 mutant, OGT1C964A, that lacks O-GlcNAc transferase activity. 28450392 8 11 theme NSL3 1347:1350 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1328:1342 O-GlcNAcylation 1328:1342 O-GlcNAcylation of NSL3 by wild-type OGT1 (OGT1-WT) 1328:1378 Moreover, O-GlcNAcylation of NSL3 by wild-type OGT1 (OGT1-WT) stabilized NSL3. 28450392 10 12 theme H4 1632:1633 arg1 Lys-5 1635:1639 H4 Lys-5 1632:1639 H4 Lys-5 1632:1639 Furthermore, stabilization of NSL3 by OGT1-WT significantly increased the global acetylation levels of H4 Lys-5, Lys-8, and Lys-16 in cells. 28450392 6 13 theme O-GlcNAcylates 1173:1186 arg1 NSL3 1188:1191 and O-GlcNAcylates NSL3 1169:1191 NSL3 1188:1191 Co-transfection/co-immunoprecipitation experiments combined with in vitro O-GlcNAc transferase assays confirmed that OGT1 specifically binds to and O-GlcNAcylates NSL3. 28450392 9 14 theme OGT1 1463:1466 arg1 mutant 1468:1473 an OGT1 mutant 1460:1473 an OGT1 mutant 1460:1473 This stabilization was lost after co-transfection of NSL3 with an OGT1 mutant, OGT1C964A, that lacks O-GlcNAc transferase activity. 28450392 9 14 theme OGT1 1463:1466 arg1 OGT1C964A 1476:1484 OGT1C964A 1476:1484 OGT1C964A 1476:1484 This stabilization was lost after co-transfection of NSL3 with an OGT1 mutant, OGT1C964A, that lacks O-GlcNAc transferase activity. 28450392 3 15 dep H4 677:678 arg1 Lys-5 688:692 Lys-5 688:692 Lys-5 688:692 Here, we demonstrate that OGT1 regulates the activity of the NSL complex by mainly acetylating histone H4 Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8 via O-GlcNAcylation and stabilization of the NSL complex subunit NSL3. 28450392 3 15 dep H4 677:678 arg1 Lys-8 699:703 Lys-8 699:703 Lys-8 699:703 Here, we demonstrate that OGT1 regulates the activity of the NSL complex by mainly acetylating histone H4 Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8 via O-GlcNAcylation and stabilization of the NSL complex subunit NSL3. 28450392 3 15 dep H4 677:678 arg1 Lys-16 680:685 Lys-16 680:685 Lys-16 680:685 Here, we demonstrate that OGT1 regulates the activity of the NSL complex by mainly acetylating histone H4 Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8 via O-GlcNAcylation and stabilization of the NSL complex subunit NSL3. 28450392 0 16 theme protein 127:133 arg1 NSL3 135:138 the nonspecific lethal protein NSL3 104:138 the nonspecific lethal protein NSL3 104:138 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 1 regulates global histone H4 acetylation via stabilization of the nonspecific lethal protein NSL3. 28450392 7 17 from occurrence 1264:1273 arg1 NSL3 1303:1306 NSL3 1303:1306 NSL3 in cells 1303:1315 In addition, wheat germ agglutinin affinity purification verified the occurrence of O-GlcNAc modification on NSL3 in cells. 28450392 1 18 theme first 171:175 arg1 acetyltransferase 202:218 the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase 167:218 the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex 167:251 The human males absent on the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex comprises nine subunits including the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase, isoform 1 (OGT1). 28450392 0 19 theme lethal 120:125 arg1 NSL3 135:138 the nonspecific lethal protein NSL3 104:138 the nonspecific lethal protein NSL3 104:138 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 1 regulates global histone H4 acetylation via stabilization of the nonspecific lethal protein NSL3. 28450392 2 20 theme complex 476:482 arg1 activity 456:463 histone acetyltransferase activity 430:463 histone acetyltransferase activity of the NSL complex 430:482 However, whether the O-GlcNAc transferase activity of OGT1 controls histone acetyltransferase activity of the NSL complex and whether OGT1 physically interacts with the other NSL complex subunits remain unclear. 28450392 2 21 theme acetyltransferase 438:454 arg1 activity 456:463 histone acetyltransferase activity 430:463 histone acetyltransferase activity of the NSL complex 430:482 However, whether the O-GlcNAc transferase activity of OGT1 controls histone acetyltransferase activity of the NSL complex and whether OGT1 physically interacts with the other NSL complex subunits remain unclear. 28450392 6 22 theme Co-transfection/co-immunoprecipitation 1025:1062 arg1 experiments 1064:1074 Co-transfection/co-immunoprecipitation experiments 1025:1074 Co-transfection/co-immunoprecipitation experiments combined with in vitro O-GlcNAc transferase assays 1025:1125 Co-transfection/co-immunoprecipitation experiments combined with in vitro O-GlcNAc transferase assays confirmed that OGT1 specifically binds to and O-GlcNAcylates NSL3. 28450392 0 23 theme N-acetylglucosamine 9:27 arg1 transferase 29:39 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 1 0:41 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 1 0:41 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 1 regulates global histone H4 acetylation via stabilization of the nonspecific lethal protein NSL3. 28450392 7 24 theme germ 1213:1216 arg1 agglutinin 1218:1227 wheat germ agglutinin 1207:1227 wheat germ agglutinin affinity purification 1207:1249 In addition, wheat germ agglutinin affinity purification verified the occurrence of O-GlcNAc modification on NSL3 in cells. 28450392 10 25 theme NSL3 1559:1562 arg1 stabilization 1542:1554 stabilization 1542:1554 stabilization of NSL3 by OGT1-WT 1542:1573 Furthermore, stabilization of NSL3 by OGT1-WT significantly increased the global acetylation levels of H4 Lys-5, Lys-8, and Lys-16 in cells. 28450392 7 26 theme O-GlcNAc 1278:1285 arg1 modification 1287:1298 O-GlcNAc modification 1278:1298 O-GlcNAc modification 1278:1298 In addition, wheat germ agglutinin affinity purification verified the occurrence of O-GlcNAc modification on NSL3 in cells. 28450392 1 27 theme MOF 178:180 arg1 acetyltransferase 202:218 the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase 167:218 the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex 167:251 The human males absent on the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex comprises nine subunits including the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase, isoform 1 (OGT1). 28450392 0 28 theme O-Linked 0:7 arg1 transferase 29:39 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 1 0:41 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 1 0:41 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 1 regulates global histone H4 acetylation via stabilization of the nonspecific lethal protein NSL3. 28450392 10 29 theme Lys-8 1642:1646 arg1 levels 1622:1627 the global acetylation levels 1599:1627 the global acetylation levels of H4 Lys-5, Lys-8, and Lys-16 in cells 1599:1667 Furthermore, stabilization of NSL3 by OGT1-WT significantly increased the global acetylation levels of H4 Lys-5, Lys-8, and Lys-16 in cells. 28450392 2 30 theme histone 430:436 arg1 activity 456:463 histone acetyltransferase activity 430:463 histone acetyltransferase activity of the NSL complex 430:482 However, whether the O-GlcNAc transferase activity of OGT1 controls histone acetyltransferase activity of the NSL complex and whether OGT1 physically interacts with the other NSL complex subunits remain unclear. 28450392 5 31 from function 991:998 arg1 complex 1016:1022 this complex 1011:1022 this complex 1011:1022 Because OGT1 is a subunit of the NSL complex, we also investigated the function of OGT1 in this complex. 28450392 1 32 theme -containing 182:192 arg1 acetyltransferase 202:218 the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase 167:218 the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex 167:251 The human males absent on the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex comprises nine subunits including the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase, isoform 1 (OGT1). 28450392 6 33 theme O-GlcNAc 1099:1106 arg1 assays 1120:1125 in vitro O-GlcNAc transferase assays 1090:1125 in vitro O-GlcNAc transferase assays 1090:1125 Co-transfection/co-immunoprecipitation experiments combined with in vitro O-GlcNAc transferase assays confirmed that OGT1 specifically binds to and O-GlcNAcylates NSL3. 28450392 1 34 theme O-linked 291:298 arg1 O-GlcNAc 321:328 O-GlcNAc 321:328 O-GlcNAc 321:328 The human males absent on the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex comprises nine subunits including the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase, isoform 1 (OGT1). 28450392 1 34 theme O-linked 291:298 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 300:318 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 287:318 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase 287:341 The human males absent on the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex comprises nine subunits including the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase, isoform 1 (OGT1). 28450392 0 35 theme NSL3 135:138 arg1 stabilization 87:99 stabilization 87:99 stabilization of the nonspecific lethal protein NSL3 87:138 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 1 regulates global histone H4 acetylation via stabilization of the nonspecific lethal protein NSL3. 28450392 3 36 theme complex 639:645 arg1 activity 619:626 the activity 615:626 the activity of the NSL complex 615:645 Here, we demonstrate that OGT1 regulates the activity of the NSL complex by mainly acetylating histone H4 Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8 via O-GlcNAcylation and stabilization of the NSL complex subunit NSL3. 28450392 1 37 theme histone 194:200 arg1 acetyltransferase 202:218 the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase 167:218 the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex 167:251 The human males absent on the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex comprises nine subunits including the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase, isoform 1 (OGT1). 28450392 0 38 theme global 53:58 arg1 acetylation 71:81 global histone H4 acetylation 53:81 global histone H4 acetylation 53:81 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 1 regulates global histone H4 acetylation via stabilization of the nonspecific lethal protein NSL3. 28450392 1 39 theme N-acetylglucosamine 300:318 arg1 isoform 344:350 isoform 1 344:352 isoform 1 (OGT1) 344:359 The human males absent on the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex comprises nine subunits including the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase, isoform 1 (OGT1). 28450392 1 39 theme N-acetylglucosamine 300:318 arg1 transferase 331:341 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase 287:341 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase 287:341 The human males absent on the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex comprises nine subunits including the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase, isoform 1 (OGT1). 28450392 2 40 theme complex 541:547 arg1 subunits 549:556 the other NSL complex subunits 527:556 the other NSL complex subunits 527:556 However, whether the O-GlcNAc transferase activity of OGT1 controls histone acetyltransferase activity of the NSL complex and whether OGT1 physically interacts with the other NSL complex subunits remain unclear. 28450392 1 41 theme acetyltransferase 202:218 arg1 complex 245:251 the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex 167:251 the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex 167:251 The human males absent on the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex comprises nine subunits including the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase, isoform 1 (OGT1). 28450392 2 42 theme NSL 472:474 arg1 complex 476:482 the NSL complex 468:482 the NSL complex 468:482 However, whether the O-GlcNAc transferase activity of OGT1 controls histone acetyltransferase activity of the NSL complex and whether OGT1 physically interacts with the other NSL complex subunits remain unclear. 28450392 3 43 theme subunit 762:768 arg1 NSL3 770:773 the NSL complex subunit NSL3 746:773 the NSL complex subunit NSL3 746:773 Here, we demonstrate that OGT1 regulates the activity of the NSL complex by mainly acetylating histone H4 Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8 via O-GlcNAcylation and stabilization of the NSL complex subunit NSL3. 28450392 2 44 theme NSL 537:539 arg1 subunits 549:556 the other NSL complex subunits 527:556 the other NSL complex subunits 527:556 However, whether the O-GlcNAc transferase activity of OGT1 controls histone acetyltransferase activity of the NSL complex and whether OGT1 physically interacts with the other NSL complex subunits remain unclear. 28450392 10 45 theme global 1603:1608 arg1 levels 1622:1627 the global acetylation levels 1599:1627 the global acetylation levels of H4 Lys-5, Lys-8, and Lys-16 in cells 1599:1667 Furthermore, stabilization of NSL3 by OGT1-WT significantly increased the global acetylation levels of H4 Lys-5, Lys-8, and Lys-16 in cells. 28450392 7 46 from NSL3 1303:1306 arg1 cells 1311:1315 cells 1311:1315 cells 1311:1315 In addition, wheat germ agglutinin affinity purification verified the occurrence of O-GlcNAc modification on NSL3 in cells. 28450392 1 47 theme nonspecific 220:230 arg1 complex 245:251 the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex 167:251 the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex 167:251 The human males absent on the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex comprises nine subunits including the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase, isoform 1 (OGT1). 28450392 0 48 theme H4 68:69 arg1 acetylation 71:81 global histone H4 acetylation 53:81 global histone H4 acetylation 53:81 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 1 regulates global histone H4 acetylation via stabilization of the nonspecific lethal protein NSL3. 28450392 2 49 theme other 531:535 arg1 subunits 549:556 the other NSL complex subunits 527:556 the other NSL complex subunits 527:556 However, whether the O-GlcNAc transferase activity of OGT1 controls histone acetyltransferase activity of the NSL complex and whether OGT1 physically interacts with the other NSL complex subunits remain unclear. 28450392 4 50 theme residues 885:892 arg1 acetylation 859:869 the global acetylation 848:869 the global acetylation of histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8 848:917 Knocking down or overexpressing OGT1 in human cells remarkably affected the global acetylation of histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8. 28450392 3 51 theme NSL 635:637 arg1 complex 639:645 the NSL complex 631:645 the NSL complex 631:645 Here, we demonstrate that OGT1 regulates the activity of the NSL complex by mainly acetylating histone H4 Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8 via O-GlcNAcylation and stabilization of the NSL complex subunit NSL3. 28450392 4 52 theme human 816:820 arg1 cells 822:826 human cells 816:826 human cells 816:826 Knocking down or overexpressing OGT1 in human cells remarkably affected the global acetylation of histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8. 28450392 9 53 with co-transfection 1431:1445 arg1 mutant 1468:1473 an OGT1 mutant 1460:1473 an OGT1 mutant 1460:1473 This stabilization was lost after co-transfection of NSL3 with an OGT1 mutant, OGT1C964A, that lacks O-GlcNAc transferase activity. 28450392 9 53 with co-transfection 1431:1445 arg1 OGT1C964A 1476:1484 OGT1C964A 1476:1484 OGT1C964A 1476:1484 This stabilization was lost after co-transfection of NSL3 with an OGT1 mutant, OGT1C964A, that lacks O-GlcNAc transferase activity. 28450392 7 54 theme modification 1287:1298 arg1 occurrence 1264:1273 the occurrence 1260:1273 the occurrence of O-GlcNAc modification on NSL3 in cells 1260:1315 In addition, wheat germ agglutinin affinity purification verified the occurrence of O-GlcNAc modification on NSL3 in cells. 28450392 0 55 theme histone 60:66 arg1 acetylation 71:81 global histone H4 acetylation 53:81 global histone H4 acetylation 53:81 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 1 regulates global histone H4 acetylation via stabilization of the nonspecific lethal protein NSL3. 28450392 3 56 theme NSL 750:752 arg1 NSL3 770:773 the NSL complex subunit NSL3 746:773 the NSL complex subunit NSL3 746:773 Here, we demonstrate that OGT1 regulates the activity of the NSL complex by mainly acetylating histone H4 Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8 via O-GlcNAcylation and stabilization of the NSL complex subunit NSL3. 28450392 4 57 theme H4 882:883 arg1 Lys-16 894:899 Lys-16 894:899 Lys-16 894:899 Knocking down or overexpressing OGT1 in human cells remarkably affected the global acetylation of histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8. 28450392 4 57 theme H4 882:883 arg1 residues 885:892 histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8 874:917 histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8 874:917 Knocking down or overexpressing OGT1 in human cells remarkably affected the global acetylation of histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8. 28450392 4 57 theme H4 882:883 arg1 Lys-5 902:906 Lys-5 902:906 Lys-5 902:906 Knocking down or overexpressing OGT1 in human cells remarkably affected the global acetylation of histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8. 28450392 4 57 theme H4 882:883 arg1 Lys-8 913:917 Lys-8 913:917 Lys-8 913:917 Knocking down or overexpressing OGT1 in human cells remarkably affected the global acetylation of histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8. 28450392 3 58 theme histone 669:675 arg1 H4 677:678 histone H4 Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8 669:703 histone H4 Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8 669:703 Here, we demonstrate that OGT1 regulates the activity of the NSL complex by mainly acetylating histone H4 Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8 via O-GlcNAcylation and stabilization of the NSL complex subunit NSL3. 28450392 6 59 dep in 1090:1091 arg1 vitro 1093:1097 vitro 1093:1097 vitro 1093:1097 Co-transfection/co-immunoprecipitation experiments combined with in vitro O-GlcNAc transferase assays confirmed that OGT1 specifically binds to and O-GlcNAcylates NSL3. 28450392 4 60 from OGT1 808:811 arg1 cells 822:826 human cells 816:826 human cells 816:826 Knocking down or overexpressing OGT1 in human cells remarkably affected the global acetylation of histone H4 residues Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8. 28450392 11 61 theme complex 1736:1742 arg1 activity 1716:1723 the activity 1712:1723 the activity of the NSL complex 1712:1742 These results suggest that OGT1 regulates the activity of the NSL complex by stabilizing NSL3. 28450392 3 62 theme complex 754:760 arg1 NSL3 770:773 the NSL complex subunit NSL3 746:773 the NSL complex subunit NSL3 746:773 Here, we demonstrate that OGT1 regulates the activity of the NSL complex by mainly acetylating histone H4 Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8 via O-GlcNAcylation and stabilization of the NSL complex subunit NSL3. 28450392 5 63 theme OGT1 1003:1006 arg1 function 991:998 the function 987:998 the function of OGT1 in this complex 987:1022 Because OGT1 is a subunit of the NSL complex, we also investigated the function of OGT1 in this complex. 28450392 5 64 theme NSL 953:955 arg1 complex 957:963 the NSL complex 949:963 the NSL complex 949:963 Because OGT1 is a subunit of the NSL complex, we also investigated the function of OGT1 in this complex. 28450392 6 65 theme transferase 1108:1118 arg1 assays 1120:1125 in vitro O-GlcNAc transferase assays 1090:1125 in vitro O-GlcNAc transferase assays 1090:1125 Co-transfection/co-immunoprecipitation experiments combined with in vitro O-GlcNAc transferase assays confirmed that OGT1 specifically binds to and O-GlcNAcylates NSL3. 28450392 1 66 theme lethal 232:237 arg1 complex 245:251 the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex 167:251 the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex 167:251 The human males absent on the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex comprises nine subunits including the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase, isoform 1 (OGT1). 28450392 8 67 theme wild-type 1355:1363 arg1 OGT1-WT 1371:1377 OGT1-WT 1371:1377 OGT1-WT 1371:1377 Moreover, O-GlcNAcylation of NSL3 by wild-type OGT1 (OGT1-WT) stabilized NSL3. 28450392 8 67 theme wild-type 1355:1363 arg1 OGT1 1365:1368 wild-type OGT1 1355:1368 wild-type OGT1 (OGT1-WT) 1355:1378 Moreover, O-GlcNAcylation of NSL3 by wild-type OGT1 (OGT1-WT) stabilized NSL3. 28450392 5 68 theme complex 957:963 arg1 OGT1 928:931 OGT1 928:931 OGT1 928:931 Because OGT1 is a subunit of the NSL complex, we also investigated the function of OGT1 in this complex. 28450392 5 68 theme complex 957:963 arg1 subunit 938:944 a subunit 936:944 a subunit of the NSL complex 936:963 Because OGT1 is a subunit of the NSL complex, we also investigated the function of OGT1 in this complex. 28450392 1 69 link O-linked 291:298 arg1 O-GlcNAc 321:328 O-GlcNAc 321:328 O-GlcNAc 321:328 The human males absent on the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex comprises nine subunits including the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase, isoform 1 (OGT1). 28450392 1 69 link O-linked 291:298 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 300:318 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 287:318 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase 287:341 The human males absent on the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex comprises nine subunits including the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase, isoform 1 (OGT1). 28450392 1 70 theme human 145:149 arg1 males 151:155 The human males 141:155 The human males absent on the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex 141:251 The human males absent on the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex comprises nine subunits including the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase, isoform 1 (OGT1). 28450392 7 71 theme agglutinin 1218:1227 arg1 purification 1238:1249 wheat germ agglutinin affinity purification 1207:1249 wheat germ agglutinin affinity purification 1207:1249 In addition, wheat germ agglutinin affinity purification verified the occurrence of O-GlcNAc modification on NSL3 in cells. 28450392 2 72 theme transferase 392:402 arg1 activity 404:411 the O-GlcNAc transferase activity 379:411 the O-GlcNAc transferase activity of OGT1 379:419 However, whether the O-GlcNAc transferase activity of OGT1 controls histone acetyltransferase activity of the NSL complex and whether OGT1 physically interacts with the other NSL complex subunits remain unclear. 28450392 2 73 theme OGT1 416:419 arg1 activity 404:411 the O-GlcNAc transferase activity 379:411 the O-GlcNAc transferase activity of OGT1 379:419 However, whether the O-GlcNAc transferase activity of OGT1 controls histone acetyltransferase activity of the NSL complex and whether OGT1 physically interacts with the other NSL complex subunits remain unclear. 28450392 9 74 theme transferase 1507:1517 arg1 activity 1519:1526 O-GlcNAc transferase activity 1498:1526 O-GlcNAc transferase activity 1498:1526 This stabilization was lost after co-transfection of NSL3 with an OGT1 mutant, OGT1C964A, that lacks O-GlcNAc transferase activity. 28450392 9 75 theme NSL3 1450:1453 arg1 co-transfection 1431:1445 co-transfection 1431:1445 co-transfection of NSL3 with an OGT1 mutant, OGT1C964A, that lacks O-GlcNAc transferase activity 1431:1526 This stabilization was lost after co-transfection of NSL3 with an OGT1 mutant, OGT1C964A, that lacks O-GlcNAc transferase activity. 28450392 1 76 theme NSL 240:242 arg1 complex 245:251 the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex 167:251 the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex 167:251 The human males absent on the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex comprises nine subunits including the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase, isoform 1 (OGT1). 28450392 7 77 theme affinity 1229:1236 arg1 purification 1238:1249 wheat germ agglutinin affinity purification 1207:1249 wheat germ agglutinin affinity purification 1207:1249 In addition, wheat germ agglutinin affinity purification verified the occurrence of O-GlcNAc modification on NSL3 in cells. 28450392 11 78 theme NSL 1732:1734 arg1 complex 1736:1742 the NSL complex 1728:1742 the NSL complex 1728:1742 These results suggest that OGT1 regulates the activity of the NSL complex by stabilizing NSL3. 28450392 1 79 theme absent 157:162 arg1 males 151:155 The human males 141:155 The human males absent on the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex 141:251 The human males absent on the first (MOF)-containing histone acetyltransferase nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex comprises nine subunits including the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase, isoform 1 (OGT1). 28450392 10 80 theme Lys-5 1635:1639 arg1 levels 1622:1627 the global acetylation levels 1599:1627 the global acetylation levels of H4 Lys-5, Lys-8, and Lys-16 in cells 1599:1667 Furthermore, stabilization of NSL3 by OGT1-WT significantly increased the global acetylation levels of H4 Lys-5, Lys-8, and Lys-16 in cells. 28450392 3 81 theme NSL3 770:773 arg1 stabilization 729:741 stabilization 729:741 stabilization 729:741 Here, we demonstrate that OGT1 regulates the activity of the NSL complex by mainly acetylating histone H4 Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8 via O-GlcNAcylation and stabilization of the NSL complex subunit NSL3. 28450392 3 81 theme NSL3 770:773 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 709:723 O-GlcNAcylation 709:723 O-GlcNAcylation 709:723 Here, we demonstrate that OGT1 regulates the activity of the NSL complex by mainly acetylating histone H4 Lys-16, Lys-5, and Lys-8 via O-GlcNAcylation and stabilization of the NSL complex subunit NSL3. 27879249 0 0 theme protein 99:105 arg1 glycosylation 107:119 N-linked protein glycosylation 90:119 N-linked protein glycosylation 90:119 Glucosamine induces ER stress by disrupting lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis and N-linked protein glycosylation. 27879249 8 1 theme 4-phenylbutyric 1151:1165 arg1 acid 1167:1170 4-phenylbutyric acid 1151:1170 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) 1151:1178 The addition of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), a chemical chaperone, was able to alleviate ER stress but did not rescue LLO biosynthesis. 27879249 8 1 theme 4-phenylbutyric 1151:1165 arg1 chaperone 1192:1200 a chemical chaperone 1181:1200 a chemical chaperone 1181:1200 The addition of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), a chemical chaperone, was able to alleviate ER stress but did not rescue LLO biosynthesis. 27879249 8 1 theme 4-phenylbutyric 1151:1165 arg1 4-PBA 1173:1177 4-PBA 1173:1177 4-PBA 1173:1177 The addition of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), a chemical chaperone, was able to alleviate ER stress but did not rescue LLO biosynthesis. 27879249 5 2 theme mM 687:688 arg1 glucosamine 690:700 0-5 mM glucosamine 683:700 0-5 mM glucosamine 683:700 Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were cultured in the presence of 0-5 mM glucosamine for up to 18 h, and LLO biosynthesis was monitored by fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. 27879249 4 3 theme oligosaccharide 535:549 arg1 biosynthesis 557:568 lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis 522:568 lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis 522:568 In this study, we investigate the potential relationship between the effects of glucosamine on lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis, N-linked glycosylation, and ER homeostasis. 27879249 7 4 theme MEFs 929:932 arg1 exposure 917:924 exposure 917:924 exposure of MEFs to ≥1 mM glucosamine 917:953 We found that exposure of MEFs to ≥1 mM glucosamine significantly impaired the biosynthesis of mature (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2) LLOs before the activation of the UPR, which resulted in the accumulation of an LLO intermediate (Man3GlcNAc2). 27879249 0 5 theme N-linked 90:97 arg1 glycosylation 107:119 N-linked protein glycosylation 90:119 N-linked protein glycosylation 90:119 Glucosamine induces ER stress by disrupting lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis and N-linked protein glycosylation. 27879249 9 6 theme stress-inducing 1281:1295 arg1 thapsigargin 1334:1345 thapsigargin 1334:1345 thapsigargin 1334:1345 Other ER stress-inducing agents, including dithiothreitol and thapsigargin, had no effect on LLO levels. 27879249 9 6 theme stress-inducing 1281:1295 arg1 agents 1297:1302 Other ER stress-inducing agents 1272:1302 Other ER stress-inducing agents 1272:1302 Other ER stress-inducing agents, including dithiothreitol and thapsigargin, had no effect on LLO levels. 27879249 9 6 theme stress-inducing 1281:1295 arg1 dithiothreitol 1315:1328 dithiothreitol 1315:1328 dithiothreitol 1315:1328 Other ER stress-inducing agents, including dithiothreitol and thapsigargin, had no effect on LLO levels. 27879249 5 7 theme glucosamine 690:700 arg1 presence 671:678 the presence 667:678 the presence of 0-5 mM glucosamine 667:700 Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were cultured in the presence of 0-5 mM glucosamine for up to 18 h, and LLO biosynthesis was monitored by fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. 27879249 6 8 theme response 871:878 arg1 expression 891:900 unfolded protein response (UPR) gene expression 854:900 unfolded protein response (UPR) gene expression 854:900 ER stress was determined by quantification of unfolded protein response (UPR) gene expression. 27879249 10 9 theme lipid-linked 1487:1498 arg1 biosynthesis 1516:1527 lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis 1487:1527 lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis 1487:1527 Together, these data suggest that elevated concentrations of glucosamine induce ER stress by interfering with lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis and N-linked glycosylation. 27879249 11 10 theme causative 1603:1611 arg1 link 1613:1616 a causative link 1601:1616 a causative link between hyperglycemia and the development of diabetic complications 1601:1684 We hypothesize that this pathway represents a causative link between hyperglycemia and the development of diabetic complications. 27879249 6 11 theme protein 863:869 arg1 UPR 881:883 UPR 881:883 UPR 881:883 ER stress was determined by quantification of unfolded protein response (UPR) gene expression. 27879249 6 11 theme protein 863:869 arg1 response 871:878 unfolded protein response 854:878 unfolded protein response (UPR) gene expression 854:900 ER stress was determined by quantification of unfolded protein response (UPR) gene expression. 27879249 7 12 theme LLOs 1023:1026 arg1 biosynthesis 982:993 the biosynthesis 978:993 the biosynthesis of mature (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2) LLOs before the activation of the UPR, which resulted in the accumulation of an LLO intermediate (Man3GlcNAc2) 978:1132 We found that exposure of MEFs to ≥1 mM glucosamine significantly impaired the biosynthesis of mature (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2) LLOs before the activation of the UPR, which resulted in the accumulation of an LLO intermediate (Man3GlcNAc2). 27879249 3 13 theme hepatic 408:414 arg1 steatosis 416:424 hepatic steatosis 408:424 hepatic steatosis 408:424 Glucosamine-induced ER stress has been implicated in the development of diabetic complications, including atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis. 27879249 4 14 theme lipid-linked 522:533 arg1 oligosaccharide 535:549 lipid-linked oligosaccharide 522:549 lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis 522:568 In this study, we investigate the potential relationship between the effects of glucosamine on lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis, N-linked glycosylation, and ER homeostasis. 27879249 4 14 theme lipid-linked 522:533 arg1 LLO 552:554 LLO 552:554 LLO 552:554 In this study, we investigate the potential relationship between the effects of glucosamine on lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis, N-linked glycosylation, and ER homeostasis. 27879249 6 15 theme ER 808:809 arg1 stress 811:816 ER stress 808:816 ER stress 808:816 ER stress was determined by quantification of unfolded protein response (UPR) gene expression. 27879249 6 16 theme unfolded 854:861 arg1 UPR 881:883 UPR 881:883 UPR 881:883 ER stress was determined by quantification of unfolded protein response (UPR) gene expression. 27879249 6 16 theme unfolded 854:861 arg1 response 871:878 unfolded protein response 854:878 unfolded protein response (UPR) gene expression 854:900 ER stress was determined by quantification of unfolded protein response (UPR) gene expression. 27879249 10 17 theme oligosaccharide 1500:1514 arg1 biosynthesis 1516:1527 lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis 1487:1527 lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis 1487:1527 Together, these data suggest that elevated concentrations of glucosamine induce ER stress by interfering with lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis and N-linked glycosylation. 27879249 10 18 link lipid-linked 1487:1498 arg1 biosynthesis 1516:1527 lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis 1487:1527 lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis 1487:1527 Together, these data suggest that elevated concentrations of glucosamine induce ER stress by interfering with lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis and N-linked glycosylation. 27879249 5 19 theme fluorescence-assisted 756:776 arg1 electrophoresis 791:805 fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis 756:805 fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis 756:805 Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were cultured in the presence of 0-5 mM glucosamine for up to 18 h, and LLO biosynthesis was monitored by fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. 27879249 7 20 theme mature 998:1003 arg1 LLOs 1023:1026 mature (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2) LLOs 998:1026 mature (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2) LLOs 998:1026 We found that exposure of MEFs to ≥1 mM glucosamine significantly impaired the biosynthesis of mature (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2) LLOs before the activation of the UPR, which resulted in the accumulation of an LLO intermediate (Man3GlcNAc2). 27879249 7 20 theme mature 998:1003 arg1 Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 1006:1020 Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 1006:1020 Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 1006:1020 We found that exposure of MEFs to ≥1 mM glucosamine significantly impaired the biosynthesis of mature (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2) LLOs before the activation of the UPR, which resulted in the accumulation of an LLO intermediate (Man3GlcNAc2). 27879249 5 21 theme carbohydrate 778:789 arg1 electrophoresis 791:805 fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis 756:805 fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis 756:805 Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were cultured in the presence of 0-5 mM glucosamine for up to 18 h, and LLO biosynthesis was monitored by fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. 27879249 3 22 theme Glucosamine-induced 282:300 arg1 stress 305:310 Glucosamine-induced ER stress 282:310 Glucosamine-induced ER stress 282:310 Glucosamine-induced ER stress has been implicated in the development of diabetic complications, including atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis. 27879249 5 23 theme embryonic 621:629 arg1 MEFs 644:647 MEFs 644:647 MEFs 644:647 Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were cultured in the presence of 0-5 mM glucosamine for up to 18 h, and LLO biosynthesis was monitored by fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. 27879249 5 23 theme embryonic 621:629 arg1 fibroblasts 631:641 Mouse embryonic fibroblasts 615:641 Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) 615:648 Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were cultured in the presence of 0-5 mM glucosamine for up to 18 h, and LLO biosynthesis was monitored by fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. 27879249 8 24 theme chemical 1183:1190 arg1 acid 1167:1170 4-phenylbutyric acid 1151:1170 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) 1151:1178 The addition of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), a chemical chaperone, was able to alleviate ER stress but did not rescue LLO biosynthesis. 27879249 8 24 theme chemical 1183:1190 arg1 chaperone 1192:1200 a chemical chaperone 1181:1200 a chemical chaperone 1181:1200 The addition of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), a chemical chaperone, was able to alleviate ER stress but did not rescue LLO biosynthesis. 27879249 9 25 theme LLO 1365:1367 arg1 levels 1369:1374 LLO levels 1365:1374 LLO levels 1365:1374 Other ER stress-inducing agents, including dithiothreitol and thapsigargin, had no effect on LLO levels. 27879249 4 26 link N-linked 571:578 arg1 glycosylation 580:592 N-linked glycosylation 571:592 N-linked glycosylation 571:592 In this study, we investigate the potential relationship between the effects of glucosamine on lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis, N-linked glycosylation, and ER homeostasis. 27879249 7 27 theme LLO 1103:1105 arg1 Man3GlcNAc2 1121:1131 Man3GlcNAc2 1121:1131 Man3GlcNAc2 1121:1131 We found that exposure of MEFs to ≥1 mM glucosamine significantly impaired the biosynthesis of mature (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2) LLOs before the activation of the UPR, which resulted in the accumulation of an LLO intermediate (Man3GlcNAc2). 27879249 7 27 theme LLO 1103:1105 arg1 intermediate 1107:1118 an LLO intermediate 1100:1118 an LLO intermediate (Man3GlcNAc2) 1100:1132 We found that exposure of MEFs to ≥1 mM glucosamine significantly impaired the biosynthesis of mature (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2) LLOs before the activation of the UPR, which resulted in the accumulation of an LLO intermediate (Man3GlcNAc2). 27879249 0 28 link lipid-linked 44:55 arg1 biosynthesis 73:84 lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis 44:84 lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis 44:84 Glucosamine induces ER stress by disrupting lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis and N-linked protein glycosylation. 27879249 4 29 from effects 496:502 arg1 homeostasis 602:612 ER homeostasis 599:612 ER homeostasis 599:612 In this study, we investigate the potential relationship between the effects of glucosamine on lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis, N-linked glycosylation, and ER homeostasis. 27879249 4 29 from effects 496:502 arg1 biosynthesis 557:568 lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis 522:568 lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis 522:568 In this study, we investigate the potential relationship between the effects of glucosamine on lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis, N-linked glycosylation, and ER homeostasis. 27879249 4 29 from effects 496:502 arg1 glycosylation 580:592 N-linked glycosylation 571:592 N-linked glycosylation 571:592 In this study, we investigate the potential relationship between the effects of glucosamine on lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis, N-linked glycosylation, and ER homeostasis. 27879249 3 30 theme ER 302:303 arg1 stress 305:310 Glucosamine-induced ER stress 282:310 Glucosamine-induced ER stress 282:310 Glucosamine-induced ER stress has been implicated in the development of diabetic complications, including atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis. 27879249 5 31 theme 0-5 683:685 arg1 mM 687:688 mM 687:688 mM 687:688 Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were cultured in the presence of 0-5 mM glucosamine for up to 18 h, and LLO biosynthesis was monitored by fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. 27879249 6 32 theme gene 886:889 arg1 expression 891:900 unfolded protein response (UPR) gene expression 854:900 unfolded protein response (UPR) gene expression 854:900 ER stress was determined by quantification of unfolded protein response (UPR) gene expression. 27879249 10 33 link N-linked 1533:1540 arg1 glycosylation 1542:1554 N-linked glycosylation 1533:1554 N-linked glycosylation 1533:1554 Together, these data suggest that elevated concentrations of glucosamine induce ER stress by interfering with lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis and N-linked glycosylation. 27879249 10 34 theme glucosamine 1438:1448 arg1 concentrations 1420:1433 elevated concentrations 1411:1433 elevated concentrations of glucosamine 1411:1448 Together, these data suggest that elevated concentrations of glucosamine induce ER stress by interfering with lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis and N-linked glycosylation. 27879249 4 35 theme ER 599:600 arg1 homeostasis 602:612 ER homeostasis 599:612 ER homeostasis 599:612 In this study, we investigate the potential relationship between the effects of glucosamine on lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis, N-linked glycosylation, and ER homeostasis. 27879249 11 36 theme complications 1672:1684 arg1 hyperglycemia 1626:1638 hyperglycemia 1626:1638 hyperglycemia 1626:1638 We hypothesize that this pathway represents a causative link between hyperglycemia and the development of diabetic complications. 27879249 11 36 theme complications 1672:1684 arg1 development 1648:1658 the development 1644:1658 the development of diabetic complications 1644:1684 We hypothesize that this pathway represents a causative link between hyperglycemia and the development of diabetic complications. 27879249 10 37 theme ER 1457:1458 arg1 stress 1460:1465 ER stress 1457:1465 ER stress 1457:1465 Together, these data suggest that elevated concentrations of glucosamine induce ER stress by interfering with lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis and N-linked glycosylation. 27879249 7 38 theme UPR 1057:1059 arg1 activation 1039:1048 the activation 1035:1048 the activation of the UPR 1035:1059 We found that exposure of MEFs to ≥1 mM glucosamine significantly impaired the biosynthesis of mature (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2) LLOs before the activation of the UPR, which resulted in the accumulation of an LLO intermediate (Man3GlcNAc2). 27879249 0 39 theme ER 20:21 arg1 stress 23:28 ER stress 20:28 ER stress 20:28 Glucosamine induces ER stress by disrupting lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis and N-linked protein glycosylation. 27879249 5 40 theme LLO 722:724 arg1 biosynthesis 726:737 LLO biosynthesis 722:737 LLO biosynthesis 722:737 Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were cultured in the presence of 0-5 mM glucosamine for up to 18 h, and LLO biosynthesis was monitored by fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. 27879249 8 41 theme acid 1167:1170 arg1 able 1207:1210 able 1207:1210 able 1207:1210 The addition of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), a chemical chaperone, was able to alleviate ER stress but did not rescue LLO biosynthesis. 27879249 8 41 theme acid 1167:1170 arg1 addition 1139:1146 The addition 1135:1146 The addition of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), a chemical chaperone, 1135:1201 The addition of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), a chemical chaperone, was able to alleviate ER stress but did not rescue LLO biosynthesis. 27879249 1 42 link N-linked 164:171 arg1 glycosylation 181:193 N-linked protein glycosylation 164:193 N-linked protein glycosylation 164:193 Glucosamine is an essential substrate for N-linked protein glycosylation. 27879249 2 43 theme elevated 205:212 arg1 levels 214:219 elevated levels 205:219 elevated levels of glucosamine 205:234 However, elevated levels of glucosamine can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. 27879249 4 44 theme glucosamine 507:517 arg1 effects 496:502 the effects 492:502 the effects of glucosamine on lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis, N-linked glycosylation, and ER homeostasis 492:612 In this study, we investigate the potential relationship between the effects of glucosamine on lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis, N-linked glycosylation, and ER homeostasis. 27879249 5 45 dep 18 712:713 arg1 to 709:710 to 709:710 to 709:710 Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were cultured in the presence of 0-5 mM glucosamine for up to 18 h, and LLO biosynthesis was monitored by fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. 27879249 0 46 theme oligosaccharide 57:71 arg1 biosynthesis 73:84 lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis 44:84 lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis 44:84 Glucosamine induces ER stress by disrupting lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis and N-linked protein glycosylation. 27879249 4 47 theme N-linked 571:578 arg1 glycosylation 580:592 N-linked glycosylation 571:592 N-linked glycosylation 571:592 In this study, we investigate the potential relationship between the effects of glucosamine on lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis, N-linked glycosylation, and ER homeostasis. 27879249 6 48 theme expression 891:900 arg1 quantification 836:849 quantification 836:849 quantification of unfolded protein response (UPR) gene expression 836:900 ER stress was determined by quantification of unfolded protein response (UPR) gene expression. 27879249 2 49 theme reticulum 259:267 arg1 stress 274:279 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress 247:279 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress 247:279 However, elevated levels of glucosamine can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. 27879249 0 50 link N-linked 90:97 arg1 glycosylation 107:119 N-linked protein glycosylation 90:119 N-linked protein glycosylation 90:119 Glucosamine induces ER stress by disrupting lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis and N-linked protein glycosylation. 27879249 9 51 contain had 1348:1350 arg1 thapsigargin 1334:1345 thapsigargin 1334:1345 thapsigargin 1334:1345 Other ER stress-inducing agents, including dithiothreitol and thapsigargin, had no effect on LLO levels. 27879249 9 51 contain had 1348:1350 arg1 agents 1297:1302 Other ER stress-inducing agents 1272:1302 Other ER stress-inducing agents 1272:1302 Other ER stress-inducing agents, including dithiothreitol and thapsigargin, had no effect on LLO levels. 27879249 9 51 contain had 1348:1350 arg1 dithiothreitol 1315:1328 dithiothreitol 1315:1328 dithiothreitol 1315:1328 Other ER stress-inducing agents, including dithiothreitol and thapsigargin, had no effect on LLO levels. 27879249 9 51 contain had 1348:1350 arg2 effect 1355:1360 no effect 1352:1360 no effect 1352:1360 Other ER stress-inducing agents, including dithiothreitol and thapsigargin, had no effect on LLO levels. 27879249 0 52 theme lipid-linked 44:55 arg1 biosynthesis 73:84 lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis 44:84 lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis 44:84 Glucosamine induces ER stress by disrupting lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis and N-linked protein glycosylation. 27879249 4 53 link lipid-linked 522:533 arg1 oligosaccharide 535:549 lipid-linked oligosaccharide 522:549 lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis 522:568 In this study, we investigate the potential relationship between the effects of glucosamine on lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis, N-linked glycosylation, and ER homeostasis. 27879249 4 53 link lipid-linked 522:533 arg1 LLO 552:554 LLO 552:554 LLO 552:554 In this study, we investigate the potential relationship between the effects of glucosamine on lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis, N-linked glycosylation, and ER homeostasis. 27879249 4 54 theme potential 461:469 arg1 relationship 471:482 the potential relationship 457:482 the potential relationship between the effects of glucosamine on lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis, N-linked glycosylation, and ER homeostasis 457:612 In this study, we investigate the potential relationship between the effects of glucosamine on lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis, N-linked glycosylation, and ER homeostasis. 27879249 2 55 theme endoplasmic 247:257 arg1 ER 270:271 ER 270:271 ER 270:271 However, elevated levels of glucosamine can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. 27879249 2 55 theme endoplasmic 247:257 arg1 reticulum 259:267 endoplasmic reticulum 247:267 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress 247:279 However, elevated levels of glucosamine can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. 27879249 9 56 theme ER 1278:1279 arg1 thapsigargin 1334:1345 thapsigargin 1334:1345 thapsigargin 1334:1345 Other ER stress-inducing agents, including dithiothreitol and thapsigargin, had no effect on LLO levels. 27879249 9 56 theme ER 1278:1279 arg1 agents 1297:1302 Other ER stress-inducing agents 1272:1302 Other ER stress-inducing agents 1272:1302 Other ER stress-inducing agents, including dithiothreitol and thapsigargin, had no effect on LLO levels. 27879249 9 56 theme ER 1278:1279 arg1 dithiothreitol 1315:1328 dithiothreitol 1315:1328 dithiothreitol 1315:1328 Other ER stress-inducing agents, including dithiothreitol and thapsigargin, had no effect on LLO levels. 27879249 1 57 theme essential 140:148 arg1 substrate 150:158 an essential substrate 137:158 an essential substrate for N-linked protein glycosylation 137:193 Glucosamine is an essential substrate for N-linked protein glycosylation. 27879249 1 57 theme essential 140:148 arg1 Glucosamine 122:132 Glucosamine 122:132 Glucosamine 122:132 Glucosamine is an essential substrate for N-linked protein glycosylation. 27879249 7 58 theme mM 940:941 arg1 glucosamine 943:953 ≥1 mM glucosamine 937:953 ≥1 mM glucosamine 937:953 We found that exposure of MEFs to ≥1 mM glucosamine significantly impaired the biosynthesis of mature (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2) LLOs before the activation of the UPR, which resulted in the accumulation of an LLO intermediate (Man3GlcNAc2). 27879249 11 59 theme diabetic 1663:1670 arg1 complications 1672:1684 diabetic complications 1663:1684 diabetic complications 1663:1684 We hypothesize that this pathway represents a causative link between hyperglycemia and the development of diabetic complications. 27879249 10 60 theme N-linked 1533:1540 arg1 glycosylation 1542:1554 N-linked glycosylation 1533:1554 N-linked glycosylation 1533:1554 Together, these data suggest that elevated concentrations of glucosamine induce ER stress by interfering with lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis and N-linked glycosylation. 27879249 10 61 theme elevated 1411:1418 arg1 concentrations 1420:1433 elevated concentrations 1411:1433 elevated concentrations of glucosamine 1411:1448 Together, these data suggest that elevated concentrations of glucosamine induce ER stress by interfering with lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis and N-linked glycosylation. 27879249 5 62 theme Mouse 615:619 arg1 MEFs 644:647 MEFs 644:647 MEFs 644:647 Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were cultured in the presence of 0-5 mM glucosamine for up to 18 h, and LLO biosynthesis was monitored by fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. 27879249 5 62 theme Mouse 615:619 arg1 fibroblasts 631:641 Mouse embryonic fibroblasts 615:641 Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) 615:648 Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were cultured in the presence of 0-5 mM glucosamine for up to 18 h, and LLO biosynthesis was monitored by fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. 27879249 2 63 theme glucosamine 224:234 arg1 levels 214:219 elevated levels 205:219 elevated levels of glucosamine 205:234 However, elevated levels of glucosamine can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. 27879249 7 64 theme intermediate 1107:1118 arg1 accumulation 1084:1095 the accumulation 1080:1095 the accumulation of an LLO intermediate (Man3GlcNAc2) 1080:1132 We found that exposure of MEFs to ≥1 mM glucosamine significantly impaired the biosynthesis of mature (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2) LLOs before the activation of the UPR, which resulted in the accumulation of an LLO intermediate (Man3GlcNAc2). 27879249 3 65 theme complications 363:375 arg1 development 339:349 the development 335:349 the development of diabetic complications, including atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis 335:424 Glucosamine-induced ER stress has been implicated in the development of diabetic complications, including atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis. 27879249 3 66 theme diabetic 354:361 arg1 complications 363:375 diabetic complications 354:375 diabetic complications 354:375 Glucosamine-induced ER stress has been implicated in the development of diabetic complications, including atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis. 27879249 3 66 theme diabetic 354:361 arg1 atherosclerosis 388:402 atherosclerosis 388:402 atherosclerosis 388:402 Glucosamine-induced ER stress has been implicated in the development of diabetic complications, including atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis. 27879249 3 66 theme diabetic 354:361 arg1 steatosis 416:424 hepatic steatosis 408:424 hepatic steatosis 408:424 Glucosamine-induced ER stress has been implicated in the development of diabetic complications, including atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis. 27879249 8 67 theme LLO 1254:1256 arg1 biosynthesis 1258:1269 LLO biosynthesis 1254:1269 LLO biosynthesis 1254:1269 The addition of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), a chemical chaperone, was able to alleviate ER stress but did not rescue LLO biosynthesis. 27879249 1 68 theme N-linked 164:171 arg1 glycosylation 181:193 N-linked protein glycosylation 164:193 N-linked protein glycosylation 164:193 Glucosamine is an essential substrate for N-linked protein glycosylation. 27879249 7 69 theme ≥1 937:938 arg1 mM 940:941 mM 940:941 mM 940:941 We found that exposure of MEFs to ≥1 mM glucosamine significantly impaired the biosynthesis of mature (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2) LLOs before the activation of the UPR, which resulted in the accumulation of an LLO intermediate (Man3GlcNAc2). 27879249 8 70 theme ER 1225:1226 arg1 stress 1228:1233 ER stress 1225:1233 ER stress 1225:1233 The addition of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), a chemical chaperone, was able to alleviate ER stress but did not rescue LLO biosynthesis. 27879249 9 71 theme Other 1272:1276 arg1 thapsigargin 1334:1345 thapsigargin 1334:1345 thapsigargin 1334:1345 Other ER stress-inducing agents, including dithiothreitol and thapsigargin, had no effect on LLO levels. 27879249 9 71 theme Other 1272:1276 arg1 agents 1297:1302 Other ER stress-inducing agents 1272:1302 Other ER stress-inducing agents 1272:1302 Other ER stress-inducing agents, including dithiothreitol and thapsigargin, had no effect on LLO levels. 27879249 9 71 theme Other 1272:1276 arg1 dithiothreitol 1315:1328 dithiothreitol 1315:1328 dithiothreitol 1315:1328 Other ER stress-inducing agents, including dithiothreitol and thapsigargin, had no effect on LLO levels. 27879249 1 72 theme protein 173:179 arg1 glycosylation 181:193 N-linked protein glycosylation 164:193 N-linked protein glycosylation 164:193 Glucosamine is an essential substrate for N-linked protein glycosylation. 26578804 8 0 theme NPC1-deficient 1266:1279 arg1 cells 1287:1291 NPC1-deficient ldl-D cells 1266:1291 NPC1-deficient ldl-D cells 1266:1291 In the absence of galactose supplementation, NPC1-deficient ldl-D cells also transported more cholesterol from lysosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum, as monitored by an increase in cholesteryl [(14)C]-oleate levels. 26578804 4 1 theme cholesterol 489:499 arg1 content 501:507 Lysosome cholesterol content 480:507 Lysosome cholesterol content 480:507 Lysosome cholesterol content was significantly lower after treatment of NPC1-deficient human fibroblasts with benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside, an inhibitor of O-linked glycosylation. 26578804 5 2 theme cholesterol 714:724 arg1 measurement 699:709 Direct biochemical measurement 680:709 Direct biochemical measurement of cholesterol 680:724 Direct biochemical measurement of cholesterol showed that lysosomes purified from NPC1-deficient fibroblasts contained at least 30% less cholesterol when O-linked glycosylation was blocked. 26578804 8 3 theme ldl-D 1281:1285 arg1 cells 1287:1291 NPC1-deficient ldl-D cells 1266:1291 NPC1-deficient ldl-D cells 1266:1291 In the absence of galactose supplementation, NPC1-deficient ldl-D cells also transported more cholesterol from lysosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum, as monitored by an increase in cholesteryl [(14)C]-oleate levels. 26578804 6 4 gly glycosylation 1038:1050 arg1 4-epimerase 1001:1011 UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase 982:1011 UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled 982:1068 As an independent means to modify protein glycosylation, we used Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled. 26578804 8 5 theme -oleate 1422:1428 arg1 levels 1430:1435 cholesteryl [(14)C]-oleate levels 1403:1435 cholesteryl [(14)C]-oleate levels 1403:1435 In the absence of galactose supplementation, NPC1-deficient ldl-D cells also transported more cholesterol from lysosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum, as monitored by an increase in cholesteryl [(14)C]-oleate levels. 26578804 4 6 with treatment 539:547 arg1 benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside 590:637 benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside 590:637 benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside 590:637 Lysosome cholesterol content was significantly lower after treatment of NPC1-deficient human fibroblasts with benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside, an inhibitor of O-linked glycosylation. 26578804 4 6 with treatment 539:547 arg1 inhibitor 643:651 an inhibitor 640:651 an inhibitor of O-linked glycosylation 640:677 Lysosome cholesterol content was significantly lower after treatment of NPC1-deficient human fibroblasts with benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside, an inhibitor of O-linked glycosylation. 26578804 6 7 from defective 969:977 arg1 4-epimerase 1001:1011 UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase 982:1011 UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled 982:1068 As an independent means to modify protein glycosylation, we used Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled. 26578804 9 8 theme past 1528:1531 arg1 cholesterol 1516:1526 cholesterol past a lysosomal glycocalyx 1516:1554 cholesterol past a lysosomal glycocalyx 1516:1554 These experiments support a model in which NPC1 protein functions to transfer cholesterol past a lysosomal glycocalyx. 26578804 5 9 theme less 812:815 arg1 cholesterol 817:827 at least 30% less cholesterol 799:827 at least 30% less cholesterol 799:827 Direct biochemical measurement of cholesterol showed that lysosomes purified from NPC1-deficient fibroblasts contained at least 30% less cholesterol when O-linked glycosylation was blocked. 26578804 6 10 theme UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 982:999 arg1 4-epimerase 1001:1011 UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase 982:1011 UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled 982:1068 As an independent means to modify protein glycosylation, we used Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled. 26578804 6 11 theme O-linked 1029:1036 arg1 glycosylation 1038:1050 O-linked glycosylation 1029:1050 O-linked glycosylation 1029:1050 As an independent means to modify protein glycosylation, we used Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled. 26578804 1 12 theme limiting 147:154 arg1 membrane 156:163 the limiting membrane 143:163 the limiting membrane 143:163 Lysosomes are lined with a glycocalyx that protects the limiting membrane from the action of degradative enzymes. 26578804 5 13 theme Direct 680:685 arg1 measurement 699:709 Direct biochemical measurement 680:709 Direct biochemical measurement of cholesterol 680:724 Direct biochemical measurement of cholesterol showed that lysosomes purified from NPC1-deficient fibroblasts contained at least 30% less cholesterol when O-linked glycosylation was blocked. 26578804 8 14 theme galactose 1239:1247 arg1 supplementation 1249:1263 galactose supplementation 1239:1263 galactose supplementation 1239:1263 In the absence of galactose supplementation, NPC1-deficient ldl-D cells also transported more cholesterol from lysosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum, as monitored by an increase in cholesteryl [(14)C]-oleate levels. 26578804 9 15 theme lysosomal 1535:1543 arg1 glycocalyx 1545:1554 a lysosomal glycocalyx 1533:1554 cholesterol past a lysosomal glycocalyx 1516:1554 These experiments support a model in which NPC1 protein functions to transfer cholesterol past a lysosomal glycocalyx. 26578804 8 16 theme endoplasmic 1349:1359 arg1 reticulum 1361:1369 the endoplasmic reticulum 1345:1369 the endoplasmic reticulum 1345:1369 In the absence of galactose supplementation, NPC1-deficient ldl-D cells also transported more cholesterol from lysosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum, as monitored by an increase in cholesteryl [(14)C]-oleate levels. 26578804 4 17 theme Lysosome 480:487 arg1 content 501:507 Lysosome cholesterol content 480:507 Lysosome cholesterol content 480:507 Lysosome cholesterol content was significantly lower after treatment of NPC1-deficient human fibroblasts with benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside, an inhibitor of O-linked glycosylation. 26578804 5 18 theme biochemical 687:697 arg1 measurement 699:709 Direct biochemical measurement 680:709 Direct biochemical measurement of cholesterol 680:724 Direct biochemical measurement of cholesterol showed that lysosomes purified from NPC1-deficient fibroblasts contained at least 30% less cholesterol when O-linked glycosylation was blocked. 26578804 6 19 theme independent 876:886 arg1 cells 963:967 Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells 935:967 Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled 935:1068 As an independent means to modify protein glycosylation, we used Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled. 26578804 6 19 theme independent 876:886 arg1 means 888:892 an independent means 873:892 an independent means to modify protein glycosylation 873:924 As an independent means to modify protein glycosylation, we used Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled. 26578804 1 20 theme degradative 184:194 arg1 enzymes 196:202 degradative enzymes 184:202 degradative enzymes 184:202 Lysosomes are lined with a glycocalyx that protects the limiting membrane from the action of degradative enzymes. 26578804 0 21 from accumulation 45:56 arg1 cells 84:88 NPC1 protein-deficient cells 61:88 NPC1 protein-deficient cells 61:88 Glycosylation inhibition reduces cholesterol accumulation in NPC1 protein-deficient cells. 26578804 8 22 theme supplementation 1249:1263 arg1 absence 1228:1234 the absence 1224:1234 the absence of galactose supplementation 1224:1263 In the absence of galactose supplementation, NPC1-deficient ldl-D cells also transported more cholesterol from lysosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum, as monitored by an increase in cholesteryl [(14)C]-oleate levels. 26578804 2 23 theme lipoprotein-derived 305:323 arg1 cholesterol 325:335 low density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol 293:335 low density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol 293:335 We tested the hypothesis that Niemann-Pick type C 1 (NPC1) protein aids the transfer of low density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol across this glycocalyx. 26578804 1 24 theme enzymes 196:202 arg1 action 174:179 the action 170:179 the action of degradative enzymes 170:202 Lysosomes are lined with a glycocalyx that protects the limiting membrane from the action of degradative enzymes. 26578804 0 25 theme Glycosylation 0:12 arg1 inhibition 14:23 Glycosylation inhibition 0:23 Glycosylation inhibition 0:23 Glycosylation inhibition reduces cholesterol accumulation in NPC1 protein-deficient cells. 26578804 4 26 theme human 567:571 arg1 fibroblasts 573:583 NPC1-deficient human fibroblasts 552:583 NPC1-deficient human fibroblasts 552:583 Lysosome cholesterol content was significantly lower after treatment of NPC1-deficient human fibroblasts with benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside, an inhibitor of O-linked glycosylation. 26578804 2 27 theme density 297:303 arg1 cholesterol 325:335 low density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol 293:335 low density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol 293:335 We tested the hypothesis that Niemann-Pick type C 1 (NPC1) protein aids the transfer of low density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol across this glycocalyx. 26578804 7 28 dep generated 1078:1086 arg1 NPC1-deficient 1089:1102 NPC1-deficient 1089:1102 NPC1-deficient 1089:1102 CRISPR generated, NPC1-deficient ldl-D cells supplemented with galactose accumulated more cholesterol than those in which sugar addition was blocked. 26578804 7 28 dep generated 1078:1086 arg1 CRISPR 1071:1076 CRISPR 1071:1076 CRISPR 1071:1076 CRISPR generated, NPC1-deficient ldl-D cells supplemented with galactose accumulated more cholesterol than those in which sugar addition was blocked. 26578804 0 29 theme cholesterol 33:43 arg1 accumulation 45:56 cholesterol accumulation 33:56 cholesterol accumulation in NPC1 protein-deficient cells 33:88 Glycosylation inhibition reduces cholesterol accumulation in NPC1 protein-deficient cells. 26578804 4 30 theme NPC1-deficient 552:565 arg1 fibroblasts 573:583 NPC1-deficient human fibroblasts 552:583 NPC1-deficient human fibroblasts 552:583 Lysosome cholesterol content was significantly lower after treatment of NPC1-deficient human fibroblasts with benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside, an inhibitor of O-linked glycosylation. 26578804 2 31 theme low 293:295 arg1 cholesterol 325:335 low density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol 293:335 low density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol 293:335 We tested the hypothesis that Niemann-Pick type C 1 (NPC1) protein aids the transfer of low density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol across this glycocalyx. 26578804 6 32 theme protein 904:910 arg1 glycosylation 912:924 protein glycosylation 904:924 protein glycosylation 904:924 As an independent means to modify protein glycosylation, we used Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled. 26578804 3 33 theme model 382:386 arg1 prediction 363:372 A prediction 361:372 A prediction of this model 361:386 A prediction of this model is that cells will be less dependent upon NPC1 if their glycocalyx is decreased in density. 26578804 7 34 theme sugar 1193:1197 arg1 addition 1199:1206 sugar addition 1193:1206 sugar addition 1193:1206 CRISPR generated, NPC1-deficient ldl-D cells supplemented with galactose accumulated more cholesterol than those in which sugar addition was blocked. 26578804 6 35 theme ldl-D 957:961 arg1 cells 963:967 Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells 935:967 Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled 935:1068 As an independent means to modify protein glycosylation, we used Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled. 26578804 6 35 theme ldl-D 957:961 arg1 means 888:892 an independent means 873:892 an independent means to modify protein glycosylation 873:924 As an independent means to modify protein glycosylation, we used Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled. 26578804 4 36 theme fibroblasts 573:583 arg1 treatment 539:547 treatment 539:547 treatment of NPC1-deficient human fibroblasts with benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside, an inhibitor of O-linked glycosylation 539:677 Lysosome cholesterol content was significantly lower after treatment of NPC1-deficient human fibroblasts with benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside, an inhibitor of O-linked glycosylation. 26578804 6 37 theme ovary 951:955 arg1 cells 963:967 Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells 935:967 Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled 935:1068 As an independent means to modify protein glycosylation, we used Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled. 26578804 6 37 theme ovary 951:955 arg1 means 888:892 an independent means 873:892 an independent means to modify protein glycosylation 873:924 As an independent means to modify protein glycosylation, we used Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled. 26578804 2 38 theme C 253:253 arg1 protein 264:270 Niemann-Pick type C 1 (NPC1) protein 235:270 Niemann-Pick type C 1 (NPC1) protein 235:270 We tested the hypothesis that Niemann-Pick type C 1 (NPC1) protein aids the transfer of low density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol across this glycocalyx. 26578804 7 39 dep more 1156:1159 arg1 cholesterol 1161:1171 cholesterol 1161:1171 cholesterol 1161:1171 CRISPR generated, NPC1-deficient ldl-D cells supplemented with galactose accumulated more cholesterol than those in which sugar addition was blocked. 26578804 5 40 contain contained 789:797 arg2 cholesterol 817:827 at least 30% less cholesterol 799:827 at least 30% less cholesterol 799:827 Direct biochemical measurement of cholesterol showed that lysosomes purified from NPC1-deficient fibroblasts contained at least 30% less cholesterol when O-linked glycosylation was blocked. 26578804 5 40 contain contained 789:797 arg1 lysosomes 738:746 lysosomes 738:746 lysosomes purified from NPC1-deficient fibroblasts 738:787 Direct biochemical measurement of cholesterol showed that lysosomes purified from NPC1-deficient fibroblasts contained at least 30% less cholesterol when O-linked glycosylation was blocked. 26578804 4 41 link O-linked 656:663 arg1 glycosylation 665:677 O-linked glycosylation 656:677 O-linked glycosylation 656:677 Lysosome cholesterol content was significantly lower after treatment of NPC1-deficient human fibroblasts with benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside, an inhibitor of O-linked glycosylation. 26578804 2 42 theme type 248:251 arg1 protein 264:270 Niemann-Pick type C 1 (NPC1) protein 235:270 Niemann-Pick type C 1 (NPC1) protein 235:270 We tested the hypothesis that Niemann-Pick type C 1 (NPC1) protein aids the transfer of low density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol across this glycocalyx. 26578804 8 43 from increase 1391:1398 arg1 levels 1430:1435 cholesteryl [(14)C]-oleate levels 1403:1435 cholesteryl [(14)C]-oleate levels 1403:1435 In the absence of galactose supplementation, NPC1-deficient ldl-D cells also transported more cholesterol from lysosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum, as monitored by an increase in cholesteryl [(14)C]-oleate levels. 26578804 0 44 theme protein-deficient 66:82 arg1 cells 84:88 NPC1 protein-deficient cells 61:88 NPC1 protein-deficient cells 61:88 Glycosylation inhibition reduces cholesterol accumulation in NPC1 protein-deficient cells. 26578804 6 45 theme Chinese 935:941 arg1 cells 963:967 Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells 935:967 Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled 935:1068 As an independent means to modify protein glycosylation, we used Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled. 26578804 6 45 theme Chinese 935:941 arg1 means 888:892 an independent means 873:892 an independent means to modify protein glycosylation 873:924 As an independent means to modify protein glycosylation, we used Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled. 26578804 2 46 theme Niemann-Pick 235:246 arg1 protein 264:270 Niemann-Pick type C 1 (NPC1) protein 235:270 Niemann-Pick type C 1 (NPC1) protein 235:270 We tested the hypothesis that Niemann-Pick type C 1 (NPC1) protein aids the transfer of low density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol across this glycocalyx. 26578804 6 47 theme defective 969:977 arg1 cells 963:967 Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells 935:967 Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled 935:1068 As an independent means to modify protein glycosylation, we used Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled. 26578804 6 47 theme defective 969:977 arg1 means 888:892 an independent means 873:892 an independent means to modify protein glycosylation 873:924 As an independent means to modify protein glycosylation, we used Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled. 26578804 0 48 theme NPC1 61:64 arg1 cells 84:88 NPC1 protein-deficient cells 61:88 NPC1 protein-deficient cells 61:88 Glycosylation inhibition reduces cholesterol accumulation in NPC1 protein-deficient cells. 26578804 2 49 link lipoprotein-derived 305:323 arg1 cholesterol 325:335 low density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol 293:335 low density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol 293:335 We tested the hypothesis that Niemann-Pick type C 1 (NPC1) protein aids the transfer of low density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol across this glycocalyx. 26578804 6 50 theme hamster 943:949 arg1 cells 963:967 Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells 935:967 Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled 935:1068 As an independent means to modify protein glycosylation, we used Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled. 26578804 6 50 theme hamster 943:949 arg1 means 888:892 an independent means 873:892 an independent means to modify protein glycosylation 873:924 As an independent means to modify protein glycosylation, we used Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled. 26578804 5 51 theme NPC1-deficient 762:775 arg1 fibroblasts 777:787 NPC1-deficient fibroblasts 762:787 NPC1-deficient fibroblasts 762:787 Direct biochemical measurement of cholesterol showed that lysosomes purified from NPC1-deficient fibroblasts contained at least 30% less cholesterol when O-linked glycosylation was blocked. 26578804 6 52 link O-linked 1029:1036 arg1 glycosylation 1038:1050 O-linked glycosylation 1029:1050 O-linked glycosylation 1029:1050 As an independent means to modify protein glycosylation, we used Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled. 26578804 5 53 link O-linked 834:841 arg1 glycosylation 843:855 O-linked glycosylation 834:855 O-linked glycosylation 834:855 Direct biochemical measurement of cholesterol showed that lysosomes purified from NPC1-deficient fibroblasts contained at least 30% less cholesterol when O-linked glycosylation was blocked. 26578804 4 54 theme O-linked 656:663 arg1 glycosylation 665:677 O-linked glycosylation 656:677 O-linked glycosylation 656:677 Lysosome cholesterol content was significantly lower after treatment of NPC1-deficient human fibroblasts with benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside, an inhibitor of O-linked glycosylation. 26578804 2 55 theme NPC1 258:261 arg1 protein 264:270 Niemann-Pick type C 1 (NPC1) protein 235:270 Niemann-Pick type C 1 (NPC1) protein 235:270 We tested the hypothesis that Niemann-Pick type C 1 (NPC1) protein aids the transfer of low density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol across this glycocalyx. 26578804 2 56 theme cholesterol 325:335 arg1 transfer 281:288 the transfer 277:288 the transfer of low density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol across this glycocalyx 277:358 We tested the hypothesis that Niemann-Pick type C 1 (NPC1) protein aids the transfer of low density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol across this glycocalyx. 26578804 5 57 theme O-linked 834:841 arg1 glycosylation 843:855 O-linked glycosylation 834:855 O-linked glycosylation 834:855 Direct biochemical measurement of cholesterol showed that lysosomes purified from NPC1-deficient fibroblasts contained at least 30% less cholesterol when O-linked glycosylation was blocked. 26578804 9 58 dep cholesterol 1516:1526 arg1 glycocalyx 1545:1554 a lysosomal glycocalyx 1533:1554 cholesterol past a lysosomal glycocalyx 1516:1554 These experiments support a model in which NPC1 protein functions to transfer cholesterol past a lysosomal glycocalyx. 26578804 7 59 theme ldl-D 1104:1108 arg1 cells 1110:1114 CRISPR generated, NPC1-deficient ldl-D cells 1071:1114 CRISPR generated, NPC1-deficient ldl-D cells supplemented with galactose 1071:1142 CRISPR generated, NPC1-deficient ldl-D cells supplemented with galactose accumulated more cholesterol than those in which sugar addition was blocked. 26578804 6 60 from 4-epimerase 1001:1011 arg1 defective 969:977 defective 969:977 defective 969:977 As an independent means to modify protein glycosylation, we used Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled. 26578804 6 61 used used 930:933 arg2 we 927:928 we 927:928 we 927:928 As an independent means to modify protein glycosylation, we used Chinese hamster ovary ldl-D cells defective in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase in which N- and O-linked glycosylation can be controlled. 26578804 7 62 theme generated 1078:1086 arg1 cells 1110:1114 CRISPR generated, NPC1-deficient ldl-D cells 1071:1114 CRISPR generated, NPC1-deficient ldl-D cells supplemented with galactose 1071:1142 CRISPR generated, NPC1-deficient ldl-D cells supplemented with galactose accumulated more cholesterol than those in which sugar addition was blocked. 26578804 9 63 theme NPC1 1481:1484 arg1 protein 1486:1492 NPC1 protein 1481:1492 NPC1 protein 1481:1492 These experiments support a model in which NPC1 protein functions to transfer cholesterol past a lysosomal glycocalyx. 26578804 4 64 theme glycosylation 665:677 arg1 benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside 590:637 benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside 590:637 benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside 590:637 Lysosome cholesterol content was significantly lower after treatment of NPC1-deficient human fibroblasts with benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside, an inhibitor of O-linked glycosylation. 26578804 4 64 theme glycosylation 665:677 arg1 inhibitor 643:651 an inhibitor 640:651 an inhibitor of O-linked glycosylation 640:677 Lysosome cholesterol content was significantly lower after treatment of NPC1-deficient human fibroblasts with benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside, an inhibitor of O-linked glycosylation. 25769308 11 0 theme fibre 1592:1596 arg1 content 1598:1604 dietary fibre content 1584:1604 dietary fibre content 1584:1604 A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling cell wall composition could help to improve several quality traits of cereal products (e.g. dietary fibre content, biomass conversion to biofuel). 25769308 5 1 theme Considerable 604:615 arg1 diversity 622:630 Considerable wall diversity 604:630 Considerable wall diversity between cell types 604:649 Considerable wall diversity between cell types was revealed. 25769308 11 2 theme cell 1492:1495 arg1 composition 1502:1512 cell wall composition 1492:1512 cell wall composition 1492:1512 A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling cell wall composition could help to improve several quality traits of cereal products (e.g. dietary fibre content, biomass conversion to biofuel). 25769308 2 3 theme outer 271:275 arg1 valuable 305:312 valuable 305:312 valuable 305:312 In the food industry, the grain outer layers called 'the bran' is valuable since it is rich in dietary fibre and other beneficial nutriments. 25769308 2 3 theme outer 271:275 arg1 layers 277:282 the grain outer layers 261:282 the grain outer layers called 'the bran' 261:300 In the food industry, the grain outer layers called 'the bran' is valuable since it is rich in dietary fibre and other beneficial nutriments. 25769308 2 4 from valuable 305:312 arg1 industry 251:258 the food industry 242:258 the food industry 242:258 In the food industry, the grain outer layers called 'the bran' is valuable since it is rich in dietary fibre and other beneficial nutriments. 25769308 3 5 from content 435:441 arg1 material 456:463 cell wall material 446:463 cell wall material 446:463 The outer layers comprise several tissues with a high content in cell wall material. 25769308 1 6 theme developing 172:181 arg1 seed 183:186 the developing seed 168:186 the developing seed 168:186 Cereal grain outer layers fulfil essential functions for the developing seed such as supplying energy and providing protection. 25769308 9 7 theme other 1192:1196 arg1 species 1198:1204 other species 1192:1204 other species 1192:1204 Several protein families specific to one fraction and with characterized homologs in other species might be related to the specific detection of a polysaccharide in a particular cell layer. 25769308 2 8 from rich 326:329 arg1 nutriments 369:378 other beneficial nutriments 352:378 other beneficial nutriments 352:378 In the food industry, the grain outer layers called 'the bran' is valuable since it is rich in dietary fibre and other beneficial nutriments. 25769308 2 8 from rich 326:329 arg1 fibre 342:346 fibre 342:346 fibre 342:346 In the food industry, the grain outer layers called 'the bran' is valuable since it is rich in dietary fibre and other beneficial nutriments. 25769308 4 9 theme cell 583:586 arg1 synthesis 593:601 active cell wall synthesis 576:601 active cell wall synthesis 576:601 The cell wall composition of the grain peripheral tissues was investigated with specific probes at a stage of active cell wall synthesis. 25769308 4 10 theme synthesis 593:601 arg1 stage 567:571 a stage 565:571 a stage of active cell wall synthesis 565:601 The cell wall composition of the grain peripheral tissues was investigated with specific probes at a stage of active cell wall synthesis. 25769308 5 11 theme cell 640:643 arg1 types 645:649 cell types 640:649 cell types 640:649 Considerable wall diversity between cell types was revealed. 25769308 1 12 theme grain 118:122 arg1 layers 130:135 Cereal grain outer layers 111:135 Cereal grain outer layers 111:135 Cereal grain outer layers fulfil essential functions for the developing seed such as supplying energy and providing protection. 25769308 9 13 from homologs 1180:1187 arg1 species 1198:1204 other species 1192:1204 other species 1192:1204 Several protein families specific to one fraction and with characterized homologs in other species might be related to the specific detection of a polysaccharide in a particular cell layer. 25769308 0 14 theme wall 66:69 arg1 metabolism 71:80 cell wall metabolism 61:80 cell wall metabolism in wheat grain outer layers 61:108 Endomembrane proteomics reveals putative enzymes involved in cell wall metabolism in wheat grain outer layers. 25769308 7 15 theme 1304 944:947 arg1 proteins 949:956 1304 proteins 944:956 1304 proteins 944:956 The tissues were dissected into outer pericarp and intermediate layers where 822 and 1304 proteins were identified respectively. 25769308 1 16 theme essential 144:152 arg1 functions 154:162 essential functions 144:162 essential functions for the developing seed such as supplying energy and providing protection 144:236 Cereal grain outer layers fulfil essential functions for the developing seed such as supplying energy and providing protection. 25769308 9 17 theme Several 1107:1113 arg1 families 1123:1130 Several protein families 1107:1130 Several protein families specific to one fraction and with characterized homologs in other species 1107:1204 Several protein families specific to one fraction and with characterized homologs in other species might be related to the specific detection of a polysaccharide in a particular cell layer. 25769308 6 18 theme proteomic 747:755 arg1 approach 757:764 a subcellular proteomic approach 733:764 a subcellular proteomic approach 733:764 To identify the cellular machinery involved in cell wall synthesis, a subcellular proteomic approach was used targeting the Golgi apparatus where most cell wall polysaccharides are synthesized. 25769308 0 19 theme grain 91:95 arg1 layers 103:108 wheat grain outer layers 85:108 wheat grain outer layers 85:108 Endomembrane proteomics reveals putative enzymes involved in cell wall metabolism in wheat grain outer layers. 25769308 9 20 theme particular 1274:1283 arg1 layer 1290:1294 a particular cell layer 1272:1294 a particular cell layer 1272:1294 Several protein families specific to one fraction and with characterized homologs in other species might be related to the specific detection of a polysaccharide in a particular cell layer. 25769308 8 21 from others 1080:1085 arg1 tissue 1099:1104 one tissue 1095:1104 one tissue 1095:1104 Many carbohydrate-active enzymes were revealed: some in the two peripheral grain fractions, others only in one tissue. 25769308 2 22 theme other 352:356 arg1 nutriments 369:378 other beneficial nutriments 352:378 other beneficial nutriments 352:378 In the food industry, the grain outer layers called 'the bran' is valuable since it is rich in dietary fibre and other beneficial nutriments. 25769308 3 23 theme outer 385:389 arg1 layers 391:396 The outer layers 381:396 The outer layers 381:396 The outer layers comprise several tissues with a high content in cell wall material. 25769308 0 24 theme Endomembrane 0:11 arg1 proteomics 13:22 Endomembrane proteomics 0:22 Endomembrane proteomics 0:22 Endomembrane proteomics reveals putative enzymes involved in cell wall metabolism in wheat grain outer layers. 25769308 7 25 theme outer 891:895 arg1 layers 923:928 outer pericarp and intermediate layers 891:928 outer pericarp and intermediate layers where 822 and 1304 proteins were identified respectively 891:985 The tissues were dissected into outer pericarp and intermediate layers where 822 and 1304 proteins were identified respectively. 25769308 11 26 theme several 1536:1542 arg1 traits 1552:1557 several quality traits 1536:1557 several quality traits of cereal products (e.g. dietary fibre content, biomass conversion to biofuel) 1536:1636 A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling cell wall composition could help to improve several quality traits of cereal products (e.g. dietary fibre content, biomass conversion to biofuel). 25769308 4 27 theme grain 499:503 arg1 tissues 516:522 the grain peripheral tissues 495:522 the grain peripheral tissues 495:522 The cell wall composition of the grain peripheral tissues was investigated with specific probes at a stage of active cell wall synthesis. 25769308 9 28 theme characterized 1166:1178 arg1 homologs 1180:1187 characterized homologs 1166:1187 characterized homologs in other species 1166:1204 Several protein families specific to one fraction and with characterized homologs in other species might be related to the specific detection of a polysaccharide in a particular cell layer. 25769308 8 29 theme peripheral 1052:1061 arg1 fractions 1069:1077 the two peripheral grain fractions 1044:1077 the two peripheral grain fractions 1044:1077 Many carbohydrate-active enzymes were revealed: some in the two peripheral grain fractions, others only in one tissue. 25769308 8 29 theme peripheral 1052:1061 arg1 others 1080:1085 others 1080:1085 others only in one tissue 1080:1104 Many carbohydrate-active enzymes were revealed: some in the two peripheral grain fractions, others only in one tissue. 25769308 10 30 from information 1322:1332 arg1 tissues 1397:1403 the valuable outer tissues 1378:1403 the valuable outer tissues 1378:1403 This report provides new information on grain cell walls and its biosynthesis in the valuable outer tissues, which are poorly studied so far. 25769308 10 30 from information 1322:1332 arg1 walls 1348:1352 grain cell walls 1337:1352 grain cell walls 1337:1352 This report provides new information on grain cell walls and its biosynthesis in the valuable outer tissues, which are poorly studied so far. 25769308 4 31 theme tissues 516:522 arg1 composition 480:490 The cell wall composition 466:490 The cell wall composition of the grain peripheral tissues 466:522 The cell wall composition of the grain peripheral tissues was investigated with specific probes at a stage of active cell wall synthesis. 25769308 6 32 theme cell 816:819 arg1 polysaccharides 826:840 most cell wall polysaccharides 811:840 most cell wall polysaccharides 811:840 To identify the cellular machinery involved in cell wall synthesis, a subcellular proteomic approach was used targeting the Golgi apparatus where most cell wall polysaccharides are synthesized. 25769308 2 33 from fibre 342:346 arg1 rich 326:329 rich 326:329 rich 326:329 In the food industry, the grain outer layers called 'the bran' is valuable since it is rich in dietary fibre and other beneficial nutriments. 25769308 4 34 theme wall 475:478 arg1 composition 480:490 The cell wall composition 466:490 The cell wall composition of the grain peripheral tissues 466:522 The cell wall composition of the grain peripheral tissues was investigated with specific probes at a stage of active cell wall synthesis. 25769308 6 35 theme wall 717:720 arg1 synthesis 722:730 cell wall synthesis 712:730 cell wall synthesis 712:730 To identify the cellular machinery involved in cell wall synthesis, a subcellular proteomic approach was used targeting the Golgi apparatus where most cell wall polysaccharides are synthesized. 25769308 3 36 theme cell 446:449 arg1 material 456:463 cell wall material 446:463 cell wall material 446:463 The outer layers comprise several tissues with a high content in cell wall material. 25769308 10 37 theme outer 1391:1395 arg1 tissues 1397:1403 the valuable outer tissues 1378:1403 the valuable outer tissues 1378:1403 This report provides new information on grain cell walls and its biosynthesis in the valuable outer tissues, which are poorly studied so far. 25769308 9 38 theme protein 1115:1121 arg1 families 1123:1130 Several protein families 1107:1130 Several protein families specific to one fraction and with characterized homologs in other species 1107:1204 Several protein families specific to one fraction and with characterized homologs in other species might be related to the specific detection of a polysaccharide in a particular cell layer. 25769308 6 39 theme Golgi 789:793 arg1 apparatus 795:803 the Golgi apparatus 785:803 the Golgi apparatus where most cell wall polysaccharides are synthesized 785:856 To identify the cellular machinery involved in cell wall synthesis, a subcellular proteomic approach was used targeting the Golgi apparatus where most cell wall polysaccharides are synthesized. 25769308 2 40 from nutriments 369:378 arg1 rich 326:329 rich 326:329 rich 326:329 In the food industry, the grain outer layers called 'the bran' is valuable since it is rich in dietary fibre and other beneficial nutriments. 25769308 10 41 theme grain 1337:1341 arg1 walls 1348:1352 grain cell walls 1337:1352 grain cell walls 1337:1352 This report provides new information on grain cell walls and its biosynthesis in the valuable outer tissues, which are poorly studied so far. 25769308 11 42 theme biomass 1607:1613 arg1 conversion 1615:1624 biomass conversion 1607:1624 biomass conversion to biofuel 1607:1635 A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling cell wall composition could help to improve several quality traits of cereal products (e.g. dietary fibre content, biomass conversion to biofuel). 25769308 10 43 theme valuable 1382:1389 arg1 tissues 1397:1403 the valuable outer tissues 1378:1403 the valuable outer tissues 1378:1403 This report provides new information on grain cell walls and its biosynthesis in the valuable outer tissues, which are poorly studied so far. 25769308 5 44 theme wall 617:620 arg1 diversity 622:630 Considerable wall diversity 604:630 Considerable wall diversity between cell types 604:649 Considerable wall diversity between cell types was revealed. 25769308 11 45 theme cereal 1562:1567 arg1 products 1569:1576 cereal products 1562:1576 cereal products (e.g. dietary fibre content, biomass conversion to biofuel) 1562:1636 A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling cell wall composition could help to improve several quality traits of cereal products (e.g. dietary fibre content, biomass conversion to biofuel). 25769308 4 46 theme specific 546:553 arg1 probes 555:560 specific probes 546:560 specific probes 546:560 The cell wall composition of the grain peripheral tissues was investigated with specific probes at a stage of active cell wall synthesis. 25769308 11 47 theme wall 1497:1500 arg1 composition 1502:1512 cell wall composition 1492:1512 cell wall composition 1492:1512 A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling cell wall composition could help to improve several quality traits of cereal products (e.g. dietary fibre content, biomass conversion to biofuel). 25769308 2 48 theme grain 265:269 arg1 valuable 305:312 valuable 305:312 valuable 305:312 In the food industry, the grain outer layers called 'the bran' is valuable since it is rich in dietary fibre and other beneficial nutriments. 25769308 2 48 theme grain 265:269 arg1 layers 277:282 the grain outer layers 261:282 the grain outer layers called 'the bran' 261:300 In the food industry, the grain outer layers called 'the bran' is valuable since it is rich in dietary fibre and other beneficial nutriments. 25769308 6 49 theme subcellular 735:745 arg1 approach 757:764 a subcellular proteomic approach 733:764 a subcellular proteomic approach 733:764 To identify the cellular machinery involved in cell wall synthesis, a subcellular proteomic approach was used targeting the Golgi apparatus where most cell wall polysaccharides are synthesized. 25769308 8 50 theme carbohydrate-active 993:1011 arg1 enzymes 1013:1019 Many carbohydrate-active enzymes 988:1019 Many carbohydrate-active enzymes 988:1019 Many carbohydrate-active enzymes were revealed: some in the two peripheral grain fractions, others only in one tissue. 25769308 3 51 with tissues 415:421 arg1 content 435:441 a high content 428:441 a high content in cell wall material 428:463 The outer layers comprise several tissues with a high content in cell wall material. 25769308 6 52 theme cell 712:715 arg1 synthesis 722:730 cell wall synthesis 712:730 cell wall synthesis 712:730 To identify the cellular machinery involved in cell wall synthesis, a subcellular proteomic approach was used targeting the Golgi apparatus where most cell wall polysaccharides are synthesized. 25769308 4 53 theme active 576:581 arg1 synthesis 593:601 active cell wall synthesis 576:601 active cell wall synthesis 576:601 The cell wall composition of the grain peripheral tissues was investigated with specific probes at a stage of active cell wall synthesis. 25769308 6 54 used used 770:773 arg2 approach 757:764 a subcellular proteomic approach 733:764 a subcellular proteomic approach 733:764 To identify the cellular machinery involved in cell wall synthesis, a subcellular proteomic approach was used targeting the Golgi apparatus where most cell wall polysaccharides are synthesized. 25769308 0 55 from metabolism 71:80 arg1 layers 103:108 wheat grain outer layers 85:108 wheat grain outer layers 85:108 Endomembrane proteomics reveals putative enzymes involved in cell wall metabolism in wheat grain outer layers. 25769308 4 56 theme wall 588:591 arg1 synthesis 593:601 active cell wall synthesis 576:601 active cell wall synthesis 576:601 The cell wall composition of the grain peripheral tissues was investigated with specific probes at a stage of active cell wall synthesis. 25769308 1 57 theme Cereal 111:116 arg1 layers 130:135 Cereal grain outer layers 111:135 Cereal grain outer layers 111:135 Cereal grain outer layers fulfil essential functions for the developing seed such as supplying energy and providing protection. 25769308 11 58 theme better 1441:1446 arg1 understanding 1448:1460 A better understanding 1439:1460 A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling cell wall composition 1439:1512 A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling cell wall composition could help to improve several quality traits of cereal products (e.g. dietary fibre content, biomass conversion to biofuel). 25769308 8 59 theme Many 988:991 arg1 enzymes 1013:1019 Many carbohydrate-active enzymes 988:1019 Many carbohydrate-active enzymes 988:1019 Many carbohydrate-active enzymes were revealed: some in the two peripheral grain fractions, others only in one tissue. 25769308 9 60 theme specific 1230:1237 arg1 detection 1239:1247 the specific detection 1226:1247 the specific detection of a polysaccharide in a particular cell layer 1226:1294 Several protein families specific to one fraction and with characterized homologs in other species might be related to the specific detection of a polysaccharide in a particular cell layer. 25769308 1 61 theme outer 124:128 arg1 layers 130:135 Cereal grain outer layers 111:135 Cereal grain outer layers 111:135 Cereal grain outer layers fulfil essential functions for the developing seed such as supplying energy and providing protection. 25769308 2 62 theme food 246:249 arg1 industry 251:258 the food industry 242:258 the food industry 242:258 In the food industry, the grain outer layers called 'the bran' is valuable since it is rich in dietary fibre and other beneficial nutriments. 25769308 11 63 theme mechanisms 1469:1478 arg1 understanding 1448:1460 A better understanding 1439:1460 A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling cell wall composition 1439:1512 A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling cell wall composition could help to improve several quality traits of cereal products (e.g. dietary fibre content, biomass conversion to biofuel). 25769308 0 64 theme wheat 85:89 arg1 layers 103:108 wheat grain outer layers 85:108 wheat grain outer layers 85:108 Endomembrane proteomics reveals putative enzymes involved in cell wall metabolism in wheat grain outer layers. 25769308 9 65 theme polysaccharide 1254:1267 arg1 detection 1239:1247 the specific detection 1226:1247 the specific detection of a polysaccharide in a particular cell layer 1226:1294 Several protein families specific to one fraction and with characterized homologs in other species might be related to the specific detection of a polysaccharide in a particular cell layer. 25769308 4 66 theme cell 470:473 arg1 composition 480:490 The cell wall composition 466:490 The cell wall composition of the grain peripheral tissues 466:522 The cell wall composition of the grain peripheral tissues was investigated with specific probes at a stage of active cell wall synthesis. 25769308 0 67 theme outer 97:101 arg1 layers 103:108 wheat grain outer layers 85:108 wheat grain outer layers 85:108 Endomembrane proteomics reveals putative enzymes involved in cell wall metabolism in wheat grain outer layers. 25769308 9 68 theme cell 1285:1288 arg1 layer 1290:1294 a particular cell layer 1272:1294 a particular cell layer 1272:1294 Several protein families specific to one fraction and with characterized homologs in other species might be related to the specific detection of a polysaccharide in a particular cell layer. 25769308 3 69 theme several 407:413 arg1 tissues 415:421 several tissues 407:421 several tissues with a high content in cell wall material 407:463 The outer layers comprise several tissues with a high content in cell wall material. 25769308 7 70 theme intermediate 910:921 arg1 layers 923:928 outer pericarp and intermediate layers 891:928 outer pericarp and intermediate layers where 822 and 1304 proteins were identified respectively 891:985 The tissues were dissected into outer pericarp and intermediate layers where 822 and 1304 proteins were identified respectively. 25769308 4 71 theme peripheral 505:514 arg1 tissues 516:522 the grain peripheral tissues 495:522 the grain peripheral tissues 495:522 The cell wall composition of the grain peripheral tissues was investigated with specific probes at a stage of active cell wall synthesis. 25769308 0 72 theme putative 32:39 arg1 enzymes 41:47 putative enzymes 32:47 putative enzymes involved in cell wall metabolism in wheat grain outer layers 32:108 Endomembrane proteomics reveals putative enzymes involved in cell wall metabolism in wheat grain outer layers. 25769308 11 73 dep content 1598:1604 arg1 e.g. 1579:1582 e.g. 1579:1582 e.g. 1579:1582 A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling cell wall composition could help to improve several quality traits of cereal products (e.g. dietary fibre content, biomass conversion to biofuel). 25769308 11 73 dep content 1598:1604 arg1 conversion 1615:1624 biomass conversion 1607:1624 biomass conversion to biofuel 1607:1635 A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling cell wall composition could help to improve several quality traits of cereal products (e.g. dietary fibre content, biomass conversion to biofuel). 25769308 8 74 theme grain 1063:1067 arg1 fractions 1069:1077 the two peripheral grain fractions 1044:1077 the two peripheral grain fractions 1044:1077 Many carbohydrate-active enzymes were revealed: some in the two peripheral grain fractions, others only in one tissue. 25769308 8 74 theme grain 1063:1067 arg1 others 1080:1085 others 1080:1085 others only in one tissue 1080:1104 Many carbohydrate-active enzymes were revealed: some in the two peripheral grain fractions, others only in one tissue. 25769308 7 75 theme pericarp 897:904 arg1 layers 923:928 outer pericarp and intermediate layers 891:928 outer pericarp and intermediate layers where 822 and 1304 proteins were identified respectively 891:985 The tissues were dissected into outer pericarp and intermediate layers where 822 and 1304 proteins were identified respectively. 25769308 9 76 theme specific 1132:1139 arg1 families 1123:1130 Several protein families 1107:1130 Several protein families specific to one fraction and with characterized homologs in other species 1107:1204 Several protein families specific to one fraction and with characterized homologs in other species might be related to the specific detection of a polysaccharide in a particular cell layer. 25769308 3 77 theme high 430:433 arg1 content 435:441 a high content 428:441 a high content in cell wall material 428:463 The outer layers comprise several tissues with a high content in cell wall material. 25769308 6 78 theme wall 821:824 arg1 polysaccharides 826:840 most cell wall polysaccharides 811:840 most cell wall polysaccharides 811:840 To identify the cellular machinery involved in cell wall synthesis, a subcellular proteomic approach was used targeting the Golgi apparatus where most cell wall polysaccharides are synthesized. 25769308 2 79 from industry 251:258 arg1 valuable 305:312 valuable 305:312 valuable 305:312 In the food industry, the grain outer layers called 'the bran' is valuable since it is rich in dietary fibre and other beneficial nutriments. 25769308 2 79 from industry 251:258 arg1 layers 277:282 the grain outer layers 261:282 the grain outer layers called 'the bran' 261:300 In the food industry, the grain outer layers called 'the bran' is valuable since it is rich in dietary fibre and other beneficial nutriments. 25769308 10 80 theme new 1318:1320 arg1 information 1322:1332 new information 1318:1332 new information on grain cell walls 1318:1352 This report provides new information on grain cell walls and its biosynthesis in the valuable outer tissues, which are poorly studied so far. 25769308 2 81 theme beneficial 358:367 arg1 nutriments 369:378 other beneficial nutriments 352:378 other beneficial nutriments 352:378 In the food industry, the grain outer layers called 'the bran' is valuable since it is rich in dietary fibre and other beneficial nutriments. 25769308 0 82 theme cell 61:64 arg1 metabolism 71:80 cell wall metabolism 61:80 cell wall metabolism in wheat grain outer layers 61:108 Endomembrane proteomics reveals putative enzymes involved in cell wall metabolism in wheat grain outer layers. 25769308 6 83 theme most 811:814 arg1 polysaccharides 826:840 most cell wall polysaccharides 811:840 most cell wall polysaccharides 811:840 To identify the cellular machinery involved in cell wall synthesis, a subcellular proteomic approach was used targeting the Golgi apparatus where most cell wall polysaccharides are synthesized. 25769308 11 84 theme quality 1544:1550 arg1 traits 1552:1557 several quality traits 1536:1557 several quality traits of cereal products (e.g. dietary fibre content, biomass conversion to biofuel) 1536:1636 A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling cell wall composition could help to improve several quality traits of cereal products (e.g. dietary fibre content, biomass conversion to biofuel). 25769308 3 85 theme wall 451:454 arg1 material 456:463 cell wall material 446:463 cell wall material 446:463 The outer layers comprise several tissues with a high content in cell wall material. 25769308 11 86 theme dietary 1584:1590 arg1 content 1598:1604 dietary fibre content 1584:1604 dietary fibre content 1584:1604 A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling cell wall composition could help to improve several quality traits of cereal products (e.g. dietary fibre content, biomass conversion to biofuel). 25769308 10 87 from biosynthesis 1362:1373 arg1 tissues 1397:1403 the valuable outer tissues 1378:1403 the valuable outer tissues 1378:1403 This report provides new information on grain cell walls and its biosynthesis in the valuable outer tissues, which are poorly studied so far. 25769308 10 87 from biosynthesis 1362:1373 arg1 walls 1348:1352 grain cell walls 1337:1352 grain cell walls 1337:1352 This report provides new information on grain cell walls and its biosynthesis in the valuable outer tissues, which are poorly studied so far. 25769308 6 88 theme cellular 681:688 arg1 machinery 690:698 the cellular machinery 677:698 the cellular machinery involved in cell wall synthesis 677:730 To identify the cellular machinery involved in cell wall synthesis, a subcellular proteomic approach was used targeting the Golgi apparatus where most cell wall polysaccharides are synthesized. 25769308 10 89 theme cell 1343:1346 arg1 walls 1348:1352 grain cell walls 1337:1352 grain cell walls 1337:1352 This report provides new information on grain cell walls and its biosynthesis in the valuable outer tissues, which are poorly studied so far. 25769308 9 90 from detection 1239:1247 arg1 layer 1290:1294 a particular cell layer 1272:1294 a particular cell layer 1272:1294 Several protein families specific to one fraction and with characterized homologs in other species might be related to the specific detection of a polysaccharide in a particular cell layer. 25769308 11 91 theme products 1569:1576 arg1 traits 1552:1557 several quality traits 1536:1557 several quality traits of cereal products (e.g. dietary fibre content, biomass conversion to biofuel) 1536:1636 A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling cell wall composition could help to improve several quality traits of cereal products (e.g. dietary fibre content, biomass conversion to biofuel). 25769308 9 92 with specific 1132:1139 arg1 homologs 1180:1187 characterized homologs 1166:1187 characterized homologs in other species 1166:1204 Several protein families specific to one fraction and with characterized homologs in other species might be related to the specific detection of a polysaccharide in a particular cell layer. 27922732 4 0 theme phosphate 750:758 arg1 saliva 706:711 saliva 706:711 saliva 706:711 Twin with caries experience showed higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride and higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm compared to her sister. 27922732 4 0 theme phosphate 750:758 arg1 concentrations 723:736 lower concentrations 717:736 lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride 717:772 Twin with caries experience showed higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride and higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm compared to her sister. 27922732 1 1 from disorder 127:134 arg1 humans 139:144 humans 139:144 humans 139:144 Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder in humans, but its incidence in monozygotic twins is extremely rare. 27922732 0 2 from caries 7:12 arg1 twins 40:44 twins 40:44 twins with Down syndrome 40:63 Dental caries and associated factors in twins with Down syndrome: a case report. 27922732 1 3 theme common 112:117 arg1 syndrome 86:93 Down syndrome 81:93 Down syndrome (DS) 81:98 Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder in humans, but its incidence in monozygotic twins is extremely rare. 27922732 1 3 theme common 112:117 arg1 disorder 127:134 the most common genetic disorder 103:134 the most common genetic disorder in humans 103:144 Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder in humans, but its incidence in monozygotic twins is extremely rare. 27922732 5 4 theme Genotypic 872:880 arg1 diversity 882:890 Genotypic diversity 872:890 Genotypic diversity of S. mutans 872:903 Genotypic diversity of S. mutans was also higher in the twin with caries experience. 27922732 3 5 theme toothbrushing 581:593 arg1 habits 595:600 toothbrushing habits 581:600 toothbrushing habits 581:600 Clinical examination, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels and their genotypic diversity, the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm, the frequency of sucrose consumption, and toothbrushing habits were assessed from the twin girls. 27922732 2 6 contain had 341:343 arg1 one 337:339 one 337:339 one 337:339 The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with dental caries in a pair of monozygotic twin girls with DS, where one had caries experience and the other did not. 27922732 2 6 contain had 341:343 arg2 caries 345:350 caries experience 345:361 caries experience 345:361 The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with dental caries in a pair of monozygotic twin girls with DS, where one had caries experience and the other did not. 27922732 2 7 theme study 221:225 arg1 aim 209:211 The aim 205:211 The aim of this study 205:225 The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with dental caries in a pair of monozygotic twin girls with DS, where one had caries experience and the other did not. 27922732 3 8 dep mutans 431:436 arg1 mutans 442:447 S. mutans 439:447 S. mutans 439:447 Clinical examination, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels and their genotypic diversity, the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm, the frequency of sucrose consumption, and toothbrushing habits were assessed from the twin girls. 27922732 0 9 theme case 68:71 arg1 report 73:78 a case report 66:78 a case report 66:78 Dental caries and associated factors in twins with Down syndrome: a case report. 27922732 3 10 theme twin 625:628 arg1 girls 630:634 the twin girls 621:634 the twin girls 621:634 Clinical examination, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels and their genotypic diversity, the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm, the frequency of sucrose consumption, and toothbrushing habits were assessed from the twin girls. 27922732 6 11 theme biofilm 964:970 arg1 composition 972:982 Dental biofilm composition 957:982 Dental biofilm composition 957:982 Dental biofilm composition showed different patterns of cariogenicity between the two sisters, which may also by itself explain the difference in the dental caries between them. 27922732 0 12 dep report 73:78 arg1 caries 7:12 Dental caries 0:12 Dental caries 0:12 Dental caries and associated factors in twins with Down syndrome: a case report. 27922732 0 12 dep report 73:78 arg1 factors 29:35 associated factors 18:35 associated factors 18:35 Dental caries and associated factors in twins with Down syndrome: a case report. 27922732 1 13 theme genetic 119:125 arg1 syndrome 86:93 Down syndrome 81:93 Down syndrome (DS) 81:98 Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder in humans, but its incidence in monozygotic twins is extremely rare. 27922732 1 13 theme genetic 119:125 arg1 disorder 127:134 the most common genetic disorder 103:134 the most common genetic disorder in humans 103:144 Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder in humans, but its incidence in monozygotic twins is extremely rare. 27922732 6 14 from difference 1089:1098 arg1 caries 1114:1119 the dental caries 1103:1119 the dental caries 1103:1119 Dental biofilm composition showed different patterns of cariogenicity between the two sisters, which may also by itself explain the difference in the dental caries between them. 27922732 4 15 theme lower 717:721 arg1 concentrations 723:736 lower concentrations 717:736 lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride 717:772 Twin with caries experience showed higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride and higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm compared to her sister. 27922732 0 16 theme Dental 0:5 arg1 caries 7:12 Dental caries 0:12 Dental caries 0:12 Dental caries and associated factors in twins with Down syndrome: a case report. 27922732 3 17 theme Clinical 386:393 arg1 examination 395:405 Clinical examination 386:405 Clinical examination 386:405 Clinical examination, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels and their genotypic diversity, the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm, the frequency of sucrose consumption, and toothbrushing habits were assessed from the twin girls. 27922732 2 18 theme twin 311:314 arg1 girls 316:320 monozygotic twin girls 299:320 monozygotic twin girls with DS, where one had caries experience and the other did not 299:383 The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with dental caries in a pair of monozygotic twin girls with DS, where one had caries experience and the other did not. 27922732 0 19 from factors 29:35 arg1 twins 40:44 twins 40:44 twins with Down syndrome 40:63 Dental caries and associated factors in twins with Down syndrome: a case report. 27922732 4 20 theme calcium 741:747 arg1 saliva 706:711 saliva 706:711 saliva 706:711 Twin with caries experience showed higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride and higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm compared to her sister. 27922732 4 20 theme calcium 741:747 arg1 concentrations 723:736 lower concentrations 717:736 lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride 717:772 Twin with caries experience showed higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride and higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm compared to her sister. 27922732 2 21 from caries 279:284 arg1 pair 291:294 a pair 289:294 a pair of monozygotic twin girls with DS, where one had caries experience and the other did not 289:383 The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with dental caries in a pair of monozygotic twin girls with DS, where one had caries experience and the other did not. 27922732 2 22 theme monozygotic 299:309 arg1 girls 316:320 monozygotic twin girls 299:320 monozygotic twin girls with DS, where one had caries experience and the other did not 299:383 The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with dental caries in a pair of monozygotic twin girls with DS, where one had caries experience and the other did not. 27922732 2 23 with girls 316:320 arg1 DS 327:328 DS 327:328 DS 327:328 The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with dental caries in a pair of monozygotic twin girls with DS, where one had caries experience and the other did not. 27922732 2 24 dep caries 345:350 arg1 experience 352:361 experience 352:361 experience 352:361 The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with dental caries in a pair of monozygotic twin girls with DS, where one had caries experience and the other did not. 27922732 3 25 theme genotypic 467:475 arg1 diversity 477:485 their genotypic diversity 461:485 their genotypic diversity 461:485 Clinical examination, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels and their genotypic diversity, the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm, the frequency of sucrose consumption, and toothbrushing habits were assessed from the twin girls. 27922732 0 26 theme associated 18:27 arg1 factors 29:35 associated factors 18:35 associated factors 18:35 Dental caries and associated factors in twins with Down syndrome: a case report. 27922732 4 27 theme extracellular 803:815 arg1 polysaccharides 817:831 extracellular polysaccharides 803:831 extracellular polysaccharides 803:831 Twin with caries experience showed higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride and higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm compared to her sister. 27922732 4 28 from concentrations 785:798 arg1 saliva 706:711 saliva 706:711 saliva 706:711 Twin with caries experience showed higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride and higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm compared to her sister. 27922732 4 28 from concentrations 785:798 arg1 concentrations 723:736 lower concentrations 717:736 lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride 717:772 Twin with caries experience showed higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride and higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm compared to her sister. 27922732 4 29 theme higher 672:677 arg1 levels 679:684 higher levels 672:684 higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride 672:772 Twin with caries experience showed higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride and higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm compared to her sister. 27922732 1 30 theme Down 81:84 arg1 DS 96:97 DS 96:97 DS 96:97 Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder in humans, but its incidence in monozygotic twins is extremely rare. 27922732 1 30 theme Down 81:84 arg1 syndrome 86:93 Down syndrome 81:93 Down syndrome (DS) 81:98 Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder in humans, but its incidence in monozygotic twins is extremely rare. 27922732 1 30 theme Down 81:84 arg1 disorder 127:134 the most common genetic disorder 103:134 the most common genetic disorder in humans 103:144 Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder in humans, but its incidence in monozygotic twins is extremely rare. 27922732 4 31 dep saliva 706:711 arg1 the 702:704 the 702:704 the 702:704 Twin with caries experience showed higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride and higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm compared to her sister. 27922732 4 32 from levels 679:684 arg1 saliva 706:711 saliva 706:711 saliva 706:711 Twin with caries experience showed higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride and higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm compared to her sister. 27922732 4 32 from levels 679:684 arg1 concentrations 723:736 lower concentrations 717:736 lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride 717:772 Twin with caries experience showed higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride and higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm compared to her sister. 27922732 2 33 theme girls 316:320 arg1 pair 291:294 a pair 289:294 a pair of monozygotic twin girls with DS, where one had caries experience and the other did not 289:383 The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with dental caries in a pair of monozygotic twin girls with DS, where one had caries experience and the other did not. 27922732 4 34 theme polysaccharides 817:831 arg1 levels 679:684 higher levels 672:684 higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride 672:772 Twin with caries experience showed higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride and higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm compared to her sister. 27922732 4 34 theme polysaccharides 817:831 arg1 concentrations 785:798 higher concentrations 778:798 higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides 778:831 Twin with caries experience showed higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride and higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm compared to her sister. 27922732 3 35 theme biofilm 530:536 arg1 levels 450:455 salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels 408:455 salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels 408:455 Clinical examination, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels and their genotypic diversity, the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm, the frequency of sucrose consumption, and toothbrushing habits were assessed from the twin girls. 27922732 3 35 theme biofilm 530:536 arg1 frequency 543:551 the frequency 539:551 the frequency of sucrose consumption 539:574 Clinical examination, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels and their genotypic diversity, the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm, the frequency of sucrose consumption, and toothbrushing habits were assessed from the twin girls. 27922732 3 35 theme biofilm 530:536 arg1 composition 504:514 the biochemical composition 488:514 the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm 488:536 Clinical examination, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels and their genotypic diversity, the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm, the frequency of sucrose consumption, and toothbrushing habits were assessed from the twin girls. 27922732 3 35 theme biofilm 530:536 arg1 habits 595:600 toothbrushing habits 581:600 toothbrushing habits 581:600 Clinical examination, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels and their genotypic diversity, the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm, the frequency of sucrose consumption, and toothbrushing habits were assessed from the twin girls. 27922732 3 35 theme biofilm 530:536 arg1 examination 395:405 Clinical examination 386:405 Clinical examination 386:405 Clinical examination, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels and their genotypic diversity, the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm, the frequency of sucrose consumption, and toothbrushing habits were assessed from the twin girls. 27922732 3 35 theme biofilm 530:536 arg1 diversity 477:485 their genotypic diversity 461:485 their genotypic diversity 461:485 Clinical examination, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels and their genotypic diversity, the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm, the frequency of sucrose consumption, and toothbrushing habits were assessed from the twin girls. 27922732 3 36 theme biochemical 492:502 arg1 composition 504:514 the biochemical composition 488:514 the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm 488:536 Clinical examination, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels and their genotypic diversity, the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm, the frequency of sucrose consumption, and toothbrushing habits were assessed from the twin girls. 27922732 4 37 with Twin 637:640 arg1 caries 647:652 caries 647:652 caries 647:652 Twin with caries experience showed higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride and higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm compared to her sister. 27922732 6 38 theme dental 1107:1112 arg1 caries 1114:1119 the dental caries 1103:1119 the dental caries 1103:1119 Dental biofilm composition showed different patterns of cariogenicity between the two sisters, which may also by itself explain the difference in the dental caries between them. 27922732 1 39 from incidence 155:163 arg1 twins 180:184 monozygotic twins 168:184 monozygotic twins 168:184 Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder in humans, but its incidence in monozygotic twins is extremely rare. 27922732 2 40 theme dental 272:277 arg1 caries 279:284 dental caries 272:284 dental caries in a pair of monozygotic twin girls with DS, where one had caries experience and the other did not 272:383 The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with dental caries in a pair of monozygotic twin girls with DS, where one had caries experience and the other did not. 27922732 4 41 theme fluoride 765:772 arg1 saliva 706:711 saliva 706:711 saliva 706:711 Twin with caries experience showed higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride and higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm compared to her sister. 27922732 4 41 theme fluoride 765:772 arg1 concentrations 723:736 lower concentrations 717:736 lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride 717:772 Twin with caries experience showed higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride and higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm compared to her sister. 27922732 3 42 theme consumption 564:574 arg1 levels 450:455 salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels 408:455 salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels 408:455 Clinical examination, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels and their genotypic diversity, the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm, the frequency of sucrose consumption, and toothbrushing habits were assessed from the twin girls. 27922732 3 42 theme consumption 564:574 arg1 frequency 543:551 the frequency 539:551 the frequency of sucrose consumption 539:574 Clinical examination, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels and their genotypic diversity, the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm, the frequency of sucrose consumption, and toothbrushing habits were assessed from the twin girls. 27922732 3 42 theme consumption 564:574 arg1 composition 504:514 the biochemical composition 488:514 the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm 488:536 Clinical examination, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels and their genotypic diversity, the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm, the frequency of sucrose consumption, and toothbrushing habits were assessed from the twin girls. 27922732 3 42 theme consumption 564:574 arg1 habits 595:600 toothbrushing habits 581:600 toothbrushing habits 581:600 Clinical examination, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels and their genotypic diversity, the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm, the frequency of sucrose consumption, and toothbrushing habits were assessed from the twin girls. 27922732 3 42 theme consumption 564:574 arg1 examination 395:405 Clinical examination 386:405 Clinical examination 386:405 Clinical examination, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels and their genotypic diversity, the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm, the frequency of sucrose consumption, and toothbrushing habits were assessed from the twin girls. 27922732 3 42 theme consumption 564:574 arg1 diversity 477:485 their genotypic diversity 461:485 their genotypic diversity 461:485 Clinical examination, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels and their genotypic diversity, the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm, the frequency of sucrose consumption, and toothbrushing habits were assessed from the twin girls. 27922732 3 43 theme salivary 408:415 arg1 levels 450:455 salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels 408:455 salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels 408:455 Clinical examination, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels and their genotypic diversity, the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm, the frequency of sucrose consumption, and toothbrushing habits were assessed from the twin girls. 27922732 6 44 theme cariogenicity 1013:1025 arg1 patterns 1001:1008 different patterns 991:1008 different patterns of cariogenicity between the two sisters, which may also by itself explain the difference in the dental caries between them 991:1132 Dental biofilm composition showed different patterns of cariogenicity between the two sisters, which may also by itself explain the difference in the dental caries between them. 27922732 4 45 theme higher 778:783 arg1 concentrations 785:798 higher concentrations 778:798 higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides 778:831 Twin with caries experience showed higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride and higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm compared to her sister. 27922732 3 46 theme dental 523:528 arg1 biofilm 530:536 the dental biofilm 519:536 the dental biofilm 519:536 Clinical examination, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels and their genotypic diversity, the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm, the frequency of sucrose consumption, and toothbrushing habits were assessed from the twin girls. 27922732 6 47 theme different 991:999 arg1 patterns 1001:1008 different patterns 991:1008 different patterns of cariogenicity between the two sisters, which may also by itself explain the difference in the dental caries between them 991:1132 Dental biofilm composition showed different patterns of cariogenicity between the two sisters, which may also by itself explain the difference in the dental caries between them. 27922732 1 48 theme monozygotic 168:178 arg1 twins 180:184 monozygotic twins 168:184 monozygotic twins 168:184 Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder in humans, but its incidence in monozygotic twins is extremely rare. 27922732 3 49 theme sucrose 556:562 arg1 consumption 564:574 sucrose consumption 556:574 sucrose consumption 556:574 Clinical examination, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels and their genotypic diversity, the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm, the frequency of sucrose consumption, and toothbrushing habits were assessed from the twin girls. 27922732 4 50 theme mutans 692:697 arg1 levels 679:684 higher levels 672:684 higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride 672:772 Twin with caries experience showed higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride and higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm compared to her sister. 27922732 4 50 theme mutans 692:697 arg1 concentrations 785:798 higher concentrations 778:798 higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides 778:831 Twin with caries experience showed higher levels of S. mutans in the saliva and lower concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride and higher concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm compared to her sister. 27922732 0 51 with twins 40:44 arg1 syndrome 56:63 Down syndrome 51:63 Down syndrome 51:63 Dental caries and associated factors in twins with Down syndrome: a case report. 27922732 6 52 theme Dental 957:962 arg1 composition 972:982 Dental biofilm composition 957:982 Dental biofilm composition 957:982 Dental biofilm composition showed different patterns of cariogenicity between the two sisters, which may also by itself explain the difference in the dental caries between them. 27922732 0 53 theme Down 51:54 arg1 syndrome 56:63 Down syndrome 51:63 Down syndrome 51:63 Dental caries and associated factors in twins with Down syndrome: a case report. 27922732 5 54 theme mutans 898:903 arg1 diversity 882:890 Genotypic diversity 872:890 Genotypic diversity of S. mutans 872:903 Genotypic diversity of S. mutans was also higher in the twin with caries experience. 27922732 3 55 theme mutans 431:436 arg1 levels 450:455 salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels 408:455 salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels 408:455 Clinical examination, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels and their genotypic diversity, the biochemical composition of the dental biofilm, the frequency of sucrose consumption, and toothbrushing habits were assessed from the twin girls. 27367967 8 0 from use 1518:1520 arg1 varieties 1557:1565 red grape varieties 1547:1565 red grape varieties 1547:1565 To our knowledge, this is the first time that this yeasts association has been evaluated at the winery scale indicating the potential use of this mixed culture in red grape varieties. 27367967 4 1 theme scale-up 732:739 arg1 fermentation 741:752 scale-up fermentation 732:752 scale-up fermentation 732:752 The scale-up fermentation and substrate composition (i.e., white or red musts) influenced the analytical composition of the mixed fermentation. 27367967 4 1 theme scale-up 732:739 arg1 musts 800:804 white or red musts 787:804 white or red musts 787:804 The scale-up fermentation and substrate composition (i.e., white or red musts) influenced the analytical composition of the mixed fermentation. 27367967 6 2 theme florentina 1110:1119 arg1 characteristics 1088:1102 different fermentation characteristics 1065:1102 different fermentation characteristics of Z. florentina 1065:1119 At the winery scale, different fermentation characteristics of Z. florentina were observed. 27367967 1 3 theme inocula 158:164 arg1 use 137:139 the use 133:139 the use of multi-starter inocula 133:164 Over the last few years the use of multi-starter inocula has become an attractive biotechnological practice in the search for wine with high flavour complexity or distinctive characters. 27367967 3 4 from florentina 567:576 arg1 fermentations 636:648 mixed culture fermentations 622:648 mixed culture fermentations 622:648 In the present study, we evaluated the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina (formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus) in mixed culture fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from the laboratory scale to the winery scale. 27367967 1 5 theme flavour 250:256 arg1 complexity 258:267 high flavour complexity 245:267 high flavour complexity 245:267 Over the last few years the use of multi-starter inocula has become an attractive biotechnological practice in the search for wine with high flavour complexity or distinctive characters. 27367967 5 6 theme polysaccharides 963:977 arg1 reduction 1013:1021 a reduction 1011:1021 a reduction of volatile acidity 1011:1041 At the laboratory scale, mixed fermentation with Z. florentina exhibited an enhancement of polysaccharides and 2-phenylethanol content and a reduction of volatile acidity. 27367967 5 6 theme polysaccharides 963:977 arg1 enhancement 948:958 an enhancement 945:958 an enhancement of polysaccharides and 2-phenylethanol content 945:1005 At the laboratory scale, mixed fermentation with Z. florentina exhibited an enhancement of polysaccharides and 2-phenylethanol content and a reduction of volatile acidity. 27367967 7 7 theme fermentation 1181:1192 arg1 trials 1194:1199 sequential fermentation trials 1170:1199 sequential fermentation trials 1170:1199 Using Sangiovese red grape juice, sequential fermentation trials showed a significantly higher concentration of glycerol and esters while the sensorial analysis of the resulting wines showed higher floral notes and lower perception of astringency. 27367967 7 8 theme red 1153:1155 arg1 juice 1163:1167 Sangiovese red grape juice 1142:1167 Sangiovese red grape juice 1142:1167 Using Sangiovese red grape juice, sequential fermentation trials showed a significantly higher concentration of glycerol and esters while the sensorial analysis of the resulting wines showed higher floral notes and lower perception of astringency. 27367967 4 9 dep musts 800:804 arg1 i.e. 781:784 i.e. 781:784 i.e. 781:784 The scale-up fermentation and substrate composition (i.e., white or red musts) influenced the analytical composition of the mixed fermentation. 27367967 6 10 theme winery 1051:1056 arg1 scale 1058:1062 the winery scale 1047:1062 the winery scale 1047:1062 At the winery scale, different fermentation characteristics of Z. florentina were observed. 27367967 7 11 theme sensorial 1278:1286 arg1 analysis 1288:1295 the sensorial analysis 1274:1295 the sensorial analysis of the resulting wines 1274:1318 Using Sangiovese red grape juice, sequential fermentation trials showed a significantly higher concentration of glycerol and esters while the sensorial analysis of the resulting wines showed higher floral notes and lower perception of astringency. 27367967 8 12 theme winery 1480:1485 arg1 scale 1487:1491 the winery scale 1476:1491 the winery scale indicating the potential use of this mixed culture in red grape varieties 1476:1565 To our knowledge, this is the first time that this yeasts association has been evaluated at the winery scale indicating the potential use of this mixed culture in red grape varieties. 27367967 7 13 theme sequential 1170:1179 arg1 trials 1194:1199 sequential fermentation trials 1170:1199 sequential fermentation trials 1170:1199 Using Sangiovese red grape juice, sequential fermentation trials showed a significantly higher concentration of glycerol and esters while the sensorial analysis of the resulting wines showed higher floral notes and lower perception of astringency. 27367967 8 14 theme first 1414:1418 arg1 time 1420:1423 the first time 1410:1423 the first time that this yeasts association has been evaluated at the winery scale indicating the potential use of this mixed culture in red grape varieties 1410:1565 To our knowledge, this is the first time that this yeasts association has been evaluated at the winery scale indicating the potential use of this mixed culture in red grape varieties. 27367967 8 14 theme first 1414:1418 arg1 this 1402:1405 this 1402:1405 this 1402:1405 To our knowledge, this is the first time that this yeasts association has been evaluated at the winery scale indicating the potential use of this mixed culture in red grape varieties. 27367967 5 15 theme content 999:1005 arg1 reduction 1013:1021 a reduction 1011:1021 a reduction of volatile acidity 1011:1041 At the laboratory scale, mixed fermentation with Z. florentina exhibited an enhancement of polysaccharides and 2-phenylethanol content and a reduction of volatile acidity. 27367967 5 15 theme content 999:1005 arg1 enhancement 948:958 an enhancement 945:958 an enhancement of polysaccharides and 2-phenylethanol content 945:1005 At the laboratory scale, mixed fermentation with Z. florentina exhibited an enhancement of polysaccharides and 2-phenylethanol content and a reduction of volatile acidity. 27367967 4 16 dep fermentation 741:752 arg1 The 728:730 The 728:730 The 728:730 The scale-up fermentation and substrate composition (i.e., white or red musts) influenced the analytical composition of the mixed fermentation. 27367967 7 17 theme higher 1327:1332 arg1 notes 1341:1345 higher floral notes 1327:1345 higher floral notes 1327:1345 Using Sangiovese red grape juice, sequential fermentation trials showed a significantly higher concentration of glycerol and esters while the sensorial analysis of the resulting wines showed higher floral notes and lower perception of astringency. 27367967 3 18 theme formerly 579:586 arg1 florentinus 606:616 formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus 579:616 formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus 579:616 In the present study, we evaluated the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina (formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus) in mixed culture fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from the laboratory scale to the winery scale. 27367967 3 18 theme formerly 579:586 arg1 florentina 567:576 the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina 531:576 the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina (formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus) in mixed culture fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae 531:678 In the present study, we evaluated the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina (formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus) in mixed culture fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from the laboratory scale to the winery scale. 27367967 1 19 theme distinctive 272:282 arg1 characters 284:293 distinctive characters 272:293 distinctive characters 272:293 Over the last few years the use of multi-starter inocula has become an attractive biotechnological practice in the search for wine with high flavour complexity or distinctive characters. 27367967 5 20 theme laboratory 879:888 arg1 scale 890:894 the laboratory scale 875:894 the laboratory scale 875:894 At the laboratory scale, mixed fermentation with Z. florentina exhibited an enhancement of polysaccharides and 2-phenylethanol content and a reduction of volatile acidity. 27367967 3 21 theme Zygotorulaspora 551:565 arg1 florentinus 606:616 formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus 579:616 formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus 579:616 In the present study, we evaluated the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina (formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus) in mixed culture fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from the laboratory scale to the winery scale. 27367967 3 21 theme Zygotorulaspora 551:565 arg1 florentina 567:576 the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina 531:576 the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina (formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus) in mixed culture fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae 531:678 In the present study, we evaluated the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina (formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus) in mixed culture fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from the laboratory scale to the winery scale. 27367967 4 22 theme mixed 852:856 arg1 fermentation 858:869 the mixed fermentation 848:869 the mixed fermentation 848:869 The scale-up fermentation and substrate composition (i.e., white or red musts) influenced the analytical composition of the mixed fermentation. 27367967 0 23 from scale 40:44 arg1 fermentation 17:28 mixed fermentation at winery scale 11:44 mixed fermentation at winery scale using Zygotorulaspora florentina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 11:106 Controlled mixed fermentation at winery scale using Zygotorulaspora florentina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 27367967 0 23 from scale 40:44 arg1 at 30:31 mixed fermentation at winery scale 11:44 mixed fermentation at winery scale using Zygotorulaspora florentina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 11:106 Controlled mixed fermentation at winery scale using Zygotorulaspora florentina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 27367967 0 23 from scale 40:44 arg1 winery 33:38 mixed fermentation at winery scale 11:44 mixed fermentation at winery scale using Zygotorulaspora florentina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 11:106 Controlled mixed fermentation at winery scale using Zygotorulaspora florentina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 27367967 7 24 theme Sangiovese 1142:1151 arg1 juice 1163:1167 Sangiovese red grape juice 1142:1167 Sangiovese red grape juice 1142:1167 Using Sangiovese red grape juice, sequential fermentation trials showed a significantly higher concentration of glycerol and esters while the sensorial analysis of the resulting wines showed higher floral notes and lower perception of astringency. 27367967 6 25 theme fermentation 1075:1086 arg1 characteristics 1088:1102 different fermentation characteristics 1065:1102 different fermentation characteristics of Z. florentina 1065:1119 At the winery scale, different fermentation characteristics of Z. florentina were observed. 27367967 8 26 theme mixed 1530:1534 arg1 culture 1536:1542 this mixed culture 1525:1542 this mixed culture 1525:1542 To our knowledge, this is the first time that this yeasts association has been evaluated at the winery scale indicating the potential use of this mixed culture in red grape varieties. 27367967 0 27 theme mixed 11:15 arg1 scale 40:44 mixed fermentation at winery scale 11:44 mixed fermentation at winery scale using Zygotorulaspora florentina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 11:106 Controlled mixed fermentation at winery scale using Zygotorulaspora florentina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 27367967 3 28 theme strain 544:549 arg1 florentinus 606:616 formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus 579:616 formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus 579:616 In the present study, we evaluated the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina (formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus) in mixed culture fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from the laboratory scale to the winery scale. 27367967 3 28 theme strain 544:549 arg1 florentina 567:576 the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina 531:576 the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina (formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus) in mixed culture fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae 531:678 In the present study, we evaluated the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina (formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus) in mixed culture fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from the laboratory scale to the winery scale. 27367967 7 29 theme astringency 1371:1381 arg1 notes 1341:1345 higher floral notes 1327:1345 higher floral notes 1327:1345 Using Sangiovese red grape juice, sequential fermentation trials showed a significantly higher concentration of glycerol and esters while the sensorial analysis of the resulting wines showed higher floral notes and lower perception of astringency. 27367967 7 29 theme astringency 1371:1381 arg1 perception 1357:1366 lower perception 1351:1366 lower perception of astringency 1351:1381 Using Sangiovese red grape juice, sequential fermentation trials showed a significantly higher concentration of glycerol and esters while the sensorial analysis of the resulting wines showed higher floral notes and lower perception of astringency. 27367967 4 30 theme white 787:791 arg1 fermentation 741:752 scale-up fermentation 732:752 scale-up fermentation 732:752 The scale-up fermentation and substrate composition (i.e., white or red musts) influenced the analytical composition of the mixed fermentation. 27367967 4 30 theme white 787:791 arg1 musts 800:804 white or red musts 787:804 white or red musts 787:804 The scale-up fermentation and substrate composition (i.e., white or red musts) influenced the analytical composition of the mixed fermentation. 27367967 7 31 theme lower 1351:1355 arg1 perception 1357:1366 lower perception 1351:1366 lower perception of astringency 1351:1381 Using Sangiovese red grape juice, sequential fermentation trials showed a significantly higher concentration of glycerol and esters while the sensorial analysis of the resulting wines showed higher floral notes and lower perception of astringency. 27367967 1 32 theme attractive 180:189 arg1 practice 208:215 an attractive biotechnological practice 177:215 an attractive biotechnological practice in the search for wine with high flavour complexity or distinctive characters 177:293 Over the last few years the use of multi-starter inocula has become an attractive biotechnological practice in the search for wine with high flavour complexity or distinctive characters. 27367967 7 33 theme esters 1261:1266 arg1 concentration 1231:1243 a significantly higher concentration 1208:1243 a significantly higher concentration of glycerol and esters 1208:1266 Using Sangiovese red grape juice, sequential fermentation trials showed a significantly higher concentration of glycerol and esters while the sensorial analysis of the resulting wines showed higher floral notes and lower perception of astringency. 27367967 7 34 theme grape 1157:1161 arg1 juice 1163:1167 Sangiovese red grape juice 1142:1167 Sangiovese red grape juice 1142:1167 Using Sangiovese red grape juice, sequential fermentation trials showed a significantly higher concentration of glycerol and esters while the sensorial analysis of the resulting wines showed higher floral notes and lower perception of astringency. 27367967 5 35 theme mixed 897:901 arg1 fermentation 903:914 mixed fermentation 897:914 mixed fermentation with Z. florentina 897:933 At the laboratory scale, mixed fermentation with Z. florentina exhibited an enhancement of polysaccharides and 2-phenylethanol content and a reduction of volatile acidity. 27367967 2 36 theme strains 406:412 arg1 features 365:372 the particular oenological features 338:372 the particular oenological features of some non-Saccharomyces yeast strains 338:412 This has been possible through exploiting the particular oenological features of some non-Saccharomyces yeast strains, and the effects that derive from their specific interactions with Saccharomyces. 27367967 2 36 theme strains 406:412 arg1 effects 423:429 the effects 419:429 the effects that derive from their specific interactions with Saccharomyces 419:493 This has been possible through exploiting the particular oenological features of some non-Saccharomyces yeast strains, and the effects that derive from their specific interactions with Saccharomyces. 27367967 2 37 theme specific 454:461 arg1 interactions 463:474 their specific interactions 448:474 their specific interactions with Saccharomyces 448:493 This has been possible through exploiting the particular oenological features of some non-Saccharomyces yeast strains, and the effects that derive from their specific interactions with Saccharomyces. 27367967 5 38 theme 2-phenylethanol 983:997 arg1 content 999:1005 2-phenylethanol content 983:1005 2-phenylethanol content 983:1005 At the laboratory scale, mixed fermentation with Z. florentina exhibited an enhancement of polysaccharides and 2-phenylethanol content and a reduction of volatile acidity. 27367967 3 39 theme Zygosaccharomyces 588:604 arg1 florentinus 606:616 formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus 579:616 formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus 579:616 In the present study, we evaluated the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina (formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus) in mixed culture fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from the laboratory scale to the winery scale. 27367967 3 39 theme Zygosaccharomyces 588:604 arg1 florentina 567:576 the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina 531:576 the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina (formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus) in mixed culture fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae 531:678 In the present study, we evaluated the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina (formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus) in mixed culture fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from the laboratory scale to the winery scale. 27367967 0 40 theme fermentation 17:28 arg1 scale 40:44 mixed fermentation at winery scale 11:44 mixed fermentation at winery scale using Zygotorulaspora florentina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 11:106 Controlled mixed fermentation at winery scale using Zygotorulaspora florentina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 27367967 1 41 with search 224:229 arg1 complexity 258:267 high flavour complexity 245:267 high flavour complexity 245:267 Over the last few years the use of multi-starter inocula has become an attractive biotechnological practice in the search for wine with high flavour complexity or distinctive characters. 27367967 1 41 with search 224:229 arg1 characters 284:293 distinctive characters 272:293 distinctive characters 272:293 Over the last few years the use of multi-starter inocula has become an attractive biotechnological practice in the search for wine with high flavour complexity or distinctive characters. 27367967 3 42 theme scale 701:705 arg1 laboratory 690:699 the laboratory 686:699 the laboratory scale to the winery scale 686:725 In the present study, we evaluated the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina (formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus) in mixed culture fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from the laboratory scale to the winery scale. 27367967 1 43 theme last 118:121 arg1 years 127:131 the last few years 114:131 the last few years 114:131 Over the last few years the use of multi-starter inocula has become an attractive biotechnological practice in the search for wine with high flavour complexity or distinctive characters. 27367967 3 44 theme selected 535:542 arg1 florentinus 606:616 formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus 579:616 formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus 579:616 In the present study, we evaluated the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina (formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus) in mixed culture fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from the laboratory scale to the winery scale. 27367967 3 44 theme selected 535:542 arg1 florentina 567:576 the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina 531:576 the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina (formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus) in mixed culture fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae 531:678 In the present study, we evaluated the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina (formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus) in mixed culture fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from the laboratory scale to the winery scale. 27367967 7 45 theme higher 1224:1229 arg1 concentration 1231:1243 a significantly higher concentration 1208:1243 a significantly higher concentration of glycerol and esters 1208:1266 Using Sangiovese red grape juice, sequential fermentation trials showed a significantly higher concentration of glycerol and esters while the sensorial analysis of the resulting wines showed higher floral notes and lower perception of astringency. 27367967 4 46 theme substrate 758:766 arg1 composition 768:778 substrate composition 758:778 substrate composition 758:778 The scale-up fermentation and substrate composition (i.e., white or red musts) influenced the analytical composition of the mixed fermentation. 27367967 7 47 theme floral 1334:1339 arg1 notes 1341:1345 higher floral notes 1327:1345 higher floral notes 1327:1345 Using Sangiovese red grape juice, sequential fermentation trials showed a significantly higher concentration of glycerol and esters while the sensorial analysis of the resulting wines showed higher floral notes and lower perception of astringency. 27367967 4 48 theme fermentation 858:869 arg1 composition 833:843 the analytical composition 818:843 the analytical composition of the mixed fermentation 818:869 The scale-up fermentation and substrate composition (i.e., white or red musts) influenced the analytical composition of the mixed fermentation. 27367967 1 49 theme biotechnological 191:206 arg1 practice 208:215 an attractive biotechnological practice 177:215 an attractive biotechnological practice in the search for wine with high flavour complexity or distinctive characters 177:293 Over the last few years the use of multi-starter inocula has become an attractive biotechnological practice in the search for wine with high flavour complexity or distinctive characters. 27367967 6 50 theme Z. 1107:1108 arg1 florentina 1110:1119 Z. florentina 1107:1119 Z. florentina 1107:1119 At the winery scale, different fermentation characteristics of Z. florentina were observed. 27367967 0 51 theme winery 33:38 arg1 scale 40:44 mixed fermentation at winery scale 11:44 mixed fermentation at winery scale using Zygotorulaspora florentina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 11:106 Controlled mixed fermentation at winery scale using Zygotorulaspora florentina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 27367967 8 52 dep time 1420:1423 arg1 evaluated 1463:1471 evaluated 1463:1471 has been evaluated at the winery scale indicating the potential use of this mixed culture in red grape varieties 1454:1565 To our knowledge, this is the first time that this yeasts association has been evaluated at the winery scale indicating the potential use of this mixed culture in red grape varieties. 27367967 3 53 with florentina 567:576 arg1 cerevisiae 669:678 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 655:678 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 655:678 In the present study, we evaluated the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina (formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus) in mixed culture fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from the laboratory scale to the winery scale. 27367967 0 54 theme at 30:31 arg1 scale 40:44 mixed fermentation at winery scale 11:44 mixed fermentation at winery scale using Zygotorulaspora florentina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 11:106 Controlled mixed fermentation at winery scale using Zygotorulaspora florentina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 27367967 8 55 theme yeasts 1435:1440 arg1 association 1442:1452 this yeasts association 1430:1452 this yeasts association 1430:1452 To our knowledge, this is the first time that this yeasts association has been evaluated at the winery scale indicating the potential use of this mixed culture in red grape varieties. 27367967 5 56 theme acidity 1035:1041 arg1 reduction 1013:1021 a reduction 1011:1021 a reduction of volatile acidity 1011:1041 At the laboratory scale, mixed fermentation with Z. florentina exhibited an enhancement of polysaccharides and 2-phenylethanol content and a reduction of volatile acidity. 27367967 5 56 theme acidity 1035:1041 arg1 enhancement 948:958 an enhancement 945:958 an enhancement of polysaccharides and 2-phenylethanol content 945:1005 At the laboratory scale, mixed fermentation with Z. florentina exhibited an enhancement of polysaccharides and 2-phenylethanol content and a reduction of volatile acidity. 27367967 3 57 theme mixed 622:626 arg1 fermentations 636:648 mixed culture fermentations 622:648 mixed culture fermentations 622:648 In the present study, we evaluated the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina (formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus) in mixed culture fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from the laboratory scale to the winery scale. 27367967 6 58 located observed 1126:1133 arg2 characteristics 1088:1102 different fermentation characteristics 1065:1102 different fermentation characteristics of Z. florentina 1065:1119 At the winery scale, different fermentation characteristics of Z. florentina were observed. 27367967 6 58 located observed 1126:1133 arg1 scale 1058:1062 the winery scale 1047:1062 the winery scale 1047:1062 At the winery scale, different fermentation characteristics of Z. florentina were observed. 27367967 1 59 theme few 123:125 arg1 years 127:131 the last few years 114:131 the last few years 114:131 Over the last few years the use of multi-starter inocula has become an attractive biotechnological practice in the search for wine with high flavour complexity or distinctive characters. 27367967 8 60 theme culture 1536:1542 arg1 use 1518:1520 the potential use 1504:1520 the potential use of this mixed culture in red grape varieties 1504:1565 To our knowledge, this is the first time that this yeasts association has been evaluated at the winery scale indicating the potential use of this mixed culture in red grape varieties. 27367967 3 61 theme culture 628:634 arg1 fermentations 636:648 mixed culture fermentations 622:648 mixed culture fermentations 622:648 In the present study, we evaluated the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina (formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus) in mixed culture fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from the laboratory scale to the winery scale. 27367967 1 62 from practice 208:215 arg1 search 224:229 the search 220:229 the search for wine with high flavour complexity or distinctive characters 220:293 Over the last few years the use of multi-starter inocula has become an attractive biotechnological practice in the search for wine with high flavour complexity or distinctive characters. 27367967 2 63 theme oenological 353:363 arg1 features 365:372 the particular oenological features 338:372 the particular oenological features of some non-Saccharomyces yeast strains 338:412 This has been possible through exploiting the particular oenological features of some non-Saccharomyces yeast strains, and the effects that derive from their specific interactions with Saccharomyces. 27367967 8 64 theme potential 1508:1516 arg1 use 1518:1520 the potential use 1504:1520 the potential use of this mixed culture in red grape varieties 1504:1565 To our knowledge, this is the first time that this yeasts association has been evaluated at the winery scale indicating the potential use of this mixed culture in red grape varieties. 27367967 5 65 theme Z. 921:922 arg1 florentina 924:933 Z. florentina 921:933 Z. florentina 921:933 At the laboratory scale, mixed fermentation with Z. florentina exhibited an enhancement of polysaccharides and 2-phenylethanol content and a reduction of volatile acidity. 27367967 2 66 with interactions 463:474 arg1 Saccharomyces 481:493 Saccharomyces 481:493 Saccharomyces 481:493 This has been possible through exploiting the particular oenological features of some non-Saccharomyces yeast strains, and the effects that derive from their specific interactions with Saccharomyces. 27367967 2 67 theme particular 342:351 arg1 features 365:372 the particular oenological features 338:372 the particular oenological features of some non-Saccharomyces yeast strains 338:412 This has been possible through exploiting the particular oenological features of some non-Saccharomyces yeast strains, and the effects that derive from their specific interactions with Saccharomyces. 27367967 4 68 theme red 796:798 arg1 fermentation 741:752 scale-up fermentation 732:752 scale-up fermentation 732:752 The scale-up fermentation and substrate composition (i.e., white or red musts) influenced the analytical composition of the mixed fermentation. 27367967 4 68 theme red 796:798 arg1 musts 800:804 white or red musts 787:804 white or red musts 787:804 The scale-up fermentation and substrate composition (i.e., white or red musts) influenced the analytical composition of the mixed fermentation. 27367967 5 69 with fermentation 903:914 arg1 florentina 924:933 Z. florentina 921:933 Z. florentina 921:933 At the laboratory scale, mixed fermentation with Z. florentina exhibited an enhancement of polysaccharides and 2-phenylethanol content and a reduction of volatile acidity. 27367967 8 70 theme red 1547:1549 arg1 varieties 1557:1565 red grape varieties 1547:1565 red grape varieties 1547:1565 To our knowledge, this is the first time that this yeasts association has been evaluated at the winery scale indicating the potential use of this mixed culture in red grape varieties. 27367967 4 71 theme analytical 822:831 arg1 composition 833:843 the analytical composition 818:843 the analytical composition of the mixed fermentation 818:869 The scale-up fermentation and substrate composition (i.e., white or red musts) influenced the analytical composition of the mixed fermentation. 27367967 8 72 theme grape 1551:1555 arg1 varieties 1557:1565 red grape varieties 1547:1565 red grape varieties 1547:1565 To our knowledge, this is the first time that this yeasts association has been evaluated at the winery scale indicating the potential use of this mixed culture in red grape varieties. 27367967 1 73 theme multi-starter 144:156 arg1 inocula 158:164 multi-starter inocula 144:164 multi-starter inocula 144:164 Over the last few years the use of multi-starter inocula has become an attractive biotechnological practice in the search for wine with high flavour complexity or distinctive characters. 27367967 3 74 theme present 503:509 arg1 study 511:515 the present study 499:515 the present study 499:515 In the present study, we evaluated the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina (formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus) in mixed culture fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from the laboratory scale to the winery scale. 27367967 7 75 theme resulting 1304:1312 arg1 wines 1314:1318 the resulting wines 1300:1318 the resulting wines 1300:1318 Using Sangiovese red grape juice, sequential fermentation trials showed a significantly higher concentration of glycerol and esters while the sensorial analysis of the resulting wines showed higher floral notes and lower perception of astringency. 27367967 3 76 theme winery 714:719 arg1 scale 721:725 the winery scale 710:725 the winery scale 710:725 In the present study, we evaluated the selected strain Zygotorulaspora florentina (formerly Zygosaccharomyces florentinus) in mixed culture fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from the laboratory scale to the winery scale. 27367967 2 77 theme yeast 400:404 arg1 strains 406:412 some non-Saccharomyces yeast strains 377:412 some non-Saccharomyces yeast strains 377:412 This has been possible through exploiting the particular oenological features of some non-Saccharomyces yeast strains, and the effects that derive from their specific interactions with Saccharomyces. 27367967 6 78 theme different 1065:1073 arg1 characteristics 1088:1102 different fermentation characteristics 1065:1102 different fermentation characteristics of Z. florentina 1065:1119 At the winery scale, different fermentation characteristics of Z. florentina were observed. 27367967 7 79 theme wines 1314:1318 arg1 analysis 1288:1295 the sensorial analysis 1274:1295 the sensorial analysis of the resulting wines 1274:1318 Using Sangiovese red grape juice, sequential fermentation trials showed a significantly higher concentration of glycerol and esters while the sensorial analysis of the resulting wines showed higher floral notes and lower perception of astringency. 27367967 5 80 theme volatile 1026:1033 arg1 acidity 1035:1041 volatile acidity 1026:1041 volatile acidity 1026:1041 At the laboratory scale, mixed fermentation with Z. florentina exhibited an enhancement of polysaccharides and 2-phenylethanol content and a reduction of volatile acidity. 27367967 7 81 theme glycerol 1248:1255 arg1 concentration 1231:1243 a significantly higher concentration 1208:1243 a significantly higher concentration of glycerol and esters 1208:1266 Using Sangiovese red grape juice, sequential fermentation trials showed a significantly higher concentration of glycerol and esters while the sensorial analysis of the resulting wines showed higher floral notes and lower perception of astringency. 27367967 2 82 theme non-Saccharomyces 382:398 arg1 strains 406:412 some non-Saccharomyces yeast strains 377:412 some non-Saccharomyces yeast strains 377:412 This has been possible through exploiting the particular oenological features of some non-Saccharomyces yeast strains, and the effects that derive from their specific interactions with Saccharomyces. 27367967 1 83 theme high 245:248 arg1 complexity 258:267 high flavour complexity 245:267 high flavour complexity 245:267 Over the last few years the use of multi-starter inocula has become an attractive biotechnological practice in the search for wine with high flavour complexity or distinctive characters. 28322146 9 0 theme broad 1422:1426 arg1 spectrum 1428:1435 a broad spectrum 1420:1435 a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against 7 tested pathogenic bacterial strains 1420:1507 All 4 species showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against 7 tested pathogenic bacterial strains. 28322146 4 1 theme composition 605:615 arg1 analysis 617:624 Chemical composition analysis 596:624 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples 596:644 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 3 2 theme species 548:554 arg1 mycelia 529:535 mycelia 529:535 mycelia of all the species 529:554 The fatty acid profiles of mycelia of all the species were analysed using gas chromatography. 28322146 5 3 from calcium 837:843 arg1 mycelia 857:863 mycelia 857:863 mycelia 857:863 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 6 4 dep 43.12 1073:1077 arg1 to 1070:1071 to 1070:1071 to 1070:1071 The amount of β-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. 28322146 7 5 theme ≤ 1209:1209 arg1 P 1207:1207 P ≤ 0.05 1207:1214 P ≤ 0.05 1207:1214 All tested species showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) antioxidant activities measured based on half-maximal effective concentrations. 28322146 4 6 theme % 765:765 arg1 % 780:780 0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0% 755:780 0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0% 755:780 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 4 6 theme % 765:765 arg1 fibers 747:752 crude fibers 741:752 crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%) 741:781 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 6 7 theme μg/100 991:996 arg1 g 998:998 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g 978:998 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g; lycopene 978:1008 The amount of β-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. 28322146 5 8 from amounts 826:832 arg1 mycelia 857:863 mycelia 857:863 mycelia 857:863 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 9 9 theme activity 1454:1461 arg1 spectrum 1428:1435 a broad spectrum 1420:1435 a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against 7 tested pathogenic bacterial strains 1420:1507 All 4 species showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against 7 tested pathogenic bacterial strains. 28322146 7 10 dep significant 1194:1204 arg1 P 1207:1207 P ≤ 0.05 1207:1214 P ≤ 0.05 1207:1214 All tested species showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) antioxidant activities measured based on half-maximal effective concentrations. 28322146 3 11 theme gas 576:578 arg1 chromatography 580:593 gas chromatography 576:593 gas chromatography 576:593 The fatty acid profiles of mycelia of all the species were analysed using gas chromatography. 28322146 5 12 from mycelia 857:863 arg1 calcium 837:843 calcium 837:843 calcium 837:843 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 5 12 from mycelia 857:863 arg1 amounts 826:832 The amounts 822:832 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia 822:863 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 5 12 from mycelia 857:863 arg1 higher 884:889 higher 884:889 higher 884:889 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 5 12 from mycelia 857:863 arg1 iron 849:852 iron 849:852 iron 849:852 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 1 13 theme fungi 201:205 arg1 mycelia 171:177 Cultured mycelia 162:177 Cultured mycelia of 4 clavicipitaceous fungi belonging to 2 genera, Cordyceps (C. gracilis, C. cicadae, C. sinclairii) and Metacordyceps (M. dhauladharensis), 162:319 Cultured mycelia of 4 clavicipitaceous fungi belonging to 2 genera, Cordyceps (C. gracilis, C. cicadae, C. sinclairii) and Metacordyceps (M. dhauladharensis), were analyzed for their chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 28322146 4 14 theme ± 798:798 arg1 ash 788:790 ash 788:790 ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%) 788:819 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 4 14 theme ± 798:798 arg1 % 818:818 0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0% 793:818 0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0% 793:818 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 5 15 from iron 849:852 arg1 mycelia 857:863 mycelia 857:863 mycelia 857:863 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 9 16 theme pathogenic 1480:1489 arg1 strains 1501:1507 7 tested pathogenic bacterial strains 1471:1507 7 tested pathogenic bacterial strains 1471:1507 All 4 species showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against 7 tested pathogenic bacterial strains. 28322146 1 17 theme antioxidant 370:380 arg1 activities 400:409 antioxidant and antibacterial activities 370:409 activities 400:409 Cultured mycelia of 4 clavicipitaceous fungi belonging to 2 genera, Cordyceps (C. gracilis, C. cicadae, C. sinclairii) and Metacordyceps (M. dhauladharensis), were analyzed for their chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 28322146 1 18 dep Cordyceps 230:238 arg1 dhauladharensis 303:317 dhauladharensis 303:317 dhauladharensis 303:317 Cultured mycelia of 4 clavicipitaceous fungi belonging to 2 genera, Cordyceps (C. gracilis, C. cicadae, C. sinclairii) and Metacordyceps (M. dhauladharensis), were analyzed for their chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 28322146 1 18 dep Cordyceps 230:238 arg1 gracilis 244:251 C. gracilis 241:251 C. gracilis 241:251 Cultured mycelia of 4 clavicipitaceous fungi belonging to 2 genera, Cordyceps (C. gracilis, C. cicadae, C. sinclairii) and Metacordyceps (M. dhauladharensis), were analyzed for their chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 28322146 1 18 dep Cordyceps 230:238 arg1 cicadae 257:263 C. cicadae 254:263 C. cicadae, C. sinclairii) 254:279 Cultured mycelia of 4 clavicipitaceous fungi belonging to 2 genera, Cordyceps (C. gracilis, C. cicadae, C. sinclairii) and Metacordyceps (M. dhauladharensis), were analyzed for their chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 28322146 1 19 theme antibacterial 386:398 arg1 activities 400:409 antioxidant and antibacterial activities 370:409 activities 400:409 Cultured mycelia of 4 clavicipitaceous fungi belonging to 2 genera, Cordyceps (C. gracilis, C. cicadae, C. sinclairii) and Metacordyceps (M. dhauladharensis), were analyzed for their chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 28322146 1 20 dep cicadae 257:263 arg1 sinclairii 269:278 C. sinclairii 266:278 C. sinclairii 266:278 Cultured mycelia of 4 clavicipitaceous fungi belonging to 2 genera, Cordyceps (C. gracilis, C. cicadae, C. sinclairii) and Metacordyceps (M. dhauladharensis), were analyzed for their chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 28322146 6 21 theme mg/100 1079:1084 arg1 g 1086:1086 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g 1064:1086 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g 1064:1086 The amount of β-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. 28322146 6 22 dep 0.57 1024:1027 arg1 to 1021:1022 to 1021:1022 to 1021:1022 The amount of β-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. 28322146 0 23 theme Cultured 69:76 arg1 Mycelia 78:84 Cultured Mycelia 69:84 Cultured Mycelia of Four Clavicipitaceous Mushrooms (Ascomycetes) from the Indian Himalayas 69:159 Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Cultured Mycelia of Four Clavicipitaceous Mushrooms (Ascomycetes) from the Indian Himalayas. 28322146 8 24 contain possessed 1308:1316 arg1 cicadae 1300:1306 C. cicadae 1297:1306 C. cicadae 1297:1306 C. cicadae possessed the lowest half-maximal effective concentration compared with the other species. 28322146 8 24 contain possessed 1308:1316 arg2 concentration 1352:1364 the lowest half-maximal effective concentration 1318:1364 the lowest half-maximal effective concentration 1318:1364 C. cicadae possessed the lowest half-maximal effective concentration compared with the other species. 28322146 6 25 dep 126 1118:1120 arg1 to 1115:1116 to 1115:1116 to 1115:1116 The amount of β-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. 28322146 0 26 theme Clavicipitaceous 94:109 arg1 Mushrooms 111:119 Four Clavicipitaceous Mushrooms 89:119 Four Clavicipitaceous Mushrooms (Ascomycetes) from the Indian Himalayas 89:159 Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Cultured Mycelia of Four Clavicipitaceous Mushrooms (Ascomycetes) from the Indian Himalayas. 28322146 0 26 theme Clavicipitaceous 94:109 arg1 Ascomycetes 122:132 Ascomycetes 122:132 Ascomycetes 122:132 Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Cultured Mycelia of Four Clavicipitaceous Mushrooms (Ascomycetes) from the Indian Himalayas. 28322146 6 27 from mg/g 1122:1125 arg1 compounds 1048:1056 phenolic compounds 1039:1056 phenolic compounds 1039:1056 The amount of β-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. 28322146 6 27 from mg/g 1122:1125 arg1 polysaccharides 1089:1103 polysaccharides 1089:1103 polysaccharides 1089:1103 The amount of β-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. 28322146 6 27 from mg/g 1122:1125 arg1 flavonoids 1132:1141 flavonoids 1132:1141 flavonoids 1132:1141 The amount of β-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. 28322146 6 27 from mg/g 1122:1125 arg1 g 1036:1036 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g 1016:1036 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g 1016:1036 The amount of β-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. 28322146 4 28 theme Chemical 596:603 arg1 analysis 617:624 Chemical composition analysis 596:624 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples 596:644 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 5 29 theme manganese 930:938 arg1 manganese 930:938 manganese 930:938 manganese 930:938 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 5 29 theme manganese 930:938 arg1 magnesium 907:915 magnesium 907:915 magnesium 907:915 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 5 29 theme manganese 930:938 arg1 amounts 896:902 amounts 896:902 amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese 896:938 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 5 29 theme manganese 930:938 arg1 copper 918:923 copper 918:923 copper 918:923 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 4 30 theme ± 716:716 arg1 % 737:737 14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1% 710:737 14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1% 710:737 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 4 30 theme ± 716:716 arg1 protein 701:707 protein 701:707 protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%) 701:738 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 0 31 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 Composition 9:19 Chemical Composition 0:19 Chemical Composition 0:19 Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Cultured Mycelia of Four Clavicipitaceous Mushrooms (Ascomycetes) from the Indian Himalayas. 28322146 4 32 theme % 721:721 arg1 % 737:737 14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1% 710:737 14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1% 710:737 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 4 32 theme % 721:721 arg1 protein 701:707 protein 701:707 protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%) 701:738 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 4 33 theme ± 692:692 arg1 % 697:697 46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3% 670:697 46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3% 670:697 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 4 33 theme ± 692:692 arg1 carbohydrates 655:667 carbohydrates 655:667 carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%) 655:698 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 2 34 theme standard 484:491 arg1 methods 493:499 standard methods 484:499 standard methods 484:499 Experiments to determine these characteristics were performed following standard methods. 28322146 4 35 dep % 780:780 arg1 to 767:768 to 767:768 to 767:768 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 6 36 from g 1086:1086 arg1 compounds 1048:1056 phenolic compounds 1039:1056 phenolic compounds 1039:1056 The amount of β-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. 28322146 6 36 from g 1086:1086 arg1 polysaccharides 1089:1103 polysaccharides 1089:1103 polysaccharides 1089:1103 The amount of β-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. 28322146 6 36 from g 1086:1086 arg1 flavonoids 1132:1141 flavonoids 1132:1141 flavonoids 1132:1141 The amount of β-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. 28322146 6 36 from g 1086:1086 arg1 g 1036:1036 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g 1016:1036 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g 1016:1036 The amount of β-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. 28322146 7 37 theme effective 1271:1279 arg1 concentrations 1281:1294 half-maximal effective concentrations 1258:1294 half-maximal effective concentrations 1258:1294 All tested species showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) antioxidant activities measured based on half-maximal effective concentrations. 28322146 8 38 theme half-maximal 1329:1340 arg1 concentration 1352:1364 the lowest half-maximal effective concentration 1318:1364 the lowest half-maximal effective concentration 1318:1364 C. cicadae possessed the lowest half-maximal effective concentration compared with the other species. 28322146 4 39 theme ± 760:760 arg1 % 780:780 0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0% 755:780 0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0% 755:780 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 4 39 theme ± 760:760 arg1 fibers 747:752 crude fibers 741:752 crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%) 741:781 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 4 40 theme crude 741:745 arg1 % 780:780 0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0% 755:780 0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0% 755:780 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 4 40 theme crude 741:745 arg1 fibers 747:752 crude fibers 741:752 crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%) 741:781 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 7 41 theme antioxidant 1217:1227 arg1 activities 1229:1238 significant (P ≤ 0.05) antioxidant activities 1194:1238 significant (P ≤ 0.05) antioxidant activities measured based on half-maximal effective concentrations 1194:1294 All tested species showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) antioxidant activities measured based on half-maximal effective concentrations. 28322146 8 42 theme other 1384:1388 arg1 species 1390:1396 the other species 1380:1396 the other species 1380:1396 C. cicadae possessed the lowest half-maximal effective concentration compared with the other species. 28322146 3 43 theme acid 512:515 arg1 profiles 517:524 The fatty acid profiles 502:524 The fatty acid profiles of mycelia of all the species 502:554 The fatty acid profiles of mycelia of all the species were analysed using gas chromatography. 28322146 4 44 theme ± 775:775 arg1 % 780:780 0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0% 755:780 0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0% 755:780 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 4 44 theme ± 775:775 arg1 fibers 747:752 crude fibers 741:752 crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%) 741:781 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 0 45 from Himalayas 151:159 arg1 Mushrooms 111:119 Four Clavicipitaceous Mushrooms 89:119 Four Clavicipitaceous Mushrooms (Ascomycetes) from the Indian Himalayas 89:159 Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Cultured Mycelia of Four Clavicipitaceous Mushrooms (Ascomycetes) from the Indian Himalayas. 28322146 0 45 from Himalayas 151:159 arg1 Mycelia 78:84 Cultured Mycelia 69:84 Cultured Mycelia of Four Clavicipitaceous Mushrooms (Ascomycetes) from the Indian Himalayas 69:159 Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Cultured Mycelia of Four Clavicipitaceous Mushrooms (Ascomycetes) from the Indian Himalayas. 28322146 0 45 from Himalayas 151:159 arg1 Ascomycetes 122:132 Ascomycetes 122:132 Ascomycetes 122:132 Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Cultured Mycelia of Four Clavicipitaceous Mushrooms (Ascomycetes) from the Indian Himalayas. 28322146 7 46 theme significant 1194:1204 arg1 activities 1229:1238 significant (P ≤ 0.05) antioxidant activities 1194:1238 significant (P ≤ 0.05) antioxidant activities measured based on half-maximal effective concentrations 1194:1294 All tested species showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) antioxidant activities measured based on half-maximal effective concentrations. 28322146 9 47 theme antibacterial 1440:1452 arg1 activity 1454:1461 antibacterial activity 1440:1461 antibacterial activity against 7 tested pathogenic bacterial strains 1440:1507 All 4 species showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against 7 tested pathogenic bacterial strains. 28322146 7 48 theme tested 1172:1177 arg1 species 1179:1185 All tested species 1168:1185 All tested species 1168:1185 All tested species showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) antioxidant activities measured based on half-maximal effective concentrations. 28322146 4 49 theme ± 676:676 arg1 % 697:697 46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3% 670:697 46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3% 670:697 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 4 49 theme ± 676:676 arg1 carbohydrates 655:667 carbohydrates 655:667 carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%) 655:698 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 6 50 theme phenolic 1039:1046 arg1 compounds 1048:1056 phenolic compounds 1039:1056 phenolic compounds 1039:1056 The amount of β-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. 28322146 1 51 theme clavicipitaceous 184:199 arg1 fungi 201:205 4 clavicipitaceous fungi 182:205 4 clavicipitaceous fungi belonging to 2 genera, Cordyceps (C. gracilis, C. cicadae, C. sinclairii) and Metacordyceps (M. dhauladharensis), 182:319 Cultured mycelia of 4 clavicipitaceous fungi belonging to 2 genera, Cordyceps (C. gracilis, C. cicadae, C. sinclairii) and Metacordyceps (M. dhauladharensis), were analyzed for their chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 28322146 4 52 theme % 681:681 arg1 % 697:697 46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3% 670:697 46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3% 670:697 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 4 52 theme % 681:681 arg1 carbohydrates 655:667 carbohydrates 655:667 carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%) 655:698 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 9 53 theme tested 1473:1478 arg1 strains 1501:1507 7 tested pathogenic bacterial strains 1471:1507 7 tested pathogenic bacterial strains 1471:1507 All 4 species showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against 7 tested pathogenic bacterial strains. 28322146 6 54 dep 1.17 986:989 arg1 to 983:984 to 983:984 to 983:984 The amount of β-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. 28322146 0 55 theme Indian 144:149 arg1 Himalayas 151:159 the Indian Himalayas 140:159 the Indian Himalayas 140:159 Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Cultured Mycelia of Four Clavicipitaceous Mushrooms (Ascomycetes) from the Indian Himalayas. 28322146 5 56 theme magnesium 907:915 arg1 manganese 930:938 manganese 930:938 manganese 930:938 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 5 56 theme magnesium 907:915 arg1 magnesium 907:915 magnesium 907:915 magnesium 907:915 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 5 56 theme magnesium 907:915 arg1 amounts 896:902 amounts 896:902 amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese 896:938 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 5 56 theme magnesium 907:915 arg1 copper 918:923 copper 918:923 copper 918:923 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 4 57 dep % 737:737 arg1 to 723:724 to 723:724 to 723:724 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 9 58 theme bacterial 1491:1499 arg1 strains 1501:1507 7 tested pathogenic bacterial strains 1471:1507 7 tested pathogenic bacterial strains 1471:1507 All 4 species showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against 7 tested pathogenic bacterial strains. 28322146 0 59 from Mycelia 78:84 arg1 Himalayas 151:159 the Indian Himalayas 140:159 the Indian Himalayas 140:159 Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Cultured Mycelia of Four Clavicipitaceous Mushrooms (Ascomycetes) from the Indian Himalayas. 28322146 6 60 theme μg/100 1029:1034 arg1 g 1036:1036 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g 1016:1036 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g 1016:1036 The amount of β-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. 28322146 6 61 dep g 998:998 arg1 lycopene 1001:1008 lycopene 1001:1008 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g; lycopene 978:1008 The amount of β-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. 28322146 5 62 theme copper 918:923 arg1 manganese 930:938 manganese 930:938 manganese 930:938 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 5 62 theme copper 918:923 arg1 magnesium 907:915 magnesium 907:915 magnesium 907:915 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 5 62 theme copper 918:923 arg1 amounts 896:902 amounts 896:902 amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese 896:938 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 5 62 theme copper 918:923 arg1 copper 918:923 copper 918:923 copper 918:923 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 0 63 theme Mycelia 78:84 arg1 Activities 55:64 Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities 25:64 Activities 55:64 Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Cultured Mycelia of Four Clavicipitaceous Mushrooms (Ascomycetes) from the Indian Himalayas. 28322146 0 63 theme Mycelia 78:84 arg1 Composition 9:19 Chemical Composition 0:19 Chemical Composition 0:19 Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Cultured Mycelia of Four Clavicipitaceous Mushrooms (Ascomycetes) from the Indian Himalayas. 28322146 1 64 theme Cultured 162:169 arg1 mycelia 171:177 Cultured mycelia 162:177 Cultured mycelia of 4 clavicipitaceous fungi belonging to 2 genera, Cordyceps (C. gracilis, C. cicadae, C. sinclairii) and Metacordyceps (M. dhauladharensis), 162:319 Cultured mycelia of 4 clavicipitaceous fungi belonging to 2 genera, Cordyceps (C. gracilis, C. cicadae, C. sinclairii) and Metacordyceps (M. dhauladharensis), were analyzed for their chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 28322146 0 65 theme Mushrooms 111:119 arg1 Mycelia 78:84 Cultured Mycelia 69:84 Cultured Mycelia of Four Clavicipitaceous Mushrooms (Ascomycetes) from the Indian Himalayas 69:159 Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Cultured Mycelia of Four Clavicipitaceous Mushrooms (Ascomycetes) from the Indian Himalayas. 28322146 4 66 dep % 697:697 arg1 to 683:684 to 683:684 to 683:684 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 4 67 theme ± 813:813 arg1 ash 788:790 ash 788:790 ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%) 788:819 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 4 67 theme ± 813:813 arg1 % 818:818 0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0% 793:818 0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0% 793:818 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 8 68 theme C. 1297:1298 arg1 cicadae 1300:1306 C. cicadae 1297:1306 C. cicadae 1297:1306 C. cicadae possessed the lowest half-maximal effective concentration compared with the other species. 28322146 4 69 theme ± 732:732 arg1 % 737:737 14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1% 710:737 14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1% 710:737 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 4 69 theme ± 732:732 arg1 protein 701:707 protein 701:707 protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%) 701:738 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 1 70 theme chemical 345:352 arg1 composition 354:364 their chemical composition 339:364 their chemical composition 339:364 Cultured mycelia of 4 clavicipitaceous fungi belonging to 2 genera, Cordyceps (C. gracilis, C. cicadae, C. sinclairii) and Metacordyceps (M. dhauladharensis), were analyzed for their chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 28322146 4 71 theme % 803:803 arg1 ash 788:790 ash 788:790 ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%) 788:819 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 4 71 theme % 803:803 arg1 % 818:818 0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0% 793:818 0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0% 793:818 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 0 72 theme Antioxidant 25:35 arg1 Activities 55:64 Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities 25:64 Activities 55:64 Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Cultured Mycelia of Four Clavicipitaceous Mushrooms (Ascomycetes) from the Indian Himalayas. 28322146 6 73 dep 4.25 1157:1160 arg1 to 1154:1155 to 1154:1155 to 1154:1155 The amount of β-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. 28322146 8 74 theme lowest 1322:1327 arg1 concentration 1352:1364 the lowest half-maximal effective concentration 1318:1364 the lowest half-maximal effective concentration 1318:1364 C. cicadae possessed the lowest half-maximal effective concentration compared with the other species. 28322146 0 75 theme Antibacterial 41:53 arg1 Activities 55:64 Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities 25:64 Activities 55:64 Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Cultured Mycelia of Four Clavicipitaceous Mushrooms (Ascomycetes) from the Indian Himalayas. 28322146 5 76 theme iron 849:852 arg1 calcium 837:843 calcium 837:843 calcium 837:843 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 5 76 theme iron 849:852 arg1 amounts 826:832 The amounts 822:832 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia 822:863 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 5 76 theme iron 849:852 arg1 higher 884:889 higher 884:889 higher 884:889 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 5 76 theme iron 849:852 arg1 iron 849:852 iron 849:852 iron 849:852 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 8 77 theme effective 1342:1350 arg1 concentration 1352:1364 the lowest half-maximal effective concentration 1318:1364 the lowest half-maximal effective concentration 1318:1364 C. cicadae possessed the lowest half-maximal effective concentration compared with the other species. 28322146 6 78 theme β-carotene 955:964 arg1 amount 945:950 The amount 941:950 The amount of β-carotene 941:964 The amount of β-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. 28322146 6 78 theme β-carotene 955:964 arg1 β-carotene 955:964 β-carotene 955:964 β-carotene 955:964 The amount of β-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 μg/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 μg/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. 28322146 3 79 theme fatty 506:510 arg1 profiles 517:524 The fatty acid profiles 502:524 The fatty acid profiles of mycelia of all the species 502:554 The fatty acid profiles of mycelia of all the species were analysed using gas chromatography. 28322146 7 80 theme half-maximal 1258:1269 arg1 concentrations 1281:1294 half-maximal effective concentrations 1258:1294 half-maximal effective concentrations 1258:1294 All tested species showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) antioxidant activities measured based on half-maximal effective concentrations. 28322146 4 81 dep % 818:818 arg1 to 805:806 to 805:806 to 805:806 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 5 82 theme calcium 837:843 arg1 calcium 837:843 calcium 837:843 calcium 837:843 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 5 82 theme calcium 837:843 arg1 amounts 826:832 The amounts 822:832 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia 822:863 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 5 82 theme calcium 837:843 arg1 higher 884:889 higher 884:889 higher 884:889 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 5 82 theme calcium 837:843 arg1 iron 849:852 iron 849:852 iron 849:852 The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. 28322146 4 83 theme samples 638:644 arg1 analysis 617:624 Chemical composition analysis 596:624 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples 596:644 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 4 84 theme mycelial 629:636 arg1 samples 638:644 mycelial samples 629:644 mycelial samples 629:644 Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ± 0.7% to 63.40 ± 0.3%), protein (14.19 ± 0.2% to 26.16 ± 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ± 0.0% to 1.22 ± 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ± 0.0% to 0.98 ± 0.0%). 28322146 3 85 theme mycelia 529:535 arg1 profiles 517:524 The fatty acid profiles 502:524 The fatty acid profiles of mycelia of all the species 502:554 The fatty acid profiles of mycelia of all the species were analysed using gas chromatography. 28322146 1 86 theme C. 241:242 arg1 dhauladharensis 303:317 dhauladharensis 303:317 dhauladharensis 303:317 Cultured mycelia of 4 clavicipitaceous fungi belonging to 2 genera, Cordyceps (C. gracilis, C. cicadae, C. sinclairii) and Metacordyceps (M. dhauladharensis), were analyzed for their chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 28322146 1 86 theme C. 241:242 arg1 gracilis 244:251 C. gracilis 241:251 C. gracilis 241:251 Cultured mycelia of 4 clavicipitaceous fungi belonging to 2 genera, Cordyceps (C. gracilis, C. cicadae, C. sinclairii) and Metacordyceps (M. dhauladharensis), were analyzed for their chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 28322146 1 86 theme C. 241:242 arg1 cicadae 257:263 C. cicadae 254:263 C. cicadae, C. sinclairii) 254:279 Cultured mycelia of 4 clavicipitaceous fungi belonging to 2 genera, Cordyceps (C. gracilis, C. cicadae, C. sinclairii) and Metacordyceps (M. dhauladharensis), were analyzed for their chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 24119374 1 0 theme physicochemical 348:362 arg1 properties 364:373 physicochemical properties 348:373 physicochemical properties 348:373 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 4 1 theme compounds 964:972 arg1 decrease 880:887 a decrease 878:887 a decrease of the polysaccharides 878:910 The C-rich raw material favored the formation of oxidized organic matter (OM) during the composting process, as suggested by the variation of the ratios of the peaks intensity of FT-IR spectra, corresponding to a decrease of the polysaccharides and an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds. 24119374 4 1 theme compounds 964:972 arg1 increase 919:926 an increase 916:926 an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds 916:972 The C-rich raw material favored the formation of oxidized organic matter (OM) during the composting process, as suggested by the variation of the ratios of the peaks intensity of FT-IR spectra, corresponding to a decrease of the polysaccharides and an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds. 24119374 2 2 theme C-rich 530:535 arg1 material 541:548 C-rich raw material 530:548 C-rich raw material 530:548 To achieve these goals, seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) were composted with wheat flour (C-rich raw material). 24119374 2 2 theme C-rich 530:535 arg1 flour 523:527 wheat flour 517:527 wheat flour (C-rich raw material) 517:549 To achieve these goals, seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) were composted with wheat flour (C-rich raw material). 24119374 7 3 theme humic-like 1670:1679 arg1 acids 1681:1685 extractable stabilized humic-like acids 1647:1685 extractable stabilized humic-like acids 1647:1685 On the other hand, as long as a high percentage of bulking agent was used to promote the structure of biomass and consequently improve of the aeration conditions, low initial C/N was not a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids. 24119374 5 4 theme OM 1129:1130 arg1 accumulation 1094:1105 the accumulation 1090:1105 the accumulation 1090:1105 However, although with high proportion of C-rich raw material, mixtures with low initial C/N seems to have favored the accumulation of partially oxidized OM, which may have contributed to high electrical conductivity values in the final composts. 24119374 7 5 theme extractable 1647:1657 arg1 acids 1681:1685 extractable stabilized humic-like acids 1647:1685 extractable stabilized humic-like acids 1647:1685 On the other hand, as long as a high percentage of bulking agent was used to promote the structure of biomass and consequently improve of the aeration conditions, low initial C/N was not a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids. 24119374 3 6 theme stability 645:653 arg1 parameters 655:664 stability parameters 645:664 stability parameters 645:664 Composts were analyzed in terms of chemical functional groups, physicochemical, maturity and stability parameters. 24119374 3 6 theme stability 645:653 arg1 groups 607:612 chemical functional groups 587:612 chemical functional groups 587:612 Composts were analyzed in terms of chemical functional groups, physicochemical, maturity and stability parameters. 24119374 7 7 theme oxidation 1632:1640 arg1 factor 1619:1624 a limiting factor 1608:1624 a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids 1608:1685 On the other hand, as long as a high percentage of bulking agent was used to promote the structure of biomass and consequently improve of the aeration conditions, low initial C/N was not a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids. 24119374 7 7 theme oxidation 1632:1640 arg1 C/N 1596:1598 low initial C/N 1584:1598 low initial C/N 1584:1598 On the other hand, as long as a high percentage of bulking agent was used to promote the structure of biomass and consequently improve of the aeration conditions, low initial C/N was not a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids. 24119374 4 8 theme intensity 833:841 arg1 ratios 813:818 the ratios 809:818 the ratios of the peaks intensity of FT-IR spectra, corresponding to a decrease of the polysaccharides and an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds 809:972 The C-rich raw material favored the formation of oxidized organic matter (OM) during the composting process, as suggested by the variation of the ratios of the peaks intensity of FT-IR spectra, corresponding to a decrease of the polysaccharides and an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds. 24119374 0 9 theme humic-like 113:122 arg1 substances 124:133 humic-like substances 113:133 humic-like substances 113:133 Influence of the composition of the initial mixtures on the chemical composition, physicochemical properties and humic-like substances content of composts. 24119374 4 10 theme FT-IR 846:850 arg1 spectra 852:858 FT-IR spectra 846:858 FT-IR spectra 846:858 The C-rich raw material favored the formation of oxidized organic matter (OM) during the composting process, as suggested by the variation of the ratios of the peaks intensity of FT-IR spectra, corresponding to a decrease of the polysaccharides and an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds. 24119374 1 11 theme composts 378:385 arg1 content 336:342 humic-like substances (HS-like) content 304:342 humic-like substances (HS-like) content 304:342 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 1 11 theme composts 378:385 arg1 properties 364:373 physicochemical properties 348:373 physicochemical properties 348:373 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 1 11 theme composts 378:385 arg1 composition 291:301 the chemical functional groups composition 260:301 the chemical functional groups composition 260:301 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 1 12 theme raw 205:207 arg1 materials 209:217 N-rich raw materials 198:217 N-rich raw materials 198:217 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 4 13 theme ratios 813:818 arg1 variation 796:804 the variation 792:804 the variation of the ratios of the peaks intensity of FT-IR spectra, corresponding to a decrease of the polysaccharides and an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds 792:972 The C-rich raw material favored the formation of oxidized organic matter (OM) during the composting process, as suggested by the variation of the ratios of the peaks intensity of FT-IR spectra, corresponding to a decrease of the polysaccharides and an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds. 24119374 0 14 theme composts 146:153 arg1 composition 69:79 the chemical composition 56:79 the chemical composition 56:79 Influence of the composition of the initial mixtures on the chemical composition, physicochemical properties and humic-like substances content of composts. 24119374 0 14 theme composts 146:153 arg1 properties 98:107 physicochemical properties 82:107 physicochemical properties 82:107 Influence of the composition of the initial mixtures on the chemical composition, physicochemical properties and humic-like substances content of composts. 24119374 0 14 theme composts 146:153 arg1 substances 124:133 humic-like substances 113:133 humic-like substances 113:133 Influence of the composition of the initial mixtures on the chemical composition, physicochemical properties and humic-like substances content of composts. 24119374 7 15 theme bulking 1472:1478 arg1 agent 1480:1484 bulking agent 1472:1484 bulking agent 1472:1484 On the other hand, as long as a high percentage of bulking agent was used to promote the structure of biomass and consequently improve of the aeration conditions, low initial C/N was not a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids. 24119374 7 16 used used 1490:1493 arg2 percentage 1458:1467 a high percentage 1451:1467 a high percentage of bulking agent 1451:1484 On the other hand, as long as a high percentage of bulking agent was used to promote the structure of biomass and consequently improve of the aeration conditions, low initial C/N was not a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids. 24119374 6 17 theme HS-like 1300:1306 arg1 mixtures 1317:1324 stabilized HS-like, initial mixtures 1289:1324 stabilized HS-like, initial mixtures with high proportion of C-rich raw material but with low initial C/N 1289:1393 Therefore, although favoring the partial transformation of OM into stabilized HS-like, initial mixtures with high proportion of C-rich raw material but with low initial C/N led to unstable composts. 24119374 1 18 theme humic-like 304:313 arg1 substances 315:324 humic-like substances 304:324 humic-like substances (HS-like) content 304:342 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 7 19 theme initial 1588:1594 arg1 factor 1619:1624 a limiting factor 1608:1624 a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids 1608:1685 On the other hand, as long as a high percentage of bulking agent was used to promote the structure of biomass and consequently improve of the aeration conditions, low initial C/N was not a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids. 24119374 7 19 theme initial 1588:1594 arg1 C/N 1596:1598 low initial C/N 1584:1598 low initial C/N 1584:1598 On the other hand, as long as a high percentage of bulking agent was used to promote the structure of biomass and consequently improve of the aeration conditions, low initial C/N was not a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids. 24119374 0 20 theme chemical 60:67 arg1 composition 69:79 the chemical composition 56:79 the chemical composition 56:79 Influence of the composition of the initial mixtures on the chemical composition, physicochemical properties and humic-like substances content of composts. 24119374 2 21 theme N-rich 476:481 arg1 food 470:473 dog food 466:473 dog food (N-rich raw material) 466:495 To achieve these goals, seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) were composted with wheat flour (C-rich raw material). 24119374 2 21 theme N-rich 476:481 arg1 material 487:494 N-rich raw material 476:494 N-rich raw material 476:494 To achieve these goals, seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) were composted with wheat flour (C-rich raw material). 24119374 0 22 from Influence 0:8 arg1 composition 69:79 the chemical composition 56:79 the chemical composition 56:79 Influence of the composition of the initial mixtures on the chemical composition, physicochemical properties and humic-like substances content of composts. 24119374 0 22 from Influence 0:8 arg1 properties 98:107 physicochemical properties 82:107 physicochemical properties 82:107 Influence of the composition of the initial mixtures on the chemical composition, physicochemical properties and humic-like substances content of composts. 24119374 0 22 from Influence 0:8 arg1 substances 124:133 humic-like substances 113:133 humic-like substances 113:133 Influence of the composition of the initial mixtures on the chemical composition, physicochemical properties and humic-like substances content of composts. 24119374 5 23 theme electrical 1168:1177 arg1 values 1192:1197 high electrical conductivity values 1163:1197 high electrical conductivity values in the final composts 1163:1219 However, although with high proportion of C-rich raw material, mixtures with low initial C/N seems to have favored the accumulation of partially oxidized OM, which may have contributed to high electrical conductivity values in the final composts. 24119374 7 24 theme aeration 1563:1570 arg1 conditions 1572:1581 the aeration conditions 1559:1581 the aeration conditions 1559:1581 On the other hand, as long as a high percentage of bulking agent was used to promote the structure of biomass and consequently improve of the aeration conditions, low initial C/N was not a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids. 24119374 2 25 theme food 470:473 arg1 mixtures 439:446 seven initial mixtures 425:446 seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) 425:495 To achieve these goals, seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) were composted with wheat flour (C-rich raw material). 24119374 2 25 theme food 470:473 arg1 C1 459:460 C1 459:460 C1 459:460 To achieve these goals, seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) were composted with wheat flour (C-rich raw material). 24119374 2 25 theme food 470:473 arg1 BA1-6 449:453 BA1-6 449:453 BA1-6 449:453 To achieve these goals, seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) were composted with wheat flour (C-rich raw material). 24119374 4 26 theme oxidized 716:723 arg1 OM 741:742 OM 741:742 OM 741:742 The C-rich raw material favored the formation of oxidized organic matter (OM) during the composting process, as suggested by the variation of the ratios of the peaks intensity of FT-IR spectra, corresponding to a decrease of the polysaccharides and an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds. 24119374 4 26 theme oxidized 716:723 arg1 matter 733:738 oxidized organic matter 716:738 oxidized organic matter (OM) 716:743 The C-rich raw material favored the formation of oxidized organic matter (OM) during the composting process, as suggested by the variation of the ratios of the peaks intensity of FT-IR spectra, corresponding to a decrease of the polysaccharides and an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds. 24119374 1 27 theme bulking 243:249 arg1 agent 251:255 bulking agent 243:255 bulking agent 243:255 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 5 28 theme raw 1024:1026 arg1 material 1028:1035 C-rich raw material 1017:1035 C-rich raw material 1017:1035 However, although with high proportion of C-rich raw material, mixtures with low initial C/N seems to have favored the accumulation of partially oxidized OM, which may have contributed to high electrical conductivity values in the final composts. 24119374 6 29 with mixtures 1317:1324 arg1 C/N 1391:1393 low initial C/N 1379:1393 low initial C/N 1379:1393 Therefore, although favoring the partial transformation of OM into stabilized HS-like, initial mixtures with high proportion of C-rich raw material but with low initial C/N led to unstable composts. 24119374 6 29 with mixtures 1317:1324 arg1 proportion 1336:1345 high proportion 1331:1345 high proportion of C-rich raw material 1331:1368 Therefore, although favoring the partial transformation of OM into stabilized HS-like, initial mixtures with high proportion of C-rich raw material but with low initial C/N led to unstable composts. 24119374 4 30 theme aromatic 931:938 arg1 compounds 964:972 aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds 931:972 aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds 931:972 The C-rich raw material favored the formation of oxidized organic matter (OM) during the composting process, as suggested by the variation of the ratios of the peaks intensity of FT-IR spectra, corresponding to a decrease of the polysaccharides and an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds. 24119374 4 31 theme raw 678:680 arg1 material 682:689 The C-rich raw material 667:689 The C-rich raw material 667:689 The C-rich raw material favored the formation of oxidized organic matter (OM) during the composting process, as suggested by the variation of the ratios of the peaks intensity of FT-IR spectra, corresponding to a decrease of the polysaccharides and an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds. 24119374 6 32 theme C-rich 1350:1355 arg1 material 1361:1368 C-rich raw material 1350:1368 C-rich raw material 1350:1368 Therefore, although favoring the partial transformation of OM into stabilized HS-like, initial mixtures with high proportion of C-rich raw material but with low initial C/N led to unstable composts. 24119374 1 33 theme agent 251:255 arg1 proportion 177:186 the proportion 173:186 the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent 173:255 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 6 34 dep HS-like 1300:1306 arg1 initial 1309:1315 initial 1309:1315 initial 1309:1315 Therefore, although favoring the partial transformation of OM into stabilized HS-like, initial mixtures with high proportion of C-rich raw material but with low initial C/N led to unstable composts. 24119374 4 35 theme carboxyl-containing 944:962 arg1 compounds 964:972 aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds 931:972 aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds 931:972 The C-rich raw material favored the formation of oxidized organic matter (OM) during the composting process, as suggested by the variation of the ratios of the peaks intensity of FT-IR spectra, corresponding to a decrease of the polysaccharides and an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds. 24119374 7 36 theme biomass 1523:1529 arg1 structure 1510:1518 the structure 1506:1518 the structure of biomass 1506:1529 On the other hand, as long as a high percentage of bulking agent was used to promote the structure of biomass and consequently improve of the aeration conditions, low initial C/N was not a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids. 24119374 1 37 dep substances 315:324 arg1 HS-like 327:333 HS-like 327:333 HS-like 327:333 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 1 38 theme functional 273:282 arg1 composition 291:301 the chemical functional groups composition 260:301 the chemical functional groups composition 260:301 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 5 39 theme initial 1056:1062 arg1 C/N 1064:1066 low initial C/N 1052:1066 low initial C/N 1052:1066 However, although with high proportion of C-rich raw material, mixtures with low initial C/N seems to have favored the accumulation of partially oxidized OM, which may have contributed to high electrical conductivity values in the final composts. 24119374 4 40 theme composting 756:765 arg1 process 767:773 the composting process 752:773 the composting process 752:773 The C-rich raw material favored the formation of oxidized organic matter (OM) during the composting process, as suggested by the variation of the ratios of the peaks intensity of FT-IR spectra, corresponding to a decrease of the polysaccharides and an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds. 24119374 0 41 theme initial 36:42 arg1 mixtures 44:51 the initial mixtures 32:51 the initial mixtures 32:51 Influence of the composition of the initial mixtures on the chemical composition, physicochemical properties and humic-like substances content of composts. 24119374 4 42 theme matter 733:738 arg1 formation 703:711 the formation 699:711 the formation of oxidized organic matter (OM) 699:743 The C-rich raw material favored the formation of oxidized organic matter (OM) during the composting process, as suggested by the variation of the ratios of the peaks intensity of FT-IR spectra, corresponding to a decrease of the polysaccharides and an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds. 24119374 1 43 theme materials 209:217 arg1 proportion 177:186 the proportion 173:186 the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent 173:255 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 3 44 theme functional 596:605 arg1 maturity 632:639 maturity 632:639 maturity 632:639 Composts were analyzed in terms of chemical functional groups, physicochemical, maturity and stability parameters. 24119374 3 44 theme functional 596:605 arg1 parameters 655:664 stability parameters 645:664 stability parameters 645:664 Composts were analyzed in terms of chemical functional groups, physicochemical, maturity and stability parameters. 24119374 3 44 theme functional 596:605 arg1 physicochemical 615:629 physicochemical 615:629 physicochemical 615:629 Composts were analyzed in terms of chemical functional groups, physicochemical, maturity and stability parameters. 24119374 3 44 theme functional 596:605 arg1 groups 607:612 chemical functional groups 587:612 chemical functional groups 587:612 Composts were analyzed in terms of chemical functional groups, physicochemical, maturity and stability parameters. 24119374 6 45 theme initial 1383:1389 arg1 C/N 1391:1393 low initial C/N 1379:1393 low initial C/N 1379:1393 Therefore, although favoring the partial transformation of OM into stabilized HS-like, initial mixtures with high proportion of C-rich raw material but with low initial C/N led to unstable composts. 24119374 1 46 theme initial 220:226 arg1 C- 191:192 C- 191:192 C- 191:192 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 1 46 theme initial 220:226 arg1 ratio 232:236 initial C/N ratio 220:236 initial C/N ratio 220:236 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 2 47 theme raw 537:539 arg1 material 541:548 C-rich raw material 530:548 C-rich raw material 530:548 To achieve these goals, seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) were composted with wheat flour (C-rich raw material). 24119374 2 47 theme raw 537:539 arg1 flour 523:527 wheat flour 517:527 wheat flour (C-rich raw material) 517:549 To achieve these goals, seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) were composted with wheat flour (C-rich raw material). 24119374 7 48 theme stabilized 1659:1668 arg1 acids 1681:1685 extractable stabilized humic-like acids 1647:1685 extractable stabilized humic-like acids 1647:1685 On the other hand, as long as a high percentage of bulking agent was used to promote the structure of biomass and consequently improve of the aeration conditions, low initial C/N was not a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids. 24119374 6 49 theme material 1361:1368 arg1 proportion 1336:1345 high proportion 1331:1345 high proportion of C-rich raw material 1331:1368 Therefore, although favoring the partial transformation of OM into stabilized HS-like, initial mixtures with high proportion of C-rich raw material but with low initial C/N led to unstable composts. 24119374 5 50 theme oxidized 1120:1127 arg1 OM 1129:1130 partially oxidized OM 1110:1130 partially oxidized OM 1110:1130 However, although with high proportion of C-rich raw material, mixtures with low initial C/N seems to have favored the accumulation of partially oxidized OM, which may have contributed to high electrical conductivity values in the final composts. 24119374 7 51 theme OM 1629:1630 arg1 oxidation 1632:1640 OM oxidation 1629:1640 OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids 1629:1685 On the other hand, as long as a high percentage of bulking agent was used to promote the structure of biomass and consequently improve of the aeration conditions, low initial C/N was not a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids. 24119374 1 52 theme proportion 177:186 arg1 influence 160:168 The influence 156:168 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts 156:385 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 1 53 theme C- 191:192 arg1 proportion 177:186 the proportion 173:186 the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent 173:255 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 4 54 theme peaks 827:831 arg1 intensity 833:841 the peaks intensity 823:841 the peaks intensity 823:841 The C-rich raw material favored the formation of oxidized organic matter (OM) during the composting process, as suggested by the variation of the ratios of the peaks intensity of FT-IR spectra, corresponding to a decrease of the polysaccharides and an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds. 24119374 5 55 from values 1192:1197 arg1 composts 1212:1219 the final composts 1202:1219 the final composts 1202:1219 However, although with high proportion of C-rich raw material, mixtures with low initial C/N seems to have favored the accumulation of partially oxidized OM, which may have contributed to high electrical conductivity values in the final composts. 24119374 6 56 theme unstable 1402:1409 arg1 composts 1411:1418 unstable composts 1402:1418 unstable composts 1402:1418 Therefore, although favoring the partial transformation of OM into stabilized HS-like, initial mixtures with high proportion of C-rich raw material but with low initial C/N led to unstable composts. 24119374 1 57 theme N-rich 198:203 arg1 materials 209:217 N-rich raw materials 198:217 N-rich raw materials 198:217 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 2 58 theme raw 483:485 arg1 food 470:473 dog food 466:473 dog food (N-rich raw material) 466:495 To achieve these goals, seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) were composted with wheat flour (C-rich raw material). 24119374 2 58 theme raw 483:485 arg1 material 487:494 N-rich raw material 476:494 N-rich raw material 476:494 To achieve these goals, seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) were composted with wheat flour (C-rich raw material). 24119374 0 59 theme physicochemical 82:96 arg1 properties 98:107 physicochemical properties 82:107 physicochemical properties 82:107 Influence of the composition of the initial mixtures on the chemical composition, physicochemical properties and humic-like substances content of composts. 24119374 7 60 theme agent 1480:1484 arg1 percentage 1458:1467 a high percentage 1451:1467 a high percentage of bulking agent 1451:1484 On the other hand, as long as a high percentage of bulking agent was used to promote the structure of biomass and consequently improve of the aeration conditions, low initial C/N was not a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids. 24119374 2 61 theme wheat 517:521 arg1 material 541:548 C-rich raw material 530:548 C-rich raw material 530:548 To achieve these goals, seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) were composted with wheat flour (C-rich raw material). 24119374 2 61 theme wheat 517:521 arg1 flour 523:527 wheat flour 517:527 wheat flour (C-rich raw material) 517:549 To achieve these goals, seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) were composted with wheat flour (C-rich raw material). 24119374 5 62 theme conductivity 1179:1190 arg1 values 1192:1197 high electrical conductivity values 1163:1197 high electrical conductivity values in the final composts 1163:1219 However, although with high proportion of C-rich raw material, mixtures with low initial C/N seems to have favored the accumulation of partially oxidized OM, which may have contributed to high electrical conductivity values in the final composts. 24119374 7 63 theme limiting 1610:1617 arg1 factor 1619:1624 a limiting factor 1608:1624 a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids 1608:1685 On the other hand, as long as a high percentage of bulking agent was used to promote the structure of biomass and consequently improve of the aeration conditions, low initial C/N was not a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids. 24119374 7 63 theme limiting 1610:1617 arg1 C/N 1596:1598 low initial C/N 1584:1598 low initial C/N 1584:1598 On the other hand, as long as a high percentage of bulking agent was used to promote the structure of biomass and consequently improve of the aeration conditions, low initial C/N was not a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids. 24119374 5 64 with mixtures 1038:1045 arg1 C/N 1064:1066 low initial C/N 1052:1066 low initial C/N 1052:1066 However, although with high proportion of C-rich raw material, mixtures with low initial C/N seems to have favored the accumulation of partially oxidized OM, which may have contributed to high electrical conductivity values in the final composts. 24119374 7 65 theme high 1453:1456 arg1 percentage 1458:1467 a high percentage 1451:1467 a high percentage of bulking agent 1451:1484 On the other hand, as long as a high percentage of bulking agent was used to promote the structure of biomass and consequently improve of the aeration conditions, low initial C/N was not a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids. 24119374 6 66 theme stabilized 1289:1298 arg1 mixtures 1317:1324 stabilized HS-like, initial mixtures 1289:1324 stabilized HS-like, initial mixtures with high proportion of C-rich raw material but with low initial C/N 1289:1393 Therefore, although favoring the partial transformation of OM into stabilized HS-like, initial mixtures with high proportion of C-rich raw material but with low initial C/N led to unstable composts. 24119374 1 67 theme substances 315:324 arg1 content 336:342 humic-like substances (HS-like) content 304:342 humic-like substances (HS-like) content 304:342 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 2 68 dep mixtures 439:446 arg1 mixtures 439:446 seven initial mixtures 425:446 seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) 425:495 To achieve these goals, seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) were composted with wheat flour (C-rich raw material). 24119374 2 68 dep mixtures 439:446 arg1 C1 459:460 C1 459:460 C1 459:460 To achieve these goals, seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) were composted with wheat flour (C-rich raw material). 24119374 2 68 dep mixtures 439:446 arg1 BA1-6 449:453 BA1-6 449:453 BA1-6 449:453 To achieve these goals, seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) were composted with wheat flour (C-rich raw material). 24119374 5 69 theme high 1163:1166 arg1 values 1192:1197 high electrical conductivity values 1163:1197 high electrical conductivity values in the final composts 1163:1219 However, although with high proportion of C-rich raw material, mixtures with low initial C/N seems to have favored the accumulation of partially oxidized OM, which may have contributed to high electrical conductivity values in the final composts. 24119374 6 70 theme OM 1281:1282 arg1 transformation 1263:1276 the partial transformation 1251:1276 the partial transformation of OM into stabilized HS-like, initial mixtures with high proportion of C-rich raw material but with low initial C/N 1251:1393 Therefore, although favoring the partial transformation of OM into stabilized HS-like, initial mixtures with high proportion of C-rich raw material but with low initial C/N led to unstable composts. 24119374 5 71 theme low 1052:1054 arg1 C/N 1064:1066 low initial C/N 1052:1066 low initial C/N 1052:1066 However, although with high proportion of C-rich raw material, mixtures with low initial C/N seems to have favored the accumulation of partially oxidized OM, which may have contributed to high electrical conductivity values in the final composts. 24119374 1 72 from influence 160:168 arg1 content 336:342 humic-like substances (HS-like) content 304:342 humic-like substances (HS-like) content 304:342 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 1 72 from influence 160:168 arg1 properties 364:373 physicochemical properties 348:373 physicochemical properties 348:373 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 1 72 from influence 160:168 arg1 composition 291:301 the chemical functional groups composition 260:301 the chemical functional groups composition 260:301 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 7 73 theme low 1584:1586 arg1 factor 1619:1624 a limiting factor 1608:1624 a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids 1608:1685 On the other hand, as long as a high percentage of bulking agent was used to promote the structure of biomass and consequently improve of the aeration conditions, low initial C/N was not a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids. 24119374 7 73 theme low 1584:1586 arg1 C/N 1596:1598 low initial C/N 1584:1598 low initial C/N 1584:1598 On the other hand, as long as a high percentage of bulking agent was used to promote the structure of biomass and consequently improve of the aeration conditions, low initial C/N was not a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids. 24119374 4 74 theme spectra 852:858 arg1 intensity 833:841 the peaks intensity 823:841 the peaks intensity 823:841 The C-rich raw material favored the formation of oxidized organic matter (OM) during the composting process, as suggested by the variation of the ratios of the peaks intensity of FT-IR spectra, corresponding to a decrease of the polysaccharides and an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds. 24119374 5 75 theme C-rich 1017:1022 arg1 material 1028:1035 C-rich raw material 1017:1035 C-rich raw material 1017:1035 However, although with high proportion of C-rich raw material, mixtures with low initial C/N seems to have favored the accumulation of partially oxidized OM, which may have contributed to high electrical conductivity values in the final composts. 24119374 2 76 theme dog 466:468 arg1 food 470:473 dog food 466:473 dog food (N-rich raw material) 466:495 To achieve these goals, seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) were composted with wheat flour (C-rich raw material). 24119374 2 76 theme dog 466:468 arg1 material 487:494 N-rich raw material 476:494 N-rich raw material 476:494 To achieve these goals, seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) were composted with wheat flour (C-rich raw material). 24119374 6 77 theme raw 1357:1359 arg1 material 1361:1368 C-rich raw material 1350:1368 C-rich raw material 1350:1368 Therefore, although favoring the partial transformation of OM into stabilized HS-like, initial mixtures with high proportion of C-rich raw material but with low initial C/N led to unstable composts. 24119374 5 78 theme material 1028:1035 arg1 proportion 1003:1012 high proportion 998:1012 high proportion of C-rich raw material 998:1035 However, although with high proportion of C-rich raw material, mixtures with low initial C/N seems to have favored the accumulation of partially oxidized OM, which may have contributed to high electrical conductivity values in the final composts. 24119374 0 79 dep composition 69:79 arg1 content 135:141 content 135:141 content 135:141 Influence of the composition of the initial mixtures on the chemical composition, physicochemical properties and humic-like substances content of composts. 24119374 4 80 theme C-rich 671:676 arg1 material 682:689 The C-rich raw material 667:689 The C-rich raw material 667:689 The C-rich raw material favored the formation of oxidized organic matter (OM) during the composting process, as suggested by the variation of the ratios of the peaks intensity of FT-IR spectra, corresponding to a decrease of the polysaccharides and an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds. 24119374 5 81 theme final 1206:1210 arg1 composts 1212:1219 the final composts 1202:1219 the final composts 1202:1219 However, although with high proportion of C-rich raw material, mixtures with low initial C/N seems to have favored the accumulation of partially oxidized OM, which may have contributed to high electrical conductivity values in the final composts. 24119374 0 82 theme composition 17:27 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of the composition of the initial mixtures on the chemical composition, physicochemical properties and humic-like substances content of composts. 0:154 Influence of the composition of the initial mixtures on the chemical composition, physicochemical properties and humic-like substances content of composts. 24119374 6 83 theme high 1331:1334 arg1 proportion 1336:1345 high proportion 1331:1345 high proportion of C-rich raw material 1331:1368 Therefore, although favoring the partial transformation of OM into stabilized HS-like, initial mixtures with high proportion of C-rich raw material but with low initial C/N led to unstable composts. 24119374 1 84 theme chemical 264:271 arg1 composition 291:301 the chemical functional groups composition 260:301 the chemical functional groups composition 260:301 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 4 85 theme polysaccharides 896:910 arg1 decrease 880:887 a decrease 878:887 a decrease of the polysaccharides 878:910 The C-rich raw material favored the formation of oxidized organic matter (OM) during the composting process, as suggested by the variation of the ratios of the peaks intensity of FT-IR spectra, corresponding to a decrease of the polysaccharides and an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds. 24119374 4 85 theme polysaccharides 896:910 arg1 increase 919:926 an increase 916:926 an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds 916:972 The C-rich raw material favored the formation of oxidized organic matter (OM) during the composting process, as suggested by the variation of the ratios of the peaks intensity of FT-IR spectra, corresponding to a decrease of the polysaccharides and an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds. 24119374 6 86 theme partial 1255:1261 arg1 transformation 1263:1276 the partial transformation 1251:1276 the partial transformation of OM into stabilized HS-like, initial mixtures with high proportion of C-rich raw material but with low initial C/N 1251:1393 Therefore, although favoring the partial transformation of OM into stabilized HS-like, initial mixtures with high proportion of C-rich raw material but with low initial C/N led to unstable composts. 24119374 0 87 theme mixtures 44:51 arg1 composition 17:27 the composition 13:27 the composition of the initial mixtures 13:51 Influence of the composition of the initial mixtures on the chemical composition, physicochemical properties and humic-like substances content of composts. 24119374 1 88 theme groups 284:289 arg1 composition 291:301 the chemical functional groups composition 260:301 the chemical functional groups composition 260:301 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 7 89 theme other 1428:1432 arg1 hand 1434:1437 the other hand 1424:1437 the other hand 1424:1437 On the other hand, as long as a high percentage of bulking agent was used to promote the structure of biomass and consequently improve of the aeration conditions, low initial C/N was not a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids. 24119374 7 90 from factor 1619:1624 arg1 hand 1434:1437 the other hand 1424:1437 the other hand 1424:1437 On the other hand, as long as a high percentage of bulking agent was used to promote the structure of biomass and consequently improve of the aeration conditions, low initial C/N was not a limiting factor of OM oxidation into extractable stabilized humic-like acids. 24119374 2 91 theme initial 431:437 arg1 mixtures 439:446 seven initial mixtures 425:446 seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) 425:495 To achieve these goals, seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) were composted with wheat flour (C-rich raw material). 24119374 2 91 theme initial 431:437 arg1 C1 459:460 C1 459:460 C1 459:460 To achieve these goals, seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) were composted with wheat flour (C-rich raw material). 24119374 2 91 theme initial 431:437 arg1 BA1-6 449:453 BA1-6 449:453 BA1-6 449:453 To achieve these goals, seven initial mixtures (BA1-6 and C1) of dog food (N-rich raw material) were composted with wheat flour (C-rich raw material). 24119374 3 92 theme groups 607:612 arg1 terms 578:582 terms 578:582 terms of chemical functional groups, physicochemical, maturity and stability parameters 578:664 Composts were analyzed in terms of chemical functional groups, physicochemical, maturity and stability parameters. 24119374 5 93 theme high 998:1001 arg1 proportion 1003:1012 high proportion 998:1012 high proportion of C-rich raw material 998:1035 However, although with high proportion of C-rich raw material, mixtures with low initial C/N seems to have favored the accumulation of partially oxidized OM, which may have contributed to high electrical conductivity values in the final composts. 24119374 3 94 theme chemical 587:594 arg1 maturity 632:639 maturity 632:639 maturity 632:639 Composts were analyzed in terms of chemical functional groups, physicochemical, maturity and stability parameters. 24119374 3 94 theme chemical 587:594 arg1 parameters 655:664 stability parameters 645:664 stability parameters 645:664 Composts were analyzed in terms of chemical functional groups, physicochemical, maturity and stability parameters. 24119374 3 94 theme chemical 587:594 arg1 physicochemical 615:629 physicochemical 615:629 physicochemical 615:629 Composts were analyzed in terms of chemical functional groups, physicochemical, maturity and stability parameters. 24119374 3 94 theme chemical 587:594 arg1 groups 607:612 chemical functional groups 587:612 chemical functional groups 587:612 Composts were analyzed in terms of chemical functional groups, physicochemical, maturity and stability parameters. 24119374 4 95 theme organic 725:731 arg1 OM 741:742 OM 741:742 OM 741:742 The C-rich raw material favored the formation of oxidized organic matter (OM) during the composting process, as suggested by the variation of the ratios of the peaks intensity of FT-IR spectra, corresponding to a decrease of the polysaccharides and an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds. 24119374 4 95 theme organic 725:731 arg1 matter 733:738 oxidized organic matter 716:738 oxidized organic matter (OM) 716:743 The C-rich raw material favored the formation of oxidized organic matter (OM) during the composting process, as suggested by the variation of the ratios of the peaks intensity of FT-IR spectra, corresponding to a decrease of the polysaccharides and an increase of aromatic and carboxyl-containing compounds. 24119374 6 96 theme low 1379:1381 arg1 C/N 1391:1393 low initial C/N 1379:1393 low initial C/N 1379:1393 Therefore, although favoring the partial transformation of OM into stabilized HS-like, initial mixtures with high proportion of C-rich raw material but with low initial C/N led to unstable composts. 24119374 1 97 theme C/N 228:230 arg1 C- 191:192 C- 191:192 C- 191:192 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 24119374 1 97 theme C/N 228:230 arg1 ratio 232:236 initial C/N ratio 220:236 initial C/N ratio 220:236 The influence of the proportion of C- and N-rich raw materials (initial C/N ratio) and bulking agent on the chemical functional groups composition, humic-like substances (HS-like) content and physicochemical properties of composts was assessed. 25229859 0 0 theme expression 108:117 arg1 system 119:124 baculovirus-silkworm expression system 87:124 baculovirus-silkworm expression system 87:124 Functional expression of recombinant human macrophage β-glucan receptor dectin-1 using baculovirus-silkworm expression system. 25229859 1 1 theme β-glucan 178:185 arg1 dectin-1 144:151 Human macrophage dectin-1 127:151 Human macrophage dectin-1 127:151 Human macrophage dectin-1, a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor, was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system and assayed for binding activity. 25229859 1 1 theme β-glucan 178:185 arg1 receptor 187:194 a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor 154:194 a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor 154:194 Human macrophage dectin-1, a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor, was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system and assayed for binding activity. 25229859 0 2 theme baculovirus-silkworm 87:106 arg1 system 119:124 baculovirus-silkworm expression system 87:124 baculovirus-silkworm expression system 87:124 Functional expression of recombinant human macrophage β-glucan receptor dectin-1 using baculovirus-silkworm expression system. 25229859 1 3 theme baculovirus-silkworm 273:292 arg1 system 305:310 a baculovirus-silkworm expression system 271:310 a baculovirus-silkworm expression system 271:310 Human macrophage dectin-1, a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor, was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system and assayed for binding activity. 25229859 1 4 theme expression 294:303 arg1 system 305:310 a baculovirus-silkworm expression system 271:310 a baculovirus-silkworm expression system 271:310 Human macrophage dectin-1, a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor, was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system and assayed for binding activity. 25229859 2 5 theme receptor 545:552 arg1 specificity 526:536 specificity 526:536 specificity 526:536 Recombinant dectin-1 specifically bound to some β-glucans, and the neck domain and N-linked oligosaccharide chains of human dectin-1 did not affect the ligand binding activity and specificity of the receptor. 25229859 2 5 theme receptor 545:552 arg1 activity 513:520 ligand binding activity 498:520 ligand binding activity 498:520 Recombinant dectin-1 specifically bound to some β-glucans, and the neck domain and N-linked oligosaccharide chains of human dectin-1 did not affect the ligand binding activity and specificity of the receptor. 25229859 2 6 theme binding 505:511 arg1 activity 513:520 ligand binding activity 498:520 ligand binding activity 498:520 Recombinant dectin-1 specifically bound to some β-glucans, and the neck domain and N-linked oligosaccharide chains of human dectin-1 did not affect the ligand binding activity and specificity of the receptor. 25229859 2 7 theme Recombinant 346:356 arg1 dectin-1 358:365 Recombinant dectin-1 346:365 Recombinant dectin-1 346:365 Recombinant dectin-1 specifically bound to some β-glucans, and the neck domain and N-linked oligosaccharide chains of human dectin-1 did not affect the ligand binding activity and specificity of the receptor. 25229859 2 8 dep activity 513:520 arg1 the 494:496 the 494:496 the 494:496 Recombinant dectin-1 specifically bound to some β-glucans, and the neck domain and N-linked oligosaccharide chains of human dectin-1 did not affect the ligand binding activity and specificity of the receptor. 25229859 2 9 theme neck 413:416 arg1 domain 418:423 the neck domain 409:423 the neck domain 409:423 Recombinant dectin-1 specifically bound to some β-glucans, and the neck domain and N-linked oligosaccharide chains of human dectin-1 did not affect the ligand binding activity and specificity of the receptor. 25229859 2 9 theme neck 413:416 arg1 dectin-1 470:477 human dectin-1 464:477 human dectin-1 464:477 Recombinant dectin-1 specifically bound to some β-glucans, and the neck domain and N-linked oligosaccharide chains of human dectin-1 did not affect the ligand binding activity and specificity of the receptor. 25229859 0 10 theme Functional 0:9 arg1 expression 11:20 Functional expression 0:20 Functional expression of recombinant human macrophage β-glucan receptor dectin-1 using baculovirus-silkworm expression system. 0:125 Functional expression of recombinant human macrophage β-glucan receptor dectin-1 using baculovirus-silkworm expression system. 25229859 0 11 theme recombinant 25:35 arg1 dectin-1 72:79 recombinant human macrophage β-glucan receptor dectin-1 25:79 recombinant human macrophage β-glucan receptor dectin-1 25:79 Functional expression of recombinant human macrophage β-glucan receptor dectin-1 using baculovirus-silkworm expression system. 25229859 1 12 with protein 223:229 arg1 tag 264:266 an N-terminal hexahistidine tag 236:266 an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system 236:310 Human macrophage dectin-1, a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor, was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system and assayed for binding activity. 25229859 1 13 theme Human 127:131 arg1 dectin-1 144:151 Human macrophage dectin-1 127:151 Human macrophage dectin-1 127:151 Human macrophage dectin-1, a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor, was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system and assayed for binding activity. 25229859 1 13 theme Human 127:131 arg1 protein 223:229 a fusion protein 214:229 a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system 214:310 Human macrophage dectin-1, a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor, was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system and assayed for binding activity. 25229859 1 13 theme Human 127:131 arg1 receptor 187:194 a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor 154:194 a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor 154:194 Human macrophage dectin-1, a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor, was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system and assayed for binding activity. 25229859 2 14 theme human 464:468 arg1 dectin-1 470:477 human dectin-1 464:477 human dectin-1 464:477 Recombinant dectin-1 specifically bound to some β-glucans, and the neck domain and N-linked oligosaccharide chains of human dectin-1 did not affect the ligand binding activity and specificity of the receptor. 25229859 1 15 theme macrophage 133:142 arg1 dectin-1 144:151 Human macrophage dectin-1 127:151 Human macrophage dectin-1 127:151 Human macrophage dectin-1, a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor, was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system and assayed for binding activity. 25229859 1 15 theme macrophage 133:142 arg1 protein 223:229 a fusion protein 214:229 a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system 214:310 Human macrophage dectin-1, a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor, was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system and assayed for binding activity. 25229859 1 15 theme macrophage 133:142 arg1 receptor 187:194 a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor 154:194 a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor 154:194 Human macrophage dectin-1, a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor, was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system and assayed for binding activity. 25229859 1 16 theme fusion 216:221 arg1 dectin-1 144:151 Human macrophage dectin-1 127:151 Human macrophage dectin-1 127:151 Human macrophage dectin-1, a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor, was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system and assayed for binding activity. 25229859 1 16 theme fusion 216:221 arg1 protein 223:229 a fusion protein 214:229 a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system 214:310 Human macrophage dectin-1, a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor, was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system and assayed for binding activity. 25229859 0 17 theme macrophage 43:52 arg1 dectin-1 72:79 recombinant human macrophage β-glucan receptor dectin-1 25:79 recombinant human macrophage β-glucan receptor dectin-1 25:79 Functional expression of recombinant human macrophage β-glucan receptor dectin-1 using baculovirus-silkworm expression system. 25229859 2 18 theme oligosaccharide 438:452 arg1 chains 454:459 N-linked oligosaccharide chains 429:459 N-linked oligosaccharide chains 429:459 Recombinant dectin-1 specifically bound to some β-glucans, and the neck domain and N-linked oligosaccharide chains of human dectin-1 did not affect the ligand binding activity and specificity of the receptor. 25229859 0 19 theme human 37:41 arg1 dectin-1 72:79 recombinant human macrophage β-glucan receptor dectin-1 25:79 recombinant human macrophage β-glucan receptor dectin-1 25:79 Functional expression of recombinant human macrophage β-glucan receptor dectin-1 using baculovirus-silkworm expression system. 25229859 1 20 theme binding 328:334 arg1 activity 336:343 binding activity 328:343 binding activity 328:343 Human macrophage dectin-1, a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor, was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system and assayed for binding activity. 25229859 2 21 theme ligand 498:503 arg1 activity 513:520 ligand binding activity 498:520 ligand binding activity 498:520 Recombinant dectin-1 specifically bound to some β-glucans, and the neck domain and N-linked oligosaccharide chains of human dectin-1 did not affect the ligand binding activity and specificity of the receptor. 25229859 2 22 theme dectin-1 470:477 arg1 domain 418:423 the neck domain 409:423 the neck domain 409:423 Recombinant dectin-1 specifically bound to some β-glucans, and the neck domain and N-linked oligosaccharide chains of human dectin-1 did not affect the ligand binding activity and specificity of the receptor. 25229859 2 22 theme dectin-1 470:477 arg1 chains 454:459 N-linked oligosaccharide chains 429:459 N-linked oligosaccharide chains 429:459 Recombinant dectin-1 specifically bound to some β-glucans, and the neck domain and N-linked oligosaccharide chains of human dectin-1 did not affect the ligand binding activity and specificity of the receptor. 25229859 2 22 theme dectin-1 470:477 arg1 dectin-1 470:477 human dectin-1 464:477 human dectin-1 464:477 Recombinant dectin-1 specifically bound to some β-glucans, and the neck domain and N-linked oligosaccharide chains of human dectin-1 did not affect the ligand binding activity and specificity of the receptor. 25229859 2 23 theme N-linked 429:436 arg1 chains 454:459 N-linked oligosaccharide chains 429:459 N-linked oligosaccharide chains 429:459 Recombinant dectin-1 specifically bound to some β-glucans, and the neck domain and N-linked oligosaccharide chains of human dectin-1 did not affect the ligand binding activity and specificity of the receptor. 25229859 0 24 theme receptor 63:70 arg1 dectin-1 72:79 recombinant human macrophage β-glucan receptor dectin-1 25:79 recombinant human macrophage β-glucan receptor dectin-1 25:79 Functional expression of recombinant human macrophage β-glucan receptor dectin-1 using baculovirus-silkworm expression system. 25229859 0 25 theme β-glucan 54:61 arg1 dectin-1 72:79 recombinant human macrophage β-glucan receptor dectin-1 25:79 recombinant human macrophage β-glucan receptor dectin-1 25:79 Functional expression of recombinant human macrophage β-glucan receptor dectin-1 using baculovirus-silkworm expression system. 25229859 1 26 from tag 264:266 arg1 system 305:310 a baculovirus-silkworm expression system 271:310 a baculovirus-silkworm expression system 271:310 Human macrophage dectin-1, a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor, was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system and assayed for binding activity. 25229859 2 27 link N-linked 429:436 arg1 chains 454:459 N-linked oligosaccharide chains 429:459 N-linked oligosaccharide chains 429:459 Recombinant dectin-1 specifically bound to some β-glucans, and the neck domain and N-linked oligosaccharide chains of human dectin-1 did not affect the ligand binding activity and specificity of the receptor. 25229859 1 28 theme type 156:159 arg1 dectin-1 144:151 Human macrophage dectin-1 127:151 Human macrophage dectin-1 127:151 Human macrophage dectin-1, a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor, was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system and assayed for binding activity. 25229859 1 28 theme type 156:159 arg1 receptor 187:194 a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor 154:194 a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor 154:194 Human macrophage dectin-1, a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor, was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system and assayed for binding activity. 25229859 1 29 theme N-terminal 239:248 arg1 tag 264:266 an N-terminal hexahistidine tag 236:266 an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system 236:310 Human macrophage dectin-1, a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor, was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system and assayed for binding activity. 25229859 1 30 theme hexahistidine 250:262 arg1 tag 264:266 an N-terminal hexahistidine tag 236:266 an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system 236:310 Human macrophage dectin-1, a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor, was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system and assayed for binding activity. 25229859 0 31 theme dectin-1 72:79 arg1 expression 11:20 Functional expression 0:20 Functional expression of recombinant human macrophage β-glucan receptor dectin-1 using baculovirus-silkworm expression system. 0:125 Functional expression of recombinant human macrophage β-glucan receptor dectin-1 using baculovirus-silkworm expression system. 25229859 1 32 theme transmembrane 164:176 arg1 dectin-1 144:151 Human macrophage dectin-1 127:151 Human macrophage dectin-1 127:151 Human macrophage dectin-1, a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor, was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system and assayed for binding activity. 25229859 1 32 theme transmembrane 164:176 arg1 receptor 187:194 a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor 154:194 a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor 154:194 Human macrophage dectin-1, a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor, was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag in a baculovirus-silkworm expression system and assayed for binding activity. 27548265 9 0 theme monocyte-derived 1413:1428 arg1 cells 1440:1444 monocyte-derived dendritic cells 1413:1444 monocyte-derived dendritic cells 1413:1444 Similarly, vaccine-induced activation of MonoMac-6 and monocyte-derived dendritic cells was strongest with the highest potency vaccine. 27548265 8 1 located observed 1348:1355 arg2 differences 1311:1321 no significant differences 1296:1321 no significant differences in hTLR2 activation 1296:1341 In contrast, no significant differences in hTLR2 activation were observed. 27548265 8 1 located observed 1348:1355 arg1 contrast 1286:1293 contrast 1286:1293 contrast 1286:1293 In contrast, no significant differences in hTLR2 activation were observed. 27548265 10 2 from variation 1631:1639 arg1 signalling 1650:1659 hTLR4 signalling 1644:1659 hTLR4 signalling 1644:1659 Blocking of TLR2 and TLR4 showed that differences in antigen-presenting cell activation could be largely attributed to vaccine-dependent variation in hTLR4 signalling. 27548265 5 3 dep in 808:809 arg1 vivo 811:814 vivo 811:814 vivo 811:814 The protein compositions and in vivo potencies of the vaccines were BvgASR dependent, with the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency. 27548265 13 4 theme vaccine 2040:2046 arg1 preparation 2048:2058 wP vaccine preparation 2037:2058 wP vaccine preparation 2037:2058 Together, these findings demonstrate that the BvgASR status of bacteria during wP vaccine preparation is critical for their hTLR4 activation capacity and suggest that including such parameters to assess consistency of newly produced vaccines could bring in vitro testing of vaccine quality a step closer. 27548265 3 5 theme BvgASR 534:539 arg1 system 569:574 the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system 530:574 the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system of Bordetella pertussis 530:598 To this end, a panel of experimental wP vaccines of varying quality was prepared by sulfate-mediated suppression of the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system of Bordetella pertussis during cultivation. 27548265 9 6 theme cells 1440:1444 arg1 activation 1385:1394 vaccine-induced activation 1369:1394 vaccine-induced activation of MonoMac-6 and monocyte-derived dendritic cells 1369:1444 Similarly, vaccine-induced activation of MonoMac-6 and monocyte-derived dendritic cells was strongest with the highest potency vaccine. 27548265 9 7 link monocyte-derived 1413:1428 arg1 cells 1440:1444 monocyte-derived dendritic cells 1413:1444 monocyte-derived dendritic cells 1413:1444 Similarly, vaccine-induced activation of MonoMac-6 and monocyte-derived dendritic cells was strongest with the highest potency vaccine. 27548265 6 8 theme cells 1153:1157 arg1 activation 1120:1129 wP vaccine-mediated activation 1100:1129 wP vaccine-mediated activation of antigen-presenting cells 1100:1157 Here, the capacities of these vaccines to stimulate human Toll-like receptors (hTLR) 2 and 4 and the role these receptors play in wP vaccine-mediated activation of antigen-presenting cells in vitro were studied. 27548265 4 9 theme range 665:669 arg1 transcription 646:658 the transcription 642:658 the transcription of a range of virulence proteins, many of which are considered important for the induction of effective host immunity 642:776 This system regulates the transcription of a range of virulence proteins, many of which are considered important for the induction of effective host immunity. 27548265 13 10 theme BvgASR 2004:2009 arg1 status 2011:2016 the BvgASR status 2000:2016 the BvgASR status of bacteria during wP vaccine preparation 2000:2058 Together, these findings demonstrate that the BvgASR status of bacteria during wP vaccine preparation is critical for their hTLR4 activation capacity and suggest that including such parameters to assess consistency of newly produced vaccines could bring in vitro testing of vaccine quality a step closer. 27548265 13 10 theme BvgASR 2004:2009 arg1 critical 2063:2070 critical 2063:2070 critical 2063:2070 Together, these findings demonstrate that the BvgASR status of bacteria during wP vaccine preparation is critical for their hTLR4 activation capacity and suggest that including such parameters to assess consistency of newly produced vaccines could bring in vitro testing of vaccine quality a step closer. 27548265 4 11 theme virulence 674:682 arg1 proteins 684:691 virulence proteins 674:691 virulence proteins 674:691 This system regulates the transcription of a range of virulence proteins, many of which are considered important for the induction of effective host immunity. 27548265 3 12 theme system 569:574 arg1 suppression 515:525 sulfate-mediated suppression 498:525 sulfate-mediated suppression of the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system of Bordetella pertussis during cultivation 498:617 To this end, a panel of experimental wP vaccines of varying quality was prepared by sulfate-mediated suppression of the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system of Bordetella pertussis during cultivation. 27548265 6 13 theme vaccine-mediated 1103:1118 arg1 activation 1120:1129 wP vaccine-mediated activation 1100:1129 wP vaccine-mediated activation of antigen-presenting cells 1100:1157 Here, the capacities of these vaccines to stimulate human Toll-like receptors (hTLR) 2 and 4 and the role these receptors play in wP vaccine-mediated activation of antigen-presenting cells in vitro were studied. 27548265 3 14 theme virulence 548:556 arg1 system 569:574 the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system 530:574 the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system of Bordetella pertussis 530:598 To this end, a panel of experimental wP vaccines of varying quality was prepared by sulfate-mediated suppression of the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system of Bordetella pertussis during cultivation. 27548265 5 15 theme vaccines 833:840 arg1 compositions 791:802 The protein compositions 779:802 The protein compositions 779:802 The protein compositions and in vivo potencies of the vaccines were BvgASR dependent, with the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency. 27548265 5 15 theme vaccines 833:840 arg1 potencies 816:824 in vivo potencies 808:824 in vivo potencies 808:824 The protein compositions and in vivo potencies of the vaccines were BvgASR dependent, with the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency. 27548265 5 15 theme vaccines 833:840 arg1 dependent 854:862 dependent 854:862 dependent 854:862 The protein compositions and in vivo potencies of the vaccines were BvgASR dependent, with the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency. 27548265 5 16 contain having 934:939 arg2 potency 961:967 in vivo potency 953:967 the highest in vivo potency 941:967 The protein compositions and in vivo potencies of the vaccines were BvgASR dependent, with the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency. 27548265 5 16 contain having 934:939 arg1 proteins 925:932 virulence proteins 915:932 virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency 915:967 The protein compositions and in vivo potencies of the vaccines were BvgASR dependent, with the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency. 27548265 13 17 theme in 2212:2213 arg1 testing 2221:2227 in vitro testing 2212:2227 in vitro testing of vaccine quality a step closer 2212:2260 Together, these findings demonstrate that the BvgASR status of bacteria during wP vaccine preparation is critical for their hTLR4 activation capacity and suggest that including such parameters to assess consistency of newly produced vaccines could bring in vitro testing of vaccine quality a step closer. 27548265 10 18 theme hTLR4 1644:1648 arg1 signalling 1650:1659 hTLR4 signalling 1644:1659 hTLR4 signalling 1644:1659 Blocking of TLR2 and TLR4 showed that differences in antigen-presenting cell activation could be largely attributed to vaccine-dependent variation in hTLR4 signalling. 27548265 3 19 theme Bordetella 579:588 arg1 pertussis 590:598 Bordetella pertussis 579:598 Bordetella pertussis 579:598 To this end, a panel of experimental wP vaccines of varying quality was prepared by sulfate-mediated suppression of the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system of Bordetella pertussis during cultivation. 27548265 4 20 theme proteins 684:691 arg1 many 694:697 many 694:697 many 694:697 This system regulates the transcription of a range of virulence proteins, many of which are considered important for the induction of effective host immunity. 27548265 4 20 theme proteins 684:691 arg1 range 665:669 a range 663:669 a range of virulence proteins, many of which are considered important for the induction of effective host immunity 663:776 This system regulates the transcription of a range of virulence proteins, many of which are considered important for the induction of effective host immunity. 27548265 4 20 theme proteins 684:691 arg1 proteins 684:691 virulence proteins 674:691 virulence proteins 674:691 This system regulates the transcription of a range of virulence proteins, many of which are considered important for the induction of effective host immunity. 27548265 13 21 theme produced 2182:2189 arg1 vaccines 2191:2198 newly produced vaccines 2176:2198 newly produced vaccines 2176:2198 Together, these findings demonstrate that the BvgASR status of bacteria during wP vaccine preparation is critical for their hTLR4 activation capacity and suggest that including such parameters to assess consistency of newly produced vaccines could bring in vitro testing of vaccine quality a step closer. 27548265 5 22 theme proteins 925:932 arg1 amount 905:910 the highest amount 893:910 the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency 893:967 The protein compositions and in vivo potencies of the vaccines were BvgASR dependent, with the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency. 27548265 5 22 theme proteins 925:932 arg1 proteins 925:932 virulence proteins 915:932 virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency 915:967 The protein compositions and in vivo potencies of the vaccines were BvgASR dependent, with the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency. 27548265 13 23 theme vaccine 2232:2238 arg1 quality 2240:2246 vaccine quality 2232:2246 vaccine quality a step closer 2232:2260 Together, these findings demonstrate that the BvgASR status of bacteria during wP vaccine preparation is critical for their hTLR4 activation capacity and suggest that including such parameters to assess consistency of newly produced vaccines could bring in vitro testing of vaccine quality a step closer. 27548265 1 24 theme whole-cell 154:163 arg1 vaccines 180:187 whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines 154:187 whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines 154:187 The potency of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines is still determined by an intracerebral mouse protection test. 27548265 0 25 theme Culture 71:77 arg1 Conditions 79:88 Culture Conditions 71:88 Culture Conditions 71:88 Vaccine-Mediated Activation of Human TLR4 Is Affected by Modulation of Culture Conditions during Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Preparation. 27548265 5 26 theme highest 897:903 arg1 amount 905:910 the highest amount 893:910 the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency 893:967 The protein compositions and in vivo potencies of the vaccines were BvgASR dependent, with the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency. 27548265 5 26 theme highest 897:903 arg1 proteins 925:932 virulence proteins 915:932 virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency 915:967 The protein compositions and in vivo potencies of the vaccines were BvgASR dependent, with the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency. 27548265 13 27 theme quality 2240:2246 arg1 testing 2221:2227 in vitro testing 2212:2227 in vitro testing of vaccine quality a step closer 2212:2260 Together, these findings demonstrate that the BvgASR status of bacteria during wP vaccine preparation is critical for their hTLR4 activation capacity and suggest that including such parameters to assess consistency of newly produced vaccines could bring in vitro testing of vaccine quality a step closer. 27548265 4 28 theme host 764:767 arg1 immunity 769:776 effective host immunity 754:776 effective host immunity 754:776 This system regulates the transcription of a range of virulence proteins, many of which are considered important for the induction of effective host immunity. 27548265 7 29 theme Prolonged 1182:1190 arg1 suppression 1199:1209 Prolonged BvgASR suppression 1182:1209 Prolonged BvgASR suppression 1182:1209 Prolonged BvgASR suppression was associated with a decreased capacity of vaccines to activate hTLR4. 27548265 2 30 theme in 285:286 arg1 alternatives 294:305 suitable in vitro alternatives 276:305 suitable in vitro alternatives to this test 276:318 To allow development of suitable in vitro alternatives to this test, insight into relevant parameters to monitor the consistency of vaccine quality is essential. 27548265 11 31 from reduction 1745:1753 arg1 lipopolysaccharides 1772:1790 GlcN-modified lipopolysaccharides 1758:1790 GlcN-modified lipopolysaccharides in these vaccines 1758:1808 Interestingly, this BvgASR-dependent decrease in hTLR4 activation coincided with a reduction in GlcN-modified lipopolysaccharides in these vaccines. 27548265 2 32 theme quality 392:398 arg1 consistency 369:379 the consistency 365:379 the consistency of vaccine quality 365:398 To allow development of suitable in vitro alternatives to this test, insight into relevant parameters to monitor the consistency of vaccine quality is essential. 27548265 0 33 theme Pertussis 108:116 arg1 Preparation 126:136 Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Preparation 97:136 Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Preparation 97:136 Vaccine-Mediated Activation of Human TLR4 Is Affected by Modulation of Culture Conditions during Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Preparation. 27548265 8 34 from differences 1311:1321 arg1 activation 1332:1341 hTLR2 activation 1326:1341 hTLR2 activation 1326:1341 In contrast, no significant differences in hTLR2 activation were observed. 27548265 0 35 theme Vaccine-Mediated 0:15 arg1 Activation 17:26 Vaccine-Mediated Activation 0:26 Vaccine-Mediated Activation of Human TLR4 0:40 Vaccine-Mediated Activation of Human TLR4 Is Affected by Modulation of Culture Conditions during Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Preparation. 27548265 3 36 theme experimental 438:449 arg1 vaccines 454:461 experimental wP vaccines 438:461 experimental wP vaccines 438:461 To this end, a panel of experimental wP vaccines of varying quality was prepared by sulfate-mediated suppression of the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system of Bordetella pertussis during cultivation. 27548265 5 37 theme in 953:954 arg1 potency 961:967 in vivo potency 953:967 the highest in vivo potency 941:967 The protein compositions and in vivo potencies of the vaccines were BvgASR dependent, with the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency. 27548265 0 38 theme TLR4 37:40 arg1 Activation 17:26 Vaccine-Mediated Activation 0:26 Vaccine-Mediated Activation of Human TLR4 0:40 Vaccine-Mediated Activation of Human TLR4 Is Affected by Modulation of Culture Conditions during Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Preparation. 27548265 5 39 theme protein 783:789 arg1 compositions 791:802 The protein compositions 779:802 The protein compositions 779:802 The protein compositions and in vivo potencies of the vaccines were BvgASR dependent, with the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency. 27548265 5 39 theme protein 783:789 arg1 dependent 854:862 dependent 854:862 dependent 854:862 The protein compositions and in vivo potencies of the vaccines were BvgASR dependent, with the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency. 27548265 12 40 theme glucosamine 1874:1884 arg1 modification 1886:1897 this glucosamine modification 1869:1897 this glucosamine modification 1869:1897 Accordingly, expression of the lgmA-C genes, required for this glucosamine modification, was significantly reduced in bacteria exposed to sulfate. 27548265 6 41 theme human 1022:1026 arg1 receptors 1038:1046 human Toll-like receptors 1022:1046 human Toll-like receptors (hTLR) 2 and 4 1022:1061 Here, the capacities of these vaccines to stimulate human Toll-like receptors (hTLR) 2 and 4 and the role these receptors play in wP vaccine-mediated activation of antigen-presenting cells in vitro were studied. 27548265 6 41 theme human 1022:1026 arg1 hTLR 1049:1052 hTLR 1049:1052 hTLR 1049:1052 Here, the capacities of these vaccines to stimulate human Toll-like receptors (hTLR) 2 and 4 and the role these receptors play in wP vaccine-mediated activation of antigen-presenting cells in vitro were studied. 27548265 6 42 dep role 1071:1074 arg1 play 1092:1095 play 1092:1095 play in wP vaccine-mediated activation of antigen-presenting cells in vitro 1092:1166 Here, the capacities of these vaccines to stimulate human Toll-like receptors (hTLR) 2 and 4 and the role these receptors play in wP vaccine-mediated activation of antigen-presenting cells in vitro were studied. 27548265 13 43 theme activation 2088:2097 arg1 capacity 2099:2106 their hTLR4 activation capacity 2076:2106 their hTLR4 activation capacity 2076:2106 Together, these findings demonstrate that the BvgASR status of bacteria during wP vaccine preparation is critical for their hTLR4 activation capacity and suggest that including such parameters to assess consistency of newly produced vaccines could bring in vitro testing of vaccine quality a step closer. 27548265 3 44 theme varying 466:472 arg1 quality 474:480 varying quality 466:480 varying quality 466:480 To this end, a panel of experimental wP vaccines of varying quality was prepared by sulfate-mediated suppression of the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system of Bordetella pertussis during cultivation. 27548265 5 45 with dependent 854:862 arg1 vaccine 874:880 the vaccine 870:880 the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency 870:967 The protein compositions and in vivo potencies of the vaccines were BvgASR dependent, with the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency. 27548265 3 46 theme vaccines 454:461 arg1 panel 429:433 a panel 427:433 a panel of experimental wP vaccines of varying quality 427:480 To this end, a panel of experimental wP vaccines of varying quality was prepared by sulfate-mediated suppression of the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system of Bordetella pertussis during cultivation. 27548265 9 47 theme vaccine-induced 1369:1383 arg1 activation 1385:1394 vaccine-induced activation 1369:1394 vaccine-induced activation of MonoMac-6 and monocyte-derived dendritic cells 1369:1444 Similarly, vaccine-induced activation of MonoMac-6 and monocyte-derived dendritic cells was strongest with the highest potency vaccine. 27548265 7 48 theme vaccines 1255:1262 arg1 capacity 1243:1250 a decreased capacity 1231:1250 a decreased capacity of vaccines to activate hTLR4 1231:1280 Prolonged BvgASR suppression was associated with a decreased capacity of vaccines to activate hTLR4. 27548265 1 49 theme protection 235:244 arg1 test 246:249 an intracerebral mouse protection test 212:249 an intracerebral mouse protection test 212:249 The potency of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines is still determined by an intracerebral mouse protection test. 27548265 6 50 theme wP 1100:1101 arg1 activation 1120:1129 wP vaccine-mediated activation 1100:1129 wP vaccine-mediated activation of antigen-presenting cells 1100:1157 Here, the capacities of these vaccines to stimulate human Toll-like receptors (hTLR) 2 and 4 and the role these receptors play in wP vaccine-mediated activation of antigen-presenting cells in vitro were studied. 27548265 10 51 theme antigen-presenting 1547:1564 arg1 activation 1571:1580 antigen-presenting cell activation 1547:1580 antigen-presenting cell activation 1547:1580 Blocking of TLR2 and TLR4 showed that differences in antigen-presenting cell activation could be largely attributed to vaccine-dependent variation in hTLR4 signalling. 27548265 7 52 theme BvgASR 1192:1197 arg1 suppression 1199:1209 Prolonged BvgASR suppression 1182:1209 Prolonged BvgASR suppression 1182:1209 Prolonged BvgASR suppression was associated with a decreased capacity of vaccines to activate hTLR4. 27548265 13 53 theme wP 2037:2038 arg1 preparation 2048:2058 wP vaccine preparation 2037:2058 wP vaccine preparation 2037:2058 Together, these findings demonstrate that the BvgASR status of bacteria during wP vaccine preparation is critical for their hTLR4 activation capacity and suggest that including such parameters to assess consistency of newly produced vaccines could bring in vitro testing of vaccine quality a step closer. 27548265 9 54 theme dendritic 1430:1438 arg1 cells 1440:1444 monocyte-derived dendritic cells 1413:1444 monocyte-derived dendritic cells 1413:1444 Similarly, vaccine-induced activation of MonoMac-6 and monocyte-derived dendritic cells was strongest with the highest potency vaccine. 27548265 12 55 theme lgmA-C 1842:1847 arg1 genes 1849:1853 the lgmA-C genes 1838:1853 the lgmA-C genes 1838:1853 Accordingly, expression of the lgmA-C genes, required for this glucosamine modification, was significantly reduced in bacteria exposed to sulfate. 27548265 2 56 theme relevant 334:341 arg1 parameters 343:352 relevant parameters 334:352 relevant parameters 334:352 To allow development of suitable in vitro alternatives to this test, insight into relevant parameters to monitor the consistency of vaccine quality is essential. 27548265 2 57 theme suitable 276:283 arg1 alternatives 294:305 suitable in vitro alternatives 276:305 suitable in vitro alternatives to this test 276:318 To allow development of suitable in vitro alternatives to this test, insight into relevant parameters to monitor the consistency of vaccine quality is essential. 27548265 1 58 theme wP 176:177 arg1 vaccines 180:187 whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines 154:187 whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines 154:187 The potency of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines is still determined by an intracerebral mouse protection test. 27548265 6 59 theme antigen-presenting 1134:1151 arg1 cells 1153:1157 antigen-presenting cells 1134:1157 antigen-presenting cells 1134:1157 Here, the capacities of these vaccines to stimulate human Toll-like receptors (hTLR) 2 and 4 and the role these receptors play in wP vaccine-mediated activation of antigen-presenting cells in vitro were studied. 27548265 11 60 theme hTLR4 1711:1715 arg1 activation 1717:1726 hTLR4 activation 1711:1726 hTLR4 activation 1711:1726 Interestingly, this BvgASR-dependent decrease in hTLR4 activation coincided with a reduction in GlcN-modified lipopolysaccharides in these vaccines. 27548265 3 61 theme regulatory 558:567 arg1 system 569:574 the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system 530:574 the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system of Bordetella pertussis 530:598 To this end, a panel of experimental wP vaccines of varying quality was prepared by sulfate-mediated suppression of the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system of Bordetella pertussis during cultivation. 27548265 1 62 theme vaccines 180:187 arg1 potency 143:149 The potency 139:149 The potency of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines 139:187 The potency of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines is still determined by an intracerebral mouse protection test. 27548265 10 63 theme vaccine-dependent 1613:1629 arg1 variation 1631:1639 vaccine-dependent variation 1613:1639 vaccine-dependent variation in hTLR4 signalling 1613:1659 Blocking of TLR2 and TLR4 showed that differences in antigen-presenting cell activation could be largely attributed to vaccine-dependent variation in hTLR4 signalling. 27548265 1 64 theme intracerebral 215:227 arg1 test 246:249 an intracerebral mouse protection test 212:249 an intracerebral mouse protection test 212:249 The potency of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines is still determined by an intracerebral mouse protection test. 27548265 13 65 theme bacteria 2021:2028 arg1 status 2011:2016 the BvgASR status 2000:2016 the BvgASR status of bacteria during wP vaccine preparation 2000:2058 Together, these findings demonstrate that the BvgASR status of bacteria during wP vaccine preparation is critical for their hTLR4 activation capacity and suggest that including such parameters to assess consistency of newly produced vaccines could bring in vitro testing of vaccine quality a step closer. 27548265 13 65 theme bacteria 2021:2028 arg1 critical 2063:2070 critical 2063:2070 critical 2063:2070 Together, these findings demonstrate that the BvgASR status of bacteria during wP vaccine preparation is critical for their hTLR4 activation capacity and suggest that including such parameters to assess consistency of newly produced vaccines could bring in vitro testing of vaccine quality a step closer. 27548265 3 66 theme master 541:546 arg1 system 569:574 the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system 530:574 the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system of Bordetella pertussis 530:598 To this end, a panel of experimental wP vaccines of varying quality was prepared by sulfate-mediated suppression of the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system of Bordetella pertussis during cultivation. 27548265 9 67 theme highest 1469:1475 arg1 vaccine 1485:1491 the highest potency vaccine 1465:1491 the highest potency vaccine 1465:1491 Similarly, vaccine-induced activation of MonoMac-6 and monocyte-derived dendritic cells was strongest with the highest potency vaccine. 27548265 8 68 theme significant 1299:1309 arg1 differences 1311:1321 no significant differences 1296:1321 no significant differences in hTLR2 activation 1296:1341 In contrast, no significant differences in hTLR2 activation were observed. 27548265 3 69 theme pertussis 590:598 arg1 system 569:574 the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system 530:574 the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system of Bordetella pertussis 530:598 To this end, a panel of experimental wP vaccines of varying quality was prepared by sulfate-mediated suppression of the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system of Bordetella pertussis during cultivation. 27548265 5 70 theme virulence 915:923 arg1 proteins 925:932 virulence proteins 915:932 virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency 915:967 The protein compositions and in vivo potencies of the vaccines were BvgASR dependent, with the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency. 27548265 8 71 theme hTLR2 1326:1330 arg1 activation 1332:1341 hTLR2 activation 1326:1341 hTLR2 activation 1326:1341 In contrast, no significant differences in hTLR2 activation were observed. 27548265 13 72 theme vaccines 2191:2198 arg1 consistency 2161:2171 consistency 2161:2171 consistency of newly produced vaccines 2161:2198 Together, these findings demonstrate that the BvgASR status of bacteria during wP vaccine preparation is critical for their hTLR4 activation capacity and suggest that including such parameters to assess consistency of newly produced vaccines could bring in vitro testing of vaccine quality a step closer. 27548265 6 73 theme vaccines 1000:1007 arg1 capacities 980:989 the capacities 976:989 the capacities of these vaccines to stimulate human Toll-like receptors (hTLR) 2 and 4 976:1061 Here, the capacities of these vaccines to stimulate human Toll-like receptors (hTLR) 2 and 4 and the role these receptors play in wP vaccine-mediated activation of antigen-presenting cells in vitro were studied. 27548265 6 73 theme vaccines 1000:1007 arg1 role 1071:1074 the role 1067:1074 the role these receptors play in wP vaccine-mediated activation of antigen-presenting cells in vitro 1067:1166 Here, the capacities of these vaccines to stimulate human Toll-like receptors (hTLR) 2 and 4 and the role these receptors play in wP vaccine-mediated activation of antigen-presenting cells in vitro were studied. 27548265 11 74 from lipopolysaccharides 1772:1790 arg1 vaccines 1801:1808 these vaccines 1795:1808 these vaccines 1795:1808 Interestingly, this BvgASR-dependent decrease in hTLR4 activation coincided with a reduction in GlcN-modified lipopolysaccharides in these vaccines. 27548265 5 75 contain containing 882:891 arg2 proteins 925:932 virulence proteins 915:932 virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency 915:967 The protein compositions and in vivo potencies of the vaccines were BvgASR dependent, with the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency. 27548265 5 75 contain containing 882:891 arg1 vaccine 874:880 the vaccine 870:880 the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency 870:967 The protein compositions and in vivo potencies of the vaccines were BvgASR dependent, with the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency. 27548265 5 75 contain containing 882:891 arg2 amount 905:910 the highest amount 893:910 the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency 893:967 The protein compositions and in vivo potencies of the vaccines were BvgASR dependent, with the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency. 27548265 5 76 dep in 953:954 arg1 vivo 956:959 vivo 956:959 vivo 956:959 The protein compositions and in vivo potencies of the vaccines were BvgASR dependent, with the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency. 27548265 0 77 theme Conditions 79:88 arg1 Modulation 57:66 Modulation 57:66 Modulation of Culture Conditions during Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Preparation 57:136 Vaccine-Mediated Activation of Human TLR4 Is Affected by Modulation of Culture Conditions during Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Preparation. 27548265 1 78 theme pertussis 165:173 arg1 vaccines 180:187 whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines 154:187 whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines 154:187 The potency of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines is still determined by an intracerebral mouse protection test. 27548265 2 79 dep in 285:286 arg1 vitro 288:292 vitro 288:292 vitro 288:292 To allow development of suitable in vitro alternatives to this test, insight into relevant parameters to monitor the consistency of vaccine quality is essential. 27548265 0 80 theme Whole-Cell 97:106 arg1 Preparation 126:136 Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Preparation 97:136 Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Preparation 97:136 Vaccine-Mediated Activation of Human TLR4 Is Affected by Modulation of Culture Conditions during Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Preparation. 27548265 2 81 theme alternatives 294:305 arg1 development 261:271 development 261:271 development of suitable in vitro alternatives to this test 261:318 To allow development of suitable in vitro alternatives to this test, insight into relevant parameters to monitor the consistency of vaccine quality is essential. 27548265 10 82 from differences 1532:1542 arg1 activation 1571:1580 antigen-presenting cell activation 1547:1580 antigen-presenting cell activation 1547:1580 Blocking of TLR2 and TLR4 showed that differences in antigen-presenting cell activation could be largely attributed to vaccine-dependent variation in hTLR4 signalling. 27548265 4 83 theme effective 754:762 arg1 immunity 769:776 effective host immunity 754:776 effective host immunity 754:776 This system regulates the transcription of a range of virulence proteins, many of which are considered important for the induction of effective host immunity. 27548265 0 84 theme Vaccine 118:124 arg1 Preparation 126:136 Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Preparation 97:136 Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Preparation 97:136 Vaccine-Mediated Activation of Human TLR4 Is Affected by Modulation of Culture Conditions during Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Preparation. 27548265 9 85 theme potency 1477:1483 arg1 vaccine 1485:1491 the highest potency vaccine 1465:1491 the highest potency vaccine 1465:1491 Similarly, vaccine-induced activation of MonoMac-6 and monocyte-derived dendritic cells was strongest with the highest potency vaccine. 27548265 4 86 theme immunity 769:776 arg1 induction 741:749 the induction 737:749 the induction of effective host immunity 737:776 This system regulates the transcription of a range of virulence proteins, many of which are considered important for the induction of effective host immunity. 27548265 2 87 theme vaccine 384:390 arg1 quality 392:398 vaccine quality 384:398 vaccine quality 384:398 To allow development of suitable in vitro alternatives to this test, insight into relevant parameters to monitor the consistency of vaccine quality is essential. 27548265 5 88 theme in 808:809 arg1 potencies 816:824 in vivo potencies 808:824 in vivo potencies 808:824 The protein compositions and in vivo potencies of the vaccines were BvgASR dependent, with the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency. 27548265 13 89 theme such 2135:2138 arg1 parameters 2140:2149 such parameters 2135:2149 such parameters 2135:2149 Together, these findings demonstrate that the BvgASR status of bacteria during wP vaccine preparation is critical for their hTLR4 activation capacity and suggest that including such parameters to assess consistency of newly produced vaccines could bring in vitro testing of vaccine quality a step closer. 27548265 0 90 theme Human 31:35 arg1 TLR4 37:40 Human TLR4 31:40 Human TLR4 31:40 Vaccine-Mediated Activation of Human TLR4 Is Affected by Modulation of Culture Conditions during Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Preparation. 27548265 5 91 theme highest 945:951 arg1 potency 961:967 in vivo potency 953:967 the highest in vivo potency 941:967 The protein compositions and in vivo potencies of the vaccines were BvgASR dependent, with the vaccine containing the highest amount of virulence proteins having the highest in vivo potency. 27548265 10 92 theme TLR2 1506:1509 arg1 Blocking 1494:1501 Blocking 1494:1501 Blocking of TLR2 and TLR4 1494:1518 Blocking of TLR2 and TLR4 showed that differences in antigen-presenting cell activation could be largely attributed to vaccine-dependent variation in hTLR4 signalling. 27548265 3 93 theme wP 451:452 arg1 vaccines 454:461 experimental wP vaccines 438:461 experimental wP vaccines 438:461 To this end, a panel of experimental wP vaccines of varying quality was prepared by sulfate-mediated suppression of the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system of Bordetella pertussis during cultivation. 27548265 6 94 theme Toll-like 1028:1036 arg1 receptors 1038:1046 human Toll-like receptors 1022:1046 human Toll-like receptors (hTLR) 2 and 4 1022:1061 Here, the capacities of these vaccines to stimulate human Toll-like receptors (hTLR) 2 and 4 and the role these receptors play in wP vaccine-mediated activation of antigen-presenting cells in vitro were studied. 27548265 6 94 theme Toll-like 1028:1036 arg1 hTLR 1049:1052 hTLR 1049:1052 hTLR 1049:1052 Here, the capacities of these vaccines to stimulate human Toll-like receptors (hTLR) 2 and 4 and the role these receptors play in wP vaccine-mediated activation of antigen-presenting cells in vitro were studied. 27548265 13 95 theme closer 2255:2260 arg1 quality 2240:2246 vaccine quality 2232:2246 vaccine quality a step closer 2232:2260 Together, these findings demonstrate that the BvgASR status of bacteria during wP vaccine preparation is critical for their hTLR4 activation capacity and suggest that including such parameters to assess consistency of newly produced vaccines could bring in vitro testing of vaccine quality a step closer. 27548265 13 96 theme hTLR4 2082:2086 arg1 capacity 2099:2106 their hTLR4 activation capacity 2076:2106 their hTLR4 activation capacity 2076:2106 Together, these findings demonstrate that the BvgASR status of bacteria during wP vaccine preparation is critical for their hTLR4 activation capacity and suggest that including such parameters to assess consistency of newly produced vaccines could bring in vitro testing of vaccine quality a step closer. 27548265 11 97 from decrease 1699:1706 arg1 activation 1717:1726 hTLR4 activation 1711:1726 hTLR4 activation 1711:1726 Interestingly, this BvgASR-dependent decrease in hTLR4 activation coincided with a reduction in GlcN-modified lipopolysaccharides in these vaccines. 27548265 3 98 theme quality 474:480 arg1 panel 429:433 a panel 427:433 a panel of experimental wP vaccines of varying quality 427:480 To this end, a panel of experimental wP vaccines of varying quality was prepared by sulfate-mediated suppression of the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system of Bordetella pertussis during cultivation. 27548265 13 99 dep in 2212:2213 arg1 vitro 2215:2219 vitro 2215:2219 vitro 2215:2219 Together, these findings demonstrate that the BvgASR status of bacteria during wP vaccine preparation is critical for their hTLR4 activation capacity and suggest that including such parameters to assess consistency of newly produced vaccines could bring in vitro testing of vaccine quality a step closer. 27548265 10 100 theme TLR4 1515:1518 arg1 Blocking 1494:1501 Blocking 1494:1501 Blocking of TLR2 and TLR4 1494:1518 Blocking of TLR2 and TLR4 showed that differences in antigen-presenting cell activation could be largely attributed to vaccine-dependent variation in hTLR4 signalling. 27548265 11 101 theme GlcN-modified 1758:1770 arg1 lipopolysaccharides 1772:1790 GlcN-modified lipopolysaccharides 1758:1790 GlcN-modified lipopolysaccharides in these vaccines 1758:1808 Interestingly, this BvgASR-dependent decrease in hTLR4 activation coincided with a reduction in GlcN-modified lipopolysaccharides in these vaccines. 27548265 1 102 theme mouse 229:233 arg1 test 246:249 an intracerebral mouse protection test 212:249 an intracerebral mouse protection test 212:249 The potency of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines is still determined by an intracerebral mouse protection test. 27548265 12 103 theme genes 1849:1853 arg1 expression 1824:1833 expression 1824:1833 expression 1824:1833 Accordingly, expression of the lgmA-C genes, required for this glucosamine modification, was significantly reduced in bacteria exposed to sulfate. 27548265 7 104 theme decreased 1233:1241 arg1 capacity 1243:1250 a decreased capacity 1231:1250 a decreased capacity of vaccines to activate hTLR4 1231:1280 Prolonged BvgASR suppression was associated with a decreased capacity of vaccines to activate hTLR4. 27548265 10 105 theme cell 1566:1569 arg1 activation 1571:1580 antigen-presenting cell activation 1547:1580 antigen-presenting cell activation 1547:1580 Blocking of TLR2 and TLR4 showed that differences in antigen-presenting cell activation could be largely attributed to vaccine-dependent variation in hTLR4 signalling. 27548265 11 106 theme BvgASR-dependent 1682:1697 arg1 decrease 1699:1706 this BvgASR-dependent decrease 1677:1706 this BvgASR-dependent decrease in hTLR4 activation 1677:1726 Interestingly, this BvgASR-dependent decrease in hTLR4 activation coincided with a reduction in GlcN-modified lipopolysaccharides in these vaccines. 27548265 3 107 theme sulfate-mediated 498:513 arg1 suppression 515:525 sulfate-mediated suppression 498:525 sulfate-mediated suppression of the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system of Bordetella pertussis during cultivation 498:617 To this end, a panel of experimental wP vaccines of varying quality was prepared by sulfate-mediated suppression of the BvgASR master virulence regulatory system of Bordetella pertussis during cultivation. 27548265 9 108 theme MonoMac-6 1399:1407 arg1 activation 1385:1394 vaccine-induced activation 1369:1394 vaccine-induced activation of MonoMac-6 and monocyte-derived dendritic cells 1369:1444 Similarly, vaccine-induced activation of MonoMac-6 and monocyte-derived dendritic cells was strongest with the highest potency vaccine. 30263616 0 0 theme polysaccharide-composite 93:116 arg1 gels 118:121 Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide-composite gels 66:121 Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide-composite gels 66:121 Synergistic rheological behavior and morphology of yam starch and Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide-composite gels under processing conditions. 30263616 6 1 theme extreme 969:975 arg1 values 980:985 extreme pH values 969:985 extreme pH values 969:985 The viscosity/elasticity of the combinations weakened with NaCl addition or extreme pH values. 30263616 7 2 theme electron 1073:1080 arg1 microscopy 1082:1091 scanning electron microscopy 1064:1091 scanning electron microscopy 1064:1091 A complex 3-dimensional network structure of the YA system was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. 30263616 5 3 dep % 889:889 arg1 e.g. 881:884 e.g. 881:884 e.g. 881:884 YA gels exhibited excellent thickening and heat tolerance and behaved as weak gels over an AP concentration range of 0.1-0.4% but as true gels at higher concentrations (e.g. 0.8%). 30263616 4 4 theme AP 559:560 arg1 addition 562:569 incremental AP addition 547:569 incremental AP addition 547:569 With incremental AP addition, the viscosity and consistency indices significantly increased, whereas the activation energy decreased from 7.55 to 5.12 kJ/mol (p < 0.05). 30263616 0 5 theme auricula-judae 78:91 arg1 gels 118:121 Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide-composite gels 66:121 Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide-composite gels 66:121 Synergistic rheological behavior and morphology of yam starch and Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide-composite gels under processing conditions. 30263616 8 6 theme starchy 1181:1187 arg1 industry 1194:1201 the starchy food industry 1177:1201 the starchy food industry 1177:1201 These results indicated that AP has great potential for functional applications in the starchy food industry. 30263616 5 7 theme higher 858:863 arg1 concentrations 865:878 higher concentrations 858:878 higher concentrations (e.g. 0.8%) 858:890 YA gels exhibited excellent thickening and heat tolerance and behaved as weak gels over an AP concentration range of 0.1-0.4% but as true gels at higher concentrations (e.g. 0.8%). 30263616 8 8 from applications 1161:1172 arg1 industry 1194:1201 the starchy food industry 1177:1201 the starchy food industry 1177:1201 These results indicated that AP has great potential for functional applications in the starchy food industry. 30263616 4 9 theme incremental 547:557 arg1 addition 562:569 incremental AP addition 547:569 incremental AP addition 547:569 With incremental AP addition, the viscosity and consistency indices significantly increased, whereas the activation energy decreased from 7.55 to 5.12 kJ/mol (p < 0.05). 30263616 2 10 from influence 238:246 arg1 interactions 337:348 the rheological interactions 321:348 the rheological interactions of yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) 321:386 The influence of AP-blending ratios (0.1-0.8%), temperature, pH, and ionic strength on the rheological interactions of yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) was investigated. 30263616 2 11 theme ionic 303:307 arg1 ratios 263:268 AP-blending ratios 251:268 AP-blending ratios (0.1-0.8%) 251:279 The influence of AP-blending ratios (0.1-0.8%), temperature, pH, and ionic strength on the rheological interactions of yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) was investigated. 30263616 2 11 theme ionic 303:307 arg1 strength 309:316 ionic strength 303:316 ionic strength 303:316 The influence of AP-blending ratios (0.1-0.8%), temperature, pH, and ionic strength on the rheological interactions of yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) was investigated. 30263616 0 12 theme gels 118:121 arg1 behavior 24:31 Synergistic rheological behavior 0:31 Synergistic rheological behavior 0:31 Synergistic rheological behavior and morphology of yam starch and Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide-composite gels under processing conditions. 30263616 0 12 theme gels 118:121 arg1 morphology 37:46 morphology 37:46 morphology 37:46 Synergistic rheological behavior and morphology of yam starch and Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide-composite gels under processing conditions. 30263616 7 13 theme scanning 1064:1071 arg1 microscopy 1082:1091 scanning electron microscopy 1064:1091 scanning electron microscopy 1064:1091 A complex 3-dimensional network structure of the YA system was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. 30263616 1 14 from auricula-judae 185:198 arg1 Polysaccharides 152:166 Polysaccharides 152:166 Polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula-judae (AP) 152:203 Polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula-judae (AP) have unique functionalities. 30263616 3 15 theme 0.8 533:535 arg1 % 536:536 % 536:536 % 536:536 YA gels showed shear-thinning behavior with flow-behavior indices of 0.28-0.37 and greater pseudoplasticity in the presence of 0.8% AP. 30263616 8 16 theme great 1130:1134 arg1 potential 1136:1144 great potential 1130:1144 great potential for functional applications in the starchy food industry 1130:1201 These results indicated that AP has great potential for functional applications in the starchy food industry. 30263616 5 17 theme concentration 806:818 arg1 range 820:824 an AP concentration range 800:824 an AP concentration range of 0.1-0.4% 800:836 YA gels exhibited excellent thickening and heat tolerance and behaved as weak gels over an AP concentration range of 0.1-0.4% but as true gels at higher concentrations (e.g. 0.8%). 30263616 3 18 theme YA 406:407 arg1 gels 409:412 YA gels 406:412 YA gels 406:412 YA gels showed shear-thinning behavior with flow-behavior indices of 0.28-0.37 and greater pseudoplasticity in the presence of 0.8% AP. 30263616 0 19 theme processing 129:138 arg1 conditions 140:149 processing conditions 129:149 processing conditions 129:149 Synergistic rheological behavior and morphology of yam starch and Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide-composite gels under processing conditions. 30263616 1 20 theme unique 210:215 arg1 functionalities 217:231 unique functionalities 210:231 unique functionalities 210:231 Polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula-judae (AP) have unique functionalities. 30263616 0 21 theme rheological 12:22 arg1 behavior 24:31 Synergistic rheological behavior 0:31 Synergistic rheological behavior 0:31 Synergistic rheological behavior and morphology of yam starch and Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide-composite gels under processing conditions. 30263616 5 22 theme heat 755:758 arg1 tolerance 760:768 heat tolerance 755:768 heat tolerance 755:768 YA gels exhibited excellent thickening and heat tolerance and behaved as weak gels over an AP concentration range of 0.1-0.4% but as true gels at higher concentrations (e.g. 0.8%). 30263616 7 23 theme YA 1037:1038 arg1 system 1040:1045 the YA system 1033:1045 the YA system 1033:1045 A complex 3-dimensional network structure of the YA system was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. 30263616 5 24 theme excellent 730:738 arg1 thickening 740:749 excellent thickening 730:749 excellent thickening 730:749 YA gels exhibited excellent thickening and heat tolerance and behaved as weak gels over an AP concentration range of 0.1-0.4% but as true gels at higher concentrations (e.g. 0.8%). 30263616 2 25 theme rheological 325:335 arg1 interactions 337:348 the rheological interactions 321:348 the rheological interactions of yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) 321:386 The influence of AP-blending ratios (0.1-0.8%), temperature, pH, and ionic strength on the rheological interactions of yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) was investigated. 30263616 0 26 theme Synergistic 0:10 arg1 behavior 24:31 Synergistic rheological behavior 0:31 Synergistic rheological behavior 0:31 Synergistic rheological behavior and morphology of yam starch and Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide-composite gels under processing conditions. 30263616 6 27 theme combinations 925:936 arg1 viscosity/elasticity 897:916 The viscosity/elasticity 893:916 The viscosity/elasticity of the combinations 893:936 The viscosity/elasticity of the combinations weakened with NaCl addition or extreme pH values. 30263616 7 28 theme system 1040:1045 arg1 structure 1020:1028 A complex 3-dimensional network structure 988:1028 A complex 3-dimensional network structure of the YA system 988:1045 A complex 3-dimensional network structure of the YA system was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. 30263616 5 29 from concentrations 865:878 arg1 gels 850:853 true gels 845:853 true gels at higher concentrations (e.g. 0.8%) 845:890 YA gels exhibited excellent thickening and heat tolerance and behaved as weak gels over an AP concentration range of 0.1-0.4% but as true gels at higher concentrations (e.g. 0.8%). 30263616 2 30 theme blends 372:377 arg1 interactions 337:348 the rheological interactions 321:348 the rheological interactions of yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) 321:386 The influence of AP-blending ratios (0.1-0.8%), temperature, pH, and ionic strength on the rheological interactions of yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) was investigated. 30263616 3 31 theme % 536:536 arg1 AP 538:539 0.8% AP 533:539 0.8% AP 533:539 YA gels showed shear-thinning behavior with flow-behavior indices of 0.28-0.37 and greater pseudoplasticity in the presence of 0.8% AP. 30263616 5 32 theme AP 803:804 arg1 range 820:824 an AP concentration range 800:824 an AP concentration range of 0.1-0.4% 800:836 YA gels exhibited excellent thickening and heat tolerance and behaved as weak gels over an AP concentration range of 0.1-0.4% but as true gels at higher concentrations (e.g. 0.8%). 30263616 8 33 theme functional 1150:1159 arg1 applications 1161:1172 functional applications 1150:1172 functional applications in the starchy food industry 1150:1201 These results indicated that AP has great potential for functional applications in the starchy food industry. 30263616 7 34 theme network 1012:1018 arg1 structure 1020:1028 A complex 3-dimensional network structure 988:1028 A complex 3-dimensional network structure of the YA system 988:1045 A complex 3-dimensional network structure of the YA system was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. 30263616 3 35 theme AP 538:539 arg1 presence 521:528 the presence 517:528 the presence of 0.8% AP 517:539 YA gels showed shear-thinning behavior with flow-behavior indices of 0.28-0.37 and greater pseudoplasticity in the presence of 0.8% AP. 30263616 3 36 theme pseudoplasticity 497:512 arg1 indices 464:470 flow-behavior indices 450:470 flow-behavior indices of 0.28-0.37 and greater pseudoplasticity 450:512 YA gels showed shear-thinning behavior with flow-behavior indices of 0.28-0.37 and greater pseudoplasticity in the presence of 0.8% AP. 30263616 3 37 with behavior 436:443 arg1 indices 464:470 flow-behavior indices 450:470 flow-behavior indices of 0.28-0.37 and greater pseudoplasticity 450:512 YA gels showed shear-thinning behavior with flow-behavior indices of 0.28-0.37 and greater pseudoplasticity in the presence of 0.8% AP. 30263616 4 38 theme activation 647:656 arg1 energy 658:663 the activation energy 643:663 the activation energy 643:663 With incremental AP addition, the viscosity and consistency indices significantly increased, whereas the activation energy decreased from 7.55 to 5.12 kJ/mol (p < 0.05). 30263616 6 39 theme NaCl 952:955 arg1 addition 957:964 NaCl addition 952:964 NaCl addition 952:964 The viscosity/elasticity of the combinations weakened with NaCl addition or extreme pH values. 30263616 4 40 dep increased 624:632 arg1 whereas 635:641 whereas 635:641 whereas 635:641 With incremental AP addition, the viscosity and consistency indices significantly increased, whereas the activation energy decreased from 7.55 to 5.12 kJ/mol (p < 0.05). 30263616 3 41 theme shear-thinning 421:434 arg1 behavior 436:443 shear-thinning behavior 421:443 shear-thinning behavior with flow-behavior indices of 0.28-0.37 and greater pseudoplasticity 421:512 YA gels showed shear-thinning behavior with flow-behavior indices of 0.28-0.37 and greater pseudoplasticity in the presence of 0.8% AP. 30263616 0 42 theme starch 55:60 arg1 behavior 24:31 Synergistic rheological behavior 0:31 Synergistic rheological behavior 0:31 Synergistic rheological behavior and morphology of yam starch and Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide-composite gels under processing conditions. 30263616 0 42 theme starch 55:60 arg1 morphology 37:46 morphology 37:46 morphology 37:46 Synergistic rheological behavior and morphology of yam starch and Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide-composite gels under processing conditions. 30263616 5 43 theme true 845:848 arg1 gels 850:853 true gels 845:853 true gels at higher concentrations (e.g. 0.8%) 845:890 YA gels exhibited excellent thickening and heat tolerance and behaved as weak gels over an AP concentration range of 0.1-0.4% but as true gels at higher concentrations (e.g. 0.8%). 30263616 7 44 theme complex 990:996 arg1 structure 1020:1028 A complex 3-dimensional network structure 988:1028 A complex 3-dimensional network structure of the YA system 988:1045 A complex 3-dimensional network structure of the YA system was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. 30263616 1 45 contain have 205:208 arg1 Polysaccharides 152:166 Polysaccharides 152:166 Polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula-judae (AP) 152:203 Polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula-judae (AP) have unique functionalities. 30263616 1 45 contain have 205:208 arg2 functionalities 217:231 unique functionalities 210:231 unique functionalities 210:231 Polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula-judae (AP) have unique functionalities. 30263616 2 46 theme starch 357:362 arg1 blends 372:377 yam starch (YS)-AP blends 353:377 yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) 353:386 The influence of AP-blending ratios (0.1-0.8%), temperature, pH, and ionic strength on the rheological interactions of yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) was investigated. 30263616 0 47 theme yam 51:53 arg1 starch 55:60 yam starch 51:60 yam starch 51:60 Synergistic rheological behavior and morphology of yam starch and Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide-composite gels under processing conditions. 30263616 7 48 theme 3-dimensional 998:1010 arg1 structure 1020:1028 A complex 3-dimensional network structure 988:1028 A complex 3-dimensional network structure of the YA system 988:1045 A complex 3-dimensional network structure of the YA system was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. 30263616 2 49 theme AP-blending 251:261 arg1 ratios 263:268 AP-blending ratios 251:268 AP-blending ratios (0.1-0.8%) 251:279 The influence of AP-blending ratios (0.1-0.8%), temperature, pH, and ionic strength on the rheological interactions of yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) was investigated. 30263616 2 49 theme AP-blending 251:261 arg1 % 278:278 0.1-0.8% 271:278 0.1-0.8% 271:278 The influence of AP-blending ratios (0.1-0.8%), temperature, pH, and ionic strength on the rheological interactions of yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) was investigated. 30263616 2 49 theme AP-blending 251:261 arg1 temperature 282:292 temperature 282:292 temperature 282:292 The influence of AP-blending ratios (0.1-0.8%), temperature, pH, and ionic strength on the rheological interactions of yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) was investigated. 30263616 2 49 theme AP-blending 251:261 arg1 pH 295:296 pH 295:296 pH 295:296 The influence of AP-blending ratios (0.1-0.8%), temperature, pH, and ionic strength on the rheological interactions of yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) was investigated. 30263616 2 49 theme AP-blending 251:261 arg1 strength 309:316 ionic strength 303:316 ionic strength 303:316 The influence of AP-blending ratios (0.1-0.8%), temperature, pH, and ionic strength on the rheological interactions of yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) was investigated. 30263616 2 50 theme ratios 263:268 arg1 influence 238:246 The influence 234:246 The influence of AP-blending ratios (0.1-0.8%), temperature, pH, and ionic strength on the rheological interactions of yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) 234:386 The influence of AP-blending ratios (0.1-0.8%), temperature, pH, and ionic strength on the rheological interactions of yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) was investigated. 30263616 2 51 theme yam 353:355 arg1 YS 365:366 YS 365:366 YS 365:366 The influence of AP-blending ratios (0.1-0.8%), temperature, pH, and ionic strength on the rheological interactions of yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) was investigated. 30263616 2 51 theme yam 353:355 arg1 starch 357:362 yam starch 353:362 yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) 353:386 The influence of AP-blending ratios (0.1-0.8%), temperature, pH, and ionic strength on the rheological interactions of yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) was investigated. 30263616 3 52 theme flow-behavior 450:462 arg1 indices 464:470 flow-behavior indices 450:470 flow-behavior indices of 0.28-0.37 and greater pseudoplasticity 450:512 YA gels showed shear-thinning behavior with flow-behavior indices of 0.28-0.37 and greater pseudoplasticity in the presence of 0.8% AP. 30263616 4 53 theme viscosity 576:584 arg1 indices 602:608 the viscosity and consistency indices 572:608 the viscosity and consistency indices 572:608 With incremental AP addition, the viscosity and consistency indices significantly increased, whereas the activation energy decreased from 7.55 to 5.12 kJ/mol (p < 0.05). 30263616 2 54 dep blends 372:377 arg1 YA 380:381 YA 380:381 YA 380:381 The influence of AP-blending ratios (0.1-0.8%), temperature, pH, and ionic strength on the rheological interactions of yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) was investigated. 30263616 2 54 dep blends 372:377 arg1 % 385:385 6% 384:385 6% 384:385 The influence of AP-blending ratios (0.1-0.8%), temperature, pH, and ionic strength on the rheological interactions of yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) was investigated. 30263616 1 55 theme Auricularia 173:183 arg1 AP 201:202 AP 201:202 AP 201:202 Polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula-judae (AP) have unique functionalities. 30263616 1 55 theme Auricularia 173:183 arg1 auricula-judae 185:198 Auricularia auricula-judae 173:198 Auricularia auricula-judae (AP) 173:203 Polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula-judae (AP) have unique functionalities. 30263616 6 56 theme pH 977:978 arg1 values 980:985 extreme pH values 969:985 extreme pH values 969:985 The viscosity/elasticity of the combinations weakened with NaCl addition or extreme pH values. 30263616 0 57 theme Auricularia 66:76 arg1 gels 118:121 Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide-composite gels 66:121 Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide-composite gels 66:121 Synergistic rheological behavior and morphology of yam starch and Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide-composite gels under processing conditions. 30263616 2 58 theme -AP 368:370 arg1 blends 372:377 yam starch (YS)-AP blends 353:377 yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) 353:386 The influence of AP-blending ratios (0.1-0.8%), temperature, pH, and ionic strength on the rheological interactions of yam starch (YS)-AP blends (YA, 6%) was investigated. 30263616 5 59 theme % 836:836 arg1 range 820:824 an AP concentration range 800:824 an AP concentration range of 0.1-0.4% 800:836 YA gels exhibited excellent thickening and heat tolerance and behaved as weak gels over an AP concentration range of 0.1-0.4% but as true gels at higher concentrations (e.g. 0.8%). 30263616 4 60 theme consistency 590:600 arg1 indices 602:608 the viscosity and consistency indices 572:608 the viscosity and consistency indices 572:608 With incremental AP addition, the viscosity and consistency indices significantly increased, whereas the activation energy decreased from 7.55 to 5.12 kJ/mol (p < 0.05). 30263616 8 61 theme food 1189:1192 arg1 industry 1194:1201 the starchy food industry 1177:1201 the starchy food industry 1177:1201 These results indicated that AP has great potential for functional applications in the starchy food industry. 30263616 8 62 contain has 1126:1128 arg1 AP 1123:1124 AP 1123:1124 AP 1123:1124 These results indicated that AP has great potential for functional applications in the starchy food industry. 30263616 8 62 contain has 1126:1128 arg2 potential 1136:1144 great potential 1130:1144 great potential for functional applications in the starchy food industry 1130:1201 These results indicated that AP has great potential for functional applications in the starchy food industry. 30263616 5 63 theme weak 785:788 arg1 gels 790:793 weak gels 785:793 weak gels 785:793 YA gels exhibited excellent thickening and heat tolerance and behaved as weak gels over an AP concentration range of 0.1-0.4% but as true gels at higher concentrations (e.g. 0.8%). 30263616 5 64 theme YA 712:713 arg1 gels 715:718 YA gels 712:718 YA gels 712:718 YA gels exhibited excellent thickening and heat tolerance and behaved as weak gels over an AP concentration range of 0.1-0.4% but as true gels at higher concentrations (e.g. 0.8%). 29052669 1 0 theme facile 138:143 arg1 approach 145:152 herein a facile approach 129:152 herein a facile approach for the synthesis of -C[double bond, length 129:196 We reported herein a facile approach for the synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 1 0 theme facile 138:143 arg1 frameworks 235:244 m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks 201:244 m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks 201:244 We reported herein a facile approach for the synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 1 1 theme linked 211:216 arg1 frameworks 235:244 m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks 201:244 m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks 201:244 We reported herein a facile approach for the synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 1 1 theme linked 211:216 arg1 approach 145:152 herein a facile approach 129:152 herein a facile approach for the synthesis of -C[double bond, length 129:196 We reported herein a facile approach for the synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 0 2 theme organic 72:78 arg1 frameworks 80:89 covalent organic frameworks 63:89 covalent organic frameworks 63:89 Facile synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 3 3 theme bond 491:494 arg1 synthesis 468:476 the large-scale synthesis 452:476 the large-scale synthesis of -C[double bond 452:494 Furthermore, this simple synthetic approach makes the large-scale synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs feasible. 29052669 1 4 theme covalent 218:225 arg1 frameworks 235:244 m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks 201:244 m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks 201:244 We reported herein a facile approach for the synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 1 4 theme covalent 218:225 arg1 approach 145:152 herein a facile approach 129:152 herein a facile approach for the synthesis of -C[double bond, length 129:196 We reported herein a facile approach for the synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 0 5 theme covalent 63:70 arg1 frameworks 80:89 covalent organic frameworks 63:89 covalent organic frameworks 63:89 Facile synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 1 6 theme organic 227:233 arg1 frameworks 235:244 m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks 201:244 m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks 201:244 We reported herein a facile approach for the synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 1 6 theme organic 227:233 arg1 approach 145:152 herein a facile approach 129:152 herein a facile approach for the synthesis of -C[double bond, length 129:196 We reported herein a facile approach for the synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 3 7 theme synthetic 427:435 arg1 approach 437:444 this simple synthetic approach 415:444 this simple synthetic approach 415:444 Furthermore, this simple synthetic approach makes the large-scale synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs feasible. 29052669 1 8 link linked 211:216 arg1 frameworks 235:244 m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks 201:244 m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks 201:244 We reported herein a facile approach for the synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 1 8 link linked 211:216 arg1 approach 145:152 herein a facile approach 129:152 herein a facile approach for the synthesis of -C[double bond, length 129:196 We reported herein a facile approach for the synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 2 9 theme Pr-COF-42 328:336 arg1 materials 343:351 new (Pr-COF-42) COF materials 323:351 new (Pr-COF-42) COF materials 323:351 Three known (COF-42, COF-43, and COF-LZU1) and one new (Pr-COF-42) COF materials were successfully synthesized using this method. 29052669 3 10 theme -C[double 481:489 arg1 bond 491:494 -C[double bond 481:494 -C[double bond 481:494 Furthermore, this simple synthetic approach makes the large-scale synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs feasible. 29052669 3 11 dep linked 517:522 arg1 N- 514:515 N- 514:515 N- 514:515 Furthermore, this simple synthetic approach makes the large-scale synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs feasible. 29052669 3 11 dep linked 517:522 arg1 m-dash 507:512 m-dash 507:512 m-dash 507:512 Furthermore, this simple synthetic approach makes the large-scale synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs feasible. 29052669 2 12 theme new 323:325 arg1 materials 343:351 new (Pr-COF-42) COF materials 323:351 new (Pr-COF-42) COF materials 323:351 Three known (COF-42, COF-43, and COF-LZU1) and one new (Pr-COF-42) COF materials were successfully synthesized using this method. 29052669 0 13 theme Facile 0:5 arg1 synthesis 7:15 Facile synthesis 0:15 Facile synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- 0:54 Facile synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 0 14 theme -C[double 20:28 arg1 N- 53:54 length as m-dash]N- 36:54 length as m-dash]N- 36:54 Facile synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 0 14 theme -C[double 20:28 arg1 bond 30:33 -C[double bond 20:33 -C[double bond 20:33 Facile synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 1 15 theme ambient 252:258 arg1 conditions 260:269 ambient conditions 252:269 ambient conditions 252:269 We reported herein a facile approach for the synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 0 16 theme ambient 97:103 arg1 conditions 105:114 ambient conditions 97:114 ambient conditions 97:114 Facile synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 1 17 theme -C[double 175:183 arg1 length 191:196 length 191:196 length 191:196 We reported herein a facile approach for the synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 1 17 theme -C[double 175:183 arg1 bond 185:188 -C[double bond 175:188 -C[double bond 175:188 We reported herein a facile approach for the synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 1 18 theme bond 185:188 arg1 synthesis 162:170 the synthesis 158:170 the synthesis of -C[double bond, length 158:196 We reported herein a facile approach for the synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 2 19 theme COF 339:341 arg1 materials 343:351 new (Pr-COF-42) COF materials 323:351 new (Pr-COF-42) COF materials 323:351 Three known (COF-42, COF-43, and COF-LZU1) and one new (Pr-COF-42) COF materials were successfully synthesized using this method. 29052669 0 20 theme bond 30:33 arg1 synthesis 7:15 Facile synthesis 0:15 Facile synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- 0:54 Facile synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 3 21 link linked 517:522 arg1 COFs 524:527 m-dash]N- linked COFs 507:527 m-dash]N- linked COFs 507:527 Furthermore, this simple synthetic approach makes the large-scale synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs feasible. 29052669 0 22 theme as 43:44 arg1 N- 53:54 length as m-dash]N- 36:54 length as m-dash]N- 36:54 Facile synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 0 22 theme as 43:44 arg1 bond 30:33 -C[double bond 20:33 -C[double bond 20:33 Facile synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 2 23 dep Three 272:276 arg1 materials 343:351 new (Pr-COF-42) COF materials 323:351 new (Pr-COF-42) COF materials 323:351 Three known (COF-42, COF-43, and COF-LZU1) and one new (Pr-COF-42) COF materials were successfully synthesized using this method. 29052669 0 24 theme length 36:41 arg1 N- 53:54 length as m-dash]N- 36:54 length as m-dash]N- 36:54 Facile synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 0 24 theme length 36:41 arg1 bond 30:33 -C[double bond 20:33 -C[double bond 20:33 Facile synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 3 25 theme linked 517:522 arg1 COFs 524:527 m-dash]N- linked COFs 507:527 m-dash]N- linked COFs 507:527 Furthermore, this simple synthetic approach makes the large-scale synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs feasible. 29052669 3 26 theme simple 420:425 arg1 approach 437:444 this simple synthetic approach 415:444 this simple synthetic approach 415:444 Furthermore, this simple synthetic approach makes the large-scale synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs feasible. 29052669 1 27 dep linked 211:216 arg1 m-dash 201:206 m-dash 201:206 m-dash 201:206 We reported herein a facile approach for the synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 1 27 dep linked 211:216 arg1 N- 208:209 N- 208:209 N- 208:209 We reported herein a facile approach for the synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 3 28 theme large-scale 456:466 arg1 synthesis 468:476 the large-scale synthesis 452:476 the large-scale synthesis of -C[double bond 452:494 Furthermore, this simple synthetic approach makes the large-scale synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked COFs feasible. 29052669 0 29 theme m-dash 46:51 arg1 N- 53:54 length as m-dash]N- 36:54 length as m-dash]N- 36:54 Facile synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 29052669 0 29 theme m-dash 46:51 arg1 bond 30:33 -C[double bond 20:33 -C[double bond 20:33 Facile synthesis of -C[double bond, length as m-dash]N- linked covalent organic frameworks under ambient conditions. 28347190 7 0 theme ear 1167:1169 arg1 oedema 1171:1176 TPA-induced ear oedema 1155:1176 TPA-induced ear oedema 1155:1176 The anti-inflammatory activities of DESC, the acid mixture, and eupatorin (2 mg/ear) were 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% inhibition, respectively, on TPA-induced ear oedema. 28347190 1 1 theme chloroform 168:177 arg1 extract 179:185 the chloroform extract 164:185 the chloroform extract of Salvia connivens Epling (Lamiaceae) 164:224 CONTEXT A previous study demonstrated that the chloroform extract of Salvia connivens Epling (Lamiaceae) has anti-inflammatory activity. 28347190 5 2 theme pro- 760:763 arg1 levels 799:804 pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukin levels 760:804 pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukin levels 760:804 The cell viability of macrophages was evaluated by MTT method, and pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukin levels were measured using an ELISA kit. 28347190 7 3 dep % 1124:1124 arg1 inhibition 1126:1135 inhibition 1126:1135 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% inhibition 1102:1135 The anti-inflammatory activities of DESC, the acid mixture, and eupatorin (2 mg/ear) were 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% inhibition, respectively, on TPA-induced ear oedema. 28347190 12 4 theme CONCLUSION 1697:1706 arg1 DESC 1708:1711 CONCLUSION DESC 1697:1711 CONCLUSION DESC 1697:1711 CONCLUSION DESC has an anti-inflammatory effect; reduced the levels of IL-1β, Il-6 and TNF-α; and increases IL-10 in macrophages stimulated with LPS. 28347190 6 5 theme acid 981:984 arg1 126 mg/g 1001:1008 126 mg/g 1001:1008 126 mg/g 1001:1008 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin were identified in DESC, which was standardized based on the ursolic acid concentration (126 mg/g). 28347190 6 5 theme acid 981:984 arg1 concentration 986:998 the ursolic acid concentration 969:998 the ursolic acid concentration (126 mg/g) 969:1009 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin were identified in DESC, which was standardized based on the ursolic acid concentration (126 mg/g). 28347190 2 6 theme dicholorometane 315:329 arg1 DESC 340:343 DESC 340:343 DESC 340:343 OBJECTIVE Identification of the active components in the dicholorometane extract (DESC), and, standardization of the extract based in ursolic acid. 28347190 2 6 theme dicholorometane 315:329 arg1 extract 331:337 the dicholorometane extract 311:337 the dicholorometane extract (DESC) 311:344 OBJECTIVE Identification of the active components in the dicholorometane extract (DESC), and, standardization of the extract based in ursolic acid. 28347190 6 7 theme ursolic 973:979 arg1 126 mg/g 1001:1008 126 mg/g 1001:1008 126 mg/g 1001:1008 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin were identified in DESC, which was standardized based on the ursolic acid concentration (126 mg/g). 28347190 6 7 theme ursolic 973:979 arg1 concentration 986:998 the ursolic acid concentration 969:998 the ursolic acid concentration (126 mg/g) 969:1009 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin were identified in DESC, which was standardized based on the ursolic acid concentration (126 mg/g). 28347190 7 8 theme TPA-induced 1155:1165 arg1 oedema 1171:1176 TPA-induced ear oedema 1155:1176 TPA-induced ear oedema 1155:1176 The anti-inflammatory activities of DESC, the acid mixture, and eupatorin (2 mg/ear) were 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% inhibition, respectively, on TPA-induced ear oedema. 28347190 2 9 from standardization 352:366 arg1 DESC 340:343 DESC 340:343 DESC 340:343 OBJECTIVE Identification of the active components in the dicholorometane extract (DESC), and, standardization of the extract based in ursolic acid. 28347190 2 9 from standardization 352:366 arg1 extract 331:337 the dicholorometane extract 311:337 the dicholorometane extract (DESC) 311:344 OBJECTIVE Identification of the active components in the dicholorometane extract (DESC), and, standardization of the extract based in ursolic acid. 28347190 1 10 dep demonstrated 146:157 arg1 CONTEXT 121:127 CONTEXT 121:127 CONTEXT 121:127 CONTEXT A previous study demonstrated that the chloroform extract of Salvia connivens Epling (Lamiaceae) has anti-inflammatory activity. 28347190 4 11 from doses 672:676 arg1 oedema 662:667 acute TPA-induced mouse ear oedema 634:667 acute TPA-induced mouse ear oedema at doses of 2.0 mg/ear 634:690 The anti-inflammatory activity was tested on acute TPA-induced mouse ear oedema at doses of 2.0 mg/ear. 28347190 6 12 theme dihydroursolic 878:891 arg1 RESULTS 840:846 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin 840:910 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin 840:910 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin were identified in DESC, which was standardized based on the ursolic acid concentration (126 mg/g). 28347190 6 12 theme dihydroursolic 878:891 arg1 acid 893:896 dihydroursolic acid 878:896 dihydroursolic acid 878:896 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin were identified in DESC, which was standardized based on the ursolic acid concentration (126 mg/g). 28347190 3 13 dep MATERIAL 406:413 arg1 DESC 427:430 DESC 427:430 DESC 427:430 MATERIAL AND METHODS DESC was prepared by percolation with dichlromethane and after washed with hot hexane, its composition was determined by CG-MS and NMR, and standardized by HPLC. 28347190 12 14 dep effect 1738:1743 arg1 IL-10 1805:1809 IL-10 1805:1809 IL-10 1805:1809 CONCLUSION DESC has an anti-inflammatory effect; reduced the levels of IL-1β, Il-6 and TNF-α; and increases IL-10 in macrophages stimulated with LPS. 28347190 5 15 theme anti-inflammatory 769:785 arg1 levels 799:804 pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukin levels 760:804 pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukin levels 760:804 The cell viability of macrophages was evaluated by MTT method, and pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukin levels were measured using an ELISA kit. 28347190 5 16 theme MTT 744:746 arg1 method 748:753 MTT method 744:753 MTT method 744:753 The cell viability of macrophages was evaluated by MTT method, and pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukin levels were measured using an ELISA kit. 28347190 7 17 theme eupatorin 1076:1084 arg1 activities 1034:1043 The anti-inflammatory activities 1012:1043 The anti-inflammatory activities of DESC, the acid mixture, and eupatorin (2 mg/ear) 1012:1095 The anti-inflammatory activities of DESC, the acid mixture, and eupatorin (2 mg/ear) were 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% inhibition, respectively, on TPA-induced ear oedema. 28347190 7 17 theme eupatorin 1076:1084 arg1 % 1124:1124 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% 1102:1124 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% inhibition 1102:1135 The anti-inflammatory activities of DESC, the acid mixture, and eupatorin (2 mg/ear) were 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% inhibition, respectively, on TPA-induced ear oedema. 28347190 2 18 theme components 297:306 arg1 Identification 268:281 OBJECTIVE Identification 258:281 OBJECTIVE Identification of the active components in the dicholorometane extract (DESC), and, standardization of the extract 258:381 OBJECTIVE Identification of the active components in the dicholorometane extract (DESC), and, standardization of the extract based in ursolic acid. 28347190 4 19 theme ear 658:660 arg1 oedema 662:667 acute TPA-induced mouse ear oedema 634:667 acute TPA-induced mouse ear oedema at doses of 2.0 mg/ear 634:690 The anti-inflammatory activity was tested on acute TPA-induced mouse ear oedema at doses of 2.0 mg/ear. 28347190 11 20 theme inflammatory 1573:1584 arg1 mediators 1586:1594 inflammatory mediators 1573:1594 inflammatory mediators 1573:1594 Macrophage cells exhibit a response to LPS, inducing inflammatory mediators, and DESC inhibits the biosynthesis of the pro-inflammatory and promote anti-inflammatory cytokines. 28347190 7 21 theme mixture 1063:1069 arg1 activities 1034:1043 The anti-inflammatory activities 1012:1043 The anti-inflammatory activities of DESC, the acid mixture, and eupatorin (2 mg/ear) 1012:1095 The anti-inflammatory activities of DESC, the acid mixture, and eupatorin (2 mg/ear) were 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% inhibition, respectively, on TPA-induced ear oedema. 28347190 7 21 theme mixture 1063:1069 arg1 % 1124:1124 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% 1102:1124 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% inhibition 1102:1135 The anti-inflammatory activities of DESC, the acid mixture, and eupatorin (2 mg/ear) were 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% inhibition, respectively, on TPA-induced ear oedema. 28347190 7 22 from % 1124:1124 arg1 oedema 1171:1176 TPA-induced ear oedema 1155:1176 TPA-induced ear oedema 1155:1176 The anti-inflammatory activities of DESC, the acid mixture, and eupatorin (2 mg/ear) were 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% inhibition, respectively, on TPA-induced ear oedema. 28347190 2 23 theme ursolic 392:398 arg1 acid 400:403 ursolic acid 392:403 ursolic acid 392:403 OBJECTIVE Identification of the active components in the dicholorometane extract (DESC), and, standardization of the extract based in ursolic acid. 28347190 0 24 theme Anti-inflammatory 0:16 arg1 activity 18:25 Anti-inflammatory activity 0:25 Anti-inflammatory activity of standardized dichloromethane extract of Salvia 0:75 Anti-inflammatory activity of standardized dichloromethane extract of Salvia connivens on macrophages stimulated by LPS. 28347190 1 25 theme Epling 207:212 arg1 extract 179:185 the chloroform extract 164:185 the chloroform extract of Salvia connivens Epling (Lamiaceae) 164:224 CONTEXT A previous study demonstrated that the chloroform extract of Salvia connivens Epling (Lamiaceae) has anti-inflammatory activity. 28347190 0 26 theme standardized 30:41 arg1 extract 59:65 standardized dichloromethane extract 30:65 standardized dichloromethane extract of Salvia 30:75 Anti-inflammatory activity of standardized dichloromethane extract of Salvia connivens on macrophages stimulated by LPS. 28347190 5 27 theme cell 697:700 arg1 viability 702:710 The cell viability 693:710 The cell viability of macrophages 693:725 The cell viability of macrophages was evaluated by MTT method, and pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukin levels were measured using an ELISA kit. 28347190 13 28 theme good 1865:1868 arg1 marker 1884:1889 a good phytochemical marker 1863:1889 a good phytochemical marker 1863:1889 Ursolic acid is a good phytochemical marker. 28347190 13 28 theme good 1865:1868 arg1 acid 1855:1858 Ursolic acid 1847:1858 Ursolic acid 1847:1858 Ursolic acid is a good phytochemical marker. 28347190 13 29 theme phytochemical 1870:1882 arg1 marker 1884:1889 a good phytochemical marker 1863:1889 a good phytochemical marker 1863:1889 Ursolic acid is a good phytochemical marker. 28347190 13 29 theme phytochemical 1870:1882 arg1 acid 1855:1858 Ursolic acid 1847:1858 Ursolic acid 1847:1858 Ursolic acid is a good phytochemical marker. 28347190 4 30 theme acute 634:638 arg1 oedema 662:667 acute TPA-induced mouse ear oedema 634:667 acute TPA-induced mouse ear oedema at doses of 2.0 mg/ear 634:690 The anti-inflammatory activity was tested on acute TPA-induced mouse ear oedema at doses of 2.0 mg/ear. 28347190 6 31 dep RESULTS 840:846 arg1 RESULTS 840:846 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin 840:910 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin 840:910 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin were identified in DESC, which was standardized based on the ursolic acid concentration (126 mg/g). 28347190 6 31 dep RESULTS 840:846 arg1 acid 856:859 Ursolic acid 848:859 Ursolic acid 848:859 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin were identified in DESC, which was standardized based on the ursolic acid concentration (126 mg/g). 28347190 6 31 dep RESULTS 840:846 arg1 acid 872:875 oleanolic acid 862:875 oleanolic acid 862:875 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin were identified in DESC, which was standardized based on the ursolic acid concentration (126 mg/g). 28347190 6 31 dep RESULTS 840:846 arg1 acid 893:896 dihydroursolic acid 878:896 dihydroursolic acid 878:896 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin were identified in DESC, which was standardized based on the ursolic acid concentration (126 mg/g). 28347190 6 31 dep RESULTS 840:846 arg1 eupatorin 902:910 eupatorin 902:910 eupatorin 902:910 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin were identified in DESC, which was standardized based on the ursolic acid concentration (126 mg/g). 28347190 7 32 theme acid 1058:1061 arg1 mixture 1063:1069 the acid mixture 1054:1069 the acid mixture 1054:1069 The anti-inflammatory activities of DESC, the acid mixture, and eupatorin (2 mg/ear) were 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% inhibition, respectively, on TPA-induced ear oedema. 28347190 6 33 theme oleanolic 862:870 arg1 acid 872:875 oleanolic acid 862:875 oleanolic acid 862:875 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin were identified in DESC, which was standardized based on the ursolic acid concentration (126 mg/g). 28347190 6 33 theme oleanolic 862:870 arg1 RESULTS 840:846 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin 840:910 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin 840:910 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin were identified in DESC, which was standardized based on the ursolic acid concentration (126 mg/g). 28347190 0 34 theme extract 59:65 arg1 activity 18:25 Anti-inflammatory activity 0:25 Anti-inflammatory activity of standardized dichloromethane extract of Salvia 0:75 Anti-inflammatory activity of standardized dichloromethane extract of Salvia connivens on macrophages stimulated by LPS. 28347190 7 35 theme DESC 1048:1051 arg1 activities 1034:1043 The anti-inflammatory activities 1012:1043 The anti-inflammatory activities of DESC, the acid mixture, and eupatorin (2 mg/ear) 1012:1095 The anti-inflammatory activities of DESC, the acid mixture, and eupatorin (2 mg/ear) were 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% inhibition, respectively, on TPA-induced ear oedema. 28347190 7 35 theme DESC 1048:1051 arg1 % 1124:1124 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% 1102:1124 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% inhibition 1102:1135 The anti-inflammatory activities of DESC, the acid mixture, and eupatorin (2 mg/ear) were 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% inhibition, respectively, on TPA-induced ear oedema. 28347190 9 36 theme IL-10 1388:1392 arg1 production 1374:1383 the production 1370:1383 the production of IL-10 (1.9-fold) 1370:1403 DESC (25 μg/mL) significantly reduced TNF-α (2.0-fold), IL-1β (2.2-fold) and IL-6 (2.0-fold) in macrophages stimulated with LPS and increased the production of IL-10 (1.9-fold). 28347190 2 37 theme OBJECTIVE 258:266 arg1 Identification 268:281 OBJECTIVE Identification 258:281 OBJECTIVE Identification of the active components in the dicholorometane extract (DESC), and, standardization of the extract 258:381 OBJECTIVE Identification of the active components in the dicholorometane extract (DESC), and, standardization of the extract based in ursolic acid. 28347190 8 38 theme DESC 1191:1194 arg1 IC50 1183:1186 The IC50 1179:1186 The IC50 of DESC on macrophages 1179:1209 The IC50 of DESC on macrophages was 149.4 μg/mL. 28347190 8 38 theme DESC 1191:1194 arg1 149.4 μg/mL 1215:1225 149.4 μg/mL 1215:1225 149.4 μg/mL 1215:1225 The IC50 of DESC on macrophages was 149.4 μg/mL. 28347190 4 39 theme mouse 652:656 arg1 oedema 662:667 acute TPA-induced mouse ear oedema 634:667 acute TPA-induced mouse ear oedema at doses of 2.0 mg/ear 634:690 The anti-inflammatory activity was tested on acute TPA-induced mouse ear oedema at doses of 2.0 mg/ear. 28347190 0 40 theme dichloromethane 43:57 arg1 extract 59:65 standardized dichloromethane extract 30:65 standardized dichloromethane extract of Salvia 30:75 Anti-inflammatory activity of standardized dichloromethane extract of Salvia connivens on macrophages stimulated by LPS. 28347190 5 41 theme macrophages 715:725 arg1 viability 702:710 The cell viability 693:710 The cell viability of macrophages 693:725 The cell viability of macrophages was evaluated by MTT method, and pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukin levels were measured using an ELISA kit. 28347190 12 42 contain has 1713:1715 arg2 levels 1758:1763 the levels 1754:1763 the levels of IL-1β 1754:1772 CONCLUSION DESC has an anti-inflammatory effect; reduced the levels of IL-1β, Il-6 and TNF-α; and increases IL-10 in macrophages stimulated with LPS. 28347190 12 42 contain has 1713:1715 arg2 TNF-α 1784:1788 TNF-α 1784:1788 TNF-α 1784:1788 CONCLUSION DESC has an anti-inflammatory effect; reduced the levels of IL-1β, Il-6 and TNF-α; and increases IL-10 in macrophages stimulated with LPS. 28347190 12 42 contain has 1713:1715 arg2 increases 1795:1803 increases 1795:1803 increases 1795:1803 CONCLUSION DESC has an anti-inflammatory effect; reduced the levels of IL-1β, Il-6 and TNF-α; and increases IL-10 in macrophages stimulated with LPS. 28347190 12 42 contain has 1713:1715 arg1 DESC 1708:1711 CONCLUSION DESC 1697:1711 CONCLUSION DESC 1697:1711 CONCLUSION DESC has an anti-inflammatory effect; reduced the levels of IL-1β, Il-6 and TNF-α; and increases IL-10 in macrophages stimulated with LPS. 28347190 12 42 contain has 1713:1715 arg2 effect 1738:1743 an anti-inflammatory effect 1717:1743 an anti-inflammatory effect 1717:1743 CONCLUSION DESC has an anti-inflammatory effect; reduced the levels of IL-1β, Il-6 and TNF-α; and increases IL-10 in macrophages stimulated with LPS. 28347190 12 42 contain has 1713:1715 arg2 Il-6 1775:1778 Il-6 1775:1778 Il-6 1775:1778 CONCLUSION DESC has an anti-inflammatory effect; reduced the levels of IL-1β, Il-6 and TNF-α; and increases IL-10 in macrophages stimulated with LPS. 28347190 4 43 theme TPA-induced 640:650 arg1 oedema 662:667 acute TPA-induced mouse ear oedema 634:667 acute TPA-induced mouse ear oedema at doses of 2.0 mg/ear 634:690 The anti-inflammatory activity was tested on acute TPA-induced mouse ear oedema at doses of 2.0 mg/ear. 28347190 0 44 theme Salvia 70:75 arg1 extract 59:65 standardized dichloromethane extract 30:65 standardized dichloromethane extract of Salvia 30:75 Anti-inflammatory activity of standardized dichloromethane extract of Salvia connivens on macrophages stimulated by LPS. 28347190 10 45 theme basic 1435:1439 arg1 response 1441:1448 a basic response 1433:1448 a basic response to injuries 1433:1460 DISCUSSION Inflammation is a basic response to injuries, and macrophages are involved in triggering inflammation. 28347190 10 45 theme basic 1435:1439 arg1 Inflammation 1417:1428 DISCUSSION Inflammation 1406:1428 DISCUSSION Inflammation 1406:1428 DISCUSSION Inflammation is a basic response to injuries, and macrophages are involved in triggering inflammation. 28347190 6 46 theme Ursolic 848:854 arg1 acid 856:859 Ursolic acid 848:859 Ursolic acid 848:859 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin were identified in DESC, which was standardized based on the ursolic acid concentration (126 mg/g). 28347190 6 46 theme Ursolic 848:854 arg1 RESULTS 840:846 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin 840:910 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin 840:910 RESULTS Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin were identified in DESC, which was standardized based on the ursolic acid concentration (126 mg/g). 28347190 12 47 theme reduced 1746:1752 arg1 Il-6 1775:1778 Il-6 1775:1778 Il-6 1775:1778 CONCLUSION DESC has an anti-inflammatory effect; reduced the levels of IL-1β, Il-6 and TNF-α; and increases IL-10 in macrophages stimulated with LPS. 28347190 12 47 theme reduced 1746:1752 arg1 levels 1758:1763 the levels 1754:1763 the levels of IL-1β 1754:1772 CONCLUSION DESC has an anti-inflammatory effect; reduced the levels of IL-1β, Il-6 and TNF-α; and increases IL-10 in macrophages stimulated with LPS. 28347190 12 47 theme reduced 1746:1752 arg1 TNF-α 1784:1788 TNF-α 1784:1788 TNF-α 1784:1788 CONCLUSION DESC has an anti-inflammatory effect; reduced the levels of IL-1β, Il-6 and TNF-α; and increases IL-10 in macrophages stimulated with LPS. 28347190 3 48 theme hot 502:504 arg1 hexane 506:511 hot hexane 502:511 hot hexane 502:511 MATERIAL AND METHODS DESC was prepared by percolation with dichlromethane and after washed with hot hexane, its composition was determined by CG-MS and NMR, and standardized by HPLC. 28347190 10 49 theme DISCUSSION 1406:1415 arg1 response 1441:1448 a basic response 1433:1448 a basic response to injuries 1433:1460 DISCUSSION Inflammation is a basic response to injuries, and macrophages are involved in triggering inflammation. 28347190 10 49 theme DISCUSSION 1406:1415 arg1 Inflammation 1417:1428 DISCUSSION Inflammation 1406:1428 DISCUSSION Inflammation 1406:1428 DISCUSSION Inflammation is a basic response to injuries, and macrophages are involved in triggering inflammation. 28347190 1 50 contain has 226:228 arg2 activity 248:255 anti-inflammatory activity 230:255 anti-inflammatory activity 230:255 CONTEXT A previous study demonstrated that the chloroform extract of Salvia connivens Epling (Lamiaceae) has anti-inflammatory activity. 28347190 1 50 contain has 226:228 arg1 extract 179:185 the chloroform extract 164:185 the chloroform extract of Salvia connivens Epling (Lamiaceae) 164:224 CONTEXT A previous study demonstrated that the chloroform extract of Salvia connivens Epling (Lamiaceae) has anti-inflammatory activity. 28347190 1 51 theme previous 131:138 arg1 study 140:144 A previous study 129:144 A previous study 129:144 CONTEXT A previous study demonstrated that the chloroform extract of Salvia connivens Epling (Lamiaceae) has anti-inflammatory activity. 28347190 11 52 theme pro-inflammatory 1639:1654 arg1 biosynthesis 1619:1630 the biosynthesis 1615:1630 the biosynthesis of the pro-inflammatory 1615:1654 Macrophage cells exhibit a response to LPS, inducing inflammatory mediators, and DESC inhibits the biosynthesis of the pro-inflammatory and promote anti-inflammatory cytokines. 28347190 2 53 theme active 290:295 arg1 components 297:306 the active components 286:306 the active components in the dicholorometane extract (DESC), and, standardization of the extract 286:381 OBJECTIVE Identification of the active components in the dicholorometane extract (DESC), and, standardization of the extract based in ursolic acid. 28347190 8 54 from IC50 1183:1186 arg1 macrophages 1199:1209 macrophages 1199:1209 macrophages 1199:1209 The IC50 of DESC on macrophages was 149.4 μg/mL. 28347190 1 55 theme anti-inflammatory 230:246 arg1 activity 248:255 anti-inflammatory activity 230:255 anti-inflammatory activity 230:255 CONTEXT A previous study demonstrated that the chloroform extract of Salvia connivens Epling (Lamiaceae) has anti-inflammatory activity. 28347190 7 56 theme anti-inflammatory 1016:1032 arg1 activities 1034:1043 The anti-inflammatory activities 1012:1043 The anti-inflammatory activities of DESC, the acid mixture, and eupatorin (2 mg/ear) 1012:1095 The anti-inflammatory activities of DESC, the acid mixture, and eupatorin (2 mg/ear) were 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% inhibition, respectively, on TPA-induced ear oedema. 28347190 7 56 theme anti-inflammatory 1016:1032 arg1 % 1124:1124 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% 1102:1124 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% inhibition 1102:1135 The anti-inflammatory activities of DESC, the acid mixture, and eupatorin (2 mg/ear) were 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% inhibition, respectively, on TPA-induced ear oedema. 28347190 12 57 theme anti-inflammatory 1720:1736 arg1 effect 1738:1743 an anti-inflammatory effect 1717:1743 an anti-inflammatory effect 1717:1743 CONCLUSION DESC has an anti-inflammatory effect; reduced the levels of IL-1β, Il-6 and TNF-α; and increases IL-10 in macrophages stimulated with LPS. 28347190 4 58 theme anti-inflammatory 593:609 arg1 activity 611:618 The anti-inflammatory activity 589:618 The anti-inflammatory activity 589:618 The anti-inflammatory activity was tested on acute TPA-induced mouse ear oedema at doses of 2.0 mg/ear. 28347190 12 59 theme IL-1β 1768:1772 arg1 effect 1738:1743 an anti-inflammatory effect 1717:1743 an anti-inflammatory effect 1717:1743 CONCLUSION DESC has an anti-inflammatory effect; reduced the levels of IL-1β, Il-6 and TNF-α; and increases IL-10 in macrophages stimulated with LPS. 28347190 12 59 theme IL-1β 1768:1772 arg1 Il-6 1775:1778 Il-6 1775:1778 Il-6 1775:1778 CONCLUSION DESC has an anti-inflammatory effect; reduced the levels of IL-1β, Il-6 and TNF-α; and increases IL-10 in macrophages stimulated with LPS. 28347190 12 59 theme IL-1β 1768:1772 arg1 levels 1758:1763 the levels 1754:1763 the levels of IL-1β 1754:1772 CONCLUSION DESC has an anti-inflammatory effect; reduced the levels of IL-1β, Il-6 and TNF-α; and increases IL-10 in macrophages stimulated with LPS. 28347190 12 59 theme IL-1β 1768:1772 arg1 TNF-α 1784:1788 TNF-α 1784:1788 TNF-α 1784:1788 CONCLUSION DESC has an anti-inflammatory effect; reduced the levels of IL-1β, Il-6 and TNF-α; and increases IL-10 in macrophages stimulated with LPS. 28347190 12 59 theme IL-1β 1768:1772 arg1 increases 1795:1803 increases 1795:1803 increases 1795:1803 CONCLUSION DESC has an anti-inflammatory effect; reduced the levels of IL-1β, Il-6 and TNF-α; and increases IL-10 in macrophages stimulated with LPS. 28347190 11 60 theme anti-inflammatory 1668:1684 arg1 cytokines 1686:1694 anti-inflammatory cytokines 1668:1694 anti-inflammatory cytokines 1668:1694 Macrophage cells exhibit a response to LPS, inducing inflammatory mediators, and DESC inhibits the biosynthesis of the pro-inflammatory and promote anti-inflammatory cytokines. 28347190 5 61 theme ELISA 829:833 arg1 kit 835:837 an ELISA kit 826:837 an ELISA kit 826:837 The cell viability of macrophages was evaluated by MTT method, and pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukin levels were measured using an ELISA kit. 28347190 4 62 theme 2.0 mg/ear 681:690 arg1 doses 672:676 doses 672:676 doses of 2.0 mg/ear 672:690 The anti-inflammatory activity was tested on acute TPA-induced mouse ear oedema at doses of 2.0 mg/ear. 28347190 13 63 theme Ursolic 1847:1853 arg1 marker 1884:1889 a good phytochemical marker 1863:1889 a good phytochemical marker 1863:1889 Ursolic acid is a good phytochemical marker. 28347190 13 63 theme Ursolic 1847:1853 arg1 acid 1855:1858 Ursolic acid 1847:1858 Ursolic acid 1847:1858 Ursolic acid is a good phytochemical marker. 28347190 5 64 theme interleukin 787:797 arg1 levels 799:804 pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukin levels 760:804 pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukin levels 760:804 The cell viability of macrophages was evaluated by MTT method, and pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukin levels were measured using an ELISA kit. 28347190 11 65 theme Macrophage 1520:1529 arg1 cells 1531:1535 Macrophage cells 1520:1535 Macrophage cells 1520:1535 Macrophage cells exhibit a response to LPS, inducing inflammatory mediators, and DESC inhibits the biosynthesis of the pro-inflammatory and promote anti-inflammatory cytokines. 28347190 2 66 theme extract 375:381 arg1 standardization 352:366 standardization 352:366 standardization of the extract 352:381 OBJECTIVE Identification of the active components in the dicholorometane extract (DESC), and, standardization of the extract based in ursolic acid. 28177701 2 0 dep PRE 542:544 arg1 3 551:551 3 551:551 3 551:551 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 3 1 theme 6 828:828 arg1 weeks 837:841 2 (MID) and 6 (POST) weeks 816:841 2 (MID) and 6 (POST) weeks of training 816:853 Participants then completed 6 weeks of SIT 4 times per week with additional biopsies after 2 (MID) and 6 (POST) weeks of training. 28177701 2 2 theme recovery 714:721 arg1 s 709:709 10 s 706:709 10 s of recovery 706:721 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 6 3 theme morphological 1480:1492 arg1 adaptations 1518:1528 other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations 1460:1528 other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations 1460:1528 These results suggest that acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA relates to the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations. 28177701 6 4 from increases 1419:1427 arg1 capacity 1442:1449 oxidative capacity 1432:1449 oxidative capacity 1432:1449 These results suggest that acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA relates to the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations. 28177701 6 4 from increases 1419:1427 arg1 adaptations 1518:1528 other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations 1460:1528 other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations 1460:1528 These results suggest that acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA relates to the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations. 28177701 1 5 theme GPD1-2 216:221 arg1 expression 228:237 GPD1-2 mRNA expression 216:237 GPD1-2 mRNA expression 216:237 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 6 6 from adaptations 1518:1528 arg1 magnitude 1378:1386 the magnitude 1374:1386 the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations 1374:1528 These results suggest that acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA relates to the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations. 28177701 3 7 theme training 846:853 arg1 weeks 837:841 2 (MID) and 6 (POST) weeks 816:841 2 (MID) and 6 (POST) weeks of training 816:853 Participants then completed 6 weeks of SIT 4 times per week with additional biopsies after 2 (MID) and 6 (POST) weeks of training. 28177701 6 8 theme molecular 1466:1474 arg1 adaptations 1518:1528 other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations 1460:1528 other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations 1460:1528 These results suggest that acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA relates to the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations. 28177701 4 9 theme PGC-1α 875:880 arg1 mRNA 882:885 PGC-1α mRNA 875:885 PGC-1α mRNA 875:885 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 2 10 theme ∼170 658:661 arg1 % 662:662 % 662:662 % 662:662 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 4 11 theme = 1055:1055 arg1 r 1042:1042 r 1042:1042 r = 0.79 1042:1049 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 4 11 theme = 1055:1055 arg1 0.62 1057:1060 r2 = 0.62 1052:1060 r2 = 0.62 1052:1060 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 5 12 from adaptations 1277:1287 arg1 expression 1254:1263 GPD1-2 mRNA expression 1242:1263 GPD1-2 mRNA expression 1242:1263 No other significant relationships were found between acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression and chronic adaptations to training. 28177701 5 12 from adaptations 1277:1287 arg1 SDHA 1232:1235 SDHA 1232:1235 SDHA 1232:1235 No other significant relationships were found between acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression and chronic adaptations to training. 28177701 5 12 from adaptations 1277:1287 arg1 VEGFA 1225:1229 VEGFA 1225:1229 VEGFA 1225:1229 No other significant relationships were found between acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression and chronic adaptations to training. 28177701 5 12 from adaptations 1277:1287 arg1 PGC-1α 1217:1222 PGC-1α 1217:1222 PGC-1α 1217:1222 No other significant relationships were found between acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression and chronic adaptations to training. 28177701 1 13 theme acute 172:176 arg1 responses 178:186 acute responses 172:186 acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression 172:237 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 2 14 theme uptake 676:681 arg1 rate 688:691 ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate 658:691 ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery 658:721 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 7 15 theme coordinated 1626:1636 arg1 upregulation 1638:1649 a coordinated upregulation 1624:1649 a coordinated upregulation between PGC-1α and only some of its proposed targets in human skeletal muscle 1624:1727 Additionally, acute mRNA responses in PGC-1α correlated with VEGFA, but not SDHA, suggesting a coordinated upregulation between PGC-1α and only some of its proposed targets in human skeletal muscle. 28177701 2 16 theme ± 521:521 arg1 years 527:531 22.0 ± 2.4 years 516:531 age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years 511:531 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 2 17 theme peak 664:667 arg1 rate 688:691 ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate 658:691 ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery 658:721 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 5 18 theme mRNA 1249:1252 arg1 expression 1254:1263 GPD1-2 mRNA expression 1242:1263 GPD1-2 mRNA expression 1242:1263 No other significant relationships were found between acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression and chronic adaptations to training. 28177701 2 19 theme PRE 542:544 arg1 h 553:553 (PRE) and 3 h 541:553 h 553:553 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 0 20 from increases 67:75 arg1 activity 84:91 SDH activity 80:91 SDH activity in human skeletal muscle 80:116 Acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA correlates with training-induced increases in SDH activity in human skeletal muscle. 28177701 4 21 theme glycogen 1077:1084 arg1 content 1086:1092 glycogen content 1077:1092 glycogen content 1077:1092 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 1 22 theme capillary 385:393 arg1 density 395:401 capillary density 385:401 capillary density 385:401 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 1 23 from responses 178:186 arg1 SDHA 206:209 SDHA 206:209 SDHA 206:209 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 1 23 from responses 178:186 arg1 VEGFA 199:203 VEGFA 199:203 VEGFA 199:203 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 1 23 from responses 178:186 arg1 PGC-1α 191:196 PGC-1α 191:196 PGC-1α 191:196 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 1 23 from responses 178:186 arg1 expression 228:237 GPD1-2 mRNA expression 216:237 GPD1-2 mRNA expression 216:237 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 2 24 theme interval 609:616 arg1 SIT 628:630 SIT 628:630 SIT 628:630 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 2 24 theme interval 609:616 arg1 training 618:625 sprint interval training 602:625 sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery) 602:722 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 4 25 from increases 906:914 arg1 PRE 970:972 PRE 970:972 PRE 970:972 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 4 25 from increases 906:914 arg1 POST 985:988 POST 985:988 POST 985:988 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 4 25 from increases 906:914 arg1 content 1086:1092 glycogen content 1077:1092 glycogen content 1077:1092 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 4 25 from increases 906:914 arg1 activity 923:930 SDH activity 919:930 SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) 919:1071 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 2 26 theme active 499:504 arg1 men 506:508 14 recreationally active men 481:508 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) 481:532 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 6 27 from magnitude 1378:1386 arg1 capacity 1442:1449 oxidative capacity 1432:1449 oxidative capacity 1432:1449 These results suggest that acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA relates to the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations. 28177701 6 27 from magnitude 1378:1386 arg1 adaptations 1518:1528 other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations 1460:1528 other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations 1460:1528 These results suggest that acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA relates to the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations. 28177701 4 28 theme = 1125:1125 arg1 0.36 1127:1130 r2 = 0.36 1122:1130 r2 = 0.36 1122:1130 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 1 29 theme SDH-GPD 299:305 arg1 activity 307:314 SDH-GPD activity 299:314 SDH-GPD activity 299:314 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 1 30 theme present 138:144 arg1 study 146:150 the present study 134:150 the present study 134:150 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 0 31 theme SDH 80:82 arg1 activity 84:91 SDH activity 80:91 SDH activity in human skeletal muscle 80:116 Acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA correlates with training-induced increases in SDH activity in human skeletal muscle. 28177701 5 32 from responses 1204:1212 arg1 expression 1254:1263 GPD1-2 mRNA expression 1242:1263 GPD1-2 mRNA expression 1242:1263 No other significant relationships were found between acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression and chronic adaptations to training. 28177701 5 32 from responses 1204:1212 arg1 SDHA 1232:1235 SDHA 1232:1235 SDHA 1232:1235 No other significant relationships were found between acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression and chronic adaptations to training. 28177701 5 32 from responses 1204:1212 arg1 VEGFA 1225:1229 VEGFA 1225:1229 VEGFA 1225:1229 No other significant relationships were found between acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression and chronic adaptations to training. 28177701 5 32 from responses 1204:1212 arg1 PGC-1α 1217:1222 PGC-1α 1217:1222 PGC-1α 1217:1222 No other significant relationships were found between acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression and chronic adaptations to training. 28177701 4 33 theme r2 1011:1012 arg1 0.65 1016:1019 r2 = 0.65 1011:1019 r2 = 0.65 1011:1019 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 4 34 theme = 1114:1114 arg1 r 1112:1112 r = 0.60 1112:1119 r = 0.60 1112:1119 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 4 34 theme = 1114:1114 arg1 POST 1106:1109 POST 1106:1109 POST 1106:1109 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 4 35 theme capacity 955:962 arg1 marker 935:940 a marker 933:940 a marker of oxidative capacity 933:962 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 0 36 theme skeletal 102:109 arg1 muscle 111:116 human skeletal muscle 96:116 human skeletal muscle 96:116 Acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA correlates with training-induced increases in SDH activity in human skeletal muscle. 28177701 4 37 dep activity 923:930 arg1 marker 935:940 a marker 933:940 a marker of oxidative capacity 933:962 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 4 38 theme Acute 856:860 arg1 increases 862:870 Acute increases 856:870 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA 856:885 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 6 39 theme PGC-1α 1351:1356 arg1 mRNA 1358:1361 PGC-1α mRNA 1351:1361 PGC-1α mRNA 1351:1361 These results suggest that acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA relates to the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations. 28177701 4 40 theme r 1001:1001 arg1 0.81 1005:1008 r = 0.81 1001:1008 r = 0.81 1001:1008 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 0 41 theme Acute 0:4 arg1 upregulation 6:17 Acute upregulation 0:17 Acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA 0:32 Acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA correlates with training-induced increases in SDH activity in human skeletal muscle. 28177701 2 42 dep training 618:625 arg1 intervals 645:653 eight 20-s intervals 634:653 eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery 634:721 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 2 43 theme acute 588:592 arg1 bout 594:597 an acute bout 585:597 an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery) 585:722 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 1 44 theme associated 253:262 arg1 adaptations 404:414 their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations 247:414 their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training 247:433 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 2 45 dep men 506:508 arg1 age 511:513 age 511:513 age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years 511:531 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 4 46 theme oxidative 945:953 arg1 capacity 955:962 oxidative capacity 945:962 oxidative capacity 945:962 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 5 47 theme acute 1198:1202 arg1 responses 1204:1212 acute responses 1198:1212 acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression 1198:1263 No other significant relationships were found between acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression and chronic adaptations to training. 28177701 0 48 theme mRNA 29:32 arg1 upregulation 6:17 Acute upregulation 0:17 Acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA 0:32 Acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA correlates with training-induced increases in SDH activity in human skeletal muscle. 28177701 1 49 theme skeletal 272:279 arg1 adaptations 404:414 their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations 247:414 their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training 247:433 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 2 50 dep age 511:513 arg1 years 527:531 22.0 ± 2.4 years 516:531 age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years 511:531 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 1 51 dep morphological 343:355 arg1 composition 369:379 fibre-type composition 358:379 fibre-type composition 358:379 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 1 51 dep morphological 343:355 arg1 density 395:401 capillary density 385:401 capillary density 385:401 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 5 52 theme other 1147:1151 arg1 relationships 1165:1177 No other significant relationships 1144:1177 No other significant relationships 1144:1177 No other significant relationships were found between acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression and chronic adaptations to training. 28177701 1 53 theme molecular 288:296 arg1 adaptations 404:414 their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations 247:414 their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training 247:433 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 7 54 theme acute 1545:1549 arg1 responses 1556:1564 acute mRNA responses 1545:1564 acute mRNA responses in PGC-1α 1545:1574 Additionally, acute mRNA responses in PGC-1α correlated with VEGFA, but not SDHA, suggesting a coordinated upregulation between PGC-1α and only some of its proposed targets in human skeletal muscle. 28177701 7 55 from targets 1696:1702 arg1 muscle 1722:1727 human skeletal muscle 1707:1727 human skeletal muscle 1707:1727 Additionally, acute mRNA responses in PGC-1α correlated with VEGFA, but not SDHA, suggesting a coordinated upregulation between PGC-1α and only some of its proposed targets in human skeletal muscle. 28177701 4 56 from POST 985:988 arg1 content 1086:1092 glycogen content 1077:1092 glycogen content 1077:1092 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 4 56 from POST 985:988 arg1 increases 906:914 increases 906:914 increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content 906:1092 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 4 56 from POST 985:988 arg1 activity 923:930 SDH activity 919:930 SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) 919:1071 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 3 57 theme 2 816:816 arg1 weeks 837:841 2 (MID) and 6 (POST) weeks 816:841 2 (MID) and 6 (POST) weeks of training 816:853 Participants then completed 6 weeks of SIT 4 times per week with additional biopsies after 2 (MID) and 6 (POST) weeks of training. 28177701 6 58 theme training-induced 1402:1417 arg1 increases 1419:1427 subsequent training-induced increases 1391:1427 subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations 1391:1528 These results suggest that acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA relates to the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations. 28177701 4 59 theme p 1022:1022 arg1 < 1024:1024 p < 0.01 1022:1029 p < 0.01 1022:1029 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 3 60 dep weeks 837:841 arg1 POST 831:834 POST 831:834 POST 831:834 Participants then completed 6 weeks of SIT 4 times per week with additional biopsies after 2 (MID) and 6 (POST) weeks of training. 28177701 6 61 theme muscle 1511:1516 arg1 adaptations 1518:1528 other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations 1460:1528 other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations 1460:1528 These results suggest that acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA relates to the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations. 28177701 7 62 theme skeletal 1713:1720 arg1 muscle 1722:1727 human skeletal muscle 1707:1727 human skeletal muscle 1707:1727 Additionally, acute mRNA responses in PGC-1α correlated with VEGFA, but not SDHA, suggesting a coordinated upregulation between PGC-1α and only some of its proposed targets in human skeletal muscle. 28177701 4 63 from PRE 970:972 arg1 content 1086:1092 glycogen content 1077:1092 glycogen content 1077:1092 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 4 63 from PRE 970:972 arg1 increases 906:914 increases 906:914 increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content 906:1092 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 4 63 from PRE 970:972 arg1 activity 923:930 SDH activity 919:930 SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) 919:1071 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 6 64 theme chronic 1494:1500 arg1 adaptations 1518:1528 other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations 1460:1528 other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations 1460:1528 These results suggest that acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA relates to the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations. 28177701 4 65 theme p 1063:1063 arg1 < 1065:1065 p < 0.01 1063:1070 p < 0.01 1063:1070 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 1 66 theme mRNA 223:226 arg1 expression 228:237 GPD1-2 mRNA expression 216:237 GPD1-2 mRNA expression 216:237 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 7 67 theme proposed 1687:1694 arg1 targets 1696:1702 its proposed targets 1683:1702 its proposed targets in human skeletal muscle 1683:1727 Additionally, acute mRNA responses in PGC-1α correlated with VEGFA, but not SDHA, suggesting a coordinated upregulation between PGC-1α and only some of its proposed targets in human skeletal muscle. 28177701 2 68 theme % 662:662 arg1 rate 688:691 ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate 658:691 ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery 658:721 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 6 69 theme other 1460:1464 arg1 adaptations 1518:1528 other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations 1460:1528 other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations 1460:1528 These results suggest that acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA relates to the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations. 28177701 5 70 theme chronic 1269:1275 arg1 adaptations 1277:1287 chronic adaptations 1269:1287 chronic adaptations to training 1269:1299 No other significant relationships were found between acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression and chronic adaptations to training. 28177701 4 71 theme r2 1052:1053 arg1 r 1042:1042 r 1042:1042 r = 0.79 1042:1049 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 4 71 theme r2 1052:1053 arg1 0.62 1057:1060 r2 = 0.62 1052:1060 r2 = 0.62 1052:1060 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 2 72 theme work 683:686 arg1 rate 688:691 ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate 658:691 ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery 658:721 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 4 73 dep PRE-POST 991:998 arg1 0.81 1005:1008 r = 0.81 1001:1008 r = 0.81 1001:1008 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 4 73 dep PRE-POST 991:998 arg1 < 1024:1024 p < 0.01 1022:1029 p < 0.01 1022:1029 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 4 73 dep PRE-POST 991:998 arg1 < 1065:1065 p < 0.01 1063:1070 p < 0.01 1063:1070 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 4 73 dep PRE-POST 991:998 arg1 0.65 1016:1019 r2 = 0.65 1011:1019 r2 = 0.65 1011:1019 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 4 73 dep PRE-POST 991:998 arg1 MID-POST 1032:1039 MID-POST 1032:1039 MID-POST 1032:1039 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 4 73 dep PRE-POST 991:998 arg1 r 1042:1042 r 1042:1042 r = 0.79 1042:1049 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 4 73 dep PRE-POST 991:998 arg1 0.62 1057:1060 r2 = 0.62 1052:1060 r2 = 0.62 1052:1060 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 6 74 from capacity 1442:1449 arg1 magnitude 1378:1386 the magnitude 1374:1386 the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations 1374:1528 These results suggest that acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA relates to the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations. 28177701 0 75 from activity 84:91 arg1 muscle 111:116 human skeletal muscle 96:116 human skeletal muscle 96:116 Acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA correlates with training-induced increases in SDH activity in human skeletal muscle. 28177701 2 76 theme oxygen 669:674 arg1 rate 688:691 ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate 658:691 ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery 658:721 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 5 77 theme GPD1-2 1242:1247 arg1 expression 1254:1263 GPD1-2 mRNA expression 1242:1263 GPD1-2 mRNA expression 1242:1263 No other significant relationships were found between acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression and chronic adaptations to training. 28177701 1 78 theme fibre-type 358:367 arg1 composition 369:379 fibre-type composition 358:379 fibre-type composition 358:379 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 4 79 dep POST 985:988 arg1 to 982:983 to 982:983 to 982:983 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 4 79 dep POST 985:988 arg1 PRE-POST 991:998 PRE-POST 991:998 PRE-POST 991:998 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 7 80 from responses 1556:1564 arg1 PGC-1α 1569:1574 PGC-1α 1569:1574 PGC-1α 1569:1574 Additionally, acute mRNA responses in PGC-1α correlated with VEGFA, but not SDHA, suggesting a coordinated upregulation between PGC-1α and only some of its proposed targets in human skeletal muscle. 28177701 6 81 theme acute 1329:1333 arg1 upregulation 1335:1346 acute upregulation 1329:1346 acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA 1329:1361 These results suggest that acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA relates to the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations. 28177701 2 82 theme training 618:625 arg1 bout 594:597 an acute bout 585:597 an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery) 585:722 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 2 83 theme 20-s 640:643 arg1 intervals 645:653 eight 20-s intervals 634:653 eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery 634:721 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 3 84 with week 780:783 arg1 biopsies 801:808 additional biopsies 790:808 additional biopsies after 2 (MID) and 6 (POST) weeks of training 790:853 Participants then completed 6 weeks of SIT 4 times per week with additional biopsies after 2 (MID) and 6 (POST) weeks of training. 28177701 6 85 theme subsequent 1391:1400 arg1 increases 1419:1427 subsequent training-induced increases 1391:1427 subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations 1391:1528 These results suggest that acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA relates to the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations. 28177701 4 86 theme r2 1122:1123 arg1 0.36 1127:1130 r2 = 0.36 1122:1130 r2 = 0.36 1122:1130 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 1 87 theme study 146:150 arg1 purpose 123:129 The purpose 119:129 The purpose of the present study 119:150 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 3 88 theme SIT 764:766 arg1 weeks 755:759 6 weeks 753:759 6 weeks of SIT 4 times per week with additional biopsies after 2 (MID) and 6 (POST) weeks of training 753:853 Participants then completed 6 weeks of SIT 4 times per week with additional biopsies after 2 (MID) and 6 (POST) weeks of training. 28177701 4 89 theme = 1014:1014 arg1 0.65 1016:1019 r2 = 0.65 1011:1019 r2 = 0.65 1011:1019 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 0 90 theme human 96:100 arg1 muscle 111:116 human skeletal muscle 96:116 human skeletal muscle 96:116 Acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA correlates with training-induced increases in SDH activity in human skeletal muscle. 28177701 1 91 theme substrate 320:328 arg1 storage 330:336 substrate storage 320:336 substrate storage 320:336 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 1 92 dep molecular 288:296 arg1 activity 307:314 SDH-GPD activity 299:314 SDH-GPD activity 299:314 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 1 92 dep molecular 288:296 arg1 storage 330:336 substrate storage 320:336 substrate storage 320:336 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 2 93 from rate 688:691 arg1 intervals 645:653 eight 20-s intervals 634:653 eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery 634:721 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 6 94 theme mRNA 1358:1361 arg1 upregulation 1335:1346 acute upregulation 1329:1346 acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA 1329:1361 These results suggest that acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA relates to the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations. 28177701 4 95 theme = 1003:1003 arg1 0.81 1005:1008 r = 0.81 1001:1008 r = 0.81 1001:1008 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 1 96 theme morphological 343:355 arg1 adaptations 404:414 their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations 247:414 their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training 247:433 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 3 97 dep weeks 755:759 arg1 times 770:774 4 times 768:774 6 weeks of SIT 4 times per week with additional biopsies after 2 (MID) and 6 (POST) weeks of training 753:853 Participants then completed 6 weeks of SIT 4 times per week with additional biopsies after 2 (MID) and 6 (POST) weeks of training. 28177701 2 98 theme bout 594:597 arg1 3HR 562:564 3HR 562:564 3HR 562:564 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 2 98 theme bout 594:597 arg1 completion 571:580 the completion 567:580 (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery) 561:722 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 0 99 theme PGC-1α 22:27 arg1 mRNA 29:32 PGC-1α mRNA 22:32 PGC-1α mRNA 22:32 Acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA correlates with training-induced increases in SDH activity in human skeletal muscle. 28177701 4 100 from increases 862:870 arg1 mRNA 882:885 PGC-1α mRNA 875:885 PGC-1α mRNA 875:885 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 1 101 theme chronic 264:270 arg1 adaptations 404:414 their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations 247:414 their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training 247:433 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 7 102 theme mRNA 1551:1554 arg1 responses 1556:1564 acute mRNA responses 1545:1564 acute mRNA responses in PGC-1α 1545:1574 Additionally, acute mRNA responses in PGC-1α correlated with VEGFA, but not SDHA, suggesting a coordinated upregulation between PGC-1α and only some of its proposed targets in human skeletal muscle. 28177701 4 103 dep r 1112:1112 arg1 0.36 1127:1130 r2 = 0.36 1122:1130 r2 = 0.36 1122:1130 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 4 103 dep r 1112:1112 arg1 < 1135:1135 p < 0.05 1133:1140 p < 0.05 1133:1140 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 3 104 theme additional 790:799 arg1 biopsies 801:808 additional biopsies 790:808 additional biopsies after 2 (MID) and 6 (POST) weeks of training 790:853 Participants then completed 6 weeks of SIT 4 times per week with additional biopsies after 2 (MID) and 6 (POST) weeks of training. 28177701 6 105 theme oxidative 1432:1440 arg1 capacity 1442:1449 oxidative capacity 1432:1449 oxidative capacity 1432:1449 These results suggest that acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA relates to the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations. 28177701 4 106 theme p 1133:1133 arg1 < 1135:1135 p < 0.05 1133:1140 p < 0.05 1133:1140 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 0 107 theme training-induced 50:65 arg1 increases 67:75 training-induced increases 50:75 training-induced increases in SDH activity in human skeletal muscle 50:116 Acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA correlates with training-induced increases in SDH activity in human skeletal muscle. 28177701 1 108 theme muscle 281:286 arg1 adaptations 404:414 their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations 247:414 their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training 247:433 The purpose of the present study was to determine if acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression predict their associated chronic skeletal muscle molecular (SDH-GPD activity and substrate storage) and morphological (fibre-type composition and capillary density) adaptations following training. 28177701 4 109 dep POST 1106:1109 arg1 MID 1099:1101 MID 1099:1101 MID 1099:1101 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 2 110 theme muscle 445:450 arg1 biopsies 452:459 Skeletal muscle biopsies 436:459 Skeletal muscle biopsies 436:459 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 6 111 theme increases 1419:1427 arg1 magnitude 1378:1386 the magnitude 1374:1386 the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations 1374:1528 These results suggest that acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA relates to the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations. 28177701 5 112 theme significant 1153:1163 arg1 relationships 1165:1177 No other significant relationships 1144:1177 No other significant relationships 1144:1177 No other significant relationships were found between acute responses in PGC-1α, VEGFA, SDHA, and GPD1-2 mRNA expression and chronic adaptations to training. 28177701 2 113 theme sprint 602:607 arg1 SIT 628:630 SIT 628:630 SIT 628:630 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 2 113 theme sprint 602:607 arg1 training 618:625 sprint interval training 602:625 sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery) 602:722 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 28177701 7 114 theme human 1707:1711 arg1 muscle 1722:1727 human skeletal muscle 1707:1727 human skeletal muscle 1707:1727 Additionally, acute mRNA responses in PGC-1α correlated with VEGFA, but not SDHA, suggesting a coordinated upregulation between PGC-1α and only some of its proposed targets in human skeletal muscle. 28177701 4 115 theme SDH 919:921 arg1 activity 923:930 SDH activity 919:930 SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) 919:1071 Acute increases in PGC-1α mRNA strongly predicted increases in SDH activity (a marker of oxidative capacity) from PRE and MID to POST (PRE-POST: r = 0.81, r2 = 0.65, p < 0.01; MID-POST: r = 0.79, r2 = 0.62, p < 0.01) and glycogen content from MID to POST (r = 0.60, r2 = 0.36, p < 0.05). 28177701 6 116 theme skeletal 1502:1509 arg1 adaptations 1518:1528 other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations 1460:1528 other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations 1460:1528 These results suggest that acute upregulation of PGC-1α mRNA relates to the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations. 28177701 2 117 theme Skeletal 436:443 arg1 biopsies 452:459 Skeletal muscle biopsies 436:459 Skeletal muscle biopsies 436:459 Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 14 recreationally active men (age: 22.0 ± 2.4 years) before (PRE) and 3 h after (3HR) the completion of an acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) (eight 20-s intervals at ∼170% peak oxygen uptake work rate separated by 10 s of recovery). 24789994 2 0 theme fatty 371:375 arg1 disease 383:389 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 358:389 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 358:389 Animal models have demonstrated that offspring of diet-induced obese dams develop metabolic complications, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 24789994 8 1 theme glutamate 1145:1153 arg1 dehydrogenase 1155:1167 glutamate dehydrogenase 1145:1167 glutamate dehydrogenase 1145:1167 Mitochondrial complex I and II activities were elevated, while levels of mitochondrial cytochrome c were significantly reduced and glutamate dehydrogenase was significantly increased, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. 24789994 12 2 from progression 1694:1704 arg1 offspring 1730:1738 these offspring 1724:1738 these offspring 1724:1738 Oxidative stress may play a mechanistic role in the progression of fatty liver in these offspring. 24789994 1 3 from risk 221:224 arg1 life 235:238 later life 229:238 later life 229:238 Changes in the maternal nutritional environment during fetal development can influence offspring's metabolic risk in later life. 24789994 10 4 theme protein 1408:1414 arg1 content 1416:1422 protein content 1408:1422 protein content 1408:1422 Liver glycogen and protein content were concomitantly reduced in offspring of obese dams. 24789994 6 5 theme dams 843:846 arg1 offspring 824:832 offspring 824:832 offspring of obese dams 824:846 There were no differences in body weight or adiposity at 8 wk of age; however, offspring of obese dams were hyperinsulinemic. 24789994 6 6 theme body 774:777 arg1 weight 779:784 body weight 774:784 body weight 774:784 There were no differences in body weight or adiposity at 8 wk of age; however, offspring of obese dams were hyperinsulinemic. 24789994 5 7 theme metabolism 689:698 arg1 roles 653:657 the roles 649:657 the roles of oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in contributing to fatty liver in offspring 649:742 We investigated the roles of oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in contributing to fatty liver in offspring. 24789994 4 8 dep diet 599:602 arg1 either 568:573 either 568:573 either 568:573 Female offspring of C57BL/6J dams fed either a control or obesogenic diet were studied at 8 wk of age. 24789994 2 9 theme obese 304:308 arg1 dams 310:313 diet-induced obese dams 291:313 diet-induced obese dams 291:313 Animal models have demonstrated that offspring of diet-induced obese dams develop metabolic complications, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 24789994 12 10 theme Oxidative 1642:1650 arg1 stress 1652:1657 Oxidative stress 1642:1657 Oxidative stress 1642:1657 Oxidative stress may play a mechanistic role in the progression of fatty liver in these offspring. 24789994 9 11 theme dams 1255:1258 arg1 Offspring 1236:1244 Offspring 1236:1244 Offspring of obese dams 1236:1258 Offspring of obese dams also had significantly greater hepatic lipid content, associated with increased levels of PPARγ and reduced triglyceride lipase. 24789994 7 12 theme enzyme 981:986 arg1 peroxidase-1 1000:1011 the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase-1 965:1011 the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase-1 965:1011 Oxidative damage markers were significantly increased in their livers, with reduced levels of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase-1. 24789994 5 13 theme stress 672:677 arg1 roles 653:657 the roles 649:657 the roles of oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in contributing to fatty liver in offspring 649:742 We investigated the roles of oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in contributing to fatty liver in offspring. 24789994 5 14 theme oxidative 662:670 arg1 stress 672:677 oxidative stress 662:677 oxidative stress 662:677 We investigated the roles of oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in contributing to fatty liver in offspring. 24789994 11 15 theme dams 1526:1529 arg1 offspring 1494:1502 offspring 1494:1502 offspring of diet-induced obese dams 1494:1529 In conclusion, offspring of diet-induced obese dams have disrupted liver metabolism and develop NAFLD prior to any differences in body weight or body composition. 24789994 9 16 theme greater 1283:1289 arg1 content 1305:1311 significantly greater hepatic lipid content 1269:1311 significantly greater hepatic lipid content 1269:1311 Offspring of obese dams also had significantly greater hepatic lipid content, associated with increased levels of PPARγ and reduced triglyceride lipase. 24789994 11 17 theme diet-induced 1507:1518 arg1 dams 1526:1529 diet-induced obese dams 1507:1529 diet-induced obese dams 1507:1529 In conclusion, offspring of diet-induced obese dams have disrupted liver metabolism and develop NAFLD prior to any differences in body weight or body composition. 24789994 9 18 theme lipid 1299:1303 arg1 content 1305:1311 significantly greater hepatic lipid content 1269:1311 significantly greater hepatic lipid content 1269:1311 Offspring of obese dams also had significantly greater hepatic lipid content, associated with increased levels of PPARγ and reduced triglyceride lipase. 24789994 2 19 theme Animal 241:246 arg1 models 248:253 Animal models 241:253 Animal models 241:253 Animal models have demonstrated that offspring of diet-induced obese dams develop metabolic complications, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 24789994 1 20 theme nutritional 136:146 arg1 environment 148:158 the maternal nutritional environment 123:158 the maternal nutritional environment 123:158 Changes in the maternal nutritional environment during fetal development can influence offspring's metabolic risk in later life. 24789994 12 21 theme fatty 1709:1713 arg1 liver 1715:1719 fatty liver 1709:1719 fatty liver 1709:1719 Oxidative stress may play a mechanistic role in the progression of fatty liver in these offspring. 24789994 0 22 theme offspring 69:77 arg1 liver 85:89 offspring fatty liver 69:89 offspring fatty liver 69:89 Oxidative stress and altered lipid homeostasis in the programming of offspring fatty liver by maternal obesity. 24789994 3 23 from mechanisms 426:435 arg1 offspring 446:454 young offspring 440:454 young offspring that lead to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 440:527 In this study we investigated the mechanisms in young offspring that lead to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 24789994 10 24 theme obese 1467:1471 arg1 dams 1473:1476 obese dams 1467:1476 obese dams 1467:1476 Liver glycogen and protein content were concomitantly reduced in offspring of obese dams. 24789994 9 25 contain had 1265:1267 arg2 content 1305:1311 significantly greater hepatic lipid content 1269:1311 significantly greater hepatic lipid content 1269:1311 Offspring of obese dams also had significantly greater hepatic lipid content, associated with increased levels of PPARγ and reduced triglyceride lipase. 24789994 9 25 contain had 1265:1267 arg1 Offspring 1236:1244 Offspring 1236:1244 Offspring of obese dams 1236:1258 Offspring of obese dams also had significantly greater hepatic lipid content, associated with increased levels of PPARγ and reduced triglyceride lipase. 24789994 0 26 theme liver 85:89 arg1 programming 54:64 the programming 50:64 the programming of offspring fatty liver by maternal obesity 50:109 Oxidative stress and altered lipid homeostasis in the programming of offspring fatty liver by maternal obesity. 24789994 8 27 theme Mitochondrial 1014:1026 arg1 I 1036:1036 Mitochondrial complex I 1014:1036 Mitochondrial complex I 1014:1036 Mitochondrial complex I and II activities were elevated, while levels of mitochondrial cytochrome c were significantly reduced and glutamate dehydrogenase was significantly increased, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. 24789994 0 28 theme maternal 94:101 arg1 obesity 103:109 maternal obesity 94:109 maternal obesity 94:109 Oxidative stress and altered lipid homeostasis in the programming of offspring fatty liver by maternal obesity. 24789994 8 29 theme I 1036:1036 arg1 activities 1045:1054 Mitochondrial complex I and II activities 1014:1054 Mitochondrial complex I and II activities 1014:1054 Mitochondrial complex I and II activities were elevated, while levels of mitochondrial cytochrome c were significantly reduced and glutamate dehydrogenase was significantly increased, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. 24789994 3 30 theme young 440:444 arg1 offspring 446:454 young offspring 440:454 young offspring that lead to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 440:527 In this study we investigated the mechanisms in young offspring that lead to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 24789994 0 31 theme Oxidative 0:8 arg1 stress 10:15 Oxidative stress 0:15 Oxidative stress 0:15 Oxidative stress and altered lipid homeostasis in the programming of offspring fatty liver by maternal obesity. 24789994 9 32 theme PPARγ 1350:1354 arg1 levels 1340:1345 increased levels 1330:1345 increased levels of PPARγ 1330:1354 Offspring of obese dams also had significantly greater hepatic lipid content, associated with increased levels of PPARγ and reduced triglyceride lipase. 24789994 9 32 theme PPARγ 1350:1354 arg1 lipase 1381:1386 reduced triglyceride lipase 1360:1386 reduced triglyceride lipase 1360:1386 Offspring of obese dams also had significantly greater hepatic lipid content, associated with increased levels of PPARγ and reduced triglyceride lipase. 24789994 8 33 theme II 1042:1043 arg1 activities 1045:1054 Mitochondrial complex I and II activities 1014:1054 Mitochondrial complex I and II activities 1014:1054 Mitochondrial complex I and II activities were elevated, while levels of mitochondrial cytochrome c were significantly reduced and glutamate dehydrogenase was significantly increased, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. 24789994 4 34 theme dams 559:562 arg1 offspring 537:545 Female offspring 530:545 Female offspring of C57BL/6J dams fed either a control or obesogenic diet 530:602 Female offspring of C57BL/6J dams fed either a control or obesogenic diet were studied at 8 wk of age. 24789994 9 35 theme reduced 1360:1366 arg1 lipase 1381:1386 reduced triglyceride lipase 1360:1386 reduced triglyceride lipase 1360:1386 Offspring of obese dams also had significantly greater hepatic lipid content, associated with increased levels of PPARγ and reduced triglyceride lipase. 24789994 12 36 theme mechanistic 1670:1680 arg1 role 1682:1685 a mechanistic role 1668:1685 a mechanistic role 1668:1685 Oxidative stress may play a mechanistic role in the progression of fatty liver in these offspring. 24789994 0 37 theme lipid 29:33 arg1 homeostasis 35:45 altered lipid homeostasis 21:45 altered lipid homeostasis 21:45 Oxidative stress and altered lipid homeostasis in the programming of offspring fatty liver by maternal obesity. 24789994 4 38 theme Female 530:535 arg1 offspring 537:545 Female offspring 530:545 Female offspring of C57BL/6J dams fed either a control or obesogenic diet 530:602 Female offspring of C57BL/6J dams fed either a control or obesogenic diet were studied at 8 wk of age. 24789994 11 39 theme body 1624:1627 arg1 composition 1629:1639 body composition 1624:1639 body composition 1624:1639 In conclusion, offspring of diet-induced obese dams have disrupted liver metabolism and develop NAFLD prior to any differences in body weight or body composition. 24789994 3 40 theme liver 507:511 arg1 NAFLD 522:526 NAFLD 522:526 NAFLD 522:526 In this study we investigated the mechanisms in young offspring that lead to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 24789994 3 40 theme liver 507:511 arg1 disease 513:519 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 488:519 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 488:527 In this study we investigated the mechanisms in young offspring that lead to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 24789994 6 41 theme age 810:812 arg1 wk 804:805 8 wk 802:805 8 wk of age 802:812 There were no differences in body weight or adiposity at 8 wk of age; however, offspring of obese dams were hyperinsulinemic. 24789994 3 42 theme nonalcoholic 488:499 arg1 NAFLD 522:526 NAFLD 522:526 NAFLD 522:526 In this study we investigated the mechanisms in young offspring that lead to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 24789994 3 42 theme nonalcoholic 488:499 arg1 disease 513:519 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 488:519 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 488:527 In this study we investigated the mechanisms in young offspring that lead to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 24789994 7 43 theme damage 881:886 arg1 markers 888:894 Oxidative damage markers 871:894 Oxidative damage markers 871:894 Oxidative damage markers were significantly increased in their livers, with reduced levels of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase-1. 24789994 8 44 theme mitochondrial 1087:1099 arg1 c 1112:1112 mitochondrial cytochrome c 1087:1112 mitochondrial cytochrome c 1087:1112 Mitochondrial complex I and II activities were elevated, while levels of mitochondrial cytochrome c were significantly reduced and glutamate dehydrogenase was significantly increased, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. 24789994 10 45 theme Liver 1389:1393 arg1 glycogen 1395:1402 Liver glycogen 1389:1402 Liver glycogen 1389:1402 Liver glycogen and protein content were concomitantly reduced in offspring of obese dams. 24789994 8 46 theme c 1112:1112 arg1 levels 1077:1082 levels 1077:1082 levels of mitochondrial cytochrome c 1077:1112 Mitochondrial complex I and II activities were elevated, while levels of mitochondrial cytochrome c were significantly reduced and glutamate dehydrogenase was significantly increased, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. 24789994 2 47 theme liver 377:381 arg1 disease 383:389 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 358:389 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 358:389 Animal models have demonstrated that offspring of diet-induced obese dams develop metabolic complications, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 24789994 4 48 theme control 577:583 arg1 diet 599:602 either a control or obesogenic diet 568:602 diet 599:602 Female offspring of C57BL/6J dams fed either a control or obesogenic diet were studied at 8 wk of age. 24789994 11 49 theme prior 1581:1585 arg1 NAFLD 1575:1579 NAFLD 1575:1579 NAFLD prior to any differences in body weight or body composition 1575:1639 In conclusion, offspring of diet-induced obese dams have disrupted liver metabolism and develop NAFLD prior to any differences in body weight or body composition. 24789994 2 50 theme diet-induced 291:302 arg1 dams 310:313 diet-induced obese dams 291:313 diet-induced obese dams 291:313 Animal models have demonstrated that offspring of diet-induced obese dams develop metabolic complications, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 24789994 4 51 theme obesogenic 588:597 arg1 diet 599:602 either a control or obesogenic diet 568:602 diet 599:602 Female offspring of C57BL/6J dams fed either a control or obesogenic diet were studied at 8 wk of age. 24789994 2 52 theme nonalcoholic 358:369 arg1 disease 383:389 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 358:389 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 358:389 Animal models have demonstrated that offspring of diet-induced obese dams develop metabolic complications, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 24789994 1 53 theme fetal 167:171 arg1 development 173:183 fetal development 167:183 fetal development 167:183 Changes in the maternal nutritional environment during fetal development can influence offspring's metabolic risk in later life. 24789994 6 54 theme obese 837:841 arg1 dams 843:846 obese dams 837:846 obese dams 837:846 There were no differences in body weight or adiposity at 8 wk of age; however, offspring of obese dams were hyperinsulinemic. 24789994 2 55 theme metabolic 323:331 arg1 complications 333:345 metabolic complications 323:345 metabolic complications 323:345 Animal models have demonstrated that offspring of diet-induced obese dams develop metabolic complications, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 24789994 2 55 theme metabolic 323:331 arg1 disease 383:389 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 358:389 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 358:389 Animal models have demonstrated that offspring of diet-induced obese dams develop metabolic complications, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 24789994 5 56 theme lipid 683:687 arg1 metabolism 689:698 lipid metabolism 683:698 lipid metabolism 683:698 We investigated the roles of oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in contributing to fatty liver in offspring. 24789994 2 57 theme dams 310:313 arg1 offspring 278:286 offspring 278:286 offspring of diet-induced obese dams 278:313 Animal models have demonstrated that offspring of diet-induced obese dams develop metabolic complications, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 24789994 9 58 theme obese 1249:1253 arg1 dams 1255:1258 obese dams 1249:1258 obese dams 1249:1258 Offspring of obese dams also had significantly greater hepatic lipid content, associated with increased levels of PPARγ and reduced triglyceride lipase. 24789994 1 59 theme metabolic 211:219 arg1 risk 221:224 offspring's metabolic risk 199:224 offspring's metabolic risk in later life 199:238 Changes in the maternal nutritional environment during fetal development can influence offspring's metabolic risk in later life. 24789994 8 60 theme mitochondrial 1209:1221 arg1 dysfunction 1223:1233 mitochondrial dysfunction 1209:1233 mitochondrial dysfunction 1209:1233 Mitochondrial complex I and II activities were elevated, while levels of mitochondrial cytochrome c were significantly reduced and glutamate dehydrogenase was significantly increased, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. 24789994 4 61 theme age 628:630 arg1 wk 622:623 8 wk 620:623 8 wk of age 620:630 Female offspring of C57BL/6J dams fed either a control or obesogenic diet were studied at 8 wk of age. 24789994 7 62 theme glutathione 988:998 arg1 peroxidase-1 1000:1011 the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase-1 965:1011 the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase-1 965:1011 Oxidative damage markers were significantly increased in their livers, with reduced levels of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase-1. 24789994 11 63 theme obese 1520:1524 arg1 dams 1526:1529 diet-induced obese dams 1507:1529 diet-induced obese dams 1507:1529 In conclusion, offspring of diet-induced obese dams have disrupted liver metabolism and develop NAFLD prior to any differences in body weight or body composition. 24789994 7 64 theme peroxidase-1 1000:1011 arg1 levels 955:960 reduced levels 947:960 reduced levels of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase-1 947:1011 Oxidative damage markers were significantly increased in their livers, with reduced levels of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase-1. 24789994 7 65 theme antioxidant 969:979 arg1 peroxidase-1 1000:1011 the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase-1 965:1011 the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase-1 965:1011 Oxidative damage markers were significantly increased in their livers, with reduced levels of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase-1. 24789994 11 66 from differences 1594:1604 arg1 weight 1614:1619 body weight 1609:1619 body weight 1609:1619 In conclusion, offspring of diet-induced obese dams have disrupted liver metabolism and develop NAFLD prior to any differences in body weight or body composition. 24789994 11 66 from differences 1594:1604 arg1 composition 1629:1639 body composition 1624:1639 body composition 1624:1639 In conclusion, offspring of diet-induced obese dams have disrupted liver metabolism and develop NAFLD prior to any differences in body weight or body composition. 24789994 9 67 theme hepatic 1291:1297 arg1 content 1305:1311 significantly greater hepatic lipid content 1269:1311 significantly greater hepatic lipid content 1269:1311 Offspring of obese dams also had significantly greater hepatic lipid content, associated with increased levels of PPARγ and reduced triglyceride lipase. 24789994 11 68 theme disrupted 1536:1544 arg1 metabolism 1552:1561 disrupted liver metabolism 1536:1561 disrupted liver metabolism 1536:1561 In conclusion, offspring of diet-induced obese dams have disrupted liver metabolism and develop NAFLD prior to any differences in body weight or body composition. 24789994 1 69 theme maternal 127:134 arg1 environment 148:158 the maternal nutritional environment 123:158 the maternal nutritional environment 123:158 Changes in the maternal nutritional environment during fetal development can influence offspring's metabolic risk in later life. 24789994 11 70 theme liver 1546:1550 arg1 metabolism 1552:1561 disrupted liver metabolism 1536:1561 disrupted liver metabolism 1536:1561 In conclusion, offspring of diet-induced obese dams have disrupted liver metabolism and develop NAFLD prior to any differences in body weight or body composition. 24789994 5 71 theme fatty 719:723 arg1 liver 725:729 fatty liver 719:729 fatty liver in offspring 719:742 We investigated the roles of oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in contributing to fatty liver in offspring. 24789994 0 72 theme fatty 79:83 arg1 liver 85:89 offspring fatty liver 69:89 offspring fatty liver 69:89 Oxidative stress and altered lipid homeostasis in the programming of offspring fatty liver by maternal obesity. 24789994 7 73 theme reduced 947:953 arg1 levels 955:960 reduced levels 947:960 reduced levels of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase-1 947:1011 Oxidative damage markers were significantly increased in their livers, with reduced levels of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase-1. 24789994 0 74 from stress 10:15 arg1 programming 54:64 the programming 50:64 the programming of offspring fatty liver by maternal obesity 50:109 Oxidative stress and altered lipid homeostasis in the programming of offspring fatty liver by maternal obesity. 24789994 10 75 theme dams 1473:1476 arg1 offspring 1454:1462 offspring 1454:1462 offspring of obese dams 1454:1476 Liver glycogen and protein content were concomitantly reduced in offspring of obese dams. 24789994 5 76 from liver 725:729 arg1 offspring 734:742 offspring 734:742 offspring 734:742 We investigated the roles of oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in contributing to fatty liver in offspring. 24789994 8 77 theme complex 1028:1034 arg1 I 1036:1036 Mitochondrial complex I 1014:1036 Mitochondrial complex I 1014:1036 Mitochondrial complex I and II activities were elevated, while levels of mitochondrial cytochrome c were significantly reduced and glutamate dehydrogenase was significantly increased, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. 24789994 12 78 theme liver 1715:1719 arg1 progression 1694:1704 the progression 1690:1704 the progression of fatty liver in these offspring 1690:1738 Oxidative stress may play a mechanistic role in the progression of fatty liver in these offspring. 24789994 9 79 theme increased 1330:1338 arg1 levels 1340:1345 increased levels 1330:1345 increased levels of PPARγ 1330:1354 Offspring of obese dams also had significantly greater hepatic lipid content, associated with increased levels of PPARγ and reduced triglyceride lipase. 24789994 0 80 from homeostasis 35:45 arg1 programming 54:64 the programming 50:64 the programming of offspring fatty liver by maternal obesity 50:109 Oxidative stress and altered lipid homeostasis in the programming of offspring fatty liver by maternal obesity. 24789994 0 81 theme altered 21:27 arg1 homeostasis 35:45 altered lipid homeostasis 21:45 altered lipid homeostasis 21:45 Oxidative stress and altered lipid homeostasis in the programming of offspring fatty liver by maternal obesity. 24789994 1 82 from Changes 112:118 arg1 environment 148:158 the maternal nutritional environment 123:158 the maternal nutritional environment 123:158 Changes in the maternal nutritional environment during fetal development can influence offspring's metabolic risk in later life. 24789994 9 83 theme triglyceride 1368:1379 arg1 lipase 1381:1386 reduced triglyceride lipase 1360:1386 reduced triglyceride lipase 1360:1386 Offspring of obese dams also had significantly greater hepatic lipid content, associated with increased levels of PPARγ and reduced triglyceride lipase. 24789994 11 84 contain have 1531:1534 arg2 metabolism 1552:1561 disrupted liver metabolism 1536:1561 disrupted liver metabolism 1536:1561 In conclusion, offspring of diet-induced obese dams have disrupted liver metabolism and develop NAFLD prior to any differences in body weight or body composition. 24789994 11 84 contain have 1531:1534 arg1 offspring 1494:1502 offspring 1494:1502 offspring of diet-induced obese dams 1494:1529 In conclusion, offspring of diet-induced obese dams have disrupted liver metabolism and develop NAFLD prior to any differences in body weight or body composition. 24789994 4 85 theme C57BL/6J 550:557 arg1 dams 559:562 C57BL/6J dams 550:562 C57BL/6J dams fed either a control or obesogenic diet 550:602 Female offspring of C57BL/6J dams fed either a control or obesogenic diet were studied at 8 wk of age. 24789994 11 86 theme body 1609:1612 arg1 weight 1614:1619 body weight 1609:1619 body weight 1609:1619 In conclusion, offspring of diet-induced obese dams have disrupted liver metabolism and develop NAFLD prior to any differences in body weight or body composition. 24789994 3 87 theme disease 513:519 arg1 development 473:483 the development 469:483 the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 469:527 In this study we investigated the mechanisms in young offspring that lead to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 24789994 7 88 theme Oxidative 871:879 arg1 damage 881:886 Oxidative damage 871:886 Oxidative damage markers 871:894 Oxidative damage markers were significantly increased in their livers, with reduced levels of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase-1. 24789994 8 89 theme cytochrome 1101:1110 arg1 c 1112:1112 mitochondrial cytochrome c 1087:1112 mitochondrial cytochrome c 1087:1112 Mitochondrial complex I and II activities were elevated, while levels of mitochondrial cytochrome c were significantly reduced and glutamate dehydrogenase was significantly increased, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. 24789994 3 90 theme fatty 501:505 arg1 NAFLD 522:526 NAFLD 522:526 NAFLD 522:526 In this study we investigated the mechanisms in young offspring that lead to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 24789994 3 90 theme fatty 501:505 arg1 disease 513:519 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 488:519 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 488:527 In this study we investigated the mechanisms in young offspring that lead to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 24789994 1 91 theme later 229:233 arg1 life 235:238 later life 229:238 later life 229:238 Changes in the maternal nutritional environment during fetal development can influence offspring's metabolic risk in later life. 27231347 3 0 theme site 632:635 arg1 mutation 611:618 mutation 611:618 mutation of the GATA site to GAGA 611:643 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 1 1 theme silencing 148:156 arg1 mode 126:129 One mode 122:129 One mode of γ-globin gene silencing 122:156 One mode of γ-globin gene silencing involves a GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex that binds to the -566 GATA site relative to the (A)γ-globin gene cap site. 27231347 5 2 theme β-YAC 1073:1077 arg1 liver 1102:1106 postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver 1044:1106 postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver 1044:1106 In addition, OGT and Mi2β recruitment is increased at the (A)γ-globin promoter when γ-globin becomes repressed in postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver. 27231347 3 3 theme artificial 725:734 arg1 cells 767:771 β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells 704:771 β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells 704:771 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 0 4 theme Mi2β 82:85 arg1 Protein 87:93 Mi2β Protein 82:93 Mi2β Protein 82:93 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Transferase and O-GlcNAcase Interact with Mi2β Protein at the Aγ-Globin Promoter. 27231347 6 5 mod modified 1143:1150 arg3 O-GlcNAc 1157:1164 O-GlcNAc 1157:1164 O-GlcNAc 1157:1164 Furthermore, we show that Mi2β is modified with O-GlcNAc, and both OGT and OGA interact with Mi2β, GATA-1, and FOG-1. 27231347 6 5 mod modified 1143:1150 arg1 Mi2β 1135:1138 Mi2β 1135:1138 Mi2β 1135:1138 Furthermore, we show that Mi2β is modified with O-GlcNAc, and both OGT and OGA interact with Mi2β, GATA-1, and FOG-1. 27231347 3 6 from OGT 667:669 arg1 cells 767:771 β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells 704:771 β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells 704:771 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 7 7 theme γ-globin 1305:1312 arg1 regulation 1319:1328 γ-globin gene regulation 1305:1328 γ-globin gene regulation mediated by modulating the assembly of the GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex at the -566 GATA motif within the promoter 1305:1450 Taken together, our data suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is a novel mechanism of γ-globin gene regulation mediated by modulating the assembly of the GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex at the -566 GATA motif within the promoter. 27231347 3 8 theme marrow 760:765 arg1 cells 767:771 β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells 704:771 β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells 704:771 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 3 9 theme chromosome 736:745 arg1 cells 767:771 β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells 704:771 β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells 704:771 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 4 10 theme OGA 827:829 arg1 Thiamet-G 841:849 the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G 823:849 the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G 823:849 When WT β-YAC bone marrow cells are treated with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G, the occupancy of OGT, OGA, and Mi2β at the (A)γ-globin promoter is increased. 27231347 5 11 theme mouse 1090:1094 arg1 liver 1102:1106 postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver 1044:1106 postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver 1044:1106 In addition, OGT and Mi2β recruitment is increased at the (A)γ-globin promoter when γ-globin becomes repressed in postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver. 27231347 3 12 theme locus 713:717 arg1 cells 767:771 β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells 704:771 β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells 704:771 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 7 13 theme -566 1416:1419 arg1 motif 1426:1430 the -566 GATA motif 1412:1430 the -566 GATA motif within the promoter 1412:1450 Taken together, our data suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is a novel mechanism of γ-globin gene regulation mediated by modulating the assembly of the GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex at the -566 GATA motif within the promoter. 27231347 4 14 theme Mi2β 883:886 arg1 occupancy 856:864 the occupancy 852:864 the occupancy of OGT, OGA, and Mi2β at the (A)γ-globin promoter 852:914 When WT β-YAC bone marrow cells are treated with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G, the occupancy of OGT, OGA, and Mi2β at the (A)γ-globin promoter is increased. 27231347 2 15 theme repressor 316:324 arg1 complex 326:332 this repressor complex 311:332 this repressor complex 311:332 However, the mechanism of how this repressor complex is assembled at the -566 GATA site is unknown. 27231347 1 16 theme A 255:255 arg1 site 275:278 the (A)γ-globin gene cap site 250:278 the (A)γ-globin gene cap site 250:278 One mode of γ-globin gene silencing involves a GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex that binds to the -566 GATA site relative to the (A)γ-globin gene cap site. 27231347 3 17 theme GATA 627:630 arg1 site 632:635 the GATA site 623:635 the GATA site 623:635 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 4 18 gly occupancy 856:864 arg2 OGT 869:871 OGT 869:871 OGT 869:871 When WT β-YAC bone marrow cells are treated with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G, the occupancy of OGT, OGA, and Mi2β at the (A)γ-globin promoter is increased. 27231347 4 18 gly occupancy 856:864 arg2 Mi2β 883:886 Mi2β 883:886 Mi2β 883:886 When WT β-YAC bone marrow cells are treated with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G, the occupancy of OGT, OGA, and Mi2β at the (A)γ-globin promoter is increased. 27231347 4 18 gly occupancy 856:864 arg2 OGA 874:876 OGA 874:876 OGA 874:876 When WT β-YAC bone marrow cells are treated with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G, the occupancy of OGT, OGA, and Mi2β at the (A)γ-globin promoter is increased. 27231347 2 19 theme -566 354:357 arg1 site 364:367 the -566 GATA site 350:367 the -566 GATA site 350:367 However, the mechanism of how this repressor complex is assembled at the -566 GATA site is unknown. 27231347 0 20 theme Aγ-Globin 102:110 arg1 Promoter 112:119 the Aγ-Globin Promoter 98:119 the Aγ-Globin Promoter 98:119 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Transferase and O-GlcNAcase Interact with Mi2β Protein at the Aγ-Globin Promoter. 27231347 5 21 theme Mi2β 951:954 arg1 recruitment 956:966 Mi2β recruitment 951:966 Mi2β recruitment 951:966 In addition, OGT and Mi2β recruitment is increased at the (A)γ-globin promoter when γ-globin becomes repressed in postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver. 27231347 3 22 theme β-globin 704:711 arg1 cells 767:771 β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells 704:771 β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells 704:771 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 1 23 theme GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β 169:185 arg1 complex 197:203 a GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex 167:203 a GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex that binds to the -566 GATA site relative to the (A)γ-globin gene cap site 167:278 One mode of γ-globin gene silencing involves a GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex that binds to the -566 GATA site relative to the (A)γ-globin gene cap site. 27231347 0 24 theme N-Acetylglucosamine 9:27 arg1 Transferase 40:50 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Transferase 0:50 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Transferase 0:50 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Transferase and O-GlcNAcase Interact with Mi2β Protein at the Aγ-Globin Promoter. 27231347 7 25 theme GATA 1421:1424 arg1 motif 1426:1430 the -566 GATA motif 1412:1430 the -566 GATA motif within the promoter 1412:1450 Taken together, our data suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is a novel mechanism of γ-globin gene regulation mediated by modulating the assembly of the GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex at the -566 GATA motif within the promoter. 27231347 5 26 theme day 1059:1061 arg1 liver 1102:1106 postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver 1044:1106 postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver 1044:1106 In addition, OGT and Mi2β recruitment is increased at the (A)γ-globin promoter when γ-globin becomes repressed in postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver. 27231347 3 27 from interactions 688:699 arg1 cells 767:771 β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells 704:771 β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells 704:771 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 1 28 theme repressor 187:195 arg1 complex 197:203 a GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex 167:203 a GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex that binds to the -566 GATA site relative to the (A)γ-globin gene cap site 167:278 One mode of γ-globin gene silencing involves a GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex that binds to the -566 GATA site relative to the (A)γ-globin gene cap site. 27231347 0 29 theme O-Linked 0:7 arg1 O-GlcNAc 30:37 O-GlcNAc 30:37 O-GlcNAc 30:37 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Transferase and O-GlcNAcase Interact with Mi2β Protein at the Aγ-Globin Promoter. 27231347 0 29 theme O-Linked 0:7 arg1 N-Acetylglucosamine 9:27 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine 0:27 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Transferase 0:50 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Transferase and O-GlcNAcase Interact with Mi2β Protein at the Aγ-Globin Promoter. 27231347 7 30 theme complex 1401:1407 arg1 assembly 1357:1364 the assembly 1353:1364 the assembly of the GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex 1353:1407 Taken together, our data suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is a novel mechanism of γ-globin gene regulation mediated by modulating the assembly of the GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex at the -566 GATA motif within the promoter. 27231347 7 31 theme novel 1286:1290 arg1 mechanism 1292:1300 a novel mechanism 1284:1300 a novel mechanism of γ-globin gene regulation mediated by modulating the assembly of the GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex at the -566 GATA motif within the promoter 1284:1450 Taken together, our data suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is a novel mechanism of γ-globin gene regulation mediated by modulating the assembly of the GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex at the -566 GATA motif within the promoter. 27231347 7 31 theme novel 1286:1290 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1265:1279 O-GlcNAcylation 1265:1279 O-GlcNAcylation 1265:1279 Taken together, our data suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is a novel mechanism of γ-globin gene regulation mediated by modulating the assembly of the GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex at the -566 GATA motif within the promoter. 27231347 7 32 theme regulation 1319:1328 arg1 mechanism 1292:1300 a novel mechanism 1284:1300 a novel mechanism of γ-globin gene regulation mediated by modulating the assembly of the GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex at the -566 GATA motif within the promoter 1284:1450 Taken together, our data suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is a novel mechanism of γ-globin gene regulation mediated by modulating the assembly of the GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex at the -566 GATA motif within the promoter. 27231347 7 32 theme regulation 1319:1328 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1265:1279 O-GlcNAcylation 1265:1279 O-GlcNAcylation 1265:1279 Taken together, our data suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is a novel mechanism of γ-globin gene regulation mediated by modulating the assembly of the GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex at the -566 GATA motif within the promoter. 27231347 5 33 theme postconception 1044:1057 arg1 liver 1102:1106 postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver 1044:1106 postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver 1044:1106 In addition, OGT and Mi2β recruitment is increased at the (A)γ-globin promoter when γ-globin becomes repressed in postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver. 27231347 1 34 theme γ-globin 257:264 arg1 site 275:278 the (A)γ-globin gene cap site 250:278 the (A)γ-globin gene cap site 250:278 One mode of γ-globin gene silencing involves a GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex that binds to the -566 GATA site relative to the (A)γ-globin gene cap site. 27231347 4 35 theme inhibitor 831:839 arg1 Thiamet-G 841:849 the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G 823:849 the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G 823:849 When WT β-YAC bone marrow cells are treated with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G, the occupancy of OGT, OGA, and Mi2β at the (A)γ-globin promoter is increased. 27231347 4 36 from promoter 907:914 arg1 occupancy 856:864 the occupancy 852:864 the occupancy of OGT, OGA, and Mi2β at the (A)γ-globin promoter 852:914 When WT β-YAC bone marrow cells are treated with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G, the occupancy of OGT, OGA, and Mi2β at the (A)γ-globin promoter is increased. 27231347 3 37 theme yeast 719:723 arg1 cells 767:771 β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells 704:771 β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells 704:771 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 1 38 theme gene 266:269 arg1 site 275:278 the (A)γ-globin gene cap site 250:278 the (A)γ-globin gene cap site 250:278 One mode of γ-globin gene silencing involves a GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex that binds to the -566 GATA site relative to the (A)γ-globin gene cap site. 27231347 5 39 theme γ-globin 991:998 arg1 promoter 1000:1007 (A)γ-globin promoter 988:1007 the (A)γ-globin promoter 984:1007 In addition, OGT and Mi2β recruitment is increased at the (A)γ-globin promoter when γ-globin becomes repressed in postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver. 27231347 5 40 theme transgenic 1079:1088 arg1 liver 1102:1106 postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver 1044:1106 postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver 1044:1106 In addition, OGT and Mi2β recruitment is increased at the (A)γ-globin promoter when γ-globin becomes repressed in postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver. 27231347 1 41 theme γ-globin 134:141 arg1 silencing 148:156 γ-globin gene silencing 134:156 γ-globin gene silencing 134:156 One mode of γ-globin gene silencing involves a GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex that binds to the -566 GATA site relative to the (A)γ-globin gene cap site. 27231347 3 42 from site 596:599 arg1 promoter 560:567 the (A)γ-globin promoter 544:567 the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site 544:599 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 1 43 theme cap 271:273 arg1 site 275:278 the (A)γ-globin gene cap site 250:278 the (A)γ-globin gene cap site 250:278 One mode of γ-globin gene silencing involves a GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex that binds to the -566 GATA site relative to the (A)γ-globin gene cap site. 27231347 7 44 theme gene 1314:1317 arg1 regulation 1319:1328 γ-globin gene regulation 1305:1328 γ-globin gene regulation mediated by modulating the assembly of the GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex at the -566 GATA motif within the promoter 1305:1450 Taken together, our data suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is a novel mechanism of γ-globin gene regulation mediated by modulating the assembly of the GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex at the -566 GATA motif within the promoter. 27231347 4 45 theme γ-globin 898:905 arg1 promoter 907:914 the (A)γ-globin promoter 891:914 the (A)γ-globin promoter 891:914 When WT β-YAC bone marrow cells are treated with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G, the occupancy of OGT, OGA, and Mi2β at the (A)γ-globin promoter is increased. 27231347 5 46 dep promoter 1000:1007 arg1 A 989:989 A 989:989 A 989:989 In addition, OGT and Mi2β recruitment is increased at the (A)γ-globin promoter when γ-globin becomes repressed in postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver. 27231347 4 47 theme OGT 869:871 arg1 occupancy 856:864 the occupancy 852:864 the occupancy of OGT, OGA, and Mi2β at the (A)γ-globin promoter 852:914 When WT β-YAC bone marrow cells are treated with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G, the occupancy of OGT, OGA, and Mi2β at the (A)γ-globin promoter is increased. 27231347 3 48 dep promoter 560:567 arg1 A 549:549 A 549:549 A 549:549 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 2 49 theme GATA 359:362 arg1 site 364:367 the -566 GATA site 350:367 the -566 GATA site 350:367 However, the mechanism of how this repressor complex is assembled at the -566 GATA site is unknown. 27231347 7 50 theme GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β 1373:1389 arg1 complex 1401:1407 the GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex 1369:1407 the GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex 1369:1407 Taken together, our data suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is a novel mechanism of γ-globin gene regulation mediated by modulating the assembly of the GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex at the -566 GATA motif within the promoter. 27231347 3 51 theme OGA 675:677 arg1 interactions 688:699 OGA promoter interactions 675:699 OGA promoter interactions 675:699 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 4 52 theme β-YAC 782:786 arg1 cells 800:804 WT β-YAC bone marrow cells 779:804 WT β-YAC bone marrow cells 779:804 When WT β-YAC bone marrow cells are treated with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G, the occupancy of OGT, OGA, and Mi2β at the (A)γ-globin promoter is increased. 27231347 3 53 theme γ-globin 551:558 arg1 promoter 560:567 the (A)γ-globin promoter 544:567 the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site 544:599 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 4 54 dep promoter 907:914 arg1 A 896:896 A 896:896 A 896:896 When WT β-YAC bone marrow cells are treated with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G, the occupancy of OGT, OGA, and Mi2β at the (A)γ-globin promoter is increased. 27231347 3 55 theme N-acetylglucosamine 429:447 arg1 O-GlcNAcase 511:521 O-GlcNAcase 511:521 O-GlcNAcase (OGA) 511:527 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 3 55 theme N-acetylglucosamine 429:447 arg1 O-GlcNAc-transferase 480:499 O-GlcNAc-transferase 480:499 O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) 480:505 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 3 55 theme N-acetylglucosamine 429:447 arg1 enzymes 471:477 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes 416:477 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes 416:477 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 4 56 theme OGA 874:876 arg1 occupancy 856:864 the occupancy 852:864 the occupancy of OGT, OGA, and Mi2β at the (A)γ-globin promoter 852:914 When WT β-YAC bone marrow cells are treated with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G, the occupancy of OGT, OGA, and Mi2β at the (A)γ-globin promoter is increased. 27231347 7 57 theme repressor 1391:1399 arg1 complex 1401:1407 the GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex 1369:1407 the GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex 1369:1407 Taken together, our data suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is a novel mechanism of γ-globin gene regulation mediated by modulating the assembly of the GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex at the -566 GATA motif within the promoter. 27231347 3 58 link O-linked 420:427 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 429:447 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 416:447 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes 416:477 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 3 58 link O-linked 420:427 arg1 O-GlcNAc 450:457 O-GlcNAc 450:457 O-GlcNAc 450:457 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 3 59 theme GATA 581:584 arg1 site 596:599 the -566 GATA repressor site 572:599 the -566 GATA repressor site 572:599 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 5 60 theme fetal 1096:1100 arg1 liver 1102:1106 postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver 1044:1106 postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver 1044:1106 In addition, OGT and Mi2β recruitment is increased at the (A)γ-globin promoter when γ-globin becomes repressed in postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver. 27231347 4 61 theme WT 779:780 arg1 cells 800:804 WT β-YAC bone marrow cells 779:804 WT β-YAC bone marrow cells 779:804 When WT β-YAC bone marrow cells are treated with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G, the occupancy of OGT, OGA, and Mi2β at the (A)γ-globin promoter is increased. 27231347 4 62 theme marrow 793:798 arg1 cells 800:804 WT β-YAC bone marrow cells 779:804 WT β-YAC bone marrow cells 779:804 When WT β-YAC bone marrow cells are treated with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G, the occupancy of OGT, OGA, and Mi2β at the (A)γ-globin promoter is increased. 27231347 3 63 theme repressor 586:594 arg1 site 596:599 the -566 GATA repressor site 572:599 the -566 GATA repressor site 572:599 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 3 64 theme bone 755:758 arg1 cells 767:771 β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells 704:771 β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells 704:771 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 1 65 theme -566 223:226 arg1 site 233:236 the -566 GATA site 219:236 the -566 GATA site relative to the (A)γ-globin gene cap site 219:278 One mode of γ-globin gene silencing involves a GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex that binds to the -566 GATA site relative to the (A)γ-globin gene cap site. 27231347 4 66 theme bone 788:791 arg1 cells 800:804 WT β-YAC bone marrow cells 779:804 WT β-YAC bone marrow cells 779:804 When WT β-YAC bone marrow cells are treated with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet-G, the occupancy of OGT, OGA, and Mi2β at the (A)γ-globin promoter is increased. 27231347 3 67 theme O-linked 420:427 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 429:447 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 416:447 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes 416:477 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 3 67 theme O-linked 420:427 arg1 O-GlcNAc 450:457 O-GlcNAc 450:457 O-GlcNAc 450:457 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 1 68 theme GATA 228:231 arg1 site 233:236 the -566 GATA site 219:236 the -566 GATA site relative to the (A)γ-globin gene cap site 219:278 One mode of γ-globin gene silencing involves a GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex that binds to the -566 GATA site relative to the (A)γ-globin gene cap site. 27231347 3 69 theme -566 576:579 arg1 site 596:599 the -566 GATA repressor site 572:599 the -566 GATA repressor site 572:599 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 3 70 theme processing 460:469 arg1 O-GlcNAcase 511:521 O-GlcNAcase 511:521 O-GlcNAcase (OGA) 511:527 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 3 70 theme processing 460:469 arg1 O-GlcNAc-transferase 480:499 O-GlcNAc-transferase 480:499 O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) 480:505 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 3 70 theme processing 460:469 arg1 enzymes 471:477 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes 416:477 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes 416:477 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 3 71 theme β-YAC 748:752 arg1 cells 767:771 β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells 704:771 β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells 704:771 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 3 72 theme promoter 679:686 arg1 interactions 688:699 OGA promoter interactions 675:699 OGA promoter interactions 675:699 In this study, we demonstrate that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) processing enzymes, O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), interact with the (A)γ-globin promoter at the -566 GATA repressor site; however, mutation of the GATA site to GAGA significantly reduces OGT and OGA promoter interactions in β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) bone marrow cells. 27231347 5 73 theme E18 1063:1065 arg1 liver 1102:1106 postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver 1044:1106 postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver 1044:1106 In addition, OGT and Mi2β recruitment is increased at the (A)γ-globin promoter when γ-globin becomes repressed in postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver. 27231347 1 74 theme gene 143:146 arg1 silencing 148:156 γ-globin gene silencing 134:156 γ-globin gene silencing 134:156 One mode of γ-globin gene silencing involves a GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex that binds to the -566 GATA site relative to the (A)γ-globin gene cap site. 27231347 5 75 theme human 1067:1071 arg1 liver 1102:1106 postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver 1044:1106 postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver 1044:1106 In addition, OGT and Mi2β recruitment is increased at the (A)γ-globin promoter when γ-globin becomes repressed in postconception day E18 human β-YAC transgenic mouse fetal liver. 27231347 1 76 theme relative 238:245 arg1 site 233:236 the -566 GATA site 219:236 the -566 GATA site relative to the (A)γ-globin gene cap site 219:278 One mode of γ-globin gene silencing involves a GATA-1·FOG-1·Mi2β repressor complex that binds to the -566 GATA site relative to the (A)γ-globin gene cap site. 27318140 2 0 theme ob/ob 444:448 arg1 mice 450:453 ob/ob mice 444:453 the ob/ob mice model of obesity-induced diabetes 440:487 To shed light on the unknown underlying mechanisms involved in these observations, we examined the effects of CR on serum metabolic parameters and hippocampal protein expression in the ob/ob mice model of obesity-induced diabetes. 27318140 5 1 theme ob/ob 877:881 arg1 mice 883:886 ob/ob mice 877:886 ob/ob mice 877:886 Furthermore, CR lessened the learning deficits that are typically seen in ob/ob mice. 27318140 2 2 from parameters 391:400 arg1 model 455:459 the ob/ob mice model 440:459 the ob/ob mice model of obesity-induced diabetes 440:487 To shed light on the unknown underlying mechanisms involved in these observations, we examined the effects of CR on serum metabolic parameters and hippocampal protein expression in the ob/ob mice model of obesity-induced diabetes. 27318140 6 3 theme Ca 992:993 arg1 dysfunction 999:1009 intracellular Ca(2+) dysfunction 978:1009 intracellular Ca(2+) dysfunction 978:1009 These findings indicate that CR may reverse obesity-related brain glucose impairment and intracellular Ca(2+) dysfunction and relieve learning impairment associated with diabetes. 27318140 0 4 from Effects 0:6 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 34:48 O-GlcNAcylation 34:48 O-GlcNAcylation 34:48 Effects of caloric restriction on O-GlcNAcylation, Ca(2+) signaling, and learning impairment in the hippocampus of ob/ob mice. 27318140 0 4 from Effects 0:6 arg1 signaling 58:66 Ca(2+) signaling 51:66 Ca(2+) signaling 51:66 Effects of caloric restriction on O-GlcNAcylation, Ca(2+) signaling, and learning impairment in the hippocampus of ob/ob mice. 27318140 0 4 from Effects 0:6 arg1 impairment 82:91 learning impairment 73:91 learning impairment 73:91 Effects of caloric restriction on O-GlcNAcylation, Ca(2+) signaling, and learning impairment in the hippocampus of ob/ob mice. 27318140 4 5 theme kinase 755:760 arg1 expression 704:713 the expression 700:713 the expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, lipocalin-2, and phosphorylated tau 700:800 In addition, CR increased the levels of hippocampal O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and GlcNAc transferase and decreased the expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, lipocalin-2, and phosphorylated tau. 27318140 6 6 theme intracellular 978:990 arg1 Ca 992:993 intracellular Ca 978:993 intracellular Ca(2+) dysfunction 978:1009 These findings indicate that CR may reverse obesity-related brain glucose impairment and intracellular Ca(2+) dysfunction and relieve learning impairment associated with diabetes. 27318140 6 6 theme intracellular 978:990 arg1 2+ 995:996 2+ 995:996 2+ 995:996 These findings indicate that CR may reverse obesity-related brain glucose impairment and intracellular Ca(2+) dysfunction and relieve learning impairment associated with diabetes. 27318140 2 7 theme diabetes 480:487 arg1 model 455:459 the ob/ob mice model 440:459 the ob/ob mice model of obesity-induced diabetes 440:487 To shed light on the unknown underlying mechanisms involved in these observations, we examined the effects of CR on serum metabolic parameters and hippocampal protein expression in the ob/ob mice model of obesity-induced diabetes. 27318140 4 8 theme protein 747:753 arg1 kinase 755:760 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II 718:763 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II 718:763 In addition, CR increased the levels of hippocampal O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and GlcNAc transferase and decreased the expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, lipocalin-2, and phosphorylated tau. 27318140 2 9 theme obesity-induced 464:478 arg1 diabetes 480:487 obesity-induced diabetes 464:487 obesity-induced diabetes 464:487 To shed light on the unknown underlying mechanisms involved in these observations, we examined the effects of CR on serum metabolic parameters and hippocampal protein expression in the ob/ob mice model of obesity-induced diabetes. 27318140 4 10 theme tau 798:800 arg1 expression 704:713 the expression 700:713 the expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, lipocalin-2, and phosphorylated tau 700:800 In addition, CR increased the levels of hippocampal O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and GlcNAc transferase and decreased the expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, lipocalin-2, and phosphorylated tau. 27318140 0 11 theme learning 73:80 arg1 impairment 82:91 learning impairment 73:91 learning impairment 73:91 Effects of caloric restriction on O-GlcNAcylation, Ca(2+) signaling, and learning impairment in the hippocampus of ob/ob mice. 27318140 0 12 from O-GlcNAcylation 34:48 arg1 hippocampus 100:110 the hippocampus 96:110 the hippocampus of ob/ob mice 96:124 Effects of caloric restriction on O-GlcNAcylation, Ca(2+) signaling, and learning impairment in the hippocampus of ob/ob mice. 27318140 2 13 from expression 426:435 arg1 model 455:459 the ob/ob mice model 440:459 the ob/ob mice model of obesity-induced diabetes 440:487 To shed light on the unknown underlying mechanisms involved in these observations, we examined the effects of CR on serum metabolic parameters and hippocampal protein expression in the ob/ob mice model of obesity-induced diabetes. 27318140 4 14 theme O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine 623:650 arg1 levels 601:606 the levels 597:606 the levels of hippocampal O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and GlcNAc transferase 597:684 In addition, CR increased the levels of hippocampal O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and GlcNAc transferase and decreased the expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, lipocalin-2, and phosphorylated tau. 27318140 1 15 theme cognitive 157:165 arg1 function 167:174 cognitive function 157:174 cognitive function 157:174 Diabetes may adversely affect cognitive function and, conversely, caloric restriction (CR) increases longevity and improves memory. 27318140 0 16 theme restriction 19:29 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of caloric restriction on O-GlcNAcylation, Ca(2+) signaling, and learning impairment in the hippocampus of ob/ob mice. 0:125 Effects of caloric restriction on O-GlcNAcylation, Ca(2+) signaling, and learning impairment in the hippocampus of ob/ob mice. 27318140 6 17 theme glucose 955:961 arg1 impairment 963:972 obesity-related brain glucose impairment 933:972 obesity-related brain glucose impairment 933:972 These findings indicate that CR may reverse obesity-related brain glucose impairment and intracellular Ca(2+) dysfunction and relieve learning impairment associated with diabetes. 27318140 4 18 theme calcium/calmodulin-dependent 718:745 arg1 kinase 755:760 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II 718:763 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II 718:763 In addition, CR increased the levels of hippocampal O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and GlcNAc transferase and decreased the expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, lipocalin-2, and phosphorylated tau. 27318140 2 19 theme serum 375:379 arg1 parameters 391:400 serum metabolic parameters 375:400 serum metabolic parameters 375:400 To shed light on the unknown underlying mechanisms involved in these observations, we examined the effects of CR on serum metabolic parameters and hippocampal protein expression in the ob/ob mice model of obesity-induced diabetes. 27318140 6 20 theme brain 949:953 arg1 impairment 963:972 obesity-related brain glucose impairment 933:972 obesity-related brain glucose impairment 933:972 These findings indicate that CR may reverse obesity-related brain glucose impairment and intracellular Ca(2+) dysfunction and relieve learning impairment associated with diabetes. 27318140 0 21 from signaling 58:66 arg1 hippocampus 100:110 the hippocampus 96:110 the hippocampus of ob/ob mice 96:124 Effects of caloric restriction on O-GlcNAcylation, Ca(2+) signaling, and learning impairment in the hippocampus of ob/ob mice. 27318140 3 22 theme hepatic 515:521 arg1 steatosis 523:531 hepatic steatosis 515:531 hepatic steatosis 515:531 We found that CR reduced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in ob/ob mice. 27318140 2 23 theme protein 418:424 arg1 expression 426:435 hippocampal protein expression 406:435 hippocampal protein expression 406:435 To shed light on the unknown underlying mechanisms involved in these observations, we examined the effects of CR on serum metabolic parameters and hippocampal protein expression in the ob/ob mice model of obesity-induced diabetes. 27318140 2 24 theme CR 369:370 arg1 effects 358:364 the effects 354:364 the effects of CR on serum metabolic parameters and hippocampal protein expression in the ob/ob mice model of obesity-induced diabetes 354:487 To shed light on the unknown underlying mechanisms involved in these observations, we examined the effects of CR on serum metabolic parameters and hippocampal protein expression in the ob/ob mice model of obesity-induced diabetes. 27318140 4 25 theme GlcNAc 667:672 arg1 transferase 674:684 GlcNAc transferase 667:684 GlcNAc transferase 667:684 In addition, CR increased the levels of hippocampal O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and GlcNAc transferase and decreased the expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, lipocalin-2, and phosphorylated tau. 27318140 6 26 theme obesity-related 933:947 arg1 impairment 963:972 obesity-related brain glucose impairment 933:972 obesity-related brain glucose impairment 933:972 These findings indicate that CR may reverse obesity-related brain glucose impairment and intracellular Ca(2+) dysfunction and relieve learning impairment associated with diabetes. 27318140 4 27 theme hippocampal 611:621 arg1 O-GlcNAc 653:660 O-GlcNAc 653:660 O-GlcNAc 653:660 In addition, CR increased the levels of hippocampal O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and GlcNAc transferase and decreased the expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, lipocalin-2, and phosphorylated tau. 27318140 4 27 theme hippocampal 611:621 arg1 O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine 623:650 hippocampal O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine 611:650 hippocampal O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 611:661 In addition, CR increased the levels of hippocampal O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and GlcNAc transferase and decreased the expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, lipocalin-2, and phosphorylated tau. 27318140 6 28 theme learning 1023:1030 arg1 impairment 1032:1041 learning impairment 1023:1041 learning impairment associated with diabetes 1023:1066 These findings indicate that CR may reverse obesity-related brain glucose impairment and intracellular Ca(2+) dysfunction and relieve learning impairment associated with diabetes. 27318140 2 29 theme metabolic 381:389 arg1 parameters 391:400 serum metabolic parameters 375:400 serum metabolic parameters 375:400 To shed light on the unknown underlying mechanisms involved in these observations, we examined the effects of CR on serum metabolic parameters and hippocampal protein expression in the ob/ob mice model of obesity-induced diabetes. 27318140 5 30 theme learning 832:839 arg1 deficits 841:848 the learning deficits 828:848 the learning deficits that are typically seen in ob/ob mice 828:886 Furthermore, CR lessened the learning deficits that are typically seen in ob/ob mice. 27318140 0 31 theme Ca 51:52 arg1 signaling 58:66 Ca(2+) signaling 51:66 Ca(2+) signaling 51:66 Effects of caloric restriction on O-GlcNAcylation, Ca(2+) signaling, and learning impairment in the hippocampus of ob/ob mice. 27318140 0 32 theme mice 121:124 arg1 hippocampus 100:110 the hippocampus 96:110 the hippocampus of ob/ob mice 96:124 Effects of caloric restriction on O-GlcNAcylation, Ca(2+) signaling, and learning impairment in the hippocampus of ob/ob mice. 27318140 3 33 theme insulin 537:543 arg1 resistance 545:554 insulin resistance 537:554 insulin resistance 537:554 We found that CR reduced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in ob/ob mice. 27318140 4 34 theme transferase 674:684 arg1 levels 601:606 the levels 597:606 the levels of hippocampal O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and GlcNAc transferase 597:684 In addition, CR increased the levels of hippocampal O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and GlcNAc transferase and decreased the expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, lipocalin-2, and phosphorylated tau. 27318140 2 35 theme hippocampal 406:416 arg1 expression 426:435 hippocampal protein expression 406:435 hippocampal protein expression 406:435 To shed light on the unknown underlying mechanisms involved in these observations, we examined the effects of CR on serum metabolic parameters and hippocampal protein expression in the ob/ob mice model of obesity-induced diabetes. 27318140 0 36 theme ob/ob 115:119 arg1 mice 121:124 ob/ob mice 115:124 ob/ob mice 115:124 Effects of caloric restriction on O-GlcNAcylation, Ca(2+) signaling, and learning impairment in the hippocampus of ob/ob mice. 27318140 0 37 from impairment 82:91 arg1 hippocampus 100:110 the hippocampus 96:110 the hippocampus of ob/ob mice 96:124 Effects of caloric restriction on O-GlcNAcylation, Ca(2+) signaling, and learning impairment in the hippocampus of ob/ob mice. 27318140 2 38 theme underlying 288:297 arg1 mechanisms 299:308 the unknown underlying mechanisms 276:308 the unknown underlying mechanisms involved in these observations 276:339 To shed light on the unknown underlying mechanisms involved in these observations, we examined the effects of CR on serum metabolic parameters and hippocampal protein expression in the ob/ob mice model of obesity-induced diabetes. 27318140 3 39 theme ob/ob 559:563 arg1 mice 565:568 ob/ob mice 559:568 ob/ob mice 559:568 We found that CR reduced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in ob/ob mice. 27318140 2 40 theme unknown 280:286 arg1 mechanisms 299:308 the unknown underlying mechanisms 276:308 the unknown underlying mechanisms involved in these observations 276:339 To shed light on the unknown underlying mechanisms involved in these observations, we examined the effects of CR on serum metabolic parameters and hippocampal protein expression in the ob/ob mice model of obesity-induced diabetes. 27318140 4 41 theme lipocalin-2 766:776 arg1 expression 704:713 the expression 700:713 the expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, lipocalin-2, and phosphorylated tau 700:800 In addition, CR increased the levels of hippocampal O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and GlcNAc transferase and decreased the expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, lipocalin-2, and phosphorylated tau. 27318140 1 42 theme caloric 193:199 arg1 restriction 201:211 caloric restriction 193:211 caloric restriction (CR) 193:216 Diabetes may adversely affect cognitive function and, conversely, caloric restriction (CR) increases longevity and improves memory. 27318140 1 42 theme caloric 193:199 arg1 CR 214:215 CR 214:215 CR 214:215 Diabetes may adversely affect cognitive function and, conversely, caloric restriction (CR) increases longevity and improves memory. 27318140 4 43 theme phosphorylated 783:796 arg1 tau 798:800 phosphorylated tau 783:800 phosphorylated tau 783:800 In addition, CR increased the levels of hippocampal O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and GlcNAc transferase and decreased the expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, lipocalin-2, and phosphorylated tau. 27318140 2 44 from effects 358:364 arg1 parameters 391:400 serum metabolic parameters 375:400 serum metabolic parameters 375:400 To shed light on the unknown underlying mechanisms involved in these observations, we examined the effects of CR on serum metabolic parameters and hippocampal protein expression in the ob/ob mice model of obesity-induced diabetes. 27318140 2 44 from effects 358:364 arg1 expression 426:435 hippocampal protein expression 406:435 hippocampal protein expression 406:435 To shed light on the unknown underlying mechanisms involved in these observations, we examined the effects of CR on serum metabolic parameters and hippocampal protein expression in the ob/ob mice model of obesity-induced diabetes. 27318140 2 45 theme mice 450:453 arg1 model 455:459 the ob/ob mice model 440:459 the ob/ob mice model of obesity-induced diabetes 440:487 To shed light on the unknown underlying mechanisms involved in these observations, we examined the effects of CR on serum metabolic parameters and hippocampal protein expression in the ob/ob mice model of obesity-induced diabetes. 27318140 0 46 theme caloric 11:17 arg1 restriction 19:29 caloric restriction 11:29 caloric restriction 11:29 Effects of caloric restriction on O-GlcNAcylation, Ca(2+) signaling, and learning impairment in the hippocampus of ob/ob mice. 24134879 8 0 theme observed 1297:1304 arg1 variations 1319:1328 observed experimental variations 1297:1328 observed experimental variations in enzyme kinetics 1297:1347 Nonetheless, differences in peptide sequences, particularly at the -1 to -4 positions, lead to variations in predicted affinity, consistent with observed experimental variations in enzyme kinetics. 24134879 1 1 with glycosylation 159:171 arg1 O-GlcNAc 208:215 O-GlcNAc 208:215 O-GlcNAc 208:215 Protein glycosylation with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of serine/threonine residues in nucleocytoplasmic proteins. 24134879 1 1 with glycosylation 159:171 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 187:205 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 178:205 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 178:216 Protein glycosylation with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of serine/threonine residues in nucleocytoplasmic proteins. 24134879 6 2 theme peptides 884:891 arg1 models 859:864 five models 854:864 five models of O-GlcNAcylated peptides in complex with a bacterial OGA 854:923 In this work, we generate and analyze five models of O-GlcNAcylated peptides in complex with a bacterial OGA. 24134879 4 3 theme O-GlcNAcylation 690:704 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 690:704 O-GlcNAcylation 690:704 O-GlcNAcylation 690:704 So far, no obvious consensus sequence has been found for sites of O-GlcNAcylation. 24134879 4 3 theme O-GlcNAcylation 690:704 arg1 sites 681:685 sites 681:685 sites of O-GlcNAcylation 681:704 So far, no obvious consensus sequence has been found for sites of O-GlcNAcylation. 24134879 9 4 theme O-GlcNAcylated 1552:1565 arg1 sequences 1575:1583 specific O-GlcNAcylated peptide sequences 1543:1583 specific O-GlcNAcylated peptide sequences 1543:1583 The potential exists, therefore, to employ the present analysis to guide the development glycopeptide-specific inhibitors, or conversely, the conversion of OGA into a reagent that could target specific O-GlcNAcylated peptide sequences. 24134879 0 5 theme O-GlcNAcase 73:83 arg1 independence 57:68 the substrate sequence independence 34:68 the substrate sequence independence of O-GlcNAcase 34:83 Defining the structural origin of the substrate sequence independence of O-GlcNAcase using a combination of molecular docking and dynamics simulation. 24134879 6 6 theme bacterial 911:919 arg1 OGA 921:923 a bacterial OGA 909:923 a bacterial OGA 909:923 In this work, we generate and analyze five models of O-GlcNAcylated peptides in complex with a bacterial OGA. 24134879 7 7 theme peptide 1067:1073 arg1 atoms 1084:1088 the peptide backbone atoms 1063:1088 the peptide backbone atoms 1063:1088 Each of the five glycopeptides bind to OGA in a similar fashion, with OGA-peptide interactions primarily, but not exclusively, involving the peptide backbone atoms, thus explaining the lack of sensitivity to peptide sequence. 24134879 3 8 dep hydrolase 592:600 arg1 OGA 618:620 OGA 618:620 OGA 618:620 Unlike phosphorylation, O-GlcNAc levels are regulated by only two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA). 24134879 3 8 dep hydrolase 592:600 arg1 O-GlcNAcase 603:613 O-GlcNAcase 603:613 O-GlcNAcase 603:613 Unlike phosphorylation, O-GlcNAc levels are regulated by only two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA). 24134879 1 9 theme nucleocytoplasmic 287:303 arg1 proteins 305:312 nucleocytoplasmic proteins 287:312 nucleocytoplasmic proteins 287:312 Protein glycosylation with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of serine/threonine residues in nucleocytoplasmic proteins. 24134879 8 10 from differences 1165:1175 arg1 sequences 1188:1196 peptide sequences 1180:1196 peptide sequences 1180:1196 Nonetheless, differences in peptide sequences, particularly at the -1 to -4 positions, lead to variations in predicted affinity, consistent with observed experimental variations in enzyme kinetics. 24134879 9 11 theme present 1397:1403 arg1 analysis 1405:1412 the present analysis 1393:1412 the present analysis 1393:1412 The potential exists, therefore, to employ the present analysis to guide the development glycopeptide-specific inhibitors, or conversely, the conversion of OGA into a reagent that could target specific O-GlcNAcylated peptide sequences. 24134879 6 12 from peptides 884:891 arg1 complex 896:902 complex 896:902 complex with a bacterial OGA 896:923 In this work, we generate and analyze five models of O-GlcNAcylated peptides in complex with a bacterial OGA. 24134879 8 13 theme experimental 1306:1317 arg1 variations 1319:1328 observed experimental variations 1297:1328 observed experimental variations in enzyme kinetics 1297:1347 Nonetheless, differences in peptide sequences, particularly at the -1 to -4 positions, lead to variations in predicted affinity, consistent with observed experimental variations in enzyme kinetics. 24134879 7 14 gly glycopeptides 943:955 arg2 glycopeptides 943:955 the five glycopeptides 934:955 the five glycopeptides 934:955 Each of the five glycopeptides bind to OGA in a similar fashion, with OGA-peptide interactions primarily, but not exclusively, involving the peptide backbone atoms, thus explaining the lack of sensitivity to peptide sequence. 24134879 0 15 theme molecular 108:116 arg1 docking 118:124 molecular docking 108:124 molecular docking 108:124 Defining the structural origin of the substrate sequence independence of O-GlcNAcase using a combination of molecular docking and dynamics simulation. 24134879 8 16 theme predicted 1261:1269 arg1 affinity 1271:1278 predicted affinity 1261:1278 predicted affinity 1261:1278 Nonetheless, differences in peptide sequences, particularly at the -1 to -4 positions, lead to variations in predicted affinity, consistent with observed experimental variations in enzyme kinetics. 24134879 3 17 theme O-GlcNAc 552:559 arg1 OGT 574:576 OGT 574:576 OGT 574:576 Unlike phosphorylation, O-GlcNAc levels are regulated by only two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA). 24134879 3 17 theme O-GlcNAc 552:559 arg1 enzymes 543:549 only two enzymes 534:549 only two enzymes 534:549 Unlike phosphorylation, O-GlcNAc levels are regulated by only two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA). 24134879 3 17 theme O-GlcNAc 552:559 arg1 transferase 561:571 O-GlcNAc transferase 552:571 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) 552:577 Unlike phosphorylation, O-GlcNAc levels are regulated by only two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA). 24134879 1 18 theme O-linked 178:185 arg1 O-GlcNAc 208:215 O-GlcNAc 208:215 O-GlcNAc 208:215 Protein glycosylation with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of serine/threonine residues in nucleocytoplasmic proteins. 24134879 1 18 theme O-linked 178:185 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 187:205 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 178:205 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 178:216 Protein glycosylation with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of serine/threonine residues in nucleocytoplasmic proteins. 24134879 6 19 from complex 896:902 arg1 models 859:864 five models 854:864 five models of O-GlcNAcylated peptides in complex with a bacterial OGA 854:923 In this work, we generate and analyze five models of O-GlcNAcylated peptides in complex with a bacterial OGA. 24134879 8 20 theme enzyme 1333:1338 arg1 kinetics 1340:1347 enzyme kinetics 1333:1347 enzyme kinetics 1333:1347 Nonetheless, differences in peptide sequences, particularly at the -1 to -4 positions, lead to variations in predicted affinity, consistent with observed experimental variations in enzyme kinetics. 24134879 6 21 from models 859:864 arg1 complex 896:902 complex 896:902 complex with a bacterial OGA 896:923 In this work, we generate and analyze five models of O-GlcNAcylated peptides in complex with a bacterial OGA. 24134879 5 22 theme independent 785:795 arg1 proteins 775:782 all O-GlcNAcylated proteins 756:782 all O-GlcNAcylated proteins 756:782 Additionally, O-GlcNAcase recognizes and cleaves all O-GlcNAcylated proteins, independent of their sequence. 24134879 1 23 link O-linked 178:185 arg1 O-GlcNAc 208:215 O-GlcNAc 208:215 O-GlcNAc 208:215 Protein glycosylation with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of serine/threonine residues in nucleocytoplasmic proteins. 24134879 1 23 link O-linked 178:185 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 187:205 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 178:205 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 178:216 Protein glycosylation with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of serine/threonine residues in nucleocytoplasmic proteins. 24134879 3 24 theme O-GlcNAc 583:590 arg1 enzymes 543:549 only two enzymes 534:549 only two enzymes 534:549 Unlike phosphorylation, O-GlcNAc levels are regulated by only two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA). 24134879 3 24 theme O-GlcNAc 583:590 arg1 hydrolase 592:600 O-GlcNAc hydrolase 583:600 O-GlcNAc hydrolase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA) 583:621 Unlike phosphorylation, O-GlcNAc levels are regulated by only two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA). 24134879 7 25 theme backbone 1075:1082 arg1 atoms 1084:1088 the peptide backbone atoms 1063:1088 the peptide backbone atoms 1063:1088 Each of the five glycopeptides bind to OGA in a similar fashion, with OGA-peptide interactions primarily, but not exclusively, involving the peptide backbone atoms, thus explaining the lack of sensitivity to peptide sequence. 24134879 8 26 dep -4 1225:1226 arg1 to 1222:1223 to 1222:1223 to 1222:1223 Nonetheless, differences in peptide sequences, particularly at the -1 to -4 positions, lead to variations in predicted affinity, consistent with observed experimental variations in enzyme kinetics. 24134879 2 27 gly O-GlcNAcylation 395:409 arg1 sites 429:433 sites 429:433 sites that are also known to be phosphorylated 429:474 O-GlcNAc has been shown to play a role in many different cellular processes and O-GlcNAcylation is often found at sites that are also known to be phosphorylated. 24134879 5 28 theme sequence 806:813 arg1 independent 785:795 independent 785:795 independent 785:795 Additionally, O-GlcNAcase recognizes and cleaves all O-GlcNAcylated proteins, independent of their sequence. 24134879 9 29 theme glycopeptide-specific 1439:1459 arg1 inhibitors 1461:1470 glycopeptide-specific inhibitors 1439:1470 the development glycopeptide-specific inhibitors 1423:1470 The potential exists, therefore, to employ the present analysis to guide the development glycopeptide-specific inhibitors, or conversely, the conversion of OGA into a reagent that could target specific O-GlcNAcylated peptide sequences. 24134879 0 30 theme structural 13:22 arg1 origin 24:29 the structural origin 9:29 the structural origin of the substrate sequence independence of O-GlcNAcase 9:83 Defining the structural origin of the substrate sequence independence of O-GlcNAcase using a combination of molecular docking and dynamics simulation. 24134879 0 31 theme docking 118:124 arg1 combination 93:103 a combination 91:103 a combination of molecular docking and dynamics simulation 91:148 Defining the structural origin of the substrate sequence independence of O-GlcNAcase using a combination of molecular docking and dynamics simulation. 24134879 6 32 theme O-GlcNAcylated 869:882 arg1 peptides 884:891 O-GlcNAcylated peptides 869:891 O-GlcNAcylated peptides in complex with a bacterial OGA 869:923 In this work, we generate and analyze five models of O-GlcNAcylated peptides in complex with a bacterial OGA. 24134879 6 33 with complex 896:902 arg1 OGA 921:923 a bacterial OGA 909:923 a bacterial OGA 909:923 In this work, we generate and analyze five models of O-GlcNAcylated peptides in complex with a bacterial OGA. 24134879 3 34 theme O-GlcNAc 501:508 arg1 levels 510:515 O-GlcNAc levels 501:515 O-GlcNAc levels 501:515 Unlike phosphorylation, O-GlcNAc levels are regulated by only two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA). 24134879 9 35 theme specific 1543:1550 arg1 sequences 1575:1583 specific O-GlcNAcylated peptide sequences 1543:1583 specific O-GlcNAcylated peptide sequences 1543:1583 The potential exists, therefore, to employ the present analysis to guide the development glycopeptide-specific inhibitors, or conversely, the conversion of OGA into a reagent that could target specific O-GlcNAcylated peptide sequences. 24134879 0 36 theme simulation 139:148 arg1 combination 93:103 a combination 91:103 a combination of molecular docking and dynamics simulation 91:148 Defining the structural origin of the substrate sequence independence of O-GlcNAcase using a combination of molecular docking and dynamics simulation. 24134879 4 37 theme obvious 635:641 arg1 sequence 653:660 no obvious consensus sequence 632:660 no obvious consensus sequence 632:660 So far, no obvious consensus sequence has been found for sites of O-GlcNAcylation. 24134879 4 38 theme consensus 643:651 arg1 sequence 653:660 no obvious consensus sequence 632:660 no obvious consensus sequence 632:660 So far, no obvious consensus sequence has been found for sites of O-GlcNAcylation. 24134879 7 39 theme peptide 1134:1140 arg1 sequence 1142:1149 peptide sequence 1134:1149 peptide sequence 1134:1149 Each of the five glycopeptides bind to OGA in a similar fashion, with OGA-peptide interactions primarily, but not exclusively, involving the peptide backbone atoms, thus explaining the lack of sensitivity to peptide sequence. 24134879 0 40 theme dynamics 130:137 arg1 simulation 139:148 dynamics simulation 130:148 dynamics simulation 130:148 Defining the structural origin of the substrate sequence independence of O-GlcNAcase using a combination of molecular docking and dynamics simulation. 24134879 9 41 dep development 1427:1437 arg1 inhibitors 1461:1470 glycopeptide-specific inhibitors 1439:1470 the development glycopeptide-specific inhibitors 1423:1470 The potential exists, therefore, to employ the present analysis to guide the development glycopeptide-specific inhibitors, or conversely, the conversion of OGA into a reagent that could target specific O-GlcNAcylated peptide sequences. 24134879 7 42 theme OGA-peptide 996:1006 arg1 interactions 1008:1019 OGA-peptide interactions 996:1019 OGA-peptide interactions 996:1019 Each of the five glycopeptides bind to OGA in a similar fashion, with OGA-peptide interactions primarily, but not exclusively, involving the peptide backbone atoms, thus explaining the lack of sensitivity to peptide sequence. 24134879 1 43 theme post-translational 223:240 arg1 modification 242:253 a post-translational modification 221:253 a post-translational modification of serine/threonine residues in nucleocytoplasmic proteins 221:312 Protein glycosylation with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of serine/threonine residues in nucleocytoplasmic proteins. 24134879 1 43 theme post-translational 223:240 arg1 glycosylation 159:171 Protein glycosylation 151:171 Protein glycosylation with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 151:216 Protein glycosylation with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of serine/threonine residues in nucleocytoplasmic proteins. 24134879 0 44 theme sequence 48:55 arg1 independence 57:68 the substrate sequence independence 34:68 the substrate sequence independence of O-GlcNAcase 34:83 Defining the structural origin of the substrate sequence independence of O-GlcNAcase using a combination of molecular docking and dynamics simulation. 24134879 8 45 with consistent 1281:1290 arg1 variations 1319:1328 observed experimental variations 1297:1328 observed experimental variations in enzyme kinetics 1297:1347 Nonetheless, differences in peptide sequences, particularly at the -1 to -4 positions, lead to variations in predicted affinity, consistent with observed experimental variations in enzyme kinetics. 24134879 2 46 theme cellular 372:379 arg1 processes 381:389 many different cellular processes 357:389 many different cellular processes 357:389 O-GlcNAc has been shown to play a role in many different cellular processes and O-GlcNAcylation is often found at sites that are also known to be phosphorylated. 24134879 0 47 theme substrate 38:46 arg1 independence 57:68 the substrate sequence independence 34:68 the substrate sequence independence of O-GlcNAcase 34:83 Defining the structural origin of the substrate sequence independence of O-GlcNAcase using a combination of molecular docking and dynamics simulation. 24134879 2 48 theme different 362:370 arg1 processes 381:389 many different cellular processes 357:389 many different cellular processes 357:389 O-GlcNAc has been shown to play a role in many different cellular processes and O-GlcNAcylation is often found at sites that are also known to be phosphorylated. 24134879 1 49 from modification 242:253 arg1 proteins 305:312 nucleocytoplasmic proteins 287:312 nucleocytoplasmic proteins 287:312 Protein glycosylation with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of serine/threonine residues in nucleocytoplasmic proteins. 24134879 7 50 theme sensitivity 1119:1129 arg1 lack 1111:1114 the lack 1107:1114 the lack of sensitivity to peptide sequence 1107:1149 Each of the five glycopeptides bind to OGA in a similar fashion, with OGA-peptide interactions primarily, but not exclusively, involving the peptide backbone atoms, thus explaining the lack of sensitivity to peptide sequence. 24134879 2 51 theme many 357:360 arg1 processes 381:389 many different cellular processes 357:389 many different cellular processes 357:389 O-GlcNAc has been shown to play a role in many different cellular processes and O-GlcNAcylation is often found at sites that are also known to be phosphorylated. 24134879 9 52 theme peptide 1567:1573 arg1 sequences 1575:1583 specific O-GlcNAcylated peptide sequences 1543:1583 specific O-GlcNAcylated peptide sequences 1543:1583 The potential exists, therefore, to employ the present analysis to guide the development glycopeptide-specific inhibitors, or conversely, the conversion of OGA into a reagent that could target specific O-GlcNAcylated peptide sequences. 24134879 8 53 from positions 1228:1236 arg1 differences 1165:1175 differences 1165:1175 differences 1165:1175 Nonetheless, differences in peptide sequences, particularly at the -1 to -4 positions, lead to variations in predicted affinity, consistent with observed experimental variations in enzyme kinetics. 24134879 7 54 theme similar 974:980 arg1 fashion 982:988 a similar fashion 972:988 a similar fashion 972:988 Each of the five glycopeptides bind to OGA in a similar fashion, with OGA-peptide interactions primarily, but not exclusively, involving the peptide backbone atoms, thus explaining the lack of sensitivity to peptide sequence. 24134879 9 55 theme OGA 1506:1508 arg1 conversion 1492:1501 the conversion 1488:1501 the conversion of OGA into a reagent that could target specific O-GlcNAcylated peptide sequences 1488:1583 The potential exists, therefore, to employ the present analysis to guide the development glycopeptide-specific inhibitors, or conversely, the conversion of OGA into a reagent that could target specific O-GlcNAcylated peptide sequences. 24134879 5 56 theme O-GlcNAcylated 760:773 arg1 proteins 775:782 all O-GlcNAcylated proteins 756:782 all O-GlcNAcylated proteins 756:782 Additionally, O-GlcNAcase recognizes and cleaves all O-GlcNAcylated proteins, independent of their sequence. 24134879 2 57 located found 420:424 arg1 sites 429:433 sites 429:433 sites that are also known to be phosphorylated 429:474 O-GlcNAc has been shown to play a role in many different cellular processes and O-GlcNAcylation is often found at sites that are also known to be phosphorylated. 24134879 2 57 located found 420:424 arg2 O-GlcNAcylation 395:409 O-GlcNAcylation 395:409 O-GlcNAcylation 395:409 O-GlcNAc has been shown to play a role in many different cellular processes and O-GlcNAcylation is often found at sites that are also known to be phosphorylated. 24134879 8 58 from variations 1247:1256 arg1 affinity 1271:1278 predicted affinity 1261:1278 predicted affinity 1261:1278 Nonetheless, differences in peptide sequences, particularly at the -1 to -4 positions, lead to variations in predicted affinity, consistent with observed experimental variations in enzyme kinetics. 24134879 8 59 from variations 1319:1328 arg1 kinetics 1340:1347 enzyme kinetics 1333:1347 enzyme kinetics 1333:1347 Nonetheless, differences in peptide sequences, particularly at the -1 to -4 positions, lead to variations in predicted affinity, consistent with observed experimental variations in enzyme kinetics. 24134879 1 60 theme serine/threonine 258:273 arg1 residues 275:282 serine/threonine residues 258:282 serine/threonine residues 258:282 Protein glycosylation with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of serine/threonine residues in nucleocytoplasmic proteins. 24134879 0 61 theme independence 57:68 arg1 origin 24:29 the structural origin 9:29 the structural origin of the substrate sequence independence of O-GlcNAcase 9:83 Defining the structural origin of the substrate sequence independence of O-GlcNAcase using a combination of molecular docking and dynamics simulation. 24134879 8 62 theme peptide 1180:1186 arg1 sequences 1188:1196 peptide sequences 1180:1196 peptide sequences 1180:1196 Nonetheless, differences in peptide sequences, particularly at the -1 to -4 positions, lead to variations in predicted affinity, consistent with observed experimental variations in enzyme kinetics. 24134879 1 63 theme Protein 151:157 arg1 modification 242:253 a post-translational modification 221:253 a post-translational modification of serine/threonine residues in nucleocytoplasmic proteins 221:312 Protein glycosylation with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of serine/threonine residues in nucleocytoplasmic proteins. 24134879 1 63 theme Protein 151:157 arg1 glycosylation 159:171 Protein glycosylation 151:171 Protein glycosylation with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 151:216 Protein glycosylation with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of serine/threonine residues in nucleocytoplasmic proteins. 24134879 1 64 theme residues 275:282 arg1 modification 242:253 a post-translational modification 221:253 a post-translational modification of serine/threonine residues in nucleocytoplasmic proteins 221:312 Protein glycosylation with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of serine/threonine residues in nucleocytoplasmic proteins. 24134879 1 64 theme residues 275:282 arg1 glycosylation 159:171 Protein glycosylation 151:171 Protein glycosylation with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 151:216 Protein glycosylation with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification of serine/threonine residues in nucleocytoplasmic proteins. 27311566 0 0 theme Cascade 95:101 arg1 Reactions 103:111 Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions 82:111 Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions 82:111 Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis as Analytical Tool for Fast Optimization of Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions - Synthesis of Nucleotide Sugars: Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Vladimir Křen on the occasion of his 60th birthday. 27311566 8 1 theme reactions 1550:1558 arg1 optimization 1513:1524 fast optimization 1508:1524 fast optimization of multi-enzyme cascade reactions 1508:1558 The presented MP-CE methodology has the impact to be used as general analytical tool for fast optimization of multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 8 2 theme cascade 1542:1548 arg1 reactions 1550:1558 multi-enzyme cascade reactions 1529:1558 multi-enzyme cascade reactions 1529:1558 The presented MP-CE methodology has the impact to be used as general analytical tool for fast optimization of multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 4 3 with optimization 827:838 arg1 reactions 896:904 multi-enzyme cascade reactions 875:904 multi-enzyme cascade reactions 875:904 We here demonstrate for the first time multiplexed CE (MP-CE) as fast analytical tool for the optimization of nucleotide sugar synthesis with multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 0 4 theme Multi-Enzyme 82:93 arg1 Reactions 103:111 Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions 82:111 Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions 82:111 Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis as Analytical Tool for Fast Optimization of Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions - Synthesis of Nucleotide Sugars: Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Vladimir Křen on the occasion of his 60th birthday. 27311566 4 5 theme multi-enzyme 875:886 arg1 reactions 896:904 multi-enzyme cascade reactions 875:904 multi-enzyme cascade reactions 875:904 We here demonstrate for the first time multiplexed CE (MP-CE) as fast analytical tool for the optimization of nucleotide sugar synthesis with multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 3 6 theme multiple 554:561 arg1 parameters 563:572 multiple parameters 554:572 multiple parameters of the individual enzymes 554:598 Optimization of product yields in such enzyme modules is dependent on the interplay of multiple parameters of the individual enzymes and governed by a considerable time effort when convential analytic methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) or HPLC are applied. 27311566 3 7 from Optimization 467:478 arg1 modules 513:519 such enzyme modules 501:519 such enzyme modules 501:519 Optimization of product yields in such enzyme modules is dependent on the interplay of multiple parameters of the individual enzymes and governed by a considerable time effort when convential analytic methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) or HPLC are applied. 27311566 4 8 theme synthesis 860:868 arg1 optimization 827:838 the optimization 823:838 the optimization of nucleotide sugar synthesis with multi-enzyme cascade reactions 823:904 We here demonstrate for the first time multiplexed CE (MP-CE) as fast analytical tool for the optimization of nucleotide sugar synthesis with multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 3 9 theme enzymes 592:598 arg1 parameters 563:572 multiple parameters 554:572 multiple parameters of the individual enzymes 554:598 Optimization of product yields in such enzyme modules is dependent on the interplay of multiple parameters of the individual enzymes and governed by a considerable time effort when convential analytic methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) or HPLC are applied. 27311566 5 10 theme enzyme 1044:1049 arg1 modules 1051:1057 six different enzyme modules 1030:1057 six different enzyme modules 1030:1057 We introduce a universal separation method for nucleotides and nucleotide sugars enabling us to analyze the composition of six different enzyme modules in a high-throughput format. 27311566 1 11 theme bottleneck 258:267 arg1 sugars 233:238 Nucleotide sugars 222:238 Nucleotide sugars 222:238 Nucleotide sugars are considered as bottleneck and expensive substrates for enzymatic glycan synthesis using Leloir-glycosyltransferases. 27311566 1 11 theme bottleneck 258:267 arg1 substrates 283:292 bottleneck and expensive substrates 258:292 bottleneck and expensive substrates for enzymatic glycan synthesis using Leloir-glycosyltransferases 258:357 Nucleotide sugars are considered as bottleneck and expensive substrates for enzymatic glycan synthesis using Leloir-glycosyltransferases. 27311566 0 12 theme Reactions 103:111 arg1 Optimization 66:77 Fast Optimization 61:77 Fast Optimization of Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions 61:111 Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis as Analytical Tool for Fast Optimization of Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions - Synthesis of Nucleotide Sugars: Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Vladimir Křen on the occasion of his 60th birthday. 27311566 6 13 theme MP-CE 1184:1188 arg1 analysis 1190:1197 MP-CE analysis 1184:1197 MP-CE analysis 1184:1197 Optimization of parameters (T, pH, inhibitors, kinetics, cofactors and enzyme amount) employing MP-CE analysis is demonstrated for enzyme modules for the synthesis of UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) and UDP-α-D-galactose (UDP-Gal). 27311566 8 14 theme multi-enzyme 1529:1540 arg1 reactions 1550:1558 multi-enzyme cascade reactions 1529:1558 multi-enzyme cascade reactions 1529:1558 The presented MP-CE methodology has the impact to be used as general analytical tool for fast optimization of multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 0 15 theme his 203:205 arg1 birthday 212:219 his 60th birthday 203:219 his 60th birthday 203:219 Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis as Analytical Tool for Fast Optimization of Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions - Synthesis of Nucleotide Sugars: Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Vladimir Křen on the occasion of his 60th birthday. 27311566 6 16 theme parameters 1104:1113 arg1 Optimization 1088:1099 Optimization 1088:1099 Optimization of parameters (T, pH, inhibitors, kinetics, cofactors and enzyme amount) employing MP-CE analysis 1088:1197 Optimization of parameters (T, pH, inhibitors, kinetics, cofactors and enzyme amount) employing MP-CE analysis is demonstrated for enzyme modules for the synthesis of UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) and UDP-α-D-galactose (UDP-Gal). 27311566 4 17 theme analytical 803:812 arg1 tool 814:817 fast analytical tool 798:817 fast analytical tool for the optimization of nucleotide sugar synthesis with multi-enzyme cascade reactions 798:904 We here demonstrate for the first time multiplexed CE (MP-CE) as fast analytical tool for the optimization of nucleotide sugar synthesis with multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 2 18 theme multi-enzyme 435:446 arg1 reactions 456:464 multi-enzyme cascade reactions 435:464 multi-enzyme cascade reactions 435:464 Synthesis from cheap substrates such as monosaccharides is accomplished by multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 8 19 theme analytical 1488:1497 arg1 tool 1499:1502 general analytical tool 1480:1502 general analytical tool for fast optimization of multi-enzyme cascade reactions 1480:1558 The presented MP-CE methodology has the impact to be used as general analytical tool for fast optimization of multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 6 20 dep parameters 1104:1113 arg1 T 1116:1116 T 1116:1116 T 1116:1116 Optimization of parameters (T, pH, inhibitors, kinetics, cofactors and enzyme amount) employing MP-CE analysis is demonstrated for enzyme modules for the synthesis of UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) and UDP-α-D-galactose (UDP-Gal). 27311566 3 21 theme individual 581:590 arg1 enzymes 592:598 the individual enzymes 577:598 the individual enzymes 577:598 Optimization of product yields in such enzyme modules is dependent on the interplay of multiple parameters of the individual enzymes and governed by a considerable time effort when convential analytic methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) or HPLC are applied. 27311566 6 22 dep T 1116:1116 arg1 kinetics 1135:1142 kinetics 1135:1142 kinetics 1135:1142 Optimization of parameters (T, pH, inhibitors, kinetics, cofactors and enzyme amount) employing MP-CE analysis is demonstrated for enzyme modules for the synthesis of UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) and UDP-α-D-galactose (UDP-Gal). 27311566 6 22 dep T 1116:1116 arg1 inhibitors 1123:1132 inhibitors 1123:1132 inhibitors 1123:1132 Optimization of parameters (T, pH, inhibitors, kinetics, cofactors and enzyme amount) employing MP-CE analysis is demonstrated for enzyme modules for the synthesis of UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) and UDP-α-D-galactose (UDP-Gal). 27311566 6 22 dep T 1116:1116 arg1 pH 1119:1120 pH 1119:1120 pH 1119:1120 Optimization of parameters (T, pH, inhibitors, kinetics, cofactors and enzyme amount) employing MP-CE analysis is demonstrated for enzyme modules for the synthesis of UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) and UDP-α-D-galactose (UDP-Gal). 27311566 6 22 dep T 1116:1116 arg1 cofactors 1145:1153 cofactors 1145:1153 cofactors 1145:1153 Optimization of parameters (T, pH, inhibitors, kinetics, cofactors and enzyme amount) employing MP-CE analysis is demonstrated for enzyme modules for the synthesis of UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) and UDP-α-D-galactose (UDP-Gal). 27311566 6 22 dep T 1116:1116 arg1 amount 1166:1171 enzyme amount 1159:1171 enzyme amount 1159:1171 Optimization of parameters (T, pH, inhibitors, kinetics, cofactors and enzyme amount) employing MP-CE analysis is demonstrated for enzyme modules for the synthesis of UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) and UDP-α-D-galactose (UDP-Gal). 27311566 0 23 theme Capillary 12:20 arg1 Electrophoresis 22:36 Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis 0:36 Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis as Analytical Tool for Fast Optimization of Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions - Synthesis of Nucleotide Sugars: 0:145 Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis as Analytical Tool for Fast Optimization of Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions - Synthesis of Nucleotide Sugars: Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Vladimir Křen on the occasion of his 60th birthday. 27311566 8 24 theme MP-CE 1433:1437 arg1 methodology 1439:1449 The presented MP-CE methodology 1419:1449 The presented MP-CE methodology 1419:1449 The presented MP-CE methodology has the impact to be used as general analytical tool for fast optimization of multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 0 25 theme birthday 212:219 arg1 occasion 191:198 the occasion 187:198 the occasion of his 60th birthday 187:219 Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis as Analytical Tool for Fast Optimization of Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions - Synthesis of Nucleotide Sugars: Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Vladimir Křen on the occasion of his 60th birthday. 27311566 2 26 from substrates 381:390 arg1 Synthesis 360:368 Synthesis 360:368 Synthesis from cheap substrates such as monosaccharides 360:414 Synthesis from cheap substrates such as monosaccharides is accomplished by multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 4 27 dep time 767:770 arg1 MP-CE 788:792 MP-CE 788:792 MP-CE 788:792 We here demonstrate for the first time multiplexed CE (MP-CE) as fast analytical tool for the optimization of nucleotide sugar synthesis with multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 4 27 dep time 767:770 arg1 CE 784:785 multiplexed CE 772:785 the first time multiplexed CE (MP-CE) 757:793 We here demonstrate for the first time multiplexed CE (MP-CE) as fast analytical tool for the optimization of nucleotide sugar synthesis with multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 0 28 theme Multiplexed 0:10 arg1 Electrophoresis 22:36 Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis 0:36 Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis as Analytical Tool for Fast Optimization of Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions - Synthesis of Nucleotide Sugars: 0:145 Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis as Analytical Tool for Fast Optimization of Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions - Synthesis of Nucleotide Sugars: Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Vladimir Křen on the occasion of his 60th birthday. 27311566 1 29 theme expensive 273:281 arg1 sugars 233:238 Nucleotide sugars 222:238 Nucleotide sugars 222:238 Nucleotide sugars are considered as bottleneck and expensive substrates for enzymatic glycan synthesis using Leloir-glycosyltransferases. 27311566 1 29 theme expensive 273:281 arg1 substrates 283:292 bottleneck and expensive substrates 258:292 bottleneck and expensive substrates for enzymatic glycan synthesis using Leloir-glycosyltransferases 258:357 Nucleotide sugars are considered as bottleneck and expensive substrates for enzymatic glycan synthesis using Leloir-glycosyltransferases. 27311566 0 30 theme 60th 207:210 arg1 birthday 212:219 his 60th birthday 203:219 his 60th birthday 203:219 Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis as Analytical Tool for Fast Optimization of Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions - Synthesis of Nucleotide Sugars: Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Vladimir Křen on the occasion of his 60th birthday. 27311566 3 31 theme considerable 618:629 arg1 effort 636:641 a considerable time effort 616:641 a considerable time effort when convential analytic methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) or HPLC are applied 616:730 Optimization of product yields in such enzyme modules is dependent on the interplay of multiple parameters of the individual enzymes and governed by a considerable time effort when convential analytic methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) or HPLC are applied. 27311566 3 32 theme product 483:489 arg1 yields 491:496 product yields 483:496 product yields 483:496 Optimization of product yields in such enzyme modules is dependent on the interplay of multiple parameters of the individual enzymes and governed by a considerable time effort when convential analytic methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) or HPLC are applied. 27311566 5 33 theme modules 1051:1057 arg1 composition 1015:1025 the composition 1011:1025 the composition of six different enzyme modules in a high-throughput format 1011:1085 We introduce a universal separation method for nucleotides and nucleotide sugars enabling us to analyze the composition of six different enzyme modules in a high-throughput format. 27311566 0 34 theme Sugars 139:144 arg1 Optimization 66:77 Fast Optimization 61:77 Fast Optimization of Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions 61:111 Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis as Analytical Tool for Fast Optimization of Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions - Synthesis of Nucleotide Sugars: Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Vladimir Křen on the occasion of his 60th birthday. 27311566 8 35 theme presented 1423:1431 arg1 methodology 1439:1449 The presented MP-CE methodology 1419:1449 The presented MP-CE methodology 1419:1449 The presented MP-CE methodology has the impact to be used as general analytical tool for fast optimization of multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 4 36 theme multiplexed 772:782 arg1 MP-CE 788:792 MP-CE 788:792 MP-CE 788:792 We here demonstrate for the first time multiplexed CE (MP-CE) as fast analytical tool for the optimization of nucleotide sugar synthesis with multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 4 36 theme multiplexed 772:782 arg1 CE 784:785 multiplexed CE 772:785 the first time multiplexed CE (MP-CE) 757:793 We here demonstrate for the first time multiplexed CE (MP-CE) as fast analytical tool for the optimization of nucleotide sugar synthesis with multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 0 37 theme Nucleotide 128:137 arg1 Sugars 139:144 Nucleotide Sugars 128:144 Nucleotide Sugars 128:144 Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis as Analytical Tool for Fast Optimization of Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions - Synthesis of Nucleotide Sugars: Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Vladimir Křen on the occasion of his 60th birthday. 27311566 6 38 theme enzyme 1219:1224 arg1 modules 1226:1232 enzyme modules 1219:1232 enzyme modules for the synthesis of UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) and UDP-α-D-galactose (UDP-Gal) 1219:1320 Optimization of parameters (T, pH, inhibitors, kinetics, cofactors and enzyme amount) employing MP-CE analysis is demonstrated for enzyme modules for the synthesis of UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) and UDP-α-D-galactose (UDP-Gal). 27311566 5 39 theme universal 922:930 arg1 method 943:948 a universal separation method 920:948 a universal separation method for nucleotides and nucleotide sugars 920:986 We introduce a universal separation method for nucleotides and nucleotide sugars enabling us to analyze the composition of six different enzyme modules in a high-throughput format. 27311566 1 40 theme enzymatic 298:306 arg1 synthesis 315:323 enzymatic glycan synthesis 298:323 enzymatic glycan synthesis using Leloir-glycosyltransferases 298:357 Nucleotide sugars are considered as bottleneck and expensive substrates for enzymatic glycan synthesis using Leloir-glycosyltransferases. 27311566 5 41 from composition 1015:1025 arg1 format 1080:1085 a high-throughput format 1062:1085 a high-throughput format 1062:1085 We introduce a universal separation method for nucleotides and nucleotide sugars enabling us to analyze the composition of six different enzyme modules in a high-throughput format. 27311566 4 42 theme nucleotide 843:852 arg1 synthesis 860:868 nucleotide sugar synthesis 843:868 nucleotide sugar synthesis 843:868 We here demonstrate for the first time multiplexed CE (MP-CE) as fast analytical tool for the optimization of nucleotide sugar synthesis with multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 7 43 theme high 1346:1349 arg1 g/L⋆h 1400:1404 17 g/L⋆h 1397:1404 17 g/L⋆h for UDP-Gal 1397:1416 In this way we achieve high space-time-yields: 1.8 g/L⋆h for UDP-GlcA and 17 g/L⋆h for UDP-Gal. 27311566 7 43 theme high 1346:1349 arg1 space-time-yields 1351:1367 high space-time-yields 1346:1367 high space-time-yields: 1.8 g/L⋆h for UDP-GlcA and 17 g/L⋆h for UDP-Gal 1346:1416 In this way we achieve high space-time-yields: 1.8 g/L⋆h for UDP-GlcA and 17 g/L⋆h for UDP-Gal. 27311566 7 43 theme high 1346:1349 arg1 g/L⋆h 1374:1378 1.8 g/L⋆h 1370:1378 1.8 g/L⋆h for UDP-GlcA 1370:1391 In this way we achieve high space-time-yields: 1.8 g/L⋆h for UDP-GlcA and 17 g/L⋆h for UDP-Gal. 27311566 3 44 theme such 501:504 arg1 modules 513:519 such enzyme modules 501:519 such enzyme modules 501:519 Optimization of product yields in such enzyme modules is dependent on the interplay of multiple parameters of the individual enzymes and governed by a considerable time effort when convential analytic methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) or HPLC are applied. 27311566 0 45 theme Analytical 41:50 arg1 Tool 52:55 Analytical Tool 41:55 Analytical Tool for Fast Optimization of Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions - Synthesis of Nucleotide Sugars 41:144 Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis as Analytical Tool for Fast Optimization of Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions - Synthesis of Nucleotide Sugars: Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Vladimir Křen on the occasion of his 60th birthday. 27311566 1 46 theme glycan 308:313 arg1 synthesis 315:323 enzymatic glycan synthesis 298:323 enzymatic glycan synthesis using Leloir-glycosyltransferases 298:357 Nucleotide sugars are considered as bottleneck and expensive substrates for enzymatic glycan synthesis using Leloir-glycosyltransferases. 27311566 3 47 theme convential 648:657 arg1 methods 668:674 convential analytic methods 648:674 convential analytic methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) or HPLC 648:718 Optimization of product yields in such enzyme modules is dependent on the interplay of multiple parameters of the individual enzymes and governed by a considerable time effort when convential analytic methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) or HPLC are applied. 27311566 2 48 theme cascade 448:454 arg1 reactions 456:464 multi-enzyme cascade reactions 435:464 multi-enzyme cascade reactions 435:464 Synthesis from cheap substrates such as monosaccharides is accomplished by multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 0 49 theme Fast 61:64 arg1 Optimization 66:77 Fast Optimization 61:77 Fast Optimization of Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions 61:111 Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis as Analytical Tool for Fast Optimization of Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions - Synthesis of Nucleotide Sugars: Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Vladimir Křen on the occasion of his 60th birthday. 27311566 3 50 theme yields 491:496 arg1 Optimization 467:478 Optimization 467:478 Optimization of product yields in such enzyme modules 467:519 Optimization of product yields in such enzyme modules is dependent on the interplay of multiple parameters of the individual enzymes and governed by a considerable time effort when convential analytic methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) or HPLC are applied. 27311566 3 51 theme time 631:634 arg1 effort 636:641 a considerable time effort 616:641 a considerable time effort when convential analytic methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) or HPLC are applied 616:730 Optimization of product yields in such enzyme modules is dependent on the interplay of multiple parameters of the individual enzymes and governed by a considerable time effort when convential analytic methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) or HPLC are applied. 27311566 4 52 theme cascade 888:894 arg1 reactions 896:904 multi-enzyme cascade reactions 875:904 multi-enzyme cascade reactions 875:904 We here demonstrate for the first time multiplexed CE (MP-CE) as fast analytical tool for the optimization of nucleotide sugar synthesis with multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 2 53 theme cheap 375:379 arg1 substrates 381:390 cheap substrates 375:390 cheap substrates such as monosaccharides 375:414 Synthesis from cheap substrates such as monosaccharides is accomplished by multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 2 53 theme cheap 375:379 arg1 monosaccharides 400:414 monosaccharides 400:414 monosaccharides 400:414 Synthesis from cheap substrates such as monosaccharides is accomplished by multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 6 54 theme acid 1274:1277 arg1 synthesis 1242:1250 the synthesis 1238:1250 the synthesis of UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) and UDP-α-D-galactose (UDP-Gal) 1238:1320 Optimization of parameters (T, pH, inhibitors, kinetics, cofactors and enzyme amount) employing MP-CE analysis is demonstrated for enzyme modules for the synthesis of UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) and UDP-α-D-galactose (UDP-Gal). 27311566 8 55 theme general 1480:1486 arg1 tool 1499:1502 general analytical tool 1480:1502 general analytical tool for fast optimization of multi-enzyme cascade reactions 1480:1558 The presented MP-CE methodology has the impact to be used as general analytical tool for fast optimization of multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 4 56 theme sugar 854:858 arg1 synthesis 860:868 nucleotide sugar synthesis 843:868 nucleotide sugar synthesis 843:868 We here demonstrate for the first time multiplexed CE (MP-CE) as fast analytical tool for the optimization of nucleotide sugar synthesis with multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 6 57 theme enzyme 1159:1164 arg1 pH 1119:1120 pH 1119:1120 pH 1119:1120 Optimization of parameters (T, pH, inhibitors, kinetics, cofactors and enzyme amount) employing MP-CE analysis is demonstrated for enzyme modules for the synthesis of UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) and UDP-α-D-galactose (UDP-Gal). 27311566 6 57 theme enzyme 1159:1164 arg1 amount 1166:1171 enzyme amount 1159:1171 enzyme amount 1159:1171 Optimization of parameters (T, pH, inhibitors, kinetics, cofactors and enzyme amount) employing MP-CE analysis is demonstrated for enzyme modules for the synthesis of UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) and UDP-α-D-galactose (UDP-Gal). 27311566 5 58 theme different 1034:1042 arg1 modules 1051:1057 six different enzyme modules 1030:1057 six different enzyme modules 1030:1057 We introduce a universal separation method for nucleotides and nucleotide sugars enabling us to analyze the composition of six different enzyme modules in a high-throughput format. 27311566 5 59 theme high-throughput 1064:1078 arg1 format 1080:1085 a high-throughput format 1062:1085 a high-throughput format 1062:1085 We introduce a universal separation method for nucleotides and nucleotide sugars enabling us to analyze the composition of six different enzyme modules in a high-throughput format. 27311566 5 60 theme nucleotide 970:979 arg1 sugars 981:986 nucleotide sugars 970:986 nucleotide sugars 970:986 We introduce a universal separation method for nucleotides and nucleotide sugars enabling us to analyze the composition of six different enzyme modules in a high-throughput format. 27311566 4 61 theme fast 798:801 arg1 tool 814:817 fast analytical tool 798:817 fast analytical tool for the optimization of nucleotide sugar synthesis with multi-enzyme cascade reactions 798:904 We here demonstrate for the first time multiplexed CE (MP-CE) as fast analytical tool for the optimization of nucleotide sugar synthesis with multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 6 62 theme UDP-α-D-galactose 1294:1310 arg1 synthesis 1242:1250 the synthesis 1238:1250 the synthesis of UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) and UDP-α-D-galactose (UDP-Gal) 1238:1320 Optimization of parameters (T, pH, inhibitors, kinetics, cofactors and enzyme amount) employing MP-CE analysis is demonstrated for enzyme modules for the synthesis of UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) and UDP-α-D-galactose (UDP-Gal). 27311566 3 63 theme capillary 681:689 arg1 CE 708:709 CE 708:709 CE 708:709 Optimization of product yields in such enzyme modules is dependent on the interplay of multiple parameters of the individual enzymes and governed by a considerable time effort when convential analytic methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) or HPLC are applied. 27311566 3 63 theme capillary 681:689 arg1 electrophoresis 691:705 capillary electrophoresis 681:705 capillary electrophoresis (CE) 681:710 Optimization of product yields in such enzyme modules is dependent on the interplay of multiple parameters of the individual enzymes and governed by a considerable time effort when convential analytic methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) or HPLC are applied. 27311566 4 64 theme first 761:765 arg1 time 767:770 the first time multiplexed CE (MP-CE) 757:793 the first time multiplexed CE (MP-CE) 757:793 We here demonstrate for the first time multiplexed CE (MP-CE) as fast analytical tool for the optimization of nucleotide sugar synthesis with multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 1 65 theme Nucleotide 222:231 arg1 sugars 233:238 Nucleotide sugars 222:238 Nucleotide sugars 222:238 Nucleotide sugars are considered as bottleneck and expensive substrates for enzymatic glycan synthesis using Leloir-glycosyltransferases. 27311566 1 65 theme Nucleotide 222:231 arg1 substrates 283:292 bottleneck and expensive substrates 258:292 bottleneck and expensive substrates for enzymatic glycan synthesis using Leloir-glycosyltransferases 258:357 Nucleotide sugars are considered as bottleneck and expensive substrates for enzymatic glycan synthesis using Leloir-glycosyltransferases. 27311566 3 66 theme enzyme 506:511 arg1 modules 513:519 such enzyme modules 501:519 such enzyme modules 501:519 Optimization of product yields in such enzyme modules is dependent on the interplay of multiple parameters of the individual enzymes and governed by a considerable time effort when convential analytic methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) or HPLC are applied. 27311566 3 67 theme analytic 659:666 arg1 methods 668:674 convential analytic methods 648:674 convential analytic methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) or HPLC 648:718 Optimization of product yields in such enzyme modules is dependent on the interplay of multiple parameters of the individual enzymes and governed by a considerable time effort when convential analytic methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) or HPLC are applied. 27311566 6 68 theme UDP-α-D-glucuronic 1255:1272 arg1 UDP-GlcA 1280:1287 UDP-GlcA 1280:1287 UDP-GlcA 1280:1287 Optimization of parameters (T, pH, inhibitors, kinetics, cofactors and enzyme amount) employing MP-CE analysis is demonstrated for enzyme modules for the synthesis of UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) and UDP-α-D-galactose (UDP-Gal). 27311566 6 68 theme UDP-α-D-glucuronic 1255:1272 arg1 acid 1274:1277 UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid 1255:1277 UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) 1255:1288 Optimization of parameters (T, pH, inhibitors, kinetics, cofactors and enzyme amount) employing MP-CE analysis is demonstrated for enzyme modules for the synthesis of UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) and UDP-α-D-galactose (UDP-Gal). 27311566 3 69 theme parameters 563:572 arg1 interplay 541:549 the interplay 537:549 the interplay of multiple parameters of the individual enzymes 537:598 Optimization of product yields in such enzyme modules is dependent on the interplay of multiple parameters of the individual enzymes and governed by a considerable time effort when convential analytic methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) or HPLC are applied. 27311566 8 70 contain has 1451:1453 arg1 methodology 1439:1449 The presented MP-CE methodology 1419:1449 The presented MP-CE methodology 1419:1449 The presented MP-CE methodology has the impact to be used as general analytical tool for fast optimization of multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 8 70 contain has 1451:1453 arg2 impact 1459:1464 the impact 1455:1464 the impact to be used as general analytical tool for fast optimization of multi-enzyme cascade reactions 1455:1558 The presented MP-CE methodology has the impact to be used as general analytical tool for fast optimization of multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 7 71 dep space-time-yields 1351:1367 arg1 space-time-yields 1351:1367 high space-time-yields 1346:1367 high space-time-yields: 1.8 g/L⋆h for UDP-GlcA and 17 g/L⋆h for UDP-Gal 1346:1416 In this way we achieve high space-time-yields: 1.8 g/L⋆h for UDP-GlcA and 17 g/L⋆h for UDP-Gal. 27311566 7 71 dep space-time-yields 1351:1367 arg1 g/L⋆h 1400:1404 17 g/L⋆h 1397:1404 17 g/L⋆h for UDP-Gal 1397:1416 In this way we achieve high space-time-yields: 1.8 g/L⋆h for UDP-GlcA and 17 g/L⋆h for UDP-Gal. 27311566 7 71 dep space-time-yields 1351:1367 arg1 g/L⋆h 1374:1378 1.8 g/L⋆h 1370:1378 1.8 g/L⋆h for UDP-GlcA 1370:1391 In this way we achieve high space-time-yields: 1.8 g/L⋆h for UDP-GlcA and 17 g/L⋆h for UDP-Gal. 27311566 8 72 theme fast 1508:1511 arg1 optimization 1513:1524 fast optimization 1508:1524 fast optimization of multi-enzyme cascade reactions 1508:1558 The presented MP-CE methodology has the impact to be used as general analytical tool for fast optimization of multi-enzyme cascade reactions. 27311566 5 73 theme separation 932:941 arg1 method 943:948 a universal separation method 920:948 a universal separation method for nucleotides and nucleotide sugars 920:986 We introduce a universal separation method for nucleotides and nucleotide sugars enabling us to analyze the composition of six different enzyme modules in a high-throughput format. 26922645 3 0 theme cells 676:680 arg1 composition 637:647 protein composition 629:647 protein composition 629:647 To further improve the use of AcMNPV, we set out to analyze the protein composition and protein changes of Sf9 cells of different infection stages by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques. 26922645 3 0 theme cells 676:680 arg1 changes 661:667 protein changes 653:667 protein changes 653:667 To further improve the use of AcMNPV, we set out to analyze the protein composition and protein changes of Sf9 cells of different infection stages by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques. 26922645 3 1 theme isobaric 715:722 arg1 tag 724:726 isobaric tag 715:726 isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques 715:786 To further improve the use of AcMNPV, we set out to analyze the protein composition and protein changes of Sf9 cells of different infection stages by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques. 26922645 1 2 from potential 346:354 arg1 control 391:397 the biological control 376:397 the biological control of pest insects 376:413 Infection with Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene can induce host cell apoptosis, which provides the possibility to use the potential of these viruses in the biological control of pest insects. 26922645 5 3 from cells 1014:1018 arg1 proteins 978:985 413 proteins 974:985 the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 946:1018 After comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells, we found that 226 proteins were specific to p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells. 26922645 5 3 from cells 1014:1018 arg1 comparation 850:860 comparation 850:860 comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 850:1018 After comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells, we found that 226 proteins were specific to p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells. 26922645 5 3 from cells 1014:1018 arg1 proteins 897:904 the significantly expressed 483 proteins 865:904 the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 865:940 After comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells, we found that 226 proteins were specific to p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells. 26922645 7 4 theme N-Glycan 1453:1460 arg1 biosynthesis 1462:1473 N-Glycan biosynthesis 1453:1473 N-Glycan biosynthesis 1453:1473 Of interest, the most up-regulated proteins related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, RNA transport, Calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and N-Glycan biosynthesis. 26922645 3 5 theme stages 705:710 arg1 composition 637:647 protein composition 629:647 protein composition 629:647 To further improve the use of AcMNPV, we set out to analyze the protein composition and protein changes of Sf9 cells of different infection stages by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques. 26922645 3 5 theme stages 705:710 arg1 changes 661:667 protein changes 653:667 protein changes 653:667 To further improve the use of AcMNPV, we set out to analyze the protein composition and protein changes of Sf9 cells of different infection stages by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques. 26922645 8 6 from Determination 1476:1488 arg1 cells 1549:1553 p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 1516:1553 p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 1516:1553 Determination of the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells would facilitate the better use of this virus-host cell interaction in pest insect control and other related fields. 26922645 5 7 theme p35koAcMNPV-infected 1065:1084 arg1 cells 1090:1094 p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 1065:1094 p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 1065:1094 After comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells, we found that 226 proteins were specific to p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells. 26922645 1 8 theme functional 252:261 arg1 gene 267:270 a functional p35 gene 250:270 a functional p35 gene 250:270 Infection with Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene can induce host cell apoptosis, which provides the possibility to use the potential of these viruses in the biological control of pest insects. 26922645 7 9 theme signaling 1404:1412 arg1 pathway 1414:1420 cGMP-PKG signaling pathway 1395:1420 cGMP-PKG signaling pathway 1395:1420 Of interest, the most up-regulated proteins related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, RNA transport, Calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and N-Glycan biosynthesis. 26922645 3 10 theme iTRAQ 770:774 arg1 techniques 777:786 relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques 732:786 relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques 732:786 To further improve the use of AcMNPV, we set out to analyze the protein composition and protein changes of Sf9 cells of different infection stages by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques. 26922645 8 11 theme protein 1497:1503 arg1 changes 1505:1511 the protein changes 1493:1511 the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 1493:1553 Determination of the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells would facilitate the better use of this virus-host cell interaction in pest insect control and other related fields. 26922645 3 12 theme quantification 754:767 arg1 techniques 777:786 relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques 732:786 relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques 732:786 To further improve the use of AcMNPV, we set out to analyze the protein composition and protein changes of Sf9 cells of different infection stages by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques. 26922645 3 13 theme AcMNPV 595:600 arg1 use 588:590 the use 584:590 the use of AcMNPV 584:600 To further improve the use of AcMNPV, we set out to analyze the protein composition and protein changes of Sf9 cells of different infection stages by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques. 26922645 7 14 theme signaling 1376:1384 arg1 pathway 1386:1392 Calcium signaling pathway 1368:1392 Calcium signaling pathway 1368:1392 Of interest, the most up-regulated proteins related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, RNA transport, Calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and N-Glycan biosynthesis. 26922645 6 15 theme molecular 1223:1231 arg1 functions 1233:1241 molecular functions 1223:1241 molecular functions 1223:1241 The 226 proteins were categorized according to GO classification for insects and were categorized into: biological processes, molecular functions and cellular components. 26922645 5 16 from comparation 850:860 arg1 cells 1014:1018 wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 992:1018 wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 992:1018 After comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells, we found that 226 proteins were specific to p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells. 26922645 5 16 from comparation 850:860 arg1 cells 936:940 p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 911:940 p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 911:940 After comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells, we found that 226 proteins were specific to p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells. 26922645 5 17 theme Sf9 932:934 arg1 cells 936:940 p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 911:940 p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 911:940 After comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells, we found that 226 proteins were specific to p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells. 26922645 2 18 theme knockout 522:529 arg1 AcMNPV 531:536 p35 knockout AcMNPV 518:536 p35 knockout AcMNPV 518:536 Nonetheless, the proteomics or the protein changes of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells infected with p35 knockout AcMNPV have not yet been studied. 26922645 8 19 theme knockout 1520:1527 arg1 cells 1549:1553 p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 1516:1553 p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 1516:1553 Determination of the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells would facilitate the better use of this virus-host cell interaction in pest insect control and other related fields. 26922645 1 20 theme viruses 365:371 arg1 potential 346:354 the potential 342:354 the potential of these viruses in the biological control of pest insects 342:413 Infection with Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene can induce host cell apoptosis, which provides the possibility to use the potential of these viruses in the biological control of pest insects. 26922645 1 21 theme multiple 195:202 arg1 AcMNPV 226:231 AcMNPV 226:231 AcMNPV 226:231 Infection with Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene can induce host cell apoptosis, which provides the possibility to use the potential of these viruses in the biological control of pest insects. 26922645 1 21 theme multiple 195:202 arg1 nucleopolyhedrovirus 204:223 Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus 172:223 Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene 172:270 Infection with Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene can induce host cell apoptosis, which provides the possibility to use the potential of these viruses in the biological control of pest insects. 26922645 8 22 theme Sf9 1545:1547 arg1 cells 1549:1553 p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 1516:1553 p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 1516:1553 Determination of the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells would facilitate the better use of this virus-host cell interaction in pest insect control and other related fields. 26922645 0 23 theme knockout 84:91 arg1 nucleopolyhedrovirus 125:144 p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection 80:154 p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection 80:154 Comparative proteomics analysis of apoptotic Spodoptera frugiperda cells during p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. 26922645 5 24 theme 483 893:895 arg1 proteins 897:904 the significantly expressed 483 proteins 865:904 the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 865:940 After comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells, we found that 226 proteins were specific to p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells. 26922645 0 25 theme californica 104:114 arg1 nucleopolyhedrovirus 125:144 p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection 80:154 p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection 80:154 Comparative proteomics analysis of apoptotic Spodoptera frugiperda cells during p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. 26922645 0 26 dep nucleopolyhedrovirus 125:144 arg1 infection 146:154 infection 146:154 p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection 80:154 Comparative proteomics analysis of apoptotic Spodoptera frugiperda cells during p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. 26922645 1 27 theme Autographa 172:181 arg1 AcMNPV 226:231 AcMNPV 226:231 AcMNPV 226:231 Infection with Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene can induce host cell apoptosis, which provides the possibility to use the potential of these viruses in the biological control of pest insects. 26922645 1 27 theme Autographa 172:181 arg1 nucleopolyhedrovirus 204:223 Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus 172:223 Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene 172:270 Infection with Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene can induce host cell apoptosis, which provides the possibility to use the potential of these viruses in the biological control of pest insects. 26922645 1 28 theme pest 402:405 arg1 insects 407:413 pest insects 402:413 pest insects 402:413 Infection with Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene can induce host cell apoptosis, which provides the possibility to use the potential of these viruses in the biological control of pest insects. 26922645 7 29 dep proteins 1303:1310 arg1 interest 1271:1278 interest 1271:1278 interest 1271:1278 Of interest, the most up-regulated proteins related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, RNA transport, Calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and N-Glycan biosynthesis. 26922645 2 30 theme frugiperda 481:490 arg1 cells 498:502 Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells 470:502 Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells infected with p35 knockout AcMNPV 470:536 Nonetheless, the proteomics or the protein changes of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells infected with p35 knockout AcMNPV have not yet been studied. 26922645 8 31 from changes 1505:1511 arg1 cells 1549:1553 p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 1516:1553 p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 1516:1553 Determination of the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells would facilitate the better use of this virus-host cell interaction in pest insect control and other related fields. 26922645 0 32 theme Comparative 0:10 arg1 analysis 23:30 Comparative proteomics analysis 0:30 Comparative proteomics analysis of apoptotic Spodoptera frugiperda cells during p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. 0:155 Comparative proteomics analysis of apoptotic Spodoptera frugiperda cells during p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. 26922645 1 33 with Infection 157:165 arg1 mutants 234:240 Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants 172:240 Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene 172:270 Infection with Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene can induce host cell apoptosis, which provides the possibility to use the potential of these viruses in the biological control of pest insects. 26922645 2 34 theme protein 451:457 arg1 changes 459:465 the protein changes 447:465 the protein changes of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells infected with p35 knockout AcMNPV 447:536 Nonetheless, the proteomics or the protein changes of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells infected with p35 knockout AcMNPV have not yet been studied. 26922645 7 35 theme virus 1336:1340 arg1 infection 1342:1350 Epstein-Barr virus infection 1323:1350 Epstein-Barr virus infection 1323:1350 Of interest, the most up-regulated proteins related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, RNA transport, Calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and N-Glycan biosynthesis. 26922645 2 36 theme cells 498:502 arg1 changes 459:465 the protein changes 447:465 the protein changes of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells infected with p35 knockout AcMNPV 447:536 Nonetheless, the proteomics or the protein changes of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells infected with p35 knockout AcMNPV have not yet been studied. 26922645 2 36 theme cells 498:502 arg1 proteomics 433:442 the proteomics 429:442 the proteomics 429:442 Nonetheless, the proteomics or the protein changes of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells infected with p35 knockout AcMNPV have not yet been studied. 26922645 8 37 theme cell 1606:1609 arg1 interaction 1611:1621 this virus-host cell interaction 1590:1621 this virus-host cell interaction 1590:1621 Determination of the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells would facilitate the better use of this virus-host cell interaction in pest insect control and other related fields. 26922645 4 38 theme 4004 800:803 arg1 proteins 809:816 4004 sf9 proteins 800:816 4004 sf9 proteins 800:816 A total of 4004 sf9 proteins were identified by iTRAQ. 26922645 0 39 theme apoptotic 35:43 arg1 cells 67:71 apoptotic Spodoptera frugiperda cells 35:71 apoptotic Spodoptera frugiperda cells 35:71 Comparative proteomics analysis of apoptotic Spodoptera frugiperda cells during p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. 26922645 8 40 from use 1583:1585 arg1 fields 1664:1669 other related fields 1650:1669 other related fields 1650:1669 Determination of the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells would facilitate the better use of this virus-host cell interaction in pest insect control and other related fields. 26922645 8 40 from use 1583:1585 arg1 control 1638:1644 pest insect control 1626:1644 pest insect control 1626:1644 Determination of the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells would facilitate the better use of this virus-host cell interaction in pest insect control and other related fields. 26922645 3 41 theme protein 629:635 arg1 composition 637:647 protein composition 629:647 protein composition 629:647 To further improve the use of AcMNPV, we set out to analyze the protein composition and protein changes of Sf9 cells of different infection stages by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques. 26922645 4 42 theme proteins 809:816 arg1 total 791:795 A total 789:795 A total of 4004 sf9 proteins 789:816 A total of 4004 sf9 proteins were identified by iTRAQ. 26922645 0 43 theme frugiperda 56:65 arg1 cells 67:71 apoptotic Spodoptera frugiperda cells 35:71 apoptotic Spodoptera frugiperda cells 35:71 Comparative proteomics analysis of apoptotic Spodoptera frugiperda cells during p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. 26922645 5 44 theme 226 1035:1037 arg1 proteins 1039:1046 226 proteins 1035:1046 226 proteins 1035:1046 After comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells, we found that 226 proteins were specific to p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells. 26922645 6 45 theme biological 1201:1210 arg1 processes 1212:1220 biological processes 1201:1220 biological processes 1201:1220 The 226 proteins were categorized according to GO classification for insects and were categorized into: biological processes, molecular functions and cellular components. 26922645 3 46 theme Sf9 672:674 arg1 cells 676:680 Sf9 cells 672:680 Sf9 cells 672:680 To further improve the use of AcMNPV, we set out to analyze the protein composition and protein changes of Sf9 cells of different infection stages by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques. 26922645 5 47 theme Sf9 1010:1012 arg1 cells 1014:1018 wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 992:1018 wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 992:1018 After comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells, we found that 226 proteins were specific to p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells. 26922645 7 48 theme most 1285:1288 arg1 proteins 1303:1310 the most up-regulated proteins 1281:1310 the most up-regulated proteins related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, RNA transport, Calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and N-Glycan biosynthesis 1281:1473 Of interest, the most up-regulated proteins related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, RNA transport, Calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and N-Glycan biosynthesis. 26922645 3 49 dep composition 637:647 arg1 the 625:627 the 625:627 the 625:627 To further improve the use of AcMNPV, we set out to analyze the protein composition and protein changes of Sf9 cells of different infection stages by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques. 26922645 8 50 theme related 1656:1662 arg1 fields 1664:1669 other related fields 1650:1669 other related fields 1650:1669 Determination of the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells would facilitate the better use of this virus-host cell interaction in pest insect control and other related fields. 26922645 3 51 theme infection 695:703 arg1 stages 705:710 different infection stages 685:710 different infection stages 685:710 To further improve the use of AcMNPV, we set out to analyze the protein composition and protein changes of Sf9 cells of different infection stages by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques. 26922645 5 52 theme expressed 883:891 arg1 proteins 897:904 the significantly expressed 483 proteins 865:904 the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 865:940 After comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells, we found that 226 proteins were specific to p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells. 26922645 3 53 theme absolute 745:752 arg1 techniques 777:786 relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques 732:786 relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques 732:786 To further improve the use of AcMNPV, we set out to analyze the protein composition and protein changes of Sf9 cells of different infection stages by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques. 26922645 7 54 theme oxidative 1423:1431 arg1 phosphorylation 1433:1447 oxidative phosphorylation 1423:1447 oxidative phosphorylation 1423:1447 Of interest, the most up-regulated proteins related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, RNA transport, Calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and N-Glycan biosynthesis. 26922645 3 55 theme relative 732:739 arg1 techniques 777:786 relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques 732:786 relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques 732:786 To further improve the use of AcMNPV, we set out to analyze the protein composition and protein changes of Sf9 cells of different infection stages by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques. 26922645 5 56 theme Sf9 1086:1088 arg1 cells 1090:1094 p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 1065:1094 p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 1065:1094 After comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells, we found that 226 proteins were specific to p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells. 26922645 1 57 theme p35 263:265 arg1 gene 267:270 a functional p35 gene 250:270 a functional p35 gene 250:270 Infection with Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene can induce host cell apoptosis, which provides the possibility to use the potential of these viruses in the biological control of pest insects. 26922645 8 58 theme changes 1505:1511 arg1 Determination 1476:1488 Determination 1476:1488 Determination of the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 1476:1553 Determination of the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells would facilitate the better use of this virus-host cell interaction in pest insect control and other related fields. 26922645 6 59 theme cellular 1247:1254 arg1 components 1256:1265 cellular components 1247:1265 cellular components 1247:1265 The 226 proteins were categorized according to GO classification for insects and were categorized into: biological processes, molecular functions and cellular components. 26922645 8 60 theme insect 1631:1636 arg1 control 1638:1644 pest insect control 1626:1644 pest insect control 1626:1644 Determination of the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells would facilitate the better use of this virus-host cell interaction in pest insect control and other related fields. 26922645 5 61 theme proteins 897:904 arg1 comparation 850:860 comparation 850:860 comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 850:1018 After comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells, we found that 226 proteins were specific to p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells. 26922645 8 62 theme p35 1516:1518 arg1 cells 1549:1553 p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 1516:1553 p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 1516:1553 Determination of the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells would facilitate the better use of this virus-host cell interaction in pest insect control and other related fields. 26922645 7 63 theme cGMP-PKG 1395:1402 arg1 pathway 1414:1420 cGMP-PKG signaling pathway 1395:1420 cGMP-PKG signaling pathway 1395:1420 Of interest, the most up-regulated proteins related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, RNA transport, Calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and N-Glycan biosynthesis. 26922645 5 64 theme p35koAcMNPV-infected 911:930 arg1 cells 936:940 p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 911:940 p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 911:940 After comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells, we found that 226 proteins were specific to p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells. 26922645 8 65 theme AcMNPV-infected 1529:1543 arg1 cells 1549:1553 p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 1516:1553 p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 1516:1553 Determination of the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells would facilitate the better use of this virus-host cell interaction in pest insect control and other related fields. 26922645 0 66 theme p35 80:82 arg1 nucleopolyhedrovirus 125:144 p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection 80:154 p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection 80:154 Comparative proteomics analysis of apoptotic Spodoptera frugiperda cells during p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. 26922645 1 67 theme californica 183:193 arg1 AcMNPV 226:231 AcMNPV 226:231 AcMNPV 226:231 Infection with Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene can induce host cell apoptosis, which provides the possibility to use the potential of these viruses in the biological control of pest insects. 26922645 1 67 theme californica 183:193 arg1 nucleopolyhedrovirus 204:223 Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus 172:223 Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene 172:270 Infection with Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene can induce host cell apoptosis, which provides the possibility to use the potential of these viruses in the biological control of pest insects. 26922645 2 68 theme p35 518:520 arg1 AcMNPV 531:536 p35 knockout AcMNPV 518:536 p35 knockout AcMNPV 518:536 Nonetheless, the proteomics or the protein changes of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells infected with p35 knockout AcMNPV have not yet been studied. 26922645 7 69 theme Calcium 1368:1374 arg1 pathway 1386:1392 Calcium signaling pathway 1368:1392 Calcium signaling pathway 1368:1392 Of interest, the most up-regulated proteins related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, RNA transport, Calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and N-Glycan biosynthesis. 26922645 0 70 theme Autographa 93:102 arg1 nucleopolyhedrovirus 125:144 p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection 80:154 p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection 80:154 Comparative proteomics analysis of apoptotic Spodoptera frugiperda cells during p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. 26922645 1 71 theme nucleopolyhedrovirus 204:223 arg1 mutants 234:240 Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants 172:240 Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene 172:270 Infection with Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene can induce host cell apoptosis, which provides the possibility to use the potential of these viruses in the biological control of pest insects. 26922645 0 72 theme multiple 116:123 arg1 nucleopolyhedrovirus 125:144 p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection 80:154 p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection 80:154 Comparative proteomics analysis of apoptotic Spodoptera frugiperda cells during p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. 26922645 1 73 theme biological 380:389 arg1 control 391:397 the biological control 376:397 the biological control of pest insects 376:413 Infection with Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene can induce host cell apoptosis, which provides the possibility to use the potential of these viruses in the biological control of pest insects. 26922645 5 74 theme expressed 964:972 arg1 proteins 978:985 413 proteins 974:985 the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 946:1018 After comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells, we found that 226 proteins were specific to p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells. 26922645 8 75 theme better 1576:1581 arg1 use 1583:1585 the better use 1572:1585 the better use of this virus-host cell interaction in pest insect control and other related fields 1572:1669 Determination of the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells would facilitate the better use of this virus-host cell interaction in pest insect control and other related fields. 26922645 5 76 theme proteins 978:985 arg1 comparation 850:860 comparation 850:860 comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 850:1018 After comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells, we found that 226 proteins were specific to p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells. 26922645 7 77 theme RNA 1353:1355 arg1 transport 1357:1365 RNA transport 1353:1365 RNA transport 1353:1365 Of interest, the most up-regulated proteins related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, RNA transport, Calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and N-Glycan biosynthesis. 26922645 0 78 theme proteomics 12:21 arg1 analysis 23:30 Comparative proteomics analysis 0:30 Comparative proteomics analysis of apoptotic Spodoptera frugiperda cells during p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. 0:155 Comparative proteomics analysis of apoptotic Spodoptera frugiperda cells during p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. 26922645 1 79 theme insects 407:413 arg1 control 391:397 the biological control 376:397 the biological control of pest insects 376:413 Infection with Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene can induce host cell apoptosis, which provides the possibility to use the potential of these viruses in the biological control of pest insects. 26922645 2 80 theme Spodoptera 470:479 arg1 Sf9 493:495 Sf9 493:495 Sf9 493:495 Nonetheless, the proteomics or the protein changes of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells infected with p35 knockout AcMNPV have not yet been studied. 26922645 2 80 theme Spodoptera 470:479 arg1 frugiperda 481:490 Spodoptera frugiperda 470:490 Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells infected with p35 knockout AcMNPV 470:536 Nonetheless, the proteomics or the protein changes of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells infected with p35 knockout AcMNPV have not yet been studied. 26922645 8 81 theme virus-host 1595:1604 arg1 interaction 1611:1621 this virus-host cell interaction 1590:1621 this virus-host cell interaction 1590:1621 Determination of the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells would facilitate the better use of this virus-host cell interaction in pest insect control and other related fields. 26922645 8 82 from cells 1549:1553 arg1 Determination 1476:1488 Determination 1476:1488 Determination of the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 1476:1553 Determination of the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells would facilitate the better use of this virus-host cell interaction in pest insect control and other related fields. 26922645 7 83 theme Epstein-Barr 1323:1334 arg1 infection 1342:1350 Epstein-Barr virus infection 1323:1350 Epstein-Barr virus infection 1323:1350 Of interest, the most up-regulated proteins related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, RNA transport, Calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and N-Glycan biosynthesis. 26922645 8 84 theme interaction 1611:1621 arg1 use 1583:1585 the better use 1572:1585 the better use of this virus-host cell interaction in pest insect control and other related fields 1572:1669 Determination of the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells would facilitate the better use of this virus-host cell interaction in pest insect control and other related fields. 26922645 0 85 theme Spodoptera 45:54 arg1 cells 67:71 apoptotic Spodoptera frugiperda cells 35:71 apoptotic Spodoptera frugiperda cells 35:71 Comparative proteomics analysis of apoptotic Spodoptera frugiperda cells during p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. 26922645 7 86 theme related 1312:1318 arg1 proteins 1303:1310 the most up-regulated proteins 1281:1310 the most up-regulated proteins related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, RNA transport, Calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and N-Glycan biosynthesis 1281:1473 Of interest, the most up-regulated proteins related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, RNA transport, Calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and N-Glycan biosynthesis. 26922645 8 87 theme pest 1626:1629 arg1 control 1638:1644 pest insect control 1626:1644 pest insect control 1626:1644 Determination of the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells would facilitate the better use of this virus-host cell interaction in pest insect control and other related fields. 26922645 1 88 theme host 283:286 arg1 apoptosis 293:301 host cell apoptosis 283:301 host cell apoptosis 283:301 Infection with Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene can induce host cell apoptosis, which provides the possibility to use the potential of these viruses in the biological control of pest insects. 26922645 0 89 theme cells 67:71 arg1 analysis 23:30 Comparative proteomics analysis 0:30 Comparative proteomics analysis of apoptotic Spodoptera frugiperda cells during p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. 0:155 Comparative proteomics analysis of apoptotic Spodoptera frugiperda cells during p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. 26922645 7 90 theme up-regulated 1290:1301 arg1 proteins 1303:1310 the most up-regulated proteins 1281:1310 the most up-regulated proteins related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, RNA transport, Calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and N-Glycan biosynthesis 1281:1473 Of interest, the most up-regulated proteins related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, RNA transport, Calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and N-Glycan biosynthesis. 26922645 4 91 theme sf9 805:807 arg1 proteins 809:816 4004 sf9 proteins 800:816 4004 sf9 proteins 800:816 A total of 4004 sf9 proteins were identified by iTRAQ. 26922645 5 92 theme wtAcMNPV-infected 992:1008 arg1 cells 1014:1018 wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 992:1018 wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 992:1018 After comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells, we found that 226 proteins were specific to p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells. 26922645 8 93 theme other 1650:1654 arg1 fields 1664:1669 other related fields 1650:1669 other related fields 1650:1669 Determination of the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells would facilitate the better use of this virus-host cell interaction in pest insect control and other related fields. 26922645 3 94 theme protein 653:659 arg1 changes 661:667 protein changes 653:667 protein changes 653:667 To further improve the use of AcMNPV, we set out to analyze the protein composition and protein changes of Sf9 cells of different infection stages by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques. 26922645 5 95 from cells 936:940 arg1 proteins 978:985 413 proteins 974:985 the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 946:1018 After comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells, we found that 226 proteins were specific to p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells. 26922645 5 95 from cells 936:940 arg1 comparation 850:860 comparation 850:860 comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 850:1018 After comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells, we found that 226 proteins were specific to p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells. 26922645 5 95 from cells 936:940 arg1 proteins 897:904 the significantly expressed 483 proteins 865:904 the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells 865:940 After comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells, we found that 226 proteins were specific to p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells. 26922645 3 96 theme different 685:693 arg1 stages 705:710 different infection stages 685:710 different infection stages 685:710 To further improve the use of AcMNPV, we set out to analyze the protein composition and protein changes of Sf9 cells of different infection stages by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques. 26922645 1 97 theme cell 288:291 arg1 apoptosis 293:301 host cell apoptosis 283:301 host cell apoptosis 283:301 Infection with Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene can induce host cell apoptosis, which provides the possibility to use the potential of these viruses in the biological control of pest insects. 26841945 5 0 from upregulation 1093:1104 arg1 mucosa 1167:1172 colonic mucosa 1159:1172 colonic mucosa 1159:1172 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 2 1 theme colon 529:533 arg1 changes 423:429 the changes 419:429 the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa 419:493 In the present study, 12 male goats were randomly assigned to either a hay diet (n = 6) or an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) to characterise the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa and the mucosal morphology of the colon. 26841945 2 1 theme colon 529:533 arg1 morphology 511:520 the mucosal morphology 499:520 the mucosal morphology of the colon 499:533 In the present study, 12 male goats were randomly assigned to either a hay diet (n = 6) or an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) to characterise the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa and the mucosal morphology of the colon. 26841945 3 2 theme acids 656:660 arg1 concentrations 614:627 the concentrations 610:627 the concentrations of total short chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides in colonic digesta 610:703 The results showed that HG feeding decreased the colonic pH and increased the concentrations of total short chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides in colonic digesta. 26841945 4 3 theme colonic 784:790 arg1 communities 810:820 the colonic mucosal bacterial communities 780:820 the colonic mucosal bacterial communities 780:820 The principal coordinate analysis results showed that the HG diet altered the colonic mucosal bacterial communities, with an increase in the abundance of genus Blautia and a decrease in the abundance of genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus. 26841945 3 4 theme chain 644:648 arg1 acids 656:660 total short chain fatty acids 632:660 total short chain fatty acids 632:660 The results showed that HG feeding decreased the colonic pH and increased the concentrations of total short chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides in colonic digesta. 26841945 5 5 theme expression 1127:1136 arg1 damage 1081:1086 cell mitochondrial damage 1062:1086 cell mitochondrial damage 1062:1086 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 5 5 theme expression 1127:1136 arg1 upregulation 1093:1104 upregulation 1093:1104 upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa 1093:1172 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 5 5 theme expression 1127:1136 arg1 erosion 1053:1059 intercellular tight junction erosion 1024:1059 intercellular tight junction erosion 1024:1059 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 5 5 theme expression 1127:1136 arg1 epithelium 1012:1021 the surface layer epithelium 994:1021 the surface layer epithelium 994:1021 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 6 6 theme bacterial 1368:1376 arg1 populations 1378:1388 the bacterial populations 1364:1388 the bacterial populations 1364:1388 Collectively, our data indicate that HG feeding induced changes in colonic mucosal morphology and cytokines expression that might be caused by excessive fermentation and dramatic shifts in the bacterial populations in the colon. 26841945 4 7 theme bacterial 800:808 arg1 communities 810:820 the colonic mucosal bacterial communities 780:820 the colonic mucosal bacterial communities 780:820 The principal coordinate analysis results showed that the HG diet altered the colonic mucosal bacterial communities, with an increase in the abundance of genus Blautia and a decrease in the abundance of genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus. 26841945 4 8 dep genera 909:914 arg1 Bacillus 916:923 genera Bacillus 909:923 genera Bacillus 909:923 The principal coordinate analysis results showed that the HG diet altered the colonic mucosal bacterial communities, with an increase in the abundance of genus Blautia and a decrease in the abundance of genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus. 26841945 3 9 theme colonic 689:695 arg1 digesta 697:703 colonic digesta 689:703 colonic digesta 689:703 The results showed that HG feeding decreased the colonic pH and increased the concentrations of total short chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides in colonic digesta. 26841945 4 10 dep analysis 731:738 arg1 results 740:746 results 740:746 results 740:746 The principal coordinate analysis results showed that the HG diet altered the colonic mucosal bacterial communities, with an increase in the abundance of genus Blautia and a decrease in the abundance of genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus. 26841945 3 11 theme lipopolysaccharides 666:684 arg1 concentrations 614:627 the concentrations 610:627 the concentrations of total short chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides in colonic digesta 610:703 The results showed that HG feeding decreased the colonic pH and increased the concentrations of total short chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides in colonic digesta. 26841945 2 12 theme colonic 480:486 arg1 mucosa 488:493 colonic mucosa 480:493 colonic mucosa 480:493 In the present study, 12 male goats were randomly assigned to either a hay diet (n = 6) or an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) to characterise the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa and the mucosal morphology of the colon. 26841945 2 13 from changes 423:429 arg1 composition 438:448 the composition 434:448 the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa 434:493 In the present study, 12 male goats were randomly assigned to either a hay diet (n = 6) or an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) to characterise the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa and the mucosal morphology of the colon. 26841945 6 14 theme colonic 1242:1248 arg1 morphology 1258:1267 colonic mucosal morphology 1242:1267 colonic mucosal morphology 1242:1267 Collectively, our data indicate that HG feeding induced changes in colonic mucosal morphology and cytokines expression that might be caused by excessive fermentation and dramatic shifts in the bacterial populations in the colon. 26841945 5 15 theme layer 1006:1010 arg1 epithelium 1012:1021 the surface layer epithelium 994:1021 the surface layer epithelium 994:1021 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 5 16 from mucosa 1167:1172 arg1 damage 1081:1086 cell mitochondrial damage 1062:1086 cell mitochondrial damage 1062:1086 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 5 16 from mucosa 1167:1172 arg1 upregulation 1093:1104 upregulation 1093:1104 upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa 1093:1172 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 5 16 from mucosa 1167:1172 arg1 erosion 1053:1059 intercellular tight junction erosion 1024:1059 intercellular tight junction erosion 1024:1059 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 5 16 from mucosa 1167:1172 arg1 epithelium 1012:1021 the surface layer epithelium 994:1021 the surface layer epithelium 994:1021 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 2 17 theme mucosal 503:509 arg1 morphology 511:520 the mucosal morphology 499:520 the mucosal morphology of the colon 499:533 In the present study, 12 male goats were randomly assigned to either a hay diet (n = 6) or an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) to characterise the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa and the mucosal morphology of the colon. 26841945 6 18 from shifts 1354:1359 arg1 colon 1397:1401 the colon 1393:1401 the colon 1393:1401 Collectively, our data indicate that HG feeding induced changes in colonic mucosal morphology and cytokines expression that might be caused by excessive fermentation and dramatic shifts in the bacterial populations in the colon. 26841945 6 18 from shifts 1354:1359 arg1 populations 1378:1388 the bacterial populations 1364:1388 the bacterial populations 1364:1388 Collectively, our data indicate that HG feeding induced changes in colonic mucosal morphology and cytokines expression that might be caused by excessive fermentation and dramatic shifts in the bacterial populations in the colon. 26841945 3 19 theme HG 560:561 arg1 feeding 563:569 HG feeding 560:569 HG feeding 560:569 The results showed that HG feeding decreased the colonic pH and increased the concentrations of total short chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides in colonic digesta. 26841945 5 20 theme IL-2 1141:1144 arg1 expression 1127:1136 the relative mRNA expression 1109:1136 the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa 1109:1172 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 5 21 theme erosion 1053:1059 arg1 sloughing 981:989 sloughing 981:989 sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa 981:1172 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 1 22 from impact 186:191 arg1 bacteria 249:256 colonic mucosa-associated bacteria 223:256 colonic mucosa-associated bacteria 223:256 Remarkably little information is available about the impact of high-grain (HG) feeding on colonic mucosa-associated bacteria and mucosal morphology. 26841945 1 22 from impact 186:191 arg1 morphology 270:279 mucosal morphology 262:279 mucosal morphology 262:279 Remarkably little information is available about the impact of high-grain (HG) feeding on colonic mucosa-associated bacteria and mucosal morphology. 26841945 5 23 theme cell 1062:1065 arg1 damage 1081:1086 cell mitochondrial damage 1062:1086 cell mitochondrial damage 1062:1086 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 0 24 from injuries 114:121 arg1 goats 126:130 goats 126:130 goats 126:130 Grain-rich diets altered the colonic fermentation and mucosa-associated bacterial communities and induced mucosal injuries in goats. 26841945 2 25 theme community 467:475 arg1 composition 438:448 the composition 434:448 the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa 434:493 In the present study, 12 male goats were randomly assigned to either a hay diet (n = 6) or an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) to characterise the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa and the mucosal morphology of the colon. 26841945 5 26 from epithelium 1012:1021 arg1 mucosa 1167:1172 colonic mucosa 1159:1172 colonic mucosa 1159:1172 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 4 27 theme coordinate 720:729 arg1 analysis 731:738 The principal coordinate analysis results 706:746 The principal coordinate analysis results 706:746 The principal coordinate analysis results showed that the HG diet altered the colonic mucosal bacterial communities, with an increase in the abundance of genus Blautia and a decrease in the abundance of genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus. 26841945 5 28 theme tight 1038:1042 arg1 junction 1044:1051 intercellular tight junction 1024:1051 intercellular tight junction erosion 1024:1059 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 0 29 theme Grain-rich 0:9 arg1 diets 11:15 Grain-rich diets 0:15 Grain-rich diets 0:15 Grain-rich diets altered the colonic fermentation and mucosa-associated bacterial communities and induced mucosal injuries in goats. 26841945 2 30 theme grain 389:393 arg1 diet 379:382 an HG diet 373:382 an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) 373:401 In the present study, 12 male goats were randomly assigned to either a hay diet (n = 6) or an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) to characterise the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa and the mucosal morphology of the colon. 26841945 2 30 theme grain 389:393 arg1 n = 6 396:400 65% grain; n = 6 385:400 65% grain; n = 6 385:400 In the present study, 12 male goats were randomly assigned to either a hay diet (n = 6) or an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) to characterise the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa and the mucosal morphology of the colon. 26841945 5 31 theme relative 1113:1120 arg1 expression 1127:1136 the relative mRNA expression 1109:1136 the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa 1109:1172 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 4 32 theme Enterococcus 926:937 arg1 abundance 896:904 the abundance 892:904 the abundance of genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus 892:954 The principal coordinate analysis results showed that the HG diet altered the colonic mucosal bacterial communities, with an increase in the abundance of genus Blautia and a decrease in the abundance of genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus. 26841945 3 33 theme colonic 585:591 arg1 pH 593:594 the colonic pH 581:594 the colonic pH 581:594 The results showed that HG feeding decreased the colonic pH and increased the concentrations of total short chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides in colonic digesta. 26841945 4 34 theme HG 764:765 arg1 diet 767:770 the HG diet 760:770 the HG diet 760:770 The principal coordinate analysis results showed that the HG diet altered the colonic mucosal bacterial communities, with an increase in the abundance of genus Blautia and a decrease in the abundance of genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus. 26841945 6 35 theme dramatic 1345:1352 arg1 shifts 1354:1359 dramatic shifts 1345:1359 dramatic shifts in the bacterial populations in the colon 1345:1401 Collectively, our data indicate that HG feeding induced changes in colonic mucosal morphology and cytokines expression that might be caused by excessive fermentation and dramatic shifts in the bacterial populations in the colon. 26841945 5 36 theme damage 1081:1086 arg1 sloughing 981:989 sloughing 981:989 sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa 981:1172 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 0 37 theme colonic 29:35 arg1 fermentation 37:48 the colonic fermentation 25:48 the colonic fermentation 25:48 Grain-rich diets altered the colonic fermentation and mucosa-associated bacterial communities and induced mucosal injuries in goats. 26841945 0 38 theme bacterial 72:80 arg1 communities 82:92 mucosa-associated bacterial communities 54:92 mucosa-associated bacterial communities 54:92 Grain-rich diets altered the colonic fermentation and mucosa-associated bacterial communities and induced mucosal injuries in goats. 26841945 5 39 theme HG-fed 961:966 arg1 goats 968:972 The HG-fed goats 957:972 The HG-fed goats 957:972 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 1 40 theme colonic 223:229 arg1 bacteria 249:256 colonic mucosa-associated bacteria 223:256 colonic mucosa-associated bacteria 223:256 Remarkably little information is available about the impact of high-grain (HG) feeding on colonic mucosa-associated bacteria and mucosal morphology. 26841945 5 41 theme colonic 1159:1165 arg1 mucosa 1167:1172 colonic mucosa 1159:1172 colonic mucosa 1159:1172 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 5 42 from erosion 1053:1059 arg1 mucosa 1167:1172 colonic mucosa 1159:1172 colonic mucosa 1159:1172 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 2 43 from mucosa 488:493 arg1 composition 438:448 the composition 434:448 the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa 434:493 In the present study, 12 male goats were randomly assigned to either a hay diet (n = 6) or an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) to characterise the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa and the mucosal morphology of the colon. 26841945 3 44 theme short 638:642 arg1 acids 656:660 total short chain fatty acids 632:660 total short chain fatty acids 632:660 The results showed that HG feeding decreased the colonic pH and increased the concentrations of total short chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides in colonic digesta. 26841945 6 45 theme HG 1212:1213 arg1 feeding 1215:1221 HG feeding 1212:1221 HG feeding 1212:1221 Collectively, our data indicate that HG feeding induced changes in colonic mucosal morphology and cytokines expression that might be caused by excessive fermentation and dramatic shifts in the bacterial populations in the colon. 26841945 2 46 theme hay 353:355 arg1 n = 6 363:367 n = 6 363:367 n = 6 363:367 In the present study, 12 male goats were randomly assigned to either a hay diet (n = 6) or an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) to characterise the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa and the mucosal morphology of the colon. 26841945 2 46 theme hay 353:355 arg1 diet 357:360 a hay diet 351:360 a hay diet (n = 6) 351:368 In the present study, 12 male goats were randomly assigned to either a hay diet (n = 6) or an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) to characterise the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa and the mucosal morphology of the colon. 26841945 1 47 theme mucosal 262:268 arg1 morphology 270:279 mucosal morphology 262:279 mucosal morphology 262:279 Remarkably little information is available about the impact of high-grain (HG) feeding on colonic mucosa-associated bacteria and mucosal morphology. 26841945 5 48 from damage 1081:1086 arg1 mucosa 1167:1172 colonic mucosa 1159:1172 colonic mucosa 1159:1172 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 4 49 from decrease 880:887 arg1 abundance 847:855 the abundance 843:855 the abundance of genus Blautia 843:872 The principal coordinate analysis results showed that the HG diet altered the colonic mucosal bacterial communities, with an increase in the abundance of genus Blautia and a decrease in the abundance of genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus. 26841945 4 49 from decrease 880:887 arg1 abundance 896:904 the abundance 892:904 the abundance of genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus 892:954 The principal coordinate analysis results showed that the HG diet altered the colonic mucosal bacterial communities, with an increase in the abundance of genus Blautia and a decrease in the abundance of genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus. 26841945 2 50 from morphology 511:520 arg1 composition 438:448 the composition 434:448 the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa 434:493 In the present study, 12 male goats were randomly assigned to either a hay diet (n = 6) or an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) to characterise the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa and the mucosal morphology of the colon. 26841945 2 51 theme present 289:295 arg1 study 297:301 the present study 285:301 the present study 285:301 In the present study, 12 male goats were randomly assigned to either a hay diet (n = 6) or an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) to characterise the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa and the mucosal morphology of the colon. 26841945 3 52 theme fatty 650:654 arg1 acids 656:660 total short chain fatty acids 632:660 total short chain fatty acids 632:660 The results showed that HG feeding decreased the colonic pH and increased the concentrations of total short chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides in colonic digesta. 26841945 1 53 theme high-grain 196:205 arg1 impact 186:191 the impact 182:191 the impact of high-grain (HG) feeding on colonic mucosa-associated bacteria and mucosal morphology 182:279 Remarkably little information is available about the impact of high-grain (HG) feeding on colonic mucosa-associated bacteria and mucosal morphology. 26841945 4 54 theme mucosal 792:798 arg1 communities 810:820 the colonic mucosal bacterial communities 780:820 the colonic mucosal bacterial communities 780:820 The principal coordinate analysis results showed that the HG diet altered the colonic mucosal bacterial communities, with an increase in the abundance of genus Blautia and a decrease in the abundance of genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus. 26841945 2 55 theme male 307:310 arg1 goats 312:316 12 male goats 304:316 12 male goats 304:316 In the present study, 12 male goats were randomly assigned to either a hay diet (n = 6) or an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) to characterise the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa and the mucosal morphology of the colon. 26841945 3 56 from concentrations 614:627 arg1 digesta 697:703 colonic digesta 689:703 colonic digesta 689:703 The results showed that HG feeding decreased the colonic pH and increased the concentrations of total short chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides in colonic digesta. 26841945 6 57 theme mucosal 1250:1256 arg1 morphology 1258:1267 colonic mucosal morphology 1242:1267 colonic mucosal morphology 1242:1267 Collectively, our data indicate that HG feeding induced changes in colonic mucosal morphology and cytokines expression that might be caused by excessive fermentation and dramatic shifts in the bacterial populations in the colon. 26841945 5 58 theme surface 998:1004 arg1 epithelium 1012:1021 the surface layer epithelium 994:1021 the surface layer epithelium 994:1021 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 4 59 theme Blautia 866:872 arg1 abundance 847:855 the abundance 843:855 the abundance of genus Blautia 843:872 The principal coordinate analysis results showed that the HG diet altered the colonic mucosal bacterial communities, with an increase in the abundance of genus Blautia and a decrease in the abundance of genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus. 26841945 2 60 from composition 438:448 arg1 mucosa 488:493 colonic mucosa 480:493 colonic mucosa 480:493 In the present study, 12 male goats were randomly assigned to either a hay diet (n = 6) or an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) to characterise the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa and the mucosal morphology of the colon. 26841945 5 61 theme upregulation 1093:1104 arg1 sloughing 981:989 sloughing 981:989 sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa 981:1172 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 5 62 theme epithelium 1012:1021 arg1 sloughing 981:989 sloughing 981:989 sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa 981:1172 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 6 63 dep morphology 1258:1267 arg1 expression 1283:1292 expression 1283:1292 expression 1283:1292 Collectively, our data indicate that HG feeding induced changes in colonic mucosal morphology and cytokines expression that might be caused by excessive fermentation and dramatic shifts in the bacterial populations in the colon. 26841945 6 64 from fermentation 1328:1339 arg1 colon 1397:1401 the colon 1393:1401 the colon 1393:1401 Collectively, our data indicate that HG feeding induced changes in colonic mucosal morphology and cytokines expression that might be caused by excessive fermentation and dramatic shifts in the bacterial populations in the colon. 26841945 6 64 from fermentation 1328:1339 arg1 populations 1378:1388 the bacterial populations 1364:1388 the bacterial populations 1364:1388 Collectively, our data indicate that HG feeding induced changes in colonic mucosal morphology and cytokines expression that might be caused by excessive fermentation and dramatic shifts in the bacterial populations in the colon. 26841945 1 65 theme little 144:149 arg1 information 151:161 Remarkably little information 133:161 Remarkably little information 133:161 Remarkably little information is available about the impact of high-grain (HG) feeding on colonic mucosa-associated bacteria and mucosal morphology. 26841945 2 66 from community 467:475 arg1 mucosa 488:493 colonic mucosa 480:493 colonic mucosa 480:493 In the present study, 12 male goats were randomly assigned to either a hay diet (n = 6) or an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) to characterise the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa and the mucosal morphology of the colon. 26841945 5 67 from expression 1127:1136 arg1 mucosa 1167:1172 colonic mucosa 1159:1172 colonic mucosa 1159:1172 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 6 68 theme excessive 1318:1326 arg1 fermentation 1328:1339 excessive fermentation 1318:1339 excessive fermentation 1318:1339 Collectively, our data indicate that HG feeding induced changes in colonic mucosal morphology and cytokines expression that might be caused by excessive fermentation and dramatic shifts in the bacterial populations in the colon. 26841945 4 69 from increase 831:838 arg1 abundance 847:855 the abundance 843:855 the abundance of genus Blautia 843:872 The principal coordinate analysis results showed that the HG diet altered the colonic mucosal bacterial communities, with an increase in the abundance of genus Blautia and a decrease in the abundance of genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus. 26841945 4 69 from increase 831:838 arg1 abundance 896:904 the abundance 892:904 the abundance of genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus 892:954 The principal coordinate analysis results showed that the HG diet altered the colonic mucosal bacterial communities, with an increase in the abundance of genus Blautia and a decrease in the abundance of genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus. 26841945 5 70 theme IFN-γ 1150:1154 arg1 expression 1127:1136 the relative mRNA expression 1109:1136 the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa 1109:1172 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 0 71 theme mucosal 106:112 arg1 injuries 114:121 mucosal injuries 106:121 mucosal injuries in goats 106:130 Grain-rich diets altered the colonic fermentation and mucosa-associated bacterial communities and induced mucosal injuries in goats. 26841945 4 72 theme genera 909:914 arg1 abundance 896:904 the abundance 892:904 the abundance of genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus 892:954 The principal coordinate analysis results showed that the HG diet altered the colonic mucosal bacterial communities, with an increase in the abundance of genus Blautia and a decrease in the abundance of genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus. 26841945 5 73 theme mitochondrial 1067:1079 arg1 damage 1081:1086 cell mitochondrial damage 1062:1086 cell mitochondrial damage 1062:1086 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 2 74 theme bacterial 457:465 arg1 community 467:475 the bacterial community 453:475 the bacterial community in colonic mucosa 453:493 In the present study, 12 male goats were randomly assigned to either a hay diet (n = 6) or an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) to characterise the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa and the mucosal morphology of the colon. 26841945 5 75 theme intercellular 1024:1036 arg1 junction 1044:1051 intercellular tight junction 1024:1051 intercellular tight junction erosion 1024:1059 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 4 76 theme principal 710:718 arg1 analysis 731:738 The principal coordinate analysis results 706:746 The principal coordinate analysis results 706:746 The principal coordinate analysis results showed that the HG diet altered the colonic mucosal bacterial communities, with an increase in the abundance of genus Blautia and a decrease in the abundance of genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus. 26841945 5 77 theme junction 1044:1051 arg1 erosion 1053:1059 intercellular tight junction erosion 1024:1059 intercellular tight junction erosion 1024:1059 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 4 78 theme Lactococcus 944:954 arg1 abundance 896:904 the abundance 892:904 the abundance of genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus 892:954 The principal coordinate analysis results showed that the HG diet altered the colonic mucosal bacterial communities, with an increase in the abundance of genus Blautia and a decrease in the abundance of genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus. 26841945 2 79 theme % 387:387 arg1 diet 379:382 an HG diet 373:382 an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) 373:401 In the present study, 12 male goats were randomly assigned to either a hay diet (n = 6) or an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) to characterise the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa and the mucosal morphology of the colon. 26841945 2 79 theme % 387:387 arg1 n = 6 396:400 65% grain; n = 6 385:400 65% grain; n = 6 385:400 In the present study, 12 male goats were randomly assigned to either a hay diet (n = 6) or an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) to characterise the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa and the mucosal morphology of the colon. 26841945 5 80 theme mRNA 1122:1125 arg1 expression 1127:1136 the relative mRNA expression 1109:1136 the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa 1109:1172 The HG-fed goats showed sloughing of the surface layer epithelium, intercellular tight junction erosion, cell mitochondrial damage, and upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in colonic mucosa. 26841945 2 81 theme HG 376:377 arg1 diet 379:382 an HG diet 373:382 an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) 373:401 In the present study, 12 male goats were randomly assigned to either a hay diet (n = 6) or an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) to characterise the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa and the mucosal morphology of the colon. 26841945 2 81 theme HG 376:377 arg1 n = 6 396:400 65% grain; n = 6 385:400 65% grain; n = 6 385:400 In the present study, 12 male goats were randomly assigned to either a hay diet (n = 6) or an HG diet (65% grain; n = 6) to characterise the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in colonic mucosa and the mucosal morphology of the colon. 26841945 0 82 theme mucosa-associated 54:70 arg1 communities 82:92 mucosa-associated bacterial communities 54:92 mucosa-associated bacterial communities 54:92 Grain-rich diets altered the colonic fermentation and mucosa-associated bacterial communities and induced mucosal injuries in goats. 26841945 6 83 from changes 1231:1237 arg1 cytokines 1273:1281 cytokines 1273:1281 cytokines 1273:1281 Collectively, our data indicate that HG feeding induced changes in colonic mucosal morphology and cytokines expression that might be caused by excessive fermentation and dramatic shifts in the bacterial populations in the colon. 26841945 6 83 from changes 1231:1237 arg1 morphology 1258:1267 colonic mucosal morphology 1242:1267 colonic mucosal morphology 1242:1267 Collectively, our data indicate that HG feeding induced changes in colonic mucosal morphology and cytokines expression that might be caused by excessive fermentation and dramatic shifts in the bacterial populations in the colon. 26841945 1 84 theme mucosa-associated 231:247 arg1 bacteria 249:256 colonic mucosa-associated bacteria 223:256 colonic mucosa-associated bacteria 223:256 Remarkably little information is available about the impact of high-grain (HG) feeding on colonic mucosa-associated bacteria and mucosal morphology. 26841945 3 85 theme total 632:636 arg1 acids 656:660 total short chain fatty acids 632:660 total short chain fatty acids 632:660 The results showed that HG feeding decreased the colonic pH and increased the concentrations of total short chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides in colonic digesta. 24126453 0 0 theme cocaine 100:106 arg1 relapse 108:114 cocaine relapse 100:114 cocaine relapse 100:114 Disruption of glutamate receptor-interacting protein in nucleus accumbens enhances vulnerability to cocaine relapse. 24126453 5 1 from rectification 841:853 arg1 accumbens 897:905 the nucleus accumbens 885:905 the nucleus accumbens 885:905 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 2 2 theme GluA2 380:384 arg1 AMPARs 386:391 GluA2 AMPARs 380:391 GluA2 AMPARs 380:391 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP) is a neuronal scaffolding protein that stabilizes GluA2 AMPARs at synapses but its role in cocaine addiction has not been examined. 24126453 1 3 theme addiction 261:269 arg1 expression 239:248 expression 239:248 expression of cocaine addiction and relapse 239:281 Trafficking and stabilization of AMPA receptors at synapses in response to cocaine exposure is thought to be critical for expression of cocaine addiction and relapse. 24126453 5 4 theme 1-naphthylacetyl 978:993 arg1 antagonist 966:975 the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist 942:975 the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist 942:975 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 5 4 theme 1-naphthylacetyl 978:993 arg1 spermine 995:1002 1-naphthylacetyl spermine 978:1002 1-naphthylacetyl spermine 978:1002 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 8 5 theme addiction 1576:1584 arg1 therapeutics 1586:1597 cocaine addiction therapeutics 1568:1597 cocaine addiction therapeutics 1568:1597 These effects are associated with changes in vulnerability to cocaine relapse and highlight GRIP as a novel target for the development of cocaine addiction therapeutics. 24126453 0 6 from Disruption 0:9 arg1 accumbens 64:72 nucleus accumbens 56:72 nucleus accumbens 56:72 Disruption of glutamate receptor-interacting protein in nucleus accumbens enhances vulnerability to cocaine relapse. 24126453 3 7 theme cue-induced 568:578 arg1 reinstatement 580:592 cue-induced reinstatement 568:592 cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking 568:611 The current study demonstrates that conditional deletion of GRIP within the nucleus accumbens potentiates cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking without affecting operant learning, locomotor activity, or reinstatement of natural reward seeking. 24126453 6 8 theme blunted 1144:1150 arg1 depression 1162:1171 blunted long-term depression 1144:1171 blunted long-term depression 1144:1171 In addition, accumbal GRIP deletion was associated with blunted long-term depression, similar to what is seen following cocaine self-administration. 24126453 1 9 theme relapse 275:281 arg1 expression 239:248 expression 239:248 expression of cocaine addiction and relapse 239:281 Trafficking and stabilization of AMPA receptors at synapses in response to cocaine exposure is thought to be critical for expression of cocaine addiction and relapse. 24126453 5 10 theme calcium-permeable 1062:1078 arg1 AMPARs 1080:1085 GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs 1048:1085 GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs 1048:1085 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 3 11 theme GRIP 522:525 arg1 deletion 510:517 conditional deletion 498:517 conditional deletion of GRIP within the nucleus accumbens 498:554 The current study demonstrates that conditional deletion of GRIP within the nucleus accumbens potentiates cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking without affecting operant learning, locomotor activity, or reinstatement of natural reward seeking. 24126453 2 12 theme neuronal 335:342 arg1 protein 356:362 a neuronal scaffolding protein 333:362 a neuronal scaffolding protein that stabilizes GluA2 AMPARs at synapses 333:403 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP) is a neuronal scaffolding protein that stabilizes GluA2 AMPARs at synapses but its role in cocaine addiction has not been examined. 24126453 2 12 theme neuronal 335:342 arg1 protein 315:321 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein 284:321 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP) 284:328 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP) is a neuronal scaffolding protein that stabilizes GluA2 AMPARs at synapses but its role in cocaine addiction has not been examined. 24126453 5 13 theme increased 911:919 arg1 sensitivity 927:937 increased AMPAR sensitivity 911:937 increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs 911:1085 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 5 14 theme increased 1022:1030 arg1 contribution 1032:1043 an increased contribution 1019:1043 an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs 1019:1085 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 1 15 from synapses 168:175 arg1 stabilization 133:145 stabilization 133:145 stabilization 133:145 Trafficking and stabilization of AMPA receptors at synapses in response to cocaine exposure is thought to be critical for expression of cocaine addiction and relapse. 24126453 1 15 from synapses 168:175 arg1 Trafficking 117:127 Trafficking 117:127 Trafficking 117:127 Trafficking and stabilization of AMPA receptors at synapses in response to cocaine exposure is thought to be critical for expression of cocaine addiction and relapse. 24126453 1 15 from synapses 168:175 arg1 response 180:187 response 180:187 response to cocaine exposure 180:207 Trafficking and stabilization of AMPA receptors at synapses in response to cocaine exposure is thought to be critical for expression of cocaine addiction and relapse. 24126453 2 16 theme receptor-interacting 294:313 arg1 protein 315:321 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein 284:321 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP) 284:328 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP) is a neuronal scaffolding protein that stabilizes GluA2 AMPARs at synapses but its role in cocaine addiction has not been examined. 24126453 2 16 theme receptor-interacting 294:313 arg1 protein 356:362 a neuronal scaffolding protein 333:362 a neuronal scaffolding protein that stabilizes GluA2 AMPARs at synapses 333:403 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP) is a neuronal scaffolding protein that stabilizes GluA2 AMPARs at synapses but its role in cocaine addiction has not been examined. 24126453 2 16 theme receptor-interacting 294:313 arg1 GRIP 324:327 GRIP 324:327 GRIP 324:327 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP) is a neuronal scaffolding protein that stabilizes GluA2 AMPARs at synapses but its role in cocaine addiction has not been examined. 24126453 5 17 theme indicative 1005:1014 arg1 antagonist 966:975 the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist 942:975 the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist 942:975 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 5 17 theme indicative 1005:1014 arg1 spermine 995:1002 1-naphthylacetyl spermine 978:1002 1-naphthylacetyl spermine 978:1002 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 6 18 theme long-term 1152:1160 arg1 depression 1162:1171 blunted long-term depression 1144:1171 blunted long-term depression 1144:1171 In addition, accumbal GRIP deletion was associated with blunted long-term depression, similar to what is seen following cocaine self-administration. 24126453 5 19 theme AMPAR-mediated 858:871 arg1 currents 873:880 AMPAR-mediated currents 858:880 AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens 858:905 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 5 20 from currents 873:880 arg1 accumbens 897:905 the nucleus accumbens 885:905 the nucleus accumbens 885:905 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 6 21 theme accumbal 1101:1108 arg1 deletion 1115:1122 accumbal GRIP deletion 1101:1122 accumbal GRIP deletion 1101:1122 In addition, accumbal GRIP deletion was associated with blunted long-term depression, similar to what is seen following cocaine self-administration. 24126453 8 22 from changes 1464:1470 arg1 vulnerability 1475:1487 vulnerability 1475:1487 vulnerability to cocaine relapse 1475:1506 These effects are associated with changes in vulnerability to cocaine relapse and highlight GRIP as a novel target for the development of cocaine addiction therapeutics. 24126453 2 23 theme Glutamate 284:292 arg1 protein 315:321 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein 284:321 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP) 284:328 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP) is a neuronal scaffolding protein that stabilizes GluA2 AMPARs at synapses but its role in cocaine addiction has not been examined. 24126453 2 23 theme Glutamate 284:292 arg1 protein 356:362 a neuronal scaffolding protein 333:362 a neuronal scaffolding protein that stabilizes GluA2 AMPARs at synapses 333:403 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP) is a neuronal scaffolding protein that stabilizes GluA2 AMPARs at synapses but its role in cocaine addiction has not been examined. 24126453 2 23 theme Glutamate 284:292 arg1 GRIP 324:327 GRIP 324:327 GRIP 324:327 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP) is a neuronal scaffolding protein that stabilizes GluA2 AMPARs at synapses but its role in cocaine addiction has not been examined. 24126453 1 24 theme cocaine 192:198 arg1 exposure 200:207 cocaine exposure 192:207 cocaine exposure 192:207 Trafficking and stabilization of AMPA receptors at synapses in response to cocaine exposure is thought to be critical for expression of cocaine addiction and relapse. 24126453 5 25 theme currents 873:880 arg1 rectification 841:853 increased rectification 831:853 increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens 831:905 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 5 25 theme currents 873:880 arg1 sensitivity 927:937 increased AMPAR sensitivity 911:937 increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs 911:1085 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 7 26 theme synaptic 1346:1353 arg1 AMPARs 1355:1360 synaptic AMPARs 1346:1360 synaptic AMPARs 1346:1360 Taken together, these results indicate that GRIP may modulate addictive phenotypes through its regulation of synaptic AMPARs by controlling their subunit composition and susceptibility to LTD. 24126453 3 27 theme seeking 605:611 arg1 reinstatement 580:592 cue-induced reinstatement 568:592 cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking 568:611 The current study demonstrates that conditional deletion of GRIP within the nucleus accumbens potentiates cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking without affecting operant learning, locomotor activity, or reinstatement of natural reward seeking. 24126453 6 28 theme similar 1174:1180 arg1 depression 1162:1171 blunted long-term depression 1144:1171 blunted long-term depression 1144:1171 In addition, accumbal GRIP deletion was associated with blunted long-term depression, similar to what is seen following cocaine self-administration. 24126453 4 29 theme accumbal 763:770 arg1 GRIP 772:775 accumbal GRIP 763:775 accumbal GRIP 763:775 This is the first study to demonstrate a role for accumbal GRIP in behavior. 24126453 8 30 theme cocaine 1492:1498 arg1 relapse 1500:1506 cocaine relapse 1492:1506 cocaine relapse 1492:1506 These effects are associated with changes in vulnerability to cocaine relapse and highlight GRIP as a novel target for the development of cocaine addiction therapeutics. 24126453 5 31 theme GluA2-lacking 946:958 arg1 antagonist 966:975 the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist 942:975 the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist 942:975 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 5 31 theme GluA2-lacking 946:958 arg1 spermine 995:1002 1-naphthylacetyl spermine 978:1002 1-naphthylacetyl spermine 978:1002 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 0 32 theme receptor-interacting 24:43 arg1 protein 45:51 glutamate receptor-interacting protein 14:51 glutamate receptor-interacting protein 14:51 Disruption of glutamate receptor-interacting protein in nucleus accumbens enhances vulnerability to cocaine relapse. 24126453 8 33 theme therapeutics 1586:1597 arg1 development 1553:1563 the development 1549:1563 the development of cocaine addiction therapeutics 1549:1597 These effects are associated with changes in vulnerability to cocaine relapse and highlight GRIP as a novel target for the development of cocaine addiction therapeutics. 24126453 8 34 theme novel 1532:1536 arg1 target 1538:1543 a novel target 1530:1543 a novel target for the development of cocaine addiction therapeutics 1530:1597 These effects are associated with changes in vulnerability to cocaine relapse and highlight GRIP as a novel target for the development of cocaine addiction therapeutics. 24126453 8 34 theme novel 1532:1536 arg1 GRIP 1522:1525 GRIP 1522:1525 GRIP 1522:1525 These effects are associated with changes in vulnerability to cocaine relapse and highlight GRIP as a novel target for the development of cocaine addiction therapeutics. 24126453 5 35 theme contribution 1032:1043 arg1 indicative 1005:1014 indicative 1005:1014 indicative 1005:1014 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 0 36 theme glutamate 14:22 arg1 protein 45:51 glutamate receptor-interacting protein 14:51 glutamate receptor-interacting protein 14:51 Disruption of glutamate receptor-interacting protein in nucleus accumbens enhances vulnerability to cocaine relapse. 24126453 5 37 theme AMPARs 1080:1085 arg1 contribution 1032:1043 an increased contribution 1019:1043 an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs 1019:1085 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 3 38 theme natural 689:695 arg1 seeking 704:710 natural reward seeking 689:710 natural reward seeking 689:710 The current study demonstrates that conditional deletion of GRIP within the nucleus accumbens potentiates cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking without affecting operant learning, locomotor activity, or reinstatement of natural reward seeking. 24126453 3 39 theme cocaine 597:603 arg1 seeking 605:611 cocaine seeking 597:611 cocaine seeking 597:611 The current study demonstrates that conditional deletion of GRIP within the nucleus accumbens potentiates cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking without affecting operant learning, locomotor activity, or reinstatement of natural reward seeking. 24126453 5 40 theme AMPAR 960:964 arg1 antagonist 966:975 the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist 942:975 the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist 942:975 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 5 40 theme AMPAR 960:964 arg1 spermine 995:1002 1-naphthylacetyl spermine 978:1002 1-naphthylacetyl spermine 978:1002 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 5 41 theme increased 831:839 arg1 rectification 841:853 increased rectification 831:853 increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens 831:905 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 3 42 theme reward 697:702 arg1 seeking 704:710 natural reward seeking 689:710 natural reward seeking 689:710 The current study demonstrates that conditional deletion of GRIP within the nucleus accumbens potentiates cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking without affecting operant learning, locomotor activity, or reinstatement of natural reward seeking. 24126453 2 43 theme cocaine 421:427 arg1 addiction 429:437 cocaine addiction 421:437 cocaine addiction 421:437 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP) is a neuronal scaffolding protein that stabilizes GluA2 AMPARs at synapses but its role in cocaine addiction has not been examined. 24126453 0 44 theme protein 45:51 arg1 Disruption 0:9 Disruption 0:9 Disruption of glutamate receptor-interacting protein in nucleus accumbens 0:72 Disruption of glutamate receptor-interacting protein in nucleus accumbens enhances vulnerability to cocaine relapse. 24126453 6 45 theme GRIP 1110:1113 arg1 deletion 1115:1122 accumbal GRIP deletion 1101:1122 accumbal GRIP deletion 1101:1122 In addition, accumbal GRIP deletion was associated with blunted long-term depression, similar to what is seen following cocaine self-administration. 24126453 3 46 theme current 466:472 arg1 study 474:478 The current study 462:478 The current study 462:478 The current study demonstrates that conditional deletion of GRIP within the nucleus accumbens potentiates cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking without affecting operant learning, locomotor activity, or reinstatement of natural reward seeking. 24126453 5 47 from accumbens 897:905 arg1 rectification 841:853 increased rectification 831:853 increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens 831:905 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 5 47 from accumbens 897:905 arg1 sensitivity 927:937 increased AMPAR sensitivity 911:937 increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs 911:1085 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 6 48 theme cocaine 1208:1214 arg1 self-administration 1216:1234 cocaine self-administration 1208:1234 cocaine self-administration 1208:1234 In addition, accumbal GRIP deletion was associated with blunted long-term depression, similar to what is seen following cocaine self-administration. 24126453 0 49 theme nucleus 56:62 arg1 accumbens 64:72 nucleus accumbens 56:72 nucleus accumbens 56:72 Disruption of glutamate receptor-interacting protein in nucleus accumbens enhances vulnerability to cocaine relapse. 24126453 3 50 theme operant 631:637 arg1 learning 639:646 operant learning 631:646 operant learning 631:646 The current study demonstrates that conditional deletion of GRIP within the nucleus accumbens potentiates cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking without affecting operant learning, locomotor activity, or reinstatement of natural reward seeking. 24126453 2 51 from role 413:416 arg1 addiction 429:437 cocaine addiction 421:437 cocaine addiction 421:437 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP) is a neuronal scaffolding protein that stabilizes GluA2 AMPARs at synapses but its role in cocaine addiction has not been examined. 24126453 8 52 theme cocaine 1568:1574 arg1 therapeutics 1586:1597 cocaine addiction therapeutics 1568:1597 cocaine addiction therapeutics 1568:1597 These effects are associated with changes in vulnerability to cocaine relapse and highlight GRIP as a novel target for the development of cocaine addiction therapeutics. 24126453 7 53 theme subunit 1383:1389 arg1 composition 1391:1401 their subunit composition 1377:1401 their subunit composition 1377:1401 Taken together, these results indicate that GRIP may modulate addictive phenotypes through its regulation of synaptic AMPARs by controlling their subunit composition and susceptibility to LTD. 24126453 1 54 theme AMPA 150:153 arg1 receptors 155:163 AMPA receptors 150:163 AMPA receptors 150:163 Trafficking and stabilization of AMPA receptors at synapses in response to cocaine exposure is thought to be critical for expression of cocaine addiction and relapse. 24126453 4 55 from role 754:757 arg1 behavior 780:787 behavior 780:787 behavior 780:787 This is the first study to demonstrate a role for accumbal GRIP in behavior. 24126453 3 56 theme seeking 704:710 arg1 learning 639:646 operant learning 631:646 operant learning 631:646 The current study demonstrates that conditional deletion of GRIP within the nucleus accumbens potentiates cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking without affecting operant learning, locomotor activity, or reinstatement of natural reward seeking. 24126453 3 56 theme seeking 704:710 arg1 activity 659:666 locomotor activity 649:666 locomotor activity 649:666 The current study demonstrates that conditional deletion of GRIP within the nucleus accumbens potentiates cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking without affecting operant learning, locomotor activity, or reinstatement of natural reward seeking. 24126453 3 56 theme seeking 704:710 arg1 reinstatement 672:684 reinstatement 672:684 reinstatement of natural reward seeking 672:710 The current study demonstrates that conditional deletion of GRIP within the nucleus accumbens potentiates cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking without affecting operant learning, locomotor activity, or reinstatement of natural reward seeking. 24126453 5 57 theme GluA2-lacking 1048:1060 arg1 AMPARs 1080:1085 GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs 1048:1085 GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs 1048:1085 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 1 58 theme receptors 155:163 arg1 stabilization 133:145 stabilization 133:145 stabilization 133:145 Trafficking and stabilization of AMPA receptors at synapses in response to cocaine exposure is thought to be critical for expression of cocaine addiction and relapse. 24126453 1 58 theme receptors 155:163 arg1 Trafficking 117:127 Trafficking 117:127 Trafficking 117:127 Trafficking and stabilization of AMPA receptors at synapses in response to cocaine exposure is thought to be critical for expression of cocaine addiction and relapse. 24126453 2 59 theme scaffolding 344:354 arg1 protein 356:362 a neuronal scaffolding protein 333:362 a neuronal scaffolding protein that stabilizes GluA2 AMPARs at synapses 333:403 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP) is a neuronal scaffolding protein that stabilizes GluA2 AMPARs at synapses but its role in cocaine addiction has not been examined. 24126453 2 59 theme scaffolding 344:354 arg1 protein 315:321 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein 284:321 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP) 284:328 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP) is a neuronal scaffolding protein that stabilizes GluA2 AMPARs at synapses but its role in cocaine addiction has not been examined. 24126453 7 60 theme AMPARs 1355:1360 arg1 regulation 1332:1341 its regulation 1328:1341 its regulation of synaptic AMPARs 1328:1360 Taken together, these results indicate that GRIP may modulate addictive phenotypes through its regulation of synaptic AMPARs by controlling their subunit composition and susceptibility to LTD. 24126453 5 61 theme AMPAR 921:925 arg1 sensitivity 927:937 increased AMPAR sensitivity 911:937 increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs 911:1085 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 3 62 theme locomotor 649:657 arg1 activity 659:666 locomotor activity 649:666 locomotor activity 649:666 The current study demonstrates that conditional deletion of GRIP within the nucleus accumbens potentiates cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking without affecting operant learning, locomotor activity, or reinstatement of natural reward seeking. 24126453 4 63 theme first 725:729 arg1 study 731:735 the first study 721:735 the first study to demonstrate a role for accumbal GRIP in behavior 721:787 This is the first study to demonstrate a role for accumbal GRIP in behavior. 24126453 4 63 theme first 725:729 arg1 This 713:716 This 713:716 This 713:716 This is the first study to demonstrate a role for accumbal GRIP in behavior. 24126453 3 64 theme conditional 498:508 arg1 deletion 510:517 conditional deletion 498:517 conditional deletion of GRIP within the nucleus accumbens 498:554 The current study demonstrates that conditional deletion of GRIP within the nucleus accumbens potentiates cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking without affecting operant learning, locomotor activity, or reinstatement of natural reward seeking. 24126453 5 65 theme Electrophysiological 790:809 arg1 recordings 811:820 Electrophysiological recordings 790:820 Electrophysiological recordings 790:820 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 7 66 theme addictive 1299:1307 arg1 phenotypes 1309:1318 addictive phenotypes 1299:1318 addictive phenotypes 1299:1318 Taken together, these results indicate that GRIP may modulate addictive phenotypes through its regulation of synaptic AMPARs by controlling their subunit composition and susceptibility to LTD. 24126453 5 67 theme nucleus 889:895 arg1 accumbens 897:905 the nucleus accumbens 885:905 the nucleus accumbens 885:905 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 5 68 from sensitivity 927:937 arg1 accumbens 897:905 the nucleus accumbens 885:905 the nucleus accumbens 885:905 Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents in the nucleus accumbens and increased AMPAR sensitivity to the GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine, indicative of an increased contribution of GluA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs. 24126453 3 69 theme nucleus 538:544 arg1 accumbens 546:554 the nucleus accumbens 534:554 the nucleus accumbens 534:554 The current study demonstrates that conditional deletion of GRIP within the nucleus accumbens potentiates cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking without affecting operant learning, locomotor activity, or reinstatement of natural reward seeking. 24126453 1 70 theme cocaine 253:259 arg1 addiction 261:269 cocaine addiction 253:269 cocaine addiction 253:269 Trafficking and stabilization of AMPA receptors at synapses in response to cocaine exposure is thought to be critical for expression of cocaine addiction and relapse. 28416882 0 0 theme lucidum 100:106 arg1 ethanol 108:114 differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol 68:114 differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol 68:114 Chemical composition, antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts. 28416882 5 1 theme noteworthy 756:765 arg1 activity 779:786 noteworthy antioxidant activity 756:786 noteworthy antioxidant activity 756:786 The ethanol extracts exhibited noteworthy antioxidant activity, but the significant amount of phenolic compounds was strongly linked to polysaccharides, and hence reduced their antioxidant capacity. 28416882 0 2 theme Ganoderma 90:98 arg1 lucidum 100:106 differently processed Ganoderma lucidum 68:106 differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol 68:114 Chemical composition, antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts. 28416882 5 3 theme antioxidant 902:912 arg1 capacity 914:921 their antioxidant capacity 896:921 their antioxidant capacity 896:921 The ethanol extracts exhibited noteworthy antioxidant activity, but the significant amount of phenolic compounds was strongly linked to polysaccharides, and hence reduced their antioxidant capacity. 28416882 4 4 theme abundant 638:645 arg1 hesperetin 660:669 hesperetin 660:669 hesperetin (1.875-3.222 µg/g) 660:688 The most abundant phenols were hesperetin (1.875-3.222 µg/g) and naringenin (1.235-2.856 µg/g). 28416882 4 4 theme abundant 638:645 arg1 phenols 647:653 The most abundant phenols 629:653 The most abundant phenols 629:653 The most abundant phenols were hesperetin (1.875-3.222 µg/g) and naringenin (1.235-2.856 µg/g). 28416882 1 5 theme processed 269:277 arg1 extracts 305:312 differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts 257:312 differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts 257:312 The content of phenolic compounds (TPC) and glucans, as well as the effectiveness of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts were determined and compared. 28416882 0 6 theme ethanol 108:114 arg1 activity 56:63 antioxidant activity 44:63 antioxidant activity 44:63 Chemical composition, antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts. 28416882 0 6 theme ethanol 108:114 arg1 composition 9:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition, antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts. 28416882 7 7 theme TPC/glucan 1141:1150 arg1 content 1152:1158 the TPC/glucan content 1137:1158 the TPC/glucan content of extracts 1137:1170 Significant correlations were observed between the antiproliferative effect and the TPC/glucan content of extracts. 28416882 1 8 theme Ganoderma 279:287 arg1 lucidum 289:295 Ganoderma lucidum 279:295 differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts 257:312 The content of phenolic compounds (TPC) and glucans, as well as the effectiveness of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts were determined and compared. 28416882 1 9 theme glucans 170:176 arg1 content 130:136 The content 126:136 The content of phenolic compounds (TPC) and glucans, as well as the effectiveness of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts 126:312 The content of phenolic compounds (TPC) and glucans, as well as the effectiveness of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts were determined and compared. 28416882 5 10 theme ethanol 729:735 arg1 extracts 737:744 The ethanol extracts 725:744 The ethanol extracts 725:744 The ethanol extracts exhibited noteworthy antioxidant activity, but the significant amount of phenolic compounds was strongly linked to polysaccharides, and hence reduced their antioxidant capacity. 28416882 2 11 dep time 422:425 arg1 the 407:409 the 407:409 the 407:409 The content of glucans (total, α- and β-) strongly depended on the extraction time and particle size, but only interaction of these parameters influenced the TPC. 28416882 0 12 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 composition 9:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition 0:19 Chemical composition, antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts. 28416882 5 13 theme significant 797:807 arg1 amount 809:814 the significant amount 793:814 the significant amount of phenolic compounds 793:836 The ethanol extracts exhibited noteworthy antioxidant activity, but the significant amount of phenolic compounds was strongly linked to polysaccharides, and hence reduced their antioxidant capacity. 28416882 5 13 theme significant 797:807 arg1 compounds 828:836 phenolic compounds 819:836 phenolic compounds 819:836 The ethanol extracts exhibited noteworthy antioxidant activity, but the significant amount of phenolic compounds was strongly linked to polysaccharides, and hence reduced their antioxidant capacity. 28416882 5 14 theme antioxidant 767:777 arg1 activity 779:786 noteworthy antioxidant activity 756:786 noteworthy antioxidant activity 756:786 The ethanol extracts exhibited noteworthy antioxidant activity, but the significant amount of phenolic compounds was strongly linked to polysaccharides, and hence reduced their antioxidant capacity. 28416882 2 15 theme particle 431:438 arg1 size 440:443 particle size 431:443 particle size 431:443 The content of glucans (total, α- and β-) strongly depended on the extraction time and particle size, but only interaction of these parameters influenced the TPC. 28416882 1 16 theme lucidum 289:295 arg1 extracts 305:312 differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts 257:312 differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts 257:312 The content of phenolic compounds (TPC) and glucans, as well as the effectiveness of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts were determined and compared. 28416882 7 17 theme antiproliferative 1108:1124 arg1 effect 1126:1131 the antiproliferative effect 1104:1131 the antiproliferative effect 1104:1131 Significant correlations were observed between the antiproliferative effect and the TPC/glucan content of extracts. 28416882 1 18 theme ethanol 297:303 arg1 extracts 305:312 differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts 257:312 differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts 257:312 The content of phenolic compounds (TPC) and glucans, as well as the effectiveness of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts were determined and compared. 28416882 6 19 from vitro 973:977 arg1 results 928:934 The results 924:934 The results of the antiproliferative activity in vitro 924:977 The results of the antiproliferative activity in vitro showed that the analyzed extracts were the most effective against HeLa cells. 28416882 2 20 dep glucans 359:365 arg1 total 368:372 total 368:372 total 368:372 The content of glucans (total, α- and β-) strongly depended on the extraction time and particle size, but only interaction of these parameters influenced the TPC. 28416882 2 20 dep glucans 359:365 arg1 β- 382:383 β- 382:383 β- 382:383 The content of glucans (total, α- and β-) strongly depended on the extraction time and particle size, but only interaction of these parameters influenced the TPC. 28416882 2 20 dep glucans 359:365 arg1 α- 375:376 α- 375:376 α- 375:376 The content of glucans (total, α- and β-) strongly depended on the extraction time and particle size, but only interaction of these parameters influenced the TPC. 28416882 2 21 theme extraction 411:420 arg1 time 422:425 extraction time 411:425 extraction time 411:425 The content of glucans (total, α- and β-) strongly depended on the extraction time and particle size, but only interaction of these parameters influenced the TPC. 28416882 5 22 theme phenolic 819:826 arg1 compounds 828:836 phenolic compounds 819:836 phenolic compounds 819:836 The ethanol extracts exhibited noteworthy antioxidant activity, but the significant amount of phenolic compounds was strongly linked to polysaccharides, and hence reduced their antioxidant capacity. 28416882 1 23 theme extracts 305:312 arg1 activity 245:252 antiproliferative and antioxidant activity 211:252 antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts 211:312 The content of phenolic compounds (TPC) and glucans, as well as the effectiveness of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts were determined and compared. 28416882 0 24 theme antioxidant 44:54 arg1 activity 56:63 antioxidant activity 44:63 antioxidant activity 44:63 Chemical composition, antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts. 28416882 2 25 theme only 450:453 arg1 interaction 455:465 only interaction 450:465 only interaction of these parameters 450:485 The content of glucans (total, α- and β-) strongly depended on the extraction time and particle size, but only interaction of these parameters influenced the TPC. 28416882 6 26 theme activity 961:968 arg1 results 928:934 The results 924:934 The results of the antiproliferative activity in vitro 924:977 The results of the antiproliferative activity in vitro showed that the analyzed extracts were the most effective against HeLa cells. 28416882 6 27 theme HeLa 1045:1048 arg1 cells 1050:1054 HeLa cells 1045:1054 HeLa cells 1045:1054 The results of the antiproliferative activity in vitro showed that the analyzed extracts were the most effective against HeLa cells. 28416882 7 28 theme extracts 1163:1170 arg1 effect 1126:1131 the antiproliferative effect 1104:1131 the antiproliferative effect 1104:1131 Significant correlations were observed between the antiproliferative effect and the TPC/glucan content of extracts. 28416882 7 28 theme extracts 1163:1170 arg1 content 1152:1158 the TPC/glucan content 1137:1158 the TPC/glucan content of extracts 1137:1170 Significant correlations were observed between the antiproliferative effect and the TPC/glucan content of extracts. 28416882 6 29 theme antiproliferative 943:959 arg1 activity 961:968 the antiproliferative activity 939:968 the antiproliferative activity in vitro 939:977 The results of the antiproliferative activity in vitro showed that the analyzed extracts were the most effective against HeLa cells. 28416882 2 30 theme glucans 359:365 arg1 content 348:354 The content 344:354 The content of glucans (total, α- and β-) 344:384 The content of glucans (total, α- and β-) strongly depended on the extraction time and particle size, but only interaction of these parameters influenced the TPC. 28416882 7 31 theme Significant 1057:1067 arg1 correlations 1069:1080 Significant correlations 1057:1080 Significant correlations 1057:1080 Significant correlations were observed between the antiproliferative effect and the TPC/glucan content of extracts. 28416882 6 32 theme analyzed 995:1002 arg1 extracts 1004:1011 the analyzed extracts 991:1011 the analyzed extracts 991:1011 The results of the antiproliferative activity in vitro showed that the analyzed extracts were the most effective against HeLa cells. 28416882 6 32 theme analyzed 995:1002 arg1 effective 1027:1035 effective 1027:1035 effective 1027:1035 The results of the antiproliferative activity in vitro showed that the analyzed extracts were the most effective against HeLa cells. 28416882 6 33 from activity 961:968 arg1 vitro 973:977 vitro 973:977 vitro 973:977 The results of the antiproliferative activity in vitro showed that the analyzed extracts were the most effective against HeLa cells. 28416882 1 34 theme phenolic 141:148 arg1 TPC 161:163 TPC 161:163 TPC 161:163 The content of phenolic compounds (TPC) and glucans, as well as the effectiveness of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts were determined and compared. 28416882 1 34 theme phenolic 141:148 arg1 compounds 150:158 phenolic compounds 141:158 phenolic compounds (TPC) 141:164 The content of phenolic compounds (TPC) and glucans, as well as the effectiveness of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts were determined and compared. 28416882 3 35 theme trans-cinnamic 531:544 arg1 acid 546:549 trans-cinnamic acid 531:549 trans-cinnamic acid 531:549 Gallic acid, quercetin, trans-cinnamic acid, kaempferol, hesperetin and naringenin were detected in extracts by HPLC-DAD. 28416882 1 36 theme antiproliferative 211:227 arg1 activity 245:252 antiproliferative and antioxidant activity 211:252 antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts 211:312 The content of phenolic compounds (TPC) and glucans, as well as the effectiveness of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts were determined and compared. 28416882 5 37 attach linked 851:856 arg1 polysaccharides 861:875 polysaccharides 861:875 polysaccharides 861:875 The ethanol extracts exhibited noteworthy antioxidant activity, but the significant amount of phenolic compounds was strongly linked to polysaccharides, and hence reduced their antioxidant capacity. 28416882 5 37 attach linked 851:856 arg2 amount 809:814 the significant amount 793:814 the significant amount of phenolic compounds 793:836 The ethanol extracts exhibited noteworthy antioxidant activity, but the significant amount of phenolic compounds was strongly linked to polysaccharides, and hence reduced their antioxidant capacity. 28416882 5 37 attach linked 851:856 arg2 compounds 828:836 phenolic compounds 819:836 phenolic compounds 819:836 The ethanol extracts exhibited noteworthy antioxidant activity, but the significant amount of phenolic compounds was strongly linked to polysaccharides, and hence reduced their antioxidant capacity. 28416882 1 38 theme compounds 150:158 arg1 content 130:136 The content 126:136 The content of phenolic compounds (TPC) and glucans, as well as the effectiveness of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts 126:312 The content of phenolic compounds (TPC) and glucans, as well as the effectiveness of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts were determined and compared. 28416882 3 39 located detected 595:602 arg2 acid 514:517 acid 514:517 acid 514:517 Gallic acid, quercetin, trans-cinnamic acid, kaempferol, hesperetin and naringenin were detected in extracts by HPLC-DAD. 28416882 3 39 located detected 595:602 arg2 hesperetin 564:573 hesperetin 564:573 hesperetin 564:573 Gallic acid, quercetin, trans-cinnamic acid, kaempferol, hesperetin and naringenin were detected in extracts by HPLC-DAD. 28416882 3 39 located detected 595:602 arg2 quercetin 520:528 quercetin 520:528 quercetin 520:528 Gallic acid, quercetin, trans-cinnamic acid, kaempferol, hesperetin and naringenin were detected in extracts by HPLC-DAD. 28416882 3 39 located detected 595:602 arg2 acid 546:549 trans-cinnamic acid 531:549 trans-cinnamic acid 531:549 Gallic acid, quercetin, trans-cinnamic acid, kaempferol, hesperetin and naringenin were detected in extracts by HPLC-DAD. 28416882 3 39 located detected 595:602 arg2 naringenin 579:588 naringenin 579:588 naringenin 579:588 Gallic acid, quercetin, trans-cinnamic acid, kaempferol, hesperetin and naringenin were detected in extracts by HPLC-DAD. 28416882 3 39 located detected 595:602 arg1 extracts 607:614 extracts 607:614 extracts 607:614 Gallic acid, quercetin, trans-cinnamic acid, kaempferol, hesperetin and naringenin were detected in extracts by HPLC-DAD. 28416882 3 39 located detected 595:602 arg2 kaempferol 552:561 kaempferol 552:561 kaempferol 552:561 Gallic acid, quercetin, trans-cinnamic acid, kaempferol, hesperetin and naringenin were detected in extracts by HPLC-DAD. 28416882 0 40 theme processed 80:88 arg1 lucidum 100:106 differently processed Ganoderma lucidum 68:106 differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol 68:114 Chemical composition, antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts. 28416882 5 41 theme compounds 828:836 arg1 amount 809:814 the significant amount 793:814 the significant amount of phenolic compounds 793:836 The ethanol extracts exhibited noteworthy antioxidant activity, but the significant amount of phenolic compounds was strongly linked to polysaccharides, and hence reduced their antioxidant capacity. 28416882 5 41 theme compounds 828:836 arg1 compounds 828:836 phenolic compounds 819:836 phenolic compounds 819:836 The ethanol extracts exhibited noteworthy antioxidant activity, but the significant amount of phenolic compounds was strongly linked to polysaccharides, and hence reduced their antioxidant capacity. 28416882 1 42 theme antioxidant 233:243 arg1 activity 245:252 antiproliferative and antioxidant activity 211:252 antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts 211:312 The content of phenolic compounds (TPC) and glucans, as well as the effectiveness of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts were determined and compared. 28416882 2 43 theme parameters 476:485 arg1 interaction 455:465 only interaction 450:465 only interaction of these parameters 450:485 The content of glucans (total, α- and β-) strongly depended on the extraction time and particle size, but only interaction of these parameters influenced the TPC. 28416882 3 44 theme Gallic 507:512 arg1 acid 514:517 acid 514:517 acid 514:517 Gallic acid, quercetin, trans-cinnamic acid, kaempferol, hesperetin and naringenin were detected in extracts by HPLC-DAD. 28416882 6 45 from results 928:934 arg1 vitro 973:977 vitro 973:977 vitro 973:977 The results of the antiproliferative activity in vitro showed that the analyzed extracts were the most effective against HeLa cells. 28416882 1 46 theme activity 245:252 arg1 TPC 161:163 TPC 161:163 TPC 161:163 The content of phenolic compounds (TPC) and glucans, as well as the effectiveness of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts were determined and compared. 28416882 1 46 theme activity 245:252 arg1 glucans 170:176 glucans 170:176 glucans 170:176 The content of phenolic compounds (TPC) and glucans, as well as the effectiveness of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts were determined and compared. 28416882 1 46 theme activity 245:252 arg1 compounds 150:158 phenolic compounds 141:158 phenolic compounds (TPC) 141:164 The content of phenolic compounds (TPC) and glucans, as well as the effectiveness of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts were determined and compared. 28416882 1 46 theme activity 245:252 arg1 effectiveness 194:206 the effectiveness 190:206 the effectiveness of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts 190:312 The content of phenolic compounds (TPC) and glucans, as well as the effectiveness of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts were determined and compared. 28586728 0 0 theme seawater 77:84 arg1 environment 86:96 a seawater environment 75:96 a seawater environment 75:96 Adhesion of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica to steel in a seawater environment and their effects on corrosion. 28586728 6 1 dep composition 933:943 arg1 The 929:931 The 929:931 The 929:931 The composition, structure, and properties of the surface films formed on the steel were associated with different effects on corrosion. 28586728 6 2 from effects 1044:1050 arg1 corrosion 1055:1063 corrosion 1055:1063 corrosion 1055:1063 The composition, structure, and properties of the surface films formed on the steel were associated with different effects on corrosion. 28586728 6 3 theme different 1034:1042 arg1 effects 1044:1050 different effects 1034:1050 different effects on corrosion 1034:1063 The composition, structure, and properties of the surface films formed on the steel were associated with different effects on corrosion. 28586728 8 4 dep loose 1320:1324 arg1 hydrophilic 1327:1337 hydrophilic 1327:1337 hydrophilic 1327:1337 In short, the compact and hydrophobic biofilm of B. subtilis appears to inhibit the corrosion of steel, while the loose, hydrophilic film of P. lipolytica tends to induce pitting corrosion. 28586728 8 5 theme P. 1347:1348 arg1 film 1339:1342 the loose, hydrophilic film 1316:1342 the loose, hydrophilic film of P. lipolytica 1316:1359 In short, the compact and hydrophobic biofilm of B. subtilis appears to inhibit the corrosion of steel, while the loose, hydrophilic film of P. lipolytica tends to induce pitting corrosion. 28586728 2 6 theme angle 486:490 arg1 measurements 492:503 contact angle measurements 478:503 contact angle measurements 478:503 In the present work, this phenomenon was investigated through the study of various materials characterization methods, electrochemical techniques, and contact angle measurements. 28586728 1 7 theme low-alloy 253:261 arg1 steel 275:279 low-alloy engineering steel 253:279 low-alloy engineering steel 253:279 In a marine environment, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica are commonly found in the biofilms adherent to low-alloy engineering steel, and they have distinct effects on corrosion. 28586728 0 8 from Adhesion 0:7 arg1 corrosion 119:127 corrosion 119:127 corrosion 119:127 Adhesion of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica to steel in a seawater environment and their effects on corrosion. 28586728 1 9 contain have 291:294 arg1 they 286:289 they 286:289 they 286:289 In a marine environment, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica are commonly found in the biofilms adherent to low-alloy engineering steel, and they have distinct effects on corrosion. 28586728 1 9 contain have 291:294 arg2 effects 305:311 distinct effects 296:311 distinct effects 296:311 In a marine environment, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica are commonly found in the biofilms adherent to low-alloy engineering steel, and they have distinct effects on corrosion. 28586728 6 10 theme films 987:991 arg1 structure 946:954 structure 946:954 structure 946:954 The composition, structure, and properties of the surface films formed on the steel were associated with different effects on corrosion. 28586728 6 10 theme films 987:991 arg1 properties 961:970 properties 961:970 properties 961:970 The composition, structure, and properties of the surface films formed on the steel were associated with different effects on corrosion. 28586728 6 10 theme films 987:991 arg1 composition 933:943 composition 933:943 composition 933:943 The composition, structure, and properties of the surface films formed on the steel were associated with different effects on corrosion. 28586728 1 11 theme engineering 263:273 arg1 steel 275:279 low-alloy engineering steel 253:279 low-alloy engineering steel 253:279 In a marine environment, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica are commonly found in the biofilms adherent to low-alloy engineering steel, and they have distinct effects on corrosion. 28586728 7 12 theme subtilis 1085:1092 arg1 presence 1070:1077 The presence 1066:1077 The presence of B. subtilis 1066:1092 The presence of B. subtilis enhances the steel's resistance to corrosion, whereas corrosion was increased by the presence of P. lipolytica. 28586728 8 13 theme subtilis 1258:1265 arg1 biofilm 1244:1250 the compact and hydrophobic biofilm 1216:1250 the compact and hydrophobic biofilm of B. subtilis 1216:1265 In short, the compact and hydrophobic biofilm of B. subtilis appears to inhibit the corrosion of steel, while the loose, hydrophilic film of P. lipolytica tends to induce pitting corrosion. 28586728 8 14 theme compact 1220:1226 arg1 biofilm 1244:1250 the compact and hydrophobic biofilm 1216:1250 the compact and hydrophobic biofilm of B. subtilis 1216:1265 In short, the compact and hydrophobic biofilm of B. subtilis appears to inhibit the corrosion of steel, while the loose, hydrophilic film of P. lipolytica tends to induce pitting corrosion. 28586728 5 15 theme lipolytica 833:842 arg1 presence 802:809 the presence 798:809 the presence of B. subtilis and P. lipolytica 798:842 The main components of the films formed in the presence of B. subtilis and P. lipolytica were polysaccharides/TasA amyloid fibers and proteins/carboxylic acid, respectively. 28586728 3 16 theme surface 528:534 arg1 compact 596:602 compact 596:602 compact 596:602 It was found that the surface film formed on the steel in the presence of B. subtilis was compact, uniform, free of cracks, and hydrophobic. 28586728 3 16 theme surface 528:534 arg1 film 536:539 the surface film 524:539 the surface film formed on the steel in the presence of B. subtilis 524:590 It was found that the surface film formed on the steel in the presence of B. subtilis was compact, uniform, free of cracks, and hydrophobic. 28586728 0 17 theme Pseudoalteromonas 34:50 arg1 lipolytica 52:61 Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica 34:61 Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica 34:61 Adhesion of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica to steel in a seawater environment and their effects on corrosion. 28586728 2 18 theme electrochemical 446:460 arg1 techniques 462:471 electrochemical techniques 446:471 electrochemical techniques 446:471 In the present work, this phenomenon was investigated through the study of various materials characterization methods, electrochemical techniques, and contact angle measurements. 28586728 4 19 theme P. 691:692 arg1 lipolytica 694:703 P. lipolytica 691:703 P. lipolytica 691:703 However, the film formed in the presence of P. lipolytica was loose, rough, heterogeneous, and hydrophilic. 28586728 8 20 theme pitting 1377:1383 arg1 corrosion 1385:1393 pitting corrosion 1377:1393 pitting corrosion 1377:1393 In short, the compact and hydrophobic biofilm of B. subtilis appears to inhibit the corrosion of steel, while the loose, hydrophilic film of P. lipolytica tends to induce pitting corrosion. 28586728 1 21 theme Pseudoalteromonas 177:193 arg1 lipolytica 195:204 Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica 177:204 Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica 177:204 In a marine environment, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica are commonly found in the biofilms adherent to low-alloy engineering steel, and they have distinct effects on corrosion. 28586728 2 22 theme methods 437:443 arg1 techniques 462:471 electrochemical techniques 446:471 electrochemical techniques 446:471 In the present work, this phenomenon was investigated through the study of various materials characterization methods, electrochemical techniques, and contact angle measurements. 28586728 2 22 theme methods 437:443 arg1 measurements 492:503 contact angle measurements 478:503 contact angle measurements 478:503 In the present work, this phenomenon was investigated through the study of various materials characterization methods, electrochemical techniques, and contact angle measurements. 28586728 2 22 theme methods 437:443 arg1 study 393:397 the study 389:397 the study of various materials characterization methods 389:443 In the present work, this phenomenon was investigated through the study of various materials characterization methods, electrochemical techniques, and contact angle measurements. 28586728 5 23 theme proteins/carboxylic 889:907 arg1 acid 909:912 proteins/carboxylic acid 889:912 proteins/carboxylic acid 889:912 The main components of the films formed in the presence of B. subtilis and P. lipolytica were polysaccharides/TasA amyloid fibers and proteins/carboxylic acid, respectively. 28586728 2 24 theme materials 410:418 arg1 methods 437:443 various materials characterization methods 402:443 various materials characterization methods 402:443 In the present work, this phenomenon was investigated through the study of various materials characterization methods, electrochemical techniques, and contact angle measurements. 28586728 2 25 theme characterization 420:435 arg1 methods 437:443 various materials characterization methods 402:443 various materials characterization methods 402:443 In the present work, this phenomenon was investigated through the study of various materials characterization methods, electrochemical techniques, and contact angle measurements. 28586728 4 26 theme lipolytica 694:703 arg1 presence 679:686 the presence 675:686 the presence of P. lipolytica 675:703 However, the film formed in the presence of P. lipolytica was loose, rough, heterogeneous, and hydrophilic. 28586728 2 27 theme various 402:408 arg1 methods 437:443 various materials characterization methods 402:443 various materials characterization methods 402:443 In the present work, this phenomenon was investigated through the study of various materials characterization methods, electrochemical techniques, and contact angle measurements. 28586728 2 28 theme contact 478:484 arg1 measurements 492:503 contact angle measurements 478:503 contact angle measurements 478:503 In the present work, this phenomenon was investigated through the study of various materials characterization methods, electrochemical techniques, and contact angle measurements. 28586728 3 29 theme cracks 622:627 arg1 free 614:617 free 614:617 free 614:617 It was found that the surface film formed on the steel in the presence of B. subtilis was compact, uniform, free of cracks, and hydrophobic. 28586728 5 30 theme films 782:786 arg1 fibers 878:883 polysaccharides/TasA amyloid fibers 849:883 polysaccharides/TasA amyloid fibers 849:883 The main components of the films formed in the presence of B. subtilis and P. lipolytica were polysaccharides/TasA amyloid fibers and proteins/carboxylic acid, respectively. 28586728 5 30 theme films 782:786 arg1 components 764:773 The main components 755:773 The main components of the films formed in the presence of B. subtilis and P. lipolytica 755:842 The main components of the films formed in the presence of B. subtilis and P. lipolytica were polysaccharides/TasA amyloid fibers and proteins/carboxylic acid, respectively. 28586728 1 31 theme distinct 296:303 arg1 effects 305:311 distinct effects 296:311 distinct effects 296:311 In a marine environment, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica are commonly found in the biofilms adherent to low-alloy engineering steel, and they have distinct effects on corrosion. 28586728 8 32 theme hydrophobic 1232:1242 arg1 biofilm 1244:1250 the compact and hydrophobic biofilm 1216:1250 the compact and hydrophobic biofilm of B. subtilis 1216:1265 In short, the compact and hydrophobic biofilm of B. subtilis appears to inhibit the corrosion of steel, while the loose, hydrophilic film of P. lipolytica tends to induce pitting corrosion. 28586728 0 33 theme subtilis 21:28 arg1 Adhesion 0:7 Adhesion 0:7 Adhesion of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica to steel in a seawater environment 0:96 Adhesion of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica to steel in a seawater environment and their effects on corrosion. 28586728 0 33 theme subtilis 21:28 arg1 effects 108:114 their effects 102:114 their effects on corrosion 102:127 Adhesion of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica to steel in a seawater environment and their effects on corrosion. 28586728 5 34 theme main 759:762 arg1 fibers 878:883 polysaccharides/TasA amyloid fibers 849:883 polysaccharides/TasA amyloid fibers 849:883 The main components of the films formed in the presence of B. subtilis and P. lipolytica were polysaccharides/TasA amyloid fibers and proteins/carboxylic acid, respectively. 28586728 5 34 theme main 759:762 arg1 components 764:773 The main components 755:773 The main components of the films formed in the presence of B. subtilis and P. lipolytica 755:842 The main components of the films formed in the presence of B. subtilis and P. lipolytica were polysaccharides/TasA amyloid fibers and proteins/carboxylic acid, respectively. 28586728 0 35 from steel 66:70 arg1 environment 86:96 a seawater environment 75:96 a seawater environment 75:96 Adhesion of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica to steel in a seawater environment and their effects on corrosion. 28586728 8 36 theme loose 1320:1324 arg1 film 1339:1342 the loose, hydrophilic film 1316:1342 the loose, hydrophilic film of P. lipolytica 1316:1359 In short, the compact and hydrophobic biofilm of B. subtilis appears to inhibit the corrosion of steel, while the loose, hydrophilic film of P. lipolytica tends to induce pitting corrosion. 28586728 2 37 theme present 334:340 arg1 work 342:345 the present work 330:345 the present work 330:345 In the present work, this phenomenon was investigated through the study of various materials characterization methods, electrochemical techniques, and contact angle measurements. 28586728 0 38 theme lipolytica 52:61 arg1 Adhesion 0:7 Adhesion 0:7 Adhesion of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica to steel in a seawater environment 0:96 Adhesion of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica to steel in a seawater environment and their effects on corrosion. 28586728 0 38 theme lipolytica 52:61 arg1 effects 108:114 their effects 102:114 their effects on corrosion 102:127 Adhesion of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica to steel in a seawater environment and their effects on corrosion. 28586728 0 39 from effects 108:114 arg1 corrosion 119:127 corrosion 119:127 corrosion 119:127 Adhesion of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica to steel in a seawater environment and their effects on corrosion. 28586728 7 40 theme P. 1191:1192 arg1 lipolytica 1194:1203 P. lipolytica 1191:1203 P. lipolytica 1191:1203 The presence of B. subtilis enhances the steel's resistance to corrosion, whereas corrosion was increased by the presence of P. lipolytica. 28586728 3 41 theme subtilis 583:590 arg1 presence 568:575 the presence 564:575 the presence of B. subtilis 564:590 It was found that the surface film formed on the steel in the presence of B. subtilis was compact, uniform, free of cracks, and hydrophobic. 28586728 5 42 theme polysaccharides/TasA 849:868 arg1 fibers 878:883 polysaccharides/TasA amyloid fibers 849:883 polysaccharides/TasA amyloid fibers 849:883 The main components of the films formed in the presence of B. subtilis and P. lipolytica were polysaccharides/TasA amyloid fibers and proteins/carboxylic acid, respectively. 28586728 5 42 theme polysaccharides/TasA 849:868 arg1 components 764:773 The main components 755:773 The main components of the films formed in the presence of B. subtilis and P. lipolytica 755:842 The main components of the films formed in the presence of B. subtilis and P. lipolytica were polysaccharides/TasA amyloid fibers and proteins/carboxylic acid, respectively. 28586728 8 43 theme steel 1303:1307 arg1 corrosion 1290:1298 the corrosion 1286:1298 the corrosion of steel 1286:1307 In short, the compact and hydrophobic biofilm of B. subtilis appears to inhibit the corrosion of steel, while the loose, hydrophilic film of P. lipolytica tends to induce pitting corrosion. 28586728 1 44 located found 219:223 arg1 biofilms 232:239 the biofilms 228:239 the biofilms adherent to low-alloy engineering steel 228:279 In a marine environment, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica are commonly found in the biofilms adherent to low-alloy engineering steel, and they have distinct effects on corrosion. 28586728 1 44 located found 219:223 arg1 environment 142:152 a marine environment 133:152 a marine environment 133:152 In a marine environment, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica are commonly found in the biofilms adherent to low-alloy engineering steel, and they have distinct effects on corrosion. 28586728 1 44 located found 219:223 arg2 lipolytica 195:204 Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica 177:204 Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica 177:204 In a marine environment, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica are commonly found in the biofilms adherent to low-alloy engineering steel, and they have distinct effects on corrosion. 28586728 1 44 located found 219:223 arg2 subtilis 164:171 Bacillus subtilis 155:171 Bacillus subtilis 155:171 In a marine environment, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica are commonly found in the biofilms adherent to low-alloy engineering steel, and they have distinct effects on corrosion. 28586728 5 45 theme amyloid 870:876 arg1 fibers 878:883 polysaccharides/TasA amyloid fibers 849:883 polysaccharides/TasA amyloid fibers 849:883 The main components of the films formed in the presence of B. subtilis and P. lipolytica were polysaccharides/TasA amyloid fibers and proteins/carboxylic acid, respectively. 28586728 5 45 theme amyloid 870:876 arg1 components 764:773 The main components 755:773 The main components of the films formed in the presence of B. subtilis and P. lipolytica 755:842 The main components of the films formed in the presence of B. subtilis and P. lipolytica were polysaccharides/TasA amyloid fibers and proteins/carboxylic acid, respectively. 28586728 7 46 theme lipolytica 1194:1203 arg1 presence 1179:1186 the presence 1175:1186 the presence of P. lipolytica 1175:1203 The presence of B. subtilis enhances the steel's resistance to corrosion, whereas corrosion was increased by the presence of P. lipolytica. 28586728 6 47 theme surface 979:985 arg1 films 987:991 the surface films 975:991 the surface films formed on the steel 975:1011 The composition, structure, and properties of the surface films formed on the steel were associated with different effects on corrosion. 28586728 5 48 theme subtilis 817:824 arg1 presence 802:809 the presence 798:809 the presence of B. subtilis and P. lipolytica 798:842 The main components of the films formed in the presence of B. subtilis and P. lipolytica were polysaccharides/TasA amyloid fibers and proteins/carboxylic acid, respectively. 28586728 1 49 theme marine 135:140 arg1 environment 142:152 a marine environment 133:152 a marine environment 133:152 In a marine environment, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica are commonly found in the biofilms adherent to low-alloy engineering steel, and they have distinct effects on corrosion. 28586728 1 50 theme adherent 241:248 arg1 biofilms 232:239 the biofilms 228:239 the biofilms adherent to low-alloy engineering steel 228:279 In a marine environment, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica are commonly found in the biofilms adherent to low-alloy engineering steel, and they have distinct effects on corrosion. 27113269 0 0 theme spectroscopy-microscopy 69:91 arg1 study 93:97 a combined spectroscopy-microscopy study 58:97 soil: a combined spectroscopy-microscopy study 52:97 Biochar affects carbon composition and stability in soil: a combined spectroscopy-microscopy study. 27113269 4 1 theme organic 464:470 arg1 residues 472:479 three different organic residues 448:479 three different organic residues 448:479 A silty-loam soil was amended with three different organic residues and with the biochar produced from these residues and incubated for 237 d. Soil respiration was lower in biochar-amended soils than in residue-amended soils. 27113269 7 2 theme C 1177:1177 arg1 mechanism 1206:1214 an important mechanism 1193:1214 an important mechanism for C stabilization in biochar-amended soils 1193:1259 We conclude that reduced C metabolism is an important mechanism for C stabilization in biochar-amended soils. 27113269 7 2 theme C 1177:1177 arg1 metabolism 1179:1188 reduced C metabolism 1169:1188 reduced C metabolism 1169:1188 We conclude that reduced C metabolism is an important mechanism for C stabilization in biochar-amended soils. 27113269 1 3 from storage 148:154 arg1 soil 159:162 soil 159:162 soil 159:162 The use of biochar can contribute to carbon (C) storage in soil. 27113269 0 4 theme combined 60:67 arg1 study 93:97 a combined spectroscopy-microscopy study 58:97 soil: a combined spectroscopy-microscopy study 52:97 Biochar affects carbon composition and stability in soil: a combined spectroscopy-microscopy study. 27113269 7 5 theme reduced 1169:1175 arg1 mechanism 1206:1214 an important mechanism 1193:1214 an important mechanism for C stabilization in biochar-amended soils 1193:1259 We conclude that reduced C metabolism is an important mechanism for C stabilization in biochar-amended soils. 27113269 7 5 theme reduced 1169:1175 arg1 metabolism 1179:1188 reduced C metabolism 1169:1188 reduced C metabolism 1169:1188 We conclude that reduced C metabolism is an important mechanism for C stabilization in biochar-amended soils. 27113269 1 6 theme C 145:145 arg1 storage 148:154 carbon (C) storage 137:154 carbon (C) storage in soil 137:162 The use of biochar can contribute to carbon (C) storage in soil. 27113269 6 7 theme raw 1026:1028 arg1 aromatic-C 1072:1081 aromatic-C 1072:1081 aromatic-C 1072:1081 The combined spectroscopy-microscopy approach revealed the accumulation of aromatic-C in discrete spots in the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C:polysaccharides-C was consistently reduced upon biochar application. 27113269 6 7 theme raw 1026:1028 arg1 residue 1030:1036 raw residue 1026:1036 raw residue 1026:1036 The combined spectroscopy-microscopy approach revealed the accumulation of aromatic-C in discrete spots in the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C:polysaccharides-C was consistently reduced upon biochar application. 27113269 5 8 theme biochar 707:713 arg1 application 715:725 biochar application 707:725 biochar application 707:725 Fluorescence analysis of the dissolved organic matter revealed that biochar application increased a humic-like fluorescent component, likely associated with biochar-C in solution. 27113269 4 9 theme Soil 556:559 arg1 respiration 561:571 Soil respiration 556:571 Soil respiration 556:571 A silty-loam soil was amended with three different organic residues and with the biochar produced from these residues and incubated for 237 d. Soil respiration was lower in biochar-amended soils than in residue-amended soils. 27113269 3 10 theme Fourier 302:308 arg1 infrared-microscopy 322:340 Fourier transformed infrared-microscopy 302:340 Fourier transformed infrared-microscopy 302:340 Here, we used Fourier transformed infrared-microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy to examine this reorganization. 27113269 5 11 theme Fluorescence 639:650 arg1 analysis 652:659 Fluorescence analysis 639:659 Fluorescence analysis of the dissolved organic matter 639:691 Fluorescence analysis of the dissolved organic matter revealed that biochar application increased a humic-like fluorescent component, likely associated with biochar-C in solution. 27113269 2 12 theme soil 237:240 arg1 particles 242:250 soil particles 237:250 soil particles 237:250 Upon addition of biochar, there is a spatial reorganization of C within soil particles, but the mechanisms remain unclear. 27113269 7 13 theme biochar-amended 1239:1253 arg1 soils 1255:1259 biochar-amended soils 1239:1259 biochar-amended soils 1239:1259 We conclude that reduced C metabolism is an important mechanism for C stabilization in biochar-amended soils. 27113269 6 14 theme biochar 1131:1137 arg1 application 1139:1149 biochar application 1131:1149 biochar application 1131:1149 The combined spectroscopy-microscopy approach revealed the accumulation of aromatic-C in discrete spots in the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C:polysaccharides-C was consistently reduced upon biochar application. 27113269 6 15 from spots 917:921 arg1 solid-phase 930:940 the solid-phase 926:940 the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C 926:1081 The combined spectroscopy-microscopy approach revealed the accumulation of aromatic-C in discrete spots in the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C:polysaccharides-C was consistently reduced upon biochar application. 27113269 4 16 theme different 454:462 arg1 residues 472:479 three different organic residues 448:479 three different organic residues 448:479 A silty-loam soil was amended with three different organic residues and with the biochar produced from these residues and incubated for 237 d. Soil respiration was lower in biochar-amended soils than in residue-amended soils. 27113269 2 17 theme C 228:228 arg1 reorganization 210:223 a spatial reorganization 200:223 a spatial reorganization of C within soil particles 200:250 Upon addition of biochar, there is a spatial reorganization of C within soil particles, but the mechanisms remain unclear. 27113269 4 18 theme residue-amended 616:630 arg1 soils 632:636 residue-amended soils 616:636 residue-amended soils 616:636 A silty-loam soil was amended with three different organic residues and with the biochar produced from these residues and incubated for 237 d. Soil respiration was lower in biochar-amended soils than in residue-amended soils. 27113269 6 19 from accumulation 878:889 arg1 spots 917:921 discrete spots 908:921 discrete spots in the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C 908:1081 The combined spectroscopy-microscopy approach revealed the accumulation of aromatic-C in discrete spots in the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C:polysaccharides-C was consistently reduced upon biochar application. 27113269 3 20 theme confocal 346:353 arg1 microscopy 370:379 confocal laser scanning microscopy 346:379 confocal laser scanning microscopy 346:379 Here, we used Fourier transformed infrared-microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy to examine this reorganization. 27113269 3 21 used used 297:300 arg2 we 294:295 we 294:295 we 294:295 Here, we used Fourier transformed infrared-microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy to examine this reorganization. 27113269 3 22 theme transformed 310:320 arg1 infrared-microscopy 322:340 Fourier transformed infrared-microscopy 302:340 Fourier transformed infrared-microscopy 302:340 Here, we used Fourier transformed infrared-microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy to examine this reorganization. 27113269 5 23 theme organic 678:684 arg1 matter 686:691 the dissolved organic matter 664:691 the dissolved organic matter 664:691 Fluorescence analysis of the dissolved organic matter revealed that biochar application increased a humic-like fluorescent component, likely associated with biochar-C in solution. 27113269 7 24 from stabilization 1222:1234 arg1 soils 1255:1259 biochar-amended soils 1239:1259 biochar-amended soils 1239:1259 We conclude that reduced C metabolism is an important mechanism for C stabilization in biochar-amended soils. 27113269 0 25 theme carbon 16:21 arg1 composition 23:33 carbon composition 16:33 carbon composition 16:33 Biochar affects carbon composition and stability in soil: a combined spectroscopy-microscopy study. 27113269 5 26 theme matter 686:691 arg1 analysis 652:659 Fluorescence analysis 639:659 Fluorescence analysis of the dissolved organic matter 639:691 Fluorescence analysis of the dissolved organic matter revealed that biochar application increased a humic-like fluorescent component, likely associated with biochar-C in solution. 27113269 4 27 theme silty-loam 415:424 arg1 soil 426:429 A silty-loam soil 413:429 A silty-loam soil 413:429 A silty-loam soil was amended with three different organic residues and with the biochar produced from these residues and incubated for 237 d. Soil respiration was lower in biochar-amended soils than in residue-amended soils. 27113269 6 28 with co-localization 969:983 arg1 minerals 995:1002 clay minerals 990:1002 clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C 990:1081 The combined spectroscopy-microscopy approach revealed the accumulation of aromatic-C in discrete spots in the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C:polysaccharides-C was consistently reduced upon biochar application. 27113269 4 29 theme biochar-amended 586:600 arg1 soils 602:606 biochar-amended soils 586:606 biochar-amended soils 586:606 A silty-loam soil was amended with three different organic residues and with the biochar produced from these residues and incubated for 237 d. Soil respiration was lower in biochar-amended soils than in residue-amended soils. 27113269 7 30 theme important 1196:1204 arg1 mechanism 1206:1214 an important mechanism 1193:1214 an important mechanism for C stabilization in biochar-amended soils 1193:1259 We conclude that reduced C metabolism is an important mechanism for C stabilization in biochar-amended soils. 27113269 7 30 theme important 1196:1204 arg1 metabolism 1179:1188 reduced C metabolism 1169:1188 reduced C metabolism 1169:1188 We conclude that reduced C metabolism is an important mechanism for C stabilization in biochar-amended soils. 27113269 6 31 theme clay 990:993 arg1 minerals 995:1002 clay minerals 990:1002 clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C 990:1081 The combined spectroscopy-microscopy approach revealed the accumulation of aromatic-C in discrete spots in the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C:polysaccharides-C was consistently reduced upon biochar application. 27113269 4 32 dep d. 553:554 arg1 lower 577:581 lower 577:581 lower 577:581 A silty-loam soil was amended with three different organic residues and with the biochar produced from these residues and incubated for 237 d. Soil respiration was lower in biochar-amended soils than in residue-amended soils. 27113269 0 33 dep soil 52:55 arg1 study 93:97 a combined spectroscopy-microscopy study 58:97 soil: a combined spectroscopy-microscopy study 52:97 Biochar affects carbon composition and stability in soil: a combined spectroscopy-microscopy study. 27113269 6 34 theme aromatic-C 1072:1081 arg1 aromatic-C 1072:1081 aromatic-C 1072:1081 aromatic-C 1072:1081 The combined spectroscopy-microscopy approach revealed the accumulation of aromatic-C in discrete spots in the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C:polysaccharides-C was consistently reduced upon biochar application. 27113269 6 34 theme aromatic-C 1072:1081 arg1 residue 1030:1036 raw residue 1026:1036 raw residue 1026:1036 The combined spectroscopy-microscopy approach revealed the accumulation of aromatic-C in discrete spots in the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C:polysaccharides-C was consistently reduced upon biochar application. 27113269 6 34 theme aromatic-C 1072:1081 arg1 co-localization 1053:1067 biochar.The co-localization 1041:1067 biochar.The co-localization 1041:1067 The combined spectroscopy-microscopy approach revealed the accumulation of aromatic-C in discrete spots in the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C:polysaccharides-C was consistently reduced upon biochar application. 27113269 3 35 theme laser 355:359 arg1 microscopy 370:379 confocal laser scanning microscopy 346:379 confocal laser scanning microscopy 346:379 Here, we used Fourier transformed infrared-microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy to examine this reorganization. 27113269 6 36 theme co-localization 969:983 arg1 solid-phase 930:940 the solid-phase 926:940 the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C 926:1081 The combined spectroscopy-microscopy approach revealed the accumulation of aromatic-C in discrete spots in the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C:polysaccharides-C was consistently reduced upon biochar application. 27113269 6 37 theme aromatic-C 894:903 arg1 accumulation 878:889 the accumulation 874:889 the accumulation of aromatic-C in discrete spots in the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C 874:1081 The combined spectroscopy-microscopy approach revealed the accumulation of aromatic-C in discrete spots in the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C:polysaccharides-C was consistently reduced upon biochar application. 27113269 6 38 theme discrete 908:915 arg1 spots 917:921 discrete spots 908:921 discrete spots in the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C 908:1081 The combined spectroscopy-microscopy approach revealed the accumulation of aromatic-C in discrete spots in the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C:polysaccharides-C was consistently reduced upon biochar application. 27113269 3 39 theme scanning 361:368 arg1 microscopy 370:379 confocal laser scanning microscopy 346:379 confocal laser scanning microscopy 346:379 Here, we used Fourier transformed infrared-microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy to examine this reorganization. 27113269 2 40 theme biochar 182:188 arg1 addition 170:177 addition 170:177 addition of biochar 170:188 Upon addition of biochar, there is a spatial reorganization of C within soil particles, but the mechanisms remain unclear. 27113269 5 41 from biochar-C 796:804 arg1 solution 809:816 solution 809:816 solution 809:816 Fluorescence analysis of the dissolved organic matter revealed that biochar application increased a humic-like fluorescent component, likely associated with biochar-C in solution. 27113269 1 42 theme biochar 111:117 arg1 use 104:106 The use 100:106 The use of biochar 100:117 The use of biochar can contribute to carbon (C) storage in soil. 27113269 6 43 with microaggregates 945:959 arg1 minerals 995:1002 clay minerals 990:1002 clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C 990:1081 The combined spectroscopy-microscopy approach revealed the accumulation of aromatic-C in discrete spots in the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C:polysaccharides-C was consistently reduced upon biochar application. 27113269 5 44 theme dissolved 668:676 arg1 matter 686:691 the dissolved organic matter 664:691 the dissolved organic matter 664:691 Fluorescence analysis of the dissolved organic matter revealed that biochar application increased a humic-like fluorescent component, likely associated with biochar-C in solution. 27113269 6 45 theme spectroscopy-microscopy 832:854 arg1 approach 856:863 The combined spectroscopy-microscopy approach 819:863 The combined spectroscopy-microscopy approach 819:863 The combined spectroscopy-microscopy approach revealed the accumulation of aromatic-C in discrete spots in the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C:polysaccharides-C was consistently reduced upon biochar application. 27113269 5 46 theme humic-like 739:748 arg1 component 762:770 a humic-like fluorescent component 737:770 a humic-like fluorescent component 737:770 Fluorescence analysis of the dissolved organic matter revealed that biochar application increased a humic-like fluorescent component, likely associated with biochar-C in solution. 27113269 6 47 theme combined 823:830 arg1 approach 856:863 The combined spectroscopy-microscopy approach 819:863 The combined spectroscopy-microscopy approach 819:863 The combined spectroscopy-microscopy approach revealed the accumulation of aromatic-C in discrete spots in the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C:polysaccharides-C was consistently reduced upon biochar application. 27113269 2 48 theme spatial 202:208 arg1 reorganization 210:223 a spatial reorganization 200:223 a spatial reorganization of C within soil particles 200:250 Upon addition of biochar, there is a spatial reorganization of C within soil particles, but the mechanisms remain unclear. 27113269 6 49 theme biochar.The 1041:1051 arg1 co-localization 1053:1067 biochar.The co-localization 1041:1067 biochar.The co-localization 1041:1067 The combined spectroscopy-microscopy approach revealed the accumulation of aromatic-C in discrete spots in the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C:polysaccharides-C was consistently reduced upon biochar application. 27113269 5 50 theme fluorescent 750:760 arg1 component 762:770 a humic-like fluorescent component 737:770 a humic-like fluorescent component 737:770 Fluorescence analysis of the dissolved organic matter revealed that biochar application increased a humic-like fluorescent component, likely associated with biochar-C in solution. 27113269 6 51 theme microaggregates 945:959 arg1 solid-phase 930:940 the solid-phase 926:940 the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C 926:1081 The combined spectroscopy-microscopy approach revealed the accumulation of aromatic-C in discrete spots in the solid-phase of microaggregates and its co-localization with clay minerals for soil amended with raw residue or biochar.The co-localization of aromatic-C:polysaccharides-C was consistently reduced upon biochar application. 27113269 7 52 theme C 1220:1220 arg1 stabilization 1222:1234 C stabilization 1220:1234 C stabilization in biochar-amended soils 1220:1259 We conclude that reduced C metabolism is an important mechanism for C stabilization in biochar-amended soils. 27113269 1 53 theme carbon 137:142 arg1 storage 148:154 carbon (C) storage 137:154 carbon (C) storage in soil 137:162 The use of biochar can contribute to carbon (C) storage in soil. 28367546 3 0 theme mobility 674:681 arg1 distribution 683:694 A combined mobility distribution 663:694 A combined mobility distribution of 9 N-linked glycans 663:716 A combined mobility distribution of 9 N-linked glycans is established for 90 MALDI-IMS-MS spectra (training set) and analyzed using a genetic algorithm for feature selection and classification. 28367546 4 1 dep phenotypes 947:956 arg1 BE 959:960 BE 959:960 BE 959:960 Two models for phenotype delineation are subsequently developed and as a result, the four phenotypes (BE, HGD, EAC and NC) are unequivocally differentiated. 28367546 4 1 dep phenotypes 947:956 arg1 NC 976:977 NC 976:977 NC 976:977 Two models for phenotype delineation are subsequently developed and as a result, the four phenotypes (BE, HGD, EAC and NC) are unequivocally differentiated. 28367546 4 1 dep phenotypes 947:956 arg1 EAC 968:970 EAC 968:970 EAC 968:970 Two models for phenotype delineation are subsequently developed and as a result, the four phenotypes (BE, HGD, EAC and NC) are unequivocally differentiated. 28367546 4 1 dep phenotypes 947:956 arg1 HGD 963:965 HGD 963:965 HGD 963:965 Two models for phenotype delineation are subsequently developed and as a result, the four phenotypes (BE, HGD, EAC and NC) are unequivocally differentiated. 28367546 7 2 from serum 1306:1310 arg1 means 1270:1274 a means 1268:1274 a means of discovering molecules from serum that may have capabilities as markers of disease 1268:1359 Although applied to a limited number of blind samples, this methodology appears promising as a means of discovering molecules from serum that may have capabilities as markers of disease. 28367546 7 2 from serum 1306:1310 arg1 molecules 1291:1299 discovering molecules 1279:1299 discovering molecules from serum that may have capabilities as markers of disease 1279:1359 Although applied to a limited number of blind samples, this methodology appears promising as a means of discovering molecules from serum that may have capabilities as markers of disease. 28367546 3 3 theme feature 819:825 arg1 selection 827:835 feature selection 819:835 feature selection 819:835 A combined mobility distribution of 9 N-linked glycans is established for 90 MALDI-IMS-MS spectra (training set) and analyzed using a genetic algorithm for feature selection and classification. 28367546 3 4 theme genetic 797:803 arg1 algorithm 805:813 a genetic algorithm 795:813 a genetic algorithm for feature selection and classification 795:854 A combined mobility distribution of 9 N-linked glycans is established for 90 MALDI-IMS-MS spectra (training set) and analyzed using a genetic algorithm for feature selection and classification. 28367546 0 5 theme N-linked 110:117 arg1 glycans 119:125 serum N-linked glycans 104:125 serum N-linked glycans 104:125 Delineation of disease phenotypes associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma by MALDI-IMS-MS analysis of serum N-linked glycans. 28367546 5 6 theme blind 1057:1061 arg1 measurements 1063:1074 26 blind measurements 1054:1074 26 blind measurements 1054:1074 Next, the two models are tested against 26 blind measurements. 28367546 0 7 theme serum 104:108 arg1 glycans 119:125 serum N-linked glycans 104:125 serum N-linked glycans 104:125 Delineation of disease phenotypes associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma by MALDI-IMS-MS analysis of serum N-linked glycans. 28367546 7 8 contain have 1321:1324 arg2 capabilities 1326:1337 capabilities 1326:1337 capabilities 1326:1337 Although applied to a limited number of blind samples, this methodology appears promising as a means of discovering molecules from serum that may have capabilities as markers of disease. 28367546 7 8 contain have 1321:1324 arg1 serum 1306:1310 serum 1306:1310 serum that may have capabilities as markers of disease 1306:1359 Although applied to a limited number of blind samples, this methodology appears promising as a means of discovering molecules from serum that may have capabilities as markers of disease. 28367546 7 8 contain have 1321:1324 arg2 markers 1342:1348 markers 1342:1348 markers of disease 1342:1359 Although applied to a limited number of blind samples, this methodology appears promising as a means of discovering molecules from serum that may have capabilities as markers of disease. 28367546 6 9 theme blinds 1167:1172 arg1 prediction 1139:1148 the correct phenotype prediction 1117:1148 the correct phenotype prediction of as many as 20 blinds 1117:1172 Interestingly, these models allowed for the correct phenotype prediction of as many as 20 blinds. 28367546 3 10 theme training 762:769 arg1 spectra 753:759 90 MALDI-IMS-MS spectra 737:759 90 MALDI-IMS-MS spectra (training set) 737:774 A combined mobility distribution of 9 N-linked glycans is established for 90 MALDI-IMS-MS spectra (training set) and analyzed using a genetic algorithm for feature selection and classification. 28367546 3 10 theme training 762:769 arg1 set 771:773 training set 762:773 training set 762:773 A combined mobility distribution of 9 N-linked glycans is established for 90 MALDI-IMS-MS spectra (training set) and analyzed using a genetic algorithm for feature selection and classification. 28367546 3 11 theme combined 665:672 arg1 distribution 683:694 A combined mobility distribution 663:694 A combined mobility distribution of 9 N-linked glycans 663:716 A combined mobility distribution of 9 N-linked glycans is established for 90 MALDI-IMS-MS spectra (training set) and analyzed using a genetic algorithm for feature selection and classification. 28367546 1 12 theme healthy 178:184 arg1 individuals 194:204 healthy control individuals 178:204 healthy control individuals 178:204 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 0 13 theme glycans 119:125 arg1 analysis 92:99 MALDI-IMS-MS analysis 79:99 MALDI-IMS-MS analysis of serum N-linked glycans 79:125 Delineation of disease phenotypes associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma by MALDI-IMS-MS analysis of serum N-linked glycans. 28367546 1 14 theme pattern 355:361 arg1 methods 375:381 pattern recognition methods 355:381 pattern recognition methods 355:381 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 1 15 theme control 186:192 arg1 individuals 194:204 healthy control individuals 178:204 healthy control individuals 178:204 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 2 16 dep adenocarcinoma 582:595 arg1 patients 606:613 20 patients 603:613 20 patients 603:613 MALDI-IMS-MS data were collected in duplicate for 58 serum samples obtained from individuals diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus (BE, 14 patients), high-grade dysplasia (HGD, 7 patients), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC, 20 patients) and disease-free control (NC, 17 individuals). 28367546 2 16 dep adenocarcinoma 582:595 arg1 EAC 598:600 EAC 598:600 EAC 598:600 MALDI-IMS-MS data were collected in duplicate for 58 serum samples obtained from individuals diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus (BE, 14 patients), high-grade dysplasia (HGD, 7 patients), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC, 20 patients) and disease-free control (NC, 17 individuals). 28367546 1 17 theme recognition 363:373 arg1 methods 375:381 pattern recognition methods 355:381 pattern recognition methods 355:381 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 7 18 theme disease 1353:1359 arg1 markers 1342:1348 markers 1342:1348 markers of disease 1342:1359 Although applied to a limited number of blind samples, this methodology appears promising as a means of discovering molecules from serum that may have capabilities as markers of disease. 28367546 7 18 theme disease 1353:1359 arg1 capabilities 1326:1337 capabilities 1326:1337 capabilities 1326:1337 Although applied to a limited number of blind samples, this methodology appears promising as a means of discovering molecules from serum that may have capabilities as markers of disease. 28367546 2 19 theme serum 437:441 arg1 samples 443:449 58 serum samples 434:449 58 serum samples obtained from individuals diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus (BE, 14 patients), high-grade dysplasia (HGD, 7 patients), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC, 20 patients) and disease-free control (NC, 17 individuals) 434:660 MALDI-IMS-MS data were collected in duplicate for 58 serum samples obtained from individuals diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus (BE, 14 patients), high-grade dysplasia (HGD, 7 patients), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC, 20 patients) and disease-free control (NC, 17 individuals). 28367546 2 20 theme esophageal 571:580 arg1 adenocarcinoma 582:595 esophageal adenocarcinoma 571:595 esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC, 20 patients) 571:614 MALDI-IMS-MS data were collected in duplicate for 58 serum samples obtained from individuals diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus (BE, 14 patients), high-grade dysplasia (HGD, 7 patients), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC, 20 patients) and disease-free control (NC, 17 individuals). 28367546 2 21 theme disease-free 620:631 arg1 control 633:639 disease-free control 620:639 disease-free control (NC, 17 individuals) 620:660 MALDI-IMS-MS data were collected in duplicate for 58 serum samples obtained from individuals diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus (BE, 14 patients), high-grade dysplasia (HGD, 7 patients), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC, 20 patients) and disease-free control (NC, 17 individuals). 28367546 7 22 theme blind 1215:1219 arg1 samples 1221:1227 blind samples 1215:1227 blind samples 1215:1227 Although applied to a limited number of blind samples, this methodology appears promising as a means of discovering molecules from serum that may have capabilities as markers of disease. 28367546 0 23 theme phenotypes 23:32 arg1 Delineation 0:10 Delineation 0:10 Delineation of disease phenotypes 0:32 Delineation of disease phenotypes associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma by MALDI-IMS-MS analysis of serum N-linked glycans. 28367546 1 24 theme ion 295:297 arg1 IMS 322:324 IMS 322:324 IMS 322:324 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 1 24 theme ion 295:297 arg1 spectrometry 308:319 ion mobility spectrometry 295:319 ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) 295:325 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 2 25 theme high-grade 531:540 arg1 dysplasia 542:550 high-grade dysplasia 531:550 high-grade dysplasia (HGD, 7 patients) 531:568 MALDI-IMS-MS data were collected in duplicate for 58 serum samples obtained from individuals diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus (BE, 14 patients), high-grade dysplasia (HGD, 7 patients), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC, 20 patients) and disease-free control (NC, 17 individuals). 28367546 7 26 theme discovering 1279:1289 arg1 molecules 1291:1299 discovering molecules 1279:1299 discovering molecules from serum that may have capabilities as markers of disease 1279:1359 Although applied to a limited number of blind samples, this methodology appears promising as a means of discovering molecules from serum that may have capabilities as markers of disease. 28367546 7 27 theme limited 1197:1203 arg1 number 1205:1210 a limited number 1195:1210 a limited number of blind samples 1195:1227 Although applied to a limited number of blind samples, this methodology appears promising as a means of discovering molecules from serum that may have capabilities as markers of disease. 28367546 0 28 theme disease 15:21 arg1 phenotypes 23:32 disease phenotypes 15:32 disease phenotypes 15:32 Delineation of disease phenotypes associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma by MALDI-IMS-MS analysis of serum N-linked glycans. 28367546 1 29 theme mobility 299:306 arg1 IMS 322:324 IMS 322:324 IMS 322:324 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 1 29 theme mobility 299:306 arg1 spectrometry 308:319 ion mobility spectrometry 295:319 ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) 295:325 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 7 30 theme molecules 1291:1299 arg1 means 1270:1274 a means 1268:1274 a means of discovering molecules from serum that may have capabilities as markers of disease 1268:1359 Although applied to a limited number of blind samples, this methodology appears promising as a means of discovering molecules from serum that may have capabilities as markers of disease. 28367546 7 31 from means 1270:1274 arg1 serum 1306:1310 serum 1306:1310 serum that may have capabilities as markers of disease 1306:1359 Although applied to a limited number of blind samples, this methodology appears promising as a means of discovering molecules from serum that may have capabilities as markers of disease. 28367546 4 32 theme phenotype 872:880 arg1 delineation 882:892 phenotype delineation 872:892 phenotype delineation 872:892 Two models for phenotype delineation are subsequently developed and as a result, the four phenotypes (BE, HGD, EAC and NC) are unequivocally differentiated. 28367546 2 33 dep control 633:639 arg1 NC 642:643 NC 642:643 NC 642:643 MALDI-IMS-MS data were collected in duplicate for 58 serum samples obtained from individuals diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus (BE, 14 patients), high-grade dysplasia (HGD, 7 patients), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC, 20 patients) and disease-free control (NC, 17 individuals). 28367546 2 33 dep control 633:639 arg1 individuals 649:659 17 individuals 646:659 17 individuals 646:659 MALDI-IMS-MS data were collected in duplicate for 58 serum samples obtained from individuals diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus (BE, 14 patients), high-grade dysplasia (HGD, 7 patients), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC, 20 patients) and disease-free control (NC, 17 individuals). 28367546 7 34 theme samples 1221:1227 arg1 number 1205:1210 a limited number 1195:1210 a limited number of blind samples 1195:1227 Although applied to a limited number of blind samples, this methodology appears promising as a means of discovering molecules from serum that may have capabilities as markers of disease. 28367546 3 35 link N-linked 701:708 arg1 glycans 710:716 9 N-linked glycans 699:716 9 N-linked glycans 699:716 A combined mobility distribution of 9 N-linked glycans is established for 90 MALDI-IMS-MS spectra (training set) and analyzed using a genetic algorithm for feature selection and classification. 28367546 1 36 theme Matrix-assisted 223:237 arg1 ionization 256:265 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization 223:265 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) 223:273 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 1 36 theme Matrix-assisted 223:237 arg1 MALDI 268:272 MALDI 268:272 MALDI 268:272 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 3 37 theme MALDI-IMS-MS 740:751 arg1 spectra 753:759 90 MALDI-IMS-MS spectra 737:759 90 MALDI-IMS-MS spectra (training set) 737:774 A combined mobility distribution of 9 N-linked glycans is established for 90 MALDI-IMS-MS spectra (training set) and analyzed using a genetic algorithm for feature selection and classification. 28367546 3 37 theme MALDI-IMS-MS 740:751 arg1 set 771:773 training set 762:773 training set 762:773 A combined mobility distribution of 9 N-linked glycans is established for 90 MALDI-IMS-MS spectra (training set) and analyzed using a genetic algorithm for feature selection and classification. 28367546 6 38 theme phenotype 1129:1137 arg1 prediction 1139:1148 the correct phenotype prediction 1117:1148 the correct phenotype prediction of as many as 20 blinds 1117:1172 Interestingly, these models allowed for the correct phenotype prediction of as many as 20 blinds. 28367546 1 39 with combination 278:288 arg1 IMS 322:324 IMS 322:324 IMS 322:324 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 1 39 with combination 278:288 arg1 methods 375:381 pattern recognition methods 355:381 pattern recognition methods 355:381 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 1 39 with combination 278:288 arg1 spectrometry 308:319 ion mobility spectrometry 295:319 ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) 295:325 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 1 39 with combination 278:288 arg1 MS 347:348 MS 347:348 MS 347:348 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 1 39 with combination 278:288 arg1 spectrometry 333:344 mass spectrometry 328:344 mass spectrometry (MS) 328:349 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 1 40 theme N-Linked 128:135 arg1 glycans 137:143 N-Linked glycans 128:143 N-Linked glycans 128:143 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 0 41 theme esophageal 50:59 arg1 adenocarcinoma 61:74 esophageal adenocarcinoma 50:74 esophageal adenocarcinoma 50:74 Delineation of disease phenotypes associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma by MALDI-IMS-MS analysis of serum N-linked glycans. 28367546 3 42 theme N-linked 701:708 arg1 glycans 710:716 9 N-linked glycans 699:716 9 N-linked glycans 699:716 A combined mobility distribution of 9 N-linked glycans is established for 90 MALDI-IMS-MS spectra (training set) and analyzed using a genetic algorithm for feature selection and classification. 28367546 6 43 theme correct 1121:1127 arg1 prediction 1139:1148 the correct phenotype prediction 1117:1148 the correct phenotype prediction of as many as 20 blinds 1117:1172 Interestingly, these models allowed for the correct phenotype prediction of as many as 20 blinds. 28367546 3 44 theme glycans 710:716 arg1 distribution 683:694 A combined mobility distribution 663:694 A combined mobility distribution of 9 N-linked glycans 663:716 A combined mobility distribution of 9 N-linked glycans is established for 90 MALDI-IMS-MS spectra (training set) and analyzed using a genetic algorithm for feature selection and classification. 28367546 2 45 dep esophagus 502:510 arg1 patients 520:527 14 patients 517:527 14 patients 517:527 MALDI-IMS-MS data were collected in duplicate for 58 serum samples obtained from individuals diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus (BE, 14 patients), high-grade dysplasia (HGD, 7 patients), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC, 20 patients) and disease-free control (NC, 17 individuals). 28367546 1 46 theme laser 239:243 arg1 ionization 256:265 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization 223:265 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) 223:273 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 1 46 theme laser 239:243 arg1 MALDI 268:272 MALDI 268:272 MALDI 268:272 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 1 47 theme desorption 245:254 arg1 ionization 256:265 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization 223:265 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) 223:273 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 1 47 theme desorption 245:254 arg1 MALDI 268:272 MALDI 268:272 MALDI 268:272 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 0 48 theme MALDI-IMS-MS 79:90 arg1 analysis 92:99 MALDI-IMS-MS analysis 79:99 MALDI-IMS-MS analysis of serum N-linked glycans 79:125 Delineation of disease phenotypes associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma by MALDI-IMS-MS analysis of serum N-linked glycans. 28367546 2 49 theme MALDI-IMS-MS 384:395 arg1 data 397:400 MALDI-IMS-MS data 384:400 MALDI-IMS-MS data 384:400 MALDI-IMS-MS data were collected in duplicate for 58 serum samples obtained from individuals diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus (BE, 14 patients), high-grade dysplasia (HGD, 7 patients), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC, 20 patients) and disease-free control (NC, 17 individuals). 28367546 2 50 dep dysplasia 542:550 arg1 HGD 553:555 HGD 553:555 HGD 553:555 MALDI-IMS-MS data were collected in duplicate for 58 serum samples obtained from individuals diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus (BE, 14 patients), high-grade dysplasia (HGD, 7 patients), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC, 20 patients) and disease-free control (NC, 17 individuals). 28367546 2 50 dep dysplasia 542:550 arg1 patients 560:567 7 patients 558:567 7 patients 558:567 MALDI-IMS-MS data were collected in duplicate for 58 serum samples obtained from individuals diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus (BE, 14 patients), high-grade dysplasia (HGD, 7 patients), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC, 20 patients) and disease-free control (NC, 17 individuals). 28367546 1 51 theme mass 328:331 arg1 MS 347:348 MS 347:348 MS 347:348 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 1 51 theme mass 328:331 arg1 spectrometry 333:344 mass spectrometry 328:344 mass spectrometry (MS) 328:349 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 0 52 link N-linked 110:117 arg1 glycans 119:125 serum N-linked glycans 104:125 serum N-linked glycans 104:125 Delineation of disease phenotypes associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma by MALDI-IMS-MS analysis of serum N-linked glycans. 28367546 1 53 theme patient 161:167 arg1 sera 169:172 patient sera 161:172 patient sera 161:172 N-Linked glycans, extracted from patient sera and healthy control individuals, are analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), mass spectrometry (MS) and pattern recognition methods. 28367546 2 54 dep patients 520:527 arg1 BE 513:514 BE 513:514 BE 513:514 MALDI-IMS-MS data were collected in duplicate for 58 serum samples obtained from individuals diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus (BE, 14 patients), high-grade dysplasia (HGD, 7 patients), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC, 20 patients) and disease-free control (NC, 17 individuals). 28584074 2 0 with association 355:365 arg1 adherence 484:492 adherence 484:492 adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med-diet) 484:527 We analyzed (1) the association between LPS and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) and (2) its relationship with adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med-diet). 28584074 9 1 theme low-density 1324:1334 arg1 cholesterol 1348:1358 low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 1324:1358 low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β 0.069, P=0.049) 1324:1377 In the whole cohort, AF (versus sinus rhythm) (β 0.087, P=0.014) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β 0.069, P=0.049) were associated with circulating LPS. 28584074 9 1 theme low-density 1324:1334 arg1 β 1361:1361 β 0.069 1361:1367 β 0.069 1361:1367 In the whole cohort, AF (versus sinus rhythm) (β 0.087, P=0.014) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β 0.069, P=0.049) were associated with circulating LPS. 28584074 3 2 theme vitamin 632:638 arg1 antagonists 642:652 vitamin K antagonists 632:652 vitamin K antagonists (3716 patient-years) 632:673 METHODS AND RESULTS This was a prospective single-center study including 912 AF patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (3716 patient-years). 28584074 3 2 theme vitamin 632:638 arg1 patient-years 660:672 3716 patient-years 655:672 3716 patient-years 655:672 METHODS AND RESULTS This was a prospective single-center study including 912 AF patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (3716 patient-years). 28584074 5 3 dep B2 822:823 arg1 TxB2 826:829 TxB2 826:829 TxB2 826:829 Baseline serum LPS, adherence to Med-diet (n=704), and urinary excretion of 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (TxB2, n=852) were investigated. 28584074 14 4 theme MACE 1955:1958 arg1 incidence 1960:1968 MACE incidence 1955:1968 MACE incidence in AF 1955:1974 LPS may contribute to MACE incidence in AF by increasing platelet activation. 28584074 1 5 theme predictive 267:276 arg1 role 278:281 the predictive role 263:281 the predictive role of gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 263:321 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota is emerging as a novel risk factor for atherothrombosis, but the predictive role of gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is unknown. 28584074 1 5 theme predictive 267:276 arg1 unknown 326:332 unknown 326:332 unknown 326:332 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota is emerging as a novel risk factor for atherothrombosis, but the predictive role of gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is unknown. 28584074 0 6 theme Gut-Derived 0:10 arg1 Lipopolysaccharide 18:35 Gut-Derived Serum Lipopolysaccharide 0:35 Gut-Derived Serum Lipopolysaccharide 0:35 Gut-Derived Serum Lipopolysaccharide is Associated With Enhanced Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation: Effect of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet. 28584074 1 7 theme Gut 187:189 arg1 microbiota 191:200 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota 176:200 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota 176:200 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota is emerging as a novel risk factor for atherothrombosis, but the predictive role of gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is unknown. 28584074 2 8 theme Mediterranean 499:511 arg1 Med-diet 519:526 Med-diet 519:526 Med-diet 519:526 We analyzed (1) the association between LPS and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) and (2) its relationship with adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med-diet). 28584074 2 8 theme Mediterranean 499:511 arg1 diet 513:516 a Mediterranean diet 497:516 a Mediterranean diet (Med-diet) 497:527 We analyzed (1) the association between LPS and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) and (2) its relationship with adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med-diet). 28584074 8 9 theme hazard 1057:1062 arg1 Log-LPS 1048:1054 Log-LPS 1048:1054 Log-LPS (hazard ratio 1.194, P=0.009) 1048:1084 Log-LPS (hazard ratio 1.194, P=0.009), age (hazard ratio 1.083, P<0.001), and previous cerebrovascular (hazard ratio 1.634, P=0.004) and cardiac events (hazard ratio 1.822, P<0.001) were predictors of MACE. 28584074 8 9 theme hazard 1057:1062 arg1 ratio 1064:1068 hazard ratio 1.194 1057:1074 hazard ratio 1.194 1057:1074 Log-LPS (hazard ratio 1.194, P=0.009), age (hazard ratio 1.083, P<0.001), and previous cerebrovascular (hazard ratio 1.634, P=0.004) and cardiac events (hazard ratio 1.822, P<0.001) were predictors of MACE. 28584074 10 10 theme log-LPS 1583:1589 arg1 levels 1591:1596 log-LPS levels 1583:1596 log-LPS levels 1583:1596 Furthermore, Med-diet score (β -0.137, P<0.001) was predictive of log-LPS, with fruits (β -0.083, P=0.030) and legumes (β -0.120, P=0.002) negatively associated with log-LPS levels. 28584074 10 11 with predictive 1469:1478 arg1 legumes 1528:1534 legumes 1528:1534 legumes (β -0.120, P=0.002) 1528:1554 Furthermore, Med-diet score (β -0.137, P<0.001) was predictive of log-LPS, with fruits (β -0.083, P=0.030) and legumes (β -0.120, P=0.002) negatively associated with log-LPS levels. 28584074 10 11 with predictive 1469:1478 arg1 β 1505:1505 β -0.083, P=0.030 1505:1521 β 1505:1505 Furthermore, Med-diet score (β -0.137, P<0.001) was predictive of log-LPS, with fruits (β -0.083, P=0.030) and legumes (β -0.120, P=0.002) negatively associated with log-LPS levels. 28584074 10 11 with predictive 1469:1478 arg1 fruits 1497:1502 fruits 1497:1502 fruits (β -0.083, P=0.030) 1497:1522 Furthermore, Med-diet score (β -0.137, P<0.001) was predictive of log-LPS, with fruits (β -0.083, P=0.030) and legumes (β -0.120, P=0.002) negatively associated with log-LPS levels. 28584074 8 12 theme cardiac 1185:1191 arg1 events 1193:1198 cardiac events 1185:1198 cardiac events 1185:1198 Log-LPS (hazard ratio 1.194, P=0.009), age (hazard ratio 1.083, P<0.001), and previous cerebrovascular (hazard ratio 1.634, P=0.004) and cardiac events (hazard ratio 1.822, P<0.001) were predictors of MACE. 28584074 12 13 theme β 1710:1710 arg1 P<0.001 1720:1726 P<0.001 1720:1726 P<0.001 1720:1726 Log-LPS (β 0.574, P<0.001) and Med-diet score (β -0.218, P<0.001) were significantly associated with baseline urinary excretion of TxB2. 28584074 12 13 theme β 1710:1710 arg1 -0.218 1712:1717 β -0.218 1710:1717 β -0.218 1710:1717 Log-LPS (β 0.574, P<0.001) and Med-diet score (β -0.218, P<0.001) were significantly associated with baseline urinary excretion of TxB2. 28584074 1 14 theme novel 219:223 arg1 factor 230:235 a novel risk factor 217:235 a novel risk factor for atherothrombosis 217:256 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota is emerging as a novel risk factor for atherothrombosis, but the predictive role of gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is unknown. 28584074 9 15 theme circulating 1400:1410 arg1 LPS 1412:1414 circulating LPS 1400:1414 circulating LPS 1400:1414 In the whole cohort, AF (versus sinus rhythm) (β 0.087, P=0.014) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β 0.069, P=0.049) were associated with circulating LPS. 28584074 11 16 dep correlated 1632:1641 arg1 P<0.001 1653:1659 P<0.001 1653:1659 P<0.001 1653:1659 Log-LPS and log-TxB2 were highly correlated (r=0.598, P<0.001). 28584074 11 16 dep correlated 1632:1641 arg1 r=0.598 1644:1650 r=0.598 1644:1650 r=0.598 1644:1650 Log-LPS and log-TxB2 were highly correlated (r=0.598, P<0.001). 28584074 12 17 theme β 1672:1672 arg1 P<0.001 1681:1687 P<0.001 1681:1687 P<0.001 1681:1687 Log-LPS (β 0.574, P<0.001) and Med-diet score (β -0.218, P<0.001) were significantly associated with baseline urinary excretion of TxB2. 28584074 12 17 theme β 1672:1672 arg1 0.574 1674:1678 β 0.574 1672:1678 β 0.574 1672:1678 Log-LPS (β 0.574, P<0.001) and Med-diet score (β -0.218, P<0.001) were significantly associated with baseline urinary excretion of TxB2. 28584074 12 18 theme urinary 1773:1779 arg1 excretion 1781:1789 baseline urinary excretion 1764:1789 baseline urinary excretion of TxB2 1764:1797 Log-LPS (β 0.574, P<0.001) and Med-diet score (β -0.218, P<0.001) were significantly associated with baseline urinary excretion of TxB2. 28584074 7 19 theme MACE 916:919 arg1 total 903:907 A total 901:907 A total of 187 MACE (5.0% per year) 901:935 A total of 187 MACE (5.0% per year) occurred: 54, 59, and 74 in the first, second, and third tertile of LPS, respectively (log-rank test P=0.004). 28584074 3 20 theme prospective 561:571 arg1 study 587:591 a prospective single-center study 559:591 a prospective single-center study including 912 AF patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (3716 patient-years) 559:673 METHODS AND RESULTS This was a prospective single-center study including 912 AF patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (3716 patient-years). 28584074 3 20 theme prospective 561:571 arg1 This 550:553 This 550:553 This 550:553 METHODS AND RESULTS This was a prospective single-center study including 912 AF patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (3716 patient-years). 28584074 13 21 theme MACE 1873:1876 arg1 predictive 1859:1868 predictive 1859:1868 predictive 1859:1868 CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of AF patients, LPS levels were predictive of MACE and negatively affected by high adherence to Med-diet. 28584074 0 22 from Events 102:107 arg1 Fibrillation 119:130 Atrial Fibrillation 112:130 Atrial Fibrillation 112:130 Gut-Derived Serum Lipopolysaccharide is Associated With Enhanced Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation: Effect of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet. 28584074 10 23 theme log-LPS 1483:1489 arg1 predictive 1469:1478 predictive 1469:1478 predictive 1469:1478 Furthermore, Med-diet score (β -0.137, P<0.001) was predictive of log-LPS, with fruits (β -0.083, P=0.030) and legumes (β -0.120, P=0.002) negatively associated with log-LPS levels. 28584074 8 24 dep ratio 1159:1163 arg1 P=0.004 1172:1178 P=0.004 1172:1178 P=0.004 1172:1178 Log-LPS (hazard ratio 1.194, P=0.009), age (hazard ratio 1.083, P<0.001), and previous cerebrovascular (hazard ratio 1.634, P=0.004) and cardiac events (hazard ratio 1.822, P<0.001) were predictors of MACE. 28584074 7 25 dep MACE 916:919 arg1 % 925:925 5.0% 922:925 5.0% 922:925 A total of 187 MACE (5.0% per year) occurred: 54, 59, and 74 in the first, second, and third tertile of LPS, respectively (log-rank test P=0.004). 28584074 13 26 from CONCLUSIONS 1800:1810 arg1 cohort 1820:1825 this cohort 1815:1825 this cohort of AF patients 1815:1840 CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of AF patients, LPS levels were predictive of MACE and negatively affected by high adherence to Med-diet. 28584074 0 27 theme Adverse 79:85 arg1 Events 102:107 Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events 73:107 Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation 73:130 Gut-Derived Serum Lipopolysaccharide is Associated With Enhanced Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation: Effect of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet. 28584074 4 28 theme end 688:690 arg1 MACE 717:720 MACE 717:720 MACE 717:720 The primary end point was a composite of MACE. 28584074 4 28 theme end 688:690 arg1 point 692:696 The primary end point 676:696 The primary end point 676:696 The primary end point was a composite of MACE. 28584074 4 28 theme end 688:690 arg1 composite 704:712 a composite 702:712 a composite of MACE 702:720 The primary end point was a composite of MACE. 28584074 0 29 theme Events 102:107 arg1 Risk 65:68 Enhanced Risk 56:68 Enhanced Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation: Effect of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet 56:173 Gut-Derived Serum Lipopolysaccharide is Associated With Enhanced Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation: Effect of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet. 28584074 8 30 dep ratio 1064:1068 arg1 P=0.009 1077:1083 P=0.009 1077:1083 P=0.009 1077:1083 Log-LPS (hazard ratio 1.194, P=0.009), age (hazard ratio 1.083, P<0.001), and previous cerebrovascular (hazard ratio 1.634, P=0.004) and cardiac events (hazard ratio 1.822, P<0.001) were predictors of MACE. 28584074 8 31 theme MACE 1249:1252 arg1 predictors 1235:1244 predictors 1235:1244 predictors of MACE 1235:1252 Log-LPS (hazard ratio 1.194, P=0.009), age (hazard ratio 1.083, P<0.001), and previous cerebrovascular (hazard ratio 1.634, P=0.004) and cardiac events (hazard ratio 1.822, P<0.001) were predictors of MACE. 28584074 0 32 theme Atrial 112:117 arg1 Fibrillation 119:130 Atrial Fibrillation 112:130 Atrial Fibrillation 112:130 Gut-Derived Serum Lipopolysaccharide is Associated With Enhanced Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation: Effect of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet. 28584074 12 33 dep Log-LPS 1663:1669 arg1 P<0.001 1681:1687 P<0.001 1681:1687 P<0.001 1681:1687 Log-LPS (β 0.574, P<0.001) and Med-diet score (β -0.218, P<0.001) were significantly associated with baseline urinary excretion of TxB2. 28584074 12 33 dep Log-LPS 1663:1669 arg1 0.574 1674:1678 β 0.574 1672:1678 β 0.574 1672:1678 Log-LPS (β 0.574, P<0.001) and Med-diet score (β -0.218, P<0.001) were significantly associated with baseline urinary excretion of TxB2. 28584074 1 34 theme lipopolysaccharide 298:315 arg1 role 278:281 the predictive role 263:281 the predictive role of gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 263:321 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota is emerging as a novel risk factor for atherothrombosis, but the predictive role of gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is unknown. 28584074 1 34 theme lipopolysaccharide 298:315 arg1 unknown 326:332 unknown 326:332 unknown 326:332 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota is emerging as a novel risk factor for atherothrombosis, but the predictive role of gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is unknown. 28584074 0 35 theme Major 73:77 arg1 Events 102:107 Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events 73:107 Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation 73:130 Gut-Derived Serum Lipopolysaccharide is Associated With Enhanced Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation: Effect of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet. 28584074 4 36 theme primary 680:686 arg1 MACE 717:720 MACE 717:720 MACE 717:720 The primary end point was a composite of MACE. 28584074 4 36 theme primary 680:686 arg1 point 692:696 The primary end point 676:696 The primary end point 676:696 The primary end point was a composite of MACE. 28584074 4 36 theme primary 680:686 arg1 composite 704:712 a composite 702:712 a composite of MACE 702:720 The primary end point was a composite of MACE. 28584074 7 37 theme third 988:992 arg1 tertile 994:1000 the first, second, and third tertile 965:1000 the first, second, and third tertile of LPS 965:1007 A total of 187 MACE (5.0% per year) occurred: 54, 59, and 74 in the first, second, and third tertile of LPS, respectively (log-rank test P=0.004). 28584074 13 38 theme AF 1830:1831 arg1 patients 1833:1840 AF patients 1830:1840 AF patients 1830:1840 CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of AF patients, LPS levels were predictive of MACE and negatively affected by high adherence to Med-diet. 28584074 0 39 dep Risk 65:68 arg1 Effect 133:138 Effect 133:138 Enhanced Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation: Effect of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet 56:173 Gut-Derived Serum Lipopolysaccharide is Associated With Enhanced Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation: Effect of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet. 28584074 1 40 theme gut-derived 286:296 arg1 LPS 318:320 LPS 318:320 LPS 318:320 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota is emerging as a novel risk factor for atherothrombosis, but the predictive role of gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is unknown. 28584074 1 40 theme gut-derived 286:296 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 298:315 gut-derived lipopolysaccharide 286:315 gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 286:321 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota is emerging as a novel risk factor for atherothrombosis, but the predictive role of gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is unknown. 28584074 3 41 theme 912 603:605 arg1 patients 610:617 912 AF patients 603:617 912 AF patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (3716 patient-years) 603:673 METHODS AND RESULTS This was a prospective single-center study including 912 AF patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (3716 patient-years). 28584074 8 42 theme hazard 1152:1157 arg1 ratio 1159:1163 hazard ratio 1.634 1152:1169 hazard ratio 1.634 1152:1169 Log-LPS (hazard ratio 1.194, P=0.009), age (hazard ratio 1.083, P<0.001), and previous cerebrovascular (hazard ratio 1.634, P=0.004) and cardiac events (hazard ratio 1.822, P<0.001) were predictors of MACE. 28584074 8 42 theme hazard 1152:1157 arg1 cerebrovascular 1135:1149 previous cerebrovascular 1126:1149 previous cerebrovascular (hazard ratio 1.634, P=0.004) 1126:1179 Log-LPS (hazard ratio 1.194, P=0.009), age (hazard ratio 1.083, P<0.001), and previous cerebrovascular (hazard ratio 1.634, P=0.004) and cardiac events (hazard ratio 1.822, P<0.001) were predictors of MACE. 28584074 2 43 theme adverse 389:395 arg1 MACE 420:423 MACE 420:423 MACE 420:423 We analyzed (1) the association between LPS and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) and (2) its relationship with adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med-diet). 28584074 2 43 theme adverse 389:395 arg1 events 412:417 major adverse cardiovascular events 383:417 major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) 383:452 We analyzed (1) the association between LPS and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) and (2) its relationship with adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med-diet). 28584074 13 44 theme high 1905:1908 arg1 adherence 1910:1918 high adherence 1905:1918 high adherence to Med-diet 1905:1930 CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of AF patients, LPS levels were predictive of MACE and negatively affected by high adherence to Med-diet. 28584074 2 45 dep relationship 466:477 arg1 2 459:459 2 459:459 2 459:459 We analyzed (1) the association between LPS and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) and (2) its relationship with adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med-diet). 28584074 5 46 theme serum 732:736 arg1 LPS 738:740 Baseline serum LPS 723:740 Baseline serum LPS 723:740 Baseline serum LPS, adherence to Med-diet (n=704), and urinary excretion of 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (TxB2, n=852) were investigated. 28584074 7 47 from 74 959:960 arg1 tertile 994:1000 the first, second, and third tertile 965:1000 the first, second, and third tertile of LPS 965:1007 A total of 187 MACE (5.0% per year) occurred: 54, 59, and 74 in the first, second, and third tertile of LPS, respectively (log-rank test P=0.004). 28584074 1 48 theme risk 225:228 arg1 factor 230:235 a novel risk factor 217:235 a novel risk factor for atherothrombosis 217:256 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota is emerging as a novel risk factor for atherothrombosis, but the predictive role of gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is unknown. 28584074 5 49 theme 11-dehydro-thromboxane 799:820 arg1 B2 822:823 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 799:823 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (TxB2, n=852) 799:837 Baseline serum LPS, adherence to Med-diet (n=704), and urinary excretion of 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (TxB2, n=852) were investigated. 28584074 3 50 dep METHODS 530:536 arg1 study 587:591 a prospective single-center study 559:591 a prospective single-center study including 912 AF patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (3716 patient-years) 559:673 METHODS AND RESULTS This was a prospective single-center study including 912 AF patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (3716 patient-years). 28584074 3 50 dep METHODS 530:536 arg1 This 550:553 This 550:553 This 550:553 METHODS AND RESULTS This was a prospective single-center study including 912 AF patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (3716 patient-years). 28584074 9 51 dep β 1361:1361 arg1 P=0.049 1370:1376 P=0.049 1370:1376 P=0.049 1370:1376 In the whole cohort, AF (versus sinus rhythm) (β 0.087, P=0.014) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β 0.069, P=0.049) were associated with circulating LPS. 28584074 2 52 from events 412:417 arg1 fibrillation 436:447 atrial fibrillation 429:447 atrial fibrillation (AF) 429:452 We analyzed (1) the association between LPS and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) and (2) its relationship with adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med-diet). 28584074 2 52 from events 412:417 arg1 AF 450:451 AF 450:451 AF 450:451 We analyzed (1) the association between LPS and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) and (2) its relationship with adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med-diet). 28584074 9 53 theme lipoprotein 1336:1346 arg1 cholesterol 1348:1358 low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 1324:1358 low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β 0.069, P=0.049) 1324:1377 In the whole cohort, AF (versus sinus rhythm) (β 0.087, P=0.014) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β 0.069, P=0.049) were associated with circulating LPS. 28584074 9 53 theme lipoprotein 1336:1346 arg1 β 1361:1361 β 0.069 1361:1367 β 0.069 1361:1367 In the whole cohort, AF (versus sinus rhythm) (β 0.087, P=0.014) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β 0.069, P=0.049) were associated with circulating LPS. 28584074 3 54 theme K 640:640 arg1 antagonists 642:652 vitamin K antagonists 632:652 vitamin K antagonists (3716 patient-years) 632:673 METHODS AND RESULTS This was a prospective single-center study including 912 AF patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (3716 patient-years). 28584074 3 54 theme K 640:640 arg1 patient-years 660:672 3716 patient-years 655:672 3716 patient-years 655:672 METHODS AND RESULTS This was a prospective single-center study including 912 AF patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (3716 patient-years). 28584074 13 55 theme LPS 1843:1845 arg1 levels 1847:1852 LPS levels 1843:1852 LPS levels 1843:1852 CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of AF patients, LPS levels were predictive of MACE and negatively affected by high adherence to Med-diet. 28584074 10 56 theme Med-diet 1430:1437 arg1 score 1439:1443 Med-diet score 1430:1443 Med-diet score (β -0.137, P<0.001) 1430:1463 Furthermore, Med-diet score (β -0.137, P<0.001) was predictive of log-LPS, with fruits (β -0.083, P=0.030) and legumes (β -0.120, P=0.002) negatively associated with log-LPS levels. 28584074 1 57 theme BACKGROUND 176:185 arg1 microbiota 191:200 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota 176:200 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota 176:200 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota is emerging as a novel risk factor for atherothrombosis, but the predictive role of gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is unknown. 28584074 0 58 theme Enhanced 56:63 arg1 Risk 65:68 Enhanced Risk 56:68 Enhanced Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation: Effect of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet 56:173 Gut-Derived Serum Lipopolysaccharide is Associated With Enhanced Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation: Effect of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet. 28584074 14 59 from incidence 1960:1968 arg1 AF 1973:1974 AF 1973:1974 AF 1973:1974 LPS may contribute to MACE incidence in AF by increasing platelet activation. 28584074 5 60 theme urinary 778:784 arg1 excretion 786:794 urinary excretion 778:794 urinary excretion of 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (TxB2, n=852) 778:837 Baseline serum LPS, adherence to Med-diet (n=704), and urinary excretion of 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (TxB2, n=852) were investigated. 28584074 10 61 dep score 1439:1443 arg1 β 1446:1446 β -0.137 1446:1453 β -0.137 1446:1453 Furthermore, Med-diet score (β -0.137, P<0.001) was predictive of log-LPS, with fruits (β -0.083, P=0.030) and legumes (β -0.120, P=0.002) negatively associated with log-LPS levels. 28584074 10 61 dep score 1439:1443 arg1 P<0.001 1456:1462 P<0.001 1456:1462 P<0.001 1456:1462 Furthermore, Med-diet score (β -0.137, P<0.001) was predictive of log-LPS, with fruits (β -0.083, P=0.030) and legumes (β -0.120, P=0.002) negatively associated with log-LPS levels. 28584074 12 62 theme Med-diet 1694:1701 arg1 score 1703:1707 Med-diet score 1694:1707 Med-diet score (β -0.218, P<0.001) 1694:1727 Log-LPS (β 0.574, P<0.001) and Med-diet score (β -0.218, P<0.001) were significantly associated with baseline urinary excretion of TxB2. 28584074 7 63 dep occurred 937:944 arg1 54 947:948 54 947:948 54 947:948 A total of 187 MACE (5.0% per year) occurred: 54, 59, and 74 in the first, second, and third tertile of LPS, respectively (log-rank test P=0.004). 28584074 7 63 dep occurred 937:944 arg1 test 1033:1036 log-rank test P=0.004 1024:1044 log-rank test P=0.004 1024:1044 A total of 187 MACE (5.0% per year) occurred: 54, 59, and 74 in the first, second, and third tertile of LPS, respectively (log-rank test P=0.004). 28584074 7 63 dep occurred 937:944 arg1 59 951:952 59 951:952 59 951:952 A total of 187 MACE (5.0% per year) occurred: 54, 59, and 74 in the first, second, and third tertile of LPS, respectively (log-rank test P=0.004). 28584074 7 63 dep occurred 937:944 arg1 74 959:960 74 959:960 74 959:960 A total of 187 MACE (5.0% per year) occurred: 54, 59, and 74 in the first, second, and third tertile of LPS, respectively (log-rank test P=0.004). 28584074 0 64 theme Adherence 143:151 arg1 Effect 133:138 Effect 133:138 Enhanced Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation: Effect of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet 56:173 Gut-Derived Serum Lipopolysaccharide is Associated With Enhanced Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation: Effect of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet. 28584074 6 65 theme Mean 858:861 arg1 age 863:865 Mean age 858:865 Mean age 858:865 Mean age was 73.5 years; 42.9% were women. 28584074 8 66 theme hazard 1201:1206 arg1 ratio 1208:1212 hazard ratio 1.822 1201:1218 hazard ratio 1.822 1201:1218 Log-LPS (hazard ratio 1.194, P=0.009), age (hazard ratio 1.083, P<0.001), and previous cerebrovascular (hazard ratio 1.634, P=0.004) and cardiac events (hazard ratio 1.822, P<0.001) were predictors of MACE. 28584074 8 66 theme hazard 1201:1206 arg1 cerebrovascular 1135:1149 previous cerebrovascular 1126:1149 previous cerebrovascular (hazard ratio 1.634, P=0.004) 1126:1179 Log-LPS (hazard ratio 1.194, P=0.009), age (hazard ratio 1.083, P<0.001), and previous cerebrovascular (hazard ratio 1.634, P=0.004) and cardiac events (hazard ratio 1.822, P<0.001) were predictors of MACE. 28584074 0 67 theme Mediterranean 156:168 arg1 Diet 170:173 Mediterranean Diet 156:173 Mediterranean Diet 156:173 Gut-Derived Serum Lipopolysaccharide is Associated With Enhanced Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation: Effect of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet. 28584074 0 68 from Fibrillation 119:130 arg1 Risk 65:68 Enhanced Risk 56:68 Enhanced Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation: Effect of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet 56:173 Gut-Derived Serum Lipopolysaccharide is Associated With Enhanced Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation: Effect of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet. 28584074 9 69 dep AF 1276:1277 arg1 β 1302:1302 β 1302:1302 β 1302:1302 In the whole cohort, AF (versus sinus rhythm) (β 0.087, P=0.014) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β 0.069, P=0.049) were associated with circulating LPS. 28584074 9 69 dep AF 1276:1277 arg1 P=0.014 1311:1317 P=0.014 1311:1317 P=0.014 1311:1317 In the whole cohort, AF (versus sinus rhythm) (β 0.087, P=0.014) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β 0.069, P=0.049) were associated with circulating LPS. 28584074 5 70 theme n=852 832:836 arg1 TxB2 826:829 TxB2 826:829 TxB2 826:829 Baseline serum LPS, adherence to Med-diet (n=704), and urinary excretion of 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (TxB2, n=852) were investigated. 28584074 7 71 theme log-rank 1024:1031 arg1 54 947:948 54 947:948 54 947:948 A total of 187 MACE (5.0% per year) occurred: 54, 59, and 74 in the first, second, and third tertile of LPS, respectively (log-rank test P=0.004). 28584074 7 71 theme log-rank 1024:1031 arg1 test 1033:1036 log-rank test P=0.004 1024:1044 log-rank test P=0.004 1024:1044 A total of 187 MACE (5.0% per year) occurred: 54, 59, and 74 in the first, second, and third tertile of LPS, respectively (log-rank test P=0.004). 28584074 13 72 theme patients 1833:1840 arg1 cohort 1820:1825 this cohort 1815:1825 this cohort of AF patients 1815:1840 CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of AF patients, LPS levels were predictive of MACE and negatively affected by high adherence to Med-diet. 28584074 0 73 theme Cardiovascular 87:100 arg1 Events 102:107 Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events 73:107 Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation 73:130 Gut-Derived Serum Lipopolysaccharide is Associated With Enhanced Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation: Effect of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet. 28584074 5 74 theme B2 822:823 arg1 adherence 743:751 adherence 743:751 adherence to Med-diet (n=704) 743:771 Baseline serum LPS, adherence to Med-diet (n=704), and urinary excretion of 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (TxB2, n=852) were investigated. 28584074 5 74 theme B2 822:823 arg1 LPS 738:740 Baseline serum LPS 723:740 Baseline serum LPS 723:740 Baseline serum LPS, adherence to Med-diet (n=704), and urinary excretion of 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (TxB2, n=852) were investigated. 28584074 5 74 theme B2 822:823 arg1 excretion 786:794 urinary excretion 778:794 urinary excretion of 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (TxB2, n=852) 778:837 Baseline serum LPS, adherence to Med-diet (n=704), and urinary excretion of 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (TxB2, n=852) were investigated. 28584074 8 75 theme hazard 1092:1097 arg1 age 1087:1089 age 1087:1089 age (hazard ratio 1.083, P<0.001) 1087:1119 Log-LPS (hazard ratio 1.194, P=0.009), age (hazard ratio 1.083, P<0.001), and previous cerebrovascular (hazard ratio 1.634, P=0.004) and cardiac events (hazard ratio 1.822, P<0.001) were predictors of MACE. 28584074 8 75 theme hazard 1092:1097 arg1 ratio 1099:1103 hazard ratio 1.083 1092:1109 hazard ratio 1.083 1092:1109 Log-LPS (hazard ratio 1.194, P=0.009), age (hazard ratio 1.083, P<0.001), and previous cerebrovascular (hazard ratio 1.634, P=0.004) and cardiac events (hazard ratio 1.822, P<0.001) were predictors of MACE. 28584074 7 76 theme LPS 1005:1007 arg1 tertile 994:1000 the first, second, and third tertile 965:1000 the first, second, and third tertile of LPS 965:1007 A total of 187 MACE (5.0% per year) occurred: 54, 59, and 74 in the first, second, and third tertile of LPS, respectively (log-rank test P=0.004). 28584074 2 77 dep association 355:365 arg1 1 348:348 1 348:348 1 348:348 We analyzed (1) the association between LPS and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) and (2) its relationship with adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med-diet). 28584074 9 78 theme whole 1262:1266 arg1 cohort 1268:1273 the whole cohort 1258:1273 the whole cohort 1258:1273 In the whole cohort, AF (versus sinus rhythm) (β 0.087, P=0.014) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β 0.069, P=0.049) were associated with circulating LPS. 28584074 14 79 theme platelet 1990:1997 arg1 activation 1999:2008 platelet activation 1990:2008 platelet activation 1990:2008 LPS may contribute to MACE incidence in AF by increasing platelet activation. 28584074 0 80 from Risk 65:68 arg1 Fibrillation 119:130 Atrial Fibrillation 112:130 Atrial Fibrillation 112:130 Gut-Derived Serum Lipopolysaccharide is Associated With Enhanced Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation: Effect of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet. 28584074 0 81 theme Serum 12:16 arg1 Lipopolysaccharide 18:35 Gut-Derived Serum Lipopolysaccharide 0:35 Gut-Derived Serum Lipopolysaccharide 0:35 Gut-Derived Serum Lipopolysaccharide is Associated With Enhanced Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atrial Fibrillation: Effect of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet. 28584074 12 82 theme TxB2 1794:1797 arg1 excretion 1781:1789 baseline urinary excretion 1764:1789 baseline urinary excretion of TxB2 1764:1797 Log-LPS (β 0.574, P<0.001) and Med-diet score (β -0.218, P<0.001) were significantly associated with baseline urinary excretion of TxB2. 28584074 7 83 theme second 976:981 arg1 tertile 994:1000 the first, second, and third tertile 965:1000 the first, second, and third tertile of LPS 965:1007 A total of 187 MACE (5.0% per year) occurred: 54, 59, and 74 in the first, second, and third tertile of LPS, respectively (log-rank test P=0.004). 28584074 2 84 with relationship 466:477 arg1 adherence 484:492 adherence 484:492 adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med-diet) 484:527 We analyzed (1) the association between LPS and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) and (2) its relationship with adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med-diet). 28584074 9 85 theme sinus 1287:1291 arg1 rhythm 1293:1298 sinus rhythm 1287:1298 sinus rhythm 1287:1298 In the whole cohort, AF (versus sinus rhythm) (β 0.087, P=0.014) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β 0.069, P=0.049) were associated with circulating LPS. 28584074 8 86 theme previous 1126:1133 arg1 ratio 1159:1163 hazard ratio 1.634 1152:1169 hazard ratio 1.634 1152:1169 Log-LPS (hazard ratio 1.194, P=0.009), age (hazard ratio 1.083, P<0.001), and previous cerebrovascular (hazard ratio 1.634, P=0.004) and cardiac events (hazard ratio 1.822, P<0.001) were predictors of MACE. 28584074 8 86 theme previous 1126:1133 arg1 ratio 1208:1212 hazard ratio 1.822 1201:1218 hazard ratio 1.822 1201:1218 Log-LPS (hazard ratio 1.194, P=0.009), age (hazard ratio 1.083, P<0.001), and previous cerebrovascular (hazard ratio 1.634, P=0.004) and cardiac events (hazard ratio 1.822, P<0.001) were predictors of MACE. 28584074 8 86 theme previous 1126:1133 arg1 cerebrovascular 1135:1149 previous cerebrovascular 1126:1149 previous cerebrovascular (hazard ratio 1.634, P=0.004) 1126:1179 Log-LPS (hazard ratio 1.194, P=0.009), age (hazard ratio 1.083, P<0.001), and previous cerebrovascular (hazard ratio 1.634, P=0.004) and cardiac events (hazard ratio 1.822, P<0.001) were predictors of MACE. 28584074 2 87 theme cardiovascular 397:410 arg1 MACE 420:423 MACE 420:423 MACE 420:423 We analyzed (1) the association between LPS and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) and (2) its relationship with adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med-diet). 28584074 2 87 theme cardiovascular 397:410 arg1 events 412:417 major adverse cardiovascular events 383:417 major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) 383:452 We analyzed (1) the association between LPS and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) and (2) its relationship with adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med-diet). 28584074 7 88 theme first 969:973 arg1 tertile 994:1000 the first, second, and third tertile 965:1000 the first, second, and third tertile of LPS 965:1007 A total of 187 MACE (5.0% per year) occurred: 54, 59, and 74 in the first, second, and third tertile of LPS, respectively (log-rank test P=0.004). 28584074 8 89 dep ratio 1208:1212 arg1 P<0.001 1221:1227 P<0.001 1221:1227 P<0.001 1221:1227 Log-LPS (hazard ratio 1.194, P=0.009), age (hazard ratio 1.083, P<0.001), and previous cerebrovascular (hazard ratio 1.634, P=0.004) and cardiac events (hazard ratio 1.822, P<0.001) were predictors of MACE. 28584074 8 90 dep ratio 1099:1103 arg1 P<0.001 1112:1118 P<0.001 1112:1118 P<0.001 1112:1118 Log-LPS (hazard ratio 1.194, P=0.009), age (hazard ratio 1.083, P<0.001), and previous cerebrovascular (hazard ratio 1.634, P=0.004) and cardiac events (hazard ratio 1.822, P<0.001) were predictors of MACE. 28584074 3 91 theme single-center 573:585 arg1 study 587:591 a prospective single-center study 559:591 a prospective single-center study including 912 AF patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (3716 patient-years) 559:673 METHODS AND RESULTS This was a prospective single-center study including 912 AF patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (3716 patient-years). 28584074 3 91 theme single-center 573:585 arg1 This 550:553 This 550:553 This 550:553 METHODS AND RESULTS This was a prospective single-center study including 912 AF patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (3716 patient-years). 28584074 12 92 theme baseline 1764:1771 arg1 excretion 1781:1789 baseline urinary excretion 1764:1789 baseline urinary excretion of TxB2 1764:1797 Log-LPS (β 0.574, P<0.001) and Med-diet score (β -0.218, P<0.001) were significantly associated with baseline urinary excretion of TxB2. 28584074 2 93 theme major 383:387 arg1 MACE 420:423 MACE 420:423 MACE 420:423 We analyzed (1) the association between LPS and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) and (2) its relationship with adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med-diet). 28584074 2 93 theme major 383:387 arg1 events 412:417 major adverse cardiovascular events 383:417 major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) 383:452 We analyzed (1) the association between LPS and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) and (2) its relationship with adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med-diet). 28584074 5 94 theme Baseline 723:730 arg1 LPS 738:740 Baseline serum LPS 723:740 Baseline serum LPS 723:740 Baseline serum LPS, adherence to Med-diet (n=704), and urinary excretion of 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (TxB2, n=852) were investigated. 28584074 12 95 dep score 1703:1707 arg1 P<0.001 1720:1726 P<0.001 1720:1726 P<0.001 1720:1726 Log-LPS (β 0.574, P<0.001) and Med-diet score (β -0.218, P<0.001) were significantly associated with baseline urinary excretion of TxB2. 28584074 12 95 dep score 1703:1707 arg1 -0.218 1712:1717 β -0.218 1710:1717 β -0.218 1710:1717 Log-LPS (β 0.574, P<0.001) and Med-diet score (β -0.218, P<0.001) were significantly associated with baseline urinary excretion of TxB2. 28584074 2 96 theme atrial 429:434 arg1 fibrillation 436:447 atrial fibrillation 429:447 atrial fibrillation (AF) 429:452 We analyzed (1) the association between LPS and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) and (2) its relationship with adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med-diet). 28584074 2 96 theme atrial 429:434 arg1 AF 450:451 AF 450:451 AF 450:451 We analyzed (1) the association between LPS and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) and (2) its relationship with adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med-diet). 28584074 2 97 from LPS 375:377 arg1 fibrillation 436:447 atrial fibrillation 429:447 atrial fibrillation (AF) 429:452 We analyzed (1) the association between LPS and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) and (2) its relationship with adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med-diet). 28584074 2 97 from LPS 375:377 arg1 AF 450:451 AF 450:451 AF 450:451 We analyzed (1) the association between LPS and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) and (2) its relationship with adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med-diet). 28584074 3 98 theme AF 607:608 arg1 patients 610:617 912 AF patients 603:617 912 AF patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (3716 patient-years) 603:673 METHODS AND RESULTS This was a prospective single-center study including 912 AF patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (3716 patient-years). 28584074 4 99 theme MACE 717:720 arg1 MACE 717:720 MACE 717:720 MACE 717:720 The primary end point was a composite of MACE. 28584074 4 99 theme MACE 717:720 arg1 point 692:696 The primary end point 676:696 The primary end point 676:696 The primary end point was a composite of MACE. 28584074 4 99 theme MACE 717:720 arg1 composite 704:712 a composite 702:712 a composite of MACE 702:720 The primary end point was a composite of MACE. 28584074 1 100 link gut-derived 286:296 arg1 LPS 318:320 LPS 318:320 LPS 318:320 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota is emerging as a novel risk factor for atherothrombosis, but the predictive role of gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is unknown. 28584074 1 100 link gut-derived 286:296 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 298:315 gut-derived lipopolysaccharide 286:315 gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 286:321 BACKGROUND Gut microbiota is emerging as a novel risk factor for atherothrombosis, but the predictive role of gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is unknown. 28584074 10 101 dep legumes 1528:1534 arg1 β 1537:1537 β -0.120 1537:1544 β -0.120 1537:1544 Furthermore, Med-diet score (β -0.137, P<0.001) was predictive of log-LPS, with fruits (β -0.083, P=0.030) and legumes (β -0.120, P=0.002) negatively associated with log-LPS levels. 28584074 10 101 dep legumes 1528:1534 arg1 P=0.002 1547:1553 P=0.002 1547:1553 P=0.002 1547:1553 Furthermore, Med-diet score (β -0.137, P<0.001) was predictive of log-LPS, with fruits (β -0.083, P=0.030) and legumes (β -0.120, P=0.002) negatively associated with log-LPS levels. 28964607 0 0 theme basidiomycete 72:84 arg1 rates 39:43 growth rates 32:43 growth rates 32:43 Salinity induced effects on the growth rates and mycelia composition of basidiomycete and zygomycete fungi. 28964607 0 0 theme basidiomycete 72:84 arg1 composition 57:67 mycelia composition 49:67 mycelia composition 49:67 Salinity induced effects on the growth rates and mycelia composition of basidiomycete and zygomycete fungi. 28964607 0 1 from effects 17:23 arg1 rates 39:43 growth rates 32:43 growth rates 32:43 Salinity induced effects on the growth rates and mycelia composition of basidiomycete and zygomycete fungi. 28964607 0 1 from effects 17:23 arg1 composition 57:67 mycelia composition 49:67 mycelia composition 49:67 Salinity induced effects on the growth rates and mycelia composition of basidiomycete and zygomycete fungi. 28964607 2 2 theme fungi 340:344 arg1 species 317:323 four species 312:323 four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor 312:435 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 2 2 theme fungi 340:344 arg1 versicolor 426:435 Trametes versicolor 417:435 Trametes versicolor 417:435 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 2 2 theme fungi 340:344 arg1 caju 362:365 Lentinus sajor caju 347:365 Lentinus sajor caju 347:365 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 2 2 theme fungi 340:344 arg1 chrysosporium 382:394 Phanerochaete chrysosporium 368:394 Phanerochaete chrysosporium 368:394 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 2 2 theme fungi 340:344 arg1 oryzae 406:411 Rhizopus oryzae 397:411 Rhizopus oryzae 397:411 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 3 3 dep exposure 691:698 arg1 3 688:688 3 688:688 3 688:688 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 3 4 theme pre-exposure 751:762 arg1 period 741:746 a period 739:746 a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl 739:784 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 3 5 theme potential 656:664 arg1 surrogate 666:674 potential surrogate 656:674 potential surrogate of SW 656:680 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 9 6 theme low 1502:1504 arg1 levels 1506:1511 low levels 1502:1511 low levels of NaCl 1502:1519 Pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl also induced changes in the biochemical composition of the mycelia of L. sajor caju and R. oryzae, relatively to the respective control. 28964607 1 7 theme primary 149:155 arg1 events 171:176 primary and secondary events 149:176 primary and secondary events 149:176 Soil salinization, as the combination of primary and secondary events, can adversely affect organisms inhabiting this compartment. 28964607 5 8 theme sensitive 1059:1067 arg1 species 1069:1075 the less sensitive species 1050:1075 the less sensitive species 1050:1075 Phanerochaete chrysosporium showed to be the less sensitive species, both for NaCl and SW. 28964607 5 8 theme sensitive 1059:1067 arg1 chrysosporium 1023:1035 Phanerochaete chrysosporium 1009:1035 Phanerochaete chrysosporium 1009:1035 Phanerochaete chrysosporium showed to be the less sensitive species, both for NaCl and SW. 28964607 5 8 theme sensitive 1059:1067 arg1 both 1078:1081 both 1078:1081 both 1078:1081 Phanerochaete chrysosporium showed to be the less sensitive species, both for NaCl and SW. 28964607 0 9 theme zygomycete 90:99 arg1 fungi 101:105 zygomycete fungi 90:105 zygomycete fungi 90:105 Salinity induced effects on the growth rates and mycelia composition of basidiomycete and zygomycete fungi. 28964607 3 10 theme NaCl 650:653 arg1 concentrations 632:645 serial concentrations 625:645 serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW) 625:681 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 2 11 theme terrestrial 328:338 arg1 fungi 340:344 terrestrial fungi 328:344 terrestrial fungi 328:344 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 3 12 theme exposure 532:539 arg1 scenarios 541:549 three exposure scenarios 526:549 three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl 526:731 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 3 12 theme exposure 532:539 arg1 exposure 691:698 exposure 691:698 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl 688:731 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 3 12 theme exposure 532:539 arg1 exposure 613:620 exposure 613:620 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW) 610:681 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 3 12 theme exposure 532:539 arg1 exposure 555:562 exposure 555:562 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW) 552:607 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 2 13 dep species 317:323 arg1 versicolor 426:435 Trametes versicolor 417:435 Trametes versicolor 417:435 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 2 13 dep species 317:323 arg1 species 317:323 four species 312:323 four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor 312:435 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 2 13 dep species 317:323 arg1 caju 362:365 Lentinus sajor caju 347:365 Lentinus sajor caju 347:365 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 2 13 dep species 317:323 arg1 chrysosporium 382:394 Phanerochaete chrysosporium 368:394 Phanerochaete chrysosporium 368:394 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 2 13 dep species 317:323 arg1 oryzae 406:411 Rhizopus oryzae 397:411 Rhizopus oryzae 397:411 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 3 14 theme SW 679:680 arg1 surrogate 666:674 potential surrogate 656:674 potential surrogate of SW 656:680 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 11 15 theme protective 1931:1940 arg1 surrogate 1942:1950 a protective surrogate 1929:1950 a protective surrogate of SW 1929:1956 Furthermore, NaCl could be used as a protective surrogate of SW to derive safe salinity levels for soils, since it induced toxicity similar or higher than that of SW. 28964607 11 15 theme protective 1931:1940 arg1 NaCl 1907:1910 NaCl 1907:1910 NaCl 1907:1910 Furthermore, NaCl could be used as a protective surrogate of SW to derive safe salinity levels for soils, since it induced toxicity similar or higher than that of SW. 28964607 10 16 theme salt 1797:1800 arg1 levels 1782:1787 low levels 1778:1787 low levels of this salt 1778:1800 These results suggest that some terrestrial fungi may acquire an increased tolerance to NaCl after being pre-exposed to low levels of this salt, thus, suggesting their capacity to persist in environments that will undergo salinization. 28964607 7 17 theme response 1284:1291 arg1 pattern 1261:1267 this pattern 1256:1267 this pattern of biochemical response 1256:1291 When fungi were exposed to SW this pattern of biochemical response was not observed. 28964607 11 18 used used 1921:1924 arg2 NaCl 1907:1910 NaCl 1907:1910 NaCl 1907:1910 Furthermore, NaCl could be used as a protective surrogate of SW to derive safe salinity levels for soils, since it induced toxicity similar or higher than that of SW. 28964607 11 18 used used 1921:1924 arg2 surrogate 1942:1950 a protective surrogate 1929:1950 a protective surrogate of SW 1929:1956 Furthermore, NaCl could be used as a protective surrogate of SW to derive safe salinity levels for soils, since it induced toxicity similar or higher than that of SW. 28964607 4 19 theme fungi 853:857 arg1 species 859:865 all fungi species 849:865 all fungi species 849:865 The toxicity of NaCl was slightly higher than that of SW, for all fungi species: the conductivities causing 50% of growth inhibition (EC50) were within 14.9 and 22.0 mScm-1 for NaCl and within 20.2 and 34.1 mScm-1 for SW. 28964607 8 20 theme higher 1365:1370 arg1 EC50 1372:1375 higher EC50 1365:1375 higher EC50 1365:1375 Fungi pre-exposed to low levels of salinity presented higher EC50 than fungi non-pre-exposed, though 95% confidence limits overlapped, with the exception of P. chrysosporium. 28964607 9 21 theme NaCl 1516:1519 arg1 levels 1506:1511 low levels 1502:1511 low levels of NaCl 1502:1519 Pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl also induced changes in the biochemical composition of the mycelia of L. sajor caju and R. oryzae, relatively to the respective control. 28964607 2 22 theme Phanerochaete 368:380 arg1 species 317:323 four species 312:323 four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor 312:435 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 2 22 theme Phanerochaete 368:380 arg1 chrysosporium 382:394 Phanerochaete chrysosporium 368:394 Phanerochaete chrysosporium 368:394 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 0 23 theme fungi 101:105 arg1 rates 39:43 growth rates 32:43 growth rates 32:43 Salinity induced effects on the growth rates and mycelia composition of basidiomycete and zygomycete fungi. 28964607 0 23 theme fungi 101:105 arg1 composition 57:67 mycelia composition 49:67 mycelia composition 49:67 Salinity induced effects on the growth rates and mycelia composition of basidiomycete and zygomycete fungi. 28964607 10 24 theme low 1778:1780 arg1 levels 1782:1787 low levels 1778:1787 low levels of this salt 1778:1800 These results suggest that some terrestrial fungi may acquire an increased tolerance to NaCl after being pre-exposed to low levels of this salt, thus, suggesting their capacity to persist in environments that will undergo salinization. 28964607 3 25 dep exposure 613:620 arg1 2 610:610 2 610:610 2 610:610 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 1 26 theme secondary 161:169 arg1 events 171:176 primary and secondary events 149:176 primary and secondary events 149:176 Soil salinization, as the combination of primary and secondary events, can adversely affect organisms inhabiting this compartment. 28964607 4 27 theme inhibition 909:918 arg1 % 897:897 50% 895:897 50% of growth inhibition (EC50) 895:925 The toxicity of NaCl was slightly higher than that of SW, for all fungi species: the conductivities causing 50% of growth inhibition (EC50) were within 14.9 and 22.0 mScm-1 for NaCl and within 20.2 and 34.1 mScm-1 for SW. 28964607 4 27 theme inhibition 909:918 arg1 inhibition 909:918 growth inhibition 902:918 growth inhibition (EC50) 902:925 The toxicity of NaCl was slightly higher than that of SW, for all fungi species: the conductivities causing 50% of growth inhibition (EC50) were within 14.9 and 22.0 mScm-1 for NaCl and within 20.2 and 34.1 mScm-1 for SW. 28964607 4 27 theme inhibition 909:918 arg1 EC50 921:924 EC50 921:924 EC50 921:924 The toxicity of NaCl was slightly higher than that of SW, for all fungi species: the conductivities causing 50% of growth inhibition (EC50) were within 14.9 and 22.0 mScm-1 for NaCl and within 20.2 and 34.1 mScm-1 for SW. 28964607 9 28 theme R. oryzae 1609:1617 arg1 mycelia 1580:1586 the mycelia 1576:1586 the mycelia of L. sajor caju and R. oryzae 1576:1617 Pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl also induced changes in the biochemical composition of the mycelia of L. sajor caju and R. oryzae, relatively to the respective control. 28964607 11 29 theme SW 1955:1956 arg1 surrogate 1942:1950 a protective surrogate 1929:1950 a protective surrogate of SW 1929:1956 Furthermore, NaCl could be used as a protective surrogate of SW to derive safe salinity levels for soils, since it induced toxicity similar or higher than that of SW. 28964607 11 29 theme SW 1955:1956 arg1 NaCl 1907:1910 NaCl 1907:1910 NaCl 1907:1910 Furthermore, NaCl could be used as a protective surrogate of SW to derive safe salinity levels for soils, since it induced toxicity similar or higher than that of SW. 28964607 1 30 theme events 171:176 arg1 combination 134:144 the combination 130:144 the combination of primary and secondary events 130:176 Soil salinization, as the combination of primary and secondary events, can adversely affect organisms inhabiting this compartment. 28964607 4 31 theme growth 902:907 arg1 inhibition 909:918 growth inhibition 902:918 growth inhibition (EC50) 902:925 The toxicity of NaCl was slightly higher than that of SW, for all fungi species: the conductivities causing 50% of growth inhibition (EC50) were within 14.9 and 22.0 mScm-1 for NaCl and within 20.2 and 34.1 mScm-1 for SW. 28964607 4 31 theme growth 902:907 arg1 EC50 921:924 EC50 921:924 EC50 921:924 The toxicity of NaCl was slightly higher than that of SW, for all fungi species: the conductivities causing 50% of growth inhibition (EC50) were within 14.9 and 22.0 mScm-1 for NaCl and within 20.2 and 34.1 mScm-1 for SW. 28964607 7 32 theme biochemical 1272:1282 arg1 response 1284:1291 biochemical response 1272:1291 biochemical response 1272:1291 When fungi were exposed to SW this pattern of biochemical response was not observed. 28964607 10 33 theme terrestrial 1690:1700 arg1 fungi 1702:1706 some terrestrial fungi 1685:1706 some terrestrial fungi 1685:1706 These results suggest that some terrestrial fungi may acquire an increased tolerance to NaCl after being pre-exposed to low levels of this salt, thus, suggesting their capacity to persist in environments that will undergo salinization. 28964607 9 34 from changes 1534:1540 arg1 composition 1561:1571 the biochemical composition 1545:1571 the biochemical composition of the mycelia of L. sajor caju and R. oryzae 1545:1617 Pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl also induced changes in the biochemical composition of the mycelia of L. sajor caju and R. oryzae, relatively to the respective control. 28964607 2 35 theme sajor 356:360 arg1 species 317:323 four species 312:323 four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor 312:435 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 2 35 theme sajor 356:360 arg1 caju 362:365 Lentinus sajor caju 347:365 Lentinus sajor caju 347:365 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 2 36 theme Trametes 417:424 arg1 versicolor 426:435 Trametes versicolor 417:435 Trametes versicolor 417:435 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 2 36 theme Trametes 417:424 arg1 species 317:323 four species 312:323 four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor 312:435 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 3 37 dep NaCl 650:653 arg1 surrogate 666:674 potential surrogate 656:674 potential surrogate of SW 656:680 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 8 38 theme % 1414:1414 arg1 limits 1427:1432 95% confidence limits 1412:1432 95% confidence limits 1412:1432 Fungi pre-exposed to low levels of salinity presented higher EC50 than fungi non-pre-exposed, though 95% confidence limits overlapped, with the exception of P. chrysosporium. 28964607 2 39 theme salinity 286:293 arg1 effects 265:271 the effects 261:271 the effects of increased salinity 261:293 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 10 40 theme increased 1723:1731 arg1 tolerance 1733:1741 an increased tolerance 1720:1741 an increased tolerance to NaCl 1720:1749 These results suggest that some terrestrial fungi may acquire an increased tolerance to NaCl after being pre-exposed to low levels of this salt, thus, suggesting their capacity to persist in environments that will undergo salinization. 28964607 8 41 theme 95 1412:1413 arg1 % 1414:1414 % 1414:1414 % 1414:1414 Fungi pre-exposed to low levels of salinity presented higher EC50 than fungi non-pre-exposed, though 95% confidence limits overlapped, with the exception of P. chrysosporium. 28964607 2 42 theme increased 276:284 arg1 salinity 286:293 increased salinity 276:293 increased salinity 276:293 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 3 43 dep exposure 555:562 arg1 1 552:552 1 552:552 1 552:552 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 2 44 theme Rhizopus 397:404 arg1 species 317:323 four species 312:323 four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor 312:435 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 2 44 theme Rhizopus 397:404 arg1 oryzae 406:411 Rhizopus oryzae 397:411 Rhizopus oryzae 397:411 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 0 45 theme growth 32:37 arg1 rates 39:43 growth rates 32:43 growth rates 32:43 Salinity induced effects on the growth rates and mycelia composition of basidiomycete and zygomycete fungi. 28964607 9 46 theme biochemical 1549:1559 arg1 composition 1561:1571 the biochemical composition 1545:1571 the biochemical composition of the mycelia of L. sajor caju and R. oryzae 1545:1617 Pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl also induced changes in the biochemical composition of the mycelia of L. sajor caju and R. oryzae, relatively to the respective control. 28964607 8 47 theme P. chrysosporium 1468:1483 arg1 exception 1455:1463 the exception 1451:1463 the exception of P. chrysosporium 1451:1483 Fungi pre-exposed to low levels of salinity presented higher EC50 than fungi non-pre-exposed, though 95% confidence limits overlapped, with the exception of P. chrysosporium. 28964607 11 48 theme salinity 1973:1980 arg1 levels 1982:1987 safe salinity levels 1968:1987 safe salinity levels for soils 1968:1997 Furthermore, NaCl could be used as a protective surrogate of SW to derive safe salinity levels for soils, since it induced toxicity similar or higher than that of SW. 28964607 3 49 dep growth 451:456 arg1 The 438:440 The 438:440 The 438:440 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 3 50 theme serial 703:708 arg1 concentrations 710:723 serial concentrations 703:723 serial concentrations of NaCl 703:731 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 6 51 theme fungi 1166:1170 arg1 composition 1151:1161 the biochemical composition 1135:1161 the biochemical composition of fungi 1135:1170 Exposure to NaCl caused changes in the biochemical composition of fungi, mainly increasing the production of polysaccharides. 28964607 0 52 dep rates 39:43 arg1 the 28:30 the 28:30 the 28:30 Salinity induced effects on the growth rates and mycelia composition of basidiomycete and zygomycete fungi. 28964607 3 53 theme mycelial 442:449 arg1 growth 451:456 mycelial growth 442:456 mycelial growth 442:456 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 11 54 theme safe 1968:1971 arg1 levels 1982:1987 safe salinity levels 1968:1987 safe salinity levels for soils 1968:1997 Furthermore, NaCl could be used as a protective surrogate of SW to derive safe salinity levels for soils, since it induced toxicity similar or higher than that of SW. 28964607 6 55 theme polysaccharides 1209:1223 arg1 production 1195:1204 the production 1191:1204 the production of polysaccharides 1191:1223 Exposure to NaCl caused changes in the biochemical composition of fungi, mainly increasing the production of polysaccharides. 28964607 8 56 theme non-pre-exposed 1388:1402 arg1 fungi 1382:1386 fungi non-pre-exposed 1382:1402 fungi non-pre-exposed 1382:1402 Fungi pre-exposed to low levels of salinity presented higher EC50 than fungi non-pre-exposed, though 95% confidence limits overlapped, with the exception of P. chrysosporium. 28964607 9 57 theme mycelia 1580:1586 arg1 composition 1561:1571 the biochemical composition 1545:1571 the biochemical composition of the mycelia of L. sajor caju and R. oryzae 1545:1617 Pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl also induced changes in the biochemical composition of the mycelia of L. sajor caju and R. oryzae, relatively to the respective control. 28964607 1 58 theme Soil 108:111 arg1 salinization 113:124 Soil salinization 108:124 Soil salinization 108:124 Soil salinization, as the combination of primary and secondary events, can adversely affect organisms inhabiting this compartment. 28964607 8 59 theme salinity 1346:1353 arg1 levels 1336:1341 low levels 1332:1341 low levels of salinity 1332:1353 Fungi pre-exposed to low levels of salinity presented higher EC50 than fungi non-pre-exposed, though 95% confidence limits overlapped, with the exception of P. chrysosporium. 28964607 5 60 theme Phanerochaete 1009:1021 arg1 species 1069:1075 the less sensitive species 1050:1075 the less sensitive species 1050:1075 Phanerochaete chrysosporium showed to be the less sensitive species, both for NaCl and SW. 28964607 5 60 theme Phanerochaete 1009:1021 arg1 chrysosporium 1023:1035 Phanerochaete chrysosporium 1009:1035 Phanerochaete chrysosporium 1009:1035 Phanerochaete chrysosporium showed to be the less sensitive species, both for NaCl and SW. 28964607 4 61 theme NaCl 803:806 arg1 higher 821:826 higher 821:826 higher 821:826 The toxicity of NaCl was slightly higher than that of SW, for all fungi species: the conductivities causing 50% of growth inhibition (EC50) were within 14.9 and 22.0 mScm-1 for NaCl and within 20.2 and 34.1 mScm-1 for SW. 28964607 4 61 theme NaCl 803:806 arg1 toxicity 791:798 The toxicity 787:798 The toxicity of NaCl 787:806 The toxicity of NaCl was slightly higher than that of SW, for all fungi species: the conductivities causing 50% of growth inhibition (EC50) were within 14.9 and 22.0 mScm-1 for NaCl and within 20.2 and 34.1 mScm-1 for SW. 28964607 3 62 theme serial 625:630 arg1 concentrations 632:645 serial concentrations 625:645 serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW) 625:681 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 3 63 theme serial 567:572 arg1 dilutions 574:582 serial dilutions 567:582 serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW) 567:607 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 3 64 theme fungi 498:502 arg1 growth 451:456 mycelial growth 442:456 mycelial growth 442:456 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 3 64 theme fungi 498:502 arg1 composition 474:484 biochemical composition 462:484 biochemical composition 462:484 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 6 65 theme biochemical 1139:1149 arg1 composition 1151:1161 the biochemical composition 1135:1161 the biochemical composition of fungi 1135:1170 Exposure to NaCl caused changes in the biochemical composition of fungi, mainly increasing the production of polysaccharides. 28964607 3 66 theme biochemical 462:472 arg1 composition 474:484 biochemical composition 462:484 biochemical composition 462:484 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 3 67 theme NaCl 781:784 arg1 levels 771:776 low levels 767:776 low levels of NaCl 767:784 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 8 68 theme low 1332:1334 arg1 levels 1336:1341 low levels 1332:1341 low levels of salinity 1332:1353 Fungi pre-exposed to low levels of salinity presented higher EC50 than fungi non-pre-exposed, though 95% confidence limits overlapped, with the exception of P. chrysosporium. 28964607 2 69 theme present 246:252 arg1 study 254:258 the present study 242:258 the present study 242:258 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 3 70 dep scenarios 541:549 arg1 scenarios 541:549 three exposure scenarios 526:549 three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl 526:731 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 3 70 dep scenarios 541:549 arg1 exposure 691:698 exposure 691:698 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl 688:731 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 3 70 dep scenarios 541:549 arg1 exposure 613:620 exposure 613:620 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW) 610:681 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 3 70 dep scenarios 541:549 arg1 exposure 555:562 exposure 555:562 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW) 552:607 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 3 71 theme low 767:769 arg1 levels 771:776 low levels 767:776 low levels of NaCl 767:784 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 9 72 theme L. sajor 1591:1598 arg1 mycelia 1580:1586 the mycelia 1576:1586 the mycelia of L. sajor caju and R. oryzae 1576:1617 Pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl also induced changes in the biochemical composition of the mycelia of L. sajor caju and R. oryzae, relatively to the respective control. 28964607 3 73 theme natural 587:593 arg1 seawater 595:602 natural seawater 587:602 natural seawater (SW) 587:607 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 3 73 theme natural 587:593 arg1 SW 605:606 SW 605:606 SW 605:606 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 2 74 theme Lentinus 347:354 arg1 species 317:323 four species 312:323 four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor 312:435 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 2 74 theme Lentinus 347:354 arg1 caju 362:365 Lentinus sajor caju 347:365 Lentinus sajor caju 347:365 In the present study, the effects of increased salinity were assessed in four species of terrestrial fungi: Lentinus sajor caju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trametes versicolor. 28964607 6 75 from changes 1124:1130 arg1 composition 1151:1161 the biochemical composition 1135:1161 the biochemical composition of fungi 1135:1170 Exposure to NaCl caused changes in the biochemical composition of fungi, mainly increasing the production of polysaccharides. 28964607 8 76 theme confidence 1416:1425 arg1 limits 1427:1432 95% confidence limits 1412:1432 95% confidence limits 1412:1432 Fungi pre-exposed to low levels of salinity presented higher EC50 than fungi non-pre-exposed, though 95% confidence limits overlapped, with the exception of P. chrysosporium. 28964607 0 77 theme mycelia 49:55 arg1 composition 57:67 mycelia composition 49:67 mycelia composition 49:67 Salinity induced effects on the growth rates and mycelia composition of basidiomycete and zygomycete fungi. 28964607 3 78 theme seawater 595:602 arg1 dilutions 574:582 serial dilutions 567:582 serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW) 567:607 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 28964607 9 79 theme respective 1638:1647 arg1 control 1649:1655 the respective control 1634:1655 the respective control 1634:1655 Pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl also induced changes in the biochemical composition of the mycelia of L. sajor caju and R. oryzae, relatively to the respective control. 28964607 3 80 theme NaCl 728:731 arg1 concentrations 710:723 serial concentrations 703:723 serial concentrations of NaCl 703:731 The mycelial growth and biochemical composition of the four fungi were determined under three exposure scenarios: 1) exposure to serial dilutions of natural seawater (SW), 2) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl (potential surrogate of SW); and 3) exposure to serial concentrations of NaCl after a period of pre-exposure to low levels of NaCl. 27907170 7 0 theme Methanococcus 952:964 arg1 voltae 966:971 Methanococcus voltae 952:971 Methanococcus voltae 952:971 We demonstrate that AglBs from Methanococcus voltae and Methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicus functionally replaced the oligosaccharyltransferase activity missing in the Mc. 27907170 7 1 dep Methanothermococcus 977:995 arg1 thermolithotrophicus 997:1016 Methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicus 977:1016 Methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicus 977:1016 We demonstrate that AglBs from Methanococcus voltae and Methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicus functionally replaced the oligosaccharyltransferase activity missing in the Mc. 27907170 18 2 from jannaschii 1711:1720 arg1 AglB 1682:1685 AglB 1682:1685 AglB from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, Haloferax volcanii 1682:1740 Attempts to use AglB from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, Haloferax volcanii or Sulfolobus acidocaldarius to functionally replace the oligosaccharyltransferase activity missing in the Mc. 27907170 19 3 theme ΔaglB 1865:1869 arg1 strain 1871:1876 maripaludis ΔaglB strain 1853:1876 maripaludis ΔaglB strain 1853:1876 maripaludis ΔaglB strain were unsuccessful. 27907170 6 4 theme apparent 854:861 arg1 weight 873:878 a smaller apparent molecular weight 844:878 a smaller apparent molecular weight 844:878 maripaludis ΔaglB strain FlaB2 runs as at a smaller apparent molecular weight in western blots and is nonarchaellated. 27907170 10 5 theme linking 1302:1308 arg1 sugar 1310:1314 the linking sugar 1298:1314 the linking sugar of the transferred glycan 1298:1340 voltae has a relaxed specificity for the linking sugar of the transferred glycan since while the N-linked glycan present in Mc. 27907170 8 6 dep strain 1116:1121 arg1 maripaludis 1098:1108 maripaludis 1098:1108 maripaludis 1098:1108 maripaludis ΔaglB strain, both returning the apparent molecular weight of FlaB2 to wildtype size and restoring archaellation. 27907170 6 7 theme smaller 846:852 arg1 weight 873:878 a smaller apparent molecular weight 844:878 a smaller apparent molecular weight 844:878 maripaludis ΔaglB strain FlaB2 runs as at a smaller apparent molecular weight in western blots and is nonarchaellated. 27907170 2 8 theme select 315:320 arg1 residues 333:340 select asparagine residues 315:340 select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins 315:423 In Archaea, this enzyme termed AglB, is responsible for transferring lipid carrier-linked glycans to select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins. 27907170 4 9 link N-linked 713:720 arg1 tetrasaccharide 722:736 an N-linked tetrasaccharide 710:736 an N-linked tetrasaccharide 710:736 maripaludis are modified at multiple sites by an N-linked tetrasaccharide and this modification is required for archaellation. 27907170 2 10 from Archaea 217:223 arg1 responsible 254:264 responsible 254:264 responsible 254:264 In Archaea, this enzyme termed AglB, is responsible for transferring lipid carrier-linked glycans to select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins. 27907170 6 11 theme strain 820:825 arg1 FlaB2 827:831 maripaludis ΔaglB strain FlaB2 802:831 maripaludis ΔaglB strain FlaB2 802:831 maripaludis ΔaglB strain FlaB2 runs as at a smaller apparent molecular weight in western blots and is nonarchaellated. 27907170 3 12 from archaellins 645:655 arg1 Mc 660:661 Mc 660:661 Mc 660:661 This study investigated the ability of a variety of AglBs to compensate for the oligosaccharyltransferase activity in Methanococcus maripaludis deleted for aglB, using archaellin FlaB2 as the reporter protein since all archaellins in Mc. 27907170 2 13 theme proteins 365:372 arg1 pilins 418:423 pilins 418:423 pilins 418:423 In Archaea, this enzyme termed AglB, is responsible for transferring lipid carrier-linked glycans to select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins. 27907170 2 13 theme proteins 365:372 arg1 archaellins 384:394 archaellins 384:394 archaellins 384:394 In Archaea, this enzyme termed AglB, is responsible for transferring lipid carrier-linked glycans to select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins. 27907170 2 13 theme proteins 365:372 arg1 variety 347:353 a variety 345:353 a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins 345:423 In Archaea, this enzyme termed AglB, is responsible for transferring lipid carrier-linked glycans to select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins. 27907170 2 13 theme proteins 365:372 arg1 proteins 365:372 target proteins 358:372 target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins 358:423 In Archaea, this enzyme termed AglB, is responsible for transferring lipid carrier-linked glycans to select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins. 27907170 2 13 theme proteins 365:372 arg1 proteins 405:412 S-layer proteins 397:412 S-layer proteins 397:412 In Archaea, this enzyme termed AglB, is responsible for transferring lipid carrier-linked glycans to select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins. 27907170 8 14 theme molecular 1152:1160 arg1 weight 1162:1167 the apparent molecular weight 1139:1167 the apparent molecular weight of FlaB2 1139:1176 maripaludis ΔaglB strain, both returning the apparent molecular weight of FlaB2 to wildtype size and restoring archaellation. 27907170 8 15 theme apparent 1143:1150 arg1 weight 1162:1167 the apparent molecular weight 1139:1167 the apparent molecular weight of FlaB2 1139:1176 maripaludis ΔaglB strain, both returning the apparent molecular weight of FlaB2 to wildtype size and restoring archaellation. 27907170 2 16 theme carrier-linked 289:302 arg1 glycans 304:310 lipid carrier-linked glycans 283:310 lipid carrier-linked glycans 283:310 In Archaea, this enzyme termed AglB, is responsible for transferring lipid carrier-linked glycans to select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins. 27907170 3 17 theme oligosaccharyltransferase 506:530 arg1 activity 532:539 the oligosaccharyltransferase activity 502:539 the oligosaccharyltransferase activity in Methanococcus maripaludis deleted for aglB 502:585 This study investigated the ability of a variety of AglBs to compensate for the oligosaccharyltransferase activity in Methanococcus maripaludis deleted for aglB, using archaellin FlaB2 as the reporter protein since all archaellins in Mc. 27907170 1 18 theme life 208:211 arg1 life 208:211 life 208:211 life 208:211 The oligosaccharyltransferase is the signature enzyme for N-linked glycosylation in all domains of life. 27907170 1 18 theme life 208:211 arg1 domains 197:203 all domains 193:203 all domains of life 193:211 The oligosaccharyltransferase is the signature enzyme for N-linked glycosylation in all domains of life. 27907170 10 19 link N-linked 1358:1365 arg1 present 1374:1380 the N-linked glycan present 1354:1380 the N-linked glycan present in Mc 1354:1386 voltae has a relaxed specificity for the linking sugar of the transferred glycan since while the N-linked glycan present in Mc. 27907170 4 20 theme multiple 692:699 arg1 sites 701:705 multiple sites 692:705 multiple sites 692:705 maripaludis are modified at multiple sites by an N-linked tetrasaccharide and this modification is required for archaellation. 27907170 10 21 theme glycan 1367:1372 arg1 present 1374:1380 the N-linked glycan present 1354:1380 the N-linked glycan present in Mc 1354:1386 voltae has a relaxed specificity for the linking sugar of the transferred glycan since while the N-linked glycan present in Mc. 27907170 10 22 theme N-linked 1358:1365 arg1 present 1374:1380 the N-linked glycan present 1354:1380 the N-linked glycan present in Mc 1354:1386 voltae has a relaxed specificity for the linking sugar of the transferred glycan since while the N-linked glycan present in Mc. 27907170 9 23 from Mc 1257:1258 arg1 AglB 1247:1250 AglB 1247:1250 AglB 1247:1250 This demonstrates that AglB from Mc. 27907170 0 24 theme aglB 22:25 arg1 Mutant 27:32 an aglB Mutant 19:32 an aglB Mutant of Methanococcus maripaludis 19:61 Complementation of an aglB Mutant of Methanococcus maripaludis with Heterologous Oligosaccharyltransferases. 27907170 2 25 link carrier-linked 289:302 arg1 glycans 304:310 lipid carrier-linked glycans 283:310 lipid carrier-linked glycans 283:310 In Archaea, this enzyme termed AglB, is responsible for transferring lipid carrier-linked glycans to select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins. 27907170 1 26 from enzyme 156:161 arg1 life 208:211 life 208:211 life 208:211 The oligosaccharyltransferase is the signature enzyme for N-linked glycosylation in all domains of life. 27907170 1 26 from enzyme 156:161 arg1 domains 197:203 all domains 193:203 all domains of life 193:211 The oligosaccharyltransferase is the signature enzyme for N-linked glycosylation in all domains of life. 27907170 3 27 theme archaellin 594:603 arg1 FlaB2 605:609 archaellin FlaB2 594:609 archaellin FlaB2 594:609 This study investigated the ability of a variety of AglBs to compensate for the oligosaccharyltransferase activity in Methanococcus maripaludis deleted for aglB, using archaellin FlaB2 as the reporter protein since all archaellins in Mc. 27907170 3 27 theme archaellin 594:603 arg1 protein 627:633 the reporter protein 614:633 the reporter protein 614:633 This study investigated the ability of a variety of AglBs to compensate for the oligosaccharyltransferase activity in Methanococcus maripaludis deleted for aglB, using archaellin FlaB2 as the reporter protein since all archaellins in Mc. 27907170 2 28 from responsible 254:264 arg1 Archaea 217:223 Archaea 217:223 Archaea 217:223 In Archaea, this enzyme termed AglB, is responsible for transferring lipid carrier-linked glycans to select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins. 27907170 18 29 theme oligosaccharyltransferase 1799:1823 arg1 activity 1825:1832 the oligosaccharyltransferase activity 1795:1832 the oligosaccharyltransferase activity missing in the Mc 1795:1850 Attempts to use AglB from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, Haloferax volcanii or Sulfolobus acidocaldarius to functionally replace the oligosaccharyltransferase activity missing in the Mc. 27907170 8 30 theme FlaB2 1172:1176 arg1 weight 1162:1167 the apparent molecular weight 1139:1167 the apparent molecular weight of FlaB2 1139:1176 maripaludis ΔaglB strain, both returning the apparent molecular weight of FlaB2 to wildtype size and restoring archaellation. 27907170 10 31 contain has 1268:1270 arg2 specificity 1282:1292 a relaxed specificity 1272:1292 a relaxed specificity for the linking sugar of the transferred glycan 1272:1340 voltae has a relaxed specificity for the linking sugar of the transferred glycan since while the N-linked glycan present in Mc. 27907170 10 31 contain has 1268:1270 arg1 voltae 1261:1266 voltae 1261:1266 voltae 1261:1266 voltae has a relaxed specificity for the linking sugar of the transferred glycan since while the N-linked glycan present in Mc. 27907170 2 32 theme asparagine 322:331 arg1 residues 333:340 select asparagine residues 315:340 select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins 315:423 In Archaea, this enzyme termed AglB, is responsible for transferring lipid carrier-linked glycans to select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins. 27907170 13 33 theme linking 1489:1495 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 1462:1480 N-acetylglucosamine 1462:1480 N-acetylglucosamine 1462:1480 voltae glycan uses N-acetylglucosamine as the linking sugar. 27907170 13 33 theme linking 1489:1495 arg1 sugar 1497:1501 the linking sugar 1485:1501 the linking sugar 1485:1501 voltae glycan uses N-acetylglucosamine as the linking sugar. 27907170 10 34 from present 1374:1380 arg1 Mc 1385:1386 Mc 1385:1386 Mc 1385:1386 voltae has a relaxed specificity for the linking sugar of the transferred glycan since while the N-linked glycan present in Mc. 27907170 0 35 theme Mutant 27:32 arg1 Complementation 0:14 Complementation 0:14 Complementation of an aglB Mutant of Methanococcus maripaludis with Heterologous Oligosaccharyltransferases. 0:107 Complementation of an aglB Mutant of Methanococcus maripaludis with Heterologous Oligosaccharyltransferases. 27907170 8 36 theme wildtype 1181:1188 arg1 size 1190:1193 wildtype size 1181:1193 wildtype size 1181:1193 maripaludis ΔaglB strain, both returning the apparent molecular weight of FlaB2 to wildtype size and restoring archaellation. 27907170 8 37 theme ΔaglB 1110:1114 arg1 strain 1116:1121 ΔaglB strain 1110:1121 ΔaglB strain 1110:1121 maripaludis ΔaglB strain, both returning the apparent molecular weight of FlaB2 to wildtype size and restoring archaellation. 27907170 6 38 theme ΔaglB 814:818 arg1 FlaB2 827:831 maripaludis ΔaglB strain FlaB2 802:831 maripaludis ΔaglB strain FlaB2 802:831 maripaludis ΔaglB strain FlaB2 runs as at a smaller apparent molecular weight in western blots and is nonarchaellated. 27907170 3 39 theme AglBs 478:482 arg1 AglBs 478:482 AglBs 478:482 AglBs 478:482 This study investigated the ability of a variety of AglBs to compensate for the oligosaccharyltransferase activity in Methanococcus maripaludis deleted for aglB, using archaellin FlaB2 as the reporter protein since all archaellins in Mc. 27907170 3 39 theme AglBs 478:482 arg1 variety 467:473 a variety 465:473 a variety of AglBs 465:482 This study investigated the ability of a variety of AglBs to compensate for the oligosaccharyltransferase activity in Methanococcus maripaludis deleted for aglB, using archaellin FlaB2 as the reporter protein since all archaellins in Mc. 27907170 0 40 theme maripaludis 51:61 arg1 Mutant 27:32 an aglB Mutant 19:32 an aglB Mutant of Methanococcus maripaludis 19:61 Complementation of an aglB Mutant of Methanococcus maripaludis with Heterologous Oligosaccharyltransferases. 27907170 18 41 theme Haloferax 1723:1731 arg1 jannaschii 1711:1720 Methanocaldococcus jannaschii 1692:1720 Methanocaldococcus jannaschii 1692:1720 Attempts to use AglB from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, Haloferax volcanii or Sulfolobus acidocaldarius to functionally replace the oligosaccharyltransferase activity missing in the Mc. 27907170 18 41 theme Haloferax 1723:1731 arg1 volcanii 1733:1740 Haloferax volcanii 1723:1740 Haloferax volcanii 1723:1740 Attempts to use AglB from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, Haloferax volcanii or Sulfolobus acidocaldarius to functionally replace the oligosaccharyltransferase activity missing in the Mc. 27907170 17 42 theme first 1638:1642 arg1 time 1644:1647 the first time 1634:1647 the first time 1634:1647 thermolithotrophicus for the first time by its activity. 27907170 3 43 theme reporter 618:625 arg1 FlaB2 605:609 archaellin FlaB2 594:609 archaellin FlaB2 594:609 This study investigated the ability of a variety of AglBs to compensate for the oligosaccharyltransferase activity in Methanococcus maripaludis deleted for aglB, using archaellin FlaB2 as the reporter protein since all archaellins in Mc. 27907170 3 43 theme reporter 618:625 arg1 protein 627:633 the reporter protein 614:633 the reporter protein 614:633 This study investigated the ability of a variety of AglBs to compensate for the oligosaccharyltransferase activity in Methanococcus maripaludis deleted for aglB, using archaellin FlaB2 as the reporter protein since all archaellins in Mc. 27907170 6 44 theme maripaludis 802:812 arg1 FlaB2 827:831 maripaludis ΔaglB strain FlaB2 802:831 maripaludis ΔaglB strain FlaB2 802:831 maripaludis ΔaglB strain FlaB2 runs as at a smaller apparent molecular weight in western blots and is nonarchaellated. 27907170 1 45 theme signature 146:154 arg1 oligosaccharyltransferase 113:137 The oligosaccharyltransferase 109:137 The oligosaccharyltransferase 109:137 The oligosaccharyltransferase is the signature enzyme for N-linked glycosylation in all domains of life. 27907170 1 45 theme signature 146:154 arg1 enzyme 156:161 the signature enzyme 142:161 the signature enzyme for N-linked glycosylation in all domains of life 142:211 The oligosaccharyltransferase is the signature enzyme for N-linked glycosylation in all domains of life. 27907170 13 46 theme voltae 1443:1448 arg1 glycan 1450:1455 voltae glycan 1443:1455 voltae glycan 1443:1455 voltae glycan uses N-acetylglucosamine as the linking sugar. 27907170 1 47 link N-linked 167:174 arg1 glycosylation 176:188 N-linked glycosylation 167:188 N-linked glycosylation 167:188 The oligosaccharyltransferase is the signature enzyme for N-linked glycosylation in all domains of life. 27907170 6 48 theme western 883:889 arg1 blots 891:895 western blots 883:895 western blots 883:895 maripaludis ΔaglB strain FlaB2 runs as at a smaller apparent molecular weight in western blots and is nonarchaellated. 27907170 7 49 theme oligosaccharyltransferase 1044:1068 arg1 activity 1070:1077 the oligosaccharyltransferase activity 1040:1077 the oligosaccharyltransferase activity missing in the Mc 1040:1095 We demonstrate that AglBs from Methanococcus voltae and Methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicus functionally replaced the oligosaccharyltransferase activity missing in the Mc. 27907170 2 50 theme target 358:363 arg1 pilins 418:423 pilins 418:423 pilins 418:423 In Archaea, this enzyme termed AglB, is responsible for transferring lipid carrier-linked glycans to select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins. 27907170 2 50 theme target 358:363 arg1 archaellins 384:394 archaellins 384:394 archaellins 384:394 In Archaea, this enzyme termed AglB, is responsible for transferring lipid carrier-linked glycans to select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins. 27907170 2 50 theme target 358:363 arg1 proteins 405:412 S-layer proteins 397:412 S-layer proteins 397:412 In Archaea, this enzyme termed AglB, is responsible for transferring lipid carrier-linked glycans to select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins. 27907170 2 50 theme target 358:363 arg1 proteins 365:372 target proteins 358:372 target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins 358:423 In Archaea, this enzyme termed AglB, is responsible for transferring lipid carrier-linked glycans to select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins. 27907170 4 51 mod modified 680:687 arg1 maripaludis 664:674 maripaludis 664:674 maripaludis 664:674 maripaludis are modified at multiple sites by an N-linked tetrasaccharide and this modification is required for archaellation. 27907170 4 51 mod modified 680:687 arg3 tetrasaccharide 722:736 an N-linked tetrasaccharide 710:736 an N-linked tetrasaccharide 710:736 maripaludis are modified at multiple sites by an N-linked tetrasaccharide and this modification is required for archaellation. 27907170 3 52 from activity 532:539 arg1 maripaludis 558:568 Methanococcus maripaludis 544:568 Methanococcus maripaludis deleted for aglB 544:585 This study investigated the ability of a variety of AglBs to compensate for the oligosaccharyltransferase activity in Methanococcus maripaludis deleted for aglB, using archaellin FlaB2 as the reporter protein since all archaellins in Mc. 27907170 19 53 theme maripaludis 1853:1863 arg1 strain 1871:1876 maripaludis ΔaglB strain 1853:1876 maripaludis ΔaglB strain 1853:1876 maripaludis ΔaglB strain were unsuccessful. 27907170 2 54 theme lipid 283:287 arg1 glycans 304:310 lipid carrier-linked glycans 283:310 lipid carrier-linked glycans 283:310 In Archaea, this enzyme termed AglB, is responsible for transferring lipid carrier-linked glycans to select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins. 27907170 0 55 with Complementation 0:14 arg1 Oligosaccharyltransferases 81:106 Heterologous Oligosaccharyltransferases 68:106 Heterologous Oligosaccharyltransferases 68:106 Complementation of an aglB Mutant of Methanococcus maripaludis with Heterologous Oligosaccharyltransferases. 27907170 10 56 theme transferred 1323:1333 arg1 glycan 1335:1340 the transferred glycan 1319:1340 the transferred glycan 1319:1340 voltae has a relaxed specificity for the linking sugar of the transferred glycan since while the N-linked glycan present in Mc. 27907170 1 57 theme N-linked 167:174 arg1 glycosylation 176:188 N-linked glycosylation 167:188 N-linked glycosylation 167:188 The oligosaccharyltransferase is the signature enzyme for N-linked glycosylation in all domains of life. 27907170 10 58 theme relaxed 1274:1280 arg1 specificity 1282:1292 a relaxed specificity 1272:1292 a relaxed specificity for the linking sugar of the transferred glycan 1272:1340 voltae has a relaxed specificity for the linking sugar of the transferred glycan since while the N-linked glycan present in Mc. 27907170 0 59 theme Heterologous 68:79 arg1 Oligosaccharyltransferases 81:106 Heterologous Oligosaccharyltransferases 68:106 Heterologous Oligosaccharyltransferases 68:106 Complementation of an aglB Mutant of Methanococcus maripaludis with Heterologous Oligosaccharyltransferases. 27907170 6 60 theme molecular 863:871 arg1 weight 873:878 a smaller apparent molecular weight 844:878 a smaller apparent molecular weight 844:878 maripaludis ΔaglB strain FlaB2 runs as at a smaller apparent molecular weight in western blots and is nonarchaellated. 27907170 10 61 theme glycan 1335:1340 arg1 sugar 1310:1314 the linking sugar 1298:1314 the linking sugar of the transferred glycan 1298:1340 voltae has a relaxed specificity for the linking sugar of the transferred glycan since while the N-linked glycan present in Mc. 27907170 2 62 theme S-layer 397:403 arg1 proteins 405:412 S-layer proteins 397:412 S-layer proteins 397:412 In Archaea, this enzyme termed AglB, is responsible for transferring lipid carrier-linked glycans to select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins. 27907170 3 63 theme variety 467:473 arg1 ability 454:460 the ability 450:460 the ability of a variety of AglBs to compensate for the oligosaccharyltransferase activity in Methanococcus maripaludis deleted for aglB 450:585 This study investigated the ability of a variety of AglBs to compensate for the oligosaccharyltransferase activity in Methanococcus maripaludis deleted for aglB, using archaellin FlaB2 as the reporter protein since all archaellins in Mc. 27907170 4 64 theme N-linked 713:720 arg1 tetrasaccharide 722:736 an N-linked tetrasaccharide 710:736 an N-linked tetrasaccharide 710:736 maripaludis are modified at multiple sites by an N-linked tetrasaccharide and this modification is required for archaellation. 27907170 2 65 from residues 333:340 arg1 pilins 418:423 pilins 418:423 pilins 418:423 In Archaea, this enzyme termed AglB, is responsible for transferring lipid carrier-linked glycans to select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins. 27907170 2 65 from residues 333:340 arg1 archaellins 384:394 archaellins 384:394 archaellins 384:394 In Archaea, this enzyme termed AglB, is responsible for transferring lipid carrier-linked glycans to select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins. 27907170 2 65 from residues 333:340 arg1 variety 347:353 a variety 345:353 a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins 345:423 In Archaea, this enzyme termed AglB, is responsible for transferring lipid carrier-linked glycans to select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins. 27907170 2 65 from residues 333:340 arg1 proteins 365:372 target proteins 358:372 target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins 358:423 In Archaea, this enzyme termed AglB, is responsible for transferring lipid carrier-linked glycans to select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins. 27907170 2 65 from residues 333:340 arg1 proteins 405:412 S-layer proteins 397:412 S-layer proteins 397:412 In Archaea, this enzyme termed AglB, is responsible for transferring lipid carrier-linked glycans to select asparagine residues in a variety of target proteins including archaellins, S-layer proteins and pilins. 28790932 6 0 theme gut 888:890 arg1 composition 903:913 gut microbiota composition 888:913 gut microbiota composition 888:913 Different host phenotypes and gut microbiota composition were studied across 6 age strata (days -30, 0, 3, 5, 7, and 30 after weaning) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 28790932 6 1 theme gene 1005:1008 arg1 sequencing 1010:1019 16S rRNA gene sequencing 996:1019 16S rRNA gene sequencing 996:1019 Different host phenotypes and gut microbiota composition were studied across 6 age strata (days -30, 0, 3, 5, 7, and 30 after weaning) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 28790932 13 2 theme stress 2089:2094 arg1 adaptation 2105:2114 better stress response adaptation 2082:2114 better stress response adaptation 2082:2114 Therefore, community type 2 is likely to confer better stress response adaptation following weaning. 28790932 7 3 theme prior 1159:1163 arg1 group 1153:1157 the A group 1147:1157 the A group prior to weaning compared to the P group 1147:1198 Results revealed that the beneficial species belonging to Prevotella, Paraprevotella, and Ruminococcus were more abundant in the A group prior to weaning compared to the P group, suggesting that the gut microbiota in the A cohort was better adapted to weaning. 28790932 8 4 theme opposite 1328:1335 arg1 pattern 1337:1343 the opposite pattern 1324:1343 the opposite pattern 1324:1343 Streptococcus, on the other hand, showed the opposite pattern after weaning. 28790932 6 5 theme 16S 996:998 arg1 sequencing 1010:1019 16S rRNA gene sequencing 996:1019 16S rRNA gene sequencing 996:1019 Different host phenotypes and gut microbiota composition were studied across 6 age strata (days -30, 0, 3, 5, 7, and 30 after weaning) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 28790932 2 6 theme microbiota 244:253 arg1 importance 179:188 the importance 175:188 the importance of the interaction between the gut-brain axis and gut microbiota under stress 175:266 Given the importance of the interaction between the gut-brain axis and gut microbiota under stress, we evaluated (i) the effect of two different weaning methods on the composition of gut microbiota across time and (ii) how the shifts of gut microbiota composition after weaning affect the host. 28790932 4 7 theme fourth 694:699 arg1 week 701:704 the fourth week 690:704 the fourth week prior to weaning 690:721 In the P method, mares were separated from foals at progressively increasing intervals every day, starting from five min during the fourth week prior to weaning and ending with 6 h during the last week before weaning. 28790932 7 8 theme A 1151:1151 arg1 group 1153:1157 the A group 1147:1157 the A group prior to weaning compared to the P group 1147:1198 Results revealed that the beneficial species belonging to Prevotella, Paraprevotella, and Ruminococcus were more abundant in the A group prior to weaning compared to the P group, suggesting that the gut microbiota in the A cohort was better adapted to weaning. 28790932 8 9 from Streptococcus 1283:1295 arg1 hand 1311:1314 the other hand 1301:1314 the other hand 1301:1314 Streptococcus, on the other hand, showed the opposite pattern after weaning. 28790932 4 10 theme prior 706:710 arg1 week 701:704 the fourth week 690:704 the fourth week prior to weaning 690:721 In the P method, mares were separated from foals at progressively increasing intervals every day, starting from five min during the fourth week prior to weaning and ending with 6 h during the last week before weaning. 28790932 2 11 from effect 290:295 arg1 composition 337:347 the composition 333:347 the composition of gut microbiota across time 333:377 Given the importance of the interaction between the gut-brain axis and gut microbiota under stress, we evaluated (i) the effect of two different weaning methods on the composition of gut microbiota across time and (ii) how the shifts of gut microbiota composition after weaning affect the host. 28790932 11 12 theme telomere 1901:1908 arg1 length 1910:1915 telomere length 1901:1915 telomere length 1901:1915 were negatively correlated with salivary cortisol levels, but positively correlated with telomere length and N-butyrate production. 28790932 3 13 theme foals 478:482 arg1 total 466:470 A total 464:470 A total of 34 foals 464:482 A total of 34 foals were randomly subjected to a progressive (P) or an abrupt (A) weaning method. 28790932 4 14 theme last 754:757 arg1 week 759:762 the last week 750:762 the last week before weaning 750:777 In the P method, mares were separated from foals at progressively increasing intervals every day, starting from five min during the fourth week prior to weaning and ending with 6 h during the last week before weaning. 28790932 13 15 theme community 2045:2053 arg1 type 2055:2058 community type 2 2045:2060 community type 2 2045:2060 Therefore, community type 2 is likely to confer better stress response adaptation following weaning. 28790932 3 16 dep progressive 513:523 arg1 method 554:559 weaning method 546:559 weaning method 546:559 A total of 34 foals were randomly subjected to a progressive (P) or an abrupt (A) weaning method. 28790932 9 17 theme microbiota 1617:1626 arg1 composition 1594:1604 the composition 1590:1604 the composition of the gut microbiota in all foals 1590:1639 Fungal loads, which are thought to increase the capacity for fermenting the complex polysaccharides from diet, were higher in P relative to A. Beyond the effects of weaning methods, maternal separation at weaning markedly shifted the composition of the gut microbiota in all foals, which fell into three distinct community types at 3 days post-weaning. 28790932 11 18 theme N-butyrate 1921:1930 arg1 production 1932:1941 N-butyrate production 1921:1941 N-butyrate production 1921:1941 were negatively correlated with salivary cortisol levels, but positively correlated with telomere length and N-butyrate production. 28790932 9 19 dep higher 1476:1481 arg1 shifted 1582:1588 shifted 1582:1588 shifted 1582:1588 Fungal loads, which are thought to increase the capacity for fermenting the complex polysaccharides from diet, were higher in P relative to A. Beyond the effects of weaning methods, maternal separation at weaning markedly shifted the composition of the gut microbiota in all foals, which fell into three distinct community types at 3 days post-weaning. 28790932 12 20 theme daily 1952:1956 arg1 gain 1958:1961 Average daily gain 1944:1961 Average daily gain 1944:1961 Average daily gain was also greater in the foals harboring a community type 2 microbiota. 28790932 2 21 theme gut-brain 221:229 arg1 axis 231:234 the gut-brain axis 217:234 the gut-brain axis 217:234 Given the importance of the interaction between the gut-brain axis and gut microbiota under stress, we evaluated (i) the effect of two different weaning methods on the composition of gut microbiota across time and (ii) how the shifts of gut microbiota composition after weaning affect the host. 28790932 11 22 theme cortisol 1853:1860 arg1 levels 1862:1867 salivary cortisol levels 1844:1867 salivary cortisol levels 1844:1867 were negatively correlated with salivary cortisol levels, but positively correlated with telomere length and N-butyrate production. 28790932 12 23 theme type 2015:2018 arg1 microbiota 2022:2031 a community type 2 microbiota 2003:2031 a community type 2 microbiota 2003:2031 Average daily gain was also greater in the foals harboring a community type 2 microbiota. 28790932 1 24 theme most 124:127 arg1 events 139:144 the most stressful events 120:144 the most stressful events in the life of horses 120:166 Weaning has been described as one of the most stressful events in the life of horses. 28790932 0 25 theme Horse 65:69 arg1 Physiology 71:80 Horse Physiology 65:80 Horse Physiology 65:80 The Effects of Weaning Methods on Gut Microbiota Composition and Horse Physiology. 28790932 2 26 dep ii 384:385 arg1 affect 447:452 affect 447:452 affect the host 447:461 Given the importance of the interaction between the gut-brain axis and gut microbiota under stress, we evaluated (i) the effect of two different weaning methods on the composition of gut microbiota across time and (ii) how the shifts of gut microbiota composition after weaning affect the host. 28790932 4 27 from intervals 639:647 arg1 day 655:657 every day 649:657 every day 649:657 In the P method, mares were separated from foals at progressively increasing intervals every day, starting from five min during the fourth week prior to weaning and ending with 6 h during the last week before weaning. 28790932 1 28 theme events 139:144 arg1 one 113:115 one 113:115 one 113:115 Weaning has been described as one of the most stressful events in the life of horses. 28790932 1 28 theme events 139:144 arg1 Weaning 83:89 Weaning 83:89 Weaning 83:89 Weaning has been described as one of the most stressful events in the life of horses. 28790932 1 28 theme events 139:144 arg1 events 139:144 the most stressful events 120:144 the most stressful events in the life of horses 120:166 Weaning has been described as one of the most stressful events in the life of horses. 28790932 9 29 theme community 1673:1681 arg1 types 1683:1687 three distinct community types 1658:1687 three distinct community types 1658:1687 Fungal loads, which are thought to increase the capacity for fermenting the complex polysaccharides from diet, were higher in P relative to A. Beyond the effects of weaning methods, maternal separation at weaning markedly shifted the composition of the gut microbiota in all foals, which fell into three distinct community types at 3 days post-weaning. 28790932 10 30 from genera 1718:1723 arg1 type 1738:1741 community type 2 1728:1743 community type 2 1728:1743 Most genera in community type 2 (i.e., Eubacterium, Coprococcus, Clostridium XI, and Blautia spp.) 28790932 6 31 theme host 868:871 arg1 phenotypes 873:882 Different host phenotypes 858:882 Different host phenotypes 858:882 Different host phenotypes and gut microbiota composition were studied across 6 age strata (days -30, 0, 3, 5, 7, and 30 after weaning) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 28790932 2 32 theme microbiota 410:419 arg1 composition 421:431 gut microbiota composition 406:431 gut microbiota composition after weaning 406:445 Given the importance of the interaction between the gut-brain axis and gut microbiota under stress, we evaluated (i) the effect of two different weaning methods on the composition of gut microbiota across time and (ii) how the shifts of gut microbiota composition after weaning affect the host. 28790932 2 33 theme methods 322:328 arg1 effect 290:295 the effect 286:295 (i) the effect of two different weaning methods on the composition of gut microbiota across time 282:377 Given the importance of the interaction between the gut-brain axis and gut microbiota under stress, we evaluated (i) the effect of two different weaning methods on the composition of gut microbiota across time and (ii) how the shifts of gut microbiota composition after weaning affect the host. 28790932 9 34 theme Fungal 1360:1365 arg1 loads 1367:1371 Fungal loads 1360:1371 Fungal loads 1360:1371 Fungal loads, which are thought to increase the capacity for fermenting the complex polysaccharides from diet, were higher in P relative to A. Beyond the effects of weaning methods, maternal separation at weaning markedly shifted the composition of the gut microbiota in all foals, which fell into three distinct community types at 3 days post-weaning. 28790932 7 35 theme beneficial 1048:1057 arg1 species 1059:1065 the beneficial species 1044:1065 the beneficial species belonging to Prevotella, Paraprevotella, and Ruminococcus 1044:1123 Results revealed that the beneficial species belonging to Prevotella, Paraprevotella, and Ruminococcus were more abundant in the A group prior to weaning compared to the P group, suggesting that the gut microbiota in the A cohort was better adapted to weaning. 28790932 7 35 theme beneficial 1048:1057 arg1 abundant 1135:1142 abundant 1135:1142 abundant 1135:1142 Results revealed that the beneficial species belonging to Prevotella, Paraprevotella, and Ruminococcus were more abundant in the A group prior to weaning compared to the P group, suggesting that the gut microbiota in the A cohort was better adapted to weaning. 28790932 9 36 theme relative 1488:1495 arg1 P 1486:1486 P 1486:1486 P relative to A. 1486:1501 Fungal loads, which are thought to increase the capacity for fermenting the complex polysaccharides from diet, were higher in P relative to A. Beyond the effects of weaning methods, maternal separation at weaning markedly shifted the composition of the gut microbiota in all foals, which fell into three distinct community types at 3 days post-weaning. 28790932 2 37 theme microbiota 356:365 arg1 composition 337:347 the composition 333:347 the composition of gut microbiota across time 333:377 Given the importance of the interaction between the gut-brain axis and gut microbiota under stress, we evaluated (i) the effect of two different weaning methods on the composition of gut microbiota across time and (ii) how the shifts of gut microbiota composition after weaning affect the host. 28790932 0 38 theme Methods 23:29 arg1 Effects 4:10 The Effects 0:10 The Effects of Weaning Methods on Gut Microbiota Composition and Horse Physiology 0:80 The Effects of Weaning Methods on Gut Microbiota Composition and Horse Physiology. 28790932 9 39 from diet 1465:1468 arg1 polysaccharides 1444:1458 the complex polysaccharides 1432:1458 fermenting the complex polysaccharides from diet 1421:1468 Fungal loads, which are thought to increase the capacity for fermenting the complex polysaccharides from diet, were higher in P relative to A. Beyond the effects of weaning methods, maternal separation at weaning markedly shifted the composition of the gut microbiota in all foals, which fell into three distinct community types at 3 days post-weaning. 28790932 2 40 theme gut 406:408 arg1 composition 421:431 gut microbiota composition 406:431 gut microbiota composition after weaning 406:445 Given the importance of the interaction between the gut-brain axis and gut microbiota under stress, we evaluated (i) the effect of two different weaning methods on the composition of gut microbiota across time and (ii) how the shifts of gut microbiota composition after weaning affect the host. 28790932 0 41 theme Gut 34:36 arg1 Composition 49:59 Gut Microbiota Composition 34:59 Gut Microbiota Composition 34:59 The Effects of Weaning Methods on Gut Microbiota Composition and Horse Physiology. 28790932 7 42 theme gut 1221:1223 arg1 microbiota 1225:1234 the gut microbiota 1217:1234 the gut microbiota in the A cohort 1217:1250 Results revealed that the beneficial species belonging to Prevotella, Paraprevotella, and Ruminococcus were more abundant in the A group prior to weaning compared to the P group, suggesting that the gut microbiota in the A cohort was better adapted to weaning. 28790932 10 43 theme community 1728:1736 arg1 type 1738:1741 community type 2 1728:1743 community type 2 1728:1743 Most genera in community type 2 (i.e., Eubacterium, Coprococcus, Clostridium XI, and Blautia spp.) 28790932 3 44 theme weaning 546:552 arg1 method 554:559 weaning method 546:559 weaning method 546:559 A total of 34 foals were randomly subjected to a progressive (P) or an abrupt (A) weaning method. 28790932 9 45 theme methods 1533:1539 arg1 effects 1514:1520 the effects 1510:1520 the effects of weaning methods 1510:1539 Fungal loads, which are thought to increase the capacity for fermenting the complex polysaccharides from diet, were higher in P relative to A. Beyond the effects of weaning methods, maternal separation at weaning markedly shifted the composition of the gut microbiota in all foals, which fell into three distinct community types at 3 days post-weaning. 28790932 2 46 theme different 304:312 arg1 methods 322:328 two different weaning methods 300:328 two different weaning methods 300:328 Given the importance of the interaction between the gut-brain axis and gut microbiota under stress, we evaluated (i) the effect of two different weaning methods on the composition of gut microbiota across time and (ii) how the shifts of gut microbiota composition after weaning affect the host. 28790932 10 47 dep Coprococcus 1765:1775 arg1 Eubacterium 1752:1762 Eubacterium 1752:1762 Eubacterium 1752:1762 Most genera in community type 2 (i.e., Eubacterium, Coprococcus, Clostridium XI, and Blautia spp.) 28790932 10 47 dep Coprococcus 1765:1775 arg1 i.e. 1746:1749 i.e. 1746:1749 i.e. 1746:1749 Most genera in community type 2 (i.e., Eubacterium, Coprococcus, Clostridium XI, and Blautia spp.) 28790932 6 48 theme microbiota 892:901 arg1 composition 903:913 gut microbiota composition 888:913 gut microbiota composition 888:913 Different host phenotypes and gut microbiota composition were studied across 6 age strata (days -30, 0, 3, 5, 7, and 30 after weaning) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 28790932 9 49 theme maternal 1542:1549 arg1 separation 1551:1560 maternal separation 1542:1560 maternal separation at weaning 1542:1571 Fungal loads, which are thought to increase the capacity for fermenting the complex polysaccharides from diet, were higher in P relative to A. Beyond the effects of weaning methods, maternal separation at weaning markedly shifted the composition of the gut microbiota in all foals, which fell into three distinct community types at 3 days post-weaning. 28790932 8 50 theme other 1305:1309 arg1 hand 1311:1314 the other hand 1301:1314 the other hand 1301:1314 Streptococcus, on the other hand, showed the opposite pattern after weaning. 28790932 7 51 from microbiota 1225:1234 arg1 cohort 1245:1250 A cohort 1243:1250 the A cohort 1239:1250 Results revealed that the beneficial species belonging to Prevotella, Paraprevotella, and Ruminococcus were more abundant in the A group prior to weaning compared to the P group, suggesting that the gut microbiota in the A cohort was better adapted to weaning. 28790932 7 52 theme P 1192:1192 arg1 group 1194:1198 the P group 1188:1198 the P group 1188:1198 Results revealed that the beneficial species belonging to Prevotella, Paraprevotella, and Ruminococcus were more abundant in the A group prior to weaning compared to the P group, suggesting that the gut microbiota in the A cohort was better adapted to weaning. 28790932 6 53 theme rRNA 1000:1003 arg1 sequencing 1010:1019 16S rRNA gene sequencing 996:1019 16S rRNA gene sequencing 996:1019 Different host phenotypes and gut microbiota composition were studied across 6 age strata (days -30, 0, 3, 5, 7, and 30 after weaning) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 28790932 9 54 from weaning 1565:1571 arg1 separation 1551:1560 maternal separation 1542:1560 maternal separation at weaning 1542:1571 Fungal loads, which are thought to increase the capacity for fermenting the complex polysaccharides from diet, were higher in P relative to A. Beyond the effects of weaning methods, maternal separation at weaning markedly shifted the composition of the gut microbiota in all foals, which fell into three distinct community types at 3 days post-weaning. 28790932 12 55 theme community 2005:2013 arg1 microbiota 2022:2031 a community type 2 microbiota 2003:2031 a community type 2 microbiota 2003:2031 Average daily gain was also greater in the foals harboring a community type 2 microbiota. 28790932 2 56 theme gut 240:242 arg1 microbiota 244:253 gut microbiota 240:253 gut microbiota under stress 240:266 Given the importance of the interaction between the gut-brain axis and gut microbiota under stress, we evaluated (i) the effect of two different weaning methods on the composition of gut microbiota across time and (ii) how the shifts of gut microbiota composition after weaning affect the host. 28790932 3 57 theme 34 475:476 arg1 foals 478:482 34 foals 475:482 34 foals 475:482 A total of 34 foals were randomly subjected to a progressive (P) or an abrupt (A) weaning method. 28790932 12 58 theme Average 1944:1950 arg1 gain 1958:1961 Average daily gain 1944:1961 Average daily gain 1944:1961 Average daily gain was also greater in the foals harboring a community type 2 microbiota. 28790932 14 59 theme microbial 2167:2175 arg1 biomarkers 2177:2186 potential microbial biomarkers 2157:2186 potential microbial biomarkers that could predict the likelihood for physiological adaptations to weaning in horses 2157:2271 This study identified potential microbial biomarkers that could predict the likelihood for physiological adaptations to weaning in horses, although causality remains to be addressed. 28790932 1 60 theme horses 161:166 arg1 life 153:156 the life 149:156 the life of horses 149:166 Weaning has been described as one of the most stressful events in the life of horses. 28790932 6 61 theme age 937:939 arg1 days 949:952 days -30, 0, 3, 5, 7, and 30 after weaning 949:990 days -30, 0, 3, 5, 7, and 30 after weaning 949:990 Different host phenotypes and gut microbiota composition were studied across 6 age strata (days -30, 0, 3, 5, 7, and 30 after weaning) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 28790932 6 61 theme age 937:939 arg1 strata 941:946 6 age strata 935:946 6 age strata (days -30, 0, 3, 5, 7, and 30 after weaning) 935:991 Different host phenotypes and gut microbiota composition were studied across 6 age strata (days -30, 0, 3, 5, 7, and 30 after weaning) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 28790932 9 62 theme gut 1613:1615 arg1 microbiota 1617:1626 the gut microbiota 1609:1626 the gut microbiota 1609:1626 Fungal loads, which are thought to increase the capacity for fermenting the complex polysaccharides from diet, were higher in P relative to A. Beyond the effects of weaning methods, maternal separation at weaning markedly shifted the composition of the gut microbiota in all foals, which fell into three distinct community types at 3 days post-weaning. 28790932 2 63 theme interaction 197:207 arg1 importance 179:188 the importance 175:188 the importance of the interaction between the gut-brain axis and gut microbiota under stress 175:266 Given the importance of the interaction between the gut-brain axis and gut microbiota under stress, we evaluated (i) the effect of two different weaning methods on the composition of gut microbiota across time and (ii) how the shifts of gut microbiota composition after weaning affect the host. 28790932 13 64 theme better 2082:2087 arg1 adaptation 2105:2114 better stress response adaptation 2082:2114 better stress response adaptation 2082:2114 Therefore, community type 2 is likely to confer better stress response adaptation following weaning. 28790932 4 65 theme P 569:569 arg1 method 571:576 the P method 565:576 the P method 565:576 In the P method, mares were separated from foals at progressively increasing intervals every day, starting from five min during the fourth week prior to weaning and ending with 6 h during the last week before weaning. 28790932 13 66 theme response 2096:2103 arg1 adaptation 2105:2114 better stress response adaptation 2082:2114 better stress response adaptation 2082:2114 Therefore, community type 2 is likely to confer better stress response adaptation following weaning. 28790932 9 67 dep shifted 1582:1588 arg1 fell 1648:1651 fell 1648:1651 fell into three distinct community types at 3 days post-weaning 1648:1710 Fungal loads, which are thought to increase the capacity for fermenting the complex polysaccharides from diet, were higher in P relative to A. Beyond the effects of weaning methods, maternal separation at weaning markedly shifted the composition of the gut microbiota in all foals, which fell into three distinct community types at 3 days post-weaning. 28790932 10 68 theme Clostridium 1778:1788 arg1 XI 1790:1791 Clostridium XI 1778:1791 Clostridium XI 1778:1791 Most genera in community type 2 (i.e., Eubacterium, Coprococcus, Clostridium XI, and Blautia spp.) 28790932 7 69 from abundant 1135:1142 arg1 group 1153:1157 the A group 1147:1157 the A group prior to weaning compared to the P group 1147:1198 Results revealed that the beneficial species belonging to Prevotella, Paraprevotella, and Ruminococcus were more abundant in the A group prior to weaning compared to the P group, suggesting that the gut microbiota in the A cohort was better adapted to weaning. 28790932 9 70 theme fermenting 1421:1430 arg1 polysaccharides 1444:1458 the complex polysaccharides 1432:1458 fermenting the complex polysaccharides from diet 1421:1468 Fungal loads, which are thought to increase the capacity for fermenting the complex polysaccharides from diet, were higher in P relative to A. Beyond the effects of weaning methods, maternal separation at weaning markedly shifted the composition of the gut microbiota in all foals, which fell into three distinct community types at 3 days post-weaning. 28790932 9 71 from composition 1594:1604 arg1 foals 1635:1639 all foals 1631:1639 all foals 1631:1639 Fungal loads, which are thought to increase the capacity for fermenting the complex polysaccharides from diet, were higher in P relative to A. Beyond the effects of weaning methods, maternal separation at weaning markedly shifted the composition of the gut microbiota in all foals, which fell into three distinct community types at 3 days post-weaning. 28790932 9 72 theme complex 1436:1442 arg1 polysaccharides 1444:1458 the complex polysaccharides 1432:1458 fermenting the complex polysaccharides from diet 1421:1468 Fungal loads, which are thought to increase the capacity for fermenting the complex polysaccharides from diet, were higher in P relative to A. Beyond the effects of weaning methods, maternal separation at weaning markedly shifted the composition of the gut microbiota in all foals, which fell into three distinct community types at 3 days post-weaning. 28790932 1 73 theme stressful 129:137 arg1 events 139:144 the most stressful events 120:144 the most stressful events in the life of horses 120:166 Weaning has been described as one of the most stressful events in the life of horses. 28790932 7 74 from group 1153:1157 arg1 species 1059:1065 the beneficial species 1044:1065 the beneficial species belonging to Prevotella, Paraprevotella, and Ruminococcus 1044:1123 Results revealed that the beneficial species belonging to Prevotella, Paraprevotella, and Ruminococcus were more abundant in the A group prior to weaning compared to the P group, suggesting that the gut microbiota in the A cohort was better adapted to weaning. 28790932 7 74 from group 1153:1157 arg1 abundant 1135:1142 abundant 1135:1142 abundant 1135:1142 Results revealed that the beneficial species belonging to Prevotella, Paraprevotella, and Ruminococcus were more abundant in the A group prior to weaning compared to the P group, suggesting that the gut microbiota in the A cohort was better adapted to weaning. 28790932 14 75 theme physiological 2226:2238 arg1 adaptations 2240:2250 physiological adaptations 2226:2250 physiological adaptations to weaning 2226:2261 This study identified potential microbial biomarkers that could predict the likelihood for physiological adaptations to weaning in horses, although causality remains to be addressed. 28790932 11 76 theme salivary 1844:1851 arg1 levels 1862:1867 salivary cortisol levels 1844:1867 salivary cortisol levels 1844:1867 were negatively correlated with salivary cortisol levels, but positively correlated with telomere length and N-butyrate production. 28790932 0 77 from Effects 4:10 arg1 Composition 49:59 Gut Microbiota Composition 34:59 Gut Microbiota Composition 34:59 The Effects of Weaning Methods on Gut Microbiota Composition and Horse Physiology. 28790932 0 77 from Effects 4:10 arg1 Physiology 71:80 Horse Physiology 65:80 Horse Physiology 65:80 The Effects of Weaning Methods on Gut Microbiota Composition and Horse Physiology. 28790932 9 78 theme distinct 1664:1671 arg1 types 1683:1687 three distinct community types 1658:1687 three distinct community types 1658:1687 Fungal loads, which are thought to increase the capacity for fermenting the complex polysaccharides from diet, were higher in P relative to A. Beyond the effects of weaning methods, maternal separation at weaning markedly shifted the composition of the gut microbiota in all foals, which fell into three distinct community types at 3 days post-weaning. 28790932 1 79 from events 139:144 arg1 life 153:156 the life 149:156 the life of horses 149:166 Weaning has been described as one of the most stressful events in the life of horses. 28790932 5 80 theme A 787:787 arg1 method 789:794 the A method 783:794 the A method 783:794 In the A method, mares and foals were never separated prior to weaning (0 d). 28790932 2 81 dep effect 290:295 arg1 i 283:283 i 283:283 i 283:283 Given the importance of the interaction between the gut-brain axis and gut microbiota under stress, we evaluated (i) the effect of two different weaning methods on the composition of gut microbiota across time and (ii) how the shifts of gut microbiota composition after weaning affect the host. 28790932 2 82 theme composition 421:431 arg1 shifts 396:401 the shifts 392:401 the shifts of gut microbiota composition after weaning 392:445 Given the importance of the interaction between the gut-brain axis and gut microbiota under stress, we evaluated (i) the effect of two different weaning methods on the composition of gut microbiota across time and (ii) how the shifts of gut microbiota composition after weaning affect the host. 28790932 4 83 theme increasing 628:637 arg1 intervals 639:647 progressively increasing intervals 614:647 progressively increasing intervals 614:647 In the P method, mares were separated from foals at progressively increasing intervals every day, starting from five min during the fourth week prior to weaning and ending with 6 h during the last week before weaning. 28790932 6 84 theme Different 858:866 arg1 phenotypes 873:882 Different host phenotypes 858:882 Different host phenotypes 858:882 Different host phenotypes and gut microbiota composition were studied across 6 age strata (days -30, 0, 3, 5, 7, and 30 after weaning) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 28790932 9 85 theme post-weaning 1699:1710 arg1 days 1694:1697 3 days post-weaning 1692:1710 3 days post-weaning 1692:1710 Fungal loads, which are thought to increase the capacity for fermenting the complex polysaccharides from diet, were higher in P relative to A. Beyond the effects of weaning methods, maternal separation at weaning markedly shifted the composition of the gut microbiota in all foals, which fell into three distinct community types at 3 days post-weaning. 28790932 2 86 theme weaning 314:320 arg1 methods 322:328 two different weaning methods 300:328 two different weaning methods 300:328 Given the importance of the interaction between the gut-brain axis and gut microbiota under stress, we evaluated (i) the effect of two different weaning methods on the composition of gut microbiota across time and (ii) how the shifts of gut microbiota composition after weaning affect the host. 28790932 0 87 theme Weaning 15:21 arg1 Methods 23:29 Weaning Methods 15:29 Weaning Methods 15:29 The Effects of Weaning Methods on Gut Microbiota Composition and Horse Physiology. 28790932 2 88 theme gut 352:354 arg1 microbiota 356:365 gut microbiota 352:365 gut microbiota 352:365 Given the importance of the interaction between the gut-brain axis and gut microbiota under stress, we evaluated (i) the effect of two different weaning methods on the composition of gut microbiota across time and (ii) how the shifts of gut microbiota composition after weaning affect the host. 28790932 0 89 theme Microbiota 38:47 arg1 Composition 49:59 Gut Microbiota Composition 34:59 Gut Microbiota Composition 34:59 The Effects of Weaning Methods on Gut Microbiota Composition and Horse Physiology. 28790932 14 90 theme potential 2157:2165 arg1 biomarkers 2177:2186 potential microbial biomarkers 2157:2186 potential microbial biomarkers that could predict the likelihood for physiological adaptations to weaning in horses 2157:2271 This study identified potential microbial biomarkers that could predict the likelihood for physiological adaptations to weaning in horses, although causality remains to be addressed. 28790932 9 91 theme weaning 1525:1531 arg1 methods 1533:1539 weaning methods 1525:1539 weaning methods 1525:1539 Fungal loads, which are thought to increase the capacity for fermenting the complex polysaccharides from diet, were higher in P relative to A. Beyond the effects of weaning methods, maternal separation at weaning markedly shifted the composition of the gut microbiota in all foals, which fell into three distinct community types at 3 days post-weaning. 28790932 10 92 theme Most 1713:1716 arg1 genera 1718:1723 Most genera 1713:1723 Most genera in community type 2 (i.e., Eubacterium, Coprococcus, Clostridium XI, and Blautia spp.) 1713:1810 Most genera in community type 2 (i.e., Eubacterium, Coprococcus, Clostridium XI, and Blautia spp.) 24286390 0 0 theme pectin 41:46 arg1 matrix 48:53 the pectin matrix 37:53 the pectin matrix 37:53 Jasmonate-dependent modifications of the pectin matrix during potato development function as a defense mechanism targeted by Dickeya dadantii virulence factors. 24286390 4 1 theme first 592:596 arg1 step 608:611 the first committed step 588:611 the first committed step towards biosynthesis of JAs 588:639 The enzyme 13-allene oxide synthase (13-AOS) catalyzes the first committed step towards biosynthesis of JAs. 24286390 11 2 theme virulence 1847:1855 arg1 factors 1857:1863 pectinolytic virulence factors 1834:1863 pectinolytic virulence factors from D. dadantii 1834:1880 These results suggest that, during development of potato plants, JAs mediate modification of the pectin matrix to form a defensive barrier that is counteracted by pectinolytic virulence factors from D. dadantii. 24286390 6 3 theme 13-AOS 891:896 arg1 enzymes 898:904 functional 13-AOS enzymes 880:904 functional 13-AOS enzymes 880:904 We also determine that both genes complement an Arabidopsis aos null mutant, indicating that they encode functional 13-AOS enzymes. 24286390 6 3 theme 13-AOS 891:896 arg1 they 868:871 they 868:871 they 868:871 We also determine that both genes complement an Arabidopsis aos null mutant, indicating that they encode functional 13-AOS enzymes. 24286390 7 4 theme increased 1094:1102 arg1 severity 1104:1111 an increased severity 1091:1111 an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii 1091:1167 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 9 5 theme pectin 1405:1410 arg1 activity 1428:1435 pectin methyl esterase activity 1405:1435 pectin methyl esterase activity 1405:1435 In line with this, we found differences in pectin methyl esterase activity and cell-wall pectin composition between wild-type and CoAOS1/2 plants. 24286390 10 6 with pectins 1543:1549 arg1 degree 1564:1569 a lower degree 1556:1569 a lower degree of methyl esterification 1556:1594 Importantly, wild-type plants had pectins with a lower degree of methyl esterification, which are the substrates of the pectate lyases mutated in the pel strain. 24286390 10 7 theme pectate 1629:1635 arg1 lyases 1637:1642 the pectate lyases 1625:1642 the pectate lyases mutated in the pel strain 1625:1668 Importantly, wild-type plants had pectins with a lower degree of methyl esterification, which are the substrates of the pectate lyases mutated in the pel strain. 24286390 9 8 theme esterase 1419:1426 arg1 activity 1428:1435 pectin methyl esterase activity 1405:1435 pectin methyl esterase activity 1405:1435 In line with this, we found differences in pectin methyl esterase activity and cell-wall pectin composition between wild-type and CoAOS1/2 plants. 24286390 8 9 theme major 1239:1243 arg1 lyases 1253:1258 the five major pectate lyases 1230:1258 the five major pectate lyases 1230:1258 Intriguingly, a hypovirulent D. dadantii pel strain lacking the five major pectate lyases, which causes limited tissue maceration on wild-type plants, regained infectivity in CoAOS1/2 plants. 24286390 11 10 theme matrix 1775:1780 arg1 modification 1748:1759 modification 1748:1759 modification of the pectin matrix to form a defensive barrier that is counteracted by pectinolytic virulence factors from D. dadantii 1748:1880 These results suggest that, during development of potato plants, JAs mediate modification of the pectin matrix to form a defensive barrier that is counteracted by pectinolytic virulence factors from D. dadantii. 24286390 1 11 theme essential 196:204 arg1 barrier 217:223 an essential protection barrier 193:223 an essential protection barrier against pathogen attack 193:247 The plant cell wall constitutes an essential protection barrier against pathogen attack. 24286390 10 12 theme methyl 1574:1579 arg1 esterification 1581:1594 methyl esterification 1574:1594 methyl esterification 1574:1594 Importantly, wild-type plants had pectins with a lower degree of methyl esterification, which are the substrates of the pectate lyases mutated in the pel strain. 24286390 7 13 theme wound-responsive 1053:1068 arg1 activation 1075:1084 wound-responsive gene activation 1053:1084 wound-responsive gene activation 1053:1084 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 9 14 theme pectin 1451:1456 arg1 composition 1458:1468 cell-wall pectin composition 1441:1468 cell-wall pectin composition 1441:1468 In line with this, we found differences in pectin methyl esterase activity and cell-wall pectin composition between wild-type and CoAOS1/2 plants. 24286390 8 15 theme D. dadantii 1199:1209 arg1 strain 1215:1220 a hypovirulent D. dadantii pel strain 1184:1220 a hypovirulent D. dadantii pel strain 1184:1220 Intriguingly, a hypovirulent D. dadantii pel strain lacking the five major pectate lyases, which causes limited tissue maceration on wild-type plants, regained infectivity in CoAOS1/2 plants. 24286390 11 16 theme defensive 1792:1800 arg1 barrier 1802:1808 a defensive barrier 1790:1808 a defensive barrier that is counteracted by pectinolytic virulence factors from D. dadantii 1790:1880 These results suggest that, during development of potato plants, JAs mediate modification of the pectin matrix to form a defensive barrier that is counteracted by pectinolytic virulence factors from D. dadantii. 24286390 0 17 theme virulence 142:150 arg1 factors 152:158 Dickeya dadantii virulence factors 125:158 Dickeya dadantii virulence factors 125:158 Jasmonate-dependent modifications of the pectin matrix during potato development function as a defense mechanism targeted by Dickeya dadantii virulence factors. 24286390 7 18 theme significant 997:1007 arg1 reduction 1009:1017 a significant reduction 995:1017 a significant reduction of JAs 995:1024 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 1 19 theme pathogen 233:240 arg1 attack 242:247 pathogen attack 233:247 pathogen attack 233:247 The plant cell wall constitutes an essential protection barrier against pathogen attack. 24286390 8 20 theme limited 1274:1280 arg1 maceration 1289:1298 limited tissue maceration 1274:1298 limited tissue maceration on wild-type plants 1274:1318 Intriguingly, a hypovirulent D. dadantii pel strain lacking the five major pectate lyases, which causes limited tissue maceration on wild-type plants, regained infectivity in CoAOS1/2 plants. 24286390 11 21 theme plants 1728:1733 arg1 development 1706:1716 development 1706:1716 development of potato plants 1706:1733 These results suggest that, during development of potato plants, JAs mediate modification of the pectin matrix to form a defensive barrier that is counteracted by pectinolytic virulence factors from D. dadantii. 24286390 7 22 theme JAs 1022:1024 arg1 decrease 1041:1048 a concomitant decrease 1027:1048 a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation 1027:1084 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 7 22 theme JAs 1022:1024 arg1 severity 1104:1111 an increased severity 1091:1111 an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii 1091:1167 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 7 22 theme JAs 1022:1024 arg1 reduction 1009:1017 a significant reduction 995:1017 a significant reduction of JAs 995:1024 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 8 23 theme wild-type 1303:1311 arg1 plants 1313:1318 wild-type plants 1303:1318 wild-type plants 1303:1318 Intriguingly, a hypovirulent D. dadantii pel strain lacking the five major pectate lyases, which causes limited tissue maceration on wild-type plants, regained infectivity in CoAOS1/2 plants. 24286390 5 24 theme putative 687:694 arg1 genes 705:709 two putative St13-AOS genes 683:709 two putative St13-AOS genes 683:709 In potato (Solanum tuberosum), there are two putative St13-AOS genes, which we show here to be differentially induced upon wounding. 24286390 7 25 theme St13-AOS 953:960 arg1 lines 978:982 CoAOS1/2 lines 969:982 CoAOS1/2 lines 969:982 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 7 25 theme St13-AOS 953:960 arg1 genes 962:966 both St13-AOS genes 948:966 both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) 948:983 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 1 26 theme cell 171:174 arg1 wall 176:179 The plant cell wall 161:179 The plant cell wall 161:179 The plant cell wall constitutes an essential protection barrier against pathogen attack. 24286390 0 27 theme defense 95:101 arg1 mechanism 103:111 a defense mechanism 93:111 a defense mechanism targeted by Dickeya dadantii virulence factors 93:158 Jasmonate-dependent modifications of the pectin matrix during potato development function as a defense mechanism targeted by Dickeya dadantii virulence factors. 24286390 0 27 theme defense 95:101 arg1 modifications 20:32 Jasmonate-dependent modifications 0:32 Jasmonate-dependent modifications of the pectin matrix during potato development 0:79 Jasmonate-dependent modifications of the pectin matrix during potato development function as a defense mechanism targeted by Dickeya dadantii virulence factors. 24286390 10 28 contain had 1539:1541 arg1 plants 1532:1537 wild-type plants 1522:1537 wild-type plants 1522:1537 Importantly, wild-type plants had pectins with a lower degree of methyl esterification, which are the substrates of the pectate lyases mutated in the pel strain. 24286390 10 28 contain had 1539:1541 arg2 substrates 1611:1620 the substrates 1607:1620 the substrates of the pectate lyases mutated in the pel strain 1607:1668 Importantly, wild-type plants had pectins with a lower degree of methyl esterification, which are the substrates of the pectate lyases mutated in the pel strain. 24286390 10 28 contain had 1539:1541 arg2 pectins 1543:1549 pectins 1543:1549 pectins 1543:1549 Importantly, wild-type plants had pectins with a lower degree of methyl esterification, which are the substrates of the pectate lyases mutated in the pel strain. 24286390 8 29 theme CoAOS1/2 1345:1352 arg1 plants 1354:1359 CoAOS1/2 plants 1345:1359 CoAOS1/2 plants 1345:1359 Intriguingly, a hypovirulent D. dadantii pel strain lacking the five major pectate lyases, which causes limited tissue maceration on wild-type plants, regained infectivity in CoAOS1/2 plants. 24286390 2 30 theme responses 403:411 arg1 activation 365:374 activation 365:374 activation of plant inducible defense responses 365:411 In addition, cell-wall disruption leads to accumulation of jasmonates (JAs), which are key signaling molecules for activation of plant inducible defense responses. 24286390 0 31 theme matrix 48:53 arg1 mechanism 103:111 a defense mechanism 93:111 a defense mechanism targeted by Dickeya dadantii virulence factors 93:158 Jasmonate-dependent modifications of the pectin matrix during potato development function as a defense mechanism targeted by Dickeya dadantii virulence factors. 24286390 0 31 theme matrix 48:53 arg1 modifications 20:32 Jasmonate-dependent modifications 0:32 Jasmonate-dependent modifications of the pectin matrix during potato development 0:79 Jasmonate-dependent modifications of the pectin matrix during potato development function as a defense mechanism targeted by Dickeya dadantii virulence factors. 24286390 7 32 theme potato 926:931 arg1 plants 933:938 transgenic potato plants 915:938 transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) 915:983 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 2 33 theme inducible 385:393 arg1 responses 403:411 plant inducible defense responses 379:411 plant inducible defense responses 379:411 In addition, cell-wall disruption leads to accumulation of jasmonates (JAs), which are key signaling molecules for activation of plant inducible defense responses. 24286390 0 34 theme Jasmonate-dependent 0:18 arg1 mechanism 103:111 a defense mechanism 93:111 a defense mechanism targeted by Dickeya dadantii virulence factors 93:158 Jasmonate-dependent modifications of the pectin matrix during potato development function as a defense mechanism targeted by Dickeya dadantii virulence factors. 24286390 0 34 theme Jasmonate-dependent 0:18 arg1 modifications 20:32 Jasmonate-dependent modifications 0:32 Jasmonate-dependent modifications of the pectin matrix during potato development 0:79 Jasmonate-dependent modifications of the pectin matrix during potato development function as a defense mechanism targeted by Dickeya dadantii virulence factors. 24286390 5 35 dep potato 645:650 arg1 tuberosum 661:669 Solanum tuberosum 653:669 Solanum tuberosum 653:669 In potato (Solanum tuberosum), there are two putative St13-AOS genes, which we show here to be differentially induced upon wounding. 24286390 7 36 theme symptoms 1133:1140 arg1 decrease 1041:1048 a concomitant decrease 1027:1048 a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation 1027:1084 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 7 36 theme symptoms 1133:1140 arg1 severity 1104:1111 an increased severity 1091:1111 an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii 1091:1167 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 7 36 theme symptoms 1133:1140 arg1 reduction 1009:1017 a significant reduction 995:1017 a significant reduction of JAs 995:1024 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 9 37 from differences 1390:1400 arg1 activity 1428:1435 pectin methyl esterase activity 1405:1435 pectin methyl esterase activity 1405:1435 In line with this, we found differences in pectin methyl esterase activity and cell-wall pectin composition between wild-type and CoAOS1/2 plants. 24286390 9 37 from differences 1390:1400 arg1 composition 1458:1468 cell-wall pectin composition 1441:1468 cell-wall pectin composition 1441:1468 In line with this, we found differences in pectin methyl esterase activity and cell-wall pectin composition between wild-type and CoAOS1/2 plants. 24286390 4 38 theme enzyme 537:542 arg1 13-AOS 570:575 13-AOS 570:575 13-AOS 570:575 The enzyme 13-allene oxide synthase (13-AOS) catalyzes the first committed step towards biosynthesis of JAs. 24286390 4 38 theme enzyme 537:542 arg1 synthase 560:567 The enzyme 13-allene oxide synthase 533:567 The enzyme 13-allene oxide synthase (13-AOS) 533:576 The enzyme 13-allene oxide synthase (13-AOS) catalyzes the first committed step towards biosynthesis of JAs. 24286390 10 39 theme wild-type 1522:1530 arg1 plants 1532:1537 wild-type plants 1522:1537 wild-type plants 1522:1537 Importantly, wild-type plants had pectins with a lower degree of methyl esterification, which are the substrates of the pectate lyases mutated in the pel strain. 24286390 3 40 theme defensive 498:506 arg1 barrier 508:514 this defensive barrier 493:514 this defensive barrier 493:514 However, whether JAs in return modulate the cell-wall composition to reinforce this defensive barrier remains unknown. 24286390 7 41 theme rot 1121:1123 arg1 symptoms 1133:1140 soft rot disease symptoms 1116:1140 soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii 1116:1167 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 6 42 theme aos 835:837 arg1 mutant 844:849 an Arabidopsis aos null mutant 820:849 an Arabidopsis aos null mutant 820:849 We also determine that both genes complement an Arabidopsis aos null mutant, indicating that they encode functional 13-AOS enzymes. 24286390 4 43 theme oxide 554:558 arg1 13-AOS 570:575 13-AOS 570:575 13-AOS 570:575 The enzyme 13-allene oxide synthase (13-AOS) catalyzes the first committed step towards biosynthesis of JAs. 24286390 4 43 theme oxide 554:558 arg1 synthase 560:567 The enzyme 13-allene oxide synthase 533:567 The enzyme 13-allene oxide synthase (13-AOS) 533:576 The enzyme 13-allene oxide synthase (13-AOS) catalyzes the first committed step towards biosynthesis of JAs. 24286390 7 44 theme soft 1116:1119 arg1 symptoms 1133:1140 soft rot disease symptoms 1116:1140 soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii 1116:1167 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 11 45 theme pectinolytic 1834:1845 arg1 factors 1857:1863 pectinolytic virulence factors 1834:1863 pectinolytic virulence factors from D. dadantii 1834:1880 These results suggest that, during development of potato plants, JAs mediate modification of the pectin matrix to form a defensive barrier that is counteracted by pectinolytic virulence factors from D. dadantii. 24286390 7 46 from decrease 1041:1048 arg1 activation 1075:1084 wound-responsive gene activation 1053:1084 wound-responsive gene activation 1053:1084 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 9 47 with line 1365:1368 arg1 this 1375:1378 this 1375:1378 this 1375:1378 In line with this, we found differences in pectin methyl esterase activity and cell-wall pectin composition between wild-type and CoAOS1/2 plants. 24286390 2 48 theme jasmonates 309:318 arg1 accumulation 293:304 accumulation 293:304 accumulation 293:304 In addition, cell-wall disruption leads to accumulation of jasmonates (JAs), which are key signaling molecules for activation of plant inducible defense responses. 24286390 2 48 theme jasmonates 309:318 arg1 molecules 351:359 key signaling molecules 337:359 key signaling molecules for activation of plant inducible defense responses 337:411 In addition, cell-wall disruption leads to accumulation of jasmonates (JAs), which are key signaling molecules for activation of plant inducible defense responses. 24286390 6 49 theme functional 880:889 arg1 enzymes 898:904 functional 13-AOS enzymes 880:904 functional 13-AOS enzymes 880:904 We also determine that both genes complement an Arabidopsis aos null mutant, indicating that they encode functional 13-AOS enzymes. 24286390 6 49 theme functional 880:889 arg1 they 868:871 they 868:871 they 868:871 We also determine that both genes complement an Arabidopsis aos null mutant, indicating that they encode functional 13-AOS enzymes. 24286390 4 50 theme committed 598:606 arg1 step 608:611 the first committed step 588:611 the first committed step towards biosynthesis of JAs 588:639 The enzyme 13-allene oxide synthase (13-AOS) catalyzes the first committed step towards biosynthesis of JAs. 24286390 10 51 theme lower 1558:1562 arg1 degree 1564:1569 a lower degree 1556:1569 a lower degree of methyl esterification 1556:1594 Importantly, wild-type plants had pectins with a lower degree of methyl esterification, which are the substrates of the pectate lyases mutated in the pel strain. 24286390 2 52 theme signaling 341:349 arg1 accumulation 293:304 accumulation 293:304 accumulation 293:304 In addition, cell-wall disruption leads to accumulation of jasmonates (JAs), which are key signaling molecules for activation of plant inducible defense responses. 24286390 2 52 theme signaling 341:349 arg1 molecules 351:359 key signaling molecules 337:359 key signaling molecules for activation of plant inducible defense responses 337:411 In addition, cell-wall disruption leads to accumulation of jasmonates (JAs), which are key signaling molecules for activation of plant inducible defense responses. 24286390 9 53 theme methyl 1412:1417 arg1 activity 1428:1435 pectin methyl esterase activity 1405:1435 pectin methyl esterase activity 1405:1435 In line with this, we found differences in pectin methyl esterase activity and cell-wall pectin composition between wild-type and CoAOS1/2 plants. 24286390 7 54 theme gene 1070:1073 arg1 activation 1075:1084 wound-responsive gene activation 1053:1084 wound-responsive gene activation 1053:1084 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 10 55 theme esterification 1581:1594 arg1 degree 1564:1569 a lower degree 1556:1569 a lower degree of methyl esterification 1556:1594 Importantly, wild-type plants had pectins with a lower degree of methyl esterification, which are the substrates of the pectate lyases mutated in the pel strain. 24286390 0 56 theme dadantii 133:140 arg1 factors 152:158 Dickeya dadantii virulence factors 125:158 Dickeya dadantii virulence factors 125:158 Jasmonate-dependent modifications of the pectin matrix during potato development function as a defense mechanism targeted by Dickeya dadantii virulence factors. 24286390 8 57 from maceration 1289:1298 arg1 plants 1313:1318 wild-type plants 1303:1318 wild-type plants 1303:1318 Intriguingly, a hypovirulent D. dadantii pel strain lacking the five major pectate lyases, which causes limited tissue maceration on wild-type plants, regained infectivity in CoAOS1/2 plants. 24286390 1 58 theme protection 206:215 arg1 barrier 217:223 an essential protection barrier 193:223 an essential protection barrier against pathogen attack 193:247 The plant cell wall constitutes an essential protection barrier against pathogen attack. 24286390 8 59 theme pectate 1245:1251 arg1 lyases 1253:1258 the five major pectate lyases 1230:1258 the five major pectate lyases 1230:1258 Intriguingly, a hypovirulent D. dadantii pel strain lacking the five major pectate lyases, which causes limited tissue maceration on wild-type plants, regained infectivity in CoAOS1/2 plants. 24286390 11 60 theme pectin 1768:1773 arg1 matrix 1775:1780 the pectin matrix 1764:1780 the pectin matrix 1764:1780 These results suggest that, during development of potato plants, JAs mediate modification of the pectin matrix to form a defensive barrier that is counteracted by pectinolytic virulence factors from D. dadantii. 24286390 7 61 theme concomitant 1029:1039 arg1 decrease 1041:1048 a concomitant decrease 1027:1048 a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation 1027:1084 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 8 62 theme hypovirulent 1186:1197 arg1 strain 1215:1220 a hypovirulent D. dadantii pel strain 1184:1220 a hypovirulent D. dadantii pel strain 1184:1220 Intriguingly, a hypovirulent D. dadantii pel strain lacking the five major pectate lyases, which causes limited tissue maceration on wild-type plants, regained infectivity in CoAOS1/2 plants. 24286390 7 63 from reduction 1009:1017 arg1 activation 1075:1084 wound-responsive gene activation 1053:1084 wound-responsive gene activation 1053:1084 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 8 64 theme pel 1211:1213 arg1 strain 1215:1220 a hypovirulent D. dadantii pel strain 1184:1220 a hypovirulent D. dadantii pel strain 1184:1220 Intriguingly, a hypovirulent D. dadantii pel strain lacking the five major pectate lyases, which causes limited tissue maceration on wild-type plants, regained infectivity in CoAOS1/2 plants. 24286390 5 65 theme St13-AOS 696:703 arg1 genes 705:709 two putative St13-AOS genes 683:709 two putative St13-AOS genes 683:709 In potato (Solanum tuberosum), there are two putative St13-AOS genes, which we show here to be differentially induced upon wounding. 24286390 9 66 theme CoAOS1/2 1492:1499 arg1 plants 1501:1506 CoAOS1/2 plants 1492:1506 CoAOS1/2 plants 1492:1506 In line with this, we found differences in pectin methyl esterase activity and cell-wall pectin composition between wild-type and CoAOS1/2 plants. 24286390 11 67 from D. dadantii 1870:1880 arg1 factors 1857:1863 pectinolytic virulence factors 1834:1863 pectinolytic virulence factors from D. dadantii 1834:1880 These results suggest that, during development of potato plants, JAs mediate modification of the pectin matrix to form a defensive barrier that is counteracted by pectinolytic virulence factors from D. dadantii. 24286390 8 68 theme tissue 1282:1287 arg1 maceration 1289:1298 limited tissue maceration 1274:1298 limited tissue maceration on wild-type plants 1274:1318 Intriguingly, a hypovirulent D. dadantii pel strain lacking the five major pectate lyases, which causes limited tissue maceration on wild-type plants, regained infectivity in CoAOS1/2 plants. 24286390 2 69 theme cell-wall 263:271 arg1 disruption 273:282 cell-wall disruption 263:282 cell-wall disruption 263:282 In addition, cell-wall disruption leads to accumulation of jasmonates (JAs), which are key signaling molecules for activation of plant inducible defense responses. 24286390 9 70 theme cell-wall 1441:1449 arg1 composition 1458:1468 cell-wall pectin composition 1441:1468 cell-wall pectin composition 1441:1468 In line with this, we found differences in pectin methyl esterase activity and cell-wall pectin composition between wild-type and CoAOS1/2 plants. 24286390 11 71 theme potato 1721:1726 arg1 plants 1728:1733 potato plants 1721:1733 potato plants 1721:1733 These results suggest that, during development of potato plants, JAs mediate modification of the pectin matrix to form a defensive barrier that is counteracted by pectinolytic virulence factors from D. dadantii. 24286390 7 72 theme CoAOS1/2 969:976 arg1 lines 978:982 CoAOS1/2 lines 969:982 CoAOS1/2 lines 969:982 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 7 72 theme CoAOS1/2 969:976 arg1 genes 962:966 both St13-AOS genes 948:966 both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) 948:983 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 1 73 theme plant 165:169 arg1 wall 176:179 The plant cell wall 161:179 The plant cell wall 161:179 The plant cell wall constitutes an essential protection barrier against pathogen attack. 24286390 0 74 theme Dickeya 125:131 arg1 factors 152:158 Dickeya dadantii virulence factors 125:158 Dickeya dadantii virulence factors 125:158 Jasmonate-dependent modifications of the pectin matrix during potato development function as a defense mechanism targeted by Dickeya dadantii virulence factors. 24286390 10 75 theme lyases 1637:1642 arg1 pectins 1543:1549 pectins 1543:1549 pectins 1543:1549 Importantly, wild-type plants had pectins with a lower degree of methyl esterification, which are the substrates of the pectate lyases mutated in the pel strain. 24286390 10 75 theme lyases 1637:1642 arg1 substrates 1611:1620 the substrates 1607:1620 the substrates of the pectate lyases mutated in the pel strain 1607:1668 Importantly, wild-type plants had pectins with a lower degree of methyl esterification, which are the substrates of the pectate lyases mutated in the pel strain. 24286390 2 76 theme plant 379:383 arg1 responses 403:411 plant inducible defense responses 379:411 plant inducible defense responses 379:411 In addition, cell-wall disruption leads to accumulation of jasmonates (JAs), which are key signaling molecules for activation of plant inducible defense responses. 24286390 7 77 theme transgenic 915:924 arg1 plants 933:938 transgenic potato plants 915:938 transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) 915:983 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 10 78 theme pel 1659:1661 arg1 strain 1663:1668 the pel strain 1655:1668 the pel strain 1655:1668 Importantly, wild-type plants had pectins with a lower degree of methyl esterification, which are the substrates of the pectate lyases mutated in the pel strain. 24286390 7 79 theme disease 1125:1131 arg1 symptoms 1133:1140 soft rot disease symptoms 1116:1140 soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii 1116:1167 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 4 80 theme 13-allene 544:552 arg1 13-AOS 570:575 13-AOS 570:575 13-AOS 570:575 The enzyme 13-allene oxide synthase (13-AOS) catalyzes the first committed step towards biosynthesis of JAs. 24286390 4 80 theme 13-allene 544:552 arg1 synthase 560:567 The enzyme 13-allene oxide synthase 533:567 The enzyme 13-allene oxide synthase (13-AOS) 533:576 The enzyme 13-allene oxide synthase (13-AOS) catalyzes the first committed step towards biosynthesis of JAs. 24286390 3 81 theme cell-wall 458:466 arg1 composition 468:478 the cell-wall composition 454:478 the cell-wall composition to reinforce this defensive barrier 454:514 However, whether JAs in return modulate the cell-wall composition to reinforce this defensive barrier remains unknown. 24286390 0 82 theme potato 62:67 arg1 development 69:79 potato development 62:79 potato development 62:79 Jasmonate-dependent modifications of the pectin matrix during potato development function as a defense mechanism targeted by Dickeya dadantii virulence factors. 24286390 6 83 theme null 839:842 arg1 mutant 844:849 an Arabidopsis aos null mutant 820:849 an Arabidopsis aos null mutant 820:849 We also determine that both genes complement an Arabidopsis aos null mutant, indicating that they encode functional 13-AOS enzymes. 24286390 7 84 from severity 1104:1111 arg1 activation 1075:1084 wound-responsive gene activation 1053:1084 wound-responsive gene activation 1053:1084 Indeed, transgenic potato plants lacking both St13-AOS genes (CoAOS1/2 lines) exhibited a significant reduction of JAs, a concomitant decrease in wound-responsive gene activation, and an increased severity of soft rot disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii. 24286390 2 85 theme key 337:339 arg1 accumulation 293:304 accumulation 293:304 accumulation 293:304 In addition, cell-wall disruption leads to accumulation of jasmonates (JAs), which are key signaling molecules for activation of plant inducible defense responses. 24286390 2 85 theme key 337:339 arg1 molecules 351:359 key signaling molecules 337:359 key signaling molecules for activation of plant inducible defense responses 337:411 In addition, cell-wall disruption leads to accumulation of jasmonates (JAs), which are key signaling molecules for activation of plant inducible defense responses. 24286390 6 86 theme Arabidopsis 823:833 arg1 mutant 844:849 an Arabidopsis aos null mutant 820:849 an Arabidopsis aos null mutant 820:849 We also determine that both genes complement an Arabidopsis aos null mutant, indicating that they encode functional 13-AOS enzymes. 24286390 3 87 from JAs 431:433 arg1 return 438:443 return 438:443 return 438:443 However, whether JAs in return modulate the cell-wall composition to reinforce this defensive barrier remains unknown. 24286390 8 88 from infectivity 1330:1340 arg1 plants 1354:1359 CoAOS1/2 plants 1345:1359 CoAOS1/2 plants 1345:1359 Intriguingly, a hypovirulent D. dadantii pel strain lacking the five major pectate lyases, which causes limited tissue maceration on wild-type plants, regained infectivity in CoAOS1/2 plants. 24286390 2 89 theme defense 395:401 arg1 responses 403:411 plant inducible defense responses 379:411 plant inducible defense responses 379:411 In addition, cell-wall disruption leads to accumulation of jasmonates (JAs), which are key signaling molecules for activation of plant inducible defense responses. 24286390 4 90 theme JAs 637:639 arg1 biosynthesis 621:632 biosynthesis 621:632 biosynthesis of JAs 621:639 The enzyme 13-allene oxide synthase (13-AOS) catalyzes the first committed step towards biosynthesis of JAs. 27129262 3 0 theme pentose 355:361 arg1 pathway 373:379 pentose phosphate pathway 355:379 pentose phosphate pathway 355:379 Several studies have been focused on the importance of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway. 27129262 11 1 theme cell 1283:1286 arg1 glycans 1296:1302 The cell surface glycans 1279:1302 The cell surface glycans 1279:1302 The cell surface glycans display an increase of sialylation α2-6, poly-LacNAc, and fucosylation, all known epitopes found in different tumor models. 27129262 8 2 theme glucose 902:908 arg1 metabolism 910:919 glucose metabolism 902:919 glucose metabolism during epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) 902:966 Here, we investigate the changes of glucose metabolism during epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the role of O-GlcNAcylation in this process. 27129262 7 3 theme altered 730:736 arg1 metabolism 738:747 the altered metabolism 726:747 the altered metabolism 726:747 Thus, HBP links the altered metabolism with aberrant glycosylation providing a mechanism for cancer cells to sense and respond to microenvironment changes. 27129262 3 4 theme phosphate 363:371 arg1 pathway 373:379 pentose phosphate pathway 355:379 pentose phosphate pathway 355:379 Several studies have been focused on the importance of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway. 27129262 11 5 theme poly-LacNAc 1345:1355 arg1 epitopes 1386:1393 all known epitopes 1376:1393 all known epitopes found in different tumor models 1376:1425 The cell surface glycans display an increase of sialylation α2-6, poly-LacNAc, and fucosylation, all known epitopes found in different tumor models. 27129262 11 5 theme poly-LacNAc 1345:1355 arg1 increase 1315:1322 an increase 1312:1322 an increase of sialylation α2-6, poly-LacNAc, and fucosylation 1312:1373 The cell surface glycans display an increase of sialylation α2-6, poly-LacNAc, and fucosylation, all known epitopes found in different tumor models. 27129262 11 6 theme surface 1288:1294 arg1 glycans 1296:1302 The cell surface glycans 1279:1302 The cell surface glycans 1279:1302 The cell surface glycans display an increase of sialylation α2-6, poly-LacNAc, and fucosylation, all known epitopes found in different tumor models. 27129262 4 7 theme glucose 432:438 arg1 metabolism 440:449 glucose metabolism 432:449 glucose metabolism 432:449 However, a neglected but very important branch of glucose metabolism is the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). 27129262 12 8 theme EMT 1515:1517 arg1 process 1519:1525 the EMT process 1511:1525 the EMT process 1511:1525 In addition, modulation of O-GlcNAc levels was demonstrated to be important during the EMT process. 27129262 11 9 theme different 1404:1412 arg1 models 1420:1425 different tumor models 1404:1425 different tumor models 1404:1425 The cell surface glycans display an increase of sialylation α2-6, poly-LacNAc, and fucosylation, all known epitopes found in different tumor models. 27129262 5 10 theme glucose 583:589 arg1 % 568:568 ∼2-5% 564:568 ∼2-5% of the total glucose 564:589 The HBP is a branch of the glucose metabolic pathway that consumes ∼2-5% of the total glucose, generating UDP-GlcNAc as the end product. 27129262 5 10 theme glucose 583:589 arg1 glucose 583:589 the total glucose 573:589 the total glucose 573:589 The HBP is a branch of the glucose metabolic pathway that consumes ∼2-5% of the total glucose, generating UDP-GlcNAc as the end product. 27129262 10 11 theme surface 1236:1242 arg1 glycosylation 1244:1256 an aberrant cell surface glycosylation 1219:1256 an aberrant cell surface glycosylation 1219:1256 The activation of HBP induces an aberrant cell surface glycosylation and O-GlcNAcylation. 27129262 13 12 theme applicable 1580:1589 arg1 EMT 1570:1572 EMT 1570:1572 EMT 1570:1572 Taken together, our results indicate that EMT is an applicable model to study metabolic and glycophenotype changes during carcinogenesis, suggesting that cell glycosylation senses metabolic changes and modulates cell plasticity. 27129262 13 12 theme applicable 1580:1589 arg1 model 1591:1595 an applicable model 1577:1595 an applicable model to study metabolic and glycophenotype changes during carcinogenesis 1577:1663 Taken together, our results indicate that EMT is an applicable model to study metabolic and glycophenotype changes during carcinogenesis, suggesting that cell glycosylation senses metabolic changes and modulates cell plasticity. 27129262 11 13 theme tumor 1414:1418 arg1 models 1420:1425 different tumor models 1404:1425 different tumor models 1404:1425 The cell surface glycans display an increase of sialylation α2-6, poly-LacNAc, and fucosylation, all known epitopes found in different tumor models. 27129262 9 14 theme phosphate 1130:1138 arg1 pathway 1140:1146 pentose phosphate pathway 1122:1146 pentose phosphate pathway 1122:1146 We show that A549 cells increase glucose uptake during EMT, but instead of increasing the glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, the glucose is shunted through the HBP. 27129262 11 15 theme known 1380:1384 arg1 epitopes 1386:1393 all known epitopes 1376:1393 all known epitopes found in different tumor models 1376:1425 The cell surface glycans display an increase of sialylation α2-6, poly-LacNAc, and fucosylation, all known epitopes found in different tumor models. 27129262 11 15 theme known 1380:1384 arg1 increase 1315:1322 an increase 1312:1322 an increase of sialylation α2-6, poly-LacNAc, and fucosylation 1312:1373 The cell surface glycans display an increase of sialylation α2-6, poly-LacNAc, and fucosylation, all known epitopes found in different tumor models. 27129262 8 16 theme O-GlcNAcylation 984:998 arg1 changes 891:897 the changes 887:897 the changes of glucose metabolism during epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) 887:966 Here, we investigate the changes of glucose metabolism during epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the role of O-GlcNAcylation in this process. 27129262 8 16 theme O-GlcNAcylation 984:998 arg1 role 976:979 the role 972:979 the role of O-GlcNAcylation in this process 972:1014 Here, we investigate the changes of glucose metabolism during epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the role of O-GlcNAcylation in this process. 27129262 4 17 theme metabolism 440:449 arg1 pathway 482:488 the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway 454:488 the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) 454:494 However, a neglected but very important branch of glucose metabolism is the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). 27129262 4 17 theme metabolism 440:449 arg1 branch 422:427 a neglected but very important branch 391:427 a neglected but very important branch of glucose metabolism 391:449 However, a neglected but very important branch of glucose metabolism is the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). 27129262 2 18 theme Cancer 174:179 arg1 cells 181:185 Cancer cells 174:185 Cancer cells 174:185 Cancer cells increase glucose and glutamine flux to provide energy needs and macromolecular synthesis demands. 27129262 10 19 theme HBP 1207:1209 arg1 activation 1193:1202 The activation 1189:1202 The activation of HBP 1189:1209 The activation of HBP induces an aberrant cell surface glycosylation and O-GlcNAcylation. 27129262 5 20 theme total 577:581 arg1 glucose 583:589 the total glucose 573:589 the total glucose 573:589 The HBP is a branch of the glucose metabolic pathway that consumes ∼2-5% of the total glucose, generating UDP-GlcNAc as the end product. 27129262 0 21 theme Mesenchymal 11:21 arg1 Transition 23:32 Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition 0:32 Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition 0:32 Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Induces Aberrant Glycosylation through Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway Activation. 27129262 13 22 theme cell 1682:1685 arg1 glycosylation 1687:1699 cell glycosylation 1682:1699 cell glycosylation 1682:1699 Taken together, our results indicate that EMT is an applicable model to study metabolic and glycophenotype changes during carcinogenesis, suggesting that cell glycosylation senses metabolic changes and modulates cell plasticity. 27129262 0 23 theme Pathway 97:103 arg1 Activation 105:114 Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway Activation 73:114 Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway Activation 73:114 Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Induces Aberrant Glycosylation through Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway Activation. 27129262 1 24 theme Deregulated 117:127 arg1 metabolism 138:147 Deregulated cellular metabolism 117:147 Deregulated cellular metabolism 117:147 Deregulated cellular metabolism is a hallmark of tumors. 27129262 1 24 theme Deregulated 117:127 arg1 hallmark 154:161 a hallmark 152:161 a hallmark of tumors 152:171 Deregulated cellular metabolism is a hallmark of tumors. 27129262 5 25 theme glucose 524:530 arg1 pathway 542:548 the glucose metabolic pathway 520:548 the glucose metabolic pathway 520:548 The HBP is a branch of the glucose metabolic pathway that consumes ∼2-5% of the total glucose, generating UDP-GlcNAc as the end product. 27129262 12 26 theme O-GlcNAc 1455:1462 arg1 levels 1464:1469 O-GlcNAc levels 1455:1469 O-GlcNAc levels 1455:1469 In addition, modulation of O-GlcNAc levels was demonstrated to be important during the EMT process. 27129262 3 27 theme Several 285:291 arg1 studies 293:299 Several studies 285:299 Several studies 285:299 Several studies have been focused on the importance of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway. 27129262 5 28 theme end 621:623 arg1 product 625:631 the end product 617:631 the end product 617:631 The HBP is a branch of the glucose metabolic pathway that consumes ∼2-5% of the total glucose, generating UDP-GlcNAc as the end product. 27129262 5 28 theme end 621:623 arg1 UDP-GlcNAc 603:612 UDP-GlcNAc 603:612 UDP-GlcNAc 603:612 The HBP is a branch of the glucose metabolic pathway that consumes ∼2-5% of the total glucose, generating UDP-GlcNAc as the end product. 27129262 1 29 theme cellular 129:136 arg1 metabolism 138:147 Deregulated cellular metabolism 117:147 Deregulated cellular metabolism 117:147 Deregulated cellular metabolism is a hallmark of tumors. 27129262 1 29 theme cellular 129:136 arg1 hallmark 154:161 a hallmark 152:161 a hallmark of tumors 152:171 Deregulated cellular metabolism is a hallmark of tumors. 27129262 7 30 theme microenvironment 840:855 arg1 changes 857:863 microenvironment changes 840:863 microenvironment changes 840:863 Thus, HBP links the altered metabolism with aberrant glycosylation providing a mechanism for cancer cells to sense and respond to microenvironment changes. 27129262 13 31 theme metabolic 1708:1716 arg1 changes 1718:1724 metabolic changes 1708:1724 metabolic changes 1708:1724 Taken together, our results indicate that EMT is an applicable model to study metabolic and glycophenotype changes during carcinogenesis, suggesting that cell glycosylation senses metabolic changes and modulates cell plasticity. 27129262 4 32 theme important 412:420 arg1 pathway 482:488 the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway 454:488 the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) 454:494 However, a neglected but very important branch of glucose metabolism is the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). 27129262 4 32 theme important 412:420 arg1 branch 422:427 a neglected but very important branch 391:427 a neglected but very important branch of glucose metabolism 391:449 However, a neglected but very important branch of glucose metabolism is the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). 27129262 6 33 theme glycosylation 685:697 arg1 reactions 699:707 multiple glycosylation reactions 676:707 multiple glycosylation reactions 676:707 UDP-GlcNAc is the donor substrate used in multiple glycosylation reactions. 27129262 8 34 from role 976:979 arg1 process 1008:1014 this process 1003:1014 this process 1003:1014 Here, we investigate the changes of glucose metabolism during epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the role of O-GlcNAcylation in this process. 27129262 11 35 theme sialylation 1327:1337 arg1 epitopes 1386:1393 all known epitopes 1376:1393 all known epitopes found in different tumor models 1376:1425 The cell surface glycans display an increase of sialylation α2-6, poly-LacNAc, and fucosylation, all known epitopes found in different tumor models. 27129262 11 35 theme sialylation 1327:1337 arg1 increase 1315:1322 an increase 1312:1322 an increase of sialylation α2-6, poly-LacNAc, and fucosylation 1312:1373 The cell surface glycans display an increase of sialylation α2-6, poly-LacNAc, and fucosylation, all known epitopes found in different tumor models. 27129262 6 36 theme multiple 676:683 arg1 reactions 699:707 multiple glycosylation reactions 676:707 multiple glycosylation reactions 676:707 UDP-GlcNAc is the donor substrate used in multiple glycosylation reactions. 27129262 8 37 theme metabolism 910:919 arg1 changes 891:897 the changes 887:897 the changes of glucose metabolism during epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) 887:966 Here, we investigate the changes of glucose metabolism during epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the role of O-GlcNAcylation in this process. 27129262 8 37 theme metabolism 910:919 arg1 role 976:979 the role 972:979 the role of O-GlcNAcylation in this process 972:1014 Here, we investigate the changes of glucose metabolism during epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the role of O-GlcNAcylation in this process. 27129262 2 38 theme glutamine 208:216 arg1 flux 218:221 glucose and glutamine flux 196:221 glucose and glutamine flux to provide energy needs and macromolecular synthesis demands 196:282 Cancer cells increase glucose and glutamine flux to provide energy needs and macromolecular synthesis demands. 27129262 0 39 theme Aberrant 42:49 arg1 Glycosylation 51:63 Aberrant Glycosylation 42:63 Aberrant Glycosylation 42:63 Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Induces Aberrant Glycosylation through Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway Activation. 27129262 13 40 theme cell 1740:1743 arg1 plasticity 1745:1754 cell plasticity 1740:1754 cell plasticity 1740:1754 Taken together, our results indicate that EMT is an applicable model to study metabolic and glycophenotype changes during carcinogenesis, suggesting that cell glycosylation senses metabolic changes and modulates cell plasticity. 27129262 11 41 theme fucosylation 1362:1373 arg1 epitopes 1386:1393 all known epitopes 1376:1393 all known epitopes found in different tumor models 1376:1425 The cell surface glycans display an increase of sialylation α2-6, poly-LacNAc, and fucosylation, all known epitopes found in different tumor models. 27129262 11 41 theme fucosylation 1362:1373 arg1 increase 1315:1322 an increase 1312:1322 an increase of sialylation α2-6, poly-LacNAc, and fucosylation 1312:1373 The cell surface glycans display an increase of sialylation α2-6, poly-LacNAc, and fucosylation, all known epitopes found in different tumor models. 27129262 2 42 theme synthesis 266:274 arg1 demands 276:282 macromolecular synthesis demands 251:282 macromolecular synthesis demands 251:282 Cancer cells increase glucose and glutamine flux to provide energy needs and macromolecular synthesis demands. 27129262 9 43 theme pentose 1122:1128 arg1 pathway 1140:1146 pentose phosphate pathway 1122:1146 pentose phosphate pathway 1122:1146 We show that A549 cells increase glucose uptake during EMT, but instead of increasing the glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, the glucose is shunted through the HBP. 27129262 0 44 theme Hexosamine 73:82 arg1 Activation 105:114 Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway Activation 73:114 Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway Activation 73:114 Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Induces Aberrant Glycosylation through Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway Activation. 27129262 7 45 theme cancer 803:808 arg1 cells 810:814 cancer cells 803:814 cancer cells 803:814 Thus, HBP links the altered metabolism with aberrant glycosylation providing a mechanism for cancer cells to sense and respond to microenvironment changes. 27129262 3 46 theme glycolysis 340:349 arg1 importance 326:335 the importance 322:335 the importance of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway 322:379 Several studies have been focused on the importance of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway. 27129262 2 47 theme glucose 196:202 arg1 flux 218:221 glucose and glutamine flux 196:221 glucose and glutamine flux to provide energy needs and macromolecular synthesis demands 196:282 Cancer cells increase glucose and glutamine flux to provide energy needs and macromolecular synthesis demands. 27129262 2 48 theme macromolecular 251:264 arg1 demands 276:282 macromolecular synthesis demands 251:282 macromolecular synthesis demands 251:282 Cancer cells increase glucose and glutamine flux to provide energy needs and macromolecular synthesis demands. 27129262 8 49 theme mesenchymal 939:949 arg1 EMT 963:965 EMT 963:965 EMT 963:965 Here, we investigate the changes of glucose metabolism during epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the role of O-GlcNAcylation in this process. 27129262 8 49 theme mesenchymal 939:949 arg1 transition 951:960 epithelial mesenchymal transition 928:960 epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) 928:966 Here, we investigate the changes of glucose metabolism during epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the role of O-GlcNAcylation in this process. 27129262 13 50 theme metabolic 1606:1614 arg1 changes 1635:1641 metabolic and glycophenotype changes 1606:1641 metabolic and glycophenotype changes 1606:1641 Taken together, our results indicate that EMT is an applicable model to study metabolic and glycophenotype changes during carcinogenesis, suggesting that cell glycosylation senses metabolic changes and modulates cell plasticity. 27129262 4 51 theme hexosamine 458:467 arg1 HBP 491:493 HBP 491:493 HBP 491:493 However, a neglected but very important branch of glucose metabolism is the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). 27129262 4 51 theme hexosamine 458:467 arg1 pathway 482:488 the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway 454:488 the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) 454:494 However, a neglected but very important branch of glucose metabolism is the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). 27129262 4 51 theme hexosamine 458:467 arg1 branch 422:427 a neglected but very important branch 391:427 a neglected but very important branch of glucose metabolism 391:449 However, a neglected but very important branch of glucose metabolism is the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). 27129262 11 52 located found 1395:1399 arg2 increase 1315:1322 an increase 1312:1322 an increase of sialylation α2-6, poly-LacNAc, and fucosylation 1312:1373 The cell surface glycans display an increase of sialylation α2-6, poly-LacNAc, and fucosylation, all known epitopes found in different tumor models. 27129262 11 52 located found 1395:1399 arg1 models 1420:1425 different tumor models 1404:1425 different tumor models 1404:1425 The cell surface glycans display an increase of sialylation α2-6, poly-LacNAc, and fucosylation, all known epitopes found in different tumor models. 27129262 11 52 located found 1395:1399 arg2 epitopes 1386:1393 all known epitopes 1376:1393 all known epitopes found in different tumor models 1376:1425 The cell surface glycans display an increase of sialylation α2-6, poly-LacNAc, and fucosylation, all known epitopes found in different tumor models. 27129262 4 53 theme neglected 393:401 arg1 pathway 482:488 the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway 454:488 the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) 454:494 However, a neglected but very important branch of glucose metabolism is the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). 27129262 4 53 theme neglected 393:401 arg1 branch 422:427 a neglected but very important branch 391:427 a neglected but very important branch of glucose metabolism 391:449 However, a neglected but very important branch of glucose metabolism is the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). 27129262 10 54 theme cell 1231:1234 arg1 glycosylation 1244:1256 an aberrant cell surface glycosylation 1219:1256 an aberrant cell surface glycosylation 1219:1256 The activation of HBP induces an aberrant cell surface glycosylation and O-GlcNAcylation. 27129262 12 55 theme levels 1464:1469 arg1 modulation 1441:1450 modulation 1441:1450 modulation of O-GlcNAc levels 1441:1469 In addition, modulation of O-GlcNAc levels was demonstrated to be important during the EMT process. 27129262 8 56 from changes 891:897 arg1 process 1008:1014 this process 1003:1014 this process 1003:1014 Here, we investigate the changes of glucose metabolism during epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the role of O-GlcNAcylation in this process. 27129262 9 57 theme A549 1030:1033 arg1 cells 1035:1039 A549 cells 1030:1039 A549 cells 1030:1039 We show that A549 cells increase glucose uptake during EMT, but instead of increasing the glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, the glucose is shunted through the HBP. 27129262 13 58 theme glycophenotype 1620:1633 arg1 changes 1635:1641 metabolic and glycophenotype changes 1606:1641 metabolic and glycophenotype changes 1606:1641 Taken together, our results indicate that EMT is an applicable model to study metabolic and glycophenotype changes during carcinogenesis, suggesting that cell glycosylation senses metabolic changes and modulates cell plasticity. 27129262 5 59 theme metabolic 532:540 arg1 pathway 542:548 the glucose metabolic pathway 520:548 the glucose metabolic pathway 520:548 The HBP is a branch of the glucose metabolic pathway that consumes ∼2-5% of the total glucose, generating UDP-GlcNAc as the end product. 27129262 1 60 theme tumors 166:171 arg1 metabolism 138:147 Deregulated cellular metabolism 117:147 Deregulated cellular metabolism 117:147 Deregulated cellular metabolism is a hallmark of tumors. 27129262 1 60 theme tumors 166:171 arg1 hallmark 154:161 a hallmark 152:161 a hallmark of tumors 152:171 Deregulated cellular metabolism is a hallmark of tumors. 27129262 6 61 theme donor 652:656 arg1 UDP-GlcNAc 634:643 UDP-GlcNAc 634:643 UDP-GlcNAc 634:643 UDP-GlcNAc is the donor substrate used in multiple glycosylation reactions. 27129262 6 61 theme donor 652:656 arg1 substrate 658:666 the donor substrate 648:666 the donor substrate used in multiple glycosylation reactions 648:707 UDP-GlcNAc is the donor substrate used in multiple glycosylation reactions. 27129262 3 62 theme pathway 373:379 arg1 importance 326:335 the importance 322:335 the importance of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway 322:379 Several studies have been focused on the importance of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway. 27129262 4 63 theme biosynthesis 469:480 arg1 HBP 491:493 HBP 491:493 HBP 491:493 However, a neglected but very important branch of glucose metabolism is the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). 27129262 4 63 theme biosynthesis 469:480 arg1 pathway 482:488 the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway 454:488 the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) 454:494 However, a neglected but very important branch of glucose metabolism is the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). 27129262 4 63 theme biosynthesis 469:480 arg1 branch 422:427 a neglected but very important branch 391:427 a neglected but very important branch of glucose metabolism 391:449 However, a neglected but very important branch of glucose metabolism is the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). 27129262 5 64 theme pathway 542:548 arg1 HBP 501:503 The HBP 497:503 The HBP 497:503 The HBP is a branch of the glucose metabolic pathway that consumes ∼2-5% of the total glucose, generating UDP-GlcNAc as the end product. 27129262 5 64 theme pathway 542:548 arg1 branch 510:515 a branch 508:515 a branch of the glucose metabolic pathway that consumes ∼2-5% of the total glucose, generating UDP-GlcNAc as the end product 508:631 The HBP is a branch of the glucose metabolic pathway that consumes ∼2-5% of the total glucose, generating UDP-GlcNAc as the end product. 27129262 10 65 theme aberrant 1222:1229 arg1 glycosylation 1244:1256 an aberrant cell surface glycosylation 1219:1256 an aberrant cell surface glycosylation 1219:1256 The activation of HBP induces an aberrant cell surface glycosylation and O-GlcNAcylation. 27129262 0 66 theme Biosynthetic 84:95 arg1 Activation 105:114 Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway Activation 73:114 Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway Activation 73:114 Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Induces Aberrant Glycosylation through Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway Activation. 27129262 7 67 theme aberrant 754:761 arg1 glycosylation 763:775 aberrant glycosylation 754:775 aberrant glycosylation providing a mechanism for cancer cells to sense 754:823 Thus, HBP links the altered metabolism with aberrant glycosylation providing a mechanism for cancer cells to sense and respond to microenvironment changes. 27129262 9 68 theme glucose 1050:1056 arg1 uptake 1058:1063 glucose uptake 1050:1063 glucose uptake 1050:1063 We show that A549 cells increase glucose uptake during EMT, but instead of increasing the glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, the glucose is shunted through the HBP. 27129262 2 69 dep energy 234:239 arg1 needs 241:245 needs 241:245 needs 241:245 Cancer cells increase glucose and glutamine flux to provide energy needs and macromolecular synthesis demands. 26231763 6 0 theme O-GlcNAcylation 754:768 arg1 status 770:775 its O-GlcNAcylation status 750:775 its O-GlcNAcylation status that depends on the glucose concentrations 750:818 Overall, Nrf1 is negatively regulated by its O-GlcNAcylation status that depends on the glucose concentrations. 26231763 2 1 with interaction 209:219 arg1 OGT 226:228 OGT 226:228 OGT 226:228 Herein, we show that Nrf1 enables interaction with OGT and their co-immunoprecipitates are O-GlcNAcylated by the enzyme. 26231763 4 2 theme CNC-bZIP 548:555 arg1 protein 557:563 the CNC-bZIP protein 544:563 the CNC-bZIP protein 544:563 The turnover of Nrf1 is enhanced upon overexpression of OGT, which promotes ubiquitination of the CNC-bZIP protein. 26231763 6 3 theme glucose 797:803 arg1 concentrations 805:818 the glucose concentrations 793:818 the glucose concentrations 793:818 Overall, Nrf1 is negatively regulated by its O-GlcNAcylation status that depends on the glucose concentrations. 26231763 0 4 theme Transcription 0:12 arg1 Nrf1 21:24 Transcription factor Nrf1 0:24 Transcription factor Nrf1 0:24 Transcription factor Nrf1 is negatively regulated by its O-GlcNAcylation status. 26231763 4 5 theme OGT 506:508 arg1 overexpression 488:501 overexpression 488:501 overexpression 488:501 The turnover of Nrf1 is enhanced upon overexpression of OGT, which promotes ubiquitination of the CNC-bZIP protein. 26231763 3 6 theme protein 376:382 arg1 stability 384:392 its protein stability 372:392 its protein stability 372:392 The putative O-GlcNAcylation negatively regulates Nrf1/TCF11 to reduce both its protein stability and transactivation activity of target gene expression. 26231763 5 7 theme PEST2 616:620 arg1 degron 622:627 PEST2 degron 616:627 PEST2 degron 616:627 Furthermore, the serine/theorine-rich sequence of PEST2 degron within Nrf1 is identified to be involved in the protein O-GlcNAcylation by OGT. 26231763 1 8 theme O-Linked 81:88 arg1 transferase 110:120 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 81:120 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 81:126 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) was identified as an Nrf1-interacting protein. 26231763 1 8 theme O-Linked 81:88 arg1 protein 166:172 an Nrf1-interacting protein 146:172 an Nrf1-interacting protein 146:172 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) was identified as an Nrf1-interacting protein. 26231763 1 8 theme O-Linked 81:88 arg1 OGT 123:125 OGT 123:125 OGT 123:125 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) was identified as an Nrf1-interacting protein. 26231763 0 9 theme factor 14:19 arg1 Nrf1 21:24 Transcription factor Nrf1 0:24 Transcription factor Nrf1 0:24 Transcription factor Nrf1 is negatively regulated by its O-GlcNAcylation status. 26231763 5 10 theme degron 622:627 arg1 sequence 604:611 the serine/theorine-rich sequence 579:611 the serine/theorine-rich sequence of PEST2 degron within Nrf1 579:639 Furthermore, the serine/theorine-rich sequence of PEST2 degron within Nrf1 is identified to be involved in the protein O-GlcNAcylation by OGT. 26231763 1 11 theme N-acetylglucosamine 90:108 arg1 transferase 110:120 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 81:120 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 81:126 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) was identified as an Nrf1-interacting protein. 26231763 1 11 theme N-acetylglucosamine 90:108 arg1 protein 166:172 an Nrf1-interacting protein 146:172 an Nrf1-interacting protein 146:172 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) was identified as an Nrf1-interacting protein. 26231763 1 11 theme N-acetylglucosamine 90:108 arg1 OGT 123:125 OGT 123:125 OGT 123:125 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) was identified as an Nrf1-interacting protein. 26231763 3 12 theme target 426:431 arg1 expression 438:447 target gene expression 426:447 target gene expression 426:447 The putative O-GlcNAcylation negatively regulates Nrf1/TCF11 to reduce both its protein stability and transactivation activity of target gene expression. 26231763 5 13 theme protein 677:683 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 685:699 the protein O-GlcNAcylation 673:699 the protein O-GlcNAcylation by OGT 673:706 Furthermore, the serine/theorine-rich sequence of PEST2 degron within Nrf1 is identified to be involved in the protein O-GlcNAcylation by OGT. 26231763 3 14 theme transactivation 398:412 arg1 activity 414:421 transactivation activity 398:421 transactivation activity 398:421 The putative O-GlcNAcylation negatively regulates Nrf1/TCF11 to reduce both its protein stability and transactivation activity of target gene expression. 26231763 3 15 theme gene 433:436 arg1 expression 438:447 target gene expression 426:447 target gene expression 426:447 The putative O-GlcNAcylation negatively regulates Nrf1/TCF11 to reduce both its protein stability and transactivation activity of target gene expression. 26231763 4 16 theme protein 557:563 arg1 ubiquitination 526:539 ubiquitination 526:539 ubiquitination of the CNC-bZIP protein 526:563 The turnover of Nrf1 is enhanced upon overexpression of OGT, which promotes ubiquitination of the CNC-bZIP protein. 26231763 5 17 theme serine/theorine-rich 583:602 arg1 sequence 604:611 the serine/theorine-rich sequence 579:611 the serine/theorine-rich sequence of PEST2 degron within Nrf1 579:639 Furthermore, the serine/theorine-rich sequence of PEST2 degron within Nrf1 is identified to be involved in the protein O-GlcNAcylation by OGT. 26231763 3 18 theme expression 438:447 arg1 stability 384:392 its protein stability 372:392 its protein stability 372:392 The putative O-GlcNAcylation negatively regulates Nrf1/TCF11 to reduce both its protein stability and transactivation activity of target gene expression. 26231763 3 18 theme expression 438:447 arg1 activity 414:421 transactivation activity 398:421 transactivation activity 398:421 The putative O-GlcNAcylation negatively regulates Nrf1/TCF11 to reduce both its protein stability and transactivation activity of target gene expression. 26231763 3 19 theme putative 300:307 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 309:323 The putative O-GlcNAcylation 296:323 The putative O-GlcNAcylation 296:323 The putative O-GlcNAcylation negatively regulates Nrf1/TCF11 to reduce both its protein stability and transactivation activity of target gene expression. 26231763 4 20 theme Nrf1 466:469 arg1 turnover 454:461 The turnover 450:461 The turnover of Nrf1 450:469 The turnover of Nrf1 is enhanced upon overexpression of OGT, which promotes ubiquitination of the CNC-bZIP protein. 26231763 0 21 theme O-GlcNAcylation 57:71 arg1 status 73:78 its O-GlcNAcylation status 53:78 its O-GlcNAcylation status 53:78 Transcription factor Nrf1 is negatively regulated by its O-GlcNAcylation status. 26231763 1 22 theme Nrf1-interacting 149:164 arg1 transferase 110:120 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 81:120 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 81:126 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) was identified as an Nrf1-interacting protein. 26231763 1 22 theme Nrf1-interacting 149:164 arg1 protein 166:172 an Nrf1-interacting protein 146:172 an Nrf1-interacting protein 146:172 O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) was identified as an Nrf1-interacting protein. 26469516 0 0 theme Complex 138:144 arg1 Glycosylation 155:167 hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation 132:167 hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation 132:167 hMRAPα, but Not hMRAP2, Enhances hMC4R Constitutive Activity in HEK293 Cells and This Is Not Dependent on hMRAPα Induced Changes in hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation. 26469516 1 1 theme receptor 221:228 arg1 expression 243:252 melanocortin receptor 2 functional expression 208:252 melanocortin receptor 2 functional expression 208:252 MRAP1 but not MRAP2, is essential for melanocortin receptor 2 functional expression. 26469516 6 2 theme adenylyl 880:887 arg1 cyclase 889:895 adenylyl cyclase 880:895 adenylyl cyclase 880:895 In contrast to hMRAPα, co-expression with hMRAP2 had no effect on HA-hMC4R or untagged hMC4R constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase. 26469516 0 3 from Changes 121:127 arg1 Glycosylation 155:167 hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation 132:167 hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation 132:167 hMRAPα, but Not hMRAP2, Enhances hMC4R Constitutive Activity in HEK293 Cells and This Is Not Dependent on hMRAPα Induced Changes in hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation. 26469516 2 4 theme Human 255:259 arg1 variant 274:280 Human MRAP1 splice variant 255:280 Human MRAP1 splice variant (hMRAPα) 255:289 Human MRAP1 splice variant (hMRAPα) and human MRAP2 (hMRAP2) also interact with the other melanocortin receptor subtypes in vitro, although the physiological significance of these interactions is unknown. 26469516 2 4 theme Human 255:259 arg1 hMRAPα 283:288 hMRAPα 283:288 hMRAPα 283:288 Human MRAP1 splice variant (hMRAPα) and human MRAP2 (hMRAP2) also interact with the other melanocortin receptor subtypes in vitro, although the physiological significance of these interactions is unknown. 26469516 1 5 theme functional 232:241 arg1 expression 243:252 melanocortin receptor 2 functional expression 208:252 melanocortin receptor 2 functional expression 208:252 MRAP1 but not MRAP2, is essential for melanocortin receptor 2 functional expression. 26469516 8 6 theme hMC4R 1215:1219 arg1 glycosylation 1238:1250 hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 1215:1250 hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 1215:1250 hMRAPα-FLAG co-expression did not alter the partitioning of either HA-hMC4R or hMC4R-eGFP into either the ER or the Golgi apparatus, therefore the hMRAPα effect on hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation is probably not due to hMC4R retention in the ER. 26469516 8 7 theme Golgi 1167:1171 arg1 apparatus 1173:1181 the Golgi apparatus 1163:1181 the Golgi apparatus 1163:1181 hMRAPα-FLAG co-expression did not alter the partitioning of either HA-hMC4R or hMC4R-eGFP into either the ER or the Golgi apparatus, therefore the hMRAPα effect on hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation is probably not due to hMC4R retention in the ER. 26469516 6 8 theme hMC4R 849:853 arg1 coupling 868:875 HA-hMC4R or untagged hMC4R constitutive coupling 828:875 HA-hMC4R or untagged hMC4R constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase 828:895 In contrast to hMRAPα, co-expression with hMRAP2 had no effect on HA-hMC4R or untagged hMC4R constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase. 26469516 0 9 theme Induced 113:119 arg1 Changes 121:127 hMRAPα Induced Changes 106:127 hMRAPα Induced Changes in hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation 106:167 hMRAPα, but Not hMRAP2, Enhances hMC4R Constitutive Activity in HEK293 Cells and This Is Not Dependent on hMRAPα Induced Changes in hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation. 26469516 8 10 theme N-linked 1229:1236 arg1 glycosylation 1238:1250 hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 1215:1250 hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 1215:1250 hMRAPα-FLAG co-expression did not alter the partitioning of either HA-hMC4R or hMC4R-eGFP into either the ER or the Golgi apparatus, therefore the hMRAPα effect on hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation is probably not due to hMC4R retention in the ER. 26469516 6 11 dep hMRAPα 777:782 arg1 contrast 765:772 contrast 765:772 contrast 765:772 In contrast to hMRAPα, co-expression with hMRAP2 had no effect on HA-hMC4R or untagged hMC4R constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase. 26469516 6 12 with co-expression 785:797 arg1 hMRAP2 804:809 hMRAP2 804:809 hMRAP2 804:809 In contrast to hMRAPα, co-expression with hMRAP2 had no effect on HA-hMC4R or untagged hMC4R constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase. 26469516 5 13 theme hMRAPα 688:693 arg1 effects 706:712 hMRAPα and hMRAP2 effects 688:712 hMRAPα and hMRAP2 effects on hMC4R constitutive activity in HEK293 cells 688:759 Here we directly compare hMRAPα and hMRAP2 effects on hMC4R constitutive activity in HEK293 cells. 26469516 2 14 theme splice 267:272 arg1 variant 274:280 Human MRAP1 splice variant 255:280 Human MRAP1 splice variant (hMRAPα) 255:289 Human MRAP1 splice variant (hMRAPα) and human MRAP2 (hMRAP2) also interact with the other melanocortin receptor subtypes in vitro, although the physiological significance of these interactions is unknown. 26469516 2 14 theme splice 267:272 arg1 hMRAPα 283:288 hMRAPα 283:288 hMRAPα 283:288 Human MRAP1 splice variant (hMRAPα) and human MRAP2 (hMRAP2) also interact with the other melanocortin receptor subtypes in vitro, although the physiological significance of these interactions is unknown. 26469516 4 15 theme hMC4R 625:629 arg1 activity 644:651 hMC4R constitutive activity 625:651 hMC4R constitutive activity 625:651 hMRAPα-FLAG also enhances hMC4R constitutive activity in vitro. 26469516 10 16 theme constitutive 1616:1627 arg1 activity 1629:1636 hMC4R constitutive activity 1610:1636 hMC4R constitutive activity 1610:1636 We conclude that hMRAPα and not hMRAP2 modulates hMC4R constitutive activity. 26469516 5 17 theme hMRAP2 699:704 arg1 effects 706:712 hMRAPα and hMRAP2 effects 688:712 hMRAPα and hMRAP2 effects on hMC4R constitutive activity in HEK293 cells 688:759 Here we directly compare hMRAPα and hMRAP2 effects on hMC4R constitutive activity in HEK293 cells. 26469516 5 18 from effects 706:712 arg1 activity 736:743 hMC4R constitutive activity 717:743 hMC4R constitutive activity in HEK293 cells 717:759 Here we directly compare hMRAPα and hMRAP2 effects on hMC4R constitutive activity in HEK293 cells. 26469516 3 19 theme HA-hMC4R 558:565 arg1 glycosylation 584:596 HA-hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 558:596 HA-hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 558:596 Previously we showed that HA-hMC4R co-expression with hMRAPα, but not hMRAP2, specifically alters HA-hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation. 26469516 9 20 with co-expression 1534:1546 arg1 hMRAPα 1553:1558 hMRAPα 1553:1558 hMRAPα 1553:1558 We also observed that unlike HA-hMC4R, hMC4R-eGFP lacks complex glycosylation both in the presence and absence of hMRAPα, although both HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP exhibited increased constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase following co-expression with hMRAPα. 26469516 7 21 theme hMC4R 1020:1024 arg1 trafficking 1038:1048 hMC4R subcellular trafficking 1020:1048 hMC4R subcellular trafficking 1020:1048 We used fixed and live cell imaging of HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP respectively, to further characterise effects of hMRAPα on hMC4R subcellular trafficking. 26469516 7 22 theme hMRAPα 1010:1015 arg1 effects 999:1005 effects 999:1005 effects of hMRAPα on hMC4R subcellular trafficking 999:1048 We used fixed and live cell imaging of HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP respectively, to further characterise effects of hMRAPα on hMC4R subcellular trafficking. 26469516 5 23 from activity 736:743 arg1 cells 755:759 HEK293 cells 748:759 HEK293 cells 748:759 Here we directly compare hMRAPα and hMRAP2 effects on hMC4R constitutive activity in HEK293 cells. 26469516 9 24 theme constitutive 1482:1493 arg1 coupling 1495:1502 increased constitutive coupling 1472:1502 increased constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase 1472:1522 We also observed that unlike HA-hMC4R, hMC4R-eGFP lacks complex glycosylation both in the presence and absence of hMRAPα, although both HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP exhibited increased constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase following co-expression with hMRAPα. 26469516 0 25 link N-linked 146:153 arg1 Glycosylation 155:167 hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation 132:167 hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation 132:167 hMRAPα, but Not hMRAP2, Enhances hMC4R Constitutive Activity in HEK293 Cells and This Is Not Dependent on hMRAPα Induced Changes in hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation. 26469516 0 26 theme Constitutive 39:50 arg1 Activity 52:59 hMC4R Constitutive Activity 33:59 hMC4R Constitutive Activity in HEK293 Cells 33:75 hMRAPα, but Not hMRAP2, Enhances hMC4R Constitutive Activity in HEK293 Cells and This Is Not Dependent on hMRAPα Induced Changes in hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation. 26469516 3 27 theme N-linked 575:582 arg1 glycosylation 584:596 HA-hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 558:596 HA-hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 558:596 Previously we showed that HA-hMC4R co-expression with hMRAPα, but not hMRAP2, specifically alters HA-hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation. 26469516 8 28 from retention 1281:1289 arg1 ER 1298:1299 the ER 1294:1299 the ER 1294:1299 hMRAPα-FLAG co-expression did not alter the partitioning of either HA-hMC4R or hMC4R-eGFP into either the ER or the Golgi apparatus, therefore the hMRAPα effect on hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation is probably not due to hMC4R retention in the ER. 26469516 6 29 theme untagged 840:847 arg1 coupling 868:875 HA-hMC4R or untagged hMC4R constitutive coupling 828:875 HA-hMC4R or untagged hMC4R constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase 828:895 In contrast to hMRAPα, co-expression with hMRAP2 had no effect on HA-hMC4R or untagged hMC4R constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase. 26469516 0 30 theme hMRAPα 106:111 arg1 Changes 121:127 hMRAPα Induced Changes 106:127 hMRAPα Induced Changes in hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation 106:167 hMRAPα, but Not hMRAP2, Enhances hMC4R Constitutive Activity in HEK293 Cells and This Is Not Dependent on hMRAPα Induced Changes in hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation. 26469516 7 31 theme cell 921:924 arg1 imaging 926:932 fixed and live cell imaging 906:932 fixed and live cell imaging of HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP 906:959 We used fixed and live cell imaging of HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP respectively, to further characterise effects of hMRAPα on hMC4R subcellular trafficking. 26469516 2 32 theme other 339:343 arg1 subtypes 367:374 the other melanocortin receptor subtypes 335:374 the other melanocortin receptor subtypes 335:374 Human MRAP1 splice variant (hMRAPα) and human MRAP2 (hMRAP2) also interact with the other melanocortin receptor subtypes in vitro, although the physiological significance of these interactions is unknown. 26469516 5 33 theme constitutive 723:734 arg1 activity 736:743 hMC4R constitutive activity 717:743 hMC4R constitutive activity in HEK293 cells 717:759 Here we directly compare hMRAPα and hMRAP2 effects on hMC4R constitutive activity in HEK293 cells. 26469516 8 34 link N-linked 1229:1236 arg1 glycosylation 1238:1250 hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 1215:1250 hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 1215:1250 hMRAPα-FLAG co-expression did not alter the partitioning of either HA-hMC4R or hMC4R-eGFP into either the ER or the Golgi apparatus, therefore the hMRAPα effect on hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation is probably not due to hMC4R retention in the ER. 26469516 2 35 theme receptor 358:365 arg1 subtypes 367:374 the other melanocortin receptor subtypes 335:374 the other melanocortin receptor subtypes 335:374 Human MRAP1 splice variant (hMRAPα) and human MRAP2 (hMRAP2) also interact with the other melanocortin receptor subtypes in vitro, although the physiological significance of these interactions is unknown. 26469516 3 36 with co-expression 495:507 arg1 hMRAPα 514:519 hMRAPα 514:519 hMRAPα 514:519 Previously we showed that HA-hMC4R co-expression with hMRAPα, but not hMRAP2, specifically alters HA-hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation. 26469516 6 37 theme HA-hMC4R 828:835 arg1 coupling 868:875 HA-hMC4R or untagged hMC4R constitutive coupling 828:875 HA-hMC4R or untagged hMC4R constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase 828:895 In contrast to hMRAPα, co-expression with hMRAP2 had no effect on HA-hMC4R or untagged hMC4R constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase. 26469516 12 38 theme hMC4R 1846:1850 arg1 activity 1865:1872 increased hMC4R constitutive activity 1836:1872 increased hMC4R constitutive activity 1836:1872 Instead we hypothesise that hMRAPα alters hMC4R conformational states leading to increased hMC4R constitutive activity. 26469516 11 39 link N-linked 1731:1738 arg1 glycosylation 1740:1752 hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 1717:1752 hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 1717:1752 Furthermore, hMRAPα does not increase hMC4R constitutive activity by altering hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation. 26469516 11 40 theme complex 1723:1729 arg1 glycosylation 1740:1752 hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 1717:1752 hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 1717:1752 Furthermore, hMRAPα does not increase hMC4R constitutive activity by altering hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation. 26469516 8 41 theme HA-hMC4R 1118:1125 arg1 partitioning 1095:1106 the partitioning 1091:1106 the partitioning of either HA-hMC4R or hMC4R-eGFP into either the ER or the Golgi apparatus 1091:1181 hMRAPα-FLAG co-expression did not alter the partitioning of either HA-hMC4R or hMC4R-eGFP into either the ER or the Golgi apparatus, therefore the hMRAPα effect on hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation is probably not due to hMC4R retention in the ER. 26469516 5 42 theme HEK293 748:753 arg1 cells 755:759 HEK293 cells 748:759 HEK293 cells 748:759 Here we directly compare hMRAPα and hMRAP2 effects on hMC4R constitutive activity in HEK293 cells. 26469516 0 43 theme N-linked 146:153 arg1 Glycosylation 155:167 hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation 132:167 hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation 132:167 hMRAPα, but Not hMRAP2, Enhances hMC4R Constitutive Activity in HEK293 Cells and This Is Not Dependent on hMRAPα Induced Changes in hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation. 26469516 1 44 theme melanocortin 208:219 arg1 expression 243:252 melanocortin receptor 2 functional expression 208:252 melanocortin receptor 2 functional expression 208:252 MRAP1 but not MRAP2, is essential for melanocortin receptor 2 functional expression. 26469516 8 45 theme hMC4R-eGFP 1130:1139 arg1 partitioning 1095:1106 the partitioning 1091:1106 the partitioning of either HA-hMC4R or hMC4R-eGFP into either the ER or the Golgi apparatus 1091:1181 hMRAPα-FLAG co-expression did not alter the partitioning of either HA-hMC4R or hMC4R-eGFP into either the ER or the Golgi apparatus, therefore the hMRAPα effect on hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation is probably not due to hMC4R retention in the ER. 26469516 2 46 theme MRAP1 261:265 arg1 variant 274:280 Human MRAP1 splice variant 255:280 Human MRAP1 splice variant (hMRAPα) 255:289 Human MRAP1 splice variant (hMRAPα) and human MRAP2 (hMRAP2) also interact with the other melanocortin receptor subtypes in vitro, although the physiological significance of these interactions is unknown. 26469516 2 46 theme MRAP1 261:265 arg1 hMRAPα 283:288 hMRAPα 283:288 hMRAPα 283:288 Human MRAP1 splice variant (hMRAPα) and human MRAP2 (hMRAP2) also interact with the other melanocortin receptor subtypes in vitro, although the physiological significance of these interactions is unknown. 26469516 8 47 from effect 1205:1210 arg1 glycosylation 1238:1250 hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 1215:1250 hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 1215:1250 hMRAPα-FLAG co-expression did not alter the partitioning of either HA-hMC4R or hMC4R-eGFP into either the ER or the Golgi apparatus, therefore the hMRAPα effect on hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation is probably not due to hMC4R retention in the ER. 26469516 12 48 theme hMC4R 1797:1801 arg1 states 1818:1823 hMC4R conformational states 1797:1823 hMC4R conformational states leading to increased hMC4R constitutive activity 1797:1872 Instead we hypothesise that hMRAPα alters hMC4R conformational states leading to increased hMC4R constitutive activity. 26469516 11 49 theme hMC4R 1677:1681 arg1 activity 1696:1703 hMC4R constitutive activity 1677:1703 hMC4R constitutive activity 1677:1703 Furthermore, hMRAPα does not increase hMC4R constitutive activity by altering hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation. 26469516 3 50 theme HA-hMC4R 486:493 arg1 co-expression 495:507 HA-hMC4R co-expression 486:507 HA-hMC4R co-expression 486:507 Previously we showed that HA-hMC4R co-expression with hMRAPα, but not hMRAP2, specifically alters HA-hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation. 26469516 6 51 theme constitutive 855:866 arg1 coupling 868:875 HA-hMC4R or untagged hMC4R constitutive coupling 828:875 HA-hMC4R or untagged hMC4R constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase 828:895 In contrast to hMRAPα, co-expression with hMRAP2 had no effect on HA-hMC4R or untagged hMC4R constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase. 26469516 4 52 theme constitutive 631:642 arg1 activity 644:651 hMC4R constitutive activity 625:651 hMC4R constitutive activity 625:651 hMRAPα-FLAG also enhances hMC4R constitutive activity in vitro. 26469516 9 53 theme hMRAPα 1416:1421 arg1 absence 1405:1411 absence 1405:1411 absence 1405:1411 We also observed that unlike HA-hMC4R, hMC4R-eGFP lacks complex glycosylation both in the presence and absence of hMRAPα, although both HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP exhibited increased constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase following co-expression with hMRAPα. 26469516 9 53 theme hMRAPα 1416:1421 arg1 presence 1392:1399 presence 1392:1399 presence 1392:1399 We also observed that unlike HA-hMC4R, hMC4R-eGFP lacks complex glycosylation both in the presence and absence of hMRAPα, although both HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP exhibited increased constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase following co-expression with hMRAPα. 26469516 8 54 theme complex 1221:1227 arg1 glycosylation 1238:1250 hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 1215:1250 hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 1215:1250 hMRAPα-FLAG co-expression did not alter the partitioning of either HA-hMC4R or hMC4R-eGFP into either the ER or the Golgi apparatus, therefore the hMRAPα effect on hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation is probably not due to hMC4R retention in the ER. 26469516 7 55 theme subcellular 1026:1036 arg1 trafficking 1038:1048 hMC4R subcellular trafficking 1020:1048 hMC4R subcellular trafficking 1020:1048 We used fixed and live cell imaging of HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP respectively, to further characterise effects of hMRAPα on hMC4R subcellular trafficking. 26469516 0 56 from Activity 52:59 arg1 Cells 71:75 HEK293 Cells 64:75 HEK293 Cells 64:75 hMRAPα, but Not hMRAP2, Enhances hMC4R Constitutive Activity in HEK293 Cells and This Is Not Dependent on hMRAPα Induced Changes in hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation. 26469516 7 57 from effects 999:1005 arg1 trafficking 1038:1048 hMC4R subcellular trafficking 1020:1048 hMC4R subcellular trafficking 1020:1048 We used fixed and live cell imaging of HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP respectively, to further characterise effects of hMRAPα on hMC4R subcellular trafficking. 26469516 10 58 theme hMC4R 1610:1614 arg1 activity 1629:1636 hMC4R constitutive activity 1610:1636 hMC4R constitutive activity 1610:1636 We conclude that hMRAPα and not hMRAP2 modulates hMC4R constitutive activity. 26469516 8 59 theme hMRAPα 1198:1203 arg1 due 1268:1270 due 1268:1270 due 1268:1270 hMRAPα-FLAG co-expression did not alter the partitioning of either HA-hMC4R or hMC4R-eGFP into either the ER or the Golgi apparatus, therefore the hMRAPα effect on hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation is probably not due to hMC4R retention in the ER. 26469516 8 59 theme hMRAPα 1198:1203 arg1 effect 1205:1210 the hMRAPα effect 1194:1210 the hMRAPα effect on hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 1194:1250 hMRAPα-FLAG co-expression did not alter the partitioning of either HA-hMC4R or hMC4R-eGFP into either the ER or the Golgi apparatus, therefore the hMRAPα effect on hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation is probably not due to hMC4R retention in the ER. 26469516 9 60 dep presence 1392:1399 arg1 the 1388:1390 the 1388:1390 the 1388:1390 We also observed that unlike HA-hMC4R, hMC4R-eGFP lacks complex glycosylation both in the presence and absence of hMRAPα, although both HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP exhibited increased constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase following co-expression with hMRAPα. 26469516 9 60 dep presence 1392:1399 arg1 both 1380:1383 both 1380:1383 both 1380:1383 We also observed that unlike HA-hMC4R, hMC4R-eGFP lacks complex glycosylation both in the presence and absence of hMRAPα, although both HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP exhibited increased constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase following co-expression with hMRAPα. 26469516 0 61 theme hMC4R 132:136 arg1 Glycosylation 155:167 hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation 132:167 hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation 132:167 hMRAPα, but Not hMRAP2, Enhances hMC4R Constitutive Activity in HEK293 Cells and This Is Not Dependent on hMRAPα Induced Changes in hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation. 26469516 9 62 theme increased 1472:1480 arg1 coupling 1495:1502 increased constitutive coupling 1472:1502 increased constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase 1472:1522 We also observed that unlike HA-hMC4R, hMC4R-eGFP lacks complex glycosylation both in the presence and absence of hMRAPα, although both HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP exhibited increased constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase following co-expression with hMRAPα. 26469516 8 63 theme hMC4R 1275:1279 arg1 retention 1281:1289 hMC4R retention 1275:1289 hMC4R retention in the ER 1275:1299 hMRAPα-FLAG co-expression did not alter the partitioning of either HA-hMC4R or hMC4R-eGFP into either the ER or the Golgi apparatus, therefore the hMRAPα effect on hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation is probably not due to hMC4R retention in the ER. 26469516 3 64 theme complex 567:573 arg1 glycosylation 584:596 HA-hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 558:596 HA-hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 558:596 Previously we showed that HA-hMC4R co-expression with hMRAPα, but not hMRAP2, specifically alters HA-hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation. 26469516 6 65 contain had 811:813 arg2 effect 818:823 no effect 815:823 no effect 815:823 In contrast to hMRAPα, co-expression with hMRAP2 had no effect on HA-hMC4R or untagged hMC4R constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase. 26469516 6 65 contain had 811:813 arg1 co-expression 785:797 co-expression 785:797 co-expression with hMRAP2 785:809 In contrast to hMRAPα, co-expression with hMRAP2 had no effect on HA-hMC4R or untagged hMC4R constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase. 26469516 0 66 theme HEK293 64:69 arg1 Cells 71:75 HEK293 Cells 64:75 HEK293 Cells 64:75 hMRAPα, but Not hMRAP2, Enhances hMC4R Constitutive Activity in HEK293 Cells and This Is Not Dependent on hMRAPα Induced Changes in hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation. 26469516 7 67 theme hMC4R-eGFP 950:959 arg1 imaging 926:932 fixed and live cell imaging 906:932 fixed and live cell imaging of HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP 906:959 We used fixed and live cell imaging of HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP respectively, to further characterise effects of hMRAPα on hMC4R subcellular trafficking. 26469516 9 68 theme adenylyl 1507:1514 arg1 cyclase 1516:1522 adenylyl cyclase 1507:1522 adenylyl cyclase 1507:1522 We also observed that unlike HA-hMC4R, hMC4R-eGFP lacks complex glycosylation both in the presence and absence of hMRAPα, although both HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP exhibited increased constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase following co-expression with hMRAPα. 26469516 2 69 theme interactions 435:446 arg1 unknown 451:457 unknown 451:457 unknown 451:457 Human MRAP1 splice variant (hMRAPα) and human MRAP2 (hMRAP2) also interact with the other melanocortin receptor subtypes in vitro, although the physiological significance of these interactions is unknown. 26469516 2 69 theme interactions 435:446 arg1 significance 413:424 the physiological significance 395:424 the physiological significance of these interactions 395:446 Human MRAP1 splice variant (hMRAPα) and human MRAP2 (hMRAP2) also interact with the other melanocortin receptor subtypes in vitro, although the physiological significance of these interactions is unknown. 26469516 7 70 theme HA-hMC4R 937:944 arg1 imaging 926:932 fixed and live cell imaging 906:932 fixed and live cell imaging of HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP 906:959 We used fixed and live cell imaging of HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP respectively, to further characterise effects of hMRAPα on hMC4R subcellular trafficking. 26469516 5 71 theme hMC4R 717:721 arg1 activity 736:743 hMC4R constitutive activity 717:743 hMC4R constitutive activity in HEK293 cells 717:759 Here we directly compare hMRAPα and hMRAP2 effects on hMC4R constitutive activity in HEK293 cells. 26469516 8 72 theme hMRAPα-FLAG 1051:1061 arg1 co-expression 1063:1075 hMRAPα-FLAG co-expression 1051:1075 hMRAPα-FLAG co-expression 1051:1075 hMRAPα-FLAG co-expression did not alter the partitioning of either HA-hMC4R or hMC4R-eGFP into either the ER or the Golgi apparatus, therefore the hMRAPα effect on hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation is probably not due to hMC4R retention in the ER. 26469516 7 73 theme live 916:919 arg1 imaging 926:932 fixed and live cell imaging 906:932 fixed and live cell imaging of HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP 906:959 We used fixed and live cell imaging of HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP respectively, to further characterise effects of hMRAPα on hMC4R subcellular trafficking. 26469516 3 74 link N-linked 575:582 arg1 glycosylation 584:596 HA-hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 558:596 HA-hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 558:596 Previously we showed that HA-hMC4R co-expression with hMRAPα, but not hMRAP2, specifically alters HA-hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation. 26469516 7 75 theme fixed 906:910 arg1 imaging 926:932 fixed and live cell imaging 906:932 fixed and live cell imaging of HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP 906:959 We used fixed and live cell imaging of HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP respectively, to further characterise effects of hMRAPα on hMC4R subcellular trafficking. 26469516 7 76 used used 901:904 arg2 We 898:899 We 898:899 We 898:899 We used fixed and live cell imaging of HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP respectively, to further characterise effects of hMRAPα on hMC4R subcellular trafficking. 26469516 11 77 theme constitutive 1683:1694 arg1 activity 1696:1703 hMC4R constitutive activity 1677:1703 hMC4R constitutive activity 1677:1703 Furthermore, hMRAPα does not increase hMC4R constitutive activity by altering hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation. 26469516 2 78 theme melanocortin 345:356 arg1 subtypes 367:374 the other melanocortin receptor subtypes 335:374 the other melanocortin receptor subtypes 335:374 Human MRAP1 splice variant (hMRAPα) and human MRAP2 (hMRAP2) also interact with the other melanocortin receptor subtypes in vitro, although the physiological significance of these interactions is unknown. 26469516 0 79 theme hMC4R 33:37 arg1 Activity 52:59 hMC4R Constitutive Activity 33:59 hMC4R Constitutive Activity in HEK293 Cells 33:75 hMRAPα, but Not hMRAP2, Enhances hMC4R Constitutive Activity in HEK293 Cells and This Is Not Dependent on hMRAPα Induced Changes in hMC4R Complex N-linked Glycosylation. 26469516 12 80 theme increased 1836:1844 arg1 activity 1865:1872 increased hMC4R constitutive activity 1836:1872 increased hMC4R constitutive activity 1836:1872 Instead we hypothesise that hMRAPα alters hMC4R conformational states leading to increased hMC4R constitutive activity. 26469516 2 81 theme physiological 399:411 arg1 unknown 451:457 unknown 451:457 unknown 451:457 Human MRAP1 splice variant (hMRAPα) and human MRAP2 (hMRAP2) also interact with the other melanocortin receptor subtypes in vitro, although the physiological significance of these interactions is unknown. 26469516 2 81 theme physiological 399:411 arg1 significance 413:424 the physiological significance 395:424 the physiological significance of these interactions 395:446 Human MRAP1 splice variant (hMRAPα) and human MRAP2 (hMRAP2) also interact with the other melanocortin receptor subtypes in vitro, although the physiological significance of these interactions is unknown. 26469516 11 82 theme N-linked 1731:1738 arg1 glycosylation 1740:1752 hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 1717:1752 hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 1717:1752 Furthermore, hMRAPα does not increase hMC4R constitutive activity by altering hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation. 26469516 9 83 gly glycosylation 1366:1378 arg1 absence 1405:1411 absence 1405:1411 absence 1405:1411 We also observed that unlike HA-hMC4R, hMC4R-eGFP lacks complex glycosylation both in the presence and absence of hMRAPα, although both HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP exhibited increased constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase following co-expression with hMRAPα. 26469516 9 83 gly glycosylation 1366:1378 arg1 presence 1392:1399 presence 1392:1399 presence 1392:1399 We also observed that unlike HA-hMC4R, hMC4R-eGFP lacks complex glycosylation both in the presence and absence of hMRAPα, although both HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP exhibited increased constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase following co-expression with hMRAPα. 26469516 2 84 theme human 295:299 arg1 hMRAP2 308:313 hMRAP2 308:313 hMRAP2 308:313 Human MRAP1 splice variant (hMRAPα) and human MRAP2 (hMRAP2) also interact with the other melanocortin receptor subtypes in vitro, although the physiological significance of these interactions is unknown. 26469516 2 84 theme human 295:299 arg1 MRAP2 301:305 human MRAP2 295:305 human MRAP2 (hMRAP2) 295:314 Human MRAP1 splice variant (hMRAPα) and human MRAP2 (hMRAP2) also interact with the other melanocortin receptor subtypes in vitro, although the physiological significance of these interactions is unknown. 26469516 12 85 theme constitutive 1852:1863 arg1 activity 1865:1872 increased hMC4R constitutive activity 1836:1872 increased hMC4R constitutive activity 1836:1872 Instead we hypothesise that hMRAPα alters hMC4R conformational states leading to increased hMC4R constitutive activity. 26469516 11 86 theme hMC4R 1717:1721 arg1 glycosylation 1740:1752 hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 1717:1752 hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation 1717:1752 Furthermore, hMRAPα does not increase hMC4R constitutive activity by altering hMC4R complex N-linked glycosylation. 26469516 2 87 dep interact 321:328 arg1 although 386:393 although 386:393 although 386:393 Human MRAP1 splice variant (hMRAPα) and human MRAP2 (hMRAP2) also interact with the other melanocortin receptor subtypes in vitro, although the physiological significance of these interactions is unknown. 26469516 9 88 theme complex 1358:1364 arg1 glycosylation 1366:1378 complex glycosylation 1358:1378 complex glycosylation 1358:1378 We also observed that unlike HA-hMC4R, hMC4R-eGFP lacks complex glycosylation both in the presence and absence of hMRAPα, although both HA-hMC4R and hMC4R-eGFP exhibited increased constitutive coupling to adenylyl cyclase following co-expression with hMRAPα. 26469516 12 89 theme conformational 1803:1816 arg1 states 1818:1823 hMC4R conformational states 1797:1823 hMC4R conformational states leading to increased hMC4R constitutive activity 1797:1872 Instead we hypothesise that hMRAPα alters hMC4R conformational states leading to increased hMC4R constitutive activity. 25241896 5 0 with Cells 908:912 arg1 expression 929:938 high UAP1 expression 919:938 high UAP1 expression 919:938 Cells with high UAP1 expression have 10-fold increased levels of the HBP end-product, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). 25241896 6 1 theme ionophore 1318:1326 arg1 A23187 1328:1333 the calcium ionophore A23187 1306:1333 the calcium ionophore A23187 1306:1333 UDP-GlcNAc is essential for N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high UAP1 expression associates with resistance against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) but not with a general ER stress-inducing agent, the calcium ionophore A23187. 25241896 6 1 theme ionophore 1318:1326 arg1 agent 1299:1303 a general ER stress-inducing agent 1270:1303 a general ER stress-inducing agent 1270:1303 UDP-GlcNAc is essential for N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high UAP1 expression associates with resistance against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) but not with a general ER stress-inducing agent, the calcium ionophore A23187. 25241896 0 2 link N-linked 81:88 arg1 glycosylation 90:102 N-linked glycosylation 81:102 N-linked glycosylation 81:102 UAP1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer and is protective against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation. 25241896 7 3 theme glycosylation 1416:1428 arg1 inhibitors 1393:1402 inhibitors 1393:1402 inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation 1393:1428 Knockdown of UAP1 expression re-sensitized cells towards inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation, as measured by proliferation and activation of ER stress markers. 25241896 1 4 theme androgen 237:244 arg1 receptor 246:253 androgen receptor 237:253 androgen receptor (AR) 237:258 Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, and signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) is an important driver of the disease. 25241896 1 4 theme androgen 237:244 arg1 AR 256:257 AR 256:257 AR 256:257 Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, and signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) is an important driver of the disease. 25241896 2 5 theme cells 439:443 arg1 survival 416:423 the survival 412:423 the survival of the cancer cells 412:443 Consequently, AR target genes are prominent candidates to be specific for prostate cancer and also important for the survival of the cancer cells. 25241896 4 6 theme UAP1 791:794 arg1 staining 796:803 UAP1 staining 791:803 UAP1 staining 791:803 We analyzed 3261 prostate cancers on a tissue microarray and found that UAP1 staining correlates negatively with Gleason score (P=0.0039) and positively with high AR expression (P<0.0001). 25241896 1 7 from cause 147:151 arg1 men 184:186 men 184:186 men 184:186 Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, and signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) is an important driver of the disease. 25241896 2 8 theme target 316:321 arg1 genes 323:327 AR target genes 313:327 AR target genes 313:327 Consequently, AR target genes are prominent candidates to be specific for prostate cancer and also important for the survival of the cancer cells. 25241896 2 8 theme target 316:321 arg1 candidates 343:352 prominent candidates 333:352 prominent candidates 333:352 Consequently, AR target genes are prominent candidates to be specific for prostate cancer and also important for the survival of the cancer cells. 25241896 0 9 theme glycosylation 90:102 arg1 inhibitors 67:76 inhibitors 67:76 inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation 67:102 UAP1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer and is protective against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation. 25241896 3 10 theme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 620:642 arg1 pyrophosphorylase 644:660 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 620:662 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1) 620:669 Here we assess the levels of all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes in 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets and identify the last enzyme in the pathway, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1), to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. 25241896 3 10 theme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 620:642 arg1 UAP1 665:668 UAP1 665:668 UAP1 665:668 Here we assess the levels of all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes in 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets and identify the last enzyme in the pathway, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1), to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. 25241896 3 10 theme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 620:642 arg1 enzyme 597:602 the last enzyme 588:602 the last enzyme in the pathway 588:617 Here we assess the levels of all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes in 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets and identify the last enzyme in the pathway, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1), to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. 25241896 1 11 from driver 276:281 arg1 men 184:186 men 184:186 men 184:186 Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, and signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) is an important driver of the disease. 25241896 3 12 theme biosynthetic 490:501 arg1 HBP 512:514 HBP 512:514 HBP 512:514 Here we assess the levels of all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes in 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets and identify the last enzyme in the pathway, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1), to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. 25241896 3 12 theme biosynthetic 490:501 arg1 pathway 503:509 hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 479:509 all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes 475:523 Here we assess the levels of all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes in 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets and identify the last enzyme in the pathway, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1), to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. 25241896 8 13 theme ER 1629:1630 arg1 stress 1632:1637 ER stress 1629:1637 ER stress conferring a growth advantage 1629:1667 Taken together, we have identified an enzyme, UAP1, which is highly overexpressed in prostate cancer and protects cancer cells from ER stress conferring a growth advantage. 25241896 8 14 theme prostate 1582:1589 arg1 cancer 1591:1596 prostate cancer 1582:1596 prostate cancer 1582:1596 Taken together, we have identified an enzyme, UAP1, which is highly overexpressed in prostate cancer and protects cancer cells from ER stress conferring a growth advantage. 25241896 0 15 theme N-linked 81:88 arg1 glycosylation 90:102 N-linked glycosylation 81:102 N-linked glycosylation 81:102 UAP1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer and is protective against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation. 25241896 7 16 theme markers 1488:1494 arg1 activation 1464:1473 activation 1464:1473 activation 1464:1473 Knockdown of UAP1 expression re-sensitized cells towards inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation, as measured by proliferation and activation of ER stress markers. 25241896 7 16 theme markers 1488:1494 arg1 proliferation 1446:1458 proliferation 1446:1458 proliferation 1446:1458 Knockdown of UAP1 expression re-sensitized cells towards inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation, as measured by proliferation and activation of ER stress markers. 25241896 6 17 theme glycosylation 1210:1222 arg1 inhibitors 1187:1196 inhibitors 1187:1196 inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) 1187:1255 UDP-GlcNAc is essential for N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high UAP1 expression associates with resistance against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) but not with a general ER stress-inducing agent, the calcium ionophore A23187. 25241896 3 18 from levels 465:470 arg1 sets 570:573 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets 528:573 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets 528:573 Here we assess the levels of all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes in 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets and identify the last enzyme in the pathway, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1), to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. 25241896 3 19 theme pathway 503:509 arg1 enzymes 517:523 all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes 475:523 all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes 475:523 Here we assess the levels of all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes in 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets and identify the last enzyme in the pathway, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1), to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. 25241896 6 20 theme N-linked 1060:1067 arg1 glycosylation 1069:1081 N-linked glycosylation 1060:1081 N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 1060:1125 UDP-GlcNAc is essential for N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high UAP1 expression associates with resistance against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) but not with a general ER stress-inducing agent, the calcium ionophore A23187. 25241896 6 21 theme N-linked 1201:1208 arg1 glycosylation 1210:1222 N-linked glycosylation 1201:1222 N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) 1201:1255 UDP-GlcNAc is essential for N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high UAP1 expression associates with resistance against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) but not with a general ER stress-inducing agent, the calcium ionophore A23187. 25241896 7 22 link N-linked 1407:1414 arg1 glycosylation 1416:1428 N-linked glycosylation 1407:1428 N-linked glycosylation 1407:1428 Knockdown of UAP1 expression re-sensitized cells towards inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation, as measured by proliferation and activation of ER stress markers. 25241896 1 23 theme cancer-associated 156:172 arg1 deaths 174:179 cancer-associated deaths 156:179 cancer-associated deaths 156:179 Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, and signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) is an important driver of the disease. 25241896 4 24 theme AR 882:883 arg1 P<0.0001 897:904 P<0.0001 897:904 P<0.0001 897:904 We analyzed 3261 prostate cancers on a tissue microarray and found that UAP1 staining correlates negatively with Gleason score (P=0.0039) and positively with high AR expression (P<0.0001). 25241896 4 24 theme AR 882:883 arg1 expression 885:894 high AR expression 877:894 high AR expression (P<0.0001) 877:905 We analyzed 3261 prostate cancers on a tissue microarray and found that UAP1 staining correlates negatively with Gleason score (P=0.0039) and positively with high AR expression (P<0.0001). 25241896 6 25 theme stress-inducing 1283:1297 arg1 A23187 1328:1333 the calcium ionophore A23187 1306:1333 the calcium ionophore A23187 1306:1333 UDP-GlcNAc is essential for N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high UAP1 expression associates with resistance against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) but not with a general ER stress-inducing agent, the calcium ionophore A23187. 25241896 6 25 theme stress-inducing 1283:1297 arg1 agent 1299:1303 a general ER stress-inducing agent 1270:1303 a general ER stress-inducing agent 1270:1303 UDP-GlcNAc is essential for N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high UAP1 expression associates with resistance against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) but not with a general ER stress-inducing agent, the calcium ionophore A23187. 25241896 3 26 theme hexosamine 479:488 arg1 HBP 512:514 HBP 512:514 HBP 512:514 Here we assess the levels of all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes in 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets and identify the last enzyme in the pathway, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1), to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. 25241896 3 26 theme hexosamine 479:488 arg1 pathway 503:509 hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 479:509 all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes 475:523 Here we assess the levels of all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes in 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets and identify the last enzyme in the pathway, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1), to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. 25241896 7 27 theme N-linked 1407:1414 arg1 glycosylation 1416:1428 N-linked glycosylation 1407:1428 N-linked glycosylation 1407:1428 Knockdown of UAP1 expression re-sensitized cells towards inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation, as measured by proliferation and activation of ER stress markers. 25241896 1 28 theme deaths 174:179 arg1 signaling 193:201 signaling 193:201 signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) 193:258 Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, and signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) is an important driver of the disease. 25241896 1 28 theme deaths 174:179 arg1 cancer 114:119 Prostate cancer 105:119 Prostate cancer 105:119 Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, and signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) is an important driver of the disease. 25241896 1 28 theme deaths 174:179 arg1 cause 147:151 the second most common cause 124:151 the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men 124:186 Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, and signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) is an important driver of the disease. 25241896 1 28 theme deaths 174:179 arg1 driver 276:281 an important driver 263:281 an important driver of the disease 263:296 Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, and signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) is an important driver of the disease. 25241896 6 29 theme calcium 1310:1316 arg1 A23187 1328:1333 the calcium ionophore A23187 1306:1333 the calcium ionophore A23187 1306:1333 UDP-GlcNAc is essential for N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high UAP1 expression associates with resistance against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) but not with a general ER stress-inducing agent, the calcium ionophore A23187. 25241896 6 29 theme calcium 1310:1316 arg1 agent 1299:1303 a general ER stress-inducing agent 1270:1303 a general ER stress-inducing agent 1270:1303 UDP-GlcNAc is essential for N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high UAP1 expression associates with resistance against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) but not with a general ER stress-inducing agent, the calcium ionophore A23187. 25241896 5 30 theme high 919:922 arg1 expression 929:938 high UAP1 expression 919:938 high UAP1 expression 919:938 Cells with high UAP1 expression have 10-fold increased levels of the HBP end-product, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). 25241896 7 31 theme UAP1 1349:1352 arg1 expression 1354:1363 UAP1 expression 1349:1363 UAP1 expression 1349:1363 Knockdown of UAP1 expression re-sensitized cells towards inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation, as measured by proliferation and activation of ER stress markers. 25241896 8 32 theme growth 1652:1657 arg1 advantage 1659:1667 a growth advantage 1650:1667 a growth advantage 1650:1667 Taken together, we have identified an enzyme, UAP1, which is highly overexpressed in prostate cancer and protects cancer cells from ER stress conferring a growth advantage. 25241896 3 33 theme enzymes 517:523 arg1 levels 465:470 the levels 461:470 the levels of all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes in 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets 461:573 Here we assess the levels of all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes in 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets and identify the last enzyme in the pathway, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1), to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. 25241896 4 34 theme prostate 736:743 arg1 cancers 745:751 3261 prostate cancers 731:751 3261 prostate cancers 731:751 We analyzed 3261 prostate cancers on a tissue microarray and found that UAP1 staining correlates negatively with Gleason score (P=0.0039) and positively with high AR expression (P<0.0001). 25241896 6 35 theme ER 1280:1281 arg1 A23187 1328:1333 the calcium ionophore A23187 1306:1333 the calcium ionophore A23187 1306:1333 UDP-GlcNAc is essential for N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high UAP1 expression associates with resistance against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) but not with a general ER stress-inducing agent, the calcium ionophore A23187. 25241896 6 35 theme ER 1280:1281 arg1 agent 1299:1303 a general ER stress-inducing agent 1270:1303 a general ER stress-inducing agent 1270:1303 UDP-GlcNAc is essential for N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high UAP1 expression associates with resistance against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) but not with a general ER stress-inducing agent, the calcium ionophore A23187. 25241896 7 36 theme expression 1354:1363 arg1 Knockdown 1336:1344 Knockdown 1336:1344 Knockdown of UAP1 expression 1336:1363 Knockdown of UAP1 expression re-sensitized cells towards inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation, as measured by proliferation and activation of ER stress markers. 25241896 6 37 theme general 1272:1278 arg1 A23187 1328:1333 the calcium ionophore A23187 1306:1333 the calcium ionophore A23187 1306:1333 UDP-GlcNAc is essential for N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high UAP1 expression associates with resistance against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) but not with a general ER stress-inducing agent, the calcium ionophore A23187. 25241896 6 37 theme general 1272:1278 arg1 agent 1299:1303 a general ER stress-inducing agent 1270:1303 a general ER stress-inducing agent 1270:1303 UDP-GlcNAc is essential for N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high UAP1 expression associates with resistance against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) but not with a general ER stress-inducing agent, the calcium ionophore A23187. 25241896 5 38 theme end-product 981:991 arg1 levels 963:968 10-fold increased levels 945:968 10-fold increased levels of the HBP end-product, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) 945:1029 Cells with high UAP1 expression have 10-fold increased levels of the HBP end-product, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). 25241896 1 39 theme Prostate 105:112 arg1 cancer 114:119 Prostate cancer 105:119 Prostate cancer 105:119 Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, and signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) is an important driver of the disease. 25241896 1 39 theme Prostate 105:112 arg1 cause 147:151 the second most common cause 124:151 the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men 124:186 Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, and signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) is an important driver of the disease. 25241896 6 40 link N-linked 1201:1208 arg1 glycosylation 1210:1222 N-linked glycosylation 1201:1222 N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) 1201:1255 UDP-GlcNAc is essential for N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high UAP1 expression associates with resistance against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) but not with a general ER stress-inducing agent, the calcium ionophore A23187. 25241896 2 41 theme cancer 432:437 arg1 cells 439:443 the cancer cells 428:443 the cancer cells 428:443 Consequently, AR target genes are prominent candidates to be specific for prostate cancer and also important for the survival of the cancer cells. 25241896 1 42 theme important 266:274 arg1 signaling 193:201 signaling 193:201 signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) 193:258 Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, and signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) is an important driver of the disease. 25241896 1 42 theme important 266:274 arg1 driver 276:281 an important driver 263:281 an important driver of the disease 263:296 Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, and signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) is an important driver of the disease. 25241896 3 43 theme last 592:595 arg1 pyrophosphorylase 644:660 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 620:662 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1) 620:669 Here we assess the levels of all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes in 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets and identify the last enzyme in the pathway, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1), to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. 25241896 3 43 theme last 592:595 arg1 enzyme 597:602 the last enzyme 588:602 the last enzyme in the pathway 588:617 Here we assess the levels of all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes in 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets and identify the last enzyme in the pathway, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1), to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. 25241896 3 44 theme separate 531:538 arg1 data 565:568 15 separate clinical gene expression data 528:568 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets 528:573 Here we assess the levels of all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes in 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets and identify the last enzyme in the pathway, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1), to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. 25241896 7 45 theme ER 1478:1479 arg1 markers 1488:1494 ER stress markers 1478:1494 ER stress markers 1478:1494 Knockdown of UAP1 expression re-sensitized cells towards inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation, as measured by proliferation and activation of ER stress markers. 25241896 2 46 theme prostate 373:380 arg1 cancer 382:387 prostate cancer 373:387 prostate cancer 373:387 Consequently, AR target genes are prominent candidates to be specific for prostate cancer and also important for the survival of the cancer cells. 25241896 0 47 theme prostate 25:32 arg1 cancer 34:39 prostate cancer 25:39 prostate cancer 25:39 UAP1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer and is protective against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation. 25241896 6 48 link N-linked 1060:1067 arg1 glycosylation 1069:1081 N-linked glycosylation 1060:1081 N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 1060:1125 UDP-GlcNAc is essential for N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high UAP1 expression associates with resistance against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) but not with a general ER stress-inducing agent, the calcium ionophore A23187. 25241896 3 49 theme clinical 540:547 arg1 data 565:568 15 separate clinical gene expression data 528:568 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets 528:573 Here we assess the levels of all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes in 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets and identify the last enzyme in the pathway, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1), to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. 25241896 3 50 theme prostate 702:709 arg1 cancer 711:716 prostate cancer 702:716 prostate cancer 702:716 Here we assess the levels of all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes in 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets and identify the last enzyme in the pathway, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1), to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. 25241896 4 51 theme high 877:880 arg1 P<0.0001 897:904 P<0.0001 897:904 P<0.0001 897:904 We analyzed 3261 prostate cancers on a tissue microarray and found that UAP1 staining correlates negatively with Gleason score (P=0.0039) and positively with high AR expression (P<0.0001). 25241896 4 51 theme high 877:880 arg1 expression 885:894 high AR expression 877:894 high AR expression (P<0.0001) 877:905 We analyzed 3261 prostate cancers on a tissue microarray and found that UAP1 staining correlates negatively with Gleason score (P=0.0039) and positively with high AR expression (P<0.0001). 25241896 4 52 theme Gleason 832:838 arg1 score 840:844 Gleason score 832:844 Gleason score (P=0.0039) 832:855 We analyzed 3261 prostate cancers on a tissue microarray and found that UAP1 staining correlates negatively with Gleason score (P=0.0039) and positively with high AR expression (P<0.0001). 25241896 4 52 theme Gleason 832:838 arg1 P=0.0039 847:854 P=0.0039 847:854 P=0.0039 847:854 We analyzed 3261 prostate cancers on a tissue microarray and found that UAP1 staining correlates negatively with Gleason score (P=0.0039) and positively with high AR expression (P<0.0001). 25241896 5 53 theme UAP1 924:927 arg1 expression 929:938 high UAP1 expression 919:938 high UAP1 expression 919:938 Cells with high UAP1 expression have 10-fold increased levels of the HBP end-product, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). 25241896 4 54 theme tissue 758:763 arg1 microarray 765:774 a tissue microarray 756:774 a tissue microarray 756:774 We analyzed 3261 prostate cancers on a tissue microarray and found that UAP1 staining correlates negatively with Gleason score (P=0.0039) and positively with high AR expression (P<0.0001). 25241896 2 55 theme AR 313:314 arg1 genes 323:327 AR target genes 313:327 AR target genes 313:327 Consequently, AR target genes are prominent candidates to be specific for prostate cancer and also important for the survival of the cancer cells. 25241896 2 55 theme AR 313:314 arg1 candidates 343:352 prominent candidates 333:352 prominent candidates 333:352 Consequently, AR target genes are prominent candidates to be specific for prostate cancer and also important for the survival of the cancer cells. 25241896 5 56 theme increased 953:961 arg1 levels 963:968 10-fold increased levels 945:968 10-fold increased levels of the HBP end-product, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) 945:1029 Cells with high UAP1 expression have 10-fold increased levels of the HBP end-product, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). 25241896 7 57 theme stress 1481:1486 arg1 markers 1488:1494 ER stress markers 1478:1494 ER stress markers 1478:1494 Knockdown of UAP1 expression re-sensitized cells towards inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation, as measured by proliferation and activation of ER stress markers. 25241896 1 58 theme disease 290:296 arg1 signaling 193:201 signaling 193:201 signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) 193:258 Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, and signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) is an important driver of the disease. 25241896 1 58 theme disease 290:296 arg1 cancer 114:119 Prostate cancer 105:119 Prostate cancer 105:119 Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, and signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) is an important driver of the disease. 25241896 1 58 theme disease 290:296 arg1 cause 147:151 the second most common cause 124:151 the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men 124:186 Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, and signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) is an important driver of the disease. 25241896 1 58 theme disease 290:296 arg1 driver 276:281 an important driver 263:281 an important driver of the disease 263:296 Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, and signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) is an important driver of the disease. 25241896 6 59 theme UAP1 1136:1139 arg1 expression 1141:1150 high UAP1 expression 1131:1150 high UAP1 expression 1131:1150 UDP-GlcNAc is essential for N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high UAP1 expression associates with resistance against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) but not with a general ER stress-inducing agent, the calcium ionophore A23187. 25241896 3 60 theme data 565:568 arg1 sets 570:573 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets 528:573 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets 528:573 Here we assess the levels of all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes in 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets and identify the last enzyme in the pathway, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1), to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. 25241896 6 61 theme high 1131:1134 arg1 expression 1141:1150 high UAP1 expression 1131:1150 high UAP1 expression 1131:1150 UDP-GlcNAc is essential for N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high UAP1 expression associates with resistance against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) but not with a general ER stress-inducing agent, the calcium ionophore A23187. 25241896 6 62 theme endoplasmic 1100:1110 arg1 reticulum 1112:1120 the endoplasmic reticulum 1096:1120 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 1096:1125 UDP-GlcNAc is essential for N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high UAP1 expression associates with resistance against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) but not with a general ER stress-inducing agent, the calcium ionophore A23187. 25241896 6 62 theme endoplasmic 1100:1110 arg1 ER 1123:1124 ER 1123:1124 ER 1123:1124 UDP-GlcNAc is essential for N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high UAP1 expression associates with resistance against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) but not with a general ER stress-inducing agent, the calcium ionophore A23187. 25241896 2 63 dep candidates 343:352 arg1 specific 360:367 specific 360:367 specific 360:367 Consequently, AR target genes are prominent candidates to be specific for prostate cancer and also important for the survival of the cancer cells. 25241896 2 63 dep candidates 343:352 arg1 important 398:406 important 398:406 important 398:406 Consequently, AR target genes are prominent candidates to be specific for prostate cancer and also important for the survival of the cancer cells. 25241896 1 64 theme second 128:133 arg1 cancer 114:119 Prostate cancer 105:119 Prostate cancer 105:119 Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, and signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) is an important driver of the disease. 25241896 1 64 theme second 128:133 arg1 cause 147:151 the second most common cause 124:151 the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men 124:186 Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, and signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) is an important driver of the disease. 25241896 5 65 contain have 940:943 arg2 levels 963:968 10-fold increased levels 945:968 10-fold increased levels of the HBP end-product, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) 945:1029 Cells with high UAP1 expression have 10-fold increased levels of the HBP end-product, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). 25241896 5 65 contain have 940:943 arg1 Cells 908:912 Cells 908:912 Cells with high UAP1 expression 908:938 Cells with high UAP1 expression have 10-fold increased levels of the HBP end-product, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). 25241896 1 66 theme transcription 209:221 arg1 factor 223:228 a transcription factor 207:228 a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) 207:258 Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, and signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) is an important driver of the disease. 25241896 3 67 from enzyme 597:602 arg1 pathway 611:617 the pathway 607:617 the pathway 607:617 Here we assess the levels of all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes in 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets and identify the last enzyme in the pathway, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1), to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. 25241896 5 68 theme HBP 977:979 arg1 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 994:1016 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 994:1016 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) 994:1029 Cells with high UAP1 expression have 10-fold increased levels of the HBP end-product, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). 25241896 5 68 theme HBP 977:979 arg1 end-product 981:991 the HBP end-product 973:991 the HBP end-product 973:991 Cells with high UAP1 expression have 10-fold increased levels of the HBP end-product, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). 25241896 3 69 theme gene 549:552 arg1 data 565:568 15 separate clinical gene expression data 528:568 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets 528:573 Here we assess the levels of all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes in 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets and identify the last enzyme in the pathway, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1), to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. 25241896 8 70 theme cancer 1611:1616 arg1 cells 1618:1622 cancer cells 1611:1622 cancer cells 1611:1622 Taken together, we have identified an enzyme, UAP1, which is highly overexpressed in prostate cancer and protects cancer cells from ER stress conferring a growth advantage. 25241896 2 71 theme prominent 333:341 arg1 genes 323:327 AR target genes 313:327 AR target genes 313:327 Consequently, AR target genes are prominent candidates to be specific for prostate cancer and also important for the survival of the cancer cells. 25241896 2 71 theme prominent 333:341 arg1 candidates 343:352 prominent candidates 333:352 prominent candidates 333:352 Consequently, AR target genes are prominent candidates to be specific for prostate cancer and also important for the survival of the cancer cells. 25241896 3 72 theme expression 554:563 arg1 data 565:568 15 separate clinical gene expression data 528:568 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets 528:573 Here we assess the levels of all hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes in 15 separate clinical gene expression data sets and identify the last enzyme in the pathway, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1), to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. 25241896 1 73 theme common 140:145 arg1 cancer 114:119 Prostate cancer 105:119 Prostate cancer 105:119 Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, and signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) is an important driver of the disease. 25241896 1 73 theme common 140:145 arg1 cause 147:151 the second most common cause 124:151 the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men 124:186 Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, and signaling via a transcription factor called androgen receptor (AR) is an important driver of the disease. 25241896 6 74 dep glycosylation 1210:1222 arg1 2-deoxyglucose 1241:1254 2-deoxyglucose 1241:1254 2-deoxyglucose 1241:1254 UDP-GlcNAc is essential for N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high UAP1 expression associates with resistance against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) but not with a general ER stress-inducing agent, the calcium ionophore A23187. 25241896 6 74 dep glycosylation 1210:1222 arg1 tunicamycin 1225:1235 tunicamycin 1225:1235 tunicamycin 1225:1235 UDP-GlcNAc is essential for N-linked glycosylation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high UAP1 expression associates with resistance against inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation (tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose) but not with a general ER stress-inducing agent, the calcium ionophore A23187. 26460147 4 0 theme reticulum 1004:1012 arg1 α-glucosidases 1014:1027 endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II 992:1036 α-glucosidases 1014:1027 Nevertheless, betulinic acid and, to a lesser extent, oleanolic acid interfered with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1 in a similar manner to castanospermine (an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II), but not swainsonine (an inhibitor of Golgi α-mannosidase II). 26460147 1 1 theme ursolic 321:327 arg1 acid 329:332 ursolic acid 321:332 ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) 321:367 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 1 theme ursolic 321:327 arg1 acid 363:366 3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid 335:366 3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid 335:366 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 1 theme ursolic 321:327 arg1 acid 220:223 Betulinic acid 210:223 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid) 210:261 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 1 theme ursolic 321:327 arg1 acid 274:277 oleanolic acid 264:277 oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid) 264:314 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 1 theme ursolic 321:327 arg1 isomers 390:396 close structural isomers 373:396 close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids 373:449 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 0 2 link N-linked 85:92 arg1 modifications 101:113 N-linked glycan modifications 85:113 N-linked glycan modifications to intercellular adhesion molecule-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface 85:207 Betulinic acid and oleanolic acid, natural pentacyclic triterpenoids, interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to intercellular adhesion molecule-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface. 26460147 2 3 theme trafficking 555:565 arg1 effect 495:500 a unique biological effect 475:500 a unique biological effect of ursolic acid 475:516 We recently identified a unique biological effect of ursolic acid, its inhibition of the intracellular trafficking of glycoproteins. 26460147 2 3 theme trafficking 555:565 arg1 inhibition 523:532 its inhibition 519:532 its inhibition of the intracellular trafficking of glycoproteins 519:582 We recently identified a unique biological effect of ursolic acid, its inhibition of the intracellular trafficking of glycoproteins. 26460147 1 4 theme acids 445:449 arg1 isomers 390:396 close structural isomers 373:396 close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids 373:449 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 4 theme acids 445:449 arg1 acid 329:332 ursolic acid 321:332 ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) 321:367 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 4 theme acids 445:449 arg1 acid 274:277 oleanolic acid 264:277 oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid) 264:314 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 4 theme acids 445:449 arg1 acid 220:223 Betulinic acid 210:223 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid) 210:261 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 3 5 theme oleanolic 647:655 arg1 acid 657:660 oleanolic acid 647:660 oleanolic acid 647:660 In the present study, we demonstrated that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid did not inhibit the interleukin-1α-induced expression of cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26460147 6 6 theme intracellular 1424:1436 arg1 transport 1438:1446 its intracellular transport 1420:1446 its intracellular transport to the cell surface 1420:1466 Thus, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface. 26460147 1 7 theme -lupen-28-oic 243:255 arg1 acid 257:260 3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid 226:260 3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid 226:260 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 7 theme -lupen-28-oic 243:255 arg1 acid 220:223 Betulinic acid 210:223 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid) 210:261 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 0 8 theme glycan 94:99 arg1 modifications 101:113 N-linked glycan modifications 85:113 N-linked glycan modifications to intercellular adhesion molecule-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface 85:207 Betulinic acid and oleanolic acid, natural pentacyclic triterpenoids, interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to intercellular adhesion molecule-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface. 26460147 5 9 theme betulinic 1133:1141 arg1 acid 1143:1146 betulinic acid 1133:1146 betulinic acid 1133:1146 Consistent with these results, betulinic acid and oleanolic acid inhibited yeast α-glucosidase activity, but not Jack bean α-mannosidase activity. 26460147 0 10 theme cell 196:199 arg1 surface 201:207 the cell surface 192:207 the cell surface 192:207 Betulinic acid and oleanolic acid, natural pentacyclic triterpenoids, interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to intercellular adhesion molecule-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface. 26460147 5 11 theme yeast 1177:1181 arg1 activity 1197:1204 yeast α-glucosidase activity 1177:1204 yeast α-glucosidase activity 1177:1204 Consistent with these results, betulinic acid and oleanolic acid inhibited yeast α-glucosidase activity, but not Jack bean α-mannosidase activity. 26460147 4 12 theme endoplasmic 992:1002 arg1 α-glucosidases 1014:1027 endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II 992:1036 α-glucosidases 1014:1027 Nevertheless, betulinic acid and, to a lesser extent, oleanolic acid interfered with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1 in a similar manner to castanospermine (an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II), but not swainsonine (an inhibitor of Golgi α-mannosidase II). 26460147 0 13 theme N-linked 85:92 arg1 modifications 101:113 N-linked glycan modifications 85:113 N-linked glycan modifications to intercellular adhesion molecule-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface 85:207 Betulinic acid and oleanolic acid, natural pentacyclic triterpenoids, interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to intercellular adhesion molecule-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface. 26460147 1 14 theme 3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic 335:361 arg1 acid 329:332 ursolic acid 321:332 ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) 321:367 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 14 theme 3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic 335:361 arg1 acid 363:366 3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid 335:366 3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid 335:366 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 5 15 theme Jack 1215:1218 arg1 activity 1239:1246 Jack bean α-mannosidase activity 1215:1246 Jack bean α-mannosidase activity 1215:1246 Consistent with these results, betulinic acid and oleanolic acid inhibited yeast α-glucosidase activity, but not Jack bean α-mannosidase activity. 26460147 6 16 theme betulinic 1322:1330 arg1 acid 1332:1335 betulinic acid 1322:1335 betulinic acid 1322:1335 Thus, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface. 26460147 4 17 dep swainsonine 1048:1058 arg1 inhibitor 1064:1072 an inhibitor 1061:1072 an inhibitor of Golgi α-mannosidase II 1061:1098 Nevertheless, betulinic acid and, to a lesser extent, oleanolic acid interfered with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1 in a similar manner to castanospermine (an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II), but not swainsonine (an inhibitor of Golgi α-mannosidase II). 26460147 6 18 theme cell 1455:1458 arg1 surface 1460:1466 the cell surface 1451:1466 the cell surface 1451:1466 Thus, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface. 26460147 4 19 theme lesser 850:855 arg1 extent 857:862 a lesser extent 848:862 a lesser extent 848:862 Nevertheless, betulinic acid and, to a lesser extent, oleanolic acid interfered with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1 in a similar manner to castanospermine (an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II), but not swainsonine (an inhibitor of Golgi α-mannosidase II). 26460147 6 20 theme N-linked 1371:1378 arg1 modifications 1387:1399 N-linked glycan modifications 1371:1399 N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface 1371:1466 Thus, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface. 26460147 3 21 theme adhesion 746:753 arg1 molecule-1 755:764 cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 719:764 cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) 719:773 In the present study, we demonstrated that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid did not inhibit the interleukin-1α-induced expression of cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26460147 3 21 theme adhesion 746:753 arg1 ICAM-1 767:772 ICAM-1 767:772 ICAM-1 767:772 In the present study, we demonstrated that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid did not inhibit the interleukin-1α-induced expression of cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26460147 3 22 from expression 705:714 arg1 cells 804:808 human lung carcinoma A549 cells 778:808 human lung carcinoma A549 cells 778:808 In the present study, we demonstrated that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid did not inhibit the interleukin-1α-induced expression of cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26460147 5 23 theme oleanolic 1152:1160 arg1 acid 1162:1165 oleanolic acid 1152:1165 oleanolic acid 1152:1165 Consistent with these results, betulinic acid and oleanolic acid inhibited yeast α-glucosidase activity, but not Jack bean α-mannosidase activity. 26460147 4 24 link N-linked 896:903 arg1 modifications 912:924 N-linked glycan modifications 896:924 N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1 in a similar manner to castanospermine (an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II), but not swainsonine (an inhibitor of Golgi α-mannosidase II) 896:1099 Nevertheless, betulinic acid and, to a lesser extent, oleanolic acid interfered with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1 in a similar manner to castanospermine (an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II), but not swainsonine (an inhibitor of Golgi α-mannosidase II). 26460147 3 25 theme molecule-1 755:764 arg1 expression 705:714 the interleukin-1α-induced expression 678:714 the interleukin-1α-induced expression of cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human lung carcinoma A549 cells 678:808 In the present study, we demonstrated that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid did not inhibit the interleukin-1α-induced expression of cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26460147 4 26 theme oleanolic 865:873 arg1 acid 875:878 oleanolic acid 865:878 oleanolic acid 865:878 Nevertheless, betulinic acid and, to a lesser extent, oleanolic acid interfered with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1 in a similar manner to castanospermine (an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II), but not swainsonine (an inhibitor of Golgi α-mannosidase II). 26460147 6 27 theme glycan 1380:1385 arg1 modifications 1387:1399 N-linked glycan modifications 1371:1399 N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface 1371:1466 Thus, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface. 26460147 0 28 theme Betulinic 0:8 arg1 acid 10:13 Betulinic acid 0:13 Betulinic acid 0:13 Betulinic acid and oleanolic acid, natural pentacyclic triterpenoids, interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to intercellular adhesion molecule-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface. 26460147 3 29 theme human 778:782 arg1 cells 804:808 human lung carcinoma A549 cells 778:808 human lung carcinoma A549 cells 778:808 In the present study, we demonstrated that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid did not inhibit the interleukin-1α-induced expression of cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26460147 4 30 theme II 1035:1036 arg1 inhibitor 979:987 an inhibitor 976:987 an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II 976:1036 Nevertheless, betulinic acid and, to a lesser extent, oleanolic acid interfered with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1 in a similar manner to castanospermine (an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II), but not swainsonine (an inhibitor of Golgi α-mannosidase II). 26460147 4 31 from ICAM-1 929:934 arg1 manner 949:954 a similar manner 939:954 a similar manner 939:954 Nevertheless, betulinic acid and, to a lesser extent, oleanolic acid interfered with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1 in a similar manner to castanospermine (an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II), but not swainsonine (an inhibitor of Golgi α-mannosidase II). 26460147 0 32 theme oleanolic 19:27 arg1 acid 29:32 oleanolic acid 19:32 oleanolic acid 19:32 Betulinic acid and oleanolic acid, natural pentacyclic triterpenoids, interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to intercellular adhesion molecule-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface. 26460147 1 33 theme oleanolic 264:272 arg1 acid 274:277 oleanolic acid 264:277 oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid) 264:314 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 33 theme oleanolic 264:272 arg1 acid 310:313 3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid 280:313 3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid 280:313 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 33 theme oleanolic 264:272 arg1 acid 220:223 Betulinic acid 210:223 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid) 210:261 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 33 theme oleanolic 264:272 arg1 acid 329:332 ursolic acid 321:332 ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) 321:367 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 33 theme oleanolic 264:272 arg1 isomers 390:396 close structural isomers 373:396 close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids 373:449 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 0 34 theme adhesion 132:139 arg1 molecule-1 141:150 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 118:150 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 118:150 Betulinic acid and oleanolic acid, natural pentacyclic triterpenoids, interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to intercellular adhesion molecule-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface. 26460147 6 35 theme oleanolic 1341:1349 arg1 acid 1351:1354 oleanolic acid 1341:1354 oleanolic acid 1341:1354 Thus, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface. 26460147 5 36 theme α-glucosidase 1183:1195 arg1 activity 1197:1204 yeast α-glucosidase activity 1177:1204 yeast α-glucosidase activity 1177:1204 Consistent with these results, betulinic acid and oleanolic acid inhibited yeast α-glucosidase activity, but not Jack bean α-mannosidase activity. 26460147 0 37 theme intercellular 118:130 arg1 molecule-1 141:150 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 118:150 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 118:150 Betulinic acid and oleanolic acid, natural pentacyclic triterpenoids, interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to intercellular adhesion molecule-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface. 26460147 1 38 theme close 373:377 arg1 isomers 390:396 close structural isomers 373:396 close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids 373:449 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 38 theme close 373:377 arg1 acid 329:332 ursolic acid 321:332 ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) 321:367 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 38 theme close 373:377 arg1 acid 274:277 oleanolic acid 264:277 oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid) 264:314 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 38 theme close 373:377 arg1 acid 220:223 Betulinic acid 210:223 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid) 210:261 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 2 39 theme biological 484:493 arg1 effect 495:500 a unique biological effect 475:500 a unique biological effect of ursolic acid 475:516 We recently identified a unique biological effect of ursolic acid, its inhibition of the intracellular trafficking of glycoproteins. 26460147 2 39 theme biological 484:493 arg1 inhibition 523:532 its inhibition 519:532 its inhibition of the intracellular trafficking of glycoproteins 519:582 We recently identified a unique biological effect of ursolic acid, its inhibition of the intracellular trafficking of glycoproteins. 26460147 2 40 theme intracellular 541:553 arg1 trafficking 555:565 the intracellular trafficking 537:565 the intracellular trafficking of glycoproteins 537:582 We recently identified a unique biological effect of ursolic acid, its inhibition of the intracellular trafficking of glycoproteins. 26460147 1 41 theme structural 379:388 arg1 isomers 390:396 close structural isomers 373:396 close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids 373:449 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 41 theme structural 379:388 arg1 acid 329:332 ursolic acid 321:332 ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) 321:367 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 41 theme structural 379:388 arg1 acid 274:277 oleanolic acid 264:277 oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid) 264:314 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 41 theme structural 379:388 arg1 acid 220:223 Betulinic acid 210:223 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid) 210:261 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 4 42 theme similar 941:947 arg1 manner 949:954 a similar manner 939:954 a similar manner 939:954 Nevertheless, betulinic acid and, to a lesser extent, oleanolic acid interfered with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1 in a similar manner to castanospermine (an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II), but not swainsonine (an inhibitor of Golgi α-mannosidase II). 26460147 6 43 theme first 1297:1301 arg1 study 1303:1307 the first study 1293:1307 the first study to show that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface 1293:1466 Thus, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface. 26460147 6 43 theme first 1297:1301 arg1 this 1285:1288 this 1285:1288 this 1285:1288 Thus, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface. 26460147 1 44 theme Betulinic 210:218 arg1 isomers 390:396 close structural isomers 373:396 close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids 373:449 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 44 theme Betulinic 210:218 arg1 acid 329:332 ursolic acid 321:332 ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) 321:367 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 44 theme Betulinic 210:218 arg1 acid 257:260 3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid 226:260 3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid 226:260 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 44 theme Betulinic 210:218 arg1 acid 274:277 oleanolic acid 264:277 oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid) 264:314 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 44 theme Betulinic 210:218 arg1 acid 220:223 Betulinic acid 210:223 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid) 210:261 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 2 45 theme unique 477:482 arg1 effect 495:500 a unique biological effect 475:500 a unique biological effect of ursolic acid 475:516 We recently identified a unique biological effect of ursolic acid, its inhibition of the intracellular trafficking of glycoproteins. 26460147 2 45 theme unique 477:482 arg1 inhibition 523:532 its inhibition 519:532 its inhibition of the intracellular trafficking of glycoproteins 519:582 We recently identified a unique biological effect of ursolic acid, its inhibition of the intracellular trafficking of glycoproteins. 26460147 1 46 theme 3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic 280:308 arg1 acid 274:277 oleanolic acid 264:277 oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid) 264:314 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 1 46 theme 3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic 280:308 arg1 acid 310:313 3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid 280:313 3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid 280:313 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 4 47 theme α-glucosidases 1014:1027 arg1 inhibitor 979:987 an inhibitor 976:987 an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II 976:1036 Nevertheless, betulinic acid and, to a lesser extent, oleanolic acid interfered with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1 in a similar manner to castanospermine (an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II), but not swainsonine (an inhibitor of Golgi α-mannosidase II). 26460147 0 48 theme pentacyclic 43:53 arg1 triterpenoids 55:67 natural pentacyclic triterpenoids 35:67 natural pentacyclic triterpenoids 35:67 Betulinic acid and oleanolic acid, natural pentacyclic triterpenoids, interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to intercellular adhesion molecule-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface. 26460147 3 49 theme lung 784:787 arg1 cells 804:808 human lung carcinoma A549 cells 778:808 human lung carcinoma A549 cells 778:808 In the present study, we demonstrated that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid did not inhibit the interleukin-1α-induced expression of cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26460147 3 50 theme present 592:598 arg1 study 600:604 the present study 588:604 the present study 588:604 In the present study, we demonstrated that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid did not inhibit the interleukin-1α-induced expression of cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26460147 0 51 theme natural 35:41 arg1 triterpenoids 55:67 natural pentacyclic triterpenoids 35:67 natural pentacyclic triterpenoids 35:67 Betulinic acid and oleanolic acid, natural pentacyclic triterpenoids, interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to intercellular adhesion molecule-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface. 26460147 3 52 theme carcinoma 789:797 arg1 cells 804:808 human lung carcinoma A549 cells 778:808 human lung carcinoma A549 cells 778:808 In the present study, we demonstrated that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid did not inhibit the interleukin-1α-induced expression of cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26460147 4 53 theme glycan 905:910 arg1 modifications 912:924 N-linked glycan modifications 896:924 N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1 in a similar manner to castanospermine (an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II), but not swainsonine (an inhibitor of Golgi α-mannosidase II) 896:1099 Nevertheless, betulinic acid and, to a lesser extent, oleanolic acid interfered with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1 in a similar manner to castanospermine (an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II), but not swainsonine (an inhibitor of Golgi α-mannosidase II). 26460147 1 54 theme natural 401:407 arg1 acids 445:449 natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids 401:449 natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids 401:449 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 3 55 theme interleukin-1α-induced 682:703 arg1 expression 705:714 the interleukin-1α-induced expression 678:714 the interleukin-1α-induced expression of cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human lung carcinoma A549 cells 678:808 In the present study, we demonstrated that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid did not inhibit the interleukin-1α-induced expression of cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26460147 4 56 theme N-linked 896:903 arg1 modifications 912:924 N-linked glycan modifications 896:924 N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1 in a similar manner to castanospermine (an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II), but not swainsonine (an inhibitor of Golgi α-mannosidase II) 896:1099 Nevertheless, betulinic acid and, to a lesser extent, oleanolic acid interfered with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1 in a similar manner to castanospermine (an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II), but not swainsonine (an inhibitor of Golgi α-mannosidase II). 26460147 4 57 theme Golgi 1077:1081 arg1 α-mannosidase 1083:1095 Golgi α-mannosidase II 1077:1098 Golgi α-mannosidase II 1077:1098 Nevertheless, betulinic acid and, to a lesser extent, oleanolic acid interfered with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1 in a similar manner to castanospermine (an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II), but not swainsonine (an inhibitor of Golgi α-mannosidase II). 26460147 3 58 theme A549 799:802 arg1 cells 804:808 human lung carcinoma A549 cells 778:808 human lung carcinoma A549 cells 778:808 In the present study, we demonstrated that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid did not inhibit the interleukin-1α-induced expression of cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26460147 0 59 theme intracellular 165:177 arg1 transport 179:187 its intracellular transport 161:187 its intracellular transport to the cell surface 161:207 Betulinic acid and oleanolic acid, natural pentacyclic triterpenoids, interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to intercellular adhesion molecule-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface. 26460147 1 60 theme pentacyclic 409:419 arg1 acids 445:449 natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids 401:449 natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids 401:449 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 3 61 theme betulinic 628:636 arg1 acid 638:641 betulinic acid 628:641 betulinic acid 628:641 In the present study, we demonstrated that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid did not inhibit the interleukin-1α-induced expression of cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26460147 2 62 gly glycoproteins 570:582 arg1 glycoproteins 570:582 glycoproteins 570:582 glycoproteins 570:582 We recently identified a unique biological effect of ursolic acid, its inhibition of the intracellular trafficking of glycoproteins. 26460147 5 63 theme bean 1220:1223 arg1 activity 1239:1246 Jack bean α-mannosidase activity 1215:1246 Jack bean α-mannosidase activity 1215:1246 Consistent with these results, betulinic acid and oleanolic acid inhibited yeast α-glucosidase activity, but not Jack bean α-mannosidase activity. 26460147 2 64 theme glycoproteins 570:582 arg1 trafficking 555:565 the intracellular trafficking 537:565 the intracellular trafficking of glycoproteins 537:582 We recently identified a unique biological effect of ursolic acid, its inhibition of the intracellular trafficking of glycoproteins. 26460147 1 65 theme triterpenoid 421:432 arg1 acids 445:449 natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids 401:449 natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids 401:449 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 5 66 with Consistent 1102:1111 arg1 results 1124:1130 these results 1118:1130 these results 1118:1130 Consistent with these results, betulinic acid and oleanolic acid inhibited yeast α-glucosidase activity, but not Jack bean α-mannosidase activity. 26460147 4 67 dep castanospermine 959:973 arg1 inhibitor 979:987 an inhibitor 976:987 an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II 976:1036 Nevertheless, betulinic acid and, to a lesser extent, oleanolic acid interfered with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1 in a similar manner to castanospermine (an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II), but not swainsonine (an inhibitor of Golgi α-mannosidase II). 26460147 5 68 theme α-mannosidase 1225:1237 arg1 activity 1239:1246 Jack bean α-mannosidase activity 1215:1246 Jack bean α-mannosidase activity 1215:1246 Consistent with these results, betulinic acid and oleanolic acid inhibited yeast α-glucosidase activity, but not Jack bean α-mannosidase activity. 26460147 2 69 theme acid 513:516 arg1 effect 495:500 a unique biological effect 475:500 a unique biological effect of ursolic acid 475:516 We recently identified a unique biological effect of ursolic acid, its inhibition of the intracellular trafficking of glycoproteins. 26460147 2 69 theme acid 513:516 arg1 inhibition 523:532 its inhibition 519:532 its inhibition of the intracellular trafficking of glycoproteins 519:582 We recently identified a unique biological effect of ursolic acid, its inhibition of the intracellular trafficking of glycoproteins. 26460147 1 70 theme carboxylic 434:443 arg1 acids 445:449 natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids 401:449 natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids 401:449 Betulinic acid (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) are close structural isomers of natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acids. 26460147 6 71 link N-linked 1371:1378 arg1 modifications 1387:1399 N-linked glycan modifications 1371:1399 N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface 1371:1466 Thus, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid interfere with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1, but not its intracellular transport to the cell surface. 26460147 4 72 theme α-mannosidase 1083:1095 arg1 inhibitor 1064:1072 an inhibitor 1061:1072 an inhibitor of Golgi α-mannosidase II 1061:1098 Nevertheless, betulinic acid and, to a lesser extent, oleanolic acid interfered with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1 in a similar manner to castanospermine (an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II), but not swainsonine (an inhibitor of Golgi α-mannosidase II). 26460147 2 73 theme ursolic 505:511 arg1 acid 513:516 ursolic acid 505:516 ursolic acid 505:516 We recently identified a unique biological effect of ursolic acid, its inhibition of the intracellular trafficking of glycoproteins. 26460147 3 74 theme cell-surface 719:730 arg1 molecule-1 755:764 cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 719:764 cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) 719:773 In the present study, we demonstrated that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid did not inhibit the interleukin-1α-induced expression of cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26460147 3 74 theme cell-surface 719:730 arg1 ICAM-1 767:772 ICAM-1 767:772 ICAM-1 767:772 In the present study, we demonstrated that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid did not inhibit the interleukin-1α-induced expression of cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26460147 4 75 theme betulinic 825:833 arg1 acid 835:838 betulinic acid 825:838 betulinic acid 825:838 Nevertheless, betulinic acid and, to a lesser extent, oleanolic acid interfered with N-linked glycan modifications to ICAM-1 in a similar manner to castanospermine (an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II), but not swainsonine (an inhibitor of Golgi α-mannosidase II). 26460147 3 76 theme intercellular 732:744 arg1 molecule-1 755:764 cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 719:764 cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) 719:773 In the present study, we demonstrated that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid did not inhibit the interleukin-1α-induced expression of cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 26460147 3 76 theme intercellular 732:744 arg1 ICAM-1 767:772 ICAM-1 767:772 ICAM-1 767:772 In the present study, we demonstrated that betulinic acid and oleanolic acid did not inhibit the interleukin-1α-induced expression of cell-surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. 25346946 5 0 gly glycosite 1039:1047 arg2 glycosite 1039:1047 actual glycosite sequences 1032:1057 actual glycosite sequences 1032:1057 Also, these varying length peptide species complicate protein inference as smaller sized peptide sequences are more likely to map to more proteins than larger sized peptides or actual glycosite sequences. 25346946 11 1 theme independent 1615:1625 arg1 language 1643:1650 the platform independent Java programing language 1602:1650 the platform independent Java programing language 1602:1650 We implemented XGlycScan in the platform independent Java programing language and have made it available as open source. 25346946 9 2 theme search-engine 1458:1470 arg1 identification 1472:1485 search-engine identification 1458:1485 search-engine identification 1458:1485 We also observed that mapping identified peptides to glycosites provided an assessment of search-engine identification. 25346946 12 3 from https 1742:1746 arg1 available 1729:1737 available 1729:1737 available 1729:1737 XGlycScan's source code is freely available at https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscan/src and its compiled binaries and documentation can be freely downloaded at https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscan/downloads. 25346946 7 4 theme peptide 1118:1124 arg1 species 1126:1132 varying length peptide species 1103:1132 varying length peptide species 1103:1132 XGlycScan maps varying length peptide species to glycosites to facilitate an accurate quantification of glycosite associated spectra counts. 25346946 1 5 link N-linked 280:287 arg1 glycan 289:294 N-linked glycan 280:294 N-linked glycan 280:294 Mass spectrometry based glycoproteomics has become a major means of identifying and characterizing previously N-linked glycan attached loci (glycosites). 25346946 13 6 theme user 1925:1928 arg1 interface 1930:1938 The graphical user interface 1911:1938 The graphical user interface version 1911:1946 The graphical user interface version can also be found at https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/src and https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/downloads respectively. 25346946 3 7 theme glycosites 703:712 arg1 set 696:698 a unique set 687:698 a unique set of glycosites 687:712 Given that multiple PSM scan map to a glycosite, we reason that identified PSMs are varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites. 25346946 3 7 theme glycosites 703:712 arg1 glycosites 703:712 glycosites 703:712 glycosites 703:712 Given that multiple PSM scan map to a glycosite, we reason that identified PSMs are varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites. 25346946 7 8 theme varying 1103:1109 arg1 species 1126:1132 varying length peptide species 1103:1132 varying length peptide species 1103:1132 XGlycScan maps varying length peptide species to glycosites to facilitate an accurate quantification of glycosite associated spectra counts. 25346946 0 9 link N-linked 39:46 arg1 Assignment 58:67 N-linked Glycosite Assignment 39:67 N-linked Glycosite Assignment 39:67 XGlycScan: An Open-source Software For N-linked Glycosite Assignment, Quantification and Quality Assessment of Data from Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis. 25346946 11 10 theme programing 1632:1641 arg1 language 1643:1650 the platform independent Java programing language 1602:1650 the platform independent Java programing language 1602:1650 We implemented XGlycScan in the platform independent Java programing language and have made it available as open source. 25346946 2 11 theme bottom-up 331:339 arg1 approach 341:348 the bottom-up approach 327:348 the bottom-up approach 327:348 In the bottom-up approach, several factors which include but not limited to sample preparation, mass spectrometry analyses, and protein sequence database searches result in previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths. 25346946 5 12 theme length 875:880 arg1 species 890:896 these varying length peptide species 861:896 these varying length peptide species 861:896 Also, these varying length peptide species complicate protein inference as smaller sized peptide sequences are more likely to map to more proteins than larger sized peptides or actual glycosite sequences. 25346946 3 13 gly glycosite 607:615 arg2 glycosite 607:615 a glycosite 605:615 a glycosite 605:615 Given that multiple PSM scan map to a glycosite, we reason that identified PSMs are varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites. 25346946 3 14 theme multiple 580:587 arg1 PSM 589:591 that multiple PSM scan map to a glycosite 575:615 that multiple PSM scan map to a glycosite 575:615 Given that multiple PSM scan map to a glycosite, we reason that identified PSMs are varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites. 25346946 1 15 theme major 223:227 arg1 means 229:233 a major means 221:233 a major means of identifying and characterizing previously N-linked glycan attached loci (glycosites) 221:321 Mass spectrometry based glycoproteomics has become a major means of identifying and characterizing previously N-linked glycan attached loci (glycosites). 25346946 2 16 theme lengths 560:566 arg1 PSMs 543:546 PSMs 543:546 PSMs 543:546 In the bottom-up approach, several factors which include but not limited to sample preparation, mass spectrometry analyses, and protein sequence database searches result in previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths. 25346946 2 16 theme lengths 560:566 arg1 matches 534:540 previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches 497:540 previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths 497:566 In the bottom-up approach, several factors which include but not limited to sample preparation, mass spectrometry analyses, and protein sequence database searches result in previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths. 25346946 0 17 from Quantification 70:83 arg1 Analysis 160:167 Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis 121:167 Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis 121:167 XGlycScan: An Open-source Software For N-linked Glycosite Assignment, Quantification and Quality Assessment of Data from Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis. 25346946 8 18 theme mass 1306:1309 arg1 spectrometry 1311:1322 mass spectrometry technical replicates 1306:1343 mass spectrometry technical replicates of our sample dataset 1306:1365 We observed that this reduced the variability in reported identifications of mass spectrometry technical replicates of our sample dataset. 25346946 0 19 theme Spectrometry-based 126:143 arg1 Analysis 160:167 Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis 121:167 Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis 121:167 XGlycScan: An Open-source Software For N-linked Glycosite Assignment, Quantification and Quality Assessment of Data from Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis. 25346946 7 20 theme accurate 1165:1172 arg1 quantification 1174:1187 an accurate quantification 1162:1187 an accurate quantification of glycosite associated spectra counts 1162:1226 XGlycScan maps varying length peptide species to glycosites to facilitate an accurate quantification of glycosite associated spectra counts. 25346946 1 21 gly glycosites 311:320 arg2 loci 305:308 previously N-linked glycan attached loci 269:308 previously N-linked glycan attached loci (glycosites) 269:321 Mass spectrometry based glycoproteomics has become a major means of identifying and characterizing previously N-linked glycan attached loci (glycosites). 25346946 1 21 gly glycosites 311:320 arg2 glycosites 311:320 glycosites 311:320 glycosites 311:320 Mass spectrometry based glycoproteomics has become a major means of identifying and characterizing previously N-linked glycan attached loci (glycosites). 25346946 0 22 from Assignment 58:67 arg1 Analysis 160:167 Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis 121:167 Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis 121:167 XGlycScan: An Open-source Software For N-linked Glycosite Assignment, Quantification and Quality Assessment of Data from Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis. 25346946 2 23 link N-linked 508:515 arg1 PSMs 543:546 PSMs 543:546 PSMs 543:546 In the bottom-up approach, several factors which include but not limited to sample preparation, mass spectrometry analyses, and protein sequence database searches result in previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths. 25346946 2 23 link N-linked 508:515 arg1 matches 534:540 previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches 497:540 previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths 497:566 In the bottom-up approach, several factors which include but not limited to sample preparation, mass spectrometry analyses, and protein sequence database searches result in previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths. 25346946 8 24 theme technical 1324:1332 arg1 spectrometry 1311:1322 mass spectrometry technical replicates 1306:1343 mass spectrometry technical replicates of our sample dataset 1306:1365 We observed that this reduced the variability in reported identifications of mass spectrometry technical replicates of our sample dataset. 25346946 5 25 theme glycosite 1039:1047 arg1 sequences 1049:1057 actual glycosite sequences 1032:1057 actual glycosite sequences 1032:1057 Also, these varying length peptide species complicate protein inference as smaller sized peptide sequences are more likely to map to more proteins than larger sized peptides or actual glycosite sequences. 25346946 4 26 theme associated 723:732 arg1 spectra 734:740 associated spectra 723:740 associated spectra of these PSMs 723:754 Because associated spectra of these PSMs are typically summed separately, true glycosite associated spectra counts are lost or complicated. 25346946 5 27 theme sized 938:942 arg1 sequences 952:960 smaller sized peptide sequences 930:960 smaller sized peptide sequences 930:960 Also, these varying length peptide species complicate protein inference as smaller sized peptide sequences are more likely to map to more proteins than larger sized peptides or actual glycosite sequences. 25346946 0 28 from Quality 89:95 arg1 Analysis 160:167 Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis 121:167 Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis 121:167 XGlycScan: An Open-source Software For N-linked Glycosite Assignment, Quantification and Quality Assessment of Data from Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis. 25346946 8 29 theme sample 1352:1357 arg1 dataset 1359:1365 our sample dataset 1348:1365 our sample dataset 1348:1365 We observed that this reduced the variability in reported identifications of mass spectrometry technical replicates of our sample dataset. 25346946 9 30 theme identification 1472:1485 arg1 assessment 1444:1453 an assessment 1441:1453 an assessment of search-engine identification 1441:1485 We also observed that mapping identified peptides to glycosites provided an assessment of search-engine identification. 25346946 2 31 theme peptide 517:523 arg1 PSMs 543:546 PSMs 543:546 PSMs 543:546 In the bottom-up approach, several factors which include but not limited to sample preparation, mass spectrometry analyses, and protein sequence database searches result in previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths. 25346946 2 31 theme peptide 517:523 arg1 matches 534:540 previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches 497:540 previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths 497:566 In the bottom-up approach, several factors which include but not limited to sample preparation, mass spectrometry analyses, and protein sequence database searches result in previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths. 25346946 10 32 theme reported 1510:1517 arg1 glycosites 1519:1528 XGlycScan reported glycosites 1500:1528 XGlycScan reported glycosites 1500:1528 Inherently, XGlycScan reported glycosites reduce the complexity in protein inference. 25346946 5 33 theme protein 909:915 arg1 inference 917:925 protein inference 909:925 protein inference 909:925 Also, these varying length peptide species complicate protein inference as smaller sized peptide sequences are more likely to map to more proteins than larger sized peptides or actual glycosite sequences. 25346946 7 34 theme spectra 1213:1219 arg1 counts 1221:1226 glycosite associated spectra counts 1192:1226 glycosite associated spectra counts 1192:1226 XGlycScan maps varying length peptide species to glycosites to facilitate an accurate quantification of glycosite associated spectra counts. 25346946 2 35 theme database 469:476 arg1 searches 478:485 protein sequence database searches 452:485 protein sequence database searches 452:485 In the bottom-up approach, several factors which include but not limited to sample preparation, mass spectrometry analyses, and protein sequence database searches result in previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths. 25346946 2 36 theme sample 400:405 arg1 preparation 407:417 sample preparation 400:417 sample preparation 400:417 In the bottom-up approach, several factors which include but not limited to sample preparation, mass spectrometry analyses, and protein sequence database searches result in previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths. 25346946 7 37 theme glycosite 1192:1200 arg1 counts 1221:1226 glycosite associated spectra counts 1192:1226 glycosite associated spectra counts 1192:1226 XGlycScan maps varying length peptide species to glycosites to facilitate an accurate quantification of glycosite associated spectra counts. 25346946 2 38 theme protein 452:458 arg1 searches 478:485 protein sequence database searches 452:485 protein sequence database searches 452:485 In the bottom-up approach, several factors which include but not limited to sample preparation, mass spectrometry analyses, and protein sequence database searches result in previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths. 25346946 4 39 theme PSMs 751:754 arg1 spectra 734:740 associated spectra 723:740 associated spectra of these PSMs 723:754 Because associated spectra of these PSMs are typically summed separately, true glycosite associated spectra counts are lost or complicated. 25346946 0 40 dep Assignment 58:67 arg1 Assessment 97:106 Assessment 97:106 Assessment 97:106 XGlycScan: An Open-source Software For N-linked Glycosite Assignment, Quantification and Quality Assessment of Data from Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis. 25346946 3 41 gly glycosites 703:712 arg2 glycosites 703:712 glycosites 703:712 glycosites 703:712 Given that multiple PSM scan map to a glycosite, we reason that identified PSMs are varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites. 25346946 10 42 theme protein 1555:1561 arg1 inference 1563:1571 protein inference 1555:1571 protein inference 1555:1571 Inherently, XGlycScan reported glycosites reduce the complexity in protein inference. 25346946 3 43 theme varying 653:659 arg1 species 676:682 varying length peptide species 653:682 varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites 653:712 Given that multiple PSM scan map to a glycosite, we reason that identified PSMs are varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites. 25346946 3 43 theme varying 653:659 arg1 PSMs 644:647 identified PSMs 633:647 identified PSMs 633:647 Given that multiple PSM scan map to a glycosite, we reason that identified PSMs are varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites. 25346946 2 44 theme spectrometry 425:436 arg1 analyses 438:445 mass spectrometry analyses 420:445 mass spectrometry analyses 420:445 In the bottom-up approach, several factors which include but not limited to sample preparation, mass spectrometry analyses, and protein sequence database searches result in previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths. 25346946 12 45 dep code 1714:1717 arg1 //bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscan/downloads 1865:1908 //bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscan/downloads 1865:1908 //bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscan/downloads 1865:1908 XGlycScan's source code is freely available at https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscan/src and its compiled binaries and documentation can be freely downloaded at https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscan/downloads. 25346946 0 46 theme N-linked 39:46 arg1 Assignment 58:67 N-linked Glycosite Assignment 39:67 N-linked Glycosite Assignment 39:67 XGlycScan: An Open-source Software For N-linked Glycosite Assignment, Quantification and Quality Assessment of Data from Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis. 25346946 5 47 theme actual 1032:1037 arg1 sequences 1049:1057 actual glycosite sequences 1032:1057 actual glycosite sequences 1032:1057 Also, these varying length peptide species complicate protein inference as smaller sized peptide sequences are more likely to map to more proteins than larger sized peptides or actual glycosite sequences. 25346946 7 48 gly glycosite 1192:1200 arg2 glycosite 1192:1200 glycosite associated spectra counts 1192:1226 glycosite associated spectra counts 1192:1226 XGlycScan maps varying length peptide species to glycosites to facilitate an accurate quantification of glycosite associated spectra counts. 25346946 4 49 theme spectra 815:821 arg1 counts 823:828 true glycosite associated spectra counts 789:828 true glycosite associated spectra counts 789:828 Because associated spectra of these PSMs are typically summed separately, true glycosite associated spectra counts are lost or complicated. 25346946 2 50 theme several 351:357 arg1 factors 359:365 several factors 351:365 several factors which include but not limited to sample preparation, mass spectrometry analyses, and protein sequence database searches 351:485 In the bottom-up approach, several factors which include but not limited to sample preparation, mass spectrometry analyses, and protein sequence database searches result in previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths. 25346946 10 51 gly glycosites 1519:1528 arg2 glycosites 1519:1528 XGlycScan reported glycosites 1500:1528 XGlycScan reported glycosites 1500:1528 Inherently, XGlycScan reported glycosites reduce the complexity in protein inference. 25346946 13 52 theme interface 1930:1938 arg1 version 1940:1946 The graphical user interface version 1911:1946 The graphical user interface version 1911:1946 The graphical user interface version can also be found at https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/src and https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/downloads respectively. 25346946 3 53 theme peptide 668:674 arg1 species 676:682 varying length peptide species 653:682 varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites 653:712 Given that multiple PSM scan map to a glycosite, we reason that identified PSMs are varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites. 25346946 3 53 theme peptide 668:674 arg1 PSMs 644:647 identified PSMs 633:647 identified PSMs 633:647 Given that multiple PSM scan map to a glycosite, we reason that identified PSMs are varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites. 25346946 4 54 theme associated 804:813 arg1 spectra 815:821 associated spectra 804:821 true glycosite associated spectra counts 789:828 Because associated spectra of these PSMs are typically summed separately, true glycosite associated spectra counts are lost or complicated. 25346946 0 55 theme Glycosite 48:56 arg1 Assignment 58:67 N-linked Glycosite Assignment 39:67 N-linked Glycosite Assignment 39:67 XGlycScan: An Open-source Software For N-linked Glycosite Assignment, Quantification and Quality Assessment of Data from Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis. 25346946 5 56 theme larger 1007:1012 arg1 peptides 1020:1027 larger sized peptides 1007:1027 larger sized peptides 1007:1027 Also, these varying length peptide species complicate protein inference as smaller sized peptide sequences are more likely to map to more proteins than larger sized peptides or actual glycosite sequences. 25346946 1 57 theme N-linked 280:287 arg1 glycan 289:294 N-linked glycan 280:294 N-linked glycan 280:294 Mass spectrometry based glycoproteomics has become a major means of identifying and characterizing previously N-linked glycan attached loci (glycosites). 25346946 3 58 theme unique 689:694 arg1 set 696:698 a unique set 687:698 a unique set of glycosites 687:712 Given that multiple PSM scan map to a glycosite, we reason that identified PSMs are varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites. 25346946 3 58 theme unique 689:694 arg1 glycosites 703:712 glycosites 703:712 glycosites 703:712 Given that multiple PSM scan map to a glycosite, we reason that identified PSMs are varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites. 25346946 7 59 theme length 1111:1116 arg1 species 1126:1132 varying length peptide species 1103:1132 varying length peptide species 1103:1132 XGlycScan maps varying length peptide species to glycosites to facilitate an accurate quantification of glycosite associated spectra counts. 25346946 11 60 theme Java 1627:1630 arg1 language 1643:1650 the platform independent Java programing language 1602:1650 the platform independent Java programing language 1602:1650 We implemented XGlycScan in the platform independent Java programing language and have made it available as open source. 25346946 1 61 theme attached 296:303 arg1 glycosites 311:320 glycosites 311:320 glycosites 311:320 Mass spectrometry based glycoproteomics has become a major means of identifying and characterizing previously N-linked glycan attached loci (glycosites). 25346946 1 61 theme attached 296:303 arg1 loci 305:308 previously N-linked glycan attached loci 269:308 previously N-linked glycan attached loci (glycosites) 269:321 Mass spectrometry based glycoproteomics has become a major means of identifying and characterizing previously N-linked glycan attached loci (glycosites). 25346946 13 62 located found 1960:1964 arg1 //bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/src 1975:2015 //bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/src 1975:2015 //bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/src 1975:2015 The graphical user interface version can also be found at https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/src and https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/downloads respectively. 25346946 13 62 located found 1960:1964 arg2 version 1940:1946 The graphical user interface version 1911:1946 The graphical user interface version 1911:1946 The graphical user interface version can also be found at https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/src and https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/downloads respectively. 25346946 13 62 located found 1960:1964 arg1 https 1969:1973 https 1969:1973 https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/src and https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/downloads 1969:2073 The graphical user interface version can also be found at https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/src and https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/downloads respectively. 25346946 13 62 located found 1960:1964 arg1 https 2021:2025 https 2021:2025 https 2021:2025 The graphical user interface version can also be found at https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/src and https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/downloads respectively. 25346946 3 63 dep PSM 589:591 arg1 map 598:600 map 598:600 that multiple PSM scan map to a glycosite 575:615 Given that multiple PSM scan map to a glycosite, we reason that identified PSMs are varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites. 25346946 3 63 dep PSM 589:591 arg1 scan 593:596 scan 593:596 scan 593:596 Given that multiple PSM scan map to a glycosite, we reason that identified PSMs are varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites. 25346946 0 64 from Analysis 160:167 arg1 Quantification 70:83 Quantification 70:83 Quantification 70:83 XGlycScan: An Open-source Software For N-linked Glycosite Assignment, Quantification and Quality Assessment of Data from Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis. 25346946 0 64 from Analysis 160:167 arg1 Assignment 58:67 N-linked Glycosite Assignment 39:67 N-linked Glycosite Assignment 39:67 XGlycScan: An Open-source Software For N-linked Glycosite Assignment, Quantification and Quality Assessment of Data from Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis. 25346946 0 64 from Analysis 160:167 arg1 Quality 89:95 Quality 89:95 Quality 89:95 XGlycScan: An Open-source Software For N-linked Glycosite Assignment, Quantification and Quality Assessment of Data from Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis. 25346946 0 64 from Analysis 160:167 arg1 Data 111:114 Data 111:114 Data from Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis 111:167 XGlycScan: An Open-source Software For N-linked Glycosite Assignment, Quantification and Quality Assessment of Data from Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis. 25346946 13 65 theme graphical 1915:1923 arg1 interface 1930:1938 The graphical user interface 1911:1938 The graphical user interface version 1911:1946 The graphical user interface version can also be found at https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/src and https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/downloads respectively. 25346946 5 66 theme varying 867:873 arg1 species 890:896 these varying length peptide species 861:896 these varying length peptide species 861:896 Also, these varying length peptide species complicate protein inference as smaller sized peptide sequences are more likely to map to more proteins than larger sized peptides or actual glycosite sequences. 25346946 8 67 theme reported 1278:1285 arg1 identifications 1287:1301 reported identifications 1278:1301 reported identifications of mass spectrometry technical replicates of our sample dataset 1278:1365 We observed that this reduced the variability in reported identifications of mass spectrometry technical replicates of our sample dataset. 25346946 0 68 theme Glycoproteomic 145:158 arg1 Analysis 160:167 Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis 121:167 Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis 121:167 XGlycScan: An Open-source Software For N-linked Glycosite Assignment, Quantification and Quality Assessment of Data from Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis. 25346946 2 69 theme varying 552:558 arg1 lengths 560:566 varying lengths 552:566 varying lengths 552:566 In the bottom-up approach, several factors which include but not limited to sample preparation, mass spectrometry analyses, and protein sequence database searches result in previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths. 25346946 0 70 dep XGlycScan 0:8 arg1 Software 26:33 An Open-source Software 11:33 XGlycScan: An Open-source Software For N-linked Glycosite Assignment, Quantification and Quality Assessment of Data from Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis. 0:168 XGlycScan: An Open-source Software For N-linked Glycosite Assignment, Quantification and Quality Assessment of Data from Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis. 25346946 8 71 from variability 1263:1273 arg1 identifications 1287:1301 reported identifications 1278:1301 reported identifications of mass spectrometry technical replicates of our sample dataset 1278:1365 We observed that this reduced the variability in reported identifications of mass spectrometry technical replicates of our sample dataset. 25346946 10 72 from complexity 1541:1550 arg1 inference 1563:1571 protein inference 1555:1571 protein inference 1555:1571 Inherently, XGlycScan reported glycosites reduce the complexity in protein inference. 25346946 1 73 dep attached 296:303 arg1 glycan 289:294 N-linked glycan 280:294 N-linked glycan 280:294 Mass spectrometry based glycoproteomics has become a major means of identifying and characterizing previously N-linked glycan attached loci (glycosites). 25346946 8 74 theme spectrometry 1311:1322 arg1 identifications 1287:1301 reported identifications 1278:1301 reported identifications of mass spectrometry technical replicates of our sample dataset 1278:1365 We observed that this reduced the variability in reported identifications of mass spectrometry technical replicates of our sample dataset. 25346946 4 75 theme true 789:792 arg1 counts 823:828 true glycosite associated spectra counts 789:828 true glycosite associated spectra counts 789:828 Because associated spectra of these PSMs are typically summed separately, true glycosite associated spectra counts are lost or complicated. 25346946 5 76 theme smaller 930:936 arg1 sequences 952:960 smaller sized peptide sequences 930:960 smaller sized peptide sequences 930:960 Also, these varying length peptide species complicate protein inference as smaller sized peptide sequences are more likely to map to more proteins than larger sized peptides or actual glycosite sequences. 25346946 12 77 theme compiled 1795:1802 arg1 binaries 1804:1811 its compiled binaries 1791:1811 its compiled binaries 1791:1811 XGlycScan's source code is freely available at https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscan/src and its compiled binaries and documentation can be freely downloaded at https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscan/downloads. 25346946 5 78 theme peptide 882:888 arg1 species 890:896 these varying length peptide species 861:896 these varying length peptide species 861:896 Also, these varying length peptide species complicate protein inference as smaller sized peptide sequences are more likely to map to more proteins than larger sized peptides or actual glycosite sequences. 25346946 2 79 theme spectrum 525:532 arg1 PSMs 543:546 PSMs 543:546 PSMs 543:546 In the bottom-up approach, several factors which include but not limited to sample preparation, mass spectrometry analyses, and protein sequence database searches result in previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths. 25346946 2 79 theme spectrum 525:532 arg1 matches 534:540 previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches 497:540 previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths 497:566 In the bottom-up approach, several factors which include but not limited to sample preparation, mass spectrometry analyses, and protein sequence database searches result in previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths. 25346946 1 80 theme Mass 170:173 arg1 spectrometry 175:186 Mass spectrometry 170:186 Mass spectrometry based glycoproteomics 170:208 Mass spectrometry based glycoproteomics has become a major means of identifying and characterizing previously N-linked glycan attached loci (glycosites). 25346946 2 81 theme N-linked 508:515 arg1 PSMs 543:546 PSMs 543:546 PSMs 543:546 In the bottom-up approach, several factors which include but not limited to sample preparation, mass spectrometry analyses, and protein sequence database searches result in previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths. 25346946 2 81 theme N-linked 508:515 arg1 matches 534:540 previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches 497:540 previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths 497:566 In the bottom-up approach, several factors which include but not limited to sample preparation, mass spectrometry analyses, and protein sequence database searches result in previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths. 25346946 10 82 theme XGlycScan 1500:1508 arg1 glycosites 1519:1528 XGlycScan reported glycosites 1500:1528 XGlycScan reported glycosites 1500:1528 Inherently, XGlycScan reported glycosites reduce the complexity in protein inference. 25346946 8 83 theme dataset 1359:1365 arg1 spectrometry 1311:1322 mass spectrometry technical replicates 1306:1343 mass spectrometry technical replicates of our sample dataset 1306:1365 We observed that this reduced the variability in reported identifications of mass spectrometry technical replicates of our sample dataset. 25346946 7 84 theme counts 1221:1226 arg1 quantification 1174:1187 an accurate quantification 1162:1187 an accurate quantification of glycosite associated spectra counts 1162:1226 XGlycScan maps varying length peptide species to glycosites to facilitate an accurate quantification of glycosite associated spectra counts. 25346946 0 85 theme Data 111:114 arg1 Quantification 70:83 Quantification 70:83 Quantification 70:83 XGlycScan: An Open-source Software For N-linked Glycosite Assignment, Quantification and Quality Assessment of Data from Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis. 25346946 0 85 theme Data 111:114 arg1 Assignment 58:67 N-linked Glycosite Assignment 39:67 N-linked Glycosite Assignment 39:67 XGlycScan: An Open-source Software For N-linked Glycosite Assignment, Quantification and Quality Assessment of Data from Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis. 25346946 0 85 theme Data 111:114 arg1 Quality 89:95 Quality 89:95 Quality 89:95 XGlycScan: An Open-source Software For N-linked Glycosite Assignment, Quantification and Quality Assessment of Data from Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis. 25346946 11 86 from XGlycScan 1589:1597 arg1 language 1643:1650 the platform independent Java programing language 1602:1650 the platform independent Java programing language 1602:1650 We implemented XGlycScan in the platform independent Java programing language and have made it available as open source. 25346946 7 87 theme associated 1202:1211 arg1 counts 1221:1226 glycosite associated spectra counts 1192:1226 glycosite associated spectra counts 1192:1226 XGlycScan maps varying length peptide species to glycosites to facilitate an accurate quantification of glycosite associated spectra counts. 25346946 5 88 theme peptide 944:950 arg1 sequences 952:960 smaller sized peptide sequences 930:960 smaller sized peptide sequences 930:960 Also, these varying length peptide species complicate protein inference as smaller sized peptide sequences are more likely to map to more proteins than larger sized peptides or actual glycosite sequences. 25346946 2 89 theme sequence 460:467 arg1 searches 478:485 protein sequence database searches 452:485 protein sequence database searches 452:485 In the bottom-up approach, several factors which include but not limited to sample preparation, mass spectrometry analyses, and protein sequence database searches result in previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths. 25346946 0 90 theme Open-source 14:24 arg1 Software 26:33 An Open-source Software 11:33 XGlycScan: An Open-source Software For N-linked Glycosite Assignment, Quantification and Quality Assessment of Data from Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis. 0:168 XGlycScan: An Open-source Software For N-linked Glycosite Assignment, Quantification and Quality Assessment of Data from Mass Spectrometry-based Glycoproteomic Analysis. 25346946 5 91 theme sized 1014:1018 arg1 peptides 1020:1027 larger sized peptides 1007:1027 larger sized peptides 1007:1027 Also, these varying length peptide species complicate protein inference as smaller sized peptide sequences are more likely to map to more proteins than larger sized peptides or actual glycosite sequences. 25346946 3 92 theme identified 633:642 arg1 species 676:682 varying length peptide species 653:682 varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites 653:712 Given that multiple PSM scan map to a glycosite, we reason that identified PSMs are varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites. 25346946 3 92 theme identified 633:642 arg1 PSMs 644:647 identified PSMs 633:647 identified PSMs 633:647 Given that multiple PSM scan map to a glycosite, we reason that identified PSMs are varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites. 25346946 9 93 gly glycosites 1421:1430 arg2 glycosites 1421:1430 glycosites 1421:1430 glycosites provided an assessment of search-engine identification 1421:1485 We also observed that mapping identified peptides to glycosites provided an assessment of search-engine identification. 25346946 2 94 theme mass 420:423 arg1 analyses 438:445 mass spectrometry analyses 420:445 mass spectrometry analyses 420:445 In the bottom-up approach, several factors which include but not limited to sample preparation, mass spectrometry analyses, and protein sequence database searches result in previously N-linked peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) of varying lengths. 25346946 4 95 gly glycosite 794:802 arg2 glycosite 794:802 glycosite 794:802 glycosite 794:802 Because associated spectra of these PSMs are typically summed separately, true glycosite associated spectra counts are lost or complicated. 25346946 9 96 theme identified 1398:1407 arg1 peptides 1409:1416 identified peptides 1398:1416 identified peptides 1398:1416 We also observed that mapping identified peptides to glycosites provided an assessment of search-engine identification. 25346946 7 97 gly glycosites 1137:1146 arg2 glycosites 1137:1146 glycosites 1137:1146 glycosites 1137:1146 XGlycScan maps varying length peptide species to glycosites to facilitate an accurate quantification of glycosite associated spectra counts. 25346946 8 98 dep spectrometry 1311:1322 arg1 replicates 1334:1343 replicates 1334:1343 replicates 1334:1343 We observed that this reduced the variability in reported identifications of mass spectrometry technical replicates of our sample dataset. 25346946 5 99 theme more 988:991 arg1 proteins 993:1000 more proteins 988:1000 more proteins than larger sized peptides or actual glycosite sequences 988:1057 Also, these varying length peptide species complicate protein inference as smaller sized peptide sequences are more likely to map to more proteins than larger sized peptides or actual glycosite sequences. 25346946 3 100 theme length 661:666 arg1 species 676:682 varying length peptide species 653:682 varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites 653:712 Given that multiple PSM scan map to a glycosite, we reason that identified PSMs are varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites. 25346946 3 100 theme length 661:666 arg1 PSMs 644:647 identified PSMs 633:647 identified PSMs 633:647 Given that multiple PSM scan map to a glycosite, we reason that identified PSMs are varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites. 25346946 13 101 dep https 1969:1973 arg1 //bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/src 1975:2015 //bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/src 1975:2015 //bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/src 1975:2015 The graphical user interface version can also be found at https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/src and https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/downloads respectively. 25346946 13 101 dep https 1969:1973 arg1 https 1969:1973 https 1969:1973 https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/src and https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/downloads 1969:2073 The graphical user interface version can also be found at https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/src and https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/downloads respectively. 25346946 13 101 dep https 1969:1973 arg1 //bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/downloads 2027:2073 //bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/downloads 2027:2073 https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/src and https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/downloads 1969:2073 The graphical user interface version can also be found at https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/src and https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/downloads respectively. 25346946 13 101 dep https 1969:1973 arg1 https 2021:2025 https 2021:2025 https 2021:2025 The graphical user interface version can also be found at https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/src and https://bitbucket.org/paiyetan/xglycscangui/downloads respectively. 25346946 3 102 theme set 696:698 arg1 species 676:682 varying length peptide species 653:682 varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites 653:712 Given that multiple PSM scan map to a glycosite, we reason that identified PSMs are varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites. 25346946 3 102 theme set 696:698 arg1 PSMs 644:647 identified PSMs 633:647 identified PSMs 633:647 Given that multiple PSM scan map to a glycosite, we reason that identified PSMs are varying length peptide species of a unique set of glycosites. 25346946 4 103 theme glycosite 794:802 arg1 counts 823:828 true glycosite associated spectra counts 789:828 true glycosite associated spectra counts 789:828 Because associated spectra of these PSMs are typically summed separately, true glycosite associated spectra counts are lost or complicated. 25346946 11 104 theme open 1682:1685 arg1 source 1687:1692 open source 1682:1692 open source 1682:1692 We implemented XGlycScan in the platform independent Java programing language and have made it available as open source. 24394411 0 0 theme dioxygenases 72:83 arg1 family 62:67 the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family 27:67 the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases 27:83 Differential regulation of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 24394411 7 1 theme glucose 1106:1112 arg1 metabolism 1114:1123 glucose metabolism 1106:1123 glucose metabolism 1106:1123 Our study reveals the differential regulation of TET family proteins by OGT and a novel link between glucose metabolism and DNA epigenetic modification. 24394411 1 2 theme translocation 153:165 arg1 family 173:178 The ten-eleven translocation (TET) family 138:178 The ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases (TET1/2/3) 138:205 The ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases (TET1/2/3) converts 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and provides a vital mechanism for DNA demethylation. 24394411 6 3 theme glucose 985:991 arg1 metabolism 993:1002 glucose metabolism 985:1002 glucose metabolism 985:1002 Furthermore, we show that the nuclear localization and O-GlcNAcylation of TET3 are regulated by glucose metabolism. 24394411 0 4 theme O-linked 88:95 arg1 OGT 132:134 OGT 132:134 OGT 132:134 Differential regulation of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 24394411 0 4 theme O-linked 88:95 arg1 transferase 119:129 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 88:129 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 88:135 Differential regulation of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 24394411 7 5 theme epigenetic 1133:1142 arg1 modification 1144:1155 DNA epigenetic modification 1129:1155 DNA epigenetic modification 1129:1155 Our study reveals the differential regulation of TET family proteins by OGT and a novel link between glucose metabolism and DNA epigenetic modification. 24394411 4 6 theme 5-hydroxymethylcytosine 681:703 arg1 formation 668:676 the formation 664:676 the formation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine catalyzed by TET3 664:721 OGT catalyzes the O-GlcNAcylation of TET3, promotes TET3 nuclear export, and, consequently, inhibits the formation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine catalyzed by TET3. 24394411 1 7 theme vital 275:279 arg1 mechanism 281:289 a vital mechanism 273:289 a vital mechanism for DNA demethylation 273:311 The ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases (TET1/2/3) converts 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and provides a vital mechanism for DNA demethylation. 24394411 3 8 theme TET3 509:512 arg1 localization 526:537 TET3 subcellular localization 509:537 TET3 subcellular localization 509:537 Here we report that the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is not only a major TET3-interacting protein but also regulates TET3 subcellular localization and enzymatic activity. 24394411 1 9 theme TET 168:170 arg1 family 173:178 The ten-eleven translocation (TET) family 138:178 The ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases (TET1/2/3) 138:205 The ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases (TET1/2/3) converts 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and provides a vital mechanism for DNA demethylation. 24394411 0 10 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 97:117 arg1 OGT 132:134 OGT 132:134 OGT 132:134 Differential regulation of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 24394411 0 10 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 97:117 arg1 transferase 119:129 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 88:129 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 88:135 Differential regulation of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 24394411 3 11 theme β-GlcNAc 407:414 arg1 transferase 427:437 the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase 394:437 the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) 394:443 Here we report that the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is not only a major TET3-interacting protein but also regulates TET3 subcellular localization and enzymatic activity. 24394411 3 11 theme β-GlcNAc 407:414 arg1 OGT 440:442 OGT 440:442 OGT 440:442 Here we report that the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is not only a major TET3-interacting protein but also regulates TET3 subcellular localization and enzymatic activity. 24394411 3 11 theme β-GlcNAc 407:414 arg1 protein 482:488 a major TET3-interacting protein 457:488 a major TET3-interacting protein 457:488 Here we report that the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is not only a major TET3-interacting protein but also regulates TET3 subcellular localization and enzymatic activity. 24394411 3 12 theme subcellular 514:524 arg1 localization 526:537 TET3 subcellular localization 509:537 TET3 subcellular localization 509:537 Here we report that the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is not only a major TET3-interacting protein but also regulates TET3 subcellular localization and enzymatic activity. 24394411 3 13 theme O-GlcNAc 417:424 arg1 transferase 427:437 the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase 394:437 the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) 394:443 Here we report that the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is not only a major TET3-interacting protein but also regulates TET3 subcellular localization and enzymatic activity. 24394411 3 13 theme O-GlcNAc 417:424 arg1 OGT 440:442 OGT 440:442 OGT 440:442 Here we report that the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is not only a major TET3-interacting protein but also regulates TET3 subcellular localization and enzymatic activity. 24394411 3 13 theme O-GlcNAc 417:424 arg1 protein 482:488 a major TET3-interacting protein 457:488 a major TET3-interacting protein 457:488 Here we report that the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is not only a major TET3-interacting protein but also regulates TET3 subcellular localization and enzymatic activity. 24394411 0 14 theme Differential 0:11 arg1 regulation 13:22 Differential regulation 0:22 Differential regulation of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 0:136 Differential regulation of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 24394411 5 15 theme enzymatic 849:857 arg1 activity 859:866 their enzymatic activity 843:866 their enzymatic activity 843:866 Although TET1 and TET2 also interact with and can be O-GlcNAcylated by OGT, neither their subcellular localization nor their enzymatic activity are affected by OGT. 24394411 6 16 theme TET3 963:966 arg1 localization 927:938 nuclear localization 919:938 nuclear localization 919:938 Furthermore, we show that the nuclear localization and O-GlcNAcylation of TET3 are regulated by glucose metabolism. 24394411 6 16 theme TET3 963:966 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 944:958 O-GlcNAcylation 944:958 O-GlcNAcylation 944:958 Furthermore, we show that the nuclear localization and O-GlcNAcylation of TET3 are regulated by glucose metabolism. 24394411 7 17 theme proteins 1065:1072 arg1 regulation 1040:1049 the differential regulation 1023:1049 the differential regulation of TET family proteins by OGT 1023:1079 Our study reveals the differential regulation of TET family proteins by OGT and a novel link between glucose metabolism and DNA epigenetic modification. 24394411 7 17 theme proteins 1065:1072 arg1 link 1093:1096 a novel link 1085:1096 a novel link between glucose metabolism and DNA epigenetic modification 1085:1155 Our study reveals the differential regulation of TET family proteins by OGT and a novel link between glucose metabolism and DNA epigenetic modification. 24394411 3 18 theme enzymatic 543:551 arg1 activity 553:560 enzymatic activity 543:560 enzymatic activity 543:560 Here we report that the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is not only a major TET3-interacting protein but also regulates TET3 subcellular localization and enzymatic activity. 24394411 1 19 theme dioxygenases 183:194 arg1 family 173:178 The ten-eleven translocation (TET) family 138:178 The ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases (TET1/2/3) 138:205 The ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases (TET1/2/3) converts 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and provides a vital mechanism for DNA demethylation. 24394411 1 20 theme DNA 295:297 arg1 demethylation 299:311 DNA demethylation 295:311 DNA demethylation 295:311 The ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases (TET1/2/3) converts 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and provides a vital mechanism for DNA demethylation. 24394411 4 21 theme nuclear 620:626 arg1 export 628:633 TET3 nuclear export 615:633 TET3 nuclear export 615:633 OGT catalyzes the O-GlcNAcylation of TET3, promotes TET3 nuclear export, and, consequently, inhibits the formation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine catalyzed by TET3. 24394411 0 22 theme translocation 42:54 arg1 family 62:67 the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family 27:67 the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases 27:83 Differential regulation of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 24394411 7 23 theme TET 1054:1056 arg1 proteins 1065:1072 TET family proteins 1054:1072 TET family proteins 1054:1072 Our study reveals the differential regulation of TET family proteins by OGT and a novel link between glucose metabolism and DNA epigenetic modification. 24394411 0 24 theme ten-eleven 31:40 arg1 family 62:67 the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family 27:67 the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases 27:83 Differential regulation of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 24394411 7 25 theme family 1058:1063 arg1 proteins 1065:1072 TET family proteins 1054:1072 TET family proteins 1054:1072 Our study reveals the differential regulation of TET family proteins by OGT and a novel link between glucose metabolism and DNA epigenetic modification. 24394411 3 26 link O-linked 398:405 arg1 transferase 427:437 the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase 394:437 the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) 394:443 Here we report that the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is not only a major TET3-interacting protein but also regulates TET3 subcellular localization and enzymatic activity. 24394411 3 26 link O-linked 398:405 arg1 OGT 440:442 OGT 440:442 OGT 440:442 Here we report that the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is not only a major TET3-interacting protein but also regulates TET3 subcellular localization and enzymatic activity. 24394411 3 26 link O-linked 398:405 arg1 protein 482:488 a major TET3-interacting protein 457:488 a major TET3-interacting protein 457:488 Here we report that the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is not only a major TET3-interacting protein but also regulates TET3 subcellular localization and enzymatic activity. 24394411 0 27 theme TET 57:59 arg1 family 62:67 the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family 27:67 the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases 27:83 Differential regulation of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 24394411 3 28 theme major 459:463 arg1 transferase 427:437 the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase 394:437 the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) 394:443 Here we report that the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is not only a major TET3-interacting protein but also regulates TET3 subcellular localization and enzymatic activity. 24394411 3 28 theme major 459:463 arg1 protein 482:488 a major TET3-interacting protein 457:488 a major TET3-interacting protein 457:488 Here we report that the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is not only a major TET3-interacting protein but also regulates TET3 subcellular localization and enzymatic activity. 24394411 3 29 theme O-linked 398:405 arg1 transferase 427:437 the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase 394:437 the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) 394:443 Here we report that the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is not only a major TET3-interacting protein but also regulates TET3 subcellular localization and enzymatic activity. 24394411 3 29 theme O-linked 398:405 arg1 OGT 440:442 OGT 440:442 OGT 440:442 Here we report that the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is not only a major TET3-interacting protein but also regulates TET3 subcellular localization and enzymatic activity. 24394411 3 29 theme O-linked 398:405 arg1 protein 482:488 a major TET3-interacting protein 457:488 a major TET3-interacting protein 457:488 Here we report that the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is not only a major TET3-interacting protein but also regulates TET3 subcellular localization and enzymatic activity. 24394411 6 30 theme nuclear 919:925 arg1 localization 927:938 nuclear localization 919:938 nuclear localization 919:938 Furthermore, we show that the nuclear localization and O-GlcNAcylation of TET3 are regulated by glucose metabolism. 24394411 7 31 theme novel 1087:1091 arg1 link 1093:1096 a novel link 1085:1096 a novel link between glucose metabolism and DNA epigenetic modification 1085:1155 Our study reveals the differential regulation of TET family proteins by OGT and a novel link between glucose metabolism and DNA epigenetic modification. 24394411 3 32 theme TET3-interacting 465:480 arg1 transferase 427:437 the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase 394:437 the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) 394:443 Here we report that the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is not only a major TET3-interacting protein but also regulates TET3 subcellular localization and enzymatic activity. 24394411 3 32 theme TET3-interacting 465:480 arg1 protein 482:488 a major TET3-interacting protein 457:488 a major TET3-interacting protein 457:488 Here we report that the O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is not only a major TET3-interacting protein but also regulates TET3 subcellular localization and enzymatic activity. 24394411 7 33 theme DNA 1129:1131 arg1 modification 1144:1155 DNA epigenetic modification 1129:1155 DNA epigenetic modification 1129:1155 Our study reveals the differential regulation of TET family proteins by OGT and a novel link between glucose metabolism and DNA epigenetic modification. 24394411 7 34 theme differential 1027:1038 arg1 regulation 1040:1049 the differential regulation 1023:1049 the differential regulation of TET family proteins by OGT 1023:1079 Our study reveals the differential regulation of TET family proteins by OGT and a novel link between glucose metabolism and DNA epigenetic modification. 24394411 2 35 theme TET 327:329 arg1 proteins 331:338 TET proteins 327:338 TET proteins 327:338 However, how TET proteins are regulated is largely unknown. 24394411 4 36 theme TET3 600:603 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 581:595 the O-GlcNAcylation 577:595 the O-GlcNAcylation of TET3 577:603 OGT catalyzes the O-GlcNAcylation of TET3, promotes TET3 nuclear export, and, consequently, inhibits the formation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine catalyzed by TET3. 24394411 0 37 theme family 62:67 arg1 regulation 13:22 Differential regulation 0:22 Differential regulation of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 0:136 Differential regulation of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 24394411 5 38 theme subcellular 814:824 arg1 localization 826:837 their subcellular localization 808:837 their subcellular localization 808:837 Although TET1 and TET2 also interact with and can be O-GlcNAcylated by OGT, neither their subcellular localization nor their enzymatic activity are affected by OGT. 24394411 4 39 theme TET3 615:618 arg1 export 628:633 TET3 nuclear export 615:633 TET3 nuclear export 615:633 OGT catalyzes the O-GlcNAcylation of TET3, promotes TET3 nuclear export, and, consequently, inhibits the formation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine catalyzed by TET3. 24394411 0 40 link O-linked 88:95 arg1 OGT 132:134 OGT 132:134 OGT 132:134 Differential regulation of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 24394411 0 40 link O-linked 88:95 arg1 transferase 119:129 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 88:129 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 88:135 Differential regulation of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). 24394411 1 41 theme ten-eleven 142:151 arg1 family 173:178 The ten-eleven translocation (TET) family 138:178 The ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases (TET1/2/3) 138:205 The ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases (TET1/2/3) converts 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and provides a vital mechanism for DNA demethylation. 25953914 0 0 theme obese 86:90 arg1 mice 98:101 obese ob/ob mice 86:101 obese ob/ob mice 86:101 Cholesterol mobilization from hepatic lipid droplets during endotoxemia is altered in obese ob/ob mice. 25953914 3 1 theme innate 667:672 arg1 responses 674:682 altered metabolic and innate responses 645:682 altered metabolic and innate responses 645:682 To evaluate whether alterations of these mechanisms have an impact in the adaptive response to endotoxemia, we analysed liver metabolism changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ob/ob mice, which show altered metabolic and innate responses and a higher sensitivity to sepsis. 25953914 8 2 theme responses 1401:1409 arg1 control 1365:1371 an altered control 1354:1371 an altered control 1354:1371 According to our findings, obese leptin-deficient mice present an altered control of hepatic lipid metabolism responses to LPS, which might be, in part at least, a consequence of impaired LXR. 25953914 8 2 theme responses 1401:1409 arg1 consequence 1455:1465 a consequence 1453:1465 a consequence of impaired LXR 1453:1481 According to our findings, obese leptin-deficient mice present an altered control of hepatic lipid metabolism responses to LPS, which might be, in part at least, a consequence of impaired LXR. 25953914 5 3 theme Liver 845:849 arg1 profiling 861:869 Liver metabolic profiling 845:869 Liver metabolic profiling 845:869 Liver metabolic profiling was done by measuring enzyme activities and mRNA levels. 25953914 7 4 theme lipid 1150:1154 arg1 mobilization 1156:1167 liver lipid mobilization 1144:1167 liver lipid mobilization accompanied by the strain-specific cholesterol enrichment of secreted VLDL 1144:1242 The attenuated response in liver lipid mobilization accompanied by the strain-specific cholesterol enrichment of secreted VLDL might lead to accumulation of LDL cholesterol. 25953914 3 5 theme altered 645:651 arg1 responses 674:682 altered metabolic and innate responses 645:682 altered metabolic and innate responses 645:682 To evaluate whether alterations of these mechanisms have an impact in the adaptive response to endotoxemia, we analysed liver metabolism changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ob/ob mice, which show altered metabolic and innate responses and a higher sensitivity to sepsis. 25953914 1 6 theme acute 155:159 arg1 response 167:174 the acute phase response 151:174 the acute phase response 151:174 The innate immune response to pathogens during the acute phase response includes lipid metabolism adaptations. 25953914 6 7 theme low 1034:1036 arg1 induction 1044:1052 low or no induction 1034:1052 low or no induction of LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion 1034:1114 Increased CE hydrolase activity in LDs from endotoxemic mice was accompanied by a lower content of CE and low or no induction of LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion. 25953914 3 8 contain have 493:496 arg1 alterations 461:471 alterations 461:471 alterations of these mechanisms 461:491 To evaluate whether alterations of these mechanisms have an impact in the adaptive response to endotoxemia, we analysed liver metabolism changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ob/ob mice, which show altered metabolic and innate responses and a higher sensitivity to sepsis. 25953914 3 8 contain have 493:496 arg2 impact 501:506 an impact 498:506 an impact 498:506 To evaluate whether alterations of these mechanisms have an impact in the adaptive response to endotoxemia, we analysed liver metabolism changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ob/ob mice, which show altered metabolic and innate responses and a higher sensitivity to sepsis. 25953914 4 9 theme LPS 830:832 arg1 treatment 834:842 LPS treatment 830:842 LPS treatment 830:842 Lipid composition of serum lipoproteins and hepatic LDs was determined in wild type and ob/ob mice 24 h after LPS treatment. 25953914 2 10 from droplets 310:317 arg1 storage 271:277 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage 215:277 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage in 215:280 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage in and mobilization from lipid droplets (LDs) respond to metabolic changes under the control of liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation and cytokine transduction. 25953914 2 10 from droplets 310:317 arg1 mobilization 286:297 mobilization 286:297 mobilization from lipid droplets (LDs) 286:323 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage in and mobilization from lipid droplets (LDs) respond to metabolic changes under the control of liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation and cytokine transduction. 25953914 5 11 theme mRNA 915:918 arg1 levels 920:925 mRNA levels 915:925 mRNA levels 915:925 Liver metabolic profiling was done by measuring enzyme activities and mRNA levels. 25953914 6 12 theme hydrolase 941:949 arg1 activity 951:958 Increased CE hydrolase activity 928:958 Increased CE hydrolase activity in LDs from endotoxemic mice 928:987 Increased CE hydrolase activity in LDs from endotoxemic mice was accompanied by a lower content of CE and low or no induction of LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion. 25953914 0 13 theme ob/ob 92:96 arg1 mice 98:101 obese ob/ob mice 86:101 obese ob/ob mice 86:101 Cholesterol mobilization from hepatic lipid droplets during endotoxemia is altered in obese ob/ob mice. 25953914 7 14 from response 1132:1139 arg1 mobilization 1156:1167 liver lipid mobilization 1144:1167 liver lipid mobilization accompanied by the strain-specific cholesterol enrichment of secreted VLDL 1144:1242 The attenuated response in liver lipid mobilization accompanied by the strain-specific cholesterol enrichment of secreted VLDL might lead to accumulation of LDL cholesterol. 25953914 4 15 theme Lipid 720:724 arg1 composition 726:736 Lipid composition 720:736 Lipid composition of serum lipoproteins and hepatic LDs 720:774 Lipid composition of serum lipoproteins and hepatic LDs was determined in wild type and ob/ob mice 24 h after LPS treatment. 25953914 7 16 theme strain-specific 1188:1202 arg1 enrichment 1216:1225 the strain-specific cholesterol enrichment 1184:1225 the strain-specific cholesterol enrichment of secreted VLDL 1184:1242 The attenuated response in liver lipid mobilization accompanied by the strain-specific cholesterol enrichment of secreted VLDL might lead to accumulation of LDL cholesterol. 25953914 3 17 theme adaptive 515:522 arg1 response 524:531 the adaptive response 511:531 the adaptive response to endotoxemia 511:546 To evaluate whether alterations of these mechanisms have an impact in the adaptive response to endotoxemia, we analysed liver metabolism changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ob/ob mice, which show altered metabolic and innate responses and a higher sensitivity to sepsis. 25953914 3 18 from changes 578:584 arg1 mice 628:631 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ob/ob mice 589:631 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ob/ob mice 589:631 To evaluate whether alterations of these mechanisms have an impact in the adaptive response to endotoxemia, we analysed liver metabolism changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ob/ob mice, which show altered metabolic and innate responses and a higher sensitivity to sepsis. 25953914 6 19 theme CE 938:939 arg1 activity 951:958 Increased CE hydrolase activity 928:958 Increased CE hydrolase activity in LDs from endotoxemic mice 928:987 Increased CE hydrolase activity in LDs from endotoxemic mice was accompanied by a lower content of CE and low or no induction of LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion. 25953914 7 20 theme attenuated 1121:1130 arg1 response 1132:1139 The attenuated response 1117:1139 The attenuated response in liver lipid mobilization accompanied by the strain-specific cholesterol enrichment of secreted VLDL 1117:1242 The attenuated response in liver lipid mobilization accompanied by the strain-specific cholesterol enrichment of secreted VLDL might lead to accumulation of LDL cholesterol. 25953914 3 21 theme higher 690:695 arg1 sensitivity 697:707 a higher sensitivity 688:707 a higher sensitivity to sepsis 688:717 To evaluate whether alterations of these mechanisms have an impact in the adaptive response to endotoxemia, we analysed liver metabolism changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ob/ob mice, which show altered metabolic and innate responses and a higher sensitivity to sepsis. 25953914 6 22 theme CE 1027:1028 arg1 content 1016:1022 a lower content 1008:1022 a lower content of CE 1008:1028 Increased CE hydrolase activity in LDs from endotoxemic mice was accompanied by a lower content of CE and low or no induction of LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion. 25953914 6 22 theme CE 1027:1028 arg1 induction 1044:1052 low or no induction 1034:1052 low or no induction of LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion 1034:1114 Increased CE hydrolase activity in LDs from endotoxemic mice was accompanied by a lower content of CE and low or no induction of LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion. 25953914 4 23 theme serum 741:745 arg1 lipoproteins 747:758 serum lipoproteins 741:758 serum lipoproteins 741:758 Lipid composition of serum lipoproteins and hepatic LDs was determined in wild type and ob/ob mice 24 h after LPS treatment. 25953914 7 24 theme LDL 1274:1276 arg1 cholesterol 1278:1288 LDL cholesterol 1274:1288 LDL cholesterol 1274:1288 The attenuated response in liver lipid mobilization accompanied by the strain-specific cholesterol enrichment of secreted VLDL might lead to accumulation of LDL cholesterol. 25953914 1 25 theme phase 161:165 arg1 response 167:174 the acute phase response 151:174 the acute phase response 151:174 The innate immune response to pathogens during the acute phase response includes lipid metabolism adaptations. 25953914 0 26 from droplets 44:51 arg1 mobilization 12:23 Cholesterol mobilization 0:23 Cholesterol mobilization from hepatic lipid droplets during endotoxemia 0:70 Cholesterol mobilization from hepatic lipid droplets during endotoxemia is altered in obese ob/ob mice. 25953914 0 27 theme Cholesterol 0:10 arg1 mobilization 12:23 Cholesterol mobilization 0:23 Cholesterol mobilization from hepatic lipid droplets during endotoxemia 0:70 Cholesterol mobilization from hepatic lipid droplets during endotoxemia is altered in obese ob/ob mice. 25953914 4 28 theme lipoproteins 747:758 arg1 composition 726:736 Lipid composition 720:736 Lipid composition of serum lipoproteins and hepatic LDs 720:774 Lipid composition of serum lipoproteins and hepatic LDs was determined in wild type and ob/ob mice 24 h after LPS treatment. 25953914 8 29 theme hepatic 1376:1382 arg1 metabolism 1390:1399 hepatic lipid metabolism 1376:1399 hepatic lipid metabolism responses to LPS 1376:1416 According to our findings, obese leptin-deficient mice present an altered control of hepatic lipid metabolism responses to LPS, which might be, in part at least, a consequence of impaired LXR. 25953914 2 30 theme lipid 304:308 arg1 LDs 320:322 LDs 320:322 LDs 320:322 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage in and mobilization from lipid droplets (LDs) respond to metabolic changes under the control of liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation and cytokine transduction. 25953914 2 30 theme lipid 304:308 arg1 droplets 310:317 lipid droplets 304:317 lipid droplets (LDs) 304:323 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage in and mobilization from lipid droplets (LDs) respond to metabolic changes under the control of liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation and cytokine transduction. 25953914 7 31 theme secreted 1230:1237 arg1 VLDL 1239:1242 secreted VLDL 1230:1242 secreted VLDL 1230:1242 The attenuated response in liver lipid mobilization accompanied by the strain-specific cholesterol enrichment of secreted VLDL might lead to accumulation of LDL cholesterol. 25953914 3 32 theme metabolic 653:661 arg1 responses 674:682 altered metabolic and innate responses 645:682 altered metabolic and innate responses 645:682 To evaluate whether alterations of these mechanisms have an impact in the adaptive response to endotoxemia, we analysed liver metabolism changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ob/ob mice, which show altered metabolic and innate responses and a higher sensitivity to sepsis. 25953914 2 33 theme transactivation 398:412 arg1 control 364:370 the control 360:370 the control of liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation and cytokine transduction 360:438 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage in and mobilization from lipid droplets (LDs) respond to metabolic changes under the control of liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation and cytokine transduction. 25953914 6 34 theme Increased 928:936 arg1 activity 951:958 Increased CE hydrolase activity 928:958 Increased CE hydrolase activity in LDs from endotoxemic mice 928:987 Increased CE hydrolase activity in LDs from endotoxemic mice was accompanied by a lower content of CE and low or no induction of LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion. 25953914 4 35 theme ob/ob 808:812 arg1 mice 814:817 ob/ob mice 808:817 ob/ob mice 808:817 Lipid composition of serum lipoproteins and hepatic LDs was determined in wild type and ob/ob mice 24 h after LPS treatment. 25953914 5 36 theme enzyme 893:898 arg1 activities 900:909 enzyme activities 893:909 enzyme activities 893:909 Liver metabolic profiling was done by measuring enzyme activities and mRNA levels. 25953914 6 37 from mice 984:987 arg1 activity 951:958 Increased CE hydrolase activity 928:958 Increased CE hydrolase activity in LDs from endotoxemic mice 928:987 Increased CE hydrolase activity in LDs from endotoxemic mice was accompanied by a lower content of CE and low or no induction of LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion. 25953914 6 37 from mice 984:987 arg1 LDs 963:965 LDs 963:965 LDs from endotoxemic mice 963:987 Increased CE hydrolase activity in LDs from endotoxemic mice was accompanied by a lower content of CE and low or no induction of LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion. 25953914 1 38 theme lipid 185:189 arg1 adaptations 202:212 lipid metabolism adaptations 185:212 lipid metabolism adaptations 185:212 The innate immune response to pathogens during the acute phase response includes lipid metabolism adaptations. 25953914 0 39 theme hepatic 30:36 arg1 droplets 44:51 hepatic lipid droplets 30:51 hepatic lipid droplets 30:51 Cholesterol mobilization from hepatic lipid droplets during endotoxemia is altered in obese ob/ob mice. 25953914 4 40 theme LDs 772:774 arg1 composition 726:736 Lipid composition 720:736 Lipid composition of serum lipoproteins and hepatic LDs 720:774 Lipid composition of serum lipoproteins and hepatic LDs was determined in wild type and ob/ob mice 24 h after LPS treatment. 25953914 7 41 theme cholesterol 1204:1214 arg1 enrichment 1216:1225 the strain-specific cholesterol enrichment 1184:1225 the strain-specific cholesterol enrichment of secreted VLDL 1184:1242 The attenuated response in liver lipid mobilization accompanied by the strain-specific cholesterol enrichment of secreted VLDL might lead to accumulation of LDL cholesterol. 25953914 6 42 theme genes 1084:1088 arg1 expression 1070:1079 LXR-mediated expression 1057:1079 LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion 1057:1114 Increased CE hydrolase activity in LDs from endotoxemic mice was accompanied by a lower content of CE and low or no induction of LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion. 25953914 8 43 theme altered 1357:1363 arg1 control 1365:1371 an altered control 1354:1371 an altered control 1354:1371 According to our findings, obese leptin-deficient mice present an altered control of hepatic lipid metabolism responses to LPS, which might be, in part at least, a consequence of impaired LXR. 25953914 8 43 theme altered 1357:1363 arg1 consequence 1455:1465 a consequence 1453:1465 a consequence of impaired LXR 1453:1481 According to our findings, obese leptin-deficient mice present an altered control of hepatic lipid metabolism responses to LPS, which might be, in part at least, a consequence of impaired LXR. 25953914 1 44 theme metabolism 191:200 arg1 adaptations 202:212 lipid metabolism adaptations 185:212 lipid metabolism adaptations 185:212 The innate immune response to pathogens during the acute phase response includes lipid metabolism adaptations. 25953914 8 45 theme obese 1318:1322 arg1 mice 1341:1344 obese leptin-deficient mice 1318:1344 obese leptin-deficient mice 1318:1344 According to our findings, obese leptin-deficient mice present an altered control of hepatic lipid metabolism responses to LPS, which might be, in part at least, a consequence of impaired LXR. 25953914 3 46 theme -treated 613:620 arg1 mice 628:631 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ob/ob mice 589:631 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ob/ob mice 589:631 To evaluate whether alterations of these mechanisms have an impact in the adaptive response to endotoxemia, we analysed liver metabolism changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ob/ob mice, which show altered metabolic and innate responses and a higher sensitivity to sepsis. 25953914 3 47 theme mechanisms 482:491 arg1 alterations 461:471 alterations 461:471 alterations of these mechanisms 461:491 To evaluate whether alterations of these mechanisms have an impact in the adaptive response to endotoxemia, we analysed liver metabolism changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ob/ob mice, which show altered metabolic and innate responses and a higher sensitivity to sepsis. 25953914 2 48 theme receptor 383:390 arg1 transactivation 398:412 liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation 375:412 liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation 375:412 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage in and mobilization from lipid droplets (LDs) respond to metabolic changes under the control of liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation and cytokine transduction. 25953914 6 49 theme LXR-mediated 1057:1068 arg1 expression 1070:1079 LXR-mediated expression 1057:1079 LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion 1057:1114 Increased CE hydrolase activity in LDs from endotoxemic mice was accompanied by a lower content of CE and low or no induction of LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion. 25953914 3 50 theme ob/ob 622:626 arg1 mice 628:631 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ob/ob mice 589:631 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ob/ob mice 589:631 To evaluate whether alterations of these mechanisms have an impact in the adaptive response to endotoxemia, we analysed liver metabolism changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ob/ob mice, which show altered metabolic and innate responses and a higher sensitivity to sepsis. 25953914 3 51 theme liver 561:565 arg1 changes 578:584 liver metabolism changes 561:584 liver metabolism changes 561:584 To evaluate whether alterations of these mechanisms have an impact in the adaptive response to endotoxemia, we analysed liver metabolism changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ob/ob mice, which show altered metabolic and innate responses and a higher sensitivity to sepsis. 25953914 6 52 theme lower 1010:1014 arg1 content 1016:1022 a lower content 1008:1022 a lower content of CE 1008:1028 Increased CE hydrolase activity in LDs from endotoxemic mice was accompanied by a lower content of CE and low or no induction of LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion. 25953914 2 53 theme X 381:381 arg1 LXR 393:395 LXR 393:395 LXR 393:395 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage in and mobilization from lipid droplets (LDs) respond to metabolic changes under the control of liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation and cytokine transduction. 25953914 2 53 theme X 381:381 arg1 receptor 383:390 liver X receptor 375:390 liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation 375:412 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage in and mobilization from lipid droplets (LDs) respond to metabolic changes under the control of liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation and cytokine transduction. 25953914 0 54 theme lipid 38:42 arg1 droplets 44:51 hepatic lipid droplets 30:51 hepatic lipid droplets 30:51 Cholesterol mobilization from hepatic lipid droplets during endotoxemia is altered in obese ob/ob mice. 25953914 3 55 theme metabolism 567:576 arg1 changes 578:584 liver metabolism changes 561:584 liver metabolism changes 561:584 To evaluate whether alterations of these mechanisms have an impact in the adaptive response to endotoxemia, we analysed liver metabolism changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ob/ob mice, which show altered metabolic and innate responses and a higher sensitivity to sepsis. 25953914 2 56 theme liver 375:379 arg1 LXR 393:395 LXR 393:395 LXR 393:395 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage in and mobilization from lipid droplets (LDs) respond to metabolic changes under the control of liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation and cytokine transduction. 25953914 2 56 theme liver 375:379 arg1 receptor 383:390 liver X receptor 375:390 liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation 375:412 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage in and mobilization from lipid droplets (LDs) respond to metabolic changes under the control of liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation and cytokine transduction. 25953914 2 57 theme transduction 427:438 arg1 control 364:370 the control 360:370 the control of liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation and cytokine transduction 360:438 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage in and mobilization from lipid droplets (LDs) respond to metabolic changes under the control of liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation and cytokine transduction. 25953914 8 58 theme leptin-deficient 1324:1339 arg1 mice 1341:1344 obese leptin-deficient mice 1318:1344 obese leptin-deficient mice 1318:1344 According to our findings, obese leptin-deficient mice present an altered control of hepatic lipid metabolism responses to LPS, which might be, in part at least, a consequence of impaired LXR. 25953914 8 59 theme LXR 1479:1481 arg1 control 1365:1371 an altered control 1354:1371 an altered control 1354:1371 According to our findings, obese leptin-deficient mice present an altered control of hepatic lipid metabolism responses to LPS, which might be, in part at least, a consequence of impaired LXR. 25953914 8 59 theme LXR 1479:1481 arg1 consequence 1455:1465 a consequence 1453:1465 a consequence of impaired LXR 1453:1481 According to our findings, obese leptin-deficient mice present an altered control of hepatic lipid metabolism responses to LPS, which might be, in part at least, a consequence of impaired LXR. 25953914 4 60 theme wild 794:797 arg1 type 799:802 wild type 794:802 wild type 794:802 Lipid composition of serum lipoproteins and hepatic LDs was determined in wild type and ob/ob mice 24 h after LPS treatment. 25953914 8 61 theme impaired 1470:1477 arg1 LXR 1479:1481 impaired LXR 1470:1481 impaired LXR 1470:1481 According to our findings, obese leptin-deficient mice present an altered control of hepatic lipid metabolism responses to LPS, which might be, in part at least, a consequence of impaired LXR. 25953914 1 62 theme innate 108:113 arg1 response 122:129 The innate immune response 104:129 The innate immune response to pathogens during the acute phase response 104:174 The innate immune response to pathogens during the acute phase response includes lipid metabolism adaptations. 25953914 2 63 theme cytokine 418:425 arg1 transduction 427:438 cytokine transduction 418:438 cytokine transduction 418:438 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage in and mobilization from lipid droplets (LDs) respond to metabolic changes under the control of liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation and cytokine transduction. 25953914 8 64 from consequence 1455:1465 arg1 part 1438:1441 part 1438:1441 part at least 1438:1450 According to our findings, obese leptin-deficient mice present an altered control of hepatic lipid metabolism responses to LPS, which might be, in part at least, a consequence of impaired LXR. 25953914 6 65 from activity 951:958 arg1 LDs 963:965 LDs 963:965 LDs from endotoxemic mice 963:987 Increased CE hydrolase activity in LDs from endotoxemic mice was accompanied by a lower content of CE and low or no induction of LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion. 25953914 6 65 from activity 951:958 arg1 mice 984:987 endotoxemic mice 972:987 endotoxemic mice 972:987 Increased CE hydrolase activity in LDs from endotoxemic mice was accompanied by a lower content of CE and low or no induction of LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion. 25953914 2 66 theme Hepatic 215:221 arg1 storage 271:277 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage 215:277 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage in 215:280 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage in and mobilization from lipid droplets (LDs) respond to metabolic changes under the control of liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation and cytokine transduction. 25953914 2 67 theme triacylglycerol 223:237 arg1 storage 271:277 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage 215:277 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage in 215:280 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage in and mobilization from lipid droplets (LDs) respond to metabolic changes under the control of liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation and cytokine transduction. 25953914 7 68 theme VLDL 1239:1242 arg1 enrichment 1216:1225 the strain-specific cholesterol enrichment 1184:1225 the strain-specific cholesterol enrichment of secreted VLDL 1184:1242 The attenuated response in liver lipid mobilization accompanied by the strain-specific cholesterol enrichment of secreted VLDL might lead to accumulation of LDL cholesterol. 25953914 1 69 theme immune 115:120 arg1 response 122:129 The innate immune response 104:129 The innate immune response to pathogens during the acute phase response 104:174 The innate immune response to pathogens during the acute phase response includes lipid metabolism adaptations. 25953914 8 70 theme metabolism 1390:1399 arg1 responses 1401:1409 hepatic lipid metabolism responses 1376:1409 hepatic lipid metabolism responses to LPS 1376:1416 According to our findings, obese leptin-deficient mice present an altered control of hepatic lipid metabolism responses to LPS, which might be, in part at least, a consequence of impaired LXR. 25953914 8 71 theme lipid 1384:1388 arg1 metabolism 1390:1399 hepatic lipid metabolism 1376:1399 hepatic lipid metabolism responses to LPS 1376:1416 According to our findings, obese leptin-deficient mice present an altered control of hepatic lipid metabolism responses to LPS, which might be, in part at least, a consequence of impaired LXR. 25953914 5 72 theme metabolic 851:859 arg1 profiling 861:869 Liver metabolic profiling 845:869 Liver metabolic profiling 845:869 Liver metabolic profiling was done by measuring enzyme activities and mRNA levels. 25953914 6 73 theme HDL 1102:1104 arg1 secretion 1106:1114 HDL secretion 1102:1114 HDL secretion 1102:1114 Increased CE hydrolase activity in LDs from endotoxemic mice was accompanied by a lower content of CE and low or no induction of LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion. 25953914 2 74 theme ester 260:264 arg1 storage 271:277 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage 215:277 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage in 215:280 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage in and mobilization from lipid droplets (LDs) respond to metabolic changes under the control of liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation and cytokine transduction. 25953914 7 75 theme cholesterol 1278:1288 arg1 accumulation 1258:1269 accumulation 1258:1269 accumulation of LDL cholesterol 1258:1288 The attenuated response in liver lipid mobilization accompanied by the strain-specific cholesterol enrichment of secreted VLDL might lead to accumulation of LDL cholesterol. 25953914 6 76 theme expression 1070:1079 arg1 content 1016:1022 a lower content 1008:1022 a lower content of CE 1008:1028 Increased CE hydrolase activity in LDs from endotoxemic mice was accompanied by a lower content of CE and low or no induction of LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion. 25953914 6 76 theme expression 1070:1079 arg1 induction 1044:1052 low or no induction 1034:1052 low or no induction of LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion 1034:1114 Increased CE hydrolase activity in LDs from endotoxemic mice was accompanied by a lower content of CE and low or no induction of LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion. 25953914 6 77 theme endotoxemic 972:982 arg1 mice 984:987 endotoxemic mice 972:987 endotoxemic mice 972:987 Increased CE hydrolase activity in LDs from endotoxemic mice was accompanied by a lower content of CE and low or no induction of LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion. 25953914 2 78 theme cholesteryl 248:258 arg1 CE 267:268 CE 267:268 CE 267:268 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage in and mobilization from lipid droplets (LDs) respond to metabolic changes under the control of liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation and cytokine transduction. 25953914 2 78 theme cholesteryl 248:258 arg1 ester 260:264 cholesteryl ester 248:264 cholesteryl ester (CE) 248:269 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage in and mobilization from lipid droplets (LDs) respond to metabolic changes under the control of liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation and cytokine transduction. 25953914 6 79 theme no 1041:1042 arg1 induction 1044:1052 low or no induction 1034:1052 low or no induction of LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion 1034:1114 Increased CE hydrolase activity in LDs from endotoxemic mice was accompanied by a lower content of CE and low or no induction of LXR-mediated expression of genes involved in HDL secretion. 25953914 4 80 dep h 822:822 arg1 treatment 834:842 LPS treatment 830:842 LPS treatment 830:842 Lipid composition of serum lipoproteins and hepatic LDs was determined in wild type and ob/ob mice 24 h after LPS treatment. 25953914 4 81 theme hepatic 764:770 arg1 LDs 772:774 hepatic LDs 764:774 hepatic LDs 764:774 Lipid composition of serum lipoproteins and hepatic LDs was determined in wild type and ob/ob mice 24 h after LPS treatment. 25953914 2 82 theme metabolic 336:344 arg1 changes 346:352 metabolic changes 336:352 metabolic changes 336:352 Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage in and mobilization from lipid droplets (LDs) respond to metabolic changes under the control of liver X receptor (LXR) transactivation and cytokine transduction. 25953914 7 83 theme liver 1144:1148 arg1 mobilization 1156:1167 liver lipid mobilization 1144:1167 liver lipid mobilization accompanied by the strain-specific cholesterol enrichment of secreted VLDL 1144:1242 The attenuated response in liver lipid mobilization accompanied by the strain-specific cholesterol enrichment of secreted VLDL might lead to accumulation of LDL cholesterol. 23941288 0 0 theme colitis 70:76 arg1 subjects 83:90 healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects 47:90 healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects 47:90 In vitro batch cultures of gut microbiota from healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects suggest that sulphate-reducing bacteria levels are raised in UC and by a protein-rich diet. 23941288 3 1 dep production 682:691 arg1 ten-fold 657:664 ten-fold 657:664 ten-fold 657:664 Healthy cultures gave two-fold higher growth and SCFA levels with up to ten-fold higher butyrate production. 23941288 2 2 theme fatty 555:559 arg1 SCFA 567:570 SCFA 567:570 SCFA 567:570 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 2 2 theme fatty 555:559 arg1 acid 561:564 short-chain fatty acid 543:564 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production 543:582 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 2 3 theme Such 320:323 arg1 effects 325:331 Such effects 320:331 Such effects 320:331 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 0 4 theme ulcerative 59:68 arg1 UC 79:80 UC 79:80 UC 79:80 In vitro batch cultures of gut microbiota from healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects suggest that sulphate-reducing bacteria levels are raised in UC and by a protein-rich diet. 23941288 0 4 theme ulcerative 59:68 arg1 colitis 70:76 ulcerative colitis 59:76 ulcerative colitis (UC) 59:81 In vitro batch cultures of gut microbiota from healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects suggest that sulphate-reducing bacteria levels are raised in UC and by a protein-rich diet. 23941288 2 5 theme short-chain 543:553 arg1 SCFA 567:570 SCFA 567:570 SCFA 567:570 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 2 5 theme short-chain 543:553 arg1 acid 561:564 short-chain fatty acid 543:564 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production 543:582 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 1 6 theme ulcerative 232:241 arg1 UC 252:253 UC 252:253 UC 252:253 Imbalances in gut microbiota composition during ulcerative colitis (UC) indicate a role for the microbiota in propagating the disorder. 23941288 1 6 theme ulcerative 232:241 arg1 colitis 243:249 ulcerative colitis 232:249 ulcerative colitis (UC) 232:254 Imbalances in gut microbiota composition during ulcerative colitis (UC) indicate a role for the microbiota in propagating the disorder. 23941288 3 7 theme SCFA 634:637 arg1 levels 639:644 two-fold higher growth and SCFA levels 607:644 two-fold higher growth and SCFA levels 607:644 Healthy cultures gave two-fold higher growth and SCFA levels with up to ten-fold higher butyrate production. 23941288 5 8 dep group 885:889 arg1 five 895:898 five 895:898 five 895:898 Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were the predominant bacterial group (of five examined) for UC inocula whereas they were the minority group for the healthy inocula. 23941288 7 9 from levels 1128:1133 arg1 UC 1138:1139 UC 1138:1139 UC 1138:1139 The results suggest raised SRB levels in UC, which could contribute to the condition through release of toxic sulphide. 23941288 5 10 theme UC 914:915 arg1 inocula 917:923 UC inocula 914:923 UC inocula 914:923 Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were the predominant bacterial group (of five examined) for UC inocula whereas they were the minority group for the healthy inocula. 23941288 2 11 theme UC 469:470 arg1 patients 472:479 healthy or UC patients 458:479 healthy or UC patients 458:479 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 7 12 theme toxic 1201:1205 arg1 sulphide 1207:1214 toxic sulphide 1201:1214 toxic sulphide 1201:1214 The results suggest raised SRB levels in UC, which could contribute to the condition through release of toxic sulphide. 23941288 4 13 theme starch-enhanced 781:795 arg1 activity 811:818 starch-enhanced saccharolytic activity 781:818 starch-enhanced saccharolytic activity 781:818 Starch gave the highest growth and SCFA production (particularly butyrate), indicating starch-enhanced saccharolytic activity. 23941288 0 14 theme protein-rich 165:176 arg1 diet 178:181 a protein-rich diet 163:181 a protein-rich diet 163:181 In vitro batch cultures of gut microbiota from healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects suggest that sulphate-reducing bacteria levels are raised in UC and by a protein-rich diet. 23941288 4 15 theme highest 710:716 arg1 butyrate 759:766 butyrate 759:766 butyrate 759:766 Starch gave the highest growth and SCFA production (particularly butyrate), indicating starch-enhanced saccharolytic activity. 23941288 4 15 theme highest 710:716 arg1 growth 718:723 growth 718:723 growth 718:723 Starch gave the highest growth and SCFA production (particularly butyrate), indicating starch-enhanced saccharolytic activity. 23941288 2 16 theme in 357:358 arg1 peptone 402:408 peptone 402:408 peptone 402:408 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 2 16 theme in 357:358 arg1 cultures 372:379 in vitro batch cultures 357:379 in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients 357:479 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 2 16 theme in 357:358 arg1 mucin 395:399 with/without mucin 382:399 with/without mucin 382:399 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 2 16 theme in 357:358 arg1 starch 413:418 starch 413:418 starch 413:418 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 2 17 theme faecal 437:442 arg1 slurries 444:451 faecal slurries 437:451 faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients 437:479 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 0 18 theme In 0:1 arg1 cultures 15:22 In vitro batch cultures 0:22 In vitro batch cultures of gut microbiota from healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects 0:90 In vitro batch cultures of gut microbiota from healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects suggest that sulphate-reducing bacteria levels are raised in UC and by a protein-rich diet. 23941288 2 19 theme acid 561:564 arg1 production 573:582 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production 543:582 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production 543:582 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 3 20 theme higher 616:621 arg1 levels 639:644 two-fold higher growth and SCFA levels 607:644 two-fold higher growth and SCFA levels 607:644 Healthy cultures gave two-fold higher growth and SCFA levels with up to ten-fold higher butyrate production. 23941288 6 21 theme SRB 1000:1002 arg1 growth 1004:1009 SRB growth 1000:1009 SRB growth 1000:1009 Furthermore, SRB growth was stimulated by peptone presumably due to the presence of sulphur-rich amino acids. 23941288 6 22 theme amino 1084:1088 arg1 acids 1090:1094 sulphur-rich amino acids 1071:1094 sulphur-rich amino acids 1071:1094 Furthermore, SRB growth was stimulated by peptone presumably due to the presence of sulphur-rich amino acids. 23941288 2 23 theme with/without 382:393 arg1 cultures 372:379 in vitro batch cultures 357:379 in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients 357:479 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 2 23 theme with/without 382:393 arg1 mucin 395:399 with/without mucin 382:399 with/without mucin 382:399 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 0 24 theme batch 9:13 arg1 cultures 15:22 In vitro batch cultures 0:22 In vitro batch cultures of gut microbiota from healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects 0:90 In vitro batch cultures of gut microbiota from healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects suggest that sulphate-reducing bacteria levels are raised in UC and by a protein-rich diet. 23941288 3 25 theme butyrate 673:680 arg1 production 682:691 up to ten-fold higher butyrate production 651:691 up to ten-fold higher butyrate production 651:691 Healthy cultures gave two-fold higher growth and SCFA levels with up to ten-fold higher butyrate production. 23941288 3 26 theme Healthy 585:591 arg1 cultures 593:600 Healthy cultures 585:600 Healthy cultures 585:600 Healthy cultures gave two-fold higher growth and SCFA levels with up to ten-fold higher butyrate production. 23941288 6 27 theme sulphur-rich 1071:1082 arg1 acids 1090:1094 sulphur-rich amino acids 1071:1094 sulphur-rich amino acids 1071:1094 Furthermore, SRB growth was stimulated by peptone presumably due to the presence of sulphur-rich amino acids. 23941288 6 28 theme acids 1090:1094 arg1 presence 1059:1066 the presence 1055:1066 the presence of sulphur-rich amino acids 1055:1094 Furthermore, SRB growth was stimulated by peptone presumably due to the presence of sulphur-rich amino acids. 23941288 0 29 theme gut 27:29 arg1 microbiota 31:40 gut microbiota 27:40 gut microbiota 27:40 In vitro batch cultures of gut microbiota from healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects suggest that sulphate-reducing bacteria levels are raised in UC and by a protein-rich diet. 23941288 5 30 theme minority 947:954 arg1 they 933:936 they 933:936 they 933:936 Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were the predominant bacterial group (of five examined) for UC inocula whereas they were the minority group for the healthy inocula. 23941288 5 30 theme minority 947:954 arg1 group 956:960 the minority group 943:960 the minority group for the healthy inocula 943:984 Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were the predominant bacterial group (of five examined) for UC inocula whereas they were the minority group for the healthy inocula. 23941288 0 31 theme bacteria 123:130 arg1 levels 132:137 sulphate-reducing bacteria levels 105:137 sulphate-reducing bacteria levels 105:137 In vitro batch cultures of gut microbiota from healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects suggest that sulphate-reducing bacteria levels are raised in UC and by a protein-rich diet. 23941288 7 32 theme raised 1117:1122 arg1 levels 1128:1133 raised SRB levels 1117:1133 raised SRB levels 1117:1133 The results suggest raised SRB levels in UC, which could contribute to the condition through release of toxic sulphide. 23941288 2 33 dep cultures 372:379 arg1 peptone 402:408 peptone 402:408 peptone 402:408 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 2 33 dep cultures 372:379 arg1 cultures 372:379 in vitro batch cultures 357:379 in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients 357:479 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 2 33 dep cultures 372:379 arg1 mucin 395:399 with/without mucin 382:399 with/without mucin 382:399 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 2 33 dep cultures 372:379 arg1 starch 413:418 starch 413:418 starch 413:418 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 4 34 dep butyrate 759:766 arg1 particularly 746:757 particularly 746:757 particularly 746:757 Starch gave the highest growth and SCFA production (particularly butyrate), indicating starch-enhanced saccharolytic activity. 23941288 0 35 theme sulphate-reducing 105:121 arg1 levels 132:137 sulphate-reducing bacteria levels 105:137 sulphate-reducing bacteria levels 105:137 In vitro batch cultures of gut microbiota from healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects suggest that sulphate-reducing bacteria levels are raised in UC and by a protein-rich diet. 23941288 2 36 theme batch 366:370 arg1 peptone 402:408 peptone 402:408 peptone 402:408 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 2 36 theme batch 366:370 arg1 cultures 372:379 in vitro batch cultures 357:379 in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients 357:479 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 2 36 theme batch 366:370 arg1 mucin 395:399 with/without mucin 382:399 with/without mucin 382:399 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 2 36 theme batch 366:370 arg1 starch 413:418 starch 413:418 starch 413:418 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 1 37 from Imbalances 184:193 arg1 composition 213:223 gut microbiota composition 198:223 gut microbiota composition 198:223 Imbalances in gut microbiota composition during ulcerative colitis (UC) indicate a role for the microbiota in propagating the disorder. 23941288 5 38 theme predominant 863:873 arg1 bacteria 839:846 Sulphate-reducing bacteria 821:846 Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) 821:852 Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were the predominant bacterial group (of five examined) for UC inocula whereas they were the minority group for the healthy inocula. 23941288 5 38 theme predominant 863:873 arg1 group 885:889 the predominant bacterial group 859:889 the predominant bacterial group 859:889 Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were the predominant bacterial group (of five examined) for UC inocula whereas they were the minority group for the healthy inocula. 23941288 0 39 theme microbiota 31:40 arg1 cultures 15:22 In vitro batch cultures 0:22 In vitro batch cultures of gut microbiota from healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects 0:90 In vitro batch cultures of gut microbiota from healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects suggest that sulphate-reducing bacteria levels are raised in UC and by a protein-rich diet. 23941288 3 40 dep ten-fold 657:664 arg1 to 654:655 to 654:655 to 654:655 Healthy cultures gave two-fold higher growth and SCFA levels with up to ten-fold higher butyrate production. 23941288 3 40 dep ten-fold 657:664 arg1 higher 666:671 higher 666:671 higher 666:671 Healthy cultures gave two-fold higher growth and SCFA levels with up to ten-fold higher butyrate production. 23941288 0 41 from subjects 83:90 arg1 cultures 15:22 In vitro batch cultures 0:22 In vitro batch cultures of gut microbiota from healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects 0:90 In vitro batch cultures of gut microbiota from healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects suggest that sulphate-reducing bacteria levels are raised in UC and by a protein-rich diet. 23941288 5 42 theme healthy 970:976 arg1 inocula 978:984 the healthy inocula 966:984 the healthy inocula 966:984 Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were the predominant bacterial group (of five examined) for UC inocula whereas they were the minority group for the healthy inocula. 23941288 5 43 theme bacterial 875:883 arg1 bacteria 839:846 Sulphate-reducing bacteria 821:846 Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) 821:852 Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were the predominant bacterial group (of five examined) for UC inocula whereas they were the minority group for the healthy inocula. 23941288 5 43 theme bacterial 875:883 arg1 group 885:889 the predominant bacterial group 859:889 the predominant bacterial group 859:889 Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were the predominant bacterial group (of five examined) for UC inocula whereas they were the minority group for the healthy inocula. 23941288 2 44 dep in 357:358 arg1 vitro 360:364 vitro 360:364 vitro 360:364 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 2 45 theme groups 511:516 arg1 growth 486:491 the growth 482:491 the growth of five bacterial groups 482:516 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 3 46 theme growth 623:628 arg1 levels 639:644 two-fold higher growth and SCFA levels 607:644 two-fold higher growth and SCFA levels 607:644 Healthy cultures gave two-fold higher growth and SCFA levels with up to ten-fold higher butyrate production. 23941288 4 47 theme SCFA 729:732 arg1 production 734:743 SCFA production 729:743 SCFA production 729:743 Starch gave the highest growth and SCFA production (particularly butyrate), indicating starch-enhanced saccharolytic activity. 23941288 2 48 theme bacterial 501:509 arg1 groups 511:516 five bacterial groups 496:516 five bacterial groups 496:516 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 7 49 theme sulphide 1207:1214 arg1 release 1190:1196 release 1190:1196 release of toxic sulphide 1190:1214 The results suggest raised SRB levels in UC, which could contribute to the condition through release of toxic sulphide. 23941288 1 50 theme gut 198:200 arg1 composition 213:223 gut microbiota composition 198:223 gut microbiota composition 198:223 Imbalances in gut microbiota composition during ulcerative colitis (UC) indicate a role for the microbiota in propagating the disorder. 23941288 2 51 theme healthy 458:464 arg1 patients 472:479 healthy or UC patients 458:479 healthy or UC patients 458:479 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 2 52 from patients 472:479 arg1 slurries 444:451 faecal slurries 437:451 faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients 437:479 Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. 23941288 5 53 theme Sulphate-reducing 821:837 arg1 group 885:889 the predominant bacterial group 859:889 the predominant bacterial group 859:889 Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were the predominant bacterial group (of five examined) for UC inocula whereas they were the minority group for the healthy inocula. 23941288 5 53 theme Sulphate-reducing 821:837 arg1 SRB 849:851 SRB 849:851 SRB 849:851 Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were the predominant bacterial group (of five examined) for UC inocula whereas they were the minority group for the healthy inocula. 23941288 5 53 theme Sulphate-reducing 821:837 arg1 bacteria 839:846 Sulphate-reducing bacteria 821:846 Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) 821:852 Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were the predominant bacterial group (of five examined) for UC inocula whereas they were the minority group for the healthy inocula. 23941288 1 54 theme microbiota 202:211 arg1 composition 213:223 gut microbiota composition 198:223 gut microbiota composition 198:223 Imbalances in gut microbiota composition during ulcerative colitis (UC) indicate a role for the microbiota in propagating the disorder. 23941288 0 55 theme healthy 47:53 arg1 subjects 83:90 healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects 47:90 healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects 47:90 In vitro batch cultures of gut microbiota from healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects suggest that sulphate-reducing bacteria levels are raised in UC and by a protein-rich diet. 23941288 7 56 theme SRB 1124:1126 arg1 levels 1128:1133 raised SRB levels 1117:1133 raised SRB levels 1117:1133 The results suggest raised SRB levels in UC, which could contribute to the condition through release of toxic sulphide. 23941288 0 57 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro batch cultures of gut microbiota from healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects suggest that sulphate-reducing bacteria levels are raised in UC and by a protein-rich diet. 23941288 4 58 theme saccharolytic 797:809 arg1 activity 811:818 starch-enhanced saccharolytic activity 781:818 starch-enhanced saccharolytic activity 781:818 Starch gave the highest growth and SCFA production (particularly butyrate), indicating starch-enhanced saccharolytic activity. 27482104 8 0 theme activated 1277:1285 arg1 K-RAS 1287:1291 activated K-RAS 1277:1291 activated K-RAS 1277:1291 Finally, knockdown of OGT or O-GlcNAc inhibition in HeLa cells or in TC-1 cells, a mouse cell line transformed by HPV16 E6/E7 and activated K-RAS, reduced c-MYC and suppressed tumorigenesis and metastasis. 27482104 10 1 theme HPV-associated 1517:1530 arg1 malignancies 1532:1543 HPV-associated malignancies 1517:1543 HPV-associated malignancies 1517:1543 These findings may eventually aid in the development of effective therapeutics for HPV-associated malignancies by targeting aberrant O-GlcNAc. 27482104 5 2 theme inhibitor 856:864 arg1 concentration 828:840 a low concentration 822:840 a low concentration of a chemical inhibitor 822:864 Conversely, in HPV-18-transformed HeLa cervical carcinoma cells, inhibition of O-GlcNAc with a low concentration of a chemical inhibitor impaired the transformed phenotypes in vitro. 27482104 5 3 theme transformed 879:889 arg1 phenotypes 891:900 the transformed phenotypes 875:900 the transformed phenotypes in vitro 875:909 Conversely, in HPV-18-transformed HeLa cervical carcinoma cells, inhibition of O-GlcNAc with a low concentration of a chemical inhibitor impaired the transformed phenotypes in vitro. 27482104 7 4 theme inhibitor 1096:1104 arg1 concentration 1070:1082 a high concentration 1063:1082 a high concentration of O-GlcNAc inhibitor 1063:1104 Reduction of HPV-mediated cell viability by a high concentration of O-GlcNAc inhibitor was partially rescued by elevated c-MYC. 27482104 6 5 from O-GlcNAcylation 993:1007 arg1 Thr58 1012:1016 Thr58 1012:1016 Thr58 1012:1016 We showed that E6 elevated c-MYC via increased protein stability attributable to O-GlcNAcylation on Thr58. 27482104 4 6 theme E6 542:543 arg1 Transduction 511:522 Transduction 511:522 Transduction of HPV16 oncogene E6 or E6/E7 into mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) 511:592 Transduction of HPV16 oncogene E6 or E6/E7 into mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) up-regulated OGT mRNA and protein, elevated the level of O-GlcNAc, and promoted cell proliferation while reducing cellular senescence. 27482104 7 7 theme O-GlcNAc 1087:1094 arg1 inhibitor 1096:1104 O-GlcNAc inhibitor 1087:1104 O-GlcNAc inhibitor 1087:1104 Reduction of HPV-mediated cell viability by a high concentration of O-GlcNAc inhibitor was partially rescued by elevated c-MYC. 27482104 5 8 theme chemical 847:854 arg1 inhibitor 856:864 a chemical inhibitor 845:864 a chemical inhibitor 845:864 Conversely, in HPV-18-transformed HeLa cervical carcinoma cells, inhibition of O-GlcNAc with a low concentration of a chemical inhibitor impaired the transformed phenotypes in vitro. 27482104 6 9 theme increased 949:957 arg1 stability 967:975 increased protein stability 949:975 increased protein stability attributable to O-GlcNAcylation on Thr58 949:1016 We showed that E6 elevated c-MYC via increased protein stability attributable to O-GlcNAcylation on Thr58. 27482104 5 10 dep in 902:903 arg1 vitro 905:909 vitro 905:909 vitro 905:909 Conversely, in HPV-18-transformed HeLa cervical carcinoma cells, inhibition of O-GlcNAc with a low concentration of a chemical inhibitor impaired the transformed phenotypes in vitro. 27482104 4 11 theme cellular 708:715 arg1 senescence 717:726 cellular senescence 708:726 cellular senescence 708:726 Transduction of HPV16 oncogene E6 or E6/E7 into mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) up-regulated OGT mRNA and protein, elevated the level of O-GlcNAc, and promoted cell proliferation while reducing cellular senescence. 27482104 4 12 theme E6/E7 548:552 arg1 Transduction 511:522 Transduction 511:522 Transduction of HPV16 oncogene E6 or E6/E7 into mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) 511:592 Transduction of HPV16 oncogene E6 or E6/E7 into mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) up-regulated OGT mRNA and protein, elevated the level of O-GlcNAc, and promoted cell proliferation while reducing cellular senescence. 27482104 10 13 theme aberrant 1558:1565 arg1 O-GlcNAc 1567:1574 aberrant O-GlcNAc 1558:1574 aberrant O-GlcNAc 1558:1574 These findings may eventually aid in the development of effective therapeutics for HPV-associated malignancies by targeting aberrant O-GlcNAc. 27482104 3 14 theme normal 445:450 arg1 cervix 452:457 normal cervix 445:457 normal cervix 445:457 Here, we report that O-linked GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) were markedly increased in HPV-caused cervical neoplasms relative to normal cervix, whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) levels were not altered. 27482104 1 15 theme High-risk 70:78 arg1 agents 124:129 causative agents 114:129 causative agents of anogenital cancers 114:151 High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents of anogenital cancers and a fraction of head and neck cancers. 27482104 1 15 theme High-risk 70:78 arg1 HPVs 104:107 HPVs 104:107 HPVs 104:107 High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents of anogenital cancers and a fraction of head and neck cancers. 27482104 1 15 theme High-risk 70:78 arg1 papillomaviruses 86:101 High-risk human papillomaviruses 70:101 High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) 70:108 High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents of anogenital cancers and a fraction of head and neck cancers. 27482104 3 16 theme HPV-caused 403:412 arg1 neoplasms 423:431 HPV-caused cervical neoplasms 403:431 HPV-caused cervical neoplasms relative to normal cervix 403:457 Here, we report that O-linked GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) were markedly increased in HPV-caused cervical neoplasms relative to normal cervix, whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) levels were not altered. 27482104 8 17 theme HeLa 1199:1202 arg1 cells 1204:1208 HeLa cells 1199:1208 HeLa cells 1199:1208 Finally, knockdown of OGT or O-GlcNAc inhibition in HeLa cells or in TC-1 cells, a mouse cell line transformed by HPV16 E6/E7 and activated K-RAS, reduced c-MYC and suppressed tumorigenesis and metastasis. 27482104 1 18 theme human 80:84 arg1 agents 124:129 causative agents 114:129 causative agents of anogenital cancers 114:151 High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents of anogenital cancers and a fraction of head and neck cancers. 27482104 1 18 theme human 80:84 arg1 HPVs 104:107 HPVs 104:107 HPVs 104:107 High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents of anogenital cancers and a fraction of head and neck cancers. 27482104 1 18 theme human 80:84 arg1 papillomaviruses 86:101 High-risk human papillomaviruses 70:101 High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) 70:108 High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents of anogenital cancers and a fraction of head and neck cancers. 27482104 3 19 theme cervical 414:421 arg1 neoplasms 423:431 HPV-caused cervical neoplasms 403:431 HPV-caused cervical neoplasms relative to normal cervix 403:457 Here, we report that O-linked GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) were markedly increased in HPV-caused cervical neoplasms relative to normal cervix, whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) levels were not altered. 27482104 5 20 theme cervical 768:775 arg1 cells 787:791 HPV-18-transformed HeLa cervical carcinoma cells 744:791 HPV-18-transformed HeLa cervical carcinoma cells 744:791 Conversely, in HPV-18-transformed HeLa cervical carcinoma cells, inhibition of O-GlcNAc with a low concentration of a chemical inhibitor impaired the transformed phenotypes in vitro. 27482104 4 21 theme HPV16 527:531 arg1 E6 542:543 HPV16 oncogene E6 527:543 HPV16 oncogene E6 527:543 Transduction of HPV16 oncogene E6 or E6/E7 into mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) up-regulated OGT mRNA and protein, elevated the level of O-GlcNAc, and promoted cell proliferation while reducing cellular senescence. 27482104 7 22 theme HPV-mediated 1032:1043 arg1 viability 1050:1058 HPV-mediated cell viability 1032:1058 HPV-mediated cell viability 1032:1058 Reduction of HPV-mediated cell viability by a high concentration of O-GlcNAc inhibitor was partially rescued by elevated c-MYC. 27482104 1 23 theme head 171:174 arg1 cancers 185:191 head and neck cancers 171:191 head and neck cancers 171:191 High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents of anogenital cancers and a fraction of head and neck cancers. 27482104 0 24 theme O-linked 0:7 arg1 GlcNAcylation 9:21 O-linked GlcNAcylation 0:21 O-linked GlcNAcylation elevated by HPV E6 0:40 O-linked GlcNAcylation elevated by HPV E6 mediates viral oncogenesis. 27482104 7 25 theme high 1065:1068 arg1 concentration 1070:1082 a high concentration 1063:1082 a high concentration of O-GlcNAc inhibitor 1063:1104 Reduction of HPV-mediated cell viability by a high concentration of O-GlcNAc inhibitor was partially rescued by elevated c-MYC. 27482104 4 26 theme cell 674:677 arg1 proliferation 679:691 cell proliferation 674:691 cell proliferation 674:691 Transduction of HPV16 oncogene E6 or E6/E7 into mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) up-regulated OGT mRNA and protein, elevated the level of O-GlcNAc, and promoted cell proliferation while reducing cellular senescence. 27482104 8 27 theme TC-1 1216:1219 arg1 line 1241:1244 a mouse cell line 1228:1244 a mouse cell line transformed by HPV16 E6/E7 and activated K-RAS 1228:1291 Finally, knockdown of OGT or O-GlcNAc inhibition in HeLa cells or in TC-1 cells, a mouse cell line transformed by HPV16 E6/E7 and activated K-RAS, reduced c-MYC and suppressed tumorigenesis and metastasis. 27482104 8 27 theme TC-1 1216:1219 arg1 cells 1221:1225 TC-1 cells 1216:1225 TC-1 cells 1216:1225 Finally, knockdown of OGT or O-GlcNAc inhibition in HeLa cells or in TC-1 cells, a mouse cell line transformed by HPV16 E6/E7 and activated K-RAS, reduced c-MYC and suppressed tumorigenesis and metastasis. 27482104 8 28 theme O-GlcNAc 1176:1183 arg1 knockdown 1156:1164 knockdown 1156:1164 knockdown of OGT or O-GlcNAc inhibition in HeLa cells or in TC-1 cells, a mouse cell line transformed by HPV16 E6/E7 and activated K-RAS, 1156:1292 Finally, knockdown of OGT or O-GlcNAc inhibition in HeLa cells or in TC-1 cells, a mouse cell line transformed by HPV16 E6/E7 and activated K-RAS, reduced c-MYC and suppressed tumorigenesis and metastasis. 27482104 5 29 theme carcinoma 777:785 arg1 cells 787:791 HPV-18-transformed HeLa cervical carcinoma cells 744:791 HPV-18-transformed HeLa cervical carcinoma cells 744:791 Conversely, in HPV-18-transformed HeLa cervical carcinoma cells, inhibition of O-GlcNAc with a low concentration of a chemical inhibitor impaired the transformed phenotypes in vitro. 27482104 7 30 theme viability 1050:1058 arg1 Reduction 1019:1027 Reduction 1019:1027 Reduction of HPV-mediated cell viability by a high concentration of O-GlcNAc inhibitor 1019:1104 Reduction of HPV-mediated cell viability by a high concentration of O-GlcNAc inhibitor was partially rescued by elevated c-MYC. 27482104 0 31 link O-linked 0:7 arg1 GlcNAcylation 9:21 O-linked GlcNAcylation 0:21 O-linked GlcNAcylation elevated by HPV E6 0:40 O-linked GlcNAcylation elevated by HPV E6 mediates viral oncogenesis. 27482104 5 32 theme HPV-18-transformed 744:761 arg1 cells 787:791 HPV-18-transformed HeLa cervical carcinoma cells 744:791 HPV-18-transformed HeLa cervical carcinoma cells 744:791 Conversely, in HPV-18-transformed HeLa cervical carcinoma cells, inhibition of O-GlcNAc with a low concentration of a chemical inhibitor impaired the transformed phenotypes in vitro. 27482104 1 33 theme neck 180:183 arg1 cancers 185:191 head and neck cancers 171:191 head and neck cancers 171:191 High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents of anogenital cancers and a fraction of head and neck cancers. 27482104 3 34 theme O-GlcNAc 349:356 arg1 transferase 358:368 O-GlcNAc transferase 349:368 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) 349:374 Here, we report that O-linked GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) were markedly increased in HPV-caused cervical neoplasms relative to normal cervix, whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) levels were not altered. 27482104 3 34 theme O-GlcNAc 349:356 arg1 OGT 371:373 OGT 371:373 OGT 371:373 Here, we report that O-linked GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) were markedly increased in HPV-caused cervical neoplasms relative to normal cervix, whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) levels were not altered. 27482104 4 35 theme oncogene 533:540 arg1 E6 542:543 HPV16 oncogene E6 527:543 HPV16 oncogene E6 527:543 Transduction of HPV16 oncogene E6 or E6/E7 into mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) up-regulated OGT mRNA and protein, elevated the level of O-GlcNAc, and promoted cell proliferation while reducing cellular senescence. 27482104 3 36 link O-linked 311:318 arg1 O-GlcNAc 335:342 O-GlcNAc 335:342 O-GlcNAc 335:342 Here, we report that O-linked GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) were markedly increased in HPV-caused cervical neoplasms relative to normal cervix, whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) levels were not altered. 27482104 3 36 link O-linked 311:318 arg1 GlcNAcylation 320:332 O-linked GlcNAcylation 311:332 O-linked GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) 311:343 Here, we report that O-linked GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) were markedly increased in HPV-caused cervical neoplasms relative to normal cervix, whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) levels were not altered. 27482104 1 37 theme cancers 185:191 arg1 agents 124:129 causative agents 114:129 causative agents of anogenital cancers 114:151 High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents of anogenital cancers and a fraction of head and neck cancers. 27482104 1 37 theme cancers 185:191 arg1 fraction 159:166 a fraction 157:166 a fraction of head and neck cancers 157:191 High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents of anogenital cancers and a fraction of head and neck cancers. 27482104 1 37 theme cancers 185:191 arg1 papillomaviruses 86:101 High-risk human papillomaviruses 70:101 High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) 70:108 High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents of anogenital cancers and a fraction of head and neck cancers. 27482104 7 38 theme elevated 1131:1138 arg1 c-MYC 1140:1144 elevated c-MYC 1131:1144 elevated c-MYC 1131:1144 Reduction of HPV-mediated cell viability by a high concentration of O-GlcNAc inhibitor was partially rescued by elevated c-MYC. 27482104 3 39 theme O-GlcNAcase 468:478 arg1 levels 486:491 O-GlcNAcase (OGA) levels 468:491 O-GlcNAcase (OGA) levels 468:491 Here, we report that O-linked GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) were markedly increased in HPV-caused cervical neoplasms relative to normal cervix, whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) levels were not altered. 27482104 5 40 with inhibition 794:803 arg1 concentration 828:840 a low concentration 822:840 a low concentration of a chemical inhibitor 822:864 Conversely, in HPV-18-transformed HeLa cervical carcinoma cells, inhibition of O-GlcNAc with a low concentration of a chemical inhibitor impaired the transformed phenotypes in vitro. 27482104 5 41 theme O-GlcNAc 808:815 arg1 inhibition 794:803 inhibition 794:803 inhibition of O-GlcNAc with a low concentration of a chemical inhibitor 794:864 Conversely, in HPV-18-transformed HeLa cervical carcinoma cells, inhibition of O-GlcNAc with a low concentration of a chemical inhibitor impaired the transformed phenotypes in vitro. 27482104 4 42 theme OGT 607:609 arg1 mRNA 611:614 OGT mRNA 607:614 OGT mRNA 607:614 Transduction of HPV16 oncogene E6 or E6/E7 into mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) up-regulated OGT mRNA and protein, elevated the level of O-GlcNAc, and promoted cell proliferation while reducing cellular senescence. 27482104 0 43 theme HPV 35:37 arg1 E6 39:40 HPV E6 35:40 HPV E6 35:40 O-linked GlcNAcylation elevated by HPV E6 mediates viral oncogenesis. 27482104 3 44 gly GlcNAcylation 320:332 arg1 neoplasms 423:431 HPV-caused cervical neoplasms 403:431 HPV-caused cervical neoplasms relative to normal cervix 403:457 Here, we report that O-linked GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) were markedly increased in HPV-caused cervical neoplasms relative to normal cervix, whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) levels were not altered. 27482104 6 45 theme protein 959:965 arg1 stability 967:975 increased protein stability 949:975 increased protein stability attributable to O-GlcNAcylation on Thr58 949:1016 We showed that E6 elevated c-MYC via increased protein stability attributable to O-GlcNAcylation on Thr58. 27482104 3 46 theme relative 433:440 arg1 neoplasms 423:431 HPV-caused cervical neoplasms 403:431 HPV-caused cervical neoplasms relative to normal cervix 403:457 Here, we report that O-linked GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) were markedly increased in HPV-caused cervical neoplasms relative to normal cervix, whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) levels were not altered. 27482104 0 47 theme viral 51:55 arg1 oncogenesis 57:67 viral oncogenesis 51:67 viral oncogenesis 51:67 O-linked GlcNAcylation elevated by HPV E6 mediates viral oncogenesis. 27482104 10 48 theme therapeutics 1500:1511 arg1 development 1475:1485 the development 1471:1485 the development of effective therapeutics for HPV-associated malignancies 1471:1543 These findings may eventually aid in the development of effective therapeutics for HPV-associated malignancies by targeting aberrant O-GlcNAc. 27482104 8 49 dep OGT 1169:1171 arg1 inhibition 1185:1194 inhibition 1185:1194 inhibition 1185:1194 Finally, knockdown of OGT or O-GlcNAc inhibition in HeLa cells or in TC-1 cells, a mouse cell line transformed by HPV16 E6/E7 and activated K-RAS, reduced c-MYC and suppressed tumorigenesis and metastasis. 27482104 7 50 theme cell 1045:1048 arg1 viability 1050:1058 HPV-mediated cell viability 1032:1058 HPV-mediated cell viability 1032:1058 Reduction of HPV-mediated cell viability by a high concentration of O-GlcNAc inhibitor was partially rescued by elevated c-MYC. 27482104 5 51 theme HeLa 763:766 arg1 cells 787:791 HPV-18-transformed HeLa cervical carcinoma cells 744:791 HPV-18-transformed HeLa cervical carcinoma cells 744:791 Conversely, in HPV-18-transformed HeLa cervical carcinoma cells, inhibition of O-GlcNAc with a low concentration of a chemical inhibitor impaired the transformed phenotypes in vitro. 27482104 10 52 theme effective 1490:1498 arg1 therapeutics 1500:1511 effective therapeutics 1490:1511 effective therapeutics for HPV-associated malignancies 1490:1543 These findings may eventually aid in the development of effective therapeutics for HPV-associated malignancies by targeting aberrant O-GlcNAc. 27482104 8 53 from knockdown 1156:1164 arg1 line 1241:1244 a mouse cell line 1228:1244 a mouse cell line transformed by HPV16 E6/E7 and activated K-RAS 1228:1291 Finally, knockdown of OGT or O-GlcNAc inhibition in HeLa cells or in TC-1 cells, a mouse cell line transformed by HPV16 E6/E7 and activated K-RAS, reduced c-MYC and suppressed tumorigenesis and metastasis. 27482104 8 53 from knockdown 1156:1164 arg1 cells 1221:1225 TC-1 cells 1216:1225 TC-1 cells 1216:1225 Finally, knockdown of OGT or O-GlcNAc inhibition in HeLa cells or in TC-1 cells, a mouse cell line transformed by HPV16 E6/E7 and activated K-RAS, reduced c-MYC and suppressed tumorigenesis and metastasis. 27482104 8 53 from knockdown 1156:1164 arg1 cells 1204:1208 HeLa cells 1199:1208 HeLa cells 1199:1208 Finally, knockdown of OGT or O-GlcNAc inhibition in HeLa cells or in TC-1 cells, a mouse cell line transformed by HPV16 E6/E7 and activated K-RAS, reduced c-MYC and suppressed tumorigenesis and metastasis. 27482104 1 54 theme causative 114:122 arg1 agents 124:129 causative agents 114:129 causative agents of anogenital cancers 114:151 High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents of anogenital cancers and a fraction of head and neck cancers. 27482104 1 54 theme causative 114:122 arg1 papillomaviruses 86:101 High-risk human papillomaviruses 70:101 High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) 70:108 High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents of anogenital cancers and a fraction of head and neck cancers. 27482104 8 55 theme OGT 1169:1171 arg1 knockdown 1156:1164 knockdown 1156:1164 knockdown of OGT or O-GlcNAc inhibition in HeLa cells or in TC-1 cells, a mouse cell line transformed by HPV16 E6/E7 and activated K-RAS, 1156:1292 Finally, knockdown of OGT or O-GlcNAc inhibition in HeLa cells or in TC-1 cells, a mouse cell line transformed by HPV16 E6/E7 and activated K-RAS, reduced c-MYC and suppressed tumorigenesis and metastasis. 27482104 8 56 theme cell 1236:1239 arg1 line 1241:1244 a mouse cell line 1228:1244 a mouse cell line transformed by HPV16 E6/E7 and activated K-RAS 1228:1291 Finally, knockdown of OGT or O-GlcNAc inhibition in HeLa cells or in TC-1 cells, a mouse cell line transformed by HPV16 E6/E7 and activated K-RAS, reduced c-MYC and suppressed tumorigenesis and metastasis. 27482104 8 56 theme cell 1236:1239 arg1 cells 1221:1225 TC-1 cells 1216:1225 TC-1 cells 1216:1225 Finally, knockdown of OGT or O-GlcNAc inhibition in HeLa cells or in TC-1 cells, a mouse cell line transformed by HPV16 E6/E7 and activated K-RAS, reduced c-MYC and suppressed tumorigenesis and metastasis. 27482104 2 57 theme neoplasias 244:253 arg1 progression 225:235 the progression 221:235 the progression of HPV neoplasias to cancers 221:264 The mechanisms involved in the progression of HPV neoplasias to cancers remain largely unknown. 27482104 4 58 theme embryonic 565:573 arg1 MEFs 588:591 MEFs 588:591 MEFs 588:591 Transduction of HPV16 oncogene E6 or E6/E7 into mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) up-regulated OGT mRNA and protein, elevated the level of O-GlcNAc, and promoted cell proliferation while reducing cellular senescence. 27482104 4 58 theme embryonic 565:573 arg1 fibroblasts 575:585 mouse embryonic fibroblasts 559:585 mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) 559:592 Transduction of HPV16 oncogene E6 or E6/E7 into mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) up-regulated OGT mRNA and protein, elevated the level of O-GlcNAc, and promoted cell proliferation while reducing cellular senescence. 27482104 2 59 theme HPV 240:242 arg1 neoplasias 244:253 HPV neoplasias 240:253 HPV neoplasias 240:253 The mechanisms involved in the progression of HPV neoplasias to cancers remain largely unknown. 27482104 5 60 theme in 902:903 arg1 phenotypes 891:900 the transformed phenotypes 875:900 the transformed phenotypes in vitro 875:909 Conversely, in HPV-18-transformed HeLa cervical carcinoma cells, inhibition of O-GlcNAc with a low concentration of a chemical inhibitor impaired the transformed phenotypes in vitro. 27482104 4 61 theme mouse 559:563 arg1 MEFs 588:591 MEFs 588:591 MEFs 588:591 Transduction of HPV16 oncogene E6 or E6/E7 into mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) up-regulated OGT mRNA and protein, elevated the level of O-GlcNAc, and promoted cell proliferation while reducing cellular senescence. 27482104 4 61 theme mouse 559:563 arg1 fibroblasts 575:585 mouse embryonic fibroblasts 559:585 mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) 559:592 Transduction of HPV16 oncogene E6 or E6/E7 into mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) up-regulated OGT mRNA and protein, elevated the level of O-GlcNAc, and promoted cell proliferation while reducing cellular senescence. 27482104 8 62 theme mouse 1230:1234 arg1 line 1241:1244 a mouse cell line 1228:1244 a mouse cell line transformed by HPV16 E6/E7 and activated K-RAS 1228:1291 Finally, knockdown of OGT or O-GlcNAc inhibition in HeLa cells or in TC-1 cells, a mouse cell line transformed by HPV16 E6/E7 and activated K-RAS, reduced c-MYC and suppressed tumorigenesis and metastasis. 27482104 8 62 theme mouse 1230:1234 arg1 cells 1221:1225 TC-1 cells 1216:1225 TC-1 cells 1216:1225 Finally, knockdown of OGT or O-GlcNAc inhibition in HeLa cells or in TC-1 cells, a mouse cell line transformed by HPV16 E6/E7 and activated K-RAS, reduced c-MYC and suppressed tumorigenesis and metastasis. 27482104 1 63 theme anogenital 134:143 arg1 cancers 145:151 anogenital cancers 134:151 anogenital cancers 134:151 High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents of anogenital cancers and a fraction of head and neck cancers. 27482104 5 64 theme low 824:826 arg1 concentration 828:840 a low concentration 822:840 a low concentration of a chemical inhibitor 822:864 Conversely, in HPV-18-transformed HeLa cervical carcinoma cells, inhibition of O-GlcNAc with a low concentration of a chemical inhibitor impaired the transformed phenotypes in vitro. 27482104 3 65 theme O-linked 311:318 arg1 O-GlcNAc 335:342 O-GlcNAc 335:342 O-GlcNAc 335:342 Here, we report that O-linked GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) were markedly increased in HPV-caused cervical neoplasms relative to normal cervix, whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) levels were not altered. 27482104 3 65 theme O-linked 311:318 arg1 GlcNAcylation 320:332 O-linked GlcNAcylation 311:332 O-linked GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) 311:343 Here, we report that O-linked GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) were markedly increased in HPV-caused cervical neoplasms relative to normal cervix, whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) levels were not altered. 27482104 6 66 theme attributable 977:988 arg1 stability 967:975 increased protein stability 949:975 increased protein stability attributable to O-GlcNAcylation on Thr58 949:1016 We showed that E6 elevated c-MYC via increased protein stability attributable to O-GlcNAcylation on Thr58. 27482104 1 67 theme cancers 145:151 arg1 agents 124:129 causative agents 114:129 causative agents of anogenital cancers 114:151 High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents of anogenital cancers and a fraction of head and neck cancers. 27482104 1 67 theme cancers 145:151 arg1 fraction 159:166 a fraction 157:166 a fraction of head and neck cancers 157:191 High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents of anogenital cancers and a fraction of head and neck cancers. 27482104 1 67 theme cancers 145:151 arg1 papillomaviruses 86:101 High-risk human papillomaviruses 70:101 High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) 70:108 High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents of anogenital cancers and a fraction of head and neck cancers. 27482104 4 68 theme O-GlcNAc 651:658 arg1 level 642:646 the level 638:646 the level of O-GlcNAc 638:658 Transduction of HPV16 oncogene E6 or E6/E7 into mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) up-regulated OGT mRNA and protein, elevated the level of O-GlcNAc, and promoted cell proliferation while reducing cellular senescence. 28932895 0 0 theme Caries-Free 91:101 arg1 Hosts 103:107 Caries-Affected and Caries-Free Hosts 71:107 Caries-Affected and Caries-Free Hosts 71:107 Taxonomic and Functional Analyses of the Supragingival Microbiome from Caries-Affected and Caries-Free Hosts. 28932895 8 1 from differences 1499:1509 arg1 ecology 1528:1534 dental plaque ecology 1514:1534 dental plaque ecology 1514:1534 Our results suggested that the fundamental differences in dental plaque ecology partially explained the patients' susceptibility to caries, and could be used for caries risk prediction in the future. 28932895 5 2 with caries 947:952 arg1 patterns 1002:1009 disturbed co-occurrence patterns 978:1009 disturbed co-occurrence patterns 978:1009 Genera including Selenomonas, Treponema, Atopobium, and Bergeriella were distributed differently between the caries and healthy groups with disturbed co-occurrence patterns. 28932895 1 3 theme costly 150:155 arg1 diseases 168:175 the most prevalent and costly infectious diseases 127:175 the most prevalent and costly infectious diseases affecting humans of all ages 127:204 Caries is one of the most prevalent and costly infectious diseases affecting humans of all ages. 28932895 7 4 theme acid 1189:1192 arg1 synthesis 1194:1202 organic acid synthesis 1181:1202 organic acid synthesis 1181:1202 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 1 5 theme infectious 157:166 arg1 diseases 168:175 the most prevalent and costly infectious diseases 127:175 the most prevalent and costly infectious diseases affecting humans of all ages 127:204 Caries is one of the most prevalent and costly infectious diseases affecting humans of all ages. 28932895 5 6 theme co-occurrence 988:1000 arg1 patterns 1002:1009 disturbed co-occurrence patterns 978:1009 disturbed co-occurrence patterns 978:1009 Genera including Selenomonas, Treponema, Atopobium, and Bergeriella were distributed differently between the caries and healthy groups with disturbed co-occurrence patterns. 28932895 3 7 theme microbial 360:368 arg1 populations 370:380 microbial populations 360:380 microbial populations 360:380 To determine which microbial populations may predispose a patient to caries, we report here an in-depth and comprehensive view of the microbial community associated with supragingival dental plaque collected from the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults. 28932895 3 8 theme dental 525:530 arg1 collected 539:547 supragingival dental plaque collected 511:547 supragingival dental plaque collected from the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults 511:608 To determine which microbial populations may predispose a patient to caries, we report here an in-depth and comprehensive view of the microbial community associated with supragingival dental plaque collected from the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults. 28932895 4 9 theme overall 795:801 arg1 similar 829:835 similar 829:835 similar 829:835 We found that microbial communities from caries patients had a higher evenness and inter-individual variations but simpler ecological networks compared to healthy controls despite the overall taxonomic structure being similar. 28932895 4 9 theme overall 795:801 arg1 structure 813:821 the overall taxonomic structure 791:821 the overall taxonomic structure 791:821 We found that microbial communities from caries patients had a higher evenness and inter-individual variations but simpler ecological networks compared to healthy controls despite the overall taxonomic structure being similar. 28932895 4 10 theme healthy 766:772 arg1 controls 774:781 healthy controls 766:781 healthy controls 766:781 We found that microbial communities from caries patients had a higher evenness and inter-individual variations but simpler ecological networks compared to healthy controls despite the overall taxonomic structure being similar. 28932895 3 11 theme healthy 558:564 arg1 teeth 566:570 the healthy teeth 554:570 the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults 554:608 To determine which microbial populations may predispose a patient to caries, we report here an in-depth and comprehensive view of the microbial community associated with supragingival dental plaque collected from the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults. 28932895 7 12 theme pyrimidine 1308:1317 arg1 metabolism 1319:1328 purine and pyrimidine metabolism 1297:1328 metabolism 1319:1328 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 2 13 theme tooth 291:295 arg1 surfaces 297:304 saliva-coated tooth surfaces 277:304 saliva-coated tooth surfaces 277:304 It is initiated by cariogenic supragingival dental plaques forming on saliva-coated tooth surfaces, yet the etiology remains elusive. 28932895 7 14 from each 1417:1420 arg1 present 1406:1412 present 1406:1412 present 1406:1412 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 5 15 theme disturbed 978:986 arg1 patterns 1002:1009 disturbed co-occurrence patterns 978:1009 disturbed co-occurrence patterns 978:1009 Genera including Selenomonas, Treponema, Atopobium, and Bergeriella were distributed differently between the caries and healthy groups with disturbed co-occurrence patterns. 28932895 4 16 theme ecological 734:743 arg1 networks 745:752 simpler ecological networks 726:752 simpler ecological networks 726:752 We found that microbial communities from caries patients had a higher evenness and inter-individual variations but simpler ecological networks compared to healthy controls despite the overall taxonomic structure being similar. 28932895 7 17 theme function 1154:1161 arg1 genes 1163:1167 13 function genes 1151:1167 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis 1151:1399 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 7 18 theme co-factor 1378:1386 arg1 biosynthesis 1388:1399 co-factor biosynthesis 1378:1399 co-factor biosynthesis 1378:1399 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 2 19 theme saliva-coated 277:289 arg1 surfaces 297:304 saliva-coated tooth surfaces 277:304 saliva-coated tooth surfaces 277:304 It is initiated by cariogenic supragingival dental plaques forming on saliva-coated tooth surfaces, yet the etiology remains elusive. 28932895 1 20 theme diseases 168:175 arg1 one 120:122 one 120:122 one 120:122 Caries is one of the most prevalent and costly infectious diseases affecting humans of all ages. 28932895 1 20 theme diseases 168:175 arg1 diseases 168:175 the most prevalent and costly infectious diseases 127:175 the most prevalent and costly infectious diseases affecting humans of all ages 127:204 Caries is one of the most prevalent and costly infectious diseases affecting humans of all ages. 28932895 6 21 theme healthy 1036:1042 arg1 subjects 1044:1051 healthy subjects 1036:1051 healthy subjects 1036:1051 In addition, caries and healthy subjects carried different Treponema, Atopobium, and Prevotella species. 28932895 7 22 theme genes 1163:1167 arg1 populations 1136:1146 distinct populations 1127:1146 distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis 1127:1399 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 4 23 theme taxonomic 803:811 arg1 similar 829:835 similar 829:835 similar 829:835 We found that microbial communities from caries patients had a higher evenness and inter-individual variations but simpler ecological networks compared to healthy controls despite the overall taxonomic structure being similar. 28932895 4 23 theme taxonomic 803:811 arg1 structure 813:821 the overall taxonomic structure 791:821 the overall taxonomic structure 791:821 We found that microbial communities from caries patients had a higher evenness and inter-individual variations but simpler ecological networks compared to healthy controls despite the overall taxonomic structure being similar. 28932895 3 24 theme in-depth 436:443 arg1 view 463:466 an in-depth and comprehensive view 433:466 an in-depth and comprehensive view of the microbial community associated with supragingival dental plaque collected from the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults 433:608 To determine which microbial populations may predispose a patient to caries, we report here an in-depth and comprehensive view of the microbial community associated with supragingival dental plaque collected from the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults. 28932895 7 25 theme carbohydrate 1234:1245 arg1 degradation 1247:1257 complex carbohydrate degradation 1226:1257 complex carbohydrate degradation 1226:1257 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 4 26 theme caries 652:657 arg1 patients 659:666 caries patients 652:666 caries patients 652:666 We found that microbial communities from caries patients had a higher evenness and inter-individual variations but simpler ecological networks compared to healthy controls despite the overall taxonomic structure being similar. 28932895 8 27 theme caries 1618:1623 arg1 prediction 1630:1639 caries risk prediction 1618:1639 caries risk prediction in the future 1618:1653 Our results suggested that the fundamental differences in dental plaque ecology partially explained the patients' susceptibility to caries, and could be used for caries risk prediction in the future. 28932895 3 28 theme caries 575:580 arg1 patients 582:589 caries patients 575:589 caries patients 575:589 To determine which microbial populations may predispose a patient to caries, we report here an in-depth and comprehensive view of the microbial community associated with supragingival dental plaque collected from the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults. 28932895 8 29 from prediction 1630:1639 arg1 future 1648:1653 future 1648:1653 future 1648:1653 Our results suggested that the fundamental differences in dental plaque ecology partially explained the patients' susceptibility to caries, and could be used for caries risk prediction in the future. 28932895 0 30 theme Taxonomic 0:8 arg1 Analyses 25:32 Taxonomic and Functional Analyses 0:32 Taxonomic and Functional Analyses of the Supragingival Microbiome from Caries-Affected and Caries-Free Hosts. 0:108 Taxonomic and Functional Analyses of the Supragingival Microbiome from Caries-Affected and Caries-Free Hosts. 28932895 5 31 dep caries 947:952 arg1 the 943:945 the 943:945 the 943:945 Genera including Selenomonas, Treponema, Atopobium, and Bergeriella were distributed differently between the caries and healthy groups with disturbed co-occurrence patterns. 28932895 5 32 with groups 966:971 arg1 patterns 1002:1009 disturbed co-occurrence patterns 978:1009 disturbed co-occurrence patterns 978:1009 Genera including Selenomonas, Treponema, Atopobium, and Bergeriella were distributed differently between the caries and healthy groups with disturbed co-occurrence patterns. 28932895 3 33 theme patients 582:589 arg1 teeth 566:570 the healthy teeth 554:570 the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults 554:608 To determine which microbial populations may predispose a patient to caries, we report here an in-depth and comprehensive view of the microbial community associated with supragingival dental plaque collected from the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults. 28932895 4 34 from patients 659:666 arg1 communities 635:645 microbial communities 625:645 microbial communities from caries patients 625:666 We found that microbial communities from caries patients had a higher evenness and inter-individual variations but simpler ecological networks compared to healthy controls despite the overall taxonomic structure being similar. 28932895 4 35 theme higher 674:679 arg1 evenness 681:688 a higher evenness 672:688 a higher evenness 672:688 We found that microbial communities from caries patients had a higher evenness and inter-individual variations but simpler ecological networks compared to healthy controls despite the overall taxonomic structure being similar. 28932895 7 36 theme distinct 1127:1134 arg1 populations 1136:1146 distinct populations 1127:1146 distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis 1127:1399 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 5 37 theme healthy 958:964 arg1 groups 966:971 healthy groups 958:971 healthy groups 958:971 Genera including Selenomonas, Treponema, Atopobium, and Bergeriella were distributed differently between the caries and healthy groups with disturbed co-occurrence patterns. 28932895 6 38 contain carried 1053:1059 arg3 addition 1015:1022 addition 1015:1022 addition 1015:1022 In addition, caries and healthy subjects carried different Treponema, Atopobium, and Prevotella species. 28932895 6 38 contain carried 1053:1059 arg2 Atopobium 1082:1090 Atopobium 1082:1090 Atopobium 1082:1090 In addition, caries and healthy subjects carried different Treponema, Atopobium, and Prevotella species. 28932895 6 38 contain carried 1053:1059 arg1 caries 1025:1030 caries 1025:1030 caries 1025:1030 In addition, caries and healthy subjects carried different Treponema, Atopobium, and Prevotella species. 28932895 6 38 contain carried 1053:1059 arg1 subjects 1044:1051 healthy subjects 1036:1051 healthy subjects 1036:1051 In addition, caries and healthy subjects carried different Treponema, Atopobium, and Prevotella species. 28932895 6 38 contain carried 1053:1059 arg2 species 1108:1114 different Treponema, Atopobium, and Prevotella species 1061:1114 species 1108:1114 In addition, caries and healthy subjects carried different Treponema, Atopobium, and Prevotella species. 28932895 2 39 theme cariogenic 226:235 arg1 plaques 258:264 cariogenic supragingival dental plaques 226:264 cariogenic supragingival dental plaques forming on saliva-coated tooth surfaces 226:304 It is initiated by cariogenic supragingival dental plaques forming on saliva-coated tooth surfaces, yet the etiology remains elusive. 28932895 0 40 theme Functional 14:23 arg1 Analyses 25:32 Taxonomic and Functional Analyses 0:32 Taxonomic and Functional Analyses of the Supragingival Microbiome from Caries-Affected and Caries-Free Hosts. 0:108 Taxonomic and Functional Analyses of the Supragingival Microbiome from Caries-Affected and Caries-Free Hosts. 28932895 8 41 theme plaque 1521:1526 arg1 ecology 1528:1534 dental plaque ecology 1514:1534 dental plaque ecology 1514:1534 Our results suggested that the fundamental differences in dental plaque ecology partially explained the patients' susceptibility to caries, and could be used for caries risk prediction in the future. 28932895 3 42 theme supragingival 511:523 arg1 collected 539:547 supragingival dental plaque collected 511:547 supragingival dental plaque collected from the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults 511:608 To determine which microbial populations may predispose a patient to caries, we report here an in-depth and comprehensive view of the microbial community associated with supragingival dental plaque collected from the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults. 28932895 1 43 theme ages 201:204 arg1 humans 187:192 humans 187:192 humans of all ages 187:204 Caries is one of the most prevalent and costly infectious diseases affecting humans of all ages. 28932895 7 44 theme glycan 1205:1210 arg1 biosynthesis 1212:1223 glycan biosynthesis 1205:1223 glycan biosynthesis 1205:1223 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 7 45 theme lipid 1356:1360 arg1 metabolism 1362:1371 lipid metabolism 1356:1371 lipid metabolism 1356:1371 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 8 46 theme dental 1514:1519 arg1 ecology 1528:1534 dental plaque ecology 1514:1534 dental plaque ecology 1514:1534 Our results suggested that the fundamental differences in dental plaque ecology partially explained the patients' susceptibility to caries, and could be used for caries risk prediction in the future. 28932895 3 47 theme adults 603:608 arg1 teeth 566:570 the healthy teeth 554:570 the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults 554:608 To determine which microbial populations may predispose a patient to caries, we report here an in-depth and comprehensive view of the microbial community associated with supragingival dental plaque collected from the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults. 28932895 6 48 theme Prevotella 1097:1106 arg1 species 1108:1114 different Treponema, Atopobium, and Prevotella species 1061:1114 species 1108:1114 In addition, caries and healthy subjects carried different Treponema, Atopobium, and Prevotella species. 28932895 4 49 theme inter-individual 694:709 arg1 variations 711:720 inter-individual variations 694:720 inter-individual variations 694:720 We found that microbial communities from caries patients had a higher evenness and inter-individual variations but simpler ecological networks compared to healthy controls despite the overall taxonomic structure being similar. 28932895 7 50 theme organic 1181:1187 arg1 synthesis 1194:1202 organic acid synthesis 1181:1202 organic acid synthesis 1181:1202 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 8 51 used used 1609:1612 arg2 differences 1499:1509 the fundamental differences 1483:1509 the fundamental differences in dental plaque ecology 1483:1534 Our results suggested that the fundamental differences in dental plaque ecology partially explained the patients' susceptibility to caries, and could be used for caries risk prediction in the future. 28932895 7 52 theme caries 1441:1446 arg1 groups 1448:1453 the healthy and caries groups 1425:1453 groups 1448:1453 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 3 53 theme comprehensive 449:461 arg1 view 463:466 an in-depth and comprehensive view 433:466 an in-depth and comprehensive view of the microbial community associated with supragingival dental plaque collected from the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults 433:608 To determine which microbial populations may predispose a patient to caries, we report here an in-depth and comprehensive view of the microbial community associated with supragingival dental plaque collected from the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults. 28932895 0 54 theme Microbiome 55:64 arg1 Analyses 25:32 Taxonomic and Functional Analyses 0:32 Taxonomic and Functional Analyses of the Supragingival Microbiome from Caries-Affected and Caries-Free Hosts. 0:108 Taxonomic and Functional Analyses of the Supragingival Microbiome from Caries-Affected and Caries-Free Hosts. 28932895 7 55 theme acid 1266:1269 arg1 synthesis 1271:1279 amino acid synthesis 1260:1279 amino acid synthesis 1260:1279 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 7 56 located present 1406:1412 arg2 populations 1136:1146 distinct populations 1127:1146 distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis 1127:1399 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 7 56 located present 1406:1412 arg1 each 1417:1420 each 1417:1420 each 1417:1420 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 7 56 located present 1406:1412 arg1 groups 1448:1453 the healthy and caries groups 1425:1453 groups 1448:1453 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 3 57 theme community 485:493 arg1 view 463:466 an in-depth and comprehensive view 433:466 an in-depth and comprehensive view of the microbial community associated with supragingival dental plaque collected from the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults 433:608 To determine which microbial populations may predispose a patient to caries, we report here an in-depth and comprehensive view of the microbial community associated with supragingival dental plaque collected from the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults. 28932895 0 58 theme Supragingival 41:53 arg1 Microbiome 55:64 the Supragingival Microbiome 37:64 the Supragingival Microbiome 37:64 Taxonomic and Functional Analyses of the Supragingival Microbiome from Caries-Affected and Caries-Free Hosts. 28932895 7 59 theme amino 1260:1264 arg1 synthesis 1271:1279 amino acid synthesis 1260:1279 amino acid synthesis 1260:1279 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 8 60 theme risk 1625:1628 arg1 prediction 1630:1639 caries risk prediction 1618:1639 caries risk prediction in the future 1618:1653 Our results suggested that the fundamental differences in dental plaque ecology partially explained the patients' susceptibility to caries, and could be used for caries risk prediction in the future. 28932895 3 61 theme healthy 595:601 arg1 adults 603:608 healthy adults 595:608 healthy adults 595:608 To determine which microbial populations may predispose a patient to caries, we report here an in-depth and comprehensive view of the microbial community associated with supragingival dental plaque collected from the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults. 28932895 7 62 theme complex 1226:1232 arg1 degradation 1247:1257 complex carbohydrate degradation 1226:1257 complex carbohydrate degradation 1226:1257 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 4 63 theme simpler 726:732 arg1 networks 745:752 simpler ecological networks 726:752 simpler ecological networks 726:752 We found that microbial communities from caries patients had a higher evenness and inter-individual variations but simpler ecological networks compared to healthy controls despite the overall taxonomic structure being similar. 28932895 3 64 from teeth 566:570 arg1 collected 539:547 supragingival dental plaque collected 511:547 supragingival dental plaque collected from the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults 511:608 To determine which microbial populations may predispose a patient to caries, we report here an in-depth and comprehensive view of the microbial community associated with supragingival dental plaque collected from the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults. 28932895 7 65 attach present 1406:1412 arg2 populations 1136:1146 distinct populations 1127:1146 distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis 1127:1399 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 7 65 attach present 1406:1412 arg1 each 1417:1420 each 1417:1420 each 1417:1420 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 7 65 attach present 1406:1412 arg1 groups 1448:1453 the healthy and caries groups 1425:1453 groups 1448:1453 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 8 66 theme fundamental 1487:1497 arg1 differences 1499:1509 the fundamental differences 1483:1509 the fundamental differences in dental plaque ecology 1483:1534 Our results suggested that the fundamental differences in dental plaque ecology partially explained the patients' susceptibility to caries, and could be used for caries risk prediction in the future. 28932895 7 67 theme isoprenoid 1331:1340 arg1 biosynthesis 1342:1353 isoprenoid biosynthesis 1331:1353 isoprenoid biosynthesis 1331:1353 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 4 68 contain had 668:670 arg2 evenness 681:688 a higher evenness 672:688 a higher evenness 672:688 We found that microbial communities from caries patients had a higher evenness and inter-individual variations but simpler ecological networks compared to healthy controls despite the overall taxonomic structure being similar. 28932895 4 68 contain had 668:670 arg1 communities 635:645 microbial communities 625:645 microbial communities from caries patients 625:666 We found that microbial communities from caries patients had a higher evenness and inter-individual variations but simpler ecological networks compared to healthy controls despite the overall taxonomic structure being similar. 28932895 4 68 contain had 668:670 arg2 networks 745:752 simpler ecological networks 726:752 simpler ecological networks 726:752 We found that microbial communities from caries patients had a higher evenness and inter-individual variations but simpler ecological networks compared to healthy controls despite the overall taxonomic structure being similar. 28932895 4 68 contain had 668:670 arg2 variations 711:720 inter-individual variations 694:720 inter-individual variations 694:720 We found that microbial communities from caries patients had a higher evenness and inter-individual variations but simpler ecological networks compared to healthy controls despite the overall taxonomic structure being similar. 28932895 7 69 theme healthy 1429:1435 arg1 groups 1448:1453 the healthy and caries groups 1425:1453 groups 1448:1453 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 3 70 theme microbial 475:483 arg1 community 485:493 the microbial community 471:493 the microbial community associated with supragingival dental plaque collected from the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults 471:608 To determine which microbial populations may predispose a patient to caries, we report here an in-depth and comprehensive view of the microbial community associated with supragingival dental plaque collected from the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults. 28932895 0 71 theme Caries-Affected 71:85 arg1 Hosts 103:107 Caries-Affected and Caries-Free Hosts 71:107 Caries-Affected and Caries-Free Hosts 71:107 Taxonomic and Functional Analyses of the Supragingival Microbiome from Caries-Affected and Caries-Free Hosts. 28932895 0 72 from Hosts 103:107 arg1 Analyses 25:32 Taxonomic and Functional Analyses 0:32 Taxonomic and Functional Analyses of the Supragingival Microbiome from Caries-Affected and Caries-Free Hosts. 0:108 Taxonomic and Functional Analyses of the Supragingival Microbiome from Caries-Affected and Caries-Free Hosts. 28932895 2 73 theme dental 251:256 arg1 plaques 258:264 cariogenic supragingival dental plaques 226:264 cariogenic supragingival dental plaques forming on saliva-coated tooth surfaces 226:304 It is initiated by cariogenic supragingival dental plaques forming on saliva-coated tooth surfaces, yet the etiology remains elusive. 28932895 1 74 theme prevalent 136:144 arg1 diseases 168:175 the most prevalent and costly infectious diseases 127:175 the most prevalent and costly infectious diseases affecting humans of all ages 127:204 Caries is one of the most prevalent and costly infectious diseases affecting humans of all ages. 28932895 4 75 theme microbial 625:633 arg1 communities 635:645 microbial communities 625:645 microbial communities from caries patients 625:666 We found that microbial communities from caries patients had a higher evenness and inter-individual variations but simpler ecological networks compared to healthy controls despite the overall taxonomic structure being similar. 28932895 7 76 theme purine 1297:1302 arg1 metabolism 1319:1328 purine and pyrimidine metabolism 1297:1328 metabolism 1319:1328 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 2 77 theme supragingival 237:249 arg1 plaques 258:264 cariogenic supragingival dental plaques 226:264 cariogenic supragingival dental plaques forming on saliva-coated tooth surfaces 226:304 It is initiated by cariogenic supragingival dental plaques forming on saliva-coated tooth surfaces, yet the etiology remains elusive. 28932895 7 78 from present 1406:1412 arg1 each 1417:1420 each 1417:1420 each 1417:1420 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 7 78 from present 1406:1412 arg1 groups 1448:1453 the healthy and caries groups 1425:1453 groups 1448:1453 Moreover, distinct populations of 13 function genes involved in organic acid synthesis, glycan biosynthesis, complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, isoprenoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and co-factor biosynthesis were present in each of the healthy and caries groups. 28932895 3 79 theme plaque 532:537 arg1 collected 539:547 supragingival dental plaque collected 511:547 supragingival dental plaque collected from the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults 511:608 To determine which microbial populations may predispose a patient to caries, we report here an in-depth and comprehensive view of the microbial community associated with supragingival dental plaque collected from the healthy teeth of caries patients and healthy adults. 25575209 0 0 theme water 84:88 arg1 pretreatment 90:101 hot water pretreatment 80:101 hot water pretreatment 80:101 Enhanced hydrolysis of Macrocystis pyrifera by integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment. 25575209 6 1 theme hydroxyl 1005:1012 arg1 radicals 1014:1021 the new economic hydroxyl radicals 988:1021 the new economic hydroxyl radicals 988:1021 Carbohydrate recovery and enzymatic hydrolysis can be significantly enhanced by the new economic hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment. 25575209 4 2 theme IHRHW-treated 654:666 arg1 digestibility 679:691 The IHRHW-treated macroalgae digestibility 650:691 The IHRHW-treated macroalgae digestibility 650:691 The IHRHW-treated macroalgae digestibility reached 88.1% under the optimum experimental condition, whereas that under the predicted optimum condition reached 92.1%. 25575209 6 3 theme new 992:994 arg1 radicals 1014:1021 the new economic hydroxyl radicals 988:1021 the new economic hydroxyl radicals 988:1021 Carbohydrate recovery and enzymatic hydrolysis can be significantly enhanced by the new economic hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment. 25575209 0 4 theme hot 80:82 arg1 pretreatment 90:101 hot water pretreatment 80:101 hot water pretreatment 80:101 Enhanced hydrolysis of Macrocystis pyrifera by integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment. 25575209 3 5 dep furfural 626:633 arg1 e.g. 606:609 e.g. 606:609 e.g. 606:609 All glucan and xylan were recovered as monosaccharides or polysaccharides without a fermentation inhibitor (e.g., hydroxymethyl furfural and furfural). 25575209 2 6 theme composite 473:481 arg1 method 490:495 a central composite design method 463:495 a central composite design method 463:495 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) and the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) were identified using a central composite design method. 25575209 2 7 theme optimum 280:286 arg1 condition 314:322 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition 276:322 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) 276:353 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) and the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) were identified using a central composite design method. 25575209 2 8 theme central 465:471 arg1 method 490:495 a central composite design method 463:495 a central composite design method 463:495 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) and the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) were identified using a central composite design method. 25575209 4 9 theme experimental 725:736 arg1 condition 738:746 the optimum experimental condition 713:746 the optimum experimental condition 713:746 The IHRHW-treated macroalgae digestibility reached 88.1% under the optimum experimental condition, whereas that under the predicted optimum condition reached 92.1%. 25575209 2 10 theme 12.75 425:429 arg1 mM 431:432 mM 431:432 mM 431:432 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) and the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) were identified using a central composite design method. 25575209 4 11 theme optimum 717:723 arg1 condition 738:746 the optimum experimental condition 713:746 the optimum experimental condition 713:746 The IHRHW-treated macroalgae digestibility reached 88.1% under the optimum experimental condition, whereas that under the predicted optimum condition reached 92.1%. 25575209 0 12 theme Enhanced 0:7 arg1 hydrolysis 9:18 Enhanced hydrolysis 0:18 Enhanced hydrolysis of Macrocystis pyrifera by integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment. 0:102 Enhanced hydrolysis of Macrocystis pyrifera by integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment. 25575209 2 13 theme pretreatment 301:312 arg1 condition 314:322 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition 276:322 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) 276:353 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) and the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) were identified using a central composite design method. 25575209 0 14 theme Macrocystis 23:33 arg1 pyrifera 35:42 Macrocystis pyrifera 23:42 Macrocystis pyrifera 23:42 Enhanced hydrolysis of Macrocystis pyrifera by integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment. 25575209 1 15 theme Integrated 104:113 arg1 radicals 124:131 Integrated hydroxyl radicals 104:131 Integrated hydroxyl radicals 104:131 Integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment (IHRHW) was employed in the bioconversion of the brown macroalgae Macrocystis pyrifera (M. pyrifera) in this study. 25575209 1 16 theme hydroxyl 115:122 arg1 radicals 124:131 Integrated hydroxyl radicals 104:131 Integrated hydroxyl radicals 104:131 Integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment (IHRHW) was employed in the bioconversion of the brown macroalgae Macrocystis pyrifera (M. pyrifera) in this study. 25575209 2 17 theme pretreatment 381:392 arg1 condition 394:402 the predicted optimum pretreatment condition 359:402 the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) 359:439 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) and the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) were identified using a central composite design method. 25575209 2 18 theme mM 431:432 arg1 FeSO4 434:438 12.75 mM FeSO4 425:438 12.75 mM FeSO4 425:438 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) and the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) were identified using a central composite design method. 25575209 2 18 theme mM 431:432 arg1 113.95°C 405:412 113.95°C 405:412 113.95°C 405:412 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) and the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) were identified using a central composite design method. 25575209 5 19 theme M. 895:896 arg1 pyrifera 898:905 untreated M. pyrifera 885:905 untreated M. pyrifera 885:905 The value was approximately threefold higher than those obtained with untreated M. pyrifera. 25575209 6 20 theme water 1031:1035 arg1 pretreatment 1037:1048 hot water pretreatment 1027:1048 hot water pretreatment 1027:1048 Carbohydrate recovery and enzymatic hydrolysis can be significantly enhanced by the new economic hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment. 25575209 2 21 theme optimum 373:379 arg1 condition 394:402 the predicted optimum pretreatment condition 359:402 the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) 359:439 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) and the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) were identified using a central composite design method. 25575209 0 22 theme pyrifera 35:42 arg1 hydrolysis 9:18 Enhanced hydrolysis 0:18 Enhanced hydrolysis of Macrocystis pyrifera by integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment. 0:102 Enhanced hydrolysis of Macrocystis pyrifera by integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment. 25575209 6 23 theme enzymatic 934:942 arg1 hydrolysis 944:953 enzymatic hydrolysis 934:953 enzymatic hydrolysis 934:953 Carbohydrate recovery and enzymatic hydrolysis can be significantly enhanced by the new economic hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment. 25575209 2 24 theme design 483:488 arg1 method 490:495 a central composite design method 463:495 a central composite design method 463:495 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) and the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) were identified using a central composite design method. 25575209 1 25 dep macroalgae 215:224 arg1 Macrocystis 226:236 Macrocystis 226:236 Macrocystis 226:236 Integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment (IHRHW) was employed in the bioconversion of the brown macroalgae Macrocystis pyrifera (M. pyrifera) in this study. 25575209 4 26 theme optimum 782:788 arg1 condition 790:798 the predicted optimum condition 768:798 the predicted optimum condition 768:798 The IHRHW-treated macroalgae digestibility reached 88.1% under the optimum experimental condition, whereas that under the predicted optimum condition reached 92.1%. 25575209 1 27 theme brown 209:213 arg1 pyrifera 238:245 the brown macroalgae Macrocystis pyrifera 205:245 the brown macroalgae Macrocystis pyrifera (M. pyrifera) 205:259 Integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment (IHRHW) was employed in the bioconversion of the brown macroalgae Macrocystis pyrifera (M. pyrifera) in this study. 25575209 1 27 theme brown 209:213 arg1 pyrifera 251:258 pyrifera 251:258 pyrifera 251:258 Integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment (IHRHW) was employed in the bioconversion of the brown macroalgae Macrocystis pyrifera (M. pyrifera) in this study. 25575209 0 28 theme hydroxyl 58:65 arg1 radicals 67:74 integrated hydroxyl radicals 47:74 integrated hydroxyl radicals 47:74 Enhanced hydrolysis of Macrocystis pyrifera by integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment. 25575209 6 29 theme hot 1027:1029 arg1 pretreatment 1037:1048 hot water pretreatment 1027:1048 hot water pretreatment 1027:1048 Carbohydrate recovery and enzymatic hydrolysis can be significantly enhanced by the new economic hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment. 25575209 2 30 dep condition 394:402 arg1 FeSO4 434:438 12.75 mM FeSO4 425:438 12.75 mM FeSO4 425:438 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) and the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) were identified using a central composite design method. 25575209 2 30 dep condition 394:402 arg1 113.95°C 405:412 113.95°C 405:412 113.95°C 405:412 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) and the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) were identified using a central composite design method. 25575209 2 30 dep condition 394:402 arg1 min 420:422 29.1 min 415:422 29.1 min 415:422 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) and the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) were identified using a central composite design method. 25575209 5 31 theme untreated 885:893 arg1 pyrifera 898:905 untreated M. pyrifera 885:905 untreated M. pyrifera 885:905 The value was approximately threefold higher than those obtained with untreated M. pyrifera. 25575209 0 32 theme integrated 47:56 arg1 radicals 67:74 integrated hydroxyl radicals 47:74 integrated hydroxyl radicals 47:74 Enhanced hydrolysis of Macrocystis pyrifera by integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment. 25575209 1 33 from bioconversion 188:200 arg1 study 269:273 this study 264:273 this study 264:273 Integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment (IHRHW) was employed in the bioconversion of the brown macroalgae Macrocystis pyrifera (M. pyrifera) in this study. 25575209 4 34 theme macroalgae 668:677 arg1 digestibility 679:691 The IHRHW-treated macroalgae digestibility 650:691 The IHRHW-treated macroalgae digestibility 650:691 The IHRHW-treated macroalgae digestibility reached 88.1% under the optimum experimental condition, whereas that under the predicted optimum condition reached 92.1%. 25575209 6 35 theme Carbohydrate 908:919 arg1 recovery 921:928 Carbohydrate recovery 908:928 Carbohydrate recovery 908:928 Carbohydrate recovery and enzymatic hydrolysis can be significantly enhanced by the new economic hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment. 25575209 1 36 theme hot 137:139 arg1 IHRHW 161:165 IHRHW 161:165 IHRHW 161:165 Integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment (IHRHW) was employed in the bioconversion of the brown macroalgae Macrocystis pyrifera (M. pyrifera) in this study. 25575209 1 36 theme hot 137:139 arg1 pretreatment 147:158 hot water pretreatment 137:158 hot water pretreatment (IHRHW) 137:166 Integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment (IHRHW) was employed in the bioconversion of the brown macroalgae Macrocystis pyrifera (M. pyrifera) in this study. 25575209 2 37 theme experimental 288:299 arg1 condition 314:322 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition 276:322 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) 276:353 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) and the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) were identified using a central composite design method. 25575209 1 38 theme macroalgae 215:224 arg1 pyrifera 238:245 the brown macroalgae Macrocystis pyrifera 205:245 the brown macroalgae Macrocystis pyrifera (M. pyrifera) 205:259 Integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment (IHRHW) was employed in the bioconversion of the brown macroalgae Macrocystis pyrifera (M. pyrifera) in this study. 25575209 1 38 theme macroalgae 215:224 arg1 pyrifera 251:258 pyrifera 251:258 pyrifera 251:258 Integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment (IHRHW) was employed in the bioconversion of the brown macroalgae Macrocystis pyrifera (M. pyrifera) in this study. 25575209 3 39 theme hydroxymethyl 612:624 arg1 furfural 626:633 hydroxymethyl furfural 612:633 hydroxymethyl furfural 612:633 All glucan and xylan were recovered as monosaccharides or polysaccharides without a fermentation inhibitor (e.g., hydroxymethyl furfural and furfural). 25575209 3 40 theme fermentation 582:593 arg1 inhibitor 595:603 a fermentation inhibitor 580:603 a fermentation inhibitor (e.g., hydroxymethyl furfural and furfural) 580:647 All glucan and xylan were recovered as monosaccharides or polysaccharides without a fermentation inhibitor (e.g., hydroxymethyl furfural and furfural). 25575209 1 41 theme water 141:145 arg1 IHRHW 161:165 IHRHW 161:165 IHRHW 161:165 Integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment (IHRHW) was employed in the bioconversion of the brown macroalgae Macrocystis pyrifera (M. pyrifera) in this study. 25575209 1 41 theme water 141:145 arg1 pretreatment 147:158 hot water pretreatment 137:158 hot water pretreatment (IHRHW) 137:166 Integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment (IHRHW) was employed in the bioconversion of the brown macroalgae Macrocystis pyrifera (M. pyrifera) in this study. 25575209 2 42 dep condition 314:322 arg1 FeSO4 348:352 11.9 mM FeSO4 340:352 11.9 mM FeSO4 340:352 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) and the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) were identified using a central composite design method. 25575209 2 42 dep condition 314:322 arg1 100°C 325:329 100°C 325:329 100°C 325:329 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) and the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) were identified using a central composite design method. 25575209 2 42 dep condition 314:322 arg1 min 335:337 30 min 332:337 30 min 332:337 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) and the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) were identified using a central composite design method. 25575209 2 43 theme predicted 363:371 arg1 condition 394:402 the predicted optimum pretreatment condition 359:402 the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) 359:439 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) and the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) were identified using a central composite design method. 25575209 4 44 theme predicted 772:780 arg1 condition 790:798 the predicted optimum condition 768:798 the predicted optimum condition 768:798 The IHRHW-treated macroalgae digestibility reached 88.1% under the optimum experimental condition, whereas that under the predicted optimum condition reached 92.1%. 25575209 2 45 theme mM 345:346 arg1 FeSO4 348:352 11.9 mM FeSO4 340:352 11.9 mM FeSO4 340:352 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) and the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) were identified using a central composite design method. 25575209 2 45 theme mM 345:346 arg1 100°C 325:329 100°C 325:329 100°C 325:329 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) and the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) were identified using a central composite design method. 25575209 1 46 theme pyrifera 238:245 arg1 bioconversion 188:200 the bioconversion 184:200 the bioconversion of the brown macroalgae Macrocystis pyrifera (M. pyrifera) in this study 184:273 Integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment (IHRHW) was employed in the bioconversion of the brown macroalgae Macrocystis pyrifera (M. pyrifera) in this study. 25575209 2 47 theme 11.9 340:343 arg1 mM 345:346 mM 345:346 mM 345:346 The optimum experimental pretreatment condition (100°C, 30 min, 11.9 mM FeSO4) and the predicted optimum pretreatment condition (113.95°C, 29.1 min, 12.75 mM FeSO4) were identified using a central composite design method. 25575209 6 48 theme economic 996:1003 arg1 radicals 1014:1021 the new economic hydroxyl radicals 988:1021 the new economic hydroxyl radicals 988:1021 Carbohydrate recovery and enzymatic hydrolysis can be significantly enhanced by the new economic hydroxyl radicals and hot water pretreatment. 24915086 0 0 theme family 92:97 arg1 CBM46 131:135 CBM46 131:135 CBM46 131:135 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 0 0 theme family 92:97 arg1 module 123:128 the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module 88:128 the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans 88:194 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 0 1 from purification 16:27 arg1 halodurans 185:194 Bacillus halodurans 176:194 Bacillus halodurans 176:194 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 5 2 theme CBM 690:692 arg1 family 694:699 CBM family 46 690:702 CBM family 46 690:702 CBM family 46 contains more than 40 different members, but has yet to be fully characterized. 24915086 6 3 theme endo-β-1,4-glucanase 887:906 arg1 B 908:908 endo-β-1,4-glucanase B 887:908 Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) 867:915 Here, a recombinant derivative of the C-terminal family 46 CBM module (BhCBM46) of Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography. 24915086 2 4 theme carbohydrate-active 374:392 arg1 CAZymes 403:409 CAZymes 403:409 CAZymes 403:409 Aerobic microorganisms secrete carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) that catabolize this composite structure, comprising cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, into simple compounds such as glucose. 24915086 2 4 theme carbohydrate-active 374:392 arg1 enzymes 394:400 carbohydrate-active enzymes 374:400 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) that catabolize this composite structure, comprising cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, into simple compounds such as glucose 374:538 Aerobic microorganisms secrete carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) that catabolize this composite structure, comprising cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, into simple compounds such as glucose. 24915086 2 5 theme simple 507:512 arg1 compounds 514:522 simple compounds 507:522 simple compounds such as glucose 507:538 Aerobic microorganisms secrete carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) that catabolize this composite structure, comprising cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, into simple compounds such as glucose. 24915086 2 5 theme simple 507:512 arg1 glucose 532:538 glucose 532:538 glucose 532:538 Aerobic microorganisms secrete carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) that catabolize this composite structure, comprising cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, into simple compounds such as glucose. 24915086 9 6 theme native 1221:1226 arg1 form 1228:1231 the native form 1217:1231 the native form 1217:1231 Data were collected for the native form and a selenomethionine derivative to 2.46 and 2.3 Å resolution, respectively. 24915086 0 7 theme carbohydrate-binding 102:121 arg1 CBM46 131:135 CBM46 131:135 CBM46 131:135 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 0 7 theme carbohydrate-binding 102:121 arg1 module 123:128 the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module 88:128 the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans 88:194 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 0 8 from Overproduction 0:13 arg1 halodurans 185:194 Bacillus halodurans 176:194 Bacillus halodurans 176:194 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 6 9 theme family 833:838 arg1 BhCBM46 855:861 BhCBM46 855:861 BhCBM46 855:861 Here, a recombinant derivative of the C-terminal family 46 CBM module (BhCBM46) of Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography. 24915086 6 9 theme family 833:838 arg1 module 847:852 the C-terminal family 46 CBM module 818:852 the C-terminal family 46 CBM module (BhCBM46) of Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) 818:915 Here, a recombinant derivative of the C-terminal family 46 CBM module (BhCBM46) of Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography. 24915086 1 10 theme many 273:276 arg1 microorganisms 278:291 many microorganisms 273:291 many microorganisms 273:291 Plant cell-wall polysaccharides offer an abundant energy source utilized by many microorganisms, thus playing a central role in carbon recycling. 24915086 6 11 theme metal-ion 983:991 arg1 chromatography 1002:1015 immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography 971:1015 immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography 971:1015 Here, a recombinant derivative of the C-terminal family 46 CBM module (BhCBM46) of Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography. 24915086 6 12 theme C-terminal 822:831 arg1 BhCBM46 855:861 BhCBM46 855:861 BhCBM46 855:861 Here, a recombinant derivative of the C-terminal family 46 CBM module (BhCBM46) of Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography. 24915086 6 12 theme C-terminal 822:831 arg1 module 847:852 the C-terminal family 46 CBM module 818:852 the C-terminal family 46 CBM module (BhCBM46) of Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) 818:915 Here, a recombinant derivative of the C-terminal family 46 CBM module (BhCBM46) of Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography. 24915086 0 13 theme module 123:128 arg1 purification 16:27 purification 16:27 purification 16:27 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 0 13 theme module 123:128 arg1 Overproduction 0:13 Overproduction 0:13 Overproduction 0:13 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 0 13 theme module 123:128 arg1 characterization 68:83 preliminary X-ray characterization 50:83 preliminary X-ray characterization 50:83 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 0 13 theme module 123:128 arg1 crystallization 30:44 crystallization 30:44 crystallization 30:44 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 9 14 theme selenomethionine 1239:1254 arg1 derivative 1256:1265 a selenomethionine derivative 1237:1265 a selenomethionine derivative to 2.46 and 2.3 Å resolution 1237:1294 Data were collected for the native form and a selenomethionine derivative to 2.46 and 2.3 Å resolution, respectively. 24915086 0 15 from crystallization 30:44 arg1 halodurans 185:194 Bacillus halodurans 176:194 Bacillus halodurans 176:194 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 7 16 theme different 1101:1109 arg1 conditions 1111:1120 different conditions 1101:1120 different conditions 1101:1120 Preliminary structural characterization was carried out on BhCBM46 crystallized in different conditions. 24915086 6 17 theme affinity 993:1000 arg1 chromatography 1002:1015 immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography 971:1015 immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography 971:1015 Here, a recombinant derivative of the C-terminal family 46 CBM module (BhCBM46) of Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography. 24915086 6 18 theme recombinant 792:802 arg1 derivative 804:813 a recombinant derivative 790:813 a recombinant derivative of the C-terminal family 46 CBM module (BhCBM46) of Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) 790:915 Here, a recombinant derivative of the C-terminal family 46 CBM module (BhCBM46) of Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography. 24915086 3 19 theme associated 601:610 arg1 CAZYmes 612:618 associated CAZYmes 601:618 associated CAZYmes 601:618 Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) enhance the efficacy of associated CAZYmes. 24915086 10 20 theme dispersion 1381:1390 arg1 experiment 1392:1401 a single-wavelength anomalous dispersion experiment 1351:1401 a single-wavelength anomalous dispersion experiment using AutoSol from the PHENIX suite 1351:1437 The BhCBM46 structure was determined by a single-wavelength anomalous dispersion experiment using AutoSol from the PHENIX suite. 24915086 0 21 from halodurans 185:194 arg1 Overproduction 0:13 Overproduction 0:13 Overproduction 0:13 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 0 21 from halodurans 185:194 arg1 module 123:128 the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module 88:128 the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans 88:194 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 0 21 from halodurans 185:194 arg1 purification 16:27 purification 16:27 purification 16:27 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 0 21 from halodurans 185:194 arg1 characterization 68:83 preliminary X-ray characterization 50:83 preliminary X-ray characterization 50:83 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 0 21 from halodurans 185:194 arg1 CBM46 131:135 CBM46 131:135 CBM46 131:135 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 0 21 from halodurans 185:194 arg1 crystallization 30:44 crystallization 30:44 crystallization 30:44 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 10 22 theme anomalous 1371:1379 arg1 experiment 1392:1401 a single-wavelength anomalous dispersion experiment 1351:1401 a single-wavelength anomalous dispersion experiment using AutoSol from the PHENIX suite 1351:1437 The BhCBM46 structure was determined by a single-wavelength anomalous dispersion experiment using AutoSol from the PHENIX suite. 24915086 1 23 theme Plant 197:201 arg1 polysaccharides 213:227 Plant cell-wall polysaccharides 197:227 Plant cell-wall polysaccharides 197:227 Plant cell-wall polysaccharides offer an abundant energy source utilized by many microorganisms, thus playing a central role in carbon recycling. 24915086 7 24 theme structural 1030:1039 arg1 characterization 1041:1056 Preliminary structural characterization 1018:1056 Preliminary structural characterization 1018:1056 Preliminary structural characterization was carried out on BhCBM46 crystallized in different conditions. 24915086 6 25 theme immobilized 971:981 arg1 chromatography 1002:1015 immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography 971:1015 immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography 971:1015 Here, a recombinant derivative of the C-terminal family 46 CBM module (BhCBM46) of Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography. 24915086 6 26 theme halodurans 876:885 arg1 BhCBM46 855:861 BhCBM46 855:861 BhCBM46 855:861 Here, a recombinant derivative of the C-terminal family 46 CBM module (BhCBM46) of Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography. 24915086 6 26 theme halodurans 876:885 arg1 module 847:852 the C-terminal family 46 CBM module 818:852 the C-terminal family 46 CBM module (BhCBM46) of Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) 818:915 Here, a recombinant derivative of the C-terminal family 46 CBM module (BhCBM46) of Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography. 24915086 10 27 theme single-wavelength 1353:1369 arg1 experiment 1392:1401 a single-wavelength anomalous dispersion experiment 1351:1401 a single-wavelength anomalous dispersion experiment using AutoSol from the PHENIX suite 1351:1437 The BhCBM46 structure was determined by a single-wavelength anomalous dispersion experiment using AutoSol from the PHENIX suite. 24915086 1 28 theme cell-wall 203:211 arg1 polysaccharides 213:227 Plant cell-wall polysaccharides 197:227 Plant cell-wall polysaccharides 197:227 Plant cell-wall polysaccharides offer an abundant energy source utilized by many microorganisms, thus playing a central role in carbon recycling. 24915086 0 29 theme endo-β-1,4-glucanase 141:160 arg1 CelB 165:168 CelB 165:168 CelB 165:168 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 0 29 theme endo-β-1,4-glucanase 141:160 arg1 B 162:162 endo-β-1,4-glucanase B 141:162 endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) 141:169 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 2 30 theme composite 433:441 arg1 structure 443:451 this composite structure 428:451 this composite structure 428:451 Aerobic microorganisms secrete carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) that catabolize this composite structure, comprising cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, into simple compounds such as glucose. 24915086 1 31 theme central 309:315 arg1 role 317:320 a central role 307:320 a central role 307:320 Plant cell-wall polysaccharides offer an abundant energy source utilized by many microorganisms, thus playing a central role in carbon recycling. 24915086 8 32 theme BhCBM46 1139:1145 arg1 crystals 1127:1134 The crystals 1123:1134 The crystals of BhCBM46 1123:1145 The crystals of BhCBM46 belonged to the tetragonal space group I4₁22. 24915086 0 33 theme X-ray 62:66 arg1 characterization 68:83 preliminary X-ray characterization 50:83 preliminary X-ray characterization 50:83 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 0 34 from characterization 68:83 arg1 halodurans 185:194 Bacillus halodurans 176:194 Bacillus halodurans 176:194 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 3 35 theme CAZYmes 612:618 arg1 efficacy 589:596 the efficacy 585:596 the efficacy of associated CAZYmes 585:618 Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) enhance the efficacy of associated CAZYmes. 24915086 0 36 theme preliminary 50:60 arg1 characterization 68:83 preliminary X-ray characterization 50:83 preliminary X-ray characterization 50:83 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 6 37 dep halodurans 876:885 arg1 B 908:908 endo-β-1,4-glucanase B 887:908 Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) 867:915 Here, a recombinant derivative of the C-terminal family 46 CBM module (BhCBM46) of Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography. 24915086 0 38 theme B 162:162 arg1 CBM46 131:135 CBM46 131:135 CBM46 131:135 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 0 38 theme B 162:162 arg1 module 123:128 the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module 88:128 the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans 88:194 Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the family 46 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM46) of endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) from Bacillus halodurans. 24915086 2 39 theme Aerobic 343:349 arg1 microorganisms 351:364 Aerobic microorganisms 343:364 Aerobic microorganisms 343:364 Aerobic microorganisms secrete carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) that catabolize this composite structure, comprising cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, into simple compounds such as glucose. 24915086 1 40 theme carbon 325:330 arg1 recycling 332:340 carbon recycling 325:340 carbon recycling 325:340 Plant cell-wall polysaccharides offer an abundant energy source utilized by many microorganisms, thus playing a central role in carbon recycling. 24915086 8 41 theme space 1174:1178 arg1 I4₁22 1186:1190 the tetragonal space group I4₁22 1159:1190 the tetragonal space group I4₁22 1159:1190 The crystals of BhCBM46 belonged to the tetragonal space group I4₁22. 24915086 8 42 theme tetragonal 1163:1172 arg1 I4₁22 1186:1190 the tetragonal space group I4₁22 1159:1190 the tetragonal space group I4₁22 1159:1190 The crystals of BhCBM46 belonged to the tetragonal space group I4₁22. 24915086 5 43 contain contains 704:711 arg1 family 694:699 CBM family 46 690:702 CBM family 46 690:702 CBM family 46 contains more than 40 different members, but has yet to be fully characterized. 24915086 5 43 contain contains 704:711 arg2 members 736:742 more than 40 different members 713:742 more than 40 different members 713:742 CBM family 46 contains more than 40 different members, but has yet to be fully characterized. 24915086 5 44 theme different 726:734 arg1 members 736:742 more than 40 different members 713:742 more than 40 different members 713:742 CBM family 46 contains more than 40 different members, but has yet to be fully characterized. 24915086 6 45 theme module 847:852 arg1 derivative 804:813 a recombinant derivative 790:813 a recombinant derivative of the C-terminal family 46 CBM module (BhCBM46) of Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) 790:915 Here, a recombinant derivative of the C-terminal family 46 CBM module (BhCBM46) of Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography. 24915086 7 46 theme Preliminary 1018:1028 arg1 characterization 1041:1056 Preliminary structural characterization 1018:1056 Preliminary structural characterization 1018:1056 Preliminary structural characterization was carried out on BhCBM46 crystallized in different conditions. 24915086 1 47 theme abundant 238:245 arg1 source 254:259 an abundant energy source 235:259 an abundant energy source utilized by many microorganisms 235:291 Plant cell-wall polysaccharides offer an abundant energy source utilized by many microorganisms, thus playing a central role in carbon recycling. 24915086 6 48 theme CBM 843:845 arg1 BhCBM46 855:861 BhCBM46 855:861 BhCBM46 855:861 Here, a recombinant derivative of the C-terminal family 46 CBM module (BhCBM46) of Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography. 24915086 6 48 theme CBM 843:845 arg1 module 847:852 the C-terminal family 46 CBM module 818:852 the C-terminal family 46 CBM module (BhCBM46) of Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) 818:915 Here, a recombinant derivative of the C-terminal family 46 CBM module (BhCBM46) of Bacillus halodurans endo-β-1,4-glucanase B (CelB) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography. 24915086 4 49 theme primary-sequence 663:678 arg1 homology 680:687 primary-sequence homology 663:687 primary-sequence homology 663:687 They are organized into families based on primary-sequence homology. 24915086 3 50 theme Carbohydrate-binding 541:560 arg1 CBMs 571:574 CBMs 571:574 CBMs 571:574 Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) enhance the efficacy of associated CAZYmes. 24915086 3 50 theme Carbohydrate-binding 541:560 arg1 modules 562:568 Carbohydrate-binding modules 541:568 Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) 541:575 Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) enhance the efficacy of associated CAZYmes. 24915086 1 51 theme energy 247:252 arg1 source 254:259 an abundant energy source 235:259 an abundant energy source utilized by many microorganisms 235:291 Plant cell-wall polysaccharides offer an abundant energy source utilized by many microorganisms, thus playing a central role in carbon recycling. 24915086 8 52 theme group 1180:1184 arg1 I4₁22 1186:1190 the tetragonal space group I4₁22 1159:1190 the tetragonal space group I4₁22 1159:1190 The crystals of BhCBM46 belonged to the tetragonal space group I4₁22. 24915086 10 53 theme PHENIX 1426:1431 arg1 suite 1433:1437 the PHENIX suite 1422:1437 the PHENIX suite 1422:1437 The BhCBM46 structure was determined by a single-wavelength anomalous dispersion experiment using AutoSol from the PHENIX suite. 24915086 10 54 theme BhCBM46 1315:1321 arg1 structure 1323:1331 The BhCBM46 structure 1311:1331 The BhCBM46 structure 1311:1331 The BhCBM46 structure was determined by a single-wavelength anomalous dispersion experiment using AutoSol from the PHENIX suite. 28792629 9 0 theme esk1-mediated 1678:1690 arg1 responses 1692:1700 These esk1-mediated responses 1672:1700 These esk1-mediated responses 1672:1700 These esk1-mediated responses counterbalance the defective PTI and PcBMM susceptibility of agb1-2 plants, and explain the enhanced drought resistance of esk1 plants. 28792629 8 1 theme osmolites 1661:1669 arg1 accumulation 1582:1593 the accumulation 1578:1593 the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites 1578:1669 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 8 1 theme osmolites 1661:1669 arg1 expression 1449:1458 the constitutive expression 1432:1458 the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites 1432:1571 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 8 1 theme osmolites 1661:1669 arg1 accumulation 1401:1412 an enhanced accumulation 1389:1412 an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid 1389:1429 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 10 2 theme responses 1983:1991 arg1 activation 1933:1942 the activation 1929:1942 the activation of specific cell-wall-triggered immune responses 1929:1991 These results suggest that a deficient PTI-mediated resistance is partially compensated by the activation of specific cell-wall-triggered immune responses. 28792629 1 3 theme resistance 312:321 arg1 responses 323:331 disease resistance responses 304:331 disease resistance responses to different types of pathogens 304:363 Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein complex modulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance responses to different types of pathogens. 28792629 9 4 theme defective 1721:1729 arg1 PTI 1731:1733 defective PTI 1721:1733 defective PTI 1721:1733 These esk1-mediated responses counterbalance the defective PTI and PcBMM susceptibility of agb1-2 plants, and explain the enhanced drought resistance of esk1 plants. 28792629 2 5 contain have 471:474 arg1 mutants 419:425 mutants 419:425 mutants impaired in the Gβ- (agb1-2) or Gγ-subunits 419:469 It also plays a role in plant cell wall integrity as mutants impaired in the Gβ- (agb1-2) or Gγ-subunits have an altered wall composition compared with wild-type plants. 28792629 2 5 contain have 471:474 arg2 composition 492:502 an altered wall composition 476:502 an altered wall composition 476:502 It also plays a role in plant cell wall integrity as mutants impaired in the Gβ- (agb1-2) or Gγ-subunits have an altered wall composition compared with wild-type plants. 28792629 1 6 theme Arabidopsis 182:192 arg1 G-protein 209:217 Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein 182:217 Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein complex 182:225 Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein complex modulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance responses to different types of pathogens. 28792629 7 7 from re-activation 1250:1262 arg1 agb1-2 1294:1299 agb1-2 1294:1299 agb1-2 1294:1299 The enhanced resistance to PcBMM of the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant was not the result of the re-activation of deficient PTI responses in agb1-2. 28792629 1 8 theme G-protein 209:217 arg1 complex 219:225 Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein complex 182:225 Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein complex 182:225 Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein complex modulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance responses to different types of pathogens. 28792629 6 9 theme Hyaloperonospora 1124:1139 arg1 arabidopsidis 1141:1153 the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis 1111:1153 the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis 1111:1153 tomato DC3000 or to the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. 28792629 8 10 dep disease 1598:1604 arg1 metabolites 1635:1645 resistance-related secondary metabolites 1606:1645 resistance-related secondary metabolites 1606:1645 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 9 11 theme agb1-2 1763:1768 arg1 plants 1770:1775 agb1-2 plants 1763:1775 agb1-2 plants 1763:1775 These esk1-mediated responses counterbalance the defective PTI and PcBMM susceptibility of agb1-2 plants, and explain the enhanced drought resistance of esk1 plants. 28792629 5 12 theme bacterium 1056:1064 arg1 pv 1087:1088 the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv 1052:1088 the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv 1052:1088 Null alleles (sgb11/esk1-7) of ESK1 restore to wild-type levels the enhanced susceptibility of agb1-2 to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM), but not to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. 28792629 1 13 theme molecular 257:265 arg1 PTI 295:297 PTI 295:297 PTI 295:297 Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein complex modulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance responses to different types of pathogens. 28792629 1 13 theme molecular 257:265 arg1 immunity 285:292 pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity 237:292 pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) 237:298 Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein complex modulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance responses to different types of pathogens. 28792629 8 14 theme constitutive 1436:1447 arg1 expression 1449:1458 the constitutive expression 1432:1458 the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites 1432:1571 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 5 15 theme ESK1 902:905 arg1 sgb11/esk1-7 885:896 sgb11/esk1-7 885:896 sgb11/esk1-7 885:896 Null alleles (sgb11/esk1-7) of ESK1 restore to wild-type levels the enhanced susceptibility of agb1-2 to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM), but not to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. 28792629 5 15 theme ESK1 902:905 arg1 alleles 876:882 Null alleles 871:882 Null alleles (sgb11/esk1-7) of ESK1 871:905 Null alleles (sgb11/esk1-7) of ESK1 restore to wild-type levels the enhanced susceptibility of agb1-2 to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM), but not to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. 28792629 0 16 theme heterotrimeric 156:169 arg1 G-protein 171:179 the heterotrimeric G-protein 152:179 the heterotrimeric G-protein 152:179 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation triggers defense responses that counterbalance the immune deficiencies of plants impaired in the β-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein. 28792629 2 17 theme wild-type 518:526 arg1 plants 528:533 wild-type plants 518:533 wild-type plants 518:533 It also plays a role in plant cell wall integrity as mutants impaired in the Gβ- (agb1-2) or Gγ-subunits have an altered wall composition compared with wild-type plants. 28792629 4 18 theme sgb 688:690 arg1 mutants 692:698 the four sgb mutants 679:698 the four sgb mutants (sgb10-sgb13) identified 679:723 Out of the four sgb mutants (sgb10-sgb13) identified, sgb11 is a new mutant allele of ESKIMO1 (ESK1), which encodes a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation. 28792629 4 18 theme sgb 688:690 arg1 sgb10-sgb13 701:711 sgb10-sgb13 701:711 sgb10-sgb13 701:711 Out of the four sgb mutants (sgb10-sgb13) identified, sgb11 is a new mutant allele of ESKIMO1 (ESK1), which encodes a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation. 28792629 0 19 theme cell 14:17 arg1 acetylation 30:40 cell wall xylan acetylation 14:40 cell wall xylan acetylation 14:40 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation triggers defense responses that counterbalance the immune deficiencies of plants impaired in the β-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein. 28792629 8 20 theme cell 1316:1319 arg1 acetylation 1332:1342 cell wall xylan acetylation 1316:1342 cell wall xylan acetylation 1316:1342 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 7 21 theme double 1210:1215 arg1 mutant 1217:1222 the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant 1192:1222 the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant 1192:1222 The enhanced resistance to PcBMM of the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant was not the result of the re-activation of deficient PTI responses in agb1-2. 28792629 9 22 theme esk1 1825:1828 arg1 plants 1830:1835 esk1 plants 1825:1835 esk1 plants 1825:1835 These esk1-mediated responses counterbalance the defective PTI and PcBMM susceptibility of agb1-2 plants, and explain the enhanced drought resistance of esk1 plants. 28792629 8 23 theme xylan 1326:1330 arg1 acetylation 1332:1342 cell wall xylan acetylation 1316:1342 cell wall xylan acetylation 1316:1342 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 0 24 theme immune 93:98 arg1 deficiencies 100:111 the immune deficiencies 89:111 the immune deficiencies of plants impaired in the β-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein 89:179 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation triggers defense responses that counterbalance the immune deficiencies of plants impaired in the β-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein. 28792629 4 25 theme ESKIMO1 758:764 arg1 allele 748:753 a new mutant allele 735:753 a new mutant allele 735:753 Out of the four sgb mutants (sgb10-sgb13) identified, sgb11 is a new mutant allele of ESKIMO1 (ESK1), which encodes a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation. 28792629 4 25 theme ESKIMO1 758:764 arg1 sgb11 726:730 sgb11 726:730 sgb11 726:730 Out of the four sgb mutants (sgb10-sgb13) identified, sgb11 is a new mutant allele of ESKIMO1 (ESK1), which encodes a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation. 28792629 4 25 theme ESKIMO1 758:764 arg1 O-acetyltransferase 820:838 a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase 788:838 a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation 788:868 Out of the four sgb mutants (sgb10-sgb13) identified, sgb11 is a new mutant allele of ESKIMO1 (ESK1), which encodes a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation. 28792629 9 26 theme enhanced 1794:1801 arg1 resistance 1811:1820 the enhanced drought resistance 1790:1820 the enhanced drought resistance of esk1 plants 1790:1835 These esk1-mediated responses counterbalance the defective PTI and PcBMM susceptibility of agb1-2 plants, and explain the enhanced drought resistance of esk1 plants. 28792629 8 27 theme ESK1 1354:1357 arg1 impairment 1359:1368 ESK1 impairment 1354:1368 ESK1 impairment 1354:1368 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 8 28 theme tryptophan-derived 1542:1559 arg1 metabolites 1561:1571 tryptophan-derived metabolites 1542:1571 tryptophan-derived metabolites 1542:1571 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 4 29 theme new 737:739 arg1 allele 748:753 a new mutant allele 735:753 a new mutant allele 735:753 Out of the four sgb mutants (sgb10-sgb13) identified, sgb11 is a new mutant allele of ESKIMO1 (ESK1), which encodes a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation. 28792629 4 29 theme new 737:739 arg1 sgb11 726:730 sgb11 726:730 sgb11 726:730 Out of the four sgb mutants (sgb10-sgb13) identified, sgb11 is a new mutant allele of ESKIMO1 (ESK1), which encodes a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation. 28792629 4 29 theme new 737:739 arg1 O-acetyltransferase 820:838 a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase 788:838 a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation 788:868 Out of the four sgb mutants (sgb10-sgb13) identified, sgb11 is a new mutant allele of ESKIMO1 (ESK1), which encodes a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation. 28792629 7 30 theme enhanced 1160:1167 arg1 result 1236:1241 the result 1232:1241 the result of the re-activation of deficient PTI responses in agb1-2 1232:1299 The enhanced resistance to PcBMM of the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant was not the result of the re-activation of deficient PTI responses in agb1-2. 28792629 7 30 theme enhanced 1160:1167 arg1 resistance 1169:1178 The enhanced resistance 1156:1178 The enhanced resistance to PcBMM of the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant 1156:1222 The enhanced resistance to PcBMM of the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant was not the result of the re-activation of deficient PTI responses in agb1-2. 28792629 1 31 theme different 336:344 arg1 types 346:350 different types 336:350 different types of pathogens 336:363 Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein complex modulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance responses to different types of pathogens. 28792629 5 32 theme enhanced 939:946 arg1 susceptibility 948:961 the enhanced susceptibility 935:961 the enhanced susceptibility of agb1-2 to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM), but not to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv 935:1088 Null alleles (sgb11/esk1-7) of ESK1 restore to wild-type levels the enhanced susceptibility of agb1-2 to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM), but not to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. 28792629 2 33 theme wall 487:490 arg1 composition 492:502 an altered wall composition 476:502 an altered wall composition 476:502 It also plays a role in plant cell wall integrity as mutants impaired in the Gβ- (agb1-2) or Gγ-subunits have an altered wall composition compared with wild-type plants. 28792629 0 34 theme xylan 24:28 arg1 acetylation 30:40 cell wall xylan acetylation 14:40 cell wall xylan acetylation 14:40 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation triggers defense responses that counterbalance the immune deficiencies of plants impaired in the β-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein. 28792629 7 35 theme responses 1281:1289 arg1 re-activation 1250:1262 the re-activation 1246:1262 the re-activation of deficient PTI responses in agb1-2 1246:1299 The enhanced resistance to PcBMM of the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant was not the result of the re-activation of deficient PTI responses in agb1-2. 28792629 4 36 theme plant-specific 790:803 arg1 allele 748:753 a new mutant allele 735:753 a new mutant allele 735:753 Out of the four sgb mutants (sgb10-sgb13) identified, sgb11 is a new mutant allele of ESKIMO1 (ESK1), which encodes a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation. 28792629 4 36 theme plant-specific 790:803 arg1 O-acetyltransferase 820:838 a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase 788:838 a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation 788:868 Out of the four sgb mutants (sgb10-sgb13) identified, sgb11 is a new mutant allele of ESKIMO1 (ESK1), which encodes a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation. 28792629 9 37 dep PTI 1731:1733 arg1 the 1717:1719 the 1717:1719 the 1717:1719 These esk1-mediated responses counterbalance the defective PTI and PcBMM susceptibility of agb1-2 plants, and explain the enhanced drought resistance of esk1 plants. 28792629 7 38 theme deficient 1267:1275 arg1 responses 1281:1289 deficient PTI responses 1267:1289 deficient PTI responses 1267:1289 The enhanced resistance to PcBMM of the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant was not the result of the re-activation of deficient PTI responses in agb1-2. 28792629 10 39 theme deficient 1867:1875 arg1 resistance 1890:1899 a deficient PTI-mediated resistance 1865:1899 a deficient PTI-mediated resistance 1865:1899 These results suggest that a deficient PTI-mediated resistance is partially compensated by the activation of specific cell-wall-triggered immune responses. 28792629 10 40 theme specific 1947:1954 arg1 responses 1983:1991 specific cell-wall-triggered immune responses 1947:1991 specific cell-wall-triggered immune responses 1947:1991 These results suggest that a deficient PTI-mediated resistance is partially compensated by the activation of specific cell-wall-triggered immune responses. 28792629 1 41 theme pattern-triggered 267:283 arg1 PTI 295:297 PTI 295:297 PTI 295:297 Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein complex modulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance responses to different types of pathogens. 28792629 1 41 theme pattern-triggered 267:283 arg1 immunity 285:292 pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity 237:292 pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) 237:298 Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein complex modulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance responses to different types of pathogens. 28792629 5 42 theme necrotrophic 980:991 arg1 cucumerina 1017:1026 the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM 976:1030 the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM) 976:1038 Null alleles (sgb11/esk1-7) of ESK1 restore to wild-type levels the enhanced susceptibility of agb1-2 to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM), but not to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. 28792629 5 42 theme necrotrophic 980:991 arg1 PcBMM 1033:1037 PcBMM 1033:1037 PcBMM 1033:1037 Null alleles (sgb11/esk1-7) of ESK1 restore to wild-type levels the enhanced susceptibility of agb1-2 to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM), but not to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. 28792629 7 43 theme re-activation 1250:1262 arg1 result 1236:1241 the result 1232:1241 the result of the re-activation of deficient PTI responses in agb1-2 1232:1299 The enhanced resistance to PcBMM of the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant was not the result of the re-activation of deficient PTI responses in agb1-2. 28792629 7 43 theme re-activation 1250:1262 arg1 resistance 1169:1178 The enhanced resistance 1156:1178 The enhanced resistance to PcBMM of the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant 1156:1222 The enhanced resistance to PcBMM of the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant was not the result of the re-activation of deficient PTI responses in agb1-2. 28792629 8 44 theme resistance-related 1606:1623 arg1 metabolites 1635:1645 resistance-related secondary metabolites 1606:1645 resistance-related secondary metabolites 1606:1645 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 8 45 theme acid 1426:1429 arg1 accumulation 1582:1593 the accumulation 1578:1593 the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites 1578:1669 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 8 45 theme acid 1426:1429 arg1 expression 1449:1458 the constitutive expression 1432:1458 the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites 1432:1571 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 8 45 theme acid 1426:1429 arg1 accumulation 1401:1412 an enhanced accumulation 1389:1412 an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid 1389:1429 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 2 46 theme wall 401:404 arg1 integrity 406:414 plant cell wall integrity 390:414 plant cell wall integrity 390:414 It also plays a role in plant cell wall integrity as mutants impaired in the Gβ- (agb1-2) or Gγ-subunits have an altered wall composition compared with wild-type plants. 28792629 5 47 dep Pseudomonas 1066:1076 arg1 syringae 1078:1085 syringae 1078:1085 syringae 1078:1085 Null alleles (sgb11/esk1-7) of ESK1 restore to wild-type levels the enhanced susceptibility of agb1-2 to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM), but not to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. 28792629 2 48 theme plant 390:394 arg1 integrity 406:414 plant cell wall integrity 390:414 plant cell wall integrity 390:414 It also plays a role in plant cell wall integrity as mutants impaired in the Gβ- (agb1-2) or Gγ-subunits have an altered wall composition compared with wild-type plants. 28792629 4 49 theme xylan 852:856 arg1 acetylation 858:868 xylan acetylation 852:868 xylan acetylation 852:868 Out of the four sgb mutants (sgb10-sgb13) identified, sgb11 is a new mutant allele of ESKIMO1 (ESK1), which encodes a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation. 28792629 8 50 theme different 1651:1659 arg1 osmolites 1661:1669 different osmolites 1651:1669 different osmolites 1651:1669 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 10 51 theme immune 1976:1981 arg1 responses 1983:1991 specific cell-wall-triggered immune responses 1947:1991 specific cell-wall-triggered immune responses 1947:1991 These results suggest that a deficient PTI-mediated resistance is partially compensated by the activation of specific cell-wall-triggered immune responses. 28792629 6 52 dep tomato 1091:1096 arg1 arabidopsidis 1141:1153 the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis 1111:1153 the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis 1111:1153 tomato DC3000 or to the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. 28792629 3 53 theme mutant 556:561 arg1 screen 563:568 a mutant screen 554:568 a mutant screen to identify suppressors of agb1-2 (sgb) that restore susceptibility to pathogens to wild-type levels 554:669 Here we performed a mutant screen to identify suppressors of agb1-2 (sgb) that restore susceptibility to pathogens to wild-type levels. 28792629 1 54 theme disease 304:310 arg1 responses 323:331 disease resistance responses 304:331 disease resistance responses to different types of pathogens 304:363 Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein complex modulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance responses to different types of pathogens. 28792629 7 55 from result 1236:1241 arg1 agb1-2 1294:1299 agb1-2 1294:1299 agb1-2 1294:1299 The enhanced resistance to PcBMM of the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant was not the result of the re-activation of deficient PTI responses in agb1-2. 28792629 4 56 theme polysaccharide 805:818 arg1 allele 748:753 a new mutant allele 735:753 a new mutant allele 735:753 Out of the four sgb mutants (sgb10-sgb13) identified, sgb11 is a new mutant allele of ESKIMO1 (ESK1), which encodes a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation. 28792629 4 56 theme polysaccharide 805:818 arg1 O-acetyltransferase 820:838 a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase 788:838 a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation 788:868 Out of the four sgb mutants (sgb10-sgb13) identified, sgb11 is a new mutant allele of ESKIMO1 (ESK1), which encodes a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation. 28792629 8 57 link tryptophan-derived 1542:1559 arg1 metabolites 1561:1571 tryptophan-derived metabolites 1542:1571 tryptophan-derived metabolites 1542:1571 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 1 58 theme heterotrimeric 194:207 arg1 G-protein 209:217 Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein 182:217 Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein complex 182:225 Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein complex modulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance responses to different types of pathogens. 28792629 9 59 theme PcBMM 1739:1743 arg1 susceptibility 1745:1758 PcBMM susceptibility 1739:1758 PcBMM susceptibility 1739:1758 These esk1-mediated responses counterbalance the defective PTI and PcBMM susceptibility of agb1-2 plants, and explain the enhanced drought resistance of esk1 plants. 28792629 6 60 theme oomycete 1115:1122 arg1 arabidopsidis 1141:1153 the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis 1111:1153 the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis 1111:1153 tomato DC3000 or to the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. 28792629 5 61 theme Null 871:874 arg1 sgb11/esk1-7 885:896 sgb11/esk1-7 885:896 sgb11/esk1-7 885:896 Null alleles (sgb11/esk1-7) of ESK1 restore to wild-type levels the enhanced susceptibility of agb1-2 to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM), but not to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. 28792629 5 61 theme Null 871:874 arg1 alleles 876:882 Null alleles 871:882 Null alleles (sgb11/esk1-7) of ESK1 871:905 Null alleles (sgb11/esk1-7) of ESK1 restore to wild-type levels the enhanced susceptibility of agb1-2 to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM), but not to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. 28792629 1 62 theme pathogen-associated 237:255 arg1 PTI 295:297 PTI 295:297 PTI 295:297 Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein complex modulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance responses to different types of pathogens. 28792629 1 62 theme pathogen-associated 237:255 arg1 immunity 285:292 pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity 237:292 pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) 237:298 Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein complex modulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance responses to different types of pathogens. 28792629 9 63 theme plants 1770:1775 arg1 PTI 1731:1733 defective PTI 1721:1733 defective PTI 1721:1733 These esk1-mediated responses counterbalance the defective PTI and PcBMM susceptibility of agb1-2 plants, and explain the enhanced drought resistance of esk1 plants. 28792629 9 63 theme plants 1770:1775 arg1 susceptibility 1745:1758 PcBMM susceptibility 1739:1758 PcBMM susceptibility 1739:1758 These esk1-mediated responses counterbalance the defective PTI and PcBMM susceptibility of agb1-2 plants, and explain the enhanced drought resistance of esk1 plants. 28792629 5 64 theme Pseudomonas 1066:1076 arg1 pv 1087:1088 the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv 1052:1088 the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv 1052:1088 Null alleles (sgb11/esk1-7) of ESK1 restore to wild-type levels the enhanced susceptibility of agb1-2 to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM), but not to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. 28792629 3 65 theme agb1-2 597:602 arg1 suppressors 582:592 suppressors 582:592 suppressors of agb1-2 (sgb) that restore susceptibility to pathogens to wild-type levels 582:669 Here we performed a mutant screen to identify suppressors of agb1-2 (sgb) that restore susceptibility to pathogens to wild-type levels. 28792629 8 66 theme enhanced 1392:1399 arg1 accumulation 1401:1412 an enhanced accumulation 1389:1412 an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid 1389:1429 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 8 67 theme genes 1463:1467 arg1 accumulation 1582:1593 the accumulation 1578:1593 the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites 1578:1669 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 8 67 theme genes 1463:1467 arg1 expression 1449:1458 the constitutive expression 1432:1458 the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites 1432:1571 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 8 67 theme genes 1463:1467 arg1 accumulation 1401:1412 an enhanced accumulation 1389:1412 an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid 1389:1429 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 0 68 theme G-protein 171:179 arg1 β-subunit 139:147 the β-subunit 135:147 the β-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein 135:179 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation triggers defense responses that counterbalance the immune deficiencies of plants impaired in the β-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein. 28792629 8 69 theme antibiotic 1478:1487 arg1 peptides 1489:1496 antibiotic peptides 1478:1496 antibiotic peptides 1478:1496 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 7 70 theme mutant 1217:1222 arg1 PcBMM 1183:1187 PcBMM 1183:1187 PcBMM of the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant 1183:1222 The enhanced resistance to PcBMM of the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant was not the result of the re-activation of deficient PTI responses in agb1-2. 28792629 10 71 theme PTI-mediated 1877:1888 arg1 resistance 1890:1899 a deficient PTI-mediated resistance 1865:1899 a deficient PTI-mediated resistance 1865:1899 These results suggest that a deficient PTI-mediated resistance is partially compensated by the activation of specific cell-wall-triggered immune responses. 28792629 9 72 theme drought 1803:1809 arg1 resistance 1811:1820 the enhanced drought resistance 1790:1820 the enhanced drought resistance of esk1 plants 1790:1835 These esk1-mediated responses counterbalance the defective PTI and PcBMM susceptibility of agb1-2 plants, and explain the enhanced drought resistance of esk1 plants. 28792629 7 73 theme agb1-2 1196:1201 arg1 mutant 1217:1222 the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant 1192:1222 the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant 1192:1222 The enhanced resistance to PcBMM of the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant was not the result of the re-activation of deficient PTI responses in agb1-2. 28792629 7 74 theme esk1-7 1203:1208 arg1 mutant 1217:1222 the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant 1192:1222 the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant 1192:1222 The enhanced resistance to PcBMM of the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant was not the result of the re-activation of deficient PTI responses in agb1-2. 28792629 9 75 theme plants 1830:1835 arg1 resistance 1811:1820 the enhanced drought resistance 1790:1820 the enhanced drought resistance of esk1 plants 1790:1835 These esk1-mediated responses counterbalance the defective PTI and PcBMM susceptibility of agb1-2 plants, and explain the enhanced drought resistance of esk1 plants. 28792629 4 76 theme mutant 741:746 arg1 allele 748:753 a new mutant allele 735:753 a new mutant allele 735:753 Out of the four sgb mutants (sgb10-sgb13) identified, sgb11 is a new mutant allele of ESKIMO1 (ESK1), which encodes a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation. 28792629 4 76 theme mutant 741:746 arg1 sgb11 726:730 sgb11 726:730 sgb11 726:730 Out of the four sgb mutants (sgb10-sgb13) identified, sgb11 is a new mutant allele of ESKIMO1 (ESK1), which encodes a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation. 28792629 4 76 theme mutant 741:746 arg1 O-acetyltransferase 820:838 a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase 788:838 a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation 788:868 Out of the four sgb mutants (sgb10-sgb13) identified, sgb11 is a new mutant allele of ESKIMO1 (ESK1), which encodes a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation. 28792629 8 77 theme wall 1321:1324 arg1 acetylation 1332:1342 cell wall xylan acetylation 1316:1342 cell wall xylan acetylation 1316:1342 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 0 78 theme plants 116:121 arg1 deficiencies 100:111 the immune deficiencies 89:111 the immune deficiencies of plants impaired in the β-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein 89:179 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation triggers defense responses that counterbalance the immune deficiencies of plants impaired in the β-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein. 28792629 5 79 theme agb1-2 966:971 arg1 susceptibility 948:961 the enhanced susceptibility 935:961 the enhanced susceptibility of agb1-2 to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM), but not to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv 935:1088 Null alleles (sgb11/esk1-7) of ESK1 restore to wild-type levels the enhanced susceptibility of agb1-2 to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM), but not to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. 28792629 8 80 theme acetylation 1332:1342 arg1 Alteration 1302:1311 Alteration 1302:1311 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment 1302:1368 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 5 81 theme wild-type 918:926 arg1 levels 928:933 wild-type levels 918:933 wild-type levels 918:933 Null alleles (sgb11/esk1-7) of ESK1 restore to wild-type levels the enhanced susceptibility of agb1-2 to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM), but not to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. 28792629 8 82 theme metabolites 1561:1571 arg1 biosynthesis 1526:1537 the biosynthesis 1522:1537 the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites 1522:1571 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 0 83 theme wall 19:22 arg1 acetylation 30:40 cell wall xylan acetylation 14:40 cell wall xylan acetylation 14:40 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation triggers defense responses that counterbalance the immune deficiencies of plants impaired in the β-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein. 28792629 3 84 theme wild-type 654:662 arg1 levels 664:669 wild-type levels 654:669 wild-type levels 654:669 Here we performed a mutant screen to identify suppressors of agb1-2 (sgb) that restore susceptibility to pathogens to wild-type levels. 28792629 0 85 theme acetylation 30:40 arg1 Alteration 0:9 Alteration 0:9 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation 0:40 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation triggers defense responses that counterbalance the immune deficiencies of plants impaired in the β-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein. 28792629 7 86 theme PTI 1277:1279 arg1 responses 1281:1289 deficient PTI responses 1267:1289 deficient PTI responses 1267:1289 The enhanced resistance to PcBMM of the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant was not the result of the re-activation of deficient PTI responses in agb1-2. 28792629 2 87 theme altered 479:485 arg1 composition 492:502 an altered wall composition 476:502 an altered wall composition 476:502 It also plays a role in plant cell wall integrity as mutants impaired in the Gβ- (agb1-2) or Gγ-subunits have an altered wall composition compared with wild-type plants. 28792629 0 88 theme defense 51:57 arg1 responses 59:67 defense responses 51:67 defense responses that counterbalance the immune deficiencies of plants impaired in the β-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein 51:179 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation triggers defense responses that counterbalance the immune deficiencies of plants impaired in the β-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein. 28792629 1 89 theme pathogens 355:363 arg1 types 346:350 different types 336:350 different types of pathogens 336:363 Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein complex modulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance responses to different types of pathogens. 28792629 8 90 theme disease 1598:1604 arg1 accumulation 1582:1593 the accumulation 1578:1593 the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites 1578:1669 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 8 90 theme disease 1598:1604 arg1 expression 1449:1458 the constitutive expression 1432:1458 the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites 1432:1571 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 8 90 theme disease 1598:1604 arg1 accumulation 1401:1412 an enhanced accumulation 1389:1412 an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid 1389:1429 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 10 91 theme cell-wall-triggered 1956:1974 arg1 responses 1983:1991 specific cell-wall-triggered immune responses 1947:1991 specific cell-wall-triggered immune responses 1947:1991 These results suggest that a deficient PTI-mediated resistance is partially compensated by the activation of specific cell-wall-triggered immune responses. 28792629 5 92 theme Plectosphaerella 1000:1015 arg1 cucumerina 1017:1026 the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM 976:1030 the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM) 976:1038 Null alleles (sgb11/esk1-7) of ESK1 restore to wild-type levels the enhanced susceptibility of agb1-2 to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM), but not to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. 28792629 5 92 theme Plectosphaerella 1000:1015 arg1 PcBMM 1033:1037 PcBMM 1033:1037 PcBMM 1033:1037 Null alleles (sgb11/esk1-7) of ESK1 restore to wild-type levels the enhanced susceptibility of agb1-2 to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM), but not to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. 28792629 7 93 from agb1-2 1294:1299 arg1 result 1236:1241 the result 1232:1241 the result of the re-activation of deficient PTI responses in agb1-2 1232:1299 The enhanced resistance to PcBMM of the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant was not the result of the re-activation of deficient PTI responses in agb1-2. 28792629 7 93 from agb1-2 1294:1299 arg1 resistance 1169:1178 The enhanced resistance 1156:1178 The enhanced resistance to PcBMM of the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant 1156:1222 The enhanced resistance to PcBMM of the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant was not the result of the re-activation of deficient PTI responses in agb1-2. 28792629 8 94 theme secondary 1625:1633 arg1 metabolites 1635:1645 resistance-related secondary metabolites 1606:1645 resistance-related secondary metabolites 1606:1645 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 5 95 theme fungus 993:998 arg1 cucumerina 1017:1026 the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM 976:1030 the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM) 976:1038 Null alleles (sgb11/esk1-7) of ESK1 restore to wild-type levels the enhanced susceptibility of agb1-2 to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM), but not to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. 28792629 5 95 theme fungus 993:998 arg1 PcBMM 1033:1037 PcBMM 1033:1037 PcBMM 1033:1037 Null alleles (sgb11/esk1-7) of ESK1 restore to wild-type levels the enhanced susceptibility of agb1-2 to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM), but not to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. 28792629 8 96 theme abscisic 1417:1424 arg1 acid 1426:1429 abscisic acid 1417:1429 abscisic acid 1417:1429 Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. 28792629 2 97 theme cell 396:399 arg1 integrity 406:414 plant cell wall integrity 390:414 plant cell wall integrity 390:414 It also plays a role in plant cell wall integrity as mutants impaired in the Gβ- (agb1-2) or Gγ-subunits have an altered wall composition compared with wild-type plants. 24583177 4 0 theme TNFAIP8L2 573:581 arg1 transcript 583:592 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript 558:592 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript (1974 bp) 558:602 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript (1974 bp) possessed a coding sequence of 561 bp encoding a peptide of 186 amino acids. 24583177 4 0 theme TNFAIP8L2 573:581 arg1 bp 600:601 1974 bp 595:601 1974 bp 595:601 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript (1974 bp) possessed a coding sequence of 561 bp encoding a peptide of 186 amino acids. 24583177 10 1 theme proximal 1434:1441 arg1 region 1443:1448 Promoter proximal region 1425:1448 Promoter proximal region of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 1425:1472 Promoter proximal region of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 consisted of multiple immune responsive cis-regulatory elements. 24583177 4 2 theme bp 639:640 arg1 sequence 623:630 a coding sequence 614:630 a coding sequence of 561 bp encoding a peptide of 186 amino acids 614:678 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript (1974 bp) possessed a coding sequence of 561 bp encoding a peptide of 186 amino acids. 24583177 10 3 theme bream 1458:1462 arg1 TNFAIP8L2 1464:1472 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 1453:1472 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 1453:1472 Promoter proximal region of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 consisted of multiple immune responsive cis-regulatory elements. 24583177 0 4 theme Genomic 0:6 arg1 identification 8:21 Genomic identification 0:21 Genomic identification 0:21 Genomic identification and molecular characterization of a non-mammalian TNFAIP8L2 gene from Oplegnathus fasciatus. 24583177 12 5 from expression 1717:1726 arg1 post-challenges 1767:1781 head kidney post-challenges 1755:1781 head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) 1755:1868 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 12 6 dep stimulants 1788:1797 arg1 I 1813:1813 LPS and poly I 1800:1813 I 1813:1813 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 1 7 theme described 192:200 arg1 protein 152:158 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 116:167 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2) 116:179 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2) is a newly described negative immune regulator, whose enigmatic biological functions are not clearly understood. 24583177 1 7 theme described 192:200 arg1 regulator 218:226 a newly described negative immune regulator 184:226 a newly described negative immune regulator 184:226 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2) is a newly described negative immune regulator, whose enigmatic biological functions are not clearly understood. 24583177 11 8 theme constitutive 1602:1613 arg1 expression 1615:1624 its constitutive expression 1598:1624 its constitutive expression in examined tissues 1598:1644 Analysis of basal transcription in eleven tissues revealed its constitutive expression in examined tissues with highest magnitude in the head kidney. 24583177 4 9 theme coding 616:621 arg1 sequence 623:630 a coding sequence 614:630 a coding sequence of 561 bp encoding a peptide of 186 amino acids 614:678 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript (1974 bp) possessed a coding sequence of 561 bp encoding a peptide of 186 amino acids. 24583177 14 10 theme inflammatory 2224:2235 arg1 modulation 2237:2246 immune and inflammatory modulation 2213:2246 immune and inflammatory modulation in rock bream 2213:2260 All these findings imply that rock bream TNFAIP8L2 is potentially responsible for immune and inflammatory modulation in rock bream. 24583177 5 11 theme DED-like 811:818 arg1 domain 820:825 the DED-like domain 807:825 the DED-like domain 807:825 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein was 21.1kDa and revealed the typical features of known TNFAIP8L2 members including the DED-like domain. 24583177 8 12 theme non-teleost 1204:1214 arg1 origin 1216:1221 non-teleost origin 1204:1221 non-teleost origin 1204:1221 Based on an interspecies genomic organizational comparison of TNFAIP8L2 orthologs, they could be classified into two classes, with teleost and non-teleost origin respectively. 24583177 6 13 theme TNFAIP8L2 930:938 arg1 family 940:945 the TNFAIP8L2 family 926:945 the TNFAIP8L2 family 926:945 Rock bream TNFAIP8L2 was composed of six α-helices and demonstrated a distinct folding pattern of the TNFAIP8L2 family. 24583177 14 14 theme immune 2213:2218 arg1 modulation 2237:2246 immune and inflammatory modulation 2213:2246 immune and inflammatory modulation in rock bream 2213:2260 All these findings imply that rock bream TNFAIP8L2 is potentially responsible for immune and inflammatory modulation in rock bream. 24583177 5 15 theme predicted 685:693 arg1 21.1kDa 728:734 21.1kDa 728:734 21.1kDa 728:734 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein was 21.1kDa and revealed the typical features of known TNFAIP8L2 members including the DED-like domain. 24583177 5 15 theme predicted 685:693 arg1 protein 716:722 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein 681:722 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein 681:722 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein was 21.1kDa and revealed the typical features of known TNFAIP8L2 members including the DED-like domain. 24583177 9 16 theme teleost 1243:1249 arg1 TNFAIP8L2s 1251:1260 teleost TNFAIP8L2s 1243:1260 teleost TNFAIP8L2s 1243:1260 While teleost TNFAIP8L2s manifest a tripartite arrangement, non-teleost counterparts demonstrate a dipartite structure suggesting the loss of an intron during the post-piscine speciation. 24583177 5 17 theme members 789:795 arg1 features 761:768 the typical features 749:768 the typical features of known TNFAIP8L2 members including the DED-like domain 749:825 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein was 21.1kDa and revealed the typical features of known TNFAIP8L2 members including the DED-like domain. 24583177 5 17 theme members 789:795 arg1 domain 820:825 the DED-like domain 807:825 the DED-like domain 807:825 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein was 21.1kDa and revealed the typical features of known TNFAIP8L2 members including the DED-like domain. 24583177 7 18 theme corresponding 1026:1038 arg1 counterpart 1048:1058 the corresponding tilapia counterpart 1022:1058 the corresponding tilapia counterpart 1022:1058 It showed a certain degree of homology and phylogenetic relationship with the corresponding tilapia counterpart. 24583177 1 19 theme alpha-induced 138:150 arg1 protein 152:158 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 116:167 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2) 116:179 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2) is a newly described negative immune regulator, whose enigmatic biological functions are not clearly understood. 24583177 1 19 theme alpha-induced 138:150 arg1 TNFAIP8L2 170:178 TNFAIP8L2 170:178 TNFAIP8L2 170:178 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2) is a newly described negative immune regulator, whose enigmatic biological functions are not clearly understood. 24583177 1 19 theme alpha-induced 138:150 arg1 regulator 218:226 a newly described negative immune regulator 184:226 a newly described negative immune regulator 184:226 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2) is a newly described negative immune regulator, whose enigmatic biological functions are not clearly understood. 24583177 6 20 theme folding 907:913 arg1 pattern 915:921 a distinct folding pattern 896:921 a distinct folding pattern of the TNFAIP8L2 family 896:945 Rock bream TNFAIP8L2 was composed of six α-helices and demonstrated a distinct folding pattern of the TNFAIP8L2 family. 24583177 14 21 theme bream 2166:2170 arg1 TNFAIP8L2 2172:2180 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 2161:2180 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 2161:2180 All these findings imply that rock bream TNFAIP8L2 is potentially responsible for immune and inflammatory modulation in rock bream. 24583177 11 22 theme basal 1551:1555 arg1 transcription 1557:1569 basal transcription 1551:1569 basal transcription in eleven tissues 1551:1587 Analysis of basal transcription in eleven tissues revealed its constitutive expression in examined tissues with highest magnitude in the head kidney. 24583177 9 23 theme tripartite 1273:1282 arg1 arrangement 1284:1294 a tripartite arrangement 1271:1294 a tripartite arrangement 1271:1294 While teleost TNFAIP8L2s manifest a tripartite arrangement, non-teleost counterparts demonstrate a dipartite structure suggesting the loss of an intron during the post-piscine speciation. 24583177 4 24 contain possessed 604:612 arg1 transcript 583:592 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript 558:592 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript (1974 bp) 558:602 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript (1974 bp) possessed a coding sequence of 561 bp encoding a peptide of 186 amino acids. 24583177 4 24 contain possessed 604:612 arg1 bp 600:601 1974 bp 595:601 1974 bp 595:601 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript (1974 bp) possessed a coding sequence of 561 bp encoding a peptide of 186 amino acids. 24583177 4 24 contain possessed 604:612 arg2 sequence 623:630 a coding sequence 614:630 a coding sequence of 561 bp encoding a peptide of 186 amino acids 614:678 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript (1974 bp) possessed a coding sequence of 561 bp encoding a peptide of 186 amino acids. 24583177 7 25 theme certain 960:966 arg1 degree 968:973 a certain degree 958:973 a certain degree of homology 958:985 It showed a certain degree of homology and phylogenetic relationship with the corresponding tilapia counterpart. 24583177 1 26 theme 8-like 160:165 arg1 protein 152:158 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 116:167 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2) 116:179 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2) is a newly described negative immune regulator, whose enigmatic biological functions are not clearly understood. 24583177 1 26 theme 8-like 160:165 arg1 TNFAIP8L2 170:178 TNFAIP8L2 170:178 TNFAIP8L2 170:178 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2) is a newly described negative immune regulator, whose enigmatic biological functions are not clearly understood. 24583177 1 26 theme 8-like 160:165 arg1 regulator 218:226 a newly described negative immune regulator 184:226 a newly described negative immune regulator 184:226 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2) is a newly described negative immune regulator, whose enigmatic biological functions are not clearly understood. 24583177 12 27 theme LPS 1800:1802 arg1 I 1813:1813 LPS and poly I 1800:1813 I 1813:1813 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 0 28 from fasciatus 105:113 arg1 identification 8:21 Genomic identification 0:21 Genomic identification 0:21 Genomic identification and molecular characterization of a non-mammalian TNFAIP8L2 gene from Oplegnathus fasciatus. 24583177 0 28 from fasciatus 105:113 arg1 characterization 37:52 molecular characterization 27:52 molecular characterization 27:52 Genomic identification and molecular characterization of a non-mammalian TNFAIP8L2 gene from Oplegnathus fasciatus. 24583177 0 28 from fasciatus 105:113 arg1 gene 83:86 a non-mammalian TNFAIP8L2 gene 57:86 a non-mammalian TNFAIP8L2 gene from Oplegnathus fasciatus 57:113 Genomic identification and molecular characterization of a non-mammalian TNFAIP8L2 gene from Oplegnathus fasciatus. 24583177 12 29 dep I 1813:1813 arg1 C 1815:1815 C 1815:1815 LPS and poly I:C 1800:1815 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 0 30 theme TNFAIP8L2 73:81 arg1 gene 83:86 a non-mammalian TNFAIP8L2 gene 57:86 a non-mammalian TNFAIP8L2 gene from Oplegnathus fasciatus 57:113 Genomic identification and molecular characterization of a non-mammalian TNFAIP8L2 gene from Oplegnathus fasciatus. 24583177 12 31 theme head 1755:1758 arg1 post-challenges 1767:1781 head kidney post-challenges 1755:1781 head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) 1755:1868 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 7 32 with degree 968:973 arg1 counterpart 1048:1058 the corresponding tilapia counterpart 1022:1058 the corresponding tilapia counterpart 1022:1058 It showed a certain degree of homology and phylogenetic relationship with the corresponding tilapia counterpart. 24583177 10 33 theme multiple 1487:1494 arg1 elements 1529:1536 multiple immune responsive cis-regulatory elements 1487:1536 multiple immune responsive cis-regulatory elements 1487:1536 Promoter proximal region of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 consisted of multiple immune responsive cis-regulatory elements. 24583177 4 34 theme amino 668:672 arg1 acids 674:678 186 amino acids 664:678 186 amino acids 664:678 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript (1974 bp) possessed a coding sequence of 561 bp encoding a peptide of 186 amino acids. 24583177 13 35 theme bream 1942:1946 arg1 level 1963:1967 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 mRNA level 1937:1967 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 mRNA level 1937:1967 Additionally, a drastic down-regulation of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 mRNA level occurred in blood cells collected from experimentally injured animals, and it was accompanied by a contemporaneous down-regulation of cytokines, TNF-α and TGFβ3. 24583177 11 36 from expression 1615:1624 arg1 tissues 1638:1644 examined tissues 1629:1644 examined tissues 1629:1644 Analysis of basal transcription in eleven tissues revealed its constitutive expression in examined tissues with highest magnitude in the head kidney. 24583177 2 37 dep Oplegnathus 353:363 arg1 fasciatus 365:373 Oplegnathus fasciatus 353:373 Oplegnathus fasciatus 353:373 In the present study, the TNFAIP8L2 homolog of rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) was identified and characterized. 24583177 13 38 theme mRNA 1958:1961 arg1 level 1963:1967 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 mRNA level 1937:1967 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 mRNA level 1937:1967 Additionally, a drastic down-regulation of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 mRNA level occurred in blood cells collected from experimentally injured animals, and it was accompanied by a contemporaneous down-regulation of cytokines, TNF-α and TGFβ3. 24583177 5 39 theme bream 700:704 arg1 21.1kDa 728:734 21.1kDa 728:734 21.1kDa 728:734 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein was 21.1kDa and revealed the typical features of known TNFAIP8L2 members including the DED-like domain. 24583177 5 39 theme bream 700:704 arg1 protein 716:722 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein 681:722 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein 681:722 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein was 21.1kDa and revealed the typical features of known TNFAIP8L2 members including the DED-like domain. 24583177 13 40 theme cytokines 2103:2111 arg1 down-regulation 2084:2098 a contemporaneous down-regulation 2066:2098 a contemporaneous down-regulation of cytokines, TNF-α and TGFβ3 2066:2128 Additionally, a drastic down-regulation of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 mRNA level occurred in blood cells collected from experimentally injured animals, and it was accompanied by a contemporaneous down-regulation of cytokines, TNF-α and TGFβ3. 24583177 12 41 theme rock 1731:1734 arg1 TNFAIP8L2 1742:1750 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 1731:1750 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 1731:1750 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 14 42 theme rock 2161:2164 arg1 TNFAIP8L2 2172:2180 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 2161:2180 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 2161:2180 All these findings imply that rock bream TNFAIP8L2 is potentially responsible for immune and inflammatory modulation in rock bream. 24583177 13 43 theme drastic 1910:1916 arg1 down-regulation 1918:1932 a drastic down-regulation 1908:1932 a drastic down-regulation of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 mRNA level 1908:1967 Additionally, a drastic down-regulation of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 mRNA level occurred in blood cells collected from experimentally injured animals, and it was accompanied by a contemporaneous down-regulation of cytokines, TNF-α and TGFβ3. 24583177 3 44 theme bream 442:446 arg1 TNFAIP8L2 448:456 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 437:456 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 (~6.7 kb) 437:466 The genomic composition of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 (~6.7 kb) represented a tripartite arrangement in which three exons are interrupted by two introns. 24583177 3 44 theme bream 442:446 arg1 kb 464:465 ~6.7 kb 459:465 ~6.7 kb 459:465 The genomic composition of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 (~6.7 kb) represented a tripartite arrangement in which three exons are interrupted by two introns. 24583177 11 45 from tissues 1581:1587 arg1 Analysis 1539:1546 Analysis 1539:1546 Analysis of basal transcription in eleven tissues 1539:1587 Analysis of basal transcription in eleven tissues revealed its constitutive expression in examined tissues with highest magnitude in the head kidney. 24583177 12 46 theme TNFAIP8L2 1742:1750 arg1 stimulant-specific 1874:1891 stimulant-specific 1874:1891 stimulant-specific 1874:1891 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 12 46 theme TNFAIP8L2 1742:1750 arg1 expression 1717:1726 The modulated temporal mRNA expression 1689:1726 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) 1689:1868 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 0 47 from characterization 37:52 arg1 fasciatus 105:113 Oplegnathus fasciatus 93:113 Oplegnathus fasciatus 93:113 Genomic identification and molecular characterization of a non-mammalian TNFAIP8L2 gene from Oplegnathus fasciatus. 24583177 10 48 theme responsive 1503:1512 arg1 elements 1529:1536 multiple immune responsive cis-regulatory elements 1487:1536 multiple immune responsive cis-regulatory elements 1487:1536 Promoter proximal region of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 consisted of multiple immune responsive cis-regulatory elements. 24583177 5 49 theme TNFAIP8L2 779:787 arg1 members 789:795 known TNFAIP8L2 members 773:795 known TNFAIP8L2 members 773:795 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein was 21.1kDa and revealed the typical features of known TNFAIP8L2 members including the DED-like domain. 24583177 11 50 from Analysis 1539:1546 arg1 tissues 1581:1587 eleven tissues 1574:1587 eleven tissues 1574:1587 Analysis of basal transcription in eleven tissues revealed its constitutive expression in examined tissues with highest magnitude in the head kidney. 24583177 12 51 theme temporal 1703:1710 arg1 stimulant-specific 1874:1891 stimulant-specific 1874:1891 stimulant-specific 1874:1891 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 12 51 theme temporal 1703:1710 arg1 expression 1717:1726 The modulated temporal mRNA expression 1689:1726 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) 1689:1868 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 3 52 theme genomic 414:420 arg1 composition 422:432 The genomic composition 410:432 The genomic composition of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 (~6.7 kb) 410:466 The genomic composition of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 (~6.7 kb) represented a tripartite arrangement in which three exons are interrupted by two introns. 24583177 13 53 theme blood 1981:1985 arg1 cells 1987:1991 blood cells 1981:1991 blood cells collected from experimentally injured animals 1981:2037 Additionally, a drastic down-regulation of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 mRNA level occurred in blood cells collected from experimentally injured animals, and it was accompanied by a contemporaneous down-regulation of cytokines, TNF-α and TGFβ3. 24583177 5 54 theme typical 753:759 arg1 features 761:768 the typical features 749:768 the typical features of known TNFAIP8L2 members including the DED-like domain 749:825 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein was 21.1kDa and revealed the typical features of known TNFAIP8L2 members including the DED-like domain. 24583177 5 54 theme typical 753:759 arg1 domain 820:825 the DED-like domain 807:825 the DED-like domain 807:825 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein was 21.1kDa and revealed the typical features of known TNFAIP8L2 members including the DED-like domain. 24583177 9 55 theme intron 1382:1387 arg1 loss 1371:1374 the loss 1367:1374 the loss of an intron 1367:1387 While teleost TNFAIP8L2s manifest a tripartite arrangement, non-teleost counterparts demonstrate a dipartite structure suggesting the loss of an intron during the post-piscine speciation. 24583177 8 56 theme interspecies 1073:1084 arg1 comparison 1109:1118 an interspecies genomic organizational comparison 1070:1118 an interspecies genomic organizational comparison of TNFAIP8L2 orthologs 1070:1141 Based on an interspecies genomic organizational comparison of TNFAIP8L2 orthologs, they could be classified into two classes, with teleost and non-teleost origin respectively. 24583177 6 57 theme bream 833:837 arg1 TNFAIP8L2 839:847 Rock bream TNFAIP8L2 828:847 Rock bream TNFAIP8L2 828:847 Rock bream TNFAIP8L2 was composed of six α-helices and demonstrated a distinct folding pattern of the TNFAIP8L2 family. 24583177 13 58 theme contemporaneous 2068:2082 arg1 down-regulation 2084:2098 a contemporaneous down-regulation 2066:2098 a contemporaneous down-regulation of cytokines, TNF-α and TGFβ3 2066:2128 Additionally, a drastic down-regulation of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 mRNA level occurred in blood cells collected from experimentally injured animals, and it was accompanied by a contemporaneous down-regulation of cytokines, TNF-α and TGFβ3. 24583177 3 59 theme tripartite 482:491 arg1 arrangement 493:503 a tripartite arrangement 480:503 a tripartite arrangement in which three exons are interrupted by two introns 480:555 The genomic composition of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 (~6.7 kb) represented a tripartite arrangement in which three exons are interrupted by two introns. 24583177 8 60 theme organizational 1094:1107 arg1 comparison 1109:1118 an interspecies genomic organizational comparison 1070:1118 an interspecies genomic organizational comparison of TNFAIP8L2 orthologs 1070:1141 Based on an interspecies genomic organizational comparison of TNFAIP8L2 orthologs, they could be classified into two classes, with teleost and non-teleost origin respectively. 24583177 2 61 dep identified 380:389 arg1 Oplegnathus 353:363 Oplegnathus 353:363 Oplegnathus 353:363 In the present study, the TNFAIP8L2 homolog of rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) was identified and characterized. 24583177 13 62 theme injured 2023:2029 arg1 animals 2031:2037 experimentally injured animals 2008:2037 experimentally injured animals 2008:2037 Additionally, a drastic down-regulation of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 mRNA level occurred in blood cells collected from experimentally injured animals, and it was accompanied by a contemporaneous down-regulation of cytokines, TNF-α and TGFβ3. 24583177 13 63 theme rock 1937:1940 arg1 level 1963:1967 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 mRNA level 1937:1967 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 mRNA level 1937:1967 Additionally, a drastic down-regulation of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 mRNA level occurred in blood cells collected from experimentally injured animals, and it was accompanied by a contemporaneous down-regulation of cytokines, TNF-α and TGFβ3. 24583177 1 64 theme biological 245:254 arg1 functions 256:264 enigmatic biological functions 235:264 enigmatic biological functions 235:264 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2) is a newly described negative immune regulator, whose enigmatic biological functions are not clearly understood. 24583177 8 65 theme orthologs 1133:1141 arg1 comparison 1109:1118 an interspecies genomic organizational comparison 1070:1118 an interspecies genomic organizational comparison of TNFAIP8L2 orthologs 1070:1141 Based on an interspecies genomic organizational comparison of TNFAIP8L2 orthologs, they could be classified into two classes, with teleost and non-teleost origin respectively. 24583177 6 66 theme distinct 898:905 arg1 pattern 915:921 a distinct folding pattern 896:921 a distinct folding pattern of the TNFAIP8L2 family 896:945 Rock bream TNFAIP8L2 was composed of six α-helices and demonstrated a distinct folding pattern of the TNFAIP8L2 family. 24583177 11 67 from magnitude 1659:1667 arg1 kidney 1681:1686 the head kidney 1672:1686 the head kidney 1672:1686 Analysis of basal transcription in eleven tissues revealed its constitutive expression in examined tissues with highest magnitude in the head kidney. 24583177 4 68 theme bream 567:571 arg1 transcript 583:592 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript 558:592 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript (1974 bp) 558:602 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript (1974 bp) possessed a coding sequence of 561 bp encoding a peptide of 186 amino acids. 24583177 4 68 theme bream 567:571 arg1 bp 600:601 1974 bp 595:601 1974 bp 595:601 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript (1974 bp) possessed a coding sequence of 561 bp encoding a peptide of 186 amino acids. 24583177 10 69 theme Promoter 1425:1432 arg1 region 1443:1448 Promoter proximal region 1425:1448 Promoter proximal region of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 1425:1472 Promoter proximal region of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 consisted of multiple immune responsive cis-regulatory elements. 24583177 2 70 theme present 301:307 arg1 study 309:313 the present study 297:313 the present study 297:313 In the present study, the TNFAIP8L2 homolog of rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) was identified and characterized. 24583177 2 71 theme bream 346:350 arg1 homolog 330:336 the TNFAIP8L2 homolog 316:336 the TNFAIP8L2 homolog of rock bream 316:350 In the present study, the TNFAIP8L2 homolog of rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) was identified and characterized. 24583177 12 72 theme poly 1808:1811 arg1 I 1813:1813 LPS and poly I 1800:1813 I 1813:1813 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 4 73 theme 561 635:637 arg1 bp 639:640 561 bp 635:640 561 bp encoding a peptide of 186 amino acids 635:678 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript (1974 bp) possessed a coding sequence of 561 bp encoding a peptide of 186 amino acids. 24583177 14 74 theme rock 2251:2254 arg1 bream 2256:2260 rock bream 2251:2260 rock bream 2251:2260 All these findings imply that rock bream TNFAIP8L2 is potentially responsible for immune and inflammatory modulation in rock bream. 24583177 10 75 theme rock 1453:1456 arg1 TNFAIP8L2 1464:1472 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 1453:1472 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 1453:1472 Promoter proximal region of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 consisted of multiple immune responsive cis-regulatory elements. 24583177 2 76 theme TNFAIP8L2 320:328 arg1 homolog 330:336 the TNFAIP8L2 homolog 316:336 the TNFAIP8L2 homolog of rock bream 316:350 In the present study, the TNFAIP8L2 homolog of rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) was identified and characterized. 24583177 14 77 from modulation 2237:2246 arg1 bream 2256:2260 rock bream 2251:2260 rock bream 2251:2260 All these findings imply that rock bream TNFAIP8L2 is potentially responsible for immune and inflammatory modulation in rock bream. 24583177 11 78 theme examined 1629:1636 arg1 tissues 1638:1644 examined tissues 1629:1644 examined tissues 1629:1644 Analysis of basal transcription in eleven tissues revealed its constitutive expression in examined tissues with highest magnitude in the head kidney. 24583177 1 79 theme negative 202:209 arg1 protein 152:158 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 116:167 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2) 116:179 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2) is a newly described negative immune regulator, whose enigmatic biological functions are not clearly understood. 24583177 1 79 theme negative 202:209 arg1 regulator 218:226 a newly described negative immune regulator 184:226 a newly described negative immune regulator 184:226 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2) is a newly described negative immune regulator, whose enigmatic biological functions are not clearly understood. 24583177 6 80 theme family 940:945 arg1 pattern 915:921 a distinct folding pattern 896:921 a distinct folding pattern of the TNFAIP8L2 family 896:945 Rock bream TNFAIP8L2 was composed of six α-helices and demonstrated a distinct folding pattern of the TNFAIP8L2 family. 24583177 7 81 theme tilapia 1040:1046 arg1 counterpart 1048:1058 the corresponding tilapia counterpart 1022:1058 the corresponding tilapia counterpart 1022:1058 It showed a certain degree of homology and phylogenetic relationship with the corresponding tilapia counterpart. 24583177 13 82 theme TNFAIP8L2 1948:1956 arg1 level 1963:1967 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 mRNA level 1937:1967 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 mRNA level 1937:1967 Additionally, a drastic down-regulation of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 mRNA level occurred in blood cells collected from experimentally injured animals, and it was accompanied by a contemporaneous down-regulation of cytokines, TNF-α and TGFβ3. 24583177 7 83 theme phylogenetic 991:1002 arg1 relationship 1004:1015 phylogenetic relationship 991:1015 phylogenetic relationship with the corresponding tilapia counterpart 991:1058 It showed a certain degree of homology and phylogenetic relationship with the corresponding tilapia counterpart. 24583177 4 84 theme acids 674:678 arg1 peptide 653:659 a peptide 651:659 a peptide of 186 amino acids 651:678 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript (1974 bp) possessed a coding sequence of 561 bp encoding a peptide of 186 amino acids. 24583177 13 85 theme level 1963:1967 arg1 down-regulation 1918:1932 a drastic down-regulation 1908:1932 a drastic down-regulation of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 mRNA level 1908:1967 Additionally, a drastic down-regulation of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 mRNA level occurred in blood cells collected from experimentally injured animals, and it was accompanied by a contemporaneous down-regulation of cytokines, TNF-α and TGFβ3. 24583177 7 86 theme homology 978:985 arg1 relationship 1004:1015 phylogenetic relationship 991:1015 phylogenetic relationship with the corresponding tilapia counterpart 991:1058 It showed a certain degree of homology and phylogenetic relationship with the corresponding tilapia counterpart. 24583177 7 86 theme homology 978:985 arg1 degree 968:973 a certain degree 958:973 a certain degree of homology 958:985 It showed a certain degree of homology and phylogenetic relationship with the corresponding tilapia counterpart. 24583177 0 87 theme gene 83:86 arg1 identification 8:21 Genomic identification 0:21 Genomic identification 0:21 Genomic identification and molecular characterization of a non-mammalian TNFAIP8L2 gene from Oplegnathus fasciatus. 24583177 0 87 theme gene 83:86 arg1 characterization 37:52 molecular characterization 27:52 molecular characterization 27:52 Genomic identification and molecular characterization of a non-mammalian TNFAIP8L2 gene from Oplegnathus fasciatus. 24583177 12 88 dep pathogens 1822:1830 arg1 virus 1863:1867 irido virus 1857:1867 irido virus 1857:1867 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 12 88 dep pathogens 1822:1830 arg1 Streptococcus 1833:1845 Streptococcus 1833:1845 Streptococcus 1833:1845 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 12 88 dep pathogens 1822:1830 arg1 pathogens 1822:1830 pathogens 1822:1830 pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) 1822:1868 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 0 89 theme Oplegnathus 93:103 arg1 fasciatus 105:113 Oplegnathus fasciatus 93:113 Oplegnathus fasciatus 93:113 Genomic identification and molecular characterization of a non-mammalian TNFAIP8L2 gene from Oplegnathus fasciatus. 24583177 9 90 theme non-teleost 1297:1307 arg1 counterparts 1309:1320 non-teleost counterparts 1297:1320 non-teleost counterparts 1297:1320 While teleost TNFAIP8L2s manifest a tripartite arrangement, non-teleost counterparts demonstrate a dipartite structure suggesting the loss of an intron during the post-piscine speciation. 24583177 0 91 from identification 8:21 arg1 fasciatus 105:113 Oplegnathus fasciatus 93:113 Oplegnathus fasciatus 93:113 Genomic identification and molecular characterization of a non-mammalian TNFAIP8L2 gene from Oplegnathus fasciatus. 24583177 4 92 theme 186 664:666 arg1 acids 674:678 186 amino acids 664:678 186 amino acids 664:678 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript (1974 bp) possessed a coding sequence of 561 bp encoding a peptide of 186 amino acids. 24583177 11 93 theme transcription 1557:1569 arg1 Analysis 1539:1546 Analysis 1539:1546 Analysis of basal transcription in eleven tissues 1539:1587 Analysis of basal transcription in eleven tissues revealed its constitutive expression in examined tissues with highest magnitude in the head kidney. 24583177 5 94 theme rock 695:698 arg1 21.1kDa 728:734 21.1kDa 728:734 21.1kDa 728:734 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein was 21.1kDa and revealed the typical features of known TNFAIP8L2 members including the DED-like domain. 24583177 5 94 theme rock 695:698 arg1 protein 716:722 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein 681:722 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein 681:722 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein was 21.1kDa and revealed the typical features of known TNFAIP8L2 members including the DED-like domain. 24583177 11 95 from transcription 1557:1569 arg1 tissues 1581:1587 eleven tissues 1574:1587 eleven tissues 1574:1587 Analysis of basal transcription in eleven tissues revealed its constitutive expression in examined tissues with highest magnitude in the head kidney. 24583177 12 96 theme kidney 1760:1765 arg1 post-challenges 1767:1781 head kidney post-challenges 1755:1781 head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) 1755:1868 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 10 97 theme TNFAIP8L2 1464:1472 arg1 region 1443:1448 Promoter proximal region 1425:1448 Promoter proximal region of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 1425:1472 Promoter proximal region of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 consisted of multiple immune responsive cis-regulatory elements. 24583177 5 98 theme TNFAIP8L2 706:714 arg1 21.1kDa 728:734 21.1kDa 728:734 21.1kDa 728:734 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein was 21.1kDa and revealed the typical features of known TNFAIP8L2 members including the DED-like domain. 24583177 5 98 theme TNFAIP8L2 706:714 arg1 protein 716:722 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein 681:722 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein 681:722 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein was 21.1kDa and revealed the typical features of known TNFAIP8L2 members including the DED-like domain. 24583177 9 99 theme dipartite 1336:1344 arg1 structure 1346:1354 a dipartite structure 1334:1354 a dipartite structure suggesting the loss of an intron during the post-piscine speciation 1334:1422 While teleost TNFAIP8L2s manifest a tripartite arrangement, non-teleost counterparts demonstrate a dipartite structure suggesting the loss of an intron during the post-piscine speciation. 24583177 1 100 theme immune 211:216 arg1 protein 152:158 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 116:167 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2) 116:179 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2) is a newly described negative immune regulator, whose enigmatic biological functions are not clearly understood. 24583177 1 100 theme immune 211:216 arg1 regulator 218:226 a newly described negative immune regulator 184:226 a newly described negative immune regulator 184:226 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2) is a newly described negative immune regulator, whose enigmatic biological functions are not clearly understood. 24583177 7 101 with relationship 1004:1015 arg1 counterpart 1048:1058 the corresponding tilapia counterpart 1022:1058 the corresponding tilapia counterpart 1022:1058 It showed a certain degree of homology and phylogenetic relationship with the corresponding tilapia counterpart. 24583177 10 102 theme cis-regulatory 1514:1527 arg1 elements 1529:1536 multiple immune responsive cis-regulatory elements 1487:1536 multiple immune responsive cis-regulatory elements 1487:1536 Promoter proximal region of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 consisted of multiple immune responsive cis-regulatory elements. 24583177 12 103 dep Streptococcus 1833:1845 arg1 iniae 1847:1851 Streptococcus iniae 1833:1851 Streptococcus iniae 1833:1851 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 3 104 theme TNFAIP8L2 448:456 arg1 composition 422:432 The genomic composition 410:432 The genomic composition of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 (~6.7 kb) 410:466 The genomic composition of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 (~6.7 kb) represented a tripartite arrangement in which three exons are interrupted by two introns. 24583177 5 105 theme known 773:777 arg1 members 789:795 known TNFAIP8L2 members 773:795 known TNFAIP8L2 members 773:795 The predicted rock bream TNFAIP8L2 protein was 21.1kDa and revealed the typical features of known TNFAIP8L2 members including the DED-like domain. 24583177 12 106 with post-challenges 1767:1781 arg1 virus 1863:1867 irido virus 1857:1867 irido virus 1857:1867 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 12 106 with post-challenges 1767:1781 arg1 stimulants 1788:1797 stimulants 1788:1797 stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) 1788:1816 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 12 106 with post-challenges 1767:1781 arg1 Streptococcus 1833:1845 Streptococcus 1833:1845 Streptococcus 1833:1845 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 12 106 with post-challenges 1767:1781 arg1 pathogens 1822:1830 pathogens 1822:1830 pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) 1822:1868 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 12 107 theme bream 1736:1740 arg1 TNFAIP8L2 1742:1750 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 1731:1750 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 1731:1750 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 10 108 theme immune 1496:1501 arg1 elements 1529:1536 multiple immune responsive cis-regulatory elements 1487:1536 multiple immune responsive cis-regulatory elements 1487:1536 Promoter proximal region of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 consisted of multiple immune responsive cis-regulatory elements. 24583177 3 109 theme rock 437:440 arg1 TNFAIP8L2 448:456 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 437:456 rock bream TNFAIP8L2 (~6.7 kb) 437:466 The genomic composition of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 (~6.7 kb) represented a tripartite arrangement in which three exons are interrupted by two introns. 24583177 3 109 theme rock 437:440 arg1 kb 464:465 ~6.7 kb 459:465 ~6.7 kb 459:465 The genomic composition of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 (~6.7 kb) represented a tripartite arrangement in which three exons are interrupted by two introns. 24583177 0 110 theme molecular 27:35 arg1 characterization 37:52 molecular characterization 27:52 molecular characterization 27:52 Genomic identification and molecular characterization of a non-mammalian TNFAIP8L2 gene from Oplegnathus fasciatus. 24583177 12 111 theme modulated 1693:1701 arg1 stimulant-specific 1874:1891 stimulant-specific 1874:1891 stimulant-specific 1874:1891 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 12 111 theme modulated 1693:1701 arg1 expression 1717:1726 The modulated temporal mRNA expression 1689:1726 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) 1689:1868 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 4 112 theme rock 562:565 arg1 transcript 583:592 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript 558:592 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript (1974 bp) 558:602 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript (1974 bp) possessed a coding sequence of 561 bp encoding a peptide of 186 amino acids. 24583177 4 112 theme rock 562:565 arg1 bp 600:601 1974 bp 595:601 1974 bp 595:601 The rock bream TNFAIP8L2 transcript (1974 bp) possessed a coding sequence of 561 bp encoding a peptide of 186 amino acids. 24583177 8 113 theme genomic 1086:1092 arg1 comparison 1109:1118 an interspecies genomic organizational comparison 1070:1118 an interspecies genomic organizational comparison of TNFAIP8L2 orthologs 1070:1141 Based on an interspecies genomic organizational comparison of TNFAIP8L2 orthologs, they could be classified into two classes, with teleost and non-teleost origin respectively. 24583177 12 114 theme mRNA 1712:1715 arg1 stimulant-specific 1874:1891 stimulant-specific 1874:1891 stimulant-specific 1874:1891 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 12 114 theme mRNA 1712:1715 arg1 expression 1717:1726 The modulated temporal mRNA expression 1689:1726 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) 1689:1868 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 0 115 theme non-mammalian 59:71 arg1 gene 83:86 a non-mammalian TNFAIP8L2 gene 57:86 a non-mammalian TNFAIP8L2 gene from Oplegnathus fasciatus 57:113 Genomic identification and molecular characterization of a non-mammalian TNFAIP8L2 gene from Oplegnathus fasciatus. 24583177 6 116 theme Rock 828:831 arg1 TNFAIP8L2 839:847 Rock bream TNFAIP8L2 828:847 Rock bream TNFAIP8L2 828:847 Rock bream TNFAIP8L2 was composed of six α-helices and demonstrated a distinct folding pattern of the TNFAIP8L2 family. 24583177 12 117 theme irido 1857:1861 arg1 virus 1863:1867 irido virus 1857:1867 irido virus 1857:1867 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 12 117 theme irido 1857:1861 arg1 pathogens 1822:1830 pathogens 1822:1830 pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) 1822:1868 The modulated temporal mRNA expression of rock bream TNFAIP8L2 in head kidney post-challenges with stimulants (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Streptococcus iniae and irido virus) was stimulant-specific. 24583177 11 118 theme highest 1651:1657 arg1 magnitude 1659:1667 highest magnitude 1651:1667 highest magnitude in the head kidney 1651:1686 Analysis of basal transcription in eleven tissues revealed its constitutive expression in examined tissues with highest magnitude in the head kidney. 24583177 2 119 theme rock 341:344 arg1 bream 346:350 rock bream 341:350 rock bream 341:350 In the present study, the TNFAIP8L2 homolog of rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) was identified and characterized. 24583177 9 120 theme post-piscine 1400:1411 arg1 speciation 1413:1422 the post-piscine speciation 1396:1422 the post-piscine speciation 1396:1422 While teleost TNFAIP8L2s manifest a tripartite arrangement, non-teleost counterparts demonstrate a dipartite structure suggesting the loss of an intron during the post-piscine speciation. 24583177 8 121 theme TNFAIP8L2 1123:1131 arg1 orthologs 1133:1141 TNFAIP8L2 orthologs 1123:1141 TNFAIP8L2 orthologs 1123:1141 Based on an interspecies genomic organizational comparison of TNFAIP8L2 orthologs, they could be classified into two classes, with teleost and non-teleost origin respectively. 24583177 1 122 theme enigmatic 235:243 arg1 functions 256:264 enigmatic biological functions 235:264 enigmatic biological functions 235:264 Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2) is a newly described negative immune regulator, whose enigmatic biological functions are not clearly understood. 24583177 11 123 theme head 1676:1679 arg1 kidney 1681:1686 the head kidney 1672:1686 the head kidney 1672:1686 Analysis of basal transcription in eleven tissues revealed its constitutive expression in examined tissues with highest magnitude in the head kidney. 27048592 1 0 link O-linked 106:113 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 115:133 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 106:133 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) 106:164 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 7 1 theme predicted 1125:1133 arg1 isoforms 1139:1146 all the predicted OGT isoforms 1117:1146 all the predicted OGT isoforms 1117:1146 Knockdown experiments and Western blot analysis of all the predicted OGT isoforms suggested the expression of only a single OGT isoform. 27048592 1 2 theme O-GlcNAc 386:393 arg1 moieties 395:402 the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues 382:440 the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues 382:440 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 1 3 theme post-translational 198:215 arg1 modification 135:146 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification 106:146 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) 106:164 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 1 3 theme post-translational 198:215 arg1 PTM 231:233 PTM 231:233 PTM 231:233 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 1 3 theme post-translational 198:215 arg1 modification 217:228 a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification 169:228 a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM) 169:234 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 1 4 theme O-GlcNAc 287:294 arg1 enzymes 278:284 two enzymes 274:284 two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively 274:472 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 1 4 theme O-GlcNAc 287:294 arg1 transferase 296:306 O-GlcNAc transferase 287:306 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) 287:312 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 1 4 theme O-GlcNAc 287:294 arg1 OGA 331:333 OGA 331:333 OGA 331:333 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 1 4 theme O-GlcNAc 287:294 arg1 OGT 309:311 OGT 309:311 OGT 309:311 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 2 5 theme O-GlcNAcylation 519:533 arg1 involvement 504:514 involvement 504:514 involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in many biological processes, including transcription, signalling, neuronal development and mitochondrial function 504:648 Increasing evidence suggests involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in many biological processes, including transcription, signalling, neuronal development and mitochondrial function. 27048592 7 6 theme OGT 1135:1137 arg1 isoforms 1139:1146 all the predicted OGT isoforms 1117:1146 all the predicted OGT isoforms 1117:1146 Knockdown experiments and Western blot analysis of all the predicted OGT isoforms suggested the expression of only a single OGT isoform. 27048592 1 7 theme proteins 452:459 arg1 addition 354:361 the addition 350:361 the addition 350:361 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 1 7 theme proteins 452:459 arg1 removal 371:377 the removal 367:377 the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively 367:472 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 8 8 theme increased 1316:1324 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1326:1340 increased O-GlcNAcylation 1316:1340 increased O-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial proteins 1316:1366 In agreement with this, we demonstrate that overexpression of the nucleocytoplasmic OGT (ncOGT) isoform leads to increased O-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial proteins, suggesting that ncOGT is necessary and sufficient for the generation of the O-GlcNAc mitochondrial proteome. 27048592 1 9 dep enzymes 278:284 arg1 O-GlcNAcase 318:328 O-GlcNAcase 318:328 O-GlcNAcase 318:328 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 1 9 dep enzymes 278:284 arg1 transferase 296:306 O-GlcNAc transferase 287:306 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) 287:312 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 1 9 dep enzymes 278:284 arg1 enzymes 278:284 two enzymes 274:284 two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively 274:472 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 1 9 dep enzymes 278:284 arg1 OGA 331:333 OGA 331:333 OGA 331:333 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 1 9 dep enzymes 278:284 arg1 OGT 309:311 OGT 309:311 OGT 309:311 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 4 10 attach presence 775:782 arg1 lines 806:810 human cell lines 795:810 human cell lines 795:810 We explored the presence of mOGT in human cell lines and mouse tissues. 27048592 4 10 attach presence 775:782 arg1 tissues 822:828 mouse tissues 816:828 mouse tissues 816:828 We explored the presence of mOGT in human cell lines and mouse tissues. 27048592 4 10 attach presence 775:782 arg2 mOGT 787:790 mOGT 787:790 mOGT 787:790 We explored the presence of mOGT in human cell lines and mouse tissues. 27048592 3 11 theme mitochondrial 707:719 arg1 mOGT 726:729 mOGT 726:729 mOGT 726:729 The presence of a mitochondrial O-GlcNAc proteome and a mitochondrial OGT (mOGT) isoform has been reported. 27048592 3 11 theme mitochondrial 707:719 arg1 OGT 721:723 a mitochondrial OGT 705:723 a mitochondrial OGT (mOGT) isoform 705:738 The presence of a mitochondrial O-GlcNAc proteome and a mitochondrial OGT (mOGT) isoform has been reported. 27048592 8 12 theme mitochondrial 1345:1357 arg1 proteins 1359:1366 mitochondrial proteins 1345:1366 mitochondrial proteins 1345:1366 In agreement with this, we demonstrate that overexpression of the nucleocytoplasmic OGT (ncOGT) isoform leads to increased O-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial proteins, suggesting that ncOGT is necessary and sufficient for the generation of the O-GlcNAc mitochondrial proteome. 27048592 8 13 with agreement 1206:1214 arg1 this 1221:1224 this 1221:1224 this 1221:1224 In agreement with this, we demonstrate that overexpression of the nucleocytoplasmic OGT (ncOGT) isoform leads to increased O-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial proteins, suggesting that ncOGT is necessary and sufficient for the generation of the O-GlcNAc mitochondrial proteome. 27048592 4 14 theme mOGT 787:790 arg1 presence 775:782 the presence 771:782 the presence of mOGT in human cell lines and mouse tissues 771:828 We explored the presence of mOGT in human cell lines and mouse tissues. 27048592 8 15 theme O-GlcNAc 1445:1452 arg1 proteome 1468:1475 the O-GlcNAc mitochondrial proteome 1441:1475 the O-GlcNAc mitochondrial proteome 1441:1475 In agreement with this, we demonstrate that overexpression of the nucleocytoplasmic OGT (ncOGT) isoform leads to increased O-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial proteins, suggesting that ncOGT is necessary and sufficient for the generation of the O-GlcNAc mitochondrial proteome. 27048592 4 16 theme cell 801:804 arg1 lines 806:810 human cell lines 795:810 human cell lines 795:810 We explored the presence of mOGT in human cell lines and mouse tissues. 27048592 7 17 theme OGT 1190:1192 arg1 isoform 1194:1200 only a single OGT isoform 1176:1200 only a single OGT isoform 1176:1200 Knockdown experiments and Western blot analysis of all the predicted OGT isoforms suggested the expression of only a single OGT isoform. 27048592 4 18 theme mouse 816:820 arg1 tissues 822:828 mouse tissues 816:828 mouse tissues 816:828 We explored the presence of mOGT in human cell lines and mouse tissues. 27048592 7 19 theme isoform 1194:1200 arg1 expression 1162:1171 the expression 1158:1171 the expression of only a single OGT isoform 1158:1200 Knockdown experiments and Western blot analysis of all the predicted OGT isoforms suggested the expression of only a single OGT isoform. 27048592 6 20 theme endogenous 1018:1027 arg1 mOGT 1029:1032 endogenous mOGT 1018:1032 endogenous mOGT 1018:1032 In addition, we were not able to detect endogenous mOGT in a range of human cell lines. 27048592 2 21 theme Increasing 475:484 arg1 evidence 486:493 Increasing evidence 475:493 Increasing evidence 475:493 Increasing evidence suggests involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in many biological processes, including transcription, signalling, neuronal development and mitochondrial function. 27048592 0 22 theme human 18:22 arg1 transferase 33:43 Nucleocytoplasmic human O-GlcNAc transferase 0:43 Nucleocytoplasmic human O-GlcNAc transferase 0:43 Nucleocytoplasmic human O-GlcNAc transferase is sufficient for O-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial proteins. 27048592 0 23 theme proteins 96:103 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 63:77 O-GlcNAcylation 63:77 O-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial proteins 63:103 Nucleocytoplasmic human O-GlcNAc transferase is sufficient for O-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial proteins. 27048592 7 24 theme Western 1092:1098 arg1 analysis 1105:1112 Western blot analysis 1092:1112 Western blot analysis of all the predicted OGT isoforms 1092:1146 Knockdown experiments and Western blot analysis of all the predicted OGT isoforms suggested the expression of only a single OGT isoform. 27048592 2 25 theme biological 543:552 arg1 transcription 575:587 transcription 575:587 transcription 575:587 Increasing evidence suggests involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in many biological processes, including transcription, signalling, neuronal development and mitochondrial function. 27048592 2 25 theme biological 543:552 arg1 signalling 590:599 signalling 590:599 signalling 590:599 Increasing evidence suggests involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in many biological processes, including transcription, signalling, neuronal development and mitochondrial function. 27048592 2 25 theme biological 543:552 arg1 development 611:621 neuronal development 602:621 neuronal development 602:621 Increasing evidence suggests involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in many biological processes, including transcription, signalling, neuronal development and mitochondrial function. 27048592 2 25 theme biological 543:552 arg1 processes 554:562 many biological processes 538:562 many biological processes 538:562 Increasing evidence suggests involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in many biological processes, including transcription, signalling, neuronal development and mitochondrial function. 27048592 2 25 theme biological 543:552 arg1 function 641:648 mitochondrial function 627:648 mitochondrial function 627:648 Increasing evidence suggests involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in many biological processes, including transcription, signalling, neuronal development and mitochondrial function. 27048592 1 26 theme O-linked 106:113 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 115:133 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 106:133 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) 106:164 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 0 27 theme Nucleocytoplasmic 0:16 arg1 transferase 33:43 Nucleocytoplasmic human O-GlcNAc transferase 0:43 Nucleocytoplasmic human O-GlcNAc transferase 0:43 Nucleocytoplasmic human O-GlcNAc transferase is sufficient for O-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial proteins. 27048592 7 28 theme blot 1100:1103 arg1 analysis 1105:1112 Western blot analysis 1092:1112 Western blot analysis of all the predicted OGT isoforms 1092:1146 Knockdown experiments and Western blot analysis of all the predicted OGT isoforms suggested the expression of only a single OGT isoform. 27048592 1 29 theme N-acetylglucosamine 115:133 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 149:163 O-GlcNAcylation 149:163 O-GlcNAcylation 149:163 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 1 29 theme N-acetylglucosamine 115:133 arg1 modification 135:146 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification 106:146 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) 106:164 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 1 29 theme N-acetylglucosamine 115:133 arg1 modification 217:228 a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification 169:228 a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM) 169:234 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 3 30 theme OGT 721:723 arg1 isoform 732:738 a mitochondrial OGT (mOGT) isoform 705:738 a mitochondrial OGT (mOGT) isoform 705:738 The presence of a mitochondrial O-GlcNAc proteome and a mitochondrial OGT (mOGT) isoform has been reported. 27048592 5 31 theme genomic 857:863 arg1 sequences 865:873 genomic sequences 857:873 genomic sequences 857:873 Surprisingly, analysis of genomic sequences indicates that this isoform cannot be expressed in most of the species analysed, except some primates. 27048592 2 32 theme neuronal 602:609 arg1 development 611:621 neuronal development 602:621 neuronal development 602:621 Increasing evidence suggests involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in many biological processes, including transcription, signalling, neuronal development and mitochondrial function. 27048592 4 33 theme human 795:799 arg1 lines 806:810 human cell lines 795:810 human cell lines 795:810 We explored the presence of mOGT in human cell lines and mouse tissues. 27048592 6 34 theme lines 1059:1063 arg1 range 1039:1043 a range 1037:1043 a range of human cell lines 1037:1063 In addition, we were not able to detect endogenous mOGT in a range of human cell lines. 27048592 0 35 theme O-GlcNAc 24:31 arg1 transferase 33:43 Nucleocytoplasmic human O-GlcNAc transferase 0:43 Nucleocytoplasmic human O-GlcNAc transferase 0:43 Nucleocytoplasmic human O-GlcNAc transferase is sufficient for O-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial proteins. 27048592 1 36 theme moieties 395:402 arg1 addition 354:361 the addition 350:361 the addition 350:361 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 1 36 theme moieties 395:402 arg1 removal 371:377 the removal 367:377 the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively 367:472 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 6 37 theme cell 1054:1057 arg1 lines 1059:1063 human cell lines 1048:1063 human cell lines 1048:1063 In addition, we were not able to detect endogenous mOGT in a range of human cell lines. 27048592 1 38 theme to/from 404:410 arg1 serine 412:417 to/from serine 404:417 to/from serine 404:417 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 6 39 theme human 1048:1052 arg1 lines 1059:1063 human cell lines 1048:1063 human cell lines 1048:1063 In addition, we were not able to detect endogenous mOGT in a range of human cell lines. 27048592 7 40 theme Knockdown 1066:1074 arg1 experiments 1076:1086 Knockdown experiments 1066:1086 Knockdown experiments 1066:1086 Knockdown experiments and Western blot analysis of all the predicted OGT isoforms suggested the expression of only a single OGT isoform. 27048592 8 41 theme OGT 1287:1289 arg1 isoform 1299:1305 the nucleocytoplasmic OGT (ncOGT) isoform 1265:1305 the nucleocytoplasmic OGT (ncOGT) isoform 1265:1305 In agreement with this, we demonstrate that overexpression of the nucleocytoplasmic OGT (ncOGT) isoform leads to increased O-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial proteins, suggesting that ncOGT is necessary and sufficient for the generation of the O-GlcNAc mitochondrial proteome. 27048592 8 42 theme nucleocytoplasmic 1269:1285 arg1 isoform 1299:1305 the nucleocytoplasmic OGT (ncOGT) isoform 1265:1305 the nucleocytoplasmic OGT (ncOGT) isoform 1265:1305 In agreement with this, we demonstrate that overexpression of the nucleocytoplasmic OGT (ncOGT) isoform leads to increased O-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial proteins, suggesting that ncOGT is necessary and sufficient for the generation of the O-GlcNAc mitochondrial proteome. 27048592 7 43 theme isoforms 1139:1146 arg1 analysis 1105:1112 Western blot analysis 1092:1112 Western blot analysis of all the predicted OGT isoforms 1092:1146 Knockdown experiments and Western blot analysis of all the predicted OGT isoforms suggested the expression of only a single OGT isoform. 27048592 7 43 theme isoforms 1139:1146 arg1 experiments 1076:1086 Knockdown experiments 1066:1086 Knockdown experiments 1066:1086 Knockdown experiments and Western blot analysis of all the predicted OGT isoforms suggested the expression of only a single OGT isoform. 27048592 5 44 theme sequences 865:873 arg1 analysis 845:852 analysis 845:852 analysis of genomic sequences 845:873 Surprisingly, analysis of genomic sequences indicates that this isoform cannot be expressed in most of the species analysed, except some primates. 27048592 8 45 theme proteome 1468:1475 arg1 generation 1427:1436 the generation 1423:1436 the generation of the O-GlcNAc mitochondrial proteome 1423:1475 In agreement with this, we demonstrate that overexpression of the nucleocytoplasmic OGT (ncOGT) isoform leads to increased O-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial proteins, suggesting that ncOGT is necessary and sufficient for the generation of the O-GlcNAc mitochondrial proteome. 27048592 8 46 theme ncOGT 1292:1296 arg1 isoform 1299:1305 the nucleocytoplasmic OGT (ncOGT) isoform 1265:1305 the nucleocytoplasmic OGT (ncOGT) isoform 1265:1305 In agreement with this, we demonstrate that overexpression of the nucleocytoplasmic OGT (ncOGT) isoform leads to increased O-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial proteins, suggesting that ncOGT is necessary and sufficient for the generation of the O-GlcNAc mitochondrial proteome. 27048592 2 47 theme mitochondrial 627:639 arg1 function 641:648 mitochondrial function 627:648 mitochondrial function 627:648 Increasing evidence suggests involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in many biological processes, including transcription, signalling, neuronal development and mitochondrial function. 27048592 1 48 theme threonine 423:431 arg1 residues 433:440 threonine residues 423:440 threonine residues 423:440 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 6 49 from able 1003:1006 arg1 addition 981:988 addition 981:988 addition 981:988 In addition, we were not able to detect endogenous mOGT in a range of human cell lines. 27048592 4 50 from presence 775:782 arg1 lines 806:810 human cell lines 795:810 human cell lines 795:810 We explored the presence of mOGT in human cell lines and mouse tissues. 27048592 4 50 from presence 775:782 arg1 tissues 822:828 mouse tissues 816:828 mouse tissues 816:828 We explored the presence of mOGT in human cell lines and mouse tissues. 27048592 6 51 from addition 981:988 arg1 able 1003:1006 able 1003:1006 able 1003:1006 In addition, we were not able to detect endogenous mOGT in a range of human cell lines. 27048592 3 52 theme isoform 732:738 arg1 presence 655:662 The presence 651:662 The presence of a mitochondrial O-GlcNAc proteome and a mitochondrial OGT (mOGT) isoform 651:738 The presence of a mitochondrial O-GlcNAc proteome and a mitochondrial OGT (mOGT) isoform has been reported. 27048592 3 53 theme O-GlcNAc 683:690 arg1 proteome 692:699 a mitochondrial O-GlcNAc proteome 667:699 a mitochondrial O-GlcNAc proteome 667:699 The presence of a mitochondrial O-GlcNAc proteome and a mitochondrial OGT (mOGT) isoform has been reported. 27048592 8 54 theme isoform 1299:1305 arg1 overexpression 1247:1260 overexpression 1247:1260 overexpression of the nucleocytoplasmic OGT (ncOGT) isoform 1247:1305 In agreement with this, we demonstrate that overexpression of the nucleocytoplasmic OGT (ncOGT) isoform leads to increased O-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial proteins, suggesting that ncOGT is necessary and sufficient for the generation of the O-GlcNAc mitochondrial proteome. 27048592 8 55 theme proteins 1359:1366 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1326:1340 increased O-GlcNAcylation 1316:1340 increased O-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial proteins 1316:1366 In agreement with this, we demonstrate that overexpression of the nucleocytoplasmic OGT (ncOGT) isoform leads to increased O-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial proteins, suggesting that ncOGT is necessary and sufficient for the generation of the O-GlcNAc mitochondrial proteome. 27048592 8 56 theme mitochondrial 1454:1466 arg1 proteome 1468:1475 the O-GlcNAc mitochondrial proteome 1441:1475 the O-GlcNAc mitochondrial proteome 1441:1475 In agreement with this, we demonstrate that overexpression of the nucleocytoplasmic OGT (ncOGT) isoform leads to increased O-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial proteins, suggesting that ncOGT is necessary and sufficient for the generation of the O-GlcNAc mitochondrial proteome. 27048592 3 57 theme proteome 692:699 arg1 presence 655:662 The presence 651:662 The presence of a mitochondrial O-GlcNAc proteome and a mitochondrial OGT (mOGT) isoform 651:738 The presence of a mitochondrial O-GlcNAc proteome and a mitochondrial OGT (mOGT) isoform has been reported. 27048592 0 58 theme mitochondrial 82:94 arg1 proteins 96:103 mitochondrial proteins 82:103 mitochondrial proteins 82:103 Nucleocytoplasmic human O-GlcNAc transferase is sufficient for O-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial proteins. 27048592 1 59 theme target 445:450 arg1 proteins 452:459 target proteins 445:459 target proteins 445:459 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 2 60 from involvement 504:514 arg1 transcription 575:587 transcription 575:587 transcription 575:587 Increasing evidence suggests involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in many biological processes, including transcription, signalling, neuronal development and mitochondrial function. 27048592 2 60 from involvement 504:514 arg1 signalling 590:599 signalling 590:599 signalling 590:599 Increasing evidence suggests involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in many biological processes, including transcription, signalling, neuronal development and mitochondrial function. 27048592 2 60 from involvement 504:514 arg1 development 611:621 neuronal development 602:621 neuronal development 602:621 Increasing evidence suggests involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in many biological processes, including transcription, signalling, neuronal development and mitochondrial function. 27048592 2 60 from involvement 504:514 arg1 processes 554:562 many biological processes 538:562 many biological processes 538:562 Increasing evidence suggests involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in many biological processes, including transcription, signalling, neuronal development and mitochondrial function. 27048592 2 60 from involvement 504:514 arg1 function 641:648 mitochondrial function 627:648 mitochondrial function 627:648 Increasing evidence suggests involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in many biological processes, including transcription, signalling, neuronal development and mitochondrial function. 27048592 1 61 theme nutrient-dependent 171:188 arg1 modification 135:146 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification 106:146 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) 106:164 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 1 61 theme nutrient-dependent 171:188 arg1 PTM 231:233 PTM 231:233 PTM 231:233 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 1 61 theme nutrient-dependent 171:188 arg1 modification 217:228 a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification 169:228 a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM) 169:234 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 1 62 dep moieties 395:402 arg1 serine 412:417 to/from serine 404:417 to/from serine 404:417 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 1 62 dep moieties 395:402 arg1 residues 433:440 threonine residues 423:440 threonine residues 423:440 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 2 63 theme many 538:541 arg1 transcription 575:587 transcription 575:587 transcription 575:587 Increasing evidence suggests involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in many biological processes, including transcription, signalling, neuronal development and mitochondrial function. 27048592 2 63 theme many 538:541 arg1 signalling 590:599 signalling 590:599 signalling 590:599 Increasing evidence suggests involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in many biological processes, including transcription, signalling, neuronal development and mitochondrial function. 27048592 2 63 theme many 538:541 arg1 development 611:621 neuronal development 602:621 neuronal development 602:621 Increasing evidence suggests involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in many biological processes, including transcription, signalling, neuronal development and mitochondrial function. 27048592 2 63 theme many 538:541 arg1 processes 554:562 many biological processes 538:562 many biological processes 538:562 Increasing evidence suggests involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in many biological processes, including transcription, signalling, neuronal development and mitochondrial function. 27048592 2 63 theme many 538:541 arg1 function 641:648 mitochondrial function 627:648 mitochondrial function 627:648 Increasing evidence suggests involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in many biological processes, including transcription, signalling, neuronal development and mitochondrial function. 27048592 3 64 theme mitochondrial 669:681 arg1 proteome 692:699 a mitochondrial O-GlcNAc proteome 667:699 a mitochondrial O-GlcNAc proteome 667:699 The presence of a mitochondrial O-GlcNAc proteome and a mitochondrial OGT (mOGT) isoform has been reported. 27048592 1 65 theme protein 190:196 arg1 modification 135:146 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification 106:146 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) 106:164 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 1 65 theme protein 190:196 arg1 PTM 231:233 PTM 231:233 PTM 231:233 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 1 65 theme protein 190:196 arg1 modification 217:228 a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification 169:228 a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM) 169:234 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-dependent protein post-translational modification (PTM), dynamically and reversibly driven by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that catalyse the addition and the removal of the O-GlcNAc moieties to/from serine and threonine residues of target proteins respectively. 27048592 7 66 theme single 1183:1188 arg1 isoform 1194:1200 only a single OGT isoform 1176:1200 only a single OGT isoform 1176:1200 Knockdown experiments and Western blot analysis of all the predicted OGT isoforms suggested the expression of only a single OGT isoform. 24699331 3 0 from phosphorylation 380:394 arg1 liver 403:407 the liver 399:407 the liver 399:407 With an animal model of critical-illness diabetes, we found insulin-induced IR tyrosine phosphorylation in the liver was impaired as early as 15 min following trauma and hemorrhage. 24699331 9 1 from defects 1426:1432 arg1 activity 1440:1447 IR activity 1437:1447 IR activity 1437:1447 The present studies suggest potential mechanisms of hemorrhage-induced defects in IR activity and a potential role for acutely decreased O-GlcNac and increased serine phosphorylation of the IR. 24699331 8 2 theme neighboring 1284:1294 arg1 residues 1304:1311 neighboring Ser/Thr residues 1284:1311 neighboring Ser/Thr residues 1284:1311 These findings suggest that a balance between O-GlcNac modification and JNK-induced phosphorylation may exist, with decreased Ser/Thr O-GlcNac modification following trauma and hemorrhage, allowing JNK to phosphorylate the IR on neighboring Ser/Thr residues, which subsequently inhibits IR activity. 24699331 5 3 from change 744:749 arg1 nitration 766:774 IR tyrosine nitration 754:774 IR tyrosine nitration 754:774 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 3 4 dep found 346:350 arg1 impaired 413:420 impaired 413:420 impaired 413:420 With an animal model of critical-illness diabetes, we found insulin-induced IR tyrosine phosphorylation in the liver was impaired as early as 15 min following trauma and hemorrhage. 24699331 8 5 theme O-GlcNac 1101:1108 arg1 modification 1110:1121 O-GlcNac modification 1101:1121 O-GlcNac modification 1101:1121 These findings suggest that a balance between O-GlcNac modification and JNK-induced phosphorylation may exist, with decreased Ser/Thr O-GlcNac modification following trauma and hemorrhage, allowing JNK to phosphorylate the IR on neighboring Ser/Thr residues, which subsequently inhibits IR activity. 24699331 1 6 theme insulin 142:148 arg1 resistance 150:159 insulin resistance 142:159 insulin resistance 142:159 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance, including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. 24699331 9 7 theme potential 1383:1391 arg1 mechanisms 1393:1402 potential mechanisms 1383:1402 potential mechanisms of hemorrhage-induced defects in IR activity 1383:1447 The present studies suggest potential mechanisms of hemorrhage-induced defects in IR activity and a potential role for acutely decreased O-GlcNac and increased serine phosphorylation of the IR. 24699331 3 8 theme diabetes 333:340 arg1 model 307:311 an animal model 297:311 an animal model of critical-illness diabetes 297:340 With an animal model of critical-illness diabetes, we found insulin-induced IR tyrosine phosphorylation in the liver was impaired as early as 15 min following trauma and hemorrhage. 24699331 1 9 located found 115:119 arg2 activity 97:104 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity 66:104 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity 66:104 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance, including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. 24699331 1 9 located found 115:119 arg1 models 132:137 various models 124:137 various models 124:137 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance, including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. 24699331 1 9 located found 115:119 arg1 models 172:177 models 172:177 models of injury or critical illness 172:207 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance, including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. 24699331 1 9 located found 115:119 arg1 diabetes 220:227 Type 2 diabetes 213:227 Type 2 diabetes 213:227 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance, including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. 24699331 5 10 theme subunits 634:641 arg1 localization 660:671 the membrane localization 647:671 the membrane localization of the IR 647:681 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 5 10 theme subunits 634:641 arg1 IR 680:681 the IR 676:681 the IR 676:681 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 5 10 theme subunits 634:641 arg1 amounts 603:609 The total amounts 593:609 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits 593:641 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 5 10 theme subunits 634:641 arg1 IRα 622:624 hepatic IRα 614:624 hepatic IRα 614:624 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 5 10 theme subunits 634:641 arg1 subunits 634:641 IRβ subunits 630:641 IRβ subunits 630:641 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 2 11 theme IR 264:265 arg1 function 267:274 IR function 264:274 IR function 264:274 However, mechanisms that modulate IR function remain unclear. 24699331 4 12 theme posttranslational 560:576 arg1 modifications 578:590 IR posttranslational modifications 557:590 IR posttranslational modifications 557:590 Possible mechanisms for this defect were examined, including IR protein levels and IR posttranslational modifications. 24699331 7 13 theme JNK 1050:1052 arg1 involvement 1035:1045 an involvement 1032:1045 an involvement of JNK 1032:1052 Inhibition of JNK increased IR O-GlcNac modification, implicating an involvement of JNK. 24699331 1 14 theme Impaired 66:73 arg1 IR 93:94 IR 93:94 IR 93:94 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance, including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. 24699331 1 14 theme Impaired 66:73 arg1 receptor 83:90 Impaired insulin receptor 66:90 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity 66:104 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance, including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. 24699331 4 15 theme IR 557:558 arg1 modifications 578:590 IR posttranslational modifications 557:590 IR posttranslational modifications 557:590 Possible mechanisms for this defect were examined, including IR protein levels and IR posttranslational modifications. 24699331 6 16 from decrease 821:828 arg1 Ser/Thr 912:918 Ser/Thr 912:918 Ser/Thr 912:918 However, there was a decrease in the level of protein O-linked β-N-acetlyglucosamine (O-GlcNac) modification on Ser/Thr in the liver following trauma and hemorrhage. 24699331 6 16 from decrease 821:828 arg1 liver 927:931 the liver 923:931 the liver following trauma and hemorrhage 923:963 However, there was a decrease in the level of protein O-linked β-N-acetlyglucosamine (O-GlcNac) modification on Ser/Thr in the liver following trauma and hemorrhage. 24699331 6 16 from decrease 821:828 arg1 level 837:841 the level 833:841 the level of protein O-linked β-N-acetlyglucosamine (O-GlcNac) modification 833:907 However, there was a decrease in the level of protein O-linked β-N-acetlyglucosamine (O-GlcNac) modification on Ser/Thr in the liver following trauma and hemorrhage. 24699331 9 17 theme present 1359:1365 arg1 studies 1367:1373 The present studies 1355:1373 The present studies 1355:1373 The present studies suggest potential mechanisms of hemorrhage-induced defects in IR activity and a potential role for acutely decreased O-GlcNac and increased serine phosphorylation of the IR. 24699331 5 18 theme total 597:601 arg1 IR 680:681 the IR 676:681 the IR 676:681 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 5 18 theme total 597:601 arg1 amounts 603:609 The total amounts 593:609 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits 593:641 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 5 18 theme total 597:601 arg1 IRα 622:624 hepatic IRα 614:624 hepatic IRα 614:624 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 5 18 theme total 597:601 arg1 subunits 634:641 IRβ subunits 630:641 IRβ subunits 630:641 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 1 19 theme insulin 75:81 arg1 IR 93:94 IR 93:94 IR 93:94 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance, including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. 24699331 1 19 theme insulin 75:81 arg1 receptor 83:90 Impaired insulin receptor 66:90 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity 66:104 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance, including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. 24699331 1 20 theme resistance 150:159 arg1 models 132:137 various models 124:137 various models 124:137 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance, including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. 24699331 1 20 theme resistance 150:159 arg1 models 172:177 models 172:177 models of injury or critical illness 172:207 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance, including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. 24699331 1 20 theme resistance 150:159 arg1 diabetes 220:227 Type 2 diabetes 213:227 Type 2 diabetes 213:227 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance, including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. 24699331 3 21 theme critical-illness 316:331 arg1 diabetes 333:340 critical-illness diabetes 316:340 critical-illness diabetes 316:340 With an animal model of critical-illness diabetes, we found insulin-induced IR tyrosine phosphorylation in the liver was impaired as early as 15 min following trauma and hemorrhage. 24699331 1 22 theme receptor 83:90 arg1 activity 97:104 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity 66:104 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity 66:104 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance, including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. 24699331 8 23 theme Ser/Thr 1181:1187 arg1 modification 1198:1209 decreased Ser/Thr O-GlcNac modification 1171:1209 decreased Ser/Thr O-GlcNac modification following trauma and hemorrhage 1171:1241 These findings suggest that a balance between O-GlcNac modification and JNK-induced phosphorylation may exist, with decreased Ser/Thr O-GlcNac modification following trauma and hemorrhage, allowing JNK to phosphorylate the IR on neighboring Ser/Thr residues, which subsequently inhibits IR activity. 24699331 3 24 theme insulin-induced 352:366 arg1 phosphorylation 380:394 insulin-induced IR tyrosine phosphorylation 352:394 insulin-induced IR tyrosine phosphorylation in the liver 352:407 With an animal model of critical-illness diabetes, we found insulin-induced IR tyrosine phosphorylation in the liver was impaired as early as 15 min following trauma and hemorrhage. 24699331 6 25 theme O-GlcNac 886:893 arg1 modification 896:907 protein O-linked β-N-acetlyglucosamine (O-GlcNac) modification 846:907 protein O-linked β-N-acetlyglucosamine (O-GlcNac) modification 846:907 However, there was a decrease in the level of protein O-linked β-N-acetlyglucosamine (O-GlcNac) modification on Ser/Thr in the liver following trauma and hemorrhage. 24699331 5 26 theme hepatic 614:620 arg1 IRα 622:624 hepatic IRα 614:624 hepatic IRα 614:624 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 7 27 theme JNK 980:982 arg1 Inhibition 966:975 Inhibition 966:975 Inhibition of JNK 966:982 Inhibition of JNK increased IR O-GlcNac modification, implicating an involvement of JNK. 24699331 3 28 theme IR 368:369 arg1 phosphorylation 380:394 insulin-induced IR tyrosine phosphorylation 352:394 insulin-induced IR tyrosine phosphorylation in the liver 352:407 With an animal model of critical-illness diabetes, we found insulin-induced IR tyrosine phosphorylation in the liver was impaired as early as 15 min following trauma and hemorrhage. 24699331 5 29 theme IRα 622:624 arg1 localization 660:671 the membrane localization 647:671 the membrane localization of the IR 647:681 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 5 29 theme IRα 622:624 arg1 IR 680:681 the IR 676:681 the IR 676:681 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 5 29 theme IRα 622:624 arg1 amounts 603:609 The total amounts 593:609 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits 593:641 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 5 29 theme IRα 622:624 arg1 IRα 622:624 hepatic IRα 614:624 hepatic IRα 614:624 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 5 29 theme IRα 622:624 arg1 subunits 634:641 IRβ subunits 630:641 IRβ subunits 630:641 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 8 30 from IR 1278:1279 arg1 residues 1304:1311 neighboring Ser/Thr residues 1284:1311 neighboring Ser/Thr residues 1284:1311 These findings suggest that a balance between O-GlcNac modification and JNK-induced phosphorylation may exist, with decreased Ser/Thr O-GlcNac modification following trauma and hemorrhage, allowing JNK to phosphorylate the IR on neighboring Ser/Thr residues, which subsequently inhibits IR activity. 24699331 5 31 theme IRβ 630:632 arg1 subunits 634:641 IRβ subunits 630:641 IRβ subunits 630:641 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 0 32 theme insulin 22:28 arg1 activity 39:46 hepatic insulin receptor activity 14:46 hepatic insulin receptor activity 14:46 Regulation of hepatic insulin receptor activity following injury. 24699331 5 33 theme IR 754:755 arg1 nitration 766:774 IR tyrosine nitration 754:774 IR tyrosine nitration 754:774 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 7 34 theme O-GlcNac 997:1004 arg1 modification 1006:1017 IR O-GlcNac modification 994:1017 IR O-GlcNac modification 994:1017 Inhibition of JNK increased IR O-GlcNac modification, implicating an involvement of JNK. 24699331 9 35 theme hemorrhage-induced 1407:1424 arg1 defects 1426:1432 hemorrhage-induced defects 1407:1432 hemorrhage-induced defects in IR activity 1407:1447 The present studies suggest potential mechanisms of hemorrhage-induced defects in IR activity and a potential role for acutely decreased O-GlcNac and increased serine phosphorylation of the IR. 24699331 0 36 theme hepatic 14:20 arg1 activity 39:46 hepatic insulin receptor activity 14:46 hepatic insulin receptor activity 14:46 Regulation of hepatic insulin receptor activity following injury. 24699331 4 37 theme protein 538:544 arg1 levels 546:551 IR protein levels 535:551 IR protein levels 535:551 Possible mechanisms for this defect were examined, including IR protein levels and IR posttranslational modifications. 24699331 5 38 theme IR 680:681 arg1 localization 660:671 the membrane localization 647:671 the membrane localization of the IR 647:681 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 5 38 theme IR 680:681 arg1 IR 680:681 the IR 676:681 the IR 676:681 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 5 38 theme IR 680:681 arg1 amounts 603:609 The total amounts 593:609 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits 593:641 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 5 38 theme IR 680:681 arg1 IRα 622:624 hepatic IRα 614:624 hepatic IRα 614:624 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 5 38 theme IR 680:681 arg1 subunits 634:641 IRβ subunits 630:641 IRβ subunits 630:641 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 8 39 theme IR 1342:1343 arg1 activity 1345:1352 IR activity 1342:1352 IR activity 1342:1352 These findings suggest that a balance between O-GlcNac modification and JNK-induced phosphorylation may exist, with decreased Ser/Thr O-GlcNac modification following trauma and hemorrhage, allowing JNK to phosphorylate the IR on neighboring Ser/Thr residues, which subsequently inhibits IR activity. 24699331 9 40 theme serine 1515:1520 arg1 phosphorylation 1522:1536 increased serine phosphorylation 1505:1536 increased serine phosphorylation of the IR 1505:1546 The present studies suggest potential mechanisms of hemorrhage-induced defects in IR activity and a potential role for acutely decreased O-GlcNac and increased serine phosphorylation of the IR. 24699331 1 41 theme injury 182:187 arg1 models 172:177 models 172:177 models of injury or critical illness 172:207 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance, including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. 24699331 1 41 theme injury 182:187 arg1 diabetes 220:227 Type 2 diabetes 213:227 Type 2 diabetes 213:227 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance, including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. 24699331 0 42 theme activity 39:46 arg1 Regulation 0:9 Regulation 0:9 Regulation of hepatic insulin receptor activity 0:46 Regulation of hepatic insulin receptor activity following injury. 24699331 4 43 theme IR 535:536 arg1 levels 546:551 IR protein levels 535:551 IR protein levels 535:551 Possible mechanisms for this defect were examined, including IR protein levels and IR posttranslational modifications. 24699331 8 44 theme JNK-induced 1127:1137 arg1 phosphorylation 1139:1153 JNK-induced phosphorylation 1127:1153 JNK-induced phosphorylation 1127:1153 These findings suggest that a balance between O-GlcNac modification and JNK-induced phosphorylation may exist, with decreased Ser/Thr O-GlcNac modification following trauma and hemorrhage, allowing JNK to phosphorylate the IR on neighboring Ser/Thr residues, which subsequently inhibits IR activity. 24699331 9 45 theme IR 1437:1438 arg1 activity 1440:1447 IR activity 1437:1447 IR activity 1437:1447 The present studies suggest potential mechanisms of hemorrhage-induced defects in IR activity and a potential role for acutely decreased O-GlcNac and increased serine phosphorylation of the IR. 24699331 9 46 theme increased 1505:1513 arg1 phosphorylation 1522:1536 increased serine phosphorylation 1505:1536 increased serine phosphorylation of the IR 1505:1546 The present studies suggest potential mechanisms of hemorrhage-induced defects in IR activity and a potential role for acutely decreased O-GlcNac and increased serine phosphorylation of the IR. 24699331 0 47 theme receptor 30:37 arg1 activity 39:46 hepatic insulin receptor activity 14:46 hepatic insulin receptor activity 14:46 Regulation of hepatic insulin receptor activity following injury. 24699331 7 48 theme IR 994:995 arg1 modification 1006:1017 IR O-GlcNac modification 994:1017 IR O-GlcNac modification 994:1017 Inhibition of JNK increased IR O-GlcNac modification, implicating an involvement of JNK. 24699331 9 49 from role 1465:1468 arg1 activity 1440:1447 IR activity 1437:1447 IR activity 1437:1447 The present studies suggest potential mechanisms of hemorrhage-induced defects in IR activity and a potential role for acutely decreased O-GlcNac and increased serine phosphorylation of the IR. 24699331 5 50 theme tyrosine 757:764 arg1 nitration 766:774 IR tyrosine nitration 754:774 IR tyrosine nitration 754:774 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 1 51 theme critical 192:199 arg1 illness 201:207 critical illness 192:207 critical illness 192:207 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance, including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. 24699331 3 52 theme tyrosine 371:378 arg1 phosphorylation 380:394 insulin-induced IR tyrosine phosphorylation 352:394 insulin-induced IR tyrosine phosphorylation in the liver 352:407 With an animal model of critical-illness diabetes, we found insulin-induced IR tyrosine phosphorylation in the liver was impaired as early as 15 min following trauma and hemorrhage. 24699331 6 53 theme β-N-acetlyglucosamine 863:883 arg1 modification 896:907 protein O-linked β-N-acetlyglucosamine (O-GlcNac) modification 846:907 protein O-linked β-N-acetlyglucosamine (O-GlcNac) modification 846:907 However, there was a decrease in the level of protein O-linked β-N-acetlyglucosamine (O-GlcNac) modification on Ser/Thr in the liver following trauma and hemorrhage. 24699331 6 54 theme modification 896:907 arg1 level 837:841 the level 833:841 the level of protein O-linked β-N-acetlyglucosamine (O-GlcNac) modification 833:907 However, there was a decrease in the level of protein O-linked β-N-acetlyglucosamine (O-GlcNac) modification on Ser/Thr in the liver following trauma and hemorrhage. 24699331 6 55 theme O-linked 854:861 arg1 modification 896:907 protein O-linked β-N-acetlyglucosamine (O-GlcNac) modification 846:907 protein O-linked β-N-acetlyglucosamine (O-GlcNac) modification 846:907 However, there was a decrease in the level of protein O-linked β-N-acetlyglucosamine (O-GlcNac) modification on Ser/Thr in the liver following trauma and hemorrhage. 24699331 5 56 theme membrane 651:658 arg1 localization 660:671 the membrane localization 647:671 the membrane localization of the IR 647:681 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 5 57 located found 780:784 arg2 change 744:749 no change 741:749 no change in IR tyrosine nitration 741:774 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 5 57 located found 780:784 arg1 liver 793:797 the liver 789:797 the liver 789:797 The total amounts of hepatic IRα and IRβ subunits and the membrane localization of the IR were not altered by trauma and hemorrhage, and, likewise, no change in IR tyrosine nitration was found in the liver. 24699331 9 58 from activity 1440:1447 arg1 role 1465:1468 a potential role 1453:1468 a potential role for acutely decreased O-GlcNac and increased serine phosphorylation of the IR 1453:1546 The present studies suggest potential mechanisms of hemorrhage-induced defects in IR activity and a potential role for acutely decreased O-GlcNac and increased serine phosphorylation of the IR. 24699331 9 58 from activity 1440:1447 arg1 mechanisms 1393:1402 potential mechanisms 1383:1402 potential mechanisms of hemorrhage-induced defects in IR activity 1383:1447 The present studies suggest potential mechanisms of hemorrhage-induced defects in IR activity and a potential role for acutely decreased O-GlcNac and increased serine phosphorylation of the IR. 24699331 6 59 theme protein 846:852 arg1 modification 896:907 protein O-linked β-N-acetlyglucosamine (O-GlcNac) modification 846:907 protein O-linked β-N-acetlyglucosamine (O-GlcNac) modification 846:907 However, there was a decrease in the level of protein O-linked β-N-acetlyglucosamine (O-GlcNac) modification on Ser/Thr in the liver following trauma and hemorrhage. 24699331 9 60 from mechanisms 1393:1402 arg1 activity 1440:1447 IR activity 1437:1447 IR activity 1437:1447 The present studies suggest potential mechanisms of hemorrhage-induced defects in IR activity and a potential role for acutely decreased O-GlcNac and increased serine phosphorylation of the IR. 24699331 6 61 link O-linked 854:861 arg1 modification 896:907 protein O-linked β-N-acetlyglucosamine (O-GlcNac) modification 846:907 protein O-linked β-N-acetlyglucosamine (O-GlcNac) modification 846:907 However, there was a decrease in the level of protein O-linked β-N-acetlyglucosamine (O-GlcNac) modification on Ser/Thr in the liver following trauma and hemorrhage. 24699331 1 62 theme illness 201:207 arg1 models 172:177 models 172:177 models of injury or critical illness 172:207 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance, including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. 24699331 1 62 theme illness 201:207 arg1 diabetes 220:227 Type 2 diabetes 213:227 Type 2 diabetes 213:227 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance, including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. 24699331 9 63 theme IR 1545:1546 arg1 phosphorylation 1522:1536 increased serine phosphorylation 1505:1536 increased serine phosphorylation of the IR 1505:1546 The present studies suggest potential mechanisms of hemorrhage-induced defects in IR activity and a potential role for acutely decreased O-GlcNac and increased serine phosphorylation of the IR. 24699331 9 63 theme IR 1545:1546 arg1 O-GlcNac 1492:1499 acutely decreased O-GlcNac 1474:1499 acutely decreased O-GlcNac 1474:1499 The present studies suggest potential mechanisms of hemorrhage-induced defects in IR activity and a potential role for acutely decreased O-GlcNac and increased serine phosphorylation of the IR. 24699331 9 64 theme decreased 1482:1490 arg1 O-GlcNac 1492:1499 acutely decreased O-GlcNac 1474:1499 acutely decreased O-GlcNac 1474:1499 The present studies suggest potential mechanisms of hemorrhage-induced defects in IR activity and a potential role for acutely decreased O-GlcNac and increased serine phosphorylation of the IR. 24699331 8 65 theme Ser/Thr 1296:1302 arg1 residues 1304:1311 neighboring Ser/Thr residues 1284:1311 neighboring Ser/Thr residues 1284:1311 These findings suggest that a balance between O-GlcNac modification and JNK-induced phosphorylation may exist, with decreased Ser/Thr O-GlcNac modification following trauma and hemorrhage, allowing JNK to phosphorylate the IR on neighboring Ser/Thr residues, which subsequently inhibits IR activity. 24699331 3 66 theme animal 300:305 arg1 model 307:311 an animal model 297:311 an animal model of critical-illness diabetes 297:340 With an animal model of critical-illness diabetes, we found insulin-induced IR tyrosine phosphorylation in the liver was impaired as early as 15 min following trauma and hemorrhage. 24699331 9 67 theme potential 1455:1463 arg1 role 1465:1468 a potential role 1453:1468 a potential role for acutely decreased O-GlcNac and increased serine phosphorylation of the IR 1453:1546 The present studies suggest potential mechanisms of hemorrhage-induced defects in IR activity and a potential role for acutely decreased O-GlcNac and increased serine phosphorylation of the IR. 24699331 1 68 theme various 124:130 arg1 models 132:137 various models 124:137 various models 124:137 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance, including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. 24699331 1 68 theme various 124:130 arg1 models 172:177 models 172:177 models of injury or critical illness 172:207 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance, including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. 24699331 1 68 theme various 124:130 arg1 diabetes 220:227 Type 2 diabetes 213:227 Type 2 diabetes 213:227 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance, including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. 24699331 9 69 theme defects 1426:1432 arg1 role 1465:1468 a potential role 1453:1468 a potential role for acutely decreased O-GlcNac and increased serine phosphorylation of the IR 1453:1546 The present studies suggest potential mechanisms of hemorrhage-induced defects in IR activity and a potential role for acutely decreased O-GlcNac and increased serine phosphorylation of the IR. 24699331 9 69 theme defects 1426:1432 arg1 mechanisms 1393:1402 potential mechanisms 1383:1402 potential mechanisms of hemorrhage-induced defects in IR activity 1383:1447 The present studies suggest potential mechanisms of hemorrhage-induced defects in IR activity and a potential role for acutely decreased O-GlcNac and increased serine phosphorylation of the IR. 24699331 1 70 theme Type 213:216 arg1 diabetes 220:227 Type 2 diabetes 213:227 Type 2 diabetes 213:227 Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance, including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. 24699331 8 71 theme decreased 1171:1179 arg1 modification 1198:1209 decreased Ser/Thr O-GlcNac modification 1171:1209 decreased Ser/Thr O-GlcNac modification following trauma and hemorrhage 1171:1241 These findings suggest that a balance between O-GlcNac modification and JNK-induced phosphorylation may exist, with decreased Ser/Thr O-GlcNac modification following trauma and hemorrhage, allowing JNK to phosphorylate the IR on neighboring Ser/Thr residues, which subsequently inhibits IR activity. 24699331 4 72 theme Possible 474:481 arg1 mechanisms 483:492 Possible mechanisms 474:492 Possible mechanisms for this defect 474:508 Possible mechanisms for this defect were examined, including IR protein levels and IR posttranslational modifications. 24699331 8 73 theme O-GlcNac 1189:1196 arg1 modification 1198:1209 decreased Ser/Thr O-GlcNac modification 1171:1209 decreased Ser/Thr O-GlcNac modification following trauma and hemorrhage 1171:1241 These findings suggest that a balance between O-GlcNac modification and JNK-induced phosphorylation may exist, with decreased Ser/Thr O-GlcNac modification following trauma and hemorrhage, allowing JNK to phosphorylate the IR on neighboring Ser/Thr residues, which subsequently inhibits IR activity. 28724990 0 0 theme body 85:88 arg1 mass 90:93 lean body mass 80:93 lean body mass 80:93 Large meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies five loci for lean body mass. 28724990 4 1 theme in/near 923:929 arg1 HSD17B11 931:938 five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11 886:938 five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11 886:938 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 4 2 theme European 791:798 arg1 ancestry 800:807 European ancestry 791:807 European ancestry 791:807 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 4 3 from cohorts 728:734 arg1 individuals 708:718 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals 671:718 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass 671:764 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 4 3 from cohorts 728:734 arg1 Replication 656:666 Replication 656:666 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass 656:865 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 4 4 dep individuals 708:718 arg1 47,227 679:684 47,227 679:684 47,227 of European ancestry 679:705 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 6 5 theme body 1365:1368 arg1 mass 1380:1383 whole body lean body mass 1359:1383 whole body lean body mass 1359:1383 Here, Kiel and colleagues perform a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for whole body lean body mass and find five novel genetic loci to be significantly associated. 28724990 0 6 theme lean 80:83 arg1 mass 90:93 lean body mass 80:93 lean body mass 80:93 Large meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies five loci for lean body mass. 28724990 4 7 theme total 975:979 arg1 mass 991:994 total lean body mass 975:994 total lean body mass 975:994 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 2 8 with ancestry 266:273 arg1 n = 38,292 280:289 n = 38,292 280:289 n = 38,292 280:289 We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. 28724990 2 9 theme European 257:264 arg1 ancestry 266:273 European ancestry 257:273 European ancestry with n = 38,292 257:289 We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. 28724990 2 10 theme ancestry 266:273 arg1 cohorts 246:252 20 cohorts 243:252 20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292 243:289 We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. 28724990 5 11 theme various 1243:1249 arg1 conditions 1258:1267 various health conditions 1243:1267 various health conditions 1243:1267 Our findings provide new insight into the genetics of lean body mass.Lean body mass is a highly heritable trait and is associated with various health conditions. 28724990 4 12 theme ancestry 800:807 arg1 42,360 781:786 42,360 781:786 42,360 of European ancestry 781:807 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 5 13 theme heritable 1204:1212 arg1 trait 1214:1218 a highly heritable trait 1195:1218 a highly heritable trait 1195:1218 Our findings provide new insight into the genetics of lean body mass.Lean body mass is a highly heritable trait and is associated with various health conditions. 28724990 4 14 from Replication 656:666 arg1 individuals 708:718 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals 671:718 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass 671:764 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 4 14 from Replication 656:666 arg1 subjects 810:817 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects 773:817 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass 773:865 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 4 14 from Replication 656:666 arg1 cohorts 827:833 25 cohorts 824:833 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass 824:865 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 4 14 from Replication 656:666 arg1 cohorts 728:734 33 cohorts 725:734 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass 725:764 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 4 15 theme in/near 1042:1048 arg1 VCAN 1050:1053 three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN 1004:1053 three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN 1004:1053 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 4 16 theme lean 751:754 arg1 mass 761:764 whole body lean body mass 740:764 whole body lean body mass 740:764 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 2 17 theme bioelectrical 404:416 arg1 analysis 428:435 bioelectrical impedance analysis 404:435 bioelectrical impedance analysis 404:435 We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. 28724990 4 18 theme body 746:749 arg1 mass 761:764 whole body lean body mass 740:764 whole body lean body mass 740:764 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 5 19 theme body 1182:1185 arg1 mass 1187:1190 lean body mass.Lean body mass 1162:1190 lean body mass.Lean body mass 1162:1190 Our findings provide new insight into the genetics of lean body mass.Lean body mass is a highly heritable trait and is associated with various health conditions. 28724990 4 20 theme body 857:860 arg1 mass 862:865 appendicular lean body mass 839:865 appendicular lean body mass 839:865 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 5 21 theme mass.Lean 1172:1180 arg1 mass 1187:1190 lean body mass.Lean body mass 1162:1190 lean body mass.Lean body mass 1162:1190 Our findings provide new insight into the genetics of lean body mass.Lean body mass is a highly heritable trait and is associated with various health conditions. 28724990 4 22 theme polymorphisms 909:921 arg1 HSD17B11 931:938 five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11 886:938 five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11 886:938 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 2 23 dep appendicular 296:307 arg1 legs 319:322 legs 319:322 legs 319:322 We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. 28724990 2 23 dep appendicular 296:307 arg1 arms 310:313 arms 310:313 arms 310:313 We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. 28724990 0 24 theme Large 0:4 arg1 meta-analysis 6:18 Large meta-analysis 0:18 Large meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies 0:53 Large meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies five loci for lean body mass. 28724990 3 25 theme single-nucleotide 494:510 arg1 polymorphisms 512:524 Twenty-one single-nucleotide polymorphisms 483:524 Twenty-one single-nucleotide polymorphisms 483:524 Twenty-one single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with lean body mass either genome wide (p < 5 × 10-8) or suggestively genome wide (p < 2.3 × 10-6). 28724990 4 26 theme single-nucleotide 1010:1026 arg1 polymorphisms 1028:1040 three single-nucleotide polymorphisms 1004:1040 three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN 1004:1053 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 4 27 from cohorts 827:833 arg1 subjects 810:817 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects 773:817 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass 773:865 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 4 27 from cohorts 827:833 arg1 Replication 656:666 Replication 656:666 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass 656:865 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 2 28 theme body 330:333 arg1 n = 28,330 341:350 n = 28,330 341:350 n = 28,330 341:350 We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. 28724990 2 28 theme body 330:333 arg1 mass 335:338 appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass 296:338 appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) 296:351 We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. 28724990 0 29 theme genome-wide 23:33 arg1 studies 47:53 genome-wide association studies 23:53 genome-wide association studies 23:53 Large meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies five loci for lean body mass. 28724990 3 30 theme body 566:569 arg1 mass 571:574 lean body mass 561:574 lean body mass 561:574 Twenty-one single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with lean body mass either genome wide (p < 5 × 10-8) or suggestively genome wide (p < 2.3 × 10-6). 28724990 4 31 theme appendicular 839:850 arg1 mass 862:865 appendicular lean body mass 839:865 appendicular lean body mass 839:865 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 1 32 theme Lean 96:99 arg1 mass 106:109 Lean body mass 96:109 Lean body mass 96:109 Lean body mass, consisting mostly of skeletal muscle, is important for healthy aging. 28724990 6 33 theme whole 1359:1363 arg1 mass 1380:1383 whole body lean body mass 1359:1383 whole body lean body mass 1359:1383 Here, Kiel and colleagues perform a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for whole body lean body mass and find five novel genetic loci to be significantly associated. 28724990 2 34 theme dual 368:371 arg1 absorptiometry 386:399 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 368:399 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 368:399 We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. 28724990 2 35 theme energy 373:378 arg1 absorptiometry 386:399 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 368:399 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 368:399 We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. 28724990 6 36 theme genome-wide 1323:1333 arg1 studies 1347:1353 genome-wide association studies 1323:1353 genome-wide association studies 1323:1353 Here, Kiel and colleagues perform a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for whole body lean body mass and find five novel genetic loci to be significantly associated. 28724990 1 37 theme body 101:104 arg1 mass 106:109 Lean body mass 96:109 Lean body mass 96:109 Lean body mass, consisting mostly of skeletal muscle, is important for healthy aging. 28724990 4 38 theme polymorphisms 1028:1040 arg1 VCAN 1050:1053 three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN 1004:1053 three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN 1004:1053 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 3 39 dep mass 571:574 arg1 either 576:581 either 576:581 either 576:581 Twenty-one single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with lean body mass either genome wide (p < 5 × 10-8) or suggestively genome wide (p < 2.3 × 10-6). 28724990 0 40 theme studies 47:53 arg1 meta-analysis 6:18 Large meta-analysis 0:18 Large meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies 0:53 Large meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies five loci for lean body mass. 28724990 2 41 theme fat 473:475 arg1 mass 477:480 fat mass 473:480 fat mass 473:480 We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. 28724990 5 42 theme lean 1162:1165 arg1 mass 1187:1190 lean body mass.Lean body mass 1162:1190 lean body mass.Lean body mass 1162:1190 Our findings provide new insight into the genetics of lean body mass.Lean body mass is a highly heritable trait and is associated with various health conditions. 28724990 4 43 theme body 756:759 arg1 mass 761:764 whole body lean body mass 740:764 whole body lean body mass 740:764 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 1 44 theme healthy 167:173 arg1 aging 175:179 healthy aging 167:179 healthy aging 167:179 Lean body mass, consisting mostly of skeletal muscle, is important for healthy aging. 28724990 0 45 theme association 35:45 arg1 studies 47:53 genome-wide association studies 23:53 genome-wide association studies 23:53 Large meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies five loci for lean body mass. 28724990 4 46 theme lean 852:855 arg1 mass 862:865 appendicular lean body mass 839:865 appendicular lean body mass 839:865 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 3 47 theme wide 590:593 arg1 p < 5 × 10-8 596:607 genome wide (p < 5 × 10-8) or suggestively genome wide 583:636 p < 5 × 10-8 596:607 Twenty-one single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with lean body mass either genome wide (p < 5 × 10-8) or suggestively genome wide (p < 2.3 × 10-6). 28724990 3 47 theme wide 590:593 arg1 p < 2.3 × 10-6 639:652 p < 2.3 × 10-6 639:652 p < 2.3 × 10-6 639:652 Twenty-one single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with lean body mass either genome wide (p < 5 × 10-8) or suggestively genome wide (p < 2.3 × 10-6). 28724990 2 48 theme association 209:219 arg1 study 221:225 a genome-wide association study 195:225 a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass 195:480 We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. 28724990 4 49 theme lean 1092:1095 arg1 mass 1102:1105 appendicular lean body mass 1079:1105 appendicular lean body mass 1079:1105 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 4 50 theme ancestry 698:705 arg1 47,227 679:684 47,227 679:684 47,227 of European ancestry 679:705 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 2 51 theme impedance 418:426 arg1 analysis 428:435 bioelectrical impedance analysis 404:435 bioelectrical impedance analysis 404:435 We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. 28724990 5 52 theme body 1167:1170 arg1 mass 1187:1190 lean body mass.Lean body mass 1162:1190 lean body mass.Lean body mass 1162:1190 Our findings provide new insight into the genetics of lean body mass.Lean body mass is a highly heritable trait and is associated with various health conditions. 28724990 2 53 theme genome-wide 197:207 arg1 association 209:219 a genome-wide association 195:219 a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass 195:480 We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. 28724990 4 54 theme appendicular 1079:1090 arg1 mass 1102:1105 appendicular lean body mass 1079:1105 appendicular lean body mass 1079:1105 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 6 55 theme association 1335:1345 arg1 studies 1347:1353 genome-wide association studies 1323:1353 genome-wide association studies 1323:1353 Here, Kiel and colleagues perform a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for whole body lean body mass and find five novel genetic loci to be significantly associated. 28724990 2 56 theme X-ray 380:384 arg1 absorptiometry 386:399 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 368:399 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 368:399 We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. 28724990 4 57 dep subjects 810:817 arg1 42,360 781:786 42,360 781:786 42,360 of European ancestry 781:807 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 3 58 theme genome 626:631 arg1 wide 633:636 genome wide (p < 5 × 10-8) or suggestively genome wide 583:636 wide 633:636 Twenty-one single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with lean body mass either genome wide (p < 5 × 10-8) or suggestively genome wide (p < 2.3 × 10-6). 28724990 6 59 theme body 1375:1378 arg1 mass 1380:1383 whole body lean body mass 1359:1383 whole body lean body mass 1359:1383 Here, Kiel and colleagues perform a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for whole body lean body mass and find five novel genetic loci to be significantly associated. 28724990 4 60 theme body 986:989 arg1 mass 991:994 total lean body mass 975:994 total lean body mass 975:994 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 6 61 theme studies 1347:1353 arg1 meta-analysis 1306:1318 a meta-analysis 1304:1318 a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for whole body lean body mass 1304:1383 Here, Kiel and colleagues perform a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for whole body lean body mass and find five novel genetic loci to be significantly associated. 28724990 5 62 dep provide 1121:1127 arg1 trait 1214:1218 a highly heritable trait 1195:1218 a highly heritable trait 1195:1218 Our findings provide new insight into the genetics of lean body mass.Lean body mass is a highly heritable trait and is associated with various health conditions. 28724990 5 62 dep provide 1121:1127 arg1 associated 1227:1236 associated 1227:1236 is associated with various health conditions 1224:1267 Our findings provide new insight into the genetics of lean body mass.Lean body mass is a highly heritable trait and is associated with various health conditions. 28724990 3 63 theme lean 561:564 arg1 mass 571:574 lean body mass 561:574 lean body mass 561:574 Twenty-one single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with lean body mass either genome wide (p < 5 × 10-8) or suggestively genome wide (p < 2.3 × 10-6). 28724990 2 64 theme appendicular 296:307 arg1 n = 28,330 341:350 n = 28,330 341:350 n = 28,330 341:350 We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. 28724990 2 64 theme appendicular 296:307 arg1 mass 335:338 appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass 296:338 appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) 296:351 We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. 28724990 3 65 theme Twenty-one 483:492 arg1 polymorphisms 512:524 Twenty-one single-nucleotide polymorphisms 483:524 Twenty-one single-nucleotide polymorphisms 483:524 Twenty-one single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with lean body mass either genome wide (p < 5 × 10-8) or suggestively genome wide (p < 2.3 × 10-6). 28724990 5 66 theme new 1129:1131 arg1 insight 1133:1139 new insight 1129:1139 new insight into the genetics of lean body mass.Lean body mass 1129:1190 Our findings provide new insight into the genetics of lean body mass.Lean body mass is a highly heritable trait and is associated with various health conditions. 28724990 4 67 theme body 1097:1100 arg1 mass 1102:1105 appendicular lean body mass 1079:1105 appendicular lean body mass 1079:1105 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 6 68 theme novel 1399:1403 arg1 loci 1413:1416 five novel genetic loci 1394:1416 five novel genetic loci 1394:1416 Here, Kiel and colleagues perform a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for whole body lean body mass and find five novel genetic loci to be significantly associated. 28724990 3 69 theme genome 583:588 arg1 p < 5 × 10-8 596:607 genome wide (p < 5 × 10-8) or suggestively genome wide 583:636 p < 5 × 10-8 596:607 Twenty-one single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with lean body mass either genome wide (p < 5 × 10-8) or suggestively genome wide (p < 2.3 × 10-6). 28724990 3 69 theme genome 583:588 arg1 p < 2.3 × 10-6 639:652 p < 2.3 × 10-6 639:652 p < 2.3 × 10-6 639:652 Twenty-one single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with lean body mass either genome wide (p < 5 × 10-8) or suggestively genome wide (p < 2.3 × 10-6). 28724990 4 70 theme European 689:696 arg1 ancestry 698:705 European ancestry 689:705 European ancestry 689:705 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 6 71 theme genetic 1405:1411 arg1 loci 1413:1416 five novel genetic loci 1394:1416 five novel genetic loci 1394:1416 Here, Kiel and colleagues perform a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for whole body lean body mass and find five novel genetic loci to be significantly associated. 28724990 5 72 theme mass 1187:1190 arg1 genetics 1150:1157 the genetics 1146:1157 the genetics of lean body mass.Lean body mass 1146:1190 Our findings provide new insight into the genetics of lean body mass.Lean body mass is a highly heritable trait and is associated with various health conditions. 28724990 2 73 dep body 237:240 arg1 cohorts 246:252 20 cohorts 243:252 20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292 243:289 We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. 28724990 4 74 theme single-nucleotide 891:907 arg1 polymorphisms 909:921 five single-nucleotide polymorphisms 886:921 five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11 886:938 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 3 75 theme suggestively 613:624 arg1 wide 633:636 genome wide (p < 5 × 10-8) or suggestively genome wide 583:636 wide 633:636 Twenty-one single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with lean body mass either genome wide (p < 5 × 10-8) or suggestively genome wide (p < 2.3 × 10-6). 28724990 2 76 theme whole 231:235 arg1 body 237:240 whole body 231:240 whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) 231:290 We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. 28724990 5 77 theme health 1251:1256 arg1 conditions 1258:1267 various health conditions 1243:1267 various health conditions 1243:1267 Our findings provide new insight into the genetics of lean body mass.Lean body mass is a highly heritable trait and is associated with various health conditions. 28724990 2 78 theme lean 325:328 arg1 n = 28,330 341:350 n = 28,330 341:350 n = 28,330 341:350 We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. 28724990 2 78 theme lean 325:328 arg1 mass 335:338 appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass 296:338 appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) 296:351 We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. 28724990 4 79 theme lean 981:984 arg1 mass 991:994 total lean body mass 975:994 total lean body mass 975:994 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 4 80 theme whole 740:744 arg1 mass 761:764 whole body lean body mass 740:764 whole body lean body mass 740:764 Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. 28724990 1 81 theme skeletal 133:140 arg1 muscle 142:147 skeletal muscle 133:147 skeletal muscle 133:147 Lean body mass, consisting mostly of skeletal muscle, is important for healthy aging. 28724990 6 82 theme lean 1370:1373 arg1 mass 1380:1383 whole body lean body mass 1359:1383 whole body lean body mass 1359:1383 Here, Kiel and colleagues perform a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for whole body lean body mass and find five novel genetic loci to be significantly associated. 29435130 2 0 theme binding 503:509 arg1 protein-1 511:519 sterol response element binding protein-1 479:519 sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) 479:529 Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, and recently, liver X receptors (LXRs) and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were reported to regulate sCLU transcription. 29435130 2 0 theme binding 503:509 arg1 SREBP-1 522:528 SREBP-1 522:528 SREBP-1 522:528 Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, and recently, liver X receptors (LXRs) and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were reported to regulate sCLU transcription. 29435130 1 1 theme O-linked 178:185 arg1 OGT 220:222 OGT 220:222 OGT 220:222 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) expression is increased in various cancer types, indicating the potential importance of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis. 29435130 1 1 theme O-linked 178:185 arg1 transferase 207:217 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 178:217 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) expression 178:234 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) expression is increased in various cancer types, indicating the potential importance of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis. 29435130 5 2 from LXRs 989:992 arg1 cells 1020:1024 HeLa cells 1015:1024 HeLa cells 1015:1024 Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. 29435130 1 3 from importance 299:308 arg1 tumorigenesis 332:344 tumorigenesis 332:344 tumorigenesis 332:344 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) expression is increased in various cancer types, indicating the potential importance of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis. 29435130 1 4 theme N-acetylglucosamine 187:205 arg1 OGT 220:222 OGT 220:222 OGT 220:222 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) expression is increased in various cancer types, indicating the potential importance of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis. 29435130 1 4 theme N-acetylglucosamine 187:205 arg1 transferase 207:217 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 178:217 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) expression 178:234 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) expression is increased in various cancer types, indicating the potential importance of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis. 29435130 7 5 theme cervical 1310:1317 arg1 cells 1326:1330 cervical cancer cells 1310:1330 cervical cancer cells 1310:1330 Taken together, these findings suggest that OGT, O-GlcNAcylated LXRs, and SREBP-1 increase sCLU expression in cervical cancer cells, which contributes to drug resistance. 29435130 0 6 theme response 114:121 arg1 protein 139:145 sterol response element binding protein 107:145 sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer 107:175 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase enhances secretory clusterin expression via liver X receptors and sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer. 29435130 5 7 theme SREBP-1 995:1001 arg1 levels 979:984 levels 979:984 levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells 979:1024 Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. 29435130 4 8 theme LXRs 774:777 arg1 expression 760:769 expression 760:769 expression of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU 760:795 OGT knockdown decreased expression of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU through hypo-O-GlcNAcylation of LXRs. 29435130 5 9 from levels 979:984 arg1 cells 1020:1024 HeLa cells 1015:1024 HeLa cells 1015:1024 Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. 29435130 1 10 theme potential 289:297 arg1 importance 299:308 the potential importance 285:308 the potential importance of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis 285:344 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) expression is increased in various cancer types, indicating the potential importance of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis. 29435130 0 11 theme sterol 107:112 arg1 protein 139:145 sterol response element binding protein 107:145 sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer 107:175 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase enhances secretory clusterin expression via liver X receptors and sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer. 29435130 2 12 theme cancer 389:394 arg1 proliferation 401:413 cancer cell proliferation 389:413 cancer cell proliferation 389:413 Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, and recently, liver X receptors (LXRs) and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were reported to regulate sCLU transcription. 29435130 7 13 theme O-GlcNAcylated 1249:1262 arg1 LXRs 1264:1267 O-GlcNAcylated LXRs 1249:1267 O-GlcNAcylated LXRs 1249:1267 Taken together, these findings suggest that OGT, O-GlcNAcylated LXRs, and SREBP-1 increase sCLU expression in cervical cancer cells, which contributes to drug resistance. 29435130 0 14 theme binding 131:137 arg1 protein 139:145 sterol response element binding protein 107:145 sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer 107:175 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase enhances secretory clusterin expression via liver X receptors and sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer. 29435130 2 15 theme sCLU 557:560 arg1 transcription 562:574 sCLU transcription 557:574 sCLU transcription 557:574 Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, and recently, liver X receptors (LXRs) and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were reported to regulate sCLU transcription. 29435130 0 16 link O-linked 0:7 arg1 transferase 29:39 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:39 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:39 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase enhances secretory clusterin expression via liver X receptors and sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer. 29435130 4 17 theme SREBP-1 780:786 arg1 expression 760:769 expression 760:769 expression of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU 760:795 OGT knockdown decreased expression of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU through hypo-O-GlcNAcylation of LXRs. 29435130 5 18 theme O-GlcNAcase 875:885 arg1 inhibitor 891:899 O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor 875:899 O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor 875:899 Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. 29435130 5 18 theme O-GlcNAcase 875:885 arg1 G 872:872 Thiamet G 864:872 Thiamet G 864:872 Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. 29435130 1 19 theme transferase 207:217 arg1 expression 225:234 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) expression 178:234 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) expression 178:234 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) expression is increased in various cancer types, indicating the potential importance of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis. 29435130 0 20 theme element 123:129 arg1 protein 139:145 sterol response element binding protein 107:145 sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer 107:175 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase enhances secretory clusterin expression via liver X receptors and sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer. 29435130 3 21 theme OGT 712:714 arg1 levels 689:694 higher expression levels 671:694 higher expression levels of O-GlcNAc and OGT 671:714 Here, we found that sCLU is significantly increased in cervical cancer cell lines, which have higher expression levels of O-GlcNAc and OGT than keratinocytes. 29435130 2 22 theme response 486:493 arg1 protein-1 511:519 sterol response element binding protein-1 479:519 sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) 479:529 Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, and recently, liver X receptors (LXRs) and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were reported to regulate sCLU transcription. 29435130 2 22 theme response 486:493 arg1 SREBP-1 522:528 SREBP-1 522:528 SREBP-1 522:528 Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, and recently, liver X receptors (LXRs) and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were reported to regulate sCLU transcription. 29435130 7 23 theme sCLU 1291:1294 arg1 expression 1296:1305 sCLU expression 1291:1305 sCLU expression 1291:1305 Taken together, these findings suggest that OGT, O-GlcNAcylated LXRs, and SREBP-1 increase sCLU expression in cervical cancer cells, which contributes to drug resistance. 29435130 5 24 theme LXRs 989:992 arg1 levels 979:984 levels 979:984 levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells 979:1024 Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. 29435130 6 25 theme phase 1065:1069 arg1 arrest 1082:1087 G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest 1059:1087 G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest 1059:1087 Moreover, OGT knockdown induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and late apoptosis in cisplatin-treated HeLa cells, and decreased viability compared to OGT intact HeLa cells. 29435130 0 26 theme N-acetylglucosamine 9:27 arg1 transferase 29:39 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:39 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:39 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase enhances secretory clusterin expression via liver X receptors and sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer. 29435130 2 27 theme element 495:501 arg1 protein-1 511:519 sterol response element binding protein-1 479:519 sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) 479:529 Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, and recently, liver X receptors (LXRs) and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were reported to regulate sCLU transcription. 29435130 2 27 theme element 495:501 arg1 SREBP-1 522:528 SREBP-1 522:528 SREBP-1 522:528 Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, and recently, liver X receptors (LXRs) and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were reported to regulate sCLU transcription. 29435130 6 28 theme cell 1071:1074 arg1 arrest 1082:1087 G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest 1059:1087 G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest 1059:1087 Moreover, OGT knockdown induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and late apoptosis in cisplatin-treated HeLa cells, and decreased viability compared to OGT intact HeLa cells. 29435130 5 29 from SREBP-1 995:1001 arg1 cells 1020:1024 HeLa cells 1015:1024 HeLa cells 1015:1024 Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. 29435130 2 30 theme drug 419:422 arg1 resistance 424:433 drug resistance 419:433 drug resistance 419:433 Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, and recently, liver X receptors (LXRs) and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were reported to regulate sCLU transcription. 29435130 0 31 theme O-linked 0:7 arg1 transferase 29:39 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:39 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:39 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase enhances secretory clusterin expression via liver X receptors and sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer. 29435130 6 32 theme G0/G1 1059:1063 arg1 arrest 1082:1087 G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest 1059:1087 G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest 1059:1087 Moreover, OGT knockdown induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and late apoptosis in cisplatin-treated HeLa cells, and decreased viability compared to OGT intact HeLa cells. 29435130 4 33 theme OGT 736:738 arg1 knockdown 740:748 OGT knockdown 736:748 OGT knockdown 736:748 OGT knockdown decreased expression of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU through hypo-O-GlcNAcylation of LXRs. 29435130 5 34 from cells 1020:1024 arg1 levels 979:984 levels 979:984 levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells 979:1024 Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. 29435130 5 35 theme OGA 887:889 arg1 inhibitor 891:899 O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor 875:899 O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor 875:899 Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. 29435130 5 35 theme OGA 887:889 arg1 G 872:872 Thiamet G 864:872 Thiamet G 864:872 Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. 29435130 1 36 theme O-GlcNAcylation 313:327 arg1 importance 299:308 the potential importance 285:308 the potential importance of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis 285:344 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) expression is increased in various cancer types, indicating the potential importance of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis. 29435130 1 37 link O-linked 178:185 arg1 OGT 220:222 OGT 220:222 OGT 220:222 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) expression is increased in various cancer types, indicating the potential importance of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis. 29435130 1 37 link O-linked 178:185 arg1 transferase 207:217 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 178:217 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) expression 178:234 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) expression is increased in various cancer types, indicating the potential importance of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis. 29435130 2 38 theme Secretory 347:355 arg1 sCLU 368:371 sCLU 368:371 sCLU 368:371 Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, and recently, liver X receptors (LXRs) and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were reported to regulate sCLU transcription. 29435130 2 38 theme Secretory 347:355 arg1 clusterin 357:365 Secretory clusterin 347:365 Secretory clusterin (sCLU) 347:372 Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, and recently, liver X receptors (LXRs) and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were reported to regulate sCLU transcription. 29435130 2 39 theme liver 450:454 arg1 LXRs 469:472 LXRs 469:472 LXRs 469:472 Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, and recently, liver X receptors (LXRs) and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were reported to regulate sCLU transcription. 29435130 2 39 theme liver 450:454 arg1 receptors 458:466 liver X receptors 450:466 liver X receptors (LXRs) 450:473 Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, and recently, liver X receptors (LXRs) and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were reported to regulate sCLU transcription. 29435130 2 40 theme X 456:456 arg1 LXRs 469:472 LXRs 469:472 LXRs 469:472 Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, and recently, liver X receptors (LXRs) and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were reported to regulate sCLU transcription. 29435130 2 40 theme X 456:456 arg1 receptors 458:466 liver X receptors 450:466 liver X receptors (LXRs) 450:473 Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, and recently, liver X receptors (LXRs) and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were reported to regulate sCLU transcription. 29435130 0 41 theme protein 139:145 arg1 regulation 147:156 sterol response element binding protein regulation 107:156 sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer 107:175 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase enhances secretory clusterin expression via liver X receptors and sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer. 29435130 6 42 theme OGT 1177:1179 arg1 cells 1193:1197 OGT intact HeLa cells 1177:1197 OGT intact HeLa cells 1177:1197 Moreover, OGT knockdown induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and late apoptosis in cisplatin-treated HeLa cells, and decreased viability compared to OGT intact HeLa cells. 29435130 6 43 theme cycle 1076:1080 arg1 arrest 1082:1087 G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest 1059:1087 G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest 1059:1087 Moreover, OGT knockdown induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and late apoptosis in cisplatin-treated HeLa cells, and decreased viability compared to OGT intact HeLa cells. 29435130 6 44 theme OGT 1037:1039 arg1 knockdown 1041:1049 OGT knockdown 1037:1049 OGT knockdown 1037:1049 Moreover, OGT knockdown induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and late apoptosis in cisplatin-treated HeLa cells, and decreased viability compared to OGT intact HeLa cells. 29435130 0 45 theme clusterin 60:68 arg1 expression 70:79 secretory clusterin expression 50:79 secretory clusterin expression 50:79 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase enhances secretory clusterin expression via liver X receptors and sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer. 29435130 5 46 from sCLU 1007:1010 arg1 cells 1020:1024 HeLa cells 1015:1024 HeLa cells 1015:1024 Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. 29435130 0 47 theme cervical 161:168 arg1 cancer 170:175 cervical cancer 161:175 cervical cancer 161:175 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase enhances secretory clusterin expression via liver X receptors and sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer. 29435130 0 48 from receptors 93:101 arg1 cancer 170:175 cervical cancer 161:175 cervical cancer 161:175 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase enhances secretory clusterin expression via liver X receptors and sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer. 29435130 4 49 theme LXRs 829:832 arg1 hypo-O-GlcNAcylation 805:824 hypo-O-GlcNAcylation 805:824 hypo-O-GlcNAcylation of LXRs 805:832 OGT knockdown decreased expression of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU through hypo-O-GlcNAcylation of LXRs. 29435130 6 50 theme intact 1181:1186 arg1 cells 1193:1197 OGT intact HeLa cells 1177:1197 OGT intact HeLa cells 1177:1197 Moreover, OGT knockdown induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and late apoptosis in cisplatin-treated HeLa cells, and decreased viability compared to OGT intact HeLa cells. 29435130 0 51 theme secretory 50:58 arg1 expression 70:79 secretory clusterin expression 50:79 secretory clusterin expression 50:79 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase enhances secretory clusterin expression via liver X receptors and sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer. 29435130 2 52 theme sterol 479:484 arg1 protein-1 511:519 sterol response element binding protein-1 479:519 sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) 479:529 Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, and recently, liver X receptors (LXRs) and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were reported to regulate sCLU transcription. 29435130 2 52 theme sterol 479:484 arg1 SREBP-1 522:528 SREBP-1 522:528 SREBP-1 522:528 Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, and recently, liver X receptors (LXRs) and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were reported to regulate sCLU transcription. 29435130 3 53 theme cancer 641:646 arg1 lines 653:657 cervical cancer cell lines 632:657 cervical cancer cell lines 632:657 Here, we found that sCLU is significantly increased in cervical cancer cell lines, which have higher expression levels of O-GlcNAc and OGT than keratinocytes. 29435130 5 54 theme HeLa 1015:1018 arg1 cells 1020:1024 HeLa cells 1015:1024 HeLa cells 1015:1024 Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. 29435130 5 55 theme Thiamet 864:870 arg1 inhibitor 891:899 O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor 875:899 O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor 875:899 Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. 29435130 5 55 theme Thiamet 864:870 arg1 G 872:872 Thiamet G 864:872 Thiamet G 864:872 Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. 29435130 3 56 theme cell 648:651 arg1 lines 653:657 cervical cancer cell lines 632:657 cervical cancer cell lines 632:657 Here, we found that sCLU is significantly increased in cervical cancer cell lines, which have higher expression levels of O-GlcNAc and OGT than keratinocytes. 29435130 6 57 theme cisplatin-treated 1111:1127 arg1 cells 1134:1138 cisplatin-treated HeLa cells 1111:1138 cisplatin-treated HeLa cells 1111:1138 Moreover, OGT knockdown induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and late apoptosis in cisplatin-treated HeLa cells, and decreased viability compared to OGT intact HeLa cells. 29435130 6 58 theme HeLa 1129:1132 arg1 cells 1134:1138 cisplatin-treated HeLa cells 1111:1138 cisplatin-treated HeLa cells 1111:1138 Moreover, OGT knockdown induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and late apoptosis in cisplatin-treated HeLa cells, and decreased viability compared to OGT intact HeLa cells. 29435130 5 59 with treatment 849:857 arg1 inhibitor 891:899 O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor 875:899 O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor 875:899 Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. 29435130 5 59 with treatment 849:857 arg1 G 872:872 Thiamet G 864:872 Thiamet G 864:872 Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. 29435130 3 60 theme higher 671:676 arg1 levels 689:694 higher expression levels 671:694 higher expression levels of O-GlcNAc and OGT 671:714 Here, we found that sCLU is significantly increased in cervical cancer cell lines, which have higher expression levels of O-GlcNAc and OGT than keratinocytes. 29435130 7 61 theme drug 1354:1357 arg1 resistance 1359:1368 drug resistance 1354:1368 drug resistance 1354:1368 Taken together, these findings suggest that OGT, O-GlcNAcylated LXRs, and SREBP-1 increase sCLU expression in cervical cancer cells, which contributes to drug resistance. 29435130 5 62 theme O-GlcNAcylation 926:940 arg1 expression 912:921 expression 912:921 expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU 912:949 Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. 29435130 3 63 contain have 666:669 arg1 lines 653:657 cervical cancer cell lines 632:657 cervical cancer cell lines 632:657 Here, we found that sCLU is significantly increased in cervical cancer cell lines, which have higher expression levels of O-GlcNAc and OGT than keratinocytes. 29435130 3 63 contain have 666:669 arg2 levels 689:694 higher expression levels 671:694 higher expression levels of O-GlcNAc and OGT 671:714 Here, we found that sCLU is significantly increased in cervical cancer cell lines, which have higher expression levels of O-GlcNAc and OGT than keratinocytes. 29435130 3 64 theme expression 678:687 arg1 levels 689:694 higher expression levels 671:694 higher expression levels of O-GlcNAc and OGT 671:714 Here, we found that sCLU is significantly increased in cervical cancer cell lines, which have higher expression levels of O-GlcNAc and OGT than keratinocytes. 29435130 4 65 theme sCLU 792:795 arg1 expression 760:769 expression 760:769 expression of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU 760:795 OGT knockdown decreased expression of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU through hypo-O-GlcNAcylation of LXRs. 29435130 5 66 theme high 956:959 arg1 glucose 961:967 high glucose 956:967 high glucose 956:967 Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. 29435130 1 67 theme various 252:258 arg1 types 267:271 various cancer types 252:271 various cancer types 252:271 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) expression is increased in various cancer types, indicating the potential importance of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis. 29435130 3 68 theme cervical 632:639 arg1 lines 653:657 cervical cancer cell lines 632:657 cervical cancer cell lines 632:657 Here, we found that sCLU is significantly increased in cervical cancer cell lines, which have higher expression levels of O-GlcNAc and OGT than keratinocytes. 29435130 7 69 from expression 1296:1305 arg1 cells 1326:1330 cervical cancer cells 1310:1330 cervical cancer cells 1310:1330 Taken together, these findings suggest that OGT, O-GlcNAcylated LXRs, and SREBP-1 increase sCLU expression in cervical cancer cells, which contributes to drug resistance. 29435130 5 70 theme sCLU 946:949 arg1 expression 912:921 expression 912:921 expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU 912:949 Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. 29435130 1 71 theme cancer 260:265 arg1 types 267:271 various cancer types 252:271 various cancer types 252:271 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) expression is increased in various cancer types, indicating the potential importance of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis. 29435130 0 72 theme X 91:91 arg1 receptors 93:101 liver X receptors 85:101 liver X receptors 85:101 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase enhances secretory clusterin expression via liver X receptors and sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer. 29435130 6 73 theme HeLa 1188:1191 arg1 cells 1193:1197 OGT intact HeLa cells 1177:1197 OGT intact HeLa cells 1177:1197 Moreover, OGT knockdown induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and late apoptosis in cisplatin-treated HeLa cells, and decreased viability compared to OGT intact HeLa cells. 29435130 6 74 theme late 1093:1096 arg1 apoptosis 1098:1106 late apoptosis 1093:1106 late apoptosis 1093:1106 Moreover, OGT knockdown induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and late apoptosis in cisplatin-treated HeLa cells, and decreased viability compared to OGT intact HeLa cells. 29435130 7 75 theme cancer 1319:1324 arg1 cells 1326:1330 cervical cancer cells 1310:1330 cervical cancer cells 1310:1330 Taken together, these findings suggest that OGT, O-GlcNAcylated LXRs, and SREBP-1 increase sCLU expression in cervical cancer cells, which contributes to drug resistance. 29435130 0 76 from regulation 147:156 arg1 cancer 170:175 cervical cancer 161:175 cervical cancer 161:175 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase enhances secretory clusterin expression via liver X receptors and sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer. 29435130 0 77 theme liver 85:89 arg1 receptors 93:101 liver X receptors 85:101 liver X receptors 85:101 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase enhances secretory clusterin expression via liver X receptors and sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer. 29435130 3 78 theme O-GlcNAc 699:706 arg1 levels 689:694 higher expression levels 671:694 higher expression levels of O-GlcNAc and OGT 671:714 Here, we found that sCLU is significantly increased in cervical cancer cell lines, which have higher expression levels of O-GlcNAc and OGT than keratinocytes. 29435130 5 79 theme sCLU 1007:1010 arg1 levels 979:984 levels 979:984 levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells 979:1024 Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. 29435130 2 80 theme cell 396:399 arg1 proliferation 401:413 cancer cell proliferation 389:413 cancer cell proliferation 389:413 Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, and recently, liver X receptors (LXRs) and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were reported to regulate sCLU transcription. 25585345 4 0 theme post-translational 556:573 arg1 modification 575:586 CARM1 post-translational modification 550:586 CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) 550:592 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 4 0 theme post-translational 556:573 arg1 PTM 589:591 PTM 589:591 PTM 589:591 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 9 1 theme CARM1 1658:1662 arg1 specificity 1674:1684 CARM1 substrate specificity 1658:1684 CARM1 substrate specificity 1658:1684 Our findings suggest that O-GlcNAcylation of CARM1 at its C-terminus is an important determinant for CARM1 substrate specificity. 25585345 4 2 theme recombinant 642:652 arg1 CARM1 654:658 all detectable recombinant CARM1 627:658 all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells 627:710 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 9 3 theme substrate 1664:1672 arg1 specificity 1674:1684 CARM1 substrate specificity 1658:1684 CARM1 substrate specificity 1658:1684 Our findings suggest that O-GlcNAcylation of CARM1 at its C-terminus is an important determinant for CARM1 substrate specificity. 25585345 1 4 theme arginine 219:226 arg1 residues 228:235 arginine residues 219:235 arginine residues 219:235 Co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) asymmetrically di-methylates proteins on arginine residues. 25585345 4 5 theme detectable 631:640 arg1 CARM1 654:658 all detectable recombinant CARM1 627:658 all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells 627:710 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 7 6 theme similar 1211:1217 arg1 activity 1232:1239 similar co-activator activity 1211:1239 similar co-activator activity 1211:1239 Moreover, CARM1QM elicits similar co-activator activity as CARM1 wild-type (CARM1WT) on a few transcription factors known to be activated by CARM1. 25585345 7 7 theme few 1275:1277 arg1 factors 1293:1299 a few transcription factors 1273:1299 a few transcription factors known to be activated by CARM1 1273:1330 Moreover, CARM1QM elicits similar co-activator activity as CARM1 wild-type (CARM1WT) on a few transcription factors known to be activated by CARM1. 25585345 8 8 theme O-GlcNAc-depleted 1342:1358 arg1 CARM1 1360:1364 O-GlcNAc-depleted CARM1 1342:1364 O-GlcNAc-depleted CARM1 generated by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment, O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment and mutation of putative O-GlcNAcylation sites 1342:1492 However, O-GlcNAc-depleted CARM1 generated by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment, O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment and mutation of putative O-GlcNAcylation sites displays different substrate specificity from that of CARM1WT. 25585345 4 9 theme single 815:820 arg1 moiety 864:869 a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31] 813:874 a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31] 813:874 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 8 10 theme germ 1385:1388 arg1 WGA 1402:1404 WGA 1402:1404 WGA 1402:1404 However, O-GlcNAc-depleted CARM1 generated by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment, O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment and mutation of putative O-GlcNAcylation sites displays different substrate specificity from that of CARM1WT. 25585345 8 10 theme germ 1385:1388 arg1 agglutinin 1390:1399 wheat germ agglutinin 1379:1399 wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment 1379:1416 However, O-GlcNAc-depleted CARM1 generated by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment, O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment and mutation of putative O-GlcNAcylation sites displays different substrate specificity from that of CARM1WT. 25585345 3 11 theme O-GlcNAcylation 419:433 arg1 effects 408:414 the effects 404:414 the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on biological functions of CARM1 404:466 However, the site(s) of O-GlcNAcylation were not mapped and the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on biological functions of CARM1 were undetermined. 25585345 9 12 theme CARM1 1602:1606 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1583:1597 O-GlcNAcylation 1583:1597 O-GlcNAcylation of CARM1 at its C-terminus 1583:1624 Our findings suggest that O-GlcNAcylation of CARM1 at its C-terminus is an important determinant for CARM1 substrate specificity. 25585345 9 12 theme CARM1 1602:1606 arg1 determinant 1642:1652 an important determinant 1629:1652 an important determinant for CARM1 substrate specificity 1629:1684 Our findings suggest that O-GlcNAcylation of CARM1 at its C-terminus is an important determinant for CARM1 substrate specificity. 25585345 5 13 from sites 931:935 arg1 C-terminus 980:989 the C-terminus 976:989 the C-terminus of CARM1 976:998 The O-GlcNAc moiety was mapped by MS to four possible sites (Ser595, Ser598, Thr601 and Thr603) in the C-terminus of CARM1. 25585345 6 14 theme sites 1022:1026 arg1 Mutation 1001:1008 Mutation 1001:1008 Mutation of all four sites [CARM1 quadruple mutant (CARM1QM)] 1001:1061 Mutation of all four sites [CARM1 quadruple mutant (CARM1QM)] markedly decreased O-GlcNAcylation, but did not affect protein stability, dimerization or cellular localization of CARM1. 25585345 4 15 theme comprehensive 525:537 arg1 mapping 539:545 the comprehensive mapping 521:545 the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31] 521:874 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 4 16 theme automethylated 783:796 arg1 CARM1 798:802 this automethylated CARM1 778:802 this automethylated CARM1 778:802 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 5 17 theme CARM1 994:998 arg1 C-terminus 980:989 the C-terminus 976:989 the C-terminus of CARM1 976:998 The O-GlcNAc moiety was mapped by MS to four possible sites (Ser595, Ser598, Thr601 and Thr603) in the C-terminus of CARM1. 25585345 8 18 theme O-GlcNAcylation 1472:1486 arg1 sites 1488:1492 putative O-GlcNAcylation sites 1463:1492 putative O-GlcNAcylation sites 1463:1492 However, O-GlcNAc-depleted CARM1 generated by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment, O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment and mutation of putative O-GlcNAcylation sites displays different substrate specificity from that of CARM1WT. 25585345 4 19 theme CARM1 550:554 arg1 modification 575:586 CARM1 post-translational modification 550:586 CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) 550:592 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 4 19 theme CARM1 550:554 arg1 PTM 589:591 PTM 589:591 PTM 589:591 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 4 20 theme O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine 822:851 arg1 moiety 864:869 a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31] 813:874 a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31] 813:874 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 7 21 theme CARM1 1244:1248 arg1 CARM1WT 1261:1267 CARM1WT 1261:1267 CARM1WT 1261:1267 Moreover, CARM1QM elicits similar co-activator activity as CARM1 wild-type (CARM1WT) on a few transcription factors known to be activated by CARM1. 25585345 7 21 theme CARM1 1244:1248 arg1 wild-type 1250:1258 CARM1 wild-type 1244:1258 CARM1 wild-type (CARM1WT) on a few transcription factors known to be activated by CARM1 1244:1330 Moreover, CARM1QM elicits similar co-activator activity as CARM1 wild-type (CARM1WT) on a few transcription factors known to be activated by CARM1. 25585345 1 22 theme Co-activator-associated 117:139 arg1 methyltransferase 150:166 Co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 117:168 Co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) 117:176 Co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) asymmetrically di-methylates proteins on arginine residues. 25585345 1 22 theme Co-activator-associated 117:139 arg1 CARM1 171:175 CARM1 171:175 CARM1 171:175 Co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) asymmetrically di-methylates proteins on arginine residues. 25585345 6 23 dep sites 1022:1026 arg1 CARM1QM 1053:1059 CARM1QM 1053:1059 CARM1QM 1053:1059 Mutation of all four sites [CARM1 quadruple mutant (CARM1QM)] markedly decreased O-GlcNAcylation, but did not affect protein stability, dimerization or cellular localization of CARM1. 25585345 6 23 dep sites 1022:1026 arg1 mutant 1045:1050 [CARM1 quadruple mutant 1028:1050 all four sites [CARM1 quadruple mutant (CARM1QM)] 1013:1061 Mutation of all four sites [CARM1 quadruple mutant (CARM1QM)] markedly decreased O-GlcNAcylation, but did not affect protein stability, dimerization or cellular localization of CARM1. 25585345 7 24 from wild-type 1250:1258 arg1 factors 1293:1299 a few transcription factors 1273:1299 a few transcription factors known to be activated by CARM1 1273:1330 Moreover, CARM1QM elicits similar co-activator activity as CARM1 wild-type (CARM1WT) on a few transcription factors known to be activated by CARM1. 25585345 1 25 theme arginine 141:148 arg1 methyltransferase 150:166 Co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 117:168 Co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) 117:176 Co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) asymmetrically di-methylates proteins on arginine residues. 25585345 1 25 theme arginine 141:148 arg1 CARM1 171:175 CARM1 171:175 CARM1 171:175 Co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) asymmetrically di-methylates proteins on arginine residues. 25585345 9 26 from C-terminus 1615:1624 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1583:1597 O-GlcNAcylation 1583:1597 O-GlcNAcylation of CARM1 at its C-terminus 1583:1624 Our findings suggest that O-GlcNAcylation of CARM1 at its C-terminus is an important determinant for CARM1 substrate specificity. 25585345 9 26 from C-terminus 1615:1624 arg1 determinant 1642:1652 an important determinant 1629:1652 an important determinant for CARM1 substrate specificity 1629:1684 Our findings suggest that O-GlcNAcylation of CARM1 at its C-terminus is an important determinant for CARM1 substrate specificity. 25585345 5 27 theme possible 922:929 arg1 Ser595 938:943 Ser595 938:943 Ser595 938:943 The O-GlcNAc moiety was mapped by MS to four possible sites (Ser595, Ser598, Thr601 and Thr603) in the C-terminus of CARM1. 25585345 5 27 theme possible 922:929 arg1 sites 931:935 four possible sites 917:935 four possible sites (Ser595, Ser598, Thr601 and Thr603) in the C-terminus of CARM1 917:998 The O-GlcNAc moiety was mapped by MS to four possible sites (Ser595, Ser598, Thr601 and Thr603) in the C-terminus of CARM1. 25585345 5 27 theme possible 922:929 arg1 Thr601 954:959 Thr601 954:959 Thr601 954:959 The O-GlcNAc moiety was mapped by MS to four possible sites (Ser595, Ser598, Thr601 and Thr603) in the C-terminus of CARM1. 25585345 5 27 theme possible 922:929 arg1 Thr603 965:970 Thr603 965:970 Thr603 965:970 The O-GlcNAc moiety was mapped by MS to four possible sites (Ser595, Ser598, Thr601 and Thr603) in the C-terminus of CARM1. 25585345 5 27 theme possible 922:929 arg1 Ser598 946:951 Ser598 946:951 Ser598 946:951 The O-GlcNAc moiety was mapped by MS to four possible sites (Ser595, Ser598, Thr601 and Thr603) in the C-terminus of CARM1. 25585345 0 28 theme arginine 43:50 arg1 methyltransferase 52:68 co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 19:70 co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 19:70 O-GlcNAcylation of co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 regulates its protein substrate specificity. 25585345 4 29 contain contains 804:811 arg1 CARM1 798:802 this automethylated CARM1 778:802 this automethylated CARM1 778:802 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 4 29 contain contains 804:811 arg1 % 773:773 about 50% 765:773 about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 765:802 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 4 29 contain contains 804:811 arg2 moiety 864:869 a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31] 813:874 a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31] 813:874 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 3 30 theme site 357:360 arg1 s 362:362 the site(s) 353:363 the site(s) of O-GlcNAcylation 353:382 However, the site(s) of O-GlcNAcylation were not mapped and the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on biological functions of CARM1 were undetermined. 25585345 5 31 dep sites 931:935 arg1 Ser595 938:943 Ser595 938:943 Ser595 938:943 The O-GlcNAc moiety was mapped by MS to four possible sites (Ser595, Ser598, Thr601 and Thr603) in the C-terminus of CARM1. 25585345 5 31 dep sites 931:935 arg1 Thr603 965:970 Thr603 965:970 Thr603 965:970 The O-GlcNAc moiety was mapped by MS to four possible sites (Ser595, Ser598, Thr601 and Thr603) in the C-terminus of CARM1. 25585345 5 31 dep sites 931:935 arg1 Thr601 954:959 Thr601 954:959 Thr601 954:959 The O-GlcNAc moiety was mapped by MS to four possible sites (Ser595, Ser598, Thr601 and Thr603) in the C-terminus of CARM1. 25585345 5 31 dep sites 931:935 arg1 sites 931:935 four possible sites 917:935 four possible sites (Ser595, Ser598, Thr601 and Thr603) in the C-terminus of CARM1 917:998 The O-GlcNAc moiety was mapped by MS to four possible sites (Ser595, Ser598, Thr601 and Thr603) in the C-terminus of CARM1. 25585345 5 31 dep sites 931:935 arg1 Ser598 946:951 Ser598 946:951 Ser598 946:951 The O-GlcNAc moiety was mapped by MS to four possible sites (Ser595, Ser598, Thr601 and Thr603) in the C-terminus of CARM1. 25585345 8 32 theme different 1503:1511 arg1 specificity 1523:1533 different substrate specificity 1503:1533 different substrate specificity 1503:1533 However, O-GlcNAc-depleted CARM1 generated by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment, O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment and mutation of putative O-GlcNAcylation sites displays different substrate specificity from that of CARM1WT. 25585345 3 33 theme biological 438:447 arg1 functions 449:457 biological functions 438:457 biological functions of CARM1 438:466 However, the site(s) of O-GlcNAcylation were not mapped and the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on biological functions of CARM1 were undetermined. 25585345 4 34 dep mapping 539:545 arg1 found 616:620 found 616:620 found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31] 616:874 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 4 35 theme CARM1 798:802 arg1 CARM1 798:802 this automethylated CARM1 778:802 this automethylated CARM1 778:802 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 4 35 theme CARM1 798:802 arg1 % 773:773 about 50% 765:773 about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 765:802 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 8 36 theme wheat 1379:1383 arg1 WGA 1402:1404 WGA 1402:1404 WGA 1402:1404 However, O-GlcNAc-depleted CARM1 generated by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment, O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment and mutation of putative O-GlcNAcylation sites displays different substrate specificity from that of CARM1WT. 25585345 8 36 theme wheat 1379:1383 arg1 agglutinin 1390:1399 wheat germ agglutinin 1379:1399 wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment 1379:1416 However, O-GlcNAc-depleted CARM1 generated by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment, O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment and mutation of putative O-GlcNAcylation sites displays different substrate specificity from that of CARM1WT. 25585345 3 37 from effects 408:414 arg1 functions 449:457 biological functions 438:457 biological functions of CARM1 438:466 However, the site(s) of O-GlcNAcylation were not mapped and the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on biological functions of CARM1 were undetermined. 25585345 0 38 theme methyltransferase 52:68 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 0:14 O-GlcNAcylation 0:14 O-GlcNAcylation of co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 0:70 O-GlcNAcylation of co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 regulates its protein substrate specificity. 25585345 9 39 theme important 1632:1640 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1583:1597 O-GlcNAcylation 1583:1597 O-GlcNAcylation of CARM1 at its C-terminus 1583:1624 Our findings suggest that O-GlcNAcylation of CARM1 at its C-terminus is an important determinant for CARM1 substrate specificity. 25585345 9 39 theme important 1632:1640 arg1 determinant 1642:1652 an important determinant 1629:1652 an important determinant for CARM1 substrate specificity 1629:1684 Our findings suggest that O-GlcNAcylation of CARM1 at its C-terminus is an important determinant for CARM1 substrate specificity. 25585345 6 40 theme [CARM1 1028:1033 arg1 CARM1QM 1053:1059 CARM1QM 1053:1059 CARM1QM 1053:1059 Mutation of all four sites [CARM1 quadruple mutant (CARM1QM)] markedly decreased O-GlcNAcylation, but did not affect protein stability, dimerization or cellular localization of CARM1. 25585345 6 40 theme [CARM1 1028:1033 arg1 mutant 1045:1050 [CARM1 quadruple mutant 1028:1050 all four sites [CARM1 quadruple mutant (CARM1QM)] 1013:1061 Mutation of all four sites [CARM1 quadruple mutant (CARM1QM)] markedly decreased O-GlcNAcylation, but did not affect protein stability, dimerization or cellular localization of CARM1. 25585345 3 41 theme CARM1 462:466 arg1 functions 449:457 biological functions 438:457 biological functions of CARM1 438:466 However, the site(s) of O-GlcNAcylation were not mapped and the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on biological functions of CARM1 were undetermined. 25585345 5 42 theme O-GlcNAc 881:888 arg1 moiety 890:895 The O-GlcNAc moiety 877:895 The O-GlcNAc moiety 877:895 The O-GlcNAc moiety was mapped by MS to four possible sites (Ser595, Ser598, Thr601 and Thr603) in the C-terminus of CARM1. 25585345 4 43 dep found 616:620 arg1 using 594:598 using 594:598 using top-down MS. 594:611 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 7 44 theme transcription 1279:1291 arg1 factors 1293:1299 a few transcription factors 1273:1299 a few transcription factors known to be activated by CARM1 1273:1330 Moreover, CARM1QM elicits similar co-activator activity as CARM1 wild-type (CARM1WT) on a few transcription factors known to be activated by CARM1. 25585345 8 45 theme substrate 1513:1521 arg1 specificity 1523:1533 different substrate specificity 1503:1533 different substrate specificity 1503:1533 However, O-GlcNAc-depleted CARM1 generated by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment, O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment and mutation of putative O-GlcNAcylation sites displays different substrate specificity from that of CARM1WT. 25585345 3 46 theme O-GlcNAcylation 368:382 arg1 s 362:362 the site(s) 353:363 the site(s) of O-GlcNAcylation 353:382 However, the site(s) of O-GlcNAcylation were not mapped and the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on biological functions of CARM1 were undetermined. 25585345 8 47 theme putative 1463:1470 arg1 sites 1488:1492 putative O-GlcNAcylation sites 1463:1492 putative O-GlcNAcylation sites 1463:1492 However, O-GlcNAc-depleted CARM1 generated by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment, O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment and mutation of putative O-GlcNAcylation sites displays different substrate specificity from that of CARM1WT. 25585345 7 48 theme co-activator 1219:1230 arg1 activity 1232:1239 similar co-activator activity 1211:1239 similar co-activator activity 1211:1239 Moreover, CARM1QM elicits similar co-activator activity as CARM1 wild-type (CARM1WT) on a few transcription factors known to be activated by CARM1. 25585345 4 49 theme top-down 600:607 arg1 MS. 609:611 top-down MS. 600:611 top-down MS. 600:611 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 8 50 theme O-GlcNAcase 1419:1429 arg1 treatment 1437:1445 O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment 1419:1445 O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment 1419:1445 However, O-GlcNAc-depleted CARM1 generated by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment, O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment and mutation of putative O-GlcNAcylation sites displays different substrate specificity from that of CARM1WT. 25585345 6 51 theme cellular 1153:1160 arg1 localization 1162:1173 cellular localization 1153:1173 cellular localization 1153:1173 Mutation of all four sites [CARM1 quadruple mutant (CARM1QM)] markedly decreased O-GlcNAcylation, but did not affect protein stability, dimerization or cellular localization of CARM1. 25585345 4 52 theme human 673:677 arg1 HEK293T 697:703 HEK293T 697:703 HEK293T 697:703 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 4 52 theme human 673:677 arg1 kidney 689:694 human embryonic kidney 673:694 human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells 673:710 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 6 53 theme CARM1 1178:1182 arg1 localization 1162:1173 cellular localization 1153:1173 cellular localization 1153:1173 Mutation of all four sites [CARM1 quadruple mutant (CARM1QM)] markedly decreased O-GlcNAcylation, but did not affect protein stability, dimerization or cellular localization of CARM1. 25585345 6 53 theme CARM1 1178:1182 arg1 stability 1126:1134 protein stability 1118:1134 protein stability 1118:1134 Mutation of all four sites [CARM1 quadruple mutant (CARM1QM)] markedly decreased O-GlcNAcylation, but did not affect protein stability, dimerization or cellular localization of CARM1. 25585345 6 53 theme CARM1 1178:1182 arg1 dimerization 1137:1148 dimerization 1137:1148 dimerization 1137:1148 Mutation of all four sites [CARM1 quadruple mutant (CARM1QM)] markedly decreased O-GlcNAcylation, but did not affect protein stability, dimerization or cellular localization of CARM1. 25585345 8 54 theme sites 1488:1492 arg1 mutation 1451:1458 mutation 1451:1458 mutation of putative O-GlcNAcylation sites 1451:1492 However, O-GlcNAc-depleted CARM1 generated by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment, O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment and mutation of putative O-GlcNAcylation sites displays different substrate specificity from that of CARM1WT. 25585345 8 54 theme sites 1488:1492 arg1 enrichment 1407:1416 wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment 1379:1416 wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment 1379:1416 However, O-GlcNAc-depleted CARM1 generated by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment, O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment and mutation of putative O-GlcNAcylation sites displays different substrate specificity from that of CARM1WT. 25585345 8 54 theme sites 1488:1492 arg1 treatment 1437:1445 O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment 1419:1445 O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment 1419:1445 However, O-GlcNAc-depleted CARM1 generated by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment, O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment and mutation of putative O-GlcNAcylation sites displays different substrate specificity from that of CARM1WT. 25585345 4 55 theme O-GlcNAc 854:861 arg1 moiety 864:869 a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31] 813:874 a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31] 813:874 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 6 56 theme protein 1118:1124 arg1 stability 1126:1134 protein stability 1118:1134 protein stability 1118:1134 Mutation of all four sites [CARM1 quadruple mutant (CARM1QM)] markedly decreased O-GlcNAcylation, but did not affect protein stability, dimerization or cellular localization of CARM1. 25585345 6 57 theme quadruple 1035:1043 arg1 CARM1QM 1053:1059 CARM1QM 1053:1059 CARM1QM 1053:1059 Mutation of all four sites [CARM1 quadruple mutant (CARM1QM)] markedly decreased O-GlcNAcylation, but did not affect protein stability, dimerization or cellular localization of CARM1. 25585345 6 57 theme quadruple 1035:1043 arg1 mutant 1045:1050 [CARM1 quadruple mutant 1028:1050 all four sites [CARM1 quadruple mutant (CARM1QM)] 1013:1061 Mutation of all four sites [CARM1 quadruple mutant (CARM1QM)] markedly decreased O-GlcNAcylation, but did not affect protein stability, dimerization or cellular localization of CARM1. 25585345 0 58 theme substrate 94:102 arg1 specificity 104:114 its protein substrate specificity 82:114 its protein substrate specificity 82:114 O-GlcNAcylation of co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 regulates its protein substrate specificity. 25585345 4 59 theme present 494:500 arg1 study 502:506 the present study 490:506 the present study 490:506 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 8 60 theme OGA 1432:1434 arg1 treatment 1437:1445 O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment 1419:1445 O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment 1419:1445 However, O-GlcNAc-depleted CARM1 generated by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment, O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment and mutation of putative O-GlcNAcylation sites displays different substrate specificity from that of CARM1WT. 25585345 8 61 theme agglutinin 1390:1399 arg1 enrichment 1407:1416 wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment 1379:1416 wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment 1379:1416 However, O-GlcNAc-depleted CARM1 generated by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment, O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment and mutation of putative O-GlcNAcylation sites displays different substrate specificity from that of CARM1WT. 25585345 4 62 theme kidney 689:694 arg1 cells 706:710 human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells 673:710 human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells 673:710 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 0 63 theme protein 86:92 arg1 specificity 104:114 its protein substrate specificity 82:114 its protein substrate specificity 82:114 O-GlcNAcylation of co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 regulates its protein substrate specificity. 25585345 4 64 theme modification 575:586 arg1 mapping 539:545 the comprehensive mapping 521:545 the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31] 521:874 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 0 65 theme co-activator-associated 19:41 arg1 methyltransferase 52:68 co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 19:70 co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 19:70 O-GlcNAcylation of co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 regulates its protein substrate specificity. 25585345 4 66 theme embryonic 679:687 arg1 HEK293T 697:703 HEK293T 697:703 HEK293T 697:703 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 25585345 4 66 theme embryonic 679:687 arg1 kidney 689:694 human embryonic kidney 673:694 human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells 673:710 In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. 27345611 3 0 link N-linked 543:550 arg1 sites 579:583 N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites 543:583 sites 579:583 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 4 1 theme NS 968:969 arg1 consumption 971:981 NS consumption 968:981 NS consumption towards CHO cell glycosylation 968:1012 We have identified the most abundant N-linked and O-GalNAc CHO glycoproteins, obtained the weighted frequency of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosites across the CHO cell proteome, and have derived stoichiometric coefficients for NS consumption towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 4 2 theme glycosites 878:887 arg1 frequency 843:851 the weighted frequency 830:851 the weighted frequency of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosites 830:887 We have identified the most abundant N-linked and O-GalNAc CHO glycoproteins, obtained the weighted frequency of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosites across the CHO cell proteome, and have derived stoichiometric coefficients for NS consumption towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 1 3 theme many 165:168 arg1 safety 142:147 safety 142:147 safety 142:147 Glycosylation greatly influences the safety and efficacy of many of the highest-selling recombinant therapeutic proteins (rTPs). 27345611 1 3 theme many 165:168 arg1 efficacy 153:160 efficacy 153:160 efficacy 153:160 Glycosylation greatly influences the safety and efficacy of many of the highest-selling recombinant therapeutic proteins (rTPs). 27345611 6 4 theme consistent 1452:1461 arg1 glycosylation 1467:1479 optimal and consistent rTP glycosylation 1440:1479 optimal and consistent rTP glycosylation 1440:1479 The estimated demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation can be used to rationally design feeding strategies that ensure optimal and consistent rTP glycosylation. 27345611 0 5 theme Ovary 75:79 arg1 glycosylation 90:102 Chinese Hamster Ovary cellular glycosylation 59:102 Chinese Hamster Ovary cellular glycosylation 59:102 A theoretical estimate for nucleotide sugar demand towards Chinese Hamster Ovary cellular glycosylation. 27345611 5 6 theme CHO 1139:1141 arg1 cells 1143:1147 CHO cells 1139:1147 CHO cells 1139:1147 By combining the obtained stoichiometric coefficients with previously reported data for specific growth and productivity of CHO cells, we observe that the demand of NSs towards glycosylation is significant and, thus, is required to better understand the burden of glycosylation on cellular metabolism. 27345611 4 7 theme weighted 834:841 arg1 frequency 843:851 the weighted frequency 830:851 the weighted frequency of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosites 830:887 We have identified the most abundant N-linked and O-GalNAc CHO glycoproteins, obtained the weighted frequency of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosites across the CHO cell proteome, and have derived stoichiometric coefficients for NS consumption towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 8 theme reported 492:499 arg1 glycoproteome 501:513 the reported glycoproteome 488:513 the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells 488:526 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 6 9 theme feeding 1409:1415 arg1 strategies 1417:1426 feeding strategies 1409:1426 feeding strategies that ensure optimal and consistent rTP glycosylation 1409:1479 The estimated demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation can be used to rationally design feeding strategies that ensure optimal and consistent rTP glycosylation. 27345611 6 10 theme CHO 1353:1355 arg1 glycosylation 1362:1374 CHO cell glycosylation 1353:1374 CHO cell glycosylation 1353:1374 The estimated demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation can be used to rationally design feeding strategies that ensure optimal and consistent rTP glycosylation. 27345611 3 11 theme CHO 658:660 arg1 glycosphingolipids 662:679 CHO glycosphingolipids 658:679 CHO glycosphingolipids 658:679 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 4 12 theme N-linked 856:863 arg1 glycosites 878:887 N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosites 856:887 glycosites 878:887 We have identified the most abundant N-linked and O-GalNAc CHO glycoproteins, obtained the weighted frequency of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosites across the CHO cell proteome, and have derived stoichiometric coefficients for NS consumption towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 4 13 theme CHO 802:804 arg1 glycoproteins 806:818 the most abundant N-linked and O-GalNAc CHO glycoproteins 762:818 glycoproteins 806:818 We have identified the most abundant N-linked and O-GalNAc CHO glycoproteins, obtained the weighted frequency of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosites across the CHO cell proteome, and have derived stoichiometric coefficients for NS consumption towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 1 14 dep safety 142:147 arg1 the 138:140 the 138:140 the 138:140 Glycosylation greatly influences the safety and efficacy of many of the highest-selling recombinant therapeutic proteins (rTPs). 27345611 6 15 theme optimal 1440:1446 arg1 glycosylation 1467:1479 optimal and consistent rTP glycosylation 1440:1479 optimal and consistent rTP glycosylation 1440:1479 The estimated demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation can be used to rationally design feeding strategies that ensure optimal and consistent rTP glycosylation. 27345611 5 16 from burden 1269:1274 arg1 metabolism 1305:1314 cellular metabolism 1296:1314 cellular metabolism 1296:1314 By combining the obtained stoichiometric coefficients with previously reported data for specific growth and productivity of CHO cells, we observe that the demand of NSs towards glycosylation is significant and, thus, is required to better understand the burden of glycosylation on cellular metabolism. 27345611 3 17 from glycoproteome 501:513 arg1 HCPs 619:622 HCPs 619:622 HCPs 619:622 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 17 from glycoproteome 501:513 arg1 proteins 609:616 individual host cell proteins 588:616 individual host cell proteins (HCPs) 588:623 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 2 18 theme nucleotide 353:362 arg1 NSs 372:374 NSs 372:374 NSs 372:374 In order to define optimal cell culture feeding strategies that control rTP glycosylation, it is necessary to know how nucleotide sugars (NSs) are consumed towards host cell and rTP glycosylation. 27345611 2 18 theme nucleotide 353:362 arg1 sugars 364:369 nucleotide sugars 353:369 nucleotide sugars (NSs) 353:375 In order to define optimal cell culture feeding strategies that control rTP glycosylation, it is necessary to know how nucleotide sugars (NSs) are consumed towards host cell and rTP glycosylation. 27345611 6 19 theme NSs 1341:1343 arg1 demand 1331:1336 The estimated demand 1317:1336 The estimated demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation 1317:1374 The estimated demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation can be used to rationally design feeding strategies that ensure optimal and consistent rTP glycosylation. 27345611 5 20 theme specific 1103:1110 arg1 growth 1112:1117 growth 1112:1117 growth 1112:1117 By combining the obtained stoichiometric coefficients with previously reported data for specific growth and productivity of CHO cells, we observe that the demand of NSs towards glycosylation is significant and, thus, is required to better understand the burden of glycosylation on cellular metabolism. 27345611 3 21 theme CHO 518:520 arg1 cells 522:526 CHO cells 518:526 CHO cells 518:526 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 2 22 theme feeding 274:280 arg1 strategies 282:291 optimal cell culture feeding strategies 253:291 optimal cell culture feeding strategies that control rTP glycosylation 253:322 In order to define optimal cell culture feeding strategies that control rTP glycosylation, it is necessary to know how nucleotide sugars (NSs) are consumed towards host cell and rTP glycosylation. 27345611 1 23 theme highest-selling 177:191 arg1 rTPs 227:230 rTPs 227:230 rTPs 227:230 Glycosylation greatly influences the safety and efficacy of many of the highest-selling recombinant therapeutic proteins (rTPs). 27345611 1 23 theme highest-selling 177:191 arg1 proteins 217:224 the highest-selling recombinant therapeutic proteins 173:224 the highest-selling recombinant therapeutic proteins (rTPs) 173:231 Glycosylation greatly influences the safety and efficacy of many of the highest-selling recombinant therapeutic proteins (rTPs). 27345611 4 24 link N-linked 856:863 arg1 glycosites 878:887 N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosites 856:887 glycosites 878:887 We have identified the most abundant N-linked and O-GalNAc CHO glycoproteins, obtained the weighted frequency of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosites across the CHO cell proteome, and have derived stoichiometric coefficients for NS consumption towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 25 from content 647:653 arg1 HCPs 619:622 HCPs 619:622 HCPs 619:622 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 25 from content 647:653 arg1 proteins 609:616 individual host cell proteins 588:616 individual host cell proteins (HCPs) 588:623 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 26 theme N-linked 543:550 arg1 sites 579:583 N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites 543:583 sites 579:583 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 27 from proteins 609:616 arg1 glycoproteome 501:513 the reported glycoproteome 488:513 the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells 488:526 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 27 from proteins 609:616 arg1 number 533:538 the number 529:538 the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs) 529:623 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 27 from proteins 609:616 arg1 content 647:653 the carbohydrate content 630:653 the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids 630:679 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 1 28 theme recombinant 193:203 arg1 rTPs 227:230 rTPs 227:230 rTPs 227:230 Glycosylation greatly influences the safety and efficacy of many of the highest-selling recombinant therapeutic proteins (rTPs). 27345611 1 28 theme recombinant 193:203 arg1 proteins 217:224 the highest-selling recombinant therapeutic proteins 173:224 the highest-selling recombinant therapeutic proteins (rTPs) 173:231 Glycosylation greatly influences the safety and efficacy of many of the highest-selling recombinant therapeutic proteins (rTPs). 27345611 3 29 theme CHO 719:721 arg1 glycosylation 728:740 CHO cell glycosylation 719:740 CHO cell glycosylation 719:740 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 5 30 theme cells 1143:1147 arg1 growth 1112:1117 growth 1112:1117 growth 1112:1117 By combining the obtained stoichiometric coefficients with previously reported data for specific growth and productivity of CHO cells, we observe that the demand of NSs towards glycosylation is significant and, thus, is required to better understand the burden of glycosylation on cellular metabolism. 27345611 5 30 theme cells 1143:1147 arg1 productivity 1123:1134 productivity 1123:1134 productivity 1123:1134 By combining the obtained stoichiometric coefficients with previously reported data for specific growth and productivity of CHO cells, we observe that the demand of NSs towards glycosylation is significant and, thus, is required to better understand the burden of glycosylation on cellular metabolism. 27345611 0 31 dep Ovary 75:79 arg1 Chinese 59:65 Chinese 59:65 Chinese 59:65 A theoretical estimate for nucleotide sugar demand towards Chinese Hamster Ovary cellular glycosylation. 27345611 0 31 dep Ovary 75:79 arg1 cellular 81:88 cellular 81:88 cellular 81:88 A theoretical estimate for nucleotide sugar demand towards Chinese Hamster Ovary cellular glycosylation. 27345611 0 31 dep Ovary 75:79 arg1 Hamster 67:73 Hamster 67:73 Hamster 67:73 A theoretical estimate for nucleotide sugar demand towards Chinese Hamster Ovary cellular glycosylation. 27345611 5 32 theme glycosylation 1279:1291 arg1 burden 1269:1274 the burden 1265:1274 the burden of glycosylation on cellular metabolism 1265:1314 By combining the obtained stoichiometric coefficients with previously reported data for specific growth and productivity of CHO cells, we observe that the demand of NSs towards glycosylation is significant and, thus, is required to better understand the burden of glycosylation on cellular metabolism. 27345611 1 33 theme therapeutic 205:215 arg1 rTPs 227:230 rTPs 227:230 rTPs 227:230 Glycosylation greatly influences the safety and efficacy of many of the highest-selling recombinant therapeutic proteins (rTPs). 27345611 1 33 theme therapeutic 205:215 arg1 proteins 217:224 the highest-selling recombinant therapeutic proteins 173:224 the highest-selling recombinant therapeutic proteins (rTPs) 173:231 Glycosylation greatly influences the safety and efficacy of many of the highest-selling recombinant therapeutic proteins (rTPs). 27345611 3 34 theme cell 723:726 arg1 glycosylation 728:740 CHO cell glycosylation 719:740 CHO cell glycosylation 719:740 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 4 35 theme CHO 900:902 arg1 proteome 909:916 the CHO cell proteome 896:916 the CHO cell proteome 896:916 We have identified the most abundant N-linked and O-GalNAc CHO glycoproteins, obtained the weighted frequency of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosites across the CHO cell proteome, and have derived stoichiometric coefficients for NS consumption towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 4 36 theme O-GalNAc 793:800 arg1 glycoproteins 806:818 the most abundant N-linked and O-GalNAc CHO glycoproteins 762:818 glycoproteins 806:818 We have identified the most abundant N-linked and O-GalNAc CHO glycoproteins, obtained the weighted frequency of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosites across the CHO cell proteome, and have derived stoichiometric coefficients for NS consumption towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 6 37 theme cell 1357:1360 arg1 glycosylation 1362:1374 CHO cell glycosylation 1353:1374 CHO cell glycosylation 1353:1374 The estimated demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation can be used to rationally design feeding strategies that ensure optimal and consistent rTP glycosylation. 27345611 1 38 theme proteins 217:224 arg1 rTPs 227:230 rTPs 227:230 rTPs 227:230 Glycosylation greatly influences the safety and efficacy of many of the highest-selling recombinant therapeutic proteins (rTPs). 27345611 1 38 theme proteins 217:224 arg1 many 165:168 many 165:168 many 165:168 Glycosylation greatly influences the safety and efficacy of many of the highest-selling recombinant therapeutic proteins (rTPs). 27345611 1 38 theme proteins 217:224 arg1 proteins 217:224 the highest-selling recombinant therapeutic proteins 173:224 the highest-selling recombinant therapeutic proteins (rTPs) 173:231 Glycosylation greatly influences the safety and efficacy of many of the highest-selling recombinant therapeutic proteins (rTPs). 27345611 2 39 theme rTP 412:414 arg1 glycosylation 416:428 rTP glycosylation 412:428 rTP glycosylation 412:428 In order to define optimal cell culture feeding strategies that control rTP glycosylation, it is necessary to know how nucleotide sugars (NSs) are consumed towards host cell and rTP glycosylation. 27345611 3 40 theme NSs 707:709 arg1 demand 697:702 the demand 693:702 the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation 693:740 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 6 41 theme estimated 1321:1329 arg1 demand 1331:1336 The estimated demand 1317:1336 The estimated demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation 1317:1374 The estimated demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation can be used to rationally design feeding strategies that ensure optimal and consistent rTP glycosylation. 27345611 6 42 used used 1383:1386 arg2 demand 1331:1336 The estimated demand 1317:1336 The estimated demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation 1317:1374 The estimated demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation can be used to rationally design feeding strategies that ensure optimal and consistent rTP glycosylation. 27345611 2 43 theme rTP 306:308 arg1 glycosylation 310:322 rTP glycosylation 306:322 rTP glycosylation 306:322 In order to define optimal cell culture feeding strategies that control rTP glycosylation, it is necessary to know how nucleotide sugars (NSs) are consumed towards host cell and rTP glycosylation. 27345611 3 44 from sites 579:583 arg1 HCPs 619:622 HCPs 619:622 HCPs 619:622 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 44 from sites 579:583 arg1 proteins 609:616 individual host cell proteins 588:616 individual host cell proteins (HCPs) 588:623 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 0 45 theme sugar 38:42 arg1 demand 44:49 nucleotide sugar demand 27:49 nucleotide sugar demand towards Chinese Hamster Ovary cellular glycosylation 27:102 A theoretical estimate for nucleotide sugar demand towards Chinese Hamster Ovary cellular glycosylation. 27345611 5 46 theme NSs 1180:1182 arg1 demand 1170:1175 the demand 1166:1175 the demand of NSs towards glycosylation 1166:1204 By combining the obtained stoichiometric coefficients with previously reported data for specific growth and productivity of CHO cells, we observe that the demand of NSs towards glycosylation is significant and, thus, is required to better understand the burden of glycosylation on cellular metabolism. 27345611 5 46 theme NSs 1180:1182 arg1 significant 1209:1219 significant 1209:1219 significant 1209:1219 By combining the obtained stoichiometric coefficients with previously reported data for specific growth and productivity of CHO cells, we observe that the demand of NSs towards glycosylation is significant and, thus, is required to better understand the burden of glycosylation on cellular metabolism. 27345611 5 46 theme NSs 1180:1182 arg1 required 1235:1242 required 1235:1242 is required to better understand the burden of glycosylation on cellular metabolism 1232:1314 By combining the obtained stoichiometric coefficients with previously reported data for specific growth and productivity of CHO cells, we observe that the demand of NSs towards glycosylation is significant and, thus, is required to better understand the burden of glycosylation on cellular metabolism. 27345611 2 47 theme host 398:401 arg1 cell 403:406 host cell 398:406 host cell 398:406 In order to define optimal cell culture feeding strategies that control rTP glycosylation, it is necessary to know how nucleotide sugars (NSs) are consumed towards host cell and rTP glycosylation. 27345611 3 48 theme sites 579:583 arg1 glycoproteome 501:513 the reported glycoproteome 488:513 the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells 488:526 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 48 theme sites 579:583 arg1 number 533:538 the number 529:538 the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs) 529:623 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 48 theme sites 579:583 arg1 content 647:653 the carbohydrate content 630:653 the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids 630:679 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 49 gly glycosylation 565:577 arg2 sites 579:583 N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites 543:583 sites 579:583 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 0 50 theme nucleotide 27:36 arg1 demand 44:49 nucleotide sugar demand 27:49 nucleotide sugar demand towards Chinese Hamster Ovary cellular glycosylation 27:102 A theoretical estimate for nucleotide sugar demand towards Chinese Hamster Ovary cellular glycosylation. 27345611 4 51 theme cell 904:907 arg1 proteome 909:916 the CHO cell proteome 896:916 the CHO cell proteome 896:916 We have identified the most abundant N-linked and O-GalNAc CHO glycoproteins, obtained the weighted frequency of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosites across the CHO cell proteome, and have derived stoichiometric coefficients for NS consumption towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 5 52 theme reported 1085:1092 arg1 data 1094:1097 previously reported data 1074:1097 previously reported data for specific growth and productivity of CHO cells 1074:1147 By combining the obtained stoichiometric coefficients with previously reported data for specific growth and productivity of CHO cells, we observe that the demand of NSs towards glycosylation is significant and, thus, is required to better understand the burden of glycosylation on cellular metabolism. 27345611 4 53 dep N-linked 780:787 arg1 abundant 771:778 abundant 771:778 abundant 771:778 We have identified the most abundant N-linked and O-GalNAc CHO glycoproteins, obtained the weighted frequency of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosites across the CHO cell proteome, and have derived stoichiometric coefficients for NS consumption towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 4 54 theme cell 995:998 arg1 glycosylation 1000:1012 CHO cell glycosylation 991:1012 CHO cell glycosylation 991:1012 We have identified the most abundant N-linked and O-GalNAc CHO glycoproteins, obtained the weighted frequency of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosites across the CHO cell proteome, and have derived stoichiometric coefficients for NS consumption towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 4 55 theme O-GalNAc 869:876 arg1 glycosites 878:887 N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosites 856:887 glycosites 878:887 We have identified the most abundant N-linked and O-GalNAc CHO glycoproteins, obtained the weighted frequency of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosites across the CHO cell proteome, and have derived stoichiometric coefficients for NS consumption towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 5 56 theme obtained 1032:1039 arg1 coefficients 1056:1067 the obtained stoichiometric coefficients 1028:1067 the obtained stoichiometric coefficients 1028:1067 By combining the obtained stoichiometric coefficients with previously reported data for specific growth and productivity of CHO cells, we observe that the demand of NSs towards glycosylation is significant and, thus, is required to better understand the burden of glycosylation on cellular metabolism. 27345611 3 57 theme O-GalNAc 556:563 arg1 sites 579:583 N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites 543:583 sites 579:583 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 4 58 theme CHO 991:993 arg1 glycosylation 1000:1012 CHO cell glycosylation 991:1012 CHO cell glycosylation 991:1012 We have identified the most abundant N-linked and O-GalNAc CHO glycoproteins, obtained the weighted frequency of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosites across the CHO cell proteome, and have derived stoichiometric coefficients for NS consumption towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 59 theme carbohydrate 634:645 arg1 content 647:653 the carbohydrate content 630:653 the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids 630:679 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 60 theme glycosylation 565:577 arg1 sites 579:583 N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites 543:583 sites 579:583 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 61 from number 533:538 arg1 HCPs 619:622 HCPs 619:622 HCPs 619:622 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 61 from number 533:538 arg1 proteins 609:616 individual host cell proteins 588:616 individual host cell proteins (HCPs) 588:623 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 62 theme cell 604:607 arg1 HCPs 619:622 HCPs 619:622 HCPs 619:622 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 62 theme cell 604:607 arg1 proteins 609:616 individual host cell proteins 588:616 individual host cell proteins (HCPs) 588:623 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 2 63 theme culture 266:272 arg1 strategies 282:291 optimal cell culture feeding strategies 253:291 optimal cell culture feeding strategies that control rTP glycosylation 253:322 In order to define optimal cell culture feeding strategies that control rTP glycosylation, it is necessary to know how nucleotide sugars (NSs) are consumed towards host cell and rTP glycosylation. 27345611 3 64 theme theoretical 450:460 arg1 framework 462:470 a theoretical framework 448:470 a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation 448:740 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 65 theme individual 588:597 arg1 HCPs 619:622 HCPs 619:622 HCPs 619:622 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 65 theme individual 588:597 arg1 proteins 609:616 individual host cell proteins 588:616 individual host cell proteins (HCPs) 588:623 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 66 theme cells 522:526 arg1 glycoproteome 501:513 the reported glycoproteome 488:513 the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells 488:526 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 66 theme cells 522:526 arg1 number 533:538 the number 529:538 the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs) 529:623 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 66 theme cells 522:526 arg1 content 647:653 the carbohydrate content 630:653 the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids 630:679 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 5 67 theme stoichiometric 1041:1054 arg1 coefficients 1056:1067 the obtained stoichiometric coefficients 1028:1067 the obtained stoichiometric coefficients 1028:1067 By combining the obtained stoichiometric coefficients with previously reported data for specific growth and productivity of CHO cells, we observe that the demand of NSs towards glycosylation is significant and, thus, is required to better understand the burden of glycosylation on cellular metabolism. 27345611 2 68 theme cell 261:264 arg1 strategies 282:291 optimal cell culture feeding strategies 253:291 optimal cell culture feeding strategies that control rTP glycosylation 253:322 In order to define optimal cell culture feeding strategies that control rTP glycosylation, it is necessary to know how nucleotide sugars (NSs) are consumed towards host cell and rTP glycosylation. 27345611 5 69 dep significant 1209:1219 arg1 demand 1170:1175 the demand 1166:1175 the demand of NSs towards glycosylation 1166:1204 By combining the obtained stoichiometric coefficients with previously reported data for specific growth and productivity of CHO cells, we observe that the demand of NSs towards glycosylation is significant and, thus, is required to better understand the burden of glycosylation on cellular metabolism. 27345611 5 69 dep significant 1209:1219 arg1 significant 1209:1219 significant 1209:1219 significant 1209:1219 By combining the obtained stoichiometric coefficients with previously reported data for specific growth and productivity of CHO cells, we observe that the demand of NSs towards glycosylation is significant and, thus, is required to better understand the burden of glycosylation on cellular metabolism. 27345611 5 69 dep significant 1209:1219 arg1 required 1235:1242 required 1235:1242 is required to better understand the burden of glycosylation on cellular metabolism 1232:1314 By combining the obtained stoichiometric coefficients with previously reported data for specific growth and productivity of CHO cells, we observe that the demand of NSs towards glycosylation is significant and, thus, is required to better understand the burden of glycosylation on cellular metabolism. 27345611 4 70 gly glycosites 878:887 arg2 glycosites 878:887 N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosites 856:887 glycosites 878:887 We have identified the most abundant N-linked and O-GalNAc CHO glycoproteins, obtained the weighted frequency of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosites across the CHO cell proteome, and have derived stoichiometric coefficients for NS consumption towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 2 71 theme optimal 253:259 arg1 strategies 282:291 optimal cell culture feeding strategies 253:291 optimal cell culture feeding strategies that control rTP glycosylation 253:322 In order to define optimal cell culture feeding strategies that control rTP glycosylation, it is necessary to know how nucleotide sugars (NSs) are consumed towards host cell and rTP glycosylation. 27345611 4 72 gly glycoproteins 806:818 arg1 glycoproteins 806:818 the most abundant N-linked and O-GalNAc CHO glycoproteins 762:818 glycoproteins 806:818 We have identified the most abundant N-linked and O-GalNAc CHO glycoproteins, obtained the weighted frequency of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosites across the CHO cell proteome, and have derived stoichiometric coefficients for NS consumption towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 4 73 theme stoichiometric 936:949 arg1 coefficients 951:962 stoichiometric coefficients 936:962 stoichiometric coefficients for NS consumption towards CHO cell glycosylation 936:1012 We have identified the most abundant N-linked and O-GalNAc CHO glycoproteins, obtained the weighted frequency of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosites across the CHO cell proteome, and have derived stoichiometric coefficients for NS consumption towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 74 theme glycosphingolipids 662:679 arg1 glycoproteome 501:513 the reported glycoproteome 488:513 the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells 488:526 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 74 theme glycosphingolipids 662:679 arg1 number 533:538 the number 529:538 the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs) 529:623 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 74 theme glycosphingolipids 662:679 arg1 content 647:653 the carbohydrate content 630:653 the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids 630:679 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 75 theme host 599:602 arg1 HCPs 619:622 HCPs 619:622 HCPs 619:622 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 3 75 theme host 599:602 arg1 proteins 609:616 individual host cell proteins 588:616 individual host cell proteins (HCPs) 588:623 Here, we present a theoretical framework that integrates the reported glycoproteome of CHO cells, the number of N-linked and O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on individual host cell proteins (HCPs), and the carbohydrate content of CHO glycosphingolipids to estimate the demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation. 27345611 5 76 theme cellular 1296:1303 arg1 metabolism 1305:1314 cellular metabolism 1296:1314 cellular metabolism 1296:1314 By combining the obtained stoichiometric coefficients with previously reported data for specific growth and productivity of CHO cells, we observe that the demand of NSs towards glycosylation is significant and, thus, is required to better understand the burden of glycosylation on cellular metabolism. 27345611 6 77 theme rTP 1463:1465 arg1 glycosylation 1467:1479 optimal and consistent rTP glycosylation 1440:1479 optimal and consistent rTP glycosylation 1440:1479 The estimated demand of NSs towards CHO cell glycosylation can be used to rationally design feeding strategies that ensure optimal and consistent rTP glycosylation. 25820729 5 0 contain have 1007:1010 arg2 tools 1025:1029 poor tools 1020:1029 poor tools for selective enrichment.Here 1020:1059 Unfortunately, for most of the more than 300 known modifications we have none or poor tools for selective enrichment.Here, we describe a comprehensive workflow to simultaneously study phosphorylation, acetylation, and N-linked sialylated glycosylation from the same biological sample. 25820729 5 0 contain have 1007:1010 arg2 none 1012:1015 none 1012:1015 none 1012:1015 Unfortunately, for most of the more than 300 known modifications we have none or poor tools for selective enrichment.Here, we describe a comprehensive workflow to simultaneously study phosphorylation, acetylation, and N-linked sialylated glycosylation from the same biological sample. 25820729 5 0 contain have 1007:1010 arg1 we 1004:1005 we 1004:1005 we 1004:1005 Unfortunately, for most of the more than 300 known modifications we have none or poor tools for selective enrichment.Here, we describe a comprehensive workflow to simultaneously study phosphorylation, acetylation, and N-linked sialylated glycosylation from the same biological sample. 25820729 2 1 theme molecular 366:374 arg1 mass 376:379 the molecular mass 362:379 the molecular mass of a protein 362:392 Since most PTMs alter the molecular mass of a protein, mass spectrometry (MS) is the ideal analytical tool for studying various PTMs. 25820729 6 2 theme deglycosylated 1520:1533 arg1 peptides 1535:1542 separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides 1487:1542 separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones 1487:1573 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 6 3 link N-linked 1331:1338 arg1 glycopeptides 1340:1352 sialylated N-linked glycopeptides 1320:1352 sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones 1320:1573 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 3 4 from present 502:508 arg1 levels 531:536 substoichiometric levels 513:536 substoichiometric levels 513:536 However, PTMs are generally present in substoichiometric levels and therefore their unmodified counterpart often suppresses their signal in MS. Consequently, PTM analysis by MS is a challenging task requiring highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods. 25820729 8 5 theme first 1807:1811 arg1 TiO2 1813:1816 the first TiO2 flow-through 1803:1829 the first TiO2 flow-through 1803:1829 In addition, the acetylated peptides present in the first TiO2 flow-through are enriched by immunoprecipitation (IP). 25820729 10 6 theme study 2209:2213 arg1 quality 2178:2184 the quality 2174:2184 the quality of each individual PTM study 2174:2213 This allows the analysis of multiple types of modifications from the same highly complex biological sample without decreasing the quality of each individual PTM study. 25820729 3 7 theme enrichment 716:725 arg1 methods 727:733 highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods 683:733 highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods 683:733 However, PTMs are generally present in substoichiometric levels and therefore their unmodified counterpart often suppresses their signal in MS. Consequently, PTM analysis by MS is a challenging task requiring highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods. 25820729 6 8 theme separate 1487:1494 arg1 peptides 1535:1542 separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides 1487:1542 separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones 1487:1573 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 8 9 theme flow-through 1818:1829 arg1 TiO2 1813:1816 the first TiO2 flow-through 1803:1829 the first TiO2 flow-through 1803:1829 In addition, the acetylated peptides present in the first TiO2 flow-through are enriched by immunoprecipitation (IP). 25820729 6 10 gly glycopeptides 1340:1352 arg2 glycopeptides 1340:1352 sialylated N-linked glycopeptides 1320:1352 sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones 1320:1573 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 9 11 theme LC-MS/MS 2029:2036 arg1 analysis 2038:2045 LC-MS/MS analysis 2029:2045 LC-MS/MS analysis 2029:2045 Finally, the samples are fractionated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) to reduce sample complexity and increase the coverage during LC-MS/MS analysis. 25820729 10 12 theme multiple 2076:2083 arg1 types 2085:2089 multiple types 2076:2089 multiple types of modifications from the same highly complex biological sample 2076:2153 This allows the analysis of multiple types of modifications from the same highly complex biological sample without decreasing the quality of each individual PTM study. 25820729 5 13 theme selective 1035:1043 arg1 enrichment.Here 1045:1059 selective enrichment.Here 1035:1059 selective enrichment.Here 1035:1059 Unfortunately, for most of the more than 300 known modifications we have none or poor tools for selective enrichment.Here, we describe a comprehensive workflow to simultaneously study phosphorylation, acetylation, and N-linked sialylated glycosylation from the same biological sample. 25820729 6 14 gly sialylated 1320:1329 arg1 glycopeptides 1340:1352 sialylated N-linked glycopeptides 1320:1352 sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones 1320:1573 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 6 15 theme glycan 1366:1371 arg1 release 1373:1379 glycan release 1366:1379 glycan release 1366:1379 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 3 16 theme unmodified 558:567 arg1 counterpart 569:579 their unmodified counterpart 552:579 their unmodified counterpart 552:579 However, PTMs are generally present in substoichiometric levels and therefore their unmodified counterpart often suppresses their signal in MS. Consequently, PTM analysis by MS is a challenging task requiring highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods. 25820729 7 17 theme deglycosylated 1730:1743 arg1 peptides 1745:1752 deglycosylated peptides 1730:1752 deglycosylated peptides 1730:1752 The IMAC flow-through and acidic elution is subsequently subjected to a next round of TiO2 enrichment for further separation of mono-phosphopeptides from deglycosylated peptides. 25820729 6 18 theme dioxide 1266:1272 arg1 step 1281:1284 an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step 1246:1284 an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones 1246:1573 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 5 19 theme comprehensive 1076:1088 arg1 workflow 1090:1097 a comprehensive workflow 1074:1097 a comprehensive workflow to simultaneously study phosphorylation, acetylation, and N-linked sialylated glycosylation from the same biological sample 1074:1221 Unfortunately, for most of the more than 300 known modifications we have none or poor tools for selective enrichment.Here, we describe a comprehensive workflow to simultaneously study phosphorylation, acetylation, and N-linked sialylated glycosylation from the same biological sample. 25820729 1 20 theme regulatory 237:246 arg1 mechanism 248:256 an essential regulatory mechanism 224:256 an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function 224:276 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 1 20 theme regulatory 237:246 arg1 glycosylation 206:218 glycosylation 206:218 glycosylation 206:218 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 1 20 theme regulatory 237:246 arg1 phosphorylation 172:186 phosphorylation 172:186 phosphorylation 172:186 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 1 20 theme regulatory 237:246 arg1 modifications 143:155 Post-translational modifications 124:155 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation 124:218 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 1 20 theme regulatory 237:246 arg1 acetylation 189:199 acetylation 189:199 acetylation 189:199 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 7 21 theme mono-phosphopeptides 1704:1723 arg1 separation 1690:1699 further separation 1682:1699 further separation of mono-phosphopeptides from deglycosylated peptides 1682:1752 The IMAC flow-through and acidic elution is subsequently subjected to a next round of TiO2 enrichment for further separation of mono-phosphopeptides from deglycosylated peptides. 25820729 6 22 theme initial 1249:1255 arg1 TiO2 1275:1278 TiO2 1275:1278 TiO2 1275:1278 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 6 22 theme initial 1249:1255 arg1 dioxide 1266:1272 initial titanium dioxide 1249:1272 an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones 1246:1573 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 6 23 theme N-linked 1331:1338 arg1 glycopeptides 1340:1352 sialylated N-linked glycopeptides 1320:1352 sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones 1320:1573 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 6 24 from chromatography 1461:1474 arg1 elution 1421:1427 sequential elution 1410:1427 sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones 1410:1573 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 4 25 theme protein 916:922 arg1 modifications 924:936 specific protein modifications 907:936 specific protein modifications 907:936 Currently, several methods have been implemented for PTM enrichment and each of them has its drawbacks and advantages as they differ in selectivity and specificity toward specific protein modifications. 25820729 10 26 theme complex 2129:2135 arg1 sample 2148:2153 the same highly complex biological sample 2113:2153 the same highly complex biological sample 2113:2153 This allows the analysis of multiple types of modifications from the same highly complex biological sample without decreasing the quality of each individual PTM study. 25820729 3 27 theme PTM 632:634 arg1 analysis 636:643 PTM analysis 632:643 PTM analysis by MS 632:649 However, PTMs are generally present in substoichiometric levels and therefore their unmodified counterpart often suppresses their signal in MS. Consequently, PTM analysis by MS is a challenging task requiring highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods. 25820729 3 27 theme PTM 632:634 arg1 task 668:671 a challenging task 654:671 a challenging task requiring highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods 654:733 However, PTMs are generally present in substoichiometric levels and therefore their unmodified counterpart often suppresses their signal in MS. Consequently, PTM analysis by MS is a challenging task requiring highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods. 25820729 10 28 theme individual 2194:2203 arg1 study 2209:2213 each individual PTM study 2189:2213 each individual PTM study 2189:2213 This allows the analysis of multiple types of modifications from the same highly complex biological sample without decreasing the quality of each individual PTM study. 25820729 10 29 theme same 2117:2120 arg1 sample 2148:2153 the same highly complex biological sample 2113:2153 the same highly complex biological sample 2113:2153 This allows the analysis of multiple types of modifications from the same highly complex biological sample without decreasing the quality of each individual PTM study. 25820729 6 30 theme immobilized 1434:1444 arg1 SIMAC 1477:1481 SIMAC 1477:1481 SIMAC 1477:1481 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 6 30 theme immobilized 1434:1444 arg1 chromatography 1461:1474 immobilized metal affinity chromatography 1434:1474 immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) 1434:1482 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 7 31 theme TiO2 1662:1665 arg1 enrichment 1667:1676 TiO2 enrichment 1662:1676 TiO2 enrichment 1662:1676 The IMAC flow-through and acidic elution is subsequently subjected to a next round of TiO2 enrichment for further separation of mono-phosphopeptides from deglycosylated peptides. 25820729 3 32 from levels 531:536 arg1 present 502:508 present 502:508 present 502:508 However, PTMs are generally present in substoichiometric levels and therefore their unmodified counterpart often suppresses their signal in MS. Consequently, PTM analysis by MS is a challenging task requiring highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods. 25820729 0 33 theme sialylated 98:107 arg1 glycosylation 109:121 N-linked sialylated glycosylation 89:121 N-linked sialylated glycosylation 89:121 Comprehensive protocol to simultaneously study protein phosphorylation, acetylation, and N-linked sialylated glycosylation. 25820729 4 34 theme PTM 789:791 arg1 enrichment 793:802 PTM enrichment 789:802 PTM enrichment 789:802 Currently, several methods have been implemented for PTM enrichment and each of them has its drawbacks and advantages as they differ in selectivity and specificity toward specific protein modifications. 25820729 10 35 from types 2085:2089 arg1 sample 2148:2153 the same highly complex biological sample 2113:2153 the same highly complex biological sample 2113:2153 This allows the analysis of multiple types of modifications from the same highly complex biological sample without decreasing the quality of each individual PTM study. 25820729 5 36 theme known 984:988 arg1 modifications 990:1002 the more than 300 known modifications 966:1002 the more than 300 known modifications 966:1002 Unfortunately, for most of the more than 300 known modifications we have none or poor tools for selective enrichment.Here, we describe a comprehensive workflow to simultaneously study phosphorylation, acetylation, and N-linked sialylated glycosylation from the same biological sample. 25820729 5 37 dep sialylated 1166:1175 arg1 N-linked 1157:1164 N-linked 1157:1164 N-linked 1157:1164 Unfortunately, for most of the more than 300 known modifications we have none or poor tools for selective enrichment.Here, we describe a comprehensive workflow to simultaneously study phosphorylation, acetylation, and N-linked sialylated glycosylation from the same biological sample. 25820729 4 38 theme several 747:753 arg1 methods 755:761 several methods 747:761 several methods 747:761 Currently, several methods have been implemented for PTM enrichment and each of them has its drawbacks and advantages as they differ in selectivity and specificity toward specific protein modifications. 25820729 0 39 theme Comprehensive 0:12 arg1 protocol 14:21 Comprehensive protocol 0:21 Comprehensive protocol 0:21 Comprehensive protocol to simultaneously study protein phosphorylation, acetylation, and N-linked sialylated glycosylation. 25820729 2 40 theme ideal 425:429 arg1 tool 442:445 the ideal analytical tool 421:445 the ideal analytical tool for studying various PTMs 421:471 Since most PTMs alter the molecular mass of a protein, mass spectrometry (MS) is the ideal analytical tool for studying various PTMs. 25820729 2 40 theme ideal 425:429 arg1 spectrometry 400:411 mass spectrometry 395:411 mass spectrometry (MS) 395:416 Since most PTMs alter the molecular mass of a protein, mass spectrometry (MS) is the ideal analytical tool for studying various PTMs. 25820729 5 41 theme biological 1205:1214 arg1 sample 1216:1221 the same biological sample 1196:1221 the same biological sample 1196:1221 Unfortunately, for most of the more than 300 known modifications we have none or poor tools for selective enrichment.Here, we describe a comprehensive workflow to simultaneously study phosphorylation, acetylation, and N-linked sialylated glycosylation from the same biological sample. 25820729 1 42 theme Post-translational 124:141 arg1 mechanism 248:256 an essential regulatory mechanism 224:256 an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function 224:276 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 1 42 theme Post-translational 124:141 arg1 glycosylation 206:218 glycosylation 206:218 glycosylation 206:218 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 1 42 theme Post-translational 124:141 arg1 phosphorylation 172:186 phosphorylation 172:186 phosphorylation 172:186 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 1 42 theme Post-translational 124:141 arg1 modifications 143:155 Post-translational modifications 124:155 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation 124:218 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 1 42 theme Post-translational 124:141 arg1 PTMs 158:161 PTMs 158:161 PTMs 158:161 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 1 42 theme Post-translational 124:141 arg1 acetylation 189:199 acetylation 189:199 acetylation 189:199 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 9 43 theme interaction 1926:1936 arg1 HILIC 1961:1965 HILIC 1961:1965 HILIC 1961:1965 Finally, the samples are fractionated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) to reduce sample complexity and increase the coverage during LC-MS/MS analysis. 25820729 9 43 theme interaction 1926:1936 arg1 chromatography 1945:1958 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1914:1958 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) 1914:1966 Finally, the samples are fractionated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) to reduce sample complexity and increase the coverage during LC-MS/MS analysis. 25820729 1 44 theme biological 318:327 arg1 processes 329:337 biological processes 318:337 biological processes 318:337 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 9 45 theme liquid 1938:1943 arg1 HILIC 1961:1965 HILIC 1961:1965 HILIC 1961:1965 Finally, the samples are fractionated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) to reduce sample complexity and increase the coverage during LC-MS/MS analysis. 25820729 9 45 theme liquid 1938:1943 arg1 chromatography 1945:1958 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1914:1958 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) 1914:1966 Finally, the samples are fractionated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) to reduce sample complexity and increase the coverage during LC-MS/MS analysis. 25820729 5 46 theme poor 1020:1023 arg1 tools 1025:1029 poor tools 1020:1029 poor tools for selective enrichment.Here 1020:1059 Unfortunately, for most of the more than 300 known modifications we have none or poor tools for selective enrichment.Here, we describe a comprehensive workflow to simultaneously study phosphorylation, acetylation, and N-linked sialylated glycosylation from the same biological sample. 25820729 0 47 link N-linked 89:96 arg1 glycosylation 109:121 N-linked sialylated glycosylation 89:121 N-linked sialylated glycosylation 89:121 Comprehensive protocol to simultaneously study protein phosphorylation, acetylation, and N-linked sialylated glycosylation. 25820729 6 48 theme affinity 1452:1459 arg1 SIMAC 1477:1481 SIMAC 1477:1481 SIMAC 1477:1481 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 6 48 theme affinity 1452:1459 arg1 chromatography 1461:1474 immobilized metal affinity chromatography 1434:1474 immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) 1434:1482 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 3 49 theme challenging 656:666 arg1 analysis 636:643 PTM analysis 632:643 PTM analysis by MS 632:649 However, PTMs are generally present in substoichiometric levels and therefore their unmodified counterpart often suppresses their signal in MS. Consequently, PTM analysis by MS is a challenging task requiring highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods. 25820729 3 49 theme challenging 656:666 arg1 task 668:671 a challenging task 654:671 a challenging task requiring highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods 654:733 However, PTMs are generally present in substoichiometric levels and therefore their unmodified counterpart often suppresses their signal in MS. Consequently, PTM analysis by MS is a challenging task requiring highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods. 25820729 6 50 theme multi-phosphorylated 1549:1568 arg1 ones 1570:1573 multi-phosphorylated ones 1549:1573 multi-phosphorylated ones 1549:1573 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 1 51 theme protein 261:267 arg1 function 269:276 protein function 261:276 protein function 261:276 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 7 52 gly deglycosylated 1730:1743 arg1 peptides 1745:1752 deglycosylated peptides 1730:1752 deglycosylated peptides 1730:1752 The IMAC flow-through and acidic elution is subsequently subjected to a next round of TiO2 enrichment for further separation of mono-phosphopeptides from deglycosylated peptides. 25820729 9 53 theme sample 1978:1983 arg1 complexity 1985:1994 sample complexity 1978:1994 sample complexity 1978:1994 Finally, the samples are fractionated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) to reduce sample complexity and increase the coverage during LC-MS/MS analysis. 25820729 5 54 theme sialylated 1166:1175 arg1 glycosylation 1177:1189 N-linked sialylated glycosylation 1157:1189 N-linked sialylated glycosylation 1157:1189 Unfortunately, for most of the more than 300 known modifications we have none or poor tools for selective enrichment.Here, we describe a comprehensive workflow to simultaneously study phosphorylation, acetylation, and N-linked sialylated glycosylation from the same biological sample. 25820729 3 55 from task 668:671 arg1 MS. 614:616 MS. 614:616 MS. 614:616 However, PTMs are generally present in substoichiometric levels and therefore their unmodified counterpart often suppresses their signal in MS. Consequently, PTM analysis by MS is a challenging task requiring highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods. 25820729 3 56 theme sensitive 706:714 arg1 methods 727:733 highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods 683:733 highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods 683:733 However, PTMs are generally present in substoichiometric levels and therefore their unmodified counterpart often suppresses their signal in MS. Consequently, PTM analysis by MS is a challenging task requiring highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods. 25820729 8 57 theme acetylated 1772:1781 arg1 peptides 1783:1790 the acetylated peptides 1768:1790 the acetylated peptides present in the first TiO2 flow-through 1768:1829 In addition, the acetylated peptides present in the first TiO2 flow-through are enriched by immunoprecipitation (IP). 25820729 10 58 theme PTM 2205:2207 arg1 study 2209:2213 each individual PTM study 2189:2213 each individual PTM study 2189:2213 This allows the analysis of multiple types of modifications from the same highly complex biological sample without decreasing the quality of each individual PTM study. 25820729 3 59 theme specialized 690:700 arg1 methods 727:733 highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods 683:733 highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods 683:733 However, PTMs are generally present in substoichiometric levels and therefore their unmodified counterpart often suppresses their signal in MS. Consequently, PTM analysis by MS is a challenging task requiring highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods. 25820729 8 60 theme present 1792:1798 arg1 peptides 1783:1790 the acetylated peptides 1768:1790 the acetylated peptides present in the first TiO2 flow-through 1768:1829 In addition, the acetylated peptides present in the first TiO2 flow-through are enriched by immunoprecipitation (IP). 25820729 3 61 theme substoichiometric 513:529 arg1 levels 531:536 substoichiometric levels 513:536 substoichiometric levels 513:536 However, PTMs are generally present in substoichiometric levels and therefore their unmodified counterpart often suppresses their signal in MS. Consequently, PTM analysis by MS is a challenging task requiring highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods. 25820729 1 62 theme essential 227:235 arg1 mechanism 248:256 an essential regulatory mechanism 224:256 an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function 224:276 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 1 62 theme essential 227:235 arg1 glycosylation 206:218 glycosylation 206:218 glycosylation 206:218 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 1 62 theme essential 227:235 arg1 phosphorylation 172:186 phosphorylation 172:186 phosphorylation 172:186 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 1 62 theme essential 227:235 arg1 modifications 143:155 Post-translational modifications 124:155 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation 124:218 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 1 62 theme essential 227:235 arg1 acetylation 189:199 acetylation 189:199 acetylation 189:199 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 6 63 theme titanium 1257:1264 arg1 TiO2 1275:1278 TiO2 1275:1278 TiO2 1275:1278 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 6 63 theme titanium 1257:1264 arg1 dioxide 1266:1272 initial titanium dioxide 1249:1272 an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones 1246:1573 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 10 64 theme modifications 2094:2106 arg1 types 2085:2089 multiple types 2076:2089 multiple types of modifications from the same highly complex biological sample 2076:2153 This allows the analysis of multiple types of modifications from the same highly complex biological sample without decreasing the quality of each individual PTM study. 25820729 3 65 located present 502:508 arg2 PTMs 483:486 PTMs 483:486 PTMs 483:486 However, PTMs are generally present in substoichiometric levels and therefore their unmodified counterpart often suppresses their signal in MS. Consequently, PTM analysis by MS is a challenging task requiring highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods. 25820729 3 65 located present 502:508 arg1 levels 531:536 substoichiometric levels 513:536 substoichiometric levels 513:536 However, PTMs are generally present in substoichiometric levels and therefore their unmodified counterpart often suppresses their signal in MS. Consequently, PTM analysis by MS is a challenging task requiring highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods. 25820729 7 66 theme further 1682:1688 arg1 separation 1690:1699 further separation 1682:1699 further separation of mono-phosphopeptides from deglycosylated peptides 1682:1752 The IMAC flow-through and acidic elution is subsequently subjected to a next round of TiO2 enrichment for further separation of mono-phosphopeptides from deglycosylated peptides. 25820729 10 67 theme types 2085:2089 arg1 analysis 2064:2071 the analysis 2060:2071 the analysis of multiple types of modifications from the same highly complex biological sample 2060:2153 This allows the analysis of multiple types of modifications from the same highly complex biological sample without decreasing the quality of each individual PTM study. 25820729 6 68 theme sialylated 1320:1329 arg1 glycopeptides 1340:1352 sialylated N-linked glycopeptides 1320:1352 sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones 1320:1573 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 7 69 theme enrichment 1667:1676 arg1 round 1653:1657 a next round 1646:1657 a next round of TiO2 enrichment 1646:1676 The IMAC flow-through and acidic elution is subsequently subjected to a next round of TiO2 enrichment for further separation of mono-phosphopeptides from deglycosylated peptides. 25820729 4 70 theme specific 907:914 arg1 modifications 924:936 specific protein modifications 907:936 specific protein modifications 907:936 Currently, several methods have been implemented for PTM enrichment and each of them has its drawbacks and advantages as they differ in selectivity and specificity toward specific protein modifications. 25820729 8 71 attach present 1792:1798 arg1 TiO2 1813:1816 the first TiO2 flow-through 1803:1829 the first TiO2 flow-through 1803:1829 In addition, the acetylated peptides present in the first TiO2 flow-through are enriched by immunoprecipitation (IP). 25820729 8 71 attach present 1792:1798 arg2 peptides 1783:1790 the acetylated peptides 1768:1790 the acetylated peptides present in the first TiO2 flow-through 1768:1829 In addition, the acetylated peptides present in the first TiO2 flow-through are enriched by immunoprecipitation (IP). 25820729 5 72 gly sialylated 1166:1175 arg1 glycosylation 1177:1189 N-linked sialylated glycosylation 1157:1189 N-linked sialylated glycosylation 1157:1189 Unfortunately, for most of the more than 300 known modifications we have none or poor tools for selective enrichment.Here, we describe a comprehensive workflow to simultaneously study phosphorylation, acetylation, and N-linked sialylated glycosylation from the same biological sample. 25820729 6 73 theme metal 1446:1450 arg1 SIMAC 1477:1481 SIMAC 1477:1481 SIMAC 1477:1481 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 6 73 theme metal 1446:1450 arg1 chromatography 1461:1474 immobilized metal affinity chromatography 1434:1474 immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) 1434:1482 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 0 74 theme N-linked 89:96 arg1 glycosylation 109:121 N-linked sialylated glycosylation 89:121 N-linked sialylated glycosylation 89:121 Comprehensive protocol to simultaneously study protein phosphorylation, acetylation, and N-linked sialylated glycosylation. 25820729 7 75 theme next 1648:1651 arg1 round 1653:1657 a next round 1646:1657 a next round of TiO2 enrichment 1646:1676 The IMAC flow-through and acidic elution is subsequently subjected to a next round of TiO2 enrichment for further separation of mono-phosphopeptides from deglycosylated peptides. 25820729 6 76 theme sequential 1410:1419 arg1 elution 1421:1427 sequential elution 1410:1427 sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones 1410:1573 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 6 77 gly deglycosylated 1520:1533 arg1 peptides 1535:1542 separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides 1487:1542 separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones 1487:1573 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 4 78 contain has 821:823 arg1 each 808:811 each 808:811 each 808:811 Currently, several methods have been implemented for PTM enrichment and each of them has its drawbacks and advantages as they differ in selectivity and specificity toward specific protein modifications. 25820729 4 78 contain has 821:823 arg2 drawbacks 829:837 its drawbacks 825:837 its drawbacks 825:837 Currently, several methods have been implemented for PTM enrichment and each of them has its drawbacks and advantages as they differ in selectivity and specificity toward specific protein modifications. 25820729 4 78 contain has 821:823 arg1 them 816:819 them 816:819 them 816:819 Currently, several methods have been implemented for PTM enrichment and each of them has its drawbacks and advantages as they differ in selectivity and specificity toward specific protein modifications. 25820729 4 78 contain has 821:823 arg2 advantages 843:852 advantages 843:852 advantages 843:852 Currently, several methods have been implemented for PTM enrichment and each of them has its drawbacks and advantages as they differ in selectivity and specificity toward specific protein modifications. 25820729 10 79 theme biological 2137:2146 arg1 sample 2148:2153 the same highly complex biological sample 2113:2153 the same highly complex biological sample 2113:2153 This allows the analysis of multiple types of modifications from the same highly complex biological sample without decreasing the quality of each individual PTM study. 25820729 2 80 theme mass 395:398 arg1 tool 442:445 the ideal analytical tool 421:445 the ideal analytical tool for studying various PTMs 421:471 Since most PTMs alter the molecular mass of a protein, mass spectrometry (MS) is the ideal analytical tool for studying various PTMs. 25820729 2 80 theme mass 395:398 arg1 MS 414:415 MS 414:415 MS 414:415 Since most PTMs alter the molecular mass of a protein, mass spectrometry (MS) is the ideal analytical tool for studying various PTMs. 25820729 2 80 theme mass 395:398 arg1 spectrometry 400:411 mass spectrometry 395:411 mass spectrometry (MS) 395:416 Since most PTMs alter the molecular mass of a protein, mass spectrometry (MS) is the ideal analytical tool for studying various PTMs. 25820729 6 81 theme mono-phosphorylated 1496:1514 arg1 peptides 1535:1542 separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides 1487:1542 separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones 1487:1573 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 7 82 from peptides 1745:1752 arg1 separation 1690:1699 further separation 1682:1699 further separation of mono-phosphopeptides from deglycosylated peptides 1682:1752 The IMAC flow-through and acidic elution is subsequently subjected to a next round of TiO2 enrichment for further separation of mono-phosphopeptides from deglycosylated peptides. 25820729 0 83 gly sialylated 98:107 arg1 glycosylation 109:121 N-linked sialylated glycosylation 89:121 N-linked sialylated glycosylation 89:121 Comprehensive protocol to simultaneously study protein phosphorylation, acetylation, and N-linked sialylated glycosylation. 25820729 2 84 theme analytical 431:440 arg1 tool 442:445 the ideal analytical tool 421:445 the ideal analytical tool for studying various PTMs 421:471 Since most PTMs alter the molecular mass of a protein, mass spectrometry (MS) is the ideal analytical tool for studying various PTMs. 25820729 2 84 theme analytical 431:440 arg1 spectrometry 400:411 mass spectrometry 395:411 mass spectrometry (MS) 395:416 Since most PTMs alter the molecular mass of a protein, mass spectrometry (MS) is the ideal analytical tool for studying various PTMs. 25820729 8 85 from present 1792:1798 arg1 TiO2 1813:1816 the first TiO2 flow-through 1803:1829 the first TiO2 flow-through 1803:1829 In addition, the acetylated peptides present in the first TiO2 flow-through are enriched by immunoprecipitation (IP). 25820729 2 86 theme protein 386:392 arg1 mass 376:379 the molecular mass 362:379 the molecular mass of a protein 362:392 Since most PTMs alter the molecular mass of a protein, mass spectrometry (MS) is the ideal analytical tool for studying various PTMs. 25820729 5 87 theme same 1200:1203 arg1 sample 1216:1221 the same biological sample 1196:1221 the same biological sample 1196:1221 Unfortunately, for most of the more than 300 known modifications we have none or poor tools for selective enrichment.Here, we describe a comprehensive workflow to simultaneously study phosphorylation, acetylation, and N-linked sialylated glycosylation from the same biological sample. 25820729 9 88 theme hydrophilic 1914:1924 arg1 HILIC 1961:1965 HILIC 1961:1965 HILIC 1961:1965 Finally, the samples are fractionated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) to reduce sample complexity and increase the coverage during LC-MS/MS analysis. 25820729 9 88 theme hydrophilic 1914:1924 arg1 chromatography 1945:1958 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1914:1958 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) 1914:1966 Finally, the samples are fractionated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) to reduce sample complexity and increase the coverage during LC-MS/MS analysis. 25820729 0 89 theme protein 47:53 arg1 phosphorylation 55:69 protein phosphorylation 47:69 protein phosphorylation 47:69 Comprehensive protocol to simultaneously study protein phosphorylation, acetylation, and N-linked sialylated glycosylation. 25820729 6 90 from ones 1570:1573 arg1 peptides 1535:1542 separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides 1487:1542 separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones 1487:1573 The protocol involves an initial titanium dioxide (TiO2) step to enrich for phosphopeptides and sialylated N-linked glycopeptides followed by glycan release and post-fractionation using sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SIMAC) to separate mono-phosphorylated and deglycosylated peptides from multi-phosphorylated ones. 25820729 2 91 theme various 460:466 arg1 PTMs 468:471 various PTMs 460:471 various PTMs 460:471 Since most PTMs alter the molecular mass of a protein, mass spectrometry (MS) is the ideal analytical tool for studying various PTMs. 25820729 8 92 from TiO2 1813:1816 arg1 present 1792:1798 present 1792:1798 present 1792:1798 In addition, the acetylated peptides present in the first TiO2 flow-through are enriched by immunoprecipitation (IP). 25820729 1 93 theme processes 329:337 arg1 range 309:313 a range 307:313 a range of biological processes 307:337 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 10 94 from sample 2148:2153 arg1 modifications 2094:2106 modifications 2094:2106 modifications from the same highly complex biological sample 2094:2153 This allows the analysis of multiple types of modifications from the same highly complex biological sample without decreasing the quality of each individual PTM study. 25820729 10 94 from sample 2148:2153 arg1 types 2085:2089 multiple types 2076:2089 multiple types of modifications from the same highly complex biological sample 2076:2153 This allows the analysis of multiple types of modifications from the same highly complex biological sample without decreasing the quality of each individual PTM study. 25820729 3 95 attach present 502:508 arg2 PTMs 483:486 PTMs 483:486 PTMs 483:486 However, PTMs are generally present in substoichiometric levels and therefore their unmodified counterpart often suppresses their signal in MS. Consequently, PTM analysis by MS is a challenging task requiring highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods. 25820729 3 95 attach present 502:508 arg1 levels 531:536 substoichiometric levels 513:536 substoichiometric levels 513:536 However, PTMs are generally present in substoichiometric levels and therefore their unmodified counterpart often suppresses their signal in MS. Consequently, PTM analysis by MS is a challenging task requiring highly specialized and sensitive enrichment methods. 25820729 7 96 theme acidic 1602:1607 arg1 elution 1609:1615 acidic elution 1602:1615 acidic elution 1602:1615 The IMAC flow-through and acidic elution is subsequently subjected to a next round of TiO2 enrichment for further separation of mono-phosphopeptides from deglycosylated peptides. 25820729 2 97 theme most 346:349 arg1 PTMs 351:354 most PTMs 346:354 most PTMs 346:354 Since most PTMs alter the molecular mass of a protein, mass spectrometry (MS) is the ideal analytical tool for studying various PTMs. 25820729 7 98 theme flow-through 1585:1596 arg1 IMAC 1580:1583 IMAC flow-through 1580:1596 IMAC flow-through 1580:1596 The IMAC flow-through and acidic elution is subsequently subjected to a next round of TiO2 enrichment for further separation of mono-phosphopeptides from deglycosylated peptides. 25820729 1 99 theme function 269:276 arg1 mechanism 248:256 an essential regulatory mechanism 224:256 an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function 224:276 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 1 99 theme function 269:276 arg1 glycosylation 206:218 glycosylation 206:218 glycosylation 206:218 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 1 99 theme function 269:276 arg1 phosphorylation 172:186 phosphorylation 172:186 phosphorylation 172:186 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 1 99 theme function 269:276 arg1 modifications 143:155 Post-translational modifications 124:155 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation 124:218 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 25820729 1 99 theme function 269:276 arg1 acetylation 189:199 acetylation 189:199 acetylation 189:199 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and they are associated with a range of biological processes. 28420125 7 0 theme species 1122:1128 arg1 reduction 1093:1101 a reduction 1091:1101 a reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) 1091:1134 Moreover, the effect of Citrus sinensis polyphenols was associated with antioxidant effects, such as a reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased expression. 28420125 7 0 theme species 1122:1128 arg1 HO-1 1158:1161 HO-1 1158:1161 HO-1 1158:1161 Moreover, the effect of Citrus sinensis polyphenols was associated with antioxidant effects, such as a reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased expression. 28420125 7 0 theme species 1122:1128 arg1 heme-oxygenase-1 1140:1155 heme-oxygenase-1 1140:1155 heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) 1140:1162 Moreover, the effect of Citrus sinensis polyphenols was associated with antioxidant effects, such as a reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased expression. 28420125 5 1 theme antioxidant 701:711 arg1 effect 735:740 the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect 697:740 the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenolic Citrus sinensis fraction (Cs) 697:786 Thus, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenolic Citrus sinensis fraction (Cs) was compared to the bioavailable one (CsB). 28420125 1 2 theme human 165:169 arg1 health 171:176 human health 165:176 human health 165:176 Citrus plants contain large amounts of flavonoids with beneficial effects on human health. 28420125 9 3 dep higher 1431:1436 arg1 antioxidant 1460:1470 antioxidant 1460:1470 antioxidant 1460:1470 The bioavailable fraction showed a higher anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential compared to the initial extract, thus highlighting its potential nutraceutical value. 28420125 9 3 dep higher 1431:1436 arg1 anti-inflammatory 1438:1454 anti-inflammatory 1438:1454 anti-inflammatory 1438:1454 The bioavailable fraction showed a higher anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential compared to the initial extract, thus highlighting its potential nutraceutical value. 28420125 2 4 theme macrophages 351:361 arg1 line 368:371 the murine macrophages cell line J774A.1 and primary peritoneal macrophages 340:414 line 368:371 In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of bioavailable polyphenols from Citrus sinensis was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo, using the murine macrophages cell line J774A.1 and primary peritoneal macrophages. 28420125 9 5 theme potential 1537:1545 arg1 value 1561:1565 its potential nutraceutical value 1533:1565 its potential nutraceutical value 1533:1565 The bioavailable fraction showed a higher anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential compared to the initial extract, thus highlighting its potential nutraceutical value. 28420125 8 6 theme bioavailable 1224:1235 arg1 constituents 1250:1261 the bioavailable polyphenolic constituents 1220:1261 the bioavailable polyphenolic constituents of the Citrussinensis extract 1220:1291 Our results provide evidence that the bioavailable polyphenolic constituents of the Citrussinensis extract accumulate prevalently at intestinal level and could reach systemic circulation exerting their effect. 28420125 5 7 theme polyphenolic 745:756 arg1 Cs 784:785 Cs 784:785 Cs 784:785 Thus, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenolic Citrus sinensis fraction (Cs) was compared to the bioavailable one (CsB). 28420125 5 7 theme polyphenolic 745:756 arg1 fraction 774:781 polyphenolic Citrus sinensis fraction 745:781 polyphenolic Citrus sinensis fraction (Cs) 745:786 Thus, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenolic Citrus sinensis fraction (Cs) was compared to the bioavailable one (CsB). 28420125 7 8 theme reactive 1106:1113 arg1 ROS 1131:1133 ROS 1131:1133 ROS 1131:1133 Moreover, the effect of Citrus sinensis polyphenols was associated with antioxidant effects, such as a reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased expression. 28420125 7 8 theme reactive 1106:1113 arg1 species 1122:1128 reactive oxygen species 1106:1128 reactive oxygen species (ROS) 1106:1134 Moreover, the effect of Citrus sinensis polyphenols was associated with antioxidant effects, such as a reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased expression. 28420125 3 9 theme transwell 606:614 arg1 membrane 616:623 a transwell membrane 604:623 a transwell membrane 604:623 Following simulated gastro-intestinal digestion, the in vitro bioavailability of Citrus sinensis polyphenolic extract was assessed using the human cell line Caco-2 grown as monolayers on a transwell membrane. 28420125 5 10 theme Citrus 758:763 arg1 Cs 784:785 Cs 784:785 Cs 784:785 Thus, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenolic Citrus sinensis fraction (Cs) was compared to the bioavailable one (CsB). 28420125 5 10 theme Citrus 758:763 arg1 fraction 774:781 polyphenolic Citrus sinensis fraction 745:781 polyphenolic Citrus sinensis fraction (Cs) 745:786 Thus, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenolic Citrus sinensis fraction (Cs) was compared to the bioavailable one (CsB). 28420125 6 11 theme pro-inflammatory 901:916 arg1 iNOS 953:956 iNOS 953:956 iNOS 953:956 Results revealed that Citrus extract were able to reduce macrophages pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide, iNOS, COX-2 and different cytokines. 28420125 6 11 theme pro-inflammatory 901:916 arg1 oxide 946:950 nitric oxide 939:950 nitric oxide 939:950 Results revealed that Citrus extract were able to reduce macrophages pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide, iNOS, COX-2 and different cytokines. 28420125 6 11 theme pro-inflammatory 901:916 arg1 COX-2 959:963 COX-2 959:963 COX-2 959:963 Results revealed that Citrus extract were able to reduce macrophages pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide, iNOS, COX-2 and different cytokines. 28420125 6 11 theme pro-inflammatory 901:916 arg1 mediators 918:926 macrophages pro-inflammatory mediators 889:926 macrophages pro-inflammatory mediators 889:926 Results revealed that Citrus extract were able to reduce macrophages pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide, iNOS, COX-2 and different cytokines. 28420125 6 11 theme pro-inflammatory 901:916 arg1 cytokines 979:987 different cytokines 969:987 different cytokines 969:987 Results revealed that Citrus extract were able to reduce macrophages pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide, iNOS, COX-2 and different cytokines. 28420125 7 12 theme oxygen 1115:1120 arg1 ROS 1131:1133 ROS 1131:1133 ROS 1131:1133 Moreover, the effect of Citrus sinensis polyphenols was associated with antioxidant effects, such as a reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased expression. 28420125 7 12 theme oxygen 1115:1120 arg1 species 1122:1128 reactive oxygen species 1106:1128 reactive oxygen species (ROS) 1106:1134 Moreover, the effect of Citrus sinensis polyphenols was associated with antioxidant effects, such as a reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased expression. 28420125 1 13 from effects 154:160 arg1 health 171:176 human health 165:176 human health 165:176 Citrus plants contain large amounts of flavonoids with beneficial effects on human health. 28420125 2 14 theme cell 363:366 arg1 line 368:371 the murine macrophages cell line J774A.1 and primary peritoneal macrophages 340:414 line 368:371 In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of bioavailable polyphenols from Citrus sinensis was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo, using the murine macrophages cell line J774A.1 and primary peritoneal macrophages. 28420125 3 15 theme polyphenolic 514:525 arg1 extract 527:533 Citrus sinensis polyphenolic extract 498:533 Citrus sinensis polyphenolic extract 498:533 Following simulated gastro-intestinal digestion, the in vitro bioavailability of Citrus sinensis polyphenolic extract was assessed using the human cell line Caco-2 grown as monolayers on a transwell membrane. 28420125 5 16 theme sinensis 765:772 arg1 Cs 784:785 Cs 784:785 Cs 784:785 Thus, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenolic Citrus sinensis fraction (Cs) was compared to the bioavailable one (CsB). 28420125 5 16 theme sinensis 765:772 arg1 fraction 774:781 polyphenolic Citrus sinensis fraction 745:781 polyphenolic Citrus sinensis fraction (Cs) 745:786 Thus, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenolic Citrus sinensis fraction (Cs) was compared to the bioavailable one (CsB). 28420125 3 17 theme extract 527:533 arg1 bioavailability 479:493 the in vitro bioavailability 466:493 the in vitro bioavailability of Citrus sinensis polyphenolic extract 466:533 Following simulated gastro-intestinal digestion, the in vitro bioavailability of Citrus sinensis polyphenolic extract was assessed using the human cell line Caco-2 grown as monolayers on a transwell membrane. 28420125 3 18 theme cell 564:567 arg1 line 569:572 the human cell line 554:572 the human cell line Caco-2 grown as monolayers on a transwell membrane 554:623 Following simulated gastro-intestinal digestion, the in vitro bioavailability of Citrus sinensis polyphenolic extract was assessed using the human cell line Caco-2 grown as monolayers on a transwell membrane. 28420125 9 19 theme initial 1498:1504 arg1 extract 1506:1512 the initial extract 1494:1512 the initial extract 1494:1512 The bioavailable fraction showed a higher anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential compared to the initial extract, thus highlighting its potential nutraceutical value. 28420125 8 20 theme polyphenolic 1237:1248 arg1 constituents 1250:1261 the bioavailable polyphenolic constituents 1220:1261 the bioavailable polyphenolic constituents of the Citrussinensis extract 1220:1291 Our results provide evidence that the bioavailable polyphenolic constituents of the Citrussinensis extract accumulate prevalently at intestinal level and could reach systemic circulation exerting their effect. 28420125 5 21 theme fraction 774:781 arg1 effect 735:740 the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect 697:740 the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenolic Citrus sinensis fraction (Cs) 697:786 Thus, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenolic Citrus sinensis fraction (Cs) was compared to the bioavailable one (CsB). 28420125 3 22 theme simulated 427:435 arg1 digestion 455:463 simulated gastro-intestinal digestion 427:463 simulated gastro-intestinal digestion 427:463 Following simulated gastro-intestinal digestion, the in vitro bioavailability of Citrus sinensis polyphenolic extract was assessed using the human cell line Caco-2 grown as monolayers on a transwell membrane. 28420125 1 23 theme Citrus 88:93 arg1 plants 95:100 Citrus plants 88:100 Citrus plants 88:100 Citrus plants contain large amounts of flavonoids with beneficial effects on human health. 28420125 2 24 theme peritoneal 393:402 arg1 macrophages 404:414 primary peritoneal macrophages 385:414 primary peritoneal macrophages 385:414 In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of bioavailable polyphenols from Citrus sinensis was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo, using the murine macrophages cell line J774A.1 and primary peritoneal macrophages. 28420125 0 25 theme Citrus 13:18 arg1 Extract 29:35 Bioavailable Citrus sinensis Extract 0:35 Bioavailable Citrus sinensis Extract 0:35 Bioavailable Citrus sinensis Extract: Polyphenolic Composition and Biological Activity. 28420125 6 26 theme macrophages 889:899 arg1 iNOS 953:956 iNOS 953:956 iNOS 953:956 Results revealed that Citrus extract were able to reduce macrophages pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide, iNOS, COX-2 and different cytokines. 28420125 6 26 theme macrophages 889:899 arg1 oxide 946:950 nitric oxide 939:950 nitric oxide 939:950 Results revealed that Citrus extract were able to reduce macrophages pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide, iNOS, COX-2 and different cytokines. 28420125 6 26 theme macrophages 889:899 arg1 COX-2 959:963 COX-2 959:963 COX-2 959:963 Results revealed that Citrus extract were able to reduce macrophages pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide, iNOS, COX-2 and different cytokines. 28420125 6 26 theme macrophages 889:899 arg1 mediators 918:926 macrophages pro-inflammatory mediators 889:926 macrophages pro-inflammatory mediators 889:926 Results revealed that Citrus extract were able to reduce macrophages pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide, iNOS, COX-2 and different cytokines. 28420125 6 26 theme macrophages 889:899 arg1 cytokines 979:987 different cytokines 969:987 different cytokines 969:987 Results revealed that Citrus extract were able to reduce macrophages pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide, iNOS, COX-2 and different cytokines. 28420125 2 27 from potential 239:247 arg1 sinensis 289:296 Citrus sinensis 282:296 Citrus sinensis 282:296 In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of bioavailable polyphenols from Citrus sinensis was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo, using the murine macrophages cell line J774A.1 and primary peritoneal macrophages. 28420125 2 28 theme primary 385:391 arg1 macrophages 404:414 primary peritoneal macrophages 385:414 primary peritoneal macrophages 385:414 In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of bioavailable polyphenols from Citrus sinensis was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo, using the murine macrophages cell line J774A.1 and primary peritoneal macrophages. 28420125 0 29 theme Bioavailable 0:11 arg1 Extract 29:35 Bioavailable Citrus sinensis Extract 0:35 Bioavailable Citrus sinensis Extract 0:35 Bioavailable Citrus sinensis Extract: Polyphenolic Composition and Biological Activity. 28420125 9 30 theme bioavailable 1400:1411 arg1 fraction 1413:1420 The bioavailable fraction 1396:1420 The bioavailable fraction 1396:1420 The bioavailable fraction showed a higher anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential compared to the initial extract, thus highlighting its potential nutraceutical value. 28420125 6 31 theme different 969:977 arg1 cytokines 979:987 different cytokines 969:987 different cytokines 969:987 Results revealed that Citrus extract were able to reduce macrophages pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide, iNOS, COX-2 and different cytokines. 28420125 8 32 theme intestinal 1319:1328 arg1 level 1330:1334 intestinal level 1319:1334 intestinal level 1319:1334 Our results provide evidence that the bioavailable polyphenolic constituents of the Citrussinensis extract accumulate prevalently at intestinal level and could reach systemic circulation exerting their effect. 28420125 1 33 theme large 110:114 arg1 flavonoids 127:136 flavonoids 127:136 flavonoids 127:136 Citrus plants contain large amounts of flavonoids with beneficial effects on human health. 28420125 1 33 theme large 110:114 arg1 amounts 116:122 large amounts 110:122 large amounts of flavonoids 110:136 Citrus plants contain large amounts of flavonoids with beneficial effects on human health. 28420125 8 34 theme Citrussinensis 1270:1283 arg1 extract 1285:1291 the Citrussinensis extract 1266:1291 the Citrussinensis extract 1266:1291 Our results provide evidence that the bioavailable polyphenolic constituents of the Citrussinensis extract accumulate prevalently at intestinal level and could reach systemic circulation exerting their effect. 28420125 0 35 theme sinensis 20:27 arg1 Extract 29:35 Bioavailable Citrus sinensis Extract 0:35 Bioavailable Citrus sinensis Extract 0:35 Bioavailable Citrus sinensis Extract: Polyphenolic Composition and Biological Activity. 28420125 5 36 theme anti-inflammatory 717:733 arg1 effect 735:740 the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect 697:740 the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenolic Citrus sinensis fraction (Cs) 697:786 Thus, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenolic Citrus sinensis fraction (Cs) was compared to the bioavailable one (CsB). 28420125 2 37 theme present 186:192 arg1 study 194:198 the present study 182:198 the present study 182:198 In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of bioavailable polyphenols from Citrus sinensis was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo, using the murine macrophages cell line J774A.1 and primary peritoneal macrophages. 28420125 3 38 theme Citrus 498:503 arg1 extract 527:533 Citrus sinensis polyphenolic extract 498:533 Citrus sinensis polyphenolic extract 498:533 Following simulated gastro-intestinal digestion, the in vitro bioavailability of Citrus sinensis polyphenolic extract was assessed using the human cell line Caco-2 grown as monolayers on a transwell membrane. 28420125 0 39 theme Polyphenolic 38:49 arg1 Composition 51:61 Polyphenolic Composition 38:61 Polyphenolic Composition 38:61 Bioavailable Citrus sinensis Extract: Polyphenolic Composition and Biological Activity. 28420125 3 40 dep line 569:572 arg1 Caco-2 574:579 Caco-2 574:579 the human cell line Caco-2 grown as monolayers on a transwell membrane 554:623 Following simulated gastro-intestinal digestion, the in vitro bioavailability of Citrus sinensis polyphenolic extract was assessed using the human cell line Caco-2 grown as monolayers on a transwell membrane. 28420125 7 41 theme antioxidant 1062:1072 arg1 reduction 1093:1101 a reduction 1091:1101 a reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) 1091:1134 Moreover, the effect of Citrus sinensis polyphenols was associated with antioxidant effects, such as a reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased expression. 28420125 7 41 theme antioxidant 1062:1072 arg1 effects 1074:1080 antioxidant effects 1062:1080 antioxidant effects 1062:1080 Moreover, the effect of Citrus sinensis polyphenols was associated with antioxidant effects, such as a reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased expression. 28420125 7 41 theme antioxidant 1062:1072 arg1 heme-oxygenase-1 1140:1155 heme-oxygenase-1 1140:1155 heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) 1140:1162 Moreover, the effect of Citrus sinensis polyphenols was associated with antioxidant effects, such as a reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased expression. 28420125 7 42 theme increased 1164:1172 arg1 expression 1174:1183 increased expression 1164:1183 increased expression 1164:1183 Moreover, the effect of Citrus sinensis polyphenols was associated with antioxidant effects, such as a reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased expression. 28420125 3 43 theme gastro-intestinal 437:453 arg1 digestion 455:463 simulated gastro-intestinal digestion 427:463 simulated gastro-intestinal digestion 427:463 Following simulated gastro-intestinal digestion, the in vitro bioavailability of Citrus sinensis polyphenolic extract was assessed using the human cell line Caco-2 grown as monolayers on a transwell membrane. 28420125 9 44 dep showed 1422:1427 arg1 compared 1482:1489 compared 1482:1489 compared 1482:1489 The bioavailable fraction showed a higher anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential compared to the initial extract, thus highlighting its potential nutraceutical value. 28420125 0 45 dep Composition 51:61 arg1 Extract 29:35 Bioavailable Citrus sinensis Extract 0:35 Bioavailable Citrus sinensis Extract 0:35 Bioavailable Citrus sinensis Extract: Polyphenolic Composition and Biological Activity. 28420125 7 46 theme Citrus 1014:1019 arg1 polyphenols 1030:1040 Citrus sinensis polyphenols 1014:1040 Citrus sinensis polyphenols 1014:1040 Moreover, the effect of Citrus sinensis polyphenols was associated with antioxidant effects, such as a reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased expression. 28420125 4 47 theme compounds 673:681 arg1 permeation 655:664 a relative permeation 644:664 a relative permeation of its compounds (8.3%) 644:688 Data demonstrated a relative permeation of its compounds (8.3%). 28420125 7 48 dep reduction 1093:1101 arg1 expression 1174:1183 increased expression 1164:1183 increased expression 1164:1183 Moreover, the effect of Citrus sinensis polyphenols was associated with antioxidant effects, such as a reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased expression. 28420125 6 49 theme Citrus 854:859 arg1 extract 861:867 Citrus extract 854:867 Citrus extract 854:867 Results revealed that Citrus extract were able to reduce macrophages pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide, iNOS, COX-2 and different cytokines. 28420125 2 50 theme anti-inflammatory 221:237 arg1 potential 239:247 the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential 201:247 the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of bioavailable polyphenols from Citrus sinensis 201:296 In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of bioavailable polyphenols from Citrus sinensis was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo, using the murine macrophages cell line J774A.1 and primary peritoneal macrophages. 28420125 7 51 theme sinensis 1021:1028 arg1 polyphenols 1030:1040 Citrus sinensis polyphenols 1014:1040 Citrus sinensis polyphenols 1014:1040 Moreover, the effect of Citrus sinensis polyphenols was associated with antioxidant effects, such as a reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased expression. 28420125 2 52 theme murine 344:349 arg1 macrophages 351:361 murine macrophages 344:361 murine macrophages 344:361 In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of bioavailable polyphenols from Citrus sinensis was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo, using the murine macrophages cell line J774A.1 and primary peritoneal macrophages. 28420125 5 53 theme bioavailable 808:819 arg1 CsB 826:828 CsB 826:828 CsB 826:828 Thus, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenolic Citrus sinensis fraction (Cs) was compared to the bioavailable one (CsB). 28420125 5 53 theme bioavailable 808:819 arg1 one 821:823 the bioavailable one 804:823 the bioavailable one (CsB) 804:829 Thus, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenolic Citrus sinensis fraction (Cs) was compared to the bioavailable one (CsB). 28420125 1 54 contain contain 102:108 arg2 amounts 116:122 large amounts 110:122 large amounts of flavonoids 110:136 Citrus plants contain large amounts of flavonoids with beneficial effects on human health. 28420125 1 54 contain contain 102:108 arg2 flavonoids 127:136 flavonoids 127:136 flavonoids 127:136 Citrus plants contain large amounts of flavonoids with beneficial effects on human health. 28420125 1 54 contain contain 102:108 arg1 plants 95:100 Citrus plants 88:100 Citrus plants 88:100 Citrus plants contain large amounts of flavonoids with beneficial effects on human health. 28420125 2 55 theme antioxidant 205:215 arg1 potential 239:247 the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential 201:247 the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of bioavailable polyphenols from Citrus sinensis 201:296 In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of bioavailable polyphenols from Citrus sinensis was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo, using the murine macrophages cell line J774A.1 and primary peritoneal macrophages. 28420125 3 56 dep in 470:471 arg1 vitro 473:477 vitro 473:477 vitro 473:477 Following simulated gastro-intestinal digestion, the in vitro bioavailability of Citrus sinensis polyphenolic extract was assessed using the human cell line Caco-2 grown as monolayers on a transwell membrane. 28420125 1 57 theme flavonoids 127:136 arg1 flavonoids 127:136 flavonoids 127:136 flavonoids 127:136 Citrus plants contain large amounts of flavonoids with beneficial effects on human health. 28420125 1 57 theme flavonoids 127:136 arg1 amounts 116:122 large amounts 110:122 large amounts of flavonoids 110:136 Citrus plants contain large amounts of flavonoids with beneficial effects on human health. 28420125 7 58 theme polyphenols 1030:1040 arg1 effect 1004:1009 the effect 1000:1009 the effect of Citrus sinensis polyphenols 1000:1040 Moreover, the effect of Citrus sinensis polyphenols was associated with antioxidant effects, such as a reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased expression. 28420125 2 59 theme Citrus 282:287 arg1 sinensis 289:296 Citrus sinensis 282:296 Citrus sinensis 282:296 In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of bioavailable polyphenols from Citrus sinensis was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo, using the murine macrophages cell line J774A.1 and primary peritoneal macrophages. 28420125 3 60 theme sinensis 505:512 arg1 extract 527:533 Citrus sinensis polyphenolic extract 498:533 Citrus sinensis polyphenolic extract 498:533 Following simulated gastro-intestinal digestion, the in vitro bioavailability of Citrus sinensis polyphenolic extract was assessed using the human cell line Caco-2 grown as monolayers on a transwell membrane. 28420125 2 61 from sinensis 289:296 arg1 potential 239:247 the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential 201:247 the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of bioavailable polyphenols from Citrus sinensis 201:296 In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of bioavailable polyphenols from Citrus sinensis was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo, using the murine macrophages cell line J774A.1 and primary peritoneal macrophages. 28420125 2 61 from sinensis 289:296 arg1 polyphenols 265:275 bioavailable polyphenols 252:275 bioavailable polyphenols from Citrus sinensis 252:296 In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of bioavailable polyphenols from Citrus sinensis was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo, using the murine macrophages cell line J774A.1 and primary peritoneal macrophages. 28420125 2 62 dep line 368:371 arg1 J774A.1 373:379 J774A.1 373:379 J774A.1 373:379 In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of bioavailable polyphenols from Citrus sinensis was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo, using the murine macrophages cell line J774A.1 and primary peritoneal macrophages. 28420125 1 63 theme beneficial 143:152 arg1 effects 154:160 beneficial effects 143:160 beneficial effects on human health 143:176 Citrus plants contain large amounts of flavonoids with beneficial effects on human health. 28420125 8 64 theme systemic 1352:1359 arg1 circulation 1361:1371 systemic circulation 1352:1371 systemic circulation exerting their effect 1352:1393 Our results provide evidence that the bioavailable polyphenolic constituents of the Citrussinensis extract accumulate prevalently at intestinal level and could reach systemic circulation exerting their effect. 28420125 8 65 theme extract 1285:1291 arg1 constituents 1250:1261 the bioavailable polyphenolic constituents 1220:1261 the bioavailable polyphenolic constituents of the Citrussinensis extract 1220:1291 Our results provide evidence that the bioavailable polyphenolic constituents of the Citrussinensis extract accumulate prevalently at intestinal level and could reach systemic circulation exerting their effect. 28420125 2 66 theme polyphenols 265:275 arg1 potential 239:247 the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential 201:247 the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of bioavailable polyphenols from Citrus sinensis 201:296 In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of bioavailable polyphenols from Citrus sinensis was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo, using the murine macrophages cell line J774A.1 and primary peritoneal macrophages. 28420125 9 67 theme nutraceutical 1547:1559 arg1 value 1561:1565 its potential nutraceutical value 1533:1565 its potential nutraceutical value 1533:1565 The bioavailable fraction showed a higher anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential compared to the initial extract, thus highlighting its potential nutraceutical value. 28420125 3 68 theme in 470:471 arg1 bioavailability 479:493 the in vitro bioavailability 466:493 the in vitro bioavailability of Citrus sinensis polyphenolic extract 466:533 Following simulated gastro-intestinal digestion, the in vitro bioavailability of Citrus sinensis polyphenolic extract was assessed using the human cell line Caco-2 grown as monolayers on a transwell membrane. 28420125 9 69 theme higher 1431:1436 arg1 potential 1472:1480 a higher anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential 1429:1480 a higher anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential 1429:1480 The bioavailable fraction showed a higher anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential compared to the initial extract, thus highlighting its potential nutraceutical value. 28420125 0 70 theme Biological 67:76 arg1 Activity 78:85 Biological Activity 67:85 Biological Activity 67:85 Bioavailable Citrus sinensis Extract: Polyphenolic Composition and Biological Activity. 28420125 6 71 theme nitric 939:944 arg1 oxide 946:950 nitric oxide 939:950 nitric oxide 939:950 Results revealed that Citrus extract were able to reduce macrophages pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide, iNOS, COX-2 and different cytokines. 28420125 2 72 theme bioavailable 252:263 arg1 polyphenols 265:275 bioavailable polyphenols 252:275 bioavailable polyphenols from Citrus sinensis 252:296 In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of bioavailable polyphenols from Citrus sinensis was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo, using the murine macrophages cell line J774A.1 and primary peritoneal macrophages. 28420125 3 73 theme human 558:562 arg1 line 569:572 the human cell line 554:572 the human cell line Caco-2 grown as monolayers on a transwell membrane 554:623 Following simulated gastro-intestinal digestion, the in vitro bioavailability of Citrus sinensis polyphenolic extract was assessed using the human cell line Caco-2 grown as monolayers on a transwell membrane. 28420125 4 74 theme relative 646:653 arg1 permeation 655:664 a relative permeation 644:664 a relative permeation of its compounds (8.3%) 644:688 Data demonstrated a relative permeation of its compounds (8.3%). 27660009 9 0 theme pre-synaptic 1669:1680 arg1 synaptotagmin 1654:1666 synaptotagmin 1654:1666 synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) 1654:1688 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 9 0 theme pre-synaptic 1669:1680 arg1 marker 1682:1687 pre-synaptic marker 1669:1687 pre-synaptic marker 1669:1687 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 12 1 theme higher 2275:2280 arg1 amounts 2282:2288 higher amounts 2275:2288 higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria 2275:2327 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 12 1 theme higher 2275:2280 arg1 Poria 2323:2327 Poria 2323:2327 Poria 2323:2327 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 12 1 theme higher 2275:2280 arg1 Rhizoma 2311:2317 Rhizoma 2311:2317 Rhizoma 2311:2317 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 11 2 theme different 2128:2136 arg1 efficacy 2138:2145 different efficacy 2128:2145 different efficacy 2128:2145 However, different ratio exerted different efficacy. 27660009 12 3 theme Radix 2189:2193 arg1 amounts 2170:2176 higher amounts 2163:2176 higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix 2163:2224 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 12 3 theme Radix 2189:2193 arg1 Radix 2189:2193 Radix 2189:2193 Radix 2189:2193 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 12 3 theme Radix 2189:2193 arg1 Radix 2220:2224 Radix 2220:2224 Radix 2220:2224 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 7 4 theme daily 1494:1498 arg1 treatment 1500:1508 daily treatment 1494:1508 daily treatment for seven days 1494:1523 RESULTS Intra-gastric administration of a chemically standardized KXS for only 6h significantly alleviated the CUMS-induced depressive symptoms displayed by enhanced sucrose consumption and this effect was maintained after daily treatment for seven days. 27660009 9 5 theme synaptic 1699:1706 arg1 marker 1739:1744 post-synaptic marker 1725:1744 post-synaptic marker 1725:1744 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 9 5 theme synaptic 1699:1706 arg1 proteins 1644:1651 these synaptic proteins 1629:1651 these synaptic proteins 1629:1651 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 9 5 theme synaptic 1699:1706 arg1 protein 1716:1722 post synaptic density protein 1694:1722 post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker) 1694:1745 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 0 6 theme cultured 190:197 arg1 hippocampal 203:213 primary cultured rat hippocampal 182:213 primary cultured rat hippocampal 182:213 Kai-Xin-San, a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula, up-regulates the expressions of synaptic proteins on hippocampus of chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron. 27660009 2 7 theme 3:2:2:3 617:623 arg1 ratio 608:612 one ratio 604:612 one ratio of 3:2:2:3 604:623 Dependent on the symptom differentiation of patients, the composition ratio of KXS was varied and one ratio of 3:2:2:3 was widely applied. 27660009 7 8 theme enhanced 1428:1435 arg1 consumption 1445:1455 enhanced sucrose consumption 1428:1455 enhanced sucrose consumption 1428:1455 RESULTS Intra-gastric administration of a chemically standardized KXS for only 6h significantly alleviated the CUMS-induced depressive symptoms displayed by enhanced sucrose consumption and this effect was maintained after daily treatment for seven days. 27660009 10 9 theme late 1941:1944 arg1 stages 1946:1951 the early and late stages 1927:1951 the early and late stages of its life episode 1927:1971 After neuronal cultures treated with three ratios of KXS at the early and late stages of its life episode, the expression levels of synaptotagmin and PSD95 were both enhanced dramatically via stimulating cAMP dependent pathway. 27660009 0 10 theme hippocampal 203:213 arg1 neuron 215:220 depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron 162:220 depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron 162:220 Kai-Xin-San, a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula, up-regulates the expressions of synaptic proteins on hippocampus of chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron. 27660009 4 11 theme in 833:834 arg1 models 842:847 both in vivo and in vitro models 816:847 both in vivo and in vitro models 816:847 PURPOSE We aimed to reveal the action mechanism of KXS on anti-depression on synaptic protein regulation in both in vivo and in vitro models. 27660009 14 12 dep inducing 2507:2514 arg1 account 2558:2564 account 2558:2564 might account for its anti-depression effect 2552:2595 CONCLUSIONS KXS was beneficial for synaptogenesis by inducing synaptic protein expressions, which might account for its anti-depression effect. 27660009 5 13 from expressions 998:1008 arg1 hippocampus 1042:1052 hippocampus 1042:1052 hippocampus of the depressive rat brains 1042:1081 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Firstly, the anti-depression effect of KXS was evaluated on a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model and the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains were determined. 27660009 5 14 theme STUDY 850:854 arg1 DESIGN/METHODS 856:869 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS 850:869 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Firstly, the anti-depression effect of KXS was evaluated on a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model and the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains were determined. 850:1098 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Firstly, the anti-depression effect of KXS was evaluated on a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model and the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains were determined. 27660009 13 15 theme herb 2393:2396 arg1 contribution 2370:2381 The contribution 2366:2381 The contribution of single herb on expressions of synaptic proteins 2366:2432 The contribution of single herb on expressions of synaptic proteins was also evaluated. 27660009 7 16 theme depressive 1395:1404 arg1 symptoms 1406:1413 the CUMS-induced depressive symptoms 1378:1413 the CUMS-induced depressive symptoms displayed by enhanced sucrose consumption 1378:1455 RESULTS Intra-gastric administration of a chemically standardized KXS for only 6h significantly alleviated the CUMS-induced depressive symptoms displayed by enhanced sucrose consumption and this effect was maintained after daily treatment for seven days. 27660009 13 17 theme synaptic 2416:2423 arg1 proteins 2425:2432 synaptic proteins 2416:2432 synaptic proteins 2416:2432 The contribution of single herb on expressions of synaptic proteins was also evaluated. 27660009 10 18 theme life 1960:1963 arg1 episode 1965:1971 its life episode 1956:1971 its life episode 1956:1971 After neuronal cultures treated with three ratios of KXS at the early and late stages of its life episode, the expression levels of synaptotagmin and PSD95 were both enhanced dramatically via stimulating cAMP dependent pathway. 27660009 1 19 theme Chinese 357:363 arg1 formula 375:381 a famous Chinese medicinal formula 348:381 a famous Chinese medicinal formula applied for treating stress-related psychiatric disease with the symptoms such as depression, forgetfulness and dizziness 348:503 BACKGROUND Kai-xin-san (KXS), composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria, is a famous Chinese medicinal formula applied for treating stress-related psychiatric disease with the symptoms such as depression, forgetfulness and dizziness. 27660009 1 19 theme Chinese 357:363 arg1 Kai-xin-san 234:244 BACKGROUND Kai-xin-san 223:244 BACKGROUND Kai-xin-san (KXS) 223:250 BACKGROUND Kai-xin-san (KXS), composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria, is a famous Chinese medicinal formula applied for treating stress-related psychiatric disease with the symptoms such as depression, forgetfulness and dizziness. 27660009 6 20 theme hippocampus 1202:1212 arg1 neurons 1214:1220 rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons 1181:1220 rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons 1181:1220 Then, KXS with different ratios as well as single herb were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons and the possible signaling pathway was explored. 27660009 0 21 theme chronic 134:140 arg1 stress 147:152 chronic mild stress 134:152 chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron 134:220 Kai-Xin-San, a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula, up-regulates the expressions of synaptic proteins on hippocampus of chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron. 27660009 1 22 theme BACKGROUND 223:232 arg1 KXS 247:249 KXS 247:249 KXS 247:249 BACKGROUND Kai-xin-san (KXS), composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria, is a famous Chinese medicinal formula applied for treating stress-related psychiatric disease with the symptoms such as depression, forgetfulness and dizziness. 27660009 1 22 theme BACKGROUND 223:232 arg1 formula 375:381 a famous Chinese medicinal formula 348:381 a famous Chinese medicinal formula applied for treating stress-related psychiatric disease with the symptoms such as depression, forgetfulness and dizziness 348:503 BACKGROUND Kai-xin-san (KXS), composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria, is a famous Chinese medicinal formula applied for treating stress-related psychiatric disease with the symptoms such as depression, forgetfulness and dizziness. 27660009 1 22 theme BACKGROUND 223:232 arg1 Kai-xin-san 234:244 BACKGROUND Kai-xin-san 223:244 BACKGROUND Kai-xin-san (KXS) 223:250 BACKGROUND Kai-xin-san (KXS), composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria, is a famous Chinese medicinal formula applied for treating stress-related psychiatric disease with the symptoms such as depression, forgetfulness and dizziness. 27660009 12 23 theme life 2352:2355 arg1 episode 2357:2363 late life episode 2347:2363 late life episode 2347:2363 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 6 24 theme primary 1185:1191 arg1 neurons 1214:1220 rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons 1181:1220 rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons 1181:1220 Then, KXS with different ratios as well as single herb were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons and the possible signaling pathway was explored. 27660009 10 25 theme expression 1978:1987 arg1 levels 1989:1994 the expression levels 1974:1994 the expression levels of synaptotagmin and PSD95 1974:2021 After neuronal cultures treated with three ratios of KXS at the early and late stages of its life episode, the expression levels of synaptotagmin and PSD95 were both enhanced dramatically via stimulating cAMP dependent pathway. 27660009 0 26 theme stress 147:152 arg1 hippocampus 119:129 hippocampus 119:129 hippocampus of chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron 119:220 Kai-Xin-San, a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula, up-regulates the expressions of synaptic proteins on hippocampus of chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron. 27660009 5 27 theme various 1013:1019 arg1 proteins 1030:1037 various synaptic proteins 1013:1037 various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains 1013:1081 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Firstly, the anti-depression effect of KXS was evaluated on a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model and the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains were determined. 27660009 4 28 from regulation 802:811 arg1 models 842:847 both in vivo and in vitro models 816:847 both in vivo and in vitro models 816:847 PURPOSE We aimed to reveal the action mechanism of KXS on anti-depression on synaptic protein regulation in both in vivo and in vitro models. 27660009 2 29 theme composition 564:574 arg1 varied 593:598 varied 593:598 varied 593:598 Dependent on the symptom differentiation of patients, the composition ratio of KXS was varied and one ratio of 3:2:2:3 was widely applied. 27660009 2 29 theme composition 564:574 arg1 ratio 576:580 the composition ratio 560:580 the composition ratio of KXS 560:587 Dependent on the symptom differentiation of patients, the composition ratio of KXS was varied and one ratio of 3:2:2:3 was widely applied. 27660009 2 29 theme composition 564:574 arg1 Dependent 506:514 Dependent 506:514 Dependent 506:514 Dependent on the symptom differentiation of patients, the composition ratio of KXS was varied and one ratio of 3:2:2:3 was widely applied. 27660009 7 30 theme only 1345:1348 arg1 6h 1350:1351 only 6h 1345:1351 only 6h 1345:1351 RESULTS Intra-gastric administration of a chemically standardized KXS for only 6h significantly alleviated the CUMS-induced depressive symptoms displayed by enhanced sucrose consumption and this effect was maintained after daily treatment for seven days. 27660009 12 31 theme better 2233:2238 arg1 effect 2240:2245 better effect 2233:2245 better effect 2233:2245 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 0 32 theme depressive 162:171 arg1 rats 173:176 depressive rats 162:176 depressive rats 162:176 Kai-Xin-San, a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula, up-regulates the expressions of synaptic proteins on hippocampus of chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron. 27660009 5 33 theme proteins 1030:1037 arg1 expressions 998:1008 the mRNA expressions 989:1008 the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains 989:1081 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Firstly, the anti-depression effect of KXS was evaluated on a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model and the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains were determined. 27660009 5 34 theme KXS 910:912 arg1 effect 900:905 the anti-depression effect 880:905 the anti-depression effect of KXS 880:912 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Firstly, the anti-depression effect of KXS was evaluated on a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model and the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains were determined. 27660009 9 35 theme altered 1764:1770 arg1 magnitude 1772:1780 the higher altered magnitude 1753:1780 the higher altered magnitude on animal model 1753:1796 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 7 36 theme KXS 1337:1339 arg1 administration 1293:1306 Intra-gastric administration 1279:1306 Intra-gastric administration of a chemically standardized KXS for only 6h 1279:1351 RESULTS Intra-gastric administration of a chemically standardized KXS for only 6h significantly alleviated the CUMS-induced depressive symptoms displayed by enhanced sucrose consumption and this effect was maintained after daily treatment for seven days. 27660009 4 37 from anti-depression 766:780 arg1 regulation 802:811 synaptic protein regulation 785:811 synaptic protein regulation in both in vivo and in vitro models 785:847 PURPOSE We aimed to reveal the action mechanism of KXS on anti-depression on synaptic protein regulation in both in vivo and in vitro models. 27660009 9 38 theme post-synaptic 1725:1737 arg1 marker 1739:1744 post-synaptic marker 1725:1744 post-synaptic marker 1725:1744 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 9 38 theme post-synaptic 1725:1737 arg1 protein 1716:1722 post synaptic density protein 1694:1722 post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker) 1694:1745 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 1 39 theme stress-related 404:417 arg1 disease 431:437 stress-related psychiatric disease 404:437 stress-related psychiatric disease 404:437 BACKGROUND Kai-xin-san (KXS), composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria, is a famous Chinese medicinal formula applied for treating stress-related psychiatric disease with the symptoms such as depression, forgetfulness and dizziness. 27660009 6 40 theme signaling 1239:1247 arg1 pathway 1249:1255 the possible signaling pathway 1226:1255 the possible signaling pathway 1226:1255 Then, KXS with different ratios as well as single herb were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons and the possible signaling pathway was explored. 27660009 2 41 theme symptom 523:529 arg1 differentiation 531:545 the symptom differentiation 519:545 the symptom differentiation of patients 519:557 Dependent on the symptom differentiation of patients, the composition ratio of KXS was varied and one ratio of 3:2:2:3 was widely applied. 27660009 5 42 theme rat 1072:1074 arg1 brains 1076:1081 the depressive rat brains 1057:1081 the depressive rat brains 1057:1081 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Firstly, the anti-depression effect of KXS was evaluated on a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model and the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains were determined. 27660009 4 43 from mechanism 746:754 arg1 anti-depression 766:780 anti-depression 766:780 anti-depression on synaptic protein regulation in both in vivo and in vitro models 766:847 PURPOSE We aimed to reveal the action mechanism of KXS on anti-depression on synaptic protein regulation in both in vivo and in vitro models. 27660009 5 44 theme mild 941:944 arg1 stress 946:951 a chronic mild stress 931:951 a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model 931:983 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Firstly, the anti-depression effect of KXS was evaluated on a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model and the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains were determined. 27660009 14 45 theme anti-depression 2574:2588 arg1 effect 2590:2595 its anti-depression effect 2570:2595 its anti-depression effect 2570:2595 CONCLUSIONS KXS was beneficial for synaptogenesis by inducing synaptic protein expressions, which might account for its anti-depression effect. 27660009 4 46 theme KXS 759:761 arg1 mechanism 746:754 the action mechanism 735:754 the action mechanism of KXS on anti-depression on synaptic protein regulation in both in vivo and in vitro models 735:847 PURPOSE We aimed to reveal the action mechanism of KXS on anti-depression on synaptic protein regulation in both in vivo and in vitro models. 27660009 0 47 theme proteins 107:114 arg1 expressions 83:93 the expressions 79:93 the expressions of synaptic proteins on hippocampus of chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron 79:220 Kai-Xin-San, a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula, up-regulates the expressions of synaptic proteins on hippocampus of chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron. 27660009 0 48 theme Chinese 40:46 arg1 Kai-Xin-San 0:10 Kai-Xin-San 0:10 Kai-Xin-San 0:10 Kai-Xin-San, a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula, up-regulates the expressions of synaptic proteins on hippocampus of chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron. 27660009 0 48 theme Chinese 40:46 arg1 medicine 48:55 a standardized traditional Chinese medicine 13:55 a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula 13:63 Kai-Xin-San, a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula, up-regulates the expressions of synaptic proteins on hippocampus of chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron. 27660009 7 49 theme standardized 1324:1335 arg1 KXS 1337:1339 a chemically standardized KXS 1311:1339 a chemically standardized KXS for only 6h 1311:1351 RESULTS Intra-gastric administration of a chemically standardized KXS for only 6h significantly alleviated the CUMS-induced depressive symptoms displayed by enhanced sucrose consumption and this effect was maintained after daily treatment for seven days. 27660009 8 50 theme mRNA 1546:1549 arg1 expressions 1551:1561 the mRNA expressions 1542:1561 the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus 1542:1605 Simultaneously, the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus were regulated. 27660009 12 51 theme Radix 2220:2224 arg1 amounts 2170:2176 higher amounts 2163:2176 higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix 2163:2224 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 12 51 theme Radix 2220:2224 arg1 Radix 2189:2193 Radix 2189:2193 Radix 2189:2193 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 12 51 theme Radix 2220:2224 arg1 Radix 2220:2224 Radix 2220:2224 Radix 2220:2224 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 4 52 dep PURPOSE 708:714 arg1 aimed 719:723 aimed 719:723 aimed to reveal the action mechanism of KXS on anti-depression on synaptic protein regulation in both in vivo and in vitro models 719:847 PURPOSE We aimed to reveal the action mechanism of KXS on anti-depression on synaptic protein regulation in both in vivo and in vitro models. 27660009 9 53 theme rat 1825:1827 arg1 neurons 1858:1864 rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons 1825:1864 rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons 1825:1864 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 5 54 dep DESIGN/METHODS 856:869 arg1 determined 1088:1097 determined 1088:1097 were determined 1083:1097 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Firstly, the anti-depression effect of KXS was evaluated on a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model and the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains were determined. 27660009 5 54 dep DESIGN/METHODS 856:869 arg1 evaluated 918:926 evaluated 918:926 was evaluated on a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model 914:983 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Firstly, the anti-depression effect of KXS was evaluated on a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model and the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains were determined. 27660009 4 55 dep in 821:822 arg1 vivo 824:827 vivo 824:827 vivo 824:827 PURPOSE We aimed to reveal the action mechanism of KXS on anti-depression on synaptic protein regulation in both in vivo and in vitro models. 27660009 9 56 theme cultured 1837:1844 arg1 neurons 1858:1864 rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons 1825:1864 rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons 1825:1864 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 8 57 theme synaptic 1574:1581 arg1 proteins 1583:1590 various synaptic proteins 1566:1590 various synaptic proteins 1566:1590 Simultaneously, the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus were regulated. 27660009 0 58 theme traditional 28:38 arg1 Kai-Xin-San 0:10 Kai-Xin-San 0:10 Kai-Xin-San 0:10 Kai-Xin-San, a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula, up-regulates the expressions of synaptic proteins on hippocampus of chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron. 27660009 0 58 theme traditional 28:38 arg1 medicine 48:55 a standardized traditional Chinese medicine 13:55 a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula 13:63 Kai-Xin-San, a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula, up-regulates the expressions of synaptic proteins on hippocampus of chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron. 27660009 5 59 theme mRNA 993:996 arg1 expressions 998:1008 the mRNA expressions 989:1008 the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains 989:1081 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Firstly, the anti-depression effect of KXS was evaluated on a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model and the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains were determined. 27660009 12 60 with ratio 2152:2156 arg1 amounts 2170:2176 higher amounts 2163:2176 higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix 2163:2224 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 12 60 with ratio 2152:2156 arg1 Radix 2189:2193 Radix 2189:2193 Radix 2189:2193 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 12 60 with ratio 2152:2156 arg1 Radix 2220:2224 Radix 2220:2224 Radix 2220:2224 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 9 61 theme synaptic 1635:1642 arg1 synaptotagmin 1654:1666 synaptotagmin 1654:1666 synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) 1654:1688 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 9 61 theme synaptic 1635:1642 arg1 proteins 1644:1651 these synaptic proteins 1629:1651 these synaptic proteins 1629:1651 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 9 61 theme synaptic 1635:1642 arg1 protein 1716:1722 post synaptic density protein 1694:1722 post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker) 1694:1745 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 3 62 theme molecular 658:666 arg1 mechanism 668:676 its molecular mechanism 654:676 its molecular mechanism 654:676 However, its molecular mechanism has seldom been investigated. 27660009 0 63 dep medicine 48:55 arg1 formula 57:63 formula 57:63 a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula 13:63 Kai-Xin-San, a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula, up-regulates the expressions of synaptic proteins on hippocampus of chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron. 27660009 7 64 dep RESULTS 1271:1277 arg1 alleviated 1367:1376 alleviated 1367:1376 alleviated the CUMS-induced depressive symptoms displayed by enhanced sucrose consumption 1367:1455 RESULTS Intra-gastric administration of a chemically standardized KXS for only 6h significantly alleviated the CUMS-induced depressive symptoms displayed by enhanced sucrose consumption and this effect was maintained after daily treatment for seven days. 27660009 7 64 dep RESULTS 1271:1277 arg1 maintained 1477:1486 maintained 1477:1486 was maintained after daily treatment for seven days 1473:1523 RESULTS Intra-gastric administration of a chemically standardized KXS for only 6h significantly alleviated the CUMS-induced depressive symptoms displayed by enhanced sucrose consumption and this effect was maintained after daily treatment for seven days. 27660009 4 65 theme synaptic 785:792 arg1 regulation 802:811 synaptic protein regulation 785:811 synaptic protein regulation in both in vivo and in vitro models 785:847 PURPOSE We aimed to reveal the action mechanism of KXS on anti-depression on synaptic protein regulation in both in vivo and in vitro models. 27660009 14 66 theme synaptic 2516:2523 arg1 expressions 2533:2543 synaptic protein expressions 2516:2543 synaptic protein expressions 2516:2543 CONCLUSIONS KXS was beneficial for synaptogenesis by inducing synaptic protein expressions, which might account for its anti-depression effect. 27660009 0 67 theme primary 182:188 arg1 hippocampal 203:213 primary cultured rat hippocampal 182:213 primary cultured rat hippocampal 182:213 Kai-Xin-San, a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula, up-regulates the expressions of synaptic proteins on hippocampus of chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron. 27660009 6 68 with KXS 1106:1108 arg1 ratios 1125:1130 different ratios 1115:1130 different ratios as well as single herb 1115:1153 Then, KXS with different ratios as well as single herb were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons and the possible signaling pathway was explored. 27660009 6 68 with KXS 1106:1108 arg1 herb 1150:1153 single herb 1143:1153 different ratios as well as single herb 1115:1153 Then, KXS with different ratios as well as single herb were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons and the possible signaling pathway was explored. 27660009 9 69 theme density 1708:1714 arg1 marker 1739:1744 post-synaptic marker 1725:1744 post-synaptic marker 1725:1744 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 9 69 theme density 1708:1714 arg1 proteins 1644:1651 these synaptic proteins 1629:1651 these synaptic proteins 1629:1651 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 9 69 theme density 1708:1714 arg1 protein 1716:1722 post synaptic density protein 1694:1722 post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker) 1694:1745 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 10 70 theme KXS 1920:1922 arg1 ratios 1910:1915 three ratios 1904:1915 three ratios of KXS 1904:1922 After neuronal cultures treated with three ratios of KXS at the early and late stages of its life episode, the expression levels of synaptotagmin and PSD95 were both enhanced dramatically via stimulating cAMP dependent pathway. 27660009 0 71 theme rat 199:201 arg1 hippocampal 203:213 primary cultured rat hippocampal 182:213 primary cultured rat hippocampal 182:213 Kai-Xin-San, a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula, up-regulates the expressions of synaptic proteins on hippocampus of chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron. 27660009 12 72 dep Radix 2189:2193 arg1 Rhizoma 2198:2204 Radix et Rhizoma 2189:2204 Radix et Rhizoma 2189:2204 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 2 73 theme KXS 585:587 arg1 varied 593:598 varied 593:598 varied 593:598 Dependent on the symptom differentiation of patients, the composition ratio of KXS was varied and one ratio of 3:2:2:3 was widely applied. 27660009 2 73 theme KXS 585:587 arg1 ratio 576:580 the composition ratio 560:580 the composition ratio of KXS 560:587 Dependent on the symptom differentiation of patients, the composition ratio of KXS was varied and one ratio of 3:2:2:3 was widely applied. 27660009 2 73 theme KXS 585:587 arg1 Dependent 506:514 Dependent 506:514 Dependent 506:514 Dependent on the symptom differentiation of patients, the composition ratio of KXS was varied and one ratio of 3:2:2:3 was widely applied. 27660009 6 74 theme single 1143:1148 arg1 herb 1150:1153 single herb 1143:1153 different ratios as well as single herb 1115:1153 Then, KXS with different ratios as well as single herb were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons and the possible signaling pathway was explored. 27660009 6 75 theme possible 1230:1237 arg1 pathway 1249:1255 the possible signaling pathway 1226:1255 the possible signaling pathway 1226:1255 Then, KXS with different ratios as well as single herb were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons and the possible signaling pathway was explored. 27660009 4 76 theme in 821:822 arg1 models 842:847 both in vivo and in vitro models 816:847 both in vivo and in vitro models 816:847 PURPOSE We aimed to reveal the action mechanism of KXS on anti-depression on synaptic protein regulation in both in vivo and in vitro models. 27660009 7 77 theme sucrose 1437:1443 arg1 consumption 1445:1455 enhanced sucrose consumption 1428:1455 enhanced sucrose consumption 1428:1455 RESULTS Intra-gastric administration of a chemically standardized KXS for only 6h significantly alleviated the CUMS-induced depressive symptoms displayed by enhanced sucrose consumption and this effect was maintained after daily treatment for seven days. 27660009 10 78 theme episode 1965:1971 arg1 stages 1946:1951 the early and late stages 1927:1951 the early and late stages of its life episode 1927:1971 After neuronal cultures treated with three ratios of KXS at the early and late stages of its life episode, the expression levels of synaptotagmin and PSD95 were both enhanced dramatically via stimulating cAMP dependent pathway. 27660009 2 79 theme patients 550:557 arg1 differentiation 531:545 the symptom differentiation 519:545 the symptom differentiation of patients 519:557 Dependent on the symptom differentiation of patients, the composition ratio of KXS was varied and one ratio of 3:2:2:3 was widely applied. 27660009 0 80 from expressions 83:93 arg1 hippocampus 119:129 hippocampus 119:129 hippocampus of chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron 119:220 Kai-Xin-San, a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula, up-regulates the expressions of synaptic proteins on hippocampus of chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron. 27660009 0 81 theme mild 142:145 arg1 stress 147:152 chronic mild stress 134:152 chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron 134:220 Kai-Xin-San, a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula, up-regulates the expressions of synaptic proteins on hippocampus of chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron. 27660009 1 82 theme medicinal 365:373 arg1 formula 375:381 a famous Chinese medicinal formula 348:381 a famous Chinese medicinal formula applied for treating stress-related psychiatric disease with the symptoms such as depression, forgetfulness and dizziness 348:503 BACKGROUND Kai-xin-san (KXS), composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria, is a famous Chinese medicinal formula applied for treating stress-related psychiatric disease with the symptoms such as depression, forgetfulness and dizziness. 27660009 1 82 theme medicinal 365:373 arg1 Kai-xin-san 234:244 BACKGROUND Kai-xin-san 223:244 BACKGROUND Kai-xin-san (KXS) 223:250 BACKGROUND Kai-xin-san (KXS), composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria, is a famous Chinese medicinal formula applied for treating stress-related psychiatric disease with the symptoms such as depression, forgetfulness and dizziness. 27660009 6 83 theme cultured 1193:1200 arg1 neurons 1214:1220 rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons 1181:1220 rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons 1181:1220 Then, KXS with different ratios as well as single herb were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons and the possible signaling pathway was explored. 27660009 5 84 theme depressive 1061:1070 arg1 brains 1076:1081 the depressive rat brains 1057:1081 the depressive rat brains 1057:1081 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Firstly, the anti-depression effect of KXS was evaluated on a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model and the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains were determined. 27660009 5 85 theme anti-depression 884:898 arg1 effect 900:905 the anti-depression effect 880:905 the anti-depression effect of KXS 880:912 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Firstly, the anti-depression effect of KXS was evaluated on a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model and the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains were determined. 27660009 2 86 dep varied 593:598 arg1 varied 593:598 varied 593:598 varied 593:598 Dependent on the symptom differentiation of patients, the composition ratio of KXS was varied and one ratio of 3:2:2:3 was widely applied. 27660009 2 86 dep varied 593:598 arg1 ratio 576:580 the composition ratio 560:580 the composition ratio of KXS 560:587 Dependent on the symptom differentiation of patients, the composition ratio of KXS was varied and one ratio of 3:2:2:3 was widely applied. 27660009 2 86 dep varied 593:598 arg1 Dependent 506:514 Dependent 506:514 Dependent 506:514 Dependent on the symptom differentiation of patients, the composition ratio of KXS was varied and one ratio of 3:2:2:3 was widely applied. 27660009 11 87 theme different 2104:2112 arg1 ratio 2114:2118 different ratio 2104:2118 different ratio 2104:2118 However, different ratio exerted different efficacy. 27660009 12 88 theme Poria 2323:2327 arg1 amounts 2282:2288 higher amounts 2275:2288 higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria 2275:2327 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 12 88 theme Poria 2323:2327 arg1 Poria 2323:2327 Poria 2323:2327 Poria 2323:2327 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 12 88 theme Poria 2323:2327 arg1 Rhizoma 2311:2317 Rhizoma 2311:2317 Rhizoma 2311:2317 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 6 89 theme rat 1181:1183 arg1 neurons 1214:1220 rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons 1181:1220 rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons 1181:1220 Then, KXS with different ratios as well as single herb were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons and the possible signaling pathway was explored. 27660009 0 90 theme rats 173:176 arg1 neuron 215:220 depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron 162:220 depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron 162:220 Kai-Xin-San, a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula, up-regulates the expressions of synaptic proteins on hippocampus of chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron. 27660009 5 91 theme synaptic 1021:1028 arg1 proteins 1030:1037 various synaptic proteins 1013:1037 various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains 1013:1081 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Firstly, the anti-depression effect of KXS was evaluated on a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model and the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains were determined. 27660009 6 92 theme different 1115:1123 arg1 ratios 1125:1130 different ratios 1115:1130 different ratios as well as single herb 1115:1153 Then, KXS with different ratios as well as single herb were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons and the possible signaling pathway was explored. 27660009 9 93 theme higher 1757:1762 arg1 magnitude 1772:1780 the higher altered magnitude 1753:1780 the higher altered magnitude on animal model 1753:1796 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 10 94 theme PSD95 2017:2021 arg1 levels 1989:1994 the expression levels 1974:1994 the expression levels of synaptotagmin and PSD95 1974:2021 After neuronal cultures treated with three ratios of KXS at the early and late stages of its life episode, the expression levels of synaptotagmin and PSD95 were both enhanced dramatically via stimulating cAMP dependent pathway. 27660009 5 95 from proteins 1030:1037 arg1 hippocampus 1042:1052 hippocampus 1042:1052 hippocampus of the depressive rat brains 1042:1081 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Firstly, the anti-depression effect of KXS was evaluated on a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model and the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains were determined. 27660009 1 96 theme psychiatric 419:429 arg1 disease 431:437 stress-related psychiatric disease 404:437 stress-related psychiatric disease 404:437 BACKGROUND Kai-xin-san (KXS), composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria, is a famous Chinese medicinal formula applied for treating stress-related psychiatric disease with the symptoms such as depression, forgetfulness and dizziness. 27660009 9 97 theme post 1694:1697 arg1 marker 1739:1744 post-synaptic marker 1725:1744 post-synaptic marker 1725:1744 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 9 97 theme post 1694:1697 arg1 proteins 1644:1651 these synaptic proteins 1629:1651 these synaptic proteins 1629:1651 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 9 97 theme post 1694:1697 arg1 protein 1716:1722 post synaptic density protein 1694:1722 post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker) 1694:1745 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 10 98 theme synaptotagmin 1999:2011 arg1 levels 1989:1994 the expression levels 1974:1994 the expression levels of synaptotagmin and PSD95 1974:2021 After neuronal cultures treated with three ratios of KXS at the early and late stages of its life episode, the expression levels of synaptotagmin and PSD95 were both enhanced dramatically via stimulating cAMP dependent pathway. 27660009 9 99 theme animal 1785:1790 arg1 model 1792:1796 animal model 1785:1796 animal model 1785:1796 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 12 100 theme Rhizoma 2311:2317 arg1 amounts 2282:2288 higher amounts 2275:2288 higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria 2275:2327 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 12 100 theme Rhizoma 2311:2317 arg1 Poria 2323:2327 Poria 2323:2327 Poria 2323:2327 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 12 100 theme Rhizoma 2311:2317 arg1 Rhizoma 2311:2317 Rhizoma 2311:2317 Rhizoma 2311:2317 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 12 101 theme late 2347:2350 arg1 episode 2357:2363 late life episode 2347:2363 late life episode 2347:2363 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 0 102 theme synaptic 98:105 arg1 proteins 107:114 synaptic proteins 98:114 synaptic proteins 98:114 Kai-Xin-San, a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula, up-regulates the expressions of synaptic proteins on hippocampus of chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron. 27660009 5 103 theme animal 972:977 arg1 model 979:983 depressive animal model 961:983 depressive animal model 961:983 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Firstly, the anti-depression effect of KXS was evaluated on a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model and the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains were determined. 27660009 5 104 theme chronic 933:939 arg1 stress 946:951 a chronic mild stress 931:951 a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model 931:983 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Firstly, the anti-depression effect of KXS was evaluated on a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model and the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains were determined. 27660009 4 105 theme action 739:744 arg1 mechanism 746:754 the action mechanism 735:754 the action mechanism of KXS on anti-depression on synaptic protein regulation in both in vivo and in vitro models 735:847 PURPOSE We aimed to reveal the action mechanism of KXS on anti-depression on synaptic protein regulation in both in vivo and in vitro models. 27660009 13 106 from contribution 2370:2381 arg1 expressions 2401:2411 expressions 2401:2411 expressions of synaptic proteins 2401:2432 The contribution of single herb on expressions of synaptic proteins was also evaluated. 27660009 5 107 from hippocampus 1042:1052 arg1 expressions 998:1008 the mRNA expressions 989:1008 the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains 989:1081 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Firstly, the anti-depression effect of KXS was evaluated on a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model and the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains were determined. 27660009 5 108 theme brains 1076:1081 arg1 hippocampus 1042:1052 hippocampus 1042:1052 hippocampus of the depressive rat brains 1042:1081 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Firstly, the anti-depression effect of KXS was evaluated on a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model and the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains were determined. 27660009 12 109 theme early 2250:2254 arg1 episode 2261:2267 early life episode 2250:2267 early life episode 2250:2267 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 4 110 dep in 833:834 arg1 vitro 836:840 vitro 836:840 vitro 836:840 PURPOSE We aimed to reveal the action mechanism of KXS on anti-depression on synaptic protein regulation in both in vivo and in vitro models. 27660009 1 111 theme famous 350:355 arg1 formula 375:381 a famous Chinese medicinal formula 348:381 a famous Chinese medicinal formula applied for treating stress-related psychiatric disease with the symptoms such as depression, forgetfulness and dizziness 348:503 BACKGROUND Kai-xin-san (KXS), composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria, is a famous Chinese medicinal formula applied for treating stress-related psychiatric disease with the symptoms such as depression, forgetfulness and dizziness. 27660009 1 111 theme famous 350:355 arg1 Kai-xin-san 234:244 BACKGROUND Kai-xin-san 223:244 BACKGROUND Kai-xin-san (KXS) 223:250 BACKGROUND Kai-xin-san (KXS), composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria, is a famous Chinese medicinal formula applied for treating stress-related psychiatric disease with the symptoms such as depression, forgetfulness and dizziness. 27660009 8 112 theme various 1566:1572 arg1 proteins 1583:1590 various synaptic proteins 1566:1590 various synaptic proteins 1566:1590 Simultaneously, the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus were regulated. 27660009 14 113 theme protein 2525:2531 arg1 expressions 2533:2543 synaptic protein expressions 2516:2543 synaptic protein expressions 2516:2543 CONCLUSIONS KXS was beneficial for synaptogenesis by inducing synaptic protein expressions, which might account for its anti-depression effect. 27660009 0 114 theme standardized 15:26 arg1 Kai-Xin-San 0:10 Kai-Xin-San 0:10 Kai-Xin-San 0:10 Kai-Xin-San, a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula, up-regulates the expressions of synaptic proteins on hippocampus of chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron. 27660009 0 114 theme standardized 15:26 arg1 medicine 48:55 a standardized traditional Chinese medicine 13:55 a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula 13:63 Kai-Xin-San, a standardized traditional Chinese medicine formula, up-regulates the expressions of synaptic proteins on hippocampus of chronic mild stress induced depressive rats and primary cultured rat hippocampal neuron. 27660009 13 115 theme proteins 2425:2432 arg1 expressions 2401:2411 expressions 2401:2411 expressions of synaptic proteins 2401:2432 The contribution of single herb on expressions of synaptic proteins was also evaluated. 27660009 7 116 theme Intra-gastric 1279:1291 arg1 administration 1293:1306 Intra-gastric administration 1279:1306 Intra-gastric administration of a chemically standardized KXS for only 6h 1279:1351 RESULTS Intra-gastric administration of a chemically standardized KXS for only 6h significantly alleviated the CUMS-induced depressive symptoms displayed by enhanced sucrose consumption and this effect was maintained after daily treatment for seven days. 27660009 9 117 theme primary 1829:1835 arg1 neurons 1858:1864 rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons 1825:1864 rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons 1825:1864 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 8 118 theme proteins 1583:1590 arg1 expressions 1551:1561 the mRNA expressions 1542:1561 the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus 1542:1605 Simultaneously, the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus were regulated. 27660009 12 119 theme life 2256:2259 arg1 episode 2261:2267 early life episode 2250:2267 early life episode 2250:2267 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 8 120 from expressions 1551:1561 arg1 hippocampus 1595:1605 hippocampus 1595:1605 hippocampus 1595:1605 Simultaneously, the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus were regulated. 27660009 13 121 theme single 2386:2391 arg1 herb 2393:2396 single herb 2386:2396 single herb 2386:2396 The contribution of single herb on expressions of synaptic proteins was also evaluated. 27660009 9 122 theme hippocampus 1846:1856 arg1 neurons 1858:1864 rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons 1825:1864 rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons 1825:1864 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 10 123 theme neuronal 1873:1880 arg1 cultures 1882:1889 neuronal cultures 1873:1889 neuronal cultures treated with three ratios of KXS at the early and late stages of its life episode 1873:1971 After neuronal cultures treated with three ratios of KXS at the early and late stages of its life episode, the expression levels of synaptotagmin and PSD95 were both enhanced dramatically via stimulating cAMP dependent pathway. 27660009 4 124 theme protein 794:800 arg1 regulation 802:811 synaptic protein regulation 785:811 synaptic protein regulation in both in vivo and in vitro models 785:847 PURPOSE We aimed to reveal the action mechanism of KXS on anti-depression on synaptic protein regulation in both in vivo and in vitro models. 27660009 14 125 theme CONCLUSIONS 2454:2464 arg1 KXS 2466:2468 CONCLUSIONS KXS 2454:2468 CONCLUSIONS KXS 2454:2468 CONCLUSIONS KXS was beneficial for synaptogenesis by inducing synaptic protein expressions, which might account for its anti-depression effect. 27660009 5 126 theme depressive 961:970 arg1 model 979:983 depressive animal model 961:983 depressive animal model 961:983 STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Firstly, the anti-depression effect of KXS was evaluated on a chronic mild stress induced depressive animal model and the mRNA expressions of various synaptic proteins in hippocampus of the depressive rat brains were determined. 27660009 7 127 theme CUMS-induced 1382:1393 arg1 symptoms 1406:1413 the CUMS-induced depressive symptoms 1378:1413 the CUMS-induced depressive symptoms displayed by enhanced sucrose consumption 1378:1455 RESULTS Intra-gastric administration of a chemically standardized KXS for only 6h significantly alleviated the CUMS-induced depressive symptoms displayed by enhanced sucrose consumption and this effect was maintained after daily treatment for seven days. 27660009 10 128 theme dependent 2076:2084 arg1 pathway 2086:2092 cAMP dependent pathway 2071:2092 cAMP dependent pathway 2071:2092 After neuronal cultures treated with three ratios of KXS at the early and late stages of its life episode, the expression levels of synaptotagmin and PSD95 were both enhanced dramatically via stimulating cAMP dependent pathway. 27660009 12 129 theme higher 2163:2168 arg1 amounts 2170:2176 higher amounts 2163:2176 higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix 2163:2224 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 12 129 theme higher 2163:2168 arg1 Radix 2189:2193 Radix 2189:2193 Radix 2189:2193 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 12 129 theme higher 2163:2168 arg1 Radix 2220:2224 Radix 2220:2224 Radix 2220:2224 The ratio with higher amounts of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix showed better effect in early life episode while higher amounts of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Poria behaved better in late life episode. 27660009 9 130 from magnitude 1772:1780 arg1 model 1792:1796 animal model 1785:1796 animal model 1785:1796 Among these synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin (pre-synaptic marker) and post synaptic density protein (post-synaptic marker), with the higher altered magnitude on animal model, were further evaluated on rat primary cultured hippocampus neurons. 27660009 10 131 theme early 1931:1935 arg1 stages 1946:1951 the early and late stages 1927:1951 the early and late stages of its life episode 1927:1971 After neuronal cultures treated with three ratios of KXS at the early and late stages of its life episode, the expression levels of synaptotagmin and PSD95 were both enhanced dramatically via stimulating cAMP dependent pathway. 28893629 0 0 theme hyperphagic 119:129 arg1 rat 165:167 the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat 115:167 the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat 115:167 Obesity and type 2 diabetes, not a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol, negatively impacts bone outcomes in the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat. 28893629 3 1 theme 17 798:799 arg1 % 803:803 % 803:803 % 803:803 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 11 2 theme LETO 2048:2051 arg1 rats 2053:2056 LETO rats 2048:2056 LETO rats 2048:2056 Whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties of the tibia were not affected by obesity/T2D; the HFSC diet improved biomechanical properties only in LETO rats. 28893629 0 3 theme Long 138:141 arg1 rat 165:167 the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat 115:167 the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat 115:167 Obesity and type 2 diabetes, not a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol, negatively impacts bone outcomes in the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat. 28893629 3 4 dep HFSC 755:758 arg1 % 821:821 1wt% 818:821 1wt% 818:821 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 3 4 dep HFSC 755:758 arg1 sucrose 805:811 17 en% sucrose 798:811 17 en% sucrose 798:811 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 3 4 dep HFSC 755:758 arg1 % 766:766 45 en% 761:766 45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard 761:795 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 2 5 theme Long 526:529 arg1 rats 561:564 hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats 507:564 hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats 507:564 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 0 6 theme Tokushima 149:157 arg1 rat 165:167 the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat 115:167 the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat 115:167 Obesity and type 2 diabetes, not a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol, negatively impacts bone outcomes in the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat. 28893629 2 7 theme hyperphagic 507:517 arg1 rats 561:564 hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats 507:564 hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats 507:564 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 7 8 theme bone 1499:1502 arg1 outcomes 1504:1511 bone outcomes 1499:1511 bone outcomes 1499:1511 Two-factor ANOVA was used to determine main and interactive effects of diet (CON vs. HFSC) and obesity/T2D (OLETF vs. LETO) on bone outcomes. 28893629 10 9 theme Trabecular 1793:1802 arg1 volume 1809:1814 Trabecular bone volume 1793:1814 Trabecular bone volume 1793:1814 Trabecular bone volume and microarchitecture were adversely affected by obesity/T2D, but not diet. 28893629 9 10 theme bone 1687:1690 arg1 formation 1692:1700 bone formation 1687:1700 bone formation 1687:1700 Total body BMC and serum markers of bone formation were decreased, and bone resorption and sclerostin were increased in obese/T2D OLETF rats. 28893629 8 11 theme body 1574:1577 arg1 fat 1579:1581 body fat 1574:1581 body fat 1574:1581 RESULTS Hyperphagic OLEFT rats had greater final body mass, body fat, and fasting glucose than normophagic LETO, with no effect of diet. 28893629 3 12 theme % 803:803 arg1 sucrose 805:811 17 en% sucrose 798:811 17 en% sucrose 798:811 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 6 13 theme microcomputed 1240:1252 arg1 tomography 1254:1263 microcomputed tomography 1240:1263 microcomputed tomography 1240:1263 Trabecular microarchitecture of the proximal tibia and geometry of the tibia mid-diaphysis were measured using microcomputed tomography; whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties were evaluated using torsional loading of the tibia. 28893629 2 14 theme interactive 433:443 arg1 effects 445:451 the main and interactive effects 420:451 the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls 420:624 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 12 15 theme bone 2189:2192 arg1 volume 2194:2199 trabecular bone volume 2178:2199 trabecular bone volume 2178:2199 CONCLUSIONS Obesity/T2D, regardless of diet, negatively impacted the balance between bone formation and resorption and trabecular bone volume and microarchitecture in OLETF rats. 28893629 3 16 theme age 648:650 arg1 8weeks 638:643 8weeks 638:643 8weeks of age 638:650 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 12 17 theme OLETF 2226:2230 arg1 rats 2232:2235 OLETF rats 2226:2235 OLETF rats 2226:2235 CONCLUSIONS Obesity/T2D, regardless of diet, negatively impacted the balance between bone formation and resorption and trabecular bone volume and microarchitecture in OLETF rats. 28893629 1 18 theme diet 322:325 arg1 consumption 305:315 consumption 305:315 consumption of a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol (HFSC) 305:370 BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) increase fracture risk; however, the association between obesity/T2D may be confounded by consumption of a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol (HFSC). 28893629 2 19 theme HFSC 474:477 arg1 diet 479:482 a HFSC diet 472:482 a HFSC diet 472:482 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 2 20 theme Evans 587:591 arg1 LETO 611:614 LETO 611:614 LETO 611:614 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 2 20 theme Evans 587:591 arg1 Otsuka 603:608 Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka 582:608 normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls 570:624 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 0 21 theme bone 98:101 arg1 outcomes 103:110 bone outcomes 98:110 bone outcomes 98:110 Obesity and type 2 diabetes, not a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol, negatively impacts bone outcomes in the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat. 28893629 9 22 theme serum 1670:1674 arg1 markers 1676:1682 serum markers 1670:1682 serum markers of bone formation 1670:1700 Total body BMC and serum markers of bone formation were decreased, and bone resorption and sclerostin were increased in obese/T2D OLETF rats. 28893629 2 23 theme normophagic 570:580 arg1 controls 617:624 normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls 570:624 normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls 570:624 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 8 24 theme diet 1645:1648 arg1 effect 1635:1640 no effect 1632:1640 no effect of diet 1632:1648 RESULTS Hyperphagic OLEFT rats had greater final body mass, body fat, and fasting glucose than normophagic LETO, with no effect of diet. 28893629 7 25 theme obesity/T2D 1467:1477 arg1 effects 1432:1438 main and interactive effects 1411:1438 main and interactive effects of diet (CON vs. HFSC) and obesity/T2D (OLETF vs. LETO) on bone outcomes 1411:1511 Two-factor ANOVA was used to determine main and interactive effects of diet (CON vs. HFSC) and obesity/T2D (OLETF vs. LETO) on bone outcomes. 28893629 11 26 theme biomechanical 1920:1932 arg1 properties 1934:1943 Whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties 1892:1943 Whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties of the tibia 1892:1956 Whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties of the tibia were not affected by obesity/T2D; the HFSC diet improved biomechanical properties only in LETO rats. 28893629 3 27 from fat 732:734 arg1 % 725:725 10 en% 720:725 10 en% from fat as soybean oil 720:749 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 3 27 from fat 732:734 arg1 CON 715:717 CON 715:717 CON 715:717 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 4 28 theme body 884:887 arg1 BMC 911:913 BMC 911:913 BMC 911:913 At 32weeks, total body bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) and body composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, followed by euthanasia and collection of blood and tibiae. 28893629 4 28 theme body 884:887 arg1 content 902:908 total body bone mineral content 878:908 total body bone mineral content (BMC) 878:914 At 32weeks, total body bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) and body composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, followed by euthanasia and collection of blood and tibiae. 28893629 3 29 theme male 653:656 arg1 OLETF 658:662 male OLETF and LETO rats 653:676 OLETF 658:662 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 1 30 from sucrose 340:346 arg1 high 327:330 high 327:330 high 327:330 BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) increase fracture risk; however, the association between obesity/T2D may be confounded by consumption of a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol (HFSC). 28893629 8 31 theme Hyperphagic 1522:1532 arg1 rats 1540:1543 Hyperphagic OLEFT rats 1522:1543 Hyperphagic OLEFT rats 1522:1543 RESULTS Hyperphagic OLEFT rats had greater final body mass, body fat, and fasting glucose than normophagic LETO, with no effect of diet. 28893629 2 32 theme study 387:391 arg1 objective 393:401 The study objective 383:401 The study objective 383:401 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 3 33 from 8weeks 638:643 arg1 METHODS 627:633 METHODS 627:633 METHODS At 8weeks of age 627:650 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 2 34 theme Otsuka 603:608 arg1 controls 617:624 normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls 570:624 normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls 570:624 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 1 35 from fat 335:337 arg1 high 327:330 high 327:330 high 327:330 BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) increase fracture risk; however, the association between obesity/T2D may be confounded by consumption of a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol (HFSC). 28893629 2 36 theme main 424:427 arg1 effects 445:451 the main and interactive effects 420:451 the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls 420:624 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 2 37 theme Fatty 547:551 arg1 rats 561:564 hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats 507:564 hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats 507:564 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 1 38 from high 327:330 arg1 cholesterol 353:363 cholesterol 353:363 cholesterol (HFSC) 353:370 BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) increase fracture risk; however, the association between obesity/T2D may be confounded by consumption of a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol (HFSC). 28893629 1 38 from high 327:330 arg1 fat 335:337 fat 335:337 fat 335:337 BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) increase fracture risk; however, the association between obesity/T2D may be confounded by consumption of a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol (HFSC). 28893629 1 38 from high 327:330 arg1 HFSC 366:369 HFSC 366:369 HFSC 366:369 BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) increase fracture risk; however, the association between obesity/T2D may be confounded by consumption of a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol (HFSC). 28893629 1 38 from high 327:330 arg1 sucrose 340:346 sucrose 340:346 sucrose 340:346 BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) increase fracture risk; however, the association between obesity/T2D may be confounded by consumption of a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol (HFSC). 28893629 9 39 theme body 1657:1660 arg1 BMC 1662:1664 Total body BMC 1651:1664 Total body BMC 1651:1664 Total body BMC and serum markers of bone formation were decreased, and bone resorption and sclerostin were increased in obese/T2D OLETF rats. 28893629 3 40 theme 1wt 818:820 arg1 % 821:821 1wt% 818:821 1wt% 818:821 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 3 41 dep control 706:712 arg1 % 725:725 10 en% 720:725 10 en% from fat as soybean oil 720:749 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 3 41 dep control 706:712 arg1 diet 824:827 diet 824:827 diet 824:827 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 3 41 dep control 706:712 arg1 CON 715:717 CON 715:717 CON 715:717 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 7 42 theme main 1411:1414 arg1 effects 1432:1438 main and interactive effects 1411:1438 main and interactive effects of diet (CON vs. HFSC) and obesity/T2D (OLETF vs. LETO) on bone outcomes 1411:1511 Two-factor ANOVA was used to determine main and interactive effects of diet (CON vs. HFSC) and obesity/T2D (OLETF vs. LETO) on bone outcomes. 28893629 6 43 theme biomechanical 1294:1306 arg1 properties 1308:1317 whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties 1266:1317 whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties 1266:1317 Trabecular microarchitecture of the proximal tibia and geometry of the tibia mid-diaphysis were measured using microcomputed tomography; whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties were evaluated using torsional loading of the tibia. 28893629 2 44 theme Evans 531:535 arg1 rats 561:564 hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats 507:564 hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats 507:564 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 8 45 theme body 1563:1566 arg1 mass 1568:1571 greater final body mass 1549:1571 greater final body mass 1549:1571 RESULTS Hyperphagic OLEFT rats had greater final body mass, body fat, and fasting glucose than normophagic LETO, with no effect of diet. 28893629 9 46 theme bone 1722:1725 arg1 resorption 1727:1736 bone resorption 1722:1736 bone resorption 1722:1736 Total body BMC and serum markers of bone formation were decreased, and bone resorption and sclerostin were increased in obese/T2D OLETF rats. 28893629 6 47 theme proximal 1165:1172 arg1 tibia 1174:1178 the proximal tibia 1161:1178 the proximal tibia 1161:1178 Trabecular microarchitecture of the proximal tibia and geometry of the tibia mid-diaphysis were measured using microcomputed tomography; whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties were evaluated using torsional loading of the tibia. 28893629 12 48 from balance 2128:2134 arg1 rats 2232:2235 OLETF rats 2226:2235 OLETF rats 2226:2235 CONCLUSIONS Obesity/T2D, regardless of diet, negatively impacted the balance between bone formation and resorption and trabecular bone volume and microarchitecture in OLETF rats. 28893629 7 49 theme interactive 1420:1430 arg1 effects 1432:1438 main and interactive effects 1411:1438 main and interactive effects of diet (CON vs. HFSC) and obesity/T2D (OLETF vs. LETO) on bone outcomes 1411:1511 Two-factor ANOVA was used to determine main and interactive effects of diet (CON vs. HFSC) and obesity/T2D (OLETF vs. LETO) on bone outcomes. 28893629 12 50 theme bone 2144:2147 arg1 formation 2149:2157 bone formation 2144:2157 bone formation 2144:2157 CONCLUSIONS Obesity/T2D, regardless of diet, negatively impacted the balance between bone formation and resorption and trabecular bone volume and microarchitecture in OLETF rats. 28893629 2 51 theme OLETF 554:558 arg1 rats 561:564 hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats 507:564 hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats 507:564 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 0 52 theme type 12:15 arg1 diabetes 19:26 type 2 diabetes 12:26 type 2 diabetes 12:26 Obesity and type 2 diabetes, not a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol, negatively impacts bone outcomes in the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat. 28893629 1 53 theme fracture 224:231 arg1 risk 233:236 fracture risk 224:236 fracture risk 224:236 BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) increase fracture risk; however, the association between obesity/T2D may be confounded by consumption of a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol (HFSC). 28893629 3 54 theme soybean 739:745 arg1 oil 747:749 soybean oil 739:749 soybean oil 739:749 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 6 55 theme Trabecular 1129:1138 arg1 microarchitecture 1140:1156 Trabecular microarchitecture 1129:1156 Trabecular microarchitecture of the proximal tibia 1129:1178 Trabecular microarchitecture of the proximal tibia and geometry of the tibia mid-diaphysis were measured using microcomputed tomography; whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties were evaluated using torsional loading of the tibia. 28893629 9 56 theme formation 1692:1700 arg1 BMC 1662:1664 Total body BMC 1651:1664 Total body BMC 1651:1664 Total body BMC and serum markers of bone formation were decreased, and bone resorption and sclerostin were increased in obese/T2D OLETF rats. 28893629 9 56 theme formation 1692:1700 arg1 markers 1676:1682 serum markers 1670:1682 serum markers of bone formation 1670:1700 Total body BMC and serum markers of bone formation were decreased, and bone resorption and sclerostin were increased in obese/T2D OLETF rats. 28893629 3 57 theme treatment 848:856 arg1 groups 858:863 four treatment groups 843:863 four treatment groups 843:863 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 8 58 theme fasting 1588:1594 arg1 glucose 1596:1602 fasting glucose 1588:1602 fasting glucose 1588:1602 RESULTS Hyperphagic OLEFT rats had greater final body mass, body fat, and fasting glucose than normophagic LETO, with no effect of diet. 28893629 9 59 theme OLETF 1781:1785 arg1 rats 1787:1790 obese/T2D OLETF rats 1771:1790 obese/T2D OLETF rats 1771:1790 Total body BMC and serum markers of bone formation were decreased, and bone resorption and sclerostin were increased in obese/T2D OLETF rats. 28893629 1 60 theme BACKGROUND 170:179 arg1 Obesity 181:187 BACKGROUND Obesity 170:187 BACKGROUND Obesity 170:187 BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) increase fracture risk; however, the association between obesity/T2D may be confounded by consumption of a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol (HFSC). 28893629 3 61 theme fat 773:775 arg1 oil/lard 788:795 fat as soybean oil/lard 773:795 fat as soybean oil/lard 773:795 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 10 62 theme bone 1804:1807 arg1 volume 1809:1814 Trabecular bone volume 1793:1814 Trabecular bone volume 1793:1814 Trabecular bone volume and microarchitecture were adversely affected by obesity/T2D, but not diet. 28893629 4 63 theme dual-energy 972:982 arg1 absorptiometry 990:1003 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 972:1003 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 972:1003 At 32weeks, total body bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) and body composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, followed by euthanasia and collection of blood and tibiae. 28893629 5 64 theme turnover 1070:1077 arg1 markers 1079:1085 Bone turnover markers 1065:1085 Bone turnover markers 1065:1085 Bone turnover markers and sclerostin were measured using ELISA. 28893629 6 65 theme tibia 1200:1204 arg1 mid-diaphysis 1206:1218 the tibia mid-diaphysis 1196:1218 the tibia mid-diaphysis 1196:1218 Trabecular microarchitecture of the proximal tibia and geometry of the tibia mid-diaphysis were measured using microcomputed tomography; whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties were evaluated using torsional loading of the tibia. 28893629 3 66 from oil/lard 788:795 arg1 % 821:821 1wt% 818:821 1wt% 818:821 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 3 66 from oil/lard 788:795 arg1 sucrose 805:811 17 en% sucrose 798:811 17 en% sucrose 798:811 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 3 66 from oil/lard 788:795 arg1 % 766:766 45 en% 761:766 45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard 761:795 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 2 67 from effects 445:451 arg1 outcomes 492:499 bone outcomes 487:499 bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls 487:624 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 4 68 theme blood 1047:1051 arg1 collection 1033:1042 collection 1033:1042 collection 1033:1042 At 32weeks, total body bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) and body composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, followed by euthanasia and collection of blood and tibiae. 28893629 4 68 theme blood 1047:1051 arg1 euthanasia 1018:1027 euthanasia 1018:1027 euthanasia 1018:1027 At 32weeks, total body bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) and body composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, followed by euthanasia and collection of blood and tibiae. 28893629 0 69 theme Otsuka 131:136 arg1 rat 165:167 the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat 115:167 the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat 115:167 Obesity and type 2 diabetes, not a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol, negatively impacts bone outcomes in the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat. 28893629 8 70 contain had 1545:1547 arg2 glucose 1596:1602 fasting glucose 1588:1602 fasting glucose 1588:1602 RESULTS Hyperphagic OLEFT rats had greater final body mass, body fat, and fasting glucose than normophagic LETO, with no effect of diet. 28893629 8 70 contain had 1545:1547 arg2 mass 1568:1571 greater final body mass 1549:1571 greater final body mass 1549:1571 RESULTS Hyperphagic OLEFT rats had greater final body mass, body fat, and fasting glucose than normophagic LETO, with no effect of diet. 28893629 8 70 contain had 1545:1547 arg1 rats 1540:1543 Hyperphagic OLEFT rats 1522:1543 Hyperphagic OLEFT rats 1522:1543 RESULTS Hyperphagic OLEFT rats had greater final body mass, body fat, and fasting glucose than normophagic LETO, with no effect of diet. 28893629 8 70 contain had 1545:1547 arg2 fat 1579:1581 body fat 1574:1581 body fat 1574:1581 RESULTS Hyperphagic OLEFT rats had greater final body mass, body fat, and fasting glucose than normophagic LETO, with no effect of diet. 28893629 2 71 theme bone 487:490 arg1 outcomes 492:499 bone outcomes 487:499 bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls 487:624 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 12 72 theme CONCLUSIONS 2059:2069 arg1 Obesity/T2D 2071:2081 CONCLUSIONS Obesity/T2D 2059:2081 CONCLUSIONS Obesity/T2D 2059:2081 CONCLUSIONS Obesity/T2D, regardless of diet, negatively impacted the balance between bone formation and resorption and trabecular bone volume and microarchitecture in OLETF rats. 28893629 4 73 theme tibiae 1057:1062 arg1 collection 1033:1042 collection 1033:1042 collection 1033:1042 At 32weeks, total body bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) and body composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, followed by euthanasia and collection of blood and tibiae. 28893629 4 73 theme tibiae 1057:1062 arg1 euthanasia 1018:1027 euthanasia 1018:1027 euthanasia 1018:1027 At 32weeks, total body bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) and body composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, followed by euthanasia and collection of blood and tibiae. 28893629 0 74 theme Evans 143:147 arg1 rat 165:167 the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat 115:167 the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat 115:167 Obesity and type 2 diabetes, not a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol, negatively impacts bone outcomes in the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat. 28893629 4 75 theme mineral 894:900 arg1 BMC 911:913 BMC 911:913 BMC 911:913 At 32weeks, total body bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) and body composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, followed by euthanasia and collection of blood and tibiae. 28893629 4 75 theme mineral 894:900 arg1 content 902:908 total body bone mineral content 878:908 total body bone mineral content (BMC) 878:914 At 32weeks, total body bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) and body composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, followed by euthanasia and collection of blood and tibiae. 28893629 2 76 theme diet 479:482 arg1 effects 445:451 the main and interactive effects 420:451 the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls 420:624 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 3 77 theme soybean 780:786 arg1 oil/lard 788:795 fat as soybean oil/lard 773:795 fat as soybean oil/lard 773:795 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 0 78 theme Fatty 159:163 arg1 rat 165:167 the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat 115:167 the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat 115:167 Obesity and type 2 diabetes, not a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol, negatively impacts bone outcomes in the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat. 28893629 6 79 theme tissue-level 1281:1292 arg1 properties 1308:1317 whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties 1266:1317 whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties 1266:1317 Trabecular microarchitecture of the proximal tibia and geometry of the tibia mid-diaphysis were measured using microcomputed tomography; whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties were evaluated using torsional loading of the tibia. 28893629 2 80 theme Otuska 519:524 arg1 rats 561:564 hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats 507:564 hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats 507:564 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 4 81 theme total 878:882 arg1 BMC 911:913 BMC 911:913 BMC 911:913 At 32weeks, total body bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) and body composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, followed by euthanasia and collection of blood and tibiae. 28893629 4 81 theme total 878:882 arg1 content 902:908 total body bone mineral content 878:908 total body bone mineral content (BMC) 878:914 At 32weeks, total body bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) and body composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, followed by euthanasia and collection of blood and tibiae. 28893629 8 82 theme normophagic 1609:1619 arg1 LETO 1621:1624 normophagic LETO 1609:1624 normophagic LETO 1609:1624 RESULTS Hyperphagic OLEFT rats had greater final body mass, body fat, and fasting glucose than normophagic LETO, with no effect of diet. 28893629 6 83 theme whole-bone 1266:1275 arg1 properties 1308:1317 whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties 1266:1317 whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties 1266:1317 Trabecular microarchitecture of the proximal tibia and geometry of the tibia mid-diaphysis were measured using microcomputed tomography; whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties were evaluated using torsional loading of the tibia. 28893629 3 84 theme en 801:802 arg1 % 803:803 % 803:803 % 803:803 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 11 85 theme HFSC 1996:1999 arg1 diet 2001:2004 the HFSC diet 1992:2004 the HFSC diet 1992:2004 Whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties of the tibia were not affected by obesity/T2D; the HFSC diet improved biomechanical properties only in LETO rats. 28893629 7 86 dep obesity/T2D 1467:1477 arg1 LETO 1490:1493 LETO 1490:1493 LETO 1490:1493 Two-factor ANOVA was used to determine main and interactive effects of diet (CON vs. HFSC) and obesity/T2D (OLETF vs. LETO) on bone outcomes. 28893629 7 86 dep obesity/T2D 1467:1477 arg1 OLETF 1480:1484 OLETF 1480:1484 OLETF 1480:1484 Two-factor ANOVA was used to determine main and interactive effects of diet (CON vs. HFSC) and obesity/T2D (OLETF vs. LETO) on bone outcomes. 28893629 7 87 used used 1393:1396 arg2 ANOVA 1383:1387 Two-factor ANOVA 1372:1387 Two-factor ANOVA 1372:1387 Two-factor ANOVA was used to determine main and interactive effects of diet (CON vs. HFSC) and obesity/T2D (OLETF vs. LETO) on bone outcomes. 28893629 12 88 theme trabecular 2178:2187 arg1 volume 2194:2199 trabecular bone volume 2178:2199 trabecular bone volume 2178:2199 CONCLUSIONS Obesity/T2D, regardless of diet, negatively impacted the balance between bone formation and resorption and trabecular bone volume and microarchitecture in OLETF rats. 28893629 7 89 theme Two-factor 1372:1381 arg1 ANOVA 1383:1387 Two-factor ANOVA 1372:1387 Two-factor ANOVA 1372:1387 Two-factor ANOVA was used to determine main and interactive effects of diet (CON vs. HFSC) and obesity/T2D (OLETF vs. LETO) on bone outcomes. 28893629 0 90 from high 40:43 arg1 sucrose 53:59 sucrose 53:59 sucrose 53:59 Obesity and type 2 diabetes, not a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol, negatively impacts bone outcomes in the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat. 28893629 0 90 from high 40:43 arg1 cholesterol 66:76 cholesterol 66:76 cholesterol 66:76 Obesity and type 2 diabetes, not a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol, negatively impacts bone outcomes in the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat. 28893629 0 90 from high 40:43 arg1 fat 48:50 fat 48:50 fat 48:50 Obesity and type 2 diabetes, not a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol, negatively impacts bone outcomes in the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat. 28893629 2 91 theme Tokushima 593:601 arg1 LETO 611:614 LETO 611:614 LETO 611:614 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 2 91 theme Tokushima 593:601 arg1 Otsuka 603:608 Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka 582:608 normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls 570:624 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 11 92 theme tibia 1952:1956 arg1 properties 1934:1943 Whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties 1892:1943 Whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties of the tibia 1892:1956 Whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties of the tibia were not affected by obesity/T2D; the HFSC diet improved biomechanical properties only in LETO rats. 28893629 1 93 theme high 327:330 arg1 diet 322:325 a diet 320:325 a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol (HFSC) 320:370 BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) increase fracture risk; however, the association between obesity/T2D may be confounded by consumption of a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol (HFSC). 28893629 7 94 from effects 1432:1438 arg1 outcomes 1504:1511 bone outcomes 1499:1511 bone outcomes 1499:1511 Two-factor ANOVA was used to determine main and interactive effects of diet (CON vs. HFSC) and obesity/T2D (OLETF vs. LETO) on bone outcomes. 28893629 2 95 theme Long 582:585 arg1 LETO 611:614 LETO 611:614 LETO 611:614 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 2 95 theme Long 582:585 arg1 Otsuka 603:608 Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka 582:608 normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls 570:624 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 6 96 theme torsional 1340:1348 arg1 loading 1350:1356 torsional loading 1340:1356 torsional loading of the tibia 1340:1369 Trabecular microarchitecture of the proximal tibia and geometry of the tibia mid-diaphysis were measured using microcomputed tomography; whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties were evaluated using torsional loading of the tibia. 28893629 2 97 theme obesity/T2D 456:466 arg1 effects 445:451 the main and interactive effects 420:451 the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls 420:624 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 0 98 from sucrose 53:59 arg1 high 40:43 high 40:43 high 40:43 Obesity and type 2 diabetes, not a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol, negatively impacts bone outcomes in the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat. 28893629 4 99 theme bone 889:892 arg1 BMC 911:913 BMC 911:913 BMC 911:913 At 32weeks, total body bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) and body composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, followed by euthanasia and collection of blood and tibiae. 28893629 4 99 theme bone 889:892 arg1 content 902:908 total body bone mineral content 878:908 total body bone mineral content (BMC) 878:914 At 32weeks, total body bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) and body composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, followed by euthanasia and collection of blood and tibiae. 28893629 3 100 theme LETO 668:671 arg1 rats 673:676 male OLETF and LETO rats 653:676 rats 673:676 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 0 101 theme high 40:43 arg1 diet 35:38 a diet 33:38 a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol 33:76 Obesity and type 2 diabetes, not a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol, negatively impacts bone outcomes in the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat. 28893629 0 101 theme high 40:43 arg1 Obesity 0:6 Obesity 0:6 Obesity 0:6 Obesity and type 2 diabetes, not a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol, negatively impacts bone outcomes in the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat. 28893629 3 102 theme en 723:724 arg1 % 725:725 10 en% 720:725 10 en% from fat as soybean oil 720:749 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 3 102 theme en 723:724 arg1 CON 715:717 CON 715:717 CON 715:717 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 11 103 theme tissue-level 1907:1918 arg1 properties 1934:1943 Whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties 1892:1943 Whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties of the tibia 1892:1956 Whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties of the tibia were not affected by obesity/T2D; the HFSC diet improved biomechanical properties only in LETO rats. 28893629 4 104 theme body 938:941 arg1 composition 943:953 body composition 938:953 body composition 938:953 At 32weeks, total body bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) and body composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, followed by euthanasia and collection of blood and tibiae. 28893629 0 105 from fat 48:50 arg1 high 40:43 high 40:43 high 40:43 Obesity and type 2 diabetes, not a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol, negatively impacts bone outcomes in the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat. 28893629 2 106 dep OBJECTIVE 373:381 arg1 was 403:405 was 403:405 was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls 403:624 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 8 107 theme OLEFT 1534:1538 arg1 rats 1540:1543 Hyperphagic OLEFT rats 1522:1543 Hyperphagic OLEFT rats 1522:1543 RESULTS Hyperphagic OLEFT rats had greater final body mass, body fat, and fasting glucose than normophagic LETO, with no effect of diet. 28893629 2 108 theme Tokushima 537:545 arg1 rats 561:564 hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats 507:564 hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats 507:564 OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the main and interactive effects of obesity/T2D and a HFSC diet on bone outcomes using hyperphagic Otuska Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and normophagic Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. 28893629 12 109 from microarchitecture 2205:2221 arg1 rats 2232:2235 OLETF rats 2226:2235 OLETF rats 2226:2235 CONCLUSIONS Obesity/T2D, regardless of diet, negatively impacted the balance between bone formation and resorption and trabecular bone volume and microarchitecture in OLETF rats. 28893629 6 110 theme tibia 1174:1178 arg1 microarchitecture 1140:1156 Trabecular microarchitecture 1129:1156 Trabecular microarchitecture of the proximal tibia 1129:1178 Trabecular microarchitecture of the proximal tibia and geometry of the tibia mid-diaphysis were measured using microcomputed tomography; whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties were evaluated using torsional loading of the tibia. 28893629 6 110 theme tibia 1174:1178 arg1 geometry 1184:1191 geometry 1184:1191 geometry of the tibia mid-diaphysis 1184:1218 Trabecular microarchitecture of the proximal tibia and geometry of the tibia mid-diaphysis were measured using microcomputed tomography; whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties were evaluated using torsional loading of the tibia. 28893629 8 111 theme final 1557:1561 arg1 mass 1568:1571 greater final body mass 1549:1571 greater final body mass 1549:1571 RESULTS Hyperphagic OLEFT rats had greater final body mass, body fat, and fasting glucose than normophagic LETO, with no effect of diet. 28893629 12 112 from volume 2194:2199 arg1 rats 2232:2235 OLETF rats 2226:2235 OLETF rats 2226:2235 CONCLUSIONS Obesity/T2D, regardless of diet, negatively impacted the balance between bone formation and resorption and trabecular bone volume and microarchitecture in OLETF rats. 28893629 7 113 theme diet 1443:1446 arg1 effects 1432:1438 main and interactive effects 1411:1438 main and interactive effects of diet (CON vs. HFSC) and obesity/T2D (OLETF vs. LETO) on bone outcomes 1411:1511 Two-factor ANOVA was used to determine main and interactive effects of diet (CON vs. HFSC) and obesity/T2D (OLETF vs. LETO) on bone outcomes. 28893629 6 114 theme tibia 1365:1369 arg1 loading 1350:1356 torsional loading 1340:1356 torsional loading of the tibia 1340:1369 Trabecular microarchitecture of the proximal tibia and geometry of the tibia mid-diaphysis were measured using microcomputed tomography; whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties were evaluated using torsional loading of the tibia. 28893629 7 115 dep diet 1443:1446 arg1 HFSC 1457:1460 HFSC 1457:1460 HFSC 1457:1460 Two-factor ANOVA was used to determine main and interactive effects of diet (CON vs. HFSC) and obesity/T2D (OLETF vs. LETO) on bone outcomes. 28893629 7 115 dep diet 1443:1446 arg1 CON 1449:1451 CON 1449:1451 CON 1449:1451 Two-factor ANOVA was used to determine main and interactive effects of diet (CON vs. HFSC) and obesity/T2D (OLETF vs. LETO) on bone outcomes. 28893629 11 116 theme Whole-bone 1892:1901 arg1 properties 1934:1943 Whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties 1892:1943 Whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties of the tibia 1892:1956 Whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties of the tibia were not affected by obesity/T2D; the HFSC diet improved biomechanical properties only in LETO rats. 28893629 3 117 theme en 764:765 arg1 % 766:766 45 en% 761:766 45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard 761:795 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 9 118 theme obese/T2D 1771:1779 arg1 rats 1787:1790 obese/T2D OLETF rats 1771:1790 obese/T2D OLETF rats 1771:1790 Total body BMC and serum markers of bone formation were decreased, and bone resorption and sclerostin were increased in obese/T2D OLETF rats. 28893629 8 119 dep RESULTS 1514:1520 arg1 had 1545:1547 had 1545:1547 had 1545:1547 RESULTS Hyperphagic OLEFT rats had greater final body mass, body fat, and fasting glucose than normophagic LETO, with no effect of diet. 28893629 8 120 theme greater 1549:1555 arg1 mass 1568:1571 greater final body mass 1549:1571 greater final body mass 1549:1571 RESULTS Hyperphagic OLEFT rats had greater final body mass, body fat, and fasting glucose than normophagic LETO, with no effect of diet. 28893629 4 121 theme X-ray 984:988 arg1 absorptiometry 990:1003 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 972:1003 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 972:1003 At 32weeks, total body bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) and body composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, followed by euthanasia and collection of blood and tibiae. 28893629 9 122 theme Total 1651:1655 arg1 BMC 1662:1664 Total body BMC 1651:1664 Total body BMC 1651:1664 Total body BMC and serum markers of bone formation were decreased, and bone resorption and sclerostin were increased in obese/T2D OLETF rats. 28893629 5 123 theme Bone 1065:1068 arg1 markers 1079:1085 Bone turnover markers 1065:1085 Bone turnover markers 1065:1085 Bone turnover markers and sclerostin were measured using ELISA. 28893629 6 124 theme mid-diaphysis 1206:1218 arg1 microarchitecture 1140:1156 Trabecular microarchitecture 1129:1156 Trabecular microarchitecture of the proximal tibia 1129:1178 Trabecular microarchitecture of the proximal tibia and geometry of the tibia mid-diaphysis were measured using microcomputed tomography; whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties were evaluated using torsional loading of the tibia. 28893629 6 124 theme mid-diaphysis 1206:1218 arg1 geometry 1184:1191 geometry 1184:1191 geometry of the tibia mid-diaphysis 1184:1218 Trabecular microarchitecture of the proximal tibia and geometry of the tibia mid-diaphysis were measured using microcomputed tomography; whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties were evaluated using torsional loading of the tibia. 28893629 3 125 theme as 777:778 arg1 oil/lard 788:795 fat as soybean oil/lard 773:795 fat as soybean oil/lard 773:795 METHODS At 8weeks of age, male OLETF and LETO rats were randomized to either a control (CON, 10 en% from fat as soybean oil) or HFSC (45 en% from fat as soybean oil/lard, 17 en% sucrose, and 1wt%) diet, resulting in four treatment groups. 28893629 1 126 from cholesterol 353:363 arg1 high 327:330 high 327:330 high 327:330 BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) increase fracture risk; however, the association between obesity/T2D may be confounded by consumption of a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol (HFSC). 28893629 11 127 theme biomechanical 2015:2027 arg1 properties 2029:2038 biomechanical properties 2015:2038 biomechanical properties 2015:2038 Whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties of the tibia were not affected by obesity/T2D; the HFSC diet improved biomechanical properties only in LETO rats. 28893629 0 128 from cholesterol 66:76 arg1 high 40:43 high 40:43 high 40:43 Obesity and type 2 diabetes, not a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol, negatively impacts bone outcomes in the hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat. 28893629 1 129 theme type 193:196 arg1 diabetes 200:207 type 2 diabetes 193:207 type 2 diabetes (T2D) 193:213 BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) increase fracture risk; however, the association between obesity/T2D may be confounded by consumption of a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol (HFSC). 28893629 1 129 theme type 193:196 arg1 T2D 210:212 T2D 210:212 T2D 210:212 BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) increase fracture risk; however, the association between obesity/T2D may be confounded by consumption of a diet high in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol (HFSC). 27848951 0 0 theme disease-like 70:81 arg1 ileitis 83:89 murine Crohn's disease-like ileitis 55:89 murine Crohn's disease-like ileitis independent of functional dysbiosis 55:125 Genetic deletion of the bacterial sensor NOD2 improves murine Crohn's disease-like ileitis independent of functional dysbiosis. 27848951 4 1 theme mucosa 756:761 arg1 % 742:742 the % 738:742 the % of abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age 738:778 Remarkably, Nod2 deletion improved both chronic cobblestone ileitis (by 50% assessed, as the % of abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age), as well as acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis. 27848951 4 1 theme mucosa 756:761 arg1 mucosa 756:761 abnormal mucosa 747:761 abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age 747:778 Remarkably, Nod2 deletion improved both chronic cobblestone ileitis (by 50% assessed, as the % of abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age), as well as acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis. 27848951 1 2 theme wild-type 330:338 arg1 NOD2 345:348 wild-type (WT) NOD2 330:348 wild-type (WT) NOD2 330:348 Although genetic polymorphisms in NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2) have been associated with the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), little is known regarding the role of wild-type (WT) NOD2 in the gut. 27848951 4 3 theme abnormal 747:754 arg1 mucosa 756:761 abnormal mucosa 747:761 abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age 747:778 Remarkably, Nod2 deletion improved both chronic cobblestone ileitis (by 50% assessed, as the % of abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age), as well as acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis. 27848951 0 4 theme independent 91:101 arg1 ileitis 83:89 murine Crohn's disease-like ileitis 55:89 murine Crohn's disease-like ileitis independent of functional dysbiosis 55:125 Genetic deletion of the bacterial sensor NOD2 improves murine Crohn's disease-like ileitis independent of functional dysbiosis. 27848951 7 5 theme intestinal 1246:1255 arg1 inflammation 1257:1268 Th2-driven chronic intestinal inflammation 1227:1268 Th2-driven chronic intestinal inflammation 1227:1268 Our findings indicate that pharmacological blockade of NOD2 signaling in humans could improve health in Th2-driven chronic intestinal inflammation. 27848951 6 6 theme composition 1051:1061 arg1 independent 1019:1029 independent 1019:1029 independent 1019:1029 Microbiologically, the effects of Nod2 deletion appeared independent of fecal microbiota composition and function, assessed by 16S rRNA and metatranscriptomics. 27848951 1 7 theme disease 278:284 arg1 pathogenesis 254:265 the pathogenesis 250:265 the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) 250:289 Although genetic polymorphisms in NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2) have been associated with the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), little is known regarding the role of wild-type (WT) NOD2 in the gut. 27848951 4 8 theme acute 793:797 arg1 DSS 823:825 acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) 793:826 acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) 793:826 Remarkably, Nod2 deletion improved both chronic cobblestone ileitis (by 50% assessed, as the % of abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age), as well as acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis. 27848951 3 9 theme SAMP 607:610 arg1 strain 613:618 the SAMP1Yit/Fc (SAMP) strain 590:618 the SAMP1Yit/Fc (SAMP) strain 590:618 Here, we evaluated the effects of Nod2 deletion in a murine model of spontaneous ileitis, i.e., the SAMP1Yit/Fc (SAMP) strain, which closely resembles CD. 27848951 1 10 from polymorphisms 145:157 arg1 NOD2 162:165 NOD2 162:165 NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2) 162:222 Although genetic polymorphisms in NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2) have been associated with the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), little is known regarding the role of wild-type (WT) NOD2 in the gut. 27848951 1 10 from polymorphisms 145:157 arg1 oligomerization 187:201 nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2 168:221 nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2 168:221 Although genetic polymorphisms in NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2) have been associated with the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), little is known regarding the role of wild-type (WT) NOD2 in the gut. 27848951 6 11 theme microbiota 1040:1049 arg1 composition 1051:1061 fecal microbiota composition 1034:1061 fecal microbiota composition 1034:1061 Microbiologically, the effects of Nod2 deletion appeared independent of fecal microbiota composition and function, assessed by 16S rRNA and metatranscriptomics. 27848951 1 12 from role 322:325 arg1 gut 357:359 the gut 353:359 the gut 353:359 Although genetic polymorphisms in NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2) have been associated with the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), little is known regarding the role of wild-type (WT) NOD2 in the gut. 27848951 4 13 from % 742:742 arg1 wks 769:771 24 wks 766:771 24 wks of age 766:778 Remarkably, Nod2 deletion improved both chronic cobblestone ileitis (by 50% assessed, as the % of abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age), as well as acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis. 27848951 4 14 theme chronic 689:695 arg1 ileitis 709:715 both chronic cobblestone ileitis 684:715 both chronic cobblestone ileitis (by 50% assessed, as the % of abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age) 684:779 Remarkably, Nod2 deletion improved both chronic cobblestone ileitis (by 50% assessed, as the % of abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age), as well as acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis. 27848951 4 15 dep ileitis 709:715 arg1 colitis 828:834 colitis 828:834 colitis 828:834 Remarkably, Nod2 deletion improved both chronic cobblestone ileitis (by 50% assessed, as the % of abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age), as well as acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis. 27848951 1 16 theme nucleotide-binding 168:185 arg1 NOD2 162:165 NOD2 162:165 NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2) 162:222 Although genetic polymorphisms in NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2) have been associated with the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), little is known regarding the role of wild-type (WT) NOD2 in the gut. 27848951 1 16 theme nucleotide-binding 168:185 arg1 oligomerization 187:201 nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2 168:221 nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2 168:221 Although genetic polymorphisms in NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2) have been associated with the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), little is known regarding the role of wild-type (WT) NOD2 in the gut. 27848951 4 17 theme sodium 807:812 arg1 DSS 823:825 acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) 793:826 acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) 793:826 Remarkably, Nod2 deletion improved both chronic cobblestone ileitis (by 50% assessed, as the % of abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age), as well as acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis. 27848951 1 18 theme NOD2 345:348 arg1 role 322:325 the role 318:325 the role of wild-type (WT) NOD2 in the gut 318:359 Although genetic polymorphisms in NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2) have been associated with the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), little is known regarding the role of wild-type (WT) NOD2 in the gut. 27848951 0 19 theme functional 106:115 arg1 dysbiosis 117:125 functional dysbiosis 106:125 functional dysbiosis 106:125 Genetic deletion of the bacterial sensor NOD2 improves murine Crohn's disease-like ileitis independent of functional dysbiosis. 27848951 4 20 theme dextran 799:805 arg1 DSS 823:825 acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) 793:826 acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) 793:826 Remarkably, Nod2 deletion improved both chronic cobblestone ileitis (by 50% assessed, as the % of abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age), as well as acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis. 27848951 1 21 theme domain-containing 203:219 arg1 NOD2 162:165 NOD2 162:165 NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2) 162:222 Although genetic polymorphisms in NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2) have been associated with the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), little is known regarding the role of wild-type (WT) NOD2 in the gut. 27848951 1 21 theme domain-containing 203:219 arg1 oligomerization 187:201 nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2 168:221 nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2 168:221 Although genetic polymorphisms in NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2) have been associated with the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), little is known regarding the role of wild-type (WT) NOD2 in the gut. 27848951 0 22 theme Genetic 0:6 arg1 deletion 8:15 Genetic deletion 0:15 Genetic deletion of the bacterial sensor NOD2 0:44 Genetic deletion of the bacterial sensor NOD2 improves murine Crohn's disease-like ileitis independent of functional dysbiosis. 27848951 1 23 dep wild-type 330:338 arg1 WT 341:342 WT 341:342 WT 341:342 Although genetic polymorphisms in NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2) have been associated with the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), little is known regarding the role of wild-type (WT) NOD2 in the gut. 27848951 3 24 theme SAMP1Yit/Fc 594:604 arg1 strain 613:618 the SAMP1Yit/Fc (SAMP) strain 590:618 the SAMP1Yit/Fc (SAMP) strain 590:618 Here, we evaluated the effects of Nod2 deletion in a murine model of spontaneous ileitis, i.e., the SAMP1Yit/Fc (SAMP) strain, which closely resembles CD. 27848951 6 25 dep appeared 1010:1017 arg1 assessed 1077:1084 assessed 1077:1084 assessed by 16S rRNA and metatranscriptomics 1077:1120 Microbiologically, the effects of Nod2 deletion appeared independent of fecal microbiota composition and function, assessed by 16S rRNA and metatranscriptomics. 27848951 5 26 theme Th2-transcription 882:898 arg1 phosphorylation 931:945 STAT6 phosphorylation 925:945 STAT6 phosphorylation 925:945 Mechanistically, Th2 cytokine production and Th2-transcription factor activation (i.e., STAT6 phosphorylation) were reduced. 27848951 5 26 theme Th2-transcription 882:898 arg1 activation 907:916 Th2-transcription factor activation 882:916 Th2-transcription factor activation (i.e., STAT6 phosphorylation) 882:946 Mechanistically, Th2 cytokine production and Th2-transcription factor activation (i.e., STAT6 phosphorylation) were reduced. 27848951 4 27 theme Nod2 661:664 arg1 deletion 666:673 Nod2 deletion 661:673 Nod2 deletion 661:673 Remarkably, Nod2 deletion improved both chronic cobblestone ileitis (by 50% assessed, as the % of abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age), as well as acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis. 27848951 5 28 theme cytokine 858:865 arg1 production 867:876 Th2 cytokine production 854:876 Th2 cytokine production 854:876 Mechanistically, Th2 cytokine production and Th2-transcription factor activation (i.e., STAT6 phosphorylation) were reduced. 27848951 2 29 theme murine 376:381 arg1 studies 383:389 most murine studies 371:389 most murine studies addressing the role of WT Nod2 371:420 To date, most murine studies addressing the role of WT Nod2 have been conducted using healthy (ileitis/colitis-free) mouse strains. 27848951 5 30 theme factor 900:905 arg1 phosphorylation 931:945 STAT6 phosphorylation 925:945 STAT6 phosphorylation 925:945 Mechanistically, Th2 cytokine production and Th2-transcription factor activation (i.e., STAT6 phosphorylation) were reduced. 27848951 5 30 theme factor 900:905 arg1 activation 907:916 Th2-transcription factor activation 882:916 Th2-transcription factor activation (i.e., STAT6 phosphorylation) 882:946 Mechanistically, Th2 cytokine production and Th2-transcription factor activation (i.e., STAT6 phosphorylation) were reduced. 27848951 3 31 dep strain 613:618 arg1 i.e. 584:587 i.e. 584:587 i.e. 584:587 Here, we evaluated the effects of Nod2 deletion in a murine model of spontaneous ileitis, i.e., the SAMP1Yit/Fc (SAMP) strain, which closely resembles CD. 27848951 0 32 theme dysbiosis 117:125 arg1 independent 91:101 independent 91:101 independent 91:101 Genetic deletion of the bacterial sensor NOD2 improves murine Crohn's disease-like ileitis independent of functional dysbiosis. 27848951 6 33 theme Nod2 996:999 arg1 deletion 1001:1008 Nod2 deletion 996:1008 Nod2 deletion 996:1008 Microbiologically, the effects of Nod2 deletion appeared independent of fecal microbiota composition and function, assessed by 16S rRNA and metatranscriptomics. 27848951 0 34 theme sensor 34:39 arg1 NOD2 41:44 the bacterial sensor NOD2 20:44 the bacterial sensor NOD2 20:44 Genetic deletion of the bacterial sensor NOD2 improves murine Crohn's disease-like ileitis independent of functional dysbiosis. 27848951 5 35 theme STAT6 925:929 arg1 phosphorylation 931:945 STAT6 phosphorylation 925:945 STAT6 phosphorylation 925:945 Mechanistically, Th2 cytokine production and Th2-transcription factor activation (i.e., STAT6 phosphorylation) were reduced. 27848951 5 35 theme STAT6 925:929 arg1 activation 907:916 Th2-transcription factor activation 882:916 Th2-transcription factor activation (i.e., STAT6 phosphorylation) 882:946 Mechanistically, Th2 cytokine production and Th2-transcription factor activation (i.e., STAT6 phosphorylation) were reduced. 27848951 3 36 theme deletion 533:540 arg1 effects 517:523 the effects 513:523 the effects of Nod2 deletion in a murine model of spontaneous ileitis 513:581 Here, we evaluated the effects of Nod2 deletion in a murine model of spontaneous ileitis, i.e., the SAMP1Yit/Fc (SAMP) strain, which closely resembles CD. 27848951 2 37 theme Nod2 417:420 arg1 role 406:409 the role 402:409 the role of WT Nod2 402:420 To date, most murine studies addressing the role of WT Nod2 have been conducted using healthy (ileitis/colitis-free) mouse strains. 27848951 0 38 theme bacterial 24:32 arg1 NOD2 41:44 the bacterial sensor NOD2 20:44 the bacterial sensor NOD2 20:44 Genetic deletion of the bacterial sensor NOD2 improves murine Crohn's disease-like ileitis independent of functional dysbiosis. 27848951 3 39 theme spontaneous 563:573 arg1 ileitis 575:581 spontaneous ileitis 563:581 spontaneous ileitis 563:581 Here, we evaluated the effects of Nod2 deletion in a murine model of spontaneous ileitis, i.e., the SAMP1Yit/Fc (SAMP) strain, which closely resembles CD. 27848951 7 40 theme NOD2 1178:1181 arg1 signaling 1183:1191 NOD2 signaling 1178:1191 NOD2 signaling in humans 1178:1201 Our findings indicate that pharmacological blockade of NOD2 signaling in humans could improve health in Th2-driven chronic intestinal inflammation. 27848951 2 41 theme WT 414:415 arg1 Nod2 417:420 WT Nod2 414:420 WT Nod2 414:420 To date, most murine studies addressing the role of WT Nod2 have been conducted using healthy (ileitis/colitis-free) mouse strains. 27848951 2 42 theme mouse 479:483 arg1 strains 485:491 healthy (ileitis/colitis-free) mouse strains 448:491 healthy (ileitis/colitis-free) mouse strains 448:491 To date, most murine studies addressing the role of WT Nod2 have been conducted using healthy (ileitis/colitis-free) mouse strains. 27848951 3 43 theme ileitis 575:581 arg1 model 554:558 a murine model 545:558 a murine model of spontaneous ileitis 545:581 Here, we evaluated the effects of Nod2 deletion in a murine model of spontaneous ileitis, i.e., the SAMP1Yit/Fc (SAMP) strain, which closely resembles CD. 27848951 7 44 theme pharmacological 1150:1164 arg1 blockade 1166:1173 pharmacological blockade 1150:1173 pharmacological blockade of NOD2 signaling in humans 1150:1201 Our findings indicate that pharmacological blockade of NOD2 signaling in humans could improve health in Th2-driven chronic intestinal inflammation. 27848951 0 45 theme NOD2 41:44 arg1 deletion 8:15 Genetic deletion 0:15 Genetic deletion of the bacterial sensor NOD2 0:44 Genetic deletion of the bacterial sensor NOD2 improves murine Crohn's disease-like ileitis independent of functional dysbiosis. 27848951 2 46 theme ileitis/colitis-free 457:476 arg1 strains 485:491 healthy (ileitis/colitis-free) mouse strains 448:491 healthy (ileitis/colitis-free) mouse strains 448:491 To date, most murine studies addressing the role of WT Nod2 have been conducted using healthy (ileitis/colitis-free) mouse strains. 27848951 3 47 theme Nod2 528:531 arg1 deletion 533:540 Nod2 deletion 528:540 Nod2 deletion 528:540 Here, we evaluated the effects of Nod2 deletion in a murine model of spontaneous ileitis, i.e., the SAMP1Yit/Fc (SAMP) strain, which closely resembles CD. 27848951 7 48 from signaling 1183:1191 arg1 humans 1196:1201 humans 1196:1201 humans 1196:1201 Our findings indicate that pharmacological blockade of NOD2 signaling in humans could improve health in Th2-driven chronic intestinal inflammation. 27848951 7 49 from blockade 1166:1173 arg1 humans 1196:1201 humans 1196:1201 humans 1196:1201 Our findings indicate that pharmacological blockade of NOD2 signaling in humans could improve health in Th2-driven chronic intestinal inflammation. 27848951 4 50 theme sulfate 814:820 arg1 DSS 823:825 acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) 793:826 acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) 793:826 Remarkably, Nod2 deletion improved both chronic cobblestone ileitis (by 50% assessed, as the % of abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age), as well as acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis. 27848951 5 51 theme Th2 854:856 arg1 production 867:876 Th2 cytokine production 854:876 Th2 cytokine production 854:876 Mechanistically, Th2 cytokine production and Th2-transcription factor activation (i.e., STAT6 phosphorylation) were reduced. 27848951 6 52 theme fecal 1034:1038 arg1 composition 1051:1061 fecal microbiota composition 1034:1061 fecal microbiota composition 1034:1061 Microbiologically, the effects of Nod2 deletion appeared independent of fecal microbiota composition and function, assessed by 16S rRNA and metatranscriptomics. 27848951 7 53 theme Th2-driven 1227:1236 arg1 inflammation 1257:1268 Th2-driven chronic intestinal inflammation 1227:1268 Th2-driven chronic intestinal inflammation 1227:1268 Our findings indicate that pharmacological blockade of NOD2 signaling in humans could improve health in Th2-driven chronic intestinal inflammation. 27848951 6 54 theme deletion 1001:1008 arg1 effects 985:991 the effects 981:991 the effects of Nod2 deletion 981:1008 Microbiologically, the effects of Nod2 deletion appeared independent of fecal microbiota composition and function, assessed by 16S rRNA and metatranscriptomics. 27848951 5 55 dep phosphorylation 931:945 arg1 i.e. 919:922 i.e. 919:922 i.e. 919:922 Mechanistically, Th2 cytokine production and Th2-transcription factor activation (i.e., STAT6 phosphorylation) were reduced. 27848951 4 56 theme age 776:778 arg1 wks 769:771 24 wks 766:771 24 wks of age 766:778 Remarkably, Nod2 deletion improved both chronic cobblestone ileitis (by 50% assessed, as the % of abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age), as well as acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis. 27848951 4 57 theme cobblestone 697:707 arg1 ileitis 709:715 both chronic cobblestone ileitis 684:715 both chronic cobblestone ileitis (by 50% assessed, as the % of abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age) 684:779 Remarkably, Nod2 deletion improved both chronic cobblestone ileitis (by 50% assessed, as the % of abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age), as well as acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis. 27848951 7 58 from humans 1196:1201 arg1 blockade 1166:1173 pharmacological blockade 1150:1173 pharmacological blockade of NOD2 signaling in humans 1150:1201 Our findings indicate that pharmacological blockade of NOD2 signaling in humans could improve health in Th2-driven chronic intestinal inflammation. 27848951 1 59 theme genetic 137:143 arg1 polymorphisms 145:157 genetic polymorphisms 137:157 genetic polymorphisms in NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2) 137:222 Although genetic polymorphisms in NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2) have been associated with the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), little is known regarding the role of wild-type (WT) NOD2 in the gut. 27848951 2 60 theme healthy 448:454 arg1 strains 485:491 healthy (ileitis/colitis-free) mouse strains 448:491 healthy (ileitis/colitis-free) mouse strains 448:491 To date, most murine studies addressing the role of WT Nod2 have been conducted using healthy (ileitis/colitis-free) mouse strains. 27848951 4 61 from wks 769:771 arg1 % 742:742 the % 738:742 the % of abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age 738:778 Remarkably, Nod2 deletion improved both chronic cobblestone ileitis (by 50% assessed, as the % of abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age), as well as acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis. 27848951 4 61 from wks 769:771 arg1 mucosa 756:761 abnormal mucosa 747:761 abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age 747:778 Remarkably, Nod2 deletion improved both chronic cobblestone ileitis (by 50% assessed, as the % of abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age), as well as acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis. 27848951 6 62 theme function 1067:1074 arg1 independent 1019:1029 independent 1019:1029 independent 1019:1029 Microbiologically, the effects of Nod2 deletion appeared independent of fecal microbiota composition and function, assessed by 16S rRNA and metatranscriptomics. 27848951 7 63 theme signaling 1183:1191 arg1 blockade 1166:1173 pharmacological blockade 1150:1173 pharmacological blockade of NOD2 signaling in humans 1150:1201 Our findings indicate that pharmacological blockade of NOD2 signaling in humans could improve health in Th2-driven chronic intestinal inflammation. 27848951 3 64 from effects 517:523 arg1 model 554:558 a murine model 545:558 a murine model of spontaneous ileitis 545:581 Here, we evaluated the effects of Nod2 deletion in a murine model of spontaneous ileitis, i.e., the SAMP1Yit/Fc (SAMP) strain, which closely resembles CD. 27848951 0 65 theme murine 55:60 arg1 Crohn 62:66 murine Crohn's 55:68 murine Crohn's disease-like ileitis independent of functional dysbiosis 55:125 Genetic deletion of the bacterial sensor NOD2 improves murine Crohn's disease-like ileitis independent of functional dysbiosis. 27848951 7 66 theme chronic 1238:1244 arg1 inflammation 1257:1268 Th2-driven chronic intestinal inflammation 1227:1268 Th2-driven chronic intestinal inflammation 1227:1268 Our findings indicate that pharmacological blockade of NOD2 signaling in humans could improve health in Th2-driven chronic intestinal inflammation. 27848951 3 67 theme murine 547:552 arg1 model 554:558 a murine model 545:558 a murine model of spontaneous ileitis 545:581 Here, we evaluated the effects of Nod2 deletion in a murine model of spontaneous ileitis, i.e., the SAMP1Yit/Fc (SAMP) strain, which closely resembles CD. 28438996 3 0 theme cysteine-rich 686:698 arg1 NCRs 710:713 NCRs 710:713 NCRs 710:713 In Medicago truncatula, this process is orchestrated by nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides (NCRs) delivered into developing bacteroids. 28438996 3 0 theme cysteine-rich 686:698 arg1 peptides 700:707 nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides 670:707 nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides (NCRs) delivered into developing bacteroids 670:751 In Medicago truncatula, this process is orchestrated by nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides (NCRs) delivered into developing bacteroids. 28438996 4 1 theme IRLC 855:858 arg1 subclades 838:846 different subclades 828:846 different subclades of the IRLC with distinct bacteroid morphotypes 828:894 Here, we identified the predicted NCR proteins in 10 legumes representing different subclades of the IRLC with distinct bacteroid morphotypes. 28438996 2 2 theme legumes 337:343 arg1 IRLC 328:331 IRLC 328:331 IRLC 328:331 In the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes, this differentiation is terminal due to irreversible loss of cell division ability and is associated with genome amplification and different morphologies of the bacteroids that can be swollen, elongated, spherical, and elongated-branched, depending on the host plant. 28438996 2 2 theme legumes 337:343 arg1 Clade 321:325 the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade 293:325 the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes 293:343 In the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes, this differentiation is terminal due to irreversible loss of cell division ability and is associated with genome amplification and different morphologies of the bacteroids that can be swollen, elongated, spherical, and elongated-branched, depending on the host plant. 28438996 4 3 with subclades 838:846 arg1 morphotypes 884:894 distinct bacteroid morphotypes 865:894 distinct bacteroid morphotypes 865:894 Here, we identified the predicted NCR proteins in 10 legumes representing different subclades of the IRLC with distinct bacteroid morphotypes. 28438996 8 4 from survival 1642:1649 arg1 cells 1673:1677 nodule cells 1666:1677 nodule cells 1666:1677 These effects are strongly influenced by the rhizobial surface polysaccharides that affect NCR-induced differentiation and survival of rhizobia in nodule cells. 28438996 8 5 theme rhizobia 1654:1661 arg1 survival 1642:1649 survival 1642:1649 survival 1642:1649 These effects are strongly influenced by the rhizobial surface polysaccharides that affect NCR-induced differentiation and survival of rhizobia in nodule cells. 28438996 8 5 theme rhizobia 1654:1661 arg1 differentiation 1622:1636 differentiation 1622:1636 differentiation 1622:1636 These effects are strongly influenced by the rhizobial surface polysaccharides that affect NCR-induced differentiation and survival of rhizobia in nodule cells. 28438996 0 6 theme symbiotic 85:93 arg1 peptides 99:106 symbiotic NCR peptides 85:106 symbiotic NCR peptides 85:106 Morphotype of bacteroids in different legumes correlates with the number and type of symbiotic NCR peptides. 28438996 0 7 from Morphotype 0:9 arg1 legumes 38:44 different legumes 28:44 different legumes 28:44 Morphotype of bacteroids in different legumes correlates with the number and type of symbiotic NCR peptides. 28438996 4 8 theme distinct 865:872 arg1 morphotypes 884:894 distinct bacteroid morphotypes 865:894 distinct bacteroid morphotypes 865:894 Here, we identified the predicted NCR proteins in 10 legumes representing different subclades of the IRLC with distinct bacteroid morphotypes. 28438996 6 9 theme cationic 1196:1203 arg1 peptides 1205:1212 cationic peptides 1196:1212 cationic peptides 1196:1212 Although NCRs have a single origin, their evolution has followed different routes in individual lineages, and enrichment and diversification of cationic peptides has resulted in the ability to impose major morphological changes on the endosymbionts. 28438996 1 10 theme organelle-like 242:255 arg1 structure 257:265 an organelle-like structure 239:265 an organelle-like structure called the symbiosome 239:287 In legume nodules, rhizobia differentiate into nitrogen-fixing forms called bacteroids, which are enclosed by a plant membrane in an organelle-like structure called the symbiosome. 28438996 2 11 theme bacteroids 507:516 arg1 amplification 459:471 genome amplification 452:471 genome amplification 452:471 In the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes, this differentiation is terminal due to irreversible loss of cell division ability and is associated with genome amplification and different morphologies of the bacteroids that can be swollen, elongated, spherical, and elongated-branched, depending on the host plant. 28438996 2 11 theme bacteroids 507:516 arg1 morphologies 487:498 different morphologies 477:498 different morphologies 477:498 In the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes, this differentiation is terminal due to irreversible loss of cell division ability and is associated with genome amplification and different morphologies of the bacteroids that can be swollen, elongated, spherical, and elongated-branched, depending on the host plant. 28438996 7 12 theme amino 1468:1472 arg1 composition 1479:1489 amino acid composition 1468:1489 amino acid composition 1468:1489 The wide range of effects provoked by NCRs such as cell enlargement, membrane alterations and permeabilization, and biofilm and vesicle formation is dependent on the amino acid composition and charge of the peptides. 28438996 8 13 theme nodule 1666:1671 arg1 cells 1673:1677 nodule cells 1666:1677 nodule cells 1666:1677 These effects are strongly influenced by the rhizobial surface polysaccharides that affect NCR-induced differentiation and survival of rhizobia in nodule cells. 28438996 7 14 theme biofilm 1418:1424 arg1 formation 1438:1446 biofilm and vesicle formation 1418:1446 formation 1438:1446 The wide range of effects provoked by NCRs such as cell enlargement, membrane alterations and permeabilization, and biofilm and vesicle formation is dependent on the amino acid composition and charge of the peptides. 28438996 0 15 theme peptides 99:106 arg1 type 77:80 type 77:80 type 77:80 Morphotype of bacteroids in different legumes correlates with the number and type of symbiotic NCR peptides. 28438996 0 15 theme peptides 99:106 arg1 number 66:71 number 66:71 number 66:71 Morphotype of bacteroids in different legumes correlates with the number and type of symbiotic NCR peptides. 28438996 7 16 theme acid 1474:1477 arg1 composition 1479:1489 amino acid composition 1468:1489 amino acid composition 1468:1489 The wide range of effects provoked by NCRs such as cell enlargement, membrane alterations and permeabilization, and biofilm and vesicle formation is dependent on the amino acid composition and charge of the peptides. 28438996 4 17 theme different 828:836 arg1 subclades 838:846 different subclades 828:846 different subclades of the IRLC with distinct bacteroid morphotypes 828:894 Here, we identified the predicted NCR proteins in 10 legumes representing different subclades of the IRLC with distinct bacteroid morphotypes. 28438996 7 18 theme vesicle 1430:1436 arg1 formation 1438:1446 biofilm and vesicle formation 1418:1446 formation 1438:1446 The wide range of effects provoked by NCRs such as cell enlargement, membrane alterations and permeabilization, and biofilm and vesicle formation is dependent on the amino acid composition and charge of the peptides. 28438996 1 19 theme nitrogen-fixing 156:170 arg1 forms 172:176 nitrogen-fixing forms 156:176 nitrogen-fixing forms called bacteroids, which are enclosed by a plant membrane in an organelle-like structure called the symbiosome 156:287 In legume nodules, rhizobia differentiate into nitrogen-fixing forms called bacteroids, which are enclosed by a plant membrane in an organelle-like structure called the symbiosome. 28438996 0 20 theme NCR 95:97 arg1 peptides 99:106 symbiotic NCR peptides 85:106 symbiotic NCR peptides 85:106 Morphotype of bacteroids in different legumes correlates with the number and type of symbiotic NCR peptides. 28438996 2 21 theme host 602:605 arg1 plant 607:611 the host plant 598:611 the host plant 598:611 In the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes, this differentiation is terminal due to irreversible loss of cell division ability and is associated with genome amplification and different morphologies of the bacteroids that can be swollen, elongated, spherical, and elongated-branched, depending on the host plant. 28438996 5 22 theme predicted 930:938 arg1 sequences 940:948 predicted sequences 930:948 predicted sequences 930:948 Analysis of their expression and predicted sequences establishes correlations between the composition of the NCR family and the morphotypes of bacteroids. 28438996 2 23 theme terminal 370:377 arg1 ability 421:427 terminal due to irreversible loss of cell division ability 370:427 terminal due to irreversible loss of cell division ability 370:427 In the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes, this differentiation is terminal due to irreversible loss of cell division ability and is associated with genome amplification and different morphologies of the bacteroids that can be swollen, elongated, spherical, and elongated-branched, depending on the host plant. 28438996 6 24 contain have 1066:1069 arg1 NCRs 1061:1064 NCRs 1061:1064 NCRs 1061:1064 Although NCRs have a single origin, their evolution has followed different routes in individual lineages, and enrichment and diversification of cationic peptides has resulted in the ability to impose major morphological changes on the endosymbionts. 28438996 6 24 contain have 1066:1069 arg2 origin 1080:1085 a single origin 1071:1085 a single origin 1071:1085 Although NCRs have a single origin, their evolution has followed different routes in individual lineages, and enrichment and diversification of cationic peptides has resulted in the ability to impose major morphological changes on the endosymbionts. 28438996 6 25 theme morphological 1258:1270 arg1 changes 1272:1278 major morphological changes 1252:1278 major morphological changes 1252:1278 Although NCRs have a single origin, their evolution has followed different routes in individual lineages, and enrichment and diversification of cationic peptides has resulted in the ability to impose major morphological changes on the endosymbionts. 28438996 7 26 dep composition 1479:1489 arg1 the 1464:1466 the 1464:1466 the 1464:1466 The wide range of effects provoked by NCRs such as cell enlargement, membrane alterations and permeabilization, and biofilm and vesicle formation is dependent on the amino acid composition and charge of the peptides. 28438996 2 27 theme Repeat-Lacking 306:319 arg1 IRLC 328:331 IRLC 328:331 IRLC 328:331 In the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes, this differentiation is terminal due to irreversible loss of cell division ability and is associated with genome amplification and different morphologies of the bacteroids that can be swollen, elongated, spherical, and elongated-branched, depending on the host plant. 28438996 2 27 theme Repeat-Lacking 306:319 arg1 Clade 321:325 the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade 293:325 the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes 293:343 In the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes, this differentiation is terminal due to irreversible loss of cell division ability and is associated with genome amplification and different morphologies of the bacteroids that can be swollen, elongated, spherical, and elongated-branched, depending on the host plant. 28438996 4 28 theme bacteroid 874:882 arg1 morphotypes 884:894 distinct bacteroid morphotypes 865:894 distinct bacteroid morphotypes 865:894 Here, we identified the predicted NCR proteins in 10 legumes representing different subclades of the IRLC with distinct bacteroid morphotypes. 28438996 6 29 theme single 1073:1078 arg1 origin 1080:1085 a single origin 1071:1085 a single origin 1071:1085 Although NCRs have a single origin, their evolution has followed different routes in individual lineages, and enrichment and diversification of cationic peptides has resulted in the ability to impose major morphological changes on the endosymbionts. 28438996 3 30 theme developing 731:740 arg1 bacteroids 742:751 developing bacteroids 731:751 developing bacteroids 731:751 In Medicago truncatula, this process is orchestrated by nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides (NCRs) delivered into developing bacteroids. 28438996 6 31 theme major 1252:1256 arg1 changes 1272:1278 major morphological changes 1252:1278 major morphological changes 1252:1278 Although NCRs have a single origin, their evolution has followed different routes in individual lineages, and enrichment and diversification of cationic peptides has resulted in the ability to impose major morphological changes on the endosymbionts. 28438996 2 32 theme Inverted 297:304 arg1 IRLC 328:331 IRLC 328:331 IRLC 328:331 In the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes, this differentiation is terminal due to irreversible loss of cell division ability and is associated with genome amplification and different morphologies of the bacteroids that can be swollen, elongated, spherical, and elongated-branched, depending on the host plant. 28438996 2 32 theme Inverted 297:304 arg1 Clade 321:325 the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade 293:325 the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes 293:343 In the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes, this differentiation is terminal due to irreversible loss of cell division ability and is associated with genome amplification and different morphologies of the bacteroids that can be swollen, elongated, spherical, and elongated-branched, depending on the host plant. 28438996 2 33 theme division 412:419 arg1 loss 399:402 irreversible loss 386:402 irreversible loss of cell division 386:419 In the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes, this differentiation is terminal due to irreversible loss of cell division ability and is associated with genome amplification and different morphologies of the bacteroids that can be swollen, elongated, spherical, and elongated-branched, depending on the host plant. 28438996 5 34 theme family 1010:1015 arg1 composition 987:997 the composition 983:997 the composition of the NCR family 983:1015 Analysis of their expression and predicted sequences establishes correlations between the composition of the NCR family and the morphotypes of bacteroids. 28438996 7 35 theme cell 1353:1356 arg1 enlargement 1358:1368 cell enlargement 1353:1368 cell enlargement 1353:1368 The wide range of effects provoked by NCRs such as cell enlargement, membrane alterations and permeabilization, and biofilm and vesicle formation is dependent on the amino acid composition and charge of the peptides. 28438996 0 36 dep number 66:71 arg1 the 62:64 the 62:64 the 62:64 Morphotype of bacteroids in different legumes correlates with the number and type of symbiotic NCR peptides. 28438996 2 37 theme cell 407:410 arg1 division 412:419 cell division 407:419 cell division 407:419 In the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes, this differentiation is terminal due to irreversible loss of cell division ability and is associated with genome amplification and different morphologies of the bacteroids that can be swollen, elongated, spherical, and elongated-branched, depending on the host plant. 28438996 8 38 theme surface 1574:1580 arg1 polysaccharides 1582:1596 the rhizobial surface polysaccharides 1560:1596 the rhizobial surface polysaccharides that affect NCR-induced differentiation and survival of rhizobia in nodule cells 1560:1677 These effects are strongly influenced by the rhizobial surface polysaccharides that affect NCR-induced differentiation and survival of rhizobia in nodule cells. 28438996 5 39 theme sequences 940:948 arg1 Analysis 897:904 Analysis 897:904 Analysis of their expression and predicted sequences 897:948 Analysis of their expression and predicted sequences establishes correlations between the composition of the NCR family and the morphotypes of bacteroids. 28438996 3 40 theme Medicago 617:624 arg1 truncatula 626:635 Medicago truncatula 617:635 Medicago truncatula 617:635 In Medicago truncatula, this process is orchestrated by nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides (NCRs) delivered into developing bacteroids. 28438996 7 41 theme effects 1320:1326 arg1 range 1311:1315 The wide range 1302:1315 The wide range of effects 1302:1326 The wide range of effects provoked by NCRs such as cell enlargement, membrane alterations and permeabilization, and biofilm and vesicle formation is dependent on the amino acid composition and charge of the peptides. 28438996 2 42 theme genome 452:457 arg1 amplification 459:471 genome amplification 452:471 genome amplification 452:471 In the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes, this differentiation is terminal due to irreversible loss of cell division ability and is associated with genome amplification and different morphologies of the bacteroids that can be swollen, elongated, spherical, and elongated-branched, depending on the host plant. 28438996 8 43 theme rhizobial 1564:1572 arg1 polysaccharides 1582:1596 the rhizobial surface polysaccharides 1560:1596 the rhizobial surface polysaccharides that affect NCR-induced differentiation and survival of rhizobia in nodule cells 1560:1677 These effects are strongly influenced by the rhizobial surface polysaccharides that affect NCR-induced differentiation and survival of rhizobia in nodule cells. 28438996 7 44 theme wide 1306:1309 arg1 range 1311:1315 The wide range 1302:1315 The wide range of effects 1302:1326 The wide range of effects provoked by NCRs such as cell enlargement, membrane alterations and permeabilization, and biofilm and vesicle formation is dependent on the amino acid composition and charge of the peptides. 28438996 6 45 theme peptides 1205:1212 arg1 diversification 1177:1191 diversification 1177:1191 diversification 1177:1191 Although NCRs have a single origin, their evolution has followed different routes in individual lineages, and enrichment and diversification of cationic peptides has resulted in the ability to impose major morphological changes on the endosymbionts. 28438996 6 45 theme peptides 1205:1212 arg1 enrichment 1162:1171 enrichment 1162:1171 enrichment 1162:1171 Although NCRs have a single origin, their evolution has followed different routes in individual lineages, and enrichment and diversification of cationic peptides has resulted in the ability to impose major morphological changes on the endosymbionts. 28438996 2 46 theme irreversible 386:397 arg1 loss 399:402 irreversible loss 386:402 irreversible loss of cell division 386:419 In the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes, this differentiation is terminal due to irreversible loss of cell division ability and is associated with genome amplification and different morphologies of the bacteroids that can be swollen, elongated, spherical, and elongated-branched, depending on the host plant. 28438996 2 47 theme due 379:381 arg1 ability 421:427 terminal due to irreversible loss of cell division ability 370:427 terminal due to irreversible loss of cell division ability 370:427 In the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes, this differentiation is terminal due to irreversible loss of cell division ability and is associated with genome amplification and different morphologies of the bacteroids that can be swollen, elongated, spherical, and elongated-branched, depending on the host plant. 28438996 0 48 theme different 28:36 arg1 legumes 38:44 different legumes 28:44 different legumes 28:44 Morphotype of bacteroids in different legumes correlates with the number and type of symbiotic NCR peptides. 28438996 6 49 from routes 1127:1132 arg1 lineages 1148:1155 individual lineages 1137:1155 individual lineages 1137:1155 Although NCRs have a single origin, their evolution has followed different routes in individual lineages, and enrichment and diversification of cationic peptides has resulted in the ability to impose major morphological changes on the endosymbionts. 28438996 7 50 theme membrane 1371:1378 arg1 alterations 1380:1390 membrane alterations 1371:1390 membrane alterations 1371:1390 The wide range of effects provoked by NCRs such as cell enlargement, membrane alterations and permeabilization, and biofilm and vesicle formation is dependent on the amino acid composition and charge of the peptides. 28438996 6 51 theme individual 1137:1146 arg1 lineages 1148:1155 individual lineages 1137:1155 individual lineages 1137:1155 Although NCRs have a single origin, their evolution has followed different routes in individual lineages, and enrichment and diversification of cationic peptides has resulted in the ability to impose major morphological changes on the endosymbionts. 28438996 2 52 from ability 421:427 arg1 IRLC 328:331 IRLC 328:331 IRLC 328:331 In the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes, this differentiation is terminal due to irreversible loss of cell division ability and is associated with genome amplification and different morphologies of the bacteroids that can be swollen, elongated, spherical, and elongated-branched, depending on the host plant. 28438996 2 52 from ability 421:427 arg1 Clade 321:325 the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade 293:325 the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes 293:343 In the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes, this differentiation is terminal due to irreversible loss of cell division ability and is associated with genome amplification and different morphologies of the bacteroids that can be swollen, elongated, spherical, and elongated-branched, depending on the host plant. 28438996 8 53 theme NCR-induced 1610:1620 arg1 differentiation 1622:1636 differentiation 1622:1636 differentiation 1622:1636 These effects are strongly influenced by the rhizobial surface polysaccharides that affect NCR-induced differentiation and survival of rhizobia in nodule cells. 28438996 1 54 from membrane 227:234 arg1 structure 257:265 an organelle-like structure 239:265 an organelle-like structure called the symbiosome 239:287 In legume nodules, rhizobia differentiate into nitrogen-fixing forms called bacteroids, which are enclosed by a plant membrane in an organelle-like structure called the symbiosome. 28438996 5 55 theme bacteroids 1040:1049 arg1 morphotypes 1025:1035 the morphotypes 1021:1035 the morphotypes of bacteroids 1021:1049 Analysis of their expression and predicted sequences establishes correlations between the composition of the NCR family and the morphotypes of bacteroids. 28438996 5 55 theme bacteroids 1040:1049 arg1 correlations 962:973 correlations 962:973 correlations between the composition of the NCR family 962:1015 Analysis of their expression and predicted sequences establishes correlations between the composition of the NCR family and the morphotypes of bacteroids. 28438996 4 56 theme predicted 778:786 arg1 proteins 792:799 the predicted NCR proteins 774:799 the predicted NCR proteins in 10 legumes representing different subclades of the IRLC with distinct bacteroid morphotypes 774:894 Here, we identified the predicted NCR proteins in 10 legumes representing different subclades of the IRLC with distinct bacteroid morphotypes. 28438996 4 57 from proteins 792:799 arg1 legumes 807:813 10 legumes 804:813 10 legumes representing different subclades of the IRLC with distinct bacteroid morphotypes 804:894 Here, we identified the predicted NCR proteins in 10 legumes representing different subclades of the IRLC with distinct bacteroid morphotypes. 28438996 1 58 theme legume 112:117 arg1 nodules 119:125 legume nodules 112:125 legume nodules 112:125 In legume nodules, rhizobia differentiate into nitrogen-fixing forms called bacteroids, which are enclosed by a plant membrane in an organelle-like structure called the symbiosome. 28438996 8 59 from differentiation 1622:1636 arg1 cells 1673:1677 nodule cells 1666:1677 nodule cells 1666:1677 These effects are strongly influenced by the rhizobial surface polysaccharides that affect NCR-induced differentiation and survival of rhizobia in nodule cells. 28438996 5 60 theme NCR 1006:1008 arg1 family 1010:1015 the NCR family 1002:1015 the NCR family 1002:1015 Analysis of their expression and predicted sequences establishes correlations between the composition of the NCR family and the morphotypes of bacteroids. 28438996 6 61 theme different 1117:1125 arg1 routes 1127:1132 different routes 1117:1132 different routes in individual lineages 1117:1155 Although NCRs have a single origin, their evolution has followed different routes in individual lineages, and enrichment and diversification of cationic peptides has resulted in the ability to impose major morphological changes on the endosymbionts. 28438996 5 62 theme expression 915:924 arg1 Analysis 897:904 Analysis 897:904 Analysis of their expression and predicted sequences 897:948 Analysis of their expression and predicted sequences establishes correlations between the composition of the NCR family and the morphotypes of bacteroids. 28438996 7 63 theme peptides 1509:1516 arg1 charge 1495:1500 charge 1495:1500 charge 1495:1500 The wide range of effects provoked by NCRs such as cell enlargement, membrane alterations and permeabilization, and biofilm and vesicle formation is dependent on the amino acid composition and charge of the peptides. 28438996 7 63 theme peptides 1509:1516 arg1 composition 1479:1489 amino acid composition 1468:1489 amino acid composition 1468:1489 The wide range of effects provoked by NCRs such as cell enlargement, membrane alterations and permeabilization, and biofilm and vesicle formation is dependent on the amino acid composition and charge of the peptides. 28438996 4 64 theme NCR 788:790 arg1 proteins 792:799 the predicted NCR proteins 774:799 the predicted NCR proteins in 10 legumes representing different subclades of the IRLC with distinct bacteroid morphotypes 774:894 Here, we identified the predicted NCR proteins in 10 legumes representing different subclades of the IRLC with distinct bacteroid morphotypes. 28438996 1 65 theme plant 221:225 arg1 membrane 227:234 a plant membrane 219:234 a plant membrane in an organelle-like structure called the symbiosome 219:287 In legume nodules, rhizobia differentiate into nitrogen-fixing forms called bacteroids, which are enclosed by a plant membrane in an organelle-like structure called the symbiosome. 28438996 2 66 theme different 477:485 arg1 morphologies 487:498 different morphologies 477:498 different morphologies 477:498 In the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes, this differentiation is terminal due to irreversible loss of cell division ability and is associated with genome amplification and different morphologies of the bacteroids that can be swollen, elongated, spherical, and elongated-branched, depending on the host plant. 28438996 3 67 theme nodule-specific 670:684 arg1 NCRs 710:713 NCRs 710:713 NCRs 710:713 In Medicago truncatula, this process is orchestrated by nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides (NCRs) delivered into developing bacteroids. 28438996 3 67 theme nodule-specific 670:684 arg1 peptides 700:707 nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides 670:707 nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides (NCRs) delivered into developing bacteroids 670:751 In Medicago truncatula, this process is orchestrated by nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides (NCRs) delivered into developing bacteroids. 28438996 0 68 theme bacteroids 14:23 arg1 Morphotype 0:9 Morphotype 0:9 Morphotype of bacteroids in different legumes 0:44 Morphotype of bacteroids in different legumes correlates with the number and type of symbiotic NCR peptides. 25323992 1 0 theme ring 153:156 arg1 closure 158:164 oxidative ring closure 143:164 oxidative ring closure of a hexapyrrane bearing two terminal "confused" pyrroles 143:222 The first neo-confused hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.0) was synthesized by oxidative ring closure of a hexapyrrane bearing two terminal "confused" pyrroles. 25323992 0 1 contain containing 41:50 arg1 puzzle 34:39 a molecular puzzle 22:39 a molecular puzzle containing an N-linked pentaphyrin 22:74 Neo-fused hexaphyrin: a molecular puzzle containing an N-linked pentaphyrin. 25323992 0 1 contain containing 41:50 arg2 pentaphyrin 64:74 an N-linked pentaphyrin 52:74 an N-linked pentaphyrin 52:74 Neo-fused hexaphyrin: a molecular puzzle containing an N-linked pentaphyrin. 25323992 3 2 theme Cu 554:555 arg1 complex 561:567 a Cu(II) complex 552:567 a Cu(II) complex of an N-linked pentaphyrin derivative 552:605 Furthermore, coordination of Cu(II) triggered a ring opening/contracting reaction to afford a Cu(II) complex of an N-linked pentaphyrin derivative. 25323992 3 3 theme ring 508:511 arg1 reaction 533:540 a ring opening/contracting reaction 506:540 a ring opening/contracting reaction to afford a Cu(II) complex of an N-linked pentaphyrin derivative 506:605 Furthermore, coordination of Cu(II) triggered a ring opening/contracting reaction to afford a Cu(II) complex of an N-linked pentaphyrin derivative. 25323992 3 4 link N-linked 575:582 arg1 derivative 596:605 an N-linked pentaphyrin derivative 572:605 an N-linked pentaphyrin derivative 572:605 Furthermore, coordination of Cu(II) triggered a ring opening/contracting reaction to afford a Cu(II) complex of an N-linked pentaphyrin derivative. 25323992 4 5 theme N-C 630:632 arg1 bonds 634:638 reactive N-C bonds 621:638 reactive N-C bonds 621:638 The roles of reactive N-C bonds in the porphyrinoid macrocycles were demonstrated. 25323992 2 6 theme folded 253:258 arg1 conformation 260:271 a folded conformation 251:271 a folded conformation 251:271 The new compound displays a folded conformation with a short interpyrrolic C⋅⋅⋅N distance of 3.102 Å, and thus it readily underwent ring fusion to afford a neo-fused hexaphyrin with an unprecedented 5,5,5,7-tetracyclic ring structure. 25323992 4 7 theme reactive 621:628 arg1 bonds 634:638 reactive N-C bonds 621:638 reactive N-C bonds 621:638 The roles of reactive N-C bonds in the porphyrinoid macrocycles were demonstrated. 25323992 2 8 theme ring 444:447 arg1 structure 449:457 an unprecedented 5,5,5,7-tetracyclic ring structure 407:457 an unprecedented 5,5,5,7-tetracyclic ring structure 407:457 The new compound displays a folded conformation with a short interpyrrolic C⋅⋅⋅N distance of 3.102 Å, and thus it readily underwent ring fusion to afford a neo-fused hexaphyrin with an unprecedented 5,5,5,7-tetracyclic ring structure. 25323992 1 9 theme first 81:85 arg1 1.1.1.1.1.0 111:121 1.1.1.1.1.0 111:121 1.1.1.1.1.0 111:121 The first neo-confused hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.0) was synthesized by oxidative ring closure of a hexapyrrane bearing two terminal "confused" pyrroles. 25323992 1 9 theme first 81:85 arg1 hexaphyrin 100:109 The first neo-confused hexaphyrin 77:109 The first neo-confused hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.0) 77:122 The first neo-confused hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.0) was synthesized by oxidative ring closure of a hexapyrrane bearing two terminal "confused" pyrroles. 25323992 1 10 theme hexapyrrane 171:181 arg1 closure 158:164 oxidative ring closure 143:164 oxidative ring closure of a hexapyrrane bearing two terminal "confused" pyrroles 143:222 The first neo-confused hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.0) was synthesized by oxidative ring closure of a hexapyrrane bearing two terminal "confused" pyrroles. 25323992 0 11 theme Neo-fused 0:8 arg1 hexaphyrin 10:19 Neo-fused hexaphyrin 0:19 Neo-fused hexaphyrin 0:19 Neo-fused hexaphyrin: a molecular puzzle containing an N-linked pentaphyrin. 25323992 1 12 theme neo-confused 87:98 arg1 1.1.1.1.1.0 111:121 1.1.1.1.1.0 111:121 1.1.1.1.1.0 111:121 The first neo-confused hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.0) was synthesized by oxidative ring closure of a hexapyrrane bearing two terminal "confused" pyrroles. 25323992 1 12 theme neo-confused 87:98 arg1 hexaphyrin 100:109 The first neo-confused hexaphyrin 77:109 The first neo-confused hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.0) 77:122 The first neo-confused hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.0) was synthesized by oxidative ring closure of a hexapyrrane bearing two terminal "confused" pyrroles. 25323992 2 13 theme ring 357:360 arg1 fusion 362:367 ring fusion 357:367 ring fusion 357:367 The new compound displays a folded conformation with a short interpyrrolic C⋅⋅⋅N distance of 3.102 Å, and thus it readily underwent ring fusion to afford a neo-fused hexaphyrin with an unprecedented 5,5,5,7-tetracyclic ring structure. 25323992 2 14 theme unprecedented 410:422 arg1 structure 449:457 an unprecedented 5,5,5,7-tetracyclic ring structure 407:457 an unprecedented 5,5,5,7-tetracyclic ring structure 407:457 The new compound displays a folded conformation with a short interpyrrolic C⋅⋅⋅N distance of 3.102 Å, and thus it readily underwent ring fusion to afford a neo-fused hexaphyrin with an unprecedented 5,5,5,7-tetracyclic ring structure. 25323992 2 15 theme interpyrrolic 286:298 arg1 distance 306:313 a short interpyrrolic C⋅⋅⋅N distance 278:313 a short interpyrrolic C⋅⋅⋅N distance of 3.102 Å 278:324 The new compound displays a folded conformation with a short interpyrrolic C⋅⋅⋅N distance of 3.102 Å, and thus it readily underwent ring fusion to afford a neo-fused hexaphyrin with an unprecedented 5,5,5,7-tetracyclic ring structure. 25323992 4 16 from roles 612:616 arg1 macrocycles 660:670 the porphyrinoid macrocycles 643:670 the porphyrinoid macrocycles 643:670 The roles of reactive N-C bonds in the porphyrinoid macrocycles were demonstrated. 25323992 2 17 theme C⋅⋅⋅N 300:304 arg1 distance 306:313 a short interpyrrolic C⋅⋅⋅N distance 278:313 a short interpyrrolic C⋅⋅⋅N distance of 3.102 Å 278:324 The new compound displays a folded conformation with a short interpyrrolic C⋅⋅⋅N distance of 3.102 Å, and thus it readily underwent ring fusion to afford a neo-fused hexaphyrin with an unprecedented 5,5,5,7-tetracyclic ring structure. 25323992 2 18 theme 5,5,5,7-tetracyclic 424:442 arg1 structure 449:457 an unprecedented 5,5,5,7-tetracyclic ring structure 407:457 an unprecedented 5,5,5,7-tetracyclic ring structure 407:457 The new compound displays a folded conformation with a short interpyrrolic C⋅⋅⋅N distance of 3.102 Å, and thus it readily underwent ring fusion to afford a neo-fused hexaphyrin with an unprecedented 5,5,5,7-tetracyclic ring structure. 25323992 2 19 theme short 280:284 arg1 distance 306:313 a short interpyrrolic C⋅⋅⋅N distance 278:313 a short interpyrrolic C⋅⋅⋅N distance of 3.102 Å 278:324 The new compound displays a folded conformation with a short interpyrrolic C⋅⋅⋅N distance of 3.102 Å, and thus it readily underwent ring fusion to afford a neo-fused hexaphyrin with an unprecedented 5,5,5,7-tetracyclic ring structure. 25323992 1 20 theme terminal 195:202 arg1 pyrroles 215:222 two terminal "confused" pyrroles 191:222 two terminal "confused" pyrroles 191:222 The first neo-confused hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.0) was synthesized by oxidative ring closure of a hexapyrrane bearing two terminal "confused" pyrroles. 25323992 4 21 theme bonds 634:638 arg1 roles 612:616 The roles 608:616 The roles of reactive N-C bonds in the porphyrinoid macrocycles 608:670 The roles of reactive N-C bonds in the porphyrinoid macrocycles were demonstrated. 25323992 2 22 theme neo-fused 381:389 arg1 hexaphyrin 391:400 a neo-fused hexaphyrin 379:400 a neo-fused hexaphyrin 379:400 The new compound displays a folded conformation with a short interpyrrolic C⋅⋅⋅N distance of 3.102 Å, and thus it readily underwent ring fusion to afford a neo-fused hexaphyrin with an unprecedented 5,5,5,7-tetracyclic ring structure. 25323992 0 23 theme molecular 24:32 arg1 puzzle 34:39 a molecular puzzle 22:39 a molecular puzzle containing an N-linked pentaphyrin 22:74 Neo-fused hexaphyrin: a molecular puzzle containing an N-linked pentaphyrin. 25323992 1 24 theme confused 205:212 arg1 " 213:213 "confused" 204:213 two terminal "confused" pyrroles 191:222 The first neo-confused hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.0) was synthesized by oxidative ring closure of a hexapyrrane bearing two terminal "confused" pyrroles. 25323992 0 25 dep puzzle 34:39 arg1 hexaphyrin 10:19 Neo-fused hexaphyrin 0:19 Neo-fused hexaphyrin 0:19 Neo-fused hexaphyrin: a molecular puzzle containing an N-linked pentaphyrin. 25323992 3 26 theme Cu 489:490 arg1 coordination 473:484 coordination 473:484 coordination of Cu(II) 473:494 Furthermore, coordination of Cu(II) triggered a ring opening/contracting reaction to afford a Cu(II) complex of an N-linked pentaphyrin derivative. 25323992 3 27 theme N-linked 575:582 arg1 derivative 596:605 an N-linked pentaphyrin derivative 572:605 an N-linked pentaphyrin derivative 572:605 Furthermore, coordination of Cu(II) triggered a ring opening/contracting reaction to afford a Cu(II) complex of an N-linked pentaphyrin derivative. 25323992 3 28 theme pentaphyrin 584:594 arg1 derivative 596:605 an N-linked pentaphyrin derivative 572:605 an N-linked pentaphyrin derivative 572:605 Furthermore, coordination of Cu(II) triggered a ring opening/contracting reaction to afford a Cu(II) complex of an N-linked pentaphyrin derivative. 25323992 0 29 link N-linked 55:62 arg1 pentaphyrin 64:74 an N-linked pentaphyrin 52:74 an N-linked pentaphyrin 52:74 Neo-fused hexaphyrin: a molecular puzzle containing an N-linked pentaphyrin. 25323992 2 30 theme 3.102 Å 318:324 arg1 distance 306:313 a short interpyrrolic C⋅⋅⋅N distance 278:313 a short interpyrrolic C⋅⋅⋅N distance of 3.102 Å 278:324 The new compound displays a folded conformation with a short interpyrrolic C⋅⋅⋅N distance of 3.102 Å, and thus it readily underwent ring fusion to afford a neo-fused hexaphyrin with an unprecedented 5,5,5,7-tetracyclic ring structure. 25323992 1 31 theme " 213:213 arg1 pyrroles 215:222 two terminal "confused" pyrroles 191:222 two terminal "confused" pyrroles 191:222 The first neo-confused hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.0) was synthesized by oxidative ring closure of a hexapyrrane bearing two terminal "confused" pyrroles. 25323992 3 32 theme opening/contracting 513:531 arg1 reaction 533:540 a ring opening/contracting reaction 506:540 a ring opening/contracting reaction to afford a Cu(II) complex of an N-linked pentaphyrin derivative 506:605 Furthermore, coordination of Cu(II) triggered a ring opening/contracting reaction to afford a Cu(II) complex of an N-linked pentaphyrin derivative. 25323992 3 33 theme derivative 596:605 arg1 complex 561:567 a Cu(II) complex 552:567 a Cu(II) complex of an N-linked pentaphyrin derivative 552:605 Furthermore, coordination of Cu(II) triggered a ring opening/contracting reaction to afford a Cu(II) complex of an N-linked pentaphyrin derivative. 25323992 4 34 theme porphyrinoid 647:658 arg1 macrocycles 660:670 the porphyrinoid macrocycles 643:670 the porphyrinoid macrocycles 643:670 The roles of reactive N-C bonds in the porphyrinoid macrocycles were demonstrated. 25323992 0 35 theme N-linked 55:62 arg1 pentaphyrin 64:74 an N-linked pentaphyrin 52:74 an N-linked pentaphyrin 52:74 Neo-fused hexaphyrin: a molecular puzzle containing an N-linked pentaphyrin. 25323992 2 36 theme new 229:231 arg1 compound 233:240 The new compound 225:240 The new compound 225:240 The new compound displays a folded conformation with a short interpyrrolic C⋅⋅⋅N distance of 3.102 Å, and thus it readily underwent ring fusion to afford a neo-fused hexaphyrin with an unprecedented 5,5,5,7-tetracyclic ring structure. 25323992 1 37 theme oxidative 143:151 arg1 closure 158:164 oxidative ring closure 143:164 oxidative ring closure of a hexapyrrane bearing two terminal "confused" pyrroles 143:222 The first neo-confused hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.0) was synthesized by oxidative ring closure of a hexapyrrane bearing two terminal "confused" pyrroles. 27813145 9 0 theme induced 1054:1060 arg1 formation 1077:1085 induced secretory duct formation 1054:1085 induced secretory duct formation 1054:1085 Constitutive secretory ducts were present in the bark of ungouged A. peregrina, whereas, marmoset damage caused induced secretory duct formation and an increase in the size of these ducts. 27813145 5 1 theme hybrid 484:489 arg1 marmosets 491:499 hybrid marmosets 484:499 hybrid marmosets 484:499 Exudates from this tree species represent an important component of the diet of hybrid marmosets, Callithrix spp. 27813145 7 2 theme Callithrix 642:651 arg1 groups 653:658 Callithrix groups 642:658 Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments 642:701 A. peregrina was selected as the focal study tree because it is the only gum tree species exploited by Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 27813145 0 3 theme anatomy 50:56 arg1 composition 71:81 chemical composition 62:81 chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum 62:112 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 27813145 0 3 theme anatomy 50:56 arg1 habits 8:13 Feeding habits 0:13 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 0:113 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 27813145 0 3 theme anatomy 50:56 arg1 study 36:40 A case study 29:40 A case study of bark anatomy 29:56 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 27813145 8 4 theme peregrina 873:881 arg1 plants 883:888 A. peregrina plants 870:888 A. peregrina plants 870:888 Gum samples were obtained directly from gouges made by the marmosets, while bark samples were obtained from A. peregrina plants, whether or not they were damaged by the marmosets. 27813145 1 5 theme Callithrix 137:146 arg1 Primates 115:122 Primates 115:122 Primates of the genus Callithrix 115:146 Primates of the genus Callithrix often obtain exudates from plants of the family Fabaceae. 27813145 2 6 from hystochemistry 289:302 arg1 bark 334:337 the bark 330:337 the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg 330:374 This study characterizes the chemical composition of exudates, and the anatomy and hystochemistry of the secretory ducts in the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. 27813145 12 7 theme nutritional 1512:1522 arg1 role 1524:1527 an important nutritional role 1499:1527 an important nutritional role 1499:1527 We argue that the relatively high calcium content of A. peregrina gum plays an important nutritional role in, balancing a diet that is otherwise rich in phosphorous and poor in calcium. 27813145 7 8 theme focal 572:576 arg1 peregrina 542:550 A. peregrina 539:550 A. peregrina 539:550 A. peregrina was selected as the focal study tree because it is the only gum tree species exploited by Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 27813145 7 8 theme focal 572:576 arg1 tree 584:587 the focal study tree 568:587 the focal study tree 568:587 A. peregrina was selected as the focal study tree because it is the only gum tree species exploited by Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 27813145 8 9 theme A. 870:871 arg1 plants 883:888 A. peregrina plants 870:888 A. peregrina plants 870:888 Gum samples were obtained directly from gouges made by the marmosets, while bark samples were obtained from A. peregrina plants, whether or not they were damaged by the marmosets. 27813145 8 10 theme Gum 762:764 arg1 samples 766:772 Gum samples 762:772 Gum samples 762:772 Gum samples were obtained directly from gouges made by the marmosets, while bark samples were obtained from A. peregrina plants, whether or not they were damaged by the marmosets. 27813145 9 11 attach present 976:982 arg2 ducts 965:969 Constitutive secretory ducts 942:969 Constitutive secretory ducts 942:969 Constitutive secretory ducts were present in the bark of ungouged A. peregrina, whereas, marmoset damage caused induced secretory duct formation and an increase in the size of these ducts. 27813145 9 11 attach present 976:982 arg1 bark 991:994 the bark 987:994 the bark of ungouged A. peregrina 987:1019 Constitutive secretory ducts were present in the bark of ungouged A. peregrina, whereas, marmoset damage caused induced secretory duct formation and an increase in the size of these ducts. 27813145 0 12 theme chemical 62:69 arg1 composition 71:81 chemical composition 62:81 chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum 62:112 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 27813145 0 12 theme chemical 62:69 arg1 habits 8:13 Feeding habits 0:13 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 0:113 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 27813145 9 13 theme A. 1008:1009 arg1 peregrina 1011:1019 ungouged A. peregrina 999:1019 ungouged A. peregrina 999:1019 Constitutive secretory ducts were present in the bark of ungouged A. peregrina, whereas, marmoset damage caused induced secretory duct formation and an increase in the size of these ducts. 27813145 10 14 theme ungouged 1191:1198 arg1 plants 1200:1205 ungouged plants 1191:1205 ungouged plants 1191:1205 The gum produced in the gouges made by the marmosets and in ungouged plants reacted positively to tests for polysaccharides, pectin, mucilage, and proteins. 27813145 2 15 from ducts 321:325 arg1 bark 334:337 the bark 330:337 the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg 330:374 This study characterizes the chemical composition of exudates, and the anatomy and hystochemistry of the secretory ducts in the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. 27813145 7 16 theme A. 539:540 arg1 peregrina 542:550 A. peregrina 539:550 A. peregrina 539:550 A. peregrina was selected as the focal study tree because it is the only gum tree species exploited by Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 27813145 7 16 theme A. 539:540 arg1 tree 584:587 the focal study tree 568:587 the focal study tree 568:587 A. peregrina was selected as the focal study tree because it is the only gum tree species exploited by Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 27813145 0 17 theme Anadenanthera 86:98 arg1 gum 110:112 Anadenanthera peregrina gum 86:112 Anadenanthera peregrina gum 86:112 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 27813145 2 18 dep anatomy 277:283 arg1 the 273:275 the 273:275 the 273:275 This study characterizes the chemical composition of exudates, and the anatomy and hystochemistry of the secretory ducts in the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. 27813145 12 19 theme important 1502:1510 arg1 role 1524:1527 an important nutritional role 1499:1527 an important nutritional role 1499:1527 We argue that the relatively high calcium content of A. peregrina gum plays an important nutritional role in, balancing a diet that is otherwise rich in phosphorous and poor in calcium. 27813145 2 20 theme exudates 259:266 arg1 anatomy 277:283 anatomy 277:283 anatomy 277:283 This study characterizes the chemical composition of exudates, and the anatomy and hystochemistry of the secretory ducts in the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. 27813145 2 20 theme exudates 259:266 arg1 hystochemistry 289:302 hystochemistry 289:302 hystochemistry 289:302 This study characterizes the chemical composition of exudates, and the anatomy and hystochemistry of the secretory ducts in the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. 27813145 2 20 theme exudates 259:266 arg1 composition 244:254 the chemical composition 231:254 the chemical composition of exudates 231:266 This study characterizes the chemical composition of exudates, and the anatomy and hystochemistry of the secretory ducts in the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. 27813145 5 21 theme important 449:457 arg1 component 459:467 an important component 446:467 an important component of the diet of hybrid marmosets 446:499 Exudates from this tree species represent an important component of the diet of hybrid marmosets, Callithrix spp. 27813145 5 21 theme important 449:457 arg1 spp 513:515 Callithrix spp 502:515 Callithrix spp 502:515 Exudates from this tree species represent an important component of the diet of hybrid marmosets, Callithrix spp. 27813145 2 22 theme L. 367:368 arg1 Speg 371:374 Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg 342:374 Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg 342:374 This study characterizes the chemical composition of exudates, and the anatomy and hystochemistry of the secretory ducts in the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. 27813145 12 23 theme A. 1476:1477 arg1 gum 1489:1491 A. peregrina gum 1476:1491 A. peregrina gum 1476:1491 We argue that the relatively high calcium content of A. peregrina gum plays an important nutritional role in, balancing a diet that is otherwise rich in phosphorous and poor in calcium. 27813145 12 24 from rich 1568:1571 arg1 phosphorous 1576:1586 phosphorous 1576:1586 phosphorous 1576:1586 We argue that the relatively high calcium content of A. peregrina gum plays an important nutritional role in, balancing a diet that is otherwise rich in phosphorous and poor in calcium. 27813145 2 25 theme peregrina 356:364 arg1 Speg 371:374 Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg 342:374 Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg 342:374 This study characterizes the chemical composition of exudates, and the anatomy and hystochemistry of the secretory ducts in the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. 27813145 0 26 theme Feeding 0:6 arg1 composition 71:81 chemical composition 62:81 chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum 62:112 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 27813145 0 26 theme Feeding 0:6 arg1 habits 8:13 Feeding habits 0:13 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 0:113 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 27813145 0 26 theme Feeding 0:6 arg1 study 36:40 A case study 29:40 A case study of bark anatomy 29:56 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 27813145 12 27 from calcium 1600:1606 arg1 poor 1592:1595 poor 1592:1595 poor 1592:1595 We argue that the relatively high calcium content of A. peregrina gum plays an important nutritional role in, balancing a diet that is otherwise rich in phosphorous and poor in calcium. 27813145 12 28 theme gum 1489:1491 arg1 content 1465:1471 the relatively high calcium content 1437:1471 the relatively high calcium content of A. peregrina gum 1437:1491 We argue that the relatively high calcium content of A. peregrina gum plays an important nutritional role in, balancing a diet that is otherwise rich in phosphorous and poor in calcium. 27813145 11 29 dep mineral 1385:1391 arg1 % 1400:1400 Ca 0.4% 1394:1400 Ca 0.4% 1394:1400 The gum from the gouges exhibited high water (41.0%), carbohydrate (38.2%), protein (19.0%), and mineral (Ca 0.4% and K 0.3%) content. 27813145 11 29 dep mineral 1385:1391 arg1 % 1411:1411 K 0.3% 1406:1411 K 0.3% 1406:1411 The gum from the gouges exhibited high water (41.0%), carbohydrate (38.2%), protein (19.0%), and mineral (Ca 0.4% and K 0.3%) content. 27813145 2 30 theme Anadenanthera 342:354 arg1 Speg 371:374 Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg 342:374 Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg 342:374 This study characterizes the chemical composition of exudates, and the anatomy and hystochemistry of the secretory ducts in the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. 27813145 0 31 theme marmosets 18:26 arg1 composition 71:81 chemical composition 62:81 chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum 62:112 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 27813145 0 31 theme marmosets 18:26 arg1 habits 8:13 Feeding habits 0:13 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 0:113 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 27813145 0 31 theme marmosets 18:26 arg1 study 36:40 A case study 29:40 A case study of bark anatomy 29:56 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 27813145 0 32 theme gum 110:112 arg1 composition 71:81 chemical composition 62:81 chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum 62:112 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 27813145 0 32 theme gum 110:112 arg1 habits 8:13 Feeding habits 0:13 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 0:113 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 27813145 0 32 theme gum 110:112 arg1 study 36:40 A case study 29:40 A case study of bark anatomy 29:56 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 27813145 2 33 from bark 334:337 arg1 anatomy 277:283 anatomy 277:283 anatomy 277:283 This study characterizes the chemical composition of exudates, and the anatomy and hystochemistry of the secretory ducts in the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. 27813145 2 33 from bark 334:337 arg1 hystochemistry 289:302 hystochemistry 289:302 hystochemistry 289:302 This study characterizes the chemical composition of exudates, and the anatomy and hystochemistry of the secretory ducts in the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. 27813145 2 33 from bark 334:337 arg1 composition 244:254 the chemical composition 231:254 the chemical composition of exudates 231:266 This study characterizes the chemical composition of exudates, and the anatomy and hystochemistry of the secretory ducts in the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. 27813145 5 34 theme tree 423:426 arg1 species 428:434 this tree species 418:434 this tree species 418:434 Exudates from this tree species represent an important component of the diet of hybrid marmosets, Callithrix spp. 27813145 7 35 dep Gerais 740:745 arg1 State 747:751 State 747:751 State 747:751 A. peregrina was selected as the focal study tree because it is the only gum tree species exploited by Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 27813145 12 36 from poor 1592:1595 arg1 calcium 1600:1606 calcium 1600:1606 calcium 1600:1606 We argue that the relatively high calcium content of A. peregrina gum plays an important nutritional role in, balancing a diet that is otherwise rich in phosphorous and poor in calcium. 27813145 0 37 theme peregrina 100:108 arg1 gum 110:112 Anadenanthera peregrina gum 86:112 Anadenanthera peregrina gum 86:112 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 27813145 7 38 theme tree 616:619 arg1 it 597:598 it 597:598 it 597:598 A. peregrina was selected as the focal study tree because it is the only gum tree species exploited by Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 27813145 7 38 theme tree 616:619 arg1 species 621:627 the only gum tree species 603:627 the only gum tree species exploited by Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil 603:759 A. peregrina was selected as the focal study tree because it is the only gum tree species exploited by Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 27813145 9 39 theme ungouged 999:1006 arg1 peregrina 1011:1019 ungouged A. peregrina 999:1019 ungouged A. peregrina 999:1019 Constitutive secretory ducts were present in the bark of ungouged A. peregrina, whereas, marmoset damage caused induced secretory duct formation and an increase in the size of these ducts. 27813145 2 40 from composition 244:254 arg1 bark 334:337 the bark 330:337 the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg 330:374 This study characterizes the chemical composition of exudates, and the anatomy and hystochemistry of the secretory ducts in the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. 27813145 9 41 theme Constitutive 942:953 arg1 ducts 965:969 Constitutive secretory ducts 942:969 Constitutive secretory ducts 942:969 Constitutive secretory ducts were present in the bark of ungouged A. peregrina, whereas, marmoset damage caused induced secretory duct formation and an increase in the size of these ducts. 27813145 5 42 from species 428:434 arg1 Exudates 404:411 Exudates 404:411 Exudates from this tree species 404:434 Exudates from this tree species represent an important component of the diet of hybrid marmosets, Callithrix spp. 27813145 7 43 theme Gerais 740:745 arg1 municipality 710:721 the municipality 706:721 the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil 706:759 A. peregrina was selected as the focal study tree because it is the only gum tree species exploited by Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 27813145 2 44 theme Speg 371:374 arg1 bark 334:337 the bark 330:337 the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg 330:374 This study characterizes the chemical composition of exudates, and the anatomy and hystochemistry of the secretory ducts in the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. 27813145 12 45 from phosphorous 1576:1586 arg1 diet 1545:1548 a diet 1543:1548 a diet that is otherwise rich in phosphorous and poor in calcium 1543:1606 We argue that the relatively high calcium content of A. peregrina gum plays an important nutritional role in, balancing a diet that is otherwise rich in phosphorous and poor in calcium. 27813145 12 45 from phosphorous 1576:1586 arg1 rich 1568:1571 rich 1568:1571 rich 1568:1571 We argue that the relatively high calcium content of A. peregrina gum plays an important nutritional role in, balancing a diet that is otherwise rich in phosphorous and poor in calcium. 27813145 6 46 dep Primates 519:526 arg1 Cebidae 529:535 Cebidae 529:535 Primates: Cebidae 519:535 (Primates: Cebidae). 27813145 7 47 theme only 607:610 arg1 it 597:598 it 597:598 it 597:598 A. peregrina was selected as the focal study tree because it is the only gum tree species exploited by Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 27813145 7 47 theme only 607:610 arg1 species 621:627 the only gum tree species 603:627 the only gum tree species exploited by Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil 603:759 A. peregrina was selected as the focal study tree because it is the only gum tree species exploited by Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 27813145 5 48 theme marmosets 491:499 arg1 diet 476:479 the diet 472:479 the diet of hybrid marmosets 472:499 Exudates from this tree species represent an important component of the diet of hybrid marmosets, Callithrix spp. 27813145 1 49 theme family 189:194 arg1 Fabaceae 196:203 the family Fabaceae 185:203 the family Fabaceae 185:203 Primates of the genus Callithrix often obtain exudates from plants of the family Fabaceae. 27813145 9 50 theme duct 1072:1075 arg1 formation 1077:1085 induced secretory duct formation 1054:1085 induced secretory duct formation 1054:1085 Constitutive secretory ducts were present in the bark of ungouged A. peregrina, whereas, marmoset damage caused induced secretory duct formation and an increase in the size of these ducts. 27813145 7 51 theme gum 612:614 arg1 it 597:598 it 597:598 it 597:598 A. peregrina was selected as the focal study tree because it is the only gum tree species exploited by Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 27813145 7 51 theme gum 612:614 arg1 species 621:627 the only gum tree species 603:627 the only gum tree species exploited by Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil 603:759 A. peregrina was selected as the focal study tree because it is the only gum tree species exploited by Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 27813145 11 52 from gouges 1305:1310 arg1 gum 1292:1294 The gum 1288:1294 The gum from the gouges 1288:1310 The gum from the gouges exhibited high water (41.0%), carbohydrate (38.2%), protein (19.0%), and mineral (Ca 0.4% and K 0.3%) content. 27813145 9 53 theme peregrina 1011:1019 arg1 bark 991:994 the bark 987:994 the bark of ungouged A. peregrina 987:1019 Constitutive secretory ducts were present in the bark of ungouged A. peregrina, whereas, marmoset damage caused induced secretory duct formation and an increase in the size of these ducts. 27813145 2 54 theme ducts 321:325 arg1 anatomy 277:283 anatomy 277:283 anatomy 277:283 This study characterizes the chemical composition of exudates, and the anatomy and hystochemistry of the secretory ducts in the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. 27813145 2 54 theme ducts 321:325 arg1 hystochemistry 289:302 hystochemistry 289:302 hystochemistry 289:302 This study characterizes the chemical composition of exudates, and the anatomy and hystochemistry of the secretory ducts in the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. 27813145 2 54 theme ducts 321:325 arg1 composition 244:254 the chemical composition 231:254 the chemical composition of exudates 231:266 This study characterizes the chemical composition of exudates, and the anatomy and hystochemistry of the secretory ducts in the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. 27813145 0 55 theme case 31:34 arg1 habits 8:13 Feeding habits 0:13 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 0:113 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 27813145 0 55 theme case 31:34 arg1 study 36:40 A case study 29:40 A case study of bark anatomy 29:56 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 27813145 7 56 theme forest 686:691 arg1 fragments 693:701 five urban forest fragments 675:701 five urban forest fragments 675:701 A. peregrina was selected as the focal study tree because it is the only gum tree species exploited by Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 27813145 11 57 theme K 1406:1406 arg1 % 1411:1411 K 0.3% 1406:1411 K 0.3% 1406:1411 The gum from the gouges exhibited high water (41.0%), carbohydrate (38.2%), protein (19.0%), and mineral (Ca 0.4% and K 0.3%) content. 27813145 9 58 theme ducts 1124:1128 arg1 size 1110:1113 the size 1106:1113 the size of these ducts 1106:1128 Constitutive secretory ducts were present in the bark of ungouged A. peregrina, whereas, marmoset damage caused induced secretory duct formation and an increase in the size of these ducts. 27813145 9 59 from bark 991:994 arg1 present 976:982 present 976:982 present 976:982 Constitutive secretory ducts were present in the bark of ungouged A. peregrina, whereas, marmoset damage caused induced secretory duct formation and an increase in the size of these ducts. 27813145 8 60 theme bark 838:841 arg1 samples 843:849 bark samples 838:849 bark samples 838:849 Gum samples were obtained directly from gouges made by the marmosets, while bark samples were obtained from A. peregrina plants, whether or not they were damaged by the marmosets. 27813145 2 61 theme secretory 311:319 arg1 ducts 321:325 the secretory ducts 307:325 the secretory ducts in the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg 307:374 This study characterizes the chemical composition of exudates, and the anatomy and hystochemistry of the secretory ducts in the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. 27813145 12 62 theme high 1452:1455 arg1 content 1465:1471 the relatively high calcium content 1437:1471 the relatively high calcium content of A. peregrina gum 1437:1491 We argue that the relatively high calcium content of A. peregrina gum plays an important nutritional role in, balancing a diet that is otherwise rich in phosphorous and poor in calcium. 27813145 12 63 theme peregrina 1479:1487 arg1 gum 1489:1491 A. peregrina gum 1476:1491 A. peregrina gum 1476:1491 We argue that the relatively high calcium content of A. peregrina gum plays an important nutritional role in, balancing a diet that is otherwise rich in phosphorous and poor in calcium. 27813145 9 64 from increase 1094:1101 arg1 size 1110:1113 the size 1106:1113 the size of these ducts 1106:1128 Constitutive secretory ducts were present in the bark of ungouged A. peregrina, whereas, marmoset damage caused induced secretory duct formation and an increase in the size of these ducts. 27813145 9 65 from present 976:982 arg1 bark 991:994 the bark 987:994 the bark of ungouged A. peregrina 987:1019 Constitutive secretory ducts were present in the bark of ungouged A. peregrina, whereas, marmoset damage caused induced secretory duct formation and an increase in the size of these ducts. 27813145 9 66 theme secretory 1062:1070 arg1 formation 1077:1085 induced secretory duct formation 1054:1085 induced secretory duct formation 1054:1085 Constitutive secretory ducts were present in the bark of ungouged A. peregrina, whereas, marmoset damage caused induced secretory duct formation and an increase in the size of these ducts. 27813145 11 67 dep water 1327:1331 arg1 content 1414:1420 content 1414:1420 content 1414:1420 The gum from the gouges exhibited high water (41.0%), carbohydrate (38.2%), protein (19.0%), and mineral (Ca 0.4% and K 0.3%) content. 27813145 9 68 located present 976:982 arg1 bark 991:994 the bark 987:994 the bark of ungouged A. peregrina 987:1019 Constitutive secretory ducts were present in the bark of ungouged A. peregrina, whereas, marmoset damage caused induced secretory duct formation and an increase in the size of these ducts. 27813145 9 68 located present 976:982 arg2 ducts 965:969 Constitutive secretory ducts 942:969 Constitutive secretory ducts 942:969 Constitutive secretory ducts were present in the bark of ungouged A. peregrina, whereas, marmoset damage caused induced secretory duct formation and an increase in the size of these ducts. 27813145 1 69 theme Fabaceae 196:203 arg1 plants 175:180 plants 175:180 plants of the family Fabaceae 175:203 Primates of the genus Callithrix often obtain exudates from plants of the family Fabaceae. 27813145 9 70 theme marmoset 1031:1038 arg1 damage 1040:1045 marmoset damage 1031:1045 marmoset damage 1031:1045 Constitutive secretory ducts were present in the bark of ungouged A. peregrina, whereas, marmoset damage caused induced secretory duct formation and an increase in the size of these ducts. 27813145 2 71 theme chemical 235:242 arg1 composition 244:254 the chemical composition 231:254 the chemical composition of exudates 231:266 This study characterizes the chemical composition of exudates, and the anatomy and hystochemistry of the secretory ducts in the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. 27813145 11 72 theme Ca 1394:1395 arg1 % 1400:1400 Ca 0.4% 1394:1400 Ca 0.4% 1394:1400 The gum from the gouges exhibited high water (41.0%), carbohydrate (38.2%), protein (19.0%), and mineral (Ca 0.4% and K 0.3%) content. 27813145 11 73 theme high 1322:1325 arg1 water 1327:1331 high water 1322:1331 high water (41.0%) 1322:1339 The gum from the gouges exhibited high water (41.0%), carbohydrate (38.2%), protein (19.0%), and mineral (Ca 0.4% and K 0.3%) content. 27813145 11 73 theme high 1322:1325 arg1 % 1338:1338 41.0% 1334:1338 41.0% 1334:1338 The gum from the gouges exhibited high water (41.0%), carbohydrate (38.2%), protein (19.0%), and mineral (Ca 0.4% and K 0.3%) content. 27813145 7 74 theme urban 680:684 arg1 fragments 693:701 five urban forest fragments 675:701 five urban forest fragments 675:701 A. peregrina was selected as the focal study tree because it is the only gum tree species exploited by Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 27813145 0 75 theme bark 45:48 arg1 anatomy 50:56 bark anatomy 45:56 bark anatomy 45:56 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 27813145 9 76 theme secretory 955:963 arg1 ducts 965:969 Constitutive secretory ducts 942:969 Constitutive secretory ducts 942:969 Constitutive secretory ducts were present in the bark of ungouged A. peregrina, whereas, marmoset damage caused induced secretory duct formation and an increase in the size of these ducts. 27813145 0 77 dep habits 8:13 arg1 composition 71:81 chemical composition 62:81 chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum 62:112 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 27813145 0 77 dep habits 8:13 arg1 habits 8:13 Feeding habits 0:13 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 0:113 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 27813145 0 77 dep habits 8:13 arg1 study 36:40 A case study 29:40 A case study of bark anatomy 29:56 Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum. 27813145 5 78 theme diet 476:479 arg1 component 459:467 an important component 446:467 an important component of the diet of hybrid marmosets 446:499 Exudates from this tree species represent an important component of the diet of hybrid marmosets, Callithrix spp. 27813145 5 78 theme diet 476:479 arg1 spp 513:515 Callithrix spp 502:515 Callithrix spp 502:515 Exudates from this tree species represent an important component of the diet of hybrid marmosets, Callithrix spp. 27813145 12 79 theme calcium 1457:1463 arg1 content 1465:1471 the relatively high calcium content 1437:1471 the relatively high calcium content of A. peregrina gum 1437:1491 We argue that the relatively high calcium content of A. peregrina gum plays an important nutritional role in, balancing a diet that is otherwise rich in phosphorous and poor in calcium. 27813145 7 80 theme present 660:666 arg1 groups 653:658 Callithrix groups 642:658 Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments 642:701 A. peregrina was selected as the focal study tree because it is the only gum tree species exploited by Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 27813145 7 81 theme study 578:582 arg1 peregrina 542:550 A. peregrina 539:550 A. peregrina 539:550 A. peregrina was selected as the focal study tree because it is the only gum tree species exploited by Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 27813145 7 81 theme study 578:582 arg1 tree 584:587 the focal study tree 568:587 the focal study tree 568:587 A. peregrina was selected as the focal study tree because it is the only gum tree species exploited by Callithrix groups present within five urban forest fragments in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 27813145 9 82 from formation 1077:1085 arg1 size 1110:1113 the size 1106:1113 the size of these ducts 1106:1128 Constitutive secretory ducts were present in the bark of ungouged A. peregrina, whereas, marmoset damage caused induced secretory duct formation and an increase in the size of these ducts. 27813145 2 83 from anatomy 277:283 arg1 bark 334:337 the bark 330:337 the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg 330:374 This study characterizes the chemical composition of exudates, and the anatomy and hystochemistry of the secretory ducts in the bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. 25275936 0 0 theme bioactive 100:108 arg1 molecules 110:118 delicate bioactive molecules 91:118 delicate bioactive molecules 91:118 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers as versatile delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules: an application for ocular gene silencing. 25275936 3 1 theme bioactive 750:758 arg1 factors 784:790 growth factors 777:790 growth factors 777:790 The initial first generation of these delivery platforms, based on glycosaminoglycans and other polysaccharides, showed a very high association capacity for some delicate bioactive proteins such as growth factors, but a limited capacity to associate negatively charged molecules, such as pDNA and siRNA. 25275936 3 1 theme bioactive 750:758 arg1 proteins 760:767 some delicate bioactive proteins 736:767 some delicate bioactive proteins such as growth factors 736:790 The initial first generation of these delivery platforms, based on glycosaminoglycans and other polysaccharides, showed a very high association capacity for some delicate bioactive proteins such as growth factors, but a limited capacity to associate negatively charged molecules, such as pDNA and siRNA. 25275936 2 2 theme anionic 506:512 arg1 ABs 527:529 ABs 527:529 ABs 527:529 The design of these nanosystems was specifically based on our recent finding about the ability of endogenous polyamine spermine (SPM) to interact with anionic biopolymers (ABs) generating ionically cross-linked nanosystems. 25275936 2 2 theme anionic 506:512 arg1 biopolymers 514:524 anionic biopolymers 506:524 anionic biopolymers (ABs) generating ionically cross-linked nanosystems 506:576 The design of these nanosystems was specifically based on our recent finding about the ability of endogenous polyamine spermine (SPM) to interact with anionic biopolymers (ABs) generating ionically cross-linked nanosystems. 25275936 4 3 from versatility 896:906 arg1 terms 932:936 terms 932:936 terms of composition 932:951 However, the versatility of these nanosystems in terms of composition allowed us to customise the association of active ingredients and their physicochemical characteristics. 25275936 1 4 theme versatile 278:286 arg1 Nanoparticles 163:175 Nanoparticles 163:175 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers 163:216 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers, most of them endogenous macromolecules, were designed as a versatile generation of delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules. 25275936 1 4 theme versatile 278:286 arg1 generation 288:297 a versatile generation 276:297 a versatile generation of delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules 276:352 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers, most of them endogenous macromolecules, were designed as a versatile generation of delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules. 25275936 2 5 theme cross-linked 553:564 arg1 nanosystems 566:576 ionically cross-linked nanosystems 543:576 ionically cross-linked nanosystems 543:576 The design of these nanosystems was specifically based on our recent finding about the ability of endogenous polyamine spermine (SPM) to interact with anionic biopolymers (ABs) generating ionically cross-linked nanosystems. 25275936 7 6 theme corneal 1501:1507 arg1 tissues 1526:1532 corneal and conjunctival tissues 1501:1532 tissues 1526:1532 The biological evaluation of these optimised nanosystems revealed that they are able to be internalised in vivo into corneal and conjunctival tissues and also to provide a significant siRNA gene silencing effect. 25275936 7 7 theme biological 1388:1397 arg1 evaluation 1399:1408 The biological evaluation 1384:1408 The biological evaluation of these optimised nanosystems 1384:1439 The biological evaluation of these optimised nanosystems revealed that they are able to be internalised in vivo into corneal and conjunctival tissues and also to provide a significant siRNA gene silencing effect. 25275936 7 8 theme nanosystems 1429:1439 arg1 evaluation 1399:1408 The biological evaluation 1384:1408 The biological evaluation of these optimised nanosystems 1384:1439 The biological evaluation of these optimised nanosystems revealed that they are able to be internalised in vivo into corneal and conjunctival tissues and also to provide a significant siRNA gene silencing effect. 25275936 5 9 dep incorporated 1086:1097 arg1 CGsp 1134:1137 CGsp 1134:1137 CGsp 1134:1137 Concretely, we prepared and incorporated gelatine cationized with spermine (CGsp) to their composition. 25275936 3 10 theme initial 583:589 arg1 generation 597:606 The initial first generation 579:606 The initial first generation 579:606 The initial first generation of these delivery platforms, based on glycosaminoglycans and other polysaccharides, showed a very high association capacity for some delicate bioactive proteins such as growth factors, but a limited capacity to associate negatively charged molecules, such as pDNA and siRNA. 25275936 7 11 theme silencing 1579:1587 arg1 effect 1589:1594 a significant siRNA gene silencing effect 1554:1594 a significant siRNA gene silencing effect 1554:1594 The biological evaluation of these optimised nanosystems revealed that they are able to be internalised in vivo into corneal and conjunctival tissues and also to provide a significant siRNA gene silencing effect. 25275936 6 12 theme acids 1377:1381 arg1 association 1354:1364 an efficient association 1341:1364 an efficient association of nucleic acids 1341:1381 The resulting modified formulations were characterised by a nanometric size (150-340 nm) and offer the possibility to modulate their zeta potential (from -35 to 28 mV), providing an efficient association of nucleic acids. 25275936 3 13 theme growth 777:782 arg1 factors 784:790 growth factors 777:790 growth factors 777:790 The initial first generation of these delivery platforms, based on glycosaminoglycans and other polysaccharides, showed a very high association capacity for some delicate bioactive proteins such as growth factors, but a limited capacity to associate negatively charged molecules, such as pDNA and siRNA. 25275936 1 14 theme naturally-occurring 186:204 arg1 biopolymers 206:216 naturally-occurring biopolymers 186:216 naturally-occurring biopolymers 186:216 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers, most of them endogenous macromolecules, were designed as a versatile generation of delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules. 25275936 6 15 theme nucleic 1369:1375 arg1 acids 1377:1381 nucleic acids 1369:1381 nucleic acids 1369:1381 The resulting modified formulations were characterised by a nanometric size (150-340 nm) and offer the possibility to modulate their zeta potential (from -35 to 28 mV), providing an efficient association of nucleic acids. 25275936 6 16 theme nanometric 1222:1231 arg1 size 1233:1236 a nanometric size 1220:1236 a nanometric size (150-340 nm) 1220:1249 The resulting modified formulations were characterised by a nanometric size (150-340 nm) and offer the possibility to modulate their zeta potential (from -35 to 28 mV), providing an efficient association of nucleic acids. 25275936 6 16 theme nanometric 1222:1231 arg1 nm 1247:1248 150-340 nm 1239:1248 150-340 nm 1239:1248 The resulting modified formulations were characterised by a nanometric size (150-340 nm) and offer the possibility to modulate their zeta potential (from -35 to 28 mV), providing an efficient association of nucleic acids. 25275936 6 17 dep 28 1323:1324 arg1 to 1320:1321 to 1320:1321 to 1320:1321 The resulting modified formulations were characterised by a nanometric size (150-340 nm) and offer the possibility to modulate their zeta potential (from -35 to 28 mV), providing an efficient association of nucleic acids. 25275936 7 18 theme gene 1574:1577 arg1 effect 1589:1594 a significant siRNA gene silencing effect 1554:1594 a significant siRNA gene silencing effect 1554:1594 The biological evaluation of these optimised nanosystems revealed that they are able to be internalised in vivo into corneal and conjunctival tissues and also to provide a significant siRNA gene silencing effect. 25275936 0 19 theme delicate 91:98 arg1 molecules 110:118 delicate bioactive molecules 91:118 delicate bioactive molecules 91:118 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers as versatile delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules: an application for ocular gene silencing. 25275936 6 20 theme zeta 1295:1298 arg1 potential 1300:1308 their zeta potential 1289:1308 their zeta potential (from -35 to 28 mV) 1289:1328 The resulting modified formulations were characterised by a nanometric size (150-340 nm) and offer the possibility to modulate their zeta potential (from -35 to 28 mV), providing an efficient association of nucleic acids. 25275936 6 20 theme zeta 1295:1298 arg1 mV 1326:1327 from -35 to 28 mV 1311:1327 from -35 to 28 mV 1311:1327 The resulting modified formulations were characterised by a nanometric size (150-340 nm) and offer the possibility to modulate their zeta potential (from -35 to 28 mV), providing an efficient association of nucleic acids. 25275936 2 21 theme recent 417:422 arg1 finding 424:430 our recent finding 413:430 our recent finding 413:430 The design of these nanosystems was specifically based on our recent finding about the ability of endogenous polyamine spermine (SPM) to interact with anionic biopolymers (ABs) generating ionically cross-linked nanosystems. 25275936 1 22 theme delivery 302:309 arg1 platforms 311:319 delivery platforms 302:319 delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules 302:352 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers, most of them endogenous macromolecules, were designed as a versatile generation of delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules. 25275936 7 23 theme conjunctival 1513:1524 arg1 tissues 1526:1532 corneal and conjunctival tissues 1501:1532 tissues 1526:1532 The biological evaluation of these optimised nanosystems revealed that they are able to be internalised in vivo into corneal and conjunctival tissues and also to provide a significant siRNA gene silencing effect. 25275936 1 24 theme most 219:222 arg1 Nanoparticles 163:175 Nanoparticles 163:175 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers 163:216 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers, most of them endogenous macromolecules, were designed as a versatile generation of delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules. 25275936 1 24 theme most 219:222 arg1 macromolecules 243:256 most of them endogenous macromolecules 219:256 most of them endogenous macromolecules 219:256 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers, most of them endogenous macromolecules, were designed as a versatile generation of delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules. 25275936 2 25 theme spermine 474:481 arg1 ability 442:448 the ability 438:448 the ability of endogenous polyamine spermine (SPM) to interact with anionic biopolymers (ABs) generating ionically cross-linked nanosystems 438:576 The design of these nanosystems was specifically based on our recent finding about the ability of endogenous polyamine spermine (SPM) to interact with anionic biopolymers (ABs) generating ionically cross-linked nanosystems. 25275936 1 26 theme platforms 311:319 arg1 Nanoparticles 163:175 Nanoparticles 163:175 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers 163:216 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers, most of them endogenous macromolecules, were designed as a versatile generation of delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules. 25275936 1 26 theme platforms 311:319 arg1 generation 288:297 a versatile generation 276:297 a versatile generation of delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules 276:352 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers, most of them endogenous macromolecules, were designed as a versatile generation of delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules. 25275936 0 27 theme ocular 140:145 arg1 silencing 152:160 ocular gene silencing 140:160 ocular gene silencing 140:160 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers as versatile delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules: an application for ocular gene silencing. 25275936 3 28 theme first 591:595 arg1 generation 597:606 The initial first generation 579:606 The initial first generation 579:606 The initial first generation of these delivery platforms, based on glycosaminoglycans and other polysaccharides, showed a very high association capacity for some delicate bioactive proteins such as growth factors, but a limited capacity to associate negatively charged molecules, such as pDNA and siRNA. 25275936 2 29 theme endogenous 453:462 arg1 SPM 484:486 SPM 484:486 SPM 484:486 The design of these nanosystems was specifically based on our recent finding about the ability of endogenous polyamine spermine (SPM) to interact with anionic biopolymers (ABs) generating ionically cross-linked nanosystems. 25275936 2 29 theme endogenous 453:462 arg1 spermine 474:481 endogenous polyamine spermine 453:481 endogenous polyamine spermine (SPM) 453:487 The design of these nanosystems was specifically based on our recent finding about the ability of endogenous polyamine spermine (SPM) to interact with anionic biopolymers (ABs) generating ionically cross-linked nanosystems. 25275936 2 30 theme polyamine 464:472 arg1 SPM 484:486 SPM 484:486 SPM 484:486 The design of these nanosystems was specifically based on our recent finding about the ability of endogenous polyamine spermine (SPM) to interact with anionic biopolymers (ABs) generating ionically cross-linked nanosystems. 25275936 2 30 theme polyamine 464:472 arg1 spermine 474:481 endogenous polyamine spermine 453:481 endogenous polyamine spermine (SPM) 453:487 The design of these nanosystems was specifically based on our recent finding about the ability of endogenous polyamine spermine (SPM) to interact with anionic biopolymers (ABs) generating ionically cross-linked nanosystems. 25275936 4 31 theme composition 941:951 arg1 terms 932:936 terms 932:936 terms of composition 932:951 However, the versatility of these nanosystems in terms of composition allowed us to customise the association of active ingredients and their physicochemical characteristics. 25275936 7 32 theme significant 1556:1566 arg1 effect 1589:1594 a significant siRNA gene silencing effect 1554:1594 a significant siRNA gene silencing effect 1554:1594 The biological evaluation of these optimised nanosystems revealed that they are able to be internalised in vivo into corneal and conjunctival tissues and also to provide a significant siRNA gene silencing effect. 25275936 0 33 dep platforms 77:85 arg1 application 124:134 an application 121:134 versatile delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules: an application for ocular gene silencing 58:160 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers as versatile delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules: an application for ocular gene silencing. 25275936 4 34 theme characteristics 1041:1055 arg1 association 981:991 the association 977:991 the association of active ingredients and their physicochemical characteristics 977:1055 However, the versatility of these nanosystems in terms of composition allowed us to customise the association of active ingredients and their physicochemical characteristics. 25275936 1 35 theme delicate 325:332 arg1 molecules 344:352 delicate bioactive molecules 325:352 delicate bioactive molecules 325:352 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers, most of them endogenous macromolecules, were designed as a versatile generation of delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules. 25275936 6 36 theme efficient 1344:1352 arg1 association 1354:1364 an efficient association 1341:1364 an efficient association of nucleic acids 1341:1381 The resulting modified formulations were characterised by a nanometric size (150-340 nm) and offer the possibility to modulate their zeta potential (from -35 to 28 mV), providing an efficient association of nucleic acids. 25275936 7 37 theme siRNA 1568:1572 arg1 effect 1589:1594 a significant siRNA gene silencing effect 1554:1594 a significant siRNA gene silencing effect 1554:1594 The biological evaluation of these optimised nanosystems revealed that they are able to be internalised in vivo into corneal and conjunctival tissues and also to provide a significant siRNA gene silencing effect. 25275936 1 38 theme endogenous 232:241 arg1 Nanoparticles 163:175 Nanoparticles 163:175 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers 163:216 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers, most of them endogenous macromolecules, were designed as a versatile generation of delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules. 25275936 1 38 theme endogenous 232:241 arg1 macromolecules 243:256 most of them endogenous macromolecules 219:256 most of them endogenous macromolecules 219:256 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers, most of them endogenous macromolecules, were designed as a versatile generation of delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules. 25275936 4 39 theme physicochemical 1025:1039 arg1 characteristics 1041:1055 their physicochemical characteristics 1019:1055 their physicochemical characteristics 1019:1055 However, the versatility of these nanosystems in terms of composition allowed us to customise the association of active ingredients and their physicochemical characteristics. 25275936 1 40 theme bioactive 334:342 arg1 molecules 344:352 delicate bioactive molecules 325:352 delicate bioactive molecules 325:352 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers, most of them endogenous macromolecules, were designed as a versatile generation of delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules. 25275936 0 41 theme gene 147:150 arg1 silencing 152:160 ocular gene silencing 140:160 ocular gene silencing 140:160 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers as versatile delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules: an application for ocular gene silencing. 25275936 0 42 theme naturally-occurring 23:41 arg1 biopolymers 43:53 naturally-occurring biopolymers 23:53 naturally-occurring biopolymers as versatile delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules: an application for ocular gene silencing 23:160 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers as versatile delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules: an application for ocular gene silencing. 25275936 0 43 theme delivery 68:75 arg1 platforms 77:85 versatile delivery platforms 58:85 versatile delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules: an application for ocular gene silencing 58:160 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers as versatile delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules: an application for ocular gene silencing. 25275936 3 44 theme delivery 617:624 arg1 platforms 626:634 these delivery platforms 611:634 these delivery platforms 611:634 The initial first generation of these delivery platforms, based on glycosaminoglycans and other polysaccharides, showed a very high association capacity for some delicate bioactive proteins such as growth factors, but a limited capacity to associate negatively charged molecules, such as pDNA and siRNA. 25275936 2 45 theme nanosystems 375:385 arg1 design 359:364 The design 355:364 The design of these nanosystems 355:385 The design of these nanosystems was specifically based on our recent finding about the ability of endogenous polyamine spermine (SPM) to interact with anionic biopolymers (ABs) generating ionically cross-linked nanosystems. 25275936 0 46 theme versatile 58:66 arg1 platforms 77:85 versatile delivery platforms 58:85 versatile delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules: an application for ocular gene silencing 58:160 Nanoparticles based on naturally-occurring biopolymers as versatile delivery platforms for delicate bioactive molecules: an application for ocular gene silencing. 25275936 3 47 theme limited 799:805 arg1 capacity 807:814 a limited capacity to associate negatively charged molecules, such as pDNA and siRNA 797:880 a limited capacity to associate negatively charged molecules, such as pDNA and siRNA 797:880 The initial first generation of these delivery platforms, based on glycosaminoglycans and other polysaccharides, showed a very high association capacity for some delicate bioactive proteins such as growth factors, but a limited capacity to associate negatively charged molecules, such as pDNA and siRNA. 25275936 4 48 theme nanosystems 917:927 arg1 versatility 896:906 the versatility 892:906 the versatility of these nanosystems in terms of composition 892:951 However, the versatility of these nanosystems in terms of composition allowed us to customise the association of active ingredients and their physicochemical characteristics. 25275936 3 49 theme association 711:721 arg1 capacity 723:730 a very high association capacity 699:730 a very high association capacity for some delicate bioactive proteins such as growth factors 699:790 The initial first generation of these delivery platforms, based on glycosaminoglycans and other polysaccharides, showed a very high association capacity for some delicate bioactive proteins such as growth factors, but a limited capacity to associate negatively charged molecules, such as pDNA and siRNA. 25275936 3 50 theme platforms 626:634 arg1 generation 597:606 The initial first generation 579:606 The initial first generation 579:606 The initial first generation of these delivery platforms, based on glycosaminoglycans and other polysaccharides, showed a very high association capacity for some delicate bioactive proteins such as growth factors, but a limited capacity to associate negatively charged molecules, such as pDNA and siRNA. 25275936 6 51 theme modified 1176:1183 arg1 formulations 1185:1196 The resulting modified formulations 1162:1196 The resulting modified formulations 1162:1196 The resulting modified formulations were characterised by a nanometric size (150-340 nm) and offer the possibility to modulate their zeta potential (from -35 to 28 mV), providing an efficient association of nucleic acids. 25275936 6 52 theme resulting 1166:1174 arg1 formulations 1185:1196 The resulting modified formulations 1162:1196 The resulting modified formulations 1162:1196 The resulting modified formulations were characterised by a nanometric size (150-340 nm) and offer the possibility to modulate their zeta potential (from -35 to 28 mV), providing an efficient association of nucleic acids. 25275936 7 53 theme optimised 1419:1427 arg1 nanosystems 1429:1439 these optimised nanosystems 1413:1439 these optimised nanosystems 1413:1439 The biological evaluation of these optimised nanosystems revealed that they are able to be internalised in vivo into corneal and conjunctival tissues and also to provide a significant siRNA gene silencing effect. 25275936 3 54 theme other 669:673 arg1 polysaccharides 675:689 other polysaccharides 669:689 other polysaccharides 669:689 The initial first generation of these delivery platforms, based on glycosaminoglycans and other polysaccharides, showed a very high association capacity for some delicate bioactive proteins such as growth factors, but a limited capacity to associate negatively charged molecules, such as pDNA and siRNA. 25275936 7 55 dep able 1464:1467 arg1 internalised 1475:1486 internalised 1475:1486 to be internalised in vivo into corneal and conjunctival tissues 1469:1532 The biological evaluation of these optimised nanosystems revealed that they are able to be internalised in vivo into corneal and conjunctival tissues and also to provide a significant siRNA gene silencing effect. 25275936 7 55 dep able 1464:1467 arg1 provide 1546:1552 provide 1546:1552 also to provide a significant siRNA gene silencing effect 1538:1594 The biological evaluation of these optimised nanosystems revealed that they are able to be internalised in vivo into corneal and conjunctival tissues and also to provide a significant siRNA gene silencing effect. 25275936 4 56 theme ingredients 1003:1013 arg1 association 981:991 the association 977:991 the association of active ingredients and their physicochemical characteristics 977:1055 However, the versatility of these nanosystems in terms of composition allowed us to customise the association of active ingredients and their physicochemical characteristics. 25275936 3 57 theme high 706:709 arg1 capacity 723:730 a very high association capacity 699:730 a very high association capacity for some delicate bioactive proteins such as growth factors 699:790 The initial first generation of these delivery platforms, based on glycosaminoglycans and other polysaccharides, showed a very high association capacity for some delicate bioactive proteins such as growth factors, but a limited capacity to associate negatively charged molecules, such as pDNA and siRNA. 25275936 4 58 theme active 996:1001 arg1 ingredients 1003:1013 active ingredients 996:1013 active ingredients 996:1013 However, the versatility of these nanosystems in terms of composition allowed us to customise the association of active ingredients and their physicochemical characteristics. 25275936 3 59 theme delicate 741:748 arg1 factors 784:790 growth factors 777:790 growth factors 777:790 The initial first generation of these delivery platforms, based on glycosaminoglycans and other polysaccharides, showed a very high association capacity for some delicate bioactive proteins such as growth factors, but a limited capacity to associate negatively charged molecules, such as pDNA and siRNA. 25275936 3 59 theme delicate 741:748 arg1 proteins 760:767 some delicate bioactive proteins 736:767 some delicate bioactive proteins such as growth factors 736:790 The initial first generation of these delivery platforms, based on glycosaminoglycans and other polysaccharides, showed a very high association capacity for some delicate bioactive proteins such as growth factors, but a limited capacity to associate negatively charged molecules, such as pDNA and siRNA. 25275936 2 60 link cross-linked 553:564 arg1 nanosystems 566:576 ionically cross-linked nanosystems 543:576 ionically cross-linked nanosystems 543:576 The design of these nanosystems was specifically based on our recent finding about the ability of endogenous polyamine spermine (SPM) to interact with anionic biopolymers (ABs) generating ionically cross-linked nanosystems. 25275936 3 61 theme charged 840:846 arg1 molecules 848:856 negatively charged molecules 829:856 negatively charged molecules 829:856 The initial first generation of these delivery platforms, based on glycosaminoglycans and other polysaccharides, showed a very high association capacity for some delicate bioactive proteins such as growth factors, but a limited capacity to associate negatively charged molecules, such as pDNA and siRNA. 25275936 3 61 theme charged 840:846 arg1 siRNA 876:880 siRNA 876:880 siRNA 876:880 The initial first generation of these delivery platforms, based on glycosaminoglycans and other polysaccharides, showed a very high association capacity for some delicate bioactive proteins such as growth factors, but a limited capacity to associate negatively charged molecules, such as pDNA and siRNA. 25275936 3 61 theme charged 840:846 arg1 pDNA 867:870 pDNA 867:870 pDNA 867:870 The initial first generation of these delivery platforms, based on glycosaminoglycans and other polysaccharides, showed a very high association capacity for some delicate bioactive proteins such as growth factors, but a limited capacity to associate negatively charged molecules, such as pDNA and siRNA. 24891503 0 0 theme cell 74:77 arg1 proteins 87:94 model cell surface proteins 68:94 model cell surface proteins 68:94 Roles for trafficking and O-linked glycosylation in the turnover of model cell surface proteins. 24891503 4 1 theme SNAP-Tac 655:662 arg1 fusions 664:670 SNAP-Tac fusions 655:670 SNAP-Tac fusions 655:670 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions were influenced by their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains. 24891503 2 2 theme multiprotein 342:353 arg1 complexes 372:380 multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes 342:380 multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes 342:380 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 0 3 theme model 68:72 arg1 proteins 87:94 model cell surface proteins 68:94 model cell surface proteins 68:94 Roles for trafficking and O-linked glycosylation in the turnover of model cell surface proteins. 24891503 3 4 theme labeling 516:523 arg1 system 525:530 the SNAP-tag labeling system 503:530 the SNAP-tag labeling system 503:530 Using the SNAP-tag labeling system, we examined the turnover of a model PM protein, the α chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (Tac). 24891503 0 5 theme proteins 87:94 arg1 turnover 56:63 the turnover 52:63 the turnover of model cell surface proteins 52:94 Roles for trafficking and O-linked glycosylation in the turnover of model cell surface proteins. 24891503 0 6 from Roles 0:4 arg1 turnover 56:63 the turnover 52:63 the turnover of model cell surface proteins 52:94 Roles for trafficking and O-linked glycosylation in the turnover of model cell surface proteins. 24891503 2 7 theme post-translational 268:285 arg1 modifications 287:299 post-translational modifications 268:299 post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination) 268:321 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 0 8 theme surface 79:85 arg1 proteins 87:94 model cell surface proteins 68:94 model cell surface proteins 68:94 Roles for trafficking and O-linked glycosylation in the turnover of model cell surface proteins. 24891503 4 9 theme ubiquitination 866:879 arg1 mode 697:700 their mode 691:700 their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains 691:906 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions were influenced by their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains. 24891503 3 10 theme SNAP-tag 507:514 arg1 system 525:530 the SNAP-tag labeling system 503:530 the SNAP-tag labeling system 503:530 Using the SNAP-tag labeling system, we examined the turnover of a model PM protein, the α chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (Tac). 24891503 6 11 theme distinct 1105:1112 arg1 mechanisms 1123:1132 distinct parallel mechanisms 1105:1132 distinct parallel mechanisms 1105:1132 For a number of PM proteins, delivery to lysosomes and ectodomain shedding represent distinct parallel mechanisms to determine protein half-life. 24891503 4 12 theme fusions 664:670 arg1 lifetimes 642:650 The surface lifetimes 630:650 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions 630:670 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions were influenced by their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains. 24891503 4 13 dep cells 716:720 arg1 clathrin-dependent 723:740 clathrin-dependent 723:740 clathrin-dependent 723:740 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions were influenced by their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains. 24891503 4 13 dep cells 716:720 arg1 clathrin-independent 749:768 clathrin-independent 749:768 clathrin-independent 749:768 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions were influenced by their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains. 24891503 6 14 theme ectodomain 1075:1084 arg1 shedding 1086:1093 ectodomain shedding 1075:1093 ectodomain shedding 1075:1093 For a number of PM proteins, delivery to lysosomes and ectodomain shedding represent distinct parallel mechanisms to determine protein half-life. 24891503 4 15 theme entry 705:709 arg1 mode 697:700 their mode 691:700 their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains 691:906 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions were influenced by their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains. 24891503 2 16 theme proteins 258:265 arg1 assembly 328:335 assembly 328:335 assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes 328:380 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 2 16 theme proteins 258:265 arg1 domains 233:239 the cytoplasmic domains 217:239 the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes 217:380 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 2 16 theme proteins 258:265 arg1 proteins 258:265 transmembrane proteins 244:265 transmembrane proteins 244:265 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 2 16 theme proteins 258:265 arg1 modifications 287:299 post-translational modifications 268:299 post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination) 268:321 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 6 17 theme PM 1036:1037 arg1 proteins 1039:1046 PM proteins 1036:1046 PM proteins 1036:1046 For a number of PM proteins, delivery to lysosomes and ectodomain shedding represent distinct parallel mechanisms to determine protein half-life. 24891503 2 18 theme transmembrane 244:256 arg1 proteins 258:265 transmembrane proteins 244:265 transmembrane proteins 244:265 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 1 19 theme cells 146:150 arg1 PM 139:140 PM 139:140 PM 139:140 Proteins targeted to the plasma membrane (PM) of cells are degraded at different rates. 24891503 1 19 theme cells 146:150 arg1 membrane 129:136 the plasma membrane 118:136 the plasma membrane (PM) of cells 118:150 Proteins targeted to the plasma membrane (PM) of cells are degraded at different rates. 24891503 5 20 link O-linked 989:996 arg1 status 1012:1017 its O-linked glycosylation status 985:1017 its O-linked glycosylation status 985:1017 In addition, shedding of SNAP-Tac into the medium was greatly influenced by its O-linked glycosylation status. 24891503 5 21 theme O-linked 989:996 arg1 status 1012:1017 its O-linked glycosylation status 985:1017 its O-linked glycosylation status 985:1017 In addition, shedding of SNAP-Tac into the medium was greatly influenced by its O-linked glycosylation status. 24891503 3 22 theme model 563:567 arg1 protein 572:578 a model PM protein 561:578 a model PM protein 561:578 Using the SNAP-tag labeling system, we examined the turnover of a model PM protein, the α chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (Tac). 24891503 3 22 theme model 563:567 arg1 chain 587:591 the α chain 581:591 the α chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (Tac) 581:627 Using the SNAP-tag labeling system, we examined the turnover of a model PM protein, the α chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (Tac). 24891503 4 23 from entry 705:709 arg1 domains 900:906 their cytosolic domains 884:906 their cytosolic domains 884:906 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions were influenced by their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains. 24891503 4 23 from entry 705:709 arg1 PM 797:798 the PM 793:798 the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored) 793:859 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions were influenced by their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains. 24891503 3 24 theme PM 569:570 arg1 protein 572:578 a model PM protein 561:578 a model PM protein 561:578 Using the SNAP-tag labeling system, we examined the turnover of a model PM protein, the α chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (Tac). 24891503 3 24 theme PM 569:570 arg1 chain 587:591 the α chain 581:591 the α chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (Tac) 581:627 Using the SNAP-tag labeling system, we examined the turnover of a model PM protein, the α chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (Tac). 24891503 4 25 theme surface 634:640 arg1 lifetimes 642:650 The surface lifetimes 630:650 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions 630:670 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions were influenced by their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains. 24891503 2 26 theme recycling 431:439 arg1 efficiency 401:410 the efficiency 397:410 the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling 397:439 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 4 27 theme orientation 778:788 arg1 mode 697:700 their mode 691:700 their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains 691:906 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions were influenced by their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains. 24891503 0 28 link O-linked 26:33 arg1 glycosylation 35:47 O-linked glycosylation 26:47 O-linked glycosylation 26:47 Roles for trafficking and O-linked glycosylation in the turnover of model cell surface proteins. 24891503 6 29 theme protein 1147:1153 arg1 half-life 1155:1163 protein half-life 1147:1163 protein half-life 1147:1163 For a number of PM proteins, delivery to lysosomes and ectodomain shedding represent distinct parallel mechanisms to determine protein half-life. 24891503 2 30 theme endocytosis 415:425 arg1 efficiency 401:410 the efficiency 397:410 the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling 397:439 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 5 31 theme SNAP-Tac 934:941 arg1 shedding 922:929 shedding 922:929 shedding of SNAP-Tac into the medium 922:957 In addition, shedding of SNAP-Tac into the medium was greatly influenced by its O-linked glycosylation status. 24891503 4 32 from ubiquitination 866:879 arg1 domains 900:906 their cytosolic domains 884:906 their cytosolic domains 884:906 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions were influenced by their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains. 24891503 4 32 from ubiquitination 866:879 arg1 PM 797:798 the PM 793:798 the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored) 793:859 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions were influenced by their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains. 24891503 2 33 theme modifications 287:299 arg1 assembly 328:335 assembly 328:335 assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes 328:380 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 2 33 theme modifications 287:299 arg1 domains 233:239 the cytoplasmic domains 217:239 the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes 217:380 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 2 33 theme modifications 287:299 arg1 proteins 258:265 transmembrane proteins 244:265 transmembrane proteins 244:265 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 2 33 theme modifications 287:299 arg1 modifications 287:299 post-translational modifications 268:299 post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination) 268:321 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 1 34 theme different 168:176 arg1 rates 178:182 different rates 168:182 different rates 168:182 Proteins targeted to the plasma membrane (PM) of cells are degraded at different rates. 24891503 2 35 theme degradative 471:481 arg1 compartments 483:494 degradative compartments 471:494 degradative compartments 471:494 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 0 36 theme O-linked 26:33 arg1 glycosylation 35:47 O-linked glycosylation 26:47 O-linked glycosylation 26:47 Roles for trafficking and O-linked glycosylation in the turnover of model cell surface proteins. 24891503 3 37 theme receptor 614:621 arg1 protein 572:578 a model PM protein 561:578 a model PM protein 561:578 Using the SNAP-tag labeling system, we examined the turnover of a model PM protein, the α chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (Tac). 24891503 3 37 theme receptor 614:621 arg1 chain 587:591 the α chain 581:591 the α chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (Tac) 581:627 Using the SNAP-tag labeling system, we examined the turnover of a model PM protein, the α chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (Tac). 24891503 3 38 theme α 585:585 arg1 protein 572:578 a model PM protein 561:578 a model PM protein 561:578 Using the SNAP-tag labeling system, we examined the turnover of a model PM protein, the α chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (Tac). 24891503 3 38 theme α 585:585 arg1 chain 587:591 the α chain 581:591 the α chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (Tac) 581:627 Using the SNAP-tag labeling system, we examined the turnover of a model PM protein, the α chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (Tac). 24891503 4 39 theme cytosolic 890:898 arg1 domains 900:906 their cytosolic domains 884:906 their cytosolic domains 884:906 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions were influenced by their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains. 24891503 3 40 theme protein 572:578 arg1 turnover 549:556 the turnover 545:556 the turnover of a model PM protein, the α chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (Tac) 545:627 Using the SNAP-tag labeling system, we examined the turnover of a model PM protein, the α chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (Tac). 24891503 4 41 from PM 797:798 arg1 mode 697:700 their mode 691:700 their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains 691:906 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions were influenced by their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains. 24891503 2 42 theme assembly 328:335 arg1 assembly 328:335 assembly 328:335 assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes 328:380 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 2 42 theme assembly 328:335 arg1 domains 233:239 the cytoplasmic domains 217:239 the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes 217:380 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 2 42 theme assembly 328:335 arg1 proteins 258:265 transmembrane proteins 244:265 transmembrane proteins 244:265 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 2 42 theme assembly 328:335 arg1 modifications 287:299 post-translational modifications 268:299 post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination) 268:321 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 4 43 dep PM 797:798 arg1 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored 822:858 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored 822:858 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored 822:858 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions were influenced by their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains. 24891503 4 43 dep PM 797:798 arg1 transmembrane 801:813 transmembrane 801:813 transmembrane 801:813 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions were influenced by their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains. 24891503 2 44 theme Sorting 185:191 arg1 motifs 193:198 Sorting motifs 185:198 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes 185:380 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 4 45 from mode 697:700 arg1 domains 900:906 their cytosolic domains 884:906 their cytosolic domains 884:906 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions were influenced by their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains. 24891503 4 45 from mode 697:700 arg1 PM 797:798 the PM 793:798 the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored) 793:859 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions were influenced by their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains. 24891503 4 46 from domains 900:906 arg1 mode 697:700 their mode 691:700 their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains 691:906 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions were influenced by their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains. 24891503 2 47 dep ubiquitination 307:320 arg1 e.g. 302:305 e.g. 302:305 e.g. 302:305 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 3 48 theme interleukin-2 600:612 arg1 Tac 624:626 Tac 624:626 Tac 624:626 Using the SNAP-tag labeling system, we examined the turnover of a model PM protein, the α chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (Tac). 24891503 3 48 theme interleukin-2 600:612 arg1 receptor 614:621 interleukin-2 receptor 600:621 the interleukin-2 receptor (Tac) 596:627 Using the SNAP-tag labeling system, we examined the turnover of a model PM protein, the α chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (Tac). 24891503 4 49 from orientation 778:788 arg1 domains 900:906 their cytosolic domains 884:906 their cytosolic domains 884:906 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions were influenced by their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains. 24891503 4 49 from orientation 778:788 arg1 PM 797:798 the PM 793:798 the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored) 793:859 The surface lifetimes of SNAP-Tac fusions were influenced by their mode of entry into cells (clathrin-dependent versus clathrin-independent), their orientation in the PM (transmembrane versus glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored), and ubiquitination in their cytosolic domains. 24891503 1 50 theme plasma 122:127 arg1 PM 139:140 PM 139:140 PM 139:140 Proteins targeted to the plasma membrane (PM) of cells are degraded at different rates. 24891503 1 50 theme plasma 122:127 arg1 membrane 129:136 the plasma membrane 118:136 the plasma membrane (PM) of cells 118:150 Proteins targeted to the plasma membrane (PM) of cells are degraded at different rates. 24891503 6 51 theme parallel 1114:1121 arg1 mechanisms 1123:1132 distinct parallel mechanisms 1105:1132 distinct parallel mechanisms 1105:1132 For a number of PM proteins, delivery to lysosomes and ectodomain shedding represent distinct parallel mechanisms to determine protein half-life. 24891503 2 52 theme cytoplasmic 221:231 arg1 assembly 328:335 assembly 328:335 assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes 328:380 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 2 52 theme cytoplasmic 221:231 arg1 domains 233:239 the cytoplasmic domains 217:239 the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes 217:380 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 2 52 theme cytoplasmic 221:231 arg1 proteins 258:265 transmembrane proteins 244:265 transmembrane proteins 244:265 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 2 52 theme cytoplasmic 221:231 arg1 modifications 287:299 post-translational modifications 268:299 post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination) 268:321 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 6 53 theme proteins 1039:1046 arg1 number 1026:1031 a number 1024:1031 a number of PM proteins 1024:1046 For a number of PM proteins, delivery to lysosomes and ectodomain shedding represent distinct parallel mechanisms to determine protein half-life. 24891503 2 54 theme protein-lipid 358:370 arg1 complexes 372:380 multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes 342:380 multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes 342:380 Sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins, post-translational modifications (e.g. ubiquitination), and assembly into multiprotein or protein-lipid complexes all may affect the efficiency of endocytosis and recycling and influence the delivery to degradative compartments. 24891503 5 55 theme glycosylation 998:1010 arg1 status 1012:1017 its O-linked glycosylation status 985:1017 its O-linked glycosylation status 985:1017 In addition, shedding of SNAP-Tac into the medium was greatly influenced by its O-linked glycosylation status. 25348530 0 0 theme glycan 184:189 arg1 processing 191:200 the glycan processing 180:200 the glycan processing of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 180:237 Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases impairs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry by altering the glycan processing of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2. 25348530 0 1 theme angiotensin 205:215 arg1 enzyme 230:235 angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 205:237 angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 205:237 Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases impairs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry by altering the glycan processing of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2. 25348530 8 2 theme glucosidases 1753:1764 arg1 inhibition 1736:1745 inhibition 1736:1745 inhibition of ER glucosidases 1736:1764 Hence, in addition to reducing the production of infectious virions, inhibition of ER glucosidases also impairs the entry of selected viruses via a post-receptor-binding mechanism. 25348530 6 3 theme severe 1319:1324 arg1 glycoprotein 1382:1393 the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein 1315:1393 the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein 1315:1393 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 7 4 theme coronavirus 1515:1525 arg1 particles 1586:1594 SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles 1496:1594 SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles 1496:1594 However, alteration of N-linked glycans of ACE2 impaired its ability to support the transduction of SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles by disruption of the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion. 25348530 3 5 theme enveloped 776:784 arg1 viruses 786:792 enveloped viruses 776:792 enveloped viruses 776:792 Because most of the viral envelope glycoproteins contain N-linked glycans, inhibition of ER glucosidases with derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin, i.e., iminosugars, efficiently disrupts the morphogenesis of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. 25348530 1 6 from moieties 343:350 arg1 glycans 368:374 the N-linked glycans 355:374 the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins 355:408 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. 25348530 3 7 theme spectrum 764:771 arg1 morphogenesis 739:751 the morphogenesis 735:751 the morphogenesis of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses 735:792 Because most of the viral envelope glycoproteins contain N-linked glycans, inhibition of ER glucosidases with derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin, i.e., iminosugars, efficiently disrupts the morphogenesis of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. 25348530 3 8 theme viral 570:574 arg1 glycoproteins 585:597 the viral envelope glycoproteins 566:597 the viral envelope glycoproteins 566:597 Because most of the viral envelope glycoproteins contain N-linked glycans, inhibition of ER glucosidases with derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin, i.e., iminosugars, efficiently disrupts the morphogenesis of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. 25348530 6 9 theme cell 1284:1287 arg1 surface 1289:1295 the cell surface 1280:1295 the cell surface 1280:1295 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 1 10 gly glycoproteins 396:408 arg1 glycoproteins 396:408 nascent glycoproteins 388:408 nascent glycoproteins 388:408 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. 25348530 6 11 theme I-converting 1211:1222 arg1 enzyme 1224:1229 angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 1199:1231 angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) 1199:1238 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 6 11 theme I-converting 1211:1222 arg1 ACE2 1234:1237 ACE2 1234:1237 ACE2 1234:1237 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 0 12 theme protein-mediated 145:160 arg1 entry 162:166 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry 66:166 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry 66:166 Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases impairs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry by altering the glycan processing of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2. 25348530 3 13 theme N-linked 607:614 arg1 glycans 616:622 N-linked glycans 607:622 N-linked glycans 607:622 Because most of the viral envelope glycoproteins contain N-linked glycans, inhibition of ER glucosidases with derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin, i.e., iminosugars, efficiently disrupts the morphogenesis of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. 25348530 1 14 theme Endoplasmic 240:250 arg1 ER 263:264 ER 263:264 ER 263:264 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. 25348530 1 14 theme Endoplasmic 240:250 arg1 reticulum 252:260 Endoplasmic reticulum 240:260 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II 240:296 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. 25348530 1 15 dep glucosidases 276:287 arg1 glucosidases 276:287 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases 240:287 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II 240:296 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. 25348530 1 15 dep glucosidases 276:287 arg1 II 295:296 II 295:296 II 295:296 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. 25348530 1 15 dep glucosidases 276:287 arg1 I 289:289 I 289:289 I 289:289 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. 25348530 7 16 theme N-linked 1419:1426 arg1 glycans 1428:1434 N-linked glycans 1419:1434 N-linked glycans of ACE2 1419:1442 However, alteration of N-linked glycans of ACE2 impaired its ability to support the transduction of SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles by disruption of the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion. 25348530 3 17 theme glucosidases 642:653 arg1 inhibition 625:634 inhibition 625:634 inhibition 625:634 Because most of the viral envelope glycoproteins contain N-linked glycans, inhibition of ER glucosidases with derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin, i.e., iminosugars, efficiently disrupts the morphogenesis of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. 25348530 8 18 theme post-receptor-binding 1815:1835 arg1 mechanism 1837:1845 a post-receptor-binding mechanism 1813:1845 a post-receptor-binding mechanism 1813:1845 Hence, in addition to reducing the production of infectious virions, inhibition of ER glucosidases also impairs the entry of selected viruses via a post-receptor-binding mechanism. 25348530 6 19 theme syndrome 1344:1351 arg1 SARS-CoV 1366:1373 SARS-CoV 1366:1373 SARS-CoV 1366:1373 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 6 19 theme syndrome 1344:1351 arg1 coronavirus 1353:1363 acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1326:1363 the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein 1315:1393 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 6 20 theme acute 1326:1330 arg1 SARS-CoV 1366:1373 SARS-CoV 1366:1373 SARS-CoV 1366:1373 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 6 20 theme acute 1326:1330 arg1 coronavirus 1353:1363 acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1326:1363 the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein 1315:1393 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 3 21 theme 1-deoxynojirimycin 675:692 arg1 derivatives 660:670 derivatives 660:670 derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin 660:692 Because most of the viral envelope glycoproteins contain N-linked glycans, inhibition of ER glucosidases with derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin, i.e., iminosugars, efficiently disrupts the morphogenesis of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. 25348530 2 22 theme glycoproteins 535:547 arg1 function 518:525 function 518:525 function 518:525 These reactions are the first steps of N-linked glycan processing and are essential for proper folding and function of many glycoproteins. 25348530 2 22 theme glycoproteins 535:547 arg1 folding 506:512 folding 506:512 folding 506:512 These reactions are the first steps of N-linked glycan processing and are essential for proper folding and function of many glycoproteins. 25348530 3 23 gly glycoproteins 585:597 arg1 glycoproteins 585:597 the viral envelope glycoproteins 566:597 the viral envelope glycoproteins 566:597 Because most of the viral envelope glycoproteins contain N-linked glycans, inhibition of ER glucosidases with derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin, i.e., iminosugars, efficiently disrupts the morphogenesis of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. 25348530 0 24 theme respiratory 79:89 arg1 coronavirus 100:110 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 66:110 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 66:110 Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases impairs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry by altering the glycan processing of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2. 25348530 1 25 theme N-linked 359:366 arg1 glycans 368:374 the N-linked glycans 355:374 the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins 355:408 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. 25348530 5 26 theme ER 941:942 arg1 glucosidases 944:955 ER glucosidases 941:955 ER glucosidases 941:955 It is therefore possible that inhibition of ER glucosidases not only compromises virion production but also disrupts expression and function of viral receptors and thus inhibits virus entry into host cells. 25348530 7 27 theme membrane 1650:1657 arg1 fusion 1659:1664 the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion 1613:1664 the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion 1613:1664 However, alteration of N-linked glycans of ACE2 impaired its ability to support the transduction of SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles by disruption of the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion. 25348530 0 28 theme coronavirus 100:110 arg1 entry 162:166 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry 66:166 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry 66:166 Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases impairs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry by altering the glycan processing of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2. 25348530 8 29 dep reducing 1689:1696 arg1 addition 1677:1684 addition 1677:1684 addition 1677:1684 Hence, in addition to reducing the production of infectious virions, inhibition of ER glucosidases also impairs the entry of selected viruses via a post-receptor-binding mechanism. 25348530 0 30 theme enzyme 230:235 arg1 processing 191:200 the glycan processing 180:200 the glycan processing of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 180:237 Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases impairs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry by altering the glycan processing of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2. 25348530 7 31 theme envelope 1623:1630 arg1 fusion 1659:1664 the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion 1613:1664 the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion 1613:1664 However, alteration of N-linked glycans of ACE2 impaired its ability to support the transduction of SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles by disruption of the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion. 25348530 4 32 theme envelope 815:822 arg1 proteins 824:831 viral envelope proteins 809:831 viral envelope proteins 809:831 However, like viral envelope proteins, the cellular receptors of many viruses are also glycoproteins. 25348530 0 33 theme human 116:120 arg1 NL63 134:137 human coronavirus NL63 116:137 human coronavirus NL63 116:137 Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases impairs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry by altering the glycan processing of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2. 25348530 1 34 theme nascent 388:394 arg1 glycoproteins 396:408 nascent glycoproteins 388:408 nascent glycoproteins 388:408 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. 25348530 2 35 theme first 435:439 arg1 reactions 417:425 These reactions 411:425 These reactions 411:425 These reactions are the first steps of N-linked glycan processing and are essential for proper folding and function of many glycoproteins. 25348530 2 35 theme first 435:439 arg1 steps 441:445 the first steps 431:445 the first steps of N-linked glycan processing 431:475 These reactions are the first steps of N-linked glycan processing and are essential for proper folding and function of many glycoproteins. 25348530 0 36 theme NL63 134:137 arg1 entry 162:166 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry 66:166 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry 66:166 Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases impairs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry by altering the glycan processing of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2. 25348530 5 37 theme viral 1041:1045 arg1 receptors 1047:1055 viral receptors 1041:1055 viral receptors 1041:1055 It is therefore possible that inhibition of ER glucosidases not only compromises virion production but also disrupts expression and function of viral receptors and thus inhibits virus entry into host cells. 25348530 2 38 gly glycoproteins 535:547 arg1 glycoproteins 535:547 many glycoproteins 530:547 many glycoproteins 530:547 These reactions are the first steps of N-linked glycan processing and are essential for proper folding and function of many glycoproteins. 25348530 3 39 contain contain 599:605 arg1 glycoproteins 585:597 the viral envelope glycoproteins 566:597 the viral envelope glycoproteins 566:597 Because most of the viral envelope glycoproteins contain N-linked glycans, inhibition of ER glucosidases with derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin, i.e., iminosugars, efficiently disrupts the morphogenesis of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. 25348530 3 39 contain contain 599:605 arg2 glycans 616:622 N-linked glycans 607:622 N-linked glycans 607:622 Because most of the viral envelope glycoproteins contain N-linked glycans, inhibition of ER glucosidases with derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin, i.e., iminosugars, efficiently disrupts the morphogenesis of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. 25348530 3 39 contain contain 599:605 arg1 most 558:561 most 558:561 most 558:561 Because most of the viral envelope glycoproteins contain N-linked glycans, inhibition of ER glucosidases with derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin, i.e., iminosugars, efficiently disrupts the morphogenesis of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. 25348530 2 40 theme glycan 459:464 arg1 processing 466:475 N-linked glycan processing 450:475 N-linked glycan processing 450:475 These reactions are the first steps of N-linked glycan processing and are essential for proper folding and function of many glycoproteins. 25348530 0 41 theme endoplasmic 14:24 arg1 glucosidases 45:56 endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases 14:56 endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases 14:56 Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases impairs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry by altering the glycan processing of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2. 25348530 6 42 link N-linked 1170:1177 arg1 structure 1186:1194 the N-linked glycan structure 1166:1194 the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein 1166:1393 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 4 43 theme viruses 865:871 arg1 receptors 847:855 the cellular receptors 834:855 the cellular receptors of many viruses 834:871 However, like viral envelope proteins, the cellular receptors of many viruses are also glycoproteins. 25348530 4 43 theme viruses 865:871 arg1 glycoproteins 882:894 glycoproteins 882:894 glycoproteins 882:894 However, like viral envelope proteins, the cellular receptors of many viruses are also glycoproteins. 25348530 0 44 theme glucosidases 45:56 arg1 Inhibition 0:9 Inhibition 0:9 Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases 0:56 Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases impairs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry by altering the glycan processing of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2. 25348530 1 45 theme glucose 335:341 arg1 moieties 343:350 the three terminal glucose moieties 316:350 the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins 316:408 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. 25348530 7 46 theme lentiviral 1575:1584 arg1 particles 1586:1594 SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles 1496:1594 SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles 1496:1594 However, alteration of N-linked glycans of ACE2 impaired its ability to support the transduction of SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles by disruption of the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion. 25348530 7 47 link N-linked 1419:1426 arg1 glycans 1428:1434 N-linked glycans 1419:1434 N-linked glycans of ACE2 1419:1442 However, alteration of N-linked glycans of ACE2 impaired its ability to support the transduction of SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles by disruption of the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion. 25348530 2 48 theme many 530:533 arg1 glycoproteins 535:547 many glycoproteins 530:547 many glycoproteins 530:547 These reactions are the first steps of N-linked glycan processing and are essential for proper folding and function of many glycoproteins. 25348530 0 49 theme severe 66:71 arg1 coronavirus 100:110 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 66:110 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 66:110 Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases impairs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry by altering the glycan processing of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2. 25348530 7 50 theme spike 1544:1548 arg1 particles 1586:1594 SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles 1496:1594 SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles 1496:1594 However, alteration of N-linked glycans of ACE2 impaired its ability to support the transduction of SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles by disruption of the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion. 25348530 5 51 theme host 1092:1095 arg1 cells 1097:1101 host cells 1092:1101 host cells 1092:1101 It is therefore possible that inhibition of ER glucosidases not only compromises virion production but also disrupts expression and function of viral receptors and thus inhibits virus entry into host cells. 25348530 4 52 theme cellular 838:845 arg1 receptors 847:855 the cellular receptors 834:855 the cellular receptors of many viruses 834:871 However, like viral envelope proteins, the cellular receptors of many viruses are also glycoproteins. 25348530 4 52 theme cellular 838:845 arg1 glycoproteins 882:894 glycoproteins 882:894 glycoproteins 882:894 However, like viral envelope proteins, the cellular receptors of many viruses are also glycoproteins. 25348530 6 53 theme N-linked 1170:1177 arg1 structure 1186:1194 the N-linked glycan structure 1166:1194 the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein 1166:1393 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 2 54 link N-linked 450:457 arg1 processing 466:475 N-linked glycan processing 450:475 N-linked glycan processing 450:475 These reactions are the first steps of N-linked glycan processing and are essential for proper folding and function of many glycoproteins. 25348530 8 55 theme virions 1727:1733 arg1 production 1702:1711 the production 1698:1711 the production of infectious virions 1698:1733 Hence, in addition to reducing the production of infectious virions, inhibition of ER glucosidases also impairs the entry of selected viruses via a post-receptor-binding mechanism. 25348530 1 56 theme -resident 266:274 arg1 glucosidases 276:287 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases 240:287 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II 240:296 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. 25348530 1 56 theme -resident 266:274 arg1 II 295:296 II 295:296 II 295:296 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. 25348530 1 56 theme -resident 266:274 arg1 I 289:289 I 289:289 I 289:289 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. 25348530 2 57 theme proper 499:504 arg1 folding 506:512 folding 506:512 folding 506:512 These reactions are the first steps of N-linked glycan processing and are essential for proper folding and function of many glycoproteins. 25348530 3 58 theme broad 758:762 arg1 spectrum 764:771 a broad spectrum 756:771 a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses 756:792 Because most of the viral envelope glycoproteins contain N-linked glycans, inhibition of ER glucosidases with derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin, i.e., iminosugars, efficiently disrupts the morphogenesis of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. 25348530 0 59 theme I-converting 217:228 arg1 enzyme 230:235 angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 205:237 angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 205:237 Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases impairs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry by altering the glycan processing of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2. 25348530 7 60 theme human 1509:1513 arg1 coronavirus 1515:1525 human coronavirus 1509:1525 human coronavirus 1509:1525 However, alteration of N-linked glycans of ACE2 impaired its ability to support the transduction of SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles by disruption of the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion. 25348530 6 61 theme iminosugar 1137:1146 arg1 treatment 1148:1156 iminosugar treatment 1137:1156 iminosugar treatment 1137:1156 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 3 62 theme envelope 576:583 arg1 glycoproteins 585:597 the viral envelope glycoproteins 566:597 the viral envelope glycoproteins 566:597 Because most of the viral envelope glycoproteins contain N-linked glycans, inhibition of ER glucosidases with derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin, i.e., iminosugars, efficiently disrupts the morphogenesis of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. 25348530 8 63 theme ER 1750:1751 arg1 glucosidases 1753:1764 ER glucosidases 1750:1764 ER glucosidases 1750:1764 Hence, in addition to reducing the production of infectious virions, inhibition of ER glucosidases also impairs the entry of selected viruses via a post-receptor-binding mechanism. 25348530 7 64 theme SARS-CoV 1496:1503 arg1 particles 1586:1594 SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles 1496:1594 SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles 1496:1594 However, alteration of N-linked glycans of ACE2 impaired its ability to support the transduction of SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles by disruption of the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion. 25348530 3 65 theme viruses 786:792 arg1 spectrum 764:771 a broad spectrum 756:771 a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses 756:792 Because most of the viral envelope glycoproteins contain N-linked glycans, inhibition of ER glucosidases with derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin, i.e., iminosugars, efficiently disrupts the morphogenesis of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. 25348530 6 66 theme enzyme 1224:1229 arg1 structure 1186:1194 the N-linked glycan structure 1166:1194 the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein 1166:1393 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 6 67 theme spike 1376:1380 arg1 glycoprotein 1382:1393 the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein 1315:1393 the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein 1315:1393 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 4 68 gly glycoproteins 882:894 arg1 receptors 847:855 the cellular receptors 834:855 the cellular receptors of many viruses 834:871 However, like viral envelope proteins, the cellular receptors of many viruses are also glycoproteins. 25348530 4 68 gly glycoproteins 882:894 arg1 glycoproteins 882:894 glycoproteins 882:894 glycoproteins 882:894 However, like viral envelope proteins, the cellular receptors of many viruses are also glycoproteins. 25348530 6 69 theme angiotensin 1199:1209 arg1 enzyme 1224:1229 angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 1199:1231 angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) 1199:1238 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 6 69 theme angiotensin 1199:1209 arg1 ACE2 1234:1237 ACE2 1234:1237 ACE2 1234:1237 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 8 70 theme selected 1792:1799 arg1 viruses 1801:1807 selected viruses 1792:1807 selected viruses 1792:1807 Hence, in addition to reducing the production of infectious virions, inhibition of ER glucosidases also impairs the entry of selected viruses via a post-receptor-binding mechanism. 25348530 3 71 theme ER 639:640 arg1 glucosidases 642:653 ER glucosidases 639:653 ER glucosidases 639:653 Because most of the viral envelope glycoproteins contain N-linked glycans, inhibition of ER glucosidases with derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin, i.e., iminosugars, efficiently disrupts the morphogenesis of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. 25348530 8 72 theme viruses 1801:1807 arg1 entry 1783:1787 the entry 1779:1787 the entry of selected viruses 1779:1807 Hence, in addition to reducing the production of infectious virions, inhibition of ER glucosidases also impairs the entry of selected viruses via a post-receptor-binding mechanism. 25348530 1 73 theme reticulum 252:260 arg1 glucosidases 276:287 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases 240:287 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II 240:296 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. 25348530 1 73 theme reticulum 252:260 arg1 II 295:296 II 295:296 II 295:296 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. 25348530 1 73 theme reticulum 252:260 arg1 I 289:289 I 289:289 I 289:289 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. 25348530 7 74 theme glycans 1428:1434 arg1 alteration 1405:1414 alteration 1405:1414 alteration of N-linked glycans of ACE2 1405:1442 However, alteration of N-linked glycans of ACE2 impaired its ability to support the transduction of SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles by disruption of the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion. 25348530 3 75 with inhibition 625:634 arg1 derivatives 660:670 derivatives 660:670 derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin 660:692 Because most of the viral envelope glycoproteins contain N-linked glycans, inhibition of ER glucosidases with derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin, i.e., iminosugars, efficiently disrupts the morphogenesis of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. 25348530 6 76 theme coronavirus 1353:1363 arg1 glycoprotein 1382:1393 the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein 1315:1393 the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein 1315:1393 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 6 77 from expression 1266:1275 arg1 surface 1289:1295 the cell surface 1280:1295 the cell surface 1280:1295 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 6 78 theme respiratory 1332:1342 arg1 SARS-CoV 1366:1373 SARS-CoV 1366:1373 SARS-CoV 1366:1373 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 6 78 theme respiratory 1332:1342 arg1 coronavirus 1353:1363 acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1326:1363 the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein 1315:1393 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 5 79 theme virion 978:983 arg1 production 985:994 virion production 978:994 virion production 978:994 It is therefore possible that inhibition of ER glucosidases not only compromises virion production but also disrupts expression and function of viral receptors and thus inhibits virus entry into host cells. 25348530 7 80 theme fusion 1659:1664 arg1 disruption 1599:1608 disruption 1599:1608 disruption of the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion 1599:1664 However, alteration of N-linked glycans of ACE2 impaired its ability to support the transduction of SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles by disruption of the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion. 25348530 0 81 theme syndrome 91:98 arg1 coronavirus 100:110 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 66:110 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 66:110 Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases impairs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry by altering the glycan processing of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2. 25348530 7 82 theme protein-triggered 1632:1648 arg1 fusion 1659:1664 the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion 1613:1664 the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion 1613:1664 However, alteration of N-linked glycans of ACE2 impaired its ability to support the transduction of SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles by disruption of the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion. 25348530 3 83 link N-linked 607:614 arg1 glycans 616:622 N-linked glycans 607:622 N-linked glycans 607:622 Because most of the viral envelope glycoproteins contain N-linked glycans, inhibition of ER glucosidases with derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin, i.e., iminosugars, efficiently disrupts the morphogenesis of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. 25348530 5 84 theme glucosidases 944:955 arg1 inhibition 927:936 inhibition 927:936 inhibition of ER glucosidases 927:955 It is therefore possible that inhibition of ER glucosidases not only compromises virion production but also disrupts expression and function of viral receptors and thus inhibits virus entry into host cells. 25348530 7 85 theme viral 1617:1621 arg1 fusion 1659:1664 the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion 1613:1664 the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion 1613:1664 However, alteration of N-linked glycans of ACE2 impaired its ability to support the transduction of SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles by disruption of the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion. 25348530 0 86 theme coronavirus 122:132 arg1 NL63 134:137 human coronavirus NL63 116:137 human coronavirus NL63 116:137 Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases impairs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry by altering the glycan processing of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2. 25348530 7 87 theme ACE2 1439:1442 arg1 glycans 1428:1434 N-linked glycans 1419:1434 N-linked glycans of ACE2 1419:1442 However, alteration of N-linked glycans of ACE2 impaired its ability to support the transduction of SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles by disruption of the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion. 25348530 4 88 theme viral 809:813 arg1 proteins 824:831 viral envelope proteins 809:831 viral envelope proteins 809:831 However, like viral envelope proteins, the cellular receptors of many viruses are also glycoproteins. 25348530 0 89 theme spike 139:143 arg1 entry 162:166 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry 66:166 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry 66:166 Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases impairs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry by altering the glycan processing of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2. 25348530 0 90 theme reticulum-resident 26:43 arg1 glucosidases 45:56 endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases 14:56 endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases 14:56 Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases impairs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry by altering the glycan processing of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2. 25348530 2 91 theme processing 466:475 arg1 reactions 417:425 These reactions 411:425 These reactions 411:425 These reactions are the first steps of N-linked glycan processing and are essential for proper folding and function of many glycoproteins. 25348530 2 91 theme processing 466:475 arg1 steps 441:445 the first steps 431:445 the first steps of N-linked glycan processing 431:475 These reactions are the first steps of N-linked glycan processing and are essential for proper folding and function of many glycoproteins. 25348530 1 92 link N-linked 359:366 arg1 glycans 368:374 the N-linked glycans 355:374 the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins 355:408 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. 25348530 2 93 theme N-linked 450:457 arg1 processing 466:475 N-linked glycan processing 450:475 N-linked glycan processing 450:475 These reactions are the first steps of N-linked glycan processing and are essential for proper folding and function of many glycoproteins. 25348530 1 94 theme terminal 326:333 arg1 moieties 343:350 the three terminal glucose moieties 316:350 the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins 316:408 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. 25348530 5 95 theme virus 1075:1079 arg1 entry 1081:1085 virus entry 1075:1085 virus entry into host cells 1075:1101 It is therefore possible that inhibition of ER glucosidases not only compromises virion production but also disrupts expression and function of viral receptors and thus inhibits virus entry into host cells. 25348530 4 96 theme many 860:863 arg1 viruses 865:871 many viruses 860:871 many viruses 860:871 However, like viral envelope proteins, the cellular receptors of many viruses are also glycoproteins. 25348530 6 97 theme glycoprotein 1382:1393 arg1 expression 1266:1275 its expression 1262:1275 its expression on the cell surface 1262:1295 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 6 97 theme glycoprotein 1382:1393 arg1 binding 1304:1310 its binding 1300:1310 its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein 1300:1393 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 0 98 theme acute 73:77 arg1 coronavirus 100:110 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 66:110 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 66:110 Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases impairs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry by altering the glycan processing of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2. 25348530 7 99 theme particles 1586:1594 arg1 transduction 1480:1491 the transduction 1476:1491 the transduction of SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles by disruption of the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion 1476:1664 However, alteration of N-linked glycans of ACE2 impaired its ability to support the transduction of SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles by disruption of the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion. 25348530 6 100 gly glycoprotein 1382:1393 arg1 glycoprotein 1382:1393 the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein 1315:1393 the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein 1315:1393 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 8 101 theme infectious 1716:1725 arg1 virions 1727:1733 infectious virions 1716:1733 infectious virions 1716:1733 Hence, in addition to reducing the production of infectious virions, inhibition of ER glucosidases also impairs the entry of selected viruses via a post-receptor-binding mechanism. 25348530 7 102 theme glycoprotein-pseudotyped 1550:1573 arg1 particles 1586:1594 SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles 1496:1594 SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles 1496:1594 However, alteration of N-linked glycans of ACE2 impaired its ability to support the transduction of SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles by disruption of the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion. 25348530 5 103 theme receptors 1047:1055 arg1 function 1029:1036 function 1029:1036 function 1029:1036 It is therefore possible that inhibition of ER glucosidases not only compromises virion production but also disrupts expression and function of viral receptors and thus inhibits virus entry into host cells. 25348530 5 103 theme receptors 1047:1055 arg1 expression 1014:1023 expression 1014:1023 expression 1014:1023 It is therefore possible that inhibition of ER glucosidases not only compromises virion production but also disrupts expression and function of viral receptors and thus inhibits virus entry into host cells. 25348530 6 104 theme glycan 1179:1184 arg1 structure 1186:1194 the N-linked glycan structure 1166:1194 the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein 1166:1393 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 1 105 attach attached 376:383 arg1 glycoproteins 396:408 nascent glycoproteins 388:408 nascent glycoproteins 388:408 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. 25348530 1 105 attach attached 376:383 arg2 glycans 368:374 the N-linked glycans 355:374 the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins 355:408 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. 25348530 6 106 from binding 1304:1310 arg1 surface 1289:1295 the cell surface 1280:1295 the cell surface 1280:1295 Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. 25348530 3 107 dep iminosugars 701:711 arg1 i.e. 695:698 i.e. 695:698 i.e. 695:698 Because most of the viral envelope glycoproteins contain N-linked glycans, inhibition of ER glucosidases with derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin, i.e., iminosugars, efficiently disrupts the morphogenesis of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. 28725262 8 0 from composition 1918:1928 arg1 dicot 1954:1958 dicot 1954:1958 dicot 1954:1958 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 8 0 from composition 1918:1928 arg1 switchgrass 2006:2016 switchgrass 2006:2016 switchgrass 2006:2016 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 8 0 from composition 1918:1928 arg1 rice 1997:2000 rice 1997:2000 rice 1997:2000 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 8 0 from composition 1918:1928 arg1 species 2019:2025 both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species 1949:2025 species 2019:2025 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 2 1 from feedstocks 569:578 arg1 composition 482:492 the neutral and acidic sugar composition 453:492 the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants and bioenergy feedstocks 453:578 Here we compared four methods side-by-side for their ability to measure the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants and bioenergy feedstocks. 28725262 1 2 from present 339:345 arg1 sources 372:378 the different biomass sources 350:378 the different biomass sources 350:378 BACKGROUND The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production requires a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources. 28725262 5 3 theme sugar 1313:1317 arg1 content 1319:1325 the specific neutral and acidic sugar content 1281:1325 the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass 1281:1340 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods provided comparable quantitative results for the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass, with the TMS method providing slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields. 28725262 10 4 theme acidic 2298:2303 arg1 sugars 2305:2310 the nine neutral and acidic sugars 2277:2310 the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls 2277:2342 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods were shown to provide comparable quantitative data on the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls. 28725262 1 5 theme residue 256:262 arg1 analysis 276:283 a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis 231:283 a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources 231:378 BACKGROUND The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production requires a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources. 28725262 7 6 theme acetate 1668:1674 arg1 method 1676:1681 the alditol acetate method 1656:1681 the alditol acetate method 1656:1681 Thus, the alditol acetate method is the least informative of the four methods. 28725262 7 6 theme acetate 1668:1674 arg1 informative 1696:1706 informative 1696:1706 informative 1696:1706 Thus, the alditol acetate method is the least informative of the four methods. 28725262 5 7 theme sugar 1437:1441 arg1 yields 1443:1448 high total sugar yields 1426:1448 high total sugar yields 1426:1448 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods provided comparable quantitative results for the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass, with the TMS method providing slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields. 28725262 10 8 theme TMS 2186:2188 arg1 methods 2215:2221 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods 2182:2221 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods 2182:2221 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods were shown to provide comparable quantitative data on the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls. 28725262 5 9 theme specific 1285:1292 arg1 content 1319:1325 the specific neutral and acidic sugar content 1281:1325 the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass 1281:1340 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods provided comparable quantitative results for the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass, with the TMS method providing slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields. 28725262 10 10 theme neutral 2286:2292 arg1 sugars 2305:2310 the nine neutral and acidic sugars 2277:2310 the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls 2277:2342 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods were shown to provide comparable quantitative data on the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls. 28725262 6 11 from information 1506:1516 arg1 sugars 1539:1544 the major neutral sugars 1521:1544 the major neutral sugars 1521:1544 The alditol acetate method, while providing comparable information on the major neutral sugars, did not provide the requisite quantitative information on the specific acidic sugars in plant biomass. 28725262 10 12 theme plant 2327:2331 arg1 walls 2338:2342 all plant cell walls 2323:2342 all plant cell walls 2323:2342 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods were shown to provide comparable quantitative data on the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls. 28725262 8 13 from analysis 1885:1892 arg1 comparison 1775:1784 a side-by-side comparison 1760:1784 a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species 1760:2025 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 1 14 theme biomass 176:182 arg1 use 163:165 The effective use 149:165 The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production 149:220 BACKGROUND The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production requires a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources. 28725262 10 15 theme HPAEC 2191:2195 arg1 methods 2215:2221 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods 2182:2221 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods 2182:2221 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods were shown to provide comparable quantitative data on the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls. 28725262 9 16 theme primary 2033:2039 arg1 tissues 2060:2066 primary wall-enriched leaf tissues 2033:2066 primary wall-enriched leaf tissues 2033:2066 Both primary wall-enriched leaf tissues and secondary wall-enriched wood/stem tissues were analyzed for mol% and mass yield of the non-cellulosic sugars. 28725262 0 17 theme dicot 113:117 arg1 tissues 129:135 dicot and grass tissues 113:135 dicot and grass tissues 113:135 Comparison of four glycosyl residue composition methods for effectiveness in detecting sugars from cell walls of dicot and grass tissues. 28725262 6 18 from sugars 1625:1630 arg1 biomass 1641:1647 plant biomass 1635:1647 plant biomass 1635:1647 The alditol acetate method, while providing comparable information on the major neutral sugars, did not provide the requisite quantitative information on the specific acidic sugars in plant biomass. 28725262 2 19 theme model 542:546 arg1 plants 548:553 herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants 513:553 plants 548:553 Here we compared four methods side-by-side for their ability to measure the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants and bioenergy feedstocks. 28725262 9 20 theme leaf 2055:2058 arg1 tissues 2060:2066 primary wall-enriched leaf tissues 2033:2066 primary wall-enriched leaf tissues 2033:2066 Both primary wall-enriched leaf tissues and secondary wall-enriched wood/stem tissues were analyzed for mol% and mass yield of the non-cellulosic sugars. 28725262 0 21 theme grass 123:127 arg1 tissues 129:135 dicot and grass tissues 113:135 dicot and grass tissues 113:135 Comparison of four glycosyl residue composition methods for effectiveness in detecting sugars from cell walls of dicot and grass tissues. 28725262 1 22 from sources 372:378 arg1 present 339:345 present 339:345 present 339:345 BACKGROUND The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production requires a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources. 28725262 1 23 theme bioproduct 200:209 arg1 production 211:220 bioproduct production 200:220 bioproduct production 200:220 BACKGROUND The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production requires a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources. 28725262 10 24 from present 2312:2318 arg1 walls 2338:2342 all plant cell walls 2323:2342 all plant cell walls 2323:2342 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods were shown to provide comparable quantitative data on the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls. 28725262 4 25 theme comparable 1068:1077 arg1 ranking 1089:1095 comparable abundance ranking 1068:1095 comparable abundance ranking of the seven neutral sugars 1068:1123 All four methods gave comparable abundance ranking of the seven neutral sugars, and three of the methods were able to quantify unique acidic sugars. 28725262 3 26 from wood 685:688 arg1 stems 696:700 rice stems 691:700 rice stems 691:700 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 3 26 from wood 685:688 arg1 walls 643:647 switchgrass leaf cell walls 621:647 switchgrass leaf cell walls 621:647 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 3 26 from wood 685:688 arg1 walls 666:670 cell walls 661:670 cell walls from Populus wood 661:688 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 3 26 from wood 685:688 arg1 rice 611:614 rice 611:614 rice 611:614 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 3 26 from wood 685:688 arg1 RESULTS 581:587 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, 581:726 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, 581:726 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 3 26 from wood 685:688 arg1 tillers 719:725 switchgrass tillers 707:725 switchgrass tillers 707:725 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 3 26 from wood 685:688 arg1 Arabidopsis 589:599 Arabidopsis 589:599 Arabidopsis 589:599 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 3 27 dep spectrometry 773:784 arg1 1 746:746 1 746:746 1 746:746 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 6 28 theme alditol 1455:1461 arg1 method 1471:1476 The alditol acetate method 1451:1476 The alditol acetate method 1451:1476 The alditol acetate method, while providing comparable information on the major neutral sugars, did not provide the requisite quantitative information on the specific acidic sugars in plant biomass. 28725262 3 29 theme acetates 805:812 arg1 GC-MS 787:791 GC-MS 787:791 GC-MS 787:791 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 3 29 theme acetates 805:812 arg1 spectrometry 773:784 (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 745:784 (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) 745:1043 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 3 30 theme gas 749:751 arg1 GC-MS 787:791 GC-MS 787:791 GC-MS 787:791 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 3 30 theme gas 749:751 arg1 spectrometry 773:784 (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 745:784 (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) 745:1043 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 8 31 theme different 1810:1818 arg1 methods 1870:1876 four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods 1805:1876 four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods 1805:1876 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 3 32 theme switchgrass 621:631 arg1 walls 643:647 switchgrass leaf cell walls 621:647 switchgrass leaf cell walls 621:647 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 2 33 theme herbaceous 513:522 arg1 grass 525:529 herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants 513:553 grass 525:529 Here we compared four methods side-by-side for their ability to measure the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants and bioenergy feedstocks. 28725262 6 34 theme neutral 1531:1537 arg1 sugars 1539:1544 the major neutral sugars 1521:1544 the major neutral sugars 1521:1544 The alditol acetate method, while providing comparable information on the major neutral sugars, did not provide the requisite quantitative information on the specific acidic sugars in plant biomass. 28725262 8 35 theme glycosyl 1832:1839 arg1 methods 1870:1876 four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods 1805:1876 four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods 1805:1876 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 3 36 dep reduction 872:880 arg1 2 856:856 2 856:856 2 856:856 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 9 37 theme wall-enriched 2082:2094 arg1 tissues 2106:2112 secondary wall-enriched wood/stem tissues 2072:2112 secondary wall-enriched wood/stem tissues 2072:2112 Both primary wall-enriched leaf tissues and secondary wall-enriched wood/stem tissues were analyzed for mol% and mass yield of the non-cellulosic sugars. 28725262 3 38 theme uronic 836:841 arg1 assay 848:852 a total uronic acid assay 828:852 a total uronic acid assay 828:852 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 2 39 theme walls 502:506 arg1 composition 482:492 the neutral and acidic sugar composition 453:492 the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants and bioenergy feedstocks 453:578 Here we compared four methods side-by-side for their ability to measure the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants and bioenergy feedstocks. 28725262 5 40 theme TMS 1352:1354 arg1 method 1356:1361 the TMS method 1348:1361 the TMS method providing slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields 1348:1448 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods provided comparable quantitative results for the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass, with the TMS method providing slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields. 28725262 8 41 theme composition 1849:1859 arg1 methods 1870:1876 four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods 1805:1876 four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods 1805:1876 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 1 42 theme different 354:362 arg1 sources 372:378 the different biomass sources 350:378 the different biomass sources 350:378 BACKGROUND The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production requires a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources. 28725262 6 43 theme major 1525:1529 arg1 sugars 1539:1544 the major neutral sugars 1521:1544 the major neutral sugars 1521:1544 The alditol acetate method, while providing comparable information on the major neutral sugars, did not provide the requisite quantitative information on the specific acidic sugars in plant biomass. 28725262 1 44 theme effective 153:161 arg1 use 163:165 The effective use 149:165 The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production 149:220 BACKGROUND The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production requires a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources. 28725262 6 45 dep method 1471:1476 arg1 providing 1485:1493 providing 1485:1493 providing comparable information on the major neutral sugars 1485:1544 The alditol acetate method, while providing comparable information on the major neutral sugars, did not provide the requisite quantitative information on the specific acidic sugars in plant biomass. 28725262 6 46 from information 1590:1600 arg1 sugars 1625:1630 the specific acidic sugars 1605:1630 the specific acidic sugars in plant biomass 1605:1647 The alditol acetate method, while providing comparable information on the major neutral sugars, did not provide the requisite quantitative information on the specific acidic sugars in plant biomass. 28725262 6 47 theme specific 1609:1616 arg1 sugars 1625:1630 the specific acidic sugars 1605:1630 the specific acidic sugars in plant biomass 1605:1647 The alditol acetate method, while providing comparable information on the major neutral sugars, did not provide the requisite quantitative information on the specific acidic sugars in plant biomass. 28725262 9 48 theme mol 2132:2134 arg1 sugars 2174:2179 the non-cellulosic sugars 2155:2179 the non-cellulosic sugars 2155:2179 Both primary wall-enriched leaf tissues and secondary wall-enriched wood/stem tissues were analyzed for mol% and mass yield of the non-cellulosic sugars. 28725262 9 48 theme mol 2132:2134 arg1 % 2135:2135 mol% 2132:2135 mol% 2132:2135 Both primary wall-enriched leaf tissues and secondary wall-enriched wood/stem tissues were analyzed for mol% and mass yield of the non-cellulosic sugars. 28725262 8 49 theme methods 1870:1876 arg1 efficacy 1793:1800 the efficacy 1789:1800 the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species 1789:2025 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 10 50 theme quantitative 2256:2267 arg1 data 2269:2272 comparable quantitative data 2245:2272 comparable quantitative data on the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls 2245:2342 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods were shown to provide comparable quantitative data on the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls. 28725262 5 51 theme biomass 1334:1340 arg1 content 1319:1325 the specific neutral and acidic sugar content 1281:1325 the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass 1281:1340 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods provided comparable quantitative results for the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass, with the TMS method providing slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields. 28725262 5 52 theme HPAEC 1204:1208 arg1 methods 1228:1234 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods 1195:1234 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods 1195:1234 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods provided comparable quantitative results for the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass, with the TMS method providing slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields. 28725262 2 53 theme side-by-side 411:422 arg1 methods 403:409 four methods 398:409 four methods side-by-side for their ability to measure the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants and bioenergy feedstocks 398:578 Here we compared four methods side-by-side for their ability to measure the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants and bioenergy feedstocks. 28725262 8 54 theme residue 1910:1916 arg1 composition 1918:1928 the glycosyl residue composition 1897:1928 the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species 1897:2025 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 6 55 theme comparable 1495:1504 arg1 information 1506:1516 comparable information 1495:1516 comparable information on the major neutral sugars 1495:1544 The alditol acetate method, while providing comparable information on the major neutral sugars, did not provide the requisite quantitative information on the specific acidic sugars in plant biomass. 28725262 9 56 theme wood/stem 2096:2104 arg1 tissues 2106:2112 secondary wall-enriched wood/stem tissues 2072:2112 secondary wall-enriched wood/stem tissues 2072:2112 Both primary wall-enriched leaf tissues and secondary wall-enriched wood/stem tissues were analyzed for mol% and mass yield of the non-cellulosic sugars. 28725262 6 57 theme quantitative 1577:1588 arg1 information 1590:1600 the requisite quantitative information 1563:1600 the requisite quantitative information on the specific acidic sugars in plant biomass 1563:1647 The alditol acetate method, while providing comparable information on the major neutral sugars, did not provide the requisite quantitative information on the specific acidic sugars in plant biomass. 28725262 10 58 from data 2269:2272 arg1 sugars 2305:2310 the nine neutral and acidic sugars 2277:2310 the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls 2277:2342 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods were shown to provide comparable quantitative data on the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls. 28725262 3 59 theme reduction 872:880 arg1 assay 848:852 a total uronic acid assay 828:852 a total uronic acid assay 828:852 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 5 60 theme acidic 1408:1413 arg1 sugars 1415:1420 specific acidic sugars 1399:1420 specific acidic sugars 1399:1420 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods provided comparable quantitative results for the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass, with the TMS method providing slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields. 28725262 4 61 theme neutral 1110:1116 arg1 sugars 1118:1123 the seven neutral sugars 1100:1123 the seven neutral sugars 1100:1123 All four methods gave comparable abundance ranking of the seven neutral sugars, and three of the methods were able to quantify unique acidic sugars. 28725262 8 62 theme glycosyl 1901:1908 arg1 composition 1918:1928 the glycosyl residue composition 1897:1928 the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species 1897:2025 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 5 63 theme TMS 1199:1201 arg1 methods 1228:1234 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods 1195:1234 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods 1195:1234 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods provided comparable quantitative results for the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass, with the TMS method providing slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields. 28725262 9 64 theme sugars 2174:2179 arg1 yield 2146:2150 mass yield 2141:2150 mass yield 2141:2150 Both primary wall-enriched leaf tissues and secondary wall-enriched wood/stem tissues were analyzed for mol% and mass yield of the non-cellulosic sugars. 28725262 9 64 theme sugars 2174:2179 arg1 sugars 2174:2179 the non-cellulosic sugars 2155:2179 the non-cellulosic sugars 2155:2179 Both primary wall-enriched leaf tissues and secondary wall-enriched wood/stem tissues were analyzed for mol% and mass yield of the non-cellulosic sugars. 28725262 9 64 theme sugars 2174:2179 arg1 % 2135:2135 mol% 2132:2135 mol% 2132:2135 Both primary wall-enriched leaf tissues and secondary wall-enriched wood/stem tissues were analyzed for mol% and mass yield of the non-cellulosic sugars. 28725262 0 65 theme residue 28:34 arg1 methods 48:54 four glycosyl residue composition methods 14:54 four glycosyl residue composition methods for effectiveness 14:72 Comparison of four glycosyl residue composition methods for effectiveness in detecting sugars from cell walls of dicot and grass tissues. 28725262 1 66 theme cell 313:316 arg1 polysaccharides 323:337 the different cell wall polysaccharides 299:337 the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources 299:378 BACKGROUND The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production requires a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources. 28725262 8 67 theme composition 1918:1928 arg1 analysis 1885:1892 the analysis 1881:1892 the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species 1881:2025 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 8 68 from species 2019:2025 arg1 composition 1918:1928 the glycosyl residue composition 1897:1928 the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species 1897:2025 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 8 68 from species 2019:2025 arg1 walls 1938:1942 cell walls 1933:1942 cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species 1933:2025 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 2 69 theme sugar 476:480 arg1 composition 482:492 the neutral and acidic sugar composition 453:492 the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants and bioenergy feedstocks 453:578 Here we compared four methods side-by-side for their ability to measure the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants and bioenergy feedstocks. 28725262 5 70 theme greater 1382:1388 arg1 yield 1390:1394 slightly greater yield 1373:1394 slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields 1373:1448 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods provided comparable quantitative results for the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass, with the TMS method providing slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields. 28725262 3 71 theme cell 638:641 arg1 walls 643:647 switchgrass leaf cell walls 621:647 switchgrass leaf cell walls 621:647 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 0 72 theme methods 48:54 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of four glycosyl residue composition methods for effectiveness in detecting sugars from cell walls of dicot and grass tissues. 0:136 Comparison of four glycosyl residue composition methods for effectiveness in detecting sugars from cell walls of dicot and grass tissues. 28725262 3 73 theme uronic 885:890 arg1 acids 892:896 uronic acids 885:896 uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates 885:934 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 4 74 theme acidic 1180:1185 arg1 sugars 1187:1192 unique acidic sugars 1173:1192 unique acidic sugars 1173:1192 All four methods gave comparable abundance ranking of the seven neutral sugars, and three of the methods were able to quantify unique acidic sugars. 28725262 6 75 theme plant 1635:1639 arg1 biomass 1641:1647 plant biomass 1635:1647 plant biomass 1635:1647 The alditol acetate method, while providing comparable information on the major neutral sugars, did not provide the requisite quantitative information on the specific acidic sugars in plant biomass. 28725262 3 76 theme cell 661:664 arg1 walls 666:670 cell walls 661:670 cell walls from Populus wood 661:688 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 3 77 theme alditol 919:925 arg1 acetates 927:934 alditol acetates 919:934 alditol acetates 919:934 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 2 78 from plants 548:553 arg1 composition 482:492 the neutral and acidic sugar composition 453:492 the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants and bioenergy feedstocks 453:578 Here we compared four methods side-by-side for their ability to measure the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants and bioenergy feedstocks. 28725262 8 79 theme efficacy 1793:1800 arg1 comparison 1775:1784 a side-by-side comparison 1760:1784 a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species 1760:2025 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 5 80 theme comparable 1245:1254 arg1 results 1269:1275 comparable quantitative results 1245:1275 comparable quantitative results 1245:1275 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods provided comparable quantitative results for the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass, with the TMS method providing slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields. 28725262 1 81 theme glycosyl 247:254 arg1 analysis 276:283 a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis 231:283 a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources 231:378 BACKGROUND The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production requires a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources. 28725262 7 82 theme alditol 1660:1666 arg1 method 1676:1681 the alditol acetate method 1656:1681 the alditol acetate method 1656:1681 Thus, the alditol acetate method is the least informative of the four methods. 28725262 7 82 theme alditol 1660:1666 arg1 informative 1696:1706 informative 1696:1706 informative 1696:1706 Thus, the alditol acetate method is the least informative of the four methods. 28725262 4 83 theme unique 1173:1178 arg1 sugars 1187:1192 unique acidic sugars 1173:1192 unique acidic sugars 1173:1192 All four methods gave comparable abundance ranking of the seven neutral sugars, and three of the methods were able to quantify unique acidic sugars. 28725262 5 84 theme total 1431:1435 arg1 yields 1443:1448 high total sugar yields 1426:1448 high total sugar yields 1426:1448 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods provided comparable quantitative results for the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass, with the TMS method providing slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields. 28725262 1 85 theme composition 264:274 arg1 analysis 276:283 a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis 231:283 a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources 231:378 BACKGROUND The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production requires a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources. 28725262 5 86 theme yields 1443:1448 arg1 yield 1390:1394 slightly greater yield 1373:1394 slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields 1373:1448 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods provided comparable quantitative results for the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass, with the TMS method providing slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields. 28725262 8 87 theme cell 1933:1936 arg1 walls 1938:1942 cell walls 1933:1942 cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species 1933:2025 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 3 88 theme trimethylsilyl 950:963 arg1 derivatives 971:981 trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives 950:981 trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives 950:981 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 10 89 theme cell 2333:2336 arg1 walls 2338:2342 all plant cell walls 2323:2342 all plant cell walls 2323:2342 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods were shown to provide comparable quantitative data on the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls. 28725262 3 90 theme rice 691:694 arg1 stems 696:700 rice stems 691:700 rice stems 691:700 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 8 91 theme side-by-side 1762:1773 arg1 comparison 1775:1784 a side-by-side comparison 1760:1784 a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species 1760:2025 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 5 92 theme neutral 1294:1300 arg1 content 1319:1325 the specific neutral and acidic sugar content 1281:1325 the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass 1281:1340 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods provided comparable quantitative results for the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass, with the TMS method providing slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields. 28725262 1 93 theme plant 170:174 arg1 biomass 176:182 plant biomass 170:182 plant biomass 170:182 BACKGROUND The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production requires a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources. 28725262 3 94 theme GC-MS 941:945 arg1 assay 848:852 a total uronic acid assay 828:852 a total uronic acid assay 828:852 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 5 95 theme acidic 1306:1311 arg1 content 1319:1325 the specific neutral and acidic sugar content 1281:1325 the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass 1281:1340 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods provided comparable quantitative results for the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass, with the TMS method providing slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields. 28725262 1 96 attach present 339:345 arg2 polysaccharides 323:337 the different cell wall polysaccharides 299:337 the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources 299:378 BACKGROUND The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production requires a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources. 28725262 1 96 attach present 339:345 arg1 sources 372:378 the different biomass sources 350:378 the different biomass sources 350:378 BACKGROUND The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production requires a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources. 28725262 8 97 dep dicot 1954:1958 arg1 Populus 1977:1983 Populus 1977:1983 Populus 1977:1983 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 8 97 dep dicot 1954:1958 arg1 Arabidopsis 1961:1971 Arabidopsis 1961:1971 Arabidopsis 1961:1971 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 6 98 theme requisite 1567:1575 arg1 information 1590:1600 the requisite quantitative information 1563:1600 the requisite quantitative information on the specific acidic sugars in plant biomass 1563:1647 The alditol acetate method, while providing comparable information on the major neutral sugars, did not provide the requisite quantitative information on the specific acidic sugars in plant biomass. 28725262 3 99 dep RESULTS 581:587 arg1 Populus 602:608 Populus 602:608 Populus 602:608 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 3 99 dep RESULTS 581:587 arg1 walls 643:647 switchgrass leaf cell walls 621:647 switchgrass leaf cell walls 621:647 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 3 99 dep RESULTS 581:587 arg1 walls 666:670 cell walls 661:670 cell walls from Populus wood 661:688 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 3 99 dep RESULTS 581:587 arg1 rice 611:614 rice 611:614 rice 611:614 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 3 99 dep RESULTS 581:587 arg1 RESULTS 581:587 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, 581:726 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, 581:726 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 3 99 dep RESULTS 581:587 arg1 Arabidopsis 589:599 Arabidopsis 589:599 Arabidopsis 589:599 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 3 100 theme switchgrass 707:717 arg1 tillers 719:725 switchgrass tillers 707:725 switchgrass tillers 707:725 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 0 101 theme tissues 129:135 arg1 walls 104:108 cell walls 99:108 cell walls of dicot and grass tissues 99:135 Comparison of four glycosyl residue composition methods for effectiveness in detecting sugars from cell walls of dicot and grass tissues. 28725262 8 102 dep species 2019:2025 arg1 switchgrass 2006:2016 switchgrass 2006:2016 switchgrass 2006:2016 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 8 102 dep species 2019:2025 arg1 rice 1997:2000 rice 1997:2000 rice 1997:2000 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 8 102 dep species 2019:2025 arg1 species 2019:2025 both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species 1949:2025 species 2019:2025 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 2 103 theme woody 536:540 arg1 plants 548:553 herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants 513:553 plants 548:553 Here we compared four methods side-by-side for their ability to measure the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants and bioenergy feedstocks. 28725262 4 104 theme abundance 1079:1087 arg1 ranking 1089:1095 comparable abundance ranking 1068:1095 comparable abundance ranking of the seven neutral sugars 1068:1123 All four methods gave comparable abundance ranking of the seven neutral sugars, and three of the methods were able to quantify unique acidic sugars. 28725262 6 105 theme acetate 1463:1469 arg1 method 1471:1476 The alditol acetate method 1451:1476 The alditol acetate method 1451:1476 The alditol acetate method, while providing comparable information on the major neutral sugars, did not provide the requisite quantitative information on the specific acidic sugars in plant biomass. 28725262 10 106 theme carbodiimide 2202:2213 arg1 methods 2215:2221 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods 2182:2221 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods 2182:2221 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods were shown to provide comparable quantitative data on the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls. 28725262 2 107 from grass 525:529 arg1 composition 482:492 the neutral and acidic sugar composition 453:492 the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants and bioenergy feedstocks 453:578 Here we compared four methods side-by-side for their ability to measure the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants and bioenergy feedstocks. 28725262 10 108 from walls 2338:2342 arg1 present 2312:2318 present 2312:2318 present 2312:2318 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods were shown to provide comparable quantitative data on the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls. 28725262 9 109 theme secondary 2072:2080 arg1 tissues 2106:2112 secondary wall-enriched wood/stem tissues 2072:2112 secondary wall-enriched wood/stem tissues 2072:2112 Both primary wall-enriched leaf tissues and secondary wall-enriched wood/stem tissues were analyzed for mol% and mass yield of the non-cellulosic sugars. 28725262 8 110 theme established 1820:1830 arg1 methods 1870:1876 four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods 1805:1876 four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods 1805:1876 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 2 111 theme bioenergy 559:567 arg1 feedstocks 569:578 bioenergy feedstocks 559:578 bioenergy feedstocks 559:578 Here we compared four methods side-by-side for their ability to measure the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants and bioenergy feedstocks. 28725262 3 112 theme chromatography-mass 753:771 arg1 GC-MS 787:791 GC-MS 787:791 GC-MS 787:791 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 3 112 theme chromatography-mass 753:771 arg1 spectrometry 773:784 (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 745:784 (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) 745:1043 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 8 113 theme residue 1841:1847 arg1 methods 1870:1876 four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods 1805:1876 four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods 1805:1876 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 3 114 theme alditol 797:803 arg1 acetates 805:812 alditol acetates 797:812 alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) 797:1043 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 8 115 theme analysis 1861:1868 arg1 methods 1870:1876 four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods 1805:1876 four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods 1805:1876 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 3 116 theme derivatives 971:981 arg1 GC-MS 941:945 (3) GC-MS 937:945 (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives 937:981 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 3 117 theme acid 843:846 arg1 assay 848:852 a total uronic acid assay 828:852 a total uronic acid assay 828:852 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 2 118 theme cell 497:500 arg1 walls 502:506 cell walls 497:506 cell walls 497:506 Here we compared four methods side-by-side for their ability to measure the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants and bioenergy feedstocks. 28725262 6 119 theme acidic 1618:1623 arg1 sugars 1625:1630 the specific acidic sugars 1605:1630 the specific acidic sugars in plant biomass 1605:1647 The alditol acetate method, while providing comparable information on the major neutral sugars, did not provide the requisite quantitative information on the specific acidic sugars in plant biomass. 28725262 0 120 theme cell 99:102 arg1 walls 104:108 cell walls 99:108 cell walls of dicot and grass tissues 99:135 Comparison of four glycosyl residue composition methods for effectiveness in detecting sugars from cell walls of dicot and grass tissues. 28725262 1 121 theme biomass 364:370 arg1 sources 372:378 the different biomass sources 350:378 the different biomass sources 350:378 BACKGROUND The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production requires a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources. 28725262 3 122 theme TMS 966:968 arg1 derivatives 971:981 trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives 950:981 trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives 950:981 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 3 123 theme a total 828:834 arg1 assay 848:852 a total uronic acid assay 828:852 a total uronic acid assay 828:852 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 8 124 dep CONCLUSIONS 1729:1739 arg1 provides 1751:1758 provides 1751:1758 provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species 1751:2025 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 10 125 theme comparable 2245:2254 arg1 data 2269:2272 comparable quantitative data 2245:2272 comparable quantitative data on the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls 2245:2342 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods were shown to provide comparable quantitative data on the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls. 28725262 9 126 theme mass 2141:2144 arg1 yield 2146:2150 mass yield 2141:2150 mass yield 2141:2150 Both primary wall-enriched leaf tissues and secondary wall-enriched wood/stem tissues were analyzed for mol% and mass yield of the non-cellulosic sugars. 28725262 9 127 theme wall-enriched 2041:2053 arg1 tissues 2060:2066 primary wall-enriched leaf tissues 2033:2066 primary wall-enriched leaf tissues 2033:2066 Both primary wall-enriched leaf tissues and secondary wall-enriched wood/stem tissues were analyzed for mol% and mass yield of the non-cellulosic sugars. 28725262 2 128 theme neutral 457:463 arg1 composition 482:492 the neutral and acidic sugar composition 453:492 the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants and bioenergy feedstocks 453:578 Here we compared four methods side-by-side for their ability to measure the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants and bioenergy feedstocks. 28725262 4 129 theme sugars 1118:1123 arg1 ranking 1089:1095 comparable abundance ranking 1068:1095 comparable abundance ranking of the seven neutral sugars 1068:1123 All four methods gave comparable abundance ranking of the seven neutral sugars, and three of the methods were able to quantify unique acidic sugars. 28725262 0 130 theme glycosyl 19:26 arg1 methods 48:54 four glycosyl residue composition methods 14:54 four glycosyl residue composition methods for effectiveness 14:72 Comparison of four glycosyl residue composition methods for effectiveness in detecting sugars from cell walls of dicot and grass tissues. 28725262 3 131 theme anion-exchange 1007:1020 arg1 HPAEC 1038:1042 HPAEC 1038:1042 HPAEC 1038:1042 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 3 131 theme anion-exchange 1007:1020 arg1 chromatography 1022:1035 anion-exchange chromatography 1007:1035 anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) 1007:1043 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 5 132 theme sugars 1415:1420 arg1 yield 1390:1394 slightly greater yield 1373:1394 slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields 1373:1448 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods provided comparable quantitative results for the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass, with the TMS method providing slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields. 28725262 1 133 dep BACKGROUND 138:147 arg1 requires 222:229 requires 222:229 requires a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources 222:378 BACKGROUND The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production requires a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources. 28725262 9 134 theme non-cellulosic 2159:2172 arg1 sugars 2174:2179 the non-cellulosic sugars 2155:2179 the non-cellulosic sugars 2155:2179 Both primary wall-enriched leaf tissues and secondary wall-enriched wood/stem tissues were analyzed for mol% and mass yield of the non-cellulosic sugars. 28725262 0 135 theme composition 36:46 arg1 methods 48:54 four glycosyl residue composition methods 14:54 four glycosyl residue composition methods for effectiveness 14:72 Comparison of four glycosyl residue composition methods for effectiveness in detecting sugars from cell walls of dicot and grass tissues. 28725262 1 136 theme different 303:311 arg1 polysaccharides 323:337 the different cell wall polysaccharides 299:337 the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources 299:378 BACKGROUND The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production requires a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources. 28725262 3 137 theme high-pressure 992:1004 arg1 assay 848:852 a total uronic acid assay 828:852 a total uronic acid assay 828:852 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 10 138 attach present 2312:2318 arg2 sugars 2305:2310 the nine neutral and acidic sugars 2277:2310 the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls 2277:2342 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods were shown to provide comparable quantitative data on the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls. 28725262 10 138 attach present 2312:2318 arg1 walls 2338:2342 all plant cell walls 2323:2342 all plant cell walls 2323:2342 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods were shown to provide comparable quantitative data on the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls. 28725262 3 139 theme carbodiimide 859:870 arg1 reduction 872:880 (2) carbodiimide reduction 855:880 (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates 855:934 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 10 140 theme present 2312:2318 arg1 sugars 2305:2310 the nine neutral and acidic sugars 2277:2310 the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls 2277:2342 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods were shown to provide comparable quantitative data on the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls. 28725262 5 141 theme high 1426:1429 arg1 yields 1443:1448 high total sugar yields 1426:1448 high total sugar yields 1426:1448 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods provided comparable quantitative results for the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass, with the TMS method providing slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields. 28725262 3 142 theme leaf 633:636 arg1 walls 643:647 switchgrass leaf cell walls 621:647 switchgrass leaf cell walls 621:647 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 5 143 theme quantitative 1256:1267 arg1 results 1269:1275 comparable quantitative results 1245:1275 comparable quantitative results 1245:1275 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods provided comparable quantitative results for the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass, with the TMS method providing slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields. 28725262 8 144 theme walls 1938:1942 arg1 composition 1918:1928 the glycosyl residue composition 1897:1928 the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species 1897:2025 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 1 145 theme wall 318:321 arg1 polysaccharides 323:337 the different cell wall polysaccharides 299:337 the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources 299:378 BACKGROUND The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production requires a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources. 28725262 8 146 from dicot 1954:1958 arg1 composition 1918:1928 the glycosyl residue composition 1897:1928 the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species 1897:2025 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 8 146 from dicot 1954:1958 arg1 walls 1938:1942 cell walls 1933:1942 cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species 1933:2025 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 8 147 theme grass 1990:1994 arg1 switchgrass 2006:2016 switchgrass 2006:2016 switchgrass 2006:2016 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 8 147 theme grass 1990:1994 arg1 rice 1997:2000 rice 1997:2000 rice 1997:2000 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 8 147 theme grass 1990:1994 arg1 species 2019:2025 both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species 1949:2025 species 2019:2025 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 2 148 theme acidic 469:474 arg1 composition 482:492 the neutral and acidic sugar composition 453:492 the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants and bioenergy feedstocks 453:578 Here we compared four methods side-by-side for their ability to measure the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants and bioenergy feedstocks. 28725262 4 149 theme methods 1143:1149 arg1 three 1130:1134 three 1130:1134 three 1130:1134 All four methods gave comparable abundance ranking of the seven neutral sugars, and three of the methods were able to quantify unique acidic sugars. 28725262 4 149 theme methods 1143:1149 arg1 methods 1143:1149 the methods 1139:1149 the methods 1139:1149 All four methods gave comparable abundance ranking of the seven neutral sugars, and three of the methods were able to quantify unique acidic sugars. 28725262 1 150 theme present 339:345 arg1 polysaccharides 323:337 the different cell wall polysaccharides 299:337 the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources 299:378 BACKGROUND The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production requires a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources. 28725262 7 151 theme methods 1720:1726 arg1 method 1676:1681 the alditol acetate method 1656:1681 the alditol acetate method 1656:1681 Thus, the alditol acetate method is the least informative of the four methods. 28725262 7 151 theme methods 1720:1726 arg1 informative 1696:1706 informative 1696:1706 informative 1696:1706 Thus, the alditol acetate method is the least informative of the four methods. 28725262 3 152 theme acids 892:896 arg1 reduction 872:880 (2) carbodiimide reduction 855:880 (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates 855:934 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 8 153 from efficacy 1793:1800 arg1 analysis 1885:1892 the analysis 1881:1892 the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species 1881:2025 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 5 154 theme specific 1399:1406 arg1 sugars 1415:1420 specific acidic sugars 1399:1420 specific acidic sugars 1399:1420 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods provided comparable quantitative results for the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass, with the TMS method providing slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields. 28725262 5 155 theme carbodiimide 1215:1226 arg1 methods 1228:1234 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods 1195:1234 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods 1195:1234 The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods provided comparable quantitative results for the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass, with the TMS method providing slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields. 28725262 3 156 theme acetates 927:934 arg1 GC-MS 910:914 GC-MS 910:914 GC-MS of alditol acetates 910:934 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 3 157 theme Populus 677:683 arg1 wood 685:688 Populus wood 677:688 Populus wood 677:688 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 8 158 from comparison 1775:1784 arg1 analysis 1885:1892 the analysis 1881:1892 the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species 1881:2025 CONCLUSIONS This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. 28725262 3 159 dep GC-MS 941:945 arg1 3 938:938 3 938:938 3 938:938 RESULTS Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC-MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC-MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). 28725262 1 160 theme comprehensive 233:245 arg1 analysis 276:283 a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis 231:283 a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources 231:378 BACKGROUND The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production requires a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources. 25885939 15 0 theme protocols 2945:2953 arg1 reduction 2876:2884 a damage reduction 2867:2884 a damage reduction of 75.00 and 64.58% for the pre-treatment and simultaneous protocols, respectively 2867:2967 The antimutagenic evaluation in the micronucleous test showed a damage reduction of 75.00 and 64.58% for the pre-treatment and simultaneous protocols, respectively. 25885939 14 1 theme different 2455:2463 arg1 concentrations 2465:2478 different concentrations 2455:2478 different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) 2455:2499 Damage reduction in Allium cepa tested with different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) was 66.17, 75.75, and 69.19% for the pre-treatment; 72.72, 33.33, and 22.22% for the simple simultaneous treatment; 100.50, 93.93, and 102.52% for the simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation; 89.39, 79.79, and 84.34%; for the post-treatment, and 86.36, 81.31, and 93.43% for the continuous treatment. 25885939 14 1 theme different 2455:2463 arg1 mg/L 2495:2498 5, 10, and 15 mg/L 2481:2498 5, 10, and 15 mg/L 2481:2498 Damage reduction in Allium cepa tested with different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) was 66.17, 75.75, and 69.19% for the pre-treatment; 72.72, 33.33, and 22.22% for the simple simultaneous treatment; 100.50, 93.93, and 102.52% for the simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation; 89.39, 79.79, and 84.34%; for the post-treatment, and 86.36, 81.31, and 93.43% for the continuous treatment. 25885939 7 2 from migration 1024:1032 arg1 paw 1138:1140 the mouse paw 1128:1140 the mouse paw 1128:1140 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 11 3 dep leukocytes 1924:1933 arg1 inhibition 1939:1948 an inhibition 1936:1948 an inhibition of 78 ± 9% with 100 mg/kg and 90 ± 7% with 300 mg/kg 1936:2001 The ACME reduced significantly the total leukocytes (an inhibition of 78 ± 9% with 100 mg/kg and 90 ± 7% with 300 mg/kg) and protein levels (approximately 100% inhibition with both doses) in the pleurisy model. 25885939 10 4 theme observed 1798:1805 arg1 inhibitions 1807:1817 the observed inhibitions 1794:1817 the observed inhibitions 1794:1817 Oral treatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema formation, with inhibitions of 53 ± 7% and 47 ± 10%; in MPO activity, the observed inhibitions were 60 ± 7% for 100 mg/kg treatment and 63 ± 7% for 300 mg/kg. 25885939 10 4 theme observed 1798:1805 arg1 % 1830:1830 60 ± 7% 1824:1830 60 ± 7% for 100 mg/kg treatment 1824:1854 Oral treatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema formation, with inhibitions of 53 ± 7% and 47 ± 10%; in MPO activity, the observed inhibitions were 60 ± 7% for 100 mg/kg treatment and 63 ± 7% for 300 mg/kg. 25885939 7 5 theme allodynia 1106:1114 arg1 response 1116:1123 carrageenan-induced allodynia response 1086:1123 carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw 1086:1140 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 2 6 theme new 325:327 arg1 principles 345:354 new pharmacological principles 325:354 new pharmacological principles 325:354 (Annonaceae) is a medicinal plant that is widely used in folk medicine, which leads to its investigation as a potential source of new pharmacological principles. 25885939 14 7 theme continuous 2783:2792 arg1 treatment 2794:2802 the continuous treatment 2779:2802 the continuous treatment 2779:2802 Damage reduction in Allium cepa tested with different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) was 66.17, 75.75, and 69.19% for the pre-treatment; 72.72, 33.33, and 22.22% for the simple simultaneous treatment; 100.50, 93.93, and 102.52% for the simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation; 89.39, 79.79, and 84.34%; for the post-treatment, and 86.36, 81.31, and 93.43% for the continuous treatment. 25885939 14 8 dep post-treatment 2730:2743 arg1 the 2726:2728 the 2726:2728 the 2726:2728 Damage reduction in Allium cepa tested with different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) was 66.17, 75.75, and 69.19% for the pre-treatment; 72.72, 33.33, and 22.22% for the simple simultaneous treatment; 100.50, 93.93, and 102.52% for the simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation; 89.39, 79.79, and 84.34%; for the post-treatment, and 86.36, 81.31, and 93.43% for the continuous treatment. 25885939 9 9 theme 3-O-β-glucoside 1571:1585 arg1 isolation 1547:1555 the isolation 1543:1555 the isolation of kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-β-diglucoside 1543:1618 RESULTS The fractionation of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction, resulting from the partition of the methanol extract of the A. crassiflora, afforded through chromatographic methods resulted in the isolation of kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-β-diglucoside. 25885939 14 10 theme simultaneous 2652:2663 arg1 treatment 2665:2673 the simultaneous treatment 2648:2673 the simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation 2648:2693 Damage reduction in Allium cepa tested with different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) was 66.17, 75.75, and 69.19% for the pre-treatment; 72.72, 33.33, and 22.22% for the simple simultaneous treatment; 100.50, 93.93, and 102.52% for the simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation; 89.39, 79.79, and 84.34%; for the post-treatment, and 86.36, 81.31, and 93.43% for the continuous treatment. 25885939 13 11 theme edema 2329:2333 arg1 formation 2335:2343 the zymosan-induced edema formation 2309:2343 the zymosan-induced edema formation 2309:2343 Pretreatment with extract failed to reduce the zymosan-induced edema formation and did not inhibit the carrageenan-induced mechanical allodynia. 25885939 7 12 dep treated 894:900 arg1 migration 966:974 pleural cell migration 953:974 pleural cell migration 953:974 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 7 12 dep treated 894:900 arg1 exudation 988:996 protein exudation 980:996 protein exudation 980:996 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 7 12 dep treated 894:900 arg1 response 1116:1123 carrageenan-induced allodynia response 1086:1123 carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw 1086:1140 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 7 12 dep treated 894:900 arg1 migration 1024:1032 carrageenan-induced cell migration 999:1032 carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch 999:1047 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 7 12 dep treated 894:900 arg1 induction 1050:1058 induction 1050:1058 induction of joint inflammation 1050:1080 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 15 13 theme % 2904:2904 arg1 reduction 2876:2884 a damage reduction 2867:2884 a damage reduction of 75.00 and 64.58% for the pre-treatment and simultaneous protocols, respectively 2867:2967 The antimutagenic evaluation in the micronucleous test showed a damage reduction of 75.00 and 64.58% for the pre-treatment and simultaneous protocols, respectively. 25885939 9 14 theme kaempferol 1591:1600 arg1 3-O-β-diglucoside 1602:1618 kaempferol 3-O-β-diglucoside 1591:1618 kaempferol 3-O-β-diglucoside 1591:1618 RESULTS The fractionation of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction, resulting from the partition of the methanol extract of the A. crassiflora, afforded through chromatographic methods resulted in the isolation of kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-β-diglucoside. 25885939 2 15 used used 244:247 arg2 plant 223:227 a medicinal plant 211:227 a medicinal plant that is widely used in folk medicine, which leads to its investigation as a potential source of new pharmacological principles 211:354 (Annonaceae) is a medicinal plant that is widely used in folk medicine, which leads to its investigation as a potential source of new pharmacological principles. 25885939 6 16 from activity 871:878 arg1 tests 814:818 both tests 809:818 both tests 809:818 Animals received orally, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg of extract in both tests, carrageenan-induced paw edema and myeloperoxidase activity. 25885939 10 17 theme ± 1827:1827 arg1 inhibitions 1807:1817 the observed inhibitions 1794:1817 the observed inhibitions 1794:1817 Oral treatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema formation, with inhibitions of 53 ± 7% and 47 ± 10%; in MPO activity, the observed inhibitions were 60 ± 7% for 100 mg/kg treatment and 63 ± 7% for 300 mg/kg. 25885939 10 17 theme ± 1827:1827 arg1 % 1830:1830 60 ± 7% 1824:1830 60 ± 7% for 100 mg/kg treatment 1824:1854 Oral treatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema formation, with inhibitions of 53 ± 7% and 47 ± 10%; in MPO activity, the observed inhibitions were 60 ± 7% for 100 mg/kg treatment and 63 ± 7% for 300 mg/kg. 25885939 7 18 theme joint 1063:1067 arg1 inflammation 1069:1080 joint inflammation 1063:1080 joint inflammation 1063:1080 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 8 19 theme antimutagenic/chemopreventive 1159:1187 arg1 activity 1189:1196 the antimutagenic/chemopreventive activity 1155:1196 the antimutagenic/chemopreventive activity through the Allium cepa test 1155:1225 To evaluate the antimutagenic/chemopreventive activity through the Allium cepa test, we used 5, 10, and 15 mg/L of extract, and for the micronucleus test in the peripheral blood, we used the dose of 15 mg/kg. 25885939 17 20 contain has 3107:3109 arg2 potential 3161:3169 chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential 3111:3169 chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential 3111:3169 CONCLUSION These results suggest that this medicinal plant has chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential. 25885939 17 20 contain has 3107:3109 arg1 plant 3101:3105 this medicinal plant 3086:3105 this medicinal plant 3086:3105 CONCLUSION These results suggest that this medicinal plant has chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential. 25885939 0 21 theme extract 153:159 arg1 action 109:114 action 109:114 action of the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract 109:159 Analysis of the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive potential and description of the antimutagenic mode of action of the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract. 25885939 17 22 theme medicinal 3091:3099 arg1 plant 3101:3105 this medicinal plant 3086:3105 this medicinal plant 3086:3105 CONCLUSION These results suggest that this medicinal plant has chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential. 25885939 11 23 theme % 1959:1959 arg1 inhibition 1939:1948 an inhibition 1936:1948 an inhibition of 78 ± 9% with 100 mg/kg and 90 ± 7% with 300 mg/kg 1936:2001 The ACME reduced significantly the total leukocytes (an inhibition of 78 ± 9% with 100 mg/kg and 90 ± 7% with 300 mg/kg) and protein levels (approximately 100% inhibition with both doses) in the pleurisy model. 25885939 11 24 theme total 1918:1922 arg1 leukocytes 1924:1933 total leukocytes 1918:1933 total leukocytes 1918:1933 The ACME reduced significantly the total leukocytes (an inhibition of 78 ± 9% with 100 mg/kg and 90 ± 7% with 300 mg/kg) and protein levels (approximately 100% inhibition with both doses) in the pleurisy model. 25885939 2 25 dep plant 223:227 arg1 Annonaceae 196:205 Annonaceae 196:205 Annonaceae 196:205 (Annonaceae) is a medicinal plant that is widely used in folk medicine, which leads to its investigation as a potential source of new pharmacological principles. 25885939 10 26 theme 100 1836:1838 arg1 mg/kg 1840:1844 mg/kg 1840:1844 mg/kg 1840:1844 Oral treatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema formation, with inhibitions of 53 ± 7% and 47 ± 10%; in MPO activity, the observed inhibitions were 60 ± 7% for 100 mg/kg treatment and 63 ± 7% for 300 mg/kg. 25885939 14 27 with treatment 2665:2673 arg1 pre-incubation 2680:2693 pre-incubation 2680:2693 pre-incubation 2680:2693 Damage reduction in Allium cepa tested with different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) was 66.17, 75.75, and 69.19% for the pre-treatment; 72.72, 33.33, and 22.22% for the simple simultaneous treatment; 100.50, 93.93, and 102.52% for the simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation; 89.39, 79.79, and 84.34%; for the post-treatment, and 86.36, 81.31, and 93.43% for the continuous treatment. 25885939 10 28 theme edema 1718:1722 arg1 formation 1724:1732 the carrageenan-induced edema formation 1694:1732 the carrageenan-induced edema formation 1694:1732 Oral treatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema formation, with inhibitions of 53 ± 7% and 47 ± 10%; in MPO activity, the observed inhibitions were 60 ± 7% for 100 mg/kg treatment and 63 ± 7% for 300 mg/kg. 25885939 9 29 theme acetate 1391:1397 arg1 fraction 1404:1411 the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction 1381:1411 the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction 1381:1411 RESULTS The fractionation of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction, resulting from the partition of the methanol extract of the A. crassiflora, afforded through chromatographic methods resulted in the isolation of kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-β-diglucoside. 25885939 8 30 theme Allium 1210:1215 arg1 test 1222:1225 the Allium cepa test 1206:1225 the Allium cepa test 1206:1225 To evaluate the antimutagenic/chemopreventive activity through the Allium cepa test, we used 5, 10, and 15 mg/L of extract, and for the micronucleus test in the peripheral blood, we used the dose of 15 mg/kg. 25885939 0 31 theme crassiflora 130:140 arg1 extract 153:159 the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract 119:159 the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract 119:159 Analysis of the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive potential and description of the antimutagenic mode of action of the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract. 25885939 13 32 theme carrageenan-induced 2369:2387 arg1 allodynia 2400:2408 the carrageenan-induced mechanical allodynia 2365:2408 the carrageenan-induced mechanical allodynia 2365:2408 Pretreatment with extract failed to reduce the zymosan-induced edema formation and did not inhibit the carrageenan-induced mechanical allodynia. 25885939 10 33 from % 1830:1830 arg1 activity 1784:1791 MPO activity 1780:1791 MPO activity 1780:1791 Oral treatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema formation, with inhibitions of 53 ± 7% and 47 ± 10%; in MPO activity, the observed inhibitions were 60 ± 7% for 100 mg/kg treatment and 63 ± 7% for 300 mg/kg. 25885939 14 34 theme Damage 2411:2416 arg1 reduction 2418:2426 Damage reduction 2411:2426 Damage reduction in Allium cepa 2411:2441 Damage reduction in Allium cepa tested with different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) was 66.17, 75.75, and 69.19% for the pre-treatment; 72.72, 33.33, and 22.22% for the simple simultaneous treatment; 100.50, 93.93, and 102.52% for the simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation; 89.39, 79.79, and 84.34%; for the post-treatment, and 86.36, 81.31, and 93.43% for the continuous treatment. 25885939 5 35 dep spectra 738:744 arg1 1 730:730 1 730:730 1 730:730 MATERIALS AND METHODS Total flavonoids were quantified by spectrophotometry at 415 nm and its composition was analyzed by (1)H NMR spectra. 25885939 16 36 theme cyclophosphamide 3012:3027 arg1 effects 3029:3035 the cyclophosphamide effects 3008:3035 the cyclophosphamide effects in 45.83% 3008:3045 The post-treatment protocol increased the cyclophosphamide effects in 45.83%. 25885939 7 37 theme cell 1019:1022 arg1 migration 1024:1032 carrageenan-induced cell migration 999:1032 carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch 999:1047 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 2 38 theme medicinal 213:221 arg1 plant 223:227 a medicinal plant 211:227 a medicinal plant that is widely used in folk medicine, which leads to its investigation as a potential source of new pharmacological principles 211:354 (Annonaceae) is a medicinal plant that is widely used in folk medicine, which leads to its investigation as a potential source of new pharmacological principles. 25885939 7 39 theme cell 961:964 arg1 migration 966:974 pleural cell migration 953:974 pleural cell migration 953:974 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 9 40 theme fraction 1404:1411 arg1 fractionation 1364:1376 The fractionation 1360:1376 The fractionation of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction, resulting from the partition of the methanol extract of the A. crassiflora, afforded through chromatographic methods 1360:1529 RESULTS The fractionation of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction, resulting from the partition of the methanol extract of the A. crassiflora, afforded through chromatographic methods resulted in the isolation of kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-β-diglucoside. 25885939 10 41 with treatment 1626:1634 arg1 mg/kg 1653:1657 100 and 300 mg/kg 1641:1657 100 and 300 mg/kg 1641:1657 Oral treatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema formation, with inhibitions of 53 ± 7% and 47 ± 10%; in MPO activity, the observed inhibitions were 60 ± 7% for 100 mg/kg treatment and 63 ± 7% for 300 mg/kg. 25885939 9 42 dep RESULTS 1352:1358 arg1 resulted 1531:1538 resulted 1531:1538 resulted in the isolation of kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-β-diglucoside 1531:1618 RESULTS The fractionation of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction, resulting from the partition of the methanol extract of the A. crassiflora, afforded through chromatographic methods resulted in the isolation of kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-β-diglucoside. 25885939 8 43 theme extract 1258:1264 arg1 mg/L 1250:1253 5, 10, and 15 mg/L 1236:1253 5, 10, and 15 mg/L of extract 1236:1264 To evaluate the antimutagenic/chemopreventive activity through the Allium cepa test, we used 5, 10, and 15 mg/L of extract, and for the micronucleus test in the peripheral blood, we used the dose of 15 mg/kg. 25885939 10 44 theme carrageenan-induced 1698:1716 arg1 formation 1724:1732 the carrageenan-induced edema formation 1694:1732 the carrageenan-induced edema formation 1694:1732 Oral treatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema formation, with inhibitions of 53 ± 7% and 47 ± 10%; in MPO activity, the observed inhibitions were 60 ± 7% for 100 mg/kg treatment and 63 ± 7% for 300 mg/kg. 25885939 12 45 theme carrageenan-induced 2097:2115 arg1 migration 2127:2135 carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration 2097:2135 carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration into the pouch 2097:2150 In carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration into the pouch, the extract inhibited leukocyte migration only when administered 300 mg/kg per dose (the reduction was 43 ± 5%). 25885939 7 46 theme analyzed 937:944 arg1 tests 946:950 all the analyzed tests 929:950 all the analyzed tests 929:950 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 15 47 theme antimutagenic 2809:2821 arg1 evaluation 2823:2832 The antimutagenic evaluation 2805:2832 The antimutagenic evaluation in the micronucleous test 2805:2858 The antimutagenic evaluation in the micronucleous test showed a damage reduction of 75.00 and 64.58% for the pre-treatment and simultaneous protocols, respectively. 25885939 3 48 dep OBJECTIVE 357:365 arg1 describes 378:386 describes 378:386 describes the anti-inflammatory, antiallodynic, and antimutagenic/chemopreventive activities of the 378:476 OBJECTIVE This study describes the anti-inflammatory, antiallodynic, and antimutagenic/chemopreventive activities of the leaves A. crassiflora methanolic extract. 25885939 17 49 theme chemopreventive 3111:3125 arg1 potential 3161:3169 chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential 3111:3169 chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential 3111:3169 CONCLUSION These results suggest that this medicinal plant has chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential. 25885939 0 50 theme mode 101:104 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive potential 0:62 Analysis of the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive potential and description of the antimutagenic mode of action of the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract. 25885939 0 50 theme mode 101:104 arg1 description 68:78 description 68:78 description of the antimutagenic mode of action of the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract 68:159 Analysis of the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive potential and description of the antimutagenic mode of action of the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract. 25885939 5 51 theme Total 629:633 arg1 flavonoids 635:644 MATERIALS AND METHODS Total flavonoids 607:644 MATERIALS AND METHODS Total flavonoids 607:644 MATERIALS AND METHODS Total flavonoids were quantified by spectrophotometry at 415 nm and its composition was analyzed by (1)H NMR spectra. 25885939 9 52 theme methanol 1450:1457 arg1 extract 1459:1465 the methanol extract 1446:1465 the methanol extract of the A. crassiflora 1446:1487 RESULTS The fractionation of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction, resulting from the partition of the methanol extract of the A. crassiflora, afforded through chromatographic methods resulted in the isolation of kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-β-diglucoside. 25885939 13 53 with Pretreatment 2266:2277 arg1 extract 2284:2290 extract 2284:2290 extract 2284:2290 Pretreatment with extract failed to reduce the zymosan-induced edema formation and did not inhibit the carrageenan-induced mechanical allodynia. 25885939 3 54 theme antimutagenic/chemopreventive 430:458 arg1 activities 460:469 the anti-inflammatory, antiallodynic, and antimutagenic/chemopreventive activities 388:469 the anti-inflammatory, antiallodynic, and antimutagenic/chemopreventive activities of the 388:476 OBJECTIVE This study describes the anti-inflammatory, antiallodynic, and antimutagenic/chemopreventive activities of the leaves A. crassiflora methanolic extract. 25885939 0 55 theme action 109:114 arg1 mode 101:104 the antimutagenic mode 83:104 the antimutagenic mode of action of the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract 83:159 Analysis of the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive potential and description of the antimutagenic mode of action of the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract. 25885939 16 56 theme post-treatment 2974:2987 arg1 protocol 2989:2996 The post-treatment protocol 2970:2996 The post-treatment protocol 2970:2996 The post-treatment protocol increased the cyclophosphamide effects in 45.83%. 25885939 9 57 theme A. 1474:1475 arg1 crassiflora 1477:1487 the A. crassiflora 1470:1487 the A. crassiflora 1470:1487 RESULTS The fractionation of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction, resulting from the partition of the methanol extract of the A. crassiflora, afforded through chromatographic methods resulted in the isolation of kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-β-diglucoside. 25885939 6 58 from mg/kg 789:793 arg1 tests 814:818 both tests 809:818 both tests 809:818 Animals received orally, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg of extract in both tests, carrageenan-induced paw edema and myeloperoxidase activity. 25885939 7 59 from induction 1050:1058 arg1 paw 1138:1140 the mouse paw 1128:1140 the mouse paw 1128:1140 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 10 60 theme Oral 1621:1624 arg1 treatment 1626:1634 Oral treatment 1621:1634 Oral treatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of extract 1621:1668 Oral treatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema formation, with inhibitions of 53 ± 7% and 47 ± 10%; in MPO activity, the observed inhibitions were 60 ± 7% for 100 mg/kg treatment and 63 ± 7% for 300 mg/kg. 25885939 13 61 theme mechanical 2389:2398 arg1 allodynia 2400:2408 the carrageenan-induced mechanical allodynia 2365:2408 the carrageenan-induced mechanical allodynia 2365:2408 Pretreatment with extract failed to reduce the zymosan-induced edema formation and did not inhibit the carrageenan-induced mechanical allodynia. 25885939 10 62 from % 1866:1866 arg1 activity 1784:1791 MPO activity 1780:1791 MPO activity 1780:1791 Oral treatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema formation, with inhibitions of 53 ± 7% and 47 ± 10%; in MPO activity, the observed inhibitions were 60 ± 7% for 100 mg/kg treatment and 63 ± 7% for 300 mg/kg. 25885939 10 63 theme % 1774:1774 arg1 inhibitions 1740:1750 inhibitions 1740:1750 inhibitions of 53 ± 7% and 47 ± 10% 1740:1774 Oral treatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema formation, with inhibitions of 53 ± 7% and 47 ± 10%; in MPO activity, the observed inhibitions were 60 ± 7% for 100 mg/kg treatment and 63 ± 7% for 300 mg/kg. 25885939 7 64 theme mouse 1132:1136 arg1 paw 1138:1140 the mouse paw 1128:1140 the mouse paw 1128:1140 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 6 65 theme carrageenan-induced 821:839 arg1 edema 845:849 carrageenan-induced paw edema 821:849 carrageenan-induced paw edema 821:849 Animals received orally, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg of extract in both tests, carrageenan-induced paw edema and myeloperoxidase activity. 25885939 4 66 theme action 546:551 arg1 mode 538:541 Its antimutagenic mode 520:541 Its antimutagenic mode of action 520:551 Its antimutagenic mode of action was analyzed in a plant or animal experimental model. 25885939 10 67 theme ± 1770:1770 arg1 % 1774:1774 47 ± 10% 1767:1774 47 ± 10% 1767:1774 Oral treatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema formation, with inhibitions of 53 ± 7% and 47 ± 10%; in MPO activity, the observed inhibitions were 60 ± 7% for 100 mg/kg treatment and 63 ± 7% for 300 mg/kg. 25885939 14 68 with % 2528:2528 arg1 concentrations 2465:2478 different concentrations 2455:2478 different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) 2455:2499 Damage reduction in Allium cepa tested with different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) was 66.17, 75.75, and 69.19% for the pre-treatment; 72.72, 33.33, and 22.22% for the simple simultaneous treatment; 100.50, 93.93, and 102.52% for the simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation; 89.39, 79.79, and 84.34%; for the post-treatment, and 86.36, 81.31, and 93.43% for the continuous treatment. 25885939 14 68 with % 2528:2528 arg1 mg/L 2495:2498 5, 10, and 15 mg/L 2481:2498 5, 10, and 15 mg/L 2481:2498 Damage reduction in Allium cepa tested with different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) was 66.17, 75.75, and 69.19% for the pre-treatment; 72.72, 33.33, and 22.22% for the simple simultaneous treatment; 100.50, 93.93, and 102.52% for the simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation; 89.39, 79.79, and 84.34%; for the post-treatment, and 86.36, 81.31, and 93.43% for the continuous treatment. 25885939 0 69 theme potential 54:62 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive potential 0:62 Analysis of the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive potential and description of the antimutagenic mode of action of the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract. 25885939 0 69 theme potential 54:62 arg1 description 68:78 description 68:78 description of the antimutagenic mode of action of the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract 68:159 Analysis of the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive potential and description of the antimutagenic mode of action of the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract. 25885939 4 70 theme antimutagenic 524:536 arg1 mode 538:541 Its antimutagenic mode 520:541 Its antimutagenic mode of action 520:551 Its antimutagenic mode of action was analyzed in a plant or animal experimental model. 25885939 11 71 dep % 2041:2041 arg1 100 2038:2040 100 2038:2040 100 2038:2040 The ACME reduced significantly the total leukocytes (an inhibition of 78 ± 9% with 100 mg/kg and 90 ± 7% with 300 mg/kg) and protein levels (approximately 100% inhibition with both doses) in the pleurisy model. 25885939 8 72 theme mg/kg 1345:1349 arg1 dose 1334:1337 the dose 1330:1337 the dose of 15 mg/kg 1330:1349 To evaluate the antimutagenic/chemopreventive activity through the Allium cepa test, we used 5, 10, and 15 mg/L of extract, and for the micronucleus test in the peripheral blood, we used the dose of 15 mg/kg. 25885939 17 73 theme anti-inflammatory 3131:3147 arg1 potential 3161:3169 chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential 3111:3169 chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential 3111:3169 CONCLUSION These results suggest that this medicinal plant has chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential. 25885939 2 74 theme potential 305:313 arg1 source 315:320 a potential source 303:320 a potential source of new pharmacological principles 303:354 (Annonaceae) is a medicinal plant that is widely used in folk medicine, which leads to its investigation as a potential source of new pharmacological principles. 25885939 17 75 dep CONCLUSION 3048:3057 arg1 suggest 3073:3079 suggest 3073:3079 suggest that this medicinal plant has chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential 3073:3169 CONCLUSION These results suggest that this medicinal plant has chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential. 25885939 12 76 theme leukocyte 2175:2183 arg1 migration 2185:2193 leukocyte migration 2175:2193 leukocyte migration 2175:2193 In carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration into the pouch, the extract inhibited leukocyte migration only when administered 300 mg/kg per dose (the reduction was 43 ± 5%). 25885939 10 77 theme extract 1662:1668 arg1 treatment 1626:1634 Oral treatment 1621:1634 Oral treatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of extract 1621:1668 Oral treatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema formation, with inhibitions of 53 ± 7% and 47 ± 10%; in MPO activity, the observed inhibitions were 60 ± 7% for 100 mg/kg treatment and 63 ± 7% for 300 mg/kg. 25885939 3 78 dep A. 485:486 arg1 crassiflora 488:498 crassiflora 488:498 crassiflora 488:498 OBJECTIVE This study describes the anti-inflammatory, antiallodynic, and antimutagenic/chemopreventive activities of the leaves A. crassiflora methanolic extract. 25885939 15 79 theme simultaneous 2932:2943 arg1 protocols 2945:2953 simultaneous protocols 2932:2953 simultaneous protocols 2932:2953 The antimutagenic evaluation in the micronucleous test showed a damage reduction of 75.00 and 64.58% for the pre-treatment and simultaneous protocols, respectively. 25885939 7 80 theme carrageenan-induced 1086:1104 arg1 allodynia 1106:1114 carrageenan-induced allodynia 1086:1114 carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw 1086:1140 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 2 81 theme pharmacological 329:343 arg1 principles 345:354 new pharmacological principles 325:354 new pharmacological principles 325:354 (Annonaceae) is a medicinal plant that is widely used in folk medicine, which leads to its investigation as a potential source of new pharmacological principles. 25885939 9 82 theme kaempferol 1560:1569 arg1 3-O-β-glucoside 1571:1585 kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside 1560:1585 kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside 1560:1585 RESULTS The fractionation of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction, resulting from the partition of the methanol extract of the A. crassiflora, afforded through chromatographic methods resulted in the isolation of kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-β-diglucoside. 25885939 11 83 with % 1959:1959 arg1 mg/kg 1997:2001 300 mg/kg 1993:2001 300 mg/kg 1993:2001 The ACME reduced significantly the total leukocytes (an inhibition of 78 ± 9% with 100 mg/kg and 90 ± 7% with 300 mg/kg) and protein levels (approximately 100% inhibition with both doses) in the pleurisy model. 25885939 11 83 with % 1959:1959 arg1 mg/kg 1970:1974 100 mg/kg 1966:1974 100 mg/kg 1966:1974 The ACME reduced significantly the total leukocytes (an inhibition of 78 ± 9% with 100 mg/kg and 90 ± 7% with 300 mg/kg) and protein levels (approximately 100% inhibition with both doses) in the pleurisy model. 25885939 4 84 theme experimental 587:598 arg1 model 600:604 a plant or animal experimental model 569:604 model 600:604 Its antimutagenic mode of action was analyzed in a plant or animal experimental model. 25885939 7 85 theme inflammation 1069:1080 arg1 exudation 988:996 protein exudation 980:996 protein exudation 980:996 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 7 85 theme inflammation 1069:1080 arg1 migration 966:974 pleural cell migration 953:974 pleural cell migration 953:974 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 7 85 theme inflammation 1069:1080 arg1 response 1116:1123 carrageenan-induced allodynia response 1086:1123 carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw 1086:1140 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 7 85 theme inflammation 1069:1080 arg1 induction 1050:1058 induction 1050:1058 induction of joint inflammation 1050:1080 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 7 85 theme inflammation 1069:1080 arg1 migration 1024:1032 carrageenan-induced cell migration 999:1032 carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch 999:1047 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 8 86 used used 1231:1234 arg2 we 1228:1229 we 1228:1229 we 1228:1229 To evaluate the antimutagenic/chemopreventive activity through the Allium cepa test, we used 5, 10, and 15 mg/L of extract, and for the micronucleus test in the peripheral blood, we used the dose of 15 mg/kg. 25885939 11 87 theme ± 1956:1956 arg1 % 1959:1959 78 ± 9% 1953:1959 78 ± 9% with 100 mg/kg 1953:1974 The ACME reduced significantly the total leukocytes (an inhibition of 78 ± 9% with 100 mg/kg and 90 ± 7% with 300 mg/kg) and protein levels (approximately 100% inhibition with both doses) in the pleurisy model. 25885939 6 88 theme myeloperoxidase 855:869 arg1 activity 871:878 myeloperoxidase activity 855:878 myeloperoxidase activity 855:878 Animals received orally, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg of extract in both tests, carrageenan-induced paw edema and myeloperoxidase activity. 25885939 9 89 theme 3-O-β-diglucoside 1602:1618 arg1 isolation 1547:1555 the isolation 1543:1555 the isolation of kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-β-diglucoside 1543:1618 RESULTS The fractionation of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction, resulting from the partition of the methanol extract of the A. crassiflora, afforded through chromatographic methods resulted in the isolation of kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-β-diglucoside. 25885939 11 90 theme pleurisy 2078:2085 arg1 model 2087:2091 the pleurisy model 2074:2091 the pleurisy model 2074:2091 The ACME reduced significantly the total leukocytes (an inhibition of 78 ± 9% with 100 mg/kg and 90 ± 7% with 300 mg/kg) and protein levels (approximately 100% inhibition with both doses) in the pleurisy model. 25885939 6 91 from edema 845:849 arg1 tests 814:818 both tests 809:818 both tests 809:818 Animals received orally, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg of extract in both tests, carrageenan-induced paw edema and myeloperoxidase activity. 25885939 10 92 theme mg/kg 1840:1844 arg1 treatment 1846:1854 100 mg/kg treatment 1836:1854 100 mg/kg treatment 1836:1854 Oral treatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema formation, with inhibitions of 53 ± 7% and 47 ± 10%; in MPO activity, the observed inhibitions were 60 ± 7% for 100 mg/kg treatment and 63 ± 7% for 300 mg/kg. 25885939 0 93 theme Annona 123:128 arg1 extract 153:159 the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract 119:159 the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract 119:159 Analysis of the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive potential and description of the antimutagenic mode of action of the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract. 25885939 9 94 theme ethyl 1385:1389 arg1 acetate 1391:1397 ethyl acetate 1385:1397 the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction 1381:1411 RESULTS The fractionation of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction, resulting from the partition of the methanol extract of the A. crassiflora, afforded through chromatographic methods resulted in the isolation of kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-β-diglucoside. 25885939 9 94 theme ethyl 1385:1389 arg1 EA 1400:1401 EA 1400:1401 EA 1400:1401 RESULTS The fractionation of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction, resulting from the partition of the methanol extract of the A. crassiflora, afforded through chromatographic methods resulted in the isolation of kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-β-diglucoside. 25885939 14 95 theme Allium 2431:2436 arg1 cepa 2438:2441 Allium cepa 2431:2441 Allium cepa 2431:2441 Damage reduction in Allium cepa tested with different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) was 66.17, 75.75, and 69.19% for the pre-treatment; 72.72, 33.33, and 22.22% for the simple simultaneous treatment; 100.50, 93.93, and 102.52% for the simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation; 89.39, 79.79, and 84.34%; for the post-treatment, and 86.36, 81.31, and 93.43% for the continuous treatment. 25885939 11 96 with % 1986:1986 arg1 mg/kg 1997:2001 300 mg/kg 1993:2001 300 mg/kg 1993:2001 The ACME reduced significantly the total leukocytes (an inhibition of 78 ± 9% with 100 mg/kg and 90 ± 7% with 300 mg/kg) and protein levels (approximately 100% inhibition with both doses) in the pleurisy model. 25885939 11 96 with % 1986:1986 arg1 mg/kg 1970:1974 100 mg/kg 1966:1974 100 mg/kg 1966:1974 The ACME reduced significantly the total leukocytes (an inhibition of 78 ± 9% with 100 mg/kg and 90 ± 7% with 300 mg/kg) and protein levels (approximately 100% inhibition with both doses) in the pleurisy model. 25885939 12 97 theme 5 2261:2261 arg1 ± 2259:2259 ± 2259:2259 ± 2259:2259 In carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration into the pouch, the extract inhibited leukocyte migration only when administered 300 mg/kg per dose (the reduction was 43 ± 5%). 25885939 7 98 from migration 966:974 arg1 paw 1138:1140 the mouse paw 1128:1140 the mouse paw 1128:1140 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 0 99 theme methanolic 142:151 arg1 extract 153:159 the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract 119:159 the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract 119:159 Analysis of the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive potential and description of the antimutagenic mode of action of the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract. 25885939 10 100 theme ± 1758:1758 arg1 % 1761:1761 53 ± 7% 1755:1761 53 ± 7% 1755:1761 Oral treatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema formation, with inhibitions of 53 ± 7% and 47 ± 10%; in MPO activity, the observed inhibitions were 60 ± 7% for 100 mg/kg treatment and 63 ± 7% for 300 mg/kg. 25885939 14 101 theme simultaneous 2593:2604 arg1 treatment 2606:2614 the simple simultaneous treatment 2582:2614 the simple simultaneous treatment 2582:2614 Damage reduction in Allium cepa tested with different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) was 66.17, 75.75, and 69.19% for the pre-treatment; 72.72, 33.33, and 22.22% for the simple simultaneous treatment; 100.50, 93.93, and 102.52% for the simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation; 89.39, 79.79, and 84.34%; for the post-treatment, and 86.36, 81.31, and 93.43% for the continuous treatment. 25885939 14 102 from reduction 2418:2426 arg1 cepa 2438:2441 Allium cepa 2431:2441 Allium cepa 2431:2441 Damage reduction in Allium cepa tested with different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) was 66.17, 75.75, and 69.19% for the pre-treatment; 72.72, 33.33, and 22.22% for the simple simultaneous treatment; 100.50, 93.93, and 102.52% for the simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation; 89.39, 79.79, and 84.34%; for the post-treatment, and 86.36, 81.31, and 93.43% for the continuous treatment. 25885939 10 103 theme ± 1863:1863 arg1 % 1866:1866 63 ± 7% 1860:1866 63 ± 7% for 300 mg/kg 1860:1880 Oral treatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema formation, with inhibitions of 53 ± 7% and 47 ± 10%; in MPO activity, the observed inhibitions were 60 ± 7% for 100 mg/kg treatment and 63 ± 7% for 300 mg/kg. 25885939 7 104 theme carrageenan-induced 999:1017 arg1 migration 1024:1032 carrageenan-induced cell migration 999:1032 carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch 999:1047 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 7 105 theme protein 980:986 arg1 exudation 988:996 protein exudation 980:996 protein exudation 980:996 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 8 106 theme cepa 1217:1220 arg1 test 1222:1225 the Allium cepa test 1206:1225 the Allium cepa test 1206:1225 To evaluate the antimutagenic/chemopreventive activity through the Allium cepa test, we used 5, 10, and 15 mg/L of extract, and for the micronucleus test in the peripheral blood, we used the dose of 15 mg/kg. 25885939 11 107 with inhibition 2043:2052 arg1 doses 2064:2068 both doses 2059:2068 both doses 2059:2068 The ACME reduced significantly the total leukocytes (an inhibition of 78 ± 9% with 100 mg/kg and 90 ± 7% with 300 mg/kg) and protein levels (approximately 100% inhibition with both doses) in the pleurisy model. 25885939 14 108 theme simple 2586:2591 arg1 treatment 2606:2614 the simple simultaneous treatment 2582:2614 the simple simultaneous treatment 2582:2614 Damage reduction in Allium cepa tested with different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) was 66.17, 75.75, and 69.19% for the pre-treatment; 72.72, 33.33, and 22.22% for the simple simultaneous treatment; 100.50, 93.93, and 102.52% for the simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation; 89.39, 79.79, and 84.34%; for the post-treatment, and 86.36, 81.31, and 93.43% for the continuous treatment. 25885939 2 109 theme folk 252:255 arg1 medicine 257:264 folk medicine 252:264 folk medicine 252:264 (Annonaceae) is a medicinal plant that is widely used in folk medicine, which leads to its investigation as a potential source of new pharmacological principles. 25885939 12 110 theme leukocyte 2117:2125 arg1 migration 2127:2135 carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration 2097:2135 carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration into the pouch 2097:2150 In carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration into the pouch, the extract inhibited leukocyte migration only when administered 300 mg/kg per dose (the reduction was 43 ± 5%). 25885939 13 111 theme zymosan-induced 2313:2327 arg1 formation 2335:2343 the zymosan-induced edema formation 2309:2343 the zymosan-induced edema formation 2309:2343 Pretreatment with extract failed to reduce the zymosan-induced edema formation and did not inhibit the carrageenan-induced mechanical allodynia. 25885939 8 112 used used 1325:1328 arg2 we 1322:1323 we 1322:1323 we 1322:1323 To evaluate the antimutagenic/chemopreventive activity through the Allium cepa test, we used 5, 10, and 15 mg/L of extract, and for the micronucleus test in the peripheral blood, we used the dose of 15 mg/kg. 25885939 10 113 theme % 1761:1761 arg1 inhibitions 1740:1750 inhibitions 1740:1750 inhibitions of 53 ± 7% and 47 ± 10% 1740:1774 Oral treatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema formation, with inhibitions of 53 ± 7% and 47 ± 10%; in MPO activity, the observed inhibitions were 60 ± 7% for 100 mg/kg treatment and 63 ± 7% for 300 mg/kg. 25885939 7 114 theme pleural 953:959 arg1 migration 966:974 pleural cell migration 953:974 pleural cell migration 953:974 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 7 115 from response 1116:1123 arg1 paw 1138:1140 the mouse paw 1128:1140 the mouse paw 1128:1140 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 5 116 theme NMR 734:736 arg1 spectra 738:744 (1)H NMR spectra 729:744 (1)H NMR spectra 729:744 MATERIALS AND METHODS Total flavonoids were quantified by spectrophotometry at 415 nm and its composition was analyzed by (1)H NMR spectra. 25885939 0 117 theme antimutagenic 87:99 arg1 mode 101:104 the antimutagenic mode 83:104 the antimutagenic mode of action of the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract 83:159 Analysis of the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive potential and description of the antimutagenic mode of action of the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract. 25885939 12 118 theme 43 2256:2257 arg1 ± 2259:2259 ± 2259:2259 ± 2259:2259 In carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration into the pouch, the extract inhibited leukocyte migration only when administered 300 mg/kg per dose (the reduction was 43 ± 5%). 25885939 11 119 theme protein 2008:2014 arg1 levels 2016:2021 the total leukocytes (an inhibition of 78 ± 9% with 100 mg/kg and 90 ± 7% with 300 mg/kg) and protein levels 1914:2021 levels 2016:2021 The ACME reduced significantly the total leukocytes (an inhibition of 78 ± 9% with 100 mg/kg and 90 ± 7% with 300 mg/kg) and protein levels (approximately 100% inhibition with both doses) in the pleurisy model. 25885939 5 120 theme H 732:732 arg1 spectra 738:744 (1)H NMR spectra 729:744 (1)H NMR spectra 729:744 MATERIALS AND METHODS Total flavonoids were quantified by spectrophotometry at 415 nm and its composition was analyzed by (1)H NMR spectra. 25885939 5 121 theme METHODS 621:627 arg1 flavonoids 635:644 MATERIALS AND METHODS Total flavonoids 607:644 MATERIALS AND METHODS Total flavonoids 607:644 MATERIALS AND METHODS Total flavonoids were quantified by spectrophotometry at 415 nm and its composition was analyzed by (1)H NMR spectra. 25885939 8 122 theme micronucleus 1279:1290 arg1 test 1292:1295 the micronucleus test 1275:1295 the micronucleus test in the peripheral blood 1275:1319 To evaluate the antimutagenic/chemopreventive activity through the Allium cepa test, we used 5, 10, and 15 mg/L of extract, and for the micronucleus test in the peripheral blood, we used the dose of 15 mg/kg. 25885939 9 123 theme extract 1459:1465 arg1 partition 1433:1441 the partition 1429:1441 the partition of the methanol extract of the A. crassiflora 1429:1487 RESULTS The fractionation of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction, resulting from the partition of the methanol extract of the A. crassiflora, afforded through chromatographic methods resulted in the isolation of kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-β-diglucoside. 25885939 12 124 dep dose 2232:2235 arg1 reduction 2242:2250 the reduction 2238:2250 the reduction was 43 ± 5% 2238:2262 In carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration into the pouch, the extract inhibited leukocyte migration only when administered 300 mg/kg per dose (the reduction was 43 ± 5%). 25885939 11 125 theme % 1986:1986 arg1 inhibition 1939:1948 an inhibition 1936:1948 an inhibition of 78 ± 9% with 100 mg/kg and 90 ± 7% with 300 mg/kg 1936:2001 The ACME reduced significantly the total leukocytes (an inhibition of 78 ± 9% with 100 mg/kg and 90 ± 7% with 300 mg/kg) and protein levels (approximately 100% inhibition with both doses) in the pleurisy model. 25885939 15 126 theme micronucleous 2841:2853 arg1 test 2855:2858 the micronucleous test 2837:2858 the micronucleous test 2837:2858 The antimutagenic evaluation in the micronucleous test showed a damage reduction of 75.00 and 64.58% for the pre-treatment and simultaneous protocols, respectively. 25885939 8 127 theme peripheral 1304:1313 arg1 blood 1315:1319 the peripheral blood 1300:1319 the peripheral blood 1300:1319 To evaluate the antimutagenic/chemopreventive activity through the Allium cepa test, we used 5, 10, and 15 mg/L of extract, and for the micronucleus test in the peripheral blood, we used the dose of 15 mg/kg. 25885939 0 128 theme anti-inflammatory 16:32 arg1 potential 54:62 the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive potential 12:62 the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive potential 12:62 Analysis of the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive potential and description of the antimutagenic mode of action of the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract. 25885939 5 129 theme MATERIALS 607:615 arg1 flavonoids 635:644 MATERIALS AND METHODS Total flavonoids 607:644 MATERIALS AND METHODS Total flavonoids 607:644 MATERIALS AND METHODS Total flavonoids were quantified by spectrophotometry at 415 nm and its composition was analyzed by (1)H NMR spectra. 25885939 9 130 theme crassiflora 1477:1487 arg1 extract 1459:1465 the methanol extract 1446:1465 the methanol extract of the A. crassiflora 1446:1487 RESULTS The fractionation of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction, resulting from the partition of the methanol extract of the A. crassiflora, afforded through chromatographic methods resulted in the isolation of kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-β-diglucoside. 25885939 11 131 theme ± 1983:1983 arg1 % 1986:1986 90 ± 7% 1980:1986 90 ± 7% with 300 mg/kg 1980:2001 The ACME reduced significantly the total leukocytes (an inhibition of 78 ± 9% with 100 mg/kg and 90 ± 7% with 300 mg/kg) and protein levels (approximately 100% inhibition with both doses) in the pleurisy model. 25885939 4 132 theme animal 580:585 arg1 model 600:604 a plant or animal experimental model 569:604 model 600:604 Its antimutagenic mode of action was analyzed in a plant or animal experimental model. 25885939 3 133 theme A. 485:486 arg1 extract 511:517 A. crassiflora methanolic extract 485:517 A. crassiflora methanolic extract 485:517 OBJECTIVE This study describes the anti-inflammatory, antiallodynic, and antimutagenic/chemopreventive activities of the leaves A. crassiflora methanolic extract. 25885939 0 134 theme chemopreventive 38:52 arg1 potential 54:62 the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive potential 12:62 the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive potential 12:62 Analysis of the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive potential and description of the antimutagenic mode of action of the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract. 25885939 6 135 theme paw 841:843 arg1 edema 845:849 carrageenan-induced paw edema 821:849 carrageenan-induced paw edema 821:849 Animals received orally, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg of extract in both tests, carrageenan-induced paw edema and myeloperoxidase activity. 25885939 3 136 theme antiallodynic 411:423 arg1 activities 460:469 the anti-inflammatory, antiallodynic, and antimutagenic/chemopreventive activities 388:469 the anti-inflammatory, antiallodynic, and antimutagenic/chemopreventive activities of the 388:476 OBJECTIVE This study describes the anti-inflammatory, antiallodynic, and antimutagenic/chemopreventive activities of the leaves A. crassiflora methanolic extract. 25885939 3 137 theme the 474:476 arg1 activities 460:469 the anti-inflammatory, antiallodynic, and antimutagenic/chemopreventive activities 388:469 the anti-inflammatory, antiallodynic, and antimutagenic/chemopreventive activities of the 388:476 OBJECTIVE This study describes the anti-inflammatory, antiallodynic, and antimutagenic/chemopreventive activities of the leaves A. crassiflora methanolic extract. 25885939 15 138 theme damage 2869:2874 arg1 reduction 2876:2884 a damage reduction 2867:2884 a damage reduction of 75.00 and 64.58% for the pre-treatment and simultaneous protocols, respectively 2867:2967 The antimutagenic evaluation in the micronucleous test showed a damage reduction of 75.00 and 64.58% for the pre-treatment and simultaneous protocols, respectively. 25885939 9 139 theme chromatographic 1507:1521 arg1 methods 1523:1529 chromatographic methods 1507:1529 chromatographic methods 1507:1529 RESULTS The fractionation of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction, resulting from the partition of the methanol extract of the A. crassiflora, afforded through chromatographic methods resulted in the isolation of kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-β-diglucoside. 25885939 3 140 theme anti-inflammatory 392:408 arg1 activities 460:469 the anti-inflammatory, antiallodynic, and antimutagenic/chemopreventive activities 388:469 the anti-inflammatory, antiallodynic, and antimutagenic/chemopreventive activities of the 388:476 OBJECTIVE This study describes the anti-inflammatory, antiallodynic, and antimutagenic/chemopreventive activities of the leaves A. crassiflora methanolic extract. 25885939 14 141 dep tested 2443:2448 arg1 % 2528:2528 66.17, 75.75, and 69.19% 2505:2528 66.17, 75.75, and 69.19% 2505:2528 Damage reduction in Allium cepa tested with different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) was 66.17, 75.75, and 69.19% for the pre-treatment; 72.72, 33.33, and 22.22% for the simple simultaneous treatment; 100.50, 93.93, and 102.52% for the simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation; 89.39, 79.79, and 84.34%; for the post-treatment, and 86.36, 81.31, and 93.43% for the continuous treatment. 25885939 1 142 dep Mart 189:192 arg1 CONTEXT 162:168 CONTEXT 162:168 CONTEXT 162:168 CONTEXT Annona crassiflora Mart. 25885939 15 143 from evaluation 2823:2832 arg1 test 2855:2858 the micronucleous test 2837:2858 the micronucleous test 2837:2858 The antimutagenic evaluation in the micronucleous test showed a damage reduction of 75.00 and 64.58% for the pre-treatment and simultaneous protocols, respectively. 25885939 7 144 from exudation 988:996 arg1 paw 1138:1140 the mouse paw 1128:1140 the mouse paw 1128:1140 Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. 25885939 11 145 dep inhibition 2043:2052 arg1 % 2041:2041 % 2041:2041 % 2041:2041 The ACME reduced significantly the total leukocytes (an inhibition of 78 ± 9% with 100 mg/kg and 90 ± 7% with 300 mg/kg) and protein levels (approximately 100% inhibition with both doses) in the pleurisy model. 25885939 10 146 theme MPO 1780:1782 arg1 activity 1784:1791 MPO activity 1780:1791 MPO activity 1780:1791 Oral treatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema formation, with inhibitions of 53 ± 7% and 47 ± 10%; in MPO activity, the observed inhibitions were 60 ± 7% for 100 mg/kg treatment and 63 ± 7% for 300 mg/kg. 25885939 17 147 theme therapeutic 3149:3159 arg1 potential 3161:3169 chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential 3111:3169 chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential 3111:3169 CONCLUSION These results suggest that this medicinal plant has chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential. 25885939 3 148 theme methanolic 500:509 arg1 extract 511:517 A. crassiflora methanolic extract 485:517 A. crassiflora methanolic extract 485:517 OBJECTIVE This study describes the anti-inflammatory, antiallodynic, and antimutagenic/chemopreventive activities of the leaves A. crassiflora methanolic extract. 25885939 8 149 from test 1292:1295 arg1 blood 1315:1319 the peripheral blood 1300:1319 the peripheral blood 1300:1319 To evaluate the antimutagenic/chemopreventive activity through the Allium cepa test, we used 5, 10, and 15 mg/L of extract, and for the micronucleus test in the peripheral blood, we used the dose of 15 mg/kg. 25885939 16 150 from effects 3029:3035 arg1 % 3045:3045 45.83% 3040:3045 45.83% 3040:3045 The post-treatment protocol increased the cyclophosphamide effects in 45.83%. 25885939 6 151 theme extract 798:804 arg1 activity 871:878 myeloperoxidase activity 855:878 myeloperoxidase activity 855:878 Animals received orally, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg of extract in both tests, carrageenan-induced paw edema and myeloperoxidase activity. 25885939 6 151 theme extract 798:804 arg1 mg/kg 789:793 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg 772:793 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg of extract in both tests 772:818 Animals received orally, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg of extract in both tests, carrageenan-induced paw edema and myeloperoxidase activity. 25885939 6 151 theme extract 798:804 arg1 edema 845:849 carrageenan-induced paw edema 821:849 carrageenan-induced paw edema 821:849 Animals received orally, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg of extract in both tests, carrageenan-induced paw edema and myeloperoxidase activity. 25885939 14 152 dep pre-treatment 2538:2550 arg1 79.79 2703:2707 79.79 2703:2707 79.79 2703:2707 Damage reduction in Allium cepa tested with different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) was 66.17, 75.75, and 69.19% for the pre-treatment; 72.72, 33.33, and 22.22% for the simple simultaneous treatment; 100.50, 93.93, and 102.52% for the simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation; 89.39, 79.79, and 84.34%; for the post-treatment, and 86.36, 81.31, and 93.43% for the continuous treatment. 25885939 14 152 dep pre-treatment 2538:2550 arg1 % 2642:2642 100.50, 93.93, and 102.52% 2617:2642 100.50, 93.93, and 102.52% for the simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation 2617:2693 Damage reduction in Allium cepa tested with different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) was 66.17, 75.75, and 69.19% for the pre-treatment; 72.72, 33.33, and 22.22% for the simple simultaneous treatment; 100.50, 93.93, and 102.52% for the simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation; 89.39, 79.79, and 84.34%; for the post-treatment, and 86.36, 81.31, and 93.43% for the continuous treatment. 25885939 14 152 dep pre-treatment 2538:2550 arg1 % 2576:2576 72.72, 33.33, and 22.22% 2553:2576 72.72, 33.33, and 22.22% for the simple simultaneous treatment 2553:2614 Damage reduction in Allium cepa tested with different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) was 66.17, 75.75, and 69.19% for the pre-treatment; 72.72, 33.33, and 22.22% for the simple simultaneous treatment; 100.50, 93.93, and 102.52% for the simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation; 89.39, 79.79, and 84.34%; for the post-treatment, and 86.36, 81.31, and 93.43% for the continuous treatment. 25885939 14 152 dep pre-treatment 2538:2550 arg1 % 2719:2719 84.34% 2714:2719 84.34% 2714:2719 Damage reduction in Allium cepa tested with different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) was 66.17, 75.75, and 69.19% for the pre-treatment; 72.72, 33.33, and 22.22% for the simple simultaneous treatment; 100.50, 93.93, and 102.52% for the simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation; 89.39, 79.79, and 84.34%; for the post-treatment, and 86.36, 81.31, and 93.43% for the continuous treatment. 25885939 14 152 dep pre-treatment 2538:2550 arg1 89.39 2696:2700 89.39 2696:2700 89.39 2696:2700 Damage reduction in Allium cepa tested with different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) was 66.17, 75.75, and 69.19% for the pre-treatment; 72.72, 33.33, and 22.22% for the simple simultaneous treatment; 100.50, 93.93, and 102.52% for the simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation; 89.39, 79.79, and 84.34%; for the post-treatment, and 86.36, 81.31, and 93.43% for the continuous treatment. 25885939 2 153 theme principles 345:354 arg1 source 315:320 a potential source 303:320 a potential source of new pharmacological principles 303:354 (Annonaceae) is a medicinal plant that is widely used in folk medicine, which leads to its investigation as a potential source of new pharmacological principles. 27444333 2 0 theme oligopeptide 373:384 arg1 chain 340:344 the thioester side chain 321:344 the thioester side chain of an N-terminal aspartate oligopeptide 321:384 The first NCL connects an N-linked glycosyl auxiliary to the thioester side chain of an N-terminal aspartate oligopeptide. 27444333 3 1 with NCL 424:426 arg1 oligopeptide 456:467 a C-terminal thioester oligopeptide 433:467 a C-terminal thioester oligopeptide 433:467 This intermediate undergoes a second NCL with a C-terminal thioester oligopeptide. 27444333 0 2 theme N-Glycopeptide 100:113 arg1 Synthesis 115:123 N-Glycopeptide Synthesis 100:123 N-Glycopeptide Synthesis 100:123 N-Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation on Aspartic Acid: Application towards N-Glycopeptide Synthesis. 27444333 2 3 theme aspartate 363:371 arg1 oligopeptide 373:384 an N-terminal aspartate oligopeptide 349:384 an N-terminal aspartate oligopeptide 349:384 The first NCL connects an N-linked glycosyl auxiliary to the thioester side chain of an N-terminal aspartate oligopeptide. 27444333 2 4 theme glycosyl 299:306 arg1 auxiliary 308:316 an N-linked glycosyl auxiliary 287:316 an N-linked glycosyl auxiliary 287:316 The first NCL connects an N-linked glycosyl auxiliary to the thioester side chain of an N-terminal aspartate oligopeptide. 27444333 1 5 theme dual 208:211 arg1 NCL 239:241 NCL 239:241 NCL 239:241 A practical approach towards N-glycopeptide synthesis using an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation (NCL) has been developed. 27444333 1 5 theme dual 208:211 arg1 ligation 229:236 an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation 186:236 an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation (NCL) 186:242 A practical approach towards N-glycopeptide synthesis using an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation (NCL) has been developed. 27444333 0 6 from Ligation 53:60 arg1 Acid 74:77 Aspartic Acid 65:77 Aspartic Acid 65:77 N-Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation on Aspartic Acid: Application towards N-Glycopeptide Synthesis. 27444333 2 7 theme N-linked 290:297 arg1 auxiliary 308:316 an N-linked glycosyl auxiliary 287:316 an N-linked glycosyl auxiliary 287:316 The first NCL connects an N-linked glycosyl auxiliary to the thioester side chain of an N-terminal aspartate oligopeptide. 27444333 1 8 theme native 213:218 arg1 NCL 239:241 NCL 239:241 NCL 239:241 A practical approach towards N-glycopeptide synthesis using an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation (NCL) has been developed. 27444333 1 8 theme native 213:218 arg1 ligation 229:236 an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation 186:236 an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation (NCL) 186:242 A practical approach towards N-glycopeptide synthesis using an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation (NCL) has been developed. 27444333 0 9 theme Glycosyl 9:16 arg1 Ligation 53:60 N-Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation 0:60 N-Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation on Aspartic Acid: Application towards N-Glycopeptide Synthesis. 0:124 N-Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation on Aspartic Acid: Application towards N-Glycopeptide Synthesis. 27444333 1 10 theme chemical 220:227 arg1 NCL 239:241 NCL 239:241 NCL 239:241 A practical approach towards N-glycopeptide synthesis using an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation (NCL) has been developed. 27444333 1 10 theme chemical 220:227 arg1 ligation 229:236 an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation 186:236 an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation (NCL) 186:242 A practical approach towards N-glycopeptide synthesis using an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation (NCL) has been developed. 27444333 0 11 theme N-Linked 0:7 arg1 Ligation 53:60 N-Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation 0:60 N-Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation on Aspartic Acid: Application towards N-Glycopeptide Synthesis. 0:124 N-Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation on Aspartic Acid: Application towards N-Glycopeptide Synthesis. 27444333 2 12 theme side 335:338 arg1 chain 340:344 the thioester side chain 321:344 the thioester side chain of an N-terminal aspartate oligopeptide 321:384 The first NCL connects an N-linked glycosyl auxiliary to the thioester side chain of an N-terminal aspartate oligopeptide. 27444333 0 13 theme Native 37:42 arg1 Ligation 53:60 N-Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation 0:60 N-Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation on Aspartic Acid: Application towards N-Glycopeptide Synthesis. 0:124 N-Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation on Aspartic Acid: Application towards N-Glycopeptide Synthesis. 27444333 2 14 link N-linked 290:297 arg1 auxiliary 308:316 an N-linked glycosyl auxiliary 287:316 an N-linked glycosyl auxiliary 287:316 The first NCL connects an N-linked glycosyl auxiliary to the thioester side chain of an N-terminal aspartate oligopeptide. 27444333 2 15 theme thioester 325:333 arg1 chain 340:344 the thioester side chain 321:344 the thioester side chain of an N-terminal aspartate oligopeptide 321:384 The first NCL connects an N-linked glycosyl auxiliary to the thioester side chain of an N-terminal aspartate oligopeptide. 27444333 0 16 theme Auxiliary-Mediated 18:35 arg1 Ligation 53:60 N-Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation 0:60 N-Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation on Aspartic Acid: Application towards N-Glycopeptide Synthesis. 0:124 N-Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation on Aspartic Acid: Application towards N-Glycopeptide Synthesis. 27444333 1 17 theme auxiliary-mediated 189:206 arg1 NCL 239:241 NCL 239:241 NCL 239:241 A practical approach towards N-glycopeptide synthesis using an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation (NCL) has been developed. 27444333 1 17 theme auxiliary-mediated 189:206 arg1 ligation 229:236 an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation 186:236 an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation (NCL) 186:242 A practical approach towards N-glycopeptide synthesis using an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation (NCL) has been developed. 27444333 3 18 theme C-terminal 435:444 arg1 oligopeptide 456:467 a C-terminal thioester oligopeptide 433:467 a C-terminal thioester oligopeptide 433:467 This intermediate undergoes a second NCL with a C-terminal thioester oligopeptide. 27444333 1 19 gly N-glycopeptide 155:168 arg2 N-glycopeptide 155:168 N-glycopeptide synthesis 155:178 N-glycopeptide synthesis using an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation (NCL) 155:242 A practical approach towards N-glycopeptide synthesis using an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation (NCL) has been developed. 27444333 0 20 theme Chemical 44:51 arg1 Ligation 53:60 N-Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation 0:60 N-Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation on Aspartic Acid: Application towards N-Glycopeptide Synthesis. 0:124 N-Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation on Aspartic Acid: Application towards N-Glycopeptide Synthesis. 27444333 3 21 theme thioester 446:454 arg1 oligopeptide 456:467 a C-terminal thioester oligopeptide 433:467 a C-terminal thioester oligopeptide 433:467 This intermediate undergoes a second NCL with a C-terminal thioester oligopeptide. 27444333 0 22 theme Aspartic 65:72 arg1 Acid 74:77 Aspartic Acid 65:77 Aspartic Acid 65:77 N-Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation on Aspartic Acid: Application towards N-Glycopeptide Synthesis. 27444333 4 23 theme desired 497:503 arg1 N-glycopeptide 505:518 the desired N-glycopeptide 493:518 the desired N-glycopeptide 493:518 Mild cleavage provides the desired N-glycopeptide. 27444333 0 24 dep Ligation 53:60 arg1 Application 80:90 Application 80:90 N-Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation on Aspartic Acid: Application towards N-Glycopeptide Synthesis. 0:124 N-Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation on Aspartic Acid: Application towards N-Glycopeptide Synthesis. 27444333 1 25 theme practical 128:136 arg1 approach 138:145 A practical approach 126:145 A practical approach towards N-glycopeptide synthesis using an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation (NCL) 126:242 A practical approach towards N-glycopeptide synthesis using an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation (NCL) has been developed. 27444333 2 26 theme N-terminal 352:361 arg1 oligopeptide 373:384 an N-terminal aspartate oligopeptide 349:384 an N-terminal aspartate oligopeptide 349:384 The first NCL connects an N-linked glycosyl auxiliary to the thioester side chain of an N-terminal aspartate oligopeptide. 27444333 1 27 theme N-glycopeptide 155:168 arg1 synthesis 170:178 N-glycopeptide synthesis 155:178 N-glycopeptide synthesis using an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation (NCL) 155:242 A practical approach towards N-glycopeptide synthesis using an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation (NCL) has been developed. 27444333 4 28 theme Mild 470:473 arg1 cleavage 475:482 Mild cleavage 470:482 Mild cleavage 470:482 Mild cleavage provides the desired N-glycopeptide. 27444333 4 29 gly N-glycopeptide 505:518 arg2 N-glycopeptide 505:518 the desired N-glycopeptide 493:518 the desired N-glycopeptide 493:518 Mild cleavage provides the desired N-glycopeptide. 27444333 2 30 theme first 268:272 arg1 NCL 274:276 The first NCL 264:276 The first NCL 264:276 The first NCL connects an N-linked glycosyl auxiliary to the thioester side chain of an N-terminal aspartate oligopeptide. 27444333 3 31 theme second 417:422 arg1 NCL 424:426 a second NCL 415:426 a second NCL with a C-terminal thioester oligopeptide 415:467 This intermediate undergoes a second NCL with a C-terminal thioester oligopeptide. 24255131 0 0 theme hepatocellular 91:104 arg1 carcinoma 106:114 human hepatocellular carcinoma 85:114 human hepatocellular carcinoma 85:114 Modification of sialylation mediates the invasive properties and chemosensitivity of human hepatocellular carcinoma. 24255131 7 1 theme signaling 1275:1283 arg1 pathway 1285:1291 the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway 1234:1291 the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway 1234:1291 Further data indicated that manipulation of the expression of the two genes led to altered activity of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. 24255131 3 2 gly sialylated 600:609 arg1 N-glycans 611:619 sialylated N-glycans 600:619 sialylated N-glycans 600:619 Using mass spectrometry analysis, we found that the composition profiling of sialylated N-glycans differed between MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells with different metastatic potential. 24255131 2 3 from chemosensitivity 336:351 arg1 lines 398:402 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines 356:402 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines 356:402 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 2 3 from chemosensitivity 336:351 arg1 association 412:422 the association 408:422 the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients 408:520 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 6 4 theme MHCC97L 1090:1096 arg1 cells 1098:1102 MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells 1078:1102 MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells both in vitro and in vivo 1078:1128 The altered expression levels of ST6GAL1 and ST8SIA2 corresponded to a changed invasive phenotype and chemosensitivity of MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells both in vitro and in vivo. 24255131 0 5 theme human 85:89 arg1 carcinoma 106:114 human hepatocellular carcinoma 85:114 human hepatocellular carcinoma 85:114 Modification of sialylation mediates the invasive properties and chemosensitivity of human hepatocellular carcinoma. 24255131 6 6 theme ST6GAL1 989:995 arg1 levels 979:984 The altered expression levels 956:984 The altered expression levels of ST6GAL1 and ST8SIA2 956:1007 The altered expression levels of ST6GAL1 and ST8SIA2 corresponded to a changed invasive phenotype and chemosensitivity of MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells both in vitro and in vivo. 24255131 7 7 theme genes 1201:1205 arg1 expression 1179:1188 the expression 1175:1188 the expression of the two genes 1175:1205 Further data indicated that manipulation of the expression of the two genes led to altered activity of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. 24255131 2 8 theme cell 393:396 arg1 lines 398:402 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines 356:402 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines 356:402 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 8 9 theme PI3K/Akt 1308:1315 arg1 pathway 1317:1323 the PI3K/Akt pathway 1304:1323 the PI3K/Akt pathway 1304:1323 Targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway by its specific inhibitor wortmannin or by Akt RNA interference resulted in a reduced capacity for invasion and chemoresistance of MHCC97H cells. 24255131 3 10 with cells 658:662 arg1 potential 690:698 different metastatic potential 669:698 different metastatic potential 669:698 Using mass spectrometry analysis, we found that the composition profiling of sialylated N-glycans differed between MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells with different metastatic potential. 24255131 3 11 theme N-glycans 611:619 arg1 composition 575:585 the composition profiling 571:595 the composition profiling of sialylated N-glycans 571:619 Using mass spectrometry analysis, we found that the composition profiling of sialylated N-glycans differed between MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells with different metastatic potential. 24255131 2 12 theme chemosensitivity 336:351 arg1 modification 296:307 the modification 292:307 the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients 292:520 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 6 13 theme MHCC97H 1078:1084 arg1 cells 1098:1102 MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells 1078:1102 MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells both in vitro and in vivo 1078:1128 The altered expression levels of ST6GAL1 and ST8SIA2 corresponded to a changed invasive phenotype and chemosensitivity of MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells both in vitro and in vivo. 24255131 0 14 theme carcinoma 106:114 arg1 chemosensitivity 65:80 chemosensitivity 65:80 chemosensitivity 65:80 Modification of sialylation mediates the invasive properties and chemosensitivity of human hepatocellular carcinoma. 24255131 0 14 theme carcinoma 106:114 arg1 properties 50:59 the invasive properties 37:59 the invasive properties 37:59 Modification of sialylation mediates the invasive properties and chemosensitivity of human hepatocellular carcinoma. 24255131 4 15 theme same 848:851 arg1 patients 853:860 the same patients 844:860 the same patients 844:860 The expressional profiles of 20 sialyltransferase genes showed differential expression in two cell lines, transitional and tumor tissues, from the same patients. 24255131 4 16 from patients 853:860 arg1 transitional 807:818 transitional 807:818 transitional 807:818 The expressional profiles of 20 sialyltransferase genes showed differential expression in two cell lines, transitional and tumor tissues, from the same patients. 24255131 4 16 from patients 853:860 arg1 tissues 830:836 tumor tissues 824:836 tumor tissues 824:836 The expressional profiles of 20 sialyltransferase genes showed differential expression in two cell lines, transitional and tumor tissues, from the same patients. 24255131 4 16 from patients 853:860 arg1 lines 800:804 two cell lines 791:804 two cell lines 791:804 The expressional profiles of 20 sialyltransferase genes showed differential expression in two cell lines, transitional and tumor tissues, from the same patients. 24255131 4 16 from patients 853:860 arg1 expression 777:786 differential expression 764:786 differential expression in two cell lines, transitional and tumor tissues, from the same patients 764:860 The expressional profiles of 20 sialyltransferase genes showed differential expression in two cell lines, transitional and tumor tissues, from the same patients. 24255131 2 17 theme properties 321:330 arg1 modification 296:307 the modification 292:307 the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients 292:520 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 4 18 from expression 777:786 arg1 patients 853:860 the same patients 844:860 the same patients 844:860 The expressional profiles of 20 sialyltransferase genes showed differential expression in two cell lines, transitional and tumor tissues, from the same patients. 24255131 4 18 from expression 777:786 arg1 tissues 830:836 tumor tissues 824:836 tumor tissues 824:836 The expressional profiles of 20 sialyltransferase genes showed differential expression in two cell lines, transitional and tumor tissues, from the same patients. 24255131 4 18 from expression 777:786 arg1 lines 800:804 two cell lines 791:804 two cell lines 791:804 The expressional profiles of 20 sialyltransferase genes showed differential expression in two cell lines, transitional and tumor tissues, from the same patients. 24255131 4 18 from expression 777:786 arg1 transitional 807:818 transitional 807:818 transitional 807:818 The expressional profiles of 20 sialyltransferase genes showed differential expression in two cell lines, transitional and tumor tissues, from the same patients. 24255131 8 19 theme Akt 1368:1370 arg1 interference 1376:1387 Akt RNA interference 1368:1387 Akt RNA interference 1368:1387 Targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway by its specific inhibitor wortmannin or by Akt RNA interference resulted in a reduced capacity for invasion and chemoresistance of MHCC97H cells. 24255131 4 20 theme cell 795:798 arg1 transitional 807:818 transitional 807:818 transitional 807:818 The expressional profiles of 20 sialyltransferase genes showed differential expression in two cell lines, transitional and tumor tissues, from the same patients. 24255131 4 20 theme cell 795:798 arg1 tissues 830:836 tumor tissues 824:836 tumor tissues 824:836 The expressional profiles of 20 sialyltransferase genes showed differential expression in two cell lines, transitional and tumor tissues, from the same patients. 24255131 4 20 theme cell 795:798 arg1 lines 800:804 two cell lines 791:804 two cell lines 791:804 The expressional profiles of 20 sialyltransferase genes showed differential expression in two cell lines, transitional and tumor tissues, from the same patients. 24255131 6 21 theme expression 968:977 arg1 levels 979:984 The altered expression levels 956:984 The altered expression levels of ST6GAL1 and ST8SIA2 956:1007 The altered expression levels of ST6GAL1 and ST8SIA2 corresponded to a changed invasive phenotype and chemosensitivity of MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells both in vitro and in vivo. 24255131 5 22 theme MHCC97L 941:947 arg1 cells 949:953 MHCC97L cells 941:953 MHCC97L cells 941:953 Two genes, ST6GAL1 and ST8SIA2, were detected as overexpressed in MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells. 24255131 2 23 theme invasive 312:319 arg1 properties 321:330 invasive properties 312:330 invasive properties 312:330 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 1 24 theme cells 195:199 arg1 phenotypes 175:184 malignant phenotypes 165:184 malignant phenotypes 165:184 Aberrant sialylation is closely associated with malignant phenotypes of tumor cells, including invasiveness and metastasis. 24255131 1 24 theme cells 195:199 arg1 invasiveness 212:223 invasiveness 212:223 invasiveness 212:223 Aberrant sialylation is closely associated with malignant phenotypes of tumor cells, including invasiveness and metastasis. 24255131 1 24 theme cells 195:199 arg1 metastasis 229:238 metastasis 229:238 metastasis 229:238 Aberrant sialylation is closely associated with malignant phenotypes of tumor cells, including invasiveness and metastasis. 24255131 7 25 theme PI3K 1265:1268 arg1 pathway 1285:1291 the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway 1234:1291 the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway 1234:1291 Further data indicated that manipulation of the expression of the two genes led to altered activity of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. 24255131 6 26 theme altered 960:966 arg1 levels 979:984 The altered expression levels 956:984 The altered expression levels of ST6GAL1 and ST8SIA2 956:1007 The altered expression levels of ST6GAL1 and ST8SIA2 corresponded to a changed invasive phenotype and chemosensitivity of MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells both in vitro and in vivo. 24255131 7 27 theme expression 1179:1188 arg1 manipulation 1159:1170 manipulation 1159:1170 manipulation of the expression of the two genes 1159:1205 Further data indicated that manipulation of the expression of the two genes led to altered activity of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. 24255131 2 28 from lines 398:402 arg1 patients 513:520 HCC patients 509:520 HCC patients 509:520 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 2 28 from lines 398:402 arg1 modification 296:307 the modification 292:307 the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients 292:520 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 3 29 theme sialylated 600:609 arg1 N-glycans 611:619 sialylated N-glycans 600:619 sialylated N-glycans 600:619 Using mass spectrometry analysis, we found that the composition profiling of sialylated N-glycans differed between MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells with different metastatic potential. 24255131 4 30 theme genes 751:755 arg1 profiles 718:725 The expressional profiles 701:725 The expressional profiles of 20 sialyltransferase genes 701:755 The expressional profiles of 20 sialyltransferase genes showed differential expression in two cell lines, transitional and tumor tissues, from the same patients. 24255131 7 31 theme phosphoinositide-3 1238:1255 arg1 pathway 1285:1291 the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway 1234:1291 the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway 1234:1291 Further data indicated that manipulation of the expression of the two genes led to altered activity of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. 24255131 3 32 theme profiling 587:595 arg1 composition 575:585 the composition profiling 571:595 the composition profiling of sialylated N-glycans 571:619 Using mass spectrometry analysis, we found that the composition profiling of sialylated N-glycans differed between MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells with different metastatic potential. 24255131 7 33 theme pathway 1285:1291 arg1 activity 1222:1229 altered activity 1214:1229 altered activity of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway 1214:1291 Further data indicated that manipulation of the expression of the two genes led to altered activity of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. 24255131 2 34 theme hepatocellular 362:375 arg1 HCC 388:390 HCC 388:390 HCC 388:390 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 2 34 theme hepatocellular 362:375 arg1 carcinoma 377:385 human hepatocellular carcinoma 356:385 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines 356:402 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 2 35 theme HCC 509:511 arg1 patients 513:520 HCC patients 509:520 HCC patients 509:520 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 3 36 theme MHCC97H 638:644 arg1 cells 658:662 MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells 638:662 MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells with different metastatic potential 638:698 Using mass spectrometry analysis, we found that the composition profiling of sialylated N-glycans differed between MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells with different metastatic potential. 24255131 7 37 theme altered 1214:1220 arg1 activity 1222:1229 altered activity 1214:1229 altered activity of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway 1214:1291 Further data indicated that manipulation of the expression of the two genes led to altered activity of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. 24255131 2 38 theme human 356:360 arg1 HCC 388:390 HCC 388:390 HCC 388:390 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 2 38 theme human 356:360 arg1 carcinoma 377:385 human hepatocellular carcinoma 356:385 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines 356:402 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 4 39 theme differential 764:775 arg1 expression 777:786 differential expression 764:786 differential expression in two cell lines, transitional and tumor tissues, from the same patients 764:860 The expressional profiles of 20 sialyltransferase genes showed differential expression in two cell lines, transitional and tumor tissues, from the same patients. 24255131 1 40 theme Aberrant 117:124 arg1 sialylation 126:136 Aberrant sialylation 117:136 Aberrant sialylation 117:136 Aberrant sialylation is closely associated with malignant phenotypes of tumor cells, including invasiveness and metastasis. 24255131 2 41 theme clinicopathological 470:488 arg1 characteristics 490:504 clinicopathological characteristics 470:504 clinicopathological characteristics 470:504 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 0 42 theme sialylation 16:26 arg1 Modification 0:11 Modification 0:11 Modification of sialylation 0:26 Modification of sialylation mediates the invasive properties and chemosensitivity of human hepatocellular carcinoma. 24255131 8 43 theme specific 1332:1339 arg1 wortmannin 1351:1360 its specific inhibitor wortmannin 1328:1360 its specific inhibitor wortmannin 1328:1360 Targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway by its specific inhibitor wortmannin or by Akt RNA interference resulted in a reduced capacity for invasion and chemoresistance of MHCC97H cells. 24255131 1 44 theme tumor 189:193 arg1 cells 195:199 tumor cells 189:199 tumor cells 189:199 Aberrant sialylation is closely associated with malignant phenotypes of tumor cells, including invasiveness and metastasis. 24255131 2 45 from modification 296:307 arg1 lines 398:402 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines 356:402 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines 356:402 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 2 45 from modification 296:307 arg1 association 412:422 the association 408:422 the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients 408:520 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 3 46 theme spectrometry 534:545 arg1 analysis 547:554 mass spectrometry analysis 529:554 mass spectrometry analysis 529:554 Using mass spectrometry analysis, we found that the composition profiling of sialylated N-glycans differed between MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells with different metastatic potential. 24255131 0 47 theme invasive 41:48 arg1 properties 50:59 the invasive properties 37:59 the invasive properties 37:59 Modification of sialylation mediates the invasive properties and chemosensitivity of human hepatocellular carcinoma. 24255131 6 48 theme invasive 1035:1042 arg1 phenotype 1044:1052 changed invasive phenotype 1027:1052 changed invasive phenotype 1027:1052 The altered expression levels of ST6GAL1 and ST8SIA2 corresponded to a changed invasive phenotype and chemosensitivity of MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells both in vitro and in vivo. 24255131 7 49 theme Further 1131:1137 arg1 data 1139:1142 Further data 1131:1142 Further data 1131:1142 Further data indicated that manipulation of the expression of the two genes led to altered activity of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. 24255131 7 50 theme kinase 1257:1262 arg1 pathway 1285:1291 the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway 1234:1291 the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway 1234:1291 Further data indicated that manipulation of the expression of the two genes led to altered activity of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. 24255131 3 51 theme different 669:677 arg1 potential 690:698 different metastatic potential 669:698 different metastatic potential 669:698 Using mass spectrometry analysis, we found that the composition profiling of sialylated N-glycans differed between MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells with different metastatic potential. 24255131 9 52 theme internal 1525:1532 arg1 sialylation 1494:1504 sialylation 1494:1504 sialylation 1494:1504 Our results imply that sialylation may function as an internal factor, regulating the invasion and chemosensitivity of HCC, probably through ST6GAL1 or ST8SIA2 regulation of the activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway. 24255131 9 52 theme internal 1525:1532 arg1 factor 1534:1539 an internal factor 1522:1539 an internal factor 1522:1539 Our results imply that sialylation may function as an internal factor, regulating the invasion and chemosensitivity of HCC, probably through ST6GAL1 or ST8SIA2 regulation of the activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway. 24255131 4 53 theme sialyltransferase 733:749 arg1 genes 751:755 20 sialyltransferase genes 730:755 20 sialyltransferase genes 730:755 The expressional profiles of 20 sialyltransferase genes showed differential expression in two cell lines, transitional and tumor tissues, from the same patients. 24255131 2 54 theme sialyltransferase 436:452 arg1 family 459:464 the sialyltransferase gene family 432:464 the sialyltransferase gene family 432:464 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 6 55 theme changed 1027:1033 arg1 phenotype 1044:1052 changed invasive phenotype 1027:1052 changed invasive phenotype 1027:1052 The altered expression levels of ST6GAL1 and ST8SIA2 corresponded to a changed invasive phenotype and chemosensitivity of MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells both in vitro and in vivo. 24255131 3 56 theme metastatic 679:688 arg1 potential 690:698 different metastatic potential 669:698 different metastatic potential 669:698 Using mass spectrometry analysis, we found that the composition profiling of sialylated N-glycans differed between MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells with different metastatic potential. 24255131 2 57 theme gene 454:457 arg1 family 459:464 the sialyltransferase gene family 432:464 the sialyltransferase gene family 432:464 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 9 58 theme PI3K/Akt 1665:1672 arg1 pathway 1674:1680 the PI3K/Akt pathway 1661:1680 the PI3K/Akt pathway 1661:1680 Our results imply that sialylation may function as an internal factor, regulating the invasion and chemosensitivity of HCC, probably through ST6GAL1 or ST8SIA2 regulation of the activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway. 24255131 9 59 theme pathway 1674:1680 arg1 activity 1649:1656 the activity 1645:1656 the activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway 1645:1680 Our results imply that sialylation may function as an internal factor, regulating the invasion and chemosensitivity of HCC, probably through ST6GAL1 or ST8SIA2 regulation of the activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway. 24255131 2 60 from association 412:422 arg1 patients 513:520 HCC patients 509:520 HCC patients 509:520 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 2 60 from association 412:422 arg1 modification 296:307 the modification 292:307 the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients 292:520 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 9 61 dep invasion 1557:1564 arg1 the 1553:1555 the 1553:1555 the 1553:1555 Our results imply that sialylation may function as an internal factor, regulating the invasion and chemosensitivity of HCC, probably through ST6GAL1 or ST8SIA2 regulation of the activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway. 24255131 9 62 theme HCC 1590:1592 arg1 chemosensitivity 1570:1585 chemosensitivity 1570:1585 chemosensitivity 1570:1585 Our results imply that sialylation may function as an internal factor, regulating the invasion and chemosensitivity of HCC, probably through ST6GAL1 or ST8SIA2 regulation of the activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway. 24255131 9 62 theme HCC 1590:1592 arg1 invasion 1557:1564 invasion 1557:1564 invasion 1557:1564 Our results imply that sialylation may function as an internal factor, regulating the invasion and chemosensitivity of HCC, probably through ST6GAL1 or ST8SIA2 regulation of the activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway. 24255131 6 63 dep phenotype 1044:1052 arg1 a 1025:1025 a 1025:1025 a 1025:1025 The altered expression levels of ST6GAL1 and ST8SIA2 corresponded to a changed invasive phenotype and chemosensitivity of MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells both in vitro and in vivo. 24255131 7 64 theme /Akt 1270:1273 arg1 pathway 1285:1291 the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway 1234:1291 the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway 1234:1291 Further data indicated that manipulation of the expression of the two genes led to altered activity of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. 24255131 8 65 theme cells 1464:1468 arg1 chemoresistance 1437:1451 chemoresistance 1437:1451 chemoresistance 1437:1451 Targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway by its specific inhibitor wortmannin or by Akt RNA interference resulted in a reduced capacity for invasion and chemoresistance of MHCC97H cells. 24255131 8 65 theme cells 1464:1468 arg1 invasion 1424:1431 invasion 1424:1431 invasion 1424:1431 Targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway by its specific inhibitor wortmannin or by Akt RNA interference resulted in a reduced capacity for invasion and chemoresistance of MHCC97H cells. 24255131 4 66 theme tumor 824:828 arg1 tissues 830:836 tumor tissues 824:836 tumor tissues 824:836 The expressional profiles of 20 sialyltransferase genes showed differential expression in two cell lines, transitional and tumor tissues, from the same patients. 24255131 4 66 theme tumor 824:828 arg1 lines 800:804 two cell lines 791:804 two cell lines 791:804 The expressional profiles of 20 sialyltransferase genes showed differential expression in two cell lines, transitional and tumor tissues, from the same patients. 24255131 8 67 theme MHCC97H 1456:1462 arg1 cells 1464:1468 MHCC97H cells 1456:1468 MHCC97H cells 1456:1468 Targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway by its specific inhibitor wortmannin or by Akt RNA interference resulted in a reduced capacity for invasion and chemoresistance of MHCC97H cells. 24255131 9 68 theme ST6GAL1 1612:1618 arg1 regulation 1631:1640 ST6GAL1 or ST8SIA2 regulation 1612:1640 ST6GAL1 or ST8SIA2 regulation of the activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway 1612:1680 Our results imply that sialylation may function as an internal factor, regulating the invasion and chemosensitivity of HCC, probably through ST6GAL1 or ST8SIA2 regulation of the activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway. 24255131 2 69 theme carcinoma 377:385 arg1 lines 398:402 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines 356:402 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines 356:402 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 8 70 theme reduced 1403:1409 arg1 capacity 1411:1418 a reduced capacity 1401:1418 a reduced capacity for invasion and chemoresistance of MHCC97H cells 1401:1468 Targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway by its specific inhibitor wortmannin or by Akt RNA interference resulted in a reduced capacity for invasion and chemoresistance of MHCC97H cells. 24255131 8 71 theme RNA 1372:1374 arg1 interference 1376:1387 Akt RNA interference 1368:1387 Akt RNA interference 1368:1387 Targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway by its specific inhibitor wortmannin or by Akt RNA interference resulted in a reduced capacity for invasion and chemoresistance of MHCC97H cells. 24255131 8 72 theme inhibitor 1341:1349 arg1 wortmannin 1351:1360 its specific inhibitor wortmannin 1328:1360 its specific inhibitor wortmannin 1328:1360 Targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway by its specific inhibitor wortmannin or by Akt RNA interference resulted in a reduced capacity for invasion and chemoresistance of MHCC97H cells. 24255131 3 73 theme mass 529:532 arg1 analysis 547:554 mass spectrometry analysis 529:554 mass spectrometry analysis 529:554 Using mass spectrometry analysis, we found that the composition profiling of sialylated N-glycans differed between MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells with different metastatic potential. 24255131 1 74 theme malignant 165:173 arg1 phenotypes 175:184 malignant phenotypes 165:184 malignant phenotypes 165:184 Aberrant sialylation is closely associated with malignant phenotypes of tumor cells, including invasiveness and metastasis. 24255131 1 74 theme malignant 165:173 arg1 invasiveness 212:223 invasiveness 212:223 invasiveness 212:223 Aberrant sialylation is closely associated with malignant phenotypes of tumor cells, including invasiveness and metastasis. 24255131 1 74 theme malignant 165:173 arg1 metastasis 229:238 metastasis 229:238 metastasis 229:238 Aberrant sialylation is closely associated with malignant phenotypes of tumor cells, including invasiveness and metastasis. 24255131 2 75 from properties 321:330 arg1 lines 398:402 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines 356:402 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines 356:402 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 2 75 from properties 321:330 arg1 association 412:422 the association 408:422 the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients 408:520 This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. 24255131 4 76 theme expressional 705:716 arg1 profiles 718:725 The expressional profiles 701:725 The expressional profiles of 20 sialyltransferase genes 701:755 The expressional profiles of 20 sialyltransferase genes showed differential expression in two cell lines, transitional and tumor tissues, from the same patients. 24255131 6 77 theme ST8SIA2 1001:1007 arg1 levels 979:984 The altered expression levels 956:984 The altered expression levels of ST6GAL1 and ST8SIA2 956:1007 The altered expression levels of ST6GAL1 and ST8SIA2 corresponded to a changed invasive phenotype and chemosensitivity of MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells both in vitro and in vivo. 24255131 9 78 theme activity 1649:1656 arg1 regulation 1631:1640 ST6GAL1 or ST8SIA2 regulation 1612:1640 ST6GAL1 or ST8SIA2 regulation of the activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway 1612:1680 Our results imply that sialylation may function as an internal factor, regulating the invasion and chemosensitivity of HCC, probably through ST6GAL1 or ST8SIA2 regulation of the activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway. 24255131 9 79 theme ST8SIA2 1623:1629 arg1 regulation 1631:1640 ST6GAL1 or ST8SIA2 regulation 1612:1640 ST6GAL1 or ST8SIA2 regulation of the activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway 1612:1680 Our results imply that sialylation may function as an internal factor, regulating the invasion and chemosensitivity of HCC, probably through ST6GAL1 or ST8SIA2 regulation of the activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway. 24255131 3 80 theme MHCC97L 650:656 arg1 cells 658:662 MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells 638:662 MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells with different metastatic potential 638:698 Using mass spectrometry analysis, we found that the composition profiling of sialylated N-glycans differed between MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells with different metastatic potential. 24255131 6 81 theme cells 1098:1102 arg1 phenotype 1044:1052 changed invasive phenotype 1027:1052 changed invasive phenotype 1027:1052 The altered expression levels of ST6GAL1 and ST8SIA2 corresponded to a changed invasive phenotype and chemosensitivity of MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells both in vitro and in vivo. 24255131 6 81 theme cells 1098:1102 arg1 chemosensitivity 1058:1073 chemosensitivity 1058:1073 chemosensitivity 1058:1073 The altered expression levels of ST6GAL1 and ST8SIA2 corresponded to a changed invasive phenotype and chemosensitivity of MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells both in vitro and in vivo. 28081948 0 0 theme T-type 106:111 arg1 channels 121:128 Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels 99:128 Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels 99:128 High glucose induces N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells. 28081948 1 1 theme Cav3.2 359:364 arg1 function 347:354 the function 343:354 the function of Cav3.2, known to regulate secretory function, in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells 343:469 Given that Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels were functionally regulated by asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation, we examined effects of high glucose on the function of Cav3.2, known to regulate secretory function, in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells. 28081948 2 2 theme N-glycans 676:684 arg1 cleavage 664:671 cleavage 664:671 cleavage 664:671 High glucose accelerated the increased channel function and overexpression of Cav3.2 during neuroendocrine differentiation, the former prevented by enzymatic inhibition of N-glycosylation and cleavage of N-glycans. 28081948 2 2 theme N-glycans 676:684 arg1 N-glycosylation 644:658 N-glycosylation 644:658 N-glycosylation 644:658 High glucose accelerated the increased channel function and overexpression of Cav3.2 during neuroendocrine differentiation, the former prevented by enzymatic inhibition of N-glycosylation and cleavage of N-glycans. 28081948 1 3 theme -linked 281:287 arg1 glycosylation 289:301 asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation 267:301 asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation 267:301 Given that Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels were functionally regulated by asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation, we examined effects of high glucose on the function of Cav3.2, known to regulate secretory function, in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells. 28081948 3 4 theme neuroendocrine-like 812:830 arg1 cells 863:867 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells 812:867 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells 812:867 Hyperglycemia thus appears to induce N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells. 28081948 1 5 from function 347:354 arg1 cells 465:469 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells 408:469 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells 408:469 Given that Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels were functionally regulated by asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation, we examined effects of high glucose on the function of Cav3.2, known to regulate secretory function, in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells. 28081948 0 6 link N-linked 21:28 arg1 upregulation 64:75 N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation 21:75 N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation 21:75 High glucose induces N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells. 28081948 1 7 theme differentiated 428:441 arg1 cells 465:469 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells 408:469 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells 408:469 Given that Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels were functionally regulated by asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation, we examined effects of high glucose on the function of Cav3.2, known to regulate secretory function, in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells. 28081948 3 8 link N-linked 724:731 arg1 upregulation 767:778 N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation 724:778 N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation 724:778 Hyperglycemia thus appears to induce N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells. 28081948 0 9 theme channels 121:128 arg1 overexpression 81:94 overexpression 81:94 overexpression of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells 81:194 High glucose induces N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells. 28081948 0 9 theme channels 121:128 arg1 upregulation 64:75 N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation 21:75 N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation 21:75 High glucose induces N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells. 28081948 3 10 theme Cav3.2 802:807 arg1 upregulation 767:778 N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation 724:778 N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation 724:778 Hyperglycemia thus appears to induce N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells. 28081948 3 10 theme Cav3.2 802:807 arg1 overexpression 784:797 overexpression 784:797 overexpression of Cav3.2 in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells 784:867 Hyperglycemia thus appears to induce N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells. 28081948 2 11 theme cleavage 664:671 arg1 inhibition 630:639 enzymatic inhibition 620:639 enzymatic inhibition of N-glycosylation and cleavage of N-glycans 620:684 High glucose accelerated the increased channel function and overexpression of Cav3.2 during neuroendocrine differentiation, the former prevented by enzymatic inhibition of N-glycosylation and cleavage of N-glycans. 28081948 3 12 from upregulation 767:778 arg1 cells 863:867 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells 812:867 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells 812:867 Hyperglycemia thus appears to induce N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells. 28081948 0 13 theme calcium 113:119 arg1 channels 121:128 Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels 99:128 Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels 99:128 High glucose induces N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells. 28081948 3 14 theme cancer 856:861 arg1 cells 863:867 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells 812:867 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells 812:867 Hyperglycemia thus appears to induce N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells. 28081948 1 15 link -linked 281:287 arg1 glycosylation 289:301 asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation 267:301 asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation 267:301 Given that Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels were functionally regulated by asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation, we examined effects of high glucose on the function of Cav3.2, known to regulate secretory function, in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells. 28081948 0 16 theme neuroendocrine-like 133:151 arg1 cells 190:194 neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells 133:194 neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells 133:194 High glucose induces N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells. 28081948 0 17 from upregulation 64:75 arg1 cells 190:194 neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells 133:194 neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells 133:194 High glucose induces N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells. 28081948 1 18 theme Cav3.2 208:213 arg1 channels 227:234 Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels 208:234 Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels 208:234 Given that Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels were functionally regulated by asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation, we examined effects of high glucose on the function of Cav3.2, known to regulate secretory function, in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells. 28081948 1 19 theme secretory 385:393 arg1 function 395:402 secretory function 385:402 secretory function 385:402 Given that Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels were functionally regulated by asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation, we examined effects of high glucose on the function of Cav3.2, known to regulate secretory function, in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells. 28081948 1 20 theme T-type 215:220 arg1 channels 227:234 Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels 208:234 Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels 208:234 Given that Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels were functionally regulated by asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation, we examined effects of high glucose on the function of Cav3.2, known to regulate secretory function, in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells. 28081948 2 21 theme channel 511:517 arg1 function 519:526 the increased channel function 497:526 the increased channel function 497:526 High glucose accelerated the increased channel function and overexpression of Cav3.2 during neuroendocrine differentiation, the former prevented by enzymatic inhibition of N-glycosylation and cleavage of N-glycans. 28081948 3 22 theme prostate 847:854 arg1 cells 863:867 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells 812:867 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells 812:867 Hyperglycemia thus appears to induce N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells. 28081948 3 23 theme functional 756:765 arg1 upregulation 767:778 N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation 724:778 N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation 724:778 Hyperglycemia thus appears to induce N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells. 28081948 1 24 theme Ca2+ 222:225 arg1 channels 227:234 Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels 208:234 Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels 208:234 Given that Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels were functionally regulated by asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation, we examined effects of high glucose on the function of Cav3.2, known to regulate secretory function, in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells. 28081948 0 25 theme High 0:3 arg1 glucose 5:11 High glucose 0:11 High glucose 0:11 High glucose induces N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells. 28081948 1 26 from effects 316:322 arg1 function 347:354 the function 343:354 the function of Cav3.2, known to regulate secretory function, in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells 343:469 Given that Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels were functionally regulated by asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation, we examined effects of high glucose on the function of Cav3.2, known to regulate secretory function, in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells. 28081948 0 27 theme N-linked 21:28 arg1 upregulation 64:75 N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation 21:75 N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation 21:75 High glucose induces N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells. 28081948 0 28 theme human 168:172 arg1 cells 190:194 neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells 133:194 neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells 133:194 High glucose induces N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells. 28081948 0 29 theme differentiated 153:166 arg1 cells 190:194 neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells 133:194 neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells 133:194 High glucose induces N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells. 28081948 3 30 theme N-linked 724:731 arg1 upregulation 767:778 N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation 724:778 N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation 724:778 Hyperglycemia thus appears to induce N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells. 28081948 0 31 theme functional 53:62 arg1 upregulation 64:75 N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation 21:75 N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation 21:75 High glucose induces N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells. 28081948 1 32 theme high 327:330 arg1 glucose 332:338 high glucose 327:338 high glucose 327:338 Given that Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels were functionally regulated by asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation, we examined effects of high glucose on the function of Cav3.2, known to regulate secretory function, in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells. 28081948 0 33 theme cancer 183:188 arg1 cells 190:194 neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells 133:194 neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells 133:194 High glucose induces N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells. 28081948 3 34 theme glycosylation-mediated 733:754 arg1 upregulation 767:778 N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation 724:778 N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation 724:778 Hyperglycemia thus appears to induce N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells. 28081948 0 35 theme glycosylation-mediated 30:51 arg1 upregulation 64:75 N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation 21:75 N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation 21:75 High glucose induces N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells. 28081948 1 36 theme glucose 332:338 arg1 effects 316:322 effects 316:322 effects of high glucose on the function of Cav3.2, known to regulate secretory function, in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells 316:469 Given that Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels were functionally regulated by asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation, we examined effects of high glucose on the function of Cav3.2, known to regulate secretory function, in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells. 28081948 0 37 theme prostate 174:181 arg1 cells 190:194 neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells 133:194 neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells 133:194 High glucose induces N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells. 28081948 1 38 theme neuroendocrine-like 408:426 arg1 cells 465:469 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells 408:469 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells 408:469 Given that Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels were functionally regulated by asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation, we examined effects of high glucose on the function of Cav3.2, known to regulate secretory function, in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells. 28081948 2 39 theme High 472:475 arg1 glucose 477:483 High glucose 472:483 High glucose 472:483 High glucose accelerated the increased channel function and overexpression of Cav3.2 during neuroendocrine differentiation, the former prevented by enzymatic inhibition of N-glycosylation and cleavage of N-glycans. 28081948 2 40 theme neuroendocrine 564:577 arg1 differentiation 579:593 neuroendocrine differentiation 564:593 neuroendocrine differentiation 564:593 High glucose accelerated the increased channel function and overexpression of Cav3.2 during neuroendocrine differentiation, the former prevented by enzymatic inhibition of N-glycosylation and cleavage of N-glycans. 28081948 2 41 theme N-glycosylation 644:658 arg1 inhibition 630:639 enzymatic inhibition 620:639 enzymatic inhibition of N-glycosylation and cleavage of N-glycans 620:684 High glucose accelerated the increased channel function and overexpression of Cav3.2 during neuroendocrine differentiation, the former prevented by enzymatic inhibition of N-glycosylation and cleavage of N-glycans. 28081948 0 42 from overexpression 81:94 arg1 cells 190:194 neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells 133:194 neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells 133:194 High glucose induces N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in neuroendocrine-like differentiated human prostate cancer cells. 28081948 3 43 theme differentiated 832:845 arg1 cells 863:867 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells 812:867 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells 812:867 Hyperglycemia thus appears to induce N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells. 28081948 1 44 theme prostate 443:450 arg1 cells 465:469 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells 408:469 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells 408:469 Given that Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels were functionally regulated by asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation, we examined effects of high glucose on the function of Cav3.2, known to regulate secretory function, in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells. 28081948 2 45 gly N-glycosylation 644:658 arg1 N-glycans 676:684 N-glycans 676:684 N-glycans 676:684 High glucose accelerated the increased channel function and overexpression of Cav3.2 during neuroendocrine differentiation, the former prevented by enzymatic inhibition of N-glycosylation and cleavage of N-glycans. 28081948 1 46 theme cancer 452:457 arg1 cells 465:469 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells 408:469 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells 408:469 Given that Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels were functionally regulated by asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation, we examined effects of high glucose on the function of Cav3.2, known to regulate secretory function, in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells. 28081948 2 47 theme enzymatic 620:628 arg1 inhibition 630:639 enzymatic inhibition 620:639 enzymatic inhibition of N-glycosylation and cleavage of N-glycans 620:684 High glucose accelerated the increased channel function and overexpression of Cav3.2 during neuroendocrine differentiation, the former prevented by enzymatic inhibition of N-glycosylation and cleavage of N-glycans. 28081948 1 48 theme LNCaP 459:463 arg1 cells 465:469 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells 408:469 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells 408:469 Given that Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels were functionally regulated by asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation, we examined effects of high glucose on the function of Cav3.2, known to regulate secretory function, in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer LNCaP cells. 28081948 3 49 from overexpression 784:797 arg1 cells 863:867 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells 812:867 neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells 812:867 Hyperglycemia thus appears to induce N-linked glycosylation-mediated functional upregulation and overexpression of Cav3.2 in neuroendocrine-like differentiated prostate cancer cells. 28081948 2 50 theme Cav3.2 550:555 arg1 overexpression 532:545 overexpression 532:545 overexpression of Cav3.2 532:555 High glucose accelerated the increased channel function and overexpression of Cav3.2 during neuroendocrine differentiation, the former prevented by enzymatic inhibition of N-glycosylation and cleavage of N-glycans. 28081948 2 50 theme Cav3.2 550:555 arg1 function 519:526 the increased channel function 497:526 the increased channel function 497:526 High glucose accelerated the increased channel function and overexpression of Cav3.2 during neuroendocrine differentiation, the former prevented by enzymatic inhibition of N-glycosylation and cleavage of N-glycans. 28081948 2 51 theme increased 501:509 arg1 function 519:526 the increased channel function 497:526 the increased channel function 497:526 High glucose accelerated the increased channel function and overexpression of Cav3.2 during neuroendocrine differentiation, the former prevented by enzymatic inhibition of N-glycosylation and cleavage of N-glycans. 28097795 4 0 theme genes 583:587 arg1 expression 569:578 the transcriptomic expression 550:578 the transcriptomic expression of genes involved in protein processing and glycosylation 550:636 The purpose of this study was to assess the transcriptomic expression of genes involved in protein processing and glycosylation, and to determine the glycosylation status of key drug transporters during human NAFLD progression. 28097795 4 1 gly glycosylation 660:672 arg1 transporters 693:704 key drug transporters 684:704 key drug transporters 684:704 The purpose of this study was to assess the transcriptomic expression of genes involved in protein processing and glycosylation, and to determine the glycosylation status of key drug transporters during human NAFLD progression. 28097795 9 2 theme transporting 1491:1502 arg1 transporters 1464:1475 the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) 1453:1606 the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) 1453:1606 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 2 theme transporting 1491:1502 arg1 OATP1B1 1521:1527 OATP1B1 1521:1527 OATP1B1 1521:1527 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 2 theme transporting 1491:1502 arg1 polypeptide-1B1 1504:1518 organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 1477:1518 organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1) 1477:1528 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 6 3 dep RESULTS 953:959 arg1 Genes 961:965 Genes 961:965 RESULTS Genes involved in protein processing in the ER and biosynthesis of N-glycans 953:1036 RESULTS Genes involved in protein processing in the ER and biosynthesis of N-glycans were significantly enriched for down-regulation in NAFLD progression. 28097795 10 4 theme efflux 1848:1853 arg1 transporters 1855:1866 efflux transporters 1848:1866 efflux transporters in humans 1848:1876 CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the loss of glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH may influence transporter function and contribute to altered drug disposition observed in NASH. 28097795 9 5 theme Sodium/Taurocholate 1553:1571 arg1 Polypeptide 1589:1599 Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide 1553:1599 Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) 1553:1606 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 5 theme Sodium/Taurocholate 1553:1571 arg1 transporters 1464:1475 the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) 1453:1606 the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) 1453:1606 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 5 theme Sodium/Taurocholate 1553:1571 arg1 NTCP 1602:1605 NTCP 1602:1605 NTCP 1602:1605 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 4 6 theme glycosylation 660:672 arg1 status 674:679 the glycosylation status 656:679 the glycosylation status of key drug transporters during human NAFLD progression 656:735 The purpose of this study was to assess the transcriptomic expression of genes involved in protein processing and glycosylation, and to determine the glycosylation status of key drug transporters during human NAFLD progression. 28097795 7 7 theme biosynthesis 1148:1159 arg1 category 1161:1168 the down regulated N-glycan biosynthesis category 1120:1168 the down regulated N-glycan biosynthesis category 1120:1168 Included in the down regulated N-glycan biosynthesis category were genes involved in the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, N-glycan quality control, N-glycan precursor biosynthesis, N-glycan trimming to the core, and N-glycan extension from the core. 28097795 10 8 theme uptake 1837:1842 arg1 glycosylation 1816:1828 glycosylation 1816:1828 glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH 1816:1881 CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the loss of glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH may influence transporter function and contribute to altered drug disposition observed in NASH. 28097795 1 9 theme proper 179:184 arg1 folding 194:200 proper protein folding 179:200 proper protein folding 179:200 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation of proteins is critical for proper protein folding and trafficking to the plasma membrane. 28097795 7 10 theme regulated 1129:1137 arg1 category 1161:1168 the down regulated N-glycan biosynthesis category 1120:1168 the down regulated N-glycan biosynthesis category 1120:1168 Included in the down regulated N-glycan biosynthesis category were genes involved in the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, N-glycan quality control, N-glycan precursor biosynthesis, N-glycan trimming to the core, and N-glycan extension from the core. 28097795 5 11 theme genes 899:903 arg1 expression 863:872 gene expression 858:872 gene expression of glycosylation-related genes 858:903 METHODS Human liver samples diagnosed as healthy, steatosis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were analysed for gene expression of glycosylation-related genes and for protein glycosylation using immunoblot. 28097795 2 12 theme reduced 296:302 arg1 function 304:311 reduced function 296:311 reduced function 296:311 Drug transporters are one class of proteins that have reduced function when glycosylation is impaired. 28097795 9 13 theme Co-transporting 1573:1587 arg1 Polypeptide 1589:1599 Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide 1553:1599 Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) 1553:1606 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 13 theme Co-transporting 1573:1587 arg1 transporters 1464:1475 the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) 1453:1606 the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) 1453:1606 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 13 theme Co-transporting 1573:1587 arg1 NTCP 1602:1605 NTCP 1602:1605 NTCP 1602:1605 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 5 14 theme gene 858:861 arg1 expression 863:872 gene expression 858:872 gene expression of glycosylation-related genes 858:903 METHODS Human liver samples diagnosed as healthy, steatosis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were analysed for gene expression of glycosylation-related genes and for protein glycosylation using immunoblot. 28097795 4 15 theme NAFLD 719:723 arg1 progression 725:735 human NAFLD progression 713:735 human NAFLD progression 713:735 The purpose of this study was to assess the transcriptomic expression of genes involved in protein processing and glycosylation, and to determine the glycosylation status of key drug transporters during human NAFLD progression. 28097795 1 16 theme AIMS 123:126 arg1 glycosylation 137:149 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation 110:149 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation of proteins 110:161 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation of proteins is critical for proper protein folding and trafficking to the plasma membrane. 28097795 8 17 theme degradation 1369:1379 arg1 genes 1381:1385 N-glycan degradation genes 1360:1385 N-glycan degradation genes 1360:1385 N-glycan degradation genes were unaltered in the progression to NASH. 28097795 10 18 theme altered 1936:1942 arg1 disposition 1949:1959 altered drug disposition 1936:1959 altered drug disposition observed in NASH 1936:1976 CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the loss of glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH may influence transporter function and contribute to altered drug disposition observed in NASH. 28097795 10 19 from transporters 1855:1866 arg1 humans 1871:1876 humans 1871:1876 humans 1871:1876 CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the loss of glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH may influence transporter function and contribute to altered drug disposition observed in NASH. 28097795 4 20 theme drug 688:691 arg1 transporters 693:704 key drug transporters 684:704 key drug transporters 684:704 The purpose of this study was to assess the transcriptomic expression of genes involved in protein processing and glycosylation, and to determine the glycosylation status of key drug transporters during human NAFLD progression. 28097795 1 21 theme proteins 154:161 arg1 glycosylation 137:149 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation 110:149 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation of proteins 110:161 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation of proteins is critical for proper protein folding and trafficking to the plasma membrane. 28097795 10 22 from humans 1871:1876 arg1 glycosylation 1816:1828 glycosylation 1816:1828 glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH 1816:1881 CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the loss of glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH may influence transporter function and contribute to altered drug disposition observed in NASH. 28097795 0 23 theme non-alcoholic 75:87 arg1 disease 101:107 human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 69:107 human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 69:107 Impaired N-linked glycosylation of uptake and efflux transporters in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. 28097795 3 24 theme plasma 371:376 arg1 proteins 378:385 plasma proteins 371:385 plasma proteins 371:385 N-linked glycosylation of plasma proteins has also been investigated as a biomarker for several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 28097795 0 25 theme liver 95:99 arg1 disease 101:107 human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 69:107 human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 69:107 Impaired N-linked glycosylation of uptake and efflux transporters in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. 28097795 9 26 theme transporter 1623:1633 arg1 protein 1667:1673 the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 1612:1675 the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) 1612:1682 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 26 theme transporter 1623:1633 arg1 MRP2 1678:1681 MRP2 1678:1681 MRP2 1678:1681 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 7 27 theme N-glycan 1258:1265 arg1 biosynthesis 1277:1288 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis 1258:1288 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis 1258:1288 Included in the down regulated N-glycan biosynthesis category were genes involved in the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, N-glycan quality control, N-glycan precursor biosynthesis, N-glycan trimming to the core, and N-glycan extension from the core. 28097795 9 28 theme resistance-associated 1645:1665 arg1 protein 1667:1673 the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 1612:1675 the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) 1612:1682 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 28 theme resistance-associated 1645:1665 arg1 MRP2 1678:1681 MRP2 1678:1681 MRP2 1678:1681 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 3 29 theme several 433:439 arg1 diseases 447:454 several liver diseases 433:454 several liver diseases 433:454 N-linked glycosylation of plasma proteins has also been investigated as a biomarker for several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 28097795 3 29 theme several 433:439 arg1 disease 493:499 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 467:499 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 467:507 N-linked glycosylation of plasma proteins has also been investigated as a biomarker for several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 28097795 0 30 theme Impaired 0:7 arg1 glycosylation 18:30 Impaired N-linked glycosylation 0:30 Impaired N-linked glycosylation of uptake and efflux 0:51 Impaired N-linked glycosylation of uptake and efflux transporters in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. 28097795 3 31 theme fatty 481:485 arg1 NAFLD 502:506 NAFLD 502:506 NAFLD 502:506 N-linked glycosylation of plasma proteins has also been investigated as a biomarker for several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 28097795 3 31 theme fatty 481:485 arg1 disease 493:499 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 467:499 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 467:507 N-linked glycosylation of plasma proteins has also been investigated as a biomarker for several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 28097795 7 32 theme N-glycan 1232:1239 arg1 control 1249:1255 N-glycan quality control 1232:1255 N-glycan quality control 1232:1255 Included in the down regulated N-glycan biosynthesis category were genes involved in the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, N-glycan quality control, N-glycan precursor biosynthesis, N-glycan trimming to the core, and N-glycan extension from the core. 28097795 1 33 theme BACKGROUND 110:119 arg1 glycosylation 137:149 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation 110:149 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation of proteins 110:161 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation of proteins is critical for proper protein folding and trafficking to the plasma membrane. 28097795 6 34 theme NAFLD 1089:1093 arg1 progression 1095:1105 NAFLD progression 1089:1105 NAFLD progression 1089:1105 RESULTS Genes involved in protein processing in the ER and biosynthesis of N-glycans were significantly enriched for down-regulation in NAFLD progression. 28097795 4 35 theme transcriptomic 554:567 arg1 expression 569:578 the transcriptomic expression 550:578 the transcriptomic expression of genes involved in protein processing and glycosylation 550:636 The purpose of this study was to assess the transcriptomic expression of genes involved in protein processing and glycosylation, and to determine the glycosylation status of key drug transporters during human NAFLD progression. 28097795 10 36 dep CONCLUSIONS 1768:1778 arg1 suggest 1791:1797 suggest 1791:1797 suggest that the loss of glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH may influence transporter function and contribute to altered drug disposition observed in NASH 1791:1976 CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the loss of glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH may influence transporter function and contribute to altered drug disposition observed in NASH. 28097795 0 37 theme uptake 35:40 arg1 glycosylation 18:30 Impaired N-linked glycosylation 0:30 Impaired N-linked glycosylation of uptake and efflux 0:51 Impaired N-linked glycosylation of uptake and efflux transporters in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. 28097795 3 38 gly glycosylation 354:366 arg1 proteins 378:385 plasma proteins 371:385 plasma proteins 371:385 N-linked glycosylation of plasma proteins has also been investigated as a biomarker for several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 28097795 7 39 from core 1354:1357 arg1 biosynthesis 1277:1288 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis 1258:1288 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis 1258:1288 Included in the down regulated N-glycan biosynthesis category were genes involved in the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, N-glycan quality control, N-glycan precursor biosynthesis, N-glycan trimming to the core, and N-glycan extension from the core. 28097795 7 39 from core 1354:1357 arg1 extension 1335:1343 N-glycan extension 1326:1343 N-glycan extension from the core 1326:1357 Included in the down regulated N-glycan biosynthesis category were genes involved in the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, N-glycan quality control, N-glycan precursor biosynthesis, N-glycan trimming to the core, and N-glycan extension from the core. 28097795 7 39 from core 1354:1357 arg1 complex 1223:1229 the oligosaccharyltransferase complex 1193:1229 the oligosaccharyltransferase complex 1193:1229 Included in the down regulated N-glycan biosynthesis category were genes involved in the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, N-glycan quality control, N-glycan precursor biosynthesis, N-glycan trimming to the core, and N-glycan extension from the core. 28097795 7 39 from core 1354:1357 arg1 trimming 1300:1307 N-glycan trimming 1291:1307 N-glycan trimming to the core 1291:1319 Included in the down regulated N-glycan biosynthesis category were genes involved in the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, N-glycan quality control, N-glycan precursor biosynthesis, N-glycan trimming to the core, and N-glycan extension from the core. 28097795 7 39 from core 1354:1357 arg1 control 1249:1255 N-glycan quality control 1232:1255 N-glycan quality control 1232:1255 Included in the down regulated N-glycan biosynthesis category were genes involved in the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, N-glycan quality control, N-glycan precursor biosynthesis, N-glycan trimming to the core, and N-glycan extension from the core. 28097795 1 40 link N-linked 128:135 arg1 glycosylation 137:149 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation 110:149 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation of proteins 110:161 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation of proteins is critical for proper protein folding and trafficking to the plasma membrane. 28097795 5 41 theme non-alcoholic 803:815 arg1 NASH 834:837 NASH 834:837 NASH 834:837 METHODS Human liver samples diagnosed as healthy, steatosis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were analysed for gene expression of glycosylation-related genes and for protein glycosylation using immunoblot. 28097795 5 41 theme non-alcoholic 803:815 arg1 steatohepatitis 817:831 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis 803:831 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) 803:838 METHODS Human liver samples diagnosed as healthy, steatosis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were analysed for gene expression of glycosylation-related genes and for protein glycosylation using immunoblot. 28097795 9 42 theme significant 1699:1709 arg1 loss 1711:1714 a significant loss 1697:1714 a significant loss of glycosylation 1697:1731 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 1 43 theme plasma 225:230 arg1 membrane 232:239 the plasma membrane 221:239 the plasma membrane 221:239 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation of proteins is critical for proper protein folding and trafficking to the plasma membrane. 28097795 10 44 dep uptake 1837:1842 arg1 NASH 1878:1881 NASH 1878:1881 NASH 1878:1881 CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the loss of glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH may influence transporter function and contribute to altered drug disposition observed in NASH. 28097795 4 45 theme protein 601:607 arg1 processing 609:618 protein processing 601:618 protein processing 601:618 The purpose of this study was to assess the transcriptomic expression of genes involved in protein processing and glycosylation, and to determine the glycosylation status of key drug transporters during human NAFLD progression. 28097795 10 46 theme key 1833:1835 arg1 uptake 1837:1842 key uptake 1833:1842 key uptake 1833:1842 CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the loss of glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH may influence transporter function and contribute to altered drug disposition observed in NASH. 28097795 9 47 theme transporters 1464:1475 arg1 analysis 1441:1448 Immunoblot analysis 1430:1448 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) 1430:1682 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 5 48 theme healthy 779:785 arg1 steatosis 788:796 steatosis 788:796 steatosis 788:796 METHODS Human liver samples diagnosed as healthy, steatosis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were analysed for gene expression of glycosylation-related genes and for protein glycosylation using immunoblot. 28097795 10 49 theme glycosylation 1816:1828 arg1 loss 1808:1811 the loss 1804:1811 the loss of glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH 1804:1881 CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the loss of glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH may influence transporter function and contribute to altered drug disposition observed in NASH. 28097795 9 50 theme anion 1485:1489 arg1 transporters 1464:1475 the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) 1453:1606 the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) 1453:1606 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 50 theme anion 1485:1489 arg1 OATP1B1 1521:1527 OATP1B1 1521:1527 OATP1B1 1521:1527 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 50 theme anion 1485:1489 arg1 polypeptide-1B1 1504:1518 organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 1477:1518 organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1) 1477:1528 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 10 51 theme transporters 1855:1866 arg1 glycosylation 1816:1828 glycosylation 1816:1828 glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH 1816:1881 CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the loss of glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH may influence transporter function and contribute to altered drug disposition observed in NASH. 28097795 10 52 located observed 1961:1968 arg2 disposition 1949:1959 altered drug disposition 1936:1959 altered drug disposition observed in NASH 1936:1976 CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the loss of glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH may influence transporter function and contribute to altered drug disposition observed in NASH. 28097795 10 52 located observed 1961:1968 arg1 NASH 1973:1976 NASH 1973:1976 NASH 1973:1976 CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the loss of glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH may influence transporter function and contribute to altered drug disposition observed in NASH. 28097795 0 53 link N-linked 9:16 arg1 glycosylation 18:30 Impaired N-linked glycosylation 0:30 Impaired N-linked glycosylation of uptake and efflux 0:51 Impaired N-linked glycosylation of uptake and efflux transporters in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. 28097795 7 54 theme N-glycan 1139:1146 arg1 category 1161:1168 the down regulated N-glycan biosynthesis category 1120:1168 the down regulated N-glycan biosynthesis category 1120:1168 Included in the down regulated N-glycan biosynthesis category were genes involved in the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, N-glycan quality control, N-glycan precursor biosynthesis, N-glycan trimming to the core, and N-glycan extension from the core. 28097795 2 55 theme proteins 277:284 arg1 transporters 247:258 Drug transporters 242:258 Drug transporters 242:258 Drug transporters are one class of proteins that have reduced function when glycosylation is impaired. 28097795 2 55 theme proteins 277:284 arg1 class 268:272 one class 264:272 one class of proteins that have reduced function 264:311 Drug transporters are one class of proteins that have reduced function when glycosylation is impaired. 28097795 5 56 theme glycosylation-related 877:897 arg1 genes 899:903 glycosylation-related genes 877:903 glycosylation-related genes 877:903 METHODS Human liver samples diagnosed as healthy, steatosis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were analysed for gene expression of glycosylation-related genes and for protein glycosylation using immunoblot. 28097795 0 57 theme efflux 46:51 arg1 glycosylation 18:30 Impaired N-linked glycosylation 0:30 Impaired N-linked glycosylation of uptake and efflux 0:51 Impaired N-linked glycosylation of uptake and efflux transporters in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. 28097795 10 58 from glycosylation 1816:1828 arg1 humans 1871:1876 humans 1871:1876 humans 1871:1876 CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the loss of glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH may influence transporter function and contribute to altered drug disposition observed in NASH. 28097795 7 59 theme N-glycan 1291:1298 arg1 trimming 1300:1307 N-glycan trimming 1291:1307 N-glycan trimming to the core 1291:1319 Included in the down regulated N-glycan biosynthesis category were genes involved in the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, N-glycan quality control, N-glycan precursor biosynthesis, N-glycan trimming to the core, and N-glycan extension from the core. 28097795 6 60 from down-regulation 1070:1084 arg1 progression 1095:1105 NAFLD progression 1089:1105 NAFLD progression 1089:1105 RESULTS Genes involved in protein processing in the ER and biosynthesis of N-glycans were significantly enriched for down-regulation in NAFLD progression. 28097795 1 61 theme protein 186:192 arg1 folding 194:200 proper protein folding 179:200 proper protein folding 179:200 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation of proteins is critical for proper protein folding and trafficking to the plasma membrane. 28097795 9 62 dep transporters 1464:1475 arg1 transporters 1464:1475 the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) 1453:1606 the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) 1453:1606 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 62 dep transporters 1464:1475 arg1 OATP1B1 1521:1527 OATP1B1 1521:1527 OATP1B1 1521:1527 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 62 dep transporters 1464:1475 arg1 OATP1B3 1531:1537 OATP1B3 1531:1537 OATP1B3 1531:1537 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 62 dep transporters 1464:1475 arg1 Polypeptide 1589:1599 Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide 1553:1599 Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) 1553:1606 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 62 dep transporters 1464:1475 arg1 polypeptide-1B1 1504:1518 organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 1477:1518 organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1) 1477:1528 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 62 dep transporters 1464:1475 arg1 OATP2B1 1540:1546 OATP2B1 1540:1546 OATP2B1 1540:1546 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 62 dep transporters 1464:1475 arg1 NTCP 1602:1605 NTCP 1602:1605 NTCP 1602:1605 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 1 63 gly glycosylation 137:149 arg1 protein 186:192 proper protein folding 179:200 proper protein folding 179:200 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation of proteins is critical for proper protein folding and trafficking to the plasma membrane. 28097795 1 63 gly glycosylation 137:149 arg1 proteins 154:161 proteins 154:161 proteins 154:161 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation of proteins is critical for proper protein folding and trafficking to the plasma membrane. 28097795 2 64 theme Drug 242:245 arg1 transporters 247:258 Drug transporters 242:258 Drug transporters 242:258 Drug transporters are one class of proteins that have reduced function when glycosylation is impaired. 28097795 2 64 theme Drug 242:245 arg1 class 268:272 one class 264:272 one class of proteins that have reduced function 264:311 Drug transporters are one class of proteins that have reduced function when glycosylation is impaired. 28097795 6 65 theme protein 979:985 arg1 processing 987:996 protein processing 979:996 protein processing in the ER and biosynthesis of N-glycans 979:1036 RESULTS Genes involved in protein processing in the ER and biosynthesis of N-glycans were significantly enriched for down-regulation in NAFLD progression. 28097795 5 66 theme METHODS 738:744 arg1 samples 758:764 METHODS Human liver samples 738:764 METHODS Human liver samples diagnosed as healthy, steatosis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) 738:838 METHODS Human liver samples diagnosed as healthy, steatosis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were analysed for gene expression of glycosylation-related genes and for protein glycosylation using immunoblot. 28097795 10 67 theme transporter 1897:1907 arg1 function 1909:1916 transporter function 1897:1916 transporter function 1897:1916 CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the loss of glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH may influence transporter function and contribute to altered drug disposition observed in NASH. 28097795 1 68 theme & 121:121 arg1 glycosylation 137:149 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation 110:149 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation of proteins 110:161 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation of proteins is critical for proper protein folding and trafficking to the plasma membrane. 28097795 4 69 theme human 713:717 arg1 progression 725:735 human NAFLD progression 713:735 human NAFLD progression 713:735 The purpose of this study was to assess the transcriptomic expression of genes involved in protein processing and glycosylation, and to determine the glycosylation status of key drug transporters during human NAFLD progression. 28097795 10 70 theme drug 1944:1947 arg1 disposition 1949:1959 altered drug disposition 1936:1959 altered drug disposition observed in NASH 1936:1976 CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the loss of glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH may influence transporter function and contribute to altered drug disposition observed in NASH. 28097795 1 71 theme N-linked 128:135 arg1 glycosylation 137:149 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation 110:149 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation of proteins 110:161 BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation of proteins is critical for proper protein folding and trafficking to the plasma membrane. 28097795 10 72 from uptake 1837:1842 arg1 humans 1871:1876 humans 1871:1876 humans 1871:1876 CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the loss of glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH may influence transporter function and contribute to altered drug disposition observed in NASH. 28097795 6 73 dep ER 1005:1006 arg1 the 1001:1003 the 1001:1003 the 1001:1003 RESULTS Genes involved in protein processing in the ER and biosynthesis of N-glycans were significantly enriched for down-regulation in NAFLD progression. 28097795 8 74 theme N-glycan 1360:1367 arg1 genes 1381:1385 N-glycan degradation genes 1360:1385 N-glycan degradation genes 1360:1385 N-glycan degradation genes were unaltered in the progression to NASH. 28097795 0 75 theme human 69:73 arg1 disease 101:107 human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 69:107 human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 69:107 Impaired N-linked glycosylation of uptake and efflux transporters in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. 28097795 3 76 theme N-linked 345:352 arg1 biomarker 419:427 a biomarker 417:427 a biomarker for several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 417:507 N-linked glycosylation of plasma proteins has also been investigated as a biomarker for several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 28097795 3 76 theme N-linked 345:352 arg1 glycosylation 354:366 N-linked glycosylation 345:366 N-linked glycosylation of plasma proteins 345:385 N-linked glycosylation of plasma proteins has also been investigated as a biomarker for several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 28097795 4 77 theme key 684:686 arg1 transporters 693:704 key drug transporters 684:704 key drug transporters 684:704 The purpose of this study was to assess the transcriptomic expression of genes involved in protein processing and glycosylation, and to determine the glycosylation status of key drug transporters during human NAFLD progression. 28097795 5 78 theme Human 746:750 arg1 samples 758:764 METHODS Human liver samples 738:764 METHODS Human liver samples diagnosed as healthy, steatosis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) 738:838 METHODS Human liver samples diagnosed as healthy, steatosis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were analysed for gene expression of glycosylation-related genes and for protein glycosylation using immunoblot. 28097795 0 79 theme fatty 89:93 arg1 disease 101:107 human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 69:107 human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 69:107 Impaired N-linked glycosylation of uptake and efflux transporters in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. 28097795 5 80 theme protein 913:919 arg1 glycosylation 921:933 protein glycosylation 913:933 protein glycosylation 913:933 METHODS Human liver samples diagnosed as healthy, steatosis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were analysed for gene expression of glycosylation-related genes and for protein glycosylation using immunoblot. 28097795 6 81 theme N-glycans 1028:1036 arg1 biosynthesis 1012:1023 biosynthesis 1012:1023 biosynthesis 1012:1023 RESULTS Genes involved in protein processing in the ER and biosynthesis of N-glycans were significantly enriched for down-regulation in NAFLD progression. 28097795 6 81 theme N-glycans 1028:1036 arg1 ER 1005:1006 ER 1005:1006 ER 1005:1006 RESULTS Genes involved in protein processing in the ER and biosynthesis of N-glycans were significantly enriched for down-regulation in NAFLD progression. 28097795 4 82 theme transporters 693:704 arg1 status 674:679 the glycosylation status 656:679 the glycosylation status of key drug transporters during human NAFLD progression 656:735 The purpose of this study was to assess the transcriptomic expression of genes involved in protein processing and glycosylation, and to determine the glycosylation status of key drug transporters during human NAFLD progression. 28097795 7 83 theme precursor 1267:1275 arg1 biosynthesis 1277:1288 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis 1258:1288 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis 1258:1288 Included in the down regulated N-glycan biosynthesis category were genes involved in the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, N-glycan quality control, N-glycan precursor biosynthesis, N-glycan trimming to the core, and N-glycan extension from the core. 28097795 10 84 gly glycosylation 1816:1828 arg1 uptake 1837:1842 key uptake 1833:1842 key uptake 1833:1842 CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the loss of glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH may influence transporter function and contribute to altered drug disposition observed in NASH. 28097795 10 84 gly glycosylation 1816:1828 arg1 transporters 1855:1866 efflux transporters 1848:1866 efflux transporters in humans 1848:1876 CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the loss of glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH may influence transporter function and contribute to altered drug disposition observed in NASH. 28097795 9 85 theme efflux 1616:1621 arg1 protein 1667:1673 the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 1612:1675 the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) 1612:1682 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 85 theme efflux 1616:1621 arg1 MRP2 1678:1681 MRP2 1678:1681 MRP2 1678:1681 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 3 86 link N-linked 345:352 arg1 biomarker 419:427 a biomarker 417:427 a biomarker for several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 417:507 N-linked glycosylation of plasma proteins has also been investigated as a biomarker for several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 28097795 3 86 link N-linked 345:352 arg1 glycosylation 354:366 N-linked glycosylation 345:366 N-linked glycosylation of plasma proteins 345:385 N-linked glycosylation of plasma proteins has also been investigated as a biomarker for several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 28097795 3 87 theme proteins 378:385 arg1 biomarker 419:427 a biomarker 417:427 a biomarker for several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 417:507 N-linked glycosylation of plasma proteins has also been investigated as a biomarker for several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 28097795 3 87 theme proteins 378:385 arg1 glycosylation 354:366 N-linked glycosylation 345:366 N-linked glycosylation of plasma proteins 345:385 N-linked glycosylation of plasma proteins has also been investigated as a biomarker for several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 28097795 5 88 theme liver 752:756 arg1 samples 758:764 METHODS Human liver samples 738:764 METHODS Human liver samples diagnosed as healthy, steatosis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) 738:838 METHODS Human liver samples diagnosed as healthy, steatosis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were analysed for gene expression of glycosylation-related genes and for protein glycosylation using immunoblot. 28097795 9 89 theme multidrug 1635:1643 arg1 protein 1667:1673 the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 1612:1675 the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) 1612:1682 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 89 theme multidrug 1635:1643 arg1 MRP2 1678:1681 MRP2 1678:1681 MRP2 1678:1681 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 0 90 theme N-linked 9:16 arg1 glycosylation 18:30 Impaired N-linked glycosylation 0:30 Impaired N-linked glycosylation of uptake and efflux 0:51 Impaired N-linked glycosylation of uptake and efflux transporters in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. 28097795 8 91 from unaltered 1392:1400 arg1 progression 1409:1419 the progression 1405:1419 the progression to NASH 1405:1427 N-glycan degradation genes were unaltered in the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 92 theme protein 1667:1673 arg1 analysis 1441:1448 Immunoblot analysis 1430:1448 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) 1430:1682 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 3 93 theme liver 441:445 arg1 diseases 447:454 several liver diseases 433:454 several liver diseases 433:454 N-linked glycosylation of plasma proteins has also been investigated as a biomarker for several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 28097795 3 93 theme liver 441:445 arg1 disease 493:499 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 467:499 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 467:507 N-linked glycosylation of plasma proteins has also been investigated as a biomarker for several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 28097795 6 94 from processing 987:996 arg1 biosynthesis 1012:1023 biosynthesis 1012:1023 biosynthesis 1012:1023 RESULTS Genes involved in protein processing in the ER and biosynthesis of N-glycans were significantly enriched for down-regulation in NAFLD progression. 28097795 6 94 from processing 987:996 arg1 ER 1005:1006 ER 1005:1006 ER 1005:1006 RESULTS Genes involved in protein processing in the ER and biosynthesis of N-glycans were significantly enriched for down-regulation in NAFLD progression. 28097795 3 95 theme liver 487:491 arg1 NAFLD 502:506 NAFLD 502:506 NAFLD 502:506 N-linked glycosylation of plasma proteins has also been investigated as a biomarker for several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 28097795 3 95 theme liver 487:491 arg1 disease 493:499 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 467:499 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 467:507 N-linked glycosylation of plasma proteins has also been investigated as a biomarker for several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 28097795 7 96 theme oligosaccharyltransferase 1197:1221 arg1 complex 1223:1229 the oligosaccharyltransferase complex 1193:1229 the oligosaccharyltransferase complex 1193:1229 Included in the down regulated N-glycan biosynthesis category were genes involved in the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, N-glycan quality control, N-glycan precursor biosynthesis, N-glycan trimming to the core, and N-glycan extension from the core. 28097795 2 97 contain have 291:294 arg2 function 304:311 reduced function 296:311 reduced function 296:311 Drug transporters are one class of proteins that have reduced function when glycosylation is impaired. 28097795 2 97 contain have 291:294 arg1 proteins 277:284 proteins 277:284 proteins that have reduced function 277:311 Drug transporters are one class of proteins that have reduced function when glycosylation is impaired. 28097795 4 98 theme study 530:534 arg1 purpose 514:520 The purpose 510:520 The purpose of this study 510:534 The purpose of this study was to assess the transcriptomic expression of genes involved in protein processing and glycosylation, and to determine the glycosylation status of key drug transporters during human NAFLD progression. 28097795 3 99 theme non-alcoholic 467:479 arg1 NAFLD 502:506 NAFLD 502:506 NAFLD 502:506 N-linked glycosylation of plasma proteins has also been investigated as a biomarker for several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 28097795 3 99 theme non-alcoholic 467:479 arg1 disease 493:499 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 467:499 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 467:507 N-linked glycosylation of plasma proteins has also been investigated as a biomarker for several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 28097795 9 100 theme Immunoblot 1430:1439 arg1 analysis 1441:1448 Immunoblot analysis 1430:1448 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) 1430:1682 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 0 101 gly glycosylation 18:30 arg1 efflux 46:51 efflux 46:51 efflux 46:51 Impaired N-linked glycosylation of uptake and efflux transporters in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. 28097795 0 101 gly glycosylation 18:30 arg1 uptake 35:40 uptake 35:40 uptake 35:40 Impaired N-linked glycosylation of uptake and efflux transporters in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. 28097795 7 102 theme N-glycan 1326:1333 arg1 extension 1335:1343 N-glycan extension 1326:1343 N-glycan extension from the core 1326:1357 Included in the down regulated N-glycan biosynthesis category were genes involved in the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, N-glycan quality control, N-glycan precursor biosynthesis, N-glycan trimming to the core, and N-glycan extension from the core. 28097795 8 103 from progression 1409:1419 arg1 unaltered 1392:1400 unaltered 1392:1400 unaltered 1392:1400 N-glycan degradation genes were unaltered in the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 104 theme uptake 1457:1462 arg1 transporters 1464:1475 the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) 1453:1606 the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) 1453:1606 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 104 theme uptake 1457:1462 arg1 OATP2B1 1540:1546 OATP2B1 1540:1546 OATP2B1 1540:1546 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 104 theme uptake 1457:1462 arg1 OATP1B3 1531:1537 OATP1B3 1531:1537 OATP1B3 1531:1537 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 104 theme uptake 1457:1462 arg1 Polypeptide 1589:1599 Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide 1553:1599 Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) 1553:1606 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 104 theme uptake 1457:1462 arg1 polypeptide-1B1 1504:1518 organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 1477:1518 organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1) 1477:1528 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 105 theme glycosylation 1719:1731 arg1 loss 1711:1714 a significant loss 1697:1714 a significant loss of glycosylation 1697:1731 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 7 106 theme quality 1241:1247 arg1 control 1249:1255 N-glycan quality control 1232:1255 N-glycan quality control 1232:1255 Included in the down regulated N-glycan biosynthesis category were genes involved in the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, N-glycan quality control, N-glycan precursor biosynthesis, N-glycan trimming to the core, and N-glycan extension from the core. 28097795 9 107 theme organic 1477:1483 arg1 transporters 1464:1475 the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) 1453:1606 the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) 1453:1606 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 107 theme organic 1477:1483 arg1 OATP1B1 1521:1527 OATP1B1 1521:1527 OATP1B1 1521:1527 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 28097795 9 107 theme organic 1477:1483 arg1 polypeptide-1B1 1504:1518 organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 1477:1518 organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1) 1477:1528 Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. 25724563 0 0 theme element-binding 90:104 arg1 activity 114:121 carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein activity 66:121 carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein activity 66:121 Liver X receptor regulates hepatic nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein activity. 25724563 1 1 theme carbohydrate 315:326 arg1 ChREBP 364:369 ChREBP 364:369 ChREBP 364:369 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 1 1 theme carbohydrate 315:326 arg1 protein 355:361 carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein 315:361 carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) 315:370 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 4 2 from effects 724:730 arg1 expression 774:783 LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression 746:783 LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression 746:783 To elucidate insulin-independent effects of feeding on LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression in vivo, we subjected control and streptozotocin-treated LXRα/β(+/+) and LXRα/β(-/-) mice to a fasting-refeeding regime. 25724563 1 3 theme lipogenic 231:239 arg1 genes 241:245 lipogenic genes 231:245 lipogenic genes 231:245 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 1 3 theme lipogenic 231:239 arg1 protein 355:361 carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein 315:361 carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) 315:370 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 1 3 theme lipogenic 231:239 arg1 -1c 307:309 sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c 258:309 sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c 258:309 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 0 4 theme responsive 79:88 arg1 activity 114:121 carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein activity 66:121 carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein activity 66:121 Liver X receptor regulates hepatic nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein activity. 25724563 1 5 theme responsive 328:337 arg1 ChREBP 364:369 ChREBP 364:369 ChREBP 364:369 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 1 5 theme responsive 328:337 arg1 protein 355:361 carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein 315:361 carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) 315:370 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 4 6 theme -/- 865:867 arg1 mice 870:873 control and streptozotocin-treated LXRα/β(+/+) and LXRα/β(-/-) mice 807:873 mice 870:873 To elucidate insulin-independent effects of feeding on LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression in vivo, we subjected control and streptozotocin-treated LXRα/β(+/+) and LXRα/β(-/-) mice to a fasting-refeeding regime. 25724563 7 7 theme ChREBPα 1524:1530 arg1 activity 1549:1556 nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling and ChREBPα promoter binding activity 1493:1556 activity 1549:1556 Moreover, we show that LXR and OGT interact and colocalize in the nucleus and that loss of LXRs profoundly reduced nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling and ChREBPα promoter binding activity in vivo. 25724563 6 8 from signaling 1353:1361 arg1 cells 1371:1375 Huh7 cells 1366:1375 Huh7 cells 1366:1375 Furthermore, glucose-dependent increases in LXR/retinoid X receptor-regulated luciferase activity driven by the ChREBPα promoter was mediated, at least in part, by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) signaling in Huh7 cells. 25724563 1 9 theme genes 241:245 arg1 regulation 217:226 their regulation 211:226 their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) 211:370 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 1 10 theme element-binding 339:353 arg1 ChREBP 364:369 ChREBP 364:369 ChREBP 364:369 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 1 10 theme element-binding 339:353 arg1 protein 355:361 carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein 315:361 carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) 315:370 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 5 11 theme enzymes 1056:1062 arg1 expression 1017:1026 the expression 1013:1026 the expression of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, including glucokinase (GK), SREBP-1c, ChREBPα, and the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ 1013:1159 We show that under hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic conditions, LXRs maintain their ability to upregulate the expression of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, including glucokinase (GK), SREBP-1c, ChREBPα, and the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ. 25724563 8 12 theme GK 1696:1697 arg1 expression 1699:1708 GK expression 1696:1708 GK expression 1696:1708 In summary, our study provides evidence that LXRs act as nutrient and glucose metabolic sensors upstream of ChREBP by modulating GK expression, nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling, and ChREBP expression and activity. 25724563 3 13 theme glucose-hexosamine-derived 536:561 arg1 modification 605:616 glucose-hexosamine-derived O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 536:616 glucose-hexosamine-derived O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification enhancing their ability to regulate SREBP-1c promoter activity in vitro 536:688 We have previously shown that LXRs are targets for glucose-hexosamine-derived O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification enhancing their ability to regulate SREBP-1c promoter activity in vitro. 25724563 8 14 theme nutrient 1624:1631 arg1 sensors 1655:1661 nutrient and glucose metabolic sensors 1624:1661 nutrient and glucose metabolic sensors upstream of ChREBP 1624:1680 In summary, our study provides evidence that LXRs act as nutrient and glucose metabolic sensors upstream of ChREBP by modulating GK expression, nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling, and ChREBP expression and activity. 25724563 8 14 theme nutrient 1624:1631 arg1 LXRs 1612:1615 LXRs 1612:1615 LXRs 1612:1615 In summary, our study provides evidence that LXRs act as nutrient and glucose metabolic sensors upstream of ChREBP by modulating GK expression, nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling, and ChREBP expression and activity. 25724563 0 15 theme protein 106:112 arg1 activity 114:121 carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein activity 66:121 carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein activity 66:121 Liver X receptor regulates hepatic nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein activity. 25724563 4 16 theme fasting-refeeding 880:896 arg1 regime 898:903 a fasting-refeeding regime 878:903 a fasting-refeeding regime 878:903 To elucidate insulin-independent effects of feeding on LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression in vivo, we subjected control and streptozotocin-treated LXRα/β(+/+) and LXRα/β(-/-) mice to a fasting-refeeding regime. 25724563 6 17 from increases 1193:1201 arg1 activity 1251:1258 receptor-regulated luciferase activity 1221:1258 receptor-regulated luciferase activity 1221:1258 Furthermore, glucose-dependent increases in LXR/retinoid X receptor-regulated luciferase activity driven by the ChREBPα promoter was mediated, at least in part, by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) signaling in Huh7 cells. 25724563 6 17 from increases 1193:1201 arg1 LXR/retinoid 1206:1217 LXR/retinoid 1206:1217 LXR/retinoid 1206:1217 Furthermore, glucose-dependent increases in LXR/retinoid X receptor-regulated luciferase activity driven by the ChREBPα promoter was mediated, at least in part, by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) signaling in Huh7 cells. 25724563 5 18 theme hypoinsulinemic 943:957 arg1 conditions 959:968 hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic conditions 925:968 hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic conditions 925:968 We show that under hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic conditions, LXRs maintain their ability to upregulate the expression of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, including glucokinase (GK), SREBP-1c, ChREBPα, and the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ. 25724563 6 19 theme Huh7 1366:1369 arg1 cells 1371:1375 Huh7 cells 1366:1375 Huh7 cells 1366:1375 Furthermore, glucose-dependent increases in LXR/retinoid X receptor-regulated luciferase activity driven by the ChREBPα promoter was mediated, at least in part, by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) signaling in Huh7 cells. 25724563 4 20 theme gene 769:772 arg1 expression 774:783 LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression 746:783 LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression 746:783 To elucidate insulin-independent effects of feeding on LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression in vivo, we subjected control and streptozotocin-treated LXRα/β(+/+) and LXRα/β(-/-) mice to a fasting-refeeding regime. 25724563 2 21 dep feeding 431:437 arg1 response 419:426 response 419:426 response 419:426 LXRs activate lipogenic gene transcription in response to feeding, which is believed to be mediated by insulin. 25724563 8 22 theme upstream 1663:1670 arg1 sensors 1655:1661 nutrient and glucose metabolic sensors 1624:1661 nutrient and glucose metabolic sensors upstream of ChREBP 1624:1680 In summary, our study provides evidence that LXRs act as nutrient and glucose metabolic sensors upstream of ChREBP by modulating GK expression, nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling, and ChREBP expression and activity. 25724563 8 22 theme upstream 1663:1670 arg1 LXRs 1612:1615 LXRs 1612:1615 LXRs 1612:1615 In summary, our study provides evidence that LXRs act as nutrient and glucose metabolic sensors upstream of ChREBP by modulating GK expression, nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling, and ChREBP expression and activity. 25724563 4 23 theme control 807:813 arg1 +/+ 849:851 control and streptozotocin-treated LXRα/β(+/+) and LXRα/β(-/-) mice 807:873 +/+ 849:851 To elucidate insulin-independent effects of feeding on LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression in vivo, we subjected control and streptozotocin-treated LXRα/β(+/+) and LXRα/β(-/-) mice to a fasting-refeeding regime. 25724563 8 24 theme O-GlcNAc 1719:1726 arg1 signaling 1728:1736 nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling 1711:1736 nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling 1711:1736 In summary, our study provides evidence that LXRs act as nutrient and glucose metabolic sensors upstream of ChREBP by modulating GK expression, nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling, and ChREBP expression and activity. 25724563 2 25 theme lipogenic 387:395 arg1 transcription 402:414 lipogenic gene transcription 387:414 lipogenic gene transcription 387:414 LXRs activate lipogenic gene transcription in response to feeding, which is believed to be mediated by insulin. 25724563 5 26 theme identified 1126:1135 arg1 ChREBPβ 1153:1159 the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ 1116:1159 the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ 1116:1159 We show that under hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic conditions, LXRs maintain their ability to upregulate the expression of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, including glucokinase (GK), SREBP-1c, ChREBPα, and the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ. 25724563 6 27 theme glucose-dependent 1175:1191 arg1 increases 1193:1201 glucose-dependent increases 1175:1201 glucose-dependent increases in LXR/retinoid X receptor-regulated luciferase activity driven by the ChREBPα promoter 1175:1289 Furthermore, glucose-dependent increases in LXR/retinoid X receptor-regulated luciferase activity driven by the ChREBPα promoter was mediated, at least in part, by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) signaling in Huh7 cells. 25724563 8 28 theme nuclear 1711:1717 arg1 signaling 1728:1736 nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling 1711:1736 nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling 1711:1736 In summary, our study provides evidence that LXRs act as nutrient and glucose metabolic sensors upstream of ChREBP by modulating GK expression, nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling, and ChREBP expression and activity. 25724563 1 29 theme key 162:164 arg1 roles 166:170 key roles 162:170 key roles 162:170 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 0 30 theme X 6:6 arg1 receptor 8:15 Liver X receptor 0:15 Liver X receptor 0:15 Liver X receptor regulates hepatic nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein activity. 25724563 3 31 theme O-linked 563:570 arg1 modification 605:616 glucose-hexosamine-derived O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 536:616 glucose-hexosamine-derived O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification enhancing their ability to regulate SREBP-1c promoter activity in vitro 536:688 We have previously shown that LXRs are targets for glucose-hexosamine-derived O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification enhancing their ability to regulate SREBP-1c promoter activity in vitro. 25724563 0 32 theme Liver 0:4 arg1 receptor 8:15 Liver X receptor 0:15 Liver X receptor 0:15 Liver X receptor regulates hepatic nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein activity. 25724563 1 33 theme sterol 258:263 arg1 -1c 307:309 sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c 258:309 sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c 258:309 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 3 34 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 572:592 arg1 modification 605:616 glucose-hexosamine-derived O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 536:616 glucose-hexosamine-derived O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification enhancing their ability to regulate SREBP-1c promoter activity in vitro 536:688 We have previously shown that LXRs are targets for glucose-hexosamine-derived O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification enhancing their ability to regulate SREBP-1c promoter activity in vitro. 25724563 5 35 theme shorter 1137:1143 arg1 isoform 1145:1151 shorter isoform 1137:1151 the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ 1116:1159 We show that under hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic conditions, LXRs maintain their ability to upregulate the expression of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, including glucokinase (GK), SREBP-1c, ChREBPα, and the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ. 25724563 1 36 theme regulatory 265:274 arg1 SREBP 301:305 SREBP 301:305 SREBP 301:305 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 1 36 theme regulatory 265:274 arg1 protein 292:298 regulatory element-binding protein 265:298 sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c 258:309 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 6 37 theme ChREBPα 1274:1280 arg1 promoter 1282:1289 the ChREBPα promoter 1270:1289 the ChREBPα promoter 1270:1289 Furthermore, glucose-dependent increases in LXR/retinoid X receptor-regulated luciferase activity driven by the ChREBPα promoter was mediated, at least in part, by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) signaling in Huh7 cells. 25724563 1 38 theme hepatic 175:181 arg1 lipogenesis 191:201 hepatic de novo lipogenesis 175:201 hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) 175:370 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 4 39 theme LXRα/β 842:847 arg1 +/+ 849:851 control and streptozotocin-treated LXRα/β(+/+) and LXRα/β(-/-) mice 807:873 +/+ 849:851 To elucidate insulin-independent effects of feeding on LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression in vivo, we subjected control and streptozotocin-treated LXRα/β(+/+) and LXRα/β(-/-) mice to a fasting-refeeding regime. 25724563 1 40 theme element-binding 276:290 arg1 SREBP 301:305 SREBP 301:305 SREBP 301:305 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 1 40 theme element-binding 276:290 arg1 protein 292:298 regulatory element-binding protein 265:298 sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c 258:309 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 3 41 theme promoter 663:670 arg1 activity 672:679 SREBP-1c promoter activity 654:679 SREBP-1c promoter activity 654:679 We have previously shown that LXRs are targets for glucose-hexosamine-derived O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification enhancing their ability to regulate SREBP-1c promoter activity in vitro. 25724563 1 42 theme Liver 124:128 arg1 LXR 142:144 LXR 142:144 LXR 142:144 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 1 42 theme Liver 124:128 arg1 receptor 132:139 Liver X receptor 124:139 Liver X receptor (LXR)α 124:146 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 6 43 theme receptor-regulated 1221:1238 arg1 activity 1251:1258 receptor-regulated luciferase activity 1221:1258 receptor-regulated luciferase activity 1221:1258 Furthermore, glucose-dependent increases in LXR/retinoid X receptor-regulated luciferase activity driven by the ChREBPα promoter was mediated, at least in part, by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) signaling in Huh7 cells. 25724563 1 44 theme de 183:184 arg1 lipogenesis 191:201 hepatic de novo lipogenesis 175:201 hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) 175:370 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 0 45 theme nuclear 35:41 arg1 signaling 52:60 hepatic nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling 27:60 hepatic nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling 27:60 Liver X receptor regulates hepatic nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein activity. 25724563 1 46 theme protein 292:298 arg1 -1c 307:309 sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c 258:309 sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c 258:309 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 7 47 theme promoter 1532:1539 arg1 activity 1549:1556 nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling and ChREBPα promoter binding activity 1493:1556 activity 1549:1556 Moreover, we show that LXR and OGT interact and colocalize in the nucleus and that loss of LXRs profoundly reduced nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling and ChREBPα promoter binding activity in vivo. 25724563 7 48 theme binding 1541:1547 arg1 activity 1549:1556 nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling and ChREBPα promoter binding activity 1493:1556 activity 1549:1556 Moreover, we show that LXR and OGT interact and colocalize in the nucleus and that loss of LXRs profoundly reduced nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling and ChREBPα promoter binding activity in vivo. 25724563 5 49 theme glycolytic 1031:1040 arg1 SREBP-1c 1093:1100 SREBP-1c 1093:1100 SREBP-1c 1093:1100 We show that under hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic conditions, LXRs maintain their ability to upregulate the expression of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, including glucokinase (GK), SREBP-1c, ChREBPα, and the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ. 25724563 5 49 theme glycolytic 1031:1040 arg1 ChREBPα 1103:1109 ChREBPα 1103:1109 ChREBPα 1103:1109 We show that under hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic conditions, LXRs maintain their ability to upregulate the expression of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, including glucokinase (GK), SREBP-1c, ChREBPα, and the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ. 25724563 5 49 theme glycolytic 1031:1040 arg1 enzymes 1056:1062 glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes 1031:1062 enzymes 1056:1062 We show that under hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic conditions, LXRs maintain their ability to upregulate the expression of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, including glucokinase (GK), SREBP-1c, ChREBPα, and the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ. 25724563 5 49 theme glycolytic 1031:1040 arg1 ChREBPβ 1153:1159 the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ 1116:1159 the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ 1116:1159 We show that under hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic conditions, LXRs maintain their ability to upregulate the expression of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, including glucokinase (GK), SREBP-1c, ChREBPα, and the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ. 25724563 5 49 theme glycolytic 1031:1040 arg1 glucokinase 1075:1085 glucokinase 1075:1085 glucokinase (GK) 1075:1090 We show that under hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic conditions, LXRs maintain their ability to upregulate the expression of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, including glucokinase (GK), SREBP-1c, ChREBPα, and the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ. 25724563 0 50 theme hepatic 27:33 arg1 signaling 52:60 hepatic nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling 27:60 hepatic nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling 27:60 Liver X receptor regulates hepatic nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein activity. 25724563 5 51 theme lipogenic 1046:1054 arg1 SREBP-1c 1093:1100 SREBP-1c 1093:1100 SREBP-1c 1093:1100 We show that under hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic conditions, LXRs maintain their ability to upregulate the expression of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, including glucokinase (GK), SREBP-1c, ChREBPα, and the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ. 25724563 5 51 theme lipogenic 1046:1054 arg1 ChREBPα 1103:1109 ChREBPα 1103:1109 ChREBPα 1103:1109 We show that under hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic conditions, LXRs maintain their ability to upregulate the expression of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, including glucokinase (GK), SREBP-1c, ChREBPα, and the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ. 25724563 5 51 theme lipogenic 1046:1054 arg1 enzymes 1056:1062 glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes 1031:1062 enzymes 1056:1062 We show that under hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic conditions, LXRs maintain their ability to upregulate the expression of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, including glucokinase (GK), SREBP-1c, ChREBPα, and the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ. 25724563 5 51 theme lipogenic 1046:1054 arg1 ChREBPβ 1153:1159 the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ 1116:1159 the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ 1116:1159 We show that under hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic conditions, LXRs maintain their ability to upregulate the expression of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, including glucokinase (GK), SREBP-1c, ChREBPα, and the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ. 25724563 5 51 theme lipogenic 1046:1054 arg1 glucokinase 1075:1085 glucokinase 1075:1085 glucokinase (GK) 1075:1090 We show that under hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic conditions, LXRs maintain their ability to upregulate the expression of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, including glucokinase (GK), SREBP-1c, ChREBPα, and the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ. 25724563 8 52 theme ChREBP 1743:1748 arg1 expression 1750:1759 ChREBP expression 1743:1759 ChREBP expression 1743:1759 In summary, our study provides evidence that LXRs act as nutrient and glucose metabolic sensors upstream of ChREBP by modulating GK expression, nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling, and ChREBP expression and activity. 25724563 2 53 theme gene 397:400 arg1 transcription 402:414 lipogenic gene transcription 387:414 lipogenic gene transcription 387:414 LXRs activate lipogenic gene transcription in response to feeding, which is believed to be mediated by insulin. 25724563 6 54 theme transferase 1335:1345 arg1 signaling 1353:1361 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) signaling 1326:1361 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) signaling in Huh7 cells 1326:1375 Furthermore, glucose-dependent increases in LXR/retinoid X receptor-regulated luciferase activity driven by the ChREBPα promoter was mediated, at least in part, by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) signaling in Huh7 cells. 25724563 3 55 theme SREBP-1c 654:661 arg1 activity 672:679 SREBP-1c promoter activity 654:679 SREBP-1c promoter activity 654:679 We have previously shown that LXRs are targets for glucose-hexosamine-derived O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification enhancing their ability to regulate SREBP-1c promoter activity in vitro. 25724563 4 56 theme LXRα/β 858:863 arg1 mice 870:873 control and streptozotocin-treated LXRα/β(+/+) and LXRα/β(-/-) mice 807:873 mice 870:873 To elucidate insulin-independent effects of feeding on LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression in vivo, we subjected control and streptozotocin-treated LXRα/β(+/+) and LXRα/β(-/-) mice to a fasting-refeeding regime. 25724563 1 57 theme X 130:130 arg1 LXR 142:144 LXR 142:144 LXR 142:144 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 1 57 theme X 130:130 arg1 receptor 132:139 Liver X receptor 124:139 Liver X receptor (LXR)α 124:146 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 0 58 theme O-GlcNAc 43:50 arg1 signaling 52:60 hepatic nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling 27:60 hepatic nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling 27:60 Liver X receptor regulates hepatic nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein activity. 25724563 6 59 theme O-GlcNAc 1326:1333 arg1 OGT 1348:1350 OGT 1348:1350 OGT 1348:1350 Furthermore, glucose-dependent increases in LXR/retinoid X receptor-regulated luciferase activity driven by the ChREBPα promoter was mediated, at least in part, by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) signaling in Huh7 cells. 25724563 6 59 theme O-GlcNAc 1326:1333 arg1 transferase 1335:1345 O-GlcNAc transferase 1326:1345 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) signaling in Huh7 cells 1326:1375 Furthermore, glucose-dependent increases in LXR/retinoid X receptor-regulated luciferase activity driven by the ChREBPα promoter was mediated, at least in part, by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) signaling in Huh7 cells. 25724563 7 60 theme O-GlcNAc 1501:1508 arg1 signaling 1510:1518 nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling and ChREBPα promoter binding activity 1493:1556 signaling 1510:1518 Moreover, we show that LXR and OGT interact and colocalize in the nucleus and that loss of LXRs profoundly reduced nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling and ChREBPα promoter binding activity in vivo. 25724563 3 61 theme O-GlcNAc 595:602 arg1 modification 605:616 glucose-hexosamine-derived O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 536:616 glucose-hexosamine-derived O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification enhancing their ability to regulate SREBP-1c promoter activity in vitro 536:688 We have previously shown that LXRs are targets for glucose-hexosamine-derived O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification enhancing their ability to regulate SREBP-1c promoter activity in vitro. 25724563 1 62 theme receptor 132:139 arg1 α 146:146 Liver X receptor (LXR)α 124:146 Liver X receptor (LXR)α 124:146 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 8 63 theme glucose 1637:1643 arg1 sensors 1655:1661 nutrient and glucose metabolic sensors 1624:1661 nutrient and glucose metabolic sensors upstream of ChREBP 1624:1680 In summary, our study provides evidence that LXRs act as nutrient and glucose metabolic sensors upstream of ChREBP by modulating GK expression, nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling, and ChREBP expression and activity. 25724563 8 63 theme glucose 1637:1643 arg1 LXRs 1612:1615 LXRs 1612:1615 LXRs 1612:1615 In summary, our study provides evidence that LXRs act as nutrient and glucose metabolic sensors upstream of ChREBP by modulating GK expression, nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling, and ChREBP expression and activity. 25724563 2 64 dep activate 378:385 arg1 believed 449:456 believed 449:456 is believed to be mediated by insulin 446:482 LXRs activate lipogenic gene transcription in response to feeding, which is believed to be mediated by insulin. 25724563 5 65 theme hyperglycemic 925:937 arg1 conditions 959:968 hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic conditions 925:968 hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic conditions 925:968 We show that under hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic conditions, LXRs maintain their ability to upregulate the expression of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, including glucokinase (GK), SREBP-1c, ChREBPα, and the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ. 25724563 4 66 theme streptozotocin-treated 819:840 arg1 +/+ 849:851 control and streptozotocin-treated LXRα/β(+/+) and LXRα/β(-/-) mice 807:873 +/+ 849:851 To elucidate insulin-independent effects of feeding on LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression in vivo, we subjected control and streptozotocin-treated LXRα/β(+/+) and LXRα/β(-/-) mice to a fasting-refeeding regime. 25724563 4 67 theme lipogenic 759:767 arg1 expression 774:783 LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression 746:783 LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression 746:783 To elucidate insulin-independent effects of feeding on LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression in vivo, we subjected control and streptozotocin-treated LXRα/β(+/+) and LXRα/β(-/-) mice to a fasting-refeeding regime. 25724563 3 68 link O-linked 563:570 arg1 modification 605:616 glucose-hexosamine-derived O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 536:616 glucose-hexosamine-derived O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification enhancing their ability to regulate SREBP-1c promoter activity in vitro 536:688 We have previously shown that LXRs are targets for glucose-hexosamine-derived O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification enhancing their ability to regulate SREBP-1c promoter activity in vitro. 25724563 6 69 theme luciferase 1240:1249 arg1 activity 1251:1258 receptor-regulated luciferase activity 1221:1258 receptor-regulated luciferase activity 1221:1258 Furthermore, glucose-dependent increases in LXR/retinoid X receptor-regulated luciferase activity driven by the ChREBPα promoter was mediated, at least in part, by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) signaling in Huh7 cells. 25724563 4 70 theme LXR-mediated 746:757 arg1 expression 774:783 LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression 746:783 LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression 746:783 To elucidate insulin-independent effects of feeding on LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression in vivo, we subjected control and streptozotocin-treated LXRα/β(+/+) and LXRα/β(-/-) mice to a fasting-refeeding regime. 25724563 7 71 theme nuclear 1493:1499 arg1 signaling 1510:1518 nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling and ChREBPα promoter binding activity 1493:1556 signaling 1510:1518 Moreover, we show that LXR and OGT interact and colocalize in the nucleus and that loss of LXRs profoundly reduced nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling and ChREBPα promoter binding activity in vivo. 25724563 5 72 theme isoform 1145:1151 arg1 ChREBPβ 1153:1159 the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ 1116:1159 the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ 1116:1159 We show that under hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic conditions, LXRs maintain their ability to upregulate the expression of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, including glucokinase (GK), SREBP-1c, ChREBPα, and the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ. 25724563 4 73 theme insulin-independent 704:722 arg1 effects 724:730 insulin-independent effects 704:730 insulin-independent effects of feeding on LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression in vivo 704:791 To elucidate insulin-independent effects of feeding on LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression in vivo, we subjected control and streptozotocin-treated LXRα/β(+/+) and LXRα/β(-/-) mice to a fasting-refeeding regime. 25724563 8 74 theme metabolic 1645:1653 arg1 sensors 1655:1661 nutrient and glucose metabolic sensors 1624:1661 nutrient and glucose metabolic sensors upstream of ChREBP 1624:1680 In summary, our study provides evidence that LXRs act as nutrient and glucose metabolic sensors upstream of ChREBP by modulating GK expression, nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling, and ChREBP expression and activity. 25724563 8 74 theme metabolic 1645:1653 arg1 LXRs 1612:1615 LXRs 1612:1615 LXRs 1612:1615 In summary, our study provides evidence that LXRs act as nutrient and glucose metabolic sensors upstream of ChREBP by modulating GK expression, nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling, and ChREBP expression and activity. 25724563 8 75 theme ChREBP 1675:1680 arg1 upstream 1663:1670 upstream 1663:1670 upstream 1663:1670 In summary, our study provides evidence that LXRs act as nutrient and glucose metabolic sensors upstream of ChREBP by modulating GK expression, nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling, and ChREBP expression and activity. 25724563 3 76 link glucose-hexosamine-derived 536:561 arg1 modification 605:616 glucose-hexosamine-derived O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 536:616 glucose-hexosamine-derived O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification enhancing their ability to regulate SREBP-1c promoter activity in vitro 536:688 We have previously shown that LXRs are targets for glucose-hexosamine-derived O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification enhancing their ability to regulate SREBP-1c promoter activity in vitro. 25724563 7 77 theme LXRs 1469:1472 arg1 loss 1461:1464 loss 1461:1464 loss of LXRs 1461:1472 Moreover, we show that LXR and OGT interact and colocalize in the nucleus and that loss of LXRs profoundly reduced nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling and ChREBPα promoter binding activity in vivo. 25724563 1 78 dep de 183:184 arg1 novo 186:189 novo 186:189 novo 186:189 Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). 25724563 4 79 theme feeding 735:741 arg1 effects 724:730 insulin-independent effects 704:730 insulin-independent effects of feeding on LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression in vivo 704:791 To elucidate insulin-independent effects of feeding on LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression in vivo, we subjected control and streptozotocin-treated LXRα/β(+/+) and LXRα/β(-/-) mice to a fasting-refeeding regime. 26468284 4 0 theme glucosamine 532:542 arg1 effect 522:527 The effect 518:527 The effect of glucosamine on T helper cell differentiation 518:575 The effect of glucosamine on T helper cell differentiation was similar to that induced by anti-IL-2 treatment, further supporting an IL-2 signaling-dependent modulation. 26468284 4 0 theme glucosamine 532:542 arg1 similar 581:587 similar 581:587 similar 581:587 The effect of glucosamine on T helper cell differentiation was similar to that induced by anti-IL-2 treatment, further supporting an IL-2 signaling-dependent modulation. 26468284 5 1 theme excess 703:708 arg1 glucose 710:716 excess glucose 703:716 excess glucose 703:716 Interestingly, excess glucose rescued this glucosamine-mediated regulation, suggesting a functional competition between glucose and glucosamine. 26468284 8 2 theme glucosamine 1106:1116 arg1 treatment 1118:1126 glucosamine treatment 1106:1126 glucosamine treatment 1106:1126 Finally, glucosamine treatment inhibited Th1 cells in vivo, prolonged the survival of islet grafts in diabetic recipients, and exacerbated the severity of EAE. 26468284 8 3 theme EAE 1252:1254 arg1 severity 1240:1247 the severity 1236:1247 the severity of EAE 1236:1254 Finally, glucosamine treatment inhibited Th1 cells in vivo, prolonged the survival of islet grafts in diabetic recipients, and exacerbated the severity of EAE. 26468284 0 4 theme CD25 95:98 arg1 Glycosylation 78:90 N-Linked Glycosylation 69:90 N-Linked Glycosylation of CD25 69:98 Glucosamine Modulates T Cell Differentiation through Down-regulating N-Linked Glycosylation of CD25. 26468284 4 5 theme helper 549:554 arg1 differentiation 561:575 T helper cell differentiation 547:575 T helper cell differentiation 547:575 The effect of glucosamine on T helper cell differentiation was similar to that induced by anti-IL-2 treatment, further supporting an IL-2 signaling-dependent modulation. 26468284 8 6 theme Th1 1138:1140 arg1 cells 1142:1146 Th1 cells 1138:1146 Th1 cells 1138:1146 Finally, glucosamine treatment inhibited Th1 cells in vivo, prolonged the survival of islet grafts in diabetic recipients, and exacerbated the severity of EAE. 26468284 7 7 theme glycolytic 1007:1016 arg1 metabolism 1018:1027 Glut1-dependent glycolytic metabolism 991:1027 Glut1-dependent glycolytic metabolism 991:1027 This finding suggests that both down-regulated IL-2 signaling and Glut1-dependent glycolytic metabolism contribute to the inhibition of Th1 differentiation by glucosamine. 26468284 4 8 theme anti-IL-2 608:616 arg1 treatment 618:626 anti-IL-2 treatment 608:626 anti-IL-2 treatment 608:626 The effect of glucosamine on T helper cell differentiation was similar to that induced by anti-IL-2 treatment, further supporting an IL-2 signaling-dependent modulation. 26468284 4 9 theme T 547:547 arg1 differentiation 561:575 T helper cell differentiation 547:575 T helper cell differentiation 547:575 The effect of glucosamine on T helper cell differentiation was similar to that induced by anti-IL-2 treatment, further supporting an IL-2 signaling-dependent modulation. 26468284 8 10 theme grafts 1189:1194 arg1 survival 1171:1178 the survival 1167:1178 the survival of islet grafts in diabetic recipients 1167:1217 Finally, glucosamine treatment inhibited Th1 cells in vivo, prolonged the survival of islet grafts in diabetic recipients, and exacerbated the severity of EAE. 26468284 0 11 gly Glycosylation 78:90 arg1 CD25 95:98 CD25 95:98 CD25 95:98 Glucosamine Modulates T Cell Differentiation through Down-regulating N-Linked Glycosylation of CD25. 26468284 10 12 theme homeostasis 1508:1518 arg1 modulator 1461:1469 an important modulator 1448:1469 an important modulator of T cell differentiation and immune homeostasis 1448:1518 These effects suggest that glucosamine may be an important modulator of T cell differentiation and immune homeostasis. 26468284 10 12 theme homeostasis 1508:1518 arg1 glucosamine 1429:1439 glucosamine 1429:1439 glucosamine 1429:1439 These effects suggest that glucosamine may be an important modulator of T cell differentiation and immune homeostasis. 26468284 2 13 theme mechanism 179:187 arg1 s 189:189 the mechanism(s) 175:190 the mechanism(s) through which glucosamine modulates different T cell subsets and diseases 175:264 However, the mechanism(s) through which glucosamine modulates different T cell subsets and diseases remain unclear. 26468284 8 14 theme islet 1183:1187 arg1 grafts 1189:1194 islet grafts 1183:1194 islet grafts 1183:1194 Finally, glucosamine treatment inhibited Th1 cells in vivo, prolonged the survival of islet grafts in diabetic recipients, and exacerbated the severity of EAE. 26468284 8 15 theme diabetic 1199:1206 arg1 recipients 1208:1217 diabetic recipients 1199:1217 diabetic recipients 1199:1217 Finally, glucosamine treatment inhibited Th1 cells in vivo, prolonged the survival of islet grafts in diabetic recipients, and exacerbated the severity of EAE. 26468284 9 16 theme CD25 1346:1349 arg1 N-glycosylation 1327:1341 N-glycosylation 1327:1341 N-glycosylation of CD25 1327:1349 Taken together, our results indicate that glucosamine interferes with N-glycosylation of CD25, and thereby attenuates IL-2 downstream signaling. 26468284 7 17 theme Glut1-dependent 991:1005 arg1 metabolism 1018:1027 Glut1-dependent glycolytic metabolism 991:1027 Glut1-dependent glycolytic metabolism 991:1027 This finding suggests that both down-regulated IL-2 signaling and Glut1-dependent glycolytic metabolism contribute to the inhibition of Th1 differentiation by glucosamine. 26468284 3 18 theme Stat5 474:478 arg1 signaling 480:488 its downstream Stat5 signaling 459:488 its downstream Stat5 signaling 459:488 We demonstrate that glucosamine impedes Th1, Th2, and iTreg but promotes Th17 differentiation through down-regulating N-linked glycosylation of CD25 and subsequently inhibiting its downstream Stat5 signaling in a dose-dependent manner. 26468284 3 19 theme Th17 355:358 arg1 differentiation 360:374 Th17 differentiation 355:374 Th17 differentiation 355:374 We demonstrate that glucosamine impedes Th1, Th2, and iTreg but promotes Th17 differentiation through down-regulating N-linked glycosylation of CD25 and subsequently inhibiting its downstream Stat5 signaling in a dose-dependent manner. 26468284 3 20 gly glycosylation 409:421 arg1 CD25 426:429 CD25 426:429 CD25 426:429 We demonstrate that glucosamine impedes Th1, Th2, and iTreg but promotes Th17 differentiation through down-regulating N-linked glycosylation of CD25 and subsequently inhibiting its downstream Stat5 signaling in a dose-dependent manner. 26468284 6 21 theme Th1-polarized 904:916 arg1 cells 918:922 Th1-polarized cells 904:922 Th1-polarized cells 904:922 High-dose glucosamine significantly decreased Glut1 N-glycosylation in Th1-polarized cells. 26468284 7 22 theme IL-2 972:975 arg1 signaling 977:985 down-regulated IL-2 signaling 957:985 down-regulated IL-2 signaling 957:985 This finding suggests that both down-regulated IL-2 signaling and Glut1-dependent glycolytic metabolism contribute to the inhibition of Th1 differentiation by glucosamine. 26468284 9 23 gly N-glycosylation 1327:1341 arg1 CD25 1346:1349 CD25 1346:1349 CD25 1346:1349 Taken together, our results indicate that glucosamine interferes with N-glycosylation of CD25, and thereby attenuates IL-2 downstream signaling. 26468284 8 24 from survival 1171:1178 arg1 recipients 1208:1217 diabetic recipients 1199:1217 diabetic recipients 1199:1217 Finally, glucosamine treatment inhibited Th1 cells in vivo, prolonged the survival of islet grafts in diabetic recipients, and exacerbated the severity of EAE. 26468284 4 25 from effect 522:527 arg1 differentiation 561:575 T helper cell differentiation 547:575 T helper cell differentiation 547:575 The effect of glucosamine on T helper cell differentiation was similar to that induced by anti-IL-2 treatment, further supporting an IL-2 signaling-dependent modulation. 26468284 7 26 theme differentiation 1065:1079 arg1 inhibition 1047:1056 the inhibition 1043:1056 the inhibition of Th1 differentiation by glucosamine 1043:1094 This finding suggests that both down-regulated IL-2 signaling and Glut1-dependent glycolytic metabolism contribute to the inhibition of Th1 differentiation by glucosamine. 26468284 10 27 theme T 1474:1474 arg1 differentiation 1481:1495 T cell differentiation 1474:1495 T cell differentiation 1474:1495 These effects suggest that glucosamine may be an important modulator of T cell differentiation and immune homeostasis. 26468284 3 28 theme downstream 463:472 arg1 signaling 480:488 its downstream Stat5 signaling 459:488 its downstream Stat5 signaling 459:488 We demonstrate that glucosamine impedes Th1, Th2, and iTreg but promotes Th17 differentiation through down-regulating N-linked glycosylation of CD25 and subsequently inhibiting its downstream Stat5 signaling in a dose-dependent manner. 26468284 0 29 theme Cell 24:27 arg1 Differentiation 29:43 T Cell Differentiation 22:43 T Cell Differentiation 22:43 Glucosamine Modulates T Cell Differentiation through Down-regulating N-Linked Glycosylation of CD25. 26468284 6 30 theme Glut1 879:883 arg1 N-glycosylation 885:899 Glut1 N-glycosylation 879:899 Glut1 N-glycosylation 879:899 High-dose glucosamine significantly decreased Glut1 N-glycosylation in Th1-polarized cells. 26468284 1 31 theme immunomodulatory 117:132 arg1 effects 134:140 immunomodulatory effects 117:140 immunomodulatory effects 117:140 Glucosamine has immunomodulatory effects on autoimmune diseases. 26468284 7 32 theme down-regulated 957:970 arg1 signaling 977:985 down-regulated IL-2 signaling 957:985 down-regulated IL-2 signaling 957:985 This finding suggests that both down-regulated IL-2 signaling and Glut1-dependent glycolytic metabolism contribute to the inhibition of Th1 differentiation by glucosamine. 26468284 3 33 theme dose-dependent 495:508 arg1 manner 510:515 a dose-dependent manner 493:515 a dose-dependent manner 493:515 We demonstrate that glucosamine impedes Th1, Th2, and iTreg but promotes Th17 differentiation through down-regulating N-linked glycosylation of CD25 and subsequently inhibiting its downstream Stat5 signaling in a dose-dependent manner. 26468284 3 34 theme N-linked 400:407 arg1 glycosylation 409:421 N-linked glycosylation 400:421 N-linked glycosylation of CD25 400:429 We demonstrate that glucosamine impedes Th1, Th2, and iTreg but promotes Th17 differentiation through down-regulating N-linked glycosylation of CD25 and subsequently inhibiting its downstream Stat5 signaling in a dose-dependent manner. 26468284 5 35 theme functional 777:786 arg1 competition 788:798 a functional competition 775:798 a functional competition between glucose and glucosamine 775:830 Interestingly, excess glucose rescued this glucosamine-mediated regulation, suggesting a functional competition between glucose and glucosamine. 26468284 9 36 theme IL-2 1375:1378 arg1 signaling 1391:1399 IL-2 downstream signaling 1375:1399 IL-2 downstream signaling 1375:1399 Taken together, our results indicate that glucosamine interferes with N-glycosylation of CD25, and thereby attenuates IL-2 downstream signaling. 26468284 6 37 gly N-glycosylation 885:899 arg1 cells 918:922 Th1-polarized cells 904:922 Th1-polarized cells 904:922 High-dose glucosamine significantly decreased Glut1 N-glycosylation in Th1-polarized cells. 26468284 9 38 theme downstream 1380:1389 arg1 signaling 1391:1399 IL-2 downstream signaling 1375:1399 IL-2 downstream signaling 1375:1399 Taken together, our results indicate that glucosamine interferes with N-glycosylation of CD25, and thereby attenuates IL-2 downstream signaling. 26468284 10 39 theme important 1451:1459 arg1 modulator 1461:1469 an important modulator 1448:1469 an important modulator of T cell differentiation and immune homeostasis 1448:1518 These effects suggest that glucosamine may be an important modulator of T cell differentiation and immune homeostasis. 26468284 10 39 theme important 1451:1459 arg1 glucosamine 1429:1439 glucosamine 1429:1439 glucosamine 1429:1439 These effects suggest that glucosamine may be an important modulator of T cell differentiation and immune homeostasis. 26468284 10 40 theme immune 1501:1506 arg1 homeostasis 1508:1518 immune homeostasis 1501:1518 immune homeostasis 1501:1518 These effects suggest that glucosamine may be an important modulator of T cell differentiation and immune homeostasis. 26468284 0 41 theme N-Linked 69:76 arg1 Glycosylation 78:90 N-Linked Glycosylation 69:90 N-Linked Glycosylation of CD25 69:98 Glucosamine Modulates T Cell Differentiation through Down-regulating N-Linked Glycosylation of CD25. 26468284 4 42 theme cell 556:559 arg1 differentiation 561:575 T helper cell differentiation 547:575 T helper cell differentiation 547:575 The effect of glucosamine on T helper cell differentiation was similar to that induced by anti-IL-2 treatment, further supporting an IL-2 signaling-dependent modulation. 26468284 5 43 theme glucosamine-mediated 731:750 arg1 regulation 752:761 this glucosamine-mediated regulation 726:761 this glucosamine-mediated regulation 726:761 Interestingly, excess glucose rescued this glucosamine-mediated regulation, suggesting a functional competition between glucose and glucosamine. 26468284 2 44 theme cell 240:243 arg1 subsets 245:251 different T cell subsets 228:251 different T cell subsets 228:251 However, the mechanism(s) through which glucosamine modulates different T cell subsets and diseases remain unclear. 26468284 1 45 contain has 113:115 arg2 effects 134:140 immunomodulatory effects 117:140 immunomodulatory effects 117:140 Glucosamine has immunomodulatory effects on autoimmune diseases. 26468284 1 45 contain has 113:115 arg1 Glucosamine 101:111 Glucosamine 101:111 Glucosamine 101:111 Glucosamine has immunomodulatory effects on autoimmune diseases. 26468284 2 46 theme different 228:236 arg1 subsets 245:251 different T cell subsets 228:251 different T cell subsets 228:251 However, the mechanism(s) through which glucosamine modulates different T cell subsets and diseases remain unclear. 26468284 2 47 theme T 238:238 arg1 subsets 245:251 different T cell subsets 228:251 different T cell subsets 228:251 However, the mechanism(s) through which glucosamine modulates different T cell subsets and diseases remain unclear. 26468284 10 48 theme differentiation 1481:1495 arg1 modulator 1461:1469 an important modulator 1448:1469 an important modulator of T cell differentiation and immune homeostasis 1448:1518 These effects suggest that glucosamine may be an important modulator of T cell differentiation and immune homeostasis. 26468284 10 48 theme differentiation 1481:1495 arg1 glucosamine 1429:1439 glucosamine 1429:1439 glucosamine 1429:1439 These effects suggest that glucosamine may be an important modulator of T cell differentiation and immune homeostasis. 26468284 1 49 theme autoimmune 145:154 arg1 diseases 156:163 autoimmune diseases 145:163 autoimmune diseases 145:163 Glucosamine has immunomodulatory effects on autoimmune diseases. 26468284 6 50 theme High-dose 833:841 arg1 glucosamine 843:853 High-dose glucosamine 833:853 High-dose glucosamine 833:853 High-dose glucosamine significantly decreased Glut1 N-glycosylation in Th1-polarized cells. 26468284 7 51 theme Th1 1061:1063 arg1 differentiation 1065:1079 Th1 differentiation 1061:1079 Th1 differentiation 1061:1079 This finding suggests that both down-regulated IL-2 signaling and Glut1-dependent glycolytic metabolism contribute to the inhibition of Th1 differentiation by glucosamine. 26468284 10 52 theme cell 1476:1479 arg1 differentiation 1481:1495 T cell differentiation 1474:1495 T cell differentiation 1474:1495 These effects suggest that glucosamine may be an important modulator of T cell differentiation and immune homeostasis. 26468284 3 53 link N-linked 400:407 arg1 glycosylation 409:421 N-linked glycosylation 400:421 N-linked glycosylation of CD25 400:429 We demonstrate that glucosamine impedes Th1, Th2, and iTreg but promotes Th17 differentiation through down-regulating N-linked glycosylation of CD25 and subsequently inhibiting its downstream Stat5 signaling in a dose-dependent manner. 26468284 4 54 theme signaling-dependent 656:674 arg1 modulation 676:685 an IL-2 signaling-dependent modulation 648:685 an IL-2 signaling-dependent modulation 648:685 The effect of glucosamine on T helper cell differentiation was similar to that induced by anti-IL-2 treatment, further supporting an IL-2 signaling-dependent modulation. 26468284 3 55 theme CD25 426:429 arg1 glycosylation 409:421 N-linked glycosylation 400:421 N-linked glycosylation of CD25 400:429 We demonstrate that glucosamine impedes Th1, Th2, and iTreg but promotes Th17 differentiation through down-regulating N-linked glycosylation of CD25 and subsequently inhibiting its downstream Stat5 signaling in a dose-dependent manner. 26468284 0 56 theme T 22:22 arg1 Differentiation 29:43 T Cell Differentiation 22:43 T Cell Differentiation 22:43 Glucosamine Modulates T Cell Differentiation through Down-regulating N-Linked Glycosylation of CD25. 26468284 4 57 theme IL-2 651:654 arg1 modulation 676:685 an IL-2 signaling-dependent modulation 648:685 an IL-2 signaling-dependent modulation 648:685 The effect of glucosamine on T helper cell differentiation was similar to that induced by anti-IL-2 treatment, further supporting an IL-2 signaling-dependent modulation. 28115398 8 0 theme proinflammatory 1551:1565 arg1 effects 1567:1573 hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory effects 1530:1573 hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory effects 1530:1573 Inflammatory responses were less pronounced in IAH, indicating that counterregulatory hormone responses are key modulators of hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory effects. 28115398 1 1 with patients 167:174 arg1 diabetes 181:188 diabetes 181:188 diabetes 181:188 Severe hypoglycemic events have been associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes, which may be explained by hypoglycemia-induced inflammation. 28115398 2 2 with patients 543:550 arg1 diabetes 564:571 type 1 diabetes 557:571 type 1 diabetes 557:571 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 2 with patients 543:550 arg1 awareness 503:511 normal awareness 496:511 normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH) 496:533 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 2 with patients 543:550 arg1 diabetes 483:490 type 1 diabetes 476:490 type 1 diabetes 476:490 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 3 with patients 462:469 arg1 diabetes 483:490 type 1 diabetes 476:490 type 1 diabetes 476:490 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 3 with patients 462:469 arg1 awareness 503:511 normal awareness 496:511 normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH) 496:533 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 3 with patients 462:469 arg1 diabetes 564:571 type 1 diabetes 557:571 type 1 diabetes 557:571 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 0 4 from Effects 16:22 arg1 Humans 43:48 Humans 43:48 Humans With or Without Diabetes 43:73 Proinflammatory Effects of Hypoglycemia in Humans With or Without Diabetes. 28115398 2 5 theme impaired 577:584 arg1 IAH 597:599 IAH 597:599 IAH 597:599 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 5 theme impaired 577:584 arg1 awareness 586:594 impaired awareness 577:594 impaired awareness (IAH) 577:600 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 6 from patients 543:550 arg1 participants 445:456 11 healthy participants 434:456 11 healthy participants 434:456 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 5 7 theme robust 984:989 arg1 response 1000:1007 a more robust cytokine response 977:1007 a more robust cytokine response to microbial stimulation after hypoglycemia 977:1051 Ex vivo, PBMCs and monocytes displayed a more robust cytokine response to microbial stimulation after hypoglycemia compared with euglycemia, although it was less pronounced in patients with IAH. 28115398 8 8 theme hypoglycemia-induced 1530:1549 arg1 effects 1567:1573 hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory effects 1530:1573 hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory effects 1530:1573 Inflammatory responses were less pronounced in IAH, indicating that counterregulatory hormone responses are key modulators of hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory effects. 28115398 2 9 theme cells 313:317 arg1 stimulations 268:279 ex vivo stimulations 260:279 ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) 260:600 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 5 10 from pronounced 1100:1109 arg1 patients 1114:1121 patients 1114:1121 patients with IAH 1114:1130 Ex vivo, PBMCs and monocytes displayed a more robust cytokine response to microbial stimulation after hypoglycemia compared with euglycemia, although it was less pronounced in patients with IAH. 28115398 7 11 from pool 1335:1338 arg1 mobilization 1274:1285 mobilization 1274:1285 mobilization of specific leukocyte subsets from the marginal pool 1274:1338 We conclude that hypoglycemia promotes mobilization of specific leukocyte subsets from the marginal pool and induces proinflammatory functional changes in immune cells. 28115398 2 12 with clamps 424:429 arg1 diabetes 564:571 type 1 diabetes 557:571 type 1 diabetes 557:571 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 12 with clamps 424:429 arg1 awareness 503:511 normal awareness 496:511 normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH) 496:533 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 12 with clamps 424:429 arg1 diabetes 483:490 type 1 diabetes 476:490 type 1 diabetes 476:490 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 9 13 theme sustained 1635:1643 arg1 state 1658:1662 a sustained inflammatory state 1633:1662 a sustained inflammatory state 1633:1662 Hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory changes may promote a sustained inflammatory state. 28115398 1 14 from mortality 154:162 arg1 patients 167:174 patients 167:174 patients with diabetes 167:188 Severe hypoglycemic events have been associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes, which may be explained by hypoglycemia-induced inflammation. 28115398 2 15 theme mononuclear 301:311 arg1 PBMCs 320:324 PBMCs 320:324 PBMCs 320:324 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 15 theme mononuclear 301:311 arg1 cells 313:317 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 284:317 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 284:325 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 6 16 from expression 1169:1178 arg1 PBMCs 1228:1232 PBMCs 1228:1232 PBMCs 1228:1232 Of note, hypoglycemia increased the expression of markers of demargination and inflammation in PBMCs. 28115398 2 17 theme monocytes 331:339 arg1 stimulations 268:279 ex vivo stimulations 260:279 ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) 260:600 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 18 theme hypoglycemia 516:527 arg1 diabetes 483:490 type 1 diabetes 476:490 type 1 diabetes 476:490 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 18 theme hypoglycemia 516:527 arg1 awareness 503:511 normal awareness 496:511 normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH) 496:533 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 19 from patients 462:469 arg1 participants 445:456 11 healthy participants 434:456 11 healthy participants 434:456 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 20 theme blood 295:299 arg1 PBMCs 320:324 PBMCs 320:324 PBMCs 320:324 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 20 theme blood 295:299 arg1 cells 313:317 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 284:317 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 284:325 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 7 21 theme functional 1368:1377 arg1 changes 1379:1385 proinflammatory functional changes 1352:1385 proinflammatory functional changes in immune cells 1352:1401 We conclude that hypoglycemia promotes mobilization of specific leukocyte subsets from the marginal pool and induces proinflammatory functional changes in immune cells. 28115398 3 22 with patients 840:847 arg1 IAH 854:856 IAH 854:856 IAH 854:856 Hypoglycemia increased leukocyte numbers in healthy control participants and patients with NAH but not in patients with IAH. 28115398 1 23 theme Severe 76:81 arg1 events 96:101 Severe hypoglycemic events 76:101 Severe hypoglycemic events 76:101 Severe hypoglycemic events have been associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes, which may be explained by hypoglycemia-induced inflammation. 28115398 2 24 with awareness 586:594 arg1 diabetes 564:571 type 1 diabetes 557:571 type 1 diabetes 557:571 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 24 with awareness 586:594 arg1 awareness 503:511 normal awareness 496:511 normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH) 496:533 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 24 with awareness 586:594 arg1 diabetes 483:490 type 1 diabetes 476:490 type 1 diabetes 476:490 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 25 dep ex 260:261 arg1 vivo 263:266 vivo 263:266 vivo 263:266 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 1 26 theme hypoglycemic 83:94 arg1 events 96:101 Severe hypoglycemic events 76:101 Severe hypoglycemic events 76:101 Severe hypoglycemic events have been associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes, which may be explained by hypoglycemia-induced inflammation. 28115398 0 27 theme Proinflammatory 0:14 arg1 Effects 16:22 Proinflammatory Effects 0:22 Proinflammatory Effects of Hypoglycemia in Humans With or Without Diabetes 0:73 Proinflammatory Effects of Hypoglycemia in Humans With or Without Diabetes. 28115398 2 28 theme inflammatory 638:649 arg1 function 651:658 inflammatory function 638:658 inflammatory function 638:658 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 7 29 theme immune 1390:1395 arg1 cells 1397:1401 immune cells 1390:1401 immune cells 1390:1401 We conclude that hypoglycemia promotes mobilization of specific leukocyte subsets from the marginal pool and induces proinflammatory functional changes in immune cells. 28115398 2 30 theme -hypoglycemic 397:409 arg1 clamps 424:429 hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps 357:429 hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants 357:456 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 0 31 theme Hypoglycemia 27:38 arg1 Effects 16:22 Proinflammatory Effects 0:22 Proinflammatory Effects of Hypoglycemia in Humans With or Without Diabetes 0:73 Proinflammatory Effects of Hypoglycemia in Humans With or Without Diabetes. 28115398 6 32 theme demargination 1194:1206 arg1 markers 1183:1189 markers 1183:1189 markers of demargination and inflammation 1183:1223 Of note, hypoglycemia increased the expression of markers of demargination and inflammation in PBMCs. 28115398 2 33 theme healthy 437:443 arg1 participants 445:456 11 healthy participants 434:456 11 healthy participants 434:456 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 34 from awareness 586:594 arg1 participants 445:456 11 healthy participants 434:456 11 healthy participants 434:456 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 9 35 theme inflammatory 1645:1656 arg1 state 1658:1662 a sustained inflammatory state 1633:1662 a sustained inflammatory state 1633:1662 Hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory changes may promote a sustained inflammatory state. 28115398 6 36 theme markers 1183:1189 arg1 expression 1169:1178 the expression 1165:1178 the expression of markers of demargination and inflammation in PBMCs 1165:1232 Of note, hypoglycemia increased the expression of markers of demargination and inflammation in PBMCs. 28115398 8 37 theme Inflammatory 1404:1415 arg1 responses 1417:1425 Inflammatory responses 1404:1425 Inflammatory responses 1404:1425 Inflammatory responses were less pronounced in IAH, indicating that counterregulatory hormone responses are key modulators of hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory effects. 28115398 7 38 theme marginal 1326:1333 arg1 pool 1335:1338 the marginal pool 1322:1338 the marginal pool 1322:1338 We conclude that hypoglycemia promotes mobilization of specific leukocyte subsets from the marginal pool and induces proinflammatory functional changes in immune cells. 28115398 7 39 from changes 1379:1385 arg1 cells 1397:1401 immune cells 1390:1401 immune cells 1390:1401 We conclude that hypoglycemia promotes mobilization of specific leukocyte subsets from the marginal pool and induces proinflammatory functional changes in immune cells. 28115398 8 40 theme counterregulatory 1472:1488 arg1 responses 1498:1506 counterregulatory hormone responses 1472:1506 counterregulatory hormone responses 1472:1506 Inflammatory responses were less pronounced in IAH, indicating that counterregulatory hormone responses are key modulators of hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory effects. 28115398 8 40 theme counterregulatory 1472:1488 arg1 modulators 1516:1525 key modulators 1512:1525 key modulators of hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory effects 1512:1573 Inflammatory responses were less pronounced in IAH, indicating that counterregulatory hormone responses are key modulators of hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory effects. 28115398 2 41 used used 255:258 arg2 We 252:253 We 252:253 We 252:253 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 7 42 theme subsets 1309:1315 arg1 mobilization 1274:1285 mobilization 1274:1285 mobilization of specific leukocyte subsets from the marginal pool 1274:1338 We conclude that hypoglycemia promotes mobilization of specific leukocyte subsets from the marginal pool and induces proinflammatory functional changes in immune cells. 28115398 2 43 theme type 476:479 arg1 diabetes 483:490 type 1 diabetes 476:490 type 1 diabetes 476:490 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 5 44 theme microbial 1012:1020 arg1 stimulation 1022:1032 microbial stimulation 1012:1032 microbial stimulation 1012:1032 Ex vivo, PBMCs and monocytes displayed a more robust cytokine response to microbial stimulation after hypoglycemia compared with euglycemia, although it was less pronounced in patients with IAH. 28115398 3 45 with patients 811:818 arg1 NAH 825:827 NAH 825:827 NAH 825:827 Hypoglycemia increased leukocyte numbers in healthy control participants and patients with NAH but not in patients with IAH. 28115398 1 46 theme hypoglycemia-induced 217:236 arg1 inflammation 238:249 hypoglycemia-induced inflammation 217:249 hypoglycemia-induced inflammation 217:249 Severe hypoglycemic events have been associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes, which may be explained by hypoglycemia-induced inflammation. 28115398 7 47 theme specific 1290:1297 arg1 subsets 1309:1315 specific leukocyte subsets 1290:1315 specific leukocyte subsets 1290:1315 We conclude that hypoglycemia promotes mobilization of specific leukocyte subsets from the marginal pool and induces proinflammatory functional changes in immune cells. 28115398 5 48 from patients 1114:1121 arg1 pronounced 1100:1109 pronounced 1100:1109 pronounced 1100:1109 Ex vivo, PBMCs and monocytes displayed a more robust cytokine response to microbial stimulation after hypoglycemia compared with euglycemia, although it was less pronounced in patients with IAH. 28115398 2 49 theme hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic 357:383 arg1 clamps 424:429 hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps 357:429 hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants 357:456 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 9 50 theme Hypoglycemia-induced 1576:1595 arg1 changes 1613:1619 Hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory changes 1576:1619 Hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory changes 1576:1619 Hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory changes may promote a sustained inflammatory state. 28115398 2 51 theme type 557:560 arg1 diabetes 564:571 type 1 diabetes 557:571 type 1 diabetes 557:571 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 52 theme cells 670:674 arg1 composition 622:632 the composition 618:632 the composition 618:632 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 52 theme cells 670:674 arg1 function 651:658 inflammatory function 638:658 inflammatory function 638:658 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 7 53 theme leukocyte 1299:1307 arg1 subsets 1309:1315 specific leukocyte subsets 1290:1315 specific leukocyte subsets 1290:1315 We conclude that hypoglycemia promotes mobilization of specific leukocyte subsets from the marginal pool and induces proinflammatory functional changes in immune cells. 28115398 3 54 theme leukocyte 757:765 arg1 numbers 767:773 leukocyte numbers 757:773 leukocyte numbers 757:773 Hypoglycemia increased leukocyte numbers in healthy control participants and patients with NAH but not in patients with IAH. 28115398 4 55 theme adrenaline 901:910 arg1 response 912:919 the adrenaline response 897:919 the adrenaline response to hypoglycemia 897:935 Leukocytosis strongly correlated with the adrenaline response to hypoglycemia. 28115398 8 56 theme key 1512:1514 arg1 responses 1498:1506 counterregulatory hormone responses 1472:1506 counterregulatory hormone responses 1472:1506 Inflammatory responses were less pronounced in IAH, indicating that counterregulatory hormone responses are key modulators of hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory effects. 28115398 8 56 theme key 1512:1514 arg1 modulators 1516:1525 key modulators 1512:1525 key modulators of hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory effects 1512:1573 Inflammatory responses were less pronounced in IAH, indicating that counterregulatory hormone responses are key modulators of hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory effects. 28115398 6 57 theme inflammation 1212:1223 arg1 markers 1183:1189 markers 1183:1189 markers of demargination and inflammation 1183:1223 Of note, hypoglycemia increased the expression of markers of demargination and inflammation in PBMCs. 28115398 2 58 theme immune 663:668 arg1 cells 670:674 immune cells 663:674 immune cells 663:674 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 1 59 theme increased 129:137 arg1 mortality 154:162 increased cardiovascular mortality 129:162 increased cardiovascular mortality 129:162 Severe hypoglycemic events have been associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes, which may be explained by hypoglycemia-induced inflammation. 28115398 5 60 with patients 1114:1121 arg1 IAH 1128:1130 IAH 1128:1130 IAH 1128:1130 Ex vivo, PBMCs and monocytes displayed a more robust cytokine response to microbial stimulation after hypoglycemia compared with euglycemia, although it was less pronounced in patients with IAH. 28115398 2 61 theme peripheral 284:293 arg1 PBMCs 320:324 PBMCs 320:324 PBMCs 320:324 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 61 theme peripheral 284:293 arg1 cells 313:317 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 284:317 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 284:325 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 8 62 theme hormone 1490:1496 arg1 responses 1498:1506 counterregulatory hormone responses 1472:1506 counterregulatory hormone responses 1472:1506 Inflammatory responses were less pronounced in IAH, indicating that counterregulatory hormone responses are key modulators of hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory effects. 28115398 8 62 theme hormone 1490:1496 arg1 modulators 1516:1525 key modulators 1512:1525 key modulators of hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory effects 1512:1573 Inflammatory responses were less pronounced in IAH, indicating that counterregulatory hormone responses are key modulators of hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory effects. 28115398 2 63 dep -hypoglycemic 397:409 arg1 mmol/L 416:421 2.6 mmol/L 412:421 2.6 mmol/L 412:421 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 63 dep -hypoglycemic 397:409 arg1 mmol/L 390:395 5.0 mmol/L 386:395 5.0 mmol/L 386:395 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 2 64 from clamps 424:429 arg1 participants 445:456 11 healthy participants 434:456 11 healthy participants 434:456 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 1 65 theme cardiovascular 139:152 arg1 mortality 154:162 increased cardiovascular mortality 129:162 increased cardiovascular mortality 129:162 Severe hypoglycemic events have been associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes, which may be explained by hypoglycemia-induced inflammation. 28115398 5 66 theme cytokine 991:998 arg1 response 1000:1007 a more robust cytokine response 977:1007 a more robust cytokine response to microbial stimulation after hypoglycemia 977:1051 Ex vivo, PBMCs and monocytes displayed a more robust cytokine response to microbial stimulation after hypoglycemia compared with euglycemia, although it was less pronounced in patients with IAH. 28115398 2 67 theme proinflammatory 692:706 arg1 state 708:712 a more proinflammatory state 685:712 a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia 685:731 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 9 68 theme proinflammatory 1597:1611 arg1 changes 1613:1619 Hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory changes 1576:1619 Hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory changes 1576:1619 Hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory changes may promote a sustained inflammatory state. 28115398 7 69 theme proinflammatory 1352:1366 arg1 changes 1379:1385 proinflammatory functional changes 1352:1385 proinflammatory functional changes in immune cells 1352:1401 We conclude that hypoglycemia promotes mobilization of specific leukocyte subsets from the marginal pool and induces proinflammatory functional changes in immune cells. 28115398 3 70 theme healthy 778:784 arg1 participants 794:805 healthy control participants 778:805 healthy control participants 778:805 Hypoglycemia increased leukocyte numbers in healthy control participants and patients with NAH but not in patients with IAH. 28115398 2 71 theme normal 496:501 arg1 awareness 503:511 normal awareness 496:511 normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH) 496:533 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 8 72 theme effects 1567:1573 arg1 responses 1498:1506 counterregulatory hormone responses 1472:1506 counterregulatory hormone responses 1472:1506 Inflammatory responses were less pronounced in IAH, indicating that counterregulatory hormone responses are key modulators of hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory effects. 28115398 8 72 theme effects 1567:1573 arg1 modulators 1516:1525 key modulators 1512:1525 key modulators of hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory effects 1512:1573 Inflammatory responses were less pronounced in IAH, indicating that counterregulatory hormone responses are key modulators of hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory effects. 28115398 2 73 theme ex 260:261 arg1 stimulations 268:279 ex vivo stimulations 260:279 ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) 260:600 We used ex vivo stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes obtained during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.0 mmol/L)-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamps in 11 healthy participants, 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness (IAH) to test whether the composition and inflammatory function of immune cells adapt to a more proinflammatory state after hypoglycemia. 28115398 8 74 from pronounced 1437:1446 arg1 IAH 1451:1453 IAH 1451:1453 IAH 1451:1453 Inflammatory responses were less pronounced in IAH, indicating that counterregulatory hormone responses are key modulators of hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory effects. 28115398 8 75 from IAH 1451:1453 arg1 pronounced 1437:1446 pronounced 1437:1446 pronounced 1437:1446 Inflammatory responses were less pronounced in IAH, indicating that counterregulatory hormone responses are key modulators of hypoglycemia-induced proinflammatory effects. 28115398 3 76 theme control 786:792 arg1 participants 794:805 healthy control participants 778:805 healthy control participants 778:805 Hypoglycemia increased leukocyte numbers in healthy control participants and patients with NAH but not in patients with IAH. 26822470 0 0 theme seed 75:78 arg1 oil 80:82 seed oil 75:82 seed oil 75:82 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice model. 26822470 2 1 theme Body 533:536 arg1 MEASUREMENTS 520:531 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 520:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 520:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 1 theme Body 533:536 arg1 weight 538:543 Body weight 533:543 Body weight 533:543 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 1 2 theme high-sucrose 468:479 arg1 mice 514:517 high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice 455:517 mice 514:517 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 3 3 theme glucose 773:779 arg1 intolerance 781:791 improved glucose intolerance 764:791 improved glucose intolerance 764:791 RESULTS After two weeks, PSO (2 ml/kg/day) and rosiglitazone (3 mg/kg/day) had not improved glucose intolerance. 26822470 5 4 with Treatment 951:959 arg1 PSO 979:981 PSO 979:981 PSO 979:981 Treatment with PPE, PFE and PSO, reduced the plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and PFE increased the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). 26822470 5 4 with Treatment 951:959 arg1 PFE 971:973 PFE 971:973 PFE 971:973 Treatment with PPE, PFE and PSO, reduced the plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and PFE increased the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). 26822470 5 4 with Treatment 951:959 arg1 PPE 966:968 PPE 966:968 PPE 966:968 Treatment with PPE, PFE and PSO, reduced the plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and PFE increased the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). 26822470 5 5 theme plasma 996:1001 arg1 levels 1003:1008 the plasma levels 992:1008 the plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 992:1108 Treatment with PPE, PFE and PSO, reduced the plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and PFE increased the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). 26822470 6 6 dep CONCLUSION 1197:1206 arg1 PPE 1208:1210 PPE 1208:1210 PPE 1208:1210 CONCLUSION PPE, PFE and PSO have anti-inflammatory properties. 26822470 0 7 from Comparison 0:9 arg1 mice 173:176 high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice 126:176 high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice 126:176 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice model. 26822470 0 7 from Comparison 0:9 arg1 inflammation 110:121 inflammation 110:121 inflammation 110:121 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice model. 26822470 0 7 from Comparison 0:9 arg1 resistance 95:104 insulin resistance 87:104 insulin resistance 87:104 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice model. 26822470 6 8 contain have 1225:1228 arg2 properties 1248:1257 anti-inflammatory properties 1230:1257 anti-inflammatory properties 1230:1257 CONCLUSION PPE, PFE and PSO have anti-inflammatory properties. 26822470 6 8 contain have 1225:1228 arg1 CONCLUSION 1197:1206 CONCLUSION 1197:1206 CONCLUSION 1197:1206 CONCLUSION PPE, PFE and PSO have anti-inflammatory properties. 26822470 6 8 contain have 1225:1228 arg1 PFE 1213:1215 PFE 1213:1215 PFE 1213:1215 CONCLUSION PPE, PFE and PSO have anti-inflammatory properties. 26822470 6 8 contain have 1225:1228 arg1 PSO 1221:1223 PSO 1221:1223 PSO 1221:1223 CONCLUSION PPE, PFE and PSO have anti-inflammatory properties. 26822470 0 9 theme oil 80:82 arg1 effects 35:41 potential preventive effects 14:41 potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation 14:121 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice model. 26822470 3 10 contain had 756:758 arg1 rosiglitazone 728:740 rosiglitazone 728:740 rosiglitazone (3 mg/kg/day) 728:754 RESULTS After two weeks, PSO (2 ml/kg/day) and rosiglitazone (3 mg/kg/day) had not improved glucose intolerance. 26822470 3 10 contain had 756:758 arg1 PSO 706:708 PSO 706:708 PSO (2 ml/kg/day) 706:722 RESULTS After two weeks, PSO (2 ml/kg/day) and rosiglitazone (3 mg/kg/day) had not improved glucose intolerance. 26822470 3 10 contain had 756:758 arg1 2 ml/kg/day 711:721 2 ml/kg/day 711:721 2 ml/kg/day 711:721 RESULTS After two weeks, PSO (2 ml/kg/day) and rosiglitazone (3 mg/kg/day) had not improved glucose intolerance. 26822470 3 10 contain had 756:758 arg1 3 mg/kg/day 743:753 3 mg/kg/day 743:753 3 mg/kg/day 743:753 RESULTS After two weeks, PSO (2 ml/kg/day) and rosiglitazone (3 mg/kg/day) had not improved glucose intolerance. 26822470 3 10 contain had 756:758 arg2 intolerance 781:791 improved glucose intolerance 764:791 improved glucose intolerance 764:791 RESULTS After two weeks, PSO (2 ml/kg/day) and rosiglitazone (3 mg/kg/day) had not improved glucose intolerance. 26822470 2 11 theme energy 556:561 arg1 expenditure 563:573 energy expenditure 556:573 energy expenditure 556:573 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 11 theme energy 556:561 arg1 MEASUREMENTS 520:531 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 520:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 520:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 12 theme insulin 636:642 arg1 MEASUREMENTS 520:531 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 520:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 520:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 12 theme insulin 636:642 arg1 levels 626:631 plasma levels 619:631 plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 619:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 12 theme insulin 636:642 arg1 expenditure 563:573 energy expenditure 556:573 energy expenditure 556:573 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 12 theme insulin 636:642 arg1 weight 538:543 Body weight 533:543 Body weight 533:543 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 12 theme insulin 636:642 arg1 glucose 606:612 blood glucose 600:612 blood glucose 600:612 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 12 theme insulin 636:642 arg1 food 576:579 food 576:579 food 576:579 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 12 theme insulin 636:642 arg1 fat 551:553 body fat 546:553 body fat 546:553 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 12 theme insulin 636:642 arg1 intake 592:597 liquid intake 585:597 liquid intake 585:597 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 1 13 theme flower 257:262 arg1 peel 245:248 pomegranate peel 233:248 pomegranate peel (PPE) 233:254 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 1 13 theme flower 257:262 arg1 PFE 265:267 flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts 257:296 PFE 265:267 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 5 14 theme tumour 1077:1082 arg1 factor-α 1093:1100 tumour necrosis factor-α 1077:1100 tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 1077:1108 Treatment with PPE, PFE and PSO, reduced the plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and PFE increased the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). 26822470 5 14 theme tumour 1077:1082 arg1 TNF-α 1103:1107 TNF-α 1103:1107 TNF-α 1103:1107 Treatment with PPE, PFE and PSO, reduced the plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and PFE increased the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). 26822470 1 15 theme HF/HS 482:486 arg1 mice 514:517 high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice 455:517 mice 514:517 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 0 16 theme insulin 87:93 arg1 resistance 95:104 insulin resistance 87:104 insulin resistance 87:104 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice model. 26822470 2 17 theme body 546:549 arg1 MEASUREMENTS 520:531 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 520:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 520:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 17 theme body 546:549 arg1 fat 551:553 body fat 546:553 body fat 546:553 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 7 18 theme insulin 1278:1284 arg1 sensitivity 1286:1296 insulin sensitivity 1278:1296 insulin sensitivity 1278:1296 PSO also improved insulin sensitivity. 26822470 3 19 theme improved 764:771 arg1 intolerance 781:791 improved glucose intolerance 764:791 improved glucose intolerance 764:791 RESULTS After two weeks, PSO (2 ml/kg/day) and rosiglitazone (3 mg/kg/day) had not improved glucose intolerance. 26822470 0 20 from effects 35:41 arg1 inflammation 110:121 inflammation 110:121 inflammation 110:121 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice model. 26822470 0 20 from effects 35:41 arg1 resistance 95:104 insulin resistance 87:104 insulin resistance 87:104 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice model. 26822470 2 21 theme liquid 585:590 arg1 MEASUREMENTS 520:531 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 520:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 520:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 21 theme liquid 585:590 arg1 intake 592:597 liquid intake 585:597 liquid intake 585:597 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 1 22 theme diet-induced 489:500 arg1 mice 514:517 high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice 455:517 mice 514:517 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 1 23 theme underlying 402:411 arg1 mechanisms 426:435 the underlying inflammatory mechanisms 398:435 the underlying inflammatory mechanisms 398:435 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 1 24 theme obese 502:506 arg1 mice 514:517 high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice 455:517 mice 514:517 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 0 25 theme preventive 24:33 arg1 effects 35:41 potential preventive effects 14:41 potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation 14:121 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice model. 26822470 1 26 theme inflammatory 413:424 arg1 mechanisms 426:435 the underlying inflammatory mechanisms 398:435 the underlying inflammatory mechanisms 398:435 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 5 27 theme anti-inflammatory 1146:1162 arg1 cytokine 1164:1171 the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) 1142:1194 the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) 1142:1194 Treatment with PPE, PFE and PSO, reduced the plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and PFE increased the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). 26822470 0 28 theme potential 14:22 arg1 effects 35:41 potential preventive effects 14:41 potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation 14:121 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice model. 26822470 4 29 theme tolerance 884:892 arg1 test 894:897 an insulin tolerance test 873:897 an insulin tolerance test 873:897 After 4 weeks, both treatments significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and an insulin tolerance test showed that they also improved insulin sensitivity. 26822470 3 30 dep RESULTS 681:687 arg1 weeks 699:703 two weeks 695:703 two weeks 695:703 RESULTS After two weeks, PSO (2 ml/kg/day) and rosiglitazone (3 mg/kg/day) had not improved glucose intolerance. 26822470 1 31 theme DIO 509:511 arg1 mice 514:517 high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice 455:517 mice 514:517 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 4 32 theme blood 855:859 arg1 glucose 861:867 fasting blood glucose 847:867 fasting blood glucose 847:867 After 4 weeks, both treatments significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and an insulin tolerance test showed that they also improved insulin sensitivity. 26822470 4 33 theme insulin 876:882 arg1 test 894:897 an insulin tolerance test 873:897 an insulin tolerance test 873:897 After 4 weeks, both treatments significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and an insulin tolerance test showed that they also improved insulin sensitivity. 26822470 1 34 dep examined 443:450 arg1 OBJECTIVE 185:193 OBJECTIVE 185:193 OBJECTIVE 185:193 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 0 35 theme high-fat 126:133 arg1 mice 173:176 high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice 126:176 high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice 126:176 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice model. 26822470 1 36 theme beneficial 211:220 arg1 effects 222:228 The potentially beneficial effects 195:228 The potentially beneficial effects 195:228 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 2 37 theme cytokines 656:664 arg1 MEASUREMENTS 520:531 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 520:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 520:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 37 theme cytokines 656:664 arg1 levels 626:631 plasma levels 619:631 plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 619:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 37 theme cytokines 656:664 arg1 expenditure 563:573 energy expenditure 556:573 energy expenditure 556:573 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 37 theme cytokines 656:664 arg1 weight 538:543 Body weight 533:543 Body weight 533:543 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 37 theme cytokines 656:664 arg1 glucose 606:612 blood glucose 600:612 blood glucose 600:612 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 37 theme cytokines 656:664 arg1 food 576:579 food 576:579 food 576:579 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 37 theme cytokines 656:664 arg1 fat 551:553 body fat 546:553 body fat 546:553 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 37 theme cytokines 656:664 arg1 intake 592:597 liquid intake 585:597 liquid intake 585:597 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 0 38 dep model 178:182 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice 0:176 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice model. 26822470 0 39 theme effects 35:41 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice 0:176 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice model. 26822470 1 40 theme seed 274:277 arg1 peel 245:248 pomegranate peel 233:248 pomegranate peel (PPE) 233:254 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 1 40 theme seed 274:277 arg1 extracts 289:296 flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts 257:296 extracts 289:296 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 5 41 theme cytokine 1164:1171 arg1 level 1133:1137 the level 1129:1137 the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) 1129:1194 Treatment with PPE, PFE and PSO, reduced the plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and PFE increased the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). 26822470 1 42 theme peel 245:248 arg1 effects 222:228 The potentially beneficial effects 195:228 The potentially beneficial effects 195:228 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 5 43 theme cytokines 1034:1042 arg1 levels 1003:1008 the plasma levels 992:1008 the plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 992:1108 Treatment with PPE, PFE and PSO, reduced the plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and PFE increased the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). 26822470 0 44 theme flower 58:63 arg1 effects 35:41 potential preventive effects 14:41 potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation 14:121 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice model. 26822470 1 45 theme oil 279:281 arg1 peel 245:248 pomegranate peel 233:248 pomegranate peel (PPE) 233:254 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 1 45 theme oil 279:281 arg1 extracts 289:296 flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts 257:296 extracts 289:296 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 0 46 theme high-sucrose 139:150 arg1 mice 173:176 high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice 126:176 high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice 126:176 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice model. 26822470 1 47 theme lipid 347:351 arg1 adiposity 336:344 adiposity 336:344 adiposity 336:344 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 1 47 theme lipid 347:351 arg1 profile 353:359 lipid profile 347:359 lipid profile 347:359 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 1 48 from effects 222:228 arg1 profile 353:359 lipid profile 347:359 lipid profile 347:359 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 1 48 from effects 222:228 arg1 mechanisms 426:435 the underlying inflammatory mechanisms 398:435 the underlying inflammatory mechanisms 398:435 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 1 48 from effects 222:228 arg1 adiposity 336:344 adiposity 336:344 adiposity 336:344 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 1 48 from effects 222:228 arg1 comparison 302:311 comparison 302:311 comparison with rosiglitazone 302:330 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 1 48 from effects 222:228 arg1 homoeostasis 370:381 glucose homoeostasis 362:381 glucose homoeostasis 362:381 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 0 49 theme pomegranate 46:56 arg1 flower 58:63 pomegranate flower 46:63 pomegranate flower 46:63 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice model. 26822470 5 50 theme pro-inflammatory 1017:1032 arg1 factor-α 1093:1100 tumour necrosis factor-α 1077:1100 tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 1077:1108 Treatment with PPE, PFE and PSO, reduced the plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and PFE increased the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). 26822470 5 50 theme pro-inflammatory 1017:1032 arg1 cytokines 1034:1042 the pro-inflammatory cytokines 1013:1042 the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 1013:1108 Treatment with PPE, PFE and PSO, reduced the plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and PFE increased the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). 26822470 5 50 theme pro-inflammatory 1017:1032 arg1 interleukin-6 1052:1064 interleukin-6 1052:1064 interleukin-6 (IL-6) 1052:1071 Treatment with PPE, PFE and PSO, reduced the plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and PFE increased the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). 26822470 0 51 from resistance 95:104 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice 0:176 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice model. 26822470 2 52 theme blood 600:604 arg1 glucose 606:612 blood glucose 600:612 blood glucose 600:612 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 52 theme blood 600:604 arg1 MEASUREMENTS 520:531 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 520:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 520:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 1 53 theme PSO 284:286 arg1 peel 245:248 pomegranate peel 233:248 pomegranate peel (PPE) 233:254 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 1 53 theme PSO 284:286 arg1 extracts 289:296 flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts 257:296 extracts 289:296 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 0 54 theme obesity 165:171 arg1 mice 173:176 high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice 126:176 high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice 126:176 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice model. 26822470 2 55 theme lipids 645:650 arg1 MEASUREMENTS 520:531 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 520:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 520:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 55 theme lipids 645:650 arg1 levels 626:631 plasma levels 619:631 plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 619:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 55 theme lipids 645:650 arg1 expenditure 563:573 energy expenditure 556:573 energy expenditure 556:573 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 55 theme lipids 645:650 arg1 weight 538:543 Body weight 533:543 Body weight 533:543 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 55 theme lipids 645:650 arg1 glucose 606:612 blood glucose 600:612 blood glucose 600:612 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 55 theme lipids 645:650 arg1 food 576:579 food 576:579 food 576:579 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 55 theme lipids 645:650 arg1 fat 551:553 body fat 546:553 body fat 546:553 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 55 theme lipids 645:650 arg1 intake 592:597 liquid intake 585:597 liquid intake 585:597 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 5 56 theme necrosis 1084:1091 arg1 factor-α 1093:1100 tumour necrosis factor-α 1077:1100 tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 1077:1108 Treatment with PPE, PFE and PSO, reduced the plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and PFE increased the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). 26822470 5 56 theme necrosis 1084:1091 arg1 TNF-α 1103:1107 TNF-α 1103:1107 TNF-α 1103:1107 Treatment with PPE, PFE and PSO, reduced the plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and PFE increased the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). 26822470 0 57 theme diet-induced 152:163 arg1 mice 173:176 high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice 126:176 high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice 126:176 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice model. 26822470 1 58 theme glucose 362:368 arg1 adiposity 336:344 adiposity 336:344 adiposity 336:344 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 1 58 theme glucose 362:368 arg1 homoeostasis 370:381 glucose homoeostasis 362:381 glucose homoeostasis 362:381 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 6 59 theme anti-inflammatory 1230:1246 arg1 properties 1248:1257 anti-inflammatory properties 1230:1257 anti-inflammatory properties 1230:1257 CONCLUSION PPE, PFE and PSO have anti-inflammatory properties. 26822470 5 60 dep cytokine 1164:1171 arg1 IL-10 1189:1193 IL-10 1189:1193 IL-10 1189:1193 Treatment with PPE, PFE and PSO, reduced the plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and PFE increased the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). 26822470 5 60 dep cytokine 1164:1171 arg1 interleukin-10 1173:1186 interleukin-10 1173:1186 the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) 1142:1194 Treatment with PPE, PFE and PSO, reduced the plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and PFE increased the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). 26822470 1 61 with comparison 302:311 arg1 rosiglitazone 318:330 rosiglitazone 318:330 rosiglitazone 318:330 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 1 62 theme pomegranate 233:243 arg1 peel 245:248 pomegranate peel 233:248 pomegranate peel (PPE) 233:254 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 1 62 theme pomegranate 233:243 arg1 extracts 289:296 flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts 257:296 extracts 289:296 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 1 62 theme pomegranate 233:243 arg1 PPE 251:253 PPE 251:253 PPE 251:253 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 1 62 theme pomegranate 233:243 arg1 PFE 265:267 flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts 257:296 PFE 265:267 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 0 63 theme peel 66:69 arg1 effects 35:41 potential preventive effects 14:41 potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation 14:121 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice model. 26822470 1 64 theme high-fat 455:462 arg1 mice 514:517 high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice 455:517 mice 514:517 OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of pomegranate peel (PPE), flower (PFE) and seed oil (PSO) extracts, in comparison with rosiglitazone, on adiposity, lipid profile, glucose homoeostasis, as well as on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, were examined in high-fat and high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. 26822470 0 65 from inflammation 110:121 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice 0:176 Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced obesity mice model. 26822470 4 66 theme fasting 847:853 arg1 glucose 861:867 fasting blood glucose 847:867 fasting blood glucose 847:867 After 4 weeks, both treatments significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and an insulin tolerance test showed that they also improved insulin sensitivity. 26822470 2 67 dep MEASUREMENTS 520:531 arg1 MEASUREMENTS 520:531 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 520:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 520:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 67 dep MEASUREMENTS 520:531 arg1 levels 626:631 plasma levels 619:631 plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 619:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 67 dep MEASUREMENTS 520:531 arg1 expenditure 563:573 energy expenditure 556:573 energy expenditure 556:573 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 67 dep MEASUREMENTS 520:531 arg1 weight 538:543 Body weight 533:543 Body weight 533:543 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 67 dep MEASUREMENTS 520:531 arg1 glucose 606:612 blood glucose 600:612 blood glucose 600:612 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 67 dep MEASUREMENTS 520:531 arg1 food 576:579 food 576:579 food 576:579 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 67 dep MEASUREMENTS 520:531 arg1 fat 551:553 body fat 546:553 body fat 546:553 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 2 68 theme plasma 619:624 arg1 levels 626:631 plasma levels 619:631 plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines 619:664 MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body fat, energy expenditure, food and liquid intake, blood glucose, and plasma levels of insulin, lipids and cytokines were measured. 26822470 4 69 theme insulin 930:936 arg1 sensitivity 938:948 insulin sensitivity 930:948 insulin sensitivity 930:948 After 4 weeks, both treatments significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and an insulin tolerance test showed that they also improved insulin sensitivity. 26396979 5 0 theme partial 918:924 arg1 H 926:926 partial H 918:926 partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) 918:973 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 5 1 theme multiple 865:872 arg1 alignment 883:891 The multiple sequence alignment 861:891 The multiple sequence alignment 861:891 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 2 2 from areas 267:271 arg1 CDVs 234:237 CDVs 234:237 CDVs from different geographical areas 234:271 Sequence analysis of CDVs from different geographical areas has shown a lot of variation in the genome of the virus especially in haemagglutinin gene which might be one of the causes of vaccine failure. 26396979 2 2 from areas 267:271 arg1 analysis 222:229 Sequence analysis 213:229 Sequence analysis of CDVs from different geographical areas 213:271 Sequence analysis of CDVs from different geographical areas has shown a lot of variation in the genome of the virus especially in haemagglutinin gene which might be one of the causes of vaccine failure. 26396979 4 3 from lower 779:783 arg1 strains 731:737 the strains 727:737 the strains from Switzerland, Hungary, Germany; and lower with the vaccine strains like Ondersteport, CDV3, Convac for all the genes 727:858 Higher sequence homology was observed with the strains from Switzerland, Hungary, Germany; and lower with the vaccine strains like Ondersteport, CDV3, Convac for all the genes. 26396979 4 4 theme vaccine 794:800 arg1 strains 802:808 the vaccine strains 790:808 the vaccine strains like Ondersteport, CDV3, Convac for all the genes 790:858 Higher sequence homology was observed with the strains from Switzerland, Hungary, Germany; and lower with the vaccine strains like Ondersteport, CDV3, Convac for all the genes. 26396979 6 5 gly glycosylation 1210:1222 arg2 sites 1224:1228 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1181:1228 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites in H, F, M and P proteins 1181:1254 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites in H, F, M and P proteins were similar to the previously known wild-type CDVs but different from the vaccine strains. 26396979 4 6 theme sequence 691:698 arg1 homology 700:707 Higher sequence homology 684:707 Higher sequence homology 684:707 Higher sequence homology was observed with the strains from Switzerland, Hungary, Germany; and lower with the vaccine strains like Ondersteport, CDV3, Convac for all the genes. 26396979 3 7 theme Indian 662:667 arg1 CDV 679:681 an Indian wild-type CDV 659:681 an Indian wild-type CDV 659:681 In this study, we isolated the virus (place: Ludhiana, Punjab; year: 2014) and further cloned, sequenced and analyzed partial haemagglutinin (H) gene and full length genes for fusion protein (F), phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) from an Indian wild-type CDV. 26396979 0 8 from Isolation 0:8 arg1 India 75:79 India 75:79 India 75:79 Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of Canine distemper virus from India. 26396979 2 9 from lot 285:287 arg1 genome 309:314 the genome 305:314 the genome of the virus 305:327 Sequence analysis of CDVs from different geographical areas has shown a lot of variation in the genome of the virus especially in haemagglutinin gene which might be one of the causes of vaccine failure. 26396979 2 10 theme geographical 254:265 arg1 areas 267:271 different geographical areas 244:271 different geographical areas 244:271 Sequence analysis of CDVs from different geographical areas has shown a lot of variation in the genome of the virus especially in haemagglutinin gene which might be one of the causes of vaccine failure. 26396979 6 11 theme glycosylation 1210:1222 arg1 sites 1224:1228 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1181:1228 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites in H, F, M and P proteins 1181:1254 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites in H, F, M and P proteins were similar to the previously known wild-type CDVs but different from the vaccine strains. 26396979 5 12 theme complete 1109:1116 arg1 M 1118:1118 complete M 1109:1118 complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) 1109:1165 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 2 13 theme different 244:252 arg1 areas 267:271 different geographical areas 244:271 different geographical areas 244:271 Sequence analysis of CDVs from different geographical areas has shown a lot of variation in the genome of the virus especially in haemagglutinin gene which might be one of the causes of vaccine failure. 26396979 5 14 theme acid 1085:1088 arg1 substitutions 1090:1102 22 amino acid substitutions 1076:1102 22 amino acid substitutions 1076:1102 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 4 15 from Germany 766:772 arg1 strains 731:737 the strains 727:737 the strains from Switzerland, Hungary, Germany; and lower with the vaccine strains like Ondersteport, CDV3, Convac for all the genes 727:858 Higher sequence homology was observed with the strains from Switzerland, Hungary, Germany; and lower with the vaccine strains like Ondersteport, CDV3, Convac for all the genes. 26396979 7 16 dep wild-type 1456:1464 arg1 known 1450:1454 known 1450:1454 known 1450:1454 The Indian CDV formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree clearly separated from the previously known wild-type and vaccine strains. 26396979 2 17 from variation 292:300 arg1 genome 309:314 the genome 305:314 the genome of the virus 305:327 Sequence analysis of CDVs from different geographical areas has shown a lot of variation in the genome of the virus especially in haemagglutinin gene which might be one of the causes of vaccine failure. 26396979 6 18 theme known 1287:1291 arg1 CDVs 1303:1306 the previously known wild-type CDVs 1272:1306 the previously known wild-type CDVs 1272:1306 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites in H, F, M and P proteins were similar to the previously known wild-type CDVs but different from the vaccine strains. 26396979 2 19 theme haemagglutinin 343:356 arg1 gene 358:361 haemagglutinin gene 343:361 haemagglutinin gene which might be one of the causes of vaccine failure 343:413 Sequence analysis of CDVs from different geographical areas has shown a lot of variation in the genome of the virus especially in haemagglutinin gene which might be one of the causes of vaccine failure. 26396979 2 20 from genome 309:314 arg1 variation 292:300 variation 292:300 variation in the genome of the virus 292:327 Sequence analysis of CDVs from different geographical areas has shown a lot of variation in the genome of the virus especially in haemagglutinin gene which might be one of the causes of vaccine failure. 26396979 2 20 from genome 309:314 arg1 lot 285:287 a lot 283:287 a lot of variation in the genome of the virus 283:327 Sequence analysis of CDVs from different geographical areas has shown a lot of variation in the genome of the virus especially in haemagglutinin gene which might be one of the causes of vaccine failure. 26396979 2 21 theme CDVs 234:237 arg1 analysis 222:229 Sequence analysis 213:229 Sequence analysis of CDVs from different geographical areas 213:271 Sequence analysis of CDVs from different geographical areas has shown a lot of variation in the genome of the virus especially in haemagglutinin gene which might be one of the causes of vaccine failure. 26396979 2 22 theme causes 389:394 arg1 one 378:380 one 378:380 one 378:380 Sequence analysis of CDVs from different geographical areas has shown a lot of variation in the genome of the virus especially in haemagglutinin gene which might be one of the causes of vaccine failure. 26396979 2 22 theme causes 389:394 arg1 causes 389:394 the causes 385:394 the causes of vaccine failure 385:413 Sequence analysis of CDVs from different geographical areas has shown a lot of variation in the genome of the virus especially in haemagglutinin gene which might be one of the causes of vaccine failure. 26396979 3 23 theme fusion 592:597 arg1 F 608:608 F 608:608 F 608:608 In this study, we isolated the virus (place: Ludhiana, Punjab; year: 2014) and further cloned, sequenced and analyzed partial haemagglutinin (H) gene and full length genes for fusion protein (F), phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) from an Indian wild-type CDV. 26396979 3 23 theme fusion 592:597 arg1 protein 599:605 fusion protein 592:605 fusion protein (F) 592:609 In this study, we isolated the virus (place: Ludhiana, Punjab; year: 2014) and further cloned, sequenced and analyzed partial haemagglutinin (H) gene and full length genes for fusion protein (F), phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) from an Indian wild-type CDV. 26396979 4 24 theme Higher 684:689 arg1 homology 700:707 Higher sequence homology 684:707 Higher sequence homology 684:707 Higher sequence homology was observed with the strains from Switzerland, Hungary, Germany; and lower with the vaccine strains like Ondersteport, CDV3, Convac for all the genes. 26396979 5 25 dep M 1118:1118 arg1 substitutions 1152:1164 4 amino acid substitutions 1139:1164 4 amino acid substitutions 1139:1164 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 5 25 dep M 1118:1118 arg1 nucleotide 1124:1133 22 nucleotide 1121:1133 22 nucleotide 1121:1133 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 3 26 theme full 570:573 arg1 genes 582:586 full length genes 570:586 full length genes for fusion protein (F), phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) from an Indian wild-type CDV 570:681 In this study, we isolated the virus (place: Ludhiana, Punjab; year: 2014) and further cloned, sequenced and analyzed partial haemagglutinin (H) gene and full length genes for fusion protein (F), phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) from an Indian wild-type CDV. 26396979 6 27 theme potential 1191:1199 arg1 sites 1224:1228 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1181:1228 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites in H, F, M and P proteins 1181:1254 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites in H, F, M and P proteins were similar to the previously known wild-type CDVs but different from the vaccine strains. 26396979 3 28 from CDV 679:681 arg1 genes 582:586 full length genes 570:586 full length genes for fusion protein (F), phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) from an Indian wild-type CDV 570:681 In this study, we isolated the virus (place: Ludhiana, Punjab; year: 2014) and further cloned, sequenced and analyzed partial haemagglutinin (H) gene and full length genes for fusion protein (F), phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) from an Indian wild-type CDV. 26396979 3 28 from CDV 679:681 arg1 gene 561:564 partial haemagglutinin (H) gene 534:564 partial haemagglutinin (H) gene 534:564 In this study, we isolated the virus (place: Ludhiana, Punjab; year: 2014) and further cloned, sequenced and analyzed partial haemagglutinin (H) gene and full length genes for fusion protein (F), phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) from an Indian wild-type CDV. 26396979 2 29 theme virus 323:327 arg1 genome 309:314 the genome 305:314 the genome of the virus 305:327 Sequence analysis of CDVs from different geographical areas has shown a lot of variation in the genome of the virus especially in haemagglutinin gene which might be one of the causes of vaccine failure. 26396979 6 30 theme Predicted 1181:1189 arg1 sites 1224:1228 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1181:1228 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites in H, F, M and P proteins 1181:1254 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites in H, F, M and P proteins were similar to the previously known wild-type CDVs but different from the vaccine strains. 26396979 7 31 theme phylogenetic 1394:1405 arg1 tree 1407:1410 the phylogenetic tree 1390:1410 the phylogenetic tree clearly separated from the previously known wild-type and vaccine strains 1390:1484 The Indian CDV formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree clearly separated from the previously known wild-type and vaccine strains. 26396979 5 32 dep P 1055:1055 arg1 substitutions 1090:1102 22 amino acid substitutions 1076:1102 22 amino acid substitutions 1076:1102 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 5 32 dep P 1055:1055 arg1 nucleotide 1061:1070 44 nucleotide 1058:1070 44 nucleotide 1058:1070 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 5 32 dep P 1055:1055 arg1 gene/protein 1167:1178 gene/protein 1167:1178 gene/protein 1167:1178 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 4 33 with strains 731:737 arg1 strains 802:808 the vaccine strains 790:808 the vaccine strains like Ondersteport, CDV3, Convac for all the genes 790:858 Higher sequence homology was observed with the strains from Switzerland, Hungary, Germany; and lower with the vaccine strains like Ondersteport, CDV3, Convac for all the genes. 26396979 1 34 theme contagious 156:165 arg1 disease 167:173 a highly contagious disease 147:173 a highly contagious disease that infects a variety of carnivores 147:210 Canine distemper (CD), caused by canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious disease that infects a variety of carnivores. 26396979 1 34 theme contagious 156:165 arg1 distemper 89:97 Canine distemper 82:97 Canine distemper (CD) 82:102 Canine distemper (CD), caused by canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious disease that infects a variety of carnivores. 26396979 0 35 theme phylogenetic 14:25 arg1 characterization 27:42 phylogenetic characterization 14:42 phylogenetic characterization 14:42 Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of Canine distemper virus from India. 26396979 5 36 dep H 926:926 arg1 substitutions 960:972 5 amino acid substitutions 947:972 5 amino acid substitutions 947:972 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 5 36 dep H 926:926 arg1 nucleotide 932:941 45 nucleotide 929:941 45 nucleotide 929:941 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 6 37 dep H 1233:1233 arg1 proteins 1247:1254 proteins 1247:1254 proteins 1247:1254 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites in H, F, M and P proteins were similar to the previously known wild-type CDVs but different from the vaccine strains. 26396979 3 38 theme partial 534:540 arg1 gene 561:564 partial haemagglutinin (H) gene 534:564 partial haemagglutinin (H) gene 534:564 In this study, we isolated the virus (place: Ludhiana, Punjab; year: 2014) and further cloned, sequenced and analyzed partial haemagglutinin (H) gene and full length genes for fusion protein (F), phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) from an Indian wild-type CDV. 26396979 5 39 theme amino 1079:1083 arg1 substitutions 1090:1102 22 amino acid substitutions 1076:1102 22 amino acid substitutions 1076:1102 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 6 40 from strains 1339:1345 arg1 different 1312:1320 different 1312:1320 different 1312:1320 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites in H, F, M and P proteins were similar to the previously known wild-type CDVs but different from the vaccine strains. 26396979 0 41 theme Canine 47:52 arg1 virus 64:68 Canine distemper virus 47:68 Canine distemper virus from India 47:79 Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of Canine distemper virus from India. 26396979 3 42 dep place 454:458 arg1 Punjab 471:476 Punjab 471:476 Punjab 471:476 In this study, we isolated the virus (place: Ludhiana, Punjab; year: 2014) and further cloned, sequenced and analyzed partial haemagglutinin (H) gene and full length genes for fusion protein (F), phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) from an Indian wild-type CDV. 26396979 3 42 dep place 454:458 arg1 2014 485:488 2014 485:488 2014 485:488 In this study, we isolated the virus (place: Ludhiana, Punjab; year: 2014) and further cloned, sequenced and analyzed partial haemagglutinin (H) gene and full length genes for fusion protein (F), phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) from an Indian wild-type CDV. 26396979 3 42 dep place 454:458 arg1 year 479:482 year 479:482 place: Ludhiana, Punjab; year: 2014 454:488 In this study, we isolated the virus (place: Ludhiana, Punjab; year: 2014) and further cloned, sequenced and analyzed partial haemagglutinin (H) gene and full length genes for fusion protein (F), phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) from an Indian wild-type CDV. 26396979 3 43 theme haemagglutinin 542:555 arg1 gene 561:564 partial haemagglutinin (H) gene 534:564 partial haemagglutinin (H) gene 534:564 In this study, we isolated the virus (place: Ludhiana, Punjab; year: 2014) and further cloned, sequenced and analyzed partial haemagglutinin (H) gene and full length genes for fusion protein (F), phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) from an Indian wild-type CDV. 26396979 2 44 from analysis 222:229 arg1 areas 267:271 different geographical areas 244:271 different geographical areas 244:271 Sequence analysis of CDVs from different geographical areas has shown a lot of variation in the genome of the virus especially in haemagglutinin gene which might be one of the causes of vaccine failure. 26396979 2 45 theme failure 407:413 arg1 causes 389:394 the causes 385:394 the causes of vaccine failure 385:413 Sequence analysis of CDVs from different geographical areas has shown a lot of variation in the genome of the virus especially in haemagglutinin gene which might be one of the causes of vaccine failure. 26396979 0 46 from India 75:79 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of Canine distemper virus from India. 26396979 0 46 from India 75:79 arg1 characterization 27:42 phylogenetic characterization 14:42 phylogenetic characterization 14:42 Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of Canine distemper virus from India. 26396979 0 46 from India 75:79 arg1 virus 64:68 Canine distemper virus 47:68 Canine distemper virus from India 47:79 Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of Canine distemper virus from India. 26396979 5 47 theme amino 1012:1016 arg1 substitutions 1023:1035 30 amino acid substitutions 1009:1035 30 amino acid substitutions 1009:1035 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 5 48 theme sequence 874:881 arg1 alignment 883:891 The multiple sequence alignment 861:891 The multiple sequence alignment 861:891 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 5 49 theme complete 979:986 arg1 F 988:988 complete F 979:988 complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) 979:1036 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 2 50 theme vaccine 399:405 arg1 failure 407:413 vaccine failure 399:413 vaccine failure 399:413 Sequence analysis of CDVs from different geographical areas has shown a lot of variation in the genome of the virus especially in haemagglutinin gene which might be one of the causes of vaccine failure. 26396979 7 51 theme Indian 1352:1357 arg1 CDV 1359:1361 The Indian CDV 1348:1361 The Indian CDV 1348:1361 The Indian CDV formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree clearly separated from the previously known wild-type and vaccine strains. 26396979 7 52 theme distinct 1372:1379 arg1 clade 1381:1385 a distinct clade 1370:1385 a distinct clade 1370:1385 The Indian CDV formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree clearly separated from the previously known wild-type and vaccine strains. 26396979 0 53 theme distemper 54:62 arg1 virus 64:68 Canine distemper virus 47:68 Canine distemper virus from India 47:79 Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of Canine distemper virus from India. 26396979 5 54 theme amino 949:953 arg1 substitutions 960:972 5 amino acid substitutions 947:972 5 amino acid substitutions 947:972 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 3 55 theme length 575:580 arg1 genes 582:586 full length genes 570:586 full length genes for fusion protein (F), phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) from an Indian wild-type CDV 570:681 In this study, we isolated the virus (place: Ludhiana, Punjab; year: 2014) and further cloned, sequenced and analyzed partial haemagglutinin (H) gene and full length genes for fusion protein (F), phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) from an Indian wild-type CDV. 26396979 3 56 dep isolated 434:441 arg1 place 454:458 place 454:458 place: Ludhiana, Punjab; year: 2014 454:488 In this study, we isolated the virus (place: Ludhiana, Punjab; year: 2014) and further cloned, sequenced and analyzed partial haemagglutinin (H) gene and full length genes for fusion protein (F), phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) from an Indian wild-type CDV. 26396979 6 57 link N-linked 1201:1208 arg1 sites 1224:1228 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1181:1228 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites in H, F, M and P proteins 1181:1254 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites in H, F, M and P proteins were similar to the previously known wild-type CDVs but different from the vaccine strains. 26396979 2 58 theme variation 292:300 arg1 variation 292:300 variation 292:300 variation in the genome of the virus 292:327 Sequence analysis of CDVs from different geographical areas has shown a lot of variation in the genome of the virus especially in haemagglutinin gene which might be one of the causes of vaccine failure. 26396979 2 58 theme variation 292:300 arg1 lot 285:287 a lot 283:287 a lot of variation in the genome of the virus 283:327 Sequence analysis of CDVs from different geographical areas has shown a lot of variation in the genome of the virus especially in haemagglutinin gene which might be one of the causes of vaccine failure. 26396979 5 59 theme complete 1046:1053 arg1 P 1055:1055 complete P 1046:1055 complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) 1046:1103 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 5 60 theme acid 955:958 arg1 substitutions 960:972 5 amino acid substitutions 947:972 5 amino acid substitutions 947:972 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 5 61 theme acid 1147:1150 arg1 substitutions 1152:1164 4 amino acid substitutions 1139:1164 4 amino acid substitutions 1139:1164 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 6 62 from sites 1224:1228 arg1 F 1236:1236 F 1236:1236 F 1236:1236 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites in H, F, M and P proteins were similar to the previously known wild-type CDVs but different from the vaccine strains. 26396979 6 62 from sites 1224:1228 arg1 H 1233:1233 H 1233:1233 H 1233:1233 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites in H, F, M and P proteins were similar to the previously known wild-type CDVs but different from the vaccine strains. 26396979 6 62 from sites 1224:1228 arg1 P 1245:1245 P 1245:1245 P 1245:1245 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites in H, F, M and P proteins were similar to the previously known wild-type CDVs but different from the vaccine strains. 26396979 6 62 from sites 1224:1228 arg1 M 1239:1239 M 1239:1239 M 1239:1239 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites in H, F, M and P proteins were similar to the previously known wild-type CDVs but different from the vaccine strains. 26396979 5 63 theme amino 1141:1145 arg1 substitutions 1152:1164 4 amino acid substitutions 1139:1164 4 amino acid substitutions 1139:1164 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 1 64 theme Canine 82:87 arg1 disease 167:173 a highly contagious disease 147:173 a highly contagious disease that infects a variety of carnivores 147:210 Canine distemper (CD), caused by canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious disease that infects a variety of carnivores. 26396979 1 64 theme Canine 82:87 arg1 CD 100:101 CD 100:101 CD 100:101 Canine distemper (CD), caused by canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious disease that infects a variety of carnivores. 26396979 1 64 theme Canine 82:87 arg1 distemper 89:97 Canine distemper 82:97 Canine distemper (CD) 82:102 Canine distemper (CD), caused by canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious disease that infects a variety of carnivores. 26396979 5 65 dep F 988:988 arg1 substitutions 1023:1035 30 amino acid substitutions 1009:1035 30 amino acid substitutions 1009:1035 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 5 65 dep F 988:988 arg1 nucleotide 994:1003 79 nucleotide 991:1003 79 nucleotide 991:1003 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 6 66 theme vaccine 1331:1337 arg1 strains 1339:1345 the vaccine strains 1327:1345 the vaccine strains 1327:1345 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites in H, F, M and P proteins were similar to the previously known wild-type CDVs but different from the vaccine strains. 26396979 4 67 from Hungary 757:763 arg1 strains 731:737 the strains 727:737 the strains from Switzerland, Hungary, Germany; and lower with the vaccine strains like Ondersteport, CDV3, Convac for all the genes 727:858 Higher sequence homology was observed with the strains from Switzerland, Hungary, Germany; and lower with the vaccine strains like Ondersteport, CDV3, Convac for all the genes. 26396979 1 68 theme canine 115:120 arg1 virus 132:136 canine distemper virus 115:136 canine distemper virus (CDV) 115:142 Canine distemper (CD), caused by canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious disease that infects a variety of carnivores. 26396979 1 68 theme canine 115:120 arg1 CDV 139:141 CDV 139:141 CDV 139:141 Canine distemper (CD), caused by canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious disease that infects a variety of carnivores. 26396979 3 69 theme wild-type 669:677 arg1 CDV 679:681 an Indian wild-type CDV 659:681 an Indian wild-type CDV 659:681 In this study, we isolated the virus (place: Ludhiana, Punjab; year: 2014) and further cloned, sequenced and analyzed partial haemagglutinin (H) gene and full length genes for fusion protein (F), phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) from an Indian wild-type CDV. 26396979 3 70 theme H 558:558 arg1 gene 561:564 partial haemagglutinin (H) gene 534:564 partial haemagglutinin (H) gene 534:564 In this study, we isolated the virus (place: Ludhiana, Punjab; year: 2014) and further cloned, sequenced and analyzed partial haemagglutinin (H) gene and full length genes for fusion protein (F), phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) from an Indian wild-type CDV. 26396979 2 71 theme Sequence 213:220 arg1 analysis 222:229 Sequence analysis 213:229 Sequence analysis of CDVs from different geographical areas 213:271 Sequence analysis of CDVs from different geographical areas has shown a lot of variation in the genome of the virus especially in haemagglutinin gene which might be one of the causes of vaccine failure. 26396979 1 72 theme distemper 122:130 arg1 virus 132:136 canine distemper virus 115:136 canine distemper virus (CDV) 115:142 Canine distemper (CD), caused by canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious disease that infects a variety of carnivores. 26396979 1 72 theme distemper 122:130 arg1 CDV 139:141 CDV 139:141 CDV 139:141 Canine distemper (CD), caused by canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious disease that infects a variety of carnivores. 26396979 7 73 theme vaccine 1470:1476 arg1 strains 1478:1484 the previously known wild-type and vaccine strains 1435:1484 strains 1478:1484 The Indian CDV formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree clearly separated from the previously known wild-type and vaccine strains. 26396979 3 74 theme matrix 635:640 arg1 M 651:651 M 651:651 M 651:651 In this study, we isolated the virus (place: Ludhiana, Punjab; year: 2014) and further cloned, sequenced and analyzed partial haemagglutinin (H) gene and full length genes for fusion protein (F), phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) from an Indian wild-type CDV. 26396979 3 74 theme matrix 635:640 arg1 protein 642:648 matrix protein 635:648 matrix protein (M) 635:652 In this study, we isolated the virus (place: Ludhiana, Punjab; year: 2014) and further cloned, sequenced and analyzed partial haemagglutinin (H) gene and full length genes for fusion protein (F), phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) from an Indian wild-type CDV. 26396979 0 75 theme virus 64:68 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of Canine distemper virus from India. 26396979 0 75 theme virus 64:68 arg1 characterization 27:42 phylogenetic characterization 14:42 phylogenetic characterization 14:42 Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of Canine distemper virus from India. 26396979 0 76 from characterization 27:42 arg1 India 75:79 India 75:79 India 75:79 Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of Canine distemper virus from India. 26396979 5 77 theme acid 1018:1021 arg1 substitutions 1023:1035 30 amino acid substitutions 1009:1035 30 amino acid substitutions 1009:1035 The multiple sequence alignment showed more variation in partial H (45 nucleotide and 5 amino acid substitutions) and complete F (79 nucleotide and 30 amino acid substitutions) than in complete P (44 nucleotide and 22 amino acid substitutions) and complete M (22 nucleotide and 4 amino acid substitutions) gene/protein. 26396979 6 78 theme wild-type 1293:1301 arg1 CDVs 1303:1306 the previously known wild-type CDVs 1272:1306 the previously known wild-type CDVs 1272:1306 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites in H, F, M and P proteins were similar to the previously known wild-type CDVs but different from the vaccine strains. 26396979 6 79 theme N-linked 1201:1208 arg1 sites 1224:1228 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1181:1228 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites in H, F, M and P proteins 1181:1254 Predicted potential N-linked glycosylation sites in H, F, M and P proteins were similar to the previously known wild-type CDVs but different from the vaccine strains. 26396979 1 80 theme carnivores 201:210 arg1 carnivores 201:210 carnivores 201:210 carnivores 201:210 Canine distemper (CD), caused by canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious disease that infects a variety of carnivores. 26396979 1 80 theme carnivores 201:210 arg1 variety 190:196 a variety 188:196 a variety of carnivores 188:210 Canine distemper (CD), caused by canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious disease that infects a variety of carnivores. 27555309 2 0 theme target 588:593 arg1 molecules 595:603 the target molecules 584:603 the target molecules of BSAP-sensitive cells 584:627 We identified the target molecules of BSAP-sensitive cells and showed that each BSAP targets a different class of surface molecule: BSAP-1 targets an outer membrane protein of sensitive B. fragilis strains, and BSAP-2 targets the O-antigen glycan of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of sensitive B. uniformis strains. 27555309 5 1 theme BSAP 1253:1256 arg1 targets 1266:1272 the BSAP surface targets 1249:1272 the BSAP surface targets 1249:1272 Using a gnotobiotic mouse competitive-colonization model, we found that the BSAP surface targets are important for colonization of the mammalian gut, thereby explaining why they are maintained in sensitive strains and why they were replaced rather than deleted in BSAP-producing strains. 27555309 5 1 theme BSAP 1253:1256 arg1 important 1278:1286 important 1278:1286 important 1278:1286 Using a gnotobiotic mouse competitive-colonization model, we found that the BSAP surface targets are important for colonization of the mammalian gut, thereby explaining why they are maintained in sensitive strains and why they were replaced rather than deleted in BSAP-producing strains. 27555309 3 2 theme nontargeted 1042:1052 arg1 molecule 1062:1069 an orthologous nontargeted surface molecule 1027:1069 an orthologous nontargeted surface molecule 1027:1069 Species-wide genomic and phenotypic analyses of B. fragilis and B. uniformis showed that BSAP-producing strains circumvent killing by synthesizing an orthologous nontargeted surface molecule. 27555309 14 3 theme ecological 2937:2946 arg1 BSAPs 2920:2924 BSAPs 2920:2924 BSAPs 2920:2924 These data suggest that BSAPs are strong ecological drivers shaping the strain-level composition of gut communities. 27555309 14 3 theme ecological 2937:2946 arg1 drivers 2948:2954 strong ecological drivers 2930:2954 strong ecological drivers shaping the strain-level composition of gut communities 2930:3010 These data suggest that BSAPs are strong ecological drivers shaping the strain-level composition of gut communities. 27555309 2 4 theme sensitive 746:754 arg1 strains 768:774 sensitive B. fragilis strains 746:774 sensitive B. fragilis strains 746:774 We identified the target molecules of BSAP-sensitive cells and showed that each BSAP targets a different class of surface molecule: BSAP-1 targets an outer membrane protein of sensitive B. fragilis strains, and BSAP-2 targets the O-antigen glycan of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of sensitive B. uniformis strains. 27555309 6 5 theme BSAP-producing 1480:1493 arg1 strains 1523:1529 isogenic BSAP-producing, -sensitive, and -resistant strains 1471:1529 isogenic BSAP-producing, -sensitive, and -resistant strains 1471:1529 Using isogenic BSAP-producing, -sensitive, and -resistant strains, we show that a BSAP-producing strain outcompetes a sensitive strain but not a resistant strain in the mammalian gut. 27555309 2 6 theme cells 623:627 arg1 molecules 595:603 the target molecules 584:603 the target molecules of BSAP-sensitive cells 584:627 We identified the target molecules of BSAP-sensitive cells and showed that each BSAP targets a different class of surface molecule: BSAP-1 targets an outer membrane protein of sensitive B. fragilis strains, and BSAP-2 targets the O-antigen glycan of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of sensitive B. uniformis strains. 27555309 1 7 theme such 282:285 arg1 BSAP 287:290 the first such BSAP 272:290 the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity 272:567 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 12 8 theme BSAP-1-producing 2679:2694 arg1 strain 2696:2701 a BSAP-1-producing strain 2677:2701 a BSAP-1-producing strain 2677:2701 In an experimental animal model of gut colonization, a BSAP-1-producing strain antagonized and outcompeted an isogenic sensitive strain. 27555309 1 9 theme antimicrobial 210:222 arg1 BSAPs 234:238 BSAPs 234:238 BSAPs 234:238 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 1 9 theme antimicrobial 210:222 arg1 proteins 224:231 antimicrobial proteins 210:231 antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs) 210:239 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 10 10 theme antimicrobial 2404:2416 arg1 BSAPs 2428:2432 BSAPs 2428:2432 BSAPs 2428:2432 Here, we show that gut Bacteroidales secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs) that antagonize strains of the same species. 27555309 10 10 theme antimicrobial 2404:2416 arg1 proteins 2418:2425 antimicrobial proteins 2404:2425 antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs) that antagonize strains of the same species 2404:2477 Here, we show that gut Bacteroidales secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs) that antagonize strains of the same species. 27555309 12 11 theme isogenic 2734:2741 arg1 strain 2753:2758 an isogenic sensitive strain 2731:2758 an isogenic sensitive strain 2731:2758 In an experimental animal model of gut colonization, a BSAP-1-producing strain antagonized and outcompeted an isogenic sensitive strain. 27555309 4 12 theme target 1130:1135 arg1 replacements 1137:1148 their target replacements 1124:1148 their target replacements 1124:1148 The BSAP genes are adjacent to the gene(s) encoding their target replacements, suggesting coacquisition. 27555309 14 13 theme gut 2996:2998 arg1 communities 3000:3010 gut communities 2996:3010 gut communities 2996:3010 These data suggest that BSAPs are strong ecological drivers shaping the strain-level composition of gut communities. 27555309 13 14 located found 2855:2859 arg2 strains 2839:2845 BSAP-1-producing and -sensitive strains 2807:2845 BSAP-1-producing and -sensitive strains 2807:2845 Furthermore, metagenomic analyses showed that BSAP-1-producing and -sensitive strains are not found together in human gut microbiotas. 27555309 13 14 located found 2855:2859 arg1 microbiotas 2883:2893 human gut microbiotas 2873:2893 human gut microbiotas 2873:2893 Furthermore, metagenomic analyses showed that BSAP-1-producing and -sensitive strains are not found together in human gut microbiotas. 27555309 6 15 theme mammalian 1634:1642 arg1 gut 1644:1646 the mammalian gut 1630:1646 the mammalian gut 1630:1646 Using isogenic BSAP-producing, -sensitive, and -resistant strains, we show that a BSAP-producing strain outcompetes a sensitive strain but not a resistant strain in the mammalian gut. 27555309 7 16 theme gut 1655:1657 arg1 datasets 1671:1678 Human gut metagenomic datasets 1649:1678 Human gut metagenomic datasets 1649:1678 Human gut metagenomic datasets reveal that BSAP-1-sensitive strains do not cooccur with BSAP-1-producing strains in human gut microbiotas, further supporting the idea that BSAPs are important competitive factors with relevance to the strain-level composition of the human gut microbiota. 27555309 14 17 theme strain-level 2968:2979 arg1 composition 2981:2991 the strain-level composition 2964:2991 the strain-level composition of gut communities 2964:3010 These data suggest that BSAPs are strong ecological drivers shaping the strain-level composition of gut communities. 27555309 6 18 from strain 1620:1625 arg1 gut 1644:1646 the mammalian gut 1630:1646 the mammalian gut 1630:1646 Using isogenic BSAP-producing, -sensitive, and -resistant strains, we show that a BSAP-producing strain outcompetes a sensitive strain but not a resistant strain in the mammalian gut. 27555309 12 19 theme animal 2643:2648 arg1 model 2650:2654 an experimental animal model 2627:2654 an experimental animal model of gut colonization 2627:2674 In an experimental animal model of gut colonization, a BSAP-1-producing strain antagonized and outcompeted an isogenic sensitive strain. 27555309 2 20 theme surface 684:690 arg1 molecule 692:699 surface molecule 684:699 surface molecule 684:699 We identified the target molecules of BSAP-sensitive cells and showed that each BSAP targets a different class of surface molecule: BSAP-1 targets an outer membrane protein of sensitive B. fragilis strains, and BSAP-2 targets the O-antigen glycan of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of sensitive B. uniformis strains. 27555309 5 21 theme gut 1322:1324 arg1 colonization 1292:1303 colonization 1292:1303 colonization of the mammalian gut 1292:1324 Using a gnotobiotic mouse competitive-colonization model, we found that the BSAP surface targets are important for colonization of the mammalian gut, thereby explaining why they are maintained in sensitive strains and why they were replaced rather than deleted in BSAP-producing strains. 27555309 8 22 theme intestinal 2005:2014 arg1 microbiota 2016:2025 the human intestinal microbiota 1995:2025 the human intestinal microbiota 1995:2025 IMPORTANCE We know relatively little about the ecology of the human intestinal microbiota and the combination of factors that dictate which strains and species occupy an individual's gut microbial community. 27555309 1 23 theme human 415:419 arg1 species 425:431 the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species 387:431 the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species 387:431 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 6 24 theme resistant 1610:1618 arg1 strain 1620:1625 a resistant strain 1608:1625 a sensitive strain but not a resistant strain in the mammalian gut 1581:1646 Using isogenic BSAP-producing, -sensitive, and -resistant strains, we show that a BSAP-producing strain outcompetes a sensitive strain but not a resistant strain in the mammalian gut. 27555309 13 25 theme -sensitive 2828:2837 arg1 strains 2839:2845 BSAP-1-producing and -sensitive strains 2807:2845 BSAP-1-producing and -sensitive strains 2807:2845 Furthermore, metagenomic analyses showed that BSAP-1-producing and -sensitive strains are not found together in human gut microbiotas. 27555309 2 26 theme outer 720:724 arg1 protein 735:741 an outer membrane protein 717:741 an outer membrane protein of sensitive B. fragilis strains 717:774 We identified the target molecules of BSAP-sensitive cells and showed that each BSAP targets a different class of surface molecule: BSAP-1 targets an outer membrane protein of sensitive B. fragilis strains, and BSAP-2 targets the O-antigen glycan of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of sensitive B. uniformis strains. 27555309 7 27 theme gut 1771:1773 arg1 microbiotas 1775:1785 human gut microbiotas 1765:1785 human gut microbiotas 1765:1785 Human gut metagenomic datasets reveal that BSAP-1-sensitive strains do not cooccur with BSAP-1-producing strains in human gut microbiotas, further supporting the idea that BSAPs are important competitive factors with relevance to the strain-level composition of the human gut microbiota. 27555309 9 28 theme strain-level 2311:2322 arg1 dynamics 2324:2331 strain-level dynamics 2311:2331 strain-level dynamics 2311:2331 Interference competition, mediated by bacterial factors that directly harm other members, is beginning to be appreciated as important in contributing to species- and strain-level dynamics of abundant gut bacteria. 27555309 1 29 theme gut 176:178 arg1 species 194:200 human gut Bacteroidales species 170:200 human gut Bacteroidales species 170:200 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 8 30 dep IMPORTANCE 1937:1946 arg1 We 1948:1949 We 1948:1949 We 1948:1949 IMPORTANCE We know relatively little about the ecology of the human intestinal microbiota and the combination of factors that dictate which strains and species occupy an individual's gut microbial community. 27555309 11 31 theme sensitive 2519:2527 arg1 cells 2529:2533 sensitive cells 2519:2533 sensitive cells 2519:2533 We show that BSAPs target molecules of sensitive cells that are important for gut colonization and therefore are maintained in sensitive cells. 27555309 3 32 theme orthologous 1030:1040 arg1 molecule 1062:1069 an orthologous nontargeted surface molecule 1027:1069 an orthologous nontargeted surface molecule 1027:1069 Species-wide genomic and phenotypic analyses of B. fragilis and B. uniformis showed that BSAP-producing strains circumvent killing by synthesizing an orthologous nontargeted surface molecule. 27555309 14 33 dep drivers 2948:2954 arg1 shaping 2956:2962 shaping 2956:2962 shaping 2956:2962 These data suggest that BSAPs are strong ecological drivers shaping the strain-level composition of gut communities. 27555309 8 34 theme factors 2050:2056 arg1 ecology 1984:1990 the ecology 1980:1990 the ecology of the human intestinal microbiota 1980:2025 IMPORTANCE We know relatively little about the ecology of the human intestinal microbiota and the combination of factors that dictate which strains and species occupy an individual's gut microbial community. 27555309 8 34 theme factors 2050:2056 arg1 combination 2035:2045 the combination 2031:2045 the combination of factors that dictate which strains and species occupy an individual's gut microbial community 2031:2142 IMPORTANCE We know relatively little about the ecology of the human intestinal microbiota and the combination of factors that dictate which strains and species occupy an individual's gut microbial community. 27555309 3 35 theme B. fragilis 928:938 arg1 analyses 916:923 Species-wide genomic and phenotypic analyses 880:923 Species-wide genomic and phenotypic analyses of B. fragilis and B. uniformis 880:955 Species-wide genomic and phenotypic analyses of B. fragilis and B. uniformis showed that BSAP-producing strains circumvent killing by synthesizing an orthologous nontargeted surface molecule. 27555309 7 36 theme BSAP-1-producing 1737:1752 arg1 strains 1754:1760 BSAP-1-producing strains 1737:1760 BSAP-1-producing strains 1737:1760 Human gut metagenomic datasets reveal that BSAP-1-sensitive strains do not cooccur with BSAP-1-producing strains in human gut microbiotas, further supporting the idea that BSAPs are important competitive factors with relevance to the strain-level composition of the human gut microbiota. 27555309 10 37 theme same 2466:2469 arg1 species 2471:2477 the same species 2462:2477 the same species 2462:2477 Here, we show that gut Bacteroidales secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs) that antagonize strains of the same species. 27555309 12 38 theme colonization 2663:2674 arg1 model 2650:2654 an experimental animal model 2627:2654 an experimental animal model of gut colonization 2627:2674 In an experimental animal model of gut colonization, a BSAP-1-producing strain antagonized and outcompeted an isogenic sensitive strain. 27555309 9 39 theme gut 2345:2347 arg1 bacteria 2349:2356 abundant gut bacteria 2336:2356 abundant gut bacteria 2336:2356 Interference competition, mediated by bacterial factors that directly harm other members, is beginning to be appreciated as important in contributing to species- and strain-level dynamics of abundant gut bacteria. 27555309 1 40 theme first 276:280 arg1 BSAP 287:290 the first such BSAP 272:290 the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity 272:567 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 1 41 theme potent 363:368 arg1 BSAP 370:373 a second potent BSAP 354:373 a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species 354:431 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 8 42 theme microbial 2124:2132 arg1 community 2134:2142 an individual's gut microbial community 2104:2142 an individual's gut microbial community 2104:2142 IMPORTANCE We know relatively little about the ecology of the human intestinal microbiota and the combination of factors that dictate which strains and species occupy an individual's gut microbial community. 27555309 11 43 theme gut 2558:2560 arg1 colonization 2562:2573 gut colonization 2558:2573 gut colonization 2558:2573 We show that BSAPs target molecules of sensitive cells that are important for gut colonization and therefore are maintained in sensitive cells. 27555309 1 44 theme sequence 549:556 arg1 similarity 558:567 very little sequence similarity 537:567 very little sequence similarity 537:567 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 0 45 theme Bacteroidales 0:12 arg1 Proteins 37:44 Bacteroidales Secreted Antimicrobial Proteins 0:44 Bacteroidales Secreted Antimicrobial Proteins 0:44 Bacteroidales Secreted Antimicrobial Proteins Target Surface Molecules Necessary for Gut Colonization and Mediate Competition In Vivo. 27555309 5 46 theme competitive-colonization 1203:1226 arg1 model 1228:1232 a gnotobiotic mouse competitive-colonization model 1183:1232 a gnotobiotic mouse competitive-colonization model 1183:1232 Using a gnotobiotic mouse competitive-colonization model, we found that the BSAP surface targets are important for colonization of the mammalian gut, thereby explaining why they are maintained in sensitive strains and why they were replaced rather than deleted in BSAP-producing strains. 27555309 13 47 theme human 2873:2877 arg1 microbiotas 2883:2893 human gut microbiotas 2873:2893 human gut microbiotas 2873:2893 Furthermore, metagenomic analyses showed that BSAP-1-producing and -sensitive strains are not found together in human gut microbiotas. 27555309 3 48 theme B. uniformis 944:955 arg1 analyses 916:923 Species-wide genomic and phenotypic analyses 880:923 Species-wide genomic and phenotypic analyses of B. fragilis and B. uniformis 880:955 Species-wide genomic and phenotypic analyses of B. fragilis and B. uniformis showed that BSAP-producing strains circumvent killing by synthesizing an orthologous nontargeted surface molecule. 27555309 1 49 dep identified 343:352 arg1 share 531:535 share 531:535 share very little sequence similarity 531:567 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 1 49 dep identified 343:352 arg1 contain 469:475 contain 469:475 contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain 469:525 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 7 50 theme competitive 1841:1851 arg1 BSAPs 1821:1825 BSAPs 1821:1825 BSAPs 1821:1825 Human gut metagenomic datasets reveal that BSAP-1-sensitive strains do not cooccur with BSAP-1-producing strains in human gut microbiotas, further supporting the idea that BSAPs are important competitive factors with relevance to the strain-level composition of the human gut microbiota. 27555309 7 50 theme competitive 1841:1851 arg1 factors 1853:1859 important competitive factors 1831:1859 important competitive factors 1831:1859 Human gut metagenomic datasets reveal that BSAP-1-sensitive strains do not cooccur with BSAP-1-producing strains in human gut microbiotas, further supporting the idea that BSAPs are important competitive factors with relevance to the strain-level composition of the human gut microbiota. 27555309 1 51 dep showed 158:163 arg1 UNLABELLED 135:144 UNLABELLED 135:144 UNLABELLED 135:144 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 0 52 theme Antimicrobial 23:35 arg1 Proteins 37:44 Bacteroidales Secreted Antimicrobial Proteins 0:44 Bacteroidales Secreted Antimicrobial Proteins 0:44 Bacteroidales Secreted Antimicrobial Proteins Target Surface Molecules Necessary for Gut Colonization and Mediate Competition In Vivo. 27555309 7 53 theme BSAP-1-sensitive 1692:1707 arg1 strains 1709:1715 BSAP-1-sensitive strains 1692:1715 BSAP-1-sensitive strains 1692:1715 Human gut metagenomic datasets reveal that BSAP-1-sensitive strains do not cooccur with BSAP-1-producing strains in human gut microbiotas, further supporting the idea that BSAPs are important competitive factors with relevance to the strain-level composition of the human gut microbiota. 27555309 13 54 theme metagenomic 2774:2784 arg1 analyses 2786:2793 metagenomic analyses 2774:2793 metagenomic analyses 2774:2793 Furthermore, metagenomic analyses showed that BSAP-1-producing and -sensitive strains are not found together in human gut microbiotas. 27555309 9 55 theme Interference 2145:2156 arg1 competition 2158:2168 Interference competition 2145:2168 Interference competition 2145:2168 Interference competition, mediated by bacterial factors that directly harm other members, is beginning to be appreciated as important in contributing to species- and strain-level dynamics of abundant gut bacteria. 27555309 1 56 theme attack 488:493 arg1 domain 520:525 a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain 477:525 a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain 477:525 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 5 57 theme gnotobiotic 1185:1195 arg1 model 1228:1232 a gnotobiotic mouse competitive-colonization model 1183:1232 a gnotobiotic mouse competitive-colonization model 1183:1232 Using a gnotobiotic mouse competitive-colonization model, we found that the BSAP surface targets are important for colonization of the mammalian gut, thereby explaining why they are maintained in sensitive strains and why they were replaced rather than deleted in BSAP-producing strains. 27555309 5 58 theme surface 1258:1264 arg1 targets 1266:1272 the BSAP surface targets 1249:1272 the BSAP surface targets 1249:1272 Using a gnotobiotic mouse competitive-colonization model, we found that the BSAP surface targets are important for colonization of the mammalian gut, thereby explaining why they are maintained in sensitive strains and why they were replaced rather than deleted in BSAP-producing strains. 27555309 5 58 theme surface 1258:1264 arg1 important 1278:1286 important 1278:1286 important 1278:1286 Using a gnotobiotic mouse competitive-colonization model, we found that the BSAP surface targets are important for colonization of the mammalian gut, thereby explaining why they are maintained in sensitive strains and why they were replaced rather than deleted in BSAP-producing strains. 27555309 7 59 theme microbiota 1925:1934 arg1 composition 1896:1906 the strain-level composition 1879:1906 the strain-level composition of the human gut microbiota 1879:1934 Human gut metagenomic datasets reveal that BSAP-1-sensitive strains do not cooccur with BSAP-1-producing strains in human gut microbiotas, further supporting the idea that BSAPs are important competitive factors with relevance to the strain-level composition of the human gut microbiota. 27555309 2 60 theme sensitive 848:856 arg1 strains 871:877 sensitive B. uniformis strains 848:877 sensitive B. uniformis strains 848:877 We identified the target molecules of BSAP-sensitive cells and showed that each BSAP targets a different class of surface molecule: BSAP-1 targets an outer membrane protein of sensitive B. fragilis strains, and BSAP-2 targets the O-antigen glycan of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of sensitive B. uniformis strains. 27555309 3 61 theme Species-wide 880:891 arg1 analyses 916:923 Species-wide genomic and phenotypic analyses 880:923 Species-wide genomic and phenotypic analyses of B. fragilis and B. uniformis 880:955 Species-wide genomic and phenotypic analyses of B. fragilis and B. uniformis showed that BSAP-producing strains circumvent killing by synthesizing an orthologous nontargeted surface molecule. 27555309 8 62 theme gut 2120:2122 arg1 community 2134:2142 an individual's gut microbial community 2104:2142 an individual's gut microbial community 2104:2142 IMPORTANCE We know relatively little about the ecology of the human intestinal microbiota and the combination of factors that dictate which strains and species occupy an individual's gut microbial community. 27555309 13 63 theme BSAP-1-producing 2807:2822 arg1 strains 2839:2845 BSAP-1-producing and -sensitive strains 2807:2845 BSAP-1-producing and -sensitive strains 2807:2845 Furthermore, metagenomic analyses showed that BSAP-1-producing and -sensitive strains are not found together in human gut microbiotas. 27555309 3 64 theme surface 1054:1060 arg1 molecule 1062:1069 an orthologous nontargeted surface molecule 1027:1069 an orthologous nontargeted surface molecule 1027:1069 Species-wide genomic and phenotypic analyses of B. fragilis and B. uniformis showed that BSAP-producing strains circumvent killing by synthesizing an orthologous nontargeted surface molecule. 27555309 2 65 theme lipopolysaccharide 820:837 arg1 glycan 810:815 the O-antigen glycan 796:815 the O-antigen glycan of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of sensitive B. uniformis strains 796:877 We identified the target molecules of BSAP-sensitive cells and showed that each BSAP targets a different class of surface molecule: BSAP-1 targets an outer membrane protein of sensitive B. fragilis strains, and BSAP-2 targets the O-antigen glycan of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of sensitive B. uniformis strains. 27555309 6 66 theme -sensitive 1496:1505 arg1 strains 1523:1529 isogenic BSAP-producing, -sensitive, and -resistant strains 1471:1529 isogenic BSAP-producing, -sensitive, and -resistant strains 1471:1529 Using isogenic BSAP-producing, -sensitive, and -resistant strains, we show that a BSAP-producing strain outcompetes a sensitive strain but not a resistant strain in the mammalian gut. 27555309 7 67 theme important 1831:1839 arg1 BSAPs 1821:1825 BSAPs 1821:1825 BSAPs 1821:1825 Human gut metagenomic datasets reveal that BSAP-1-sensitive strains do not cooccur with BSAP-1-producing strains in human gut microbiotas, further supporting the idea that BSAPs are important competitive factors with relevance to the strain-level composition of the human gut microbiota. 27555309 7 67 theme important 1831:1839 arg1 factors 1853:1859 important competitive factors 1831:1859 important competitive factors 1831:1859 Human gut metagenomic datasets reveal that BSAP-1-sensitive strains do not cooccur with BSAP-1-producing strains in human gut microbiotas, further supporting the idea that BSAPs are important competitive factors with relevance to the strain-level composition of the human gut microbiota. 27555309 2 68 theme B. fragilis 756:766 arg1 strains 768:774 sensitive B. fragilis strains 746:774 sensitive B. fragilis strains 746:774 We identified the target molecules of BSAP-sensitive cells and showed that each BSAP targets a different class of surface molecule: BSAP-1 targets an outer membrane protein of sensitive B. fragilis strains, and BSAP-2 targets the O-antigen glycan of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of sensitive B. uniformis strains. 27555309 2 69 theme strains 871:877 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 820:837 lipopolysaccharide 820:837 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of sensitive B. uniformis strains 820:877 We identified the target molecules of BSAP-sensitive cells and showed that each BSAP targets a different class of surface molecule: BSAP-1 targets an outer membrane protein of sensitive B. fragilis strains, and BSAP-2 targets the O-antigen glycan of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of sensitive B. uniformis strains. 27555309 2 69 theme strains 871:877 arg1 LPS 840:842 LPS 840:842 LPS 840:842 We identified the target molecules of BSAP-sensitive cells and showed that each BSAP targets a different class of surface molecule: BSAP-1 targets an outer membrane protein of sensitive B. fragilis strains, and BSAP-2 targets the O-antigen glycan of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of sensitive B. uniformis strains. 27555309 9 70 theme other 2220:2224 arg1 members 2226:2232 other members 2220:2232 other members 2220:2232 Interference competition, mediated by bacterial factors that directly harm other members, is beginning to be appreciated as important in contributing to species- and strain-level dynamics of abundant gut bacteria. 27555309 6 71 theme sensitive 1583:1591 arg1 strain 1593:1598 a sensitive strain 1581:1598 a sensitive strain but not a resistant strain in the mammalian gut 1581:1646 Using isogenic BSAP-producing, -sensitive, and -resistant strains, we show that a BSAP-producing strain outcompetes a sensitive strain but not a resistant strain in the mammalian gut. 27555309 1 72 theme Bacteroidales 180:192 arg1 species 194:200 human gut Bacteroidales species 170:200 human gut Bacteroidales species 170:200 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 14 73 theme strong 2930:2935 arg1 BSAPs 2920:2924 BSAPs 2920:2924 BSAPs 2920:2924 These data suggest that BSAPs are strong ecological drivers shaping the strain-level composition of gut communities. 27555309 14 73 theme strong 2930:2935 arg1 drivers 2948:2954 strong ecological drivers 2930:2954 strong ecological drivers shaping the strain-level composition of gut communities 2930:3010 These data suggest that BSAPs are strong ecological drivers shaping the strain-level composition of gut communities. 27555309 5 74 theme BSAP-producing 1441:1454 arg1 strains 1456:1462 BSAP-producing strains 1441:1462 BSAP-producing strains 1441:1462 Using a gnotobiotic mouse competitive-colonization model, we found that the BSAP surface targets are important for colonization of the mammalian gut, thereby explaining why they are maintained in sensitive strains and why they were replaced rather than deleted in BSAP-producing strains. 27555309 2 75 theme BSAP-sensitive 608:621 arg1 cells 623:627 BSAP-sensitive cells 608:627 BSAP-sensitive cells 608:627 We identified the target molecules of BSAP-sensitive cells and showed that each BSAP targets a different class of surface molecule: BSAP-1 targets an outer membrane protein of sensitive B. fragilis strains, and BSAP-2 targets the O-antigen glycan of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of sensitive B. uniformis strains. 27555309 6 76 theme BSAP-producing 1547:1560 arg1 strain 1562:1567 a BSAP-producing strain 1545:1567 a BSAP-producing strain 1545:1567 Using isogenic BSAP-producing, -sensitive, and -resistant strains, we show that a BSAP-producing strain outcompetes a sensitive strain but not a resistant strain in the mammalian gut. 27555309 7 77 theme metagenomic 1659:1669 arg1 datasets 1671:1678 Human gut metagenomic datasets 1649:1678 Human gut metagenomic datasets 1649:1678 Human gut metagenomic datasets reveal that BSAP-1-sensitive strains do not cooccur with BSAP-1-producing strains in human gut microbiotas, further supporting the idea that BSAPs are important competitive factors with relevance to the strain-level composition of the human gut microbiota. 27555309 14 78 theme communities 3000:3010 arg1 composition 2981:2991 the strain-level composition 2964:2991 the strain-level composition of gut communities 2964:3010 These data suggest that BSAPs are strong ecological drivers shaping the strain-level composition of gut communities. 27555309 7 79 theme Human 1649:1653 arg1 datasets 1671:1678 Human gut metagenomic datasets 1649:1678 Human gut metagenomic datasets 1649:1678 Human gut metagenomic datasets reveal that BSAP-1-sensitive strains do not cooccur with BSAP-1-producing strains in human gut microbiotas, further supporting the idea that BSAPs are important competitive factors with relevance to the strain-level composition of the human gut microbiota. 27555309 10 80 theme gut 2378:2380 arg1 Bacteroidales 2382:2394 gut Bacteroidales 2378:2394 gut Bacteroidales 2378:2394 Here, we show that gut Bacteroidales secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs) that antagonize strains of the same species. 27555309 8 81 theme human 1999:2003 arg1 microbiota 2016:2025 the human intestinal microbiota 1995:2025 the human intestinal microbiota 1995:2025 IMPORTANCE We know relatively little about the ecology of the human intestinal microbiota and the combination of factors that dictate which strains and species occupy an individual's gut microbial community. 27555309 1 82 theme ubiquitous 391:400 arg1 species 425:431 the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species 387:431 the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species 387:431 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 12 83 theme sensitive 2743:2751 arg1 strain 2753:2758 an isogenic sensitive strain 2731:2758 an isogenic sensitive strain 2731:2758 In an experimental animal model of gut colonization, a BSAP-1-producing strain antagonized and outcompeted an isogenic sensitive strain. 27555309 2 84 theme molecule 692:699 arg1 class 675:679 a different class 663:679 a different class of surface molecule 663:699 We identified the target molecules of BSAP-sensitive cells and showed that each BSAP targets a different class of surface molecule: BSAP-1 targets an outer membrane protein of sensitive B. fragilis strains, and BSAP-2 targets the O-antigen glycan of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of sensitive B. uniformis strains. 27555309 5 85 theme mammalian 1312:1320 arg1 gut 1322:1324 the mammalian gut 1308:1324 the mammalian gut 1308:1324 Using a gnotobiotic mouse competitive-colonization model, we found that the BSAP surface targets are important for colonization of the mammalian gut, thereby explaining why they are maintained in sensitive strains and why they were replaced rather than deleted in BSAP-producing strains. 27555309 8 86 theme microbiota 2016:2025 arg1 ecology 1984:1990 the ecology 1980:1990 the ecology of the human intestinal microbiota 1980:2025 IMPORTANCE We know relatively little about the ecology of the human intestinal microbiota and the combination of factors that dictate which strains and species occupy an individual's gut microbial community. 27555309 8 86 theme microbiota 2016:2025 arg1 combination 2035:2045 the combination 2031:2045 the combination of factors that dictate which strains and species occupy an individual's gut microbial community 2031:2142 IMPORTANCE We know relatively little about the ecology of the human intestinal microbiota and the combination of factors that dictate which strains and species occupy an individual's gut microbial community. 27555309 1 87 theme abundant 406:413 arg1 species 425:431 the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species 387:431 the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species 387:431 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 11 88 theme sensitive 2607:2615 arg1 cells 2617:2621 sensitive cells 2607:2621 sensitive cells 2607:2621 We show that BSAPs target molecules of sensitive cells that are important for gut colonization and therefore are maintained in sensitive cells. 27555309 2 89 theme membrane 726:733 arg1 protein 735:741 an outer membrane protein 717:741 an outer membrane protein of sensitive B. fragilis strains 717:774 We identified the target molecules of BSAP-sensitive cells and showed that each BSAP targets a different class of surface molecule: BSAP-1 targets an outer membrane protein of sensitive B. fragilis strains, and BSAP-2 targets the O-antigen glycan of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of sensitive B. uniformis strains. 27555309 0 90 theme Gut 85:87 arg1 Colonization 89:100 Gut Colonization 85:100 Gut Colonization 85:100 Bacteroidales Secreted Antimicrobial Proteins Target Surface Molecules Necessary for Gut Colonization and Mediate Competition In Vivo. 27555309 1 91 theme gut 421:423 arg1 species 425:431 the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species 387:431 the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species 387:431 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 4 92 theme gene 1107:1110 arg1 s 1112:1112 the gene(s) 1103:1113 the gene(s) encoding their target replacements 1103:1148 The BSAP genes are adjacent to the gene(s) encoding their target replacements, suggesting coacquisition. 27555309 1 93 theme human 170:174 arg1 species 194:200 human gut Bacteroidales species 170:200 human gut Bacteroidales species 170:200 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 3 94 theme genomic 893:899 arg1 analyses 916:923 Species-wide genomic and phenotypic analyses 880:923 Species-wide genomic and phenotypic analyses of B. fragilis and B. uniformis 880:955 Species-wide genomic and phenotypic analyses of B. fragilis and B. uniformis showed that BSAP-producing strains circumvent killing by synthesizing an orthologous nontargeted surface molecule. 27555309 11 95 theme cells 2529:2533 arg1 molecules 2506:2514 molecules 2506:2514 molecules of sensitive cells that are important for gut colonization and therefore are maintained in sensitive cells 2506:2621 We show that BSAPs target molecules of sensitive cells that are important for gut colonization and therefore are maintained in sensitive cells. 27555309 12 96 theme gut 2659:2661 arg1 colonization 2663:2674 gut colonization 2659:2674 gut colonization 2659:2674 In an experimental animal model of gut colonization, a BSAP-1-producing strain antagonized and outcompeted an isogenic sensitive strain. 27555309 7 97 theme human 1765:1769 arg1 microbiotas 1775:1785 human gut microbiotas 1765:1785 human gut microbiotas 1765:1785 Human gut metagenomic datasets reveal that BSAP-1-sensitive strains do not cooccur with BSAP-1-producing strains in human gut microbiotas, further supporting the idea that BSAPs are important competitive factors with relevance to the strain-level composition of the human gut microbiota. 27555309 10 98 theme species 2471:2477 arg1 strains 2451:2457 strains 2451:2457 strains of the same species 2451:2477 Here, we show that gut Bacteroidales secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs) that antagonize strains of the same species. 27555309 9 99 theme abundant 2336:2343 arg1 bacteria 2349:2356 abundant gut bacteria 2336:2356 abundant gut bacteria 2336:2356 Interference competition, mediated by bacterial factors that directly harm other members, is beginning to be appreciated as important in contributing to species- and strain-level dynamics of abundant gut bacteria. 27555309 1 100 theme second 356:361 arg1 BSAP 370:373 a second potent BSAP 354:373 a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species 354:431 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 1 101 dep Bacteroides 304:314 arg1 identified 343:352 identified 343:352 identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity 343:567 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 1 101 dep Bacteroides 304:314 arg1 In 325:326 Bacteroides fragilis In 304:326 Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity 304:567 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 12 102 theme experimental 2630:2641 arg1 model 2650:2654 an experimental animal model 2627:2654 an experimental animal model of gut colonization 2627:2674 In an experimental animal model of gut colonization, a BSAP-1-producing strain antagonized and outcompeted an isogenic sensitive strain. 27555309 5 103 theme sensitive 1373:1381 arg1 strains 1383:1389 sensitive strains 1373:1389 sensitive strains 1373:1389 Using a gnotobiotic mouse competitive-colonization model, we found that the BSAP surface targets are important for colonization of the mammalian gut, thereby explaining why they are maintained in sensitive strains and why they were replaced rather than deleted in BSAP-producing strains. 27555309 9 104 theme bacteria 2349:2356 arg1 species- 2298:2305 species- 2298:2305 species- 2298:2305 Interference competition, mediated by bacterial factors that directly harm other members, is beginning to be appreciated as important in contributing to species- and strain-level dynamics of abundant gut bacteria. 27555309 9 104 theme bacteria 2349:2356 arg1 dynamics 2324:2331 strain-level dynamics 2311:2331 strain-level dynamics 2311:2331 Interference competition, mediated by bacterial factors that directly harm other members, is beginning to be appreciated as important in contributing to species- and strain-level dynamics of abundant gut bacteria. 27555309 0 105 theme Secreted 14:21 arg1 Proteins 37:44 Bacteroidales Secreted Antimicrobial Proteins 0:44 Bacteroidales Secreted Antimicrobial Proteins 0:44 Bacteroidales Secreted Antimicrobial Proteins Target Surface Molecules Necessary for Gut Colonization and Mediate Competition In Vivo. 27555309 3 106 theme phenotypic 905:914 arg1 analyses 916:923 Species-wide genomic and phenotypic analyses 880:923 Species-wide genomic and phenotypic analyses of B. fragilis and B. uniformis 880:955 Species-wide genomic and phenotypic analyses of B. fragilis and B. uniformis showed that BSAP-producing strains circumvent killing by synthesizing an orthologous nontargeted surface molecule. 27555309 2 107 theme different 665:673 arg1 class 675:679 a different class 663:679 a different class of surface molecule 663:699 We identified the target molecules of BSAP-sensitive cells and showed that each BSAP targets a different class of surface molecule: BSAP-1 targets an outer membrane protein of sensitive B. fragilis strains, and BSAP-2 targets the O-antigen glycan of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of sensitive B. uniformis strains. 27555309 6 108 theme isogenic 1471:1478 arg1 strains 1523:1529 isogenic BSAP-producing, -sensitive, and -resistant strains 1471:1529 isogenic BSAP-producing, -sensitive, and -resistant strains 1471:1529 Using isogenic BSAP-producing, -sensitive, and -resistant strains, we show that a BSAP-producing strain outcompetes a sensitive strain but not a resistant strain in the mammalian gut. 27555309 13 109 theme gut 2879:2881 arg1 microbiotas 2883:2893 human gut microbiotas 2873:2893 human gut microbiotas 2873:2893 Furthermore, metagenomic analyses showed that BSAP-1-producing and -sensitive strains are not found together in human gut microbiotas. 27555309 4 110 theme BSAP 1076:1079 arg1 adjacent 1091:1098 adjacent 1091:1098 adjacent 1091:1098 The BSAP genes are adjacent to the gene(s) encoding their target replacements, suggesting coacquisition. 27555309 4 110 theme BSAP 1076:1079 arg1 genes 1081:1085 The BSAP genes 1072:1085 The BSAP genes 1072:1085 The BSAP genes are adjacent to the gene(s) encoding their target replacements, suggesting coacquisition. 27555309 2 111 theme strains 768:774 arg1 protein 735:741 an outer membrane protein 717:741 an outer membrane protein of sensitive B. fragilis strains 717:774 We identified the target molecules of BSAP-sensitive cells and showed that each BSAP targets a different class of surface molecule: BSAP-1 targets an outer membrane protein of sensitive B. fragilis strains, and BSAP-2 targets the O-antigen glycan of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of sensitive B. uniformis strains. 27555309 0 112 theme Surface 53:59 arg1 Molecules 61:69 Surface Molecules 53:69 Surface Molecules Necessary for Gut Colonization 53:100 Bacteroidales Secreted Antimicrobial Proteins Target Surface Molecules Necessary for Gut Colonization and Mediate Competition In Vivo. 27555309 1 113 contain contain 469:475 arg1 BSAPs 463:467 The two BSAPs 455:467 The two BSAPs 455:467 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 1 113 contain contain 469:475 arg2 domain 520:525 a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain 477:525 a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain 477:525 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 1 114 theme membrane 479:486 arg1 domain 520:525 a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain 477:525 a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain 477:525 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 0 115 theme Necessary 71:79 arg1 Molecules 61:69 Surface Molecules 53:69 Surface Molecules Necessary for Gut Colonization 53:100 Bacteroidales Secreted Antimicrobial Proteins Target Surface Molecules Necessary for Gut Colonization and Mediate Competition In Vivo. 27555309 7 116 theme human 1915:1919 arg1 microbiota 1925:1934 the human gut microbiota 1911:1934 the human gut microbiota 1911:1934 Human gut metagenomic datasets reveal that BSAP-1-sensitive strains do not cooccur with BSAP-1-producing strains in human gut microbiotas, further supporting the idea that BSAPs are important competitive factors with relevance to the strain-level composition of the human gut microbiota. 27555309 7 117 with factors 1853:1859 arg1 relevance 1866:1874 relevance 1866:1874 relevance to the strain-level composition of the human gut microbiota 1866:1934 Human gut metagenomic datasets reveal that BSAP-1-sensitive strains do not cooccur with BSAP-1-producing strains in human gut microbiotas, further supporting the idea that BSAPs are important competitive factors with relevance to the strain-level composition of the human gut microbiota. 27555309 1 118 theme complex/perforin 495:510 arg1 domain 520:525 a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain 477:525 a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain 477:525 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 5 119 theme mouse 1197:1201 arg1 model 1228:1232 a gnotobiotic mouse competitive-colonization model 1183:1232 a gnotobiotic mouse competitive-colonization model 1183:1232 Using a gnotobiotic mouse competitive-colonization model, we found that the BSAP surface targets are important for colonization of the mammalian gut, thereby explaining why they are maintained in sensitive strains and why they were replaced rather than deleted in BSAP-producing strains. 27555309 7 120 theme gut 1921:1923 arg1 microbiota 1925:1934 the human gut microbiota 1911:1934 the human gut microbiota 1911:1934 Human gut metagenomic datasets reveal that BSAP-1-sensitive strains do not cooccur with BSAP-1-producing strains in human gut microbiotas, further supporting the idea that BSAPs are important competitive factors with relevance to the strain-level composition of the human gut microbiota. 27555309 3 121 theme BSAP-producing 969:982 arg1 strains 984:990 BSAP-producing strains 969:990 BSAP-producing strains 969:990 Species-wide genomic and phenotypic analyses of B. fragilis and B. uniformis showed that BSAP-producing strains circumvent killing by synthesizing an orthologous nontargeted surface molecule. 27555309 2 122 theme O-antigen 800:808 arg1 glycan 810:815 the O-antigen glycan 796:815 the O-antigen glycan of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of sensitive B. uniformis strains 796:877 We identified the target molecules of BSAP-sensitive cells and showed that each BSAP targets a different class of surface molecule: BSAP-1 targets an outer membrane protein of sensitive B. fragilis strains, and BSAP-2 targets the O-antigen glycan of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of sensitive B. uniformis strains. 27555309 2 123 theme B. uniformis 858:869 arg1 strains 871:877 sensitive B. uniformis strains 848:877 sensitive B. uniformis strains 848:877 We identified the target molecules of BSAP-sensitive cells and showed that each BSAP targets a different class of surface molecule: BSAP-1 targets an outer membrane protein of sensitive B. fragilis strains, and BSAP-2 targets the O-antigen glycan of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of sensitive B. uniformis strains. 27555309 1 124 theme MACPF 513:517 arg1 domain 520:525 a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain 477:525 a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain 477:525 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 1 125 theme little 542:547 arg1 similarity 558:567 very little sequence similarity 537:567 very little sequence similarity 537:567 UNLABELLED We recently showed that human gut Bacteroidales species secrete antimicrobial proteins (BSAPs), and we characterized in vitro the first such BSAP produced by Bacteroides fragilis In this study, we identified a second potent BSAP produced by the ubiquitous and abundant human gut species Bacteroides uniformis The two BSAPs contain a membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain but share very little sequence similarity. 27555309 7 126 theme strain-level 1883:1894 arg1 composition 1896:1906 the strain-level composition 1879:1906 the strain-level composition of the human gut microbiota 1879:1934 Human gut metagenomic datasets reveal that BSAP-1-sensitive strains do not cooccur with BSAP-1-producing strains in human gut microbiotas, further supporting the idea that BSAPs are important competitive factors with relevance to the strain-level composition of the human gut microbiota. 27555309 9 127 theme bacterial 2183:2191 arg1 factors 2193:2199 bacterial factors 2183:2199 bacterial factors that directly harm other members 2183:2232 Interference competition, mediated by bacterial factors that directly harm other members, is beginning to be appreciated as important in contributing to species- and strain-level dynamics of abundant gut bacteria. 27555309 6 128 theme -resistant 1512:1521 arg1 strains 1523:1529 isogenic BSAP-producing, -sensitive, and -resistant strains 1471:1529 isogenic BSAP-producing, -sensitive, and -resistant strains 1471:1529 Using isogenic BSAP-producing, -sensitive, and -resistant strains, we show that a BSAP-producing strain outcompetes a sensitive strain but not a resistant strain in the mammalian gut. 28556619 0 0 theme culture 92:98 arg1 process 100:106 cell culture process 87:106 cell culture process 87:106 Enhanced process understanding and multivariate prediction of the relationship between cell culture process and monoclonal antibody quality. 28556619 8 1 theme solid 1785:1789 arg1 basis 1791:1795 a solid basis 1783:1795 a solid basis for decision making and process optimization throughout process development 1783:1871 The generally applicable toolset presented in this case study provides a solid basis for decision making and process optimization throughout process development. 28556619 6 2 theme parameter 1426:1434 arg1 changes 1436:1442 process parameter changes 1418:1442 process parameter changes during the process 1418:1461 In order to show the dynamic evolution of the process predictability separate models are defined at different time points showing that several product quality attributes are mainly driven by the media composition and, hence, can be decently predicted from early on in the process, while others are strongly affected by process parameter changes during the process. 28556619 0 3 theme cell 87:90 arg1 process 100:106 cell culture process 87:106 cell culture process 87:106 Enhanced process understanding and multivariate prediction of the relationship between cell culture process and monoclonal antibody quality. 28556619 1 4 theme milliliter 368:377 arg1 scale 391:395 milliliter (ambr-15® ) scale 368:395 milliliter (ambr-15® ) scale 368:395 This work investigates the insights and understanding which can be deduced from predictive process models for the product quality of a monoclonal antibody based on designed high-throughput cell culture experiments performed at milliliter (ambr-15® ) scale. 28556619 7 5 theme PLS2 1489:1492 arg1 models 1494:1499 the PLS2 models 1485:1499 the PLS2 models with a genetic algorithm 1485:1524 Finally, by coupling the PLS2 models with a genetic algorithm first the model performance can be further improved and, most importantly, the interpretation of the large-dimensioned process-product-interrelationship can be significantly simplified. 28556619 6 6 theme process 1418:1424 arg1 changes 1436:1442 process parameter changes 1418:1442 process parameter changes during the process 1418:1461 In order to show the dynamic evolution of the process predictability separate models are defined at different time points showing that several product quality attributes are mainly driven by the media composition and, hence, can be decently predicted from early on in the process, while others are strongly affected by process parameter changes during the process. 28556619 8 7 dep decision 1801:1808 arg1 making 1810:1815 making 1810:1815 making 1810:1815 The generally applicable toolset presented in this case study provides a solid basis for decision making and process optimization throughout process development. 28556619 8 7 dep decision 1801:1808 arg1 process 1821:1827 process 1821:1827 process optimization throughout process development 1821:1871 The generally applicable toolset presented in this case study provides a solid basis for decision making and process optimization throughout process development. 28556619 6 8 theme separate 1168:1175 arg1 models 1177:1182 predictability separate models 1153:1182 predictability separate models 1153:1182 In order to show the dynamic evolution of the process predictability separate models are defined at different time points showing that several product quality attributes are mainly driven by the media composition and, hence, can be decently predicted from early on in the process, while others are strongly affected by process parameter changes during the process. 28556619 9 9 theme Chemical 1903:1910 arg1 Engineers 1912:1920 Chemical Engineers 1903:1920 Chemical Engineers 1903:1920 © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. 28556619 5 10 theme modeling 925:932 arg1 techniques 934:943 those two modeling techniques 915:943 those two modeling techniques 915:943 The comparison of those two modeling techniques shows that a single (PLS2) model is capable of revealing the interrelationship of the process characteristics to the large set product quality variables. 28556619 5 11 theme product 1072:1078 arg1 variables 1088:1096 the large set product quality variables 1058:1096 the large set product quality variables 1058:1096 The comparison of those two modeling techniques shows that a single (PLS2) model is capable of revealing the interrelationship of the process characteristics to the large set product quality variables. 28556619 6 12 theme predictability 1153:1166 arg1 models 1177:1182 predictability separate models 1153:1182 predictability separate models 1153:1182 In order to show the dynamic evolution of the process predictability separate models are defined at different time points showing that several product quality attributes are mainly driven by the media composition and, hence, can be decently predicted from early on in the process, while others are strongly affected by process parameter changes during the process. 28556619 5 13 theme single 958:963 arg1 capable 981:987 capable 981:987 capable 981:987 The comparison of those two modeling techniques shows that a single (PLS2) model is capable of revealing the interrelationship of the process characteristics to the large set product quality variables. 28556619 5 13 theme single 958:963 arg1 model 972:976 a single (PLS2) model 956:976 a single (PLS2) model 956:976 The comparison of those two modeling techniques shows that a single (PLS2) model is capable of revealing the interrelationship of the process characteristics to the large set product quality variables. 28556619 1 14 theme monoclonal 276:285 arg1 antibody 287:294 a monoclonal antibody 274:294 a monoclonal antibody based on designed high-throughput cell culture experiments performed at milliliter (ambr-15® ) scale 274:395 This work investigates the insights and understanding which can be deduced from predictive process models for the product quality of a monoclonal antibody based on designed high-throughput cell culture experiments performed at milliliter (ambr-15® ) scale. 28556619 6 15 dep driven 1280:1285 arg1 predicted 1340:1348 predicted 1340:1348 predicted 1340:1348 In order to show the dynamic evolution of the process predictability separate models are defined at different time points showing that several product quality attributes are mainly driven by the media composition and, hence, can be decently predicted from early on in the process, while others are strongly affected by process parameter changes during the process. 28556619 5 16 theme quality 1080:1086 arg1 variables 1088:1096 the large set product quality variables 1058:1096 the large set product quality variables 1058:1096 The comparison of those two modeling techniques shows that a single (PLS2) model is capable of revealing the interrelationship of the process characteristics to the large set product quality variables. 28556619 4 17 theme process 845:851 arg1 information 853:863 process information 845:863 process information (one by one or simultaneously) 845:894 Then, partial least square regression (PLS1 and PLS2) is applied to predict the product quality variables based on process information (one by one or simultaneously). 28556619 6 18 theme process 1145:1151 arg1 evolution 1128:1136 the dynamic evolution 1116:1136 the dynamic evolution of the process predictability separate models are defined at different time points showing that several product quality attributes are mainly driven by the media composition and, hence, can be decently predicted from early on in the process, while others are strongly affected by process parameter changes during the process 1116:1461 In order to show the dynamic evolution of the process predictability separate models are defined at different time points showing that several product quality attributes are mainly driven by the media composition and, hence, can be decently predicted from early on in the process, while others are strongly affected by process parameter changes during the process. 28556619 0 19 theme monoclonal 112:121 arg1 antibody 123:130 monoclonal antibody 112:130 monoclonal antibody 112:130 Enhanced process understanding and multivariate prediction of the relationship between cell culture process and monoclonal antibody quality. 28556619 6 20 theme product 1242:1248 arg1 attributes 1258:1267 several product quality attributes 1234:1267 several product quality attributes 1234:1267 In order to show the dynamic evolution of the process predictability separate models are defined at different time points showing that several product quality attributes are mainly driven by the media composition and, hence, can be decently predicted from early on in the process, while others are strongly affected by process parameter changes during the process. 28556619 0 21 dep process 100:106 arg1 quality 132:138 quality 132:138 quality 132:138 Enhanced process understanding and multivariate prediction of the relationship between cell culture process and monoclonal antibody quality. 28556619 7 22 theme large-dimensioned 1627:1643 arg1 process-product-interrelationship 1645:1677 the large-dimensioned process-product-interrelationship 1623:1677 the large-dimensioned process-product-interrelationship 1623:1677 Finally, by coupling the PLS2 models with a genetic algorithm first the model performance can be further improved and, most importantly, the interpretation of the large-dimensioned process-product-interrelationship can be significantly simplified. 28556619 2 23 theme process 415:421 arg1 conditions 423:432 The investigated process conditions 398:432 The investigated process conditions 398:432 The investigated process conditions include various media supplements as well as pH and temperature shifts applied during the process. 28556619 0 24 theme process 9:15 arg1 understanding 17:29 process understanding 9:29 process understanding 9:29 Enhanced process understanding and multivariate prediction of the relationship between cell culture process and monoclonal antibody quality. 28556619 6 25 theme several 1234:1240 arg1 attributes 1258:1267 several product quality attributes 1234:1267 several product quality attributes 1234:1267 In order to show the dynamic evolution of the process predictability separate models are defined at different time points showing that several product quality attributes are mainly driven by the media composition and, hence, can be decently predicted from early on in the process, while others are strongly affected by process parameter changes during the process. 28556619 1 26 dep insights 168:175 arg1 the 164:166 the 164:166 the 164:166 This work investigates the insights and understanding which can be deduced from predictive process models for the product quality of a monoclonal antibody based on designed high-throughput cell culture experiments performed at milliliter (ambr-15® ) scale. 28556619 7 27 theme process-product-interrelationship 1645:1677 arg1 interpretation 1605:1618 the interpretation 1601:1618 the interpretation of the large-dimensioned process-product-interrelationship 1601:1677 Finally, by coupling the PLS2 models with a genetic algorithm first the model performance can be further improved and, most importantly, the interpretation of the large-dimensioned process-product-interrelationship can be significantly simplified. 28556619 2 28 theme investigated 402:413 arg1 conditions 423:432 The investigated process conditions 398:432 The investigated process conditions 398:432 The investigated process conditions include various media supplements as well as pH and temperature shifts applied during the process. 28556619 4 29 dep information 853:863 arg1 one 866:868 one 866:868 one 866:868 Then, partial least square regression (PLS1 and PLS2) is applied to predict the product quality variables based on process information (one by one or simultaneously). 28556619 1 30 theme antibody 287:294 arg1 quality 263:269 the product quality 251:269 the product quality of a monoclonal antibody based on designed high-throughput cell culture experiments performed at milliliter (ambr-15® ) scale 251:395 This work investigates the insights and understanding which can be deduced from predictive process models for the product quality of a monoclonal antibody based on designed high-throughput cell culture experiments performed at milliliter (ambr-15® ) scale. 28556619 4 31 theme partial 736:742 arg1 regression 757:766 partial least square regression 736:766 partial least square regression (PLS1 and PLS2) 736:782 Then, partial least square regression (PLS1 and PLS2) is applied to predict the product quality variables based on process information (one by one or simultaneously). 28556619 8 32 theme process 1853:1859 arg1 development 1861:1871 process development 1853:1871 process development 1853:1871 The generally applicable toolset presented in this case study provides a solid basis for decision making and process optimization throughout process development. 28556619 4 33 dep partial 736:742 arg1 square 750:755 square 750:755 square 750:755 Then, partial least square regression (PLS1 and PLS2) is applied to predict the product quality variables based on process information (one by one or simultaneously). 28556619 8 34 theme applicable 1726:1735 arg1 toolset 1737:1743 The generally applicable toolset 1712:1743 The generally applicable toolset presented in this case study 1712:1772 The generally applicable toolset presented in this case study provides a solid basis for decision making and process optimization throughout process development. 28556619 6 35 theme different 1199:1207 arg1 points 1214:1219 different time points 1199:1219 different time points showing that several product quality attributes are mainly driven by the media composition and, hence, can be decently predicted from early on in the process, while others are strongly affected by process parameter changes during the process 1199:1461 In order to show the dynamic evolution of the process predictability separate models are defined at different time points showing that several product quality attributes are mainly driven by the media composition and, hence, can be decently predicted from early on in the process, while others are strongly affected by process parameter changes during the process. 28556619 6 36 theme dynamic 1120:1126 arg1 evolution 1128:1136 the dynamic evolution 1116:1136 the dynamic evolution of the process predictability separate models are defined at different time points showing that several product quality attributes are mainly driven by the media composition and, hence, can be decently predicted from early on in the process, while others are strongly affected by process parameter changes during the process 1116:1461 In order to show the dynamic evolution of the process predictability separate models are defined at different time points showing that several product quality attributes are mainly driven by the media composition and, hence, can be decently predicted from early on in the process, while others are strongly affected by process parameter changes during the process. 28556619 4 37 theme quality 818:824 arg1 variables 826:834 the product quality variables 806:834 the product quality variables based on process information (one by one or simultaneously) 806:894 Then, partial least square regression (PLS1 and PLS2) is applied to predict the product quality variables based on process information (one by one or simultaneously). 28556619 3 38 used used 578:581 arg2 analysis 560:567 principal component analysis 540:567 principal component analysis (PCA) 540:573 First, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to show the strong correlation characteristics among the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans. 28556619 3 38 used used 578:581 arg2 PCA 570:572 PCA 570:572 PCA 570:572 First, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to show the strong correlation characteristics among the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans. 28556619 5 39 theme techniques 934:943 arg1 comparison 901:910 The comparison 897:910 The comparison of those two modeling techniques 897:943 The comparison of those two modeling techniques shows that a single (PLS2) model is capable of revealing the interrelationship of the process characteristics to the large set product quality variables. 28556619 10 40 dep 2017 1955:1958 arg1 Prog. 1934:1938 Prog. 1934:1938 Prog. 1934:1938 Prog., 33:1368-1380, 2017. 28556619 7 41 with models 1494:1499 arg1 algorithm 1516:1524 a genetic algorithm 1506:1524 a genetic algorithm 1506:1524 Finally, by coupling the PLS2 models with a genetic algorithm first the model performance can be further improved and, most importantly, the interpretation of the large-dimensioned process-product-interrelationship can be significantly simplified. 28556619 2 42 theme media 450:454 arg1 supplements 456:466 various media supplements 442:466 various media supplements as well as pH and temperature shifts applied during the process 442:530 The investigated process conditions include various media supplements as well as pH and temperature shifts applied during the process. 28556619 1 43 theme designed 305:312 arg1 experiments 343:353 designed high-throughput cell culture experiments 305:353 designed high-throughput cell culture experiments performed at milliliter (ambr-15® ) scale 305:395 This work investigates the insights and understanding which can be deduced from predictive process models for the product quality of a monoclonal antibody based on designed high-throughput cell culture experiments performed at milliliter (ambr-15® ) scale. 28556619 2 44 theme various 442:448 arg1 supplements 456:466 various media supplements 442:466 various media supplements as well as pH and temperature shifts applied during the process 442:530 The investigated process conditions include various media supplements as well as pH and temperature shifts applied during the process. 28556619 3 45 theme correlation 602:612 arg1 characteristics 614:628 the strong correlation characteristics 591:628 the strong correlation characteristics among the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans 591:727 First, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to show the strong correlation characteristics among the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans. 28556619 1 46 theme predictive 221:230 arg1 models 240:245 predictive process models 221:245 predictive process models for the product quality of a monoclonal antibody based on designed high-throughput cell culture experiments performed at milliliter (ambr-15® ) scale 221:395 This work investigates the insights and understanding which can be deduced from predictive process models for the product quality of a monoclonal antibody based on designed high-throughput cell culture experiments performed at milliliter (ambr-15® ) scale. 28556619 0 47 theme multivariate 35:46 arg1 prediction 48:57 multivariate prediction 35:57 multivariate prediction 35:57 Enhanced process understanding and multivariate prediction of the relationship between cell culture process and monoclonal antibody quality. 28556619 1 48 theme high-throughput 314:328 arg1 experiments 343:353 designed high-throughput cell culture experiments 305:353 designed high-throughput cell culture experiments performed at milliliter (ambr-15® ) scale 305:395 This work investigates the insights and understanding which can be deduced from predictive process models for the product quality of a monoclonal antibody based on designed high-throughput cell culture experiments performed at milliliter (ambr-15® ) scale. 28556619 5 49 theme large 1062:1066 arg1 variables 1088:1096 the large set product quality variables 1058:1096 the large set product quality variables 1058:1096 The comparison of those two modeling techniques shows that a single (PLS2) model is capable of revealing the interrelationship of the process characteristics to the large set product quality variables. 28556619 4 50 theme product 810:816 arg1 variables 826:834 the product quality variables 806:834 the product quality variables based on process information (one by one or simultaneously) 806:894 Then, partial least square regression (PLS1 and PLS2) is applied to predict the product quality variables based on process information (one by one or simultaneously). 28556619 6 51 theme quality 1250:1256 arg1 attributes 1258:1267 several product quality attributes 1234:1267 several product quality attributes 1234:1267 In order to show the dynamic evolution of the process predictability separate models are defined at different time points showing that several product quality attributes are mainly driven by the media composition and, hence, can be decently predicted from early on in the process, while others are strongly affected by process parameter changes during the process. 28556619 1 52 theme process 232:238 arg1 models 240:245 predictive process models 221:245 predictive process models for the product quality of a monoclonal antibody based on designed high-throughput cell culture experiments performed at milliliter (ambr-15® ) scale 221:395 This work investigates the insights and understanding which can be deduced from predictive process models for the product quality of a monoclonal antibody based on designed high-throughput cell culture experiments performed at milliliter (ambr-15® ) scale. 28556619 2 53 theme temperature 486:496 arg1 shifts 498:503 pH and temperature shifts 479:503 various media supplements as well as pH and temperature shifts applied during the process 442:530 The investigated process conditions include various media supplements as well as pH and temperature shifts applied during the process. 28556619 1 54 theme cell 330:333 arg1 experiments 343:353 designed high-throughput cell culture experiments 305:353 designed high-throughput cell culture experiments performed at milliliter (ambr-15® ) scale 305:395 This work investigates the insights and understanding which can be deduced from predictive process models for the product quality of a monoclonal antibody based on designed high-throughput cell culture experiments performed at milliliter (ambr-15® ) scale. 28556619 5 55 theme set 1068:1070 arg1 variables 1088:1096 the large set product quality variables 1058:1096 the large set product quality variables 1058:1096 The comparison of those two modeling techniques shows that a single (PLS2) model is capable of revealing the interrelationship of the process characteristics to the large set product quality variables. 28556619 6 56 theme time 1209:1212 arg1 points 1214:1219 different time points 1199:1219 different time points showing that several product quality attributes are mainly driven by the media composition and, hence, can be decently predicted from early on in the process, while others are strongly affected by process parameter changes during the process 1199:1461 In order to show the dynamic evolution of the process predictability separate models are defined at different time points showing that several product quality attributes are mainly driven by the media composition and, hence, can be decently predicted from early on in the process, while others are strongly affected by process parameter changes during the process. 28556619 1 57 theme culture 335:341 arg1 experiments 343:353 designed high-throughput cell culture experiments 305:353 designed high-throughput cell culture experiments performed at milliliter (ambr-15® ) scale 305:395 This work investigates the insights and understanding which can be deduced from predictive process models for the product quality of a monoclonal antibody based on designed high-throughput cell culture experiments performed at milliliter (ambr-15® ) scale. 28556619 6 58 theme media 1294:1298 arg1 composition 1300:1310 the media composition 1290:1310 the media composition 1290:1310 In order to show the dynamic evolution of the process predictability separate models are defined at different time points showing that several product quality attributes are mainly driven by the media composition and, hence, can be decently predicted from early on in the process, while others are strongly affected by process parameter changes during the process. 28556619 3 59 theme charge 700:705 arg1 variants 707:714 charge variants 700:714 charge variants 700:714 First, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to show the strong correlation characteristics among the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans. 28556619 3 60 theme strong 595:600 arg1 characteristics 614:628 the strong correlation characteristics 591:628 the strong correlation characteristics among the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans 591:727 First, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to show the strong correlation characteristics among the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans. 28556619 3 61 theme product 640:646 arg1 aggregates 677:686 aggregates 677:686 aggregates 677:686 First, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to show the strong correlation characteristics among the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans. 28556619 3 61 theme product 640:646 arg1 glycans 721:727 glycans 721:727 glycans 721:727 First, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to show the strong correlation characteristics among the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans. 28556619 3 61 theme product 640:646 arg1 attributes 656:665 the product quality attributes 636:665 the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans 636:727 First, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to show the strong correlation characteristics among the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans. 28556619 3 61 theme product 640:646 arg1 fragments 689:697 fragments 689:697 fragments 689:697 First, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to show the strong correlation characteristics among the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans. 28556619 3 61 theme product 640:646 arg1 variants 707:714 charge variants 700:714 charge variants 700:714 First, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to show the strong correlation characteristics among the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans. 28556619 8 62 theme case 1763:1766 arg1 study 1768:1772 this case study 1758:1772 this case study 1758:1772 The generally applicable toolset presented in this case study provides a solid basis for decision making and process optimization throughout process development. 28556619 4 63 dep regression 757:766 arg1 PLS2 778:781 PLS2 778:781 PLS2 778:781 Then, partial least square regression (PLS1 and PLS2) is applied to predict the product quality variables based on process information (one by one or simultaneously). 28556619 4 63 dep regression 757:766 arg1 PLS1 769:772 PLS1 769:772 PLS1 769:772 Then, partial least square regression (PLS1 and PLS2) is applied to predict the product quality variables based on process information (one by one or simultaneously). 28556619 5 64 theme PLS2 966:969 arg1 capable 981:987 capable 981:987 capable 981:987 The comparison of those two modeling techniques shows that a single (PLS2) model is capable of revealing the interrelationship of the process characteristics to the large set product quality variables. 28556619 5 64 theme PLS2 966:969 arg1 model 972:976 a single (PLS2) model 956:976 a single (PLS2) model 956:976 The comparison of those two modeling techniques shows that a single (PLS2) model is capable of revealing the interrelationship of the process characteristics to the large set product quality variables. 28556619 5 65 theme process 1031:1037 arg1 characteristics 1039:1053 the process characteristics 1027:1053 the process characteristics 1027:1053 The comparison of those two modeling techniques shows that a single (PLS2) model is capable of revealing the interrelationship of the process characteristics to the large set product quality variables. 28556619 3 66 theme quality 648:654 arg1 aggregates 677:686 aggregates 677:686 aggregates 677:686 First, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to show the strong correlation characteristics among the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans. 28556619 3 66 theme quality 648:654 arg1 glycans 721:727 glycans 721:727 glycans 721:727 First, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to show the strong correlation characteristics among the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans. 28556619 3 66 theme quality 648:654 arg1 attributes 656:665 the product quality attributes 636:665 the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans 636:727 First, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to show the strong correlation characteristics among the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans. 28556619 3 66 theme quality 648:654 arg1 fragments 689:697 fragments 689:697 fragments 689:697 First, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to show the strong correlation characteristics among the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans. 28556619 3 66 theme quality 648:654 arg1 variants 707:714 charge variants 700:714 charge variants 700:714 First, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to show the strong correlation characteristics among the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans. 28556619 3 67 theme component 550:558 arg1 PCA 570:572 PCA 570:572 PCA 570:572 First, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to show the strong correlation characteristics among the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans. 28556619 3 67 theme component 550:558 arg1 analysis 560:567 principal component analysis 540:567 principal component analysis (PCA) 540:573 First, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to show the strong correlation characteristics among the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans. 28556619 5 68 theme characteristics 1039:1053 arg1 interrelationship 1006:1022 the interrelationship 1002:1022 the interrelationship of the process characteristics to the large set product quality variables 1002:1096 The comparison of those two modeling techniques shows that a single (PLS2) model is capable of revealing the interrelationship of the process characteristics to the large set product quality variables. 28556619 7 69 theme genetic 1508:1514 arg1 algorithm 1516:1524 a genetic algorithm 1506:1524 a genetic algorithm 1506:1524 Finally, by coupling the PLS2 models with a genetic algorithm first the model performance can be further improved and, most importantly, the interpretation of the large-dimensioned process-product-interrelationship can be significantly simplified. 28556619 6 70 dep process 1145:1151 arg1 defined 1188:1194 defined 1188:1194 are defined at different time points showing that several product quality attributes are mainly driven by the media composition and, hence, can be decently predicted from early on in the process, while others are strongly affected by process parameter changes during the process 1184:1461 In order to show the dynamic evolution of the process predictability separate models are defined at different time points showing that several product quality attributes are mainly driven by the media composition and, hence, can be decently predicted from early on in the process, while others are strongly affected by process parameter changes during the process. 28556619 3 71 theme principal 540:548 arg1 PCA 570:572 PCA 570:572 PCA 570:572 First, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to show the strong correlation characteristics among the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans. 28556619 3 71 theme principal 540:548 arg1 analysis 560:567 principal component analysis 540:567 principal component analysis (PCA) 540:573 First, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to show the strong correlation characteristics among the product quality attributes including aggregates, fragments, charge variants, and glycans. 28556619 0 72 theme relationship 66:77 arg1 understanding 17:29 process understanding 9:29 process understanding 9:29 Enhanced process understanding and multivariate prediction of the relationship between cell culture process and monoclonal antibody quality. 28556619 0 72 theme relationship 66:77 arg1 prediction 48:57 multivariate prediction 35:57 multivariate prediction 35:57 Enhanced process understanding and multivariate prediction of the relationship between cell culture process and monoclonal antibody quality. 28556619 7 73 theme model 1536:1540 arg1 performance 1542:1552 the model performance 1532:1552 the model performance 1532:1552 Finally, by coupling the PLS2 models with a genetic algorithm first the model performance can be further improved and, most importantly, the interpretation of the large-dimensioned process-product-interrelationship can be significantly simplified. 28556619 2 74 theme pH 479:480 arg1 shifts 498:503 pH and temperature shifts 479:503 various media supplements as well as pH and temperature shifts applied during the process 442:530 The investigated process conditions include various media supplements as well as pH and temperature shifts applied during the process. 28556619 1 75 theme product 255:261 arg1 quality 263:269 the product quality 251:269 the product quality of a monoclonal antibody based on designed high-throughput cell culture experiments performed at milliliter (ambr-15® ) scale 251:395 This work investigates the insights and understanding which can be deduced from predictive process models for the product quality of a monoclonal antibody based on designed high-throughput cell culture experiments performed at milliliter (ambr-15® ) scale. 29965154 3 0 theme yeast 607:611 arg1 communities 613:623 yeast communities 607:623 yeast communities 607:623 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 4 1 theme COD 755:757 arg1 rate 767:770 COD removal rate 755:770 COD removal rate 755:770 The results showed that the recommended SRT was 5-10 d for the yeast-SBR system; Higher SRT led to decrease of COD removal rate and content of EPS; the tightly-bounded EPS was the major one which consisted of polysaccharides. 29965154 3 2 theme cells 583:587 arg1 settleability 589:601 yeast cells settleability 577:601 yeast cells settleability 577:601 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 0 3 from [Effect 0:6 arg1 Stability 18:26 Stability 18:26 Stability of Yeast-SBR in Treating Oil-containing Wastewater 18:77 [Effect of SRT on Stability of Yeast-SBR in Treating Oil-containing Wastewater]. 29965154 4 4 theme rate 767:770 arg1 decrease 743:750 decrease 743:750 decrease of COD removal rate 743:770 The results showed that the recommended SRT was 5-10 d for the yeast-SBR system; Higher SRT led to decrease of COD removal rate and content of EPS; the tightly-bounded EPS was the major one which consisted of polysaccharides. 29965154 4 4 theme rate 767:770 arg1 content 776:782 content 776:782 content of EPS 776:789 The results showed that the recommended SRT was 5-10 d for the yeast-SBR system; Higher SRT led to decrease of COD removal rate and content of EPS; the tightly-bounded EPS was the major one which consisted of polysaccharides. 29965154 3 5 dep time 438:441 arg1 SRT 443:445 SRT 443:445 SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d 443:464 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 4 6 theme major 824:828 arg1 one 830:832 the major one 820:832 the major one which consisted of polysaccharides 820:867 The results showed that the recommended SRT was 5-10 d for the yeast-SBR system; Higher SRT led to decrease of COD removal rate and content of EPS; the tightly-bounded EPS was the major one which consisted of polysaccharides. 29965154 4 6 theme major 824:828 arg1 EPS 812:814 the tightly-bounded EPS 792:814 the tightly-bounded EPS 792:814 The results showed that the recommended SRT was 5-10 d for the yeast-SBR system; Higher SRT led to decrease of COD removal rate and content of EPS; the tightly-bounded EPS was the major one which consisted of polysaccharides. 29965154 4 7 theme removal 759:765 arg1 rate 767:770 COD removal rate 755:770 COD removal rate 755:770 The results showed that the recommended SRT was 5-10 d for the yeast-SBR system; Higher SRT led to decrease of COD removal rate and content of EPS; the tightly-bounded EPS was the major one which consisted of polysaccharides. 29965154 3 8 theme strains 312:318 arg1 mixtures 294:301 mixtures 294:301 mixtures of yeast strains 294:318 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 6 9 theme yeast 1113:1117 arg1 strains 1119:1125 three extraneous yeast strains 1096:1125 three extraneous yeast strains capable of utilizing or degrading oil 1096:1163 In the continuous operation of SBR, three extraneous yeast strains capable of utilizing or degrading oil were identified in the systems under the short and long SRT. 29965154 3 10 theme retention 428:436 arg1 time 438:441 sludge retention time 421:441 sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) 421:465 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 0 11 theme Yeast-SBR 31:39 arg1 Stability 18:26 Stability 18:26 Stability of Yeast-SBR in Treating Oil-containing Wastewater 18:77 [Effect of SRT on Stability of Yeast-SBR in Treating Oil-containing Wastewater]. 29965154 3 12 theme communities 613:623 arg1 composition 521:531 composition 521:531 composition 521:531 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 3 12 theme communities 613:623 arg1 contents 508:515 contents 508:515 contents 508:515 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 6 13 theme continuous 1067:1076 arg1 operation 1078:1086 the continuous operation 1063:1086 the continuous operation of SBR 1063:1093 In the continuous operation of SBR, three extraneous yeast strains capable of utilizing or degrading oil were identified in the systems under the short and long SRT. 29965154 2 14 theme yeast-wastewater 236:251 arg1 treatment 253:261 yeast-wastewater treatment 236:261 yeast-wastewater treatment 236:261 Especially, the effects of SRT on yeast-wastewater treatment remain unclear. 29965154 3 15 theme settleability 589:601 arg1 composition 521:531 composition 521:531 composition 521:531 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 3 15 theme settleability 589:601 arg1 contents 508:515 contents 508:515 contents 508:515 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 5 16 theme d 882:882 arg1 SRT 870:872 SRT 870:872 SRT of 5-40 d 870:882 SRT of 5-40 d had no significant effects on the SVI of yeast cells, however, longer SRT (>20 d) resulted in the increase of mycelial cells and a tendency to produce the filamentous bulking. 29965154 3 17 theme removal 474:480 arg1 efficiency 482:491 the removal efficiency 470:491 the removal efficiency of pollutants 470:505 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 4 18 theme recommended 672:682 arg1 SRT 684:686 the recommended SRT 668:686 the recommended SRT 668:686 The results showed that the recommended SRT was 5-10 d for the yeast-SBR system; Higher SRT led to decrease of COD removal rate and content of EPS; the tightly-bounded EPS was the major one which consisted of polysaccharides. 29965154 4 18 theme recommended 672:682 arg1 d 697:697 5-10 d 692:697 5-10 d 692:697 The results showed that the recommended SRT was 5-10 d for the yeast-SBR system; Higher SRT led to decrease of COD removal rate and content of EPS; the tightly-bounded EPS was the major one which consisted of polysaccharides. 29965154 7 19 theme shorter 1239:1245 arg1 SRT 1247:1249 shorter SRT 1239:1249 shorter SRT 1239:1249 To conclude, shorter SRT was favorable for the system stability in treating oil-containing wastewater by yeasts. 29965154 3 20 theme oil-containing 342:355 arg1 wastewater 357:366 oil-containing wastewater 342:366 oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) 342:400 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 5 21 theme mycelial 994:1001 arg1 cells 1003:1007 mycelial cells 994:1007 mycelial cells 994:1007 SRT of 5-40 d had no significant effects on the SVI of yeast cells, however, longer SRT (>20 d) resulted in the increase of mycelial cells and a tendency to produce the filamentous bulking. 29965154 1 22 theme retention 88:96 arg1 parameter 121:129 a crucial parameter 111:129 a crucial parameter to influence the stability of biological wastewater treatment systems 111:199 Sludge retention time(SRT) is a crucial parameter to influence the stability of biological wastewater treatment systems. 29965154 1 22 theme retention 88:96 arg1 SRT 103:105 SRT 103:105 SRT 103:105 Sludge retention time(SRT) is a crucial parameter to influence the stability of biological wastewater treatment systems. 29965154 1 22 theme retention 88:96 arg1 time 98:101 Sludge retention time 81:101 Sludge retention time(SRT) 81:106 Sludge retention time(SRT) is a crucial parameter to influence the stability of biological wastewater treatment systems. 29965154 2 23 from effects 218:224 arg1 treatment 253:261 yeast-wastewater treatment 236:261 yeast-wastewater treatment 236:261 Especially, the effects of SRT on yeast-wastewater treatment remain unclear. 29965154 3 24 theme sludge 421:426 arg1 time 438:441 sludge retention time 421:441 sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) 421:465 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 1 25 theme Sludge 81:86 arg1 parameter 121:129 a crucial parameter 111:129 a crucial parameter to influence the stability of biological wastewater treatment systems 111:199 Sludge retention time(SRT) is a crucial parameter to influence the stability of biological wastewater treatment systems. 29965154 1 25 theme Sludge 81:86 arg1 SRT 103:105 SRT 103:105 SRT 103:105 Sludge retention time(SRT) is a crucial parameter to influence the stability of biological wastewater treatment systems. 29965154 1 25 theme Sludge 81:86 arg1 time 98:101 Sludge retention time 81:101 Sludge retention time(SRT) 81:106 Sludge retention time(SRT) is a crucial parameter to influence the stability of biological wastewater treatment systems. 29965154 5 26 theme cells 1003:1007 arg1 increase 982:989 the increase 978:989 the increase of mycelial cells 978:1007 SRT of 5-40 d had no significant effects on the SVI of yeast cells, however, longer SRT (>20 d) resulted in the increase of mycelial cells and a tendency to produce the filamentous bulking. 29965154 5 26 theme cells 1003:1007 arg1 tendency 1015:1022 a tendency to produce the filamentous bulking 1013:1057 a tendency to produce the filamentous bulking 1013:1057 SRT of 5-40 d had no significant effects on the SVI of yeast cells, however, longer SRT (>20 d) resulted in the increase of mycelial cells and a tendency to produce the filamentous bulking. 29965154 3 27 theme substances 560:569 arg1 composition 521:531 composition 521:531 composition 521:531 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 3 27 theme substances 560:569 arg1 contents 508:515 contents 508:515 contents 508:515 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 5 28 theme longer 947:952 arg1 SRT 954:956 longer SRT 947:956 longer SRT (>20 d) 947:964 SRT of 5-40 d had no significant effects on the SVI of yeast cells, however, longer SRT (>20 d) resulted in the increase of mycelial cells and a tendency to produce the filamentous bulking. 29965154 5 28 theme longer 947:952 arg1 d 963:963 >20 d 959:963 >20 d 959:963 SRT of 5-40 d had no significant effects on the SVI of yeast cells, however, longer SRT (>20 d) resulted in the increase of mycelial cells and a tendency to produce the filamentous bulking. 29965154 1 29 theme wastewater 172:181 arg1 systems 193:199 biological wastewater treatment systems 161:199 biological wastewater treatment systems 161:199 Sludge retention time(SRT) is a crucial parameter to influence the stability of biological wastewater treatment systems. 29965154 5 30 theme yeast 925:929 arg1 cells 931:935 yeast cells 925:935 yeast cells 925:935 SRT of 5-40 d had no significant effects on the SVI of yeast cells, however, longer SRT (>20 d) resulted in the increase of mycelial cells and a tendency to produce the filamentous bulking. 29965154 3 31 theme pollutants 496:505 arg1 efficiency 482:491 the removal efficiency 470:491 the removal efficiency of pollutants 470:505 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 1 32 theme treatment 183:191 arg1 systems 193:199 biological wastewater treatment systems 161:199 biological wastewater treatment systems 161:199 Sludge retention time(SRT) is a crucial parameter to influence the stability of biological wastewater treatment systems. 29965154 6 33 theme long 1216:1219 arg1 SRT 1221:1223 the short and long SRT 1202:1223 the short and long SRT 1202:1223 In the continuous operation of SBR, three extraneous yeast strains capable of utilizing or degrading oil were identified in the systems under the short and long SRT. 29965154 4 34 theme tightly-bounded 796:810 arg1 one 830:832 the major one 820:832 the major one which consisted of polysaccharides 820:867 The results showed that the recommended SRT was 5-10 d for the yeast-SBR system; Higher SRT led to decrease of COD removal rate and content of EPS; the tightly-bounded EPS was the major one which consisted of polysaccharides. 29965154 4 34 theme tightly-bounded 796:810 arg1 EPS 812:814 the tightly-bounded EPS 792:814 the tightly-bounded EPS 792:814 The results showed that the recommended SRT was 5-10 d for the yeast-SBR system; Higher SRT led to decrease of COD removal rate and content of EPS; the tightly-bounded EPS was the major one which consisted of polysaccharides. 29965154 3 35 theme extracellular 536:548 arg1 substances 560:569 extracellular polymeric substances 536:569 extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) 536:574 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 3 35 theme extracellular 536:548 arg1 EPS 571:573 EPS 571:573 EPS 571:573 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 4 36 theme yeast-SBR 707:715 arg1 system 717:722 the yeast-SBR system 703:722 the yeast-SBR system 703:722 The results showed that the recommended SRT was 5-10 d for the yeast-SBR system; Higher SRT led to decrease of COD removal rate and content of EPS; the tightly-bounded EPS was the major one which consisted of polysaccharides. 29965154 3 37 from effects 410:416 arg1 efficiency 482:491 the removal efficiency 470:491 the removal efficiency of pollutants 470:505 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 3 37 from effects 410:416 arg1 reactors 388:395 sequencing batch reactors 371:395 sequencing batch reactors(SBR) 371:400 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 3 37 from effects 410:416 arg1 SBR 397:399 SBR 397:399 SBR 397:399 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 1 38 theme systems 193:199 arg1 stability 148:156 the stability 144:156 the stability of biological wastewater treatment systems 144:199 Sludge retention time(SRT) is a crucial parameter to influence the stability of biological wastewater treatment systems. 29965154 3 39 theme sequencing 371:380 arg1 SBR 397:399 SBR 397:399 SBR 397:399 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 3 39 theme sequencing 371:380 arg1 reactors 388:395 sequencing batch reactors 371:395 sequencing batch reactors(SBR) 371:400 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 6 40 theme capable 1127:1133 arg1 strains 1119:1125 three extraneous yeast strains 1096:1125 three extraneous yeast strains capable of utilizing or degrading oil 1096:1163 In the continuous operation of SBR, three extraneous yeast strains capable of utilizing or degrading oil were identified in the systems under the short and long SRT. 29965154 3 41 theme polymeric 550:558 arg1 substances 560:569 extracellular polymeric substances 536:569 extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) 536:574 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 3 41 theme polymeric 550:558 arg1 EPS 571:573 EPS 571:573 EPS 571:573 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 4 42 theme Higher 725:730 arg1 SRT 732:734 Higher SRT 725:734 Higher SRT 725:734 The results showed that the recommended SRT was 5-10 d for the yeast-SBR system; Higher SRT led to decrease of COD removal rate and content of EPS; the tightly-bounded EPS was the major one which consisted of polysaccharides. 29965154 3 43 from wastewater 357:366 arg1 efficiency 482:491 the removal efficiency 470:491 the removal efficiency of pollutants 470:505 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 3 43 from wastewater 357:366 arg1 reactors 388:395 sequencing batch reactors 371:395 sequencing batch reactors(SBR) 371:400 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 3 43 from wastewater 357:366 arg1 SBR 397:399 SBR 397:399 SBR 397:399 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 3 44 theme batch 382:386 arg1 SBR 397:399 SBR 397:399 SBR 397:399 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 3 44 theme batch 382:386 arg1 reactors 388:395 sequencing batch reactors 371:395 sequencing batch reactors(SBR) 371:400 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 7 45 theme oil-containing 1302:1315 arg1 wastewater 1317:1326 oil-containing wastewater 1302:1326 oil-containing wastewater 1302:1326 To conclude, shorter SRT was favorable for the system stability in treating oil-containing wastewater by yeasts. 29965154 5 46 theme significant 891:901 arg1 effects 903:909 no significant effects 888:909 no significant effects 888:909 SRT of 5-40 d had no significant effects on the SVI of yeast cells, however, longer SRT (>20 d) resulted in the increase of mycelial cells and a tendency to produce the filamentous bulking. 29965154 5 47 theme cells 931:935 arg1 SVI 918:920 the SVI 914:920 the SVI of yeast cells 914:935 SRT of 5-40 d had no significant effects on the SVI of yeast cells, however, longer SRT (>20 d) resulted in the increase of mycelial cells and a tendency to produce the filamentous bulking. 29965154 5 48 theme 5-40 877:880 arg1 d 882:882 5-40 d 877:882 5-40 d 877:882 SRT of 5-40 d had no significant effects on the SVI of yeast cells, however, longer SRT (>20 d) resulted in the increase of mycelial cells and a tendency to produce the filamentous bulking. 29965154 4 49 theme EPS 787:789 arg1 decrease 743:750 decrease 743:750 decrease of COD removal rate 743:770 The results showed that the recommended SRT was 5-10 d for the yeast-SBR system; Higher SRT led to decrease of COD removal rate and content of EPS; the tightly-bounded EPS was the major one which consisted of polysaccharides. 29965154 4 49 theme EPS 787:789 arg1 content 776:782 content 776:782 content of EPS 776:789 The results showed that the recommended SRT was 5-10 d for the yeast-SBR system; Higher SRT led to decrease of COD removal rate and content of EPS; the tightly-bounded EPS was the major one which consisted of polysaccharides. 29965154 3 50 theme yeast 577:581 arg1 cells 583:587 yeast cells 577:587 yeast cells settleability 577:601 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 3 51 theme time 438:441 arg1 wastewater 357:366 oil-containing wastewater 342:366 oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) 342:400 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 3 51 theme time 438:441 arg1 effects 410:416 the effects 406:416 the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants 406:505 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 6 52 theme extraneous 1102:1111 arg1 strains 1119:1125 three extraneous yeast strains 1096:1125 three extraneous yeast strains capable of utilizing or degrading oil 1096:1163 In the continuous operation of SBR, three extraneous yeast strains capable of utilizing or degrading oil were identified in the systems under the short and long SRT. 29965154 2 53 theme SRT 229:231 arg1 effects 218:224 the effects 214:224 the effects of SRT on yeast-wastewater treatment 214:261 Especially, the effects of SRT on yeast-wastewater treatment remain unclear. 29965154 5 54 contain had 884:886 arg2 effects 903:909 no significant effects 888:909 no significant effects 888:909 SRT of 5-40 d had no significant effects on the SVI of yeast cells, however, longer SRT (>20 d) resulted in the increase of mycelial cells and a tendency to produce the filamentous bulking. 29965154 5 54 contain had 884:886 arg1 SRT 870:872 SRT 870:872 SRT of 5-40 d 870:882 SRT of 5-40 d had no significant effects on the SVI of yeast cells, however, longer SRT (>20 d) resulted in the increase of mycelial cells and a tendency to produce the filamentous bulking. 29965154 5 55 theme filamentous 1039:1049 arg1 bulking 1051:1057 the filamentous bulking 1035:1057 the filamentous bulking 1035:1057 SRT of 5-40 d had no significant effects on the SVI of yeast cells, however, longer SRT (>20 d) resulted in the increase of mycelial cells and a tendency to produce the filamentous bulking. 29965154 0 56 theme Oil-containing 53:66 arg1 Wastewater 68:77 Oil-containing Wastewater 53:77 Oil-containing Wastewater 53:77 [Effect of SRT on Stability of Yeast-SBR in Treating Oil-containing Wastewater]. 29965154 1 57 theme biological 161:170 arg1 systems 193:199 biological wastewater treatment systems 161:199 biological wastewater treatment systems 161:199 Sludge retention time(SRT) is a crucial parameter to influence the stability of biological wastewater treatment systems. 29965154 6 58 theme short 1206:1210 arg1 SRT 1221:1223 the short and long SRT 1202:1223 the short and long SRT 1202:1223 In the continuous operation of SBR, three extraneous yeast strains capable of utilizing or degrading oil were identified in the systems under the short and long SRT. 29965154 3 59 theme yeast 306:310 arg1 strains 312:318 yeast strains 306:318 yeast strains 306:318 In this study, mixtures of yeast strains were applied to treat oil-containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBR) and the effects of sludge retention time(SRT as 5, 10, 20, 40 d) on the removal efficiency of pollutants, contents and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), yeast cells settleability and yeast communities were investigated. 29965154 7 60 theme system 1273:1278 arg1 stability 1280:1288 the system stability 1269:1288 the system stability in treating oil-containing wastewater by yeasts 1269:1336 To conclude, shorter SRT was favorable for the system stability in treating oil-containing wastewater by yeasts. 29965154 0 61 theme SRT 11:13 arg1 [Effect 0:6 [Effect 0:6 [Effect of SRT on Stability of Yeast-SBR in Treating Oil-containing Wastewater 0:77 [Effect of SRT on Stability of Yeast-SBR in Treating Oil-containing Wastewater]. 29965154 1 62 theme crucial 113:119 arg1 parameter 121:129 a crucial parameter 111:129 a crucial parameter to influence the stability of biological wastewater treatment systems 111:199 Sludge retention time(SRT) is a crucial parameter to influence the stability of biological wastewater treatment systems. 29965154 1 62 theme crucial 113:119 arg1 time 98:101 Sludge retention time 81:101 Sludge retention time(SRT) 81:106 Sludge retention time(SRT) is a crucial parameter to influence the stability of biological wastewater treatment systems. 29965154 6 63 theme SBR 1091:1093 arg1 operation 1078:1086 the continuous operation 1063:1086 the continuous operation of SBR 1063:1093 In the continuous operation of SBR, three extraneous yeast strains capable of utilizing or degrading oil were identified in the systems under the short and long SRT. 28626590 5 0 dep monosubstituted 1007:1021 arg1 R 1024:1024 R = -0.76 1024:1032 R = -0.76 1024:1032 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 2 1 theme enzyme 521:526 arg1 inhibition 528:537 enzyme inhibition 521:537 enzyme inhibition 521:537 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 2 2 from effect 372:377 arg1 activities 388:397 activities 388:397 activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase 388:428 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 2 2 from effect 372:377 arg1 potency 492:498 their inhibition potency 475:498 their inhibition potency 475:498 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 1 3 theme polysaccharides 132:146 arg1 effects 103:109 the effects 99:109 the effects of arabinoxylan (AX) polysaccharides on postprandial glucose response 99:179 The studies on the effects of arabinoxylan (AX) polysaccharides on postprandial glucose response have resulted in contrasting results owing to the diversity in AX structures. 28626590 5 4 theme xylose 937:942 arg1 R 858:858 R = -0.89 858:866 R = -0.89 858:866 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 5 4 theme xylose 937:942 arg1 R 897:897 R = -0.67 897:905 R = -0.67 897:905 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 5 4 theme xylose 937:942 arg1 ratio 890:894 arabinose to xylose ratio 870:894 arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67) 870:906 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 5 4 theme xylose 937:942 arg1 content 849:855 ferulic acid content 836:855 ferulic acid content (R = -0.89) 836:867 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 5 4 theme xylose 937:942 arg1 proportions 922:932 relative proportions 913:932 relative proportions of xylose 913:942 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 1 5 theme AX 244:245 arg1 structures 247:256 AX structures 244:256 AX structures 244:256 The studies on the effects of arabinoxylan (AX) polysaccharides on postprandial glucose response have resulted in contrasting results owing to the diversity in AX structures. 28626590 2 6 theme composition 460:470 arg1 influence 435:443 (b) influence 431:443 (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency 431:498 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 2 6 theme composition 460:470 arg1 effect 372:377 the effect 368:377 (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase 364:428 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 2 6 theme composition 460:470 arg1 kinetics 509:516 (c) kinetics 505:516 (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition 505:537 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 7 7 theme antiglycemic 1143:1154 arg1 properties 1156:1165 antiglycemic properties 1143:1165 antiglycemic properties of WEAX 1143:1173 Thus, our results suggest that antiglycemic properties of WEAX may be derived from direct inhibition of α-glucosidase activity. 28626590 6 8 theme inhibition 1095:1104 arg1 mode 1106:1109 an uncompetitive enzyme inhibition mode 1071:1109 an uncompetitive enzyme inhibition mode 1071:1109 The Lineweaver-Burk plot suggested an uncompetitive enzyme inhibition mode. 28626590 2 9 theme AX 282:283 arg1 extracts 292:299 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts 259:299 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran 259:337 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 5 10 theme = 1026:1026 arg1 R 1024:1024 R = -0.76 1024:1032 R = -0.76 1024:1032 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 2 11 theme chemical 451:458 arg1 composition 460:470 AX chemical composition 448:470 AX chemical composition 448:470 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 6 12 theme enzyme 1088:1093 arg1 mode 1106:1109 an uncompetitive enzyme inhibition mode 1071:1109 an uncompetitive enzyme inhibition mode 1071:1109 The Lineweaver-Burk plot suggested an uncompetitive enzyme inhibition mode. 28626590 2 13 theme extractable 270:280 arg1 extracts 292:299 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts 259:299 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran 259:337 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 7 14 attach derived 1182:1188 arg2 properties 1156:1165 antiglycemic properties 1143:1165 antiglycemic properties of WEAX 1143:1173 Thus, our results suggest that antiglycemic properties of WEAX may be derived from direct inhibition of α-glucosidase activity. 28626590 7 14 attach derived 1182:1188 arg1 inhibition 1202:1211 direct inhibition 1195:1211 direct inhibition of α-glucosidase activity 1195:1237 Thus, our results suggest that antiglycemic properties of WEAX may be derived from direct inhibition of α-glucosidase activity. 28626590 2 15 theme AX 448:449 arg1 composition 460:470 AX chemical composition 448:470 AX chemical composition 448:470 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 6 16 theme uncompetitive 1074:1086 arg1 mode 1106:1109 an uncompetitive enzyme inhibition mode 1071:1109 an uncompetitive enzyme inhibition mode 1071:1109 The Lineweaver-Burk plot suggested an uncompetitive enzyme inhibition mode. 28626590 2 17 used used 344:347 arg2 extracts 292:299 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts 259:299 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran 259:337 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 2 18 theme water 264:268 arg1 extracts 292:299 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts 259:299 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran 259:337 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 1 19 theme postprandial 151:162 arg1 response 172:179 postprandial glucose response 151:179 postprandial glucose response 151:179 The studies on the effects of arabinoxylan (AX) polysaccharides on postprandial glucose response have resulted in contrasting results owing to the diversity in AX structures. 28626590 2 20 dep kinetics 509:516 arg1 c 506:506 c 506:506 c 506:506 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 5 21 theme acid 844:847 arg1 R 858:858 R = -0.89 858:866 R = -0.89 858:866 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 5 21 theme acid 844:847 arg1 content 849:855 ferulic acid content 836:855 ferulic acid content (R = -0.89) 836:867 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 1 22 theme glucose 164:170 arg1 response 172:179 postprandial glucose response 151:179 postprandial glucose response 151:179 The studies on the effects of arabinoxylan (AX) polysaccharides on postprandial glucose response have resulted in contrasting results owing to the diversity in AX structures. 28626590 5 23 theme = 967:967 arg1 R 965:965 R = 0.69 965:972 R = 0.69 965:972 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 5 24 dep unsubstituted 950:962 arg1 R 965:965 R = 0.69 965:972 R = 0.69 965:972 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 4 25 theme α-glucosidase 673:685 arg1 activity 687:694 α-glucosidase activity 673:694 α-glucosidase activity 673:694 WEAX inhibited α-glucosidase activity only when maltose was used as a substrate but not sucrose. 28626590 5 26 theme ± 785:785 arg1 WEAX 774:777 WEAX 774:777 WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) 774:808 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 5 26 theme ± 785:785 arg1 0.5 mg/mL 799:807 4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL 780:807 4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL 780:807 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 0 27 theme Antiglycemic 0:11 arg1 Effect 13:18 Antiglycemic Effect 0:18 Antiglycemic Effect of Water Extractable Arabinoxylan from Wheat Aleurone and Bran. 0:82 Antiglycemic Effect of Water Extractable Arabinoxylan from Wheat Aleurone and Bran. 28626590 2 28 from kinetics 509:516 arg1 activities 388:397 activities 388:397 activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase 388:428 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 2 28 from kinetics 509:516 arg1 potency 492:498 their inhibition potency 475:498 their inhibition potency 475:498 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 2 29 theme inhibition 528:537 arg1 influence 435:443 (b) influence 431:443 (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency 431:498 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 2 29 theme inhibition 528:537 arg1 effect 372:377 the effect 368:377 (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase 364:428 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 2 29 theme inhibition 528:537 arg1 kinetics 509:516 (c) kinetics 505:516 (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition 505:537 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 1 30 from effects 103:109 arg1 response 172:179 postprandial glucose response 151:179 postprandial glucose response 151:179 The studies on the effects of arabinoxylan (AX) polysaccharides on postprandial glucose response have resulted in contrasting results owing to the diversity in AX structures. 28626590 5 31 theme 0.3-10.14 787:795 arg1 WEAX 774:777 WEAX 774:777 WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) 774:808 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 5 31 theme 0.3-10.14 787:795 arg1 0.5 mg/mL 799:807 4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL 780:807 4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL 780:807 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 0 32 theme Water 23:27 arg1 Arabinoxylan 41:52 Water Extractable Arabinoxylan 23:52 Water Extractable Arabinoxylan 23:52 Antiglycemic Effect of Water Extractable Arabinoxylan from Wheat Aleurone and Bran. 28626590 5 33 dep disubstituted 976:988 arg1 R 991:991 R = -0.63 991:999 R = -0.63 991:999 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 2 34 theme WEAX 286:289 arg1 extracts 292:299 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts 259:299 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran 259:337 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 7 35 theme direct 1195:1200 arg1 inhibition 1202:1211 direct inhibition 1195:1211 direct inhibition of α-glucosidase activity 1195:1237 Thus, our results suggest that antiglycemic properties of WEAX may be derived from direct inhibition of α-glucosidase activity. 28626590 5 36 theme IC50 759:762 arg1 values 764:769 The IC50 values 755:769 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) 755:808 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 2 37 theme AX 382:383 arg1 influence 435:443 (b) influence 431:443 (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency 431:498 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 2 37 theme AX 382:383 arg1 effect 372:377 the effect 368:377 (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase 364:428 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 2 37 theme AX 382:383 arg1 kinetics 509:516 (c) kinetics 505:516 (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition 505:537 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 2 38 theme inhibition 481:490 arg1 potency 492:498 their inhibition potency 475:498 their inhibition potency 475:498 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 7 39 theme α-glucosidase 1216:1228 arg1 activity 1230:1237 α-glucosidase activity 1216:1237 α-glucosidase activity 1216:1237 Thus, our results suggest that antiglycemic properties of WEAX may be derived from direct inhibition of α-glucosidase activity. 28626590 7 40 theme activity 1230:1237 arg1 inhibition 1202:1211 direct inhibition 1195:1211 direct inhibition of α-glucosidase activity 1195:1237 Thus, our results suggest that antiglycemic properties of WEAX may be derived from direct inhibition of α-glucosidase activity. 28626590 5 41 dep ratio 890:894 arg1 to 880:881 to 880:881 to 880:881 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 0 42 theme Arabinoxylan 41:52 arg1 Effect 13:18 Antiglycemic Effect 0:18 Antiglycemic Effect of Water Extractable Arabinoxylan from Wheat Aleurone and Bran. 0:82 Antiglycemic Effect of Water Extractable Arabinoxylan from Wheat Aleurone and Bran. 28626590 0 43 from Bran 78:81 arg1 Effect 13:18 Antiglycemic Effect 0:18 Antiglycemic Effect of Water Extractable Arabinoxylan from Wheat Aleurone and Bran. 0:82 Antiglycemic Effect of Water Extractable Arabinoxylan from Wheat Aleurone and Bran. 28626590 6 44 theme Lineweaver-Burk 1040:1054 arg1 plot 1056:1059 The Lineweaver-Burk plot 1036:1059 The Lineweaver-Burk plot 1036:1059 The Lineweaver-Burk plot suggested an uncompetitive enzyme inhibition mode. 28626590 1 45 theme contrasting 198:208 arg1 results 210:216 contrasting results 198:216 contrasting results owing to the diversity in AX structures 198:256 The studies on the effects of arabinoxylan (AX) polysaccharides on postprandial glucose response have resulted in contrasting results owing to the diversity in AX structures. 28626590 0 46 theme Extractable 29:39 arg1 Arabinoxylan 41:52 Water Extractable Arabinoxylan 23:52 Water Extractable Arabinoxylan 23:52 Antiglycemic Effect of Water Extractable Arabinoxylan from Wheat Aleurone and Bran. 28626590 2 47 theme α-glucosidase 416:428 arg1 activities 388:397 activities 388:397 activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase 388:428 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 2 48 from influence 435:443 arg1 activities 388:397 activities 388:397 activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase 388:428 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 2 48 from influence 435:443 arg1 potency 492:498 their inhibition potency 475:498 their inhibition potency 475:498 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 5 49 theme WEAX 774:777 arg1 values 764:769 The IC50 values 755:769 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) 755:808 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 0 50 theme Wheat 59:63 arg1 Aleurone 65:72 Wheat Aleurone 59:72 Wheat Aleurone 59:72 Antiglycemic Effect of Water Extractable Arabinoxylan from Wheat Aleurone and Bran. 28626590 0 51 from Aleurone 65:72 arg1 Effect 13:18 Antiglycemic Effect 0:18 Antiglycemic Effect of Water Extractable Arabinoxylan from Wheat Aleurone and Bran. 0:82 Antiglycemic Effect of Water Extractable Arabinoxylan from Wheat Aleurone and Bran. 28626590 5 52 theme = 899:899 arg1 R 897:897 R = -0.67 897:905 R = -0.67 897:905 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 5 52 theme = 899:899 arg1 ratio 890:894 arabinose to xylose ratio 870:894 arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67) 870:906 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 2 53 theme α-amylase 402:410 arg1 activities 388:397 activities 388:397 activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase 388:428 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 5 54 theme = 993:993 arg1 R 991:991 R = -0.63 991:999 R = -0.63 991:999 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 1 55 from diversity 231:239 arg1 structures 247:256 AX structures 244:256 AX structures 244:256 The studies on the effects of arabinoxylan (AX) polysaccharides on postprandial glucose response have resulted in contrasting results owing to the diversity in AX structures. 28626590 3 56 theme presence 597:604 arg1 fractions 611:619 the presence WEAX fractions 593:619 the presence WEAX fractions 593:619 α-Amylase activity was not significantly affected by the presence WEAX fractions regardless of type or concentration. 28626590 2 57 dep effect 372:377 arg1 a 365:365 a 365:365 a 365:365 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 2 58 theme wheat 315:319 arg1 aleurone 321:328 wheat aleurone 315:328 wheat aleurone 315:328 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 2 59 dep influence 435:443 arg1 b 432:432 b 432:432 b 432:432 Four water extractable AX (WEAX) extracts obtained from wheat aleurone and bran were used to investigate (a) the effect of AX on activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, (b) influence of AX chemical composition on their inhibition potency, and (c) kinetics of enzyme inhibition. 28626590 3 60 theme WEAX 606:609 arg1 fractions 611:619 the presence WEAX fractions 593:619 the presence WEAX fractions 593:619 α-Amylase activity was not significantly affected by the presence WEAX fractions regardless of type or concentration. 28626590 3 61 theme α-Amylase 540:548 arg1 activity 550:557 α-Amylase activity 540:557 α-Amylase activity 540:557 α-Amylase activity was not significantly affected by the presence WEAX fractions regardless of type or concentration. 28626590 1 62 theme arabinoxylan 114:125 arg1 polysaccharides 132:146 arabinoxylan (AX) polysaccharides 114:146 arabinoxylan (AX) polysaccharides 114:146 The studies on the effects of arabinoxylan (AX) polysaccharides on postprandial glucose response have resulted in contrasting results owing to the diversity in AX structures. 28626590 4 63 used used 718:721 arg2 maltose 706:712 maltose 706:712 maltose 706:712 WEAX inhibited α-glucosidase activity only when maltose was used as a substrate but not sucrose. 28626590 4 63 used used 718:721 arg2 sucrose 746:752 sucrose 746:752 a substrate but not sucrose 726:752 WEAX inhibited α-glucosidase activity only when maltose was used as a substrate but not sucrose. 28626590 4 63 used used 718:721 arg2 substrate 728:736 a substrate 726:736 a substrate but not sucrose 726:752 WEAX inhibited α-glucosidase activity only when maltose was used as a substrate but not sucrose. 28626590 5 64 theme = 860:860 arg1 R 858:858 R = -0.89 858:866 R = -0.89 858:866 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 5 64 theme = 860:860 arg1 content 849:855 ferulic acid content 836:855 ferulic acid content (R = -0.89) 836:867 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 5 65 theme ferulic 836:842 arg1 R 858:858 R = -0.89 858:866 R = -0.89 858:866 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 5 65 theme ferulic 836:842 arg1 content 849:855 ferulic acid content 836:855 ferulic acid content (R = -0.89) 836:867 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 5 66 theme relative 913:920 arg1 proportions 922:932 relative proportions 913:932 relative proportions of xylose 913:942 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 5 67 theme xylose 883:888 arg1 R 897:897 R = -0.67 897:905 R = -0.67 897:905 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 5 67 theme xylose 883:888 arg1 ratio 890:894 arabinose to xylose ratio 870:894 arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67) 870:906 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 1 68 theme AX 128:129 arg1 polysaccharides 132:146 arabinoxylan (AX) polysaccharides 114:146 arabinoxylan (AX) polysaccharides 114:146 The studies on the effects of arabinoxylan (AX) polysaccharides on postprandial glucose response have resulted in contrasting results owing to the diversity in AX structures. 28626590 1 69 from studies 88:94 arg1 effects 103:109 the effects 99:109 the effects of arabinoxylan (AX) polysaccharides on postprandial glucose response 99:179 The studies on the effects of arabinoxylan (AX) polysaccharides on postprandial glucose response have resulted in contrasting results owing to the diversity in AX structures. 28626590 5 70 theme arabinose 870:878 arg1 R 897:897 R = -0.67 897:905 R = -0.67 897:905 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 5 70 theme arabinose 870:878 arg1 ratio 890:894 arabinose to xylose ratio 870:894 arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67) 870:906 The IC50 values of WEAX (4.88 ± 0.3-10.14 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were highly correlated to ferulic acid content (R = -0.89), arabinose to xylose ratio (R = -0.67), and relative proportions of xylose being unsubstituted (R = 0.69), disubstituted (R = -0.63), and monosubstituted (R = -0.76). 28626590 7 71 theme WEAX 1170:1173 arg1 properties 1156:1165 antiglycemic properties 1143:1165 antiglycemic properties of WEAX 1143:1173 Thus, our results suggest that antiglycemic properties of WEAX may be derived from direct inhibition of α-glucosidase activity. 26661187 0 0 theme young 96:100 arg1 mice 115:118 young but not aged mice 96:118 young but not aged mice 96:118 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is activated in post-ischemic brains of young but not aged mice: Implications for impaired functional recovery from ischemic stress. 26661187 1 1 theme transient 307:315 arg1 ischemia 327:334 transient forebrain ischemia 307:334 transient forebrain ischemia 307:334 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 1 2 theme brains 238:243 arg1 response 226:233 the response 222:233 the response of brains to an ischemic challenge 222:268 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 1 3 theme forebrain 317:325 arg1 ischemia 327:334 transient forebrain ischemia 307:334 transient forebrain ischemia 307:334 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 2 4 theme mice 595:598 arg1 difference 559:568 The most prominent age-related difference 528:568 The most prominent age-related difference 528:568 The most prominent age-related difference was an inability of aged mice to activate O-GlcNAcylation. 26661187 2 4 theme mice 595:598 arg1 inability 577:585 an inability 574:585 an inability of aged mice to activate O-GlcNAcylation 574:626 The most prominent age-related difference was an inability of aged mice to activate O-GlcNAcylation. 26661187 1 5 theme ubiquitin 405:413 arg1 conjugation 415:425 ubiquitin conjugation 405:425 ubiquitin conjugation 405:425 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 3 6 theme aged 860:863 arg1 patients 865:872 aged patients 860:872 aged patients 860:872 Considering many reports on the protective role of O-GlcNAcylation in various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia, this pathway could be a promising target for therapeutic intervention to improve functional recovery of aged patients following brain ischemia. 26661187 3 7 theme various 699:705 arg1 conditions 714:723 various stress conditions 699:723 various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia 699:753 Considering many reports on the protective role of O-GlcNAcylation in various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia, this pathway could be a promising target for therapeutic intervention to improve functional recovery of aged patients following brain ischemia. 26661187 3 7 theme various 699:705 arg1 ischemia 746:753 myocardial ischemia 735:753 myocardial ischemia 735:753 Considering many reports on the protective role of O-GlcNAcylation in various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia, this pathway could be a promising target for therapeutic intervention to improve functional recovery of aged patients following brain ischemia. 26661187 2 8 theme aged 590:593 arg1 mice 595:598 aged mice 590:598 aged mice 590:598 The most prominent age-related difference was an inability of aged mice to activate O-GlcNAcylation. 26661187 3 9 theme functional 837:846 arg1 recovery 848:855 functional recovery 837:855 functional recovery of aged patients following brain ischemia 837:897 Considering many reports on the protective role of O-GlcNAcylation in various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia, this pathway could be a promising target for therapeutic intervention to improve functional recovery of aged patients following brain ischemia. 26661187 3 10 from reports 646:652 arg1 role 672:675 the protective role 657:675 the protective role of O-GlcNAcylation in various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia 657:753 Considering many reports on the protective role of O-GlcNAcylation in various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia, this pathway could be a promising target for therapeutic intervention to improve functional recovery of aged patients following brain ischemia. 26661187 1 11 mod modification 484:495 arg3 β-N-acetylglucosamine 462:482 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 453:495 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation) 453:525 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 1 11 mod modification 484:495 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 510:524 O-GlcNAcylation 510:524 O-GlcNAcylation 510:524 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 1 11 mod modification 484:495 arg1 proteins 500:507 proteins 500:507 proteins (O-GlcNAcylation) 500:525 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 1 12 theme ischemic 251:258 arg1 challenge 260:268 an ischemic challenge 248:268 an ischemic challenge 248:268 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 0 13 theme mice 115:118 arg1 brains 86:91 post-ischemic brains 72:91 post-ischemic brains of young but not aged mice 72:118 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is activated in post-ischemic brains of young but not aged mice: Implications for impaired functional recovery from ischemic stress. 26661187 1 14 theme SUMO 431:434 arg1 conjugation 436:446 SUMO conjugation 431:446 SUMO conjugation 431:446 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 0 15 theme aged 110:113 arg1 mice 115:118 young but not aged mice 96:118 young but not aged mice 96:118 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is activated in post-ischemic brains of young but not aged mice: Implications for impaired functional recovery from ischemic stress. 26661187 0 16 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 9:29 arg1 modification 31:42 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 0:42 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins 0:54 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is activated in post-ischemic brains of young but not aged mice: Implications for impaired functional recovery from ischemic stress. 26661187 3 17 theme myocardial 735:744 arg1 ischemia 746:753 myocardial ischemia 735:753 myocardial ischemia 735:753 Considering many reports on the protective role of O-GlcNAcylation in various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia, this pathway could be a promising target for therapeutic intervention to improve functional recovery of aged patients following brain ischemia. 26661187 0 18 theme O-linked 0:7 arg1 modification 31:42 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 0:42 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins 0:54 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is activated in post-ischemic brains of young but not aged mice: Implications for impaired functional recovery from ischemic stress. 26661187 2 19 theme age-related 547:557 arg1 difference 559:568 The most prominent age-related difference 528:568 The most prominent age-related difference 528:568 The most prominent age-related difference was an inability of aged mice to activate O-GlcNAcylation. 26661187 2 19 theme age-related 547:557 arg1 inability 577:585 an inability 574:585 an inability of aged mice to activate O-GlcNAcylation 574:626 The most prominent age-related difference was an inability of aged mice to activate O-GlcNAcylation. 26661187 0 20 link O-linked 0:7 arg1 modification 31:42 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 0:42 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins 0:54 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is activated in post-ischemic brains of young but not aged mice: Implications for impaired functional recovery from ischemic stress. 26661187 2 21 theme prominent 537:545 arg1 difference 559:568 The most prominent age-related difference 528:568 The most prominent age-related difference 528:568 The most prominent age-related difference was an inability of aged mice to activate O-GlcNAcylation. 26661187 2 21 theme prominent 537:545 arg1 inability 577:585 an inability 574:585 an inability of aged mice to activate O-GlcNAcylation 574:626 The most prominent age-related difference was an inability of aged mice to activate O-GlcNAcylation. 26661187 1 22 theme heat 354:357 arg1 response 365:372 the heat shock response 350:372 the heat shock response 350:372 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 3 23 theme promising 780:788 arg1 target 790:795 a promising target 778:795 a promising target for therapeutic intervention to improve functional recovery of aged patients following brain ischemia 778:897 Considering many reports on the protective role of O-GlcNAcylation in various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia, this pathway could be a promising target for therapeutic intervention to improve functional recovery of aged patients following brain ischemia. 26661187 3 23 theme promising 780:788 arg1 pathway 761:767 this pathway 756:767 this pathway 756:767 Considering many reports on the protective role of O-GlcNAcylation in various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia, this pathway could be a promising target for therapeutic intervention to improve functional recovery of aged patients following brain ischemia. 26661187 0 24 from stress 181:186 arg1 recovery 158:165 impaired functional recovery 138:165 impaired functional recovery from ischemic stress 138:186 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is activated in post-ischemic brains of young but not aged mice: Implications for impaired functional recovery from ischemic stress. 26661187 0 25 theme impaired 138:145 arg1 recovery 158:165 impaired functional recovery 138:165 impaired functional recovery from ischemic stress 138:186 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is activated in post-ischemic brains of young but not aged mice: Implications for impaired functional recovery from ischemic stress. 26661187 1 26 theme shock 359:363 arg1 response 365:372 the heat shock response 350:372 the heat shock response 350:372 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 0 27 theme proteins 47:54 arg1 modification 31:42 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 0:42 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins 0:54 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is activated in post-ischemic brains of young but not aged mice: Implications for impaired functional recovery from ischemic stress. 26661187 0 28 mod modification 31:42 arg3 β-N-acetylglucosamine 9:29 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 0:42 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins 0:54 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is activated in post-ischemic brains of young but not aged mice: Implications for impaired functional recovery from ischemic stress. 26661187 0 28 mod modification 31:42 arg1 proteins 47:54 proteins 47:54 proteins 47:54 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is activated in post-ischemic brains of young but not aged mice: Implications for impaired functional recovery from ischemic stress. 26661187 3 29 theme many 641:644 arg1 reports 646:652 many reports 641:652 many reports on the protective role of O-GlcNAcylation in various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia 641:753 Considering many reports on the protective role of O-GlcNAcylation in various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia, this pathway could be a promising target for therapeutic intervention to improve functional recovery of aged patients following brain ischemia. 26661187 1 30 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 462:482 arg1 modification 484:495 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 453:495 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation) 453:525 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 1 31 theme age 215:217 arg1 effect 205:210 the effect 201:210 the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge 201:268 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 1 32 theme young 284:288 arg1 mice 299:302 young and aged mice 284:302 young and aged mice 284:302 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 3 33 from role 672:675 arg1 conditions 714:723 various stress conditions 699:723 various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia 699:753 Considering many reports on the protective role of O-GlcNAcylation in various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia, this pathway could be a promising target for therapeutic intervention to improve functional recovery of aged patients following brain ischemia. 26661187 3 33 from role 672:675 arg1 ischemia 746:753 myocardial ischemia 735:753 myocardial ischemia 735:753 Considering many reports on the protective role of O-GlcNAcylation in various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia, this pathway could be a promising target for therapeutic intervention to improve functional recovery of aged patients following brain ischemia. 26661187 1 34 theme aged 294:297 arg1 mice 299:302 young and aged mice 284:302 young and aged mice 284:302 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 0 35 theme functional 147:156 arg1 recovery 158:165 impaired functional recovery 138:165 impaired functional recovery from ischemic stress 138:186 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is activated in post-ischemic brains of young but not aged mice: Implications for impaired functional recovery from ischemic stress. 26661187 1 36 theme unfolded 378:385 arg1 response 395:402 unfolded protein response 378:402 unfolded protein response 378:402 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 3 37 theme O-GlcNAcylation 680:694 arg1 role 672:675 the protective role 657:675 the protective role of O-GlcNAcylation in various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia 657:753 Considering many reports on the protective role of O-GlcNAcylation in various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia, this pathway could be a promising target for therapeutic intervention to improve functional recovery of aged patients following brain ischemia. 26661187 3 38 theme brain 884:888 arg1 ischemia 890:897 brain ischemia 884:897 brain ischemia 884:897 Considering many reports on the protective role of O-GlcNAcylation in various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia, this pathway could be a promising target for therapeutic intervention to improve functional recovery of aged patients following brain ischemia. 26661187 1 39 theme O-linked 453:460 arg1 modification 484:495 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 453:495 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation) 453:525 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 0 40 theme ischemic 172:179 arg1 stress 181:186 ischemic stress 172:186 ischemic stress 172:186 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is activated in post-ischemic brains of young but not aged mice: Implications for impaired functional recovery from ischemic stress. 26661187 1 41 theme protein 387:393 arg1 response 395:402 unfolded protein response 378:402 unfolded protein response 378:402 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 1 42 theme proteins 500:507 arg1 response 365:372 the heat shock response 350:372 the heat shock response 350:372 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 1 42 theme proteins 500:507 arg1 response 395:402 unfolded protein response 378:402 unfolded protein response 378:402 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 1 42 theme proteins 500:507 arg1 conjugation 415:425 ubiquitin conjugation 405:425 ubiquitin conjugation 405:425 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 1 42 theme proteins 500:507 arg1 conjugation 436:446 SUMO conjugation 431:446 SUMO conjugation 431:446 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 1 42 theme proteins 500:507 arg1 modification 484:495 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 453:495 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation) 453:525 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 1 43 from effect 205:210 arg1 response 226:233 the response 222:233 the response of brains to an ischemic challenge 222:268 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 3 44 theme protective 661:670 arg1 role 672:675 the protective role 657:675 the protective role of O-GlcNAcylation in various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia 657:753 Considering many reports on the protective role of O-GlcNAcylation in various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia, this pathway could be a promising target for therapeutic intervention to improve functional recovery of aged patients following brain ischemia. 26661187 3 45 theme patients 865:872 arg1 recovery 848:855 functional recovery 837:855 functional recovery of aged patients following brain ischemia 837:897 Considering many reports on the protective role of O-GlcNAcylation in various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia, this pathway could be a promising target for therapeutic intervention to improve functional recovery of aged patients following brain ischemia. 26661187 1 46 link O-linked 453:460 arg1 modification 484:495 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification 453:495 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation) 453:525 To evaluate the effect of age on the response of brains to an ischemic challenge, we subjected young and aged mice to transient forebrain ischemia, and analyzed the heat shock response and unfolded protein response, ubiquitin conjugation and SUMO conjugation, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). 26661187 3 47 theme therapeutic 801:811 arg1 intervention 813:824 therapeutic intervention 801:824 therapeutic intervention to improve functional recovery of aged patients following brain ischemia 801:897 Considering many reports on the protective role of O-GlcNAcylation in various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia, this pathway could be a promising target for therapeutic intervention to improve functional recovery of aged patients following brain ischemia. 26661187 0 48 theme post-ischemic 72:84 arg1 brains 86:91 post-ischemic brains 72:91 post-ischemic brains of young but not aged mice 72:118 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification of proteins is activated in post-ischemic brains of young but not aged mice: Implications for impaired functional recovery from ischemic stress. 26661187 3 49 theme stress 707:712 arg1 conditions 714:723 various stress conditions 699:723 various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia 699:753 Considering many reports on the protective role of O-GlcNAcylation in various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia, this pathway could be a promising target for therapeutic intervention to improve functional recovery of aged patients following brain ischemia. 26661187 3 49 theme stress 707:712 arg1 ischemia 746:753 myocardial ischemia 735:753 myocardial ischemia 735:753 Considering many reports on the protective role of O-GlcNAcylation in various stress conditions including myocardial ischemia, this pathway could be a promising target for therapeutic intervention to improve functional recovery of aged patients following brain ischemia. 25714624 5 0 theme HBP 1054:1056 arg1 activity 1058:1065 HBP activity 1054:1065 HBP activity 1054:1065 Hyperglycaemia, GlcN and hyperglycaemia + lipid treatments significantly increased HBP activity, increasing total O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins (P<0.0001). 25714624 8 1 theme O-GlcNAcylation 1518:1532 arg1 mechanism 1505:1513 the mechanism 1501:1513 the mechanism of O-GlcNAcylation and ER stress 1501:1546 These findings partially implicate the mechanism of O-GlcNAcylation and ER stress as likely contributors to compromised fertility of obese women. 25714624 8 1 theme O-GlcNAcylation 1518:1532 arg1 contributors 1558:1569 likely contributors 1551:1569 likely contributors to compromised fertility of obese women 1551:1609 These findings partially implicate the mechanism of O-GlcNAcylation and ER stress as likely contributors to compromised fertility of obese women. 25714624 5 2 link O-linked 1085:1092 arg1 glycosylation 1094:1106 total O-linked glycosylation 1079:1106 total O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins (P<0.0001) 1079:1147 Hyperglycaemia, GlcN and hyperglycaemia + lipid treatments significantly increased HBP activity, increasing total O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins (P<0.0001). 25714624 5 2 link O-linked 1085:1092 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1109:1123 O-GlcNAcylation 1109:1123 O-GlcNAcylation 1109:1123 Hyperglycaemia, GlcN and hyperglycaemia + lipid treatments significantly increased HBP activity, increasing total O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins (P<0.0001). 25714624 5 3 theme O-linked 1085:1092 arg1 glycosylation 1094:1106 total O-linked glycosylation 1079:1106 total O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins (P<0.0001) 1079:1147 Hyperglycaemia, GlcN and hyperglycaemia + lipid treatments significantly increased HBP activity, increasing total O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins (P<0.0001). 25714624 5 3 theme O-linked 1085:1092 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1109:1123 O-GlcNAcylation 1109:1123 O-GlcNAcylation 1109:1123 Hyperglycaemia, GlcN and hyperglycaemia + lipid treatments significantly increased HBP activity, increasing total O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins (P<0.0001). 25714624 8 4 theme stress 1541:1546 arg1 mechanism 1505:1513 the mechanism 1501:1513 the mechanism of O-GlcNAcylation and ER stress 1501:1546 These findings partially implicate the mechanism of O-GlcNAcylation and ER stress as likely contributors to compromised fertility of obese women. 25714624 8 4 theme stress 1541:1546 arg1 contributors 1558:1569 likely contributors 1551:1569 likely contributors to compromised fertility of obese women 1551:1609 These findings partially implicate the mechanism of O-GlcNAcylation and ER stress as likely contributors to compromised fertility of obese women. 25714624 3 5 from effects 781:787 arg1 development 799:809 embryo development 792:809 embryo development 792:809 In order to begin to understand how both glucose and lipid metabolic disruptions influence oocyte developmental competence, in the present study we exposed mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes to hyperglycaemia (30mM) and/or lipid (40μM) and examined the effects on embryo development. 25714624 3 6 theme lipid 585:589 arg1 disruptions 601:611 both glucose and lipid metabolic disruptions 568:611 both glucose and lipid metabolic disruptions 568:611 In order to begin to understand how both glucose and lipid metabolic disruptions influence oocyte developmental competence, in the present study we exposed mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes to hyperglycaemia (30mM) and/or lipid (40μM) and examined the effects on embryo development. 25714624 2 7 dep pathway 354:360 arg1 pathways 464:471 pathways 464:471 pathways 464:471 Previously, we demonstrated that, separately, upregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP; under hyperglycaemic conditions) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (due to hyperlipidaemia) pathways reduce blastocyst development and alter oocyte metabolism. 25714624 7 8 theme lipid 1439:1443 arg1 P<0.001 1456:1462 P<0.001 1456:1462 P<0.001 1456:1462 The expression of genes encoding the HBP enzymes glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (Gfpt2) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) was repressed following lipid treatment (P<0.001). 25714624 7 8 theme lipid 1439:1443 arg1 treatment 1445:1453 lipid treatment 1439:1453 lipid treatment (P<0.001) 1439:1463 The expression of genes encoding the HBP enzymes glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (Gfpt2) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) was repressed following lipid treatment (P<0.001). 25714624 8 9 theme likely 1551:1556 arg1 contributors 1558:1569 likely contributors 1551:1569 likely contributors to compromised fertility of obese women 1551:1609 These findings partially implicate the mechanism of O-GlcNAcylation and ER stress as likely contributors to compromised fertility of obese women. 25714624 8 9 theme likely 1551:1556 arg1 mechanism 1505:1513 the mechanism 1501:1513 the mechanism of O-GlcNAcylation and ER stress 1501:1546 These findings partially implicate the mechanism of O-GlcNAcylation and ER stress as likely contributors to compromised fertility of obese women. 25714624 7 10 theme fructose-6-phosphate 1314:1333 arg1 amidotransferase 1335:1350 fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 1314:1352 fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (Gfpt2) 1314:1360 The expression of genes encoding the HBP enzymes glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (Gfpt2) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) was repressed following lipid treatment (P<0.001). 25714624 7 10 theme fructose-6-phosphate 1314:1333 arg1 Gfpt2 1355:1359 Gfpt2 1355:1359 Gfpt2 1355:1359 The expression of genes encoding the HBP enzymes glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (Gfpt2) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) was repressed following lipid treatment (P<0.001). 25714624 1 11 theme Maternal 86:93 arg1 diabetes 95:102 Maternal diabetes 86:102 Maternal diabetes 86:102 Maternal diabetes and obesity are characterised by elevated blood glucose, insulin and lipids, resulting in upregulation of specific fuel-sensing and stress signalling pathways. 25714624 2 12 theme reticulum 417:425 arg1 stress 432:437 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress 405:437 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (due to hyperlipidaemia) 405:462 Previously, we demonstrated that, separately, upregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP; under hyperglycaemic conditions) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (due to hyperlipidaemia) pathways reduce blastocyst development and alter oocyte metabolism. 25714624 5 13 theme proteins 1129:1136 arg1 glycosylation 1094:1106 total O-linked glycosylation 1079:1106 total O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins (P<0.0001) 1079:1147 Hyperglycaemia, GlcN and hyperglycaemia + lipid treatments significantly increased HBP activity, increasing total O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins (P<0.0001). 25714624 5 13 theme proteins 1129:1136 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1109:1123 O-GlcNAcylation 1109:1123 O-GlcNAcylation 1109:1123 Hyperglycaemia, GlcN and hyperglycaemia + lipid treatments significantly increased HBP activity, increasing total O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins (P<0.0001). 25714624 2 14 theme blastocyst 480:489 arg1 development 491:501 blastocyst development 480:501 blastocyst development 480:501 Previously, we demonstrated that, separately, upregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP; under hyperglycaemic conditions) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (due to hyperlipidaemia) pathways reduce blastocyst development and alter oocyte metabolism. 25714624 1 15 theme signalling 243:252 arg1 pathways 254:261 stress signalling pathways 236:261 stress signalling pathways 236:261 Maternal diabetes and obesity are characterised by elevated blood glucose, insulin and lipids, resulting in upregulation of specific fuel-sensing and stress signalling pathways. 25714624 2 16 theme endoplasmic 405:415 arg1 ER 428:429 ER 428:429 ER 428:429 Previously, we demonstrated that, separately, upregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP; under hyperglycaemic conditions) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (due to hyperlipidaemia) pathways reduce blastocyst development and alter oocyte metabolism. 25714624 2 16 theme endoplasmic 405:415 arg1 reticulum 417:425 endoplasmic reticulum 405:425 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (due to hyperlipidaemia) 405:462 Previously, we demonstrated that, separately, upregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP; under hyperglycaemic conditions) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (due to hyperlipidaemia) pathways reduce blastocyst development and alter oocyte metabolism. 25714624 6 17 theme ER 1178:1179 arg1 pathways 1188:1195 ER stress pathways 1178:1195 ER stress pathways 1178:1195 All treatments also induced ER stress pathways, indicated by the expression of specific ER stress genes. 25714624 2 18 theme hexosamine 330:339 arg1 HBP 363:365 HBP 363:365 HBP; under hyperglycaemic conditions 363:398 Previously, we demonstrated that, separately, upregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP; under hyperglycaemic conditions) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (due to hyperlipidaemia) pathways reduce blastocyst development and alter oocyte metabolism. 25714624 2 18 theme hexosamine 330:339 arg1 pathway 354:360 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 326:360 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP; under hyperglycaemic conditions) 326:399 Previously, we demonstrated that, separately, upregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP; under hyperglycaemic conditions) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (due to hyperlipidaemia) pathways reduce blastocyst development and alter oocyte metabolism. 25714624 7 19 theme HBP 1292:1294 arg1 enzymes 1296:1302 the HBP enzymes 1288:1302 the HBP enzymes glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (Gfpt2) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) 1288:1413 The expression of genes encoding the HBP enzymes glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (Gfpt2) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) was repressed following lipid treatment (P<0.001). 25714624 8 20 theme obese 1599:1603 arg1 women 1605:1609 obese women 1599:1609 obese women 1599:1609 These findings partially implicate the mechanism of O-GlcNAcylation and ER stress as likely contributors to compromised fertility of obese women. 25714624 7 21 link O-linked 1366:1373 arg1 Ogt 1410:1412 Ogt 1410:1412 Ogt 1410:1412 The expression of genes encoding the HBP enzymes glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (Gfpt2) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) was repressed following lipid treatment (P<0.001). 25714624 7 21 link O-linked 1366:1373 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1375:1407 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1366:1407 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) 1366:1413 The expression of genes encoding the HBP enzymes glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (Gfpt2) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) was repressed following lipid treatment (P<0.001). 25714624 4 22 theme glucosamine 828:838 arg1 presence 816:823 The presence 812:823 The presence of glucosamine (GlcN; a hyperglycaemic mimetic) or increased lipid during in vitro maturation 812:917 The presence of glucosamine (GlcN; a hyperglycaemic mimetic) or increased lipid during in vitro maturation severely perturbed blastocyst development (P<0.05). 25714624 2 23 theme stress 432:437 arg1 upregulation 310:321 upregulation 310:321 upregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP; under hyperglycaemic conditions) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (due to hyperlipidaemia) pathways 310:471 Previously, we demonstrated that, separately, upregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP; under hyperglycaemic conditions) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (due to hyperlipidaemia) pathways reduce blastocyst development and alter oocyte metabolism. 25714624 4 24 dep GlcN 841:844 arg1 mimetic 864:870 mimetic 864:870 mimetic 864:870 The presence of glucosamine (GlcN; a hyperglycaemic mimetic) or increased lipid during in vitro maturation severely perturbed blastocyst development (P<0.05). 25714624 8 25 theme women 1605:1609 arg1 fertility 1586:1594 compromised fertility 1574:1594 compromised fertility of obese women 1574:1609 These findings partially implicate the mechanism of O-GlcNAcylation and ER stress as likely contributors to compromised fertility of obese women. 25714624 3 26 theme present 663:669 arg1 study 671:675 the present study 659:675 the present study 659:675 In order to begin to understand how both glucose and lipid metabolic disruptions influence oocyte developmental competence, in the present study we exposed mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes to hyperglycaemia (30mM) and/or lipid (40μM) and examined the effects on embryo development. 25714624 8 27 theme compromised 1574:1584 arg1 fertility 1586:1594 compromised fertility 1574:1594 compromised fertility of obese women 1574:1609 These findings partially implicate the mechanism of O-GlcNAcylation and ER stress as likely contributors to compromised fertility of obese women. 25714624 1 28 theme specific 210:217 arg1 fuel-sensing 219:230 specific fuel-sensing 210:230 specific fuel-sensing 210:230 Maternal diabetes and obesity are characterised by elevated blood glucose, insulin and lipids, resulting in upregulation of specific fuel-sensing and stress signalling pathways. 25714624 0 29 theme mouse 47:51 arg1 competence 74:83 mouse oocyte developmental competence 47:83 mouse oocyte developmental competence 47:83 Hyperglycaemia and lipid differentially impair mouse oocyte developmental competence. 25714624 5 30 theme lipid 1013:1017 arg1 treatments 1019:1028 lipid treatments 1013:1028 lipid treatments 1013:1028 Hyperglycaemia, GlcN and hyperglycaemia + lipid treatments significantly increased HBP activity, increasing total O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins (P<0.0001). 25714624 4 31 theme blastocyst 938:947 arg1 P<0.05 962:967 P<0.05 962:967 P<0.05 962:967 The presence of glucosamine (GlcN; a hyperglycaemic mimetic) or increased lipid during in vitro maturation severely perturbed blastocyst development (P<0.05). 25714624 4 31 theme blastocyst 938:947 arg1 development 949:959 blastocyst development 938:959 blastocyst development (P<0.05) 938:968 The presence of glucosamine (GlcN; a hyperglycaemic mimetic) or increased lipid during in vitro maturation severely perturbed blastocyst development (P<0.05). 25714624 7 32 dep enzymes 1296:1302 arg1 glutamine 1304:1312 glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (Gfpt2) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) 1304:1413 the HBP enzymes glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (Gfpt2) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) 1288:1413 The expression of genes encoding the HBP enzymes glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (Gfpt2) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) was repressed following lipid treatment (P<0.001). 25714624 6 33 theme genes 1248:1252 arg1 expression 1215:1224 the expression 1211:1224 the expression of specific ER stress genes 1211:1252 All treatments also induced ER stress pathways, indicated by the expression of specific ER stress genes. 25714624 1 34 theme fuel-sensing 219:230 arg1 upregulation 194:205 upregulation 194:205 upregulation of specific fuel-sensing and stress signalling pathways 194:261 Maternal diabetes and obesity are characterised by elevated blood glucose, insulin and lipids, resulting in upregulation of specific fuel-sensing and stress signalling pathways. 25714624 3 35 theme embryo 792:797 arg1 development 799:809 embryo development 792:809 embryo development 792:809 In order to begin to understand how both glucose and lipid metabolic disruptions influence oocyte developmental competence, in the present study we exposed mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes to hyperglycaemia (30mM) and/or lipid (40μM) and examined the effects on embryo development. 25714624 0 36 theme developmental 60:72 arg1 competence 74:83 mouse oocyte developmental competence 47:83 mouse oocyte developmental competence 47:83 Hyperglycaemia and lipid differentially impair mouse oocyte developmental competence. 25714624 4 37 theme increased 876:884 arg1 lipid 886:890 increased lipid 876:890 increased lipid during in vitro maturation 876:917 The presence of glucosamine (GlcN; a hyperglycaemic mimetic) or increased lipid during in vitro maturation severely perturbed blastocyst development (P<0.05). 25714624 2 38 dep stress 432:437 arg1 due 440:442 due 440:442 due 440:442 Previously, we demonstrated that, separately, upregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP; under hyperglycaemic conditions) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (due to hyperlipidaemia) pathways reduce blastocyst development and alter oocyte metabolism. 25714624 7 39 theme genes 1273:1277 arg1 expression 1259:1268 The expression 1255:1268 The expression of genes encoding the HBP enzymes glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (Gfpt2) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) 1255:1413 The expression of genes encoding the HBP enzymes glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (Gfpt2) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) was repressed following lipid treatment (P<0.001). 25714624 0 40 theme oocyte 53:58 arg1 competence 74:83 mouse oocyte developmental competence 47:83 mouse oocyte developmental competence 47:83 Hyperglycaemia and lipid differentially impair mouse oocyte developmental competence. 25714624 4 41 theme lipid 886:890 arg1 presence 816:823 The presence 812:823 The presence of glucosamine (GlcN; a hyperglycaemic mimetic) or increased lipid during in vitro maturation 812:917 The presence of glucosamine (GlcN; a hyperglycaemic mimetic) or increased lipid during in vitro maturation severely perturbed blastocyst development (P<0.05). 25714624 3 42 theme mouse 688:692 arg1 complexes 709:717 mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes 688:717 mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes 688:717 In order to begin to understand how both glucose and lipid metabolic disruptions influence oocyte developmental competence, in the present study we exposed mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes to hyperglycaemia (30mM) and/or lipid (40μM) and examined the effects on embryo development. 25714624 3 43 theme metabolic 591:599 arg1 disruptions 601:611 both glucose and lipid metabolic disruptions 568:611 both glucose and lipid metabolic disruptions 568:611 In order to begin to understand how both glucose and lipid metabolic disruptions influence oocyte developmental competence, in the present study we exposed mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes to hyperglycaemia (30mM) and/or lipid (40μM) and examined the effects on embryo development. 25714624 1 44 theme elevated 137:144 arg1 glucose 152:158 elevated blood glucose 137:158 elevated blood glucose 137:158 Maternal diabetes and obesity are characterised by elevated blood glucose, insulin and lipids, resulting in upregulation of specific fuel-sensing and stress signalling pathways. 25714624 5 45 gly glycosylation 1094:1106 arg1 proteins 1129:1136 proteins 1129:1136 proteins (P<0.0001) 1129:1147 Hyperglycaemia, GlcN and hyperglycaemia + lipid treatments significantly increased HBP activity, increasing total O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins (P<0.0001). 25714624 5 45 gly glycosylation 1094:1106 arg1 P<0.0001 1139:1146 P<0.0001 1139:1146 P<0.0001 1139:1146 Hyperglycaemia, GlcN and hyperglycaemia + lipid treatments significantly increased HBP activity, increasing total O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins (P<0.0001). 25714624 3 46 theme glucose 573:579 arg1 disruptions 601:611 both glucose and lipid metabolic disruptions 568:611 both glucose and lipid metabolic disruptions 568:611 In order to begin to understand how both glucose and lipid metabolic disruptions influence oocyte developmental competence, in the present study we exposed mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes to hyperglycaemia (30mM) and/or lipid (40μM) and examined the effects on embryo development. 25714624 3 47 theme cumulus-oocyte 694:707 arg1 complexes 709:717 mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes 688:717 mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes 688:717 In order to begin to understand how both glucose and lipid metabolic disruptions influence oocyte developmental competence, in the present study we exposed mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes to hyperglycaemia (30mM) and/or lipid (40μM) and examined the effects on embryo development. 25714624 7 48 theme O-linked 1366:1373 arg1 Ogt 1410:1412 Ogt 1410:1412 Ogt 1410:1412 The expression of genes encoding the HBP enzymes glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (Gfpt2) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) was repressed following lipid treatment (P<0.001). 25714624 7 48 theme O-linked 1366:1373 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1375:1407 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1366:1407 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) 1366:1413 The expression of genes encoding the HBP enzymes glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (Gfpt2) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) was repressed following lipid treatment (P<0.001). 25714624 6 49 theme stress 1241:1246 arg1 genes 1248:1252 specific ER stress genes 1229:1252 specific ER stress genes 1229:1252 All treatments also induced ER stress pathways, indicated by the expression of specific ER stress genes. 25714624 1 50 theme blood 146:150 arg1 glucose 152:158 elevated blood glucose 137:158 elevated blood glucose 137:158 Maternal diabetes and obesity are characterised by elevated blood glucose, insulin and lipids, resulting in upregulation of specific fuel-sensing and stress signalling pathways. 25714624 1 51 theme stress 236:241 arg1 pathways 254:261 stress signalling pathways 236:261 stress signalling pathways 236:261 Maternal diabetes and obesity are characterised by elevated blood glucose, insulin and lipids, resulting in upregulation of specific fuel-sensing and stress signalling pathways. 25714624 4 52 theme in 899:900 arg1 maturation 908:917 in vitro maturation 899:917 in vitro maturation 899:917 The presence of glucosamine (GlcN; a hyperglycaemic mimetic) or increased lipid during in vitro maturation severely perturbed blastocyst development (P<0.05). 25714624 6 53 theme ER 1238:1239 arg1 genes 1248:1252 specific ER stress genes 1229:1252 specific ER stress genes 1229:1252 All treatments also induced ER stress pathways, indicated by the expression of specific ER stress genes. 25714624 7 54 dep glutamine 1304:1312 arg1 Ogt 1410:1412 Ogt 1410:1412 Ogt 1410:1412 The expression of genes encoding the HBP enzymes glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (Gfpt2) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) was repressed following lipid treatment (P<0.001). 25714624 7 54 dep glutamine 1304:1312 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1375:1407 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1366:1407 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) 1366:1413 The expression of genes encoding the HBP enzymes glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (Gfpt2) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) was repressed following lipid treatment (P<0.001). 25714624 7 54 dep glutamine 1304:1312 arg1 amidotransferase 1335:1350 fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 1314:1352 fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (Gfpt2) 1314:1360 The expression of genes encoding the HBP enzymes glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (Gfpt2) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) was repressed following lipid treatment (P<0.001). 25714624 7 54 dep glutamine 1304:1312 arg1 Gfpt2 1355:1359 Gfpt2 1355:1359 Gfpt2 1355:1359 The expression of genes encoding the HBP enzymes glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (Gfpt2) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) was repressed following lipid treatment (P<0.001). 25714624 2 55 theme biosynthetic 341:352 arg1 HBP 363:365 HBP 363:365 HBP; under hyperglycaemic conditions 363:398 Previously, we demonstrated that, separately, upregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP; under hyperglycaemic conditions) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (due to hyperlipidaemia) pathways reduce blastocyst development and alter oocyte metabolism. 25714624 2 55 theme biosynthetic 341:352 arg1 pathway 354:360 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 326:360 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP; under hyperglycaemic conditions) 326:399 Previously, we demonstrated that, separately, upregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP; under hyperglycaemic conditions) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (due to hyperlipidaemia) pathways reduce blastocyst development and alter oocyte metabolism. 25714624 2 56 theme pathway 354:360 arg1 upregulation 310:321 upregulation 310:321 upregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP; under hyperglycaemic conditions) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (due to hyperlipidaemia) pathways 310:471 Previously, we demonstrated that, separately, upregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP; under hyperglycaemic conditions) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (due to hyperlipidaemia) pathways reduce blastocyst development and alter oocyte metabolism. 25714624 2 57 theme oocyte 513:518 arg1 metabolism 520:529 oocyte metabolism 513:529 oocyte metabolism 513:529 Previously, we demonstrated that, separately, upregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP; under hyperglycaemic conditions) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (due to hyperlipidaemia) pathways reduce blastocyst development and alter oocyte metabolism. 25714624 5 58 theme total 1079:1083 arg1 glycosylation 1094:1106 total O-linked glycosylation 1079:1106 total O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins (P<0.0001) 1079:1147 Hyperglycaemia, GlcN and hyperglycaemia + lipid treatments significantly increased HBP activity, increasing total O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins (P<0.0001). 25714624 5 58 theme total 1079:1083 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1109:1123 O-GlcNAcylation 1109:1123 O-GlcNAcylation 1109:1123 Hyperglycaemia, GlcN and hyperglycaemia + lipid treatments significantly increased HBP activity, increasing total O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins (P<0.0001). 25714624 3 59 theme oocyte 623:628 arg1 competence 644:653 oocyte developmental competence 623:653 oocyte developmental competence 623:653 In order to begin to understand how both glucose and lipid metabolic disruptions influence oocyte developmental competence, in the present study we exposed mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes to hyperglycaemia (30mM) and/or lipid (40μM) and examined the effects on embryo development. 25714624 6 60 theme stress 1181:1186 arg1 pathways 1188:1195 ER stress pathways 1178:1195 ER stress pathways 1178:1195 All treatments also induced ER stress pathways, indicated by the expression of specific ER stress genes. 25714624 1 61 theme pathways 254:261 arg1 upregulation 194:205 upregulation 194:205 upregulation of specific fuel-sensing and stress signalling pathways 194:261 Maternal diabetes and obesity are characterised by elevated blood glucose, insulin and lipids, resulting in upregulation of specific fuel-sensing and stress signalling pathways. 25714624 4 62 dep in 899:900 arg1 vitro 902:906 vitro 902:906 vitro 902:906 The presence of glucosamine (GlcN; a hyperglycaemic mimetic) or increased lipid during in vitro maturation severely perturbed blastocyst development (P<0.05). 25714624 8 63 theme ER 1538:1539 arg1 stress 1541:1546 ER stress 1538:1546 ER stress 1538:1546 These findings partially implicate the mechanism of O-GlcNAcylation and ER stress as likely contributors to compromised fertility of obese women. 25714624 3 64 theme developmental 630:642 arg1 competence 644:653 oocyte developmental competence 623:653 oocyte developmental competence 623:653 In order to begin to understand how both glucose and lipid metabolic disruptions influence oocyte developmental competence, in the present study we exposed mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes to hyperglycaemia (30mM) and/or lipid (40μM) and examined the effects on embryo development. 25714624 6 65 theme specific 1229:1236 arg1 genes 1248:1252 specific ER stress genes 1229:1252 specific ER stress genes 1229:1252 All treatments also induced ER stress pathways, indicated by the expression of specific ER stress genes. 25714624 2 66 theme hyperglycaemic 374:387 arg1 conditions 389:398 hyperglycaemic conditions 374:398 hyperglycaemic conditions 374:398 Previously, we demonstrated that, separately, upregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP; under hyperglycaemic conditions) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (due to hyperlipidaemia) pathways reduce blastocyst development and alter oocyte metabolism. 25601678 7 0 theme ether 1379:1383 arg1 atom 1392:1395 the ether oxygen atom 1375:1395 the ether oxygen atom 1375:1395 The calculations suggest that phenyl radical loss is driven by destabilizing steric (electrostatic repulsion) interactions between the ether oxygen atom and ortho-chlorines on the phenyl ring. 25601678 8 1 theme relevant 1594:1601 arg1 biomarkers 1603:1612 relevant biomarkers 1594:1612 relevant biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure 1594:1638 The distonic ion at m/z 281 represents a unique dissociation product for deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts and may prove useful for selective detection of relevant biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure by tandem mass spectrometry using selective reaction monitoring. 25601678 4 2 theme deprotonated 965:976 arg1 nucleobase 978:987 the deprotonated nucleobase 961:987 the deprotonated nucleobase 961:987 Fragmentation of the deprotonated nucleosides demonstrates that an unexpected homolytic cleavage of the ether linkage to release phenyl radicals and a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 competes effectively with commonly observed breakage of the glycosidic bond to release the deprotonated nucleobase. 25601678 1 3 theme 2'-deoxyguanosine 327:343 arg1 C8-site 316:322 the C8-site 312:322 the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to generate oxygen-linked C8-dG adducts 312:388 Chlorophenols are persistent organic pollutants, which undergo peroxidase-mediated oxidation to afford phenolic radical intermediates that react at the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to generate oxygen-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 1 3 theme 2'-deoxyguanosine 327:343 arg1 2'-deoxyguanosine 327:343 2'-deoxyguanosine 327:343 2'-deoxyguanosine 327:343 Chlorophenols are persistent organic pollutants, which undergo peroxidase-mediated oxidation to afford phenolic radical intermediates that react at the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to generate oxygen-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 4 4 theme bond 945:948 arg1 breakage 918:925 commonly observed breakage 900:925 commonly observed breakage of the glycosidic bond 900:948 Fragmentation of the deprotonated nucleosides demonstrates that an unexpected homolytic cleavage of the ether linkage to release phenyl radicals and a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 competes effectively with commonly observed breakage of the glycosidic bond to release the deprotonated nucleobase. 25601678 4 5 theme unexpected 753:762 arg1 cleavage 774:781 an unexpected homolytic cleavage 750:781 an unexpected homolytic cleavage of the ether linkage to release phenyl radicals and a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 750:872 Fragmentation of the deprotonated nucleosides demonstrates that an unexpected homolytic cleavage of the ether linkage to release phenyl radicals and a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 competes effectively with commonly observed breakage of the glycosidic bond to release the deprotonated nucleobase. 25601678 6 6 from breakage 1192:1199 arg1 adduct 1236:1241 the C8-dG adduct 1226:1241 the C8-dG adduct 1226:1241 Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that Cl-substitution decreases phenyl radical stability but promotes homolytic breakage of the C8-phenyl bond in the C8-dG adduct. 25601678 6 7 theme functional 1070:1079 arg1 calculations 1088:1099 Density functional theory calculations 1062:1099 Density functional theory calculations 1062:1099 Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that Cl-substitution decreases phenyl radical stability but promotes homolytic breakage of the C8-phenyl bond in the C8-dG adduct. 25601678 4 8 theme nucleosides 720:730 arg1 Fragmentation 686:698 Fragmentation 686:698 Fragmentation of the deprotonated nucleosides 686:730 Fragmentation of the deprotonated nucleosides demonstrates that an unexpected homolytic cleavage of the ether linkage to release phenyl radicals and a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 competes effectively with commonly observed breakage of the glycosidic bond to release the deprotonated nucleobase. 25601678 3 9 theme O-linked 662:669 arg1 adducts 677:683 such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts 648:683 such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts 648:683 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was employed to study collision induced dissociation (CID) for a family of such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 1 10 theme radical 276:282 arg1 intermediates 284:296 phenolic radical intermediates 267:296 phenolic radical intermediates that react at the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to generate oxygen-linked C8-dG adducts 267:388 Chlorophenols are persistent organic pollutants, which undergo peroxidase-mediated oxidation to afford phenolic radical intermediates that react at the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to generate oxygen-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 0 11 from adducts 85:91 arg1 loss 46:49 phenyl radical loss 31:49 phenyl radical loss from C8-phenoxy-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts: implications for biomarker identification from chlorophenol exposure 31:161 Chlorine substitution promotes phenyl radical loss from C8-phenoxy-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts: implications for biomarker identification from chlorophenol exposure. 25601678 4 12 theme linkage 796:802 arg1 cleavage 774:781 an unexpected homolytic cleavage 750:781 an unexpected homolytic cleavage of the ether linkage to release phenyl radicals and a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 750:872 Fragmentation of the deprotonated nucleosides demonstrates that an unexpected homolytic cleavage of the ether linkage to release phenyl radicals and a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 competes effectively with commonly observed breakage of the glycosidic bond to release the deprotonated nucleobase. 25601678 4 13 with radicals 822:829 arg1 m/z 866:868 m/z 281 866:872 m/z 281 866:872 Fragmentation of the deprotonated nucleosides demonstrates that an unexpected homolytic cleavage of the ether linkage to release phenyl radicals and a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 competes effectively with commonly observed breakage of the glycosidic bond to release the deprotonated nucleobase. 25601678 3 14 theme such 648:651 arg1 adducts 677:683 such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts 648:683 such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts 648:683 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was employed to study collision induced dissociation (CID) for a family of such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 4 15 theme release 807:813 arg1 radicals 822:829 release phenyl radicals 807:829 release phenyl radicals 807:829 Fragmentation of the deprotonated nucleosides demonstrates that an unexpected homolytic cleavage of the ether linkage to release phenyl radicals and a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 competes effectively with commonly observed breakage of the glycosidic bond to release the deprotonated nucleobase. 25601678 5 16 theme ring 1027:1030 arg1 chlorination 1000:1011 Increased chlorination 990:1011 Increased chlorination of the phenyl ring 990:1030 Increased chlorination of the phenyl ring enhances phenyl radical loss. 25601678 6 17 theme radical 1151:1157 arg1 stability 1159:1167 phenyl radical stability 1144:1167 phenyl radical stability 1144:1167 Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that Cl-substitution decreases phenyl radical stability but promotes homolytic breakage of the C8-phenyl bond in the C8-dG adduct. 25601678 3 18 theme adducts 677:683 arg1 family 638:643 a family 636:643 a family of such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts 636:683 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was employed to study collision induced dissociation (CID) for a family of such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 1 19 theme organic 193:199 arg1 Chlorophenols 164:176 Chlorophenols 164:176 Chlorophenols 164:176 Chlorophenols are persistent organic pollutants, which undergo peroxidase-mediated oxidation to afford phenolic radical intermediates that react at the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to generate oxygen-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 1 19 theme organic 193:199 arg1 pollutants 201:210 persistent organic pollutants 182:210 persistent organic pollutants 182:210 Chlorophenols are persistent organic pollutants, which undergo peroxidase-mediated oxidation to afford phenolic radical intermediates that react at the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to generate oxygen-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 8 20 theme tandem 1643:1648 arg1 spectrometry 1655:1666 tandem mass spectrometry 1643:1666 tandem mass spectrometry using selective reaction monitoring 1643:1702 The distonic ion at m/z 281 represents a unique dissociation product for deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts and may prove useful for selective detection of relevant biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure by tandem mass spectrometry using selective reaction monitoring. 25601678 4 21 theme distonic 848:855 arg1 ion 857:859 a nucleoside distonic ion 835:859 a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 835:872 Fragmentation of the deprotonated nucleosides demonstrates that an unexpected homolytic cleavage of the ether linkage to release phenyl radicals and a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 competes effectively with commonly observed breakage of the glycosidic bond to release the deprotonated nucleobase. 25601678 0 22 theme biomarker 111:119 arg1 identification 121:134 biomarker identification 111:134 biomarker identification from chlorophenol exposure 111:161 Chlorine substitution promotes phenyl radical loss from C8-phenoxy-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts: implications for biomarker identification from chlorophenol exposure. 25601678 8 23 theme selective 1674:1682 arg1 monitoring 1693:1702 selective reaction monitoring 1674:1702 selective reaction monitoring 1674:1702 The distonic ion at m/z 281 represents a unique dissociation product for deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts and may prove useful for selective detection of relevant biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure by tandem mass spectrometry using selective reaction monitoring. 25601678 8 24 theme dissociation 1485:1496 arg1 product 1498:1504 a unique dissociation product 1476:1504 a unique dissociation product for deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts 1476:1544 The distonic ion at m/z 281 represents a unique dissociation product for deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts and may prove useful for selective detection of relevant biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure by tandem mass spectrometry using selective reaction monitoring. 25601678 6 25 theme C8-phenyl 1208:1216 arg1 bond 1218:1221 the C8-phenyl bond 1204:1221 the C8-phenyl bond 1204:1221 Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that Cl-substitution decreases phenyl radical stability but promotes homolytic breakage of the C8-phenyl bond in the C8-dG adduct. 25601678 0 26 theme Chlorine 0:7 arg1 substitution 9:20 Chlorine substitution 0:20 Chlorine substitution 0:20 Chlorine substitution promotes phenyl radical loss from C8-phenoxy-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts: implications for biomarker identification from chlorophenol exposure. 25601678 5 27 theme phenyl 1041:1046 arg1 loss 1056:1059 phenyl radical loss 1041:1059 phenyl radical loss 1041:1059 Increased chlorination of the phenyl ring enhances phenyl radical loss. 25601678 2 28 theme chlorophenol 499:510 arg1 exposure 512:519 chlorophenol exposure 499:519 chlorophenol exposure 499:519 Such adducts are expected to contribute to chlorophenol toxicity and serve as effective dose biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure. 25601678 8 29 theme O-linked 1523:1530 arg1 adducts 1538:1544 deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts 1510:1544 deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts 1510:1544 The distonic ion at m/z 281 represents a unique dissociation product for deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts and may prove useful for selective detection of relevant biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure by tandem mass spectrometry using selective reaction monitoring. 25601678 3 30 theme mass 546:549 arg1 ESI-MS 565:570 ESI-MS 565:570 ESI-MS 565:570 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was employed to study collision induced dissociation (CID) for a family of such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 3 30 theme mass 546:549 arg1 spectrometry 551:562 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 522:562 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 522:571 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was employed to study collision induced dissociation (CID) for a family of such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 0 31 dep adducts 85:91 arg1 implications 94:105 implications 94:105 C8-phenoxy-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts: implications for biomarker identification from chlorophenol exposure 56:161 Chlorine substitution promotes phenyl radical loss from C8-phenoxy-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts: implications for biomarker identification from chlorophenol exposure. 25601678 6 32 theme homolytic 1182:1190 arg1 breakage 1192:1199 homolytic breakage 1182:1199 homolytic breakage of the C8-phenyl bond in the C8-dG adduct 1182:1241 Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that Cl-substitution decreases phenyl radical stability but promotes homolytic breakage of the C8-phenyl bond in the C8-dG adduct. 25601678 2 33 theme effective 469:477 arg1 adducts 396:402 Such adducts 391:402 Such adducts 391:402 Such adducts are expected to contribute to chlorophenol toxicity and serve as effective dose biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure. 25601678 2 33 theme effective 469:477 arg1 biomarkers 484:493 effective dose biomarkers 469:493 effective dose biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure 469:519 Such adducts are expected to contribute to chlorophenol toxicity and serve as effective dose biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure. 25601678 3 34 theme Electrospray 522:533 arg1 ESI-MS 565:570 ESI-MS 565:570 ESI-MS 565:570 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was employed to study collision induced dissociation (CID) for a family of such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 3 34 theme Electrospray 522:533 arg1 spectrometry 551:562 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 522:562 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 522:571 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was employed to study collision induced dissociation (CID) for a family of such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 0 35 theme radical 38:44 arg1 loss 46:49 phenyl radical loss 31:49 phenyl radical loss from C8-phenoxy-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts: implications for biomarker identification from chlorophenol exposure 31:161 Chlorine substitution promotes phenyl radical loss from C8-phenoxy-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts: implications for biomarker identification from chlorophenol exposure. 25601678 7 36 dep steric 1321:1326 arg1 repulsion 1343:1351 electrostatic repulsion 1329:1351 electrostatic repulsion 1329:1351 The calculations suggest that phenyl radical loss is driven by destabilizing steric (electrostatic repulsion) interactions between the ether oxygen atom and ortho-chlorines on the phenyl ring. 25601678 7 37 theme phenyl 1274:1279 arg1 loss 1289:1292 phenyl radical loss 1274:1292 phenyl radical loss 1274:1292 The calculations suggest that phenyl radical loss is driven by destabilizing steric (electrostatic repulsion) interactions between the ether oxygen atom and ortho-chlorines on the phenyl ring. 25601678 1 38 theme C8-dG 376:380 arg1 adducts 382:388 oxygen-linked C8-dG adducts 362:388 oxygen-linked C8-dG adducts 362:388 Chlorophenols are persistent organic pollutants, which undergo peroxidase-mediated oxidation to afford phenolic radical intermediates that react at the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to generate oxygen-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 7 39 theme phenyl 1424:1429 arg1 ring 1431:1434 the phenyl ring 1420:1434 the phenyl ring 1420:1434 The calculations suggest that phenyl radical loss is driven by destabilizing steric (electrostatic repulsion) interactions between the ether oxygen atom and ortho-chlorines on the phenyl ring. 25601678 1 40 link oxygen-linked 362:374 arg1 adducts 382:388 oxygen-linked C8-dG adducts 362:388 oxygen-linked C8-dG adducts 362:388 Chlorophenols are persistent organic pollutants, which undergo peroxidase-mediated oxidation to afford phenolic radical intermediates that react at the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to generate oxygen-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 2 41 theme Such 391:394 arg1 adducts 396:402 Such adducts 391:402 Such adducts 391:402 Such adducts are expected to contribute to chlorophenol toxicity and serve as effective dose biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure. 25601678 2 41 theme Such 391:394 arg1 biomarkers 484:493 effective dose biomarkers 469:493 effective dose biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure 469:519 Such adducts are expected to contribute to chlorophenol toxicity and serve as effective dose biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure. 25601678 8 42 theme selective 1571:1579 arg1 detection 1581:1589 selective detection 1571:1589 selective detection of relevant biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure 1571:1638 The distonic ion at m/z 281 represents a unique dissociation product for deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts and may prove useful for selective detection of relevant biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure by tandem mass spectrometry using selective reaction monitoring. 25601678 6 43 theme C8-dG 1230:1234 arg1 adduct 1236:1241 the C8-dG adduct 1226:1241 the C8-dG adduct 1226:1241 Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that Cl-substitution decreases phenyl radical stability but promotes homolytic breakage of the C8-phenyl bond in the C8-dG adduct. 25601678 0 44 from exposure 154:161 arg1 identification 121:134 biomarker identification 111:134 biomarker identification from chlorophenol exposure 111:161 Chlorine substitution promotes phenyl radical loss from C8-phenoxy-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts: implications for biomarker identification from chlorophenol exposure. 25601678 7 45 theme oxygen 1385:1390 arg1 atom 1392:1395 the ether oxygen atom 1375:1395 the ether oxygen atom 1375:1395 The calculations suggest that phenyl radical loss is driven by destabilizing steric (electrostatic repulsion) interactions between the ether oxygen atom and ortho-chlorines on the phenyl ring. 25601678 7 46 from atom 1392:1395 arg1 ring 1431:1434 the phenyl ring 1420:1434 the phenyl ring 1420:1434 The calculations suggest that phenyl radical loss is driven by destabilizing steric (electrostatic repulsion) interactions between the ether oxygen atom and ortho-chlorines on the phenyl ring. 25601678 3 47 theme induced 605:611 arg1 CID 627:629 CID 627:629 CID 627:629 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was employed to study collision induced dissociation (CID) for a family of such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 3 47 theme induced 605:611 arg1 dissociation 613:624 collision induced dissociation 595:624 collision induced dissociation (CID) for a family of such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts 595:683 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was employed to study collision induced dissociation (CID) for a family of such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 7 48 from ortho-chlorines 1401:1415 arg1 ring 1431:1434 the phenyl ring 1420:1434 the phenyl ring 1420:1434 The calculations suggest that phenyl radical loss is driven by destabilizing steric (electrostatic repulsion) interactions between the ether oxygen atom and ortho-chlorines on the phenyl ring. 25601678 1 49 theme peroxidase-mediated 227:245 arg1 oxidation 247:255 peroxidase-mediated oxidation 227:255 peroxidase-mediated oxidation 227:255 Chlorophenols are persistent organic pollutants, which undergo peroxidase-mediated oxidation to afford phenolic radical intermediates that react at the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to generate oxygen-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 6 50 theme theory 1081:1086 arg1 calculations 1088:1099 Density functional theory calculations 1062:1099 Density functional theory calculations 1062:1099 Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that Cl-substitution decreases phenyl radical stability but promotes homolytic breakage of the C8-phenyl bond in the C8-dG adduct. 25601678 4 51 theme glycosidic 934:943 arg1 bond 945:948 the glycosidic bond 930:948 the glycosidic bond 930:948 Fragmentation of the deprotonated nucleosides demonstrates that an unexpected homolytic cleavage of the ether linkage to release phenyl radicals and a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 competes effectively with commonly observed breakage of the glycosidic bond to release the deprotonated nucleobase. 25601678 4 52 with ion 857:859 arg1 m/z 866:868 m/z 281 866:872 m/z 281 866:872 Fragmentation of the deprotonated nucleosides demonstrates that an unexpected homolytic cleavage of the ether linkage to release phenyl radicals and a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 competes effectively with commonly observed breakage of the glycosidic bond to release the deprotonated nucleobase. 25601678 6 53 theme Density 1062:1068 arg1 calculations 1088:1099 Density functional theory calculations 1062:1099 Density functional theory calculations 1062:1099 Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that Cl-substitution decreases phenyl radical stability but promotes homolytic breakage of the C8-phenyl bond in the C8-dG adduct. 25601678 3 54 theme phenolic 653:660 arg1 adducts 677:683 such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts 648:683 such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts 648:683 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was employed to study collision induced dissociation (CID) for a family of such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 1 55 theme phenolic 267:274 arg1 intermediates 284:296 phenolic radical intermediates 267:296 phenolic radical intermediates that react at the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to generate oxygen-linked C8-dG adducts 267:388 Chlorophenols are persistent organic pollutants, which undergo peroxidase-mediated oxidation to afford phenolic radical intermediates that react at the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to generate oxygen-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 8 56 link O-linked 1523:1530 arg1 adducts 1538:1544 deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts 1510:1544 deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts 1510:1544 The distonic ion at m/z 281 represents a unique dissociation product for deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts and may prove useful for selective detection of relevant biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure by tandem mass spectrometry using selective reaction monitoring. 25601678 8 57 theme biomarkers 1603:1612 arg1 detection 1581:1589 selective detection 1571:1589 selective detection of relevant biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure 1571:1638 The distonic ion at m/z 281 represents a unique dissociation product for deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts and may prove useful for selective detection of relevant biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure by tandem mass spectrometry using selective reaction monitoring. 25601678 4 58 theme deprotonated 707:718 arg1 nucleosides 720:730 the deprotonated nucleosides 703:730 the deprotonated nucleosides 703:730 Fragmentation of the deprotonated nucleosides demonstrates that an unexpected homolytic cleavage of the ether linkage to release phenyl radicals and a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 competes effectively with commonly observed breakage of the glycosidic bond to release the deprotonated nucleobase. 25601678 8 59 theme chlorophenol 1618:1629 arg1 exposure 1631:1638 chlorophenol exposure 1618:1638 chlorophenol exposure 1618:1638 The distonic ion at m/z 281 represents a unique dissociation product for deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts and may prove useful for selective detection of relevant biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure by tandem mass spectrometry using selective reaction monitoring. 25601678 4 60 theme ether 790:794 arg1 linkage 796:802 the ether linkage 786:802 the ether linkage to release phenyl radicals and a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 786:872 Fragmentation of the deprotonated nucleosides demonstrates that an unexpected homolytic cleavage of the ether linkage to release phenyl radicals and a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 competes effectively with commonly observed breakage of the glycosidic bond to release the deprotonated nucleobase. 25601678 5 61 theme phenyl 1020:1025 arg1 ring 1027:1030 the phenyl ring 1016:1030 the phenyl ring 1016:1030 Increased chlorination of the phenyl ring enhances phenyl radical loss. 25601678 3 62 theme C8-dG 671:675 arg1 adducts 677:683 such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts 648:683 such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts 648:683 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was employed to study collision induced dissociation (CID) for a family of such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 1 63 theme persistent 182:191 arg1 Chlorophenols 164:176 Chlorophenols 164:176 Chlorophenols 164:176 Chlorophenols are persistent organic pollutants, which undergo peroxidase-mediated oxidation to afford phenolic radical intermediates that react at the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to generate oxygen-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 1 63 theme persistent 182:191 arg1 pollutants 201:210 persistent organic pollutants 182:210 persistent organic pollutants 182:210 Chlorophenols are persistent organic pollutants, which undergo peroxidase-mediated oxidation to afford phenolic radical intermediates that react at the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to generate oxygen-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 6 64 theme phenyl 1144:1149 arg1 stability 1159:1167 phenyl radical stability 1144:1167 phenyl radical stability 1144:1167 Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that Cl-substitution decreases phenyl radical stability but promotes homolytic breakage of the C8-phenyl bond in the C8-dG adduct. 25601678 8 65 theme mass 1650:1653 arg1 spectrometry 1655:1666 tandem mass spectrometry 1643:1666 tandem mass spectrometry using selective reaction monitoring 1643:1702 The distonic ion at m/z 281 represents a unique dissociation product for deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts and may prove useful for selective detection of relevant biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure by tandem mass spectrometry using selective reaction monitoring. 25601678 4 66 theme homolytic 764:772 arg1 cleavage 774:781 an unexpected homolytic cleavage 750:781 an unexpected homolytic cleavage of the ether linkage to release phenyl radicals and a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 750:872 Fragmentation of the deprotonated nucleosides demonstrates that an unexpected homolytic cleavage of the ether linkage to release phenyl radicals and a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 competes effectively with commonly observed breakage of the glycosidic bond to release the deprotonated nucleobase. 25601678 5 67 theme Increased 990:998 arg1 chlorination 1000:1011 Increased chlorination 990:1011 Increased chlorination of the phenyl ring 990:1030 Increased chlorination of the phenyl ring enhances phenyl radical loss. 25601678 7 68 theme electrostatic 1329:1341 arg1 repulsion 1343:1351 electrostatic repulsion 1329:1351 electrostatic repulsion 1329:1351 The calculations suggest that phenyl radical loss is driven by destabilizing steric (electrostatic repulsion) interactions between the ether oxygen atom and ortho-chlorines on the phenyl ring. 25601678 8 69 theme reaction 1684:1691 arg1 monitoring 1693:1702 selective reaction monitoring 1674:1702 selective reaction monitoring 1674:1702 The distonic ion at m/z 281 represents a unique dissociation product for deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts and may prove useful for selective detection of relevant biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure by tandem mass spectrometry using selective reaction monitoring. 25601678 4 70 theme nucleoside 837:846 arg1 ion 857:859 a nucleoside distonic ion 835:859 a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 835:872 Fragmentation of the deprotonated nucleosides demonstrates that an unexpected homolytic cleavage of the ether linkage to release phenyl radicals and a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 competes effectively with commonly observed breakage of the glycosidic bond to release the deprotonated nucleobase. 25601678 0 71 theme chlorophenol 141:152 arg1 exposure 154:161 chlorophenol exposure 141:161 chlorophenol exposure 141:161 Chlorine substitution promotes phenyl radical loss from C8-phenoxy-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts: implications for biomarker identification from chlorophenol exposure. 25601678 6 72 theme bond 1218:1221 arg1 breakage 1192:1199 homolytic breakage 1182:1199 homolytic breakage of the C8-phenyl bond in the C8-dG adduct 1182:1241 Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that Cl-substitution decreases phenyl radical stability but promotes homolytic breakage of the C8-phenyl bond in the C8-dG adduct. 25601678 8 73 theme unique 1478:1483 arg1 product 1498:1504 a unique dissociation product 1476:1504 a unique dissociation product for deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts 1476:1544 The distonic ion at m/z 281 represents a unique dissociation product for deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts and may prove useful for selective detection of relevant biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure by tandem mass spectrometry using selective reaction monitoring. 25601678 7 74 theme steric 1321:1326 arg1 interactions 1354:1365 steric (electrostatic repulsion) interactions 1321:1365 steric (electrostatic repulsion) interactions between the ether oxygen atom and ortho-chlorines on the phenyl ring 1321:1434 The calculations suggest that phenyl radical loss is driven by destabilizing steric (electrostatic repulsion) interactions between the ether oxygen atom and ortho-chlorines on the phenyl ring. 25601678 8 75 from m/z 1457:1459 arg1 ion 1450:1452 The distonic ion 1437:1452 The distonic ion at m/z 281 1437:1463 The distonic ion at m/z 281 represents a unique dissociation product for deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts and may prove useful for selective detection of relevant biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure by tandem mass spectrometry using selective reaction monitoring. 25601678 4 76 theme phenyl 815:820 arg1 radicals 822:829 release phenyl radicals 807:829 release phenyl radicals 807:829 Fragmentation of the deprotonated nucleosides demonstrates that an unexpected homolytic cleavage of the ether linkage to release phenyl radicals and a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 competes effectively with commonly observed breakage of the glycosidic bond to release the deprotonated nucleobase. 25601678 2 77 theme chlorophenol 434:445 arg1 toxicity 447:454 chlorophenol toxicity 434:454 chlorophenol toxicity 434:454 Such adducts are expected to contribute to chlorophenol toxicity and serve as effective dose biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure. 25601678 0 78 theme phenyl 31:36 arg1 loss 46:49 phenyl radical loss 31:49 phenyl radical loss from C8-phenoxy-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts: implications for biomarker identification from chlorophenol exposure 31:161 Chlorine substitution promotes phenyl radical loss from C8-phenoxy-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts: implications for biomarker identification from chlorophenol exposure. 25601678 8 79 theme distonic 1441:1448 arg1 ion 1450:1452 The distonic ion 1437:1452 The distonic ion at m/z 281 1437:1463 The distonic ion at m/z 281 represents a unique dissociation product for deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts and may prove useful for selective detection of relevant biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure by tandem mass spectrometry using selective reaction monitoring. 25601678 5 80 theme radical 1048:1054 arg1 loss 1056:1059 phenyl radical loss 1041:1059 phenyl radical loss 1041:1059 Increased chlorination of the phenyl ring enhances phenyl radical loss. 25601678 8 81 theme deprotonated 1510:1521 arg1 adducts 1538:1544 deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts 1510:1544 deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts 1510:1544 The distonic ion at m/z 281 represents a unique dissociation product for deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts and may prove useful for selective detection of relevant biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure by tandem mass spectrometry using selective reaction monitoring. 25601678 2 82 theme dose 479:482 arg1 adducts 396:402 Such adducts 391:402 Such adducts 391:402 Such adducts are expected to contribute to chlorophenol toxicity and serve as effective dose biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure. 25601678 2 82 theme dose 479:482 arg1 biomarkers 484:493 effective dose biomarkers 469:493 effective dose biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure 469:519 Such adducts are expected to contribute to chlorophenol toxicity and serve as effective dose biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure. 25601678 7 83 theme radical 1281:1287 arg1 loss 1289:1292 phenyl radical loss 1274:1292 phenyl radical loss 1274:1292 The calculations suggest that phenyl radical loss is driven by destabilizing steric (electrostatic repulsion) interactions between the ether oxygen atom and ortho-chlorines on the phenyl ring. 25601678 8 84 theme C8-dG 1532:1536 arg1 adducts 1538:1544 deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts 1510:1544 deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts 1510:1544 The distonic ion at m/z 281 represents a unique dissociation product for deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts and may prove useful for selective detection of relevant biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure by tandem mass spectrometry using selective reaction monitoring. 25601678 3 85 theme ionization 535:544 arg1 ESI-MS 565:570 ESI-MS 565:570 ESI-MS 565:570 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was employed to study collision induced dissociation (CID) for a family of such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 3 85 theme ionization 535:544 arg1 spectrometry 551:562 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 522:562 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 522:571 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was employed to study collision induced dissociation (CID) for a family of such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 0 86 theme C8-phenoxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 56:83 arg1 adducts 85:91 C8-phenoxy-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts 56:91 C8-phenoxy-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts: implications for biomarker identification from chlorophenol exposure 56:161 Chlorine substitution promotes phenyl radical loss from C8-phenoxy-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts: implications for biomarker identification from chlorophenol exposure. 25601678 1 87 theme oxygen-linked 362:374 arg1 adducts 382:388 oxygen-linked C8-dG adducts 362:388 oxygen-linked C8-dG adducts 362:388 Chlorophenols are persistent organic pollutants, which undergo peroxidase-mediated oxidation to afford phenolic radical intermediates that react at the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to generate oxygen-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 3 88 link O-linked 662:669 arg1 adducts 677:683 such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts 648:683 such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts 648:683 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was employed to study collision induced dissociation (CID) for a family of such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 4 89 theme observed 909:916 arg1 breakage 918:925 commonly observed breakage 900:925 commonly observed breakage of the glycosidic bond 900:948 Fragmentation of the deprotonated nucleosides demonstrates that an unexpected homolytic cleavage of the ether linkage to release phenyl radicals and a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 competes effectively with commonly observed breakage of the glycosidic bond to release the deprotonated nucleobase. 25601678 3 90 theme collision 595:603 arg1 CID 627:629 CID 627:629 CID 627:629 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was employed to study collision induced dissociation (CID) for a family of such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts. 25601678 3 90 theme collision 595:603 arg1 dissociation 613:624 collision induced dissociation 595:624 collision induced dissociation (CID) for a family of such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts 595:683 Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was employed to study collision induced dissociation (CID) for a family of such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts. 29189749 10 0 theme mechanisms 2052:2061 arg1 understanding 2018:2030 our understanding 2014:2030 our understanding of ecophysiological mechanisms of cold adaptation of arctic plants 2014:2097 Data thus obtained allow improving our understanding of ecophysiological mechanisms of cold adaptation of arctic plants. 29189749 6 1 theme array 975:979 arg1 detection 981:989 diode array detection 969:989 diode array detection 969:989 Phenolic compounds were identified using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides. 29189749 8 2 with antioxidants 1712:1723 arg1 properties 1664:1673 more fluid properties 1653:1673 more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils) 1653:1709 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 8 3 theme osmoprotectants 1759:1773 arg1 accumulation 1601:1612 the accumulation 1597:1612 the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides) 1597:1830 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 4 4 from nature 589:594 arg1 lipophilic 559:568 lipophilic 559:568 lipophilic 559:568 D. palmatum seedlings were grown in a greenhouse experiment at normal (20 °C, NT) and low (1 °C, LT) temperature levels and five groups of components that were lipophilic and hydrophilic in nature were characterized. 29189749 7 5 theme secretory 1394:1402 arg1 function 1404:1411 leaf surface secretory function 1381:1411 leaf surface secretory function 1381:1411 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 7 6 theme potential 1351:1359 arg1 polymers 1495:1502 membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1313:1502 membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1313:1502 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 7 7 theme osmoregulator 1459:1471 arg1 content 1473:1479 osmoregulator content 1459:1479 osmoregulator content 1459:1479 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 8 8 theme free 1776:1779 arg1 osmoprotectants 1759:1773 osmoprotectants 1759:1773 osmoprotectants (free sugars) 1759:1787 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 8 8 theme free 1776:1779 arg1 sugars 1781:1786 free sugars 1776:1786 free sugars 1776:1786 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 9 9 located found 1958:1962 arg1 addition 1836:1843 addition 1836:1843 addition 1836:1843 In addition, the occurrence of unusual flavonoids including two new isomeric malonyl esters of eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside was found in LT samples. 29189749 9 9 located found 1958:1962 arg1 samples 1970:1976 LT samples 1967:1976 LT samples 1967:1976 In addition, the occurrence of unusual flavonoids including two new isomeric malonyl esters of eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside was found in LT samples. 29189749 9 9 located found 1958:1962 arg2 occurrence 1850:1859 the occurrence 1846:1859 the occurrence of unusual flavonoids including two new isomeric malonyl esters of eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside 1846:1952 In addition, the occurrence of unusual flavonoids including two new isomeric malonyl esters of eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside was found in LT samples. 29189749 7 10 theme leaf 1381:1384 arg1 function 1404:1411 leaf surface secretory function 1381:1411 leaf surface secretory function 1381:1411 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 7 11 theme D. 1211:1212 arg1 seedlings 1223:1231 D. palmatum seedlings 1211:1231 D. palmatum seedlings 1211:1231 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 4 12 from lipophilic 559:568 arg1 nature 589:594 nature 589:594 nature 589:594 D. palmatum seedlings were grown in a greenhouse experiment at normal (20 °C, NT) and low (1 °C, LT) temperature levels and five groups of components that were lipophilic and hydrophilic in nature were characterized. 29189749 1 13 theme factors 161:167 arg1 influence 139:147 The influence 135:147 The influence of climatic factors, e.g., low temperature, on the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of the arctic plant Dracocephalum palmatum Steph 135:289 The influence of climatic factors, e.g., low temperature, on the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of the arctic plant Dracocephalum palmatum Steph. 29189749 7 14 theme fluidity 1371:1378 arg1 polymers 1495:1502 membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1313:1502 membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1313:1502 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 7 15 theme membrane 1313:1320 arg1 permeability 1322:1333 membrane permeability 1313:1333 membrane permeability 1313:1333 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 8 16 theme cell 1793:1796 arg1 polysaccharides 1815:1829 polysaccharides 1815:1829 polysaccharides 1815:1829 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 8 16 theme cell 1793:1796 arg1 components 1803:1812 cell wall components 1793:1812 cell wall components (polysaccharides) 1793:1830 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 2 17 theme ax 292:293 arg1 Willd 295:299 ax Willd 292:299 ax Willd. 292:300 ax Willd. 29189749 5 18 theme FA 781:782 arg1 domination 757:766 domination 757:766 domination of saturated FA (53.3%) 757:790 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 6 19 theme HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS 1049:1063 arg1 techniques 1066:1075 diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques 969:1075 diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques 969:1075 Phenolic compounds were identified using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides. 29189749 10 20 theme cold 2066:2069 arg1 adaptation 2071:2080 cold adaptation 2066:2080 cold adaptation of arctic plants 2066:2097 Data thus obtained allow improving our understanding of ecophysiological mechanisms of cold adaptation of arctic plants. 29189749 8 21 theme components 1803:1812 arg1 accumulation 1601:1612 the accumulation 1597:1612 the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides) 1597:1830 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 7 22 theme first 1151:1155 arg1 time 1157:1160 the first time 1147:1160 the first time 1147:1160 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 1 23 theme low 176:178 arg1 temperature 180:190 low temperature 176:190 low temperature 176:190 The influence of climatic factors, e.g., low temperature, on the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of the arctic plant Dracocephalum palmatum Steph. 29189749 8 24 theme components 1637:1646 arg1 accumulation 1601:1612 the accumulation 1597:1612 the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides) 1597:1830 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 1 25 dep composition 214:224 arg1 the 196:198 the 196:198 the 196:198 The influence of climatic factors, e.g., low temperature, on the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of the arctic plant Dracocephalum palmatum Steph. 29189749 7 26 theme biochemical 1282:1292 arg1 polymers 1495:1502 membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1313:1502 membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1313:1502 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 7 26 theme biochemical 1282:1292 arg1 parameters 1294:1303 physiological and biochemical parameters 1264:1303 physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1264:1502 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 6 27 theme performance 930:940 arg1 chromatography 949:962 high performance liquid chromatography 925:962 high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides 925:1140 Phenolic compounds were identified using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides. 29189749 5 28 theme acid 734:737 arg1 profile 744:750 specific fatty acid (FA) profile 719:750 specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) 719:790 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 28 theme acid 734:737 arg1 component 848:856 a main component 841:856 a main component (37.9%) 841:864 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 28 theme acid 734:737 arg1 content 683:689 high content 678:689 high content of photosynthetic pigments 678:716 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 28 theme acid 734:737 arg1 oil 810:812 the essential oil 796:812 the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone 796:836 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 8 29 theme unsaturated 1676:1686 arg1 FA 1688:1689 unsaturated FA 1676:1689 unsaturated FA 1676:1689 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 7 30 theme physiological 1264:1276 arg1 polymers 1495:1502 membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1313:1502 membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1313:1502 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 7 30 theme physiological 1264:1276 arg1 parameters 1294:1303 physiological and biochemical parameters 1264:1303 physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1264:1502 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 10 31 theme plants 2092:2097 arg1 adaptation 2071:2080 cold adaptation 2066:2080 cold adaptation of arctic plants 2066:2097 Data thus obtained allow improving our understanding of ecophysiological mechanisms of cold adaptation of arctic plants. 29189749 6 32 theme water 1112:1116 arg1 polysaccharides 1126:1140 water soluble polysaccharides 1112:1140 water soluble polysaccharides 1112:1140 Phenolic compounds were identified using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides. 29189749 9 33 theme unusual 1864:1870 arg1 esters 1918:1923 two new isomeric malonyl esters 1893:1923 two new isomeric malonyl esters of eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside 1893:1952 In addition, the occurrence of unusual flavonoids including two new isomeric malonyl esters of eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside was found in LT samples. 29189749 9 33 theme unusual 1864:1870 arg1 flavonoids 1872:1881 unusual flavonoids 1864:1881 unusual flavonoids including two new isomeric malonyl esters of eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside 1864:1952 In addition, the occurrence of unusual flavonoids including two new isomeric malonyl esters of eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside was found in LT samples. 29189749 3 34 theme palmate 303:309 arg1 dragonhead 311:320 palmate dragonhead) 303:321 palmate dragonhead) 303:321 (palmate dragonhead), a traditional food and medical herb of Northern Siberia, was investigated. 29189749 3 34 theme palmate 303:309 arg1 herb 355:358 a traditional food and medical herb 324:358 a traditional food and medical herb of Northern Siberia 324:378 (palmate dragonhead), a traditional food and medical herb of Northern Siberia, was investigated. 29189749 8 35 with components 1803:1812 arg1 properties 1664:1673 more fluid properties 1653:1673 more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils) 1653:1709 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 8 36 with components 1637:1646 arg1 properties 1664:1673 more fluid properties 1653:1673 more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils) 1653:1709 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 9 37 theme new 1897:1899 arg1 esters 1918:1923 two new isomeric malonyl esters 1893:1923 two new isomeric malonyl esters of eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside 1893:1952 In addition, the occurrence of unusual flavonoids including two new isomeric malonyl esters of eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside was found in LT samples. 29189749 1 38 from influence 139:147 arg1 bioactivity 230:240 bioactivity 230:240 bioactivity 230:240 The influence of climatic factors, e.g., low temperature, on the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of the arctic plant Dracocephalum palmatum Steph. 29189749 1 38 from influence 139:147 arg1 composition 214:224 phytochemical composition 200:224 phytochemical composition 200:224 The influence of climatic factors, e.g., low temperature, on the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of the arctic plant Dracocephalum palmatum Steph. 29189749 0 39 from Effect 0:5 arg1 Bioactivity 71:81 Bioactivity 71:81 Bioactivity 71:81 Effect of Low Temperature Cultivation on the Phytochemical Profile and Bioactivity of Arctic Plants: A Case of Dracocephalum palmatum. 29189749 0 39 from Effect 0:5 arg1 Profile 59:65 Phytochemical Profile 45:65 Phytochemical Profile 45:65 Effect of Low Temperature Cultivation on the Phytochemical Profile and Bioactivity of Arctic Plants: A Case of Dracocephalum palmatum. 29189749 9 40 theme malonyl 1910:1916 arg1 esters 1918:1923 two new isomeric malonyl esters 1893:1923 two new isomeric malonyl esters of eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside 1893:1952 In addition, the occurrence of unusual flavonoids including two new isomeric malonyl esters of eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside was found in LT samples. 29189749 0 41 theme Arctic 86:91 arg1 Plants 93:98 Arctic Plants 86:98 Arctic Plants 86:98 Effect of Low Temperature Cultivation on the Phytochemical Profile and Bioactivity of Arctic Plants: A Case of Dracocephalum palmatum. 29189749 7 42 theme wall 1490:1493 arg1 polymers 1495:1502 membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1313:1502 membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1313:1502 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 4 43 dep low 485:487 arg1 LT 496:497 LT 496:497 LT 496:497 D. palmatum seedlings were grown in a greenhouse experiment at normal (20 °C, NT) and low (1 °C, LT) temperature levels and five groups of components that were lipophilic and hydrophilic in nature were characterized. 29189749 4 43 dep low 485:487 arg1 °C 492:493 1 °C 490:493 1 °C 490:493 D. palmatum seedlings were grown in a greenhouse experiment at normal (20 °C, NT) and low (1 °C, LT) temperature levels and five groups of components that were lipophilic and hydrophilic in nature were characterized. 29189749 7 44 from changes 1253:1259 arg1 polymers 1495:1502 membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1313:1502 membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1313:1502 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 7 44 from changes 1253:1259 arg1 parameters 1294:1303 physiological and biochemical parameters 1264:1303 physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1264:1502 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 6 45 theme chromatography 949:962 arg1 combination 910:920 a combination 908:920 a combination of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides 908:1140 Phenolic compounds were identified using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides. 29189749 3 46 theme medical 347:353 arg1 herb 355:358 a traditional food and medical herb 324:358 a traditional food and medical herb of Northern Siberia 324:378 (palmate dragonhead), a traditional food and medical herb of Northern Siberia, was investigated. 29189749 3 46 theme medical 347:353 arg1 dragonhead 311:320 palmate dragonhead) 303:321 palmate dragonhead) 303:321 (palmate dragonhead), a traditional food and medical herb of Northern Siberia, was investigated. 29189749 4 47 theme greenhouse 437:446 arg1 experiment 448:457 a greenhouse experiment 435:457 a greenhouse experiment 435:457 D. palmatum seedlings were grown in a greenhouse experiment at normal (20 °C, NT) and low (1 °C, LT) temperature levels and five groups of components that were lipophilic and hydrophilic in nature were characterized. 29189749 8 48 with osmoprotectants 1759:1773 arg1 properties 1664:1673 more fluid properties 1653:1673 more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils) 1653:1709 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 5 49 theme fatty 728:732 arg1 FA 740:741 FA 740:741 FA 740:741 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 49 theme fatty 728:732 arg1 acid 734:737 fatty acid 728:737 specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) 719:790 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 1 50 theme arctic 249:254 arg1 Steph 285:289 the arctic plant Dracocephalum palmatum Steph 245:289 the arctic plant Dracocephalum palmatum Steph 245:289 The influence of climatic factors, e.g., low temperature, on the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of the arctic plant Dracocephalum palmatum Steph. 29189749 7 51 theme palmatum 1214:1221 arg1 seedlings 1223:1231 D. palmatum seedlings 1211:1231 D. palmatum seedlings 1211:1231 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 3 52 theme food 338:341 arg1 herb 355:358 a traditional food and medical herb 324:358 a traditional food and medical herb of Northern Siberia 324:378 (palmate dragonhead), a traditional food and medical herb of Northern Siberia, was investigated. 29189749 3 52 theme food 338:341 arg1 dragonhead 311:320 palmate dragonhead) 303:321 palmate dragonhead) 303:321 (palmate dragonhead), a traditional food and medical herb of Northern Siberia, was investigated. 29189749 5 53 with profile 744:750 arg1 trans-pinocamphone 819:836 trans-pinocamphone 819:836 trans-pinocamphone 819:836 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 53 with profile 744:750 arg1 domination 757:766 domination 757:766 domination of saturated FA (53.3%) 757:790 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 0 54 theme Low 10:12 arg1 Cultivation 26:36 Low Temperature Cultivation 10:36 Low Temperature Cultivation 10:36 Effect of Low Temperature Cultivation on the Phytochemical Profile and Bioactivity of Arctic Plants: A Case of Dracocephalum palmatum. 29189749 1 55 theme Dracocephalum 262:274 arg1 Steph 285:289 the arctic plant Dracocephalum palmatum Steph 245:289 the arctic plant Dracocephalum palmatum Steph 245:289 The influence of climatic factors, e.g., low temperature, on the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of the arctic plant Dracocephalum palmatum Steph. 29189749 7 56 theme content 1473:1479 arg1 polymers 1495:1502 membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1313:1502 membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1313:1502 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 0 57 dep Profile 59:65 arg1 the 41:43 the 41:43 the 41:43 Effect of Low Temperature Cultivation on the Phytochemical Profile and Bioactivity of Arctic Plants: A Case of Dracocephalum palmatum. 29189749 3 58 theme Siberia 372:378 arg1 herb 355:358 a traditional food and medical herb 324:358 a traditional food and medical herb of Northern Siberia 324:378 (palmate dragonhead), a traditional food and medical herb of Northern Siberia, was investigated. 29189749 3 58 theme Siberia 372:378 arg1 dragonhead 311:320 palmate dragonhead) 303:321 palmate dragonhead) 303:321 (palmate dragonhead), a traditional food and medical herb of Northern Siberia, was investigated. 29189749 0 59 theme Cultivation 26:36 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of Low Temperature Cultivation on the Phytochemical Profile and Bioactivity of Arctic Plants: A Case of Dracocephalum palmatum. 0:133 Effect of Low Temperature Cultivation on the Phytochemical Profile and Bioactivity of Arctic Plants: A Case of Dracocephalum palmatum. 29189749 1 60 theme Steph 285:289 arg1 bioactivity 230:240 bioactivity 230:240 bioactivity 230:240 The influence of climatic factors, e.g., low temperature, on the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of the arctic plant Dracocephalum palmatum Steph. 29189749 1 60 theme Steph 285:289 arg1 composition 214:224 phytochemical composition 200:224 phytochemical composition 200:224 The influence of climatic factors, e.g., low temperature, on the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of the arctic plant Dracocephalum palmatum Steph. 29189749 5 61 theme photosynthetic 694:707 arg1 pigments 709:716 photosynthetic pigments 694:716 photosynthetic pigments 694:716 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 7 62 theme cold 1191:1194 arg1 acclimation 1196:1206 the cold acclimation 1187:1206 the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings 1187:1231 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 4 63 dep normal 462:467 arg1 NT 477:478 NT 477:478 NT 477:478 D. palmatum seedlings were grown in a greenhouse experiment at normal (20 °C, NT) and low (1 °C, LT) temperature levels and five groups of components that were lipophilic and hydrophilic in nature were characterized. 29189749 4 63 dep normal 462:467 arg1 °C 473:474 20 °C 470:474 20 °C 470:474 D. palmatum seedlings were grown in a greenhouse experiment at normal (20 °C, NT) and low (1 °C, LT) temperature levels and five groups of components that were lipophilic and hydrophilic in nature were characterized. 29189749 1 64 dep Dracocephalum 262:274 arg1 palmatum 276:283 palmatum 276:283 palmatum 276:283 The influence of climatic factors, e.g., low temperature, on the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of the arctic plant Dracocephalum palmatum Steph. 29189749 7 65 theme species-antioxidant 1430:1448 arg1 balance 1450:1456 reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance 1414:1456 reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance 1414:1456 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 6 66 theme mass-spectrometric 1019:1036 arg1 techniques 1066:1075 diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques 969:1075 diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques 969:1075 Phenolic compounds were identified using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides. 29189749 7 67 theme various 1245:1251 arg1 changes 1253:1259 various changes 1245:1259 various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1245:1502 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 1 68 dep temperature 180:190 arg1 e.g. 170:173 e.g. 170:173 e.g. 170:173 The influence of climatic factors, e.g., low temperature, on the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of the arctic plant Dracocephalum palmatum Steph. 29189749 4 69 dep D. 399:400 arg1 palmatum 402:409 D. palmatum 399:409 D. palmatum seedlings 399:419 D. palmatum seedlings were grown in a greenhouse experiment at normal (20 °C, NT) and low (1 °C, LT) temperature levels and five groups of components that were lipophilic and hydrophilic in nature were characterized. 29189749 7 70 theme reactive 1414:1421 arg1 balance 1450:1456 reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance 1414:1456 reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance 1414:1456 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 6 71 theme electrospray 995:1006 arg1 ionization 1008:1017 electrospray ionization 995:1017 electrospray ionization 995:1017 Phenolic compounds were identified using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides. 29189749 4 72 theme temperature 500:510 arg1 levels 512:517 normal (20 °C, NT) and low (1 °C, LT) temperature levels 462:517 normal (20 °C, NT) and low (1 °C, LT) temperature levels 462:517 D. palmatum seedlings were grown in a greenhouse experiment at normal (20 °C, NT) and low (1 °C, LT) temperature levels and five groups of components that were lipophilic and hydrophilic in nature were characterized. 29189749 1 73 theme phytochemical 200:212 arg1 composition 214:224 phytochemical composition 200:224 phytochemical composition 200:224 The influence of climatic factors, e.g., low temperature, on the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of the arctic plant Dracocephalum palmatum Steph. 29189749 5 74 theme pigments 709:716 arg1 profile 744:750 specific fatty acid (FA) profile 719:750 specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) 719:790 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 74 theme pigments 709:716 arg1 component 848:856 a main component 841:856 a main component (37.9%) 841:864 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 74 theme pigments 709:716 arg1 oil 810:812 the essential oil 796:812 the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone 796:836 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 74 theme pigments 709:716 arg1 content 683:689 high content 678:689 high content of photosynthetic pigments 678:716 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 7 75 theme function 1404:1411 arg1 polymers 1495:1502 membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1313:1502 membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1313:1502 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 0 76 dep Effect 0:5 arg1 Case 103:106 A Case 101:106 Effect of Low Temperature Cultivation on the Phytochemical Profile and Bioactivity of Arctic Plants: A Case of Dracocephalum palmatum. 0:133 Effect of Low Temperature Cultivation on the Phytochemical Profile and Bioactivity of Arctic Plants: A Case of Dracocephalum palmatum. 29189749 6 77 theme detection 981:989 arg1 techniques 1066:1075 diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques 969:1075 diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques 969:1075 Phenolic compounds were identified using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides. 29189749 7 78 theme surface 1386:1392 arg1 function 1404:1411 leaf surface secretory function 1381:1411 leaf surface secretory function 1381:1411 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 6 79 theme diode 969:973 arg1 detection 981:989 diode array detection 969:989 diode array detection 969:989 Phenolic compounds were identified using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides. 29189749 10 80 theme ecophysiological 2035:2050 arg1 mechanisms 2052:2061 ecophysiological mechanisms 2035:2061 ecophysiological mechanisms of cold adaptation of arctic plants 2035:2097 Data thus obtained allow improving our understanding of ecophysiological mechanisms of cold adaptation of arctic plants. 29189749 8 81 theme D. 1560:1561 arg1 strategy 1548:1555 the adaptive strategy 1535:1555 the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT 1535:1579 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 8 82 theme membrane 1617:1624 arg1 components 1637:1646 membrane or surface components 1617:1646 components 1637:1646 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 1 83 theme climatic 152:159 arg1 factors 161:167 climatic factors 152:167 climatic factors 152:167 The influence of climatic factors, e.g., low temperature, on the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of the arctic plant Dracocephalum palmatum Steph. 29189749 7 84 theme membrane 1362:1369 arg1 fluidity 1371:1378 membrane fluidity 1362:1378 membrane fluidity 1362:1378 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 7 85 theme photosynthetic 1336:1349 arg1 potential 1351:1359 photosynthetic potential 1336:1359 photosynthetic potential 1336:1359 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 8 86 theme wall 1798:1801 arg1 polysaccharides 1815:1829 polysaccharides 1815:1829 polysaccharides 1815:1829 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 8 86 theme wall 1798:1801 arg1 components 1803:1812 cell wall components 1793:1812 cell wall components (polysaccharides) 1793:1830 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 8 87 theme surface 1629:1635 arg1 components 1637:1646 membrane or surface components 1617:1646 components 1637:1646 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 5 88 theme saturated 771:779 arg1 % 789:789 53.3% 785:789 53.3% 785:789 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 88 theme saturated 771:779 arg1 FA 781:782 saturated FA 771:782 saturated FA (53.3%) 771:790 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 7 89 theme permeability 1322:1333 arg1 polymers 1495:1502 membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1313:1502 membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1313:1502 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 10 90 theme adaptation 2071:2080 arg1 mechanisms 2052:2061 ecophysiological mechanisms 2035:2061 ecophysiological mechanisms of cold adaptation of arctic plants 2035:2097 Data thus obtained allow improving our understanding of ecophysiological mechanisms of cold adaptation of arctic plants. 29189749 9 91 theme isomeric 1901:1908 arg1 esters 1918:1923 two new isomeric malonyl esters 1893:1923 two new isomeric malonyl esters of eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside 1893:1952 In addition, the occurrence of unusual flavonoids including two new isomeric malonyl esters of eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside was found in LT samples. 29189749 0 92 theme palmatum 125:132 arg1 Case 103:106 A Case 101:106 Effect of Low Temperature Cultivation on the Phytochemical Profile and Bioactivity of Arctic Plants: A Case of Dracocephalum palmatum. 0:133 Effect of Low Temperature Cultivation on the Phytochemical Profile and Bioactivity of Arctic Plants: A Case of Dracocephalum palmatum. 29189749 8 93 theme fluid 1658:1662 arg1 properties 1664:1673 more fluid properties 1653:1673 more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils) 1653:1709 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 4 94 theme components 538:547 arg1 components 538:547 components 538:547 components that were lipophilic and hydrophilic in nature 538:594 D. palmatum seedlings were grown in a greenhouse experiment at normal (20 °C, NT) and low (1 °C, LT) temperature levels and five groups of components that were lipophilic and hydrophilic in nature were characterized. 29189749 4 94 theme components 538:547 arg1 groups 528:533 five groups 523:533 five groups of components that were lipophilic and hydrophilic in nature 523:594 D. palmatum seedlings were grown in a greenhouse experiment at normal (20 °C, NT) and low (1 °C, LT) temperature levels and five groups of components that were lipophilic and hydrophilic in nature were characterized. 29189749 6 95 theme soluble 1118:1124 arg1 polysaccharides 1126:1140 water soluble polysaccharides 1112:1140 water soluble polysaccharides 1112:1140 Phenolic compounds were identified using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides. 29189749 10 96 theme arctic 2085:2090 arg1 plants 2092:2097 arctic plants 2085:2097 arctic plants 2085:2097 Data thus obtained allow improving our understanding of ecophysiological mechanisms of cold adaptation of arctic plants. 29189749 5 97 theme essential 800:808 arg1 profile 744:750 specific fatty acid (FA) profile 719:750 specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) 719:790 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 97 theme essential 800:808 arg1 component 848:856 a main component 841:856 a main component (37.9%) 841:864 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 97 theme essential 800:808 arg1 content 683:689 high content 678:689 high content of photosynthetic pigments 678:716 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 97 theme essential 800:808 arg1 oil 810:812 the essential oil 796:812 the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone 796:836 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 98 dep D. 644:645 arg1 palmatum 647:654 D. palmatum 644:654 D. palmatum under NT 644:663 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 4 99 theme D. 399:400 arg1 seedlings 411:419 D. palmatum seedlings 399:419 D. palmatum seedlings 399:419 D. palmatum seedlings were grown in a greenhouse experiment at normal (20 °C, NT) and low (1 °C, LT) temperature levels and five groups of components that were lipophilic and hydrophilic in nature were characterized. 29189749 5 100 with content 683:689 arg1 trans-pinocamphone 819:836 trans-pinocamphone 819:836 trans-pinocamphone 819:836 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 100 with content 683:689 arg1 domination 757:766 domination 757:766 domination of saturated FA (53.3%) 757:790 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 9 101 theme flavonoids 1872:1881 arg1 occurrence 1850:1859 the occurrence 1846:1859 the occurrence of unusual flavonoids including two new isomeric malonyl esters of eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside 1846:1952 In addition, the occurrence of unusual flavonoids including two new isomeric malonyl esters of eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside was found in LT samples. 29189749 8 102 theme essential 1695:1703 arg1 oils 1705:1708 essential oils 1695:1708 essential oils 1695:1708 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 4 103 theme normal 462:467 arg1 levels 512:517 normal (20 °C, NT) and low (1 °C, LT) temperature levels 462:517 normal (20 °C, NT) and low (1 °C, LT) temperature levels 462:517 D. palmatum seedlings were grown in a greenhouse experiment at normal (20 °C, NT) and low (1 °C, LT) temperature levels and five groups of components that were lipophilic and hydrophilic in nature were characterized. 29189749 6 104 theme free 1089:1092 arg1 carbohydrates 1094:1106 free carbohydrates 1089:1106 free carbohydrates 1089:1106 Phenolic compounds were identified using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides. 29189749 5 105 theme high 678:681 arg1 profile 744:750 specific fatty acid (FA) profile 719:750 specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) 719:790 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 105 theme high 678:681 arg1 component 848:856 a main component 841:856 a main component (37.9%) 841:864 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 105 theme high 678:681 arg1 oil 810:812 the essential oil 796:812 the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone 796:836 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 105 theme high 678:681 arg1 content 683:689 high content 678:689 high content of photosynthetic pigments 678:716 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 8 106 dep D. 1560:1561 arg1 palmatum 1563:1570 D. palmatum 1560:1570 D. palmatum 1560:1570 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 6 107 theme Phenolic 867:874 arg1 compounds 876:884 Phenolic compounds 867:884 Phenolic compounds 867:884 Phenolic compounds were identified using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides. 29189749 8 108 dep properties 1664:1673 arg1 FA 1688:1689 unsaturated FA 1676:1689 unsaturated FA 1676:1689 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 8 108 dep properties 1664:1673 arg1 oils 1705:1708 essential oils 1695:1708 essential oils 1695:1708 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 0 109 theme Plants 93:98 arg1 Bioactivity 71:81 Bioactivity 71:81 Bioactivity 71:81 Effect of Low Temperature Cultivation on the Phytochemical Profile and Bioactivity of Arctic Plants: A Case of Dracocephalum palmatum. 29189749 0 109 theme Plants 93:98 arg1 Profile 59:65 Phytochemical Profile 45:65 Phytochemical Profile 45:65 Effect of Low Temperature Cultivation on the Phytochemical Profile and Bioactivity of Arctic Plants: A Case of Dracocephalum palmatum. 29189749 8 110 theme antioxidants 1712:1723 arg1 accumulation 1601:1612 the accumulation 1597:1612 the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides) 1597:1830 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 5 111 theme main 843:846 arg1 profile 744:750 specific fatty acid (FA) profile 719:750 specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) 719:790 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 111 theme main 843:846 arg1 component 848:856 a main component 841:856 a main component (37.9%) 841:864 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 111 theme main 843:846 arg1 % 863:863 37.9% 859:863 37.9% 859:863 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 111 theme main 843:846 arg1 content 683:689 high content 678:689 high content of photosynthetic pigments 678:716 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 111 theme main 843:846 arg1 oil 810:812 the essential oil 796:812 the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone 796:836 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 7 112 theme cell 1485:1488 arg1 wall 1490:1493 cell wall 1485:1493 cell wall 1485:1493 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 3 113 theme traditional 326:336 arg1 herb 355:358 a traditional food and medical herb 324:358 a traditional food and medical herb of Northern Siberia 324:378 (palmate dragonhead), a traditional food and medical herb of Northern Siberia, was investigated. 29189749 3 113 theme traditional 326:336 arg1 dragonhead 311:320 palmate dragonhead) 303:321 palmate dragonhead) 303:321 (palmate dragonhead), a traditional food and medical herb of Northern Siberia, was investigated. 29189749 8 114 theme phenolic 1726:1733 arg1 compounds 1735:1743 phenolic compounds 1726:1743 phenolic compounds 1726:1743 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 7 115 theme seedlings 1223:1231 arg1 acclimation 1196:1206 the cold acclimation 1187:1206 the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings 1187:1231 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 5 116 with oil 810:812 arg1 trans-pinocamphone 819:836 trans-pinocamphone 819:836 trans-pinocamphone 819:836 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 116 with oil 810:812 arg1 domination 757:766 domination 757:766 domination of saturated FA (53.3%) 757:790 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 9 117 theme eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside 1928:1952 arg1 esters 1918:1923 two new isomeric malonyl esters 1893:1923 two new isomeric malonyl esters of eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside 1893:1952 In addition, the occurrence of unusual flavonoids including two new isomeric malonyl esters of eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside was found in LT samples. 29189749 5 118 theme specific 719:726 arg1 profile 744:750 specific fatty acid (FA) profile 719:750 specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) 719:790 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 118 theme specific 719:726 arg1 component 848:856 a main component 841:856 a main component (37.9%) 841:864 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 118 theme specific 719:726 arg1 content 683:689 high content 678:689 high content of photosynthetic pigments 678:716 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 5 118 theme specific 719:726 arg1 oil 810:812 the essential oil 796:812 the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone 796:836 The analyses indicated that D. palmatum under NT demonstrates high content of photosynthetic pigments, specific fatty acid (FA) profile with domination of saturated FA (53.3%) and the essential oil with trans-pinocamphone as a main component (37.9%). 29189749 8 119 dep showed 1523:1528 arg1 brief 1508:1512 brief 1508:1512 brief 1508:1512 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 8 119 dep showed 1523:1528 arg1 In 1505:1506 In 1505:1506 In 1505:1506 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 6 120 theme liquid 942:947 arg1 chromatography 949:962 high performance liquid chromatography 925:962 high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides 925:1140 Phenolic compounds were identified using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides. 29189749 4 121 theme low 485:487 arg1 levels 512:517 normal (20 °C, NT) and low (1 °C, LT) temperature levels 462:517 normal (20 °C, NT) and low (1 °C, LT) temperature levels 462:517 D. palmatum seedlings were grown in a greenhouse experiment at normal (20 °C, NT) and low (1 °C, LT) temperature levels and five groups of components that were lipophilic and hydrophilic in nature were characterized. 29189749 0 122 theme Temperature 14:24 arg1 Cultivation 26:36 Low Temperature Cultivation 10:36 Low Temperature Cultivation 10:36 Effect of Low Temperature Cultivation on the Phytochemical Profile and Bioactivity of Arctic Plants: A Case of Dracocephalum palmatum. 29189749 1 123 theme plant 256:260 arg1 Steph 285:289 the arctic plant Dracocephalum palmatum Steph 245:289 the arctic plant Dracocephalum palmatum Steph 245:289 The influence of climatic factors, e.g., low temperature, on the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of the arctic plant Dracocephalum palmatum Steph. 29189749 6 124 theme high 925:928 arg1 chromatography 949:962 high performance liquid chromatography 925:962 high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides 925:1140 Phenolic compounds were identified using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides. 29189749 9 125 theme LT 1967:1968 arg1 samples 1970:1976 LT samples 1967:1976 LT samples 1967:1976 In addition, the occurrence of unusual flavonoids including two new isomeric malonyl esters of eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside was found in LT samples. 29189749 8 126 dep antioxidants 1712:1723 arg1 enzymes 1749:1755 enzymes 1749:1755 enzymes 1749:1755 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 8 126 dep antioxidants 1712:1723 arg1 compounds 1735:1743 phenolic compounds 1726:1743 phenolic compounds 1726:1743 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 29189749 0 127 theme Phytochemical 45:57 arg1 Profile 59:65 Phytochemical Profile 45:65 Phytochemical Profile 45:65 Effect of Low Temperature Cultivation on the Phytochemical Profile and Bioactivity of Arctic Plants: A Case of Dracocephalum palmatum. 29189749 6 128 with chromatography 949:962 arg1 techniques 1066:1075 diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques 969:1075 diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques 969:1075 Phenolic compounds were identified using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides. 29189749 6 128 with chromatography 949:962 arg1 carbohydrates 1094:1106 free carbohydrates 1089:1106 free carbohydrates 1089:1106 Phenolic compounds were identified using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides. 29189749 6 129 theme detection 1038:1046 arg1 techniques 1066:1075 diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques 969:1075 diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques 969:1075 Phenolic compounds were identified using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides. 29189749 3 130 theme Northern 363:370 arg1 Siberia 372:378 Northern Siberia 363:378 Northern Siberia 363:378 (palmate dragonhead), a traditional food and medical herb of Northern Siberia, was investigated. 29189749 7 131 theme balance 1450:1456 arg1 polymers 1495:1502 membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1313:1502 membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers 1313:1502 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 6 132 theme ionization 1008:1017 arg1 techniques 1066:1075 diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques 969:1075 diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques 969:1075 Phenolic compounds were identified using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) techniques, as well as free carbohydrates and water soluble polysaccharides. 29189749 7 133 theme oxygen 1423:1428 arg1 balance 1450:1456 reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance 1414:1456 reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance 1414:1456 For the first time, it was established that the cold acclimation of D. palmatum seedlings resulted in various changes in physiological and biochemical parameters such as membrane permeability, photosynthetic potential, membrane fluidity, leaf surface secretory function, reactive oxygen species-antioxidant balance, osmoregulator content and cell wall polymers. 29189749 8 134 theme adaptive 1539:1546 arg1 strategy 1548:1555 the adaptive strategy 1535:1555 the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT 1535:1579 In brief, results showed that the adaptive strategy of D. palmatum under LT was realized on the accumulation of membrane or surface components with more fluid properties (unsaturated FA and essential oils), antioxidants (phenolic compounds and enzymes), osmoprotectants (free sugars) and cell wall components (polysaccharides). 28266015 0 0 theme glycan 169:174 arg1 profile 186:192 N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile 124:192 profile 186:192 Understanding of decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile. 28266015 3 1 theme control 726:732 arg1 314 mOsm/kg 743:753 314 mOsm/kg 743:753 314 mOsm/kg 743:753 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities in the hyperosmotic cultures were similar to those in the control culture (314 mOsm/kg), indicating that reduced sialylation of Fc-fusion protein at hyperosmolality was not due to elevated sialidase activity. 28266015 3 1 theme control 726:732 arg1 culture 734:740 the control culture 722:740 the control culture (314 mOsm/kg) 722:754 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities in the hyperosmotic cultures were similar to those in the control culture (314 mOsm/kg), indicating that reduced sialylation of Fc-fusion protein at hyperosmolality was not due to elevated sialidase activity. 28266015 1 2 theme hamster 286:292 arg1 cells 307:311 recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells 266:311 recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells producing the Fc-fusion protein 266:343 To understand the effects of hyperosmolality on protein glycosylation, recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells producing the Fc-fusion protein were cultivated in hyperosmolar medium resulting from adding NaCl (415 mOsm/kg). 28266015 6 3 theme N-linked 1278:1285 arg1 analysis 1294:1301 N-linked glycan analysis 1278:1301 N-linked glycan analysis by anion exchange and hydrophilic interaction HPLC 1278:1352 N-linked glycan analysis by anion exchange and hydrophilic interaction HPLC showed that the proportion of highly sialylated (di-, tri-, tetra-) and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans was significantly decreased upon hyperosmotic culture. 28266015 5 4 theme control 1228:1234 arg1 1.5-fold 1212:1219 1.5-fold 1212:1219 1.5-fold of the control 1212:1234 After 3 days of hyperosmotic culture, nine genes (ugp, slc35a3, slc35d2, gcs1, manea, mgat2, mgat5b, b4galt3, and b4galt4) were differentially expressed over 1.5-fold of the control, and all these genes were down-regulated. 28266015 6 5 link N-linked 1278:1285 arg1 analysis 1294:1301 N-linked glycan analysis 1278:1301 N-linked glycan analysis by anion exchange and hydrophilic interaction HPLC 1278:1352 N-linked glycan analysis by anion exchange and hydrophilic interaction HPLC showed that the proportion of highly sialylated (di-, tri-, tetra-) and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans was significantly decreased upon hyperosmotic culture. 28266015 12 6 dep 1721-1732 2192:2200 arg1 2017 2182:2185 2017 2182:2185 2017 2182:2185 2017;114: 1721-1732. 28266015 7 7 link N-linked 1662:1669 arg1 glycans 1671:1677 tetra-antennary N-linked glycans 1646:1677 tetra-antennary N-linked glycans 1646:1677 Addition of betaine, an osmoprotectant, to the hyperosmotic culture significantly increased the proportion of highly sialylated and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans (P ≤ 0.05), while it increased the expression of the N-glycan branching/antennary genes (mgat2 and mgat4b). 28266015 4 8 theme genes 918:922 arg1 Expression 877:886 Expression 877:886 Expression of 52 N-glycosylation-related genes 877:922 Expression of 52 N-glycosylation-related genes was assessed by the NanoString nCounter system, which provides a direct digital readout using custom-designed color-coded probes. 28266015 4 9 theme NanoString 944:953 arg1 system 964:969 the NanoString nCounter system 940:969 the NanoString nCounter system 940:969 Expression of 52 N-glycosylation-related genes was assessed by the NanoString nCounter system, which provides a direct digital readout using custom-designed color-coded probes. 28266015 8 10 theme Fc-fusion 1922:1930 arg1 protein 1932:1938 Fc-fusion protein 1922:1938 Fc-fusion protein caused by hyperosmolar conditions 1922:1972 Thus, decreased expression of the genes with roles in the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway correlated with reduced sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein caused by hyperosmolar conditions. 28266015 2 11 theme acid 572:575 arg1 content 577:583 sialic acid content 565:583 sialic acid content of the Fc-fusion protein 565:608 The hyperosmotic culture showed increased specific Fc-fusion protein productivity (qFc ) but a decreased proportion of acidic isoforms and sialic acid content of the Fc-fusion protein. 28266015 3 12 theme reduced 773:779 arg1 sialylation 781:791 reduced sialylation 773:791 reduced sialylation of Fc-fusion protein at hyperosmolality 773:831 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities in the hyperosmotic cultures were similar to those in the control culture (314 mOsm/kg), indicating that reduced sialylation of Fc-fusion protein at hyperosmolality was not due to elevated sialidase activity. 28266015 0 13 theme N-glycosylation 124:138 arg1 expression 145:154 N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile 124:192 expression 145:154 Understanding of decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile. 28266015 4 14 theme direct 989:994 arg1 readout 1004:1010 a direct digital readout 987:1010 a direct digital readout using custom-designed color-coded probes 987:1051 Expression of 52 N-glycosylation-related genes was assessed by the NanoString nCounter system, which provides a direct digital readout using custom-designed color-coded probes. 28266015 6 15 theme interaction 1337:1347 arg1 HPLC 1349:1352 hydrophilic interaction HPLC 1325:1352 hydrophilic interaction HPLC 1325:1352 N-linked glycan analysis by anion exchange and hydrophilic interaction HPLC showed that the proportion of highly sialylated (di-, tri-, tetra-) and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans was significantly decreased upon hyperosmotic culture. 28266015 3 16 theme extracellular 633:645 arg1 activities 657:666 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities 611:666 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities in the hyperosmotic cultures 611:695 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities in the hyperosmotic cultures were similar to those in the control culture (314 mOsm/kg), indicating that reduced sialylation of Fc-fusion protein at hyperosmolality was not due to elevated sialidase activity. 28266015 3 16 theme extracellular 633:645 arg1 similar 702:708 similar 702:708 similar 702:708 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities in the hyperosmotic cultures were similar to those in the control culture (314 mOsm/kg), indicating that reduced sialylation of Fc-fusion protein at hyperosmolality was not due to elevated sialidase activity. 28266015 7 17 theme N-linked 1662:1669 arg1 glycans 1671:1677 tetra-antennary N-linked glycans 1646:1677 tetra-antennary N-linked glycans 1646:1677 Addition of betaine, an osmoprotectant, to the hyperosmotic culture significantly increased the proportion of highly sialylated and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans (P ≤ 0.05), while it increased the expression of the N-glycan branching/antennary genes (mgat2 and mgat4b). 28266015 4 18 theme nCounter 955:962 arg1 system 964:969 the NanoString nCounter system 940:969 the NanoString nCounter system 940:969 Expression of 52 N-glycosylation-related genes was assessed by the NanoString nCounter system, which provides a direct digital readout using custom-designed color-coded probes. 28266015 3 19 theme protein 806:812 arg1 sialylation 781:791 reduced sialylation 773:791 reduced sialylation of Fc-fusion protein at hyperosmolality 773:831 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities in the hyperosmotic cultures were similar to those in the control culture (314 mOsm/kg), indicating that reduced sialylation of Fc-fusion protein at hyperosmolality was not due to elevated sialidase activity. 28266015 0 20 theme N-linked 160:167 arg1 profile 186:192 N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile 124:192 profile 186:192 Understanding of decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile. 28266015 3 21 theme intracellular 615:627 arg1 activities 657:666 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities 611:666 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities in the hyperosmotic cultures 611:695 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities in the hyperosmotic cultures were similar to those in the control culture (314 mOsm/kg), indicating that reduced sialylation of Fc-fusion protein at hyperosmolality was not due to elevated sialidase activity. 28266015 3 21 theme intracellular 615:627 arg1 similar 702:708 similar 702:708 similar 702:708 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities in the hyperosmotic cultures were similar to those in the control culture (314 mOsm/kg), indicating that reduced sialylation of Fc-fusion protein at hyperosmolality was not due to elevated sialidase activity. 28266015 1 22 from effects 213:219 arg1 glycosylation 251:263 protein glycosylation 243:263 protein glycosylation 243:263 To understand the effects of hyperosmolality on protein glycosylation, recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells producing the Fc-fusion protein were cultivated in hyperosmolar medium resulting from adding NaCl (415 mOsm/kg). 28266015 8 23 theme acid 1906:1909 arg1 content 1911:1917 reduced sialic acid content 1891:1917 reduced sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein caused by hyperosmolar conditions 1891:1972 Thus, decreased expression of the genes with roles in the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway correlated with reduced sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein caused by hyperosmolar conditions. 28266015 2 24 theme Fc-fusion 592:600 arg1 protein 602:608 the Fc-fusion protein 588:608 the Fc-fusion protein 588:608 The hyperosmotic culture showed increased specific Fc-fusion protein productivity (qFc ) but a decreased proportion of acidic isoforms and sialic acid content of the Fc-fusion protein. 28266015 6 25 link N-linked 1442:1449 arg1 glycans 1451:1457 tetra-antennary N-linked glycans 1426:1457 tetra-antennary N-linked glycans 1426:1457 N-linked glycan analysis by anion exchange and hydrophilic interaction HPLC showed that the proportion of highly sialylated (di-, tri-, tetra-) and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans was significantly decreased upon hyperosmotic culture. 28266015 8 26 from roles 1832:1836 arg1 pathway 1867:1873 the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway 1841:1873 the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway 1841:1873 Thus, decreased expression of the genes with roles in the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway correlated with reduced sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein caused by hyperosmolar conditions. 28266015 6 27 theme anion 1306:1310 arg1 exchange 1312:1319 anion exchange 1306:1319 anion exchange 1306:1319 N-linked glycan analysis by anion exchange and hydrophilic interaction HPLC showed that the proportion of highly sialylated (di-, tri-, tetra-) and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans was significantly decreased upon hyperosmotic culture. 28266015 0 28 theme hyperosmotic 63:74 arg1 ovary 104:108 hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary 63:108 hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture 63:121 Understanding of decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile. 28266015 8 29 theme genes 1821:1825 arg1 expression 1803:1812 decreased expression 1793:1812 decreased expression of the genes with roles in the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway 1793:1873 Thus, decreased expression of the genes with roles in the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway correlated with reduced sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein caused by hyperosmolar conditions. 28266015 7 30 theme genes 1761:1765 arg1 expression 1714:1723 the expression 1710:1723 the expression of the N-glycan branching/antennary genes 1710:1765 Addition of betaine, an osmoprotectant, to the hyperosmotic culture significantly increased the proportion of highly sialylated and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans (P ≤ 0.05), while it increased the expression of the N-glycan branching/antennary genes (mgat2 and mgat4b). 28266015 0 31 theme antennary 176:184 arg1 profile 186:192 N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile 124:192 profile 186:192 Understanding of decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile. 28266015 0 32 theme Chinese 88:94 arg1 ovary 104:108 hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary 63:108 hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture 63:121 Understanding of decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile. 28266015 1 33 theme hyperosmolar 364:375 arg1 medium 377:382 hyperosmolar medium 364:382 hyperosmolar medium resulting from adding NaCl (415 mOsm/kg) 364:423 To understand the effects of hyperosmolality on protein glycosylation, recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells producing the Fc-fusion protein were cultivated in hyperosmolar medium resulting from adding NaCl (415 mOsm/kg). 28266015 8 34 theme sialic 1899:1904 arg1 content 1911:1917 reduced sialic acid content 1891:1917 reduced sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein caused by hyperosmolar conditions 1891:1972 Thus, decreased expression of the genes with roles in the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway correlated with reduced sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein caused by hyperosmolar conditions. 28266015 7 35 theme N-glycan 1732:1739 arg1 genes 1761:1765 the N-glycan branching/antennary genes 1728:1765 the N-glycan branching/antennary genes 1728:1765 Addition of betaine, an osmoprotectant, to the hyperosmotic culture significantly increased the proportion of highly sialylated and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans (P ≤ 0.05), while it increased the expression of the N-glycan branching/antennary genes (mgat2 and mgat4b). 28266015 0 36 from Understanding 0:12 arg1 culture 115:121 hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture 63:121 hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture 63:121 Understanding of decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile. 28266015 3 37 from hyperosmolality 817:831 arg1 sialylation 781:791 reduced sialylation 773:791 reduced sialylation of Fc-fusion protein at hyperosmolality 773:831 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities in the hyperosmotic cultures were similar to those in the control culture (314 mOsm/kg), indicating that reduced sialylation of Fc-fusion protein at hyperosmolality was not due to elevated sialidase activity. 28266015 3 38 theme sialidase 857:865 arg1 activity 867:874 elevated sialidase activity 848:874 elevated sialidase activity 848:874 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities in the hyperosmotic cultures were similar to those in the control culture (314 mOsm/kg), indicating that reduced sialylation of Fc-fusion protein at hyperosmolality was not due to elevated sialidase activity. 28266015 0 39 theme ovary 104:108 arg1 culture 115:121 hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture 63:121 hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture 63:121 Understanding of decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile. 28266015 2 40 theme acidic 545:550 arg1 isoforms 552:559 acidic isoforms 545:559 acidic isoforms 545:559 The hyperosmotic culture showed increased specific Fc-fusion protein productivity (qFc ) but a decreased proportion of acidic isoforms and sialic acid content of the Fc-fusion protein. 28266015 3 41 from activities 657:666 arg1 cultures 688:695 the hyperosmotic cultures 671:695 the hyperosmotic cultures 671:695 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities in the hyperosmotic cultures were similar to those in the control culture (314 mOsm/kg), indicating that reduced sialylation of Fc-fusion protein at hyperosmolality was not due to elevated sialidase activity. 28266015 9 42 from N-glycosylation 2106:2120 arg1 cells 2155:2159 rCHO cells 2150:2159 rCHO cells 2150:2159 Taken together, the results obtained in this study provide a better understanding of the detrimental effects of hyperosmolality on N-glycosylation, especially sialylation, in rCHO cells. 28266015 9 42 from N-glycosylation 2106:2120 arg1 understanding 2043:2055 a better understanding 2034:2055 a better understanding of the detrimental effects of hyperosmolality on N-glycosylation, especially sialylation, in rCHO cells 2034:2159 Taken together, the results obtained in this study provide a better understanding of the detrimental effects of hyperosmolality on N-glycosylation, especially sialylation, in rCHO cells. 28266015 6 43 dep sialylated 1391:1400 arg1 tetra- 1414:1419 tetra- 1414:1419 tetra- 1414:1419 N-linked glycan analysis by anion exchange and hydrophilic interaction HPLC showed that the proportion of highly sialylated (di-, tri-, tetra-) and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans was significantly decreased upon hyperosmotic culture. 28266015 6 43 dep sialylated 1391:1400 arg1 tri- 1408:1411 tri- 1408:1411 tri- 1408:1411 N-linked glycan analysis by anion exchange and hydrophilic interaction HPLC showed that the proportion of highly sialylated (di-, tri-, tetra-) and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans was significantly decreased upon hyperosmotic culture. 28266015 6 43 dep sialylated 1391:1400 arg1 di- 1403:1405 di- 1403:1405 di- 1403:1405 N-linked glycan analysis by anion exchange and hydrophilic interaction HPLC showed that the proportion of highly sialylated (di-, tri-, tetra-) and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans was significantly decreased upon hyperosmotic culture. 28266015 8 44 theme biosynthesis 1854:1865 arg1 pathway 1867:1873 the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway 1841:1873 the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway 1841:1873 Thus, decreased expression of the genes with roles in the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway correlated with reduced sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein caused by hyperosmolar conditions. 28266015 2 45 theme protein 487:493 arg1 qFc 509:511 qFc 509:511 qFc 509:511 The hyperosmotic culture showed increased specific Fc-fusion protein productivity (qFc ) but a decreased proportion of acidic isoforms and sialic acid content of the Fc-fusion protein. 28266015 2 45 theme protein 487:493 arg1 productivity 495:506 specific Fc-fusion protein productivity 468:506 specific Fc-fusion protein productivity (qFc ) 468:513 The hyperosmotic culture showed increased specific Fc-fusion protein productivity (qFc ) but a decreased proportion of acidic isoforms and sialic acid content of the Fc-fusion protein. 28266015 9 46 theme effects 2076:2082 arg1 understanding 2043:2055 a better understanding 2034:2055 a better understanding of the detrimental effects of hyperosmolality on N-glycosylation, especially sialylation, in rCHO cells 2034:2159 Taken together, the results obtained in this study provide a better understanding of the detrimental effects of hyperosmolality on N-glycosylation, especially sialylation, in rCHO cells. 28266015 6 47 theme N-linked 1442:1449 arg1 glycans 1451:1457 tetra-antennary N-linked glycans 1426:1457 tetra-antennary N-linked glycans 1426:1457 N-linked glycan analysis by anion exchange and hydrophilic interaction HPLC showed that the proportion of highly sialylated (di-, tri-, tetra-) and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans was significantly decreased upon hyperosmotic culture. 28266015 1 48 theme rCHO 301:304 arg1 cells 307:311 recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells 266:311 recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells producing the Fc-fusion protein 266:343 To understand the effects of hyperosmolality on protein glycosylation, recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells producing the Fc-fusion protein were cultivated in hyperosmolar medium resulting from adding NaCl (415 mOsm/kg). 28266015 2 49 theme specific 468:475 arg1 qFc 509:511 qFc 509:511 qFc 509:511 The hyperosmotic culture showed increased specific Fc-fusion protein productivity (qFc ) but a decreased proportion of acidic isoforms and sialic acid content of the Fc-fusion protein. 28266015 2 49 theme specific 468:475 arg1 productivity 495:506 specific Fc-fusion protein productivity 468:506 specific Fc-fusion protein productivity (qFc ) 468:513 The hyperosmotic culture showed increased specific Fc-fusion protein productivity (qFc ) but a decreased proportion of acidic isoforms and sialic acid content of the Fc-fusion protein. 28266015 9 50 theme hyperosmolality 2087:2101 arg1 effects 2076:2082 the detrimental effects 2060:2082 the detrimental effects of hyperosmolality on N-glycosylation, especially sialylation, in rCHO cells 2060:2159 Taken together, the results obtained in this study provide a better understanding of the detrimental effects of hyperosmolality on N-glycosylation, especially sialylation, in rCHO cells. 28266015 0 51 theme decreased 17:25 arg1 sialylation 27:37 decreased sialylation 17:37 decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein 17:58 Understanding of decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile. 28266015 2 52 theme hyperosmotic 430:441 arg1 culture 443:449 The hyperosmotic culture 426:449 The hyperosmotic culture 426:449 The hyperosmotic culture showed increased specific Fc-fusion protein productivity (qFc ) but a decreased proportion of acidic isoforms and sialic acid content of the Fc-fusion protein. 28266015 4 53 theme color-coded 1034:1044 arg1 probes 1046:1051 custom-designed color-coded probes 1018:1051 custom-designed color-coded probes 1018:1051 Expression of 52 N-glycosylation-related genes was assessed by the NanoString nCounter system, which provides a direct digital readout using custom-designed color-coded probes. 28266015 2 54 dep showed 451:456 arg1 increased 458:466 increased 458:466 showed increased specific Fc-fusion protein productivity (qFc ) but a decreased proportion of acidic isoforms and sialic acid content of the Fc-fusion protein 451:608 The hyperosmotic culture showed increased specific Fc-fusion protein productivity (qFc ) but a decreased proportion of acidic isoforms and sialic acid content of the Fc-fusion protein. 28266015 0 55 theme protein 52:58 arg1 sialylation 27:37 decreased sialylation 17:37 decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein 17:58 Understanding of decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile. 28266015 0 56 gly sialylation 27:37 arg1 protein 52:58 Fc-fusion protein 42:58 Fc-fusion protein 42:58 Understanding of decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile. 28266015 1 57 theme protein 243:249 arg1 glycosylation 251:263 protein glycosylation 243:263 protein glycosylation 243:263 To understand the effects of hyperosmolality on protein glycosylation, recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells producing the Fc-fusion protein were cultivated in hyperosmolar medium resulting from adding NaCl (415 mOsm/kg). 28266015 9 58 from effects 2076:2082 arg1 N-glycosylation 2106:2120 N-glycosylation 2106:2120 N-glycosylation 2106:2120 Taken together, the results obtained in this study provide a better understanding of the detrimental effects of hyperosmolality on N-glycosylation, especially sialylation, in rCHO cells. 28266015 9 58 from effects 2076:2082 arg1 sialylation 2134:2144 sialylation 2134:2144 especially sialylation 2123:2144 Taken together, the results obtained in this study provide a better understanding of the detrimental effects of hyperosmolality on N-glycosylation, especially sialylation, in rCHO cells. 28266015 6 59 theme tetra-antennary 1426:1440 arg1 glycans 1451:1457 tetra-antennary N-linked glycans 1426:1457 tetra-antennary N-linked glycans 1426:1457 N-linked glycan analysis by anion exchange and hydrophilic interaction HPLC showed that the proportion of highly sialylated (di-, tri-, tetra-) and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans was significantly decreased upon hyperosmotic culture. 28266015 6 60 theme hyperosmotic 1492:1503 arg1 culture 1505:1511 hyperosmotic culture 1492:1511 hyperosmotic culture 1492:1511 N-linked glycan analysis by anion exchange and hydrophilic interaction HPLC showed that the proportion of highly sialylated (di-, tri-, tetra-) and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans was significantly decreased upon hyperosmotic culture. 28266015 5 61 theme hyperosmotic 1070:1081 arg1 culture 1083:1089 hyperosmotic culture 1070:1089 hyperosmotic culture 1070:1089 After 3 days of hyperosmotic culture, nine genes (ugp, slc35a3, slc35d2, gcs1, manea, mgat2, mgat5b, b4galt3, and b4galt4) were differentially expressed over 1.5-fold of the control, and all these genes were down-regulated. 28266015 8 62 theme reduced 1891:1897 arg1 content 1911:1917 reduced sialic acid content 1891:1917 reduced sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein caused by hyperosmolar conditions 1891:1972 Thus, decreased expression of the genes with roles in the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway correlated with reduced sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein caused by hyperosmolar conditions. 28266015 1 63 theme Chinese 278:284 arg1 cells 307:311 recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells 266:311 recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells producing the Fc-fusion protein 266:343 To understand the effects of hyperosmolality on protein glycosylation, recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells producing the Fc-fusion protein were cultivated in hyperosmolar medium resulting from adding NaCl (415 mOsm/kg). 28266015 9 64 from understanding 2043:2055 arg1 N-glycosylation 2106:2120 N-glycosylation 2106:2120 N-glycosylation 2106:2120 Taken together, the results obtained in this study provide a better understanding of the detrimental effects of hyperosmolality on N-glycosylation, especially sialylation, in rCHO cells. 28266015 9 64 from understanding 2043:2055 arg1 sialylation 2134:2144 sialylation 2134:2144 especially sialylation 2123:2144 Taken together, the results obtained in this study provide a better understanding of the detrimental effects of hyperosmolality on N-glycosylation, especially sialylation, in rCHO cells. 28266015 6 65 theme glycan 1287:1292 arg1 analysis 1294:1301 N-linked glycan analysis 1278:1301 N-linked glycan analysis by anion exchange and hydrophilic interaction HPLC 1278:1352 N-linked glycan analysis by anion exchange and hydrophilic interaction HPLC showed that the proportion of highly sialylated (di-, tri-, tetra-) and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans was significantly decreased upon hyperosmotic culture. 28266015 7 66 dep increased 1700:1708 arg1 mgat4b 1778:1783 mgat4b 1778:1783 mgat4b 1778:1783 Addition of betaine, an osmoprotectant, to the hyperosmotic culture significantly increased the proportion of highly sialylated and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans (P ≤ 0.05), while it increased the expression of the N-glycan branching/antennary genes (mgat2 and mgat4b). 28266015 7 66 dep increased 1700:1708 arg1 mgat2 1768:1772 mgat2 1768:1772 mgat2 1768:1772 Addition of betaine, an osmoprotectant, to the hyperosmotic culture significantly increased the proportion of highly sialylated and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans (P ≤ 0.05), while it increased the expression of the N-glycan branching/antennary genes (mgat2 and mgat4b). 28266015 1 67 theme ovary 294:298 arg1 cells 307:311 recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells 266:311 recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells producing the Fc-fusion protein 266:343 To understand the effects of hyperosmolality on protein glycosylation, recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells producing the Fc-fusion protein were cultivated in hyperosmolar medium resulting from adding NaCl (415 mOsm/kg). 28266015 8 68 theme decreased 1793:1801 arg1 expression 1803:1812 decreased expression 1793:1812 decreased expression of the genes with roles in the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway 1793:1873 Thus, decreased expression of the genes with roles in the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway correlated with reduced sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein caused by hyperosmolar conditions. 28266015 5 69 dep genes 1097:1101 arg1 mgat5b 1147:1152 mgat5b 1147:1152 mgat5b 1147:1152 After 3 days of hyperosmotic culture, nine genes (ugp, slc35a3, slc35d2, gcs1, manea, mgat2, mgat5b, b4galt3, and b4galt4) were differentially expressed over 1.5-fold of the control, and all these genes were down-regulated. 28266015 5 69 dep genes 1097:1101 arg1 ugp 1104:1106 ugp 1104:1106 ugp 1104:1106 After 3 days of hyperosmotic culture, nine genes (ugp, slc35a3, slc35d2, gcs1, manea, mgat2, mgat5b, b4galt3, and b4galt4) were differentially expressed over 1.5-fold of the control, and all these genes were down-regulated. 28266015 5 69 dep genes 1097:1101 arg1 b4galt3 1155:1161 b4galt3 1155:1161 b4galt3 1155:1161 After 3 days of hyperosmotic culture, nine genes (ugp, slc35a3, slc35d2, gcs1, manea, mgat2, mgat5b, b4galt3, and b4galt4) were differentially expressed over 1.5-fold of the control, and all these genes were down-regulated. 28266015 5 69 dep genes 1097:1101 arg1 slc35a3 1109:1115 slc35a3 1109:1115 slc35a3 1109:1115 After 3 days of hyperosmotic culture, nine genes (ugp, slc35a3, slc35d2, gcs1, manea, mgat2, mgat5b, b4galt3, and b4galt4) were differentially expressed over 1.5-fold of the control, and all these genes were down-regulated. 28266015 5 69 dep genes 1097:1101 arg1 manea 1133:1137 manea 1133:1137 manea 1133:1137 After 3 days of hyperosmotic culture, nine genes (ugp, slc35a3, slc35d2, gcs1, manea, mgat2, mgat5b, b4galt3, and b4galt4) were differentially expressed over 1.5-fold of the control, and all these genes were down-regulated. 28266015 5 69 dep genes 1097:1101 arg1 mgat2 1140:1144 mgat2 1140:1144 mgat2 1140:1144 After 3 days of hyperosmotic culture, nine genes (ugp, slc35a3, slc35d2, gcs1, manea, mgat2, mgat5b, b4galt3, and b4galt4) were differentially expressed over 1.5-fold of the control, and all these genes were down-regulated. 28266015 5 69 dep genes 1097:1101 arg1 genes 1097:1101 nine genes 1092:1101 nine genes (ugp, slc35a3, slc35d2, gcs1, manea, mgat2, mgat5b, b4galt3, and b4galt4) 1092:1175 After 3 days of hyperosmotic culture, nine genes (ugp, slc35a3, slc35d2, gcs1, manea, mgat2, mgat5b, b4galt3, and b4galt4) were differentially expressed over 1.5-fold of the control, and all these genes were down-regulated. 28266015 5 69 dep genes 1097:1101 arg1 b4galt4 1168:1174 b4galt4 1168:1174 b4galt4 1168:1174 After 3 days of hyperosmotic culture, nine genes (ugp, slc35a3, slc35d2, gcs1, manea, mgat2, mgat5b, b4galt3, and b4galt4) were differentially expressed over 1.5-fold of the control, and all these genes were down-regulated. 28266015 5 69 dep genes 1097:1101 arg1 slc35d2 1118:1124 slc35d2 1118:1124 slc35d2 1118:1124 After 3 days of hyperosmotic culture, nine genes (ugp, slc35a3, slc35d2, gcs1, manea, mgat2, mgat5b, b4galt3, and b4galt4) were differentially expressed over 1.5-fold of the control, and all these genes were down-regulated. 28266015 5 69 dep genes 1097:1101 arg1 gcs1 1127:1130 gcs1 1127:1130 gcs1 1127:1130 After 3 days of hyperosmotic culture, nine genes (ugp, slc35a3, slc35d2, gcs1, manea, mgat2, mgat5b, b4galt3, and b4galt4) were differentially expressed over 1.5-fold of the control, and all these genes were down-regulated. 28266015 6 70 theme sialylated 1391:1400 arg1 proportion 1370:1379 the proportion 1366:1379 the proportion of highly sialylated (di-, tri-, tetra-) and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans 1366:1457 N-linked glycan analysis by anion exchange and hydrophilic interaction HPLC showed that the proportion of highly sialylated (di-, tri-, tetra-) and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans was significantly decreased upon hyperosmotic culture. 28266015 8 71 theme protein 1932:1938 arg1 content 1911:1917 reduced sialic acid content 1891:1917 reduced sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein caused by hyperosmolar conditions 1891:1972 Thus, decreased expression of the genes with roles in the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway correlated with reduced sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein caused by hyperosmolar conditions. 28266015 4 72 theme N-glycosylation-related 894:916 arg1 genes 918:922 52 N-glycosylation-related genes 891:922 52 N-glycosylation-related genes 891:922 Expression of 52 N-glycosylation-related genes was assessed by the NanoString nCounter system, which provides a direct digital readout using custom-designed color-coded probes. 28266015 3 73 theme Fc-fusion 796:804 arg1 protein 806:812 Fc-fusion protein 796:812 Fc-fusion protein 796:812 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities in the hyperosmotic cultures were similar to those in the control culture (314 mOsm/kg), indicating that reduced sialylation of Fc-fusion protein at hyperosmolality was not due to elevated sialidase activity. 28266015 0 74 theme gene 140:143 arg1 expression 145:154 N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile 124:192 expression 145:154 Understanding of decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile. 28266015 7 75 theme glycans 1671:1677 arg1 proportion 1610:1619 the proportion 1606:1619 the proportion of highly sialylated and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans (P ≤ 0.05) 1606:1688 Addition of betaine, an osmoprotectant, to the hyperosmotic culture significantly increased the proportion of highly sialylated and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans (P ≤ 0.05), while it increased the expression of the N-glycan branching/antennary genes (mgat2 and mgat4b). 28266015 8 76 with genes 1821:1825 arg1 roles 1832:1836 roles 1832:1836 roles in the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway 1832:1873 Thus, decreased expression of the genes with roles in the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway correlated with reduced sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein caused by hyperosmolar conditions. 28266015 1 77 theme hyperosmolality 224:238 arg1 effects 213:219 the effects 209:219 the effects of hyperosmolality on protein glycosylation 209:263 To understand the effects of hyperosmolality on protein glycosylation, recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells producing the Fc-fusion protein were cultivated in hyperosmolar medium resulting from adding NaCl (415 mOsm/kg). 28266015 7 78 theme tetra-antennary 1646:1660 arg1 glycans 1671:1677 tetra-antennary N-linked glycans 1646:1677 tetra-antennary N-linked glycans 1646:1677 Addition of betaine, an osmoprotectant, to the hyperosmotic culture significantly increased the proportion of highly sialylated and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans (P ≤ 0.05), while it increased the expression of the N-glycan branching/antennary genes (mgat2 and mgat4b). 28266015 2 79 theme sialic 565:570 arg1 content 577:583 sialic acid content 565:583 sialic acid content of the Fc-fusion protein 565:608 The hyperosmotic culture showed increased specific Fc-fusion protein productivity (qFc ) but a decreased proportion of acidic isoforms and sialic acid content of the Fc-fusion protein. 28266015 13 80 dep © 2203:2203 arg1 Inc. 2229:2232 Inc. 2229:2232 Inc. 2229:2232 © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 28266015 6 81 theme hydrophilic 1325:1335 arg1 HPLC 1349:1352 hydrophilic interaction HPLC 1325:1352 hydrophilic interaction HPLC 1325:1352 N-linked glycan analysis by anion exchange and hydrophilic interaction HPLC showed that the proportion of highly sialylated (di-, tri-, tetra-) and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans was significantly decreased upon hyperosmotic culture. 28266015 7 82 theme sialylated 1631:1640 arg1 proportion 1610:1619 the proportion 1606:1619 the proportion of highly sialylated and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans (P ≤ 0.05) 1606:1688 Addition of betaine, an osmoprotectant, to the hyperosmotic culture significantly increased the proportion of highly sialylated and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans (P ≤ 0.05), while it increased the expression of the N-glycan branching/antennary genes (mgat2 and mgat4b). 28266015 2 83 theme protein 602:608 arg1 content 577:583 sialic acid content 565:583 sialic acid content of the Fc-fusion protein 565:608 The hyperosmotic culture showed increased specific Fc-fusion protein productivity (qFc ) but a decreased proportion of acidic isoforms and sialic acid content of the Fc-fusion protein. 28266015 3 84 theme elevated 848:855 arg1 activity 867:874 elevated sialidase activity 848:874 elevated sialidase activity 848:874 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities in the hyperosmotic cultures were similar to those in the control culture (314 mOsm/kg), indicating that reduced sialylation of Fc-fusion protein at hyperosmolality was not due to elevated sialidase activity. 28266015 0 85 theme recombinant 76:86 arg1 ovary 104:108 hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary 63:108 hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture 63:121 Understanding of decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile. 28266015 3 86 theme sialidase 647:655 arg1 activities 657:666 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities 611:666 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities in the hyperosmotic cultures 611:695 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities in the hyperosmotic cultures were similar to those in the control culture (314 mOsm/kg), indicating that reduced sialylation of Fc-fusion protein at hyperosmolality was not due to elevated sialidase activity. 28266015 3 86 theme sialidase 647:655 arg1 similar 702:708 similar 702:708 similar 702:708 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities in the hyperosmotic cultures were similar to those in the control culture (314 mOsm/kg), indicating that reduced sialylation of Fc-fusion protein at hyperosmolality was not due to elevated sialidase activity. 28266015 2 87 theme decreased 521:529 arg1 proportion 531:540 a decreased proportion 519:540 a decreased proportion of acidic isoforms 519:559 The hyperosmotic culture showed increased specific Fc-fusion protein productivity (qFc ) but a decreased proportion of acidic isoforms and sialic acid content of the Fc-fusion protein. 28266015 4 88 theme digital 996:1002 arg1 readout 1004:1010 a direct digital readout 987:1010 a direct digital readout using custom-designed color-coded probes 987:1051 Expression of 52 N-glycosylation-related genes was assessed by the NanoString nCounter system, which provides a direct digital readout using custom-designed color-coded probes. 28266015 0 89 theme hamster 96:102 arg1 ovary 104:108 hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary 63:108 hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture 63:121 Understanding of decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile. 28266015 9 90 theme better 2036:2041 arg1 understanding 2043:2055 a better understanding 2034:2055 a better understanding of the detrimental effects of hyperosmolality on N-glycosylation, especially sialylation, in rCHO cells 2034:2159 Taken together, the results obtained in this study provide a better understanding of the detrimental effects of hyperosmolality on N-glycosylation, especially sialylation, in rCHO cells. 28266015 0 91 theme cell 110:113 arg1 culture 115:121 hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture 63:121 hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture 63:121 Understanding of decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile. 28266015 7 92 theme branching/antennary 1741:1759 arg1 genes 1761:1765 the N-glycan branching/antennary genes 1728:1765 the N-glycan branching/antennary genes 1728:1765 Addition of betaine, an osmoprotectant, to the hyperosmotic culture significantly increased the proportion of highly sialylated and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans (P ≤ 0.05), while it increased the expression of the N-glycan branching/antennary genes (mgat2 and mgat4b). 28266015 7 93 theme hyperosmotic 1561:1572 arg1 culture 1574:1580 the hyperosmotic culture 1557:1580 the hyperosmotic culture 1557:1580 Addition of betaine, an osmoprotectant, to the hyperosmotic culture significantly increased the proportion of highly sialylated and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans (P ≤ 0.05), while it increased the expression of the N-glycan branching/antennary genes (mgat2 and mgat4b). 28266015 2 94 theme isoforms 552:559 arg1 proportion 531:540 a decreased proportion 519:540 a decreased proportion of acidic isoforms 519:559 The hyperosmotic culture showed increased specific Fc-fusion protein productivity (qFc ) but a decreased proportion of acidic isoforms and sialic acid content of the Fc-fusion protein. 28266015 9 95 gly N-glycosylation 2106:2120 arg1 cells 2155:2159 rCHO cells 2150:2159 rCHO cells 2150:2159 Taken together, the results obtained in this study provide a better understanding of the detrimental effects of hyperosmolality on N-glycosylation, especially sialylation, in rCHO cells. 28266015 3 96 gly sialylation 781:791 arg1 hyperosmolality 817:831 hyperosmolality 817:831 hyperosmolality 817:831 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities in the hyperosmotic cultures were similar to those in the control culture (314 mOsm/kg), indicating that reduced sialylation of Fc-fusion protein at hyperosmolality was not due to elevated sialidase activity. 28266015 3 96 gly sialylation 781:791 arg1 protein 806:812 Fc-fusion protein 796:812 Fc-fusion protein 796:812 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities in the hyperosmotic cultures were similar to those in the control culture (314 mOsm/kg), indicating that reduced sialylation of Fc-fusion protein at hyperosmolality was not due to elevated sialidase activity. 28266015 9 97 theme detrimental 2064:2074 arg1 effects 2076:2082 the detrimental effects 2060:2082 the detrimental effects of hyperosmolality on N-glycosylation, especially sialylation, in rCHO cells 2060:2159 Taken together, the results obtained in this study provide a better understanding of the detrimental effects of hyperosmolality on N-glycosylation, especially sialylation, in rCHO cells. 28266015 4 98 theme custom-designed 1018:1032 arg1 probes 1046:1051 custom-designed color-coded probes 1018:1051 custom-designed color-coded probes 1018:1051 Expression of 52 N-glycosylation-related genes was assessed by the NanoString nCounter system, which provides a direct digital readout using custom-designed color-coded probes. 28266015 6 99 theme glycans 1451:1457 arg1 proportion 1370:1379 the proportion 1366:1379 the proportion of highly sialylated (di-, tri-, tetra-) and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans 1366:1457 N-linked glycan analysis by anion exchange and hydrophilic interaction HPLC showed that the proportion of highly sialylated (di-, tri-, tetra-) and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans was significantly decreased upon hyperosmotic culture. 28266015 8 100 theme N-glycan 1845:1852 arg1 pathway 1867:1873 the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway 1841:1873 the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway 1841:1873 Thus, decreased expression of the genes with roles in the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway correlated with reduced sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein caused by hyperosmolar conditions. 28266015 2 101 theme Fc-fusion 477:485 arg1 qFc 509:511 qFc 509:511 qFc 509:511 The hyperosmotic culture showed increased specific Fc-fusion protein productivity (qFc ) but a decreased proportion of acidic isoforms and sialic acid content of the Fc-fusion protein. 28266015 2 101 theme Fc-fusion 477:485 arg1 productivity 495:506 specific Fc-fusion protein productivity 468:506 specific Fc-fusion protein productivity (qFc ) 468:513 The hyperosmotic culture showed increased specific Fc-fusion protein productivity (qFc ) but a decreased proportion of acidic isoforms and sialic acid content of the Fc-fusion protein. 28266015 9 102 theme rCHO 2150:2153 arg1 cells 2155:2159 rCHO cells 2150:2159 rCHO cells 2150:2159 Taken together, the results obtained in this study provide a better understanding of the detrimental effects of hyperosmolality on N-glycosylation, especially sialylation, in rCHO cells. 28266015 0 103 theme sialylation 27:37 arg1 Understanding 0:12 Understanding 0:12 Understanding of decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile. 0:193 Understanding of decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile. 28266015 0 104 theme Fc-fusion 42:50 arg1 protein 52:58 Fc-fusion protein 42:58 Fc-fusion protein 42:58 Understanding of decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile. 28266015 5 105 theme culture 1083:1089 arg1 days 1062:1065 3 days 1060:1065 3 days of hyperosmotic culture 1060:1089 After 3 days of hyperosmotic culture, nine genes (ugp, slc35a3, slc35d2, gcs1, manea, mgat2, mgat5b, b4galt3, and b4galt4) were differentially expressed over 1.5-fold of the control, and all these genes were down-regulated. 28266015 0 106 link N-linked 160:167 arg1 profile 186:192 N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile 124:192 profile 186:192 Understanding of decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile. 28266015 3 107 theme hyperosmotic 675:686 arg1 cultures 688:695 the hyperosmotic cultures 671:695 the hyperosmotic cultures 671:695 The intracellular and extracellular sialidase activities in the hyperosmotic cultures were similar to those in the control culture (314 mOsm/kg), indicating that reduced sialylation of Fc-fusion protein at hyperosmolality was not due to elevated sialidase activity. 28266015 1 108 theme Fc-fusion 327:335 arg1 protein 337:343 the Fc-fusion protein 323:343 the Fc-fusion protein 323:343 To understand the effects of hyperosmolality on protein glycosylation, recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells producing the Fc-fusion protein were cultivated in hyperosmolar medium resulting from adding NaCl (415 mOsm/kg). 28266015 8 109 theme hyperosmolar 1950:1961 arg1 conditions 1963:1972 hyperosmolar conditions 1950:1972 hyperosmolar conditions 1950:1972 Thus, decreased expression of the genes with roles in the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway correlated with reduced sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein caused by hyperosmolar conditions. 28266015 0 110 dep Understanding 0:12 arg1 expression 145:154 N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile 124:192 expression 145:154 Understanding of decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile. 28266015 0 110 dep Understanding 0:12 arg1 profile 186:192 N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile 124:192 profile 186:192 Understanding of decreased sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in hyperosmotic recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: N-glycosylation gene expression and N-linked glycan antennary profile. 28266015 7 111 theme betaine 1526:1532 arg1 Addition 1514:1521 Addition 1514:1521 Addition of betaine, an osmoprotectant, to the hyperosmotic culture 1514:1580 Addition of betaine, an osmoprotectant, to the hyperosmotic culture significantly increased the proportion of highly sialylated and tetra-antennary N-linked glycans (P ≤ 0.05), while it increased the expression of the N-glycan branching/antennary genes (mgat2 and mgat4b). 28266015 1 112 theme recombinant 266:276 arg1 cells 307:311 recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells 266:311 recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells producing the Fc-fusion protein 266:343 To understand the effects of hyperosmolality on protein glycosylation, recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells producing the Fc-fusion protein were cultivated in hyperosmolar medium resulting from adding NaCl (415 mOsm/kg). 28267660 0 0 theme biomass 94:100 arg1 feedstocks 102:111 model biomass feedstocks 88:111 model biomass feedstocks 88:111 Coupling hydrothermal liquefaction and anaerobic digestion for energy valorization from model biomass feedstocks. 28267660 3 1 theme liquefaction 349:360 arg1 feasibility 312:322 the feasibility 308:322 the feasibility of coupling hydrothermal liquefaction and anaerobic digestion for the conversion of food waste into energy products 308:438 Here, the feasibility of coupling hydrothermal liquefaction and anaerobic digestion for the conversion of food waste into energy products was examined. 28267660 8 2 theme most 1064:1067 arg1 samples 1069:1075 most samples 1064:1075 most samples 1064:1075 However, no inhibition of biodegradation was observed for most samples. 28267660 9 3 theme energetic 1156:1164 arg1 return 1166:1171 a higher energetic return 1147:1171 a higher energetic return 1147:1171 Combining hydrothermal and anaerobic digestion may, therefore, yield a higher energetic return by converting the feedstock into oil and biomethane. 28267660 0 4 theme model 88:92 arg1 feedstocks 102:111 model biomass feedstocks 88:111 model biomass feedstocks 88:111 Coupling hydrothermal liquefaction and anaerobic digestion for energy valorization from model biomass feedstocks. 28267660 4 5 theme hydrothermal 541:552 arg1 processing 554:563 hydrothermal processing 541:563 hydrothermal processing 541:563 A mixture of polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids, representing food waste, underwent hydrothermal processing at temperatures ranging from 200 to 350°C. 28267660 4 6 theme polysaccharides 467:481 arg1 mixture 456:462 A mixture 454:462 A mixture 454:462 A mixture of polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids, representing food waste, underwent hydrothermal processing at temperatures ranging from 200 to 350°C. 28267660 1 7 theme carbon-rich 175:185 arg1 phase 208:212 a carbon-rich hydrothermal aqueous phase 173:212 a carbon-rich hydrothermal aqueous phase 173:212 Hydrothermal liquefaction converts food waste into oil and a carbon-rich hydrothermal aqueous phase. 28267660 5 8 theme methane 717:723 arg1 assays 735:740 biochemical methane potential assays 705:740 biochemical methane potential assays 705:740 The anaerobic biodegradability of the hydrothermal aqueous phase was examined through conducting biochemical methane potential assays. 28267660 6 9 theme processing 884:893 arg1 temperature 856:866 the temperature 852:866 the temperature of hydrothermal processing 852:893 The results demonstrate that the anaerobic biodegradability of the hydrothermal aqueous phase was lower when the temperature of hydrothermal processing increased. 28267660 4 10 dep 350°C 601:605 arg1 to 598:599 to 598:599 to 598:599 A mixture of polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids, representing food waste, underwent hydrothermal processing at temperatures ranging from 200 to 350°C. 28267660 5 11 theme potential 725:733 arg1 assays 735:740 biochemical methane potential assays 705:740 biochemical methane potential assays 705:740 The anaerobic biodegradability of the hydrothermal aqueous phase was examined through conducting biochemical methane potential assays. 28267660 5 12 theme hydrothermal 646:657 arg1 phase 667:671 the hydrothermal aqueous phase 642:671 the hydrothermal aqueous phase 642:671 The anaerobic biodegradability of the hydrothermal aqueous phase was examined through conducting biochemical methane potential assays. 28267660 6 13 theme anaerobic 776:784 arg1 biodegradability 786:801 the anaerobic biodegradability 772:801 the anaerobic biodegradability of the hydrothermal aqueous phase 772:835 The results demonstrate that the anaerobic biodegradability of the hydrothermal aqueous phase was lower when the temperature of hydrothermal processing increased. 28267660 6 13 theme anaerobic 776:784 arg1 lower 841:845 lower 841:845 lower 841:845 The results demonstrate that the anaerobic biodegradability of the hydrothermal aqueous phase was lower when the temperature of hydrothermal processing increased. 28267660 4 14 theme lipids 498:503 arg1 mixture 456:462 A mixture 454:462 A mixture 454:462 A mixture of polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids, representing food waste, underwent hydrothermal processing at temperatures ranging from 200 to 350°C. 28267660 5 15 theme phase 667:671 arg1 biodegradability 622:637 The anaerobic biodegradability 608:637 The anaerobic biodegradability of the hydrothermal aqueous phase 608:671 The anaerobic biodegradability of the hydrothermal aqueous phase was examined through conducting biochemical methane potential assays. 28267660 5 16 theme aqueous 659:665 arg1 phase 667:671 the hydrothermal aqueous phase 642:671 the hydrothermal aqueous phase 642:671 The anaerobic biodegradability of the hydrothermal aqueous phase was examined through conducting biochemical methane potential assays. 28267660 7 17 theme phase 959:963 arg1 composition 919:929 The chemical composition 906:929 The chemical composition of the hydrothermal aqueous phase 906:963 The chemical composition of the hydrothermal aqueous phase affected the anaerobic biodegradability. 28267660 1 18 theme hydrothermal 187:198 arg1 phase 208:212 a carbon-rich hydrothermal aqueous phase 173:212 a carbon-rich hydrothermal aqueous phase 173:212 Hydrothermal liquefaction converts food waste into oil and a carbon-rich hydrothermal aqueous phase. 28267660 4 19 theme food 519:522 arg1 waste 524:528 food waste 519:528 food waste 519:528 A mixture of polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids, representing food waste, underwent hydrothermal processing at temperatures ranging from 200 to 350°C. 28267660 0 20 theme Coupling 0:7 arg1 liquefaction 22:33 Coupling hydrothermal liquefaction 0:33 Coupling hydrothermal liquefaction 0:33 Coupling hydrothermal liquefaction and anaerobic digestion for energy valorization from model biomass feedstocks. 28267660 1 21 theme aqueous 200:206 arg1 phase 208:212 a carbon-rich hydrothermal aqueous phase 173:212 a carbon-rich hydrothermal aqueous phase 173:212 Hydrothermal liquefaction converts food waste into oil and a carbon-rich hydrothermal aqueous phase. 28267660 0 22 theme hydrothermal 9:20 arg1 liquefaction 22:33 Coupling hydrothermal liquefaction 0:33 Coupling hydrothermal liquefaction 0:33 Coupling hydrothermal liquefaction and anaerobic digestion for energy valorization from model biomass feedstocks. 28267660 7 23 theme hydrothermal 938:949 arg1 phase 959:963 the hydrothermal aqueous phase 934:963 the hydrothermal aqueous phase 934:963 The chemical composition of the hydrothermal aqueous phase affected the anaerobic biodegradability. 28267660 3 24 theme energy 424:429 arg1 products 431:438 energy products 424:438 energy products 424:438 Here, the feasibility of coupling hydrothermal liquefaction and anaerobic digestion for the conversion of food waste into energy products was examined. 28267660 5 25 theme anaerobic 612:620 arg1 biodegradability 622:637 The anaerobic biodegradability 608:637 The anaerobic biodegradability of the hydrothermal aqueous phase 608:671 The anaerobic biodegradability of the hydrothermal aqueous phase was examined through conducting biochemical methane potential assays. 28267660 5 26 theme biochemical 705:715 arg1 assays 735:740 biochemical methane potential assays 705:740 biochemical methane potential assays 705:740 The anaerobic biodegradability of the hydrothermal aqueous phase was examined through conducting biochemical methane potential assays. 28267660 3 27 theme food 408:411 arg1 waste 413:417 food waste 408:417 food waste 408:417 Here, the feasibility of coupling hydrothermal liquefaction and anaerobic digestion for the conversion of food waste into energy products was examined. 28267660 6 28 theme hydrothermal 871:882 arg1 processing 884:893 hydrothermal processing 871:893 hydrothermal processing 871:893 The results demonstrate that the anaerobic biodegradability of the hydrothermal aqueous phase was lower when the temperature of hydrothermal processing increased. 28267660 1 29 theme Hydrothermal 114:125 arg1 liquefaction 127:138 Hydrothermal liquefaction 114:138 Hydrothermal liquefaction 114:138 Hydrothermal liquefaction converts food waste into oil and a carbon-rich hydrothermal aqueous phase. 28267660 3 30 theme waste 413:417 arg1 conversion 394:403 the conversion 390:403 the conversion of food waste into energy products 390:438 Here, the feasibility of coupling hydrothermal liquefaction and anaerobic digestion for the conversion of food waste into energy products was examined. 28267660 4 31 theme proteins 484:491 arg1 mixture 456:462 A mixture 454:462 A mixture 454:462 A mixture of polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids, representing food waste, underwent hydrothermal processing at temperatures ranging from 200 to 350°C. 28267660 9 32 theme anaerobic 1105:1113 arg1 digestion 1115:1123 hydrothermal and anaerobic digestion 1088:1123 hydrothermal and anaerobic digestion 1088:1123 Combining hydrothermal and anaerobic digestion may, therefore, yield a higher energetic return by converting the feedstock into oil and biomethane. 28267660 7 33 theme chemical 910:917 arg1 composition 919:929 The chemical composition 906:929 The chemical composition of the hydrothermal aqueous phase 906:963 The chemical composition of the hydrothermal aqueous phase affected the anaerobic biodegradability. 28267660 0 34 theme anaerobic 39:47 arg1 digestion 49:57 anaerobic digestion 39:57 anaerobic digestion 39:57 Coupling hydrothermal liquefaction and anaerobic digestion for energy valorization from model biomass feedstocks. 28267660 9 35 theme hydrothermal 1088:1099 arg1 digestion 1115:1123 hydrothermal and anaerobic digestion 1088:1123 hydrothermal and anaerobic digestion 1088:1123 Combining hydrothermal and anaerobic digestion may, therefore, yield a higher energetic return by converting the feedstock into oil and biomethane. 28267660 7 36 theme aqueous 951:957 arg1 phase 959:963 the hydrothermal aqueous phase 934:963 the hydrothermal aqueous phase 934:963 The chemical composition of the hydrothermal aqueous phase affected the anaerobic biodegradability. 28267660 0 37 theme energy 63:68 arg1 valorization 70:81 energy valorization 63:81 energy valorization 63:81 Coupling hydrothermal liquefaction and anaerobic digestion for energy valorization from model biomass feedstocks. 28267660 3 38 theme coupling 327:334 arg1 liquefaction 349:360 coupling hydrothermal liquefaction 327:360 coupling hydrothermal liquefaction 327:360 Here, the feasibility of coupling hydrothermal liquefaction and anaerobic digestion for the conversion of food waste into energy products was examined. 28267660 3 39 theme hydrothermal 336:347 arg1 liquefaction 349:360 coupling hydrothermal liquefaction 327:360 coupling hydrothermal liquefaction 327:360 Here, the feasibility of coupling hydrothermal liquefaction and anaerobic digestion for the conversion of food waste into energy products was examined. 28267660 6 40 theme phase 831:835 arg1 biodegradability 786:801 the anaerobic biodegradability 772:801 the anaerobic biodegradability of the hydrothermal aqueous phase 772:835 The results demonstrate that the anaerobic biodegradability of the hydrothermal aqueous phase was lower when the temperature of hydrothermal processing increased. 28267660 6 40 theme phase 831:835 arg1 lower 841:845 lower 841:845 lower 841:845 The results demonstrate that the anaerobic biodegradability of the hydrothermal aqueous phase was lower when the temperature of hydrothermal processing increased. 28267660 1 41 theme food 149:152 arg1 waste 154:158 food waste 149:158 food waste 149:158 Hydrothermal liquefaction converts food waste into oil and a carbon-rich hydrothermal aqueous phase. 28267660 2 42 theme aqueous 232:238 arg1 phase 240:244 The hydrothermal aqueous phase 215:244 The hydrothermal aqueous phase 215:244 The hydrothermal aqueous phase may be converted to biomethane via anaerobic digestion. 28267660 6 43 theme aqueous 823:829 arg1 phase 831:835 the hydrothermal aqueous phase 806:835 the hydrothermal aqueous phase 806:835 The results demonstrate that the anaerobic biodegradability of the hydrothermal aqueous phase was lower when the temperature of hydrothermal processing increased. 28267660 8 44 theme biodegradation 1032:1045 arg1 inhibition 1018:1027 no inhibition 1015:1027 no inhibition of biodegradation 1015:1045 However, no inhibition of biodegradation was observed for most samples. 28267660 2 45 theme hydrothermal 219:230 arg1 phase 240:244 The hydrothermal aqueous phase 215:244 The hydrothermal aqueous phase 215:244 The hydrothermal aqueous phase may be converted to biomethane via anaerobic digestion. 28267660 2 46 theme anaerobic 281:289 arg1 digestion 291:299 anaerobic digestion 281:299 anaerobic digestion 281:299 The hydrothermal aqueous phase may be converted to biomethane via anaerobic digestion. 28267660 6 47 theme hydrothermal 810:821 arg1 phase 831:835 the hydrothermal aqueous phase 806:835 the hydrothermal aqueous phase 806:835 The results demonstrate that the anaerobic biodegradability of the hydrothermal aqueous phase was lower when the temperature of hydrothermal processing increased. 28267660 3 48 theme anaerobic 366:374 arg1 digestion 376:384 anaerobic digestion 366:384 anaerobic digestion 366:384 Here, the feasibility of coupling hydrothermal liquefaction and anaerobic digestion for the conversion of food waste into energy products was examined. 28267660 0 49 from feedstocks 102:111 arg1 liquefaction 22:33 Coupling hydrothermal liquefaction 0:33 Coupling hydrothermal liquefaction 0:33 Coupling hydrothermal liquefaction and anaerobic digestion for energy valorization from model biomass feedstocks. 28267660 0 49 from feedstocks 102:111 arg1 digestion 49:57 anaerobic digestion 39:57 anaerobic digestion 39:57 Coupling hydrothermal liquefaction and anaerobic digestion for energy valorization from model biomass feedstocks. 28267660 9 50 theme higher 1149:1154 arg1 return 1166:1171 a higher energetic return 1147:1171 a higher energetic return 1147:1171 Combining hydrothermal and anaerobic digestion may, therefore, yield a higher energetic return by converting the feedstock into oil and biomethane. 28267660 3 51 theme digestion 376:384 arg1 feasibility 312:322 the feasibility 308:322 the feasibility of coupling hydrothermal liquefaction and anaerobic digestion for the conversion of food waste into energy products 308:438 Here, the feasibility of coupling hydrothermal liquefaction and anaerobic digestion for the conversion of food waste into energy products was examined. 28267660 7 52 theme anaerobic 978:986 arg1 biodegradability 988:1003 the anaerobic biodegradability 974:1003 the anaerobic biodegradability 974:1003 The chemical composition of the hydrothermal aqueous phase affected the anaerobic biodegradability. 28161561 5 0 theme collection 940:949 arg1 time 951:954 collection time 940:954 collection time 940:954 The improvement of flocculability using RS shows an S-curve changing tendency with collection time, and corresponds with the first-order model with secretion dosage. 28161561 1 1 theme microbial 165:173 arg1 aggregation 175:185 microbial aggregation 165:185 microbial aggregation 165:185 Bdelloid rotifer are reported to play a promoting role in microbial aggregation and floc formation in activated sludge systems; however, the mechanisms involved in this process are unclear. 28161561 0 2 theme erythrophthalma 90:104 arg1 secretion 67:75 secretion 67:75 secretion of Philodina erythrophthalma 67:104 Enhanced flocculation of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria by secretion of Philodina erythrophthalma. 28161561 2 3 from effect 321:326 arg1 growth 423:428 growth 423:428 growth 423:428 This study explores the effect of a rotifer secretion (RS) from the species Philodina erythrophthalma on the flocculation and growth of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria isolated from activated sludge. 28161561 2 3 from effect 321:326 arg1 flocculation 406:417 flocculation 406:417 flocculation 406:417 This study explores the effect of a rotifer secretion (RS) from the species Philodina erythrophthalma on the flocculation and growth of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria isolated from activated sludge. 28161561 2 3 from effect 321:326 arg1 species 365:371 the species 361:371 the species 361:371 This study explores the effect of a rotifer secretion (RS) from the species Philodina erythrophthalma on the flocculation and growth of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria isolated from activated sludge. 28161561 6 4 theme low 1064:1066 arg1 contents 1068:1075 low contents 1064:1075 low contents of non-protein organic nitrogen and polysaccharides 1064:1127 Chemical composition analysis shows that low contents of non-protein organic nitrogen and polysaccharides are found in the RS, which implies that RS acts more like a growth-promoting substance or infochemical than as a nutrient in the promotion of bacterial growth. 28161561 1 5 from role 157:160 arg1 formation 196:204 floc formation 191:204 floc formation 191:204 Bdelloid rotifer are reported to play a promoting role in microbial aggregation and floc formation in activated sludge systems; however, the mechanisms involved in this process are unclear. 28161561 1 5 from role 157:160 arg1 systems 226:232 activated sludge systems 209:232 activated sludge systems 209:232 Bdelloid rotifer are reported to play a promoting role in microbial aggregation and floc formation in activated sludge systems; however, the mechanisms involved in this process are unclear. 28161561 1 5 from role 157:160 arg1 aggregation 175:185 microbial aggregation 165:185 microbial aggregation 165:185 Bdelloid rotifer are reported to play a promoting role in microbial aggregation and floc formation in activated sludge systems; however, the mechanisms involved in this process are unclear. 28161561 4 6 theme bacteria 790:797 arg1 densities 799:807 the bacteria densities 786:807 the bacteria densities 786:807 The possible mechanism is that the RS causes an increase in the bacteria densities and extracellular polymeric substance contents. 28161561 5 7 theme first-order 982:992 arg1 model 994:998 the first-order model 978:998 the first-order model with secretion dosage 978:1020 The improvement of flocculability using RS shows an S-curve changing tendency with collection time, and corresponds with the first-order model with secretion dosage. 28161561 7 8 theme novel 1327:1331 arg1 strategy 1347:1354 a novel and potential strategy 1325:1354 a novel and potential strategy for promoting sludge floc formation using the infochemical secreted by this rotifer 1325:1438 In conclusion, the findings provide a novel and potential strategy for promoting sludge floc formation using the infochemical secreted by this rotifer. 28161561 2 9 attach isolated 472:479 arg1 sludge 496:501 activated sludge 486:501 activated sludge 486:501 This study explores the effect of a rotifer secretion (RS) from the species Philodina erythrophthalma on the flocculation and growth of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria isolated from activated sludge. 28161561 2 9 attach isolated 472:479 arg2 bacteria 463:470 two bioflocculation-producing bacteria 433:470 two bioflocculation-producing bacteria isolated from activated sludge 433:501 This study explores the effect of a rotifer secretion (RS) from the species Philodina erythrophthalma on the flocculation and growth of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria isolated from activated sludge. 28161561 4 10 theme extracellular 813:825 arg1 contents 847:854 extracellular polymeric substance contents 813:854 extracellular polymeric substance contents 813:854 The possible mechanism is that the RS causes an increase in the bacteria densities and extracellular polymeric substance contents. 28161561 5 11 theme S-curve 909:915 arg1 tendency 926:933 an S-curve changing tendency 906:933 an S-curve changing tendency 906:933 The improvement of flocculability using RS shows an S-curve changing tendency with collection time, and corresponds with the first-order model with secretion dosage. 28161561 2 12 theme activated 486:494 arg1 sludge 496:501 activated sludge 486:501 activated sludge 486:501 This study explores the effect of a rotifer secretion (RS) from the species Philodina erythrophthalma on the flocculation and growth of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria isolated from activated sludge. 28161561 3 13 theme weak 549:552 arg1 bioflocculability 554:570 weak bioflocculability 549:570 weak bioflocculability 549:570 Results show that although the secretion has weak bioflocculability in itself, it can significantly enhance the flocculability of bioflocculation-producing bacteria and promote formation of microbial aggregation and floc. 28161561 6 14 located found 1133:1137 arg2 contents 1068:1075 low contents 1064:1075 low contents of non-protein organic nitrogen and polysaccharides 1064:1127 Chemical composition analysis shows that low contents of non-protein organic nitrogen and polysaccharides are found in the RS, which implies that RS acts more like a growth-promoting substance or infochemical than as a nutrient in the promotion of bacterial growth. 28161561 6 14 located found 1133:1137 arg1 RS 1146:1147 the RS 1142:1147 the RS 1142:1147 Chemical composition analysis shows that low contents of non-protein organic nitrogen and polysaccharides are found in the RS, which implies that RS acts more like a growth-promoting substance or infochemical than as a nutrient in the promotion of bacterial growth. 28161561 1 15 theme floc 191:194 arg1 formation 196:204 floc formation 191:204 floc formation 191:204 Bdelloid rotifer are reported to play a promoting role in microbial aggregation and floc formation in activated sludge systems; however, the mechanisms involved in this process are unclear. 28161561 2 16 theme bioflocculation-producing 437:461 arg1 bacteria 463:470 two bioflocculation-producing bacteria 433:470 two bioflocculation-producing bacteria isolated from activated sludge 433:501 This study explores the effect of a rotifer secretion (RS) from the species Philodina erythrophthalma on the flocculation and growth of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria isolated from activated sludge. 28161561 7 17 theme potential 1337:1345 arg1 strategy 1347:1354 a novel and potential strategy 1325:1354 a novel and potential strategy for promoting sludge floc formation using the infochemical secreted by this rotifer 1325:1438 In conclusion, the findings provide a novel and potential strategy for promoting sludge floc formation using the infochemical secreted by this rotifer. 28161561 1 18 theme Bdelloid 107:114 arg1 rotifer 116:122 Bdelloid rotifer 107:122 Bdelloid rotifer 107:122 Bdelloid rotifer are reported to play a promoting role in microbial aggregation and floc formation in activated sludge systems; however, the mechanisms involved in this process are unclear. 28161561 7 19 theme sludge 1370:1375 arg1 formation 1382:1390 sludge floc formation 1370:1390 sludge floc formation using the infochemical secreted by this rotifer 1370:1438 In conclusion, the findings provide a novel and potential strategy for promoting sludge floc formation using the infochemical secreted by this rotifer. 28161561 4 20 from increase 774:781 arg1 contents 847:854 extracellular polymeric substance contents 813:854 extracellular polymeric substance contents 813:854 The possible mechanism is that the RS causes an increase in the bacteria densities and extracellular polymeric substance contents. 28161561 4 20 from increase 774:781 arg1 densities 799:807 the bacteria densities 786:807 the bacteria densities 786:807 The possible mechanism is that the RS causes an increase in the bacteria densities and extracellular polymeric substance contents. 28161561 7 21 theme floc 1377:1380 arg1 formation 1382:1390 sludge floc formation 1370:1390 sludge floc formation using the infochemical secreted by this rotifer 1370:1438 In conclusion, the findings provide a novel and potential strategy for promoting sludge floc formation using the infochemical secreted by this rotifer. 28161561 5 22 with model 994:998 arg1 dosage 1015:1020 secretion dosage 1005:1020 secretion dosage 1005:1020 The improvement of flocculability using RS shows an S-curve changing tendency with collection time, and corresponds with the first-order model with secretion dosage. 28161561 6 23 theme composition 1032:1042 arg1 analysis 1044:1051 Chemical composition analysis 1023:1051 Chemical composition analysis 1023:1051 Chemical composition analysis shows that low contents of non-protein organic nitrogen and polysaccharides are found in the RS, which implies that RS acts more like a growth-promoting substance or infochemical than as a nutrient in the promotion of bacterial growth. 28161561 6 24 theme bacterial 1271:1279 arg1 growth 1281:1286 bacterial growth 1271:1286 bacterial growth 1271:1286 Chemical composition analysis shows that low contents of non-protein organic nitrogen and polysaccharides are found in the RS, which implies that RS acts more like a growth-promoting substance or infochemical than as a nutrient in the promotion of bacterial growth. 28161561 5 25 theme secretion 1005:1013 arg1 dosage 1015:1020 secretion dosage 1005:1020 secretion dosage 1005:1020 The improvement of flocculability using RS shows an S-curve changing tendency with collection time, and corresponds with the first-order model with secretion dosage. 28161561 1 26 theme activated 209:217 arg1 systems 226:232 activated sludge systems 209:232 activated sludge systems 209:232 Bdelloid rotifer are reported to play a promoting role in microbial aggregation and floc formation in activated sludge systems; however, the mechanisms involved in this process are unclear. 28161561 5 27 theme flocculability 876:889 arg1 improvement 861:871 The improvement 857:871 The improvement of flocculability using RS 857:898 The improvement of flocculability using RS shows an S-curve changing tendency with collection time, and corresponds with the first-order model with secretion dosage. 28161561 6 28 theme Chemical 1023:1030 arg1 analysis 1044:1051 Chemical composition analysis 1023:1051 Chemical composition analysis 1023:1051 Chemical composition analysis shows that low contents of non-protein organic nitrogen and polysaccharides are found in the RS, which implies that RS acts more like a growth-promoting substance or infochemical than as a nutrient in the promotion of bacterial growth. 28161561 6 29 theme growth-promoting 1189:1204 arg1 substance 1206:1214 a growth-promoting substance 1187:1214 a growth-promoting substance 1187:1214 Chemical composition analysis shows that low contents of non-protein organic nitrogen and polysaccharides are found in the RS, which implies that RS acts more like a growth-promoting substance or infochemical than as a nutrient in the promotion of bacterial growth. 28161561 1 30 theme sludge 219:224 arg1 systems 226:232 activated sludge systems 209:232 activated sludge systems 209:232 Bdelloid rotifer are reported to play a promoting role in microbial aggregation and floc formation in activated sludge systems; however, the mechanisms involved in this process are unclear. 28161561 0 31 theme bacteria 55:62 arg1 flocculation 9:20 flocculation 9:20 flocculation of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria 9:62 Enhanced flocculation of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria by secretion of Philodina erythrophthalma. 28161561 3 32 theme microbial 694:702 arg1 aggregation 704:714 microbial aggregation 694:714 microbial aggregation 694:714 Results show that although the secretion has weak bioflocculability in itself, it can significantly enhance the flocculability of bioflocculation-producing bacteria and promote formation of microbial aggregation and floc. 28161561 6 33 theme polysaccharides 1113:1127 arg1 contents 1068:1075 low contents 1064:1075 low contents of non-protein organic nitrogen and polysaccharides 1064:1127 Chemical composition analysis shows that low contents of non-protein organic nitrogen and polysaccharides are found in the RS, which implies that RS acts more like a growth-promoting substance or infochemical than as a nutrient in the promotion of bacterial growth. 28161561 0 34 theme bioflocculation-producing 29:53 arg1 bacteria 55:62 two bioflocculation-producing bacteria 25:62 two bioflocculation-producing bacteria 25:62 Enhanced flocculation of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria by secretion of Philodina erythrophthalma. 28161561 2 35 from species 365:371 arg1 RS 352:353 RS 352:353 RS 352:353 This study explores the effect of a rotifer secretion (RS) from the species Philodina erythrophthalma on the flocculation and growth of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria isolated from activated sludge. 28161561 2 35 from species 365:371 arg1 secretion 341:349 a rotifer secretion 331:349 a rotifer secretion (RS) from the species 331:371 This study explores the effect of a rotifer secretion (RS) from the species Philodina erythrophthalma on the flocculation and growth of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria isolated from activated sludge. 28161561 2 35 from species 365:371 arg1 effect 321:326 the effect 317:326 the effect of a rotifer secretion (RS) from the species Philodina erythrophthalma on the flocculation and growth of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria isolated from activated sludge 317:501 This study explores the effect of a rotifer secretion (RS) from the species Philodina erythrophthalma on the flocculation and growth of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria isolated from activated sludge. 28161561 3 36 contain has 545:547 arg2 bioflocculability 554:570 weak bioflocculability 549:570 weak bioflocculability 549:570 Results show that although the secretion has weak bioflocculability in itself, it can significantly enhance the flocculability of bioflocculation-producing bacteria and promote formation of microbial aggregation and floc. 28161561 3 36 contain has 545:547 arg1 secretion 535:543 the secretion 531:543 the secretion 531:543 Results show that although the secretion has weak bioflocculability in itself, it can significantly enhance the flocculability of bioflocculation-producing bacteria and promote formation of microbial aggregation and floc. 28161561 6 37 theme growth 1281:1286 arg1 promotion 1258:1266 the promotion 1254:1266 the promotion of bacterial growth 1254:1286 Chemical composition analysis shows that low contents of non-protein organic nitrogen and polysaccharides are found in the RS, which implies that RS acts more like a growth-promoting substance or infochemical than as a nutrient in the promotion of bacterial growth. 28161561 2 38 theme secretion 341:349 arg1 effect 321:326 the effect 317:326 the effect of a rotifer secretion (RS) from the species Philodina erythrophthalma on the flocculation and growth of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria isolated from activated sludge 317:501 This study explores the effect of a rotifer secretion (RS) from the species Philodina erythrophthalma on the flocculation and growth of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria isolated from activated sludge. 28161561 2 39 theme bacteria 463:470 arg1 growth 423:428 growth 423:428 growth 423:428 This study explores the effect of a rotifer secretion (RS) from the species Philodina erythrophthalma on the flocculation and growth of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria isolated from activated sludge. 28161561 2 39 theme bacteria 463:470 arg1 flocculation 406:417 flocculation 406:417 flocculation 406:417 This study explores the effect of a rotifer secretion (RS) from the species Philodina erythrophthalma on the flocculation and growth of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria isolated from activated sludge. 28161561 3 40 theme floc 720:723 arg1 formation 681:689 formation 681:689 formation of microbial aggregation and floc 681:723 Results show that although the secretion has weak bioflocculability in itself, it can significantly enhance the flocculability of bioflocculation-producing bacteria and promote formation of microbial aggregation and floc. 28161561 2 41 dep flocculation 406:417 arg1 the 402:404 the 402:404 the 402:404 This study explores the effect of a rotifer secretion (RS) from the species Philodina erythrophthalma on the flocculation and growth of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria isolated from activated sludge. 28161561 2 42 theme rotifer 333:339 arg1 RS 352:353 RS 352:353 RS 352:353 This study explores the effect of a rotifer secretion (RS) from the species Philodina erythrophthalma on the flocculation and growth of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria isolated from activated sludge. 28161561 2 42 theme rotifer 333:339 arg1 secretion 341:349 a rotifer secretion 331:349 a rotifer secretion (RS) from the species 331:371 This study explores the effect of a rotifer secretion (RS) from the species Philodina erythrophthalma on the flocculation and growth of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria isolated from activated sludge. 28161561 4 43 theme substance 837:845 arg1 contents 847:854 extracellular polymeric substance contents 813:854 extracellular polymeric substance contents 813:854 The possible mechanism is that the RS causes an increase in the bacteria densities and extracellular polymeric substance contents. 28161561 3 44 theme bacteria 660:667 arg1 flocculability 616:629 the flocculability 612:629 the flocculability of bioflocculation-producing bacteria 612:667 Results show that although the secretion has weak bioflocculability in itself, it can significantly enhance the flocculability of bioflocculation-producing bacteria and promote formation of microbial aggregation and floc. 28161561 6 45 theme nitrogen 1100:1107 arg1 contents 1068:1075 low contents 1064:1075 low contents of non-protein organic nitrogen and polysaccharides 1064:1127 Chemical composition analysis shows that low contents of non-protein organic nitrogen and polysaccharides are found in the RS, which implies that RS acts more like a growth-promoting substance or infochemical than as a nutrient in the promotion of bacterial growth. 28161561 3 46 theme aggregation 704:714 arg1 formation 681:689 formation 681:689 formation of microbial aggregation and floc 681:723 Results show that although the secretion has weak bioflocculability in itself, it can significantly enhance the flocculability of bioflocculation-producing bacteria and promote formation of microbial aggregation and floc. 28161561 4 47 theme polymeric 827:835 arg1 contents 847:854 extracellular polymeric substance contents 813:854 extracellular polymeric substance contents 813:854 The possible mechanism is that the RS causes an increase in the bacteria densities and extracellular polymeric substance contents. 28161561 1 48 theme promoting 147:155 arg1 role 157:160 a promoting role 145:160 a promoting role in microbial aggregation and floc formation in activated sludge systems 145:232 Bdelloid rotifer are reported to play a promoting role in microbial aggregation and floc formation in activated sludge systems; however, the mechanisms involved in this process are unclear. 28161561 6 49 theme organic 1092:1098 arg1 nitrogen 1100:1107 non-protein organic nitrogen 1080:1107 non-protein organic nitrogen 1080:1107 Chemical composition analysis shows that low contents of non-protein organic nitrogen and polysaccharides are found in the RS, which implies that RS acts more like a growth-promoting substance or infochemical than as a nutrient in the promotion of bacterial growth. 28161561 0 50 theme Philodina 80:88 arg1 erythrophthalma 90:104 Philodina erythrophthalma 80:104 Philodina erythrophthalma 80:104 Enhanced flocculation of two bioflocculation-producing bacteria by secretion of Philodina erythrophthalma. 28161561 6 51 from nutrient 1242:1249 arg1 promotion 1258:1266 the promotion 1254:1266 the promotion of bacterial growth 1254:1286 Chemical composition analysis shows that low contents of non-protein organic nitrogen and polysaccharides are found in the RS, which implies that RS acts more like a growth-promoting substance or infochemical than as a nutrient in the promotion of bacterial growth. 28161561 4 52 theme possible 730:737 arg1 mechanism 739:747 The possible mechanism 726:747 The possible mechanism 726:747 The possible mechanism is that the RS causes an increase in the bacteria densities and extracellular polymeric substance contents. 28161561 5 53 theme changing 917:924 arg1 tendency 926:933 an S-curve changing tendency 906:933 an S-curve changing tendency 906:933 The improvement of flocculability using RS shows an S-curve changing tendency with collection time, and corresponds with the first-order model with secretion dosage. 28161561 6 54 theme non-protein 1080:1090 arg1 nitrogen 1100:1107 non-protein organic nitrogen 1080:1107 non-protein organic nitrogen 1080:1107 Chemical composition analysis shows that low contents of non-protein organic nitrogen and polysaccharides are found in the RS, which implies that RS acts more like a growth-promoting substance or infochemical than as a nutrient in the promotion of bacterial growth. 28161561 3 55 theme bioflocculation-producing 634:658 arg1 bacteria 660:667 bioflocculation-producing bacteria 634:667 bioflocculation-producing bacteria 634:667 Results show that although the secretion has weak bioflocculability in itself, it can significantly enhance the flocculability of bioflocculation-producing bacteria and promote formation of microbial aggregation and floc. 25779319 7 0 theme strains 1190:1196 arg1 activity 1164:1171 general efflux activity 1149:1171 general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) 1149:1260 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 7 1 theme inhibitors 1412:1421 arg1 search 1402:1407 search 1402:1407 search of inhibitors of efflux pumps 1402:1437 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 5 2 theme genes 656:660 arg1 expression 630:639 Increased expression 620:639 Increased expression of efflux pump genes 620:660 Increased expression of efflux pump genes confers a low level resistance phenotype, and under these conditions, bacteria may have greater chances of acquiring chromosomal mutation(s) conferring higher levels of drug resistance. 25779319 0 3 from efflux 10:15 arg1 mycobacteria 37:48 mycobacteria 37:48 mycobacteria 37:48 Measuring efflux and permeability in mycobacteria. 25779319 7 4 dep quantification 1131:1144 arg1 1 1124:1124 1 1124:1124 1 1124:1124 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 7 4 dep quantification 1131:1144 arg1 efflux 1304:1309 efflux 1304:1309 efflux 1304:1309 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 7 4 dep quantification 1131:1144 arg1 influx 1293:1298 influx 1293:1298 influx 1293:1298 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 6 5 theme wall 1002:1005 arg1 expression 1025:1034 the increased expression 1011:1034 the increased expression of efflux pumps 1011:1050 In order to develop effective antimycobacterial therapeutic strategies, the contributions to drug resistance made by the limited permeability of the cell wall and the increased expression of efflux pumps must be understood. 25779319 6 5 theme wall 1002:1005 arg1 permeability 977:988 the limited permeability 965:988 the limited permeability of the cell wall 965:1005 In order to develop effective antimycobacterial therapeutic strategies, the contributions to drug resistance made by the limited permeability of the cell wall and the increased expression of efflux pumps must be understood. 25779319 6 6 theme drug 941:944 arg1 resistance 946:955 drug resistance 941:955 drug resistance 941:955 In order to develop effective antimycobacterial therapeutic strategies, the contributions to drug resistance made by the limited permeability of the cell wall and the increased expression of efflux pumps must be understood. 25779319 7 7 theme fluorescent 1315:1325 arg1 bromide 1355:1361 ethidium bromide 1346:1361 ethidium bromide 1346:1361 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 7 7 theme fluorescent 1315:1325 arg1 compounds 1327:1335 fluorescent compounds 1315:1335 fluorescent compounds 1315:1335 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 7 7 theme fluorescent 1315:1325 arg1 screening 1376:1384 the screening 1372:1384 (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps 1368:1437 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 1 8 theme intrinsic 55:63 arg1 resistance 65:74 The intrinsic resistance 51:74 The intrinsic resistance of mycobacteria to most antimicrobial agents 51:119 The intrinsic resistance of mycobacteria to most antimicrobial agents is mainly attributed to the synergy between their relatively impermeable cell wall and efflux systems. 25779319 7 9 theme ethidium 1346:1353 arg1 bromide 1355:1361 ethidium bromide 1346:1361 ethidium bromide 1346:1361 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 6 10 theme cell 997:1000 arg1 wall 1002:1005 the cell wall 993:1005 the cell wall 993:1005 In order to develop effective antimycobacterial therapeutic strategies, the contributions to drug resistance made by the limited permeability of the cell wall and the increased expression of efflux pumps must be understood. 25779319 7 11 theme activity 1164:1171 arg1 quantification 1131:1144 the quantification 1127:1144 : (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux 1121:1521 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 5 12 contain have 745:748 arg2 chances 758:764 greater chances 750:764 greater chances of acquiring chromosomal mutation(s) conferring higher levels of drug resistance 750:845 Increased expression of efflux pump genes confers a low level resistance phenotype, and under these conditions, bacteria may have greater chances of acquiring chromosomal mutation(s) conferring higher levels of drug resistance. 25779319 5 12 contain have 745:748 arg1 bacteria 732:739 bacteria 732:739 bacteria 732:739 Increased expression of efflux pump genes confers a low level resistance phenotype, and under these conditions, bacteria may have greater chances of acquiring chromosomal mutation(s) conferring higher levels of drug resistance. 25779319 5 13 theme low 672:674 arg1 phenotype 693:701 a low level resistance phenotype 670:701 a low level resistance phenotype 670:701 Increased expression of efflux pump genes confers a low level resistance phenotype, and under these conditions, bacteria may have greater chances of acquiring chromosomal mutation(s) conferring higher levels of drug resistance. 25779319 4 14 from cytoplasm 576:584 arg1 capable 488:494 capable 488:494 capable 488:494 Bacterial efflux pumps are membrane proteins that are capable of actively transporting a broad range of substrates, including drugs, from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment. 25779319 6 15 theme therapeutic 896:906 arg1 strategies 908:917 effective antimycobacterial therapeutic strategies 868:917 effective antimycobacterial therapeutic strategies 868:917 In order to develop effective antimycobacterial therapeutic strategies, the contributions to drug resistance made by the limited permeability of the cell wall and the increased expression of efflux pumps must be understood. 25779319 5 16 theme drug 831:834 arg1 resistance 836:845 drug resistance 831:845 drug resistance 831:845 Increased expression of efflux pump genes confers a low level resistance phenotype, and under these conditions, bacteria may have greater chances of acquiring chromosomal mutation(s) conferring higher levels of drug resistance. 25779319 3 17 theme cell 352:355 arg1 wall 357:360 cell wall composition or structure 352:385 wall 357:360 Changes in cell wall composition or structure lead to variations in susceptibility to drugs. 25779319 6 18 theme antimycobacterial 878:894 arg1 strategies 908:917 effective antimycobacterial therapeutic strategies 868:917 effective antimycobacterial therapeutic strategies 868:917 In order to develop effective antimycobacterial therapeutic strategies, the contributions to drug resistance made by the limited permeability of the cell wall and the increased expression of efflux pumps must be understood. 25779319 1 19 theme mycobacteria 79:90 arg1 resistance 65:74 The intrinsic resistance 51:74 The intrinsic resistance of mycobacteria to most antimicrobial agents 51:119 The intrinsic resistance of mycobacteria to most antimicrobial agents is mainly attributed to the synergy between their relatively impermeable cell wall and efflux systems. 25779319 1 20 theme impermeable 182:192 arg1 wall 199:202 their relatively impermeable cell wall 165:202 their relatively impermeable cell wall 165:202 The intrinsic resistance of mycobacteria to most antimicrobial agents is mainly attributed to the synergy between their relatively impermeable cell wall and efflux systems. 25779319 6 21 theme effective 868:876 arg1 strategies 908:917 effective antimycobacterial therapeutic strategies 868:917 effective antimycobacterial therapeutic strategies 868:917 In order to develop effective antimycobacterial therapeutic strategies, the contributions to drug resistance made by the limited permeability of the cell wall and the increased expression of efflux pumps must be understood. 25779319 5 22 theme efflux 644:649 arg1 genes 656:660 efflux pump genes 644:660 efflux pump genes 644:660 Increased expression of efflux pump genes confers a low level resistance phenotype, and under these conditions, bacteria may have greater chances of acquiring chromosomal mutation(s) conferring higher levels of drug resistance. 25779319 7 23 theme clinical 1199:1206 arg1 isolates 1208:1215 clinical isolates 1199:1215 clinical isolates 1199:1215 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 5 24 theme resistance 682:691 arg1 phenotype 693:701 a low level resistance phenotype 670:701 a low level resistance phenotype 670:701 Increased expression of efflux pump genes confers a low level resistance phenotype, and under these conditions, bacteria may have greater chances of acquiring chromosomal mutation(s) conferring higher levels of drug resistance. 25779319 1 25 theme cell 194:197 arg1 wall 199:202 their relatively impermeable cell wall 165:202 their relatively impermeable cell wall 165:202 The intrinsic resistance of mycobacteria to most antimicrobial agents is mainly attributed to the synergy between their relatively impermeable cell wall and efflux systems. 25779319 4 26 theme broad 523:527 arg1 drugs 560:564 drugs 560:564 drugs 560:564 Bacterial efflux pumps are membrane proteins that are capable of actively transporting a broad range of substrates, including drugs, from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment. 25779319 4 26 theme broad 523:527 arg1 range 529:533 a broad range 521:533 a broad range of substrates, including drugs 521:564 Bacterial efflux pumps are membrane proteins that are capable of actively transporting a broad range of substrates, including drugs, from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment. 25779319 7 27 theme compounds 1389:1397 arg1 bromide 1355:1361 ethidium bromide 1346:1361 ethidium bromide 1346:1361 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 7 27 theme compounds 1389:1397 arg1 screening 1376:1384 the screening 1372:1384 (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps 1368:1437 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 4 28 theme Bacterial 434:442 arg1 pumps 451:455 Bacterial efflux pumps 434:455 Bacterial efflux pumps 434:455 Bacterial efflux pumps are membrane proteins that are capable of actively transporting a broad range of substrates, including drugs, from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment. 25779319 4 28 theme Bacterial 434:442 arg1 proteins 470:477 membrane proteins 461:477 membrane proteins that are capable of actively transporting a broad range of substrates, including drugs, from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment 461:617 Bacterial efflux pumps are membrane proteins that are capable of actively transporting a broad range of substrates, including drugs, from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment. 25779319 1 29 theme most 95:98 arg1 agents 114:119 most antimicrobial agents 95:119 most antimicrobial agents 95:119 The intrinsic resistance of mycobacteria to most antimicrobial agents is mainly attributed to the synergy between their relatively impermeable cell wall and efflux systems. 25779319 2 30 from rich 255:258 arg1 polysaccharides 274:288 polysaccharides 274:288 polysaccharides 274:288 The mycobacterial cell wall is rich in lipids and polysaccharides making a compact envelope that limits drug uptake. 25779319 2 30 from rich 255:258 arg1 lipids 263:268 lipids 263:268 lipids 263:268 The mycobacterial cell wall is rich in lipids and polysaccharides making a compact envelope that limits drug uptake. 25779319 7 31 theme transport 1282:1290 arg1 quantification 1131:1144 the quantification 1127:1144 : (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux 1121:1521 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 5 32 theme higher 814:819 arg1 levels 821:826 higher levels 814:826 higher levels of drug resistance 814:845 Increased expression of efflux pump genes confers a low level resistance phenotype, and under these conditions, bacteria may have greater chances of acquiring chromosomal mutation(s) conferring higher levels of drug resistance. 25779319 7 33 dep strains 1190:1196 arg1 permeability 1248:1259 permeability 1248:1259 permeability 1248:1259 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 7 33 dep strains 1190:1196 arg1 mutants 1218:1224 mutants 1218:1224 mutants impaired in efflux 1218:1243 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 7 33 dep strains 1190:1196 arg1 isolates 1208:1215 clinical isolates 1199:1215 clinical isolates 1199:1215 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 5 34 theme Increased 620:628 arg1 expression 630:639 Increased expression 620:639 Increased expression of efflux pump genes 620:660 Increased expression of efflux pump genes confers a low level resistance phenotype, and under these conditions, bacteria may have greater chances of acquiring chromosomal mutation(s) conferring higher levels of drug resistance. 25779319 1 35 theme antimicrobial 100:112 arg1 agents 114:119 most antimicrobial agents 95:119 most antimicrobial agents 95:119 The intrinsic resistance of mycobacteria to most antimicrobial agents is mainly attributed to the synergy between their relatively impermeable cell wall and efflux systems. 25779319 6 36 theme limited 969:975 arg1 permeability 977:988 the limited permeability 965:988 the limited permeability of the cell wall 965:1005 In order to develop effective antimycobacterial therapeutic strategies, the contributions to drug resistance made by the limited permeability of the cell wall and the increased expression of efflux pumps must be understood. 25779319 2 37 theme compact 299:305 arg1 envelope 307:314 a compact envelope 297:314 a compact envelope that limits drug uptake 297:338 The mycobacterial cell wall is rich in lipids and polysaccharides making a compact envelope that limits drug uptake. 25779319 2 38 from lipids 263:268 arg1 rich 255:258 rich 255:258 rich 255:258 The mycobacterial cell wall is rich in lipids and polysaccharides making a compact envelope that limits drug uptake. 25779319 2 38 from lipids 263:268 arg1 wall 247:250 The mycobacterial cell wall 224:250 The mycobacterial cell wall 224:250 The mycobacterial cell wall is rich in lipids and polysaccharides making a compact envelope that limits drug uptake. 25779319 1 39 theme efflux 208:213 arg1 systems 215:221 efflux systems 208:221 efflux systems 208:221 The intrinsic resistance of mycobacteria to most antimicrobial agents is mainly attributed to the synergy between their relatively impermeable cell wall and efflux systems. 25779319 5 40 theme chromosomal 779:789 arg1 s 800:800 chromosomal mutation(s) 779:801 chromosomal mutation(s) conferring higher levels of drug resistance 779:845 Increased expression of efflux pump genes confers a low level resistance phenotype, and under these conditions, bacteria may have greater chances of acquiring chromosomal mutation(s) conferring higher levels of drug resistance. 25779319 7 41 theme efflux 1157:1162 arg1 activity 1164:1171 general efflux activity 1149:1171 general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) 1149:1260 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 6 42 theme pumps 1046:1050 arg1 expression 1025:1034 the increased expression 1011:1034 the increased expression of efflux pumps 1011:1050 In order to develop effective antimycobacterial therapeutic strategies, the contributions to drug resistance made by the limited permeability of the cell wall and the increased expression of efflux pumps must be understood. 25779319 6 42 theme pumps 1046:1050 arg1 permeability 977:988 the limited permeability 965:988 the limited permeability of the cell wall 965:1005 In order to develop effective antimycobacterial therapeutic strategies, the contributions to drug resistance made by the limited permeability of the cell wall and the increased expression of efflux pumps must be understood. 25779319 5 43 theme resistance 836:845 arg1 levels 821:826 higher levels 814:826 higher levels of drug resistance 814:845 Increased expression of efflux pump genes confers a low level resistance phenotype, and under these conditions, bacteria may have greater chances of acquiring chromosomal mutation(s) conferring higher levels of drug resistance. 25779319 5 44 theme mutation 791:798 arg1 s 800:800 chromosomal mutation(s) 779:801 chromosomal mutation(s) conferring higher levels of drug resistance 779:845 Increased expression of efflux pump genes confers a low level resistance phenotype, and under these conditions, bacteria may have greater chances of acquiring chromosomal mutation(s) conferring higher levels of drug resistance. 25779319 2 45 theme cell 242:245 arg1 rich 255:258 rich 255:258 rich 255:258 The mycobacterial cell wall is rich in lipids and polysaccharides making a compact envelope that limits drug uptake. 25779319 2 45 theme cell 242:245 arg1 wall 247:250 The mycobacterial cell wall 224:250 The mycobacterial cell wall 224:250 The mycobacterial cell wall is rich in lipids and polysaccharides making a compact envelope that limits drug uptake. 25779319 6 46 theme efflux 1039:1044 arg1 pumps 1046:1050 efflux pumps 1039:1050 efflux pumps 1039:1050 In order to develop effective antimycobacterial therapeutic strategies, the contributions to drug resistance made by the limited permeability of the cell wall and the increased expression of efflux pumps must be understood. 25779319 7 47 dep screening 1376:1384 arg1 2 1369:1369 2 1369:1369 2 1369:1369 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 5 48 theme level 676:680 arg1 phenotype 693:701 a low level resistance phenotype 670:701 a low level resistance phenotype 670:701 Increased expression of efflux pump genes confers a low level resistance phenotype, and under these conditions, bacteria may have greater chances of acquiring chromosomal mutation(s) conferring higher levels of drug resistance. 25779319 4 49 theme membrane 461:468 arg1 pumps 451:455 Bacterial efflux pumps 434:455 Bacterial efflux pumps 434:455 Bacterial efflux pumps are membrane proteins that are capable of actively transporting a broad range of substrates, including drugs, from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment. 25779319 4 49 theme membrane 461:468 arg1 proteins 470:477 membrane proteins 461:477 membrane proteins that are capable of actively transporting a broad range of substrates, including drugs, from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment 461:617 Bacterial efflux pumps are membrane proteins that are capable of actively transporting a broad range of substrates, including drugs, from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment. 25779319 2 50 theme mycobacterial 228:240 arg1 rich 255:258 rich 255:258 rich 255:258 The mycobacterial cell wall is rich in lipids and polysaccharides making a compact envelope that limits drug uptake. 25779319 2 50 theme mycobacterial 228:240 arg1 wall 247:250 The mycobacterial cell wall 224:250 The mycobacterial cell wall 224:250 The mycobacterial cell wall is rich in lipids and polysaccharides making a compact envelope that limits drug uptake. 25779319 3 51 from variations 395:404 arg1 susceptibility 409:422 susceptibility 409:422 susceptibility to drugs 409:431 Changes in cell wall composition or structure lead to variations in susceptibility to drugs. 25779319 7 52 theme pumps 1433:1437 arg1 inhibitors 1412:1421 inhibitors 1412:1421 inhibitors of efflux pumps 1412:1437 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 7 53 theme compounds 1327:1335 arg1 quantification 1131:1144 the quantification 1127:1144 : (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux 1121:1521 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 7 54 theme mycobacterial 1176:1188 arg1 strains 1190:1196 mycobacterial strains 1176:1196 mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) 1176:1260 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 5 55 theme pump 651:654 arg1 genes 656:660 efflux pump genes 644:660 efflux pump genes 644:660 Increased expression of efflux pump genes confers a low level resistance phenotype, and under these conditions, bacteria may have greater chances of acquiring chromosomal mutation(s) conferring higher levels of drug resistance. 25779319 2 56 from polysaccharides 274:288 arg1 rich 255:258 rich 255:258 rich 255:258 The mycobacterial cell wall is rich in lipids and polysaccharides making a compact envelope that limits drug uptake. 25779319 2 56 from polysaccharides 274:288 arg1 wall 247:250 The mycobacterial cell wall 224:250 The mycobacterial cell wall 224:250 The mycobacterial cell wall is rich in lipids and polysaccharides making a compact envelope that limits drug uptake. 25779319 4 57 theme substrates 538:547 arg1 drugs 560:564 drugs 560:564 drugs 560:564 Bacterial efflux pumps are membrane proteins that are capable of actively transporting a broad range of substrates, including drugs, from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment. 25779319 4 57 theme substrates 538:547 arg1 range 529:533 a broad range 521:533 a broad range of substrates, including drugs 521:564 Bacterial efflux pumps are membrane proteins that are capable of actively transporting a broad range of substrates, including drugs, from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment. 25779319 3 58 dep wall 357:360 arg1 composition 362:372 composition 362:372 composition 362:372 Changes in cell wall composition or structure lead to variations in susceptibility to drugs. 25779319 4 59 theme efflux 444:449 arg1 pumps 451:455 Bacterial efflux pumps 434:455 Bacterial efflux pumps 434:455 Bacterial efflux pumps are membrane proteins that are capable of actively transporting a broad range of substrates, including drugs, from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment. 25779319 4 59 theme efflux 444:449 arg1 proteins 470:477 membrane proteins 461:477 membrane proteins that are capable of actively transporting a broad range of substrates, including drugs, from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment 461:617 Bacterial efflux pumps are membrane proteins that are capable of actively transporting a broad range of substrates, including drugs, from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment. 25779319 2 60 theme drug 328:331 arg1 uptake 333:338 drug uptake 328:338 drug uptake 328:338 The mycobacterial cell wall is rich in lipids and polysaccharides making a compact envelope that limits drug uptake. 25779319 7 61 from bromide 1355:1361 arg1 search 1402:1407 search 1402:1407 search of inhibitors of efflux pumps 1402:1437 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 4 62 theme extracellular 593:605 arg1 environment 607:617 the extracellular environment 589:617 the extracellular environment 589:617 Bacterial efflux pumps are membrane proteins that are capable of actively transporting a broad range of substrates, including drugs, from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment. 25779319 5 63 theme greater 750:756 arg1 chances 758:764 greater chances 750:764 greater chances of acquiring chromosomal mutation(s) conferring higher levels of drug resistance 750:845 Increased expression of efflux pump genes confers a low level resistance phenotype, and under these conditions, bacteria may have greater chances of acquiring chromosomal mutation(s) conferring higher levels of drug resistance. 25779319 3 64 from Changes 341:347 arg1 wall 357:360 cell wall composition or structure 352:385 wall 357:360 Changes in cell wall composition or structure lead to variations in susceptibility to drugs. 25779319 3 64 from Changes 341:347 arg1 structure 377:385 structure 377:385 structure 377:385 Changes in cell wall composition or structure lead to variations in susceptibility to drugs. 25779319 6 65 theme increased 1015:1023 arg1 expression 1025:1034 the increased expression 1011:1034 the increased expression of efflux pumps 1011:1050 In order to develop effective antimycobacterial therapeutic strategies, the contributions to drug resistance made by the limited permeability of the cell wall and the increased expression of efflux pumps must be understood. 25779319 0 66 from permeability 21:32 arg1 mycobacteria 37:48 mycobacteria 37:48 mycobacteria 37:48 Measuring efflux and permeability in mycobacteria. 25779319 7 67 from screening 1376:1384 arg1 search 1402:1407 search 1402:1407 search of inhibitors of efflux pumps 1402:1437 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 7 68 theme general 1149:1155 arg1 activity 1164:1171 general efflux activity 1149:1171 general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) 1149:1260 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 25779319 7 69 theme efflux 1426:1431 arg1 pumps 1433:1437 efflux pumps 1426:1437 efflux pumps 1426:1437 In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influx and efflux) of fluorescent compounds, such as ethidium bromide; and (2) the screening of compounds in search of inhibitors of efflux pumps, which could restore the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are subject to efflux. 28220415 1 0 theme important 250:258 arg1 step 260:263 an important step 247:263 an important step in plant and animal innate immunity 247:299 Recognition of molecules typical of microbes or aberrant cellular states, termed microbe- or danger-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs), respectively, provides an important step in plant and animal innate immunity. 28220415 4 1 from pathway 807:813 arg1 ER 822:823 the ER 818:823 the ER 818:823 In Arabidopsis, genetic studies have revealed that a subset of these PRRs require an intact N-glycosylation pathway in the ER for their biogenesis and function. 28220415 4 2 theme N-glycosylation 791:805 arg1 pathway 807:813 an intact N-glycosylation pathway 781:813 an intact N-glycosylation pathway in the ER for their biogenesis and function 781:857 In Arabidopsis, genetic studies have revealed that a subset of these PRRs require an intact N-glycosylation pathway in the ER for their biogenesis and function. 28220415 3 3 theme -linked 616:622 arg1 glycosylation 624:636 Asn (N)-linked glycosylation 609:636 Asn (N)-linked glycosylation (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation) of their extracellular domain 609:696 These PRRs undergo quality control (QC) in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) that is dependent on Asn (N)-linked glycosylation (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation) of their extracellular domain. 28220415 3 3 theme -linked 616:622 arg1 conjugation 655:665 Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation 639:665 Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation 639:665 These PRRs undergo quality control (QC) in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) that is dependent on Asn (N)-linked glycosylation (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation) of their extracellular domain. 28220415 2 4 from plants 305:310 arg1 limited 373:379 limited 373:379 limited 373:379 In plants, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) identified to date are limited to membrane-associated proteins, of which the majority has an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) or lysine-motif (LysM) domain. 28220415 2 5 theme LysM 500:503 arg1 domain 506:511 lysine-motif (LysM) domain 486:511 lysine-motif (LysM) domain 486:511 In plants, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) identified to date are limited to membrane-associated proteins, of which the majority has an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) or lysine-motif (LysM) domain. 28220415 5 6 theme immunoblot-based 890:905 arg1 detection 907:915 immunoblot-based detection 890:915 immunoblot-based detection of protein glycosylation states in plants 890:957 Here, we describe methods for immunoblot-based detection of protein glycosylation states in plants. 28220415 1 7 theme cellular 136:143 arg1 states 145:150 aberrant cellular states 127:150 aberrant cellular states 127:150 Recognition of molecules typical of microbes or aberrant cellular states, termed microbe- or danger-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs), respectively, provides an important step in plant and animal innate immunity. 28220415 2 8 contain has 436:438 arg1 majority 427:434 the majority 423:434 the majority 423:434 In plants, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) identified to date are limited to membrane-associated proteins, of which the majority has an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) or lysine-motif (LysM) domain. 28220415 2 8 contain has 436:438 arg2 domain 506:511 lysine-motif (LysM) domain 486:511 lysine-motif (LysM) domain 486:511 In plants, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) identified to date are limited to membrane-associated proteins, of which the majority has an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) or lysine-motif (LysM) domain. 28220415 2 8 contain has 436:438 arg2 LRR 478:480 LRR 478:480 LRR 478:480 In plants, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) identified to date are limited to membrane-associated proteins, of which the majority has an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) or lysine-motif (LysM) domain. 28220415 2 8 contain has 436:438 arg2 repeat 470:475 an extracellular leucine-rich repeat 440:475 an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) 440:481 In plants, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) identified to date are limited to membrane-associated proteins, of which the majority has an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) or lysine-motif (LysM) domain. 28220415 4 9 theme genetic 715:721 arg1 studies 723:729 genetic studies 715:729 genetic studies 715:729 In Arabidopsis, genetic studies have revealed that a subset of these PRRs require an intact N-glycosylation pathway in the ER for their biogenesis and function. 28220415 2 10 theme lysine-motif 486:497 arg1 domain 506:511 lysine-motif (LysM) domain 486:511 lysine-motif (LysM) domain 486:511 In plants, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) identified to date are limited to membrane-associated proteins, of which the majority has an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) or lysine-motif (LysM) domain. 28220415 3 11 theme Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 639:653 arg1 glycosylation 624:636 Asn (N)-linked glycosylation 609:636 Asn (N)-linked glycosylation (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation) of their extracellular domain 609:696 These PRRs undergo quality control (QC) in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) that is dependent on Asn (N)-linked glycosylation (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation) of their extracellular domain. 28220415 3 11 theme Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 639:653 arg1 conjugation 655:665 Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation 639:665 Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation 639:665 These PRRs undergo quality control (QC) in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) that is dependent on Asn (N)-linked glycosylation (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation) of their extracellular domain. 28220415 4 12 theme PRRs 768:771 arg1 subset 752:757 a subset 750:757 a subset of these PRRs 750:771 In Arabidopsis, genetic studies have revealed that a subset of these PRRs require an intact N-glycosylation pathway in the ER for their biogenesis and function. 28220415 1 13 theme danger-associated 172:188 arg1 MAMPs/DAMPs 210:220 MAMPs/DAMPs 210:220 MAMPs/DAMPs 210:220 Recognition of molecules typical of microbes or aberrant cellular states, termed microbe- or danger-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs), respectively, provides an important step in plant and animal innate immunity. 28220415 1 13 theme danger-associated 172:188 arg1 patterns 200:207 danger-associated molecular patterns 172:207 danger-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs) 172:221 Recognition of molecules typical of microbes or aberrant cellular states, termed microbe- or danger-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs), respectively, provides an important step in plant and animal innate immunity. 28220415 4 14 theme intact 784:789 arg1 pathway 807:813 an intact N-glycosylation pathway 781:813 an intact N-glycosylation pathway in the ER for their biogenesis and function 781:857 In Arabidopsis, genetic studies have revealed that a subset of these PRRs require an intact N-glycosylation pathway in the ER for their biogenesis and function. 28220415 1 15 theme molecular 190:198 arg1 MAMPs/DAMPs 210:220 MAMPs/DAMPs 210:220 MAMPs/DAMPs 210:220 Recognition of molecules typical of microbes or aberrant cellular states, termed microbe- or danger-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs), respectively, provides an important step in plant and animal innate immunity. 28220415 1 15 theme molecular 190:198 arg1 patterns 200:207 danger-associated molecular patterns 172:207 danger-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs) 172:221 Recognition of molecules typical of microbes or aberrant cellular states, termed microbe- or danger-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs), respectively, provides an important step in plant and animal innate immunity. 28220415 3 16 theme domain 691:696 arg1 glycosylation 624:636 Asn (N)-linked glycosylation 609:636 Asn (N)-linked glycosylation (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation) of their extracellular domain 609:696 These PRRs undergo quality control (QC) in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) that is dependent on Asn (N)-linked glycosylation (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation) of their extracellular domain. 28220415 3 16 theme domain 691:696 arg1 conjugation 655:665 Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation 639:665 Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation 639:665 These PRRs undergo quality control (QC) in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) that is dependent on Asn (N)-linked glycosylation (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation) of their extracellular domain. 28220415 1 17 theme molecules 94:102 arg1 Recognition 79:89 Recognition 79:89 Recognition 79:89 Recognition of molecules typical of microbes or aberrant cellular states, termed microbe- or danger-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs), respectively, provides an important step in plant and animal innate immunity. 28220415 5 18 theme states 942:947 arg1 detection 907:915 immunoblot-based detection 890:915 immunoblot-based detection of protein glycosylation states in plants 890:957 Here, we describe methods for immunoblot-based detection of protein glycosylation states in plants. 28220415 1 19 theme typical 104:110 arg1 molecules 94:102 molecules 94:102 molecules typical of microbes or aberrant cellular states 94:150 Recognition of molecules typical of microbes or aberrant cellular states, termed microbe- or danger-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs), respectively, provides an important step in plant and animal innate immunity. 28220415 3 20 link -linked 616:622 arg1 glycosylation 624:636 Asn (N)-linked glycosylation 609:636 Asn (N)-linked glycosylation (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation) of their extracellular domain 609:696 These PRRs undergo quality control (QC) in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) that is dependent on Asn (N)-linked glycosylation (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation) of their extracellular domain. 28220415 3 20 link -linked 616:622 arg1 conjugation 655:665 Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation 639:665 Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation 639:665 These PRRs undergo quality control (QC) in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) that is dependent on Asn (N)-linked glycosylation (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation) of their extracellular domain. 28220415 0 21 theme Protein 13:19 arg1 Glycosylation 21:33 Protein Glycosylation 13:33 Protein Glycosylation of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Plants 13:76 Analysis for Protein Glycosylation of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Plants. 28220415 1 22 theme innate 285:290 arg1 immunity 292:299 innate immunity 285:299 innate immunity 285:299 Recognition of molecules typical of microbes or aberrant cellular states, termed microbe- or danger-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs), respectively, provides an important step in plant and animal innate immunity. 28220415 3 23 theme quality 533:539 arg1 QC 550:551 QC 550:551 QC 550:551 These PRRs undergo quality control (QC) in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) that is dependent on Asn (N)-linked glycosylation (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation) of their extracellular domain. 28220415 3 23 theme quality 533:539 arg1 control 541:547 quality control 533:547 quality control (QC) 533:552 These PRRs undergo quality control (QC) in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) that is dependent on Asn (N)-linked glycosylation (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation) of their extracellular domain. 28220415 0 24 theme Pattern 38:44 arg1 Receptors 58:66 Pattern Recognition Receptors 38:66 Pattern Recognition Receptors 38:66 Analysis for Protein Glycosylation of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Plants. 28220415 3 25 theme extracellular 677:689 arg1 domain 691:696 their extracellular domain 671:696 their extracellular domain 671:696 These PRRs undergo quality control (QC) in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) that is dependent on Asn (N)-linked glycosylation (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation) of their extracellular domain. 28220415 2 26 theme leucine-rich 457:468 arg1 LRR 478:480 LRR 478:480 LRR 478:480 In plants, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) identified to date are limited to membrane-associated proteins, of which the majority has an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) or lysine-motif (LysM) domain. 28220415 2 26 theme leucine-rich 457:468 arg1 repeat 470:475 an extracellular leucine-rich repeat 440:475 an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) 440:481 In plants, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) identified to date are limited to membrane-associated proteins, of which the majority has an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) or lysine-motif (LysM) domain. 28220415 1 27 from step 260:263 arg1 animal 278:283 animal 278:283 animal 278:283 Recognition of molecules typical of microbes or aberrant cellular states, termed microbe- or danger-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs), respectively, provides an important step in plant and animal innate immunity. 28220415 1 27 from step 260:263 arg1 plant 268:272 plant 268:272 plant 268:272 Recognition of molecules typical of microbes or aberrant cellular states, termed microbe- or danger-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs), respectively, provides an important step in plant and animal innate immunity. 28220415 2 28 theme membrane-associated 384:402 arg1 proteins 404:411 membrane-associated proteins 384:411 membrane-associated proteins 384:411 In plants, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) identified to date are limited to membrane-associated proteins, of which the majority has an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) or lysine-motif (LysM) domain. 28220415 0 29 theme Receptors 58:66 arg1 Glycosylation 21:33 Protein Glycosylation 13:33 Protein Glycosylation of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Plants 13:76 Analysis for Protein Glycosylation of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Plants. 28220415 3 30 gly glycosylation 624:636 arg1 domain 691:696 their extracellular domain 671:696 their extracellular domain 671:696 These PRRs undergo quality control (QC) in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) that is dependent on Asn (N)-linked glycosylation (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation) of their extracellular domain. 28220415 1 31 theme microbes 115:122 arg1 typical 104:110 typical 104:110 typical 104:110 Recognition of molecules typical of microbes or aberrant cellular states, termed microbe- or danger-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs), respectively, provides an important step in plant and animal innate immunity. 28220415 0 32 theme Recognition 46:56 arg1 Receptors 58:66 Pattern Recognition Receptors 38:66 Pattern Recognition Receptors 38:66 Analysis for Protein Glycosylation of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Plants. 28220415 0 33 gly Glycosylation 21:33 arg1 Receptors 58:66 Pattern Recognition Receptors 38:66 Pattern Recognition Receptors 38:66 Analysis for Protein Glycosylation of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Plants. 28220415 1 34 dep plant 268:272 arg1 immunity 292:299 innate immunity 285:299 innate immunity 285:299 Recognition of molecules typical of microbes or aberrant cellular states, termed microbe- or danger-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs), respectively, provides an important step in plant and animal innate immunity. 28220415 5 35 theme protein 920:926 arg1 states 942:947 protein glycosylation states 920:947 protein glycosylation states 920:947 Here, we describe methods for immunoblot-based detection of protein glycosylation states in plants. 28220415 2 36 from limited 373:379 arg1 plants 305:310 plants 305:310 plants 305:310 In plants, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) identified to date are limited to membrane-associated proteins, of which the majority has an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) or lysine-motif (LysM) domain. 28220415 1 37 theme aberrant 127:134 arg1 states 145:150 aberrant cellular states 127:150 aberrant cellular states 127:150 Recognition of molecules typical of microbes or aberrant cellular states, termed microbe- or danger-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs), respectively, provides an important step in plant and animal innate immunity. 28220415 5 38 theme glycosylation 928:940 arg1 states 942:947 protein glycosylation states 920:947 protein glycosylation states 920:947 Here, we describe methods for immunoblot-based detection of protein glycosylation states in plants. 28220415 2 39 theme pattern 313:319 arg1 receptors 333:341 pattern recognition receptors 313:341 pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) identified to date 313:367 In plants, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) identified to date are limited to membrane-associated proteins, of which the majority has an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) or lysine-motif (LysM) domain. 28220415 2 39 theme pattern 313:319 arg1 PRRs 344:347 PRRs 344:347 PRRs 344:347 In plants, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) identified to date are limited to membrane-associated proteins, of which the majority has an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) or lysine-motif (LysM) domain. 28220415 2 40 theme recognition 321:331 arg1 receptors 333:341 pattern recognition receptors 313:341 pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) identified to date 313:367 In plants, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) identified to date are limited to membrane-associated proteins, of which the majority has an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) or lysine-motif (LysM) domain. 28220415 2 40 theme recognition 321:331 arg1 PRRs 344:347 PRRs 344:347 PRRs 344:347 In plants, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) identified to date are limited to membrane-associated proteins, of which the majority has an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) or lysine-motif (LysM) domain. 28220415 3 41 theme Endoplasmic 561:571 arg1 Reticulum 573:581 the Endoplasmic Reticulum 557:581 the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) that is dependent on Asn (N)-linked glycosylation (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation) of their extracellular domain 557:696 These PRRs undergo quality control (QC) in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) that is dependent on Asn (N)-linked glycosylation (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation) of their extracellular domain. 28220415 3 41 theme Endoplasmic 561:571 arg1 dependent 596:604 dependent 596:604 dependent 596:604 These PRRs undergo quality control (QC) in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) that is dependent on Asn (N)-linked glycosylation (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation) of their extracellular domain. 28220415 3 41 theme Endoplasmic 561:571 arg1 ER 584:585 ER 584:585 ER 584:585 These PRRs undergo quality control (QC) in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) that is dependent on Asn (N)-linked glycosylation (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 conjugation) of their extracellular domain. 28220415 1 42 theme states 145:150 arg1 typical 104:110 typical 104:110 typical 104:110 Recognition of molecules typical of microbes or aberrant cellular states, termed microbe- or danger-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs), respectively, provides an important step in plant and animal innate immunity. 28220415 2 43 theme extracellular 443:455 arg1 LRR 478:480 LRR 478:480 LRR 478:480 In plants, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) identified to date are limited to membrane-associated proteins, of which the majority has an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) or lysine-motif (LysM) domain. 28220415 2 43 theme extracellular 443:455 arg1 repeat 470:475 an extracellular leucine-rich repeat 440:475 an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) 440:481 In plants, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) identified to date are limited to membrane-associated proteins, of which the majority has an extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) or lysine-motif (LysM) domain. 28220415 0 44 from Glycosylation 21:33 arg1 Plants 71:76 Plants 71:76 Plants 71:76 Analysis for Protein Glycosylation of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Plants. 28220415 5 45 from detection 907:915 arg1 plants 952:957 plants 952:957 plants 952:957 Here, we describe methods for immunoblot-based detection of protein glycosylation states in plants. 28886091 0 0 theme O-linked 62:69 arg1 transferase 93:103 the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 58:103 the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 58:103 A study of the structural properties of sites modified by the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase. 28886091 8 1 theme OGT 1129:1131 arg1 recognition 1133:1143 OGT recognition 1129:1143 OGT recognition 1129:1143 This suggests there is no prevalent three-dimensional motif for OGT recognition. 28886091 6 2 theme O-GlcNAc 855:862 arg1 sites 864:868 7 O-GlcNAc sites 853:868 7 O-GlcNAc sites 853:868 The modified S/T were 1.7 times more likely to be annotated in the REM465 field which defines missing residues in a protein structure, while 7 O-GlcNAc sites were solvent inaccessible and unlikely to be targeted by OGT. 28886091 1 3 theme essential 147:155 arg1 PTM 190:192 PTM 190:192 PTM 190:192 Protein O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) is an essential post-translational modification (PTM) in higher eukaryotes. 28886091 1 3 theme essential 147:155 arg1 modification 176:187 an essential post-translational modification 144:187 an essential post-translational modification (PTM) in higher eukaryotes 144:214 Protein O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) is an essential post-translational modification (PTM) in higher eukaryotes. 28886091 1 3 theme essential 147:155 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 114:128 Protein O-GlcNAcylation 106:128 Protein O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) 106:139 Protein O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) is an essential post-translational modification (PTM) in higher eukaryotes. 28886091 2 4 from Threonines 300:309 arg1 proteins 334:341 intracellular proteins 320:341 intracellular proteins 320:341 The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), targets specific Serines and Threonines (S/T) in intracellular proteins. 28886091 5 5 theme 1,584 599:603 arg1 sites 614:618 1,584 O-GlcNAc sites 599:618 1,584 O-GlcNAc sites in 620 proteins 599:634 From 1,584 O-GlcNAc sites in 620 proteins, 143 were mapped to protein structures determined by X-ray crystallography. 28886091 1 6 theme post-translational 157:174 arg1 PTM 190:192 PTM 190:192 PTM 190:192 Protein O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) is an essential post-translational modification (PTM) in higher eukaryotes. 28886091 1 6 theme post-translational 157:174 arg1 modification 176:187 an essential post-translational modification 144:187 an essential post-translational modification (PTM) in higher eukaryotes 144:214 Protein O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) is an essential post-translational modification (PTM) in higher eukaryotes. 28886091 1 6 theme post-translational 157:174 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 114:128 Protein O-GlcNAcylation 106:128 Protein O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) 106:139 Protein O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) is an essential post-translational modification (PTM) in higher eukaryotes. 28886091 12 7 theme secondary 1693:1701 arg1 elements 1713:1720 secondary structure elements 1693:1720 secondary structure elements 1693:1720 Although the analysis did not find a pattern in the site three-dimensional structure, it revealed the residues around the modification site are likely to be disordered and suggests a potential role of secondary structure elements in OGT site recognition. 28886091 4 8 theme molecular 571:579 arg1 recognition 581:591 molecular recognition 571:591 molecular recognition 571:591 Accordingly, the three-dimensional structures of O-GlcNAc sites were characterised to investigate the role of structure in molecular recognition. 28886091 4 9 theme sites 506:510 arg1 structures 483:492 the three-dimensional structures 461:492 the three-dimensional structures of O-GlcNAc sites 461:510 Accordingly, the three-dimensional structures of O-GlcNAc sites were characterised to investigate the role of structure in molecular recognition. 28886091 5 10 theme O-GlcNAc 605:612 arg1 sites 614:618 1,584 O-GlcNAc sites 599:618 1,584 O-GlcNAc sites in 620 proteins 599:634 From 1,584 O-GlcNAc sites in 620 proteins, 143 were mapped to protein structures determined by X-ray crystallography. 28886091 7 11 theme backbone 956:963 arg1 atoms 965:969 complete backbone atoms 947:969 complete backbone atoms 947:969 132 sites with complete backbone atoms clustered into 10 groups, but these were indistinguishable from clusters from unmodified S/T. 28886091 0 12 theme 6-N-acetylglucosamine 71:91 arg1 transferase 93:103 the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 58:103 the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 58:103 A study of the structural properties of sites modified by the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase. 28886091 5 13 theme protein 656:662 arg1 structures 664:673 protein structures 656:673 protein structures determined by X-ray crystallography 656:709 From 1,584 O-GlcNAc sites in 620 proteins, 143 were mapped to protein structures determined by X-ray crystallography. 28886091 12 14 dep likely 1636:1641 arg1 residues 1594:1601 the residues 1590:1601 the residues around the modification site 1590:1630 Although the analysis did not find a pattern in the site three-dimensional structure, it revealed the residues around the modification site are likely to be disordered and suggests a potential role of secondary structure elements in OGT site recognition. 28886091 12 14 dep likely 1636:1641 arg1 suggests 1664:1671 suggests 1664:1671 suggests a potential role of secondary structure elements in OGT site recognition 1664:1744 Although the analysis did not find a pattern in the site three-dimensional structure, it revealed the residues around the modification site are likely to be disordered and suggests a potential role of secondary structure elements in OGT site recognition. 28886091 12 14 dep likely 1636:1641 arg1 likely 1636:1641 likely 1636:1641 likely 1636:1641 Although the analysis did not find a pattern in the site three-dimensional structure, it revealed the residues around the modification site are likely to be disordered and suggests a potential role of secondary structure elements in OGT site recognition. 28886091 12 14 dep likely 1636:1641 arg1 disordered 1649:1658 disordered 1649:1658 to be disordered 1643:1658 Although the analysis did not find a pattern in the site three-dimensional structure, it revealed the residues around the modification site are likely to be disordered and suggests a potential role of secondary structure elements in OGT site recognition. 28886091 12 15 theme structure 1703:1711 arg1 elements 1713:1720 secondary structure elements 1693:1720 secondary structure elements 1693:1720 Although the analysis did not find a pattern in the site three-dimensional structure, it revealed the residues around the modification site are likely to be disordered and suggests a potential role of secondary structure elements in OGT site recognition. 28886091 6 16 theme modified 716:723 arg1 S/T 725:727 The modified S/T 712:727 The modified S/T 712:727 The modified S/T were 1.7 times more likely to be annotated in the REM465 field which defines missing residues in a protein structure, while 7 O-GlcNAc sites were solvent inaccessible and unlikely to be targeted by OGT. 28886091 6 16 theme modified 716:723 arg1 times 738:742 1.7 times 734:742 1.7 times more likely 734:754 The modified S/T were 1.7 times more likely to be annotated in the REM465 field which defines missing residues in a protein structure, while 7 O-GlcNAc sites were solvent inaccessible and unlikely to be targeted by OGT. 28886091 9 17 from S/T 1215:1217 arg1 proteins 1237:1244 O-GlcNAcylated proteins 1222:1244 O-GlcNAcylated proteins 1222:1244 Predicted features from the 620 proteins were compared to unmodified S/T in O-GlcNAcylated proteins and globular proteins. 28886091 9 17 from S/T 1215:1217 arg1 proteins 1259:1266 globular proteins 1250:1266 globular proteins 1250:1266 Predicted features from the 620 proteins were compared to unmodified S/T in O-GlcNAcylated proteins and globular proteins. 28886091 10 18 theme secondary 1290:1298 arg1 structure 1300:1308 The Jpred4 predicted secondary structure 1269:1308 The Jpred4 predicted secondary structure 1269:1308 The Jpred4 predicted secondary structure shows that modified S/T were more likely to be coils. 28886091 5 19 theme 620 623:625 arg1 proteins 627:634 620 proteins 623:634 620 proteins 623:634 From 1,584 O-GlcNAc sites in 620 proteins, 143 were mapped to protein structures determined by X-ray crystallography. 28886091 6 20 from annotated 762:770 arg1 field 786:790 the REM465 field 775:790 the REM465 field which defines missing residues in a protein structure 775:844 The modified S/T were 1.7 times more likely to be annotated in the REM465 field which defines missing residues in a protein structure, while 7 O-GlcNAc sites were solvent inaccessible and unlikely to be targeted by OGT. 28886091 2 21 theme specific 279:286 arg1 Serines 288:294 specific Serines 279:294 specific Serines 279:294 The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), targets specific Serines and Threonines (S/T) in intracellular proteins. 28886091 2 21 theme specific 279:286 arg1 S/T 312:314 S/T 312:314 S/T 312:314 The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), targets specific Serines and Threonines (S/T) in intracellular proteins. 28886091 10 22 theme predicted 1280:1288 arg1 structure 1300:1308 The Jpred4 predicted secondary structure 1269:1308 The Jpred4 predicted secondary structure 1269:1308 The Jpred4 predicted secondary structure shows that modified S/T were more likely to be coils. 28886091 12 23 theme three-dimensional 1549:1565 arg1 structure 1567:1575 the site three-dimensional structure 1540:1575 the site three-dimensional structure 1540:1575 Although the analysis did not find a pattern in the site three-dimensional structure, it revealed the residues around the modification site are likely to be disordered and suggests a potential role of secondary structure elements in OGT site recognition. 28886091 3 24 theme known 395:399 arg1 sites 410:414 known O-GlcNAc sites 395:414 known O-GlcNAc sites 395:414 However, unlike phosphorylation, fewer than 25% of known O-GlcNAc sites match a clear sequence pattern. 28886091 6 25 theme REM465 779:784 arg1 field 786:790 the REM465 field 775:790 the REM465 field which defines missing residues in a protein structure 775:844 The modified S/T were 1.7 times more likely to be annotated in the REM465 field which defines missing residues in a protein structure, while 7 O-GlcNAc sites were solvent inaccessible and unlikely to be targeted by OGT. 28886091 10 26 theme Jpred4 1273:1278 arg1 structure 1300:1308 The Jpred4 predicted secondary structure 1269:1308 The Jpred4 predicted secondary structure 1269:1308 The Jpred4 predicted secondary structure shows that modified S/T were more likely to be coils. 28886091 3 27 theme clear 424:428 arg1 pattern 439:445 a clear sequence pattern 422:445 a clear sequence pattern 422:445 However, unlike phosphorylation, fewer than 25% of known O-GlcNAc sites match a clear sequence pattern. 28886091 4 28 theme three-dimensional 465:481 arg1 structures 483:492 the three-dimensional structures 461:492 the three-dimensional structures of O-GlcNAc sites 461:510 Accordingly, the three-dimensional structures of O-GlcNAc sites were characterised to investigate the role of structure in molecular recognition. 28886091 12 29 from pattern 1529:1535 arg1 structure 1567:1575 the site three-dimensional structure 1540:1575 the site three-dimensional structure 1540:1575 Although the analysis did not find a pattern in the site three-dimensional structure, it revealed the residues around the modification site are likely to be disordered and suggests a potential role of secondary structure elements in OGT site recognition. 28886091 12 30 theme site 1729:1732 arg1 recognition 1734:1744 OGT site recognition 1725:1744 OGT site recognition 1725:1744 Although the analysis did not find a pattern in the site three-dimensional structure, it revealed the residues around the modification site are likely to be disordered and suggests a potential role of secondary structure elements in OGT site recognition. 28886091 3 31 theme sites 410:414 arg1 sites 410:414 known O-GlcNAc sites 395:414 known O-GlcNAc sites 395:414 However, unlike phosphorylation, fewer than 25% of known O-GlcNAc sites match a clear sequence pattern. 28886091 3 31 theme sites 410:414 arg1 % 390:390 fewer than 25% 377:390 fewer than 25% of known O-GlcNAc sites 377:414 However, unlike phosphorylation, fewer than 25% of known O-GlcNAc sites match a clear sequence pattern. 28886091 7 32 from S/T 1060:1062 arg1 clusters 1035:1042 clusters 1035:1042 clusters from unmodified S/T 1035:1062 132 sites with complete backbone atoms clustered into 10 groups, but these were indistinguishable from clusters from unmodified S/T. 28886091 10 33 theme modified 1321:1328 arg1 S/T 1330:1332 modified S/T 1321:1332 modified S/T 1321:1332 The Jpred4 predicted secondary structure shows that modified S/T were more likely to be coils. 28886091 6 34 from residues 814:821 arg1 structure 836:844 a protein structure 826:844 a protein structure 826:844 The modified S/T were 1.7 times more likely to be annotated in the REM465 field which defines missing residues in a protein structure, while 7 O-GlcNAc sites were solvent inaccessible and unlikely to be targeted by OGT. 28886091 12 35 from role 1685:1688 arg1 recognition 1734:1744 OGT site recognition 1725:1744 OGT site recognition 1725:1744 Although the analysis did not find a pattern in the site three-dimensional structure, it revealed the residues around the modification site are likely to be disordered and suggests a potential role of secondary structure elements in OGT site recognition. 28886091 12 36 theme modification 1614:1625 arg1 site 1627:1630 the modification site 1610:1630 the modification site 1610:1630 Although the analysis did not find a pattern in the site three-dimensional structure, it revealed the residues around the modification site are likely to be disordered and suggests a potential role of secondary structure elements in OGT site recognition. 28886091 7 37 theme 132 932:934 arg1 sites 936:940 132 sites 932:940 132 sites with complete backbone atoms 932:969 132 sites with complete backbone atoms clustered into 10 groups, but these were indistinguishable from clusters from unmodified S/T. 28886091 6 38 theme missing 806:812 arg1 residues 814:821 missing residues 806:821 missing residues in a protein structure 806:844 The modified S/T were 1.7 times more likely to be annotated in the REM465 field which defines missing residues in a protein structure, while 7 O-GlcNAc sites were solvent inaccessible and unlikely to be targeted by OGT. 28886091 4 39 from role 550:553 arg1 recognition 581:591 molecular recognition 571:591 molecular recognition 571:591 Accordingly, the three-dimensional structures of O-GlcNAc sites were characterised to investigate the role of structure in molecular recognition. 28886091 7 40 theme unmodified 1049:1058 arg1 S/T 1060:1062 unmodified S/T 1049:1062 unmodified S/T 1049:1062 132 sites with complete backbone atoms clustered into 10 groups, but these were indistinguishable from clusters from unmodified S/T. 28886091 1 41 theme Protein 106:112 arg1 O-GlcNAc 131:138 O-GlcNAc 131:138 O-GlcNAc 131:138 Protein O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) is an essential post-translational modification (PTM) in higher eukaryotes. 28886091 1 41 theme Protein 106:112 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 114:128 Protein O-GlcNAcylation 106:128 Protein O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) 106:139 Protein O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) is an essential post-translational modification (PTM) in higher eukaryotes. 28886091 1 41 theme Protein 106:112 arg1 modification 176:187 an essential post-translational modification 144:187 an essential post-translational modification (PTM) in higher eukaryotes 144:214 Protein O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) is an essential post-translational modification (PTM) in higher eukaryotes. 28886091 1 42 theme higher 198:203 arg1 eukaryotes 205:214 higher eukaryotes 198:214 higher eukaryotes 198:214 Protein O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) is an essential post-translational modification (PTM) in higher eukaryotes. 28886091 0 43 theme properties 26:35 arg1 study 2:6 A study 0:6 A study of the structural properties of sites 0:44 A study of the structural properties of sites modified by the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase. 28886091 4 44 theme structure 558:566 arg1 role 550:553 the role 546:553 the role of structure in molecular recognition 546:591 Accordingly, the three-dimensional structures of O-GlcNAc sites were characterised to investigate the role of structure in molecular recognition. 28886091 3 45 theme sequence 430:437 arg1 pattern 439:445 a clear sequence pattern 422:445 a clear sequence pattern 422:445 However, unlike phosphorylation, fewer than 25% of known O-GlcNAc sites match a clear sequence pattern. 28886091 0 46 theme structural 15:24 arg1 properties 26:35 the structural properties 11:35 the structural properties of sites 11:44 A study of the structural properties of sites modified by the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase. 28886091 3 47 theme O-GlcNAc 401:408 arg1 sites 410:414 known O-GlcNAc sites 395:414 known O-GlcNAc sites 395:414 However, unlike phosphorylation, fewer than 25% of known O-GlcNAc sites match a clear sequence pattern. 28886091 9 48 theme O-GlcNAcylated 1222:1235 arg1 proteins 1237:1244 O-GlcNAcylated proteins 1222:1244 O-GlcNAcylated proteins 1222:1244 Predicted features from the 620 proteins were compared to unmodified S/T in O-GlcNAcylated proteins and globular proteins. 28886091 2 49 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 230:250 arg1 OGT 265:267 OGT 265:267 OGT 265:267 The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), targets specific Serines and Threonines (S/T) in intracellular proteins. 28886091 2 49 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 230:250 arg1 transferase 252:262 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 221:262 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 221:268 The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), targets specific Serines and Threonines (S/T) in intracellular proteins. 28886091 0 50 link O-linked 62:69 arg1 transferase 93:103 the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 58:103 the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 58:103 A study of the structural properties of sites modified by the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase. 28886091 0 51 theme sites 40:44 arg1 properties 26:35 the structural properties 11:35 the structural properties of sites 11:44 A study of the structural properties of sites modified by the O-linked 6-N-acetylglucosamine transferase. 28886091 8 52 theme three-dimensional 1101:1117 arg1 motif 1119:1123 no prevalent three-dimensional motif 1088:1123 no prevalent three-dimensional motif for OGT recognition 1088:1143 This suggests there is no prevalent three-dimensional motif for OGT recognition. 28886091 2 53 theme O-linked 221:228 arg1 OGT 265:267 OGT 265:267 OGT 265:267 The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), targets specific Serines and Threonines (S/T) in intracellular proteins. 28886091 2 53 theme O-linked 221:228 arg1 transferase 252:262 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 221:262 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 221:268 The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), targets specific Serines and Threonines (S/T) in intracellular proteins. 28886091 7 54 with sites 936:940 arg1 atoms 965:969 complete backbone atoms 947:969 complete backbone atoms 947:969 132 sites with complete backbone atoms clustered into 10 groups, but these were indistinguishable from clusters from unmodified S/T. 28886091 6 55 theme protein 828:834 arg1 structure 836:844 a protein structure 826:844 a protein structure 826:844 The modified S/T were 1.7 times more likely to be annotated in the REM465 field which defines missing residues in a protein structure, while 7 O-GlcNAc sites were solvent inaccessible and unlikely to be targeted by OGT. 28886091 12 56 theme potential 1675:1683 arg1 role 1685:1688 a potential role 1673:1688 a potential role of secondary structure elements in OGT site recognition 1673:1744 Although the analysis did not find a pattern in the site three-dimensional structure, it revealed the residues around the modification site are likely to be disordered and suggests a potential role of secondary structure elements in OGT site recognition. 28886091 6 57 theme likely 749:754 arg1 S/T 725:727 The modified S/T 712:727 The modified S/T 712:727 The modified S/T were 1.7 times more likely to be annotated in the REM465 field which defines missing residues in a protein structure, while 7 O-GlcNAc sites were solvent inaccessible and unlikely to be targeted by OGT. 28886091 6 57 theme likely 749:754 arg1 times 738:742 1.7 times 734:742 1.7 times more likely 734:754 The modified S/T were 1.7 times more likely to be annotated in the REM465 field which defines missing residues in a protein structure, while 7 O-GlcNAc sites were solvent inaccessible and unlikely to be targeted by OGT. 28886091 12 58 theme elements 1713:1720 arg1 role 1685:1688 a potential role 1673:1688 a potential role of secondary structure elements in OGT site recognition 1673:1744 Although the analysis did not find a pattern in the site three-dimensional structure, it revealed the residues around the modification site are likely to be disordered and suggests a potential role of secondary structure elements in OGT site recognition. 28886091 9 59 theme unmodified 1204:1213 arg1 S/T 1215:1217 unmodified S/T 1204:1217 unmodified S/T in O-GlcNAcylated proteins and globular proteins 1204:1266 Predicted features from the 620 proteins were compared to unmodified S/T in O-GlcNAcylated proteins and globular proteins. 28886091 8 60 theme prevalent 1091:1099 arg1 motif 1119:1123 no prevalent three-dimensional motif 1088:1123 no prevalent three-dimensional motif for OGT recognition 1088:1143 This suggests there is no prevalent three-dimensional motif for OGT recognition. 28886091 9 61 theme globular 1250:1257 arg1 proteins 1259:1266 globular proteins 1250:1266 globular proteins 1250:1266 Predicted features from the 620 proteins were compared to unmodified S/T in O-GlcNAcylated proteins and globular proteins. 28886091 2 62 theme intracellular 320:332 arg1 proteins 334:341 intracellular proteins 320:341 intracellular proteins 320:341 The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), targets specific Serines and Threonines (S/T) in intracellular proteins. 28886091 7 63 theme complete 947:954 arg1 atoms 965:969 complete backbone atoms 947:969 complete backbone atoms 947:969 132 sites with complete backbone atoms clustered into 10 groups, but these were indistinguishable from clusters from unmodified S/T. 28886091 2 64 link O-linked 221:228 arg1 OGT 265:267 OGT 265:267 OGT 265:267 The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), targets specific Serines and Threonines (S/T) in intracellular proteins. 28886091 2 64 link O-linked 221:228 arg1 transferase 252:262 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 221:262 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 221:268 The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), targets specific Serines and Threonines (S/T) in intracellular proteins. 28886091 5 65 theme X-ray 689:693 arg1 crystallography 695:709 X-ray crystallography 689:709 X-ray crystallography 689:709 From 1,584 O-GlcNAc sites in 620 proteins, 143 were mapped to protein structures determined by X-ray crystallography. 28886091 9 66 theme Predicted 1146:1154 arg1 features 1156:1163 Predicted features 1146:1163 Predicted features from the 620 proteins 1146:1185 Predicted features from the 620 proteins were compared to unmodified S/T in O-GlcNAcylated proteins and globular proteins. 28886091 11 67 theme unmodified 1476:1485 arg1 S/T 1487:1489 unmodified S/T 1476:1489 unmodified S/T 1476:1489 5/6 methods to predict intrinsic disorder indicated O-GlcNAcylated S/T to be significantly more disordered than unmodified S/T. 28886091 12 68 theme OGT 1725:1727 arg1 recognition 1734:1744 OGT site recognition 1725:1744 OGT site recognition 1725:1744 Although the analysis did not find a pattern in the site three-dimensional structure, it revealed the residues around the modification site are likely to be disordered and suggests a potential role of secondary structure elements in OGT site recognition. 28886091 12 69 theme site 1544:1547 arg1 structure 1567:1575 the site three-dimensional structure 1540:1575 the site three-dimensional structure 1540:1575 Although the analysis did not find a pattern in the site three-dimensional structure, it revealed the residues around the modification site are likely to be disordered and suggests a potential role of secondary structure elements in OGT site recognition. 28886091 7 70 from clusters 1035:1042 arg1 indistinguishable 1012:1028 indistinguishable 1012:1028 indistinguishable 1012:1028 132 sites with complete backbone atoms clustered into 10 groups, but these were indistinguishable from clusters from unmodified S/T. 28886091 5 71 from sites 614:618 arg1 proteins 627:634 620 proteins 623:634 620 proteins 623:634 From 1,584 O-GlcNAc sites in 620 proteins, 143 were mapped to protein structures determined by X-ray crystallography. 28886091 2 72 from Serines 288:294 arg1 proteins 334:341 intracellular proteins 320:341 intracellular proteins 320:341 The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), targets specific Serines and Threonines (S/T) in intracellular proteins. 28886091 6 73 from field 786:790 arg1 annotated 762:770 annotated 762:770 annotated 762:770 The modified S/T were 1.7 times more likely to be annotated in the REM465 field which defines missing residues in a protein structure, while 7 O-GlcNAc sites were solvent inaccessible and unlikely to be targeted by OGT. 28886091 4 74 theme O-GlcNAc 497:504 arg1 sites 506:510 O-GlcNAc sites 497:510 O-GlcNAc sites 497:510 Accordingly, the three-dimensional structures of O-GlcNAc sites were characterised to investigate the role of structure in molecular recognition. 28886091 1 75 from modification 176:187 arg1 eukaryotes 205:214 higher eukaryotes 198:214 higher eukaryotes 198:214 Protein O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) is an essential post-translational modification (PTM) in higher eukaryotes. 28886091 9 76 from proteins 1178:1185 arg1 features 1156:1163 Predicted features 1146:1163 Predicted features from the 620 proteins 1146:1185 Predicted features from the 620 proteins were compared to unmodified S/T in O-GlcNAcylated proteins and globular proteins. 28886091 11 77 theme intrinsic 1387:1395 arg1 disorder 1397:1404 intrinsic disorder 1387:1404 intrinsic disorder indicated O-GlcNAcylated S/T to be significantly more disordered than unmodified S/T 1387:1489 5/6 methods to predict intrinsic disorder indicated O-GlcNAcylated S/T to be significantly more disordered than unmodified S/T. 28886091 11 78 theme O-GlcNAcylated 1416:1429 arg1 S/T 1431:1433 O-GlcNAcylated S/T 1416:1433 O-GlcNAcylated S/T 1416:1433 5/6 methods to predict intrinsic disorder indicated O-GlcNAcylated S/T to be significantly more disordered than unmodified S/T. 28654657 2 0 theme desired 453:459 arg1 mutations 461:469 the desired mutations 449:469 the desired mutations 449:469 Using CRISPR/Cas9 and a single-cell GFP-sorting procedure, the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE), galactokinase 1 (GALK1), and galactokinase 2 (GALK2) genes were knocked out individually and in combinations with greater than 90% of recovered clones having the desired mutations. 28654657 7 1 theme whole 1145:1149 arg1 lysate 1156:1161 whole cell lysate 1145:1161 whole cell lysate of the knockout cell lines 1145:1188 Mass spectrometry was performed on whole cell lysate of the knockout cell lines to verify the glycosylation phenotype. 28654657 12 2 theme wide 1804:1807 arg1 applications 1820:1831 applications 1820:1831 applications 1820:1831 Due to the well-characterized nature of these five knockout cell lines, they will likely prove useful for a wide variety of applications. 28654657 12 2 theme wide 1804:1807 arg1 variety 1809:1815 a wide variety 1802:1815 a wide variety of applications 1802:1831 Due to the well-characterized nature of these five knockout cell lines, they will likely prove useful for a wide variety of applications. 28654657 12 3 theme knockout 1747:1754 arg1 lines 1761:1765 these five knockout cell lines 1736:1765 these five knockout cell lines 1736:1765 Due to the well-characterized nature of these five knockout cell lines, they will likely prove useful for a wide variety of applications. 28654657 4 4 theme cell 758:761 arg1 media 771:775 the cell culture media 754:775 the cell culture media 754:775 Deficient glycosylation in the GALE knockout cell line could be rescued by the addition of galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to the cell culture media. 28654657 11 5 theme high 1677:1680 arg1 type 1690:1693 the high mannose type 1673:1693 the high mannose type 1673:1693 But when GALE was knocked out in tandem with GALK1, N-glycans were exclusively of the high mannose type. 28654657 7 6 theme cell 1151:1154 arg1 lysate 1156:1161 whole cell lysate 1145:1161 whole cell lysate of the knockout cell lines 1145:1188 Mass spectrometry was performed on whole cell lysate of the knockout cell lines to verify the glycosylation phenotype. 28654657 1 7 from ability 139:145 arg1 defective 120:128 defective 120:128 defective 120:128 Here we describe derivatives of the HEK293T cell line that are defective in their ability to generate mucin-type O-linked glycosylation. 28654657 3 8 theme HEK293T 481:487 arg1 cells 489:493 HEK293T cells 481:493 HEK293T cells 481:493 Although HEK293T cells are tetraploid, we found this approach to be an efficient method to target and disrupt all 4 copies of the target gene. 28654657 9 9 theme GALE+GALK2 1412:1421 arg1 lines 1432:1436 the GALE+GALK1 and GALE+GALK2 knockout lines 1393:1436 the GALE+GALK1 and GALE+GALK2 knockout lines 1393:1436 However, the GALE+GALK1 and GALE+GALK2 knockout lines were devoid of all O-glycans. 28654657 9 9 theme GALE+GALK2 1412:1421 arg1 devoid 1443:1448 devoid 1443:1448 devoid 1443:1448 However, the GALE+GALK1 and GALE+GALK2 knockout lines were devoid of all O-glycans. 28654657 11 10 theme mannose 1682:1688 arg1 type 1690:1693 the high mannose type 1673:1693 the high mannose type 1673:1693 But when GALE was knocked out in tandem with GALK1, N-glycans were exclusively of the high mannose type. 28654657 8 11 theme O-glycosylation 1296:1310 arg1 devoid 1282:1287 devoid 1282:1287 devoid 1282:1287 As expected, the GALE knockout was almost completely devoid of all O-glycosylation, with minimal glycosylation as a result of functional salvage pathways. 28654657 8 11 theme O-glycosylation 1296:1310 arg1 knockout 1251:1258 knockout 1251:1258 knockout 1251:1258 As expected, the GALE knockout was almost completely devoid of all O-glycosylation, with minimal glycosylation as a result of functional salvage pathways. 28654657 4 12 theme N-acetylgalactosamine 720:740 arg1 addition 694:701 the addition 690:701 the addition of galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to the cell culture media 690:775 Deficient glycosylation in the GALE knockout cell line could be rescued by the addition of galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to the cell culture media. 28654657 4 13 theme culture 763:769 arg1 media 771:775 the cell culture media 754:775 the cell culture media 754:775 Deficient glycosylation in the GALE knockout cell line could be rescued by the addition of galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to the cell culture media. 28654657 2 14 theme galactokinase 291:303 arg1 genes 344:348 the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE), galactokinase 1 (GALK1), and galactokinase 2 (GALK2) genes 253:348 the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE), galactokinase 1 (GALK1), and galactokinase 2 (GALK2) genes 253:348 Using CRISPR/Cas9 and a single-cell GFP-sorting procedure, the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE), galactokinase 1 (GALK1), and galactokinase 2 (GALK2) genes were knocked out individually and in combinations with greater than 90% of recovered clones having the desired mutations. 28654657 4 15 from glycosylation 625:637 arg1 line 665:668 the GALE knockout cell line 642:668 the GALE knockout cell line 642:668 Deficient glycosylation in the GALE knockout cell line could be rescued by the addition of galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to the cell culture media. 28654657 12 16 theme applications 1820:1831 arg1 applications 1820:1831 applications 1820:1831 applications 1820:1831 Due to the well-characterized nature of these five knockout cell lines, they will likely prove useful for a wide variety of applications. 28654657 12 16 theme applications 1820:1831 arg1 variety 1809:1815 a wide variety 1802:1815 a wide variety of applications 1802:1831 Due to the well-characterized nature of these five knockout cell lines, they will likely prove useful for a wide variety of applications. 28654657 5 17 dep tandem 863:868 arg1 GALE+GALK2 885:894 GALE+GALK2 885:894 GALE+GALK2 885:894 However, when key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways were disrupted in tandem (GALE+GALK1 or GALE+GALK2), O-glycosylation was eliminated and could not be rescued by the addition of either galactose plus GalNAc or UDP-galactose plus UDP-GalNAc. 28654657 5 17 dep tandem 863:868 arg1 GALE+GALK1 871:880 GALE+GALK1 871:880 GALE+GALK1 871:880 However, when key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways were disrupted in tandem (GALE+GALK1 or GALE+GALK2), O-glycosylation was eliminated and could not be rescued by the addition of either galactose plus GalNAc or UDP-galactose plus UDP-GalNAc. 28654657 7 18 theme knockout 1170:1177 arg1 lines 1184:1188 the knockout cell lines 1166:1188 the knockout cell lines 1166:1188 Mass spectrometry was performed on whole cell lysate of the knockout cell lines to verify the glycosylation phenotype. 28654657 4 19 theme GALE 646:649 arg1 line 665:668 the GALE knockout cell line 642:668 the GALE knockout cell line 642:668 Deficient glycosylation in the GALE knockout cell line could be rescued by the addition of galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to the cell culture media. 28654657 10 20 theme GALK1 1533:1537 arg1 disruption 1513:1522 the disruption 1509:1522 the disruption of GALE, GALK1, and GALE+GALK2 1509:1553 Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the disruption of GALE, GALK1, and GALE+GALK2 had little effect on the N-glycome. 28654657 4 21 theme cell 660:663 arg1 line 665:668 the GALE knockout cell line 642:668 the GALE knockout cell line 642:668 Deficient glycosylation in the GALE knockout cell line could be rescued by the addition of galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to the cell culture media. 28654657 1 22 link O-linked 170:177 arg1 glycosylation 179:191 mucin-type O-linked glycosylation 159:191 mucin-type O-linked glycosylation 159:191 Here we describe derivatives of the HEK293T cell line that are defective in their ability to generate mucin-type O-linked glycosylation. 28654657 6 23 theme pathways 1100:1107 arg1 GALK2 1046:1050 GALK2 1046:1050 GALK2 1046:1050 GALK1 and GALK2 are key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways. 28654657 6 23 theme pathways 1100:1107 arg1 enzymes 1060:1066 key enzymes 1056:1066 key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways 1056:1107 GALK1 and GALK2 are key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways. 28654657 6 23 theme pathways 1100:1107 arg1 GALK1 1036:1040 GALK1 1036:1040 GALK1 1036:1040 GALK1 and GALK2 are key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways. 28654657 4 24 theme Deficient 615:623 arg1 glycosylation 625:637 Deficient glycosylation 615:637 Deficient glycosylation in the GALE knockout cell line 615:668 Deficient glycosylation in the GALE knockout cell line could be rescued by the addition of galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to the cell culture media. 28654657 5 25 theme pathways 836:843 arg1 enzymes 796:802 key enzymes 792:802 key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways 792:843 However, when key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways were disrupted in tandem (GALE+GALK1 or GALE+GALK2), O-glycosylation was eliminated and could not be rescued by the addition of either galactose plus GalNAc or UDP-galactose plus UDP-GalNAc. 28654657 4 26 theme galactose 706:714 arg1 addition 694:701 the addition 690:701 the addition of galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to the cell culture media 690:775 Deficient glycosylation in the GALE knockout cell line could be rescued by the addition of galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to the cell culture media. 28654657 1 27 theme mucin-type 159:168 arg1 glycosylation 179:191 mucin-type O-linked glycosylation 159:191 mucin-type O-linked glycosylation 159:191 Here we describe derivatives of the HEK293T cell line that are defective in their ability to generate mucin-type O-linked glycosylation. 28654657 0 28 theme cell 8:11 arg1 lines 13:17 HEK293T cell lines 0:17 HEK293T cell lines defective for O-linked glycosylation 0:54 HEK293T cell lines defective for O-linked glycosylation. 28654657 2 29 with combinations 387:398 arg1 % 420:420 greater than 90% 405:420 greater than 90% of recovered clones having the desired mutations 405:469 Using CRISPR/Cas9 and a single-cell GFP-sorting procedure, the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE), galactokinase 1 (GALK1), and galactokinase 2 (GALK2) genes were knocked out individually and in combinations with greater than 90% of recovered clones having the desired mutations. 28654657 2 29 with combinations 387:398 arg1 clones 435:440 recovered clones 425:440 recovered clones having the desired mutations 425:469 Using CRISPR/Cas9 and a single-cell GFP-sorting procedure, the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE), galactokinase 1 (GALK1), and galactokinase 2 (GALK2) genes were knocked out individually and in combinations with greater than 90% of recovered clones having the desired mutations. 28654657 1 30 from defective 120:128 arg1 ability 139:145 their ability to generate mucin-type O-linked glycosylation 133:191 their ability to generate mucin-type O-linked glycosylation 133:191 Here we describe derivatives of the HEK293T cell line that are defective in their ability to generate mucin-type O-linked glycosylation. 28654657 6 31 theme galactose/GalNAc 1075:1090 arg1 pathways 1100:1107 the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways 1071:1107 the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways 1071:1107 GALK1 and GALK2 are key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways. 28654657 10 32 theme GALE 1527:1530 arg1 disruption 1513:1522 the disruption 1509:1522 the disruption of GALE, GALK1, and GALE+GALK2 1509:1553 Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the disruption of GALE, GALK1, and GALE+GALK2 had little effect on the N-glycome. 28654657 1 33 theme O-linked 170:177 arg1 glycosylation 179:191 mucin-type O-linked glycosylation 159:191 mucin-type O-linked glycosylation 159:191 Here we describe derivatives of the HEK293T cell line that are defective in their ability to generate mucin-type O-linked glycosylation. 28654657 0 34 theme HEK293T 0:6 arg1 lines 13:17 HEK293T cell lines 0:17 HEK293T cell lines defective for O-linked glycosylation 0:54 HEK293T cell lines defective for O-linked glycosylation. 28654657 5 35 theme galactose 980:988 arg1 addition 961:968 the addition 957:968 the addition of either galactose plus GalNAc or UDP-galactose plus UDP-GalNAc 957:1033 However, when key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways were disrupted in tandem (GALE+GALK1 or GALE+GALK2), O-glycosylation was eliminated and could not be rescued by the addition of either galactose plus GalNAc or UDP-galactose plus UDP-GalNAc. 28654657 0 36 link O-linked 33:40 arg1 glycosylation 42:54 O-linked glycosylation 33:54 O-linked glycosylation 33:54 HEK293T cell lines defective for O-linked glycosylation. 28654657 8 37 theme salvage 1366:1372 arg1 pathways 1374:1381 functional salvage pathways 1355:1381 functional salvage pathways 1355:1381 As expected, the GALE knockout was almost completely devoid of all O-glycosylation, with minimal glycosylation as a result of functional salvage pathways. 28654657 0 38 theme defective 19:27 arg1 lines 13:17 HEK293T cell lines 0:17 HEK293T cell lines defective for O-linked glycosylation 0:54 HEK293T cell lines defective for O-linked glycosylation. 28654657 2 39 contain having 442:447 arg1 clones 435:440 recovered clones 425:440 recovered clones having the desired mutations 425:469 Using CRISPR/Cas9 and a single-cell GFP-sorting procedure, the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE), galactokinase 1 (GALK1), and galactokinase 2 (GALK2) genes were knocked out individually and in combinations with greater than 90% of recovered clones having the desired mutations. 28654657 2 39 contain having 442:447 arg2 mutations 461:469 the desired mutations 449:469 the desired mutations 449:469 Using CRISPR/Cas9 and a single-cell GFP-sorting procedure, the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE), galactokinase 1 (GALK1), and galactokinase 2 (GALK2) genes were knocked out individually and in combinations with greater than 90% of recovered clones having the desired mutations. 28654657 1 40 theme HEK293T 93:99 arg1 line 106:109 the HEK293T cell line 89:109 the HEK293T cell line 89:109 Here we describe derivatives of the HEK293T cell line that are defective in their ability to generate mucin-type O-linked glycosylation. 28654657 11 41 with tandem 1624:1629 arg1 GALK1 1636:1640 GALK1 1636:1640 GALK1 1636:1640 But when GALE was knocked out in tandem with GALK1, N-glycans were exclusively of the high mannose type. 28654657 12 42 theme lines 1761:1765 arg1 nature 1726:1731 the well-characterized nature 1703:1731 the well-characterized nature of these five knockout cell lines 1703:1765 Due to the well-characterized nature of these five knockout cell lines, they will likely prove useful for a wide variety of applications. 28654657 8 43 theme pathways 1374:1381 arg1 result 1345:1350 a result 1343:1350 a result of functional salvage pathways 1343:1381 As expected, the GALE knockout was almost completely devoid of all O-glycosylation, with minimal glycosylation as a result of functional salvage pathways. 28654657 1 44 theme cell 101:104 arg1 line 106:109 the HEK293T cell line 89:109 the HEK293T cell line 89:109 Here we describe derivatives of the HEK293T cell line that are defective in their ability to generate mucin-type O-linked glycosylation. 28654657 9 45 theme O-glycans 1457:1465 arg1 lines 1432:1436 the GALE+GALK1 and GALE+GALK2 knockout lines 1393:1436 the GALE+GALK1 and GALE+GALK2 knockout lines 1393:1436 However, the GALE+GALK1 and GALE+GALK2 knockout lines were devoid of all O-glycans. 28654657 9 45 theme O-glycans 1457:1465 arg1 devoid 1443:1448 devoid 1443:1448 devoid 1443:1448 However, the GALE+GALK1 and GALE+GALK2 knockout lines were devoid of all O-glycans. 28654657 0 46 theme O-linked 33:40 arg1 glycosylation 42:54 O-linked glycosylation 33:54 O-linked glycosylation 33:54 HEK293T cell lines defective for O-linked glycosylation. 28654657 4 47 theme knockout 651:658 arg1 line 665:668 the GALE knockout cell line 642:668 the GALE knockout cell line 642:668 Deficient glycosylation in the GALE knockout cell line could be rescued by the addition of galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to the cell culture media. 28654657 9 48 theme knockout 1423:1430 arg1 lines 1432:1436 the GALE+GALK1 and GALE+GALK2 knockout lines 1393:1436 the GALE+GALK1 and GALE+GALK2 knockout lines 1393:1436 However, the GALE+GALK1 and GALE+GALK2 knockout lines were devoid of all O-glycans. 28654657 9 48 theme knockout 1423:1430 arg1 devoid 1443:1448 devoid 1443:1448 devoid 1443:1448 However, the GALE+GALK1 and GALE+GALK2 knockout lines were devoid of all O-glycans. 28654657 5 49 theme GalNAc 995:1000 arg1 addition 961:968 the addition 957:968 the addition of either galactose plus GalNAc or UDP-galactose plus UDP-GalNAc 957:1033 However, when key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways were disrupted in tandem (GALE+GALK1 or GALE+GALK2), O-glycosylation was eliminated and could not be rescued by the addition of either galactose plus GalNAc or UDP-galactose plus UDP-GalNAc. 28654657 8 50 theme minimal 1318:1324 arg1 glycosylation 1326:1338 minimal glycosylation 1318:1338 minimal glycosylation as a result of functional salvage pathways 1318:1381 As expected, the GALE knockout was almost completely devoid of all O-glycosylation, with minimal glycosylation as a result of functional salvage pathways. 28654657 5 51 theme salvage 828:834 arg1 pathways 836:843 the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways 807:843 the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways 807:843 However, when key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways were disrupted in tandem (GALE+GALK1 or GALE+GALK2), O-glycosylation was eliminated and could not be rescued by the addition of either galactose plus GalNAc or UDP-galactose plus UDP-GalNAc. 28654657 9 52 theme GALE+GALK1 1397:1406 arg1 lines 1432:1436 the GALE+GALK1 and GALE+GALK2 knockout lines 1393:1436 the GALE+GALK1 and GALE+GALK2 knockout lines 1393:1436 However, the GALE+GALK1 and GALE+GALK2 knockout lines were devoid of all O-glycans. 28654657 9 52 theme GALE+GALK1 1397:1406 arg1 devoid 1443:1448 devoid 1443:1448 devoid 1443:1448 However, the GALE+GALK1 and GALE+GALK2 knockout lines were devoid of all O-glycans. 28654657 2 53 theme clones 435:440 arg1 % 420:420 greater than 90% 405:420 greater than 90% of recovered clones having the desired mutations 405:469 Using CRISPR/Cas9 and a single-cell GFP-sorting procedure, the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE), galactokinase 1 (GALK1), and galactokinase 2 (GALK2) genes were knocked out individually and in combinations with greater than 90% of recovered clones having the desired mutations. 28654657 2 53 theme clones 435:440 arg1 clones 435:440 recovered clones 425:440 recovered clones having the desired mutations 425:469 Using CRISPR/Cas9 and a single-cell GFP-sorting procedure, the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE), galactokinase 1 (GALK1), and galactokinase 2 (GALK2) genes were knocked out individually and in combinations with greater than 90% of recovered clones having the desired mutations. 28654657 10 54 theme GALE+GALK2 1544:1553 arg1 disruption 1513:1522 the disruption 1509:1522 the disruption of GALE, GALK1, and GALE+GALK2 1509:1553 Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the disruption of GALE, GALK1, and GALE+GALK2 had little effect on the N-glycome. 28654657 2 55 theme GFP-sorting 230:240 arg1 procedure 242:250 a single-cell GFP-sorting procedure 216:250 a single-cell GFP-sorting procedure 216:250 Using CRISPR/Cas9 and a single-cell GFP-sorting procedure, the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE), galactokinase 1 (GALK1), and galactokinase 2 (GALK2) genes were knocked out individually and in combinations with greater than 90% of recovered clones having the desired mutations. 28654657 12 56 theme well-characterized 1707:1724 arg1 nature 1726:1731 the well-characterized nature 1703:1731 the well-characterized nature of these five knockout cell lines 1703:1765 Due to the well-characterized nature of these five knockout cell lines, they will likely prove useful for a wide variety of applications. 28654657 2 57 theme recovered 425:433 arg1 clones 435:440 recovered clones 425:440 recovered clones having the desired mutations 425:469 Using CRISPR/Cas9 and a single-cell GFP-sorting procedure, the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE), galactokinase 1 (GALK1), and galactokinase 2 (GALK2) genes were knocked out individually and in combinations with greater than 90% of recovered clones having the desired mutations. 28654657 10 58 theme little 1559:1564 arg1 effect 1566:1571 little effect 1559:1571 little effect 1559:1571 Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the disruption of GALE, GALK1, and GALE+GALK2 had little effect on the N-glycome. 28654657 4 59 gly glycosylation 625:637 arg1 line 665:668 the GALE knockout cell line 642:668 the GALE knockout cell line 642:668 Deficient glycosylation in the GALE knockout cell line could be rescued by the addition of galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to the cell culture media. 28654657 5 60 theme UDP-galactose 1005:1017 arg1 addition 961:968 the addition 957:968 the addition of either galactose plus GalNAc or UDP-galactose plus UDP-GalNAc 957:1033 However, when key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways were disrupted in tandem (GALE+GALK1 or GALE+GALK2), O-glycosylation was eliminated and could not be rescued by the addition of either galactose plus GalNAc or UDP-galactose plus UDP-GalNAc. 28654657 2 61 theme single-cell 218:228 arg1 procedure 242:250 a single-cell GFP-sorting procedure 216:250 a single-cell GFP-sorting procedure 216:250 Using CRISPR/Cas9 and a single-cell GFP-sorting procedure, the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE), galactokinase 1 (GALK1), and galactokinase 2 (GALK2) genes were knocked out individually and in combinations with greater than 90% of recovered clones having the desired mutations. 28654657 1 62 theme line 106:109 arg1 derivatives 74:84 derivatives 74:84 derivatives of the HEK293T cell line that are defective in their ability to generate mucin-type O-linked glycosylation 74:191 Here we describe derivatives of the HEK293T cell line that are defective in their ability to generate mucin-type O-linked glycosylation. 28654657 10 63 theme Mass 1468:1471 arg1 analysis 1486:1493 Mass spectrometry analysis 1468:1493 Mass spectrometry analysis 1468:1493 Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the disruption of GALE, GALK1, and GALE+GALK2 had little effect on the N-glycome. 28654657 3 64 theme efficient 543:551 arg1 method 553:558 an efficient method 540:558 an efficient method to target 540:568 Although HEK293T cells are tetraploid, we found this approach to be an efficient method to target and disrupt all 4 copies of the target gene. 28654657 3 64 theme efficient 543:551 arg1 approach 525:532 this approach 520:532 this approach 520:532 Although HEK293T cells are tetraploid, we found this approach to be an efficient method to target and disrupt all 4 copies of the target gene. 28654657 2 65 theme galactokinase 320:332 arg1 genes 344:348 the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE), galactokinase 1 (GALK1), and galactokinase 2 (GALK2) genes 253:348 the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE), galactokinase 1 (GALK1), and galactokinase 2 (GALK2) genes 253:348 Using CRISPR/Cas9 and a single-cell GFP-sorting procedure, the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE), galactokinase 1 (GALK1), and galactokinase 2 (GALK2) genes were knocked out individually and in combinations with greater than 90% of recovered clones having the desired mutations. 28654657 10 66 contain had 1555:1557 arg2 effect 1566:1571 little effect 1559:1571 little effect 1559:1571 Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the disruption of GALE, GALK1, and GALE+GALK2 had little effect on the N-glycome. 28654657 10 66 contain had 1555:1557 arg1 disruption 1513:1522 the disruption 1509:1522 the disruption of GALE, GALK1, and GALE+GALK2 1509:1553 Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the disruption of GALE, GALK1, and GALE+GALK2 had little effect on the N-glycome. 28654657 12 67 theme cell 1756:1759 arg1 lines 1761:1765 these five knockout cell lines 1736:1765 these five knockout cell lines 1736:1765 Due to the well-characterized nature of these five knockout cell lines, they will likely prove useful for a wide variety of applications. 28654657 8 68 with devoid 1282:1287 arg1 glycosylation 1326:1338 minimal glycosylation 1318:1338 minimal glycosylation as a result of functional salvage pathways 1318:1381 As expected, the GALE knockout was almost completely devoid of all O-glycosylation, with minimal glycosylation as a result of functional salvage pathways. 28654657 6 69 theme salvage 1092:1098 arg1 pathways 1100:1107 the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways 1071:1107 the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways 1071:1107 GALK1 and GALK2 are key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways. 28654657 3 70 theme target 602:607 arg1 gene 609:612 the target gene 598:612 the target gene 598:612 Although HEK293T cells are tetraploid, we found this approach to be an efficient method to target and disrupt all 4 copies of the target gene. 28654657 2 71 theme UDP-galactose-4-epimerase 257:281 arg1 genes 344:348 the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE), galactokinase 1 (GALK1), and galactokinase 2 (GALK2) genes 253:348 the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE), galactokinase 1 (GALK1), and galactokinase 2 (GALK2) genes 253:348 Using CRISPR/Cas9 and a single-cell GFP-sorting procedure, the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE), galactokinase 1 (GALK1), and galactokinase 2 (GALK2) genes were knocked out individually and in combinations with greater than 90% of recovered clones having the desired mutations. 28654657 7 72 theme lines 1184:1188 arg1 lysate 1156:1161 whole cell lysate 1145:1161 whole cell lysate of the knockout cell lines 1145:1188 Mass spectrometry was performed on whole cell lysate of the knockout cell lines to verify the glycosylation phenotype. 28654657 6 73 theme key 1056:1058 arg1 GALK2 1046:1050 GALK2 1046:1050 GALK2 1046:1050 GALK1 and GALK2 are key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways. 28654657 6 73 theme key 1056:1058 arg1 enzymes 1060:1066 key enzymes 1056:1066 key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways 1056:1107 GALK1 and GALK2 are key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways. 28654657 6 73 theme key 1056:1058 arg1 GALK1 1036:1040 GALK1 1036:1040 GALK1 1036:1040 GALK1 and GALK2 are key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways. 28654657 3 74 theme gene 609:612 arg1 copies 588:593 all 4 copies 582:593 all 4 copies of the target gene 582:612 Although HEK293T cells are tetraploid, we found this approach to be an efficient method to target and disrupt all 4 copies of the target gene. 28654657 8 75 theme functional 1355:1364 arg1 pathways 1374:1381 functional salvage pathways 1355:1381 functional salvage pathways 1355:1381 As expected, the GALE knockout was almost completely devoid of all O-glycosylation, with minimal glycosylation as a result of functional salvage pathways. 28654657 7 76 theme cell 1179:1182 arg1 lines 1184:1188 the knockout cell lines 1166:1188 the knockout cell lines 1166:1188 Mass spectrometry was performed on whole cell lysate of the knockout cell lines to verify the glycosylation phenotype. 28654657 5 77 theme key 792:794 arg1 enzymes 796:802 key enzymes 792:802 key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways 792:843 However, when key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways were disrupted in tandem (GALE+GALK1 or GALE+GALK2), O-glycosylation was eliminated and could not be rescued by the addition of either galactose plus GalNAc or UDP-galactose plus UDP-GalNAc. 28654657 10 78 theme spectrometry 1473:1484 arg1 analysis 1486:1493 Mass spectrometry analysis 1468:1493 Mass spectrometry analysis 1468:1493 Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the disruption of GALE, GALK1, and GALE+GALK2 had little effect on the N-glycome. 28654657 7 79 theme glycosylation 1204:1216 arg1 phenotype 1218:1226 the glycosylation phenotype 1200:1226 the glycosylation phenotype 1200:1226 Mass spectrometry was performed on whole cell lysate of the knockout cell lines to verify the glycosylation phenotype. 28654657 5 80 theme galactose/GalNAc 811:826 arg1 pathways 836:843 the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways 807:843 the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways 807:843 However, when key enzymes of the galactose/GalNAc salvage pathways were disrupted in tandem (GALE+GALK1 or GALE+GALK2), O-glycosylation was eliminated and could not be rescued by the addition of either galactose plus GalNAc or UDP-galactose plus UDP-GalNAc. 28654657 7 81 theme Mass 1110:1113 arg1 spectrometry 1115:1126 Mass spectrometry 1110:1126 Mass spectrometry 1110:1126 Mass spectrometry was performed on whole cell lysate of the knockout cell lines to verify the glycosylation phenotype. 28481368 0 0 theme glucose 99:105 arg1 metabolism 107:116 glucose metabolism 99:116 glucose metabolism in liver cancer cells 99:138 Regulation of miR-483-3p by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase links chemosensitivity to glucose metabolism in liver cancer cells. 28481368 2 1 theme wild-type 514:522 arg1 TP53 524:527 wild-type TP53 514:527 wild-type TP53 514:527 The transcriptional regulation of the miR-483-3p could be driven by the β-catenin/USF1 complex, independently from its host gene IGF2, and we previously demonstrated that in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells carrying wild-type TP53 the upregulation of the miR-483-3p overcomes the antitumoral effects of the tumor-suppressor miR-145-5p by a mechanism involving cellular glucose availability. 28481368 3 2 link O-linked 817:824 arg1 O-GlcNAc 847:854 O-GlcNAc 847:854 O-GlcNAc 847:854 Here we demonstrate that in HepG2 cells, the molecular link between glucose concentration and miR-483-3p expression entails the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT), which stabilizes the transcriptional complex at the miR-483 promoter. 28481368 3 2 link O-linked 817:824 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 826:844 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 817:844 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) 813:873 Here we demonstrate that in HepG2 cells, the molecular link between glucose concentration and miR-483-3p expression entails the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT), which stabilizes the transcriptional complex at the miR-483 promoter. 28481368 2 3 theme β-catenin/USF1 376:389 arg1 complex 391:397 the β-catenin/USF1 complex 372:397 the β-catenin/USF1 complex 372:397 The transcriptional regulation of the miR-483-3p could be driven by the β-catenin/USF1 complex, independently from its host gene IGF2, and we previously demonstrated that in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells carrying wild-type TP53 the upregulation of the miR-483-3p overcomes the antitumoral effects of the tumor-suppressor miR-145-5p by a mechanism involving cellular glucose availability. 28481368 8 4 theme resistant 1752:1760 arg1 clones 1778:1783 resistant neoplastic cell clones 1752:1783 resistant neoplastic cell clones 1752:1783 This suggests that depletion of the miR-483-3p may be a valuable therapeutic approach in liver cancer patients, but the use of inhibitors of glycolysis to achieve this purpose could accelerate the selection of resistant neoplastic cell clones. 28481368 5 5 theme higher 1194:1199 arg1 expression 1212:1221 higher miR-483-3p expression 1194:1221 higher miR-483-3p expression 1194:1221 However, in vivo experiments showed that HepG2 cells with higher miR-483-3p expression were selected during tumor progression regardless of 5-FU treatment. 28481368 5 6 theme miR-483-3p 1201:1210 arg1 expression 1212:1221 higher miR-483-3p expression 1194:1221 higher miR-483-3p expression 1194:1221 However, in vivo experiments showed that HepG2 cells with higher miR-483-3p expression were selected during tumor progression regardless of 5-FU treatment. 28481368 1 7 theme several 174:180 arg1 tumors 182:187 several tumors 174:187 several tumors 174:187 The miR-483-3p is upregulated in several tumors, including liver tumors, where it inhibits TP53-dependent apoptosis by targeting the pro-apoptotic gene BBC3/PUMA. 28481368 1 7 theme several 174:180 arg1 tumors 206:211 liver tumors 200:211 liver tumors 200:211 The miR-483-3p is upregulated in several tumors, including liver tumors, where it inhibits TP53-dependent apoptosis by targeting the pro-apoptotic gene BBC3/PUMA. 28481368 3 8 theme miR-483 928:934 arg1 promoter 936:943 the miR-483 promoter 924:943 the miR-483 promoter 924:943 Here we demonstrate that in HepG2 cells, the molecular link between glucose concentration and miR-483-3p expression entails the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT), which stabilizes the transcriptional complex at the miR-483 promoter. 28481368 2 9 theme miR-483-3p 553:562 arg1 upregulation 533:544 the upregulation 529:544 the upregulation of the miR-483-3p 529:562 The transcriptional regulation of the miR-483-3p could be driven by the β-catenin/USF1 complex, independently from its host gene IGF2, and we previously demonstrated that in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells carrying wild-type TP53 the upregulation of the miR-483-3p overcomes the antitumoral effects of the tumor-suppressor miR-145-5p by a mechanism involving cellular glucose availability. 28481368 3 10 theme molecular 734:742 arg1 link 744:747 the molecular link 730:747 the molecular link between glucose concentration and miR-483-3p expression 730:803 Here we demonstrate that in HepG2 cells, the molecular link between glucose concentration and miR-483-3p expression entails the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT), which stabilizes the transcriptional complex at the miR-483 promoter. 28481368 4 11 theme HepG2 946:950 arg1 cells 952:956 HepG2 cells 946:956 HepG2 cells 946:956 HepG2 cells showed reduced miR-483-3p expression and increased susceptibility to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced apoptosis in presence of the inhibitor of glycolysis 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG). 28481368 2 12 theme transcriptional 308:322 arg1 regulation 324:333 The transcriptional regulation 304:333 The transcriptional regulation of the miR-483-3p 304:351 The transcriptional regulation of the miR-483-3p could be driven by the β-catenin/USF1 complex, independently from its host gene IGF2, and we previously demonstrated that in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells carrying wild-type TP53 the upregulation of the miR-483-3p overcomes the antitumoral effects of the tumor-suppressor miR-145-5p by a mechanism involving cellular glucose availability. 28481368 8 13 theme cell 1773:1776 arg1 clones 1778:1783 resistant neoplastic cell clones 1752:1783 resistant neoplastic cell clones 1752:1783 This suggests that depletion of the miR-483-3p may be a valuable therapeutic approach in liver cancer patients, but the use of inhibitors of glycolysis to achieve this purpose could accelerate the selection of resistant neoplastic cell clones. 28481368 1 14 theme pro-apoptotic 274:286 arg1 BBC3/PUMA 293:301 the pro-apoptotic gene BBC3/PUMA 270:301 the pro-apoptotic gene BBC3/PUMA 270:301 The miR-483-3p is upregulated in several tumors, including liver tumors, where it inhibits TP53-dependent apoptosis by targeting the pro-apoptotic gene BBC3/PUMA. 28481368 8 15 theme therapeutic 1607:1617 arg1 depletion 1561:1569 depletion 1561:1569 depletion of the miR-483-3p 1561:1587 This suggests that depletion of the miR-483-3p may be a valuable therapeutic approach in liver cancer patients, but the use of inhibitors of glycolysis to achieve this purpose could accelerate the selection of resistant neoplastic cell clones. 28481368 8 15 theme therapeutic 1607:1617 arg1 approach 1619:1626 a valuable therapeutic approach 1596:1626 a valuable therapeutic approach in liver cancer patients 1596:1651 This suggests that depletion of the miR-483-3p may be a valuable therapeutic approach in liver cancer patients, but the use of inhibitors of glycolysis to achieve this purpose could accelerate the selection of resistant neoplastic cell clones. 28481368 6 16 theme HepG2 1360:1364 arg1 load 1376:1379 HepG2 xenograft load 1360:1379 HepG2 xenograft load in immunodeficient mice 1360:1403 Furthermore, treatment with 2-DG alone did not significantly reduce HepG2 xenograft load in immunodeficient mice. 28481368 7 17 theme OGT 1529:1531 arg1 pathway 1533:1539 the OGT pathway 1525:1539 the OGT pathway 1525:1539 In conclusion, we show that in HepG2 cells glucose uptake increases the expression of the oncogenic miR-483-3p through the OGT pathway. 28481368 1 18 theme gene 288:291 arg1 BBC3/PUMA 293:301 the pro-apoptotic gene BBC3/PUMA 270:301 the pro-apoptotic gene BBC3/PUMA 270:301 The miR-483-3p is upregulated in several tumors, including liver tumors, where it inhibits TP53-dependent apoptosis by targeting the pro-apoptotic gene BBC3/PUMA. 28481368 0 19 theme cancer 127:132 arg1 cells 134:138 liver cancer cells 121:138 liver cancer cells 121:138 Regulation of miR-483-3p by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase links chemosensitivity to glucose metabolism in liver cancer cells. 28481368 3 20 theme miR-483-3p 783:792 arg1 expression 794:803 miR-483-3p expression 783:803 miR-483-3p expression 783:803 Here we demonstrate that in HepG2 cells, the molecular link between glucose concentration and miR-483-3p expression entails the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT), which stabilizes the transcriptional complex at the miR-483 promoter. 28481368 7 21 theme miR-483-3p 1506:1515 arg1 expression 1478:1487 the expression 1474:1487 the expression of the oncogenic miR-483-3p 1474:1515 In conclusion, we show that in HepG2 cells glucose uptake increases the expression of the oncogenic miR-483-3p through the OGT pathway. 28481368 2 22 theme host 423:426 arg1 IGF2 433:436 its host gene IGF2 419:436 its host gene IGF2 419:436 The transcriptional regulation of the miR-483-3p could be driven by the β-catenin/USF1 complex, independently from its host gene IGF2, and we previously demonstrated that in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells carrying wild-type TP53 the upregulation of the miR-483-3p overcomes the antitumoral effects of the tumor-suppressor miR-145-5p by a mechanism involving cellular glucose availability. 28481368 0 23 theme liver 121:125 arg1 cells 134:138 liver cancer cells 121:138 liver cancer cells 121:138 Regulation of miR-483-3p by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase links chemosensitivity to glucose metabolism in liver cancer cells. 28481368 3 24 theme glucose 757:763 arg1 concentration 765:777 glucose concentration 757:777 glucose concentration 757:777 Here we demonstrate that in HepG2 cells, the molecular link between glucose concentration and miR-483-3p expression entails the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT), which stabilizes the transcriptional complex at the miR-483 promoter. 28481368 3 25 from entails 805:811 arg1 cells 723:727 HepG2 cells 717:727 HepG2 cells 717:727 Here we demonstrate that in HepG2 cells, the molecular link between glucose concentration and miR-483-3p expression entails the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT), which stabilizes the transcriptional complex at the miR-483 promoter. 28481368 6 26 with treatment 1305:1313 arg1 2-DG 1320:1323 2-DG 1320:1323 2-DG 1320:1323 Furthermore, treatment with 2-DG alone did not significantly reduce HepG2 xenograft load in immunodeficient mice. 28481368 4 27 theme glycolysis 1099:1108 arg1 2-DG 1129:1132 2-DG 1129:1132 2-DG 1129:1132 HepG2 cells showed reduced miR-483-3p expression and increased susceptibility to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced apoptosis in presence of the inhibitor of glycolysis 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG). 28481368 4 27 theme glycolysis 1099:1108 arg1 2-deoxy-d-glucose 1110:1126 glycolysis 2-deoxy-d-glucose 1099:1126 glycolysis 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) 1099:1133 HepG2 cells showed reduced miR-483-3p expression and increased susceptibility to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced apoptosis in presence of the inhibitor of glycolysis 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG). 28481368 5 28 theme 5-FU 1276:1279 arg1 treatment 1281:1289 5-FU treatment 1276:1289 5-FU treatment 1276:1289 However, in vivo experiments showed that HepG2 cells with higher miR-483-3p expression were selected during tumor progression regardless of 5-FU treatment. 28481368 2 29 theme glucose 667:673 arg1 availability 675:686 cellular glucose availability 658:686 cellular glucose availability 658:686 The transcriptional regulation of the miR-483-3p could be driven by the β-catenin/USF1 complex, independently from its host gene IGF2, and we previously demonstrated that in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells carrying wild-type TP53 the upregulation of the miR-483-3p overcomes the antitumoral effects of the tumor-suppressor miR-145-5p by a mechanism involving cellular glucose availability. 28481368 2 30 theme miR-483-3p 342:351 arg1 regulation 324:333 The transcriptional regulation 304:333 The transcriptional regulation of the miR-483-3p 304:351 The transcriptional regulation of the miR-483-3p could be driven by the β-catenin/USF1 complex, independently from its host gene IGF2, and we previously demonstrated that in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells carrying wild-type TP53 the upregulation of the miR-483-3p overcomes the antitumoral effects of the tumor-suppressor miR-145-5p by a mechanism involving cellular glucose availability. 28481368 8 31 theme glycolysis 1683:1692 arg1 inhibitors 1669:1678 inhibitors 1669:1678 inhibitors of glycolysis 1669:1692 This suggests that depletion of the miR-483-3p may be a valuable therapeutic approach in liver cancer patients, but the use of inhibitors of glycolysis to achieve this purpose could accelerate the selection of resistant neoplastic cell clones. 28481368 8 32 theme cancer 1637:1642 arg1 patients 1644:1651 liver cancer patients 1631:1651 liver cancer patients 1631:1651 This suggests that depletion of the miR-483-3p may be a valuable therapeutic approach in liver cancer patients, but the use of inhibitors of glycolysis to achieve this purpose could accelerate the selection of resistant neoplastic cell clones. 28481368 2 33 theme cellular 658:665 arg1 availability 675:686 cellular glucose availability 658:686 cellular glucose availability 658:686 The transcriptional regulation of the miR-483-3p could be driven by the β-catenin/USF1 complex, independently from its host gene IGF2, and we previously demonstrated that in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells carrying wild-type TP53 the upregulation of the miR-483-3p overcomes the antitumoral effects of the tumor-suppressor miR-145-5p by a mechanism involving cellular glucose availability. 28481368 0 34 link O-linked 32:39 arg1 transferase 61:71 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 28:71 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 28:71 Regulation of miR-483-3p by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase links chemosensitivity to glucose metabolism in liver cancer cells. 28481368 7 35 theme oncogenic 1496:1504 arg1 miR-483-3p 1506:1515 the oncogenic miR-483-3p 1492:1515 the oncogenic miR-483-3p 1492:1515 In conclusion, we show that in HepG2 cells glucose uptake increases the expression of the oncogenic miR-483-3p through the OGT pathway. 28481368 1 36 theme liver 200:204 arg1 tumors 206:211 liver tumors 200:211 liver tumors 200:211 The miR-483-3p is upregulated in several tumors, including liver tumors, where it inhibits TP53-dependent apoptosis by targeting the pro-apoptotic gene BBC3/PUMA. 28481368 3 37 theme O-linked 817:824 arg1 O-GlcNAc 847:854 O-GlcNAc 847:854 O-GlcNAc 847:854 Here we demonstrate that in HepG2 cells, the molecular link between glucose concentration and miR-483-3p expression entails the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT), which stabilizes the transcriptional complex at the miR-483 promoter. 28481368 3 37 theme O-linked 817:824 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 826:844 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 817:844 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) 813:873 Here we demonstrate that in HepG2 cells, the molecular link between glucose concentration and miR-483-3p expression entails the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT), which stabilizes the transcriptional complex at the miR-483 promoter. 28481368 0 38 theme miR-483-3p 14:23 arg1 Regulation 0:9 Regulation 0:9 Regulation of miR-483-3p by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:71 Regulation of miR-483-3p by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase links chemosensitivity to glucose metabolism in liver cancer cells. 28481368 8 39 theme valuable 1598:1605 arg1 depletion 1561:1569 depletion 1561:1569 depletion of the miR-483-3p 1561:1587 This suggests that depletion of the miR-483-3p may be a valuable therapeutic approach in liver cancer patients, but the use of inhibitors of glycolysis to achieve this purpose could accelerate the selection of resistant neoplastic cell clones. 28481368 8 39 theme valuable 1598:1605 arg1 approach 1619:1626 a valuable therapeutic approach 1596:1626 a valuable therapeutic approach in liver cancer patients 1596:1651 This suggests that depletion of the miR-483-3p may be a valuable therapeutic approach in liver cancer patients, but the use of inhibitors of glycolysis to achieve this purpose could accelerate the selection of resistant neoplastic cell clones. 28481368 2 40 theme antitumoral 578:588 arg1 effects 590:596 the antitumoral effects 574:596 the antitumoral effects of the tumor-suppressor miR-145-5p 574:631 The transcriptional regulation of the miR-483-3p could be driven by the β-catenin/USF1 complex, independently from its host gene IGF2, and we previously demonstrated that in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells carrying wild-type TP53 the upregulation of the miR-483-3p overcomes the antitumoral effects of the tumor-suppressor miR-145-5p by a mechanism involving cellular glucose availability. 28481368 4 41 dep showed 958:963 arg1 reduced 965:971 reduced 965:971 reduced miR-483-3p expression 965:993 HepG2 cells showed reduced miR-483-3p expression and increased susceptibility to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced apoptosis in presence of the inhibitor of glycolysis 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG). 28481368 4 41 dep showed 958:963 arg1 increased 999:1007 increased 999:1007 increased susceptibility to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced apoptosis in presence of the inhibitor of glycolysis 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) 999:1133 HepG2 cells showed reduced miR-483-3p expression and increased susceptibility to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced apoptosis in presence of the inhibitor of glycolysis 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG). 28481368 0 42 theme O-linked 32:39 arg1 transferase 61:71 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 28:71 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 28:71 Regulation of miR-483-3p by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase links chemosensitivity to glucose metabolism in liver cancer cells. 28481368 3 43 theme HepG2 717:721 arg1 cells 723:727 HepG2 cells 717:727 HepG2 cells 717:727 Here we demonstrate that in HepG2 cells, the molecular link between glucose concentration and miR-483-3p expression entails the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT), which stabilizes the transcriptional complex at the miR-483 promoter. 28481368 5 44 theme in 1145:1146 arg1 experiments 1153:1163 in vivo experiments 1145:1163 in vivo experiments 1145:1163 However, in vivo experiments showed that HepG2 cells with higher miR-483-3p expression were selected during tumor progression regardless of 5-FU treatment. 28481368 2 45 theme hepatoblastoma 484:497 arg1 cells 499:503 HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells 478:503 HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells carrying wild-type TP53 478:527 The transcriptional regulation of the miR-483-3p could be driven by the β-catenin/USF1 complex, independently from its host gene IGF2, and we previously demonstrated that in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells carrying wild-type TP53 the upregulation of the miR-483-3p overcomes the antitumoral effects of the tumor-suppressor miR-145-5p by a mechanism involving cellular glucose availability. 28481368 8 46 from approach 1619:1626 arg1 patients 1644:1651 liver cancer patients 1631:1651 liver cancer patients 1631:1651 This suggests that depletion of the miR-483-3p may be a valuable therapeutic approach in liver cancer patients, but the use of inhibitors of glycolysis to achieve this purpose could accelerate the selection of resistant neoplastic cell clones. 28481368 2 47 contain carrying 505:512 arg2 TP53 524:527 wild-type TP53 514:527 wild-type TP53 514:527 The transcriptional regulation of the miR-483-3p could be driven by the β-catenin/USF1 complex, independently from its host gene IGF2, and we previously demonstrated that in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells carrying wild-type TP53 the upregulation of the miR-483-3p overcomes the antitumoral effects of the tumor-suppressor miR-145-5p by a mechanism involving cellular glucose availability. 28481368 2 47 contain carrying 505:512 arg1 cells 499:503 HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells 478:503 HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells carrying wild-type TP53 478:527 The transcriptional regulation of the miR-483-3p could be driven by the β-catenin/USF1 complex, independently from its host gene IGF2, and we previously demonstrated that in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells carrying wild-type TP53 the upregulation of the miR-483-3p overcomes the antitumoral effects of the tumor-suppressor miR-145-5p by a mechanism involving cellular glucose availability. 28481368 2 48 theme gene 428:431 arg1 IGF2 433:436 its host gene IGF2 419:436 its host gene IGF2 419:436 The transcriptional regulation of the miR-483-3p could be driven by the β-catenin/USF1 complex, independently from its host gene IGF2, and we previously demonstrated that in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells carrying wild-type TP53 the upregulation of the miR-483-3p overcomes the antitumoral effects of the tumor-suppressor miR-145-5p by a mechanism involving cellular glucose availability. 28481368 2 49 theme HepG2 478:482 arg1 cells 499:503 HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells 478:503 HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells carrying wild-type TP53 478:527 The transcriptional regulation of the miR-483-3p could be driven by the β-catenin/USF1 complex, independently from its host gene IGF2, and we previously demonstrated that in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells carrying wild-type TP53 the upregulation of the miR-483-3p overcomes the antitumoral effects of the tumor-suppressor miR-145-5p by a mechanism involving cellular glucose availability. 28481368 2 50 theme miR-145-5p 622:631 arg1 effects 590:596 the antitumoral effects 574:596 the antitumoral effects of the tumor-suppressor miR-145-5p 574:631 The transcriptional regulation of the miR-483-3p could be driven by the β-catenin/USF1 complex, independently from its host gene IGF2, and we previously demonstrated that in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells carrying wild-type TP53 the upregulation of the miR-483-3p overcomes the antitumoral effects of the tumor-suppressor miR-145-5p by a mechanism involving cellular glucose availability. 28481368 8 51 theme liver 1631:1635 arg1 patients 1644:1651 liver cancer patients 1631:1651 liver cancer patients 1631:1651 This suggests that depletion of the miR-483-3p may be a valuable therapeutic approach in liver cancer patients, but the use of inhibitors of glycolysis to achieve this purpose could accelerate the selection of resistant neoplastic cell clones. 28481368 7 52 theme glucose 1449:1455 arg1 uptake 1457:1462 glucose uptake 1449:1462 glucose uptake 1449:1462 In conclusion, we show that in HepG2 cells glucose uptake increases the expression of the oncogenic miR-483-3p through the OGT pathway. 28481368 5 53 theme HepG2 1177:1181 arg1 cells 1183:1187 HepG2 cells 1177:1187 HepG2 cells with higher miR-483-3p expression 1177:1221 However, in vivo experiments showed that HepG2 cells with higher miR-483-3p expression were selected during tumor progression regardless of 5-FU treatment. 28481368 8 54 theme inhibitors 1669:1678 arg1 use 1662:1664 the use 1658:1664 the use of inhibitors of glycolysis to achieve this purpose 1658:1716 This suggests that depletion of the miR-483-3p may be a valuable therapeutic approach in liver cancer patients, but the use of inhibitors of glycolysis to achieve this purpose could accelerate the selection of resistant neoplastic cell clones. 28481368 0 55 theme N-acetylglucosamine 41:59 arg1 transferase 61:71 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 28:71 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 28:71 Regulation of miR-483-3p by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase links chemosensitivity to glucose metabolism in liver cancer cells. 28481368 3 56 theme N-acetylglucosamine 826:844 arg1 OGT 870:872 OGT 870:872 OGT 870:872 Here we demonstrate that in HepG2 cells, the molecular link between glucose concentration and miR-483-3p expression entails the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT), which stabilizes the transcriptional complex at the miR-483 promoter. 28481368 3 56 theme N-acetylglucosamine 826:844 arg1 transferase 857:867 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase 813:867 the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) 813:873 Here we demonstrate that in HepG2 cells, the molecular link between glucose concentration and miR-483-3p expression entails the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT), which stabilizes the transcriptional complex at the miR-483 promoter. 28481368 2 57 theme tumor-suppressor 605:620 arg1 miR-145-5p 622:631 the tumor-suppressor miR-145-5p 601:631 the tumor-suppressor miR-145-5p 601:631 The transcriptional regulation of the miR-483-3p could be driven by the β-catenin/USF1 complex, independently from its host gene IGF2, and we previously demonstrated that in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells carrying wild-type TP53 the upregulation of the miR-483-3p overcomes the antitumoral effects of the tumor-suppressor miR-145-5p by a mechanism involving cellular glucose availability. 28481368 8 58 theme clones 1778:1783 arg1 selection 1739:1747 the selection 1735:1747 the selection of resistant neoplastic cell clones 1735:1783 This suggests that depletion of the miR-483-3p may be a valuable therapeutic approach in liver cancer patients, but the use of inhibitors of glycolysis to achieve this purpose could accelerate the selection of resistant neoplastic cell clones. 28481368 6 59 theme xenograft 1366:1374 arg1 load 1376:1379 HepG2 xenograft load 1360:1379 HepG2 xenograft load in immunodeficient mice 1360:1403 Furthermore, treatment with 2-DG alone did not significantly reduce HepG2 xenograft load in immunodeficient mice. 28481368 5 60 theme tumor 1244:1248 arg1 progression 1250:1260 tumor progression 1244:1260 tumor progression 1244:1260 However, in vivo experiments showed that HepG2 cells with higher miR-483-3p expression were selected during tumor progression regardless of 5-FU treatment. 28481368 4 61 theme miR-483-3p 973:982 arg1 expression 984:993 miR-483-3p expression 973:993 miR-483-3p expression 973:993 HepG2 cells showed reduced miR-483-3p expression and increased susceptibility to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced apoptosis in presence of the inhibitor of glycolysis 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG). 28481368 7 62 theme HepG2 1437:1441 arg1 cells 1443:1447 HepG2 cells 1437:1447 HepG2 cells 1437:1447 In conclusion, we show that in HepG2 cells glucose uptake increases the expression of the oncogenic miR-483-3p through the OGT pathway. 28481368 5 63 with cells 1183:1187 arg1 expression 1212:1221 higher miR-483-3p expression 1194:1221 higher miR-483-3p expression 1194:1221 However, in vivo experiments showed that HepG2 cells with higher miR-483-3p expression were selected during tumor progression regardless of 5-FU treatment. 28481368 6 64 theme immunodeficient 1384:1398 arg1 mice 1400:1403 immunodeficient mice 1384:1403 immunodeficient mice 1384:1403 Furthermore, treatment with 2-DG alone did not significantly reduce HepG2 xenograft load in immunodeficient mice. 28481368 0 65 attach links 73:77 arg2 Regulation 0:9 Regulation 0:9 Regulation of miR-483-3p by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:71 Regulation of miR-483-3p by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase links chemosensitivity to glucose metabolism in liver cancer cells. 28481368 0 65 attach links 73:77 arg1 metabolism 107:116 glucose metabolism 99:116 glucose metabolism in liver cancer cells 99:138 Regulation of miR-483-3p by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase links chemosensitivity to glucose metabolism in liver cancer cells. 28481368 8 66 theme miR-483-3p 1578:1587 arg1 depletion 1561:1569 depletion 1561:1569 depletion of the miR-483-3p 1561:1587 This suggests that depletion of the miR-483-3p may be a valuable therapeutic approach in liver cancer patients, but the use of inhibitors of glycolysis to achieve this purpose could accelerate the selection of resistant neoplastic cell clones. 28481368 8 66 theme miR-483-3p 1578:1587 arg1 approach 1619:1626 a valuable therapeutic approach 1596:1626 a valuable therapeutic approach in liver cancer patients 1596:1651 This suggests that depletion of the miR-483-3p may be a valuable therapeutic approach in liver cancer patients, but the use of inhibitors of glycolysis to achieve this purpose could accelerate the selection of resistant neoplastic cell clones. 28481368 3 67 theme transcriptional 897:911 arg1 complex 913:919 the transcriptional complex 893:919 the transcriptional complex 893:919 Here we demonstrate that in HepG2 cells, the molecular link between glucose concentration and miR-483-3p expression entails the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT), which stabilizes the transcriptional complex at the miR-483 promoter. 28481368 1 68 theme TP53-dependent 232:245 arg1 apoptosis 247:255 TP53-dependent apoptosis 232:255 TP53-dependent apoptosis 232:255 The miR-483-3p is upregulated in several tumors, including liver tumors, where it inhibits TP53-dependent apoptosis by targeting the pro-apoptotic gene BBC3/PUMA. 28481368 4 69 theme -induced 1048:1055 arg1 apoptosis 1057:1065 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced apoptosis 1027:1065 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced apoptosis 1027:1065 HepG2 cells showed reduced miR-483-3p expression and increased susceptibility to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced apoptosis in presence of the inhibitor of glycolysis 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG). 28481368 0 70 from metabolism 107:116 arg1 cells 134:138 liver cancer cells 121:138 liver cancer cells 121:138 Regulation of miR-483-3p by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase links chemosensitivity to glucose metabolism in liver cancer cells. 28481368 6 71 from load 1376:1379 arg1 mice 1400:1403 immunodeficient mice 1384:1403 immunodeficient mice 1384:1403 Furthermore, treatment with 2-DG alone did not significantly reduce HepG2 xenograft load in immunodeficient mice. 28481368 4 72 theme inhibitor 1086:1094 arg1 presence 1070:1077 presence 1070:1077 presence of the inhibitor of glycolysis 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) 1070:1133 HepG2 cells showed reduced miR-483-3p expression and increased susceptibility to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced apoptosis in presence of the inhibitor of glycolysis 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG). 28481368 4 73 theme 2-deoxy-d-glucose 1110:1126 arg1 inhibitor 1086:1094 the inhibitor 1082:1094 the inhibitor of glycolysis 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) 1082:1133 HepG2 cells showed reduced miR-483-3p expression and increased susceptibility to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced apoptosis in presence of the inhibitor of glycolysis 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG). 28481368 8 74 theme neoplastic 1762:1771 arg1 clones 1778:1783 resistant neoplastic cell clones 1752:1783 resistant neoplastic cell clones 1752:1783 This suggests that depletion of the miR-483-3p may be a valuable therapeutic approach in liver cancer patients, but the use of inhibitors of glycolysis to achieve this purpose could accelerate the selection of resistant neoplastic cell clones. 28481368 5 75 dep in 1145:1146 arg1 vivo 1148:1151 vivo 1148:1151 vivo 1148:1151 However, in vivo experiments showed that HepG2 cells with higher miR-483-3p expression were selected during tumor progression regardless of 5-FU treatment. 26302267 2 0 theme β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 372:396 arg1 inactivation 347:358 the inactivation 343:358 the inactivation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase) 343:410 Here, we found that osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells is promoted by the inactivation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase) and suppressed by the inactivation of O-GlcNAc transferase, as indicated by extracellular matrix calcification. 26302267 0 1 from increase 7:14 arg1 modification 48:59 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification 19:59 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification 19:59 Global increase in O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification promotes osteoblast differentiation. 26302267 0 2 link O-linked 19:26 arg1 modification 48:59 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification 19:59 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification 19:59 Global increase in O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification promotes osteoblast differentiation. 26302267 2 3 theme O-linked 363:370 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 372:396 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 363:396 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase) 363:410 Here, we found that osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells is promoted by the inactivation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase) and suppressed by the inactivation of O-GlcNAc transferase, as indicated by extracellular matrix calcification. 26302267 2 3 theme O-linked 363:370 arg1 O-GlcNAcase 399:409 O-GlcNAcase 399:409 O-GlcNAcase 399:409 Here, we found that osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells is promoted by the inactivation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase) and suppressed by the inactivation of O-GlcNAc transferase, as indicated by extracellular matrix calcification. 26302267 5 4 theme tartrate-resistant 1018:1035 arg1 phosphatase 1042:1052 tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 1018:1052 tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 1018:1052 However, osteoclast differentiation of RAW264 cells, as indicated by the expression and activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, was unaffected by the inactivation of either O-GlcNAcase or O-GlcNAc transferase. 26302267 5 5 theme acid 1037:1040 arg1 phosphatase 1042:1052 tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 1018:1052 tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 1018:1052 However, osteoclast differentiation of RAW264 cells, as indicated by the expression and activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, was unaffected by the inactivation of either O-GlcNAcase or O-GlcNAc transferase. 26302267 3 6 theme osteogenic 542:551 arg1 ocn 572:574 ocn 572:574 ocn 572:574 The expression of osteogenic genes such as alp, ocn, and bsp during osteoblast differentiation was positively regulated in a O-GlcNAc glycosylation-dependent manner. 26302267 3 6 theme osteogenic 542:551 arg1 genes 553:557 osteogenic genes 542:557 osteogenic genes such as alp, ocn, and bsp 542:583 The expression of osteogenic genes such as alp, ocn, and bsp during osteoblast differentiation was positively regulated in a O-GlcNAc glycosylation-dependent manner. 26302267 3 6 theme osteogenic 542:551 arg1 alp 567:569 alp 567:569 alp 567:569 The expression of osteogenic genes such as alp, ocn, and bsp during osteoblast differentiation was positively regulated in a O-GlcNAc glycosylation-dependent manner. 26302267 3 6 theme osteogenic 542:551 arg1 bsp 581:583 bsp 581:583 bsp 581:583 The expression of osteogenic genes such as alp, ocn, and bsp during osteoblast differentiation was positively regulated in a O-GlcNAc glycosylation-dependent manner. 26302267 6 7 theme O-GlcNAc 1189:1196 arg1 glycosylation 1198:1210 O-GlcNAc glycosylation 1189:1210 O-GlcNAc glycosylation 1189:1210 Our findings suggest that an approach to manipulate O-GlcNAc glycosylation could be useful for developing the therapeutics for osteoporosis. 26302267 2 8 link O-linked 363:370 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 372:396 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 363:396 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase) 363:410 Here, we found that osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells is promoted by the inactivation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase) and suppressed by the inactivation of O-GlcNAc transferase, as indicated by extracellular matrix calcification. 26302267 2 8 link O-linked 363:370 arg1 O-GlcNAcase 399:409 O-GlcNAcase 399:409 O-GlcNAcase 399:409 Here, we found that osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells is promoted by the inactivation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase) and suppressed by the inactivation of O-GlcNAc transferase, as indicated by extracellular matrix calcification. 26302267 4 9 theme O-GlcNAc 894:901 arg1 glycosylation 903:915 O-GlcNAc glycosylation 894:915 O-GlcNAc glycosylation 894:915 Because it was confirmed that Ets1 and Runx2 are the two key transcription factors responsible for the expression of these osteogenic genes, their transcriptional activity might therefore be regulated by O-GlcNAc glycosylation. 26302267 2 10 theme osteoblast 283:292 arg1 differentiation 294:308 osteoblast differentiation 283:308 osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells 283:326 Here, we found that osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells is promoted by the inactivation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase) and suppressed by the inactivation of O-GlcNAc transferase, as indicated by extracellular matrix calcification. 26302267 5 11 dep expression 991:1000 arg1 the 987:989 the 987:989 the 987:989 However, osteoclast differentiation of RAW264 cells, as indicated by the expression and activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, was unaffected by the inactivation of either O-GlcNAcase or O-GlcNAc transferase. 26302267 4 12 theme osteogenic 813:822 arg1 genes 824:828 these osteogenic genes 807:828 these osteogenic genes 807:828 Because it was confirmed that Ets1 and Runx2 are the two key transcription factors responsible for the expression of these osteogenic genes, their transcriptional activity might therefore be regulated by O-GlcNAc glycosylation. 26302267 5 13 theme osteoclast 927:936 arg1 differentiation 938:952 osteoclast differentiation 927:952 osteoclast differentiation of RAW264 cells 927:968 However, osteoclast differentiation of RAW264 cells, as indicated by the expression and activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, was unaffected by the inactivation of either O-GlcNAcase or O-GlcNAc transferase. 26302267 0 14 theme Global 0:5 arg1 increase 7:14 Global increase 0:14 Global increase in O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification 0:59 Global increase in O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification promotes osteoblast differentiation. 26302267 3 15 theme osteoblast 592:601 arg1 differentiation 603:617 osteoblast differentiation 592:617 osteoblast differentiation 592:617 The expression of osteogenic genes such as alp, ocn, and bsp during osteoblast differentiation was positively regulated in a O-GlcNAc glycosylation-dependent manner. 26302267 0 16 theme O-linked 19:26 arg1 modification 48:59 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification 19:59 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification 19:59 Global increase in O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification promotes osteoblast differentiation. 26302267 4 17 theme responsible 773:783 arg1 Ets1 720:723 Ets1 720:723 Ets1 720:723 Because it was confirmed that Ets1 and Runx2 are the two key transcription factors responsible for the expression of these osteogenic genes, their transcriptional activity might therefore be regulated by O-GlcNAc glycosylation. 26302267 4 17 theme responsible 773:783 arg1 Runx2 729:733 Runx2 729:733 Runx2 729:733 Because it was confirmed that Ets1 and Runx2 are the two key transcription factors responsible for the expression of these osteogenic genes, their transcriptional activity might therefore be regulated by O-GlcNAc glycosylation. 26302267 4 17 theme responsible 773:783 arg1 factors 765:771 the two key transcription factors 739:771 the two key transcription factors responsible for the expression of these osteogenic genes 739:828 Because it was confirmed that Ets1 and Runx2 are the two key transcription factors responsible for the expression of these osteogenic genes, their transcriptional activity might therefore be regulated by O-GlcNAc glycosylation. 26302267 5 18 theme cells 964:968 arg1 differentiation 938:952 osteoclast differentiation 927:952 osteoclast differentiation of RAW264 cells 927:968 However, osteoclast differentiation of RAW264 cells, as indicated by the expression and activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, was unaffected by the inactivation of either O-GlcNAcase or O-GlcNAc transferase. 26302267 2 19 theme O-GlcNAc 450:457 arg1 transferase 459:469 O-GlcNAc transferase 450:469 O-GlcNAc transferase 450:469 Here, we found that osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells is promoted by the inactivation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase) and suppressed by the inactivation of O-GlcNAc transferase, as indicated by extracellular matrix calcification. 26302267 1 20 theme bone 118:121 arg1 formation 123:131 bone formation 118:131 bone formation 118:131 The balance between bone formation and bone resorption is maintained by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and an imbalance in this bone metabolism leads to osteoporosis. 26302267 4 21 theme genes 824:828 arg1 expression 793:802 the expression 789:802 the expression of these osteogenic genes 789:828 Because it was confirmed that Ets1 and Runx2 are the two key transcription factors responsible for the expression of these osteogenic genes, their transcriptional activity might therefore be regulated by O-GlcNAc glycosylation. 26302267 2 22 theme MC3T3-E1 313:320 arg1 cells 322:326 MC3T3-E1 cells 313:326 MC3T3-E1 cells 313:326 Here, we found that osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells is promoted by the inactivation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase) and suppressed by the inactivation of O-GlcNAc transferase, as indicated by extracellular matrix calcification. 26302267 6 23 dep approach 1166:1173 arg1 manipulate 1178:1187 manipulate 1178:1187 to manipulate O-GlcNAc glycosylation 1175:1210 Our findings suggest that an approach to manipulate O-GlcNAc glycosylation could be useful for developing the therapeutics for osteoporosis. 26302267 1 24 theme bone 224:227 arg1 metabolism 229:238 this bone metabolism 219:238 this bone metabolism 219:238 The balance between bone formation and bone resorption is maintained by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and an imbalance in this bone metabolism leads to osteoporosis. 26302267 0 25 theme N-acetylglucosamine 28:46 arg1 modification 48:59 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification 19:59 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification 19:59 Global increase in O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification promotes osteoblast differentiation. 26302267 2 26 theme matrix 502:507 arg1 calcification 509:521 extracellular matrix calcification 488:521 extracellular matrix calcification 488:521 Here, we found that osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells is promoted by the inactivation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase) and suppressed by the inactivation of O-GlcNAc transferase, as indicated by extracellular matrix calcification. 26302267 5 27 dep unaffected 1059:1068 arg1 indicated 974:982 indicated 974:982 indicated by the expression and activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 974:1052 However, osteoclast differentiation of RAW264 cells, as indicated by the expression and activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, was unaffected by the inactivation of either O-GlcNAcase or O-GlcNAc transferase. 26302267 0 28 theme osteoblast 70:79 arg1 differentiation 81:95 osteoblast differentiation 70:95 osteoblast differentiation 70:95 Global increase in O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification promotes osteoblast differentiation. 26302267 1 29 theme bone 137:140 arg1 resorption 142:151 bone resorption 137:151 bone resorption 137:151 The balance between bone formation and bone resorption is maintained by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and an imbalance in this bone metabolism leads to osteoporosis. 26302267 5 30 theme O-GlcNAcase 1100:1110 arg1 inactivation 1077:1088 the inactivation 1073:1088 the inactivation of either O-GlcNAcase or O-GlcNAc transferase 1073:1134 However, osteoclast differentiation of RAW264 cells, as indicated by the expression and activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, was unaffected by the inactivation of either O-GlcNAcase or O-GlcNAc transferase. 26302267 3 31 theme genes 553:557 arg1 expression 528:537 The expression 524:537 The expression of osteogenic genes such as alp, ocn, and bsp during osteoblast differentiation 524:617 The expression of osteogenic genes such as alp, ocn, and bsp during osteoblast differentiation was positively regulated in a O-GlcNAc glycosylation-dependent manner. 26302267 4 32 theme transcriptional 837:851 arg1 activity 853:860 their transcriptional activity 831:860 their transcriptional activity 831:860 Because it was confirmed that Ets1 and Runx2 are the two key transcription factors responsible for the expression of these osteogenic genes, their transcriptional activity might therefore be regulated by O-GlcNAc glycosylation. 26302267 4 33 theme key 747:749 arg1 Ets1 720:723 Ets1 720:723 Ets1 720:723 Because it was confirmed that Ets1 and Runx2 are the two key transcription factors responsible for the expression of these osteogenic genes, their transcriptional activity might therefore be regulated by O-GlcNAc glycosylation. 26302267 4 33 theme key 747:749 arg1 Runx2 729:733 Runx2 729:733 Runx2 729:733 Because it was confirmed that Ets1 and Runx2 are the two key transcription factors responsible for the expression of these osteogenic genes, their transcriptional activity might therefore be regulated by O-GlcNAc glycosylation. 26302267 4 33 theme key 747:749 arg1 factors 765:771 the two key transcription factors 739:771 the two key transcription factors responsible for the expression of these osteogenic genes 739:828 Because it was confirmed that Ets1 and Runx2 are the two key transcription factors responsible for the expression of these osteogenic genes, their transcriptional activity might therefore be regulated by O-GlcNAc glycosylation. 26302267 5 34 theme O-GlcNAc 1115:1122 arg1 transferase 1124:1134 O-GlcNAc transferase 1115:1134 O-GlcNAc transferase 1115:1134 However, osteoclast differentiation of RAW264 cells, as indicated by the expression and activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, was unaffected by the inactivation of either O-GlcNAcase or O-GlcNAc transferase. 26302267 3 35 theme O-GlcNAc 649:656 arg1 manner 682:687 a O-GlcNAc glycosylation-dependent manner 647:687 a O-GlcNAc glycosylation-dependent manner 647:687 The expression of osteogenic genes such as alp, ocn, and bsp during osteoblast differentiation was positively regulated in a O-GlcNAc glycosylation-dependent manner. 26302267 5 36 theme transferase 1124:1134 arg1 inactivation 1077:1088 the inactivation 1073:1088 the inactivation of either O-GlcNAcase or O-GlcNAc transferase 1073:1134 However, osteoclast differentiation of RAW264 cells, as indicated by the expression and activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, was unaffected by the inactivation of either O-GlcNAcase or O-GlcNAc transferase. 26302267 3 37 theme glycosylation-dependent 658:680 arg1 manner 682:687 a O-GlcNAc glycosylation-dependent manner 647:687 a O-GlcNAc glycosylation-dependent manner 647:687 The expression of osteogenic genes such as alp, ocn, and bsp during osteoblast differentiation was positively regulated in a O-GlcNAc glycosylation-dependent manner. 26302267 4 38 theme transcription 751:763 arg1 Ets1 720:723 Ets1 720:723 Ets1 720:723 Because it was confirmed that Ets1 and Runx2 are the two key transcription factors responsible for the expression of these osteogenic genes, their transcriptional activity might therefore be regulated by O-GlcNAc glycosylation. 26302267 4 38 theme transcription 751:763 arg1 Runx2 729:733 Runx2 729:733 Runx2 729:733 Because it was confirmed that Ets1 and Runx2 are the two key transcription factors responsible for the expression of these osteogenic genes, their transcriptional activity might therefore be regulated by O-GlcNAc glycosylation. 26302267 4 38 theme transcription 751:763 arg1 factors 765:771 the two key transcription factors 739:771 the two key transcription factors responsible for the expression of these osteogenic genes 739:828 Because it was confirmed that Ets1 and Runx2 are the two key transcription factors responsible for the expression of these osteogenic genes, their transcriptional activity might therefore be regulated by O-GlcNAc glycosylation. 26302267 5 39 theme phosphatase 1042:1052 arg1 activity 1006:1013 activity 1006:1013 activity 1006:1013 However, osteoclast differentiation of RAW264 cells, as indicated by the expression and activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, was unaffected by the inactivation of either O-GlcNAcase or O-GlcNAc transferase. 26302267 5 39 theme phosphatase 1042:1052 arg1 expression 991:1000 expression 991:1000 expression 991:1000 However, osteoclast differentiation of RAW264 cells, as indicated by the expression and activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, was unaffected by the inactivation of either O-GlcNAcase or O-GlcNAc transferase. 26302267 1 40 from imbalance 206:214 arg1 metabolism 229:238 this bone metabolism 219:238 this bone metabolism 219:238 The balance between bone formation and bone resorption is maintained by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and an imbalance in this bone metabolism leads to osteoporosis. 26302267 2 41 from differentiation 294:308 arg1 cells 322:326 MC3T3-E1 cells 313:326 MC3T3-E1 cells 313:326 Here, we found that osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells is promoted by the inactivation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase) and suppressed by the inactivation of O-GlcNAc transferase, as indicated by extracellular matrix calcification. 26302267 2 42 theme extracellular 488:500 arg1 calcification 509:521 extracellular matrix calcification 488:521 extracellular matrix calcification 488:521 Here, we found that osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells is promoted by the inactivation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase) and suppressed by the inactivation of O-GlcNAc transferase, as indicated by extracellular matrix calcification. 26302267 2 43 theme transferase 459:469 arg1 inactivation 434:445 the inactivation 430:445 the inactivation of O-GlcNAc transferase 430:469 Here, we found that osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells is promoted by the inactivation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase) and suppressed by the inactivation of O-GlcNAc transferase, as indicated by extracellular matrix calcification. 26302267 5 44 theme RAW264 957:962 arg1 cells 964:968 RAW264 cells 957:968 RAW264 cells 957:968 However, osteoclast differentiation of RAW264 cells, as indicated by the expression and activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, was unaffected by the inactivation of either O-GlcNAcase or O-GlcNAc transferase. 26667994 6 0 theme chimeric 787:794 arg1 proteins 810:817 chimeric AGP-like core proteins 787:817 chimeric AGP-like core proteins 787:817 Here we investigated the presence of chimeric AGP-like core proteins in this lineage. 26667994 3 1 theme green 483:487 arg1 Chloroplastida 496:509 Chloroplastida 496:509 Chloroplastida 496:509 They belong to the phylum Stramenopiles, which is unrelated to land plants and green algae (Chloroplastida). 26667994 3 1 theme green 483:487 arg1 algae 489:493 green algae 483:493 green algae (Chloroplastida) 483:510 They belong to the phylum Stramenopiles, which is unrelated to land plants and green algae (Chloroplastida). 26667994 8 2 theme brown 1097:1101 arg1 extracts 1119:1126 brown algal cell wall extracts 1097:1126 brown algal cell wall extracts 1097:1126 We showed the occurrence of AGP glycan epitopes in a range of brown algal cell wall extracts. 26667994 4 3 theme multicellular 571:583 arg1 wall 631:634 a carbohydrate-rich cell wall 606:634 a carbohydrate-rich cell wall 606:634 Brown algae share common evolutionary features with other multicellular organisms, including a carbohydrate-rich cell wall. 26667994 4 3 theme multicellular 571:583 arg1 organisms 585:593 other multicellular organisms 565:593 other multicellular organisms 565:593 Brown algae share common evolutionary features with other multicellular organisms, including a carbohydrate-rich cell wall. 26667994 1 4 theme cell 260:263 arg1 surface 265:271 the cell surface 256:271 the cell surface of plants, where they play key roles in developmental processes 256:335 Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated, hydroxyproline-rich proteins found at the cell surface of plants, where they play key roles in developmental processes. 26667994 8 5 theme cell 1109:1112 arg1 extracts 1119:1126 brown algal cell wall extracts 1097:1126 brown algal cell wall extracts 1097:1126 We showed the occurrence of AGP glycan epitopes in a range of brown algal cell wall extracts. 26667994 0 6 contain have 25:28 arg1 proteins 16:23 Arabinogalactan proteins 0:23 Arabinogalactan proteins 0:23 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 0 6 contain have 25:28 arg2 roots 35:39 deep roots 30:39 deep roots 30:39 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 1 7 theme Arabinogalactan 161:175 arg1 proteins 177:184 Arabinogalactan proteins 161:184 Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) 161:191 Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated, hydroxyproline-rich proteins found at the cell surface of plants, where they play key roles in developmental processes. 26667994 1 7 theme Arabinogalactan 161:175 arg1 AGPs 187:190 AGPs 187:190 AGPs 187:190 Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated, hydroxyproline-rich proteins found at the cell surface of plants, where they play key roles in developmental processes. 26667994 8 8 theme extracts 1119:1126 arg1 range 1088:1092 a range 1086:1092 a range of brown algal cell wall extracts 1086:1126 We showed the occurrence of AGP glycan epitopes in a range of brown algal cell wall extracts. 26667994 4 9 theme cell 626:629 arg1 wall 631:634 a carbohydrate-rich cell wall 606:634 a carbohydrate-rich cell wall 606:634 Brown algae share common evolutionary features with other multicellular organisms, including a carbohydrate-rich cell wall. 26667994 9 10 theme AGP-like 1165:1172 arg1 proteins 1179:1186 these chimeric AGP-like core proteins 1150:1186 these chimeric AGP-like core proteins 1150:1186 We demonstrated that these chimeric AGP-like core proteins are developmentally regulated in embryos of the order Fucales and showed that AGP loss of function seriously impairs the course of early embryogenesis. 26667994 0 11 from genes 74:78 arg1 algae 102:106 brown algae 96:106 brown algae 96:106 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 0 12 from identification 56:69 arg1 development 148:158 Fucus serratus embryo development 126:158 Fucus serratus embryo development 126:158 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 0 12 from identification 56:69 arg1 algae 102:106 brown algae 96:106 brown algae 96:106 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 0 13 theme Fucus 126:130 arg1 development 148:158 Fucus serratus embryo development 126:158 Fucus serratus embryo development 126:158 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 7 14 theme gene 961:964 arg1 context 966:972 a gene context 959:972 a gene context that differs considerably from what is known in land plants 959:1032 We report that the genome sequence of the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus encodes AGP protein backbone motifs, in a gene context that differs considerably from what is known in land plants. 26667994 5 15 theme cell 679:682 arg1 composition 689:699 their cell wall composition 673:699 their cell wall composition 673:699 They differ markedly from plants in their cell wall composition, and AGPs have not been reported in brown algae. 26667994 0 16 dep Fucus 126:130 arg1 serratus 132:139 serratus 132:139 serratus 132:139 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 0 17 from epitopes 84:91 arg1 algae 102:106 brown algae 96:106 brown algae 96:106 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 9 18 theme function 1278:1285 arg1 loss 1270:1273 AGP loss 1266:1273 AGP loss of function 1266:1285 We demonstrated that these chimeric AGP-like core proteins are developmentally regulated in embryos of the order Fucales and showed that AGP loss of function seriously impairs the course of early embryogenesis. 26667994 0 19 theme embryo 141:146 arg1 development 148:158 Fucus serratus embryo development 126:158 Fucus serratus embryo development 126:158 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 0 20 theme genes 74:78 arg1 role 118:121 their role 112:121 their role in Fucus serratus embryo development 112:158 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 0 20 theme genes 74:78 arg1 identification 56:69 identification 56:69 identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae 56:106 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 0 20 theme genes 74:78 arg1 eukaryotes 44:53 eukaryotes 44:53 eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development 44:158 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 1 21 theme developmental 313:325 arg1 processes 327:335 developmental processes 313:335 developmental processes 313:335 Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated, hydroxyproline-rich proteins found at the cell surface of plants, where they play key roles in developmental processes. 26667994 7 22 theme protein 931:937 arg1 motifs 948:953 AGP protein backbone motifs 927:953 AGP protein backbone motifs 927:953 We report that the genome sequence of the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus encodes AGP protein backbone motifs, in a gene context that differs considerably from what is known in land plants. 26667994 7 22 theme protein 931:937 arg1 sequence 862:869 the genome sequence 851:869 the genome sequence of the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus 851:917 We report that the genome sequence of the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus encodes AGP protein backbone motifs, in a gene context that differs considerably from what is known in land plants. 26667994 0 23 theme epitopes 84:91 arg1 role 118:121 their role 112:121 their role in Fucus serratus embryo development 112:158 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 0 23 theme epitopes 84:91 arg1 identification 56:69 identification 56:69 identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae 56:106 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 0 23 theme epitopes 84:91 arg1 eukaryotes 44:53 eukaryotes 44:53 eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development 44:158 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 8 24 from occurrence 1049:1058 arg1 range 1088:1092 a range 1086:1092 a range of brown algal cell wall extracts 1086:1126 We showed the occurrence of AGP glycan epitopes in a range of brown algal cell wall extracts. 26667994 10 25 theme cell 1394:1397 arg1 sensing 1404:1410 cell wall sensing 1394:1410 cell wall sensing 1394:1410 Our findings shine a new light on the role of AGPs in cell wall sensing and raise questions about the origin and evolution of AGPs in eukaryotes. 26667994 0 26 theme brown 96:100 arg1 algae 102:106 brown algae 96:106 brown algae 96:106 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 7 27 theme Ectocarpus 896:905 arg1 siliculosus 907:917 the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus 874:917 the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus 874:917 We report that the genome sequence of the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus encodes AGP protein backbone motifs, in a gene context that differs considerably from what is known in land plants. 26667994 10 28 theme AGPs 1386:1389 arg1 role 1378:1381 the role 1374:1381 the role of AGPs in cell wall sensing 1374:1410 Our findings shine a new light on the role of AGPs in cell wall sensing and raise questions about the origin and evolution of AGPs in eukaryotes. 26667994 0 29 theme Arabinogalactan 0:14 arg1 proteins 16:23 Arabinogalactan proteins 0:23 Arabinogalactan proteins 0:23 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 7 30 theme algal 884:888 arg1 siliculosus 907:917 the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus 874:917 the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus 874:917 We report that the genome sequence of the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus encodes AGP protein backbone motifs, in a gene context that differs considerably from what is known in land plants. 26667994 1 31 theme plants 276:281 arg1 surface 265:271 the cell surface 256:271 the cell surface of plants, where they play key roles in developmental processes 256:335 Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated, hydroxyproline-rich proteins found at the cell surface of plants, where they play key roles in developmental processes. 26667994 10 32 from evolution 1453:1461 arg1 eukaryotes 1474:1483 eukaryotes 1474:1483 eukaryotes 1474:1483 Our findings shine a new light on the role of AGPs in cell wall sensing and raise questions about the origin and evolution of AGPs in eukaryotes. 26667994 4 33 theme common 531:536 arg1 features 551:558 common evolutionary features 531:558 common evolutionary features 531:558 Brown algae share common evolutionary features with other multicellular organisms, including a carbohydrate-rich cell wall. 26667994 10 34 from AGPs 1466:1469 arg1 eukaryotes 1474:1483 eukaryotes 1474:1483 eukaryotes 1474:1483 Our findings shine a new light on the role of AGPs in cell wall sensing and raise questions about the origin and evolution of AGPs in eukaryotes. 26667994 0 35 dep eukaryotes 44:53 arg1 role 118:121 their role 112:121 their role in Fucus serratus embryo development 112:158 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 0 35 dep eukaryotes 44:53 arg1 identification 56:69 identification 56:69 identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae 56:106 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 0 35 dep eukaryotes 44:53 arg1 eukaryotes 44:53 eukaryotes 44:53 eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development 44:158 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 6 36 attach presence 775:782 arg1 lineage 827:833 this lineage 822:833 this lineage 822:833 Here we investigated the presence of chimeric AGP-like core proteins in this lineage. 26667994 6 36 attach presence 775:782 arg2 proteins 810:817 chimeric AGP-like core proteins 787:817 chimeric AGP-like core proteins 787:817 Here we investigated the presence of chimeric AGP-like core proteins in this lineage. 26667994 3 37 theme land 467:470 arg1 plants 472:477 land plants 467:477 land plants 467:477 They belong to the phylum Stramenopiles, which is unrelated to land plants and green algae (Chloroplastida). 26667994 10 38 from eukaryotes 1474:1483 arg1 evolution 1453:1461 evolution 1453:1461 evolution 1453:1461 Our findings shine a new light on the role of AGPs in cell wall sensing and raise questions about the origin and evolution of AGPs in eukaryotes. 26667994 10 38 from eukaryotes 1474:1483 arg1 origin 1442:1447 origin 1442:1447 origin 1442:1447 Our findings shine a new light on the role of AGPs in cell wall sensing and raise questions about the origin and evolution of AGPs in eukaryotes. 26667994 10 39 theme new 1361:1363 arg1 light 1365:1369 a new light 1359:1369 a new light 1359:1369 Our findings shine a new light on the role of AGPs in cell wall sensing and raise questions about the origin and evolution of AGPs in eukaryotes. 26667994 7 40 theme brown 878:882 arg1 siliculosus 907:917 the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus 874:917 the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus 874:917 We report that the genome sequence of the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus encodes AGP protein backbone motifs, in a gene context that differs considerably from what is known in land plants. 26667994 9 41 theme early 1319:1323 arg1 embryogenesis 1325:1337 early embryogenesis 1319:1337 early embryogenesis 1319:1337 We demonstrated that these chimeric AGP-like core proteins are developmentally regulated in embryos of the order Fucales and showed that AGP loss of function seriously impairs the course of early embryogenesis. 26667994 8 42 theme AGP 1063:1065 arg1 epitopes 1074:1081 AGP glycan epitopes 1063:1081 AGP glycan epitopes 1063:1081 We showed the occurrence of AGP glycan epitopes in a range of brown algal cell wall extracts. 26667994 6 43 theme core 805:808 arg1 proteins 810:817 chimeric AGP-like core proteins 787:817 chimeric AGP-like core proteins 787:817 Here we investigated the presence of chimeric AGP-like core proteins in this lineage. 26667994 1 44 located found 247:251 arg1 surface 265:271 the cell surface 256:271 the cell surface of plants, where they play key roles in developmental processes 256:335 Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated, hydroxyproline-rich proteins found at the cell surface of plants, where they play key roles in developmental processes. 26667994 1 44 located found 247:251 arg2 proteins 238:245 hydroxyproline-rich proteins 218:245 hydroxyproline-rich proteins found at the cell surface of plants, where they play key roles in developmental processes 218:335 Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated, hydroxyproline-rich proteins found at the cell surface of plants, where they play key roles in developmental processes. 26667994 0 45 from role 118:121 arg1 development 148:158 Fucus serratus embryo development 126:158 Fucus serratus embryo development 126:158 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 0 45 from role 118:121 arg1 algae 102:106 brown algae 96:106 brown algae 96:106 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 10 46 theme AGPs 1466:1469 arg1 evolution 1453:1461 evolution 1453:1461 evolution 1453:1461 Our findings shine a new light on the role of AGPs in cell wall sensing and raise questions about the origin and evolution of AGPs in eukaryotes. 26667994 10 46 theme AGPs 1466:1469 arg1 origin 1442:1447 origin 1442:1447 origin 1442:1447 Our findings shine a new light on the role of AGPs in cell wall sensing and raise questions about the origin and evolution of AGPs in eukaryotes. 26667994 5 47 from plants 663:668 arg1 composition 689:699 their cell wall composition 673:699 their cell wall composition 673:699 They differ markedly from plants in their cell wall composition, and AGPs have not been reported in brown algae. 26667994 8 48 theme epitopes 1074:1081 arg1 occurrence 1049:1058 the occurrence 1045:1058 the occurrence of AGP glycan epitopes in a range of brown algal cell wall extracts 1045:1126 We showed the occurrence of AGP glycan epitopes in a range of brown algal cell wall extracts. 26667994 9 49 theme order 1236:1240 arg1 Fucales 1242:1248 the order Fucales 1232:1248 the order Fucales 1232:1248 We demonstrated that these chimeric AGP-like core proteins are developmentally regulated in embryos of the order Fucales and showed that AGP loss of function seriously impairs the course of early embryogenesis. 26667994 10 50 dep origin 1442:1447 arg1 the 1438:1440 the 1438:1440 the 1438:1440 Our findings shine a new light on the role of AGPs in cell wall sensing and raise questions about the origin and evolution of AGPs in eukaryotes. 26667994 2 51 theme Brown 338:342 arg1 eukaryotes 392:401 marine, multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes 354:401 marine, multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes 354:401 Brown algae are marine, multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes. 26667994 2 51 theme Brown 338:342 arg1 algae 344:348 Brown algae 338:348 Brown algae 338:348 Brown algae are marine, multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes. 26667994 7 52 theme genome 855:860 arg1 motifs 948:953 AGP protein backbone motifs 927:953 AGP protein backbone motifs 927:953 We report that the genome sequence of the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus encodes AGP protein backbone motifs, in a gene context that differs considerably from what is known in land plants. 26667994 7 52 theme genome 855:860 arg1 sequence 862:869 the genome sequence 851:869 the genome sequence of the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus 851:917 We report that the genome sequence of the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus encodes AGP protein backbone motifs, in a gene context that differs considerably from what is known in land plants. 26667994 4 53 theme other 565:569 arg1 wall 631:634 a carbohydrate-rich cell wall 606:634 a carbohydrate-rich cell wall 606:634 Brown algae share common evolutionary features with other multicellular organisms, including a carbohydrate-rich cell wall. 26667994 4 53 theme other 565:569 arg1 organisms 585:593 other multicellular organisms 565:593 other multicellular organisms 565:593 Brown algae share common evolutionary features with other multicellular organisms, including a carbohydrate-rich cell wall. 26667994 8 54 theme algal 1103:1107 arg1 extracts 1119:1126 brown algal cell wall extracts 1097:1126 brown algal cell wall extracts 1097:1126 We showed the occurrence of AGP glycan epitopes in a range of brown algal cell wall extracts. 26667994 8 55 theme wall 1114:1117 arg1 extracts 1119:1126 brown algal cell wall extracts 1097:1126 brown algal cell wall extracts 1097:1126 We showed the occurrence of AGP glycan epitopes in a range of brown algal cell wall extracts. 26667994 5 56 theme wall 684:687 arg1 composition 689:699 their cell wall composition 673:699 their cell wall composition 673:699 They differ markedly from plants in their cell wall composition, and AGPs have not been reported in brown algae. 26667994 9 57 theme chimeric 1156:1163 arg1 proteins 1179:1186 these chimeric AGP-like core proteins 1150:1186 these chimeric AGP-like core proteins 1150:1186 We demonstrated that these chimeric AGP-like core proteins are developmentally regulated in embryos of the order Fucales and showed that AGP loss of function seriously impairs the course of early embryogenesis. 26667994 10 58 from role 1378:1381 arg1 sensing 1404:1410 cell wall sensing 1394:1410 cell wall sensing 1394:1410 Our findings shine a new light on the role of AGPs in cell wall sensing and raise questions about the origin and evolution of AGPs in eukaryotes. 26667994 4 59 theme carbohydrate-rich 608:624 arg1 wall 631:634 a carbohydrate-rich cell wall 606:634 a carbohydrate-rich cell wall 606:634 Brown algae share common evolutionary features with other multicellular organisms, including a carbohydrate-rich cell wall. 26667994 9 60 theme core 1174:1177 arg1 proteins 1179:1186 these chimeric AGP-like core proteins 1150:1186 these chimeric AGP-like core proteins 1150:1186 We demonstrated that these chimeric AGP-like core proteins are developmentally regulated in embryos of the order Fucales and showed that AGP loss of function seriously impairs the course of early embryogenesis. 26667994 7 61 theme land 1022:1025 arg1 plants 1027:1032 land plants 1022:1032 land plants 1022:1032 We report that the genome sequence of the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus encodes AGP protein backbone motifs, in a gene context that differs considerably from what is known in land plants. 26667994 0 62 from algae 102:106 arg1 role 118:121 their role 112:121 their role in Fucus serratus embryo development 112:158 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 0 62 from algae 102:106 arg1 identification 56:69 identification 56:69 identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae 56:106 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 0 62 from algae 102:106 arg1 eukaryotes 44:53 eukaryotes 44:53 eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development 44:158 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 7 63 theme backbone 939:946 arg1 motifs 948:953 AGP protein backbone motifs 927:953 AGP protein backbone motifs 927:953 We report that the genome sequence of the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus encodes AGP protein backbone motifs, in a gene context that differs considerably from what is known in land plants. 26667994 7 63 theme backbone 939:946 arg1 sequence 862:869 the genome sequence 851:869 the genome sequence of the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus 851:917 We report that the genome sequence of the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus encodes AGP protein backbone motifs, in a gene context that differs considerably from what is known in land plants. 26667994 5 64 theme brown 737:741 arg1 algae 743:747 brown algae 737:747 brown algae 737:747 They differ markedly from plants in their cell wall composition, and AGPs have not been reported in brown algae. 26667994 9 65 theme Fucales 1242:1248 arg1 embryos 1221:1227 embryos 1221:1227 embryos of the order Fucales 1221:1248 We demonstrated that these chimeric AGP-like core proteins are developmentally regulated in embryos of the order Fucales and showed that AGP loss of function seriously impairs the course of early embryogenesis. 26667994 1 66 gly glycosylated 204:215 arg1 proteins 177:184 Arabinogalactan proteins 161:184 Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) 161:191 Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated, hydroxyproline-rich proteins found at the cell surface of plants, where they play key roles in developmental processes. 26667994 1 66 gly glycosylated 204:215 arg1 AGPs 187:190 AGPs 187:190 AGPs 187:190 Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated, hydroxyproline-rich proteins found at the cell surface of plants, where they play key roles in developmental processes. 26667994 10 67 from origin 1442:1447 arg1 eukaryotes 1474:1483 eukaryotes 1474:1483 eukaryotes 1474:1483 Our findings shine a new light on the role of AGPs in cell wall sensing and raise questions about the origin and evolution of AGPs in eukaryotes. 26667994 7 68 theme AGP 927:929 arg1 motifs 948:953 AGP protein backbone motifs 927:953 AGP protein backbone motifs 927:953 We report that the genome sequence of the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus encodes AGP protein backbone motifs, in a gene context that differs considerably from what is known in land plants. 26667994 7 68 theme AGP 927:929 arg1 sequence 862:869 the genome sequence 851:869 the genome sequence of the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus 851:917 We report that the genome sequence of the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus encodes AGP protein backbone motifs, in a gene context that differs considerably from what is known in land plants. 26667994 6 69 from presence 775:782 arg1 lineage 827:833 this lineage 822:833 this lineage 822:833 Here we investigated the presence of chimeric AGP-like core proteins in this lineage. 26667994 3 70 theme phylum 423:428 arg1 unrelated 454:462 unrelated 454:462 unrelated 454:462 They belong to the phylum Stramenopiles, which is unrelated to land plants and green algae (Chloroplastida). 26667994 3 70 theme phylum 423:428 arg1 Stramenopiles 430:442 the phylum Stramenopiles 419:442 the phylum Stramenopiles 419:442 They belong to the phylum Stramenopiles, which is unrelated to land plants and green algae (Chloroplastida). 26667994 9 71 theme AGP 1266:1268 arg1 loss 1270:1273 AGP loss 1266:1273 AGP loss of function 1266:1285 We demonstrated that these chimeric AGP-like core proteins are developmentally regulated in embryos of the order Fucales and showed that AGP loss of function seriously impairs the course of early embryogenesis. 26667994 7 72 theme siliculosus 907:917 arg1 motifs 948:953 AGP protein backbone motifs 927:953 AGP protein backbone motifs 927:953 We report that the genome sequence of the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus encodes AGP protein backbone motifs, in a gene context that differs considerably from what is known in land plants. 26667994 7 72 theme siliculosus 907:917 arg1 sequence 862:869 the genome sequence 851:869 the genome sequence of the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus 851:917 We report that the genome sequence of the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus encodes AGP protein backbone motifs, in a gene context that differs considerably from what is known in land plants. 26667994 2 73 theme marine 354:359 arg1 eukaryotes 392:401 marine, multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes 354:401 marine, multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes 354:401 Brown algae are marine, multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes. 26667994 2 73 theme marine 354:359 arg1 algae 344:348 Brown algae 338:348 Brown algae 338:348 Brown algae are marine, multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes. 26667994 0 74 theme deep 30:33 arg1 roots 35:39 deep roots 30:39 deep roots 30:39 Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. 26667994 7 75 theme model 890:894 arg1 siliculosus 907:917 the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus 874:917 the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus 874:917 We report that the genome sequence of the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus encodes AGP protein backbone motifs, in a gene context that differs considerably from what is known in land plants. 26667994 4 76 theme evolutionary 538:549 arg1 features 551:558 common evolutionary features 531:558 common evolutionary features 531:558 Brown algae share common evolutionary features with other multicellular organisms, including a carbohydrate-rich cell wall. 26667994 10 77 theme wall 1399:1402 arg1 sensing 1404:1410 cell wall sensing 1394:1410 cell wall sensing 1394:1410 Our findings shine a new light on the role of AGPs in cell wall sensing and raise questions about the origin and evolution of AGPs in eukaryotes. 26667994 1 78 theme hydroxyproline-rich 218:236 arg1 proteins 238:245 hydroxyproline-rich proteins 218:245 hydroxyproline-rich proteins found at the cell surface of plants, where they play key roles in developmental processes 218:335 Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated, hydroxyproline-rich proteins found at the cell surface of plants, where they play key roles in developmental processes. 26667994 4 79 theme Brown 513:517 arg1 algae 519:523 Brown algae 513:523 Brown algae 513:523 Brown algae share common evolutionary features with other multicellular organisms, including a carbohydrate-rich cell wall. 26667994 1 80 theme key 300:302 arg1 roles 304:308 key roles 300:308 key roles 300:308 Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated, hydroxyproline-rich proteins found at the cell surface of plants, where they play key roles in developmental processes. 26667994 8 81 theme glycan 1067:1072 arg1 epitopes 1074:1081 AGP glycan epitopes 1063:1081 AGP glycan epitopes 1063:1081 We showed the occurrence of AGP glycan epitopes in a range of brown algal cell wall extracts. 26667994 6 82 theme proteins 810:817 arg1 presence 775:782 the presence 771:782 the presence of chimeric AGP-like core proteins in this lineage 771:833 Here we investigated the presence of chimeric AGP-like core proteins in this lineage. 26667994 2 83 dep marine 354:359 arg1 multicellular 362:374 multicellular 362:374 multicellular 362:374 Brown algae are marine, multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes. 26667994 2 83 dep marine 354:359 arg1 photosynthetic 377:390 photosynthetic 377:390 photosynthetic 377:390 Brown algae are marine, multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes. 26667994 9 84 theme embryogenesis 1325:1337 arg1 course 1309:1314 the course 1305:1314 the course of early embryogenesis 1305:1337 We demonstrated that these chimeric AGP-like core proteins are developmentally regulated in embryos of the order Fucales and showed that AGP loss of function seriously impairs the course of early embryogenesis. 26667994 6 85 theme AGP-like 796:803 arg1 proteins 810:817 chimeric AGP-like core proteins 787:817 chimeric AGP-like core proteins 787:817 Here we investigated the presence of chimeric AGP-like core proteins in this lineage. 26667994 10 86 from shine 1353:1357 arg1 role 1378:1381 the role 1374:1381 the role of AGPs in cell wall sensing 1374:1410 Our findings shine a new light on the role of AGPs in cell wall sensing and raise questions about the origin and evolution of AGPs in eukaryotes. 28965048 0 0 theme steroids 89:96 arg1 characterization 65:80 characterization 65:80 characterization 65:80 A homologues prediction strategy for comprehensive screening and characterization of C21 steroids from Xiao-ai-ping injection by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 0 0 theme steroids 89:96 arg1 screening 51:59 screening 51:59 screening 51:59 A homologues prediction strategy for comprehensive screening and characterization of C21 steroids from Xiao-ai-ping injection by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 1 1 theme great 377:381 arg1 challenge 383:391 a great challenge 375:391 a great challenge 375:391 Because of the complicated chemical composition of Traditional Chinese Medicines, their chemical profile study has been a great challenge. 28965048 1 1 theme great 377:381 arg1 study 360:364 their chemical profile study 337:364 their chemical profile study 337:364 Because of the complicated chemical composition of Traditional Chinese Medicines, their chemical profile study has been a great challenge. 28965048 0 2 theme resolution 198:207 arg1 spectrometry 241:252 high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 193:252 high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 193:252 A homologues prediction strategy for comprehensive screening and characterization of C21 steroids from Xiao-ai-ping injection by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 5 3 theme homologues 1101:1110 arg1 strategy 1123:1130 the homologues prediction strategy 1097:1130 the homologues prediction strategy 1097:1130 The results indicated that the homologues prediction strategy not only provided an efficient technique to screen and identify target constituents, but also offered a new perspective for discovery new components in Traditional Chinese Medicines. 28965048 1 4 theme composition 291:301 arg1 challenge 383:391 a great challenge 375:391 a great challenge 375:391 Because of the complicated chemical composition of Traditional Chinese Medicines, their chemical profile study has been a great challenge. 28965048 1 4 theme composition 291:301 arg1 study 360:364 their chemical profile study 337:364 their chemical profile study 337:364 Because of the complicated chemical composition of Traditional Chinese Medicines, their chemical profile study has been a great challenge. 28965048 0 5 theme C21 85:87 arg1 steroids 89:96 C21 steroids 85:96 C21 steroids from Xiao-ai-ping injection 85:124 A homologues prediction strategy for comprehensive screening and characterization of C21 steroids from Xiao-ai-ping injection by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 5 6 theme target 1196:1201 arg1 constituents 1203:1214 target constituents 1196:1214 target constituents 1196:1214 The results indicated that the homologues prediction strategy not only provided an efficient technique to screen and identify target constituents, but also offered a new perspective for discovery new components in Traditional Chinese Medicines. 28965048 0 7 theme high 193:196 arg1 spectrometry 241:252 high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 193:252 high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 193:252 A homologues prediction strategy for comprehensive screening and characterization of C21 steroids from Xiao-ai-ping injection by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 2 8 theme mass 656:659 arg1 spectrometry 661:672 high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 613:672 high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 613:672 In the present work, a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection was developed by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 5 9 theme new 1266:1268 arg1 components 1270:1279 discovery new components 1256:1279 discovery new components in Traditional Chinese Medicines 1256:1312 The results indicated that the homologues prediction strategy not only provided an efficient technique to screen and identify target constituents, but also offered a new perspective for discovery new components in Traditional Chinese Medicines. 28965048 0 10 theme Xiao-ai-ping 103:114 arg1 injection 116:124 Xiao-ai-ping injection 103:124 Xiao-ai-ping injection 103:124 A homologues prediction strategy for comprehensive screening and characterization of C21 steroids from Xiao-ai-ping injection by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 0 11 theme quadrupole-orbitrap 216:234 arg1 spectrometry 241:252 high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 193:252 high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 193:252 A homologues prediction strategy for comprehensive screening and characterization of C21 steroids from Xiao-ai-ping injection by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 1 12 theme Traditional 306:316 arg1 Medicines 326:334 Traditional Chinese Medicines 306:334 Traditional Chinese Medicines 306:334 Because of the complicated chemical composition of Traditional Chinese Medicines, their chemical profile study has been a great challenge. 28965048 2 13 theme high 561:564 arg1 chromatography 585:598 an ultra high performance liquid chromatography 552:598 an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 552:672 In the present work, a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection was developed by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 3 14 theme orderly 789:795 arg1 way 797:799 an orderly way 786:799 an orderly way 786:799 This strategy was characterized by the design of C21 steroidal skeleton, substituent group and glycan chain in an orderly way, which could quickly and efficiently screen the interested precursor ions. 28965048 0 15 theme hybrid 209:214 arg1 spectrometry 241:252 high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 193:252 high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 193:252 A homologues prediction strategy for comprehensive screening and characterization of C21 steroids from Xiao-ai-ping injection by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 1 16 theme Chinese 318:324 arg1 Medicines 326:334 Traditional Chinese Medicines 306:334 Traditional Chinese Medicines 306:334 Because of the complicated chemical composition of Traditional Chinese Medicines, their chemical profile study has been a great challenge. 28965048 2 17 theme ultra 555:559 arg1 chromatography 585:598 an ultra high performance liquid chromatography 552:598 an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 552:672 In the present work, a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection was developed by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 0 18 from screening 51:59 arg1 injection 116:124 Xiao-ai-ping injection 103:124 Xiao-ai-ping injection 103:124 A homologues prediction strategy for comprehensive screening and characterization of C21 steroids from Xiao-ai-ping injection by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 2 19 theme prediction 428:437 arg1 strategy 439:446 a homologues prediction strategy 415:446 a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection 415:527 In the present work, a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection was developed by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 3 20 from chain 777:781 arg1 way 797:799 an orderly way 786:799 an orderly way 786:799 This strategy was characterized by the design of C21 steroidal skeleton, substituent group and glycan chain in an orderly way, which could quickly and efficiently screen the interested precursor ions. 28965048 2 21 from injection 519:527 arg1 identification 472:485 identification 472:485 identification 472:485 In the present work, a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection was developed by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 2 21 from injection 519:527 arg1 screening 458:466 screening 458:466 screening 458:466 In the present work, a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection was developed by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 0 22 theme mass 236:239 arg1 spectrometry 241:252 high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 193:252 high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 193:252 A homologues prediction strategy for comprehensive screening and characterization of C21 steroids from Xiao-ai-ping injection by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 4 23 theme potential 928:936 arg1 ones 942:945 47 potential new ones 925:945 47 potential new ones 925:945 As a result, a total of 95C21 steroids including 47 potential new ones were identified or tentatively identified, which greatly expanded our knowledge of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection. 28965048 5 24 theme Chinese 1296:1302 arg1 Medicines 1304:1312 Traditional Chinese Medicines 1284:1312 Traditional Chinese Medicines 1284:1312 The results indicated that the homologues prediction strategy not only provided an efficient technique to screen and identify target constituents, but also offered a new perspective for discovery new components in Traditional Chinese Medicines. 28965048 2 25 theme homologues 417:426 arg1 strategy 439:446 a homologues prediction strategy 415:446 a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection 415:527 In the present work, a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection was developed by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 2 26 theme C21 490:492 arg1 steroids 494:501 C21 steroids 490:501 C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection 490:527 In the present work, a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection was developed by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 4 27 theme C21 1030:1032 arg1 steroids 1034:1041 C21 steroids 1030:1041 C21 steroids 1030:1041 As a result, a total of 95C21 steroids including 47 potential new ones were identified or tentatively identified, which greatly expanded our knowledge of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection. 28965048 4 28 theme 95C21 900:904 arg1 ones 942:945 47 potential new ones 925:945 47 potential new ones 925:945 As a result, a total of 95C21 steroids including 47 potential new ones were identified or tentatively identified, which greatly expanded our knowledge of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection. 28965048 4 28 theme 95C21 900:904 arg1 steroids 906:913 95C21 steroids 900:913 95C21 steroids including 47 potential new ones 900:945 As a result, a total of 95C21 steroids including 47 potential new ones were identified or tentatively identified, which greatly expanded our knowledge of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection. 28965048 2 29 theme hybrid 629:634 arg1 spectrometry 661:672 high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 613:672 high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 613:672 In the present work, a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection was developed by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 5 30 theme efficient 1153:1161 arg1 technique 1163:1171 an efficient technique 1150:1171 an efficient technique 1150:1171 The results indicated that the homologues prediction strategy not only provided an efficient technique to screen and identify target constituents, but also offered a new perspective for discovery new components in Traditional Chinese Medicines. 28965048 0 31 theme A 0:0 arg1 homologues 2:11 A homologues 0:11 A homologues 0:11 A homologues prediction strategy for comprehensive screening and characterization of C21 steroids from Xiao-ai-ping injection by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 1 32 theme Medicines 326:334 arg1 composition 291:301 the complicated chemical composition 266:301 the complicated chemical composition of Traditional Chinese Medicines 266:334 Because of the complicated chemical composition of Traditional Chinese Medicines, their chemical profile study has been a great challenge. 28965048 3 33 from group 760:764 arg1 way 797:799 an orderly way 786:799 an orderly way 786:799 This strategy was characterized by the design of C21 steroidal skeleton, substituent group and glycan chain in an orderly way, which could quickly and efficiently screen the interested precursor ions. 28965048 4 34 theme steroids 906:913 arg1 result 881:886 a result 879:886 a result 879:886 As a result, a total of 95C21 steroids including 47 potential new ones were identified or tentatively identified, which greatly expanded our knowledge of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection. 28965048 4 34 theme steroids 906:913 arg1 total 891:895 a total 889:895 a total of 95C21 steroids including 47 potential new ones 889:945 As a result, a total of 95C21 steroids including 47 potential new ones were identified or tentatively identified, which greatly expanded our knowledge of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection. 28965048 5 35 theme new 1236:1238 arg1 perspective 1240:1250 a new perspective 1234:1250 a new perspective for discovery new components in Traditional Chinese Medicines 1234:1312 The results indicated that the homologues prediction strategy not only provided an efficient technique to screen and identify target constituents, but also offered a new perspective for discovery new components in Traditional Chinese Medicines. 28965048 0 36 theme ultra 135:139 arg1 chromatography 165:178 ultra high performance liquid chromatography 135:178 ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 135:252 A homologues prediction strategy for comprehensive screening and characterization of C21 steroids from Xiao-ai-ping injection by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 4 37 theme Xiao-ai-ping 1046:1057 arg1 injection 1059:1067 Xiao-ai-ping injection 1046:1067 Xiao-ai-ping injection 1046:1067 As a result, a total of 95C21 steroids including 47 potential new ones were identified or tentatively identified, which greatly expanded our knowledge of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection. 28965048 4 38 theme steroids 1034:1041 arg1 knowledge 1017:1025 our knowledge 1013:1025 our knowledge of C21 steroids 1013:1041 As a result, a total of 95C21 steroids including 47 potential new ones were identified or tentatively identified, which greatly expanded our knowledge of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection. 28965048 2 39 from steroids 494:501 arg1 injection 519:527 Xiao-ai-ping injection 506:527 Xiao-ai-ping injection 506:527 In the present work, a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection was developed by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 2 40 theme rapid 452:456 arg1 screening 458:466 screening 458:466 screening 458:466 In the present work, a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection was developed by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 0 41 theme comprehensive 37:49 arg1 screening 51:59 screening 51:59 screening 51:59 A homologues prediction strategy for comprehensive screening and characterization of C21 steroids from Xiao-ai-ping injection by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 1 42 theme chemical 343:350 arg1 profile 352:358 their chemical profile 337:358 their chemical profile study 337:364 Because of the complicated chemical composition of Traditional Chinese Medicines, their chemical profile study has been a great challenge. 28965048 0 43 theme performance 146:156 arg1 chromatography 165:178 ultra high performance liquid chromatography 135:178 ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 135:252 A homologues prediction strategy for comprehensive screening and characterization of C21 steroids from Xiao-ai-ping injection by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 3 44 theme C21 724:726 arg1 skeleton 738:745 C21 steroidal skeleton 724:745 C21 steroidal skeleton 724:745 This strategy was characterized by the design of C21 steroidal skeleton, substituent group and glycan chain in an orderly way, which could quickly and efficiently screen the interested precursor ions. 28965048 3 44 theme C21 724:726 arg1 group 760:764 substituent group 748:764 substituent group 748:764 This strategy was characterized by the design of C21 steroidal skeleton, substituent group and glycan chain in an orderly way, which could quickly and efficiently screen the interested precursor ions. 28965048 3 44 theme C21 724:726 arg1 chain 777:781 glycan chain 770:781 glycan chain 770:781 This strategy was characterized by the design of C21 steroidal skeleton, substituent group and glycan chain in an orderly way, which could quickly and efficiently screen the interested precursor ions. 28965048 5 45 from components 1270:1279 arg1 Medicines 1304:1312 Traditional Chinese Medicines 1284:1312 Traditional Chinese Medicines 1284:1312 The results indicated that the homologues prediction strategy not only provided an efficient technique to screen and identify target constituents, but also offered a new perspective for discovery new components in Traditional Chinese Medicines. 28965048 2 46 theme Xiao-ai-ping 506:517 arg1 injection 519:527 Xiao-ai-ping injection 506:527 Xiao-ai-ping injection 506:527 In the present work, a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection was developed by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 1 47 theme profile 352:358 arg1 challenge 383:391 a great challenge 375:391 a great challenge 375:391 Because of the complicated chemical composition of Traditional Chinese Medicines, their chemical profile study has been a great challenge. 28965048 1 47 theme profile 352:358 arg1 study 360:364 their chemical profile study 337:364 their chemical profile study 337:364 Because of the complicated chemical composition of Traditional Chinese Medicines, their chemical profile study has been a great challenge. 28965048 0 48 theme high 141:144 arg1 chromatography 165:178 ultra high performance liquid chromatography 135:178 ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 135:252 A homologues prediction strategy for comprehensive screening and characterization of C21 steroids from Xiao-ai-ping injection by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 3 49 theme interested 849:858 arg1 ions 870:873 the interested precursor ions 845:873 the interested precursor ions 845:873 This strategy was characterized by the design of C21 steroidal skeleton, substituent group and glycan chain in an orderly way, which could quickly and efficiently screen the interested precursor ions. 28965048 2 50 theme liquid 578:583 arg1 chromatography 585:598 an ultra high performance liquid chromatography 552:598 an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 552:672 In the present work, a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection was developed by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 2 51 theme performance 566:576 arg1 chromatography 585:598 an ultra high performance liquid chromatography 552:598 an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 552:672 In the present work, a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection was developed by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 2 52 theme quadrupole-orbitrap 636:654 arg1 spectrometry 661:672 high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 613:672 high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 613:672 In the present work, a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection was developed by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 0 53 from characterization 65:80 arg1 injection 116:124 Xiao-ai-ping injection 103:124 Xiao-ai-ping injection 103:124 A homologues prediction strategy for comprehensive screening and characterization of C21 steroids from Xiao-ai-ping injection by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 2 54 theme steroids 494:501 arg1 identification 472:485 identification 472:485 identification 472:485 In the present work, a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection was developed by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 2 54 theme steroids 494:501 arg1 screening 458:466 screening 458:466 screening 458:466 In the present work, a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection was developed by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 0 55 theme liquid 158:163 arg1 chromatography 165:178 ultra high performance liquid chromatography 135:178 ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 135:252 A homologues prediction strategy for comprehensive screening and characterization of C21 steroids from Xiao-ai-ping injection by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 3 56 theme substituent 748:758 arg1 skeleton 738:745 C21 steroidal skeleton 724:745 C21 steroidal skeleton 724:745 This strategy was characterized by the design of C21 steroidal skeleton, substituent group and glycan chain in an orderly way, which could quickly and efficiently screen the interested precursor ions. 28965048 3 56 theme substituent 748:758 arg1 group 760:764 substituent group 748:764 substituent group 748:764 This strategy was characterized by the design of C21 steroidal skeleton, substituent group and glycan chain in an orderly way, which could quickly and efficiently screen the interested precursor ions. 28965048 3 57 theme glycan 770:775 arg1 skeleton 738:745 C21 steroidal skeleton 724:745 C21 steroidal skeleton 724:745 This strategy was characterized by the design of C21 steroidal skeleton, substituent group and glycan chain in an orderly way, which could quickly and efficiently screen the interested precursor ions. 28965048 3 57 theme glycan 770:775 arg1 chain 777:781 glycan chain 770:781 glycan chain 770:781 This strategy was characterized by the design of C21 steroidal skeleton, substituent group and glycan chain in an orderly way, which could quickly and efficiently screen the interested precursor ions. 28965048 2 58 theme resolution 618:627 arg1 spectrometry 661:672 high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 613:672 high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 613:672 In the present work, a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection was developed by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 0 59 from injection 116:124 arg1 characterization 65:80 characterization 65:80 characterization 65:80 A homologues prediction strategy for comprehensive screening and characterization of C21 steroids from Xiao-ai-ping injection by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 0 59 from injection 116:124 arg1 steroids 89:96 C21 steroids 85:96 C21 steroids from Xiao-ai-ping injection 85:124 A homologues prediction strategy for comprehensive screening and characterization of C21 steroids from Xiao-ai-ping injection by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 0 59 from injection 116:124 arg1 screening 51:59 screening 51:59 screening 51:59 A homologues prediction strategy for comprehensive screening and characterization of C21 steroids from Xiao-ai-ping injection by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 5 60 theme Traditional 1284:1294 arg1 Medicines 1304:1312 Traditional Chinese Medicines 1284:1312 Traditional Chinese Medicines 1284:1312 The results indicated that the homologues prediction strategy not only provided an efficient technique to screen and identify target constituents, but also offered a new perspective for discovery new components in Traditional Chinese Medicines. 28965048 2 61 theme high 613:616 arg1 spectrometry 661:672 high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 613:672 high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry 613:672 In the present work, a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection was developed by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 3 62 theme steroidal 728:736 arg1 skeleton 738:745 C21 steroidal skeleton 724:745 C21 steroidal skeleton 724:745 This strategy was characterized by the design of C21 steroidal skeleton, substituent group and glycan chain in an orderly way, which could quickly and efficiently screen the interested precursor ions. 28965048 3 62 theme steroidal 728:736 arg1 group 760:764 substituent group 748:764 substituent group 748:764 This strategy was characterized by the design of C21 steroidal skeleton, substituent group and glycan chain in an orderly way, which could quickly and efficiently screen the interested precursor ions. 28965048 3 62 theme steroidal 728:736 arg1 chain 777:781 glycan chain 770:781 glycan chain 770:781 This strategy was characterized by the design of C21 steroidal skeleton, substituent group and glycan chain in an orderly way, which could quickly and efficiently screen the interested precursor ions. 28965048 5 63 theme discovery 1256:1264 arg1 components 1270:1279 discovery new components 1256:1279 discovery new components in Traditional Chinese Medicines 1256:1312 The results indicated that the homologues prediction strategy not only provided an efficient technique to screen and identify target constituents, but also offered a new perspective for discovery new components in Traditional Chinese Medicines. 28965048 5 64 theme prediction 1112:1121 arg1 strategy 1123:1130 the homologues prediction strategy 1097:1130 the homologues prediction strategy 1097:1130 The results indicated that the homologues prediction strategy not only provided an efficient technique to screen and identify target constituents, but also offered a new perspective for discovery new components in Traditional Chinese Medicines. 28965048 3 65 theme skeleton 738:745 arg1 design 714:719 the design 710:719 the design of C21 steroidal skeleton, substituent group and glycan chain in an orderly way, which could quickly and efficiently screen the interested precursor ions 710:873 This strategy was characterized by the design of C21 steroidal skeleton, substituent group and glycan chain in an orderly way, which could quickly and efficiently screen the interested precursor ions. 28965048 4 66 theme new 938:940 arg1 ones 942:945 47 potential new ones 925:945 47 potential new ones 925:945 As a result, a total of 95C21 steroids including 47 potential new ones were identified or tentatively identified, which greatly expanded our knowledge of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection. 28965048 1 67 theme complicated 270:280 arg1 composition 291:301 the complicated chemical composition 266:301 the complicated chemical composition of Traditional Chinese Medicines 266:334 Because of the complicated chemical composition of Traditional Chinese Medicines, their chemical profile study has been a great challenge. 28965048 2 68 from identification 472:485 arg1 injection 519:527 Xiao-ai-ping injection 506:527 Xiao-ai-ping injection 506:527 In the present work, a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection was developed by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 3 69 theme precursor 860:868 arg1 ions 870:873 the interested precursor ions 845:873 the interested precursor ions 845:873 This strategy was characterized by the design of C21 steroidal skeleton, substituent group and glycan chain in an orderly way, which could quickly and efficiently screen the interested precursor ions. 28965048 2 70 from screening 458:466 arg1 injection 519:527 Xiao-ai-ping injection 506:527 Xiao-ai-ping injection 506:527 In the present work, a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection was developed by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 2 71 theme present 401:407 arg1 work 409:412 the present work 397:412 the present work 397:412 In the present work, a homologues prediction strategy for rapid screening and identification of C21 steroids in Xiao-ai-ping injection was developed by using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. 28965048 1 72 theme chemical 282:289 arg1 composition 291:301 the complicated chemical composition 266:301 the complicated chemical composition of Traditional Chinese Medicines 266:334 Because of the complicated chemical composition of Traditional Chinese Medicines, their chemical profile study has been a great challenge. 24243971 2 0 theme glycan 455:460 arg1 variable 476:483 variable 476:483 variable 476:483 Because antibody titer or isotype does not strictly correlate with disease severity, we investigated by mass spectrometry variations in the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc because the composition of this glycan can be highly variable, affecting binding to phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). 24243971 2 0 theme glycan 455:460 arg1 composition 435:445 the composition 431:445 the composition of this glycan 431:460 Because antibody titer or isotype does not strictly correlate with disease severity, we investigated by mass spectrometry variations in the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc because the composition of this glycan can be highly variable, affecting binding to phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). 24243971 0 1 from lack 12:15 arg1 pregnancy 71:79 pregnancy 71:79 pregnancy 71:79 A prominent lack of IgG1-Fc fucosylation of platelet alloantibodies in pregnancy. 24243971 1 2 theme platelet 143:150 arg1 HPAs 162:165 HPAs 162:165 HPAs 162:165 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) formed during pregnancy against human platelet antigens (HPAs) of the fetus mediates fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). 24243971 1 2 theme platelet 143:150 arg1 antigens 152:159 human platelet antigens 137:159 human platelet antigens (HPAs) 137:166 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) formed during pregnancy against human platelet antigens (HPAs) of the fetus mediates fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). 24243971 5 3 theme FcγRIIIa 1066:1073 arg1 monocytes 1078:1086 FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes 1066:1086 FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes 1066:1086 Consequently, these antibodies with a low amount of Fc fucose showed enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes. 24243971 6 4 theme clinical 1229:1236 arg1 severity 1246:1253 the clinical disease severity 1225:1253 the clinical disease severity 1225:1253 In addition, the degree of anti-HPA-1a fucosylation correlated positively with the neonatal platelet counts in FNAIT, and negatively to the clinical disease severity. 24243971 7 5 theme FNAIT 1275:1279 arg1 patients 1281:1288 the FNAIT patients 1271:1288 the FNAIT patients 1271:1288 In contrast to the FNAIT patients, no changes in core fucosylation were observed for anti-HLA antibodies in refractory thrombocytopenia (post platelet transfusion), indicating that the level of fucosylation may be antigen dependent and/or related to the immune milieu defined by pregnancy. 24243971 7 6 located observed 1328:1335 arg2 changes 1294:1300 no changes 1291:1300 no changes in core fucosylation 1291:1321 In contrast to the FNAIT patients, no changes in core fucosylation were observed for anti-HLA antibodies in refractory thrombocytopenia (post platelet transfusion), indicating that the level of fucosylation may be antigen dependent and/or related to the immune milieu defined by pregnancy. 24243971 7 6 located observed 1328:1335 arg1 thrombocytopenia 1375:1390 refractory thrombocytopenia 1364:1390 refractory thrombocytopenia (post platelet transfusion) 1364:1418 In contrast to the FNAIT patients, no changes in core fucosylation were observed for anti-HLA antibodies in refractory thrombocytopenia (post platelet transfusion), indicating that the level of fucosylation may be antigen dependent and/or related to the immune milieu defined by pregnancy. 24243971 6 7 theme anti-HPA-1a 1116:1126 arg1 fucosylation 1128:1139 anti-HPA-1a fucosylation 1116:1139 anti-HPA-1a fucosylation 1116:1139 In addition, the degree of anti-HPA-1a fucosylation correlated positively with the neonatal platelet counts in FNAIT, and negatively to the clinical disease severity. 24243971 7 8 theme platelet 1398:1405 arg1 transfusion 1407:1417 platelet transfusion 1398:1417 platelet transfusion 1398:1417 In contrast to the FNAIT patients, no changes in core fucosylation were observed for anti-HLA antibodies in refractory thrombocytopenia (post platelet transfusion), indicating that the level of fucosylation may be antigen dependent and/or related to the immune milieu defined by pregnancy. 24243971 4 9 theme Fc 852:853 arg1 fucose 855:860 Fc fucose 852:860 Fc fucose 852:860 Antibodies with a low amount of fucose displayed higher binding affinity to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb, but not to FcγRIIa, compared with antibodies with a high amount of Fc fucose. 24243971 3 10 theme core 580:583 arg1 fucosylation 585:596 core fucosylation 580:596 core fucosylation of anti-HPA-1a-specific IgG1 580:625 We found markedly decreased levels of core fucosylation of anti-HPA-1a-specific IgG1 from FNAIT patients (n = 48), but not in total serum IgG1. 24243971 6 11 theme fucosylation 1128:1139 arg1 degree 1106:1111 the degree 1102:1111 the degree of anti-HPA-1a fucosylation 1102:1139 In addition, the degree of anti-HPA-1a fucosylation correlated positively with the neonatal platelet counts in FNAIT, and negatively to the clinical disease severity. 24243971 7 12 theme core 1305:1308 arg1 fucosylation 1310:1321 core fucosylation 1305:1321 core fucosylation 1305:1321 In contrast to the FNAIT patients, no changes in core fucosylation were observed for anti-HLA antibodies in refractory thrombocytopenia (post platelet transfusion), indicating that the level of fucosylation may be antigen dependent and/or related to the immune milieu defined by pregnancy. 24243971 2 13 gly glycosylation 385:397 arg2 Asn297 402:407 Asn297 402:407 Asn297 402:407 Because antibody titer or isotype does not strictly correlate with disease severity, we investigated by mass spectrometry variations in the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc because the composition of this glycan can be highly variable, affecting binding to phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). 24243971 2 13 gly glycosylation 385:397 arg1 Fc 420:421 the IgG Fc 412:421 the IgG Fc 412:421 Because antibody titer or isotype does not strictly correlate with disease severity, we investigated by mass spectrometry variations in the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc because the composition of this glycan can be highly variable, affecting binding to phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). 24243971 2 13 gly glycosylation 385:397 arg1 Asn297 402:407 Asn297 402:407 Asn297 402:407 Because antibody titer or isotype does not strictly correlate with disease severity, we investigated by mass spectrometry variations in the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc because the composition of this glycan can be highly variable, affecting binding to phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). 24243971 5 14 theme FcγRIIIb 973:980 arg1 cells 1003:1007 FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells 973:1007 FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells 973:1007 Consequently, these antibodies with a low amount of Fc fucose showed enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes. 24243971 5 14 theme FcγRIIIb 973:980 arg1 monocytes 1024:1032 FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes 1012:1032 FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes 1012:1032 Consequently, these antibodies with a low amount of Fc fucose showed enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes. 24243971 5 14 theme FcγRIIIb 973:980 arg1 cells 1046:1050 effector cells 1037:1050 effector cells 1037:1050 Consequently, these antibodies with a low amount of Fc fucose showed enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes. 24243971 3 15 gly fucosylation 585:596 arg1 IgG1 622:625 anti-HPA-1a-specific IgG1 601:625 anti-HPA-1a-specific IgG1 601:625 We found markedly decreased levels of core fucosylation of anti-HPA-1a-specific IgG1 from FNAIT patients (n = 48), but not in total serum IgG1. 24243971 5 16 theme polymorphonuclear 985:1001 arg1 cells 1003:1007 FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells 973:1007 FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells 973:1007 Consequently, these antibodies with a low amount of Fc fucose showed enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes. 24243971 5 16 theme polymorphonuclear 985:1001 arg1 monocytes 1024:1032 FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes 1012:1032 FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes 1012:1032 Consequently, these antibodies with a low amount of Fc fucose showed enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes. 24243971 5 16 theme polymorphonuclear 985:1001 arg1 cells 1046:1050 effector cells 1037:1050 effector cells 1037:1050 Consequently, these antibodies with a low amount of Fc fucose showed enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes. 24243971 5 17 with antibodies 883:892 arg1 amount 905:910 a low amount 899:910 a low amount of Fc fucose 899:923 Consequently, these antibodies with a low amount of Fc fucose showed enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes. 24243971 5 17 with antibodies 883:892 arg1 fucose 918:923 Fc fucose 915:923 Fc fucose 915:923 Consequently, these antibodies with a low amount of Fc fucose showed enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes. 24243971 2 18 theme antibody 253:260 arg1 titer 262:266 antibody titer 253:266 antibody titer 253:266 Because antibody titer or isotype does not strictly correlate with disease severity, we investigated by mass spectrometry variations in the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc because the composition of this glycan can be highly variable, affecting binding to phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). 24243971 6 19 theme disease 1238:1244 arg1 severity 1246:1253 the clinical disease severity 1225:1253 the clinical disease severity 1225:1253 In addition, the degree of anti-HPA-1a fucosylation correlated positively with the neonatal platelet counts in FNAIT, and negatively to the clinical disease severity. 24243971 4 20 theme fucose 855:860 arg1 fucose 855:860 Fc fucose 852:860 Fc fucose 852:860 Antibodies with a low amount of fucose displayed higher binding affinity to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb, but not to FcγRIIa, compared with antibodies with a high amount of Fc fucose. 24243971 4 20 theme fucose 855:860 arg1 amount 842:847 a high amount 835:847 a high amount of Fc fucose 835:860 Antibodies with a low amount of fucose displayed higher binding affinity to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb, but not to FcγRIIa, compared with antibodies with a high amount of Fc fucose. 24243971 7 21 theme fucosylation 1450:1461 arg1 level 1441:1445 the level 1437:1445 the level of fucosylation 1437:1461 In contrast to the FNAIT patients, no changes in core fucosylation were observed for anti-HLA antibodies in refractory thrombocytopenia (post platelet transfusion), indicating that the level of fucosylation may be antigen dependent and/or related to the immune milieu defined by pregnancy. 24243971 7 21 theme fucosylation 1450:1461 arg1 dependent 1478:1486 dependent 1478:1486 dependent 1478:1486 In contrast to the FNAIT patients, no changes in core fucosylation were observed for anti-HLA antibodies in refractory thrombocytopenia (post platelet transfusion), indicating that the level of fucosylation may be antigen dependent and/or related to the immune milieu defined by pregnancy. 24243971 0 22 theme prominent 2:10 arg1 lack 12:15 A prominent lack 0:15 A prominent lack of IgG1-Fc fucosylation of platelet alloantibodies in pregnancy 0:79 A prominent lack of IgG1-Fc fucosylation of platelet alloantibodies in pregnancy. 24243971 4 23 with Antibodies 686:695 arg1 fucose 718:723 fucose 718:723 fucose 718:723 Antibodies with a low amount of fucose displayed higher binding affinity to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb, but not to FcγRIIa, compared with antibodies with a high amount of Fc fucose. 24243971 4 23 with Antibodies 686:695 arg1 amount 708:713 a low amount 702:713 a low amount of fucose 702:723 Antibodies with a low amount of fucose displayed higher binding affinity to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb, but not to FcγRIIa, compared with antibodies with a high amount of Fc fucose. 24243971 1 24 theme Immunoglobulin 82:95 arg1 G 97:97 Immunoglobulin G 82:97 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) formed during pregnancy against human platelet antigens (HPAs) of the fetus 82:179 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) formed during pregnancy against human platelet antigens (HPAs) of the fetus mediates fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). 24243971 1 24 theme Immunoglobulin 82:95 arg1 IgG 100:102 IgG 100:102 IgG 100:102 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) formed during pregnancy against human platelet antigens (HPAs) of the fetus mediates fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). 24243971 2 25 theme spectrometry 354:365 arg1 variations 367:376 mass spectrometry variations 349:376 mass spectrometry variations in the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc 349:421 Because antibody titer or isotype does not strictly correlate with disease severity, we investigated by mass spectrometry variations in the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc because the composition of this glycan can be highly variable, affecting binding to phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). 24243971 2 26 theme IgG 416:418 arg1 Fc 420:421 the IgG Fc 412:421 the IgG Fc 412:421 Because antibody titer or isotype does not strictly correlate with disease severity, we investigated by mass spectrometry variations in the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc because the composition of this glycan can be highly variable, affecting binding to phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). 24243971 5 27 theme platelets 957:965 arg1 phagocytosis 941:952 enhanced phagocytosis 932:952 enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes 932:1086 Consequently, these antibodies with a low amount of Fc fucose showed enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes. 24243971 7 28 theme anti-HLA 1341:1348 arg1 antibodies 1350:1359 anti-HLA antibodies 1341:1359 anti-HLA antibodies 1341:1359 In contrast to the FNAIT patients, no changes in core fucosylation were observed for anti-HLA antibodies in refractory thrombocytopenia (post platelet transfusion), indicating that the level of fucosylation may be antigen dependent and/or related to the immune milieu defined by pregnancy. 24243971 7 29 theme refractory 1364:1373 arg1 thrombocytopenia 1375:1390 refractory thrombocytopenia 1364:1390 refractory thrombocytopenia (post platelet transfusion) 1364:1418 In contrast to the FNAIT patients, no changes in core fucosylation were observed for anti-HLA antibodies in refractory thrombocytopenia (post platelet transfusion), indicating that the level of fucosylation may be antigen dependent and/or related to the immune milieu defined by pregnancy. 24243971 4 30 with antibodies 819:828 arg1 fucose 855:860 Fc fucose 852:860 Fc fucose 852:860 Antibodies with a low amount of fucose displayed higher binding affinity to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb, but not to FcγRIIa, compared with antibodies with a high amount of Fc fucose. 24243971 4 30 with antibodies 819:828 arg1 amount 842:847 a high amount 835:847 a high amount of Fc fucose 835:860 Antibodies with a low amount of fucose displayed higher binding affinity to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb, but not to FcγRIIa, compared with antibodies with a high amount of Fc fucose. 24243971 2 31 theme mass 349:352 arg1 spectrometry 354:365 mass spectrometry 349:365 mass spectrometry variations in the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc 349:421 Because antibody titer or isotype does not strictly correlate with disease severity, we investigated by mass spectrometry variations in the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc because the composition of this glycan can be highly variable, affecting binding to phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). 24243971 5 32 theme low 901:903 arg1 amount 905:910 a low amount 899:910 a low amount of Fc fucose 899:923 Consequently, these antibodies with a low amount of Fc fucose showed enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes. 24243971 5 32 theme low 901:903 arg1 fucose 918:923 Fc fucose 915:923 Fc fucose 915:923 Consequently, these antibodies with a low amount of Fc fucose showed enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes. 24243971 2 33 theme IgG-Fc 517:522 arg1 FcγR 535:538 FcγR 535:538 FcγR 535:538 Because antibody titer or isotype does not strictly correlate with disease severity, we investigated by mass spectrometry variations in the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc because the composition of this glycan can be highly variable, affecting binding to phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). 24243971 2 33 theme IgG-Fc 517:522 arg1 receptors 524:532 phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors 507:532 phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR) 507:539 Because antibody titer or isotype does not strictly correlate with disease severity, we investigated by mass spectrometry variations in the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc because the composition of this glycan can be highly variable, affecting binding to phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). 24243971 3 34 theme total 668:672 arg1 IgG1 680:683 total serum IgG1 668:683 total serum IgG1 668:683 We found markedly decreased levels of core fucosylation of anti-HPA-1a-specific IgG1 from FNAIT patients (n = 48), but not in total serum IgG1. 24243971 2 35 theme phagocyte 507:515 arg1 FcγR 535:538 FcγR 535:538 FcγR 535:538 Because antibody titer or isotype does not strictly correlate with disease severity, we investigated by mass spectrometry variations in the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc because the composition of this glycan can be highly variable, affecting binding to phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). 24243971 2 35 theme phagocyte 507:515 arg1 receptors 524:532 phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors 507:532 phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR) 507:539 Because antibody titer or isotype does not strictly correlate with disease severity, we investigated by mass spectrometry variations in the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc because the composition of this glycan can be highly variable, affecting binding to phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). 24243971 3 36 theme anti-HPA-1a-specific 601:620 arg1 IgG1 622:625 anti-HPA-1a-specific IgG1 601:625 anti-HPA-1a-specific IgG1 601:625 We found markedly decreased levels of core fucosylation of anti-HPA-1a-specific IgG1 from FNAIT patients (n = 48), but not in total serum IgG1. 24243971 7 37 theme immune 1510:1515 arg1 milieu 1517:1522 the immune milieu 1506:1522 the immune milieu defined by pregnancy 1506:1543 In contrast to the FNAIT patients, no changes in core fucosylation were observed for anti-HLA antibodies in refractory thrombocytopenia (post platelet transfusion), indicating that the level of fucosylation may be antigen dependent and/or related to the immune milieu defined by pregnancy. 24243971 1 38 theme fetus 175:179 arg1 G 97:97 Immunoglobulin G 82:97 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) formed during pregnancy against human platelet antigens (HPAs) of the fetus 82:179 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) formed during pregnancy against human platelet antigens (HPAs) of the fetus mediates fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). 24243971 1 38 theme fetus 175:179 arg1 IgG 100:102 IgG 100:102 IgG 100:102 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) formed during pregnancy against human platelet antigens (HPAs) of the fetus mediates fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). 24243971 0 39 theme fucosylation 28:39 arg1 lack 12:15 A prominent lack 0:15 A prominent lack of IgG1-Fc fucosylation of platelet alloantibodies in pregnancy 0:79 A prominent lack of IgG1-Fc fucosylation of platelet alloantibodies in pregnancy. 24243971 3 40 theme serum 674:678 arg1 IgG1 680:683 total serum IgG1 668:683 total serum IgG1 668:683 We found markedly decreased levels of core fucosylation of anti-HPA-1a-specific IgG1 from FNAIT patients (n = 48), but not in total serum IgG1. 24243971 3 41 theme IgG1 622:625 arg1 fucosylation 585:596 core fucosylation 580:596 core fucosylation of anti-HPA-1a-specific IgG1 580:625 We found markedly decreased levels of core fucosylation of anti-HPA-1a-specific IgG1 from FNAIT patients (n = 48), but not in total serum IgG1. 24243971 4 42 theme binding 742:748 arg1 affinity 750:757 higher binding affinity 735:757 higher binding affinity 735:757 Antibodies with a low amount of fucose displayed higher binding affinity to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb, but not to FcγRIIa, compared with antibodies with a high amount of Fc fucose. 24243971 0 43 theme IgG1-Fc 20:26 arg1 fucosylation 28:39 IgG1-Fc fucosylation 20:39 IgG1-Fc fucosylation of platelet alloantibodies 20:66 A prominent lack of IgG1-Fc fucosylation of platelet alloantibodies in pregnancy. 24243971 4 44 theme high 837:840 arg1 fucose 855:860 Fc fucose 852:860 Fc fucose 852:860 Antibodies with a low amount of fucose displayed higher binding affinity to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb, but not to FcγRIIa, compared with antibodies with a high amount of Fc fucose. 24243971 4 44 theme high 837:840 arg1 amount 842:847 a high amount 835:847 a high amount of Fc fucose 835:860 Antibodies with a low amount of fucose displayed higher binding affinity to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb, but not to FcγRIIa, compared with antibodies with a high amount of Fc fucose. 24243971 3 45 theme fucosylation 585:596 arg1 levels 570:575 markedly decreased levels 551:575 markedly decreased levels of core fucosylation of anti-HPA-1a-specific IgG1 551:625 We found markedly decreased levels of core fucosylation of anti-HPA-1a-specific IgG1 from FNAIT patients (n = 48), but not in total serum IgG1. 24243971 4 46 theme higher 735:740 arg1 affinity 750:757 higher binding affinity 735:757 higher binding affinity 735:757 Antibodies with a low amount of fucose displayed higher binding affinity to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb, but not to FcγRIIa, compared with antibodies with a high amount of Fc fucose. 24243971 1 47 theme fetal 190:194 arg1 FNAIT 237:241 FNAIT 237:241 FNAIT 237:241 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) formed during pregnancy against human platelet antigens (HPAs) of the fetus mediates fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). 24243971 1 47 theme fetal 190:194 arg1 thrombocytopenia 219:234 fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia 190:234 fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) 190:242 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) formed during pregnancy against human platelet antigens (HPAs) of the fetus mediates fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). 24243971 0 48 theme platelet 44:51 arg1 alloantibodies 53:66 platelet alloantibodies 44:66 platelet alloantibodies 44:66 A prominent lack of IgG1-Fc fucosylation of platelet alloantibodies in pregnancy. 24243971 6 49 theme platelet 1181:1188 arg1 counts 1190:1195 the neonatal platelet counts 1168:1195 the neonatal platelet counts in FNAIT 1168:1204 In addition, the degree of anti-HPA-1a fucosylation correlated positively with the neonatal platelet counts in FNAIT, and negatively to the clinical disease severity. 24243971 6 50 from counts 1190:1195 arg1 FNAIT 1200:1204 FNAIT 1200:1204 FNAIT 1200:1204 In addition, the degree of anti-HPA-1a fucosylation correlated positively with the neonatal platelet counts in FNAIT, and negatively to the clinical disease severity. 24243971 5 51 theme fucose 918:923 arg1 amount 905:910 a low amount 899:910 a low amount of Fc fucose 899:923 Consequently, these antibodies with a low amount of Fc fucose showed enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes. 24243971 5 51 theme fucose 918:923 arg1 fucose 918:923 Fc fucose 915:923 Fc fucose 915:923 Consequently, these antibodies with a low amount of Fc fucose showed enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes. 24243971 3 52 theme = 650:650 arg1 n 648:648 n = 48 648:653 n = 48 648:653 We found markedly decreased levels of core fucosylation of anti-HPA-1a-specific IgG1 from FNAIT patients (n = 48), but not in total serum IgG1. 24243971 3 52 theme = 650:650 arg1 patients 638:645 FNAIT patients 632:645 FNAIT patients (n = 48) 632:654 We found markedly decreased levels of core fucosylation of anti-HPA-1a-specific IgG1 from FNAIT patients (n = 48), but not in total serum IgG1. 24243971 5 53 theme effector 1037:1044 arg1 cells 1003:1007 FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells 973:1007 FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells 973:1007 Consequently, these antibodies with a low amount of Fc fucose showed enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes. 24243971 5 53 theme effector 1037:1044 arg1 monocytes 1024:1032 FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes 1012:1032 FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes 1012:1032 Consequently, these antibodies with a low amount of Fc fucose showed enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes. 24243971 5 53 theme effector 1037:1044 arg1 cells 1046:1050 effector cells 1037:1050 effector cells 1037:1050 Consequently, these antibodies with a low amount of Fc fucose showed enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes. 24243971 6 54 theme neonatal 1172:1179 arg1 counts 1190:1195 the neonatal platelet counts 1168:1195 the neonatal platelet counts in FNAIT 1168:1204 In addition, the degree of anti-HPA-1a fucosylation correlated positively with the neonatal platelet counts in FNAIT, and negatively to the clinical disease severity. 24243971 5 55 theme enhanced 932:939 arg1 phagocytosis 941:952 enhanced phagocytosis 932:952 enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes 932:1086 Consequently, these antibodies with a low amount of Fc fucose showed enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes. 24243971 2 56 theme disease 312:318 arg1 severity 320:327 disease severity 312:327 disease severity 312:327 Because antibody titer or isotype does not strictly correlate with disease severity, we investigated by mass spectrometry variations in the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc because the composition of this glycan can be highly variable, affecting binding to phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). 24243971 7 57 from changes 1294:1300 arg1 fucosylation 1310:1321 core fucosylation 1305:1321 core fucosylation 1305:1321 In contrast to the FNAIT patients, no changes in core fucosylation were observed for anti-HLA antibodies in refractory thrombocytopenia (post platelet transfusion), indicating that the level of fucosylation may be antigen dependent and/or related to the immune milieu defined by pregnancy. 24243971 5 58 theme Fc 915:916 arg1 fucose 918:923 Fc fucose 915:923 Fc fucose 915:923 Consequently, these antibodies with a low amount of Fc fucose showed enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes. 24243971 2 59 from variations 367:376 arg1 glycosylation 385:397 the glycosylation 381:397 the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc 381:421 Because antibody titer or isotype does not strictly correlate with disease severity, we investigated by mass spectrometry variations in the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc because the composition of this glycan can be highly variable, affecting binding to phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). 24243971 2 59 from variations 367:376 arg1 Asn297 402:407 Asn297 402:407 Asn297 402:407 Because antibody titer or isotype does not strictly correlate with disease severity, we investigated by mass spectrometry variations in the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc because the composition of this glycan can be highly variable, affecting binding to phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). 24243971 4 60 theme low 704:706 arg1 fucose 718:723 fucose 718:723 fucose 718:723 Antibodies with a low amount of fucose displayed higher binding affinity to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb, but not to FcγRIIa, compared with antibodies with a high amount of Fc fucose. 24243971 4 60 theme low 704:706 arg1 amount 708:713 a low amount 702:713 a low amount of fucose 702:723 Antibodies with a low amount of fucose displayed higher binding affinity to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb, but not to FcγRIIa, compared with antibodies with a high amount of Fc fucose. 24243971 0 61 gly fucosylation 28:39 arg1 alloantibodies 53:66 platelet alloantibodies 44:66 platelet alloantibodies 44:66 A prominent lack of IgG1-Fc fucosylation of platelet alloantibodies in pregnancy. 24243971 2 62 from glycosylation 385:397 arg1 Fc 420:421 the IgG Fc 412:421 the IgG Fc 412:421 Because antibody titer or isotype does not strictly correlate with disease severity, we investigated by mass spectrometry variations in the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc because the composition of this glycan can be highly variable, affecting binding to phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). 24243971 1 63 theme neonatal 199:206 arg1 FNAIT 237:241 FNAIT 237:241 FNAIT 237:241 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) formed during pregnancy against human platelet antigens (HPAs) of the fetus mediates fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). 24243971 1 63 theme neonatal 199:206 arg1 thrombocytopenia 219:234 fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia 190:234 fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) 190:242 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) formed during pregnancy against human platelet antigens (HPAs) of the fetus mediates fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). 24243971 3 64 theme FNAIT 632:636 arg1 n 648:648 n = 48 648:653 n = 48 648:653 We found markedly decreased levels of core fucosylation of anti-HPA-1a-specific IgG1 from FNAIT patients (n = 48), but not in total serum IgG1. 24243971 3 64 theme FNAIT 632:636 arg1 patients 638:645 FNAIT patients 632:645 FNAIT patients (n = 48) 632:654 We found markedly decreased levels of core fucosylation of anti-HPA-1a-specific IgG1 from FNAIT patients (n = 48), but not in total serum IgG1. 24243971 3 65 theme decreased 560:568 arg1 levels 570:575 markedly decreased levels 551:575 markedly decreased levels of core fucosylation of anti-HPA-1a-specific IgG1 551:625 We found markedly decreased levels of core fucosylation of anti-HPA-1a-specific IgG1 from FNAIT patients (n = 48), but not in total serum IgG1. 24243971 1 66 theme alloimmune 208:217 arg1 FNAIT 237:241 FNAIT 237:241 FNAIT 237:241 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) formed during pregnancy against human platelet antigens (HPAs) of the fetus mediates fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). 24243971 1 66 theme alloimmune 208:217 arg1 thrombocytopenia 219:234 fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia 190:234 fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) 190:242 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) formed during pregnancy against human platelet antigens (HPAs) of the fetus mediates fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). 24243971 0 67 theme alloantibodies 53:66 arg1 fucosylation 28:39 IgG1-Fc fucosylation 20:39 IgG1-Fc fucosylation of platelet alloantibodies 20:66 A prominent lack of IgG1-Fc fucosylation of platelet alloantibodies in pregnancy. 24243971 5 68 theme FcγRIIIa 1012:1019 arg1 cells 1003:1007 FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells 973:1007 FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells 973:1007 Consequently, these antibodies with a low amount of Fc fucose showed enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes. 24243971 5 68 theme FcγRIIIa 1012:1019 arg1 monocytes 1024:1032 FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes 1012:1032 FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes 1012:1032 Consequently, these antibodies with a low amount of Fc fucose showed enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes. 24243971 5 68 theme FcγRIIIa 1012:1019 arg1 cells 1046:1050 effector cells 1037:1050 effector cells 1037:1050 Consequently, these antibodies with a low amount of Fc fucose showed enhanced phagocytosis of platelets using FcγRIIIb(+) polymorphonuclear cells or FcγRIIIa(+) monocytes as effector cells, but not with FcγRIIIa(-) monocytes. 24243971 4 69 theme fucose 718:723 arg1 fucose 718:723 fucose 718:723 fucose 718:723 Antibodies with a low amount of fucose displayed higher binding affinity to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb, but not to FcγRIIa, compared with antibodies with a high amount of Fc fucose. 24243971 4 69 theme fucose 718:723 arg1 amount 708:713 a low amount 702:713 a low amount of fucose 702:723 Antibodies with a low amount of fucose displayed higher binding affinity to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb, but not to FcγRIIa, compared with antibodies with a high amount of Fc fucose. 24243971 2 70 from Asn297 402:407 arg1 variations 367:376 mass spectrometry variations 349:376 mass spectrometry variations in the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc 349:421 Because antibody titer or isotype does not strictly correlate with disease severity, we investigated by mass spectrometry variations in the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc because the composition of this glycan can be highly variable, affecting binding to phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). 24243971 2 70 from Asn297 402:407 arg1 glycosylation 385:397 the glycosylation 381:397 the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc 381:421 Because antibody titer or isotype does not strictly correlate with disease severity, we investigated by mass spectrometry variations in the glycosylation at Asn297 in the IgG Fc because the composition of this glycan can be highly variable, affecting binding to phagocyte IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). 24243971 1 71 theme human 137:141 arg1 HPAs 162:165 HPAs 162:165 HPAs 162:165 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) formed during pregnancy against human platelet antigens (HPAs) of the fetus mediates fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). 24243971 1 71 theme human 137:141 arg1 antigens 152:159 human platelet antigens 137:159 human platelet antigens (HPAs) 137:166 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) formed during pregnancy against human platelet antigens (HPAs) of the fetus mediates fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). 24243971 7 72 dep patients 1281:1288 arg1 contrast 1259:1266 contrast 1259:1266 contrast 1259:1266 In contrast to the FNAIT patients, no changes in core fucosylation were observed for anti-HLA antibodies in refractory thrombocytopenia (post platelet transfusion), indicating that the level of fucosylation may be antigen dependent and/or related to the immune milieu defined by pregnancy. 26321423 0 0 theme microchaete 88:98 arg1 seeds 105:109 Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds 75:109 Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds 75:109 Purification and primary structure of a novel mannose-specific lectin from Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds. 26321423 8 1 theme molecular 1001:1009 arg1 weights 1011:1017 the molecular weights 997:1017 the molecular weights found by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: 27,224 and 27,338Da for CML-1 and CML-2, respectively 997:1123 The primary structure of CML agrees with the molecular weights found by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: 27,224 and 27,338Da for CML-1 and CML-2, respectively. 26321423 9 2 theme metal-dependent 1135:1149 arg1 glycoprotein 1151:1162 a metal-dependent glycoprotein 1133:1162 a metal-dependent glycoprotein 1133:1162 CML is a metal-dependent glycoprotein. 26321423 9 2 theme metal-dependent 1135:1149 arg1 CML 1126:1128 CML 1126:1128 CML 1126:1128 CML is a metal-dependent glycoprotein. 26321423 0 3 theme Centrolobium 75:86 arg1 seeds 105:109 Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds 75:109 Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds 75:109 Purification and primary structure of a novel mannose-specific lectin from Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds. 26321423 5 4 theme native 610:615 arg1 form 617:620 its native form 606:620 its native form 606:620 The monomeric form of CML showed approximately 28kDa, and its native form is probably a homodimer, as determined by gel filtration chromatography. 26321423 5 4 theme native 610:615 arg1 homodimer 636:644 a homodimer 634:644 a homodimer 634:644 The monomeric form of CML showed approximately 28kDa, and its native form is probably a homodimer, as determined by gel filtration chromatography. 26321423 1 5 theme novel 158:162 arg1 lectin 180:185 a novel mannose-binding lectin 156:185 a novel mannose-binding lectin from the seeds of Centrolobium microchaete 156:228 This study aimed to purify and characterize a novel mannose-binding lectin from the seeds of Centrolobium microchaete. 26321423 0 6 from Purification 0:11 arg1 seeds 105:109 Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds 75:109 Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds 75:109 Purification and primary structure of a novel mannose-specific lectin from Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds. 26321423 5 7 theme gel 664:666 arg1 chromatography 679:692 gel filtration chromatography 664:692 gel filtration chromatography 664:692 The monomeric form of CML showed approximately 28kDa, and its native form is probably a homodimer, as determined by gel filtration chromatography. 26321423 10 8 theme glycan 1179:1184 arg1 composition 1186:1196 the glycan composition 1175:1196 the glycan composition of CML 1175:1203 Moreover, the glycan composition of CML and its structure were predicted. 26321423 0 9 theme Mart 100:103 arg1 seeds 105:109 Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds 75:109 Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds 75:109 Purification and primary structure of a novel mannose-specific lectin from Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds. 26321423 4 10 from temperatures 523:534 arg1 stable 494:499 stable 494:499 stable 494:499 The lectin was stable at pH 7.0 and 8.0 and temperatures up to 60°C. 26321423 4 10 from temperatures 523:534 arg1 lectin 483:488 The lectin 479:488 The lectin 479:488 The lectin was stable at pH 7.0 and 8.0 and temperatures up to 60°C. 26321423 6 11 theme distinct 805:812 arg1 isolectins 821:830 isolectins CML-1 and CML-2 821:846 isolectins CML-1 and CML-2 821:846 The primary structure of CML was determined by tandem mass spectrometry that showed CML as a protein with two distinct forms (isolectins CML-1 and CML-2) with 246 and 247 residues, respectively. 26321423 6 11 theme distinct 805:812 arg1 forms 814:818 two distinct forms 801:818 two distinct forms (isolectins CML-1 and CML-2) with 246 and 247 residues 801:873 The primary structure of CML was determined by tandem mass spectrometry that showed CML as a protein with two distinct forms (isolectins CML-1 and CML-2) with 246 and 247 residues, respectively. 26321423 2 12 theme affinity 285:292 arg1 chromatography 294:307 affinity chromatography 285:307 affinity chromatography 285:307 Centrolobium microchaete lectin (CML) was purified by affinity chromatography in mannose-Sepharose-4B column. 26321423 8 13 theme electrospray 1028:1039 arg1 spectrometry 1057:1068 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 1028:1068 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 1028:1068 The primary structure of CML agrees with the molecular weights found by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: 27,224 and 27,338Da for CML-1 and CML-2, respectively. 26321423 8 14 theme primary 960:966 arg1 structure 968:976 The primary structure 956:976 The primary structure of CML 956:983 The primary structure of CML agrees with the molecular weights found by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: 27,224 and 27,338Da for CML-1 and CML-2, respectively. 26321423 6 15 theme CML 720:722 arg1 structure 707:715 The primary structure 695:715 The primary structure of CML 695:722 The primary structure of CML was determined by tandem mass spectrometry that showed CML as a protein with two distinct forms (isolectins CML-1 and CML-2) with 246 and 247 residues, respectively. 26321423 1 16 theme mannose-binding 164:178 arg1 lectin 180:185 a novel mannose-binding lectin 156:185 a novel mannose-binding lectin from the seeds of Centrolobium microchaete 156:228 This study aimed to purify and characterize a novel mannose-binding lectin from the seeds of Centrolobium microchaete. 26321423 8 17 dep spectrometry 1057:1068 arg1 27,224 1071:1076 27,224 1071:1076 27,224 1071:1076 The primary structure of CML agrees with the molecular weights found by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: 27,224 and 27,338Da for CML-1 and CML-2, respectively. 26321423 8 17 dep spectrometry 1057:1068 arg1 27,338Da 1082:1089 27,338Da 1082:1089 27,338Da 1082:1089 The primary structure of CML agrees with the molecular weights found by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: 27,224 and 27,338Da for CML-1 and CML-2, respectively. 26321423 4 18 from 8.0 515:517 arg1 stable 494:499 stable 494:499 stable 494:499 The lectin was stable at pH 7.0 and 8.0 and temperatures up to 60°C. 26321423 4 18 from 8.0 515:517 arg1 lectin 483:488 The lectin 479:488 The lectin 479:488 The lectin was stable at pH 7.0 and 8.0 and temperatures up to 60°C. 26321423 7 19 theme Asn 921:923 arg1 Asn 921:923 Asn 921:923 Asn more than CML-1 in C-terminal 921:953 CML-2 possesses one residue of Asn more than CML-1 in C-terminal. 26321423 7 19 theme Asn 921:923 arg1 residue 910:916 one residue 906:916 one residue of Asn more than CML-1 in C-terminal 906:953 CML-2 possesses one residue of Asn more than CML-1 in C-terminal. 26321423 6 20 theme 247 862:864 arg1 residues 866:873 246 and 247 residues 854:873 residues 866:873 The primary structure of CML was determined by tandem mass spectrometry that showed CML as a protein with two distinct forms (isolectins CML-1 and CML-2) with 246 and 247 residues, respectively. 26321423 8 21 theme mass 1052:1055 arg1 spectrometry 1057:1068 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 1028:1068 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 1028:1068 The primary structure of CML agrees with the molecular weights found by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: 27,224 and 27,338Da for CML-1 and CML-2, respectively. 26321423 7 22 theme more 925:928 arg1 Asn 921:923 Asn 921:923 Asn more than CML-1 in C-terminal 921:953 CML-2 possesses one residue of Asn more than CML-1 in C-terminal. 26321423 9 23 gly glycoprotein 1151:1162 arg1 glycoprotein 1151:1162 a metal-dependent glycoprotein 1133:1162 a metal-dependent glycoprotein 1133:1162 CML is a metal-dependent glycoprotein. 26321423 9 23 gly glycoprotein 1151:1162 arg1 CML 1126:1128 CML 1126:1128 CML 1126:1128 CML is a metal-dependent glycoprotein. 26321423 7 24 contain possesses 896:904 arg1 CML-2 890:894 CML-2 890:894 CML-2 890:894 CML-2 possesses one residue of Asn more than CML-1 in C-terminal. 26321423 7 24 contain possesses 896:904 arg2 Asn 921:923 Asn 921:923 Asn more than CML-1 in C-terminal 921:953 CML-2 possesses one residue of Asn more than CML-1 in C-terminal. 26321423 7 24 contain possesses 896:904 arg2 residue 910:916 one residue 906:916 one residue of Asn more than CML-1 in C-terminal 906:953 CML-2 possesses one residue of Asn more than CML-1 in C-terminal. 26321423 6 25 theme primary 699:705 arg1 structure 707:715 The primary structure 695:715 The primary structure of CML 695:722 The primary structure of CML was determined by tandem mass spectrometry that showed CML as a protein with two distinct forms (isolectins CML-1 and CML-2) with 246 and 247 residues, respectively. 26321423 6 26 dep isolectins 821:830 arg1 isolectins 821:830 isolectins CML-1 and CML-2 821:846 isolectins CML-1 and CML-2 821:846 The primary structure of CML was determined by tandem mass spectrometry that showed CML as a protein with two distinct forms (isolectins CML-1 and CML-2) with 246 and 247 residues, respectively. 26321423 6 26 dep isolectins 821:830 arg1 CML-2 842:846 CML-2 842:846 CML-2 842:846 The primary structure of CML was determined by tandem mass spectrometry that showed CML as a protein with two distinct forms (isolectins CML-1 and CML-2) with 246 and 247 residues, respectively. 26321423 6 26 dep isolectins 821:830 arg1 CML-1 832:836 CML-1 832:836 CML-1 832:836 The primary structure of CML was determined by tandem mass spectrometry that showed CML as a protein with two distinct forms (isolectins CML-1 and CML-2) with 246 and 247 residues, respectively. 26321423 4 27 from pH 504:505 arg1 stable 494:499 stable 494:499 stable 494:499 The lectin was stable at pH 7.0 and 8.0 and temperatures up to 60°C. 26321423 4 27 from pH 504:505 arg1 lectin 483:488 The lectin 479:488 The lectin 479:488 The lectin was stable at pH 7.0 and 8.0 and temperatures up to 60°C. 26321423 2 28 theme mannose-Sepharose-4B 312:331 arg1 column 333:338 mannose-Sepharose-4B column 312:338 mannose-Sepharose-4B column 312:338 Centrolobium microchaete lectin (CML) was purified by affinity chromatography in mannose-Sepharose-4B column. 26321423 0 29 theme primary 17:23 arg1 structure 25:33 primary structure 17:33 primary structure 17:33 Purification and primary structure of a novel mannose-specific lectin from Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds. 26321423 6 30 theme 246 854:856 arg1 residues 866:873 246 and 247 residues 854:873 residues 866:873 The primary structure of CML was determined by tandem mass spectrometry that showed CML as a protein with two distinct forms (isolectins CML-1 and CML-2) with 246 and 247 residues, respectively. 26321423 1 31 theme Centrolobium 205:216 arg1 microchaete 218:228 Centrolobium microchaete 205:228 Centrolobium microchaete 205:228 This study aimed to purify and characterize a novel mannose-binding lectin from the seeds of Centrolobium microchaete. 26321423 4 32 dep 60°C 542:545 arg1 up 536:537 up 536:537 up 536:537 The lectin was stable at pH 7.0 and 8.0 and temperatures up to 60°C. 26321423 2 33 theme microchaete 244:254 arg1 CML 264:266 CML 264:266 CML 264:266 Centrolobium microchaete lectin (CML) was purified by affinity chromatography in mannose-Sepharose-4B column. 26321423 2 33 theme microchaete 244:254 arg1 lectin 256:261 Centrolobium microchaete lectin 231:261 Centrolobium microchaete lectin (CML) 231:267 Centrolobium microchaete lectin (CML) was purified by affinity chromatography in mannose-Sepharose-4B column. 26321423 1 34 theme microchaete 218:228 arg1 seeds 196:200 the seeds 192:200 the seeds of Centrolobium microchaete 192:228 This study aimed to purify and characterize a novel mannose-binding lectin from the seeds of Centrolobium microchaete. 26321423 0 35 theme mannose-specific 46:61 arg1 lectin 63:68 a novel mannose-specific lectin 38:68 a novel mannose-specific lectin from Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds 38:109 Purification and primary structure of a novel mannose-specific lectin from Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds. 26321423 2 36 theme Centrolobium 231:242 arg1 CML 264:266 CML 264:266 CML 264:266 Centrolobium microchaete lectin (CML) was purified by affinity chromatography in mannose-Sepharose-4B column. 26321423 2 36 theme Centrolobium 231:242 arg1 lectin 256:261 Centrolobium microchaete lectin 231:261 Centrolobium microchaete lectin (CML) 231:267 Centrolobium microchaete lectin (CML) was purified by affinity chromatography in mannose-Sepharose-4B column. 26321423 5 37 theme CML 570:572 arg1 form 562:565 The monomeric form 548:565 The monomeric form of CML 548:572 The monomeric form of CML showed approximately 28kDa, and its native form is probably a homodimer, as determined by gel filtration chromatography. 26321423 0 38 theme novel 40:44 arg1 lectin 63:68 a novel mannose-specific lectin 38:68 a novel mannose-specific lectin from Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds 38:109 Purification and primary structure of a novel mannose-specific lectin from Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds. 26321423 1 39 from seeds 196:200 arg1 lectin 180:185 a novel mannose-binding lectin 156:185 a novel mannose-binding lectin from the seeds of Centrolobium microchaete 156:228 This study aimed to purify and characterize a novel mannose-binding lectin from the seeds of Centrolobium microchaete. 26321423 8 40 theme CML 981:983 arg1 structure 968:976 The primary structure 956:976 The primary structure of CML 956:983 The primary structure of CML agrees with the molecular weights found by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: 27,224 and 27,338Da for CML-1 and CML-2, respectively. 26321423 0 41 from seeds 105:109 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification and primary structure of a novel mannose-specific lectin from Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds. 26321423 0 41 from seeds 105:109 arg1 structure 25:33 primary structure 17:33 primary structure 17:33 Purification and primary structure of a novel mannose-specific lectin from Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds. 26321423 0 41 from seeds 105:109 arg1 lectin 63:68 a novel mannose-specific lectin 38:68 a novel mannose-specific lectin from Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds 38:109 Purification and primary structure of a novel mannose-specific lectin from Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds. 26321423 6 42 theme mass 749:752 arg1 spectrometry 754:765 tandem mass spectrometry 742:765 tandem mass spectrometry that showed CML as a protein with two distinct forms (isolectins CML-1 and CML-2) with 246 and 247 residues, respectively 742:887 The primary structure of CML was determined by tandem mass spectrometry that showed CML as a protein with two distinct forms (isolectins CML-1 and CML-2) with 246 and 247 residues, respectively. 26321423 3 43 theme rabbit 358:363 arg1 erythrocytes 365:376 rabbit erythrocytes 358:376 rabbit erythrocytes 358:376 CML agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes and was inhibited by D-mannose, α-methyl-D-mannoside, D-glucose, N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine and sucrose. 26321423 8 44 theme ionization 1041:1050 arg1 spectrometry 1057:1068 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 1028:1068 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 1028:1068 The primary structure of CML agrees with the molecular weights found by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: 27,224 and 27,338Da for CML-1 and CML-2, respectively. 26321423 6 45 theme tandem 742:747 arg1 spectrometry 754:765 tandem mass spectrometry 742:765 tandem mass spectrometry that showed CML as a protein with two distinct forms (isolectins CML-1 and CML-2) with 246 and 247 residues, respectively 742:887 The primary structure of CML was determined by tandem mass spectrometry that showed CML as a protein with two distinct forms (isolectins CML-1 and CML-2) with 246 and 247 residues, respectively. 26321423 10 46 theme CML 1201:1203 arg1 structure 1213:1221 its structure 1209:1221 its structure 1209:1221 Moreover, the glycan composition of CML and its structure were predicted. 26321423 10 46 theme CML 1201:1203 arg1 composition 1186:1196 the glycan composition 1175:1196 the glycan composition of CML 1175:1203 Moreover, the glycan composition of CML and its structure were predicted. 26321423 5 47 theme filtration 668:677 arg1 chromatography 679:692 gel filtration chromatography 664:692 gel filtration chromatography 664:692 The monomeric form of CML showed approximately 28kDa, and its native form is probably a homodimer, as determined by gel filtration chromatography. 26321423 0 48 theme lectin 63:68 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification and primary structure of a novel mannose-specific lectin from Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds. 26321423 0 48 theme lectin 63:68 arg1 structure 25:33 primary structure 17:33 primary structure 17:33 Purification and primary structure of a novel mannose-specific lectin from Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds. 26321423 0 49 from structure 25:33 arg1 seeds 105:109 Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds 75:109 Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds 75:109 Purification and primary structure of a novel mannose-specific lectin from Centrolobium microchaete Mart seeds. 26321423 6 50 with forms 814:818 arg1 residues 866:873 246 and 247 residues 854:873 residues 866:873 The primary structure of CML was determined by tandem mass spectrometry that showed CML as a protein with two distinct forms (isolectins CML-1 and CML-2) with 246 and 247 residues, respectively. 26321423 5 51 theme monomeric 552:560 arg1 form 562:565 The monomeric form 548:565 The monomeric form of CML 548:572 The monomeric form of CML showed approximately 28kDa, and its native form is probably a homodimer, as determined by gel filtration chromatography. 26321423 7 52 from CML-1 935:939 arg1 C-terminal 944:953 C-terminal 944:953 C-terminal 944:953 CML-2 possesses one residue of Asn more than CML-1 in C-terminal. 28425925 0 0 theme Streptococcus 80:92 arg1 Polysaccharides 103:117 Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides 80:117 Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides 80:117 Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Streptococcus suis and Group B Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides on the Humoral Response. 28425925 2 1 theme Ab 476:477 arg1 responses 479:487 anti-CPS Ab responses 467:487 anti-CPS Ab responses 467:487 Antibodies (Abs) against capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) have a crucial protective role, but the structure/composition of the CPS, including the presence of sialic acid, may interfere with the generation of anti-CPS Ab responses. 28425925 7 2 theme effective 1354:1362 arg1 response 1364:1371 an effective response 1351:1371 an effective response 1351:1371 Thus, other biochemical criteria unrelated to the presence of sialic acid may be responsible for the inaptitude of the host immune system to mount an effective response against certain S. suis and GBS CPS types. 28425925 1 3 theme group 167:171 arg1 GBS 190:192 GBS 190:192 GBS 190:192 Streptococcus suis and group B Streptococcus (GBS) are encapsulated streptococci causing septicemia and meningitis. 28425925 1 3 theme group 167:171 arg1 Streptococcus 175:187 group B Streptococcus 167:187 group B Streptococcus (GBS) 167:193 Streptococcus suis and group B Streptococcus (GBS) are encapsulated streptococci causing septicemia and meningitis. 28425925 1 3 theme group 167:171 arg1 streptococci 212:223 encapsulated streptococci 199:223 encapsulated streptococci causing septicemia and meningitis 199:257 Streptococcus suis and group B Streptococcus (GBS) are encapsulated streptococci causing septicemia and meningitis. 28425925 1 3 theme group 167:171 arg1 suis 158:161 Streptococcus suis 144:161 Streptococcus suis 144:161 Streptococcus suis and group B Streptococcus (GBS) are encapsulated streptococci causing septicemia and meningitis. 28425925 2 4 theme anti-CPS 467:474 arg1 responses 479:487 anti-CPS Ab responses 467:487 anti-CPS Ab responses 467:487 Antibodies (Abs) against capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) have a crucial protective role, but the structure/composition of the CPS, including the presence of sialic acid, may interfere with the generation of anti-CPS Ab responses. 28425925 3 5 theme purified 660:667 arg1 CPSs 692:695 purified native or desialylated CPSs 660:695 purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice 660:703 We investigated the features of the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice. 28425925 7 6 theme immune 1328:1333 arg1 system 1335:1340 the host immune system 1319:1340 the host immune system 1319:1340 Thus, other biochemical criteria unrelated to the presence of sialic acid may be responsible for the inaptitude of the host immune system to mount an effective response against certain S. suis and GBS CPS types. 28425925 1 7 theme B 173:173 arg1 GBS 190:192 GBS 190:192 GBS 190:192 Streptococcus suis and group B Streptococcus (GBS) are encapsulated streptococci causing septicemia and meningitis. 28425925 1 7 theme B 173:173 arg1 Streptococcus 175:187 group B Streptococcus 167:187 group B Streptococcus (GBS) 167:193 Streptococcus suis and group B Streptococcus (GBS) are encapsulated streptococci causing septicemia and meningitis. 28425925 1 7 theme B 173:173 arg1 streptococci 212:223 encapsulated streptococci 199:223 encapsulated streptococci causing septicemia and meningitis 199:257 Streptococcus suis and group B Streptococcus (GBS) are encapsulated streptococci causing septicemia and meningitis. 28425925 1 7 theme B 173:173 arg1 suis 158:161 Streptococcus suis 144:161 Streptococcus suis 144:161 Streptococcus suis and group B Streptococcus (GBS) are encapsulated streptococci causing septicemia and meningitis. 28425925 6 8 theme CPS 1064:1066 arg1 immunogenicity 1024:1037 the immunogenicity 1020:1037 the immunogenicity of purified GBS type III CPS 1020:1066 While the expression of sialic acid was essential for the immunogenicity of purified GBS type III CPS, this sugar was not responsible for the inability of purified S. suis types 2, 14 and GBS type V CPSs to induce a specific Ab response. 28425925 0 9 from Evaluation 0:9 arg1 Response 134:141 the Humoral Response 122:141 the Humoral Response 122:141 Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Streptococcus suis and Group B Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides on the Humoral Response. 28425925 6 10 theme type 1158:1161 arg1 CPSs 1165:1168 2, 14 and GBS type V CPSs 1144:1168 CPSs 1165:1168 While the expression of sialic acid was essential for the immunogenicity of purified GBS type III CPS, this sugar was not responsible for the inability of purified S. suis types 2, 14 and GBS type V CPSs to induce a specific Ab response. 28425925 3 11 theme CPS-specific 526:537 arg1 response 542:549 the CPS-specific Ab response 522:549 the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice 522:703 We investigated the features of the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice. 28425925 4 12 dep measured 834:841 arg1 type 883:886 type III GBS 883:894 type III GBS 883:894 Whereas S. suis-infected mice developed a very low/undetectable CPS-specific IgM response, significant anti-CPS IgM titers were measured in GBS-infected animals (especially for type III GBS). 28425925 0 13 theme Capsular 94:101 arg1 Polysaccharides 103:117 Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides 80:117 Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides 80:117 Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Streptococcus suis and Group B Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides on the Humoral Response. 28425925 7 14 theme biochemical 1216:1226 arg1 criteria 1228:1235 other biochemical criteria 1210:1235 other biochemical criteria unrelated to the presence of sialic acid 1210:1276 Thus, other biochemical criteria unrelated to the presence of sialic acid may be responsible for the inaptitude of the host immune system to mount an effective response against certain S. suis and GBS CPS types. 28425925 6 15 theme Ab 1191:1192 arg1 response 1194:1201 a specific Ab response 1180:1201 a specific Ab response 1180:1201 While the expression of sialic acid was essential for the immunogenicity of purified GBS type III CPS, this sugar was not responsible for the inability of purified S. suis types 2, 14 and GBS type V CPSs to induce a specific Ab response. 28425925 3 16 theme Ab 539:540 arg1 response 542:549 the CPS-specific Ab response 522:549 the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice 522:703 We investigated the features of the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice. 28425925 3 17 with infection 629:637 arg1 CPSs 692:695 purified native or desialylated CPSs 660:695 purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice 660:703 We investigated the features of the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice. 28425925 1 18 theme Streptococcus 144:156 arg1 Streptococcus 175:187 group B Streptococcus 167:187 group B Streptococcus (GBS) 167:193 Streptococcus suis and group B Streptococcus (GBS) are encapsulated streptococci causing septicemia and meningitis. 28425925 1 18 theme Streptococcus 144:156 arg1 streptococci 212:223 encapsulated streptococci 199:223 encapsulated streptococci causing septicemia and meningitis 199:257 Streptococcus suis and group B Streptococcus (GBS) are encapsulated streptococci causing septicemia and meningitis. 28425925 1 18 theme Streptococcus 144:156 arg1 suis 158:161 Streptococcus suis 144:161 Streptococcus suis 144:161 Streptococcus suis and group B Streptococcus (GBS) are encapsulated streptococci causing septicemia and meningitis. 28425925 6 19 dep S. 1130:1131 arg1 suis 1133:1136 suis 1133:1136 suis 1133:1136 While the expression of sialic acid was essential for the immunogenicity of purified GBS type III CPS, this sugar was not responsible for the inability of purified S. suis types 2, 14 and GBS type V CPSs to induce a specific Ab response. 28425925 6 20 theme specific 1182:1189 arg1 response 1194:1201 a specific Ab response 1180:1201 a specific Ab response 1180:1201 While the expression of sialic acid was essential for the immunogenicity of purified GBS type III CPS, this sugar was not responsible for the inability of purified S. suis types 2, 14 and GBS type V CPSs to induce a specific Ab response. 28425925 2 21 theme capsular 285:292 arg1 polysaccharides 294:308 capsular polysaccharides 285:308 capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) 285:315 Antibodies (Abs) against capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) have a crucial protective role, but the structure/composition of the CPS, including the presence of sialic acid, may interfere with the generation of anti-CPS Ab responses. 28425925 2 21 theme capsular 285:292 arg1 CPSs 311:314 CPSs 311:314 CPSs 311:314 Antibodies (Abs) against capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) have a crucial protective role, but the structure/composition of the CPS, including the presence of sialic acid, may interfere with the generation of anti-CPS Ab responses. 28425925 4 22 dep type 883:886 arg1 GBS 892:894 GBS 892:894 type III GBS 883:894 Whereas S. suis-infected mice developed a very low/undetectable CPS-specific IgM response, significant anti-CPS IgM titers were measured in GBS-infected animals (especially for type III GBS). 28425925 4 22 dep type 883:886 arg1 especially 868:877 especially 868:877 especially 868:877 Whereas S. suis-infected mice developed a very low/undetectable CPS-specific IgM response, significant anti-CPS IgM titers were measured in GBS-infected animals (especially for type III GBS). 28425925 6 23 theme type 1055:1058 arg1 CPS 1064:1066 purified GBS type III CPS 1042:1066 purified GBS type III CPS 1042:1066 While the expression of sialic acid was essential for the immunogenicity of purified GBS type III CPS, this sugar was not responsible for the inability of purified S. suis types 2, 14 and GBS type V CPSs to induce a specific Ab response. 28425925 6 24 theme acid 997:1000 arg1 essential 1006:1014 essential 1006:1014 essential 1006:1014 While the expression of sialic acid was essential for the immunogenicity of purified GBS type III CPS, this sugar was not responsible for the inability of purified S. suis types 2, 14 and GBS type V CPSs to induce a specific Ab response. 28425925 6 24 theme acid 997:1000 arg1 expression 976:985 the expression 972:985 the expression of sialic acid 972:1000 While the expression of sialic acid was essential for the immunogenicity of purified GBS type III CPS, this sugar was not responsible for the inability of purified S. suis types 2, 14 and GBS type V CPSs to induce a specific Ab response. 28425925 3 25 with immunization 642:653 arg1 CPSs 692:695 purified native or desialylated CPSs 660:695 purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice 660:703 We investigated the features of the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice. 28425925 3 26 dep serotypes 576:584 arg1 V 621:621 V 621:621 V 621:621 We investigated the features of the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice. 28425925 3 26 dep serotypes 576:584 arg1 III 613:615 III 613:615 III 613:615 We investigated the features of the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice. 28425925 3 26 dep serotypes 576:584 arg1 serotypes 576:584 S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice 568:703 serotypes 576:584 We investigated the features of the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice. 28425925 3 27 from CPSs 692:695 arg1 mice 700:703 mice 700:703 mice 700:703 We investigated the features of the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice. 28425925 0 28 theme B 78:78 arg1 Properties 35:44 the Immunomodulatory Properties 14:44 the Immunomodulatory Properties of Streptococcus suis and Group B Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides 14:117 Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Streptococcus suis and Group B Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides on the Humoral Response. 28425925 4 29 theme GBS-infected 846:857 arg1 animals 859:865 GBS-infected animals 846:865 GBS-infected animals 846:865 Whereas S. suis-infected mice developed a very low/undetectable CPS-specific IgM response, significant anti-CPS IgM titers were measured in GBS-infected animals (especially for type III GBS). 28425925 4 30 theme S. 714:715 arg1 mice 731:734 S. suis-infected mice 714:734 S. suis-infected mice 714:734 Whereas S. suis-infected mice developed a very low/undetectable CPS-specific IgM response, significant anti-CPS IgM titers were measured in GBS-infected animals (especially for type III GBS). 28425925 2 31 theme CPS 386:388 arg1 structure/composition 357:377 the structure/composition 353:377 the structure/composition of the CPS, including the presence of sialic acid, 353:428 Antibodies (Abs) against capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) have a crucial protective role, but the structure/composition of the CPS, including the presence of sialic acid, may interfere with the generation of anti-CPS Ab responses. 28425925 7 32 theme certain 1381:1387 arg1 types 1409:1413 certain S. suis and GBS CPS types 1381:1413 certain S. suis and GBS CPS types 1381:1413 Thus, other biochemical criteria unrelated to the presence of sialic acid may be responsible for the inaptitude of the host immune system to mount an effective response against certain S. suis and GBS CPS types. 28425925 7 33 theme CPS 1405:1407 arg1 types 1409:1413 certain S. suis and GBS CPS types 1381:1413 certain S. suis and GBS CPS types 1381:1413 Thus, other biochemical criteria unrelated to the presence of sialic acid may be responsible for the inaptitude of the host immune system to mount an effective response against certain S. suis and GBS CPS types. 28425925 3 34 theme S. 568:569 arg1 V 621:621 V 621:621 V 621:621 We investigated the features of the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice. 28425925 3 34 theme S. 568:569 arg1 III 613:615 III 613:615 III 613:615 We investigated the features of the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice. 28425925 3 34 theme S. 568:569 arg1 serotypes 576:584 S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice 568:703 serotypes 576:584 We investigated the features of the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice. 28425925 0 35 theme Immunomodulatory 18:33 arg1 Properties 35:44 the Immunomodulatory Properties 14:44 the Immunomodulatory Properties of Streptococcus suis and Group B Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides 14:117 Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Streptococcus suis and Group B Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides on the Humoral Response. 28425925 7 36 theme host 1323:1326 arg1 system 1335:1340 the host immune system 1319:1340 the host immune system 1319:1340 Thus, other biochemical criteria unrelated to the presence of sialic acid may be responsible for the inaptitude of the host immune system to mount an effective response against certain S. suis and GBS CPS types. 28425925 6 37 theme GBS 1154:1156 arg1 CPSs 1165:1168 2, 14 and GBS type V CPSs 1144:1168 CPSs 1165:1168 While the expression of sialic acid was essential for the immunogenicity of purified GBS type III CPS, this sugar was not responsible for the inability of purified S. suis types 2, 14 and GBS type V CPSs to induce a specific Ab response. 28425925 3 38 theme response 542:549 arg1 features 510:517 the features 506:517 the features of the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice 506:703 We investigated the features of the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice. 28425925 4 39 theme anti-CPS 809:816 arg1 titers 822:827 significant anti-CPS IgM titers 797:827 significant anti-CPS IgM titers 797:827 Whereas S. suis-infected mice developed a very low/undetectable CPS-specific IgM response, significant anti-CPS IgM titers were measured in GBS-infected animals (especially for type III GBS). 28425925 2 40 theme sialic 417:422 arg1 acid 424:427 sialic acid 417:427 sialic acid 417:427 Antibodies (Abs) against capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) have a crucial protective role, but the structure/composition of the CPS, including the presence of sialic acid, may interfere with the generation of anti-CPS Ab responses. 28425925 2 41 theme acid 424:427 arg1 presence 405:412 the presence 401:412 the presence of sialic acid 401:427 Antibodies (Abs) against capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) have a crucial protective role, but the structure/composition of the CPS, including the presence of sialic acid, may interfere with the generation of anti-CPS Ab responses. 28425925 0 42 theme Humoral 126:132 arg1 Response 134:141 the Humoral Response 122:141 the Humoral Response 122:141 Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Streptococcus suis and Group B Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides on the Humoral Response. 28425925 6 43 theme types 1138:1142 arg1 inability 1108:1116 the inability 1104:1116 the inability of purified S. suis types 2, 14 and GBS type V CPSs to induce a specific Ab response 1104:1201 While the expression of sialic acid was essential for the immunogenicity of purified GBS type III CPS, this sugar was not responsible for the inability of purified S. suis types 2, 14 and GBS type V CPSs to induce a specific Ab response. 28425925 4 44 theme suis-infected 717:729 arg1 mice 731:734 S. suis-infected mice 714:734 S. suis-infected mice 714:734 Whereas S. suis-infected mice developed a very low/undetectable CPS-specific IgM response, significant anti-CPS IgM titers were measured in GBS-infected animals (especially for type III GBS). 28425925 1 45 theme encapsulated 199:210 arg1 Streptococcus 175:187 group B Streptococcus 167:187 group B Streptococcus (GBS) 167:193 Streptococcus suis and group B Streptococcus (GBS) are encapsulated streptococci causing septicemia and meningitis. 28425925 1 45 theme encapsulated 199:210 arg1 streptococci 212:223 encapsulated streptococci 199:223 encapsulated streptococci causing septicemia and meningitis 199:257 Streptococcus suis and group B Streptococcus (GBS) are encapsulated streptococci causing septicemia and meningitis. 28425925 1 45 theme encapsulated 199:210 arg1 suis 158:161 Streptococcus suis 144:161 Streptococcus suis 144:161 Streptococcus suis and group B Streptococcus (GBS) are encapsulated streptococci causing septicemia and meningitis. 28425925 7 46 theme other 1210:1214 arg1 criteria 1228:1235 other biochemical criteria 1210:1235 other biochemical criteria unrelated to the presence of sialic acid 1210:1276 Thus, other biochemical criteria unrelated to the presence of sialic acid may be responsible for the inaptitude of the host immune system to mount an effective response against certain S. suis and GBS CPS types. 28425925 5 47 theme suis- 938:942 arg1 mice 960:963 suis- or GBS-infected mice 938:963 S. suis- or GBS-infected mice 935:963 No isotype switching was detected in S. suis- or GBS-infected mice. 28425925 0 48 dep suis 63:66 arg1 Polysaccharides 103:117 Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides 80:117 Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides 80:117 Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Streptococcus suis and Group B Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides on the Humoral Response. 28425925 0 49 theme Properties 35:44 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Streptococcus suis and Group B Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides on the Humoral Response. 0:142 Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Streptococcus suis and Group B Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides on the Humoral Response. 28425925 3 50 gly desialylated 679:690 arg1 CPSs 692:695 purified native or desialylated CPSs 660:695 purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice 660:703 We investigated the features of the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice. 28425925 4 51 theme significant 797:807 arg1 titers 822:827 significant anti-CPS IgM titers 797:827 significant anti-CPS IgM titers 797:827 Whereas S. suis-infected mice developed a very low/undetectable CPS-specific IgM response, significant anti-CPS IgM titers were measured in GBS-infected animals (especially for type III GBS). 28425925 6 52 theme purified 1042:1049 arg1 CPS 1064:1066 purified GBS type III CPS 1042:1066 purified GBS type III CPS 1042:1066 While the expression of sialic acid was essential for the immunogenicity of purified GBS type III CPS, this sugar was not responsible for the inability of purified S. suis types 2, 14 and GBS type V CPSs to induce a specific Ab response. 28425925 0 53 theme suis 63:66 arg1 Properties 35:44 the Immunomodulatory Properties 14:44 the Immunomodulatory Properties of Streptococcus suis and Group B Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides 14:117 Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Streptococcus suis and Group B Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides on the Humoral Response. 28425925 5 54 located detected 923:930 arg2 switching 909:917 No isotype switching 898:917 No isotype switching 898:917 No isotype switching was detected in S. suis- or GBS-infected mice. 28425925 5 54 located detected 923:930 arg1 mice 960:963 suis- or GBS-infected mice 938:963 S. suis- or GBS-infected mice 935:963 No isotype switching was detected in S. suis- or GBS-infected mice. 28425925 7 55 theme acid 1273:1276 arg1 presence 1254:1261 the presence 1250:1261 the presence of sialic acid 1250:1276 Thus, other biochemical criteria unrelated to the presence of sialic acid may be responsible for the inaptitude of the host immune system to mount an effective response against certain S. suis and GBS CPS types. 28425925 3 56 theme suis 571:574 arg1 V 621:621 V 621:621 V 621:621 We investigated the features of the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice. 28425925 3 56 theme suis 571:574 arg1 III 613:615 III 613:615 III 613:615 We investigated the features of the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice. 28425925 3 56 theme suis 571:574 arg1 serotypes 576:584 S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice 568:703 serotypes 576:584 We investigated the features of the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice. 28425925 0 57 theme Streptococcus 49:61 arg1 suis 63:66 Streptococcus suis 49:66 Streptococcus suis 49:66 Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Streptococcus suis and Group B Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides on the Humoral Response. 28425925 2 58 contain have 317:320 arg1 Abs 272:274 Abs 272:274 Abs 272:274 Antibodies (Abs) against capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) have a crucial protective role, but the structure/composition of the CPS, including the presence of sialic acid, may interfere with the generation of anti-CPS Ab responses. 28425925 2 58 contain have 317:320 arg1 Antibodies 260:269 Antibodies 260:269 Antibodies (Abs) against capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) 260:315 Antibodies (Abs) against capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) have a crucial protective role, but the structure/composition of the CPS, including the presence of sialic acid, may interfere with the generation of anti-CPS Ab responses. 28425925 2 58 contain have 317:320 arg2 role 343:346 a crucial protective role 322:346 a crucial protective role 322:346 Antibodies (Abs) against capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) have a crucial protective role, but the structure/composition of the CPS, including the presence of sialic acid, may interfere with the generation of anti-CPS Ab responses. 28425925 4 59 theme IgM 818:820 arg1 titers 822:827 significant anti-CPS IgM titers 797:827 significant anti-CPS IgM titers 797:827 Whereas S. suis-infected mice developed a very low/undetectable CPS-specific IgM response, significant anti-CPS IgM titers were measured in GBS-infected animals (especially for type III GBS). 28425925 5 60 dep mice 960:963 arg1 S. 935:936 S. suis- or GBS-infected mice 935:963 S. suis- or GBS-infected mice 935:963 No isotype switching was detected in S. suis- or GBS-infected mice. 28425925 7 61 theme sialic 1266:1271 arg1 acid 1273:1276 sialic acid 1266:1276 sialic acid 1266:1276 Thus, other biochemical criteria unrelated to the presence of sialic acid may be responsible for the inaptitude of the host immune system to mount an effective response against certain S. suis and GBS CPS types. 28425925 7 62 theme system 1335:1340 arg1 inaptitude 1305:1314 the inaptitude 1301:1314 the inaptitude of the host immune system to mount an effective response against certain S. suis and GBS CPS types 1301:1413 Thus, other biochemical criteria unrelated to the presence of sialic acid may be responsible for the inaptitude of the host immune system to mount an effective response against certain S. suis and GBS CPS types. 28425925 4 63 theme IgM 783:785 arg1 response 787:794 a very low/undetectable CPS-specific IgM response 746:794 a very low/undetectable CPS-specific IgM response 746:794 Whereas S. suis-infected mice developed a very low/undetectable CPS-specific IgM response, significant anti-CPS IgM titers were measured in GBS-infected animals (especially for type III GBS). 28425925 3 64 theme GBS 599:601 arg1 serotypes 603:611 GBS serotypes 599:611 GBS serotypes 599:611 We investigated the features of the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice. 28425925 6 65 theme V 1163:1163 arg1 CPSs 1165:1168 2, 14 and GBS type V CPSs 1144:1168 CPSs 1165:1168 While the expression of sialic acid was essential for the immunogenicity of purified GBS type III CPS, this sugar was not responsible for the inability of purified S. suis types 2, 14 and GBS type V CPSs to induce a specific Ab response. 28425925 2 66 theme protective 332:341 arg1 role 343:346 a crucial protective role 322:346 a crucial protective role 322:346 Antibodies (Abs) against capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) have a crucial protective role, but the structure/composition of the CPS, including the presence of sialic acid, may interfere with the generation of anti-CPS Ab responses. 28425925 4 67 theme low/undetectable 753:768 arg1 response 787:794 a very low/undetectable CPS-specific IgM response 746:794 a very low/undetectable CPS-specific IgM response 746:794 Whereas S. suis-infected mice developed a very low/undetectable CPS-specific IgM response, significant anti-CPS IgM titers were measured in GBS-infected animals (especially for type III GBS). 28425925 7 68 theme GBS 1401:1403 arg1 types 1409:1413 certain S. suis and GBS CPS types 1381:1413 certain S. suis and GBS CPS types 1381:1413 Thus, other biochemical criteria unrelated to the presence of sialic acid may be responsible for the inaptitude of the host immune system to mount an effective response against certain S. suis and GBS CPS types. 28425925 4 69 theme CPS-specific 770:781 arg1 response 787:794 a very low/undetectable CPS-specific IgM response 746:794 a very low/undetectable CPS-specific IgM response 746:794 Whereas S. suis-infected mice developed a very low/undetectable CPS-specific IgM response, significant anti-CPS IgM titers were measured in GBS-infected animals (especially for type III GBS). 28425925 6 70 theme S. 1130:1131 arg1 types 1138:1142 purified S. suis types 1121:1142 purified S. suis types 1121:1142 While the expression of sialic acid was essential for the immunogenicity of purified GBS type III CPS, this sugar was not responsible for the inability of purified S. suis types 2, 14 and GBS type V CPSs to induce a specific Ab response. 28425925 2 71 theme crucial 324:330 arg1 role 343:346 a crucial protective role 322:346 a crucial protective role 322:346 Antibodies (Abs) against capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) have a crucial protective role, but the structure/composition of the CPS, including the presence of sialic acid, may interfere with the generation of anti-CPS Ab responses. 28425925 7 72 theme unrelated 1237:1245 arg1 criteria 1228:1235 other biochemical criteria 1210:1235 other biochemical criteria unrelated to the presence of sialic acid 1210:1276 Thus, other biochemical criteria unrelated to the presence of sialic acid may be responsible for the inaptitude of the host immune system to mount an effective response against certain S. suis and GBS CPS types. 28425925 5 73 theme isotype 901:907 arg1 switching 909:917 No isotype switching 898:917 No isotype switching 898:917 No isotype switching was detected in S. suis- or GBS-infected mice. 28425925 0 74 theme Group 72:76 arg1 B 78:78 Group B 72:78 Group B 72:78 Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Streptococcus suis and Group B Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides on the Humoral Response. 28425925 5 75 theme GBS-infected 947:958 arg1 mice 960:963 suis- or GBS-infected mice 938:963 S. suis- or GBS-infected mice 935:963 No isotype switching was detected in S. suis- or GBS-infected mice. 28425925 3 76 theme native 669:674 arg1 CPSs 692:695 purified native or desialylated CPSs 660:695 purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice 660:703 We investigated the features of the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice. 28425925 6 77 theme purified 1121:1128 arg1 types 1138:1142 purified S. suis types 1121:1142 purified S. suis types 1121:1142 While the expression of sialic acid was essential for the immunogenicity of purified GBS type III CPS, this sugar was not responsible for the inability of purified S. suis types 2, 14 and GBS type V CPSs to induce a specific Ab response. 28425925 6 78 theme GBS 1051:1053 arg1 CPS 1064:1066 purified GBS type III CPS 1042:1066 purified GBS type III CPS 1042:1066 While the expression of sialic acid was essential for the immunogenicity of purified GBS type III CPS, this sugar was not responsible for the inability of purified S. suis types 2, 14 and GBS type V CPSs to induce a specific Ab response. 28425925 6 79 theme sialic 990:995 arg1 acid 997:1000 sialic acid 990:1000 sialic acid 990:1000 While the expression of sialic acid was essential for the immunogenicity of purified GBS type III CPS, this sugar was not responsible for the inability of purified S. suis types 2, 14 and GBS type V CPSs to induce a specific Ab response. 28425925 2 80 theme responses 479:487 arg1 generation 453:462 the generation 449:462 the generation of anti-CPS Ab responses 449:487 Antibodies (Abs) against capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) have a crucial protective role, but the structure/composition of the CPS, including the presence of sialic acid, may interfere with the generation of anti-CPS Ab responses. 28425925 7 81 theme suis 1392:1395 arg1 types 1409:1413 certain S. suis and GBS CPS types 1381:1413 certain S. suis and GBS CPS types 1381:1413 Thus, other biochemical criteria unrelated to the presence of sialic acid may be responsible for the inaptitude of the host immune system to mount an effective response against certain S. suis and GBS CPS types. 28425925 6 82 theme 2 1144:1144 arg1 CPSs 1165:1168 2, 14 and GBS type V CPSs 1144:1168 CPSs 1165:1168 While the expression of sialic acid was essential for the immunogenicity of purified GBS type III CPS, this sugar was not responsible for the inability of purified S. suis types 2, 14 and GBS type V CPSs to induce a specific Ab response. 28425925 3 83 theme desialylated 679:690 arg1 CPSs 692:695 purified native or desialylated CPSs 660:695 purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice 660:703 We investigated the features of the CPS-specific Ab response directed against S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V after infection or immunization with purified native or desialylated CPSs in mice. 27277746 0 0 theme stover 98:103 arg1 performance 48:58 the enzymatic hydrolysis performance 23:58 the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover before and after washing with water 23:139 Difference analysis of the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover before and after washing with water. 27277746 4 1 theme enzymatic 929:937 arg1 hydrolysis 939:948 enzymatic hydrolysis 929:948 enzymatic hydrolysis 929:948 Results showed that these products, except furans, exerted negative effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 3 2 dep neutralization 556:569 arg1 CaSO4 572:576 CaSO4 572:576 CaSO4 572:576 Salts produced by neutralization (CaSO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, and (NH4)2SO4), sugars (polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides), sugar-degradation products (weak acids and furans), and lignin-degradation products (ethyl acetate extracts and nine main lignin-degradation products) were back-added to wASC. 27277746 6 3 theme promotion 1209:1217 arg1 effect 1219:1224 a promotion effect 1207:1224 a promotion effect 1207:1224 By contrast, furans demonstrated a promotion effect. 27277746 2 4 theme composition 454:464 arg1 analysis 438:445 the analysis 434:445 the analysis of the composition of ASC prehydrolyzate and sugar concentration of enzymatic hydrolyzate 434:535 The reasons for the difference in the yield between ASC and washed ASC (wASC) were determined through the analysis of the composition of ASC prehydrolyzate and sugar concentration of enzymatic hydrolyzate. 27277746 5 5 theme sugar-degradation 1041:1057 arg1 products 1059:1066 the five sugar-degradation products 1032:1066 the five sugar-degradation products' mixture and salts [Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4] 1032:1105 According to the characteristics of acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment, the five sugar-degradation products' mixture and salts [Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4] showed minimal negative inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 1 6 theme enzymatic 164:172 arg1 yield 185:189 the enzymatic hydrolysis yield 160:189 the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover (ASC) before and after washing with water 160:276 The difference in the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover (ASC) before and after washing with water reached approximately 15 % under the same conditions. 27277746 8 7 theme enzymatic 1587:1595 arg1 performance 1608:1618 the enzymatic hydrolysis performance 1583:1618 the enzymatic hydrolysis performance 1583:1618 Therefore, removal of soluble sugars and lignin-degradation products could effectively promote the enzymatic hydrolysis performance. 27277746 3 8 dep sugars 610:615 arg1 oligosaccharides 635:650 oligosaccharides 635:650 oligosaccharides 635:650 Salts produced by neutralization (CaSO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, and (NH4)2SO4), sugars (polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides), sugar-degradation products (weak acids and furans), and lignin-degradation products (ethyl acetate extracts and nine main lignin-degradation products) were back-added to wASC. 27277746 3 8 dep sugars 610:615 arg1 monosaccharides 657:671 monosaccharides 657:671 monosaccharides 657:671 Salts produced by neutralization (CaSO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, and (NH4)2SO4), sugars (polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides), sugar-degradation products (weak acids and furans), and lignin-degradation products (ethyl acetate extracts and nine main lignin-degradation products) were back-added to wASC. 27277746 3 8 dep sugars 610:615 arg1 polysaccharides 618:632 polysaccharides 618:632 polysaccharides 618:632 Salts produced by neutralization (CaSO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, and (NH4)2SO4), sugars (polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides), sugar-degradation products (weak acids and furans), and lignin-degradation products (ethyl acetate extracts and nine main lignin-degradation products) were back-added to wASC. 27277746 8 9 theme products 1548:1555 arg1 removal 1499:1505 removal 1499:1505 removal of soluble sugars and lignin-degradation products 1499:1555 Therefore, removal of soluble sugars and lignin-degradation products could effectively promote the enzymatic hydrolysis performance. 27277746 3 10 theme ethyl 760:764 arg1 extracts 774:781 ethyl acetate extracts 760:781 ethyl acetate extracts 760:781 Salts produced by neutralization (CaSO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, and (NH4)2SO4), sugars (polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides), sugar-degradation products (weak acids and furans), and lignin-degradation products (ethyl acetate extracts and nine main lignin-degradation products) were back-added to wASC. 27277746 2 11 theme concentration 498:510 arg1 composition 454:464 the composition 450:464 the composition of ASC prehydrolyzate and sugar concentration of enzymatic hydrolyzate 450:535 The reasons for the difference in the yield between ASC and washed ASC (wASC) were determined through the analysis of the composition of ASC prehydrolyzate and sugar concentration of enzymatic hydrolyzate. 27277746 1 12 from difference 146:155 arg1 yield 185:189 the enzymatic hydrolysis yield 160:189 the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover (ASC) before and after washing with water 160:276 The difference in the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover (ASC) before and after washing with water reached approximately 15 % under the same conditions. 27277746 7 13 theme evident 1437:1443 arg1 effect 1456:1461 evident inhibition effect 1437:1461 evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis 1437:1485 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 3 14 theme acetate 766:772 arg1 extracts 774:781 ethyl acetate extracts 760:781 ethyl acetate extracts 760:781 Salts produced by neutralization (CaSO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, and (NH4)2SO4), sugars (polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides), sugar-degradation products (weak acids and furans), and lignin-degradation products (ethyl acetate extracts and nine main lignin-degradation products) were back-added to wASC. 27277746 2 15 theme sugar 492:496 arg1 concentration 498:510 sugar concentration 492:510 sugar concentration 492:510 The reasons for the difference in the yield between ASC and washed ASC (wASC) were determined through the analysis of the composition of ASC prehydrolyzate and sugar concentration of enzymatic hydrolyzate. 27277746 3 16 theme sugar-degradation 675:691 arg1 products 693:700 sugar-degradation products 675:700 sugar-degradation products (weak acids and furans) 675:724 Salts produced by neutralization (CaSO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, and (NH4)2SO4), sugars (polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides), sugar-degradation products (weak acids and furans), and lignin-degradation products (ethyl acetate extracts and nine main lignin-degradation products) were back-added to wASC. 27277746 7 17 theme 10 g/L 1325:1330 arg1 glucose 1332:1338 10 g/L glucose 1325:1338 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %) 1325:1347 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 7 17 theme 10 g/L 1325:1330 arg1 % 1346:1346 3.67 % 1341:1346 3.67 % 1341:1346 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 7 17 theme 10 g/L 1325:1330 arg1 xylose 1268:1273 13 g/L xylose 1261:1273 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %) 1261:1295 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 8 18 theme hydrolysis 1597:1606 arg1 performance 1608:1618 the enzymatic hydrolysis performance 1583:1618 the enzymatic hydrolysis performance 1583:1618 Therefore, removal of soluble sugars and lignin-degradation products could effectively promote the enzymatic hydrolysis performance. 27277746 1 19 theme hydrolysis 174:183 arg1 yield 185:189 the enzymatic hydrolysis yield 160:189 the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover (ASC) before and after washing with water 160:276 The difference in the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover (ASC) before and after washing with water reached approximately 15 % under the same conditions. 27277746 8 20 theme soluble 1510:1516 arg1 sugars 1518:1523 soluble sugars 1510:1523 soluble sugars 1510:1523 Therefore, removal of soluble sugars and lignin-degradation products could effectively promote the enzymatic hydrolysis performance. 27277746 5 21 from effect 1142:1147 arg1 hydrolysis 1162:1171 enzymatic hydrolysis 1152:1171 enzymatic hydrolysis 1152:1171 According to the characteristics of acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment, the five sugar-degradation products' mixture and salts [Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4] showed minimal negative inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 2 22 from difference 352:361 arg1 yield 370:374 the yield 366:374 the yield 366:374 The reasons for the difference in the yield between ASC and washed ASC (wASC) were determined through the analysis of the composition of ASC prehydrolyzate and sugar concentration of enzymatic hydrolyzate. 27277746 5 23 dep products 1059:1066 arg1 salts 1081:1085 salts [Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4] 1081:1105 salts [Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4] 1081:1105 According to the characteristics of acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment, the five sugar-degradation products' mixture and salts [Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4] showed minimal negative inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 5 23 dep products 1059:1066 arg1 mixture 1069:1075 mixture 1069:1075 mixture 1069:1075 According to the characteristics of acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment, the five sugar-degradation products' mixture and salts [Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4] showed minimal negative inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 4 24 theme negative 910:917 arg1 effect 919:924 negative effect 910:924 negative effect 910:924 Results showed that these products, except furans, exerted negative effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 0 25 theme corn 93:96 arg1 stover 98:103 acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover 63:103 acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover 63:103 Difference analysis of the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover before and after washing with water. 27277746 2 26 theme prehydrolyzate 473:486 arg1 composition 454:464 the composition 450:464 the composition of ASC prehydrolyzate and sugar concentration of enzymatic hydrolyzate 450:535 The reasons for the difference in the yield between ASC and washed ASC (wASC) were determined through the analysis of the composition of ASC prehydrolyzate and sugar concentration of enzymatic hydrolyzate. 27277746 5 27 theme minimal 1114:1120 arg1 effect 1142:1147 minimal negative inhibition effect 1114:1147 minimal negative inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis 1114:1171 According to the characteristics of acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment, the five sugar-degradation products' mixture and salts [Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4] showed minimal negative inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 7 28 theme 13 g/L 1261:1266 arg1 xylose 1268:1273 13 g/L xylose 1261:1273 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %) 1261:1295 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 7 28 theme 13 g/L 1261:1266 arg1 cellobiose 1304:1313 5 g/L cellobiose 1298:1313 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %) 1298:1322 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 7 28 theme 13 g/L 1261:1266 arg1 extracts 1408:1415 ethyl acetate extracts 1394:1415 ethyl acetate extracts 1394:1415 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 7 28 theme 13 g/L 1261:1266 arg1 glucose 1332:1338 10 g/L glucose 1325:1338 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %) 1325:1347 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 0 29 theme Difference 0:9 arg1 analysis 11:18 Difference analysis 0:18 Difference analysis of the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover before and after washing with water. 0:140 Difference analysis of the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover before and after washing with water. 27277746 3 30 theme weak 703:706 arg1 acids 708:712 weak acids 703:712 weak acids 703:712 Salts produced by neutralization (CaSO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, and (NH4)2SO4), sugars (polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides), sugar-degradation products (weak acids and furans), and lignin-degradation products (ethyl acetate extracts and nine main lignin-degradation products) were back-added to wASC. 27277746 7 31 theme ethyl 1394:1398 arg1 xylose 1268:1273 13 g/L xylose 1261:1273 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %) 1261:1295 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 7 31 theme ethyl 1394:1398 arg1 extracts 1408:1415 ethyl acetate extracts 1394:1415 ethyl acetate extracts 1394:1415 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 1 32 theme acid-catalyzed 194:207 arg1 ASC 237:239 ASC 237:239 ASC 237:239 The difference in the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover (ASC) before and after washing with water reached approximately 15 % under the same conditions. 27277746 1 32 theme acid-catalyzed 194:207 arg1 stover 229:234 acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover 194:234 acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover (ASC) 194:240 The difference in the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover (ASC) before and after washing with water reached approximately 15 % under the same conditions. 27277746 5 33 theme negative 1122:1129 arg1 effect 1142:1147 minimal negative inhibition effect 1114:1147 minimal negative inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis 1114:1171 According to the characteristics of acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment, the five sugar-degradation products' mixture and salts [Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4] showed minimal negative inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 5 34 dep NH4 1097:1099 arg1 2SO4 1101:1104 2SO4 1101:1104 2SO4 1101:1104 According to the characteristics of acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment, the five sugar-degradation products' mixture and salts [Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4] showed minimal negative inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 3 35 dep CaSO4 572:576 arg1 2SO4 603:606 (NH4)2SO4 598:606 (NH4)2SO4 598:606 Salts produced by neutralization (CaSO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, and (NH4)2SO4), sugars (polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides), sugar-degradation products (weak acids and furans), and lignin-degradation products (ethyl acetate extracts and nine main lignin-degradation products) were back-added to wASC. 27277746 3 35 dep CaSO4 572:576 arg1 Na2SO4 579:584 Na2SO4 579:584 Na2SO4 579:584 Salts produced by neutralization (CaSO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, and (NH4)2SO4), sugars (polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides), sugar-degradation products (weak acids and furans), and lignin-degradation products (ethyl acetate extracts and nine main lignin-degradation products) were back-added to wASC. 27277746 3 35 dep CaSO4 572:576 arg1 K2SO4 587:591 K2SO4 587:591 K2SO4 587:591 Salts produced by neutralization (CaSO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, and (NH4)2SO4), sugars (polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides), sugar-degradation products (weak acids and furans), and lignin-degradation products (ethyl acetate extracts and nine main lignin-degradation products) were back-added to wASC. 27277746 1 36 theme steam-exploded 209:222 arg1 ASC 237:239 ASC 237:239 ASC 237:239 The difference in the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover (ASC) before and after washing with water reached approximately 15 % under the same conditions. 27277746 1 36 theme steam-exploded 209:222 arg1 stover 229:234 acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover 194:234 acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover (ASC) 194:240 The difference in the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover (ASC) before and after washing with water reached approximately 15 % under the same conditions. 27277746 5 37 theme inhibition 1131:1140 arg1 effect 1142:1147 minimal negative inhibition effect 1114:1147 minimal negative inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis 1114:1171 According to the characteristics of acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment, the five sugar-degradation products' mixture and salts [Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4] showed minimal negative inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 8 38 theme lignin-degradation 1529:1546 arg1 products 1548:1555 lignin-degradation products 1529:1555 lignin-degradation products 1529:1555 Therefore, removal of soluble sugars and lignin-degradation products could effectively promote the enzymatic hydrolysis performance. 27277746 7 39 from effect 1456:1461 arg1 hydrolysis 1476:1485 enzymatic hydrolysis 1466:1485 enzymatic hydrolysis 1466:1485 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 1 40 theme corn 224:227 arg1 ASC 237:239 ASC 237:239 ASC 237:239 The difference in the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover (ASC) before and after washing with water reached approximately 15 % under the same conditions. 27277746 1 40 theme corn 224:227 arg1 stover 229:234 acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover 194:234 acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover (ASC) 194:240 The difference in the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover (ASC) before and after washing with water reached approximately 15 % under the same conditions. 27277746 0 41 theme hydrolysis 37:46 arg1 performance 48:58 the enzymatic hydrolysis performance 23:58 the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover before and after washing with water 23:139 Difference analysis of the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover before and after washing with water. 27277746 5 42 theme enzymatic 1152:1160 arg1 hydrolysis 1162:1171 enzymatic hydrolysis 1152:1171 enzymatic hydrolysis 1152:1171 According to the characteristics of acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment, the five sugar-degradation products' mixture and salts [Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4] showed minimal negative inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 2 43 theme hydrolyzate 525:535 arg1 prehydrolyzate 473:486 ASC prehydrolyzate 469:486 ASC prehydrolyzate 469:486 The reasons for the difference in the yield between ASC and washed ASC (wASC) were determined through the analysis of the composition of ASC prehydrolyzate and sugar concentration of enzymatic hydrolyzate. 27277746 2 43 theme hydrolyzate 525:535 arg1 concentration 498:510 sugar concentration 492:510 sugar concentration 492:510 The reasons for the difference in the yield between ASC and washed ASC (wASC) were determined through the analysis of the composition of ASC prehydrolyzate and sugar concentration of enzymatic hydrolyzate. 27277746 7 44 theme acetate 1400:1406 arg1 xylose 1268:1273 13 g/L xylose 1261:1273 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %) 1261:1295 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 7 44 theme acetate 1400:1406 arg1 extracts 1408:1415 ethyl acetate extracts 1394:1415 ethyl acetate extracts 1394:1415 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 1 45 theme stover 229:234 arg1 yield 185:189 the enzymatic hydrolysis yield 160:189 the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover (ASC) before and after washing with water 160:276 The difference in the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover (ASC) before and after washing with water reached approximately 15 % under the same conditions. 27277746 0 46 theme enzymatic 27:35 arg1 performance 48:58 the enzymatic hydrolysis performance 23:58 the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover before and after washing with water 23:139 Difference analysis of the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover before and after washing with water. 27277746 2 47 theme enzymatic 515:523 arg1 hydrolyzate 525:535 enzymatic hydrolyzate 515:535 enzymatic hydrolyzate 515:535 The reasons for the difference in the yield between ASC and washed ASC (wASC) were determined through the analysis of the composition of ASC prehydrolyzate and sugar concentration of enzymatic hydrolyzate. 27277746 3 48 theme NH4 599:601 arg1 2SO4 603:606 (NH4)2SO4 598:606 (NH4)2SO4 598:606 Salts produced by neutralization (CaSO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, and (NH4)2SO4), sugars (polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides), sugar-degradation products (weak acids and furans), and lignin-degradation products (ethyl acetate extracts and nine main lignin-degradation products) were back-added to wASC. 27277746 0 49 dep performance 48:58 arg1 before 105:110 before 105:110 before 105:110 Difference analysis of the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover before and after washing with water. 27277746 0 49 dep performance 48:58 arg1 washing 122:128 washing 122:128 washing with water 122:139 Difference analysis of the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover before and after washing with water. 27277746 7 50 theme 5 g/L 1298:1302 arg1 xylose 1268:1273 13 g/L xylose 1261:1273 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %) 1261:1295 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 7 50 theme 5 g/L 1298:1302 arg1 cellobiose 1304:1313 5 g/L cellobiose 1298:1313 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %) 1298:1322 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 7 50 theme 5 g/L 1298:1302 arg1 % 1321:1321 5.36 % 1316:1321 5.36 % 1316:1321 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 7 50 theme 5 g/L 1298:1302 arg1 % 1423:1423 4.87 % 1418:1423 4.87 % 1418:1423 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 2 51 theme washed 392:397 arg1 ASC 399:401 washed ASC 392:401 washed ASC (wASC) 392:408 The reasons for the difference in the yield between ASC and washed ASC (wASC) were determined through the analysis of the composition of ASC prehydrolyzate and sugar concentration of enzymatic hydrolyzate. 27277746 2 51 theme washed 392:397 arg1 wASC 404:407 wASC 404:407 wASC 404:407 The reasons for the difference in the yield between ASC and washed ASC (wASC) were determined through the analysis of the composition of ASC prehydrolyzate and sugar concentration of enzymatic hydrolyzate. 27277746 7 52 theme enzymatic 1466:1474 arg1 hydrolysis 1476:1485 enzymatic hydrolysis 1466:1485 enzymatic hydrolysis 1466:1485 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 5 53 dep salts 1081:1085 arg1 [Na2SO4 1087:1093 [Na2SO4 1087:1093 salts [Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4] 1081:1105 According to the characteristics of acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment, the five sugar-degradation products' mixture and salts [Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4] showed minimal negative inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 5 53 dep salts 1081:1085 arg1 NH4 1097:1099 NH4 1097:1099 NH4 1097:1099 According to the characteristics of acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment, the five sugar-degradation products' mixture and salts [Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4] showed minimal negative inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 0 54 theme acid-catalyzed 63:76 arg1 stover 98:103 acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover 63:103 acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover 63:103 Difference analysis of the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover before and after washing with water. 27277746 0 55 theme performance 48:58 arg1 analysis 11:18 Difference analysis 0:18 Difference analysis of the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover before and after washing with water. 0:140 Difference analysis of the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover before and after washing with water. 27277746 1 56 theme same 315:318 arg1 conditions 320:329 the same conditions 311:329 the same conditions 311:329 The difference in the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover (ASC) before and after washing with water reached approximately 15 % under the same conditions. 27277746 7 57 theme lignin-degradation 1361:1378 arg1 products 1380:1387 lignin-degradation products 1361:1387 lignin-degradation products 1361:1387 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 5 58 theme steam 1002:1006 arg1 pretreatment 1018:1029 acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment 987:1029 acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment 987:1029 According to the characteristics of acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment, the five sugar-degradation products' mixture and salts [Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4] showed minimal negative inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 1 59 dep yield 185:189 arg1 before 242:247 before 242:247 before 242:247 The difference in the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover (ASC) before and after washing with water reached approximately 15 % under the same conditions. 27277746 1 59 dep yield 185:189 arg1 washing 259:265 washing 259:265 washing with water 259:276 The difference in the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover (ASC) before and after washing with water reached approximately 15 % under the same conditions. 27277746 3 60 dep products 750:757 arg1 products 816:823 nine main lignin-degradation products 787:823 nine main lignin-degradation products 787:823 Salts produced by neutralization (CaSO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, and (NH4)2SO4), sugars (polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides), sugar-degradation products (weak acids and furans), and lignin-degradation products (ethyl acetate extracts and nine main lignin-degradation products) were back-added to wASC. 27277746 3 60 dep products 750:757 arg1 extracts 774:781 ethyl acetate extracts 760:781 ethyl acetate extracts 760:781 Salts produced by neutralization (CaSO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, and (NH4)2SO4), sugars (polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides), sugar-degradation products (weak acids and furans), and lignin-degradation products (ethyl acetate extracts and nine main lignin-degradation products) were back-added to wASC. 27277746 3 61 theme lignin-degradation 797:814 arg1 products 816:823 nine main lignin-degradation products 787:823 nine main lignin-degradation products 787:823 Salts produced by neutralization (CaSO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, and (NH4)2SO4), sugars (polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides), sugar-degradation products (weak acids and furans), and lignin-degradation products (ethyl acetate extracts and nine main lignin-degradation products) were back-added to wASC. 27277746 5 62 theme explosion 1008:1016 arg1 pretreatment 1018:1029 acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment 987:1029 acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment 987:1029 According to the characteristics of acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment, the five sugar-degradation products' mixture and salts [Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4] showed minimal negative inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 7 63 dep xylose 1268:1273 arg1 decreased 1276:1284 decreased 1276:1284 decreased by 6.38 % 1276:1294 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 5 64 theme pretreatment 1018:1029 arg1 characteristics 968:982 the characteristics 964:982 the characteristics of acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment 964:1029 According to the characteristics of acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment, the five sugar-degradation products' mixture and salts [Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4] showed minimal negative inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 5 65 theme acid-catalyzed 987:1000 arg1 pretreatment 1018:1029 acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment 987:1029 acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment 987:1029 According to the characteristics of acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment, the five sugar-degradation products' mixture and salts [Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4] showed minimal negative inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 0 66 theme steam-exploded 78:91 arg1 stover 98:103 acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover 63:103 acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover 63:103 Difference analysis of the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover before and after washing with water. 27277746 3 67 theme main 792:795 arg1 products 816:823 nine main lignin-degradation products 787:823 nine main lignin-degradation products 787:823 Salts produced by neutralization (CaSO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, and (NH4)2SO4), sugars (polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides), sugar-degradation products (weak acids and furans), and lignin-degradation products (ethyl acetate extracts and nine main lignin-degradation products) were back-added to wASC. 27277746 7 68 theme inhibition 1445:1454 arg1 effect 1456:1461 evident inhibition effect 1437:1461 evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis 1437:1485 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 2 69 theme ASC 469:471 arg1 prehydrolyzate 473:486 ASC prehydrolyzate 469:486 ASC prehydrolyzate 469:486 The reasons for the difference in the yield between ASC and washed ASC (wASC) were determined through the analysis of the composition of ASC prehydrolyzate and sugar concentration of enzymatic hydrolyzate. 27277746 3 70 dep products 693:700 arg1 furans 718:723 furans 718:723 furans 718:723 Salts produced by neutralization (CaSO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, and (NH4)2SO4), sugars (polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides), sugar-degradation products (weak acids and furans), and lignin-degradation products (ethyl acetate extracts and nine main lignin-degradation products) were back-added to wASC. 27277746 3 70 dep products 693:700 arg1 acids 708:712 weak acids 703:712 weak acids 703:712 Salts produced by neutralization (CaSO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, and (NH4)2SO4), sugars (polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides), sugar-degradation products (weak acids and furans), and lignin-degradation products (ethyl acetate extracts and nine main lignin-degradation products) were back-added to wASC. 27277746 7 71 theme soluble 1237:1243 arg1 xylose 1268:1273 13 g/L xylose 1261:1273 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %) 1261:1295 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 7 71 theme soluble 1237:1243 arg1 sugars 1245:1250 soluble sugars 1237:1250 soluble sugars 1237:1250 Moreover, soluble sugars, such as 13 g/L xylose (decreased by 6.38 %), 5 g/L cellobiose (5.36 %), 10 g/L glucose (3.67 %), as well as lignin-degradation products, and ethyl acetate extracts (4.87 %), exhibited evident inhibition effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. 27277746 8 72 theme sugars 1518:1523 arg1 removal 1499:1505 removal 1499:1505 removal of soluble sugars and lignin-degradation products 1499:1555 Therefore, removal of soluble sugars and lignin-degradation products could effectively promote the enzymatic hydrolysis performance. 27277746 3 73 theme lignin-degradation 731:748 arg1 products 750:757 lignin-degradation products 731:757 lignin-degradation products (ethyl acetate extracts and nine main lignin-degradation products) 731:824 Salts produced by neutralization (CaSO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, and (NH4)2SO4), sugars (polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides), sugar-degradation products (weak acids and furans), and lignin-degradation products (ethyl acetate extracts and nine main lignin-degradation products) were back-added to wASC. 25034329 0 0 theme green 77:81 arg1 protein 95:101 glycosylatable green fluorescent protein 62:101 glycosylatable green fluorescent protein in mammalian cells 62:120 Live-cell topology assessment of URG7, MRP6₁₀₂ and SP-C using glycosylatable green fluorescent protein in mammalian cells. 25034329 1 1 theme membrane 155:162 arg1 topology 164:171 membrane topology 155:171 membrane topology of a protein 155:184 Experimental tools to determine membrane topology of a protein are rather limited in higher eukaryotic organisms. 25034329 0 2 theme glycosylatable 62:75 arg1 protein 95:101 glycosylatable green fluorescent protein 62:101 glycosylatable green fluorescent protein in mammalian cells 62:120 Live-cell topology assessment of URG7, MRP6₁₀₂ and SP-C using glycosylatable green fluorescent protein in mammalian cells. 25034329 2 3 theme membrane 319:326 arg1 reporter 337:344 a sensitive and versatile membrane topology reporter 293:344 a sensitive and versatile membrane topology reporter in mammalian cells 293:363 Here, we report the use of glycosylatable GFP (gGFP) as a sensitive and versatile membrane topology reporter in mammalian cells. 25034329 8 4 theme minor 912:916 arg1 population 918:927 A minor population 910:927 A minor population of untargeted SP-C 910:946 A minor population of untargeted SP-C is removed by proteasome dependent quality control system. 25034329 2 5 theme GFP 279:281 arg1 use 257:259 the use 253:259 the use of glycosylatable GFP (gGFP) as a sensitive and versatile membrane topology reporter in mammalian cells 253:363 Here, we report the use of glycosylatable GFP (gGFP) as a sensitive and versatile membrane topology reporter in mammalian cells. 25034329 0 6 theme fluorescent 83:93 arg1 protein 95:101 glycosylatable green fluorescent protein 62:101 glycosylatable green fluorescent protein in mammalian cells 62:120 Live-cell topology assessment of URG7, MRP6₁₀₂ and SP-C using glycosylatable green fluorescent protein in mammalian cells. 25034329 1 7 dep tools 136:140 arg1 determine 145:153 determine 145:153 to determine membrane topology of a protein 142:184 Experimental tools to determine membrane topology of a protein are rather limited in higher eukaryotic organisms. 25034329 2 8 theme topology 328:335 arg1 reporter 337:344 a sensitive and versatile membrane topology reporter 293:344 a sensitive and versatile membrane topology reporter in mammalian cells 293:363 Here, we report the use of glycosylatable GFP (gGFP) as a sensitive and versatile membrane topology reporter in mammalian cells. 25034329 4 9 theme glycosylated 563:574 arg1 status 576:581 a glycosylated status 561:581 a glycosylated status of gGFP 561:589 Thus, positive fluorescence signal assigns location of gGFP to the cytosol whereas no fluorescence signal and a glycosylated status of gGFP map the location of gGFP to the ER lumen. 25034329 0 10 theme mammalian 106:114 arg1 cells 116:120 mammalian cells 106:120 mammalian cells 106:120 Live-cell topology assessment of URG7, MRP6₁₀₂ and SP-C using glycosylatable green fluorescent protein in mammalian cells. 25034329 4 11 theme ER 623:624 arg1 lumen 626:630 the ER lumen 619:630 the ER lumen 619:630 Thus, positive fluorescence signal assigns location of gGFP to the cytosol whereas no fluorescence signal and a glycosylated status of gGFP map the location of gGFP to the ER lumen. 25034329 5 12 theme proteins 711:718 arg1 gGFP 652:655 mammalian gGFP 642:655 mammalian gGFP 642:655 By using mammalian gGFP, the membrane topology of disease-associated membrane proteins, URG7, MRP6102, SP-C(Val) and SP-C(Leu) was confirmed. 25034329 5 12 theme proteins 711:718 arg1 topology 671:678 the membrane topology 658:678 the membrane topology of disease-associated membrane proteins 658:718 By using mammalian gGFP, the membrane topology of disease-associated membrane proteins, URG7, MRP6102, SP-C(Val) and SP-C(Leu) was confirmed. 25034329 4 13 theme fluorescence 466:477 arg1 signal 479:484 positive fluorescence signal 457:484 positive fluorescence signal 457:484 Thus, positive fluorescence signal assigns location of gGFP to the cytosol whereas no fluorescence signal and a glycosylated status of gGFP map the location of gGFP to the ER lumen. 25034329 3 14 link N-linked 411:418 arg1 glycosylation 420:432 N-linked glycosylation 411:432 N-linked glycosylation in the ER lumen 411:448 gGFP selectively loses its fluorescence upon N-linked glycosylation in the ER lumen. 25034329 5 15 theme membrane 702:709 arg1 proteins 711:718 disease-associated membrane proteins 683:718 disease-associated membrane proteins 683:718 By using mammalian gGFP, the membrane topology of disease-associated membrane proteins, URG7, MRP6102, SP-C(Val) and SP-C(Leu) was confirmed. 25034329 0 16 theme topology 10:17 arg1 assessment 19:28 Live-cell topology assessment 0:28 Live-cell topology assessment of URG7, MRP6₁₀₂ and SP-C using glycosylatable green fluorescent protein in mammalian cells. 0:121 Live-cell topology assessment of URG7, MRP6₁₀₂ and SP-C using glycosylatable green fluorescent protein in mammalian cells. 25034329 4 17 theme positive 457:464 arg1 signal 479:484 positive fluorescence signal 457:484 positive fluorescence signal 457:484 Thus, positive fluorescence signal assigns location of gGFP to the cytosol whereas no fluorescence signal and a glycosylated status of gGFP map the location of gGFP to the ER lumen. 25034329 8 18 theme SP-C 943:946 arg1 population 918:927 A minor population 910:927 A minor population of untargeted SP-C 910:946 A minor population of untargeted SP-C is removed by proteasome dependent quality control system. 25034329 1 19 theme protein 178:184 arg1 topology 164:171 membrane topology 155:171 membrane topology of a protein 155:184 Experimental tools to determine membrane topology of a protein are rather limited in higher eukaryotic organisms. 25034329 0 20 theme Live-cell 0:8 arg1 assessment 19:28 Live-cell topology assessment 0:28 Live-cell topology assessment of URG7, MRP6₁₀₂ and SP-C using glycosylatable green fluorescent protein in mammalian cells. 0:121 Live-cell topology assessment of URG7, MRP6₁₀₂ and SP-C using glycosylatable green fluorescent protein in mammalian cells. 25034329 8 21 theme untargeted 932:941 arg1 SP-C 943:946 untargeted SP-C 932:946 untargeted SP-C 932:946 A minor population of untargeted SP-C is removed by proteasome dependent quality control system. 25034329 4 22 gly glycosylated 563:574 arg1 status 576:581 a glycosylated status 561:581 a glycosylated status of gGFP 561:589 Thus, positive fluorescence signal assigns location of gGFP to the cytosol whereas no fluorescence signal and a glycosylated status of gGFP map the location of gGFP to the ER lumen. 25034329 2 23 theme mammalian 349:357 arg1 cells 359:363 mammalian cells 349:363 mammalian cells 349:363 Here, we report the use of glycosylatable GFP (gGFP) as a sensitive and versatile membrane topology reporter in mammalian cells. 25034329 2 24 from reporter 337:344 arg1 cells 359:363 mammalian cells 349:363 mammalian cells 349:363 Here, we report the use of glycosylatable GFP (gGFP) as a sensitive and versatile membrane topology reporter in mammalian cells. 25034329 2 25 theme glycosylatable 264:277 arg1 gGFP 284:287 gGFP 284:287 gGFP 284:287 Here, we report the use of glycosylatable GFP (gGFP) as a sensitive and versatile membrane topology reporter in mammalian cells. 25034329 2 25 theme glycosylatable 264:277 arg1 GFP 279:281 glycosylatable GFP 264:281 glycosylatable GFP (gGFP) 264:288 Here, we report the use of glycosylatable GFP (gGFP) as a sensitive and versatile membrane topology reporter in mammalian cells. 25034329 7 26 from membrane 887:894 arg1 form 904:907 Cout form 899:907 Cout form 899:907 MRP6102 and SP-C(Leu/Val) are inserted into the membrane in Cout form. 25034329 4 27 theme fluorescence 537:548 arg1 signal 550:555 no fluorescence signal 534:555 no fluorescence signal 534:555 Thus, positive fluorescence signal assigns location of gGFP to the cytosol whereas no fluorescence signal and a glycosylated status of gGFP map the location of gGFP to the ER lumen. 25034329 5 28 theme membrane 662:669 arg1 gGFP 652:655 mammalian gGFP 642:655 mammalian gGFP 642:655 By using mammalian gGFP, the membrane topology of disease-associated membrane proteins, URG7, MRP6102, SP-C(Val) and SP-C(Leu) was confirmed. 25034329 5 28 theme membrane 662:669 arg1 topology 671:678 the membrane topology 658:678 the membrane topology of disease-associated membrane proteins 658:718 By using mammalian gGFP, the membrane topology of disease-associated membrane proteins, URG7, MRP6102, SP-C(Val) and SP-C(Leu) was confirmed. 25034329 4 29 theme gGFP 611:614 arg1 location 599:606 the location 595:606 the location of gGFP 595:614 Thus, positive fluorescence signal assigns location of gGFP to the cytosol whereas no fluorescence signal and a glycosylated status of gGFP map the location of gGFP to the ER lumen. 25034329 3 30 theme N-linked 411:418 arg1 glycosylation 420:432 N-linked glycosylation 411:432 N-linked glycosylation in the ER lumen 411:448 gGFP selectively loses its fluorescence upon N-linked glycosylation in the ER lumen. 25034329 0 31 theme URG7 33:36 arg1 assessment 19:28 Live-cell topology assessment 0:28 Live-cell topology assessment of URG7, MRP6₁₀₂ and SP-C using glycosylatable green fluorescent protein in mammalian cells. 0:121 Live-cell topology assessment of URG7, MRP6₁₀₂ and SP-C using glycosylatable green fluorescent protein in mammalian cells. 25034329 1 32 theme higher 208:213 arg1 organisms 226:234 higher eukaryotic organisms 208:234 higher eukaryotic organisms 208:234 Experimental tools to determine membrane topology of a protein are rather limited in higher eukaryotic organisms. 25034329 4 33 theme gGFP 506:509 arg1 location 494:501 location 494:501 location of gGFP to the cytosol 494:524 Thus, positive fluorescence signal assigns location of gGFP to the cytosol whereas no fluorescence signal and a glycosylated status of gGFP map the location of gGFP to the ER lumen. 25034329 8 34 theme quality 983:989 arg1 system 999:1004 proteasome dependent quality control system 962:1004 proteasome dependent quality control system 962:1004 A minor population of untargeted SP-C is removed by proteasome dependent quality control system. 25034329 7 35 theme Cout 899:902 arg1 form 904:907 Cout form 899:907 Cout form 899:907 MRP6102 and SP-C(Leu/Val) are inserted into the membrane in Cout form. 25034329 2 36 theme versatile 309:317 arg1 reporter 337:344 a sensitive and versatile membrane topology reporter 293:344 a sensitive and versatile membrane topology reporter in mammalian cells 293:363 Here, we report the use of glycosylatable GFP (gGFP) as a sensitive and versatile membrane topology reporter in mammalian cells. 25034329 0 37 theme MRP6₁₀₂ 39:45 arg1 assessment 19:28 Live-cell topology assessment 0:28 Live-cell topology assessment of URG7, MRP6₁₀₂ and SP-C using glycosylatable green fluorescent protein in mammalian cells. 0:121 Live-cell topology assessment of URG7, MRP6₁₀₂ and SP-C using glycosylatable green fluorescent protein in mammalian cells. 25034329 8 38 theme dependent 973:981 arg1 system 999:1004 proteasome dependent quality control system 962:1004 proteasome dependent quality control system 962:1004 A minor population of untargeted SP-C is removed by proteasome dependent quality control system. 25034329 6 39 theme Cin 829:831 arg1 form 833:836 Cin form 829:836 Cin form 829:836 URG7 is partially targeted to the ER, and inserted in Cin form. 25034329 5 40 theme mammalian 642:650 arg1 topology 671:678 the membrane topology 658:678 the membrane topology of disease-associated membrane proteins 658:718 By using mammalian gGFP, the membrane topology of disease-associated membrane proteins, URG7, MRP6102, SP-C(Val) and SP-C(Leu) was confirmed. 25034329 5 40 theme mammalian 642:650 arg1 URG7 721:724 URG7 721:724 URG7 721:724 By using mammalian gGFP, the membrane topology of disease-associated membrane proteins, URG7, MRP6102, SP-C(Val) and SP-C(Leu) was confirmed. 25034329 5 40 theme mammalian 642:650 arg1 gGFP 652:655 mammalian gGFP 642:655 mammalian gGFP 642:655 By using mammalian gGFP, the membrane topology of disease-associated membrane proteins, URG7, MRP6102, SP-C(Val) and SP-C(Leu) was confirmed. 25034329 5 40 theme mammalian 642:650 arg1 MRP6102 727:733 MRP6102 727:733 MRP6102 727:733 By using mammalian gGFP, the membrane topology of disease-associated membrane proteins, URG7, MRP6102, SP-C(Val) and SP-C(Leu) was confirmed. 25034329 1 41 theme Experimental 123:134 arg1 tools 136:140 Experimental tools 123:140 Experimental tools to determine membrane topology of a protein 123:184 Experimental tools to determine membrane topology of a protein are rather limited in higher eukaryotic organisms. 25034329 1 42 theme eukaryotic 215:224 arg1 organisms 226:234 higher eukaryotic organisms 208:234 higher eukaryotic organisms 208:234 Experimental tools to determine membrane topology of a protein are rather limited in higher eukaryotic organisms. 25034329 8 43 theme control 991:997 arg1 system 999:1004 proteasome dependent quality control system 962:1004 proteasome dependent quality control system 962:1004 A minor population of untargeted SP-C is removed by proteasome dependent quality control system. 25034329 0 44 from protein 95:101 arg1 cells 116:120 mammalian cells 106:120 mammalian cells 106:120 Live-cell topology assessment of URG7, MRP6₁₀₂ and SP-C using glycosylatable green fluorescent protein in mammalian cells. 25034329 3 45 gly glycosylation 420:432 arg1 lumen 444:448 the ER lumen 437:448 the ER lumen 437:448 gGFP selectively loses its fluorescence upon N-linked glycosylation in the ER lumen. 25034329 2 46 theme sensitive 295:303 arg1 reporter 337:344 a sensitive and versatile membrane topology reporter 293:344 a sensitive and versatile membrane topology reporter in mammalian cells 293:363 Here, we report the use of glycosylatable GFP (gGFP) as a sensitive and versatile membrane topology reporter in mammalian cells. 25034329 3 47 theme ER 441:442 arg1 lumen 444:448 the ER lumen 437:448 the ER lumen 437:448 gGFP selectively loses its fluorescence upon N-linked glycosylation in the ER lumen. 25034329 0 48 theme SP-C 51:54 arg1 assessment 19:28 Live-cell topology assessment 0:28 Live-cell topology assessment of URG7, MRP6₁₀₂ and SP-C using glycosylatable green fluorescent protein in mammalian cells. 0:121 Live-cell topology assessment of URG7, MRP6₁₀₂ and SP-C using glycosylatable green fluorescent protein in mammalian cells. 25034329 3 49 from glycosylation 420:432 arg1 lumen 444:448 the ER lumen 437:448 the ER lumen 437:448 gGFP selectively loses its fluorescence upon N-linked glycosylation in the ER lumen. 25034329 4 50 theme gGFP 586:589 arg1 status 576:581 a glycosylated status 561:581 a glycosylated status of gGFP 561:589 Thus, positive fluorescence signal assigns location of gGFP to the cytosol whereas no fluorescence signal and a glycosylated status of gGFP map the location of gGFP to the ER lumen. 25034329 4 50 theme gGFP 586:589 arg1 signal 550:555 no fluorescence signal 534:555 no fluorescence signal 534:555 Thus, positive fluorescence signal assigns location of gGFP to the cytosol whereas no fluorescence signal and a glycosylated status of gGFP map the location of gGFP to the ER lumen. 25034329 5 51 theme disease-associated 683:700 arg1 proteins 711:718 disease-associated membrane proteins 683:718 disease-associated membrane proteins 683:718 By using mammalian gGFP, the membrane topology of disease-associated membrane proteins, URG7, MRP6102, SP-C(Val) and SP-C(Leu) was confirmed. 29306432 0 0 theme O-GlcNAc 59:66 arg1 Glycosylation 68:80 O-GlcNAc Glycosylation 59:80 O-GlcNAc Glycosylation 59:80 Methods for the Detection, Study, and Dynamic Profiling of O-GlcNAc Glycosylation. 29306432 4 1 from roles 646:650 arg1 regulation 659:668 the regulation 655:668 the regulation of individual proteins, complex cellular processes, and disease 655:732 Thus, robust methods to study O-GlcNAcylation are essential to elucidate its key roles in the regulation of individual proteins, complex cellular processes, and disease. 29306432 5 2 theme labeling 788:795 arg1 methods 797:803 chemoenzymatic labeling methods 773:803 chemoenzymatic labeling methods 773:803 In this chapter, we describe a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest, and (3) enable mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins to facilitate functional studies. 29306432 8 3 theme click 1447:1451 arg1 reaction 1454:1461 the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction 1398:1461 the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction 1398:1461 Finally, we discuss several applications of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction to attach various alkyne-containing chemical probes to GalNAz and demonstrate how this functionalization of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins can be used to realize (1)-(3) above. 29306432 2 4 theme physiological 369:381 arg1 processes 400:408 physiological and pathological processes 369:408 physiological and pathological processes 369:408 Like phosphorylation, O-GlcNAc glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is inducible and regulates a myriad of physiological and pathological processes. 29306432 8 5 theme cycloaddition 1432:1444 arg1 reaction 1454:1461 the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction 1398:1461 the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction 1398:1461 Finally, we discuss several applications of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction to attach various alkyne-containing chemical probes to GalNAz and demonstrate how this functionalization of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins can be used to realize (1)-(3) above. 29306432 5 6 theme methods 797:803 arg1 set 766:768 a set 764:768 a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest 764:968 In this chapter, we describe a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest, and (3) enable mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins to facilitate functional studies. 29306432 5 6 theme methods 797:803 arg1 methods 797:803 chemoenzymatic labeling methods 773:803 chemoenzymatic labeling methods 773:803 In this chapter, we describe a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest, and (3) enable mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins to facilitate functional studies. 29306432 9 7 theme important 1804:1812 arg1 functions 1814:1822 the diverse and important functions 1788:1822 the diverse and important functions of O-GlcNAcylation 1788:1841 Overall, these methods, which utilize commercially available reagents and standard protein analytical tools, will serve to advance our understanding of the diverse and important functions of O-GlcNAcylation. 29306432 1 8 theme serine/threonine 144:159 arg1 proteins 173:180 proteins 173:180 proteins 173:180 The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms. 29306432 1 8 theme serine/threonine 144:159 arg1 residues 161:168 serine/threonine residues 144:168 serine/threonine residues of proteins 144:180 The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms. 29306432 6 9 dep expression 1132:1141 arg1 the 1128:1130 the 1128:1130 the 1128:1130 First, we outline a procedure for the expression and purification of a multiuse mutant galactosyltransferase enzyme (Y289L GalT). 29306432 5 10 dep detect 812:817 arg1 1 809:809 1 809:809 1 809:809 In this chapter, we describe a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest, and (3) enable mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins to facilitate functional studies. 29306432 5 10 dep detect 812:817 arg1 monitor 864:870 monitor 864:870 (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest 860:968 In this chapter, we describe a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest, and (3) enable mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins to facilitate functional studies. 29306432 6 11 theme multiuse 1165:1172 arg1 enzyme 1203:1208 a multiuse mutant galactosyltransferase enzyme 1163:1208 a multiuse mutant galactosyltransferase enzyme (Y289L GalT) 1163:1221 First, we outline a procedure for the expression and purification of a multiuse mutant galactosyltransferase enzyme (Y289L GalT). 29306432 6 11 theme multiuse 1165:1172 arg1 GalT 1217:1220 Y289L GalT 1211:1220 Y289L GalT 1211:1220 First, we outline a procedure for the expression and purification of a multiuse mutant galactosyltransferase enzyme (Y289L GalT). 29306432 8 12 theme copper-catalyzed 1402:1417 arg1 reaction 1454:1461 the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction 1398:1461 the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction 1398:1461 Finally, we discuss several applications of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction to attach various alkyne-containing chemical probes to GalNAz and demonstrate how this functionalization of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins can be used to realize (1)-(3) above. 29306432 0 13 theme Glycosylation 68:80 arg1 Study 27:31 Study 27:31 Study 27:31 Methods for the Detection, Study, and Dynamic Profiling of O-GlcNAc Glycosylation. 29306432 0 13 theme Glycosylation 68:80 arg1 Detection 16:24 Detection 16:24 Detection 16:24 Methods for the Detection, Study, and Dynamic Profiling of O-GlcNAc Glycosylation. 29306432 0 13 theme Glycosylation 68:80 arg1 Profiling 46:54 Dynamic Profiling 38:54 Dynamic Profiling 38:54 Methods for the Detection, Study, and Dynamic Profiling of O-GlcNAc Glycosylation. 29306432 5 14 theme interest 961:968 arg1 proteins 949:956 proteins 949:956 proteins of interest 949:968 In this chapter, we describe a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest, and (3) enable mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins to facilitate functional studies. 29306432 9 15 theme protein 1719:1725 arg1 tools 1738:1742 standard protein analytical tools 1710:1742 standard protein analytical tools 1710:1742 Overall, these methods, which utilize commercially available reagents and standard protein analytical tools, will serve to advance our understanding of the diverse and important functions of O-GlcNAcylation. 29306432 8 16 theme several 1374:1380 arg1 applications 1382:1393 several applications 1374:1393 several applications of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction 1374:1461 Finally, we discuss several applications of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction to attach various alkyne-containing chemical probes to GalNAz and demonstrate how this functionalization of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins can be used to realize (1)-(3) above. 29306432 5 17 theme interest 850:857 arg1 proteins 838:845 proteins 838:845 proteins of interest 838:857 In this chapter, we describe a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest, and (3) enable mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins to facilitate functional studies. 29306432 2 18 theme O-GlcNAc 289:296 arg1 glycosylation 298:310 O-GlcNAc glycosylation 289:310 O-GlcNAc glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) 289:328 Like phosphorylation, O-GlcNAc glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is inducible and regulates a myriad of physiological and pathological processes. 29306432 2 18 theme O-GlcNAc 289:296 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 313:327 O-GlcNAcylation 313:327 O-GlcNAcylation 313:327 Like phosphorylation, O-GlcNAc glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is inducible and regulates a myriad of physiological and pathological processes. 29306432 1 19 theme proteins 173:180 arg1 proteins 173:180 proteins 173:180 proteins 173:180 The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms. 29306432 1 19 theme proteins 173:180 arg1 residues 161:168 serine/threonine residues 144:168 serine/threonine residues of proteins 144:180 The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms. 29306432 4 20 theme complex 694:700 arg1 processes 711:719 complex cellular processes 694:719 complex cellular processes 694:719 Thus, robust methods to study O-GlcNAcylation are essential to elucidate its key roles in the regulation of individual proteins, complex cellular processes, and disease. 29306432 5 21 theme total 892:896 arg1 levels 898:903 the total levels 888:903 the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation 888:922 In this chapter, we describe a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest, and (3) enable mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins to facilitate functional studies. 29306432 5 22 from O-GlcNAcylation 819:833 arg1 proteins 838:845 proteins 838:845 proteins of interest 838:857 In this chapter, we describe a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest, and (3) enable mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins to facilitate functional studies. 29306432 4 23 theme processes 711:719 arg1 regulation 659:668 the regulation 655:668 the regulation of individual proteins, complex cellular processes, and disease 655:732 Thus, robust methods to study O-GlcNAcylation are essential to elucidate its key roles in the regulation of individual proteins, complex cellular processes, and disease. 29306432 4 24 theme study 589:593 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 595:609 study O-GlcNAcylation 589:609 study O-GlcNAcylation 589:609 Thus, robust methods to study O-GlcNAcylation are essential to elucidate its key roles in the regulation of individual proteins, complex cellular processes, and disease. 29306432 5 25 dep enable 979:984 arg1 3 976:976 3 976:976 3 976:976 In this chapter, we describe a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest, and (3) enable mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins to facilitate functional studies. 29306432 3 26 theme O-GlcNAcylation 459:473 arg1 functions 446:454 the diverse functions 434:454 the diverse functions of O-GlcNAcylation 434:473 However, understanding the diverse functions of O-GlcNAcylation is often challenging due to the difficulty of detecting and quantifying the modification. 29306432 8 27 theme azide-alkyne 1419:1430 arg1 reaction 1454:1461 the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction 1398:1461 the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction 1398:1461 Finally, we discuss several applications of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction to attach various alkyne-containing chemical probes to GalNAz and demonstrate how this functionalization of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins can be used to realize (1)-(3) above. 29306432 5 28 theme functional 1074:1083 arg1 studies 1085:1091 functional studies 1074:1091 functional studies 1074:1091 In this chapter, we describe a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest, and (3) enable mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins to facilitate functional studies. 29306432 6 29 theme Y289L 1211:1215 arg1 enzyme 1203:1208 a multiuse mutant galactosyltransferase enzyme 1163:1208 a multiuse mutant galactosyltransferase enzyme (Y289L GalT) 1163:1221 First, we outline a procedure for the expression and purification of a multiuse mutant galactosyltransferase enzyme (Y289L GalT). 29306432 6 29 theme Y289L 1211:1215 arg1 GalT 1217:1220 Y289L GalT 1211:1220 Y289L GalT 1211:1220 First, we outline a procedure for the expression and purification of a multiuse mutant galactosyltransferase enzyme (Y289L GalT). 29306432 7 30 theme O-GlcNAc 1273:1280 arg1 residues 1282:1289 O-GlcNAc residues 1273:1289 O-GlcNAc residues 1273:1289 We then describe the use of Y289L GalT to modify O-GlcNAc residues with a functional handle, N-azidoacetylgalactosamine (GalNAz). 29306432 9 31 theme diverse 1792:1798 arg1 functions 1814:1822 the diverse and important functions 1788:1822 the diverse and important functions of O-GlcNAcylation 1788:1841 Overall, these methods, which utilize commercially available reagents and standard protein analytical tools, will serve to advance our understanding of the diverse and important functions of O-GlcNAcylation. 29306432 5 32 theme O-GlcNAcylation 908:922 arg1 stoichiometry 932:944 its stoichiometry 928:944 its stoichiometry 928:944 In this chapter, we describe a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest, and (3) enable mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins to facilitate functional studies. 29306432 5 32 theme O-GlcNAcylation 908:922 arg1 levels 898:903 the total levels 888:903 the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation 888:922 In this chapter, we describe a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest, and (3) enable mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins to facilitate functional studies. 29306432 4 33 theme disease 726:732 arg1 regulation 659:668 the regulation 655:668 the regulation of individual proteins, complex cellular processes, and disease 655:732 Thus, robust methods to study O-GlcNAcylation are essential to elucidate its key roles in the regulation of individual proteins, complex cellular processes, and disease. 29306432 8 34 theme O-GlcNAc-modified 1571:1587 arg1 proteins 1589:1596 O-GlcNAc-modified proteins 1571:1596 O-GlcNAc-modified proteins 1571:1596 Finally, we discuss several applications of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction to attach various alkyne-containing chemical probes to GalNAz and demonstrate how this functionalization of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins can be used to realize (1)-(3) above. 29306432 1 35 theme ubiquitous 187:196 arg1 addition 87:94 The addition 83:94 The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins 83:180 The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms. 29306432 1 35 theme ubiquitous 187:196 arg1 modification 216:227 a ubiquitous posttranslational modification 185:227 a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms 185:264 The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms. 29306432 3 36 theme diverse 438:444 arg1 functions 446:454 the diverse functions 434:454 the diverse functions of O-GlcNAcylation 434:473 However, understanding the diverse functions of O-GlcNAcylation is often challenging due to the difficulty of detecting and quantifying the modification. 29306432 7 37 theme GalT 1258:1261 arg1 use 1245:1247 the use 1241:1247 the use of Y289L GalT to modify O-GlcNAc residues with a functional handle, N-azidoacetylgalactosamine (GalNAz) 1241:1351 We then describe the use of Y289L GalT to modify O-GlcNAc residues with a functional handle, N-azidoacetylgalactosamine (GalNAz). 29306432 1 38 theme posttranslational 198:214 arg1 addition 87:94 The addition 83:94 The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins 83:180 The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms. 29306432 1 38 theme posttranslational 198:214 arg1 modification 216:227 a ubiquitous posttranslational modification 185:227 a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms 185:264 The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms. 29306432 5 39 dep monitor 864:870 arg1 2 861:861 2 861:861 2 861:861 In this chapter, we describe a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest, and (3) enable mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins to facilitate functional studies. 29306432 2 40 theme processes 400:408 arg1 myriad 359:364 a myriad 357:364 a myriad of physiological and pathological processes 357:408 Like phosphorylation, O-GlcNAc glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is inducible and regulates a myriad of physiological and pathological processes. 29306432 4 41 theme proteins 684:691 arg1 regulation 659:668 the regulation 655:668 the regulation of individual proteins, complex cellular processes, and disease 655:732 Thus, robust methods to study O-GlcNAcylation are essential to elucidate its key roles in the regulation of individual proteins, complex cellular processes, and disease. 29306432 7 42 theme functional 1298:1307 arg1 N-azidoacetylgalactosamine 1317:1342 N-azidoacetylgalactosamine 1317:1342 N-azidoacetylgalactosamine (GalNAz) 1317:1351 We then describe the use of Y289L GalT to modify O-GlcNAc residues with a functional handle, N-azidoacetylgalactosamine (GalNAz). 29306432 7 42 theme functional 1298:1307 arg1 handle 1309:1314 a functional handle 1296:1314 a functional handle 1296:1314 We then describe the use of Y289L GalT to modify O-GlcNAc residues with a functional handle, N-azidoacetylgalactosamine (GalNAz). 29306432 9 43 theme available 1687:1695 arg1 reagents 1697:1704 reagents 1697:1704 reagents 1697:1704 Overall, these methods, which utilize commercially available reagents and standard protein analytical tools, will serve to advance our understanding of the diverse and important functions of O-GlcNAcylation. 29306432 8 44 theme " 1452:1452 arg1 reaction 1454:1461 the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction 1398:1461 the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction 1398:1461 Finally, we discuss several applications of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction to attach various alkyne-containing chemical probes to GalNAz and demonstrate how this functionalization of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins can be used to realize (1)-(3) above. 29306432 1 45 located found 229:233 arg2 modification 216:227 a ubiquitous posttranslational modification 185:227 a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms 185:264 The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms. 29306432 1 45 located found 229:233 arg2 addition 87:94 The addition 83:94 The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins 83:180 The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms. 29306432 1 45 located found 229:233 arg1 organisms 256:264 all multicellular organisms 238:264 all multicellular organisms 238:264 The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms. 29306432 4 46 theme individual 673:682 arg1 proteins 684:691 individual proteins 673:691 individual proteins 673:691 Thus, robust methods to study O-GlcNAcylation are essential to elucidate its key roles in the regulation of individual proteins, complex cellular processes, and disease. 29306432 9 47 theme functions 1814:1822 arg1 understanding 1771:1783 our understanding 1767:1783 our understanding of the diverse and important functions of O-GlcNAcylation 1767:1841 Overall, these methods, which utilize commercially available reagents and standard protein analytical tools, will serve to advance our understanding of the diverse and important functions of O-GlcNAcylation. 29306432 8 48 theme proteins 1589:1596 arg1 functionalization 1550:1566 this functionalization 1545:1566 this functionalization of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins 1545:1596 Finally, we discuss several applications of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction to attach various alkyne-containing chemical probes to GalNAz and demonstrate how this functionalization of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins can be used to realize (1)-(3) above. 29306432 5 49 theme chemoenzymatic 773:786 arg1 methods 797:803 chemoenzymatic labeling methods 773:803 chemoenzymatic labeling methods 773:803 In this chapter, we describe a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest, and (3) enable mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins to facilitate functional studies. 29306432 5 50 theme O-GlcNAc 997:1004 arg1 mapping 986:992 mapping 986:992 mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins 986:1058 In this chapter, we describe a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest, and (3) enable mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins to facilitate functional studies. 29306432 7 51 theme Y289L 1252:1256 arg1 GalT 1258:1261 Y289L GalT 1252:1261 Y289L GalT 1252:1261 We then describe the use of Y289L GalT to modify O-GlcNAc residues with a functional handle, N-azidoacetylgalactosamine (GalNAz). 29306432 5 52 theme specific 1009:1016 arg1 residues 1035:1042 specific serine/threonine residues 1009:1042 specific serine/threonine residues within proteins 1009:1058 In this chapter, we describe a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest, and (3) enable mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins to facilitate functional studies. 29306432 5 53 theme serine/threonine 1018:1033 arg1 residues 1035:1042 specific serine/threonine residues 1009:1042 specific serine/threonine residues within proteins 1009:1058 In this chapter, we describe a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest, and (3) enable mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins to facilitate functional studies. 29306432 1 54 theme O-linked 99:106 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 108:128 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 99:128 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 99:139 The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms. 29306432 1 54 theme O-linked 99:106 arg1 O-GlcNAc 131:138 O-GlcNAc 131:138 O-GlcNAc 131:138 The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms. 29306432 9 55 theme O-GlcNAcylation 1827:1841 arg1 functions 1814:1822 the diverse and important functions 1788:1822 the diverse and important functions of O-GlcNAcylation 1788:1841 Overall, these methods, which utilize commercially available reagents and standard protein analytical tools, will serve to advance our understanding of the diverse and important functions of O-GlcNAcylation. 29306432 4 56 theme robust 571:576 arg1 methods 578:584 robust methods 571:584 robust methods to study O-GlcNAcylation 571:609 Thus, robust methods to study O-GlcNAcylation are essential to elucidate its key roles in the regulation of individual proteins, complex cellular processes, and disease. 29306432 9 57 theme standard 1710:1717 arg1 tools 1738:1742 standard protein analytical tools 1710:1742 standard protein analytical tools 1710:1742 Overall, these methods, which utilize commercially available reagents and standard protein analytical tools, will serve to advance our understanding of the diverse and important functions of O-GlcNAcylation. 29306432 4 58 theme cellular 702:709 arg1 processes 711:719 complex cellular processes 694:719 complex cellular processes 694:719 Thus, robust methods to study O-GlcNAcylation are essential to elucidate its key roles in the regulation of individual proteins, complex cellular processes, and disease. 29306432 0 59 dep Detection 16:24 arg1 the 12:14 the 12:14 the 12:14 Methods for the Detection, Study, and Dynamic Profiling of O-GlcNAc Glycosylation. 29306432 1 60 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 108:128 arg1 modification 216:227 a ubiquitous posttranslational modification 185:227 a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms 185:264 The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms. 29306432 1 60 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 108:128 arg1 addition 87:94 The addition 83:94 The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins 83:180 The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms. 29306432 1 61 link O-linked 99:106 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 108:128 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 99:128 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 99:139 The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms. 29306432 1 61 link O-linked 99:106 arg1 O-GlcNAc 131:138 O-GlcNAc 131:138 O-GlcNAc 131:138 The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms. 29306432 8 62 theme various 1473:1479 arg1 probes 1508:1513 various alkyne-containing chemical probes 1473:1513 various alkyne-containing chemical probes 1473:1513 Finally, we discuss several applications of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction to attach various alkyne-containing chemical probes to GalNAz and demonstrate how this functionalization of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins can be used to realize (1)-(3) above. 29306432 6 63 theme enzyme 1203:1208 arg1 expression 1132:1141 expression 1132:1141 expression 1132:1141 First, we outline a procedure for the expression and purification of a multiuse mutant galactosyltransferase enzyme (Y289L GalT). 29306432 6 63 theme enzyme 1203:1208 arg1 purification 1147:1158 purification 1147:1158 purification 1147:1158 First, we outline a procedure for the expression and purification of a multiuse mutant galactosyltransferase enzyme (Y289L GalT). 29306432 8 64 theme alkyne-containing 1481:1497 arg1 probes 1508:1513 various alkyne-containing chemical probes 1473:1513 various alkyne-containing chemical probes 1473:1513 Finally, we discuss several applications of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction to attach various alkyne-containing chemical probes to GalNAz and demonstrate how this functionalization of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins can be used to realize (1)-(3) above. 29306432 8 65 theme reaction 1454:1461 arg1 applications 1382:1393 several applications 1374:1393 several applications of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction 1374:1461 Finally, we discuss several applications of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction to attach various alkyne-containing chemical probes to GalNAz and demonstrate how this functionalization of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins can be used to realize (1)-(3) above. 29306432 4 66 theme key 642:644 arg1 roles 646:650 its key roles 638:650 its key roles in the regulation of individual proteins, complex cellular processes, and disease 638:732 Thus, robust methods to study O-GlcNAcylation are essential to elucidate its key roles in the regulation of individual proteins, complex cellular processes, and disease. 29306432 9 67 theme analytical 1727:1736 arg1 tools 1738:1742 standard protein analytical tools 1710:1742 standard protein analytical tools 1710:1742 Overall, these methods, which utilize commercially available reagents and standard protein analytical tools, will serve to advance our understanding of the diverse and important functions of O-GlcNAcylation. 29306432 8 68 used used 1605:1608 arg2 functionalization 1550:1566 this functionalization 1545:1566 this functionalization of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins 1545:1596 Finally, we discuss several applications of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction to attach various alkyne-containing chemical probes to GalNAz and demonstrate how this functionalization of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins can be used to realize (1)-(3) above. 29306432 6 69 theme galactosyltransferase 1181:1201 arg1 enzyme 1203:1208 a multiuse mutant galactosyltransferase enzyme 1163:1208 a multiuse mutant galactosyltransferase enzyme (Y289L GalT) 1163:1221 First, we outline a procedure for the expression and purification of a multiuse mutant galactosyltransferase enzyme (Y289L GalT). 29306432 6 69 theme galactosyltransferase 1181:1201 arg1 GalT 1217:1220 Y289L GalT 1211:1220 Y289L GalT 1211:1220 First, we outline a procedure for the expression and purification of a multiuse mutant galactosyltransferase enzyme (Y289L GalT). 29306432 5 70 from changes 872:878 arg1 proteins 949:956 proteins 949:956 proteins of interest 949:968 In this chapter, we describe a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest, and (3) enable mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins to facilitate functional studies. 29306432 5 70 from changes 872:878 arg1 stoichiometry 932:944 its stoichiometry 928:944 its stoichiometry 928:944 In this chapter, we describe a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest, and (3) enable mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins to facilitate functional studies. 29306432 5 70 from changes 872:878 arg1 levels 898:903 the total levels 888:903 the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation 888:922 In this chapter, we describe a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest, and (3) enable mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins to facilitate functional studies. 29306432 2 71 theme pathological 387:398 arg1 processes 400:408 physiological and pathological processes 369:408 physiological and pathological processes 369:408 Like phosphorylation, O-GlcNAc glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is inducible and regulates a myriad of physiological and pathological processes. 29306432 0 72 theme Dynamic 38:44 arg1 Profiling 46:54 Dynamic Profiling 38:54 Dynamic Profiling 38:54 Methods for the Detection, Study, and Dynamic Profiling of O-GlcNAc Glycosylation. 29306432 8 73 theme chemical 1499:1506 arg1 probes 1508:1513 various alkyne-containing chemical probes 1473:1513 various alkyne-containing chemical probes 1473:1513 Finally, we discuss several applications of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction to attach various alkyne-containing chemical probes to GalNAz and demonstrate how this functionalization of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins can be used to realize (1)-(3) above. 29306432 6 74 theme mutant 1174:1179 arg1 enzyme 1203:1208 a multiuse mutant galactosyltransferase enzyme 1163:1208 a multiuse mutant galactosyltransferase enzyme (Y289L GalT) 1163:1221 First, we outline a procedure for the expression and purification of a multiuse mutant galactosyltransferase enzyme (Y289L GalT). 29306432 6 74 theme mutant 1174:1179 arg1 GalT 1217:1220 Y289L GalT 1211:1220 Y289L GalT 1211:1220 First, we outline a procedure for the expression and purification of a multiuse mutant galactosyltransferase enzyme (Y289L GalT). 29306432 8 75 dep above 1629:1633 arg1 1 1622:1622 1 1622:1622 1 1622:1622 Finally, we discuss several applications of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction to attach various alkyne-containing chemical probes to GalNAz and demonstrate how this functionalization of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins can be used to realize (1)-(3) above. 29306432 8 75 dep above 1629:1633 arg1 3 1626:1626 3 1626:1626 3 1626:1626 Finally, we discuss several applications of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction to attach various alkyne-containing chemical probes to GalNAz and demonstrate how this functionalization of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins can be used to realize (1)-(3) above. 29306432 1 76 theme multicellular 242:254 arg1 organisms 256:264 all multicellular organisms 238:264 all multicellular organisms 238:264 The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms. 28844813 9 0 from eNOS 1010:1013 arg1 cells 1027:1031 cultured cells 1018:1031 cultured cells 1018:1031 This assay is simple and efficient in detecting O-GlcNAcylated eNOS in cultured cells and animal tissues under both normal and disease conditions. 28844813 9 0 from eNOS 1010:1013 arg1 tissues 1044:1050 animal tissues 1037:1050 animal tissues 1037:1050 This assay is simple and efficient in detecting O-GlcNAcylated eNOS in cultured cells and animal tissues under both normal and disease conditions. 28844813 9 1 theme normal 1063:1068 arg1 conditions 1082:1091 both normal and disease conditions 1058:1091 conditions 1082:1091 This assay is simple and efficient in detecting O-GlcNAcylated eNOS in cultured cells and animal tissues under both normal and disease conditions. 28844813 0 2 theme pull-down 93:101 arg1 assay 103:107 5'-ADP-Sepharose pull-down assay 76:107 5'-ADP-Sepharose pull-down assay 76:107 Measurement of O-GlcNAcylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase by using 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose pull-down assay. 28844813 4 3 theme detection 416:424 arg1 efficiency 426:435 low detection efficiency 412:435 low detection efficiency 412:435 Such method exhibits low detection efficiency and is also costly. 28844813 9 4 theme cultured 1018:1025 arg1 cells 1027:1031 cultured cells 1018:1031 cultured cells 1018:1031 This assay is simple and efficient in detecting O-GlcNAcylated eNOS in cultured cells and animal tissues under both normal and disease conditions. 28844813 0 5 theme 5'-ADP-Sepharose 76:91 arg1 assay 103:107 5'-ADP-Sepharose pull-down assay 76:107 5'-ADP-Sepharose pull-down assay 76:107 Measurement of O-GlcNAcylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase by using 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose pull-down assay. 28844813 5 6 theme high 508:511 arg1 affinity 521:528 the high binding affinity 504:528 the high binding affinity of eNOS with the 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose resins 504:572 We here report a simplified assay by employing the high binding affinity of eNOS with the 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose resins. 28844813 2 7 link O-linked 253:260 arg1 O-GlcNAc 283:290 O-GlcNAc 283:290 O-GlcNAc 283:290 eNOS function is critically affected by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification. 28844813 2 7 link O-linked 253:260 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 262:280 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 253:280 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 253:304 eNOS function is critically affected by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification. 28844813 6 8 theme vascular 718:725 arg1 tissues 727:733 rat vascular tissues 714:733 rat vascular tissues 714:733 Together with the O-GlcNAc antibody, this assay readily allows the detection of O-GlcNAcylated eNOS in both cultured endothelial cells and rat vascular tissues. 28844813 5 9 theme binding 513:519 arg1 affinity 521:528 the high binding affinity 504:528 the high binding affinity of eNOS with the 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose resins 504:572 We here report a simplified assay by employing the high binding affinity of eNOS with the 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose resins. 28844813 1 10 theme central 157:163 arg1 roles 165:169 central roles 157:169 central roles 157:169 Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays central roles in cardiovascular regulation and disease. 28844813 7 11 theme rats 846:849 arg1 vessels 826:832 the vessels 822:832 the vessels of diabetic rats 822:849 By using this assay, we demonstrate that eNOS O-GlcNAcylation is markedly elevated in the vessels of diabetic rats. 28844813 4 12 theme Such 391:394 arg1 method 396:401 Such method 391:401 Such method 391:401 Such method exhibits low detection efficiency and is also costly. 28844813 4 13 theme low 412:414 arg1 efficiency 426:435 low detection efficiency 412:435 low detection efficiency 412:435 Such method exhibits low detection efficiency and is also costly. 28844813 6 14 theme endothelial 692:702 arg1 cells 704:708 cultured endothelial cells 683:708 cultured endothelial cells 683:708 Together with the O-GlcNAc antibody, this assay readily allows the detection of O-GlcNAcylated eNOS in both cultured endothelial cells and rat vascular tissues. 28844813 1 15 theme cardiovascular 174:187 arg1 regulation 189:198 cardiovascular regulation 174:198 cardiovascular regulation 174:198 Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays central roles in cardiovascular regulation and disease. 28844813 0 16 theme endothelial 30:40 arg1 synthase 55:62 O-GlcNAcylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase 15:62 O-GlcNAcylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase 15:62 Measurement of O-GlcNAcylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase by using 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose pull-down assay. 28844813 6 17 theme cultured 683:690 arg1 cells 704:708 cultured endothelial cells 683:708 cultured endothelial cells 683:708 Together with the O-GlcNAc antibody, this assay readily allows the detection of O-GlcNAcylated eNOS in both cultured endothelial cells and rat vascular tissues. 28844813 0 18 theme O-GlcNAcylated 15:28 arg1 synthase 55:62 O-GlcNAcylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase 15:62 O-GlcNAcylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase 15:62 Measurement of O-GlcNAcylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase by using 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose pull-down assay. 28844813 8 19 theme O-GlcNAcylated 926:939 arg1 eNOS 941:944 O-GlcNAcylated eNOS 926:944 O-GlcNAcylated eNOS 926:944 Thus, a 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose-based pull-down assay is developed to measure O-GlcNAcylated eNOS. 28844813 8 20 theme pull-down 886:894 arg1 assay 896:900 a 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose-based pull-down assay 858:900 assay 896:900 Thus, a 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose-based pull-down assay is developed to measure O-GlcNAcylated eNOS. 28844813 0 21 theme oxide 49:53 arg1 synthase 55:62 O-GlcNAcylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase 15:62 O-GlcNAcylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase 15:62 Measurement of O-GlcNAcylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase by using 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose pull-down assay. 28844813 6 22 theme rat 714:716 arg1 tissues 727:733 rat vascular tissues 714:733 rat vascular tissues 714:733 Together with the O-GlcNAc antibody, this assay readily allows the detection of O-GlcNAcylated eNOS in both cultured endothelial cells and rat vascular tissues. 28844813 0 23 theme nitric 42:47 arg1 synthase 55:62 O-GlcNAcylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase 15:62 O-GlcNAcylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase 15:62 Measurement of O-GlcNAcylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase by using 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose pull-down assay. 28844813 7 24 theme eNOS 777:780 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 782:796 eNOS O-GlcNAcylation 777:796 eNOS O-GlcNAcylation 777:796 By using this assay, we demonstrate that eNOS O-GlcNAcylation is markedly elevated in the vessels of diabetic rats. 28844813 6 25 from detection 642:650 arg1 tissues 727:733 rat vascular tissues 714:733 rat vascular tissues 714:733 Together with the O-GlcNAc antibody, this assay readily allows the detection of O-GlcNAcylated eNOS in both cultured endothelial cells and rat vascular tissues. 28844813 6 25 from detection 642:650 arg1 cells 704:708 cultured endothelial cells 683:708 cultured endothelial cells 683:708 Together with the O-GlcNAc antibody, this assay readily allows the detection of O-GlcNAcylated eNOS in both cultured endothelial cells and rat vascular tissues. 28844813 7 26 gly O-GlcNAcylation 782:796 arg1 vessels 826:832 the vessels 822:832 the vessels of diabetic rats 822:849 By using this assay, we demonstrate that eNOS O-GlcNAcylation is markedly elevated in the vessels of diabetic rats. 28844813 9 27 theme O-GlcNAcylated 995:1008 arg1 eNOS 1010:1013 O-GlcNAcylated eNOS 995:1013 O-GlcNAcylated eNOS in cultured cells and animal tissues 995:1050 This assay is simple and efficient in detecting O-GlcNAcylated eNOS in cultured cells and animal tissues under both normal and disease conditions. 28844813 3 28 theme present 311:317 arg1 method 319:324 The present method 307:324 The present method for measuring O-GlcNAcylated eNOS 307:358 The present method for measuring O-GlcNAcylated eNOS relies on immunoprecipitation. 28844813 1 29 theme Endothelial 110:120 arg1 eNOS 145:148 eNOS 145:148 eNOS 145:148 Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays central roles in cardiovascular regulation and disease. 28844813 1 29 theme Endothelial 110:120 arg1 synthase 135:142 Endothelial nitric oxide synthase 110:142 Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) 110:149 Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays central roles in cardiovascular regulation and disease. 28844813 0 30 theme synthase 55:62 arg1 Measurement 0:10 Measurement 0:10 Measurement of O-GlcNAcylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase 0:62 Measurement of O-GlcNAcylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase by using 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose pull-down assay. 28844813 5 31 with affinity 521:528 arg1 resins 567:572 5'-ADP-Sepharose resins 550:572 5'-ADP-Sepharose resins 550:572 We here report a simplified assay by employing the high binding affinity of eNOS with the 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose resins. 28844813 2 32 theme eNOS 213:216 arg1 function 218:225 eNOS function 213:225 eNOS function 213:225 eNOS function is critically affected by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification. 28844813 5 33 theme 5'-ADP-Sepharose 550:565 arg1 resins 567:572 5'-ADP-Sepharose resins 550:572 5'-ADP-Sepharose resins 550:572 We here report a simplified assay by employing the high binding affinity of eNOS with the 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose resins. 28844813 1 34 theme nitric 122:127 arg1 eNOS 145:148 eNOS 145:148 eNOS 145:148 Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays central roles in cardiovascular regulation and disease. 28844813 1 34 theme nitric 122:127 arg1 synthase 135:142 Endothelial nitric oxide synthase 110:142 Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) 110:149 Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays central roles in cardiovascular regulation and disease. 28844813 6 35 theme eNOS 670:673 arg1 detection 642:650 the detection 638:650 the detection of O-GlcNAcylated eNOS in both cultured endothelial cells and rat vascular tissues 638:733 Together with the O-GlcNAc antibody, this assay readily allows the detection of O-GlcNAcylated eNOS in both cultured endothelial cells and rat vascular tissues. 28844813 2 36 theme N-acetylglucosamine 262:280 arg1 modification 293:304 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 253:304 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 253:304 eNOS function is critically affected by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification. 28844813 1 37 theme oxide 129:133 arg1 eNOS 145:148 eNOS 145:148 eNOS 145:148 Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays central roles in cardiovascular regulation and disease. 28844813 1 37 theme oxide 129:133 arg1 synthase 135:142 Endothelial nitric oxide synthase 110:142 Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) 110:149 Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays central roles in cardiovascular regulation and disease. 28844813 6 38 theme O-GlcNAcylated 655:668 arg1 eNOS 670:673 O-GlcNAcylated eNOS 655:673 O-GlcNAcylated eNOS 655:673 Together with the O-GlcNAc antibody, this assay readily allows the detection of O-GlcNAcylated eNOS in both cultured endothelial cells and rat vascular tissues. 28844813 2 39 theme O-linked 253:260 arg1 O-GlcNAc 283:290 O-GlcNAc 283:290 O-GlcNAc 283:290 eNOS function is critically affected by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification. 28844813 2 39 theme O-linked 253:260 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 262:280 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 253:280 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 253:304 eNOS function is critically affected by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification. 28844813 5 40 theme eNOS 533:536 arg1 affinity 521:528 the high binding affinity 504:528 the high binding affinity of eNOS with the 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose resins 504:572 We here report a simplified assay by employing the high binding affinity of eNOS with the 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose resins. 28844813 7 41 theme diabetic 837:844 arg1 rats 846:849 diabetic rats 837:849 diabetic rats 837:849 By using this assay, we demonstrate that eNOS O-GlcNAcylation is markedly elevated in the vessels of diabetic rats. 28844813 9 42 theme disease 1074:1080 arg1 conditions 1082:1091 both normal and disease conditions 1058:1091 conditions 1082:1091 This assay is simple and efficient in detecting O-GlcNAcylated eNOS in cultured cells and animal tissues under both normal and disease conditions. 28844813 3 43 theme O-GlcNAcylated 340:353 arg1 eNOS 355:358 O-GlcNAcylated eNOS 340:358 O-GlcNAcylated eNOS 340:358 The present method for measuring O-GlcNAcylated eNOS relies on immunoprecipitation. 28844813 5 44 theme simplified 474:483 arg1 assay 485:489 a simplified assay 472:489 a simplified assay 472:489 We here report a simplified assay by employing the high binding affinity of eNOS with the 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose resins. 28844813 8 45 theme 5'-ADP-Sepharose-based 863:884 arg1 assay 896:900 a 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose-based pull-down assay 858:900 assay 896:900 Thus, a 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose-based pull-down assay is developed to measure O-GlcNAcylated eNOS. 28844813 6 46 theme O-GlcNAc 593:600 arg1 antibody 602:609 the O-GlcNAc antibody 589:609 the O-GlcNAc antibody 589:609 Together with the O-GlcNAc antibody, this assay readily allows the detection of O-GlcNAcylated eNOS in both cultured endothelial cells and rat vascular tissues. 28844813 9 47 theme animal 1037:1042 arg1 tissues 1044:1050 animal tissues 1037:1050 animal tissues 1037:1050 This assay is simple and efficient in detecting O-GlcNAcylated eNOS in cultured cells and animal tissues under both normal and disease conditions. 25596529 4 0 theme Oga 563:565 arg1 gene 567:570 the Oga gene 559:570 the Oga gene 559:570 Here, we report a conditional disruption of the Oga gene in the mouse. 25596529 5 1 theme KO 621:622 arg1 animals 625:631 The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals 586:631 The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals 586:631 The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals lack OGA enzymatic activity and exhibit elevated levels of the O-GlcNAc modification. 25596529 10 2 theme fat 1390:1392 arg1 diet 1394:1397 a high fat diet 1383:1397 a high fat diet 1383:1397 Additionally, metabolic profiling showed increased fat accumulation in HET and KO animals compared with WT, which was increased by a high fat diet. 25596529 11 3 theme insulin 1408:1414 arg1 sensitivity 1416:1426 Reduced insulin sensitivity 1400:1426 Reduced insulin sensitivity 1400:1426 Reduced insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and hyperleptinemia were also observed in HET and KO female mice. 25596529 9 4 theme animals 1183:1189 arg1 transcripts 1152:1162 the transcripts 1148:1162 the transcripts of both HET and KO animals 1148:1189 Transcriptome analysis using mouse embryonic fibroblasts revealed deregulation in the transcripts of both HET and KO animals specifically in genes associated with metabolism and growth. 25596529 11 5 located observed 1478:1485 arg2 sensitivity 1416:1426 Reduced insulin sensitivity 1400:1426 Reduced insulin sensitivity 1400:1426 Reduced insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and hyperleptinemia were also observed in HET and KO female mice. 25596529 11 5 located observed 1478:1485 arg2 hyperleptinemia 1452:1466 hyperleptinemia 1452:1466 hyperleptinemia 1452:1466 Reduced insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and hyperleptinemia were also observed in HET and KO female mice. 25596529 11 5 located observed 1478:1485 arg2 tolerance 1437:1445 glucose tolerance 1429:1445 glucose tolerance 1429:1445 Reduced insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and hyperleptinemia were also observed in HET and KO female mice. 25596529 11 5 located observed 1478:1485 arg1 mice 1508:1511 HET and KO female mice 1490:1511 HET and KO female mice 1490:1511 Reduced insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and hyperleptinemia were also observed in HET and KO female mice. 25596529 5 6 theme homozygous 600:609 arg1 animals 625:631 The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals 586:631 The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals 586:631 The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals lack OGA enzymatic activity and exhibit elevated levels of the O-GlcNAc modification. 25596529 6 7 theme complete 752:759 arg1 lethality 771:779 nearly complete perinatal lethality 745:779 nearly complete perinatal lethality associated with low circulating glucose and low liver glycogen stores 745:849 The Oga KO animals showed nearly complete perinatal lethality associated with low circulating glucose and low liver glycogen stores. 25596529 2 8 theme O-GlcNAc 282:289 arg1 addition 291:298 O-GlcNAc addition 282:298 O-GlcNAc addition to serine and threonine (Ser/Thr) residues 282:341 O-GlcNAc transferase is responsible for O-GlcNAc addition to serine and threonine (Ser/Thr) residues and OGA for its removal. 25596529 1 9 theme O-GlcNAc 186:193 arg1 transferase 195:205 O-GlcNAc transferase 186:205 O-GlcNAc transferase 186:205 O-GlcNAc cycling is maintained by the reciprocal activities of the O-GlcNAc transferase and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enzymes. 25596529 8 10 theme HET 976:978 arg1 animals 980:986 Oga HET animals 972:986 Oga HET animals 972:986 Although Oga HET animals were viable, they exhibited alterations in both transcription and metabolism. 25596529 5 11 theme null 615:618 arg1 animals 625:631 The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals 586:631 The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals 586:631 The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals lack OGA enzymatic activity and exhibit elevated levels of the O-GlcNAc modification. 25596529 13 12 theme OGA 1735:1737 arg1 loss 1721:1724 the loss 1717:1724 the loss of mouse OGA 1717:1737 These results suggest that the loss of mouse OGA leads to defects in metabolic homeostasis culminating in obesity and insulin resistance. 25596529 13 13 from defects 1748:1754 arg1 homeostasis 1769:1779 metabolic homeostasis 1759:1779 metabolic homeostasis culminating in obesity and insulin resistance 1759:1825 These results suggest that the loss of mouse OGA leads to defects in metabolic homeostasis culminating in obesity and insulin resistance. 25596529 1 14 theme O-GlcNAcase 215:225 arg1 enzymes 233:239 the O-GlcNAc transferase and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enzymes 182:239 the O-GlcNAc transferase and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enzymes 182:239 O-GlcNAc cycling is maintained by the reciprocal activities of the O-GlcNAc transferase and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enzymes. 25596529 10 15 from accumulation 1307:1318 arg1 animals 1334:1340 HET and KO animals 1323:1340 HET and KO animals 1323:1340 Additionally, metabolic profiling showed increased fat accumulation in HET and KO animals compared with WT, which was increased by a high fat diet. 25596529 5 16 theme OGA 638:640 arg1 activity 652:659 OGA enzymatic activity 638:659 OGA enzymatic activity 638:659 The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals lack OGA enzymatic activity and exhibit elevated levels of the O-GlcNAc modification. 25596529 12 17 theme animals 1565:1571 arg1 ratio 1548:1552 the respiratory exchange ratio 1523:1552 the respiratory exchange ratio of the HET animals 1523:1571 Notably, the respiratory exchange ratio of the HET animals was higher than that observed in WT animals, indicating the preferential utilization of glucose as an energy source. 25596529 12 17 theme animals 1565:1571 arg1 higher 1577:1582 higher 1577:1582 higher 1577:1582 Notably, the respiratory exchange ratio of the HET animals was higher than that observed in WT animals, indicating the preferential utilization of glucose as an energy source. 25596529 9 18 theme KO 1180:1181 arg1 animals 1183:1189 both HET and KO animals 1167:1189 both HET and KO animals 1167:1189 Transcriptome analysis using mouse embryonic fibroblasts revealed deregulation in the transcripts of both HET and KO animals specifically in genes associated with metabolism and growth. 25596529 11 19 theme HET 1490:1492 arg1 mice 1508:1511 HET and KO female mice 1490:1511 HET and KO female mice 1490:1511 Reduced insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and hyperleptinemia were also observed in HET and KO female mice. 25596529 10 20 dep increased 1293:1301 arg1 increased 1370:1378 increased 1370:1378 was increased by a high fat diet 1366:1397 Additionally, metabolic profiling showed increased fat accumulation in HET and KO animals compared with WT, which was increased by a high fat diet. 25596529 12 21 theme respiratory 1527:1537 arg1 ratio 1548:1552 the respiratory exchange ratio 1523:1552 the respiratory exchange ratio of the HET animals 1523:1571 Notably, the respiratory exchange ratio of the HET animals was higher than that observed in WT animals, indicating the preferential utilization of glucose as an energy source. 25596529 12 21 theme respiratory 1527:1537 arg1 higher 1577:1582 higher 1577:1582 higher 1577:1582 Notably, the respiratory exchange ratio of the HET animals was higher than that observed in WT animals, indicating the preferential utilization of glucose as an energy source. 25596529 1 22 theme reciprocal 157:166 arg1 activities 168:177 the reciprocal activities 153:177 the reciprocal activities of the O-GlcNAc transferase and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enzymes 153:239 O-GlcNAc cycling is maintained by the reciprocal activities of the O-GlcNAc transferase and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enzymes. 25596529 12 23 theme glucose 1661:1667 arg1 source 1682:1687 an energy source 1672:1687 an energy source 1672:1687 Notably, the respiratory exchange ratio of the HET animals was higher than that observed in WT animals, indicating the preferential utilization of glucose as an energy source. 25596529 12 23 theme glucose 1661:1667 arg1 utilization 1646:1656 the preferential utilization 1629:1656 the preferential utilization of glucose 1629:1667 Notably, the respiratory exchange ratio of the HET animals was higher than that observed in WT animals, indicating the preferential utilization of glucose as an energy source. 25596529 2 24 dep serine 303:308 arg1 residues 334:341 (Ser/Thr) residues 324:341 (Ser/Thr) residues 324:341 O-GlcNAc transferase is responsible for O-GlcNAc addition to serine and threonine (Ser/Thr) residues and OGA for its removal. 25596529 10 25 theme metabolic 1266:1274 arg1 profiling 1276:1284 metabolic profiling 1266:1284 metabolic profiling 1266:1284 Additionally, metabolic profiling showed increased fat accumulation in HET and KO animals compared with WT, which was increased by a high fat diet. 25596529 7 26 theme KO 947:948 arg1 animals 954:960 both heterozygous (HET) and KO Oga animals 919:960 both heterozygous (HET) and KO Oga animals 919:960 Defective insulin-responsive GSK3β phosphorylation was observed in both heterozygous (HET) and KO Oga animals. 25596529 11 27 theme KO 1498:1499 arg1 mice 1508:1511 HET and KO female mice 1490:1511 HET and KO female mice 1490:1511 Reduced insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and hyperleptinemia were also observed in HET and KO female mice. 25596529 0 28 theme metabolic 96:104 arg1 homeostasis 106:116 metabolic homeostasis 96:116 metabolic homeostasis 96:116 Conditional knock-out reveals a requirement for O-linked N-Acetylglucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase) in metabolic homeostasis. 25596529 9 29 theme embryonic 1101:1109 arg1 fibroblasts 1111:1121 mouse embryonic fibroblasts 1095:1121 mouse embryonic fibroblasts 1095:1121 Transcriptome analysis using mouse embryonic fibroblasts revealed deregulation in the transcripts of both HET and KO animals specifically in genes associated with metabolism and growth. 25596529 10 30 theme fat 1303:1305 arg1 accumulation 1307:1318 fat accumulation 1303:1318 fat accumulation in HET and KO animals 1303:1340 Additionally, metabolic profiling showed increased fat accumulation in HET and KO animals compared with WT, which was increased by a high fat diet. 25596529 3 31 theme human 414:418 arg1 locus 444:448 a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus 401:448 a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus 401:448 Although the Oga gene (MGEA5) is a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus, its role in maintaining insulin-glucose homeostasis is unclear. 25596529 3 31 theme human 414:418 arg1 gene 385:388 the Oga gene 377:388 the Oga gene (MGEA5) 377:396 Although the Oga gene (MGEA5) is a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus, its role in maintaining insulin-glucose homeostasis is unclear. 25596529 5 32 theme modification 705:716 arg1 levels 682:687 elevated levels 673:687 elevated levels of the O-GlcNAc modification 673:716 The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals lack OGA enzymatic activity and exhibit elevated levels of the O-GlcNAc modification. 25596529 3 33 theme Oga 381:383 arg1 MGEA5 391:395 MGEA5 391:395 MGEA5 391:395 Although the Oga gene (MGEA5) is a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus, its role in maintaining insulin-glucose homeostasis is unclear. 25596529 3 33 theme Oga 381:383 arg1 gene 385:388 the Oga gene 377:388 the Oga gene (MGEA5) 377:396 Although the Oga gene (MGEA5) is a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus, its role in maintaining insulin-glucose homeostasis is unclear. 25596529 3 33 theme Oga 381:383 arg1 locus 444:448 a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus 401:448 a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus 401:448 Although the Oga gene (MGEA5) is a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus, its role in maintaining insulin-glucose homeostasis is unclear. 25596529 0 34 from requirement 32:42 arg1 homeostasis 106:116 metabolic homeostasis 96:116 metabolic homeostasis 96:116 Conditional knock-out reveals a requirement for O-linked N-Acetylglucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase) in metabolic homeostasis. 25596529 0 35 theme Conditional 0:10 arg1 knock-out 12:20 Conditional knock-out 0:20 Conditional knock-out 0:20 Conditional knock-out reveals a requirement for O-linked N-Acetylglucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase) in metabolic homeostasis. 25596529 12 36 theme WT 1606:1607 arg1 animals 1609:1615 WT animals 1606:1615 WT animals 1606:1615 Notably, the respiratory exchange ratio of the HET animals was higher than that observed in WT animals, indicating the preferential utilization of glucose as an energy source. 25596529 4 37 from disruption 545:554 arg1 mouse 579:583 the mouse 575:583 the mouse 575:583 Here, we report a conditional disruption of the Oga gene in the mouse. 25596529 9 38 theme mouse 1095:1099 arg1 fibroblasts 1111:1121 mouse embryonic fibroblasts 1095:1121 mouse embryonic fibroblasts 1095:1121 Transcriptome analysis using mouse embryonic fibroblasts revealed deregulation in the transcripts of both HET and KO animals specifically in genes associated with metabolism and growth. 25596529 1 39 theme O-GlcNAc 119:126 arg1 cycling 128:134 O-GlcNAc cycling 119:134 O-GlcNAc cycling 119:134 O-GlcNAc cycling is maintained by the reciprocal activities of the O-GlcNAc transferase and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enzymes. 25596529 3 40 theme susceptibility 429:442 arg1 locus 444:448 a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus 401:448 a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus 401:448 Although the Oga gene (MGEA5) is a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus, its role in maintaining insulin-glucose homeostasis is unclear. 25596529 3 40 theme susceptibility 429:442 arg1 gene 385:388 the Oga gene 377:388 the Oga gene (MGEA5) 377:396 Although the Oga gene (MGEA5) is a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus, its role in maintaining insulin-glucose homeostasis is unclear. 25596529 6 41 theme liver 829:833 arg1 stores 844:849 low liver glycogen stores 825:849 low liver glycogen stores 825:849 The Oga KO animals showed nearly complete perinatal lethality associated with low circulating glucose and low liver glycogen stores. 25596529 6 42 theme Oga 723:725 arg1 animals 730:736 The Oga KO animals 719:736 The Oga KO animals 719:736 The Oga KO animals showed nearly complete perinatal lethality associated with low circulating glucose and low liver glycogen stores. 25596529 0 43 theme O-linked 48:55 arg1 O-GlcNAcase 80:90 O-GlcNAcase 80:90 O-GlcNAcase 80:90 Conditional knock-out reveals a requirement for O-linked N-Acetylglucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase) in metabolic homeostasis. 25596529 0 43 theme O-linked 48:55 arg1 N-Acetylglucosaminase 57:77 O-linked N-Acetylglucosaminase 48:77 O-linked N-Acetylglucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase) 48:91 Conditional knock-out reveals a requirement for O-linked N-Acetylglucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase) in metabolic homeostasis. 25596529 6 44 theme circulating 801:811 arg1 glucose 813:819 low circulating glucose 797:819 low circulating glucose 797:819 The Oga KO animals showed nearly complete perinatal lethality associated with low circulating glucose and low liver glycogen stores. 25596529 13 45 theme metabolic 1759:1767 arg1 homeostasis 1769:1779 metabolic homeostasis 1759:1779 metabolic homeostasis culminating in obesity and insulin resistance 1759:1825 These results suggest that the loss of mouse OGA leads to defects in metabolic homeostasis culminating in obesity and insulin resistance. 25596529 9 46 theme HET 1172:1174 arg1 animals 1183:1189 both HET and KO animals 1167:1189 both HET and KO animals 1167:1189 Transcriptome analysis using mouse embryonic fibroblasts revealed deregulation in the transcripts of both HET and KO animals specifically in genes associated with metabolism and growth. 25596529 7 47 theme GSK3β 881:885 arg1 phosphorylation 887:901 Defective insulin-responsive GSK3β phosphorylation 852:901 Defective insulin-responsive GSK3β phosphorylation 852:901 Defective insulin-responsive GSK3β phosphorylation was observed in both heterozygous (HET) and KO Oga animals. 25596529 13 48 theme insulin 1808:1814 arg1 resistance 1816:1825 insulin resistance 1808:1825 insulin resistance 1808:1825 These results suggest that the loss of mouse OGA leads to defects in metabolic homeostasis culminating in obesity and insulin resistance. 25596529 11 49 theme Reduced 1400:1406 arg1 sensitivity 1416:1426 Reduced insulin sensitivity 1400:1426 Reduced insulin sensitivity 1400:1426 Reduced insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and hyperleptinemia were also observed in HET and KO female mice. 25596529 0 50 link O-linked 48:55 arg1 O-GlcNAcase 80:90 O-GlcNAcase 80:90 O-GlcNAcase 80:90 Conditional knock-out reveals a requirement for O-linked N-Acetylglucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase) in metabolic homeostasis. 25596529 0 50 link O-linked 48:55 arg1 N-Acetylglucosaminase 57:77 O-linked N-Acetylglucosaminase 48:77 O-linked N-Acetylglucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase) 48:91 Conditional knock-out reveals a requirement for O-linked N-Acetylglucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase) in metabolic homeostasis. 25596529 10 51 theme high 1385:1388 arg1 diet 1394:1397 a high fat diet 1383:1397 a high fat diet 1383:1397 Additionally, metabolic profiling showed increased fat accumulation in HET and KO animals compared with WT, which was increased by a high fat diet. 25596529 7 52 theme Defective 852:860 arg1 phosphorylation 887:901 Defective insulin-responsive GSK3β phosphorylation 852:901 Defective insulin-responsive GSK3β phosphorylation 852:901 Defective insulin-responsive GSK3β phosphorylation was observed in both heterozygous (HET) and KO Oga animals. 25596529 8 53 theme Oga 972:974 arg1 animals 980:986 Oga HET animals 972:986 Oga HET animals 972:986 Although Oga HET animals were viable, they exhibited alterations in both transcription and metabolism. 25596529 4 54 theme gene 567:570 arg1 disruption 545:554 a conditional disruption 531:554 a conditional disruption of the Oga gene in the mouse 531:583 Here, we report a conditional disruption of the Oga gene in the mouse. 25596529 5 55 theme resulting 590:598 arg1 animals 625:631 The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals 586:631 The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals 586:631 The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals lack OGA enzymatic activity and exhibit elevated levels of the O-GlcNAc modification. 25596529 6 56 theme perinatal 761:769 arg1 lethality 771:779 nearly complete perinatal lethality 745:779 nearly complete perinatal lethality associated with low circulating glucose and low liver glycogen stores 745:849 The Oga KO animals showed nearly complete perinatal lethality associated with low circulating glucose and low liver glycogen stores. 25596529 5 57 theme Oga 611:613 arg1 animals 625:631 The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals 586:631 The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals 586:631 The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals lack OGA enzymatic activity and exhibit elevated levels of the O-GlcNAc modification. 25596529 2 58 theme Ser/Thr 325:331 arg1 residues 334:341 (Ser/Thr) residues 324:341 (Ser/Thr) residues 324:341 O-GlcNAc transferase is responsible for O-GlcNAc addition to serine and threonine (Ser/Thr) residues and OGA for its removal. 25596529 1 59 theme transferase 195:205 arg1 enzymes 233:239 the O-GlcNAc transferase and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enzymes 182:239 the O-GlcNAc transferase and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enzymes 182:239 O-GlcNAc cycling is maintained by the reciprocal activities of the O-GlcNAc transferase and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enzymes. 25596529 8 60 from alterations 1016:1026 arg1 metabolism 1054:1063 metabolism 1054:1063 metabolism 1054:1063 Although Oga HET animals were viable, they exhibited alterations in both transcription and metabolism. 25596529 8 60 from alterations 1016:1026 arg1 transcription 1036:1048 transcription 1036:1048 transcription 1036:1048 Although Oga HET animals were viable, they exhibited alterations in both transcription and metabolism. 25596529 13 61 theme mouse 1729:1733 arg1 OGA 1735:1737 mouse OGA 1729:1737 mouse OGA 1729:1737 These results suggest that the loss of mouse OGA leads to defects in metabolic homeostasis culminating in obesity and insulin resistance. 25596529 5 62 theme elevated 673:680 arg1 levels 682:687 elevated levels 673:687 elevated levels of the O-GlcNAc modification 673:716 The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals lack OGA enzymatic activity and exhibit elevated levels of the O-GlcNAc modification. 25596529 2 63 theme O-GlcNAc 242:249 arg1 transferase 251:261 O-GlcNAc transferase 242:261 O-GlcNAc transferase 242:261 O-GlcNAc transferase is responsible for O-GlcNAc addition to serine and threonine (Ser/Thr) residues and OGA for its removal. 25596529 12 64 theme HET 1561:1563 arg1 animals 1565:1571 the HET animals 1557:1571 the HET animals 1557:1571 Notably, the respiratory exchange ratio of the HET animals was higher than that observed in WT animals, indicating the preferential utilization of glucose as an energy source. 25596529 9 65 from deregulation 1132:1143 arg1 transcripts 1152:1162 the transcripts 1148:1162 the transcripts of both HET and KO animals 1148:1189 Transcriptome analysis using mouse embryonic fibroblasts revealed deregulation in the transcripts of both HET and KO animals specifically in genes associated with metabolism and growth. 25596529 5 66 theme enzymatic 642:650 arg1 activity 652:659 OGA enzymatic activity 638:659 OGA enzymatic activity 638:659 The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals lack OGA enzymatic activity and exhibit elevated levels of the O-GlcNAc modification. 25596529 12 67 located observed 1594:1601 arg1 animals 1609:1615 WT animals 1606:1615 WT animals 1606:1615 Notably, the respiratory exchange ratio of the HET animals was higher than that observed in WT animals, indicating the preferential utilization of glucose as an energy source. 25596529 12 67 located observed 1594:1601 arg2 that 1589:1592 that 1589:1592 that 1589:1592 Notably, the respiratory exchange ratio of the HET animals was higher than that observed in WT animals, indicating the preferential utilization of glucose as an energy source. 25596529 12 68 theme energy 1675:1680 arg1 source 1682:1687 an energy source 1672:1687 an energy source 1672:1687 Notably, the respiratory exchange ratio of the HET animals was higher than that observed in WT animals, indicating the preferential utilization of glucose as an energy source. 25596529 12 68 theme energy 1675:1680 arg1 utilization 1646:1656 the preferential utilization 1629:1656 the preferential utilization of glucose 1629:1667 Notably, the respiratory exchange ratio of the HET animals was higher than that observed in WT animals, indicating the preferential utilization of glucose as an energy source. 25596529 12 69 theme exchange 1539:1546 arg1 ratio 1548:1552 the respiratory exchange ratio 1523:1552 the respiratory exchange ratio of the HET animals 1523:1571 Notably, the respiratory exchange ratio of the HET animals was higher than that observed in WT animals, indicating the preferential utilization of glucose as an energy source. 25596529 12 69 theme exchange 1539:1546 arg1 higher 1577:1582 higher 1577:1582 higher 1577:1582 Notably, the respiratory exchange ratio of the HET animals was higher than that observed in WT animals, indicating the preferential utilization of glucose as an energy source. 25596529 10 70 dep showed 1286:1291 arg1 increased 1293:1301 increased 1293:1301 increased 1293:1301 Additionally, metabolic profiling showed increased fat accumulation in HET and KO animals compared with WT, which was increased by a high fat diet. 25596529 11 71 theme female 1501:1506 arg1 mice 1508:1511 HET and KO female mice 1490:1511 HET and KO female mice 1490:1511 Reduced insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and hyperleptinemia were also observed in HET and KO female mice. 25596529 7 72 theme Oga 950:952 arg1 animals 954:960 both heterozygous (HET) and KO Oga animals 919:960 both heterozygous (HET) and KO Oga animals 919:960 Defective insulin-responsive GSK3β phosphorylation was observed in both heterozygous (HET) and KO Oga animals. 25596529 11 73 theme glucose 1429:1435 arg1 tolerance 1437:1445 glucose tolerance 1429:1445 glucose tolerance 1429:1445 Reduced insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and hyperleptinemia were also observed in HET and KO female mice. 25596529 5 74 theme O-GlcNAc 696:703 arg1 modification 705:716 the O-GlcNAc modification 692:716 the O-GlcNAc modification 692:716 The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals lack OGA enzymatic activity and exhibit elevated levels of the O-GlcNAc modification. 25596529 7 75 located observed 907:914 arg1 animals 954:960 both heterozygous (HET) and KO Oga animals 919:960 both heterozygous (HET) and KO Oga animals 919:960 Defective insulin-responsive GSK3β phosphorylation was observed in both heterozygous (HET) and KO Oga animals. 25596529 7 75 located observed 907:914 arg2 phosphorylation 887:901 Defective insulin-responsive GSK3β phosphorylation 852:901 Defective insulin-responsive GSK3β phosphorylation 852:901 Defective insulin-responsive GSK3β phosphorylation was observed in both heterozygous (HET) and KO Oga animals. 25596529 9 76 theme Transcriptome 1066:1078 arg1 analysis 1080:1087 Transcriptome analysis 1066:1087 Transcriptome analysis using mouse embryonic fibroblasts 1066:1121 Transcriptome analysis using mouse embryonic fibroblasts revealed deregulation in the transcripts of both HET and KO animals specifically in genes associated with metabolism and growth. 25596529 3 77 theme diabetes 420:427 arg1 locus 444:448 a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus 401:448 a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus 401:448 Although the Oga gene (MGEA5) is a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus, its role in maintaining insulin-glucose homeostasis is unclear. 25596529 3 77 theme diabetes 420:427 arg1 gene 385:388 the Oga gene 377:388 the Oga gene (MGEA5) 377:396 Although the Oga gene (MGEA5) is a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus, its role in maintaining insulin-glucose homeostasis is unclear. 25596529 12 78 theme preferential 1633:1644 arg1 source 1682:1687 an energy source 1672:1687 an energy source 1672:1687 Notably, the respiratory exchange ratio of the HET animals was higher than that observed in WT animals, indicating the preferential utilization of glucose as an energy source. 25596529 12 78 theme preferential 1633:1644 arg1 utilization 1646:1656 the preferential utilization 1629:1656 the preferential utilization of glucose 1629:1667 Notably, the respiratory exchange ratio of the HET animals was higher than that observed in WT animals, indicating the preferential utilization of glucose as an energy source. 25596529 4 79 theme conditional 533:543 arg1 disruption 545:554 a conditional disruption 531:554 a conditional disruption of the Oga gene in the mouse 531:583 Here, we report a conditional disruption of the Oga gene in the mouse. 25596529 10 80 theme KO 1331:1332 arg1 animals 1334:1340 HET and KO animals 1323:1340 HET and KO animals 1323:1340 Additionally, metabolic profiling showed increased fat accumulation in HET and KO animals compared with WT, which was increased by a high fat diet. 25596529 3 81 theme documented 403:412 arg1 locus 444:448 a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus 401:448 a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus 401:448 Although the Oga gene (MGEA5) is a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus, its role in maintaining insulin-glucose homeostasis is unclear. 25596529 3 81 theme documented 403:412 arg1 gene 385:388 the Oga gene 377:388 the Oga gene (MGEA5) 377:396 Although the Oga gene (MGEA5) is a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus, its role in maintaining insulin-glucose homeostasis is unclear. 25596529 7 82 theme heterozygous 924:935 arg1 animals 954:960 both heterozygous (HET) and KO Oga animals 919:960 both heterozygous (HET) and KO Oga animals 919:960 Defective insulin-responsive GSK3β phosphorylation was observed in both heterozygous (HET) and KO Oga animals. 25596529 10 83 theme HET 1323:1325 arg1 animals 1334:1340 HET and KO animals 1323:1340 HET and KO animals 1323:1340 Additionally, metabolic profiling showed increased fat accumulation in HET and KO animals compared with WT, which was increased by a high fat diet. 25596529 6 84 theme glycogen 835:842 arg1 stores 844:849 low liver glycogen stores 825:849 low liver glycogen stores 825:849 The Oga KO animals showed nearly complete perinatal lethality associated with low circulating glucose and low liver glycogen stores. 25596529 6 85 theme KO 727:728 arg1 animals 730:736 The Oga KO animals 719:736 The Oga KO animals 719:736 The Oga KO animals showed nearly complete perinatal lethality associated with low circulating glucose and low liver glycogen stores. 25596529 6 86 theme low 825:827 arg1 stores 844:849 low liver glycogen stores 825:849 low liver glycogen stores 825:849 The Oga KO animals showed nearly complete perinatal lethality associated with low circulating glucose and low liver glycogen stores. 25596529 7 87 dep heterozygous 924:935 arg1 HET 938:940 HET 938:940 HET 938:940 Defective insulin-responsive GSK3β phosphorylation was observed in both heterozygous (HET) and KO Oga animals. 25596529 3 88 theme insulin-glucose 475:489 arg1 homeostasis 491:501 insulin-glucose homeostasis 475:501 insulin-glucose homeostasis 475:501 Although the Oga gene (MGEA5) is a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus, its role in maintaining insulin-glucose homeostasis is unclear. 25596529 1 89 theme enzymes 233:239 arg1 activities 168:177 the reciprocal activities 153:177 the reciprocal activities of the O-GlcNAc transferase and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enzymes 153:239 O-GlcNAc cycling is maintained by the reciprocal activities of the O-GlcNAc transferase and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enzymes. 25596529 6 90 theme low 797:799 arg1 glucose 813:819 low circulating glucose 797:819 low circulating glucose 797:819 The Oga KO animals showed nearly complete perinatal lethality associated with low circulating glucose and low liver glycogen stores. 25596529 7 91 theme insulin-responsive 862:879 arg1 phosphorylation 887:901 Defective insulin-responsive GSK3β phosphorylation 852:901 Defective insulin-responsive GSK3β phosphorylation 852:901 Defective insulin-responsive GSK3β phosphorylation was observed in both heterozygous (HET) and KO Oga animals. 28295752 6 0 link O-linked 1282:1289 arg1 antigen 1295:1301 the O-linked GD3 antigen 1278:1301 the O-linked GD3 antigen 1278:1301 Microarray analysis of the sera showed the promise of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine: it stimulated a high immunoglobulin G response against S-linked GD3 and cross-reactivity with the O-linked GD3 antigen was low. 28295752 7 1 theme glycoconjugate 1463:1476 arg1 vaccines 1478:1485 generating glycoconjugate vaccines 1452:1485 generating glycoconjugate vaccines 1452:1485 The activity of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine was comparable to that of the O-linked GD3-KLH vaccine, which highlighted the effectiveness of generating glycoconjugate vaccines and immunotherapies by relatively simple means. 28295752 6 2 theme S-linked 1158:1165 arg1 vaccine 1175:1181 the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine 1154:1181 the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine 1154:1181 Microarray analysis of the sera showed the promise of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine: it stimulated a high immunoglobulin G response against S-linked GD3 and cross-reactivity with the O-linked GD3 antigen was low. 28295752 7 3 theme GD3-KLH 1396:1402 arg1 vaccine 1404:1410 the O-linked GD3-KLH vaccine 1383:1410 the O-linked GD3-KLH vaccine 1383:1410 The activity of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine was comparable to that of the O-linked GD3-KLH vaccine, which highlighted the effectiveness of generating glycoconjugate vaccines and immunotherapies by relatively simple means. 28295752 3 4 gly sialylation 597:607 arg1 acceptor 624:631 a lactoside acceptor 612:631 a lactoside acceptor 612:631 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 6 5 theme S-linked 1239:1246 arg1 GD3 1248:1250 S-linked GD3 1239:1250 S-linked GD3 1239:1250 Microarray analysis of the sera showed the promise of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine: it stimulated a high immunoglobulin G response against S-linked GD3 and cross-reactivity with the O-linked GD3 antigen was low. 28295752 3 6 theme key 530:532 arg1 steps 534:538 The key steps 526:538 The key steps in the synthesis 526:555 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 3 6 theme key 530:532 arg1 sialylation 597:607 a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation 561:607 a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor 561:673 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 1 7 theme oligosaccharides 149:164 arg1 atom 141:144 the interglycosidic oxygen atom 114:144 the interglycosidic oxygen atom of oligosaccharides 114:164 Replacing the interglycosidic oxygen atom of oligosaccharides with a nonhydrolyzable sulfur atom has attracted significant interest because it provides opportunities for developing new glycoconjugate vaccines. 28295752 6 8 theme sera 1127:1130 arg1 analysis 1111:1118 Microarray analysis 1100:1118 Microarray analysis of the sera 1100:1130 Microarray analysis of the sera showed the promise of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine: it stimulated a high immunoglobulin G response against S-linked GD3 and cross-reactivity with the O-linked GD3 antigen was low. 28295752 3 9 theme stereoselective 718:732 arg1 construction 734:745 stereoselective construction 718:745 stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue 718:792 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 1 10 theme sulfur 189:194 arg1 atom 196:199 a nonhydrolyzable sulfur atom 171:199 a nonhydrolyzable sulfur atom 171:199 Replacing the interglycosidic oxygen atom of oligosaccharides with a nonhydrolyzable sulfur atom has attracted significant interest because it provides opportunities for developing new glycoconjugate vaccines. 28295752 4 11 theme immunogenic 916:926 arg1 KLH 963:965 KLH 963:965 KLH 963:965 The sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group was used as the linker for the well-defined conjugation of these antigens to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). 28295752 4 11 theme immunogenic 916:926 arg1 hemocyanin 951:960 the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin 912:960 the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) 912:966 The sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group was used as the linker for the well-defined conjugation of these antigens to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). 28295752 6 12 theme immunoglobulin G 1205:1220 arg1 response 1222:1229 a high immunoglobulin G response 1198:1229 a high immunoglobulin G response against S-linked GD3 1198:1250 Microarray analysis of the sera showed the promise of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine: it stimulated a high immunoglobulin G response against S-linked GD3 and cross-reactivity with the O-linked GD3 antigen was low. 28295752 6 13 link S-linked 1239:1246 arg1 GD3 1248:1250 S-linked GD3 1239:1250 S-linked GD3 1239:1250 Microarray analysis of the sera showed the promise of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine: it stimulated a high immunoglobulin G response against S-linked GD3 and cross-reactivity with the O-linked GD3 antigen was low. 28295752 3 14 theme α 770:770 arg1 residue 786:792 a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue 750:792 a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue 750:792 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 2 15 theme α 459:459 arg1 variant 422:428 a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant 384:428 a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis 384:511 Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. 28295752 2 15 theme α 459:459 arg1 GD3 466:468 S-linked α(2→8) GD3 450:468 S-linked α(2→8) GD3 450:468 Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. 28295752 7 16 theme vaccine 1349:1355 arg1 comparable 1361:1370 comparable 1361:1370 comparable 1361:1370 The activity of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine was comparable to that of the O-linked GD3-KLH vaccine, which highlighted the effectiveness of generating glycoconjugate vaccines and immunotherapies by relatively simple means. 28295752 7 16 theme vaccine 1349:1355 arg1 activity 1316:1323 The activity 1312:1323 The activity of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine 1312:1355 The activity of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine was comparable to that of the O-linked GD3-KLH vaccine, which highlighted the effectiveness of generating glycoconjugate vaccines and immunotherapies by relatively simple means. 28295752 3 17 link S-linked 761:768 arg1 residue 786:792 a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue 750:792 a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue 750:792 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 3 18 theme terminal 752:759 arg1 residue 786:792 a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue 750:792 a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue 750:792 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 7 19 theme S-linked 1332:1339 arg1 vaccine 1349:1355 the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine 1328:1355 the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine 1328:1355 The activity of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine was comparable to that of the O-linked GD3-KLH vaccine, which highlighted the effectiveness of generating glycoconjugate vaccines and immunotherapies by relatively simple means. 28295752 3 20 theme disialyl 777:784 arg1 residue 786:792 a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue 750:792 a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue 750:792 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 6 21 theme O-linked 1282:1289 arg1 antigen 1295:1301 the O-linked GD3 antigen 1278:1301 the O-linked GD3 antigen 1278:1301 Microarray analysis of the sera showed the promise of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine: it stimulated a high immunoglobulin G response against S-linked GD3 and cross-reactivity with the O-linked GD3 antigen was low. 28295752 5 22 theme GD3-KLH 1029:1035 arg1 glycoconjugates 1037:1051 the GD3-KLH and S-linked GD3-KLH glycoconjugates 1004:1051 the GD3-KLH and S-linked GD3-KLH glycoconjugates 1004:1051 Groups of mice were immunized with the GD3-KLH and S-linked GD3-KLH glycoconjugates in the presence of complete Freund's adjuvant. 28295752 2 23 theme enzymatic 492:500 arg1 hydrolysis 502:511 enzymatic hydrolysis 492:511 enzymatic hydrolysis 492:511 Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. 28295752 6 24 theme vaccine 1175:1181 arg1 promise 1143:1149 the promise 1139:1149 the promise of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine 1139:1181 Microarray analysis of the sera showed the promise of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine: it stimulated a high immunoglobulin G response against S-linked GD3 and cross-reactivity with the O-linked GD3 antigen was low. 28295752 6 25 link S-linked 1158:1165 arg1 vaccine 1175:1181 the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine 1154:1181 the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine 1154:1181 Microarray analysis of the sera showed the promise of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine: it stimulated a high immunoglobulin G response against S-linked GD3 and cross-reactivity with the O-linked GD3 antigen was low. 28295752 0 26 theme GD3 32:34 arg1 Antigen 36:42 an S-Linked α(2→8) GD3 Antigen 13:42 an S-Linked α(2→8) GD3 Antigen 13:42 Synthesis of an S-Linked α(2→8) GD3 Antigen and Evaluation of the Immunogenicity of Its Glycoconjugate. 28295752 3 27 theme 2→3 592:594 arg1 steps 534:538 The key steps 526:538 The key steps in the synthesis 526:555 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 3 27 theme 2→3 592:594 arg1 sialylation 597:607 a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation 561:607 a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor 561:673 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 1 28 theme interglycosidic 118:132 arg1 atom 141:144 the interglycosidic oxygen atom 114:144 the interglycosidic oxygen atom of oligosaccharides 114:164 Replacing the interglycosidic oxygen atom of oligosaccharides with a nonhydrolyzable sulfur atom has attracted significant interest because it provides opportunities for developing new glycoconjugate vaccines. 28295752 3 29 with sialylation 597:607 arg1 donor 669:673 a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor 638:673 a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor 638:673 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 4 30 theme keyhole 936:942 arg1 KLH 963:965 KLH 963:965 KLH 963:965 The sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group was used as the linker for the well-defined conjugation of these antigens to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). 28295752 4 30 theme keyhole 936:942 arg1 hemocyanin 951:960 the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin 912:960 the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) 912:966 The sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group was used as the linker for the well-defined conjugation of these antigens to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). 28295752 2 31 link S-linked 450:457 arg1 variant 422:428 a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant 384:428 a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis 384:511 Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. 28295752 2 31 link S-linked 450:457 arg1 GD3 466:468 S-linked α(2→8) GD3 450:468 S-linked α(2→8) GD3 450:468 Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. 28295752 5 32 theme complete 1072:1079 arg1 Freund 1081:1086 complete Freund's adjuvant 1072:1097 complete Freund's adjuvant 1072:1097 Groups of mice were immunized with the GD3-KLH and S-linked GD3-KLH glycoconjugates in the presence of complete Freund's adjuvant. 28295752 0 33 theme Immunogenicity 66:79 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of an S-Linked α(2→8) GD3 Antigen 0:42 Synthesis of an S-Linked α(2→8) GD3 Antigen and Evaluation of the Immunogenicity of Its Glycoconjugate. 28295752 0 33 theme Immunogenicity 66:79 arg1 Evaluation 48:57 Evaluation 48:57 Evaluation of the Immunogenicity of Its Glycoconjugate 48:101 Synthesis of an S-Linked α(2→8) GD3 Antigen and Evaluation of the Immunogenicity of Its Glycoconjugate. 28295752 2 34 theme 2→8 461:463 arg1 variant 422:428 a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant 384:428 a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis 384:511 Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. 28295752 2 34 theme 2→8 461:463 arg1 GD3 466:468 S-linked α(2→8) GD3 450:468 S-linked α(2→8) GD3 450:468 Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. 28295752 2 35 theme inter-S-glycosidic 403:420 arg1 variant 422:428 a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant 384:428 a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis 384:511 Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. 28295752 2 35 theme inter-S-glycosidic 403:420 arg1 GD3 466:468 S-linked α(2→8) GD3 450:468 S-linked α(2→8) GD3 450:468 Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. 28295752 2 35 theme inter-S-glycosidic 403:420 arg1 resistant 479:487 resistant 479:487 resistant 479:487 Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. 28295752 7 36 link S-linked 1332:1339 arg1 vaccine 1349:1355 the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine 1328:1355 the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine 1328:1355 The activity of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine was comparable to that of the O-linked GD3-KLH vaccine, which highlighted the effectiveness of generating glycoconjugate vaccines and immunotherapies by relatively simple means. 28295752 1 37 theme glycoconjugate 289:302 arg1 vaccines 304:311 new glycoconjugate vaccines 285:311 new glycoconjugate vaccines 285:311 Replacing the interglycosidic oxygen atom of oligosaccharides with a nonhydrolyzable sulfur atom has attracted significant interest because it provides opportunities for developing new glycoconjugate vaccines. 28295752 3 38 theme acceptor 624:631 arg1 steps 534:538 The key steps 526:538 The key steps in the synthesis 526:555 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 3 38 theme acceptor 624:631 arg1 S-alkylation 691:702 an anomeric S-alkylation 679:702 an anomeric S-alkylation 679:702 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 3 38 theme acceptor 624:631 arg1 sialylation 597:607 a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation 561:607 a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor 561:673 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 2 39 theme GD3 437:439 arg1 antigen 441:447 the GD3 antigen 433:447 the GD3 antigen 433:447 Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. 28295752 0 40 theme α 25:25 arg1 Antigen 36:42 an S-Linked α(2→8) GD3 Antigen 13:42 an S-Linked α(2→8) GD3 Antigen 13:42 Synthesis of an S-Linked α(2→8) GD3 Antigen and Evaluation of the Immunogenicity of Its Glycoconjugate. 28295752 4 41 used used 839:842 arg2 group 829:833 The sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group 795:833 The sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group 795:833 The sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group was used as the linker for the well-defined conjugation of these antigens to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). 28295752 4 41 used used 839:842 arg2 linker 851:856 the linker 847:856 the linker for the well-defined conjugation of these antigens to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) 847:966 The sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group was used as the linker for the well-defined conjugation of these antigens to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). 28295752 3 42 theme 2→8 772:774 arg1 residue 786:792 a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue 750:792 a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue 750:792 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 4 43 theme maleimide 819:827 arg1 linker 851:856 the linker 847:856 the linker for the well-defined conjugation of these antigens to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) 847:966 The sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group was used as the linker for the well-defined conjugation of these antigens to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). 28295752 4 43 theme maleimide 819:827 arg1 group 829:833 The sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group 795:833 The sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group 795:833 The sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group was used as the linker for the well-defined conjugation of these antigens to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). 28295752 2 44 theme convergent 352:361 arg1 method 363:368 a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method 322:368 a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis 322:511 Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. 28295752 5 45 theme GD3-KLH 1008:1014 arg1 glycoconjugates 1037:1051 the GD3-KLH and S-linked GD3-KLH glycoconjugates 1004:1051 the GD3-KLH and S-linked GD3-KLH glycoconjugates 1004:1051 Groups of mice were immunized with the GD3-KLH and S-linked GD3-KLH glycoconjugates in the presence of complete Freund's adjuvant. 28295752 3 46 theme sialyl 662:667 arg1 donor 669:673 a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor 638:673 a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor 638:673 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 7 47 theme immunotherapies 1491:1505 arg1 effectiveness 1435:1447 the effectiveness 1431:1447 the effectiveness of generating glycoconjugate vaccines and immunotherapies 1431:1505 The activity of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine was comparable to that of the O-linked GD3-KLH vaccine, which highlighted the effectiveness of generating glycoconjugate vaccines and immunotherapies by relatively simple means. 28295752 7 48 theme vaccines 1478:1485 arg1 effectiveness 1435:1447 the effectiveness 1431:1447 the effectiveness of generating glycoconjugate vaccines and immunotherapies 1431:1505 The activity of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine was comparable to that of the O-linked GD3-KLH vaccine, which highlighted the effectiveness of generating glycoconjugate vaccines and immunotherapies by relatively simple means. 28295752 3 49 theme anomeric 682:689 arg1 S-alkylation 691:702 an anomeric S-alkylation 679:702 an anomeric S-alkylation 679:702 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 7 50 theme generating 1452:1461 arg1 vaccines 1478:1485 generating glycoconjugate vaccines 1452:1485 generating glycoconjugate vaccines 1452:1485 The activity of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine was comparable to that of the O-linked GD3-KLH vaccine, which highlighted the effectiveness of generating glycoconjugate vaccines and immunotherapies by relatively simple means. 28295752 7 51 theme O-linked 1387:1394 arg1 vaccine 1404:1410 the O-linked GD3-KLH vaccine 1383:1410 the O-linked GD3-KLH vaccine 1383:1410 The activity of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine was comparable to that of the O-linked GD3-KLH vaccine, which highlighted the effectiveness of generating glycoconjugate vaccines and immunotherapies by relatively simple means. 28295752 0 52 theme Glycoconjugate 88:101 arg1 Immunogenicity 66:79 the Immunogenicity 62:79 the Immunogenicity of Its Glycoconjugate 62:101 Synthesis of an S-Linked α(2→8) GD3 Antigen and Evaluation of the Immunogenicity of Its Glycoconjugate. 28295752 1 53 theme nonhydrolyzable 173:187 arg1 atom 196:199 a nonhydrolyzable sulfur atom 171:199 a nonhydrolyzable sulfur atom 171:199 Replacing the interglycosidic oxygen atom of oligosaccharides with a nonhydrolyzable sulfur atom has attracted significant interest because it provides opportunities for developing new glycoconjugate vaccines. 28295752 4 54 theme antigens 900:907 arg1 conjugation 879:889 the well-defined conjugation 862:889 the well-defined conjugation of these antigens to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) 862:966 The sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group was used as the linker for the well-defined conjugation of these antigens to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). 28295752 3 55 theme stereoselective 574:588 arg1 steps 534:538 The key steps 526:538 The key steps in the synthesis 526:555 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 3 55 theme stereoselective 574:588 arg1 sialylation 597:607 a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation 561:607 a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor 561:673 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 3 56 with S-alkylation 691:702 arg1 donor 669:673 a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor 638:673 a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor 638:673 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 6 57 theme high 1200:1203 arg1 response 1222:1229 a high immunoglobulin G response 1198:1229 a high immunoglobulin G response against S-linked GD3 1198:1250 Microarray analysis of the sera showed the promise of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine: it stimulated a high immunoglobulin G response against S-linked GD3 and cross-reactivity with the O-linked GD3 antigen was low. 28295752 3 58 theme regio- 563:568 arg1 steps 534:538 The key steps 526:538 The key steps in the synthesis 526:555 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 3 58 theme regio- 563:568 arg1 sialylation 597:607 a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation 561:607 a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor 561:673 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 4 59 theme well-defined 866:877 arg1 conjugation 879:889 the well-defined conjugation 862:889 the well-defined conjugation of these antigens to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) 862:966 The sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group was used as the linker for the well-defined conjugation of these antigens to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). 28295752 3 60 theme S-linked 761:768 arg1 residue 786:792 a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue 750:792 a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue 750:792 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 6 61 theme GD3 1291:1293 arg1 antigen 1295:1301 the O-linked GD3 antigen 1278:1301 the O-linked GD3 antigen 1278:1301 Microarray analysis of the sera showed the promise of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine: it stimulated a high immunoglobulin G response against S-linked GD3 and cross-reactivity with the O-linked GD3 antigen was low. 28295752 5 62 theme S-linked 1020:1027 arg1 glycoconjugates 1037:1051 the GD3-KLH and S-linked GD3-KLH glycoconjugates 1004:1051 the GD3-KLH and S-linked GD3-KLH glycoconjugates 1004:1051 Groups of mice were immunized with the GD3-KLH and S-linked GD3-KLH glycoconjugates in the presence of complete Freund's adjuvant. 28295752 7 63 theme GD3-KLH 1341:1347 arg1 vaccine 1349:1355 the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine 1328:1355 the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine 1328:1355 The activity of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine was comparable to that of the O-linked GD3-KLH vaccine, which highlighted the effectiveness of generating glycoconjugate vaccines and immunotherapies by relatively simple means. 28295752 3 64 theme residue 786:792 arg1 construction 734:745 stereoselective construction 718:745 stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue 718:792 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 0 65 theme Antigen 36:42 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of an S-Linked α(2→8) GD3 Antigen 0:42 Synthesis of an S-Linked α(2→8) GD3 Antigen and Evaluation of the Immunogenicity of Its Glycoconjugate. 28295752 0 65 theme Antigen 36:42 arg1 Evaluation 48:57 Evaluation 48:57 Evaluation of the Immunogenicity of Its Glycoconjugate 48:101 Synthesis of an S-Linked α(2→8) GD3 Antigen and Evaluation of the Immunogenicity of Its Glycoconjugate. 28295752 5 66 link S-linked 1020:1027 arg1 glycoconjugates 1037:1051 the GD3-KLH and S-linked GD3-KLH glycoconjugates 1004:1051 the GD3-KLH and S-linked GD3-KLH glycoconjugates 1004:1051 Groups of mice were immunized with the GD3-KLH and S-linked GD3-KLH glycoconjugates in the presence of complete Freund's adjuvant. 28295752 6 67 theme GD3-KLH 1167:1173 arg1 vaccine 1175:1181 the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine 1154:1181 the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine 1154:1181 Microarray analysis of the sera showed the promise of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine: it stimulated a high immunoglobulin G response against S-linked GD3 and cross-reactivity with the O-linked GD3 antigen was low. 28295752 1 68 theme oxygen 134:139 arg1 atom 141:144 the interglycosidic oxygen atom 114:144 the interglycosidic oxygen atom of oligosaccharides 114:164 Replacing the interglycosidic oxygen atom of oligosaccharides with a nonhydrolyzable sulfur atom has attracted significant interest because it provides opportunities for developing new glycoconjugate vaccines. 28295752 7 69 link O-linked 1387:1394 arg1 vaccine 1404:1410 the O-linked GD3-KLH vaccine 1383:1410 the O-linked GD3-KLH vaccine 1383:1410 The activity of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine was comparable to that of the O-linked GD3-KLH vaccine, which highlighted the effectiveness of generating glycoconjugate vaccines and immunotherapies by relatively simple means. 28295752 3 70 from steps 534:538 arg1 synthesis 547:555 the synthesis 543:555 the synthesis 543:555 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 4 71 theme protein 928:934 arg1 KLH 963:965 KLH 963:965 KLH 963:965 The sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group was used as the linker for the well-defined conjugation of these antigens to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). 28295752 4 71 theme protein 928:934 arg1 hemocyanin 951:960 the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin 912:960 the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) 912:966 The sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group was used as the linker for the well-defined conjugation of these antigens to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). 28295752 2 72 dep method 363:368 arg1 synthesize 373:382 synthesize 373:382 to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis 370:511 Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. 28295752 4 73 theme limpet 944:949 arg1 KLH 963:965 KLH 963:965 KLH 963:965 The sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group was used as the linker for the well-defined conjugation of these antigens to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). 28295752 4 73 theme limpet 944:949 arg1 hemocyanin 951:960 the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin 912:960 the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) 912:966 The sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group was used as the linker for the well-defined conjugation of these antigens to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). 28295752 5 74 theme adjuvant 1090:1097 arg1 Freund 1081:1086 complete Freund's adjuvant 1072:1097 complete Freund's adjuvant 1072:1097 Groups of mice were immunized with the GD3-KLH and S-linked GD3-KLH glycoconjugates in the presence of complete Freund's adjuvant. 28295752 2 75 theme non-reducing-end 386:401 arg1 variant 422:428 a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant 384:428 a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis 384:511 Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. 28295752 2 75 theme non-reducing-end 386:401 arg1 GD3 466:468 S-linked α(2→8) GD3 450:468 S-linked α(2→8) GD3 450:468 Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. 28295752 2 75 theme non-reducing-end 386:401 arg1 resistant 479:487 resistant 479:487 resistant 479:487 Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. 28295752 0 76 theme S-Linked 16:23 arg1 2→8 27:29 2→8 27:29 2→8 27:29 Synthesis of an S-Linked α(2→8) GD3 Antigen and Evaluation of the Immunogenicity of Its Glycoconjugate. 28295752 0 76 theme S-Linked 16:23 arg1 α 25:25 S-Linked α 16:25 an S-Linked α(2→8) GD3 Antigen 13:42 Synthesis of an S-Linked α(2→8) GD3 Antigen and Evaluation of the Immunogenicity of Its Glycoconjugate. 28295752 1 77 theme new 285:287 arg1 vaccines 304:311 new glycoconjugate vaccines 285:311 new glycoconjugate vaccines 285:311 Replacing the interglycosidic oxygen atom of oligosaccharides with a nonhydrolyzable sulfur atom has attracted significant interest because it provides opportunities for developing new glycoconjugate vaccines. 28295752 2 78 theme S-linked 450:457 arg1 variant 422:428 a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant 384:428 a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis 384:511 Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. 28295752 2 78 theme S-linked 450:457 arg1 GD3 466:468 S-linked α(2→8) GD3 450:468 S-linked α(2→8) GD3 450:468 Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. 28295752 3 79 theme lactoside 614:622 arg1 acceptor 624:631 a lactoside acceptor 612:631 a lactoside acceptor 612:631 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 2 80 theme antigen 441:447 arg1 variant 422:428 a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant 384:428 a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis 384:511 Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. 28295752 2 80 theme antigen 441:447 arg1 GD3 466:468 S-linked α(2→8) GD3 450:468 S-linked α(2→8) GD3 450:468 Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. 28295752 2 80 theme antigen 441:447 arg1 resistant 479:487 resistant 479:487 resistant 479:487 Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. 28295752 3 81 theme C8-iodide-derivatized 640:660 arg1 donor 669:673 a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor 638:673 a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor 638:673 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 4 82 theme sulfhydryl-reactive 799:817 arg1 linker 851:856 the linker 847:856 the linker for the well-defined conjugation of these antigens to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) 847:966 The sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group was used as the linker for the well-defined conjugation of these antigens to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). 28295752 4 82 theme sulfhydryl-reactive 799:817 arg1 group 829:833 The sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group 795:833 The sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group 795:833 The sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group was used as the linker for the well-defined conjugation of these antigens to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). 28295752 6 83 with cross-reactivity 1256:1271 arg1 antigen 1295:1301 the O-linked GD3 antigen 1278:1301 the O-linked GD3 antigen 1278:1301 Microarray analysis of the sera showed the promise of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine: it stimulated a high immunoglobulin G response against S-linked GD3 and cross-reactivity with the O-linked GD3 antigen was low. 28295752 7 84 theme simple 1521:1526 arg1 means 1528:1532 relatively simple means 1510:1532 relatively simple means 1510:1532 The activity of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine was comparable to that of the O-linked GD3-KLH vaccine, which highlighted the effectiveness of generating glycoconjugate vaccines and immunotherapies by relatively simple means. 28295752 3 85 theme α 590:590 arg1 steps 534:538 The key steps 526:538 The key steps in the synthesis 526:555 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 3 85 theme α 590:590 arg1 sialylation 597:607 a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation 561:607 a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor 561:673 The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue. 28295752 6 86 theme Microarray 1100:1109 arg1 analysis 1111:1118 Microarray analysis 1100:1118 Microarray analysis of the sera 1100:1130 Microarray analysis of the sera showed the promise of the S-linked GD3-KLH vaccine: it stimulated a high immunoglobulin G response against S-linked GD3 and cross-reactivity with the O-linked GD3 antigen was low. 28295752 2 87 theme stereocontrolled 324:339 arg1 method 363:368 a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method 322:368 a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis 322:511 Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. 28295752 1 88 theme significant 215:225 arg1 interest 227:234 significant interest 215:234 significant interest 215:234 Replacing the interglycosidic oxygen atom of oligosaccharides with a nonhydrolyzable sulfur atom has attracted significant interest because it provides opportunities for developing new glycoconjugate vaccines. 28295752 5 89 theme mice 979:982 arg1 mice 979:982 mice 979:982 mice 979:982 Groups of mice were immunized with the GD3-KLH and S-linked GD3-KLH glycoconjugates in the presence of complete Freund's adjuvant. 28295752 5 89 theme mice 979:982 arg1 Groups 969:974 Groups 969:974 Groups of mice 969:982 Groups of mice were immunized with the GD3-KLH and S-linked GD3-KLH glycoconjugates in the presence of complete Freund's adjuvant. 26499076 5 0 theme key 910:912 arg1 enzymes 925:931 the two key glycolytic enzymes 902:931 the two key glycolytic enzymes 902:931 Consistently, this mutant Sp1 increased the protein levels of the two key glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 5 0 theme key 910:912 arg1 dehydrogenase 991:1003 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 964:1003 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) 964:1011 Consistently, this mutant Sp1 increased the protein levels of the two key glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 5 0 theme key 910:912 arg1 phosphofructokinase 934:952 phosphofructokinase 934:952 phosphofructokinase (PFK) 934:958 Consistently, this mutant Sp1 increased the protein levels of the two key glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 3 1 theme glycolytic 510:519 arg1 genes 521:525 glycolytic genes 510:525 glycolytic genes 510:525 The present study reports the transcriptional activation of glycolytic genes by the transcription factor Sp1 and the O-GlcNAc-mediated suppression of Sp1-dependent activation of glycolytic genes. 26499076 0 2 theme genes 87:91 arg1 activation 62:71 Sp1 activation 58:71 Sp1 activation of glycolytic genes 58:91 O-Linked N-acetylglucosaminylation of Sp1 interferes with Sp1 activation of glycolytic genes. 26499076 3 3 theme genes 521:525 arg1 activation 496:505 the transcriptional activation 476:505 the transcriptional activation of glycolytic genes by the transcription factor Sp1 476:557 The present study reports the transcriptional activation of glycolytic genes by the transcription factor Sp1 and the O-GlcNAc-mediated suppression of Sp1-dependent activation of glycolytic genes. 26499076 3 3 theme genes 521:525 arg1 suppression 585:595 the O-GlcNAc-mediated suppression 563:595 the O-GlcNAc-mediated suppression of Sp1-dependent activation of glycolytic genes 563:643 The present study reports the transcriptional activation of glycolytic genes by the transcription factor Sp1 and the O-GlcNAc-mediated suppression of Sp1-dependent activation of glycolytic genes. 26499076 6 4 used occupied 1078:1085 arg2 Sp1 1074:1076 the mutant Sp1 1063:1076 the mutant Sp1 1063:1076 Finally, the mutant Sp1 occupied GC-rich elements on PFK and GAPDH promoters more efficiently than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 3 5 theme O-GlcNAc-mediated 567:583 arg1 suppression 585:595 the O-GlcNAc-mediated suppression 563:595 the O-GlcNAc-mediated suppression of Sp1-dependent activation of glycolytic genes 563:643 The present study reports the transcriptional activation of glycolytic genes by the transcription factor Sp1 and the O-GlcNAc-mediated suppression of Sp1-dependent activation of glycolytic genes. 26499076 7 6 theme Sp1-mediated 1229:1240 arg1 activation 1242:1251 Sp1-mediated activation 1229:1251 Sp1-mediated activation of glycolytic gene transcription 1229:1284 These results suggest that O-GlcNAcylation of Sp1 suppresses Sp1-mediated activation of glycolytic gene transcription. 26499076 6 7 from elements 1095:1102 arg1 GAPDH 1115:1119 GAPDH 1115:1119 GAPDH 1115:1119 Finally, the mutant Sp1 occupied GC-rich elements on PFK and GAPDH promoters more efficiently than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 6 7 from elements 1095:1102 arg1 PFK 1107:1109 PFK 1107:1109 PFK 1107:1109 Finally, the mutant Sp1 occupied GC-rich elements on PFK and GAPDH promoters more efficiently than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 5 8 theme enzymes 925:931 arg1 levels 892:897 the protein levels 880:897 the protein levels of the two key glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), 880:1012 Consistently, this mutant Sp1 increased the protein levels of the two key glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 3 9 theme transcription 534:546 arg1 Sp1 555:557 the transcription factor Sp1 530:557 the transcription factor Sp1 530:557 The present study reports the transcriptional activation of glycolytic genes by the transcription factor Sp1 and the O-GlcNAc-mediated suppression of Sp1-dependent activation of glycolytic genes. 26499076 7 10 theme Sp1 1214:1216 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1195:1209 O-GlcNAcylation 1195:1209 O-GlcNAcylation of Sp1 1195:1216 These results suggest that O-GlcNAcylation of Sp1 suppresses Sp1-mediated activation of glycolytic gene transcription. 26499076 3 11 theme factor 548:553 arg1 Sp1 555:557 the transcription factor Sp1 530:557 the transcription factor Sp1 530:557 The present study reports the transcriptional activation of glycolytic genes by the transcription factor Sp1 and the O-GlcNAc-mediated suppression of Sp1-dependent activation of glycolytic genes. 26499076 6 12 theme GC-rich 1087:1093 arg1 elements 1095:1102 GC-rich elements 1087:1102 GC-rich elements on PFK and GAPDH promoters 1087:1129 Finally, the mutant Sp1 occupied GC-rich elements on PFK and GAPDH promoters more efficiently than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 1 13 theme traditional 356:366 arg1 glycosylation 378:390 traditional elongated glycosylation 356:390 traditional elongated glycosylation 356:390 Glycolysis, the primary pathway metabolizing glucose for energy production, is connected to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) which produces UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a GlcNAc donor for O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc), as well as for traditional elongated glycosylation. 26499076 5 14 theme greater 1019:1025 arg1 extent 1027:1032 a greater extent 1017:1032 a greater extent than wild-type Sp1 1017:1051 Consistently, this mutant Sp1 increased the protein levels of the two key glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 4 15 theme genes 724:728 arg1 production 743:752 cellular production 734:752 cellular production of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, 734:798 O-GlcNAc-deficient mutant Sp1 stimulated the transcription of nine glycolytic genes and cellular production of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 4 15 theme genes 724:728 arg1 transcription 691:703 the transcription 687:703 the transcription of nine glycolytic genes 687:728 O-GlcNAc-deficient mutant Sp1 stimulated the transcription of nine glycolytic genes and cellular production of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 0 16 theme O-Linked 0:7 arg1 N-acetylglucosaminylation 9:33 O-Linked N-acetylglucosaminylation 0:33 O-Linked N-acetylglucosaminylation of Sp1 0:40 O-Linked N-acetylglucosaminylation of Sp1 interferes with Sp1 activation of glycolytic genes. 26499076 5 17 theme glyceraldehyde 964:977 arg1 enzymes 925:931 the two key glycolytic enzymes 902:931 the two key glycolytic enzymes 902:931 Consistently, this mutant Sp1 increased the protein levels of the two key glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 5 17 theme glyceraldehyde 964:977 arg1 GAPDH 1006:1010 GAPDH 1006:1010 GAPDH 1006:1010 Consistently, this mutant Sp1 increased the protein levels of the two key glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 5 17 theme glyceraldehyde 964:977 arg1 dehydrogenase 991:1003 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 964:1003 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) 964:1011 Consistently, this mutant Sp1 increased the protein levels of the two key glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 1 18 theme hexosamine 190:199 arg1 pathway 214:220 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 186:220 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) which produces UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a GlcNAc donor for O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc), as well as for traditional elongated glycosylation 186:390 Glycolysis, the primary pathway metabolizing glucose for energy production, is connected to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) which produces UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a GlcNAc donor for O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc), as well as for traditional elongated glycosylation. 26499076 1 18 theme hexosamine 190:199 arg1 HBP 223:225 HBP 223:225 HBP 223:225 Glycolysis, the primary pathway metabolizing glucose for energy production, is connected to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) which produces UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a GlcNAc donor for O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc), as well as for traditional elongated glycosylation. 26499076 0 19 theme Sp1 38:40 arg1 N-acetylglucosaminylation 9:33 O-Linked N-acetylglucosaminylation 0:33 O-Linked N-acetylglucosaminylation of Sp1 0:40 O-Linked N-acetylglucosaminylation of Sp1 interferes with Sp1 activation of glycolytic genes. 26499076 1 20 theme GlcNAc 283:288 arg1 donor 290:294 a GlcNAc donor 281:294 a GlcNAc donor for O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc), as well as for traditional elongated glycosylation 281:390 Glycolysis, the primary pathway metabolizing glucose for energy production, is connected to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) which produces UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a GlcNAc donor for O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc), as well as for traditional elongated glycosylation. 26499076 1 20 theme GlcNAc 283:288 arg1 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 243:265 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 243:265 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) 243:278 Glycolysis, the primary pathway metabolizing glucose for energy production, is connected to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) which produces UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a GlcNAc donor for O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc), as well as for traditional elongated glycosylation. 26499076 5 21 theme 3-phosphate 979:989 arg1 enzymes 925:931 the two key glycolytic enzymes 902:931 the two key glycolytic enzymes 902:931 Consistently, this mutant Sp1 increased the protein levels of the two key glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 5 21 theme 3-phosphate 979:989 arg1 GAPDH 1006:1010 GAPDH 1006:1010 GAPDH 1006:1010 Consistently, this mutant Sp1 increased the protein levels of the two key glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 5 21 theme 3-phosphate 979:989 arg1 dehydrogenase 991:1003 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 964:1003 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) 964:1011 Consistently, this mutant Sp1 increased the protein levels of the two key glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 1 22 theme biosynthetic 201:212 arg1 pathway 214:220 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 186:220 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) which produces UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a GlcNAc donor for O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc), as well as for traditional elongated glycosylation 186:390 Glycolysis, the primary pathway metabolizing glucose for energy production, is connected to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) which produces UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a GlcNAc donor for O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc), as well as for traditional elongated glycosylation. 26499076 1 22 theme biosynthetic 201:212 arg1 HBP 223:225 HBP 223:225 HBP 223:225 Glycolysis, the primary pathway metabolizing glucose for energy production, is connected to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) which produces UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a GlcNAc donor for O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc), as well as for traditional elongated glycosylation. 26499076 5 23 theme mutant 859:864 arg1 Sp1 866:868 this mutant Sp1 854:868 this mutant Sp1 854:868 Consistently, this mutant Sp1 increased the protein levels of the two key glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 1 24 theme elongated 368:376 arg1 glycosylation 378:390 traditional elongated glycosylation 356:390 traditional elongated glycosylation 356:390 Glycolysis, the primary pathway metabolizing glucose for energy production, is connected to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) which produces UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a GlcNAc donor for O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc), as well as for traditional elongated glycosylation. 26499076 1 25 theme primary 110:116 arg1 pathway 118:124 the primary pathway 106:124 the primary pathway metabolizing glucose for energy production 106:167 Glycolysis, the primary pathway metabolizing glucose for energy production, is connected to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) which produces UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a GlcNAc donor for O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc), as well as for traditional elongated glycosylation. 26499076 1 25 theme primary 110:116 arg1 Glycolysis 94:103 Glycolysis 94:103 Glycolysis 94:103 Glycolysis, the primary pathway metabolizing glucose for energy production, is connected to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) which produces UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a GlcNAc donor for O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc), as well as for traditional elongated glycosylation. 26499076 4 26 theme cellular 734:741 arg1 production 743:752 cellular production 734:752 cellular production of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, 734:798 O-GlcNAc-deficient mutant Sp1 stimulated the transcription of nine glycolytic genes and cellular production of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 6 27 dep PFK 1107:1109 arg1 promoters 1121:1129 promoters 1121:1129 promoters 1121:1129 Finally, the mutant Sp1 occupied GC-rich elements on PFK and GAPDH promoters more efficiently than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 4 28 theme glycolytic 713:722 arg1 genes 724:728 nine glycolytic genes 708:728 nine glycolytic genes 708:728 O-GlcNAc-deficient mutant Sp1 stimulated the transcription of nine glycolytic genes and cellular production of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 1 29 theme O-linked 300:307 arg1 O-GlcNAc 330:337 O-GlcNAc 330:337 O-GlcNAc 330:337 Glycolysis, the primary pathway metabolizing glucose for energy production, is connected to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) which produces UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a GlcNAc donor for O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc), as well as for traditional elongated glycosylation. 26499076 1 29 theme O-linked 300:307 arg1 modification 316:327 O-linked GlcNAc modification 300:327 O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc) 300:338 Glycolysis, the primary pathway metabolizing glucose for energy production, is connected to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) which produces UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a GlcNAc donor for O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc), as well as for traditional elongated glycosylation. 26499076 3 30 theme glycolytic 628:637 arg1 genes 639:643 glycolytic genes 628:643 glycolytic genes 628:643 The present study reports the transcriptional activation of glycolytic genes by the transcription factor Sp1 and the O-GlcNAc-mediated suppression of Sp1-dependent activation of glycolytic genes. 26499076 3 31 theme present 454:460 arg1 study 462:466 The present study 450:466 The present study 450:466 The present study reports the transcriptional activation of glycolytic genes by the transcription factor Sp1 and the O-GlcNAc-mediated suppression of Sp1-dependent activation of glycolytic genes. 26499076 1 32 theme GlcNAc 309:314 arg1 O-GlcNAc 330:337 O-GlcNAc 330:337 O-GlcNAc 330:337 Glycolysis, the primary pathway metabolizing glucose for energy production, is connected to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) which produces UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a GlcNAc donor for O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc), as well as for traditional elongated glycosylation. 26499076 1 32 theme GlcNAc 309:314 arg1 modification 316:327 O-linked GlcNAc modification 300:327 O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc) 300:338 Glycolysis, the primary pathway metabolizing glucose for energy production, is connected to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) which produces UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a GlcNAc donor for O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc), as well as for traditional elongated glycosylation. 26499076 3 33 theme Sp1-dependent 600:612 arg1 activation 614:623 Sp1-dependent activation 600:623 Sp1-dependent activation of glycolytic genes 600:643 The present study reports the transcriptional activation of glycolytic genes by the transcription factor Sp1 and the O-GlcNAc-mediated suppression of Sp1-dependent activation of glycolytic genes. 26499076 0 34 theme Sp1 58:60 arg1 activation 62:71 Sp1 activation 58:71 Sp1 activation of glycolytic genes 58:91 O-Linked N-acetylglucosaminylation of Sp1 interferes with Sp1 activation of glycolytic genes. 26499076 7 35 theme glycolytic 1256:1265 arg1 transcription 1272:1284 glycolytic gene transcription 1256:1284 glycolytic gene transcription 1256:1284 These results suggest that O-GlcNAcylation of Sp1 suppresses Sp1-mediated activation of glycolytic gene transcription. 26499076 3 36 theme activation 614:623 arg1 activation 496:505 the transcriptional activation 476:505 the transcriptional activation of glycolytic genes by the transcription factor Sp1 476:557 The present study reports the transcriptional activation of glycolytic genes by the transcription factor Sp1 and the O-GlcNAc-mediated suppression of Sp1-dependent activation of glycolytic genes. 26499076 3 36 theme activation 614:623 arg1 suppression 585:595 the O-GlcNAc-mediated suppression 563:595 the O-GlcNAc-mediated suppression of Sp1-dependent activation of glycolytic genes 563:643 The present study reports the transcriptional activation of glycolytic genes by the transcription factor Sp1 and the O-GlcNAc-mediated suppression of Sp1-dependent activation of glycolytic genes. 26499076 1 37 link O-linked 300:307 arg1 O-GlcNAc 330:337 O-GlcNAc 330:337 O-GlcNAc 330:337 Glycolysis, the primary pathway metabolizing glucose for energy production, is connected to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) which produces UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a GlcNAc donor for O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc), as well as for traditional elongated glycosylation. 26499076 1 37 link O-linked 300:307 arg1 modification 316:327 O-linked GlcNAc modification 300:327 O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc) 300:338 Glycolysis, the primary pathway metabolizing glucose for energy production, is connected to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) which produces UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a GlcNAc donor for O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc), as well as for traditional elongated glycosylation. 26499076 4 38 theme pyruvate 757:764 arg1 production 743:752 cellular production 734:752 cellular production of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, 734:798 O-GlcNAc-deficient mutant Sp1 stimulated the transcription of nine glycolytic genes and cellular production of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 4 38 theme pyruvate 757:764 arg1 transcription 691:703 the transcription 687:703 the transcription of nine glycolytic genes 687:728 O-GlcNAc-deficient mutant Sp1 stimulated the transcription of nine glycolytic genes and cellular production of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 4 39 theme wild-type 825:833 arg1 Sp1 835:837 wild-type Sp1 825:837 wild-type Sp1 825:837 O-GlcNAc-deficient mutant Sp1 stimulated the transcription of nine glycolytic genes and cellular production of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 5 40 theme wild-type 1039:1047 arg1 Sp1 1049:1051 wild-type Sp1 1039:1051 wild-type Sp1 1039:1051 Consistently, this mutant Sp1 increased the protein levels of the two key glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 4 41 theme final 771:775 arg1 product 777:783 the final product 767:783 the final product of glycolysis 767:797 O-GlcNAc-deficient mutant Sp1 stimulated the transcription of nine glycolytic genes and cellular production of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 4 41 theme final 771:775 arg1 pyruvate 757:764 pyruvate 757:764 pyruvate 757:764 O-GlcNAc-deficient mutant Sp1 stimulated the transcription of nine glycolytic genes and cellular production of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 4 42 theme greater 805:811 arg1 extent 813:818 a greater extent 803:818 a greater extent than wild-type Sp1 803:837 O-GlcNAc-deficient mutant Sp1 stimulated the transcription of nine glycolytic genes and cellular production of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 4 43 theme glycolysis 788:797 arg1 product 777:783 the final product 767:783 the final product of glycolysis 767:797 O-GlcNAc-deficient mutant Sp1 stimulated the transcription of nine glycolytic genes and cellular production of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 4 43 theme glycolysis 788:797 arg1 pyruvate 757:764 pyruvate 757:764 pyruvate 757:764 O-GlcNAc-deficient mutant Sp1 stimulated the transcription of nine glycolytic genes and cellular production of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 3 44 theme transcriptional 480:494 arg1 activation 496:505 the transcriptional activation 476:505 the transcriptional activation of glycolytic genes by the transcription factor Sp1 476:557 The present study reports the transcriptional activation of glycolytic genes by the transcription factor Sp1 and the O-GlcNAc-mediated suppression of Sp1-dependent activation of glycolytic genes. 26499076 0 45 theme glycolytic 76:85 arg1 genes 87:91 glycolytic genes 76:91 glycolytic genes 76:91 O-Linked N-acetylglucosaminylation of Sp1 interferes with Sp1 activation of glycolytic genes. 26499076 5 46 theme protein 884:890 arg1 levels 892:897 the protein levels 880:897 the protein levels of the two key glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), 880:1012 Consistently, this mutant Sp1 increased the protein levels of the two key glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 3 47 theme genes 639:643 arg1 activation 614:623 Sp1-dependent activation 600:623 Sp1-dependent activation of glycolytic genes 600:643 The present study reports the transcriptional activation of glycolytic genes by the transcription factor Sp1 and the O-GlcNAc-mediated suppression of Sp1-dependent activation of glycolytic genes. 26499076 6 48 theme mutant 1067:1072 arg1 Sp1 1074:1076 the mutant Sp1 1063:1076 the mutant Sp1 1063:1076 Finally, the mutant Sp1 occupied GC-rich elements on PFK and GAPDH promoters more efficiently than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 1 49 theme energy 151:156 arg1 production 158:167 energy production 151:167 energy production 151:167 Glycolysis, the primary pathway metabolizing glucose for energy production, is connected to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) which produces UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a GlcNAc donor for O-linked GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAc), as well as for traditional elongated glycosylation. 26499076 4 50 theme mutant 665:670 arg1 Sp1 672:674 O-GlcNAc-deficient mutant Sp1 646:674 O-GlcNAc-deficient mutant Sp1 646:674 O-GlcNAc-deficient mutant Sp1 stimulated the transcription of nine glycolytic genes and cellular production of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 7 51 theme gene 1267:1270 arg1 transcription 1272:1284 glycolytic gene transcription 1256:1284 glycolytic gene transcription 1256:1284 These results suggest that O-GlcNAcylation of Sp1 suppresses Sp1-mediated activation of glycolytic gene transcription. 26499076 6 52 theme wild-type 1153:1161 arg1 Sp1 1163:1165 wild-type Sp1 1153:1165 wild-type Sp1 1153:1165 Finally, the mutant Sp1 occupied GC-rich elements on PFK and GAPDH promoters more efficiently than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 5 53 theme glycolytic 914:923 arg1 enzymes 925:931 the two key glycolytic enzymes 902:931 the two key glycolytic enzymes 902:931 Consistently, this mutant Sp1 increased the protein levels of the two key glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 5 53 theme glycolytic 914:923 arg1 dehydrogenase 991:1003 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 964:1003 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) 964:1011 Consistently, this mutant Sp1 increased the protein levels of the two key glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 5 53 theme glycolytic 914:923 arg1 phosphofructokinase 934:952 phosphofructokinase 934:952 phosphofructokinase (PFK) 934:958 Consistently, this mutant Sp1 increased the protein levels of the two key glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 26499076 7 54 theme transcription 1272:1284 arg1 activation 1242:1251 Sp1-mediated activation 1229:1251 Sp1-mediated activation of glycolytic gene transcription 1229:1284 These results suggest that O-GlcNAcylation of Sp1 suppresses Sp1-mediated activation of glycolytic gene transcription. 26499076 4 55 theme O-GlcNAc-deficient 646:663 arg1 Sp1 672:674 O-GlcNAc-deficient mutant Sp1 646:674 O-GlcNAc-deficient mutant Sp1 646:674 O-GlcNAc-deficient mutant Sp1 stimulated the transcription of nine glycolytic genes and cellular production of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, to a greater extent than wild-type Sp1. 25148700 1 0 theme AD 283:284 arg1 evolution 270:278 evolution 270:278 evolution of AD 270:284 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer disease (AD); however, how DM favors evolution of AD is still insufficiently understood. 25148700 2 1 from increase 362:369 arg1 damage 441:446 damage 441:446 damage of hippocampal cells 441:467 Hyperglycemia in DM is associated to an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as damage of hippocampal cells, reflected by changes in morphological and mitochondrial functionality. 25148700 2 1 from increase 362:369 arg1 generation 418:427 mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation 374:427 mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation 374:427 Hyperglycemia in DM is associated to an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as damage of hippocampal cells, reflected by changes in morphological and mitochondrial functionality. 25148700 1 2 theme Diabetes 149:156 arg1 DM 168:169 DM 168:169 DM 168:169 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer disease (AD); however, how DM favors evolution of AD is still insufficiently understood. 25148700 1 2 theme Diabetes 149:156 arg1 mellitus 158:165 Diabetes mellitus 149:165 Diabetes mellitus (DM) 149:170 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer disease (AD); however, how DM favors evolution of AD is still insufficiently understood. 25148700 1 3 theme Alzheimer 223:231 arg1 disease 233:239 Alzheimer disease 223:239 Alzheimer disease (AD) 223:244 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer disease (AD); however, how DM favors evolution of AD is still insufficiently understood. 25148700 1 3 theme Alzheimer 223:231 arg1 AD 242:243 AD 242:243 AD 242:243 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer disease (AD); however, how DM favors evolution of AD is still insufficiently understood. 25148700 0 4 theme diabetic 73:80 arg1 patient 82:88 the diabetic patient 69:88 the diabetic patient 69:88 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient could be the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease. 25148700 7 5 theme mOGT 1371:1374 arg1 overexpression 1353:1366 overexpression 1353:1366 overexpression of mOGT 1353:1374 Previous reports showed that overexpression of ncOGT is not toxic to the cell; in contrast, overexpression of mOGT is associated with cellular apoptosis. 25148700 7 6 theme cellular 1395:1402 arg1 apoptosis 1404:1412 cellular apoptosis 1395:1412 cellular apoptosis 1395:1412 Previous reports showed that overexpression of ncOGT is not toxic to the cell; in contrast, overexpression of mOGT is associated with cellular apoptosis. 25148700 9 7 with patients 1750:1757 arg1 DM 1764:1765 DM 1764:1765 DM 1764:1765 In consequence, mOGT activity could be a key point for AD development in patients with DM. 25148700 1 8 theme disease 233:239 arg1 development 208:218 the development 204:218 the development of Alzheimer disease (AD) 204:244 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer disease (AD); however, how DM favors evolution of AD is still insufficiently understood. 25148700 2 9 theme cells 463:467 arg1 damage 441:446 damage 441:446 damage of hippocampal cells 441:467 Hyperglycemia in DM is associated to an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as damage of hippocampal cells, reflected by changes in morphological and mitochondrial functionality. 25148700 2 9 theme cells 463:467 arg1 generation 418:427 mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation 374:427 mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation 374:427 Hyperglycemia in DM is associated to an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as damage of hippocampal cells, reflected by changes in morphological and mitochondrial functionality. 25148700 8 10 dep structure 1551:1559 arg1 the 1547:1549 the 1547:1549 the 1547:1549 In this work, we suggest that hyperglycemia in the diabetic patient could induce greater expression and activity of mOGT, modifying the structure and functionality of mitochondria in hippocampal cells, accelerating neuronal damage, and favoring the start of AD. 25148700 0 11 link O-linked 18:25 arg1 trigger 111:117 the initial trigger 99:117 the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease 99:146 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient could be the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease. 25148700 0 11 link O-linked 18:25 arg1 mOGT 60:63 mOGT 60:63 mOGT 60:63 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient could be the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease. 25148700 0 11 link O-linked 18:25 arg1 transferase 47:57 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:57 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient 0:88 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient could be the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease. 25148700 8 12 theme mitochondria 1582:1593 arg1 structure 1551:1559 structure 1551:1559 structure 1551:1559 In this work, we suggest that hyperglycemia in the diabetic patient could induce greater expression and activity of mOGT, modifying the structure and functionality of mitochondria in hippocampal cells, accelerating neuronal damage, and favoring the start of AD. 25148700 8 12 theme mitochondria 1582:1593 arg1 functionality 1565:1577 functionality 1565:1577 functionality 1565:1577 In this work, we suggest that hyperglycemia in the diabetic patient could induce greater expression and activity of mOGT, modifying the structure and functionality of mitochondria in hippocampal cells, accelerating neuronal damage, and favoring the start of AD. 25148700 2 13 theme hippocampal 451:461 arg1 cells 463:467 hippocampal cells 451:467 hippocampal cells 451:467 Hyperglycemia in DM is associated to an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as damage of hippocampal cells, reflected by changes in morphological and mitochondrial functionality. 25148700 8 14 from structure 1551:1559 arg1 cells 1610:1614 hippocampal cells 1598:1614 hippocampal cells 1598:1614 In this work, we suggest that hyperglycemia in the diabetic patient could induce greater expression and activity of mOGT, modifying the structure and functionality of mitochondria in hippocampal cells, accelerating neuronal damage, and favoring the start of AD. 25148700 4 15 theme glucose 673:679 arg1 excess 663:668 the excess 659:668 the excess of glucose in the brain 659:692 In DM, the excess of glucose in the brain induces higher activity of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), it synthesizes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which is used by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) to catalyze O-GlcNAcylation of numerous proteins. 25148700 0 16 theme initial 103:109 arg1 trigger 111:117 the initial trigger 99:117 the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease 99:146 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient could be the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease. 25148700 0 16 theme initial 103:109 arg1 transferase 47:57 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:57 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient 0:88 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient could be the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease. 25148700 5 17 theme chronic 1033:1039 arg1 activity 1041:1048 chronic activity 1033:1048 chronic activity of this pathway 1033:1064 Although O-GlcNAcylation plays an important role in maintaining structure and cellular functionality, chronic activity of this pathway has been associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia-induced glucose toxicity. 25148700 7 18 theme ncOGT 1308:1312 arg1 overexpression 1290:1303 overexpression 1290:1303 overexpression of ncOGT 1290:1312 Previous reports showed that overexpression of ncOGT is not toxic to the cell; in contrast, overexpression of mOGT is associated with cellular apoptosis. 25148700 8 19 theme neuronal 1630:1637 arg1 damage 1639:1644 neuronal damage 1630:1644 neuronal damage 1630:1644 In this work, we suggest that hyperglycemia in the diabetic patient could induce greater expression and activity of mOGT, modifying the structure and functionality of mitochondria in hippocampal cells, accelerating neuronal damage, and favoring the start of AD. 25148700 8 20 theme hippocampal 1598:1608 arg1 cells 1610:1614 hippocampal cells 1598:1614 hippocampal cells 1598:1614 In this work, we suggest that hyperglycemia in the diabetic patient could induce greater expression and activity of mOGT, modifying the structure and functionality of mitochondria in hippocampal cells, accelerating neuronal damage, and favoring the start of AD. 25148700 3 21 theme patients 642:649 arg1 brain 630:634 the brain 626:634 the brain of AD patients 626:649 Similar mitochondrial damage has been observed when amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulates in the brain of AD patients. 25148700 5 22 theme pathway 1058:1064 arg1 activity 1041:1048 chronic activity 1033:1048 chronic activity of this pathway 1033:1064 Although O-GlcNAcylation plays an important role in maintaining structure and cellular functionality, chronic activity of this pathway has been associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia-induced glucose toxicity. 25148700 9 23 theme mOGT 1693:1696 arg1 activity 1698:1705 mOGT activity 1693:1705 mOGT activity 1693:1705 In consequence, mOGT activity could be a key point for AD development in patients with DM. 25148700 9 23 theme mOGT 1693:1696 arg1 point 1722:1726 a key point 1716:1726 a key point for AD development in patients with DM 1716:1765 In consequence, mOGT activity could be a key point for AD development in patients with DM. 25148700 4 24 theme O-linked 834:841 arg1 OGT 876:878 OGT 876:878 OGT 876:878 In DM, the excess of glucose in the brain induces higher activity of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), it synthesizes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which is used by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) to catalyze O-GlcNAcylation of numerous proteins. 25148700 4 24 theme O-linked 834:841 arg1 transferase 863:873 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 834:873 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 834:879 In DM, the excess of glucose in the brain induces higher activity of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), it synthesizes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which is used by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) to catalyze O-GlcNAcylation of numerous proteins. 25148700 0 25 theme mitochondrial 4:16 arg1 trigger 111:117 the initial trigger 99:117 the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease 99:146 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient could be the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease. 25148700 0 25 theme mitochondrial 4:16 arg1 mOGT 60:63 mOGT 60:63 mOGT 60:63 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient could be the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease. 25148700 0 25 theme mitochondrial 4:16 arg1 transferase 47:57 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:57 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient 0:88 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient could be the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease. 25148700 0 26 from transferase 47:57 arg1 patient 82:88 the diabetic patient 69:88 the diabetic patient 69:88 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient could be the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease. 25148700 4 27 from excess 663:668 arg1 brain 688:692 the brain 684:692 the brain 684:692 In DM, the excess of glucose in the brain induces higher activity of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), it synthesizes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which is used by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) to catalyze O-GlcNAcylation of numerous proteins. 25148700 9 28 from development 1735:1745 arg1 patients 1750:1757 patients 1750:1757 patients with DM 1750:1765 In consequence, mOGT activity could be a key point for AD development in patients with DM. 25148700 2 29 theme oxygen 397:402 arg1 ROS 413:415 ROS 413:415 ROS 413:415 Hyperglycemia in DM is associated to an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as damage of hippocampal cells, reflected by changes in morphological and mitochondrial functionality. 25148700 2 29 theme oxygen 397:402 arg1 species 404:410 reactive oxygen species 388:410 mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation 374:427 Hyperglycemia in DM is associated to an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as damage of hippocampal cells, reflected by changes in morphological and mitochondrial functionality. 25148700 2 30 from Hyperglycemia 322:334 arg1 DM 339:340 DM 339:340 DM 339:340 Hyperglycemia in DM is associated to an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as damage of hippocampal cells, reflected by changes in morphological and mitochondrial functionality. 25148700 8 31 from hyperglycemia 1445:1457 arg1 patient 1475:1481 the diabetic patient 1462:1481 the diabetic patient 1462:1481 In this work, we suggest that hyperglycemia in the diabetic patient could induce greater expression and activity of mOGT, modifying the structure and functionality of mitochondria in hippocampal cells, accelerating neuronal damage, and favoring the start of AD. 25148700 0 32 theme N-acetylglucosamine 27:45 arg1 trigger 111:117 the initial trigger 99:117 the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease 99:146 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient could be the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease. 25148700 0 32 theme N-acetylglucosamine 27:45 arg1 mOGT 60:63 mOGT 60:63 mOGT 60:63 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient could be the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease. 25148700 0 32 theme N-acetylglucosamine 27:45 arg1 transferase 47:57 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:57 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient 0:88 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient could be the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease. 25148700 5 33 theme hyperglycemia-induced 1114:1134 arg1 toxicity 1144:1151 hyperglycemia-induced glucose toxicity 1114:1151 hyperglycemia-induced glucose toxicity 1114:1151 Although O-GlcNAcylation plays an important role in maintaining structure and cellular functionality, chronic activity of this pathway has been associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia-induced glucose toxicity. 25148700 8 34 dep induce 1489:1494 arg1 modifying 1537:1545 modifying 1537:1545 modifying the structure and functionality of mitochondria in hippocampal cells 1537:1614 In this work, we suggest that hyperglycemia in the diabetic patient could induce greater expression and activity of mOGT, modifying the structure and functionality of mitochondria in hippocampal cells, accelerating neuronal damage, and favoring the start of AD. 25148700 8 34 dep induce 1489:1494 arg1 accelerating 1617:1628 accelerating 1617:1628 accelerating neuronal damage 1617:1644 In this work, we suggest that hyperglycemia in the diabetic patient could induce greater expression and activity of mOGT, modifying the structure and functionality of mitochondria in hippocampal cells, accelerating neuronal damage, and favoring the start of AD. 25148700 8 34 dep induce 1489:1494 arg1 favoring 1651:1658 favoring 1651:1658 favoring the start of AD 1651:1674 In this work, we suggest that hyperglycemia in the diabetic patient could induce greater expression and activity of mOGT, modifying the structure and functionality of mitochondria in hippocampal cells, accelerating neuronal damage, and favoring the start of AD. 25148700 4 35 theme hexosamine 725:734 arg1 HBP 758:760 HBP 758:760 HBP 758:760 In DM, the excess of glucose in the brain induces higher activity of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), it synthesizes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which is used by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) to catalyze O-GlcNAcylation of numerous proteins. 25148700 4 35 theme hexosamine 725:734 arg1 pathway 749:755 the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway 721:755 the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) 721:761 In DM, the excess of glucose in the brain induces higher activity of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), it synthesizes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which is used by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) to catalyze O-GlcNAcylation of numerous proteins. 25148700 2 36 theme mitochondrial 374:386 arg1 generation 418:427 mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation 374:427 mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation 374:427 Hyperglycemia in DM is associated to an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as damage of hippocampal cells, reflected by changes in morphological and mitochondrial functionality. 25148700 5 37 theme glucose 1136:1142 arg1 toxicity 1144:1151 hyperglycemia-induced glucose toxicity 1114:1151 hyperglycemia-induced glucose toxicity 1114:1151 Although O-GlcNAcylation plays an important role in maintaining structure and cellular functionality, chronic activity of this pathway has been associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia-induced glucose toxicity. 25148700 8 38 from functionality 1565:1577 arg1 cells 1610:1614 hippocampal cells 1598:1614 hippocampal cells 1598:1614 In this work, we suggest that hyperglycemia in the diabetic patient could induce greater expression and activity of mOGT, modifying the structure and functionality of mitochondria in hippocampal cells, accelerating neuronal damage, and favoring the start of AD. 25148700 4 39 theme numerous 912:919 arg1 proteins 921:928 numerous proteins 912:928 numerous proteins 912:928 In DM, the excess of glucose in the brain induces higher activity of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), it synthesizes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which is used by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) to catalyze O-GlcNAcylation of numerous proteins. 25148700 0 40 theme Alzheimer 130:138 arg1 disease 140:146 Alzheimer disease 130:146 Alzheimer disease 130:146 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient could be the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease. 25148700 3 41 theme Similar 541:547 arg1 damage 563:568 Similar mitochondrial damage 541:568 Similar mitochondrial damage 541:568 Similar mitochondrial damage has been observed when amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulates in the brain of AD patients. 25148700 1 42 theme risk 188:191 arg1 factor 193:198 a risk factor 186:198 a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer disease (AD) 186:244 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer disease (AD); however, how DM favors evolution of AD is still insufficiently understood. 25148700 6 43 dep known 1187:1191 arg1 mOGT 1254:1257 mOGT 1254:1257 mOGT 1254:1257 Three different forms of OGT are known: nucleocytoplasmic (ncOGT), short (sOGT), and mitochondrial (mOGT). 25148700 6 43 dep known 1187:1191 arg1 nucleocytoplasmic 1194:1210 nucleocytoplasmic 1194:1210 nucleocytoplasmic 1194:1210 Three different forms of OGT are known: nucleocytoplasmic (ncOGT), short (sOGT), and mitochondrial (mOGT). 25148700 6 43 dep known 1187:1191 arg1 sOGT 1228:1231 sOGT 1228:1231 sOGT 1228:1231 Three different forms of OGT are known: nucleocytoplasmic (ncOGT), short (sOGT), and mitochondrial (mOGT). 25148700 6 43 dep known 1187:1191 arg1 ncOGT 1213:1217 ncOGT 1213:1217 ncOGT 1213:1217 Three different forms of OGT are known: nucleocytoplasmic (ncOGT), short (sOGT), and mitochondrial (mOGT). 25148700 6 43 dep known 1187:1191 arg1 short 1221:1225 short 1221:1225 short 1221:1225 Three different forms of OGT are known: nucleocytoplasmic (ncOGT), short (sOGT), and mitochondrial (mOGT). 25148700 6 43 dep known 1187:1191 arg1 mitochondrial 1239:1251 mitochondrial 1239:1251 mitochondrial 1239:1251 Three different forms of OGT are known: nucleocytoplasmic (ncOGT), short (sOGT), and mitochondrial (mOGT). 25148700 5 44 theme cellular 1009:1016 arg1 functionality 1018:1030 cellular functionality 1009:1030 cellular functionality 1009:1030 Although O-GlcNAcylation plays an important role in maintaining structure and cellular functionality, chronic activity of this pathway has been associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia-induced glucose toxicity. 25148700 2 45 theme reactive 388:395 arg1 ROS 413:415 ROS 413:415 ROS 413:415 Hyperglycemia in DM is associated to an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as damage of hippocampal cells, reflected by changes in morphological and mitochondrial functionality. 25148700 2 45 theme reactive 388:395 arg1 species 404:410 reactive oxygen species 388:410 mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation 374:427 Hyperglycemia in DM is associated to an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as damage of hippocampal cells, reflected by changes in morphological and mitochondrial functionality. 25148700 9 46 theme key 1718:1720 arg1 activity 1698:1705 mOGT activity 1693:1705 mOGT activity 1693:1705 In consequence, mOGT activity could be a key point for AD development in patients with DM. 25148700 9 46 theme key 1718:1720 arg1 point 1722:1726 a key point 1716:1726 a key point for AD development in patients with DM 1716:1765 In consequence, mOGT activity could be a key point for AD development in patients with DM. 25148700 8 47 theme diabetic 1466:1473 arg1 patient 1475:1481 the diabetic patient 1462:1481 the diabetic patient 1462:1481 In this work, we suggest that hyperglycemia in the diabetic patient could induce greater expression and activity of mOGT, modifying the structure and functionality of mitochondria in hippocampal cells, accelerating neuronal damage, and favoring the start of AD. 25148700 2 48 theme mitochondrial 512:524 arg1 functionality 526:538 morphological and mitochondrial functionality 494:538 morphological and mitochondrial functionality 494:538 Hyperglycemia in DM is associated to an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as damage of hippocampal cells, reflected by changes in morphological and mitochondrial functionality. 25148700 3 49 theme amyloid 593:599 arg1 beta 601:604 amyloid beta 593:604 amyloid beta (Aβ) 593:609 Similar mitochondrial damage has been observed when amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulates in the brain of AD patients. 25148700 3 49 theme amyloid 593:599 arg1 Aβ 607:608 Aβ 607:608 Aβ 607:608 Similar mitochondrial damage has been observed when amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulates in the brain of AD patients. 25148700 4 50 theme pathway 749:755 arg1 activity 709:716 higher activity 702:716 higher activity of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) 702:761 In DM, the excess of glucose in the brain induces higher activity of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), it synthesizes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which is used by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) to catalyze O-GlcNAcylation of numerous proteins. 25148700 8 51 dep greater 1496:1502 arg1 expression 1504:1513 expression 1504:1513 expression 1504:1513 In this work, we suggest that hyperglycemia in the diabetic patient could induce greater expression and activity of mOGT, modifying the structure and functionality of mitochondria in hippocampal cells, accelerating neuronal damage, and favoring the start of AD. 25148700 4 52 theme proteins 921:928 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 893:907 O-GlcNAcylation 893:907 O-GlcNAcylation of numerous proteins 893:928 In DM, the excess of glucose in the brain induces higher activity of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), it synthesizes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which is used by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) to catalyze O-GlcNAcylation of numerous proteins. 25148700 5 53 theme insulin 1091:1097 arg1 resistance 1099:1108 insulin resistance 1091:1108 insulin resistance 1091:1108 Although O-GlcNAcylation plays an important role in maintaining structure and cellular functionality, chronic activity of this pathway has been associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia-induced glucose toxicity. 25148700 5 54 theme important 965:973 arg1 role 975:978 an important role 962:978 an important role 962:978 Although O-GlcNAcylation plays an important role in maintaining structure and cellular functionality, chronic activity of this pathway has been associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia-induced glucose toxicity. 25148700 4 55 theme biosynthesis 736:747 arg1 HBP 758:760 HBP 758:760 HBP 758:760 In DM, the excess of glucose in the brain induces higher activity of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), it synthesizes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which is used by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) to catalyze O-GlcNAcylation of numerous proteins. 25148700 4 55 theme biosynthesis 736:747 arg1 pathway 749:755 the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway 721:755 the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) 721:761 In DM, the excess of glucose in the brain induces higher activity of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), it synthesizes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which is used by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) to catalyze O-GlcNAcylation of numerous proteins. 25148700 7 56 theme Previous 1261:1268 arg1 reports 1270:1276 Previous reports 1261:1276 Previous reports 1261:1276 Previous reports showed that overexpression of ncOGT is not toxic to the cell; in contrast, overexpression of mOGT is associated with cellular apoptosis. 25148700 2 57 theme morphological 494:506 arg1 functionality 526:538 morphological and mitochondrial functionality 494:538 morphological and mitochondrial functionality 494:538 Hyperglycemia in DM is associated to an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as damage of hippocampal cells, reflected by changes in morphological and mitochondrial functionality. 25148700 4 58 theme higher 702:707 arg1 activity 709:716 higher activity 702:716 higher activity of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) 702:761 In DM, the excess of glucose in the brain induces higher activity of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), it synthesizes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which is used by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) to catalyze O-GlcNAcylation of numerous proteins. 25148700 3 59 theme mitochondrial 549:561 arg1 damage 563:568 Similar mitochondrial damage 541:568 Similar mitochondrial damage 541:568 Similar mitochondrial damage has been observed when amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulates in the brain of AD patients. 25148700 9 60 theme AD 1732:1733 arg1 development 1735:1745 AD development 1732:1745 AD development in patients with DM 1732:1765 In consequence, mOGT activity could be a key point for AD development in patients with DM. 25148700 6 61 theme OGT 1179:1181 arg1 forms 1170:1174 Three different forms 1154:1174 Three different forms of OGT 1154:1181 Three different forms of OGT are known: nucleocytoplasmic (ncOGT), short (sOGT), and mitochondrial (mOGT). 25148700 6 62 theme different 1160:1168 arg1 forms 1170:1174 Three different forms 1154:1174 Three different forms of OGT 1154:1181 Three different forms of OGT are known: nucleocytoplasmic (ncOGT), short (sOGT), and mitochondrial (mOGT). 25148700 4 63 theme N-acetylglucosamine 843:861 arg1 OGT 876:878 OGT 876:878 OGT 876:878 In DM, the excess of glucose in the brain induces higher activity of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), it synthesizes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which is used by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) to catalyze O-GlcNAcylation of numerous proteins. 25148700 4 63 theme N-acetylglucosamine 843:861 arg1 transferase 863:873 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 834:873 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 834:879 In DM, the excess of glucose in the brain induces higher activity of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), it synthesizes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which is used by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) to catalyze O-GlcNAcylation of numerous proteins. 25148700 4 64 link O-linked 834:841 arg1 OGT 876:878 OGT 876:878 OGT 876:878 In DM, the excess of glucose in the brain induces higher activity of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), it synthesizes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which is used by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) to catalyze O-GlcNAcylation of numerous proteins. 25148700 4 64 link O-linked 834:841 arg1 transferase 863:873 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 834:873 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 834:879 In DM, the excess of glucose in the brain induces higher activity of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), it synthesizes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which is used by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) to catalyze O-GlcNAcylation of numerous proteins. 25148700 8 65 theme AD 1673:1674 arg1 start 1664:1668 the start 1660:1668 the start of AD 1660:1674 In this work, we suggest that hyperglycemia in the diabetic patient could induce greater expression and activity of mOGT, modifying the structure and functionality of mitochondria in hippocampal cells, accelerating neuronal damage, and favoring the start of AD. 25148700 2 66 from changes 483:489 arg1 functionality 526:538 morphological and mitochondrial functionality 494:538 morphological and mitochondrial functionality 494:538 Hyperglycemia in DM is associated to an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as damage of hippocampal cells, reflected by changes in morphological and mitochondrial functionality. 25148700 0 67 theme O-linked 18:25 arg1 trigger 111:117 the initial trigger 99:117 the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease 99:146 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient could be the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease. 25148700 0 67 theme O-linked 18:25 arg1 mOGT 60:63 mOGT 60:63 mOGT 60:63 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient could be the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease. 25148700 0 67 theme O-linked 18:25 arg1 transferase 47:57 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase 0:57 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient 0:88 The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient could be the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease. 25148700 3 68 theme AD 639:640 arg1 patients 642:649 AD patients 639:649 AD patients 639:649 Similar mitochondrial damage has been observed when amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulates in the brain of AD patients. 25148700 2 69 theme species 404:410 arg1 generation 418:427 mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation 374:427 mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation 374:427 Hyperglycemia in DM is associated to an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as damage of hippocampal cells, reflected by changes in morphological and mitochondrial functionality. 25148700 9 70 from point 1722:1726 arg1 consequence 1680:1690 consequence 1680:1690 consequence 1680:1690 In consequence, mOGT activity could be a key point for AD development in patients with DM. 25148700 4 71 used used 826:829 arg2 UDP-GlcNAc 804:813 UDP-GlcNAc 804:813 UDP-GlcNAc 804:813 In DM, the excess of glucose in the brain induces higher activity of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), it synthesizes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which is used by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) to catalyze O-GlcNAcylation of numerous proteins. 25148700 4 71 used used 826:829 arg2 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 779:801 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 779:801 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) 779:814 In DM, the excess of glucose in the brain induces higher activity of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), it synthesizes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which is used by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) to catalyze O-GlcNAcylation of numerous proteins. 28827815 6 0 theme asparagine 1336:1345 arg1 deamidation 1321:1331 the concomitant deamidation 1305:1331 the concomitant deamidation of asparagine 1305:1345 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.96, Endo H), another deglycosylating enzyme, catalyzes cleavage between two N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residues of the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans, leaving a single N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residue without the concomitant deamidation of asparagine. 28827815 1 1 theme superior 285:292 arg1 efficiency 294:303 superior efficiency 285:303 superior efficiency 285:303 A plant transient expression system, with eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery, offers superior efficiency, scalability, safety, and lower cost over other expression systems. 28827815 6 2 theme core 1223:1226 arg1 residues 1196:1203 two N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residues 1169:1203 two N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residues of the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans 1169:1246 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.96, Endo H), another deglycosylating enzyme, catalyzes cleavage between two N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residues of the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans, leaving a single N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residue without the concomitant deamidation of asparagine. 28827815 6 2 theme core 1223:1226 arg1 core 1223:1226 the chitobiose core 1208:1226 the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans 1208:1246 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.96, Endo H), another deglycosylating enzyme, catalyzes cleavage between two N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residues of the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans, leaving a single N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residue without the concomitant deamidation of asparagine. 28827815 9 3 link N-linked 1574:1581 arg1 glycans 1583:1589 successfully cleaved N-linked glycans 1553:1589 successfully cleaved N-linked glycans from glycoproteins 1553:1608 and successfully cleaved N-linked glycans from glycoproteins were tested. 28827815 7 4 theme Endo 1476:1479 arg1 H 1481:1481 bacterial Endo H 1466:1481 bacterial Endo H 1466:1481 In this study, a method for in vivo deglycosylation of recombinant proteins in plants by transient co-expression with bacterial Endo H is described for the first time. 28827815 11 5 theme PNGase 1937:1942 arg1 counterpart 1961:1971 a PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart 1935:1971 a PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart 1935:1971 Furthermore, the deglycosylated PA83 molecule produced by Endo H showed better stability than a PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 3 6 gly non-glycosylated 623:638 arg1 form 640:643 a non-glycosylated form 621:643 a non-glycosylated form while preserving their native sequence 621:682 Therefore, it is crucial to develop a strategy to produce target proteins in a non-glycosylated form while preserving their native sequence, conformation and biological activity. 28827815 7 7 with co-expression 1447:1459 arg1 H 1481:1481 bacterial Endo H 1466:1481 bacterial Endo H 1466:1481 In this study, a method for in vivo deglycosylation of recombinant proteins in plants by transient co-expression with bacterial Endo H is described for the first time. 28827815 1 8 theme plant 184:188 arg1 system 211:216 A plant transient expression system 182:216 A plant transient expression system 182:216 A plant transient expression system, with eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery, offers superior efficiency, scalability, safety, and lower cost over other expression systems. 28827815 10 9 theme deglycosylated 1813:1826 arg1 counterpart 1828:1838 its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart 1800:1838 its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart 1800:1838 In addition, unlike the glycosylated form, in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 was recognized by conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody, in a manner similar to its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 1 10 theme expression 200:209 arg1 system 211:216 A plant transient expression system 182:216 A plant transient expression system 182:216 A plant transient expression system, with eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery, offers superior efficiency, scalability, safety, and lower cost over other expression systems. 28827815 7 11 gly deglycosylation 1384:1398 arg1 proteins 1415:1422 recombinant proteins 1403:1422 recombinant proteins in plants 1403:1432 In this study, a method for in vivo deglycosylation of recombinant proteins in plants by transient co-expression with bacterial Endo H is described for the first time. 28827815 7 12 theme transient 1437:1445 arg1 co-expression 1447:1459 transient co-expression 1437:1459 transient co-expression with bacterial Endo H 1437:1481 In this study, a method for in vivo deglycosylation of recombinant proteins in plants by transient co-expression with bacterial Endo H is described for the first time. 28827815 10 13 theme PNGase 1804:1809 arg1 counterpart 1828:1838 its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart 1800:1838 its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart 1800:1838 In addition, unlike the glycosylated form, in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 was recognized by conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody, in a manner similar to its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 12 14 theme H 1988:1988 arg1 approach 2014:2021 an Endo H in vivo deglycosylation approach 1980:2021 an Endo H in vivo deglycosylation approach 1980:2021 Thus, an Endo H in vivo deglycosylation approach provides another opportunity to develop vaccine antigens, therapeutic proteins, antibodies, and industrial enzymes. 28827815 0 15 from plants 85:90 arg1 production 8:17 In vivo production 0:17 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 0:180 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 28827815 6 16 theme N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine 1266:1287 arg1 residue 1289:1295 a single N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residue 1257:1295 a single N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residue 1257:1295 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.96, Endo H), another deglycosylating enzyme, catalyzes cleavage between two N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residues of the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans, leaving a single N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residue without the concomitant deamidation of asparagine. 28827815 11 17 theme F 1944:1944 arg1 counterpart 1961:1971 a PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart 1935:1971 a PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart 1935:1971 Furthermore, the deglycosylated PA83 molecule produced by Endo H showed better stability than a PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 6 18 link N-linked 1231:1238 arg1 glycans 1240:1246 N-linked glycans 1231:1246 N-linked glycans 1231:1246 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.96, Endo H), another deglycosylating enzyme, catalyzes cleavage between two N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residues of the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans, leaving a single N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residue without the concomitant deamidation of asparagine. 28827815 3 19 theme target 602:607 arg1 proteins 609:616 target proteins 602:616 target proteins 602:616 Therefore, it is crucial to develop a strategy to produce target proteins in a non-glycosylated form while preserving their native sequence, conformation and biological activity. 28827815 1 20 theme eukaryotic 224:233 arg1 machinery 267:275 eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery 224:275 eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery 224:275 A plant transient expression system, with eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery, offers superior efficiency, scalability, safety, and lower cost over other expression systems. 28827815 5 21 gly glycosylated 920:931 arg1 proteins 933:940 glycosylated proteins 920:940 glycosylated proteins 920:940 Though PNGase F removes oligosaccharides from glycosylated proteins, in so doing it causes an amino acid change due to the deamidation of asparagine to aspartate in the N-X-S/T site. 28827815 7 22 theme proteins 1415:1422 arg1 deglycosylation 1384:1398 in vivo deglycosylation 1376:1398 in vivo deglycosylation of recombinant proteins in plants 1376:1432 In this study, a method for in vivo deglycosylation of recombinant proteins in plants by transient co-expression with bacterial Endo H is described for the first time. 28827815 10 23 theme glycosylated 1647:1658 arg1 form 1660:1663 the glycosylated form 1643:1663 the glycosylated form 1643:1663 In addition, unlike the glycosylated form, in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 was recognized by conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody, in a manner similar to its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 11 24 theme deglycosylated 1858:1871 arg1 molecule 1878:1885 the deglycosylated PA83 molecule 1854:1885 the deglycosylated PA83 molecule produced by Endo H 1854:1904 Furthermore, the deglycosylated PA83 molecule produced by Endo H showed better stability than a PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 0 25 theme plicatus 172:179 arg1 H 153:153 Endo H 148:153 Endo H 148:153 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 28827815 0 25 theme plicatus 172:179 arg1 H 145:145 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H 114:145 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus 114:179 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 28827815 3 26 theme non-glycosylated 623:638 arg1 form 640:643 a non-glycosylated form 621:643 a non-glycosylated form while preserving their native sequence 621:682 Therefore, it is crucial to develop a strategy to produce target proteins in a non-glycosylated form while preserving their native sequence, conformation and biological activity. 28827815 6 27 theme N-linked 1231:1238 arg1 glycans 1240:1246 N-linked glycans 1231:1246 N-linked glycans 1231:1246 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.96, Endo H), another deglycosylating enzyme, catalyzes cleavage between two N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residues of the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans, leaving a single N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residue without the concomitant deamidation of asparagine. 28827815 0 28 theme Nicotiana 63:71 arg1 plants 85:90 Nicotiana benthamiana plants 63:90 Nicotiana benthamiana plants 63:90 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 28827815 1 29 theme other 347:351 arg1 systems 364:370 other expression systems 347:370 other expression systems 347:370 A plant transient expression system, with eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery, offers superior efficiency, scalability, safety, and lower cost over other expression systems. 28827815 5 30 theme glycosylated 920:931 arg1 proteins 933:940 glycosylated proteins 920:940 glycosylated proteins 920:940 Though PNGase F removes oligosaccharides from glycosylated proteins, in so doing it causes an amino acid change due to the deamidation of asparagine to aspartate in the N-X-S/T site. 28827815 2 31 theme N-linked 506:513 arg1 glycans 515:521 N-linked glycans 506:521 N-linked glycans 506:521 However, due to aberrant N-glycosylation, this expression system may not be a suitable expression platform for proteins not carrying N-linked glycans in the native hosts. 28827815 0 32 from production 8:17 arg1 plants 85:90 Nicotiana benthamiana plants 63:90 Nicotiana benthamiana plants 63:90 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 28827815 5 33 from proteins 933:940 arg1 oligosaccharides 898:913 oligosaccharides 898:913 oligosaccharides from glycosylated proteins 898:940 Though PNGase F removes oligosaccharides from glycosylated proteins, in so doing it causes an amino acid change due to the deamidation of asparagine to aspartate in the N-X-S/T site. 28827815 9 34 theme cleaved 1566:1572 arg1 glycans 1583:1589 successfully cleaved N-linked glycans 1553:1589 successfully cleaved N-linked glycans from glycoproteins 1553:1608 and successfully cleaved N-linked glycans from glycoproteins were tested. 28827815 7 35 theme recombinant 1403:1413 arg1 proteins 1415:1422 recombinant proteins 1403:1422 recombinant proteins in plants 1403:1432 In this study, a method for in vivo deglycosylation of recombinant proteins in plants by transient co-expression with bacterial Endo H is described for the first time. 28827815 5 36 theme due 986:988 arg1 change 979:984 an amino acid change 965:984 an amino acid change due to the deamidation of asparagine to aspartate 965:1034 Though PNGase F removes oligosaccharides from glycosylated proteins, in so doing it causes an amino acid change due to the deamidation of asparagine to aspartate in the N-X-S/T site. 28827815 2 37 theme native 530:535 arg1 hosts 537:541 the native hosts 526:541 the native hosts 526:541 However, due to aberrant N-glycosylation, this expression system may not be a suitable expression platform for proteins not carrying N-linked glycans in the native hosts. 28827815 0 38 from proteins 51:58 arg1 plants 85:90 Nicotiana benthamiana plants 63:90 Nicotiana benthamiana plants 63:90 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 28827815 10 39 theme deglycosylated 1681:1694 arg1 Pfs48/45 1696:1703 in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 1666:1703 in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 1666:1703 In addition, unlike the glycosylated form, in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 was recognized by conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody, in a manner similar to its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 0 40 theme Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 114:143 arg1 H 153:153 Endo H 148:153 Endo H 148:153 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 28827815 0 40 theme Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 114:143 arg1 H 145:145 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H 114:145 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus 114:179 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 28827815 7 41 theme in 1376:1377 arg1 deglycosylation 1384:1398 in vivo deglycosylation 1376:1398 in vivo deglycosylation of recombinant proteins in plants 1376:1432 In this study, a method for in vivo deglycosylation of recombinant proteins in plants by transient co-expression with bacterial Endo H is described for the first time. 28827815 2 42 theme expression 460:469 arg1 system 431:436 this expression system 415:436 this expression system 415:436 However, due to aberrant N-glycosylation, this expression system may not be a suitable expression platform for proteins not carrying N-linked glycans in the native hosts. 28827815 2 42 theme expression 460:469 arg1 platform 471:478 a suitable expression platform 449:478 a suitable expression platform for proteins not carrying N-linked glycans in the native hosts 449:541 However, due to aberrant N-glycosylation, this expression system may not be a suitable expression platform for proteins not carrying N-linked glycans in the native hosts. 28827815 0 43 theme benthamiana 73:83 arg1 plants 85:90 Nicotiana benthamiana plants 63:90 Nicotiana benthamiana plants 63:90 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 28827815 10 44 theme Endo 1674:1677 arg1 Pfs48/45 1696:1703 in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 1666:1703 in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 1666:1703 In addition, unlike the glycosylated form, in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 was recognized by conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody, in a manner similar to its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 0 45 theme In 0:1 arg1 production 8:17 In vivo production 0:17 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 0:180 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 28827815 10 46 gly deglycosylated 1813:1826 arg1 counterpart 1828:1838 its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart 1800:1838 its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart 1800:1838 In addition, unlike the glycosylated form, in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 was recognized by conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody, in a manner similar to its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 7 47 from proteins 1415:1422 arg1 plants 1427:1432 plants 1427:1432 plants 1427:1432 In this study, a method for in vivo deglycosylation of recombinant proteins in plants by transient co-expression with bacterial Endo H is described for the first time. 28827815 4 48 theme enzymatic 763:771 arg1 deglycosylation 773:787 enzymatic deglycosylation 763:787 enzymatic deglycosylation of proteins in planta 763:809 Previously, we developed a strategy for enzymatic deglycosylation of proteins in planta by co-expressing bacterial peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 28827815 5 49 theme acid 974:977 arg1 change 979:984 an amino acid change 965:984 an amino acid change due to the deamidation of asparagine to aspartate 965:1034 Though PNGase F removes oligosaccharides from glycosylated proteins, in so doing it causes an amino acid change due to the deamidation of asparagine to aspartate in the N-X-S/T site. 28827815 7 50 from plants 1427:1432 arg1 deglycosylation 1384:1398 in vivo deglycosylation 1376:1398 in vivo deglycosylation of recombinant proteins in plants 1376:1432 In this study, a method for in vivo deglycosylation of recombinant proteins in plants by transient co-expression with bacterial Endo H is described for the first time. 28827815 0 51 theme non-glycosylated 22:37 arg1 proteins 51:58 non-glycosylated recombinant proteins 22:58 non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants 22:90 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 28827815 4 52 theme PNGase 863:868 arg1 F 860:860 bacterial peptide-N-glycosidase F 828:860 bacterial peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) 828:871 Previously, we developed a strategy for enzymatic deglycosylation of proteins in planta by co-expressing bacterial peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 28827815 4 52 theme PNGase 863:868 arg1 F 870:870 PNGase F 863:870 PNGase F 863:870 Previously, we developed a strategy for enzymatic deglycosylation of proteins in planta by co-expressing bacterial peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 28827815 10 53 theme monoclonal 1756:1765 arg1 antibody 1767:1774 conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody 1723:1774 conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody 1723:1774 In addition, unlike the glycosylated form, in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 was recognized by conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody, in a manner similar to its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 0 54 theme proteins 51:58 arg1 production 8:17 In vivo production 0:17 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 0:180 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 28827815 7 55 dep in 1376:1377 arg1 vivo 1379:1382 vivo 1379:1382 vivo 1379:1382 In this study, a method for in vivo deglycosylation of recombinant proteins in plants by transient co-expression with bacterial Endo H is described for the first time. 28827815 10 56 theme specific 1738:1745 arg1 antibody 1767:1774 conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody 1723:1774 conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody 1723:1774 In addition, unlike the glycosylated form, in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 was recognized by conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody, in a manner similar to its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 1 57 theme post-translational 235:252 arg1 machinery 267:275 eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery 224:275 eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery 224:275 A plant transient expression system, with eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery, offers superior efficiency, scalability, safety, and lower cost over other expression systems. 28827815 4 58 theme bacterial 828:836 arg1 F 860:860 bacterial peptide-N-glycosidase F 828:860 bacterial peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) 828:871 Previously, we developed a strategy for enzymatic deglycosylation of proteins in planta by co-expressing bacterial peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 28827815 4 58 theme bacterial 828:836 arg1 F 870:870 PNGase F 863:870 PNGase F 863:870 Previously, we developed a strategy for enzymatic deglycosylation of proteins in planta by co-expressing bacterial peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 28827815 0 59 dep In 0:1 arg1 vivo 3:6 vivo 3:6 vivo 3:6 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 28827815 11 60 theme better 1913:1918 arg1 stability 1920:1928 better stability 1913:1928 better stability than a PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart 1913:1971 Furthermore, the deglycosylated PA83 molecule produced by Endo H showed better stability than a PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 12 61 theme therapeutic 2081:2091 arg1 proteins 2093:2100 therapeutic proteins 2081:2100 therapeutic proteins 2081:2100 Thus, an Endo H in vivo deglycosylation approach provides another opportunity to develop vaccine antigens, therapeutic proteins, antibodies, and industrial enzymes. 28827815 3 62 theme biological 702:711 arg1 activity 713:720 biological activity 702:720 biological activity 702:720 Therefore, it is crucial to develop a strategy to produce target proteins in a non-glycosylated form while preserving their native sequence, conformation and biological activity. 28827815 10 63 dep in 1666:1667 arg1 vivo 1669:1672 vivo 1669:1672 vivo 1669:1672 In addition, unlike the glycosylated form, in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 was recognized by conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody, in a manner similar to its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 7 64 theme first 1504:1508 arg1 time 1510:1513 the first time 1500:1513 the first time 1500:1513 In this study, a method for in vivo deglycosylation of recombinant proteins in plants by transient co-expression with bacterial Endo H is described for the first time. 28827815 6 65 theme chitobiose 1212:1221 arg1 core 1223:1226 the chitobiose core 1208:1226 the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans 1208:1246 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.96, Endo H), another deglycosylating enzyme, catalyzes cleavage between two N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residues of the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans, leaving a single N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residue without the concomitant deamidation of asparagine. 28827815 6 66 theme concomitant 1309:1319 arg1 deamidation 1321:1331 the concomitant deamidation 1305:1331 the concomitant deamidation of asparagine 1305:1345 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.96, Endo H), another deglycosylating enzyme, catalyzes cleavage between two N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residues of the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans, leaving a single N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residue without the concomitant deamidation of asparagine. 28827815 10 67 theme similar 1789:1795 arg1 manner 1782:1787 a manner 1780:1787 a manner similar to its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart 1780:1838 In addition, unlike the glycosylated form, in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 was recognized by conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody, in a manner similar to its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 5 68 theme PNGase 881:886 arg1 F 888:888 PNGase F 881:888 PNGase F 881:888 Though PNGase F removes oligosaccharides from glycosylated proteins, in so doing it causes an amino acid change due to the deamidation of asparagine to aspartate in the N-X-S/T site. 28827815 1 69 theme transient 190:198 arg1 system 211:216 A plant transient expression system 182:216 A plant transient expression system 182:216 A plant transient expression system, with eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery, offers superior efficiency, scalability, safety, and lower cost over other expression systems. 28827815 12 70 theme deglycosylation 1998:2012 arg1 approach 2014:2021 an Endo H in vivo deglycosylation approach 1980:2021 an Endo H in vivo deglycosylation approach 1980:2021 Thus, an Endo H in vivo deglycosylation approach provides another opportunity to develop vaccine antigens, therapeutic proteins, antibodies, and industrial enzymes. 28827815 6 71 theme N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine 1173:1194 arg1 residues 1196:1203 two N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residues 1169:1203 two N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residues of the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans 1169:1246 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.96, Endo H), another deglycosylating enzyme, catalyzes cleavage between two N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residues of the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans, leaving a single N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residue without the concomitant deamidation of asparagine. 28827815 6 71 theme N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine 1173:1194 arg1 core 1223:1226 the chitobiose core 1208:1226 the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans 1208:1246 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.96, Endo H), another deglycosylating enzyme, catalyzes cleavage between two N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residues of the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans, leaving a single N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residue without the concomitant deamidation of asparagine. 28827815 12 72 dep in 1990:1991 arg1 vivo 1993:1996 vivo 1993:1996 vivo 1993:1996 Thus, an Endo H in vivo deglycosylation approach provides another opportunity to develop vaccine antigens, therapeutic proteins, antibodies, and industrial enzymes. 28827815 0 73 theme Endo 148:151 arg1 H 153:153 Endo H 148:153 Endo H 148:153 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 28827815 0 73 theme Endo 148:151 arg1 H 145:145 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H 114:145 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus 114:179 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 28827815 0 74 with co-expression 95:107 arg1 H 153:153 Endo H 148:153 Endo H 148:153 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 28827815 0 74 with co-expression 95:107 arg1 H 145:145 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H 114:145 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus 114:179 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 28827815 10 75 theme F 1811:1811 arg1 counterpart 1828:1838 its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart 1800:1838 its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart 1800:1838 In addition, unlike the glycosylated form, in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 was recognized by conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody, in a manner similar to its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 7 76 theme bacterial 1466:1474 arg1 H 1481:1481 bacterial Endo H 1466:1481 bacterial Endo H 1466:1481 In this study, a method for in vivo deglycosylation of recombinant proteins in plants by transient co-expression with bacterial Endo H is described for the first time. 28827815 10 77 theme in 1666:1667 arg1 Pfs48/45 1696:1703 in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 1666:1703 in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 1666:1703 In addition, unlike the glycosylated form, in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 was recognized by conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody, in a manner similar to its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 12 78 theme Endo 1983:1986 arg1 approach 2014:2021 an Endo H in vivo deglycosylation approach 1980:2021 an Endo H in vivo deglycosylation approach 1980:2021 Thus, an Endo H in vivo deglycosylation approach provides another opportunity to develop vaccine antigens, therapeutic proteins, antibodies, and industrial enzymes. 28827815 6 79 theme single 1259:1264 arg1 residue 1289:1295 a single N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residue 1257:1295 a single N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residue 1257:1295 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.96, Endo H), another deglycosylating enzyme, catalyzes cleavage between two N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residues of the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans, leaving a single N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residue without the concomitant deamidation of asparagine. 28827815 2 80 link N-linked 506:513 arg1 glycans 515:521 N-linked glycans 506:521 N-linked glycans 506:521 However, due to aberrant N-glycosylation, this expression system may not be a suitable expression platform for proteins not carrying N-linked glycans in the native hosts. 28827815 0 81 theme Streptomyces 159:170 arg1 plicatus 172:179 Streptomyces plicatus 159:179 Streptomyces plicatus 159:179 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 28827815 12 82 theme in 1990:1991 arg1 approach 2014:2021 an Endo H in vivo deglycosylation approach 1980:2021 an Endo H in vivo deglycosylation approach 1980:2021 Thus, an Endo H in vivo deglycosylation approach provides another opportunity to develop vaccine antigens, therapeutic proteins, antibodies, and industrial enzymes. 28827815 8 83 theme Endo 1516:1519 arg1 H 1521:1521 Endo H 1516:1521 Endo H 1516:1521 Endo H was fully active in vivo. 28827815 12 84 theme industrial 2119:2128 arg1 enzymes 2130:2136 industrial enzymes 2119:2136 industrial enzymes 2119:2136 Thus, an Endo H in vivo deglycosylation approach provides another opportunity to develop vaccine antigens, therapeutic proteins, antibodies, and industrial enzymes. 28827815 11 85 theme PA83 1873:1876 arg1 molecule 1878:1885 the deglycosylated PA83 molecule 1854:1885 the deglycosylated PA83 molecule produced by Endo H 1854:1904 Furthermore, the deglycosylated PA83 molecule produced by Endo H showed better stability than a PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 10 86 gly deglycosylated 1681:1694 arg1 Pfs48/45 1696:1703 in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 1666:1703 in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 1666:1703 In addition, unlike the glycosylated form, in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 was recognized by conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody, in a manner similar to its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 6 87 theme glycans 1240:1246 arg1 core 1223:1226 the chitobiose core 1208:1226 the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans 1208:1246 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.96, Endo H), another deglycosylating enzyme, catalyzes cleavage between two N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residues of the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans, leaving a single N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residue without the concomitant deamidation of asparagine. 28827815 4 88 gly deglycosylation 773:787 arg1 proteins 792:799 proteins 792:799 proteins in planta 792:809 Previously, we developed a strategy for enzymatic deglycosylation of proteins in planta by co-expressing bacterial peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 28827815 3 89 dep form 640:643 arg1 preserving 651:660 preserving 651:660 preserving their native sequence 651:682 Therefore, it is crucial to develop a strategy to produce target proteins in a non-glycosylated form while preserving their native sequence, conformation and biological activity. 28827815 1 90 theme expression 353:362 arg1 systems 364:370 other expression systems 347:370 other expression systems 347:370 A plant transient expression system, with eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery, offers superior efficiency, scalability, safety, and lower cost over other expression systems. 28827815 4 91 from planta 804:809 arg1 deglycosylation 773:787 enzymatic deglycosylation 763:787 enzymatic deglycosylation of proteins in planta 763:809 Previously, we developed a strategy for enzymatic deglycosylation of proteins in planta by co-expressing bacterial peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 28827815 9 92 from glycoproteins 1596:1608 arg1 glycans 1583:1589 successfully cleaved N-linked glycans 1553:1589 successfully cleaved N-linked glycans from glycoproteins 1553:1608 and successfully cleaved N-linked glycans from glycoproteins were tested. 28827815 6 93 gly deglycosylating 1118:1132 arg0 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 1057:1086 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 1057:1086 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.96, Endo H) 1057:1107 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.96, Endo H), another deglycosylating enzyme, catalyzes cleavage between two N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residues of the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans, leaving a single N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residue without the concomitant deamidation of asparagine. 28827815 6 93 gly deglycosylating 1118:1132 arg0 enzyme 1134:1139 another deglycosylating enzyme 1110:1139 another deglycosylating enzyme 1110:1139 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.96, Endo H), another deglycosylating enzyme, catalyzes cleavage between two N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residues of the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans, leaving a single N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residue without the concomitant deamidation of asparagine. 28827815 4 94 from proteins 792:799 arg1 planta 804:809 planta 804:809 planta 804:809 Previously, we developed a strategy for enzymatic deglycosylation of proteins in planta by co-expressing bacterial peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 28827815 9 95 theme N-linked 1574:1581 arg1 glycans 1583:1589 successfully cleaved N-linked glycans 1553:1589 successfully cleaved N-linked glycans from glycoproteins 1553:1608 and successfully cleaved N-linked glycans from glycoproteins were tested. 28827815 10 96 gly glycosylated 1647:1658 arg1 form 1660:1663 the glycosylated form 1643:1663 the glycosylated form 1643:1663 In addition, unlike the glycosylated form, in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 was recognized by conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody, in a manner similar to its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 11 97 theme Endo 1899:1902 arg1 H 1904:1904 Endo H 1899:1904 Endo H 1899:1904 Furthermore, the deglycosylated PA83 molecule produced by Endo H showed better stability than a PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 4 98 from deglycosylation 773:787 arg1 planta 804:809 planta 804:809 planta 804:809 Previously, we developed a strategy for enzymatic deglycosylation of proteins in planta by co-expressing bacterial peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 28827815 7 99 from deglycosylation 1384:1398 arg1 plants 1427:1432 plants 1427:1432 plants 1427:1432 In this study, a method for in vivo deglycosylation of recombinant proteins in plants by transient co-expression with bacterial Endo H is described for the first time. 28827815 4 100 theme proteins 792:799 arg1 deglycosylation 773:787 enzymatic deglycosylation 763:787 enzymatic deglycosylation of proteins in planta 763:809 Previously, we developed a strategy for enzymatic deglycosylation of proteins in planta by co-expressing bacterial peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 28827815 10 101 theme H 1679:1679 arg1 Pfs48/45 1696:1703 in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 1666:1703 in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 1666:1703 In addition, unlike the glycosylated form, in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 was recognized by conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody, in a manner similar to its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 8 102 from vivo 1543:1546 arg1 active 1533:1538 active 1533:1538 active 1533:1538 Endo H was fully active in vivo. 28827815 11 103 gly deglycosylated 1946:1959 arg1 counterpart 1961:1971 a PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart 1935:1971 a PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart 1935:1971 Furthermore, the deglycosylated PA83 molecule produced by Endo H showed better stability than a PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 2 104 theme suitable 451:458 arg1 system 431:436 this expression system 415:436 this expression system 415:436 However, due to aberrant N-glycosylation, this expression system may not be a suitable expression platform for proteins not carrying N-linked glycans in the native hosts. 28827815 2 104 theme suitable 451:458 arg1 platform 471:478 a suitable expression platform 449:478 a suitable expression platform for proteins not carrying N-linked glycans in the native hosts 449:541 However, due to aberrant N-glycosylation, this expression system may not be a suitable expression platform for proteins not carrying N-linked glycans in the native hosts. 28827815 2 105 theme aberrant 389:396 arg1 N-glycosylation 398:412 aberrant N-glycosylation 389:412 aberrant N-glycosylation 389:412 However, due to aberrant N-glycosylation, this expression system may not be a suitable expression platform for proteins not carrying N-linked glycans in the native hosts. 28827815 8 106 from active 1533:1538 arg1 vivo 1543:1546 vivo 1543:1546 vivo 1543:1546 Endo H was fully active in vivo. 28827815 5 107 theme amino 968:972 arg1 change 979:984 an amino acid change 965:984 an amino acid change due to the deamidation of asparagine to aspartate 965:1034 Though PNGase F removes oligosaccharides from glycosylated proteins, in so doing it causes an amino acid change due to the deamidation of asparagine to aspartate in the N-X-S/T site. 28827815 9 108 gly glycoproteins 1596:1608 arg1 glycoproteins 1596:1608 glycoproteins 1596:1608 glycoproteins 1596:1608 and successfully cleaved N-linked glycans from glycoproteins were tested. 28827815 6 109 dep Endo 1101:1104 arg1 H 1106:1106 H 1106:1106 EC3.2.1.96, Endo H 1089:1106 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.96, Endo H), another deglycosylating enzyme, catalyzes cleavage between two N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residues of the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans, leaving a single N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residue without the concomitant deamidation of asparagine. 28827815 0 110 theme recombinant 39:49 arg1 proteins 51:58 non-glycosylated recombinant proteins 22:58 non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants 22:90 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 28827815 1 111 with system 211:216 arg1 machinery 267:275 eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery 224:275 eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery 224:275 A plant transient expression system, with eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery, offers superior efficiency, scalability, safety, and lower cost over other expression systems. 28827815 11 112 theme deglycosylated 1946:1959 arg1 counterpart 1961:1971 a PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart 1935:1971 a PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart 1935:1971 Furthermore, the deglycosylated PA83 molecule produced by Endo H showed better stability than a PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 4 113 theme peptide-N-glycosidase 838:858 arg1 F 860:860 bacterial peptide-N-glycosidase F 828:860 bacterial peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) 828:871 Previously, we developed a strategy for enzymatic deglycosylation of proteins in planta by co-expressing bacterial peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 28827815 4 113 theme peptide-N-glycosidase 838:858 arg1 F 870:870 PNGase F 863:870 PNGase F 863:870 Previously, we developed a strategy for enzymatic deglycosylation of proteins in planta by co-expressing bacterial peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). 28827815 2 114 contain carrying 497:504 arg1 proteins 484:491 proteins 484:491 proteins not carrying N-linked glycans in the native hosts 484:541 However, due to aberrant N-glycosylation, this expression system may not be a suitable expression platform for proteins not carrying N-linked glycans in the native hosts. 28827815 2 114 contain carrying 497:504 arg2 glycans 515:521 N-linked glycans 506:521 N-linked glycans 506:521 However, due to aberrant N-glycosylation, this expression system may not be a suitable expression platform for proteins not carrying N-linked glycans in the native hosts. 28827815 2 115 theme expression 420:429 arg1 system 431:436 this expression system 415:436 this expression system 415:436 However, due to aberrant N-glycosylation, this expression system may not be a suitable expression platform for proteins not carrying N-linked glycans in the native hosts. 28827815 2 115 theme expression 420:429 arg1 platform 471:478 a suitable expression platform 449:478 a suitable expression platform for proteins not carrying N-linked glycans in the native hosts 449:541 However, due to aberrant N-glycosylation, this expression system may not be a suitable expression platform for proteins not carrying N-linked glycans in the native hosts. 28827815 1 116 theme lower 331:335 arg1 cost 337:340 lower cost 331:340 lower cost 331:340 A plant transient expression system, with eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery, offers superior efficiency, scalability, safety, and lower cost over other expression systems. 28827815 12 117 theme vaccine 2063:2069 arg1 antigens 2071:2078 vaccine antigens 2063:2078 vaccine antigens 2063:2078 Thus, an Endo H in vivo deglycosylation approach provides another opportunity to develop vaccine antigens, therapeutic proteins, antibodies, and industrial enzymes. 28827815 5 118 theme N-X-S/T 1043:1049 arg1 site 1051:1054 the N-X-S/T site 1039:1054 the N-X-S/T site 1039:1054 Though PNGase F removes oligosaccharides from glycosylated proteins, in so doing it causes an amino acid change due to the deamidation of asparagine to aspartate in the N-X-S/T site. 28827815 11 119 gly deglycosylated 1858:1871 arg1 molecule 1878:1885 the deglycosylated PA83 molecule 1854:1885 the deglycosylated PA83 molecule produced by Endo H 1854:1904 Furthermore, the deglycosylated PA83 molecule produced by Endo H showed better stability than a PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 10 120 theme Pfs48/45 1747:1754 arg1 antibody 1767:1774 conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody 1723:1774 conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody 1723:1774 In addition, unlike the glycosylated form, in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 was recognized by conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody, in a manner similar to its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 0 121 gly non-glycosylated 22:37 arg1 proteins 51:58 non-glycosylated recombinant proteins 22:58 non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants 22:90 In vivo production of non-glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co-expression with Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) of Streptomyces plicatus. 28827815 6 122 dep Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 1057:1086 arg1 Endo 1101:1104 Endo 1101:1104 Endo 1101:1104 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.96, Endo H), another deglycosylating enzyme, catalyzes cleavage between two N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residues of the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans, leaving a single N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residue without the concomitant deamidation of asparagine. 28827815 3 123 theme native 668:673 arg1 sequence 675:682 their native sequence 662:682 their native sequence 662:682 Therefore, it is crucial to develop a strategy to produce target proteins in a non-glycosylated form while preserving their native sequence, conformation and biological activity. 28827815 10 124 theme conformational 1723:1736 arg1 antibody 1767:1774 conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody 1723:1774 conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody 1723:1774 In addition, unlike the glycosylated form, in vivo Endo H deglycosylated Pfs48/45 was recognized by conformational specific Pfs48/45 monoclonal antibody, in a manner similar to its PNGase F deglycosylated counterpart. 28827815 1 125 theme modification 254:265 arg1 machinery 267:275 eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery 224:275 eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery 224:275 A plant transient expression system, with eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery, offers superior efficiency, scalability, safety, and lower cost over other expression systems. 28827815 5 126 theme asparagine 1012:1021 arg1 deamidation 997:1007 the deamidation 993:1007 the deamidation of asparagine to aspartate 993:1034 Though PNGase F removes oligosaccharides from glycosylated proteins, in so doing it causes an amino acid change due to the deamidation of asparagine to aspartate in the N-X-S/T site. 28827815 6 127 theme deglycosylating 1118:1132 arg1 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 1057:1086 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 1057:1086 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.96, Endo H) 1057:1107 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.96, Endo H), another deglycosylating enzyme, catalyzes cleavage between two N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residues of the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans, leaving a single N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residue without the concomitant deamidation of asparagine. 28827815 6 127 theme deglycosylating 1118:1132 arg1 enzyme 1134:1139 another deglycosylating enzyme 1110:1139 another deglycosylating enzyme 1110:1139 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.96, Endo H), another deglycosylating enzyme, catalyzes cleavage between two N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residues of the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans, leaving a single N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine residue without the concomitant deamidation of asparagine. 25434465 1 0 theme degradation 89:99 arg1 system 101:106 an intracellular degradation system 72:106 an intracellular degradation system that is mediated by orchestrated functions of membranes and proteins 72:175 Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that is mediated by orchestrated functions of membranes and proteins. 25434465 1 0 theme degradation 89:99 arg1 Autophagy 59:67 Autophagy 59:67 Autophagy 59:67 Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that is mediated by orchestrated functions of membranes and proteins. 25434465 2 1 theme SNARE-dependent 327:341 arg1 fusion 343:348 SNARE-dependent fusion 327:348 SNARE-dependent fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes 327:385 A genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification of the SNARE protein SNAP-29 negatively regulates SNARE-dependent fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. 25434465 2 2 theme Caenorhabditis 198:211 arg1 elegans 213:219 Caenorhabditis elegans 198:219 Caenorhabditis elegans 198:219 A genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification of the SNARE protein SNAP-29 negatively regulates SNARE-dependent fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. 25434465 3 3 theme regulatory 393:402 arg1 mechanism 404:412 This regulatory mechanism 388:412 This regulatory mechanism 388:412 This regulatory mechanism is conserved in mammals. 25434465 2 4 theme genetic 180:186 arg1 screen 188:193 A genetic screen 178:193 A genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans 178:219 A genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification of the SNARE protein SNAP-29 negatively regulates SNARE-dependent fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. 25434465 2 5 link O-linked 235:242 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 244:262 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 235:262 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification of the SNARE protein SNAP-29 235:304 A genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification of the SNARE protein SNAP-29 negatively regulates SNARE-dependent fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. 25434465 2 6 theme SNAP-29 298:304 arg1 modification 264:275 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification 235:275 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification of the SNARE protein SNAP-29 235:304 A genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification of the SNARE protein SNAP-29 negatively regulates SNARE-dependent fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. 25434465 1 7 theme membranes 154:162 arg1 functions 141:149 orchestrated functions 128:149 orchestrated functions of membranes and proteins 128:175 Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that is mediated by orchestrated functions of membranes and proteins. 25434465 0 8 theme Sugar 0:4 arg1 modification 6:17 Sugar modification 0:17 Sugar modification 0:17 Sugar modification inhibits autophagosome-lysosome fusion. 25434465 2 9 from screen 188:193 arg1 elegans 213:219 Caenorhabditis elegans 198:219 Caenorhabditis elegans 198:219 A genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification of the SNARE protein SNAP-29 negatively regulates SNARE-dependent fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. 25434465 2 10 theme protein 290:296 arg1 SNAP-29 298:304 the SNARE protein SNAP-29 280:304 the SNARE protein SNAP-29 280:304 A genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification of the SNARE protein SNAP-29 negatively regulates SNARE-dependent fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. 25434465 2 11 mod modification 264:275 arg3 N-acetylglucosamine 244:262 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 235:262 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification of the SNARE protein SNAP-29 235:304 A genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification of the SNARE protein SNAP-29 negatively regulates SNARE-dependent fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. 25434465 2 11 mod modification 264:275 arg1 SNAP-29 298:304 the SNARE protein SNAP-29 280:304 the SNARE protein SNAP-29 280:304 A genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification of the SNARE protein SNAP-29 negatively regulates SNARE-dependent fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. 25434465 0 12 theme autophagosome-lysosome 28:49 arg1 fusion 51:56 autophagosome-lysosome fusion 28:56 autophagosome-lysosome fusion 28:56 Sugar modification inhibits autophagosome-lysosome fusion. 25434465 1 13 theme intracellular 75:87 arg1 system 101:106 an intracellular degradation system 72:106 an intracellular degradation system that is mediated by orchestrated functions of membranes and proteins 72:175 Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that is mediated by orchestrated functions of membranes and proteins. 25434465 1 13 theme intracellular 75:87 arg1 Autophagy 59:67 Autophagy 59:67 Autophagy 59:67 Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that is mediated by orchestrated functions of membranes and proteins. 25434465 1 14 theme orchestrated 128:139 arg1 functions 141:149 orchestrated functions 128:149 orchestrated functions of membranes and proteins 128:175 Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that is mediated by orchestrated functions of membranes and proteins. 25434465 2 15 theme SNARE 284:288 arg1 SNAP-29 298:304 the SNARE protein SNAP-29 280:304 the SNARE protein SNAP-29 280:304 A genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification of the SNARE protein SNAP-29 negatively regulates SNARE-dependent fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. 25434465 1 16 theme proteins 168:175 arg1 functions 141:149 orchestrated functions 128:149 orchestrated functions of membranes and proteins 128:175 Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that is mediated by orchestrated functions of membranes and proteins. 25434465 2 17 theme O-linked 235:242 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 244:262 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 235:262 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification of the SNARE protein SNAP-29 235:304 A genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification of the SNARE protein SNAP-29 negatively regulates SNARE-dependent fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. 25434465 2 18 theme N-acetylglucosamine 244:262 arg1 modification 264:275 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification 235:275 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification of the SNARE protein SNAP-29 235:304 A genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification of the SNARE protein SNAP-29 negatively regulates SNARE-dependent fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. 25489664 2 0 theme detection 517:525 arg1 method 527:532 the detection method 513:532 the detection method 513:532 Similar approaches, that would allow in-depth analysis of the glycans carried by glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE, require special considerations in order to maximize recovery and sensitivity when using mass spectrometry (MS) as the detection method. 25489664 2 0 theme detection 517:525 arg1 spectrometry 492:503 mass spectrometry 487:503 mass spectrometry (MS) 487:508 Similar approaches, that would allow in-depth analysis of the glycans carried by glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE, require special considerations in order to maximize recovery and sensitivity when using mass spectrometry (MS) as the detection method. 25489664 7 1 theme permethylated 1266:1278 arg1 glycans 1280:1286 sulfated permethylated glycans 1257:1286 sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans 1257:1351 These procedures produce an efficient separation of sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans by a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis, and thereby enhance glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses of glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE. 25489664 0 2 theme mass 90:93 arg1 spectrometry 95:106 mass spectrometry 90:106 mass spectrometry 90:106 Improved in-gel reductive β-elimination for comprehensive O-linked and sulfo-glycomics by mass spectrometry. 25489664 4 3 theme ethyl 869:873 arg1 acetate 875:881 ethyl acetate 869:881 ethyl acetate 869:881 The sample workflow presented here is robust, efficient, and eliminates the need for in-line HPLC clean-up prior to MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins are washed in acetonitrile, water, and ethyl acetate to remove contaminants, including polymeric acrylamide fragments. 25489664 3 4 theme major 537:541 arg1 removal 603:609 the removal 599:609 the removal of gel-derived contaminants that interfere with MS analysis 599:669 A major hurdle to be overcome in achieving high-quality data is the removal of gel-derived contaminants that interfere with MS analysis. 25489664 3 4 theme major 537:541 arg1 hurdle 543:548 A major hurdle 535:548 A major hurdle to be overcome in achieving high-quality data 535:594 A major hurdle to be overcome in achieving high-quality data is the removal of gel-derived contaminants that interfere with MS analysis. 25489664 5 5 theme in-gel 1003:1008 arg1 β-elimination 1020:1032 in-gel reductive β-elimination 1003:1032 in-gel reductive β-elimination 1003:1032 O-linked glycans are released from target proteins by in-gel reductive β-elimination and recovered through robust, simple clean-up procedures. 25489664 7 6 theme glycomic 1422:1429 arg1 analyses 1449:1456 glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses 1422:1456 glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses of glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE 1422:1494 These procedures produce an efficient separation of sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans by a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis, and thereby enhance glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses of glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE. 25489664 5 7 theme target 984:989 arg1 proteins 991:998 target proteins 984:998 target proteins 984:998 O-linked glycans are released from target proteins by in-gel reductive β-elimination and recovered through robust, simple clean-up procedures. 25489664 4 8 theme HPLC 765:768 arg1 clean-up 770:777 in-line HPLC clean-up 757:777 in-line HPLC clean-up prior to MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins 757:828 The sample workflow presented here is robust, efficient, and eliminates the need for in-line HPLC clean-up prior to MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins are washed in acetonitrile, water, and ethyl acetate to remove contaminants, including polymeric acrylamide fragments. 25489664 7 9 theme sulfated 1257:1264 arg1 glycans 1280:1286 sulfated permethylated glycans 1257:1286 sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans 1257:1351 These procedures produce an efficient separation of sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans by a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis, and thereby enhance glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses of glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE. 25489664 7 10 from separation 1243:1252 arg1 glycans 1345:1351 non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans 1293:1351 non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans 1293:1351 These procedures produce an efficient separation of sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans by a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis, and thereby enhance glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses of glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE. 25489664 4 11 theme prior 779:783 arg1 clean-up 770:777 in-line HPLC clean-up 757:777 in-line HPLC clean-up prior to MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins 757:828 The sample workflow presented here is robust, efficient, and eliminates the need for in-line HPLC clean-up prior to MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins are washed in acetonitrile, water, and ethyl acetate to remove contaminants, including polymeric acrylamide fragments. 25489664 2 12 theme in-depth 319:326 arg1 analysis 328:335 in-depth analysis 319:335 in-depth analysis of the glycans carried by glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE 319:396 Similar approaches, that would allow in-depth analysis of the glycans carried by glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE, require special considerations in order to maximize recovery and sensitivity when using mass spectrometry (MS) as the detection method. 25489664 7 13 theme permethylated 1331:1343 arg1 glycans 1345:1351 non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans 1293:1351 non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans 1293:1351 These procedures produce an efficient separation of sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans by a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis, and thereby enhance glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses of glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE. 25489664 7 14 theme efficient 1233:1241 arg1 separation 1243:1252 an efficient separation 1230:1252 an efficient separation of sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans by a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis 1230:1399 These procedures produce an efficient separation of sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans by a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis, and thereby enhance glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses of glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE. 25489664 6 15 theme workflow 1113:1120 arg1 advantage 1095:1103 An advantage 1092:1103 An advantage of this workflow 1092:1120 An advantage of this workflow is that it improves sensitivity for detecting and characterizing sulfated glycans. 25489664 4 16 theme Gel 792:794 arg1 pieces 796:801 MS. Gel pieces 788:801 MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins 788:828 The sample workflow presented here is robust, efficient, and eliminates the need for in-line HPLC clean-up prior to MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins are washed in acetonitrile, water, and ethyl acetate to remove contaminants, including polymeric acrylamide fragments. 25489664 1 17 theme resolved 188:195 arg1 bands 205:209 resolved protein bands 188:209 resolved protein bands 188:209 Separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE followed by in-gel proteolytic digestion of resolved protein bands has produced high-resolution proteomic analysis of biological samples. 25489664 7 18 theme prior 1380:1384 arg1 phase-partition 1364:1378 a rapid phase-partition 1356:1378 a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis 1356:1399 These procedures produce an efficient separation of sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans by a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis, and thereby enhance glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses of glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE. 25489664 4 19 theme MS. 788:790 arg1 pieces 796:801 MS. Gel pieces 788:801 MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins 788:828 The sample workflow presented here is robust, efficient, and eliminates the need for in-line HPLC clean-up prior to MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins are washed in acetonitrile, water, and ethyl acetate to remove contaminants, including polymeric acrylamide fragments. 25489664 1 20 theme protein 197:203 arg1 bands 205:209 resolved protein bands 188:209 resolved protein bands 188:209 Separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE followed by in-gel proteolytic digestion of resolved protein bands has produced high-resolution proteomic analysis of biological samples. 25489664 0 21 theme in-gel 9:14 arg1 β-elimination 26:38 in-gel reductive β-elimination 9:38 in-gel reductive β-elimination for comprehensive O-linked and sulfo-glycomics 9:85 Improved in-gel reductive β-elimination for comprehensive O-linked and sulfo-glycomics by mass spectrometry. 25489664 7 22 gly glycoproteins 1461:1473 arg1 glycoproteins 1461:1473 glycoproteins 1461:1473 glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE 1461:1494 These procedures produce an efficient separation of sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans by a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis, and thereby enhance glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses of glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE. 25489664 7 23 theme glycans 1280:1286 arg1 separation 1243:1252 an efficient separation 1230:1252 an efficient separation of sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans by a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis 1230:1399 These procedures produce an efficient separation of sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans by a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis, and thereby enhance glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses of glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE. 25489664 4 24 theme in-line 757:763 arg1 clean-up 770:777 in-line HPLC clean-up 757:777 in-line HPLC clean-up prior to MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins 757:828 The sample workflow presented here is robust, efficient, and eliminates the need for in-line HPLC clean-up prior to MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins are washed in acetonitrile, water, and ethyl acetate to remove contaminants, including polymeric acrylamide fragments. 25489664 1 25 theme bands 205:209 arg1 digestion 175:183 in-gel proteolytic digestion 156:183 in-gel proteolytic digestion of resolved protein bands 156:209 Separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE followed by in-gel proteolytic digestion of resolved protein bands has produced high-resolution proteomic analysis of biological samples. 25489664 2 26 theme mass 487:490 arg1 method 527:532 the detection method 513:532 the detection method 513:532 Similar approaches, that would allow in-depth analysis of the glycans carried by glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE, require special considerations in order to maximize recovery and sensitivity when using mass spectrometry (MS) as the detection method. 25489664 2 26 theme mass 487:490 arg1 MS 506:507 MS 506:507 MS 506:507 Similar approaches, that would allow in-depth analysis of the glycans carried by glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE, require special considerations in order to maximize recovery and sensitivity when using mass spectrometry (MS) as the detection method. 25489664 2 26 theme mass 487:490 arg1 spectrometry 492:503 mass spectrometry 487:503 mass spectrometry (MS) 487:508 Similar approaches, that would allow in-depth analysis of the glycans carried by glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE, require special considerations in order to maximize recovery and sensitivity when using mass spectrometry (MS) as the detection method. 25489664 7 27 from glycans 1345:1351 arg1 glycans 1280:1286 sulfated permethylated glycans 1257:1286 sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans 1257:1351 These procedures produce an efficient separation of sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans by a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis, and thereby enhance glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses of glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE. 25489664 7 27 from glycans 1345:1351 arg1 separation 1243:1252 an efficient separation 1230:1252 an efficient separation of sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans by a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis 1230:1399 These procedures produce an efficient separation of sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans by a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis, and thereby enhance glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses of glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE. 25489664 2 28 theme glycans 344:350 arg1 analysis 328:335 in-depth analysis 319:335 in-depth analysis of the glycans carried by glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE 319:396 Similar approaches, that would allow in-depth analysis of the glycans carried by glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE, require special considerations in order to maximize recovery and sensitivity when using mass spectrometry (MS) as the detection method. 25489664 5 29 dep robust 1056:1061 arg1 simple 1064:1069 simple 1064:1069 simple 1064:1069 O-linked glycans are released from target proteins by in-gel reductive β-elimination and recovered through robust, simple clean-up procedures. 25489664 3 30 theme high-quality 578:589 arg1 data 591:594 high-quality data 578:594 high-quality data 578:594 A major hurdle to be overcome in achieving high-quality data is the removal of gel-derived contaminants that interfere with MS analysis. 25489664 0 31 theme reductive 16:24 arg1 β-elimination 26:38 in-gel reductive β-elimination 9:38 in-gel reductive β-elimination for comprehensive O-linked and sulfo-glycomics 9:85 Improved in-gel reductive β-elimination for comprehensive O-linked and sulfo-glycomics by mass spectrometry. 25489664 4 32 theme acrylamide 927:936 arg1 fragments 938:946 polymeric acrylamide fragments 917:946 polymeric acrylamide fragments 917:946 The sample workflow presented here is robust, efficient, and eliminates the need for in-line HPLC clean-up prior to MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins are washed in acetonitrile, water, and ethyl acetate to remove contaminants, including polymeric acrylamide fragments. 25489664 1 33 theme proteins 123:130 arg1 Separation 109:118 Separation 109:118 Separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE followed by in-gel proteolytic digestion of resolved protein bands 109:209 Separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE followed by in-gel proteolytic digestion of resolved protein bands has produced high-resolution proteomic analysis of biological samples. 25489664 1 34 theme high-resolution 224:238 arg1 analysis 250:257 high-resolution proteomic analysis 224:257 high-resolution proteomic analysis of biological samples 224:279 Separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE followed by in-gel proteolytic digestion of resolved protein bands has produced high-resolution proteomic analysis of biological samples. 25489664 4 35 theme sample 676:681 arg1 efficient 718:726 efficient 718:726 efficient 718:726 The sample workflow presented here is robust, efficient, and eliminates the need for in-line HPLC clean-up prior to MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins are washed in acetonitrile, water, and ethyl acetate to remove contaminants, including polymeric acrylamide fragments. 25489664 4 35 theme sample 676:681 arg1 robust 710:715 robust 710:715 robust 710:715 The sample workflow presented here is robust, efficient, and eliminates the need for in-line HPLC clean-up prior to MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins are washed in acetonitrile, water, and ethyl acetate to remove contaminants, including polymeric acrylamide fragments. 25489664 4 35 theme sample 676:681 arg1 workflow 683:690 The sample workflow 672:690 The sample workflow presented here 672:705 The sample workflow presented here is robust, efficient, and eliminates the need for in-line HPLC clean-up prior to MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins are washed in acetonitrile, water, and ethyl acetate to remove contaminants, including polymeric acrylamide fragments. 25489664 3 36 theme gel-derived 614:624 arg1 contaminants 626:637 gel-derived contaminants 614:637 gel-derived contaminants that interfere with MS analysis 614:669 A major hurdle to be overcome in achieving high-quality data is the removal of gel-derived contaminants that interfere with MS analysis. 25489664 7 37 theme MS 1389:1390 arg1 analysis 1392:1399 MS analysis 1389:1399 MS analysis 1389:1399 These procedures produce an efficient separation of sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans by a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis, and thereby enhance glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses of glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE. 25489664 1 38 theme proteomic 240:248 arg1 analysis 250:257 high-resolution proteomic analysis 224:257 high-resolution proteomic analysis of biological samples 224:279 Separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE followed by in-gel proteolytic digestion of resolved protein bands has produced high-resolution proteomic analysis of biological samples. 25489664 4 39 dep robust 710:715 arg1 efficient 718:726 efficient 718:726 efficient 718:726 The sample workflow presented here is robust, efficient, and eliminates the need for in-line HPLC clean-up prior to MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins are washed in acetonitrile, water, and ethyl acetate to remove contaminants, including polymeric acrylamide fragments. 25489664 4 39 dep robust 710:715 arg1 robust 710:715 robust 710:715 robust 710:715 The sample workflow presented here is robust, efficient, and eliminates the need for in-line HPLC clean-up prior to MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins are washed in acetonitrile, water, and ethyl acetate to remove contaminants, including polymeric acrylamide fragments. 25489664 4 39 dep robust 710:715 arg1 workflow 683:690 The sample workflow 672:690 The sample workflow presented here 672:705 The sample workflow presented here is robust, efficient, and eliminates the need for in-line HPLC clean-up prior to MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins are washed in acetonitrile, water, and ethyl acetate to remove contaminants, including polymeric acrylamide fragments. 25489664 7 40 theme glycoproteins 1461:1473 arg1 analyses 1449:1456 glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses 1422:1456 glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses of glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE 1422:1494 These procedures produce an efficient separation of sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans by a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis, and thereby enhance glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses of glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE. 25489664 3 41 theme contaminants 626:637 arg1 removal 603:609 the removal 599:609 the removal of gel-derived contaminants that interfere with MS analysis 599:669 A major hurdle to be overcome in achieving high-quality data is the removal of gel-derived contaminants that interfere with MS analysis. 25489664 3 41 theme contaminants 626:637 arg1 hurdle 543:548 A major hurdle 535:548 A major hurdle to be overcome in achieving high-quality data 535:594 A major hurdle to be overcome in achieving high-quality data is the removal of gel-derived contaminants that interfere with MS analysis. 25489664 5 42 attach released 970:977 arg2 glycans 958:964 O-linked glycans 949:964 O-linked glycans 949:964 O-linked glycans are released from target proteins by in-gel reductive β-elimination and recovered through robust, simple clean-up procedures. 25489664 5 42 attach released 970:977 arg1 proteins 991:998 target proteins 984:998 target proteins 984:998 O-linked glycans are released from target proteins by in-gel reductive β-elimination and recovered through robust, simple clean-up procedures. 25489664 3 43 link gel-derived 614:624 arg1 contaminants 626:637 gel-derived contaminants 614:637 gel-derived contaminants that interfere with MS analysis 614:669 A major hurdle to be overcome in achieving high-quality data is the removal of gel-derived contaminants that interfere with MS analysis. 25489664 7 44 dep non-sulfated 1293:1304 arg1 neutral 1322:1328 neutral 1322:1328 neutral 1322:1328 These procedures produce an efficient separation of sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans by a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis, and thereby enhance glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses of glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE. 25489664 7 44 dep non-sulfated 1293:1304 arg1 sialylated 1307:1316 sialylated 1307:1316 sialylated 1307:1316 These procedures produce an efficient separation of sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans by a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis, and thereby enhance glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses of glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE. 25489664 5 45 link O-linked 949:956 arg1 glycans 958:964 O-linked glycans 949:964 O-linked glycans 949:964 O-linked glycans are released from target proteins by in-gel reductive β-elimination and recovered through robust, simple clean-up procedures. 25489664 5 46 theme clean-up 1071:1078 arg1 procedures 1080:1089 robust, simple clean-up procedures 1056:1089 robust, simple clean-up procedures 1056:1089 O-linked glycans are released from target proteins by in-gel reductive β-elimination and recovered through robust, simple clean-up procedures. 25489664 7 47 theme sulfoglycomic 1435:1447 arg1 analyses 1449:1456 glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses 1422:1456 glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses of glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE 1422:1494 These procedures produce an efficient separation of sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans by a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis, and thereby enhance glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses of glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE. 25489664 4 48 theme target 814:819 arg1 proteins 821:828 target proteins 814:828 target proteins 814:828 The sample workflow presented here is robust, efficient, and eliminates the need for in-line HPLC clean-up prior to MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins are washed in acetonitrile, water, and ethyl acetate to remove contaminants, including polymeric acrylamide fragments. 25489664 4 49 theme polymeric 917:925 arg1 fragments 938:946 polymeric acrylamide fragments 917:946 polymeric acrylamide fragments 917:946 The sample workflow presented here is robust, efficient, and eliminates the need for in-line HPLC clean-up prior to MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins are washed in acetonitrile, water, and ethyl acetate to remove contaminants, including polymeric acrylamide fragments. 25489664 1 50 theme in-gel 156:161 arg1 digestion 175:183 in-gel proteolytic digestion 156:183 in-gel proteolytic digestion of resolved protein bands 156:209 Separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE followed by in-gel proteolytic digestion of resolved protein bands has produced high-resolution proteomic analysis of biological samples. 25489664 5 51 theme reductive 1010:1018 arg1 β-elimination 1020:1032 in-gel reductive β-elimination 1003:1032 in-gel reductive β-elimination 1003:1032 O-linked glycans are released from target proteins by in-gel reductive β-elimination and recovered through robust, simple clean-up procedures. 25489664 5 52 theme robust 1056:1061 arg1 procedures 1080:1089 robust, simple clean-up procedures 1056:1089 robust, simple clean-up procedures 1056:1089 O-linked glycans are released from target proteins by in-gel reductive β-elimination and recovered through robust, simple clean-up procedures. 25489664 6 53 theme sulfated 1187:1194 arg1 glycans 1196:1202 sulfated glycans 1187:1202 sulfated glycans 1187:1202 An advantage of this workflow is that it improves sensitivity for detecting and characterizing sulfated glycans. 25489664 2 54 gly glycoproteins 363:375 arg1 glycoproteins 363:375 glycoproteins 363:375 glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE 363:396 Similar approaches, that would allow in-depth analysis of the glycans carried by glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE, require special considerations in order to maximize recovery and sensitivity when using mass spectrometry (MS) as the detection method. 25489664 3 55 theme MS 659:660 arg1 analysis 662:669 MS analysis 659:669 MS analysis 659:669 A major hurdle to be overcome in achieving high-quality data is the removal of gel-derived contaminants that interfere with MS analysis. 25489664 5 56 theme O-linked 949:956 arg1 glycans 958:964 O-linked glycans 949:964 O-linked glycans 949:964 O-linked glycans are released from target proteins by in-gel reductive β-elimination and recovered through robust, simple clean-up procedures. 25489664 1 57 theme biological 262:271 arg1 samples 273:279 biological samples 262:279 biological samples 262:279 Separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE followed by in-gel proteolytic digestion of resolved protein bands has produced high-resolution proteomic analysis of biological samples. 25489664 7 58 theme rapid 1358:1362 arg1 phase-partition 1364:1378 a rapid phase-partition 1356:1378 a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis 1356:1399 These procedures produce an efficient separation of sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans by a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis, and thereby enhance glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses of glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE. 25489664 2 59 theme special 407:413 arg1 considerations 415:428 special considerations 407:428 special considerations in order to maximize recovery and sensitivity when using mass spectrometry (MS) as the detection method 407:532 Similar approaches, that would allow in-depth analysis of the glycans carried by glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE, require special considerations in order to maximize recovery and sensitivity when using mass spectrometry (MS) as the detection method. 25489664 1 60 theme samples 273:279 arg1 analysis 250:257 high-resolution proteomic analysis 224:257 high-resolution proteomic analysis of biological samples 224:279 Separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE followed by in-gel proteolytic digestion of resolved protein bands has produced high-resolution proteomic analysis of biological samples. 25489664 7 61 theme non-sulfated 1293:1304 arg1 glycans 1345:1351 non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans 1293:1351 non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans 1293:1351 These procedures produce an efficient separation of sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans by a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis, and thereby enhance glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses of glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE. 25489664 2 62 theme Similar 282:288 arg1 approaches 290:299 Similar approaches 282:299 Similar approaches 282:299 Similar approaches, that would allow in-depth analysis of the glycans carried by glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE, require special considerations in order to maximize recovery and sensitivity when using mass spectrometry (MS) as the detection method. 25489664 1 63 theme proteolytic 163:173 arg1 digestion 175:183 in-gel proteolytic digestion 156:183 in-gel proteolytic digestion of resolved protein bands 156:209 Separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE followed by in-gel proteolytic digestion of resolved protein bands has produced high-resolution proteomic analysis of biological samples. 25489664 4 64 contain containing 803:812 arg1 pieces 796:801 MS. Gel pieces 788:801 MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins 788:828 The sample workflow presented here is robust, efficient, and eliminates the need for in-line HPLC clean-up prior to MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins are washed in acetonitrile, water, and ethyl acetate to remove contaminants, including polymeric acrylamide fragments. 25489664 4 64 contain containing 803:812 arg2 proteins 821:828 target proteins 814:828 target proteins 814:828 The sample workflow presented here is robust, efficient, and eliminates the need for in-line HPLC clean-up prior to MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins are washed in acetonitrile, water, and ethyl acetate to remove contaminants, including polymeric acrylamide fragments. 29147700 7 0 theme DSS_BR 1094:1099 arg1 groups 1114:1119 The DSS_BR and DSS_R-BR groups 1090:1119 groups 1114:1119 The DSS_BR and DSS_R-BR groups showed a lower ratio of colonic weight to length, and a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates than the DSS_WR group. 29147700 11 1 theme present 1911:1917 arg1 data 1919:1922 the present data 1907:1922 the present data 1907:1922 Thus, the present data indicate that BR and R-BR ameliorate colonic inflammation in experimental colitis induced by DSS in mice by suppressing inflammatory mediators and modulating regulatory T cell responses as well as bacterial diversity in the cecum. 29147700 2 2 from cornstarch 420:429 arg1 composition 447:457 the original composition 434:457 the original composition 434:457 Thirty two female C57Bl/6Mlac mice were fed with modified AIN 93G diets by replacing cornstarch in the original composition with white rice (WR), BR and R-BR powder. 29147700 6 3 theme p 1079:1079 arg1 < 1081:1081 p < 0.05 1079:1086 p < 0.05 1079:1086 Nevertheless, R-BR had a 1.8 fold resistant starch (RS) content of BR (p < 0.05). 29147700 1 4 theme brown 214:218 arg1 consumption 232:242 retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption 202:242 retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption 202:242 The present study was aimed to investigate the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. 29147700 5 5 from difference 924:933 arg1 level 942:946 the level 938:946 the level of these bioactive compounds 938:975 No significant difference in the level of these bioactive compounds was noted between BR and R-BR. 29147700 10 6 theme R-BR 1624:1627 arg1 diet 1629:1632 the R-BR diet 1620:1632 the R-BR diet 1620:1632 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group. 29147700 1 7 from health 255:260 arg1 mice 329:332 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice 284:332 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice 284:332 The present study was aimed to investigate the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. 29147700 11 8 theme cell 2095:2098 arg1 responses 2100:2108 regulatory T cell responses 2082:2108 regulatory T cell responses as well as bacterial diversity in the cecum 2082:2152 Thus, the present data indicate that BR and R-BR ameliorate colonic inflammation in experimental colitis induced by DSS in mice by suppressing inflammatory mediators and modulating regulatory T cell responses as well as bacterial diversity in the cecum. 29147700 11 9 from responses 2100:2108 arg1 cecum 2148:2152 the cecum 2144:2152 the cecum 2144:2152 Thus, the present data indicate that BR and R-BR ameliorate colonic inflammation in experimental colitis induced by DSS in mice by suppressing inflammatory mediators and modulating regulatory T cell responses as well as bacterial diversity in the cecum. 29147700 10 10 dep showed 1634:1639 arg1 compared 1871:1878 compared 1871:1878 showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group 1634:1898 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group. 29147700 3 11 with diet 710:713 arg1 BR 720:721 BR 720:721 BR 720:721 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 12 dep diets 577:581 arg1 DSS 702:704 DSS 702:704 DSS 702:704 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 12 dep diets 577:581 arg1 diets 577:581 the following experimental diets 550:581 the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR 550:739 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 12 dep diets 577:581 arg1 control 650:656 (2) positive control 637:656 (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR) 637:687 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 12 dep diets 577:581 arg1 control 609:615 (1) negative control 596:615 (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR) 596:634 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 12 dep diets 577:581 arg1 DSS_R-BR 732:739 (4) DSS_R-BR 728:739 (4) DSS_R-BR 728:739 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 12 dep diets 577:581 arg1 WR 618:619 WR 618:619 WR 618:619 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 12 dep diets 577:581 arg1 DSS_BR 694:699 (3) DSS_BR 690:699 (3) DSS_BR 690:699 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 9 13 theme mesenteric 1476:1485 arg1 cells 1500:1504 mesenteric regulatory T cells 1476:1504 mesenteric regulatory T cells 1476:1504 The percentage of mesenteric regulatory T cells significantly increased in the DSS_R-BR group compared to that in the DSS_WR group. 29147700 10 14 theme significant 1788:1798 arg1 decrease 1800:1807 a significant decrease 1786:1807 a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus 1786:1869 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group. 29147700 4 15 theme fat 803:805 arg1 content 792:798 a greater content 782:798 a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid 782:887 BR and R-BR had a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid than WR (p < 0.05). 29147700 3 16 theme negative 600:607 arg1 diets 577:581 the following experimental diets 550:581 the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR 550:739 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 16 theme negative 600:607 arg1 WR 618:619 WR 618:619 WR 618:619 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 16 theme negative 600:607 arg1 control 609:615 (1) negative control 596:615 (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR) 596:634 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 0 17 theme -induced 101:108 arg1 colitis 110:116 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis 73:116 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice 73:121 Brown rice and retrograded brown rice alleviate inflammatory response in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. 29147700 1 18 theme induced 313:319 arg1 mice 329:332 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice 284:332 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice 284:332 The present study was aimed to investigate the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. 29147700 8 19 theme treated 1290:1296 arg1 mice 1298:1301 the DSS treated mice 1282:1301 the DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet 1282:1324 However, the DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet had significantly milder histopathological inflammatory injury and lower colonic iNOS expression than the DSS_BR and DSS_WR groups. 29147700 2 20 theme rice 470:473 arg1 WR 476:477 white rice (WR) 464:478 white rice (WR) 464:478 Thirty two female C57Bl/6Mlac mice were fed with modified AIN 93G diets by replacing cornstarch in the original composition with white rice (WR), BR and R-BR powder. 29147700 7 21 from IL-6 1212:1215 arg1 homogenates 1238:1248 colonic homogenates 1230:1248 colonic homogenates 1230:1248 The DSS_BR and DSS_R-BR groups showed a lower ratio of colonic weight to length, and a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates than the DSS_WR group. 29147700 4 22 theme dietary 808:814 arg1 fiber 816:820 dietary fiber 808:820 dietary fiber 808:820 BR and R-BR had a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid than WR (p < 0.05). 29147700 3 23 with DSS 702:704 arg1 BR 720:721 BR 720:721 BR 720:721 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 1 24 theme rice 188:191 arg1 impacts 171:177 the impacts 167:177 the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice 167:332 The present study was aimed to investigate the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. 29147700 0 25 from response 61:68 arg1 mice 118:121 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice 73:121 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice 73:121 Brown rice and retrograded brown rice alleviate inflammatory response in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. 29147700 7 26 from INF-γ 1221:1225 arg1 homogenates 1238:1248 colonic homogenates 1230:1248 colonic homogenates 1230:1248 The DSS_BR and DSS_R-BR groups showed a lower ratio of colonic weight to length, and a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates than the DSS_WR group. 29147700 4 27 theme acid 864:867 arg1 content 792:798 a greater content 782:798 a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid 782:887 BR and R-BR had a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid than WR (p < 0.05). 29147700 3 28 with control 650:656 arg1 BR 720:721 BR 720:721 BR 720:721 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 4 29 theme p-coumaric 873:882 arg1 acid 884:887 p-coumaric acid 873:887 p-coumaric acid 873:887 BR and R-BR had a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid than WR (p < 0.05). 29147700 9 30 theme DSS_R-BR 1537:1544 arg1 group 1546:1550 the DSS_R-BR group 1533:1550 the DSS_R-BR group 1533:1550 The percentage of mesenteric regulatory T cells significantly increased in the DSS_R-BR group compared to that in the DSS_WR group. 29147700 3 31 dep control 650:656 arg1 DSS_WR 659:664 DSS_WR 659:664 DSS_WR 659:664 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 31 dep control 650:656 arg1 2 638:638 2 638:638 2 638:638 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 32 dep DSS_BR 694:699 arg1 3 691:691 3 691:691 3 691:691 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 7 33 theme lower 1177:1181 arg1 content 1183:1189 a lower content 1175:1189 a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates 1175:1248 The DSS_BR and DSS_R-BR groups showed a lower ratio of colonic weight to length, and a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates than the DSS_WR group. 29147700 11 34 from inflammation 1969:1980 arg1 colitis 1998:2004 experimental colitis 1985:2004 experimental colitis induced by DSS in mice 1985:2027 Thus, the present data indicate that BR and R-BR ameliorate colonic inflammation in experimental colitis induced by DSS in mice by suppressing inflammatory mediators and modulating regulatory T cell responses as well as bacterial diversity in the cecum. 29147700 1 35 from microbiota 270:279 arg1 mice 329:332 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice 284:332 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice 284:332 The present study was aimed to investigate the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. 29147700 1 36 theme present 128:134 arg1 study 136:140 The present study 124:140 The present study 124:140 The present study was aimed to investigate the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. 29147700 11 37 theme inflammatory 2044:2055 arg1 mediators 2057:2065 inflammatory mediators 2044:2065 inflammatory mediators 2044:2065 Thus, the present data indicate that BR and R-BR ameliorate colonic inflammation in experimental colitis induced by DSS in mice by suppressing inflammatory mediators and modulating regulatory T cell responses as well as bacterial diversity in the cecum. 29147700 5 38 theme significant 912:922 arg1 difference 924:933 No significant difference 909:933 No significant difference in the level of these bioactive compounds 909:975 No significant difference in the level of these bioactive compounds was noted between BR and R-BR. 29147700 10 39 theme treated 1598:1604 arg1 mice 1606:1609 The DSS treated mice 1590:1609 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet 1590:1632 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group. 29147700 1 40 theme dextran 284:290 arg1 DSS 308:310 DSS 308:310 DSS 308:310 The present study was aimed to investigate the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. 29147700 1 40 theme dextran 284:290 arg1 sodium 300:305 dextran sulfate sodium 284:305 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice 284:332 The present study was aimed to investigate the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. 29147700 4 41 contain had 778:780 arg1 R-BR 773:776 R-BR 773:776 R-BR 773:776 BR and R-BR had a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid than WR (p < 0.05). 29147700 4 41 contain had 778:780 arg1 BR 766:767 BR 766:767 BR 766:767 BR and R-BR had a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid than WR (p < 0.05). 29147700 4 41 contain had 778:780 arg2 content 792:798 a greater content 782:798 a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid 782:887 BR and R-BR had a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid than WR (p < 0.05). 29147700 3 42 dep DSS_WR 659:664 arg1 DSS 667:669 DSS 667:669 DSS 667:669 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 42 dep DSS_WR 659:664 arg1 diet 675:678 diet 675:678 diet 675:678 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 10 43 theme pathogenic 1812:1821 arg1 Enterococcus 1858:1869 Enterococcus 1858:1869 Enterococcus 1858:1869 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group. 29147700 10 43 theme pathogenic 1812:1821 arg1 Bacteroides 1842:1852 Bacteroides 1842:1852 Bacteroides 1842:1852 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group. 29147700 10 43 theme pathogenic 1812:1821 arg1 bacteria 1823:1830 pathogenic bacteria 1812:1830 pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus 1812:1869 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group. 29147700 7 44 theme DSS_WR 1259:1264 arg1 group 1266:1270 the DSS_WR group 1255:1270 the DSS_WR group 1255:1270 The DSS_BR and DSS_R-BR groups showed a lower ratio of colonic weight to length, and a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates than the DSS_WR group. 29147700 10 45 theme Dehalobacterium 1766:1780 arg1 diversity 1683:1691 cecal bacterial diversity 1667:1691 cecal bacterial diversity 1667:1691 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group. 29147700 10 45 theme Dehalobacterium 1766:1780 arg1 abundance 1697:1705 abundance 1697:1705 abundance 1697:1705 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group. 29147700 1 46 theme sodium 300:305 arg1 mice 329:332 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice 284:332 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice 284:332 The present study was aimed to investigate the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. 29147700 7 47 theme weight 1153:1158 arg1 ratio 1136:1140 a lower ratio 1128:1140 a lower ratio of colonic weight to length 1128:1168 The DSS_BR and DSS_R-BR groups showed a lower ratio of colonic weight to length, and a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates than the DSS_WR group. 29147700 2 48 theme original 438:445 arg1 composition 447:457 the original composition 434:457 the original composition 434:457 Thirty two female C57Bl/6Mlac mice were fed with modified AIN 93G diets by replacing cornstarch in the original composition with white rice (WR), BR and R-BR powder. 29147700 10 49 theme cecal 1667:1671 arg1 diversity 1683:1691 cecal bacterial diversity 1667:1691 cecal bacterial diversity 1667:1691 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group. 29147700 10 50 theme Coprococcus 1750:1760 arg1 diversity 1683:1691 cecal bacterial diversity 1667:1691 cecal bacterial diversity 1667:1691 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group. 29147700 10 50 theme Coprococcus 1750:1760 arg1 abundance 1697:1705 abundance 1697:1705 abundance 1697:1705 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group. 29147700 3 51 with DSS 667:669 arg1 WR 685:686 WR 685:686 WR 685:686 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 6 52 dep had 1027:1029 arg1 < 1081:1081 p < 0.05 1079:1086 p < 0.05 1079:1086 Nevertheless, R-BR had a 1.8 fold resistant starch (RS) content of BR (p < 0.05). 29147700 8 53 theme lower 1393:1397 arg1 expression 1412:1421 lower colonic iNOS expression 1393:1421 lower colonic iNOS expression 1393:1421 However, the DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet had significantly milder histopathological inflammatory injury and lower colonic iNOS expression than the DSS_BR and DSS_WR groups. 29147700 7 54 theme colonic 1230:1236 arg1 homogenates 1238:1248 colonic homogenates 1230:1248 colonic homogenates 1230:1248 The DSS_BR and DSS_R-BR groups showed a lower ratio of colonic weight to length, and a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates than the DSS_WR group. 29147700 1 55 from impacts 171:177 arg1 health 255:260 colonic health 247:260 colonic health 247:260 The present study was aimed to investigate the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. 29147700 1 55 from impacts 171:177 arg1 microbiota 270:279 gut microbiota 266:279 gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice 266:332 The present study was aimed to investigate the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. 29147700 11 56 theme colonic 1961:1967 arg1 inflammation 1969:1980 colonic inflammation 1961:1980 colonic inflammation in experimental colitis induced by DSS in mice 1961:2027 Thus, the present data indicate that BR and R-BR ameliorate colonic inflammation in experimental colitis induced by DSS in mice by suppressing inflammatory mediators and modulating regulatory T cell responses as well as bacterial diversity in the cecum. 29147700 0 57 theme Brown 0:4 arg1 rice 6:9 Brown rice 0:9 Brown rice 0:9 Brown rice and retrograded brown rice alleviate inflammatory response in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. 29147700 1 58 theme R-BR 226:229 arg1 consumption 232:242 retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption 202:242 retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption 202:242 The present study was aimed to investigate the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. 29147700 8 59 theme iNOS 1407:1410 arg1 expression 1412:1421 lower colonic iNOS expression 1393:1421 lower colonic iNOS expression 1393:1421 However, the DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet had significantly milder histopathological inflammatory injury and lower colonic iNOS expression than the DSS_BR and DSS_WR groups. 29147700 7 60 theme INF-γ 1221:1225 arg1 content 1183:1189 a lower content 1175:1189 a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates 1175:1248 The DSS_BR and DSS_R-BR groups showed a lower ratio of colonic weight to length, and a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates than the DSS_WR group. 29147700 5 61 theme compounds 967:975 arg1 level 942:946 the level 938:946 the level of these bioactive compounds 938:975 No significant difference in the level of these bioactive compounds was noted between BR and R-BR. 29147700 2 62 theme C57Bl/6Mlac 353:363 arg1 mice 365:368 Thirty two female C57Bl/6Mlac mice 335:368 Thirty two female C57Bl/6Mlac mice 335:368 Thirty two female C57Bl/6Mlac mice were fed with modified AIN 93G diets by replacing cornstarch in the original composition with white rice (WR), BR and R-BR powder. 29147700 1 63 theme consumption 232:242 arg1 impacts 171:177 the impacts 167:177 the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice 167:332 The present study was aimed to investigate the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. 29147700 7 64 theme IL-6 1212:1215 arg1 content 1183:1189 a lower content 1175:1189 a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates 1175:1248 The DSS_BR and DSS_R-BR groups showed a lower ratio of colonic weight to length, and a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates than the DSS_WR group. 29147700 10 65 from increase 1655:1662 arg1 diversity 1683:1691 cecal bacterial diversity 1667:1691 cecal bacterial diversity 1667:1691 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group. 29147700 10 65 from increase 1655:1662 arg1 abundance 1697:1705 abundance 1697:1705 abundance 1697:1705 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group. 29147700 0 66 theme brown 27:31 arg1 rice 33:36 retrograded brown rice 15:36 retrograded brown rice 15:36 Brown rice and retrograded brown rice alleviate inflammatory response in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. 29147700 1 67 theme colonic 247:253 arg1 health 255:260 colonic health 247:260 colonic health 247:260 The present study was aimed to investigate the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. 29147700 2 68 theme AIN 393:395 arg1 diets 401:405 modified AIN 93G diets 384:405 modified AIN 93G diets 384:405 Thirty two female C57Bl/6Mlac mice were fed with modified AIN 93G diets by replacing cornstarch in the original composition with white rice (WR), BR and R-BR powder. 29147700 3 69 with DSS_R-BR 732:739 arg1 BR 720:721 BR 720:721 BR 720:721 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 6 70 theme resistant 1042:1050 arg1 RS 1060:1061 RS 1060:1061 RS 1060:1061 Nevertheless, R-BR had a 1.8 fold resistant starch (RS) content of BR (p < 0.05). 29147700 6 70 theme resistant 1042:1050 arg1 starch 1052:1057 resistant starch 1042:1057 a 1.8 fold resistant starch (RS) content of BR 1031:1076 Nevertheless, R-BR had a 1.8 fold resistant starch (RS) content of BR (p < 0.05). 29147700 3 71 with diet 675:678 arg1 WR 685:686 WR 685:686 WR 685:686 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 4 72 theme greater 784:790 arg1 content 792:798 a greater content 782:798 a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid 782:887 BR and R-BR had a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid than WR (p < 0.05). 29147700 3 73 theme experimental 564:575 arg1 DSS 702:704 DSS 702:704 DSS 702:704 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 73 theme experimental 564:575 arg1 diets 577:581 the following experimental diets 550:581 the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR 550:739 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 73 theme experimental 564:575 arg1 diet 710:713 diet 710:713 diet 710:713 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 73 theme experimental 564:575 arg1 control 650:656 (2) positive control 637:656 (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR) 637:687 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 73 theme experimental 564:575 arg1 control 609:615 (1) negative control 596:615 (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR) 596:634 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 73 theme experimental 564:575 arg1 DSS_R-BR 732:739 (4) DSS_R-BR 728:739 (4) DSS_R-BR 728:739 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 73 theme experimental 564:575 arg1 DSS_BR 694:699 (3) DSS_BR 690:699 (3) DSS_BR 690:699 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 6 74 theme starch 1052:1057 arg1 content 1064:1070 a 1.8 fold resistant starch (RS) content 1031:1070 a 1.8 fold resistant starch (RS) content of BR 1031:1076 Nevertheless, R-BR had a 1.8 fold resistant starch (RS) content of BR (p < 0.05). 29147700 1 75 theme retrograded 202:212 arg1 consumption 232:242 retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption 202:242 retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption 202:242 The present study was aimed to investigate the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. 29147700 11 76 from diversity 2131:2139 arg1 cecum 2148:2152 the cecum 2144:2152 the cecum 2144:2152 Thus, the present data indicate that BR and R-BR ameliorate colonic inflammation in experimental colitis induced by DSS in mice by suppressing inflammatory mediators and modulating regulatory T cell responses as well as bacterial diversity in the cecum. 29147700 6 77 contain had 1027:1029 arg2 content 1064:1070 a 1.8 fold resistant starch (RS) content 1031:1070 a 1.8 fold resistant starch (RS) content of BR 1031:1076 Nevertheless, R-BR had a 1.8 fold resistant starch (RS) content of BR (p < 0.05). 29147700 6 77 contain had 1027:1029 arg1 R-BR 1022:1025 R-BR 1022:1025 R-BR 1022:1025 Nevertheless, R-BR had a 1.8 fold resistant starch (RS) content of BR (p < 0.05). 29147700 8 78 theme DSS_BR 1432:1437 arg1 groups 1450:1455 the DSS_BR and DSS_WR groups 1428:1455 groups 1450:1455 However, the DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet had significantly milder histopathological inflammatory injury and lower colonic iNOS expression than the DSS_BR and DSS_WR groups. 29147700 1 79 theme rice 220:223 arg1 consumption 232:242 retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption 202:242 retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption 202:242 The present study was aimed to investigate the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. 29147700 2 80 theme R-BR 488:491 arg1 powder 493:498 R-BR powder 488:498 R-BR powder 488:498 Thirty two female C57Bl/6Mlac mice were fed with modified AIN 93G diets by replacing cornstarch in the original composition with white rice (WR), BR and R-BR powder. 29147700 4 81 theme GABA 823:826 arg1 content 792:798 a greater content 782:798 a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid 782:887 BR and R-BR had a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid than WR (p < 0.05). 29147700 10 82 theme significant 1643:1653 arg1 increase 1655:1662 a significant increase 1641:1662 a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium 1641:1780 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group. 29147700 8 83 theme DSS_WR 1443:1448 arg1 groups 1450:1455 the DSS_BR and DSS_WR groups 1428:1455 groups 1450:1455 However, the DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet had significantly milder histopathological inflammatory injury and lower colonic iNOS expression than the DSS_BR and DSS_WR groups. 29147700 4 84 theme γ-oryzanol 829:838 arg1 content 792:798 a greater content 782:798 a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid 782:887 BR and R-BR had a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid than WR (p < 0.05). 29147700 7 85 theme MPO 1207:1209 arg1 content 1183:1189 a lower content 1175:1189 a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates 1175:1248 The DSS_BR and DSS_R-BR groups showed a lower ratio of colonic weight to length, and a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates than the DSS_WR group. 29147700 9 86 theme regulatory 1487:1496 arg1 cells 1500:1504 mesenteric regulatory T cells 1476:1504 mesenteric regulatory T cells 1476:1504 The percentage of mesenteric regulatory T cells significantly increased in the DSS_R-BR group compared to that in the DSS_WR group. 29147700 0 87 theme colitis 110:116 arg1 mice 118:121 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice 73:121 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice 73:121 Brown rice and retrograded brown rice alleviate inflammatory response in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. 29147700 8 88 theme histopathological 1351:1367 arg1 injury 1382:1387 significantly milder histopathological inflammatory injury 1330:1387 significantly milder histopathological inflammatory injury 1330:1387 However, the DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet had significantly milder histopathological inflammatory injury and lower colonic iNOS expression than the DSS_BR and DSS_WR groups. 29147700 7 89 theme COX-2 1200:1204 arg1 content 1183:1189 a lower content 1175:1189 a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates 1175:1248 The DSS_BR and DSS_R-BR groups showed a lower ratio of colonic weight to length, and a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates than the DSS_WR group. 29147700 4 90 theme fiber 816:820 arg1 content 792:798 a greater content 782:798 a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid 782:887 BR and R-BR had a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid than WR (p < 0.05). 29147700 1 91 theme colitis 321:327 arg1 mice 329:332 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice 284:332 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice 284:332 The present study was aimed to investigate the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. 29147700 1 92 theme brown 182:186 arg1 BR 194:195 BR 194:195 BR 194:195 The present study was aimed to investigate the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. 29147700 1 92 theme brown 182:186 arg1 rice 188:191 brown rice 182:191 brown rice (BR) 182:196 The present study was aimed to investigate the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. 29147700 7 93 theme iNOS 1194:1197 arg1 content 1183:1189 a lower content 1175:1189 a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates 1175:1248 The DSS_BR and DSS_R-BR groups showed a lower ratio of colonic weight to length, and a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates than the DSS_WR group. 29147700 2 94 theme white 464:468 arg1 WR 476:477 white rice (WR) 464:478 white rice (WR) 464:478 Thirty two female C57Bl/6Mlac mice were fed with modified AIN 93G diets by replacing cornstarch in the original composition with white rice (WR), BR and R-BR powder. 29147700 11 95 theme T 2093:2093 arg1 responses 2100:2108 regulatory T cell responses 2082:2108 regulatory T cell responses as well as bacterial diversity in the cecum 2082:2152 Thus, the present data indicate that BR and R-BR ameliorate colonic inflammation in experimental colitis induced by DSS in mice by suppressing inflammatory mediators and modulating regulatory T cell responses as well as bacterial diversity in the cecum. 29147700 11 96 theme experimental 1985:1996 arg1 colitis 1998:2004 experimental colitis 1985:2004 experimental colitis induced by DSS in mice 1985:2027 Thus, the present data indicate that BR and R-BR ameliorate colonic inflammation in experimental colitis induced by DSS in mice by suppressing inflammatory mediators and modulating regulatory T cell responses as well as bacterial diversity in the cecum. 29147700 3 97 dep WR 618:619 arg1 diet 622:625 diet 622:625 diet with WR 622:633 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 11 98 theme bacterial 2121:2129 arg1 diversity 2131:2139 bacterial diversity 2121:2139 regulatory T cell responses as well as bacterial diversity in the cecum 2082:2152 Thus, the present data indicate that BR and R-BR ameliorate colonic inflammation in experimental colitis induced by DSS in mice by suppressing inflammatory mediators and modulating regulatory T cell responses as well as bacterial diversity in the cecum. 29147700 4 99 theme acid 884:887 arg1 content 792:798 a greater content 782:798 a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid 782:887 BR and R-BR had a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid than WR (p < 0.05). 29147700 8 100 theme milder 1344:1349 arg1 injury 1382:1387 significantly milder histopathological inflammatory injury 1330:1387 significantly milder histopathological inflammatory injury 1330:1387 However, the DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet had significantly milder histopathological inflammatory injury and lower colonic iNOS expression than the DSS_BR and DSS_WR groups. 29147700 7 101 from homogenates 1238:1248 arg1 content 1183:1189 a lower content 1175:1189 a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates 1175:1248 The DSS_BR and DSS_R-BR groups showed a lower ratio of colonic weight to length, and a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates than the DSS_WR group. 29147700 4 102 theme γ-tocotrienol 841:853 arg1 content 792:798 a greater content 782:798 a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid 782:887 BR and R-BR had a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid than WR (p < 0.05). 29147700 9 103 theme T 1498:1498 arg1 cells 1500:1504 mesenteric regulatory T cells 1476:1504 mesenteric regulatory T cells 1476:1504 The percentage of mesenteric regulatory T cells significantly increased in the DSS_R-BR group compared to that in the DSS_WR group. 29147700 6 104 theme fold 1037:1040 arg1 content 1064:1070 a 1.8 fold resistant starch (RS) content 1031:1070 a 1.8 fold resistant starch (RS) content of BR 1031:1076 Nevertheless, R-BR had a 1.8 fold resistant starch (RS) content of BR (p < 0.05). 29147700 8 105 theme R-BR 1316:1319 arg1 diet 1321:1324 the R-BR diet 1312:1324 the R-BR diet 1312:1324 However, the DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet had significantly milder histopathological inflammatory injury and lower colonic iNOS expression than the DSS_BR and DSS_WR groups. 29147700 4 106 theme ferulic 856:862 arg1 acid 864:867 ferulic acid 856:867 ferulic acid 856:867 BR and R-BR had a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid than WR (p < 0.05). 29147700 3 107 dep control 609:615 arg1 1 597:597 1 597:597 1 597:597 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 7 108 from content 1183:1189 arg1 homogenates 1238:1248 colonic homogenates 1230:1248 colonic homogenates 1230:1248 The DSS_BR and DSS_R-BR groups showed a lower ratio of colonic weight to length, and a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates than the DSS_WR group. 29147700 10 109 dep Coprococcus 1750:1760 arg1 Dorea 1743:1747 Dorea 1743:1747 Dorea 1743:1747 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group. 29147700 10 109 dep Coprococcus 1750:1760 arg1 Ruminococcus 1729:1740 genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus 1710:1760 Ruminococcus 1729:1740 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group. 29147700 8 110 contain had 1326:1328 arg2 expression 1412:1421 lower colonic iNOS expression 1393:1421 lower colonic iNOS expression 1393:1421 However, the DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet had significantly milder histopathological inflammatory injury and lower colonic iNOS expression than the DSS_BR and DSS_WR groups. 29147700 8 110 contain had 1326:1328 arg1 mice 1298:1301 the DSS treated mice 1282:1301 the DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet 1282:1324 However, the DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet had significantly milder histopathological inflammatory injury and lower colonic iNOS expression than the DSS_BR and DSS_WR groups. 29147700 8 110 contain had 1326:1328 arg2 injury 1382:1387 significantly milder histopathological inflammatory injury 1330:1387 significantly milder histopathological inflammatory injury 1330:1387 However, the DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet had significantly milder histopathological inflammatory injury and lower colonic iNOS expression than the DSS_BR and DSS_WR groups. 29147700 10 111 from decrease 1800:1807 arg1 Enterococcus 1858:1869 Enterococcus 1858:1869 Enterococcus 1858:1869 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group. 29147700 10 111 from decrease 1800:1807 arg1 Bacteroides 1842:1852 Bacteroides 1842:1852 Bacteroides 1842:1852 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group. 29147700 10 111 from decrease 1800:1807 arg1 bacteria 1823:1830 pathogenic bacteria 1812:1830 pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus 1812:1869 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group. 29147700 3 112 with DSS_BR 694:699 arg1 BR 720:721 BR 720:721 BR 720:721 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 1 113 theme sulfate 292:298 arg1 DSS 308:310 DSS 308:310 DSS 308:310 The present study was aimed to investigate the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. 29147700 1 113 theme sulfate 292:298 arg1 sodium 300:305 dextran sulfate sodium 284:305 dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice 284:332 The present study was aimed to investigate the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. 29147700 7 114 from iNOS 1194:1197 arg1 homogenates 1238:1248 colonic homogenates 1230:1248 colonic homogenates 1230:1248 The DSS_BR and DSS_R-BR groups showed a lower ratio of colonic weight to length, and a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates than the DSS_WR group. 29147700 3 115 with diet 622:625 arg1 WR 632:633 WR 632:633 WR 632:633 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 7 116 theme colonic 1145:1151 arg1 weight 1153:1158 colonic weight 1145:1158 colonic weight 1145:1158 The DSS_BR and DSS_R-BR groups showed a lower ratio of colonic weight to length, and a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates than the DSS_WR group. 29147700 9 117 theme DSS_WR 1576:1581 arg1 group 1583:1587 the DSS_WR group 1572:1587 the DSS_WR group 1572:1587 The percentage of mesenteric regulatory T cells significantly increased in the DSS_R-BR group compared to that in the DSS_WR group. 29147700 9 118 theme cells 1500:1504 arg1 percentage 1462:1471 The percentage 1458:1471 The percentage of mesenteric regulatory T cells 1458:1504 The percentage of mesenteric regulatory T cells significantly increased in the DSS_R-BR group compared to that in the DSS_WR group. 29147700 3 119 theme positive 641:648 arg1 diets 577:581 the following experimental diets 550:581 the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR 550:739 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 119 theme positive 641:648 arg1 control 650:656 (2) positive control 637:656 (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR) 637:687 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 7 120 from COX-2 1200:1204 arg1 homogenates 1238:1248 colonic homogenates 1230:1248 colonic homogenates 1230:1248 The DSS_BR and DSS_R-BR groups showed a lower ratio of colonic weight to length, and a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates than the DSS_WR group. 29147700 8 121 theme inflammatory 1369:1380 arg1 injury 1382:1387 significantly milder histopathological inflammatory injury 1330:1387 significantly milder histopathological inflammatory injury 1330:1387 However, the DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet had significantly milder histopathological inflammatory injury and lower colonic iNOS expression than the DSS_BR and DSS_WR groups. 29147700 6 122 theme BR 1075:1076 arg1 content 1064:1070 a 1.8 fold resistant starch (RS) content 1031:1070 a 1.8 fold resistant starch (RS) content of BR 1031:1076 Nevertheless, R-BR had a 1.8 fold resistant starch (RS) content of BR (p < 0.05). 29147700 7 123 from MPO 1207:1209 arg1 homogenates 1238:1248 colonic homogenates 1230:1248 colonic homogenates 1230:1248 The DSS_BR and DSS_R-BR groups showed a lower ratio of colonic weight to length, and a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates than the DSS_WR group. 29147700 3 124 with control 609:615 arg1 BR 720:721 BR 720:721 BR 720:721 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 11 125 theme regulatory 2082:2091 arg1 responses 2100:2108 regulatory T cell responses 2082:2108 regulatory T cell responses as well as bacterial diversity in the cecum 2082:2152 Thus, the present data indicate that BR and R-BR ameliorate colonic inflammation in experimental colitis induced by DSS in mice by suppressing inflammatory mediators and modulating regulatory T cell responses as well as bacterial diversity in the cecum. 29147700 10 126 theme DSS_WR 1887:1892 arg1 group 1894:1898 the DSS_WR group 1883:1898 the DSS_WR group 1883:1898 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group. 29147700 4 127 theme p 898:898 arg1 WR 894:895 WR 894:895 WR (p < 0.05) 894:906 BR and R-BR had a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid than WR (p < 0.05). 29147700 4 127 theme p 898:898 arg1 < 900:900 p < 0.05 898:905 p < 0.05 898:905 BR and R-BR had a greater content of fat, dietary fiber, GABA, γ-oryzanol, γ-tocotrienol, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid than WR (p < 0.05). 29147700 5 128 theme bioactive 957:965 arg1 compounds 967:975 these bioactive compounds 951:975 these bioactive compounds 951:975 No significant difference in the level of these bioactive compounds was noted between BR and R-BR. 29147700 0 129 theme retrograded 15:25 arg1 rice 33:36 retrograded brown rice 15:36 retrograded brown rice 15:36 Brown rice and retrograded brown rice alleviate inflammatory response in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. 29147700 8 130 theme colonic 1399:1405 arg1 expression 1412:1421 lower colonic iNOS expression 1393:1421 lower colonic iNOS expression 1393:1421 However, the DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet had significantly milder histopathological inflammatory injury and lower colonic iNOS expression than the DSS_BR and DSS_WR groups. 29147700 10 131 theme bacterial 1673:1681 arg1 diversity 1683:1691 cecal bacterial diversity 1667:1691 cecal bacterial diversity 1667:1691 The DSS treated mice fed with the R-BR diet showed a significant increase in cecal bacterial diversity and abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus and Dehalobacterium but a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria including Bacteroides and Enterococcus compared to the DSS_WR group. 29147700 2 132 theme female 346:351 arg1 mice 365:368 Thirty two female C57Bl/6Mlac mice 335:368 Thirty two female C57Bl/6Mlac mice 335:368 Thirty two female C57Bl/6Mlac mice were fed with modified AIN 93G diets by replacing cornstarch in the original composition with white rice (WR), BR and R-BR powder. 29147700 2 133 theme 93G 397:399 arg1 diets 401:405 modified AIN 93G diets 384:405 modified AIN 93G diets 384:405 Thirty two female C57Bl/6Mlac mice were fed with modified AIN 93G diets by replacing cornstarch in the original composition with white rice (WR), BR and R-BR powder. 29147700 0 134 theme inflammatory 48:59 arg1 response 61:68 inflammatory response 48:68 inflammatory response in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice 48:121 Brown rice and retrograded brown rice alleviate inflammatory response in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. 29147700 7 135 theme lower 1130:1134 arg1 ratio 1136:1140 a lower ratio 1128:1140 a lower ratio of colonic weight to length 1128:1168 The DSS_BR and DSS_R-BR groups showed a lower ratio of colonic weight to length, and a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates than the DSS_WR group. 29147700 2 136 theme modified 384:391 arg1 diets 401:405 modified AIN 93G diets 384:405 modified AIN 93G diets 384:405 Thirty two female C57Bl/6Mlac mice were fed with modified AIN 93G diets by replacing cornstarch in the original composition with white rice (WR), BR and R-BR powder. 29147700 3 137 theme following 554:562 arg1 DSS 702:704 DSS 702:704 DSS 702:704 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 137 theme following 554:562 arg1 diets 577:581 the following experimental diets 550:581 the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR 550:739 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 137 theme following 554:562 arg1 diet 710:713 diet 710:713 diet 710:713 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 137 theme following 554:562 arg1 control 650:656 (2) positive control 637:656 (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR) 637:687 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 137 theme following 554:562 arg1 control 609:615 (1) negative control 596:615 (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR) 596:634 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 137 theme following 554:562 arg1 DSS_R-BR 732:739 (4) DSS_R-BR 728:739 (4) DSS_R-BR 728:739 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 137 theme following 554:562 arg1 DSS_BR 694:699 (3) DSS_BR 690:699 (3) DSS_BR 690:699 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 3 138 dep DSS_R-BR 732:739 arg1 4 729:729 4 729:729 4 729:729 The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed with the following experimental diets for 4 weeks: (1) negative control (WR: diet with WR), (2) positive control (DSS_WR: DSS and diet with WR), (3) DSS_BR: DSS and diet with BR, and (4) DSS_R-BR: DSS and diet with R-BR. 29147700 1 139 theme gut 266:268 arg1 microbiota 270:279 gut microbiota 266:279 gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice 266:332 The present study was aimed to investigate the impacts of brown rice (BR) and retrograded brown rice (R-BR) consumption on colonic health and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. 29147700 7 140 theme DSS_R-BR 1105:1112 arg1 groups 1114:1119 The DSS_BR and DSS_R-BR groups 1090:1119 groups 1114:1119 The DSS_BR and DSS_R-BR groups showed a lower ratio of colonic weight to length, and a lower content of iNOS, COX-2, MPO, IL-6 and INF-γ in colonic homogenates than the DSS_WR group. 28476604 10 0 theme oxidative 1537:1545 arg1 stress 1547:1552 oxidative stress 1537:1552 oxidative stress 1537:1552 Additionally, phytochemical compounds present in KAO decrease oxidative stress. 28476604 1 1 theme other 150:154 arg1 oak 172:174 oak 172:174 oak leaves infusions 172:191 Black tea infusion is the common substrate for preparing kombucha; however other sources such as oak leaves infusions can be used for the same purpose. 28476604 1 1 theme other 150:154 arg1 sources 156:162 other sources 150:162 other sources such as oak leaves infusions 150:191 Black tea infusion is the common substrate for preparing kombucha; however other sources such as oak leaves infusions can be used for the same purpose. 28476604 10 2 from present 1513:1519 arg1 KAO 1524:1526 KAO 1524:1526 KAO 1524:1526 Additionally, phytochemical compounds present in KAO decrease oxidative stress. 28476604 8 3 theme LPS-stimulated 1276:1289 arg1 macrophages 1291:1301 LPS-stimulated macrophages 1276:1301 LPS-stimulated macrophages 1276:1301 Likewise, NO production was lower in treatment with kombucha and KAO compared with LPS-stimulated macrophages. 28476604 7 4 dep cytokines 1112:1120 arg1 cytokines 1112:1120 pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha 1095:1139 pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha 1095:1139 Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha were significantly reduced by the sample treatment. 28476604 7 4 dep cytokines 1112:1120 arg1 TNF-alpha 1131:1139 TNF-alpha 1131:1139 TNF-alpha 1131:1139 Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha were significantly reduced by the sample treatment. 28476604 7 4 dep cytokines 1112:1120 arg1 IL-6 1122:1125 IL-6 1122:1125 IL-6 1122:1125 Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha were significantly reduced by the sample treatment. 28476604 4 5 theme kombucha 654:661 arg1 consortium 663:672 kombucha consortium 654:672 kombucha consortium 654:672 Herbal infusions from oak and black tea were fermented by kombucha consortium during seven days at 28 °C. Chemical composition was determined by LC-ESI-MS/MS. 28476604 6 6 theme stimulated 978:987 arg1 macrophages 989:999 stimulated macrophages 978:999 stimulated macrophages 978:999 Additionally, it was determined the anti-inflammatory activity using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - stimulated macrophages; in particular, the nitric oxide (NO), TNF-alpha, and IL-6 production was assessed. 28476604 3 7 dep activity 472:479 arg1 the 456:458 the 456:458 the 456:458 The objective of this research was to investigate the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects of KAO by examining its modulation ability on macrophage-derived TNF-alpha and IL-6. 28476604 10 8 from KAO 1524:1526 arg1 present 1513:1519 present 1513:1519 present 1513:1519 Additionally, phytochemical compounds present in KAO decrease oxidative stress. 28476604 7 9 theme sample 1175:1180 arg1 treatment 1182:1190 the sample treatment 1171:1190 the sample treatment 1171:1190 Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha were significantly reduced by the sample treatment. 28476604 10 10 attach present 1513:1519 arg2 compounds 1503:1511 phytochemical compounds 1489:1511 phytochemical compounds present in KAO 1489:1526 Additionally, phytochemical compounds present in KAO decrease oxidative stress. 28476604 10 10 attach present 1513:1519 arg1 KAO 1524:1526 KAO 1524:1526 KAO 1524:1526 Additionally, phytochemical compounds present in KAO decrease oxidative stress. 28476604 6 11 theme oxide 1028:1032 arg1 production 1060:1069 the nitric oxide (NO), TNF-alpha, and IL-6 production 1017:1069 the nitric oxide (NO), TNF-alpha, and IL-6 production 1017:1069 Additionally, it was determined the anti-inflammatory activity using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - stimulated macrophages; in particular, the nitric oxide (NO), TNF-alpha, and IL-6 production was assessed. 28476604 1 12 theme Black 75:79 arg1 substrate 108:116 the common substrate 97:116 the common substrate for preparing kombucha 97:139 Black tea infusion is the common substrate for preparing kombucha; however other sources such as oak leaves infusions can be used for the same purpose. 28476604 1 12 theme Black 75:79 arg1 infusion 85:92 Black tea infusion 75:92 Black tea infusion 75:92 Black tea infusion is the common substrate for preparing kombucha; however other sources such as oak leaves infusions can be used for the same purpose. 28476604 4 13 from tea 632:634 arg1 infusions 603:611 Herbal infusions 596:611 Herbal infusions from oak and black tea 596:634 Herbal infusions from oak and black tea were fermented by kombucha consortium during seven days at 28 °C. Chemical composition was determined by LC-ESI-MS/MS. 28476604 4 14 theme black 626:630 arg1 tea 632:634 black tea 626:634 black tea 626:634 Herbal infusions from oak and black tea were fermented by kombucha consortium during seven days at 28 °C. Chemical composition was determined by LC-ESI-MS/MS. 28476604 7 15 theme pro-inflammatory 1095:1110 arg1 cytokines 1112:1120 pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha 1095:1139 pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha 1095:1139 Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha were significantly reduced by the sample treatment. 28476604 7 15 theme pro-inflammatory 1095:1110 arg1 TNF-alpha 1131:1139 TNF-alpha 1131:1139 TNF-alpha 1131:1139 Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha were significantly reduced by the sample treatment. 28476604 7 15 theme pro-inflammatory 1095:1110 arg1 IL-6 1122:1125 IL-6 1122:1125 IL-6 1122:1125 Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha were significantly reduced by the sample treatment. 28476604 8 16 with treatment 1230:1238 arg1 KAO 1258:1260 KAO 1258:1260 KAO 1258:1260 Likewise, NO production was lower in treatment with kombucha and KAO compared with LPS-stimulated macrophages. 28476604 8 16 with treatment 1230:1238 arg1 kombucha 1245:1252 kombucha 1245:1252 kombucha 1245:1252 Likewise, NO production was lower in treatment with kombucha and KAO compared with LPS-stimulated macrophages. 28476604 1 17 theme tea 81:83 arg1 substrate 108:116 the common substrate 97:116 the common substrate for preparing kombucha 97:139 Black tea infusion is the common substrate for preparing kombucha; however other sources such as oak leaves infusions can be used for the same purpose. 28476604 1 17 theme tea 81:83 arg1 infusion 85:92 Black tea infusion 75:92 Black tea infusion 75:92 Black tea infusion is the common substrate for preparing kombucha; however other sources such as oak leaves infusions can be used for the same purpose. 28476604 8 18 theme NO 1203:1204 arg1 production 1206:1215 NO production 1203:1215 NO production 1203:1215 Likewise, NO production was lower in treatment with kombucha and KAO compared with LPS-stimulated macrophages. 28476604 5 19 theme samples 783:789 arg1 activity 771:778 The antioxidant activity 755:778 The antioxidant activity of samples against oxidative damage caused by H2O2 in monocytes activated (macrophages) 755:866 The antioxidant activity of samples against oxidative damage caused by H2O2 in monocytes activated (macrophages) was explored. 28476604 9 20 theme Fermented 1304:1312 arg1 beverages 1314:1322 Fermented beverages 1304:1322 Fermented beverages of oak 1304:1329 Fermented beverages of oak effectively down-regulated the production of NO, while pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) in macrophages were stimulated with LPS. 28476604 6 21 theme TNF-alpha 1040:1048 arg1 production 1060:1069 the nitric oxide (NO), TNF-alpha, and IL-6 production 1017:1069 the nitric oxide (NO), TNF-alpha, and IL-6 production 1017:1069 Additionally, it was determined the anti-inflammatory activity using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - stimulated macrophages; in particular, the nitric oxide (NO), TNF-alpha, and IL-6 production was assessed. 28476604 4 22 theme Chemical 702:709 arg1 composition 711:721 Chemical composition 702:721 Chemical composition 702:721 Herbal infusions from oak and black tea were fermented by kombucha consortium during seven days at 28 °C. Chemical composition was determined by LC-ESI-MS/MS. 28476604 0 23 theme Oak 0:2 arg1 kombucha 4:11 Oak kombucha 0:11 Oak kombucha 0:11 Oak kombucha protects against oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. 28476604 2 24 theme medicinal 275:283 arg1 applications 285:296 medicinal applications 275:296 medicinal applications 275:296 Almost any white oak species have been used for medicinal applications by some ethnic groups in Mexico and could be also suitable for preparing kombucha analogues from oak (KAO). 28476604 4 25 from oak 618:620 arg1 infusions 603:611 Herbal infusions 596:611 Herbal infusions from oak and black tea 596:634 Herbal infusions from oak and black tea were fermented by kombucha consortium during seven days at 28 °C. Chemical composition was determined by LC-ESI-MS/MS. 28476604 5 26 theme oxidative 799:807 arg1 damage 809:814 oxidative damage 799:814 oxidative damage caused by H2O2 in monocytes activated (macrophages) 799:866 The antioxidant activity of samples against oxidative damage caused by H2O2 in monocytes activated (macrophages) was explored. 28476604 10 27 theme phytochemical 1489:1501 arg1 compounds 1503:1511 phytochemical compounds 1489:1511 phytochemical compounds present in KAO 1489:1526 Additionally, phytochemical compounds present in KAO decrease oxidative stress. 28476604 3 28 theme KAO 514:516 arg1 effects 503:509 anti-inflammatory effects 485:509 anti-inflammatory effects 485:509 The objective of this research was to investigate the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects of KAO by examining its modulation ability on macrophage-derived TNF-alpha and IL-6. 28476604 3 28 theme KAO 514:516 arg1 activity 472:479 antioxidant activity 460:479 antioxidant activity 460:479 The objective of this research was to investigate the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects of KAO by examining its modulation ability on macrophage-derived TNF-alpha and IL-6. 28476604 1 29 dep oak 172:174 arg1 leaves 176:181 leaves 176:181 leaves infusions 176:191 Black tea infusion is the common substrate for preparing kombucha; however other sources such as oak leaves infusions can be used for the same purpose. 28476604 9 30 theme oak 1327:1329 arg1 beverages 1314:1322 Fermented beverages 1304:1322 Fermented beverages of oak 1304:1329 Fermented beverages of oak effectively down-regulated the production of NO, while pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) in macrophages were stimulated with LPS. 28476604 1 31 dep substrate 108:116 arg1 used 200:203 used 200:203 can be used for the same purpose 193:224 Black tea infusion is the common substrate for preparing kombucha; however other sources such as oak leaves infusions can be used for the same purpose. 28476604 1 32 theme common 101:106 arg1 substrate 108:116 the common substrate 97:116 the common substrate for preparing kombucha 97:139 Black tea infusion is the common substrate for preparing kombucha; however other sources such as oak leaves infusions can be used for the same purpose. 28476604 1 32 theme common 101:106 arg1 infusion 85:92 Black tea infusion 75:92 Black tea infusion 75:92 Black tea infusion is the common substrate for preparing kombucha; however other sources such as oak leaves infusions can be used for the same purpose. 28476604 4 33 theme Herbal 596:601 arg1 infusions 603:611 Herbal infusions 596:611 Herbal infusions from oak and black tea 596:634 Herbal infusions from oak and black tea were fermented by kombucha consortium during seven days at 28 °C. Chemical composition was determined by LC-ESI-MS/MS. 28476604 7 34 theme cytokines 1112:1120 arg1 Levels 1085:1090 Levels 1085:1090 Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha 1085:1139 Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha were significantly reduced by the sample treatment. 28476604 9 35 from cytokines 1403:1411 arg1 macrophages 1437:1447 macrophages 1437:1447 macrophages 1437:1447 Fermented beverages of oak effectively down-regulated the production of NO, while pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) in macrophages were stimulated with LPS. 28476604 3 36 theme anti-inflammatory 485:501 arg1 effects 503:509 anti-inflammatory effects 485:509 anti-inflammatory effects 485:509 The objective of this research was to investigate the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects of KAO by examining its modulation ability on macrophage-derived TNF-alpha and IL-6. 28476604 1 37 used used 200:203 arg2 sources 156:162 other sources 150:162 other sources such as oak leaves infusions 150:191 Black tea infusion is the common substrate for preparing kombucha; however other sources such as oak leaves infusions can be used for the same purpose. 28476604 1 37 used used 200:203 arg2 oak 172:174 oak 172:174 oak leaves infusions 172:191 Black tea infusion is the common substrate for preparing kombucha; however other sources such as oak leaves infusions can be used for the same purpose. 28476604 2 38 theme kombucha 371:378 arg1 analogues 380:388 kombucha analogues 371:388 kombucha analogues 371:388 Almost any white oak species have been used for medicinal applications by some ethnic groups in Mexico and could be also suitable for preparing kombucha analogues from oak (KAO). 28476604 0 39 theme oxidative 30:38 arg1 stress 40:45 oxidative stress 30:45 oxidative stress 30:45 Oak kombucha protects against oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. 28476604 5 40 theme antioxidant 759:769 arg1 activity 771:778 The antioxidant activity 755:778 The antioxidant activity of samples against oxidative damage caused by H2O2 in monocytes activated (macrophages) 755:866 The antioxidant activity of samples against oxidative damage caused by H2O2 in monocytes activated (macrophages) was explored. 28476604 3 41 theme macrophage-derived 557:574 arg1 TNF-alpha 576:584 macrophage-derived TNF-alpha 557:584 macrophage-derived TNF-alpha 557:584 The objective of this research was to investigate the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects of KAO by examining its modulation ability on macrophage-derived TNF-alpha and IL-6. 28476604 5 42 from H2O2 826:829 arg1 monocytes 834:842 monocytes 834:842 monocytes activated (macrophages) 834:866 The antioxidant activity of samples against oxidative damage caused by H2O2 in monocytes activated (macrophages) was explored. 28476604 5 42 from H2O2 826:829 arg1 macrophages 855:865 macrophages 855:865 macrophages 855:865 The antioxidant activity of samples against oxidative damage caused by H2O2 in monocytes activated (macrophages) was explored. 28476604 0 43 theme inflammatory 51:62 arg1 processes 64:72 inflammatory processes 51:72 inflammatory processes 51:72 Oak kombucha protects against oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. 28476604 6 44 theme anti-inflammatory 918:934 arg1 activity 936:943 the anti-inflammatory activity 914:943 the anti-inflammatory activity 914:943 Additionally, it was determined the anti-inflammatory activity using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - stimulated macrophages; in particular, the nitric oxide (NO), TNF-alpha, and IL-6 production was assessed. 28476604 3 45 theme modulation 535:544 arg1 ability 546:552 its modulation ability 531:552 its modulation ability 531:552 The objective of this research was to investigate the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects of KAO by examining its modulation ability on macrophage-derived TNF-alpha and IL-6. 28476604 3 46 link macrophage-derived 557:574 arg1 TNF-alpha 576:584 macrophage-derived TNF-alpha 557:584 macrophage-derived TNF-alpha 557:584 The objective of this research was to investigate the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects of KAO by examining its modulation ability on macrophage-derived TNF-alpha and IL-6. 28476604 5 47 dep activated 844:852 arg1 monocytes 834:842 monocytes 834:842 monocytes activated (macrophages) 834:866 The antioxidant activity of samples against oxidative damage caused by H2O2 in monocytes activated (macrophages) was explored. 28476604 5 47 dep activated 844:852 arg1 macrophages 855:865 macrophages 855:865 macrophages 855:865 The antioxidant activity of samples against oxidative damage caused by H2O2 in monocytes activated (macrophages) was explored. 28476604 2 48 theme ethnic 306:311 arg1 groups 313:318 some ethnic groups 301:318 some ethnic groups 301:318 Almost any white oak species have been used for medicinal applications by some ethnic groups in Mexico and could be also suitable for preparing kombucha analogues from oak (KAO). 28476604 2 49 used used 266:269 arg2 species 248:254 Almost any white oak species 227:254 Almost any white oak species 227:254 Almost any white oak species have been used for medicinal applications by some ethnic groups in Mexico and could be also suitable for preparing kombucha analogues from oak (KAO). 28476604 10 50 theme present 1513:1519 arg1 compounds 1503:1511 phytochemical compounds 1489:1511 phytochemical compounds present in KAO 1489:1526 Additionally, phytochemical compounds present in KAO decrease oxidative stress. 28476604 2 51 theme white 238:242 arg1 species 248:254 Almost any white oak species 227:254 Almost any white oak species 227:254 Almost any white oak species have been used for medicinal applications by some ethnic groups in Mexico and could be also suitable for preparing kombucha analogues from oak (KAO). 28476604 9 52 theme NO 1376:1377 arg1 production 1362:1371 the production 1358:1371 the production of NO 1358:1377 Fermented beverages of oak effectively down-regulated the production of NO, while pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) in macrophages were stimulated with LPS. 28476604 2 53 theme oak 244:246 arg1 species 248:254 Almost any white oak species 227:254 Almost any white oak species 227:254 Almost any white oak species have been used for medicinal applications by some ethnic groups in Mexico and could be also suitable for preparing kombucha analogues from oak (KAO). 28476604 9 54 dep cytokines 1403:1411 arg1 IL-6 1428:1431 IL-6 1428:1431 IL-6 1428:1431 Fermented beverages of oak effectively down-regulated the production of NO, while pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) in macrophages were stimulated with LPS. 28476604 9 54 dep cytokines 1403:1411 arg1 TNF-alpha 1414:1422 TNF-alpha 1414:1422 TNF-alpha 1414:1422 Fermented beverages of oak effectively down-regulated the production of NO, while pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) in macrophages were stimulated with LPS. 28476604 9 54 dep cytokines 1403:1411 arg1 cytokines 1403:1411 pro-inflammatory cytokines 1386:1411 pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) in macrophages 1386:1447 Fermented beverages of oak effectively down-regulated the production of NO, while pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) in macrophages were stimulated with LPS. 28476604 2 55 theme any 234:236 arg1 species 248:254 Almost any white oak species 227:254 Almost any white oak species 227:254 Almost any white oak species have been used for medicinal applications by some ethnic groups in Mexico and could be also suitable for preparing kombucha analogues from oak (KAO). 28476604 3 56 theme research 428:435 arg1 objective 410:418 The objective 406:418 The objective of this research 406:435 The objective of this research was to investigate the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects of KAO by examining its modulation ability on macrophage-derived TNF-alpha and IL-6. 28476604 3 57 theme antioxidant 460:470 arg1 activity 472:479 antioxidant activity 460:479 antioxidant activity 460:479 The objective of this research was to investigate the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects of KAO by examining its modulation ability on macrophage-derived TNF-alpha and IL-6. 28476604 1 58 theme same 213:216 arg1 purpose 218:224 the same purpose 209:224 the same purpose 209:224 Black tea infusion is the common substrate for preparing kombucha; however other sources such as oak leaves infusions can be used for the same purpose. 28476604 9 59 theme pro-inflammatory 1386:1401 arg1 IL-6 1428:1431 IL-6 1428:1431 IL-6 1428:1431 Fermented beverages of oak effectively down-regulated the production of NO, while pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) in macrophages were stimulated with LPS. 28476604 9 59 theme pro-inflammatory 1386:1401 arg1 TNF-alpha 1414:1422 TNF-alpha 1414:1422 TNF-alpha 1414:1422 Fermented beverages of oak effectively down-regulated the production of NO, while pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) in macrophages were stimulated with LPS. 28476604 9 59 theme pro-inflammatory 1386:1401 arg1 cytokines 1403:1411 pro-inflammatory cytokines 1386:1411 pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) in macrophages 1386:1447 Fermented beverages of oak effectively down-regulated the production of NO, while pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) in macrophages were stimulated with LPS. 28476604 6 60 theme IL-6 1055:1058 arg1 production 1060:1069 the nitric oxide (NO), TNF-alpha, and IL-6 production 1017:1069 the nitric oxide (NO), TNF-alpha, and IL-6 production 1017:1069 Additionally, it was determined the anti-inflammatory activity using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - stimulated macrophages; in particular, the nitric oxide (NO), TNF-alpha, and IL-6 production was assessed. 28476604 6 61 theme nitric 1021:1026 arg1 oxide 1028:1032 nitric oxide 1021:1032 nitric oxide (NO) 1021:1037 Additionally, it was determined the anti-inflammatory activity using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - stimulated macrophages; in particular, the nitric oxide (NO), TNF-alpha, and IL-6 production was assessed. 28476604 6 61 theme nitric 1021:1026 arg1 NO 1035:1036 NO 1035:1036 NO 1035:1036 Additionally, it was determined the anti-inflammatory activity using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - stimulated macrophages; in particular, the nitric oxide (NO), TNF-alpha, and IL-6 production was assessed. 35610795 7 0 theme N-linked 1278:1285 arg1 oligosaccharide 1287:1301 the N-linked oligosaccharide 1274:1301 the N-linked oligosaccharide 1274:1301 The strong binding, observed using the hemagglutination inhibition assay, was attributed to the glycocluster effect of the glycopolymer and the biantennary structure of the N-linked oligosaccharide. 35610795 3 1 theme reversible 604:613 arg1 technique 653:661 a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer technique 602:661 a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer technique 602:661 The resultant glycomonomers were copolymerized with acrylamide by a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer technique. 35610795 1 2 link triazole-linked 157:171 arg1 sialyloligosaccharides 173:194 pendant triazole-linked sialyloligosaccharides 149:194 pendant triazole-linked sialyloligosaccharides 149:194 Glycopolymers having pendant triazole-linked sialyloligosaccharides were successfully synthesized from free saccharides without any protection of the hydroxy and carboxy groups on the saccharides. 35610795 7 3 theme glycopolymer 1228:1239 arg1 structure 1261:1269 the biantennary structure 1245:1269 the biantennary structure of the N-linked oligosaccharide 1245:1301 The strong binding, observed using the hemagglutination inhibition assay, was attributed to the glycocluster effect of the glycopolymer and the biantennary structure of the N-linked oligosaccharide. 35610795 7 3 theme glycopolymer 1228:1239 arg1 effect 1214:1219 the glycocluster effect 1197:1219 the glycocluster effect of the glycopolymer 1197:1239 The strong binding, observed using the hemagglutination inhibition assay, was attributed to the glycocluster effect of the glycopolymer and the biantennary structure of the N-linked oligosaccharide. 35610795 6 4 theme human 1068:1072 arg1 viruses 1096:1102 both human and avian influenza A viruses 1063:1102 both human and avian influenza A viruses 1063:1102 In addition, the glycopolymer bearing a complex-type sialyl N-linked oligosaccharide was found to strongly bind with both human and avian influenza A viruses. 35610795 7 5 theme oligosaccharide 1287:1301 arg1 structure 1261:1269 the biantennary structure 1245:1269 the biantennary structure of the N-linked oligosaccharide 1245:1301 The strong binding, observed using the hemagglutination inhibition assay, was attributed to the glycocluster effect of the glycopolymer and the biantennary structure of the N-linked oligosaccharide. 35610795 7 5 theme oligosaccharide 1287:1301 arg1 effect 1214:1219 the glycocluster effect 1197:1219 the glycocluster effect of the glycopolymer 1197:1239 The strong binding, observed using the hemagglutination inhibition assay, was attributed to the glycocluster effect of the glycopolymer and the biantennary structure of the N-linked oligosaccharide. 35610795 3 6 theme addition-fragmentation 615:636 arg1 technique 653:661 a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer technique 602:661 a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer technique 602:661 The resultant glycomonomers were copolymerized with acrylamide by a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer technique. 35610795 2 7 theme saccharides 392:402 arg1 azidation 374:382 the direct azidation 363:382 the direct azidation of free saccharides using 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride as a condensing agent followed by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition 363:533 The glycomonomers were synthesized by the direct azidation of free saccharides using 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride as a condensing agent followed by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. 35610795 1 8 contain having 142:147 arg2 sialyloligosaccharides 173:194 pendant triazole-linked sialyloligosaccharides 149:194 pendant triazole-linked sialyloligosaccharides 149:194 Glycopolymers having pendant triazole-linked sialyloligosaccharides were successfully synthesized from free saccharides without any protection of the hydroxy and carboxy groups on the saccharides. 35610795 1 8 contain having 142:147 arg1 Glycopolymers 128:140 Glycopolymers 128:140 Glycopolymers having pendant triazole-linked sialyloligosaccharides 128:194 Glycopolymers having pendant triazole-linked sialyloligosaccharides were successfully synthesized from free saccharides without any protection of the hydroxy and carboxy groups on the saccharides. 35610795 6 9 located found 1035:1039 arg2 glycopolymer 963:974 the glycopolymer 959:974 the glycopolymer bearing a complex-type sialyl N-linked oligosaccharide 959:1029 In addition, the glycopolymer bearing a complex-type sialyl N-linked oligosaccharide was found to strongly bind with both human and avian influenza A viruses. 35610795 6 9 located found 1035:1039 arg1 addition 949:956 addition 949:956 addition 949:956 In addition, the glycopolymer bearing a complex-type sialyl N-linked oligosaccharide was found to strongly bind with both human and avian influenza A viruses. 35610795 0 10 theme Influenza 111:119 arg1 Virus 121:125 the Influenza Virus 107:125 the Influenza Virus 107:125 Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis of Glycopolymers Bearing Sialyloligosaccharide and Their High Binding with the Influenza Virus. 35610795 0 11 with Binding 94:100 arg1 Virus 121:125 the Influenza Virus 107:125 the Influenza Virus 107:125 Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis of Glycopolymers Bearing Sialyloligosaccharide and Their High Binding with the Influenza Virus. 35610795 5 12 theme corresponding 873:885 arg1 lectin 887:892 the corresponding lectin 869:892 the corresponding lectin without nonspecific adsorption in aqueous solution 869:943 The glycopolymers strongly bound with the corresponding lectin without nonspecific adsorption in aqueous solution. 35610795 7 13 theme biantennary 1249:1259 arg1 structure 1261:1269 the biantennary structure 1245:1269 the biantennary structure of the N-linked oligosaccharide 1245:1301 The strong binding, observed using the hemagglutination inhibition assay, was attributed to the glycocluster effect of the glycopolymer and the biantennary structure of the N-linked oligosaccharide. 35610795 4 14 theme quartz 752:757 arg1 microbalance 767:778 quartz crystal microbalance 752:778 quartz crystal microbalance 752:778 Each of the glycopolymers were obtained and then immobilized on a gold-coated sensor of quartz crystal microbalance to analyze their binding behavior with the lectin. 35610795 1 15 theme free 231:234 arg1 saccharides 236:246 free saccharides 231:246 free saccharides without any protection of the hydroxy and carboxy groups on the saccharides 231:322 Glycopolymers having pendant triazole-linked sialyloligosaccharides were successfully synthesized from free saccharides without any protection of the hydroxy and carboxy groups on the saccharides. 35610795 6 16 theme N-linked 1006:1013 arg1 oligosaccharide 1015:1029 a complex-type sialyl N-linked oligosaccharide 984:1029 a complex-type sialyl N-linked oligosaccharide 984:1029 In addition, the glycopolymer bearing a complex-type sialyl N-linked oligosaccharide was found to strongly bind with both human and avian influenza A viruses. 35610795 7 17 theme hemagglutination 1144:1159 arg1 assay 1172:1176 the hemagglutination inhibition assay 1140:1176 the hemagglutination inhibition assay 1140:1176 The strong binding, observed using the hemagglutination inhibition assay, was attributed to the glycocluster effect of the glycopolymer and the biantennary structure of the N-linked oligosaccharide. 35610795 0 18 theme Protecting-Group-Free 0:20 arg1 Synthesis 22:30 Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis 0:30 Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis of Glycopolymers 0:47 Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis of Glycopolymers Bearing Sialyloligosaccharide and Their High Binding with the Influenza Virus. 35610795 4 19 theme binding 797:803 arg1 behavior 805:812 their binding behavior 791:812 their binding behavior 791:812 Each of the glycopolymers were obtained and then immobilized on a gold-coated sensor of quartz crystal microbalance to analyze their binding behavior with the lectin. 35610795 0 20 theme Glycopolymers 35:47 arg1 Synthesis 22:30 Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis 0:30 Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis of Glycopolymers 0:47 Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis of Glycopolymers Bearing Sialyloligosaccharide and Their High Binding with the Influenza Virus. 35610795 7 21 theme strong 1109:1114 arg1 binding 1116:1122 The strong binding 1105:1122 The strong binding 1105:1122 The strong binding, observed using the hemagglutination inhibition assay, was attributed to the glycocluster effect of the glycopolymer and the biantennary structure of the N-linked oligosaccharide. 35610795 2 22 theme direct 367:372 arg1 azidation 374:382 the direct azidation 363:382 the direct azidation of free saccharides using 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride as a condensing agent followed by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition 363:533 The glycomonomers were synthesized by the direct azidation of free saccharides using 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride as a condensing agent followed by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. 35610795 2 23 theme -catalyzed 497:506 arg1 cycloaddition 521:533 copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition 488:533 copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition 488:533 The glycomonomers were synthesized by the direct azidation of free saccharides using 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride as a condensing agent followed by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. 35610795 2 24 theme azide-alkyne 508:519 arg1 cycloaddition 521:533 copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition 488:533 copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition 488:533 The glycomonomers were synthesized by the direct azidation of free saccharides using 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride as a condensing agent followed by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. 35610795 7 25 theme inhibition 1161:1170 arg1 assay 1172:1176 the hemagglutination inhibition assay 1140:1176 the hemagglutination inhibition assay 1140:1176 The strong binding, observed using the hemagglutination inhibition assay, was attributed to the glycocluster effect of the glycopolymer and the biantennary structure of the N-linked oligosaccharide. 35610795 3 26 theme chain 638:642 arg1 technique 653:661 a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer technique 602:661 a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer technique 602:661 The resultant glycomonomers were copolymerized with acrylamide by a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer technique. 35610795 5 27 theme aqueous 928:934 arg1 solution 936:943 aqueous solution 928:943 aqueous solution 928:943 The glycopolymers strongly bound with the corresponding lectin without nonspecific adsorption in aqueous solution. 35610795 6 28 link N-linked 1006:1013 arg1 oligosaccharide 1015:1029 a complex-type sialyl N-linked oligosaccharide 984:1029 a complex-type sialyl N-linked oligosaccharide 984:1029 In addition, the glycopolymer bearing a complex-type sialyl N-linked oligosaccharide was found to strongly bind with both human and avian influenza A viruses. 35610795 5 29 from lectin 887:892 arg1 solution 936:943 aqueous solution 928:943 aqueous solution 928:943 The glycopolymers strongly bound with the corresponding lectin without nonspecific adsorption in aqueous solution. 35610795 3 30 theme resultant 540:548 arg1 glycomonomers 550:562 The resultant glycomonomers 536:562 The resultant glycomonomers 536:562 The resultant glycomonomers were copolymerized with acrylamide by a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer technique. 35610795 1 31 from saccharides 312:322 arg1 protection 260:269 any protection 256:269 any protection of the hydroxy and carboxy groups on the saccharides 256:322 Glycopolymers having pendant triazole-linked sialyloligosaccharides were successfully synthesized from free saccharides without any protection of the hydroxy and carboxy groups on the saccharides. 35610795 1 32 theme hydroxy 278:284 arg1 groups 298:303 the hydroxy and carboxy groups 274:303 the hydroxy and carboxy groups on the saccharides 274:322 Glycopolymers having pendant triazole-linked sialyloligosaccharides were successfully synthesized from free saccharides without any protection of the hydroxy and carboxy groups on the saccharides. 35610795 1 33 from groups 298:303 arg1 saccharides 312:322 the saccharides 308:322 the saccharides 308:322 Glycopolymers having pendant triazole-linked sialyloligosaccharides were successfully synthesized from free saccharides without any protection of the hydroxy and carboxy groups on the saccharides. 35610795 5 34 theme nonspecific 902:912 arg1 adsorption 914:923 nonspecific adsorption 902:923 nonspecific adsorption 902:923 The glycopolymers strongly bound with the corresponding lectin without nonspecific adsorption in aqueous solution. 35610795 2 35 theme 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium 410:443 arg1 agent 470:474 a condensing agent 457:474 a condensing agent followed by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition 457:533 The glycomonomers were synthesized by the direct azidation of free saccharides using 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride as a condensing agent followed by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. 35610795 2 35 theme 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium 410:443 arg1 chloride 445:452 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride 410:452 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride 410:452 The glycomonomers were synthesized by the direct azidation of free saccharides using 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride as a condensing agent followed by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. 35610795 6 36 theme A 1094:1094 arg1 viruses 1096:1102 both human and avian influenza A viruses 1063:1102 both human and avian influenza A viruses 1063:1102 In addition, the glycopolymer bearing a complex-type sialyl N-linked oligosaccharide was found to strongly bind with both human and avian influenza A viruses. 35610795 7 37 theme glycocluster 1201:1212 arg1 effect 1214:1219 the glycocluster effect 1197:1219 the glycocluster effect of the glycopolymer 1197:1239 The strong binding, observed using the hemagglutination inhibition assay, was attributed to the glycocluster effect of the glycopolymer and the biantennary structure of the N-linked oligosaccharide. 35610795 6 38 theme sialyl 999:1004 arg1 oligosaccharide 1015:1029 a complex-type sialyl N-linked oligosaccharide 984:1029 a complex-type sialyl N-linked oligosaccharide 984:1029 In addition, the glycopolymer bearing a complex-type sialyl N-linked oligosaccharide was found to strongly bind with both human and avian influenza A viruses. 35610795 1 39 from protection 260:269 arg1 saccharides 312:322 the saccharides 308:322 the saccharides 308:322 Glycopolymers having pendant triazole-linked sialyloligosaccharides were successfully synthesized from free saccharides without any protection of the hydroxy and carboxy groups on the saccharides. 35610795 1 40 theme pendant 149:155 arg1 sialyloligosaccharides 173:194 pendant triazole-linked sialyloligosaccharides 149:194 pendant triazole-linked sialyloligosaccharides 149:194 Glycopolymers having pendant triazole-linked sialyloligosaccharides were successfully synthesized from free saccharides without any protection of the hydroxy and carboxy groups on the saccharides. 35610795 6 41 theme influenza 1084:1092 arg1 viruses 1096:1102 both human and avian influenza A viruses 1063:1102 both human and avian influenza A viruses 1063:1102 In addition, the glycopolymer bearing a complex-type sialyl N-linked oligosaccharide was found to strongly bind with both human and avian influenza A viruses. 35610795 7 42 link N-linked 1278:1285 arg1 oligosaccharide 1287:1301 the N-linked oligosaccharide 1274:1301 the N-linked oligosaccharide 1274:1301 The strong binding, observed using the hemagglutination inhibition assay, was attributed to the glycocluster effect of the glycopolymer and the biantennary structure of the N-linked oligosaccharide. 35610795 6 43 theme complex-type 986:997 arg1 oligosaccharide 1015:1029 a complex-type sialyl N-linked oligosaccharide 984:1029 a complex-type sialyl N-linked oligosaccharide 984:1029 In addition, the glycopolymer bearing a complex-type sialyl N-linked oligosaccharide was found to strongly bind with both human and avian influenza A viruses. 35610795 1 44 theme triazole-linked 157:171 arg1 sialyloligosaccharides 173:194 pendant triazole-linked sialyloligosaccharides 149:194 pendant triazole-linked sialyloligosaccharides 149:194 Glycopolymers having pendant triazole-linked sialyloligosaccharides were successfully synthesized from free saccharides without any protection of the hydroxy and carboxy groups on the saccharides. 35610795 4 45 theme gold-coated 730:740 arg1 sensor 742:747 a gold-coated sensor 728:747 a gold-coated sensor of quartz crystal microbalance to analyze their binding behavior with the lectin 728:828 Each of the glycopolymers were obtained and then immobilized on a gold-coated sensor of quartz crystal microbalance to analyze their binding behavior with the lectin. 35610795 2 46 theme free 387:390 arg1 saccharides 392:402 free saccharides 387:402 free saccharides using 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride as a condensing agent followed by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition 387:533 The glycomonomers were synthesized by the direct azidation of free saccharides using 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride as a condensing agent followed by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. 35610795 1 47 theme carboxy 290:296 arg1 groups 298:303 the hydroxy and carboxy groups 274:303 the hydroxy and carboxy groups on the saccharides 274:322 Glycopolymers having pendant triazole-linked sialyloligosaccharides were successfully synthesized from free saccharides without any protection of the hydroxy and carboxy groups on the saccharides. 35610795 4 48 theme microbalance 767:778 arg1 sensor 742:747 a gold-coated sensor 728:747 a gold-coated sensor of quartz crystal microbalance to analyze their binding behavior with the lectin 728:828 Each of the glycopolymers were obtained and then immobilized on a gold-coated sensor of quartz crystal microbalance to analyze their binding behavior with the lectin. 35610795 4 49 theme crystal 759:765 arg1 microbalance 767:778 quartz crystal microbalance 752:778 quartz crystal microbalance 752:778 Each of the glycopolymers were obtained and then immobilized on a gold-coated sensor of quartz crystal microbalance to analyze their binding behavior with the lectin. 35610795 2 50 theme condensing 459:468 arg1 agent 470:474 a condensing agent 457:474 a condensing agent followed by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition 457:533 The glycomonomers were synthesized by the direct azidation of free saccharides using 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride as a condensing agent followed by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. 35610795 2 50 theme condensing 459:468 arg1 chloride 445:452 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride 410:452 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride 410:452 The glycomonomers were synthesized by the direct azidation of free saccharides using 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride as a condensing agent followed by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. 35610795 1 51 theme groups 298:303 arg1 protection 260:269 any protection 256:269 any protection of the hydroxy and carboxy groups on the saccharides 256:322 Glycopolymers having pendant triazole-linked sialyloligosaccharides were successfully synthesized from free saccharides without any protection of the hydroxy and carboxy groups on the saccharides. 35610795 0 52 theme High 89:92 arg1 Binding 94:100 Their High Binding 83:100 Their High Binding with the Influenza Virus 83:125 Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis of Glycopolymers Bearing Sialyloligosaccharide and Their High Binding with the Influenza Virus. 35610795 6 53 theme avian 1078:1082 arg1 viruses 1096:1102 both human and avian influenza A viruses 1063:1102 both human and avian influenza A viruses 1063:1102 In addition, the glycopolymer bearing a complex-type sialyl N-linked oligosaccharide was found to strongly bind with both human and avian influenza A viruses. 35610795 0 54 with Sialyloligosaccharide 57:77 arg1 Virus 121:125 the Influenza Virus 107:125 the Influenza Virus 107:125 Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis of Glycopolymers Bearing Sialyloligosaccharide and Their High Binding with the Influenza Virus. 35610795 3 55 theme transfer 644:651 arg1 technique 653:661 a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer technique 602:661 a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer technique 602:661 The resultant glycomonomers were copolymerized with acrylamide by a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer technique. 29242832 6 0 theme B. infantis 576:586 arg1 EVC001 588:593 B. infantis EVC001 576:593 B. infantis EVC001 to their infants from day 7 576:621 One group of mothers fed B. infantis EVC001 to their infants from day 7 to day 28 of life (n = 34), and the second group did not administer any probiotic (n = 32). 29242832 10 1 theme EVC001-fed 1208:1217 arg1 infants 1219:1225 B. infantis EVC001-fed infants 1196:1225 B. infantis EVC001-fed infants 1196:1225 Fecal milk oligosaccharides were significantly lower in B. infantis EVC001-fed infants, demonstrating higher consumption of human milk oligosaccharides by B. infantis EVC001. 29242832 17 2 from improvements 2579:2590 arg1 biochemistry 2601:2612 fecal biochemistry 2595:2612 fecal biochemistry 2595:2612 Colonization by B. infantis EVC001 resulted in significant changes to fecal microbiome composition and was associated with improvements in fecal biochemistry. 29242832 6 3 theme mothers 564:570 arg1 group 666:670 the second group 655:670 the second group 655:670 One group of mothers fed B. infantis EVC001 to their infants from day 7 to day 28 of life (n = 34), and the second group did not administer any probiotic (n = 32). 29242832 6 3 theme mothers 564:570 arg1 mothers 564:570 mothers 564:570 mothers fed B. infantis EVC001 to their infants from day 7 to day 28 of life 564:639 One group of mothers fed B. infantis EVC001 to their infants from day 7 to day 28 of life (n = 34), and the second group did not administer any probiotic (n = 32). 29242832 6 3 theme mothers 564:570 arg1 group 555:559 One group 551:559 One group of mothers fed B. infantis EVC001 to their infants from day 7 to day 28 of life (n = 34) 551:648 One group of mothers fed B. infantis EVC001 to their infants from day 7 to day 28 of life (n = 34), and the second group did not administer any probiotic (n = 32). 29242832 6 3 theme mothers 564:570 arg1 n 642:642 n = 34 642:647 n = 34 642:647 One group of mothers fed B. infantis EVC001 to their infants from day 7 to day 28 of life (n = 34), and the second group did not administer any probiotic (n = 32). 29242832 5 4 theme lactation 532:540 arg1 support 542:548 lactation support 532:548 lactation support 532:548 Mothers intending to breastfeed were recruited and provided with lactation support. 29242832 4 5 theme organism 436:443 arg1 colonization 406:417 persistent colonization 395:417 persistent colonization of the probiotic organism in breastfed infants 395:464 infantis (B. infantis) would lead to persistent colonization of the probiotic organism in breastfed infants. 29242832 9 6 theme B. infantis-fed 916:930 arg1 infants 932:938 B. infantis-fed infants 916:938 B. infantis-fed infants 916:938 B. infantis-fed infants had significantly higher populations of fecal Bifidobacteriaceae, in particular B. infantis, while EVC001 was fed, and this difference persisted more than 30 days after EVC001 supplementation ceased. 29242832 2 7 theme probiotics 157:166 arg1 administration 139:152 administration 139:152 administration of probiotics 139:166 Attempts to alter intestinal dysbiosis via administration of probiotics have consistently shown that colonization with the administered microbes is transient. 29242832 19 8 theme improved 2803:2810 arg1 function 2816:2823 improved gut function 2803:2823 improved gut function 2803:2823 shows, for the first time, that durable changes to the human gut microbiome are possible and are associated with improved gut function. 29242832 16 9 theme subspecies 2311:2320 arg1 capacity 2294:2301 the capacity 2290:2301 the capacity of this subspecies to utilize human milk glycans as a nutrient 2290:2364 This observation is consistent with previous studies demonstrating the capacity of this subspecies to utilize human milk glycans as a nutrient and underscores the importance of pairing a probiotic organism with a specific substrate. 29242832 7 10 from days 774:777 arg1 groups 787:792 both groups 782:792 both groups 782:792 Fecal samples were collected during the first 60 postnatal days in both groups. 29242832 16 11 with consistent 2243:2252 arg1 studies 2268:2274 previous studies 2259:2274 previous studies demonstrating the capacity of this subspecies to utilize human milk glycans as a nutrient 2259:2364 This observation is consistent with previous studies demonstrating the capacity of this subspecies to utilize human milk glycans as a nutrient and underscores the importance of pairing a probiotic organism with a specific substrate. 29242832 16 12 theme probiotic 2410:2418 arg1 organism 2420:2427 a probiotic organism 2408:2427 a probiotic organism with a specific substrate 2408:2453 This observation is consistent with previous studies demonstrating the capacity of this subspecies to utilize human milk glycans as a nutrient and underscores the importance of pairing a probiotic organism with a specific substrate. 29242832 12 13 theme Bacteroidetes 1663:1675 arg1 levels 1620:1625 lower levels 1614:1625 lower levels of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes 1614:1675 Infants colonized by Bifidobacteriaceae at high levels had 4-fold-lower fecal endotoxin levels, consistent with observed lower levels of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. 29242832 11 14 theme lactate 1345:1351 arg1 Concentrations 1315:1328 Concentrations 1315:1328 Concentrations of acetate and lactate 1315:1351 Concentrations of acetate and lactate were significantly higher and fecal pH was significantly lower in infants fed EVC001, demonstrating alterations in intestinal fermentation. 29242832 14 15 theme gut 1928:1930 arg1 microbiome 1932:1941 the gut microbiome 1924:1941 the gut microbiome 1924:1941 Probiotics may contribute to improvements in health, but they have not been shown to alter the community composition of the gut microbiome. 29242832 17 16 theme fecal 2526:2530 arg1 composition 2543:2553 fecal microbiome composition 2526:2553 fecal microbiome composition 2526:2553 Colonization by B. infantis EVC001 resulted in significant changes to fecal microbiome composition and was associated with improvements in fecal biochemistry. 29242832 18 17 theme human 2634:2638 arg1 milk 2640:2643 human milk 2634:2643 human milk 2634:2643 The combination of human milk and an infant-associated Bifidobacterium sp. 29242832 9 18 theme Bifidobacteriaceae 986:1003 arg1 populations 965:975 significantly higher populations 944:975 significantly higher populations of fecal Bifidobacteriaceae 944:1003 B. infantis-fed infants had significantly higher populations of fecal Bifidobacteriaceae, in particular B. infantis, while EVC001 was fed, and this difference persisted more than 30 days after EVC001 supplementation ceased. 29242832 14 19 theme community 1899:1907 arg1 composition 1909:1919 the community composition 1895:1919 the community composition of the gut microbiome 1895:1941 Probiotics may contribute to improvements in health, but they have not been shown to alter the community composition of the gut microbiome. 29242832 12 20 theme Proteobacteria 1644:1657 arg1 levels 1620:1625 lower levels 1614:1625 lower levels of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes 1614:1675 Infants colonized by Bifidobacteriaceae at high levels had 4-fold-lower fecal endotoxin levels, consistent with observed lower levels of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. 29242832 3 21 theme course 318:323 arg1 provision 294:302 provision 294:302 provision of an initial course of Bifidobacterium longum subsp 294:355 This study sought to determine whether provision of an initial course of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 29242832 4 22 theme breastfed 448:456 arg1 infants 458:464 breastfed infants 448:464 breastfed infants 448:464 infantis (B. infantis) would lead to persistent colonization of the probiotic organism in breastfed infants. 29242832 10 23 theme higher 1242:1247 arg1 consumption 1249:1259 higher consumption 1242:1259 higher consumption of human milk oligosaccharides by B. infantis EVC001 1242:1312 Fecal milk oligosaccharides were significantly lower in B. infantis EVC001-fed infants, demonstrating higher consumption of human milk oligosaccharides by B. infantis EVC001. 29242832 10 24 dep B. 1295:1296 arg1 infantis 1298:1305 infantis 1298:1305 infantis 1298:1305 Fecal milk oligosaccharides were significantly lower in B. infantis EVC001-fed infants, demonstrating higher consumption of human milk oligosaccharides by B. infantis EVC001. 29242832 8 25 theme Fecal 795:799 arg1 samples 801:807 Fecal samples 795:807 Fecal samples 795:807 Fecal samples were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, quantitative PCR, mass spectrometry, and endotoxin measurement. 29242832 16 26 theme human 2333:2337 arg1 glycans 2344:2350 human milk glycans 2333:2350 human milk glycans 2333:2350 This observation is consistent with previous studies demonstrating the capacity of this subspecies to utilize human milk glycans as a nutrient and underscores the importance of pairing a probiotic organism with a specific substrate. 29242832 16 26 theme human 2333:2337 arg1 nutrient 2357:2364 a nutrient 2355:2364 a nutrient 2355:2364 This observation is consistent with previous studies demonstrating the capacity of this subspecies to utilize human milk glycans as a nutrient and underscores the importance of pairing a probiotic organism with a specific substrate. 29242832 12 27 theme lower 1614:1618 arg1 levels 1620:1625 lower levels 1614:1625 lower levels of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes 1614:1675 Infants colonized by Bifidobacteriaceae at high levels had 4-fold-lower fecal endotoxin levels, consistent with observed lower levels of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. 29242832 3 28 theme subsp 351:355 arg1 course 318:323 an initial course 307:323 an initial course of Bifidobacterium longum subsp 307:355 This study sought to determine whether provision of an initial course of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 29242832 10 29 theme milk 1270:1273 arg1 oligosaccharides 1275:1290 human milk oligosaccharides 1264:1290 human milk oligosaccharides 1264:1290 Fecal milk oligosaccharides were significantly lower in B. infantis EVC001-fed infants, demonstrating higher consumption of human milk oligosaccharides by B. infantis EVC001. 29242832 12 30 theme endotoxin 1571:1579 arg1 levels 1581:1586 4-fold-lower fecal endotoxin levels 1552:1586 4-fold-lower fecal endotoxin levels 1552:1586 Infants colonized by Bifidobacteriaceae at high levels had 4-fold-lower fecal endotoxin levels, consistent with observed lower levels of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. 29242832 6 31 theme life 636:639 arg1 day 626:628 day 28 626:631 day 28 of life 626:639 One group of mothers fed B. infantis EVC001 to their infants from day 7 to day 28 of life (n = 34), and the second group did not administer any probiotic (n = 32). 29242832 15 32 theme microbiome 2099:2108 arg1 composition 2110:2120 the overall microbiome composition persisting 2087:2131 the overall microbiome composition persisting more than a month later 2087:2155 Here, we found that breastfed infants could be stably colonized at high levels by provision of B. infantis EVC001, with significant changes to the overall microbiome composition persisting more than a month later, whether the infants were born vaginally or by caesarean section. 29242832 8 33 theme rRNA 830:833 arg1 sequencing 840:849 rRNA gene sequencing 830:849 rRNA gene sequencing 830:849 Fecal samples were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, quantitative PCR, mass spectrometry, and endotoxin measurement. 29242832 15 34 theme breastfed 1964:1972 arg1 infants 1974:1980 breastfed infants 1964:1980 breastfed infants 1964:1980 Here, we found that breastfed infants could be stably colonized at high levels by provision of B. infantis EVC001, with significant changes to the overall microbiome composition persisting more than a month later, whether the infants were born vaginally or by caesarean section. 29242832 19 35 theme durable 2722:2728 arg1 changes 2730:2736 durable changes 2722:2736 durable changes to the human gut microbiome 2722:2764 shows, for the first time, that durable changes to the human gut microbiome are possible and are associated with improved gut function. 29242832 11 36 theme intestinal 1468:1477 arg1 fermentation 1479:1490 intestinal fermentation 1468:1490 intestinal fermentation 1468:1490 Concentrations of acetate and lactate were significantly higher and fecal pH was significantly lower in infants fed EVC001, demonstrating alterations in intestinal fermentation. 29242832 13 37 theme long-term 1750:1758 arg1 health 1760:1765 long-term health 1750:1765 long-term health 1750:1765 IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome in early life plays an important role for long-term health and is shaped in large part by diet. 29242832 8 38 theme quantitative 852:863 arg1 PCR 865:867 quantitative PCR 852:867 quantitative PCR 852:867 Fecal samples were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, quantitative PCR, mass spectrometry, and endotoxin measurement. 29242832 15 39 theme B. infantis 2039:2049 arg1 provision 2026:2034 provision 2026:2034 provision of B. infantis EVC001 2026:2056 Here, we found that breastfed infants could be stably colonized at high levels by provision of B. infantis EVC001, with significant changes to the overall microbiome composition persisting more than a month later, whether the infants were born vaginally or by caesarean section. 29242832 19 40 theme human 2745:2749 arg1 microbiome 2755:2764 the human gut microbiome 2741:2764 the human gut microbiome 2741:2764 shows, for the first time, that durable changes to the human gut microbiome are possible and are associated with improved gut function. 29242832 7 41 theme first 755:759 arg1 days 774:777 the first 60 postnatal days 751:777 the first 60 postnatal days in both groups 751:792 Fecal samples were collected during the first 60 postnatal days in both groups. 29242832 6 42 theme = 644:644 arg1 n 642:642 n = 34 642:647 n = 34 642:647 One group of mothers fed B. infantis EVC001 to their infants from day 7 to day 28 of life (n = 34), and the second group did not administer any probiotic (n = 32). 29242832 6 42 theme = 644:644 arg1 mothers 564:570 mothers 564:570 mothers fed B. infantis EVC001 to their infants from day 7 to day 28 of life 564:639 One group of mothers fed B. infantis EVC001 to their infants from day 7 to day 28 of life (n = 34), and the second group did not administer any probiotic (n = 32). 29242832 6 42 theme = 644:644 arg1 group 555:559 One group 551:559 One group of mothers fed B. infantis EVC001 to their infants from day 7 to day 28 of life (n = 34) 551:648 One group of mothers fed B. infantis EVC001 to their infants from day 7 to day 28 of life (n = 34), and the second group did not administer any probiotic (n = 32). 29242832 0 43 theme longum 44:49 arg1 Persistence 0:10 Persistence 0:10 Persistence of Supplemented Bifidobacterium longum 0:49 Persistence of Supplemented Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 29242832 10 44 theme milk 1146:1149 arg1 oligosaccharides 1151:1166 Fecal milk oligosaccharides 1140:1166 Fecal milk oligosaccharides 1140:1166 Fecal milk oligosaccharides were significantly lower in B. infantis EVC001-fed infants, demonstrating higher consumption of human milk oligosaccharides by B. infantis EVC001. 29242832 12 45 theme fecal 1565:1569 arg1 levels 1581:1586 4-fold-lower fecal endotoxin levels 1552:1586 4-fold-lower fecal endotoxin levels 1552:1586 Infants colonized by Bifidobacteriaceae at high levels had 4-fold-lower fecal endotoxin levels, consistent with observed lower levels of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. 29242832 19 46 theme gut 2751:2753 arg1 microbiome 2755:2764 the human gut microbiome 2741:2764 the human gut microbiome 2741:2764 shows, for the first time, that durable changes to the human gut microbiome are possible and are associated with improved gut function. 29242832 11 47 theme fecal 1383:1387 arg1 pH 1389:1390 fecal pH 1383:1390 fecal pH 1383:1390 Concentrations of acetate and lactate were significantly higher and fecal pH was significantly lower in infants fed EVC001, demonstrating alterations in intestinal fermentation. 29242832 13 48 theme gut 1693:1695 arg1 microbiome 1697:1706 The gut microbiome 1689:1706 IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome in early life 1678:1720 IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome in early life plays an important role for long-term health and is shaped in large part by diet. 29242832 17 49 theme microbiome 2532:2541 arg1 composition 2543:2553 fecal microbiome composition 2526:2553 fecal microbiome composition 2526:2553 Colonization by B. infantis EVC001 resulted in significant changes to fecal microbiome composition and was associated with improvements in fecal biochemistry. 29242832 16 50 with organism 2420:2427 arg1 substrate 2445:2453 a specific substrate 2434:2453 a specific substrate 2434:2453 This observation is consistent with previous studies demonstrating the capacity of this subspecies to utilize human milk glycans as a nutrient and underscores the importance of pairing a probiotic organism with a specific substrate. 29242832 7 51 theme Fecal 715:719 arg1 samples 721:727 Fecal samples 715:727 Fecal samples 715:727 Fecal samples were collected during the first 60 postnatal days in both groups. 29242832 12 52 theme high 1536:1539 arg1 levels 1541:1546 high levels 1536:1546 high levels 1536:1546 Infants colonized by Bifidobacteriaceae at high levels had 4-fold-lower fecal endotoxin levels, consistent with observed lower levels of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. 29242832 11 53 from alterations 1453:1463 arg1 fermentation 1479:1490 intestinal fermentation 1468:1490 intestinal fermentation 1468:1490 Concentrations of acetate and lactate were significantly higher and fecal pH was significantly lower in infants fed EVC001, demonstrating alterations in intestinal fermentation. 29242832 2 54 with colonization 197:208 arg1 microbes 232:239 the administered microbes 215:239 the administered microbes 215:239 Attempts to alter intestinal dysbiosis via administration of probiotics have consistently shown that colonization with the administered microbes is transient. 29242832 18 55 theme Bifidobacterium 2670:2684 arg1 sp 2686:2687 an infant-associated Bifidobacterium sp 2649:2687 an infant-associated Bifidobacterium sp 2649:2687 The combination of human milk and an infant-associated Bifidobacterium sp. 29242832 6 56 theme = 708:708 arg1 n 706:706 n = 32 706:711 n = 32 706:711 One group of mothers fed B. infantis EVC001 to their infants from day 7 to day 28 of life (n = 34), and the second group did not administer any probiotic (n = 32). 29242832 6 56 theme = 708:708 arg1 probiotic 695:703 probiotic 695:703 probiotic 695:703 One group of mothers fed B. infantis EVC001 to their infants from day 7 to day 28 of life (n = 34), and the second group did not administer any probiotic (n = 32). 29242832 15 57 theme persisting 2122:2131 arg1 composition 2110:2120 the overall microbiome composition persisting 2087:2131 the overall microbiome composition persisting more than a month later 2087:2155 Here, we found that breastfed infants could be stably colonized at high levels by provision of B. infantis EVC001, with significant changes to the overall microbiome composition persisting more than a month later, whether the infants were born vaginally or by caesarean section. 29242832 13 58 from IMPORTANCE 1678:1687 arg1 life 1717:1720 early life 1711:1720 early life 1711:1720 IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome in early life plays an important role for long-term health and is shaped in large part by diet. 29242832 4 59 theme probiotic 426:434 arg1 organism 436:443 the probiotic organism 422:443 the probiotic organism 422:443 infantis (B. infantis) would lead to persistent colonization of the probiotic organism in breastfed infants. 29242832 2 60 theme intestinal 114:123 arg1 dysbiosis 125:133 intestinal dysbiosis 114:133 intestinal dysbiosis 114:133 Attempts to alter intestinal dysbiosis via administration of probiotics have consistently shown that colonization with the administered microbes is transient. 29242832 10 61 theme B. infantis 1196:1206 arg1 infants 1219:1225 B. infantis EVC001-fed infants 1196:1225 B. infantis EVC001-fed infants 1196:1225 Fecal milk oligosaccharides were significantly lower in B. infantis EVC001-fed infants, demonstrating higher consumption of human milk oligosaccharides by B. infantis EVC001. 29242832 16 62 theme specific 2436:2443 arg1 substrate 2445:2453 a specific substrate 2434:2453 a specific substrate 2434:2453 This observation is consistent with previous studies demonstrating the capacity of this subspecies to utilize human milk glycans as a nutrient and underscores the importance of pairing a probiotic organism with a specific substrate. 29242832 4 63 theme persistent 395:404 arg1 colonization 406:417 persistent colonization 395:417 persistent colonization of the probiotic organism in breastfed infants 395:464 infantis (B. infantis) would lead to persistent colonization of the probiotic organism in breastfed infants. 29242832 18 64 theme milk 2640:2643 arg1 sp 2686:2687 an infant-associated Bifidobacterium sp 2649:2687 an infant-associated Bifidobacterium sp 2649:2687 The combination of human milk and an infant-associated Bifidobacterium sp. 29242832 18 64 theme milk 2640:2643 arg1 combination 2619:2629 The combination 2615:2629 The combination of human milk 2615:2643 The combination of human milk and an infant-associated Bifidobacterium sp. 29242832 4 65 from colonization 406:417 arg1 infants 458:464 breastfed infants 448:464 breastfed infants 448:464 infantis (B. infantis) would lead to persistent colonization of the probiotic organism in breastfed infants. 29242832 17 66 theme significant 2503:2513 arg1 changes 2515:2521 significant changes 2503:2521 significant changes to fecal microbiome composition 2503:2553 Colonization by B. infantis EVC001 resulted in significant changes to fecal microbiome composition and was associated with improvements in fecal biochemistry. 29242832 14 67 theme microbiome 1932:1941 arg1 composition 1909:1919 the community composition 1895:1919 the community composition of the gut microbiome 1895:1941 Probiotics may contribute to improvements in health, but they have not been shown to alter the community composition of the gut microbiome. 29242832 12 68 from levels 1541:1546 arg1 Bifidobacteriaceae 1514:1531 Bifidobacteriaceae 1514:1531 Bifidobacteriaceae at high levels 1514:1546 Infants colonized by Bifidobacteriaceae at high levels had 4-fold-lower fecal endotoxin levels, consistent with observed lower levels of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. 29242832 3 69 theme initial 310:316 arg1 course 318:323 an initial course 307:323 an initial course of Bifidobacterium longum subsp 307:355 This study sought to determine whether provision of an initial course of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 29242832 13 70 theme large 1784:1788 arg1 part 1790:1793 large part 1784:1793 large part 1784:1793 IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome in early life plays an important role for long-term health and is shaped in large part by diet. 29242832 19 71 theme gut 2812:2814 arg1 function 2816:2823 improved gut function 2803:2823 improved gut function 2803:2823 shows, for the first time, that durable changes to the human gut microbiome are possible and are associated with improved gut function. 29242832 12 72 theme Gram-negative 1630:1642 arg1 Proteobacteria 1644:1657 Gram-negative Proteobacteria 1630:1657 Gram-negative Proteobacteria 1630:1657 Infants colonized by Bifidobacteriaceae at high levels had 4-fold-lower fecal endotoxin levels, consistent with observed lower levels of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. 29242832 9 73 theme fecal 980:984 arg1 Bifidobacteriaceae 986:1003 fecal Bifidobacteriaceae 980:1003 fecal Bifidobacteriaceae 980:1003 B. infantis-fed infants had significantly higher populations of fecal Bifidobacteriaceae, in particular B. infantis, while EVC001 was fed, and this difference persisted more than 30 days after EVC001 supplementation ceased. 29242832 3 74 theme longum 344:349 arg1 subsp 351:355 Bifidobacterium longum subsp 328:355 Bifidobacterium longum subsp 328:355 This study sought to determine whether provision of an initial course of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 29242832 19 75 theme first 2705:2709 arg1 time 2711:2714 the first time 2701:2714 the first time 2701:2714 shows, for the first time, that durable changes to the human gut microbiome are possible and are associated with improved gut function. 29242832 9 76 theme particular 1009:1018 arg1 B. infantis 1020:1030 particular B. infantis 1009:1030 particular B. infantis 1009:1030 B. infantis-fed infants had significantly higher populations of fecal Bifidobacteriaceae, in particular B. infantis, while EVC001 was fed, and this difference persisted more than 30 days after EVC001 supplementation ceased. 29242832 16 77 theme milk 2339:2342 arg1 glycans 2344:2350 human milk glycans 2333:2350 human milk glycans 2333:2350 This observation is consistent with previous studies demonstrating the capacity of this subspecies to utilize human milk glycans as a nutrient and underscores the importance of pairing a probiotic organism with a specific substrate. 29242832 16 77 theme milk 2339:2342 arg1 nutrient 2357:2364 a nutrient 2355:2364 a nutrient 2355:2364 This observation is consistent with previous studies demonstrating the capacity of this subspecies to utilize human milk glycans as a nutrient and underscores the importance of pairing a probiotic organism with a specific substrate. 29242832 12 78 contain had 1548:1550 arg1 Infants 1493:1499 Infants 1493:1499 Infants colonized by Bifidobacteriaceae at high levels 1493:1546 Infants colonized by Bifidobacteriaceae at high levels had 4-fold-lower fecal endotoxin levels, consistent with observed lower levels of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. 29242832 12 78 contain had 1548:1550 arg2 levels 1581:1586 4-fold-lower fecal endotoxin levels 1552:1586 4-fold-lower fecal endotoxin levels 1552:1586 Infants colonized by Bifidobacteriaceae at high levels had 4-fold-lower fecal endotoxin levels, consistent with observed lower levels of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. 29242832 2 79 dep Attempts 96:103 arg1 shown 186:190 shown 186:190 have consistently shown that colonization with the administered microbes is transient 168:252 Attempts to alter intestinal dysbiosis via administration of probiotics have consistently shown that colonization with the administered microbes is transient. 29242832 9 80 theme higher 958:963 arg1 populations 965:975 significantly higher populations 944:975 significantly higher populations of fecal Bifidobacteriaceae 944:1003 B. infantis-fed infants had significantly higher populations of fecal Bifidobacteriaceae, in particular B. infantis, while EVC001 was fed, and this difference persisted more than 30 days after EVC001 supplementation ceased. 29242832 10 81 theme oligosaccharides 1275:1290 arg1 consumption 1249:1259 higher consumption 1242:1259 higher consumption of human milk oligosaccharides by B. infantis EVC001 1242:1312 Fecal milk oligosaccharides were significantly lower in B. infantis EVC001-fed infants, demonstrating higher consumption of human milk oligosaccharides by B. infantis EVC001. 29242832 13 82 theme early 1711:1715 arg1 life 1717:1720 early life 1711:1720 early life 1711:1720 IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome in early life plays an important role for long-term health and is shaped in large part by diet. 29242832 15 83 theme caesarean 2204:2212 arg1 section 2214:2220 caesarean section 2204:2220 caesarean section 2204:2220 Here, we found that breastfed infants could be stably colonized at high levels by provision of B. infantis EVC001, with significant changes to the overall microbiome composition persisting more than a month later, whether the infants were born vaginally or by caesarean section. 29242832 17 84 theme fecal 2595:2599 arg1 biochemistry 2601:2612 fecal biochemistry 2595:2612 fecal biochemistry 2595:2612 Colonization by B. infantis EVC001 resulted in significant changes to fecal microbiome composition and was associated with improvements in fecal biochemistry. 29242832 10 85 theme human 1264:1268 arg1 oligosaccharides 1275:1290 human milk oligosaccharides 1264:1290 human milk oligosaccharides 1264:1290 Fecal milk oligosaccharides were significantly lower in B. infantis EVC001-fed infants, demonstrating higher consumption of human milk oligosaccharides by B. infantis EVC001. 29242832 15 86 theme overall 2091:2097 arg1 composition 2110:2120 the overall microbiome composition persisting 2087:2131 the overall microbiome composition persisting more than a month later 2087:2155 Here, we found that breastfed infants could be stably colonized at high levels by provision of B. infantis EVC001, with significant changes to the overall microbiome composition persisting more than a month later, whether the infants were born vaginally or by caesarean section. 29242832 1 87 theme Breastfed 77:85 arg1 Infants 87:93 Breastfed Infants 77:93 Breastfed Infants 77:93 infantis EVC001 in Breastfed Infants. 29242832 11 88 theme acetate 1333:1339 arg1 Concentrations 1315:1328 Concentrations 1315:1328 Concentrations of acetate and lactate 1315:1351 Concentrations of acetate and lactate were significantly higher and fecal pH was significantly lower in infants fed EVC001, demonstrating alterations in intestinal fermentation. 29242832 10 89 theme B. 1295:1296 arg1 EVC001 1307:1312 B. infantis EVC001 1295:1312 B. infantis EVC001 1295:1312 Fecal milk oligosaccharides were significantly lower in B. infantis EVC001-fed infants, demonstrating higher consumption of human milk oligosaccharides by B. infantis EVC001. 29242832 16 90 theme previous 2259:2266 arg1 studies 2268:2274 previous studies 2259:2274 previous studies demonstrating the capacity of this subspecies to utilize human milk glycans as a nutrient 2259:2364 This observation is consistent with previous studies demonstrating the capacity of this subspecies to utilize human milk glycans as a nutrient and underscores the importance of pairing a probiotic organism with a specific substrate. 29242832 15 91 theme significant 2064:2074 arg1 changes 2076:2082 significant changes 2064:2082 significant changes to the overall microbiome composition persisting more than a month later 2064:2155 Here, we found that breastfed infants could be stably colonized at high levels by provision of B. infantis EVC001, with significant changes to the overall microbiome composition persisting more than a month later, whether the infants were born vaginally or by caesarean section. 29242832 8 92 theme gene 835:838 arg1 sequencing 840:849 rRNA gene sequencing 830:849 rRNA gene sequencing 830:849 Fecal samples were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, quantitative PCR, mass spectrometry, and endotoxin measurement. 29242832 6 93 theme second 659:664 arg1 group 666:670 the second group 655:670 the second group 655:670 One group of mothers fed B. infantis EVC001 to their infants from day 7 to day 28 of life (n = 34), and the second group did not administer any probiotic (n = 32). 29242832 6 93 theme second 659:664 arg1 mothers 564:570 mothers 564:570 mothers fed B. infantis EVC001 to their infants from day 7 to day 28 of life 564:639 One group of mothers fed B. infantis EVC001 to their infants from day 7 to day 28 of life (n = 34), and the second group did not administer any probiotic (n = 32). 29242832 14 94 from improvements 1833:1844 arg1 health 1849:1854 health 1849:1854 health 1849:1854 Probiotics may contribute to improvements in health, but they have not been shown to alter the community composition of the gut microbiome. 29242832 7 95 theme 60 postnatal 761:772 arg1 days 774:777 the first 60 postnatal days 751:777 the first 60 postnatal days in both groups 751:792 Fecal samples were collected during the first 60 postnatal days in both groups. 29242832 15 96 theme later 2151:2155 arg1 composition 2110:2120 the overall microbiome composition persisting 2087:2131 the overall microbiome composition persisting more than a month later 2087:2155 Here, we found that breastfed infants could be stably colonized at high levels by provision of B. infantis EVC001, with significant changes to the overall microbiome composition persisting more than a month later, whether the infants were born vaginally or by caesarean section. 29242832 13 97 theme important 1731:1739 arg1 role 1741:1744 an important role 1728:1744 an important role 1728:1744 IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome in early life plays an important role for long-term health and is shaped in large part by diet. 29242832 10 98 theme Fecal 1140:1144 arg1 oligosaccharides 1151:1166 Fecal milk oligosaccharides 1140:1166 Fecal milk oligosaccharides 1140:1166 Fecal milk oligosaccharides were significantly lower in B. infantis EVC001-fed infants, demonstrating higher consumption of human milk oligosaccharides by B. infantis EVC001. 29242832 12 99 theme 4-fold-lower 1552:1563 arg1 levels 1581:1586 4-fold-lower fecal endotoxin levels 1552:1586 4-fold-lower fecal endotoxin levels 1552:1586 Infants colonized by Bifidobacteriaceae at high levels had 4-fold-lower fecal endotoxin levels, consistent with observed lower levels of Gram-negative Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. 29242832 9 100 contain had 940:942 arg1 infants 932:938 B. infantis-fed infants 916:938 B. infantis-fed infants 916:938 B. infantis-fed infants had significantly higher populations of fecal Bifidobacteriaceae, in particular B. infantis, while EVC001 was fed, and this difference persisted more than 30 days after EVC001 supplementation ceased. 29242832 9 100 contain had 940:942 arg2 populations 965:975 significantly higher populations 944:975 significantly higher populations of fecal Bifidobacteriaceae 944:1003 B. infantis-fed infants had significantly higher populations of fecal Bifidobacteriaceae, in particular B. infantis, while EVC001 was fed, and this difference persisted more than 30 days after EVC001 supplementation ceased. 29242832 8 101 theme mass 870:873 arg1 spectrometry 875:886 mass spectrometry 870:886 mass spectrometry 870:886 Fecal samples were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, quantitative PCR, mass spectrometry, and endotoxin measurement. 29242832 13 102 dep IMPORTANCE 1678:1687 arg1 microbiome 1697:1706 The gut microbiome 1689:1706 IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome in early life 1678:1720 IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome in early life plays an important role for long-term health and is shaped in large part by diet. 29242832 9 103 theme EVC001 1109:1114 arg1 supplementation 1116:1130 EVC001 supplementation 1109:1130 EVC001 supplementation 1109:1130 B. infantis-fed infants had significantly higher populations of fecal Bifidobacteriaceae, in particular B. infantis, while EVC001 was fed, and this difference persisted more than 30 days after EVC001 supplementation ceased. 29242832 15 104 theme high 2011:2014 arg1 levels 2016:2021 high levels 2011:2021 high levels 2011:2021 Here, we found that breastfed infants could be stably colonized at high levels by provision of B. infantis EVC001, with significant changes to the overall microbiome composition persisting more than a month later, whether the infants were born vaginally or by caesarean section. 29242832 2 105 theme administered 219:230 arg1 microbes 232:239 the administered microbes 215:239 the administered microbes 215:239 Attempts to alter intestinal dysbiosis via administration of probiotics have consistently shown that colonization with the administered microbes is transient. 29242832 6 106 from day 617:619 arg1 EVC001 588:593 B. infantis EVC001 576:593 B. infantis EVC001 to their infants from day 7 576:621 One group of mothers fed B. infantis EVC001 to their infants from day 7 to day 28 of life (n = 34), and the second group did not administer any probiotic (n = 32). 29242832 8 107 theme endotoxin 893:901 arg1 measurement 903:913 endotoxin measurement 893:913 endotoxin measurement 893:913 Fecal samples were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, quantitative PCR, mass spectrometry, and endotoxin measurement. 29242832 18 108 theme infant-associated 2652:2668 arg1 sp 2686:2687 an infant-associated Bifidobacterium sp 2649:2687 an infant-associated Bifidobacterium sp 2649:2687 The combination of human milk and an infant-associated Bifidobacterium sp. 26041297 12 0 theme simplex 1993:1999 arg1 HSV 2008:2010 HSV 2008:2010 HSV 2008:2010 Some of the known OGT targets are cellular proteins that are critical for the expression of herpes simplex virus (HSV) genes, suggesting a role for OGT in the replication cycle of HSV. 26041297 12 0 theme simplex 1993:1999 arg1 virus 2001:2005 herpes simplex virus 1986:2005 herpes simplex virus (HSV) genes 1986:2017 Some of the known OGT targets are cellular proteins that are critical for the expression of herpes simplex virus (HSV) genes, suggesting a role for OGT in the replication cycle of HSV. 26041297 4 1 theme expression 842:851 arg1 initiation 803:812 initiation 803:812 initiation of HSV immediate-early gene expression and viral replication 803:873 In this study, we tested whether inhibition of the enzymatic activity of OGT with a small molecule inhibitor, OSMI-1, affects initiation of HSV immediate-early gene expression and viral replication. 26041297 1 2 link O-linked 298:305 arg1 addition 307:314 O-linked addition 298:314 O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety 298:362 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. 26041297 4 3 theme viral 857:861 arg1 replication 863:873 viral replication 857:873 viral replication 857:873 In this study, we tested whether inhibition of the enzymatic activity of OGT with a small molecule inhibitor, OSMI-1, affects initiation of HSV immediate-early gene expression and viral replication. 26041297 12 4 theme replication 2053:2063 arg1 cycle 2065:2069 the replication cycle 2049:2069 the replication cycle of HSV 2049:2076 Some of the known OGT targets are cellular proteins that are critical for the expression of herpes simplex virus (HSV) genes, suggesting a role for OGT in the replication cycle of HSV. 26041297 12 5 theme cellular 1928:1935 arg1 Some 1894:1897 Some 1894:1897 Some 1894:1897 Some of the known OGT targets are cellular proteins that are critical for the expression of herpes simplex virus (HSV) genes, suggesting a role for OGT in the replication cycle of HSV. 26041297 12 5 theme cellular 1928:1935 arg1 targets 1916:1922 the known OGT targets 1902:1922 the known OGT targets 1902:1922 Some of the known OGT targets are cellular proteins that are critical for the expression of herpes simplex virus (HSV) genes, suggesting a role for OGT in the replication cycle of HSV. 26041297 12 5 theme cellular 1928:1935 arg1 proteins 1937:1944 cellular proteins 1928:1944 cellular proteins that are critical for the expression of herpes simplex virus (HSV) genes 1928:2017 Some of the known OGT targets are cellular proteins that are critical for the expression of herpes simplex virus (HSV) genes, suggesting a role for OGT in the replication cycle of HSV. 26041297 4 6 theme immediate-early 821:835 arg1 expression 842:851 HSV immediate-early gene expression 817:851 HSV immediate-early gene expression 817:851 In this study, we tested whether inhibition of the enzymatic activity of OGT with a small molecule inhibitor, OSMI-1, affects initiation of HSV immediate-early gene expression and viral replication. 26041297 11 7 theme GlcNAc 1762:1767 arg1 residues 1775:1782 GlcNAc sugar residues 1762:1782 GlcNAc sugar residues 1762:1782 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an important cellular enzyme that catalyzes the posttranslational addition of GlcNAc sugar residues to hundreds of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, and this modification regulates their activity and function. 26041297 14 8 theme host 2230:2233 arg1 factor 2235:2240 a novel host factor 2222:2240 a novel host factor involved in the replication of HSV and a potential target for antiviral therapy 2222:2320 Thus, we identify OGT as a novel host factor involved in the replication of HSV and a potential target for antiviral therapy. 26041297 14 8 theme host 2230:2233 arg1 OGT 2215:2217 OGT 2215:2217 OGT 2215:2217 Thus, we identify OGT as a novel host factor involved in the replication of HSV and a potential target for antiviral therapy. 26041297 1 9 theme essential 201:209 arg1 enzyme 220:225 an essential cellular enzyme 198:225 an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety 198:362 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. 26041297 1 9 theme essential 201:209 arg1 transferase 177:187 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase 126:187 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) 126:193 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. 26041297 12 10 theme known 1906:1910 arg1 targets 1916:1922 the known OGT targets 1902:1922 the known OGT targets 1902:1922 Some of the known OGT targets are cellular proteins that are critical for the expression of herpes simplex virus (HSV) genes, suggesting a role for OGT in the replication cycle of HSV. 26041297 2 11 theme host 398:401 arg1 factor 408:413 host cell factor 1 398:415 host cell factor 1 (HCF-1) 398:423 Among the many targets of OGT is host cell factor 1 (HCF-1), a transcriptional regulator that is required for transactivation of the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV). 26041297 2 11 theme host 398:401 arg1 regulator 444:452 a transcriptional regulator 426:452 a transcriptional regulator that is required for transactivation of the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV) 426:548 Among the many targets of OGT is host cell factor 1 (HCF-1), a transcriptional regulator that is required for transactivation of the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV). 26041297 2 11 theme host 398:401 arg1 HCF-1 418:422 HCF-1 418:422 HCF-1 418:422 Among the many targets of OGT is host cell factor 1 (HCF-1), a transcriptional regulator that is required for transactivation of the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV). 26041297 9 12 theme siRNA 1426:1430 arg1 depletion 1432:1440 siRNA depletion 1426:1440 siRNA depletion 1426:1440 Our results obtained using a small molecule inhibitor and siRNA depletion suggest that OGT's glycosylation and scaffolding functions play distinct roles in the replication cycle of HSV. 26041297 10 13 theme Antiviral 1565:1573 arg1 agents 1575:1580 IMPORTANCE Antiviral agents 1554:1580 IMPORTANCE Antiviral agents 1554:1580 IMPORTANCE Antiviral agents can target viral or host gene products essential for viral replication. 26041297 11 14 theme residues 1775:1782 arg1 addition 1750:1757 the posttranslational addition 1728:1757 the posttranslational addition of GlcNAc sugar residues to hundreds of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 1728:1830 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an important cellular enzyme that catalyzes the posttranslational addition of GlcNAc sugar residues to hundreds of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, and this modification regulates their activity and function. 26041297 3 15 theme large 577:581 arg1 precursor 583:591 a large precursor 575:591 a large precursor that is proteolytically cleaved by OGT, which may regulate its biological function 575:674 HCF-1 is synthesized as a large precursor that is proteolytically cleaved by OGT, which may regulate its biological function. 26041297 3 15 theme large 577:581 arg1 HCF-1 551:555 HCF-1 551:555 HCF-1 551:555 HCF-1 is synthesized as a large precursor that is proteolytically cleaved by OGT, which may regulate its biological function. 26041297 1 16 theme N-acetylglucosamine 146:164 arg1 enzyme 220:225 an essential cellular enzyme 198:225 an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety 198:362 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. 26041297 1 16 theme N-acetylglucosamine 146:164 arg1 transferase 177:187 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase 126:187 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) 126:193 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. 26041297 1 16 theme N-acetylglucosamine 146:164 arg1 OGT 190:192 OGT 190:192 OGT 190:192 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. 26041297 8 17 theme cellular 1323:1330 arg1 factor 1332:1337 a novel cellular factor 1315:1337 a novel cellular factor involved in HSV replication 1315:1365 In this study, we identified OGT as a novel cellular factor involved in HSV replication. 26041297 8 17 theme cellular 1323:1330 arg1 OGT 1308:1310 OGT 1308:1310 OGT 1308:1310 In this study, we identified OGT as a novel cellular factor involved in HSV replication. 26041297 11 18 theme cellular 1697:1704 arg1 enzyme 1706:1711 an important cellular enzyme 1684:1711 an important cellular enzyme that catalyzes the posttranslational addition of GlcNAc sugar residues to hundreds of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 1684:1830 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an important cellular enzyme that catalyzes the posttranslational addition of GlcNAc sugar residues to hundreds of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, and this modification regulates their activity and function. 26041297 11 18 theme cellular 1697:1704 arg1 transferase 1663:1673 O-GlcNAc transferase 1654:1673 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) 1654:1679 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an important cellular enzyme that catalyzes the posttranslational addition of GlcNAc sugar residues to hundreds of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, and this modification regulates their activity and function. 26041297 13 19 theme virions 2188:2194 arg1 assembly 2172:2179 assembly 2172:2179 assembly of new virions 2172:2194 In this study, we found that OGT is required for efficient expression of viral genes and for assembly of new virions. 26041297 2 20 theme genes 514:518 arg1 transactivation 475:489 transactivation 475:489 transactivation of the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV) 475:548 Among the many targets of OGT is host cell factor 1 (HCF-1), a transcriptional regulator that is required for transactivation of the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV). 26041297 0 21 theme Herpes 78:83 arg1 Virus 93:97 Herpes Simplex Virus 78:97 Herpes Simplex Virus 78:97 Inhibition of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Reduces Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus and Human Cytomegalovirus. 26041297 0 22 theme O-Linked 14:21 arg1 Transferase 43:53 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase 14:53 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase 14:53 Inhibition of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Reduces Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus and Human Cytomegalovirus. 26041297 13 23 theme genes 2158:2162 arg1 expression 2138:2147 efficient expression 2128:2147 efficient expression of viral genes 2128:2162 In this study, we found that OGT is required for efficient expression of viral genes and for assembly of new virions. 26041297 6 24 theme inhibitor 991:999 arg1 effect 977:982 The major effect 967:982 The major effect of the inhibitor 967:999 The major effect of the inhibitor occurred late in the viral replication cycle, when it reduced the levels of late proteins and inhibited capsid formation. 26041297 0 25 theme Virus 93:97 arg1 Replication 63:73 Replication 63:73 Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus and Human Cytomegalovirus 63:123 Inhibition of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Reduces Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus and Human Cytomegalovirus. 26041297 9 26 theme scaffolding 1479:1489 arg1 functions 1491:1499 scaffolding functions 1479:1499 scaffolding functions 1479:1499 Our results obtained using a small molecule inhibitor and siRNA depletion suggest that OGT's glycosylation and scaffolding functions play distinct roles in the replication cycle of HSV. 26041297 2 27 theme virus 538:542 arg1 genes 514:518 the immediate-early genes 494:518 the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV) 494:548 Among the many targets of OGT is host cell factor 1 (HCF-1), a transcriptional regulator that is required for transactivation of the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV). 26041297 0 28 theme Human 103:107 arg1 Cytomegalovirus 109:123 Human Cytomegalovirus 103:123 Human Cytomegalovirus 103:123 Inhibition of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Reduces Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus and Human Cytomegalovirus. 26041297 6 29 theme major 971:975 arg1 effect 977:982 The major effect 967:982 The major effect of the inhibitor 967:999 The major effect of the inhibitor occurred late in the viral replication cycle, when it reduced the levels of late proteins and inhibited capsid formation. 26041297 2 30 theme herpes 523:528 arg1 HSV 545:547 HSV 545:547 HSV 545:547 Among the many targets of OGT is host cell factor 1 (HCF-1), a transcriptional regulator that is required for transactivation of the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV). 26041297 2 30 theme herpes 523:528 arg1 virus 538:542 herpes simplex virus 523:542 herpes simplex virus (HSV) 523:548 Among the many targets of OGT is host cell factor 1 (HCF-1), a transcriptional regulator that is required for transactivation of the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV). 26041297 10 31 theme gene 1607:1610 arg1 products 1612:1619 viral or host gene products 1593:1619 products 1612:1619 IMPORTANCE Antiviral agents can target viral or host gene products essential for viral replication. 26041297 7 32 theme interfering 1164:1174 arg1 RNA 1176:1178 small interfering RNA 1158:1178 small interfering RNA (siRNA) 1158:1186 However, depleting OGT levels with small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the expression of HSV immediate-early genes, in addition to reducing viral yields. 26041297 7 32 theme interfering 1164:1174 arg1 siRNA 1181:1185 siRNA 1181:1185 siRNA 1181:1185 However, depleting OGT levels with small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the expression of HSV immediate-early genes, in addition to reducing viral yields. 26041297 2 33 theme cell 403:406 arg1 factor 408:413 host cell factor 1 398:415 host cell factor 1 (HCF-1) 398:423 Among the many targets of OGT is host cell factor 1 (HCF-1), a transcriptional regulator that is required for transactivation of the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV). 26041297 2 33 theme cell 403:406 arg1 regulator 444:452 a transcriptional regulator 426:452 a transcriptional regulator that is required for transactivation of the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV) 426:548 Among the many targets of OGT is host cell factor 1 (HCF-1), a transcriptional regulator that is required for transactivation of the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV). 26041297 2 33 theme cell 403:406 arg1 HCF-1 418:422 HCF-1 418:422 HCF-1 418:422 Among the many targets of OGT is host cell factor 1 (HCF-1), a transcriptional regulator that is required for transactivation of the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV). 26041297 2 34 theme transcriptional 428:442 arg1 regulator 444:452 a transcriptional regulator 426:452 a transcriptional regulator that is required for transactivation of the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV) 426:548 Among the many targets of OGT is host cell factor 1 (HCF-1), a transcriptional regulator that is required for transactivation of the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV). 26041297 2 34 theme transcriptional 428:442 arg1 factor 408:413 host cell factor 1 398:415 host cell factor 1 (HCF-1) 398:423 Among the many targets of OGT is host cell factor 1 (HCF-1), a transcriptional regulator that is required for transactivation of the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV). 26041297 4 35 theme enzymatic 728:736 arg1 activity 738:745 the enzymatic activity 724:745 the enzymatic activity of OGT 724:752 In this study, we tested whether inhibition of the enzymatic activity of OGT with a small molecule inhibitor, OSMI-1, affects initiation of HSV immediate-early gene expression and viral replication. 26041297 10 36 theme viral 1635:1639 arg1 replication 1641:1651 viral replication 1635:1651 viral replication 1635:1651 IMPORTANCE Antiviral agents can target viral or host gene products essential for viral replication. 26041297 7 37 theme OGT 1142:1144 arg1 levels 1146:1151 OGT levels 1142:1151 OGT levels 1142:1151 However, depleting OGT levels with small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the expression of HSV immediate-early genes, in addition to reducing viral yields. 26041297 1 38 theme single 321:326 arg1 moiety 357:362 a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety 319:362 a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety 319:362 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. 26041297 1 39 theme UNLABELLED 126:135 arg1 enzyme 220:225 an essential cellular enzyme 198:225 an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety 198:362 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. 26041297 1 39 theme UNLABELLED 126:135 arg1 transferase 177:187 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase 126:187 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) 126:193 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. 26041297 1 39 theme UNLABELLED 126:135 arg1 OGT 190:192 OGT 190:192 OGT 190:192 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. 26041297 6 40 theme replication 1028:1038 arg1 cycle 1040:1044 the viral replication cycle 1018:1044 the viral replication cycle 1018:1044 The major effect of the inhibitor occurred late in the viral replication cycle, when it reduced the levels of late proteins and inhibited capsid formation. 26041297 10 41 theme essential 1621:1629 arg1 products 1612:1619 viral or host gene products 1593:1619 products 1612:1619 IMPORTANCE Antiviral agents can target viral or host gene products essential for viral replication. 26041297 0 42 theme Transferase 43:53 arg1 Inhibition 0:9 Inhibition 0:9 Inhibition of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase 0:53 Inhibition of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Reduces Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus and Human Cytomegalovirus. 26041297 9 43 theme HSV 1549:1551 arg1 cycle 1540:1544 the replication cycle 1524:1544 the replication cycle of HSV 1524:1551 Our results obtained using a small molecule inhibitor and siRNA depletion suggest that OGT's glycosylation and scaffolding functions play distinct roles in the replication cycle of HSV. 26041297 8 44 theme HSV 1351:1353 arg1 replication 1355:1365 HSV replication 1351:1365 HSV replication 1351:1365 In this study, we identified OGT as a novel cellular factor involved in HSV replication. 26041297 14 45 theme antiviral 2304:2312 arg1 therapy 2314:2320 antiviral therapy 2304:2320 antiviral therapy 2304:2320 Thus, we identify OGT as a novel host factor involved in the replication of HSV and a potential target for antiviral therapy. 26041297 2 46 theme many 375:378 arg1 targets 380:386 the many targets 371:386 the many targets of OGT 371:393 Among the many targets of OGT is host cell factor 1 (HCF-1), a transcriptional regulator that is required for transactivation of the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV). 26041297 1 47 link O-linked 137:144 arg1 O-GlcNAc 167:174 O-GlcNAc 167:174 O-GlcNAc 167:174 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. 26041297 1 47 link O-linked 137:144 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 146:164 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 137:164 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) 126:193 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. 26041297 4 48 theme small 761:765 arg1 OSMI-1 787:792 OSMI-1 787:792 OSMI-1 787:792 In this study, we tested whether inhibition of the enzymatic activity of OGT with a small molecule inhibitor, OSMI-1, affects initiation of HSV immediate-early gene expression and viral replication. 26041297 4 48 theme small 761:765 arg1 inhibitor 776:784 a small molecule inhibitor 759:784 a small molecule inhibitor 759:784 In this study, we tested whether inhibition of the enzymatic activity of OGT with a small molecule inhibitor, OSMI-1, affects initiation of HSV immediate-early gene expression and viral replication. 26041297 14 49 theme target 2293:2298 arg1 replication 2258:2268 the replication 2254:2268 the replication of HSV and a potential target for antiviral therapy 2254:2320 Thus, we identify OGT as a novel host factor involved in the replication of HSV and a potential target for antiviral therapy. 26041297 11 50 theme nuclear 1799:1805 arg1 proteins 1823:1830 nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 1799:1830 nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 1799:1830 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an important cellular enzyme that catalyzes the posttranslational addition of GlcNAc sugar residues to hundreds of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, and this modification regulates their activity and function. 26041297 7 51 dep reducing 1256:1263 arg1 addition 1244:1251 addition 1244:1251 addition 1244:1251 However, depleting OGT levels with small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the expression of HSV immediate-early genes, in addition to reducing viral yields. 26041297 6 52 theme proteins 1082:1089 arg1 levels 1067:1072 the levels 1063:1072 the levels of late proteins 1063:1089 The major effect of the inhibitor occurred late in the viral replication cycle, when it reduced the levels of late proteins and inhibited capsid formation. 26041297 7 53 theme immediate-early 1218:1232 arg1 genes 1234:1238 HSV immediate-early genes 1214:1238 HSV immediate-early genes 1214:1238 However, depleting OGT levels with small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the expression of HSV immediate-early genes, in addition to reducing viral yields. 26041297 14 54 theme HSV 2273:2275 arg1 replication 2258:2268 the replication 2254:2268 the replication of HSV and a potential target for antiviral therapy 2254:2320 Thus, we identify OGT as a novel host factor involved in the replication of HSV and a potential target for antiviral therapy. 26041297 12 55 theme herpes 1986:1991 arg1 HSV 2008:2010 HSV 2008:2010 HSV 2008:2010 Some of the known OGT targets are cellular proteins that are critical for the expression of herpes simplex virus (HSV) genes, suggesting a role for OGT in the replication cycle of HSV. 26041297 12 55 theme herpes 1986:1991 arg1 virus 2001:2005 herpes simplex virus 1986:2005 herpes simplex virus (HSV) genes 1986:2017 Some of the known OGT targets are cellular proteins that are critical for the expression of herpes simplex virus (HSV) genes, suggesting a role for OGT in the replication cycle of HSV. 26041297 4 56 theme gene 837:840 arg1 expression 842:851 HSV immediate-early gene expression 817:851 HSV immediate-early gene expression 817:851 In this study, we tested whether inhibition of the enzymatic activity of OGT with a small molecule inhibitor, OSMI-1, affects initiation of HSV immediate-early gene expression and viral replication. 26041297 1 57 theme O-linked 298:305 arg1 addition 307:314 O-linked addition 298:314 O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety 298:362 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. 26041297 11 58 theme cytoplasmic 1811:1821 arg1 proteins 1823:1830 nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 1799:1830 nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 1799:1830 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an important cellular enzyme that catalyzes the posttranslational addition of GlcNAc sugar residues to hundreds of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, and this modification regulates their activity and function. 26041297 10 59 theme IMPORTANCE 1554:1563 arg1 agents 1575:1580 IMPORTANCE Antiviral agents 1554:1580 IMPORTANCE Antiviral agents 1554:1580 IMPORTANCE Antiviral agents can target viral or host gene products essential for viral replication. 26041297 4 60 theme HSV 817:819 arg1 expression 842:851 HSV immediate-early gene expression 817:851 HSV immediate-early gene expression 817:851 In this study, we tested whether inhibition of the enzymatic activity of OGT with a small molecule inhibitor, OSMI-1, affects initiation of HSV immediate-early gene expression and viral replication. 26041297 11 61 theme sugar 1769:1773 arg1 residues 1775:1782 GlcNAc sugar residues 1762:1782 GlcNAc sugar residues 1762:1782 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an important cellular enzyme that catalyzes the posttranslational addition of GlcNAc sugar residues to hundreds of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, and this modification regulates their activity and function. 26041297 14 62 theme novel 2224:2228 arg1 factor 2235:2240 a novel host factor 2222:2240 a novel host factor involved in the replication of HSV and a potential target for antiviral therapy 2222:2320 Thus, we identify OGT as a novel host factor involved in the replication of HSV and a potential target for antiviral therapy. 26041297 14 62 theme novel 2224:2228 arg1 OGT 2215:2217 OGT 2215:2217 OGT 2215:2217 Thus, we identify OGT as a novel host factor involved in the replication of HSV and a potential target for antiviral therapy. 26041297 9 63 theme molecule 1403:1410 arg1 inhibitor 1412:1420 a small molecule inhibitor 1395:1420 a small molecule inhibitor 1395:1420 Our results obtained using a small molecule inhibitor and siRNA depletion suggest that OGT's glycosylation and scaffolding functions play distinct roles in the replication cycle of HSV. 26041297 9 64 theme small 1397:1401 arg1 inhibitor 1412:1420 a small molecule inhibitor 1395:1420 a small molecule inhibitor 1395:1420 Our results obtained using a small molecule inhibitor and siRNA depletion suggest that OGT's glycosylation and scaffolding functions play distinct roles in the replication cycle of HSV. 26041297 1 65 theme O-linked 137:144 arg1 O-GlcNAc 167:174 O-GlcNAc 167:174 O-GlcNAc 167:174 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. 26041297 1 65 theme O-linked 137:144 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 146:164 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 137:164 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) 126:193 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. 26041297 12 66 theme OGT 1912:1914 arg1 targets 1916:1922 the known OGT targets 1902:1922 the known OGT targets 1902:1922 Some of the known OGT targets are cellular proteins that are critical for the expression of herpes simplex virus (HSV) genes, suggesting a role for OGT in the replication cycle of HSV. 26041297 4 67 theme replication 863:873 arg1 initiation 803:812 initiation 803:812 initiation of HSV immediate-early gene expression and viral replication 803:873 In this study, we tested whether inhibition of the enzymatic activity of OGT with a small molecule inhibitor, OSMI-1, affects initiation of HSV immediate-early gene expression and viral replication. 26041297 12 68 theme genes 2013:2017 arg1 expression 1972:1981 the expression 1968:1981 the expression of herpes simplex virus (HSV) genes 1968:2017 Some of the known OGT targets are cellular proteins that are critical for the expression of herpes simplex virus (HSV) genes, suggesting a role for OGT in the replication cycle of HSV. 26041297 4 69 with inhibition 710:719 arg1 OSMI-1 787:792 OSMI-1 787:792 OSMI-1 787:792 In this study, we tested whether inhibition of the enzymatic activity of OGT with a small molecule inhibitor, OSMI-1, affects initiation of HSV immediate-early gene expression and viral replication. 26041297 4 69 with inhibition 710:719 arg1 inhibitor 776:784 a small molecule inhibitor 759:784 a small molecule inhibitor 759:784 In this study, we tested whether inhibition of the enzymatic activity of OGT with a small molecule inhibitor, OSMI-1, affects initiation of HSV immediate-early gene expression and viral replication. 26041297 13 70 theme new 2184:2186 arg1 virions 2188:2194 new virions 2184:2194 new virions 2184:2194 In this study, we found that OGT is required for efficient expression of viral genes and for assembly of new virions. 26041297 0 71 theme Simplex 85:91 arg1 Virus 93:97 Herpes Simplex Virus 78:97 Herpes Simplex Virus 78:97 Inhibition of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Reduces Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus and Human Cytomegalovirus. 26041297 1 72 theme cellular 211:218 arg1 enzyme 220:225 an essential cellular enzyme 198:225 an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety 198:362 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. 26041297 1 72 theme cellular 211:218 arg1 transferase 177:187 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase 126:187 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) 126:193 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. 26041297 13 73 theme viral 2152:2156 arg1 genes 2158:2162 viral genes 2152:2162 viral genes 2152:2162 In this study, we found that OGT is required for efficient expression of viral genes and for assembly of new virions. 26041297 2 74 theme immediate-early 498:512 arg1 genes 514:518 the immediate-early genes 494:518 the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV) 494:548 Among the many targets of OGT is host cell factor 1 (HCF-1), a transcriptional regulator that is required for transactivation of the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV). 26041297 12 75 theme virus 2001:2005 arg1 genes 2013:2017 herpes simplex virus (HSV) genes 1986:2017 herpes simplex virus (HSV) genes 1986:2017 Some of the known OGT targets are cellular proteins that are critical for the expression of herpes simplex virus (HSV) genes, suggesting a role for OGT in the replication cycle of HSV. 26041297 11 76 theme important 1687:1695 arg1 enzyme 1706:1711 an important cellular enzyme 1684:1711 an important cellular enzyme that catalyzes the posttranslational addition of GlcNAc sugar residues to hundreds of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 1684:1830 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an important cellular enzyme that catalyzes the posttranslational addition of GlcNAc sugar residues to hundreds of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, and this modification regulates their activity and function. 26041297 11 76 theme important 1687:1695 arg1 transferase 1663:1673 O-GlcNAc transferase 1654:1673 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) 1654:1679 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an important cellular enzyme that catalyzes the posttranslational addition of GlcNAc sugar residues to hundreds of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, and this modification regulates their activity and function. 26041297 11 77 theme posttranslational 1732:1748 arg1 addition 1750:1757 the posttranslational addition 1728:1757 the posttranslational addition of GlcNAc sugar residues to hundreds of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 1728:1830 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an important cellular enzyme that catalyzes the posttranslational addition of GlcNAc sugar residues to hundreds of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, and this modification regulates their activity and function. 26041297 0 78 theme Cytomegalovirus 109:123 arg1 Replication 63:73 Replication 63:73 Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus and Human Cytomegalovirus 63:123 Inhibition of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Reduces Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus and Human Cytomegalovirus. 26041297 5 79 theme HSV 950:952 arg1 replication 954:964 HSV replication 950:964 HSV replication 950:964 We found that inhibiting OGT's enzymatic activity significantly decreased HSV replication. 26041297 2 80 theme simplex 530:536 arg1 HSV 545:547 HSV 545:547 HSV 545:547 Among the many targets of OGT is host cell factor 1 (HCF-1), a transcriptional regulator that is required for transactivation of the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV). 26041297 2 80 theme simplex 530:536 arg1 virus 538:542 herpes simplex virus 523:542 herpes simplex virus (HSV) 523:548 Among the many targets of OGT is host cell factor 1 (HCF-1), a transcriptional regulator that is required for transactivation of the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV). 26041297 4 81 theme activity 738:745 arg1 inhibition 710:719 inhibition 710:719 inhibition of the enzymatic activity of OGT with a small molecule inhibitor, OSMI-1, 710:793 In this study, we tested whether inhibition of the enzymatic activity of OGT with a small molecule inhibitor, OSMI-1, affects initiation of HSV immediate-early gene expression and viral replication. 26041297 7 82 theme small 1158:1162 arg1 RNA 1176:1178 small interfering RNA 1158:1178 small interfering RNA (siRNA) 1158:1186 However, depleting OGT levels with small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the expression of HSV immediate-early genes, in addition to reducing viral yields. 26041297 7 82 theme small 1158:1162 arg1 siRNA 1181:1185 siRNA 1181:1185 siRNA 1181:1185 However, depleting OGT levels with small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the expression of HSV immediate-early genes, in addition to reducing viral yields. 26041297 9 83 theme distinct 1506:1513 arg1 roles 1515:1519 distinct roles 1506:1519 distinct roles 1506:1519 Our results obtained using a small molecule inhibitor and siRNA depletion suggest that OGT's glycosylation and scaffolding functions play distinct roles in the replication cycle of HSV. 26041297 4 84 theme OGT 750:752 arg1 activity 738:745 the enzymatic activity 724:745 the enzymatic activity of OGT 724:752 In this study, we tested whether inhibition of the enzymatic activity of OGT with a small molecule inhibitor, OSMI-1, affects initiation of HSV immediate-early gene expression and viral replication. 26041297 10 85 theme host 1602:1605 arg1 products 1612:1619 viral or host gene products 1593:1619 products 1612:1619 IMPORTANCE Antiviral agents can target viral or host gene products essential for viral replication. 26041297 5 86 theme enzymatic 907:915 arg1 activity 917:924 OGT's enzymatic activity 901:924 OGT's enzymatic activity 901:924 We found that inhibiting OGT's enzymatic activity significantly decreased HSV replication. 26041297 10 87 theme viral 1593:1597 arg1 products 1612:1619 viral or host gene products 1593:1619 products 1612:1619 IMPORTANCE Antiviral agents can target viral or host gene products essential for viral replication. 26041297 0 88 theme N-Acetylglucosamine 23:41 arg1 Transferase 43:53 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase 14:53 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase 14:53 Inhibition of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Reduces Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus and Human Cytomegalovirus. 26041297 13 89 theme efficient 2128:2136 arg1 expression 2138:2147 efficient expression 2128:2147 efficient expression of viral genes 2128:2162 In this study, we found that OGT is required for efficient expression of viral genes and for assembly of new virions. 26041297 12 90 from role 2033:2036 arg1 cycle 2065:2069 the replication cycle 2049:2069 the replication cycle of HSV 2049:2076 Some of the known OGT targets are cellular proteins that are critical for the expression of herpes simplex virus (HSV) genes, suggesting a role for OGT in the replication cycle of HSV. 26041297 9 91 theme replication 1528:1538 arg1 cycle 1540:1544 the replication cycle 1524:1544 the replication cycle of HSV 1524:1551 Our results obtained using a small molecule inhibitor and siRNA depletion suggest that OGT's glycosylation and scaffolding functions play distinct roles in the replication cycle of HSV. 26041297 7 92 theme viral 1265:1269 arg1 yields 1271:1276 viral yields 1265:1276 viral yields 1265:1276 However, depleting OGT levels with small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the expression of HSV immediate-early genes, in addition to reducing viral yields. 26041297 11 93 theme O-GlcNAc 1654:1661 arg1 OGT 1676:1678 OGT 1676:1678 OGT 1676:1678 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an important cellular enzyme that catalyzes the posttranslational addition of GlcNAc sugar residues to hundreds of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, and this modification regulates their activity and function. 26041297 11 93 theme O-GlcNAc 1654:1661 arg1 transferase 1663:1673 O-GlcNAc transferase 1654:1673 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) 1654:1679 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an important cellular enzyme that catalyzes the posttranslational addition of GlcNAc sugar residues to hundreds of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, and this modification regulates their activity and function. 26041297 11 93 theme O-GlcNAc 1654:1661 arg1 enzyme 1706:1711 an important cellular enzyme 1684:1711 an important cellular enzyme that catalyzes the posttranslational addition of GlcNAc sugar residues to hundreds of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 1684:1830 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an important cellular enzyme that catalyzes the posttranslational addition of GlcNAc sugar residues to hundreds of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, and this modification regulates their activity and function. 26041297 8 94 theme novel 1317:1321 arg1 factor 1332:1337 a novel cellular factor 1315:1337 a novel cellular factor involved in HSV replication 1315:1365 In this study, we identified OGT as a novel cellular factor involved in HSV replication. 26041297 8 94 theme novel 1317:1321 arg1 OGT 1308:1310 OGT 1308:1310 OGT 1308:1310 In this study, we identified OGT as a novel cellular factor involved in HSV replication. 26041297 6 95 theme late 1077:1080 arg1 proteins 1082:1089 late proteins 1077:1089 late proteins 1077:1089 The major effect of the inhibitor occurred late in the viral replication cycle, when it reduced the levels of late proteins and inhibited capsid formation. 26041297 1 96 theme N-acetylglucosamine 328:346 arg1 moiety 357:362 a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety 319:362 a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety 319:362 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. 26041297 6 97 theme viral 1022:1026 arg1 cycle 1040:1044 the viral replication cycle 1018:1044 the viral replication cycle 1018:1044 The major effect of the inhibitor occurred late in the viral replication cycle, when it reduced the levels of late proteins and inhibited capsid formation. 26041297 1 98 theme GlcNAc 349:354 arg1 moiety 357:362 a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety 319:362 a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety 319:362 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. 26041297 6 99 theme capsid 1105:1110 arg1 formation 1112:1120 capsid formation 1105:1120 capsid formation 1105:1120 The major effect of the inhibitor occurred late in the viral replication cycle, when it reduced the levels of late proteins and inhibited capsid formation. 26041297 3 100 theme biological 656:665 arg1 function 667:674 its biological function 652:674 its biological function 652:674 HCF-1 is synthesized as a large precursor that is proteolytically cleaved by OGT, which may regulate its biological function. 26041297 11 101 theme proteins 1823:1830 arg1 hundreds 1787:1794 hundreds 1787:1794 hundreds of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 1787:1830 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an important cellular enzyme that catalyzes the posttranslational addition of GlcNAc sugar residues to hundreds of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, and this modification regulates their activity and function. 26041297 1 102 theme moiety 357:362 arg1 addition 307:314 O-linked addition 298:314 O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety 298:362 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. 26041297 7 103 theme genes 1234:1238 arg1 expression 1200:1209 the expression 1196:1209 the expression of HSV immediate-early genes 1196:1238 However, depleting OGT levels with small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the expression of HSV immediate-early genes, in addition to reducing viral yields. 26041297 12 104 theme HSV 2074:2076 arg1 cycle 2065:2069 the replication cycle 2049:2069 the replication cycle of HSV 2049:2076 Some of the known OGT targets are cellular proteins that are critical for the expression of herpes simplex virus (HSV) genes, suggesting a role for OGT in the replication cycle of HSV. 26041297 14 105 theme potential 2283:2291 arg1 target 2293:2298 a potential target 2281:2298 a potential target for antiviral therapy 2281:2320 Thus, we identify OGT as a novel host factor involved in the replication of HSV and a potential target for antiviral therapy. 26041297 1 106 theme nuclear 261:267 arg1 proteins 285:292 nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 261:292 nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 261:292 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. 26041297 7 107 theme HSV 1214:1216 arg1 genes 1234:1238 HSV immediate-early genes 1214:1238 HSV immediate-early genes 1214:1238 However, depleting OGT levels with small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the expression of HSV immediate-early genes, in addition to reducing viral yields. 26041297 4 108 theme molecule 767:774 arg1 OSMI-1 787:792 OSMI-1 787:792 OSMI-1 787:792 In this study, we tested whether inhibition of the enzymatic activity of OGT with a small molecule inhibitor, OSMI-1, affects initiation of HSV immediate-early gene expression and viral replication. 26041297 4 108 theme molecule 767:774 arg1 inhibitor 776:784 a small molecule inhibitor 759:784 a small molecule inhibitor 759:784 In this study, we tested whether inhibition of the enzymatic activity of OGT with a small molecule inhibitor, OSMI-1, affects initiation of HSV immediate-early gene expression and viral replication. 26041297 2 109 theme OGT 391:393 arg1 targets 380:386 the many targets 371:386 the many targets of OGT 371:393 Among the many targets of OGT is host cell factor 1 (HCF-1), a transcriptional regulator that is required for transactivation of the immediate-early genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV). 26041297 1 110 theme cytoplasmic 273:283 arg1 proteins 285:292 nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 261:292 nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 261:292 UNLABELLED O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential cellular enzyme that posttranslationally modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins via O-linked addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. 27716624 6 0 theme factor 1045:1050 arg1 activation 979:988 activation 979:988 activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1) 979:1082 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 6 0 theme factor 1045:1050 arg1 growth 1101:1106 cell growth 1096:1106 cell growth 1096:1106 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 3 1 theme GlcNAc 542:547 arg1 significance 526:537 the biological significance 511:537 the biological significance of GlcNAc in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) 511:588 However, the biological significance of GlcNAc in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is not well defined. 27716624 9 2 theme radiolabeled 1610:1621 arg1 conjugate 1642:1650 radiolabeled technetium-99m-ECG conjugate 1610:1650 radiolabeled technetium-99m-ECG conjugate 1610:1650 Finally, we showed in both in vitro and in vivo murine models that DLBCL cells easily take up radiolabeled technetium-99m-ECG conjugate. 27716624 6 3 theme cell 1096:1099 arg1 growth 1101:1106 cell growth 1096:1106 cell growth 1096:1106 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 9 4 dep in 1556:1557 arg1 vivo 1559:1562 vivo 1559:1562 vivo 1559:1562 Finally, we showed in both in vitro and in vivo murine models that DLBCL cells easily take up radiolabeled technetium-99m-ECG conjugate. 27716624 3 5 theme B-cell 566:571 arg1 lymphoma 573:580 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 552:580 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) 552:588 However, the biological significance of GlcNAc in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is not well defined. 27716624 3 5 theme B-cell 566:571 arg1 DLBCL 583:587 DLBCL 583:587 DLBCL 583:587 However, the biological significance of GlcNAc in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is not well defined. 27716624 5 6 theme OGT 843:845 arg1 levels 852:857 high OGT mRNA levels 838:857 high OGT mRNA levels 838:857 Notably, high OGT mRNA levels were associated with poor survival of DLBCL patients. 27716624 0 7 link O-linked 50:57 arg1 cycling 79:85 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine cycling 50:85 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine cycling 50:85 Targeting the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine cycling for therapeutic and imaging capabilities in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. 27716624 7 8 theme G0/G1 1315:1319 arg1 arrest 1332:1337 G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest 1315:1337 G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest 1315:1337 Depleting both glucose and glutamine in DLBCL cells or treating them with an HBP inhibitor (azaserine) diminished O-GlcNAc protein substrate, inhibited constitutive NF-κB and NFATc1 activation, and induced G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. 27716624 0 9 theme large 139:143 arg1 lymphoma 152:159 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 131:159 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 131:159 Targeting the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine cycling for therapeutic and imaging capabilities in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. 27716624 1 10 theme key 217:219 arg1 nutrients 221:229 two key nutrients glucose and glutamine 213:251 two key nutrients glucose and glutamine 213:251 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 27716624 1 10 theme key 217:219 arg1 glutamine 243:251 glutamine 243:251 glutamine 243:251 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 27716624 1 10 theme key 217:219 arg1 glucose 231:237 glucose 231:237 glucose 231:237 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 27716624 6 11 theme small 931:935 arg1 RNA 950:952 small interference RNA 931:952 small interference RNA 931:952 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 8 12 theme glutamine-deprived 1379:1396 arg1 cells 1404:1408 Replenishing glucose-and glutamine-deprived DLBCL cells 1354:1408 Replenishing glucose-and glutamine-deprived DLBCL cells with a synthetic glucose analog (ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG]) 1354:1487 Replenishing glucose-and glutamine-deprived DLBCL cells with a synthetic glucose analog (ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG]) reversed these phenotypes. 27716624 4 13 theme endpoint 675:682 arg1 transferase 693:703 the endpoint O-GlcNAc transferase 671:703 the endpoint O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme of the HBP 671:727 This study is the first to show that both the substrate and the endpoint O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme of the HBP were highly expressed in DLBCL cell lines and in patient tumors compared with normal B-lymphocytes. 27716624 4 13 theme endpoint 675:682 arg1 OGT 706:708 OGT 706:708 OGT 706:708 This study is the first to show that both the substrate and the endpoint O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme of the HBP were highly expressed in DLBCL cell lines and in patient tumors compared with normal B-lymphocytes. 27716624 5 14 theme patients 903:910 arg1 survival 885:892 poor survival 880:892 poor survival of DLBCL patients 880:910 Notably, high OGT mRNA levels were associated with poor survival of DLBCL patients. 27716624 8 15 theme glucose 1427:1433 arg1 [ECG 1482:1485 ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG 1443:1485 ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG 1443:1485 Replenishing glucose-and glutamine-deprived DLBCL cells with a synthetic glucose analog (ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG]) reversed these phenotypes. 27716624 8 15 theme glucose 1427:1433 arg1 analog 1435:1440 a synthetic glucose analog 1415:1440 a synthetic glucose analog (ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG]) 1415:1487 Replenishing glucose-and glutamine-deprived DLBCL cells with a synthetic glucose analog (ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG]) reversed these phenotypes. 27716624 7 16 theme constitutive 1261:1272 arg1 NF-κB 1274:1278 constitutive NF-κB 1261:1278 constitutive NF-κB 1261:1278 Depleting both glucose and glutamine in DLBCL cells or treating them with an HBP inhibitor (azaserine) diminished O-GlcNAc protein substrate, inhibited constitutive NF-κB and NFATc1 activation, and induced G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. 27716624 4 17 theme O-GlcNAc 684:691 arg1 transferase 693:703 the endpoint O-GlcNAc transferase 671:703 the endpoint O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme of the HBP 671:727 This study is the first to show that both the substrate and the endpoint O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme of the HBP were highly expressed in DLBCL cell lines and in patient tumors compared with normal B-lymphocytes. 27716624 4 17 theme O-GlcNAc 684:691 arg1 OGT 706:708 OGT 706:708 OGT 706:708 This study is the first to show that both the substrate and the endpoint O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme of the HBP were highly expressed in DLBCL cell lines and in patient tumors compared with normal B-lymphocytes. 27716624 10 18 theme analog 1792:1797 arg1 ECG 1799:1801 the glucosamine analog ECG 1776:1801 the glucosamine analog ECG 1776:1801 These findings suggest that targeting the HBP has therapeutic relevance for DLBCL and underscores the imaging potential of the glucosamine analog ECG in DLBCL. 27716624 1 19 theme hexosamine 166:175 arg1 HBP 199:201 HBP 199:201 HBP 199:201 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 27716624 1 19 theme hexosamine 166:175 arg1 pathway 190:196 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 162:196 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) 162:202 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 27716624 1 20 theme nuclear 368:374 arg1 proteins 392:399 nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 368:399 nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 368:399 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 27716624 5 21 theme poor 880:883 arg1 survival 885:892 poor survival 880:892 poor survival of DLBCL patients 880:910 Notably, high OGT mRNA levels were associated with poor survival of DLBCL patients. 27716624 0 22 theme imaging 107:113 arg1 capabilities 115:126 imaging capabilities 107:126 imaging capabilities 107:126 Targeting the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine cycling for therapeutic and imaging capabilities in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. 27716624 1 23 theme cytoplasmic 380:390 arg1 proteins 392:399 nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 368:399 nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 368:399 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 27716624 4 24 dep transferase 693:703 arg1 enzyme 711:716 enzyme 711:716 the endpoint O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme of the HBP 671:727 This study is the first to show that both the substrate and the endpoint O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme of the HBP were highly expressed in DLBCL cell lines and in patient tumors compared with normal B-lymphocytes. 27716624 6 25 theme DLBCL 957:961 arg1 cells 963:967 DLBCL cells 957:967 DLBCL cells 957:967 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 6 26 theme B 1022:1022 arg1 activation 979:988 activation 979:988 activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1) 979:1082 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 6 26 theme B 1022:1022 arg1 growth 1101:1106 cell growth 1096:1106 cell growth 1096:1106 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 4 27 theme cell 760:763 arg1 lines 765:769 DLBCL cell lines 754:769 DLBCL cell lines 754:769 This study is the first to show that both the substrate and the endpoint O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme of the HBP were highly expressed in DLBCL cell lines and in patient tumors compared with normal B-lymphocytes. 27716624 4 28 theme HBP 725:727 arg1 transferase 693:703 the endpoint O-GlcNAc transferase 671:703 the endpoint O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme of the HBP 671:727 This study is the first to show that both the substrate and the endpoint O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme of the HBP were highly expressed in DLBCL cell lines and in patient tumors compared with normal B-lymphocytes. 27716624 4 28 theme HBP 725:727 arg1 substrate 657:665 the substrate 653:665 the substrate 653:665 This study is the first to show that both the substrate and the endpoint O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme of the HBP were highly expressed in DLBCL cell lines and in patient tumors compared with normal B-lymphocytes. 27716624 4 28 theme HBP 725:727 arg1 OGT 706:708 OGT 706:708 OGT 706:708 This study is the first to show that both the substrate and the endpoint O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme of the HBP were highly expressed in DLBCL cell lines and in patient tumors compared with normal B-lymphocytes. 27716624 2 29 dep cell 476:479 arg1 survival 492:499 survival 492:499 survival 492:499 Increased GlcNAc has been linked to regulatory factors involved in cancer cell growth and survival. 27716624 2 29 dep cell 476:479 arg1 growth 481:486 growth 481:486 growth 481:486 Increased GlcNAc has been linked to regulatory factors involved in cancer cell growth and survival. 27716624 2 30 theme cancer 469:474 arg1 cell 476:479 cancer cell growth and survival 469:499 cancer cell growth and survival 469:499 Increased GlcNAc has been linked to regulatory factors involved in cancer cell growth and survival. 27716624 0 31 theme hexosamine 14:23 arg1 pathway 38:44 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 10:44 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 10:44 Targeting the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine cycling for therapeutic and imaging capabilities in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. 27716624 9 32 theme in 1543:1544 arg1 models 1571:1576 both in vitro and in vivo murine models 1538:1576 both in vitro and in vivo murine models 1538:1576 Finally, we showed in both in vitro and in vivo murine models that DLBCL cells easily take up radiolabeled technetium-99m-ECG conjugate. 27716624 7 33 theme O-GlcNAc 1223:1230 arg1 substrate 1240:1248 O-GlcNAc protein substrate 1223:1248 O-GlcNAc protein substrate 1223:1248 Depleting both glucose and glutamine in DLBCL cells or treating them with an HBP inhibitor (azaserine) diminished O-GlcNAc protein substrate, inhibited constitutive NF-κB and NFATc1 activation, and induced G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. 27716624 2 34 theme regulatory 438:447 arg1 factors 449:455 regulatory factors 438:455 regulatory factors involved in cancer cell growth and survival 438:499 Increased GlcNAc has been linked to regulatory factors involved in cancer cell growth and survival. 27716624 1 35 theme protein 327:333 arg1 modification 335:346 a post-translational protein modification 306:346 a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 306:399 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 27716624 1 35 theme protein 327:333 arg1 cycling 297:303 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling 257:303 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling 257:303 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 27716624 6 36 theme factor 1009:1014 arg1 B 1022:1022 nuclear factor kappa B 1001:1022 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) 1001:1030 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 6 36 theme factor 1009:1014 arg1 NF-κB 1025:1029 NF-κB 1025:1029 NF-κB 1025:1029 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 4 37 theme normal 807:812 arg1 B-lymphocytes 814:826 normal B-lymphocytes 807:826 normal B-lymphocytes 807:826 This study is the first to show that both the substrate and the endpoint O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme of the HBP were highly expressed in DLBCL cell lines and in patient tumors compared with normal B-lymphocytes. 27716624 3 38 theme biological 515:524 arg1 significance 526:537 the biological significance 511:537 the biological significance of GlcNAc in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) 511:588 However, the biological significance of GlcNAc in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is not well defined. 27716624 0 39 theme O-linked 50:57 arg1 cycling 79:85 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine cycling 50:85 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine cycling 50:85 Targeting the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine cycling for therapeutic and imaging capabilities in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. 27716624 1 40 dep nutrients 221:229 arg1 nutrients 221:229 two key nutrients glucose and glutamine 213:251 two key nutrients glucose and glutamine 213:251 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 27716624 1 40 dep nutrients 221:229 arg1 glutamine 243:251 glutamine 243:251 glutamine 243:251 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 27716624 1 40 dep nutrients 221:229 arg1 glucose 231:237 glucose 231:237 glucose 231:237 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 27716624 10 41 theme therapeutic 1703:1713 arg1 relevance 1715:1723 therapeutic relevance 1703:1723 therapeutic relevance for DLBCL 1703:1733 These findings suggest that targeting the HBP has therapeutic relevance for DLBCL and underscores the imaging potential of the glucosamine analog ECG in DLBCL. 27716624 7 42 theme HBP 1186:1188 arg1 azaserine 1201:1209 azaserine 1201:1209 azaserine 1201:1209 Depleting both glucose and glutamine in DLBCL cells or treating them with an HBP inhibitor (azaserine) diminished O-GlcNAc protein substrate, inhibited constitutive NF-κB and NFATc1 activation, and induced G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. 27716624 7 42 theme HBP 1186:1188 arg1 inhibitor 1190:1198 an HBP inhibitor 1183:1198 an HBP inhibitor (azaserine) 1183:1210 Depleting both glucose and glutamine in DLBCL cells or treating them with an HBP inhibitor (azaserine) diminished O-GlcNAc protein substrate, inhibited constitutive NF-κB and NFATc1 activation, and induced G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. 27716624 0 43 from lymphoma 152:159 arg1 therapeutic 91:101 therapeutic 91:101 therapeutic 91:101 Targeting the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine cycling for therapeutic and imaging capabilities in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. 27716624 8 44 theme glucose-and 1367:1377 arg1 cells 1404:1408 Replenishing glucose-and glutamine-deprived DLBCL cells 1354:1408 Replenishing glucose-and glutamine-deprived DLBCL cells with a synthetic glucose analog (ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG]) 1354:1487 Replenishing glucose-and glutamine-deprived DLBCL cells with a synthetic glucose analog (ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG]) reversed these phenotypes. 27716624 2 45 theme Increased 402:410 arg1 GlcNAc 412:417 Increased GlcNAc 402:417 Increased GlcNAc 402:417 Increased GlcNAc has been linked to regulatory factors involved in cancer cell growth and survival. 27716624 9 46 theme DLBCL 1583:1587 arg1 cells 1589:1593 DLBCL cells 1583:1593 DLBCL cells 1583:1593 Finally, we showed in both in vitro and in vivo murine models that DLBCL cells easily take up radiolabeled technetium-99m-ECG conjugate. 27716624 1 47 theme N-acetylglucosamine 266:284 arg1 modification 335:346 a post-translational protein modification 306:346 a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 306:399 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 27716624 1 47 theme N-acetylglucosamine 266:284 arg1 cycling 297:303 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling 257:303 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling 257:303 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 27716624 6 48 theme nuclear 1037:1043 arg1 factor 1045:1050 nuclear factor 1037:1050 nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1) 1037:1082 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 3 49 theme large 560:564 arg1 lymphoma 573:580 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 552:580 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) 552:588 However, the biological significance of GlcNAc in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is not well defined. 27716624 3 49 theme large 560:564 arg1 DLBCL 583:587 DLBCL 583:587 DLBCL 583:587 However, the biological significance of GlcNAc in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is not well defined. 27716624 5 50 theme high 838:841 arg1 levels 852:857 high OGT mRNA levels 838:857 high OGT mRNA levels 838:857 Notably, high OGT mRNA levels were associated with poor survival of DLBCL patients. 27716624 9 51 theme technetium-99m-ECG 1623:1640 arg1 conjugate 1642:1650 radiolabeled technetium-99m-ECG conjugate 1610:1650 radiolabeled technetium-99m-ECG conjugate 1610:1650 Finally, we showed in both in vitro and in vivo murine models that DLBCL cells easily take up radiolabeled technetium-99m-ECG conjugate. 27716624 1 52 link O-linked 257:264 arg1 O-GlcNAc 287:294 O-GlcNAc 287:294 O-GlcNAc 287:294 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 27716624 1 52 link O-linked 257:264 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 266:284 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 257:284 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling 257:303 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 27716624 10 53 theme imaging 1755:1761 arg1 potential 1763:1771 the imaging potential 1751:1771 the imaging potential of the glucosamine analog ECG in DLBCL 1751:1810 These findings suggest that targeting the HBP has therapeutic relevance for DLBCL and underscores the imaging potential of the glucosamine analog ECG in DLBCL. 27716624 5 54 theme mRNA 847:850 arg1 levels 852:857 high OGT mRNA levels 838:857 high OGT mRNA levels 838:857 Notably, high OGT mRNA levels were associated with poor survival of DLBCL patients. 27716624 0 55 theme B-cell 145:150 arg1 lymphoma 152:159 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 131:159 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 131:159 Targeting the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine cycling for therapeutic and imaging capabilities in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. 27716624 3 56 from significance 526:537 arg1 lymphoma 573:580 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 552:580 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) 552:588 However, the biological significance of GlcNAc in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is not well defined. 27716624 3 56 from significance 526:537 arg1 DLBCL 583:587 DLBCL 583:587 DLBCL 583:587 However, the biological significance of GlcNAc in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is not well defined. 27716624 6 57 theme interference 937:948 arg1 RNA 950:952 small interference RNA 931:952 small interference RNA 931:952 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 8 58 theme DLBCL 1398:1402 arg1 cells 1404:1408 Replenishing glucose-and glutamine-deprived DLBCL cells 1354:1408 Replenishing glucose-and glutamine-deprived DLBCL cells with a synthetic glucose analog (ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG]) 1354:1487 Replenishing glucose-and glutamine-deprived DLBCL cells with a synthetic glucose analog (ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG]) reversed these phenotypes. 27716624 7 59 theme cell-cycle 1321:1330 arg1 arrest 1332:1337 G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest 1315:1337 G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest 1315:1337 Depleting both glucose and glutamine in DLBCL cells or treating them with an HBP inhibitor (azaserine) diminished O-GlcNAc protein substrate, inhibited constitutive NF-κB and NFATc1 activation, and induced G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. 27716624 10 60 theme glucosamine 1780:1790 arg1 ECG 1799:1801 the glucosamine analog ECG 1776:1801 the glucosamine analog ECG 1776:1801 These findings suggest that targeting the HBP has therapeutic relevance for DLBCL and underscores the imaging potential of the glucosamine analog ECG in DLBCL. 27716624 6 61 theme Targeting 913:921 arg1 OGT 923:925 Targeting OGT 913:925 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells 913:967 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 8 62 theme synthetic 1417:1425 arg1 [ECG 1482:1485 ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG 1443:1485 ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG 1443:1485 Replenishing glucose-and glutamine-deprived DLBCL cells with a synthetic glucose analog (ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG]) reversed these phenotypes. 27716624 8 62 theme synthetic 1417:1425 arg1 analog 1435:1440 a synthetic glucose analog 1415:1440 a synthetic glucose analog (ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG]) 1415:1487 Replenishing glucose-and glutamine-deprived DLBCL cells with a synthetic glucose analog (ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG]) reversed these phenotypes. 27716624 5 63 theme DLBCL 897:901 arg1 patients 903:910 DLBCL patients 897:910 DLBCL patients 897:910 Notably, high OGT mRNA levels were associated with poor survival of DLBCL patients. 27716624 6 64 theme nuclear 1001:1007 arg1 B 1022:1022 nuclear factor kappa B 1001:1022 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) 1001:1030 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 6 64 theme nuclear 1001:1007 arg1 NF-κB 1025:1029 NF-κB 1025:1029 NF-κB 1025:1029 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 7 65 theme NFATc1 1284:1289 arg1 activation 1291:1300 NFATc1 activation 1284:1300 NFATc1 activation 1284:1300 Depleting both glucose and glutamine in DLBCL cells or treating them with an HBP inhibitor (azaserine) diminished O-GlcNAc protein substrate, inhibited constitutive NF-κB and NFATc1 activation, and induced G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. 27716624 7 66 theme DLBCL 1149:1153 arg1 cells 1155:1159 DLBCL cells 1149:1159 DLBCL cells 1149:1159 Depleting both glucose and glutamine in DLBCL cells or treating them with an HBP inhibitor (azaserine) diminished O-GlcNAc protein substrate, inhibited constitutive NF-κB and NFATc1 activation, and induced G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. 27716624 10 67 theme ECG 1799:1801 arg1 potential 1763:1771 the imaging potential 1751:1771 the imaging potential of the glucosamine analog ECG in DLBCL 1751:1810 These findings suggest that targeting the HBP has therapeutic relevance for DLBCL and underscores the imaging potential of the glucosamine analog ECG in DLBCL. 27716624 6 68 theme GlcNAc 993:998 arg1 activation 979:988 activation 979:988 activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1) 979:1082 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 6 68 theme GlcNAc 993:998 arg1 growth 1101:1106 cell growth 1096:1106 cell growth 1096:1106 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 8 69 theme ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine 1443:1480 arg1 [ECG 1482:1485 ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG 1443:1485 ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG 1443:1485 Replenishing glucose-and glutamine-deprived DLBCL cells with a synthetic glucose analog (ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG]) reversed these phenotypes. 27716624 8 69 theme ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine 1443:1480 arg1 analog 1435:1440 a synthetic glucose analog 1415:1440 a synthetic glucose analog (ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG]) 1415:1487 Replenishing glucose-and glutamine-deprived DLBCL cells with a synthetic glucose analog (ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG]) reversed these phenotypes. 27716624 9 70 dep in 1543:1544 arg1 vitro 1546:1550 vitro 1546:1550 vitro 1546:1550 Finally, we showed in both in vitro and in vivo murine models that DLBCL cells easily take up radiolabeled technetium-99m-ECG conjugate. 27716624 1 71 theme biosynthetic 177:188 arg1 HBP 199:201 HBP 199:201 HBP 199:201 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 27716624 1 71 theme biosynthetic 177:188 arg1 pathway 190:196 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 162:196 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) 162:202 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 27716624 6 72 theme T-cells 1065:1071 arg1 B 1022:1022 nuclear factor kappa B 1001:1022 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) 1001:1030 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 6 72 theme T-cells 1065:1071 arg1 GlcNAc 993:998 GlcNAc 993:998 GlcNAc 993:998 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 6 72 theme T-cells 1065:1071 arg1 factor 1045:1050 nuclear factor 1037:1050 nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1) 1037:1082 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 6 72 theme T-cells 1065:1071 arg1 NF-κB 1025:1029 NF-κB 1025:1029 NF-κB 1025:1029 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 0 73 theme diffuse 131:137 arg1 lymphoma 152:159 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 131:159 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 131:159 Targeting the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine cycling for therapeutic and imaging capabilities in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. 27716624 10 74 from potential 1763:1771 arg1 DLBCL 1806:1810 DLBCL 1806:1810 DLBCL 1806:1810 These findings suggest that targeting the HBP has therapeutic relevance for DLBCL and underscores the imaging potential of the glucosamine analog ECG in DLBCL. 27716624 4 75 theme DLBCL 754:758 arg1 lines 765:769 DLBCL cell lines 754:769 DLBCL cell lines 754:769 This study is the first to show that both the substrate and the endpoint O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme of the HBP were highly expressed in DLBCL cell lines and in patient tumors compared with normal B-lymphocytes. 27716624 7 76 theme protein 1232:1238 arg1 substrate 1240:1248 O-GlcNAc protein substrate 1223:1248 O-GlcNAc protein substrate 1223:1248 Depleting both glucose and glutamine in DLBCL cells or treating them with an HBP inhibitor (azaserine) diminished O-GlcNAc protein substrate, inhibited constitutive NF-κB and NFATc1 activation, and induced G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. 27716624 0 77 from therapeutic 91:101 arg1 lymphoma 152:159 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 131:159 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 131:159 Targeting the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine cycling for therapeutic and imaging capabilities in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. 27716624 0 78 theme biosynthetic 25:36 arg1 pathway 38:44 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 10:44 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 10:44 Targeting the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine cycling for therapeutic and imaging capabilities in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. 27716624 4 79 theme patient 778:784 arg1 tumors 786:791 patient tumors 778:791 patient tumors 778:791 This study is the first to show that both the substrate and the endpoint O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme of the HBP were highly expressed in DLBCL cell lines and in patient tumors compared with normal B-lymphocytes. 27716624 1 80 theme post-translational 308:325 arg1 modification 335:346 a post-translational protein modification 306:346 a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins 306:399 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 27716624 1 80 theme post-translational 308:325 arg1 cycling 297:303 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling 257:303 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling 257:303 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 27716624 6 81 theme kappa 1016:1020 arg1 B 1022:1022 nuclear factor kappa B 1001:1022 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) 1001:1030 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 6 81 theme kappa 1016:1020 arg1 NF-κB 1025:1029 NF-κB 1025:1029 NF-κB 1025:1029 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 0 82 theme N-acetylglucosamine 59:77 arg1 cycling 79:85 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine cycling 50:85 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine cycling 50:85 Targeting the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine cycling for therapeutic and imaging capabilities in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. 27716624 9 83 theme in 1556:1557 arg1 models 1571:1576 both in vitro and in vivo murine models 1538:1576 both in vitro and in vivo murine models 1538:1576 Finally, we showed in both in vitro and in vivo murine models that DLBCL cells easily take up radiolabeled technetium-99m-ECG conjugate. 27716624 8 84 with cells 1404:1408 arg1 [ECG 1482:1485 ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG 1443:1485 ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG 1443:1485 Replenishing glucose-and glutamine-deprived DLBCL cells with a synthetic glucose analog (ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG]) reversed these phenotypes. 27716624 8 84 with cells 1404:1408 arg1 analog 1435:1440 a synthetic glucose analog 1415:1440 a synthetic glucose analog (ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG]) 1415:1487 Replenishing glucose-and glutamine-deprived DLBCL cells with a synthetic glucose analog (ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG]) reversed these phenotypes. 27716624 2 85 attach linked 428:433 arg2 GlcNAc 412:417 Increased GlcNAc 402:417 Increased GlcNAc 402:417 Increased GlcNAc has been linked to regulatory factors involved in cancer cell growth and survival. 27716624 2 85 attach linked 428:433 arg1 factors 449:455 regulatory factors 438:455 regulatory factors involved in cancer cell growth and survival 438:499 Increased GlcNAc has been linked to regulatory factors involved in cancer cell growth and survival. 27716624 9 86 theme murine 1564:1569 arg1 models 1571:1576 both in vitro and in vivo murine models 1538:1576 both in vitro and in vivo murine models 1538:1576 Finally, we showed in both in vitro and in vivo murine models that DLBCL cells easily take up radiolabeled technetium-99m-ECG conjugate. 27716624 6 87 from OGT 923:925 arg1 cells 963:967 DLBCL cells 957:967 DLBCL cells 957:967 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 6 88 dep T-cells 1065:1071 arg1 1 1073:1073 1 1073:1073 1 1073:1073 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 6 88 dep T-cells 1065:1071 arg1 NFATc1 1076:1081 NFATc1 1076:1081 NFATc1 1076:1081 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 6 89 theme activated 1055:1063 arg1 T-cells 1065:1071 activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1) 1055:1082 activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1) 1055:1082 Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. 27716624 8 90 theme Replenishing 1354:1365 arg1 cells 1404:1408 Replenishing glucose-and glutamine-deprived DLBCL cells 1354:1408 Replenishing glucose-and glutamine-deprived DLBCL cells with a synthetic glucose analog (ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG]) 1354:1487 Replenishing glucose-and glutamine-deprived DLBCL cells with a synthetic glucose analog (ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG]) reversed these phenotypes. 27716624 3 91 theme diffuse 552:558 arg1 lymphoma 573:580 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 552:580 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) 552:588 However, the biological significance of GlcNAc in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is not well defined. 27716624 3 91 theme diffuse 552:558 arg1 DLBCL 583:587 DLBCL 583:587 DLBCL 583:587 However, the biological significance of GlcNAc in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is not well defined. 27716624 1 92 theme O-linked 257:264 arg1 O-GlcNAc 287:294 O-GlcNAc 287:294 O-GlcNAc 287:294 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 27716624 1 92 theme O-linked 257:264 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 266:284 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine 257:284 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling 257:303 The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. 24677548 2 0 theme -Me-BIPAM 460:468 arg1 use 349:351 the use 345:351 the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM 345:468 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 1 1 from yields 244:249 arg1 types 174:178 various types 166:178 various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee) 166:322 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides gives various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee). 24677548 1 2 theme 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles 214:234 arg1 types 174:178 various types 166:178 various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee) 166:322 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides gives various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee). 24677548 1 3 from 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles 214:234 arg1 yields 244:249 high yields 239:249 high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee) 239:322 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides gives various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee). 24677548 1 4 theme Asymmetric 96:105 arg1 hydroarylation 129:142 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation 96:142 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides 96:158 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides gives various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee). 24677548 2 5 theme cod 389:391 arg1 ₂ 393:393 the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂] 356:394 the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) 356:403 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 2 5 theme cod 389:391 arg1 ₄ 402:402 BAr(F)₄ 396:402 BAr(F)₄ 396:402 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 1 6 theme intramolecular 107:120 arg1 hydroarylation 129:142 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation 96:142 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides 96:158 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides gives various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee). 24677548 1 7 theme high 239:242 arg1 yields 244:249 high yields 239:249 high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee) 239:322 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides gives various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee). 24677548 1 8 theme direct 122:127 arg1 hydroarylation 129:142 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation 96:142 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides 96:158 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides gives various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee). 24677548 2 9 theme F 400:400 arg1 ₂ 393:393 the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂] 356:394 the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) 356:403 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 2 9 theme F 400:400 arg1 ₄ 402:402 BAr(F)₄ 396:402 BAr(F)₄ 396:402 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 2 10 theme phosphoramidite 439:453 arg1 -Me-BIPAM 460:468 the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM 409:468 the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM 409:468 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 2 11 theme iridium 369:375 arg1 ₂ 393:393 the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂] 356:394 the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) 356:403 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 2 11 theme iridium 369:375 arg1 ₄ 402:402 BAr(F)₄ 396:402 BAr(F)₄ 396:402 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 2 12 theme bidentate 429:437 arg1 -Me-BIPAM 460:468 the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM 409:468 the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM 409:468 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 2 13 theme cationic 360:367 arg1 ₂ 393:393 the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂] 356:394 the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) 356:403 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 2 13 theme cationic 360:367 arg1 ₄ 402:402 BAr(F)₄ 396:402 BAr(F)₄ 396:402 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 1 14 theme complete 256:263 arg1 regioselectivity 265:280 complete regioselectivity 256:280 complete regioselectivity 256:280 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides gives various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee). 24677548 0 15 theme intramolecular 42:55 arg1 hydroarylation 64:77 asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation 31:77 asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides 31:93 Cationic Ir/Me-BIPAM-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides. 24677548 1 16 from types 174:178 arg1 yields 244:249 high yields 239:249 high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee) 239:322 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides gives various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee). 24677548 1 17 theme α-ketoamides 147:158 arg1 hydroarylation 129:142 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation 96:142 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides 96:158 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides gives various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee). 24677548 2 18 link O-linked 420:427 arg1 -Me-BIPAM 460:468 the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM 409:468 the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM 409:468 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 0 19 theme asymmetric 31:40 arg1 hydroarylation 64:77 asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation 31:77 asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides 31:93 Cationic Ir/Me-BIPAM-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides. 24677548 2 20 theme BAr 396:398 arg1 ₂ 393:393 the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂] 356:394 the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) 356:403 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 2 20 theme BAr 396:398 arg1 ₄ 402:402 BAr(F)₄ 396:402 BAr(F)₄ 396:402 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 1 21 theme high 286:289 arg1 ee 320:321 84-98% ee 313:321 84-98% ee 313:321 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides gives various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee). 24677548 1 21 theme high 286:289 arg1 enantioselectivities 291:310 high enantioselectivities 286:310 high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee) 286:322 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides gives various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee). 24677548 0 22 theme direct 57:62 arg1 hydroarylation 64:77 asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation 31:77 asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides 31:93 Cationic Ir/Me-BIPAM-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides. 24677548 2 23 theme ₂ 393:393 arg1 use 349:351 the use 345:351 the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM 345:468 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 2 24 theme O-linked 420:427 arg1 -Me-BIPAM 460:468 the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM 409:468 the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM 409:468 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 0 25 theme α-ketoamides 82:93 arg1 hydroarylation 64:77 asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation 31:77 asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides 31:93 Cationic Ir/Me-BIPAM-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides. 24677548 2 26 dep -Me-BIPAM 460:468 arg1 R 456:456 R 456:456 R 456:456 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 2 26 dep -Me-BIPAM 460:468 arg1 R 458:458 R 458:458 R 458:458 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 1 27 theme various 166:172 arg1 types 174:178 various types 166:178 various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee) 166:322 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides gives various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee). 24677548 2 28 theme [Ir 385:387 arg1 ₂ 393:393 the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂] 356:394 the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) 356:403 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 2 28 theme [Ir 385:387 arg1 ₄ 402:402 BAr(F)₄ 396:402 BAr(F)₄ 396:402 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 1 29 with yields 244:249 arg1 ee 320:321 84-98% ee 313:321 84-98% ee 313:321 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides gives various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee). 24677548 1 29 with yields 244:249 arg1 regioselectivity 265:280 complete regioselectivity 256:280 complete regioselectivity 256:280 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides gives various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee). 24677548 1 29 with yields 244:249 arg1 enantioselectivities 291:310 high enantioselectivities 286:310 high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee) 286:322 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides gives various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee). 24677548 2 30 theme complex 377:383 arg1 ₂ 393:393 the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂] 356:394 the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) 356:403 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 2 30 theme complex 377:383 arg1 ₄ 402:402 BAr(F)₄ 396:402 BAr(F)₄ 396:402 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 1 31 theme active 193:198 arg1 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles 214:234 optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles 183:234 optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee) 183:322 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides gives various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee). 24677548 1 32 theme % 318:318 arg1 ee 320:321 84-98% ee 313:321 84-98% ee 313:321 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides gives various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee). 24677548 1 32 theme % 318:318 arg1 enantioselectivities 291:310 high enantioselectivities 286:310 high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee) 286:322 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides gives various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee). 24677548 2 33 theme chiral 413:418 arg1 -Me-BIPAM 460:468 the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM 409:468 the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM 409:468 This is realized by the use of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(cod)₂](BAr(F)₄) and the chiral O-linked bidentate phosphoramidite (R,R)-Me-BIPAM. 24677548 1 34 theme 3-substituted 200:212 arg1 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles 214:234 optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles 183:234 optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee) 183:322 Asymmetric intramolecular direct hydroarylation of α-ketoamides gives various types of optically active 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in high yields with complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (84-98% ee). 25880561 13 0 gly N-glycosylated 1639:1652 arg1 RCL 1631:1633 CONCLUSIONS RCL 1619:1633 CONCLUSIONS RCL 1619:1633 CONCLUSIONS RCL was N-glycosylated when expressed in P. pastoris. 25880561 1 1 from tool 226:229 arg1 protein 234:240 protein engineering and production 234:267 protein engineering and production 234:267 BACKGROUND The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, is widely used as a useful experimental tool in protein engineering and production. 25880561 4 2 theme potential 551:559 arg1 sites 584:588 four potential N-linked glycosylation sites 546:588 four potential N-linked glycosylation sites 546:588 Rhizopus chinensis lipase (RCL) is one of the most important industrial lipases, and it has four potential N-linked glycosylation sites. 25880561 6 3 from sites 882:886 arg1 N-glycosylated 860:873 N-glycosylated 860:873 N-glycosylated 860:873 RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that RCL expressed in Pichia pastoris was N-glycosylated at the sites N-14, N-48 and N-60. 25880561 11 4 theme RCL 1486:1488 arg1 activity 1474:1481 activity 1474:1481 activity 1474:1481 On the other hand, the little amount of N-glycan on N-48 had no effect both on the secretion and activity of RCL in P. pastoris. 25880561 11 4 theme RCL 1486:1488 arg1 secretion 1460:1468 secretion 1460:1468 secretion 1460:1468 On the other hand, the little amount of N-glycan on N-48 had no effect both on the secretion and activity of RCL in P. pastoris. 25880561 8 5 theme key 1073:1075 arg1 role 1077:1080 a key role 1071:1080 a key role 1071:1080 The glycan on N-60 played a key role in the expression and secretion of RCL. 25880561 0 6 link N-linked 8:15 arg1 glycosylation 17:29 N-linked glycosylation 8:29 N-linked glycosylation 8:29 Role of N-linked glycosylation in the secretion and enzymatic properties of Rhizopus chinensis lipase expressed in Pichia pastoris. 25880561 4 7 theme glycosylation 570:582 arg1 sites 584:588 four potential N-linked glycosylation sites 546:588 four potential N-linked glycosylation sites 546:588 Rhizopus chinensis lipase (RCL) is one of the most important industrial lipases, and it has four potential N-linked glycosylation sites. 25880561 11 8 theme little 1400:1405 arg1 N-glycan 1417:1424 N-glycan 1417:1424 N-glycan 1417:1424 On the other hand, the little amount of N-glycan on N-48 had no effect both on the secretion and activity of RCL in P. pastoris. 25880561 11 8 theme little 1400:1405 arg1 amount 1407:1412 the little amount 1396:1412 the little amount of N-glycan on N-48 1396:1432 On the other hand, the little amount of N-glycan on N-48 had no effect both on the secretion and activity of RCL in P. pastoris. 25880561 15 9 link N-linked 1927:1934 arg1 glycosylation 1936:1948 the N-linked glycosylation 1923:1948 the N-linked glycosylation modification to meet the future needs of the biotechnological industry 1923:2019 Our report may also provide theoretical support for the improvement of enzyme expression and stability based on the N-linked glycosylation modification to meet the future needs of the biotechnological industry. 25880561 6 10 theme Pichia 840:845 arg1 pastoris 847:854 Pichia pastoris 840:854 Pichia pastoris 840:854 RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that RCL expressed in Pichia pastoris was N-glycosylated at the sites N-14, N-48 and N-60. 25880561 5 11 theme study 614:618 arg1 aim 595:597 The aim 591:597 The aim of the present study 591:618 The aim of the present study was to determine whether RCL undergoes asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and to examine the role of this modification in RCL expression and function. 25880561 4 12 contain has 542:544 arg1 it 539:540 it 539:540 it 539:540 Rhizopus chinensis lipase (RCL) is one of the most important industrial lipases, and it has four potential N-linked glycosylation sites. 25880561 4 12 contain has 542:544 arg2 sites 584:588 four potential N-linked glycosylation sites 546:588 four potential N-linked glycosylation sites 546:588 Rhizopus chinensis lipase (RCL) is one of the most important industrial lipases, and it has four potential N-linked glycosylation sites. 25880561 13 13 theme CONCLUSIONS 1619:1629 arg1 RCL 1631:1633 CONCLUSIONS RCL 1619:1633 CONCLUSIONS RCL 1619:1633 CONCLUSIONS RCL was N-glycosylated when expressed in P. pastoris. 25880561 7 14 theme N-48 1009:1012 arg1 portion 1036:1042 only a very small portion 1018:1042 only a very small portion 1018:1042 The majority of the sites N-14 and N-60 were glycosylated, but the glycosylation degree of the site N-48 was only a very small portion. 25880561 7 14 theme N-48 1009:1012 arg1 degree 990:995 the glycosylation degree 972:995 the glycosylation degree of the site N-48 972:1012 The majority of the sites N-14 and N-60 were glycosylated, but the glycosylation degree of the site N-48 was only a very small portion. 25880561 14 15 theme different 1733:1741 arg1 functions 1743:1751 different functions 1733:1751 different functions for the secretion and enzymatic properties of the lipase 1733:1808 The N-glycans of RCL on the different sites had different functions for the secretion and enzymatic properties of the lipase. 25880561 8 16 theme RCL 1117:1119 arg1 secretion 1104:1112 secretion 1104:1112 secretion 1104:1112 The glycan on N-60 played a key role in the expression and secretion of RCL. 25880561 8 16 theme RCL 1117:1119 arg1 expression 1089:1098 expression 1089:1098 expression 1089:1098 The glycan on N-60 played a key role in the expression and secretion of RCL. 25880561 4 17 theme Rhizopus 454:461 arg1 RCL 481:483 RCL 481:483 RCL 481:483 Rhizopus chinensis lipase (RCL) is one of the most important industrial lipases, and it has four potential N-linked glycosylation sites. 25880561 4 17 theme Rhizopus 454:461 arg1 lipase 473:478 Rhizopus chinensis lipase 454:478 Rhizopus chinensis lipase (RCL) 454:484 Rhizopus chinensis lipase (RCL) is one of the most important industrial lipases, and it has four potential N-linked glycosylation sites. 25880561 1 18 used used 196:199 arg2 yeast 162:166 The methylotrophic yeast 143:166 The methylotrophic yeast 143:166 BACKGROUND The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, is widely used as a useful experimental tool in protein engineering and production. 25880561 1 18 used used 196:199 arg2 pastoris 176:183 Pichia pastoris 169:183 Pichia pastoris 169:183 BACKGROUND The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, is widely used as a useful experimental tool in protein engineering and production. 25880561 1 18 used used 196:199 arg2 tool 226:229 a useful experimental tool 204:229 a useful experimental tool in protein engineering and production 204:267 BACKGROUND The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, is widely used as a useful experimental tool in protein engineering and production. 25880561 9 19 theme mRNA 1153:1156 arg1 level 1158:1162 the mRNA level 1149:1162 the mRNA level of proRCLCN60Q 1149:1177 RT-PCR results showed that the mRNA level of proRCLCN60Q remained unchanged even though the protein secretion was hampered. 25880561 6 20 gly N-glycosylated 860:873 arg2 N-14 888:891 N-14 888:891 N-14 888:891 RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that RCL expressed in Pichia pastoris was N-glycosylated at the sites N-14, N-48 and N-60. 25880561 6 20 gly N-glycosylated 860:873 arg1 RCL 823:825 RCL 823:825 RCL expressed in Pichia pastoris 823:854 RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that RCL expressed in Pichia pastoris was N-glycosylated at the sites N-14, N-48 and N-60. 25880561 6 20 gly N-glycosylated 860:873 arg2 sites 882:886 the sites N-14, N-48 and N-60 878:906 the sites N-14, N-48 and N-60 878:906 RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that RCL expressed in Pichia pastoris was N-glycosylated at the sites N-14, N-48 and N-60. 25880561 6 20 gly N-glycosylated 860:873 arg2 N-60 903:906 N-60 903:906 N-60 903:906 RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that RCL expressed in Pichia pastoris was N-glycosylated at the sites N-14, N-48 and N-60. 25880561 6 20 gly N-glycosylated 860:873 arg2 N-48 894:897 N-48 894:897 N-48 894:897 RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that RCL expressed in Pichia pastoris was N-glycosylated at the sites N-14, N-48 and N-60. 25880561 14 21 theme RCL 1702:1704 arg1 N-glycans 1689:1697 The N-glycans 1685:1697 The N-glycans of RCL on the different sites 1685:1727 The N-glycans of RCL on the different sites had different functions for the secretion and enzymatic properties of the lipase. 25880561 0 22 theme enzymatic 52:60 arg1 properties 62:71 enzymatic properties 52:71 enzymatic properties 52:71 Role of N-linked glycosylation in the secretion and enzymatic properties of Rhizopus chinensis lipase expressed in Pichia pastoris. 25880561 11 23 from amount 1407:1412 arg1 N-48 1429:1432 N-48 1429:1432 N-48 1429:1432 On the other hand, the little amount of N-glycan on N-48 had no effect both on the secretion and activity of RCL in P. pastoris. 25880561 11 24 contain had 1434:1436 arg2 effect 1441:1446 no effect 1438:1446 no effect 1438:1446 On the other hand, the little amount of N-glycan on N-48 had no effect both on the secretion and activity of RCL in P. pastoris. 25880561 11 24 contain had 1434:1436 arg1 N-glycan 1417:1424 N-glycan 1417:1424 N-glycan 1417:1424 On the other hand, the little amount of N-glycan on N-48 had no effect both on the secretion and activity of RCL in P. pastoris. 25880561 11 24 contain had 1434:1436 arg1 amount 1407:1412 the little amount 1396:1412 the little amount of N-glycan on N-48 1396:1432 On the other hand, the little amount of N-glycan on N-48 had no effect both on the secretion and activity of RCL in P. pastoris. 25880561 12 25 theme RCL 1548:1550 arg1 analysis 1536:1543 the thermostability analysis 1516:1543 the thermostability analysis of RCL 1516:1550 Moreover, the thermostability analysis of RCL revealed that the lipase with more N-glycan was more thermostable. 25880561 0 26 from Role 0:3 arg1 secretion 38:46 secretion 38:46 secretion 38:46 Role of N-linked glycosylation in the secretion and enzymatic properties of Rhizopus chinensis lipase expressed in Pichia pastoris. 25880561 0 26 from Role 0:3 arg1 properties 62:71 enzymatic properties 52:71 enzymatic properties 52:71 Role of N-linked glycosylation in the secretion and enzymatic properties of Rhizopus chinensis lipase expressed in Pichia pastoris. 25880561 0 27 theme chinensis 85:93 arg1 lipase 95:100 Rhizopus chinensis lipase 76:100 Rhizopus chinensis lipase 76:100 Role of N-linked glycosylation in the secretion and enzymatic properties of Rhizopus chinensis lipase expressed in Pichia pastoris. 25880561 10 28 theme catalytic 1357:1365 arg1 activity 1367:1374 the lipase catalytic activity 1346:1374 the lipase catalytic activity 1346:1374 Although the N-glycan on N-14 had no effect on the secretion of RCL, this glycan was beneficial for the lipase catalytic activity. 25880561 6 29 dep sites 882:886 arg1 N-60 903:906 N-60 903:906 N-60 903:906 RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that RCL expressed in Pichia pastoris was N-glycosylated at the sites N-14, N-48 and N-60. 25880561 6 29 dep sites 882:886 arg1 sites 882:886 the sites N-14, N-48 and N-60 878:906 the sites N-14, N-48 and N-60 878:906 RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that RCL expressed in Pichia pastoris was N-glycosylated at the sites N-14, N-48 and N-60. 25880561 6 29 dep sites 882:886 arg1 N-48 894:897 N-48 894:897 N-48 894:897 RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that RCL expressed in Pichia pastoris was N-glycosylated at the sites N-14, N-48 and N-60. 25880561 6 29 dep sites 882:886 arg1 N-14 888:891 N-14 888:891 N-14 888:891 RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that RCL expressed in Pichia pastoris was N-glycosylated at the sites N-14, N-48 and N-60. 25880561 3 30 theme glycosylation 366:378 arg1 studies 380:386 glycosylation studies 366:386 glycosylation studies in P. pastoris 366:401 In recent years, glycosylation studies in P. pastoris have attracted increasing attention from scholars. 25880561 14 31 theme lipase 1803:1808 arg1 secretion 1761:1769 secretion 1761:1769 secretion 1761:1769 The N-glycans of RCL on the different sites had different functions for the secretion and enzymatic properties of the lipase. 25880561 14 31 theme lipase 1803:1808 arg1 properties 1785:1794 enzymatic properties 1775:1794 enzymatic properties 1775:1794 The N-glycans of RCL on the different sites had different functions for the secretion and enzymatic properties of the lipase. 25880561 7 32 dep sites 929:933 arg1 N-14 935:938 N-14 935:938 N-14 935:938 The majority of the sites N-14 and N-60 were glycosylated, but the glycosylation degree of the site N-48 was only a very small portion. 25880561 7 32 dep sites 929:933 arg1 sites 929:933 the sites N-14 and N-60 925:947 the sites N-14 and N-60 925:947 The majority of the sites N-14 and N-60 were glycosylated, but the glycosylation degree of the site N-48 was only a very small portion. 25880561 7 32 dep sites 929:933 arg1 N-60 944:947 N-60 944:947 N-60 944:947 The majority of the sites N-14 and N-60 were glycosylated, but the glycosylation degree of the site N-48 was only a very small portion. 25880561 0 33 theme N-linked 8:15 arg1 glycosylation 17:29 N-linked glycosylation 8:29 N-linked glycosylation 8:29 Role of N-linked glycosylation in the secretion and enzymatic properties of Rhizopus chinensis lipase expressed in Pichia pastoris. 25880561 15 34 theme enzyme 1882:1887 arg1 expression 1889:1898 enzyme expression 1882:1898 enzyme expression 1882:1898 Our report may also provide theoretical support for the improvement of enzyme expression and stability based on the N-linked glycosylation modification to meet the future needs of the biotechnological industry. 25880561 10 35 from N-glycan 1259:1266 arg1 N-14 1271:1274 N-14 1271:1274 N-14 1271:1274 Although the N-glycan on N-14 had no effect on the secretion of RCL, this glycan was beneficial for the lipase catalytic activity. 25880561 11 36 from secretion 1460:1468 arg1 pastoris 1496:1503 P. pastoris 1493:1503 P. pastoris 1493:1503 On the other hand, the little amount of N-glycan on N-48 had no effect both on the secretion and activity of RCL in P. pastoris. 25880561 0 37 dep secretion 38:46 arg1 the 34:36 the 34:36 the 34:36 Role of N-linked glycosylation in the secretion and enzymatic properties of Rhizopus chinensis lipase expressed in Pichia pastoris. 25880561 7 38 gly glycosylated 954:965 arg1 majority 913:920 The majority 909:920 The majority of the sites N-14 and N-60 909:947 The majority of the sites N-14 and N-60 were glycosylated, but the glycosylation degree of the site N-48 was only a very small portion. 25880561 5 39 link asparagine-linked 659:675 arg1 glycosylation 688:700 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 659:700 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 659:700 The aim of the present study was to determine whether RCL undergoes asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and to examine the role of this modification in RCL expression and function. 25880561 0 40 gly glycosylation 17:29 arg1 lipase 95:100 Rhizopus chinensis lipase 76:100 Rhizopus chinensis lipase 76:100 Role of N-linked glycosylation in the secretion and enzymatic properties of Rhizopus chinensis lipase expressed in Pichia pastoris. 25880561 4 41 theme industrial 515:524 arg1 lipases 526:532 the most important industrial lipases 496:532 the most important industrial lipases 496:532 Rhizopus chinensis lipase (RCL) is one of the most important industrial lipases, and it has four potential N-linked glycosylation sites. 25880561 1 42 theme useful 206:211 arg1 tool 226:229 a useful experimental tool 204:229 a useful experimental tool in protein engineering and production 204:267 BACKGROUND The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, is widely used as a useful experimental tool in protein engineering and production. 25880561 1 42 theme useful 206:211 arg1 yeast 162:166 The methylotrophic yeast 143:166 The methylotrophic yeast 143:166 BACKGROUND The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, is widely used as a useful experimental tool in protein engineering and production. 25880561 1 43 theme methylotrophic 147:160 arg1 tool 226:229 a useful experimental tool 204:229 a useful experimental tool in protein engineering and production 204:267 BACKGROUND The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, is widely used as a useful experimental tool in protein engineering and production. 25880561 1 43 theme methylotrophic 147:160 arg1 yeast 162:166 The methylotrophic yeast 143:166 The methylotrophic yeast 143:166 BACKGROUND The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, is widely used as a useful experimental tool in protein engineering and production. 25880561 1 43 theme methylotrophic 147:160 arg1 pastoris 176:183 Pichia pastoris 169:183 Pichia pastoris 169:183 BACKGROUND The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, is widely used as a useful experimental tool in protein engineering and production. 25880561 14 44 theme enzymatic 1775:1783 arg1 properties 1785:1794 enzymatic properties 1775:1794 enzymatic properties 1775:1794 The N-glycans of RCL on the different sites had different functions for the secretion and enzymatic properties of the lipase. 25880561 13 45 theme P. 1672:1673 arg1 pastoris 1675:1682 P. pastoris 1672:1682 P. pastoris 1672:1682 CONCLUSIONS RCL was N-glycosylated when expressed in P. pastoris. 25880561 5 46 theme modification 734:745 arg1 role 721:724 the role 717:724 the role of this modification in RCL expression and function 717:776 The aim of the present study was to determine whether RCL undergoes asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and to examine the role of this modification in RCL expression and function. 25880561 5 47 link N-linked 678:685 arg1 glycosylation 688:700 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 659:700 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 659:700 The aim of the present study was to determine whether RCL undergoes asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and to examine the role of this modification in RCL expression and function. 25880561 7 48 theme small 1030:1034 arg1 portion 1036:1042 only a very small portion 1018:1042 only a very small portion 1018:1042 The majority of the sites N-14 and N-60 were glycosylated, but the glycosylation degree of the site N-48 was only a very small portion. 25880561 7 48 theme small 1030:1034 arg1 degree 990:995 the glycosylation degree 972:995 the glycosylation degree of the site N-48 972:1012 The majority of the sites N-14 and N-60 were glycosylated, but the glycosylation degree of the site N-48 was only a very small portion. 25880561 11 49 theme N-glycan 1417:1424 arg1 N-glycan 1417:1424 N-glycan 1417:1424 N-glycan 1417:1424 On the other hand, the little amount of N-glycan on N-48 had no effect both on the secretion and activity of RCL in P. pastoris. 25880561 11 49 theme N-glycan 1417:1424 arg1 amount 1407:1412 the little amount 1396:1412 the little amount of N-glycan on N-48 1396:1432 On the other hand, the little amount of N-glycan on N-48 had no effect both on the secretion and activity of RCL in P. pastoris. 25880561 14 50 from N-glycans 1689:1697 arg1 sites 1723:1727 the different sites 1709:1727 the different sites 1709:1727 The N-glycans of RCL on the different sites had different functions for the secretion and enzymatic properties of the lipase. 25880561 4 51 theme N-linked 561:568 arg1 sites 584:588 four potential N-linked glycosylation sites 546:588 four potential N-linked glycosylation sites 546:588 Rhizopus chinensis lipase (RCL) is one of the most important industrial lipases, and it has four potential N-linked glycosylation sites. 25880561 1 52 theme Pichia 169:174 arg1 yeast 162:166 The methylotrophic yeast 143:166 The methylotrophic yeast 143:166 BACKGROUND The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, is widely used as a useful experimental tool in protein engineering and production. 25880561 1 52 theme Pichia 169:174 arg1 pastoris 176:183 Pichia pastoris 169:183 Pichia pastoris 169:183 BACKGROUND The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, is widely used as a useful experimental tool in protein engineering and production. 25880561 12 53 theme more 1582:1585 arg1 N-glycan 1587:1594 more N-glycan 1582:1594 more N-glycan 1582:1594 Moreover, the thermostability analysis of RCL revealed that the lipase with more N-glycan was more thermostable. 25880561 5 54 theme present 606:612 arg1 study 614:618 the present study 602:618 the present study 602:618 The aim of the present study was to determine whether RCL undergoes asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and to examine the role of this modification in RCL expression and function. 25880561 10 55 theme RCL 1310:1312 arg1 secretion 1297:1305 the secretion 1293:1305 the secretion of RCL 1293:1312 Although the N-glycan on N-14 had no effect on the secretion of RCL, this glycan was beneficial for the lipase catalytic activity. 25880561 11 56 from activity 1474:1481 arg1 pastoris 1496:1503 P. pastoris 1493:1503 P. pastoris 1493:1503 On the other hand, the little amount of N-glycan on N-48 had no effect both on the secretion and activity of RCL in P. pastoris. 25880561 6 57 dep RESULTS 779:785 arg1 demonstrated 805:816 demonstrated 805:816 demonstrated that RCL expressed in Pichia pastoris was N-glycosylated at the sites N-14, N-48 and N-60 805:906 RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that RCL expressed in Pichia pastoris was N-glycosylated at the sites N-14, N-48 and N-60. 25880561 5 58 theme N-linked 678:685 arg1 glycosylation 688:700 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 659:700 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 659:700 The aim of the present study was to determine whether RCL undergoes asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and to examine the role of this modification in RCL expression and function. 25880561 9 59 theme RT-PCR 1122:1127 arg1 results 1129:1135 RT-PCR results 1122:1135 RT-PCR results 1122:1135 RT-PCR results showed that the mRNA level of proRCLCN60Q remained unchanged even though the protein secretion was hampered. 25880561 15 60 theme biotechnological 1995:2010 arg1 industry 2012:2019 the biotechnological industry 1991:2019 the biotechnological industry 1991:2019 Our report may also provide theoretical support for the improvement of enzyme expression and stability based on the N-linked glycosylation modification to meet the future needs of the biotechnological industry. 25880561 11 61 dep secretion 1460:1468 arg1 the 1456:1458 the 1456:1458 the 1456:1458 On the other hand, the little amount of N-glycan on N-48 had no effect both on the secretion and activity of RCL in P. pastoris. 25880561 5 62 from role 721:724 arg1 function 769:776 function 769:776 function 769:776 The aim of the present study was to determine whether RCL undergoes asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and to examine the role of this modification in RCL expression and function. 25880561 5 62 from role 721:724 arg1 expression 754:763 RCL expression 750:763 RCL expression 750:763 The aim of the present study was to determine whether RCL undergoes asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and to examine the role of this modification in RCL expression and function. 25880561 4 63 theme chinensis 463:471 arg1 RCL 481:483 RCL 481:483 RCL 481:483 Rhizopus chinensis lipase (RCL) is one of the most important industrial lipases, and it has four potential N-linked glycosylation sites. 25880561 4 63 theme chinensis 463:471 arg1 lipase 473:478 Rhizopus chinensis lipase 454:478 Rhizopus chinensis lipase (RCL) 454:484 Rhizopus chinensis lipase (RCL) is one of the most important industrial lipases, and it has four potential N-linked glycosylation sites. 25880561 7 64 theme glycosylation 976:988 arg1 portion 1036:1042 only a very small portion 1018:1042 only a very small portion 1018:1042 The majority of the sites N-14 and N-60 were glycosylated, but the glycosylation degree of the site N-48 was only a very small portion. 25880561 7 64 theme glycosylation 976:988 arg1 degree 990:995 the glycosylation degree 972:995 the glycosylation degree of the site N-48 972:1012 The majority of the sites N-14 and N-60 were glycosylated, but the glycosylation degree of the site N-48 was only a very small portion. 25880561 14 65 theme different 1713:1721 arg1 sites 1723:1727 the different sites 1709:1727 the different sites 1709:1727 The N-glycans of RCL on the different sites had different functions for the secretion and enzymatic properties of the lipase. 25880561 7 66 theme site 1004:1007 arg1 N-48 1009:1012 the site N-48 1000:1012 the site N-48 1000:1012 The majority of the sites N-14 and N-60 were glycosylated, but the glycosylation degree of the site N-48 was only a very small portion. 25880561 5 67 theme asparagine-linked 659:675 arg1 glycosylation 688:700 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 659:700 asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation 659:700 The aim of the present study was to determine whether RCL undergoes asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and to examine the role of this modification in RCL expression and function. 25880561 1 68 dep protein 234:240 arg1 engineering 242:252 engineering 242:252 engineering 242:252 BACKGROUND The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, is widely used as a useful experimental tool in protein engineering and production. 25880561 1 68 dep protein 234:240 arg1 production 258:267 production 258:267 production 258:267 BACKGROUND The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, is widely used as a useful experimental tool in protein engineering and production. 25880561 5 69 gly glycosylation 688:700 arg1 RCL 645:647 RCL 645:647 RCL 645:647 The aim of the present study was to determine whether RCL undergoes asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and to examine the role of this modification in RCL expression and function. 25880561 9 70 theme proRCLCN60Q 1167:1177 arg1 level 1158:1162 the mRNA level 1149:1162 the mRNA level of proRCLCN60Q 1149:1177 RT-PCR results showed that the mRNA level of proRCLCN60Q remained unchanged even though the protein secretion was hampered. 25880561 0 71 theme Rhizopus 76:83 arg1 lipase 95:100 Rhizopus chinensis lipase 76:100 Rhizopus chinensis lipase 76:100 Role of N-linked glycosylation in the secretion and enzymatic properties of Rhizopus chinensis lipase expressed in Pichia pastoris. 25880561 7 72 theme sites 929:933 arg1 majority 913:920 The majority 909:920 The majority of the sites N-14 and N-60 909:947 The majority of the sites N-14 and N-60 were glycosylated, but the glycosylation degree of the site N-48 was only a very small portion. 25880561 12 73 theme thermostability 1520:1534 arg1 analysis 1536:1543 the thermostability analysis 1516:1543 the thermostability analysis of RCL 1516:1550 Moreover, the thermostability analysis of RCL revealed that the lipase with more N-glycan was more thermostable. 25880561 0 74 theme Pichia 115:120 arg1 pastoris 122:129 Pichia pastoris 115:129 Pichia pastoris 115:129 Role of N-linked glycosylation in the secretion and enzymatic properties of Rhizopus chinensis lipase expressed in Pichia pastoris. 25880561 11 75 theme other 1384:1388 arg1 hand 1390:1393 the other hand 1380:1393 the other hand 1380:1393 On the other hand, the little amount of N-glycan on N-48 had no effect both on the secretion and activity of RCL in P. pastoris. 25880561 14 76 contain had 1729:1731 arg1 N-glycans 1689:1697 The N-glycans 1685:1697 The N-glycans of RCL on the different sites 1685:1727 The N-glycans of RCL on the different sites had different functions for the secretion and enzymatic properties of the lipase. 25880561 14 76 contain had 1729:1731 arg2 functions 1743:1751 different functions 1733:1751 different functions for the secretion and enzymatic properties of the lipase 1733:1808 The N-glycans of RCL on the different sites had different functions for the secretion and enzymatic properties of the lipase. 25880561 0 77 theme lipase 95:100 arg1 secretion 38:46 secretion 38:46 secretion 38:46 Role of N-linked glycosylation in the secretion and enzymatic properties of Rhizopus chinensis lipase expressed in Pichia pastoris. 25880561 0 77 theme lipase 95:100 arg1 properties 62:71 enzymatic properties 52:71 enzymatic properties 52:71 Role of N-linked glycosylation in the secretion and enzymatic properties of Rhizopus chinensis lipase expressed in Pichia pastoris. 25880561 12 78 with lipase 1570:1575 arg1 N-glycan 1587:1594 more N-glycan 1582:1594 more N-glycan 1582:1594 Moreover, the thermostability analysis of RCL revealed that the lipase with more N-glycan was more thermostable. 25880561 3 79 theme recent 352:357 arg1 years 359:363 recent years 352:363 recent years 352:363 In recent years, glycosylation studies in P. pastoris have attracted increasing attention from scholars. 25880561 1 80 dep BACKGROUND 132:141 arg1 used 196:199 used 196:199 is widely used as a useful experimental tool in protein engineering and production 186:267 BACKGROUND The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, is widely used as a useful experimental tool in protein engineering and production. 25880561 9 81 theme protein 1214:1220 arg1 secretion 1222:1230 the protein secretion 1210:1230 the protein secretion 1210:1230 RT-PCR results showed that the mRNA level of proRCLCN60Q remained unchanged even though the protein secretion was hampered. 25880561 15 82 theme industry 2012:2019 arg1 future 1975:1980 future 1975:1980 future 1975:1980 Our report may also provide theoretical support for the improvement of enzyme expression and stability based on the N-linked glycosylation modification to meet the future needs of the biotechnological industry. 25880561 15 83 theme stability 1904:1912 arg1 improvement 1867:1877 the improvement 1863:1877 the improvement of enzyme expression and stability based on the N-linked glycosylation modification to meet the future needs of the biotechnological industry 1863:2019 Our report may also provide theoretical support for the improvement of enzyme expression and stability based on the N-linked glycosylation modification to meet the future needs of the biotechnological industry. 25880561 10 84 theme lipase 1350:1355 arg1 activity 1367:1374 the lipase catalytic activity 1346:1374 the lipase catalytic activity 1346:1374 Although the N-glycan on N-14 had no effect on the secretion of RCL, this glycan was beneficial for the lipase catalytic activity. 25880561 3 85 from studies 380:386 arg1 pastoris 394:401 P. pastoris 391:401 P. pastoris 391:401 In recent years, glycosylation studies in P. pastoris have attracted increasing attention from scholars. 25880561 15 86 theme expression 1889:1898 arg1 improvement 1867:1877 the improvement 1863:1877 the improvement of enzyme expression and stability based on the N-linked glycosylation modification to meet the future needs of the biotechnological industry 1863:2019 Our report may also provide theoretical support for the improvement of enzyme expression and stability based on the N-linked glycosylation modification to meet the future needs of the biotechnological industry. 25880561 15 87 dep future 1975:1980 arg1 needs 1982:1986 needs 1982:1986 needs 1982:1986 Our report may also provide theoretical support for the improvement of enzyme expression and stability based on the N-linked glycosylation modification to meet the future needs of the biotechnological industry. 25880561 3 88 theme increasing 418:427 arg1 attention 429:437 increasing attention 418:437 increasing attention 418:437 In recent years, glycosylation studies in P. pastoris have attracted increasing attention from scholars. 25880561 0 89 theme glycosylation 17:29 arg1 Role 0:3 Role 0:3 Role of N-linked glycosylation in the secretion and enzymatic properties of Rhizopus chinensis lipase 0:100 Role of N-linked glycosylation in the secretion and enzymatic properties of Rhizopus chinensis lipase expressed in Pichia pastoris. 25880561 4 90 gly glycosylation 570:582 arg2 four 546:549 four 546:549 four 546:549 Rhizopus chinensis lipase (RCL) is one of the most important industrial lipases, and it has four potential N-linked glycosylation sites. 25880561 4 90 gly glycosylation 570:582 arg2 sites 584:588 four potential N-linked glycosylation sites 546:588 four potential N-linked glycosylation sites 546:588 Rhizopus chinensis lipase (RCL) is one of the most important industrial lipases, and it has four potential N-linked glycosylation sites. 25880561 5 91 theme RCL 750:752 arg1 expression 754:763 RCL expression 750:763 RCL expression 750:763 The aim of the present study was to determine whether RCL undergoes asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and to examine the role of this modification in RCL expression and function. 25880561 15 92 theme glycosylation 1936:1948 arg1 modification 1950:1961 the N-linked glycosylation modification 1923:1961 the N-linked glycosylation modification to meet the future needs of the biotechnological industry 1923:2019 Our report may also provide theoretical support for the improvement of enzyme expression and stability based on the N-linked glycosylation modification to meet the future needs of the biotechnological industry. 25880561 4 93 theme important 505:513 arg1 lipases 526:532 the most important industrial lipases 496:532 the most important industrial lipases 496:532 Rhizopus chinensis lipase (RCL) is one of the most important industrial lipases, and it has four potential N-linked glycosylation sites. 25880561 14 94 dep secretion 1761:1769 arg1 the 1757:1759 the 1757:1759 the 1757:1759 The N-glycans of RCL on the different sites had different functions for the secretion and enzymatic properties of the lipase. 25880561 8 95 from glycan 1049:1054 arg1 N-60 1059:1062 N-60 1059:1062 N-60 1059:1062 The glycan on N-60 played a key role in the expression and secretion of RCL. 25880561 4 96 theme lipases 526:532 arg1 one 489:491 one 489:491 one 489:491 Rhizopus chinensis lipase (RCL) is one of the most important industrial lipases, and it has four potential N-linked glycosylation sites. 25880561 4 96 theme lipases 526:532 arg1 lipases 526:532 the most important industrial lipases 496:532 the most important industrial lipases 496:532 Rhizopus chinensis lipase (RCL) is one of the most important industrial lipases, and it has four potential N-linked glycosylation sites. 25880561 15 97 theme theoretical 1839:1849 arg1 support 1851:1857 theoretical support 1839:1857 theoretical support for the improvement of enzyme expression and stability based on the N-linked glycosylation modification to meet the future needs of the biotechnological industry 1839:2019 Our report may also provide theoretical support for the improvement of enzyme expression and stability based on the N-linked glycosylation modification to meet the future needs of the biotechnological industry. 25880561 10 98 contain had 1276:1278 arg2 effect 1283:1288 no effect 1280:1288 no effect 1280:1288 Although the N-glycan on N-14 had no effect on the secretion of RCL, this glycan was beneficial for the lipase catalytic activity. 25880561 10 98 contain had 1276:1278 arg1 N-glycan 1259:1266 the N-glycan 1255:1266 the N-glycan on N-14 1255:1274 Although the N-glycan on N-14 had no effect on the secretion of RCL, this glycan was beneficial for the lipase catalytic activity. 25880561 4 99 link N-linked 561:568 arg1 sites 584:588 four potential N-linked glycosylation sites 546:588 four potential N-linked glycosylation sites 546:588 Rhizopus chinensis lipase (RCL) is one of the most important industrial lipases, and it has four potential N-linked glycosylation sites. 25880561 1 100 theme experimental 213:224 arg1 tool 226:229 a useful experimental tool 204:229 a useful experimental tool in protein engineering and production 204:267 BACKGROUND The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, is widely used as a useful experimental tool in protein engineering and production. 25880561 1 100 theme experimental 213:224 arg1 yeast 162:166 The methylotrophic yeast 143:166 The methylotrophic yeast 143:166 BACKGROUND The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, is widely used as a useful experimental tool in protein engineering and production. 25880561 15 101 theme N-linked 1927:1934 arg1 glycosylation 1936:1948 the N-linked glycosylation 1923:1948 the N-linked glycosylation modification to meet the future needs of the biotechnological industry 1923:2019 Our report may also provide theoretical support for the improvement of enzyme expression and stability based on the N-linked glycosylation modification to meet the future needs of the biotechnological industry. 25880561 5 102 mod modification 734:745 arg1 RCL 750:752 RCL expression 750:763 RCL expression 750:763 The aim of the present study was to determine whether RCL undergoes asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation and to examine the role of this modification in RCL expression and function. 27902319 11 0 theme Gramella 1472:1479 arg1 23547T 1500:1505 Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T 1472:1505 Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T 1472:1505 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 16 1 dep gaetbulicolaCho 1925:1939 arg1 al. 1944:1946 Gramella gaetbulicolaCho et al. 1916:1946 Gramella gaetbulicolaCho et al. 2011 1916:1951 An emended description of Gramella gaetbulicolaCho et al. 2011 is also proposed. 27902319 9 2 theme iso-C15  1101:1108 arg1 iso-C15  1101:1108 iso-C15  1101:1108 iso-C15  1101:1108 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 9 2 theme iso-C15  1101:1108 arg1 amounts 1090:1096 smaller amounts 1082:1096 smaller amounts of iso-C15  1082:1108 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 9 3 dep iso-C15  1015:1022 arg1  0 1024:1025  0 1024:1025  0 1024:1025 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 9 3 dep iso-C15  1015:1022 arg1 iso-C15  1015:1022 iso-C15  1015:1022 iso-C15  1015:1022 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 9 3 dep iso-C15  1015:1022 arg1 acids 1004:1008 The predominant fatty acids 982:1008 The predominant fatty acids 982:1008 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 9 3 dep iso-C15  1015:1022 arg1 iso-C17  1028:1035 iso-C17  1028:1035 iso-C17  1028:1035 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 9 4 theme predominant 986:996 arg1  0 1024:1025  0 1024:1025  0 1024:1025 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 9 4 theme predominant 986:996 arg1 iso-C15  1015:1022 iso-C15  1015:1022 iso-C15  1015:1022 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 9 4 theme predominant 986:996 arg1 acids 1004:1008 The predominant fatty acids 982:1008 The predominant fatty acids 982:1008 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 2 5 theme North 282:286 arg1 Helgoland 271:279 Helgoland 271:279 Helgoland 271:279 Strain KT0803T was isolated from coastal eutrophic surface waters of Helgoland Roads near the island of Helgoland, North Sea, Germany. 27902319 2 5 theme North 282:286 arg1 Sea 288:290 North Sea 282:290 North Sea 282:290 Strain KT0803T was isolated from coastal eutrophic surface waters of Helgoland Roads near the island of Helgoland, North Sea, Germany. 27902319 9 6 dep  0 1024:1025 arg1 2-OH 1113:1116  0 2-OH 1110:1116  0 2-OH 1110:1116 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 9 6 dep  0 1024:1025 arg1  1ω7c 1051:1055  1ω7c 1051:1055  1ω7c 1051:1055 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 9 6 dep  0 1024:1025 arg1 anteiso-C15  1128:1139 anteiso-C15  1128:1139 anteiso-C15  1128:1139 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 9 6 dep  0 1024:1025 arg1  0 1141:1142  0 1141:1142  0 1141:1142 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 9 6 dep  0 1024:1025 arg1 C15  1119:1122 C15  1119:1122 C15  1119:1122 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 9 6 dep  0 1024:1025 arg1 iso-C17  1061:1068 iso-C17  1061:1068 iso-C17  1061:1068 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 9 6 dep  0 1024:1025 arg1  0 1124:1125  0 1124:1125  0 1124:1125 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 9 6 dep  0 1024:1025 arg1  1ω7c 1070:1074  1ω7c 1070:1074  1ω7c 1070:1074 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 9 6 dep  0 1024:1025 arg1 C17  1148:1151 C17  1148:1151 C17  1148:1151 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 9 6 dep  0 1024:1025 arg1 C16  1046:1049 C16  1046:1049 C16  1046:1049 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 9 6 dep  0 1024:1025 arg1  1ω6c 1153:1157  1ω6c 1153:1157  1ω6c 1153:1157 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 13 7 theme genus 1787:1791 arg1 Gramella 1793:1800 the genus Gramella 1783:1800 the genus Gramella 1783:1800 Based on the chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genomic characteristics, strain KT0803T has been assigned to the genus Gramella, as Gramella forsetii sp. 27902319 1 8 dep nov. 37:40 arg1 2011 161:164 2011 161:164 2011 161:164 nov., a marine Flavobacteriaceae isolated from North Sea water, and emended description of Gramella gaetbulicola Cho et al. 2011. 27902319 1 9 attach isolated 70:77 arg1 water 94:98 North Sea water 84:98 North Sea water 84:98 nov., a marine Flavobacteriaceae isolated from North Sea water, and emended description of Gramella gaetbulicola Cho et al. 2011. 27902319 1 9 attach isolated 70:77 arg2 Flavobacteriaceae 52:68 a marine Flavobacteriaceae 43:68 a marine Flavobacteriaceae isolated from North Sea water 43:98 nov., a marine Flavobacteriaceae isolated from North Sea water, and emended description of Gramella gaetbulicola Cho et al. 2011. 27902319 2 10 theme Helgoland 271:279 arg1 island 261:266 the island 257:266 the island of Helgoland, North Sea, Germany 257:299 Strain KT0803T was isolated from coastal eutrophic surface waters of Helgoland Roads near the island of Helgoland, North Sea, Germany. 27902319 11 11 theme Gramella 1309:1316 arg1 23082T 1335:1340 Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T 1309:1340 Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T 1309:1340 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 4 12 theme carotenoid 611:620 arg1 pigments 622:629 orange-yellow carotenoid pigments 597:629 orange-yellow carotenoid pigments 597:629 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 11 13 theme gene 1223:1226 arg1 identities 1237:1246 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities 1210:1246 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities 1210:1246 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 2 14 theme eutrophic 208:216 arg1 waters 226:231 coastal eutrophic surface waters 200:231 coastal eutrophic surface waters of Helgoland Roads near the island of Helgoland, North Sea, Germany 200:299 Strain KT0803T was isolated from coastal eutrophic surface waters of Helgoland Roads near the island of Helgoland, North Sea, Germany. 27902319 11 15 theme 16S 1214:1216 arg1 rRNA 1218:1221 The 16S rRNA 1210:1221 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities 1210:1246 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 12 16 with KT0803T 1607:1613 arg1 identity 1668:1675 >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 1637:1675 >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 1637:1675 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were <35 % between strain KT0803T and type strains with >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity. 27902319 11 17 dep Gramella 1265:1272 arg1 echinicola 1274:1283 echinicola 1274:1283 echinicola 1274:1283 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 13 18 theme strain 1747:1752 arg1 sp 1824:1825 Gramella forsetii sp 1806:1825 Gramella forsetii sp 1806:1825 Based on the chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genomic characteristics, strain KT0803T has been assigned to the genus Gramella, as Gramella forsetii sp. 27902319 13 18 theme strain 1747:1752 arg1 KT0803T 1754:1760 strain KT0803T 1747:1760 strain KT0803T 1747:1760 Based on the chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genomic characteristics, strain KT0803T has been assigned to the genus Gramella, as Gramella forsetii sp. 27902319 2 19 theme Helgoland 236:244 arg1 Roads 246:250 Helgoland Roads 236:250 Helgoland Roads near the island of Helgoland, North Sea, Germany 236:299 Strain KT0803T was isolated from coastal eutrophic surface waters of Helgoland Roads near the island of Helgoland, North Sea, Germany. 27902319 12 20 theme relatedness 1562:1572 arg1 values 1574:1579 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 1550:1579 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 1550:1579 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were <35 % between strain KT0803T and type strains with >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity. 27902319 12 20 theme relatedness 1562:1572 arg1 % 1590:1590 <35 % 1586:1590 <35 % 1586:1590 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were <35 % between strain KT0803T and type strains with >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity. 27902319 1 21 theme Gramella 128:135 arg1 Cho 150:152 Gramella gaetbulicola Cho 128:152 Gramella gaetbulicola Cho et al. 128:159 nov., a marine Flavobacteriaceae isolated from North Sea water, and emended description of Gramella gaetbulicola Cho et al. 2011. 27902319 1 22 theme Cho 150:152 arg1 Flavobacteriaceae 52:68 a marine Flavobacteriaceae 43:68 a marine Flavobacteriaceae isolated from North Sea water 43:98 nov., a marine Flavobacteriaceae isolated from North Sea water, and emended description of Gramella gaetbulicola Cho et al. 2011. 27902319 1 22 theme Cho 150:152 arg1 description 113:123 emended description 105:123 emended description of Gramella gaetbulicola Cho et al. 105:159 nov., a marine Flavobacteriaceae isolated from North Sea water, and emended description of Gramella gaetbulicola Cho et al. 2011. 27902319 1 22 theme Cho 150:152 arg1 nov. 37:40 nov. 37:40 nov. 37:40 nov., a marine Flavobacteriaceae isolated from North Sea water, and emended description of Gramella gaetbulicola Cho et al. 2011. 27902319 1 23 theme marine 45:50 arg1 Flavobacteriaceae 52:68 a marine Flavobacteriaceae 43:68 a marine Flavobacteriaceae isolated from North Sea water 43:98 nov., a marine Flavobacteriaceae isolated from North Sea water, and emended description of Gramella gaetbulicola Cho et al. 2011. 27902319 3 24 theme taxonomic 306:314 arg1 position 316:323 The taxonomic position 302:323 The taxonomic position 302:323 The taxonomic position of the strain, previously known as 'Gramella forsetii' KT0803, was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 27902319 10 25 theme G+C 1164:1166 arg1 % 1207:1207 36.6 mol% 1199:1207 36.6 mol% 1199:1207 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.6 mol%. 27902319 10 25 theme G+C 1164:1166 arg1 content 1168:1174 The G+C content 1160:1174 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1160:1193 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.6 mol%. 27902319 15 26 theme 17595T=CGMCC 1866:1877 arg1 KT0803T 1852:1858 KT0803T 1852:1858 KT0803T (=DSM 17595T=CGMCC 1.15422T) 1852:1887 The type strain is KT0803T (=DSM 17595T=CGMCC 1.15422T). 27902319 15 26 theme 17595T=CGMCC 1866:1877 arg1 1.15422T 1879:1886 =DSM 17595T=CGMCC 1.15422T 1861:1886 =DSM 17595T=CGMCC 1.15422T 1861:1886 The type strain is KT0803T (=DSM 17595T=CGMCC 1.15422T). 27902319 2 27 attach isolated 186:193 arg2 KT0803T 174:180 Strain KT0803T 167:180 Strain KT0803T 167:180 Strain KT0803T was isolated from coastal eutrophic surface waters of Helgoland Roads near the island of Helgoland, North Sea, Germany. 27902319 2 27 attach isolated 186:193 arg1 waters 226:231 coastal eutrophic surface waters 200:231 coastal eutrophic surface waters of Helgoland Roads near the island of Helgoland, North Sea, Germany 200:299 Strain KT0803T was isolated from coastal eutrophic surface waters of Helgoland Roads near the island of Helgoland, North Sea, Germany. 27902319 3 28 dep Gramella 361:368 arg1 KT0803 380:385 KT0803 380:385 KT0803 380:385 The taxonomic position of the strain, previously known as 'Gramella forsetii' KT0803, was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 27902319 11 29 dep Gramella 1472:1479 arg1 portivictoriae 1481:1494 portivictoriae 1481:1494 portivictoriae 1481:1494 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 1 30 theme North 84:88 arg1 water 94:98 North Sea water 84:98 North Sea water 84:98 nov., a marine Flavobacteriaceae isolated from North Sea water, and emended description of Gramella gaetbulicola Cho et al. 2011. 27902319 3 31 theme strain 332:337 arg1 position 316:323 The taxonomic position 302:323 The taxonomic position 302:323 The taxonomic position of the strain, previously known as 'Gramella forsetii' KT0803, was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 27902319 10 32 theme genomic 1183:1189 arg1 DNA 1191:1193 the genomic DNA 1179:1193 the genomic DNA 1179:1193 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.6 mol%. 27902319 0 33 theme Gramella 15:22 arg1 sp 33:34 Gramella forsetii sp 15:34 Gramella forsetii sp 15:34 Description of Gramella forsetii sp. 27902319 11 34 with % 1430:1430 arg1 YJ019T 1452:1457 Gramella lutea YJ019T 1437:1457 Gramella lutea YJ019T 1437:1457 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 34 with % 1430:1430 arg1 19838T 1289:1294 Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T 1265:1294 Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T 1265:1294 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 34 with % 1430:1430 arg1 HJM-19T 1416:1422 HJM-19T 1416:1422 HJM-19T 1416:1422 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 34 with % 1430:1430 arg1 aestuariivivens 1364:1378 aestuariivivens 1364:1378 aestuariivivens 1364:1378 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 34 with % 1430:1430 arg1 23547T 1500:1505 Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T 1472:1505 Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T 1472:1505 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 34 with % 1430:1430 arg1 23082T 1335:1340 Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T 1309:1340 Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T 1309:1340 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 34 with % 1430:1430 arg1 6048T 1543:1547 6048T 1543:1547 6048T 1543:1547 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 35 with % 1258:1258 arg1 YJ019T 1452:1457 Gramella lutea YJ019T 1437:1457 Gramella lutea YJ019T 1437:1457 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 35 with % 1258:1258 arg1 19838T 1289:1294 Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T 1265:1294 Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T 1265:1294 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 35 with % 1258:1258 arg1 HJM-19T 1416:1422 HJM-19T 1416:1422 HJM-19T 1416:1422 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 35 with % 1258:1258 arg1 aestuariivivens 1364:1378 aestuariivivens 1364:1378 aestuariivivens 1364:1378 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 35 with % 1258:1258 arg1 23547T 1500:1505 Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T 1472:1505 Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T 1472:1505 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 35 with % 1258:1258 arg1 23082T 1335:1340 Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T 1309:1340 Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T 1309:1340 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 35 with % 1258:1258 arg1 6048T 1543:1547 6048T 1543:1547 6048T 1543:1547 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 0 36 theme sp 33:34 arg1 Description 0:10 Description 0:10 Description of Gramella forsetii sp. 0:35 Description of Gramella forsetii sp. 27902319 12 37 theme 16S 1645:1647 arg1 identity 1668:1675 >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 1637:1675 >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 1637:1675 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were <35 % between strain KT0803T and type strains with >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity. 27902319 4 38 contain had 593:595 arg1 rod-shaped 559:568 rod-shaped 559:568 rod-shaped 559:568 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 4 38 contain had 593:595 arg1 Gram-stain-negative 452:470 Gram-stain-negative 452:470 Gram-stain-negative 452:470 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 4 38 contain had 593:595 arg2 pigments 622:629 orange-yellow carotenoid pigments 597:629 orange-yellow carotenoid pigments 597:629 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 4 38 contain had 593:595 arg1 aerobic 518:524 aerobic 518:524 aerobic 518:524 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 4 38 contain had 593:595 arg1 negative 640:647 negative 640:647 negative 640:647 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 4 38 contain had 593:595 arg1 oxidase- 527:534 oxidase- 527:534 oxidase- 527:534 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 4 38 contain had 593:595 arg1 motile 571:576 motile 571:576 motile 571:576 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 4 38 contain had 593:595 arg1 chemo-organotrophic 473:491 chemo-organotrophic 473:491 chemo-organotrophic 473:491 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 4 38 contain had 593:595 arg1 heterotrophic 494:506 heterotrophic 494:506 heterotrophic 494:506 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 4 38 contain had 593:595 arg1 catalase-positive 540:556 catalase-positive 540:556 catalase-positive 540:556 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 4 38 contain had 593:595 arg1 strain 441:446 The strain 437:446 The strain 437:446 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 12 39 theme sequence 1659:1666 arg1 identity 1668:1675 >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 1637:1675 >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 1637:1675 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were <35 % between strain KT0803T and type strains with >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity. 27902319 12 40 theme gene 1654:1657 arg1 identity 1668:1675 >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 1637:1675 >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 1637:1675 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were <35 % between strain KT0803T and type strains with >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity. 27902319 11 41 theme Gramella 1437:1444 arg1 YJ019T 1452:1457 Gramella lutea YJ019T 1437:1457 Gramella lutea YJ019T 1437:1457 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 3 42 theme polyphasic 416:425 arg1 approach 427:434 a polyphasic approach 414:434 a polyphasic approach 414:434 The taxonomic position of the strain, previously known as 'Gramella forsetii' KT0803, was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. 27902319 8 43 theme Polar 875:879 arg1 lipids 881:886 Polar lipids 875:886 Polar lipids 875:886 Polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, six unidentified lipids and two unidentified aminolipids. 27902319 2 44 theme Strain 167:172 arg1 KT0803T 174:180 Strain KT0803T 167:180 Strain KT0803T 167:180 Strain KT0803T was isolated from coastal eutrophic surface waters of Helgoland Roads near the island of Helgoland, North Sea, Germany. 27902319 13 45 theme forsetii 1815:1822 arg1 sp 1824:1825 Gramella forsetii sp 1806:1825 Gramella forsetii sp 1806:1825 Based on the chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genomic characteristics, strain KT0803T has been assigned to the genus Gramella, as Gramella forsetii sp. 27902319 13 45 theme forsetii 1815:1822 arg1 KT0803T 1754:1760 strain KT0803T 1747:1760 strain KT0803T 1747:1760 Based on the chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genomic characteristics, strain KT0803T has been assigned to the genus Gramella, as Gramella forsetii sp. 27902319 12 46 theme >98.2  1637:1642 arg1 % 1643:1643 % 1643:1643 % 1643:1643 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were <35 % between strain KT0803T and type strains with >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity. 27902319 11 47 theme sequence 1228:1235 arg1 identities 1237:1246 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities 1210:1246 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities 1210:1246 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 9 48 with  1ω7c 1070:1074 arg1 iso-C15  1101:1108 iso-C15  1101:1108 iso-C15  1101:1108 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 9 48 with  1ω7c 1070:1074 arg1 amounts 1090:1096 smaller amounts 1082:1096 smaller amounts of iso-C15  1082:1108 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 12 49 theme strain 1600:1605 arg1 KT0803T 1607:1613 strain KT0803T and type strains 1600:1630 KT0803T 1607:1613 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were <35 % between strain KT0803T and type strains with >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity. 27902319 11 50 theme Gramella 1265:1272 arg1 19838T 1289:1294 Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T 1265:1294 Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T 1265:1294 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 6 51 theme Strain 753:758 arg1 KT0803T 760:766 Strain KT0803T 753:766 Strain KT0803T 753:766 Strain KT0803T hydrolysed the polysaccharides laminarin, alginate, pachyman and starch. 27902319 8 52 theme unidentified 956:967 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 898:921 phosphatidylethanolamine 898:921 phosphatidylethanolamine 898:921 Polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, six unidentified lipids and two unidentified aminolipids. 27902319 8 52 theme unidentified 956:967 arg1 aminolipids 969:979 two unidentified aminolipids 952:979 two unidentified aminolipids 952:979 Polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, six unidentified lipids and two unidentified aminolipids. 27902319 16 53 theme 2011 1948:1951 arg1 description 1901:1911 An emended description 1890:1911 An emended description of Gramella gaetbulicolaCho et al. 2011 1890:1951 An emended description of Gramella gaetbulicolaCho et al. 2011 is also proposed. 27902319 11 54 with % 1302:1302 arg1 YJ019T 1452:1457 Gramella lutea YJ019T 1437:1457 Gramella lutea YJ019T 1437:1457 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 54 with % 1302:1302 arg1 19838T 1289:1294 Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T 1265:1294 Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T 1265:1294 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 54 with % 1302:1302 arg1 HJM-19T 1416:1422 HJM-19T 1416:1422 HJM-19T 1416:1422 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 54 with % 1302:1302 arg1 aestuariivivens 1364:1378 aestuariivivens 1364:1378 aestuariivivens 1364:1378 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 54 with % 1302:1302 arg1 23547T 1500:1505 Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T 1472:1505 Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T 1472:1505 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 54 with % 1302:1302 arg1 23082T 1335:1340 Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T 1309:1340 Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T 1309:1340 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 54 with % 1302:1302 arg1 6048T 1543:1547 6048T 1543:1547 6048T 1543:1547 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 55 theme rRNA 1218:1221 arg1 identities 1237:1246 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities 1210:1246 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities 1210:1246 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 2 56 theme surface 218:224 arg1 waters 226:231 coastal eutrophic surface waters 200:231 coastal eutrophic surface waters of Helgoland Roads near the island of Helgoland, North Sea, Germany 200:299 Strain KT0803T was isolated from coastal eutrophic surface waters of Helgoland Roads near the island of Helgoland, North Sea, Germany. 27902319 12 57 with strains 1624:1630 arg1 identity 1668:1675 >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 1637:1675 >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 1637:1675 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were <35 % between strain KT0803T and type strains with >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity. 27902319 4 58 theme orange-yellow 597:609 arg1 pigments 622:629 orange-yellow carotenoid pigments 597:629 orange-yellow carotenoid pigments 597:629 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 2 59 theme coastal 200:206 arg1 waters 226:231 coastal eutrophic surface waters 200:231 coastal eutrophic surface waters of Helgoland Roads near the island of Helgoland, North Sea, Germany 200:299 Strain KT0803T was isolated from coastal eutrophic surface waters of Helgoland Roads near the island of Helgoland, North Sea, Germany. 27902319 9 60 theme fatty 998:1002 arg1  0 1024:1025  0 1024:1025  0 1024:1025 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 9 60 theme fatty 998:1002 arg1 iso-C15  1015:1022 iso-C15  1015:1022 iso-C15  1015:1022 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 9 60 theme fatty 998:1002 arg1 acids 1004:1008 The predominant fatty acids 982:1008 The predominant fatty acids 982:1008 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 2 61 theme Roads 246:250 arg1 waters 226:231 coastal eutrophic surface waters 200:231 coastal eutrophic surface waters of Helgoland Roads near the island of Helgoland, North Sea, Germany 200:299 Strain KT0803T was isolated from coastal eutrophic surface waters of Helgoland Roads near the island of Helgoland, North Sea, Germany. 27902319 1 62 theme emended 105:111 arg1 description 113:123 emended description 105:123 emended description of Gramella gaetbulicola Cho et al. 105:159 nov., a marine Flavobacteriaceae isolated from North Sea water, and emended description of Gramella gaetbulicola Cho et al. 2011. 27902319 11 63 theme DSM 1331:1333 arg1 23082T 1335:1340 Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T 1309:1340 Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T 1309:1340 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 12 64 theme DNA-DNA 1554:1560 arg1 values 1574:1579 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 1550:1579 The DNA-DNA relatedness values 1550:1579 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were <35 % between strain KT0803T and type strains with >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity. 27902319 12 64 theme DNA-DNA 1554:1560 arg1 % 1590:1590 <35 % 1586:1590 <35 % 1586:1590 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were <35 % between strain KT0803T and type strains with >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity. 27902319 11 65 with % 1348:1348 arg1 YJ019T 1452:1457 Gramella lutea YJ019T 1437:1457 Gramella lutea YJ019T 1437:1457 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 65 with % 1348:1348 arg1 19838T 1289:1294 Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T 1265:1294 Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T 1265:1294 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 65 with % 1348:1348 arg1 HJM-19T 1416:1422 HJM-19T 1416:1422 HJM-19T 1416:1422 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 65 with % 1348:1348 arg1 aestuariivivens 1364:1378 aestuariivivens 1364:1378 aestuariivivens 1364:1378 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 65 with % 1348:1348 arg1 23547T 1500:1505 Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T 1472:1505 Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T 1472:1505 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 65 with % 1348:1348 arg1 23082T 1335:1340 Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T 1309:1340 Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T 1309:1340 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 65 with % 1348:1348 arg1 6048T 1543:1547 6048T 1543:1547 6048T 1543:1547 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 66 dep Gramella 1309:1316 arg1 gaetbulicola 1318:1329 gaetbulicola 1318:1329 gaetbulicola 1318:1329 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 13 67 theme phenotypic 1707:1716 arg1 characteristics 1730:1744 the chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genomic characteristics 1687:1744 the chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genomic characteristics 1687:1744 Based on the chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genomic characteristics, strain KT0803T has been assigned to the genus Gramella, as Gramella forsetii sp. 27902319 1 68 theme gaetbulicola 137:148 arg1 Cho 150:152 Gramella gaetbulicola Cho 128:152 Gramella gaetbulicola Cho et al. 128:159 nov., a marine Flavobacteriaceae isolated from North Sea water, and emended description of Gramella gaetbulicola Cho et al. 2011. 27902319 4 69 theme flexirubin-type 653:667 arg1 pigments 669:676 flexirubin-type pigments 653:676 flexirubin-type pigments 653:676 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 13 70 theme genomic 1722:1728 arg1 characteristics 1730:1744 the chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genomic characteristics 1687:1744 the chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genomic characteristics 1687:1744 Based on the chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genomic characteristics, strain KT0803T has been assigned to the genus Gramella, as Gramella forsetii sp. 27902319 16 71 theme emended 1893:1899 arg1 description 1901:1911 An emended description 1890:1911 An emended description of Gramella gaetbulicolaCho et al. 2011 1890:1951 An emended description of Gramella gaetbulicolaCho et al. 2011 is also proposed. 27902319 15 72 theme =DSM 1861:1864 arg1 KT0803T 1852:1858 KT0803T 1852:1858 KT0803T (=DSM 17595T=CGMCC 1.15422T) 1852:1887 The type strain is KT0803T (=DSM 17595T=CGMCC 1.15422T). 27902319 15 72 theme =DSM 1861:1864 arg1 1.15422T 1879:1886 =DSM 17595T=CGMCC 1.15422T 1861:1886 =DSM 17595T=CGMCC 1.15422T 1861:1886 The type strain is KT0803T (=DSM 17595T=CGMCC 1.15422T). 27902319 7 73 theme respiratory 845:855 arg1 quinone 857:863 The respiratory quinone 841:863 The respiratory quinone 841:863 The respiratory quinone was MK-6. 27902319 7 73 theme respiratory 845:855 arg1 MK-6 869:872 MK-6 869:872 MK-6 869:872 The respiratory quinone was MK-6. 27902319 13 74 theme chemotaxonomic 1691:1704 arg1 characteristics 1730:1744 the chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genomic characteristics 1687:1744 the chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genomic characteristics 1687:1744 Based on the chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genomic characteristics, strain KT0803T has been assigned to the genus Gramella, as Gramella forsetii sp. 27902319 16 75 theme gaetbulicolaCho 1925:1939 arg1 2011 1948:1951 Gramella gaetbulicolaCho et al. 2011 1916:1951 Gramella gaetbulicolaCho et al. 2011 1916:1951 An emended description of Gramella gaetbulicolaCho et al. 2011 is also proposed. 27902319 10 76 theme DNA 1191:1193 arg1 % 1207:1207 36.6 mol% 1199:1207 36.6 mol% 1199:1207 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.6 mol%. 27902319 10 76 theme DNA 1191:1193 arg1 content 1168:1174 The G+C content 1160:1174 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1160:1193 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.6 mol%. 27902319 0 77 theme forsetii 24:31 arg1 sp 33:34 Gramella forsetii sp 15:34 Gramella forsetii sp 15:34 Description of Gramella forsetii sp. 27902319 1 78 theme Sea 90:92 arg1 water 94:98 North Sea water 84:98 North Sea water 84:98 nov., a marine Flavobacteriaceae isolated from North Sea water, and emended description of Gramella gaetbulicola Cho et al. 2011. 27902319 9 79 theme smaller 1082:1088 arg1 iso-C15  1101:1108 iso-C15  1101:1108 iso-C15  1101:1108 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 9 79 theme smaller 1082:1088 arg1 amounts 1090:1096 smaller amounts 1082:1096 smaller amounts of iso-C15  1082:1108 The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 1ω7c, with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c. 27902319 15 80 theme type 1837:1840 arg1 KT0803T 1852:1858 KT0803T 1852:1858 KT0803T (=DSM 17595T=CGMCC 1.15422T) 1852:1887 The type strain is KT0803T (=DSM 17595T=CGMCC 1.15422T). 27902319 15 80 theme type 1837:1840 arg1 strain 1842:1847 The type strain 1833:1847 The type strain 1833:1847 The type strain is KT0803T (=DSM 17595T=CGMCC 1.15422T). 27902319 11 81 theme lutea 1446:1450 arg1 YJ019T 1452:1457 Gramella lutea YJ019T 1437:1457 Gramella lutea YJ019T 1437:1457 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 4 82 dep Gram-stain-negative 452:470 arg1 rod-shaped 559:568 rod-shaped 559:568 rod-shaped 559:568 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 4 82 dep Gram-stain-negative 452:470 arg1 Gram-stain-negative 452:470 Gram-stain-negative 452:470 Gram-stain-negative 452:470 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 4 82 dep Gram-stain-negative 452:470 arg1 aerobic 518:524 aerobic 518:524 aerobic 518:524 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 4 82 dep Gram-stain-negative 452:470 arg1 negative 640:647 negative 640:647 negative 640:647 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 4 82 dep Gram-stain-negative 452:470 arg1 oxidase- 527:534 oxidase- 527:534 oxidase- 527:534 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 4 82 dep Gram-stain-negative 452:470 arg1 motile 571:576 motile 571:576 motile 571:576 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 4 82 dep Gram-stain-negative 452:470 arg1 chemo-organotrophic 473:491 chemo-organotrophic 473:491 chemo-organotrophic 473:491 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 4 82 dep Gram-stain-negative 452:470 arg1 heterotrophic 494:506 heterotrophic 494:506 heterotrophic 494:506 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 4 82 dep Gram-stain-negative 452:470 arg1 catalase-positive 540:556 catalase-positive 540:556 catalase-positive 540:556 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 4 82 dep Gram-stain-negative 452:470 arg1 strain 441:446 The strain 437:446 The strain 437:446 The strain was Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and had orange-yellow carotenoid pigments, but was negative for flexirubin-type pigments. 27902319 12 83 theme % 1643:1643 arg1 identity 1668:1675 >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 1637:1675 >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 1637:1675 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were <35 % between strain KT0803T and type strains with >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity. 27902319 10 84 theme 36.6 mol 1199:1206 arg1 % 1207:1207 36.6 mol% 1199:1207 36.6 mol% 1199:1207 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.6 mol%. 27902319 10 84 theme 36.6 mol 1199:1206 arg1 content 1168:1174 The G+C content 1160:1174 The G+C content of the genomic DNA 1160:1193 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.6 mol%. 27902319 6 85 theme polysaccharides 783:797 arg1 laminarin 799:807 the polysaccharides laminarin 779:807 the polysaccharides laminarin 779:807 Strain KT0803T hydrolysed the polysaccharides laminarin, alginate, pachyman and starch. 27902319 12 86 theme rRNA 1649:1652 arg1 identity 1668:1675 >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 1637:1675 >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity 1637:1675 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were <35 % between strain KT0803T and type strains with >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity. 27902319 8 87 theme unidentified 928:939 arg1 lipids 941:946 six unidentified lipids 924:946 six unidentified lipids 924:946 Polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, six unidentified lipids and two unidentified aminolipids. 27902319 8 87 theme unidentified 928:939 arg1 phosphatidylethanolamine 898:921 phosphatidylethanolamine 898:921 phosphatidylethanolamine 898:921 Polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, six unidentified lipids and two unidentified aminolipids. 27902319 13 88 theme Gramella 1806:1813 arg1 sp 1824:1825 Gramella forsetii sp 1806:1825 Gramella forsetii sp 1806:1825 Based on the chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genomic characteristics, strain KT0803T has been assigned to the genus Gramella, as Gramella forsetii sp. 27902319 13 88 theme Gramella 1806:1813 arg1 KT0803T 1754:1760 strain KT0803T 1747:1760 strain KT0803T 1747:1760 Based on the chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genomic characteristics, strain KT0803T has been assigned to the genus Gramella, as Gramella forsetii sp. 27902319 11 89 with % 1516:1516 arg1 YJ019T 1452:1457 Gramella lutea YJ019T 1437:1457 Gramella lutea YJ019T 1437:1457 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 89 with % 1516:1516 arg1 19838T 1289:1294 Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T 1265:1294 Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T 1265:1294 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 89 with % 1516:1516 arg1 HJM-19T 1416:1422 HJM-19T 1416:1422 HJM-19T 1416:1422 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 89 with % 1516:1516 arg1 aestuariivivens 1364:1378 aestuariivivens 1364:1378 aestuariivivens 1364:1378 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 89 with % 1516:1516 arg1 23547T 1500:1505 Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T 1472:1505 Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T 1472:1505 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 89 with % 1516:1516 arg1 23082T 1335:1340 Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T 1309:1340 Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T 1309:1340 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 89 with % 1516:1516 arg1 6048T 1543:1547 6048T 1543:1547 6048T 1543:1547 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 90 theme DSM 1285:1287 arg1 19838T 1289:1294 Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T 1265:1294 Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T 1265:1294 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 12 91 theme type 1619:1622 arg1 strains 1624:1630 strain KT0803T and type strains 1600:1630 strains 1624:1630 The DNA-DNA relatedness values were <35 % between strain KT0803T and type strains with >98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity. 27902319 11 92 with % 1465:1465 arg1 YJ019T 1452:1457 Gramella lutea YJ019T 1437:1457 Gramella lutea YJ019T 1437:1457 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 92 with % 1465:1465 arg1 19838T 1289:1294 Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T 1265:1294 Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T 1265:1294 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 92 with % 1465:1465 arg1 HJM-19T 1416:1422 HJM-19T 1416:1422 HJM-19T 1416:1422 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 92 with % 1465:1465 arg1 aestuariivivens 1364:1378 aestuariivivens 1364:1378 aestuariivivens 1364:1378 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 92 with % 1465:1465 arg1 23547T 1500:1505 Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T 1472:1505 Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T 1472:1505 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 92 with % 1465:1465 arg1 23082T 1335:1340 Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T 1309:1340 Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T 1309:1340 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 92 with % 1465:1465 arg1 6048T 1543:1547 6048T 1543:1547 6048T 1543:1547 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27902319 11 93 theme DSM 1496:1498 arg1 23547T 1500:1505 Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T 1472:1505 Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T 1472:1505 The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities were 98.6 % with Gramella echinicola DSM 19838T, 98.3 % with Gramella gaetbulicola DSM 23082T, 98.1 % with Gramella aestuariivivens BG-MY13T and Gramella aquimixticola HJM-19T, 98.0 % with Gramella lutea YJ019T, 97.9 % with Gramella portivictoriae DSM 23547T and 96.9 % with Gramella marina KMM 6048T. 27605304 3 0 theme neuronal 494:501 arg1 cells 503:507 neuronal cells 494:507 neuronal cells 494:507 Our findings suggest that O-GlcNAc glycosylation participates in the regulation of EWS functions in neuronal cells. 27605304 2 1 theme species 320:326 arg1 stoichiometry 299:311 the glycosylation stoichiometry 281:311 the glycosylation stoichiometry of EWS species during neuronal differentiation of embryonic carcinoma P19 cells 281:391 Here, we report a dynamic change in the glycosylation stoichiometry of EWS species during neuronal differentiation of embryonic carcinoma P19 cells. 27605304 2 2 theme dynamic 263:269 arg1 change 271:276 a dynamic change 261:276 a dynamic change in the glycosylation stoichiometry of EWS species during neuronal differentiation of embryonic carcinoma P19 cells 261:391 Here, we report a dynamic change in the glycosylation stoichiometry of EWS species during neuronal differentiation of embryonic carcinoma P19 cells. 27605304 3 3 theme EWS 477:479 arg1 functions 481:489 EWS functions 477:489 EWS functions 477:489 Our findings suggest that O-GlcNAc glycosylation participates in the regulation of EWS functions in neuronal cells. 27605304 3 4 theme functions 481:489 arg1 regulation 463:472 the regulation 459:472 the regulation of EWS functions in neuronal cells 459:507 Our findings suggest that O-GlcNAc glycosylation participates in the regulation of EWS functions in neuronal cells. 27605304 2 5 theme P19 383:385 arg1 cells 387:391 embryonic carcinoma P19 cells 363:391 embryonic carcinoma P19 cells 363:391 Here, we report a dynamic change in the glycosylation stoichiometry of EWS species during neuronal differentiation of embryonic carcinoma P19 cells. 27605304 0 6 from species 39:45 arg1 cells 59:63 neuronal cells 50:63 neuronal cells 50:63 The glycosylation stoichiometry of EWS species in neuronal cells. 27605304 1 7 theme Ewing 75:79 arg1 protein 89:95 Ewing sarcoma protein 75:95 Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) 75:101 Although Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) is known to be glycosylated by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), the dynamics and stoichiometry of its glycosylation remain obscure. 27605304 1 7 theme Ewing 75:79 arg1 EWS 98:100 EWS 98:100 EWS 98:100 Although Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) is known to be glycosylated by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), the dynamics and stoichiometry of its glycosylation remain obscure. 27605304 2 8 theme carcinoma 373:381 arg1 cells 387:391 embryonic carcinoma P19 cells 363:391 embryonic carcinoma P19 cells 363:391 Here, we report a dynamic change in the glycosylation stoichiometry of EWS species during neuronal differentiation of embryonic carcinoma P19 cells. 27605304 0 9 theme glycosylation 4:16 arg1 stoichiometry 18:30 The glycosylation stoichiometry 0:30 The glycosylation stoichiometry of EWS 0:37 The glycosylation stoichiometry of EWS species in neuronal cells. 27605304 1 10 theme sarcoma 81:87 arg1 protein 89:95 Ewing sarcoma protein 75:95 Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) 75:101 Although Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) is known to be glycosylated by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), the dynamics and stoichiometry of its glycosylation remain obscure. 27605304 1 10 theme sarcoma 81:87 arg1 EWS 98:100 EWS 98:100 EWS 98:100 Although Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) is known to be glycosylated by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), the dynamics and stoichiometry of its glycosylation remain obscure. 27605304 2 11 theme embryonic 363:371 arg1 cells 387:391 embryonic carcinoma P19 cells 363:391 embryonic carcinoma P19 cells 363:391 Here, we report a dynamic change in the glycosylation stoichiometry of EWS species during neuronal differentiation of embryonic carcinoma P19 cells. 27605304 1 12 link O-linked 134:141 arg1 O-GlcNAc 166:173 O-GlcNAc 166:173 O-GlcNAc 166:173 Although Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) is known to be glycosylated by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), the dynamics and stoichiometry of its glycosylation remain obscure. 27605304 1 12 link O-linked 134:141 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 143:163 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 134:163 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 134:174 Although Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) is known to be glycosylated by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), the dynamics and stoichiometry of its glycosylation remain obscure. 27605304 1 13 theme O-linked 134:141 arg1 O-GlcNAc 166:173 O-GlcNAc 166:173 O-GlcNAc 166:173 Although Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) is known to be glycosylated by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), the dynamics and stoichiometry of its glycosylation remain obscure. 27605304 1 13 theme O-linked 134:141 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 143:163 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 134:163 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 134:174 Although Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) is known to be glycosylated by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), the dynamics and stoichiometry of its glycosylation remain obscure. 27605304 0 14 theme EWS 35:37 arg1 stoichiometry 18:30 The glycosylation stoichiometry 0:30 The glycosylation stoichiometry of EWS 0:37 The glycosylation stoichiometry of EWS species in neuronal cells. 27605304 2 15 theme cells 387:391 arg1 differentiation 344:358 neuronal differentiation 335:358 neuronal differentiation of embryonic carcinoma P19 cells 335:391 Here, we report a dynamic change in the glycosylation stoichiometry of EWS species during neuronal differentiation of embryonic carcinoma P19 cells. 27605304 0 16 theme neuronal 50:57 arg1 cells 59:63 neuronal cells 50:63 neuronal cells 50:63 The glycosylation stoichiometry of EWS species in neuronal cells. 27605304 1 17 gly glycosylated 118:129 arg1 protein 89:95 Ewing sarcoma protein 75:95 Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) 75:101 Although Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) is known to be glycosylated by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), the dynamics and stoichiometry of its glycosylation remain obscure. 27605304 1 17 gly glycosylated 118:129 arg1 EWS 98:100 EWS 98:100 EWS 98:100 Although Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) is known to be glycosylated by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), the dynamics and stoichiometry of its glycosylation remain obscure. 27605304 3 18 theme O-GlcNAc 420:427 arg1 glycosylation 429:441 O-GlcNAc glycosylation 420:441 O-GlcNAc glycosylation 420:441 Our findings suggest that O-GlcNAc glycosylation participates in the regulation of EWS functions in neuronal cells. 27605304 2 19 theme EWS 316:318 arg1 species 320:326 EWS species 316:326 EWS species 316:326 Here, we report a dynamic change in the glycosylation stoichiometry of EWS species during neuronal differentiation of embryonic carcinoma P19 cells. 27605304 1 20 dep dynamics 181:188 arg1 the 177:179 the 177:179 the 177:179 Although Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) is known to be glycosylated by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), the dynamics and stoichiometry of its glycosylation remain obscure. 27605304 3 21 from regulation 463:472 arg1 cells 503:507 neuronal cells 494:507 neuronal cells 494:507 Our findings suggest that O-GlcNAc glycosylation participates in the regulation of EWS functions in neuronal cells. 27605304 2 22 theme glycosylation 285:297 arg1 stoichiometry 299:311 the glycosylation stoichiometry 281:311 the glycosylation stoichiometry of EWS species during neuronal differentiation of embryonic carcinoma P19 cells 281:391 Here, we report a dynamic change in the glycosylation stoichiometry of EWS species during neuronal differentiation of embryonic carcinoma P19 cells. 27605304 2 23 theme neuronal 335:342 arg1 differentiation 344:358 neuronal differentiation 335:358 neuronal differentiation of embryonic carcinoma P19 cells 335:391 Here, we report a dynamic change in the glycosylation stoichiometry of EWS species during neuronal differentiation of embryonic carcinoma P19 cells. 27605304 2 24 from change 271:276 arg1 stoichiometry 299:311 the glycosylation stoichiometry 281:311 the glycosylation stoichiometry of EWS species during neuronal differentiation of embryonic carcinoma P19 cells 281:391 Here, we report a dynamic change in the glycosylation stoichiometry of EWS species during neuronal differentiation of embryonic carcinoma P19 cells. 27605304 1 25 theme glycosylation 215:227 arg1 stoichiometry 194:206 stoichiometry 194:206 stoichiometry 194:206 Although Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) is known to be glycosylated by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), the dynamics and stoichiometry of its glycosylation remain obscure. 27605304 1 25 theme glycosylation 215:227 arg1 dynamics 181:188 dynamics 181:188 dynamics 181:188 Although Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) is known to be glycosylated by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), the dynamics and stoichiometry of its glycosylation remain obscure. 28853779 7 0 theme family 1511:1516 arg1 Clostridiaceae 1518:1531 the family Clostridiaceae 1507:1531 the family Clostridiaceae 1507:1531 Decreased cellulose content resulted in a decrease of bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude and in increased ratios of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides. 28853779 9 1 theme cellulolytics 1925:1937 arg1 abundance 1912:1920 abundance 1912:1920 abundance of cellulolytics of the families Ruminococca- ceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacteriaceae 1912:2008 No significant change in abundance of cellulolytics of the families Ruminococca- ceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacteriaceae was observed. 28853779 4 2 theme family 889:894 arg1 Suterellaceae 896:908 the family Suterellaceae 885:908 the family Suterellaceae 885:908 Members of the family Suterellaceae and the genus Gallibacterium, which are responsible for avian respiratory infections, were also detected. 28853779 2 3 theme taxonomic 280:288 arg1 diversity 290:298 taxonomic diversity 280:298 taxonomic diversity 280:298 The Cecal microbiome exhibited taxonomic diversity, with both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and new un- identified taxa, as well as bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora. 28853779 6 4 from effect 1272:1277 arg1 structure 1302:1310 the composition aid structure 1282:1310 the composition aid structure of bacterial communities 1282:1335 Cellulose content in the feed had the most pronounced effect on the composition aid structure of bacterial communities. 28853779 6 5 dep structure 1302:1310 arg1 aid 1298:1300 aid 1298:1300 aid 1298:1300 Cellulose content in the feed had the most pronounced effect on the composition aid structure of bacterial communities. 28853779 9 6 theme Ruminococca- 1955:1966 arg1 ceae 1968:1971 Ruminococca- ceae 1955:1971 Ruminococca- ceae 1955:1971 No significant change in abundance of cellulolytics of the families Ruminococca- ceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacteriaceae was observed. 28853779 9 6 theme Ruminococca- 1955:1966 arg1 families 1946:1953 the families Ruminococca- ceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacteriaceae 1942:2008 the families Ruminococca- ceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacteriaceae 1942:2008 No significant change in abundance of cellulolytics of the families Ruminococca- ceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacteriaceae was observed. 28853779 3 7 theme minor 717:721 arg1 components 723:732 the minor components 713:732 the minor components of the community 713:749 Contrary to traditional concepts, enterococci and bi- fidobacteria were among the minor components of the community, lactate-fermenting species were absent, and typical avian pathogens of the genus Staphylococcus were detected but seldom. 28853779 2 8 theme rumen 617:621 arg1 microflora 623:632 the rumen microflora 613:632 the rumen microflora 613:632 The Cecal microbiome exhibited taxonomic diversity, with both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and new un- identified taxa, as well as bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora. 28853779 1 9 used used 129:132 arg2 NGS 87:89 NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR 87:121 NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR 87:121 Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) were used to determine the composition of the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder. 28853779 1 9 used used 129:132 arg2 techniques 75:84 Molecular genetic techniques 57:84 Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) 57:122 Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) were used to determine the composition of the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder. 28853779 3 10 theme lactate-fermenting 752:769 arg1 species 771:777 lactate-fermenting species 752:777 lactate-fermenting species 752:777 Contrary to traditional concepts, enterococci and bi- fidobacteria were among the minor components of the community, lactate-fermenting species were absent, and typical avian pathogens of the genus Staphylococcus were detected but seldom. 28853779 1 11 theme bacterial 176:184 arg1 community 186:194 the cecal bacterial community 166:194 the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder 166:246 Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) were used to determine the composition of the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder. 28853779 3 12 theme community 741:749 arg1 components 723:732 the minor components 713:732 the minor components of the community 713:749 Contrary to traditional concepts, enterococci and bi- fidobacteria were among the minor components of the community, lactate-fermenting species were absent, and typical avian pathogens of the genus Staphylococcus were detected but seldom. 28853779 8 13 theme family 1774:1779 arg1 members 1759:1765 members 1759:1765 members of the family 1759:1779 Abundance of the normal inhabitants of avian intes- tine belonging to the genus Ldctobacillus and the order Bacillales decreased, while the share of Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae increased, including some species capable of causing dysbiotic changes in avian intestine. 28853779 7 14 theme by-aii 1412:1417 arg1 order 1419:1423 bacterial abundance by-aii order 1392:1423 bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude 1392:1438 Decreased cellulose content resulted in a decrease of bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude and in increased ratios of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides. 28853779 5 15 theme com- 1107:1110 arg1 munity 1112:1117 the cecal com- munity 1097:1117 the cecal com- munity 1097:1117 Significant fluctuations of abundance and composition of microbial groups within the cecal com- munity and of the parameters of broiler productivity were found to occur depending on the feed allowance. 28853779 1 16 theme chickens 207:214 arg1 community 186:194 the cecal bacterial community 166:194 the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder 166:246 Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) were used to determine the composition of the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder. 28853779 7 17 theme bacterial 1392:1400 arg1 order 1419:1423 bacterial abundance by-aii order 1392:1423 bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude 1392:1438 Decreased cellulose content resulted in a decrease of bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude and in increased ratios of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides. 28853779 6 18 theme communities 1325:1335 arg1 structure 1302:1310 the composition aid structure 1282:1310 the composition aid structure of bacterial communities 1282:1335 Cellulose content in the feed had the most pronounced effect on the composition aid structure of bacterial communities. 28853779 3 19 dep genus 827:831 arg1 Staphylococcus 833:846 the genus Staphylococcus 823:846 the genus Staphylococcus 823:846 Contrary to traditional concepts, enterococci and bi- fidobacteria were among the minor components of the community, lactate-fermenting species were absent, and typical avian pathogens of the genus Staphylococcus were detected but seldom. 28853779 9 20 dep families 1946:1953 arg1 ceae 1968:1971 Ruminococca- ceae 1955:1971 Ruminococca- ceae 1955:1971 No significant change in abundance of cellulolytics of the families Ruminococca- ceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacteriaceae was observed. 28853779 9 20 dep families 1946:1953 arg1 families 1946:1953 the families Ruminococca- ceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacteriaceae 1942:2008 the families Ruminococca- ceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacteriaceae 1942:2008 No significant change in abundance of cellulolytics of the families Ruminococca- ceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacteriaceae was observed. 28853779 9 20 dep families 1946:1953 arg1 Lachnospiraceae 1974:1988 Lachnospiraceae 1974:1988 Lachnospiraceae 1974:1988 No significant change in abundance of cellulolytics of the families Ruminococca- ceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacteriaceae was observed. 28853779 9 20 dep families 1946:1953 arg1 Eubacteriaceae 1995:2008 Eubacteriaceae 1995:2008 Eubacteriaceae 1995:2008 No significant change in abundance of cellulolytics of the families Ruminococca- ceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacteriaceae was observed. 28853779 4 21 theme genus 918:922 arg1 Gallibacterium 924:937 the genus Gallibacterium 914:937 the genus Gallibacterium 914:937 Members of the family Suterellaceae and the genus Gallibacterium, which are responsible for avian respiratory infections, were also detected. 28853779 5 22 theme groups 1083:1088 arg1 abundance 1044:1052 abundance 1044:1052 abundance 1044:1052 Significant fluctuations of abundance and composition of microbial groups within the cecal com- munity and of the parameters of broiler productivity were found to occur depending on the feed allowance. 28853779 5 22 theme groups 1083:1088 arg1 composition 1058:1068 composition 1058:1068 composition 1058:1068 Significant fluctuations of abundance and composition of microbial groups within the cecal com- munity and of the parameters of broiler productivity were found to occur depending on the feed allowance. 28853779 6 23 theme Cellulose 1218:1226 arg1 content 1228:1234 Cellulose content 1218:1234 Cellulose content in the feed 1218:1246 Cellulose content in the feed had the most pronounced effect on the composition aid structure of bacterial communities. 28853779 3 24 theme typical 796:802 arg1 pathogens 810:818 typical avian pathogens 796:818 typical avian pathogens of the genus Staphylococcus 796:846 Contrary to traditional concepts, enterococci and bi- fidobacteria were among the minor components of the community, lactate-fermenting species were absent, and typical avian pathogens of the genus Staphylococcus were detected but seldom. 28853779 1 25 dep NGS 87:89 arg1 sequencing 91:100 sequencing 91:100 sequencing 91:100 Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) were used to determine the composition of the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder. 28853779 1 25 dep NGS 87:89 arg1 PCR 119:121 quantitative PCR 106:121 quantitative PCR 106:121 Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) were used to determine the composition of the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder. 28853779 1 25 dep NGS 87:89 arg1 NGS 87:89 NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR 87:121 NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR 87:121 Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) were used to determine the composition of the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder. 28853779 5 26 theme productivity 1152:1163 arg1 parameters 1130:1139 the parameters 1126:1139 the parameters of broiler productivity 1126:1163 Significant fluctuations of abundance and composition of microbial groups within the cecal com- munity and of the parameters of broiler productivity were found to occur depending on the feed allowance. 28853779 8 27 theme dysbiotic 1849:1857 arg1 changes 1859:1865 dysbiotic changes 1849:1865 dysbiotic changes in avian intestine 1849:1884 Abundance of the normal inhabitants of avian intes- tine belonging to the genus Ldctobacillus and the order Bacillales decreased, while the share of Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae increased, including some species capable of causing dysbiotic changes in avian intestine. 28853779 6 28 from content 1228:1234 arg1 feed 1243:1246 the feed 1239:1246 the feed 1239:1246 Cellulose content in the feed had the most pronounced effect on the composition aid structure of bacterial communities. 28853779 1 29 theme genetic 67:73 arg1 techniques 75:84 Molecular genetic techniques 57:84 Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) 57:122 Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) were used to determine the composition of the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder. 28853779 1 29 theme genetic 67:73 arg1 NGS 87:89 NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR 87:121 NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR 87:121 Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) were used to determine the composition of the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder. 28853779 4 30 theme respiratory 972:982 arg1 infections 984:993 avian respiratory infections 966:993 avian respiratory infections 966:993 Members of the family Suterellaceae and the genus Gallibacterium, which are responsible for avian respiratory infections, were also detected. 28853779 2 31 dep families 367:374 arg1 Eubacteriaceae 392:405 Eubacteriaceae 392:405 Eubacteriaceae 392:405 The Cecal microbiome exhibited taxonomic diversity, with both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and new un- identified taxa, as well as bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora. 28853779 2 31 dep families 367:374 arg1 Lactobacillaceae 412:427 Lactobacillaceae 412:427 Lactobacillaceae 412:427 The Cecal microbiome exhibited taxonomic diversity, with both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and new un- identified taxa, as well as bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora. 28853779 2 31 dep families 367:374 arg1 Clostridiaceae 376:389 Clostridiaceae 376:389 Clostridiaceae 376:389 The Cecal microbiome exhibited taxonomic diversity, with both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and new un- identified taxa, as well as bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora. 28853779 2 31 dep families 367:374 arg1 families 367:374 the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae 363:427 the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae 363:427 The Cecal microbiome exhibited taxonomic diversity, with both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and new un- identified taxa, as well as bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora. 28853779 0 32 theme Broiler 0:6 arg1 Microbiocenoses 14:28 Broiler Cecal Microbiocenoses 0:28 Broiler Cecal Microbiocenoses 0:28 Broiler Cecal Microbiocenoses Depending on Mixed Fodder. 28853779 7 33 dep Bacteroidetes 1489:1501 arg1 the 1478:1480 the 1478:1480 the 1478:1480 Decreased cellulose content resulted in a decrease of bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude and in increased ratios of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides. 28853779 7 34 theme cellulose 1348:1356 arg1 content 1358:1364 Decreased cellulose content 1338:1364 Decreased cellulose content 1338:1364 Decreased cellulose content resulted in a decrease of bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude and in increased ratios of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides. 28853779 2 35 theme phylum 440:445 arg1 Bacteroidetes 447:459 the phylum Bacteroidetes 436:459 the phylum Bacteroidetes 436:459 The Cecal microbiome exhibited taxonomic diversity, with both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and new un- identified taxa, as well as bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora. 28853779 5 36 theme feed 1202:1205 arg1 allowance 1207:1215 the feed allowance 1198:1215 the feed allowance 1198:1215 Significant fluctuations of abundance and composition of microbial groups within the cecal com- munity and of the parameters of broiler productivity were found to occur depending on the feed allowance. 28853779 1 37 theme quantitative 106:117 arg1 PCR 119:121 quantitative PCR 106:121 quantitative PCR 106:121 Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) were used to determine the composition of the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder. 28853779 1 37 theme quantitative 106:117 arg1 NGS 87:89 NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR 87:121 NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR 87:121 Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) were used to determine the composition of the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder. 28853779 5 38 theme abundance 1044:1052 arg1 fluctuations 1028:1039 Significant fluctuations 1016:1039 Significant fluctuations of abundance and composition of microbial groups within the cecal com- munity and of the parameters of broiler productivity 1016:1163 Significant fluctuations of abundance and composition of microbial groups within the cecal com- munity and of the parameters of broiler productivity were found to occur depending on the feed allowance. 28853779 2 39 theme new 466:468 arg1 un- 470:472 new un- 466:472 new un- 466:472 The Cecal microbiome exhibited taxonomic diversity, with both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and new un- identified taxa, as well as bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora. 28853779 2 40 theme intestine 340:348 arg1 inhabitants 319:329 both typical inhabitants 306:329 both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes 306:459 The Cecal microbiome exhibited taxonomic diversity, with both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and new un- identified taxa, as well as bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora. 28853779 5 41 theme composition 1058:1068 arg1 fluctuations 1028:1039 Significant fluctuations 1016:1039 Significant fluctuations of abundance and composition of microbial groups within the cecal com- munity and of the parameters of broiler productivity 1016:1163 Significant fluctuations of abundance and composition of microbial groups within the cecal com- munity and of the parameters of broiler productivity were found to occur depending on the feed allowance. 28853779 9 42 theme significant 1890:1900 arg1 change 1902:1907 No significant change 1887:1907 No significant change in abundance of cellulolytics of the families Ruminococca- ceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacteriaceae 1887:2008 No significant change in abundance of cellulolytics of the families Ruminococca- ceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacteriaceae was observed. 28853779 8 43 theme inhabitants 1618:1628 arg1 Abundance 1594:1602 Abundance 1594:1602 Abundance of the normal inhabitants of avian intes- tine belonging to the genus Ldctobacillus 1594:1686 Abundance of the normal inhabitants of avian intes- tine belonging to the genus Ldctobacillus and the order Bacillales decreased, while the share of Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae increased, including some species capable of causing dysbiotic changes in avian intestine. 28853779 8 43 theme inhabitants 1618:1628 arg1 Bacillales 1702:1711 the order Bacillales 1692:1711 the order Bacillales 1692:1711 Abundance of the normal inhabitants of avian intes- tine belonging to the genus Ldctobacillus and the order Bacillales decreased, while the share of Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae increased, including some species capable of causing dysbiotic changes in avian intestine. 28853779 3 44 theme bi- 685:687 arg1 fidobacteria 689:700 bi- fidobacteria 685:700 bi- fidobacteria 685:700 Contrary to traditional concepts, enterococci and bi- fidobacteria were among the minor components of the community, lactate-fermenting species were absent, and typical avian pathogens of the genus Staphylococcus were detected but seldom. 28853779 7 45 theme Clostridiaceae 1518:1531 arg1 members 1467:1473 members 1467:1473 members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides 1467:1591 Decreased cellulose content resulted in a decrease of bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude and in increased ratios of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides. 28853779 8 46 theme avian 1633:1637 arg1 tine 1646:1649 avian intes- tine 1633:1649 avian intes- tine belonging to the genus Ldctobacillus 1633:1686 Abundance of the normal inhabitants of avian intes- tine belonging to the genus Ldctobacillus and the order Bacillales decreased, while the share of Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae increased, including some species capable of causing dysbiotic changes in avian intestine. 28853779 8 47 theme order 1696:1700 arg1 Bacillales 1702:1711 the order Bacillales 1692:1711 the order Bacillales 1692:1711 Abundance of the normal inhabitants of avian intes- tine belonging to the genus Ldctobacillus and the order Bacillales decreased, while the share of Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae increased, including some species capable of causing dysbiotic changes in avian intestine. 28853779 1 48 theme different 225:233 arg1 fodder 241:246 different mixed fodder 225:246 different mixed fodder 225:246 Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) were used to determine the composition of the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder. 28853779 8 49 theme tine 1646:1649 arg1 inhabitants 1618:1628 the normal inhabitants 1607:1628 the normal inhabitants of avian intes- tine belonging to the genus Ldctobacillus 1607:1686 Abundance of the normal inhabitants of avian intes- tine belonging to the genus Ldctobacillus and the order Bacillales decreased, while the share of Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae increased, including some species capable of causing dysbiotic changes in avian intestine. 28853779 7 50 theme Bacteroidetes 1489:1501 arg1 members 1467:1473 members 1467:1473 members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides 1467:1591 Decreased cellulose content resulted in a decrease of bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude and in increased ratios of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides. 28853779 6 51 theme composition 1286:1296 arg1 structure 1302:1310 the composition aid structure 1282:1310 the composition aid structure of bacterial communities 1282:1335 Cellulose content in the feed had the most pronounced effect on the composition aid structure of bacterial communities. 28853779 7 52 theme nitude 1433:1438 arg1 order 1419:1423 bacterial abundance by-aii order 1392:1423 bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude 1392:1438 Decreased cellulose content resulted in a decrease of bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude and in increased ratios of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides. 28853779 9 53 theme families 1946:1953 arg1 cellulolytics 1925:1937 cellulolytics 1925:1937 cellulolytics of the families Ruminococca- ceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacteriaceae 1925:2008 No significant change in abundance of cellulolytics of the families Ruminococca- ceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacteriaceae was observed. 28853779 8 54 theme genus 1668:1672 arg1 Ldctobacillus 1674:1686 the genus Ldctobacillus 1664:1686 the genus Ldctobacillus 1664:1686 Abundance of the normal inhabitants of avian intes- tine belonging to the genus Ldctobacillus and the order Bacillales decreased, while the share of Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae increased, including some species capable of causing dysbiotic changes in avian intestine. 28853779 1 55 theme cecal 170:174 arg1 community 186:194 the cecal bacterial community 166:194 the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder 166:246 Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) were used to determine the composition of the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder. 28853779 7 56 theme members 1467:1473 arg1 ratios 1457:1462 increased ratios 1447:1462 increased ratios of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides 1447:1591 Decreased cellulose content resulted in a decrease of bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude and in increased ratios of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides. 28853779 7 57 theme increased 1447:1455 arg1 ratios 1457:1462 increased ratios 1447:1462 increased ratios of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides 1447:1591 Decreased cellulose content resulted in a decrease of bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude and in increased ratios of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides. 28853779 6 58 theme pronounced 1261:1270 arg1 effect 1272:1277 the most pronounced effect 1252:1277 the most pronounced effect on the composition aid structure of bacterial communities 1252:1335 Cellulose content in the feed had the most pronounced effect on the composition aid structure of bacterial communities. 28853779 2 59 theme typical 311:317 arg1 inhabitants 319:329 both typical inhabitants 306:329 both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes 306:459 The Cecal microbiome exhibited taxonomic diversity, with both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and new un- identified taxa, as well as bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora. 28853779 8 60 theme Escherichia 1743:1753 arg1 Sutterellaceae 1781:1794 Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae 1743:1794 Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae 1743:1794 Abundance of the normal inhabitants of avian intes- tine belonging to the genus Ldctobacillus and the order Bacillales decreased, while the share of Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae increased, including some species capable of causing dysbiotic changes in avian intestine. 28853779 7 61 contain possess 1540:1546 arg2 enzymes 1552:1558 the enzymes 1548:1558 the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides 1548:1591 Decreased cellulose content resulted in a decrease of bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude and in increased ratios of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides. 28853779 7 61 contain possess 1540:1546 arg1 Clostridiaceae 1518:1531 the family Clostridiaceae 1507:1531 the family Clostridiaceae 1507:1531 Decreased cellulose content resulted in a decrease of bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude and in increased ratios of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides. 28853779 7 61 contain possess 1540:1546 arg1 Bacteroidetes 1489:1501 phylum Bacteroidetes 1482:1501 phylum Bacteroidetes 1482:1501 Decreased cellulose content resulted in a decrease of bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude and in increased ratios of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides. 28853779 8 62 theme members 1759:1765 arg1 Sutterellaceae 1781:1794 Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae 1743:1794 Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae 1743:1794 Abundance of the normal inhabitants of avian intes- tine belonging to the genus Ldctobacillus and the order Bacillales decreased, while the share of Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae increased, including some species capable of causing dysbiotic changes in avian intestine. 28853779 1 63 theme community 186:194 arg1 composition 151:161 the composition 147:161 the composition of the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder 147:246 Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) were used to determine the composition of the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder. 28853779 4 64 theme Gallibacterium 924:937 arg1 Members 874:880 Members 874:880 Members 874:880 Members of the family Suterellaceae and the genus Gallibacterium, which are responsible for avian respiratory infections, were also detected. 28853779 7 65 theme mag- 1428:1431 arg1 nitude 1433:1438 mag- nitude 1428:1438 mag- nitude 1428:1438 Decreased cellulose content resulted in a decrease of bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude and in increased ratios of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides. 28853779 5 66 theme cecal 1101:1105 arg1 munity 1112:1117 the cecal com- munity 1097:1117 the cecal com- munity 1097:1117 Significant fluctuations of abundance and composition of microbial groups within the cecal com- munity and of the parameters of broiler productivity were found to occur depending on the feed allowance. 28853779 1 67 theme broiler 199:205 arg1 chickens 207:214 broiler chickens 199:214 broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder 199:246 Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) were used to determine the composition of the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder. 28853779 2 68 dep ously 582:586 arg1 previ- 575:580 previ- 575:580 previ- 575:580 The Cecal microbiome exhibited taxonomic diversity, with both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and new un- identified taxa, as well as bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora. 28853779 2 69 theme families 518:525 arg1 bacteria 502:509 bacteria 502:509 bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora 502:632 The Cecal microbiome exhibited taxonomic diversity, with both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and new un- identified taxa, as well as bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora. 28853779 2 69 theme families 518:525 arg1 taxa 485:488 taxa 485:488 taxa 485:488 The Cecal microbiome exhibited taxonomic diversity, with both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and new un- identified taxa, as well as bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora. 28853779 2 69 theme families 518:525 arg1 Ruminococcaceae 547:561 Ruminococcaceae 547:561 Ruminococcaceae 547:561 The Cecal microbiome exhibited taxonomic diversity, with both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and new un- identified taxa, as well as bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora. 28853779 2 69 theme families 518:525 arg1 Lachnospiraceae 527:541 Lachnospiraceae 527:541 Lachnospiraceae 527:541 The Cecal microbiome exhibited taxonomic diversity, with both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and new un- identified taxa, as well as bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora. 28853779 7 70 theme order 1419:1423 arg1 decrease 1380:1387 a decrease 1378:1387 a decrease of bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude 1378:1438 Decreased cellulose content resulted in a decrease of bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude and in increased ratios of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides. 28853779 8 71 theme Sutterellaceae 1781:1794 arg1 share 1734:1738 the share 1730:1738 the share of Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae 1730:1794 Abundance of the normal inhabitants of avian intes- tine belonging to the genus Ldctobacillus and the order Bacillales decreased, while the share of Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae increased, including some species capable of causing dysbiotic changes in avian intestine. 28853779 4 72 theme Suterellaceae 896:908 arg1 Members 874:880 Members 874:880 Members 874:880 Members of the family Suterellaceae and the genus Gallibacterium, which are responsible for avian respiratory infections, were also detected. 28853779 7 73 theme abundance 1402:1410 arg1 order 1419:1423 bacterial abundance by-aii order 1392:1423 bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude 1392:1438 Decreased cellulose content resulted in a decrease of bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude and in increased ratios of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides. 28853779 8 74 from changes 1859:1865 arg1 intestine 1876:1884 avian intestine 1870:1884 avian intestine 1870:1884 Abundance of the normal inhabitants of avian intes- tine belonging to the genus Ldctobacillus and the order Bacillales decreased, while the share of Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae increased, including some species capable of causing dysbiotic changes in avian intestine. 28853779 6 75 theme bacterial 1315:1323 arg1 communities 1325:1335 bacterial communities 1315:1335 bacterial communities 1315:1335 Cellulose content in the feed had the most pronounced effect on the composition aid structure of bacterial communities. 28853779 5 76 theme microbial 1073:1081 arg1 groups 1083:1088 microbial groups 1073:1088 microbial groups within the cecal com- munity 1073:1117 Significant fluctuations of abundance and composition of microbial groups within the cecal com- munity and of the parameters of broiler productivity were found to occur depending on the feed allowance. 28853779 2 77 theme Cecal 253:257 arg1 microbiome 259:268 The Cecal microbiome 249:268 The Cecal microbiome 249:268 The Cecal microbiome exhibited taxonomic diversity, with both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and new un- identified taxa, as well as bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora. 28853779 3 78 theme avian 804:808 arg1 pathogens 810:818 typical avian pathogens 796:818 typical avian pathogens of the genus Staphylococcus 796:846 Contrary to traditional concepts, enterococci and bi- fidobacteria were among the minor components of the community, lactate-fermenting species were absent, and typical avian pathogens of the genus Staphylococcus were detected but seldom. 28853779 5 79 theme broiler 1144:1150 arg1 productivity 1152:1163 broiler productivity 1144:1163 broiler productivity 1144:1163 Significant fluctuations of abundance and composition of microbial groups within the cecal com- munity and of the parameters of broiler productivity were found to occur depending on the feed allowance. 28853779 8 80 theme capable 1830:1836 arg1 species 1822:1828 some species 1817:1828 some species capable of causing dysbiotic changes in avian intestine 1817:1884 Abundance of the normal inhabitants of avian intes- tine belonging to the genus Ldctobacillus and the order Bacillales decreased, while the share of Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae increased, including some species capable of causing dysbiotic changes in avian intestine. 28853779 1 81 theme Molecular 57:65 arg1 techniques 75:84 Molecular genetic techniques 57:84 Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) 57:122 Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) were used to determine the composition of the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder. 28853779 1 81 theme Molecular 57:65 arg1 NGS 87:89 NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR 87:121 NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR 87:121 Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) were used to determine the composition of the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder. 28853779 9 82 from change 1902:1907 arg1 abundance 1912:1920 abundance 1912:1920 abundance of cellulolytics of the families Ruminococca- ceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacteriaceae 1912:2008 No significant change in abundance of cellulolytics of the families Ruminococca- ceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacteriaceae was observed. 28853779 3 83 theme genus 827:831 arg1 pathogens 810:818 typical avian pathogens 796:818 typical avian pathogens of the genus Staphylococcus 796:846 Contrary to traditional concepts, enterococci and bi- fidobacteria were among the minor components of the community, lactate-fermenting species were absent, and typical avian pathogens of the genus Staphylococcus were detected but seldom. 28853779 4 84 theme avian 966:970 arg1 infections 984:993 avian respiratory infections 966:993 avian respiratory infections 966:993 Members of the family Suterellaceae and the genus Gallibacterium, which are responsible for avian respiratory infections, were also detected. 28853779 0 85 theme Cecal 8:12 arg1 Microbiocenoses 14:28 Broiler Cecal Microbiocenoses 0:28 Broiler Cecal Microbiocenoses 0:28 Broiler Cecal Microbiocenoses Depending on Mixed Fodder. 28853779 5 86 theme parameters 1130:1139 arg1 abundance 1044:1052 abundance 1044:1052 abundance 1044:1052 Significant fluctuations of abundance and composition of microbial groups within the cecal com- munity and of the parameters of broiler productivity were found to occur depending on the feed allowance. 28853779 5 86 theme parameters 1130:1139 arg1 composition 1058:1068 composition 1058:1068 composition 1058:1068 Significant fluctuations of abundance and composition of microbial groups within the cecal com- munity and of the parameters of broiler productivity were found to occur depending on the feed allowance. 28853779 8 87 theme avian 1870:1874 arg1 intestine 1876:1884 avian intestine 1870:1884 avian intestine 1870:1884 Abundance of the normal inhabitants of avian intes- tine belonging to the genus Ldctobacillus and the order Bacillales decreased, while the share of Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae increased, including some species capable of causing dysbiotic changes in avian intestine. 28853779 7 88 theme Decreased 1338:1346 arg1 content 1358:1364 Decreased cellulose content 1338:1364 Decreased cellulose content 1338:1364 Decreased cellulose content resulted in a decrease of bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude and in increased ratios of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides. 28853779 2 89 dep bacteria 502:509 arg1 bacteria 502:509 bacteria 502:509 bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora 502:632 The Cecal microbiome exhibited taxonomic diversity, with both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and new un- identified taxa, as well as bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora. 28853779 2 89 dep bacteria 502:509 arg1 Ruminococcaceae 547:561 Ruminococcaceae 547:561 Ruminococcaceae 547:561 The Cecal microbiome exhibited taxonomic diversity, with both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and new un- identified taxa, as well as bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora. 28853779 2 89 dep bacteria 502:509 arg1 Lachnospiraceae 527:541 Lachnospiraceae 527:541 Lachnospiraceae 527:541 The Cecal microbiome exhibited taxonomic diversity, with both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and new un- identified taxa, as well as bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora. 28853779 6 90 contain had 1248:1250 arg1 content 1228:1234 Cellulose content 1218:1234 Cellulose content in the feed 1218:1246 Cellulose content in the feed had the most pronounced effect on the composition aid structure of bacterial communities. 28853779 6 90 contain had 1248:1250 arg2 effect 1272:1277 the most pronounced effect 1252:1277 the most pronounced effect on the composition aid structure of bacterial communities 1252:1335 Cellulose content in the feed had the most pronounced effect on the composition aid structure of bacterial communities. 28853779 3 91 theme traditional 647:657 arg1 concepts 659:666 traditional concepts 647:666 traditional concepts 647:666 Contrary to traditional concepts, enterococci and bi- fidobacteria were among the minor components of the community, lactate-fermenting species were absent, and typical avian pathogens of the genus Staphylococcus were detected but seldom. 28853779 0 92 theme Mixed 43:47 arg1 Fodder 49:54 Mixed Fodder 43:54 Mixed Fodder 43:54 Broiler Cecal Microbiocenoses Depending on Mixed Fodder. 28853779 7 93 theme starch 1570:1575 arg1 polysadcharides 1577:1591 starch polysadcharides 1570:1591 starch polysadcharides 1570:1591 Decreased cellulose content resulted in a decrease of bacterial abundance by-aii order of mag- nitude and in increased ratios of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysadcharides. 28853779 8 94 theme normal 1611:1616 arg1 inhabitants 1618:1628 the normal inhabitants 1607:1628 the normal inhabitants of avian intes- tine belonging to the genus Ldctobacillus 1607:1686 Abundance of the normal inhabitants of avian intes- tine belonging to the genus Ldctobacillus and the order Bacillales decreased, while the share of Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae increased, including some species capable of causing dysbiotic changes in avian intestine. 28853779 2 95 theme avian 334:338 arg1 intestine 340:348 avian intestine 334:348 avian intestine 334:348 The Cecal microbiome exhibited taxonomic diversity, with both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and new un- identified taxa, as well as bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previ- ously considered restricted to the rumen microflora. 28853779 8 96 theme intes- 1639:1644 arg1 tine 1646:1649 avian intes- tine 1633:1649 avian intes- tine belonging to the genus Ldctobacillus 1633:1686 Abundance of the normal inhabitants of avian intes- tine belonging to the genus Ldctobacillus and the order Bacillales decreased, while the share of Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae increased, including some species capable of causing dysbiotic changes in avian intestine. 28853779 5 97 theme Significant 1016:1026 arg1 fluctuations 1028:1039 Significant fluctuations 1016:1039 Significant fluctuations of abundance and composition of microbial groups within the cecal com- munity and of the parameters of broiler productivity 1016:1163 Significant fluctuations of abundance and composition of microbial groups within the cecal com- munity and of the parameters of broiler productivity were found to occur depending on the feed allowance. 28853779 1 98 theme mixed 235:239 arg1 fodder 241:246 different mixed fodder 225:246 different mixed fodder 225:246 Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) were used to determine the composition of the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder. 28692892 2 0 theme coastal 548:554 arg1 riverine 538:545 riverine, coastal, and oceanic surface waters 538:582 riverine 538:545 Results revealed that the humic-like and tryptophan-like CDOM fluorescent components in riverine, coastal, and oceanic surface waters were photodegraded during irradiation. 28692892 1 1 theme LMW 345:347 arg1 DOM 357:359 low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM 323:359 DOM 357:359 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 7 2 theme amino 1280:1284 arg1 pool 1298:1301 The total hydrolysable amino acid (THAA) pool 1257:1301 The total hydrolysable amino acid (THAA) pool 1257:1301 The total hydrolysable amino acid (THAA) pool changed because of the additional input by the photodegradation of DOM or THAA itself. 28692892 1 3 theme DOM 357:359 arg1 photochemistry 208:221 the photochemistry 204:221 the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM 204:359 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 2 4 from components 524:533 arg1 waters 577:582 riverine, coastal, and oceanic surface waters 538:582 waters 577:582 Results revealed that the humic-like and tryptophan-like CDOM fluorescent components in riverine, coastal, and oceanic surface waters were photodegraded during irradiation. 28692892 2 4 from components 524:533 arg1 riverine 538:545 riverine, coastal, and oceanic surface waters 538:582 riverine 538:545 Results revealed that the humic-like and tryptophan-like CDOM fluorescent components in riverine, coastal, and oceanic surface waters were photodegraded during irradiation. 28692892 10 5 theme carbon 2003:2008 arg1 cycle 2023:2027 the carbon and nitrogen cycle 1999:2027 the carbon and nitrogen cycle in riverine, estuarine and oceanic ecosystems 1999:2073 These results can promote the understanding of irradiation effect on the carbon and nitrogen cycle in riverine, estuarine and oceanic ecosystems. 28692892 1 6 theme organic 252:258 arg1 DOM 268:270 DOM 268:270 DOM 268:270 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 1 6 theme organic 252:258 arg1 <0.22μm 243:249 <0.22μm 243:249 <0.22μm 243:249 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 1 6 theme organic 252:258 arg1 matter 260:265 total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter 226:265 total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM) 226:271 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 10 7 theme oceanic 2056:2062 arg1 ecosystems 2064:2073 oceanic ecosystems 2056:2073 oceanic ecosystems 2056:2073 These results can promote the understanding of irradiation effect on the carbon and nitrogen cycle in riverine, estuarine and oceanic ecosystems. 28692892 2 8 theme surface 569:575 arg1 waters 577:582 riverine, coastal, and oceanic surface waters 538:582 waters 577:582 Results revealed that the humic-like and tryptophan-like CDOM fluorescent components in riverine, coastal, and oceanic surface waters were photodegraded during irradiation. 28692892 3 9 theme tyrosine-like 662:674 arg1 component 676:684 tyrosine-like component 662:684 tyrosine-like component 662:684 However, the photochemical behavior of tyrosine-like component was obscured by the excessive fluorescence intensities of humic- and tryptophan-like fluorescent components. 28692892 1 10 theme coastal 402:408 arg1 area 410:413 its coastal area 398:413 its coastal area 398:413 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 1 11 theme amino 163:167 arg1 acids 169:173 amino acids 163:173 amino acids 163:173 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 10 12 from understanding 1960:1972 arg1 cycle 2023:2027 the carbon and nitrogen cycle 1999:2027 the carbon and nitrogen cycle in riverine, estuarine and oceanic ecosystems 1999:2073 These results can promote the understanding of irradiation effect on the carbon and nitrogen cycle in riverine, estuarine and oceanic ecosystems. 28692892 4 13 link derived 868:874 arg1 DOM 876:878 terrestrially derived DOM 854:878 terrestrially derived DOM 854:878 Light sensitivity varied depending on the source material; terrestrially derived DOM was more susceptible to irradiation than autochthonous DOM. 28692892 3 14 theme excessive 706:714 arg1 intensities 729:739 the excessive fluorescence intensities 702:739 the excessive fluorescence intensities of humic- and tryptophan-like fluorescent components 702:792 However, the photochemical behavior of tyrosine-like component was obscured by the excessive fluorescence intensities of humic- and tryptophan-like fluorescent components. 28692892 10 15 theme nitrogen 2014:2021 arg1 cycle 2023:2027 the carbon and nitrogen cycle 1999:2027 the carbon and nitrogen cycle in riverine, estuarine and oceanic ecosystems 1999:2073 These results can promote the understanding of irradiation effect on the carbon and nitrogen cycle in riverine, estuarine and oceanic ecosystems. 28692892 3 16 theme humic- 744:749 arg1 components 783:792 humic- and tryptophan-like fluorescent components 744:792 humic- and tryptophan-like fluorescent components 744:792 However, the photochemical behavior of tyrosine-like component was obscured by the excessive fluorescence intensities of humic- and tryptophan-like fluorescent components. 28692892 8 17 theme different 1479:1487 arg1 related 1543:1549 related 1543:1549 related 1543:1549 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 8 17 theme different 1479:1487 arg1 behavior 1503:1510 the different photochemical behavior 1475:1510 the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids 1475:1536 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 5 18 dep photodegradation 968:983 arg1 contrast 943:950 contrast 943:950 contrast 943:950 In contrast to the expected photodegradation of CDOM, photo-induced synthetic reaction transformed the LMW matters to polysaccharides (PCHO) and degradation reaction decomposed the HMW DOM to Monosaccharides. 28692892 2 19 theme CDOM 507:510 arg1 components 524:533 the humic-like and tryptophan-like CDOM fluorescent components 472:533 the humic-like and tryptophan-like CDOM fluorescent components in riverine, coastal, and oceanic surface waters 472:582 Results revealed that the humic-like and tryptophan-like CDOM fluorescent components in riverine, coastal, and oceanic surface waters were photodegraded during irradiation. 28692892 7 20 theme THAA 1377:1380 arg1 photodegradation 1350:1365 the photodegradation 1346:1365 the photodegradation of DOM or THAA itself 1346:1387 The total hydrolysable amino acid (THAA) pool changed because of the additional input by the photodegradation of DOM or THAA itself. 28692892 3 21 theme components 783:792 arg1 intensities 729:739 the excessive fluorescence intensities 702:739 the excessive fluorescence intensities of humic- and tryptophan-like fluorescent components 702:792 However, the photochemical behavior of tyrosine-like component was obscured by the excessive fluorescence intensities of humic- and tryptophan-like fluorescent components. 28692892 8 22 theme individual 1515:1524 arg1 acids 1532:1536 individual amino acids 1515:1536 individual amino acids 1515:1536 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 7 23 theme DOM 1370:1372 arg1 photodegradation 1350:1365 the photodegradation 1346:1365 the photodegradation of DOM or THAA itself 1346:1387 The total hydrolysable amino acid (THAA) pool changed because of the additional input by the photodegradation of DOM or THAA itself. 28692892 1 24 dep Chromophoric 98:109 arg1 CDOM 137:140 CDOM 137:140 CDOM 137:140 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 1 24 dep Chromophoric 98:109 arg1 matter 129:134 dissolved organic matter 111:134 dissolved organic matter (CDOM) 111:141 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 3 25 theme tryptophan-like 755:769 arg1 components 783:792 humic- and tryptophan-like fluorescent components 744:792 humic- and tryptophan-like fluorescent components 744:792 However, the photochemical behavior of tyrosine-like component was obscured by the excessive fluorescence intensities of humic- and tryptophan-like fluorescent components. 28692892 7 26 theme hydrolysable 1267:1278 arg1 pool 1298:1301 The total hydrolysable amino acid (THAA) pool 1257:1301 The total hydrolysable amino acid (THAA) pool 1257:1301 The total hydrolysable amino acid (THAA) pool changed because of the additional input by the photodegradation of DOM or THAA itself. 28692892 8 27 theme acids 1532:1536 arg1 related 1543:1549 related 1543:1549 related 1543:1549 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 8 27 theme acids 1532:1536 arg1 behavior 1503:1510 the different photochemical behavior 1475:1510 the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids 1475:1536 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 2 28 theme tryptophan-like 491:505 arg1 components 524:533 the humic-like and tryptophan-like CDOM fluorescent components 472:533 the humic-like and tryptophan-like CDOM fluorescent components in riverine, coastal, and oceanic surface waters 472:582 Results revealed that the humic-like and tryptophan-like CDOM fluorescent components in riverine, coastal, and oceanic surface waters were photodegraded during irradiation. 28692892 1 29 from stations 364:371 arg1 River 388:392 River 388:392 River 388:392 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 10 30 from cycle 2023:2027 arg1 estuarine 2042:2050 estuarine 2042:2050 estuarine 2042:2050 These results can promote the understanding of irradiation effect on the carbon and nitrogen cycle in riverine, estuarine and oceanic ecosystems. 28692892 10 30 from cycle 2023:2027 arg1 understanding 1960:1972 the understanding 1956:1972 the understanding of irradiation effect on the carbon and nitrogen cycle in riverine, estuarine and oceanic ecosystems 1956:2073 These results can promote the understanding of irradiation effect on the carbon and nitrogen cycle in riverine, estuarine and oceanic ecosystems. 28692892 10 30 from cycle 2023:2027 arg1 riverine 2032:2039 riverine 2032:2039 riverine 2032:2039 These results can promote the understanding of irradiation effect on the carbon and nitrogen cycle in riverine, estuarine and oceanic ecosystems. 28692892 10 30 from cycle 2023:2027 arg1 ecosystems 2064:2073 oceanic ecosystems 2056:2073 oceanic ecosystems 2056:2073 These results can promote the understanding of irradiation effect on the carbon and nitrogen cycle in riverine, estuarine and oceanic ecosystems. 28692892 5 31 theme expected 959:966 arg1 photodegradation 968:983 the expected photodegradation 955:983 the expected photodegradation of CDOM 955:991 In contrast to the expected photodegradation of CDOM, photo-induced synthetic reaction transformed the LMW matters to polysaccharides (PCHO) and degradation reaction decomposed the HMW DOM to Monosaccharides. 28692892 8 32 dep Ser 1639:1641 arg1 e.g. 1633:1636 e.g. 1633:1636 e.g. 1633:1636 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 8 33 theme original 1570:1577 arg1 photoreactivities 1579:1595 their different original photoreactivities 1554:1595 their different original photoreactivities 1554:1595 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 0 34 theme estuarine 68:76 arg1 waters 90:95 estuarine and oceanic waters 68:95 estuarine and oceanic waters 68:95 Photochemical behavior of dissolved and colloidal organic matter in estuarine and oceanic waters. 28692892 0 35 theme Photochemical 0:12 arg1 behavior 14:21 Photochemical behavior 0:21 Photochemical behavior of dissolved and colloidal organic matter in estuarine and oceanic waters. 0:96 Photochemical behavior of dissolved and colloidal organic matter in estuarine and oceanic waters. 28692892 1 36 theme matter 260:265 arg1 photochemistry 208:221 the photochemistry 204:221 the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM 204:359 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 1 37 dep DOM 315:317 arg1 1kDa-0.22μm 302:312 high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM 274:317 1kDa-0.22μm 302:312 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 1 38 theme dissolved 111:119 arg1 CDOM 137:140 CDOM 137:140 CDOM 137:140 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 1 38 theme dissolved 111:119 arg1 matter 129:134 dissolved organic matter 111:134 dissolved organic matter (CDOM) 111:141 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 8 39 theme amino 1620:1624 arg1 acids 1626:1630 the relatively stable amino acids 1598:1630 the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) 1598:1650 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 0 40 theme organic 50:56 arg1 matter 58:63 colloidal organic matter 40:63 colloidal organic matter 40:63 Photochemical behavior of dissolved and colloidal organic matter in estuarine and oceanic waters. 28692892 5 41 theme LMW 1043:1045 arg1 matters 1047:1053 the LMW matters 1039:1053 the LMW matters 1039:1053 In contrast to the expected photodegradation of CDOM, photo-induced synthetic reaction transformed the LMW matters to polysaccharides (PCHO) and degradation reaction decomposed the HMW DOM to Monosaccharides. 28692892 9 42 theme colloid 1906:1912 arg1 matter 1922:1927 colloid organic matter 1906:1927 colloid organic matter 1906:1927 The data presented here demonstrated that irradiation significantly influence the conversion between dissolved and colloid organic matter. 28692892 8 43 theme THAA 1410:1413 arg1 compositions 1394:1405 The compositions 1390:1405 The compositions of THAA 1390:1413 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 1 44 dep DOM 357:359 arg1 <1kDa 350:354 low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM 323:359 <1kDa 350:354 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 1 45 theme total 226:230 arg1 DOM 268:270 DOM 268:270 DOM 268:270 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 1 45 theme total 226:230 arg1 <0.22μm 243:249 <0.22μm 243:249 <0.22μm 243:249 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 1 45 theme total 226:230 arg1 matter 260:265 total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter 226:265 total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM) 226:271 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 5 46 theme synthetic 1008:1016 arg1 reaction 1018:1025 photo-induced synthetic reaction 994:1025 photo-induced synthetic reaction 994:1025 In contrast to the expected photodegradation of CDOM, photo-induced synthetic reaction transformed the LMW matters to polysaccharides (PCHO) and degradation reaction decomposed the HMW DOM to Monosaccharides. 28692892 7 47 theme THAA 1292:1295 arg1 pool 1298:1301 The total hydrolysable amino acid (THAA) pool 1257:1301 The total hydrolysable amino acid (THAA) pool 1257:1301 The total hydrolysable amino acid (THAA) pool changed because of the additional input by the photodegradation of DOM or THAA itself. 28692892 10 48 theme effect 1989:1994 arg1 understanding 1960:1972 the understanding 1956:1972 the understanding of irradiation effect on the carbon and nitrogen cycle in riverine, estuarine and oceanic ecosystems 1956:2073 These results can promote the understanding of irradiation effect on the carbon and nitrogen cycle in riverine, estuarine and oceanic ecosystems. 28692892 8 49 theme aromatic 1719:1726 arg1 His 1754:1756 His 1754:1756 His 1754:1756 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 8 49 theme aromatic 1719:1726 arg1 acids 1734:1738 photo-active aromatic amino acids 1706:1738 photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) 1706:1757 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 8 49 theme aromatic 1719:1726 arg1 Tyr 1746:1748 Tyr 1746:1748 Tyr 1746:1748 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 7 50 theme acid 1286:1289 arg1 pool 1298:1301 The total hydrolysable amino acid (THAA) pool 1257:1301 The total hydrolysable amino acid (THAA) pool 1257:1301 The total hydrolysable amino acid (THAA) pool changed because of the additional input by the photodegradation of DOM or THAA itself. 28692892 3 51 theme photochemical 636:648 arg1 behavior 650:657 the photochemical behavior 632:657 the photochemical behavior of tyrosine-like component 632:684 However, the photochemical behavior of tyrosine-like component was obscured by the excessive fluorescence intensities of humic- and tryptophan-like fluorescent components. 28692892 4 52 theme derived 868:874 arg1 DOM 876:878 terrestrially derived DOM 854:878 terrestrially derived DOM 854:878 Light sensitivity varied depending on the source material; terrestrially derived DOM was more susceptible to irradiation than autochthonous DOM. 28692892 2 53 theme oceanic 561:567 arg1 waters 577:582 riverine, coastal, and oceanic surface waters 538:582 waters 577:582 Results revealed that the humic-like and tryptophan-like CDOM fluorescent components in riverine, coastal, and oceanic surface waters were photodegraded during irradiation. 28692892 3 54 theme component 676:684 arg1 behavior 650:657 the photochemical behavior 632:657 the photochemical behavior of tyrosine-like component 632:684 However, the photochemical behavior of tyrosine-like component was obscured by the excessive fluorescence intensities of humic- and tryptophan-like fluorescent components. 28692892 4 55 theme source 837:842 arg1 material 844:851 the source material 833:851 the source material 833:851 Light sensitivity varied depending on the source material; terrestrially derived DOM was more susceptible to irradiation than autochthonous DOM. 28692892 3 56 theme fluorescence 716:727 arg1 intensities 729:739 the excessive fluorescence intensities 702:739 the excessive fluorescence intensities of humic- and tryptophan-like fluorescent components 702:792 However, the photochemical behavior of tyrosine-like component was obscured by the excessive fluorescence intensities of humic- and tryptophan-like fluorescent components. 28692892 2 57 theme humic-like 476:485 arg1 components 524:533 the humic-like and tryptophan-like CDOM fluorescent components 472:533 the humic-like and tryptophan-like CDOM fluorescent components in riverine, coastal, and oceanic surface waters 472:582 Results revealed that the humic-like and tryptophan-like CDOM fluorescent components in riverine, coastal, and oceanic surface waters were photodegraded during irradiation. 28692892 6 58 theme Colloidal 1149:1157 arg1 DOM 1159:1161 Colloidal DOM 1149:1161 Colloidal DOM 1149:1161 Colloidal DOM preferentially underwent photodegradation, whereas permeate DOM mainly photosynthesized PCHO. 28692892 10 59 from effect 1989:1994 arg1 cycle 2023:2027 the carbon and nitrogen cycle 1999:2027 the carbon and nitrogen cycle in riverine, estuarine and oceanic ecosystems 1999:2073 These results can promote the understanding of irradiation effect on the carbon and nitrogen cycle in riverine, estuarine and oceanic ecosystems. 28692892 4 60 theme autochthonous 921:933 arg1 DOM 935:937 autochthonous DOM 921:937 autochthonous DOM 921:937 Light sensitivity varied depending on the source material; terrestrially derived DOM was more susceptible to irradiation than autochthonous DOM. 28692892 8 61 theme photochemical 1489:1501 arg1 related 1543:1549 related 1543:1549 related 1543:1549 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 8 61 theme photochemical 1489:1501 arg1 behavior 1503:1510 the different photochemical behavior 1475:1510 the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids 1475:1536 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 5 62 theme degradation 1085:1095 arg1 reaction 1097:1104 degradation reaction 1085:1104 degradation reaction 1085:1104 In contrast to the expected photodegradation of CDOM, photo-induced synthetic reaction transformed the LMW matters to polysaccharides (PCHO) and degradation reaction decomposed the HMW DOM to Monosaccharides. 28692892 1 63 theme organic 121:127 arg1 CDOM 137:140 CDOM 137:140 CDOM 137:140 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 1 63 theme organic 121:127 arg1 matter 129:134 dissolved organic matter 111:134 dissolved organic matter (CDOM) 111:141 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 2 64 theme fluorescent 512:522 arg1 components 524:533 the humic-like and tryptophan-like CDOM fluorescent components 472:533 the humic-like and tryptophan-like CDOM fluorescent components in riverine, coastal, and oceanic surface waters 472:582 Results revealed that the humic-like and tryptophan-like CDOM fluorescent components in riverine, coastal, and oceanic surface waters were photodegraded during irradiation. 28692892 6 65 dep DOM 1223:1225 arg1 permeate 1214:1221 permeate 1214:1221 permeate 1214:1221 Colloidal DOM preferentially underwent photodegradation, whereas permeate DOM mainly photosynthesized PCHO. 28692892 1 66 theme Pacific 435:441 arg1 Ocean 443:447 the Western Pacific Ocean 423:447 the Western Pacific Ocean 423:447 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 8 67 theme amino 1526:1530 arg1 acids 1532:1536 individual amino acids 1515:1536 individual amino acids 1515:1536 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 7 68 theme total 1261:1265 arg1 pool 1298:1301 The total hydrolysable amino acid (THAA) pool 1257:1301 The total hydrolysable amino acid (THAA) pool 1257:1301 The total hydrolysable amino acid (THAA) pool changed because of the additional input by the photodegradation of DOM or THAA itself. 28692892 3 69 theme fluorescent 771:781 arg1 components 783:792 humic- and tryptophan-like fluorescent components 744:792 humic- and tryptophan-like fluorescent components 744:792 However, the photochemical behavior of tyrosine-like component was obscured by the excessive fluorescence intensities of humic- and tryptophan-like fluorescent components. 28692892 0 70 theme oceanic 82:88 arg1 waters 90:95 estuarine and oceanic waters 68:95 estuarine and oceanic waters 68:95 Photochemical behavior of dissolved and colloidal organic matter in estuarine and oceanic waters. 28692892 0 71 from behavior 14:21 arg1 waters 90:95 estuarine and oceanic waters 68:95 estuarine and oceanic waters 68:95 Photochemical behavior of dissolved and colloidal organic matter in estuarine and oceanic waters. 28692892 1 72 theme DOM 315:317 arg1 photochemistry 208:221 the photochemistry 204:221 the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM 204:359 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 8 73 theme different 1560:1568 arg1 photoreactivities 1579:1595 their different original photoreactivities 1554:1595 their different original photoreactivities 1554:1595 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 1 74 theme low-molecular-weight 323:342 arg1 DOM 357:359 low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM 323:359 DOM 357:359 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 5 75 theme HMW 1121:1123 arg1 DOM 1125:1127 the HMW DOM 1117:1127 the HMW DOM to Monosaccharides 1117:1146 In contrast to the expected photodegradation of CDOM, photo-induced synthetic reaction transformed the LMW matters to polysaccharides (PCHO) and degradation reaction decomposed the HMW DOM to Monosaccharides. 28692892 0 76 theme dissolved 26:34 arg1 behavior 14:21 Photochemical behavior 0:21 Photochemical behavior of dissolved and colloidal organic matter in estuarine and oceanic waters. 0:96 Photochemical behavior of dissolved and colloidal organic matter in estuarine and oceanic waters. 28692892 7 77 theme additional 1326:1335 arg1 input 1337:1341 the additional input 1322:1341 the additional input 1322:1341 The total hydrolysable amino acid (THAA) pool changed because of the additional input by the photodegradation of DOM or THAA itself. 28692892 8 78 theme stable 1613:1618 arg1 acids 1626:1630 the relatively stable amino acids 1598:1630 the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) 1598:1650 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 0 79 theme colloidal 40:48 arg1 matter 58:63 colloidal organic matter 40:63 colloidal organic matter 40:63 Photochemical behavior of dissolved and colloidal organic matter in estuarine and oceanic waters. 28692892 4 80 theme Light 795:799 arg1 sensitivity 801:811 Light sensitivity 795:811 Light sensitivity 795:811 Light sensitivity varied depending on the source material; terrestrially derived DOM was more susceptible to irradiation than autochthonous DOM. 28692892 0 81 theme matter 58:63 arg1 behavior 14:21 Photochemical behavior 0:21 Photochemical behavior of dissolved and colloidal organic matter in estuarine and oceanic waters. 0:96 Photochemical behavior of dissolved and colloidal organic matter in estuarine and oceanic waters. 28692892 1 82 theme high-molecular-weight 274:294 arg1 DOM 315:317 high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM 274:317 DOM 315:317 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 1 83 theme Western 427:433 arg1 Ocean 443:447 the Western Pacific Ocean 423:447 the Western Pacific Ocean 423:447 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 1 84 theme HMW 297:299 arg1 DOM 315:317 high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM 274:317 DOM 315:317 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 5 85 theme CDOM 988:991 arg1 photodegradation 968:983 the expected photodegradation 955:983 the expected photodegradation of CDOM 955:991 In contrast to the expected photodegradation of CDOM, photo-induced synthetic reaction transformed the LMW matters to polysaccharides (PCHO) and degradation reaction decomposed the HMW DOM to Monosaccharides. 28692892 9 86 theme organic 1914:1920 arg1 matter 1922:1927 colloid organic matter 1906:1927 colloid organic matter 1906:1927 The data presented here demonstrated that irradiation significantly influence the conversion between dissolved and colloid organic matter. 28692892 8 87 theme irradiation 1434:1444 arg1 experiments 1446:1456 the irradiation experiments 1430:1456 the irradiation experiments 1430:1456 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 8 88 theme photo-active 1706:1717 arg1 His 1754:1756 His 1754:1756 His 1754:1756 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 8 88 theme photo-active 1706:1717 arg1 acids 1734:1738 photo-active aromatic amino acids 1706:1738 photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) 1706:1757 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 8 88 theme photo-active 1706:1717 arg1 Tyr 1746:1748 Tyr 1746:1748 Tyr 1746:1748 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 5 89 theme photo-induced 994:1006 arg1 reaction 1018:1025 photo-induced synthetic reaction 994:1025 photo-induced synthetic reaction 994:1025 In contrast to the expected photodegradation of CDOM, photo-induced synthetic reaction transformed the LMW matters to polysaccharides (PCHO) and degradation reaction decomposed the HMW DOM to Monosaccharides. 28692892 10 90 theme irradiation 1977:1987 arg1 effect 1989:1994 irradiation effect 1977:1994 irradiation effect on the carbon and nitrogen cycle in riverine, estuarine and oceanic ecosystems 1977:2073 These results can promote the understanding of irradiation effect on the carbon and nitrogen cycle in riverine, estuarine and oceanic ecosystems. 28692892 8 91 theme amino 1728:1732 arg1 His 1754:1756 His 1754:1756 His 1754:1756 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 8 91 theme amino 1728:1732 arg1 acids 1734:1738 photo-active aromatic amino acids 1706:1738 photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) 1706:1757 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 8 91 theme amino 1728:1732 arg1 Tyr 1746:1748 Tyr 1746:1748 Tyr 1746:1748 The compositions of THAA changed during the irradiation experiments, indicating that the different photochemical behavior of individual amino acids were related to their different original photoreactivities; the relatively stable amino acids (e.g., Ser and Gly) significantly accumulated during irradiation, whereas photo-active aromatic amino acids (e.g. Tyr and His) were prone to photodegradation. 28692892 1 92 theme dissolved 232:240 arg1 DOM 268:270 DOM 268:270 DOM 268:270 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 1 92 theme dissolved 232:240 arg1 <0.22μm 243:249 <0.22μm 243:249 <0.22μm 243:249 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28692892 1 92 theme dissolved 232:240 arg1 matter 260:265 total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter 226:265 total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM) 226:271 Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), carbohydrates, and amino acids were analyzed to investigate the photochemistry of total dissolved (<0.22μm) organic matter (DOM), high-molecular-weight (HMW, 1kDa-0.22μm) DOM and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <1kDa) DOM at stations in the Yangtze River and its coastal area, and in the Western Pacific Ocean. 28549327 0 0 theme nitrification 80:92 arg1 reactor 111:117 a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor 70:117 a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation 70:168 Achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation. 28549327 0 1 from performance 13:23 arg1 reactor 111:117 a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor 70:117 a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation 70:168 Achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation. 28549327 3 2 theme SOUR 701:704 arg1 NO2 706:708 (SOUR)NO2 700:708 (SOUR)NO2 700:708 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 4 3 theme microbial 982:990 arg1 SMP 1002:1004 SMP 1002:1004 SMP 1002:1004 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), were both reduced during the achievement of partial nitrification. 28549327 4 3 theme microbial 982:990 arg1 products 992:999 soluble microbial products 974:999 soluble microbial products (SMP) 974:1005 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), were both reduced during the achievement of partial nitrification. 28549327 4 3 theme microbial 982:990 arg1 polysaccharides 1036:1050 polysaccharides 1036:1050 polysaccharides (PS) 1036:1055 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), were both reduced during the achievement of partial nitrification. 28549327 4 3 theme microbial 982:990 arg1 proteins 1018:1025 proteins 1018:1025 proteins (PN) 1018:1030 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), were both reduced during the achievement of partial nitrification. 28549327 1 4 theme microbial 258:266 arg1 products 268:275 microbial products 258:275 microbial products 258:275 This study was carried out to evaluate achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). 28549327 0 5 theme partial 72:78 arg1 reactor 111:117 a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor 70:117 a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation 70:168 Achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation. 28549327 1 6 theme ammonium 361:368 arg1 anammox 381:387 anammox 381:387 anammox 381:387 This study was carried out to evaluate achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). 28549327 1 6 theme ammonium 361:368 arg1 oxidation 370:378 anaerobic ammonium oxidation 351:378 anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) 351:388 This study was carried out to evaluate achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). 28549327 7 7 theme partial 1614:1620 arg1 nitrification 1622:1634 partial nitrification 1614:1634 partial nitrification through the characteristics of microbial products 1614:1684 The obtained results could provide more information on the performance of partial nitrification through the characteristics of microbial products when treating high ammonium wastewater. 28549327 5 8 theme synchronous 1183:1193 arg1 spectra 1208:1214 synchronous fluorescence spectra 1183:1214 synchronous fluorescence spectra 1183:1214 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) and synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed that PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances were identified in both EPS and SMP, and their fluorescence intensities changed significantly after partial nitrification achievement. 28549327 1 9 theme products 268:275 arg1 characteristics 239:253 characteristics 239:253 characteristics 239:253 This study was carried out to evaluate achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). 28549327 1 9 theme products 268:275 arg1 performance 223:233 performance 223:233 performance 223:233 This study was carried out to evaluate achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). 28549327 1 9 theme products 268:275 arg1 achievement 210:220 achievement 210:220 achievement 210:220 This study was carried out to evaluate achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). 28549327 1 9 theme products 268:275 arg1 pretreatment 334:345 a pretreatment 332:345 a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) 332:388 This study was carried out to evaluate achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). 28549327 0 10 theme batch 105:109 arg1 reactor 111:117 a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor 70:117 a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation 70:168 Achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation. 28549327 0 11 from Achievement 0:10 arg1 reactor 111:117 a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor 70:117 a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation 70:168 Achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation. 28549327 5 12 theme fluorescence 1195:1206 arg1 spectra 1208:1214 synchronous fluorescence spectra 1183:1214 synchronous fluorescence spectra 1183:1214 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) and synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed that PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances were identified in both EPS and SMP, and their fluorescence intensities changed significantly after partial nitrification achievement. 28549327 3 13 theme nitrite 750:756 arg1 NOB 778:780 NOB 778:780 NOB 778:780 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 3 13 theme nitrite 750:756 arg1 bacteria 768:775 nitrite oxidizing bacteria 750:775 nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) 750:781 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 0 14 theme sequencing 94:103 arg1 reactor 111:117 a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor 70:117 a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation 70:168 Achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation. 28549327 5 15 theme partial 1387:1393 arg1 achievement 1409:1419 partial nitrification achievement 1387:1419 partial nitrification achievement 1387:1419 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) and synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed that PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances were identified in both EPS and SMP, and their fluorescence intensities changed significantly after partial nitrification achievement. 28549327 6 16 theme free 1459:1462 arg1 ammonia 1464:1470 free ammonia 1459:1470 free ammonia (FA) 1459:1475 It was found from typical cycle that free ammonia (FA) may play a significant role on inhibiting the activity of NOB. 28549327 6 16 theme free 1459:1462 arg1 FA 1473:1474 FA 1473:1474 FA 1473:1474 It was found from typical cycle that free ammonia (FA) may play a significant role on inhibiting the activity of NOB. 28549327 5 17 theme humic 1260:1264 arg1 substances 1276:1285 PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances 1230:1285 PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances 1230:1285 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) and synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed that PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances were identified in both EPS and SMP, and their fluorescence intensities changed significantly after partial nitrification achievement. 28549327 3 18 theme oxidizing 758:766 arg1 NOB 778:780 NOB 778:780 NOB 778:780 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 3 18 theme oxidizing 758:766 arg1 bacteria 768:775 nitrite oxidizing bacteria 750:775 nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) 750:781 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 7 19 theme nitrification 1622:1634 arg1 performance 1599:1609 the performance 1595:1609 the performance of partial nitrification through the characteristics of microbial products 1595:1684 The obtained results could provide more information on the performance of partial nitrification through the characteristics of microbial products when treating high ammonium wastewater. 28549327 5 20 theme nitrification 1395:1407 arg1 achievement 1409:1419 partial nitrification achievement 1387:1419 partial nitrification achievement 1387:1419 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) and synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed that PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances were identified in both EPS and SMP, and their fluorescence intensities changed significantly after partial nitrification achievement. 28549327 5 21 theme acid-like 1266:1274 arg1 substances 1276:1285 PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances 1230:1285 PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances 1230:1285 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) and synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed that PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances were identified in both EPS and SMP, and their fluorescence intensities changed significantly after partial nitrification achievement. 28549327 2 22 theme long-term 406:414 arg1 operation 416:424 100 days long-term operation 397:424 100 days long-term operation 397:424 After 100 days long-term operation, the effluent NO2--N/NH4+N ratio of the reactor was average at 1.3 and NO3--N concentration was low by controlling low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, which was considered as the ideal influent for anammox. 28549327 2 23 theme reactor 466:472 arg1 ratio 453:457 the effluent NO2--N/NH4+N ratio 427:457 the effluent NO2--N/NH4+N ratio of the reactor 427:472 After 100 days long-term operation, the effluent NO2--N/NH4+N ratio of the reactor was average at 1.3 and NO3--N concentration was low by controlling low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, which was considered as the ideal influent for anammox. 28549327 3 24 theme SOUR 687:690 arg1 NH4 692:694 (SOUR)NH4 686:694 (SOUR)NH4 686:694 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 3 25 theme bacteria 768:775 arg1 NO2 706:708 (SOUR)NO2 700:708 (SOUR)NO2 700:708 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 3 25 theme bacteria 768:775 arg1 NH4 692:694 (SOUR)NH4 686:694 (SOUR)NH4 686:694 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 4 26 theme nitrification 1110:1122 arg1 achievement 1087:1097 the achievement 1083:1097 the achievement of partial nitrification 1083:1122 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), were both reduced during the achievement of partial nitrification. 28549327 5 27 theme Three-dimensional 1125:1141 arg1 matrix 1163:1168 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix 1125:1168 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) 1125:1177 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) and synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed that PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances were identified in both EPS and SMP, and their fluorescence intensities changed significantly after partial nitrification achievement. 28549327 5 27 theme Three-dimensional 1125:1141 arg1 3D-EEM 1171:1176 3D-EEM 1171:1176 3D-EEM 1171:1176 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) and synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed that PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances were identified in both EPS and SMP, and their fluorescence intensities changed significantly after partial nitrification achievement. 28549327 2 28 theme days 401:404 arg1 operation 416:424 100 days long-term operation 397:424 100 days long-term operation 397:424 After 100 days long-term operation, the effluent NO2--N/NH4+N ratio of the reactor was average at 1.3 and NO3--N concentration was low by controlling low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, which was considered as the ideal influent for anammox. 28549327 0 29 from characteristics 29:43 arg1 reactor 111:117 a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor 70:117 a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation 70:168 Achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation. 28549327 2 30 theme ideal 610:614 arg1 concentration 567:579 low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration 541:579 low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration 541:579 After 100 days long-term operation, the effluent NO2--N/NH4+N ratio of the reactor was average at 1.3 and NO3--N concentration was low by controlling low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, which was considered as the ideal influent for anammox. 28549327 2 30 theme ideal 610:614 arg1 influent 616:623 the ideal influent 606:623 the ideal influent for anammox 606:635 After 100 days long-term operation, the effluent NO2--N/NH4+N ratio of the reactor was average at 1.3 and NO3--N concentration was low by controlling low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, which was considered as the ideal influent for anammox. 28549327 4 31 theme partial 1102:1108 arg1 nitrification 1110:1122 partial nitrification 1102:1122 partial nitrification 1102:1122 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), were both reduced during the achievement of partial nitrification. 28549327 3 32 theme O2/g 836:839 arg1 SS/h 841:844 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h 806:844 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h 806:844 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 1 33 theme anaerobic 351:359 arg1 anammox 381:387 anammox 381:387 anammox 381:387 This study was carried out to evaluate achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). 28549327 1 33 theme anaerobic 351:359 arg1 oxidation 370:378 anaerobic ammonium oxidation 351:378 anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) 351:388 This study was carried out to evaluate achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). 28549327 2 34 theme dissolved 545:553 arg1 oxygen 555:560 dissolved oxygen 545:560 low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration 541:579 After 100 days long-term operation, the effluent NO2--N/NH4+N ratio of the reactor was average at 1.3 and NO3--N concentration was low by controlling low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, which was considered as the ideal influent for anammox. 28549327 1 35 theme partial 282:288 arg1 reactor 321:327 a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor 280:327 a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor 280:327 This study was carried out to evaluate achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). 28549327 3 36 from NO2 706:708 arg1 sludge 786:791 sludge 786:791 sludge 786:791 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 7 37 theme ammonium 1705:1712 arg1 wastewater 1714:1723 high ammonium wastewater 1700:1723 high ammonium wastewater 1700:1723 The obtained results could provide more information on the performance of partial nitrification through the characteristics of microbial products when treating high ammonium wastewater. 28549327 3 38 from NH4 692:694 arg1 sludge 786:791 sludge 786:791 sludge 786:791 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 1 39 theme nitrification 290:302 arg1 reactor 321:327 a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor 280:327 a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor 280:327 This study was carried out to evaluate achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). 28549327 6 40 theme NOB 1535:1537 arg1 activity 1523:1530 the activity 1519:1530 the activity of NOB 1519:1537 It was found from typical cycle that free ammonia (FA) may play a significant role on inhibiting the activity of NOB. 28549327 3 41 theme O2/g 879:882 arg1 SS/h 884:887 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h 849:887 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h 849:887 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 2 42 theme effluent 431:438 arg1 ratio 453:457 the effluent NO2--N/NH4+N ratio 427:457 the effluent NO2--N/NH4+N ratio of the reactor 427:472 After 100 days long-term operation, the effluent NO2--N/NH4+N ratio of the reactor was average at 1.3 and NO3--N concentration was low by controlling low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, which was considered as the ideal influent for anammox. 28549327 2 43 theme NO2--N/NH4+N 440:451 arg1 ratio 453:457 the effluent NO2--N/NH4+N ratio 427:457 the effluent NO2--N/NH4+N ratio of the reactor 427:472 After 100 days long-term operation, the effluent NO2--N/NH4+N ratio of the reactor was average at 1.3 and NO3--N concentration was low by controlling low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, which was considered as the ideal influent for anammox. 28549327 1 44 theme sequencing 304:313 arg1 reactor 321:327 a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor 280:327 a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor 280:327 This study was carried out to evaluate achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). 28549327 2 45 theme oxygen 555:560 arg1 influent 616:623 the ideal influent 606:623 the ideal influent for anammox 606:635 After 100 days long-term operation, the effluent NO2--N/NH4+N ratio of the reactor was average at 1.3 and NO3--N concentration was low by controlling low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, which was considered as the ideal influent for anammox. 28549327 2 45 theme oxygen 555:560 arg1 concentration 567:579 low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration 541:579 low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration 541:579 After 100 days long-term operation, the effluent NO2--N/NH4+N ratio of the reactor was average at 1.3 and NO3--N concentration was low by controlling low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, which was considered as the ideal influent for anammox. 28549327 3 46 theme Specific 638:645 arg1 rate 661:664 Specific oxygen uptake rate 638:664 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) 638:671 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 3 46 theme Specific 638:645 arg1 SOUR 667:670 SOUR 667:670 SOUR 667:670 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 5 47 theme acid-like 1246:1254 arg1 substances 1276:1285 PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances 1230:1285 PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances 1230:1285 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) and synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed that PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances were identified in both EPS and SMP, and their fluorescence intensities changed significantly after partial nitrification achievement. 28549327 4 48 theme polymeric 943:951 arg1 substances 953:962 extracellular polymeric substances 929:962 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 929:968 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), were both reduced during the achievement of partial nitrification. 28549327 4 48 theme polymeric 943:951 arg1 polysaccharides 1036:1050 polysaccharides 1036:1050 polysaccharides (PS) 1036:1055 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), were both reduced during the achievement of partial nitrification. 28549327 4 48 theme polymeric 943:951 arg1 EPS 965:967 EPS 965:967 EPS 965:967 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), were both reduced during the achievement of partial nitrification. 28549327 4 48 theme polymeric 943:951 arg1 proteins 1018:1025 proteins 1018:1025 proteins (PN) 1018:1030 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), were both reduced during the achievement of partial nitrification. 28549327 1 49 theme batch 315:319 arg1 reactor 321:327 a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor 280:327 a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor 280:327 This study was carried out to evaluate achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). 28549327 0 50 theme anaerobic 141:149 arg1 oxidation 160:168 anaerobic ammonium oxidation 141:168 anaerobic ammonium oxidation 141:168 Achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation. 28549327 3 51 theme oxygen 647:652 arg1 rate 661:664 Specific oxygen uptake rate 638:664 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) 638:671 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 3 51 theme oxygen 647:652 arg1 SOUR 667:670 SOUR 667:670 SOUR 667:670 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 7 52 from information 1580:1590 arg1 performance 1599:1609 the performance 1595:1609 the performance of partial nitrification through the characteristics of microbial products 1595:1684 The obtained results could provide more information on the performance of partial nitrification through the characteristics of microbial products when treating high ammonium wastewater. 28549327 4 53 theme extracellular 929:941 arg1 substances 953:962 extracellular polymeric substances 929:962 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 929:968 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), were both reduced during the achievement of partial nitrification. 28549327 4 53 theme extracellular 929:941 arg1 polysaccharides 1036:1050 polysaccharides 1036:1050 polysaccharides (PS) 1036:1055 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), were both reduced during the achievement of partial nitrification. 28549327 4 53 theme extracellular 929:941 arg1 EPS 965:967 EPS 965:967 EPS 965:967 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), were both reduced during the achievement of partial nitrification. 28549327 4 53 theme extracellular 929:941 arg1 proteins 1018:1025 proteins 1018:1025 proteins (PN) 1018:1030 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), were both reduced during the achievement of partial nitrification. 28549327 3 54 theme oxidizing 721:729 arg1 AOB 741:743 AOB 741:743 AOB 741:743 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 3 54 theme oxidizing 721:729 arg1 bacteria 731:738 ammonia oxidizing bacteria 713:738 ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) 713:744 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 2 55 theme low 541:543 arg1 influent 616:623 the ideal influent 606:623 the ideal influent for anammox 606:635 After 100 days long-term operation, the effluent NO2--N/NH4+N ratio of the reactor was average at 1.3 and NO3--N concentration was low by controlling low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, which was considered as the ideal influent for anammox. 28549327 2 55 theme low 541:543 arg1 concentration 567:579 low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration 541:579 low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration 541:579 After 100 days long-term operation, the effluent NO2--N/NH4+N ratio of the reactor was average at 1.3 and NO3--N concentration was low by controlling low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, which was considered as the ideal influent for anammox. 28549327 2 56 from concentration 504:516 arg1 average 478:484 average 478:484 average 478:484 After 100 days long-term operation, the effluent NO2--N/NH4+N ratio of the reactor was average at 1.3 and NO3--N concentration was low by controlling low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, which was considered as the ideal influent for anammox. 28549327 4 57 theme soluble 974:980 arg1 SMP 1002:1004 SMP 1002:1004 SMP 1002:1004 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), were both reduced during the achievement of partial nitrification. 28549327 4 57 theme soluble 974:980 arg1 products 992:999 soluble microbial products 974:999 soluble microbial products (SMP) 974:1005 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), were both reduced during the achievement of partial nitrification. 28549327 4 57 theme soluble 974:980 arg1 polysaccharides 1036:1050 polysaccharides 1036:1050 polysaccharides (PS) 1036:1055 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), were both reduced during the achievement of partial nitrification. 28549327 4 57 theme soluble 974:980 arg1 proteins 1018:1025 proteins 1018:1025 proteins (PN) 1018:1030 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), were both reduced during the achievement of partial nitrification. 28549327 2 58 dep oxygen 555:560 arg1 DO 563:564 DO 563:564 DO 563:564 After 100 days long-term operation, the effluent NO2--N/NH4+N ratio of the reactor was average at 1.3 and NO3--N concentration was low by controlling low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, which was considered as the ideal influent for anammox. 28549327 0 59 theme products 58:65 arg1 performance 13:23 performance 13:23 performance 13:23 Achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation. 28549327 0 59 theme products 58:65 arg1 Achievement 0:10 Achievement 0:10 Achievement 0:10 Achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation. 28549327 0 59 theme products 58:65 arg1 characteristics 29:43 characteristics 29:43 characteristics 29:43 Achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation. 28549327 3 60 theme bacteria 731:738 arg1 NO2 706:708 (SOUR)NO2 700:708 (SOUR)NO2 700:708 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 3 60 theme bacteria 731:738 arg1 NH4 692:694 (SOUR)NH4 686:694 (SOUR)NH4 686:694 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 7 61 theme more 1575:1578 arg1 information 1580:1590 more information 1575:1590 more information on the performance of partial nitrification through the characteristics of microbial products 1575:1684 The obtained results could provide more information on the performance of partial nitrification through the characteristics of microbial products when treating high ammonium wastewater. 28549327 0 62 theme microbial 48:56 arg1 products 58:65 microbial products 48:65 microbial products 48:65 Achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation. 28549327 0 63 theme ammonium 151:158 arg1 oxidation 160:168 anaerobic ammonium oxidation 141:168 anaerobic ammonium oxidation 141:168 Achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation. 28549327 4 64 theme substances 953:962 arg1 compositions 913:924 The main compositions 904:924 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), 904:1056 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), were both reduced during the achievement of partial nitrification. 28549327 3 65 theme ammonia 713:719 arg1 AOB 741:743 AOB 741:743 AOB 741:743 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 3 65 theme ammonia 713:719 arg1 bacteria 731:738 ammonia oxidizing bacteria 713:738 ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) 713:744 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 5 66 theme fluorescence 1334:1345 arg1 intensities 1347:1357 their fluorescence intensities 1328:1357 their fluorescence intensities 1328:1357 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) and synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed that PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances were identified in both EPS and SMP, and their fluorescence intensities changed significantly after partial nitrification achievement. 28549327 7 67 theme microbial 1667:1675 arg1 products 1677:1684 microbial products 1667:1684 microbial products 1667:1684 The obtained results could provide more information on the performance of partial nitrification through the characteristics of microbial products when treating high ammonium wastewater. 28549327 6 68 theme typical 1440:1446 arg1 cycle 1448:1452 typical cycle 1440:1452 typical cycle 1440:1452 It was found from typical cycle that free ammonia (FA) may play a significant role on inhibiting the activity of NOB. 28549327 5 69 theme excitation-emission 1143:1161 arg1 matrix 1163:1168 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix 1125:1168 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) 1125:1177 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) and synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed that PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances were identified in both EPS and SMP, and their fluorescence intensities changed significantly after partial nitrification achievement. 28549327 5 69 theme excitation-emission 1143:1161 arg1 3D-EEM 1171:1176 3D-EEM 1171:1176 3D-EEM 1171:1176 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) and synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed that PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances were identified in both EPS and SMP, and their fluorescence intensities changed significantly after partial nitrification achievement. 28549327 3 70 theme uptake 654:659 arg1 rate 661:664 Specific oxygen uptake rate 638:664 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) 638:671 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 3 70 theme uptake 654:659 arg1 SOUR 667:670 SOUR 667:670 SOUR 667:670 Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. 28549327 7 71 theme obtained 1544:1551 arg1 results 1553:1559 The obtained results 1540:1559 The obtained results 1540:1559 The obtained results could provide more information on the performance of partial nitrification through the characteristics of microbial products when treating high ammonium wastewater. 28549327 7 72 theme products 1677:1684 arg1 characteristics 1648:1662 the characteristics 1644:1662 the characteristics of microbial products 1644:1684 The obtained results could provide more information on the performance of partial nitrification through the characteristics of microbial products when treating high ammonium wastewater. 28549327 4 73 theme main 908:911 arg1 compositions 913:924 The main compositions 904:924 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), 904:1056 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), were both reduced during the achievement of partial nitrification. 28549327 5 74 theme PN-like 1230:1236 arg1 substances 1276:1285 PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances 1230:1285 PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances 1230:1285 Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) and synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed that PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances were identified in both EPS and SMP, and their fluorescence intensities changed significantly after partial nitrification achievement. 28549327 6 75 theme significant 1488:1498 arg1 role 1500:1503 a significant role 1486:1503 a significant role 1486:1503 It was found from typical cycle that free ammonia (FA) may play a significant role on inhibiting the activity of NOB. 28549327 4 76 theme products 992:999 arg1 compositions 913:924 The main compositions 904:924 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), 904:1056 The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), were both reduced during the achievement of partial nitrification. 28549327 7 77 theme high 1700:1703 arg1 wastewater 1714:1723 high ammonium wastewater 1700:1723 high ammonium wastewater 1700:1723 The obtained results could provide more information on the performance of partial nitrification through the characteristics of microbial products when treating high ammonium wastewater. 28515473 5 0 theme O-GlcNAcylation 841:855 arg1 components 788:797 components 788:797 components of hexosamine biosynthesis/signalling and O-GlcNAcylation 788:855 Using a mouse model of maternal corticosterone (Cort) exposure, we examined components of hexosamine biosynthesis/signalling and O-GlcNAcylation in whole placentae at E14.5. 28515473 4 1 theme key 556:558 arg1 enzyme 560:565 The key enzyme 552:565 The key enzyme involved 552:574 The key enzyme involved is O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), a gene recently identified as a sex-specific placental biomarker of maternal stress. 28515473 4 1 theme key 556:558 arg1 transferase 608:618 O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 579:618 O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 579:624 The key enzyme involved is O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), a gene recently identified as a sex-specific placental biomarker of maternal stress. 28515473 0 2 with interactions 46:57 arg1 receptor 83:90 the glucocorticoid receptor 64:90 the glucocorticoid receptor 64:90 Placental O-GlcNAc-transferase expression and interactions with the glucocorticoid receptor are sex specific and regulated by maternal corticosterone exposure in mice. 28515473 1 3 theme stress 177:182 arg1 programs 184:191 Maternal stress programs 168:191 Maternal stress programs offspring disease in a sexually dimorphic manner with males 168:251 Maternal stress programs offspring disease in a sexually dimorphic manner with males often more adversely affected. 28515473 6 4 theme responsive 1079:1088 arg1 complex 1113:1119 the stress responsive OGT/GR transrepression complex 1068:1119 the stress responsive OGT/GR transrepression complex 1068:1119 Our results demonstrate sex-specific differences in OGT levels and O-GlcNAcylation during Cort exposure which impacts on key mediators of cell survival, in particular AKT as well as the stress responsive OGT/GR transrepression complex. 28515473 5 5 theme exposure 766:773 arg1 model 726:730 a mouse model 718:730 a mouse model of maternal corticosterone (Cort) exposure 718:773 Using a mouse model of maternal corticosterone (Cort) exposure, we examined components of hexosamine biosynthesis/signalling and O-GlcNAcylation in whole placentae at E14.5. 28515473 6 6 theme key 1007:1009 arg1 mediators 1011:1019 key mediators 1007:1019 key mediators of cell survival 1007:1036 Our results demonstrate sex-specific differences in OGT levels and O-GlcNAcylation during Cort exposure which impacts on key mediators of cell survival, in particular AKT as well as the stress responsive OGT/GR transrepression complex. 28515473 5 7 theme mouse 720:724 arg1 model 726:730 a mouse model 718:730 a mouse model of maternal corticosterone (Cort) exposure 718:773 Using a mouse model of maternal corticosterone (Cort) exposure, we examined components of hexosamine biosynthesis/signalling and O-GlcNAcylation in whole placentae at E14.5. 28515473 3 8 theme hexosamine 407:416 arg1 pathway 429:435 The hexosamine signalling pathway 403:435 The hexosamine signalling pathway 403:435 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 3 8 theme hexosamine 407:416 arg1 glycosylation 450:462 O-linked glycosylation 441:462 O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) 441:480 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 3 8 theme hexosamine 407:416 arg1 part 486:489 part 486:489 part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells 486:549 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 10 9 theme global 1499:1504 arg1 O-GlcNacylation 1506:1520 global O-GlcNacylation 1499:1520 global O-GlcNacylation 1499:1520 In male placentae Cort increased OGT and OGT/GR complex with no change in global O-GlcNacylation. 28515473 2 10 theme exposure 328:335 arg1 studies 293:299 Previous studies 284:299 Previous studies of maternal glucocorticoid exposure 284:335 Previous studies of maternal glucocorticoid exposure suggest male vulnerability may derive from placental alterations. 28515473 10 11 theme OGT/GR 1466:1471 arg1 complex 1473:1479 OGT/GR complex 1466:1479 OGT/GR complex 1466:1479 In male placentae Cort increased OGT and OGT/GR complex with no change in global O-GlcNacylation. 28515473 3 12 theme signalling 418:427 arg1 pathway 429:435 The hexosamine signalling pathway 403:435 The hexosamine signalling pathway 403:435 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 3 12 theme signalling 418:427 arg1 glycosylation 450:462 O-linked glycosylation 441:462 O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) 441:480 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 3 12 theme signalling 418:427 arg1 part 486:489 part 486:489 part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells 486:549 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 9 13 from levels 1360:1365 arg1 placentae 1377:1385 female placentae 1370:1385 female placentae 1370:1385 Cort exposure did not alter these levels in female placentae but increased global O-GlcNacylation. 28515473 7 14 theme decreased 1212:1220 arg1 phosphorylation 1222:1236 decreased phosphorylation 1212:1236 decreased phosphorylation 1212:1236 In male placentae only, Cort exposure increased Akt O-GlcNacylation which correlated with decreased phosphorylation. 28515473 2 15 theme glucocorticoid 313:326 arg1 exposure 328:335 maternal glucocorticoid exposure 304:335 maternal glucocorticoid exposure 304:335 Previous studies of maternal glucocorticoid exposure suggest male vulnerability may derive from placental alterations. 28515473 10 16 from change 1489:1494 arg1 O-GlcNacylation 1506:1520 global O-GlcNacylation 1499:1520 global O-GlcNacylation 1499:1520 In male placentae Cort increased OGT and OGT/GR complex with no change in global O-GlcNacylation. 28515473 0 17 theme maternal 126:133 arg1 exposure 150:157 maternal corticosterone exposure 126:157 maternal corticosterone exposure 126:157 Placental O-GlcNAc-transferase expression and interactions with the glucocorticoid receptor are sex specific and regulated by maternal corticosterone exposure in mice. 28515473 8 18 theme OGT/GR 1281:1286 arg1 complex 1288:1294 OGT/GR complex 1281:1294 OGT/GR complex 1281:1294 Female placentae had higher basal OGT and OGT/GR complex compared with male placentae. 28515473 4 19 theme maternal 695:702 arg1 stress 704:709 maternal stress 695:709 maternal stress 695:709 The key enzyme involved is O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), a gene recently identified as a sex-specific placental biomarker of maternal stress. 28515473 2 20 theme maternal 304:311 arg1 exposure 328:335 maternal glucocorticoid exposure 304:335 maternal glucocorticoid exposure 304:335 Previous studies of maternal glucocorticoid exposure suggest male vulnerability may derive from placental alterations. 28515473 5 21 theme hexosamine 802:811 arg1 biosynthesis/signalling 813:835 hexosamine biosynthesis/signalling 802:835 hexosamine biosynthesis/signalling 802:835 Using a mouse model of maternal corticosterone (Cort) exposure, we examined components of hexosamine biosynthesis/signalling and O-GlcNAcylation in whole placentae at E14.5. 28515473 6 22 from differences 923:933 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 953:967 O-GlcNAcylation 953:967 O-GlcNAcylation 953:967 Our results demonstrate sex-specific differences in OGT levels and O-GlcNAcylation during Cort exposure which impacts on key mediators of cell survival, in particular AKT as well as the stress responsive OGT/GR transrepression complex. 28515473 6 22 from differences 923:933 arg1 levels 942:947 OGT levels 938:947 OGT levels 938:947 Our results demonstrate sex-specific differences in OGT levels and O-GlcNAcylation during Cort exposure which impacts on key mediators of cell survival, in particular AKT as well as the stress responsive OGT/GR transrepression complex. 28515473 11 23 theme dimorphic 1625:1633 arg1 responses 1635:1643 the sexually dimorphic responses 1612:1643 the sexually dimorphic responses to stress 1612:1653 These findings suggest that sex-specific differences in placental OGT play a key role in the sexually dimorphic responses to stress. 28515473 3 24 theme essential 497:505 arg1 response 525:532 an essential adaptive survival response 494:532 an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells 494:549 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 0 25 theme O-GlcNAc-transferase 10:29 arg1 expression 31:40 Placental O-GlcNAc-transferase expression 0:40 Placental O-GlcNAc-transferase expression 0:40 Placental O-GlcNAc-transferase expression and interactions with the glucocorticoid receptor are sex specific and regulated by maternal corticosterone exposure in mice. 28515473 6 26 theme Cort 976:979 arg1 exposure 981:988 Cort exposure 976:988 Cort exposure which impacts on key mediators of cell survival 976:1036 Our results demonstrate sex-specific differences in OGT levels and O-GlcNAcylation during Cort exposure which impacts on key mediators of cell survival, in particular AKT as well as the stress responsive OGT/GR transrepression complex. 28515473 7 27 theme Akt 1170:1172 arg1 O-GlcNacylation 1174:1188 Akt O-GlcNacylation 1170:1188 Akt O-GlcNacylation which correlated with decreased phosphorylation 1170:1236 In male placentae only, Cort exposure increased Akt O-GlcNacylation which correlated with decreased phosphorylation. 28515473 3 28 from cells 545:549 arg1 part 486:489 part 486:489 part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells 486:549 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 3 28 from cells 545:549 arg1 glycosylation 450:462 O-linked glycosylation 441:462 O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) 441:480 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 3 28 from cells 545:549 arg1 pathway 429:435 The hexosamine signalling pathway 403:435 The hexosamine signalling pathway 403:435 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 8 29 contain had 1256:1258 arg2 complex 1288:1294 OGT/GR complex 1281:1294 OGT/GR complex 1281:1294 Female placentae had higher basal OGT and OGT/GR complex compared with male placentae. 28515473 8 29 contain had 1256:1258 arg2 OGT 1273:1275 higher basal OGT 1260:1275 higher basal OGT 1260:1275 Female placentae had higher basal OGT and OGT/GR complex compared with male placentae. 28515473 8 29 contain had 1256:1258 arg1 placentae 1246:1254 Female placentae 1239:1254 Female placentae 1239:1254 Female placentae had higher basal OGT and OGT/GR complex compared with male placentae. 28515473 11 30 theme sex-specific 1551:1562 arg1 differences 1564:1574 sex-specific differences 1551:1574 sex-specific differences in placental OGT 1551:1591 These findings suggest that sex-specific differences in placental OGT play a key role in the sexually dimorphic responses to stress. 28515473 0 31 theme Placental 0:8 arg1 expression 31:40 Placental O-GlcNAc-transferase expression 0:40 Placental O-GlcNAc-transferase expression 0:40 Placental O-GlcNAc-transferase expression and interactions with the glucocorticoid receptor are sex specific and regulated by maternal corticosterone exposure in mice. 28515473 9 32 theme Cort 1326:1329 arg1 exposure 1331:1338 Cort exposure 1326:1338 Cort exposure 1326:1338 Cort exposure did not alter these levels in female placentae but increased global O-GlcNacylation. 28515473 8 33 theme higher 1260:1265 arg1 OGT 1273:1275 higher basal OGT 1260:1275 higher basal OGT 1260:1275 Female placentae had higher basal OGT and OGT/GR complex compared with male placentae. 28515473 8 34 theme male 1310:1313 arg1 placentae 1315:1323 male placentae 1310:1323 male placentae 1310:1323 Female placentae had higher basal OGT and OGT/GR complex compared with male placentae. 28515473 11 35 from differences 1564:1574 arg1 OGT 1589:1591 placental OGT 1579:1591 placental OGT 1579:1591 These findings suggest that sex-specific differences in placental OGT play a key role in the sexually dimorphic responses to stress. 28515473 1 36 with manner 235:240 arg1 males 247:251 males 247:251 males 247:251 Maternal stress programs offspring disease in a sexually dimorphic manner with males often more adversely affected. 28515473 2 37 theme male 345:348 arg1 vulnerability 350:362 male vulnerability 345:362 male vulnerability 345:362 Previous studies of maternal glucocorticoid exposure suggest male vulnerability may derive from placental alterations. 28515473 10 38 theme male 1428:1431 arg1 placentae 1433:1441 male placentae 1428:1441 male placentae 1428:1441 In male placentae Cort increased OGT and OGT/GR complex with no change in global O-GlcNacylation. 28515473 3 39 theme response 525:532 arg1 part 486:489 part 486:489 part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells 486:549 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 3 39 theme response 525:532 arg1 glycosylation 450:462 O-linked glycosylation 441:462 O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) 441:480 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 3 39 theme response 525:532 arg1 pathway 429:435 The hexosamine signalling pathway 403:435 The hexosamine signalling pathway 403:435 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 0 40 theme corticosterone 135:148 arg1 exposure 150:157 maternal corticosterone exposure 126:157 maternal corticosterone exposure 126:157 Placental O-GlcNAc-transferase expression and interactions with the glucocorticoid receptor are sex specific and regulated by maternal corticosterone exposure in mice. 28515473 11 41 theme placental 1579:1587 arg1 OGT 1589:1591 placental OGT 1579:1591 placental OGT 1579:1591 These findings suggest that sex-specific differences in placental OGT play a key role in the sexually dimorphic responses to stress. 28515473 1 42 theme dimorphic 225:233 arg1 manner 235:240 a sexually dimorphic manner 214:240 a sexually dimorphic manner with males 214:251 Maternal stress programs offspring disease in a sexually dimorphic manner with males often more adversely affected. 28515473 5 43 theme whole 860:864 arg1 placentae 866:874 whole placentae 860:874 whole placentae at E14.5 860:883 Using a mouse model of maternal corticosterone (Cort) exposure, we examined components of hexosamine biosynthesis/signalling and O-GlcNAcylation in whole placentae at E14.5. 28515473 2 44 dep suggest 337:343 arg1 derive 368:373 derive 368:373 suggest male vulnerability may derive from placental alterations 337:400 Previous studies of maternal glucocorticoid exposure suggest male vulnerability may derive from placental alterations. 28515473 6 45 theme particular 1042:1051 arg1 AKT 1053:1055 particular AKT 1042:1055 particular AKT 1042:1055 Our results demonstrate sex-specific differences in OGT levels and O-GlcNAcylation during Cort exposure which impacts on key mediators of cell survival, in particular AKT as well as the stress responsive OGT/GR transrepression complex. 28515473 3 46 theme adaptive 507:514 arg1 response 525:532 an essential adaptive survival response 494:532 an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells 494:549 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 7 47 theme Cort 1146:1149 arg1 exposure 1151:1158 Cort exposure 1146:1158 Cort exposure 1146:1158 In male placentae only, Cort exposure increased Akt O-GlcNacylation which correlated with decreased phosphorylation. 28515473 3 48 theme survival 516:523 arg1 response 525:532 an essential adaptive survival response 494:532 an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells 494:549 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 0 49 theme glucocorticoid 68:81 arg1 receptor 83:90 the glucocorticoid receptor 64:90 the glucocorticoid receptor 64:90 Placental O-GlcNAc-transferase expression and interactions with the glucocorticoid receptor are sex specific and regulated by maternal corticosterone exposure in mice. 28515473 4 50 theme O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine 579:606 arg1 enzyme 560:565 The key enzyme 552:565 The key enzyme involved 552:574 The key enzyme involved is O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), a gene recently identified as a sex-specific placental biomarker of maternal stress. 28515473 4 50 theme O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine 579:606 arg1 OGT 621:623 OGT 621:623 OGT 621:623 The key enzyme involved is O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), a gene recently identified as a sex-specific placental biomarker of maternal stress. 28515473 4 50 theme O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine 579:606 arg1 transferase 608:618 O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine transferase 579:618 O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) 579:624 The key enzyme involved is O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), a gene recently identified as a sex-specific placental biomarker of maternal stress. 28515473 4 50 theme O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine 579:606 arg1 gene 629:632 a gene 627:632 a gene recently identified as a sex-specific placental biomarker of maternal stress 627:709 The key enzyme involved is O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), a gene recently identified as a sex-specific placental biomarker of maternal stress. 28515473 5 51 theme maternal 735:742 arg1 exposure 766:773 maternal corticosterone (Cort) exposure 735:773 maternal corticosterone (Cort) exposure 735:773 Using a mouse model of maternal corticosterone (Cort) exposure, we examined components of hexosamine biosynthesis/signalling and O-GlcNAcylation in whole placentae at E14.5. 28515473 0 52 with expression 31:40 arg1 receptor 83:90 the glucocorticoid receptor 64:90 the glucocorticoid receptor 64:90 Placental O-GlcNAc-transferase expression and interactions with the glucocorticoid receptor are sex specific and regulated by maternal corticosterone exposure in mice. 28515473 6 53 theme survival 1029:1036 arg1 mediators 1011:1019 key mediators 1007:1019 key mediators of cell survival 1007:1036 Our results demonstrate sex-specific differences in OGT levels and O-GlcNAcylation during Cort exposure which impacts on key mediators of cell survival, in particular AKT as well as the stress responsive OGT/GR transrepression complex. 28515473 5 54 theme corticosterone 744:757 arg1 exposure 766:773 maternal corticosterone (Cort) exposure 735:773 maternal corticosterone (Cort) exposure 735:773 Using a mouse model of maternal corticosterone (Cort) exposure, we examined components of hexosamine biosynthesis/signalling and O-GlcNAcylation in whole placentae at E14.5. 28515473 6 55 theme OGT 938:940 arg1 levels 942:947 OGT levels 938:947 OGT levels 938:947 Our results demonstrate sex-specific differences in OGT levels and O-GlcNAcylation during Cort exposure which impacts on key mediators of cell survival, in particular AKT as well as the stress responsive OGT/GR transrepression complex. 28515473 3 56 from response 525:532 arg1 cells 545:549 healthy cells 537:549 healthy cells 537:549 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 2 57 theme placental 380:388 arg1 alterations 390:400 placental alterations 380:400 placental alterations 380:400 Previous studies of maternal glucocorticoid exposure suggest male vulnerability may derive from placental alterations. 28515473 5 58 from E14.5 879:883 arg1 placentae 866:874 whole placentae 860:874 whole placentae at E14.5 860:883 Using a mouse model of maternal corticosterone (Cort) exposure, we examined components of hexosamine biosynthesis/signalling and O-GlcNAcylation in whole placentae at E14.5. 28515473 6 59 theme cell 1024:1027 arg1 survival 1029:1036 cell survival 1024:1036 cell survival 1024:1036 Our results demonstrate sex-specific differences in OGT levels and O-GlcNAcylation during Cort exposure which impacts on key mediators of cell survival, in particular AKT as well as the stress responsive OGT/GR transrepression complex. 28515473 8 60 theme basal 1267:1271 arg1 OGT 1273:1275 higher basal OGT 1260:1275 higher basal OGT 1260:1275 Female placentae had higher basal OGT and OGT/GR complex compared with male placentae. 28515473 3 61 theme healthy 537:543 arg1 cells 545:549 healthy cells 537:549 healthy cells 537:549 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 4 62 theme placental 672:680 arg1 biomarker 682:690 a sex-specific placental biomarker 657:690 a sex-specific placental biomarker of maternal stress 657:709 The key enzyme involved is O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), a gene recently identified as a sex-specific placental biomarker of maternal stress. 28515473 7 63 theme male 1125:1128 arg1 placentae 1130:1138 male placentae 1125:1138 male placentae only 1125:1143 In male placentae only, Cort exposure increased Akt O-GlcNacylation which correlated with decreased phosphorylation. 28515473 9 64 theme female 1370:1375 arg1 placentae 1377:1385 female placentae 1370:1385 female placentae 1370:1385 Cort exposure did not alter these levels in female placentae but increased global O-GlcNacylation. 28515473 2 65 theme Previous 284:291 arg1 studies 293:299 Previous studies 284:299 Previous studies of maternal glucocorticoid exposure 284:335 Previous studies of maternal glucocorticoid exposure suggest male vulnerability may derive from placental alterations. 28515473 3 66 from part 486:489 arg1 cells 545:549 healthy cells 537:549 healthy cells 537:549 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 11 67 theme key 1600:1602 arg1 role 1604:1607 a key role 1598:1607 a key role 1598:1607 These findings suggest that sex-specific differences in placental OGT play a key role in the sexually dimorphic responses to stress. 28515473 4 68 theme sex-specific 659:670 arg1 biomarker 682:690 a sex-specific placental biomarker 657:690 a sex-specific placental biomarker of maternal stress 657:709 The key enzyme involved is O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), a gene recently identified as a sex-specific placental biomarker of maternal stress. 28515473 5 69 theme biosynthesis/signalling 813:835 arg1 components 788:797 components 788:797 components of hexosamine biosynthesis/signalling and O-GlcNAcylation 788:855 Using a mouse model of maternal corticosterone (Cort) exposure, we examined components of hexosamine biosynthesis/signalling and O-GlcNAcylation in whole placentae at E14.5. 28515473 6 70 theme sex-specific 910:921 arg1 differences 923:933 sex-specific differences 910:933 sex-specific differences in OGT levels and O-GlcNAcylation 910:967 Our results demonstrate sex-specific differences in OGT levels and O-GlcNAcylation during Cort exposure which impacts on key mediators of cell survival, in particular AKT as well as the stress responsive OGT/GR transrepression complex. 28515473 3 71 link O-linked 441:448 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 465:479 O-GlcNAcylation 465:479 O-GlcNAcylation 465:479 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 3 71 link O-linked 441:448 arg1 part 486:489 part 486:489 part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells 486:549 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 3 71 link O-linked 441:448 arg1 glycosylation 450:462 O-linked glycosylation 441:462 O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) 441:480 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 3 71 link O-linked 441:448 arg1 pathway 429:435 The hexosamine signalling pathway 403:435 The hexosamine signalling pathway 403:435 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 4 72 theme stress 704:709 arg1 biomarker 682:690 a sex-specific placental biomarker 657:690 a sex-specific placental biomarker of maternal stress 657:709 The key enzyme involved is O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), a gene recently identified as a sex-specific placental biomarker of maternal stress. 28515473 3 73 theme O-linked 441:448 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 465:479 O-GlcNAcylation 465:479 O-GlcNAcylation 465:479 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 3 73 theme O-linked 441:448 arg1 part 486:489 part 486:489 part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells 486:549 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 3 73 theme O-linked 441:448 arg1 glycosylation 450:462 O-linked glycosylation 441:462 O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) 441:480 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 3 73 theme O-linked 441:448 arg1 pathway 429:435 The hexosamine signalling pathway 403:435 The hexosamine signalling pathway 403:435 The hexosamine signalling pathway and O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are part of an essential adaptive survival response in healthy cells. 28515473 6 74 theme transrepression 1097:1111 arg1 complex 1113:1119 the stress responsive OGT/GR transrepression complex 1068:1119 the stress responsive OGT/GR transrepression complex 1068:1119 Our results demonstrate sex-specific differences in OGT levels and O-GlcNAcylation during Cort exposure which impacts on key mediators of cell survival, in particular AKT as well as the stress responsive OGT/GR transrepression complex. 28515473 8 75 theme Female 1239:1244 arg1 placentae 1246:1254 Female placentae 1239:1254 Female placentae 1239:1254 Female placentae had higher basal OGT and OGT/GR complex compared with male placentae. 28515473 9 76 theme global 1401:1406 arg1 O-GlcNacylation 1408:1422 global O-GlcNacylation 1401:1422 global O-GlcNacylation 1401:1422 Cort exposure did not alter these levels in female placentae but increased global O-GlcNacylation. 28515473 1 77 theme Maternal 168:175 arg1 programs 184:191 Maternal stress programs 168:191 Maternal stress programs offspring disease in a sexually dimorphic manner with males 168:251 Maternal stress programs offspring disease in a sexually dimorphic manner with males often more adversely affected. 28515473 6 78 theme OGT/GR 1090:1095 arg1 complex 1113:1119 the stress responsive OGT/GR transrepression complex 1068:1119 the stress responsive OGT/GR transrepression complex 1068:1119 Our results demonstrate sex-specific differences in OGT levels and O-GlcNAcylation during Cort exposure which impacts on key mediators of cell survival, in particular AKT as well as the stress responsive OGT/GR transrepression complex. 27533485 0 0 theme Cancer 74:79 arg1 Cells 81:85 Breast and Brain Cancer Cells 57:85 Breast and Brain Cancer Cells 57:85 HILIC and ERLIC Enrichment of Glycopeptides Derived from Breast and Brain Cancer Cells. 27533485 6 1 theme chemometric 888:898 arg1 evaluations 916:926 chemometric and statistical evaluations 888:926 chemometric and statistical evaluations 888:926 Potential cancer glycopeptide biomarkers were identified and confirmed by chemometric and statistical evaluations. 27533485 1 2 theme cancer 145:150 arg1 types 152:156 many different cancer types 130:156 many different cancer types 130:156 Aberrant glycosylation has been linked to many different cancer types. 27533485 9 3 gly glycopeptide 1432:1443 arg2 glycopeptide 1432:1443 the first comprehensive glycopeptide listing 1408:1451 the first comprehensive glycopeptide listing for these six cell lines 1408:1476 The results provide the first comprehensive glycopeptide listing for these six cell lines. 27533485 4 4 theme brain 483:487 arg1 lines 501:505 six breast and brain cancer cell lines 468:505 lines 501:505 Here we present a study of identifying and quantifying the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis. 27533485 0 5 theme Brain 68:72 arg1 Cells 81:85 Breast and Brain Cancer Cells 57:85 Breast and Brain Cancer Cells 57:85 HILIC and ERLIC Enrichment of Glycopeptides Derived from Breast and Brain Cancer Cells. 27533485 9 6 theme cell 1467:1470 arg1 lines 1472:1476 these six cell lines 1457:1476 these six cell lines 1457:1476 The results provide the first comprehensive glycopeptide listing for these six cell lines. 27533485 9 7 theme comprehensive 1418:1430 arg1 listing 1445:1451 the first comprehensive glycopeptide listing 1408:1451 the first comprehensive glycopeptide listing for these six cell lines 1408:1476 The results provide the first comprehensive glycopeptide listing for these six cell lines. 27533485 8 8 theme relative 1155:1162 arg1 231BR 1149:1153 231BR 1149:1153 231BR relative to the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides 1149:1218 HILIC enrichment yielded 320 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR relative to the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides, and sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment yielded 214 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR compared with the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides. 27533485 1 9 attach linked 120:125 arg2 glycosylation 97:109 Aberrant glycosylation 88:109 Aberrant glycosylation 88:109 Aberrant glycosylation has been linked to many different cancer types. 27533485 1 9 attach linked 120:125 arg1 types 152:156 many different cancer types 130:156 many different cancer types 130:156 Aberrant glycosylation has been linked to many different cancer types. 27533485 8 10 gly glycopeptides 1297:1309 arg2 glycopeptides 1297:1309 214 statistically significant glycopeptides 1267:1309 214 statistically significant glycopeptides 1267:1309 HILIC enrichment yielded 320 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR relative to the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides, and sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment yielded 214 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR compared with the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides. 27533485 6 11 theme cancer 824:829 arg1 biomarkers 844:853 Potential cancer glycopeptide biomarkers 814:853 Potential cancer glycopeptide biomarkers 814:853 Potential cancer glycopeptide biomarkers were identified and confirmed by chemometric and statistical evaluations. 27533485 8 12 theme glycopeptides 1373:1385 arg1 lines 1349:1353 the other cell lines 1334:1353 the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides 1334:1385 HILIC enrichment yielded 320 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR relative to the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides, and sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment yielded 214 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR compared with the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides. 27533485 4 13 theme cell 496:499 arg1 lines 501:505 six breast and brain cancer cell lines 468:505 lines 501:505 Here we present a study of identifying and quantifying the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis. 27533485 3 14 theme breast 292:297 arg1 metastasis 306:315 breast cancer metastasis 292:315 breast cancer metastasis 292:315 However, in breast cancer metastasis, the BBB fails to prevent the crossing of the cancer cells into the brain. 27533485 8 15 theme cell 1344:1347 arg1 lines 1349:1353 the other cell lines 1334:1353 the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides 1334:1385 HILIC enrichment yielded 320 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR relative to the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides, and sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment yielded 214 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR compared with the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides. 27533485 2 16 theme ions 245:248 arg1 entrance 233:240 the entrance 229:240 the entrance of ions, diseases, toxins, and so on 229:277 The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a region of the brain that regulates the entrance of ions, diseases, toxins, and so on. 27533485 4 17 theme cancer 489:494 arg1 lines 501:505 six breast and brain cancer cell lines 468:505 lines 501:505 Here we present a study of identifying and quantifying the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis. 27533485 5 18 theme complementary 788:800 arg1 comparison 802:811 individual and complementary comparison 773:811 individual and complementary comparison 773:811 Qualitative and quantitative analyses of N-linked glycosylation were performed by both enrichment techniques for individual and complementary comparison. 27533485 8 19 theme HILIC-ERLIC 1236:1246 arg1 enrichment 1248:1257 sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment 1225:1257 sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment 1225:1257 HILIC enrichment yielded 320 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR relative to the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides, and sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment yielded 214 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR compared with the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides. 27533485 8 20 theme other 1338:1342 arg1 lines 1349:1353 the other cell lines 1334:1353 the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides 1334:1385 HILIC enrichment yielded 320 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR relative to the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides, and sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment yielded 214 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR compared with the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides. 27533485 7 21 dep % 1022:1022 arg1 overlap 1024:1030 overlap 1024:1030 overlap 1024:1030 A total of 497 glycopeptides were characterized, of which 401 were common glycopeptides (80.6% overlap) identified from both enrichment techniques. 27533485 5 22 theme glycosylation 710:722 arg1 analyses 689:696 Qualitative and quantitative analyses 660:696 Qualitative and quantitative analyses of N-linked glycosylation 660:722 Qualitative and quantitative analyses of N-linked glycosylation were performed by both enrichment techniques for individual and complementary comparison. 27533485 4 23 theme lines 501:505 arg1 glycosylation 451:463 the glycosylation 447:463 the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis 447:657 Here we present a study of identifying and quantifying the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis. 27533485 5 24 theme Qualitative 660:670 arg1 analyses 689:696 Qualitative and quantitative analyses 660:696 Qualitative and quantitative analyses of N-linked glycosylation 660:722 Qualitative and quantitative analyses of N-linked glycosylation were performed by both enrichment techniques for individual and complementary comparison. 27533485 8 25 theme cell 1177:1180 arg1 lines 1182:1186 the other cell lines 1167:1186 the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides 1167:1218 HILIC enrichment yielded 320 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR relative to the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides, and sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment yielded 214 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR compared with the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides. 27533485 5 26 theme N-linked 701:708 arg1 glycosylation 710:722 N-linked glycosylation 701:722 N-linked glycosylation 701:722 Qualitative and quantitative analyses of N-linked glycosylation were performed by both enrichment techniques for individual and complementary comparison. 27533485 8 27 theme significant 1120:1130 arg1 glycopeptides 1132:1144 320 statistically significant glycopeptides 1102:1144 320 statistically significant glycopeptides 1102:1144 HILIC enrichment yielded 320 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR relative to the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides, and sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment yielded 214 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR compared with the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides. 27533485 8 28 theme unique 1366:1371 arg1 glycopeptides 1373:1385 404 unique glycopeptides 1362:1385 404 unique glycopeptides 1362:1385 HILIC enrichment yielded 320 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR relative to the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides, and sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment yielded 214 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR compared with the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides. 27533485 8 29 theme HILIC 1077:1081 arg1 enrichment 1083:1092 HILIC enrichment 1077:1092 HILIC enrichment 1077:1092 HILIC enrichment yielded 320 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR relative to the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides, and sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment yielded 214 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR compared with the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides. 27533485 4 30 theme repulsion 585:593 arg1 ERLIC 618:622 ERLIC 618:622 ERLIC 618:622 Here we present a study of identifying and quantifying the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis. 27533485 4 30 theme repulsion 585:593 arg1 chromatography 602:615 electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography 571:615 electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) 571:623 Here we present a study of identifying and quantifying the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis. 27533485 0 31 theme HILIC 0:4 arg1 Enrichment 16:25 HILIC and ERLIC Enrichment 0:25 HILIC and ERLIC Enrichment of Glycopeptides 0:42 HILIC and ERLIC Enrichment of Glycopeptides Derived from Breast and Brain Cancer Cells. 27533485 7 32 theme enrichment 1054:1063 arg1 techniques 1065:1074 both enrichment techniques 1049:1074 both enrichment techniques 1049:1074 A total of 497 glycopeptides were characterized, of which 401 were common glycopeptides (80.6% overlap) identified from both enrichment techniques. 27533485 9 33 theme glycopeptide 1432:1443 arg1 listing 1445:1451 the first comprehensive glycopeptide listing 1408:1451 the first comprehensive glycopeptide listing for these six cell lines 1408:1476 The results provide the first comprehensive glycopeptide listing for these six cell lines. 27533485 2 34 theme toxins 261:266 arg1 entrance 233:240 the entrance 229:240 the entrance of ions, diseases, toxins, and so on 229:277 The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a region of the brain that regulates the entrance of ions, diseases, toxins, and so on. 27533485 4 35 theme electrostatic 571:583 arg1 ERLIC 618:622 ERLIC 618:622 ERLIC 618:622 Here we present a study of identifying and quantifying the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis. 27533485 4 35 theme electrostatic 571:583 arg1 chromatography 602:615 electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography 571:615 electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) 571:623 Here we present a study of identifying and quantifying the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis. 27533485 3 36 theme cancer 299:304 arg1 metastasis 306:315 breast cancer metastasis 292:315 breast cancer metastasis 292:315 However, in breast cancer metastasis, the BBB fails to prevent the crossing of the cancer cells into the brain. 27533485 5 37 theme enrichment 747:756 arg1 techniques 758:767 both enrichment techniques 742:767 both enrichment techniques for individual and complementary comparison 742:811 Qualitative and quantitative analyses of N-linked glycosylation were performed by both enrichment techniques for individual and complementary comparison. 27533485 8 38 dep glycopeptides 1206:1218 arg1 out 1188:1190 out 1188:1190 out 1188:1190 HILIC enrichment yielded 320 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR relative to the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides, and sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment yielded 214 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR compared with the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides. 27533485 8 39 gly glycopeptides 1206:1218 arg2 glycopeptides 1206:1218 494 unique glycopeptides 1195:1218 494 unique glycopeptides 1195:1218 HILIC enrichment yielded 320 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR relative to the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides, and sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment yielded 214 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR compared with the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides. 27533485 1 40 theme Aberrant 88:95 arg1 glycosylation 97:109 Aberrant glycosylation 88:109 Aberrant glycosylation 88:109 Aberrant glycosylation has been linked to many different cancer types. 27533485 6 41 gly glycopeptide 831:842 arg2 glycopeptide 831:842 Potential cancer glycopeptide biomarkers 814:853 Potential cancer glycopeptide biomarkers 814:853 Potential cancer glycopeptide biomarkers were identified and confirmed by chemometric and statistical evaluations. 27533485 5 42 theme individual 773:782 arg1 comparison 802:811 individual and complementary comparison 773:811 individual and complementary comparison 773:811 Qualitative and quantitative analyses of N-linked glycosylation were performed by both enrichment techniques for individual and complementary comparison. 27533485 0 43 theme ERLIC 10:14 arg1 Enrichment 16:25 HILIC and ERLIC Enrichment 0:25 HILIC and ERLIC Enrichment of Glycopeptides 0:42 HILIC and ERLIC Enrichment of Glycopeptides Derived from Breast and Brain Cancer Cells. 27533485 4 44 theme breast 472:477 arg1 glycosylation 451:463 the glycosylation 447:463 the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis 447:657 Here we present a study of identifying and quantifying the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis. 27533485 8 45 gly glycopeptides 1132:1144 arg2 glycopeptides 1132:1144 320 statistically significant glycopeptides 1102:1144 320 statistically significant glycopeptides 1102:1144 HILIC enrichment yielded 320 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR relative to the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides, and sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment yielded 214 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR compared with the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides. 27533485 6 46 theme glycopeptide 831:842 arg1 biomarkers 844:853 Potential cancer glycopeptide biomarkers 814:853 Potential cancer glycopeptide biomarkers 814:853 Potential cancer glycopeptide biomarkers were identified and confirmed by chemometric and statistical evaluations. 27533485 2 47 theme diseases 251:258 arg1 entrance 233:240 the entrance 229:240 the entrance of ions, diseases, toxins, and so on 229:277 The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a region of the brain that regulates the entrance of ions, diseases, toxins, and so on. 27533485 4 48 theme liquid 537:542 arg1 HILIC 560:564 HILIC 560:564 HILIC 560:564 Here we present a study of identifying and quantifying the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis. 27533485 4 48 theme liquid 537:542 arg1 chromatography 544:557 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 513:557 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) 513:565 Here we present a study of identifying and quantifying the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis. 27533485 0 49 theme Glycopeptides 30:42 arg1 Enrichment 16:25 HILIC and ERLIC Enrichment 0:25 HILIC and ERLIC Enrichment of Glycopeptides 0:42 HILIC and ERLIC Enrichment of Glycopeptides Derived from Breast and Brain Cancer Cells. 27533485 2 50 theme blood-brain 163:173 arg1 BBB 184:186 BBB 184:186 BBB 184:186 The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a region of the brain that regulates the entrance of ions, diseases, toxins, and so on. 27533485 2 50 theme blood-brain 163:173 arg1 barrier 175:181 The blood-brain barrier 159:181 The blood-brain barrier (BBB) 159:187 The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a region of the brain that regulates the entrance of ions, diseases, toxins, and so on. 27533485 2 50 theme blood-brain 163:173 arg1 region 194:199 a region 192:199 a region of the brain that regulates the entrance of ions, diseases, toxins, and so on 192:277 The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a region of the brain that regulates the entrance of ions, diseases, toxins, and so on. 27533485 8 51 theme sequential 1225:1234 arg1 enrichment 1248:1257 sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment 1225:1257 sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment 1225:1257 HILIC enrichment yielded 320 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR relative to the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides, and sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment yielded 214 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR compared with the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides. 27533485 3 52 theme cancer 363:368 arg1 cells 370:374 the cancer cells 359:374 the cancer cells 359:374 However, in breast cancer metastasis, the BBB fails to prevent the crossing of the cancer cells into the brain. 27533485 6 53 theme Potential 814:822 arg1 biomarkers 844:853 Potential cancer glycopeptide biomarkers 814:853 Potential cancer glycopeptide biomarkers 814:853 Potential cancer glycopeptide biomarkers were identified and confirmed by chemometric and statistical evaluations. 27533485 4 54 gly glycosylation 451:463 arg1 lines 501:505 six breast and brain cancer cell lines 468:505 lines 501:505 Here we present a study of identifying and quantifying the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis. 27533485 4 54 gly glycosylation 451:463 arg1 breast 472:477 six breast and brain cancer cell lines 468:505 breast 472:477 Here we present a study of identifying and quantifying the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis. 27533485 3 55 theme cells 370:374 arg1 crossing 347:354 the crossing 343:354 the crossing of the cancer cells into the brain 343:389 However, in breast cancer metastasis, the BBB fails to prevent the crossing of the cancer cells into the brain. 27533485 8 56 theme glycopeptides 1206:1218 arg1 lines 1182:1186 the other cell lines 1167:1186 the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides 1167:1218 HILIC enrichment yielded 320 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR relative to the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides, and sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment yielded 214 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR compared with the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides. 27533485 4 57 dep chromatography 544:557 arg1 enrichments 625:635 enrichments 625:635 enrichments 625:635 Here we present a study of identifying and quantifying the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis. 27533485 7 58 theme common 996:1001 arg1 glycopeptides 1003:1015 common glycopeptides 996:1015 common glycopeptides (80.6% overlap) identified from both enrichment techniques 996:1074 A total of 497 glycopeptides were characterized, of which 401 were common glycopeptides (80.6% overlap) identified from both enrichment techniques. 27533485 7 58 theme common 996:1001 arg1 % 1022:1022 80.6% overlap 1018:1030 80.6% overlap 1018:1030 A total of 497 glycopeptides were characterized, of which 401 were common glycopeptides (80.6% overlap) identified from both enrichment techniques. 27533485 8 59 theme unique 1199:1204 arg1 glycopeptides 1206:1218 494 unique glycopeptides 1195:1218 494 unique glycopeptides 1195:1218 HILIC enrichment yielded 320 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR relative to the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides, and sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment yielded 214 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR compared with the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides. 27533485 8 60 gly glycopeptides 1373:1385 arg2 glycopeptides 1373:1385 404 unique glycopeptides 1362:1385 404 unique glycopeptides 1362:1385 HILIC enrichment yielded 320 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR relative to the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides, and sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment yielded 214 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR compared with the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides. 27533485 5 61 link N-linked 701:708 arg1 glycosylation 710:722 N-linked glycosylation 701:722 N-linked glycosylation 701:722 Qualitative and quantitative analyses of N-linked glycosylation were performed by both enrichment techniques for individual and complementary comparison. 27533485 7 62 theme which 981:985 arg1 glycopeptides 1003:1015 common glycopeptides 996:1015 common glycopeptides (80.6% overlap) identified from both enrichment techniques 996:1074 A total of 497 glycopeptides were characterized, of which 401 were common glycopeptides (80.6% overlap) identified from both enrichment techniques. 27533485 7 62 theme which 981:985 arg1 % 1022:1022 80.6% overlap 1018:1030 80.6% overlap 1018:1030 A total of 497 glycopeptides were characterized, of which 401 were common glycopeptides (80.6% overlap) identified from both enrichment techniques. 27533485 8 63 theme significant 1285:1295 arg1 glycopeptides 1297:1309 214 statistically significant glycopeptides 1267:1309 214 statistically significant glycopeptides 1267:1309 HILIC enrichment yielded 320 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR relative to the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides, and sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment yielded 214 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR compared with the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides. 27533485 6 64 theme statistical 904:914 arg1 evaluations 916:926 chemometric and statistical evaluations 888:926 chemometric and statistical evaluations 888:926 Potential cancer glycopeptide biomarkers were identified and confirmed by chemometric and statistical evaluations. 27533485 9 65 theme first 1412:1416 arg1 listing 1445:1451 the first comprehensive glycopeptide listing 1408:1451 the first comprehensive glycopeptide listing for these six cell lines 1408:1476 The results provide the first comprehensive glycopeptide listing for these six cell lines. 27533485 7 66 theme glycopeptides 944:956 arg1 total 931:935 A total 929:935 A total of 497 glycopeptides 929:956 A total of 497 glycopeptides were characterized, of which 401 were common glycopeptides (80.6% overlap) identified from both enrichment techniques. 27533485 2 67 theme so 273:274 arg1 entrance 233:240 the entrance 229:240 the entrance of ions, diseases, toxins, and so on 229:277 The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a region of the brain that regulates the entrance of ions, diseases, toxins, and so on. 27533485 7 68 gly glycopeptides 944:956 arg2 glycopeptides 944:956 497 glycopeptides 940:956 497 glycopeptides 940:956 A total of 497 glycopeptides were characterized, of which 401 were common glycopeptides (80.6% overlap) identified from both enrichment techniques. 27533485 8 69 theme other 1171:1175 arg1 lines 1182:1186 the other cell lines 1167:1186 the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides 1167:1218 HILIC enrichment yielded 320 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR relative to the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides, and sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment yielded 214 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR compared with the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides. 27533485 4 70 theme liquid 595:600 arg1 ERLIC 618:622 ERLIC 618:622 ERLIC 618:622 Here we present a study of identifying and quantifying the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis. 27533485 4 70 theme liquid 595:600 arg1 chromatography 602:615 electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography 571:615 electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) 571:623 Here we present a study of identifying and quantifying the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis. 27533485 4 71 theme LC-MS/MS 641:648 arg1 analysis 650:657 LC-MS/MS analysis 641:657 LC-MS/MS analysis 641:657 Here we present a study of identifying and quantifying the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis. 27533485 5 72 theme quantitative 676:687 arg1 analyses 689:696 Qualitative and quantitative analyses 660:696 Qualitative and quantitative analyses of N-linked glycosylation 660:722 Qualitative and quantitative analyses of N-linked glycosylation were performed by both enrichment techniques for individual and complementary comparison. 27533485 7 73 gly glycopeptides 1003:1015 arg2 glycopeptides 1003:1015 common glycopeptides 996:1015 common glycopeptides (80.6% overlap) identified from both enrichment techniques 996:1074 A total of 497 glycopeptides were characterized, of which 401 were common glycopeptides (80.6% overlap) identified from both enrichment techniques. 27533485 7 73 gly glycopeptides 1003:1015 arg2 % 1022:1022 80.6% overlap 1018:1030 80.6% overlap 1018:1030 A total of 497 glycopeptides were characterized, of which 401 were common glycopeptides (80.6% overlap) identified from both enrichment techniques. 27533485 1 74 theme many 130:133 arg1 types 152:156 many different cancer types 130:156 many different cancer types 130:156 Aberrant glycosylation has been linked to many different cancer types. 27533485 8 75 dep glycopeptides 1373:1385 arg1 out 1355:1357 out 1355:1357 out 1355:1357 HILIC enrichment yielded 320 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR relative to the other cell lines out of 494 unique glycopeptides, and sequential HILIC-ERLIC enrichment yielded 214 statistically significant glycopeptides in 231BR compared with the other cell lines out of 404 unique glycopeptides. 27533485 4 76 theme interaction 525:535 arg1 HILIC 560:564 HILIC 560:564 HILIC 560:564 Here we present a study of identifying and quantifying the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis. 27533485 4 76 theme interaction 525:535 arg1 chromatography 544:557 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 513:557 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) 513:565 Here we present a study of identifying and quantifying the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis. 27533485 0 77 theme Breast 57:62 arg1 Cells 81:85 Breast and Brain Cancer Cells 57:85 Breast and Brain Cancer Cells 57:85 HILIC and ERLIC Enrichment of Glycopeptides Derived from Breast and Brain Cancer Cells. 27533485 2 78 theme brain 208:212 arg1 barrier 175:181 The blood-brain barrier 159:181 The blood-brain barrier (BBB) 159:187 The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a region of the brain that regulates the entrance of ions, diseases, toxins, and so on. 27533485 2 78 theme brain 208:212 arg1 region 194:199 a region 192:199 a region of the brain that regulates the entrance of ions, diseases, toxins, and so on 192:277 The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a region of the brain that regulates the entrance of ions, diseases, toxins, and so on. 27533485 1 79 theme different 135:143 arg1 types 152:156 many different cancer types 130:156 many different cancer types 130:156 Aberrant glycosylation has been linked to many different cancer types. 27533485 4 80 theme hydrophilic 513:523 arg1 HILIC 560:564 HILIC 560:564 HILIC 560:564 Here we present a study of identifying and quantifying the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis. 27533485 4 80 theme hydrophilic 513:523 arg1 chromatography 544:557 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 513:557 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) 513:565 Here we present a study of identifying and quantifying the glycosylation of six breast and brain cancer cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrostatic repulsion liquid chromatography (ERLIC) enrichments and LC-MS/MS analysis. 25247386 1 0 theme cancer 157:162 arg1 worldwide 164:172 cancer worldwide 157:172 cancer worldwide 157:172 Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of death due to cancer worldwide. 25247386 6 1 theme these 902:906 arg1 these 902:906 these 902:906 these 902:906 In particular, nine of these (PLOD2, DPEP1, SE1L1, CD82, PAR1, PLOD3, S12A2, LAMP3, OLFM4) were found to be up-regulated in the great majority of the cohort, and, interestingly, the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) has not been hitherto described. 25247386 6 1 theme these 902:906 arg1 nine 894:897 nine 894:897 nine 894:897 In particular, nine of these (PLOD2, DPEP1, SE1L1, CD82, PAR1, PLOD3, S12A2, LAMP3, OLFM4) were found to be up-regulated in the great majority of the cohort, and, interestingly, the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) has not been hitherto described. 25247386 4 2 theme N-linked 574:581 arg1 glycoproteins 583:595 differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins 549:595 differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins 549:595 In the present work, we used a quantitative proteomic technique based on (18)O stable isotope labeling to identify differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue samples compared with healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. 25247386 6 3 located found 975:979 arg2 these 902:906 these 902:906 these 902:906 In particular, nine of these (PLOD2, DPEP1, SE1L1, CD82, PAR1, PLOD3, S12A2, LAMP3, OLFM4) were found to be up-regulated in the great majority of the cohort, and, interestingly, the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) has not been hitherto described. 25247386 6 3 located found 975:979 arg2 nine 894:897 nine 894:897 nine 894:897 In particular, nine of these (PLOD2, DPEP1, SE1L1, CD82, PAR1, PLOD3, S12A2, LAMP3, OLFM4) were found to be up-regulated in the great majority of the cohort, and, interestingly, the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) has not been hitherto described. 25247386 6 3 located found 975:979 arg1 particular 882:891 particular 882:891 particular 882:891 In particular, nine of these (PLOD2, DPEP1, SE1L1, CD82, PAR1, PLOD3, S12A2, LAMP3, OLFM4) were found to be up-regulated in the great majority of the cohort, and, interestingly, the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) has not been hitherto described. 25247386 6 4 theme four 1099:1102 arg1 association 1061:1071 the association 1057:1071 the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) 1057:1130 In particular, nine of these (PLOD2, DPEP1, SE1L1, CD82, PAR1, PLOD3, S12A2, LAMP3, OLFM4) were found to be up-regulated in the great majority of the cohort, and, interestingly, the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) has not been hitherto described. 25247386 4 5 theme colorectal 600:609 arg1 samples 625:631 colorectal cancer tissue samples 600:631 colorectal cancer tissue samples 600:631 In the present work, we used a quantitative proteomic technique based on (18)O stable isotope labeling to identify differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue samples compared with healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. 25247386 4 6 theme proteomic 478:486 arg1 technique 488:496 a quantitative proteomic technique 463:496 a quantitative proteomic technique based on (18)O stable isotope labeling 463:535 In the present work, we used a quantitative proteomic technique based on (18)O stable isotope labeling to identify differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue samples compared with healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. 25247386 5 7 theme biological 840:849 arg1 processes 851:859 the biological processes 836:859 the biological processes of tumorigenesis 836:876 We identified 54 up-regulated glycoproteins in colorectal cancer samples, therefore potentially involved in the biological processes of tumorigenesis. 25247386 4 8 theme quantitative 465:476 arg1 technique 488:496 a quantitative proteomic technique 463:496 a quantitative proteomic technique based on (18)O stable isotope labeling 463:535 In the present work, we used a quantitative proteomic technique based on (18)O stable isotope labeling to identify differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue samples compared with healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. 25247386 2 9 theme cancer 291:296 arg1 detection 267:275 the early detection 257:275 the early detection of colorectal cancer 257:296 Therefore, the identification of high-specificity and -sensitivity biomarkers for the early detection of colorectal cancer is urgently needed. 25247386 4 10 from patients 681:688 arg1 tissue 666:671 healthy colorectal tissue 647:671 healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery 647:725 In the present work, we used a quantitative proteomic technique based on (18)O stable isotope labeling to identify differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue samples compared with healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. 25247386 5 11 theme cancer 786:791 arg1 samples 793:799 colorectal cancer samples 775:799 colorectal cancer samples 775:799 We identified 54 up-regulated glycoproteins in colorectal cancer samples, therefore potentially involved in the biological processes of tumorigenesis. 25247386 6 12 with association 1061:1071 arg1 cancer 1089:1094 colorectal cancer 1078:1094 colorectal cancer 1078:1094 In particular, nine of these (PLOD2, DPEP1, SE1L1, CD82, PAR1, PLOD3, S12A2, LAMP3, OLFM4) were found to be up-regulated in the great majority of the cohort, and, interestingly, the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) has not been hitherto described. 25247386 6 13 theme colorectal 1078:1087 arg1 cancer 1089:1094 colorectal cancer 1078:1094 colorectal cancer 1078:1094 In particular, nine of these (PLOD2, DPEP1, SE1L1, CD82, PAR1, PLOD3, S12A2, LAMP3, OLFM4) were found to be up-regulated in the great majority of the cohort, and, interestingly, the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) has not been hitherto described. 25247386 1 14 theme Colorectal 94:103 arg1 cancer 105:110 Colorectal cancer 94:110 Colorectal cancer 94:110 Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of death due to cancer worldwide. 25247386 5 15 theme colorectal 775:784 arg1 samples 793:799 colorectal cancer samples 775:799 colorectal cancer samples 775:799 We identified 54 up-regulated glycoproteins in colorectal cancer samples, therefore potentially involved in the biological processes of tumorigenesis. 25247386 3 16 theme important 396:404 arg1 role 406:409 an important role 393:409 an important role 393:409 Post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, are known to play an important role in cancer progression. 25247386 6 17 theme great 1007:1011 arg1 majority 1013:1020 the great majority 1003:1020 the great majority of the cohort 1003:1034 In particular, nine of these (PLOD2, DPEP1, SE1L1, CD82, PAR1, PLOD3, S12A2, LAMP3, OLFM4) were found to be up-regulated in the great majority of the cohort, and, interestingly, the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) has not been hitherto described. 25247386 4 18 gly glycoproteins 583:595 arg1 glycoproteins 583:595 differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins 549:595 differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins 549:595 In the present work, we used a quantitative proteomic technique based on (18)O stable isotope labeling to identify differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue samples compared with healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. 25247386 0 19 theme N-glycoprotein 0:13 arg1 analysis 15:22 N-glycoprotein analysis 0:22 N-glycoprotein analysis 0:22 N-glycoprotein analysis discovers new up-regulated glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue. 25247386 4 20 theme present 441:447 arg1 work 449:452 the present work 437:452 the present work 437:452 In the present work, we used a quantitative proteomic technique based on (18)O stable isotope labeling to identify differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue samples compared with healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. 25247386 5 21 gly glycoproteins 758:770 arg1 glycoproteins 758:770 54 up-regulated glycoproteins 742:770 54 up-regulated glycoproteins 742:770 We identified 54 up-regulated glycoproteins in colorectal cancer samples, therefore potentially involved in the biological processes of tumorigenesis. 25247386 6 22 theme cohort 1029:1034 arg1 majority 1013:1020 the great majority 1003:1020 the great majority of the cohort 1003:1034 In particular, nine of these (PLOD2, DPEP1, SE1L1, CD82, PAR1, PLOD3, S12A2, LAMP3, OLFM4) were found to be up-regulated in the great majority of the cohort, and, interestingly, the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) has not been hitherto described. 25247386 0 23 theme new 34:36 arg1 glycoproteins 51:63 new up-regulated glycoproteins 34:63 new up-regulated glycoproteins 34:63 N-glycoprotein analysis discovers new up-regulated glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue. 25247386 4 24 theme healthy 647:653 arg1 tissue 666:671 healthy colorectal tissue 647:671 healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery 647:725 In the present work, we used a quantitative proteomic technique based on (18)O stable isotope labeling to identify differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue samples compared with healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. 25247386 4 25 theme expressed 564:572 arg1 glycoproteins 583:595 differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins 549:595 differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins 549:595 In the present work, we used a quantitative proteomic technique based on (18)O stable isotope labeling to identify differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue samples compared with healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. 25247386 5 26 theme tumorigenesis 864:876 arg1 processes 851:859 the biological processes 836:859 the biological processes of tumorigenesis 836:876 We identified 54 up-regulated glycoproteins in colorectal cancer samples, therefore potentially involved in the biological processes of tumorigenesis. 25247386 4 27 theme cancer 712:717 arg1 surgery 719:725 colorectal cancer surgery 701:725 colorectal cancer surgery 701:725 In the present work, we used a quantitative proteomic technique based on (18)O stable isotope labeling to identify differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue samples compared with healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. 25247386 6 28 dep these 902:906 arg1 CD82 930:933 CD82 930:933 CD82 930:933 In particular, nine of these (PLOD2, DPEP1, SE1L1, CD82, PAR1, PLOD3, S12A2, LAMP3, OLFM4) were found to be up-regulated in the great majority of the cohort, and, interestingly, the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) has not been hitherto described. 25247386 6 28 dep these 902:906 arg1 PAR1 936:939 PAR1 936:939 PAR1 936:939 In particular, nine of these (PLOD2, DPEP1, SE1L1, CD82, PAR1, PLOD3, S12A2, LAMP3, OLFM4) were found to be up-regulated in the great majority of the cohort, and, interestingly, the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) has not been hitherto described. 25247386 6 28 dep these 902:906 arg1 LAMP3 956:960 LAMP3 956:960 LAMP3 956:960 In particular, nine of these (PLOD2, DPEP1, SE1L1, CD82, PAR1, PLOD3, S12A2, LAMP3, OLFM4) were found to be up-regulated in the great majority of the cohort, and, interestingly, the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) has not been hitherto described. 25247386 6 28 dep these 902:906 arg1 DPEP1 916:920 DPEP1 916:920 DPEP1 916:920 In particular, nine of these (PLOD2, DPEP1, SE1L1, CD82, PAR1, PLOD3, S12A2, LAMP3, OLFM4) were found to be up-regulated in the great majority of the cohort, and, interestingly, the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) has not been hitherto described. 25247386 6 28 dep these 902:906 arg1 OLFM4 963:967 OLFM4 963:967 OLFM4 963:967 In particular, nine of these (PLOD2, DPEP1, SE1L1, CD82, PAR1, PLOD3, S12A2, LAMP3, OLFM4) were found to be up-regulated in the great majority of the cohort, and, interestingly, the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) has not been hitherto described. 25247386 6 28 dep these 902:906 arg1 SE1L1 923:927 SE1L1 923:927 SE1L1 923:927 In particular, nine of these (PLOD2, DPEP1, SE1L1, CD82, PAR1, PLOD3, S12A2, LAMP3, OLFM4) were found to be up-regulated in the great majority of the cohort, and, interestingly, the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) has not been hitherto described. 25247386 6 28 dep these 902:906 arg1 S12A2 949:953 S12A2 949:953 S12A2 949:953 In particular, nine of these (PLOD2, DPEP1, SE1L1, CD82, PAR1, PLOD3, S12A2, LAMP3, OLFM4) were found to be up-regulated in the great majority of the cohort, and, interestingly, the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) has not been hitherto described. 25247386 6 28 dep these 902:906 arg1 PLOD2 909:913 PLOD2 909:913 PLOD2 909:913 In particular, nine of these (PLOD2, DPEP1, SE1L1, CD82, PAR1, PLOD3, S12A2, LAMP3, OLFM4) were found to be up-regulated in the great majority of the cohort, and, interestingly, the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) has not been hitherto described. 25247386 0 29 gly N-glycoprotein 0:13 arg1 N-glycoprotein 0:13 N-glycoprotein 0:13 N-glycoprotein 0:13 N-glycoprotein analysis discovers new up-regulated glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue. 25247386 0 30 theme up-regulated 38:49 arg1 glycoproteins 51:63 new up-regulated glycoproteins 34:63 new up-regulated glycoproteins 34:63 N-glycoprotein analysis discovers new up-regulated glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue. 25247386 4 31 theme stable 513:518 arg1 labeling 528:535 (18)O stable isotope labeling 507:535 (18)O stable isotope labeling 507:535 In the present work, we used a quantitative proteomic technique based on (18)O stable isotope labeling to identify differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue samples compared with healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. 25247386 5 32 theme up-regulated 745:756 arg1 glycoproteins 758:770 54 up-regulated glycoproteins 742:770 54 up-regulated glycoproteins 742:770 We identified 54 up-regulated glycoproteins in colorectal cancer samples, therefore potentially involved in the biological processes of tumorigenesis. 25247386 5 33 from glycoproteins 758:770 arg1 samples 793:799 colorectal cancer samples 775:799 colorectal cancer samples 775:799 We identified 54 up-regulated glycoproteins in colorectal cancer samples, therefore potentially involved in the biological processes of tumorigenesis. 25247386 2 34 theme biomarkers 242:251 arg1 identification 190:203 the identification 186:203 the identification of high-specificity and -sensitivity biomarkers for the early detection of colorectal cancer 186:296 Therefore, the identification of high-specificity and -sensitivity biomarkers for the early detection of colorectal cancer is urgently needed. 25247386 4 35 theme colorectal 655:664 arg1 tissue 666:671 healthy colorectal tissue 647:671 healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery 647:725 In the present work, we used a quantitative proteomic technique based on (18)O stable isotope labeling to identify differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue samples compared with healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. 25247386 0 36 theme colorectal 68:77 arg1 tissue 86:91 colorectal cancer tissue 68:91 colorectal cancer tissue 68:91 N-glycoprotein analysis discovers new up-regulated glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue. 25247386 4 37 theme O 511:511 arg1 labeling 528:535 (18)O stable isotope labeling 507:535 (18)O stable isotope labeling 507:535 In the present work, we used a quantitative proteomic technique based on (18)O stable isotope labeling to identify differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue samples compared with healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. 25247386 3 38 theme Post-translational 318:335 arg1 glycosylation 360:372 glycosylation 360:372 glycosylation 360:372 Post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, are known to play an important role in cancer progression. 25247386 3 38 theme Post-translational 318:335 arg1 modifications 337:349 Post-translational modifications 318:349 Post-translational modifications 318:349 Post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, are known to play an important role in cancer progression. 25247386 2 39 theme -sensitivity 229:240 arg1 biomarkers 242:251 high-specificity and -sensitivity biomarkers 208:251 high-specificity and -sensitivity biomarkers for the early detection of colorectal cancer 208:296 Therefore, the identification of high-specificity and -sensitivity biomarkers for the early detection of colorectal cancer is urgently needed. 25247386 3 40 theme cancer 414:419 arg1 progression 421:431 cancer progression 414:431 cancer progression 414:431 Post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, are known to play an important role in cancer progression. 25247386 2 41 theme high-specificity 208:223 arg1 biomarkers 242:251 high-specificity and -sensitivity biomarkers 208:251 high-specificity and -sensitivity biomarkers for the early detection of colorectal cancer 208:296 Therefore, the identification of high-specificity and -sensitivity biomarkers for the early detection of colorectal cancer is urgently needed. 25247386 1 42 theme leading 126:132 arg1 causes 134:139 the leading causes 122:139 the leading causes of death 122:148 Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of death due to cancer worldwide. 25247386 4 43 theme isotope 520:526 arg1 labeling 528:535 (18)O stable isotope labeling 507:535 (18)O stable isotope labeling 507:535 In the present work, we used a quantitative proteomic technique based on (18)O stable isotope labeling to identify differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue samples compared with healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. 25247386 1 44 theme causes 134:139 arg1 causes 134:139 the leading causes 122:139 the leading causes of death 122:148 Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of death due to cancer worldwide. 25247386 1 44 theme causes 134:139 arg1 one 115:117 one 115:117 one 115:117 Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of death due to cancer worldwide. 25247386 4 45 theme tissue 618:623 arg1 samples 625:631 colorectal cancer tissue samples 600:631 colorectal cancer tissue samples 600:631 In the present work, we used a quantitative proteomic technique based on (18)O stable isotope labeling to identify differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue samples compared with healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. 25247386 2 46 theme colorectal 280:289 arg1 cancer 291:296 colorectal cancer 280:296 colorectal cancer 280:296 Therefore, the identification of high-specificity and -sensitivity biomarkers for the early detection of colorectal cancer is urgently needed. 25247386 0 47 gly glycoproteins 51:63 arg1 glycoproteins 51:63 new up-regulated glycoproteins 34:63 new up-regulated glycoproteins 34:63 N-glycoprotein analysis discovers new up-regulated glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue. 25247386 4 48 theme cancer 611:616 arg1 samples 625:631 colorectal cancer tissue samples 600:631 colorectal cancer tissue samples 600:631 In the present work, we used a quantitative proteomic technique based on (18)O stable isotope labeling to identify differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue samples compared with healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. 25247386 4 49 used used 458:461 arg2 we 455:456 we 455:456 we 455:456 In the present work, we used a quantitative proteomic technique based on (18)O stable isotope labeling to identify differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue samples compared with healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. 25247386 4 50 link N-linked 574:581 arg1 glycoproteins 583:595 differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins 549:595 differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins 549:595 In the present work, we used a quantitative proteomic technique based on (18)O stable isotope labeling to identify differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue samples compared with healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. 25247386 2 51 theme early 261:265 arg1 detection 267:275 the early detection 257:275 the early detection of colorectal cancer 257:296 Therefore, the identification of high-specificity and -sensitivity biomarkers for the early detection of colorectal cancer is urgently needed. 25247386 1 52 theme death 144:148 arg1 causes 134:139 the leading causes 122:139 the leading causes of death 122:148 Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of death due to cancer worldwide. 25247386 6 53 dep four 1099:1102 arg1 PLOD2 1105:1109 PLOD2 1105:1109 PLOD2 1105:1109 In particular, nine of these (PLOD2, DPEP1, SE1L1, CD82, PAR1, PLOD3, S12A2, LAMP3, OLFM4) were found to be up-regulated in the great majority of the cohort, and, interestingly, the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) has not been hitherto described. 25247386 6 53 dep four 1099:1102 arg1 CD82 1126:1129 CD82 1126:1129 CD82 1126:1129 In particular, nine of these (PLOD2, DPEP1, SE1L1, CD82, PAR1, PLOD3, S12A2, LAMP3, OLFM4) were found to be up-regulated in the great majority of the cohort, and, interestingly, the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) has not been hitherto described. 25247386 6 53 dep four 1099:1102 arg1 PLOD3 1119:1123 PLOD3 1119:1123 PLOD3 1119:1123 In particular, nine of these (PLOD2, DPEP1, SE1L1, CD82, PAR1, PLOD3, S12A2, LAMP3, OLFM4) were found to be up-regulated in the great majority of the cohort, and, interestingly, the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) has not been hitherto described. 25247386 0 54 theme cancer 79:84 arg1 tissue 86:91 colorectal cancer tissue 68:91 colorectal cancer tissue 68:91 N-glycoprotein analysis discovers new up-regulated glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue. 25247386 4 55 theme colorectal 701:710 arg1 surgery 719:725 colorectal cancer surgery 701:725 colorectal cancer surgery 701:725 In the present work, we used a quantitative proteomic technique based on (18)O stable isotope labeling to identify differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue samples compared with healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. 25093254 0 0 theme major 177:181 arg1 specificity 102:112 relaxed sequon specificity 87:112 relaxed sequon specificity 87:112 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 0 0 theme major 177:181 arg1 cause 183:187 a major cause 175:187 a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis 175:216 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 0 0 theme major 177:181 arg1 glycosylation 69:81 increased N-linked glycosylation 50:81 increased N-linked glycosylation 50:81 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 0 1 theme bacterial 192:200 arg1 gastroenteritis 202:216 bacterial gastroenteritis 192:216 bacterial gastroenteritis 192:216 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 6 2 theme ≠ 1469:1469 arg1 Pro 1471:1473 X ≠ Pro 1467:1473 X ≠ Pro 1467:1473 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 6 2 theme ≠ 1469:1469 arg1 D/E-X-N-X-S/T 1452:1464 N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T 1436:1464 the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) 1422:1474 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 1 3 theme responsible 273:283 arg1 jejuni 222:227 C. jejuni 219:227 C. jejuni 219:227 C. jejuni encodes a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus responsible for the N-glycosylation of membrane-associated proteins. 25093254 1 3 theme responsible 273:283 arg1 locus 267:271 a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus 237:271 a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus responsible for the N-glycosylation of membrane-associated proteins 237:339 C. jejuni encodes a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus responsible for the N-glycosylation of membrane-associated proteins. 25093254 8 4 theme GS 1689:1690 arg1 abundances 1692:1701 The relative O and GS abundances 1670:1701 abundances 1692:1701 The relative O and GS abundances of 30 glycopeptides were determined by label-free quantitation, which revealed a >100-fold increase in the atypical glycopeptide from Cj0455c in isolate O. 25093254 0 5 link N-linked 60:67 arg1 specificity 102:112 relaxed sequon specificity 87:112 relaxed sequon specificity 87:112 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 0 5 link N-linked 60:67 arg1 cause 183:187 a major cause 175:187 a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis 175:216 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 0 5 link N-linked 60:67 arg1 glycosylation 69:81 increased N-linked glycosylation 50:81 increased N-linked glycosylation 50:81 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 9 6 theme C. 1933:1934 arg1 jejuni 1936:1941 C. jejuni 1933:1941 C. jejuni 1933:1941 Our data provide further evidence for the importance of the Pgl system in C. jejuni. 25093254 8 7 theme relative 1674:1681 arg1 O 1683:1683 The relative O and GS abundances 1670:1701 O 1683:1683 The relative O and GS abundances of 30 glycopeptides were determined by label-free quantitation, which revealed a >100-fold increase in the atypical glycopeptide from Cj0455c in isolate O. 25093254 6 8 gly glycopeptide 1332:1343 arg1 Cj0455c 1377:1383 Cj0455c 1377:1383 Cj0455c 1377:1383 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 6 8 gly glycopeptide 1332:1343 arg2 glycopeptide 1332:1343 A novel glycopeptide 1324:1343 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) 1324:1384 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 6 8 gly glycopeptide 1332:1343 arg1 protein 1368:1374 a 14 kDa membrane protein 1350:1374 a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) 1350:1384 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 4 9 theme specific 1109:1116 arg1 glycoproteins 1118:1130 specific glycoproteins 1109:1130 specific glycoproteins more abundant 1109:1144 Lectin blotting highlighted specific glycoproteins more abundant in NCTC11168 O, whereas others remained unaltered. 25093254 6 10 theme membrane 1359:1366 arg1 Cj0455c 1377:1383 Cj0455c 1377:1383 Cj0455c 1377:1383 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 6 10 theme membrane 1359:1366 arg1 protein 1368:1374 a 14 kDa membrane protein 1350:1374 a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) 1350:1384 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 7 11 from position 1622:1629 arg1 Gln 1608:1610 Gln 1608:1610 OxaA; Gln at the -2 position 1602:1629 Occupied atypical sequons were also observed in Cj0958c (OxaA; Gln at the -2 position) and Cj0152c (Ala at the +2 position). 25093254 2 12 theme altered 785:791 arg1 levels 793:798 statistically significant altered levels 759:798 statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants 759:828 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 6 13 theme 14 1352:1353 arg1 kDa 1355:1357 kDa 1355:1357 kDa 1355:1357 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 1 14 theme protein 239:245 arg1 jejuni 222:227 C. jejuni 219:227 C. jejuni 219:227 C. jejuni encodes a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus responsible for the N-glycosylation of membrane-associated proteins. 25093254 1 14 theme protein 239:245 arg1 locus 267:271 a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus 237:271 a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus responsible for the N-glycosylation of membrane-associated proteins 237:339 C. jejuni encodes a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus responsible for the N-glycosylation of membrane-associated proteins. 25093254 6 15 link N-linked 1436:1443 arg1 Pro 1471:1473 X ≠ Pro 1467:1473 X ≠ Pro 1467:1473 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 6 15 link N-linked 1436:1443 arg1 D/E-X-N-X-S/T 1452:1464 N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T 1436:1464 the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) 1422:1474 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 2 16 theme mass 599:602 arg1 2D-LC-MS/MS 618:628 2D-LC-MS/MS 618:628 2D-LC-MS/MS 618:628 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 2 16 theme mass 599:602 arg1 spectrometry 604:615 tandem mass spectrometry 592:615 tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) 592:629 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 2 17 theme jejuni 712:717 arg1 proteome 719:726 the predicted C. jejuni proteome 695:726 the predicted C. jejuni proteome 695:726 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 6 18 theme novel 1326:1330 arg1 glycopeptide 1332:1343 A novel glycopeptide 1324:1343 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) 1324:1384 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 2 19 theme proteomics 519:528 arg1 GS 467:468 GS 467:468 GS 467:468 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 2 19 theme proteomics 519:528 arg1 relative 492:499 a laboratory-adapted relative 471:499 a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) 471:629 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 9 20 theme system 1923:1928 arg1 importance 1901:1910 the importance 1897:1910 the importance of the Pgl system in C. jejuni 1897:1941 Our data provide further evidence for the importance of the Pgl system in C. jejuni. 25093254 8 21 from increase 1794:1801 arg1 Cj0455c 1837:1843 Cj0455c 1837:1843 Cj0455c 1837:1843 The relative O and GS abundances of 30 glycopeptides were determined by label-free quantitation, which revealed a >100-fold increase in the atypical glycopeptide from Cj0455c in isolate O. 25093254 8 21 from increase 1794:1801 arg1 glycopeptide 1819:1830 the atypical glycopeptide 1806:1830 the atypical glycopeptide from Cj0455c in isolate O 1806:1856 The relative O and GS abundances of 30 glycopeptides were determined by label-free quantitation, which revealed a >100-fold increase in the atypical glycopeptide from Cj0455c in isolate O. 25093254 2 22 theme O. 504:505 arg1 proteomics 519:528 O. Comparative proteomics 504:528 O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) 504:629 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 6 23 from protein 1368:1374 arg1 glycopeptide 1332:1343 A novel glycopeptide 1324:1343 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) 1324:1384 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 7 24 dep Cj0152c 1636:1642 arg1 Ala 1645:1647 Ala 1645:1647 Ala at the +2 position 1645:1666 Occupied atypical sequons were also observed in Cj0958c (OxaA; Gln at the -2 position) and Cj0152c (Ala at the +2 position). 25093254 5 25 theme novel 1289:1293 arg1 glycosites 1295:1304 30 completely novel glycosites 1275:1304 30 completely novel glycosites 1275:1304 Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and LC-MS/MS identified 30 completely novel glycosites from 15 proteins. 25093254 0 26 theme sequon 95:100 arg1 specificity 102:112 relaxed sequon specificity 87:112 relaxed sequon specificity 87:112 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 0 26 theme sequon 95:100 arg1 cause 183:187 a major cause 175:187 a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis 175:216 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 0 26 theme sequon 95:100 arg1 glycosylation 69:81 increased N-linked glycosylation 50:81 increased N-linked glycosylation 50:81 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 8 27 theme atypical 1810:1817 arg1 glycopeptide 1819:1830 the atypical glycopeptide 1806:1830 the atypical glycopeptide from Cj0455c in isolate O 1806:1856 The relative O and GS abundances of 30 glycopeptides were determined by label-free quantitation, which revealed a >100-fold increase in the atypical glycopeptide from Cj0455c in isolate O. 25093254 7 28 theme +2 1656:1657 arg1 position 1659:1666 the +2 position 1652:1666 the +2 position 1652:1666 Occupied atypical sequons were also observed in Cj0958c (OxaA; Gln at the -2 position) and Cj0152c (Ala at the +2 position). 25093254 2 29 theme two-dimensional 543:557 arg1 chromatography 566:579 iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography 533:579 chromatography 566:579 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 7 30 dep Cj0958c 1593:1599 arg1 OxaA 1602:1605 OxaA 1602:1605 OxaA; Gln at the -2 position 1602:1629 Occupied atypical sequons were also observed in Cj0958c (OxaA; Gln at the -2 position) and Cj0152c (Ala at the +2 position). 25093254 3 31 dep adhesins 879:886 arg1 adhesins 879:886 adhesins 879:886 adhesins (CadF and FlpA) 879:902 Proteins associated with the O variant included adhesins (CadF and FlpA), proteases, capsule biosynthesis, and cell shape determinants as well as six proteins encoded by the Pgl system, including the PglK flippase and PglB oligosaccharyltransferase. 25093254 3 31 dep adhesins 879:886 arg1 FlpA 898:901 FlpA 898:901 FlpA 898:901 Proteins associated with the O variant included adhesins (CadF and FlpA), proteases, capsule biosynthesis, and cell shape determinants as well as six proteins encoded by the Pgl system, including the PglK flippase and PglB oligosaccharyltransferase. 25093254 3 31 dep adhesins 879:886 arg1 CadF 889:892 CadF 889:892 CadF 889:892 Proteins associated with the O variant included adhesins (CadF and FlpA), proteases, capsule biosynthesis, and cell shape determinants as well as six proteins encoded by the Pgl system, including the PglK flippase and PglB oligosaccharyltransferase. 25093254 7 32 theme Occupied 1545:1552 arg1 sequons 1563:1569 Occupied atypical sequons 1545:1569 Occupied atypical sequons 1545:1569 Occupied atypical sequons were also observed in Cj0958c (OxaA; Gln at the -2 position) and Cj0152c (Ala at the +2 position). 25093254 2 33 theme iTRAQ 533:537 arg1 chromatography 566:579 iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography 533:579 chromatography 566:579 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 2 34 theme proteins 676:683 arg1 identification 653:666 the confident identification 639:666 the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome) 639:727 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 7 35 dep OxaA 1602:1605 arg1 Gln 1608:1610 Gln 1608:1610 OxaA; Gln at the -2 position 1602:1629 Occupied atypical sequons were also observed in Cj0958c (OxaA; Gln at the -2 position) and Cj0152c (Ala at the +2 position). 25093254 6 36 dep identified 1390:1399 arg1 contain 1414:1420 contain 1414:1420 did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) 1406:1474 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 6 36 dep identified 1390:1399 arg1 contained 1493:1501 contained 1493:1501 contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position 1493:1542 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 4 37 dep highlighted 1097:1107 arg1 whereas 1162:1168 whereas 1162:1168 whereas 1162:1168 Lectin blotting highlighted specific glycoproteins more abundant in NCTC11168 O, whereas others remained unaltered. 25093254 1 38 theme proteins 332:339 arg1 N-glycosylation 293:307 the N-glycosylation 289:307 the N-glycosylation of membrane-associated proteins 289:339 C. jejuni encodes a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus responsible for the N-glycosylation of membrane-associated proteins. 25093254 2 39 theme predicted 699:707 arg1 proteome 719:726 the predicted C. jejuni proteome 695:726 the predicted C. jejuni proteome 695:726 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 0 40 theme Comparative 0:10 arg1 proteomics 12:21 Comparative proteomics 0:21 Comparative proteomics 0:21 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 2 41 theme clinical 445:452 arg1 isolate 454:460 the original clinical isolate 432:460 the original clinical isolate 432:460 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 6 42 theme N-linked 1436:1443 arg1 Pro 1471:1473 X ≠ Pro 1467:1473 X ≠ Pro 1467:1473 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 6 42 theme N-linked 1436:1443 arg1 D/E-X-N-X-S/T 1452:1464 N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T 1436:1464 the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) 1422:1474 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 5 43 theme interaction 1209:1219 arg1 HILIC 1244:1248 HILIC 1244:1248 HILIC 1244:1248 Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and LC-MS/MS identified 30 completely novel glycosites from 15 proteins. 25093254 5 43 theme interaction 1209:1219 arg1 chromatography 1228:1241 Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1197:1241 Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) 1197:1249 Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and LC-MS/MS identified 30 completely novel glycosites from 15 proteins. 25093254 6 44 theme C. 1426:1427 arg1 jejuni 1429:1434 the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) 1422:1474 the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) 1422:1474 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 6 45 contain contained 1493:1501 arg1 that 1480:1483 that 1480:1483 that 1480:1483 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 6 45 contain contained 1493:1501 arg2 sequon 1505:1510 a sequon 1503:1510 a sequon with leucine at the -2 position 1503:1542 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 9 46 from importance 1901:1910 arg1 jejuni 1936:1941 C. jejuni 1933:1941 C. jejuni 1933:1941 Our data provide further evidence for the importance of the Pgl system in C. jejuni. 25093254 2 47 theme genome 374:379 arg1 variants 358:365 two variants 354:365 two variants 354:365 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 0 48 theme N-linked 60:67 arg1 specificity 102:112 relaxed sequon specificity 87:112 relaxed sequon specificity 87:112 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 0 48 theme N-linked 60:67 arg1 cause 183:187 a major cause 175:187 a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis 175:216 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 0 48 theme N-linked 60:67 arg1 glycosylation 69:81 increased N-linked glycosylation 50:81 increased N-linked glycosylation 50:81 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 3 49 theme shape 947:951 arg1 determinants 953:964 cell shape determinants 942:964 cell shape determinants 942:964 Proteins associated with the O variant included adhesins (CadF and FlpA), proteases, capsule biosynthesis, and cell shape determinants as well as six proteins encoded by the Pgl system, including the PglK flippase and PglB oligosaccharyltransferase. 25093254 4 50 theme Lectin 1081:1086 arg1 blotting 1088:1095 Lectin blotting 1081:1095 Lectin blotting 1081:1095 Lectin blotting highlighted specific glycoproteins more abundant in NCTC11168 O, whereas others remained unaltered. 25093254 2 51 from levels 793:798 arg1 present 748:754 present 748:754 present 748:754 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 1 52 theme glycosylation 247:259 arg1 jejuni 222:227 C. jejuni 219:227 C. jejuni 219:227 C. jejuni encodes a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus responsible for the N-glycosylation of membrane-associated proteins. 25093254 1 52 theme glycosylation 247:259 arg1 locus 267:271 a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus 237:271 a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus responsible for the N-glycosylation of membrane-associated proteins 237:339 C. jejuni encodes a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus responsible for the N-glycosylation of membrane-associated proteins. 25093254 7 53 located observed 1581:1588 arg1 Cj0958c 1593:1599 Cj0958c 1593:1599 Cj0958c (OxaA; Gln at the -2 position) 1593:1630 Occupied atypical sequons were also observed in Cj0958c (OxaA; Gln at the -2 position) and Cj0152c (Ala at the +2 position). 25093254 7 53 located observed 1581:1588 arg1 Cj0152c 1636:1642 Cj0152c 1636:1642 Cj0152c (Ala at the +2 position) 1636:1667 Occupied atypical sequons were also observed in Cj0958c (OxaA; Gln at the -2 position) and Cj0152c (Ala at the +2 position). 25093254 7 53 located observed 1581:1588 arg2 sequons 1563:1569 Occupied atypical sequons 1545:1569 Occupied atypical sequons 1545:1569 Occupied atypical sequons were also observed in Cj0958c (OxaA; Gln at the -2 position) and Cj0152c (Ala at the +2 position). 25093254 6 54 contain contain 1414:1420 arg1 that 1401:1404 that 1401:1404 that 1401:1404 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 6 54 contain contain 1414:1420 arg2 jejuni 1429:1434 the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) 1422:1474 the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) 1422:1474 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 5 55 gly glycosites 1295:1304 arg2 glycosites 1295:1304 30 completely novel glycosites 1275:1304 30 completely novel glycosites 1275:1304 Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and LC-MS/MS identified 30 completely novel glycosites from 15 proteins. 25093254 1 56 theme Pgl 262:264 arg1 jejuni 222:227 C. jejuni 219:227 C. jejuni 219:227 C. jejuni encodes a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus responsible for the N-glycosylation of membrane-associated proteins. 25093254 1 56 theme Pgl 262:264 arg1 locus 267:271 a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus 237:271 a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus responsible for the N-glycosylation of membrane-associated proteins 237:339 C. jejuni encodes a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus responsible for the N-glycosylation of membrane-associated proteins. 25093254 0 57 gly glycosylation 69:81 arg1 jejuni 165:170 jejuni 165:170 jejuni 165:170 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 0 58 theme gastroenteritis 202:216 arg1 specificity 102:112 relaxed sequon specificity 87:112 relaxed sequon specificity 87:112 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 0 58 theme gastroenteritis 202:216 arg1 cause 183:187 a major cause 175:187 a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis 175:216 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 0 58 theme gastroenteritis 202:216 arg1 glycosylation 69:81 increased N-linked glycosylation 50:81 increased N-linked glycosylation 50:81 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 2 59 theme strain 391:396 arg1 NCTC11168 398:406 strain NCTC11168 391:406 strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome) 391:727 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 3 60 theme Pgl 1005:1007 arg1 system 1009:1014 the Pgl system 1001:1014 the Pgl system 1001:1014 Proteins associated with the O variant included adhesins (CadF and FlpA), proteases, capsule biosynthesis, and cell shape determinants as well as six proteins encoded by the Pgl system, including the PglK flippase and PglB oligosaccharyltransferase. 25093254 3 61 theme PglK 1031:1034 arg1 flippase 1036:1043 the PglK flippase 1027:1043 the PglK flippase 1027:1043 Proteins associated with the O variant included adhesins (CadF and FlpA), proteases, capsule biosynthesis, and cell shape determinants as well as six proteins encoded by the Pgl system, including the PglK flippase and PglB oligosaccharyltransferase. 25093254 6 62 theme X 1467:1467 arg1 Pro 1471:1473 X ≠ Pro 1467:1473 X ≠ Pro 1467:1473 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 6 62 theme X 1467:1467 arg1 D/E-X-N-X-S/T 1452:1464 N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T 1436:1464 the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) 1422:1474 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 7 63 from position 1659:1666 arg1 Ala 1645:1647 Ala 1645:1647 Ala at the +2 position 1645:1666 Occupied atypical sequons were also observed in Cj0958c (OxaA; Gln at the -2 position) and Cj0152c (Ala at the +2 position). 25093254 2 64 theme significant 773:783 arg1 levels 793:798 statistically significant altered levels 759:798 statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants 759:828 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 8 65 theme isolate 1848:1854 arg1 O 1856:1856 isolate O 1848:1856 isolate O 1848:1856 The relative O and GS abundances of 30 glycopeptides were determined by label-free quantitation, which revealed a >100-fold increase in the atypical glycopeptide from Cj0455c in isolate O. 25093254 2 66 theme confident 643:651 arg1 identification 653:666 the confident identification 639:666 the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome) 639:727 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 2 67 theme abundance 803:811 arg1 levels 793:798 statistically significant altered levels 759:798 statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants 759:828 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 0 68 from specificity 102:112 arg1 jejuni 165:170 jejuni 165:170 jejuni 165:170 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 4 69 theme abundant 1137:1144 arg1 glycoproteins 1118:1130 specific glycoproteins 1109:1130 specific glycoproteins more abundant 1109:1144 Lectin blotting highlighted specific glycoproteins more abundant in NCTC11168 O, whereas others remained unaltered. 25093254 6 70 theme kDa 1355:1357 arg1 Cj0455c 1377:1383 Cj0455c 1377:1383 Cj0455c 1377:1383 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 6 70 theme kDa 1355:1357 arg1 protein 1368:1374 a 14 kDa membrane protein 1350:1374 a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) 1350:1384 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 1 71 theme C. 219:220 arg1 locus 267:271 a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus 237:271 a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus responsible for the N-glycosylation of membrane-associated proteins 237:339 C. jejuni encodes a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus responsible for the N-glycosylation of membrane-associated proteins. 25093254 1 71 theme C. 219:220 arg1 jejuni 222:227 C. jejuni 219:227 C. jejuni 219:227 C. jejuni encodes a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus responsible for the N-glycosylation of membrane-associated proteins. 25093254 2 72 theme liquid 559:564 arg1 chromatography 566:579 iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography 533:579 chromatography 566:579 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 8 73 gly glycopeptides 1709:1721 arg2 glycopeptides 1709:1721 30 glycopeptides 1706:1721 30 glycopeptides 1706:1721 The relative O and GS abundances of 30 glycopeptides were determined by label-free quantitation, which revealed a >100-fold increase in the atypical glycopeptide from Cj0455c in isolate O. 25093254 6 74 with sequon 1505:1510 arg1 leucine 1517:1523 leucine 1517:1523 leucine at the -2 position 1517:1542 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 1 75 gly N-glycosylation 293:307 arg1 proteins 332:339 membrane-associated proteins 312:339 membrane-associated proteins 312:339 C. jejuni encodes a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus responsible for the N-glycosylation of membrane-associated proteins. 25093254 2 76 theme proteome 719:726 arg1 % 690:690 73.9% 686:690 73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome 686:726 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 2 76 theme proteome 719:726 arg1 proteome 719:726 the predicted C. jejuni proteome 695:726 the predicted C. jejuni proteome 695:726 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 2 77 attach present 748:754 arg1 levels 793:798 statistically significant altered levels 759:798 statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants 759:828 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 2 77 attach present 748:754 arg2 187 739:741 187 739:741 187 739:741 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 2 78 theme tandem 592:597 arg1 2D-LC-MS/MS 618:628 2D-LC-MS/MS 618:628 2D-LC-MS/MS 618:628 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 2 78 theme tandem 592:597 arg1 spectrometry 604:615 tandem mass spectrometry 592:615 tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) 592:629 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 9 79 theme Pgl 1919:1921 arg1 system 1923:1928 the Pgl system 1915:1928 the Pgl system 1915:1928 Our data provide further evidence for the importance of the Pgl system in C. jejuni. 25093254 9 80 theme further 1876:1882 arg1 evidence 1884:1891 further evidence 1876:1891 further evidence for the importance of the Pgl system in C. jejuni 1876:1941 Our data provide further evidence for the importance of the Pgl system in C. jejuni. 25093254 0 81 theme relaxed 87:93 arg1 specificity 102:112 relaxed sequon specificity 87:112 relaxed sequon specificity 87:112 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 0 81 theme relaxed 87:93 arg1 cause 183:187 a major cause 175:187 a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis 175:216 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 0 81 theme relaxed 87:93 arg1 glycosylation 69:81 increased N-linked glycosylation 50:81 increased N-linked glycosylation 50:81 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 8 82 theme glycopeptides 1709:1721 arg1 O 1683:1683 The relative O and GS abundances 1670:1701 O 1683:1683 The relative O and GS abundances of 30 glycopeptides were determined by label-free quantitation, which revealed a >100-fold increase in the atypical glycopeptide from Cj0455c in isolate O. 25093254 8 82 theme glycopeptides 1709:1721 arg1 abundances 1692:1701 The relative O and GS abundances 1670:1701 abundances 1692:1701 The relative O and GS abundances of 30 glycopeptides were determined by label-free quantitation, which revealed a >100-fold increase in the atypical glycopeptide from Cj0455c in isolate O. 25093254 2 83 theme Comparative 507:517 arg1 proteomics 519:528 O. Comparative proteomics 504:528 O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) 504:629 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 3 84 theme PglB 1049:1052 arg1 oligosaccharyltransferase 1054:1078 PglB oligosaccharyltransferase 1049:1078 PglB oligosaccharyltransferase 1049:1078 Proteins associated with the O variant included adhesins (CadF and FlpA), proteases, capsule biosynthesis, and cell shape determinants as well as six proteins encoded by the Pgl system, including the PglK flippase and PglB oligosaccharyltransferase. 25093254 2 85 dep proteins 676:683 arg1 % 690:690 73.9% 686:690 73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome 686:726 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 2 85 dep proteins 676:683 arg1 proteome 719:726 the predicted C. jejuni proteome 695:726 the predicted C. jejuni proteome 695:726 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 7 86 theme atypical 1554:1561 arg1 sequons 1563:1569 Occupied atypical sequons 1545:1569 Occupied atypical sequons 1545:1569 Occupied atypical sequons were also observed in Cj0958c (OxaA; Gln at the -2 position) and Cj0152c (Ala at the +2 position). 25093254 3 87 theme O 860:860 arg1 variant 862:868 the O variant 856:868 the O variant 856:868 Proteins associated with the O variant included adhesins (CadF and FlpA), proteases, capsule biosynthesis, and cell shape determinants as well as six proteins encoded by the Pgl system, including the PglK flippase and PglB oligosaccharyltransferase. 25093254 8 88 theme label-free 1742:1751 arg1 quantitation 1753:1764 label-free quantitation 1742:1764 label-free quantitation 1742:1764 The relative O and GS abundances of 30 glycopeptides were determined by label-free quantitation, which revealed a >100-fold increase in the atypical glycopeptide from Cj0455c in isolate O. 25093254 0 89 from glycosylation 69:81 arg1 jejuni 165:170 jejuni 165:170 jejuni 165:170 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 1 90 theme membrane-associated 312:330 arg1 proteins 332:339 membrane-associated proteins 312:339 membrane-associated proteins 312:339 C. jejuni encodes a protein glycosylation (Pgl) locus responsible for the N-glycosylation of membrane-associated proteins. 25093254 4 91 gly glycoproteins 1118:1130 arg1 glycoproteins 1118:1130 specific glycoproteins 1109:1130 specific glycoproteins more abundant 1109:1144 Lectin blotting highlighted specific glycoproteins more abundant in NCTC11168 O, whereas others remained unaltered. 25093254 6 92 from position 1535:1542 arg1 leucine 1517:1523 leucine 1517:1523 leucine at the -2 position 1517:1542 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 3 93 theme capsule 916:922 arg1 biosynthesis 924:935 capsule biosynthesis 916:935 capsule biosynthesis 916:935 Proteins associated with the O variant included adhesins (CadF and FlpA), proteases, capsule biosynthesis, and cell shape determinants as well as six proteins encoded by the Pgl system, including the PglK flippase and PglB oligosaccharyltransferase. 25093254 2 94 theme C. 709:710 arg1 proteome 719:726 the predicted C. jejuni proteome 695:726 the predicted C. jejuni proteome 695:726 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 2 95 dep NCTC11168 398:406 arg1 allowed 631:637 allowed 631:637 allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome) 631:727 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 8 96 from glycopeptide 1819:1830 arg1 O 1856:1856 isolate O 1848:1856 isolate O 1848:1856 The relative O and GS abundances of 30 glycopeptides were determined by label-free quantitation, which revealed a >100-fold increase in the atypical glycopeptide from Cj0455c in isolate O. 25093254 6 97 theme sequon 1445:1450 arg1 Pro 1471:1473 X ≠ Pro 1467:1473 X ≠ Pro 1467:1473 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 6 97 theme sequon 1445:1450 arg1 D/E-X-N-X-S/T 1452:1464 N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T 1436:1464 the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) 1422:1474 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 5 98 theme Hydrophilic 1197:1207 arg1 HILIC 1244:1248 HILIC 1244:1248 HILIC 1244:1248 Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and LC-MS/MS identified 30 completely novel glycosites from 15 proteins. 25093254 5 98 theme Hydrophilic 1197:1207 arg1 chromatography 1228:1241 Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1197:1241 Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) 1197:1249 Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and LC-MS/MS identified 30 completely novel glycosites from 15 proteins. 25093254 8 99 theme >100-fold 1784:1792 arg1 increase 1794:1801 a >100-fold increase 1782:1801 a >100-fold increase in the atypical glycopeptide from Cj0455c in isolate O 1782:1856 The relative O and GS abundances of 30 glycopeptides were determined by label-free quantitation, which revealed a >100-fold increase in the atypical glycopeptide from Cj0455c in isolate O. 25093254 3 100 theme cell 942:945 arg1 determinants 953:964 cell shape determinants 942:964 cell shape determinants 942:964 Proteins associated with the O variant included adhesins (CadF and FlpA), proteases, capsule biosynthesis, and cell shape determinants as well as six proteins encoded by the Pgl system, including the PglK flippase and PglB oligosaccharyltransferase. 25093254 2 101 theme isolate 454:460 arg1 GS 467:468 GS 467:468 GS 467:468 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 2 101 theme isolate 454:460 arg1 O 409:409 O 409:409 O 409:409 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 2 101 theme isolate 454:460 arg1 representative 414:427 a representative 412:427 a representative of the original clinical isolate 412:460 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 2 101 theme isolate 454:460 arg1 relative 492:499 a laboratory-adapted relative 471:499 a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) 471:629 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 2 102 theme original 436:443 arg1 isolate 454:460 the original clinical isolate 432:460 the original clinical isolate 432:460 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 0 103 theme increased 50:58 arg1 specificity 102:112 relaxed sequon specificity 87:112 relaxed sequon specificity 87:112 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 0 103 theme increased 50:58 arg1 cause 183:187 a major cause 175:187 a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis 175:216 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 0 103 theme increased 50:58 arg1 glycosylation 69:81 increased N-linked glycosylation 50:81 increased N-linked glycosylation 50:81 Comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased N-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 O. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. 25093254 5 104 theme liquid 1221:1226 arg1 HILIC 1244:1248 HILIC 1244:1248 HILIC 1244:1248 Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and LC-MS/MS identified 30 completely novel glycosites from 15 proteins. 25093254 5 104 theme liquid 1221:1226 arg1 chromatography 1228:1241 Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1197:1241 Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) 1197:1249 Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and LC-MS/MS identified 30 completely novel glycosites from 15 proteins. 25093254 6 105 dep jejuni 1429:1434 arg1 Pro 1471:1473 X ≠ Pro 1467:1473 X ≠ Pro 1467:1473 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 6 105 dep jejuni 1429:1434 arg1 D/E-X-N-X-S/T 1452:1464 N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T 1436:1464 the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) 1422:1474 A novel glycopeptide from a 14 kDa membrane protein (Cj0455c) was identified that did not contain the C. jejuni N-linked sequon D/E-X-N-X-S/T (X ≠ Pro) but that instead contained a sequon with leucine at the -2 position. 25093254 2 106 theme laboratory-adapted 473:490 arg1 GS 467:468 GS 467:468 GS 467:468 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 2 106 theme laboratory-adapted 473:490 arg1 relative 492:499 a laboratory-adapted relative 471:499 a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) 471:629 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 8 107 from Cj0455c 1837:1843 arg1 glycopeptide 1819:1830 the atypical glycopeptide 1806:1830 the atypical glycopeptide from Cj0455c in isolate O 1806:1856 The relative O and GS abundances of 30 glycopeptides were determined by label-free quantitation, which revealed a >100-fold increase in the atypical glycopeptide from Cj0455c in isolate O. 25093254 8 107 from Cj0455c 1837:1843 arg1 increase 1794:1801 a >100-fold increase 1782:1801 a >100-fold increase in the atypical glycopeptide from Cj0455c in isolate O 1782:1856 The relative O and GS abundances of 30 glycopeptides were determined by label-free quantitation, which revealed a >100-fold increase in the atypical glycopeptide from Cj0455c in isolate O. 25093254 2 108 located present 748:754 arg1 levels 793:798 statistically significant altered levels 759:798 statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants 759:828 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 2 108 located present 748:754 arg2 187 739:741 187 739:741 187 739:741 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 2 109 theme variants 358:365 arg1 present 748:754 present 748:754 present 748:754 We examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain NCTC11168: O, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and GS, a laboratory-adapted relative of O. Comparative proteomics by iTRAQ and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) allowed the confident identification of 1214 proteins (73.9% of the predicted C. jejuni proteome), of which 187 were present at statistically significant altered levels of abundance between variants. 25093254 8 110 gly glycopeptide 1819:1830 arg2 glycopeptide 1819:1830 the atypical glycopeptide 1806:1830 the atypical glycopeptide from Cj0455c in isolate O 1806:1856 The relative O and GS abundances of 30 glycopeptides were determined by label-free quantitation, which revealed a >100-fold increase in the atypical glycopeptide from Cj0455c in isolate O. 26222427 7 0 theme Phaseolus 1320:1328 arg1 erythroagglutinin 1339:1355 Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin 1320:1355 Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin 1320:1355 Further binding analyses using various lectins against the mouse testicular Ts4-immunoprecipitants revealed that Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin and Pisum sativum agglutinin showed positive staining of the bands corresponding to Ts4 reactive proteins. 26222427 6 1 with agalacto-biantennary 1098:1117 arg1 motif 1200:1204 N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif 1171:1204 N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif 1171:1204 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26222427 6 1 with agalacto-biantennary 1098:1117 arg1 GlcNAc 1155:1160 GlcNAc 1155:1160 GlcNAc 1155:1160 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26222427 6 1 with agalacto-biantennary 1098:1117 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 1134:1152 bisecting N-acetylglucosamine 1124:1152 bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) 1124:1161 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26222427 1 2 theme auto-monoclonal 155:169 arg1 Ts4 136:138 Ts4 136:138 Ts4 136:138 Ts4, an anti-sperm auto-monoclonal antibody, possesses immunoreactivity to the acrosomal region of mouse epididymal spermatozoa. 26222427 1 2 theme auto-monoclonal 155:169 arg1 antibody 171:178 an anti-sperm auto-monoclonal antibody 141:178 an anti-sperm auto-monoclonal antibody 141:178 Ts4, an anti-sperm auto-monoclonal antibody, possesses immunoreactivity to the acrosomal region of mouse epididymal spermatozoa. 26222427 6 3 theme Ts4 905:907 arg1 immunoprecipitation 909:927 Ts4 immunoprecipitation 905:927 Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry 905:1000 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26222427 7 4 theme binding 1215:1221 arg1 analyses 1223:1230 Further binding analyses 1207:1230 Further binding analyses using various lectins against the mouse testicular Ts4-immunoprecipitants 1207:1304 Further binding analyses using various lectins against the mouse testicular Ts4-immunoprecipitants revealed that Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin and Pisum sativum agglutinin showed positive staining of the bands corresponding to Ts4 reactive proteins. 26222427 7 5 theme vulgaris 1330:1337 arg1 erythroagglutinin 1339:1355 Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin 1320:1355 Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin 1320:1355 Further binding analyses using various lectins against the mouse testicular Ts4-immunoprecipitants revealed that Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin and Pisum sativum agglutinin showed positive staining of the bands corresponding to Ts4 reactive proteins. 26222427 3 6 link N-linked 483:490 arg1 chain 520:524 a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain 481:524 a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain 481:524 Our qualitative study previously showed that the antigen epitope for Ts4 contained a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain on testicular glycoproteins as determined by Western blotting for testicular glycoproteins after treatment with several glycohydrolases. 26222427 3 7 theme testicular 529:538 arg1 glycoproteins 540:552 testicular glycoproteins 529:552 testicular glycoproteins 529:552 Our qualitative study previously showed that the antigen epitope for Ts4 contained a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain on testicular glycoproteins as determined by Western blotting for testicular glycoproteins after treatment with several glycohydrolases. 26222427 0 8 theme Auto-Monoclonal 105:119 arg1 Ts4 131:133 Ts4 131:133 Ts4 131:133 Chemical Characterization of N-Linked Oligosaccharide As the Antigen Epitope Recognized by an Anti-Sperm Auto-Monoclonal Antibody, Ts4. 26222427 0 8 theme Auto-Monoclonal 105:119 arg1 Antibody 121:128 an Anti-Sperm Auto-Monoclonal Antibody 91:128 an Anti-Sperm Auto-Monoclonal Antibody 91:128 Chemical Characterization of N-Linked Oligosaccharide As the Antigen Epitope Recognized by an Anti-Sperm Auto-Monoclonal Antibody, Ts4. 26222427 3 9 theme Western 571:577 arg1 blotting 579:586 Western blotting 571:586 Western blotting for testicular glycoproteins after treatment with several glycohydrolases 571:660 Our qualitative study previously showed that the antigen epitope for Ts4 contained a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain on testicular glycoproteins as determined by Western blotting for testicular glycoproteins after treatment with several glycohydrolases. 26222427 4 10 from chain 723:727 arg1 Ts4-epitope 732:742 Ts4-epitope 732:742 Ts4-epitope 732:742 Since the distribution of the Ts4-epitope is unique, the OS chain in Ts4-epitope may have role(s) in the reproductive process. 26222427 0 11 theme Anti-Sperm 94:103 arg1 Ts4 131:133 Ts4 131:133 Ts4 131:133 Chemical Characterization of N-Linked Oligosaccharide As the Antigen Epitope Recognized by an Anti-Sperm Auto-Monoclonal Antibody, Ts4. 26222427 0 11 theme Anti-Sperm 94:103 arg1 Antibody 121:128 an Anti-Sperm Auto-Monoclonal Antibody 91:128 an Anti-Sperm Auto-Monoclonal Antibody 91:128 Chemical Characterization of N-Linked Oligosaccharide As the Antigen Epitope Recognized by an Anti-Sperm Auto-Monoclonal Antibody, Ts4. 26222427 6 12 link N-linked 1077:1084 arg1 agalacto-biantennary 1098:1117 N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary 1077:1117 N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif 1077:1204 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26222427 6 12 link N-linked 1077:1084 arg1 structure 1030:1038 the candidate carbohydrate structure 1003:1038 the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope 1003:1057 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26222427 2 13 theme specific 292:299 arg1 immunoreactivity 301:316 specific immunoreactivity 292:316 specific immunoreactivity 292:316 In addition, the mAb shows specific immunoreactivity to reproduction-related regions such as testicular germ cells and early embryo. 26222427 3 14 gly glycoproteins 540:552 arg1 glycoproteins 540:552 testicular glycoproteins 529:552 testicular glycoproteins 529:552 Our qualitative study previously showed that the antigen epitope for Ts4 contained a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain on testicular glycoproteins as determined by Western blotting for testicular glycoproteins after treatment with several glycohydrolases. 26222427 6 15 theme N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc 1171:1198 arg1 motif 1200:1204 N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif 1171:1204 N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif 1171:1204 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26222427 7 16 theme testicular 1272:1281 arg1 Ts4-immunoprecipitants 1283:1304 the mouse testicular Ts4-immunoprecipitants 1262:1304 the mouse testicular Ts4-immunoprecipitants 1262:1304 Further binding analyses using various lectins against the mouse testicular Ts4-immunoprecipitants revealed that Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin and Pisum sativum agglutinin showed positive staining of the bands corresponding to Ts4 reactive proteins. 26222427 6 17 from structure 1030:1038 arg1 Ts4-epitope 1047:1057 the Ts4-epitope 1043:1057 the Ts4-epitope 1043:1057 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26222427 3 18 theme oligosaccharide 499:513 arg1 chain 520:524 a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain 481:524 a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain 481:524 Our qualitative study previously showed that the antigen epitope for Ts4 contained a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain on testicular glycoproteins as determined by Western blotting for testicular glycoproteins after treatment with several glycohydrolases. 26222427 6 19 theme bisecting 1124:1132 arg1 GlcNAc 1155:1160 GlcNAc 1155:1160 GlcNAc 1155:1160 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26222427 6 19 theme bisecting 1124:1132 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 1134:1152 bisecting N-acetylglucosamine 1124:1152 bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) 1124:1161 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26222427 6 20 theme fucosylated 1086:1096 arg1 agalacto-biantennary 1098:1117 N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary 1077:1117 N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif 1077:1204 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26222427 6 20 theme fucosylated 1086:1096 arg1 structure 1030:1038 the candidate carbohydrate structure 1003:1038 the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope 1003:1057 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26222427 6 21 theme carbohydrate 1017:1028 arg1 agalacto-biantennary 1098:1117 N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary 1077:1117 N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif 1077:1204 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26222427 6 21 theme carbohydrate 1017:1028 arg1 structure 1030:1038 the candidate carbohydrate structure 1003:1038 the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope 1003:1057 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26222427 4 22 contain have 748:751 arg2 s 758:758 s 758:758 s 758:758 Since the distribution of the Ts4-epitope is unique, the OS chain in Ts4-epitope may have role(s) in the reproductive process. 26222427 4 22 contain have 748:751 arg1 chain 723:727 the OS chain 716:727 the OS chain in Ts4-epitope 716:742 Since the distribution of the Ts4-epitope is unique, the OS chain in Ts4-epitope may have role(s) in the reproductive process. 26222427 4 22 contain have 748:751 arg2 role 753:756 role 753:756 role(s) 753:759 Since the distribution of the Ts4-epitope is unique, the OS chain in Ts4-epitope may have role(s) in the reproductive process. 26222427 7 23 theme Ts4 1441:1443 arg1 proteins 1454:1461 Ts4 reactive proteins 1441:1461 Ts4 reactive proteins 1441:1461 Further binding analyses using various lectins against the mouse testicular Ts4-immunoprecipitants revealed that Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin and Pisum sativum agglutinin showed positive staining of the bands corresponding to Ts4 reactive proteins. 26222427 7 24 theme mouse 1266:1270 arg1 Ts4-immunoprecipitants 1283:1304 the mouse testicular Ts4-immunoprecipitants 1262:1304 the mouse testicular Ts4-immunoprecipitants 1262:1304 Further binding analyses using various lectins against the mouse testicular Ts4-immunoprecipitants revealed that Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin and Pisum sativum agglutinin showed positive staining of the bands corresponding to Ts4 reactive proteins. 26222427 9 25 theme fucose 1716:1721 arg1 residues 1723:1730 fucose residues 1716:1730 fucose residues 1716:1730 These results show that the Ts4-epitope contains agalacto-biantennary N-glycan with bisecting GlcNAc carrying fucose residues. 26222427 7 26 dep Pisum 1361:1365 arg1 sativum 1367:1373 sativum 1367:1373 sativum 1367:1373 Further binding analyses using various lectins against the mouse testicular Ts4-immunoprecipitants revealed that Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin and Pisum sativum agglutinin showed positive staining of the bands corresponding to Ts4 reactive proteins. 26222427 4 27 theme OS 720:721 arg1 chain 723:727 the OS chain 716:727 the OS chain in Ts4-epitope 716:742 Since the distribution of the Ts4-epitope is unique, the OS chain in Ts4-epitope may have role(s) in the reproductive process. 26222427 0 28 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 Characterization 9:24 Chemical Characterization 0:24 Chemical Characterization of N-Linked Oligosaccharide As the Antigen Epitope Recognized by an Anti-Sperm Auto-Monoclonal Antibody, Ts4. 0:134 Chemical Characterization of N-Linked Oligosaccharide As the Antigen Epitope Recognized by an Anti-Sperm Auto-Monoclonal Antibody, Ts4. 26222427 6 29 theme candidate 1007:1015 arg1 agalacto-biantennary 1098:1117 N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary 1077:1117 N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif 1077:1204 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26222427 6 29 theme candidate 1007:1015 arg1 structure 1030:1038 the candidate carbohydrate structure 1003:1038 the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope 1003:1057 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26222427 9 30 with N-glycan 1676:1683 arg1 GlcNAc 1700:1705 bisecting GlcNAc 1690:1705 bisecting GlcNAc carrying fucose residues 1690:1730 These results show that the Ts4-epitope contains agalacto-biantennary N-glycan with bisecting GlcNAc carrying fucose residues. 26222427 8 31 theme Ts4 1498:1500 arg1 immunoreactivity 1478:1493 the immunoreactivity 1474:1493 the immunoreactivity of Ts4 against the testicular extract 1474:1531 Moreover, the immunoreactivity of Ts4 against the testicular extract was completely abrogated after digestion with β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. 26222427 5 32 theme OS 888:889 arg1 moiety 891:896 its OS moiety 884:896 its OS moiety 884:896 The aim of this study was to clarify the molecular structure of the Ts4-epitope, particularly its OS moiety. 26222427 0 33 theme N-Linked 29:36 arg1 Oligosaccharide 38:52 N-Linked Oligosaccharide 29:52 N-Linked Oligosaccharide 29:52 Chemical Characterization of N-Linked Oligosaccharide As the Antigen Epitope Recognized by an Anti-Sperm Auto-Monoclonal Antibody, Ts4. 26222427 6 34 gly fucosylated 1086:1096 arg1 agalacto-biantennary 1098:1117 N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary 1077:1117 N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif 1077:1204 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26222427 6 34 gly fucosylated 1086:1096 arg1 structure 1030:1038 the candidate carbohydrate structure 1003:1038 the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope 1003:1057 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26222427 2 35 theme reproduction-related 321:340 arg1 embryo 390:395 early embryo 384:395 early embryo 384:395 In addition, the mAb shows specific immunoreactivity to reproduction-related regions such as testicular germ cells and early embryo. 26222427 2 35 theme reproduction-related 321:340 arg1 cells 374:378 testicular germ cells 358:378 testicular germ cells 358:378 In addition, the mAb shows specific immunoreactivity to reproduction-related regions such as testicular germ cells and early embryo. 26222427 2 35 theme reproduction-related 321:340 arg1 regions 342:348 reproduction-related regions 321:348 reproduction-related regions such as testicular germ cells and early embryo 321:395 In addition, the mAb shows specific immunoreactivity to reproduction-related regions such as testicular germ cells and early embryo. 26222427 3 36 theme common 492:497 arg1 chain 520:524 a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain 481:524 a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain 481:524 Our qualitative study previously showed that the antigen epitope for Ts4 contained a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain on testicular glycoproteins as determined by Western blotting for testicular glycoproteins after treatment with several glycohydrolases. 26222427 3 37 theme qualitative 402:412 arg1 study 414:418 Our qualitative study 398:418 Our qualitative study 398:418 Our qualitative study previously showed that the antigen epitope for Ts4 contained a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain on testicular glycoproteins as determined by Western blotting for testicular glycoproteins after treatment with several glycohydrolases. 26222427 3 38 theme testicular 592:601 arg1 glycoproteins 603:615 testicular glycoproteins 592:615 testicular glycoproteins 592:615 Our qualitative study previously showed that the antigen epitope for Ts4 contained a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain on testicular glycoproteins as determined by Western blotting for testicular glycoproteins after treatment with several glycohydrolases. 26222427 7 39 theme various 1238:1244 arg1 lectins 1246:1252 various lectins 1238:1252 various lectins against the mouse testicular Ts4-immunoprecipitants 1238:1304 Further binding analyses using various lectins against the mouse testicular Ts4-immunoprecipitants revealed that Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin and Pisum sativum agglutinin showed positive staining of the bands corresponding to Ts4 reactive proteins. 26222427 1 40 theme acrosomal 215:223 arg1 region 225:230 the acrosomal region 211:230 the acrosomal region of mouse epididymal spermatozoa 211:262 Ts4, an anti-sperm auto-monoclonal antibody, possesses immunoreactivity to the acrosomal region of mouse epididymal spermatozoa. 26222427 3 41 gly glycoproteins 603:615 arg1 glycoproteins 603:615 testicular glycoproteins 592:615 testicular glycoproteins 592:615 Our qualitative study previously showed that the antigen epitope for Ts4 contained a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain on testicular glycoproteins as determined by Western blotting for testicular glycoproteins after treatment with several glycohydrolases. 26222427 7 42 theme bands 1418:1422 arg1 staining 1402:1409 positive staining 1393:1409 positive staining of the bands corresponding to Ts4 reactive proteins 1393:1461 Further binding analyses using various lectins against the mouse testicular Ts4-immunoprecipitants revealed that Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin and Pisum sativum agglutinin showed positive staining of the bands corresponding to Ts4 reactive proteins. 26222427 3 43 theme several 638:644 arg1 glycohydrolases 646:660 several glycohydrolases 638:660 several glycohydrolases 638:660 Our qualitative study previously showed that the antigen epitope for Ts4 contained a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain on testicular glycoproteins as determined by Western blotting for testicular glycoproteins after treatment with several glycohydrolases. 26222427 6 44 theme N-linked 1077:1084 arg1 agalacto-biantennary 1098:1117 N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary 1077:1117 N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif 1077:1204 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26222427 6 44 theme N-linked 1077:1084 arg1 structure 1030:1038 the candidate carbohydrate structure 1003:1038 the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope 1003:1057 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26222427 0 45 theme Oligosaccharide 38:52 arg1 Characterization 9:24 Chemical Characterization 0:24 Chemical Characterization of N-Linked Oligosaccharide As the Antigen Epitope Recognized by an Anti-Sperm Auto-Monoclonal Antibody, Ts4. 0:134 Chemical Characterization of N-Linked Oligosaccharide As the Antigen Epitope Recognized by an Anti-Sperm Auto-Monoclonal Antibody, Ts4. 26222427 6 46 theme mass 984:987 arg1 spectrometry 989:1000 multiple-stage mass spectrometry 969:1000 multiple-stage mass spectrometry 969:1000 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26222427 3 47 theme antigen 447:453 arg1 epitope 455:461 the antigen epitope 443:461 the antigen epitope for Ts4 443:469 Our qualitative study previously showed that the antigen epitope for Ts4 contained a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain on testicular glycoproteins as determined by Western blotting for testicular glycoproteins after treatment with several glycohydrolases. 26222427 1 48 contain possesses 181:189 arg1 Ts4 136:138 Ts4 136:138 Ts4 136:138 Ts4, an anti-sperm auto-monoclonal antibody, possesses immunoreactivity to the acrosomal region of mouse epididymal spermatozoa. 26222427 1 48 contain possesses 181:189 arg1 antibody 171:178 an anti-sperm auto-monoclonal antibody 141:178 an anti-sperm auto-monoclonal antibody 141:178 Ts4, an anti-sperm auto-monoclonal antibody, possesses immunoreactivity to the acrosomal region of mouse epididymal spermatozoa. 26222427 1 48 contain possesses 181:189 arg2 immunoreactivity 191:206 immunoreactivity 191:206 immunoreactivity to the acrosomal region of mouse epididymal spermatozoa 191:262 Ts4, an anti-sperm auto-monoclonal antibody, possesses immunoreactivity to the acrosomal region of mouse epididymal spermatozoa. 26222427 5 49 theme Ts4-epitope 858:868 arg1 structure 841:849 the molecular structure 827:849 the molecular structure of the Ts4-epitope 827:868 The aim of this study was to clarify the molecular structure of the Ts4-epitope, particularly its OS moiety. 26222427 3 50 theme N-linked 483:490 arg1 chain 520:524 a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain 481:524 a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain 481:524 Our qualitative study previously showed that the antigen epitope for Ts4 contained a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain on testicular glycoproteins as determined by Western blotting for testicular glycoproteins after treatment with several glycohydrolases. 26222427 0 51 theme Antigen 61:67 arg1 Epitope 69:75 the Antigen Epitope 57:75 the Antigen Epitope Recognized by an Anti-Sperm Auto-Monoclonal Antibody, Ts4 57:133 Chemical Characterization of N-Linked Oligosaccharide As the Antigen Epitope Recognized by an Anti-Sperm Auto-Monoclonal Antibody, Ts4. 26222427 3 52 with treatment 623:631 arg1 glycohydrolases 646:660 several glycohydrolases 638:660 several glycohydrolases 638:660 Our qualitative study previously showed that the antigen epitope for Ts4 contained a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain on testicular glycoproteins as determined by Western blotting for testicular glycoproteins after treatment with several glycohydrolases. 26222427 9 53 contain carrying 1707:1714 arg2 residues 1723:1730 fucose residues 1716:1730 fucose residues 1716:1730 These results show that the Ts4-epitope contains agalacto-biantennary N-glycan with bisecting GlcNAc carrying fucose residues. 26222427 9 53 contain carrying 1707:1714 arg1 GlcNAc 1700:1705 bisecting GlcNAc 1690:1705 bisecting GlcNAc carrying fucose residues 1690:1730 These results show that the Ts4-epitope contains agalacto-biantennary N-glycan with bisecting GlcNAc carrying fucose residues. 26222427 9 54 theme agalacto-biantennary 1655:1674 arg1 N-glycan 1676:1683 agalacto-biantennary N-glycan 1655:1683 agalacto-biantennary N-glycan with bisecting GlcNAc carrying fucose residues 1655:1730 These results show that the Ts4-epitope contains agalacto-biantennary N-glycan with bisecting GlcNAc carrying fucose residues. 26222427 9 55 theme bisecting 1690:1698 arg1 GlcNAc 1700:1705 bisecting GlcNAc 1690:1705 bisecting GlcNAc carrying fucose residues 1690:1730 These results show that the Ts4-epitope contains agalacto-biantennary N-glycan with bisecting GlcNAc carrying fucose residues. 26222427 8 56 with digestion 1564:1572 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 1579:1603 β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 1579:1603 β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 1579:1603 Moreover, the immunoreactivity of Ts4 against the testicular extract was completely abrogated after digestion with β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. 26222427 7 57 theme Further 1207:1213 arg1 analyses 1223:1230 Further binding analyses 1207:1230 Further binding analyses using various lectins against the mouse testicular Ts4-immunoprecipitants 1207:1304 Further binding analyses using various lectins against the mouse testicular Ts4-immunoprecipitants revealed that Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin and Pisum sativum agglutinin showed positive staining of the bands corresponding to Ts4 reactive proteins. 26222427 2 58 theme germ 369:372 arg1 cells 374:378 testicular germ cells 358:378 testicular germ cells 358:378 In addition, the mAb shows specific immunoreactivity to reproduction-related regions such as testicular germ cells and early embryo. 26222427 9 59 contain contains 1646:1653 arg1 Ts4-epitope 1634:1644 the Ts4-epitope 1630:1644 the Ts4-epitope 1630:1644 These results show that the Ts4-epitope contains agalacto-biantennary N-glycan with bisecting GlcNAc carrying fucose residues. 26222427 9 59 contain contains 1646:1653 arg2 N-glycan 1676:1683 agalacto-biantennary N-glycan 1655:1683 agalacto-biantennary N-glycan with bisecting GlcNAc carrying fucose residues 1655:1730 These results show that the Ts4-epitope contains agalacto-biantennary N-glycan with bisecting GlcNAc carrying fucose residues. 26222427 2 60 theme testicular 358:367 arg1 cells 374:378 testicular germ cells 358:378 testicular germ cells 358:378 In addition, the mAb shows specific immunoreactivity to reproduction-related regions such as testicular germ cells and early embryo. 26222427 4 61 theme reproductive 768:779 arg1 process 781:787 the reproductive process 764:787 the reproductive process 764:787 Since the distribution of the Ts4-epitope is unique, the OS chain in Ts4-epitope may have role(s) in the reproductive process. 26222427 1 62 theme mouse 235:239 arg1 spermatozoa 252:262 mouse epididymal spermatozoa 235:262 mouse epididymal spermatozoa 235:262 Ts4, an anti-sperm auto-monoclonal antibody, possesses immunoreactivity to the acrosomal region of mouse epididymal spermatozoa. 26222427 3 63 contain contained 471:479 arg1 glycoproteins 540:552 testicular glycoproteins 529:552 testicular glycoproteins 529:552 Our qualitative study previously showed that the antigen epitope for Ts4 contained a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain on testicular glycoproteins as determined by Western blotting for testicular glycoproteins after treatment with several glycohydrolases. 26222427 3 63 contain contained 471:479 arg1 epitope 455:461 the antigen epitope 443:461 the antigen epitope for Ts4 443:469 Our qualitative study previously showed that the antigen epitope for Ts4 contained a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain on testicular glycoproteins as determined by Western blotting for testicular glycoproteins after treatment with several glycohydrolases. 26222427 3 63 contain contained 471:479 arg2 chain 520:524 a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain 481:524 a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain 481:524 Our qualitative study previously showed that the antigen epitope for Ts4 contained a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain on testicular glycoproteins as determined by Western blotting for testicular glycoproteins after treatment with several glycohydrolases. 26222427 3 63 contain contained 471:479 arg2 epitope 455:461 the antigen epitope 443:461 the antigen epitope for Ts4 443:469 Our qualitative study previously showed that the antigen epitope for Ts4 contained a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain on testicular glycoproteins as determined by Western blotting for testicular glycoproteins after treatment with several glycohydrolases. 26222427 3 64 theme OS 516:517 arg1 chain 520:524 a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain 481:524 a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain 481:524 Our qualitative study previously showed that the antigen epitope for Ts4 contained a N-linked common oligosaccharide (OS) chain on testicular glycoproteins as determined by Western blotting for testicular glycoproteins after treatment with several glycohydrolases. 26222427 7 65 theme reactive 1445:1452 arg1 proteins 1454:1461 Ts4 reactive proteins 1441:1461 Ts4 reactive proteins 1441:1461 Further binding analyses using various lectins against the mouse testicular Ts4-immunoprecipitants revealed that Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin and Pisum sativum agglutinin showed positive staining of the bands corresponding to Ts4 reactive proteins. 26222427 1 66 theme epididymal 241:250 arg1 spermatozoa 252:262 mouse epididymal spermatozoa 235:262 mouse epididymal spermatozoa 235:262 Ts4, an anti-sperm auto-monoclonal antibody, possesses immunoreactivity to the acrosomal region of mouse epididymal spermatozoa. 26222427 4 67 theme Ts4-epitope 693:703 arg1 unique 708:713 unique 708:713 unique 708:713 Since the distribution of the Ts4-epitope is unique, the OS chain in Ts4-epitope may have role(s) in the reproductive process. 26222427 4 67 theme Ts4-epitope 693:703 arg1 distribution 673:684 the distribution 669:684 the distribution of the Ts4-epitope 669:703 Since the distribution of the Ts4-epitope is unique, the OS chain in Ts4-epitope may have role(s) in the reproductive process. 26222427 2 68 theme early 384:388 arg1 embryo 390:395 early embryo 384:395 early embryo 384:395 In addition, the mAb shows specific immunoreactivity to reproduction-related regions such as testicular germ cells and early embryo. 26222427 8 69 theme testicular 1514:1523 arg1 extract 1525:1531 the testicular extract 1510:1531 the testicular extract 1510:1531 Moreover, the immunoreactivity of Ts4 against the testicular extract was completely abrogated after digestion with β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. 26222427 1 70 theme spermatozoa 252:262 arg1 region 225:230 the acrosomal region 211:230 the acrosomal region of mouse epididymal spermatozoa 211:262 Ts4, an anti-sperm auto-monoclonal antibody, possesses immunoreactivity to the acrosomal region of mouse epididymal spermatozoa. 26222427 5 71 theme study 806:810 arg1 aim 794:796 The aim 790:796 The aim of this study 790:810 The aim of this study was to clarify the molecular structure of the Ts4-epitope, particularly its OS moiety. 26222427 6 72 theme liquid 943:948 arg1 chromatography 950:963 liquid chromatography 943:963 liquid chromatography 943:963 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26222427 5 73 theme molecular 831:839 arg1 structure 841:849 the molecular structure 827:849 the molecular structure of the Ts4-epitope 827:868 The aim of this study was to clarify the molecular structure of the Ts4-epitope, particularly its OS moiety. 26222427 7 74 theme positive 1393:1400 arg1 staining 1402:1409 positive staining 1393:1409 positive staining of the bands corresponding to Ts4 reactive proteins 1393:1461 Further binding analyses using various lectins against the mouse testicular Ts4-immunoprecipitants revealed that Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin and Pisum sativum agglutinin showed positive staining of the bands corresponding to Ts4 reactive proteins. 26222427 1 75 theme anti-sperm 144:153 arg1 Ts4 136:138 Ts4 136:138 Ts4 136:138 Ts4, an anti-sperm auto-monoclonal antibody, possesses immunoreactivity to the acrosomal region of mouse epididymal spermatozoa. 26222427 1 75 theme anti-sperm 144:153 arg1 antibody 171:178 an anti-sperm auto-monoclonal antibody 141:178 an anti-sperm auto-monoclonal antibody 141:178 Ts4, an anti-sperm auto-monoclonal antibody, possesses immunoreactivity to the acrosomal region of mouse epididymal spermatozoa. 26222427 7 76 theme Pisum 1361:1365 arg1 agglutinin 1375:1384 Pisum sativum agglutinin 1361:1384 Pisum sativum agglutinin 1361:1384 Further binding analyses using various lectins against the mouse testicular Ts4-immunoprecipitants revealed that Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin and Pisum sativum agglutinin showed positive staining of the bands corresponding to Ts4 reactive proteins. 26222427 6 77 theme multiple-stage 969:982 arg1 spectrometry 989:1000 multiple-stage mass spectrometry 969:1000 multiple-stage mass spectrometry 969:1000 Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif. 26677397 8 0 theme condition 982:990 arg1 [100 °C 992:998 The optimal pretreatment condition [100 °C 957:998 The optimal pretreatment condition [100 °C 957:998 The optimal pretreatment condition [100 °C, 30 min, and 5.3 mM H2O2 (determined FeSO4 concentration of 11.9 mM)] was identified using a central composite design. 26677397 4 1 theme crystalline 590:600 arg1 structure 602:610 crystalline structure 590:610 crystalline structure 590:610 In this process, hydroxyl radicals formed by a Fenton system were employed in combination with heating to alter the crystalline structure and hydrogen bonds of cellulose in the algal biomass. 26677397 11 2 theme simple 1577:1582 arg1 sugars 1584:1589 simple sugars 1577:1589 simple sugars 1577:1589 CONCLUSION Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment was used as a novel method to convert the carbohydrates in the algal cell wall into simple sugars. 26677397 7 3 theme temperature 888:898 arg1 effects 877:883 The effects 873:883 The effects of temperature, time, and hydroxyl radical concentration 873:940 The effects of temperature, time, and hydroxyl radical concentration were analyzed. 26677397 11 4 theme radical-aided 1458:1470 arg1 pretreatment 1480:1491 CONCLUSION Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment 1438:1491 CONCLUSION Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment 1438:1491 CONCLUSION Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment was used as a novel method to convert the carbohydrates in the algal cell wall into simple sugars. 26677397 11 4 theme radical-aided 1458:1470 arg1 method 1513:1518 a novel method 1505:1518 a novel method to convert the carbohydrates in the algal cell wall into simple sugars 1505:1589 CONCLUSION Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment was used as a novel method to convert the carbohydrates in the algal cell wall into simple sugars. 26677397 10 5 theme milder 1407:1412 arg1 condition 1427:1435 the milder pretreatment condition 1403:1435 the milder pretreatment condition 1403:1435 Both microalgal and macroalgal biomasses showed higher enzymatic digestibility of cellulose conversion (>80 %) after the milder pretreatment condition. 26677397 6 6 theme algal 813:817 arg1 walls 824:828 algal cell walls 813:828 algal cell walls 813:828 This method releases trapped polysaccharides in algal cell walls and converts them into fermentable sugars. 26677397 1 7 theme cell 177:180 arg1 structures 187:196 cell wall structures 177:196 cell wall structures that differ from terrestrial biomass 177:233 BACKGROUND Algal biomass, known as a potential feedstock for biofuel production, has cell wall structures that differ from terrestrial biomass. 26677397 9 8 theme inhibitors 1216:1225 arg1 formation 1203:1211 formation 1203:1211 formation of inhibitors such as hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural as by-products 1203:1283 Complete (100 %) carbohydrate recovery was achieved with some algal biomass without formation of inhibitors such as hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural as by-products. 26677397 2 9 theme terrestrial 324:334 arg1 biomass 336:342 terrestrial biomass 324:342 terrestrial biomass 324:342 The existing methods for processing algae are limited to conventional pretreatments for terrestrial biomass. 26677397 14 10 theme conventional 1962:1973 arg1 pretreatments 1975:1987 conventional pretreatments 1962:1987 conventional pretreatments 1962:1987 The new pretreatment requires low concentration of chemical solvents and milder temperature conditions, which can prevent the toxic and corrosive effects that typically result from conventional pretreatments. 26677397 16 11 theme biochemical 2221:2231 arg1 conversion 2233:2242 biochemical conversion 2221:2242 biochemical conversion of algal biomass to fuels and chemicals 2221:2282 The new pretreatment development mimicking natural system could be useful for biochemical conversion of algal biomass to fuels and chemicals. 26677397 1 12 theme terrestrial 215:225 arg1 biomass 227:233 terrestrial biomass 215:233 terrestrial biomass 215:233 BACKGROUND Algal biomass, known as a potential feedstock for biofuel production, has cell wall structures that differ from terrestrial biomass. 26677397 11 13 used used 1497:1500 arg2 method 1513:1518 a novel method 1505:1518 a novel method to convert the carbohydrates in the algal cell wall into simple sugars 1505:1589 CONCLUSION Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment was used as a novel method to convert the carbohydrates in the algal cell wall into simple sugars. 26677397 11 13 used used 1497:1500 arg2 pretreatment 1480:1491 CONCLUSION Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment 1438:1491 CONCLUSION Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment 1438:1491 CONCLUSION Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment was used as a novel method to convert the carbohydrates in the algal cell wall into simple sugars. 26677397 16 14 theme biomass 2253:2259 arg1 conversion 2233:2242 biochemical conversion 2221:2242 biochemical conversion of algal biomass to fuels and chemicals 2221:2282 The new pretreatment development mimicking natural system could be useful for biochemical conversion of algal biomass to fuels and chemicals. 26677397 5 15 theme low 684:686 arg1 concentrations 688:701 low concentrations 684:701 low concentrations 684:701 FeSO4 and H2O2 at low concentrations were employed to initiate the formation of hydroxyl radicals. 26677397 14 16 theme corrosive 1917:1925 arg1 effects 1927:1933 the toxic and corrosive effects 1903:1933 the toxic and corrosive effects that typically result from conventional pretreatments 1903:1987 The new pretreatment requires low concentration of chemical solvents and milder temperature conditions, which can prevent the toxic and corrosive effects that typically result from conventional pretreatments. 26677397 10 17 theme pretreatment 1414:1425 arg1 condition 1427:1435 the milder pretreatment condition 1403:1435 the milder pretreatment condition 1403:1435 Both microalgal and macroalgal biomasses showed higher enzymatic digestibility of cellulose conversion (>80 %) after the milder pretreatment condition. 26677397 2 18 theme processing 261:270 arg1 algae 272:276 processing algae 261:276 processing algae 261:276 The existing methods for processing algae are limited to conventional pretreatments for terrestrial biomass. 26677397 14 19 theme toxic 1907:1911 arg1 effects 1927:1933 the toxic and corrosive effects 1903:1933 the toxic and corrosive effects that typically result from conventional pretreatments 1903:1987 The new pretreatment requires low concentration of chemical solvents and milder temperature conditions, which can prevent the toxic and corrosive effects that typically result from conventional pretreatments. 26677397 0 20 theme enhanced 65:72 arg1 biodegradability 74:89 enhanced biodegradability 65:89 enhanced biodegradability 65:89 Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment of algal biomass for enhanced biodegradability. 26677397 1 21 theme biofuel 153:159 arg1 production 161:170 biofuel production 153:170 biofuel production 153:170 BACKGROUND Algal biomass, known as a potential feedstock for biofuel production, has cell wall structures that differ from terrestrial biomass. 26677397 16 22 theme pretreatment 2151:2162 arg1 development 2164:2174 The new pretreatment development 2143:2174 The new pretreatment development mimicking natural system 2143:2199 The new pretreatment development mimicking natural system could be useful for biochemical conversion of algal biomass to fuels and chemicals. 26677397 16 22 theme pretreatment 2151:2162 arg1 useful 2210:2215 useful 2210:2215 useful 2210:2215 The new pretreatment development mimicking natural system could be useful for biochemical conversion of algal biomass to fuels and chemicals. 26677397 11 23 theme cell 1562:1565 arg1 wall 1567:1570 the algal cell wall 1552:1570 the algal cell wall 1552:1570 CONCLUSION Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment was used as a novel method to convert the carbohydrates in the algal cell wall into simple sugars. 26677397 15 24 theme inhibitor 2091:2099 arg1 production 2101:2110 no inhibitor production 2088:2110 no inhibitor production 2088:2110 Our data showed that the advantages of the new pretreatment include higher carbohydrate recovery, no inhibitor production, and lower energy consumption. 26677397 8 25 theme FeSO4 1037:1041 arg1 concentration 1043:1055 determined FeSO4 concentration 1026:1055 determined FeSO4 concentration of 11.9 mM 1026:1066 The optimal pretreatment condition [100 °C, 30 min, and 5.3 mM H2O2 (determined FeSO4 concentration of 11.9 mM)] was identified using a central composite design. 26677397 4 26 theme Fenton 521:526 arg1 system 528:533 a Fenton system 519:533 a Fenton system 519:533 In this process, hydroxyl radicals formed by a Fenton system were employed in combination with heating to alter the crystalline structure and hydrogen bonds of cellulose in the algal biomass. 26677397 13 27 theme proposed 1750:1757 arg1 process 1772:1778 the proposed pretreatment process 1746:1778 the proposed pretreatment process 1746:1778 Overall, enhanced algal biomass digestibility was demonstrated with the proposed pretreatment process. 26677397 9 28 theme Complete 1119:1126 arg1 recovery 1149:1156 Complete (100 %) carbohydrate recovery 1119:1156 Complete (100 %) carbohydrate recovery 1119:1156 Complete (100 %) carbohydrate recovery was achieved with some algal biomass without formation of inhibitors such as hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural as by-products. 26677397 13 29 theme biomass 1702:1708 arg1 digestibility 1710:1722 enhanced algal biomass digestibility 1687:1722 enhanced algal biomass digestibility 1687:1722 Overall, enhanced algal biomass digestibility was demonstrated with the proposed pretreatment process. 26677397 10 30 theme macroalgal 1306:1315 arg1 biomasses 1317:1325 Both microalgal and macroalgal biomasses 1286:1325 Both microalgal and macroalgal biomasses 1286:1325 Both microalgal and macroalgal biomasses showed higher enzymatic digestibility of cellulose conversion (>80 %) after the milder pretreatment condition. 26677397 3 31 theme algal 459:463 arg1 biomass 465:471 algal biomass 459:471 algal biomass 459:471 RESULTS In this study, we investigated a novel hydroxyl radical-aided approach for pretreating different types of algal biomass. 26677397 5 32 theme radicals 755:762 arg1 formation 733:741 the formation 729:741 the formation of hydroxyl radicals 729:762 FeSO4 and H2O2 at low concentrations were employed to initiate the formation of hydroxyl radicals. 26677397 1 33 theme BACKGROUND 92:101 arg1 biomass 109:115 BACKGROUND Algal biomass 92:115 BACKGROUND Algal biomass 92:115 BACKGROUND Algal biomass, known as a potential feedstock for biofuel production, has cell wall structures that differ from terrestrial biomass. 26677397 3 34 theme hydroxyl 392:399 arg1 approach 415:422 a novel hydroxyl radical-aided approach 384:422 a novel hydroxyl radical-aided approach for pretreating different types of algal biomass 384:471 RESULTS In this study, we investigated a novel hydroxyl radical-aided approach for pretreating different types of algal biomass. 26677397 10 35 theme microalgal 1291:1300 arg1 biomasses 1317:1325 Both microalgal and macroalgal biomasses 1286:1325 Both microalgal and macroalgal biomasses 1286:1325 Both microalgal and macroalgal biomasses showed higher enzymatic digestibility of cellulose conversion (>80 %) after the milder pretreatment condition. 26677397 15 36 theme lower 2117:2121 arg1 consumption 2130:2140 lower energy consumption 2117:2140 lower energy consumption 2117:2140 Our data showed that the advantages of the new pretreatment include higher carbohydrate recovery, no inhibitor production, and lower energy consumption. 26677397 12 37 theme algal 1663:1667 arg1 biomass 1669:1675 the algal biomass 1659:1675 the algal biomass 1659:1675 Overall, this method increased the amount of glucose released from the algal biomass. 26677397 15 38 theme no 2088:2089 arg1 production 2101:2110 no inhibitor production 2088:2110 no inhibitor production 2088:2110 Our data showed that the advantages of the new pretreatment include higher carbohydrate recovery, no inhibitor production, and lower energy consumption. 26677397 10 39 theme enzymatic 1341:1349 arg1 % 1394:1394 >80 % 1390:1394 >80 % 1390:1394 Both microalgal and macroalgal biomasses showed higher enzymatic digestibility of cellulose conversion (>80 %) after the milder pretreatment condition. 26677397 10 39 theme enzymatic 1341:1349 arg1 digestibility 1351:1363 higher enzymatic digestibility 1334:1363 higher enzymatic digestibility of cellulose conversion (>80 %) 1334:1395 Both microalgal and macroalgal biomasses showed higher enzymatic digestibility of cellulose conversion (>80 %) after the milder pretreatment condition. 26677397 0 40 theme thermal 23:29 arg1 pretreatment 31:42 thermal pretreatment 23:42 thermal pretreatment of algal biomass for enhanced biodegradability 23:89 Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment of algal biomass for enhanced biodegradability. 26677397 14 41 theme temperature 1861:1871 arg1 conditions 1873:1882 milder temperature conditions 1854:1882 milder temperature conditions 1854:1882 The new pretreatment requires low concentration of chemical solvents and milder temperature conditions, which can prevent the toxic and corrosive effects that typically result from conventional pretreatments. 26677397 11 42 from carbohydrates 1535:1547 arg1 wall 1567:1570 the algal cell wall 1552:1570 the algal cell wall 1552:1570 CONCLUSION Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment was used as a novel method to convert the carbohydrates in the algal cell wall into simple sugars. 26677397 13 43 theme enhanced 1687:1694 arg1 digestibility 1710:1722 enhanced algal biomass digestibility 1687:1722 enhanced algal biomass digestibility 1687:1722 Overall, enhanced algal biomass digestibility was demonstrated with the proposed pretreatment process. 26677397 8 44 theme central 1093:1099 arg1 design 1111:1116 a central composite design 1091:1116 a central composite design 1091:1116 The optimal pretreatment condition [100 °C, 30 min, and 5.3 mM H2O2 (determined FeSO4 concentration of 11.9 mM)] was identified using a central composite design. 26677397 15 45 theme higher 2058:2063 arg1 recovery 2078:2085 higher carbohydrate recovery 2058:2085 higher carbohydrate recovery 2058:2085 Our data showed that the advantages of the new pretreatment include higher carbohydrate recovery, no inhibitor production, and lower energy consumption. 26677397 1 46 contain has 173:175 arg1 biomass 109:115 BACKGROUND Algal biomass 92:115 BACKGROUND Algal biomass 92:115 BACKGROUND Algal biomass, known as a potential feedstock for biofuel production, has cell wall structures that differ from terrestrial biomass. 26677397 1 46 contain has 173:175 arg2 structures 187:196 cell wall structures 177:196 cell wall structures that differ from terrestrial biomass 177:233 BACKGROUND Algal biomass, known as a potential feedstock for biofuel production, has cell wall structures that differ from terrestrial biomass. 26677397 10 47 theme conversion 1378:1387 arg1 % 1394:1394 >80 % 1390:1394 >80 % 1390:1394 Both microalgal and macroalgal biomasses showed higher enzymatic digestibility of cellulose conversion (>80 %) after the milder pretreatment condition. 26677397 10 47 theme conversion 1378:1387 arg1 digestibility 1351:1363 higher enzymatic digestibility 1334:1363 higher enzymatic digestibility of cellulose conversion (>80 %) 1334:1395 Both microalgal and macroalgal biomasses showed higher enzymatic digestibility of cellulose conversion (>80 %) after the milder pretreatment condition. 26677397 0 48 theme biomass 53:59 arg1 pretreatment 31:42 thermal pretreatment 23:42 thermal pretreatment of algal biomass for enhanced biodegradability 23:89 Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment of algal biomass for enhanced biodegradability. 26677397 14 49 theme chemical 1832:1839 arg1 solvents 1841:1848 chemical solvents 1832:1848 chemical solvents 1832:1848 The new pretreatment requires low concentration of chemical solvents and milder temperature conditions, which can prevent the toxic and corrosive effects that typically result from conventional pretreatments. 26677397 15 50 theme pretreatment 2037:2048 arg1 advantages 2015:2024 the advantages 2011:2024 the advantages of the new pretreatment 2011:2048 Our data showed that the advantages of the new pretreatment include higher carbohydrate recovery, no inhibitor production, and lower energy consumption. 26677397 9 51 theme carbohydrate 1136:1147 arg1 recovery 1149:1156 Complete (100 %) carbohydrate recovery 1119:1156 Complete (100 %) carbohydrate recovery 1119:1156 Complete (100 %) carbohydrate recovery was achieved with some algal biomass without formation of inhibitors such as hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural as by-products. 26677397 7 52 theme concentration 928:940 arg1 effects 877:883 The effects 873:883 The effects of temperature, time, and hydroxyl radical concentration 873:940 The effects of temperature, time, and hydroxyl radical concentration were analyzed. 26677397 5 53 from concentrations 688:701 arg1 FeSO4 666:670 FeSO4 666:670 FeSO4 666:670 FeSO4 and H2O2 at low concentrations were employed to initiate the formation of hydroxyl radicals. 26677397 5 53 from concentrations 688:701 arg1 H2O2 676:679 H2O2 676:679 H2O2 676:679 FeSO4 and H2O2 at low concentrations were employed to initiate the formation of hydroxyl radicals. 26677397 9 54 dep Complete 1119:1126 arg1 % 1133:1133 100 % 1129:1133 100 % 1129:1133 Complete (100 %) carbohydrate recovery was achieved with some algal biomass without formation of inhibitors such as hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural as by-products. 26677397 4 55 theme hydrogen 616:623 arg1 bonds 625:629 hydrogen bonds 616:629 hydrogen bonds 616:629 In this process, hydroxyl radicals formed by a Fenton system were employed in combination with heating to alter the crystalline structure and hydrogen bonds of cellulose in the algal biomass. 26677397 7 56 theme hydroxyl 911:918 arg1 concentration 928:940 hydroxyl radical concentration 911:940 hydroxyl radical concentration 911:940 The effects of temperature, time, and hydroxyl radical concentration were analyzed. 26677397 14 57 theme new 1785:1787 arg1 pretreatment 1789:1800 The new pretreatment 1781:1800 The new pretreatment 1781:1800 The new pretreatment requires low concentration of chemical solvents and milder temperature conditions, which can prevent the toxic and corrosive effects that typically result from conventional pretreatments. 26677397 9 58 theme algal 1181:1185 arg1 biomass 1187:1193 some algal biomass 1176:1193 some algal biomass 1176:1193 Complete (100 %) carbohydrate recovery was achieved with some algal biomass without formation of inhibitors such as hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural as by-products. 26677397 2 59 theme conventional 293:304 arg1 pretreatments 306:318 conventional pretreatments 293:318 conventional pretreatments for terrestrial biomass 293:342 The existing methods for processing algae are limited to conventional pretreatments for terrestrial biomass. 26677397 6 60 theme cell 819:822 arg1 walls 824:828 algal cell walls 813:828 algal cell walls 813:828 This method releases trapped polysaccharides in algal cell walls and converts them into fermentable sugars. 26677397 4 61 with combination 552:562 arg1 heating 569:575 heating 569:575 heating 569:575 In this process, hydroxyl radicals formed by a Fenton system were employed in combination with heating to alter the crystalline structure and hydrogen bonds of cellulose in the algal biomass. 26677397 1 62 theme wall 182:185 arg1 structures 187:196 cell wall structures 177:196 cell wall structures that differ from terrestrial biomass 177:233 BACKGROUND Algal biomass, known as a potential feedstock for biofuel production, has cell wall structures that differ from terrestrial biomass. 26677397 12 63 theme glucose 1637:1643 arg1 glucose 1637:1643 glucose 1637:1643 glucose 1637:1643 Overall, this method increased the amount of glucose released from the algal biomass. 26677397 12 63 theme glucose 1637:1643 arg1 amount 1627:1632 the amount 1623:1632 the amount of glucose released from the algal biomass 1623:1675 Overall, this method increased the amount of glucose released from the algal biomass. 26677397 8 64 theme determined 1026:1035 arg1 concentration 1043:1055 determined FeSO4 concentration 1026:1055 determined FeSO4 concentration of 11.9 mM 1026:1066 The optimal pretreatment condition [100 °C, 30 min, and 5.3 mM H2O2 (determined FeSO4 concentration of 11.9 mM)] was identified using a central composite design. 26677397 16 65 theme new 2147:2149 arg1 development 2164:2174 The new pretreatment development 2143:2174 The new pretreatment development mimicking natural system 2143:2199 The new pretreatment development mimicking natural system could be useful for biochemical conversion of algal biomass to fuels and chemicals. 26677397 16 65 theme new 2147:2149 arg1 useful 2210:2215 useful 2210:2215 useful 2210:2215 The new pretreatment development mimicking natural system could be useful for biochemical conversion of algal biomass to fuels and chemicals. 26677397 6 66 theme trapped 786:792 arg1 polysaccharides 794:808 trapped polysaccharides 786:808 trapped polysaccharides 786:808 This method releases trapped polysaccharides in algal cell walls and converts them into fermentable sugars. 26677397 10 67 theme cellulose 1368:1376 arg1 conversion 1378:1387 cellulose conversion 1368:1387 cellulose conversion 1368:1387 Both microalgal and macroalgal biomasses showed higher enzymatic digestibility of cellulose conversion (>80 %) after the milder pretreatment condition. 26677397 16 68 theme algal 2247:2251 arg1 biomass 2253:2259 algal biomass 2247:2259 algal biomass 2247:2259 The new pretreatment development mimicking natural system could be useful for biochemical conversion of algal biomass to fuels and chemicals. 26677397 4 69 dep structure 602:610 arg1 the 586:588 the 586:588 the 586:588 In this process, hydroxyl radicals formed by a Fenton system were employed in combination with heating to alter the crystalline structure and hydrogen bonds of cellulose in the algal biomass. 26677397 2 70 theme existing 240:247 arg1 limited 282:288 limited 282:288 limited 282:288 The existing methods for processing algae are limited to conventional pretreatments for terrestrial biomass. 26677397 2 70 theme existing 240:247 arg1 methods 249:255 The existing methods 236:255 The existing methods for processing algae 236:276 The existing methods for processing algae are limited to conventional pretreatments for terrestrial biomass. 26677397 4 71 theme algal 651:655 arg1 biomass 657:663 the algal biomass 647:663 the algal biomass 647:663 In this process, hydroxyl radicals formed by a Fenton system were employed in combination with heating to alter the crystalline structure and hydrogen bonds of cellulose in the algal biomass. 26677397 1 72 theme potential 129:137 arg1 feedstock 139:147 a potential feedstock 127:147 a potential feedstock for biofuel production 127:170 BACKGROUND Algal biomass, known as a potential feedstock for biofuel production, has cell wall structures that differ from terrestrial biomass. 26677397 11 73 theme algal 1556:1560 arg1 wall 1567:1570 the algal cell wall 1552:1570 the algal cell wall 1552:1570 CONCLUSION Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment was used as a novel method to convert the carbohydrates in the algal cell wall into simple sugars. 26677397 15 74 theme new 2033:2035 arg1 pretreatment 2037:2048 the new pretreatment 2029:2048 the new pretreatment 2029:2048 Our data showed that the advantages of the new pretreatment include higher carbohydrate recovery, no inhibitor production, and lower energy consumption. 26677397 8 75 theme 11.9 mM 1060:1066 arg1 concentration 1043:1055 determined FeSO4 concentration 1026:1055 determined FeSO4 concentration of 11.9 mM 1026:1066 The optimal pretreatment condition [100 °C, 30 min, and 5.3 mM H2O2 (determined FeSO4 concentration of 11.9 mM)] was identified using a central composite design. 26677397 8 76 theme pretreatment 969:980 arg1 [100 °C 992:998 The optimal pretreatment condition [100 °C 957:998 The optimal pretreatment condition [100 °C 957:998 The optimal pretreatment condition [100 °C, 30 min, and 5.3 mM H2O2 (determined FeSO4 concentration of 11.9 mM)] was identified using a central composite design. 26677397 4 77 theme hydroxyl 491:498 arg1 radicals 500:507 hydroxyl radicals 491:507 hydroxyl radicals formed by a Fenton system 491:533 In this process, hydroxyl radicals formed by a Fenton system were employed in combination with heating to alter the crystalline structure and hydrogen bonds of cellulose in the algal biomass. 26677397 13 78 theme pretreatment 1759:1770 arg1 process 1772:1778 the proposed pretreatment process 1746:1778 the proposed pretreatment process 1746:1778 Overall, enhanced algal biomass digestibility was demonstrated with the proposed pretreatment process. 26677397 5 79 theme hydroxyl 746:753 arg1 radicals 755:762 hydroxyl radicals 746:762 hydroxyl radicals 746:762 FeSO4 and H2O2 at low concentrations were employed to initiate the formation of hydroxyl radicals. 26677397 15 80 theme energy 2123:2128 arg1 consumption 2130:2140 lower energy consumption 2117:2140 lower energy consumption 2117:2140 Our data showed that the advantages of the new pretreatment include higher carbohydrate recovery, no inhibitor production, and lower energy consumption. 26677397 16 81 theme natural 2186:2192 arg1 system 2194:2199 natural system 2186:2199 natural system 2186:2199 The new pretreatment development mimicking natural system could be useful for biochemical conversion of algal biomass to fuels and chemicals. 26677397 14 82 theme low 1811:1813 arg1 concentration 1815:1827 low concentration 1811:1827 low concentration of chemical solvents and milder temperature conditions, which can prevent the toxic and corrosive effects that typically result from conventional pretreatments 1811:1987 The new pretreatment requires low concentration of chemical solvents and milder temperature conditions, which can prevent the toxic and corrosive effects that typically result from conventional pretreatments. 26677397 8 83 dep H2O2 1020:1023 arg1 concentration 1043:1055 determined FeSO4 concentration 1026:1055 determined FeSO4 concentration of 11.9 mM 1026:1066 The optimal pretreatment condition [100 °C, 30 min, and 5.3 mM H2O2 (determined FeSO4 concentration of 11.9 mM)] was identified using a central composite design. 26677397 3 84 theme biomass 465:471 arg1 types 450:454 different types 440:454 different types of algal biomass 440:471 RESULTS In this study, we investigated a novel hydroxyl radical-aided approach for pretreating different types of algal biomass. 26677397 1 85 theme Algal 103:107 arg1 biomass 109:115 BACKGROUND Algal biomass 92:115 BACKGROUND Algal biomass 92:115 BACKGROUND Algal biomass, known as a potential feedstock for biofuel production, has cell wall structures that differ from terrestrial biomass. 26677397 3 86 theme radical-aided 401:413 arg1 approach 415:422 a novel hydroxyl radical-aided approach 384:422 a novel hydroxyl radical-aided approach for pretreating different types of algal biomass 384:471 RESULTS In this study, we investigated a novel hydroxyl radical-aided approach for pretreating different types of algal biomass. 26677397 11 87 theme novel 1507:1511 arg1 pretreatment 1480:1491 CONCLUSION Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment 1438:1491 CONCLUSION Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment 1438:1491 CONCLUSION Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment was used as a novel method to convert the carbohydrates in the algal cell wall into simple sugars. 26677397 11 87 theme novel 1507:1511 arg1 method 1513:1518 a novel method 1505:1518 a novel method to convert the carbohydrates in the algal cell wall into simple sugars 1505:1589 CONCLUSION Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment was used as a novel method to convert the carbohydrates in the algal cell wall into simple sugars. 26677397 14 88 theme conditions 1873:1882 arg1 concentration 1815:1827 low concentration 1811:1827 low concentration of chemical solvents and milder temperature conditions, which can prevent the toxic and corrosive effects that typically result from conventional pretreatments 1811:1987 The new pretreatment requires low concentration of chemical solvents and milder temperature conditions, which can prevent the toxic and corrosive effects that typically result from conventional pretreatments. 26677397 3 89 theme novel 386:390 arg1 approach 415:422 a novel hydroxyl radical-aided approach 384:422 a novel hydroxyl radical-aided approach for pretreating different types of algal biomass 384:471 RESULTS In this study, we investigated a novel hydroxyl radical-aided approach for pretreating different types of algal biomass. 26677397 3 90 dep RESULTS 345:351 arg1 investigated 371:382 investigated 371:382 investigated a novel hydroxyl radical-aided approach for pretreating different types of algal biomass 371:471 RESULTS In this study, we investigated a novel hydroxyl radical-aided approach for pretreating different types of algal biomass. 26677397 10 91 theme higher 1334:1339 arg1 % 1394:1394 >80 % 1390:1394 >80 % 1390:1394 Both microalgal and macroalgal biomasses showed higher enzymatic digestibility of cellulose conversion (>80 %) after the milder pretreatment condition. 26677397 10 91 theme higher 1334:1339 arg1 digestibility 1351:1363 higher enzymatic digestibility 1334:1363 higher enzymatic digestibility of cellulose conversion (>80 %) 1334:1395 Both microalgal and macroalgal biomasses showed higher enzymatic digestibility of cellulose conversion (>80 %) after the milder pretreatment condition. 26677397 0 92 theme algal 47:51 arg1 biomass 53:59 algal biomass 47:59 algal biomass 47:59 Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment of algal biomass for enhanced biodegradability. 26677397 14 93 theme milder 1854:1859 arg1 conditions 1873:1882 milder temperature conditions 1854:1882 milder temperature conditions 1854:1882 The new pretreatment requires low concentration of chemical solvents and milder temperature conditions, which can prevent the toxic and corrosive effects that typically result from conventional pretreatments. 26677397 8 94 theme composite 1101:1109 arg1 design 1111:1116 a central composite design 1091:1116 a central composite design 1091:1116 The optimal pretreatment condition [100 °C, 30 min, and 5.3 mM H2O2 (determined FeSO4 concentration of 11.9 mM)] was identified using a central composite design. 26677397 3 95 theme different 440:448 arg1 types 450:454 different types 440:454 different types of algal biomass 440:471 RESULTS In this study, we investigated a novel hydroxyl radical-aided approach for pretreating different types of algal biomass. 26677397 13 96 theme algal 1696:1700 arg1 digestibility 1710:1722 enhanced algal biomass digestibility 1687:1722 enhanced algal biomass digestibility 1687:1722 Overall, enhanced algal biomass digestibility was demonstrated with the proposed pretreatment process. 26677397 14 97 theme solvents 1841:1848 arg1 concentration 1815:1827 low concentration 1811:1827 low concentration of chemical solvents and milder temperature conditions, which can prevent the toxic and corrosive effects that typically result from conventional pretreatments 1811:1987 The new pretreatment requires low concentration of chemical solvents and milder temperature conditions, which can prevent the toxic and corrosive effects that typically result from conventional pretreatments. 26677397 15 98 theme carbohydrate 2065:2076 arg1 recovery 2078:2085 higher carbohydrate recovery 2058:2085 higher carbohydrate recovery 2058:2085 Our data showed that the advantages of the new pretreatment include higher carbohydrate recovery, no inhibitor production, and lower energy consumption. 26677397 12 99 attach released 1645:1652 arg1 biomass 1669:1675 the algal biomass 1659:1675 the algal biomass 1659:1675 Overall, this method increased the amount of glucose released from the algal biomass. 26677397 12 99 attach released 1645:1652 arg2 glucose 1637:1643 glucose 1637:1643 glucose 1637:1643 Overall, this method increased the amount of glucose released from the algal biomass. 26677397 12 99 attach released 1645:1652 arg2 amount 1627:1632 the amount 1623:1632 the amount of glucose released from the algal biomass 1623:1675 Overall, this method increased the amount of glucose released from the algal biomass. 26677397 7 100 theme radical 920:926 arg1 concentration 928:940 hydroxyl radical concentration 911:940 hydroxyl radical concentration 911:940 The effects of temperature, time, and hydroxyl radical concentration were analyzed. 26677397 6 101 theme fermentable 853:863 arg1 sugars 865:870 fermentable sugars 853:870 fermentable sugars 853:870 This method releases trapped polysaccharides in algal cell walls and converts them into fermentable sugars. 26677397 11 102 theme thermal 1472:1478 arg1 pretreatment 1480:1491 CONCLUSION Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment 1438:1491 CONCLUSION Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment 1438:1491 CONCLUSION Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment was used as a novel method to convert the carbohydrates in the algal cell wall into simple sugars. 26677397 11 102 theme thermal 1472:1478 arg1 method 1513:1518 a novel method 1505:1518 a novel method to convert the carbohydrates in the algal cell wall into simple sugars 1505:1589 CONCLUSION Hydroxyl radical-aided thermal pretreatment was used as a novel method to convert the carbohydrates in the algal cell wall into simple sugars. 26677397 8 103 theme optimal 961:967 arg1 [100 °C 992:998 The optimal pretreatment condition [100 °C 957:998 The optimal pretreatment condition [100 °C 957:998 The optimal pretreatment condition [100 °C, 30 min, and 5.3 mM H2O2 (determined FeSO4 concentration of 11.9 mM)] was identified using a central composite design. 26677397 4 104 theme cellulose 634:642 arg1 structure 602:610 crystalline structure 590:610 crystalline structure 590:610 In this process, hydroxyl radicals formed by a Fenton system were employed in combination with heating to alter the crystalline structure and hydrogen bonds of cellulose in the algal biomass. 26677397 4 104 theme cellulose 634:642 arg1 bonds 625:629 hydrogen bonds 616:629 hydrogen bonds 616:629 In this process, hydroxyl radicals formed by a Fenton system were employed in combination with heating to alter the crystalline structure and hydrogen bonds of cellulose in the algal biomass. 26677397 7 105 theme time 901:904 arg1 effects 877:883 The effects 873:883 The effects of temperature, time, and hydroxyl radical concentration 873:940 The effects of temperature, time, and hydroxyl radical concentration were analyzed. 26041157 0 0 theme potential 73:81 arg1 effects 83:89 potential effects 73:89 potential effects on sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts 73:155 Tunisian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-products: Characterization and potential effects on sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts. 26041157 1 1 theme physico-chemical 295:310 arg1 composition 312:322 their physico-chemical composition 289:322 their physico-chemical composition 289:322 Three Tunisian date varieties, Deglet Nour, Kentichi and Allig, served to produce syrups and powders, which were then examined for their physico-chemical composition and antioxidant properties. 26041157 2 2 theme coloring 553:560 arg1 agents 562:567 any artificial flavoring or coloring agents 525:567 any artificial flavoring or coloring agents 525:567 Different proportions of these sweetening-like agents were incorporated to produce nine different formulations of dairy desserts, with lower amount of added sugars to avoid any artificial flavoring or coloring agents. 26041157 5 3 theme apparent 908:915 arg1 viscosity 917:925 apparent viscosity 908:925 apparent viscosity 908:925 In addition, date by-products create a good source of natural thickening agents, involved in enhancing apparent viscosity and spontaneous exudation. 26041157 4 4 theme product 788:794 arg1 texture 796:802 the final product texture 778:802 the final product texture 778:802 Furthermore, syrup polysaccharides and fibers contribute to better maintain the final product texture. 26041157 2 5 theme flavoring 540:548 arg1 agents 562:567 any artificial flavoring or coloring agents 525:567 any artificial flavoring or coloring agents 525:567 Different proportions of these sweetening-like agents were incorporated to produce nine different formulations of dairy desserts, with lower amount of added sugars to avoid any artificial flavoring or coloring agents. 26041157 2 6 theme lower 487:491 arg1 amount 493:498 lower amount 487:498 lower amount of added sugars to avoid any artificial flavoring or coloring agents 487:567 Different proportions of these sweetening-like agents were incorporated to produce nine different formulations of dairy desserts, with lower amount of added sugars to avoid any artificial flavoring or coloring agents. 26041157 2 6 theme lower 487:491 arg1 sugars 509:514 added sugars 503:514 added sugars 503:514 Different proportions of these sweetening-like agents were incorporated to produce nine different formulations of dairy desserts, with lower amount of added sugars to avoid any artificial flavoring or coloring agents. 26041157 2 7 theme added 503:507 arg1 sugars 509:514 added sugars 503:514 added sugars 503:514 Different proportions of these sweetening-like agents were incorporated to produce nine different formulations of dairy desserts, with lower amount of added sugars to avoid any artificial flavoring or coloring agents. 26041157 7 8 with products 1184:1191 arg1 nutritional-properties 1203:1224 high nutritional-properties 1198:1224 high nutritional-properties 1198:1224 Therefore, they could be valued as natural ingredients in the formulation of novel dairy products with high nutritional-properties. 26041157 4 9 theme final 782:786 arg1 texture 796:802 the final product texture 778:802 the final product texture 778:802 Furthermore, syrup polysaccharides and fibers contribute to better maintain the final product texture. 26041157 6 10 theme date 1006:1009 arg1 by-products 1011:1021 date by-products 1006:1021 date by-products 1006:1021 Thanks to their high content in phenolic compounds, date by-products considerably improve antioxidant activities of the formulated desserts. 26041157 1 11 theme antioxidant 328:338 arg1 properties 340:349 antioxidant properties 328:349 antioxidant properties 328:349 Three Tunisian date varieties, Deglet Nour, Kentichi and Allig, served to produce syrups and powders, which were then examined for their physico-chemical composition and antioxidant properties. 26041157 5 12 theme thickening 867:876 arg1 agents 878:883 natural thickening agents 859:883 natural thickening agents 859:883 In addition, date by-products create a good source of natural thickening agents, involved in enhancing apparent viscosity and spontaneous exudation. 26041157 2 13 theme sugars 509:514 arg1 amount 493:498 lower amount 487:498 lower amount of added sugars to avoid any artificial flavoring or coloring agents 487:567 Different proportions of these sweetening-like agents were incorporated to produce nine different formulations of dairy desserts, with lower amount of added sugars to avoid any artificial flavoring or coloring agents. 26041157 2 13 theme sugars 509:514 arg1 sugars 509:514 added sugars 503:514 added sugars 503:514 Different proportions of these sweetening-like agents were incorporated to produce nine different formulations of dairy desserts, with lower amount of added sugars to avoid any artificial flavoring or coloring agents. 26041157 2 14 theme sweetening-like 383:397 arg1 agents 399:404 these sweetening-like agents 377:404 these sweetening-like agents 377:404 Different proportions of these sweetening-like agents were incorporated to produce nine different formulations of dairy desserts, with lower amount of added sugars to avoid any artificial flavoring or coloring agents. 26041157 0 15 theme sensory 94:100 arg1 properties 128:137 sensory, textural and antioxidant properties 94:137 sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts 94:155 Tunisian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-products: Characterization and potential effects on sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts. 26041157 7 16 theme natural 1130:1136 arg1 they 1106:1109 they 1106:1109 they 1106:1109 Therefore, they could be valued as natural ingredients in the formulation of novel dairy products with high nutritional-properties. 26041157 7 16 theme natural 1130:1136 arg1 ingredients 1138:1148 natural ingredients 1130:1148 natural ingredients in the formulation of novel dairy products with high nutritional-properties 1130:1224 Therefore, they could be valued as natural ingredients in the formulation of novel dairy products with high nutritional-properties. 26041157 2 17 theme different 440:448 arg1 formulations 450:461 nine different formulations 435:461 nine different formulations of dairy desserts 435:479 Different proportions of these sweetening-like agents were incorporated to produce nine different formulations of dairy desserts, with lower amount of added sugars to avoid any artificial flavoring or coloring agents. 26041157 1 18 theme Tunisian 164:171 arg1 Allig 215:219 Allig 215:219 Allig 215:219 Three Tunisian date varieties, Deglet Nour, Kentichi and Allig, served to produce syrups and powders, which were then examined for their physico-chemical composition and antioxidant properties. 26041157 1 18 theme Tunisian 164:171 arg1 Kentichi 202:209 Kentichi 202:209 Kentichi 202:209 Three Tunisian date varieties, Deglet Nour, Kentichi and Allig, served to produce syrups and powders, which were then examined for their physico-chemical composition and antioxidant properties. 26041157 1 18 theme Tunisian 164:171 arg1 varieties 178:186 Three Tunisian date varieties 158:186 Three Tunisian date varieties 158:186 Three Tunisian date varieties, Deglet Nour, Kentichi and Allig, served to produce syrups and powders, which were then examined for their physico-chemical composition and antioxidant properties. 26041157 1 18 theme Tunisian 164:171 arg1 Nour 196:199 Nour 196:199 Nour 196:199 Three Tunisian date varieties, Deglet Nour, Kentichi and Allig, served to produce syrups and powders, which were then examined for their physico-chemical composition and antioxidant properties. 26041157 0 19 theme date 9:12 arg1 by-products 39:49 Tunisian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-products 0:49 Tunisian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-products: Characterization and potential effects on sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts. 0:156 Tunisian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-products: Characterization and potential effects on sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts. 26041157 1 20 theme date 173:176 arg1 Allig 215:219 Allig 215:219 Allig 215:219 Three Tunisian date varieties, Deglet Nour, Kentichi and Allig, served to produce syrups and powders, which were then examined for their physico-chemical composition and antioxidant properties. 26041157 1 20 theme date 173:176 arg1 Kentichi 202:209 Kentichi 202:209 Kentichi 202:209 Three Tunisian date varieties, Deglet Nour, Kentichi and Allig, served to produce syrups and powders, which were then examined for their physico-chemical composition and antioxidant properties. 26041157 1 20 theme date 173:176 arg1 varieties 178:186 Three Tunisian date varieties 158:186 Three Tunisian date varieties 158:186 Three Tunisian date varieties, Deglet Nour, Kentichi and Allig, served to produce syrups and powders, which were then examined for their physico-chemical composition and antioxidant properties. 26041157 1 20 theme date 173:176 arg1 Nour 196:199 Nour 196:199 Nour 196:199 Three Tunisian date varieties, Deglet Nour, Kentichi and Allig, served to produce syrups and powders, which were then examined for their physico-chemical composition and antioxidant properties. 26041157 0 21 theme Tunisian 0:7 arg1 Phoenix 15:21 Phoenix 15:21 Phoenix 15:21 Tunisian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-products: Characterization and potential effects on sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts. 26041157 0 21 theme Tunisian 0:7 arg1 date 9:12 Tunisian date 0:12 Tunisian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-products: Characterization and potential effects on sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts. 0:156 Tunisian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-products: Characterization and potential effects on sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts. 26041157 6 22 from content 975:981 arg1 compounds 995:1003 phenolic compounds 986:1003 phenolic compounds 986:1003 Thanks to their high content in phenolic compounds, date by-products considerably improve antioxidant activities of the formulated desserts. 26041157 3 23 theme Sensory 570:576 arg1 data 599:602 Sensory and color evaluation data 570:602 Sensory and color evaluation data 570:602 Sensory and color evaluation data revealed that incorporating Deglet Nour and Kentichi syrup offers the most desirable formulation. 26041157 6 24 theme phenolic 986:993 arg1 compounds 995:1003 phenolic compounds 986:1003 phenolic compounds 986:1003 Thanks to their high content in phenolic compounds, date by-products considerably improve antioxidant activities of the formulated desserts. 26041157 3 25 theme evaluation 588:597 arg1 data 599:602 Sensory and color evaluation data 570:602 Sensory and color evaluation data 570:602 Sensory and color evaluation data revealed that incorporating Deglet Nour and Kentichi syrup offers the most desirable formulation. 26041157 5 26 theme good 844:847 arg1 source 849:854 a good source 842:854 a good source 842:854 In addition, date by-products create a good source of natural thickening agents, involved in enhancing apparent viscosity and spontaneous exudation. 26041157 7 27 theme high 1198:1201 arg1 nutritional-properties 1203:1224 high nutritional-properties 1198:1224 high nutritional-properties 1198:1224 Therefore, they could be valued as natural ingredients in the formulation of novel dairy products with high nutritional-properties. 26041157 0 28 theme textural 103:110 arg1 properties 128:137 sensory, textural and antioxidant properties 94:137 sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts 94:155 Tunisian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-products: Characterization and potential effects on sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts. 26041157 7 29 theme products 1184:1191 arg1 formulation 1157:1167 the formulation 1153:1167 the formulation of novel dairy products with high nutritional-properties 1153:1224 Therefore, they could be valued as natural ingredients in the formulation of novel dairy products with high nutritional-properties. 26041157 6 30 theme desserts 1085:1092 arg1 activities 1056:1065 antioxidant activities 1044:1065 antioxidant activities of the formulated desserts 1044:1092 Thanks to their high content in phenolic compounds, date by-products considerably improve antioxidant activities of the formulated desserts. 26041157 7 31 theme dairy 1178:1182 arg1 products 1184:1191 novel dairy products 1172:1191 novel dairy products with high nutritional-properties 1172:1224 Therefore, they could be valued as natural ingredients in the formulation of novel dairy products with high nutritional-properties. 26041157 5 32 theme spontaneous 931:941 arg1 exudation 943:951 spontaneous exudation 931:951 spontaneous exudation 931:951 In addition, date by-products create a good source of natural thickening agents, involved in enhancing apparent viscosity and spontaneous exudation. 26041157 2 33 theme artificial 529:538 arg1 agents 562:567 any artificial flavoring or coloring agents 525:567 any artificial flavoring or coloring agents 525:567 Different proportions of these sweetening-like agents were incorporated to produce nine different formulations of dairy desserts, with lower amount of added sugars to avoid any artificial flavoring or coloring agents. 26041157 0 34 dep by-products 39:49 arg1 Characterization 52:67 Characterization 52:67 Characterization 52:67 Tunisian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-products: Characterization and potential effects on sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts. 26041157 0 34 dep by-products 39:49 arg1 effects 83:89 potential effects 73:89 potential effects on sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts 73:155 Tunisian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-products: Characterization and potential effects on sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts. 26041157 6 35 theme formulated 1074:1083 arg1 desserts 1085:1092 the formulated desserts 1070:1092 the formulated desserts 1070:1092 Thanks to their high content in phenolic compounds, date by-products considerably improve antioxidant activities of the formulated desserts. 26041157 2 36 theme desserts 472:479 arg1 formulations 450:461 nine different formulations 435:461 nine different formulations of dairy desserts 435:479 Different proportions of these sweetening-like agents were incorporated to produce nine different formulations of dairy desserts, with lower amount of added sugars to avoid any artificial flavoring or coloring agents. 26041157 6 37 theme high 970:973 arg1 content 975:981 their high content 964:981 their high content in phenolic compounds 964:1003 Thanks to their high content in phenolic compounds, date by-products considerably improve antioxidant activities of the formulated desserts. 26041157 0 38 theme antioxidant 116:126 arg1 properties 128:137 sensory, textural and antioxidant properties 94:137 sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts 94:155 Tunisian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-products: Characterization and potential effects on sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts. 26041157 0 39 from Characterization 52:67 arg1 properties 128:137 sensory, textural and antioxidant properties 94:137 sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts 94:155 Tunisian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-products: Characterization and potential effects on sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts. 26041157 5 40 theme natural 859:865 arg1 agents 878:883 natural thickening agents 859:883 natural thickening agents 859:883 In addition, date by-products create a good source of natural thickening agents, involved in enhancing apparent viscosity and spontaneous exudation. 26041157 2 41 theme agents 399:404 arg1 proportions 362:372 Different proportions 352:372 Different proportions of these sweetening-like agents 352:404 Different proportions of these sweetening-like agents were incorporated to produce nine different formulations of dairy desserts, with lower amount of added sugars to avoid any artificial flavoring or coloring agents. 26041157 2 42 theme dairy 466:470 arg1 desserts 472:479 dairy desserts 466:479 dairy desserts 466:479 Different proportions of these sweetening-like agents were incorporated to produce nine different formulations of dairy desserts, with lower amount of added sugars to avoid any artificial flavoring or coloring agents. 26041157 7 43 from ingredients 1138:1148 arg1 formulation 1157:1167 the formulation 1153:1167 the formulation of novel dairy products with high nutritional-properties 1153:1224 Therefore, they could be valued as natural ingredients in the formulation of novel dairy products with high nutritional-properties. 26041157 0 44 theme dairy 142:146 arg1 desserts 148:155 dairy desserts 142:155 dairy desserts 142:155 Tunisian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-products: Characterization and potential effects on sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts. 26041157 7 45 theme novel 1172:1176 arg1 products 1184:1191 novel dairy products 1172:1191 novel dairy products with high nutritional-properties 1172:1224 Therefore, they could be valued as natural ingredients in the formulation of novel dairy products with high nutritional-properties. 26041157 3 46 theme color 582:586 arg1 evaluation 588:597 color evaluation 582:597 color evaluation 582:597 Sensory and color evaluation data revealed that incorporating Deglet Nour and Kentichi syrup offers the most desirable formulation. 26041157 4 47 theme syrup 715:719 arg1 polysaccharides 721:735 syrup polysaccharides 715:735 syrup polysaccharides 715:735 Furthermore, syrup polysaccharides and fibers contribute to better maintain the final product texture. 26041157 3 48 theme desirable 679:687 arg1 formulation 689:699 the most desirable formulation 670:699 the most desirable formulation 670:699 Sensory and color evaluation data revealed that incorporating Deglet Nour and Kentichi syrup offers the most desirable formulation. 26041157 0 49 dep Phoenix 15:21 arg1 L. 35:36 Phoenix dactylifera L. 15:36 Phoenix dactylifera L. 15:36 Tunisian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-products: Characterization and potential effects on sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts. 26041157 0 50 theme desserts 148:155 arg1 properties 128:137 sensory, textural and antioxidant properties 94:137 sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts 94:155 Tunisian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-products: Characterization and potential effects on sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts. 26041157 0 51 from effects 83:89 arg1 properties 128:137 sensory, textural and antioxidant properties 94:137 sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts 94:155 Tunisian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-products: Characterization and potential effects on sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts. 26041157 2 52 theme Different 352:360 arg1 proportions 362:372 Different proportions 352:372 Different proportions of these sweetening-like agents 352:404 Different proportions of these sweetening-like agents were incorporated to produce nine different formulations of dairy desserts, with lower amount of added sugars to avoid any artificial flavoring or coloring agents. 26041157 5 53 theme agents 878:883 arg1 source 849:854 a good source 842:854 a good source 842:854 In addition, date by-products create a good source of natural thickening agents, involved in enhancing apparent viscosity and spontaneous exudation. 26041157 6 54 theme antioxidant 1044:1054 arg1 activities 1056:1065 antioxidant activities 1044:1065 antioxidant activities of the formulated desserts 1044:1092 Thanks to their high content in phenolic compounds, date by-products considerably improve antioxidant activities of the formulated desserts. 26041157 5 55 theme date 818:821 arg1 by-products 823:833 date by-products 818:833 date by-products 818:833 In addition, date by-products create a good source of natural thickening agents, involved in enhancing apparent viscosity and spontaneous exudation. 24793067 0 0 theme long-term 88:96 arg1 exposure 98:105 long-term exposure 88:105 long-term exposure to elevated levels of copper 88:134 Growth and metal removal potential of a Phormidium bigranulatum-dominated mat following long-term exposure to elevated levels of copper. 24793067 5 1 theme chlorophyll 701:711 arg1 a 713:713 chlorophyll a 701:713 chlorophyll a 701:713 Metal enrichment did not substantially alter the amount of pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and phycocyanin, in the mat. 24793067 9 2 dep 100 1190:1192 arg1 to 1187:1188 to 1187:1188 to 1187:1188 The mat successfully removed 80 to 94 % Cu(2+) from the growth medium containing 10 to 100 μM Cu(2+). 24793067 1 3 theme long-term 257:265 arg1 exposure 267:274 long-term exposure 257:274 long-term exposure to Cu(2+)-enriched medium 257:300 The present study explores the tolerance and metal removal response of a well-developed 2-week-old Phormidium mat after long-term exposure to Cu(2+)-enriched medium. 24793067 4 4 from effect 565:570 arg1 performance 600:610 photosynthetic performance 585:610 photosynthetic performance of the mat 585:621 Decrease in number of air bubbles obviously reflects the adverse effect of Cu(2+) on photosynthetic performance of the mat. 24793067 10 5 theme mat 1265:1267 arg1 community 1269:1277 the mat community 1261:1277 the mat community 1261:1277 Extracellular polysaccharides, whose share increased in the mat community after metal addition, seem to have contributed substantially to metal binding by the mat biomass. 24793067 9 6 dep % 1141:1141 arg1 94 1138:1139 94 1138:1139 94 1138:1139 The mat successfully removed 80 to 94 % Cu(2+) from the growth medium containing 10 to 100 μM Cu(2+). 24793067 7 7 theme taxa 1004:1007 arg1 share 959:963 Relative share 950:963 Relative share of green algae and some cyanobacterial taxa, namely, Lyngbya sp 950:1027 Relative share of green algae and some cyanobacterial taxa, namely, Lyngbya sp. 24793067 4 8 theme adverse 557:563 arg1 effect 565:570 the adverse effect 553:570 the adverse effect of Cu(2+) on photosynthetic performance of the mat 553:621 Decrease in number of air bubbles obviously reflects the adverse effect of Cu(2+) on photosynthetic performance of the mat. 24793067 8 9 theme Oscillatoria 1034:1045 arg1 tenuis 1047:1052 Oscillatoria tenuis 1034:1052 Oscillatoria tenuis 1034:1052 and Oscillatoria tenuis, in the mat were increased by Cu(2+) enrichment. 24793067 6 10 theme concentration 795:807 arg1 Enhancement 773:783 Enhancement 773:783 Enhancement of Cu(2+) concentration in the medium 773:821 Enhancement of Cu(2+) concentration in the medium led to changes in species composition of the test mat; however, Phormidium bigranulatum always remained the dominant organism. 24793067 6 11 theme mat 873:875 arg1 composition 849:859 species composition 841:859 species composition of the test mat 841:875 Enhancement of Cu(2+) concentration in the medium led to changes in species composition of the test mat; however, Phormidium bigranulatum always remained the dominant organism. 24793067 5 12 theme pigments 683:690 arg1 b 728:728 chlorophyll b 716:728 chlorophyll b 716:728 Metal enrichment did not substantially alter the amount of pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and phycocyanin, in the mat. 24793067 5 12 theme pigments 683:690 arg1 carotenoids 731:741 carotenoids 731:741 carotenoids 731:741 Metal enrichment did not substantially alter the amount of pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and phycocyanin, in the mat. 24793067 5 12 theme pigments 683:690 arg1 a 713:713 chlorophyll a 701:713 chlorophyll a 701:713 Metal enrichment did not substantially alter the amount of pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and phycocyanin, in the mat. 24793067 5 12 theme pigments 683:690 arg1 amount 673:678 the amount 669:678 the amount of pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and phycocyanin, in the mat 669:770 Metal enrichment did not substantially alter the amount of pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and phycocyanin, in the mat. 24793067 5 12 theme pigments 683:690 arg1 phycocyanin 748:758 phycocyanin 748:758 phycocyanin 748:758 Metal enrichment did not substantially alter the amount of pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and phycocyanin, in the mat. 24793067 5 12 theme pigments 683:690 arg1 pigments 683:690 pigments 683:690 pigments 683:690 Metal enrichment did not substantially alter the amount of pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and phycocyanin, in the mat. 24793067 4 13 theme mat 619:621 arg1 performance 600:610 photosynthetic performance 585:610 photosynthetic performance of the mat 585:621 Decrease in number of air bubbles obviously reflects the adverse effect of Cu(2+) on photosynthetic performance of the mat. 24793067 0 14 theme elevated 110:117 arg1 levels 119:124 elevated levels 110:124 elevated levels of copper 110:134 Growth and metal removal potential of a Phormidium bigranulatum-dominated mat following long-term exposure to elevated levels of copper. 24793067 6 15 theme 2+ 791:792 arg1 concentration 795:807 Cu(2+) concentration 788:807 Cu(2+) concentration 788:807 Enhancement of Cu(2+) concentration in the medium led to changes in species composition of the test mat; however, Phormidium bigranulatum always remained the dominant organism. 24793067 7 16 theme cyanobacterial 989:1002 arg1 taxa 1004:1007 some cyanobacterial taxa 984:1007 some cyanobacterial taxa 984:1007 Relative share of green algae and some cyanobacterial taxa, namely, Lyngbya sp. 24793067 10 17 theme metal 1285:1289 arg1 addition 1291:1298 metal addition 1285:1298 metal addition 1285:1298 Extracellular polysaccharides, whose share increased in the mat community after metal addition, seem to have contributed substantially to metal binding by the mat biomass. 24793067 2 18 theme concentration-dependent 360:382 arg1 manner 384:389 a concentration-dependent manner 358:389 a concentration-dependent manner 358:389 Cu(2+) enrichment inhibited increase in mat biomass in a concentration-dependent manner. 24793067 6 19 from Enhancement 773:783 arg1 medium 816:821 the medium 812:821 the medium 812:821 Enhancement of Cu(2+) concentration in the medium led to changes in species composition of the test mat; however, Phormidium bigranulatum always remained the dominant organism. 24793067 4 20 theme air 522:524 arg1 bubbles 526:532 air bubbles 522:532 air bubbles 522:532 Decrease in number of air bubbles obviously reflects the adverse effect of Cu(2+) on photosynthetic performance of the mat. 24793067 7 21 theme algae 974:978 arg1 share 959:963 Relative share 950:963 Relative share of green algae and some cyanobacterial taxa, namely, Lyngbya sp 950:1027 Relative share of green algae and some cyanobacterial taxa, namely, Lyngbya sp. 24793067 2 22 from increase 331:338 arg1 biomass 347:353 mat biomass 343:353 mat biomass 343:353 Cu(2+) enrichment inhibited increase in mat biomass in a concentration-dependent manner. 24793067 1 23 theme metal 182:186 arg1 response 196:203 metal removal response 182:203 metal removal response 182:203 The present study explores the tolerance and metal removal response of a well-developed 2-week-old Phormidium mat after long-term exposure to Cu(2+)-enriched medium. 24793067 6 24 theme test 868:871 arg1 mat 873:875 the test mat 864:875 the test mat 864:875 Enhancement of Cu(2+) concentration in the medium led to changes in species composition of the test mat; however, Phormidium bigranulatum always remained the dominant organism. 24793067 10 25 theme Extracellular 1205:1217 arg1 polysaccharides 1219:1233 Extracellular polysaccharides 1205:1233 Extracellular polysaccharides 1205:1233 Extracellular polysaccharides, whose share increased in the mat community after metal addition, seem to have contributed substantially to metal binding by the mat biomass. 24793067 2 26 theme Cu 303:304 arg1 enrichment 310:319 Cu(2+) enrichment 303:319 Cu(2+) enrichment 303:319 Cu(2+) enrichment inhibited increase in mat biomass in a concentration-dependent manner. 24793067 1 27 theme removal 188:194 arg1 response 196:203 metal removal response 182:203 metal removal response 182:203 The present study explores the tolerance and metal removal response of a well-developed 2-week-old Phormidium mat after long-term exposure to Cu(2+)-enriched medium. 24793067 0 28 theme removal 17:23 arg1 potential 25:33 metal removal potential 11:33 metal removal potential 11:33 Growth and metal removal potential of a Phormidium bigranulatum-dominated mat following long-term exposure to elevated levels of copper. 24793067 9 29 theme growth 1159:1164 arg1 medium 1166:1171 the growth medium 1155:1171 the growth medium containing 10 to 100 μM Cu(2+) 1155:1202 The mat successfully removed 80 to 94 % Cu(2+) from the growth medium containing 10 to 100 μM Cu(2+). 24793067 0 30 theme copper 129:134 arg1 levels 119:124 elevated levels 110:124 elevated levels of copper 110:134 Growth and metal removal potential of a Phormidium bigranulatum-dominated mat following long-term exposure to elevated levels of copper. 24793067 6 31 theme dominant 931:938 arg1 organism 940:947 the dominant organism 927:947 the dominant organism 927:947 Enhancement of Cu(2+) concentration in the medium led to changes in species composition of the test mat; however, Phormidium bigranulatum always remained the dominant organism. 24793067 0 32 theme metal 11:15 arg1 potential 25:33 metal removal potential 11:33 metal removal potential 11:33 Growth and metal removal potential of a Phormidium bigranulatum-dominated mat following long-term exposure to elevated levels of copper. 24793067 4 33 theme bubbles 526:532 arg1 number 512:517 number 512:517 number of air bubbles 512:532 Decrease in number of air bubbles obviously reflects the adverse effect of Cu(2+) on photosynthetic performance of the mat. 24793067 7 34 theme green 968:972 arg1 algae 974:978 green algae 968:978 green algae 968:978 Relative share of green algae and some cyanobacterial taxa, namely, Lyngbya sp. 24793067 6 35 theme Cu 788:789 arg1 concentration 795:807 Cu(2+) concentration 788:807 Cu(2+) concentration 788:807 Enhancement of Cu(2+) concentration in the medium led to changes in species composition of the test mat; however, Phormidium bigranulatum always remained the dominant organism. 24793067 8 36 theme Cu 1084:1085 arg1 enrichment 1091:1100 Cu(2+) enrichment 1084:1100 Cu(2+) enrichment 1084:1100 and Oscillatoria tenuis, in the mat were increased by Cu(2+) enrichment. 24793067 1 37 theme -enriched 285:293 arg1 medium 295:300 Cu(2+)-enriched medium 279:300 Cu(2+)-enriched medium 279:300 The present study explores the tolerance and metal removal response of a well-developed 2-week-old Phormidium mat after long-term exposure to Cu(2+)-enriched medium. 24793067 7 38 theme Relative 950:957 arg1 share 959:963 Relative share 950:963 Relative share of green algae and some cyanobacterial taxa, namely, Lyngbya sp 950:1027 Relative share of green algae and some cyanobacterial taxa, namely, Lyngbya sp. 24793067 4 39 theme photosynthetic 585:598 arg1 performance 600:610 photosynthetic performance 585:610 photosynthetic performance of the mat 585:621 Decrease in number of air bubbles obviously reflects the adverse effect of Cu(2+) on photosynthetic performance of the mat. 24793067 3 40 theme air 429:431 arg1 bubbles 433:439 entrapped air bubbles 419:439 entrapped air bubbles 419:439 Mat area and the number of entrapped air bubbles decreased as Cu(2+) concentration increased in the medium. 24793067 4 41 from Decrease 500:507 arg1 number 512:517 number 512:517 number of air bubbles 512:532 Decrease in number of air bubbles obviously reflects the adverse effect of Cu(2+) on photosynthetic performance of the mat. 24793067 6 42 theme species 841:847 arg1 composition 849:859 species composition 841:859 species composition of the test mat 841:875 Enhancement of Cu(2+) concentration in the medium led to changes in species composition of the test mat; however, Phormidium bigranulatum always remained the dominant organism. 24793067 5 43 theme chlorophyll 716:726 arg1 b 728:728 chlorophyll b 716:728 chlorophyll b 716:728 Metal enrichment did not substantially alter the amount of pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and phycocyanin, in the mat. 24793067 5 44 from amount 673:678 arg1 mat 768:770 the mat 764:770 the mat 764:770 Metal enrichment did not substantially alter the amount of pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and phycocyanin, in the mat. 24793067 9 45 contain containing 1173:1182 arg1 medium 1166:1171 the growth medium 1155:1171 the growth medium containing 10 to 100 μM Cu(2+) 1155:1202 The mat successfully removed 80 to 94 % Cu(2+) from the growth medium containing 10 to 100 μM Cu(2+). 24793067 9 45 contain containing 1173:1182 arg2 Cu 1197:1198 10 to 100 μM Cu 1184:1198 10 to 100 μM Cu(2+) 1184:1202 The mat successfully removed 80 to 94 % Cu(2+) from the growth medium containing 10 to 100 μM Cu(2+). 24793067 9 45 contain containing 1173:1182 arg2 2+ 1200:1201 2+ 1200:1201 2+ 1200:1201 The mat successfully removed 80 to 94 % Cu(2+) from the growth medium containing 10 to 100 μM Cu(2+). 24793067 1 46 theme well-developed 210:223 arg1 mat 247:249 a well-developed 2-week-old Phormidium mat 208:249 a well-developed 2-week-old Phormidium mat 208:249 The present study explores the tolerance and metal removal response of a well-developed 2-week-old Phormidium mat after long-term exposure to Cu(2+)-enriched medium. 24793067 0 47 theme Phormidium 40:49 arg1 Growth 0:5 Growth 0:5 Growth 0:5 Growth and metal removal potential of a Phormidium bigranulatum-dominated mat following long-term exposure to elevated levels of copper. 24793067 0 47 theme Phormidium 40:49 arg1 potential 25:33 metal removal potential 11:33 metal removal potential 11:33 Growth and metal removal potential of a Phormidium bigranulatum-dominated mat following long-term exposure to elevated levels of copper. 24793067 6 48 from changes 830:836 arg1 composition 849:859 species composition 841:859 species composition of the test mat 841:875 Enhancement of Cu(2+) concentration in the medium led to changes in species composition of the test mat; however, Phormidium bigranulatum always remained the dominant organism. 24793067 9 49 dep Cu 1143:1144 arg1 % 1141:1141 % 1141:1141 % 1141:1141 The mat successfully removed 80 to 94 % Cu(2+) from the growth medium containing 10 to 100 μM Cu(2+). 24793067 1 50 dep tolerance 168:176 arg1 the 164:166 the 164:166 the 164:166 The present study explores the tolerance and metal removal response of a well-developed 2-week-old Phormidium mat after long-term exposure to Cu(2+)-enriched medium. 24793067 3 51 theme Mat 392:394 arg1 area 396:399 Mat area 392:399 Mat area 392:399 Mat area and the number of entrapped air bubbles decreased as Cu(2+) concentration increased in the medium. 24793067 5 52 theme Metal 624:628 arg1 enrichment 630:639 Metal enrichment 624:639 Metal enrichment 624:639 Metal enrichment did not substantially alter the amount of pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and phycocyanin, in the mat. 24793067 10 53 theme metal 1343:1347 arg1 binding 1349:1355 metal binding 1343:1355 metal binding 1343:1355 Extracellular polysaccharides, whose share increased in the mat community after metal addition, seem to have contributed substantially to metal binding by the mat biomass. 24793067 9 54 theme μM 1194:1195 arg1 2+ 1200:1201 2+ 1200:1201 2+ 1200:1201 The mat successfully removed 80 to 94 % Cu(2+) from the growth medium containing 10 to 100 μM Cu(2+). 24793067 9 54 theme μM 1194:1195 arg1 Cu 1197:1198 10 to 100 μM Cu 1184:1198 10 to 100 μM Cu(2+) 1184:1202 The mat successfully removed 80 to 94 % Cu(2+) from the growth medium containing 10 to 100 μM Cu(2+). 24793067 9 55 dep 94 1138:1139 arg1 to 1135:1136 to 1135:1136 to 1135:1136 The mat successfully removed 80 to 94 % Cu(2+) from the growth medium containing 10 to 100 μM Cu(2+). 24793067 7 56 theme sp 1026:1027 arg1 share 959:963 Relative share 950:963 Relative share of green algae and some cyanobacterial taxa, namely, Lyngbya sp 950:1027 Relative share of green algae and some cyanobacterial taxa, namely, Lyngbya sp. 24793067 3 57 theme Cu 454:455 arg1 concentration 461:473 Cu(2+) concentration 454:473 Cu(2+) concentration 454:473 Mat area and the number of entrapped air bubbles decreased as Cu(2+) concentration increased in the medium. 24793067 10 58 theme mat 1364:1366 arg1 biomass 1368:1374 the mat biomass 1360:1374 the mat biomass 1360:1374 Extracellular polysaccharides, whose share increased in the mat community after metal addition, seem to have contributed substantially to metal binding by the mat biomass. 24793067 1 59 theme 2-week-old 225:234 arg1 mat 247:249 a well-developed 2-week-old Phormidium mat 208:249 a well-developed 2-week-old Phormidium mat 208:249 The present study explores the tolerance and metal removal response of a well-developed 2-week-old Phormidium mat after long-term exposure to Cu(2+)-enriched medium. 24793067 8 60 from tenuis 1047:1052 arg1 mat 1062:1064 the mat 1058:1064 the mat 1058:1064 and Oscillatoria tenuis, in the mat were increased by Cu(2+) enrichment. 24793067 1 61 theme Phormidium 236:245 arg1 mat 247:249 a well-developed 2-week-old Phormidium mat 208:249 a well-developed 2-week-old Phormidium mat 208:249 The present study explores the tolerance and metal removal response of a well-developed 2-week-old Phormidium mat after long-term exposure to Cu(2+)-enriched medium. 24793067 3 62 theme bubbles 433:439 arg1 area 396:399 Mat area 392:399 Mat area 392:399 Mat area and the number of entrapped air bubbles decreased as Cu(2+) concentration increased in the medium. 24793067 3 62 theme bubbles 433:439 arg1 number 409:414 the number 405:414 the number of entrapped air bubbles 405:439 Mat area and the number of entrapped air bubbles decreased as Cu(2+) concentration increased in the medium. 24793067 1 63 theme present 141:147 arg1 study 149:153 The present study 137:153 The present study 137:153 The present study explores the tolerance and metal removal response of a well-developed 2-week-old Phormidium mat after long-term exposure to Cu(2+)-enriched medium. 24793067 3 64 theme entrapped 419:427 arg1 bubbles 433:439 entrapped air bubbles 419:439 entrapped air bubbles 419:439 Mat area and the number of entrapped air bubbles decreased as Cu(2+) concentration increased in the medium. 24793067 1 65 theme mat 247:249 arg1 tolerance 168:176 tolerance 168:176 tolerance 168:176 The present study explores the tolerance and metal removal response of a well-developed 2-week-old Phormidium mat after long-term exposure to Cu(2+)-enriched medium. 24793067 1 65 theme mat 247:249 arg1 response 196:203 metal removal response 182:203 metal removal response 182:203 The present study explores the tolerance and metal removal response of a well-developed 2-week-old Phormidium mat after long-term exposure to Cu(2+)-enriched medium. 24793067 7 66 theme Lyngbya 1018:1024 arg1 sp 1026:1027 Lyngbya sp 1018:1027 Lyngbya sp 1018:1027 Relative share of green algae and some cyanobacterial taxa, namely, Lyngbya sp. 24793067 6 67 theme Phormidium 887:896 arg1 bigranulatum 898:909 Phormidium bigranulatum 887:909 Phormidium bigranulatum 887:909 Enhancement of Cu(2+) concentration in the medium led to changes in species composition of the test mat; however, Phormidium bigranulatum always remained the dominant organism. 24793067 2 68 theme mat 343:345 arg1 biomass 347:353 mat biomass 343:353 mat biomass 343:353 Cu(2+) enrichment inhibited increase in mat biomass in a concentration-dependent manner. 24793067 4 69 theme Cu 575:576 arg1 effect 565:570 the adverse effect 553:570 the adverse effect of Cu(2+) on photosynthetic performance of the mat 553:621 Decrease in number of air bubbles obviously reflects the adverse effect of Cu(2+) on photosynthetic performance of the mat. 28859575 2 0 theme toluene 520:526 arg1 degradation 505:515 the degradation 501:515 the degradation of toluene 501:526 The maximum cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of 80.1% was observed during the degradation of toluene. 28859575 6 1 theme aromatic 992:999 arg1 hydrocarbons 1001:1012 heterocyclic and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 964:1012 heterocyclic and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 964:1012 A significant variation in cell surface characteristics was observed in multi-substrate systems involving heterocyclic and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 28859575 1 2 from variation 203:211 arg1 characteristics 224:238 surface characteristics 216:238 surface characteristics 216:238 The variation in surface characteristics and the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial cells during biodegradation of single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons was investigated in the present study. 28859575 1 2 from variation 203:211 arg1 composition 248:258 the composition 244:258 the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial cells during biodegradation of single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons 244:385 The variation in surface characteristics and the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial cells during biodegradation of single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons was investigated in the present study. 28859575 7 3 theme multi-substrate 1127:1141 arg1 system 1143:1148 multi-substrate system 1127:1148 multi-substrate system involving benzothiophene, benzofuran, benzene and toluene 1127:1206 An increase in EPS production (62.89 mg/g) did not facilitate enhanced degradation of hydrophobic substrates in multi-substrate system involving benzothiophene, benzofuran, benzene and toluene. 28859575 5 4 theme EPS 825:827 arg1 fraction 813:820 the major fraction 803:820 the major fraction of EPS 803:827 Carbohydrates constituted the major fraction of EPS in the presence of pyridine. 28859575 6 5 theme monocyclic 981:990 arg1 hydrocarbons 1001:1012 heterocyclic and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 964:1012 heterocyclic and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 964:1012 A significant variation in cell surface characteristics was observed in multi-substrate systems involving heterocyclic and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 28859575 8 6 located observed 1353:1360 arg2 increase 1304:1311 a significant increase 1290:1311 a significant increase in concentration of polysaccharides 1290:1347 Under toxic conditions, especially at higher concentration of target pollutants, a significant increase in concentration of polysaccharides was observed compared to proteins. 28859575 8 6 located observed 1353:1360 arg1 concentration 1254:1266 higher concentration 1247:1266 higher concentration of target pollutants 1247:1287 Under toxic conditions, especially at higher concentration of target pollutants, a significant increase in concentration of polysaccharides was observed compared to proteins. 28859575 6 7 theme significant 860:870 arg1 variation 872:880 A significant variation 858:880 A significant variation in cell surface characteristics 858:912 A significant variation in cell surface characteristics was observed in multi-substrate systems involving heterocyclic and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 28859575 0 8 theme monocyclic 110:119 arg1 hydrocarbons 147:158 monocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 110:158 monocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 110:158 Variation in cell surface characteristics and extracellular polymeric substances during the biodegradation of monocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in single and multi-substrate systems. 28859575 0 9 from Variation 0:8 arg1 substances 70:79 extracellular polymeric substances 46:79 extracellular polymeric substances 46:79 Variation in cell surface characteristics and extracellular polymeric substances during the biodegradation of monocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in single and multi-substrate systems. 28859575 0 9 from Variation 0:8 arg1 characteristics 26:40 cell surface characteristics 13:40 cell surface characteristics 13:40 Variation in cell surface characteristics and extracellular polymeric substances during the biodegradation of monocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in single and multi-substrate systems. 28859575 6 10 theme heterocyclic 964:975 arg1 hydrocarbons 1001:1012 heterocyclic and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 964:1012 heterocyclic and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 964:1012 A significant variation in cell surface characteristics was observed in multi-substrate systems involving heterocyclic and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 28859575 7 11 theme EPS 1030:1032 arg1 production 1034:1043 EPS production 1030:1043 EPS production (62.89 mg/g) 1030:1056 An increase in EPS production (62.89 mg/g) did not facilitate enhanced degradation of hydrophobic substrates in multi-substrate system involving benzothiophene, benzofuran, benzene and toluene. 28859575 7 11 theme EPS 1030:1032 arg1 62.89 mg/g 1046:1055 62.89 mg/g 1046:1055 62.89 mg/g 1046:1055 An increase in EPS production (62.89 mg/g) did not facilitate enhanced degradation of hydrophobic substrates in multi-substrate system involving benzothiophene, benzofuran, benzene and toluene. 28859575 0 12 theme heterocyclic 125:136 arg1 hydrocarbons 147:158 monocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 110:158 monocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 110:158 Variation in cell surface characteristics and extracellular polymeric substances during the biodegradation of monocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in single and multi-substrate systems. 28859575 1 13 theme present 411:417 arg1 study 419:423 the present study 407:423 the present study 407:423 The variation in surface characteristics and the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial cells during biodegradation of single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons was investigated in the present study. 28859575 8 14 theme pollutants 1278:1287 arg1 concentration 1254:1266 higher concentration 1247:1266 higher concentration of target pollutants 1247:1287 Under toxic conditions, especially at higher concentration of target pollutants, a significant increase in concentration of polysaccharides was observed compared to proteins. 28859575 7 15 from degradation 1086:1096 arg1 system 1143:1148 multi-substrate system 1127:1148 multi-substrate system involving benzothiophene, benzofuran, benzene and toluene 1127:1206 An increase in EPS production (62.89 mg/g) did not facilitate enhanced degradation of hydrophobic substrates in multi-substrate system involving benzothiophene, benzofuran, benzene and toluene. 28859575 3 16 theme surface 568:574 arg1 charge 576:581 more negative surface charge 554:581 more negative surface charge 554:581 Bacterial cells acquired more negative surface charge with an increase in CSH and vice versa. 28859575 4 17 theme toluene 707:713 arg1 biodegradation 677:690 biodegradation 677:690 biodegradation of benzene and toluene with protein/carbohydrate ratio varying between 2.19 and 3.1 677:774 Proteins constituted the major fraction of EPS during biodegradation of benzene and toluene with protein/carbohydrate ratio varying between 2.19 and 3.1. 28859575 2 18 theme surface 443:449 arg1 CSH 467:469 CSH 467:469 CSH 467:469 The maximum cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of 80.1% was observed during the degradation of toluene. 28859575 2 18 theme surface 443:449 arg1 hydrophobicity 451:464 The maximum cell surface hydrophobicity 426:464 The maximum cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of 80.1% 426:479 The maximum cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of 80.1% was observed during the degradation of toluene. 28859575 8 19 theme target 1271:1276 arg1 pollutants 1278:1287 target pollutants 1271:1287 target pollutants 1271:1287 Under toxic conditions, especially at higher concentration of target pollutants, a significant increase in concentration of polysaccharides was observed compared to proteins. 28859575 2 20 theme cell 438:441 arg1 CSH 467:469 CSH 467:469 CSH 467:469 The maximum cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of 80.1% was observed during the degradation of toluene. 28859575 2 20 theme cell 438:441 arg1 hydrophobicity 451:464 The maximum cell surface hydrophobicity 426:464 The maximum cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of 80.1% 426:479 The maximum cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of 80.1% was observed during the degradation of toluene. 28859575 5 21 theme pyridine 848:855 arg1 presence 836:843 the presence 832:843 the presence of pyridine 832:855 Carbohydrates constituted the major fraction of EPS in the presence of pyridine. 28859575 6 22 theme multi-substrate 930:944 arg1 systems 946:952 multi-substrate systems 930:952 multi-substrate systems involving heterocyclic and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 930:1012 A significant variation in cell surface characteristics was observed in multi-substrate systems involving heterocyclic and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 28859575 2 23 theme maximum 430:436 arg1 CSH 467:469 CSH 467:469 CSH 467:469 The maximum cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of 80.1% was observed during the degradation of toluene. 28859575 2 23 theme maximum 430:436 arg1 hydrophobicity 451:464 The maximum cell surface hydrophobicity 426:464 The maximum cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of 80.1% 426:479 The maximum cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of 80.1% was observed during the degradation of toluene. 28859575 2 24 theme % 479:479 arg1 CSH 467:469 CSH 467:469 CSH 467:469 The maximum cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of 80.1% was observed during the degradation of toluene. 28859575 2 24 theme % 479:479 arg1 hydrophobicity 451:464 The maximum cell surface hydrophobicity 426:464 The maximum cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of 80.1% 426:479 The maximum cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of 80.1% was observed during the degradation of toluene. 28859575 1 25 theme bacterial 307:315 arg1 cells 317:321 bacterial cells 307:321 bacterial cells 307:321 The variation in surface characteristics and the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial cells during biodegradation of single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons was investigated in the present study. 28859575 6 26 theme surface 890:896 arg1 characteristics 898:912 cell surface characteristics 885:912 cell surface characteristics 885:912 A significant variation in cell surface characteristics was observed in multi-substrate systems involving heterocyclic and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 28859575 8 27 theme higher 1247:1252 arg1 concentration 1254:1266 higher concentration 1247:1266 higher concentration of target pollutants 1247:1287 Under toxic conditions, especially at higher concentration of target pollutants, a significant increase in concentration of polysaccharides was observed compared to proteins. 28859575 1 28 theme surface 216:222 arg1 characteristics 224:238 surface characteristics 216:238 surface characteristics 216:238 The variation in surface characteristics and the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial cells during biodegradation of single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons was investigated in the present study. 28859575 0 29 theme surface 18:24 arg1 characteristics 26:40 cell surface characteristics 13:40 cell surface characteristics 13:40 Variation in cell surface characteristics and extracellular polymeric substances during the biodegradation of monocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in single and multi-substrate systems. 28859575 1 30 theme cells 317:321 arg1 EPS 299:301 EPS 299:301 EPS 299:301 The variation in surface characteristics and the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial cells during biodegradation of single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons was investigated in the present study. 28859575 1 30 theme cells 317:321 arg1 substances 287:296 extracellular polymeric substances 263:296 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial cells 263:321 The variation in surface characteristics and the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial cells during biodegradation of single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons was investigated in the present study. 28859575 0 31 theme hydrocarbons 147:158 arg1 biodegradation 92:105 the biodegradation 88:105 the biodegradation of monocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in single and multi-substrate systems 88:196 Variation in cell surface characteristics and extracellular polymeric substances during the biodegradation of monocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in single and multi-substrate systems. 28859575 4 32 theme EPS 666:668 arg1 fraction 654:661 the major fraction 644:661 the major fraction of EPS 644:668 Proteins constituted the major fraction of EPS during biodegradation of benzene and toluene with protein/carbohydrate ratio varying between 2.19 and 3.1. 28859575 0 33 theme cell 13:16 arg1 characteristics 26:40 cell surface characteristics 13:40 cell surface characteristics 13:40 Variation in cell surface characteristics and extracellular polymeric substances during the biodegradation of monocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in single and multi-substrate systems. 28859575 0 34 theme aromatic 138:145 arg1 hydrocarbons 147:158 monocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 110:158 monocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 110:158 Variation in cell surface characteristics and extracellular polymeric substances during the biodegradation of monocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in single and multi-substrate systems. 28859575 0 35 from biodegradation 92:105 arg1 systems 190:196 single and multi-substrate systems 163:196 single and multi-substrate systems 163:196 Variation in cell surface characteristics and extracellular polymeric substances during the biodegradation of monocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in single and multi-substrate systems. 28859575 6 36 located observed 918:925 arg2 variation 872:880 A significant variation 858:880 A significant variation in cell surface characteristics 858:912 A significant variation in cell surface characteristics was observed in multi-substrate systems involving heterocyclic and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 28859575 6 36 located observed 918:925 arg1 systems 946:952 multi-substrate systems 930:952 multi-substrate systems involving heterocyclic and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 930:1012 A significant variation in cell surface characteristics was observed in multi-substrate systems involving heterocyclic and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 28859575 0 37 theme single 163:168 arg1 systems 190:196 single and multi-substrate systems 163:196 single and multi-substrate systems 163:196 Variation in cell surface characteristics and extracellular polymeric substances during the biodegradation of monocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in single and multi-substrate systems. 28859575 8 38 theme significant 1292:1302 arg1 increase 1304:1311 a significant increase 1290:1311 a significant increase in concentration of polysaccharides 1290:1347 Under toxic conditions, especially at higher concentration of target pollutants, a significant increase in concentration of polysaccharides was observed compared to proteins. 28859575 4 39 theme benzene 695:701 arg1 biodegradation 677:690 biodegradation 677:690 biodegradation of benzene and toluene with protein/carbohydrate ratio varying between 2.19 and 3.1 677:774 Proteins constituted the major fraction of EPS during biodegradation of benzene and toluene with protein/carbohydrate ratio varying between 2.19 and 3.1. 28859575 6 40 from variation 872:880 arg1 characteristics 898:912 cell surface characteristics 885:912 cell surface characteristics 885:912 A significant variation in cell surface characteristics was observed in multi-substrate systems involving heterocyclic and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 28859575 0 41 theme polymeric 60:68 arg1 substances 70:79 extracellular polymeric substances 46:79 extracellular polymeric substances 46:79 Variation in cell surface characteristics and extracellular polymeric substances during the biodegradation of monocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in single and multi-substrate systems. 28859575 1 42 theme single 348:353 arg1 hydrocarbons 374:385 single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons 348:385 single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons 348:385 The variation in surface characteristics and the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial cells during biodegradation of single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons was investigated in the present study. 28859575 0 43 theme multi-substrate 174:188 arg1 systems 190:196 single and multi-substrate systems 163:196 single and multi-substrate systems 163:196 Variation in cell surface characteristics and extracellular polymeric substances during the biodegradation of monocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in single and multi-substrate systems. 28859575 7 44 theme hydrophobic 1101:1111 arg1 substrates 1113:1122 hydrophobic substrates 1101:1122 hydrophobic substrates 1101:1122 An increase in EPS production (62.89 mg/g) did not facilitate enhanced degradation of hydrophobic substrates in multi-substrate system involving benzothiophene, benzofuran, benzene and toluene. 28859575 0 45 theme extracellular 46:58 arg1 substances 70:79 extracellular polymeric substances 46:79 extracellular polymeric substances 46:79 Variation in cell surface characteristics and extracellular polymeric substances during the biodegradation of monocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in single and multi-substrate systems. 28859575 8 46 from increase 1304:1311 arg1 concentration 1316:1328 concentration 1316:1328 concentration of polysaccharides 1316:1347 Under toxic conditions, especially at higher concentration of target pollutants, a significant increase in concentration of polysaccharides was observed compared to proteins. 28859575 4 47 with biodegradation 677:690 arg1 ratio 741:745 protein/carbohydrate ratio 720:745 protein/carbohydrate ratio varying between 2.19 and 3.1 720:774 Proteins constituted the major fraction of EPS during biodegradation of benzene and toluene with protein/carbohydrate ratio varying between 2.19 and 3.1. 28859575 7 48 theme enhanced 1077:1084 arg1 degradation 1086:1096 enhanced degradation 1077:1096 enhanced degradation of hydrophobic substrates in multi-substrate system involving benzothiophene, benzofuran, benzene and toluene 1077:1206 An increase in EPS production (62.89 mg/g) did not facilitate enhanced degradation of hydrophobic substrates in multi-substrate system involving benzothiophene, benzofuran, benzene and toluene. 28859575 3 49 theme Bacterial 529:537 arg1 cells 539:543 Bacterial cells 529:543 Bacterial cells 529:543 Bacterial cells acquired more negative surface charge with an increase in CSH and vice versa. 28859575 3 50 from increase 591:598 arg1 CSH 603:605 CSH 603:605 CSH 603:605 Bacterial cells acquired more negative surface charge with an increase in CSH and vice versa. 28859575 3 50 from increase 591:598 arg1 versa 616:620 versa 616:620 versa 616:620 Bacterial cells acquired more negative surface charge with an increase in CSH and vice versa. 28859575 1 51 theme multi-aromatic 359:372 arg1 hydrocarbons 374:385 single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons 348:385 single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons 348:385 The variation in surface characteristics and the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial cells during biodegradation of single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons was investigated in the present study. 28859575 7 52 theme substrates 1113:1122 arg1 degradation 1086:1096 enhanced degradation 1077:1096 enhanced degradation of hydrophobic substrates in multi-substrate system involving benzothiophene, benzofuran, benzene and toluene 1077:1206 An increase in EPS production (62.89 mg/g) did not facilitate enhanced degradation of hydrophobic substrates in multi-substrate system involving benzothiophene, benzofuran, benzene and toluene. 28859575 6 53 theme cell 885:888 arg1 characteristics 898:912 cell surface characteristics 885:912 cell surface characteristics 885:912 A significant variation in cell surface characteristics was observed in multi-substrate systems involving heterocyclic and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 28859575 7 54 from increase 1018:1025 arg1 production 1034:1043 EPS production 1030:1043 EPS production (62.89 mg/g) 1030:1056 An increase in EPS production (62.89 mg/g) did not facilitate enhanced degradation of hydrophobic substrates in multi-substrate system involving benzothiophene, benzofuran, benzene and toluene. 28859575 7 54 from increase 1018:1025 arg1 62.89 mg/g 1046:1055 62.89 mg/g 1046:1055 62.89 mg/g 1046:1055 An increase in EPS production (62.89 mg/g) did not facilitate enhanced degradation of hydrophobic substrates in multi-substrate system involving benzothiophene, benzofuran, benzene and toluene. 28859575 8 55 theme toxic 1215:1219 arg1 conditions 1221:1230 toxic conditions 1215:1230 toxic conditions 1215:1230 Under toxic conditions, especially at higher concentration of target pollutants, a significant increase in concentration of polysaccharides was observed compared to proteins. 28859575 1 56 theme extracellular 263:275 arg1 EPS 299:301 EPS 299:301 EPS 299:301 The variation in surface characteristics and the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial cells during biodegradation of single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons was investigated in the present study. 28859575 1 56 theme extracellular 263:275 arg1 substances 287:296 extracellular polymeric substances 263:296 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial cells 263:321 The variation in surface characteristics and the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial cells during biodegradation of single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons was investigated in the present study. 28859575 5 57 theme major 807:811 arg1 fraction 813:820 the major fraction 803:820 the major fraction of EPS 803:827 Carbohydrates constituted the major fraction of EPS in the presence of pyridine. 28859575 4 58 theme protein/carbohydrate 720:739 arg1 ratio 741:745 protein/carbohydrate ratio 720:745 protein/carbohydrate ratio varying between 2.19 and 3.1 720:774 Proteins constituted the major fraction of EPS during biodegradation of benzene and toluene with protein/carbohydrate ratio varying between 2.19 and 3.1. 28859575 1 59 theme polymeric 277:285 arg1 EPS 299:301 EPS 299:301 EPS 299:301 The variation in surface characteristics and the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial cells during biodegradation of single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons was investigated in the present study. 28859575 1 59 theme polymeric 277:285 arg1 substances 287:296 extracellular polymeric substances 263:296 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial cells 263:321 The variation in surface characteristics and the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial cells during biodegradation of single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons was investigated in the present study. 28859575 8 60 theme polysaccharides 1333:1347 arg1 concentration 1316:1328 concentration 1316:1328 concentration of polysaccharides 1316:1347 Under toxic conditions, especially at higher concentration of target pollutants, a significant increase in concentration of polysaccharides was observed compared to proteins. 28859575 1 61 theme hydrocarbons 374:385 arg1 biodegradation 330:343 biodegradation 330:343 biodegradation of single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons 330:385 The variation in surface characteristics and the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial cells during biodegradation of single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons was investigated in the present study. 28859575 4 62 theme major 648:652 arg1 fraction 654:661 the major fraction 644:661 the major fraction of EPS 644:668 Proteins constituted the major fraction of EPS during biodegradation of benzene and toluene with protein/carbohydrate ratio varying between 2.19 and 3.1. 28859575 3 63 theme negative 559:566 arg1 charge 576:581 more negative surface charge 554:581 more negative surface charge 554:581 Bacterial cells acquired more negative surface charge with an increase in CSH and vice versa. 28859575 1 64 theme substances 287:296 arg1 characteristics 224:238 surface characteristics 216:238 surface characteristics 216:238 The variation in surface characteristics and the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial cells during biodegradation of single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons was investigated in the present study. 28859575 1 64 theme substances 287:296 arg1 composition 248:258 the composition 244:258 the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial cells during biodegradation of single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons 244:385 The variation in surface characteristics and the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial cells during biodegradation of single and multi-aromatic hydrocarbons was investigated in the present study. 28242223 12 0 theme forest 1774:1779 arg1 soils 1786:1790 the three forest peat soils 1764:1790 the three forest peat soils 1764:1790 The field incubation results of the three forest peat soils seem to reflect the difference in the labile organic matter content, represented by polysaccharides. 28242223 3 1 theme dioxide 645:651 arg1 fluxes 677:682 Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes 638:682 Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes from soil 638:692 Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes from soil were monthly measured for 3years. 28242223 6 2 theme largest 1128:1134 arg1 proportion 1136:1145 the largest proportion 1124:1145 the largest proportion of C present 1124:1158 Based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, C composition of the MPS and ABg soils was characterized by the largest proportion of C present as alkyl C and O-alkyl C, respectively. 28242223 11 3 theme rate 1630:1633 arg1 constant 1635:1642 the rate constant 1626:1642 the rate constant in exponential decay model 1626:1669 Annual rate of peat decomposition as was estimated from cumulative C loss differed up to 2 times, and the rate constant in exponential decay model was 0.033y-1 for the MPS soil and 0.066y-1 for the ABg soil. 28242223 11 3 theme rate 1630:1633 arg1 0.033y-1 1675:1682 0.033y-1 1675:1682 0.033y-1 1675:1682 Annual rate of peat decomposition as was estimated from cumulative C loss differed up to 2 times, and the rate constant in exponential decay model was 0.033y-1 for the MPS soil and 0.066y-1 for the ABg soil. 28242223 1 4 theme field 236:240 arg1 experiment 253:262 a field incubation experiment 234:262 a field incubation experiment 234:262 To understand the variations in the decomposability of tropical peat soil following deforestation for an oil palm plantation, a field incubation experiment was conducted in Sarawak, Malaysia. 28242223 12 5 theme field 1736:1740 arg1 results 1753:1759 The field incubation results 1732:1759 The field incubation results of the three forest peat soils 1732:1790 The field incubation results of the three forest peat soils seem to reflect the difference in the labile organic matter content, represented by polysaccharides. 28242223 4 6 theme moisture 785:792 arg1 content 794:800 soil moisture content 780:800 soil moisture content 780:800 Environmental variables including soil temperature, soil moisture content, and groundwater table were also monitored. 28242223 5 7 from content 893:899 arg1 ignition 862:869 ignition 862:869 ignition 862:869 The pH, loss on ignition, and total carbon (C) content were similar among the three soils, while total N content was larger in the MPS than in the ABg soils. 28242223 1 8 theme tropical 163:170 arg1 deforestation 192:204 tropical peat soil following deforestation 163:204 tropical peat soil following deforestation 163:204 To understand the variations in the decomposability of tropical peat soil following deforestation for an oil palm plantation, a field incubation experiment was conducted in Sarawak, Malaysia. 28242223 7 9 theme ABg 1271:1273 arg1 soils 1275:1279 the MPS and ABg soils 1259:1279 soils 1275:1279 The C composition of the ABt soil was intermediate between the MPS and ABg soils. 28242223 2 10 theme chloride 582:589 arg1 pipes 591:595 polyvinyl chloride pipes 572:595 polyvinyl chloride pipes 572:595 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28242223 6 11 theme magnetic 1025:1032 arg1 NMR 1045:1047 NMR 1045:1047 NMR 1045:1047 Based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, C composition of the MPS and ABg soils was characterized by the largest proportion of C present as alkyl C and O-alkyl C, respectively. 28242223 6 11 theme magnetic 1025:1032 arg1 resonance 1034:1042 nuclear magnetic resonance 1017:1042 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 1013:1061 Based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, C composition of the MPS and ABg soils was characterized by the largest proportion of C present as alkyl C and O-alkyl C, respectively. 28242223 11 12 theme cumulative 1580:1589 arg1 loss 1593:1596 cumulative C loss 1580:1596 cumulative C loss 1580:1596 Annual rate of peat decomposition as was estimated from cumulative C loss differed up to 2 times, and the rate constant in exponential decay model was 0.033y-1 for the MPS soil and 0.066y-1 for the ABg soil. 28242223 6 13 theme ABg 1093:1095 arg1 soils 1097:1101 the MPS and ABg soils 1081:1101 soils 1097:1101 Based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, C composition of the MPS and ABg soils was characterized by the largest proportion of C present as alkyl C and O-alkyl C, respectively. 28242223 1 14 theme soil 177:180 arg1 deforestation 192:204 tropical peat soil following deforestation 163:204 tropical peat soil following deforestation 163:204 To understand the variations in the decomposability of tropical peat soil following deforestation for an oil palm plantation, a field incubation experiment was conducted in Sarawak, Malaysia. 28242223 6 15 theme 13C 1013:1015 arg1 spectroscopy 1050:1061 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 1013:1061 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 1013:1061 Based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, C composition of the MPS and ABg soils was characterized by the largest proportion of C present as alkyl C and O-alkyl C, respectively. 28242223 12 16 theme labile 1830:1835 arg1 content 1852:1858 the labile organic matter content 1826:1858 the labile organic matter content 1826:1858 The field incubation results of the three forest peat soils seem to reflect the difference in the labile organic matter content, represented by polysaccharides. 28242223 1 17 theme deforestation 192:204 arg1 decomposability 144:158 the decomposability 140:158 the decomposability of tropical peat soil following deforestation for an oil palm plantation 140:231 To understand the variations in the decomposability of tropical peat soil following deforestation for an oil palm plantation, a field incubation experiment was conducted in Sarawak, Malaysia. 28242223 12 18 theme matter 1845:1850 arg1 content 1852:1858 the labile organic matter content 1826:1858 the labile organic matter content 1826:1858 The field incubation results of the three forest peat soils seem to reflect the difference in the labile organic matter content, represented by polysaccharides. 28242223 6 19 theme alkyl 1163:1167 arg1 C 1169:1169 alkyl C 1163:1169 alkyl C 1163:1169 Based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, C composition of the MPS and ABg soils was characterized by the largest proportion of C present as alkyl C and O-alkyl C, respectively. 28242223 6 19 theme alkyl 1163:1167 arg1 composition 1066:1076 C composition 1064:1076 C composition of the MPS and ABg soils 1064:1101 Based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, C composition of the MPS and ABg soils was characterized by the largest proportion of C present as alkyl C and O-alkyl C, respectively. 28242223 11 20 dep rate 1531:1534 arg1 estimated 1565:1573 estimated 1565:1573 was estimated from cumulative C loss 1561:1596 Annual rate of peat decomposition as was estimated from cumulative C loss differed up to 2 times, and the rate constant in exponential decay model was 0.033y-1 for the MPS soil and 0.066y-1 for the ABg soil. 28242223 6 21 theme present 1152:1158 arg1 proportion 1136:1145 the largest proportion 1124:1145 the largest proportion of C present 1124:1158 Based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, C composition of the MPS and ABg soils was characterized by the largest proportion of C present as alkyl C and O-alkyl C, respectively. 28242223 11 22 dep 2 1613:1613 arg1 to 1610:1611 to 1610:1611 to 1610:1611 Annual rate of peat decomposition as was estimated from cumulative C loss differed up to 2 times, and the rate constant in exponential decay model was 0.033y-1 for the MPS soil and 0.066y-1 for the ABg soil. 28242223 5 23 theme N 949:949 arg1 content 951:957 total N content 943:957 total N content 943:957 The pH, loss on ignition, and total carbon (C) content were similar among the three soils, while total N content was larger in the MPS than in the ABg soils. 28242223 12 24 theme soils 1786:1790 arg1 results 1753:1759 The field incubation results 1732:1759 The field incubation results of the three forest peat soils 1732:1790 The field incubation results of the three forest peat soils seem to reflect the difference in the labile organic matter content, represented by polysaccharides. 28242223 0 25 theme soils 58:62 arg1 decomposability 18:32 the decomposability 14:32 the decomposability of tropical forest peat soils after conversion to an oil palm plantation 14:105 Evaluation on the decomposability of tropical forest peat soils after conversion to an oil palm plantation. 28242223 5 26 theme ABg 993:995 arg1 soils 997:1001 the ABg soils 989:1001 the ABg soils 989:1001 The pH, loss on ignition, and total carbon (C) content were similar among the three soils, while total N content was larger in the MPS than in the ABg soils. 28242223 11 27 theme ABg 1722:1724 arg1 soil 1726:1729 the ABg soil 1718:1729 the ABg soil 1718:1729 Annual rate of peat decomposition as was estimated from cumulative C loss differed up to 2 times, and the rate constant in exponential decay model was 0.033y-1 for the MPS soil and 0.066y-1 for the ABg soil. 28242223 2 28 theme Shorea 458:463 arg1 association 494:504 Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association 458:504 ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association 453:504 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28242223 0 29 from Evaluation 0:9 arg1 decomposability 18:32 the decomposability 14:32 the decomposability of tropical forest peat soils after conversion to an oil palm plantation 14:105 Evaluation on the decomposability of tropical forest peat soils after conversion to an oil palm plantation. 28242223 11 30 theme peat 1539:1542 arg1 decomposition 1544:1556 peat decomposition 1539:1556 peat decomposition 1539:1556 Annual rate of peat decomposition as was estimated from cumulative C loss differed up to 2 times, and the rate constant in exponential decay model was 0.033y-1 for the MPS soil and 0.066y-1 for the ABg soil. 28242223 1 31 from variations 126:135 arg1 decomposability 144:158 the decomposability 140:158 the decomposability of tropical peat soil following deforestation for an oil palm plantation 140:231 To understand the variations in the decomposability of tropical peat soil following deforestation for an oil palm plantation, a field incubation experiment was conducted in Sarawak, Malaysia. 28242223 2 32 theme Peat 370:373 arg1 MPS 382:384 MPS 382:384 MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association 382:438 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28242223 2 32 theme Peat 370:373 arg1 types 332:336 three types 326:336 three types of primary forest 326:354 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28242223 2 32 theme Peat 370:373 arg1 Swamp 375:379 Mixed Peat Swamp 364:379 Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association) 364:439 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28242223 0 33 theme palm 91:94 arg1 plantation 96:105 an oil palm plantation 84:105 an oil palm plantation 84:105 Evaluation on the decomposability of tropical forest peat soils after conversion to an oil palm plantation. 28242223 5 34 from loss 854:857 arg1 ignition 862:869 ignition 862:869 ignition 862:869 The pH, loss on ignition, and total carbon (C) content were similar among the three soils, while total N content was larger in the MPS than in the ABg soils. 28242223 11 35 theme exponential 1647:1657 arg1 model 1665:1669 exponential decay model 1647:1669 exponential decay model 1647:1669 Annual rate of peat decomposition as was estimated from cumulative C loss differed up to 2 times, and the rate constant in exponential decay model was 0.033y-1 for the MPS soil and 0.066y-1 for the ABg soil. 28242223 8 36 from soils 1312:1316 arg1 fluxes 1290:1295 The CO2 fluxes 1282:1295 The CO2 fluxes from the three soils 1282:1316 The CO2 fluxes from the three soils ranged from 78 to 625mgCm-2h-1 with a negative correlation to groundwater level. 28242223 5 37 from pH 850:851 arg1 ignition 862:869 ignition 862:869 ignition 862:869 The pH, loss on ignition, and total carbon (C) content were similar among the three soils, while total N content was larger in the MPS than in the ABg soils. 28242223 2 38 theme palm 621:624 arg1 plantation 626:635 an oil palm plantation 614:635 an oil palm plantation 614:635 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28242223 5 39 theme total 876:880 arg1 content 893:899 total carbon (C) content 876:899 total carbon (C) content 876:899 The pH, loss on ignition, and total carbon (C) content were similar among the three soils, while total N content was larger in the MPS than in the ABg soils. 28242223 8 40 theme negative 1356:1363 arg1 correlation 1365:1375 a negative correlation 1354:1375 a negative correlation to groundwater level 1354:1396 The CO2 fluxes from the three soils ranged from 78 to 625mgCm-2h-1 with a negative correlation to groundwater level. 28242223 10 41 theme CH4 1466:1468 arg1 fluxes 1470:1475 Both total CO2 and CH4 fluxes 1447:1475 Both total CO2 and CH4 fluxes 1447:1475 Both total CO2 and CH4 fluxes were larger in the order ABg>ABt>MPS (P<0.05). 28242223 9 42 theme CH4 1403:1405 arg1 fluxes 1407:1412 The CH4 fluxes 1399:1412 The CH4 fluxes 1399:1412 The CH4 fluxes ranged from -67 to 653μgCm-2h-1. 28242223 12 43 theme incubation 1742:1751 arg1 results 1753:1759 The field incubation results 1732:1759 The field incubation results of the three forest peat soils 1732:1790 The field incubation results of the three forest peat soils seem to reflect the difference in the labile organic matter content, represented by polysaccharides. 28242223 10 44 theme order 1496:1500 arg1 ABg>ABt>MPS 1502:1512 the order ABg>ABt>MPS 1492:1512 the order ABg>ABt>MPS 1492:1512 Both total CO2 and CH4 fluxes were larger in the order ABg>ABt>MPS (P<0.05). 28242223 0 45 theme forest 46:51 arg1 soils 58:62 tropical forest peat soils 37:62 tropical forest peat soils 37:62 Evaluation on the decomposability of tropical forest peat soils after conversion to an oil palm plantation. 28242223 3 46 theme Carbon 638:643 arg1 CO2 654:656 CO2 654:656 CO2 654:656 Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes from soil were monthly measured for 3years. 28242223 3 46 theme Carbon 638:643 arg1 dioxide 645:651 Carbon dioxide 638:651 Carbon dioxide (CO2) 638:657 Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes from soil were monthly measured for 3years. 28242223 1 47 theme oil 213:215 arg1 plantation 222:231 an oil palm plantation 210:231 an oil palm plantation 210:231 To understand the variations in the decomposability of tropical peat soil following deforestation for an oil palm plantation, a field incubation experiment was conducted in Sarawak, Malaysia. 28242223 12 48 theme peat 1781:1784 arg1 soils 1786:1790 the three forest peat soils 1764:1790 the three forest peat soils 1764:1790 The field incubation results of the three forest peat soils seem to reflect the difference in the labile organic matter content, represented by polysaccharides. 28242223 2 49 theme forest 349:354 arg1 Batu 447:450 Batu 447:450 Batu 447:450 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28242223 2 49 theme forest 349:354 arg1 Bunga 517:521 Bunga 517:521 Bunga 517:521 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28242223 2 49 theme forest 349:354 arg1 Swamp 375:379 Mixed Peat Swamp 364:379 Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association) 364:439 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28242223 2 49 theme forest 349:354 arg1 types 332:336 three types 326:336 three types of primary forest 326:354 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28242223 11 50 dep MPS 1692:1694 arg1 0.066y-1 1705:1712 0.066y-1 1705:1712 0.066y-1 1705:1712 Annual rate of peat decomposition as was estimated from cumulative C loss differed up to 2 times, and the rate constant in exponential decay model was 0.033y-1 for the MPS soil and 0.066y-1 for the ABg soil. 28242223 11 50 dep MPS 1692:1694 arg1 soil 1696:1699 soil 1696:1699 soil 1696:1699 Annual rate of peat decomposition as was estimated from cumulative C loss differed up to 2 times, and the rate constant in exponential decay model was 0.033y-1 for the MPS soil and 0.066y-1 for the ABg soil. 28242223 11 50 dep MPS 1692:1694 arg1 MPS 1692:1694 the MPS soil and 0.066y-1 1688:1712 the MPS soil and 0.066y-1 for the ABg soil 1688:1729 Annual rate of peat decomposition as was estimated from cumulative C loss differed up to 2 times, and the rate constant in exponential decay model was 0.033y-1 for the MPS soil and 0.066y-1 for the ABg soil. 28242223 1 51 theme incubation 242:251 arg1 experiment 253:262 a field incubation experiment 234:262 a field incubation experiment 234:262 To understand the variations in the decomposability of tropical peat soil following deforestation for an oil palm plantation, a field incubation experiment was conducted in Sarawak, Malaysia. 28242223 7 52 theme soil 1229:1232 arg1 composition 1206:1216 The C composition 1200:1216 The C composition of the ABt soil 1200:1232 The C composition of the ABt soil was intermediate between the MPS and ABg soils. 28242223 7 52 theme soil 1229:1232 arg1 intermediate 1238:1249 intermediate 1238:1249 intermediate 1238:1249 The C composition of the ABt soil was intermediate between the MPS and ABg soils. 28242223 7 53 theme MPS 1263:1265 arg1 soils 1275:1279 the MPS and ABg soils 1259:1279 soils 1275:1279 The C composition of the ABt soil was intermediate between the MPS and ABg soils. 28242223 2 54 dep ABg 524:526 arg1 albida 536:541 albida 536:541 albida 536:541 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28242223 4 55 theme soil 780:783 arg1 content 794:800 soil moisture content 780:800 soil moisture content 780:800 Environmental variables including soil temperature, soil moisture content, and groundwater table were also monitored. 28242223 6 56 theme resonance 1034:1042 arg1 spectroscopy 1050:1061 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 1013:1061 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 1013:1061 Based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, C composition of the MPS and ABg soils was characterized by the largest proportion of C present as alkyl C and O-alkyl C, respectively. 28242223 3 57 theme methane 663:669 arg1 fluxes 677:682 Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes 638:682 Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes from soil 638:692 Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes from soil were monthly measured for 3years. 28242223 6 58 theme soils 1097:1101 arg1 C 1169:1169 alkyl C 1163:1169 alkyl C 1163:1169 Based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, C composition of the MPS and ABg soils was characterized by the largest proportion of C present as alkyl C and O-alkyl C, respectively. 28242223 6 58 theme soils 1097:1101 arg1 C 1183:1183 O-alkyl C 1175:1183 O-alkyl C 1175:1183 Based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, C composition of the MPS and ABg soils was characterized by the largest proportion of C present as alkyl C and O-alkyl C, respectively. 28242223 6 58 theme soils 1097:1101 arg1 composition 1066:1076 C composition 1064:1076 C composition of the MPS and ABg soils 1064:1101 Based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, C composition of the MPS and ABg soils was characterized by the largest proportion of C present as alkyl C and O-alkyl C, respectively. 28242223 2 59 theme Peat 300:303 arg1 soils 305:309 Peat soils 300:309 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), 300:555 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28242223 1 60 theme peat 172:175 arg1 deforestation 192:204 tropical peat soil following deforestation 163:204 tropical peat soil following deforestation 163:204 To understand the variations in the decomposability of tropical peat soil following deforestation for an oil palm plantation, a field incubation experiment was conducted in Sarawak, Malaysia. 28242223 2 61 theme polyvinyl 572:580 arg1 pipes 591:595 polyvinyl chloride pipes 572:595 polyvinyl chloride pipes 572:595 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28242223 6 62 theme nuclear 1017:1023 arg1 NMR 1045:1047 NMR 1045:1047 NMR 1045:1047 Based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, C composition of the MPS and ABg soils was characterized by the largest proportion of C present as alkyl C and O-alkyl C, respectively. 28242223 6 62 theme nuclear 1017:1023 arg1 resonance 1034:1042 nuclear magnetic resonance 1017:1042 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 1013:1061 Based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, C composition of the MPS and ABg soils was characterized by the largest proportion of C present as alkyl C and O-alkyl C, respectively. 28242223 11 63 theme C 1591:1591 arg1 loss 1593:1596 cumulative C loss 1580:1596 cumulative C loss 1580:1596 Annual rate of peat decomposition as was estimated from cumulative C loss differed up to 2 times, and the rate constant in exponential decay model was 0.033y-1 for the MPS soil and 0.066y-1 for the ABg soil. 28242223 6 64 theme O-alkyl 1175:1181 arg1 C 1183:1183 O-alkyl C 1175:1183 O-alkyl C 1175:1183 Based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, C composition of the MPS and ABg soils was characterized by the largest proportion of C present as alkyl C and O-alkyl C, respectively. 28242223 6 64 theme O-alkyl 1175:1181 arg1 composition 1066:1076 C composition 1064:1076 C composition of the MPS and ABg soils 1064:1101 Based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, C composition of the MPS and ABg soils was characterized by the largest proportion of C present as alkyl C and O-alkyl C, respectively. 28242223 1 65 theme following 182:190 arg1 deforestation 192:204 tropical peat soil following deforestation 163:204 tropical peat soil following deforestation 163:204 To understand the variations in the decomposability of tropical peat soil following deforestation for an oil palm plantation, a field incubation experiment was conducted in Sarawak, Malaysia. 28242223 7 66 theme ABt 1225:1227 arg1 soil 1229:1232 the ABt soil 1221:1232 the ABt soil 1221:1232 The C composition of the ABt soil was intermediate between the MPS and ABg soils. 28242223 4 67 dep soil 762:765 arg1 table 819:823 table 819:823 table 819:823 Environmental variables including soil temperature, soil moisture content, and groundwater table were also monitored. 28242223 4 67 dep soil 762:765 arg1 temperature 767:777 temperature 767:777 temperature 767:777 Environmental variables including soil temperature, soil moisture content, and groundwater table were also monitored. 28242223 6 68 theme MPS 1085:1087 arg1 soils 1097:1101 the MPS and ABg soils 1081:1101 soils 1097:1101 Based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, C composition of the MPS and ABg soils was characterized by the largest proportion of C present as alkyl C and O-alkyl C, respectively. 28242223 12 69 theme organic 1837:1843 arg1 content 1852:1858 the labile organic matter content 1826:1858 the labile organic matter content 1826:1858 The field incubation results of the three forest peat soils seem to reflect the difference in the labile organic matter content, represented by polysaccharides. 28242223 12 70 from difference 1812:1821 arg1 content 1852:1858 the labile organic matter content 1826:1858 the labile organic matter content 1826:1858 The field incubation results of the three forest peat soils seem to reflect the difference in the labile organic matter content, represented by polysaccharides. 28242223 8 71 theme CO2 1286:1288 arg1 fluxes 1290:1295 The CO2 fluxes 1282:1295 The CO2 fluxes from the three soils 1282:1316 The CO2 fluxes from the three soils ranged from 78 to 625mgCm-2h-1 with a negative correlation to groundwater level. 28242223 7 72 theme C 1204:1204 arg1 composition 1206:1216 The C composition 1200:1216 The C composition of the ABt soil 1200:1232 The C composition of the ABt soil was intermediate between the MPS and ABg soils. 28242223 7 72 theme C 1204:1204 arg1 intermediate 1238:1249 intermediate 1238:1249 intermediate 1238:1249 The C composition of the ABt soil was intermediate between the MPS and ABg soils. 28242223 6 73 theme C 1150:1150 arg1 present 1152:1158 C present 1150:1158 C present 1150:1158 Based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, C composition of the MPS and ABg soils was characterized by the largest proportion of C present as alkyl C and O-alkyl C, respectively. 28242223 5 74 theme total 943:947 arg1 content 951:957 total N content 943:957 total N content 943:957 The pH, loss on ignition, and total carbon (C) content were similar among the three soils, while total N content was larger in the MPS than in the ABg soils. 28242223 6 75 theme C 1064:1064 arg1 C 1169:1169 alkyl C 1163:1169 alkyl C 1163:1169 Based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, C composition of the MPS and ABg soils was characterized by the largest proportion of C present as alkyl C and O-alkyl C, respectively. 28242223 6 75 theme C 1064:1064 arg1 C 1183:1183 O-alkyl C 1175:1183 O-alkyl C 1175:1183 Based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, C composition of the MPS and ABg soils was characterized by the largest proportion of C present as alkyl C and O-alkyl C, respectively. 28242223 6 75 theme C 1064:1064 arg1 composition 1066:1076 C composition 1064:1076 C composition of the MPS and ABg soils 1064:1101 Based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, C composition of the MPS and ABg soils was characterized by the largest proportion of C present as alkyl C and O-alkyl C, respectively. 28242223 2 76 theme albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus 465:492 arg1 association 494:504 Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association 458:504 ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association 453:504 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28242223 8 77 dep 625mgCm-2h-1 1336:1347 arg1 to 1333:1334 to 1333:1334 to 1333:1334 The CO2 fluxes from the three soils ranged from 78 to 625mgCm-2h-1 with a negative correlation to groundwater level. 28242223 11 78 theme Annual 1524:1529 arg1 rate 1531:1534 Annual rate 1524:1534 Annual rate of peat decomposition as was estimated from cumulative C loss 1524:1596 Annual rate of peat decomposition as was estimated from cumulative C loss differed up to 2 times, and the rate constant in exponential decay model was 0.033y-1 for the MPS soil and 0.066y-1 for the ABg soil. 28242223 2 79 theme oil 617:619 arg1 plantation 626:635 an oil palm plantation 614:635 an oil palm plantation 614:635 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28242223 0 80 theme oil 87:89 arg1 plantation 96:105 an oil palm plantation 84:105 an oil palm plantation 84:105 Evaluation on the decomposability of tropical forest peat soils after conversion to an oil palm plantation. 28242223 2 81 dep ABt 453:455 arg1 association 494:504 Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association 458:504 ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association 453:504 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28242223 5 82 theme carbon 882:887 arg1 content 893:899 total carbon (C) content 876:899 total carbon (C) content 876:899 The pH, loss on ignition, and total carbon (C) content were similar among the three soils, while total N content was larger in the MPS than in the ABg soils. 28242223 11 83 from constant 1635:1642 arg1 model 1665:1669 exponential decay model 1647:1669 exponential decay model 1647:1669 Annual rate of peat decomposition as was estimated from cumulative C loss differed up to 2 times, and the rate constant in exponential decay model was 0.033y-1 for the MPS soil and 0.066y-1 for the ABg soil. 28242223 11 84 theme decomposition 1544:1556 arg1 rate 1531:1534 Annual rate 1524:1534 Annual rate of peat decomposition as was estimated from cumulative C loss 1524:1596 Annual rate of peat decomposition as was estimated from cumulative C loss differed up to 2 times, and the rate constant in exponential decay model was 0.033y-1 for the MPS soil and 0.066y-1 for the ABg soil. 28242223 5 85 theme C 890:890 arg1 content 893:899 total carbon (C) content 876:899 total carbon (C) content 876:899 The pH, loss on ignition, and total carbon (C) content were similar among the three soils, while total N content was larger in the MPS than in the ABg soils. 28242223 10 86 theme total 1452:1456 arg1 CO2 1458:1460 total CO2 1452:1460 total CO2 1452:1460 Both total CO2 and CH4 fluxes were larger in the order ABg>ABt>MPS (P<0.05). 28242223 3 87 from soil 689:692 arg1 fluxes 677:682 Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes 638:682 Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes from soil 638:692 Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes from soil were monthly measured for 3years. 28242223 10 88 dep larger 1482:1487 arg1 P<0.05 1515:1520 P<0.05 1515:1520 P<0.05 1515:1520 Both total CO2 and CH4 fluxes were larger in the order ABg>ABt>MPS (P<0.05). 28242223 11 89 theme decay 1659:1663 arg1 model 1665:1669 exponential decay model 1647:1669 exponential decay model 1647:1669 Annual rate of peat decomposition as was estimated from cumulative C loss differed up to 2 times, and the rate constant in exponential decay model was 0.033y-1 for the MPS soil and 0.066y-1 for the ABg soil. 28242223 2 90 theme Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia 387:426 arg1 association 428:438 Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association 387:438 MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association 382:438 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28242223 0 91 theme tropical 37:44 arg1 soils 58:62 tropical forest peat soils 37:62 tropical forest peat soils 37:62 Evaluation on the decomposability of tropical forest peat soils after conversion to an oil palm plantation. 28242223 10 92 theme CO2 1458:1460 arg1 fluxes 1470:1475 Both total CO2 and CH4 fluxes 1447:1475 Both total CO2 and CH4 fluxes 1447:1475 Both total CO2 and CH4 fluxes were larger in the order ABg>ABt>MPS (P<0.05). 28242223 8 93 theme groundwater 1380:1390 arg1 level 1392:1396 groundwater level 1380:1396 groundwater level 1380:1396 The CO2 fluxes from the three soils ranged from 78 to 625mgCm-2h-1 with a negative correlation to groundwater level. 28242223 0 94 theme peat 53:56 arg1 soils 58:62 tropical forest peat soils 37:62 tropical forest peat soils 37:62 Evaluation on the decomposability of tropical forest peat soils after conversion to an oil palm plantation. 28242223 2 95 dep MPS 382:384 arg1 association 428:438 Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association 387:438 MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association 382:438 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28242223 1 96 theme palm 217:220 arg1 plantation 222:231 an oil palm plantation 210:231 an oil palm plantation 210:231 To understand the variations in the decomposability of tropical peat soil following deforestation for an oil palm plantation, a field incubation experiment was conducted in Sarawak, Malaysia. 28242223 2 97 dep albida 536:541 arg1 association 543:553 association 543:553 Shorea albida association 529:553 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28242223 2 98 theme Mixed 364:368 arg1 MPS 382:384 MPS 382:384 MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association 382:438 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28242223 2 98 theme Mixed 364:368 arg1 types 332:336 three types 326:336 three types of primary forest 326:354 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28242223 2 98 theme Mixed 364:368 arg1 Swamp 375:379 Mixed Peat Swamp 364:379 Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association) 364:439 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28242223 4 99 theme Environmental 728:740 arg1 variables 742:750 Environmental variables 728:750 Environmental variables including soil temperature, soil moisture content, and groundwater table 728:823 Environmental variables including soil temperature, soil moisture content, and groundwater table were also monitored. 28242223 2 100 theme primary 341:347 arg1 forest 349:354 primary forest 341:354 primary forest 341:354 Peat soils collected from three types of primary forest, namely Mixed Peat Swamp (MPS; Gonystylus-Dactylocladus-Neoscrotechinia association), Alan Batu (ABt; Shorea albida-Gonstylus-Strenonurus association), and Alan Bunga (ABg; Shorea albida association), were packed in polyvinyl chloride pipes and installed in an oil palm plantation. 28257697 0 0 theme Ser 87:89 arg1 Residues 91:98 Ser Residues 87:98 Ser Residues 87:98 SERious Surprises for ADP-Ribosylation Specificity: HPF1 Switches PARP1 Specificity to Ser Residues. 28257697 1 1 theme Ser 292:294 arg1 residues 296:303 the Ser residues 288:303 the Ser residues 288:303 In this issue of Molecular Cell, Bonfiglio et al. (2017) demonstrate that histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) is required for PARP1 to attach ADP-ribose groups onto the hydroxyl oxygen of the Ser residues of target substrates, including both PARP1 itself and histones. 28257697 1 1 theme Ser 292:294 arg1 substrates 315:324 target substrates 308:324 target substrates 308:324 In this issue of Molecular Cell, Bonfiglio et al. (2017) demonstrate that histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) is required for PARP1 to attach ADP-ribose groups onto the hydroxyl oxygen of the Ser residues of target substrates, including both PARP1 itself and histones. 28257697 1 1 theme Ser 292:294 arg1 PARP1 342:346 PARP1 342:346 PARP1 itself 342:353 In this issue of Molecular Cell, Bonfiglio et al. (2017) demonstrate that histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) is required for PARP1 to attach ADP-ribose groups onto the hydroxyl oxygen of the Ser residues of target substrates, including both PARP1 itself and histones. 28257697 1 1 theme Ser 292:294 arg1 histones 359:366 histones 359:366 histones 359:366 In this issue of Molecular Cell, Bonfiglio et al. (2017) demonstrate that histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) is required for PARP1 to attach ADP-ribose groups onto the hydroxyl oxygen of the Ser residues of target substrates, including both PARP1 itself and histones. 28257697 2 2 dep unexpected 411:420 arg1 O-linked 423:430 O-linked 423:430 O-linked 423:430 Here, mechanisms and implications of this unexpected, O-linked ADP-ribosylation are speculated on. 28257697 1 3 theme Molecular 118:126 arg1 Cell 128:131 Molecular Cell 118:131 Molecular Cell 118:131 In this issue of Molecular Cell, Bonfiglio et al. (2017) demonstrate that histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) is required for PARP1 to attach ADP-ribose groups onto the hydroxyl oxygen of the Ser residues of target substrates, including both PARP1 itself and histones. 28257697 1 4 theme histone 175:181 arg1 HPF1 204:207 HPF1 204:207 HPF1 204:207 In this issue of Molecular Cell, Bonfiglio et al. (2017) demonstrate that histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) is required for PARP1 to attach ADP-ribose groups onto the hydroxyl oxygen of the Ser residues of target substrates, including both PARP1 itself and histones. 28257697 1 4 theme histone 175:181 arg1 factor 194:199 histone PARylation factor 1 175:201 histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) 175:208 In this issue of Molecular Cell, Bonfiglio et al. (2017) demonstrate that histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) is required for PARP1 to attach ADP-ribose groups onto the hydroxyl oxygen of the Ser residues of target substrates, including both PARP1 itself and histones. 28257697 2 5 theme unexpected 411:420 arg1 ADP-ribosylation 432:447 this unexpected, O-linked ADP-ribosylation 406:447 this unexpected, O-linked ADP-ribosylation 406:447 Here, mechanisms and implications of this unexpected, O-linked ADP-ribosylation are speculated on. 28257697 2 6 theme ADP-ribosylation 432:447 arg1 implications 390:401 implications 390:401 implications 390:401 Here, mechanisms and implications of this unexpected, O-linked ADP-ribosylation are speculated on. 28257697 2 6 theme ADP-ribosylation 432:447 arg1 mechanisms 375:384 mechanisms 375:384 mechanisms 375:384 Here, mechanisms and implications of this unexpected, O-linked ADP-ribosylation are speculated on. 28257697 1 7 theme residues 296:303 arg1 oxygen 278:283 the hydroxyl oxygen 265:283 the hydroxyl oxygen of the Ser residues of target substrates, including both PARP1 itself and histones 265:366 In this issue of Molecular Cell, Bonfiglio et al. (2017) demonstrate that histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) is required for PARP1 to attach ADP-ribose groups onto the hydroxyl oxygen of the Ser residues of target substrates, including both PARP1 itself and histones. 28257697 1 8 theme PARylation 183:192 arg1 HPF1 204:207 HPF1 204:207 HPF1 204:207 In this issue of Molecular Cell, Bonfiglio et al. (2017) demonstrate that histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) is required for PARP1 to attach ADP-ribose groups onto the hydroxyl oxygen of the Ser residues of target substrates, including both PARP1 itself and histones. 28257697 1 8 theme PARylation 183:192 arg1 factor 194:199 histone PARylation factor 1 175:201 histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) 175:208 In this issue of Molecular Cell, Bonfiglio et al. (2017) demonstrate that histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) is required for PARP1 to attach ADP-ribose groups onto the hydroxyl oxygen of the Ser residues of target substrates, including both PARP1 itself and histones. 28257697 1 9 theme Cell 128:131 arg1 issue 109:113 this issue 104:113 this issue of Molecular Cell 104:131 In this issue of Molecular Cell, Bonfiglio et al. (2017) demonstrate that histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) is required for PARP1 to attach ADP-ribose groups onto the hydroxyl oxygen of the Ser residues of target substrates, including both PARP1 itself and histones. 28257697 0 10 theme SERious 0:6 arg1 Surprises 8:16 SERious Surprises 0:16 SERious Surprises for ADP-Ribosylation Specificity: HPF1 Switches PARP1 Specificity to Ser Residues. 0:99 SERious Surprises for ADP-Ribosylation Specificity: HPF1 Switches PARP1 Specificity to Ser Residues. 28257697 0 11 dep Surprises 8:16 arg1 Switches 57:64 Switches 57:64 Switches PARP1 Specificity to Ser Residues 57:98 SERious Surprises for ADP-Ribosylation Specificity: HPF1 Switches PARP1 Specificity to Ser Residues. 28257697 1 12 theme hydroxyl 269:276 arg1 oxygen 278:283 the hydroxyl oxygen 265:283 the hydroxyl oxygen of the Ser residues of target substrates, including both PARP1 itself and histones 265:366 In this issue of Molecular Cell, Bonfiglio et al. (2017) demonstrate that histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) is required for PARP1 to attach ADP-ribose groups onto the hydroxyl oxygen of the Ser residues of target substrates, including both PARP1 itself and histones. 28257697 1 13 theme target 308:313 arg1 substrates 315:324 target substrates 308:324 target substrates 308:324 In this issue of Molecular Cell, Bonfiglio et al. (2017) demonstrate that histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) is required for PARP1 to attach ADP-ribose groups onto the hydroxyl oxygen of the Ser residues of target substrates, including both PARP1 itself and histones. 28257697 1 14 theme ADP-ribose 242:251 arg1 groups 253:258 ADP-ribose groups 242:258 ADP-ribose groups 242:258 In this issue of Molecular Cell, Bonfiglio et al. (2017) demonstrate that histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) is required for PARP1 to attach ADP-ribose groups onto the hydroxyl oxygen of the Ser residues of target substrates, including both PARP1 itself and histones. 28257697 0 15 theme ADP-Ribosylation 22:37 arg1 Specificity 39:49 ADP-Ribosylation Specificity 22:49 ADP-Ribosylation Specificity 22:49 SERious Surprises for ADP-Ribosylation Specificity: HPF1 Switches PARP1 Specificity to Ser Residues. 28257697 0 16 theme PARP1 66:70 arg1 Specificity 72:82 PARP1 Specificity 66:82 PARP1 Specificity 66:82 SERious Surprises for ADP-Ribosylation Specificity: HPF1 Switches PARP1 Specificity to Ser Residues. 28257697 1 17 theme substrates 315:324 arg1 residues 296:303 the Ser residues 288:303 the Ser residues 288:303 In this issue of Molecular Cell, Bonfiglio et al. (2017) demonstrate that histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) is required for PARP1 to attach ADP-ribose groups onto the hydroxyl oxygen of the Ser residues of target substrates, including both PARP1 itself and histones. 28257697 1 17 theme substrates 315:324 arg1 substrates 315:324 target substrates 308:324 target substrates 308:324 In this issue of Molecular Cell, Bonfiglio et al. (2017) demonstrate that histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) is required for PARP1 to attach ADP-ribose groups onto the hydroxyl oxygen of the Ser residues of target substrates, including both PARP1 itself and histones. 28257697 1 17 theme substrates 315:324 arg1 PARP1 342:346 PARP1 342:346 PARP1 itself 342:353 In this issue of Molecular Cell, Bonfiglio et al. (2017) demonstrate that histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) is required for PARP1 to attach ADP-ribose groups onto the hydroxyl oxygen of the Ser residues of target substrates, including both PARP1 itself and histones. 28257697 1 17 theme substrates 315:324 arg1 histones 359:366 histones 359:366 histones 359:366 In this issue of Molecular Cell, Bonfiglio et al. (2017) demonstrate that histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) is required for PARP1 to attach ADP-ribose groups onto the hydroxyl oxygen of the Ser residues of target substrates, including both PARP1 itself and histones. 26733973 6 0 theme desertification 945:959 arg1 " 960:960 "desertification" 944:960 "desertification" with architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters 944:1031 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms seemingly exhibited "desertification" with architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters, compared with the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain). 26733973 9 1 from importance 1490:1499 arg1 metabolism 1533:1542 the glucose metabolism 1521:1542 the glucose metabolism 1521:1542 A monosaccharide composition analysis demonstrated the importance of the vicX gene in the glucose metabolism. 26733973 3 2 theme oxidative 521:529 arg1 tolerance 538:546 oxidative stress tolerance 521:546 oxidative stress tolerance 521:546 Knockout of vicX affects biofilm formation, oxidative stress tolerance, and transformation of S. mutans. 26733973 8 3 from differences 1390:1400 arg1 lengths 1426:1432 polysaccharide chain lengths 1405:1432 polysaccharide chain lengths 1405:1432 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that the WIG isolated from the SmuvicX biofilms had a much lower molecular weight compared with the UA159 strain indicating differences in polysaccharide chain lengths. 26733973 9 4 theme composition 1452:1462 arg1 analysis 1464:1471 A monosaccharide composition analysis 1435:1471 A monosaccharide composition analysis 1435:1471 A monosaccharide composition analysis demonstrated the importance of the vicX gene in the glucose metabolism. 26733973 10 5 theme resonance 1605:1613 arg1 spectroscopy 1615:1626 (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 1583:1626 (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 1583:1626 We performed metabolite profiling via (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which showed that several chemical shifts were absent in both WSG and WIG of SmuvicX biofilms compared with the UA159 strain. 26733973 10 6 theme nuclear 1588:1594 arg1 resonance 1605:1613 (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance 1583:1613 (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 1583:1626 We performed metabolite profiling via (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which showed that several chemical shifts were absent in both WSG and WIG of SmuvicX biofilms compared with the UA159 strain. 26733973 7 7 theme water-insoluble 1139:1153 arg1 synthesis 1168:1176 water-insoluble glucan (WIG) synthesis 1139:1176 water-insoluble glucan (WIG) synthesis 1139:1176 Concomitantly, SmuvicX showed a decrease in water-insoluble glucan (WIG) synthesis and in WIG/water-soluble glucan (WSG) ratio. 26733973 13 8 theme resonance 2361:2369 arg1 spectroscopy 2371:2382 (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 2339:2382 (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 2339:2382 Furthermore, the methods used to purify the EPS of S. mutans biofilms and to analyze multiple aspects of its structure (GPC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) may be useful approaches to determine the roles of other virulence genes for dental caries prevention. 26733973 6 9 theme SmuvicX 906:912 arg1 biofilms 915:922 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms 889:922 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms 889:922 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms seemingly exhibited "desertification" with architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters, compared with the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain). 26733973 8 10 theme permeation 1227:1236 arg1 GPC 1254:1256 GPC 1254:1256 GPC 1254:1256 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that the WIG isolated from the SmuvicX biofilms had a much lower molecular weight compared with the UA159 strain indicating differences in polysaccharide chain lengths. 26733973 8 10 theme permeation 1227:1236 arg1 chromatography 1238:1251 Gel permeation chromatography 1223:1251 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) 1223:1257 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that the WIG isolated from the SmuvicX biofilms had a much lower molecular weight compared with the UA159 strain indicating differences in polysaccharide chain lengths. 26733973 3 11 theme mutans 574:579 arg1 transformation 553:566 transformation 553:566 transformation of S. mutans 553:579 Knockout of vicX affects biofilm formation, oxidative stress tolerance, and transformation of S. mutans. 26733973 3 11 theme mutans 574:579 arg1 formation 510:518 biofilm formation 502:518 biofilm formation 502:518 Knockout of vicX affects biofilm formation, oxidative stress tolerance, and transformation of S. mutans. 26733973 3 11 theme mutans 574:579 arg1 tolerance 538:546 oxidative stress tolerance 521:546 oxidative stress tolerance 521:546 Knockout of vicX affects biofilm formation, oxidative stress tolerance, and transformation of S. mutans. 26733973 5 12 theme biofilm 869:875 arg1 physiology 877:886 biofilm physiology 869:886 biofilm physiology 869:886 Here, we identified the role of vicX in the structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharide matrix and biofilm physiology. 26733973 6 13 theme cell 1019:1022 arg1 clusters 1024:1031 architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters 967:1031 architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters 967:1031 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms seemingly exhibited "desertification" with architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters, compared with the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain). 26733973 4 14 theme exopolysaccharides 670:687 arg1 characteristics 647:661 the vicX-modulated structural characteristics 617:661 the vicX-modulated structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharides underlying the biofilm formation and the phenotypes of the vicX mutants 617:759 However, little is known regarding the vicX-modulated structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharides underlying the biofilm formation and the phenotypes of the vicX mutants. 26733973 5 15 theme exopolysaccharide 840:856 arg1 matrix 858:863 the exopolysaccharide matrix 836:863 the exopolysaccharide matrix 836:863 Here, we identified the role of vicX in the structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharide matrix and biofilm physiology. 26733973 5 16 from physiology 877:886 arg1 characteristics 817:831 the structural characteristics 802:831 the structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharide matrix 802:863 Here, we identified the role of vicX in the structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharide matrix and biofilm physiology. 26733973 13 17 theme nuclear 2344:2350 arg1 resonance 2361:2369 (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance 2339:2369 (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 2339:2382 Furthermore, the methods used to purify the EPS of S. mutans biofilms and to analyze multiple aspects of its structure (GPC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) may be useful approaches to determine the roles of other virulence genes for dental caries prevention. 26733973 12 18 theme structural 2003:2012 arg1 characteristics 2014:2028 the structural characteristics 1999:2028 the structural characteristics of exopolysaccharide associated with cariogenicity, which may be explored as a potential target that contributes to dental caries management 1999:2169 Our results suggest that vicX gene modulates the structural characteristics of exopolysaccharide associated with cariogenicity, which may be explored as a potential target that contributes to dental caries management. 26733973 6 19 theme impaired 983:990 arg1 clusters 1024:1031 architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters 967:1031 architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters 967:1031 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms seemingly exhibited "desertification" with architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters, compared with the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain). 26733973 4 20 theme vicX 748:751 arg1 mutants 753:759 the vicX mutants 744:759 the vicX mutants 744:759 However, little is known regarding the vicX-modulated structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharides underlying the biofilm formation and the phenotypes of the vicX mutants. 26733973 10 21 theme several 1647:1653 arg1 shifts 1664:1669 several chemical shifts 1647:1669 several chemical shifts 1647:1669 We performed metabolite profiling via (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which showed that several chemical shifts were absent in both WSG and WIG of SmuvicX biofilms compared with the UA159 strain. 26733973 6 22 theme mutans 1069:1074 arg1 strain 1058:1063 the UA159 strain 1048:1063 the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain) 1048:1092 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms seemingly exhibited "desertification" with architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters, compared with the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain). 26733973 6 22 theme mutans 1069:1074 arg1 strain 1086:1091 S. mutans wild type strain 1066:1091 S. mutans wild type strain 1066:1091 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms seemingly exhibited "desertification" with architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters, compared with the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain). 26733973 8 23 theme molecular 1331:1339 arg1 weight 1341:1346 a much lower molecular weight 1318:1346 a much lower molecular weight 1318:1346 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that the WIG isolated from the SmuvicX biofilms had a much lower molecular weight compared with the UA159 strain indicating differences in polysaccharide chain lengths. 26733973 0 24 theme vicX 69:72 arg1 Gene 74:77 the Streptococcus mutans vicX Gene 44:77 the Streptococcus mutans vicX Gene 44:77 Modulation of Biofilm Exopolysaccharides by the Streptococcus mutans vicX Gene. 26733973 5 25 theme matrix 858:863 arg1 characteristics 817:831 the structural characteristics 802:831 the structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharide matrix 802:863 Here, we identified the role of vicX in the structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharide matrix and biofilm physiology. 26733973 13 26 theme structure 2281:2289 arg1 aspects 2266:2272 multiple aspects 2257:2272 multiple aspects of its structure (GPC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) 2257:2383 Furthermore, the methods used to purify the EPS of S. mutans biofilms and to analyze multiple aspects of its structure (GPC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) may be useful approaches to determine the roles of other virulence genes for dental caries prevention. 26733973 5 27 theme vicX 794:797 arg1 physiology 877:886 biofilm physiology 869:886 biofilm physiology 869:886 Here, we identified the role of vicX in the structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharide matrix and biofilm physiology. 26733973 5 27 theme vicX 794:797 arg1 role 786:789 the role 782:789 the role of vicX in the structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharide matrix 782:863 Here, we identified the role of vicX in the structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharide matrix and biofilm physiology. 26733973 13 28 theme chromatography-mass 2301:2319 arg1 spectrometry 2321:2332 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 2297:2332 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 2297:2332 Furthermore, the methods used to purify the EPS of S. mutans biofilms and to analyze multiple aspects of its structure (GPC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) may be useful approaches to determine the roles of other virulence genes for dental caries prevention. 26733973 6 29 theme UA159 1052:1056 arg1 strain 1058:1063 the UA159 strain 1048:1063 the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain) 1048:1092 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms seemingly exhibited "desertification" with architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters, compared with the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain). 26733973 6 29 theme UA159 1052:1056 arg1 strain 1086:1091 S. mutans wild type strain 1066:1091 S. mutans wild type strain 1066:1091 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms seemingly exhibited "desertification" with architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters, compared with the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain). 26733973 11 30 theme structural 1779:1788 arg1 characteristics 1790:1804 structural characteristics 1779:1804 structural characteristics of exopolysaccharide 1779:1825 Thus, the modulation of structural characteristics of exopolysaccharide by vicX provides new insights into the interaction between the exopolysaccharide structure, gene functions, and cariogenicity. 26733973 13 31 theme dental 2462:2467 arg1 prevention 2476:2485 dental caries prevention 2462:2485 dental caries prevention 2462:2485 Furthermore, the methods used to purify the EPS of S. mutans biofilms and to analyze multiple aspects of its structure (GPC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) may be useful approaches to determine the roles of other virulence genes for dental caries prevention. 26733973 12 32 theme dental 2146:2151 arg1 caries 2153:2158 dental caries 2146:2158 dental caries 2146:2158 Our results suggest that vicX gene modulates the structural characteristics of exopolysaccharide associated with cariogenicity, which may be explored as a potential target that contributes to dental caries management. 26733973 2 33 theme matrix 459:464 arg1 synthesis 466:474 biofilm matrix synthesis 451:474 biofilm matrix synthesis 451:474 The two-component system VicRK of S. mutans regulates a group of virulence genes that are associated with biofilm matrix synthesis. 26733973 13 34 theme other 2436:2440 arg1 genes 2452:2456 other virulence genes 2436:2456 other virulence genes 2436:2456 Furthermore, the methods used to purify the EPS of S. mutans biofilms and to analyze multiple aspects of its structure (GPC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) may be useful approaches to determine the roles of other virulence genes for dental caries prevention. 26733973 6 35 theme mutant 898:903 arg1 biofilms 915:922 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms 889:922 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms 889:922 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms seemingly exhibited "desertification" with architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters, compared with the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain). 26733973 7 36 from decrease 1127:1134 arg1 ratio 1216:1220 WIG/water-soluble glucan (WSG) ratio 1185:1220 WIG/water-soluble glucan (WSG) ratio 1185:1220 Concomitantly, SmuvicX showed a decrease in water-insoluble glucan (WIG) synthesis and in WIG/water-soluble glucan (WSG) ratio. 26733973 7 36 from decrease 1127:1134 arg1 synthesis 1168:1176 water-insoluble glucan (WIG) synthesis 1139:1176 water-insoluble glucan (WIG) synthesis 1139:1176 Concomitantly, SmuvicX showed a decrease in water-insoluble glucan (WIG) synthesis and in WIG/water-soluble glucan (WSG) ratio. 26733973 8 37 theme polysaccharide 1405:1418 arg1 lengths 1426:1432 polysaccharide chain lengths 1405:1432 polysaccharide chain lengths 1405:1432 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that the WIG isolated from the SmuvicX biofilms had a much lower molecular weight compared with the UA159 strain indicating differences in polysaccharide chain lengths. 26733973 10 38 theme SmuvicX 1706:1712 arg1 biofilms 1714:1721 SmuvicX biofilms 1706:1721 SmuvicX biofilms 1706:1721 We performed metabolite profiling via (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which showed that several chemical shifts were absent in both WSG and WIG of SmuvicX biofilms compared with the UA159 strain. 26733973 0 39 theme Biofilm 14:20 arg1 Exopolysaccharides 22:39 Biofilm Exopolysaccharides 14:39 Biofilm Exopolysaccharides 14:39 Modulation of Biofilm Exopolysaccharides by the Streptococcus mutans vicX Gene. 26733973 1 40 theme stress 297:302 arg1 tolerance 304:312 environmental stress tolerance 283:312 environmental stress tolerance 283:312 The cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans effectively utilizes dietary sucrose for the synthesis of exopolysaccharide, which act as a scaffold for its biofilm, thus contributing to its pathogenicity, environmental stress tolerance, and antimicrobial resistance. 26733973 13 41 theme genes 2452:2456 arg1 roles 2427:2431 the roles 2423:2431 the roles of other virulence genes for dental caries prevention 2423:2485 Furthermore, the methods used to purify the EPS of S. mutans biofilms and to analyze multiple aspects of its structure (GPC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) may be useful approaches to determine the roles of other virulence genes for dental caries prevention. 26733973 12 42 theme potential 2109:2117 arg1 target 2119:2124 a potential target 2107:2124 a potential target that contributes to dental caries management 2107:2169 Our results suggest that vicX gene modulates the structural characteristics of exopolysaccharide associated with cariogenicity, which may be explored as a potential target that contributes to dental caries management. 26733973 12 42 theme potential 2109:2117 arg1 cariogenicity 2067:2079 cariogenicity 2067:2079 cariogenicity 2067:2079 Our results suggest that vicX gene modulates the structural characteristics of exopolysaccharide associated with cariogenicity, which may be explored as a potential target that contributes to dental caries management. 26733973 2 43 theme genes 420:424 arg1 group 401:405 a group 399:405 a group of virulence genes that are associated with biofilm matrix synthesis 399:474 The two-component system VicRK of S. mutans regulates a group of virulence genes that are associated with biofilm matrix synthesis. 26733973 2 43 theme genes 420:424 arg1 genes 420:424 virulence genes 410:424 virulence genes that are associated with biofilm matrix synthesis 410:474 The two-component system VicRK of S. mutans regulates a group of virulence genes that are associated with biofilm matrix synthesis. 26733973 7 44 theme WIG/water-soluble 1185:1201 arg1 ratio 1216:1220 WIG/water-soluble glucan (WSG) ratio 1185:1220 WIG/water-soluble glucan (WSG) ratio 1185:1220 Concomitantly, SmuvicX showed a decrease in water-insoluble glucan (WIG) synthesis and in WIG/water-soluble glucan (WSG) ratio. 26733973 6 45 theme vicX 893:896 arg1 biofilms 915:922 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms 889:922 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms 889:922 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms seemingly exhibited "desertification" with architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters, compared with the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain). 26733973 6 46 theme type 1081:1084 arg1 strain 1058:1063 the UA159 strain 1048:1063 the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain) 1048:1092 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms seemingly exhibited "desertification" with architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters, compared with the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain). 26733973 6 46 theme type 1081:1084 arg1 strain 1086:1091 S. mutans wild type strain 1066:1091 S. mutans wild type strain 1066:1091 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms seemingly exhibited "desertification" with architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters, compared with the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain). 26733973 3 47 theme biofilm 502:508 arg1 formation 510:518 biofilm formation 502:518 biofilm formation 502:518 Knockout of vicX affects biofilm formation, oxidative stress tolerance, and transformation of S. mutans. 26733973 0 48 theme Streptococcus 48:60 arg1 Gene 74:77 the Streptococcus mutans vicX Gene 44:77 the Streptococcus mutans vicX Gene 44:77 Modulation of Biofilm Exopolysaccharides by the Streptococcus mutans vicX Gene. 26733973 1 49 theme antimicrobial 319:331 arg1 resistance 333:342 antimicrobial resistance 319:342 antimicrobial resistance 319:342 The cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans effectively utilizes dietary sucrose for the synthesis of exopolysaccharide, which act as a scaffold for its biofilm, thus contributing to its pathogenicity, environmental stress tolerance, and antimicrobial resistance. 26733973 10 50 from WSG 1691:1693 arg1 absent 1676:1681 absent 1676:1681 absent 1676:1681 We performed metabolite profiling via (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which showed that several chemical shifts were absent in both WSG and WIG of SmuvicX biofilms compared with the UA159 strain. 26733973 10 51 theme metabolite 1558:1567 arg1 profiling 1569:1577 metabolite profiling 1558:1577 metabolite profiling 1558:1577 We performed metabolite profiling via (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which showed that several chemical shifts were absent in both WSG and WIG of SmuvicX biofilms compared with the UA159 strain. 26733973 3 52 theme vicX 489:492 arg1 Knockout 477:484 Knockout 477:484 Knockout 477:484 Knockout of vicX affects biofilm formation, oxidative stress tolerance, and transformation of S. mutans. 26733973 10 53 from WIG 1699:1701 arg1 absent 1676:1681 absent 1676:1681 absent 1676:1681 We performed metabolite profiling via (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which showed that several chemical shifts were absent in both WSG and WIG of SmuvicX biofilms compared with the UA159 strain. 26733973 10 54 theme H 1586:1586 arg1 resonance 1605:1613 (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance 1583:1613 (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 1583:1626 We performed metabolite profiling via (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which showed that several chemical shifts were absent in both WSG and WIG of SmuvicX biofilms compared with the UA159 strain. 26733973 2 55 theme mutans 382:387 arg1 VicRK 370:374 The two-component system VicRK 345:374 The two-component system VicRK of S. mutans 345:387 The two-component system VicRK of S. mutans regulates a group of virulence genes that are associated with biofilm matrix synthesis. 26733973 13 56 theme biofilms 2233:2240 arg1 EPS 2216:2218 the EPS 2212:2218 the EPS of S. mutans biofilms 2212:2240 Furthermore, the methods used to purify the EPS of S. mutans biofilms and to analyze multiple aspects of its structure (GPC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) may be useful approaches to determine the roles of other virulence genes for dental caries prevention. 26733973 0 57 theme mutans 62:67 arg1 Gene 74:77 the Streptococcus mutans vicX Gene 44:77 the Streptococcus mutans vicX Gene 44:77 Modulation of Biofilm Exopolysaccharides by the Streptococcus mutans vicX Gene. 26733973 4 58 theme vicX-modulated 621:634 arg1 characteristics 647:661 the vicX-modulated structural characteristics 617:661 the vicX-modulated structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharides underlying the biofilm formation and the phenotypes of the vicX mutants 617:759 However, little is known regarding the vicX-modulated structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharides underlying the biofilm formation and the phenotypes of the vicX mutants. 26733973 7 59 theme WIG 1163:1165 arg1 synthesis 1168:1176 water-insoluble glucan (WIG) synthesis 1139:1176 water-insoluble glucan (WIG) synthesis 1139:1176 Concomitantly, SmuvicX showed a decrease in water-insoluble glucan (WIG) synthesis and in WIG/water-soluble glucan (WSG) ratio. 26733973 9 60 theme monosaccharide 1437:1450 arg1 analysis 1464:1471 A monosaccharide composition analysis 1435:1471 A monosaccharide composition analysis 1435:1471 A monosaccharide composition analysis demonstrated the importance of the vicX gene in the glucose metabolism. 26733973 7 61 theme glucan 1155:1160 arg1 synthesis 1168:1176 water-insoluble glucan (WIG) synthesis 1139:1176 water-insoluble glucan (WIG) synthesis 1139:1176 Concomitantly, SmuvicX showed a decrease in water-insoluble glucan (WIG) synthesis and in WIG/water-soluble glucan (WSG) ratio. 26733973 10 62 theme magnetic 1596:1603 arg1 resonance 1605:1613 (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance 1583:1613 (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 1583:1626 We performed metabolite profiling via (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which showed that several chemical shifts were absent in both WSG and WIG of SmuvicX biofilms compared with the UA159 strain. 26733973 2 63 theme system 363:368 arg1 VicRK 370:374 The two-component system VicRK 345:374 The two-component system VicRK of S. mutans 345:387 The two-component system VicRK of S. mutans regulates a group of virulence genes that are associated with biofilm matrix synthesis. 26733973 8 64 attach isolated 1279:1286 arg1 biofilms 1305:1312 the SmuvicX biofilms 1293:1312 the SmuvicX biofilms 1293:1312 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that the WIG isolated from the SmuvicX biofilms had a much lower molecular weight compared with the UA159 strain indicating differences in polysaccharide chain lengths. 26733973 8 64 attach isolated 1279:1286 arg2 WIG 1275:1277 the WIG 1271:1277 the WIG isolated from the SmuvicX biofilms 1271:1312 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that the WIG isolated from the SmuvicX biofilms had a much lower molecular weight compared with the UA159 strain indicating differences in polysaccharide chain lengths. 26733973 1 65 theme exopolysaccharide 183:199 arg1 synthesis 170:178 the synthesis 166:178 the synthesis of exopolysaccharide 166:199 The cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans effectively utilizes dietary sucrose for the synthesis of exopolysaccharide, which act as a scaffold for its biofilm, thus contributing to its pathogenicity, environmental stress tolerance, and antimicrobial resistance. 26733973 13 66 theme multiple 2257:2264 arg1 aspects 2266:2272 multiple aspects 2257:2272 multiple aspects of its structure (GPC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) 2257:2383 Furthermore, the methods used to purify the EPS of S. mutans biofilms and to analyze multiple aspects of its structure (GPC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) may be useful approaches to determine the roles of other virulence genes for dental caries prevention. 26733973 13 67 theme magnetic 2352:2359 arg1 resonance 2361:2369 (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance 2339:2369 (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 2339:2382 Furthermore, the methods used to purify the EPS of S. mutans biofilms and to analyze multiple aspects of its structure (GPC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) may be useful approaches to determine the roles of other virulence genes for dental caries prevention. 26733973 4 68 theme biofilm 704:710 arg1 formation 712:720 the biofilm formation 700:720 the biofilm formation 700:720 However, little is known regarding the vicX-modulated structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharides underlying the biofilm formation and the phenotypes of the vicX mutants. 26733973 11 69 theme new 1844:1846 arg1 insights 1848:1855 new insights 1844:1855 new insights into the interaction between the exopolysaccharide structure, gene functions, and cariogenicity 1844:1951 Thus, the modulation of structural characteristics of exopolysaccharide by vicX provides new insights into the interaction between the exopolysaccharide structure, gene functions, and cariogenicity. 26733973 9 70 theme vicX 1508:1511 arg1 gene 1513:1516 the vicX gene 1504:1516 the vicX gene 1504:1516 A monosaccharide composition analysis demonstrated the importance of the vicX gene in the glucose metabolism. 26733973 8 71 theme Gel 1223:1225 arg1 GPC 1254:1256 GPC 1254:1256 GPC 1254:1256 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that the WIG isolated from the SmuvicX biofilms had a much lower molecular weight compared with the UA159 strain indicating differences in polysaccharide chain lengths. 26733973 8 71 theme Gel 1223:1225 arg1 chromatography 1238:1251 Gel permeation chromatography 1223:1251 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) 1223:1257 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that the WIG isolated from the SmuvicX biofilms had a much lower molecular weight compared with the UA159 strain indicating differences in polysaccharide chain lengths. 26733973 11 72 theme exopolysaccharide 1890:1906 arg1 structure 1908:1916 the exopolysaccharide structure 1886:1916 the exopolysaccharide structure 1886:1916 Thus, the modulation of structural characteristics of exopolysaccharide by vicX provides new insights into the interaction between the exopolysaccharide structure, gene functions, and cariogenicity. 26733973 13 73 theme H 2342:2342 arg1 resonance 2361:2369 (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance 2339:2369 (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 2339:2382 Furthermore, the methods used to purify the EPS of S. mutans biofilms and to analyze multiple aspects of its structure (GPC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) may be useful approaches to determine the roles of other virulence genes for dental caries prevention. 26733973 6 74 theme exopolysaccharide-enmeshed 992:1017 arg1 clusters 1024:1031 architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters 967:1031 architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters 967:1031 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms seemingly exhibited "desertification" with architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters, compared with the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain). 26733973 10 75 theme chemical 1655:1662 arg1 shifts 1664:1669 several chemical shifts 1647:1669 several chemical shifts 1647:1669 We performed metabolite profiling via (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which showed that several chemical shifts were absent in both WSG and WIG of SmuvicX biofilms compared with the UA159 strain. 26733973 9 76 theme glucose 1525:1531 arg1 metabolism 1533:1542 the glucose metabolism 1521:1542 the glucose metabolism 1521:1542 A monosaccharide composition analysis demonstrated the importance of the vicX gene in the glucose metabolism. 26733973 7 77 theme glucan 1203:1208 arg1 ratio 1216:1220 WIG/water-soluble glucan (WSG) ratio 1185:1220 WIG/water-soluble glucan (WSG) ratio 1185:1220 Concomitantly, SmuvicX showed a decrease in water-insoluble glucan (WIG) synthesis and in WIG/water-soluble glucan (WSG) ratio. 26733973 10 78 dep H 1586:1586 arg1 1 1584:1584 1 1584:1584 1 1584:1584 We performed metabolite profiling via (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which showed that several chemical shifts were absent in both WSG and WIG of SmuvicX biofilms compared with the UA159 strain. 26733973 1 79 theme dietary 146:152 arg1 sucrose 154:160 dietary sucrose 146:160 dietary sucrose 146:160 The cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans effectively utilizes dietary sucrose for the synthesis of exopolysaccharide, which act as a scaffold for its biofilm, thus contributing to its pathogenicity, environmental stress tolerance, and antimicrobial resistance. 26733973 1 79 theme dietary 146:152 arg1 scaffold 217:224 a scaffold 215:224 a scaffold for its biofilm 215:240 The cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans effectively utilizes dietary sucrose for the synthesis of exopolysaccharide, which act as a scaffold for its biofilm, thus contributing to its pathogenicity, environmental stress tolerance, and antimicrobial resistance. 26733973 6 80 theme wild 1076:1079 arg1 strain 1058:1063 the UA159 strain 1048:1063 the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain) 1048:1092 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms seemingly exhibited "desertification" with architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters, compared with the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain). 26733973 6 80 theme wild 1076:1079 arg1 strain 1086:1091 S. mutans wild type strain 1066:1091 S. mutans wild type strain 1066:1091 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms seemingly exhibited "desertification" with architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters, compared with the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain). 26733973 8 81 contain had 1314:1316 arg2 weight 1341:1346 a much lower molecular weight 1318:1346 a much lower molecular weight 1318:1346 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that the WIG isolated from the SmuvicX biofilms had a much lower molecular weight compared with the UA159 strain indicating differences in polysaccharide chain lengths. 26733973 8 81 contain had 1314:1316 arg1 WIG 1275:1277 the WIG 1271:1277 the WIG isolated from the SmuvicX biofilms 1271:1312 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that the WIG isolated from the SmuvicX biofilms had a much lower molecular weight compared with the UA159 strain indicating differences in polysaccharide chain lengths. 26733973 4 82 theme mutants 753:759 arg1 phenotypes 730:739 the phenotypes 726:739 the phenotypes of the vicX mutants 726:759 However, little is known regarding the vicX-modulated structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharides underlying the biofilm formation and the phenotypes of the vicX mutants. 26733973 4 82 theme mutants 753:759 arg1 formation 712:720 the biofilm formation 700:720 the biofilm formation 700:720 However, little is known regarding the vicX-modulated structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharides underlying the biofilm formation and the phenotypes of the vicX mutants. 26733973 5 83 from role 786:789 arg1 characteristics 817:831 the structural characteristics 802:831 the structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharide matrix 802:863 Here, we identified the role of vicX in the structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharide matrix and biofilm physiology. 26733973 6 84 theme S. 1066:1067 arg1 strain 1058:1063 the UA159 strain 1048:1063 the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain) 1048:1092 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms seemingly exhibited "desertification" with architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters, compared with the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain). 26733973 6 84 theme S. 1066:1067 arg1 strain 1086:1091 S. mutans wild type strain 1066:1091 S. mutans wild type strain 1066:1091 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms seemingly exhibited "desertification" with architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters, compared with the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain). 26733973 13 85 dep structure 2281:2289 arg1 GPC 2292:2294 GPC 2292:2294 GPC 2292:2294 Furthermore, the methods used to purify the EPS of S. mutans biofilms and to analyze multiple aspects of its structure (GPC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) may be useful approaches to determine the roles of other virulence genes for dental caries prevention. 26733973 13 85 dep structure 2281:2289 arg1 spectroscopy 2371:2382 (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 2339:2382 (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 2339:2382 Furthermore, the methods used to purify the EPS of S. mutans biofilms and to analyze multiple aspects of its structure (GPC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) may be useful approaches to determine the roles of other virulence genes for dental caries prevention. 26733973 13 85 dep structure 2281:2289 arg1 spectrometry 2321:2332 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 2297:2332 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 2297:2332 Furthermore, the methods used to purify the EPS of S. mutans biofilms and to analyze multiple aspects of its structure (GPC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) may be useful approaches to determine the roles of other virulence genes for dental caries prevention. 26733973 12 86 theme exopolysaccharide 2033:2049 arg1 characteristics 2014:2028 the structural characteristics 1999:2028 the structural characteristics of exopolysaccharide associated with cariogenicity, which may be explored as a potential target that contributes to dental caries management 1999:2169 Our results suggest that vicX gene modulates the structural characteristics of exopolysaccharide associated with cariogenicity, which may be explored as a potential target that contributes to dental caries management. 26733973 8 87 theme lower 1325:1329 arg1 weight 1341:1346 a much lower molecular weight 1318:1346 a much lower molecular weight 1318:1346 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that the WIG isolated from the SmuvicX biofilms had a much lower molecular weight compared with the UA159 strain indicating differences in polysaccharide chain lengths. 26733973 11 88 theme gene 1919:1922 arg1 functions 1924:1932 gene functions 1919:1932 gene functions 1919:1932 Thus, the modulation of structural characteristics of exopolysaccharide by vicX provides new insights into the interaction between the exopolysaccharide structure, gene functions, and cariogenicity. 26733973 13 89 theme gas 2297:2299 arg1 spectrometry 2321:2332 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 2297:2332 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 2297:2332 Furthermore, the methods used to purify the EPS of S. mutans biofilms and to analyze multiple aspects of its structure (GPC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) may be useful approaches to determine the roles of other virulence genes for dental caries prevention. 26733973 1 90 dep pathogen 95:102 arg1 mutans 118:123 Streptococcus mutans 104:123 The cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans 80:123 The cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans effectively utilizes dietary sucrose for the synthesis of exopolysaccharide, which act as a scaffold for its biofilm, thus contributing to its pathogenicity, environmental stress tolerance, and antimicrobial resistance. 26733973 11 91 theme exopolysaccharide 1809:1825 arg1 characteristics 1790:1804 structural characteristics 1779:1804 structural characteristics of exopolysaccharide 1779:1825 Thus, the modulation of structural characteristics of exopolysaccharide by vicX provides new insights into the interaction between the exopolysaccharide structure, gene functions, and cariogenicity. 26733973 12 92 theme vicX 1979:1982 arg1 gene 1984:1987 vicX gene 1979:1987 vicX gene 1979:1987 Our results suggest that vicX gene modulates the structural characteristics of exopolysaccharide associated with cariogenicity, which may be explored as a potential target that contributes to dental caries management. 26733973 11 93 theme characteristics 1790:1804 arg1 modulation 1765:1774 the modulation 1761:1774 the modulation of structural characteristics of exopolysaccharide by vicX 1761:1833 Thus, the modulation of structural characteristics of exopolysaccharide by vicX provides new insights into the interaction between the exopolysaccharide structure, gene functions, and cariogenicity. 26733973 9 94 theme gene 1513:1516 arg1 importance 1490:1499 the importance 1486:1499 the importance of the vicX gene in the glucose metabolism 1486:1542 A monosaccharide composition analysis demonstrated the importance of the vicX gene in the glucose metabolism. 26733973 13 95 theme caries 2469:2474 arg1 prevention 2476:2485 dental caries prevention 2462:2485 dental caries prevention 2462:2485 Furthermore, the methods used to purify the EPS of S. mutans biofilms and to analyze multiple aspects of its structure (GPC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) may be useful approaches to determine the roles of other virulence genes for dental caries prevention. 26733973 8 96 theme UA159 1366:1370 arg1 strain 1372:1377 the UA159 strain 1362:1377 the UA159 strain 1362:1377 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that the WIG isolated from the SmuvicX biofilms had a much lower molecular weight compared with the UA159 strain indicating differences in polysaccharide chain lengths. 26733973 7 97 theme WSG 1211:1213 arg1 ratio 1216:1220 WIG/water-soluble glucan (WSG) ratio 1185:1220 WIG/water-soluble glucan (WSG) ratio 1185:1220 Concomitantly, SmuvicX showed a decrease in water-insoluble glucan (WIG) synthesis and in WIG/water-soluble glucan (WSG) ratio. 26733973 1 98 theme cariogenic 84:93 arg1 pathogen 95:102 The cariogenic pathogen 80:102 The cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans 80:123 The cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans effectively utilizes dietary sucrose for the synthesis of exopolysaccharide, which act as a scaffold for its biofilm, thus contributing to its pathogenicity, environmental stress tolerance, and antimicrobial resistance. 26733973 2 99 theme biofilm 451:457 arg1 synthesis 466:474 biofilm matrix synthesis 451:474 biofilm matrix synthesis 451:474 The two-component system VicRK of S. mutans regulates a group of virulence genes that are associated with biofilm matrix synthesis. 26733973 0 100 theme Exopolysaccharides 22:39 arg1 Modulation 0:9 Modulation 0:9 Modulation of Biofilm Exopolysaccharides by the Streptococcus mutans vicX Gene. 0:78 Modulation of Biofilm Exopolysaccharides by the Streptococcus mutans vicX Gene. 26733973 1 101 theme environmental 283:295 arg1 tolerance 304:312 environmental stress tolerance 283:312 environmental stress tolerance 283:312 The cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans effectively utilizes dietary sucrose for the synthesis of exopolysaccharide, which act as a scaffold for its biofilm, thus contributing to its pathogenicity, environmental stress tolerance, and antimicrobial resistance. 26733973 13 102 theme virulence 2442:2450 arg1 genes 2452:2456 other virulence genes 2436:2456 other virulence genes 2436:2456 Furthermore, the methods used to purify the EPS of S. mutans biofilms and to analyze multiple aspects of its structure (GPC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) may be useful approaches to determine the roles of other virulence genes for dental caries prevention. 26733973 3 103 theme stress 531:536 arg1 tolerance 538:546 oxidative stress tolerance 521:546 oxidative stress tolerance 521:546 Knockout of vicX affects biofilm formation, oxidative stress tolerance, and transformation of S. mutans. 26733973 8 104 theme SmuvicX 1297:1303 arg1 biofilms 1305:1312 the SmuvicX biofilms 1293:1312 the SmuvicX biofilms 1293:1312 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that the WIG isolated from the SmuvicX biofilms had a much lower molecular weight compared with the UA159 strain indicating differences in polysaccharide chain lengths. 26733973 8 105 theme chain 1420:1424 arg1 lengths 1426:1432 polysaccharide chain lengths 1405:1432 polysaccharide chain lengths 1405:1432 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that the WIG isolated from the SmuvicX biofilms had a much lower molecular weight compared with the UA159 strain indicating differences in polysaccharide chain lengths. 26733973 2 106 theme virulence 410:418 arg1 genes 420:424 virulence genes 410:424 virulence genes that are associated with biofilm matrix synthesis 410:474 The two-component system VicRK of S. mutans regulates a group of virulence genes that are associated with biofilm matrix synthesis. 26733973 5 107 theme structural 806:815 arg1 characteristics 817:831 the structural characteristics 802:831 the structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharide matrix 802:863 Here, we identified the role of vicX in the structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharide matrix and biofilm physiology. 26733973 10 108 from absent 1676:1681 arg1 WIG 1699:1701 WIG 1699:1701 WIG 1699:1701 We performed metabolite profiling via (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which showed that several chemical shifts were absent in both WSG and WIG of SmuvicX biofilms compared with the UA159 strain. 26733973 10 108 from absent 1676:1681 arg1 WSG 1691:1693 WSG 1691:1693 WSG 1691:1693 We performed metabolite profiling via (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which showed that several chemical shifts were absent in both WSG and WIG of SmuvicX biofilms compared with the UA159 strain. 26733973 2 109 theme two-component 349:361 arg1 VicRK 370:374 The two-component system VicRK 345:374 The two-component system VicRK of S. mutans 345:387 The two-component system VicRK of S. mutans regulates a group of virulence genes that are associated with biofilm matrix synthesis. 26733973 6 110 with " 960:960 arg1 clusters 1024:1031 architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters 967:1031 architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters 967:1031 The vicX mutant (SmuvicX) biofilms seemingly exhibited "desertification" with architecturally impaired exopolysaccharide-enmeshed cell clusters, compared with the UA159 strain (S. mutans wild type strain). 26733973 10 111 theme biofilms 1714:1721 arg1 WIG 1699:1701 WIG 1699:1701 WIG 1699:1701 We performed metabolite profiling via (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which showed that several chemical shifts were absent in both WSG and WIG of SmuvicX biofilms compared with the UA159 strain. 26733973 10 111 theme biofilms 1714:1721 arg1 WSG 1691:1693 WSG 1691:1693 WSG 1691:1693 We performed metabolite profiling via (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which showed that several chemical shifts were absent in both WSG and WIG of SmuvicX biofilms compared with the UA159 strain. 26733973 13 112 theme mutans 2226:2231 arg1 biofilms 2233:2240 S. mutans biofilms 2223:2240 S. mutans biofilms 2223:2240 Furthermore, the methods used to purify the EPS of S. mutans biofilms and to analyze multiple aspects of its structure (GPC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) may be useful approaches to determine the roles of other virulence genes for dental caries prevention. 26733973 4 113 theme structural 636:645 arg1 characteristics 647:661 the vicX-modulated structural characteristics 617:661 the vicX-modulated structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharides underlying the biofilm formation and the phenotypes of the vicX mutants 617:759 However, little is known regarding the vicX-modulated structural characteristics of the exopolysaccharides underlying the biofilm formation and the phenotypes of the vicX mutants. 28829073 0 0 theme ultrasensitive 86:99 arg1 detection 101:109 ultrasensitive detection 86:109 ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A 86:125 Rare Co/Fe-MOFs exhibiting high catalytic activity in electrochemical aptasensors for ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A. 28829073 0 1 theme ochratoxin 114:123 arg1 A 125:125 ochratoxin A 114:125 ochratoxin A 114:125 Rare Co/Fe-MOFs exhibiting high catalytic activity in electrochemical aptasensors for ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A. 28829073 2 2 theme prism 320:324 arg1 structures 326:335 their μ3-O linked trigonal prism structures 293:335 their μ3-O linked trigonal prism structures 293:335 The catalytic abilities of MOFs depend strongly on their μ3-O linked trigonal prism structures. 28829073 3 3 theme electrocatalysis 394:409 arg1 high-performance 374:389 the high-performance 370:389 the high-performance of electrocatalysis towards thionine for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of ochratoxin A 370:487 Using NH2-Co-MOF as an example, the high-performance of electrocatalysis towards thionine for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of ochratoxin A is first established. 28829073 2 4 theme trigonal 311:318 arg1 structures 326:335 their μ3-O linked trigonal prism structures 293:335 their μ3-O linked trigonal prism structures 293:335 The catalytic abilities of MOFs depend strongly on their μ3-O linked trigonal prism structures. 28829073 2 5 theme linked 304:309 arg1 structures 326:335 their μ3-O linked trigonal prism structures 293:335 their μ3-O linked trigonal prism structures 293:335 The catalytic abilities of MOFs depend strongly on their μ3-O linked trigonal prism structures. 28829073 1 6 theme electrocatalytic 200:215 arg1 activities 217:226 intrinsic electrocatalytic activities 190:226 intrinsic electrocatalytic activities for thionine 190:239 Here we report a surprising discovery that Co/Fe-MOFs possess intrinsic electrocatalytic activities for thionine. 28829073 0 7 theme A 125:125 arg1 detection 101:109 ultrasensitive detection 86:109 ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A 86:125 Rare Co/Fe-MOFs exhibiting high catalytic activity in electrochemical aptasensors for ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A. 28829073 0 8 from activity 42:49 arg1 aptasensors 70:80 electrochemical aptasensors 54:80 electrochemical aptasensors 54:80 Rare Co/Fe-MOFs exhibiting high catalytic activity in electrochemical aptasensors for ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A. 28829073 3 9 theme ultrasensitive 432:445 arg1 detection 463:471 ultrasensitive electrochemical detection 432:471 ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of ochratoxin A 432:487 Using NH2-Co-MOF as an example, the high-performance of electrocatalysis towards thionine for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of ochratoxin A is first established. 28829073 1 10 theme intrinsic 190:198 arg1 activities 217:226 intrinsic electrocatalytic activities 190:226 intrinsic electrocatalytic activities for thionine 190:239 Here we report a surprising discovery that Co/Fe-MOFs possess intrinsic electrocatalytic activities for thionine. 28829073 3 11 theme A 487:487 arg1 detection 463:471 ultrasensitive electrochemical detection 432:471 ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of ochratoxin A 432:487 Using NH2-Co-MOF as an example, the high-performance of electrocatalysis towards thionine for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of ochratoxin A is first established. 28829073 0 12 theme Rare 0:3 arg1 Co/Fe-MOFs 5:14 Rare Co/Fe-MOFs 0:14 Rare Co/Fe-MOFs 0:14 Rare Co/Fe-MOFs exhibiting high catalytic activity in electrochemical aptasensors for ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A. 28829073 2 13 link linked 304:309 arg1 structures 326:335 their μ3-O linked trigonal prism structures 293:335 their μ3-O linked trigonal prism structures 293:335 The catalytic abilities of MOFs depend strongly on their μ3-O linked trigonal prism structures. 28829073 0 14 theme high 27:30 arg1 activity 42:49 high catalytic activity 27:49 high catalytic activity in electrochemical aptasensors for ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A 27:125 Rare Co/Fe-MOFs exhibiting high catalytic activity in electrochemical aptasensors for ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A. 28829073 1 15 dep discovery 156:164 arg1 possess 182:188 possess 182:188 possess intrinsic electrocatalytic activities for thionine 182:239 Here we report a surprising discovery that Co/Fe-MOFs possess intrinsic electrocatalytic activities for thionine. 28829073 2 16 theme MOFs 269:272 arg1 abilities 256:264 The catalytic abilities 242:264 The catalytic abilities of MOFs 242:272 The catalytic abilities of MOFs depend strongly on their μ3-O linked trigonal prism structures. 28829073 0 17 theme catalytic 32:40 arg1 activity 42:49 high catalytic activity 27:49 high catalytic activity in electrochemical aptasensors for ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A 27:125 Rare Co/Fe-MOFs exhibiting high catalytic activity in electrochemical aptasensors for ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A. 28829073 3 18 theme ochratoxin 476:485 arg1 A 487:487 ochratoxin A 476:487 ochratoxin A 476:487 Using NH2-Co-MOF as an example, the high-performance of electrocatalysis towards thionine for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of ochratoxin A is first established. 28829073 0 19 theme electrochemical 54:68 arg1 aptasensors 70:80 electrochemical aptasensors 54:80 electrochemical aptasensors 54:80 Rare Co/Fe-MOFs exhibiting high catalytic activity in electrochemical aptasensors for ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A. 28829073 1 20 contain possess 182:188 arg2 activities 217:226 intrinsic electrocatalytic activities 190:226 intrinsic electrocatalytic activities for thionine 190:239 Here we report a surprising discovery that Co/Fe-MOFs possess intrinsic electrocatalytic activities for thionine. 28829073 1 20 contain possess 182:188 arg1 Co/Fe-MOFs 171:180 Co/Fe-MOFs 171:180 Co/Fe-MOFs 171:180 Here we report a surprising discovery that Co/Fe-MOFs possess intrinsic electrocatalytic activities for thionine. 28829073 2 21 theme catalytic 246:254 arg1 abilities 256:264 The catalytic abilities 242:264 The catalytic abilities of MOFs 242:272 The catalytic abilities of MOFs depend strongly on their μ3-O linked trigonal prism structures. 28829073 1 22 theme surprising 145:154 arg1 discovery 156:164 a surprising discovery 143:164 a surprising discovery that Co/Fe-MOFs possess intrinsic electrocatalytic activities for thionine 143:239 Here we report a surprising discovery that Co/Fe-MOFs possess intrinsic electrocatalytic activities for thionine. 28829073 3 23 theme electrochemical 447:461 arg1 detection 463:471 ultrasensitive electrochemical detection 432:471 ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of ochratoxin A 432:487 Using NH2-Co-MOF as an example, the high-performance of electrocatalysis towards thionine for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of ochratoxin A is first established. 28809486 1 0 attach attachment 164:173 arg2 glycans 178:184 glycans 178:184 glycans 178:184 N-glycosylation, the covalent attachment of glycans to select protein target Asn residues, is a post-translational modification performed by all three domains of life. 28809486 1 0 attach attachment 164:173 arg1 residues 215:222 select protein target Asn residues 189:222 select protein target Asn residues 189:222 N-glycosylation, the covalent attachment of glycans to select protein target Asn residues, is a post-translational modification performed by all three domains of life. 28809486 1 1 theme life 296:299 arg1 domains 285:291 all three domains 275:291 all three domains of life 275:299 N-glycosylation, the covalent attachment of glycans to select protein target Asn residues, is a post-translational modification performed by all three domains of life. 28809486 1 1 theme life 296:299 arg1 life 296:299 life 296:299 life 296:299 N-glycosylation, the covalent attachment of glycans to select protein target Asn residues, is a post-translational modification performed by all three domains of life. 28809486 2 2 link N-linked 567:574 arg1 pentasaccharide 576:590 an N-linked pentasaccharide 564:590 an N-linked pentasaccharide 564:590 In the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii, in which understanding of this universal protein-processing event is relatively well-advanced, genes encoding the components of the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway responsible for the assembly and attachment of an N-linked pentasaccharide have been identified. 28809486 1 3 theme target 204:209 arg1 residues 215:222 select protein target Asn residues 189:222 select protein target Asn residues 189:222 N-glycosylation, the covalent attachment of glycans to select protein target Asn residues, is a post-translational modification performed by all three domains of life. 28809486 7 4 theme regio- 1164:1169 arg1 reduction 1191:1199 a novel regio- and stereoselective reduction 1156:1199 a novel regio- and stereoselective reduction of naturally isolated polyprenol 1156:1232 Accordingly, a novel regio- and stereoselective reduction of naturally isolated polyprenol gave facile access to S-dolichol via asymmetric transfer hydrogenation under very mild conditions. 28809486 11 5 theme such 1820:1823 arg1 tool 1825:1828 the first such tool 1810:1828 the first such tool for studying halophilic glycosyltransferases 1810:1873 The in vitro system for the study of AglG activity developed here represents the first such tool for studying halophilic glycosyltransferases and will allow for a detailed understanding of archaeal N-glycosylation. 28809486 2 6 theme archaea 320:326 arg1 volcanii 338:345 the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii 305:345 the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii 305:345 In the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii, in which understanding of this universal protein-processing event is relatively well-advanced, genes encoding the components of the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway responsible for the assembly and attachment of an N-linked pentasaccharide have been identified. 28809486 2 7 theme pentasaccharide 576:590 arg1 attachment 550:559 attachment 550:559 attachment 550:559 In the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii, in which understanding of this universal protein-processing event is relatively well-advanced, genes encoding the components of the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway responsible for the assembly and attachment of an N-linked pentasaccharide have been identified. 28809486 2 7 theme pentasaccharide 576:590 arg1 assembly 537:544 the assembly 533:544 the assembly 533:544 In the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii, in which understanding of this universal protein-processing event is relatively well-advanced, genes encoding the components of the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway responsible for the assembly and attachment of an N-linked pentasaccharide have been identified. 28809486 10 8 theme UDP 1656:1658 arg1 acid 1672:1675 uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronic acid 1635:1675 uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronic acid 1635:1675 volcanii membranes in hypersaline conditions, like those encountered in situ, was subsequently combined with uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronic acid and DolP-glucose to yield DolP-glucose-glucuronic acid. 28809486 5 9 theme dolichol 869:876 arg1 DolP 889:892 DolP 889:892 DolP 889:892 volcanii Agl pathway at the protein level, the seemingly unique ability of Archaea to use dolichol phosphate (DolP) as the glycan lipid carrier, rather than dolichol pyrophosphate used by eukaryotes, remains poorly understood. 28809486 5 9 theme dolichol 869:876 arg1 carrier 915:921 the glycan lipid carrier 898:921 the glycan lipid carrier 898:921 volcanii Agl pathway at the protein level, the seemingly unique ability of Archaea to use dolichol phosphate (DolP) as the glycan lipid carrier, rather than dolichol pyrophosphate used by eukaryotes, remains poorly understood. 28809486 5 9 theme dolichol 869:876 arg1 phosphate 878:886 dolichol phosphate 869:886 dolichol phosphate (DolP) 869:893 volcanii Agl pathway at the protein level, the seemingly unique ability of Archaea to use dolichol phosphate (DolP) as the glycan lipid carrier, rather than dolichol pyrophosphate used by eukaryotes, remains poorly understood. 28809486 8 10 theme DolP-glucuronic 1479:1493 arg1 acid 1495:1498 DolP-glucuronic acid 1479:1498 DolP-glucuronic acid 1479:1498 This compound was used to generate glucose-charged DolP, a precursor of the N-linked pentasaccharide, as well as DolP-glucose-glucuronic acid and DolP-glucuronic acid. 28809486 10 11 theme diphosphate 1643:1653 arg1 acid 1672:1675 uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronic acid 1635:1675 uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronic acid 1635:1675 volcanii membranes in hypersaline conditions, like those encountered in situ, was subsequently combined with uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronic acid and DolP-glucose to yield DolP-glucose-glucuronic acid. 28809486 11 12 theme halophilic 1843:1852 arg1 glycosyltransferases 1854:1873 halophilic glycosyltransferases 1843:1873 halophilic glycosyltransferases 1843:1873 The in vitro system for the study of AglG activity developed here represents the first such tool for studying halophilic glycosyltransferases and will allow for a detailed understanding of archaeal N-glycosylation. 28809486 11 13 theme activity 1775:1782 arg1 study 1761:1765 the study 1757:1765 the study of AglG activity 1757:1782 The in vitro system for the study of AglG activity developed here represents the first such tool for studying halophilic glycosyltransferases and will allow for a detailed understanding of archaeal N-glycosylation. 28809486 8 14 used used 1351:1354 arg2 compound 1338:1345 This compound 1333:1345 This compound 1333:1345 This compound was used to generate glucose-charged DolP, a precursor of the N-linked pentasaccharide, as well as DolP-glucose-glucuronic acid and DolP-glucuronic acid. 28809486 7 15 theme facile 1239:1244 arg1 access 1246:1251 facile access 1239:1251 facile access to S-dolichol 1239:1265 Accordingly, a novel regio- and stereoselective reduction of naturally isolated polyprenol gave facile access to S-dolichol via asymmetric transfer hydrogenation under very mild conditions. 28809486 0 16 theme Dolichol 26:33 arg1 Phosphates 35:44 Glycan-Charged Dolichol Phosphates 11:44 Glycan-Charged Dolichol Phosphates 11:44 Assembling Glycan-Charged Dolichol Phosphates: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Haloferax volcanii N-Glycosylation Pathway Intermediate. 28809486 1 17 theme glycans 178:184 arg1 attachment 164:173 the covalent attachment 151:173 the covalent attachment of glycans to select protein target Asn residues 151:222 N-glycosylation, the covalent attachment of glycans to select protein target Asn residues, is a post-translational modification performed by all three domains of life. 28809486 1 17 theme glycans 178:184 arg1 N-glycosylation 134:148 N-glycosylation 134:148 N-glycosylation 134:148 N-glycosylation, the covalent attachment of glycans to select protein target Asn residues, is a post-translational modification performed by all three domains of life. 28809486 0 18 theme volcanii 87:94 arg1 Intermediate 120:131 a Haloferax volcanii N-Glycosylation Pathway Intermediate 75:131 a Haloferax volcanii N-Glycosylation Pathway Intermediate 75:131 Assembling Glycan-Charged Dolichol Phosphates: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Haloferax volcanii N-Glycosylation Pathway Intermediate. 28809486 1 19 theme select 189:194 arg1 residues 215:222 select protein target Asn residues 189:222 select protein target Asn residues 189:222 N-glycosylation, the covalent attachment of glycans to select protein target Asn residues, is a post-translational modification performed by all three domains of life. 28809486 10 20 from membranes 1535:1543 arg1 conditions 1560:1569 hypersaline conditions 1548:1569 hypersaline conditions 1548:1569 volcanii membranes in hypersaline conditions, like those encountered in situ, was subsequently combined with uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronic acid and DolP-glucose to yield DolP-glucose-glucuronic acid. 28809486 3 21 theme phosphodolichol 664:678 arg1 carriers 680:687 phosphodolichol carriers 664:687 phosphodolichol carriers before transfer to target Asn residues 664:726 As elsewhere, the N-linked glycan is assembled on phosphodolichol carriers before transfer to target Asn residues. 28809486 0 22 theme Pathway 112:118 arg1 Intermediate 120:131 a Haloferax volcanii N-Glycosylation Pathway Intermediate 75:131 a Haloferax volcanii N-Glycosylation Pathway Intermediate 75:131 Assembling Glycan-Charged Dolichol Phosphates: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Haloferax volcanii N-Glycosylation Pathway Intermediate. 28809486 5 23 theme volcanii 779:786 arg1 pathway 792:798 volcanii Agl pathway 779:798 volcanii Agl pathway at the protein level 779:819 volcanii Agl pathway at the protein level, the seemingly unique ability of Archaea to use dolichol phosphate (DolP) as the glycan lipid carrier, rather than dolichol pyrophosphate used by eukaryotes, remains poorly understood. 28809486 5 24 theme protein 807:813 arg1 level 815:819 the protein level 803:819 the protein level 803:819 volcanii Agl pathway at the protein level, the seemingly unique ability of Archaea to use dolichol phosphate (DolP) as the glycan lipid carrier, rather than dolichol pyrophosphate used by eukaryotes, remains poorly understood. 28809486 2 25 theme glycosylation 489:501 arg1 pathway 509:515 the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway 476:515 the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway responsible for the assembly and attachment of an N-linked pentasaccharide 476:590 In the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii, in which understanding of this universal protein-processing event is relatively well-advanced, genes encoding the components of the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway responsible for the assembly and attachment of an N-linked pentasaccharide have been identified. 28809486 0 26 theme Haloferax 77:85 arg1 volcanii 87:94 Haloferax volcanii 77:94 a Haloferax volcanii N-Glycosylation Pathway Intermediate 75:131 Assembling Glycan-Charged Dolichol Phosphates: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Haloferax volcanii N-Glycosylation Pathway Intermediate. 28809486 5 27 theme unique 836:841 arg1 ability 843:849 the seemingly unique ability 822:849 the seemingly unique ability of Archaea to use dolichol phosphate (DolP) as the glycan lipid carrier 822:921 volcanii Agl pathway at the protein level, the seemingly unique ability of Archaea to use dolichol phosphate (DolP) as the glycan lipid carrier, rather than dolichol pyrophosphate used by eukaryotes, remains poorly understood. 28809486 10 28 theme volcanii 1526:1533 arg1 membranes 1535:1543 volcanii membranes 1526:1543 volcanii membranes 1526:1543 volcanii membranes in hypersaline conditions, like those encountered in situ, was subsequently combined with uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronic acid and DolP-glucose to yield DolP-glucose-glucuronic acid. 28809486 7 29 theme novel 1158:1162 arg1 reduction 1191:1199 a novel regio- and stereoselective reduction 1156:1199 a novel regio- and stereoselective reduction of naturally isolated polyprenol 1156:1232 Accordingly, a novel regio- and stereoselective reduction of naturally isolated polyprenol gave facile access to S-dolichol via asymmetric transfer hydrogenation under very mild conditions. 28809486 2 30 theme pathway 509:515 arg1 components 462:471 the components 458:471 the components of the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway responsible for the assembly and attachment of an N-linked pentasaccharide 458:590 In the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii, in which understanding of this universal protein-processing event is relatively well-advanced, genes encoding the components of the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway responsible for the assembly and attachment of an N-linked pentasaccharide have been identified. 28809486 8 31 theme N-linked 1409:1416 arg1 pentasaccharide 1418:1432 the N-linked pentasaccharide 1405:1432 the N-linked pentasaccharide 1405:1432 This compound was used to generate glucose-charged DolP, a precursor of the N-linked pentasaccharide, as well as DolP-glucose-glucuronic acid and DolP-glucuronic acid. 28809486 7 32 theme mild 1316:1319 arg1 conditions 1321:1330 very mild conditions 1311:1330 very mild conditions 1311:1330 Accordingly, a novel regio- and stereoselective reduction of naturally isolated polyprenol gave facile access to S-dolichol via asymmetric transfer hydrogenation under very mild conditions. 28809486 2 33 theme Agl 504:506 arg1 pathway 509:515 the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway 476:515 the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway responsible for the assembly and attachment of an N-linked pentasaccharide 476:590 In the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii, in which understanding of this universal protein-processing event is relatively well-advanced, genes encoding the components of the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway responsible for the assembly and attachment of an N-linked pentasaccharide have been identified. 28809486 7 34 theme transfer 1282:1289 arg1 hydrogenation 1291:1303 asymmetric transfer hydrogenation 1271:1303 asymmetric transfer hydrogenation under very mild conditions 1271:1330 Accordingly, a novel regio- and stereoselective reduction of naturally isolated polyprenol gave facile access to S-dolichol via asymmetric transfer hydrogenation under very mild conditions. 28809486 6 35 theme chemoenzymatic 1027:1040 arg1 approach 1042:1049 a chemoenzymatic approach 1025:1049 a chemoenzymatic approach 1025:1049 With this in mind, a chemoenzymatic approach was taken to biochemically study AglG, one of the five glycosyltransferases of the pathway. 28809486 8 36 theme DolP-glucose-glucuronic 1446:1468 arg1 acid 1470:1473 DolP-glucose-glucuronic acid 1446:1473 DolP-glucose-glucuronic acid 1446:1473 This compound was used to generate glucose-charged DolP, a precursor of the N-linked pentasaccharide, as well as DolP-glucose-glucuronic acid and DolP-glucuronic acid. 28809486 11 37 theme archaeal 1922:1929 arg1 N-glycosylation 1931:1945 archaeal N-glycosylation 1922:1945 archaeal N-glycosylation 1922:1945 The in vitro system for the study of AglG activity developed here represents the first such tool for studying halophilic glycosyltransferases and will allow for a detailed understanding of archaeal N-glycosylation. 28809486 11 38 dep in 1737:1738 arg1 vitro 1740:1744 vitro 1740:1744 vitro 1740:1744 The in vitro system for the study of AglG activity developed here represents the first such tool for studying halophilic glycosyltransferases and will allow for a detailed understanding of archaeal N-glycosylation. 28809486 3 39 link N-linked 632:639 arg1 glycan 641:646 the N-linked glycan 628:646 the N-linked glycan 628:646 As elsewhere, the N-linked glycan is assembled on phosphodolichol carriers before transfer to target Asn residues. 28809486 3 39 link N-linked 632:639 arg1 elsewhere 617:625 elsewhere 617:625 elsewhere 617:625 As elsewhere, the N-linked glycan is assembled on phosphodolichol carriers before transfer to target Asn residues. 28809486 6 40 theme pathway 1134:1140 arg1 glycosyltransferases 1106:1125 the five glycosyltransferases 1097:1125 the five glycosyltransferases of the pathway 1097:1140 With this in mind, a chemoenzymatic approach was taken to biochemically study AglG, one of the five glycosyltransferases of the pathway. 28809486 0 41 dep Assembling 0:9 arg1 Synthesis 62:70 Chemoenzymatic Synthesis 47:70 Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Haloferax volcanii N-Glycosylation Pathway Intermediate 47:131 Assembling Glycan-Charged Dolichol Phosphates: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Haloferax volcanii N-Glycosylation Pathway Intermediate. 28809486 7 42 theme isolated 1214:1221 arg1 polyprenol 1223:1232 naturally isolated polyprenol 1204:1232 naturally isolated polyprenol 1204:1232 Accordingly, a novel regio- and stereoselective reduction of naturally isolated polyprenol gave facile access to S-dolichol via asymmetric transfer hydrogenation under very mild conditions. 28809486 2 43 theme universal 379:387 arg1 event 408:412 this universal protein-processing event 374:412 this universal protein-processing event 374:412 In the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii, in which understanding of this universal protein-processing event is relatively well-advanced, genes encoding the components of the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway responsible for the assembly and attachment of an N-linked pentasaccharide have been identified. 28809486 2 44 theme halophilic 309:318 arg1 volcanii 338:345 the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii 305:345 the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii 305:345 In the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii, in which understanding of this universal protein-processing event is relatively well-advanced, genes encoding the components of the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway responsible for the assembly and attachment of an N-linked pentasaccharide have been identified. 28809486 1 45 theme protein 196:202 arg1 residues 215:222 select protein target Asn residues 189:222 select protein target Asn residues 189:222 N-glycosylation, the covalent attachment of glycans to select protein target Asn residues, is a post-translational modification performed by all three domains of life. 28809486 10 46 theme uridine 1635:1641 arg1 acid 1672:1675 uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronic acid 1635:1675 uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronic acid 1635:1675 volcanii membranes in hypersaline conditions, like those encountered in situ, was subsequently combined with uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronic acid and DolP-glucose to yield DolP-glucose-glucuronic acid. 28809486 7 47 theme polyprenol 1223:1232 arg1 reduction 1191:1199 a novel regio- and stereoselective reduction 1156:1199 a novel regio- and stereoselective reduction of naturally isolated polyprenol 1156:1232 Accordingly, a novel regio- and stereoselective reduction of naturally isolated polyprenol gave facile access to S-dolichol via asymmetric transfer hydrogenation under very mild conditions. 28809486 1 48 theme Asn 211:213 arg1 residues 215:222 select protein target Asn residues 189:222 select protein target Asn residues 189:222 N-glycosylation, the covalent attachment of glycans to select protein target Asn residues, is a post-translational modification performed by all three domains of life. 28809486 2 49 theme Haloferax 328:336 arg1 volcanii 338:345 the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii 305:345 the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii 305:345 In the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii, in which understanding of this universal protein-processing event is relatively well-advanced, genes encoding the components of the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway responsible for the assembly and attachment of an N-linked pentasaccharide have been identified. 28809486 5 50 theme Archaea 854:860 arg1 ability 843:849 the seemingly unique ability 822:849 the seemingly unique ability of Archaea to use dolichol phosphate (DolP) as the glycan lipid carrier 822:921 volcanii Agl pathway at the protein level, the seemingly unique ability of Archaea to use dolichol phosphate (DolP) as the glycan lipid carrier, rather than dolichol pyrophosphate used by eukaryotes, remains poorly understood. 28809486 2 51 theme event 408:412 arg1 understanding 357:369 understanding 357:369 understanding of this universal protein-processing event 357:412 In the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii, in which understanding of this universal protein-processing event is relatively well-advanced, genes encoding the components of the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway responsible for the assembly and attachment of an N-linked pentasaccharide have been identified. 28809486 5 52 theme lipid 909:913 arg1 phosphate 878:886 dolichol phosphate 869:886 dolichol phosphate (DolP) 869:893 volcanii Agl pathway at the protein level, the seemingly unique ability of Archaea to use dolichol phosphate (DolP) as the glycan lipid carrier, rather than dolichol pyrophosphate used by eukaryotes, remains poorly understood. 28809486 5 52 theme lipid 909:913 arg1 carrier 915:921 the glycan lipid carrier 898:921 the glycan lipid carrier 898:921 volcanii Agl pathway at the protein level, the seemingly unique ability of Archaea to use dolichol phosphate (DolP) as the glycan lipid carrier, rather than dolichol pyrophosphate used by eukaryotes, remains poorly understood. 28809486 3 53 theme N-linked 632:639 arg1 glycan 641:646 the N-linked glycan 628:646 the N-linked glycan 628:646 As elsewhere, the N-linked glycan is assembled on phosphodolichol carriers before transfer to target Asn residues. 28809486 3 53 theme N-linked 632:639 arg1 elsewhere 617:625 elsewhere 617:625 elsewhere 617:625 As elsewhere, the N-linked glycan is assembled on phosphodolichol carriers before transfer to target Asn residues. 28809486 2 54 theme N-linked 567:574 arg1 pentasaccharide 576:590 an N-linked pentasaccharide 564:590 an N-linked pentasaccharide 564:590 In the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii, in which understanding of this universal protein-processing event is relatively well-advanced, genes encoding the components of the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway responsible for the assembly and attachment of an N-linked pentasaccharide have been identified. 28809486 1 55 theme covalent 155:162 arg1 attachment 164:173 the covalent attachment 151:173 the covalent attachment of glycans to select protein target Asn residues 151:222 N-glycosylation, the covalent attachment of glycans to select protein target Asn residues, is a post-translational modification performed by all three domains of life. 28809486 1 55 theme covalent 155:162 arg1 N-glycosylation 134:148 N-glycosylation 134:148 N-glycosylation 134:148 N-glycosylation, the covalent attachment of glycans to select protein target Asn residues, is a post-translational modification performed by all three domains of life. 28809486 7 56 theme asymmetric 1271:1280 arg1 hydrogenation 1291:1303 asymmetric transfer hydrogenation 1271:1303 asymmetric transfer hydrogenation under very mild conditions 1271:1330 Accordingly, a novel regio- and stereoselective reduction of naturally isolated polyprenol gave facile access to S-dolichol via asymmetric transfer hydrogenation under very mild conditions. 28809486 5 57 theme Agl 788:790 arg1 pathway 792:798 volcanii Agl pathway 779:798 volcanii Agl pathway at the protein level 779:819 volcanii Agl pathway at the protein level, the seemingly unique ability of Archaea to use dolichol phosphate (DolP) as the glycan lipid carrier, rather than dolichol pyrophosphate used by eukaryotes, remains poorly understood. 28809486 8 58 link N-linked 1409:1416 arg1 pentasaccharide 1418:1432 the N-linked pentasaccharide 1405:1432 the N-linked pentasaccharide 1405:1432 This compound was used to generate glucose-charged DolP, a precursor of the N-linked pentasaccharide, as well as DolP-glucose-glucuronic acid and DolP-glucuronic acid. 28809486 11 59 theme AglG 1770:1773 arg1 activity 1775:1782 AglG activity 1770:1782 AglG activity 1770:1782 The in vitro system for the study of AglG activity developed here represents the first such tool for studying halophilic glycosyltransferases and will allow for a detailed understanding of archaeal N-glycosylation. 28809486 0 60 theme N-Glycosylation 96:110 arg1 Intermediate 120:131 a Haloferax volcanii N-Glycosylation Pathway Intermediate 75:131 a Haloferax volcanii N-Glycosylation Pathway Intermediate 75:131 Assembling Glycan-Charged Dolichol Phosphates: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Haloferax volcanii N-Glycosylation Pathway Intermediate. 28809486 5 61 theme glycan 902:907 arg1 phosphate 878:886 dolichol phosphate 869:886 dolichol phosphate (DolP) 869:893 volcanii Agl pathway at the protein level, the seemingly unique ability of Archaea to use dolichol phosphate (DolP) as the glycan lipid carrier, rather than dolichol pyrophosphate used by eukaryotes, remains poorly understood. 28809486 5 61 theme glycan 902:907 arg1 carrier 915:921 the glycan lipid carrier 898:921 the glycan lipid carrier 898:921 volcanii Agl pathway at the protein level, the seemingly unique ability of Archaea to use dolichol phosphate (DolP) as the glycan lipid carrier, rather than dolichol pyrophosphate used by eukaryotes, remains poorly understood. 28809486 2 62 theme responsible 517:527 arg1 pathway 509:515 the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway 476:515 the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway responsible for the assembly and attachment of an N-linked pentasaccharide 476:590 In the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii, in which understanding of this universal protein-processing event is relatively well-advanced, genes encoding the components of the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway responsible for the assembly and attachment of an N-linked pentasaccharide have been identified. 28809486 11 63 theme first 1814:1818 arg1 tool 1825:1828 the first such tool 1810:1828 the first such tool for studying halophilic glycosyltransferases 1810:1873 The in vitro system for the study of AglG activity developed here represents the first such tool for studying halophilic glycosyltransferases and will allow for a detailed understanding of archaeal N-glycosylation. 28809486 0 64 theme Intermediate 120:131 arg1 Synthesis 62:70 Chemoenzymatic Synthesis 47:70 Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Haloferax volcanii N-Glycosylation Pathway Intermediate 47:131 Assembling Glycan-Charged Dolichol Phosphates: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Haloferax volcanii N-Glycosylation Pathway Intermediate. 28809486 5 65 from level 815:819 arg1 pathway 792:798 volcanii Agl pathway 779:798 volcanii Agl pathway at the protein level 779:819 volcanii Agl pathway at the protein level, the seemingly unique ability of Archaea to use dolichol phosphate (DolP) as the glycan lipid carrier, rather than dolichol pyrophosphate used by eukaryotes, remains poorly understood. 28809486 2 66 from volcanii 338:345 arg1 well-advanced 428:440 well-advanced 428:440 well-advanced 428:440 In the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii, in which understanding of this universal protein-processing event is relatively well-advanced, genes encoding the components of the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway responsible for the assembly and attachment of an N-linked pentasaccharide have been identified. 28809486 7 67 theme stereoselective 1175:1189 arg1 reduction 1191:1199 a novel regio- and stereoselective reduction 1156:1199 a novel regio- and stereoselective reduction of naturally isolated polyprenol 1156:1232 Accordingly, a novel regio- and stereoselective reduction of naturally isolated polyprenol gave facile access to S-dolichol via asymmetric transfer hydrogenation under very mild conditions. 28809486 8 68 theme glucose-charged 1368:1382 arg1 DolP 1384:1387 glucose-charged DolP 1368:1387 glucose-charged DolP 1368:1387 This compound was used to generate glucose-charged DolP, a precursor of the N-linked pentasaccharide, as well as DolP-glucose-glucuronic acid and DolP-glucuronic acid. 28809486 8 68 theme glucose-charged 1368:1382 arg1 precursor 1392:1400 a precursor 1390:1400 a precursor of the N-linked pentasaccharide 1390:1432 This compound was used to generate glucose-charged DolP, a precursor of the N-linked pentasaccharide, as well as DolP-glucose-glucuronic acid and DolP-glucuronic acid. 28809486 0 69 theme Glycan-Charged 11:24 arg1 Phosphates 35:44 Glycan-Charged Dolichol Phosphates 11:44 Glycan-Charged Dolichol Phosphates 11:44 Assembling Glycan-Charged Dolichol Phosphates: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Haloferax volcanii N-Glycosylation Pathway Intermediate. 28809486 5 70 theme dolichol 936:943 arg1 pyrophosphate 945:957 dolichol pyrophosphate 936:957 dolichol pyrophosphate used by eukaryotes 936:976 volcanii Agl pathway at the protein level, the seemingly unique ability of Archaea to use dolichol phosphate (DolP) as the glycan lipid carrier, rather than dolichol pyrophosphate used by eukaryotes, remains poorly understood. 28809486 2 71 theme archaeal 480:487 arg1 pathway 509:515 the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway 476:515 the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway responsible for the assembly and attachment of an N-linked pentasaccharide 476:590 In the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii, in which understanding of this universal protein-processing event is relatively well-advanced, genes encoding the components of the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway responsible for the assembly and attachment of an N-linked pentasaccharide have been identified. 28809486 3 72 theme Asn 715:717 arg1 residues 719:726 target Asn residues 708:726 target Asn residues 708:726 As elsewhere, the N-linked glycan is assembled on phosphodolichol carriers before transfer to target Asn residues. 28809486 10 73 theme -glucuronic 1660:1670 arg1 acid 1672:1675 uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronic acid 1635:1675 uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronic acid 1635:1675 volcanii membranes in hypersaline conditions, like those encountered in situ, was subsequently combined with uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronic acid and DolP-glucose to yield DolP-glucose-glucuronic acid. 28809486 11 74 theme in 1737:1738 arg1 system 1746:1751 The in vitro system 1733:1751 The in vitro system for the study of AglG activity developed here 1733:1797 The in vitro system for the study of AglG activity developed here represents the first such tool for studying halophilic glycosyltransferases and will allow for a detailed understanding of archaeal N-glycosylation. 28809486 10 75 theme DolP-glucose-glucuronic 1703:1725 arg1 acid 1727:1730 DolP-glucose-glucuronic acid 1703:1730 DolP-glucose-glucuronic acid 1703:1730 volcanii membranes in hypersaline conditions, like those encountered in situ, was subsequently combined with uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronic acid and DolP-glucose to yield DolP-glucose-glucuronic acid. 28809486 0 76 theme Chemoenzymatic 47:60 arg1 Synthesis 62:70 Chemoenzymatic Synthesis 47:70 Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Haloferax volcanii N-Glycosylation Pathway Intermediate 47:131 Assembling Glycan-Charged Dolichol Phosphates: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Haloferax volcanii N-Glycosylation Pathway Intermediate. 28809486 10 77 theme hypersaline 1548:1558 arg1 conditions 1560:1569 hypersaline conditions 1548:1569 hypersaline conditions 1548:1569 volcanii membranes in hypersaline conditions, like those encountered in situ, was subsequently combined with uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronic acid and DolP-glucose to yield DolP-glucose-glucuronic acid. 28809486 8 78 theme pentasaccharide 1418:1432 arg1 DolP 1384:1387 glucose-charged DolP 1368:1387 glucose-charged DolP 1368:1387 This compound was used to generate glucose-charged DolP, a precursor of the N-linked pentasaccharide, as well as DolP-glucose-glucuronic acid and DolP-glucuronic acid. 28809486 8 78 theme pentasaccharide 1418:1432 arg1 precursor 1392:1400 a precursor 1390:1400 a precursor of the N-linked pentasaccharide 1390:1432 This compound was used to generate glucose-charged DolP, a precursor of the N-linked pentasaccharide, as well as DolP-glucose-glucuronic acid and DolP-glucuronic acid. 28809486 11 79 theme detailed 1896:1903 arg1 understanding 1905:1917 a detailed understanding 1894:1917 a detailed understanding of archaeal N-glycosylation 1894:1945 The in vitro system for the study of AglG activity developed here represents the first such tool for studying halophilic glycosyltransferases and will allow for a detailed understanding of archaeal N-glycosylation. 28809486 2 80 from well-advanced 428:440 arg1 volcanii 338:345 the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii 305:345 the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii 305:345 In the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii, in which understanding of this universal protein-processing event is relatively well-advanced, genes encoding the components of the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway responsible for the assembly and attachment of an N-linked pentasaccharide have been identified. 28809486 6 81 theme glycosyltransferases 1106:1125 arg1 glycosyltransferases 1106:1125 the five glycosyltransferases 1097:1125 the five glycosyltransferases of the pathway 1097:1140 With this in mind, a chemoenzymatic approach was taken to biochemically study AglG, one of the five glycosyltransferases of the pathway. 28809486 6 81 theme glycosyltransferases 1106:1125 arg1 one 1090:1092 one 1090:1092 one 1090:1092 With this in mind, a chemoenzymatic approach was taken to biochemically study AglG, one of the five glycosyltransferases of the pathway. 28809486 6 81 theme glycosyltransferases 1106:1125 arg1 AglG 1084:1087 AglG 1084:1087 AglG 1084:1087 With this in mind, a chemoenzymatic approach was taken to biochemically study AglG, one of the five glycosyltransferases of the pathway. 28809486 3 82 theme target 708:713 arg1 residues 719:726 target Asn residues 708:726 target Asn residues 708:726 As elsewhere, the N-linked glycan is assembled on phosphodolichol carriers before transfer to target Asn residues. 28809486 2 83 theme protein-processing 389:406 arg1 event 408:412 this universal protein-processing event 374:412 this universal protein-processing event 374:412 In the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii, in which understanding of this universal protein-processing event is relatively well-advanced, genes encoding the components of the archaeal glycosylation (Agl) pathway responsible for the assembly and attachment of an N-linked pentasaccharide have been identified. 28809486 1 84 theme post-translational 230:247 arg1 modification 249:260 a post-translational modification 228:260 a post-translational modification performed by all three domains of life 228:299 N-glycosylation, the covalent attachment of glycans to select protein target Asn residues, is a post-translational modification performed by all three domains of life. 28809486 1 84 theme post-translational 230:247 arg1 N-glycosylation 134:148 N-glycosylation 134:148 N-glycosylation 134:148 N-glycosylation, the covalent attachment of glycans to select protein target Asn residues, is a post-translational modification performed by all three domains of life. 28809486 11 85 theme N-glycosylation 1931:1945 arg1 understanding 1905:1917 a detailed understanding 1894:1917 a detailed understanding of archaeal N-glycosylation 1894:1945 The in vitro system for the study of AglG activity developed here represents the first such tool for studying halophilic glycosyltransferases and will allow for a detailed understanding of archaeal N-glycosylation. 26742121 4 0 link N-linked 779:786 arg1 glycoproteins 788:800 72 unique N-linked glycoproteins 769:800 72 unique N-linked glycoproteins 769:800 RESULTS A total of 550 unique N-linked glycoproteins were identified, among these proteins, 72 unique N-linked glycoproteins were significantly regulated in tumor tissues, of which 56 proteins were upregulated and 16 proteins were downregulated. 26742121 6 1 gly glycoproteins 1248:1260 arg1 glycoproteins 1248:1260 differentially expressed glycoproteins 1223:1260 differentially expressed glycoproteins 1223:1260 The top three pathways of differentially expressed glycoproteins participated in were caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling, agrin interactions at neuromuscular junction and LXR/RXR activation. 26742121 1 2 theme targeted 260:267 arg1 therapies 269:277 suitable targeted therapies 251:277 suitable targeted therapies 251:277 BACKGROUND Women with triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a poor prognosis due to lack of suitable targeted therapies. 26742121 4 3 gly glycoproteins 716:728 arg1 glycoproteins 716:728 550 unique N-linked glycoproteins 696:728 550 unique N-linked glycoproteins 696:728 RESULTS A total of 550 unique N-linked glycoproteins were identified, among these proteins, 72 unique N-linked glycoproteins were significantly regulated in tumor tissues, of which 56 proteins were upregulated and 16 proteins were downregulated. 26742121 4 4 theme unique 700:705 arg1 glycoproteins 716:728 550 unique N-linked glycoproteins 696:728 550 unique N-linked glycoproteins 696:728 RESULTS A total of 550 unique N-linked glycoproteins were identified, among these proteins, 72 unique N-linked glycoproteins were significantly regulated in tumor tissues, of which 56 proteins were upregulated and 16 proteins were downregulated. 26742121 6 5 theme top 1201:1203 arg1 pathways 1211:1218 The top three pathways 1197:1218 The top three pathways of differentially expressed glycoproteins 1197:1260 The top three pathways of differentially expressed glycoproteins participated in were caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling, agrin interactions at neuromuscular junction and LXR/RXR activation. 26742121 4 6 theme glycoproteins 716:728 arg1 total 687:691 A total 685:691 A total of 550 unique N-linked glycoproteins 685:728 RESULTS A total of 550 unique N-linked glycoproteins were identified, among these proteins, 72 unique N-linked glycoproteins were significantly regulated in tumor tissues, of which 56 proteins were upregulated and 16 proteins were downregulated. 26742121 7 7 theme novel 1471:1475 arg1 biomarker 1490:1498 a novel tissue-based biomarker 1469:1498 a novel tissue-based biomarker for TNBC 1469:1507 CONCLUSION This work provides potential glycoprotein markers to function as a novel tissue-based biomarker for TNBC. 26742121 0 8 theme Labeling 143:150 arg1 Purification 94:105 Sequential Purification 83:105 Sequential Purification of Glycoproteins and Stable Isotope Labeling 83:150 Comparative Profiling of Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas Tissue Glycoproteome by Sequential Purification of Glycoproteins and Stable Isotope Labeling. 26742121 5 9 theme blot 1119:1122 arg1 analysis 1124:1131 western blot analysis 1111:1131 western blot analysis 1111:1131 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 7 10 theme tissue-based 1477:1488 arg1 biomarker 1490:1498 a novel tissue-based biomarker 1469:1498 a novel tissue-based biomarker for TNBC 1469:1507 CONCLUSION This work provides potential glycoprotein markers to function as a novel tissue-based biomarker for TNBC. 26742121 3 11 gly glycoproteins 632:644 arg1 glycoproteins 632:644 N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins 606:644 glycoproteins 632:644 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 3 12 theme tissues 649:655 arg1 glycoproteins 632:644 N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins 606:644 glycoproteins 632:644 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 3 12 theme tissues 649:655 arg1 glycopeptides 615:627 N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins 606:644 glycopeptides 615:627 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 6 13 theme caveolar-mediated 1283:1299 arg1 signaling 1313:1321 were caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling 1278:1321 were caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling 1278:1321 The top three pathways of differentially expressed glycoproteins participated in were caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling, agrin interactions at neuromuscular junction and LXR/RXR activation. 26742121 3 14 gly glycopeptides 615:627 arg2 glycopeptides 615:627 N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins 606:644 glycopeptides 615:627 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 3 14 gly glycopeptides 615:627 arg1 tissues 649:655 tissues 649:655 tissues from TNBC patients 649:674 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 3 15 with biomarkers 452:461 arg1 capabilities 502:513 greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities 468:513 greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities 468:513 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 5 16 theme selected 968:975 arg1 proteins 977:984 three selected proteins 962:984 three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 962:1091 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 5 16 theme selected 968:975 arg1 receptor 1031:1038 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 996:1040 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 996:1040 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 6 17 theme glycoproteins 1248:1260 arg1 pathways 1211:1218 The top three pathways 1197:1218 The top three pathways of differentially expressed glycoproteins 1197:1260 The top three pathways of differentially expressed glycoproteins participated in were caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling, agrin interactions at neuromuscular junction and LXR/RXR activation. 26742121 3 18 from glycopeptides 615:627 arg1 patients 667:674 TNBC patients 662:674 TNBC patients 662:674 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 3 19 theme TNBC 662:665 arg1 patients 667:674 TNBC patients 662:674 TNBC patients 662:674 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 1 20 theme triple 175:180 arg1 TNBCs 207:211 TNBCs 207:211 TNBCs 207:211 BACKGROUND Women with triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a poor prognosis due to lack of suitable targeted therapies. 26742121 1 20 theme triple 175:180 arg1 cancers 198:204 triple negative breast cancers 175:204 triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) 175:212 BACKGROUND Women with triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a poor prognosis due to lack of suitable targeted therapies. 26742121 3 21 link N-linked 606:613 arg1 glycopeptides 615:627 N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins 606:644 glycopeptides 615:627 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 1 22 theme breast 191:196 arg1 TNBCs 207:211 TNBCs 207:211 TNBCs 207:211 BACKGROUND Women with triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a poor prognosis due to lack of suitable targeted therapies. 26742121 1 22 theme breast 191:196 arg1 cancers 198:204 triple negative breast cancers 175:204 triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) 175:212 BACKGROUND Women with triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a poor prognosis due to lack of suitable targeted therapies. 26742121 0 23 theme Glycoproteins 110:122 arg1 Purification 94:105 Sequential Purification 83:105 Sequential Purification of Glycoproteins and Stable Isotope Labeling 83:150 Comparative Profiling of Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas Tissue Glycoproteome by Sequential Purification of Glycoproteins and Stable Isotope Labeling. 26742121 5 24 theme factor 1024:1029 arg1 receptor 1051:1058 Insulin receptor 1043:1058 Insulin receptor 1043:1058 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 5 24 theme factor 1024:1029 arg1 receptor 1031:1038 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 996:1040 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 996:1040 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 5 24 theme factor 1024:1029 arg1 inhibitor 1083:1091 Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 1061:1091 Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 1061:1091 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 4 25 theme tumor 834:838 arg1 tissues 840:846 tumor tissues 834:846 tumor tissues 834:846 RESULTS A total of 550 unique N-linked glycoproteins were identified, among these proteins, 72 unique N-linked glycoproteins were significantly regulated in tumor tissues, of which 56 proteins were upregulated and 16 proteins were downregulated. 26742121 0 26 theme Stable 128:133 arg1 Labeling 143:150 Stable Isotope Labeling 128:150 Stable Isotope Labeling 128:150 Comparative Profiling of Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas Tissue Glycoproteome by Sequential Purification of Glycoproteins and Stable Isotope Labeling. 26742121 3 27 from METHODS 413:419 arg1 attempt 427:433 an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities 424:513 an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities 424:513 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 1 28 with Women 164:168 arg1 TNBCs 207:211 TNBCs 207:211 TNBCs 207:211 BACKGROUND Women with triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a poor prognosis due to lack of suitable targeted therapies. 26742121 1 28 with Women 164:168 arg1 cancers 198:204 triple negative breast cancers 175:204 triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) 175:212 BACKGROUND Women with triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a poor prognosis due to lack of suitable targeted therapies. 26742121 7 29 theme glycoprotein 1433:1444 arg1 markers 1446:1452 potential glycoprotein markers 1423:1452 potential glycoprotein markers 1423:1452 CONCLUSION This work provides potential glycoprotein markers to function as a novel tissue-based biomarker for TNBC. 26742121 4 30 theme N-linked 779:786 arg1 glycoproteins 788:800 72 unique N-linked glycoproteins 769:800 72 unique N-linked glycoproteins 769:800 RESULTS A total of 550 unique N-linked glycoproteins were identified, among these proteins, 72 unique N-linked glycoproteins were significantly regulated in tumor tissues, of which 56 proteins were upregulated and 16 proteins were downregulated. 26742121 3 31 theme TNBC 447:450 arg1 biomarkers 452:461 TNBC biomarkers 447:461 TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities 447:513 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 0 32 theme Comparative 0:10 arg1 Profiling 12:20 Comparative Profiling 0:20 Comparative Profiling of Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas 0:57 Comparative Profiling of Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas Tissue Glycoproteome by Sequential Purification of Glycoproteins and Stable Isotope Labeling. 26742121 3 33 from glycoproteins 632:644 arg1 patients 667:674 TNBC patients 662:674 TNBC patients 662:674 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 3 34 theme prognostic 491:500 arg1 capabilities 502:513 greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities 468:513 greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities 468:513 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 5 35 theme endothelial 1005:1015 arg1 receptor 1051:1058 Insulin receptor 1043:1058 Insulin receptor 1043:1058 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 5 35 theme endothelial 1005:1015 arg1 receptor 1031:1038 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 996:1040 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 996:1040 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 5 35 theme endothelial 1005:1015 arg1 inhibitor 1083:1091 Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 1061:1091 Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 1061:1091 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 3 36 theme diagnostic 476:485 arg1 capabilities 502:513 greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities 468:513 greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities 468:513 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 3 37 used used 578:581 arg2 method 543:548 hydrazide- based chemistry method 516:548 hydrazide- based chemistry method 516:548 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 3 37 used used 578:581 arg2 METHODS 413:419 METHODS 413:419 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities 413:513 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 5 38 theme TNBC 1191:1194 arg1 biomarkers 1177:1186 potential biomarkers 1167:1186 potential biomarkers of TNBC 1167:1194 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 5 38 theme TNBC 1191:1194 arg1 proteins 1144:1151 these proteins 1138:1151 these proteins 1138:1151 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 0 39 theme Breast 41:46 arg1 Carcinomas 48:57 Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas 25:57 Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas 25:57 Comparative Profiling of Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas Tissue Glycoproteome by Sequential Purification of Glycoproteins and Stable Isotope Labeling. 26742121 5 40 theme factor 1068:1073 arg1 receptor 1031:1038 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 996:1040 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 996:1040 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 5 40 theme factor 1068:1073 arg1 inhibitor 1083:1091 Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 1061:1091 Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 1061:1091 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 3 41 theme based 527:531 arg1 METHODS 413:419 METHODS 413:419 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities 413:513 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 3 41 theme based 527:531 arg1 method 543:548 hydrazide- based chemistry method 516:548 hydrazide- based chemistry method 516:548 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 4 42 dep RESULTS 677:683 arg1 identified 735:744 identified 735:744 identified 735:744 RESULTS A total of 550 unique N-linked glycoproteins were identified, among these proteins, 72 unique N-linked glycoproteins were significantly regulated in tumor tissues, of which 56 proteins were upregulated and 16 proteins were downregulated. 26742121 0 43 dep Tissue 59:64 arg1 Glycoproteome 66:78 Glycoproteome 66:78 Glycoproteome 66:78 Comparative Profiling of Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas Tissue Glycoproteome by Sequential Purification of Glycoproteins and Stable Isotope Labeling. 26742121 6 44 from junction 1360:1367 arg1 interactions 1330:1341 agrin interactions 1324:1341 agrin interactions at neuromuscular junction 1324:1367 The top three pathways of differentially expressed glycoproteins participated in were caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling, agrin interactions at neuromuscular junction and LXR/RXR activation. 26742121 6 44 from junction 1360:1367 arg1 activation 1381:1390 LXR/RXR activation 1373:1390 LXR/RXR activation 1373:1390 The top three pathways of differentially expressed glycoproteins participated in were caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling, agrin interactions at neuromuscular junction and LXR/RXR activation. 26742121 6 44 from junction 1360:1367 arg1 signaling 1313:1321 were caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling 1278:1321 were caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling 1278:1321 The top three pathways of differentially expressed glycoproteins participated in were caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling, agrin interactions at neuromuscular junction and LXR/RXR activation. 26742121 5 45 theme Insulin 1043:1049 arg1 receptor 1051:1058 Insulin receptor 1043:1058 Insulin receptor 1043:1058 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 5 45 theme Insulin 1043:1049 arg1 receptor 1031:1038 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 996:1040 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 996:1040 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 1 46 contain have 214:217 arg2 prognosis 226:234 a poor prognosis 219:234 a poor prognosis due to lack of suitable targeted therapies 219:277 BACKGROUND Women with triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a poor prognosis due to lack of suitable targeted therapies. 26742121 1 46 contain have 214:217 arg1 Women 164:168 BACKGROUND Women 153:168 BACKGROUND Women with triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) 153:212 BACKGROUND Women with triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a poor prognosis due to lack of suitable targeted therapies. 26742121 2 47 theme cancer 396:401 arg1 etiology 403:410 cancer etiology 396:410 cancer etiology 396:410 Changes in the protein glycosylation are increasingly being recognized as an important modification associated with cancer etiology. 26742121 6 48 theme LXR/RXR 1373:1379 arg1 activation 1381:1390 LXR/RXR activation 1373:1390 LXR/RXR activation 1373:1390 The top three pathways of differentially expressed glycoproteins participated in were caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling, agrin interactions at neuromuscular junction and LXR/RXR activation. 26742121 1 49 theme suitable 251:258 arg1 therapies 269:277 suitable targeted therapies 251:277 suitable targeted therapies 251:277 BACKGROUND Women with triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a poor prognosis due to lack of suitable targeted therapies. 26742121 2 50 theme protein 295:301 arg1 glycosylation 303:315 the protein glycosylation 291:315 the protein glycosylation 291:315 Changes in the protein glycosylation are increasingly being recognized as an important modification associated with cancer etiology. 26742121 1 51 theme therapies 269:277 arg1 lack 243:246 lack 243:246 lack of suitable targeted therapies 243:277 BACKGROUND Women with triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a poor prognosis due to lack of suitable targeted therapies. 26742121 6 52 theme neuromuscular 1346:1358 arg1 junction 1360:1367 neuromuscular junction 1346:1367 neuromuscular junction 1346:1367 The top three pathways of differentially expressed glycoproteins participated in were caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling, agrin interactions at neuromuscular junction and LXR/RXR activation. 26742121 2 53 theme important 357:365 arg1 Changes 280:286 Changes 280:286 Changes in the protein glycosylation 280:315 Changes in the protein glycosylation are increasingly being recognized as an important modification associated with cancer etiology. 26742121 2 53 theme important 357:365 arg1 modification 367:378 an important modification 354:378 an important modification associated with cancer etiology 354:410 Changes in the protein glycosylation are increasingly being recognized as an important modification associated with cancer etiology. 26742121 6 54 theme agrin 1324:1328 arg1 interactions 1330:1341 agrin interactions 1324:1341 agrin interactions at neuromuscular junction 1324:1367 The top three pathways of differentially expressed glycoproteins participated in were caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling, agrin interactions at neuromuscular junction and LXR/RXR activation. 26742121 3 55 theme N-linked 606:613 arg1 glycopeptides 615:627 N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins 606:644 glycopeptides 615:627 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 4 56 theme N-linked 707:714 arg1 glycoproteins 716:728 550 unique N-linked glycoproteins 696:728 550 unique N-linked glycoproteins 696:728 RESULTS A total of 550 unique N-linked glycoproteins were identified, among these proteins, 72 unique N-linked glycoproteins were significantly regulated in tumor tissues, of which 56 proteins were upregulated and 16 proteins were downregulated. 26742121 1 57 theme poor 221:224 arg1 prognosis 226:234 a poor prognosis 219:234 a poor prognosis due to lack of suitable targeted therapies 219:277 BACKGROUND Women with triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a poor prognosis due to lack of suitable targeted therapies. 26742121 4 58 link N-linked 707:714 arg1 glycoproteins 716:728 550 unique N-linked glycoproteins 696:728 550 unique N-linked glycoproteins 696:728 RESULTS A total of 550 unique N-linked glycoproteins were identified, among these proteins, 72 unique N-linked glycoproteins were significantly regulated in tumor tissues, of which 56 proteins were upregulated and 16 proteins were downregulated. 26742121 5 59 theme results 953:959 arg1 validity 937:944 the validity 933:944 the validity of the results 933:959 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 6 60 theme were 1278:1281 arg1 signaling 1313:1321 were caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling 1278:1321 were caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling 1278:1321 The top three pathways of differentially expressed glycoproteins participated in were caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling, agrin interactions at neuromuscular junction and LXR/RXR activation. 26742121 1 61 theme BACKGROUND 153:162 arg1 Women 164:168 BACKGROUND Women 153:168 BACKGROUND Women with triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) 153:212 BACKGROUND Women with triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a poor prognosis due to lack of suitable targeted therapies. 26742121 2 62 from Changes 280:286 arg1 glycosylation 303:315 the protein glycosylation 291:315 the protein glycosylation 291:315 Changes in the protein glycosylation are increasingly being recognized as an important modification associated with cancer etiology. 26742121 0 63 theme Sequential 83:92 arg1 Purification 94:105 Sequential Purification 83:105 Sequential Purification of Glycoproteins and Stable Isotope Labeling 83:150 Comparative Profiling of Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas Tissue Glycoproteome by Sequential Purification of Glycoproteins and Stable Isotope Labeling. 26742121 5 64 theme western 1111:1117 arg1 analysis 1124:1131 western blot analysis 1111:1131 western blot analysis 1111:1131 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 6 65 theme expressed 1238:1246 arg1 glycoproteins 1248:1260 differentially expressed glycoproteins 1223:1260 differentially expressed glycoproteins 1223:1260 The top three pathways of differentially expressed glycoproteins participated in were caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling, agrin interactions at neuromuscular junction and LXR/RXR activation. 26742121 1 66 theme due 236:238 arg1 prognosis 226:234 a poor prognosis 219:234 a poor prognosis due to lack of suitable targeted therapies 219:277 BACKGROUND Women with triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a poor prognosis due to lack of suitable targeted therapies. 26742121 5 67 theme potential 1167:1175 arg1 biomarkers 1177:1186 potential biomarkers 1167:1186 potential biomarkers of TNBC 1167:1194 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 5 67 theme potential 1167:1175 arg1 proteins 1144:1151 these proteins 1138:1151 these proteins 1138:1151 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 1 68 theme negative 182:189 arg1 TNBCs 207:211 TNBCs 207:211 TNBCs 207:211 BACKGROUND Women with triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a poor prognosis due to lack of suitable targeted therapies. 26742121 1 68 theme negative 182:189 arg1 cancers 198:204 triple negative breast cancers 175:204 triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) 175:212 BACKGROUND Women with triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a poor prognosis due to lack of suitable targeted therapies. 26742121 5 69 theme growth 1017:1022 arg1 receptor 1051:1058 Insulin receptor 1043:1058 Insulin receptor 1043:1058 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 5 69 theme growth 1017:1022 arg1 receptor 1031:1038 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 996:1040 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 996:1040 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 5 69 theme growth 1017:1022 arg1 inhibitor 1083:1091 Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 1061:1091 Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 1061:1091 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 0 70 theme Isotope 135:141 arg1 Labeling 143:150 Stable Isotope Labeling 128:150 Stable Isotope Labeling 128:150 Comparative Profiling of Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas Tissue Glycoproteome by Sequential Purification of Glycoproteins and Stable Isotope Labeling. 26742121 7 71 gly glycoprotein 1433:1444 arg1 glycoprotein 1433:1444 potential glycoprotein markers 1423:1452 potential glycoprotein markers 1423:1452 CONCLUSION This work provides potential glycoprotein markers to function as a novel tissue-based biomarker for TNBC. 26742121 7 72 theme potential 1423:1431 arg1 markers 1446:1452 potential glycoprotein markers 1423:1452 potential glycoprotein markers 1423:1452 CONCLUSION This work provides potential glycoprotein markers to function as a novel tissue-based biomarker for TNBC. 26742121 3 73 from patients 667:674 arg1 tissues 649:655 tissues 649:655 tissues from TNBC patients 649:674 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 3 73 from patients 667:674 arg1 glycoproteins 632:644 N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins 606:644 glycoproteins 632:644 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 3 73 from patients 667:674 arg1 glycopeptides 615:627 N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins 606:644 glycopeptides 615:627 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 4 74 gly glycoproteins 788:800 arg1 glycoproteins 788:800 72 unique N-linked glycoproteins 769:800 72 unique N-linked glycoproteins 769:800 RESULTS A total of 550 unique N-linked glycoproteins were identified, among these proteins, 72 unique N-linked glycoproteins were significantly regulated in tumor tissues, of which 56 proteins were upregulated and 16 proteins were downregulated. 26742121 4 75 theme unique 772:777 arg1 glycoproteins 788:800 72 unique N-linked glycoproteins 769:800 72 unique N-linked glycoproteins 769:800 RESULTS A total of 550 unique N-linked glycoproteins were identified, among these proteins, 72 unique N-linked glycoproteins were significantly regulated in tumor tissues, of which 56 proteins were upregulated and 16 proteins were downregulated. 26742121 0 76 theme Triple-Negative 25:39 arg1 Carcinomas 48:57 Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas 25:57 Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas 25:57 Comparative Profiling of Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas Tissue Glycoproteome by Sequential Purification of Glycoproteins and Stable Isotope Labeling. 26742121 5 77 theme Vascular 996:1003 arg1 receptor 1051:1058 Insulin receptor 1043:1058 Insulin receptor 1043:1058 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 5 77 theme Vascular 996:1003 arg1 receptor 1031:1038 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 996:1040 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 996:1040 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 5 77 theme Vascular 996:1003 arg1 inhibitor 1083:1091 Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 1061:1091 Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 1061:1091 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 0 78 theme Carcinomas 48:57 arg1 Profiling 12:20 Comparative Profiling 0:20 Comparative Profiling of Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas 0:57 Comparative Profiling of Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas Tissue Glycoproteome by Sequential Purification of Glycoproteins and Stable Isotope Labeling. 26742121 5 79 theme Tissue 1061:1066 arg1 receptor 1031:1038 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 996:1040 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 996:1040 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 5 79 theme Tissue 1061:1066 arg1 inhibitor 1083:1091 Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 1061:1091 Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 1061:1091 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 5 80 theme pathway 1075:1081 arg1 receptor 1031:1038 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 996:1040 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 996:1040 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 5 80 theme pathway 1075:1081 arg1 inhibitor 1083:1091 Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 1061:1091 Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 1061:1091 To assess the validity of the results, three selected proteins including Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, Insulin receptor, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor were selected for western blot analysis, and these proteins were found as potential biomarkers of TNBC. 26742121 3 81 theme chemistry 533:541 arg1 METHODS 413:419 METHODS 413:419 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities 413:513 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 3 81 theme chemistry 533:541 arg1 method 543:548 hydrazide- based chemistry method 516:548 hydrazide- based chemistry method 516:548 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 3 82 dep diagnostic 476:485 arg1 greater 468:474 greater 468:474 greater 468:474 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 6 83 theme endocytosis 1301:1311 arg1 signaling 1313:1321 were caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling 1278:1321 were caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling 1278:1321 The top three pathways of differentially expressed glycoproteins participated in were caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling, agrin interactions at neuromuscular junction and LXR/RXR activation. 26742121 3 84 theme hydrazide- 516:525 arg1 METHODS 413:419 METHODS 413:419 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities 413:513 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 3 84 theme hydrazide- 516:525 arg1 method 543:548 hydrazide- based chemistry method 516:548 hydrazide- based chemistry method 516:548 METHODS In an attempt to identify TNBC biomarkers with greater diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, hydrazide- based chemistry method combined with LC-MS/MS were used to purify and identify N-linked glycopeptides or glycoproteins of tissues from TNBC patients. 26742121 7 85 dep CONCLUSION 1393:1402 arg1 provides 1414:1421 provides 1414:1421 provides potential glycoprotein markers to function as a novel tissue-based biomarker for TNBC 1414:1507 CONCLUSION This work provides potential glycoprotein markers to function as a novel tissue-based biomarker for TNBC. 26148749 7 0 theme Such 1187:1190 arg1 data 1192:1195 Such data 1187:1195 Such data 1187:1195 Such data suggest that mannosylated residues are progressively exposed as fibronectin unfolds. 26148749 1 1 theme ≈ 143:143 arg1 protein 153:159 a ≈ 450-kDa protein 141:159 a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation 141:189 Fibronectin, a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation, is a key component of extracellular matrices and has a high conformational lability regarding its functions. 26148749 1 1 theme ≈ 143:143 arg1 Fibronectin 128:138 Fibronectin 128:138 Fibronectin 128:138 Fibronectin, a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation, is a key component of extracellular matrices and has a high conformational lability regarding its functions. 26148749 6 2 theme isothermal 1033:1042 arg1 calorimetry 1054:1064 isothermal titration calorimetry 1033:1064 isothermal titration calorimetry 1033:1064 Dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry showed increased concanavalin A binding to fibronectin during progressive thermal-induced unfolding of the protein core. 26148749 9 3 theme useful 1539:1544 arg1 tools 1546:1550 useful tools 1539:1550 useful tools to probe the glycosylation accessibility accompanying changes in protein core folding, for which a better understanding would be of value for biological and biomedical research 1539:1727 Thus, lectins might be useful tools to probe the glycosylation accessibility accompanying changes in protein core folding, for which a better understanding would be of value for biological and biomedical research. 26148749 1 4 theme 450-kDa 145:151 arg1 protein 153:159 a ≈ 450-kDa protein 141:159 a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation 141:189 Fibronectin, a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation, is a key component of extracellular matrices and has a high conformational lability regarding its functions. 26148749 1 4 theme 450-kDa 145:151 arg1 Fibronectin 128:138 Fibronectin 128:138 Fibronectin 128:138 Fibronectin, a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation, is a key component of extracellular matrices and has a high conformational lability regarding its functions. 26148749 5 5 dep 50 °C 869:873 arg1 to 866:867 to 866:867 to 866:867 When temperature was raised from 25 to 50 °C, fibronectin underwent progressive unfolding, but the conformation of concanavalin A was unaffected. 26148749 3 6 theme light 516:520 arg1 scattering 522:531 dynamic light scattering 508:531 dynamic light scattering 508:531 Using lectins as probes, we developed an approach comprising dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry to assess the accessibility of glycosylated moieties of fibronectin undergoing thermal-induced conformational changes. 26148749 1 7 theme extracellular 214:226 arg1 matrices 228:235 extracellular matrices 214:235 extracellular matrices 214:235 Fibronectin, a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation, is a key component of extracellular matrices and has a high conformational lability regarding its functions. 26148749 8 8 theme chains 1462:1467 arg1 modulation 1430:1439 modulation 1430:1439 modulation of fibronectin sugar chains 1430:1467 Because oligosaccharide moieties can be differently exposed to cells, and the cell's responses could be modified physiologically or pathologically, modulation of fibronectin sugar chains could be relevant to its biological functions. 26148749 9 9 theme core 1625:1628 arg1 folding 1630:1636 protein core folding 1617:1636 protein core folding 1617:1636 Thus, lectins might be useful tools to probe the glycosylation accessibility accompanying changes in protein core folding, for which a better understanding would be of value for biological and biomedical research. 26148749 1 10 theme matrices 228:235 arg1 Fibronectin 128:138 Fibronectin 128:138 Fibronectin 128:138 Fibronectin, a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation, is a key component of extracellular matrices and has a high conformational lability regarding its functions. 26148749 1 10 theme matrices 228:235 arg1 component 201:209 a key component 195:209 a key component of extracellular matrices 195:235 Fibronectin, a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation, is a key component of extracellular matrices and has a high conformational lability regarding its functions. 26148749 0 11 from accessibility 36:48 arg1 relation 73:80 relation 73:80 relation to the conformational changes of fibronectin 73:125 Lectins as probes for assessing the accessibility of N-linked glycans in relation to the conformational changes of fibronectin. 26148749 2 12 gly glycosylated 344:355 arg1 moieties 357:364 glycosylated moieties 344:364 glycosylated moieties associated with the conformational changes of fibronectin 344:422 However, the accessibility and the role of glycosylated moieties associated with the conformational changes of fibronectin are poorly understood. 26148749 1 13 contain has 241:243 arg2 lability 267:274 a high conformational lability 245:274 a high conformational lability regarding its functions 245:298 Fibronectin, a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation, is a key component of extracellular matrices and has a high conformational lability regarding its functions. 26148749 1 13 contain has 241:243 arg1 Fibronectin 128:138 Fibronectin 128:138 Fibronectin 128:138 Fibronectin, a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation, is a key component of extracellular matrices and has a high conformational lability regarding its functions. 26148749 1 13 contain has 241:243 arg1 protein 153:159 a ≈ 450-kDa protein 141:159 a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation 141:189 Fibronectin, a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation, is a key component of extracellular matrices and has a high conformational lability regarding its functions. 26148749 1 13 contain has 241:243 arg1 component 201:209 a key component 195:209 a key component of extracellular matrices 195:235 Fibronectin, a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation, is a key component of extracellular matrices and has a high conformational lability regarding its functions. 26148749 2 14 theme moieties 357:364 arg1 accessibility 314:326 the accessibility 310:326 the accessibility 310:326 However, the accessibility and the role of glycosylated moieties associated with the conformational changes of fibronectin are poorly understood. 26148749 2 14 theme moieties 357:364 arg1 role 336:339 the role 332:339 the role of glycosylated moieties associated with the conformational changes of fibronectin 332:422 However, the accessibility and the role of glycosylated moieties associated with the conformational changes of fibronectin are poorly understood. 26148749 0 15 theme conformational 89:102 arg1 changes 104:110 the conformational changes 85:110 the conformational changes of fibronectin 85:125 Lectins as probes for assessing the accessibility of N-linked glycans in relation to the conformational changes of fibronectin. 26148749 3 16 theme dynamic 508:514 arg1 scattering 522:531 dynamic light scattering 508:531 dynamic light scattering 508:531 Using lectins as probes, we developed an approach comprising dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry to assess the accessibility of glycosylated moieties of fibronectin undergoing thermal-induced conformational changes. 26148749 2 17 theme glycosylated 344:355 arg1 moieties 357:364 glycosylated moieties 344:364 glycosylated moieties associated with the conformational changes of fibronectin 344:422 However, the accessibility and the role of glycosylated moieties associated with the conformational changes of fibronectin are poorly understood. 26148749 6 18 theme light 984:988 arg1 scattering 990:999 Dynamic light scattering 976:999 Dynamic light scattering 976:999 Dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry showed increased concanavalin A binding to fibronectin during progressive thermal-induced unfolding of the protein core. 26148749 1 19 gly glycosylation 177:189 arg1 protein 153:159 a ≈ 450-kDa protein 141:159 a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation 141:189 Fibronectin, a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation, is a key component of extracellular matrices and has a high conformational lability regarding its functions. 26148749 1 19 gly glycosylation 177:189 arg1 Fibronectin 128:138 Fibronectin 128:138 Fibronectin 128:138 Fibronectin, a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation, is a key component of extracellular matrices and has a high conformational lability regarding its functions. 26148749 9 20 from changes 1606:1612 arg1 folding 1630:1636 protein core folding 1617:1636 protein core folding 1617:1636 Thus, lectins might be useful tools to probe the glycosylation accessibility accompanying changes in protein core folding, for which a better understanding would be of value for biological and biomedical research. 26148749 3 21 gly glycosylated 629:640 arg1 moieties 642:649 glycosylated moieties 629:649 glycosylated moieties of fibronectin undergoing thermal-induced conformational changes 629:714 Using lectins as probes, we developed an approach comprising dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry to assess the accessibility of glycosylated moieties of fibronectin undergoing thermal-induced conformational changes. 26148749 2 22 theme fibronectin 412:422 arg1 changes 401:407 the conformational changes 382:407 the conformational changes of fibronectin 382:422 However, the accessibility and the role of glycosylated moieties associated with the conformational changes of fibronectin are poorly understood. 26148749 6 23 theme turbidimetry 1002:1013 arg1 measurements 1015:1026 turbidimetry measurements 1002:1026 turbidimetry measurements 1002:1026 Dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry showed increased concanavalin A binding to fibronectin during progressive thermal-induced unfolding of the protein core. 26148749 9 24 theme biomedical 1709:1718 arg1 research 1720:1727 biological and biomedical research 1694:1727 biological and biomedical research 1694:1727 Thus, lectins might be useful tools to probe the glycosylation accessibility accompanying changes in protein core folding, for which a better understanding would be of value for biological and biomedical research. 26148749 8 25 theme sugar 1456:1460 arg1 chains 1462:1467 fibronectin sugar chains 1444:1467 fibronectin sugar chains 1444:1467 Because oligosaccharide moieties can be differently exposed to cells, and the cell's responses could be modified physiologically or pathologically, modulation of fibronectin sugar chains could be relevant to its biological functions. 26148749 1 26 theme % 169:169 arg1 glycosylation 177:189 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation 166:189 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation 166:189 Fibronectin, a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation, is a key component of extracellular matrices and has a high conformational lability regarding its functions. 26148749 0 27 theme fibronectin 115:125 arg1 changes 104:110 the conformational changes 85:110 the conformational changes of fibronectin 85:125 Lectins as probes for assessing the accessibility of N-linked glycans in relation to the conformational changes of fibronectin. 26148749 9 28 theme biological 1694:1703 arg1 research 1720:1727 biological and biomedical research 1694:1727 biological and biomedical research 1694:1727 Thus, lectins might be useful tools to probe the glycosylation accessibility accompanying changes in protein core folding, for which a better understanding would be of value for biological and biomedical research. 26148749 2 29 theme conformational 386:399 arg1 changes 401:407 the conformational changes 382:407 the conformational changes of fibronectin 382:422 However, the accessibility and the role of glycosylated moieties associated with the conformational changes of fibronectin are poorly understood. 26148749 6 30 theme core 1181:1184 arg1 unfolding 1156:1164 progressive thermal-induced unfolding 1128:1164 progressive thermal-induced unfolding of the protein core 1128:1184 Dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry showed increased concanavalin A binding to fibronectin during progressive thermal-induced unfolding of the protein core. 26148749 8 31 theme fibronectin 1444:1454 arg1 chains 1462:1467 fibronectin sugar chains 1444:1467 fibronectin sugar chains 1444:1467 Because oligosaccharide moieties can be differently exposed to cells, and the cell's responses could be modified physiologically or pathologically, modulation of fibronectin sugar chains could be relevant to its biological functions. 26148749 3 32 theme moieties 642:649 arg1 accessibility 612:624 the accessibility 608:624 the accessibility of glycosylated moieties of fibronectin undergoing thermal-induced conformational changes 608:714 Using lectins as probes, we developed an approach comprising dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry to assess the accessibility of glycosylated moieties of fibronectin undergoing thermal-induced conformational changes. 26148749 3 33 theme turbidimetry 534:545 arg1 measurements 547:558 turbidimetry measurements 534:558 turbidimetry measurements 534:558 Using lectins as probes, we developed an approach comprising dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry to assess the accessibility of glycosylated moieties of fibronectin undergoing thermal-induced conformational changes. 26148749 7 34 theme mannosylated 1210:1221 arg1 residues 1223:1230 mannosylated residues 1210:1230 mannosylated residues 1210:1230 Such data suggest that mannosylated residues are progressively exposed as fibronectin unfolds. 26148749 1 35 theme high 247:250 arg1 lability 267:274 a high conformational lability 245:274 a high conformational lability regarding its functions 245:298 Fibronectin, a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation, is a key component of extracellular matrices and has a high conformational lability regarding its functions. 26148749 3 36 theme titration 576:584 arg1 calorimetry 586:596 isothermal titration calorimetry 565:596 isothermal titration calorimetry 565:596 Using lectins as probes, we developed an approach comprising dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry to assess the accessibility of glycosylated moieties of fibronectin undergoing thermal-induced conformational changes. 26148749 5 37 theme progressive 898:908 arg1 unfolding 910:918 progressive unfolding 898:918 progressive unfolding 898:918 When temperature was raised from 25 to 50 °C, fibronectin underwent progressive unfolding, but the conformation of concanavalin A was unaffected. 26148749 6 38 theme A 1096:1096 arg1 binding 1098:1104 increased concanavalin A binding 1073:1104 increased concanavalin A binding to fibronectin 1073:1119 Dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry showed increased concanavalin A binding to fibronectin during progressive thermal-induced unfolding of the protein core. 26148749 6 39 theme thermal-induced 1140:1154 arg1 unfolding 1156:1164 progressive thermal-induced unfolding 1128:1164 progressive thermal-induced unfolding of the protein core 1128:1184 Dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry showed increased concanavalin A binding to fibronectin during progressive thermal-induced unfolding of the protein core. 26148749 1 40 theme conformational 252:265 arg1 lability 267:274 a high conformational lability 245:274 a high conformational lability regarding its functions 245:298 Fibronectin, a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation, is a key component of extracellular matrices and has a high conformational lability regarding its functions. 26148749 8 41 theme oligosaccharide 1290:1304 arg1 moieties 1306:1313 oligosaccharide moieties 1290:1313 oligosaccharide moieties 1290:1313 Because oligosaccharide moieties can be differently exposed to cells, and the cell's responses could be modified physiologically or pathologically, modulation of fibronectin sugar chains could be relevant to its biological functions. 26148749 7 42 gly mannosylated 1210:1221 arg1 residues 1223:1230 mannosylated residues 1210:1230 mannosylated residues 1210:1230 Such data suggest that mannosylated residues are progressively exposed as fibronectin unfolds. 26148749 6 43 theme concanavalin 1083:1094 arg1 A 1096:1096 concanavalin A 1083:1096 increased concanavalin A binding to fibronectin 1073:1119 Dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry showed increased concanavalin A binding to fibronectin during progressive thermal-induced unfolding of the protein core. 26148749 6 44 theme Dynamic 976:982 arg1 scattering 990:999 Dynamic light scattering 976:999 Dynamic light scattering 976:999 Dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry showed increased concanavalin A binding to fibronectin during progressive thermal-induced unfolding of the protein core. 26148749 3 45 theme glycosylated 629:640 arg1 moieties 642:649 glycosylated moieties 629:649 glycosylated moieties of fibronectin undergoing thermal-induced conformational changes 629:714 Using lectins as probes, we developed an approach comprising dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry to assess the accessibility of glycosylated moieties of fibronectin undergoing thermal-induced conformational changes. 26148749 8 46 theme biological 1494:1503 arg1 functions 1505:1513 its biological functions 1490:1513 its biological functions 1490:1513 Because oligosaccharide moieties can be differently exposed to cells, and the cell's responses could be modified physiologically or pathologically, modulation of fibronectin sugar chains could be relevant to its biological functions. 26148749 9 47 theme glycosylation 1565:1577 arg1 accessibility 1579:1591 the glycosylation accessibility 1561:1591 the glycosylation accessibility accompanying changes in protein core folding, for which a better understanding would be of value for biological and biomedical research 1561:1727 Thus, lectins might be useful tools to probe the glycosylation accessibility accompanying changes in protein core folding, for which a better understanding would be of value for biological and biomedical research. 26148749 3 48 theme thermal-induced 677:691 arg1 changes 708:714 thermal-induced conformational changes 677:714 thermal-induced conformational changes 677:714 Using lectins as probes, we developed an approach comprising dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry to assess the accessibility of glycosylated moieties of fibronectin undergoing thermal-induced conformational changes. 26148749 3 49 theme isothermal 565:574 arg1 calorimetry 586:596 isothermal titration calorimetry 565:596 isothermal titration calorimetry 565:596 Using lectins as probes, we developed an approach comprising dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry to assess the accessibility of glycosylated moieties of fibronectin undergoing thermal-induced conformational changes. 26148749 1 50 with protein 153:159 arg1 glycosylation 177:189 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation 166:189 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation 166:189 Fibronectin, a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation, is a key component of extracellular matrices and has a high conformational lability regarding its functions. 26148749 3 51 theme conformational 693:706 arg1 changes 708:714 thermal-induced conformational changes 677:714 thermal-induced conformational changes 677:714 Using lectins as probes, we developed an approach comprising dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry to assess the accessibility of glycosylated moieties of fibronectin undergoing thermal-induced conformational changes. 26148749 4 52 theme concanavalin 814:825 arg1 A 827:827 concanavalin A 814:827 concanavalin A 814:827 Among a set of 14 lectins, fibronectin mainly reacted with mannose-binding lectins, specifically concanavalin A. 26148749 4 52 theme concanavalin 814:825 arg1 lectins 792:798 mannose-binding lectins 776:798 mannose-binding lectins 776:798 Among a set of 14 lectins, fibronectin mainly reacted with mannose-binding lectins, specifically concanavalin A. 26148749 0 53 link N-linked 53:60 arg1 glycans 62:68 N-linked glycans 53:68 N-linked glycans 53:68 Lectins as probes for assessing the accessibility of N-linked glycans in relation to the conformational changes of fibronectin. 26148749 4 54 theme lectins 735:741 arg1 set 725:727 a set 723:727 a set of 14 lectins 723:741 Among a set of 14 lectins, fibronectin mainly reacted with mannose-binding lectins, specifically concanavalin A. 26148749 4 54 theme lectins 735:741 arg1 lectins 735:741 14 lectins 732:741 14 lectins 732:741 Among a set of 14 lectins, fibronectin mainly reacted with mannose-binding lectins, specifically concanavalin A. 26148749 6 55 theme increased 1073:1081 arg1 binding 1098:1104 increased concanavalin A binding 1073:1104 increased concanavalin A binding to fibronectin 1073:1119 Dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry showed increased concanavalin A binding to fibronectin during progressive thermal-induced unfolding of the protein core. 26148749 3 56 theme fibronectin 654:664 arg1 moieties 642:649 glycosylated moieties 629:649 glycosylated moieties of fibronectin undergoing thermal-induced conformational changes 629:714 Using lectins as probes, we developed an approach comprising dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry to assess the accessibility of glycosylated moieties of fibronectin undergoing thermal-induced conformational changes. 26148749 4 57 theme mannose-binding 776:790 arg1 A 827:827 concanavalin A 814:827 concanavalin A 814:827 Among a set of 14 lectins, fibronectin mainly reacted with mannose-binding lectins, specifically concanavalin A. 26148749 4 57 theme mannose-binding 776:790 arg1 lectins 792:798 mannose-binding lectins 776:798 mannose-binding lectins 776:798 Among a set of 14 lectins, fibronectin mainly reacted with mannose-binding lectins, specifically concanavalin A. 26148749 5 58 theme A 958:958 arg1 conformation 929:940 the conformation 925:940 the conformation of concanavalin A 925:958 When temperature was raised from 25 to 50 °C, fibronectin underwent progressive unfolding, but the conformation of concanavalin A was unaffected. 26148749 5 59 theme concanavalin 945:956 arg1 A 958:958 concanavalin A 945:958 concanavalin A 945:958 When temperature was raised from 25 to 50 °C, fibronectin underwent progressive unfolding, but the conformation of concanavalin A was unaffected. 26148749 0 60 theme glycans 62:68 arg1 accessibility 36:48 the accessibility 32:48 the accessibility of N-linked glycans in relation to the conformational changes of fibronectin 32:125 Lectins as probes for assessing the accessibility of N-linked glycans in relation to the conformational changes of fibronectin. 26148749 9 61 theme better 1651:1656 arg1 understanding 1658:1670 a better understanding 1649:1670 a better understanding 1649:1670 Thus, lectins might be useful tools to probe the glycosylation accessibility accompanying changes in protein core folding, for which a better understanding would be of value for biological and biomedical research. 26148749 6 62 theme protein 1173:1179 arg1 core 1181:1184 the protein core 1169:1184 the protein core 1169:1184 Dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry showed increased concanavalin A binding to fibronectin during progressive thermal-induced unfolding of the protein core. 26148749 6 63 theme progressive 1128:1138 arg1 unfolding 1156:1164 progressive thermal-induced unfolding 1128:1164 progressive thermal-induced unfolding of the protein core 1128:1184 Dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry showed increased concanavalin A binding to fibronectin during progressive thermal-induced unfolding of the protein core. 26148749 0 64 theme N-linked 53:60 arg1 glycans 62:68 N-linked glycans 53:68 N-linked glycans 53:68 Lectins as probes for assessing the accessibility of N-linked glycans in relation to the conformational changes of fibronectin. 26148749 6 65 theme titration 1044:1052 arg1 calorimetry 1054:1064 isothermal titration calorimetry 1033:1064 isothermal titration calorimetry 1033:1064 Dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry showed increased concanavalin A binding to fibronectin during progressive thermal-induced unfolding of the protein core. 26148749 9 66 theme protein 1617:1623 arg1 folding 1630:1636 protein core folding 1617:1636 protein core folding 1617:1636 Thus, lectins might be useful tools to probe the glycosylation accessibility accompanying changes in protein core folding, for which a better understanding would be of value for biological and biomedical research. 26148749 1 67 theme key 197:199 arg1 Fibronectin 128:138 Fibronectin 128:138 Fibronectin 128:138 Fibronectin, a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation, is a key component of extracellular matrices and has a high conformational lability regarding its functions. 26148749 1 67 theme key 197:199 arg1 component 201:209 a key component 195:209 a key component of extracellular matrices 195:235 Fibronectin, a ≈ 450-kDa protein with 4-9% (w/w) glycosylation, is a key component of extracellular matrices and has a high conformational lability regarding its functions. 26158756 0 0 theme N-Linked 91:98 arg1 Substituents 114:125 N-Linked Oxazolidinone Substituents 91:125 N-Linked Oxazolidinone Substituents Leading to a Clinical Candidate (ETX0914) 91:167 Discovery of Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones: Benzisoxazole Fusion with N-Linked Oxazolidinone Substituents Leading to a Clinical Candidate (ETX0914). 26158756 4 1 from concentrations 949:962 arg1 toxicity 915:922 no bone marrow toxicity 900:922 no bone marrow toxicity 900:922 Compounds showed a clean in vitro toxicity profile, including no genotoxicity and no bone marrow toxicity at the highest evaluated concentrations or other issues that have been problematic for some fluoroquinolones. 26158756 4 1 from concentrations 949:962 arg1 genotoxicity 883:894 genotoxicity 883:894 genotoxicity 883:894 Compounds showed a clean in vitro toxicity profile, including no genotoxicity and no bone marrow toxicity at the highest evaluated concentrations or other issues that have been problematic for some fluoroquinolones. 26158756 2 2 theme infection 664:672 arg1 model 674:678 an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model 631:678 an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model 631:678 Here, we describe a series of N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class, show favorable PK properties, and demonstrate efficacy in an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model. 26158756 2 3 from benzisoxazole 467:479 arg1 series 414:419 a series 412:419 a series of N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class 412:570 Here, we describe a series of N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class, show favorable PK properties, and demonstrate efficacy in an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model. 26158756 4 4 dep in 843:844 arg1 vitro 846:850 vitro 846:850 vitro 846:850 Compounds showed a clean in vitro toxicity profile, including no genotoxicity and no bone marrow toxicity at the highest evaluated concentrations or other issues that have been problematic for some fluoroquinolones. 26158756 4 5 theme evaluated 939:947 arg1 problematic 995:1005 problematic 995:1005 problematic 995:1005 Compounds showed a clean in vitro toxicity profile, including no genotoxicity and no bone marrow toxicity at the highest evaluated concentrations or other issues that have been problematic for some fluoroquinolones. 26158756 4 5 theme evaluated 939:947 arg1 concentrations 949:962 the highest evaluated concentrations 927:962 the highest evaluated concentrations 927:962 Compounds showed a clean in vitro toxicity profile, including no genotoxicity and no bone marrow toxicity at the highest evaluated concentrations or other issues that have been problematic for some fluoroquinolones. 26158756 2 6 theme substituents 447:458 arg1 series 414:419 a series 412:419 a series of N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class 412:570 Here, we describe a series of N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class, show favorable PK properties, and demonstrate efficacy in an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model. 26158756 5 7 theme favorable 1227:1235 arg1 profile 1244:1250 the favorable safety profile 1223:1250 the favorable safety profile 1223:1250 Compound 1u was identified for advancement into human clinical trials for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea based on a variety of beneficial attributes including the potent activity and the favorable safety profile. 26158756 2 8 theme aureus 657:662 arg1 model 674:678 an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model 631:678 an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model 631:678 Here, we describe a series of N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class, show favorable PK properties, and demonstrate efficacy in an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model. 26158756 5 9 theme attributes 1178:1187 arg1 profile 1244:1250 the favorable safety profile 1223:1250 the favorable safety profile 1223:1250 Compound 1u was identified for advancement into human clinical trials for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea based on a variety of beneficial attributes including the potent activity and the favorable safety profile. 26158756 5 9 theme attributes 1178:1187 arg1 activity 1210:1217 the potent activity 1199:1217 the potent activity 1199:1217 Compound 1u was identified for advancement into human clinical trials for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea based on a variety of beneficial attributes including the potent activity and the favorable safety profile. 26158756 5 9 theme attributes 1178:1187 arg1 variety 1156:1162 a variety 1154:1162 a variety of beneficial attributes including the potent activity and the favorable safety profile 1154:1250 Compound 1u was identified for advancement into human clinical trials for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea based on a variety of beneficial attributes including the potent activity and the favorable safety profile. 26158756 5 9 theme attributes 1178:1187 arg1 attributes 1178:1187 beneficial attributes 1167:1187 beneficial attributes including the potent activity and the favorable safety profile 1167:1250 Compound 1u was identified for advancement into human clinical trials for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea based on a variety of beneficial attributes including the potent activity and the favorable safety profile. 26158756 2 10 from efficacy 619:626 arg1 model 674:678 an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model 631:678 an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model 631:678 Here, we describe a series of N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class, show favorable PK properties, and demonstrate efficacy in an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model. 26158756 2 11 theme PK 588:589 arg1 properties 591:600 favorable PK properties 578:600 favorable PK properties 578:600 Here, we describe a series of N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class, show favorable PK properties, and demonstrate efficacy in an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model. 26158756 3 12 theme DNA 714:716 arg1 gyrase 718:723 DNA gyrase 714:723 DNA gyrase 714:723 Inhibition of the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms was demonstrated. 26158756 3 12 theme DNA 714:716 arg1 topoisomerases 699:712 the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV 695:744 the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms 695:798 Inhibition of the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms was demonstrated. 26158756 2 13 theme Staphylococcus 642:655 arg1 model 674:678 an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model 631:678 an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model 631:678 Here, we describe a series of N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class, show favorable PK properties, and demonstrate efficacy in an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model. 26158756 4 14 theme in 843:844 arg1 profile 861:867 a clean in vitro toxicity profile 835:867 a clean in vitro toxicity profile 835:867 Compounds showed a clean in vitro toxicity profile, including no genotoxicity and no bone marrow toxicity at the highest evaluated concentrations or other issues that have been problematic for some fluoroquinolones. 26158756 1 15 theme benzisoxazole 288:300 arg1 scaffold 302:309 a benzisoxazole scaffold 286:309 a benzisoxazole scaffold 286:309 A novel class of bacterial type-II topoisomerase inhibitor displaying a spiropyrimidinetrione architecture fused to a benzisoxazole scaffold shows potent activity against Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative bacteria. 26158756 0 16 theme Oxazolidinone 100:112 arg1 Substituents 114:125 N-Linked Oxazolidinone Substituents 91:125 N-Linked Oxazolidinone Substituents Leading to a Clinical Candidate (ETX0914) 91:167 Discovery of Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones: Benzisoxazole Fusion with N-Linked Oxazolidinone Substituents Leading to a Clinical Candidate (ETX0914). 26158756 2 17 theme vivo 637:640 arg1 model 674:678 an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model 631:678 an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model 631:678 Here, we describe a series of N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class, show favorable PK properties, and demonstrate efficacy in an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model. 26158756 0 18 with Fusion 79:84 arg1 Substituents 114:125 N-Linked Oxazolidinone Substituents 91:125 N-Linked Oxazolidinone Substituents Leading to a Clinical Candidate (ETX0914) 91:167 Discovery of Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones: Benzisoxazole Fusion with N-Linked Oxazolidinone Substituents Leading to a Clinical Candidate (ETX0914). 26158756 4 19 theme clean 837:841 arg1 profile 861:867 a clean in vitro toxicity profile 835:867 a clean in vitro toxicity profile 835:867 Compounds showed a clean in vitro toxicity profile, including no genotoxicity and no bone marrow toxicity at the highest evaluated concentrations or other issues that have been problematic for some fluoroquinolones. 26158756 4 20 theme toxicity 852:859 arg1 profile 861:867 a clean in vitro toxicity profile 835:867 a clean in vitro toxicity profile 835:867 Compounds showed a clean in vitro toxicity profile, including no genotoxicity and no bone marrow toxicity at the highest evaluated concentrations or other issues that have been problematic for some fluoroquinolones. 26158756 1 21 theme novel 172:176 arg1 class 178:182 A novel class 170:182 A novel class of bacterial type-II topoisomerase inhibitor displaying a spiropyrimidinetrione architecture fused to a benzisoxazole scaffold 170:309 A novel class of bacterial type-II topoisomerase inhibitor displaying a spiropyrimidinetrione architecture fused to a benzisoxazole scaffold shows potent activity against Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative bacteria. 26158756 3 22 theme Gram-negative 776:788 arg1 organisms 790:798 both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms 751:798 both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms 751:798 Inhibition of the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms was demonstrated. 26158756 2 23 theme described 539:547 arg1 compounds 549:557 initially described compounds 529:557 initially described compounds of the class 529:570 Here, we describe a series of N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class, show favorable PK properties, and demonstrate efficacy in an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model. 26158756 3 24 dep topoisomerases 699:712 arg1 gyrase 718:723 DNA gyrase 714:723 DNA gyrase 714:723 Inhibition of the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms was demonstrated. 26158756 3 24 dep topoisomerases 699:712 arg1 IV 743:744 topoisomerase IV 729:744 topoisomerase IV 729:744 Inhibition of the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms was demonstrated. 26158756 3 24 dep topoisomerases 699:712 arg1 topoisomerases 699:712 the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV 695:744 the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms 695:798 Inhibition of the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms was demonstrated. 26158756 3 25 from Inhibition 681:690 arg1 organisms 790:798 both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms 751:798 both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms 751:798 Inhibition of the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms was demonstrated. 26158756 2 26 theme oxazolidinone 433:445 arg1 substituents 447:458 N-linked oxazolidinone substituents 424:458 N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class 424:570 Here, we describe a series of N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class, show favorable PK properties, and demonstrate efficacy in an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model. 26158756 2 27 theme antibacterial 503:515 arg1 activity 517:524 the antibacterial activity 499:524 the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class 499:570 Here, we describe a series of N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class, show favorable PK properties, and demonstrate efficacy in an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model. 26158756 2 28 theme compounds 549:557 arg1 activity 517:524 the antibacterial activity 499:524 the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class 499:570 Here, we describe a series of N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class, show favorable PK properties, and demonstrate efficacy in an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model. 26158756 5 29 theme clinical 1088:1095 arg1 trials 1097:1102 human clinical trials 1082:1102 human clinical trials for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea based on a variety of beneficial attributes including the potent activity and the favorable safety profile 1082:1250 Compound 1u was identified for advancement into human clinical trials for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea based on a variety of beneficial attributes including the potent activity and the favorable safety profile. 26158756 2 30 theme N-linked 424:431 arg1 substituents 447:458 N-linked oxazolidinone substituents 424:458 N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class 424:570 Here, we describe a series of N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class, show favorable PK properties, and demonstrate efficacy in an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model. 26158756 3 31 from organisms 790:798 arg1 IV 743:744 topoisomerase IV 729:744 topoisomerase IV 729:744 Inhibition of the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms was demonstrated. 26158756 3 31 from organisms 790:798 arg1 gyrase 718:723 DNA gyrase 714:723 DNA gyrase 714:723 Inhibition of the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms was demonstrated. 26158756 3 31 from organisms 790:798 arg1 Inhibition 681:690 Inhibition 681:690 Inhibition of the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms 681:798 Inhibition of the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms was demonstrated. 26158756 3 31 from organisms 790:798 arg1 topoisomerases 699:712 the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV 695:744 the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms 695:798 Inhibition of the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms was demonstrated. 26158756 5 32 theme safety 1237:1242 arg1 profile 1244:1250 the favorable safety profile 1223:1250 the favorable safety profile 1223:1250 Compound 1u was identified for advancement into human clinical trials for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea based on a variety of beneficial attributes including the potent activity and the favorable safety profile. 26158756 2 33 from series 414:419 arg1 benzisoxazole 467:479 the benzisoxazole 463:479 the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class 463:570 Here, we describe a series of N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class, show favorable PK properties, and demonstrate efficacy in an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model. 26158756 1 34 theme bacterial 187:195 arg1 inhibitor 219:227 bacterial type-II topoisomerase inhibitor 187:227 bacterial type-II topoisomerase inhibitor 187:227 A novel class of bacterial type-II topoisomerase inhibitor displaying a spiropyrimidinetrione architecture fused to a benzisoxazole scaffold shows potent activity against Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative bacteria. 26158756 0 35 theme DNA 19:21 arg1 Spiropyrimidinetriones 41:62 Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones 13:62 Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones 13:62 Discovery of Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones: Benzisoxazole Fusion with N-Linked Oxazolidinone Substituents Leading to a Clinical Candidate (ETX0914). 26158756 1 36 theme potent 317:322 arg1 activity 324:331 potent activity 317:331 potent activity against Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative bacteria 317:391 A novel class of bacterial type-II topoisomerase inhibitor displaying a spiropyrimidinetrione architecture fused to a benzisoxazole scaffold shows potent activity against Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative bacteria. 26158756 0 37 theme Clinical 140:147 arg1 Candidate 149:157 a Clinical Candidate 138:157 a Clinical Candidate (ETX0914) 138:167 Discovery of Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones: Benzisoxazole Fusion with N-Linked Oxazolidinone Substituents Leading to a Clinical Candidate (ETX0914). 26158756 0 37 theme Clinical 140:147 arg1 ETX0914 160:166 ETX0914 160:166 ETX0914 160:166 Discovery of Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones: Benzisoxazole Fusion with N-Linked Oxazolidinone Substituents Leading to a Clinical Candidate (ETX0914). 26158756 5 38 theme uncomplicated 1121:1133 arg1 gonorrhea 1135:1143 uncomplicated gonorrhea 1121:1143 uncomplicated gonorrhea based on a variety of beneficial attributes including the potent activity and the favorable safety profile 1121:1250 Compound 1u was identified for advancement into human clinical trials for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea based on a variety of beneficial attributes including the potent activity and the favorable safety profile. 26158756 4 39 theme highest 931:937 arg1 problematic 995:1005 problematic 995:1005 problematic 995:1005 Compounds showed a clean in vitro toxicity profile, including no genotoxicity and no bone marrow toxicity at the highest evaluated concentrations or other issues that have been problematic for some fluoroquinolones. 26158756 4 39 theme highest 931:937 arg1 concentrations 949:962 the highest evaluated concentrations 927:962 the highest evaluated concentrations 927:962 Compounds showed a clean in vitro toxicity profile, including no genotoxicity and no bone marrow toxicity at the highest evaluated concentrations or other issues that have been problematic for some fluoroquinolones. 26158756 1 40 theme type-II 197:203 arg1 inhibitor 219:227 bacterial type-II topoisomerase inhibitor 187:227 bacterial type-II topoisomerase inhibitor 187:227 A novel class of bacterial type-II topoisomerase inhibitor displaying a spiropyrimidinetrione architecture fused to a benzisoxazole scaffold shows potent activity against Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative bacteria. 26158756 0 41 theme Novel 13:17 arg1 Spiropyrimidinetriones 41:62 Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones 13:62 Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones 13:62 Discovery of Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones: Benzisoxazole Fusion with N-Linked Oxazolidinone Substituents Leading to a Clinical Candidate (ETX0914). 26158756 2 42 link N-linked 424:431 arg1 substituents 447:458 N-linked oxazolidinone substituents 424:458 N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class 424:570 Here, we describe a series of N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class, show favorable PK properties, and demonstrate efficacy in an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model. 26158756 1 43 theme topoisomerase 205:217 arg1 inhibitor 219:227 bacterial type-II topoisomerase inhibitor 187:227 bacterial type-II topoisomerase inhibitor 187:227 A novel class of bacterial type-II topoisomerase inhibitor displaying a spiropyrimidinetrione architecture fused to a benzisoxazole scaffold shows potent activity against Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative bacteria. 26158756 0 44 theme Inhibiting 30:39 arg1 Spiropyrimidinetriones 41:62 Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones 13:62 Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones 13:62 Discovery of Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones: Benzisoxazole Fusion with N-Linked Oxazolidinone Substituents Leading to a Clinical Candidate (ETX0914). 26158756 1 45 theme inhibitor 219:227 arg1 class 178:182 A novel class 170:182 A novel class of bacterial type-II topoisomerase inhibitor displaying a spiropyrimidinetrione architecture fused to a benzisoxazole scaffold 170:309 A novel class of bacterial type-II topoisomerase inhibitor displaying a spiropyrimidinetrione architecture fused to a benzisoxazole scaffold shows potent activity against Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative bacteria. 26158756 0 46 theme Gyrase 23:28 arg1 Spiropyrimidinetriones 41:62 Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones 13:62 Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones 13:62 Discovery of Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones: Benzisoxazole Fusion with N-Linked Oxazolidinone Substituents Leading to a Clinical Candidate (ETX0914). 26158756 1 47 theme Gram-positive 341:353 arg1 bacteria 384:391 Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative bacteria 341:391 Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative bacteria 341:391 A novel class of bacterial type-II topoisomerase inhibitor displaying a spiropyrimidinetrione architecture fused to a benzisoxazole scaffold shows potent activity against Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative bacteria. 26158756 5 48 theme beneficial 1167:1176 arg1 profile 1244:1250 the favorable safety profile 1223:1250 the favorable safety profile 1223:1250 Compound 1u was identified for advancement into human clinical trials for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea based on a variety of beneficial attributes including the potent activity and the favorable safety profile. 26158756 5 48 theme beneficial 1167:1176 arg1 activity 1210:1217 the potent activity 1199:1217 the potent activity 1199:1217 Compound 1u was identified for advancement into human clinical trials for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea based on a variety of beneficial attributes including the potent activity and the favorable safety profile. 26158756 5 48 theme beneficial 1167:1176 arg1 attributes 1178:1187 beneficial attributes 1167:1187 beneficial attributes including the potent activity and the favorable safety profile 1167:1250 Compound 1u was identified for advancement into human clinical trials for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea based on a variety of beneficial attributes including the potent activity and the favorable safety profile. 26158756 2 49 theme in 634:635 arg1 model 674:678 an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model 631:678 an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model 631:678 Here, we describe a series of N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class, show favorable PK properties, and demonstrate efficacy in an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model. 26158756 3 50 theme topoisomerases 699:712 arg1 Inhibition 681:690 Inhibition 681:690 Inhibition of the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms 681:798 Inhibition of the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms was demonstrated. 26158756 4 51 theme bone 903:906 arg1 marrow 908:913 bone marrow 903:913 no bone marrow toxicity 900:922 Compounds showed a clean in vitro toxicity profile, including no genotoxicity and no bone marrow toxicity at the highest evaluated concentrations or other issues that have been problematic for some fluoroquinolones. 26158756 5 52 theme potent 1203:1208 arg1 activity 1210:1217 the potent activity 1199:1217 the potent activity 1199:1217 Compound 1u was identified for advancement into human clinical trials for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea based on a variety of beneficial attributes including the potent activity and the favorable safety profile. 26158756 0 53 theme Spiropyrimidinetriones 41:62 arg1 Discovery 0:8 Discovery 0:8 Discovery of Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones: Benzisoxazole Fusion with N-Linked Oxazolidinone Substituents Leading to a Clinical Candidate (ETX0914). 0:168 Discovery of Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones: Benzisoxazole Fusion with N-Linked Oxazolidinone Substituents Leading to a Clinical Candidate (ETX0914). 26158756 1 54 theme fastidious 359:368 arg1 bacteria 384:391 Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative bacteria 341:391 Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative bacteria 341:391 A novel class of bacterial type-II topoisomerase inhibitor displaying a spiropyrimidinetrione architecture fused to a benzisoxazole scaffold shows potent activity against Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative bacteria. 26158756 4 55 theme other 967:971 arg1 issues 973:978 other issues 967:978 other issues 967:978 Compounds showed a clean in vitro toxicity profile, including no genotoxicity and no bone marrow toxicity at the highest evaluated concentrations or other issues that have been problematic for some fluoroquinolones. 26158756 5 56 theme gonorrhea 1135:1143 arg1 treatment 1108:1116 treatment 1108:1116 treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea based on a variety of beneficial attributes including the potent activity and the favorable safety profile 1108:1250 Compound 1u was identified for advancement into human clinical trials for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea based on a variety of beneficial attributes including the potent activity and the favorable safety profile. 26158756 4 57 theme marrow 908:913 arg1 toxicity 915:922 no bone marrow toxicity 900:922 no bone marrow toxicity 900:922 Compounds showed a clean in vitro toxicity profile, including no genotoxicity and no bone marrow toxicity at the highest evaluated concentrations or other issues that have been problematic for some fluoroquinolones. 26158756 2 58 from substituents 447:458 arg1 benzisoxazole 467:479 the benzisoxazole 463:479 the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class 463:570 Here, we describe a series of N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class, show favorable PK properties, and demonstrate efficacy in an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model. 26158756 1 59 theme Gram-negative 370:382 arg1 bacteria 384:391 Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative bacteria 341:391 Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative bacteria 341:391 A novel class of bacterial type-II topoisomerase inhibitor displaying a spiropyrimidinetrione architecture fused to a benzisoxazole scaffold shows potent activity against Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative bacteria. 26158756 4 60 from issues 973:978 arg1 toxicity 915:922 no bone marrow toxicity 900:922 no bone marrow toxicity 900:922 Compounds showed a clean in vitro toxicity profile, including no genotoxicity and no bone marrow toxicity at the highest evaluated concentrations or other issues that have been problematic for some fluoroquinolones. 26158756 4 60 from issues 973:978 arg1 genotoxicity 883:894 genotoxicity 883:894 genotoxicity 883:894 Compounds showed a clean in vitro toxicity profile, including no genotoxicity and no bone marrow toxicity at the highest evaluated concentrations or other issues that have been problematic for some fluoroquinolones. 26158756 5 61 theme human 1082:1086 arg1 trials 1097:1102 human clinical trials 1082:1102 human clinical trials for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea based on a variety of beneficial attributes including the potent activity and the favorable safety profile 1082:1250 Compound 1u was identified for advancement into human clinical trials for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea based on a variety of beneficial attributes including the potent activity and the favorable safety profile. 26158756 1 62 theme spiropyrimidinetrione 242:262 arg1 architecture 264:275 a spiropyrimidinetrione architecture 240:275 a spiropyrimidinetrione architecture fused to a benzisoxazole scaffold 240:309 A novel class of bacterial type-II topoisomerase inhibitor displaying a spiropyrimidinetrione architecture fused to a benzisoxazole scaffold shows potent activity against Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative bacteria. 26158756 2 63 theme class 566:570 arg1 compounds 549:557 initially described compounds 529:557 initially described compounds of the class 529:570 Here, we describe a series of N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class, show favorable PK properties, and demonstrate efficacy in an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model. 26158756 3 64 theme topoisomerase 729:741 arg1 IV 743:744 topoisomerase IV 729:744 topoisomerase IV 729:744 Inhibition of the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms was demonstrated. 26158756 3 64 theme topoisomerase 729:741 arg1 topoisomerases 699:712 the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV 695:744 the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms 695:798 Inhibition of the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms was demonstrated. 26158756 3 65 theme Gram-positive 756:768 arg1 organisms 790:798 both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms 751:798 both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms 751:798 Inhibition of the topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from both Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organisms was demonstrated. 26158756 0 66 theme Benzisoxazole 65:77 arg1 Fusion 79:84 Benzisoxazole Fusion 65:84 Discovery of Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones: Benzisoxazole Fusion with N-Linked Oxazolidinone Substituents Leading to a Clinical Candidate (ETX0914). 0:168 Discovery of Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones: Benzisoxazole Fusion with N-Linked Oxazolidinone Substituents Leading to a Clinical Candidate (ETX0914). 26158756 0 67 dep Discovery 0:8 arg1 Fusion 79:84 Benzisoxazole Fusion 65:84 Discovery of Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones: Benzisoxazole Fusion with N-Linked Oxazolidinone Substituents Leading to a Clinical Candidate (ETX0914). 0:168 Discovery of Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibiting Spiropyrimidinetriones: Benzisoxazole Fusion with N-Linked Oxazolidinone Substituents Leading to a Clinical Candidate (ETX0914). 26158756 2 68 theme favorable 578:586 arg1 properties 591:600 favorable PK properties 578:600 favorable PK properties 578:600 Here, we describe a series of N-linked oxazolidinone substituents on the benzisoxazole that improve upon the antibacterial activity of initially described compounds of the class, show favorable PK properties, and demonstrate efficacy in an in vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model. 27137515 5 0 theme specific 725:732 arg1 protein 740:746 a specific serum protein 723:746 a specific serum protein 723:746 We have developed a method for determining the glycosylation pattern of proteins based on the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, and the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS. 27137515 5 0 theme specific 725:732 arg1 release 763:769 the enzymatic release 749:769 the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans 749:793 We have developed a method for determining the glycosylation pattern of proteins based on the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, and the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS. 27137515 4 1 theme present 461:467 arg1 lack 471:474 present a lack 461:474 present a lack of rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques for the determination of the glycosylation of specific serum proteins 461:606 There is at present a lack of rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques for the determination of the glycosylation of specific serum proteins. 27137515 7 2 theme samples 1075:1081 arg1 possibility 1046:1056 the possibility 1042:1056 the possibility of processing 54 samples 1042:1081 The sample preparation is miniaturized, requiring only 1 μL of sample per determination, and automated with the possibility of processing 54 samples in parallel in 3.5 h. 27137515 7 3 theme sample 938:943 arg1 preparation 945:955 The sample preparation 934:955 The sample preparation 934:955 The sample preparation is miniaturized, requiring only 1 μL of sample per determination, and automated with the possibility of processing 54 samples in parallel in 3.5 h. 27137515 7 3 theme sample 938:943 arg1 miniaturized 960:971 miniaturized 960:971 miniaturized 960:971 The sample preparation is miniaturized, requiring only 1 μL of sample per determination, and automated with the possibility of processing 54 samples in parallel in 3.5 h. 27137515 5 4 gly glycosylation 656:668 arg1 proteins 681:688 proteins 681:688 proteins based on the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, and the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS 681:848 We have developed a method for determining the glycosylation pattern of proteins based on the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, and the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS. 27137515 5 5 theme serum 734:738 arg1 protein 740:746 a specific serum protein 723:746 a specific serum protein 723:746 We have developed a method for determining the glycosylation pattern of proteins based on the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, and the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS. 27137515 5 5 theme serum 734:738 arg1 release 763:769 the enzymatic release 749:769 the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans 749:793 We have developed a method for determining the glycosylation pattern of proteins based on the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, and the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS. 27137515 6 6 theme sample 855:860 arg1 preparation 862:872 All sample preparation 851:872 All sample preparation 851:872 All sample preparation is performed in a disposable centrifugal microfluidic disc. 27137515 3 7 theme glycosylation 329:341 arg1 biomarkers 367:376 biomarkers 367:376 biomarkers for disease 367:388 The possibility of using the glycosylation patterns of proteins as biomarkers for disease would be a great asset for clinical research or diagnosis. 27137515 3 7 theme glycosylation 329:341 arg1 patterns 343:350 the glycosylation patterns 325:350 the glycosylation patterns of proteins 325:362 The possibility of using the glycosylation patterns of proteins as biomarkers for disease would be a great asset for clinical research or diagnosis. 27137515 9 8 theme alcohol 1244:1250 arg1 abusers 1252:1258 chronic alcohol abusers 1236:1258 chronic alcohol abusers 1236:1258 The method has been tested on serum samples from chronic alcohol abusers and a control group. 27137515 7 9 theme processing 1061:1070 arg1 samples 1075:1081 processing 54 samples 1061:1081 processing 54 samples 1061:1081 The sample preparation is miniaturized, requiring only 1 μL of sample per determination, and automated with the possibility of processing 54 samples in parallel in 3.5 h. 27137515 4 10 gly glycosylation 567:579 arg1 proteins 599:606 specific serum proteins 584:606 specific serum proteins 584:606 There is at present a lack of rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques for the determination of the glycosylation of specific serum proteins. 27137515 2 11 theme immunological 243:255 arg1 disorders 257:265 immunological disorders 243:265 immunological disorders 243:265 This has been shown for cancer, immunological disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. 27137515 5 12 theme affinity 703:710 arg1 capture 712:718 the affinity capture 699:718 the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, 699:794 We have developed a method for determining the glycosylation pattern of proteins based on the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, and the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS. 27137515 8 13 gly glycosylation 1140:1152 arg1 transferrin 1174:1184 transferrin 1174:1184 transferrin 1174:1184 We have developed a method for the glycosylation pattern analysis of transferrin. 27137515 0 14 theme profile 9:15 arg1 analysis 17:24 N-Glycan profile analysis 0:24 N-Glycan profile analysis of transferrin using a microfluidic compact disc and MALDI-MS. 0:87 N-Glycan profile analysis of transferrin using a microfluidic compact disc and MALDI-MS. 27137515 6 15 theme centrifugal 903:913 arg1 disc 928:931 a disposable centrifugal microfluidic disc 890:931 a disposable centrifugal microfluidic disc 890:931 All sample preparation is performed in a disposable centrifugal microfluidic disc. 27137515 9 16 from group 1274:1278 arg1 samples 1223:1229 serum samples 1217:1229 serum samples from chronic alcohol abusers and a control group 1217:1278 The method has been tested on serum samples from chronic alcohol abusers and a control group. 27137515 6 17 theme microfluidic 915:926 arg1 disc 928:931 a disposable centrifugal microfluidic disc 890:931 a disposable centrifugal microfluidic disc 890:931 All sample preparation is performed in a disposable centrifugal microfluidic disc. 27137515 0 18 theme N-Glycan 0:7 arg1 analysis 17:24 N-Glycan profile analysis 0:24 N-Glycan profile analysis of transferrin using a microfluidic compact disc and MALDI-MS. 0:87 N-Glycan profile analysis of transferrin using a microfluidic compact disc and MALDI-MS. 27137515 4 19 theme cost-efficient 501:514 arg1 techniques 527:536 rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques 479:536 rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques for the determination of the glycosylation of specific serum proteins 479:606 There is at present a lack of rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques for the determination of the glycosylation of specific serum proteins. 27137515 1 20 gly glycosylation 175:187 arg1 proteins 201:208 specific proteins 192:208 specific proteins 192:208 It has been known for a long time that diseases can be associated with changes to the glycosylation of specific proteins. 27137515 2 21 theme neurodegenerative 272:288 arg1 diseases 290:297 neurodegenerative diseases 272:297 neurodegenerative diseases 272:297 This has been shown for cancer, immunological disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. 27137515 3 22 theme great 401:405 arg1 asset 407:411 a great asset 399:411 a great asset for clinical research or diagnosis 399:446 The possibility of using the glycosylation patterns of proteins as biomarkers for disease would be a great asset for clinical research or diagnosis. 27137515 3 22 theme great 401:405 arg1 possibility 304:314 The possibility 300:314 The possibility of using the glycosylation patterns of proteins as biomarkers for disease 300:388 The possibility of using the glycosylation patterns of proteins as biomarkers for disease would be a great asset for clinical research or diagnosis. 27137515 8 23 theme glycosylation 1140:1152 arg1 analysis 1162:1169 the glycosylation pattern analysis 1136:1169 the glycosylation pattern analysis of transferrin 1136:1184 We have developed a method for the glycosylation pattern analysis of transferrin. 27137515 1 24 dep time 118:121 arg1 associated 144:153 associated 144:153 can be associated with changes to the glycosylation of specific proteins 137:208 It has been known for a long time that diseases can be associated with changes to the glycosylation of specific proteins. 27137515 4 25 theme proteins 599:606 arg1 glycosylation 567:579 the glycosylation 563:579 the glycosylation of specific serum proteins 563:606 There is at present a lack of rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques for the determination of the glycosylation of specific serum proteins. 27137515 3 26 theme proteins 355:362 arg1 biomarkers 367:376 biomarkers 367:376 biomarkers for disease 367:388 The possibility of using the glycosylation patterns of proteins as biomarkers for disease would be a great asset for clinical research or diagnosis. 27137515 3 26 theme proteins 355:362 arg1 patterns 343:350 the glycosylation patterns 325:350 the glycosylation patterns of proteins 325:362 The possibility of using the glycosylation patterns of proteins as biomarkers for disease would be a great asset for clinical research or diagnosis. 27137515 4 27 theme techniques 527:536 arg1 lack 471:474 present a lack 461:474 present a lack of rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques for the determination of the glycosylation of specific serum proteins 461:606 There is at present a lack of rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques for the determination of the glycosylation of specific serum proteins. 27137515 3 28 gly glycosylation 329:341 arg1 proteins 355:362 proteins 355:362 proteins 355:362 The possibility of using the glycosylation patterns of proteins as biomarkers for disease would be a great asset for clinical research or diagnosis. 27137515 4 29 theme serum 593:597 arg1 proteins 599:606 specific serum proteins 584:606 specific serum proteins 584:606 There is at present a lack of rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques for the determination of the glycosylation of specific serum proteins. 27137515 5 30 theme protein 740:746 arg1 capture 712:718 the affinity capture 699:718 the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, 699:794 We have developed a method for determining the glycosylation pattern of proteins based on the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, and the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS. 27137515 5 30 theme protein 740:746 arg1 analysis 804:811 the analysis 800:811 the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS 800:848 We have developed a method for determining the glycosylation pattern of proteins based on the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, and the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS. 27137515 4 31 theme analytical 516:525 arg1 techniques 527:536 rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques 479:536 rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques for the determination of the glycosylation of specific serum proteins 479:606 There is at present a lack of rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques for the determination of the glycosylation of specific serum proteins. 27137515 5 32 theme proteins 681:688 arg1 pattern 670:676 the glycosylation pattern 652:676 the glycosylation pattern of proteins based on the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, and the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS 652:848 We have developed a method for determining the glycosylation pattern of proteins based on the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, and the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS. 27137515 5 33 theme glycan 820:825 arg1 pattern 827:833 the glycan pattern 816:833 the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS 816:848 We have developed a method for determining the glycosylation pattern of proteins based on the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, and the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS. 27137515 3 34 theme clinical 417:424 arg1 research 426:433 clinical research 417:433 clinical research 417:433 The possibility of using the glycosylation patterns of proteins as biomarkers for disease would be a great asset for clinical research or diagnosis. 27137515 0 35 theme transferrin 29:39 arg1 analysis 17:24 N-Glycan profile analysis 0:24 N-Glycan profile analysis of transferrin using a microfluidic compact disc and MALDI-MS. 0:87 N-Glycan profile analysis of transferrin using a microfluidic compact disc and MALDI-MS. 27137515 6 36 theme disposable 892:901 arg1 disc 928:931 a disposable centrifugal microfluidic disc 890:931 a disposable centrifugal microfluidic disc 890:931 All sample preparation is performed in a disposable centrifugal microfluidic disc. 27137515 8 37 theme pattern 1154:1160 arg1 analysis 1162:1169 the glycosylation pattern analysis 1136:1169 the glycosylation pattern analysis of transferrin 1136:1184 We have developed a method for the glycosylation pattern analysis of transferrin. 27137515 9 38 from abusers 1252:1258 arg1 samples 1223:1229 serum samples 1217:1229 serum samples from chronic alcohol abusers and a control group 1217:1278 The method has been tested on serum samples from chronic alcohol abusers and a control group. 27137515 7 39 with automated 1027:1035 arg1 possibility 1046:1056 the possibility 1042:1056 the possibility of processing 54 samples 1042:1081 The sample preparation is miniaturized, requiring only 1 μL of sample per determination, and automated with the possibility of processing 54 samples in parallel in 3.5 h. 27137515 0 40 theme microfluidic 49:60 arg1 disc 70:73 a microfluidic compact disc 47:73 a microfluidic compact disc 47:73 N-Glycan profile analysis of transferrin using a microfluidic compact disc and MALDI-MS. 27137515 4 41 theme rapid 479:483 arg1 techniques 527:536 rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques 479:536 rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques for the determination of the glycosylation of specific serum proteins 479:606 There is at present a lack of rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques for the determination of the glycosylation of specific serum proteins. 27137515 7 42 theme sample 997:1002 arg1 1 μL 989:992 only 1 μL 984:992 only 1 μL of sample per determination 984:1020 The sample preparation is miniaturized, requiring only 1 μL of sample per determination, and automated with the possibility of processing 54 samples in parallel in 3.5 h. 27137515 7 43 theme only 984:987 arg1 1 μL 989:992 only 1 μL 984:992 only 1 μL of sample per determination 984:1020 The sample preparation is miniaturized, requiring only 1 μL of sample per determination, and automated with the possibility of processing 54 samples in parallel in 3.5 h. 27137515 7 44 from miniaturized 960:971 arg1 parallel 1086:1093 parallel 1086:1093 parallel in 3.5 h 1086:1102 The sample preparation is miniaturized, requiring only 1 μL of sample per determination, and automated with the possibility of processing 54 samples in parallel in 3.5 h. 27137515 5 45 theme enzymatic 753:761 arg1 protein 740:746 a specific serum protein 723:746 a specific serum protein 723:746 We have developed a method for determining the glycosylation pattern of proteins based on the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, and the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS. 27137515 5 45 theme enzymatic 753:761 arg1 release 763:769 the enzymatic release 749:769 the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans 749:793 We have developed a method for determining the glycosylation pattern of proteins based on the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, and the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS. 27137515 7 46 from parallel 1086:1093 arg1 3.5 h 1098:1102 3.5 h 1098:1102 3.5 h 1098:1102 The sample preparation is miniaturized, requiring only 1 μL of sample per determination, and automated with the possibility of processing 54 samples in parallel in 3.5 h. 27137515 7 46 from parallel 1086:1093 arg1 preparation 945:955 The sample preparation 934:955 The sample preparation 934:955 The sample preparation is miniaturized, requiring only 1 μL of sample per determination, and automated with the possibility of processing 54 samples in parallel in 3.5 h. 27137515 7 46 from parallel 1086:1093 arg1 miniaturized 960:971 miniaturized 960:971 miniaturized 960:971 The sample preparation is miniaturized, requiring only 1 μL of sample per determination, and automated with the possibility of processing 54 samples in parallel in 3.5 h. 27137515 4 47 theme automated 486:494 arg1 techniques 527:536 rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques 479:536 rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques for the determination of the glycosylation of specific serum proteins 479:606 There is at present a lack of rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques for the determination of the glycosylation of specific serum proteins. 27137515 4 48 theme glycosylation 567:579 arg1 determination 546:558 the determination 542:558 the determination of the glycosylation of specific serum proteins 542:606 There is at present a lack of rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques for the determination of the glycosylation of specific serum proteins. 27137515 5 49 theme glycosylation 656:668 arg1 pattern 670:676 the glycosylation pattern 652:676 the glycosylation pattern of proteins based on the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, and the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS 652:848 We have developed a method for determining the glycosylation pattern of proteins based on the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, and the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS. 27137515 5 50 link N-linked 778:785 arg1 glycans 787:793 the N-linked glycans 774:793 the N-linked glycans 774:793 We have developed a method for determining the glycosylation pattern of proteins based on the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, and the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS. 27137515 9 51 theme control 1266:1272 arg1 group 1274:1278 a control group 1264:1278 a control group 1264:1278 The method has been tested on serum samples from chronic alcohol abusers and a control group. 27137515 1 52 theme long 113:116 arg1 time 118:121 a long time 111:121 a long time that diseases can be associated with changes to the glycosylation of specific proteins 111:208 It has been known for a long time that diseases can be associated with changes to the glycosylation of specific proteins. 27137515 8 53 theme transferrin 1174:1184 arg1 analysis 1162:1169 the glycosylation pattern analysis 1136:1169 the glycosylation pattern analysis of transferrin 1136:1184 We have developed a method for the glycosylation pattern analysis of transferrin. 27137515 1 54 theme proteins 201:208 arg1 glycosylation 175:187 the glycosylation 171:187 the glycosylation of specific proteins 171:208 It has been known for a long time that diseases can be associated with changes to the glycosylation of specific proteins. 27137515 9 55 theme serum 1217:1221 arg1 samples 1223:1229 serum samples 1217:1229 serum samples from chronic alcohol abusers and a control group 1217:1278 The method has been tested on serum samples from chronic alcohol abusers and a control group. 27137515 5 56 theme glycans 787:793 arg1 protein 740:746 a specific serum protein 723:746 a specific serum protein 723:746 We have developed a method for determining the glycosylation pattern of proteins based on the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, and the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS. 27137515 5 56 theme glycans 787:793 arg1 release 763:769 the enzymatic release 749:769 the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans 749:793 We have developed a method for determining the glycosylation pattern of proteins based on the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, and the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS. 27137515 5 57 theme pattern 827:833 arg1 capture 712:718 the affinity capture 699:718 the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, 699:794 We have developed a method for determining the glycosylation pattern of proteins based on the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, and the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS. 27137515 5 57 theme pattern 827:833 arg1 analysis 804:811 the analysis 800:811 the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS 800:848 We have developed a method for determining the glycosylation pattern of proteins based on the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, and the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS. 27137515 9 58 theme chronic 1236:1242 arg1 abusers 1252:1258 chronic alcohol abusers 1236:1258 chronic alcohol abusers 1236:1258 The method has been tested on serum samples from chronic alcohol abusers and a control group. 27137515 4 59 theme specific 584:591 arg1 proteins 599:606 specific serum proteins 584:606 specific serum proteins 584:606 There is at present a lack of rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques for the determination of the glycosylation of specific serum proteins. 27137515 0 60 theme compact 62:68 arg1 disc 70:73 a microfluidic compact disc 47:73 a microfluidic compact disc 47:73 N-Glycan profile analysis of transferrin using a microfluidic compact disc and MALDI-MS. 27137515 4 61 theme a 469:469 arg1 lack 471:474 present a lack 461:474 present a lack of rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques for the determination of the glycosylation of specific serum proteins 461:606 There is at present a lack of rapid, automated, and cost-efficient analytical techniques for the determination of the glycosylation of specific serum proteins. 27137515 5 62 theme N-linked 778:785 arg1 glycans 787:793 the N-linked glycans 774:793 the N-linked glycans 774:793 We have developed a method for determining the glycosylation pattern of proteins based on the affinity capture of a specific serum protein, the enzymatic release of the N-linked glycans, and the analysis of the glycan pattern using MALDI-MS. 27137515 10 63 theme SIMCA 1289:1293 arg1 model 1295:1299 a SIMCA model 1287:1299 a SIMCA model 1287:1299 Also, a SIMCA model was created and evaluated to discriminate between the two groups. 27137515 1 64 theme specific 192:199 arg1 proteins 201:208 specific proteins 192:208 specific proteins 192:208 It has been known for a long time that diseases can be associated with changes to the glycosylation of specific proteins. 24932134 5 0 theme melanoma 690:697 arg1 line 704:707 human melanoma cell line A2058 684:713 human melanoma cell line A2058 684:713 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 1 1 theme human 167:171 arg1 line 197:200 the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 163:206 the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 163:206 BACKGROUND We have reported that the glucosamine suppressed the proliferation of the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 through inhibition of STAT3 signaling. 24932134 9 2 theme RESULTS 995:1001 arg1 glucosamine 1018:1028 RESULTS In DU145 cells glucosamine 995:1028 RESULTS In DU145 cells glucosamine 995:1028 RESULTS In DU145 cells glucosamine reduced the N-glycosylation of gp130, decreased IL-6 binding to cells and impaired the phosphorylation of JAK2, SHP2 and STAT3. 24932134 4 3 theme functional 556:565 arg1 consequence 567:577 a functional consequence 554:577 a functional consequence of the reduced N-glycosylation of gp130 554:617 We speculated that the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by glucosamine might be a functional consequence of the reduced N-glycosylation of gp130. 24932134 4 3 theme functional 556:565 arg1 inhibition 494:503 the inhibition 490:503 the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by glucosamine 490:543 We speculated that the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by glucosamine might be a functional consequence of the reduced N-glycosylation of gp130. 24932134 5 4 theme cell 699:702 arg1 line 704:707 human melanoma cell line A2058 684:713 human melanoma cell line A2058 684:713 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 5 5 theme cancer 647:652 arg1 lines 659:663 The human prostate cancer cell lines 628:663 The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 628:678 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 5 5 theme cancer 647:652 arg1 PC-3 675:678 PC-3 675:678 PC-3 675:678 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 5 5 theme cancer 647:652 arg1 DU145 665:669 DU145 665:669 DU145 665:669 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 1 6 theme prostate 173:180 arg1 line 197:200 the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 163:206 the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 163:206 BACKGROUND We have reported that the glucosamine suppressed the proliferation of the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 through inhibition of STAT3 signaling. 24932134 5 7 dep METHODS 620:626 arg1 lines 659:663 The human prostate cancer cell lines 628:663 The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 628:678 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 5 7 dep METHODS 620:626 arg1 PC-3 675:678 PC-3 675:678 PC-3 675:678 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 5 7 dep METHODS 620:626 arg1 DU145 665:669 DU145 665:669 DU145 665:669 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 5 8 theme cell 654:657 arg1 lines 659:663 The human prostate cancer cell lines 628:663 The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 628:678 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 5 8 theme cell 654:657 arg1 PC-3 675:678 PC-3 675:678 PC-3 675:678 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 5 8 theme cell 654:657 arg1 DU145 665:669 DU145 665:669 DU145 665:669 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 12 9 theme glucosamine 1468:1478 arg1 cytotoxicity 1480:1491 glucosamine cytotoxicity 1468:1491 glucosamine cytotoxicity in these cells 1468:1506 Sensitivity of DU145, A2058 and PC-3 cells to glucosamine-induced inhibition of N-glycosylation were well correlated to glucosamine cytotoxicity in these cells. 24932134 3 10 theme posttranslational 385:401 arg1 modification 403:414 a posttranslational modification 383:414 a posttranslational modification which is important for protein stability and function 383:468 IL-6 receptor subunits are subject to N-glycosylation, a posttranslational modification which is important for protein stability and function. 24932134 3 10 theme posttranslational 385:401 arg1 important 425:433 important 425:433 important 425:433 IL-6 receptor subunits are subject to N-glycosylation, a posttranslational modification which is important for protein stability and function. 24932134 3 10 theme posttranslational 385:401 arg1 N-glycosylation 366:380 N-glycosylation 366:380 N-glycosylation 366:380 IL-6 receptor subunits are subject to N-glycosylation, a posttranslational modification which is important for protein stability and function. 24932134 4 11 theme phosphorylation 514:528 arg1 consequence 567:577 a functional consequence 554:577 a functional consequence of the reduced N-glycosylation of gp130 554:617 We speculated that the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by glucosamine might be a functional consequence of the reduced N-glycosylation of gp130. 24932134 4 11 theme phosphorylation 514:528 arg1 inhibition 494:503 the inhibition 490:503 the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by glucosamine 490:543 We speculated that the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by glucosamine might be a functional consequence of the reduced N-glycosylation of gp130. 24932134 9 12 theme JAK2 1136:1139 arg1 phosphorylation 1117:1131 the phosphorylation 1113:1131 the phosphorylation of JAK2, SHP2 and STAT3 1113:1155 RESULTS In DU145 cells glucosamine reduced the N-glycosylation of gp130, decreased IL-6 binding to cells and impaired the phosphorylation of JAK2, SHP2 and STAT3. 24932134 10 13 theme N-glycosylation 1240:1254 arg1 tunicamycin 1203:1213 tunicamycin 1203:1213 tunicamycin 1203:1213 Glucosamine acts in a very similar manner to tunicamycin, an inhibitor of protein N-glycosylation. 24932134 10 13 theme N-glycosylation 1240:1254 arg1 inhibitor 1219:1227 an inhibitor 1216:1227 an inhibitor of protein N-glycosylation 1216:1254 Glucosamine acts in a very similar manner to tunicamycin, an inhibitor of protein N-glycosylation. 24932134 4 14 theme STAT3 508:512 arg1 phosphorylation 514:528 STAT3 phosphorylation 508:528 STAT3 phosphorylation 508:528 We speculated that the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by glucosamine might be a functional consequence of the reduced N-glycosylation of gp130. 24932134 9 15 gly N-glycosylation 1042:1056 arg1 gp130 1061:1065 gp130 1061:1065 gp130 1061:1065 RESULTS In DU145 cells glucosamine reduced the N-glycosylation of gp130, decreased IL-6 binding to cells and impaired the phosphorylation of JAK2, SHP2 and STAT3. 24932134 2 16 theme IL-6/STAT3 293:302 arg1 signaling 304:312 the IL-6/STAT3 signaling 289:312 the IL-6/STAT3 signaling 289:312 DU145 cells autonomously express IL-6 and the IL-6/STAT3 signaling is activated. 24932134 6 17 theme Glucosamine 740:750 arg1 effects 752:758 Glucosamine effects 740:758 Glucosamine effects on N-glycosylation of glycoproteins 740:794 Glucosamine effects on N-glycosylation of glycoproteins were determined by Western blot analysis. 24932134 1 18 theme carcinoma 182:190 arg1 line 197:200 the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 163:206 the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 163:206 BACKGROUND We have reported that the glucosamine suppressed the proliferation of the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 through inhibition of STAT3 signaling. 24932134 3 19 dep protein 439:445 arg1 stability 447:455 stability 447:455 stability 447:455 IL-6 receptor subunits are subject to N-glycosylation, a posttranslational modification which is important for protein stability and function. 24932134 0 20 link N-linked 58:65 arg1 glycosylation 67:79 N-linked glycosylation 58:79 N-linked glycosylation 58:79 Anti-cancer activity of glucosamine through inhibition of N-linked glycosylation. 24932134 9 21 theme SHP2 1142:1145 arg1 phosphorylation 1117:1131 the phosphorylation 1113:1131 the phosphorylation of JAK2, SHP2 and STAT3 1113:1155 RESULTS In DU145 cells glucosamine reduced the N-glycosylation of gp130, decreased IL-6 binding to cells and impaired the phosphorylation of JAK2, SHP2 and STAT3. 24932134 1 22 theme cell 192:195 arg1 line 197:200 the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 163:206 the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 163:206 BACKGROUND We have reported that the glucosamine suppressed the proliferation of the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 through inhibition of STAT3 signaling. 24932134 12 23 theme cells 1385:1389 arg1 Sensitivity 1348:1358 Sensitivity 1348:1358 Sensitivity of DU145, A2058 and PC-3 cells to glucosamine-induced inhibition of N-glycosylation 1348:1442 Sensitivity of DU145, A2058 and PC-3 cells to glucosamine-induced inhibition of N-glycosylation were well correlated to glucosamine cytotoxicity in these cells. 24932134 10 24 theme similar 1185:1191 arg1 manner 1193:1198 a very similar manner 1178:1198 a very similar manner 1178:1198 Glucosamine acts in a very similar manner to tunicamycin, an inhibitor of protein N-glycosylation. 24932134 11 25 theme Glucosamine-mediated 1257:1276 arg1 inhibition 1278:1287 Glucosamine-mediated inhibition 1257:1287 Glucosamine-mediated inhibition of N-glycosylation 1257:1306 Glucosamine-mediated inhibition of N-glycosylation was neither protein- nor cell-specific. 24932134 12 26 theme PC-3 1380:1383 arg1 cells 1385:1389 DU145, A2058 and PC-3 cells 1363:1389 cells 1385:1389 Sensitivity of DU145, A2058 and PC-3 cells to glucosamine-induced inhibition of N-glycosylation were well correlated to glucosamine cytotoxicity in these cells. 24932134 1 27 theme line 197:200 arg1 proliferation 146:158 the proliferation 142:158 the proliferation of the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 142:206 BACKGROUND We have reported that the glucosamine suppressed the proliferation of the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 through inhibition of STAT3 signaling. 24932134 0 28 theme Anti-cancer 0:10 arg1 activity 12:19 Anti-cancer activity 0:19 Anti-cancer activity of glucosamine through inhibition of N-linked glycosylation 0:79 Anti-cancer activity of glucosamine through inhibition of N-linked glycosylation. 24932134 7 29 theme DU145 854:858 arg1 cells 860:864 DU145 cells 854:864 DU145 cells 854:864 IL-6 binding to DU145 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. 24932134 5 30 theme human 684:688 arg1 line 704:707 human melanoma cell line A2058 684:713 human melanoma cell line A2058 684:713 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 5 31 theme human 632:636 arg1 lines 659:663 The human prostate cancer cell lines 628:663 The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 628:678 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 5 31 theme human 632:636 arg1 PC-3 675:678 PC-3 675:678 PC-3 675:678 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 5 31 theme human 632:636 arg1 DU145 665:669 DU145 665:669 DU145 665:669 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 8 32 theme colorimetric 953:964 arg1 method 987:992 colorimetric Janus green staining method 953:992 colorimetric Janus green staining method 953:992 The cell proliferation suppression was investigated by colorimetric Janus green staining method. 24932134 5 33 used used 720:723 arg2 METHODS 620:626 METHODS 620:626 METHODS 620:626 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 5 33 used used 720:723 arg2 line 704:707 human melanoma cell line A2058 684:713 human melanoma cell line A2058 684:713 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 0 34 theme glucosamine 24:34 arg1 activity 12:19 Anti-cancer activity 0:19 Anti-cancer activity of glucosamine through inhibition of N-linked glycosylation 0:79 Anti-cancer activity of glucosamine through inhibition of N-linked glycosylation. 24932134 4 35 theme N-glycosylation 594:608 arg1 consequence 567:577 a functional consequence 554:577 a functional consequence of the reduced N-glycosylation of gp130 554:617 We speculated that the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by glucosamine might be a functional consequence of the reduced N-glycosylation of gp130. 24932134 4 35 theme N-glycosylation 594:608 arg1 inhibition 494:503 the inhibition 490:503 the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by glucosamine 490:543 We speculated that the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by glucosamine might be a functional consequence of the reduced N-glycosylation of gp130. 24932134 5 36 theme prostate 638:645 arg1 lines 659:663 The human prostate cancer cell lines 628:663 The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 628:678 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 5 36 theme prostate 638:645 arg1 PC-3 675:678 PC-3 675:678 PC-3 675:678 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 5 36 theme prostate 638:645 arg1 DU145 665:669 DU145 665:669 DU145 665:669 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 7 37 theme flow 882:885 arg1 cytometry 887:895 flow cytometry 882:895 flow cytometry 882:895 IL-6 binding to DU145 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. 24932134 6 38 from effects 752:758 arg1 N-glycosylation 763:777 N-glycosylation 763:777 N-glycosylation of glycoproteins 763:794 Glucosamine effects on N-glycosylation of glycoproteins were determined by Western blot analysis. 24932134 8 39 theme proliferation 907:919 arg1 suppression 921:931 The cell proliferation suppression 898:931 The cell proliferation suppression 898:931 The cell proliferation suppression was investigated by colorimetric Janus green staining method. 24932134 8 40 theme green 972:976 arg1 method 987:992 colorimetric Janus green staining method 953:992 colorimetric Janus green staining method 953:992 The cell proliferation suppression was investigated by colorimetric Janus green staining method. 24932134 9 41 theme STAT3 1151:1155 arg1 phosphorylation 1117:1131 the phosphorylation 1113:1131 the phosphorylation of JAK2, SHP2 and STAT3 1113:1155 RESULTS In DU145 cells glucosamine reduced the N-glycosylation of gp130, decreased IL-6 binding to cells and impaired the phosphorylation of JAK2, SHP2 and STAT3. 24932134 9 42 theme gp130 1061:1065 arg1 N-glycosylation 1042:1056 the N-glycosylation 1038:1056 the N-glycosylation of gp130 1038:1065 RESULTS In DU145 cells glucosamine reduced the N-glycosylation of gp130, decreased IL-6 binding to cells and impaired the phosphorylation of JAK2, SHP2 and STAT3. 24932134 4 43 theme gp130 613:617 arg1 N-glycosylation 594:608 the reduced N-glycosylation 582:608 the reduced N-glycosylation of gp130 582:617 We speculated that the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by glucosamine might be a functional consequence of the reduced N-glycosylation of gp130. 24932134 8 44 theme cell 902:905 arg1 suppression 921:931 The cell proliferation suppression 898:931 The cell proliferation suppression 898:931 The cell proliferation suppression was investigated by colorimetric Janus green staining method. 24932134 13 45 theme cellular 1685:1692 arg1 effects 1694:1700 its multiple biochemical and cellular effects 1656:1700 its multiple biochemical and cellular effects 1656:1700 CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the glucosamine-induced global inhibition of protein N-glycosylation might be the basic mechanism underlying its multiple biochemical and cellular effects. 24932134 8 46 theme Janus 966:970 arg1 method 987:992 colorimetric Janus green staining method 953:992 colorimetric Janus green staining method 953:992 The cell proliferation suppression was investigated by colorimetric Janus green staining method. 24932134 13 47 theme N-glycosylation 1600:1614 arg1 mechanism 1635:1643 the basic mechanism 1625:1643 the basic mechanism underlying its multiple biochemical and cellular effects 1625:1700 CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the glucosamine-induced global inhibition of protein N-glycosylation might be the basic mechanism underlying its multiple biochemical and cellular effects. 24932134 13 47 theme N-glycosylation 1600:1614 arg1 inhibition 1578:1587 the glucosamine-induced global inhibition 1547:1587 the glucosamine-induced global inhibition of protein N-glycosylation 1547:1614 CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the glucosamine-induced global inhibition of protein N-glycosylation might be the basic mechanism underlying its multiple biochemical and cellular effects. 24932134 9 48 theme DU145 1006:1010 arg1 cells 1012:1016 DU145 cells 1006:1016 DU145 cells 1006:1016 RESULTS In DU145 cells glucosamine reduced the N-glycosylation of gp130, decreased IL-6 binding to cells and impaired the phosphorylation of JAK2, SHP2 and STAT3. 24932134 2 49 theme DU145 247:251 arg1 cells 253:257 DU145 cells 247:257 DU145 cells 247:257 DU145 cells autonomously express IL-6 and the IL-6/STAT3 signaling is activated. 24932134 4 50 gly N-glycosylation 594:608 arg1 gp130 613:617 gp130 613:617 gp130 613:617 We speculated that the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by glucosamine might be a functional consequence of the reduced N-glycosylation of gp130. 24932134 1 51 theme STAT3 230:234 arg1 signaling 236:244 STAT3 signaling 230:244 STAT3 signaling 230:244 BACKGROUND We have reported that the glucosamine suppressed the proliferation of the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 through inhibition of STAT3 signaling. 24932134 0 52 theme N-linked 58:65 arg1 glycosylation 67:79 N-linked glycosylation 58:79 N-linked glycosylation 58:79 Anti-cancer activity of glucosamine through inhibition of N-linked glycosylation. 24932134 3 53 theme IL-6 328:331 arg1 subunits 342:349 IL-6 receptor subunits 328:349 IL-6 receptor subunits 328:349 IL-6 receptor subunits are subject to N-glycosylation, a posttranslational modification which is important for protein stability and function. 24932134 8 54 theme staining 978:985 arg1 method 987:992 colorimetric Janus green staining method 953:992 colorimetric Janus green staining method 953:992 The cell proliferation suppression was investigated by colorimetric Janus green staining method. 24932134 1 55 dep BACKGROUND 82:91 arg1 reported 101:108 reported 101:108 have reported that the glucosamine suppressed the proliferation of the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 through inhibition of STAT3 signaling 96:244 BACKGROUND We have reported that the glucosamine suppressed the proliferation of the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 through inhibition of STAT3 signaling. 24932134 9 56 theme IL-6 1078:1081 arg1 binding 1083:1089 IL-6 binding 1078:1089 IL-6 binding to cells 1078:1098 RESULTS In DU145 cells glucosamine reduced the N-glycosylation of gp130, decreased IL-6 binding to cells and impaired the phosphorylation of JAK2, SHP2 and STAT3. 24932134 4 57 theme reduced 586:592 arg1 N-glycosylation 594:608 the reduced N-glycosylation 582:608 the reduced N-glycosylation of gp130 582:617 We speculated that the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by glucosamine might be a functional consequence of the reduced N-glycosylation of gp130. 24932134 3 58 theme receptor 333:340 arg1 subunits 342:349 IL-6 receptor subunits 328:349 IL-6 receptor subunits 328:349 IL-6 receptor subunits are subject to N-glycosylation, a posttranslational modification which is important for protein stability and function. 24932134 13 59 theme glucosamine-induced 1551:1569 arg1 mechanism 1635:1643 the basic mechanism 1625:1643 the basic mechanism underlying its multiple biochemical and cellular effects 1625:1700 CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the glucosamine-induced global inhibition of protein N-glycosylation might be the basic mechanism underlying its multiple biochemical and cellular effects. 24932134 13 59 theme glucosamine-induced 1551:1569 arg1 inhibition 1578:1587 the glucosamine-induced global inhibition 1547:1587 the glucosamine-induced global inhibition of protein N-glycosylation 1547:1614 CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the glucosamine-induced global inhibition of protein N-glycosylation might be the basic mechanism underlying its multiple biochemical and cellular effects. 24932134 5 60 dep lines 659:663 arg1 lines 659:663 The human prostate cancer cell lines 628:663 The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 628:678 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 5 60 dep lines 659:663 arg1 PC-3 675:678 PC-3 675:678 PC-3 675:678 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 5 60 dep lines 659:663 arg1 DU145 665:669 DU145 665:669 DU145 665:669 METHODS The human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3 and human melanoma cell line A2058 were used in this study. 24932134 6 61 theme blot 823:826 arg1 analysis 828:835 Western blot analysis 815:835 Western blot analysis 815:835 Glucosamine effects on N-glycosylation of glycoproteins were determined by Western blot analysis. 24932134 9 62 from RESULTS 995:1001 arg1 cells 1012:1016 DU145 cells 1006:1016 DU145 cells 1006:1016 RESULTS In DU145 cells glucosamine reduced the N-glycosylation of gp130, decreased IL-6 binding to cells and impaired the phosphorylation of JAK2, SHP2 and STAT3. 24932134 12 63 theme glucosamine-induced 1394:1412 arg1 inhibition 1414:1423 glucosamine-induced inhibition 1394:1423 glucosamine-induced inhibition of N-glycosylation 1394:1442 Sensitivity of DU145, A2058 and PC-3 cells to glucosamine-induced inhibition of N-glycosylation were well correlated to glucosamine cytotoxicity in these cells. 24932134 12 64 theme N-glycosylation 1428:1442 arg1 inhibition 1414:1423 glucosamine-induced inhibition 1394:1423 glucosamine-induced inhibition of N-glycosylation 1394:1442 Sensitivity of DU145, A2058 and PC-3 cells to glucosamine-induced inhibition of N-glycosylation were well correlated to glucosamine cytotoxicity in these cells. 24932134 13 65 theme global 1571:1576 arg1 mechanism 1635:1643 the basic mechanism 1625:1643 the basic mechanism underlying its multiple biochemical and cellular effects 1625:1700 CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the glucosamine-induced global inhibition of protein N-glycosylation might be the basic mechanism underlying its multiple biochemical and cellular effects. 24932134 13 65 theme global 1571:1576 arg1 inhibition 1578:1587 the glucosamine-induced global inhibition 1547:1587 the glucosamine-induced global inhibition of protein N-glycosylation 1547:1614 CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the glucosamine-induced global inhibition of protein N-glycosylation might be the basic mechanism underlying its multiple biochemical and cellular effects. 24932134 1 66 theme signaling 236:244 arg1 inhibition 216:225 inhibition 216:225 inhibition of STAT3 signaling 216:244 BACKGROUND We have reported that the glucosamine suppressed the proliferation of the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 through inhibition of STAT3 signaling. 24932134 13 67 dep suggested 1532:1540 arg1 CONCLUSION 1509:1518 CONCLUSION 1509:1518 CONCLUSION 1509:1518 CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the glucosamine-induced global inhibition of protein N-glycosylation might be the basic mechanism underlying its multiple biochemical and cellular effects. 24932134 11 68 theme N-glycosylation 1292:1306 arg1 inhibition 1278:1287 Glucosamine-mediated inhibition 1257:1287 Glucosamine-mediated inhibition of N-glycosylation 1257:1306 Glucosamine-mediated inhibition of N-glycosylation was neither protein- nor cell-specific. 24932134 6 69 theme Western 815:821 arg1 analysis 828:835 Western blot analysis 815:835 Western blot analysis 815:835 Glucosamine effects on N-glycosylation of glycoproteins were determined by Western blot analysis. 24932134 6 70 theme glycoproteins 782:794 arg1 N-glycosylation 763:777 N-glycosylation 763:777 N-glycosylation of glycoproteins 763:794 Glucosamine effects on N-glycosylation of glycoproteins were determined by Western blot analysis. 24932134 12 71 from cytotoxicity 1480:1491 arg1 cells 1502:1506 these cells 1496:1506 these cells 1496:1506 Sensitivity of DU145, A2058 and PC-3 cells to glucosamine-induced inhibition of N-glycosylation were well correlated to glucosamine cytotoxicity in these cells. 24932134 13 72 theme protein 1592:1598 arg1 N-glycosylation 1600:1614 protein N-glycosylation 1592:1614 protein N-glycosylation 1592:1614 CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the glucosamine-induced global inhibition of protein N-glycosylation might be the basic mechanism underlying its multiple biochemical and cellular effects. 24932134 6 73 gly glycoproteins 782:794 arg1 glycoproteins 782:794 glycoproteins 782:794 glycoproteins 782:794 Glucosamine effects on N-glycosylation of glycoproteins were determined by Western blot analysis. 24932134 13 74 theme basic 1629:1633 arg1 inhibition 1578:1587 the glucosamine-induced global inhibition 1547:1587 the glucosamine-induced global inhibition of protein N-glycosylation 1547:1614 CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the glucosamine-induced global inhibition of protein N-glycosylation might be the basic mechanism underlying its multiple biochemical and cellular effects. 24932134 13 74 theme basic 1629:1633 arg1 mechanism 1635:1643 the basic mechanism 1625:1643 the basic mechanism underlying its multiple biochemical and cellular effects 1625:1700 CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the glucosamine-induced global inhibition of protein N-glycosylation might be the basic mechanism underlying its multiple biochemical and cellular effects. 24932134 12 75 theme DU145 1363:1367 arg1 cells 1385:1389 DU145, A2058 and PC-3 cells 1363:1389 cells 1385:1389 Sensitivity of DU145, A2058 and PC-3 cells to glucosamine-induced inhibition of N-glycosylation were well correlated to glucosamine cytotoxicity in these cells. 24932134 13 76 theme multiple 1660:1667 arg1 effects 1694:1700 its multiple biochemical and cellular effects 1656:1700 its multiple biochemical and cellular effects 1656:1700 CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the glucosamine-induced global inhibition of protein N-glycosylation might be the basic mechanism underlying its multiple biochemical and cellular effects. 24932134 12 77 theme A2058 1370:1374 arg1 cells 1385:1389 DU145, A2058 and PC-3 cells 1363:1389 cells 1385:1389 Sensitivity of DU145, A2058 and PC-3 cells to glucosamine-induced inhibition of N-glycosylation were well correlated to glucosamine cytotoxicity in these cells. 24932134 0 78 theme glycosylation 67:79 arg1 inhibition 44:53 inhibition 44:53 inhibition of N-linked glycosylation 44:79 Anti-cancer activity of glucosamine through inhibition of N-linked glycosylation. 24932134 13 79 theme biochemical 1669:1679 arg1 effects 1694:1700 its multiple biochemical and cellular effects 1656:1700 its multiple biochemical and cellular effects 1656:1700 CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the glucosamine-induced global inhibition of protein N-glycosylation might be the basic mechanism underlying its multiple biochemical and cellular effects. 24932134 10 80 theme protein 1232:1238 arg1 N-glycosylation 1240:1254 protein N-glycosylation 1232:1254 protein N-glycosylation 1232:1254 Glucosamine acts in a very similar manner to tunicamycin, an inhibitor of protein N-glycosylation. 24932134 6 81 gly N-glycosylation 763:777 arg1 glycoproteins 782:794 glycoproteins 782:794 glycoproteins 782:794 Glucosamine effects on N-glycosylation of glycoproteins were determined by Western blot analysis. 28094964 0 0 theme C3 84:85 arg1 Palladium 0:8 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3 0:85 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3 0:85 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3,N-Linked Biheterocycles: Rapid Access to Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles. 28094964 0 0 theme C3 84:85 arg1 Biheterocycles 96:109 N-Linked Biheterocycles 87:109 N-Linked Biheterocycles 87:109 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3,N-Linked Biheterocycles: Rapid Access to Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles. 28094964 2 1 dep -H 416:417 arg1 useful 496:501 useful 496:501 useful 496:501 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 28094964 2 2 theme bond 392:395 arg1 formation 373:381 the strategic formation 359:381 the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2) 359:415 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 28094964 2 3 theme pharmaceuticals 563:577 arg1 syntheses 514:522 de novo syntheses 506:522 de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals 506:577 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 28094964 2 4 from syntheses 514:522 arg1 useful 496:501 useful 496:501 useful 496:501 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 28094964 0 5 theme N-Linked 87:94 arg1 Palladium 0:8 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3 0:85 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3 0:85 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3,N-Linked Biheterocycles: Rapid Access to Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles. 28094964 0 5 theme N-Linked 87:94 arg1 Biheterocycles 96:109 N-Linked Biheterocycles 87:109 N-Linked Biheterocycles 87:109 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3,N-Linked Biheterocycles: Rapid Access to Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles. 28094964 1 6 theme direct 256:261 arg1 construction 263:274 the direct construction 252:274 the direct construction of valuable polycyclic heteroarene scaffolds 252:319 A Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling has been developed for the direct construction of valuable polycyclic heteroarene scaffolds. 28094964 2 7 theme products 550:557 arg1 syntheses 514:522 de novo syntheses 506:522 de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals 506:577 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 28094964 2 8 theme de 506:507 arg1 syntheses 514:522 de novo syntheses 506:522 de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals 506:577 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 28094964 1 9 theme Pd 164:165 arg1 cross-coupling 214:227 A Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling 162:227 A Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling 162:227 A Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling has been developed for the direct construction of valuable polycyclic heteroarene scaffolds. 28094964 2 10 theme biheterocyclic 463:476 arg1 precursors 478:487 N-linked biheterocyclic precursors 454:487 N-linked biheterocyclic precursors 454:487 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 28094964 2 11 theme C-C 388:390 arg1 bond 392:395 a C-C bond 386:395 a C-C bond 386:395 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 28094964 2 12 theme indole-derived 527:540 arg1 products 550:557 indole-derived natural products 527:557 indole-derived natural products 527:557 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 28094964 1 13 theme valuable 279:286 arg1 scaffolds 311:319 valuable polycyclic heteroarene scaffolds 279:319 valuable polycyclic heteroarene scaffolds 279:319 A Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling has been developed for the direct construction of valuable polycyclic heteroarene scaffolds. 28094964 2 14 dep de 506:507 arg1 novo 509:512 novo 509:512 novo 509:512 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 28094964 1 15 theme -catalyzed 170:179 arg1 cross-coupling 214:227 A Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling 162:227 A Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling 162:227 A Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling has been developed for the direct construction of valuable polycyclic heteroarene scaffolds. 28094964 1 16 theme polycyclic 288:297 arg1 scaffolds 311:319 valuable polycyclic heteroarene scaffolds 279:319 valuable polycyclic heteroarene scaffolds 279:319 A Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling has been developed for the direct construction of valuable polycyclic heteroarene scaffolds. 28094964 0 17 theme Rapid 112:116 arg1 Access 118:123 Rapid Access 112:123 Rapid Access to Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles 112:159 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3,N-Linked Biheterocycles: Rapid Access to Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles. 28094964 1 18 theme intramolecular 181:194 arg1 cross-coupling 214:227 A Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling 162:227 A Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling 162:227 A Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling has been developed for the direct construction of valuable polycyclic heteroarene scaffolds. 28094964 0 19 theme Intramolecular 24:37 arg1 Reaction 72:79 -Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction 13:79 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3 0:85 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3,N-Linked Biheterocycles: Rapid Access to Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles. 28094964 1 20 theme heteroarene 299:309 arg1 scaffolds 311:319 valuable polycyclic heteroarene scaffolds 279:319 valuable polycyclic heteroarene scaffolds 279:319 A Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling has been developed for the direct construction of valuable polycyclic heteroarene scaffolds. 28094964 0 21 theme Polycyclic 128:137 arg1 Heterocycles 148:159 Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles 128:159 Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles 128:159 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3,N-Linked Biheterocycles: Rapid Access to Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles. 28094964 2 22 theme C 401:401 arg1 sp2 412:414 sp2 412:414 sp2 412:414 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 28094964 2 22 theme C 401:401 arg1 -H/C 407:410 C(sp2)-H/C 401:410 C(sp2)-H/C(sp2) 401:415 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 28094964 2 23 link indole-derived 527:540 arg1 products 550:557 indole-derived natural products 527:557 indole-derived natural products 527:557 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 28094964 1 24 theme oxidative 196:204 arg1 cross-coupling 214:227 A Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling 162:227 A Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling 162:227 A Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling has been developed for the direct construction of valuable polycyclic heteroarene scaffolds. 28094964 0 25 theme -Catalyzed 13:22 arg1 Reaction 72:79 -Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction 13:79 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3 0:85 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3,N-Linked Biheterocycles: Rapid Access to Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles. 28094964 1 26 theme scaffolds 311:319 arg1 construction 263:274 the direct construction 252:274 the direct construction of valuable polycyclic heteroarene scaffolds 252:319 A Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling has been developed for the direct construction of valuable polycyclic heteroarene scaffolds. 28094964 2 27 theme dehydrogenative 419:433 arg1 coupling 435:442 dehydrogenative coupling 419:442 dehydrogenative coupling across C3 419:452 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 28094964 3 28 theme functional 608:617 arg1 tolerance 637:645 good functional group/heterocycle tolerance 603:645 good functional group/heterocycle tolerance 603:645 The reaction exhibited good functional group/heterocycle tolerance, and a proposed mechanism involving an azoylpalladium complex is also supported. 28094964 1 29 theme C-H/C-H 206:212 arg1 cross-coupling 214:227 A Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling 162:227 A Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling 162:227 A Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling has been developed for the direct construction of valuable polycyclic heteroarene scaffolds. 28094964 0 30 theme C-H/C-H 49:55 arg1 Reaction 72:79 -Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction 13:79 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3 0:85 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3,N-Linked Biheterocycles: Rapid Access to Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles. 28094964 2 31 theme natural 542:548 arg1 products 550:557 indole-derived natural products 527:557 indole-derived natural products 527:557 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 28094964 3 32 theme group/heterocycle 619:635 arg1 tolerance 637:645 good functional group/heterocycle tolerance 603:645 good functional group/heterocycle tolerance 603:645 The reaction exhibited good functional group/heterocycle tolerance, and a proposed mechanism involving an azoylpalladium complex is also supported. 28094964 2 33 theme view 353:356 arg1 point 344:348 a retrosynthetic point 327:348 a retrosynthetic point of view 327:356 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 28094964 0 34 theme Oxidative 39:47 arg1 Reaction 72:79 -Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction 13:79 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3 0:85 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3,N-Linked Biheterocycles: Rapid Access to Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles. 28094964 0 35 theme Nitrogen 139:146 arg1 Heterocycles 148:159 Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles 128:159 Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles 128:159 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3,N-Linked Biheterocycles: Rapid Access to Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles. 28094964 3 36 theme proposed 654:661 arg1 mechanism 663:671 a proposed mechanism 652:671 a proposed mechanism involving an azoylpalladium complex 652:707 The reaction exhibited good functional group/heterocycle tolerance, and a proposed mechanism involving an azoylpalladium complex is also supported. 28094964 2 37 link N-linked 454:461 arg1 precursors 478:487 N-linked biheterocyclic precursors 454:487 N-linked biheterocyclic precursors 454:487 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 28094964 3 38 theme good 603:606 arg1 tolerance 637:645 good functional group/heterocycle tolerance 603:645 good functional group/heterocycle tolerance 603:645 The reaction exhibited good functional group/heterocycle tolerance, and a proposed mechanism involving an azoylpalladium complex is also supported. 28094964 2 39 theme retrosynthetic 329:342 arg1 point 344:348 a retrosynthetic point 327:348 a retrosynthetic point of view 327:356 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 28094964 2 40 from useful 496:501 arg1 syntheses 514:522 de novo syntheses 506:522 de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals 506:577 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 28094964 2 41 theme N-linked 454:461 arg1 precursors 478:487 N-linked biheterocyclic precursors 454:487 N-linked biheterocyclic precursors 454:487 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 28094964 2 42 theme sp2 403:405 arg1 sp2 412:414 sp2 412:414 sp2 412:414 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 28094964 2 42 theme sp2 403:405 arg1 -H/C 407:410 C(sp2)-H/C 401:410 C(sp2)-H/C(sp2) 401:415 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 28094964 0 43 theme Cross-Coupling 57:70 arg1 Reaction 72:79 -Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction 13:79 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3 0:85 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3,N-Linked Biheterocycles: Rapid Access to Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles. 28094964 3 44 theme azoylpalladium 686:699 arg1 complex 701:707 an azoylpalladium complex 683:707 an azoylpalladium complex 683:707 The reaction exhibited good functional group/heterocycle tolerance, and a proposed mechanism involving an azoylpalladium complex is also supported. 28094964 0 45 dep Palladium 0:8 arg1 II 10:11 II 10:11 II 10:11 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3,N-Linked Biheterocycles: Rapid Access to Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles. 28094964 0 45 dep Palladium 0:8 arg1 Access 118:123 Rapid Access 112:123 Rapid Access to Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles 112:159 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3,N-Linked Biheterocycles: Rapid Access to Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles. 28094964 0 45 dep Palladium 0:8 arg1 Reaction 72:79 -Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction 13:79 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3 0:85 Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of C3,N-Linked Biheterocycles: Rapid Access to Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles. 28094964 2 46 theme strategic 363:371 arg1 formation 373:381 the strategic formation 359:381 the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2) 359:415 From a retrosynthetic point of view, the strategic formation of a C-C bond via C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative coupling across C3,N-linked biheterocyclic precursors may be useful in de novo syntheses of indole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. 27895641 3 0 theme Merieux 725:731 arg1 Pn23 735:738 Pn23 735:738 Pn23 735:738 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 3 0 theme Merieux 725:731 arg1 " 732:732 "Pasteur Merieux" 716:732 pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) 656:739 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 0 1 with Individuals 95:105 arg1 Mellitus 141:148 Type I Diabetes Mellitus 125:148 Type I Diabetes Mellitus 125:148 Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination Elicits IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus. 27895641 2 2 theme saccharide 371:380 arg1 composition 382:392 saccharide composition 371:392 saccharide composition 371:392 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 5 3 theme surface 1163:1169 arg1 SPR 1190:1192 SPR 1190:1192 SPR 1190:1192 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 5 3 theme surface 1163:1169 arg1 resonance 1179:1187 surface plasmon resonance 1163:1187 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen 1163:1291 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 9 4 from individuals 2302:2312 arg1 antibodies 2237:2246 blood group anti-A/B antibodies 2216:2246 blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals 2216:2312 CONCLUSION The study provides evidence for epitope sharing between pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group ABO antigens, which leads to a booster of blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals. 27895641 5 5 theme resonance 1179:1187 arg1 technology 1195:1204 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology 1163:1204 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen 1163:1291 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 4 6 with patients 1130:1137 arg1 DM 1144:1145 DM I 1144:1147 DM I 1144:1147 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM and IgG responses were determined by ELISA, and the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System was used to screen anti-A/B antibody titer before and after Pn23 immunization in 28 healthy individuals and 16 patients with DM I. 27895641 2 7 from similarities 355:366 arg1 composition 382:392 saccharide composition 371:392 saccharide composition 371:392 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 10 8 theme blood 2476:2480 arg1 antigens 2488:2495 blood group antigens 2476:2495 blood group antigens 2476:2495 Manifest autoimmunity such as present in DM I patients has no additional effect on the cross-reactive antibody response against pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group antigens. 27895641 6 9 theme production 1489:1498 arg1 4-6 weeks 1500:1508 anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks 1459:1508 anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks 1459:1508 RESULTS All healthy individuals and DM I patients responded with anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks after Pn23 immunization, while no increase in blood group anti-A/B antibody titer was observed when measured by the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System. 27895641 1 10 theme natural 189:195 arg1 antibodies 197:206 natural antibodies 189:206 natural antibodies that develop early in life in response to cross-reactive environmental antigens in the absence of antigen encounter 189:322 HYPOTHESIS Blood group antibodies are natural antibodies that develop early in life in response to cross-reactive environmental antigens in the absence of antigen encounter. 27895641 1 10 theme natural 189:195 arg1 antibodies 174:183 HYPOTHESIS Blood group antibodies 151:183 HYPOTHESIS Blood group antibodies 151:183 HYPOTHESIS Blood group antibodies are natural antibodies that develop early in life in response to cross-reactive environmental antigens in the absence of antigen encounter. 27895641 7 11 theme group 1745:1749 arg1 IgG 1760:1762 blood group anti-A/B IgG 1739:1762 blood group anti-A/B IgG 1739:1762 Interestingly, isotype-specific testing by SPR technology revealed an increase in blood group anti-A/B IgG, but not IgM, following Pn23 immunization in both patients and controls. 27895641 9 12 theme pneumococcal 2129:2140 arg1 polysaccharides 2142:2156 pneumococcal polysaccharides 2129:2156 pneumococcal polysaccharides 2129:2156 CONCLUSION The study provides evidence for epitope sharing between pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group ABO antigens, which leads to a booster of blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals. 27895641 0 13 with Patients 111:118 arg1 Mellitus 141:148 Type I Diabetes Mellitus 125:148 Type I Diabetes Mellitus 125:148 Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination Elicits IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus. 27895641 2 14 theme later 330:334 arg1 similarities 355:366 Even later in life structural similarities 325:366 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens 325:486 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 6 15 theme IgG 1476:1478 arg1 production 1489:1498 IgG antibody production 1476:1498 IgG antibody production 1476:1498 RESULTS All healthy individuals and DM I patients responded with anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks after Pn23 immunization, while no increase in blood group anti-A/B antibody titer was observed when measured by the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System. 27895641 2 16 theme blood 571:575 arg1 antibodies 592:601 blood group anti-A/B antibodies 571:601 blood group anti-A/B antibodies 571:601 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 2 17 theme anti-A/B 583:590 arg1 antibodies 592:601 blood group anti-A/B antibodies 571:601 blood group anti-A/B antibodies 571:601 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 0 18 theme I 130:130 arg1 Mellitus 141:148 Type I Diabetes Mellitus 125:148 Type I Diabetes Mellitus 125:148 Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination Elicits IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus. 27895641 6 19 theme IgM 1468:1470 arg1 4-6 weeks 1500:1508 anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks 1459:1508 anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks 1459:1508 RESULTS All healthy individuals and DM I patients responded with anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks after Pn23 immunization, while no increase in blood group anti-A/B antibody titer was observed when measured by the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System. 27895641 9 20 theme ABO 2174:2176 arg1 antigens 2178:2185 blood group ABO antigens 2162:2185 blood group ABO antigens 2162:2185 CONCLUSION The study provides evidence for epitope sharing between pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group ABO antigens, which leads to a booster of blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals. 27895641 4 21 theme Anti-PnP 924:931 arg1 IgM 933:935 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM 916:935 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM 916:935 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM and IgG responses were determined by ELISA, and the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System was used to screen anti-A/B antibody titer before and after Pn23 immunization in 28 healthy individuals and 16 patients with DM I. 27895641 9 22 theme group 2168:2172 arg1 antigens 2178:2185 blood group ABO antigens 2162:2185 blood group ABO antigens 2162:2185 CONCLUSION The study provides evidence for epitope sharing between pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group ABO antigens, which leads to a booster of blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals. 27895641 1 23 from antigens 279:286 arg1 absence 295:301 the absence 291:301 the absence of antigen encounter 291:322 HYPOTHESIS Blood group antibodies are natural antibodies that develop early in life in response to cross-reactive environmental antigens in the absence of antigen encounter. 27895641 6 24 theme blood 1556:1560 arg1 titer 1586:1590 blood group anti-A/B antibody titer 1556:1590 blood group anti-A/B antibody titer 1556:1590 RESULTS All healthy individuals and DM I patients responded with anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks after Pn23 immunization, while no increase in blood group anti-A/B antibody titer was observed when measured by the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System. 27895641 0 25 from Antibodies 73:82 arg1 Patients 111:118 Patients 111:118 Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus 111:148 Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination Elicits IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus. 27895641 0 25 from Antibodies 73:82 arg1 Individuals 95:105 Healthy Individuals 87:105 Healthy Individuals 87:105 Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination Elicits IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus. 27895641 8 26 theme anti-A/B 1889:1896 arg1 antibodies 1898:1907 blood group anti-A/B antibodies 1877:1907 blood group anti-A/B antibodies 1877:1907 No change in binding characteristics of blood group anti-A/B antibodies could be detected following Pn23 vaccination, supporting the assumption of an increase in IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation. 27895641 6 27 theme group 1562:1566 arg1 titer 1586:1590 blood group anti-A/B antibody titer 1556:1590 blood group anti-A/B antibody titer 1556:1590 RESULTS All healthy individuals and DM I patients responded with anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks after Pn23 immunization, while no increase in blood group anti-A/B antibody titer was observed when measured by the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System. 27895641 6 28 theme DiaMed-ID 1626:1634 arg1 System 1649:1654 the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System 1622:1654 the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System 1622:1654 RESULTS All healthy individuals and DM I patients responded with anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks after Pn23 immunization, while no increase in blood group anti-A/B antibody titer was observed when measured by the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System. 27895641 7 29 theme SPR 1700:1702 arg1 technology 1704:1713 SPR technology 1700:1713 SPR technology 1700:1713 Interestingly, isotype-specific testing by SPR technology revealed an increase in blood group anti-A/B IgG, but not IgM, following Pn23 immunization in both patients and controls. 27895641 10 30 theme DM 2356:2357 arg1 patients 2361:2368 DM I patients 2356:2368 DM I patients 2356:2368 Manifest autoimmunity such as present in DM I patients has no additional effect on the cross-reactive antibody response against pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group antigens. 27895641 9 31 theme IgG 2255:2257 arg1 isotype 2259:2265 the IgG isotype 2251:2265 the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals 2251:2312 CONCLUSION The study provides evidence for epitope sharing between pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group ABO antigens, which leads to a booster of blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals. 27895641 5 32 theme blood 1248:1252 arg1 trisaccharide 1264:1276 a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide 1236:1276 a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide 1236:1276 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 5 32 theme blood 1248:1252 arg1 antigen 1285:1291 the antigen 1281:1291 the antigen 1281:1291 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 5 32 theme blood 1248:1252 arg1 device 1225:1230 the Biacore® device 1212:1230 the Biacore® device 1212:1230 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 3 33 theme pneumococcal 656:667 arg1 Vaccine 708:714 pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine 656:714 pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) 656:739 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 9 34 from antibodies 2237:2246 arg1 individuals 2302:2312 healthy individuals 2294:2312 healthy individuals 2294:2312 CONCLUSION The study provides evidence for epitope sharing between pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group ABO antigens, which leads to a booster of blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals. 27895641 1 35 theme Blood 162:166 arg1 antibodies 197:206 natural antibodies 189:206 natural antibodies that develop early in life in response to cross-reactive environmental antigens in the absence of antigen encounter 189:322 HYPOTHESIS Blood group antibodies are natural antibodies that develop early in life in response to cross-reactive environmental antigens in the absence of antigen encounter. 27895641 1 35 theme Blood 162:166 arg1 antibodies 174:183 HYPOTHESIS Blood group antibodies 151:183 HYPOTHESIS Blood group antibodies 151:183 HYPOTHESIS Blood group antibodies are natural antibodies that develop early in life in response to cross-reactive environmental antigens in the absence of antigen encounter. 27895641 8 36 from increase 1987:1994 arg1 titer 2012:2016 IgG antibody titer 1999:2016 IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation 1999:2059 No change in binding characteristics of blood group anti-A/B antibodies could be detected following Pn23 vaccination, supporting the assumption of an increase in IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation. 27895641 0 37 theme Healthy 87:93 arg1 Individuals 95:105 Healthy Individuals 87:105 Healthy Individuals 87:105 Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination Elicits IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus. 27895641 6 38 theme Typing 1642:1647 arg1 System 1649:1654 the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System 1622:1654 the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System 1622:1654 RESULTS All healthy individuals and DM I patients responded with anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks after Pn23 immunization, while no increase in blood group anti-A/B antibody titer was observed when measured by the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System. 27895641 3 39 theme immune 857:862 arg1 response 864:871 an aberrant immune response 845:871 an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens 845:893 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 9 40 dep CONCLUSION 2062:2071 arg1 provides 2083:2090 provides 2083:2090 provides evidence for epitope sharing between pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group ABO antigens, which leads to a booster of blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals 2083:2312 CONCLUSION The study provides evidence for epitope sharing between pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group ABO antigens, which leads to a booster of blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals. 27895641 9 41 theme blood 2216:2220 arg1 antibodies 2237:2246 blood group anti-A/B antibodies 2216:2246 blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals 2216:2312 CONCLUSION The study provides evidence for epitope sharing between pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group ABO antigens, which leads to a booster of blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals. 27895641 8 42 from titer 2012:2016 arg1 assumption 1970:1979 the assumption 1966:1979 the assumption of an increase in IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation 1966:2059 No change in binding characteristics of blood group anti-A/B antibodies could be detected following Pn23 vaccination, supporting the assumption of an increase in IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation. 27895641 8 43 theme affinity 2041:2048 arg1 maturation 2050:2059 very little affinity maturation 2029:2059 very little affinity maturation 2029:2059 No change in binding characteristics of blood group anti-A/B antibodies could be detected following Pn23 vaccination, supporting the assumption of an increase in IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation. 27895641 2 44 theme bacterial 433:441 arg1 polysaccharides 443:457 bacterial polysaccharides 433:457 bacterial polysaccharides 433:457 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 3 45 with immunization 638:649 arg1 Vaccine 708:714 pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine 656:714 pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) 656:739 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 8 46 theme antibody 2003:2010 arg1 titer 2012:2016 IgG antibody titer 1999:2016 IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation 1999:2059 No change in binding characteristics of blood group anti-A/B antibodies could be detected following Pn23 vaccination, supporting the assumption of an increase in IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation. 27895641 4 47 theme Typing 1005:1010 arg1 System 1012:1017 the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System 985:1017 the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System 985:1017 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM and IgG responses were determined by ELISA, and the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System was used to screen anti-A/B antibody titer before and after Pn23 immunization in 28 healthy individuals and 16 patients with DM I. 27895641 0 48 theme Pneumococcal 0:11 arg1 Vaccination 28:38 Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination 0:38 Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination 0:38 Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination Elicits IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus. 27895641 6 49 theme anti-A/B 1568:1575 arg1 titer 1586:1590 blood group anti-A/B antibody titer 1556:1590 blood group anti-A/B antibody titer 1556:1590 RESULTS All healthy individuals and DM I patients responded with anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks after Pn23 immunization, while no increase in blood group anti-A/B antibody titer was observed when measured by the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System. 27895641 5 50 theme A/B 1260:1262 arg1 trisaccharide 1264:1276 a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide 1236:1276 a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide 1236:1276 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 5 50 theme A/B 1260:1262 arg1 antigen 1285:1291 the antigen 1281:1291 the antigen 1281:1291 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 5 50 theme A/B 1260:1262 arg1 device 1225:1230 the Biacore® device 1212:1230 the Biacore® device 1212:1230 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 2 51 theme group 469:473 arg1 antigens 479:486 blood group A/B antigens 463:486 blood group A/B antigens 463:486 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 2 51 theme group 469:473 arg1 polysaccharides 443:457 bacterial polysaccharides 433:457 bacterial polysaccharides 433:457 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 8 52 theme increase 1987:1994 arg1 assumption 1970:1979 the assumption 1966:1979 the assumption of an increase in IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation 1966:2059 No change in binding characteristics of blood group anti-A/B antibodies could be detected following Pn23 vaccination, supporting the assumption of an increase in IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation. 27895641 1 53 theme antigen 306:312 arg1 encounter 314:322 antigen encounter 306:322 antigen encounter 306:322 HYPOTHESIS Blood group antibodies are natural antibodies that develop early in life in response to cross-reactive environmental antigens in the absence of antigen encounter. 27895641 4 54 with individuals 1111:1121 arg1 DM 1144:1145 DM I 1144:1147 DM I 1144:1147 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM and IgG responses were determined by ELISA, and the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System was used to screen anti-A/B antibody titer before and after Pn23 immunization in 28 healthy individuals and 16 patients with DM I. 27895641 7 55 from immunization 1793:1804 arg1 controls 1827:1834 controls 1827:1834 controls 1827:1834 Interestingly, isotype-specific testing by SPR technology revealed an increase in blood group anti-A/B IgG, but not IgM, following Pn23 immunization in both patients and controls. 27895641 7 55 from immunization 1793:1804 arg1 patients 1814:1821 patients 1814:1821 patients 1814:1821 Interestingly, isotype-specific testing by SPR technology revealed an increase in blood group anti-A/B IgG, but not IgM, following Pn23 immunization in both patients and controls. 27895641 2 56 theme serum 513:517 arg1 levels 519:524 serum levels 513:524 serum levels 513:524 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 3 57 theme Pneumo 698:703 arg1 Vaccine 708:714 pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine 656:714 pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) 656:739 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 0 58 theme IgG 48:50 arg1 Antibodies 73:82 IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies 48:82 IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus 48:148 Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination Elicits IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus. 27895641 8 59 theme IgG 1999:2001 arg1 titer 2012:2016 IgG antibody titer 1999:2016 IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation 1999:2059 No change in binding characteristics of blood group anti-A/B antibodies could be detected following Pn23 vaccination, supporting the assumption of an increase in IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation. 27895641 4 60 theme DiaMed-ID 989:997 arg1 System 1012:1017 the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System 985:1017 the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System 985:1017 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM and IgG responses were determined by ELISA, and the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System was used to screen anti-A/B antibody titer before and after Pn23 immunization in 28 healthy individuals and 16 patients with DM I. 27895641 5 61 theme anti-A/B 1332:1339 arg1 antibodies 1341:1350 IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies 1320:1350 IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies 1320:1350 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 0 62 theme Blood 61:65 arg1 Antibodies 73:82 IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies 48:82 IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus 48:148 Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination Elicits IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus. 27895641 7 63 theme Pn23 1788:1791 arg1 immunization 1793:1804 Pn23 immunization 1788:1804 Pn23 immunization in both patients and controls 1788:1834 Interestingly, isotype-specific testing by SPR technology revealed an increase in blood group anti-A/B IgG, but not IgM, following Pn23 immunization in both patients and controls. 27895641 3 64 theme Pasteur 717:723 arg1 Pn23 735:738 Pn23 735:738 Pn23 735:738 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 3 64 theme Pasteur 717:723 arg1 " 732:732 "Pasteur Merieux" 716:732 pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) 656:739 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 2 65 theme structural 344:353 arg1 similarities 355:366 Even later in life structural similarities 325:366 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens 325:486 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 6 66 dep RESULTS 1394:1400 arg1 patients 1435:1442 DM I patients 1430:1442 DM I patients 1430:1442 RESULTS All healthy individuals and DM I patients responded with anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks after Pn23 immunization, while no increase in blood group anti-A/B antibody titer was observed when measured by the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System. 27895641 6 66 dep RESULTS 1394:1400 arg1 individuals 1414:1424 All healthy individuals 1402:1424 All healthy individuals 1402:1424 RESULTS All healthy individuals and DM I patients responded with anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks after Pn23 immunization, while no increase in blood group anti-A/B antibody titer was observed when measured by the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System. 27895641 8 67 with titer 2012:2016 arg1 maturation 2050:2059 very little affinity maturation 2029:2059 very little affinity maturation 2029:2059 No change in binding characteristics of blood group anti-A/B antibodies could be detected following Pn23 vaccination, supporting the assumption of an increase in IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation. 27895641 8 67 with titer 2012:2016 arg1 no 2023:2024 no 2023:2024 no 2023:2024 No change in binding characteristics of blood group anti-A/B antibodies could be detected following Pn23 vaccination, supporting the assumption of an increase in IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation. 27895641 2 68 theme environmental 402:414 arg1 antigens 416:423 environmental antigens 402:423 environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides 402:457 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 2 68 theme environmental 402:414 arg1 polysaccharides 443:457 bacterial polysaccharides 433:457 bacterial polysaccharides 433:457 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 6 69 theme I 1433:1433 arg1 patients 1435:1442 DM I patients 1430:1442 DM I patients 1430:1442 RESULTS All healthy individuals and DM I patients responded with anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks after Pn23 immunization, while no increase in blood group anti-A/B antibody titer was observed when measured by the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System. 27895641 10 70 theme I 2359:2359 arg1 patients 2361:2368 DM I patients 2356:2368 DM I patients 2356:2368 Manifest autoimmunity such as present in DM I patients has no additional effect on the cross-reactive antibody response against pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group antigens. 27895641 10 71 theme antibody 2417:2424 arg1 response 2426:2433 the cross-reactive antibody response 2398:2433 the cross-reactive antibody response against pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group antigens 2398:2495 Manifest autoimmunity such as present in DM I patients has no additional effect on the cross-reactive antibody response against pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group antigens. 27895641 1 72 theme environmental 265:277 arg1 antigens 279:286 cross-reactive environmental antigens 250:286 cross-reactive environmental antigens in the absence of antigen encounter 250:322 HYPOTHESIS Blood group antibodies are natural antibodies that develop early in life in response to cross-reactive environmental antigens in the absence of antigen encounter. 27895641 10 73 dep autoimmunity 2324:2335 arg1 Manifest 2315:2322 Manifest 2315:2322 Manifest 2315:2322 Manifest autoimmunity such as present in DM I patients has no additional effect on the cross-reactive antibody response against pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group antigens. 27895641 4 74 theme anti-A/B 1038:1045 arg1 titer 1056:1060 anti-A/B antibody titer 1038:1060 anti-A/B antibody titer before and after Pn23 immunization in 28 healthy individuals and 16 patients with DM I 1038:1147 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM and IgG responses were determined by ELISA, and the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System was used to screen anti-A/B antibody titer before and after Pn23 immunization in 28 healthy individuals and 16 patients with DM I. 27895641 6 75 theme healthy 1406:1412 arg1 individuals 1414:1424 All healthy individuals 1402:1424 All healthy individuals 1402:1424 RESULTS All healthy individuals and DM I patients responded with anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks after Pn23 immunization, while no increase in blood group anti-A/B antibody titer was observed when measured by the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System. 27895641 5 76 theme plasmon 1171:1177 arg1 SPR 1190:1192 SPR 1190:1192 SPR 1190:1192 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 5 76 theme plasmon 1171:1177 arg1 resonance 1179:1187 surface plasmon resonance 1163:1187 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen 1163:1291 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 7 77 theme anti-A/B 1751:1758 arg1 IgG 1760:1762 blood group anti-A/B IgG 1739:1762 blood group anti-A/B IgG 1739:1762 Interestingly, isotype-specific testing by SPR technology revealed an increase in blood group anti-A/B IgG, but not IgM, following Pn23 immunization in both patients and controls. 27895641 4 78 theme healthy 1103:1109 arg1 individuals 1111:1121 28 healthy individuals 1100:1121 28 healthy individuals 1100:1121 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM and IgG responses were determined by ELISA, and the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System was used to screen anti-A/B antibody titer before and after Pn23 immunization in 28 healthy individuals and 16 patients with DM I. 27895641 10 79 from autoimmunity 2324:2335 arg1 patients 2361:2368 DM I patients 2356:2368 DM I patients 2356:2368 Manifest autoimmunity such as present in DM I patients has no additional effect on the cross-reactive antibody response against pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group antigens. 27895641 10 80 theme cross-reactive 2402:2415 arg1 response 2426:2433 the cross-reactive antibody response 2398:2433 the cross-reactive antibody response against pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group antigens 2398:2495 Manifest autoimmunity such as present in DM I patients has no additional effect on the cross-reactive antibody response against pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group antigens. 27895641 7 81 theme blood 1739:1743 arg1 IgG 1760:1762 blood group anti-A/B IgG 1739:1762 blood group anti-A/B IgG 1739:1762 Interestingly, isotype-specific testing by SPR technology revealed an increase in blood group anti-A/B IgG, but not IgM, following Pn23 immunization in both patients and controls. 27895641 8 82 theme Pn23 1937:1940 arg1 vaccination 1942:1952 Pn23 vaccination 1937:1952 Pn23 vaccination 1937:1952 No change in binding characteristics of blood group anti-A/B antibodies could be detected following Pn23 vaccination, supporting the assumption of an increase in IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation. 27895641 8 83 theme binding 1850:1856 arg1 characteristics 1858:1872 binding characteristics 1850:1872 binding characteristics of blood group anti-A/B antibodies 1850:1907 No change in binding characteristics of blood group anti-A/B antibodies could be detected following Pn23 vaccination, supporting the assumption of an increase in IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation. 27895641 6 84 theme antibody 1480:1487 arg1 production 1489:1498 IgG antibody production 1476:1498 IgG antibody production 1476:1498 RESULTS All healthy individuals and DM I patients responded with anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks after Pn23 immunization, while no increase in blood group anti-A/B antibody titer was observed when measured by the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System. 27895641 4 85 theme Pn23 1079:1082 arg1 immunization 1084:1095 Pn23 immunization 1079:1095 Pn23 immunization 1079:1095 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM and IgG responses were determined by ELISA, and the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System was used to screen anti-A/B antibody titer before and after Pn23 immunization in 28 healthy individuals and 16 patients with DM I. 27895641 10 86 theme pneumococcal 2443:2454 arg1 polysaccharides 2456:2470 pneumococcal polysaccharides 2443:2470 pneumococcal polysaccharides 2443:2470 Manifest autoimmunity such as present in DM I patients has no additional effect on the cross-reactive antibody response against pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group antigens. 27895641 5 87 theme antibody 1367:1374 arg1 dynamics 1384:1391 antibody binding dynamics 1367:1391 antibody binding dynamics 1367:1391 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 0 88 theme Diabetes 132:139 arg1 Mellitus 141:148 Type I Diabetes Mellitus 125:148 Type I Diabetes Mellitus 125:148 Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination Elicits IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus. 27895641 5 89 theme binding 1376:1382 arg1 dynamics 1384:1391 antibody binding dynamics 1367:1391 antibody binding dynamics 1367:1391 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 10 90 contain has 2370:2372 arg1 autoimmunity 2324:2335 Manifest autoimmunity 2315:2335 Manifest autoimmunity such as present in DM I patients 2315:2368 Manifest autoimmunity such as present in DM I patients has no additional effect on the cross-reactive antibody response against pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group antigens. 27895641 10 90 contain has 2370:2372 arg2 effect 2388:2393 no additional effect 2374:2393 no additional effect 2374:2393 Manifest autoimmunity such as present in DM I patients has no additional effect on the cross-reactive antibody response against pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group antigens. 27895641 2 91 theme group 577:581 arg1 antibodies 592:601 blood group anti-A/B antibodies 571:601 blood group anti-A/B antibodies 571:601 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 9 92 theme blood 2162:2166 arg1 antigens 2178:2185 blood group ABO antigens 2162:2185 blood group ABO antigens 2162:2185 CONCLUSION The study provides evidence for epitope sharing between pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group ABO antigens, which leads to a booster of blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals. 27895641 8 93 theme group 1883:1887 arg1 antibodies 1898:1907 blood group anti-A/B antibodies 1877:1907 blood group anti-A/B antibodies 1877:1907 No change in binding characteristics of blood group anti-A/B antibodies could be detected following Pn23 vaccination, supporting the assumption of an increase in IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation. 27895641 6 94 theme anti-PnP 1459:1466 arg1 IgM 1468:1470 anti-PnP IgM 1459:1470 anti-PnP IgM 1459:1470 RESULTS All healthy individuals and DM I patients responded with anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks after Pn23 immunization, while no increase in blood group anti-A/B antibody titer was observed when measured by the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System. 27895641 4 95 theme METHODS 916:922 arg1 IgM 933:935 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM 916:935 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM 916:935 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM and IgG responses were determined by ELISA, and the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System was used to screen anti-A/B antibody titer before and after Pn23 immunization in 28 healthy individuals and 16 patients with DM I. 27895641 10 96 theme group 2482:2486 arg1 antigens 2488:2495 blood group antigens 2476:2495 blood group antigens 2476:2495 Manifest autoimmunity such as present in DM I patients has no additional effect on the cross-reactive antibody response against pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group antigens. 27895641 3 97 theme diabetes 791:798 arg1 DM 810:811 DM I 810:813 DM I 810:813 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 3 97 theme diabetes 791:798 arg1 mellitus 800:807 type I diabetes mellitus 784:807 type I diabetes mellitus (DM I) 784:814 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 3 97 theme diabetes 791:798 arg1 disease 831:837 an autoimmune disease 817:837 an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role 817:913 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 8 98 theme antibodies 1898:1907 arg1 characteristics 1858:1872 binding characteristics 1850:1872 binding characteristics of blood group anti-A/B antibodies 1850:1907 No change in binding characteristics of blood group anti-A/B antibodies could be detected following Pn23 vaccination, supporting the assumption of an increase in IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation. 27895641 6 99 from increase 1544:1551 arg1 titer 1586:1590 blood group anti-A/B antibody titer 1556:1590 blood group anti-A/B antibody titer 1556:1590 RESULTS All healthy individuals and DM I patients responded with anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks after Pn23 immunization, while no increase in blood group anti-A/B antibody titer was observed when measured by the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System. 27895641 6 100 theme Micro 1636:1640 arg1 System 1649:1654 the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System 1622:1654 the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System 1622:1654 RESULTS All healthy individuals and DM I patients responded with anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks after Pn23 immunization, while no increase in blood group anti-A/B antibody titer was observed when measured by the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System. 27895641 3 101 theme type 784:787 arg1 DM 810:811 DM I 810:813 DM I 810:813 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 3 101 theme type 784:787 arg1 mellitus 800:807 type I diabetes mellitus 784:807 type I diabetes mellitus (DM I) 784:814 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 3 101 theme type 784:787 arg1 disease 831:837 an autoimmune disease 817:837 an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role 817:913 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 3 102 theme polysaccharide 669:682 arg1 Vaccine 708:714 pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine 656:714 pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) 656:739 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 9 103 from isotype 2259:2265 arg1 individuals 2302:2312 healthy individuals 2294:2312 healthy individuals 2294:2312 CONCLUSION The study provides evidence for epitope sharing between pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group ABO antigens, which leads to a booster of blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals. 27895641 4 104 from titer 1056:1060 arg1 individuals 1111:1121 28 healthy individuals 1100:1121 28 healthy individuals 1100:1121 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM and IgG responses were determined by ELISA, and the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System was used to screen anti-A/B antibody titer before and after Pn23 immunization in 28 healthy individuals and 16 patients with DM I. 27895641 4 104 from titer 1056:1060 arg1 patients 1130:1137 16 patients 1127:1137 16 patients with DM I 1127:1147 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM and IgG responses were determined by ELISA, and the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System was used to screen anti-A/B antibody titer before and after Pn23 immunization in 28 healthy individuals and 16 patients with DM I. 27895641 3 105 theme aberrant 848:855 arg1 response 864:871 an aberrant immune response 845:871 an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens 845:893 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 2 106 theme antibodies 592:601 arg1 levels 519:524 serum levels 513:524 serum levels 513:524 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 2 106 theme antibodies 592:601 arg1 isotype 535:541 IgM/IgG isotype 527:541 IgM/IgG isotype 527:541 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 2 106 theme antibodies 592:601 arg1 maturation 557:566 affinity maturation 548:566 affinity maturation 548:566 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 3 107 contain have 747:750 arg1 immunization 638:649 immunization 638:649 immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) 638:739 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 3 107 contain have 747:750 arg2 effect 760:765 such an effect 752:765 such an effect 752:765 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 5 108 theme synthetic 1238:1246 arg1 trisaccharide 1264:1276 a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide 1236:1276 a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide 1236:1276 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 5 108 theme synthetic 1238:1246 arg1 antigen 1285:1291 the antigen 1281:1291 the antigen 1281:1291 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 5 108 theme synthetic 1238:1246 arg1 device 1225:1230 the Biacore® device 1212:1230 the Biacore® device 1212:1230 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 9 109 theme healthy 2294:2300 arg1 individuals 2302:2312 healthy individuals 2294:2312 healthy individuals 2294:2312 CONCLUSION The study provides evidence for epitope sharing between pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group ABO antigens, which leads to a booster of blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals. 27895641 1 110 theme HYPOTHESIS 151:160 arg1 antibodies 197:206 natural antibodies 189:206 natural antibodies that develop early in life in response to cross-reactive environmental antigens in the absence of antigen encounter 189:322 HYPOTHESIS Blood group antibodies are natural antibodies that develop early in life in response to cross-reactive environmental antigens in the absence of antigen encounter. 27895641 1 110 theme HYPOTHESIS 151:160 arg1 antibodies 174:183 HYPOTHESIS Blood group antibodies 151:183 HYPOTHESIS Blood group antibodies 151:183 HYPOTHESIS Blood group antibodies are natural antibodies that develop early in life in response to cross-reactive environmental antigens in the absence of antigen encounter. 27895641 2 111 theme IgM/IgG 527:533 arg1 isotype 535:541 IgM/IgG isotype 527:541 IgM/IgG isotype 527:541 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 2 112 theme affinity 548:555 arg1 maturation 557:566 affinity maturation 548:566 affinity maturation 548:566 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 6 113 theme Pn23 1516:1519 arg1 immunization 1521:1532 Pn23 immunization 1516:1532 Pn23 immunization 1516:1532 RESULTS All healthy individuals and DM I patients responded with anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks after Pn23 immunization, while no increase in blood group anti-A/B antibody titer was observed when measured by the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System. 27895641 1 114 theme group 168:172 arg1 antibodies 197:206 natural antibodies 189:206 natural antibodies that develop early in life in response to cross-reactive environmental antigens in the absence of antigen encounter 189:322 HYPOTHESIS Blood group antibodies are natural antibodies that develop early in life in response to cross-reactive environmental antigens in the absence of antigen encounter. 27895641 1 114 theme group 168:172 arg1 antibodies 174:183 HYPOTHESIS Blood group antibodies 151:183 HYPOTHESIS Blood group antibodies 151:183 HYPOTHESIS Blood group antibodies are natural antibodies that develop early in life in response to cross-reactive environmental antigens in the absence of antigen encounter. 27895641 3 115 theme microbial 876:884 arg1 antigens 886:893 microbial antigens 876:893 microbial antigens 876:893 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 5 116 theme Biacore® 1216:1223 arg1 trisaccharide 1264:1276 a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide 1236:1276 a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide 1236:1276 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 5 116 theme Biacore® 1216:1223 arg1 antigen 1285:1291 the antigen 1281:1291 the antigen 1281:1291 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 5 116 theme Biacore® 1216:1223 arg1 device 1225:1230 the Biacore® device 1212:1230 the Biacore® device 1212:1230 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 3 117 theme autoimmune 820:829 arg1 disease 831:837 an autoimmune disease 817:837 an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role 817:913 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 3 117 theme autoimmune 820:829 arg1 mellitus 800:807 type I diabetes mellitus 784:807 type I diabetes mellitus (DM I) 784:814 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 7 118 theme isotype-specific 1672:1687 arg1 testing 1689:1695 isotype-specific testing 1672:1695 isotype-specific testing by SPR technology 1672:1713 Interestingly, isotype-specific testing by SPR technology revealed an increase in blood group anti-A/B IgG, but not IgM, following Pn23 immunization in both patients and controls. 27895641 4 119 theme IgM 933:935 arg1 responses 945:953 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM and IgG responses 916:953 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM and IgG responses 916:953 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM and IgG responses were determined by ELISA, and the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System was used to screen anti-A/B antibody titer before and after Pn23 immunization in 28 healthy individuals and 16 patients with DM I. 27895641 2 120 from changes 502:508 arg1 levels 519:524 serum levels 513:524 serum levels 513:524 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 2 120 from changes 502:508 arg1 isotype 535:541 IgM/IgG isotype 527:541 IgM/IgG isotype 527:541 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 2 120 from changes 502:508 arg1 maturation 557:566 affinity maturation 548:566 affinity maturation 548:566 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 9 121 theme group 2222:2226 arg1 antibodies 2237:2246 blood group anti-A/B antibodies 2216:2246 blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals 2216:2312 CONCLUSION The study provides evidence for epitope sharing between pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group ABO antigens, which leads to a booster of blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals. 27895641 0 122 theme Type 125:128 arg1 Mellitus 141:148 Type I Diabetes Mellitus 125:148 Type I Diabetes Mellitus 125:148 Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination Elicits IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus. 27895641 4 123 theme IgG 941:943 arg1 responses 945:953 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM and IgG responses 916:953 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM and IgG responses 916:953 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM and IgG responses were determined by ELISA, and the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System was used to screen anti-A/B antibody titer before and after Pn23 immunization in 28 healthy individuals and 16 patients with DM I. 27895641 8 124 from assumption 1970:1979 arg1 titer 2012:2016 IgG antibody titer 1999:2016 IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation 1999:2059 No change in binding characteristics of blood group anti-A/B antibodies could be detected following Pn23 vaccination, supporting the assumption of an increase in IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation. 27895641 9 125 theme antibodies 2237:2246 arg1 booster 2205:2211 a booster 2203:2211 a booster of blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals 2203:2312 CONCLUSION The study provides evidence for epitope sharing between pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group ABO antigens, which leads to a booster of blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals. 27895641 0 126 theme Polysaccharide 13:26 arg1 Vaccination 28:38 Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination 0:38 Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination 0:38 Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination Elicits IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus. 27895641 6 127 theme antibody 1577:1584 arg1 titer 1586:1590 blood group anti-A/B antibody titer 1556:1590 blood group anti-A/B antibody titer 1556:1590 RESULTS All healthy individuals and DM I patients responded with anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks after Pn23 immunization, while no increase in blood group anti-A/B antibody titer was observed when measured by the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System. 27895641 8 128 theme little 2034:2039 arg1 maturation 2050:2059 very little affinity maturation 2029:2059 very little affinity maturation 2029:2059 No change in binding characteristics of blood group anti-A/B antibodies could be detected following Pn23 vaccination, supporting the assumption of an increase in IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation. 27895641 4 129 theme Micro 999:1003 arg1 System 1012:1017 the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System 985:1017 the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System 985:1017 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM and IgG responses were determined by ELISA, and the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System was used to screen anti-A/B antibody titer before and after Pn23 immunization in 28 healthy individuals and 16 patients with DM I. 27895641 5 130 theme group 1254:1258 arg1 trisaccharide 1264:1276 a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide 1236:1276 a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide 1236:1276 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 5 130 theme group 1254:1258 arg1 antigen 1285:1291 the antigen 1281:1291 the antigen 1281:1291 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 5 130 theme group 1254:1258 arg1 device 1225:1230 the Biacore® device 1212:1230 the Biacore® device 1212:1230 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 3 131 with patients 770:777 arg1 DM 810:811 DM I 810:813 DM I 810:813 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 3 131 with patients 770:777 arg1 mellitus 800:807 type I diabetes mellitus 784:807 type I diabetes mellitus (DM I) 784:814 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 3 131 with patients 770:777 arg1 disease 831:837 an autoimmune disease 817:837 an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role 817:913 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 4 132 used used 1023:1026 arg2 System 1012:1017 the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System 985:1017 the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System 985:1017 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM and IgG responses were determined by ELISA, and the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System was used to screen anti-A/B antibody titer before and after Pn23 immunization in 28 healthy individuals and 16 patients with DM I. 27895641 2 133 theme A/B 475:477 arg1 antigens 479:486 blood group A/B antigens 463:486 blood group A/B antigens 463:486 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 2 133 theme A/B 475:477 arg1 polysaccharides 443:457 bacterial polysaccharides 433:457 bacterial polysaccharides 433:457 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 3 134 theme vaccine 690:696 arg1 Vaccine 708:714 pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine 656:714 pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) 656:739 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 2 135 theme blood 463:467 arg1 antigens 479:486 blood group A/B antigens 463:486 blood group A/B antigens 463:486 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 2 135 theme blood 463:467 arg1 polysaccharides 443:457 bacterial polysaccharides 433:457 bacterial polysaccharides 433:457 Even later in life structural similarities in saccharide composition between environmental antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides and blood group A/B antigens could lead to changes in serum levels, IgM/IgG isotype, and affinity maturation of blood group anti-A/B antibodies. 27895641 0 136 theme Anti-A/B 52:59 arg1 Antibodies 73:82 IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies 48:82 IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus 48:148 Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination Elicits IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus. 27895641 1 137 theme encounter 314:322 arg1 absence 295:301 the absence 291:301 the absence of antigen encounter 291:322 HYPOTHESIS Blood group antibodies are natural antibodies that develop early in life in response to cross-reactive environmental antigens in the absence of antigen encounter. 27895641 9 138 theme anti-A/B 2228:2235 arg1 antibodies 2237:2246 blood group anti-A/B antibodies 2216:2246 blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals 2216:2312 CONCLUSION The study provides evidence for epitope sharing between pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group ABO antigens, which leads to a booster of blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals. 27895641 3 139 theme PnP 685:687 arg1 Vaccine 708:714 pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine 656:714 pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) 656:739 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 5 140 theme IgG 1328:1330 arg1 antibodies 1341:1350 IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies 1320:1350 IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies 1320:1350 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 9 141 theme Pn23 2273:2276 arg1 immunization 2278:2289 Pn23 immunization 2273:2289 Pn23 immunization 2273:2289 CONCLUSION The study provides evidence for epitope sharing between pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group ABO antigens, which leads to a booster of blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals. 27895641 0 142 theme Group 67:71 arg1 Antibodies 73:82 IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies 48:82 IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus 48:148 Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination Elicits IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus. 27895641 7 143 from increase 1727:1734 arg1 IgG 1760:1762 blood group anti-A/B IgG 1739:1762 blood group anti-A/B IgG 1739:1762 Interestingly, isotype-specific testing by SPR technology revealed an increase in blood group anti-A/B IgG, but not IgM, following Pn23 immunization in both patients and controls. 27895641 8 144 theme blood 1877:1881 arg1 antibodies 1898:1907 blood group anti-A/B antibodies 1877:1907 blood group anti-A/B antibodies 1877:1907 No change in binding characteristics of blood group anti-A/B antibodies could be detected following Pn23 vaccination, supporting the assumption of an increase in IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation. 27895641 8 145 from change 1840:1845 arg1 characteristics 1858:1872 binding characteristics 1850:1872 binding characteristics of blood group anti-A/B antibodies 1850:1907 No change in binding characteristics of blood group anti-A/B antibodies could be detected following Pn23 vaccination, supporting the assumption of an increase in IgG antibody titer with no or very little affinity maturation. 27895641 4 146 theme antibody 1047:1054 arg1 titer 1056:1060 anti-A/B antibody titer 1038:1060 anti-A/B antibody titer before and after Pn23 immunization in 28 healthy individuals and 16 patients with DM I 1038:1147 METHODS Anti-PnP IgM and IgG responses were determined by ELISA, and the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System was used to screen anti-A/B antibody titer before and after Pn23 immunization in 28 healthy individuals and 16 patients with DM I. 27895641 9 147 theme isotype 2259:2265 arg1 antibodies 2237:2246 blood group anti-A/B antibodies 2216:2246 blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals 2216:2312 CONCLUSION The study provides evidence for epitope sharing between pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group ABO antigens, which leads to a booster of blood group anti-A/B antibodies of the IgG isotype after Pn23 immunization in healthy individuals. 27895641 3 148 dep Vaccine 708:714 arg1 Pn23 735:738 Pn23 735:738 Pn23 735:738 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 3 148 dep Vaccine 708:714 arg1 " 732:732 "Pasteur Merieux" 716:732 pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) 656:739 We addressed the question whether immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnP) vaccine Pneumo 23 Vaccine "Pasteur Merieux" (Pn23) could have such an effect in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM I), an autoimmune disease where an aberrant immune response to microbial antigens likely plays a role. 27895641 10 149 theme additional 2377:2386 arg1 effect 2388:2393 no additional effect 2374:2393 no additional effect 2374:2393 Manifest autoimmunity such as present in DM I patients has no additional effect on the cross-reactive antibody response against pneumococcal polysaccharides and blood group antigens. 27895641 5 150 theme IgM 1320:1322 arg1 antibodies 1341:1350 IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies 1320:1350 IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies 1320:1350 In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using the Biacore® device and a synthetic blood group A/B trisaccharide as the antigen was applied to investigate IgM and IgG anti-A/B antibodies and to measure antibody binding dynamics. 27895641 6 151 theme DM 1430:1431 arg1 patients 1435:1442 DM I patients 1430:1442 DM I patients 1430:1442 RESULTS All healthy individuals and DM I patients responded with anti-PnP IgM and IgG antibody production 4-6 weeks after Pn23 immunization, while no increase in blood group anti-A/B antibody titer was observed when measured by the DiaMed-ID Micro Typing System. 27895641 1 152 theme cross-reactive 250:263 arg1 antigens 279:286 cross-reactive environmental antigens 250:286 cross-reactive environmental antigens in the absence of antigen encounter 250:322 HYPOTHESIS Blood group antibodies are natural antibodies that develop early in life in response to cross-reactive environmental antigens in the absence of antigen encounter. 27845028 11 0 theme oocytes 1320:1326 arg1 composition 1298:1308 The low protein composition 1282:1308 The low protein composition of mature oocytes associated with the large nutrient content of vitellocytes of C. metoecus 1282:1400 The low protein composition of mature oocytes associated with the large nutrient content of vitellocytes of C. metoecus enables us to consider that oocytes do not take part of the nutrition of the future embryo of the miracidium. 27845028 11 1 theme low 1286:1288 arg1 composition 1298:1308 The low protein composition 1282:1308 The low protein composition of mature oocytes associated with the large nutrient content of vitellocytes of C. metoecus 1282:1400 The low protein composition of mature oocytes associated with the large nutrient content of vitellocytes of C. metoecus enables us to consider that oocytes do not take part of the nutrition of the future embryo of the miracidium. 27845028 1 2 theme Salmo 240:244 arg1 trutta 246:251 Salmo trutta 240:251 Salmo trutta collected in Corsica 240:272 We describe the vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus from Salmo trutta collected in Corsica. 27845028 8 3 theme large 892:896 arg1 quantities 962:971 high quantities 957:971 high quantities of material for the developing shell 957:1008 Compared to other trematodes studied, C. metoecus possesses a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell. 27845028 8 3 theme large 892:896 arg1 amount 898:903 a large amount 890:903 a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell 890:1008 Compared to other trematodes studied, C. metoecus possesses a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell. 27845028 8 3 theme large 892:896 arg1 reserves 918:925 nutritive reserves 908:925 nutritive reserves for the developing embryo 908:951 Compared to other trematodes studied, C. metoecus possesses a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell. 27845028 10 4 theme synaptonemal 1239:1250 arg1 complexes 1252:1260 synaptonemal complexes 1239:1260 synaptonemal complexes 1239:1260 Developing oocytes enter the zygotene-pachytene stage of the first meiotic division recognizable by the presence of synaptonemal complexes in the nucleoplasm. 27845028 9 5 theme Oocyte 1011:1016 arg1 maturation 1018:1027 Oocyte maturation 1011:1027 Oocyte maturation 1011:1027 Oocyte maturation takes place in four stages: oogonia, primary oocytes, developing oocytes, and mature oocytes. 27845028 10 6 attach presence 1227:1234 arg2 complexes 1252:1260 synaptonemal complexes 1239:1260 synaptonemal complexes 1239:1260 Developing oocytes enter the zygotene-pachytene stage of the first meiotic division recognizable by the presence of synaptonemal complexes in the nucleoplasm. 27845028 10 6 attach presence 1227:1234 arg1 nucleoplasm 1269:1279 the nucleoplasm 1265:1279 the nucleoplasm 1265:1279 Developing oocytes enter the zygotene-pachytene stage of the first meiotic division recognizable by the presence of synaptonemal complexes in the nucleoplasm. 27845028 9 7 theme developing 1083:1092 arg1 oocytes 1094:1100 developing oocytes 1083:1100 developing oocytes 1083:1100 Oocyte maturation takes place in four stages: oogonia, primary oocytes, developing oocytes, and mature oocytes. 27845028 9 7 theme developing 1083:1092 arg1 stages 1049:1054 four stages 1044:1054 four stages 1044:1054 Oocyte maturation takes place in four stages: oogonia, primary oocytes, developing oocytes, and mature oocytes. 27845028 8 8 theme other 842:846 arg1 trematodes 848:857 other trematodes 842:857 other trematodes studied 842:865 Compared to other trematodes studied, C. metoecus possesses a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell. 27845028 11 9 theme mature 1313:1318 arg1 oocytes 1320:1326 mature oocytes 1313:1326 mature oocytes associated with the large nutrient content of vitellocytes of C. metoecus 1313:1400 The low protein composition of mature oocytes associated with the large nutrient content of vitellocytes of C. metoecus enables us to consider that oocytes do not take part of the nutrition of the future embryo of the miracidium. 27845028 9 10 dep stages 1049:1054 arg1 oogonia 1057:1063 oogonia 1057:1063 oogonia 1057:1063 Oocyte maturation takes place in four stages: oogonia, primary oocytes, developing oocytes, and mature oocytes. 27845028 11 11 theme nutrition 1462:1470 arg1 part 1450:1453 part 1450:1453 part of the nutrition of the future embryo of the miracidium 1450:1509 The low protein composition of mature oocytes associated with the large nutrient content of vitellocytes of C. metoecus enables us to consider that oocytes do not take part of the nutrition of the future embryo of the miracidium. 27845028 7 12 theme mature 745:750 arg1 vitellocytes 752:763 Fully mature vitellocytes 739:763 Fully mature vitellocytes 739:763 Fully mature vitellocytes are filled with β-glycogen particles and shell globule clusters. 27845028 0 13 theme intestinal 107:116 arg1 parasite 118:125 intestinal parasite 107:125 intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei) 107:161 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae), intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei). 27845028 0 13 theme intestinal 107:116 arg1 trutta 136:141 Salmo trutta 130:141 Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei) 130:161 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae), intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei). 27845028 0 13 theme intestinal 107:116 arg1 study 16:20 Ultrastructural study 0:20 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae) 0:104 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae), intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei). 27845028 10 14 theme Developing 1123:1132 arg1 oocytes 1134:1140 Developing oocytes 1123:1140 Developing oocytes 1123:1140 Developing oocytes enter the zygotene-pachytene stage of the first meiotic division recognizable by the presence of synaptonemal complexes in the nucleoplasm. 27845028 11 15 theme large 1348:1352 arg1 content 1363:1369 the large nutrient content 1344:1369 the large nutrient content of vitellocytes of C. metoecus 1344:1400 The low protein composition of mature oocytes associated with the large nutrient content of vitellocytes of C. metoecus enables us to consider that oocytes do not take part of the nutrition of the future embryo of the miracidium. 27845028 12 16 theme cell 1645:1648 arg1 types 1650:1654 these two cell types 1635:1654 these two cell types 1635:1654 A cytochemical test (Thiéry method) allowed us to detect the presence of polysaccharides and glycogen during maturation of these two cell types. 27845028 10 17 theme meiotic 1190:1196 arg1 division 1198:1205 the first meiotic division 1180:1205 the first meiotic division 1180:1205 Developing oocytes enter the zygotene-pachytene stage of the first meiotic division recognizable by the presence of synaptonemal complexes in the nucleoplasm. 27845028 11 18 theme metoecus 1393:1400 arg1 vitellocytes 1374:1385 vitellocytes 1374:1385 vitellocytes of C. metoecus 1374:1400 The low protein composition of mature oocytes associated with the large nutrient content of vitellocytes of C. metoecus enables us to consider that oocytes do not take part of the nutrition of the future embryo of the miracidium. 27845028 4 19 theme basal 492:496 arg1 lamina 498:503 a basal lamina 490:503 a basal lamina 490:503 The follicular vitellarium is surrounded by a basal lamina. 27845028 5 20 theme follicle 632:639 arg1 center 618:623 the center 614:623 the center of the follicle 614:639 Vitellocytes are randomly distributed into the vitellarium, although fully mature vitellocytes are found in the center of the follicle. 27845028 5 21 theme mature 581:586 arg1 vitellocytes 588:599 fully mature vitellocytes 575:599 fully mature vitellocytes 575:599 Vitellocytes are randomly distributed into the vitellarium, although fully mature vitellocytes are found in the center of the follicle. 27845028 8 22 theme reserves 918:925 arg1 quantities 962:971 high quantities 957:971 high quantities of material for the developing shell 957:1008 Compared to other trematodes studied, C. metoecus possesses a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell. 27845028 8 22 theme reserves 918:925 arg1 amount 898:903 a large amount 890:903 a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell 890:1008 Compared to other trematodes studied, C. metoecus possesses a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell. 27845028 8 22 theme reserves 918:925 arg1 reserves 918:925 nutritive reserves 908:925 nutritive reserves for the developing embryo 908:951 Compared to other trematodes studied, C. metoecus possesses a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell. 27845028 1 23 from trutta 246:251 arg1 vitellogenesis 180:193 vitellogenesis 180:193 vitellogenesis 180:193 We describe the vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus from Salmo trutta collected in Corsica. 27845028 1 23 from trutta 246:251 arg1 oogenesis 199:207 oogenesis 199:207 oogenesis 199:207 We describe the vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus from Salmo trutta collected in Corsica. 27845028 6 24 theme synthetic 709:717 arg1 activity 719:726 synthetic activity 709:726 synthetic activity 709:726 During maturation, the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio decreases, whereas synthetic activity increases. 27845028 0 25 theme Ultrastructural 0:14 arg1 parasite 118:125 intestinal parasite 107:125 intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei) 107:161 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae), intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei). 27845028 0 25 theme Ultrastructural 0:14 arg1 trutta 136:141 Salmo trutta 130:141 Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei) 130:161 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae), intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei). 27845028 0 25 theme Ultrastructural 0:14 arg1 study 16:20 Ultrastructural study 0:20 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae) 0:104 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae), intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei). 27845028 11 26 theme embryo 1486:1491 arg1 nutrition 1462:1470 the nutrition 1458:1470 the nutrition of the future embryo of the miracidium 1458:1509 The low protein composition of mature oocytes associated with the large nutrient content of vitellocytes of C. metoecus enables us to consider that oocytes do not take part of the nutrition of the future embryo of the miracidium. 27845028 3 27 theme organelle 427:435 arg1 content 437:443 organelle content 427:443 organelle content 427:443 The maturation of C. metoecus vitellocytes comprises four different stages depending on organelle content. 27845028 3 28 theme C. 357:358 arg1 vitellocytes 369:380 C. metoecus vitellocytes 357:380 C. metoecus vitellocytes 357:380 The maturation of C. metoecus vitellocytes comprises four different stages depending on organelle content. 27845028 10 29 theme zygotene-pachytene 1152:1169 arg1 stage 1171:1175 the zygotene-pachytene stage 1148:1175 the zygotene-pachytene stage of the first meiotic division recognizable by the presence of synaptonemal complexes in the nucleoplasm 1148:1279 Developing oocytes enter the zygotene-pachytene stage of the first meiotic division recognizable by the presence of synaptonemal complexes in the nucleoplasm. 27845028 12 30 theme polysaccharides 1585:1599 arg1 presence 1573:1580 the presence 1569:1580 the presence of polysaccharides and glycogen during maturation of these two cell types 1569:1654 A cytochemical test (Thiéry method) allowed us to detect the presence of polysaccharides and glycogen during maturation of these two cell types. 27845028 2 31 theme first 287:291 arg1 This 275:278 This 275:278 This 275:278 This is the first study conducted in the Allocreadiidae family. 27845028 2 31 theme first 287:291 arg1 study 293:297 the first study 283:297 the first study conducted in the Allocreadiidae family 283:336 This is the first study conducted in the Allocreadiidae family. 27845028 10 32 theme recognizable 1207:1218 arg1 stage 1171:1175 the zygotene-pachytene stage 1148:1175 the zygotene-pachytene stage of the first meiotic division recognizable by the presence of synaptonemal complexes in the nucleoplasm 1148:1279 Developing oocytes enter the zygotene-pachytene stage of the first meiotic division recognizable by the presence of synaptonemal complexes in the nucleoplasm. 27845028 3 33 theme metoecus 360:367 arg1 vitellocytes 369:380 C. metoecus vitellocytes 357:380 C. metoecus vitellocytes 357:380 The maturation of C. metoecus vitellocytes comprises four different stages depending on organelle content. 27845028 4 34 theme follicular 450:459 arg1 vitellarium 461:471 The follicular vitellarium 446:471 The follicular vitellarium 446:471 The follicular vitellarium is surrounded by a basal lamina. 27845028 11 35 theme future 1479:1484 arg1 embryo 1486:1491 the future embryo 1475:1491 the future embryo of the miracidium 1475:1509 The low protein composition of mature oocytes associated with the large nutrient content of vitellocytes of C. metoecus enables us to consider that oocytes do not take part of the nutrition of the future embryo of the miracidium. 27845028 8 36 theme nutritive 908:916 arg1 reserves 918:925 nutritive reserves 908:925 nutritive reserves for the developing embryo 908:951 Compared to other trematodes studied, C. metoecus possesses a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell. 27845028 0 37 theme oogenesis 44:52 arg1 parasite 118:125 intestinal parasite 107:125 intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei) 107:161 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae), intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei). 27845028 0 37 theme oogenesis 44:52 arg1 trutta 136:141 Salmo trutta 130:141 Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei) 130:161 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae), intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei). 27845028 0 37 theme oogenesis 44:52 arg1 study 16:20 Ultrastructural study 0:20 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae) 0:104 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae), intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei). 27845028 0 38 theme trutta 136:141 arg1 parasite 118:125 intestinal parasite 107:125 intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei) 107:161 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae), intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei). 27845028 0 38 theme trutta 136:141 arg1 trutta 136:141 Salmo trutta 130:141 Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei) 130:161 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae), intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei). 27845028 0 38 theme trutta 136:141 arg1 study 16:20 Ultrastructural study 0:20 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae) 0:104 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae), intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei). 27845028 12 39 theme cytochemical 1514:1525 arg1 test 1527:1530 A cytochemical test 1512:1530 A cytochemical test (Thiéry method) 1512:1546 A cytochemical test (Thiéry method) allowed us to detect the presence of polysaccharides and glycogen during maturation of these two cell types. 27845028 12 39 theme cytochemical 1514:1525 arg1 method 1540:1545 Thiéry method 1533:1545 Thiéry method 1533:1545 A cytochemical test (Thiéry method) allowed us to detect the presence of polysaccharides and glycogen during maturation of these two cell types. 27845028 0 40 dep Crepidostomum 57:69 arg1 metoecus 71:78 Crepidostomum metoecus 57:78 Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae) 57:104 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae), intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei). 27845028 8 41 theme developing 935:944 arg1 embryo 946:951 the developing embryo 931:951 the developing embryo 931:951 Compared to other trematodes studied, C. metoecus possesses a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell. 27845028 9 42 theme mature 1107:1112 arg1 stages 1049:1054 four stages 1044:1054 four stages 1044:1054 Oocyte maturation takes place in four stages: oogonia, primary oocytes, developing oocytes, and mature oocytes. 27845028 9 42 theme mature 1107:1112 arg1 oocytes 1114:1120 mature oocytes 1107:1120 mature oocytes 1107:1120 Oocyte maturation takes place in four stages: oogonia, primary oocytes, developing oocytes, and mature oocytes. 27845028 7 43 theme globule 812:818 arg1 clusters 820:827 shell globule clusters 806:827 shell globule clusters 806:827 Fully mature vitellocytes are filled with β-glycogen particles and shell globule clusters. 27845028 0 44 theme Salmo 130:134 arg1 Pisces 144:149 Pisces 144:149 Pisces 144:149 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae), intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei). 27845028 0 44 theme Salmo 130:134 arg1 trutta 136:141 Salmo trutta 130:141 Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei) 130:161 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae), intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei). 27845028 12 45 theme Thiéry 1533:1538 arg1 test 1527:1530 A cytochemical test 1512:1530 A cytochemical test (Thiéry method) 1512:1546 A cytochemical test (Thiéry method) allowed us to detect the presence of polysaccharides and glycogen during maturation of these two cell types. 27845028 12 45 theme Thiéry 1533:1538 arg1 method 1540:1545 Thiéry method 1533:1545 Thiéry method 1533:1545 A cytochemical test (Thiéry method) allowed us to detect the presence of polysaccharides and glycogen during maturation of these two cell types. 27845028 0 46 theme vitellogenesis 25:38 arg1 parasite 118:125 intestinal parasite 107:125 intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei) 107:161 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae), intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei). 27845028 0 46 theme vitellogenesis 25:38 arg1 trutta 136:141 Salmo trutta 130:141 Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei) 130:161 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae), intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei). 27845028 0 46 theme vitellogenesis 25:38 arg1 study 16:20 Ultrastructural study 0:20 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae) 0:104 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae), intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei). 27845028 8 47 theme high 957:960 arg1 quantities 962:971 high quantities 957:971 high quantities of material for the developing shell 957:1008 Compared to other trematodes studied, C. metoecus possesses a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell. 27845028 0 48 theme Crepidostomum 57:69 arg1 oogenesis 44:52 oogenesis 44:52 oogenesis 44:52 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae), intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei). 27845028 0 48 theme Crepidostomum 57:69 arg1 vitellogenesis 25:38 vitellogenesis 25:38 vitellogenesis 25:38 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae), intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei). 27845028 10 49 theme first 1184:1188 arg1 division 1198:1205 the first meiotic division 1180:1205 the first meiotic division 1180:1205 Developing oocytes enter the zygotene-pachytene stage of the first meiotic division recognizable by the presence of synaptonemal complexes in the nucleoplasm. 27845028 11 50 theme protein 1290:1296 arg1 composition 1298:1308 The low protein composition 1282:1308 The low protein composition of mature oocytes associated with the large nutrient content of vitellocytes of C. metoecus 1282:1400 The low protein composition of mature oocytes associated with the large nutrient content of vitellocytes of C. metoecus enables us to consider that oocytes do not take part of the nutrition of the future embryo of the miracidium. 27845028 8 51 contain possesses 880:888 arg2 amount 898:903 a large amount 890:903 a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell 890:1008 Compared to other trematodes studied, C. metoecus possesses a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell. 27845028 8 51 contain possesses 880:888 arg2 reserves 918:925 nutritive reserves 908:925 nutritive reserves for the developing embryo 908:951 Compared to other trematodes studied, C. metoecus possesses a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell. 27845028 8 51 contain possesses 880:888 arg1 metoecus 871:878 C. metoecus 868:878 C. metoecus 868:878 Compared to other trematodes studied, C. metoecus possesses a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell. 27845028 8 51 contain possesses 880:888 arg2 quantities 962:971 high quantities 957:971 high quantities of material for the developing shell 957:1008 Compared to other trematodes studied, C. metoecus possesses a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell. 27845028 3 52 theme different 397:405 arg1 stages 407:412 four different stages 392:412 four different stages 392:412 The maturation of C. metoecus vitellocytes comprises four different stages depending on organelle content. 27845028 12 53 theme glycogen 1605:1612 arg1 presence 1573:1580 the presence 1569:1580 the presence of polysaccharides and glycogen during maturation of these two cell types 1569:1654 A cytochemical test (Thiéry method) allowed us to detect the presence of polysaccharides and glycogen during maturation of these two cell types. 27845028 10 54 from presence 1227:1234 arg1 nucleoplasm 1269:1279 the nucleoplasm 1265:1279 the nucleoplasm 1265:1279 Developing oocytes enter the zygotene-pachytene stage of the first meiotic division recognizable by the presence of synaptonemal complexes in the nucleoplasm. 27845028 11 55 theme nutrient 1354:1361 arg1 content 1363:1369 the large nutrient content 1344:1369 the large nutrient content of vitellocytes of C. metoecus 1344:1400 The low protein composition of mature oocytes associated with the large nutrient content of vitellocytes of C. metoecus enables us to consider that oocytes do not take part of the nutrition of the future embryo of the miracidium. 27845028 2 56 theme Allocreadiidae 316:329 arg1 family 331:336 the Allocreadiidae family 312:336 the Allocreadiidae family 312:336 This is the first study conducted in the Allocreadiidae family. 27845028 6 57 theme nucleo-cytoplasmic 665:682 arg1 ratio 684:688 the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio 661:688 the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio 661:688 During maturation, the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio decreases, whereas synthetic activity increases. 27845028 7 58 theme shell 806:810 arg1 clusters 820:827 shell globule clusters 806:827 shell globule clusters 806:827 Fully mature vitellocytes are filled with β-glycogen particles and shell globule clusters. 27845028 8 59 theme quantities 962:971 arg1 quantities 962:971 high quantities 957:971 high quantities of material for the developing shell 957:1008 Compared to other trematodes studied, C. metoecus possesses a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell. 27845028 8 59 theme quantities 962:971 arg1 amount 898:903 a large amount 890:903 a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell 890:1008 Compared to other trematodes studied, C. metoecus possesses a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell. 27845028 8 59 theme quantities 962:971 arg1 reserves 918:925 nutritive reserves 908:925 nutritive reserves for the developing embryo 908:951 Compared to other trematodes studied, C. metoecus possesses a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell. 27845028 0 60 dep Pisces 144:149 arg1 Teleostei 152:160 Teleostei 152:160 Teleostei 152:160 Ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus (Digenea, Allocreadiidae), intestinal parasite of Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei). 27845028 7 61 theme β-glycogen 781:790 arg1 particles 792:800 β-glycogen particles 781:800 β-glycogen particles 781:800 Fully mature vitellocytes are filled with β-glycogen particles and shell globule clusters. 27845028 11 62 theme vitellocytes 1374:1385 arg1 content 1363:1369 the large nutrient content 1344:1369 the large nutrient content of vitellocytes of C. metoecus 1344:1400 The low protein composition of mature oocytes associated with the large nutrient content of vitellocytes of C. metoecus enables us to consider that oocytes do not take part of the nutrition of the future embryo of the miracidium. 27845028 12 63 theme types 1650:1654 arg1 maturation 1621:1630 maturation 1621:1630 maturation of these two cell types 1621:1654 A cytochemical test (Thiéry method) allowed us to detect the presence of polysaccharides and glycogen during maturation of these two cell types. 27845028 10 64 theme complexes 1252:1260 arg1 presence 1227:1234 the presence 1223:1234 the presence of synaptonemal complexes in the nucleoplasm 1223:1279 Developing oocytes enter the zygotene-pachytene stage of the first meiotic division recognizable by the presence of synaptonemal complexes in the nucleoplasm. 27845028 8 65 theme material 976:983 arg1 quantities 962:971 high quantities 957:971 high quantities of material for the developing shell 957:1008 Compared to other trematodes studied, C. metoecus possesses a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell. 27845028 8 65 theme material 976:983 arg1 reserves 918:925 nutritive reserves 908:925 nutritive reserves for the developing embryo 908:951 Compared to other trematodes studied, C. metoecus possesses a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell. 27845028 11 66 theme miracidium 1500:1509 arg1 embryo 1486:1491 the future embryo 1475:1491 the future embryo of the miracidium 1475:1509 The low protein composition of mature oocytes associated with the large nutrient content of vitellocytes of C. metoecus enables us to consider that oocytes do not take part of the nutrition of the future embryo of the miracidium. 27845028 1 67 theme metoecus 226:233 arg1 vitellogenesis 180:193 vitellogenesis 180:193 vitellogenesis 180:193 We describe the vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus from Salmo trutta collected in Corsica. 27845028 1 67 theme metoecus 226:233 arg1 oogenesis 199:207 oogenesis 199:207 oogenesis 199:207 We describe the vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus from Salmo trutta collected in Corsica. 27845028 5 68 located found 605:609 arg1 center 618:623 the center 614:623 the center of the follicle 614:639 Vitellocytes are randomly distributed into the vitellarium, although fully mature vitellocytes are found in the center of the follicle. 27845028 5 68 located found 605:609 arg2 vitellocytes 588:599 fully mature vitellocytes 575:599 fully mature vitellocytes 575:599 Vitellocytes are randomly distributed into the vitellarium, although fully mature vitellocytes are found in the center of the follicle. 27845028 1 69 dep vitellogenesis 180:193 arg1 the 176:178 the 176:178 the 176:178 We describe the vitellogenesis and oogenesis of Crepidostomum metoecus from Salmo trutta collected in Corsica. 27845028 8 70 theme developing 993:1002 arg1 shell 1004:1008 the developing shell 989:1008 the developing shell 989:1008 Compared to other trematodes studied, C. metoecus possesses a large amount of nutritive reserves for the developing embryo and high quantities of material for the developing shell. 27845028 3 71 theme vitellocytes 369:380 arg1 maturation 343:352 The maturation 339:352 The maturation of C. metoecus vitellocytes 339:380 The maturation of C. metoecus vitellocytes comprises four different stages depending on organelle content. 27845028 9 72 theme primary 1066:1072 arg1 oocytes 1074:1080 primary oocytes 1066:1080 primary oocytes 1066:1080 Oocyte maturation takes place in four stages: oogonia, primary oocytes, developing oocytes, and mature oocytes. 27845028 9 72 theme primary 1066:1072 arg1 stages 1049:1054 four stages 1044:1054 four stages 1044:1054 Oocyte maturation takes place in four stages: oogonia, primary oocytes, developing oocytes, and mature oocytes. 27845028 10 73 theme division 1198:1205 arg1 stage 1171:1175 the zygotene-pachytene stage 1148:1175 the zygotene-pachytene stage of the first meiotic division recognizable by the presence of synaptonemal complexes in the nucleoplasm 1148:1279 Developing oocytes enter the zygotene-pachytene stage of the first meiotic division recognizable by the presence of synaptonemal complexes in the nucleoplasm. 26696991 4 0 theme scanning 551:558 arg1 microscopy 569:578 scanning electron microscopy 551:578 scanning electron microscopy 551:578 Biofilm structure and its matrix composition were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 26696991 4 1 theme matrix 476:481 arg1 composition 483:493 its matrix composition 472:493 its matrix composition 472:493 Biofilm structure and its matrix composition were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 26696991 2 2 dep unexplored 252:261 arg1 depite 263:268 depite 263:268 remains unexplored depite the fact that it might be linked to pathogenicity 244:318 V. tapetis biofilm formation remains unexplored depite the fact that it might be linked to pathogenicity. 26696991 5 3 dep h. 650:651 arg1 distributed 732:742 distributed 732:742 were differently distributed depending on the V. tapetis strains 715:778 V. tapetis was able to form biofilms on a glass substratum within 24 h. Polysaccharides and extracellular DNA of the biofilm matrixes were differently distributed depending on the V. tapetis strains. 26696991 5 4 theme glass 623:627 arg1 substratum 629:638 a glass substratum 621:638 a glass substratum 621:638 V. tapetis was able to form biofilms on a glass substratum within 24 h. Polysaccharides and extracellular DNA of the biofilm matrixes were differently distributed depending on the V. tapetis strains. 26696991 5 5 theme V. 581:582 arg1 tapetis 584:590 V. tapetis 581:590 V. tapetis 581:590 V. tapetis was able to form biofilms on a glass substratum within 24 h. Polysaccharides and extracellular DNA of the biofilm matrixes were differently distributed depending on the V. tapetis strains. 26696991 5 6 theme biofilm 698:704 arg1 matrixes 706:713 the biofilm matrixes 694:713 the biofilm matrixes 694:713 V. tapetis was able to form biofilms on a glass substratum within 24 h. Polysaccharides and extracellular DNA of the biofilm matrixes were differently distributed depending on the V. tapetis strains. 26696991 2 7 attach linked 296:301 arg2 it 284:285 it 284:285 it 284:285 V. tapetis biofilm formation remains unexplored depite the fact that it might be linked to pathogenicity. 26696991 2 7 attach linked 296:301 arg1 pathogenicity 306:318 pathogenicity 306:318 pathogenicity 306:318 V. tapetis biofilm formation remains unexplored depite the fact that it might be linked to pathogenicity. 26696991 6 8 theme Spherical 781:789 arg1 components 791:800 Spherical components 781:800 Spherical components of about 1-2 μm diameter 781:825 Spherical components of about 1-2 μm diameter were found at the biofilm surface. 26696991 4 9 theme electron 560:567 arg1 microscopy 569:578 scanning electron microscopy 551:578 scanning electron microscopy 551:578 Biofilm structure and its matrix composition were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 26696991 5 10 theme matrixes 706:713 arg1 Polysaccharides 653:667 Polysaccharides 653:667 Polysaccharides 653:667 V. tapetis was able to form biofilms on a glass substratum within 24 h. Polysaccharides and extracellular DNA of the biofilm matrixes were differently distributed depending on the V. tapetis strains. 26696991 5 10 theme matrixes 706:713 arg1 DNA 687:689 extracellular DNA 673:689 extracellular DNA 673:689 V. tapetis was able to form biofilms on a glass substratum within 24 h. Polysaccharides and extracellular DNA of the biofilm matrixes were differently distributed depending on the V. tapetis strains. 26696991 3 11 dep in 361:362 arg1 vitro 364:368 vitro 364:368 vitro 364:368 Our objectives were to characterize the in vitro biofilm formation of V. tapetis and evaluate the effects of culture conditions. 26696991 1 12 theme Brown 146:150 arg1 Disease 157:163 Brown Ring Disease 146:163 Brown Ring Disease (BRD) 146:169 Vibrio tapetis is a marine bacterium causing Brown Ring Disease (BRD) in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. 26696991 1 12 theme Brown 146:150 arg1 BRD 166:168 BRD 166:168 BRD 166:168 Vibrio tapetis is a marine bacterium causing Brown Ring Disease (BRD) in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. 26696991 0 13 theme Spherical 79:87 arg1 Components 89:98 Spherical Components 79:98 Spherical Components 79:98 Vibrio tapetis, the Causative Agent of Brown Ring Disease, Forms Biofilms with Spherical Components. 26696991 4 14 theme Biofilm 450:456 arg1 structure 458:466 Biofilm structure 450:466 Biofilm structure 450:466 Biofilm structure and its matrix composition were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 26696991 7 15 contain contain 867:873 arg2 DNA 875:877 DNA 875:877 DNA 875:877 They contain DNA, proteins, and seemed to be physically linked to bacteria and of cellular nature. 26696991 7 15 contain contain 867:873 arg1 They 862:865 They 862:865 They 862:865 They contain DNA, proteins, and seemed to be physically linked to bacteria and of cellular nature. 26696991 1 16 theme Ring 152:155 arg1 Disease 157:163 Brown Ring Disease 146:163 Brown Ring Disease (BRD) 146:169 Vibrio tapetis is a marine bacterium causing Brown Ring Disease (BRD) in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. 26696991 1 16 theme Ring 152:155 arg1 BRD 166:168 BRD 166:168 BRD 166:168 Vibrio tapetis is a marine bacterium causing Brown Ring Disease (BRD) in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. 26696991 6 17 theme biofilm 845:851 arg1 surface 853:859 the biofilm surface 841:859 the biofilm surface 841:859 Spherical components of about 1-2 μm diameter were found at the biofilm surface. 26696991 10 18 theme BRD 1332:1334 arg1 symptoms 1336:1343 BRD symptoms 1332:1343 BRD symptoms 1332:1343 We suggest therefore that biofilm formation could play a role in the persistence of the pathogen in clam than in BRD symptoms. 26696991 6 19 dep μm 815:816 arg1 1-2 811:813 1-2 811:813 1-2 811:813 Spherical components of about 1-2 μm diameter were found at the biofilm surface. 26696991 0 20 theme Vibrio 0:5 arg1 Agent 30:34 the Causative Agent 16:34 the Causative Agent of Brown Ring Disease 16:56 Vibrio tapetis, the Causative Agent of Brown Ring Disease, Forms Biofilms with Spherical Components. 26696991 0 20 theme Vibrio 0:5 arg1 tapetis 7:13 Vibrio tapetis 0:13 Vibrio tapetis 0:13 Vibrio tapetis, the Causative Agent of Brown Ring Disease, Forms Biofilms with Spherical Components. 26696991 4 21 theme laser 521:525 arg1 microscopy 536:545 confocal laser scanning microscopy 512:545 confocal laser scanning microscopy 512:545 Biofilm structure and its matrix composition were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 26696991 5 22 dep V. 761:762 arg1 tapetis 764:770 tapetis 764:770 tapetis 764:770 V. tapetis was able to form biofilms on a glass substratum within 24 h. Polysaccharides and extracellular DNA of the biofilm matrixes were differently distributed depending on the V. tapetis strains. 26696991 8 23 theme electron 974:981 arg1 microscopy 983:992 Transmission electron microscopy 961:992 Transmission electron microscopy 961:992 Transmission electron microscopy showed that the spherical components were devoid of internal compartments. 26696991 3 24 theme V. 391:392 arg1 tapetis 394:400 V. tapetis 391:400 V. tapetis 391:400 Our objectives were to characterize the in vitro biofilm formation of V. tapetis and evaluate the effects of culture conditions. 26696991 4 25 theme confocal 512:519 arg1 microscopy 536:545 confocal laser scanning microscopy 512:545 confocal laser scanning microscopy 512:545 Biofilm structure and its matrix composition were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 26696991 8 26 theme internal 1046:1053 arg1 compartments 1055:1066 internal compartments 1046:1066 internal compartments 1046:1066 Transmission electron microscopy showed that the spherical components were devoid of internal compartments. 26696991 8 27 theme Transmission 961:972 arg1 microscopy 983:992 Transmission electron microscopy 961:992 Transmission electron microscopy 961:992 Transmission electron microscopy showed that the spherical components were devoid of internal compartments. 26696991 10 28 theme biofilm 1245:1251 arg1 formation 1253:1261 biofilm formation 1245:1261 biofilm formation 1245:1261 We suggest therefore that biofilm formation could play a role in the persistence of the pathogen in clam than in BRD symptoms. 26696991 9 29 theme conditions 1153:1162 arg1 none 1136:1139 none 1136:1139 none of the both conditions 1136:1162 Temperatures >21°C inhibit BRD whereas low salinity (2%) favor it, none of the both conditions altered V. tapetis' ability to form biofilms in vitro. 26696991 6 30 dep diameter 818:825 arg1 μm 815:816 μm 815:816 μm 815:816 Spherical components of about 1-2 μm diameter were found at the biofilm surface. 26696991 5 31 theme extracellular 673:685 arg1 DNA 687:689 extracellular DNA 673:689 extracellular DNA 673:689 V. tapetis was able to form biofilms on a glass substratum within 24 h. Polysaccharides and extracellular DNA of the biofilm matrixes were differently distributed depending on the V. tapetis strains. 26696991 9 32 theme V. 1172:1173 arg1 ability 1184:1190 V. tapetis' ability 1172:1190 V. tapetis' ability to form biofilms in vitro 1172:1216 Temperatures >21°C inhibit BRD whereas low salinity (2%) favor it, none of the both conditions altered V. tapetis' ability to form biofilms in vitro. 26696991 6 33 located found 832:836 arg2 components 791:800 Spherical components 781:800 Spherical components of about 1-2 μm diameter 781:825 Spherical components of about 1-2 μm diameter were found at the biofilm surface. 26696991 6 33 located found 832:836 arg1 surface 853:859 the biofilm surface 841:859 the biofilm surface 841:859 Spherical components of about 1-2 μm diameter were found at the biofilm surface. 26696991 3 34 theme biofilm 370:376 arg1 formation 378:386 the in vitro biofilm formation 357:386 the in vitro biofilm formation of V. tapetis 357:400 Our objectives were to characterize the in vitro biofilm formation of V. tapetis and evaluate the effects of culture conditions. 26696991 4 35 theme scanning 527:534 arg1 microscopy 536:545 confocal laser scanning microscopy 512:545 confocal laser scanning microscopy 512:545 Biofilm structure and its matrix composition were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 26696991 3 36 theme tapetis 394:400 arg1 formation 378:386 the in vitro biofilm formation 357:386 the in vitro biofilm formation of V. tapetis 357:400 Our objectives were to characterize the in vitro biofilm formation of V. tapetis and evaluate the effects of culture conditions. 26696991 0 37 theme Causative 20:28 arg1 Agent 30:34 the Causative Agent 16:34 the Causative Agent of Brown Ring Disease 16:56 Vibrio tapetis, the Causative Agent of Brown Ring Disease, Forms Biofilms with Spherical Components. 26696991 0 37 theme Causative 20:28 arg1 tapetis 7:13 Vibrio tapetis 0:13 Vibrio tapetis 0:13 Vibrio tapetis, the Causative Agent of Brown Ring Disease, Forms Biofilms with Spherical Components. 26696991 1 38 dep Manila 178:183 arg1 philippinarum 200:212 Ruditapes philippinarum 190:212 the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum 174:212 Vibrio tapetis is a marine bacterium causing Brown Ring Disease (BRD) in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. 26696991 10 39 from persistence 1288:1298 arg1 clam 1319:1322 clam 1319:1322 clam than in BRD symptoms 1319:1343 We suggest therefore that biofilm formation could play a role in the persistence of the pathogen in clam than in BRD symptoms. 26696991 3 40 theme in 361:362 arg1 formation 378:386 the in vitro biofilm formation 357:386 the in vitro biofilm formation of V. tapetis 357:400 Our objectives were to characterize the in vitro biofilm formation of V. tapetis and evaluate the effects of culture conditions. 26696991 0 41 theme Ring 45:48 arg1 Disease 50:56 Brown Ring Disease 39:56 Brown Ring Disease 39:56 Vibrio tapetis, the Causative Agent of Brown Ring Disease, Forms Biofilms with Spherical Components. 26696991 9 42 theme low 1108:1110 arg1 salinity 1112:1119 low salinity 1108:1119 low salinity (2%) 1108:1124 Temperatures >21°C inhibit BRD whereas low salinity (2%) favor it, none of the both conditions altered V. tapetis' ability to form biofilms in vitro. 26696991 9 42 theme low 1108:1110 arg1 % 1123:1123 2% 1122:1123 2% 1122:1123 Temperatures >21°C inhibit BRD whereas low salinity (2%) favor it, none of the both conditions altered V. tapetis' ability to form biofilms in vitro. 26696991 7 43 attach linked 918:923 arg1 bacteria 928:935 bacteria 928:935 bacteria 928:935 They contain DNA, proteins, and seemed to be physically linked to bacteria and of cellular nature. 26696991 7 43 attach linked 918:923 arg2 They 862:865 They 862:865 They 862:865 They contain DNA, proteins, and seemed to be physically linked to bacteria and of cellular nature. 26696991 8 44 theme compartments 1055:1066 arg1 components 1020:1029 the spherical components 1006:1029 the spherical components 1006:1029 Transmission electron microscopy showed that the spherical components were devoid of internal compartments. 26696991 8 44 theme compartments 1055:1066 arg1 devoid 1036:1041 devoid 1036:1041 devoid 1036:1041 Transmission electron microscopy showed that the spherical components were devoid of internal compartments. 26696991 6 45 theme diameter 818:825 arg1 components 791:800 Spherical components 781:800 Spherical components of about 1-2 μm diameter 781:825 Spherical components of about 1-2 μm diameter were found at the biofilm surface. 26696991 8 46 theme spherical 1010:1018 arg1 components 1020:1029 the spherical components 1006:1029 the spherical components 1006:1029 Transmission electron microscopy showed that the spherical components were devoid of internal compartments. 26696991 8 46 theme spherical 1010:1018 arg1 devoid 1036:1041 devoid 1036:1041 devoid 1036:1041 Transmission electron microscopy showed that the spherical components were devoid of internal compartments. 26696991 1 47 theme Vibrio 101:106 arg1 tapetis 108:114 Vibrio tapetis 101:114 Vibrio tapetis 101:114 Vibrio tapetis is a marine bacterium causing Brown Ring Disease (BRD) in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. 26696991 1 47 theme Vibrio 101:106 arg1 bacterium 128:136 a marine bacterium 119:136 a marine bacterium causing Brown Ring Disease (BRD) in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum 119:212 Vibrio tapetis is a marine bacterium causing Brown Ring Disease (BRD) in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. 26696991 2 48 theme biofilm 226:232 arg1 formation 234:242 V. tapetis biofilm formation 215:242 V. tapetis biofilm formation 215:242 V. tapetis biofilm formation remains unexplored depite the fact that it might be linked to pathogenicity. 26696991 3 49 theme culture 430:436 arg1 conditions 438:447 culture conditions 430:447 culture conditions 430:447 Our objectives were to characterize the in vitro biofilm formation of V. tapetis and evaluate the effects of culture conditions. 26696991 5 50 from biofilms 609:616 arg1 substratum 629:638 a glass substratum 621:638 a glass substratum 621:638 V. tapetis was able to form biofilms on a glass substratum within 24 h. Polysaccharides and extracellular DNA of the biofilm matrixes were differently distributed depending on the V. tapetis strains. 26696991 2 51 theme tapetis 218:224 arg1 formation 234:242 V. tapetis biofilm formation 215:242 V. tapetis biofilm formation 215:242 V. tapetis biofilm formation remains unexplored depite the fact that it might be linked to pathogenicity. 26696991 3 52 theme conditions 438:447 arg1 effects 419:425 the effects 415:425 the effects of culture conditions 415:447 Our objectives were to characterize the in vitro biofilm formation of V. tapetis and evaluate the effects of culture conditions. 26696991 10 53 from clam 1319:1322 arg1 symptoms 1336:1343 BRD symptoms 1332:1343 BRD symptoms 1332:1343 We suggest therefore that biofilm formation could play a role in the persistence of the pathogen in clam than in BRD symptoms. 26696991 0 54 theme Disease 50:56 arg1 Agent 30:34 the Causative Agent 16:34 the Causative Agent of Brown Ring Disease 16:56 Vibrio tapetis, the Causative Agent of Brown Ring Disease, Forms Biofilms with Spherical Components. 26696991 0 54 theme Disease 50:56 arg1 tapetis 7:13 Vibrio tapetis 0:13 Vibrio tapetis 0:13 Vibrio tapetis, the Causative Agent of Brown Ring Disease, Forms Biofilms with Spherical Components. 26696991 2 55 theme V. 215:216 arg1 formation 234:242 V. tapetis biofilm formation 215:242 V. tapetis biofilm formation 215:242 V. tapetis biofilm formation remains unexplored depite the fact that it might be linked to pathogenicity. 26696991 7 56 theme cellular 944:951 arg1 nature 953:958 cellular nature 944:958 cellular nature 944:958 They contain DNA, proteins, and seemed to be physically linked to bacteria and of cellular nature. 26696991 10 57 theme pathogen 1307:1314 arg1 persistence 1288:1298 the persistence 1284:1298 the persistence of the pathogen in clam than in BRD symptoms 1284:1343 We suggest therefore that biofilm formation could play a role in the persistence of the pathogen in clam than in BRD symptoms. 26696991 0 58 theme Brown 39:43 arg1 Disease 50:56 Brown Ring Disease 39:56 Brown Ring Disease 39:56 Vibrio tapetis, the Causative Agent of Brown Ring Disease, Forms Biofilms with Spherical Components. 26696991 5 59 theme V. 761:762 arg1 strains 772:778 the V. tapetis strains 757:778 the V. tapetis strains 757:778 V. tapetis was able to form biofilms on a glass substratum within 24 h. Polysaccharides and extracellular DNA of the biofilm matrixes were differently distributed depending on the V. tapetis strains. 26696991 1 60 theme marine 121:126 arg1 tapetis 108:114 Vibrio tapetis 101:114 Vibrio tapetis 101:114 Vibrio tapetis is a marine bacterium causing Brown Ring Disease (BRD) in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. 26696991 1 60 theme marine 121:126 arg1 bacterium 128:136 a marine bacterium 119:136 a marine bacterium causing Brown Ring Disease (BRD) in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum 119:212 Vibrio tapetis is a marine bacterium causing Brown Ring Disease (BRD) in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. 27711121 3 0 theme Tannerella 339:348 arg1 anaerobe 384:391 a gram-negative oral anaerobe 363:391 a gram-negative oral anaerobe that contributes to the development of periodontitis 363:444 Tannerella forsythia is a gram-negative oral anaerobe that contributes to the development of periodontitis. 27711121 3 0 theme Tannerella 339:348 arg1 forsythia 350:358 Tannerella forsythia 339:358 Tannerella forsythia 339:358 Tannerella forsythia is a gram-negative oral anaerobe that contributes to the development of periodontitis. 27711121 13 1 theme specific 1796:1803 arg1 lectins 1805:1811 specific lectins 1796:1811 specific lectins 1796:1811 Our findings indicate that OmpA-like protein of T. forsythia contains O-linked sugar chains that can mediate interactions with specific lectins. 27711121 5 2 theme germ 571:574 arg1 agglutinin 576:585 wheat germ agglutinin 565:585 wheat germ agglutinin 565:585 We performed affinity chromatography of wheat germ agglutinin, which binds to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid (Sia), and identified OmpA-like protein as the glycoprotein that has the highest affinity. 27711121 7 3 theme OmpA-like 875:883 arg1 protein 885:891 OmpA-like protein 875:891 OmpA-like protein 875:891 Fluorometry quantitatively showed that OmpA-like protein contains Sia. 27711121 1 4 theme physiological 171:183 arg1 functions 200:208 physiological and pathogenic functions 171:208 physiological and pathogenic functions of bacteria 171:220 Bacterial glycoproteins are associated with physiological and pathogenic functions of bacteria. 27711121 10 5 theme protein 1255:1261 arg1 binding 1234:1240 the binding 1230:1240 the binding of OmpA-like protein to all of these lectins 1230:1285 N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), which is the most abundant Sia, inhibited the binding of OmpA-like protein to all of these lectins, whereas GlcNAc and mannose only inhibited the binding to DC-SIGN. 27711121 0 6 theme Binding 96:102 arg1 Capability 104:113 Its Binding Capability 92:113 Its Binding Capability to Lectins 92:124 Identification of OmpA-Like Protein of Tannerella forsythia as an O-Linked Glycoprotein and Its Binding Capability to Lectins. 27711121 5 7 theme OmpA-like 670:678 arg1 glycoprotein 695:706 the glycoprotein 691:706 the glycoprotein that has the highest affinity 691:736 We performed affinity chromatography of wheat germ agglutinin, which binds to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid (Sia), and identified OmpA-like protein as the glycoprotein that has the highest affinity. 27711121 5 7 theme OmpA-like 670:678 arg1 protein 680:686 OmpA-like protein 670:686 OmpA-like protein 670:686 We performed affinity chromatography of wheat germ agglutinin, which binds to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid (Sia), and identified OmpA-like protein as the glycoprotein that has the highest affinity. 27711121 11 8 theme NeuAc 1522:1526 arg1 addition 1510:1517 addition 1510:1517 addition of NeuAc 1510:1526 We further found that T. forsythia adhered to human oral epithelial cells, which express E-selectin and P-selectin, and that this adhesion was inhibited by addition of NeuAc. 27711121 8 9 theme OmpA-like 907:915 arg1 protein 917:923 OmpA-like protein 907:923 OmpA-like protein 907:923 OmpA-like protein was found to bind to lectins including E-selectin, P-selectin, L-selectin, Siglec-5, Siglec-9, Siglec-10, and DC-SIGN. 27711121 10 10 theme abundant 1206:1213 arg1 Sia 1215:1217 the most abundant Sia 1197:1217 the most abundant Sia 1197:1217 N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), which is the most abundant Sia, inhibited the binding of OmpA-like protein to all of these lectins, whereas GlcNAc and mannose only inhibited the binding to DC-SIGN. 27711121 10 10 theme abundant 1206:1213 arg1 acid 1174:1177 N-acetylneuraminic acid 1155:1177 N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) 1155:1185 N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), which is the most abundant Sia, inhibited the binding of OmpA-like protein to all of these lectins, whereas GlcNAc and mannose only inhibited the binding to DC-SIGN. 27711121 11 11 theme human 1400:1404 arg1 cells 1422:1426 human oral epithelial cells 1400:1426 human oral epithelial cells 1400:1426 We further found that T. forsythia adhered to human oral epithelial cells, which express E-selectin and P-selectin, and that this adhesion was inhibited by addition of NeuAc. 27711121 14 12 theme cells 1906:1910 arg1 surface 1890:1896 the surface 1886:1896 the surface of host cells 1886:1910 This interaction is suggested to facilitate adhesion of T. forsythia to the surface of host cells. 27711121 5 13 theme sialic 636:641 arg1 Sia 649:651 Sia 649:651 Sia 649:651 We performed affinity chromatography of wheat germ agglutinin, which binds to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid (Sia), and identified OmpA-like protein as the glycoprotein that has the highest affinity. 27711121 5 13 theme sialic 636:641 arg1 acid 643:646 sialic acid 636:646 sialic acid (Sia) 636:652 We performed affinity chromatography of wheat germ agglutinin, which binds to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid (Sia), and identified OmpA-like protein as the glycoprotein that has the highest affinity. 27711121 2 14 theme lectins 306:312 arg1 classes 295:301 specific classes 286:301 specific classes of lectins expressed on host cells 286:336 It remains unclear whether bacterial glycoproteins can bind to specific classes of lectins expressed on host cells. 27711121 11 15 theme epithelial 1411:1420 arg1 cells 1422:1426 human oral epithelial cells 1400:1426 human oral epithelial cells 1400:1426 We further found that T. forsythia adhered to human oral epithelial cells, which express E-selectin and P-selectin, and that this adhesion was inhibited by addition of NeuAc. 27711121 3 16 theme gram-negative 365:377 arg1 anaerobe 384:391 a gram-negative oral anaerobe 363:391 a gram-negative oral anaerobe that contributes to the development of periodontitis 363:444 Tannerella forsythia is a gram-negative oral anaerobe that contributes to the development of periodontitis. 27711121 3 16 theme gram-negative 365:377 arg1 forsythia 350:358 Tannerella forsythia 339:358 Tannerella forsythia 339:358 Tannerella forsythia is a gram-negative oral anaerobe that contributes to the development of periodontitis. 27711121 13 17 contain contains 1730:1737 arg2 chains 1754:1759 O-linked sugar chains 1739:1759 O-linked sugar chains that can mediate interactions with specific lectins 1739:1811 Our findings indicate that OmpA-like protein of T. forsythia contains O-linked sugar chains that can mediate interactions with specific lectins. 27711121 13 17 contain contains 1730:1737 arg1 protein 1706:1712 OmpA-like protein 1696:1712 OmpA-like protein of T. forsythia 1696:1728 Our findings indicate that OmpA-like protein of T. forsythia contains O-linked sugar chains that can mediate interactions with specific lectins. 27711121 6 18 dep O-type 798:803 arg1 N-acetylhexosamine 805:822 N-acetylhexosamine 805:822 N-acetylhexosamine 805:822 Mass spectrometry revealed that OmpA-like protein contains O-type N-acetylhexosamine and hexose. 27711121 14 19 theme host 1901:1904 arg1 cells 1906:1910 host cells 1901:1910 host cells 1901:1910 This interaction is suggested to facilitate adhesion of T. forsythia to the surface of host cells. 27711121 3 20 theme oral 379:382 arg1 anaerobe 384:391 a gram-negative oral anaerobe 363:391 a gram-negative oral anaerobe that contributes to the development of periodontitis 363:444 Tannerella forsythia is a gram-negative oral anaerobe that contributes to the development of periodontitis. 27711121 3 20 theme oral 379:382 arg1 forsythia 350:358 Tannerella forsythia 339:358 Tannerella forsythia 339:358 Tannerella forsythia is a gram-negative oral anaerobe that contributes to the development of periodontitis. 27711121 13 21 theme OmpA-like 1696:1704 arg1 protein 1706:1712 OmpA-like protein 1696:1712 OmpA-like protein of T. forsythia 1696:1728 Our findings indicate that OmpA-like protein of T. forsythia contains O-linked sugar chains that can mediate interactions with specific lectins. 27711121 11 22 theme oral 1406:1409 arg1 cells 1422:1426 human oral epithelial cells 1400:1426 human oral epithelial cells 1400:1426 We further found that T. forsythia adhered to human oral epithelial cells, which express E-selectin and P-selectin, and that this adhesion was inhibited by addition of NeuAc. 27711121 1 23 theme pathogenic 189:198 arg1 functions 200:208 physiological and pathogenic functions 171:208 physiological and pathogenic functions of bacteria 171:220 Bacterial glycoproteins are associated with physiological and pathogenic functions of bacteria. 27711121 13 24 theme forsythia 1720:1728 arg1 protein 1706:1712 OmpA-like protein 1696:1712 OmpA-like protein of T. forsythia 1696:1728 Our findings indicate that OmpA-like protein of T. forsythia contains O-linked sugar chains that can mediate interactions with specific lectins. 27711121 4 25 theme T. 511:512 arg1 forsythia 514:522 T. forsythia 511:522 T. forsythia 511:522 In this study, we aimed to find lectin-binding glycoproteins in T. forsythia. 27711121 12 26 theme forsythia 1585:1593 arg1 strain 1595:1600 an OmpA-like protein-deficient T. forsythia strain 1551:1600 an OmpA-like protein-deficient T. forsythia strain 1551:1600 Moreover, adhesion of an OmpA-like protein-deficient T. forsythia strain to the cells was reduced compared to that of the wild-type strain. 27711121 5 27 theme affinity 538:545 arg1 chromatography 547:560 affinity chromatography 538:560 affinity chromatography of wheat germ agglutinin, which binds to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid (Sia), 538:653 We performed affinity chromatography of wheat germ agglutinin, which binds to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid (Sia), and identified OmpA-like protein as the glycoprotein that has the highest affinity. 27711121 5 28 theme highest 721:727 arg1 affinity 729:736 the highest affinity 717:736 the highest affinity 717:736 We performed affinity chromatography of wheat germ agglutinin, which binds to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid (Sia), and identified OmpA-like protein as the glycoprotein that has the highest affinity. 27711121 10 29 theme N-acetylneuraminic 1155:1172 arg1 Sia 1215:1217 the most abundant Sia 1197:1217 the most abundant Sia 1197:1217 N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), which is the most abundant Sia, inhibited the binding of OmpA-like protein to all of these lectins, whereas GlcNAc and mannose only inhibited the binding to DC-SIGN. 27711121 10 29 theme N-acetylneuraminic 1155:1172 arg1 NeuAc 1180:1184 NeuAc 1180:1184 NeuAc 1180:1184 N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), which is the most abundant Sia, inhibited the binding of OmpA-like protein to all of these lectins, whereas GlcNAc and mannose only inhibited the binding to DC-SIGN. 27711121 10 29 theme N-acetylneuraminic 1155:1172 arg1 acid 1174:1177 N-acetylneuraminic acid 1155:1177 N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) 1155:1185 N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), which is the most abundant Sia, inhibited the binding of OmpA-like protein to all of these lectins, whereas GlcNAc and mannose only inhibited the binding to DC-SIGN. 27711121 4 30 from glycoproteins 494:506 arg1 forsythia 514:522 T. forsythia 511:522 T. forsythia 511:522 In this study, we aimed to find lectin-binding glycoproteins in T. forsythia. 27711121 4 31 gly glycoproteins 494:506 arg1 glycoproteins 494:506 lectin-binding glycoproteins 479:506 lectin-binding glycoproteins in T. forsythia 479:522 In this study, we aimed to find lectin-binding glycoproteins in T. forsythia. 27711121 0 32 theme Protein 28:34 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification of OmpA-Like Protein of Tannerella forsythia as an O-Linked Glycoprotein 0:86 Identification of OmpA-Like Protein of Tannerella forsythia as an O-Linked Glycoprotein and Its Binding Capability to Lectins. 27711121 0 32 theme Protein 28:34 arg1 Capability 104:113 Its Binding Capability 92:113 Its Binding Capability to Lectins 92:124 Identification of OmpA-Like Protein of Tannerella forsythia as an O-Linked Glycoprotein and Its Binding Capability to Lectins. 27711121 12 33 theme T. 1582:1583 arg1 strain 1595:1600 an OmpA-like protein-deficient T. forsythia strain 1551:1600 an OmpA-like protein-deficient T. forsythia strain 1551:1600 Moreover, adhesion of an OmpA-like protein-deficient T. forsythia strain to the cells was reduced compared to that of the wild-type strain. 27711121 12 34 theme strain 1595:1600 arg1 adhesion 1539:1546 adhesion 1539:1546 adhesion of an OmpA-like protein-deficient T. forsythia strain to the cells 1539:1613 Moreover, adhesion of an OmpA-like protein-deficient T. forsythia strain to the cells was reduced compared to that of the wild-type strain. 27711121 2 35 theme host 327:330 arg1 cells 332:336 host cells 327:336 host cells 327:336 It remains unclear whether bacterial glycoproteins can bind to specific classes of lectins expressed on host cells. 27711121 1 36 theme bacteria 213:220 arg1 functions 200:208 physiological and pathogenic functions 171:208 physiological and pathogenic functions of bacteria 171:220 Bacterial glycoproteins are associated with physiological and pathogenic functions of bacteria. 27711121 0 37 theme OmpA-Like 18:26 arg1 Protein 28:34 OmpA-Like Protein 18:34 OmpA-Like Protein of Tannerella forsythia as an O-Linked Glycoprotein 18:86 Identification of OmpA-Like Protein of Tannerella forsythia as an O-Linked Glycoprotein and Its Binding Capability to Lectins. 27711121 5 38 gly glycoprotein 695:706 arg1 glycoprotein 695:706 the glycoprotein 691:706 the glycoprotein that has the highest affinity 691:736 We performed affinity chromatography of wheat germ agglutinin, which binds to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid (Sia), and identified OmpA-like protein as the glycoprotein that has the highest affinity. 27711121 5 38 gly glycoprotein 695:706 arg1 protein 680:686 OmpA-like protein 670:686 OmpA-like protein 670:686 We performed affinity chromatography of wheat germ agglutinin, which binds to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid (Sia), and identified OmpA-like protein as the glycoprotein that has the highest affinity. 27711121 14 39 theme forsythia 1873:1881 arg1 adhesion 1858:1865 adhesion 1858:1865 adhesion of T. forsythia to the surface of host cells 1858:1910 This interaction is suggested to facilitate adhesion of T. forsythia to the surface of host cells. 27711121 0 40 theme Tannerella 39:48 arg1 forsythia 50:58 Tannerella forsythia 39:58 Tannerella forsythia 39:58 Identification of OmpA-Like Protein of Tannerella forsythia as an O-Linked Glycoprotein and Its Binding Capability to Lectins. 27711121 5 41 contain has 713:715 arg1 glycoprotein 695:706 the glycoprotein 691:706 the glycoprotein that has the highest affinity 691:736 We performed affinity chromatography of wheat germ agglutinin, which binds to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid (Sia), and identified OmpA-like protein as the glycoprotein that has the highest affinity. 27711121 5 41 contain has 713:715 arg2 affinity 729:736 the highest affinity 717:736 the highest affinity 717:736 We performed affinity chromatography of wheat germ agglutinin, which binds to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid (Sia), and identified OmpA-like protein as the glycoprotein that has the highest affinity. 27711121 5 41 contain has 713:715 arg1 protein 680:686 OmpA-like protein 670:686 OmpA-like protein 670:686 We performed affinity chromatography of wheat germ agglutinin, which binds to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid (Sia), and identified OmpA-like protein as the glycoprotein that has the highest affinity. 27711121 1 42 gly glycoproteins 137:149 arg1 glycoproteins 137:149 Bacterial glycoproteins 127:149 Bacterial glycoproteins 127:149 Bacterial glycoproteins are associated with physiological and pathogenic functions of bacteria. 27711121 0 43 theme forsythia 50:58 arg1 Protein 28:34 OmpA-Like Protein 18:34 OmpA-Like Protein of Tannerella forsythia as an O-Linked Glycoprotein 18:86 Identification of OmpA-Like Protein of Tannerella forsythia as an O-Linked Glycoprotein and Its Binding Capability to Lectins. 27711121 2 44 gly glycoproteins 260:272 arg1 glycoproteins 260:272 bacterial glycoproteins 250:272 bacterial glycoproteins 250:272 It remains unclear whether bacterial glycoproteins can bind to specific classes of lectins expressed on host cells. 27711121 4 45 theme lectin-binding 479:492 arg1 glycoproteins 494:506 lectin-binding glycoproteins 479:506 lectin-binding glycoproteins in T. forsythia 479:522 In this study, we aimed to find lectin-binding glycoproteins in T. forsythia. 27711121 2 46 theme bacterial 250:258 arg1 glycoproteins 260:272 bacterial glycoproteins 250:272 bacterial glycoproteins 250:272 It remains unclear whether bacterial glycoproteins can bind to specific classes of lectins expressed on host cells. 27711121 5 47 theme agglutinin 576:585 arg1 chromatography 547:560 affinity chromatography 538:560 affinity chromatography of wheat germ agglutinin, which binds to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid (Sia), 538:653 We performed affinity chromatography of wheat germ agglutinin, which binds to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid (Sia), and identified OmpA-like protein as the glycoprotein that has the highest affinity. 27711121 9 48 theme calcium 1146:1152 arg1 presence 1134:1141 the presence 1130:1141 the presence of calcium 1130:1152 The binding of OmpA-like protein to these lectins, except for the Siglecs, depends on the presence of calcium. 27711121 3 49 theme periodontitis 432:444 arg1 development 417:427 the development 413:427 the development of periodontitis 413:444 Tannerella forsythia is a gram-negative oral anaerobe that contributes to the development of periodontitis. 27711121 12 50 theme protein-deficient 1564:1580 arg1 strain 1595:1600 an OmpA-like protein-deficient T. forsythia strain 1551:1600 an OmpA-like protein-deficient T. forsythia strain 1551:1600 Moreover, adhesion of an OmpA-like protein-deficient T. forsythia strain to the cells was reduced compared to that of the wild-type strain. 27711121 7 51 contain contains 893:900 arg1 protein 885:891 OmpA-like protein 875:891 OmpA-like protein 875:891 Fluorometry quantitatively showed that OmpA-like protein contains Sia. 27711121 7 51 contain contains 893:900 arg2 Sia 902:904 Sia 902:904 Sia 902:904 Fluorometry quantitatively showed that OmpA-like protein contains Sia. 27711121 6 52 theme OmpA-like 771:779 arg1 protein 781:787 OmpA-like protein 771:787 OmpA-like protein 771:787 Mass spectrometry revealed that OmpA-like protein contains O-type N-acetylhexosamine and hexose. 27711121 12 53 theme OmpA-like 1554:1562 arg1 strain 1595:1600 an OmpA-like protein-deficient T. forsythia strain 1551:1600 an OmpA-like protein-deficient T. forsythia strain 1551:1600 Moreover, adhesion of an OmpA-like protein-deficient T. forsythia strain to the cells was reduced compared to that of the wild-type strain. 27711121 13 54 link O-linked 1739:1746 arg1 chains 1754:1759 O-linked sugar chains 1739:1759 O-linked sugar chains that can mediate interactions with specific lectins 1739:1811 Our findings indicate that OmpA-like protein of T. forsythia contains O-linked sugar chains that can mediate interactions with specific lectins. 27711121 2 55 theme specific 286:293 arg1 classes 295:301 specific classes 286:301 specific classes of lectins expressed on host cells 286:336 It remains unclear whether bacterial glycoproteins can bind to specific classes of lectins expressed on host cells. 27711121 1 56 theme Bacterial 127:135 arg1 glycoproteins 137:149 Bacterial glycoproteins 127:149 Bacterial glycoproteins 127:149 Bacterial glycoproteins are associated with physiological and pathogenic functions of bacteria. 27711121 6 57 theme Mass 739:742 arg1 spectrometry 744:755 Mass spectrometry 739:755 Mass spectrometry 739:755 Mass spectrometry revealed that OmpA-like protein contains O-type N-acetylhexosamine and hexose. 27711121 13 58 theme sugar 1748:1752 arg1 chains 1754:1759 O-linked sugar chains 1739:1759 O-linked sugar chains that can mediate interactions with specific lectins 1739:1811 Our findings indicate that OmpA-like protein of T. forsythia contains O-linked sugar chains that can mediate interactions with specific lectins. 27711121 9 59 theme protein 1069:1075 arg1 binding 1048:1054 The binding 1044:1054 The binding of OmpA-like protein to these lectins 1044:1092 The binding of OmpA-like protein to these lectins, except for the Siglecs, depends on the presence of calcium. 27711121 0 60 theme O-Linked 66:73 arg1 Glycoprotein 75:86 an O-Linked Glycoprotein 63:86 an O-Linked Glycoprotein 63:86 Identification of OmpA-Like Protein of Tannerella forsythia as an O-Linked Glycoprotein and Its Binding Capability to Lectins. 27711121 10 61 theme OmpA-like 1245:1253 arg1 protein 1255:1261 OmpA-like protein 1245:1261 OmpA-like protein 1245:1261 N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), which is the most abundant Sia, inhibited the binding of OmpA-like protein to all of these lectins, whereas GlcNAc and mannose only inhibited the binding to DC-SIGN. 27711121 13 62 with interactions 1778:1789 arg1 lectins 1805:1811 specific lectins 1796:1811 specific lectins 1796:1811 Our findings indicate that OmpA-like protein of T. forsythia contains O-linked sugar chains that can mediate interactions with specific lectins. 27711121 9 63 theme OmpA-like 1059:1067 arg1 protein 1069:1075 OmpA-like protein 1059:1075 OmpA-like protein 1059:1075 The binding of OmpA-like protein to these lectins, except for the Siglecs, depends on the presence of calcium. 27711121 6 64 contain contains 789:796 arg2 O-type 798:803 O-type N-acetylhexosamine and hexose 798:833 O-type 798:803 Mass spectrometry revealed that OmpA-like protein contains O-type N-acetylhexosamine and hexose. 27711121 6 64 contain contains 789:796 arg2 hexose 828:833 hexose 828:833 hexose 828:833 Mass spectrometry revealed that OmpA-like protein contains O-type N-acetylhexosamine and hexose. 27711121 6 64 contain contains 789:796 arg1 protein 781:787 OmpA-like protein 771:787 OmpA-like protein 771:787 Mass spectrometry revealed that OmpA-like protein contains O-type N-acetylhexosamine and hexose. 27711121 5 65 theme wheat 565:569 arg1 agglutinin 576:585 wheat germ agglutinin 565:585 wheat germ agglutinin 565:585 We performed affinity chromatography of wheat germ agglutinin, which binds to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid (Sia), and identified OmpA-like protein as the glycoprotein that has the highest affinity. 27711121 12 66 theme wild-type 1651:1659 arg1 strain 1661:1666 the wild-type strain 1647:1666 the wild-type strain 1647:1666 Moreover, adhesion of an OmpA-like protein-deficient T. forsythia strain to the cells was reduced compared to that of the wild-type strain. 27711121 13 67 theme O-linked 1739:1746 arg1 chains 1754:1759 O-linked sugar chains 1739:1759 O-linked sugar chains that can mediate interactions with specific lectins 1739:1811 Our findings indicate that OmpA-like protein of T. forsythia contains O-linked sugar chains that can mediate interactions with specific lectins. 26057552 9 0 theme relative 1581:1588 arg1 amount 1590:1595 The relative amount 1577:1595 The relative amount of VVA-reactive glycotope 1577:1621 The relative amount of VVA-reactive glycotope remained almost constant over the development of lactation. 26057552 9 0 theme relative 1581:1588 arg1 glycotope 1613:1621 VVA-reactive glycotope 1600:1621 VVA-reactive glycotope 1600:1621 The relative amount of VVA-reactive glycotope remained almost constant over the development of lactation. 26057552 4 1 theme Relative 577:584 arg1 amounts 586:592 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts 555:592 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans 555:625 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 4 1 theme Relative 577:584 arg1 O-glycans 617:625 human skim milk AGP O-glycans 597:625 human skim milk AGP O-glycans 597:625 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 2 2 theme benefits 357:364 arg1 range 337:341 a wide range 330:341 a wide range of biological benefits 330:364 The milk AGP glycoforms may provide the breastfed infant with a wide range of biological benefits. 26057552 6 3 theme asialyl 1248:1254 arg1 T 1256:1256 asialyl T 1248:1256 asialyl T 1248:1256 The expression of sialyl, asialyl T, and Tn glycotopes of human milk AGP was lactation stage related. 26057552 9 4 theme glycotope 1613:1621 arg1 amount 1590:1595 The relative amount 1577:1595 The relative amount of VVA-reactive glycotope 1577:1621 The relative amount of VVA-reactive glycotope remained almost constant over the development of lactation. 26057552 9 4 theme glycotope 1613:1621 arg1 glycotope 1613:1621 VVA-reactive glycotope 1600:1621 VVA-reactive glycotope 1600:1621 The relative amount of VVA-reactive glycotope remained almost constant over the development of lactation. 26057552 7 5 theme glycotope 1368:1376 arg1 amount 1337:1342 The relative amount 1324:1342 The relative amount of Jacalin-reactive AGP glycotope 1324:1376 The relative amount of Jacalin-reactive AGP glycotope was highest in the colostrum samples and then decreased starting from Day 8 of lactation. 26057552 7 5 theme glycotope 1368:1376 arg1 glycotope 1368:1376 Jacalin-reactive AGP glycotope 1347:1376 Jacalin-reactive AGP glycotope 1347:1376 The relative amount of Jacalin-reactive AGP glycotope was highest in the colostrum samples and then decreased starting from Day 8 of lactation. 26057552 3 6 theme lactating 528:536 arg1 mother 538:543 the lactating mother's 524:545 the lactating mother's plasma 524:552 Here, we analyzed the reactivity of O-linked sugar-specific lectins with human milk AGP over the process of lactation and compared the results with those of the lactating mother's plasma. 26057552 7 7 theme colostrum 1397:1405 arg1 samples 1407:1413 the colostrum samples 1393:1413 the colostrum samples 1393:1413 The relative amount of Jacalin-reactive AGP glycotope was highest in the colostrum samples and then decreased starting from Day 8 of lactation. 26057552 8 8 located observed 1567:1574 arg1 contrast 1471:1478 contrast 1471:1478 contrast 1471:1478 In contrast, an increase of the relative amount of PNA-reactive glycotope with milk maturation was observed. 26057552 8 8 located observed 1567:1574 arg2 increase 1484:1491 an increase 1481:1491 an increase of the relative amount of PNA-reactive glycotope with milk maturation 1481:1561 In contrast, an increase of the relative amount of PNA-reactive glycotope with milk maturation was observed. 26057552 7 9 theme Jacalin-reactive 1347:1362 arg1 glycotope 1368:1376 Jacalin-reactive AGP glycotope 1347:1376 Jacalin-reactive AGP glycotope 1347:1376 The relative amount of Jacalin-reactive AGP glycotope was highest in the colostrum samples and then decreased starting from Day 8 of lactation. 26057552 6 10 theme human 1280:1284 arg1 AGP 1291:1293 human milk AGP 1280:1293 human milk AGP 1280:1293 The expression of sialyl, asialyl T, and Tn glycotopes of human milk AGP was lactation stage related. 26057552 5 11 theme Milk 1023:1026 arg1 AGP 1028:1030 RESULTS Milk AGP 1015:1030 RESULTS Milk AGP 1015:1030 RESULTS Milk AGP elicited high expression of Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes and low expression of VVA-reactive glycotopes, which were absent on plasma AGP of lactating mothers and healthy individuals. 26057552 2 12 theme breastfed 308:316 arg1 infant 318:323 the breastfed infant 304:323 the breastfed infant with a wide range of biological benefits 304:364 The milk AGP glycoforms may provide the breastfed infant with a wide range of biological benefits. 26057552 6 13 theme glycotopes 1266:1275 arg1 expression 1226:1235 The expression 1222:1235 The expression of sialyl, asialyl T, and Tn glycotopes of human milk AGP 1222:1293 The expression of sialyl, asialyl T, and Tn glycotopes of human milk AGP was lactation stage related. 26057552 6 13 theme glycotopes 1266:1275 arg1 related 1315:1321 related 1315:1321 related 1315:1321 The expression of sialyl, asialyl T, and Tn glycotopes of human milk AGP was lactation stage related. 26057552 3 14 link O-linked 403:410 arg1 lectins 427:433 O-linked sugar-specific lectins 403:433 O-linked sugar-specific lectins 403:433 Here, we analyzed the reactivity of O-linked sugar-specific lectins with human milk AGP over the process of lactation and compared the results with those of the lactating mother's plasma. 26057552 9 15 theme lactation 1672:1680 arg1 development 1657:1667 the development 1653:1667 the development of lactation 1653:1680 The relative amount of VVA-reactive glycotope remained almost constant over the development of lactation. 26057552 4 16 theme milk 700:703 arg1 samples 705:711 transitional and mature milk samples 676:711 transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers 676:734 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 11 17 theme Tn 1886:1887 arg1 antigens 1889:1896 asialylated T and Tn antigens 1868:1896 antigens 1889:1896 The variation of the expression of sialylated and asialylated T and Tn antigens on AGP is associated with milk maturation. 26057552 10 18 theme T 1792:1792 arg1 antigens 1808:1815 O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens 1756:1815 O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens 1756:1815 CONCLUSIONS Milk AGP differs from mother's plasma AGP by the presence of O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens. 26057552 6 19 theme T 1256:1256 arg1 expression 1226:1235 The expression 1222:1235 The expression of sialyl, asialyl T, and Tn glycotopes of human milk AGP 1222:1293 The expression of sialyl, asialyl T, and Tn glycotopes of human milk AGP was lactation stage related. 26057552 6 19 theme T 1256:1256 arg1 related 1315:1321 related 1315:1321 related 1315:1321 The expression of sialyl, asialyl T, and Tn glycotopes of human milk AGP was lactation stage related. 26057552 2 20 theme milk 272:275 arg1 glycoforms 281:290 The milk AGP glycoforms 268:290 The milk AGP glycoforms 268:290 The milk AGP glycoforms may provide the breastfed infant with a wide range of biological benefits. 26057552 1 21 theme glycoproteins 129:141 arg1 multitude 116:124 a multitude 114:124 a multitude of glycoproteins, including highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), which elicits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties 114:265 BACKGROUND Human milk provides a multitude of glycoproteins, including highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), which elicits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. 26057552 11 22 theme expression 1839:1848 arg1 variation 1822:1830 The variation 1818:1830 The variation of the expression of sialylated and asialylated T and Tn antigens on AGP 1818:1903 The variation of the expression of sialylated and asialylated T and Tn antigens on AGP is associated with milk maturation. 26057552 0 23 theme lactation 58:66 arg1 stage 68:72 lactation stage 58:72 lactation stage 58:72 O-glycosylation of α-1-acid glycoprotein of human milk is lactation stage related. 26057552 5 24 theme PNA-reactive 1073:1084 arg1 glycotopes 1086:1095 Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes 1060:1095 Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes 1060:1095 RESULTS Milk AGP elicited high expression of Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes and low expression of VVA-reactive glycotopes, which were absent on plasma AGP of lactating mothers and healthy individuals. 26057552 10 25 theme sialylated 1765:1774 arg1 antigens 1808:1815 O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens 1756:1815 O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens 1756:1815 CONCLUSIONS Milk AGP differs from mother's plasma AGP by the presence of O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens. 26057552 11 26 gly asialylated 1868:1878 arg1 T 1880:1880 asialylated T and Tn antigens 1868:1896 T 1880:1880 The variation of the expression of sialylated and asialylated T and Tn antigens on AGP is associated with milk maturation. 26057552 1 27 theme glycosylated 161:172 arg1 AGP 197:199 AGP 197:199 AGP 197:199 BACKGROUND Human milk provides a multitude of glycoproteins, including highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), which elicits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. 26057552 1 27 theme glycosylated 161:172 arg1 glycoprotein 183:194 highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein 154:194 highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) 154:200 BACKGROUND Human milk provides a multitude of glycoproteins, including highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), which elicits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. 26057552 10 28 theme asialylated 1780:1790 arg1 antigens 1808:1815 O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens 1756:1815 O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens 1756:1815 CONCLUSIONS Milk AGP differs from mother's plasma AGP by the presence of O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens. 26057552 4 29 theme enzyme-linked 750:762 arg1 assay 778:782 lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 739:782 lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively 739:1012 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 6 30 theme lactation 1299:1307 arg1 stage 1309:1313 lactation stage 1299:1313 lactation stage 1299:1313 The expression of sialyl, asialyl T, and Tn glycotopes of human milk AGP was lactation stage related. 26057552 4 31 theme Arachis 944:950 arg1 PNA 962:964 PNA 962:964 PNA 962:964 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 4 31 theme Arachis 944:950 arg1 hypogaea 952:959 Arachis hypogaea 944:959 Arachis hypogaea (PNA) 944:965 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 11 32 from variation 1822:1830 arg1 AGP 1901:1903 AGP 1901:1903 AGP 1901:1903 The variation of the expression of sialylated and asialylated T and Tn antigens on AGP is associated with milk maturation. 26057552 3 33 theme milk 446:449 arg1 AGP 451:453 human milk AGP 440:453 human milk AGP 440:453 Here, we analyzed the reactivity of O-linked sugar-specific lectins with human milk AGP over the process of lactation and compared the results with those of the lactating mother's plasma. 26057552 6 34 theme AGP 1291:1293 arg1 sialyl 1240:1245 sialyl 1240:1245 sialyl 1240:1245 The expression of sialyl, asialyl T, and Tn glycotopes of human milk AGP was lactation stage related. 26057552 6 34 theme AGP 1291:1293 arg1 T 1256:1256 asialyl T 1248:1256 asialyl T 1248:1256 The expression of sialyl, asialyl T, and Tn glycotopes of human milk AGP was lactation stage related. 26057552 6 34 theme AGP 1291:1293 arg1 glycotopes 1266:1275 Tn glycotopes 1263:1275 Tn glycotopes 1263:1275 The expression of sialyl, asialyl T, and Tn glycotopes of human milk AGP was lactation stage related. 26057552 5 35 theme Jacalin- 1060:1067 arg1 glycotopes 1086:1095 Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes 1060:1095 Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes 1060:1095 RESULTS Milk AGP elicited high expression of Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes and low expression of VVA-reactive glycotopes, which were absent on plasma AGP of lactating mothers and healthy individuals. 26057552 4 36 theme VVA 987:989 arg1 lectins 992:998 Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins 972:998 Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins 972:998 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 4 37 theme healthy 720:726 arg1 mothers 728:734 127 healthy mothers 716:734 127 healthy mothers 716:734 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 1 38 theme Human 94:98 arg1 milk 100:103 BACKGROUND Human milk 83:103 BACKGROUND Human milk 83:103 BACKGROUND Human milk provides a multitude of glycoproteins, including highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), which elicits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. 26057552 11 39 theme asialylated 1868:1878 arg1 T 1880:1880 asialylated T and Tn antigens 1868:1896 T 1880:1880 The variation of the expression of sialylated and asialylated T and Tn antigens on AGP is associated with milk maturation. 26057552 0 40 theme α-1-acid 19:26 arg1 glycoprotein 28:39 α-1-acid glycoprotein 19:39 α-1-acid glycoprotein of human milk 19:53 O-glycosylation of α-1-acid glycoprotein of human milk is lactation stage related. 26057552 3 41 theme sugar-specific 412:425 arg1 lectins 427:433 O-linked sugar-specific lectins 403:433 O-linked sugar-specific lectins 403:433 Here, we analyzed the reactivity of O-linked sugar-specific lectins with human milk AGP over the process of lactation and compared the results with those of the lactating mother's plasma. 26057552 4 42 theme MATERIALS 555:563 arg1 amounts 586:592 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts 555:592 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans 555:625 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 4 42 theme MATERIALS 555:563 arg1 O-glycans 617:625 human skim milk AGP O-glycans 597:625 human skim milk AGP O-glycans 597:625 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 11 43 theme sialylated 1853:1862 arg1 expression 1839:1848 the expression 1835:1848 the expression of sialylated and asialylated T and Tn antigens on AGP 1835:1903 The variation of the expression of sialylated and asialylated T and Tn antigens on AGP is associated with milk maturation. 26057552 4 44 theme villosa 978:984 arg1 lectins 992:998 Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins 972:998 Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins 972:998 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 8 45 theme relative 1500:1507 arg1 amount 1509:1514 the relative amount 1496:1514 the relative amount of PNA-reactive glycotope with milk maturation 1496:1561 In contrast, an increase of the relative amount of PNA-reactive glycotope with milk maturation was observed. 26057552 8 45 theme relative 1500:1507 arg1 glycotope 1532:1540 PNA-reactive glycotope 1519:1540 PNA-reactive glycotope with milk maturation 1519:1561 In contrast, an increase of the relative amount of PNA-reactive glycotope with milk maturation was observed. 26057552 2 46 theme biological 346:355 arg1 benefits 357:364 biological benefits 346:364 biological benefits 346:364 The milk AGP glycoforms may provide the breastfed infant with a wide range of biological benefits. 26057552 0 47 theme milk 50:53 arg1 glycoprotein 28:39 α-1-acid glycoprotein 19:39 α-1-acid glycoprotein of human milk 19:53 O-glycosylation of α-1-acid glycoprotein of human milk is lactation stage related. 26057552 5 48 theme VVA-reactive 1119:1130 arg1 glycotopes 1132:1141 VVA-reactive glycotopes 1119:1141 VVA-reactive glycotopes 1119:1141 RESULTS Milk AGP elicited high expression of Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes and low expression of VVA-reactive glycotopes, which were absent on plasma AGP of lactating mothers and healthy individuals. 26057552 0 49 gly glycoprotein 28:39 arg1 glycoprotein 28:39 α-1-acid glycoprotein 19:39 α-1-acid glycoprotein of human milk 19:53 O-glycosylation of α-1-acid glycoprotein of human milk is lactation stage related. 26057552 4 50 theme sialyl 790:795 arg1 T 797:797 sialyl T 790:797 sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-) 790:831 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 4 50 theme sialyl 790:795 arg1 Galβ1,3GalNAc- 817:830 sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc- 800:830 sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc- 800:830 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 4 50 theme sialyl 790:795 arg1 Jacalin 934:940 Jacalin 934:940 Jacalin 934:940 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 3 51 theme lactation 475:483 arg1 process 464:470 the process 460:470 the process of lactation 460:483 Here, we analyzed the reactivity of O-linked sugar-specific lectins with human milk AGP over the process of lactation and compared the results with those of the lactating mother's plasma. 26057552 5 52 theme lactating 1179:1187 arg1 mothers 1189:1195 lactating mothers 1179:1195 lactating mothers 1179:1195 RESULTS Milk AGP elicited high expression of Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes and low expression of VVA-reactive glycotopes, which were absent on plasma AGP of lactating mothers and healthy individuals. 26057552 8 53 with glycotope 1532:1540 arg1 maturation 1552:1561 milk maturation 1547:1561 milk maturation 1547:1561 In contrast, an increase of the relative amount of PNA-reactive glycotope with milk maturation was observed. 26057552 4 54 theme human 597:601 arg1 O-glycans 617:625 human skim milk AGP O-glycans 597:625 human skim milk AGP O-glycans 597:625 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 10 55 theme antigens 1808:1815 arg1 presence 1744:1751 the presence 1740:1751 the presence of O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens 1740:1815 CONCLUSIONS Milk AGP differs from mother's plasma AGP by the presence of O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens. 26057552 10 56 theme Milk 1695:1698 arg1 AGP 1700:1702 CONCLUSIONS Milk AGP 1683:1702 CONCLUSIONS Milk AGP 1683:1702 CONCLUSIONS Milk AGP differs from mother's plasma AGP by the presence of O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens. 26057552 10 57 dep sialylated 1765:1774 arg1 O-linked 1756:1763 O-linked 1756:1763 O-linked 1756:1763 CONCLUSIONS Milk AGP differs from mother's plasma AGP by the presence of O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens. 26057552 1 58 theme immunomodulatory 239:254 arg1 properties 256:265 anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties 217:265 anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties 217:265 BACKGROUND Human milk provides a multitude of glycoproteins, including highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), which elicits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. 26057552 4 59 theme milk 608:611 arg1 O-glycans 617:625 human skim milk AGP O-glycans 597:625 human skim milk AGP O-glycans 597:625 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 1 60 gly glycoprotein 183:194 arg1 AGP 197:199 AGP 197:199 AGP 197:199 BACKGROUND Human milk provides a multitude of glycoproteins, including highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), which elicits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. 26057552 1 60 gly glycoprotein 183:194 arg1 glycoprotein 183:194 highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein 154:194 highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) 154:200 BACKGROUND Human milk provides a multitude of glycoproteins, including highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), which elicits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. 26057552 4 61 theme METHODS 569:575 arg1 amounts 586:592 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts 555:592 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans 555:625 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 4 61 theme METHODS 569:575 arg1 O-glycans 617:625 human skim milk AGP O-glycans 597:625 human skim milk AGP O-glycans 597:625 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 6 62 theme sialyl 1240:1245 arg1 expression 1226:1235 The expression 1222:1235 The expression of sialyl, asialyl T, and Tn glycotopes of human milk AGP 1222:1293 The expression of sialyl, asialyl T, and Tn glycotopes of human milk AGP was lactation stage related. 26057552 6 62 theme sialyl 1240:1245 arg1 related 1315:1321 related 1315:1321 related 1315:1321 The expression of sialyl, asialyl T, and Tn glycotopes of human milk AGP was lactation stage related. 26057552 9 63 theme VVA-reactive 1600:1611 arg1 glycotope 1613:1621 VVA-reactive glycotope 1600:1621 VVA-reactive glycotope 1600:1621 The relative amount of VVA-reactive glycotope remained almost constant over the development of lactation. 26057552 11 64 from AGP 1901:1903 arg1 variation 1822:1830 The variation 1818:1830 The variation of the expression of sialylated and asialylated T and Tn antigens on AGP 1818:1903 The variation of the expression of sialylated and asialylated T and Tn antigens on AGP is associated with milk maturation. 26057552 2 65 gly glycoforms 281:290 arg1 milk 272:275 The milk AGP glycoforms 268:290 The milk AGP glycoforms 268:290 The milk AGP glycoforms may provide the breastfed infant with a wide range of biological benefits. 26057552 2 65 gly glycoforms 281:290 arg1 AGP 277:279 The milk AGP glycoforms 268:290 The milk AGP glycoforms 268:290 The milk AGP glycoforms may provide the breastfed infant with a wide range of biological benefits. 26057552 11 66 theme milk 1924:1927 arg1 maturation 1929:1938 milk maturation 1924:1938 milk maturation 1924:1938 The variation of the expression of sialylated and asialylated T and Tn antigens on AGP is associated with milk maturation. 26057552 1 67 theme α-1-acid 174:181 arg1 AGP 197:199 AGP 197:199 AGP 197:199 BACKGROUND Human milk provides a multitude of glycoproteins, including highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), which elicits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. 26057552 1 67 theme α-1-acid 174:181 arg1 glycoprotein 183:194 highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein 154:194 highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) 154:200 BACKGROUND Human milk provides a multitude of glycoproteins, including highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), which elicits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. 26057552 4 68 theme Vicia 972:976 arg1 lectins 992:998 Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins 972:998 Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins 972:998 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 4 69 theme asialyl 834:840 arg1 Galβ1,3GalNAc- 845:858 Galβ1,3GalNAc- 845:858 Galβ1,3GalNAc- 845:858 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 4 69 theme asialyl 834:840 arg1 T 842:842 asialyl T 834:842 asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-) 834:859 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 4 70 theme early 644:648 arg1 colostrum 650:658 early colostrum 644:658 early colostrum 644:658 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 7 71 theme AGP 1364:1366 arg1 glycotope 1368:1376 Jacalin-reactive AGP glycotope 1347:1376 Jacalin-reactive AGP glycotope 1347:1376 The relative amount of Jacalin-reactive AGP glycotope was highest in the colostrum samples and then decreased starting from Day 8 of lactation. 26057552 6 72 theme milk 1286:1289 arg1 AGP 1291:1293 human milk AGP 1280:1293 human milk AGP 1280:1293 The expression of sialyl, asialyl T, and Tn glycotopes of human milk AGP was lactation stage related. 26057552 10 73 theme plasma 1726:1731 arg1 AGP 1733:1735 mother's plasma AGP 1717:1735 mother's plasma AGP 1717:1735 CONCLUSIONS Milk AGP differs from mother's plasma AGP by the presence of O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens. 26057552 3 74 with reactivity 389:398 arg1 AGP 451:453 human milk AGP 440:453 human milk AGP 440:453 Here, we analyzed the reactivity of O-linked sugar-specific lectins with human milk AGP over the process of lactation and compared the results with those of the lactating mother's plasma. 26057552 4 75 theme O-glycans 617:625 arg1 amounts 586:592 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts 555:592 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans 555:625 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 4 75 theme O-glycans 617:625 arg1 O-glycans 617:625 human skim milk AGP O-glycans 597:625 human skim milk AGP O-glycans 597:625 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 1 76 gly glycoproteins 129:141 arg1 glycoproteins 129:141 glycoproteins 129:141 glycoproteins 129:141 BACKGROUND Human milk provides a multitude of glycoproteins, including highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), which elicits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. 26057552 1 76 gly glycoproteins 129:141 arg1 glycoprotein 183:194 highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein 154:194 highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) 154:200 BACKGROUND Human milk provides a multitude of glycoproteins, including highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), which elicits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. 26057552 7 77 theme relative 1328:1335 arg1 amount 1337:1342 The relative amount 1324:1342 The relative amount of Jacalin-reactive AGP glycotope 1324:1376 The relative amount of Jacalin-reactive AGP glycotope was highest in the colostrum samples and then decreased starting from Day 8 of lactation. 26057552 7 77 theme relative 1328:1335 arg1 glycotope 1368:1376 Jacalin-reactive AGP glycotope 1347:1376 Jacalin-reactive AGP glycotope 1347:1376 The relative amount of Jacalin-reactive AGP glycotope was highest in the colostrum samples and then decreased starting from Day 8 of lactation. 26057552 6 78 theme Tn 1263:1264 arg1 glycotopes 1266:1275 Tn glycotopes 1263:1275 Tn glycotopes 1263:1275 The expression of sialyl, asialyl T, and Tn glycotopes of human milk AGP was lactation stage related. 26057552 5 79 theme high 1041:1044 arg1 expression 1046:1055 high expression 1041:1055 high expression of Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes 1041:1095 RESULTS Milk AGP elicited high expression of Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes and low expression of VVA-reactive glycotopes, which were absent on plasma AGP of lactating mothers and healthy individuals. 26057552 10 80 gly asialylated 1780:1790 arg1 antigens 1808:1815 O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens 1756:1815 O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens 1756:1815 CONCLUSIONS Milk AGP differs from mother's plasma AGP by the presence of O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens. 26057552 4 81 theme mature 693:698 arg1 samples 705:711 transitional and mature milk samples 676:711 transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers 676:734 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 1 82 gly glycosylated 161:172 arg1 AGP 197:199 AGP 197:199 AGP 197:199 BACKGROUND Human milk provides a multitude of glycoproteins, including highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), which elicits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. 26057552 1 82 gly glycosylated 161:172 arg1 glycoprotein 183:194 highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein 154:194 highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) 154:200 BACKGROUND Human milk provides a multitude of glycoproteins, including highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), which elicits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. 26057552 2 83 theme AGP 277:279 arg1 glycoforms 281:290 The milk AGP glycoforms 268:290 The milk AGP glycoforms 268:290 The milk AGP glycoforms may provide the breastfed infant with a wide range of biological benefits. 26057552 5 84 theme RESULTS 1015:1021 arg1 AGP 1028:1030 RESULTS Milk AGP 1015:1030 RESULTS Milk AGP 1015:1030 RESULTS Milk AGP elicited high expression of Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes and low expression of VVA-reactive glycotopes, which were absent on plasma AGP of lactating mothers and healthy individuals. 26057552 8 85 theme glycotope 1532:1540 arg1 amount 1509:1514 the relative amount 1496:1514 the relative amount of PNA-reactive glycotope with milk maturation 1496:1561 In contrast, an increase of the relative amount of PNA-reactive glycotope with milk maturation was observed. 26057552 8 85 theme glycotope 1532:1540 arg1 glycotope 1532:1540 PNA-reactive glycotope 1519:1540 PNA-reactive glycotope with milk maturation 1519:1561 In contrast, an increase of the relative amount of PNA-reactive glycotope with milk maturation was observed. 26057552 11 86 from expression 1839:1848 arg1 AGP 1901:1903 AGP 1901:1903 AGP 1901:1903 The variation of the expression of sialylated and asialylated T and Tn antigens on AGP is associated with milk maturation. 26057552 1 87 theme anti-inflammatory 217:233 arg1 properties 256:265 anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties 217:265 anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties 217:265 BACKGROUND Human milk provides a multitude of glycoproteins, including highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), which elicits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. 26057552 5 88 theme individuals 1209:1219 arg1 AGP 1172:1174 plasma AGP 1165:1174 plasma AGP of lactating mothers and healthy individuals 1165:1219 RESULTS Milk AGP elicited high expression of Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes and low expression of VVA-reactive glycotopes, which were absent on plasma AGP of lactating mothers and healthy individuals. 26057552 5 89 theme glycotopes 1086:1095 arg1 expression 1046:1055 high expression 1041:1055 high expression of Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes 1041:1095 RESULTS Milk AGP elicited high expression of Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes and low expression of VVA-reactive glycotopes, which were absent on plasma AGP of lactating mothers and healthy individuals. 26057552 5 89 theme glycotopes 1086:1095 arg1 expression 1105:1114 low expression 1101:1114 low expression of VVA-reactive glycotopes 1101:1141 RESULTS Milk AGP elicited high expression of Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes and low expression of VVA-reactive glycotopes, which were absent on plasma AGP of lactating mothers and healthy individuals. 26057552 2 90 with infant 318:323 arg1 range 337:341 a wide range 330:341 a wide range of biological benefits 330:364 The milk AGP glycoforms may provide the breastfed infant with a wide range of biological benefits. 26057552 4 91 theme transitional 676:687 arg1 samples 705:711 transitional and mature milk samples 676:711 transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers 676:734 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 5 92 theme low 1101:1103 arg1 expression 1105:1114 low expression 1101:1114 low expression of VVA-reactive glycotopes 1101:1141 RESULTS Milk AGP elicited high expression of Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes and low expression of VVA-reactive glycotopes, which were absent on plasma AGP of lactating mothers and healthy individuals. 26057552 4 93 theme lectin-AGP 739:748 arg1 assay 778:782 lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 739:782 lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively 739:1012 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 4 94 theme immunosorbent 764:776 arg1 assay 778:782 lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 739:782 lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively 739:1012 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 1 95 theme BACKGROUND 83:92 arg1 milk 100:103 BACKGROUND Human milk 83:103 BACKGROUND Human milk 83:103 BACKGROUND Human milk provides a multitude of glycoproteins, including highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), which elicits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. 26057552 3 96 theme human 440:444 arg1 AGP 451:453 human milk AGP 440:453 human milk AGP 440:453 Here, we analyzed the reactivity of O-linked sugar-specific lectins with human milk AGP over the process of lactation and compared the results with those of the lactating mother's plasma. 26057552 0 97 theme glycoprotein 28:39 arg1 O-glycosylation 0:14 O-glycosylation 0:14 O-glycosylation of α-1-acid glycoprotein of human milk 0:53 O-glycosylation of α-1-acid glycoprotein of human milk is lactation stage related. 26057552 4 98 theme skim 603:606 arg1 O-glycans 617:625 human skim milk AGP O-glycans 597:625 human skim milk AGP O-glycans 597:625 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 10 99 theme Tn 1805:1806 arg1 antigens 1808:1815 O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens 1756:1815 O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens 1756:1815 CONCLUSIONS Milk AGP differs from mother's plasma AGP by the presence of O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens. 26057552 4 100 theme mothers 728:734 arg1 colostrum 650:658 early colostrum 644:658 early colostrum 644:658 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 4 100 theme mothers 728:734 arg1 samples 705:711 transitional and mature milk samples 676:711 transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers 676:734 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 4 100 theme mothers 728:734 arg1 colostrum 661:669 colostrum 661:669 colostrum 661:669 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 11 101 theme T 1880:1880 arg1 expression 1839:1848 the expression 1835:1848 the expression of sialylated and asialylated T and Tn antigens on AGP 1835:1903 The variation of the expression of sialylated and asialylated T and Tn antigens on AGP is associated with milk maturation. 26057552 0 102 theme human 44:48 arg1 milk 50:53 human milk 44:53 human milk 44:53 O-glycosylation of α-1-acid glycoprotein of human milk is lactation stage related. 26057552 0 103 gly O-glycosylation 0:14 arg1 glycoprotein 28:39 α-1-acid glycoprotein 19:39 α-1-acid glycoprotein of human milk 19:53 O-glycosylation of α-1-acid glycoprotein of human milk is lactation stage related. 26057552 5 104 theme plasma 1165:1170 arg1 AGP 1172:1174 plasma AGP 1165:1174 plasma AGP of lactating mothers and healthy individuals 1165:1219 RESULTS Milk AGP elicited high expression of Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes and low expression of VVA-reactive glycotopes, which were absent on plasma AGP of lactating mothers and healthy individuals. 26057552 3 105 theme lectins 427:433 arg1 reactivity 389:398 the reactivity 385:398 the reactivity of O-linked sugar-specific lectins with human milk AGP 385:453 Here, we analyzed the reactivity of O-linked sugar-specific lectins with human milk AGP over the process of lactation and compared the results with those of the lactating mother's plasma. 26057552 8 106 theme amount 1509:1514 arg1 increase 1484:1491 an increase 1481:1491 an increase of the relative amount of PNA-reactive glycotope with milk maturation 1481:1561 In contrast, an increase of the relative amount of PNA-reactive glycotope with milk maturation was observed. 26057552 10 107 gly sialylated 1765:1774 arg1 antigens 1808:1815 O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens 1756:1815 O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens 1756:1815 CONCLUSIONS Milk AGP differs from mother's plasma AGP by the presence of O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens. 26057552 3 108 theme O-linked 403:410 arg1 lectins 427:433 O-linked sugar-specific lectins 403:433 O-linked sugar-specific lectins 403:433 Here, we analyzed the reactivity of O-linked sugar-specific lectins with human milk AGP over the process of lactation and compared the results with those of the lactating mother's plasma. 26057552 8 109 theme PNA-reactive 1519:1530 arg1 glycotope 1532:1540 PNA-reactive glycotope 1519:1540 PNA-reactive glycotope with milk maturation 1519:1561 In contrast, an increase of the relative amount of PNA-reactive glycotope with milk maturation was observed. 26057552 5 110 theme glycotopes 1132:1141 arg1 expression 1046:1055 high expression 1041:1055 high expression of Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes 1041:1095 RESULTS Milk AGP elicited high expression of Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes and low expression of VVA-reactive glycotopes, which were absent on plasma AGP of lactating mothers and healthy individuals. 26057552 5 110 theme glycotopes 1132:1141 arg1 expression 1105:1114 low expression 1101:1114 low expression of VVA-reactive glycotopes 1101:1141 RESULTS Milk AGP elicited high expression of Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes and low expression of VVA-reactive glycotopes, which were absent on plasma AGP of lactating mothers and healthy individuals. 26057552 7 111 theme lactation 1457:1465 arg1 Day 1448:1450 Day 8 1448:1452 Day 8 of lactation 1448:1465 The relative amount of Jacalin-reactive AGP glycotope was highest in the colostrum samples and then decreased starting from Day 8 of lactation. 26057552 4 112 link enzyme-linked 750:762 arg1 assay 778:782 lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 739:782 lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively 739:1012 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 5 113 dep elicited 1032:1039 arg1 absent 1155:1160 absent 1155:1160 absent 1155:1160 RESULTS Milk AGP elicited high expression of Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes and low expression of VVA-reactive glycotopes, which were absent on plasma AGP of lactating mothers and healthy individuals. 26057552 2 114 theme wide 332:335 arg1 range 337:341 a wide range 330:341 a wide range of biological benefits 330:364 The milk AGP glycoforms may provide the breastfed infant with a wide range of biological benefits. 26057552 5 115 theme mothers 1189:1195 arg1 AGP 1172:1174 plasma AGP 1165:1174 plasma AGP of lactating mothers and healthy individuals 1165:1219 RESULTS Milk AGP elicited high expression of Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes and low expression of VVA-reactive glycotopes, which were absent on plasma AGP of lactating mothers and healthy individuals. 26057552 4 116 theme AGP 613:615 arg1 O-glycans 617:625 human skim milk AGP O-glycans 597:625 human skim milk AGP O-glycans 597:625 MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. 26057552 8 117 theme milk 1547:1550 arg1 maturation 1552:1561 milk maturation 1547:1561 milk maturation 1547:1561 In contrast, an increase of the relative amount of PNA-reactive glycotope with milk maturation was observed. 26057552 10 118 theme CONCLUSIONS 1683:1693 arg1 AGP 1700:1702 CONCLUSIONS Milk AGP 1683:1702 CONCLUSIONS Milk AGP 1683:1702 CONCLUSIONS Milk AGP differs from mother's plasma AGP by the presence of O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens. 26057552 5 119 theme healthy 1201:1207 arg1 individuals 1209:1219 healthy individuals 1201:1219 healthy individuals 1201:1219 RESULTS Milk AGP elicited high expression of Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes and low expression of VVA-reactive glycotopes, which were absent on plasma AGP of lactating mothers and healthy individuals. 28468968 3 0 from role 418:421 arg1 dynamics 443:450 lipid dynamics 437:450 lipid dynamics 437:450 We used lipidomics combined with genetic and biochemical assays to analyze the role of SWAP-70 in lipid dynamics. 28468968 8 1 theme plasma 1058:1063 arg1 membrane 1065:1072 the plasma membrane 1054:1072 the plasma membrane 1054:1072 SWAP-70 controls Cer accumulation through the regulation of pH-dependent acid-sphingomyelinase activity and of RhoA-dependent transport of endosomal contents to the plasma membrane. 28468968 8 2 theme acid-sphingomyelinase 966:986 arg1 activity 988:995 pH-dependent acid-sphingomyelinase activity 953:995 pH-dependent acid-sphingomyelinase activity 953:995 SWAP-70 controls Cer accumulation through the regulation of pH-dependent acid-sphingomyelinase activity and of RhoA-dependent transport of endosomal contents to the plasma membrane. 28468968 10 3 theme cultured 1281:1288 arg1 cells 1297:1301 cultured CD11c+ cells 1281:1301 cultured CD11c+ cells 1281:1301 This shows that two different pathways of activation, immunogenic and tolerogenic, induce different changes in the lipid composition of cultured CD11c+ cells, and highlights the important role of SWAP-70 in Cer dynamics in dendritic cells. 28468968 5 4 dep phosphatidylcholine 659:677 arg1 ether 679:683 ether 679:683 ether 679:683 Physical disruption, but not LPS, caused an increase of phosphatidylcholine ether and cholesteryl esters in CD11c+ immune cells. 28468968 4 5 dep disruption 546:555 arg1 stimulus 593:600 a tolerogenic stimulus 579:600 physical disruption of cell-cell contacts a tolerogenic stimulus 537:600 TLR activation using LPS as a ligand represented a pathogenic immunogenic stimulus, physical disruption of cell-cell contacts a tolerogenic stimulus. 28468968 5 6 theme phosphatidylcholine 659:677 arg1 increase 647:654 an increase 644:654 an increase of phosphatidylcholine ether and cholesteryl esters in CD11c+ immune cells 644:729 Physical disruption, but not LPS, caused an increase of phosphatidylcholine ether and cholesteryl esters in CD11c+ immune cells. 28468968 10 7 theme CD11c+ 1290:1295 arg1 cells 1297:1301 cultured CD11c+ cells 1281:1301 cultured CD11c+ cells 1281:1301 This shows that two different pathways of activation, immunogenic and tolerogenic, induce different changes in the lipid composition of cultured CD11c+ cells, and highlights the important role of SWAP-70 in Cer dynamics in dendritic cells. 28468968 0 8 theme Dendritic 100:108 arg1 Dynamics 124:131 Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics 88:131 Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics 88:131 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles of CD11c+ Immune Cells and Control of Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics. 28468968 4 9 theme immunogenic 515:525 arg1 disruption 546:555 physical disruption 537:555 physical disruption of cell-cell contacts a tolerogenic stimulus 537:600 TLR activation using LPS as a ligand represented a pathogenic immunogenic stimulus, physical disruption of cell-cell contacts a tolerogenic stimulus. 28468968 4 9 theme immunogenic 515:525 arg1 stimulus 527:534 a pathogenic immunogenic stimulus 502:534 a pathogenic immunogenic stimulus 502:534 TLR activation using LPS as a ligand represented a pathogenic immunogenic stimulus, physical disruption of cell-cell contacts a tolerogenic stimulus. 28468968 2 10 theme raft 304:307 arg1 formation 309:317 lipid raft formation 298:317 lipid raft formation of dendritic cells 298:336 Earlier studies have suggested a role of switch-activated protein 70 (SWAP-70) in lipid raft formation of dendritic cells. 28468968 9 11 theme Cers 1096:1099 arg1 accumulation 1080:1091 Poor accumulation 1075:1091 Poor accumulation of Cers in Swap70 cells 1075:1115 Poor accumulation of Cers in Swap70 cells caused decreased apoptosis. 28468968 10 12 theme different 1235:1243 arg1 changes 1245:1251 different changes 1235:1251 different changes 1235:1251 This shows that two different pathways of activation, immunogenic and tolerogenic, induce different changes in the lipid composition of cultured CD11c+ cells, and highlights the important role of SWAP-70 in Cer dynamics in dendritic cells. 28468968 0 13 theme Immunogenic 88:98 arg1 Dynamics 124:131 Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics 88:131 Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics 88:131 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles of CD11c+ Immune Cells and Control of Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics. 28468968 3 14 used used 342:345 arg2 We 339:340 We 339:340 We 339:340 We used lipidomics combined with genetic and biochemical assays to analyze the role of SWAP-70 in lipid dynamics. 28468968 8 15 theme transport 1019:1027 arg1 regulation 939:948 the regulation 935:948 the regulation of pH-dependent acid-sphingomyelinase activity and of RhoA-dependent transport of endosomal contents to the plasma membrane 935:1072 SWAP-70 controls Cer accumulation through the regulation of pH-dependent acid-sphingomyelinase activity and of RhoA-dependent transport of endosomal contents to the plasma membrane. 28468968 2 16 theme lipid 298:302 arg1 formation 309:317 lipid raft formation 298:317 lipid raft formation of dendritic cells 298:336 Earlier studies have suggested a role of switch-activated protein 70 (SWAP-70) in lipid raft formation of dendritic cells. 28468968 2 17 from role 249:252 arg1 formation 309:317 lipid raft formation 298:317 lipid raft formation of dendritic cells 298:336 Earlier studies have suggested a role of switch-activated protein 70 (SWAP-70) in lipid raft formation of dendritic cells. 28468968 0 18 theme Ceramide 115:122 arg1 Dynamics 124:131 Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics 88:131 Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics 88:131 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles of CD11c+ Immune Cells and Control of Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics. 28468968 10 19 theme important 1323:1331 arg1 role 1333:1336 the important role 1319:1336 the important role of SWAP-70 in Cer dynamics in dendritic cells 1319:1382 This shows that two different pathways of activation, immunogenic and tolerogenic, induce different changes in the lipid composition of cultured CD11c+ cells, and highlights the important role of SWAP-70 in Cer dynamics in dendritic cells. 28468968 8 20 theme RhoA-dependent 1004:1017 arg1 transport 1019:1027 RhoA-dependent transport 1004:1027 RhoA-dependent transport of endosomal contents to the plasma membrane 1004:1072 SWAP-70 controls Cer accumulation through the regulation of pH-dependent acid-sphingomyelinase activity and of RhoA-dependent transport of endosomal contents to the plasma membrane. 28468968 7 21 theme Cers 866:869 arg1 localization 850:861 localization 850:861 localization 850:861 SWAP-70 was required for regulating the increase and localization of Cers in the cell membrane. 28468968 7 21 theme Cers 866:869 arg1 increase 837:844 the increase 833:844 the increase 833:844 SWAP-70 was required for regulating the increase and localization of Cers in the cell membrane. 28468968 1 22 theme essential 184:192 arg1 processes 205:213 essential biological processes 184:213 essential biological processes 184:213 Lipids affect the membrane properties determining essential biological processes. 28468968 0 23 theme Cell 110:113 arg1 Dynamics 124:131 Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics 88:131 Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics 88:131 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles of CD11c+ Immune Cells and Control of Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics. 28468968 8 24 theme endosomal 1032:1040 arg1 contents 1042:1049 endosomal contents 1032:1049 endosomal contents 1032:1049 SWAP-70 controls Cer accumulation through the regulation of pH-dependent acid-sphingomyelinase activity and of RhoA-dependent transport of endosomal contents to the plasma membrane. 28468968 9 25 from accumulation 1080:1091 arg1 cells 1111:1115 Swap70 cells 1104:1115 Swap70 cells 1104:1115 Poor accumulation of Cers in Swap70 cells caused decreased apoptosis. 28468968 1 26 theme biological 194:203 arg1 processes 205:213 essential biological processes 184:213 essential biological processes 184:213 Lipids affect the membrane properties determining essential biological processes. 28468968 6 27 theme LPS 781:783 arg1 activation 785:794 LPS activation 781:794 LPS activation 781:794 An increase of ceramide (Cer) was a hallmark for LPS activation. 28468968 2 28 theme cells 332:336 arg1 formation 309:317 lipid raft formation 298:317 lipid raft formation of dendritic cells 298:336 Earlier studies have suggested a role of switch-activated protein 70 (SWAP-70) in lipid raft formation of dendritic cells. 28468968 10 29 from dynamics 1356:1363 arg1 cells 1378:1382 dendritic cells 1368:1382 dendritic cells 1368:1382 This shows that two different pathways of activation, immunogenic and tolerogenic, induce different changes in the lipid composition of cultured CD11c+ cells, and highlights the important role of SWAP-70 in Cer dynamics in dendritic cells. 28468968 0 30 theme Tolerogenic 0:10 arg1 Profiles 41:48 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles 0:48 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles of CD11c+ Immune Cells 0:71 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles of CD11c+ Immune Cells and Control of Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics. 28468968 4 31 theme contacts 570:577 arg1 disruption 546:555 physical disruption 537:555 physical disruption of cell-cell contacts a tolerogenic stimulus 537:600 TLR activation using LPS as a ligand represented a pathogenic immunogenic stimulus, physical disruption of cell-cell contacts a tolerogenic stimulus. 28468968 4 31 theme contacts 570:577 arg1 stimulus 527:534 a pathogenic immunogenic stimulus 502:534 a pathogenic immunogenic stimulus 502:534 TLR activation using LPS as a ligand represented a pathogenic immunogenic stimulus, physical disruption of cell-cell contacts a tolerogenic stimulus. 28468968 5 32 theme Physical 603:610 arg1 disruption 612:621 Physical disruption 603:621 Physical disruption 603:621 Physical disruption, but not LPS, caused an increase of phosphatidylcholine ether and cholesteryl esters in CD11c+ immune cells. 28468968 2 33 theme dendritic 322:330 arg1 cells 332:336 dendritic cells 322:336 dendritic cells 322:336 Earlier studies have suggested a role of switch-activated protein 70 (SWAP-70) in lipid raft formation of dendritic cells. 28468968 9 34 theme decreased 1124:1132 arg1 apoptosis 1134:1142 decreased apoptosis 1124:1142 decreased apoptosis 1124:1142 Poor accumulation of Cers in Swap70 cells caused decreased apoptosis. 28468968 3 35 theme lipid 437:441 arg1 dynamics 443:450 lipid dynamics 437:450 lipid dynamics 437:450 We used lipidomics combined with genetic and biochemical assays to analyze the role of SWAP-70 in lipid dynamics. 28468968 0 36 theme Lipidomic 31:39 arg1 Profiles 41:48 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles 0:48 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles of CD11c+ Immune Cells 0:71 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles of CD11c+ Immune Cells and Control of Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics. 28468968 4 37 theme cell-cell 560:568 arg1 contacts 570:577 cell-cell contacts 560:577 cell-cell contacts 560:577 TLR activation using LPS as a ligand represented a pathogenic immunogenic stimulus, physical disruption of cell-cell contacts a tolerogenic stimulus. 28468968 5 38 theme immune 718:723 arg1 cells 725:729 CD11c+ immune cells 711:729 CD11c+ immune cells 711:729 Physical disruption, but not LPS, caused an increase of phosphatidylcholine ether and cholesteryl esters in CD11c+ immune cells. 28468968 8 39 theme contents 1042:1049 arg1 transport 1019:1027 RhoA-dependent transport 1004:1027 RhoA-dependent transport of endosomal contents to the plasma membrane 1004:1072 SWAP-70 controls Cer accumulation through the regulation of pH-dependent acid-sphingomyelinase activity and of RhoA-dependent transport of endosomal contents to the plasma membrane. 28468968 10 40 theme SWAP-70 1341:1347 arg1 role 1333:1336 the important role 1319:1336 the important role of SWAP-70 in Cer dynamics in dendritic cells 1319:1382 This shows that two different pathways of activation, immunogenic and tolerogenic, induce different changes in the lipid composition of cultured CD11c+ cells, and highlights the important role of SWAP-70 in Cer dynamics in dendritic cells. 28468968 0 41 theme Immunogenic 19:29 arg1 Profiles 41:48 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles 0:48 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles of CD11c+ Immune Cells 0:71 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles of CD11c+ Immune Cells and Control of Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics. 28468968 4 42 theme tolerogenic 581:591 arg1 stimulus 593:600 a tolerogenic stimulus 579:600 physical disruption of cell-cell contacts a tolerogenic stimulus 537:600 TLR activation using LPS as a ligand represented a pathogenic immunogenic stimulus, physical disruption of cell-cell contacts a tolerogenic stimulus. 28468968 0 43 theme Dynamics 124:131 arg1 Control 77:83 Control 77:83 Control of Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics 77:131 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles of CD11c+ Immune Cells and Control of Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics. 28468968 0 43 theme Dynamics 124:131 arg1 Profiles 41:48 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles 0:48 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles of CD11c+ Immune Cells 0:71 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles of CD11c+ Immune Cells and Control of Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics. 28468968 8 44 theme Cer 910:912 arg1 accumulation 914:925 Cer accumulation 910:925 Cer accumulation 910:925 SWAP-70 controls Cer accumulation through the regulation of pH-dependent acid-sphingomyelinase activity and of RhoA-dependent transport of endosomal contents to the plasma membrane. 28468968 9 45 theme Swap70 1104:1109 arg1 cells 1111:1115 Swap70 cells 1104:1115 Swap70 cells 1104:1115 Poor accumulation of Cers in Swap70 cells caused decreased apoptosis. 28468968 4 46 theme TLR 453:455 arg1 activation 457:466 TLR activation 453:466 TLR activation using LPS as a ligand 453:488 TLR activation using LPS as a ligand represented a pathogenic immunogenic stimulus, physical disruption of cell-cell contacts a tolerogenic stimulus. 28468968 2 47 theme switch-activated 257:272 arg1 protein 274:280 switch-activated protein 70 257:283 switch-activated protein 70 (SWAP-70) 257:293 Earlier studies have suggested a role of switch-activated protein 70 (SWAP-70) in lipid raft formation of dendritic cells. 28468968 2 47 theme switch-activated 257:272 arg1 SWAP-70 286:292 SWAP-70 286:292 SWAP-70 286:292 Earlier studies have suggested a role of switch-activated protein 70 (SWAP-70) in lipid raft formation of dendritic cells. 28468968 9 48 theme Poor 1075:1078 arg1 accumulation 1080:1091 Poor accumulation 1075:1091 Poor accumulation of Cers in Swap70 cells 1075:1115 Poor accumulation of Cers in Swap70 cells caused decreased apoptosis. 28468968 3 49 theme SWAP-70 426:432 arg1 role 418:421 the role 414:421 the role of SWAP-70 in lipid dynamics 414:450 We used lipidomics combined with genetic and biochemical assays to analyze the role of SWAP-70 in lipid dynamics. 28468968 4 50 theme physical 537:544 arg1 disruption 546:555 physical disruption 537:555 physical disruption of cell-cell contacts a tolerogenic stimulus 537:600 TLR activation using LPS as a ligand represented a pathogenic immunogenic stimulus, physical disruption of cell-cell contacts a tolerogenic stimulus. 28468968 4 50 theme physical 537:544 arg1 stimulus 527:534 a pathogenic immunogenic stimulus 502:534 a pathogenic immunogenic stimulus 502:534 TLR activation using LPS as a ligand represented a pathogenic immunogenic stimulus, physical disruption of cell-cell contacts a tolerogenic stimulus. 28468968 10 51 theme cells 1297:1301 arg1 composition 1266:1276 the lipid composition 1256:1276 the lipid composition of cultured CD11c+ cells 1256:1301 This shows that two different pathways of activation, immunogenic and tolerogenic, induce different changes in the lipid composition of cultured CD11c+ cells, and highlights the important role of SWAP-70 in Cer dynamics in dendritic cells. 28468968 3 52 theme biochemical 384:394 arg1 assays 396:401 genetic and biochemical assays 372:401 genetic and biochemical assays 372:401 We used lipidomics combined with genetic and biochemical assays to analyze the role of SWAP-70 in lipid dynamics. 28468968 10 53 theme dendritic 1368:1376 arg1 cells 1378:1382 dendritic cells 1368:1382 dendritic cells 1368:1382 This shows that two different pathways of activation, immunogenic and tolerogenic, induce different changes in the lipid composition of cultured CD11c+ cells, and highlights the important role of SWAP-70 in Cer dynamics in dendritic cells. 28468968 0 54 theme Immune 60:65 arg1 Cells 67:71 CD11c+ Immune Cells 53:71 CD11c+ Immune Cells 53:71 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles of CD11c+ Immune Cells and Control of Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics. 28468968 3 55 theme genetic 372:378 arg1 assays 396:401 genetic and biochemical assays 372:401 genetic and biochemical assays 372:401 We used lipidomics combined with genetic and biochemical assays to analyze the role of SWAP-70 in lipid dynamics. 28468968 5 56 theme cholesteryl 689:699 arg1 esters 701:706 cholesteryl esters 689:706 cholesteryl esters 689:706 Physical disruption, but not LPS, caused an increase of phosphatidylcholine ether and cholesteryl esters in CD11c+ immune cells. 28468968 5 57 from increase 647:654 arg1 cells 725:729 CD11c+ immune cells 711:729 CD11c+ immune cells 711:729 Physical disruption, but not LPS, caused an increase of phosphatidylcholine ether and cholesteryl esters in CD11c+ immune cells. 28468968 0 58 theme CD11c+ 53:58 arg1 Cells 67:71 CD11c+ Immune Cells 53:71 CD11c+ Immune Cells 53:71 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles of CD11c+ Immune Cells and Control of Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics. 28468968 5 59 theme esters 701:706 arg1 increase 647:654 an increase 644:654 an increase of phosphatidylcholine ether and cholesteryl esters in CD11c+ immune cells 644:729 Physical disruption, but not LPS, caused an increase of phosphatidylcholine ether and cholesteryl esters in CD11c+ immune cells. 28468968 7 60 from increase 837:844 arg1 membrane 883:890 the cell membrane 874:890 the cell membrane 874:890 SWAP-70 was required for regulating the increase and localization of Cers in the cell membrane. 28468968 10 61 theme different 1165:1173 arg1 pathways 1175:1182 two different pathways 1161:1182 two different pathways 1161:1182 This shows that two different pathways of activation, immunogenic and tolerogenic, induce different changes in the lipid composition of cultured CD11c+ cells, and highlights the important role of SWAP-70 in Cer dynamics in dendritic cells. 28468968 10 62 theme Cer 1352:1354 arg1 dynamics 1356:1363 Cer dynamics 1352:1363 Cer dynamics in dendritic cells 1352:1382 This shows that two different pathways of activation, immunogenic and tolerogenic, induce different changes in the lipid composition of cultured CD11c+ cells, and highlights the important role of SWAP-70 in Cer dynamics in dendritic cells. 28468968 10 63 theme immunogenic 1199:1209 arg1 pathways 1175:1182 two different pathways 1161:1182 two different pathways 1161:1182 This shows that two different pathways of activation, immunogenic and tolerogenic, induce different changes in the lipid composition of cultured CD11c+ cells, and highlights the important role of SWAP-70 in Cer dynamics in dendritic cells. 28468968 5 64 theme CD11c+ 711:716 arg1 cells 725:729 CD11c+ immune cells 711:729 CD11c+ immune cells 711:729 Physical disruption, but not LPS, caused an increase of phosphatidylcholine ether and cholesteryl esters in CD11c+ immune cells. 28468968 10 65 from role 1333:1336 arg1 dynamics 1356:1363 Cer dynamics 1352:1363 Cer dynamics in dendritic cells 1352:1382 This shows that two different pathways of activation, immunogenic and tolerogenic, induce different changes in the lipid composition of cultured CD11c+ cells, and highlights the important role of SWAP-70 in Cer dynamics in dendritic cells. 28468968 7 66 from localization 850:861 arg1 membrane 883:890 the cell membrane 874:890 the cell membrane 874:890 SWAP-70 was required for regulating the increase and localization of Cers in the cell membrane. 28468968 8 67 theme pH-dependent 953:964 arg1 activity 988:995 pH-dependent acid-sphingomyelinase activity 953:995 pH-dependent acid-sphingomyelinase activity 953:995 SWAP-70 controls Cer accumulation through the regulation of pH-dependent acid-sphingomyelinase activity and of RhoA-dependent transport of endosomal contents to the plasma membrane. 28468968 10 68 theme lipid 1260:1264 arg1 composition 1266:1276 the lipid composition 1256:1276 the lipid composition of cultured CD11c+ cells 1256:1301 This shows that two different pathways of activation, immunogenic and tolerogenic, induce different changes in the lipid composition of cultured CD11c+ cells, and highlights the important role of SWAP-70 in Cer dynamics in dendritic cells. 28468968 10 69 theme tolerogenic 1215:1225 arg1 pathways 1175:1182 two different pathways 1161:1182 two different pathways 1161:1182 This shows that two different pathways of activation, immunogenic and tolerogenic, induce different changes in the lipid composition of cultured CD11c+ cells, and highlights the important role of SWAP-70 in Cer dynamics in dendritic cells. 28468968 2 70 theme Earlier 216:222 arg1 studies 224:230 Earlier studies 216:230 Earlier studies 216:230 Earlier studies have suggested a role of switch-activated protein 70 (SWAP-70) in lipid raft formation of dendritic cells. 28468968 6 71 theme ceramide 747:754 arg1 increase 735:742 An increase 732:742 An increase of ceramide (Cer) 732:760 An increase of ceramide (Cer) was a hallmark for LPS activation. 28468968 6 71 theme ceramide 747:754 arg1 hallmark 768:775 a hallmark 766:775 a hallmark for LPS activation 766:794 An increase of ceramide (Cer) was a hallmark for LPS activation. 28468968 0 72 theme Cells 67:71 arg1 Control 77:83 Control 77:83 Control of Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics 77:131 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles of CD11c+ Immune Cells and Control of Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics. 28468968 0 72 theme Cells 67:71 arg1 Profiles 41:48 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles 0:48 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles of CD11c+ Immune Cells 0:71 Tolerogenic versus Immunogenic Lipidomic Profiles of CD11c+ Immune Cells and Control of Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Ceramide Dynamics. 28468968 4 73 theme pathogenic 504:513 arg1 disruption 546:555 physical disruption 537:555 physical disruption of cell-cell contacts a tolerogenic stimulus 537:600 TLR activation using LPS as a ligand represented a pathogenic immunogenic stimulus, physical disruption of cell-cell contacts a tolerogenic stimulus. 28468968 4 73 theme pathogenic 504:513 arg1 stimulus 527:534 a pathogenic immunogenic stimulus 502:534 a pathogenic immunogenic stimulus 502:534 TLR activation using LPS as a ligand represented a pathogenic immunogenic stimulus, physical disruption of cell-cell contacts a tolerogenic stimulus. 28468968 2 74 theme protein 274:280 arg1 role 249:252 a role 247:252 a role of switch-activated protein 70 (SWAP-70) in lipid raft formation of dendritic cells 247:336 Earlier studies have suggested a role of switch-activated protein 70 (SWAP-70) in lipid raft formation of dendritic cells. 28468968 8 75 theme activity 988:995 arg1 regulation 939:948 the regulation 935:948 the regulation of pH-dependent acid-sphingomyelinase activity and of RhoA-dependent transport of endosomal contents to the plasma membrane 935:1072 SWAP-70 controls Cer accumulation through the regulation of pH-dependent acid-sphingomyelinase activity and of RhoA-dependent transport of endosomal contents to the plasma membrane. 28468968 1 76 theme membrane 152:159 arg1 properties 161:170 the membrane properties 148:170 the membrane properties determining essential biological processes 148:213 Lipids affect the membrane properties determining essential biological processes. 28468968 7 77 theme cell 878:881 arg1 membrane 883:890 the cell membrane 874:890 the cell membrane 874:890 SWAP-70 was required for regulating the increase and localization of Cers in the cell membrane. 28468968 10 78 theme activation 1187:1196 arg1 pathways 1175:1182 two different pathways 1161:1182 two different pathways 1161:1182 This shows that two different pathways of activation, immunogenic and tolerogenic, induce different changes in the lipid composition of cultured CD11c+ cells, and highlights the important role of SWAP-70 in Cer dynamics in dendritic cells. 25458313 0 0 theme helper 80:85 arg1 induction 95:103 T helper 17 cell induction 78:103 T helper 17 cell induction 78:103 Increased inflammasome related gene expression profile in PBMC may facilitate T helper 17 cell induction in multiple sclerosis. 25458313 7 1 theme immune 1099:1104 arg1 calcitriol 1116:1125 the immune modulator calcitriol 1095:1125 the immune modulator calcitriol 1095:1125 Moreover, addition of the immune modulator calcitriol to the former condition resulted in reduced frequencies of Th17 and GM-CSF+Th17 cells, and also of IL-10+ Th cells. 25458313 8 2 theme Th 1312:1313 arg1 population 1320:1329 the Th cell population 1308:1329 the Th cell population toward a more pro-inflammatory composition, an effect that might be inhibited by vitamin D 1308:1420 Evidently, our data indicate that inflammasome activity can skew the Th cell population toward a more pro-inflammatory composition, an effect that might be inhibited by vitamin D, and that might be importantly involved in inflammation within the central nervous system. 25458313 6 3 theme Th17 897:900 arg1 frequencies 907:917 GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies 889:917 GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies 889:917 Th cells cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC showed increased Th17 and GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies in HC and MS patients and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency in HC compared to Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant. 25458313 0 4 theme T 78:78 arg1 helper 80:85 T helper 17 78:88 T helper 17 cell induction 78:103 Increased inflammasome related gene expression profile in PBMC may facilitate T helper 17 cell induction in multiple sclerosis. 25458313 4 5 theme inflammasome 453:464 arg1 ratio 526:530 the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio 509:530 the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio 509:530 In the present study, we show that expression of the inflammasome related genes, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio, was increased in PBMC from MS patients compared to healthy controls (HC). 25458313 4 5 theme inflammasome 453:464 arg1 caspase-1 488:496 caspase-1 488:496 caspase-1 488:496 In the present study, we show that expression of the inflammasome related genes, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio, was increased in PBMC from MS patients compared to healthy controls (HC). 25458313 4 5 theme inflammasome 453:464 arg1 NLRP3 481:485 NLRP3 481:485 NLRP3 481:485 In the present study, we show that expression of the inflammasome related genes, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio, was increased in PBMC from MS patients compared to healthy controls (HC). 25458313 4 5 theme inflammasome 453:464 arg1 genes 474:478 the inflammasome related genes 449:478 the inflammasome related genes 449:478 In the present study, we show that expression of the inflammasome related genes, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio, was increased in PBMC from MS patients compared to healthy controls (HC). 25458313 4 5 theme inflammasome 453:464 arg1 IL-1β 499:503 IL-1β 499:503 IL-1β 499:503 In the present study, we show that expression of the inflammasome related genes, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio, was increased in PBMC from MS patients compared to healthy controls (HC). 25458313 7 6 theme former 1134:1139 arg1 condition 1141:1149 the former condition 1130:1149 the former condition 1130:1149 Moreover, addition of the immune modulator calcitriol to the former condition resulted in reduced frequencies of Th17 and GM-CSF+Th17 cells, and also of IL-10+ Th cells. 25458313 6 7 theme GM-CSF+ 889:895 arg1 frequencies 907:917 GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies 889:917 GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies 889:917 Th cells cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC showed increased Th17 and GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies in HC and MS patients and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency in HC compared to Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant. 25458313 0 8 theme cell 90:93 arg1 induction 95:103 T helper 17 cell induction 78:103 T helper 17 cell induction 78:103 Increased inflammasome related gene expression profile in PBMC may facilitate T helper 17 cell induction in multiple sclerosis. 25458313 6 9 attach derived 814:820 arg2 supernatant 802:812 supernatant 802:812 supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC 802:861 Th cells cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC showed increased Th17 and GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies in HC and MS patients and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency in HC compared to Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant. 25458313 6 9 attach derived 814:820 arg1 PBMC 858:861 LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC 827:861 LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC 827:861 Th cells cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC showed increased Th17 and GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies in HC and MS patients and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency in HC compared to Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant. 25458313 6 10 dep supernatant 802:812 arg1 presence 790:797 presence 790:797 presence 790:797 Th cells cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC showed increased Th17 and GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies in HC and MS patients and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency in HC compared to Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant. 25458313 6 10 dep supernatant 802:812 arg1 the 786:788 the 786:788 the 786:788 Th cells cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC showed increased Th17 and GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies in HC and MS patients and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency in HC compared to Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant. 25458313 0 11 theme Increased 0:8 arg1 profile 47:53 Increased inflammasome related gene expression profile 0:53 Increased inflammasome related gene expression profile in PBMC 0:61 Increased inflammasome related gene expression profile in PBMC may facilitate T helper 17 cell induction in multiple sclerosis. 25458313 4 12 theme IL-1β/IL-1Ra 513:524 arg1 ratio 526:530 the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio 509:530 the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio 509:530 In the present study, we show that expression of the inflammasome related genes, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio, was increased in PBMC from MS patients compared to healthy controls (HC). 25458313 4 12 theme IL-1β/IL-1Ra 513:524 arg1 genes 474:478 the inflammasome related genes 449:478 the inflammasome related genes 449:478 In the present study, we show that expression of the inflammasome related genes, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio, was increased in PBMC from MS patients compared to healthy controls (HC). 25458313 5 13 theme inflammasome 631:642 arg1 assay 653:657 an in vitro inflammasome activity assay 619:657 an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC 619:667 However, in an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC, IL-1β protein secretion and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio were similar in MS patients and HC. 25458313 6 14 theme cell 982:985 arg1 frequency 987:995 anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency 955:995 anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency 955:995 Th cells cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC showed increased Th17 and GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies in HC and MS patients and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency in HC compared to Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant. 25458313 6 15 theme supernatant 1060:1070 arg1 presence 1040:1047 the presence 1036:1047 the presence of control supernatant 1036:1070 Th cells cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC showed increased Th17 and GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies in HC and MS patients and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency in HC compared to Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant. 25458313 6 16 theme anti-inflammatory 955:971 arg1 frequency 987:995 anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency 955:995 anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency 955:995 Th cells cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC showed increased Th17 and GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies in HC and MS patients and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency in HC compared to Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant. 25458313 1 17 theme macromolecular 156:169 arg1 inflammasome 138:149 The NLRP3 inflammasome 128:149 The NLRP3 inflammasome 128:149 The NLRP3 inflammasome is a macromolecular complex importantly involved in IL-1β processing. 25458313 1 17 theme macromolecular 156:169 arg1 complex 171:177 a macromolecular complex 154:177 a macromolecular complex importantly involved in IL-1β processing 154:218 The NLRP3 inflammasome is a macromolecular complex importantly involved in IL-1β processing. 25458313 5 18 theme activity 644:651 arg1 assay 653:657 an in vitro inflammasome activity assay 619:657 an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC 619:667 However, in an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC, IL-1β protein secretion and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio were similar in MS patients and HC. 25458313 0 19 from profile 47:53 arg1 PBMC 58:61 PBMC 58:61 PBMC 58:61 Increased inflammasome related gene expression profile in PBMC may facilitate T helper 17 cell induction in multiple sclerosis. 25458313 8 20 theme nervous 1497:1503 arg1 system 1505:1510 the central nervous system 1485:1510 the central nervous system 1485:1510 Evidently, our data indicate that inflammasome activity can skew the Th cell population toward a more pro-inflammatory composition, an effect that might be inhibited by vitamin D, and that might be importantly involved in inflammation within the central nervous system. 25458313 2 21 theme multiple 259:266 arg1 MS 279:280 MS 279:280 MS 279:280 A role for this has been described in multiple sclerosis (MS). 25458313 2 21 theme multiple 259:266 arg1 sclerosis 268:276 multiple sclerosis 259:276 multiple sclerosis (MS) 259:281 A role for this has been described in multiple sclerosis (MS). 25458313 6 22 theme IL-10+Th 973:980 arg1 frequency 987:995 anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency 955:995 anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency 955:995 Th cells cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC showed increased Th17 and GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies in HC and MS patients and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency in HC compared to Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant. 25458313 0 23 theme inflammasome 10:21 arg1 profile 47:53 Increased inflammasome related gene expression profile 0:53 Increased inflammasome related gene expression profile in PBMC 0:61 Increased inflammasome related gene expression profile in PBMC may facilitate T helper 17 cell induction in multiple sclerosis. 25458313 6 24 theme Th 765:766 arg1 cells 768:772 Th cells 765:772 Th cells cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC 765:861 Th cells cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC showed increased Th17 and GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies in HC and MS patients and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency in HC compared to Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant. 25458313 7 25 theme modulator 1106:1114 arg1 calcitriol 1116:1125 the immune modulator calcitriol 1095:1125 the immune modulator calcitriol 1095:1125 Moreover, addition of the immune modulator calcitriol to the former condition resulted in reduced frequencies of Th17 and GM-CSF+Th17 cells, and also of IL-10+ Th cells. 25458313 3 26 theme GM-CSF+ 380:386 arg1 cells 393:397 GM-CSF+ Th17 cells 380:397 GM-CSF+ Th17 cells 380:397 One mechanism by which IL-1β might be involved in MS is by inducing pathogenic Th17 cells, i.e. GM-CSF+ Th17 cells. 25458313 3 27 theme pathogenic 352:361 arg1 cells 368:372 pathogenic Th17 cells 352:372 pathogenic Th17 cells 352:372 One mechanism by which IL-1β might be involved in MS is by inducing pathogenic Th17 cells, i.e. GM-CSF+ Th17 cells. 25458313 6 28 dep showed 863:868 arg1 decreased 945:953 decreased 945:953 decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency in HC compared to Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant 945:1070 Th cells cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC showed increased Th17 and GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies in HC and MS patients and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency in HC compared to Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant. 25458313 6 28 dep showed 863:868 arg1 increased 870:878 increased 870:878 increased Th17 and GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies in HC and MS patients 870:939 Th cells cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC showed increased Th17 and GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies in HC and MS patients and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency in HC compared to Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant. 25458313 4 29 from patients 563:570 arg1 PBMC 550:553 PBMC 550:553 PBMC from MS patients 550:570 In the present study, we show that expression of the inflammasome related genes, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio, was increased in PBMC from MS patients compared to healthy controls (HC). 25458313 3 30 theme Th17 388:391 arg1 cells 393:397 GM-CSF+ Th17 cells 380:397 GM-CSF+ Th17 cells 380:397 One mechanism by which IL-1β might be involved in MS is by inducing pathogenic Th17 cells, i.e. GM-CSF+ Th17 cells. 25458313 0 31 theme gene 31:34 arg1 profile 47:53 Increased inflammasome related gene expression profile 0:53 Increased inflammasome related gene expression profile in PBMC 0:61 Increased inflammasome related gene expression profile in PBMC may facilitate T helper 17 cell induction in multiple sclerosis. 25458313 5 32 theme IL-1β/IL-1Ra 702:713 arg1 similar 734:740 similar 734:740 similar 734:740 However, in an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC, IL-1β protein secretion and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio were similar in MS patients and HC. 25458313 5 32 theme IL-1β/IL-1Ra 702:713 arg1 ratio 723:727 the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio 698:727 the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio 698:727 However, in an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC, IL-1β protein secretion and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio were similar in MS patients and HC. 25458313 8 33 theme inflammasome 1277:1288 arg1 activity 1290:1297 inflammasome activity 1277:1297 inflammasome activity 1277:1297 Evidently, our data indicate that inflammasome activity can skew the Th cell population toward a more pro-inflammatory composition, an effect that might be inhibited by vitamin D, and that might be importantly involved in inflammation within the central nervous system. 25458313 7 34 theme GM-CSF+Th17 1195:1205 arg1 cells 1207:1211 GM-CSF+Th17 cells 1195:1211 GM-CSF+Th17 cells 1195:1211 Moreover, addition of the immune modulator calcitriol to the former condition resulted in reduced frequencies of Th17 and GM-CSF+Th17 cells, and also of IL-10+ Th cells. 25458313 0 35 theme related 23:29 arg1 profile 47:53 Increased inflammasome related gene expression profile 0:53 Increased inflammasome related gene expression profile in PBMC 0:61 Increased inflammasome related gene expression profile in PBMC may facilitate T helper 17 cell induction in multiple sclerosis. 25458313 0 36 theme multiple 108:115 arg1 sclerosis 117:125 multiple sclerosis 108:125 multiple sclerosis 108:125 Increased inflammasome related gene expression profile in PBMC may facilitate T helper 17 cell induction in multiple sclerosis. 25458313 1 37 theme IL-1β 203:207 arg1 processing 209:218 IL-1β processing 203:218 IL-1β processing 203:218 The NLRP3 inflammasome is a macromolecular complex importantly involved in IL-1β processing. 25458313 5 38 theme IL-1β 670:674 arg1 secretion 684:692 IL-1β protein secretion 670:692 IL-1β protein secretion 670:692 However, in an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC, IL-1β protein secretion and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio were similar in MS patients and HC. 25458313 6 39 theme activated 848:856 arg1 PBMC 858:861 LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC 827:861 LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC 827:861 Th cells cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC showed increased Th17 and GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies in HC and MS patients and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency in HC compared to Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant. 25458313 7 40 theme Th17 1186:1189 arg1 frequencies 1171:1181 reduced frequencies 1163:1181 reduced frequencies of Th17 and GM-CSF+Th17 cells, and also of IL-10+ Th cells 1163:1240 Moreover, addition of the immune modulator calcitriol to the former condition resulted in reduced frequencies of Th17 and GM-CSF+Th17 cells, and also of IL-10+ Th cells. 25458313 4 41 theme healthy 584:590 arg1 HC 602:603 HC 602:603 HC 602:603 In the present study, we show that expression of the inflammasome related genes, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio, was increased in PBMC from MS patients compared to healthy controls (HC). 25458313 4 41 theme healthy 584:590 arg1 controls 592:599 healthy controls 584:599 healthy controls (HC) 584:604 In the present study, we show that expression of the inflammasome related genes, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio, was increased in PBMC from MS patients compared to healthy controls (HC). 25458313 6 42 theme MS 929:930 arg1 patients 932:939 HC and MS patients 922:939 patients 932:939 Th cells cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC showed increased Th17 and GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies in HC and MS patients and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency in HC compared to Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant. 25458313 0 43 theme expression 36:45 arg1 profile 47:53 Increased inflammasome related gene expression profile 0:53 Increased inflammasome related gene expression profile in PBMC 0:61 Increased inflammasome related gene expression profile in PBMC may facilitate T helper 17 cell induction in multiple sclerosis. 25458313 4 44 theme genes 474:478 arg1 expression 435:444 expression 435:444 expression of the inflammasome related genes, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio, 435:531 In the present study, we show that expression of the inflammasome related genes, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio, was increased in PBMC from MS patients compared to healthy controls (HC). 25458313 5 45 theme protein 676:682 arg1 secretion 684:692 IL-1β protein secretion 670:692 IL-1β protein secretion 670:692 However, in an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC, IL-1β protein secretion and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio were similar in MS patients and HC. 25458313 5 46 theme protein 715:721 arg1 similar 734:740 similar 734:740 similar 734:740 However, in an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC, IL-1β protein secretion and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio were similar in MS patients and HC. 25458313 5 46 theme protein 715:721 arg1 ratio 723:727 the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio 698:727 the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio 698:727 However, in an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC, IL-1β protein secretion and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio were similar in MS patients and HC. 25458313 4 47 theme MS 560:561 arg1 patients 563:570 MS patients 560:570 MS patients 560:570 In the present study, we show that expression of the inflammasome related genes, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio, was increased in PBMC from MS patients compared to healthy controls (HC). 25458313 3 48 theme Th17 363:366 arg1 cells 368:372 pathogenic Th17 cells 352:372 pathogenic Th17 cells 352:372 One mechanism by which IL-1β might be involved in MS is by inducing pathogenic Th17 cells, i.e. GM-CSF+ Th17 cells. 25458313 4 49 theme related 466:472 arg1 ratio 526:530 the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio 509:530 the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio 509:530 In the present study, we show that expression of the inflammasome related genes, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio, was increased in PBMC from MS patients compared to healthy controls (HC). 25458313 4 49 theme related 466:472 arg1 caspase-1 488:496 caspase-1 488:496 caspase-1 488:496 In the present study, we show that expression of the inflammasome related genes, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio, was increased in PBMC from MS patients compared to healthy controls (HC). 25458313 4 49 theme related 466:472 arg1 NLRP3 481:485 NLRP3 481:485 NLRP3 481:485 In the present study, we show that expression of the inflammasome related genes, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio, was increased in PBMC from MS patients compared to healthy controls (HC). 25458313 4 49 theme related 466:472 arg1 genes 474:478 the inflammasome related genes 449:478 the inflammasome related genes 449:478 In the present study, we show that expression of the inflammasome related genes, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio, was increased in PBMC from MS patients compared to healthy controls (HC). 25458313 4 49 theme related 466:472 arg1 IL-1β 499:503 IL-1β 499:503 IL-1β 499:503 In the present study, we show that expression of the inflammasome related genes, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio, was increased in PBMC from MS patients compared to healthy controls (HC). 25458313 7 50 theme IL-10+ 1226:1231 arg1 cells 1236:1240 IL-10+ Th cells 1226:1240 IL-10+ Th cells 1226:1240 Moreover, addition of the immune modulator calcitriol to the former condition resulted in reduced frequencies of Th17 and GM-CSF+Th17 cells, and also of IL-10+ Th cells. 25458313 4 51 theme present 407:413 arg1 study 415:419 the present study 403:419 the present study 403:419 In the present study, we show that expression of the inflammasome related genes, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio, was increased in PBMC from MS patients compared to healthy controls (HC). 25458313 3 52 dep cells 393:397 arg1 i.e. 375:378 i.e. 375:378 i.e. 375:378 One mechanism by which IL-1β might be involved in MS is by inducing pathogenic Th17 cells, i.e. GM-CSF+ Th17 cells. 25458313 8 53 theme vitamin 1412:1418 arg1 D 1420:1420 vitamin D 1412:1420 vitamin D 1412:1420 Evidently, our data indicate that inflammasome activity can skew the Th cell population toward a more pro-inflammatory composition, an effect that might be inhibited by vitamin D, and that might be importantly involved in inflammation within the central nervous system. 25458313 6 54 theme inflammasome 835:846 arg1 PBMC 858:861 LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC 827:861 LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC 827:861 Th cells cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC showed increased Th17 and GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies in HC and MS patients and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency in HC compared to Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant. 25458313 8 55 theme pro-inflammatory 1345:1360 arg1 composition 1362:1372 a more pro-inflammatory composition 1338:1372 a more pro-inflammatory composition 1338:1372 Evidently, our data indicate that inflammasome activity can skew the Th cell population toward a more pro-inflammatory composition, an effect that might be inhibited by vitamin D, and that might be importantly involved in inflammation within the central nervous system. 25458313 8 55 theme pro-inflammatory 1345:1360 arg1 effect 1378:1383 an effect 1375:1383 an effect that might be inhibited by vitamin D 1375:1420 Evidently, our data indicate that inflammasome activity can skew the Th cell population toward a more pro-inflammatory composition, an effect that might be inhibited by vitamin D, and that might be importantly involved in inflammation within the central nervous system. 25458313 5 56 theme in 622:623 arg1 assay 653:657 an in vitro inflammasome activity assay 619:657 an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC 619:667 However, in an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC, IL-1β protein secretion and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio were similar in MS patients and HC. 25458313 8 57 theme central 1489:1495 arg1 system 1505:1510 the central nervous system 1485:1510 the central nervous system 1485:1510 Evidently, our data indicate that inflammasome activity can skew the Th cell population toward a more pro-inflammatory composition, an effect that might be inhibited by vitamin D, and that might be importantly involved in inflammation within the central nervous system. 25458313 8 58 theme cell 1315:1318 arg1 population 1320:1329 the Th cell population 1308:1329 the Th cell population toward a more pro-inflammatory composition, an effect that might be inhibited by vitamin D 1308:1420 Evidently, our data indicate that inflammasome activity can skew the Th cell population toward a more pro-inflammatory composition, an effect that might be inhibited by vitamin D, and that might be importantly involved in inflammation within the central nervous system. 25458313 5 59 dep in 622:623 arg1 vitro 625:629 vitro 625:629 vitro 625:629 However, in an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC, IL-1β protein secretion and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio were similar in MS patients and HC. 25458313 7 60 theme cells 1236:1240 arg1 frequencies 1171:1181 reduced frequencies 1163:1181 reduced frequencies of Th17 and GM-CSF+Th17 cells, and also of IL-10+ Th cells 1163:1240 Moreover, addition of the immune modulator calcitriol to the former condition resulted in reduced frequencies of Th17 and GM-CSF+Th17 cells, and also of IL-10+ Th cells. 25458313 5 61 from similar 734:740 arg1 HC 761:762 HC 761:762 HC 761:762 However, in an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC, IL-1β protein secretion and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio were similar in MS patients and HC. 25458313 5 61 from similar 734:740 arg1 patients 748:755 MS patients 745:755 MS patients 745:755 However, in an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC, IL-1β protein secretion and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio were similar in MS patients and HC. 25458313 5 61 from similar 734:740 arg1 assay 653:657 an in vitro inflammasome activity assay 619:657 an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC 619:667 However, in an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC, IL-1β protein secretion and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio were similar in MS patients and HC. 25458313 6 62 theme Th 1015:1016 arg1 cells 1018:1022 Th cells 1015:1022 Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant 1015:1070 Th cells cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC showed increased Th17 and GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies in HC and MS patients and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency in HC compared to Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant. 25458313 6 63 theme HC 922:923 arg1 patients 932:939 HC and MS patients 922:939 patients 932:939 Th cells cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC showed increased Th17 and GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies in HC and MS patients and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency in HC compared to Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant. 25458313 6 64 theme control 1052:1058 arg1 supernatant 1060:1070 control supernatant 1052:1070 control supernatant 1052:1070 Th cells cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC showed increased Th17 and GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies in HC and MS patients and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency in HC compared to Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant. 25458313 5 65 from assay 653:657 arg1 similar 734:740 similar 734:740 similar 734:740 However, in an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC, IL-1β protein secretion and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio were similar in MS patients and HC. 25458313 5 65 from assay 653:657 arg1 ratio 723:727 the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio 698:727 the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio 698:727 However, in an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC, IL-1β protein secretion and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio were similar in MS patients and HC. 25458313 5 66 from HC 761:762 arg1 similar 734:740 similar 734:740 similar 734:740 However, in an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC, IL-1β protein secretion and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio were similar in MS patients and HC. 25458313 5 66 from HC 761:762 arg1 ratio 723:727 the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio 698:727 the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio 698:727 However, in an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC, IL-1β protein secretion and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio were similar in MS patients and HC. 25458313 7 67 theme reduced 1163:1169 arg1 frequencies 1171:1181 reduced frequencies 1163:1181 reduced frequencies of Th17 and GM-CSF+Th17 cells, and also of IL-10+ Th cells 1163:1240 Moreover, addition of the immune modulator calcitriol to the former condition resulted in reduced frequencies of Th17 and GM-CSF+Th17 cells, and also of IL-10+ Th cells. 25458313 7 68 theme calcitriol 1116:1125 arg1 addition 1083:1090 addition 1083:1090 addition of the immune modulator calcitriol to the former condition 1083:1149 Moreover, addition of the immune modulator calcitriol to the former condition resulted in reduced frequencies of Th17 and GM-CSF+Th17 cells, and also of IL-10+ Th cells. 25458313 5 69 theme MS 745:746 arg1 patients 748:755 MS patients 745:755 MS patients 745:755 However, in an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC, IL-1β protein secretion and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio were similar in MS patients and HC. 25458313 5 70 with assay 653:657 arg1 PBMC 664:667 PBMC 664:667 PBMC 664:667 However, in an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC, IL-1β protein secretion and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio were similar in MS patients and HC. 25458313 1 71 theme NLRP3 132:136 arg1 inflammasome 138:149 The NLRP3 inflammasome 128:149 The NLRP3 inflammasome 128:149 The NLRP3 inflammasome is a macromolecular complex importantly involved in IL-1β processing. 25458313 1 71 theme NLRP3 132:136 arg1 complex 171:177 a macromolecular complex 154:177 a macromolecular complex importantly involved in IL-1β processing 154:218 The NLRP3 inflammasome is a macromolecular complex importantly involved in IL-1β processing. 25458313 7 72 theme Th 1233:1234 arg1 cells 1236:1240 IL-10+ Th cells 1226:1240 IL-10+ Th cells 1226:1240 Moreover, addition of the immune modulator calcitriol to the former condition resulted in reduced frequencies of Th17 and GM-CSF+Th17 cells, and also of IL-10+ Th cells. 25458313 5 73 from patients 748:755 arg1 similar 734:740 similar 734:740 similar 734:740 However, in an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC, IL-1β protein secretion and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio were similar in MS patients and HC. 25458313 5 73 from patients 748:755 arg1 ratio 723:727 the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio 698:727 the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio 698:727 However, in an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC, IL-1β protein secretion and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio were similar in MS patients and HC. 25458313 6 74 theme LPS/ATP 827:833 arg1 PBMC 858:861 LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC 827:861 LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC 827:861 Th cells cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC showed increased Th17 and GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies in HC and MS patients and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency in HC compared to Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant. 25458313 6 75 theme cell 902:905 arg1 frequencies 907:917 GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies 889:917 GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies 889:917 Th cells cultured in the presence of supernatant derived from LPS/ATP inflammasome activated PBMC showed increased Th17 and GM-CSF+ Th17 cell frequencies in HC and MS patients and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10+Th cell frequency in HC compared to Th cells cultured in the presence of control supernatant. 28793197 0 0 theme anion/reactive 108:121 arg1 species 130:136 superoxide anion/reactive oxygen species 97:136 superoxide anion/reactive oxygen species 97:136 Glycosylation with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine induces vascular dysfunction via production of superoxide anion/reactive oxygen species. 28793197 6 1 theme protein 1215:1221 arg1 expression 1223:1232 Nox-4 protein expression 1209:1232 Nox-4 protein expression 1209:1232 Additionally, PUGNAc treatment increased Nox-1 and Nox-4 protein expression in aortas and VSMCs. 28793197 1 2 theme endothelial 283:293 arg1 dysfunction 295:305 endothelial dysfunction 283:305 endothelial dysfunction 283:305 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 0 3 theme superoxide 97:106 arg1 species 130:136 superoxide anion/reactive oxygen species 97:136 superoxide anion/reactive oxygen species 97:136 Glycosylation with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine induces vascular dysfunction via production of superoxide anion/reactive oxygen species. 28793197 1 4 mod modification 227:238 arg1 anion 168:172 superoxide anion 157:172 superoxide anion (•O2-) 157:179 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 1 4 mod modification 227:238 arg3 β-N-acetylglucosamine 194:214 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 185:238 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system 185:261 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 1 4 mod modification 227:238 arg3 O-GlcNAc 217:224 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 185:238 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system 185:261 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 1 4 mod modification 227:238 arg1 •O2- 175:178 •O2- 175:178 •O2- 175:178 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 8 5 theme O-GlcNAc 1511:1518 arg1 levels 1528:1533 O-GlcNAc protein levels 1511:1533 O-GlcNAc protein levels 1511:1533 VSMCs displayed increased p22phox protein expression after PUGNAc incubation, suggesting that NADPH oxidase is activated in conditions where O-GlcNAc protein levels are increased. 28793197 0 6 theme species 130:136 arg1 production 83:92 production 83:92 production of superoxide anion/reactive oxygen species 83:136 Glycosylation with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine induces vascular dysfunction via production of superoxide anion/reactive oxygen species. 28793197 2 7 theme •O2- 407:410 arg1 production 412:421 •O2- production 407:421 •O2- production 407:421 This study tested the hypothesis that increased levels of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins contribute to •O2- production via activation of NADPH oxidase, resulting in impaired vasodilation. 28793197 0 8 link O-linked 19:26 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 28:48 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 19:48 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 19:48 Glycosylation with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine induces vascular dysfunction via production of superoxide anion/reactive oxygen species. 28793197 5 9 theme dihydroethidium 1045:1059 arg1 fluorescence 1061:1072 dihydroethidium fluorescence 1045:1072 dihydroethidium fluorescence 1045:1072 Aortic segments incubated with PUGNAc also exhibited increased levels of reactive oxygen species, assessed by dihydroethidium fluorescence, and augmented •O2- production, determined by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. 28793197 4 10 from levels 736:741 arg1 VSMC 746:749 VSMC 746:749 VSMC 746:749 PUGNAc produced a time-dependent increase in O-GlcNAc levels in VSMC and decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation, which was prevented by apocynin and tiron, suggesting that •O2- contributes to endothelial dysfunction under augmented O-GlcNAc levels. 28793197 0 11 theme oxygen 123:128 arg1 species 130:136 superoxide anion/reactive oxygen species 97:136 superoxide anion/reactive oxygen species 97:136 Glycosylation with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine induces vascular dysfunction via production of superoxide anion/reactive oxygen species. 28793197 3 12 theme O- 595:596 arg1 PUGNAc 664:669 PUGNAc 664:669 PUGNAc 664:669 Rat aortic segments and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were incubated with vehicle (methanol) or O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidenamino) N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc) (100 μM). 28793197 3 12 theme O- 595:596 arg1 N-phenylcarbamate 645:661 O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidenamino) N-phenylcarbamate 595:661 O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidenamino) N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc) (100 μM) 595:679 Rat aortic segments and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were incubated with vehicle (methanol) or O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidenamino) N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc) (100 μM). 28793197 3 12 theme O- 595:596 arg1 μM 677:678 100 μM 673:678 100 μM 673:678 Rat aortic segments and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were incubated with vehicle (methanol) or O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidenamino) N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc) (100 μM). 28793197 8 13 theme protein 1520:1526 arg1 levels 1528:1533 O-GlcNAc protein levels 1511:1533 O-GlcNAc protein levels 1511:1533 VSMCs displayed increased p22phox protein expression after PUGNAc incubation, suggesting that NADPH oxidase is activated in conditions where O-GlcNAc protein levels are increased. 28793197 8 14 theme NADPH 1464:1468 arg1 oxidase 1470:1476 NADPH oxidase 1464:1476 NADPH oxidase 1464:1476 VSMCs displayed increased p22phox protein expression after PUGNAc incubation, suggesting that NADPH oxidase is activated in conditions where O-GlcNAc protein levels are increased. 28793197 5 15 theme oxygen 1017:1022 arg1 species 1024:1030 reactive oxygen species 1008:1030 reactive oxygen species 1008:1030 Aortic segments incubated with PUGNAc also exhibited increased levels of reactive oxygen species, assessed by dihydroethidium fluorescence, and augmented •O2- production, determined by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. 28793197 4 16 theme O-GlcNAc 918:925 arg1 levels 927:932 augmented O-GlcNAc levels 908:932 augmented O-GlcNAc levels 908:932 PUGNAc produced a time-dependent increase in O-GlcNAc levels in VSMC and decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation, which was prevented by apocynin and tiron, suggesting that •O2- contributes to endothelial dysfunction under augmented O-GlcNAc levels. 28793197 3 17 theme muscle 532:537 arg1 VSMCs 546:550 VSMCs 546:550 VSMCs 546:550 Rat aortic segments and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were incubated with vehicle (methanol) or O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidenamino) N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc) (100 μM). 28793197 3 17 theme muscle 532:537 arg1 cells 539:543 vascular smooth muscle cells 516:543 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) 516:551 Rat aortic segments and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were incubated with vehicle (methanol) or O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidenamino) N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc) (100 μM). 28793197 8 18 theme increased 1386:1394 arg1 expression 1412:1421 increased p22phox protein expression 1386:1421 increased p22phox protein expression 1386:1421 VSMCs displayed increased p22phox protein expression after PUGNAc incubation, suggesting that NADPH oxidase is activated in conditions where O-GlcNAc protein levels are increased. 28793197 2 19 theme NADPH 441:445 arg1 oxidase 447:453 NADPH oxidase 441:453 NADPH oxidase 441:453 This study tested the hypothesis that increased levels of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins contribute to •O2- production via activation of NADPH oxidase, resulting in impaired vasodilation. 28793197 1 20 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 194:214 arg1 contributors 267:278 contributors 267:278 contributors to endothelial dysfunction 267:305 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 1 20 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 194:214 arg1 modification 227:238 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 185:238 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system 185:261 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 1 20 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 194:214 arg1 Overproduction 139:152 Overproduction 139:152 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) 139:179 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 9 21 theme O-GlcNAc 1565:1572 arg1 levels 1574:1579 O-GlcNAc levels 1565:1579 O-GlcNAc levels 1565:1579 In conclusion, O-GlcNAc levels reduce endothelium-dependent relaxation by overproduction of •O2- via activation of NADPH oxidase. 28793197 5 22 theme increased 988:996 arg1 levels 998:1003 increased levels 988:1003 increased levels of reactive oxygen species, assessed by dihydroethidium fluorescence, 988:1073 Aortic segments incubated with PUGNAc also exhibited increased levels of reactive oxygen species, assessed by dihydroethidium fluorescence, and augmented •O2- production, determined by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. 28793197 4 23 theme augmented 908:916 arg1 levels 927:932 augmented O-GlcNAc levels 908:932 augmented O-GlcNAc levels 908:932 PUGNAc produced a time-dependent increase in O-GlcNAc levels in VSMC and decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation, which was prevented by apocynin and tiron, suggesting that •O2- contributes to endothelial dysfunction under augmented O-GlcNAc levels. 28793197 5 24 theme species 1024:1030 arg1 levels 998:1003 increased levels 988:1003 increased levels of reactive oxygen species, assessed by dihydroethidium fluorescence, 988:1073 Aortic segments incubated with PUGNAc also exhibited increased levels of reactive oxygen species, assessed by dihydroethidium fluorescence, and augmented •O2- production, determined by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. 28793197 4 25 from increase 715:722 arg1 levels 736:741 O-GlcNAc levels 727:741 O-GlcNAc levels in VSMC 727:749 PUGNAc produced a time-dependent increase in O-GlcNAc levels in VSMC and decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation, which was prevented by apocynin and tiron, suggesting that •O2- contributes to endothelial dysfunction under augmented O-GlcNAc levels. 28793197 2 26 theme oxidase 447:453 arg1 activation 427:436 activation 427:436 activation of NADPH oxidase 427:453 This study tested the hypothesis that increased levels of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins contribute to •O2- production via activation of NADPH oxidase, resulting in impaired vasodilation. 28793197 7 27 from cytosol 1301:1307 arg1 Translocation 1255:1267 Translocation 1255:1267 Translocation of the p47phox subunit from the cytosol to the membrane 1255:1323 Translocation of the p47phox subunit from the cytosol to the membrane was greater in aortas incubated with PUGNAc. 28793197 3 28 theme 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidenamino 598:642 arg1 PUGNAc 664:669 PUGNAc 664:669 PUGNAc 664:669 Rat aortic segments and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were incubated with vehicle (methanol) or O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidenamino) N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc) (100 μM). 28793197 3 28 theme 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidenamino 598:642 arg1 N-phenylcarbamate 645:661 O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidenamino) N-phenylcarbamate 595:661 O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidenamino) N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc) (100 μM) 595:679 Rat aortic segments and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were incubated with vehicle (methanol) or O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidenamino) N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc) (100 μM). 28793197 3 28 theme 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidenamino 598:642 arg1 μM 677:678 100 μM 673:678 100 μM 673:678 Rat aortic segments and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were incubated with vehicle (methanol) or O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidenamino) N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc) (100 μM). 28793197 6 29 theme Nox-4 1209:1213 arg1 expression 1223:1232 Nox-4 protein expression 1209:1232 Nox-4 protein expression 1209:1232 Additionally, PUGNAc treatment increased Nox-1 and Nox-4 protein expression in aortas and VSMCs. 28793197 1 30 theme O-GlcNAc 217:224 arg1 contributors 267:278 contributors 267:278 contributors to endothelial dysfunction 267:305 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 1 30 theme O-GlcNAc 217:224 arg1 modification 227:238 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 185:238 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system 185:261 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 1 30 theme O-GlcNAc 217:224 arg1 Overproduction 139:152 Overproduction 139:152 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) 139:179 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 10 31 theme vascular 1765:1772 arg1 function 1774:1781 vascular function 1765:1781 vascular function 1765:1781 This may represent an additional mechanism by which augmented O-GlcNAc levels impair vascular function. 28793197 5 32 theme Aortic 935:940 arg1 segments 942:949 Aortic segments 935:949 Aortic segments incubated with PUGNAc 935:971 Aortic segments incubated with PUGNAc also exhibited increased levels of reactive oxygen species, assessed by dihydroethidium fluorescence, and augmented •O2- production, determined by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. 28793197 3 33 theme Rat 492:494 arg1 segments 503:510 Rat aortic segments 492:510 Rat aortic segments 492:510 Rat aortic segments and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were incubated with vehicle (methanol) or O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidenamino) N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc) (100 μM). 28793197 7 34 theme subunit 1284:1290 arg1 Translocation 1255:1267 Translocation 1255:1267 Translocation of the p47phox subunit from the cytosol to the membrane 1255:1323 Translocation of the p47phox subunit from the cytosol to the membrane was greater in aortas incubated with PUGNAc. 28793197 8 35 theme PUGNAc 1429:1434 arg1 incubation 1436:1445 PUGNAc incubation 1429:1445 PUGNAc incubation 1429:1445 VSMCs displayed increased p22phox protein expression after PUGNAc incubation, suggesting that NADPH oxidase is activated in conditions where O-GlcNAc protein levels are increased. 28793197 2 36 theme increased 346:354 arg1 levels 356:361 increased levels 346:361 increased levels of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins 346:391 This study tested the hypothesis that increased levels of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins contribute to •O2- production via activation of NADPH oxidase, resulting in impaired vasodilation. 28793197 3 37 theme smooth 525:530 arg1 VSMCs 546:550 VSMCs 546:550 VSMCs 546:550 Rat aortic segments and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were incubated with vehicle (methanol) or O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidenamino) N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc) (100 μM). 28793197 3 37 theme smooth 525:530 arg1 cells 539:543 vascular smooth muscle cells 516:543 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) 516:551 Rat aortic segments and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were incubated with vehicle (methanol) or O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidenamino) N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc) (100 μM). 28793197 0 38 theme O-linked 19:26 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 28:48 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 19:48 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 19:48 Glycosylation with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine induces vascular dysfunction via production of superoxide anion/reactive oxygen species. 28793197 1 39 link O-linked 185:192 arg1 contributors 267:278 contributors 267:278 contributors to endothelial dysfunction 267:305 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 1 39 link O-linked 185:192 arg1 modification 227:238 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 185:238 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system 185:261 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 1 39 link O-linked 185:192 arg1 Overproduction 139:152 Overproduction 139:152 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) 139:179 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 1 40 theme O-linked 185:192 arg1 contributors 267:278 contributors 267:278 contributors to endothelial dysfunction 267:305 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 1 40 theme O-linked 185:192 arg1 modification 227:238 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 185:238 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system 185:261 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 1 40 theme O-linked 185:192 arg1 Overproduction 139:152 Overproduction 139:152 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) 139:179 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 2 41 theme impaired 469:476 arg1 vasodilation 478:489 impaired vasodilation 469:489 impaired vasodilation 469:489 This study tested the hypothesis that increased levels of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins contribute to •O2- production via activation of NADPH oxidase, resulting in impaired vasodilation. 28793197 0 42 theme vascular 58:65 arg1 dysfunction 67:77 vascular dysfunction 58:77 vascular dysfunction 58:77 Glycosylation with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine induces vascular dysfunction via production of superoxide anion/reactive oxygen species. 28793197 4 43 theme O-GlcNAc 727:734 arg1 levels 736:741 O-GlcNAc levels 727:741 O-GlcNAc levels in VSMC 727:749 PUGNAc produced a time-dependent increase in O-GlcNAc levels in VSMC and decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation, which was prevented by apocynin and tiron, suggesting that •O2- contributes to endothelial dysfunction under augmented O-GlcNAc levels. 28793197 4 44 theme endothelial 878:888 arg1 dysfunction 890:900 endothelial dysfunction 878:900 endothelial dysfunction 878:900 PUGNAc produced a time-dependent increase in O-GlcNAc levels in VSMC and decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation, which was prevented by apocynin and tiron, suggesting that •O2- contributes to endothelial dysfunction under augmented O-GlcNAc levels. 28793197 8 45 theme protein 1404:1410 arg1 expression 1412:1421 increased p22phox protein expression 1386:1421 increased p22phox protein expression 1386:1421 VSMCs displayed increased p22phox protein expression after PUGNAc incubation, suggesting that NADPH oxidase is activated in conditions where O-GlcNAc protein levels are increased. 28793197 3 46 theme aortic 496:501 arg1 segments 503:510 Rat aortic segments 492:510 Rat aortic segments 492:510 Rat aortic segments and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were incubated with vehicle (methanol) or O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidenamino) N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc) (100 μM). 28793197 7 47 theme p47phox 1276:1282 arg1 subunit 1284:1290 the p47phox subunit 1272:1290 the p47phox subunit 1272:1290 Translocation of the p47phox subunit from the cytosol to the membrane was greater in aortas incubated with PUGNAc. 28793197 1 48 theme vascular 247:254 arg1 system 256:261 the vascular system 243:261 the vascular system 243:261 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 10 49 theme O-GlcNAc 1742:1749 arg1 levels 1751:1756 augmented O-GlcNAc levels 1732:1756 augmented O-GlcNAc levels 1732:1756 This may represent an additional mechanism by which augmented O-GlcNAc levels impair vascular function. 28793197 5 50 theme lucigenin-enhanced 1120:1137 arg1 chemiluminescence 1139:1155 lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence 1120:1155 lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence 1120:1155 Aortic segments incubated with PUGNAc also exhibited increased levels of reactive oxygen species, assessed by dihydroethidium fluorescence, and augmented •O2- production, determined by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. 28793197 4 51 theme endothelium-dependent 765:785 arg1 relaxation 787:796 endothelium-dependent relaxation 765:796 endothelium-dependent relaxation 765:796 PUGNAc produced a time-dependent increase in O-GlcNAc levels in VSMC and decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation, which was prevented by apocynin and tiron, suggesting that •O2- contributes to endothelial dysfunction under augmented O-GlcNAc levels. 28793197 9 52 theme NADPH 1665:1669 arg1 oxidase 1671:1677 NADPH oxidase 1665:1677 NADPH oxidase 1665:1677 In conclusion, O-GlcNAc levels reduce endothelium-dependent relaxation by overproduction of •O2- via activation of NADPH oxidase. 28793197 1 53 from modification 227:238 arg1 system 256:261 the vascular system 243:261 the vascular system 243:261 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 1 54 theme superoxide 157:166 arg1 anion 168:172 superoxide anion 157:172 superoxide anion (•O2-) 157:179 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 1 54 theme superoxide 157:166 arg1 •O2- 175:178 •O2- 175:178 •O2- 175:178 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 0 55 with Glycosylation 0:12 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 28:48 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 19:48 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 19:48 Glycosylation with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine induces vascular dysfunction via production of superoxide anion/reactive oxygen species. 28793197 1 56 theme anion 168:172 arg1 contributors 267:278 contributors 267:278 contributors to endothelial dysfunction 267:305 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 1 56 theme anion 168:172 arg1 modification 227:238 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification 185:238 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system 185:261 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 1 56 theme anion 168:172 arg1 Overproduction 139:152 Overproduction 139:152 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) 139:179 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 1 57 from Overproduction 139:152 arg1 system 256:261 the vascular system 243:261 the vascular system 243:261 Overproduction of superoxide anion (•O2-) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the vascular system are contributors to endothelial dysfunction. 28793197 8 58 theme p22phox 1396:1402 arg1 expression 1412:1421 increased p22phox protein expression 1386:1421 increased p22phox protein expression 1386:1421 VSMCs displayed increased p22phox protein expression after PUGNAc incubation, suggesting that NADPH oxidase is activated in conditions where O-GlcNAc protein levels are increased. 28793197 5 59 theme reactive 1008:1015 arg1 species 1024:1030 reactive oxygen species 1008:1030 reactive oxygen species 1008:1030 Aortic segments incubated with PUGNAc also exhibited increased levels of reactive oxygen species, assessed by dihydroethidium fluorescence, and augmented •O2- production, determined by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. 28793197 5 60 theme •O2- 1089:1092 arg1 production 1094:1103 •O2- production 1089:1103 •O2- production 1089:1103 Aortic segments incubated with PUGNAc also exhibited increased levels of reactive oxygen species, assessed by dihydroethidium fluorescence, and augmented •O2- production, determined by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. 28793197 2 61 theme O-GlcNAc-modified 366:382 arg1 proteins 384:391 O-GlcNAc-modified proteins 366:391 O-GlcNAc-modified proteins 366:391 This study tested the hypothesis that increased levels of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins contribute to •O2- production via activation of NADPH oxidase, resulting in impaired vasodilation. 28793197 2 62 theme proteins 384:391 arg1 levels 356:361 increased levels 346:361 increased levels of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins 346:391 This study tested the hypothesis that increased levels of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins contribute to •O2- production via activation of NADPH oxidase, resulting in impaired vasodilation. 28793197 9 63 theme •O2- 1642:1645 arg1 overproduction 1624:1637 overproduction 1624:1637 overproduction of •O2- via activation of NADPH oxidase 1624:1677 In conclusion, O-GlcNAc levels reduce endothelium-dependent relaxation by overproduction of •O2- via activation of NADPH oxidase. 28793197 3 64 theme vascular 516:523 arg1 VSMCs 546:550 VSMCs 546:550 VSMCs 546:550 Rat aortic segments and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were incubated with vehicle (methanol) or O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidenamino) N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc) (100 μM). 28793197 3 64 theme vascular 516:523 arg1 cells 539:543 vascular smooth muscle cells 516:543 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) 516:551 Rat aortic segments and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were incubated with vehicle (methanol) or O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidenamino) N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc) (100 μM). 28793197 6 65 theme PUGNAc 1172:1177 arg1 treatment 1179:1187 PUGNAc treatment 1172:1187 PUGNAc treatment 1172:1187 Additionally, PUGNAc treatment increased Nox-1 and Nox-4 protein expression in aortas and VSMCs. 28793197 9 66 theme oxidase 1671:1677 arg1 activation 1651:1660 activation 1651:1660 activation of NADPH oxidase 1651:1677 In conclusion, O-GlcNAc levels reduce endothelium-dependent relaxation by overproduction of •O2- via activation of NADPH oxidase. 28793197 4 67 theme time-dependent 700:713 arg1 increase 715:722 a time-dependent increase 698:722 a time-dependent increase in O-GlcNAc levels in VSMC 698:749 PUGNAc produced a time-dependent increase in O-GlcNAc levels in VSMC and decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation, which was prevented by apocynin and tiron, suggesting that •O2- contributes to endothelial dysfunction under augmented O-GlcNAc levels. 28793197 10 68 theme additional 1702:1711 arg1 mechanism 1713:1721 an additional mechanism 1699:1721 an additional mechanism by which augmented O-GlcNAc levels impair vascular function 1699:1781 This may represent an additional mechanism by which augmented O-GlcNAc levels impair vascular function. 28793197 9 69 theme endothelium-dependent 1588:1608 arg1 relaxation 1610:1619 endothelium-dependent relaxation 1588:1619 endothelium-dependent relaxation 1588:1619 In conclusion, O-GlcNAc levels reduce endothelium-dependent relaxation by overproduction of •O2- via activation of NADPH oxidase. 28793197 10 70 theme augmented 1732:1740 arg1 levels 1751:1756 augmented O-GlcNAc levels 1732:1756 augmented O-GlcNAc levels 1732:1756 This may represent an additional mechanism by which augmented O-GlcNAc levels impair vascular function. 28393207 4 0 theme cells 986:990 arg1 capabilities 949:960 the invasion capabilities 936:960 the invasion capabilities of the breast carcinoma cells 936:990 This downregulation led to a decrease in the invasion capabilities of the breast carcinoma cells, as well as enhanced chemosensitivity, which was the result antineoplastic drug effects. 28393207 4 0 theme cells 986:990 arg1 chemosensitivity 1013:1028 enhanced chemosensitivity 1004:1028 enhanced chemosensitivity 1004:1028 This downregulation led to a decrease in the invasion capabilities of the breast carcinoma cells, as well as enhanced chemosensitivity, which was the result antineoplastic drug effects. 28393207 3 1 theme terminal 808:815 arg1 acids 829:833 terminal α2,3 sialic acids 808:833 terminal α2,3 sialic acids 808:833 Downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids, when compared to cells transfected with si‑T2 or si‑T1/T2. 28393207 0 2 theme cancer 213:218 arg1 cells 220:224 triple‑negative breast cancer cells 190:224 triple‑negative breast cancer cells 190:224 RNA interference-mediated silencing of ppGalNAc-T1 and ppGalNAc-T2 inhibits invasion and increases chemosensitivity potentially by reducing terminal α2,3 sialylation and MMP14 expression in triple‑negative breast cancer cells. 28393207 7 3 theme O‑glycosylation 1575:1589 arg1 initiation 1561:1570 the initiation 1557:1570 the initiation 1557:1570 In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that ppGalNAc‑T1 may serve a pivotal role in the initiation of O‑glycosylation, which may lead to a low density of α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of MMP14 when downregulated. 28393207 3 4 from reduction 781:789 arg1 number 798:803 the number 794:803 the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids 794:833 Downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids, when compared to cells transfected with si‑T2 or si‑T1/T2. 28393207 4 5 theme breast 969:974 arg1 cells 986:990 the breast carcinoma cells 965:990 the breast carcinoma cells 965:990 This downregulation led to a decrease in the invasion capabilities of the breast carcinoma cells, as well as enhanced chemosensitivity, which was the result antineoplastic drug effects. 28393207 8 6 theme breast 1850:1855 arg1 cells 1864:1868 breast cancer cells 1850:1868 breast cancer cells 1850:1868 Glycosylation serves a significant role in regulating the sensitivity of MMP14 to self‑proteolysis, which ultimately decreases the invasion capabilities of breast cancer cells. 28393207 1 7 theme Glycopeptide-preferring 227:249 arg1 enzyme 319:324 a key enzyme 313:324 a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation 313:450 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) is a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation. 28393207 1 7 theme Glycopeptide-preferring 227:249 arg1 ppGalNAc‑T 298:307 ppGalNAc‑T 298:307 ppGalNAc‑T 298:307 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) is a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation. 28393207 1 7 theme Glycopeptide-preferring 227:249 arg1 transferase 285:295 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase 227:295 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) 227:308 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) is a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation. 28393207 6 8 theme endothelial 1341:1351 arg1 factor 1360:1365 vascular endothelial growth factor 1332:1365 vascular endothelial growth factor 1332:1365 Furthermore, MMP14 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated in the si‑T1 groups when compared with the si‑T2 and si‑T1/T2 groups. 28393207 0 9 theme α2,3 149:152 arg1 sialylation 154:164 terminal α2,3 sialylation 140:164 terminal α2,3 sialylation 140:164 RNA interference-mediated silencing of ppGalNAc-T1 and ppGalNAc-T2 inhibits invasion and increases chemosensitivity potentially by reducing terminal α2,3 sialylation and MMP14 expression in triple‑negative breast cancer cells. 28393207 8 10 theme cells 1864:1868 arg1 capabilities 1834:1845 the invasion capabilities 1821:1845 the invasion capabilities of breast cancer cells 1821:1868 Glycosylation serves a significant role in regulating the sensitivity of MMP14 to self‑proteolysis, which ultimately decreases the invasion capabilities of breast cancer cells. 28393207 1 11 theme N-acetylgalactosamine 263:283 arg1 enzyme 319:324 a key enzyme 313:324 a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation 313:450 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) is a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation. 28393207 1 11 theme N-acetylgalactosamine 263:283 arg1 ppGalNAc‑T 298:307 ppGalNAc‑T 298:307 ppGalNAc‑T 298:307 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) is a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation. 28393207 1 11 theme N-acetylgalactosamine 263:283 arg1 transferase 285:295 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase 227:295 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) 227:308 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) is a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation. 28393207 7 12 theme study 1498:1502 arg1 results 1475:1481 the results 1471:1481 the results of the present study 1471:1502 In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that ppGalNAc‑T1 may serve a pivotal role in the initiation of O‑glycosylation, which may lead to a low density of α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of MMP14 when downregulated. 28393207 2 13 theme MDA‑MB‑231 679:688 arg1 cells 690:694 highly‑invasive estrogen receptor‑negative MDA‑MB‑231 cells 636:694 highly‑invasive estrogen receptor‑negative MDA‑MB‑231 cells 636:694 In order to investigate the effects of ppGalNAc‑T1 and ppGalNAc‑T2 on the initiation of O‑glycosylation, siRNA‑ppGalNAc‑T1 (si‑T1) and siRNA‑ppGalNAc‑T2 (si‑T2) were transfected into highly‑invasive estrogen receptor‑negative MDA‑MB‑231 cells to inhibit O‑glycosylation. 28393207 6 14 theme growth 1353:1358 arg1 factor 1360:1365 vascular endothelial growth factor 1332:1365 vascular endothelial growth factor 1332:1365 Furthermore, MMP14 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated in the si‑T1 groups when compared with the si‑T2 and si‑T1/T2 groups. 28393207 6 15 theme si‑T2 1429:1433 arg1 groups 1448:1453 the si‑T2 and si‑T1/T2 groups 1425:1453 groups 1448:1453 Furthermore, MMP14 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated in the si‑T1 groups when compared with the si‑T2 and si‑T1/T2 groups. 28393207 0 16 gly sialylation 154:164 arg1 cells 220:224 triple‑negative breast cancer cells 190:224 triple‑negative breast cancer cells 190:224 RNA interference-mediated silencing of ppGalNAc-T1 and ppGalNAc-T2 inhibits invasion and increases chemosensitivity potentially by reducing terminal α2,3 sialylation and MMP14 expression in triple‑negative breast cancer cells. 28393207 2 17 theme estrogen 652:659 arg1 cells 690:694 highly‑invasive estrogen receptor‑negative MDA‑MB‑231 cells 636:694 highly‑invasive estrogen receptor‑negative MDA‑MB‑231 cells 636:694 In order to investigate the effects of ppGalNAc‑T1 and ppGalNAc‑T2 on the initiation of O‑glycosylation, siRNA‑ppGalNAc‑T1 (si‑T1) and siRNA‑ppGalNAc‑T2 (si‑T2) were transfected into highly‑invasive estrogen receptor‑negative MDA‑MB‑231 cells to inhibit O‑glycosylation. 28393207 6 18 theme vascular 1332:1339 arg1 factor 1360:1365 vascular endothelial growth factor 1332:1365 vascular endothelial growth factor 1332:1365 Furthermore, MMP14 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated in the si‑T1 groups when compared with the si‑T2 and si‑T1/T2 groups. 28393207 0 19 theme triple‑negative 190:204 arg1 cells 220:224 triple‑negative breast cancer cells 190:224 triple‑negative breast cancer cells 190:224 RNA interference-mediated silencing of ppGalNAc-T1 and ppGalNAc-T2 inhibits invasion and increases chemosensitivity potentially by reducing terminal α2,3 sialylation and MMP14 expression in triple‑negative breast cancer cells. 28393207 3 20 theme ppGalNAc‑T1 742:752 arg1 Downregulation 724:737 Downregulation 724:737 Downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 724:752 Downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids, when compared to cells transfected with si‑T2 or si‑T1/T2. 28393207 5 21 theme O‑linked 1235:1242 arg1 glycans 1244:1250 O‑linked glycans 1235:1250 O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein 1235:1306 In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 led to a reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein. 28393207 4 22 theme enhanced 1004:1011 arg1 chemosensitivity 1013:1028 enhanced chemosensitivity 1004:1028 enhanced chemosensitivity 1004:1028 This downregulation led to a decrease in the invasion capabilities of the breast carcinoma cells, as well as enhanced chemosensitivity, which was the result antineoplastic drug effects. 28393207 1 23 theme Thr/Ser 409:415 arg1 residues 417:424 Thr/Ser residues 409:424 Thr/Ser residues 409:424 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) is a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation. 28393207 9 24 dep cancer 1976:1981 arg1 invasion 1983:1990 invasion 1983:1990 invasion 1983:1990 The results of the present study may be useful in establishing the function of ppGalNAc‑T1 during breast cancer invasion and metastasis. 28393207 4 25 theme antineoplastic 1052:1065 arg1 effects 1072:1078 antineoplastic drug effects 1052:1078 antineoplastic drug effects 1052:1078 This downregulation led to a decrease in the invasion capabilities of the breast carcinoma cells, as well as enhanced chemosensitivity, which was the result antineoplastic drug effects. 28393207 7 26 link O‑linked 1648:1655 arg1 glycans 1657:1663 O‑linked glycans 1648:1663 O‑linked glycans of MMP14 1648:1672 In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that ppGalNAc‑T1 may serve a pivotal role in the initiation of O‑glycosylation, which may lead to a low density of α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of MMP14 when downregulated. 28393207 5 27 theme α2,3 1214:1217 arg1 acids 1226:1230 terminal α2,3 sialic acids 1205:1230 terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein 1205:1306 In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 led to a reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein. 28393207 7 28 theme O‑linked 1648:1655 arg1 glycans 1657:1663 O‑linked glycans 1648:1663 O‑linked glycans of MMP14 1648:1672 In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that ppGalNAc‑T1 may serve a pivotal role in the initiation of O‑glycosylation, which may lead to a low density of α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of MMP14 when downregulated. 28393207 9 29 theme study 1898:1902 arg1 results 1875:1881 The results 1871:1881 The results of the present study 1871:1902 The results of the present study may be useful in establishing the function of ppGalNAc‑T1 during breast cancer invasion and metastasis. 28393207 9 29 theme study 1898:1902 arg1 useful 1911:1916 useful 1911:1916 useful 1911:1916 The results of the present study may be useful in establishing the function of ppGalNAc‑T1 during breast cancer invasion and metastasis. 28393207 5 30 from number 1195:1200 arg1 glycans 1244:1250 O‑linked glycans 1235:1250 O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein 1235:1306 In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 led to a reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein. 28393207 5 31 theme acids 1226:1230 arg1 number 1195:1200 the number 1191:1200 the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein 1191:1306 In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 led to a reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein. 28393207 1 32 link O‑linked 429:436 arg1 glycosylation 438:450 O‑linked glycosylation 429:450 O‑linked glycosylation 429:450 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) is a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation. 28393207 0 33 theme RNA 0:2 arg1 silencing 26:34 RNA interference-mediated silencing 0:34 RNA interference-mediated silencing of ppGalNAc-T1 and ppGalNAc-T2 0:65 RNA interference-mediated silencing of ppGalNAc-T1 and ppGalNAc-T2 inhibits invasion and increases chemosensitivity potentially by reducing terminal α2,3 sialylation and MMP14 expression in triple‑negative breast cancer cells. 28393207 2 34 theme ppGalNAc‑T2 508:518 arg1 effects 481:487 the effects 477:487 the effects of ppGalNAc‑T1 and ppGalNAc‑T2 on the initiation of O‑glycosylation 477:555 In order to investigate the effects of ppGalNAc‑T1 and ppGalNAc‑T2 on the initiation of O‑glycosylation, siRNA‑ppGalNAc‑T1 (si‑T1) and siRNA‑ppGalNAc‑T2 (si‑T2) were transfected into highly‑invasive estrogen receptor‑negative MDA‑MB‑231 cells to inhibit O‑glycosylation. 28393207 2 35 theme ppGalNAc‑T1 492:502 arg1 effects 481:487 the effects 477:487 the effects of ppGalNAc‑T1 and ppGalNAc‑T2 on the initiation of O‑glycosylation 477:555 In order to investigate the effects of ppGalNAc‑T1 and ppGalNAc‑T2 on the initiation of O‑glycosylation, siRNA‑ppGalNAc‑T1 (si‑T1) and siRNA‑ppGalNAc‑T2 (si‑T2) were transfected into highly‑invasive estrogen receptor‑negative MDA‑MB‑231 cells to inhibit O‑glycosylation. 28393207 7 36 theme sialic 1632:1637 arg1 acids 1639:1643 α2,3 sialic acids 1627:1643 α2,3 sialic acids 1627:1643 In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that ppGalNAc‑T1 may serve a pivotal role in the initiation of O‑glycosylation, which may lead to a low density of α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of MMP14 when downregulated. 28393207 5 37 link O‑linked 1235:1242 arg1 glycans 1244:1250 O‑linked glycans 1235:1250 O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein 1235:1306 In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 led to a reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein. 28393207 0 38 theme ppGalNAc-T1 39:49 arg1 silencing 26:34 RNA interference-mediated silencing 0:34 RNA interference-mediated silencing of ppGalNAc-T1 and ppGalNAc-T2 0:65 RNA interference-mediated silencing of ppGalNAc-T1 and ppGalNAc-T2 inhibits invasion and increases chemosensitivity potentially by reducing terminal α2,3 sialylation and MMP14 expression in triple‑negative breast cancer cells. 28393207 1 39 theme first 362:366 arg1 monosaccharide 375:388 the first GalNAc monosaccharide 358:388 the first GalNAc monosaccharide 358:388 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) is a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation. 28393207 1 40 from residues 417:424 arg1 polypeptides 393:404 polypeptides 393:404 polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues 393:424 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) is a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation. 28393207 5 41 theme matrix 1259:1264 arg1 glycoprotein 1295:1306 the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein 1255:1306 the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein 1255:1306 In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 led to a reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein. 28393207 4 42 theme invasion 940:947 arg1 capabilities 949:960 the invasion capabilities 936:960 the invasion capabilities of the breast carcinoma cells 936:990 This downregulation led to a decrease in the invasion capabilities of the breast carcinoma cells, as well as enhanced chemosensitivity, which was the result antineoplastic drug effects. 28393207 0 43 theme ppGalNAc-T2 55:65 arg1 silencing 26:34 RNA interference-mediated silencing 0:34 RNA interference-mediated silencing of ppGalNAc-T1 and ppGalNAc-T2 0:65 RNA interference-mediated silencing of ppGalNAc-T1 and ppGalNAc-T2 inhibits invasion and increases chemosensitivity potentially by reducing terminal α2,3 sialylation and MMP14 expression in triple‑negative breast cancer cells. 28393207 1 44 theme monosaccharide 375:388 arg1 formation 345:353 the formation 341:353 the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues 341:424 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) is a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation. 28393207 7 45 theme low 1612:1614 arg1 density 1616:1622 a low density 1610:1622 a low density of α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of MMP14 1610:1672 In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that ppGalNAc‑T1 may serve a pivotal role in the initiation of O‑glycosylation, which may lead to a low density of α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of MMP14 when downregulated. 28393207 2 46 from effects 481:487 arg1 initiation 527:536 the initiation 523:536 the initiation of O‑glycosylation 523:555 In order to investigate the effects of ppGalNAc‑T1 and ppGalNAc‑T2 on the initiation of O‑glycosylation, siRNA‑ppGalNAc‑T1 (si‑T1) and siRNA‑ppGalNAc‑T2 (si‑T2) were transfected into highly‑invasive estrogen receptor‑negative MDA‑MB‑231 cells to inhibit O‑glycosylation. 28393207 8 47 theme MMP14 1767:1771 arg1 sensitivity 1752:1762 the sensitivity 1748:1762 the sensitivity of MMP14 to self‑proteolysis 1748:1791 Glycosylation serves a significant role in regulating the sensitivity of MMP14 to self‑proteolysis, which ultimately decreases the invasion capabilities of breast cancer cells. 28393207 5 48 theme metalloproteinase‑14 1266:1285 arg1 glycoprotein 1295:1306 the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein 1255:1306 the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein 1255:1306 In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 led to a reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein. 28393207 3 49 theme acids 829:833 arg1 number 798:803 the number 794:803 the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids 794:833 Downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids, when compared to cells transfected with si‑T2 or si‑T1/T2. 28393207 1 50 theme key 315:317 arg1 enzyme 319:324 a key enzyme 313:324 a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation 313:450 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) is a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation. 28393207 1 50 theme key 315:317 arg1 transferase 285:295 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase 227:295 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) 227:308 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) is a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation. 28393207 7 51 from density 1616:1622 arg1 glycans 1657:1663 O‑linked glycans 1648:1663 O‑linked glycans of MMP14 1648:1672 In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that ppGalNAc‑T1 may serve a pivotal role in the initiation of O‑glycosylation, which may lead to a low density of α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of MMP14 when downregulated. 28393207 4 52 theme carcinoma 976:984 arg1 cells 986:990 the breast carcinoma cells 965:990 the breast carcinoma cells 965:990 This downregulation led to a decrease in the invasion capabilities of the breast carcinoma cells, as well as enhanced chemosensitivity, which was the result antineoplastic drug effects. 28393207 3 53 theme α2,3 817:820 arg1 acids 829:833 terminal α2,3 sialic acids 808:833 terminal α2,3 sialic acids 808:833 Downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids, when compared to cells transfected with si‑T2 or si‑T1/T2. 28393207 0 54 from expression 176:185 arg1 cells 220:224 triple‑negative breast cancer cells 190:224 triple‑negative breast cancer cells 190:224 RNA interference-mediated silencing of ppGalNAc-T1 and ppGalNAc-T2 inhibits invasion and increases chemosensitivity potentially by reducing terminal α2,3 sialylation and MMP14 expression in triple‑negative breast cancer cells. 28393207 6 55 theme si‑T1 1393:1397 arg1 groups 1399:1404 the si‑T1 groups 1389:1404 the si‑T1 groups 1389:1404 Furthermore, MMP14 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated in the si‑T1 groups when compared with the si‑T2 and si‑T1/T2 groups. 28393207 5 56 from glycans 1244:1250 arg1 number 1195:1200 the number 1191:1200 the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein 1191:1306 In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 led to a reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein. 28393207 7 57 theme pivotal 1541:1547 arg1 role 1549:1552 a pivotal role 1539:1552 a pivotal role 1539:1552 In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that ppGalNAc‑T1 may serve a pivotal role in the initiation of O‑glycosylation, which may lead to a low density of α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of MMP14 when downregulated. 28393207 8 58 theme invasion 1825:1832 arg1 capabilities 1834:1845 the invasion capabilities 1821:1845 the invasion capabilities of breast cancer cells 1821:1868 Glycosylation serves a significant role in regulating the sensitivity of MMP14 to self‑proteolysis, which ultimately decreases the invasion capabilities of breast cancer cells. 28393207 1 59 theme polypeptide 251:261 arg1 enzyme 319:324 a key enzyme 313:324 a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation 313:450 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) is a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation. 28393207 1 59 theme polypeptide 251:261 arg1 ppGalNAc‑T 298:307 ppGalNAc‑T 298:307 ppGalNAc‑T 298:307 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) is a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation. 28393207 1 59 theme polypeptide 251:261 arg1 transferase 285:295 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase 227:295 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) 227:308 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) is a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation. 28393207 0 60 theme MMP14 170:174 arg1 expression 176:185 MMP14 expression 170:185 MMP14 expression 170:185 RNA interference-mediated silencing of ppGalNAc-T1 and ppGalNAc-T2 inhibits invasion and increases chemosensitivity potentially by reducing terminal α2,3 sialylation and MMP14 expression in triple‑negative breast cancer cells. 28393207 8 61 theme cancer 1857:1862 arg1 cells 1864:1868 breast cancer cells 1850:1868 breast cancer cells 1850:1868 Glycosylation serves a significant role in regulating the sensitivity of MMP14 to self‑proteolysis, which ultimately decreases the invasion capabilities of breast cancer cells. 28393207 5 62 gly glycoprotein 1295:1306 arg1 glycoprotein 1295:1306 the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein 1255:1306 the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein 1255:1306 In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 led to a reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein. 28393207 6 63 theme si‑T1/T2 1439:1446 arg1 groups 1448:1453 the si‑T2 and si‑T1/T2 groups 1425:1453 groups 1448:1453 Furthermore, MMP14 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated in the si‑T1 groups when compared with the si‑T2 and si‑T1/T2 groups. 28393207 5 64 theme terminal 1205:1212 arg1 acids 1226:1230 terminal α2,3 sialic acids 1205:1230 terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein 1205:1306 In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 led to a reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein. 28393207 2 65 theme receptor‑negative 661:677 arg1 cells 690:694 highly‑invasive estrogen receptor‑negative MDA‑MB‑231 cells 636:694 highly‑invasive estrogen receptor‑negative MDA‑MB‑231 cells 636:694 In order to investigate the effects of ppGalNAc‑T1 and ppGalNAc‑T2 on the initiation of O‑glycosylation, siRNA‑ppGalNAc‑T1 (si‑T1) and siRNA‑ppGalNAc‑T2 (si‑T2) were transfected into highly‑invasive estrogen receptor‑negative MDA‑MB‑231 cells to inhibit O‑glycosylation. 28393207 7 66 theme present 1490:1496 arg1 study 1498:1502 the present study 1486:1502 the present study 1486:1502 In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that ppGalNAc‑T1 may serve a pivotal role in the initiation of O‑glycosylation, which may lead to a low density of α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of MMP14 when downregulated. 28393207 0 67 theme breast 206:211 arg1 cells 220:224 triple‑negative breast cancer cells 190:224 triple‑negative breast cancer cells 190:224 RNA interference-mediated silencing of ppGalNAc-T1 and ppGalNAc-T2 inhibits invasion and increases chemosensitivity potentially by reducing terminal α2,3 sialylation and MMP14 expression in triple‑negative breast cancer cells. 28393207 4 68 from decrease 924:931 arg1 capabilities 949:960 the invasion capabilities 936:960 the invasion capabilities of the breast carcinoma cells 936:990 This downregulation led to a decrease in the invasion capabilities of the breast carcinoma cells, as well as enhanced chemosensitivity, which was the result antineoplastic drug effects. 28393207 4 68 from decrease 924:931 arg1 chemosensitivity 1013:1028 enhanced chemosensitivity 1004:1028 enhanced chemosensitivity 1004:1028 This downregulation led to a decrease in the invasion capabilities of the breast carcinoma cells, as well as enhanced chemosensitivity, which was the result antineoplastic drug effects. 28393207 2 69 theme highly‑invasive 636:650 arg1 cells 690:694 highly‑invasive estrogen receptor‑negative MDA‑MB‑231 cells 636:694 highly‑invasive estrogen receptor‑negative MDA‑MB‑231 cells 636:694 In order to investigate the effects of ppGalNAc‑T1 and ppGalNAc‑T2 on the initiation of O‑glycosylation, siRNA‑ppGalNAc‑T1 (si‑T1) and siRNA‑ppGalNAc‑T2 (si‑T2) were transfected into highly‑invasive estrogen receptor‑negative MDA‑MB‑231 cells to inhibit O‑glycosylation. 28393207 5 70 from reduction 1178:1186 arg1 number 1195:1200 the number 1191:1200 the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein 1191:1306 In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 led to a reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein. 28393207 7 71 theme MMP14 1668:1672 arg1 glycans 1657:1663 O‑linked glycans 1648:1663 O‑linked glycans of MMP14 1648:1672 In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that ppGalNAc‑T1 may serve a pivotal role in the initiation of O‑glycosylation, which may lead to a low density of α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of MMP14 when downregulated. 28393207 9 72 theme present 1890:1896 arg1 study 1898:1902 the present study 1886:1902 the present study 1886:1902 The results of the present study may be useful in establishing the function of ppGalNAc‑T1 during breast cancer invasion and metastasis. 28393207 0 73 theme terminal 140:147 arg1 sialylation 154:164 terminal α2,3 sialylation 140:164 terminal α2,3 sialylation 140:164 RNA interference-mediated silencing of ppGalNAc-T1 and ppGalNAc-T2 inhibits invasion and increases chemosensitivity potentially by reducing terminal α2,3 sialylation and MMP14 expression in triple‑negative breast cancer cells. 28393207 1 74 theme O‑linked 429:436 arg1 glycosylation 438:450 O‑linked glycosylation 429:450 O‑linked glycosylation 429:450 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) is a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation. 28393207 4 75 theme drug 1067:1070 arg1 effects 1072:1078 antineoplastic drug effects 1052:1078 antineoplastic drug effects 1052:1078 This downregulation led to a decrease in the invasion capabilities of the breast carcinoma cells, as well as enhanced chemosensitivity, which was the result antineoplastic drug effects. 28393207 0 76 theme interference-mediated 4:24 arg1 silencing 26:34 RNA interference-mediated silencing 0:34 RNA interference-mediated silencing of ppGalNAc-T1 and ppGalNAc-T2 0:65 RNA interference-mediated silencing of ppGalNAc-T1 and ppGalNAc-T2 inhibits invasion and increases chemosensitivity potentially by reducing terminal α2,3 sialylation and MMP14 expression in triple‑negative breast cancer cells. 28393207 5 77 theme sialic 1219:1224 arg1 acids 1226:1230 terminal α2,3 sialic acids 1205:1230 terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein 1205:1306 In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 led to a reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein. 28393207 5 78 theme glycoprotein 1295:1306 arg1 glycans 1244:1250 O‑linked glycans 1235:1250 O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein 1235:1306 In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 led to a reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein. 28393207 3 79 theme significant 769:779 arg1 reduction 781:789 a significant reduction 767:789 a significant reduction 767:789 Downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids, when compared to cells transfected with si‑T2 or si‑T1/T2. 28393207 7 80 theme acids 1639:1643 arg1 density 1616:1622 a low density 1610:1622 a low density of α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of MMP14 1610:1672 In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that ppGalNAc‑T1 may serve a pivotal role in the initiation of O‑glycosylation, which may lead to a low density of α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of MMP14 when downregulated. 28393207 2 81 theme O‑glycosylation 541:555 arg1 initiation 527:536 the initiation 523:536 the initiation of O‑glycosylation 523:555 In order to investigate the effects of ppGalNAc‑T1 and ppGalNAc‑T2 on the initiation of O‑glycosylation, siRNA‑ppGalNAc‑T1 (si‑T1) and siRNA‑ppGalNAc‑T2 (si‑T2) were transfected into highly‑invasive estrogen receptor‑negative MDA‑MB‑231 cells to inhibit O‑glycosylation. 28393207 8 82 theme significant 1717:1727 arg1 role 1729:1732 a significant role 1715:1732 a significant role 1715:1732 Glycosylation serves a significant role in regulating the sensitivity of MMP14 to self‑proteolysis, which ultimately decreases the invasion capabilities of breast cancer cells. 28393207 1 83 theme GalNAc 368:373 arg1 monosaccharide 375:388 the first GalNAc monosaccharide 358:388 the first GalNAc monosaccharide 358:388 Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) is a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation. 28393207 7 84 theme α2,3 1627:1630 arg1 acids 1639:1643 α2,3 sialic acids 1627:1643 α2,3 sialic acids 1627:1643 In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that ppGalNAc‑T1 may serve a pivotal role in the initiation of O‑glycosylation, which may lead to a low density of α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of MMP14 when downregulated. 28393207 5 85 theme ppGalNAc‑T1 1157:1167 arg1 downregulation 1139:1152 downregulation 1139:1152 downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 1139:1167 In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 led to a reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein. 28393207 9 86 theme ppGalNAc‑T1 1950:1960 arg1 function 1938:1945 the function 1934:1945 the function of ppGalNAc‑T1 during breast cancer invasion and metastasis 1934:2005 The results of the present study may be useful in establishing the function of ppGalNAc‑T1 during breast cancer invasion and metastasis. 28393207 5 87 theme MMP14 1288:1292 arg1 glycoprotein 1295:1306 the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein 1255:1306 the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein 1255:1306 In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 led to a reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein. 28393207 5 88 theme immunoprecipitation 1094:1112 arg1 assays 1114:1119 immunoprecipitation assays 1094:1119 immunoprecipitation assays 1094:1119 In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 led to a reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein. 28393207 9 89 theme breast 1969:1974 arg1 cancer 1976:1981 breast cancer invasion and metastasis 1969:2005 cancer 1976:1981 The results of the present study may be useful in establishing the function of ppGalNAc‑T1 during breast cancer invasion and metastasis. 28393207 0 90 from sialylation 154:164 arg1 cells 220:224 triple‑negative breast cancer cells 190:224 triple‑negative breast cancer cells 190:224 RNA interference-mediated silencing of ppGalNAc-T1 and ppGalNAc-T2 inhibits invasion and increases chemosensitivity potentially by reducing terminal α2,3 sialylation and MMP14 expression in triple‑negative breast cancer cells. 28393207 3 91 theme sialic 822:827 arg1 acids 829:833 terminal α2,3 sialic acids 808:833 terminal α2,3 sialic acids 808:833 Downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids, when compared to cells transfected with si‑T2 or si‑T1/T2. 28393207 5 92 from acids 1226:1230 arg1 glycans 1244:1250 O‑linked glycans 1235:1250 O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein 1235:1306 In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 led to a reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein. 25845334 5 0 theme 23±2 1085:1088 arg1 cells/mL 1090:1097 23±2 cells/mL 1085:1097 23±2 cells/mL 1085:1097 A linear range for the cancer cell detection is obtained between 50 and 100,000 cells/mL with the detection limit of 23±2 cells/mL. 25845334 1 1 theme key 148:150 arg1 resistance 126:135 Multidrug resistance 116:135 Multidrug resistance (MDR) 116:141 Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a key issue in the failure of cancer chemotherapy and its detection will be helpful to develop suitable therapeutic strategies for cancer patients and overcome the death rates. 25845334 1 1 theme key 148:150 arg1 issue 152:156 a key issue 146:156 a key issue in the failure of cancer chemotherapy 146:194 Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a key issue in the failure of cancer chemotherapy and its detection will be helpful to develop suitable therapeutic strategies for cancer patients and overcome the death rates. 25845334 7 2 theme chemical 1317:1324 arg1 molecules 1326:1334 other chemical molecules 1311:1334 other chemical molecules present in the real sample matrix 1311:1368 Interferences by drug sensitive (SKBr-3 and HeLa), noncancerous cells (HEK-293 and OSE), and other chemical molecules present in the real sample matrix are examined. 25845334 7 3 theme real 1351:1354 arg1 matrix 1363:1368 the real sample matrix 1347:1368 the real sample matrix 1347:1368 Interferences by drug sensitive (SKBr-3 and HeLa), noncancerous cells (HEK-293 and OSE), and other chemical molecules present in the real sample matrix are examined. 25845334 0 4 from detection 15:23 arg1 matrixes 70:77 biological matrixes 59:77 biological matrixes using an amperometric nanobiosensor 59:113 Ultrasensitive detection of drug resistant cancer cells in biological matrixes using an amperometric nanobiosensor. 25845334 4 5 theme surface 802:808 arg1 glycans 810:816 cell surface glycans 797:816 cell surface glycans 797:816 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 7 6 attach present 1336:1342 arg2 molecules 1326:1334 other chemical molecules 1311:1334 other chemical molecules present in the real sample matrix 1311:1368 Interferences by drug sensitive (SKBr-3 and HeLa), noncancerous cells (HEK-293 and OSE), and other chemical molecules present in the real sample matrix are examined. 25845334 7 6 attach present 1336:1342 arg1 matrix 1363:1368 the real sample matrix 1347:1368 the real sample matrix 1347:1368 Interferences by drug sensitive (SKBr-3 and HeLa), noncancerous cells (HEK-293 and OSE), and other chemical molecules present in the real sample matrix are examined. 25845334 1 7 from issue 152:156 arg1 failure 165:171 the failure 161:171 the failure of cancer chemotherapy 161:194 Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a key issue in the failure of cancer chemotherapy and its detection will be helpful to develop suitable therapeutic strategies for cancer patients and overcome the death rates. 25845334 4 8 theme boronic 723:729 arg1 molecule 767:774 a recognition molecule 753:774 a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd) 753:965 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 4 8 theme boronic 723:729 arg1 APBA 737:740 APBA 737:740 APBA 737:740 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 4 8 theme boronic 723:729 arg1 acid 731:734 the aminophenyl boronic acid 707:734 the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) 707:741 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 1 9 theme suitable 241:248 arg1 strategies 262:271 suitable therapeutic strategies 241:271 suitable therapeutic strategies for cancer patients 241:291 Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a key issue in the failure of cancer chemotherapy and its detection will be helpful to develop suitable therapeutic strategies for cancer patients and overcome the death rates. 25845334 0 10 theme amperometric 88:99 arg1 nanobiosensor 101:113 an amperometric nanobiosensor 85:113 an amperometric nanobiosensor 85:113 Ultrasensitive detection of drug resistant cancer cells in biological matrixes using an amperometric nanobiosensor. 25845334 5 11 theme cell 998:1001 arg1 detection 1003:1011 the cancer cell detection 987:1011 the cancer cell detection 987:1011 A linear range for the cancer cell detection is obtained between 50 and 100,000 cells/mL with the detection limit of 23±2 cells/mL. 25845334 4 12 theme aminophenyl 711:721 arg1 molecule 767:774 a recognition molecule 753:774 a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd) 753:965 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 4 12 theme aminophenyl 711:721 arg1 APBA 737:740 APBA 737:740 APBA 737:740 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 4 12 theme aminophenyl 711:721 arg1 acid 731:734 the aminophenyl boronic acid 707:734 the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) 707:741 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 3 13 theme sensor 498:503 arg1 probe 505:509 The sensor probe 494:509 The sensor probe 494:509 The sensor probe is fabricated by immobilizing monoclonal P-gp antibody on the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conducting polymer composite. 25845334 4 14 theme multi-wall 915:924 arg1 nanotube 933:940 multi-wall carbon nanotube 915:940 multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd) 915:965 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 4 14 theme multi-wall 915:924 arg1 MWCNT 943:947 MWCNT 943:947 MWCNT 943:947 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 4 14 theme multi-wall 915:924 arg1 APBA-MWCNT-Hyd 951:964 APBA-MWCNT-Hyd 951:964 APBA-MWCNT-Hyd 951:964 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 1 15 theme therapeutic 250:260 arg1 strategies 262:271 suitable therapeutic strategies 241:271 suitable therapeutic strategies for cancer patients 241:291 Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a key issue in the failure of cancer chemotherapy and its detection will be helpful to develop suitable therapeutic strategies for cancer patients and overcome the death rates. 25845334 4 16 theme H2O2 888:891 arg1 reduction 875:883 the reduction 871:883 the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd) 871:965 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 6 17 theme cancer 1164:1169 arg1 MDRCC 1178:1182 MDRCC 1178:1182 MDRCC 1178:1182 The proposed immunosensor is successfully applied to detect MDR cancer cells (MDRCC) in serum and mixed cell samples. 25845334 6 17 theme cancer 1164:1169 arg1 cells 1171:1175 MDR cancer cells 1160:1175 MDR cancer cells (MDRCC) 1160:1183 The proposed immunosensor is successfully applied to detect MDR cancer cells (MDRCC) in serum and mixed cell samples. 25845334 2 18 theme medical 383:389 arg1 prototype 398:406 a medical device prototype 381:406 a medical device prototype 381:406 In this direction, we designed a new amperometric sensor (a medical device prototype) to detect drug resistant cancer cells by sensing "Permeability glycoprotein (P-gp)". 25845334 2 18 theme medical 383:389 arg1 sensor 373:378 a new amperometric sensor 354:378 a new amperometric sensor (a medical device prototype) 354:407 In this direction, we designed a new amperometric sensor (a medical device prototype) to detect drug resistant cancer cells by sensing "Permeability glycoprotein (P-gp)". 25845334 2 19 gly glycoprotein 472:483 arg1 P-gp 486:489 P-gp 486:489 P-gp 486:489 In this direction, we designed a new amperometric sensor (a medical device prototype) to detect drug resistant cancer cells by sensing "Permeability glycoprotein (P-gp)". 25845334 2 19 gly glycoprotein 472:483 arg1 glycoprotein 472:483 Permeability glycoprotein 459:483 "Permeability glycoprotein (P-gp)" 458:491 In this direction, we designed a new amperometric sensor (a medical device prototype) to detect drug resistant cancer cells by sensing "Permeability glycoprotein (P-gp)". 25845334 2 20 theme glycoprotein 472:483 arg1 " 491:491 "Permeability glycoprotein (P-gp)" 458:491 "Permeability glycoprotein (P-gp)" 458:491 In this direction, we designed a new amperometric sensor (a medical device prototype) to detect drug resistant cancer cells by sensing "Permeability glycoprotein (P-gp)". 25845334 4 21 theme carbon 926:931 arg1 nanotube 933:940 multi-wall carbon nanotube 915:940 multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd) 915:965 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 4 21 theme carbon 926:931 arg1 MWCNT 943:947 MWCNT 943:947 MWCNT 943:947 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 4 21 theme carbon 926:931 arg1 APBA-MWCNT-Hyd 951:964 APBA-MWCNT-Hyd 951:964 APBA-MWCNT-Hyd 951:964 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 2 22 theme amperometric 360:371 arg1 prototype 398:406 a medical device prototype 381:406 a medical device prototype 381:406 In this direction, we designed a new amperometric sensor (a medical device prototype) to detect drug resistant cancer cells by sensing "Permeability glycoprotein (P-gp)". 25845334 2 22 theme amperometric 360:371 arg1 sensor 373:378 a new amperometric sensor 354:378 a new amperometric sensor (a medical device prototype) 354:407 In this direction, we designed a new amperometric sensor (a medical device prototype) to detect drug resistant cancer cells by sensing "Permeability glycoprotein (P-gp)". 25845334 7 23 theme other 1311:1315 arg1 molecules 1326:1334 other chemical molecules 1311:1334 other chemical molecules present in the real sample matrix 1311:1368 Interferences by drug sensitive (SKBr-3 and HeLa), noncancerous cells (HEK-293 and OSE), and other chemical molecules present in the real sample matrix are examined. 25845334 4 24 theme cell 797:800 arg1 glycans 810:816 cell surface glycans 797:816 cell surface glycans 797:816 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 2 25 theme new 356:358 arg1 prototype 398:406 a medical device prototype 381:406 a medical device prototype 381:406 In this direction, we designed a new amperometric sensor (a medical device prototype) to detect drug resistant cancer cells by sensing "Permeability glycoprotein (P-gp)". 25845334 2 25 theme new 356:358 arg1 sensor 373:378 a new amperometric sensor 354:378 a new amperometric sensor (a medical device prototype) 354:407 In this direction, we designed a new amperometric sensor (a medical device prototype) to detect drug resistant cancer cells by sensing "Permeability glycoprotein (P-gp)". 25845334 0 26 theme Ultrasensitive 0:13 arg1 detection 15:23 Ultrasensitive detection 0:23 Ultrasensitive detection of drug resistant cancer cells in biological matrixes using an amperometric nanobiosensor. 0:114 Ultrasensitive detection of drug resistant cancer cells in biological matrixes using an amperometric nanobiosensor. 25845334 8 27 theme proposed 1407:1414 arg1 immunosensor 1416:1427 the proposed immunosensor 1403:1427 the proposed immunosensor 1403:1427 The sensitivity of the proposed immunosensor is excellent compared with the conventional reporter antibody based assay. 25845334 0 28 theme drug 28:31 arg1 cells 50:54 drug resistant cancer cells 28:54 drug resistant cancer cells 28:54 Ultrasensitive detection of drug resistant cancer cells in biological matrixes using an amperometric nanobiosensor. 25845334 4 29 theme recognition 755:765 arg1 acid 731:734 the aminophenyl boronic acid 707:734 the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) 707:741 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 4 29 theme recognition 755:765 arg1 molecule 767:774 a recognition molecule 753:774 a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd) 753:965 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 2 30 theme device 391:396 arg1 prototype 398:406 a medical device prototype 381:406 a medical device prototype 381:406 In this direction, we designed a new amperometric sensor (a medical device prototype) to detect drug resistant cancer cells by sensing "Permeability glycoprotein (P-gp)". 25845334 2 30 theme device 391:396 arg1 sensor 373:378 a new amperometric sensor 354:378 a new amperometric sensor (a medical device prototype) 354:407 In this direction, we designed a new amperometric sensor (a medical device prototype) to detect drug resistant cancer cells by sensing "Permeability glycoprotein (P-gp)". 25845334 1 31 theme cancer 277:282 arg1 patients 284:291 cancer patients 277:291 cancer patients 277:291 Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a key issue in the failure of cancer chemotherapy and its detection will be helpful to develop suitable therapeutic strategies for cancer patients and overcome the death rates. 25845334 1 32 theme Multidrug 116:124 arg1 MDR 138:140 MDR 138:140 MDR 138:140 Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a key issue in the failure of cancer chemotherapy and its detection will be helpful to develop suitable therapeutic strategies for cancer patients and overcome the death rates. 25845334 1 32 theme Multidrug 116:124 arg1 resistance 126:135 Multidrug resistance 116:135 Multidrug resistance (MDR) 116:141 Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a key issue in the failure of cancer chemotherapy and its detection will be helpful to develop suitable therapeutic strategies for cancer patients and overcome the death rates. 25845334 1 32 theme Multidrug 116:124 arg1 issue 152:156 a key issue 146:156 a key issue in the failure of cancer chemotherapy 146:194 Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a key issue in the failure of cancer chemotherapy and its detection will be helpful to develop suitable therapeutic strategies for cancer patients and overcome the death rates. 25845334 1 33 theme chemotherapy 183:194 arg1 failure 165:171 the failure 161:171 the failure of cancer chemotherapy 161:194 Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a key issue in the failure of cancer chemotherapy and its detection will be helpful to develop suitable therapeutic strategies for cancer patients and overcome the death rates. 25845334 0 34 theme cancer 43:48 arg1 cells 50:54 drug resistant cancer cells 28:54 drug resistant cancer cells 28:54 Ultrasensitive detection of drug resistant cancer cells in biological matrixes using an amperometric nanobiosensor. 25845334 5 35 theme cells/mL 1090:1097 arg1 limit 1076:1080 the detection limit 1062:1080 the detection limit of 23±2 cells/mL 1062:1097 A linear range for the cancer cell detection is obtained between 50 and 100,000 cells/mL with the detection limit of 23±2 cells/mL. 25845334 3 36 theme P-gp 552:555 arg1 antibody 557:564 monoclonal P-gp antibody 541:564 monoclonal P-gp antibody 541:564 The sensor probe is fabricated by immobilizing monoclonal P-gp antibody on the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conducting polymer composite. 25845334 7 37 from present 1336:1342 arg1 matrix 1363:1368 the real sample matrix 1347:1368 the real sample matrix 1347:1368 Interferences by drug sensitive (SKBr-3 and HeLa), noncancerous cells (HEK-293 and OSE), and other chemical molecules present in the real sample matrix are examined. 25845334 2 38 theme cancer 434:439 arg1 cells 441:445 drug resistant cancer cells 419:445 drug resistant cancer cells 419:445 In this direction, we designed a new amperometric sensor (a medical device prototype) to detect drug resistant cancer cells by sensing "Permeability glycoprotein (P-gp)". 25845334 7 39 theme present 1336:1342 arg1 molecules 1326:1334 other chemical molecules 1311:1334 other chemical molecules present in the real sample matrix 1311:1368 Interferences by drug sensitive (SKBr-3 and HeLa), noncancerous cells (HEK-293 and OSE), and other chemical molecules present in the real sample matrix are examined. 25845334 0 40 theme resistant 33:41 arg1 cells 50:54 drug resistant cancer cells 28:54 drug resistant cancer cells 28:54 Ultrasensitive detection of drug resistant cancer cells in biological matrixes using an amperometric nanobiosensor. 25845334 5 41 theme detection 1066:1074 arg1 limit 1076:1080 the detection limit 1062:1080 the detection limit of 23±2 cells/mL 1062:1097 A linear range for the cancer cell detection is obtained between 50 and 100,000 cells/mL with the detection limit of 23±2 cells/mL. 25845334 2 42 theme resistant 424:432 arg1 cells 441:445 drug resistant cancer cells 419:445 drug resistant cancer cells 419:445 In this direction, we designed a new amperometric sensor (a medical device prototype) to detect drug resistant cancer cells by sensing "Permeability glycoprotein (P-gp)". 25845334 6 43 theme cell 1204:1207 arg1 samples 1209:1215 mixed cell samples 1198:1215 mixed cell samples 1198:1215 The proposed immunosensor is successfully applied to detect MDR cancer cells (MDRCC) in serum and mixed cell samples. 25845334 5 44 theme cancer 991:996 arg1 detection 1003:1011 the cancer cell detection 987:1011 the cancer cell detection 987:1011 A linear range for the cancer cell detection is obtained between 50 and 100,000 cells/mL with the detection limit of 23±2 cells/mL. 25845334 0 45 theme cells 50:54 arg1 detection 15:23 Ultrasensitive detection 0:23 Ultrasensitive detection of drug resistant cancer cells in biological matrixes using an amperometric nanobiosensor. 0:114 Ultrasensitive detection of drug resistant cancer cells in biological matrixes using an amperometric nanobiosensor. 25845334 6 46 theme mixed 1198:1202 arg1 samples 1209:1215 mixed cell samples 1198:1215 mixed cell samples 1198:1215 The proposed immunosensor is successfully applied to detect MDR cancer cells (MDRCC) in serum and mixed cell samples. 25845334 8 47 theme immunosensor 1416:1427 arg1 sensitivity 1388:1398 The sensitivity 1384:1398 The sensitivity of the proposed immunosensor 1384:1427 The sensitivity of the proposed immunosensor is excellent compared with the conventional reporter antibody based assay. 25845334 8 47 theme immunosensor 1416:1427 arg1 excellent 1432:1440 excellent 1432:1440 excellent 1432:1440 The sensitivity of the proposed immunosensor is excellent compared with the conventional reporter antibody based assay. 25845334 3 48 theme monoclonal 541:550 arg1 antibody 557:564 monoclonal P-gp antibody 541:564 monoclonal P-gp antibody 541:564 The sensor probe is fabricated by immobilizing monoclonal P-gp antibody on the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conducting polymer composite. 25845334 4 49 attach attached 903:910 arg3 MWCNT 943:947 MWCNT 943:947 MWCNT 943:947 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 4 49 attach attached 903:910 arg3 nanotube 933:940 multi-wall carbon nanotube 915:940 multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd) 915:965 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 4 49 attach attached 903:910 arg2 H2O2 888:891 H2O2 888:891 H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd) 888:965 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 4 49 attach attached 903:910 arg3 APBA-MWCNT-Hyd 951:964 APBA-MWCNT-Hyd 951:964 APBA-MWCNT-Hyd 951:964 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 4 50 theme sandwich-type 656:668 arg1 approach 670:677 a sandwich-type approach 654:677 a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd) 654:965 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 1 51 theme death 310:314 arg1 rates 316:320 the death rates 306:320 the death rates 306:320 Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a key issue in the failure of cancer chemotherapy and its detection will be helpful to develop suitable therapeutic strategies for cancer patients and overcome the death rates. 25845334 7 52 theme sample 1356:1361 arg1 matrix 1363:1368 the real sample matrix 1347:1368 the real sample matrix 1347:1368 Interferences by drug sensitive (SKBr-3 and HeLa), noncancerous cells (HEK-293 and OSE), and other chemical molecules present in the real sample matrix are examined. 25845334 3 53 theme gold 573:576 arg1 AuNPs 593:597 AuNPs 593:597 AuNPs 593:597 The sensor probe is fabricated by immobilizing monoclonal P-gp antibody on the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conducting polymer composite. 25845334 3 53 theme gold 573:576 arg1 nanoparticles 578:590 the gold nanoparticles 569:590 the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conducting polymer composite 569:627 The sensor probe is fabricated by immobilizing monoclonal P-gp antibody on the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conducting polymer composite. 25845334 6 54 theme MDR 1160:1162 arg1 MDRCC 1178:1182 MDRCC 1178:1182 MDRCC 1178:1182 The proposed immunosensor is successfully applied to detect MDR cancer cells (MDRCC) in serum and mixed cell samples. 25845334 6 54 theme MDR 1160:1162 arg1 cells 1171:1175 MDR cancer cells 1160:1175 MDR cancer cells (MDRCC) 1160:1183 The proposed immunosensor is successfully applied to detect MDR cancer cells (MDRCC) in serum and mixed cell samples. 25845334 7 55 from matrix 1363:1368 arg1 present 1336:1342 present 1336:1342 present 1336:1342 Interferences by drug sensitive (SKBr-3 and HeLa), noncancerous cells (HEK-293 and OSE), and other chemical molecules present in the real sample matrix are examined. 25845334 8 56 theme reporter 1473:1480 arg1 assay 1497:1501 the conventional reporter antibody based assay 1456:1501 the conventional reporter antibody based assay 1456:1501 The sensitivity of the proposed immunosensor is excellent compared with the conventional reporter antibody based assay. 25845334 3 57 theme polymer 611:617 arg1 composite 619:627 polymer composite 611:627 polymer composite 611:627 The sensor probe is fabricated by immobilizing monoclonal P-gp antibody on the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conducting polymer composite. 25845334 6 58 theme proposed 1104:1111 arg1 immunosensor 1113:1124 The proposed immunosensor 1100:1124 The proposed immunosensor 1100:1124 The proposed immunosensor is successfully applied to detect MDR cancer cells (MDRCC) in serum and mixed cell samples. 25845334 7 59 dep sensitive 1240:1248 arg1 HeLa 1262:1265 HeLa 1262:1265 HeLa 1262:1265 Interferences by drug sensitive (SKBr-3 and HeLa), noncancerous cells (HEK-293 and OSE), and other chemical molecules present in the real sample matrix are examined. 25845334 7 59 dep sensitive 1240:1248 arg1 noncancerous 1269:1280 noncancerous 1269:1280 noncancerous 1269:1280 Interferences by drug sensitive (SKBr-3 and HeLa), noncancerous cells (HEK-293 and OSE), and other chemical molecules present in the real sample matrix are examined. 25845334 7 59 dep sensitive 1240:1248 arg1 SKBr-3 1251:1256 SKBr-3 1251:1256 SKBr-3 1251:1256 Interferences by drug sensitive (SKBr-3 and HeLa), noncancerous cells (HEK-293 and OSE), and other chemical molecules present in the real sample matrix are examined. 25845334 8 60 theme conventional 1460:1471 arg1 assay 1497:1501 the conventional reporter antibody based assay 1456:1501 the conventional reporter antibody based assay 1456:1501 The sensitivity of the proposed immunosensor is excellent compared with the conventional reporter antibody based assay. 25845334 2 61 theme Permeability 459:470 arg1 P-gp 486:489 P-gp 486:489 P-gp 486:489 In this direction, we designed a new amperometric sensor (a medical device prototype) to detect drug resistant cancer cells by sensing "Permeability glycoprotein (P-gp)". 25845334 2 61 theme Permeability 459:470 arg1 glycoprotein 472:483 Permeability glycoprotein 459:483 "Permeability glycoprotein (P-gp)" 458:491 In this direction, we designed a new amperometric sensor (a medical device prototype) to detect drug resistant cancer cells by sensing "Permeability glycoprotein (P-gp)". 25845334 5 62 theme linear 970:975 arg1 range 977:981 A linear range 968:981 A linear range for the cancer cell detection 968:1011 A linear range for the cancer cell detection is obtained between 50 and 100,000 cells/mL with the detection limit of 23±2 cells/mL. 25845334 1 63 theme cancer 176:181 arg1 chemotherapy 183:194 cancer chemotherapy 176:194 cancer chemotherapy 176:194 Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a key issue in the failure of cancer chemotherapy and its detection will be helpful to develop suitable therapeutic strategies for cancer patients and overcome the death rates. 25845334 8 64 theme based 1491:1495 arg1 assay 1497:1501 the conventional reporter antibody based assay 1456:1501 the conventional reporter antibody based assay 1456:1501 The sensitivity of the proposed immunosensor is excellent compared with the conventional reporter antibody based assay. 25845334 0 65 theme biological 59:68 arg1 matrixes 70:77 biological matrixes 59:77 biological matrixes using an amperometric nanobiosensor 59:113 Ultrasensitive detection of drug resistant cancer cells in biological matrixes using an amperometric nanobiosensor. 25845334 7 66 theme sensitive 1240:1248 arg1 OSE 1301:1303 OSE 1301:1303 OSE 1301:1303 Interferences by drug sensitive (SKBr-3 and HeLa), noncancerous cells (HEK-293 and OSE), and other chemical molecules present in the real sample matrix are examined. 25845334 7 66 theme sensitive 1240:1248 arg1 HEK-293 1289:1295 HEK-293 1289:1295 HEK-293 1289:1295 Interferences by drug sensitive (SKBr-3 and HeLa), noncancerous cells (HEK-293 and OSE), and other chemical molecules present in the real sample matrix are examined. 25845334 7 66 theme sensitive 1240:1248 arg1 cells 1282:1286 drug sensitive (SKBr-3 and HeLa), noncancerous cells 1235:1286 drug sensitive (SKBr-3 and HeLa), noncancerous cells (HEK-293 and OSE) 1235:1304 Interferences by drug sensitive (SKBr-3 and HeLa), noncancerous cells (HEK-293 and OSE), and other chemical molecules present in the real sample matrix are examined. 25845334 4 67 dep glycans 810:816 arg1 the 793:795 the 793:795 the 793:795 The detection relies on a sandwich-type approach using a bioconjugate, where the aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) served as a recognition molecule which binds with the cell surface glycans and hydrazine (Hyd) served as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of H2O2 which are attached on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (APBA-MWCNT-Hyd). 25845334 7 68 dep cells 1282:1286 arg1 OSE 1301:1303 OSE 1301:1303 OSE 1301:1303 Interferences by drug sensitive (SKBr-3 and HeLa), noncancerous cells (HEK-293 and OSE), and other chemical molecules present in the real sample matrix are examined. 25845334 7 68 dep cells 1282:1286 arg1 HEK-293 1289:1295 HEK-293 1289:1295 HEK-293 1289:1295 Interferences by drug sensitive (SKBr-3 and HeLa), noncancerous cells (HEK-293 and OSE), and other chemical molecules present in the real sample matrix are examined. 25845334 7 68 dep cells 1282:1286 arg1 cells 1282:1286 drug sensitive (SKBr-3 and HeLa), noncancerous cells 1235:1286 drug sensitive (SKBr-3 and HeLa), noncancerous cells (HEK-293 and OSE) 1235:1304 Interferences by drug sensitive (SKBr-3 and HeLa), noncancerous cells (HEK-293 and OSE), and other chemical molecules present in the real sample matrix are examined. 25845334 8 69 theme antibody 1482:1489 arg1 assay 1497:1501 the conventional reporter antibody based assay 1456:1501 the conventional reporter antibody based assay 1456:1501 The sensitivity of the proposed immunosensor is excellent compared with the conventional reporter antibody based assay. 26637460 9 0 from replication 1896:1906 arg1 cells 1939:1943 lung cells 1934:1943 lung cells 1934:1943 Our results demonstrate not only the molecular mechanism underlying rapid mucin production during IAV infection but also the contribution of O-linked glycosylation to the replication and propagation of IAV in lung cells. 26637460 11 1 theme mucin-type 2147:2156 arg1 glycosylation 2167:2179 mucin-type O-linked glycosylation 2147:2179 mucin-type O-linked glycosylation 2147:2179 However, the details of how mucin-type O-linked glycosylation is initiated by IAV infection and how mucin production affects viral replication have not yet been elucidated. 26637460 9 2 theme lung 1934:1937 arg1 cells 1939:1943 lung cells 1934:1943 lung cells 1934:1943 Our results demonstrate not only the molecular mechanism underlying rapid mucin production during IAV infection but also the contribution of O-linked glycosylation to the replication and propagation of IAV in lung cells. 26637460 10 3 theme Viral 1957:1961 arg1 infections 1963:1972 IMPORTANCE Viral infections 1946:1972 IMPORTANCE Viral infections 1946:1972 IMPORTANCE Viral infections that affect the upper or lower respiratory tracts, such as IAV, rapidly induce mucin production on the epithelial surfaces of respiratory cells. 26637460 10 3 theme Viral 1957:1961 arg1 IAV 2033:2035 IAV 2033:2035 IAV 2033:2035 IMPORTANCE Viral infections that affect the upper or lower respiratory tracts, such as IAV, rapidly induce mucin production on the epithelial surfaces of respiratory cells. 26637460 5 4 theme O-glycosylation 1148:1162 arg1 modifications 1164:1176 mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications 1137:1176 mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells 1137:1223 A lectin microarray analysis revealed that the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells induces mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that GALNT3 promotes mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in IAV-infected cells. 26637460 13 5 from replication 2590:2600 arg1 cells 2614:2618 infected cells 2605:2618 infected cells 2605:2618 We also demonstrate that the expression of GALNT3 initiates mucin production and affects IAV replication in infected cells. 26637460 2 6 theme cells 570:574 arg1 surfaces 535:542 the surfaces 531:542 the surfaces of respiratory epithelial cells 531:574 Although mucin production is associated with the inhibition of virus transmission as well as characteristic clinical symptoms, little is known regarding how mucins are produced on the surfaces of respiratory epithelial cells and how they affect IAV replication. 26637460 4 7 theme bronchial 985:993 arg1 cells 1006:1010 bronchial epithelial cells 985:1010 bronchial epithelial cells 985:1010 We demonstrated that the expression of GALNT3 mRNA is upregulated in an IAV replication-dependent fashion and leads to mucin production in bronchial epithelial cells. 26637460 5 8 gly glycosylation 1278:1290 arg1 cells 1308:1312 IAV-infected cells 1295:1312 IAV-infected cells 1295:1312 A lectin microarray analysis revealed that the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells induces mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that GALNT3 promotes mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in IAV-infected cells. 26637460 5 9 theme similar 1178:1184 arg1 modifications 1164:1176 mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications 1137:1176 mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells 1137:1223 A lectin microarray analysis revealed that the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells induces mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that GALNT3 promotes mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in IAV-infected cells. 26637460 7 10 theme IAV 1460:1462 arg1 replication 1464:1474 IAV replication 1460:1474 IAV replication 1460:1474 Furthermore, IAV replication was markedly decreased in embryonic fibroblast cells obtained from galnt3-knockout mice. 26637460 9 11 dep replication 1896:1906 arg1 the 1892:1894 the 1892:1894 the 1892:1894 Our results demonstrate not only the molecular mechanism underlying rapid mucin production during IAV infection but also the contribution of O-linked glycosylation to the replication and propagation of IAV in lung cells. 26637460 6 12 theme IAV 1430:1432 arg1 replication 1434:1444 IAV replication 1430:1444 IAV replication 1430:1444 Notably, analyses using short interfering RNAs and miRNA mimics showed that GALNT3 knockdown significantly reduces IAV replication. 26637460 15 13 theme IAV 2856:2858 arg1 replication 2860:2870 IAV replication 2856:2870 IAV replication 2856:2870 Our results have broad implications for understanding IAV replication and suggest a strategy for the development of novel anti-influenza approaches. 26637460 1 14 theme mucins 248:253 arg1 expression 234:243 the expression 230:243 the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract 230:348 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. 26637460 15 15 theme approaches 2939:2948 arg1 development 2903:2913 the development 2899:2913 the development of novel anti-influenza approaches 2899:2948 Our results have broad implications for understanding IAV replication and suggest a strategy for the development of novel anti-influenza approaches. 26637460 13 16 theme mucin 2557:2561 arg1 production 2563:2572 mucin production 2557:2572 mucin production 2557:2572 We also demonstrate that the expression of GALNT3 initiates mucin production and affects IAV replication in infected cells. 26637460 15 17 theme novel 2918:2922 arg1 approaches 2939:2948 novel anti-influenza approaches 2918:2948 novel anti-influenza approaches 2918:2948 Our results have broad implications for understanding IAV replication and suggest a strategy for the development of novel anti-influenza approaches. 26637460 12 18 theme GALNT3 2484:2489 arg1 mRNA 2491:2494 GALNT3 mRNA 2484:2494 GALNT3 mRNA 2484:2494 In this study, we show that levels of two miRNAs that target the UDP-GalNAc transferase GALNT3 are markedly decreased during the early stage of IAV infection, resulting in the upregulation of GALNT3 mRNA. 26637460 10 19 theme respiratory 2005:2015 arg1 tracts 2017:2022 lower respiratory tracts 1999:2022 lower respiratory tracts 1999:2022 IMPORTANCE Viral infections that affect the upper or lower respiratory tracts, such as IAV, rapidly induce mucin production on the epithelial surfaces of respiratory cells. 26637460 0 20 theme Enhanced 100:107 arg1 Replication 115:125 Enhanced Viral Replication 100:125 Enhanced Viral Replication 100:125 Influenza A Virus-Induced Expression of a GalNAc Transferase, GALNT3, via MicroRNAs Is Required for Enhanced Viral Replication. 26637460 1 21 theme upper 175:179 arg1 tracts 203:208 the upper and lower respiratory tracts 171:208 the upper and lower respiratory tracts 171:208 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. 26637460 8 22 from mortality 1629:1637 arg1 lungs 1682:1686 the lungs 1678:1686 the lungs 1678:1686 Interestingly, IAV-infected galnt3-knockout mice exhibited high mortality and severe pathological alterations in the lungs compared to those of wild-type mice. 26637460 11 23 theme IAV 2197:2199 arg1 infection 2201:2209 IAV infection 2197:2209 IAV infection 2197:2209 However, the details of how mucin-type O-linked glycosylation is initiated by IAV infection and how mucin production affects viral replication have not yet been elucidated. 26637460 1 24 theme lower 185:189 arg1 tracts 203:208 the upper and lower respiratory tracts 171:208 the upper and lower respiratory tracts 171:208 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. 26637460 2 25 theme respiratory 547:557 arg1 cells 570:574 respiratory epithelial cells 547:574 respiratory epithelial cells 547:574 Although mucin production is associated with the inhibition of virus transmission as well as characteristic clinical symptoms, little is known regarding how mucins are produced on the surfaces of respiratory epithelial cells and how they affect IAV replication. 26637460 12 26 theme transferase 2368:2378 arg1 GALNT3 2380:2385 the UDP-GalNAc transferase GALNT3 2353:2385 the UDP-GalNAc transferase GALNT3 2353:2385 In this study, we show that levels of two miRNAs that target the UDP-GalNAc transferase GALNT3 are markedly decreased during the early stage of IAV infection, resulting in the upregulation of GALNT3 mRNA. 26637460 3 27 theme GalNAc 702:707 arg1 transferase 709:719 GalNAc transferase 3 702:721 GalNAc transferase 3 (GALNT3) mRNA 702:735 In this study, we found that two microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-17-3p and miR-221, which target GalNAc transferase 3 (GALNT3) mRNA, are rapidly downregulated in human alveolar basal epithelial cells during the early stage of IAV infection. 26637460 3 27 theme GalNAc 702:707 arg1 GALNT3 724:729 GALNT3 724:729 GALNT3 724:729 In this study, we found that two microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-17-3p and miR-221, which target GalNAc transferase 3 (GALNT3) mRNA, are rapidly downregulated in human alveolar basal epithelial cells during the early stage of IAV infection. 26637460 3 28 theme basal 782:786 arg1 cells 799:803 human alveolar basal epithelial cells 767:803 human alveolar basal epithelial cells 767:803 In this study, we found that two microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-17-3p and miR-221, which target GalNAc transferase 3 (GALNT3) mRNA, are rapidly downregulated in human alveolar basal epithelial cells during the early stage of IAV infection. 26637460 8 29 from alterations 1663:1673 arg1 lungs 1682:1686 the lungs 1678:1686 the lungs 1678:1686 Interestingly, IAV-infected galnt3-knockout mice exhibited high mortality and severe pathological alterations in the lungs compared to those of wild-type mice. 26637460 1 30 gly O-glycosylated 273:286 arg1 mucins 248:253 mucins 248:253 mucins 248:253 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. 26637460 1 30 gly O-glycosylated 273:286 arg1 proteins 288:295 common O-glycosylated proteins 266:295 common O-glycosylated proteins 266:295 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. 26637460 3 31 theme human 767:771 arg1 cells 799:803 human alveolar basal epithelial cells 767:803 human alveolar basal epithelial cells 767:803 In this study, we found that two microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-17-3p and miR-221, which target GalNAc transferase 3 (GALNT3) mRNA, are rapidly downregulated in human alveolar basal epithelial cells during the early stage of IAV infection. 26637460 9 32 theme rapid 1793:1797 arg1 production 1805:1814 rapid mucin production 1793:1814 rapid mucin production 1793:1814 Our results demonstrate not only the molecular mechanism underlying rapid mucin production during IAV infection but also the contribution of O-linked glycosylation to the replication and propagation of IAV in lung cells. 26637460 5 33 theme mucin-type 1258:1267 arg1 glycosylation 1278:1290 mucin-type O-linked glycosylation 1258:1290 mucin-type O-linked glycosylation 1258:1290 A lectin microarray analysis revealed that the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells induces mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that GALNT3 promotes mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in IAV-infected cells. 26637460 6 34 theme miRNA 1366:1370 arg1 mimics 1372:1377 miRNA mimics 1366:1377 miRNA mimics 1366:1377 Notably, analyses using short interfering RNAs and miRNA mimics showed that GALNT3 knockdown significantly reduces IAV replication. 26637460 1 35 theme Influenza 139:147 arg1 IAV 158:160 IAV 158:160 IAV 158:160 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. 26637460 1 35 theme Influenza 139:147 arg1 virus 151:155 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus 128:155 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) 128:161 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. 26637460 1 36 theme epithelial 305:314 arg1 surfaces 316:323 the epithelial surfaces 301:323 the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract 301:348 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. 26637460 4 37 from production 971:980 arg1 cells 1006:1010 bronchial epithelial cells 985:1010 bronchial epithelial cells 985:1010 We demonstrated that the expression of GALNT3 mRNA is upregulated in an IAV replication-dependent fashion and leads to mucin production in bronchial epithelial cells. 26637460 9 38 theme IAV 1823:1825 arg1 infection 1827:1835 IAV infection 1823:1835 IAV infection 1823:1835 Our results demonstrate not only the molecular mechanism underlying rapid mucin production during IAV infection but also the contribution of O-linked glycosylation to the replication and propagation of IAV in lung cells. 26637460 6 39 theme short 1339:1343 arg1 RNAs 1357:1360 short interfering RNAs 1339:1360 short interfering RNAs 1339:1360 Notably, analyses using short interfering RNAs and miRNA mimics showed that GALNT3 knockdown significantly reduces IAV replication. 26637460 5 40 theme microarray 1022:1031 arg1 analysis 1033:1040 A lectin microarray analysis 1013:1040 A lectin microarray analysis 1013:1040 A lectin microarray analysis revealed that the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells induces mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that GALNT3 promotes mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in IAV-infected cells. 26637460 3 41 theme IAV 831:833 arg1 infection 835:843 IAV infection 831:843 IAV infection 831:843 In this study, we found that two microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-17-3p and miR-221, which target GalNAc transferase 3 (GALNT3) mRNA, are rapidly downregulated in human alveolar basal epithelial cells during the early stage of IAV infection. 26637460 4 42 theme GALNT3 885:890 arg1 mRNA 892:895 GALNT3 mRNA 885:895 GALNT3 mRNA 885:895 We demonstrated that the expression of GALNT3 mRNA is upregulated in an IAV replication-dependent fashion and leads to mucin production in bronchial epithelial cells. 26637460 1 43 theme respiratory 332:342 arg1 tract 344:348 the respiratory tract 328:348 the respiratory tract 328:348 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. 26637460 2 44 theme characteristic 444:457 arg1 symptoms 468:475 characteristic clinical symptoms 444:475 the inhibition of virus transmission as well as characteristic clinical symptoms 396:475 Although mucin production is associated with the inhibition of virus transmission as well as characteristic clinical symptoms, little is known regarding how mucins are produced on the surfaces of respiratory epithelial cells and how they affect IAV replication. 26637460 2 45 theme transmission 420:431 arg1 inhibition 400:409 the inhibition 396:409 the inhibition of virus transmission as well as characteristic clinical symptoms 396:475 Although mucin production is associated with the inhibition of virus transmission as well as characteristic clinical symptoms, little is known regarding how mucins are produced on the surfaces of respiratory epithelial cells and how they affect IAV replication. 26637460 2 45 theme transmission 420:431 arg1 symptoms 468:475 characteristic clinical symptoms 444:475 the inhibition of virus transmission as well as characteristic clinical symptoms 396:475 Although mucin production is associated with the inhibition of virus transmission as well as characteristic clinical symptoms, little is known regarding how mucins are produced on the surfaces of respiratory epithelial cells and how they affect IAV replication. 26637460 0 46 theme Influenza 0:8 arg1 Expression 26:35 Influenza A Virus-Induced Expression 0:35 Influenza A Virus-Induced Expression of a GalNAc Transferase, GALNT3, via MicroRNAs 0:82 Influenza A Virus-Induced Expression of a GalNAc Transferase, GALNT3, via MicroRNAs Is Required for Enhanced Viral Replication. 26637460 5 47 theme basal 1106:1110 arg1 cells 1123:1127 human alveolar basal epithelial cells 1091:1127 human alveolar basal epithelial cells 1091:1127 A lectin microarray analysis revealed that the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells induces mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that GALNT3 promotes mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in IAV-infected cells. 26637460 14 48 theme viral 2783:2787 arg1 replication 2789:2799 viral replication 2783:2799 viral replication 2783:2799 This is the first report demonstrating the mechanism underlying the miRNA-mediated initiation of mucin-type O-glycosylation in IAV-infected cells and its role in viral replication. 26637460 4 49 theme mucin 965:969 arg1 production 971:980 mucin production 965:980 mucin production in bronchial epithelial cells 965:1010 We demonstrated that the expression of GALNT3 mRNA is upregulated in an IAV replication-dependent fashion and leads to mucin production in bronchial epithelial cells. 26637460 0 50 theme Virus-Induced 12:24 arg1 Expression 26:35 Influenza A Virus-Induced Expression 0:35 Influenza A Virus-Induced Expression of a GalNAc Transferase, GALNT3, via MicroRNAs 0:82 Influenza A Virus-Induced Expression of a GalNAc Transferase, GALNT3, via MicroRNAs Is Required for Enhanced Viral Replication. 26637460 7 51 theme galnt3-knockout 1543:1557 arg1 mice 1559:1562 galnt3-knockout mice 1543:1562 galnt3-knockout mice 1543:1562 Furthermore, IAV replication was markedly decreased in embryonic fibroblast cells obtained from galnt3-knockout mice. 26637460 14 52 from role 2775:2778 arg1 replication 2789:2799 viral replication 2783:2799 viral replication 2783:2799 This is the first report demonstrating the mechanism underlying the miRNA-mediated initiation of mucin-type O-glycosylation in IAV-infected cells and its role in viral replication. 26637460 4 53 theme IAV 918:920 arg1 fashion 944:950 an IAV replication-dependent fashion 915:950 an IAV replication-dependent fashion 915:950 We demonstrated that the expression of GALNT3 mRNA is upregulated in an IAV replication-dependent fashion and leads to mucin production in bronchial epithelial cells. 26637460 5 54 theme IAV-infected 1295:1306 arg1 cells 1308:1312 IAV-infected cells 1295:1312 IAV-infected cells 1295:1312 A lectin microarray analysis revealed that the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells induces mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that GALNT3 promotes mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in IAV-infected cells. 26637460 6 55 theme GALNT3 1391:1396 arg1 knockdown 1398:1406 GALNT3 knockdown 1391:1406 GALNT3 knockdown 1391:1406 Notably, analyses using short interfering RNAs and miRNA mimics showed that GALNT3 knockdown significantly reduces IAV replication. 26637460 1 56 theme common 266:271 arg1 mucins 248:253 mucins 248:253 mucins 248:253 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. 26637460 1 56 theme common 266:271 arg1 proteins 288:295 common O-glycosylated proteins 266:295 common O-glycosylated proteins 266:295 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. 26637460 11 57 theme mucin 2219:2223 arg1 production 2225:2234 mucin production 2219:2234 mucin production 2219:2234 However, the details of how mucin-type O-linked glycosylation is initiated by IAV infection and how mucin production affects viral replication have not yet been elucidated. 26637460 5 58 theme GALNT3 1081:1086 arg1 expression 1067:1076 the stable expression 1056:1076 the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells 1056:1127 A lectin microarray analysis revealed that the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells induces mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that GALNT3 promotes mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in IAV-infected cells. 26637460 4 59 theme mRNA 892:895 arg1 expression 871:880 the expression 867:880 the expression of GALNT3 mRNA 867:895 We demonstrated that the expression of GALNT3 mRNA is upregulated in an IAV replication-dependent fashion and leads to mucin production in bronchial epithelial cells. 26637460 0 60 theme GalNAc 42:47 arg1 GALNT3 62:67 GALNT3 62:67 GALNT3 62:67 Influenza A Virus-Induced Expression of a GalNAc Transferase, GALNT3, via MicroRNAs Is Required for Enhanced Viral Replication. 26637460 0 60 theme GalNAc 42:47 arg1 Transferase 49:59 a GalNAc Transferase 40:59 a GalNAc Transferase 40:59 Influenza A Virus-Induced Expression of a GalNAc Transferase, GALNT3, via MicroRNAs Is Required for Enhanced Viral Replication. 26637460 5 61 theme human 1091:1095 arg1 cells 1123:1127 human alveolar basal epithelial cells 1091:1127 human alveolar basal epithelial cells 1091:1127 A lectin microarray analysis revealed that the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells induces mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that GALNT3 promotes mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in IAV-infected cells. 26637460 7 62 theme fibroblast 1512:1521 arg1 cells 1523:1527 embryonic fibroblast cells 1502:1527 embryonic fibroblast cells obtained from galnt3-knockout mice 1502:1562 Furthermore, IAV replication was markedly decreased in embryonic fibroblast cells obtained from galnt3-knockout mice. 26637460 14 63 theme IAV-infected 2748:2759 arg1 cells 2761:2765 IAV-infected cells 2748:2765 IAV-infected cells 2748:2765 This is the first report demonstrating the mechanism underlying the miRNA-mediated initiation of mucin-type O-glycosylation in IAV-infected cells and its role in viral replication. 26637460 1 64 theme respiratory 191:201 arg1 tracts 203:208 the upper and lower respiratory tracts 171:208 the upper and lower respiratory tracts 171:208 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. 26637460 14 65 theme O-glycosylation 2729:2743 arg1 initiation 2704:2713 the miRNA-mediated initiation 2685:2713 the miRNA-mediated initiation of mucin-type O-glycosylation in IAV-infected cells 2685:2765 This is the first report demonstrating the mechanism underlying the miRNA-mediated initiation of mucin-type O-glycosylation in IAV-infected cells and its role in viral replication. 26637460 10 66 theme respiratory 2100:2110 arg1 cells 2112:2116 respiratory cells 2100:2116 respiratory cells 2100:2116 IMPORTANCE Viral infections that affect the upper or lower respiratory tracts, such as IAV, rapidly induce mucin production on the epithelial surfaces of respiratory cells. 26637460 14 67 from initiation 2704:2713 arg1 cells 2761:2765 IAV-infected cells 2748:2765 IAV-infected cells 2748:2765 This is the first report demonstrating the mechanism underlying the miRNA-mediated initiation of mucin-type O-glycosylation in IAV-infected cells and its role in viral replication. 26637460 8 68 theme severe 1643:1648 arg1 alterations 1663:1673 severe pathological alterations 1643:1673 severe pathological alterations in the lungs 1643:1686 Interestingly, IAV-infected galnt3-knockout mice exhibited high mortality and severe pathological alterations in the lungs compared to those of wild-type mice. 26637460 1 69 from proteins 288:295 arg1 surfaces 316:323 the epithelial surfaces 301:323 the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract 301:348 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. 26637460 8 70 theme wild-type 1709:1717 arg1 mice 1719:1722 wild-type mice 1709:1722 wild-type mice 1709:1722 Interestingly, IAV-infected galnt3-knockout mice exhibited high mortality and severe pathological alterations in the lungs compared to those of wild-type mice. 26637460 5 71 theme mucin-type 1137:1146 arg1 modifications 1164:1176 mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications 1137:1176 mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells 1137:1223 A lectin microarray analysis revealed that the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells induces mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that GALNT3 promotes mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in IAV-infected cells. 26637460 11 72 theme O-linked 2158:2165 arg1 glycosylation 2167:2179 mucin-type O-linked glycosylation 2147:2179 mucin-type O-linked glycosylation 2147:2179 However, the details of how mucin-type O-linked glycosylation is initiated by IAV infection and how mucin production affects viral replication have not yet been elucidated. 26637460 14 73 theme miRNA-mediated 2689:2702 arg1 initiation 2704:2713 the miRNA-mediated initiation 2685:2713 the miRNA-mediated initiation of mucin-type O-glycosylation in IAV-infected cells 2685:2765 This is the first report demonstrating the mechanism underlying the miRNA-mediated initiation of mucin-type O-glycosylation in IAV-infected cells and its role in viral replication. 26637460 4 74 theme epithelial 995:1004 arg1 cells 1006:1010 bronchial epithelial cells 985:1010 bronchial epithelial cells 985:1010 We demonstrated that the expression of GALNT3 mRNA is upregulated in an IAV replication-dependent fashion and leads to mucin production in bronchial epithelial cells. 26637460 10 75 theme IMPORTANCE 1946:1955 arg1 infections 1963:1972 IMPORTANCE Viral infections 1946:1972 IMPORTANCE Viral infections 1946:1972 IMPORTANCE Viral infections that affect the upper or lower respiratory tracts, such as IAV, rapidly induce mucin production on the epithelial surfaces of respiratory cells. 26637460 10 75 theme IMPORTANCE 1946:1955 arg1 IAV 2033:2035 IAV 2033:2035 IAV 2033:2035 IMPORTANCE Viral infections that affect the upper or lower respiratory tracts, such as IAV, rapidly induce mucin production on the epithelial surfaces of respiratory cells. 26637460 8 76 theme galnt3-knockout 1593:1607 arg1 mice 1609:1612 IAV-infected galnt3-knockout mice 1580:1612 IAV-infected galnt3-knockout mice 1580:1612 Interestingly, IAV-infected galnt3-knockout mice exhibited high mortality and severe pathological alterations in the lungs compared to those of wild-type mice. 26637460 2 77 theme epithelial 559:568 arg1 cells 570:574 respiratory epithelial cells 547:574 respiratory epithelial cells 547:574 Although mucin production is associated with the inhibition of virus transmission as well as characteristic clinical symptoms, little is known regarding how mucins are produced on the surfaces of respiratory epithelial cells and how they affect IAV replication. 26637460 15 78 theme broad 2819:2823 arg1 implications 2825:2836 broad implications 2819:2836 broad implications for understanding IAV replication 2819:2870 Our results have broad implications for understanding IAV replication and suggest a strategy for the development of novel anti-influenza approaches. 26637460 13 79 theme infected 2605:2612 arg1 cells 2614:2618 infected cells 2605:2618 infected cells 2605:2618 We also demonstrate that the expression of GALNT3 initiates mucin production and affects IAV replication in infected cells. 26637460 2 80 theme IAV 596:598 arg1 replication 600:610 IAV replication 596:610 IAV replication 596:610 Although mucin production is associated with the inhibition of virus transmission as well as characteristic clinical symptoms, little is known regarding how mucins are produced on the surfaces of respiratory epithelial cells and how they affect IAV replication. 26637460 5 81 from cells 1219:1223 arg1 present 1195:1201 present 1195:1201 present 1195:1201 A lectin microarray analysis revealed that the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells induces mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that GALNT3 promotes mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in IAV-infected cells. 26637460 14 82 from mechanism 2664:2672 arg1 replication 2789:2799 viral replication 2783:2799 viral replication 2783:2799 This is the first report demonstrating the mechanism underlying the miRNA-mediated initiation of mucin-type O-glycosylation in IAV-infected cells and its role in viral replication. 26637460 13 83 theme GALNT3 2540:2545 arg1 expression 2526:2535 the expression 2522:2535 the expression of GALNT3 2522:2545 We also demonstrate that the expression of GALNT3 initiates mucin production and affects IAV replication in infected cells. 26637460 12 84 theme mRNA 2491:2494 arg1 upregulation 2468:2479 the upregulation 2464:2479 the upregulation of GALNT3 mRNA 2464:2494 In this study, we show that levels of two miRNAs that target the UDP-GalNAc transferase GALNT3 are markedly decreased during the early stage of IAV infection, resulting in the upregulation of GALNT3 mRNA. 26637460 0 85 theme Viral 109:113 arg1 Replication 115:125 Enhanced Viral Replication 100:125 Enhanced Viral Replication 100:125 Influenza A Virus-Induced Expression of a GalNAc Transferase, GALNT3, via MicroRNAs Is Required for Enhanced Viral Replication. 26637460 12 86 theme UDP-GalNAc 2357:2366 arg1 GALNT3 2380:2385 the UDP-GalNAc transferase GALNT3 2353:2385 the UDP-GalNAc transferase GALNT3 2353:2385 In this study, we show that levels of two miRNAs that target the UDP-GalNAc transferase GALNT3 are markedly decreased during the early stage of IAV infection, resulting in the upregulation of GALNT3 mRNA. 26637460 9 87 from propagation 1912:1922 arg1 cells 1939:1943 lung cells 1934:1943 lung cells 1934:1943 Our results demonstrate not only the molecular mechanism underlying rapid mucin production during IAV infection but also the contribution of O-linked glycosylation to the replication and propagation of IAV in lung cells. 26637460 12 88 theme IAV 2436:2438 arg1 infection 2440:2448 IAV infection 2436:2448 IAV infection 2436:2448 In this study, we show that levels of two miRNAs that target the UDP-GalNAc transferase GALNT3 are markedly decreased during the early stage of IAV infection, resulting in the upregulation of GALNT3 mRNA. 26637460 5 89 from present 1195:1201 arg1 cells 1219:1223 IAV-infected cells 1206:1223 IAV-infected cells 1206:1223 A lectin microarray analysis revealed that the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells induces mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that GALNT3 promotes mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in IAV-infected cells. 26637460 5 90 theme lectin 1015:1020 arg1 analysis 1033:1040 A lectin microarray analysis 1013:1040 A lectin microarray analysis 1013:1040 A lectin microarray analysis revealed that the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells induces mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that GALNT3 promotes mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in IAV-infected cells. 26637460 14 91 theme first 2633:2637 arg1 report 2639:2644 the first report 2629:2644 the first report demonstrating the mechanism underlying the miRNA-mediated initiation of mucin-type O-glycosylation in IAV-infected cells and its role in viral replication 2629:2799 This is the first report demonstrating the mechanism underlying the miRNA-mediated initiation of mucin-type O-glycosylation in IAV-infected cells and its role in viral replication. 26637460 14 91 theme first 2633:2637 arg1 This 2621:2624 This 2621:2624 This 2621:2624 This is the first report demonstrating the mechanism underlying the miRNA-mediated initiation of mucin-type O-glycosylation in IAV-infected cells and its role in viral replication. 26637460 9 92 theme molecular 1762:1770 arg1 mechanism 1772:1780 the molecular mechanism 1758:1780 not only the molecular mechanism underlying rapid mucin production during IAV infection but also the contribution of O-linked glycosylation to the replication and propagation of IAV in lung cells 1749:1943 Our results demonstrate not only the molecular mechanism underlying rapid mucin production during IAV infection but also the contribution of O-linked glycosylation to the replication and propagation of IAV in lung cells. 26637460 12 93 theme miRNAs 2334:2339 arg1 levels 2320:2325 levels 2320:2325 levels of two miRNAs that target the UDP-GalNAc transferase GALNT3 2320:2385 In this study, we show that levels of two miRNAs that target the UDP-GalNAc transferase GALNT3 are markedly decreased during the early stage of IAV infection, resulting in the upregulation of GALNT3 mRNA. 26637460 15 94 contain have 2814:2817 arg1 results 2806:2812 Our results 2802:2812 Our results 2802:2812 Our results have broad implications for understanding IAV replication and suggest a strategy for the development of novel anti-influenza approaches. 26637460 15 94 contain have 2814:2817 arg2 implications 2825:2836 broad implications 2819:2836 broad implications for understanding IAV replication 2819:2870 Our results have broad implications for understanding IAV replication and suggest a strategy for the development of novel anti-influenza approaches. 26637460 3 95 theme transferase 709:719 arg1 mRNA 732:735 GalNAc transferase 3 (GALNT3) mRNA 702:735 GalNAc transferase 3 (GALNT3) mRNA 702:735 In this study, we found that two microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-17-3p and miR-221, which target GalNAc transferase 3 (GALNT3) mRNA, are rapidly downregulated in human alveolar basal epithelial cells during the early stage of IAV infection. 26637460 3 96 theme epithelial 788:797 arg1 cells 799:803 human alveolar basal epithelial cells 767:803 human alveolar basal epithelial cells 767:803 In this study, we found that two microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-17-3p and miR-221, which target GalNAc transferase 3 (GALNT3) mRNA, are rapidly downregulated in human alveolar basal epithelial cells during the early stage of IAV infection. 26637460 9 97 link O-linked 1866:1873 arg1 glycosylation 1875:1887 O-linked glycosylation 1866:1887 O-linked glycosylation 1866:1887 Our results demonstrate not only the molecular mechanism underlying rapid mucin production during IAV infection but also the contribution of O-linked glycosylation to the replication and propagation of IAV in lung cells. 26637460 10 98 theme mucin 2053:2057 arg1 production 2059:2068 mucin production 2053:2068 mucin production 2053:2068 IMPORTANCE Viral infections that affect the upper or lower respiratory tracts, such as IAV, rapidly induce mucin production on the epithelial surfaces of respiratory cells. 26637460 1 99 theme UNLABELLED 128:137 arg1 IAV 158:160 IAV 158:160 IAV 158:160 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. 26637460 1 99 theme UNLABELLED 128:137 arg1 virus 151:155 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus 128:155 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) 128:161 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. 26637460 3 100 theme alveolar 773:780 arg1 cells 799:803 human alveolar basal epithelial cells 767:803 human alveolar basal epithelial cells 767:803 In this study, we found that two microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-17-3p and miR-221, which target GalNAc transferase 3 (GALNT3) mRNA, are rapidly downregulated in human alveolar basal epithelial cells during the early stage of IAV infection. 26637460 9 101 theme mucin 1799:1803 arg1 production 1805:1814 rapid mucin production 1793:1814 rapid mucin production 1793:1814 Our results demonstrate not only the molecular mechanism underlying rapid mucin production during IAV infection but also the contribution of O-linked glycosylation to the replication and propagation of IAV in lung cells. 26637460 5 102 theme IAV-infected 1206:1217 arg1 cells 1219:1223 IAV-infected cells 1206:1223 IAV-infected cells 1206:1223 A lectin microarray analysis revealed that the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells induces mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that GALNT3 promotes mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in IAV-infected cells. 26637460 5 103 theme stable 1060:1065 arg1 expression 1067:1076 the stable expression 1056:1076 the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells 1056:1127 A lectin microarray analysis revealed that the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells induces mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that GALNT3 promotes mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in IAV-infected cells. 26637460 1 104 theme A 149:149 arg1 IAV 158:160 IAV 158:160 IAV 158:160 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. 26637460 1 104 theme A 149:149 arg1 virus 151:155 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus 128:155 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) 128:161 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. 26637460 3 105 theme early 816:820 arg1 stage 822:826 the early stage 812:826 the early stage of IAV infection 812:843 In this study, we found that two microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-17-3p and miR-221, which target GalNAc transferase 3 (GALNT3) mRNA, are rapidly downregulated in human alveolar basal epithelial cells during the early stage of IAV infection. 26637460 2 106 theme clinical 459:466 arg1 symptoms 468:475 characteristic clinical symptoms 444:475 the inhibition of virus transmission as well as characteristic clinical symptoms 396:475 Although mucin production is associated with the inhibition of virus transmission as well as characteristic clinical symptoms, little is known regarding how mucins are produced on the surfaces of respiratory epithelial cells and how they affect IAV replication. 26637460 5 107 link O-linked 1269:1276 arg1 glycosylation 1278:1290 mucin-type O-linked glycosylation 1258:1290 mucin-type O-linked glycosylation 1258:1290 A lectin microarray analysis revealed that the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells induces mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that GALNT3 promotes mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in IAV-infected cells. 26637460 10 108 theme epithelial 2077:2086 arg1 surfaces 2088:2095 the epithelial surfaces 2073:2095 the epithelial surfaces of respiratory cells 2073:2116 IMPORTANCE Viral infections that affect the upper or lower respiratory tracts, such as IAV, rapidly induce mucin production on the epithelial surfaces of respiratory cells. 26637460 6 109 theme interfering 1345:1355 arg1 RNAs 1357:1360 short interfering RNAs 1339:1360 short interfering RNAs 1339:1360 Notably, analyses using short interfering RNAs and miRNA mimics showed that GALNT3 knockdown significantly reduces IAV replication. 26637460 15 110 theme anti-influenza 2924:2937 arg1 approaches 2939:2948 novel anti-influenza approaches 2918:2948 novel anti-influenza approaches 2918:2948 Our results have broad implications for understanding IAV replication and suggest a strategy for the development of novel anti-influenza approaches. 26637460 3 111 theme infection 835:843 arg1 stage 822:826 the early stage 812:826 the early stage of IAV infection 812:843 In this study, we found that two microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-17-3p and miR-221, which target GalNAc transferase 3 (GALNT3) mRNA, are rapidly downregulated in human alveolar basal epithelial cells during the early stage of IAV infection. 26637460 2 112 theme mucin 360:364 arg1 production 366:375 mucin production 360:375 mucin production 360:375 Although mucin production is associated with the inhibition of virus transmission as well as characteristic clinical symptoms, little is known regarding how mucins are produced on the surfaces of respiratory epithelial cells and how they affect IAV replication. 26637460 0 113 theme A 10:10 arg1 Expression 26:35 Influenza A Virus-Induced Expression 0:35 Influenza A Virus-Induced Expression of a GalNAc Transferase, GALNT3, via MicroRNAs 0:82 Influenza A Virus-Induced Expression of a GalNAc Transferase, GALNT3, via MicroRNAs Is Required for Enhanced Viral Replication. 26637460 1 114 theme tract 344:348 arg1 surfaces 316:323 the epithelial surfaces 301:323 the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract 301:348 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. 26637460 2 115 theme virus 414:418 arg1 transmission 420:431 virus transmission 414:431 virus transmission 414:431 Although mucin production is associated with the inhibition of virus transmission as well as characteristic clinical symptoms, little is known regarding how mucins are produced on the surfaces of respiratory epithelial cells and how they affect IAV replication. 26637460 5 116 theme O-linked 1269:1276 arg1 glycosylation 1278:1290 mucin-type O-linked glycosylation 1258:1290 mucin-type O-linked glycosylation 1258:1290 A lectin microarray analysis revealed that the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells induces mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that GALNT3 promotes mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in IAV-infected cells. 26637460 5 117 theme epithelial 1112:1121 arg1 cells 1123:1127 human alveolar basal epithelial cells 1091:1127 human alveolar basal epithelial cells 1091:1127 A lectin microarray analysis revealed that the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells induces mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that GALNT3 promotes mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in IAV-infected cells. 26637460 9 118 theme O-linked 1866:1873 arg1 glycosylation 1875:1887 O-linked glycosylation 1866:1887 O-linked glycosylation 1866:1887 Our results demonstrate not only the molecular mechanism underlying rapid mucin production during IAV infection but also the contribution of O-linked glycosylation to the replication and propagation of IAV in lung cells. 26637460 8 119 theme IAV-infected 1580:1591 arg1 mice 1609:1612 IAV-infected galnt3-knockout mice 1580:1612 IAV-infected galnt3-knockout mice 1580:1612 Interestingly, IAV-infected galnt3-knockout mice exhibited high mortality and severe pathological alterations in the lungs compared to those of wild-type mice. 26637460 13 120 theme IAV 2586:2588 arg1 replication 2590:2600 IAV replication 2586:2600 IAV replication in infected cells 2586:2618 We also demonstrate that the expression of GALNT3 initiates mucin production and affects IAV replication in infected cells. 26637460 11 121 theme viral 2244:2248 arg1 replication 2250:2260 viral replication 2244:2260 viral replication 2244:2260 However, the details of how mucin-type O-linked glycosylation is initiated by IAV infection and how mucin production affects viral replication have not yet been elucidated. 26637460 12 122 theme infection 2440:2448 arg1 stage 2427:2431 the early stage 2417:2431 the early stage of IAV infection 2417:2448 In this study, we show that levels of two miRNAs that target the UDP-GalNAc transferase GALNT3 are markedly decreased during the early stage of IAV infection, resulting in the upregulation of GALNT3 mRNA. 26637460 11 123 link O-linked 2158:2165 arg1 glycosylation 2167:2179 mucin-type O-linked glycosylation 2147:2179 mucin-type O-linked glycosylation 2147:2179 However, the details of how mucin-type O-linked glycosylation is initiated by IAV infection and how mucin production affects viral replication have not yet been elucidated. 26637460 0 124 theme Transferase 49:59 arg1 Expression 26:35 Influenza A Virus-Induced Expression 0:35 Influenza A Virus-Induced Expression of a GalNAc Transferase, GALNT3, via MicroRNAs 0:82 Influenza A Virus-Induced Expression of a GalNAc Transferase, GALNT3, via MicroRNAs Is Required for Enhanced Viral Replication. 26637460 1 125 theme O-glycosylated 273:286 arg1 mucins 248:253 mucins 248:253 mucins 248:253 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. 26637460 1 125 theme O-glycosylated 273:286 arg1 proteins 288:295 common O-glycosylated proteins 266:295 common O-glycosylated proteins 266:295 UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. 26637460 4 126 theme replication-dependent 922:942 arg1 fashion 944:950 an IAV replication-dependent fashion 915:950 an IAV replication-dependent fashion 915:950 We demonstrated that the expression of GALNT3 mRNA is upregulated in an IAV replication-dependent fashion and leads to mucin production in bronchial epithelial cells. 26637460 8 127 theme high 1624:1627 arg1 mortality 1629:1637 high mortality 1624:1637 high mortality 1624:1637 Interestingly, IAV-infected galnt3-knockout mice exhibited high mortality and severe pathological alterations in the lungs compared to those of wild-type mice. 26637460 5 128 theme alveolar 1097:1104 arg1 cells 1123:1127 human alveolar basal epithelial cells 1091:1127 human alveolar basal epithelial cells 1091:1127 A lectin microarray analysis revealed that the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells induces mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that GALNT3 promotes mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in IAV-infected cells. 26637460 10 129 theme cells 2112:2116 arg1 surfaces 2088:2095 the epithelial surfaces 2073:2095 the epithelial surfaces of respiratory cells 2073:2116 IMPORTANCE Viral infections that affect the upper or lower respiratory tracts, such as IAV, rapidly induce mucin production on the epithelial surfaces of respiratory cells. 26637460 12 130 theme early 2421:2425 arg1 stage 2427:2431 the early stage 2417:2431 the early stage of IAV infection 2417:2448 In this study, we show that levels of two miRNAs that target the UDP-GalNAc transferase GALNT3 are markedly decreased during the early stage of IAV infection, resulting in the upregulation of GALNT3 mRNA. 26637460 9 131 theme glycosylation 1875:1887 arg1 mechanism 1772:1780 the molecular mechanism 1758:1780 not only the molecular mechanism underlying rapid mucin production during IAV infection but also the contribution of O-linked glycosylation to the replication and propagation of IAV in lung cells 1749:1943 Our results demonstrate not only the molecular mechanism underlying rapid mucin production during IAV infection but also the contribution of O-linked glycosylation to the replication and propagation of IAV in lung cells. 26637460 9 131 theme glycosylation 1875:1887 arg1 contribution 1850:1861 the contribution 1846:1861 not only the molecular mechanism underlying rapid mucin production during IAV infection but also the contribution of O-linked glycosylation to the replication and propagation of IAV in lung cells 1749:1943 Our results demonstrate not only the molecular mechanism underlying rapid mucin production during IAV infection but also the contribution of O-linked glycosylation to the replication and propagation of IAV in lung cells. 26637460 7 132 theme embryonic 1502:1510 arg1 cells 1523:1527 embryonic fibroblast cells 1502:1527 embryonic fibroblast cells obtained from galnt3-knockout mice 1502:1562 Furthermore, IAV replication was markedly decreased in embryonic fibroblast cells obtained from galnt3-knockout mice. 26637460 14 133 theme mucin-type 2718:2727 arg1 O-glycosylation 2729:2743 mucin-type O-glycosylation 2718:2743 mucin-type O-glycosylation 2718:2743 This is the first report demonstrating the mechanism underlying the miRNA-mediated initiation of mucin-type O-glycosylation in IAV-infected cells and its role in viral replication. 26637460 9 134 theme IAV 1927:1929 arg1 propagation 1912:1922 propagation 1912:1922 propagation 1912:1922 Our results demonstrate not only the molecular mechanism underlying rapid mucin production during IAV infection but also the contribution of O-linked glycosylation to the replication and propagation of IAV in lung cells. 26637460 9 134 theme IAV 1927:1929 arg1 replication 1896:1906 replication 1896:1906 replication 1896:1906 Our results demonstrate not only the molecular mechanism underlying rapid mucin production during IAV infection but also the contribution of O-linked glycosylation to the replication and propagation of IAV in lung cells. 26637460 8 135 theme pathological 1650:1661 arg1 alterations 1663:1673 severe pathological alterations 1643:1673 severe pathological alterations in the lungs 1643:1686 Interestingly, IAV-infected galnt3-knockout mice exhibited high mortality and severe pathological alterations in the lungs compared to those of wild-type mice. 28442549 4 0 theme neuronal 1004:1011 arg1 axons 1013:1017 neuronal axons 1004:1017 neuronal axons 1004:1017 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 6 1 theme important 1394:1402 arg1 roles 1404:1408 important roles 1394:1408 important roles 1394:1408 Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 4 2 theme lower 887:891 arg1 rate 893:896 lower rate 887:896 lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons 887:1017 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 3 3 theme brain 526:530 arg1 gangliosides 532:543 brain gangliosides 526:543 brain gangliosides 526:543 We demonstrate that 2 mammalian enzymes, neuraminidases 3 and 4, play important roles in catabolic processing of brain gangliosides by cleaving terminal sialic acid residues in their glycan chains. 28442549 5 4 theme β-hexosaminidase 1273:1288 arg1 deficiency 1292:1301 β-hexosaminidase A deficiency 1273:1301 β-hexosaminidase A deficiency 1273:1301 Furthermore, neuraminidase 3 deficiency drastically increased storage of GM2 in the brain tissues of an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease, a severe human gangliosidosis, indicating that this enzyme is responsible for the metabolic bypass of β-hexosaminidase A deficiency. 28442549 4 5 from ganglioside 978:988 arg1 axons 1013:1017 neuronal axons 1004:1017 neuronal axons 1004:1017 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 4 6 dep neuritogenesis 901:914 arg1 have 951:954 have 951:954 have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons 951:1017 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 5 7 theme Tay-Sachs 1152:1160 arg1 disease 1162:1168 Tay-Sachs disease 1152:1168 Tay-Sachs disease 1152:1168 Furthermore, neuraminidase 3 deficiency drastically increased storage of GM2 in the brain tissues of an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease, a severe human gangliosidosis, indicating that this enzyme is responsible for the metabolic bypass of β-hexosaminidase A deficiency. 28442549 6 8 dep neuraminidases 1366:1379 arg1 have 1389:1392 have 1389:1392 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides 1389:1817 Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 6 9 dep Pará 1525:1528 arg1 Aragão 1533:1538 Britto Pará De Aragão 1518:1538 Britto Pará De Aragão 1518:1538 Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 3 10 theme gangliosides 532:543 arg1 processing 512:521 catabolic processing 502:521 catabolic processing of brain gangliosides 502:543 We demonstrate that 2 mammalian enzymes, neuraminidases 3 and 4, play important roles in catabolic processing of brain gangliosides by cleaving terminal sialic acid residues in their glycan chains. 28442549 4 11 contain have 882:885 arg1 neurons 874:880 their cortical and hippocampal neurons 843:880 their cortical and hippocampal neurons 843:880 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 4 11 contain have 882:885 arg2 rate 893:896 lower rate 887:896 lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons 887:1017 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 5 12 theme disease 1162:1168 arg1 gangliosidosis 1186:1199 a severe human gangliosidosis 1171:1199 a severe human gangliosidosis 1171:1199 Furthermore, neuraminidase 3 deficiency drastically increased storage of GM2 in the brain tissues of an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease, a severe human gangliosidosis, indicating that this enzyme is responsible for the metabolic bypass of β-hexosaminidase A deficiency. 28442549 5 12 theme disease 1162:1168 arg1 model 1143:1147 an asymptomatic mouse model 1121:1147 an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease 1121:1168 Furthermore, neuraminidase 3 deficiency drastically increased storage of GM2 in the brain tissues of an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease, a severe human gangliosidosis, indicating that this enzyme is responsible for the metabolic bypass of β-hexosaminidase A deficiency. 28442549 3 13 theme acid 573:576 arg1 residues 578:585 terminal sialic acid residues 557:585 terminal sialic acid residues in their glycan chains 557:608 We demonstrate that 2 mammalian enzymes, neuraminidases 3 and 4, play important roles in catabolic processing of brain gangliosides by cleaving terminal sialic acid residues in their glycan chains. 28442549 3 14 from residues 578:585 arg1 chains 603:608 their glycan chains 590:608 their glycan chains 590:608 We demonstrate that 2 mammalian enzymes, neuraminidases 3 and 4, play important roles in catabolic processing of brain gangliosides by cleaving terminal sialic acid residues in their glycan chains. 28442549 2 15 theme disorders 319:327 arg1 development 286:296 the development 282:296 the development of severe neurologic disorders, including gangliosidoses manifesting with neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation 282:410 Metabolic blocks in processing and catabolism of gangliosides result in the development of severe neurologic disorders, including gangliosidoses manifesting with neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. 28442549 6 16 theme neuronal 1766:1773 arg1 function 1775:1782 neuronal function 1766:1782 neuronal function 1766:1782 Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 2 17 from blocks 220:225 arg1 catabolism 245:254 catabolism 245:254 catabolism 245:254 Metabolic blocks in processing and catabolism of gangliosides result in the development of severe neurologic disorders, including gangliosidoses manifesting with neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. 28442549 2 17 from blocks 220:225 arg1 processing 230:239 processing 230:239 processing 230:239 Metabolic blocks in processing and catabolism of gangliosides result in the development of severe neurologic disorders, including gangliosidoses manifesting with neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. 28442549 3 18 theme catabolic 502:510 arg1 processing 512:521 catabolic processing 502:521 catabolic processing of brain gangliosides 502:543 We demonstrate that 2 mammalian enzymes, neuraminidases 3 and 4, play important roles in catabolic processing of brain gangliosides by cleaving terminal sialic acid residues in their glycan chains. 28442549 4 19 theme ganglioside 978:988 arg1 levels 964:969 reduced levels 956:969 reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons 956:1017 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 6 20 theme lipofuscin 1487:1496 arg1 bodies.-Pan 1498:1508 lipofuscin bodies.-Pan 1487:1508 lipofuscin bodies.-Pan 1487:1508 Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 3 21 theme terminal 557:564 arg1 residues 578:585 terminal sialic acid residues 557:585 terminal sialic acid residues in their glycan chains 557:608 We demonstrate that 2 mammalian enzymes, neuraminidases 3 and 4, play important roles in catabolic processing of brain gangliosides by cleaving terminal sialic acid residues in their glycan chains. 28442549 1 22 gly sialylated 100:109 arg1 Gangliosides 86:97 Gangliosides 86:97 Gangliosides (sialylated glycolipids) 86:122 Gangliosides (sialylated glycolipids) play an essential role in the CNS by regulating recognition and signaling in neurons. 28442549 1 22 gly sialylated 100:109 arg1 glycolipids 111:121 sialylated glycolipids 100:121 sialylated glycolipids 100:121 Gangliosides (sialylated glycolipids) play an essential role in the CNS by regulating recognition and signaling in neurons. 28442549 5 23 theme asymptomatic 1124:1135 arg1 gangliosidosis 1186:1199 a severe human gangliosidosis 1171:1199 a severe human gangliosidosis 1171:1199 Furthermore, neuraminidase 3 deficiency drastically increased storage of GM2 in the brain tissues of an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease, a severe human gangliosidosis, indicating that this enzyme is responsible for the metabolic bypass of β-hexosaminidase A deficiency. 28442549 5 23 theme asymptomatic 1124:1135 arg1 model 1143:1147 an asymptomatic mouse model 1121:1147 an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease 1121:1168 Furthermore, neuraminidase 3 deficiency drastically increased storage of GM2 in the brain tissues of an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease, a severe human gangliosidosis, indicating that this enzyme is responsible for the metabolic bypass of β-hexosaminidase A deficiency. 28442549 4 24 theme cortical 849:856 arg1 neurons 874:880 their cortical and hippocampal neurons 843:880 their cortical and hippocampal neurons 843:880 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 3 25 theme sialic 566:571 arg1 residues 578:585 terminal sialic acid residues 557:585 terminal sialic acid residues in their glycan chains 557:608 We demonstrate that 2 mammalian enzymes, neuraminidases 3 and 4, play important roles in catabolic processing of brain gangliosides by cleaving terminal sialic acid residues in their glycan chains. 28442549 6 26 theme catabolizing 1429:1440 arg1 gangliosides 1442:1453 catabolizing gangliosides 1429:1453 catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides 1429:1817 Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 5 27 theme mouse 1137:1141 arg1 gangliosidosis 1186:1199 a severe human gangliosidosis 1171:1199 a severe human gangliosidosis 1171:1199 Furthermore, neuraminidase 3 deficiency drastically increased storage of GM2 in the brain tissues of an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease, a severe human gangliosidosis, indicating that this enzyme is responsible for the metabolic bypass of β-hexosaminidase A deficiency. 28442549 5 27 theme mouse 1137:1141 arg1 model 1143:1147 an asymptomatic mouse model 1121:1147 an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease 1121:1168 Furthermore, neuraminidase 3 deficiency drastically increased storage of GM2 in the brain tissues of an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease, a severe human gangliosidosis, indicating that this enzyme is responsible for the metabolic bypass of β-hexosaminidase A deficiency. 28442549 4 28 theme myelin 994:999 arg1 levels 964:969 reduced levels 956:969 reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons 956:1017 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 3 29 theme glycan 596:601 arg1 chains 603:608 their glycan chains 590:608 their glycan chains 590:608 We demonstrate that 2 mammalian enzymes, neuraminidases 3 and 4, play important roles in catabolic processing of brain gangliosides by cleaving terminal sialic acid residues in their glycan chains. 28442549 5 30 theme human 1180:1184 arg1 model 1143:1147 an asymptomatic mouse model 1121:1147 an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease 1121:1168 Furthermore, neuraminidase 3 deficiency drastically increased storage of GM2 in the brain tissues of an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease, a severe human gangliosidosis, indicating that this enzyme is responsible for the metabolic bypass of β-hexosaminidase A deficiency. 28442549 5 30 theme human 1180:1184 arg1 gangliosidosis 1186:1199 a severe human gangliosidosis 1171:1199 a severe human gangliosidosis 1171:1199 Furthermore, neuraminidase 3 deficiency drastically increased storage of GM2 in the brain tissues of an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease, a severe human gangliosidosis, indicating that this enzyme is responsible for the metabolic bypass of β-hexosaminidase A deficiency. 28442549 6 31 theme vivo 1347:1350 arg1 evidence 1352:1359 vivo evidence 1347:1359 the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides 1334:1817 Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 4 32 theme hippocampal 862:872 arg1 neurons 874:880 their cortical and hippocampal neurons 843:880 their cortical and hippocampal neurons 843:880 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 2 33 theme neurologic 308:317 arg1 gangliosidoses 340:353 gangliosidoses 340:353 gangliosidoses manifesting with neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation 340:410 Metabolic blocks in processing and catabolism of gangliosides result in the development of severe neurologic disorders, including gangliosidoses manifesting with neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. 28442549 2 33 theme neurologic 308:317 arg1 disorders 319:327 severe neurologic disorders 301:327 severe neurologic disorders 301:327 Metabolic blocks in processing and catabolism of gangliosides result in the development of severe neurologic disorders, including gangliosidoses manifesting with neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. 28442549 4 34 contain have 951:954 arg2 levels 964:969 reduced levels 956:969 reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons 956:1017 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 4 34 contain have 951:954 arg1 mice 941:944 Double-knockout mice 925:944 Double-knockout mice 925:944 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 6 35 dep gangliosides 1442:1453 arg1 preventing 1459:1468 preventing 1459:1468 preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides 1459:1817 Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 2 36 theme severe 301:306 arg1 gangliosidoses 340:353 gangliosidoses 340:353 gangliosidoses manifesting with neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation 340:410 Metabolic blocks in processing and catabolism of gangliosides result in the development of severe neurologic disorders, including gangliosidoses manifesting with neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. 28442549 2 36 theme severe 301:306 arg1 disorders 319:327 severe neurologic disorders 301:327 severe neurologic disorders 301:327 Metabolic blocks in processing and catabolism of gangliosides result in the development of severe neurologic disorders, including gangliosidoses manifesting with neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. 28442549 3 37 theme important 483:491 arg1 roles 493:497 important roles 483:497 important roles 483:497 We demonstrate that 2 mammalian enzymes, neuraminidases 3 and 4, play important roles in catabolic processing of brain gangliosides by cleaving terminal sialic acid residues in their glycan chains. 28442549 6 38 dep Neuraminidases 1734:1747 arg1 De 1515:1516 X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 1511:1755 De 1515:1516 Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 4 39 theme lipofuscin 799:808 arg1 bodies 810:815 lipofuscin bodies 799:815 lipofuscin bodies 799:815 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 0 40 theme neuronal 32:39 arg1 function 41:48 neuronal function 32:48 neuronal function 32:48 Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 4 41 theme reduced 956:962 arg1 levels 964:969 reduced levels 956:969 reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons 956:1017 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 5 42 theme A 1290:1290 arg1 deficiency 1292:1301 β-hexosaminidase A deficiency 1273:1301 β-hexosaminidase A deficiency 1273:1301 Furthermore, neuraminidase 3 deficiency drastically increased storage of GM2 in the brain tissues of an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease, a severe human gangliosidosis, indicating that this enzyme is responsible for the metabolic bypass of β-hexosaminidase A deficiency. 28442549 5 43 theme neuraminidase 1033:1045 arg1 deficiency 1049:1058 neuraminidase 3 deficiency 1033:1058 neuraminidase 3 deficiency 1033:1058 Furthermore, neuraminidase 3 deficiency drastically increased storage of GM2 in the brain tissues of an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease, a severe human gangliosidosis, indicating that this enzyme is responsible for the metabolic bypass of β-hexosaminidase A deficiency. 28442549 6 44 theme in 1344:1345 arg1 evidence 1352:1359 vivo evidence 1347:1359 the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides 1334:1817 Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 5 45 theme brain 1104:1108 arg1 tissues 1110:1116 the brain tissues 1100:1116 the brain tissues of an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease, a severe human gangliosidosis 1100:1199 Furthermore, neuraminidase 3 deficiency drastically increased storage of GM2 in the brain tissues of an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease, a severe human gangliosidosis, indicating that this enzyme is responsible for the metabolic bypass of β-hexosaminidase A deficiency. 28442549 4 46 theme GM1 974:976 arg1 ganglioside 978:988 GM1 ganglioside 974:988 GM1 ganglioside 974:988 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 6 47 theme first 1338:1342 arg1 evidence 1352:1359 vivo evidence 1347:1359 the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides 1334:1817 Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 4 48 from levels 964:969 arg1 axons 1013:1017 neuronal axons 1004:1017 neuronal axons 1004:1017 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 6 49 dep storage 1476:1482 arg1 regulate 1757:1764 regulate 1757:1764 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides 1757:1817 Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 3 50 theme mammalian 435:443 arg1 neuraminidases 454:467 neuraminidases 3 and 4 454:475 neuraminidases 3 and 4 454:475 We demonstrate that 2 mammalian enzymes, neuraminidases 3 and 4, play important roles in catabolic processing of brain gangliosides by cleaving terminal sialic acid residues in their glycan chains. 28442549 3 50 theme mammalian 435:443 arg1 enzymes 445:451 2 mammalian enzymes 433:451 2 mammalian enzymes 433:451 We demonstrate that 2 mammalian enzymes, neuraminidases 3 and 4, play important roles in catabolic processing of brain gangliosides by cleaving terminal sialic acid residues in their glycan chains. 28442549 5 51 theme severe 1173:1178 arg1 model 1143:1147 an asymptomatic mouse model 1121:1147 an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease 1121:1168 Furthermore, neuraminidase 3 deficiency drastically increased storage of GM2 in the brain tissues of an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease, a severe human gangliosidosis, indicating that this enzyme is responsible for the metabolic bypass of β-hexosaminidase A deficiency. 28442549 5 51 theme severe 1173:1178 arg1 gangliosidosis 1186:1199 a severe human gangliosidosis 1171:1199 a severe human gangliosidosis 1171:1199 Furthermore, neuraminidase 3 deficiency drastically increased storage of GM2 in the brain tissues of an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease, a severe human gangliosidosis, indicating that this enzyme is responsible for the metabolic bypass of β-hexosaminidase A deficiency. 28442549 4 52 theme neuritogenesis 901:914 arg1 rate 893:896 lower rate 887:896 lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons 887:1017 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 2 53 theme Metabolic 210:218 arg1 blocks 220:225 Metabolic blocks 210:225 Metabolic blocks in processing and catabolism of gangliosides 210:270 Metabolic blocks in processing and catabolism of gangliosides result in the development of severe neurologic disorders, including gangliosidoses manifesting with neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. 28442549 1 54 from signaling 188:196 arg1 neurons 201:207 neurons 201:207 neurons 201:207 Gangliosides (sialylated glycolipids) play an essential role in the CNS by regulating recognition and signaling in neurons. 28442549 6 55 theme catabolizing 1787:1798 arg1 gangliosides 1806:1817 catabolizing brain gangliosides 1787:1817 catabolizing brain gangliosides 1787:1817 Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 4 56 from axons 1013:1017 arg1 levels 964:969 reduced levels 956:969 reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons 956:1017 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 4 57 theme Double-knockout 925:939 arg1 mice 941:944 Double-knockout mice 925:944 Double-knockout mice 925:944 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 2 58 theme gangliosides 259:270 arg1 catabolism 245:254 catabolism 245:254 catabolism 245:254 Metabolic blocks in processing and catabolism of gangliosides result in the development of severe neurologic disorders, including gangliosidoses manifesting with neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. 28442549 2 58 theme gangliosides 259:270 arg1 processing 230:239 processing 230:239 processing 230:239 Metabolic blocks in processing and catabolism of gangliosides result in the development of severe neurologic disorders, including gangliosidoses manifesting with neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. 28442549 6 59 theme brain 1800:1804 arg1 gangliosides 1806:1817 catabolizing brain gangliosides 1787:1817 catabolizing brain gangliosides 1787:1817 Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 1 60 theme sialylated 100:109 arg1 Gangliosides 86:97 Gangliosides 86:97 Gangliosides (sialylated glycolipids) 86:122 Gangliosides (sialylated glycolipids) play an essential role in the CNS by regulating recognition and signaling in neurons. 28442549 1 60 theme sialylated 100:109 arg1 glycolipids 111:121 sialylated glycolipids 100:121 sialylated glycolipids 100:121 Gangliosides (sialylated glycolipids) play an essential role in the CNS by regulating recognition and signaling in neurons. 28442549 6 61 theme V. 1731:1732 arg1 Neuraminidases 1734:1747 X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 1511:1755 Neuraminidases 1734:1747 Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 4 62 theme bodies 810:815 arg1 accumulation 783:794 accumulation 783:794 accumulation of lipofuscin bodies 783:815 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 4 62 theme bodies 810:815 arg1 neuroinflammation 764:780 neuroinflammation 764:780 neuroinflammation 764:780 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 4 62 theme bodies 810:815 arg1 astrogliosis 750:761 astrogliosis 750:761 astrogliosis 750:761 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 4 62 theme bodies 810:815 arg1 loss 829:832 memory loss 822:832 memory loss 822:832 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 4 62 theme bodies 810:815 arg1 micro- 739:744 micro- 739:744 micro- 739:744 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 1 63 from recognition 172:182 arg1 neurons 201:207 neurons 201:207 neurons 201:207 Gangliosides (sialylated glycolipids) play an essential role in the CNS by regulating recognition and signaling in neurons. 28442549 1 64 theme essential 132:140 arg1 role 142:145 an essential role 129:145 an essential role 129:145 Gangliosides (sialylated glycolipids) play an essential role in the CNS by regulating recognition and signaling in neurons. 28442549 6 65 theme X. 1511:1512 arg1 Neuraminidases 1734:1747 X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 1511:1755 Neuraminidases 1734:1747 Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 0 66 theme brain 66:70 arg1 gangliosides 72:83 catabolizing brain gangliosides 53:83 catabolizing brain gangliosides 53:83 Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 5 67 theme GM2 1093:1095 arg1 storage 1082:1088 storage 1082:1088 storage of GM2 1082:1095 Furthermore, neuraminidase 3 deficiency drastically increased storage of GM2 in the brain tissues of an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease, a severe human gangliosidosis, indicating that this enzyme is responsible for the metabolic bypass of β-hexosaminidase A deficiency. 28442549 4 68 theme memory 822:827 arg1 loss 829:832 memory loss 822:832 memory loss 822:832 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 4 69 theme GM3 658:660 arg1 ganglioside 662:672 GM3 ganglioside 658:672 GM3 ganglioside 658:672 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 6 70 theme CNS 1413:1415 arg1 function 1417:1424 CNS function 1413:1424 CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides 1413:1817 Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 6 71 dep V. 1731:1732 arg1 N. 1683:1684 N. 1683:1684 N. 1683:1684 Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 6 71 dep V. 1731:1732 arg1 Lamarche-Vane 1668:1680 Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. 1518:1732 Lamarche-Vane 1668:1680 Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 6 71 dep V. 1731:1732 arg1 Velasco-Martin 1545:1558 Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. 1518:1732 Velasco-Martin 1545:1558 Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 6 71 dep V. 1731:1732 arg1 J. 1561:1562 J. 1561:1562 J. 1561:1562 Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 6 71 dep V. 1731:1732 arg1 C. 1541:1542 C. 1541:1542 C. 1541:1542 Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 0 72 theme catabolizing 53:64 arg1 gangliosides 72:83 catabolizing brain gangliosides 53:83 catabolizing brain gangliosides 53:83 Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. 28442549 5 73 theme model 1143:1147 arg1 tissues 1110:1116 the brain tissues 1100:1116 the brain tissues of an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease, a severe human gangliosidosis 1100:1199 Furthermore, neuraminidase 3 deficiency drastically increased storage of GM2 in the brain tissues of an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease, a severe human gangliosidosis, indicating that this enzyme is responsible for the metabolic bypass of β-hexosaminidase A deficiency. 28442549 4 74 dep stored 677:682 arg1 whereas 835:841 whereas 835:841 whereas 835:841 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 4 75 theme vascular 698:705 arg1 pericytes 707:715 vascular pericytes 698:715 vascular pericytes 698:715 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28442549 4 76 theme double-knockout 636:650 arg1 mice 652:655 neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice 614:655 mice 652:655 In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. 28691313 0 0 link O-linked 92:99 arg1 signaling 123:131 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine signaling 92:131 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine signaling 92:131 Moderate mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition induces autophagy in HTR8/SVneo cells via O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine signaling. 28691313 6 1 theme serum 857:861 arg1 starvation 863:872 prolonged serum starvation 847:872 prolonged serum starvation 847:872 Conversely, prolonged serum starvation or excessive inhibition of mTOR reduced autophagy and enhanced cell apoptosis. 28691313 2 2 theme mammalian 332:340 arg1 target 342:347 mammalian target 332:347 mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling 332:377 The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism whereby mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling regulates autophagy by modulating protein O-GlcNAcylation in human trophoblasts. 28691313 1 3 theme adverse 245:251 arg1 outcomes 263:270 adverse pregnancy outcomes 245:270 adverse pregnancy outcomes 245:270 AIM Autophagy, a highly regulated process with a dual role (pro-survival or pro-death), has been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes. 28691313 6 4 theme cell 937:940 arg1 apoptosis 942:950 cell apoptosis 937:950 cell apoptosis 937:950 Conversely, prolonged serum starvation or excessive inhibition of mTOR reduced autophagy and enhanced cell apoptosis. 28691313 1 5 theme dual 183:186 arg1 role 188:191 a dual role 181:191 a dual role (pro-survival or pro-death) 181:219 AIM Autophagy, a highly regulated process with a dual role (pro-survival or pro-death), has been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes. 28691313 8 6 theme O-linked 1074:1081 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 1083:1103 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 1074:1103 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) levels 1074:1121 Upregulation and downregulation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) levels attenuated and augmented autophagy, respectively. 28691313 8 6 theme O-linked 1074:1081 arg1 O-GlcNAc 1106:1113 O-GlcNAc 1106:1113 O-GlcNAc 1106:1113 Upregulation and downregulation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) levels attenuated and augmented autophagy, respectively. 28691313 13 7 theme mTOR 1737:1740 arg1 suppression 1742:1752 Moderate mTOR suppression 1728:1752 Moderate mTOR suppression 1728:1752 Moderate mTOR suppression might induce autophagy via modulating O-GlcNAcylation of Beclin1 and SNAP29. 28691313 3 8 theme varying 566:572 arg1 doses 574:578 varying doses 566:578 varying doses of Torin1 566:588 METHODS HTR8/SVneo cells were incubated in serum-free medium for different time intervals or treated with varying doses of Torin1. 28691313 11 9 theme Beclin1 1605:1611 arg1 Ser15 1575:1579 Ser15 1575:1579 Ser15 1575:1579 Notably, we observed an inverse correlation between phosphorylation (Ser15) and O-GlcNAcylation of Beclin1. 28691313 11 9 theme Beclin1 1605:1611 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1586:1600 O-GlcNAcylation 1586:1600 O-GlcNAcylation of Beclin1 1586:1611 Notably, we observed an inverse correlation between phosphorylation (Ser15) and O-GlcNAcylation of Beclin1. 28691313 11 9 theme Beclin1 1605:1611 arg1 phosphorylation 1558:1572 phosphorylation 1558:1572 phosphorylation (Ser15) 1558:1580 Notably, we observed an inverse correlation between phosphorylation (Ser15) and O-GlcNAcylation of Beclin1. 28691313 10 10 theme associated 1351:1360 arg1 SNAP29 1374:1379 SNAP29 1374:1379 SNAP29 1374:1379 Furthermore, immunoprecipitation studies revealed that Beclin1 and synaptosome associated protein 29 (SNAP29) could be O-GlcNAcylated, and that slight mTOR inhibition resulted in decreased O-GlcNAc modification of Beclin1 and SNAP29. 28691313 10 10 theme associated 1351:1360 arg1 protein 1362:1368 synaptosome associated protein 29 1339:1371 synaptosome associated protein 29 (SNAP29) 1339:1380 Furthermore, immunoprecipitation studies revealed that Beclin1 and synaptosome associated protein 29 (SNAP29) could be O-GlcNAcylated, and that slight mTOR inhibition resulted in decreased O-GlcNAc modification of Beclin1 and SNAP29. 28691313 5 11 theme serum 714:718 arg1 starvation 720:729 Short-term serum starvation 703:729 Short-term serum starvation 703:729 RESULTS Short-term serum starvation or slight suppression of mTOR signaling promoted autophagy and decreased apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. 28691313 14 12 theme negative 1845:1852 arg1 interplay 1854:1862 the negative interplay 1841:1862 the negative interplay between Beclin1 O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation (Ser15) 1841:1922 Moreover, the negative interplay between Beclin1 O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation (Ser15) may be involved in autophagy regulation by mTOR signaling. 28691313 10 13 theme synaptosome 1339:1349 arg1 SNAP29 1374:1379 SNAP29 1374:1379 SNAP29 1374:1379 Furthermore, immunoprecipitation studies revealed that Beclin1 and synaptosome associated protein 29 (SNAP29) could be O-GlcNAcylated, and that slight mTOR inhibition resulted in decreased O-GlcNAc modification of Beclin1 and SNAP29. 28691313 10 13 theme synaptosome 1339:1349 arg1 protein 1362:1368 synaptosome associated protein 29 1339:1371 synaptosome associated protein 29 (SNAP29) 1339:1380 Furthermore, immunoprecipitation studies revealed that Beclin1 and synaptosome associated protein 29 (SNAP29) could be O-GlcNAcylated, and that slight mTOR inhibition resulted in decreased O-GlcNAc modification of Beclin1 and SNAP29. 28691313 1 14 theme regulated 158:166 arg1 process 168:174 a highly regulated process 149:174 a highly regulated process with a dual role (pro-survival or pro-death) 149:219 AIM Autophagy, a highly regulated process with a dual role (pro-survival or pro-death), has been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes. 28691313 1 14 theme regulated 158:166 arg1 Autophagy 138:146 AIM Autophagy 134:146 AIM Autophagy 134:146 AIM Autophagy, a highly regulated process with a dual role (pro-survival or pro-death), has been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes. 28691313 0 15 theme O-linked 92:99 arg1 signaling 123:131 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine signaling 92:131 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine signaling 92:131 Moderate mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition induces autophagy in HTR8/SVneo cells via O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine signaling. 28691313 9 16 theme Moderate 1173:1180 arg1 autophagy 1206:1214 Moderate mTOR inhibition-induced autophagy 1173:1214 Moderate mTOR inhibition-induced autophagy 1173:1214 Moderate mTOR inhibition-induced autophagy was blocked by upregulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation. 28691313 2 17 theme signaling 369:377 arg1 target 342:347 mammalian target 332:347 mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling 332:377 The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism whereby mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling regulates autophagy by modulating protein O-GlcNAcylation in human trophoblasts. 28691313 7 18 theme signaling 984:992 arg1 suppression 994:1004 mTOR signaling suppression 979:1004 mTOR signaling suppression 979:1004 Both serum starvation and mTOR signaling suppression reduced protein O-GlcNAcylation. 28691313 2 19 theme human 440:444 arg1 trophoblasts 446:457 human trophoblasts 440:457 human trophoblasts 440:457 The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism whereby mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling regulates autophagy by modulating protein O-GlcNAcylation in human trophoblasts. 28691313 9 20 theme inhibition-induced 1187:1204 arg1 autophagy 1206:1214 Moderate mTOR inhibition-induced autophagy 1173:1214 Moderate mTOR inhibition-induced autophagy 1173:1214 Moderate mTOR inhibition-induced autophagy was blocked by upregulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation. 28691313 0 21 theme Moderate 0:7 arg1 target 19:24 Moderate mammalian target 0:24 Moderate mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition 0:48 Moderate mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition induces autophagy in HTR8/SVneo cells via O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine signaling. 28691313 13 22 theme SNAP29 1823:1828 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1792:1806 O-GlcNAcylation 1792:1806 O-GlcNAcylation of Beclin1 and SNAP29 1792:1828 Moderate mTOR suppression might induce autophagy via modulating O-GlcNAcylation of Beclin1 and SNAP29. 28691313 3 23 theme METHODS 460:466 arg1 cells 479:483 METHODS HTR8/SVneo cells 460:483 METHODS HTR8/SVneo cells 460:483 METHODS HTR8/SVneo cells were incubated in serum-free medium for different time intervals or treated with varying doses of Torin1. 28691313 12 24 theme dual 1658:1661 arg1 roles 1663:1667 dual roles 1658:1667 dual roles 1658:1667 CONCLUSION mTOR signaling inhibition played dual roles in regulating autophagy and apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. 28691313 1 25 dep role 188:191 arg1 pro-death 210:218 pro-death 210:218 pro-death 210:218 AIM Autophagy, a highly regulated process with a dual role (pro-survival or pro-death), has been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes. 28691313 1 25 dep role 188:191 arg1 pro-survival 194:205 pro-survival 194:205 pro-survival 194:205 AIM Autophagy, a highly regulated process with a dual role (pro-survival or pro-death), has been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes. 28691313 0 26 theme rapamycin 29:37 arg1 inhibition 39:48 rapamycin inhibition 29:48 rapamycin inhibition 29:48 Moderate mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition induces autophagy in HTR8/SVneo cells via O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine signaling. 28691313 10 27 theme immunoprecipitation 1285:1303 arg1 studies 1305:1311 immunoprecipitation studies 1285:1311 immunoprecipitation studies 1285:1311 Furthermore, immunoprecipitation studies revealed that Beclin1 and synaptosome associated protein 29 (SNAP29) could be O-GlcNAcylated, and that slight mTOR inhibition resulted in decreased O-GlcNAc modification of Beclin1 and SNAP29. 28691313 5 28 theme HTR8/SVneo 817:826 arg1 cells 828:832 HTR8/SVneo cells 817:832 HTR8/SVneo cells 817:832 RESULTS Short-term serum starvation or slight suppression of mTOR signaling promoted autophagy and decreased apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. 28691313 6 29 theme mTOR 901:904 arg1 starvation 863:872 prolonged serum starvation 847:872 prolonged serum starvation 847:872 Conversely, prolonged serum starvation or excessive inhibition of mTOR reduced autophagy and enhanced cell apoptosis. 28691313 6 29 theme mTOR 901:904 arg1 inhibition 887:896 excessive inhibition 877:896 excessive inhibition of mTOR 877:904 Conversely, prolonged serum starvation or excessive inhibition of mTOR reduced autophagy and enhanced cell apoptosis. 28691313 8 30 link O-linked 1074:1081 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 1083:1103 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 1074:1103 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) levels 1074:1121 Upregulation and downregulation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) levels attenuated and augmented autophagy, respectively. 28691313 8 30 link O-linked 1074:1081 arg1 O-GlcNAc 1106:1113 O-GlcNAc 1106:1113 O-GlcNAc 1106:1113 Upregulation and downregulation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) levels attenuated and augmented autophagy, respectively. 28691313 12 31 theme mTOR 1625:1628 arg1 inhibition 1640:1649 CONCLUSION mTOR signaling inhibition 1614:1649 CONCLUSION mTOR signaling inhibition 1614:1649 CONCLUSION mTOR signaling inhibition played dual roles in regulating autophagy and apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. 28691313 13 32 theme Beclin1 1811:1817 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1792:1806 O-GlcNAcylation 1792:1806 O-GlcNAcylation of Beclin1 and SNAP29 1792:1828 Moderate mTOR suppression might induce autophagy via modulating O-GlcNAcylation of Beclin1 and SNAP29. 28691313 9 33 theme O-GlcNAcylation 1255:1269 arg1 upregulation 1231:1242 upregulation 1231:1242 upregulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation 1231:1269 Moderate mTOR inhibition-induced autophagy was blocked by upregulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation. 28691313 14 34 theme autophagy 1943:1951 arg1 regulation 1953:1962 autophagy regulation 1943:1962 autophagy regulation by mTOR signaling 1943:1980 Moreover, the negative interplay between Beclin1 O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation (Ser15) may be involved in autophagy regulation by mTOR signaling. 28691313 2 35 theme rapamycin 352:360 arg1 signaling 369:377 rapamycin (mTOR) signaling 352:377 rapamycin (mTOR) signaling 352:377 The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism whereby mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling regulates autophagy by modulating protein O-GlcNAcylation in human trophoblasts. 28691313 3 36 theme serum-free 503:512 arg1 medium 514:519 serum-free medium 503:519 serum-free medium 503:519 METHODS HTR8/SVneo cells were incubated in serum-free medium for different time intervals or treated with varying doses of Torin1. 28691313 8 37 theme levels 1116:1121 arg1 downregulation 1056:1069 downregulation 1056:1069 downregulation 1056:1069 Upregulation and downregulation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) levels attenuated and augmented autophagy, respectively. 28691313 8 37 theme levels 1116:1121 arg1 Upregulation 1039:1050 Upregulation 1039:1050 Upregulation 1039:1050 Upregulation and downregulation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) levels attenuated and augmented autophagy, respectively. 28691313 6 38 theme prolonged 847:855 arg1 starvation 863:872 prolonged serum starvation 847:872 prolonged serum starvation 847:872 Conversely, prolonged serum starvation or excessive inhibition of mTOR reduced autophagy and enhanced cell apoptosis. 28691313 1 39 theme pregnancy 253:261 arg1 outcomes 263:270 adverse pregnancy outcomes 245:270 adverse pregnancy outcomes 245:270 AIM Autophagy, a highly regulated process with a dual role (pro-survival or pro-death), has been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes. 28691313 4 40 theme Protein 591:597 arg1 expression 599:608 Protein expression 591:608 Protein expression 591:608 Protein expression and cell apoptosis were detected by immunoblotting and flow cytometry, respectively. 28691313 11 41 theme inverse 1530:1536 arg1 correlation 1538:1548 an inverse correlation 1527:1548 an inverse correlation between phosphorylation (Ser15) and O-GlcNAcylation of Beclin1 1527:1611 Notably, we observed an inverse correlation between phosphorylation (Ser15) and O-GlcNAcylation of Beclin1. 28691313 3 42 theme time 535:538 arg1 intervals 540:548 different time intervals 525:548 different time intervals 525:548 METHODS HTR8/SVneo cells were incubated in serum-free medium for different time intervals or treated with varying doses of Torin1. 28691313 8 43 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 1083:1103 arg1 levels 1116:1121 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) levels 1074:1121 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) levels 1074:1121 Upregulation and downregulation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) levels attenuated and augmented autophagy, respectively. 28691313 4 44 theme flow 665:668 arg1 cytometry 670:678 flow cytometry 665:678 flow cytometry 665:678 Protein expression and cell apoptosis were detected by immunoblotting and flow cytometry, respectively. 28691313 13 45 theme Moderate 1728:1735 arg1 suppression 1742:1752 Moderate mTOR suppression 1728:1752 Moderate mTOR suppression 1728:1752 Moderate mTOR suppression might induce autophagy via modulating O-GlcNAcylation of Beclin1 and SNAP29. 28691313 2 46 theme study 289:293 arg1 aim 277:279 The aim 273:279 The aim of this study 273:293 The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism whereby mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling regulates autophagy by modulating protein O-GlcNAcylation in human trophoblasts. 28691313 5 47 theme slight 734:739 arg1 suppression 741:751 slight suppression 734:751 slight suppression of mTOR signaling 734:769 RESULTS Short-term serum starvation or slight suppression of mTOR signaling promoted autophagy and decreased apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. 28691313 14 48 theme Beclin1 1872:1878 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1880:1894 Beclin1 O-GlcNAcylation 1872:1894 Beclin1 O-GlcNAcylation 1872:1894 Moreover, the negative interplay between Beclin1 O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation (Ser15) may be involved in autophagy regulation by mTOR signaling. 28691313 3 49 theme Torin1 583:588 arg1 doses 574:578 varying doses 566:578 varying doses of Torin1 566:588 METHODS HTR8/SVneo cells were incubated in serum-free medium for different time intervals or treated with varying doses of Torin1. 28691313 1 50 theme AIM 134:136 arg1 process 168:174 a highly regulated process 149:174 a highly regulated process with a dual role (pro-survival or pro-death) 149:219 AIM Autophagy, a highly regulated process with a dual role (pro-survival or pro-death), has been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes. 28691313 1 50 theme AIM 134:136 arg1 Autophagy 138:146 AIM Autophagy 134:146 AIM Autophagy 134:146 AIM Autophagy, a highly regulated process with a dual role (pro-survival or pro-death), has been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes. 28691313 6 51 theme excessive 877:885 arg1 inhibition 887:896 excessive inhibition 877:896 excessive inhibition of mTOR 877:904 Conversely, prolonged serum starvation or excessive inhibition of mTOR reduced autophagy and enhanced cell apoptosis. 28691313 5 52 theme Short-term 703:712 arg1 starvation 720:729 Short-term serum starvation 703:729 Short-term serum starvation 703:729 RESULTS Short-term serum starvation or slight suppression of mTOR signaling promoted autophagy and decreased apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. 28691313 5 53 from apoptosis 804:812 arg1 cells 828:832 HTR8/SVneo cells 817:832 HTR8/SVneo cells 817:832 RESULTS Short-term serum starvation or slight suppression of mTOR signaling promoted autophagy and decreased apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. 28691313 12 54 theme HTR8/SVneo 1710:1719 arg1 cells 1721:1725 HTR8/SVneo cells 1710:1725 HTR8/SVneo cells 1710:1725 CONCLUSION mTOR signaling inhibition played dual roles in regulating autophagy and apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. 28691313 10 55 theme O-GlcNAc 1461:1468 arg1 modification 1470:1481 decreased O-GlcNAc modification 1451:1481 decreased O-GlcNAc modification of Beclin1 and SNAP29 1451:1503 Furthermore, immunoprecipitation studies revealed that Beclin1 and synaptosome associated protein 29 (SNAP29) could be O-GlcNAcylated, and that slight mTOR inhibition resulted in decreased O-GlcNAc modification of Beclin1 and SNAP29. 28691313 0 56 theme HTR8/SVneo 71:80 arg1 cells 82:86 HTR8/SVneo cells 71:86 HTR8/SVneo cells 71:86 Moderate mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition induces autophagy in HTR8/SVneo cells via O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine signaling. 28691313 2 57 from O-GlcNAcylation 421:435 arg1 trophoblasts 446:457 human trophoblasts 440:457 human trophoblasts 440:457 The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism whereby mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling regulates autophagy by modulating protein O-GlcNAcylation in human trophoblasts. 28691313 5 58 theme mTOR 756:759 arg1 signaling 761:769 mTOR signaling 756:769 mTOR signaling 756:769 RESULTS Short-term serum starvation or slight suppression of mTOR signaling promoted autophagy and decreased apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. 28691313 1 59 with process 168:174 arg1 role 188:191 a dual role 181:191 a dual role (pro-survival or pro-death) 181:219 AIM Autophagy, a highly regulated process with a dual role (pro-survival or pro-death), has been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes. 28691313 0 60 theme β-N-acetylglucosamine 101:121 arg1 signaling 123:131 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine signaling 92:131 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine signaling 92:131 Moderate mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition induces autophagy in HTR8/SVneo cells via O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine signaling. 28691313 10 61 mod modification 1470:1481 arg3 O-GlcNAc 1461:1468 decreased O-GlcNAc modification 1451:1481 decreased O-GlcNAc modification of Beclin1 and SNAP29 1451:1503 Furthermore, immunoprecipitation studies revealed that Beclin1 and synaptosome associated protein 29 (SNAP29) could be O-GlcNAcylated, and that slight mTOR inhibition resulted in decreased O-GlcNAc modification of Beclin1 and SNAP29. 28691313 10 61 mod modification 1470:1481 arg1 SNAP29 1498:1503 SNAP29 1498:1503 SNAP29 1498:1503 Furthermore, immunoprecipitation studies revealed that Beclin1 and synaptosome associated protein 29 (SNAP29) could be O-GlcNAcylated, and that slight mTOR inhibition resulted in decreased O-GlcNAc modification of Beclin1 and SNAP29. 28691313 10 61 mod modification 1470:1481 arg1 Beclin1 1486:1492 Beclin1 1486:1492 Beclin1 1486:1492 Furthermore, immunoprecipitation studies revealed that Beclin1 and synaptosome associated protein 29 (SNAP29) could be O-GlcNAcylated, and that slight mTOR inhibition resulted in decreased O-GlcNAc modification of Beclin1 and SNAP29. 28691313 0 62 from autophagy 58:66 arg1 cells 82:86 HTR8/SVneo cells 71:86 HTR8/SVneo cells 71:86 Moderate mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition induces autophagy in HTR8/SVneo cells via O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine signaling. 28691313 10 63 theme mTOR 1423:1426 arg1 inhibition 1428:1437 slight mTOR inhibition 1416:1437 slight mTOR inhibition 1416:1437 Furthermore, immunoprecipitation studies revealed that Beclin1 and synaptosome associated protein 29 (SNAP29) could be O-GlcNAcylated, and that slight mTOR inhibition resulted in decreased O-GlcNAc modification of Beclin1 and SNAP29. 28691313 5 64 theme signaling 761:769 arg1 starvation 720:729 Short-term serum starvation 703:729 Short-term serum starvation 703:729 RESULTS Short-term serum starvation or slight suppression of mTOR signaling promoted autophagy and decreased apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. 28691313 5 64 theme signaling 761:769 arg1 suppression 741:751 slight suppression 734:751 slight suppression of mTOR signaling 734:769 RESULTS Short-term serum starvation or slight suppression of mTOR signaling promoted autophagy and decreased apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. 28691313 12 65 from apoptosis 1697:1705 arg1 cells 1721:1725 HTR8/SVneo cells 1710:1725 HTR8/SVneo cells 1710:1725 CONCLUSION mTOR signaling inhibition played dual roles in regulating autophagy and apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. 28691313 7 66 theme protein 1014:1020 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1022:1036 protein O-GlcNAcylation 1014:1036 protein O-GlcNAcylation 1014:1036 Both serum starvation and mTOR signaling suppression reduced protein O-GlcNAcylation. 28691313 5 67 dep RESULTS 695:701 arg1 promoted 771:778 promoted 771:778 promoted autophagy 771:788 RESULTS Short-term serum starvation or slight suppression of mTOR signaling promoted autophagy and decreased apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. 28691313 5 67 dep RESULTS 695:701 arg1 decreased 794:802 decreased 794:802 decreased apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells 794:832 RESULTS Short-term serum starvation or slight suppression of mTOR signaling promoted autophagy and decreased apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. 28691313 9 68 theme mTOR 1182:1185 arg1 autophagy 1206:1214 Moderate mTOR inhibition-induced autophagy 1173:1214 Moderate mTOR inhibition-induced autophagy 1173:1214 Moderate mTOR inhibition-induced autophagy was blocked by upregulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation. 28691313 0 69 theme mammalian 9:17 arg1 target 19:24 Moderate mammalian target 0:24 Moderate mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition 0:48 Moderate mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition induces autophagy in HTR8/SVneo cells via O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine signaling. 28691313 12 70 from autophagy 1683:1691 arg1 cells 1721:1725 HTR8/SVneo cells 1710:1725 HTR8/SVneo cells 1710:1725 CONCLUSION mTOR signaling inhibition played dual roles in regulating autophagy and apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. 28691313 10 71 theme decreased 1451:1459 arg1 modification 1470:1481 decreased O-GlcNAc modification 1451:1481 decreased O-GlcNAc modification of Beclin1 and SNAP29 1451:1503 Furthermore, immunoprecipitation studies revealed that Beclin1 and synaptosome associated protein 29 (SNAP29) could be O-GlcNAcylated, and that slight mTOR inhibition resulted in decreased O-GlcNAc modification of Beclin1 and SNAP29. 28691313 7 72 theme mTOR 979:982 arg1 suppression 994:1004 mTOR signaling suppression 979:1004 mTOR signaling suppression 979:1004 Both serum starvation and mTOR signaling suppression reduced protein O-GlcNAcylation. 28691313 2 73 theme protein 413:419 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 421:435 protein O-GlcNAcylation 413:435 protein O-GlcNAcylation in human trophoblasts 413:457 The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism whereby mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling regulates autophagy by modulating protein O-GlcNAcylation in human trophoblasts. 28691313 3 74 theme HTR8/SVneo 468:477 arg1 cells 479:483 METHODS HTR8/SVneo cells 460:483 METHODS HTR8/SVneo cells 460:483 METHODS HTR8/SVneo cells were incubated in serum-free medium for different time intervals or treated with varying doses of Torin1. 28691313 0 75 theme inhibition 39:48 arg1 target 19:24 Moderate mammalian target 0:24 Moderate mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition 0:48 Moderate mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition induces autophagy in HTR8/SVneo cells via O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine signaling. 28691313 10 76 theme slight 1416:1421 arg1 inhibition 1428:1437 slight mTOR inhibition 1416:1437 slight mTOR inhibition 1416:1437 Furthermore, immunoprecipitation studies revealed that Beclin1 and synaptosome associated protein 29 (SNAP29) could be O-GlcNAcylated, and that slight mTOR inhibition resulted in decreased O-GlcNAc modification of Beclin1 and SNAP29. 28691313 10 77 theme Beclin1 1486:1492 arg1 modification 1470:1481 decreased O-GlcNAc modification 1451:1481 decreased O-GlcNAc modification of Beclin1 and SNAP29 1451:1503 Furthermore, immunoprecipitation studies revealed that Beclin1 and synaptosome associated protein 29 (SNAP29) could be O-GlcNAcylated, and that slight mTOR inhibition resulted in decreased O-GlcNAc modification of Beclin1 and SNAP29. 28691313 14 78 theme mTOR 1967:1970 arg1 signaling 1972:1980 mTOR signaling 1967:1980 mTOR signaling 1967:1980 Moreover, the negative interplay between Beclin1 O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation (Ser15) may be involved in autophagy regulation by mTOR signaling. 28691313 9 79 theme protein 1247:1253 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1255:1269 protein O-GlcNAcylation 1247:1269 protein O-GlcNAcylation 1247:1269 Moderate mTOR inhibition-induced autophagy was blocked by upregulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation. 28691313 7 80 theme serum 958:962 arg1 starvation 964:973 serum starvation 958:973 serum starvation 958:973 Both serum starvation and mTOR signaling suppression reduced protein O-GlcNAcylation. 28691313 12 81 theme CONCLUSION 1614:1623 arg1 inhibition 1640:1649 CONCLUSION mTOR signaling inhibition 1614:1649 CONCLUSION mTOR signaling inhibition 1614:1649 CONCLUSION mTOR signaling inhibition played dual roles in regulating autophagy and apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. 28691313 4 82 theme cell 614:617 arg1 apoptosis 619:627 cell apoptosis 614:627 cell apoptosis 614:627 Protein expression and cell apoptosis were detected by immunoblotting and flow cytometry, respectively. 28691313 12 83 theme signaling 1630:1638 arg1 inhibition 1640:1649 CONCLUSION mTOR signaling inhibition 1614:1649 CONCLUSION mTOR signaling inhibition 1614:1649 CONCLUSION mTOR signaling inhibition played dual roles in regulating autophagy and apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. 28691313 10 84 theme SNAP29 1498:1503 arg1 modification 1470:1481 decreased O-GlcNAc modification 1451:1481 decreased O-GlcNAc modification of Beclin1 and SNAP29 1451:1503 Furthermore, immunoprecipitation studies revealed that Beclin1 and synaptosome associated protein 29 (SNAP29) could be O-GlcNAcylated, and that slight mTOR inhibition resulted in decreased O-GlcNAc modification of Beclin1 and SNAP29. 28691313 3 85 theme different 525:533 arg1 intervals 540:548 different time intervals 525:548 different time intervals 525:548 METHODS HTR8/SVneo cells were incubated in serum-free medium for different time intervals or treated with varying doses of Torin1. 27457627 2 0 theme " 563:563 arg1 vectors 565:571 so-called "permissive" vectors 542:571 so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species 542:621 Laboratory studies on sand fly competence to Leishmania parasites suggest that the sand flies fall into two groups: several species are termed "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one Leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species. 27457627 10 1 theme native 1459:1464 arg1 glycoprotein 1466:1477 the native glycoprotein 1455:1477 the native glycoprotein 1455:1477 Anti-rLuloG antibodies localize the native glycoprotein on epithelial midgut surface of Lu. 27457627 2 2 theme susceptible 573:583 arg1 vectors 565:571 so-called "permissive" vectors 542:571 so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species 542:621 Laboratory studies on sand fly competence to Leishmania parasites suggest that the sand flies fall into two groups: several species are termed "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one Leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species. 27457627 2 3 theme Laboratory 281:290 arg1 studies 292:298 Laboratory studies 281:298 Laboratory studies on sand fly competence to Leishmania parasites 281:345 Laboratory studies on sand fly competence to Leishmania parasites suggest that the sand flies fall into two groups: several species are termed "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one Leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species. 27457627 1 4 theme fly 269:271 arg1 midgut 273:278 the sand fly midgut 260:278 the sand fly midgut 260:278 BACKGROUND Leishmania parasites are transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies and a crucial step in their life-cycle is the binding to the sand fly midgut. 27457627 4 5 theme O-linked 835:842 arg1 glycoproteins 844:856 O-linked glycoproteins 835:856 O-linked glycoproteins 835:856 Lutzomyia longipalpis and other four permissive species tested possessed O-linked glycoproteins whereas none were detected in three specific vectors examined. 27457627 10 6 theme midgut 1493:1498 arg1 surface 1500:1506 epithelial midgut surface 1482:1506 epithelial midgut surface of Lu 1482:1512 Anti-rLuloG antibodies localize the native glycoprotein on epithelial midgut surface of Lu. 27457627 9 7 with rLuloG 1379:1384 arg1 weight 1401:1406 molecular weight 1391:1406 molecular weight around 45 kDa 1391:1420 We produced a recombinant glycoprotein rLuloG with molecular weight around 45 kDa. 27457627 2 8 theme fly 308:310 arg1 competence 312:321 sand fly competence 303:321 sand fly competence to Leishmania parasites 303:345 Laboratory studies on sand fly competence to Leishmania parasites suggest that the sand flies fall into two groups: several species are termed "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one Leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species. 27457627 15 9 theme Leishmania 1987:1996 arg1 parasites 1998:2006 Leishmania parasites 1987:2006 Leishmania parasites 1987:2006 Recombinant form of the protein binds to Leishmania parasites in vitro. 27457627 3 10 theme vector 713:718 arg1 specificity 678:688 specificity 678:688 specificity 678:688 In a previous study we revealed a correlation between specificity vs permissivity of the vector and glycosylation of its midgut proteins. 27457627 7 11 theme Lectin 1107:1112 arg1 blotting 1114:1121 Lectin blotting 1107:1121 Lectin blotting 1107:1121 Lectin blotting and mass spectrometry revealed that this molecule with an apparent molecular weight about 45-50 kDa corresponds to a putative 19 kDa protein with unknown function detected in a midgut cDNA library of Lu. 27457627 12 12 from involvement 1556:1566 arg1 attachment 1591:1600 Leishmania attachment 1580:1600 Leishmania attachment 1580:1600 Although we could not prove involvement of LuloG in Leishmania attachment by blocking the native protein with anti-rLuloG during sand fly infections, we demonstrated strong binding of rLuloG to whole surface of Leishmania promastigotes. 27457627 12 13 with protein 1625:1631 arg1 anti-rLuloG 1638:1648 anti-rLuloG 1638:1648 anti-rLuloG 1638:1648 Although we could not prove involvement of LuloG in Leishmania attachment by blocking the native protein with anti-rLuloG during sand fly infections, we demonstrated strong binding of rLuloG to whole surface of Leishmania promastigotes. 27457627 13 14 theme sand 1822:1825 arg1 longipalpis 1841:1851 sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis 1822:1851 sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis 1822:1851 CONCLUSIONS We characterized a novel O-glycoprotein from sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. 27457627 3 15 theme proteins 752:759 arg1 glycosylation 724:736 glycosylation 724:736 glycosylation of its midgut proteins 724:759 In a previous study we revealed a correlation between specificity vs permissivity of the vector and glycosylation of its midgut proteins. 27457627 4 16 theme specific 894:901 arg1 vectors 903:909 three specific vectors 888:909 three specific vectors examined 888:918 Lutzomyia longipalpis and other four permissive species tested possessed O-linked glycoproteins whereas none were detected in three specific vectors examined. 27457627 13 17 theme Lutzomyia 1831:1839 arg1 longipalpis 1841:1851 sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis 1822:1851 sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis 1822:1851 CONCLUSIONS We characterized a novel O-glycoprotein from sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. 27457627 5 18 theme O-linked 1065:1072 arg1 glycoprotein 1074:1085 O-linked glycoprotein 1065:1085 O-linked glycoprotein of Lu 1065:1091 RESULTS We used a combination of biochemical, molecular and parasitological approaches to characterize biochemical and biological properties of O-linked glycoprotein of Lu. 27457627 1 19 theme BACKGROUND 128:137 arg1 parasites 150:158 BACKGROUND Leishmania parasites 128:158 BACKGROUND Leishmania parasites 128:158 BACKGROUND Leishmania parasites are transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies and a crucial step in their life-cycle is the binding to the sand fly midgut. 27457627 12 20 theme fly 1662:1664 arg1 infections 1666:1675 sand fly infections 1657:1675 sand fly infections 1657:1675 Although we could not prove involvement of LuloG in Leishmania attachment by blocking the native protein with anti-rLuloG during sand fly infections, we demonstrated strong binding of rLuloG to whole surface of Leishmania promastigotes. 27457627 7 21 with protein 1256:1262 arg1 function 1277:1284 unknown function 1269:1284 unknown function detected in a midgut cDNA library of Lu 1269:1324 Lectin blotting and mass spectrometry revealed that this molecule with an apparent molecular weight about 45-50 kDa corresponds to a putative 19 kDa protein with unknown function detected in a midgut cDNA library of Lu. 27457627 14 22 theme epithelium 1934:1943 arg1 side 1915:1918 the luminal side 1903:1918 the luminal side of the midgut epithelium 1903:1943 It has mucin-like properties and is localized on the luminal side of the midgut epithelium. 27457627 4 23 contain possessed 825:833 arg1 species 810:816 Lutzomyia longipalpis and other four permissive species 762:816 species 810:816 Lutzomyia longipalpis and other four permissive species tested possessed O-linked glycoproteins whereas none were detected in three specific vectors examined. 27457627 4 23 contain possessed 825:833 arg1 longipalpis 772:782 Lutzomyia longipalpis and other four permissive species 762:816 longipalpis 772:782 Lutzomyia longipalpis and other four permissive species tested possessed O-linked glycoproteins whereas none were detected in three specific vectors examined. 27457627 4 23 contain possessed 825:833 arg2 glycoproteins 844:856 O-linked glycoproteins 835:856 O-linked glycoproteins 835:856 Lutzomyia longipalpis and other four permissive species tested possessed O-linked glycoproteins whereas none were detected in three specific vectors examined. 27457627 12 24 theme native 1618:1623 arg1 protein 1625:1631 the native protein 1614:1631 the native protein with anti-rLuloG 1614:1648 Although we could not prove involvement of LuloG in Leishmania attachment by blocking the native protein with anti-rLuloG during sand fly infections, we demonstrated strong binding of rLuloG to whole surface of Leishmania promastigotes. 27457627 2 25 theme Leishmania 490:499 arg1 species 501:507 one Leishmania species 486:507 one Leishmania species 486:507 Laboratory studies on sand fly competence to Leishmania parasites suggest that the sand flies fall into two groups: several species are termed "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one Leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species. 27457627 0 26 from role 97:100 arg1 attachment 116:125 Leishmania attachment 105:125 Leishmania attachment 105:125 Characterization of a midgut mucin-like glycoconjugate of Lutzomyia longipalpis with a potential role in Leishmania attachment. 27457627 0 27 theme longipalpis 68:78 arg1 glycoconjugate 40:53 a midgut mucin-like glycoconjugate 20:53 a midgut mucin-like glycoconjugate of Lutzomyia longipalpis with a potential role in Leishmania attachment 20:125 Characterization of a midgut mucin-like glycoconjugate of Lutzomyia longipalpis with a potential role in Leishmania attachment. 27457627 9 28 gly glycoprotein 1366:1377 arg1 glycoprotein 1366:1377 a recombinant glycoprotein rLuloG 1352:1384 a recombinant glycoprotein rLuloG with molecular weight around 45 kDa 1352:1420 We produced a recombinant glycoprotein rLuloG with molecular weight around 45 kDa. 27457627 1 29 theme phlebotomine 179:190 arg1 flies 197:201 phlebotomine sand flies 179:201 phlebotomine sand flies 179:201 BACKGROUND Leishmania parasites are transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies and a crucial step in their life-cycle is the binding to the sand fly midgut. 27457627 13 30 theme novel 1796:1800 arg1 O-glycoprotein 1802:1815 a novel O-glycoprotein 1794:1815 a novel O-glycoprotein from sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis 1794:1851 CONCLUSIONS We characterized a novel O-glycoprotein from sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. 27457627 16 31 theme fly 2086:2088 arg1 midgut 2090:2095 sand fly midgut 2081:2095 sand fly midgut 2081:2095 We propose a role of this molecule in Leishmania attachment to sand fly midgut. 27457627 7 32 theme 19 kDa 1249:1254 arg1 protein 1256:1262 a putative 19 kDa protein 1238:1262 a putative 19 kDa protein with unknown function detected in a midgut cDNA library of Lu 1238:1324 Lectin blotting and mass spectrometry revealed that this molecule with an apparent molecular weight about 45-50 kDa corresponds to a putative 19 kDa protein with unknown function detected in a midgut cDNA library of Lu. 27457627 5 33 theme molecular 967:975 arg1 approaches 997:1006 biochemical, molecular and parasitological approaches 954:1006 biochemical, molecular and parasitological approaches 954:1006 RESULTS We used a combination of biochemical, molecular and parasitological approaches to characterize biochemical and biological properties of O-linked glycoprotein of Lu. 27457627 3 34 gly glycosylation 724:736 arg1 proteins 752:759 its midgut proteins 741:759 its midgut proteins 741:759 In a previous study we revealed a correlation between specificity vs permissivity of the vector and glycosylation of its midgut proteins. 27457627 2 35 theme species 615:621 arg1 range 595:599 a wide range 588:599 a wide range of Leishmania species 588:621 Laboratory studies on sand fly competence to Leishmania parasites suggest that the sand flies fall into two groups: several species are termed "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one Leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species. 27457627 5 36 link O-linked 1065:1072 arg1 glycoprotein 1074:1085 O-linked glycoprotein 1065:1085 O-linked glycoprotein of Lu 1065:1091 RESULTS We used a combination of biochemical, molecular and parasitological approaches to characterize biochemical and biological properties of O-linked glycoprotein of Lu. 27457627 0 37 theme Leishmania 105:114 arg1 attachment 116:125 Leishmania attachment 105:125 Leishmania attachment 105:125 Characterization of a midgut mucin-like glycoconjugate of Lutzomyia longipalpis with a potential role in Leishmania attachment. 27457627 9 38 theme recombinant 1354:1364 arg1 rLuloG 1379:1384 a recombinant glycoprotein rLuloG 1352:1384 a recombinant glycoprotein rLuloG with molecular weight around 45 kDa 1352:1420 We produced a recombinant glycoprotein rLuloG with molecular weight around 45 kDa. 27457627 0 39 theme glycoconjugate 40:53 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of a midgut mucin-like glycoconjugate of Lutzomyia longipalpis with a potential role in Leishmania attachment. 0:126 Characterization of a midgut mucin-like glycoconjugate of Lutzomyia longipalpis with a potential role in Leishmania attachment. 27457627 5 40 theme parasitological 981:995 arg1 approaches 997:1006 biochemical, molecular and parasitological approaches 954:1006 biochemical, molecular and parasitological approaches 954:1006 RESULTS We used a combination of biochemical, molecular and parasitological approaches to characterize biochemical and biological properties of O-linked glycoprotein of Lu. 27457627 12 41 theme Leishmania 1739:1748 arg1 promastigotes 1750:1762 Leishmania promastigotes 1739:1762 Leishmania promastigotes 1739:1762 Although we could not prove involvement of LuloG in Leishmania attachment by blocking the native protein with anti-rLuloG during sand fly infections, we demonstrated strong binding of rLuloG to whole surface of Leishmania promastigotes. 27457627 2 42 theme " 444:444 arg1 vectors 446:452 "specific/restricted" vectors 424:452 "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one Leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species 424:621 Laboratory studies on sand fly competence to Leishmania parasites suggest that the sand flies fall into two groups: several species are termed "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one Leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species. 27457627 14 43 theme luminal 1907:1913 arg1 side 1915:1918 the luminal side 1903:1918 the luminal side of the midgut epithelium 1903:1943 It has mucin-like properties and is localized on the luminal side of the midgut epithelium. 27457627 2 44 theme Leishmania 604:613 arg1 species 615:621 Leishmania species 604:621 Leishmania species 604:621 Laboratory studies on sand fly competence to Leishmania parasites suggest that the sand flies fall into two groups: several species are termed "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one Leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species. 27457627 10 45 gly glycoprotein 1466:1477 arg1 glycoprotein 1466:1477 the native glycoprotein 1455:1477 the native glycoprotein 1455:1477 Anti-rLuloG antibodies localize the native glycoprotein on epithelial midgut surface of Lu. 27457627 9 46 theme molecular 1391:1399 arg1 weight 1401:1406 molecular weight 1391:1406 molecular weight around 45 kDa 1391:1420 We produced a recombinant glycoprotein rLuloG with molecular weight around 45 kDa. 27457627 12 47 theme LuloG 1571:1575 arg1 involvement 1556:1566 involvement 1556:1566 involvement of LuloG in Leishmania attachment 1556:1600 Although we could not prove involvement of LuloG in Leishmania attachment by blocking the native protein with anti-rLuloG during sand fly infections, we demonstrated strong binding of rLuloG to whole surface of Leishmania promastigotes. 27457627 5 48 theme biochemical 954:964 arg1 approaches 997:1006 biochemical, molecular and parasitological approaches 954:1006 biochemical, molecular and parasitological approaches 954:1006 RESULTS We used a combination of biochemical, molecular and parasitological approaches to characterize biochemical and biological properties of O-linked glycoprotein of Lu. 27457627 4 49 theme permissive 799:808 arg1 species 810:816 Lutzomyia longipalpis and other four permissive species 762:816 species 810:816 Lutzomyia longipalpis and other four permissive species tested possessed O-linked glycoproteins whereas none were detected in three specific vectors examined. 27457627 2 50 theme several 397:403 arg1 species 405:411 several species 397:411 several species 397:411 Laboratory studies on sand fly competence to Leishmania parasites suggest that the sand flies fall into two groups: several species are termed "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one Leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species. 27457627 0 51 theme mucin-like 29:38 arg1 glycoconjugate 40:53 a midgut mucin-like glycoconjugate 20:53 a midgut mucin-like glycoconjugate of Lutzomyia longipalpis with a potential role in Leishmania attachment 20:125 Characterization of a midgut mucin-like glycoconjugate of Lutzomyia longipalpis with a potential role in Leishmania attachment. 27457627 7 52 theme molecular 1190:1198 arg1 weight 1200:1205 an apparent molecular weight 1178:1205 an apparent molecular weight about 45-50 kDa 1178:1221 Lectin blotting and mass spectrometry revealed that this molecule with an apparent molecular weight about 45-50 kDa corresponds to a putative 19 kDa protein with unknown function detected in a midgut cDNA library of Lu. 27457627 12 53 theme Leishmania 1580:1589 arg1 attachment 1591:1600 Leishmania attachment 1580:1600 Leishmania attachment 1580:1600 Although we could not prove involvement of LuloG in Leishmania attachment by blocking the native protein with anti-rLuloG during sand fly infections, we demonstrated strong binding of rLuloG to whole surface of Leishmania promastigotes. 27457627 5 54 theme biological 1040:1049 arg1 properties 1051:1060 biochemical and biological properties 1024:1060 biochemical and biological properties of O-linked glycoprotein of Lu 1024:1091 RESULTS We used a combination of biochemical, molecular and parasitological approaches to characterize biochemical and biological properties of O-linked glycoprotein of Lu. 27457627 2 55 from studies 292:298 arg1 competence 312:321 sand fly competence 303:321 sand fly competence to Leishmania parasites 303:345 Laboratory studies on sand fly competence to Leishmania parasites suggest that the sand flies fall into two groups: several species are termed "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one Leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species. 27457627 7 56 theme Lu 1323:1324 arg1 library 1312:1318 a midgut cDNA library 1298:1318 a midgut cDNA library of Lu 1298:1324 Lectin blotting and mass spectrometry revealed that this molecule with an apparent molecular weight about 45-50 kDa corresponds to a putative 19 kDa protein with unknown function detected in a midgut cDNA library of Lu. 27457627 2 57 theme Leishmania 326:335 arg1 parasites 337:345 Leishmania parasites 326:345 Leishmania parasites 326:345 Laboratory studies on sand fly competence to Leishmania parasites suggest that the sand flies fall into two groups: several species are termed "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one Leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species. 27457627 4 58 located detected 876:883 arg1 vectors 903:909 three specific vectors 888:909 three specific vectors examined 888:918 Lutzomyia longipalpis and other four permissive species tested possessed O-linked glycoproteins whereas none were detected in three specific vectors examined. 27457627 4 58 located detected 876:883 arg2 none 866:869 none 866:869 none 866:869 Lutzomyia longipalpis and other four permissive species tested possessed O-linked glycoproteins whereas none were detected in three specific vectors examined. 27457627 15 59 theme Recombinant 1946:1956 arg1 form 1958:1961 Recombinant form 1946:1961 Recombinant form of the protein 1946:1976 Recombinant form of the protein binds to Leishmania parasites in vitro. 27457627 4 60 theme other 788:792 arg1 species 810:816 Lutzomyia longipalpis and other four permissive species 762:816 species 810:816 Lutzomyia longipalpis and other four permissive species tested possessed O-linked glycoproteins whereas none were detected in three specific vectors examined. 27457627 5 61 theme biochemical 1024:1034 arg1 properties 1051:1060 biochemical and biological properties 1024:1060 biochemical and biological properties of O-linked glycoprotein of Lu 1024:1091 RESULTS We used a combination of biochemical, molecular and parasitological approaches to characterize biochemical and biological properties of O-linked glycoprotein of Lu. 27457627 7 62 theme midgut 1300:1305 arg1 library 1312:1318 a midgut cDNA library 1298:1318 a midgut cDNA library of Lu 1298:1324 Lectin blotting and mass spectrometry revealed that this molecule with an apparent molecular weight about 45-50 kDa corresponds to a putative 19 kDa protein with unknown function detected in a midgut cDNA library of Lu. 27457627 5 63 gly glycoprotein 1074:1085 arg1 glycoprotein 1074:1085 O-linked glycoprotein 1065:1085 O-linked glycoprotein of Lu 1065:1091 RESULTS We used a combination of biochemical, molecular and parasitological approaches to characterize biochemical and biological properties of O-linked glycoprotein of Lu. 27457627 14 64 located localized 1890:1898 arg1 side 1915:1918 the luminal side 1903:1918 the luminal side of the midgut epithelium 1903:1943 It has mucin-like properties and is localized on the luminal side of the midgut epithelium. 27457627 14 64 located localized 1890:1898 arg2 It 1854:1855 It 1854:1855 It 1854:1855 It has mucin-like properties and is localized on the luminal side of the midgut epithelium. 27457627 7 65 with molecule 1164:1171 arg1 weight 1200:1205 an apparent molecular weight 1178:1205 an apparent molecular weight about 45-50 kDa 1178:1221 Lectin blotting and mass spectrometry revealed that this molecule with an apparent molecular weight about 45-50 kDa corresponds to a putative 19 kDa protein with unknown function detected in a midgut cDNA library of Lu. 27457627 1 66 theme sand 264:267 arg1 midgut 273:278 the sand fly midgut 260:278 the sand fly midgut 260:278 BACKGROUND Leishmania parasites are transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies and a crucial step in their life-cycle is the binding to the sand fly midgut. 27457627 7 67 theme mass 1127:1130 arg1 spectrometry 1132:1143 mass spectrometry 1127:1143 mass spectrometry 1127:1143 Lectin blotting and mass spectrometry revealed that this molecule with an apparent molecular weight about 45-50 kDa corresponds to a putative 19 kDa protein with unknown function detected in a midgut cDNA library of Lu. 27457627 1 68 theme sand 192:195 arg1 flies 197:201 phlebotomine sand flies 179:201 phlebotomine sand flies 179:201 BACKGROUND Leishmania parasites are transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies and a crucial step in their life-cycle is the binding to the sand fly midgut. 27457627 13 69 gly O-glycoprotein 1802:1815 arg1 O-glycoprotein 1802:1815 a novel O-glycoprotein 1794:1815 a novel O-glycoprotein from sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis 1794:1851 CONCLUSIONS We characterized a novel O-glycoprotein from sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. 27457627 10 70 theme epithelial 1482:1491 arg1 surface 1500:1506 epithelial midgut surface 1482:1506 epithelial midgut surface of Lu 1482:1512 Anti-rLuloG antibodies localize the native glycoprotein on epithelial midgut surface of Lu. 27457627 2 71 theme wide 590:593 arg1 range 595:599 a wide range 588:599 a wide range of Leishmania species 588:621 Laboratory studies on sand fly competence to Leishmania parasites suggest that the sand flies fall into two groups: several species are termed "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one Leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species. 27457627 2 72 theme sand 303:306 arg1 competence 312:321 sand fly competence 303:321 sand fly competence to Leishmania parasites 303:345 Laboratory studies on sand fly competence to Leishmania parasites suggest that the sand flies fall into two groups: several species are termed "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one Leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species. 27457627 1 73 theme crucial 209:215 arg1 step 217:220 a crucial step 207:220 a crucial step in their life-cycle 207:240 BACKGROUND Leishmania parasites are transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies and a crucial step in their life-cycle is the binding to the sand fly midgut. 27457627 1 73 theme crucial 209:215 arg1 binding 249:255 the binding 245:255 the binding to the sand fly midgut 245:278 BACKGROUND Leishmania parasites are transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies and a crucial step in their life-cycle is the binding to the sand fly midgut. 27457627 12 74 theme strong 1694:1699 arg1 binding 1701:1707 strong binding 1694:1707 strong binding of rLuloG to whole surface of Leishmania promastigotes 1694:1762 Although we could not prove involvement of LuloG in Leishmania attachment by blocking the native protein with anti-rLuloG during sand fly infections, we demonstrated strong binding of rLuloG to whole surface of Leishmania promastigotes. 27457627 15 75 theme protein 1970:1976 arg1 form 1958:1961 Recombinant form 1946:1961 Recombinant form of the protein 1946:1976 Recombinant form of the protein binds to Leishmania parasites in vitro. 27457627 4 76 gly glycoproteins 844:856 arg1 glycoproteins 844:856 O-linked glycoproteins 835:856 O-linked glycoproteins 835:856 Lutzomyia longipalpis and other four permissive species tested possessed O-linked glycoproteins whereas none were detected in three specific vectors examined. 27457627 12 77 theme sand 1657:1660 arg1 infections 1666:1675 sand fly infections 1657:1675 sand fly infections 1657:1675 Although we could not prove involvement of LuloG in Leishmania attachment by blocking the native protein with anti-rLuloG during sand fly infections, we demonstrated strong binding of rLuloG to whole surface of Leishmania promastigotes. 27457627 4 78 link O-linked 835:842 arg1 glycoproteins 844:856 O-linked glycoproteins 835:856 O-linked glycoproteins 835:856 Lutzomyia longipalpis and other four permissive species tested possessed O-linked glycoproteins whereas none were detected in three specific vectors examined. 27457627 2 79 theme permissive 553:562 arg1 vectors 565:571 so-called "permissive" vectors 542:571 so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species 542:621 Laboratory studies on sand fly competence to Leishmania parasites suggest that the sand flies fall into two groups: several species are termed "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one Leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species. 27457627 3 80 theme midgut 745:750 arg1 proteins 752:759 its midgut proteins 741:759 its midgut proteins 741:759 In a previous study we revealed a correlation between specificity vs permissivity of the vector and glycosylation of its midgut proteins. 27457627 5 81 theme glycoprotein 1074:1085 arg1 properties 1051:1060 biochemical and biological properties 1024:1060 biochemical and biological properties of O-linked glycoprotein of Lu 1024:1091 RESULTS We used a combination of biochemical, molecular and parasitological approaches to characterize biochemical and biological properties of O-linked glycoprotein of Lu. 27457627 5 82 used used 932:935 arg2 We 929:930 We 929:930 We 929:930 RESULTS We used a combination of biochemical, molecular and parasitological approaches to characterize biochemical and biological properties of O-linked glycoprotein of Lu. 27457627 1 83 from step 217:220 arg1 life-cycle 231:240 their life-cycle 225:240 their life-cycle 225:240 BACKGROUND Leishmania parasites are transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies and a crucial step in their life-cycle is the binding to the sand fly midgut. 27457627 1 84 theme Leishmania 139:148 arg1 parasites 150:158 BACKGROUND Leishmania parasites 128:158 BACKGROUND Leishmania parasites 128:158 BACKGROUND Leishmania parasites are transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies and a crucial step in their life-cycle is the binding to the sand fly midgut. 27457627 2 85 theme so-called 542:550 arg1 vectors 565:571 so-called "permissive" vectors 542:571 so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species 542:621 Laboratory studies on sand fly competence to Leishmania parasites suggest that the sand flies fall into two groups: several species are termed "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one Leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species. 27457627 7 86 theme unknown 1269:1275 arg1 function 1277:1284 unknown function 1269:1284 unknown function detected in a midgut cDNA library of Lu 1269:1324 Lectin blotting and mass spectrometry revealed that this molecule with an apparent molecular weight about 45-50 kDa corresponds to a putative 19 kDa protein with unknown function detected in a midgut cDNA library of Lu. 27457627 5 87 theme Lu 1090:1091 arg1 glycoprotein 1074:1085 O-linked glycoprotein 1065:1085 O-linked glycoprotein of Lu 1065:1091 RESULTS We used a combination of biochemical, molecular and parasitological approaches to characterize biochemical and biological properties of O-linked glycoprotein of Lu. 27457627 14 88 theme midgut 1927:1932 arg1 epithelium 1934:1943 the midgut epithelium 1923:1943 the midgut epithelium 1923:1943 It has mucin-like properties and is localized on the luminal side of the midgut epithelium. 27457627 0 89 theme potential 87:95 arg1 role 97:100 a potential role 85:100 a potential role in Leishmania attachment 85:125 Characterization of a midgut mucin-like glycoconjugate of Lutzomyia longipalpis with a potential role in Leishmania attachment. 27457627 12 90 theme promastigotes 1750:1762 arg1 surface 1728:1734 whole surface 1722:1734 whole surface of Leishmania promastigotes 1722:1762 Although we could not prove involvement of LuloG in Leishmania attachment by blocking the native protein with anti-rLuloG during sand fly infections, we demonstrated strong binding of rLuloG to whole surface of Leishmania promastigotes. 27457627 10 91 theme Lu 1511:1512 arg1 surface 1500:1506 epithelial midgut surface 1482:1506 epithelial midgut surface of Lu 1482:1512 Anti-rLuloG antibodies localize the native glycoprotein on epithelial midgut surface of Lu. 27457627 7 92 theme putative 1240:1247 arg1 protein 1256:1262 a putative 19 kDa protein 1238:1262 a putative 19 kDa protein with unknown function detected in a midgut cDNA library of Lu 1238:1324 Lectin blotting and mass spectrometry revealed that this molecule with an apparent molecular weight about 45-50 kDa corresponds to a putative 19 kDa protein with unknown function detected in a midgut cDNA library of Lu. 27457627 7 93 located detected 1286:1293 arg2 function 1277:1284 unknown function 1269:1284 unknown function detected in a midgut cDNA library of Lu 1269:1324 Lectin blotting and mass spectrometry revealed that this molecule with an apparent molecular weight about 45-50 kDa corresponds to a putative 19 kDa protein with unknown function detected in a midgut cDNA library of Lu. 27457627 7 93 located detected 1286:1293 arg1 library 1312:1318 a midgut cDNA library 1298:1318 a midgut cDNA library of Lu 1298:1324 Lectin blotting and mass spectrometry revealed that this molecule with an apparent molecular weight about 45-50 kDa corresponds to a putative 19 kDa protein with unknown function detected in a midgut cDNA library of Lu. 27457627 16 94 theme molecule 2044:2051 arg1 role 2031:2034 a role 2029:2034 a role of this molecule in Leishmania attachment to sand fly midgut 2029:2095 We propose a role of this molecule in Leishmania attachment to sand fly midgut. 27457627 12 95 theme whole 1722:1726 arg1 surface 1728:1734 whole surface 1722:1734 whole surface of Leishmania promastigotes 1722:1762 Although we could not prove involvement of LuloG in Leishmania attachment by blocking the native protein with anti-rLuloG during sand fly infections, we demonstrated strong binding of rLuloG to whole surface of Leishmania promastigotes. 27457627 2 96 theme species 501:507 arg1 development 471:481 the development 467:481 the development of one Leishmania species 467:507 Laboratory studies on sand fly competence to Leishmania parasites suggest that the sand flies fall into two groups: several species are termed "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one Leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species. 27457627 13 97 dep CONCLUSIONS 1765:1775 arg1 characterized 1780:1792 characterized 1780:1792 characterized a novel O-glycoprotein from sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis 1780:1851 CONCLUSIONS We characterized a novel O-glycoprotein from sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. 27457627 5 98 dep RESULTS 921:927 arg1 used 932:935 used 932:935 used a combination of biochemical, molecular and parasitological approaches to characterize biochemical and biological properties of O-linked glycoprotein of Lu 932:1091 RESULTS We used a combination of biochemical, molecular and parasitological approaches to characterize biochemical and biological properties of O-linked glycoprotein of Lu. 27457627 7 99 theme 45-50 kDa 1213:1221 arg1 weight 1200:1205 an apparent molecular weight 1178:1205 an apparent molecular weight about 45-50 kDa 1178:1221 Lectin blotting and mass spectrometry revealed that this molecule with an apparent molecular weight about 45-50 kDa corresponds to a putative 19 kDa protein with unknown function detected in a midgut cDNA library of Lu. 27457627 9 100 theme glycoprotein 1366:1377 arg1 rLuloG 1379:1384 a recombinant glycoprotein rLuloG 1352:1384 a recombinant glycoprotein rLuloG with molecular weight around 45 kDa 1352:1420 We produced a recombinant glycoprotein rLuloG with molecular weight around 45 kDa. 27457627 16 101 theme sand 2081:2084 arg1 midgut 2090:2095 sand fly midgut 2081:2095 sand fly midgut 2081:2095 We propose a role of this molecule in Leishmania attachment to sand fly midgut. 27457627 2 102 theme specific/restricted 425:443 arg1 vectors 446:452 "specific/restricted" vectors 424:452 "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one Leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species 424:621 Laboratory studies on sand fly competence to Leishmania parasites suggest that the sand flies fall into two groups: several species are termed "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one Leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species. 27457627 14 103 contain has 1857:1859 arg1 It 1854:1855 It 1854:1855 It 1854:1855 It has mucin-like properties and is localized on the luminal side of the midgut epithelium. 27457627 14 103 contain has 1857:1859 arg2 properties 1872:1881 mucin-like properties 1861:1881 mucin-like properties 1861:1881 It has mucin-like properties and is localized on the luminal side of the midgut epithelium. 27457627 0 104 theme midgut 22:27 arg1 glycoconjugate 40:53 a midgut mucin-like glycoconjugate 20:53 a midgut mucin-like glycoconjugate of Lutzomyia longipalpis with a potential role in Leishmania attachment 20:125 Characterization of a midgut mucin-like glycoconjugate of Lutzomyia longipalpis with a potential role in Leishmania attachment. 27457627 16 105 from role 2031:2034 arg1 attachment 2067:2076 Leishmania attachment 2056:2076 Leishmania attachment to sand fly midgut 2056:2095 We propose a role of this molecule in Leishmania attachment to sand fly midgut. 27457627 7 106 theme apparent 1181:1188 arg1 weight 1200:1205 an apparent molecular weight 1178:1205 an apparent molecular weight about 45-50 kDa 1178:1221 Lectin blotting and mass spectrometry revealed that this molecule with an apparent molecular weight about 45-50 kDa corresponds to a putative 19 kDa protein with unknown function detected in a midgut cDNA library of Lu. 27457627 12 107 theme rLuloG 1712:1717 arg1 binding 1701:1707 strong binding 1694:1707 strong binding of rLuloG to whole surface of Leishmania promastigotes 1694:1762 Although we could not prove involvement of LuloG in Leishmania attachment by blocking the native protein with anti-rLuloG during sand fly infections, we demonstrated strong binding of rLuloG to whole surface of Leishmania promastigotes. 27457627 0 108 theme Lutzomyia 58:66 arg1 longipalpis 68:78 Lutzomyia longipalpis 58:78 Lutzomyia longipalpis 58:78 Characterization of a midgut mucin-like glycoconjugate of Lutzomyia longipalpis with a potential role in Leishmania attachment. 27457627 13 109 from longipalpis 1841:1851 arg1 O-glycoprotein 1802:1815 a novel O-glycoprotein 1794:1815 a novel O-glycoprotein from sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis 1794:1851 CONCLUSIONS We characterized a novel O-glycoprotein from sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. 27457627 14 110 theme mucin-like 1861:1870 arg1 properties 1872:1881 mucin-like properties 1861:1881 mucin-like properties 1861:1881 It has mucin-like properties and is localized on the luminal side of the midgut epithelium. 27457627 5 111 theme approaches 997:1006 arg1 combination 939:949 a combination 937:949 a combination of biochemical, molecular and parasitological approaches 937:1006 RESULTS We used a combination of biochemical, molecular and parasitological approaches to characterize biochemical and biological properties of O-linked glycoprotein of Lu. 27457627 7 112 theme cDNA 1307:1310 arg1 library 1312:1318 a midgut cDNA library 1298:1318 a midgut cDNA library of Lu 1298:1324 Lectin blotting and mass spectrometry revealed that this molecule with an apparent molecular weight about 45-50 kDa corresponds to a putative 19 kDa protein with unknown function detected in a midgut cDNA library of Lu. 27457627 16 113 theme Leishmania 2056:2065 arg1 attachment 2067:2076 Leishmania attachment 2056:2076 Leishmania attachment to sand fly midgut 2056:2095 We propose a role of this molecule in Leishmania attachment to sand fly midgut. 27457627 3 114 theme previous 629:636 arg1 study 638:642 a previous study 627:642 a previous study 627:642 In a previous study we revealed a correlation between specificity vs permissivity of the vector and glycosylation of its midgut proteins. 27457627 4 115 theme Lutzomyia 762:770 arg1 longipalpis 772:782 Lutzomyia longipalpis and other four permissive species 762:816 longipalpis 772:782 Lutzomyia longipalpis and other four permissive species tested possessed O-linked glycoproteins whereas none were detected in three specific vectors examined. 27457627 10 116 theme Anti-rLuloG 1423:1433 arg1 antibodies 1435:1444 Anti-rLuloG antibodies 1423:1444 Anti-rLuloG antibodies 1423:1444 Anti-rLuloG antibodies localize the native glycoprotein on epithelial midgut surface of Lu. 27457627 13 117 theme fly 1827:1829 arg1 longipalpis 1841:1851 sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis 1822:1851 sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis 1822:1851 CONCLUSIONS We characterized a novel O-glycoprotein from sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. 27457627 0 118 with glycoconjugate 40:53 arg1 role 97:100 a potential role 85:100 a potential role in Leishmania attachment 85:125 Characterization of a midgut mucin-like glycoconjugate of Lutzomyia longipalpis with a potential role in Leishmania attachment. 27457627 2 119 theme sand 364:367 arg1 flies 369:373 the sand flies 360:373 the sand flies 360:373 Laboratory studies on sand fly competence to Leishmania parasites suggest that the sand flies fall into two groups: several species are termed "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one Leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of Leishmania species. 24903593 4 0 from Glu-173 772:778 arg1 mutations 747:755 alanine mutations 739:755 alanine mutations at Asn-130 and Glu-173 739:778 Three mutants at Cys sites (Cys-4, Cys-55, Cys-291) and a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant significantly impaired RNA synthesis, and consequently abolished viral growth, whereas alanine mutations at Asn-130 and Glu-173 resulted in phenotypes that were similar to the wild-type (WT) virus. 24903593 3 1 theme N-linked 439:446 arg1 Asn-207 455:461 the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 428:461 the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 428:461 The results of the subsequent analysis showed that an alanine substitution at the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 in NS1 delayed viral RNA synthesis, reduced virus plaque size, and weakened the cytopathic effect. 24903593 0 2 from role 9:12 arg1 replication 51:61 viral replication 45:61 viral replication 45:61 Critical role of Dengue Virus NS1 protein in viral replication. 24903593 3 3 theme glycan 448:453 arg1 Asn-207 455:461 the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 428:461 the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 428:461 The results of the subsequent analysis showed that an alanine substitution at the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 in NS1 delayed viral RNA synthesis, reduced virus plaque size, and weakened the cytopathic effect. 24903593 4 4 dep wild-type 828:836 arg1 WT 839:840 WT 839:840 WT 839:840 Three mutants at Cys sites (Cys-4, Cys-55, Cys-291) and a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant significantly impaired RNA synthesis, and consequently abolished viral growth, whereas alanine mutations at Asn-130 and Glu-173 resulted in phenotypes that were similar to the wild-type (WT) virus. 24903593 4 5 from Asn-130 760:766 arg1 mutations 747:755 alanine mutations 739:755 alanine mutations at Asn-130 and Glu-173 739:778 Three mutants at Cys sites (Cys-4, Cys-55, Cys-291) and a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant significantly impaired RNA synthesis, and consequently abolished viral growth, whereas alanine mutations at Asn-130 and Glu-173 resulted in phenotypes that were similar to the wild-type (WT) virus. 24903593 5 6 theme viral 917:921 arg1 replication 923:933 viral replication 917:933 viral replication 917:933 Further analysis showed that the Asn-207 mutation slightly delayed viral replication. 24903593 3 7 theme viral 478:482 arg1 synthesis 488:496 viral RNA synthesis 478:496 viral RNA synthesis 478:496 The results of the subsequent analysis showed that an alanine substitution at the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 in NS1 delayed viral RNA synthesis, reduced virus plaque size, and weakened the cytopathic effect. 24903593 5 8 theme Further 850:856 arg1 analysis 858:865 Further analysis 850:865 Further analysis 850:865 Further analysis showed that the Asn-207 mutation slightly delayed viral replication. 24903593 3 9 from Asn-207 455:461 arg1 substitution 412:423 an alanine substitution 401:423 an alanine substitution at the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 in NS1 401:468 The results of the subsequent analysis showed that an alanine substitution at the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 in NS1 delayed viral RNA synthesis, reduced virus plaque size, and weakened the cytopathic effect. 24903593 3 10 theme RNA 484:486 arg1 synthesis 488:496 viral RNA synthesis 478:496 viral RNA synthesis 478:496 The results of the subsequent analysis showed that an alanine substitution at the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 in NS1 delayed viral RNA synthesis, reduced virus plaque size, and weakened the cytopathic effect. 24903593 2 11 theme site-directed 270:282 arg1 mutagenesis 284:294 site-directed mutagenesis 270:294 site-directed mutagenesis 270:294 Here, we performed site-directed mutagenesis to generate systematic mutants of viral strain TSV01. 24903593 4 12 theme alanine 739:745 arg1 mutations 747:755 alanine mutations 739:755 alanine mutations at Asn-130 and Glu-173 739:778 Three mutants at Cys sites (Cys-4, Cys-55, Cys-291) and a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant significantly impaired RNA synthesis, and consequently abolished viral growth, whereas alanine mutations at Asn-130 and Glu-173 resulted in phenotypes that were similar to the wild-type (WT) virus. 24903593 6 13 theme conserved 973:981 arg1 bonds 993:997 the three conserved disulfide bonds 963:997 the three conserved disulfide bonds 963:997 These results suggest that the three conserved disulfide bonds and the second N-linked glycan in NS1 are required for DENV-2 replication. 24903593 4 14 theme RNA 675:677 arg1 synthesis 679:687 RNA synthesis 675:687 RNA synthesis 675:687 Three mutants at Cys sites (Cys-4, Cys-55, Cys-291) and a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant significantly impaired RNA synthesis, and consequently abolished viral growth, whereas alanine mutations at Asn-130 and Glu-173 resulted in phenotypes that were similar to the wild-type (WT) virus. 24903593 2 15 theme strain 336:341 arg1 TSV01 343:347 viral strain TSV01 330:347 viral strain TSV01 330:347 Here, we performed site-directed mutagenesis to generate systematic mutants of viral strain TSV01. 24903593 6 16 theme N-linked 1014:1021 arg1 glycan 1023:1028 the second N-linked glycan 1003:1028 the second N-linked glycan 1003:1028 These results suggest that the three conserved disulfide bonds and the second N-linked glycan in NS1 are required for DENV-2 replication. 24903593 3 17 from substitution 412:423 arg1 NS1 466:468 NS1 466:468 NS1 466:468 The results of the subsequent analysis showed that an alanine substitution at the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 in NS1 delayed viral RNA synthesis, reduced virus plaque size, and weakened the cytopathic effect. 24903593 1 18 theme Dengue 64:69 arg1 protein 143:149 a highly conserved 46-kDa protein 117:149 a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues 117:248 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 18 theme Dengue 64:69 arg1 protein 98:104 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 64:106 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) 64:112 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 18 theme Dengue 64:69 arg1 NS1 109:111 NS1 109:111 NS1 109:111 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 4 19 from sites 583:587 arg1 mutants 568:574 Three mutants 562:574 Three mutants at Cys sites (Cys-4, Cys-55, Cys-291) 562:612 Three mutants at Cys sites (Cys-4, Cys-55, Cys-291) and a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant significantly impaired RNA synthesis, and consequently abolished viral growth, whereas alanine mutations at Asn-130 and Glu-173 resulted in phenotypes that were similar to the wild-type (WT) virus. 24903593 4 19 from sites 583:587 arg1 mutant 645:650 a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant 618:650 a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant 618:650 Three mutants at Cys sites (Cys-4, Cys-55, Cys-291) and a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant significantly impaired RNA synthesis, and consequently abolished viral growth, whereas alanine mutations at Asn-130 and Glu-173 resulted in phenotypes that were similar to the wild-type (WT) virus. 24903593 1 20 theme conserved 126:134 arg1 protein 143:149 a highly conserved 46-kDa protein 117:149 a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues 117:248 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 20 theme conserved 126:134 arg1 protein 98:104 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 64:106 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) 64:112 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 21 gly glycosylation 167:179 arg2 sites 181:185 2 glycosylation sites 165:185 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) 165:207 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 21 gly glycosylation 167:179 arg2 2 165:165 2 165:165 2 165:165 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 21 gly glycosylation 167:179 arg2 Asn-207 200:206 Asn-207 200:206 Asn-207 200:206 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 21 gly glycosylation 167:179 arg2 Asn-130 188:194 Asn-130 188:194 Asn-130 188:194 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 4 22 theme Cys 579:581 arg1 sites 583:587 Cys sites 579:587 Cys sites (Cys-4, Cys-55, Cys-291) 579:612 Three mutants at Cys sites (Cys-4, Cys-55, Cys-291) and a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant significantly impaired RNA synthesis, and consequently abolished viral growth, whereas alanine mutations at Asn-130 and Glu-173 resulted in phenotypes that were similar to the wild-type (WT) virus. 24903593 1 23 theme virus 71:75 arg1 protein 143:149 a highly conserved 46-kDa protein 117:149 a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues 117:248 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 23 theme virus 71:75 arg1 protein 98:104 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 64:106 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) 64:112 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 23 theme virus 71:75 arg1 NS1 109:111 NS1 109:111 NS1 109:111 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 6 24 theme disulfide 983:991 arg1 bonds 993:997 the three conserved disulfide bonds 963:997 the three conserved disulfide bonds 963:997 These results suggest that the three conserved disulfide bonds and the second N-linked glycan in NS1 are required for DENV-2 replication. 24903593 1 25 theme 46-kDa 136:141 arg1 protein 143:149 a highly conserved 46-kDa protein 117:149 a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues 117:248 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 25 theme 46-kDa 136:141 arg1 protein 98:104 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 64:106 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) 64:112 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 0 26 theme Critical 0:7 arg1 role 9:12 Critical role 0:12 Critical role of Dengue Virus NS1 protein in viral replication. 0:62 Critical role of Dengue Virus NS1 protein in viral replication. 24903593 1 27 theme conserved 216:224 arg1 residues 241:248 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues 213:248 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues 213:248 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 3 28 theme virus 507:511 arg1 size 520:523 virus plaque size 507:523 virus plaque size 507:523 The results of the subsequent analysis showed that an alanine substitution at the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 in NS1 delayed viral RNA synthesis, reduced virus plaque size, and weakened the cytopathic effect. 24903593 0 29 theme Dengue 17:22 arg1 protein 34:40 Dengue Virus NS1 protein 17:40 Dengue Virus NS1 protein 17:40 Critical role of Dengue Virus NS1 protein in viral replication. 24903593 1 30 theme cysteine 226:233 arg1 residues 241:248 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues 213:248 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues 213:248 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 3 31 link N-linked 439:446 arg1 Asn-207 455:461 the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 428:461 the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 428:461 The results of the subsequent analysis showed that an alanine substitution at the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 in NS1 delayed viral RNA synthesis, reduced virus plaque size, and weakened the cytopathic effect. 24903593 1 32 theme DENV 78:81 arg1 protein 143:149 a highly conserved 46-kDa protein 117:149 a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues 117:248 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 32 theme DENV 78:81 arg1 protein 98:104 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 64:106 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) 64:112 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 32 theme DENV 78:81 arg1 NS1 109:111 NS1 109:111 NS1 109:111 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 4 33 theme deletion 631:638 arg1 mutant 645:650 a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant 618:650 a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant 618:650 Three mutants at Cys sites (Cys-4, Cys-55, Cys-291) and a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant significantly impaired RNA synthesis, and consequently abolished viral growth, whereas alanine mutations at Asn-130 and Glu-173 resulted in phenotypes that were similar to the wild-type (WT) virus. 24903593 6 34 link N-linked 1014:1021 arg1 glycan 1023:1028 the second N-linked glycan 1003:1028 the second N-linked glycan 1003:1028 These results suggest that the three conserved disulfide bonds and the second N-linked glycan in NS1 are required for DENV-2 replication. 24903593 4 35 theme ΔC 641:642 arg1 mutant 645:650 a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant 618:650 a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant 618:650 Three mutants at Cys sites (Cys-4, Cys-55, Cys-291) and a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant significantly impaired RNA synthesis, and consequently abolished viral growth, whereas alanine mutations at Asn-130 and Glu-173 resulted in phenotypes that were similar to the wild-type (WT) virus. 24903593 3 36 theme alanine 404:410 arg1 substitution 412:423 an alanine substitution 401:423 an alanine substitution at the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 in NS1 401:468 The results of the subsequent analysis showed that an alanine substitution at the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 in NS1 delayed viral RNA synthesis, reduced virus plaque size, and weakened the cytopathic effect. 24903593 0 37 theme NS1 30:32 arg1 protein 34:40 Dengue Virus NS1 protein 17:40 Dengue Virus NS1 protein 17:40 Critical role of Dengue Virus NS1 protein in viral replication. 24903593 4 38 theme wild-type 828:836 arg1 virus 843:847 the wild-type (WT) virus 824:847 the wild-type (WT) virus 824:847 Three mutants at Cys sites (Cys-4, Cys-55, Cys-291) and a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant significantly impaired RNA synthesis, and consequently abolished viral growth, whereas alanine mutations at Asn-130 and Glu-173 resulted in phenotypes that were similar to the wild-type (WT) virus. 24903593 4 39 theme viral 717:721 arg1 growth 723:728 viral growth 717:728 viral growth 717:728 Three mutants at Cys sites (Cys-4, Cys-55, Cys-291) and a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant significantly impaired RNA synthesis, and consequently abolished viral growth, whereas alanine mutations at Asn-130 and Glu-173 resulted in phenotypes that were similar to the wild-type (WT) virus. 24903593 0 40 theme Virus 24:28 arg1 protein 34:40 Dengue Virus NS1 protein 17:40 Dengue Virus NS1 protein 17:40 Critical role of Dengue Virus NS1 protein in viral replication. 24903593 1 41 dep sites 181:185 arg1 Asn-130 188:194 Asn-130 188:194 Asn-130 188:194 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 41 dep sites 181:185 arg1 sites 181:185 2 glycosylation sites 165:185 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) 165:207 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 41 dep sites 181:185 arg1 Asn-207 200:206 Asn-207 200:206 Asn-207 200:206 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 42 theme glycosylation 167:179 arg1 Asn-130 188:194 Asn-130 188:194 Asn-130 188:194 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 42 theme glycosylation 167:179 arg1 sites 181:185 2 glycosylation sites 165:185 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) 165:207 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 42 theme glycosylation 167:179 arg1 Asn-207 200:206 Asn-207 200:206 Asn-207 200:206 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 3 43 theme subsequent 369:378 arg1 analysis 380:387 the subsequent analysis 365:387 the subsequent analysis 365:387 The results of the subsequent analysis showed that an alanine substitution at the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 in NS1 delayed viral RNA synthesis, reduced virus plaque size, and weakened the cytopathic effect. 24903593 3 44 theme plaque 513:518 arg1 size 520:523 virus plaque size 507:523 virus plaque size 507:523 The results of the subsequent analysis showed that an alanine substitution at the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 in NS1 delayed viral RNA synthesis, reduced virus plaque size, and weakened the cytopathic effect. 24903593 1 45 theme nonstructural 84:96 arg1 protein 143:149 a highly conserved 46-kDa protein 117:149 a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues 117:248 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 45 theme nonstructural 84:96 arg1 protein 98:104 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 64:106 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) 64:112 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 45 theme nonstructural 84:96 arg1 NS1 109:111 NS1 109:111 NS1 109:111 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 0 46 theme protein 34:40 arg1 role 9:12 Critical role 0:12 Critical role of Dengue Virus NS1 protein in viral replication. 0:62 Critical role of Dengue Virus NS1 protein in viral replication. 24903593 3 47 theme second 432:437 arg1 Asn-207 455:461 the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 428:461 the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 428:461 The results of the subsequent analysis showed that an alanine substitution at the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 in NS1 delayed viral RNA synthesis, reduced virus plaque size, and weakened the cytopathic effect. 24903593 3 48 theme cytopathic 543:552 arg1 effect 554:559 the cytopathic effect 539:559 the cytopathic effect 539:559 The results of the subsequent analysis showed that an alanine substitution at the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 in NS1 delayed viral RNA synthesis, reduced virus plaque size, and weakened the cytopathic effect. 24903593 6 49 from glycan 1023:1028 arg1 NS1 1033:1035 NS1 1033:1035 NS1 1033:1035 These results suggest that the three conserved disulfide bonds and the second N-linked glycan in NS1 are required for DENV-2 replication. 24903593 4 50 theme C-terminal 620:629 arg1 mutant 645:650 a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant 618:650 a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant 618:650 Three mutants at Cys sites (Cys-4, Cys-55, Cys-291) and a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant significantly impaired RNA synthesis, and consequently abolished viral growth, whereas alanine mutations at Asn-130 and Glu-173 resulted in phenotypes that were similar to the wild-type (WT) virus. 24903593 6 51 theme DENV-2 1054:1059 arg1 replication 1061:1071 DENV-2 replication 1054:1071 DENV-2 replication 1054:1071 These results suggest that the three conserved disulfide bonds and the second N-linked glycan in NS1 are required for DENV-2 replication. 24903593 1 52 contain contains 156:163 arg1 protein 143:149 a highly conserved 46-kDa protein 117:149 a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues 117:248 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 52 contain contains 156:163 arg2 Asn-207 200:206 Asn-207 200:206 Asn-207 200:206 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 52 contain contains 156:163 arg2 residues 241:248 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues 213:248 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues 213:248 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 52 contain contains 156:163 arg1 protein 98:104 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 64:106 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) 64:112 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 52 contain contains 156:163 arg2 sites 181:185 2 glycosylation sites 165:185 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) 165:207 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 1 52 contain contains 156:163 arg2 Asn-130 188:194 Asn-130 188:194 Asn-130 188:194 Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. 24903593 6 53 from bonds 993:997 arg1 NS1 1033:1035 NS1 1033:1035 NS1 1033:1035 These results suggest that the three conserved disulfide bonds and the second N-linked glycan in NS1 are required for DENV-2 replication. 24903593 6 54 theme second 1007:1012 arg1 glycan 1023:1028 the second N-linked glycan 1003:1028 the second N-linked glycan 1003:1028 These results suggest that the three conserved disulfide bonds and the second N-linked glycan in NS1 are required for DENV-2 replication. 24903593 3 55 theme analysis 380:387 arg1 results 354:360 The results 350:360 The results of the subsequent analysis 350:387 The results of the subsequent analysis showed that an alanine substitution at the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 in NS1 delayed viral RNA synthesis, reduced virus plaque size, and weakened the cytopathic effect. 24903593 2 56 theme TSV01 343:347 arg1 mutants 319:325 systematic mutants 308:325 systematic mutants of viral strain TSV01 308:347 Here, we performed site-directed mutagenesis to generate systematic mutants of viral strain TSV01. 24903593 4 57 dep sites 583:587 arg1 Cys-291 605:611 Cys-291 605:611 Cys-291 605:611 Three mutants at Cys sites (Cys-4, Cys-55, Cys-291) and a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant significantly impaired RNA synthesis, and consequently abolished viral growth, whereas alanine mutations at Asn-130 and Glu-173 resulted in phenotypes that were similar to the wild-type (WT) virus. 24903593 4 57 dep sites 583:587 arg1 Cys-55 597:602 Cys-55 597:602 Cys-55 597:602 Three mutants at Cys sites (Cys-4, Cys-55, Cys-291) and a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant significantly impaired RNA synthesis, and consequently abolished viral growth, whereas alanine mutations at Asn-130 and Glu-173 resulted in phenotypes that were similar to the wild-type (WT) virus. 24903593 4 57 dep sites 583:587 arg1 Cys-4 590:594 Cys-4 590:594 Cys-4 590:594 Three mutants at Cys sites (Cys-4, Cys-55, Cys-291) and a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant significantly impaired RNA synthesis, and consequently abolished viral growth, whereas alanine mutations at Asn-130 and Glu-173 resulted in phenotypes that were similar to the wild-type (WT) virus. 24903593 2 58 theme systematic 308:317 arg1 mutants 319:325 systematic mutants 308:325 systematic mutants of viral strain TSV01 308:347 Here, we performed site-directed mutagenesis to generate systematic mutants of viral strain TSV01. 24903593 2 59 theme viral 330:334 arg1 TSV01 343:347 viral strain TSV01 330:347 viral strain TSV01 330:347 Here, we performed site-directed mutagenesis to generate systematic mutants of viral strain TSV01. 24903593 0 60 theme viral 45:49 arg1 replication 51:61 viral replication 45:61 viral replication 45:61 Critical role of Dengue Virus NS1 protein in viral replication. 28223691 5 0 theme N-linked 1059:1066 arg1 glycosylation 1068:1080 N-linked glycosylation 1059:1080 N-linked glycosylation 1059:1080 Maintenance of SKBR-3 cells in tunicamycin (an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation) resulted in an increase in sensitivity to DXR (0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001) and a decrease in sensitivity to IGF-1 alone and to IGF-1 supplemented with EGF (P < 0.001). 28223691 2 1 theme glycosylation 359:371 arg1 effect 340:345 the effect 336:345 the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1) 336:554 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 3 2 theme glycosylated 876:887 arg1 Bmax 895:898 glycosylated cells Bmax 876:898 deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz 840:907 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 3 3 theme membrane 821:828 arg1 proteins 830:837 cell membrane proteins 816:837 cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz) 816:908 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 0 4 theme cells 82:86 arg1 sensitivity 53:63 sensitivity 53:63 sensitivity 53:63 Cellular glycosylation affects Herceptin binding and sensitivity of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin and growth factors. 28223691 0 4 theme cells 82:86 arg1 binding 41:47 Herceptin binding 31:47 Herceptin binding 31:47 Cellular glycosylation affects Herceptin binding and sensitivity of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin and growth factors. 28223691 3 5 theme proteins 830:837 arg1 deglycosylation 797:811 deglycosylation 797:811 deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz) 797:908 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 3 6 gly glycosylated 876:887 arg1 Bmax 895:898 glycosylated cells Bmax 876:898 deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz 840:907 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 1 7 theme key 166:168 arg1 feature 170:176 a key feature 164:176 a key feature of oncogenesis 164:191 Alterations in protein glycosylation are a key feature of oncogenesis and have been shown to affect cancer cell behaviour perturbing cell adhesion, favouring cell migration and metastasis. 28223691 1 7 theme key 166:168 arg1 Alterations 123:133 Alterations 123:133 Alterations in protein glycosylation 123:158 Alterations in protein glycosylation are a key feature of oncogenesis and have been shown to affect cancer cell behaviour perturbing cell adhesion, favouring cell migration and metastasis. 28223691 1 8 theme cell 256:259 arg1 adhesion 261:268 cell adhesion 256:268 cell adhesion 256:268 Alterations in protein glycosylation are a key feature of oncogenesis and have been shown to affect cancer cell behaviour perturbing cell adhesion, favouring cell migration and metastasis. 28223691 4 9 theme cells 930:934 arg1 sensitivity 915:925 The sensitivity 911:925 The sensitivity of cells to DXR and to growth factors 911:963 The sensitivity of cells to DXR and to growth factors was evaluated using an MTT assay. 28223691 1 10 dep cell 281:284 arg1 migration 286:294 migration 286:294 migration 286:294 Alterations in protein glycosylation are a key feature of oncogenesis and have been shown to affect cancer cell behaviour perturbing cell adhesion, favouring cell migration and metastasis. 28223691 6 11 theme future 1459:1464 arg1 treatments 1478:1487 future combination treatments 1459:1487 future combination treatments for breast cancer 1459:1505 This report illustrates the importance of N-linked glycosylation in modulating the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic and biological treatments and highlights the potential of glycosylation inhibitors as future combination treatments for breast cancer. 28223691 4 12 theme growth 950:955 arg1 factors 957:963 growth factors 950:963 growth factors 950:963 The sensitivity of cells to DXR and to growth factors was evaluated using an MTT assay. 28223691 5 13 dep tunicamycin 1030:1040 arg1 inhibitor 1046:1054 an inhibitor 1043:1054 an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation 1043:1080 Maintenance of SKBR-3 cells in tunicamycin (an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation) resulted in an increase in sensitivity to DXR (0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001) and a decrease in sensitivity to IGF-1 alone and to IGF-1 supplemented with EGF (P < 0.001). 28223691 3 14 theme microbalance 700:711 arg1 biosensor 713:721 a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor 683:721 a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor 683:721 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 6 15 theme combination 1466:1476 arg1 treatments 1478:1487 future combination treatments 1459:1487 future combination treatments for breast cancer 1459:1505 This report illustrates the importance of N-linked glycosylation in modulating the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic and biological treatments and highlights the potential of glycosylation inhibitors as future combination treatments for breast cancer. 28223691 3 16 theme cell 816:819 arg1 proteins 830:837 cell membrane proteins 816:837 cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz) 816:908 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 6 17 theme N-linked 1287:1294 arg1 glycosylation 1296:1308 N-linked glycosylation 1287:1308 N-linked glycosylation 1287:1308 This report illustrates the importance of N-linked glycosylation in modulating the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic and biological treatments and highlights the potential of glycosylation inhibitors as future combination treatments for breast cancer. 28223691 2 18 link N-linked 350:357 arg1 glycosylation 359:371 N-linked glycosylation 350:371 N-linked glycosylation 350:371 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 2 19 dep factors 532:538 arg1 factors 532:538 growth factors 525:538 growth factors (EGF and IGF-1) 525:554 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 2 19 dep factors 532:538 arg1 IGF-1 549:553 IGF-1 549:553 IGF-1 549:553 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 2 19 dep factors 532:538 arg1 EGF 541:543 EGF 541:543 EGF 541:543 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 2 20 from effect 340:345 arg1 binding 380:386 the binding 376:386 the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer 376:432 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 2 20 from effect 340:345 arg1 sensitivity 445:455 the sensitivity 441:455 the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1) 441:554 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 0 21 theme growth 107:112 arg1 factors 114:120 growth factors 107:120 growth factors 107:120 Cellular glycosylation affects Herceptin binding and sensitivity of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin and growth factors. 28223691 3 22 theme quartz 685:690 arg1 biosensor 713:721 a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor 683:721 a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor 683:721 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 6 23 theme chemotherapeutic 1356:1371 arg1 treatments 1388:1397 chemotherapeutic and biological treatments 1356:1397 chemotherapeutic and biological treatments 1356:1397 This report illustrates the importance of N-linked glycosylation in modulating the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic and biological treatments and highlights the potential of glycosylation inhibitors as future combination treatments for breast cancer. 28223691 6 24 link N-linked 1287:1294 arg1 glycosylation 1296:1308 N-linked glycosylation 1287:1308 N-linked glycosylation 1287:1308 This report illustrates the importance of N-linked glycosylation in modulating the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic and biological treatments and highlights the potential of glycosylation inhibitors as future combination treatments for breast cancer. 28223691 4 25 theme MTT 988:990 arg1 assay 992:996 an MTT assay 985:996 an MTT assay 985:996 The sensitivity of cells to DXR and to growth factors was evaluated using an MTT assay. 28223691 3 26 theme cells 889:893 arg1 Bmax 895:898 glycosylated cells Bmax 876:898 deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz 840:907 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 2 27 theme Herceptin 391:399 arg1 binding 380:386 the binding 376:386 the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer 376:432 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 3 28 theme crystal 692:698 arg1 biosensor 713:721 a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor 683:721 a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor 683:721 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 3 29 from increase 736:743 arg1 accessibility 752:764 the accessibility 748:764 the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz) 748:908 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 0 30 theme cancer 75:80 arg1 cells 82:86 breast cancer cells 68:86 breast cancer cells 68:86 Cellular glycosylation affects Herceptin binding and sensitivity of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin and growth factors. 28223691 5 31 link N-linked 1059:1066 arg1 glycosylation 1068:1080 N-linked glycosylation 1059:1080 N-linked glycosylation 1059:1080 Maintenance of SKBR-3 cells in tunicamycin (an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation) resulted in an increase in sensitivity to DXR (0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001) and a decrease in sensitivity to IGF-1 alone and to IGF-1 supplemented with EGF (P < 0.001). 28223691 1 32 theme oncogenesis 181:191 arg1 feature 170:176 a key feature 164:176 a key feature of oncogenesis 164:191 Alterations in protein glycosylation are a key feature of oncogenesis and have been shown to affect cancer cell behaviour perturbing cell adhesion, favouring cell migration and metastasis. 28223691 1 32 theme oncogenesis 181:191 arg1 Alterations 123:133 Alterations 123:133 Alterations in protein glycosylation 123:158 Alterations in protein glycosylation are a key feature of oncogenesis and have been shown to affect cancer cell behaviour perturbing cell adhesion, favouring cell migration and metastasis. 28223691 0 33 theme Cellular 0:7 arg1 glycosylation 9:21 Cellular glycosylation 0:21 Cellular glycosylation 0:21 Cellular glycosylation affects Herceptin binding and sensitivity of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin and growth factors. 28223691 3 34 gly deglycosylated 840:853 arg1 Bmax 861:864 deglycosylated cells Bmax 840:864 deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz 840:907 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 6 35 theme breast 1493:1498 arg1 cancer 1500:1505 breast cancer 1493:1505 breast cancer 1493:1505 This report illustrates the importance of N-linked glycosylation in modulating the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic and biological treatments and highlights the potential of glycosylation inhibitors as future combination treatments for breast cancer. 28223691 0 36 theme Herceptin 31:39 arg1 binding 41:47 Herceptin binding 31:47 Herceptin binding 31:47 Cellular glycosylation affects Herceptin binding and sensitivity of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin and growth factors. 28223691 5 37 theme 0.1 μM 1130:1135 arg1 DXR 1125:1127 DXR 1125:1127 DXR (0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001) 1125:1150 Maintenance of SKBR-3 cells in tunicamycin (an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation) resulted in an increase in sensitivity to DXR (0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001) and a decrease in sensitivity to IGF-1 alone and to IGF-1 supplemented with EGF (P < 0.001). 28223691 5 37 theme 0.1 μM 1130:1135 arg1 P < 0.001 1141:1149 0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001 1130:1149 0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001 1130:1149 Maintenance of SKBR-3 cells in tunicamycin (an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation) resulted in an increase in sensitivity to DXR (0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001) and a decrease in sensitivity to IGF-1 alone and to IGF-1 supplemented with EGF (P < 0.001). 28223691 1 38 from Alterations 123:133 arg1 glycosylation 146:158 protein glycosylation 138:158 protein glycosylation 138:158 Alterations in protein glycosylation are a key feature of oncogenesis and have been shown to affect cancer cell behaviour perturbing cell adhesion, favouring cell migration and metastasis. 28223691 5 39 from Maintenance 999:1009 arg1 tunicamycin 1030:1040 tunicamycin 1030:1040 tunicamycin (an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation) 1030:1081 Maintenance of SKBR-3 cells in tunicamycin (an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation) resulted in an increase in sensitivity to DXR (0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001) and a decrease in sensitivity to IGF-1 alone and to IGF-1 supplemented with EGF (P < 0.001). 28223691 2 40 theme breast 420:425 arg1 cancer 427:432 breast cancer 420:432 breast cancer 420:432 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 5 41 theme DXR 1137:1139 arg1 DXR 1125:1127 DXR 1125:1127 DXR (0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001) 1125:1150 Maintenance of SKBR-3 cells in tunicamycin (an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation) resulted in an increase in sensitivity to DXR (0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001) and a decrease in sensitivity to IGF-1 alone and to IGF-1 supplemented with EGF (P < 0.001). 28223691 5 41 theme DXR 1137:1139 arg1 P < 0.001 1141:1149 0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001 1130:1149 0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001 1130:1149 Maintenance of SKBR-3 cells in tunicamycin (an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation) resulted in an increase in sensitivity to DXR (0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001) and a decrease in sensitivity to IGF-1 alone and to IGF-1 supplemented with EGF (P < 0.001). 28223691 5 42 from decrease 1158:1165 arg1 sensitivity 1170:1180 sensitivity 1170:1180 sensitivity to IGF-1 alone and to IGF-1 supplemented with EGF (P < 0.001) 1170:1242 Maintenance of SKBR-3 cells in tunicamycin (an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation) resulted in an increase in sensitivity to DXR (0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001) and a decrease in sensitivity to IGF-1 alone and to IGF-1 supplemented with EGF (P < 0.001). 28223691 5 42 from decrease 1158:1165 arg1 sensitivity 1110:1120 sensitivity 1110:1120 sensitivity to DXR (0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001) 1110:1150 Maintenance of SKBR-3 cells in tunicamycin (an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation) resulted in an increase in sensitivity to DXR (0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001) and a decrease in sensitivity to IGF-1 alone and to IGF-1 supplemented with EGF (P < 0.001). 28223691 3 43 theme cancer 624:629 arg1 surfaces 636:643 cancer cell surfaces 624:643 cancer cell surfaces 624:643 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 2 44 theme N-linked 350:357 arg1 glycosylation 359:371 N-linked glycosylation 350:371 N-linked glycosylation 350:371 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 5 45 from increase 1098:1105 arg1 sensitivity 1170:1180 sensitivity 1170:1180 sensitivity to IGF-1 alone and to IGF-1 supplemented with EGF (P < 0.001) 1170:1242 Maintenance of SKBR-3 cells in tunicamycin (an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation) resulted in an increase in sensitivity to DXR (0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001) and a decrease in sensitivity to IGF-1 alone and to IGF-1 supplemented with EGF (P < 0.001). 28223691 5 45 from increase 1098:1105 arg1 sensitivity 1110:1120 sensitivity 1110:1120 sensitivity to DXR (0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001) 1110:1150 Maintenance of SKBR-3 cells in tunicamycin (an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation) resulted in an increase in sensitivity to DXR (0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001) and a decrease in sensitivity to IGF-1 alone and to IGF-1 supplemented with EGF (P < 0.001). 28223691 2 46 theme cells 467:471 arg1 sensitivity 445:455 the sensitivity 441:455 the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1) 441:554 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 2 47 theme growth 525:530 arg1 factors 532:538 growth factors 525:538 growth factors (EGF and IGF-1) 525:554 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 2 47 theme growth 525:530 arg1 IGF-1 549:553 IGF-1 549:553 IGF-1 549:553 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 2 47 theme growth 525:530 arg1 EGF 541:543 EGF 541:543 EGF 541:543 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 3 48 theme cell 631:634 arg1 surfaces 636:643 cancer cell surfaces 624:643 cancer cell surfaces 624:643 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 6 49 theme glycosylation 1431:1443 arg1 inhibitors 1445:1454 glycosylation inhibitors 1431:1454 glycosylation inhibitors as future combination treatments for breast cancer 1431:1505 This report illustrates the importance of N-linked glycosylation in modulating the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic and biological treatments and highlights the potential of glycosylation inhibitors as future combination treatments for breast cancer. 28223691 2 50 theme cancer 460:465 arg1 cells 467:471 cancer cells 460:471 cancer cells 460:471 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 2 51 gly glycosylation 359:371 arg1 Herceptin 391:399 Herceptin 391:399 Herceptin 391:399 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 2 51 gly glycosylation 359:371 arg1 cells 467:471 cancer cells 460:471 cancer cells 460:471 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 0 52 gly glycosylation 9:21 arg1 cells 82:86 breast cancer cells 68:86 breast cancer cells 68:86 Cellular glycosylation affects Herceptin binding and sensitivity of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin and growth factors. 28223691 0 52 gly glycosylation 9:21 arg1 Herceptin 31:39 Herceptin binding 31:47 Herceptin binding 31:47 Cellular glycosylation affects Herceptin binding and sensitivity of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin and growth factors. 28223691 2 53 theme HER2 404:407 arg1 protein 409:415 HER2 protein 404:415 HER2 protein in breast cancer 404:432 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 3 54 dep Bmax 861:864 arg1 6.83 Hz 867:873 6.83 Hz 867:873 6.83 Hz 867:873 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 3 54 dep Bmax 861:864 arg1 7.35 Hz 901:907 7.35 Hz 901:907 deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz 840:907 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 3 54 dep Bmax 861:864 arg1 Bmax 895:898 glycosylated cells Bmax 876:898 deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz 840:907 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 3 55 theme HER2 769:772 arg1 accessibility 752:764 the accessibility 748:764 the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz) 748:908 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 2 56 theme chemotherapeutic 480:495 arg1 DXR 516:518 DXR 516:518 DXR 516:518 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 2 56 theme chemotherapeutic 480:495 arg1 doxorubicin 503:513 the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin 476:513 the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) 476:519 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 5 57 theme glycosylation 1068:1080 arg1 inhibitor 1046:1054 an inhibitor 1043:1054 an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation 1043:1080 Maintenance of SKBR-3 cells in tunicamycin (an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation) resulted in an increase in sensitivity to DXR (0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001) and a decrease in sensitivity to IGF-1 alone and to IGF-1 supplemented with EGF (P < 0.001). 28223691 6 58 theme cancer 1340:1345 arg1 cells 1347:1351 cancer cells 1340:1351 cancer cells 1340:1351 This report illustrates the importance of N-linked glycosylation in modulating the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic and biological treatments and highlights the potential of glycosylation inhibitors as future combination treatments for breast cancer. 28223691 6 59 theme cells 1347:1351 arg1 response 1328:1335 the response 1324:1335 the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic and biological treatments 1324:1397 This report illustrates the importance of N-linked glycosylation in modulating the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic and biological treatments and highlights the potential of glycosylation inhibitors as future combination treatments for breast cancer. 28223691 3 60 gly deglycosylation 797:811 arg1 proteins 830:837 cell membrane proteins 816:837 cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz) 816:908 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 3 61 theme cells 855:859 arg1 Bmax 861:864 deglycosylated cells Bmax 840:864 deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz 840:907 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 5 62 theme SKBR-3 1014:1019 arg1 cells 1021:1025 SKBR-3 cells 1014:1025 SKBR-3 cells 1014:1025 Maintenance of SKBR-3 cells in tunicamycin (an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation) resulted in an increase in sensitivity to DXR (0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001) and a decrease in sensitivity to IGF-1 alone and to IGF-1 supplemented with EGF (P < 0.001). 28223691 3 63 theme recombinant 595:605 arg1 protein 612:618 recombinant HER2 protein 595:618 recombinant HER2 protein 595:618 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 3 63 theme recombinant 595:605 arg1 on-rate/off-rate 646:661 on-rate/off-rate 646:661 on-rate/off-rate 646:661 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 6 64 theme biological 1377:1386 arg1 treatments 1388:1397 chemotherapeutic and biological treatments 1356:1397 chemotherapeutic and biological treatments 1356:1397 This report illustrates the importance of N-linked glycosylation in modulating the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic and biological treatments and highlights the potential of glycosylation inhibitors as future combination treatments for breast cancer. 28223691 5 65 theme cells 1021:1025 arg1 Maintenance 999:1009 Maintenance 999:1009 Maintenance of SKBR-3 cells in tunicamycin (an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation) 999:1081 Maintenance of SKBR-3 cells in tunicamycin (an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation) resulted in an increase in sensitivity to DXR (0.1 μM DXR P < 0.001) and a decrease in sensitivity to IGF-1 alone and to IGF-1 supplemented with EGF (P < 0.001). 28223691 3 66 theme HER2 607:610 arg1 protein 612:618 recombinant HER2 protein 595:618 recombinant HER2 protein 595:618 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 3 66 theme HER2 607:610 arg1 on-rate/off-rate 646:661 on-rate/off-rate 646:661 on-rate/off-rate 646:661 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 2 67 from protein 409:415 arg1 cancer 427:432 breast cancer 420:432 breast cancer 420:432 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 1 68 theme protein 138:144 arg1 glycosylation 146:158 protein glycosylation 138:158 protein glycosylation 138:158 Alterations in protein glycosylation are a key feature of oncogenesis and have been shown to affect cancer cell behaviour perturbing cell adhesion, favouring cell migration and metastasis. 28223691 6 69 theme inhibitors 1445:1454 arg1 potential 1418:1426 the potential 1414:1426 the potential of glycosylation inhibitors as future combination treatments for breast cancer 1414:1505 This report illustrates the importance of N-linked glycosylation in modulating the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic and biological treatments and highlights the potential of glycosylation inhibitors as future combination treatments for breast cancer. 28223691 1 70 theme cancer 223:228 arg1 behaviour 235:243 cancer cell behaviour 223:243 cancer cell behaviour 223:243 Alterations in protein glycosylation are a key feature of oncogenesis and have been shown to affect cancer cell behaviour perturbing cell adhesion, favouring cell migration and metastasis. 28223691 2 71 theme agent 497:501 arg1 DXR 516:518 DXR 516:518 DXR 516:518 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 2 71 theme agent 497:501 arg1 doxorubicin 503:513 the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin 476:513 the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) 476:519 This study investigated the effect of N-linked glycosylation on the binding of Herceptin to HER2 protein in breast cancer and on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) and growth factors (EGF and IGF-1). 28223691 3 72 dep proteins 830:837 arg1 Bmax 861:864 deglycosylated cells Bmax 840:864 deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz 840:907 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 3 73 theme deglycosylated 840:853 arg1 Bmax 861:864 deglycosylated cells Bmax 840:864 deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz 840:907 The interaction between Herceptin and recombinant HER2 protein and cancer cell surfaces (on-rate/off-rate) was assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor revealing an increase in the accessibility of HER2 to Herceptin following deglycosylation of cell membrane proteins (deglycosylated cells Bmax: 6.83 Hz; glycosylated cells Bmax: 7.35 Hz). 28223691 1 74 theme cell 230:233 arg1 behaviour 235:243 cancer cell behaviour 223:243 cancer cell behaviour 223:243 Alterations in protein glycosylation are a key feature of oncogenesis and have been shown to affect cancer cell behaviour perturbing cell adhesion, favouring cell migration and metastasis. 28223691 0 75 theme breast 68:73 arg1 cells 82:86 breast cancer cells 68:86 breast cancer cells 68:86 Cellular glycosylation affects Herceptin binding and sensitivity of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin and growth factors. 28223691 6 76 theme glycosylation 1296:1308 arg1 importance 1273:1282 the importance 1269:1282 the importance of N-linked glycosylation in modulating the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic and biological treatments 1269:1397 This report illustrates the importance of N-linked glycosylation in modulating the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic and biological treatments and highlights the potential of glycosylation inhibitors as future combination treatments for breast cancer. 27998976 2 0 theme reduced 445:451 arg1 levels 465:470 reduced sialylation levels 445:470 reduced sialylation levels using the same method 445:492 To begin, we produced control PrPSc from PrPC using protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb), and also generated PrPSc with reduced sialylation levels using the same method but with partially desialylated PrPC as a substrate (dsPMCAb). 27998976 9 1 dep PrPSc 1661:1665 arg1 suggests 1690:1697 suggests 1690:1697 suggests that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays an important role in prion lymphotropism 1690:1781 This study demonstrates that the outcome of prion transmission to a wild type host is determined by the sialylation status of the inoculated PrPSc Furthermore, this work suggests that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays an important role in prion lymphotropism. 27998976 5 2 link dsPMCAb-derived 907:921 arg1 material 923:930 dsPMCAb-derived material 907:930 dsPMCAb-derived material 907:930 Animals inoculated with dsPMCAb-derived material were not subclinical carriers of scrapie, as no PrPSc was detected in brains or spleen of these animals by either Western blotting or after amplification by serial PMCAb. 27998976 2 3 theme control 325:331 arg1 PrPSc 333:337 control PrPSc 325:337 control PrPSc from PrPC using protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb), and also generated PrPSc 325:438 To begin, we produced control PrPSc from PrPC using protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb), and also generated PrPSc with reduced sialylation levels using the same method but with partially desialylated PrPC as a substrate (dsPMCAb). 27998976 2 3 theme control 325:331 arg1 substrate 536:544 a substrate 534:544 a substrate (dsPMCAb) 534:554 To begin, we produced control PrPSc from PrPC using protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb), and also generated PrPSc with reduced sialylation levels using the same method but with partially desialylated PrPC as a substrate (dsPMCAb). 27998976 4 4 theme PMCAb-derived 736:748 arg1 PrPSc 750:754 PMCAb-derived PrPSc 736:754 PMCAb-derived PrPSc 736:754 Animals inoculated with brain- or PMCAb-derived PrPSc developed prion disease, whereas administration of dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc with reduced sialylation did not cause prion disease. 27998976 6 5 theme brain- 1145:1150 arg1 trafficking 1130:1140 trafficking 1130:1140 trafficking of brain-, PMCAb-, and dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs 1130:1214 In subsequent experiments, trafficking of brain-, PMCAb-, and dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs was monitored in wild type mice. 27998976 5 6 theme dsPMCAb-derived 907:921 arg1 material 923:930 dsPMCAb-derived material 907:930 dsPMCAb-derived material 907:930 Animals inoculated with dsPMCAb-derived material were not subclinical carriers of scrapie, as no PrPSc was detected in brains or spleen of these animals by either Western blotting or after amplification by serial PMCAb. 27998976 1 7 theme sialoglycoprotein 149:165 arg1 states 137:142 misfolded, self-replicating states 109:142 misfolded, self-replicating states of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism 109:300 Prions or PrPSc are proteinaceous infectious agents that consist of misfolded, self-replicating states of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism. 27998976 3 8 link brain-derived 612:624 arg1 PrPSc 626:630 PrPSc 626:630 PrPSc 626:630 Syrian hamsters were inoculated intraperitoneally with brain-derived PrPSc or PrPSc produced in PMCAb or dsPMCAb and then monitored for disease. 27998976 5 9 theme Western 1046:1052 arg1 blotting 1054:1061 either Western blotting 1039:1061 either Western blotting 1039:1061 Animals inoculated with dsPMCAb-derived material were not subclinical carriers of scrapie, as no PrPSc was detected in brains or spleen of these animals by either Western blotting or after amplification by serial PMCAb. 27998976 7 10 theme lymphoid 1340:1347 arg1 organs 1349:1354 secondary lymphoid organs 1330:1354 secondary lymphoid organs 1330:1354 PrPSc sialylation was found to be critical for effective trafficking of PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs. 27998976 4 11 theme prion 868:872 arg1 disease 874:880 prion disease 868:880 prion disease 868:880 Animals inoculated with brain- or PMCAb-derived PrPSc developed prion disease, whereas administration of dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc with reduced sialylation did not cause prion disease. 27998976 5 12 theme scrapie 965:971 arg1 carriers 953:960 subclinical carriers 941:960 subclinical carriers of scrapie 941:971 Animals inoculated with dsPMCAb-derived material were not subclinical carriers of scrapie, as no PrPSc was detected in brains or spleen of these animals by either Western blotting or after amplification by serial PMCAb. 27998976 2 13 theme same 482:485 arg1 method 487:492 the same method 478:492 the same method 478:492 To begin, we produced control PrPSc from PrPC using protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb), and also generated PrPSc with reduced sialylation levels using the same method but with partially desialylated PrPC as a substrate (dsPMCAb). 27998976 2 14 with amplification 381:393 arg1 PMCAb 407:411 PMCAb 407:411 PMCAb 407:411 To begin, we produced control PrPSc from PrPC using protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb), and also generated PrPSc with reduced sialylation levels using the same method but with partially desialylated PrPC as a substrate (dsPMCAb). 27998976 2 14 with amplification 381:393 arg1 beads 400:404 beads 400:404 beads (PMCAb) 400:412 To begin, we produced control PrPSc from PrPC using protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb), and also generated PrPSc with reduced sialylation levels using the same method but with partially desialylated PrPC as a substrate (dsPMCAb). 27998976 9 15 gly sialylation 1708:1718 arg1 PrPSc 1730:1734 PrPSc 1730:1734 PrPSc 1730:1734 This study demonstrates that the outcome of prion transmission to a wild type host is determined by the sialylation status of the inoculated PrPSc Furthermore, this work suggests that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays an important role in prion lymphotropism. 27998976 9 16 theme wild 1588:1591 arg1 host 1598:1601 a wild type host 1586:1601 a wild type host 1586:1601 This study demonstrates that the outcome of prion transmission to a wild type host is determined by the sialylation status of the inoculated PrPSc Furthermore, this work suggests that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays an important role in prion lymphotropism. 27998976 9 17 theme PrPSc 1730:1734 arg1 status 1720:1725 the sialylation status 1704:1725 the sialylation status of PrPSc 1704:1734 This study demonstrates that the outcome of prion transmission to a wild type host is determined by the sialylation status of the inoculated PrPSc Furthermore, this work suggests that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays an important role in prion lymphotropism. 27998976 5 18 located detected 990:997 arg2 PrPSc 980:984 no PrPSc 977:984 no PrPSc 977:984 Animals inoculated with dsPMCAb-derived material were not subclinical carriers of scrapie, as no PrPSc was detected in brains or spleen of these animals by either Western blotting or after amplification by serial PMCAb. 27998976 5 18 located detected 990:997 arg1 spleen 1012:1017 spleen 1012:1017 spleen 1012:1017 Animals inoculated with dsPMCAb-derived material were not subclinical carriers of scrapie, as no PrPSc was detected in brains or spleen of these animals by either Western blotting or after amplification by serial PMCAb. 27998976 5 18 located detected 990:997 arg1 brains 1002:1007 brains 1002:1007 brains 1002:1007 Animals inoculated with dsPMCAb-derived material were not subclinical carriers of scrapie, as no PrPSc was detected in brains or spleen of these animals by either Western blotting or after amplification by serial PMCAb. 27998976 9 19 theme important 1745:1753 arg1 role 1755:1758 an important role 1742:1758 an important role 1742:1758 This study demonstrates that the outcome of prion transmission to a wild type host is determined by the sialylation status of the inoculated PrPSc Furthermore, this work suggests that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays an important role in prion lymphotropism. 27998976 4 20 link dsPMCAb-derived 807:821 arg1 PrPSc 823:827 dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc 807:827 dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc 807:827 Animals inoculated with brain- or PMCAb-derived PrPSc developed prion disease, whereas administration of dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc with reduced sialylation did not cause prion disease. 27998976 6 21 theme PMCAb- 1153:1158 arg1 trafficking 1130:1140 trafficking 1130:1140 trafficking of brain-, PMCAb-, and dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs 1130:1214 In subsequent experiments, trafficking of brain-, PMCAb-, and dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs was monitored in wild type mice. 27998976 7 22 theme PrPSc 1321:1325 arg1 trafficking 1306:1316 effective trafficking 1296:1316 effective trafficking of PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs 1296:1354 PrPSc sialylation was found to be critical for effective trafficking of PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs. 27998976 2 23 theme misfolding 363:372 arg1 amplification 381:393 protein misfolding cyclic amplification 355:393 protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb) 355:412 To begin, we produced control PrPSc from PrPC using protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb), and also generated PrPSc with reduced sialylation levels using the same method but with partially desialylated PrPC as a substrate (dsPMCAb). 27998976 2 24 from PrPSc 434:438 arg1 PrPSc 333:337 control PrPSc 325:337 control PrPSc from PrPC using protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb), and also generated PrPSc 325:438 To begin, we produced control PrPSc from PrPC using protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb), and also generated PrPSc with reduced sialylation levels using the same method but with partially desialylated PrPC as a substrate (dsPMCAb). 27998976 2 24 from PrPSc 434:438 arg1 substrate 536:544 a substrate 534:544 a substrate (dsPMCAb) 534:554 To begin, we produced control PrPSc from PrPC using protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb), and also generated PrPSc with reduced sialylation levels using the same method but with partially desialylated PrPC as a substrate (dsPMCAb). 27998976 4 25 theme PrPSc 823:827 arg1 administration 789:802 administration 789:802 administration of dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc with reduced sialylation 789:852 Animals inoculated with brain- or PMCAb-derived PrPSc developed prion disease, whereas administration of dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc with reduced sialylation did not cause prion disease. 27998976 9 26 theme type 1593:1596 arg1 host 1598:1601 a wild type host 1586:1601 a wild type host 1586:1601 This study demonstrates that the outcome of prion transmission to a wild type host is determined by the sialylation status of the inoculated PrPSc Furthermore, this work suggests that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays an important role in prion lymphotropism. 27998976 1 27 theme proteinaceous 61:73 arg1 agents 86:91 proteinaceous infectious agents 61:91 proteinaceous infectious agents that consist of misfolded, self-replicating states of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism 61:300 Prions or PrPSc are proteinaceous infectious agents that consist of misfolded, self-replicating states of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism. 27998976 1 27 theme proteinaceous 61:73 arg1 PrPSc 51:55 PrPSc 51:55 PrPSc 51:55 Prions or PrPSc are proteinaceous infectious agents that consist of misfolded, self-replicating states of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism. 27998976 1 27 theme proteinaceous 61:73 arg1 Prions 41:46 Prions 41:46 Prions 41:46 Prions or PrPSc are proteinaceous infectious agents that consist of misfolded, self-replicating states of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism. 27998976 2 28 theme protein 355:361 arg1 misfolding 363:372 protein misfolding 355:372 protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb) 355:412 To begin, we produced control PrPSc from PrPC using protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb), and also generated PrPSc with reduced sialylation levels using the same method but with partially desialylated PrPC as a substrate (dsPMCAb). 27998976 4 29 link PMCAb-derived 736:748 arg1 PrPSc 750:754 PMCAb-derived PrPSc 736:754 PMCAb-derived PrPSc 736:754 Animals inoculated with brain- or PMCAb-derived PrPSc developed prion disease, whereas administration of dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc with reduced sialylation did not cause prion disease. 27998976 6 30 theme wild 1233:1236 arg1 mice 1243:1246 wild type mice 1233:1246 wild type mice 1233:1246 In subsequent experiments, trafficking of brain-, PMCAb-, and dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs was monitored in wild type mice. 27998976 1 31 theme infectious 75:84 arg1 agents 86:91 proteinaceous infectious agents 61:91 proteinaceous infectious agents that consist of misfolded, self-replicating states of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism 61:300 Prions or PrPSc are proteinaceous infectious agents that consist of misfolded, self-replicating states of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism. 27998976 1 31 theme infectious 75:84 arg1 PrPSc 51:55 PrPSc 51:55 PrPSc 51:55 Prions or PrPSc are proteinaceous infectious agents that consist of misfolded, self-replicating states of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism. 27998976 1 31 theme infectious 75:84 arg1 Prions 41:46 Prions 41:46 Prions 41:46 Prions or PrPSc are proteinaceous infectious agents that consist of misfolded, self-replicating states of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism. 27998976 1 32 theme prion 178:182 arg1 protein 184:190 the prion protein or PrPC 174:198 protein 184:190 Prions or PrPSc are proteinaceous infectious agents that consist of misfolded, self-replicating states of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism. 27998976 9 33 theme prion 1763:1767 arg1 lymphotropism 1769:1781 prion lymphotropism 1763:1781 prion lymphotropism 1763:1781 This study demonstrates that the outcome of prion transmission to a wild type host is determined by the sialylation status of the inoculated PrPSc Furthermore, this work suggests that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays an important role in prion lymphotropism. 27998976 1 34 from fate 272:275 arg1 organism 293:300 an organism 290:300 an organism 290:300 Prions or PrPSc are proteinaceous infectious agents that consist of misfolded, self-replicating states of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism. 27998976 5 35 theme subclinical 941:951 arg1 carriers 953:960 subclinical carriers 941:960 subclinical carriers of scrapie 941:971 Animals inoculated with dsPMCAb-derived material were not subclinical carriers of scrapie, as no PrPSc was detected in brains or spleen of these animals by either Western blotting or after amplification by serial PMCAb. 27998976 8 36 located found 1490:1494 arg2 PrPSc 1480:1484 dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc 1464:1484 dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc 1464:1484 By 6 hours after inoculation, brain- and PMCAb-derived PrPSc were found in spleen and lymph nodes, whereas dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc was found predominantly in liver. 27998976 8 36 located found 1490:1494 arg1 liver 1513:1517 liver 1513:1517 liver 1513:1517 By 6 hours after inoculation, brain- and PMCAb-derived PrPSc were found in spleen and lymph nodes, whereas dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc was found predominantly in liver. 27998976 7 37 theme effective 1296:1304 arg1 trafficking 1306:1316 effective trafficking 1296:1316 effective trafficking of PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs 1296:1354 PrPSc sialylation was found to be critical for effective trafficking of PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs. 27998976 6 38 theme PrPSc 1181:1185 arg1 trafficking 1130:1140 trafficking 1130:1140 trafficking of brain-, PMCAb-, and dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs 1130:1214 In subsequent experiments, trafficking of brain-, PMCAb-, and dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs was monitored in wild type mice. 27998976 2 39 theme desialylated 513:524 arg1 PrPC 526:529 partially desialylated PrPC 503:529 partially desialylated PrPC 503:529 To begin, we produced control PrPSc from PrPC using protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb), and also generated PrPSc with reduced sialylation levels using the same method but with partially desialylated PrPC as a substrate (dsPMCAb). 27998976 6 40 theme lymphoid 1200:1207 arg1 organs 1209:1214 secondary lymphoid organs 1190:1214 secondary lymphoid organs 1190:1214 In subsequent experiments, trafficking of brain-, PMCAb-, and dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs was monitored in wild type mice. 27998976 0 41 theme Prion 21:25 arg1 Fate 27:30 Prion Fate 21:30 Prion Fate 21:30 Sialylation Controls Prion Fate in Vivo. 27998976 3 42 theme brain-derived 612:624 arg1 PrPSc 626:630 PrPSc 626:630 PrPSc 626:630 Syrian hamsters were inoculated intraperitoneally with brain-derived PrPSc or PrPSc produced in PMCAb or dsPMCAb and then monitored for disease. 27998976 5 43 theme serial 1089:1094 arg1 PMCAb 1096:1100 serial PMCAb 1089:1100 serial PMCAb 1089:1100 Animals inoculated with dsPMCAb-derived material were not subclinical carriers of scrapie, as no PrPSc was detected in brains or spleen of these animals by either Western blotting or after amplification by serial PMCAb. 27998976 1 44 theme prions 280:285 arg1 fate 272:275 the fate 268:275 the fate of prions in an organism 268:300 Prions or PrPSc are proteinaceous infectious agents that consist of misfolded, self-replicating states of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism. 27998976 9 45 theme inoculated 1650:1659 arg1 PrPSc 1661:1665 the inoculated PrPSc Furthermore, this work suggests that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays an important role in prion lymphotropism 1646:1781 the inoculated PrPSc Furthermore, this work suggests that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays an important role in prion lymphotropism 1646:1781 This study demonstrates that the outcome of prion transmission to a wild type host is determined by the sialylation status of the inoculated PrPSc Furthermore, this work suggests that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays an important role in prion lymphotropism. 27998976 6 46 theme subsequent 1106:1115 arg1 experiments 1117:1127 subsequent experiments 1106:1127 subsequent experiments 1106:1127 In subsequent experiments, trafficking of brain-, PMCAb-, and dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs was monitored in wild type mice. 27998976 9 47 theme prion 1564:1568 arg1 transmission 1570:1581 prion transmission 1564:1581 prion transmission to a wild type host 1564:1601 This study demonstrates that the outcome of prion transmission to a wild type host is determined by the sialylation status of the inoculated PrPSc Furthermore, this work suggests that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays an important role in prion lymphotropism. 27998976 2 48 theme generated 424:432 arg1 PrPSc 434:438 also generated PrPSc 419:438 also generated PrPSc 419:438 To begin, we produced control PrPSc from PrPC using protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb), and also generated PrPSc with reduced sialylation levels using the same method but with partially desialylated PrPC as a substrate (dsPMCAb). 27998976 8 49 link PMCAb-derived 1398:1410 arg1 PrPSc 1412:1416 PMCAb-derived PrPSc 1398:1416 PMCAb-derived PrPSc 1398:1416 By 6 hours after inoculation, brain- and PMCAb-derived PrPSc were found in spleen and lymph nodes, whereas dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc was found predominantly in liver. 27998976 1 50 dep protein 184:190 arg1 tests 217:221 tests 217:221 tests 217:221 Prions or PrPSc are proteinaceous infectious agents that consist of misfolded, self-replicating states of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism. 27998976 2 51 theme cyclic 374:379 arg1 amplification 381:393 protein misfolding cyclic amplification 355:393 protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb) 355:412 To begin, we produced control PrPSc from PrPC using protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb), and also generated PrPSc with reduced sialylation levels using the same method but with partially desialylated PrPC as a substrate (dsPMCAb). 27998976 8 52 theme lymph 1443:1447 arg1 nodes 1449:1453 lymph nodes 1443:1453 lymph nodes 1443:1453 By 6 hours after inoculation, brain- and PMCAb-derived PrPSc were found in spleen and lymph nodes, whereas dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc was found predominantly in liver. 27998976 6 53 link dsPMCAb-derived 1165:1179 arg1 PrPSc 1181:1185 dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc 1165:1185 dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc 1165:1185 In subsequent experiments, trafficking of brain-, PMCAb-, and dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs was monitored in wild type mice. 27998976 4 54 theme dsPMCAb-derived 807:821 arg1 PrPSc 823:827 dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc 807:827 dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc 807:827 Animals inoculated with brain- or PMCAb-derived PrPSc developed prion disease, whereas administration of dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc with reduced sialylation did not cause prion disease. 27998976 2 55 from PrPC 344:347 arg1 PrPSc 333:337 control PrPSc 325:337 control PrPSc from PrPC using protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb), and also generated PrPSc 325:438 To begin, we produced control PrPSc from PrPC using protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb), and also generated PrPSc with reduced sialylation levels using the same method but with partially desialylated PrPC as a substrate (dsPMCAb). 27998976 2 55 from PrPC 344:347 arg1 substrate 536:544 a substrate 534:544 a substrate (dsPMCAb) 534:554 To begin, we produced control PrPSc from PrPC using protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb), and also generated PrPSc with reduced sialylation levels using the same method but with partially desialylated PrPC as a substrate (dsPMCAb). 27998976 7 56 gly sialylation 1255:1265 arg1 PrPSc 1321:1325 PrPSc 1321:1325 PrPSc 1321:1325 PrPSc sialylation was found to be critical for effective trafficking of PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs. 27998976 6 57 theme secondary 1190:1198 arg1 organs 1209:1214 secondary lymphoid organs 1190:1214 secondary lymphoid organs 1190:1214 In subsequent experiments, trafficking of brain-, PMCAb-, and dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs was monitored in wild type mice. 27998976 6 58 theme type 1238:1241 arg1 mice 1243:1246 wild type mice 1233:1246 wild type mice 1233:1246 In subsequent experiments, trafficking of brain-, PMCAb-, and dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs was monitored in wild type mice. 27998976 9 59 theme sialylation 1624:1634 arg1 status 1636:1641 the sialylation status 1620:1641 the sialylation status of the inoculated PrPSc Furthermore, this work suggests that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays an important role in prion lymphotropism 1620:1781 This study demonstrates that the outcome of prion transmission to a wild type host is determined by the sialylation status of the inoculated PrPSc Furthermore, this work suggests that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays an important role in prion lymphotropism. 27998976 1 60 theme misfolded 109:117 arg1 states 137:142 misfolded, self-replicating states 109:142 misfolded, self-replicating states of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism 109:300 Prions or PrPSc are proteinaceous infectious agents that consist of misfolded, self-replicating states of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism. 27998976 8 61 theme PMCAb-derived 1398:1410 arg1 PrPSc 1412:1416 PMCAb-derived PrPSc 1398:1416 PMCAb-derived PrPSc 1398:1416 By 6 hours after inoculation, brain- and PMCAb-derived PrPSc were found in spleen and lymph nodes, whereas dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc was found predominantly in liver. 27998976 1 62 gly sialoglycoprotein 149:165 arg1 sialoglycoprotein 149:165 a sialoglycoprotein 147:165 a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism 147:300 Prions or PrPSc are proteinaceous infectious agents that consist of misfolded, self-replicating states of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism. 27998976 5 63 theme animals 1028:1034 arg1 spleen 1012:1017 spleen 1012:1017 spleen 1012:1017 Animals inoculated with dsPMCAb-derived material were not subclinical carriers of scrapie, as no PrPSc was detected in brains or spleen of these animals by either Western blotting or after amplification by serial PMCAb. 27998976 5 63 theme animals 1028:1034 arg1 brains 1002:1007 brains 1002:1007 brains 1002:1007 Animals inoculated with dsPMCAb-derived material were not subclinical carriers of scrapie, as no PrPSc was detected in brains or spleen of these animals by either Western blotting or after amplification by serial PMCAb. 27998976 4 64 theme prion 766:770 arg1 disease 772:778 prion disease 766:778 prion disease 766:778 Animals inoculated with brain- or PMCAb-derived PrPSc developed prion disease, whereas administration of dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc with reduced sialylation did not cause prion disease. 27998976 9 65 theme transmission 1570:1581 arg1 outcome 1553:1559 the outcome 1549:1559 the outcome of prion transmission to a wild type host 1549:1601 This study demonstrates that the outcome of prion transmission to a wild type host is determined by the sialylation status of the inoculated PrPSc Furthermore, this work suggests that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays an important role in prion lymphotropism. 27998976 8 66 link dsPMCAb-derived 1464:1478 arg1 PrPSc 1480:1484 dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc 1464:1484 dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc 1464:1484 By 6 hours after inoculation, brain- and PMCAb-derived PrPSc were found in spleen and lymph nodes, whereas dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc was found predominantly in liver. 27998976 8 67 located found 1423:1427 arg2 PrPSc 1412:1416 PMCAb-derived PrPSc 1398:1416 PMCAb-derived PrPSc 1398:1416 By 6 hours after inoculation, brain- and PMCAb-derived PrPSc were found in spleen and lymph nodes, whereas dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc was found predominantly in liver. 27998976 8 67 located found 1423:1427 arg1 spleen 1432:1437 spleen 1432:1437 spleen 1432:1437 By 6 hours after inoculation, brain- and PMCAb-derived PrPSc were found in spleen and lymph nodes, whereas dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc was found predominantly in liver. 27998976 8 67 located found 1423:1427 arg1 nodes 1449:1453 lymph nodes 1443:1453 lymph nodes 1443:1453 By 6 hours after inoculation, brain- and PMCAb-derived PrPSc were found in spleen and lymph nodes, whereas dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc was found predominantly in liver. 27998976 8 67 located found 1423:1427 arg2 brain- 1387:1392 brain- 1387:1392 brain- 1387:1392 By 6 hours after inoculation, brain- and PMCAb-derived PrPSc were found in spleen and lymph nodes, whereas dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc was found predominantly in liver. 27998976 1 68 dep misfolded 109:117 arg1 self-replicating 120:135 self-replicating 120:135 self-replicating 120:135 Prions or PrPSc are proteinaceous infectious agents that consist of misfolded, self-replicating states of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism. 27998976 1 69 dep hypothesis 229:238 arg1 determines 257:266 determines 257:266 determines the fate of prions in an organism 257:300 Prions or PrPSc are proteinaceous infectious agents that consist of misfolded, self-replicating states of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism. 27998976 7 70 theme secondary 1330:1338 arg1 organs 1349:1354 secondary lymphoid organs 1330:1354 secondary lymphoid organs 1330:1354 PrPSc sialylation was found to be critical for effective trafficking of PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs. 27998976 7 71 theme PrPSc 1249:1253 arg1 sialylation 1255:1265 PrPSc sialylation 1249:1265 PrPSc sialylation 1249:1265 PrPSc sialylation was found to be critical for effective trafficking of PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs. 27998976 9 72 gly sialylation 1624:1634 arg1 PrPSc 1661:1665 the inoculated PrPSc Furthermore, this work suggests that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays an important role in prion lymphotropism 1646:1781 the inoculated PrPSc Furthermore, this work suggests that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays an important role in prion lymphotropism 1646:1781 This study demonstrates that the outcome of prion transmission to a wild type host is determined by the sialylation status of the inoculated PrPSc Furthermore, this work suggests that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays an important role in prion lymphotropism. 27998976 9 73 theme sialylation 1708:1718 arg1 status 1720:1725 the sialylation status 1704:1725 the sialylation status of PrPSc 1704:1734 This study demonstrates that the outcome of prion transmission to a wild type host is determined by the sialylation status of the inoculated PrPSc Furthermore, this work suggests that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays an important role in prion lymphotropism. 27998976 1 74 theme current 204:210 arg1 work 212:215 The current work 200:215 The current work 200:215 Prions or PrPSc are proteinaceous infectious agents that consist of misfolded, self-replicating states of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism. 27998976 3 75 theme Syrian 557:562 arg1 hamsters 564:571 Syrian hamsters 557:571 Syrian hamsters 557:571 Syrian hamsters were inoculated intraperitoneally with brain-derived PrPSc or PrPSc produced in PMCAb or dsPMCAb and then monitored for disease. 27998976 9 76 theme PrPSc 1661:1665 arg1 status 1636:1641 the sialylation status 1620:1641 the sialylation status of the inoculated PrPSc Furthermore, this work suggests that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays an important role in prion lymphotropism 1620:1781 This study demonstrates that the outcome of prion transmission to a wild type host is determined by the sialylation status of the inoculated PrPSc Furthermore, this work suggests that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays an important role in prion lymphotropism. 27998976 4 77 gly sialylation 842:852 arg1 administration 789:802 administration 789:802 administration of dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc with reduced sialylation 789:852 Animals inoculated with brain- or PMCAb-derived PrPSc developed prion disease, whereas administration of dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc with reduced sialylation did not cause prion disease. 27998976 4 78 with administration 789:802 arg1 sialylation 842:852 reduced sialylation 834:852 reduced sialylation 834:852 Animals inoculated with brain- or PMCAb-derived PrPSc developed prion disease, whereas administration of dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc with reduced sialylation did not cause prion disease. 27998976 2 79 theme sialylation 453:463 arg1 levels 465:470 reduced sialylation levels 445:470 reduced sialylation levels using the same method 445:492 To begin, we produced control PrPSc from PrPC using protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb), and also generated PrPSc with reduced sialylation levels using the same method but with partially desialylated PrPC as a substrate (dsPMCAb). 27998976 8 80 theme dsPMCAb-derived 1464:1478 arg1 PrPSc 1480:1484 dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc 1464:1484 dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc 1464:1484 By 6 hours after inoculation, brain- and PMCAb-derived PrPSc were found in spleen and lymph nodes, whereas dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc was found predominantly in liver. 27998976 6 81 theme dsPMCAb-derived 1165:1179 arg1 PrPSc 1181:1185 dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc 1165:1185 dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc 1165:1185 In subsequent experiments, trafficking of brain-, PMCAb-, and dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs was monitored in wild type mice. 27998976 4 82 theme reduced 834:840 arg1 sialylation 842:852 reduced sialylation 834:852 reduced sialylation 834:852 Animals inoculated with brain- or PMCAb-derived PrPSc developed prion disease, whereas administration of dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc with reduced sialylation did not cause prion disease. 27998976 2 83 gly desialylated 513:524 arg1 PrPC 526:529 partially desialylated PrPC 503:529 partially desialylated PrPC 503:529 To begin, we produced control PrPSc from PrPC using protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb), and also generated PrPSc with reduced sialylation levels using the same method but with partially desialylated PrPC as a substrate (dsPMCAb). 27998976 1 84 theme new 225:227 arg1 hypothesis 229:238 a new hypothesis 223:238 a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism 223:300 Prions or PrPSc are proteinaceous infectious agents that consist of misfolded, self-replicating states of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism. 26133982 4 0 theme different 576:584 arg1 patterns 611:618 different B4galnt2 tissue-specific patterns 576:618 different B4galnt2 tissue-specific patterns 576:618 To test this, we challenged mice genetically engineered to express different B4galnt2 tissue-specific patterns with a Salmonella Typhimurium infection model. 26133982 7 1 theme gastrointestinal 1187:1202 arg1 infections 1204:1213 gastrointestinal infections 1187:1213 gastrointestinal infections 1187:1213 These data support a critical role for B4galnt2 in gastrointestinal infections. 26133982 8 2 located observed 1365:1372 arg1 locus 1390:1394 the B4galnt2 locus 1377:1394 the B4galnt2 locus 1377:1394 We speculate that B4galnt2-specific differences in host susceptibility to intestinal pathogens underlie the strong signatures of balancing selection observed at the B4galnt2 locus in wild mouse populations. 26133982 8 2 located observed 1365:1372 arg2 selection 1355:1363 balancing selection 1345:1363 balancing selection observed at the B4galnt2 locus in wild mouse populations 1345:1420 We speculate that B4galnt2-specific differences in host susceptibility to intestinal pathogens underlie the strong signatures of balancing selection observed at the B4galnt2 locus in wild mouse populations. 26133982 8 2 located observed 1365:1372 arg1 populations 1410:1420 wild mouse populations 1399:1420 wild mouse populations 1399:1420 We speculate that B4galnt2-specific differences in host susceptibility to intestinal pathogens underlie the strong signatures of balancing selection observed at the B4galnt2 locus in wild mouse populations. 26133982 4 3 dep Salmonella 627:636 arg1 Typhimurium 638:648 Typhimurium 638:648 Typhimurium 638:648 To test this, we challenged mice genetically engineered to express different B4galnt2 tissue-specific patterns with a Salmonella Typhimurium infection model. 26133982 5 4 theme Salmonella 782:791 arg1 susceptibility 793:806 Salmonella susceptibility 782:806 Salmonella susceptibility 782:806 We found B4galnt2 intestinal expression was strongly associated with bacterial community composition and increased Salmonella susceptibility as evidenced by increased intestinal inflammatory cytokines and infiltrating immune cells. 26133982 5 5 dep found 670:674 arg1 associated 720:729 associated 720:729 was strongly associated with bacterial community composition 707:766 We found B4galnt2 intestinal expression was strongly associated with bacterial community composition and increased Salmonella susceptibility as evidenced by increased intestinal inflammatory cytokines and infiltrating immune cells. 26133982 5 5 dep found 670:674 arg1 increased 772:780 increased 772:780 increased Salmonella susceptibility as evidenced by increased intestinal inflammatory cytokines and infiltrating immune cells 772:896 We found B4galnt2 intestinal expression was strongly associated with bacterial community composition and increased Salmonella susceptibility as evidenced by increased intestinal inflammatory cytokines and infiltrating immune cells. 26133982 6 6 theme B4galnt2 1065:1072 arg1 expression 1074:1083 epithelial B4galnt2 expression 1054:1083 epithelial B4galnt2 expression 1054:1083 Fecal transfer experiments demonstrated a crucial role of the B4galnt2-dependent microbiota in conferring susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, while epithelial B4galnt2 expression facilitated epithelial invasion of S. Typhimurium. 26133982 5 7 theme immune 885:890 arg1 cells 892:896 infiltrating immune cells 872:896 infiltrating immune cells 872:896 We found B4galnt2 intestinal expression was strongly associated with bacterial community composition and increased Salmonella susceptibility as evidenced by increased intestinal inflammatory cytokines and infiltrating immune cells. 26133982 4 8 theme tissue-specific 595:609 arg1 patterns 611:618 different B4galnt2 tissue-specific patterns 576:618 different B4galnt2 tissue-specific patterns 576:618 To test this, we challenged mice genetically engineered to express different B4galnt2 tissue-specific patterns with a Salmonella Typhimurium infection model. 26133982 7 9 theme critical 1157:1164 arg1 role 1166:1169 a critical role 1155:1169 a critical role for B4galnt2 in gastrointestinal infections 1155:1213 These data support a critical role for B4galnt2 in gastrointestinal infections. 26133982 2 10 theme B4galnt2 338:345 arg1 expression 347:356 B4galnt2 expression 338:356 B4galnt2 expression 338:356 Tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) are variable in wild mouse populations, and loss of B4galnt2 expression is associated with altered intestinal microbiota. 26133982 8 11 theme wild 1399:1402 arg1 populations 1410:1420 wild mouse populations 1399:1420 wild mouse populations 1399:1420 We speculate that B4galnt2-specific differences in host susceptibility to intestinal pathogens underlie the strong signatures of balancing selection observed at the B4galnt2 locus in wild mouse populations. 26133982 8 12 theme host 1267:1270 arg1 susceptibility 1272:1285 host susceptibility 1267:1285 host susceptibility to intestinal pathogens 1267:1309 We speculate that B4galnt2-specific differences in host susceptibility to intestinal pathogens underlie the strong signatures of balancing selection observed at the B4galnt2 locus in wild mouse populations. 26133982 6 13 theme microbiota 980:989 arg1 role 949:952 a crucial role 939:952 a crucial role of the B4galnt2-dependent microbiota in conferring susceptibility to intestinal inflammation 939:1045 Fecal transfer experiments demonstrated a crucial role of the B4galnt2-dependent microbiota in conferring susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, while epithelial B4galnt2 expression facilitated epithelial invasion of S. Typhimurium. 26133982 8 14 theme B4galnt2 1381:1388 arg1 locus 1390:1394 the B4galnt2 locus 1377:1394 the B4galnt2 locus 1377:1394 We speculate that B4galnt2-specific differences in host susceptibility to intestinal pathogens underlie the strong signatures of balancing selection observed at the B4galnt2 locus in wild mouse populations. 26133982 6 15 theme epithelial 1097:1106 arg1 invasion 1108:1115 epithelial invasion 1097:1115 epithelial invasion of S. Typhimurium 1097:1133 Fecal transfer experiments demonstrated a crucial role of the B4galnt2-dependent microbiota in conferring susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, while epithelial B4galnt2 expression facilitated epithelial invasion of S. Typhimurium. 26133982 5 16 theme bacterial 736:744 arg1 composition 756:766 bacterial community composition 736:766 bacterial community composition 736:766 We found B4galnt2 intestinal expression was strongly associated with bacterial community composition and increased Salmonella susceptibility as evidenced by increased intestinal inflammatory cytokines and infiltrating immune cells. 26133982 6 17 theme B4galnt2-dependent 961:978 arg1 microbiota 980:989 the B4galnt2-dependent microbiota 957:989 the B4galnt2-dependent microbiota 957:989 Fecal transfer experiments demonstrated a crucial role of the B4galnt2-dependent microbiota in conferring susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, while epithelial B4galnt2 expression facilitated epithelial invasion of S. Typhimurium. 26133982 2 18 theme expression 174:183 arg1 patterns 185:192 Tissue-specific expression patterns 158:192 Tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) 158:284 Tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) are variable in wild mouse populations, and loss of B4galnt2 expression is associated with altered intestinal microbiota. 26133982 0 19 theme B4galnt2 43:50 arg1 Expression 0:9 Expression 0:9 Expression of the Blood-Group-Related Gene B4galnt2 0:50 Expression of the Blood-Group-Related Gene B4galnt2 Alters Susceptibility to Salmonella Infection. 26133982 2 20 theme Tissue-specific 158:172 arg1 patterns 185:192 Tissue-specific expression patterns 158:192 Tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) 158:284 Tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) are variable in wild mouse populations, and loss of B4galnt2 expression is associated with altered intestinal microbiota. 26133982 8 21 theme B4galnt2-specific 1234:1250 arg1 differences 1252:1262 B4galnt2-specific differences 1234:1262 B4galnt2-specific differences in host susceptibility to intestinal pathogens 1234:1309 We speculate that B4galnt2-specific differences in host susceptibility to intestinal pathogens underlie the strong signatures of balancing selection observed at the B4galnt2 locus in wild mouse populations. 26133982 5 22 theme B4galnt2 676:683 arg1 expression 696:705 B4galnt2 intestinal expression 676:705 B4galnt2 intestinal expression 676:705 We found B4galnt2 intestinal expression was strongly associated with bacterial community composition and increased Salmonella susceptibility as evidenced by increased intestinal inflammatory cytokines and infiltrating immune cells. 26133982 2 23 from variable 290:297 arg1 populations 313:323 wild mouse populations 302:323 wild mouse populations 302:323 Tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) are variable in wild mouse populations, and loss of B4galnt2 expression is associated with altered intestinal microbiota. 26133982 8 24 theme balancing 1345:1353 arg1 selection 1355:1363 balancing selection 1345:1363 balancing selection observed at the B4galnt2 locus in wild mouse populations 1345:1420 We speculate that B4galnt2-specific differences in host susceptibility to intestinal pathogens underlie the strong signatures of balancing selection observed at the B4galnt2 locus in wild mouse populations. 26133982 5 25 theme intestinal 685:694 arg1 expression 696:705 B4galnt2 intestinal expression 676:705 B4galnt2 intestinal expression 676:705 We found B4galnt2 intestinal expression was strongly associated with bacterial community composition and increased Salmonella susceptibility as evidenced by increased intestinal inflammatory cytokines and infiltrating immune cells. 26133982 8 26 theme intestinal 1290:1299 arg1 pathogens 1301:1309 intestinal pathogens 1290:1309 intestinal pathogens 1290:1309 We speculate that B4galnt2-specific differences in host susceptibility to intestinal pathogens underlie the strong signatures of balancing selection observed at the B4galnt2 locus in wild mouse populations. 26133982 6 27 theme epithelial 1054:1063 arg1 expression 1074:1083 epithelial B4galnt2 expression 1054:1083 epithelial B4galnt2 expression 1054:1083 Fecal transfer experiments demonstrated a crucial role of the B4galnt2-dependent microbiota in conferring susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, while epithelial B4galnt2 expression facilitated epithelial invasion of S. Typhimurium. 26133982 0 28 theme Blood-Group-Related 18:36 arg1 B4galnt2 43:50 the Blood-Group-Related Gene B4galnt2 14:50 the Blood-Group-Related Gene B4galnt2 14:50 Expression of the Blood-Group-Related Gene B4galnt2 Alters Susceptibility to Salmonella Infection. 26133982 4 29 theme infection 650:658 arg1 model 660:664 a Salmonella Typhimurium infection model 625:664 a Salmonella Typhimurium infection model 625:664 To test this, we challenged mice genetically engineered to express different B4galnt2 tissue-specific patterns with a Salmonella Typhimurium infection model. 26133982 5 30 theme inflammatory 845:856 arg1 cytokines 858:866 increased intestinal inflammatory cytokines 824:866 increased intestinal inflammatory cytokines 824:866 We found B4galnt2 intestinal expression was strongly associated with bacterial community composition and increased Salmonella susceptibility as evidenced by increased intestinal inflammatory cytokines and infiltrating immune cells. 26133982 6 31 theme crucial 941:947 arg1 role 949:952 a crucial role 939:952 a crucial role of the B4galnt2-dependent microbiota in conferring susceptibility to intestinal inflammation 939:1045 Fecal transfer experiments demonstrated a crucial role of the B4galnt2-dependent microbiota in conferring susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, while epithelial B4galnt2 expression facilitated epithelial invasion of S. Typhimurium. 26133982 1 32 theme important 112:120 arg1 roles 122:126 important roles 112:126 important roles 112:126 Glycans play important roles in host-microbe interactions. 26133982 3 33 theme B4galnt2 442:449 arg1 expression 451:460 B4galnt2 expression 442:460 B4galnt2 expression 442:460 We hypothesized that variation in B4galnt2 expression alters susceptibility to intestinal pathogens. 26133982 2 34 theme glycosyltransferase 213:231 arg1 β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 233:271 the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 197:273 the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) 197:284 Tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) are variable in wild mouse populations, and loss of B4galnt2 expression is associated with altered intestinal microbiota. 26133982 2 34 theme glycosyltransferase 213:231 arg1 B4galnt2 276:283 B4galnt2 276:283 B4galnt2 276:283 Tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) are variable in wild mouse populations, and loss of B4galnt2 expression is associated with altered intestinal microbiota. 26133982 2 35 theme expression 347:356 arg1 loss 330:333 loss 330:333 loss of B4galnt2 expression 330:356 Tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) are variable in wild mouse populations, and loss of B4galnt2 expression is associated with altered intestinal microbiota. 26133982 6 36 theme Typhimurium 1123:1133 arg1 invasion 1108:1115 epithelial invasion 1097:1115 epithelial invasion of S. Typhimurium 1097:1133 Fecal transfer experiments demonstrated a crucial role of the B4galnt2-dependent microbiota in conferring susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, while epithelial B4galnt2 expression facilitated epithelial invasion of S. Typhimurium. 26133982 3 37 theme intestinal 487:496 arg1 pathogens 498:506 intestinal pathogens 487:506 intestinal pathogens 487:506 We hypothesized that variation in B4galnt2 expression alters susceptibility to intestinal pathogens. 26133982 8 38 from differences 1252:1262 arg1 susceptibility 1272:1285 host susceptibility 1267:1285 host susceptibility to intestinal pathogens 1267:1309 We speculate that B4galnt2-specific differences in host susceptibility to intestinal pathogens underlie the strong signatures of balancing selection observed at the B4galnt2 locus in wild mouse populations. 26133982 2 39 theme group 207:211 arg1 β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 233:271 the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 197:273 the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) 197:284 Tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) are variable in wild mouse populations, and loss of B4galnt2 expression is associated with altered intestinal microbiota. 26133982 2 39 theme group 207:211 arg1 B4galnt2 276:283 B4galnt2 276:283 B4galnt2 276:283 Tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) are variable in wild mouse populations, and loss of B4galnt2 expression is associated with altered intestinal microbiota. 26133982 2 40 from populations 313:323 arg1 variable 290:297 variable 290:297 variable 290:297 Tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) are variable in wild mouse populations, and loss of B4galnt2 expression is associated with altered intestinal microbiota. 26133982 0 41 theme Gene 38:41 arg1 B4galnt2 43:50 the Blood-Group-Related Gene B4galnt2 14:50 the Blood-Group-Related Gene B4galnt2 14:50 Expression of the Blood-Group-Related Gene B4galnt2 Alters Susceptibility to Salmonella Infection. 26133982 5 42 theme infiltrating 872:883 arg1 cells 892:896 infiltrating immune cells 872:896 infiltrating immune cells 872:896 We found B4galnt2 intestinal expression was strongly associated with bacterial community composition and increased Salmonella susceptibility as evidenced by increased intestinal inflammatory cytokines and infiltrating immune cells. 26133982 2 43 theme blood 201:205 arg1 β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 233:271 the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 197:273 the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) 197:284 Tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) are variable in wild mouse populations, and loss of B4galnt2 expression is associated with altered intestinal microbiota. 26133982 2 43 theme blood 201:205 arg1 B4galnt2 276:283 B4galnt2 276:283 B4galnt2 276:283 Tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) are variable in wild mouse populations, and loss of B4galnt2 expression is associated with altered intestinal microbiota. 26133982 8 44 theme mouse 1404:1408 arg1 populations 1410:1420 wild mouse populations 1399:1420 wild mouse populations 1399:1420 We speculate that B4galnt2-specific differences in host susceptibility to intestinal pathogens underlie the strong signatures of balancing selection observed at the B4galnt2 locus in wild mouse populations. 26133982 8 45 theme selection 1355:1363 arg1 signatures 1331:1340 the strong signatures 1320:1340 the strong signatures of balancing selection observed at the B4galnt2 locus in wild mouse populations 1320:1420 We speculate that B4galnt2-specific differences in host susceptibility to intestinal pathogens underlie the strong signatures of balancing selection observed at the B4galnt2 locus in wild mouse populations. 26133982 3 46 from variation 429:437 arg1 expression 451:460 B4galnt2 expression 442:460 B4galnt2 expression 442:460 We hypothesized that variation in B4galnt2 expression alters susceptibility to intestinal pathogens. 26133982 8 47 theme strong 1324:1329 arg1 signatures 1331:1340 the strong signatures 1320:1340 the strong signatures of balancing selection observed at the B4galnt2 locus in wild mouse populations 1320:1420 We speculate that B4galnt2-specific differences in host susceptibility to intestinal pathogens underlie the strong signatures of balancing selection observed at the B4galnt2 locus in wild mouse populations. 26133982 5 48 theme community 746:754 arg1 composition 756:766 bacterial community composition 736:766 bacterial community composition 736:766 We found B4galnt2 intestinal expression was strongly associated with bacterial community composition and increased Salmonella susceptibility as evidenced by increased intestinal inflammatory cytokines and infiltrating immune cells. 26133982 1 49 theme host-microbe 131:142 arg1 interactions 144:155 host-microbe interactions 131:155 host-microbe interactions 131:155 Glycans play important roles in host-microbe interactions. 26133982 4 50 theme Salmonella 627:636 arg1 model 660:664 a Salmonella Typhimurium infection model 625:664 a Salmonella Typhimurium infection model 625:664 To test this, we challenged mice genetically engineered to express different B4galnt2 tissue-specific patterns with a Salmonella Typhimurium infection model. 26133982 5 51 theme increased 824:832 arg1 cytokines 858:866 increased intestinal inflammatory cytokines 824:866 increased intestinal inflammatory cytokines 824:866 We found B4galnt2 intestinal expression was strongly associated with bacterial community composition and increased Salmonella susceptibility as evidenced by increased intestinal inflammatory cytokines and infiltrating immune cells. 26133982 6 52 theme intestinal 1023:1032 arg1 inflammation 1034:1045 intestinal inflammation 1023:1045 intestinal inflammation 1023:1045 Fecal transfer experiments demonstrated a crucial role of the B4galnt2-dependent microbiota in conferring susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, while epithelial B4galnt2 expression facilitated epithelial invasion of S. Typhimurium. 26133982 6 53 theme transfer 905:912 arg1 experiments 914:924 Fecal transfer experiments 899:924 Fecal transfer experiments 899:924 Fecal transfer experiments demonstrated a crucial role of the B4galnt2-dependent microbiota in conferring susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, while epithelial B4galnt2 expression facilitated epithelial invasion of S. Typhimurium. 26133982 2 54 theme intestinal 385:394 arg1 microbiota 396:405 altered intestinal microbiota 377:405 altered intestinal microbiota 377:405 Tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) are variable in wild mouse populations, and loss of B4galnt2 expression is associated with altered intestinal microbiota. 26133982 5 55 theme intestinal 834:843 arg1 cytokines 858:866 increased intestinal inflammatory cytokines 824:866 increased intestinal inflammatory cytokines 824:866 We found B4galnt2 intestinal expression was strongly associated with bacterial community composition and increased Salmonella susceptibility as evidenced by increased intestinal inflammatory cytokines and infiltrating immune cells. 26133982 6 56 theme Fecal 899:903 arg1 experiments 914:924 Fecal transfer experiments 899:924 Fecal transfer experiments 899:924 Fecal transfer experiments demonstrated a crucial role of the B4galnt2-dependent microbiota in conferring susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, while epithelial B4galnt2 expression facilitated epithelial invasion of S. Typhimurium. 26133982 2 57 theme altered 377:383 arg1 microbiota 396:405 altered intestinal microbiota 377:405 altered intestinal microbiota 377:405 Tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) are variable in wild mouse populations, and loss of B4galnt2 expression is associated with altered intestinal microbiota. 26133982 0 58 theme Salmonella 77:86 arg1 Infection 88:96 Salmonella Infection 77:96 Salmonella Infection 77:96 Expression of the Blood-Group-Related Gene B4galnt2 Alters Susceptibility to Salmonella Infection. 26133982 2 59 theme β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 233:271 arg1 patterns 185:192 Tissue-specific expression patterns 158:192 Tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) 158:284 Tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) are variable in wild mouse populations, and loss of B4galnt2 expression is associated with altered intestinal microbiota. 26133982 2 60 theme mouse 307:311 arg1 populations 313:323 wild mouse populations 302:323 wild mouse populations 302:323 Tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) are variable in wild mouse populations, and loss of B4galnt2 expression is associated with altered intestinal microbiota. 26133982 4 61 theme B4galnt2 586:593 arg1 patterns 611:618 different B4galnt2 tissue-specific patterns 576:618 different B4galnt2 tissue-specific patterns 576:618 To test this, we challenged mice genetically engineered to express different B4galnt2 tissue-specific patterns with a Salmonella Typhimurium infection model. 26133982 2 62 theme wild 302:305 arg1 populations 313:323 wild mouse populations 302:323 wild mouse populations 302:323 Tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) are variable in wild mouse populations, and loss of B4galnt2 expression is associated with altered intestinal microbiota. 26133982 7 63 from role 1166:1169 arg1 infections 1204:1213 gastrointestinal infections 1187:1213 gastrointestinal infections 1187:1213 These data support a critical role for B4galnt2 in gastrointestinal infections. 26311893 7 0 from populations 1902:1912 arg1 rare 1875:1878 rare 1875:1878 rare 1875:1878 Analysis of the disulfide bond content shows that misfolded gp120 subunits are abundant in uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins but very rare in native-like trimer populations. 26311893 11 1 theme underlying 2435:2444 arg1 hypothesis 2446:2455 The underlying hypothesis 2431:2455 The underlying hypothesis 2431:2455 The underlying hypothesis is that an Env-mimetic protein may be able to induce antibodies that can neutralize the virus broadly and potently enough for a vaccine to be protective. 26311893 8 2 theme vaccine 2093:2099 arg1 components 2101:2110 vaccine components 2093:2110 vaccine components 2093:2110 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy are, therefore, all important influences on the quality of trimeric Env proteins and hence their suitability as vaccine components. 26311893 4 3 theme gp140 1019:1023 arg1 gp140UNC-Fd-His 1035:1049 gp140UNC-Fd-His 1035:1049 gp140UNC-Fd-His 1035:1049 In contrast, uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His), based on the same env genes, very rarely form native-like trimers, a finding that is consistent with their antigenic and biophysical properties and glycan composition. 26311893 4 3 theme gp140 1019:1023 arg1 proteins 1025:1032 uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins 961:1032 uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His) 961:1050 In contrast, uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His), based on the same env genes, very rarely form native-like trimers, a finding that is consistent with their antigenic and biophysical properties and glycan composition. 26311893 9 4 dep Soluble 2124:2130 arg1 recombinant 2133:2143 recombinant 2133:2143 recombinant 2133:2143 IMPORTANCE Soluble, recombinant multimeric proteins based on the HIV-1 env gene are current candidate immunogens for vaccine trials in humans. 26311893 5 5 theme I559P 1502:1506 arg1 substitution 1508:1519 an I559P substitution 1499:1519 an I559P substitution in gp41ECTO 1499:1531 The addition of a 20-residue flexible linker (FL20) between the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits to make the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct is not sufficient to create a native-like trimer, but a small percentage of native-like trimers were produced when an I559P substitution in gp41ECTO was also present. 26311893 5 5 theme I559P 1502:1506 arg1 present 1542:1548 present 1542:1548 present 1542:1548 The addition of a 20-residue flexible linker (FL20) between the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits to make the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct is not sufficient to create a native-like trimer, but a small percentage of native-like trimers were produced when an I559P substitution in gp41ECTO was also present. 26311893 4 6 dep uncleaved 961:969 arg1 histidine-tagged 972:987 histidine-tagged 972:987 histidine-tagged 972:987 In contrast, uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His), based on the same env genes, very rarely form native-like trimers, a finding that is consistent with their antigenic and biophysical properties and glycan composition. 26311893 14 7 contain has 3002:3004 arg2 implications 3006:3017 implications 3006:3017 implications for the design and interpretation of ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins 3006:3108 We conclude that the most widely used versions of CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins do not resemble the trimeric Env glycoprotein on HIV-1 viruses, which has implications for the design and interpretation of ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins. 26311893 14 7 contain has 3002:3004 arg1 glycoprotein 2965:2976 the trimeric Env glycoprotein 2948:2976 the trimeric Env glycoprotein 2948:2976 We conclude that the most widely used versions of CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins do not resemble the trimeric Env glycoprotein on HIV-1 viruses, which has implications for the design and interpretation of ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins. 26311893 14 8 theme trimeric 2952:2959 arg1 glycoprotein 2965:2976 the trimeric Env glycoprotein 2948:2976 the trimeric Env glycoprotein 2948:2976 We conclude that the most widely used versions of CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins do not resemble the trimeric Env glycoprotein on HIV-1 viruses, which has implications for the design and interpretation of ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins. 26311893 13 9 theme virus-associated 2804:2819 arg1 trimers 2825:2831 virus-associated Env trimers 2804:2831 virus-associated Env trimers 2804:2831 Here, we used the CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 env genes to compare some of these designs and determine which ones best mimic virus-associated Env trimers. 26311893 5 10 theme 92UG037.8 1353:1361 arg1 construct 1374:1382 the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct 1339:1382 the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct 1339:1382 The addition of a 20-residue flexible linker (FL20) between the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits to make the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct is not sufficient to create a native-like trimer, but a small percentage of native-like trimers were produced when an I559P substitution in gp41ECTO was also present. 26311893 1 11 theme soluble 200:206 arg1 trimers 221:227 native-like soluble, recombinant trimers 188:227 native-like soluble, recombinant trimers based on the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C) 188:371 UNLABELLED We have investigated factors that influence the production of native-like soluble, recombinant trimers based on the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C). 26311893 10 12 gly glycoprotein 2332:2343 arg1 target 2363:2368 the target 2359:2368 the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions 2359:2428 These proteins are generally designed to mimic the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions. 26311893 10 12 gly glycoprotein 2332:2343 arg1 Env 2346:2348 Env 2346:2348 Env 2346:2348 These proteins are generally designed to mimic the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions. 26311893 10 12 gly glycoprotein 2332:2343 arg1 glycoprotein 2332:2343 the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein 2303:2343 the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions 2303:2428 These proteins are generally designed to mimic the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions. 26311893 2 13 theme SOSIP.664 489:497 arg1 design 499:504 the SOSIP.664 design 485:504 the SOSIP.664 design 485:504 When the recombinant trimers based on the env genes of isolates 92UG037.8 and CZA97.012 were made according to the SOSIP.664 design and purified by affinity chromatography using broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against quaternary epitopes (PGT145 and PGT151, respectively), the resulting trimers are highly stable and they are fully native-like when visualized by negative-stain electron microscopy. 26311893 6 14 theme gp120 1610:1614 arg1 subunits 1625:1632 the gp120 and gp41 subunits 1606:1632 the gp120 and gp41 subunits in the uncleaved gp140-FL20-SOSIP protein 1606:1674 The further addition of a disulfide bond (SOS) to link the gp120 and gp41 subunits in the uncleaved gp140-FL20-SOSIP protein increases native-like trimer formation to ∼20 to 30%. 26311893 4 15 theme env 1071:1073 arg1 genes 1075:1079 the same env genes 1062:1079 the same env genes 1062:1079 In contrast, uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His), based on the same env genes, very rarely form native-like trimers, a finding that is consistent with their antigenic and biophysical properties and glycan composition. 26311893 1 16 theme clade 364:368 arg1 CZA97.012 353:361 CZA97.012 353:361 CZA97.012 353:361 UNLABELLED We have investigated factors that influence the production of native-like soluble, recombinant trimers based on the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C). 26311893 1 16 theme clade 364:368 arg1 C 370:370 clade C 364:370 clade C 364:370 UNLABELLED We have investigated factors that influence the production of native-like soluble, recombinant trimers based on the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C). 26311893 7 17 theme trimer 1895:1900 arg1 populations 1902:1912 native-like trimer populations 1883:1912 native-like trimer populations 1883:1912 Analysis of the disulfide bond content shows that misfolded gp120 subunits are abundant in uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins but very rare in native-like trimer populations. 26311893 7 18 from rare 1875:1878 arg1 populations 1902:1912 native-like trimer populations 1883:1912 native-like trimer populations 1883:1912 Analysis of the disulfide bond content shows that misfolded gp120 subunits are abundant in uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins but very rare in native-like trimer populations. 26311893 9 19 theme multimeric 2145:2154 arg1 immunogens 2215:2224 current candidate immunogens 2197:2224 current candidate immunogens for vaccine trials in humans 2197:2253 IMPORTANCE Soluble, recombinant multimeric proteins based on the HIV-1 env gene are current candidate immunogens for vaccine trials in humans. 26311893 9 19 theme multimeric 2145:2154 arg1 proteins 2156:2163 IMPORTANCE Soluble, recombinant multimeric proteins 2113:2163 IMPORTANCE Soluble, recombinant multimeric proteins based on the HIV-1 env gene 2113:2191 IMPORTANCE Soluble, recombinant multimeric proteins based on the HIV-1 env gene are current candidate immunogens for vaccine trials in humans. 26311893 9 20 from trials 2238:2243 arg1 humans 2248:2253 humans 2248:2253 humans 2248:2253 IMPORTANCE Soluble, recombinant multimeric proteins based on the HIV-1 env gene are current candidate immunogens for vaccine trials in humans. 26311893 12 21 theme different 2620:2628 arg1 designs 2630:2636 Multiple different designs 2611:2636 Multiple different designs for Env-mimetic trimers 2611:2660 Multiple different designs for Env-mimetic trimers have been put forth. 26311893 3 22 theme native-like 798:808 arg1 composition 847:857 a native-like (i.e., abundant) oligomannose glycan composition 796:857 a native-like (i.e., abundant) oligomannose glycan composition 796:857 They also have a native-like (i.e., abundant) oligomannose glycan composition and display multiple bNAb epitopes while occluding those for nonneutralizing antibodies. 26311893 2 23 theme CZA97.012 452:460 arg1 genes 420:424 the env genes 412:424 the env genes of isolates 92UG037.8 and CZA97.012 412:460 When the recombinant trimers based on the env genes of isolates 92UG037.8 and CZA97.012 were made according to the SOSIP.664 design and purified by affinity chromatography using broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against quaternary epitopes (PGT145 and PGT151, respectively), the resulting trimers are highly stable and they are fully native-like when visualized by negative-stain electron microscopy. 26311893 4 24 theme native-like 1099:1109 arg1 composition 1208:1218 glycan composition 1201:1218 glycan composition 1201:1218 In contrast, uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His), based on the same env genes, very rarely form native-like trimers, a finding that is consistent with their antigenic and biophysical properties and glycan composition. 26311893 4 24 theme native-like 1099:1109 arg1 trimers 1111:1117 native-like trimers 1099:1117 native-like trimers 1099:1117 In contrast, uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His), based on the same env genes, very rarely form native-like trimers, a finding that is consistent with their antigenic and biophysical properties and glycan composition. 26311893 4 24 theme native-like 1099:1109 arg1 finding 1122:1128 a finding 1120:1128 a finding that is consistent with their antigenic and biophysical properties 1120:1195 In contrast, uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His), based on the same env genes, very rarely form native-like trimers, a finding that is consistent with their antigenic and biophysical properties and glycan composition. 26311893 4 24 theme native-like 1099:1109 arg1 consistent 1138:1147 consistent 1138:1147 consistent 1138:1147 In contrast, uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His), based on the same env genes, very rarely form native-like trimers, a finding that is consistent with their antigenic and biophysical properties and glycan composition. 26311893 5 25 theme flexible 1250:1257 arg1 FL20 1267:1270 FL20 1267:1270 FL20 1267:1270 The addition of a 20-residue flexible linker (FL20) between the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits to make the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct is not sufficient to create a native-like trimer, but a small percentage of native-like trimers were produced when an I559P substitution in gp41ECTO was also present. 26311893 5 25 theme flexible 1250:1257 arg1 linker 1259:1264 a 20-residue flexible linker 1237:1264 a 20-residue flexible linker (FL20) between the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits to make the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct 1237:1382 The addition of a 20-residue flexible linker (FL20) between the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits to make the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct is not sufficient to create a native-like trimer, but a small percentage of native-like trimers were produced when an I559P substitution in gp41ECTO was also present. 26311893 14 26 theme HIV-1 2981:2985 arg1 viruses 2987:2993 HIV-1 viruses 2981:2993 HIV-1 viruses 2981:2993 We conclude that the most widely used versions of CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins do not resemble the trimeric Env glycoprotein on HIV-1 viruses, which has implications for the design and interpretation of ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins. 26311893 14 27 theme Env 2919:2921 arg1 proteins 2923:2930 CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins 2884:2930 CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins 2884:2930 We conclude that the most widely used versions of CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins do not resemble the trimeric Env glycoprotein on HIV-1 viruses, which has implications for the design and interpretation of ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins. 26311893 3 28 theme oligomannose 827:838 arg1 composition 847:857 a native-like (i.e., abundant) oligomannose glycan composition 796:857 a native-like (i.e., abundant) oligomannose glycan composition 796:857 They also have a native-like (i.e., abundant) oligomannose glycan composition and display multiple bNAb epitopes while occluding those for nonneutralizing antibodies. 26311893 10 29 theme trimeric 2314:2321 arg1 target 2363:2368 the target 2359:2368 the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions 2359:2428 These proteins are generally designed to mimic the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions. 26311893 10 29 theme trimeric 2314:2321 arg1 Env 2346:2348 Env 2346:2348 Env 2346:2348 These proteins are generally designed to mimic the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions. 26311893 10 29 theme trimeric 2314:2321 arg1 glycoprotein 2332:2343 the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein 2303:2343 the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions 2303:2428 These proteins are generally designed to mimic the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions. 26311893 9 30 theme env 2184:2186 arg1 gene 2188:2191 the HIV-1 env gene 2174:2191 the HIV-1 env gene 2174:2191 IMPORTANCE Soluble, recombinant multimeric proteins based on the HIV-1 env gene are current candidate immunogens for vaccine trials in humans. 26311893 0 31 theme Native-Like 66:76 arg1 Glycoprotein 93:104 Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein 66:104 Soluble, Recombinant Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers 45:112 Influences on the Design and Purification of Soluble, Recombinant Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers. 26311893 7 32 theme native-like 1883:1893 arg1 populations 1902:1912 native-like trimer populations 1883:1912 native-like trimer populations 1883:1912 Analysis of the disulfide bond content shows that misfolded gp120 subunits are abundant in uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins but very rare in native-like trimer populations. 26311893 3 33 dep native-like 798:808 arg1 abundant 817:824 abundant 817:824 abundant 817:824 They also have a native-like (i.e., abundant) oligomannose glycan composition and display multiple bNAb epitopes while occluding those for nonneutralizing antibodies. 26311893 7 34 from abundant 1809:1816 arg1 proteins 1857:1864 uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins 1821:1864 uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins 1821:1864 Analysis of the disulfide bond content shows that misfolded gp120 subunits are abundant in uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins but very rare in native-like trimer populations. 26311893 6 35 from subunits 1625:1632 arg1 protein 1668:1674 the uncleaved gp140-FL20-SOSIP protein 1637:1674 the uncleaved gp140-FL20-SOSIP protein 1637:1674 The further addition of a disulfide bond (SOS) to link the gp120 and gp41 subunits in the uncleaved gp140-FL20-SOSIP protein increases native-like trimer formation to ∼20 to 30%. 26311893 0 36 from Influences 0:9 arg1 Purification 29:40 Purification 29:40 Purification 29:40 Influences on the Design and Purification of Soluble, Recombinant Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers. 26311893 0 36 from Influences 0:9 arg1 Design 18:23 Design 18:23 Design 18:23 Influences on the Design and Purification of Soluble, Recombinant Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers. 26311893 4 37 theme biophysical 1174:1184 arg1 properties 1186:1195 their antigenic and biophysical properties 1154:1195 their antigenic and biophysical properties 1154:1195 In contrast, uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His), based on the same env genes, very rarely form native-like trimers, a finding that is consistent with their antigenic and biophysical properties and glycan composition. 26311893 0 38 theme Envelope 84:91 arg1 Glycoprotein 93:104 Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein 66:104 Soluble, Recombinant Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers 45:112 Influences on the Design and Purification of Soluble, Recombinant Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers. 26311893 1 39 theme clade 340:344 arg1 92UG037.8 329:337 92UG037.8 329:337 92UG037.8 329:337 UNLABELLED We have investigated factors that influence the production of native-like soluble, recombinant trimers based on the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C). 26311893 1 39 theme clade 340:344 arg1 A 346:346 clade A 340:346 clade A 340:346 UNLABELLED We have investigated factors that influence the production of native-like soluble, recombinant trimers based on the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C). 26311893 2 40 theme quaternary 600:609 arg1 PGT151 632:637 PGT151 632:637 PGT151 632:637 When the recombinant trimers based on the env genes of isolates 92UG037.8 and CZA97.012 were made according to the SOSIP.664 design and purified by affinity chromatography using broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against quaternary epitopes (PGT145 and PGT151, respectively), the resulting trimers are highly stable and they are fully native-like when visualized by negative-stain electron microscopy. 26311893 2 40 theme quaternary 600:609 arg1 PGT145 621:626 PGT145 621:626 PGT145 621:626 When the recombinant trimers based on the env genes of isolates 92UG037.8 and CZA97.012 were made according to the SOSIP.664 design and purified by affinity chromatography using broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against quaternary epitopes (PGT145 and PGT151, respectively), the resulting trimers are highly stable and they are fully native-like when visualized by negative-stain electron microscopy. 26311893 2 40 theme quaternary 600:609 arg1 epitopes 611:618 quaternary epitopes 600:618 quaternary epitopes (PGT145 and PGT151, respectively) 600:652 When the recombinant trimers based on the env genes of isolates 92UG037.8 and CZA97.012 were made according to the SOSIP.664 design and purified by affinity chromatography using broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against quaternary epitopes (PGT145 and PGT151, respectively), the resulting trimers are highly stable and they are fully native-like when visualized by negative-stain electron microscopy. 26311893 9 41 theme candidate 2205:2213 arg1 immunogens 2215:2224 current candidate immunogens 2197:2224 current candidate immunogens for vaccine trials in humans 2197:2253 IMPORTANCE Soluble, recombinant multimeric proteins based on the HIV-1 env gene are current candidate immunogens for vaccine trials in humans. 26311893 9 41 theme candidate 2205:2213 arg1 proteins 2156:2163 IMPORTANCE Soluble, recombinant multimeric proteins 2113:2163 IMPORTANCE Soluble, recombinant multimeric proteins based on the HIV-1 env gene 2113:2191 IMPORTANCE Soluble, recombinant multimeric proteins based on the HIV-1 env gene are current candidate immunogens for vaccine trials in humans. 26311893 0 42 theme Trimers 106:112 arg1 Purification 29:40 Purification 29:40 Purification 29:40 Influences on the Design and Purification of Soluble, Recombinant Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers. 26311893 0 42 theme Trimers 106:112 arg1 Design 18:23 Design 18:23 Design 18:23 Influences on the Design and Purification of Soluble, Recombinant Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers. 26311893 3 43 dep abundant 817:824 arg1 i.e. 811:814 i.e. 811:814 i.e. 811:814 They also have a native-like (i.e., abundant) oligomannose glycan composition and display multiple bNAb epitopes while occluding those for nonneutralizing antibodies. 26311893 6 44 theme gp41 1620:1623 arg1 subunits 1625:1632 the gp120 and gp41 subunits 1606:1632 the gp120 and gp41 subunits in the uncleaved gp140-FL20-SOSIP protein 1606:1674 The further addition of a disulfide bond (SOS) to link the gp120 and gp41 subunits in the uncleaved gp140-FL20-SOSIP protein increases native-like trimer formation to ∼20 to 30%. 26311893 1 45 theme human 271:275 arg1 type 300:303 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 271:305 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) 271:313 UNLABELLED We have investigated factors that influence the production of native-like soluble, recombinant trimers based on the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C). 26311893 1 45 theme human 271:275 arg1 HIV-1 308:312 HIV-1 308:312 HIV-1 308:312 UNLABELLED We have investigated factors that influence the production of native-like soluble, recombinant trimers based on the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C). 26311893 7 46 theme gp140UNC-Fd-His 1841:1855 arg1 proteins 1857:1864 uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins 1821:1864 uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins 1821:1864 Analysis of the disulfide bond content shows that misfolded gp120 subunits are abundant in uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins but very rare in native-like trimer populations. 26311893 14 47 theme proteins 3101:3108 arg1 trials 3085:3090 ongoing or proposed clinical trials 3056:3090 ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins 3056:3108 We conclude that the most widely used versions of CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins do not resemble the trimeric Env glycoprotein on HIV-1 viruses, which has implications for the design and interpretation of ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins. 26311893 4 48 theme domain-containing 1001:1017 arg1 gp140UNC-Fd-His 1035:1049 gp140UNC-Fd-His 1035:1049 gp140UNC-Fd-His 1035:1049 In contrast, uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His), based on the same env genes, very rarely form native-like trimers, a finding that is consistent with their antigenic and biophysical properties and glycan composition. 26311893 4 48 theme domain-containing 1001:1017 arg1 proteins 1025:1032 uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins 961:1032 uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His) 961:1050 In contrast, uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His), based on the same env genes, very rarely form native-like trimers, a finding that is consistent with their antigenic and biophysical properties and glycan composition. 26311893 5 49 theme trimers 1472:1478 arg1 percentage 1446:1455 a small percentage 1438:1455 a small percentage of native-like trimers 1438:1478 The addition of a 20-residue flexible linker (FL20) between the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits to make the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct is not sufficient to create a native-like trimer, but a small percentage of native-like trimers were produced when an I559P substitution in gp41ECTO was also present. 26311893 4 50 theme antigenic 1160:1168 arg1 properties 1186:1195 their antigenic and biophysical properties 1154:1195 their antigenic and biophysical properties 1154:1195 In contrast, uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His), based on the same env genes, very rarely form native-like trimers, a finding that is consistent with their antigenic and biophysical properties and glycan composition. 26311893 8 51 theme purification 1959:1970 arg1 influences 2011:2020 all important influences 1997:2020 all important influences on the quality of trimeric Env proteins 1997:2060 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy are, therefore, all important influences on the quality of trimeric Env proteins and hence their suitability as vaccine components. 26311893 8 51 theme purification 1959:1970 arg1 strategy 1972:1979 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy 1915:1979 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy 1915:1979 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy are, therefore, all important influences on the quality of trimeric Env proteins and hence their suitability as vaccine components. 26311893 1 52 theme virus 294:298 arg1 type 300:303 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 271:305 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) 271:313 UNLABELLED We have investigated factors that influence the production of native-like soluble, recombinant trimers based on the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C). 26311893 1 52 theme virus 294:298 arg1 HIV-1 308:312 HIV-1 308:312 HIV-1 308:312 UNLABELLED We have investigated factors that influence the production of native-like soluble, recombinant trimers based on the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C). 26311893 7 53 theme uncleaved 1821:1829 arg1 proteins 1857:1864 uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins 1821:1864 uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins 1821:1864 Analysis of the disulfide bond content shows that misfolded gp120 subunits are abundant in uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins but very rare in native-like trimer populations. 26311893 5 54 from substitution 1508:1519 arg1 gp41ECTO 1524:1531 gp41ECTO 1524:1531 gp41ECTO 1524:1531 The addition of a 20-residue flexible linker (FL20) between the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits to make the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct is not sufficient to create a native-like trimer, but a small percentage of native-like trimers were produced when an I559P substitution in gp41ECTO was also present. 26311893 3 55 theme bNAb 880:883 arg1 epitopes 885:892 multiple bNAb epitopes 871:892 multiple bNAb epitopes 871:892 They also have a native-like (i.e., abundant) oligomannose glycan composition and display multiple bNAb epitopes while occluding those for nonneutralizing antibodies. 26311893 3 56 theme nonneutralizing 920:934 arg1 antibodies 936:945 nonneutralizing antibodies 920:945 nonneutralizing antibodies 920:945 They also have a native-like (i.e., abundant) oligomannose glycan composition and display multiple bNAb epitopes while occluding those for nonneutralizing antibodies. 26311893 4 57 theme Foldon 989:994 arg1 gp140UNC-Fd-His 1035:1049 gp140UNC-Fd-His 1035:1049 gp140UNC-Fd-His 1035:1049 In contrast, uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His), based on the same env genes, very rarely form native-like trimers, a finding that is consistent with their antigenic and biophysical properties and glycan composition. 26311893 4 57 theme Foldon 989:994 arg1 proteins 1025:1032 uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins 961:1032 uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His) 961:1050 In contrast, uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His), based on the same env genes, very rarely form native-like trimers, a finding that is consistent with their antigenic and biophysical properties and glycan composition. 26311893 5 58 theme small 1440:1444 arg1 percentage 1446:1455 a small percentage 1438:1455 a small percentage of native-like trimers 1438:1478 The addition of a 20-residue flexible linker (FL20) between the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits to make the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct is not sufficient to create a native-like trimer, but a small percentage of native-like trimers were produced when an I559P substitution in gp41ECTO was also present. 26311893 7 59 theme disulfide 1746:1754 arg1 bond 1756:1759 the disulfide bond 1742:1759 the disulfide bond content 1742:1767 Analysis of the disulfide bond content shows that misfolded gp120 subunits are abundant in uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins but very rare in native-like trimer populations. 26311893 8 60 theme Env 2049:2051 arg1 proteins 2053:2060 trimeric Env proteins 2040:2060 trimeric Env proteins 2040:2060 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy are, therefore, all important influences on the quality of trimeric Env proteins and hence their suitability as vaccine components. 26311893 6 61 theme native-like 1686:1696 arg1 formation 1705:1713 native-like trimer formation 1686:1713 native-like trimer formation 1686:1713 The further addition of a disulfide bond (SOS) to link the gp120 and gp41 subunits in the uncleaved gp140-FL20-SOSIP protein increases native-like trimer formation to ∼20 to 30%. 26311893 14 62 theme trials 3085:3090 arg1 interpretation 3038:3051 interpretation 3038:3051 interpretation 3038:3051 We conclude that the most widely used versions of CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins do not resemble the trimeric Env glycoprotein on HIV-1 viruses, which has implications for the design and interpretation of ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins. 26311893 14 62 theme trials 3085:3090 arg1 design 3027:3032 design 3027:3032 design 3027:3032 We conclude that the most widely used versions of CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins do not resemble the trimeric Env glycoprotein on HIV-1 viruses, which has implications for the design and interpretation of ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins. 26311893 7 63 theme misfolded 1780:1788 arg1 subunits 1796:1803 misfolded gp120 subunits 1780:1803 misfolded gp120 subunits 1780:1803 Analysis of the disulfide bond content shows that misfolded gp120 subunits are abundant in uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins but very rare in native-like trimer populations. 26311893 7 64 theme content 1761:1767 arg1 Analysis 1730:1737 Analysis 1730:1737 Analysis of the disulfide bond content 1730:1767 Analysis of the disulfide bond content shows that misfolded gp120 subunits are abundant in uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins but very rare in native-like trimer populations. 26311893 2 65 theme electron 760:767 arg1 microscopy 769:778 negative-stain electron microscopy 745:778 negative-stain electron microscopy 745:778 When the recombinant trimers based on the env genes of isolates 92UG037.8 and CZA97.012 were made according to the SOSIP.664 design and purified by affinity chromatography using broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against quaternary epitopes (PGT145 and PGT151, respectively), the resulting trimers are highly stable and they are fully native-like when visualized by negative-stain electron microscopy. 26311893 5 66 theme ectodomain 1300:1309 arg1 subunits 1322:1329 the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits 1281:1329 the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits 1281:1329 The addition of a 20-residue flexible linker (FL20) between the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits to make the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct is not sufficient to create a native-like trimer, but a small percentage of native-like trimers were produced when an I559P substitution in gp41ECTO was also present. 26311893 14 67 theme proposed 3067:3074 arg1 trials 3085:3090 ongoing or proposed clinical trials 3056:3090 ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins 3056:3108 We conclude that the most widely used versions of CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins do not resemble the trimeric Env glycoprotein on HIV-1 viruses, which has implications for the design and interpretation of ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins. 26311893 1 68 theme env 242:244 arg1 genes 246:250 the env genes 238:250 the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C) 238:371 UNLABELLED We have investigated factors that influence the production of native-like soluble, recombinant trimers based on the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C). 26311893 2 69 theme env 416:418 arg1 genes 420:424 the env genes 412:424 the env genes of isolates 92UG037.8 and CZA97.012 412:460 When the recombinant trimers based on the env genes of isolates 92UG037.8 and CZA97.012 were made according to the SOSIP.664 design and purified by affinity chromatography using broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against quaternary epitopes (PGT145 and PGT151, respectively), the resulting trimers are highly stable and they are fully native-like when visualized by negative-stain electron microscopy. 26311893 13 70 theme Env 2821:2823 arg1 trimers 2825:2831 virus-associated Env trimers 2804:2831 virus-associated Env trimers 2804:2831 Here, we used the CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 env genes to compare some of these designs and determine which ones best mimic virus-associated Env trimers. 26311893 9 71 theme HIV-1 2178:2182 arg1 gene 2188:2191 the HIV-1 env gene 2174:2191 the HIV-1 env gene 2174:2191 IMPORTANCE Soluble, recombinant multimeric proteins based on the HIV-1 env gene are current candidate immunogens for vaccine trials in humans. 26311893 14 72 theme ongoing 3056:3062 arg1 trials 3085:3090 ongoing or proposed clinical trials 3056:3090 ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins 3056:3108 We conclude that the most widely used versions of CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins do not resemble the trimeric Env glycoprotein on HIV-1 viruses, which has implications for the design and interpretation of ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins. 26311893 2 73 theme neutralizing 560:571 arg1 bNAbs 585:589 bNAbs 585:589 bNAbs 585:589 When the recombinant trimers based on the env genes of isolates 92UG037.8 and CZA97.012 were made according to the SOSIP.664 design and purified by affinity chromatography using broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against quaternary epitopes (PGT145 and PGT151, respectively), the resulting trimers are highly stable and they are fully native-like when visualized by negative-stain electron microscopy. 26311893 2 73 theme neutralizing 560:571 arg1 antibodies 573:582 broadly neutralizing antibodies 552:582 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against quaternary epitopes (PGT145 and PGT151, respectively) 552:652 When the recombinant trimers based on the env genes of isolates 92UG037.8 and CZA97.012 were made according to the SOSIP.664 design and purified by affinity chromatography using broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against quaternary epitopes (PGT145 and PGT151, respectively), the resulting trimers are highly stable and they are fully native-like when visualized by negative-stain electron microscopy. 26311893 14 74 theme used 2867:2870 arg1 versions 2872:2879 the most widely used versions 2851:2879 the most widely used versions of CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins 2851:2930 We conclude that the most widely used versions of CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins do not resemble the trimeric Env glycoprotein on HIV-1 viruses, which has implications for the design and interpretation of ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins. 26311893 1 75 theme isolates 259:266 arg1 genes 246:250 the env genes 238:250 the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C) 238:371 UNLABELLED We have investigated factors that influence the production of native-like soluble, recombinant trimers based on the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C). 26311893 8 76 dep design 1919:1924 arg1 The 1915:1917 The 1915:1917 The 1915:1917 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy are, therefore, all important influences on the quality of trimeric Env proteins and hence their suitability as vaccine components. 26311893 10 77 theme virions 2422:2428 arg1 surfaces 2410:2417 the surfaces 2406:2417 the surfaces of virions 2406:2428 These proteins are generally designed to mimic the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions. 26311893 10 78 theme native 2307:2312 arg1 target 2363:2368 the target 2359:2368 the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions 2359:2428 These proteins are generally designed to mimic the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions. 26311893 10 78 theme native 2307:2312 arg1 Env 2346:2348 Env 2346:2348 Env 2346:2348 These proteins are generally designed to mimic the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions. 26311893 10 78 theme native 2307:2312 arg1 glycoprotein 2332:2343 the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein 2303:2343 the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions 2303:2428 These proteins are generally designed to mimic the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions. 26311893 5 79 theme uncleaved 1343:1351 arg1 construct 1374:1382 the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct 1339:1382 the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct 1339:1382 The addition of a 20-residue flexible linker (FL20) between the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits to make the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct is not sufficient to create a native-like trimer, but a small percentage of native-like trimers were produced when an I559P substitution in gp41ECTO was also present. 26311893 1 80 theme native-like 188:198 arg1 trimers 221:227 native-like soluble, recombinant trimers 188:227 native-like soluble, recombinant trimers based on the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C) 188:371 UNLABELLED We have investigated factors that influence the production of native-like soluble, recombinant trimers based on the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C). 26311893 8 81 from suitability 2078:2088 arg1 quality 2029:2035 the quality 2025:2035 the quality of trimeric Env proteins 2025:2060 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy are, therefore, all important influences on the quality of trimeric Env proteins and hence their suitability as vaccine components. 26311893 4 82 theme same 1066:1069 arg1 genes 1075:1079 the same env genes 1062:1079 the same env genes 1062:1079 In contrast, uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His), based on the same env genes, very rarely form native-like trimers, a finding that is consistent with their antigenic and biophysical properties and glycan composition. 26311893 5 83 theme gp140-FL20 1363:1372 arg1 construct 1374:1382 the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct 1339:1382 the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct 1339:1382 The addition of a 20-residue flexible linker (FL20) between the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits to make the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct is not sufficient to create a native-like trimer, but a small percentage of native-like trimers were produced when an I559P substitution in gp41ECTO was also present. 26311893 6 84 theme bond 1587:1590 arg1 addition 1563:1570 The further addition 1551:1570 The further addition of a disulfide bond (SOS) to link the gp120 and gp41 subunits in the uncleaved gp140-FL20-SOSIP protein 1551:1674 The further addition of a disulfide bond (SOS) to link the gp120 and gp41 subunits in the uncleaved gp140-FL20-SOSIP protein increases native-like trimer formation to ∼20 to 30%. 26311893 7 85 from proteins 1857:1864 arg1 abundant 1809:1816 abundant 1809:1816 abundant 1809:1816 Analysis of the disulfide bond content shows that misfolded gp120 subunits are abundant in uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins but very rare in native-like trimer populations. 26311893 11 86 theme Env-mimetic 2468:2478 arg1 protein 2480:2486 an Env-mimetic protein 2465:2486 an Env-mimetic protein 2465:2486 The underlying hypothesis is that an Env-mimetic protein may be able to induce antibodies that can neutralize the virus broadly and potently enough for a vaccine to be protective. 26311893 11 86 theme Env-mimetic 2468:2478 arg1 able 2495:2498 able 2495:2498 able 2495:2498 The underlying hypothesis is that an Env-mimetic protein may be able to induce antibodies that can neutralize the virus broadly and potently enough for a vaccine to be protective. 26311893 9 87 theme Soluble 2124:2130 arg1 immunogens 2215:2224 current candidate immunogens 2197:2224 current candidate immunogens for vaccine trials in humans 2197:2253 IMPORTANCE Soluble, recombinant multimeric proteins based on the HIV-1 env gene are current candidate immunogens for vaccine trials in humans. 26311893 9 87 theme Soluble 2124:2130 arg1 proteins 2156:2163 IMPORTANCE Soluble, recombinant multimeric proteins 2113:2163 IMPORTANCE Soluble, recombinant multimeric proteins based on the HIV-1 env gene 2113:2191 IMPORTANCE Soluble, recombinant multimeric proteins based on the HIV-1 env gene are current candidate immunogens for vaccine trials in humans. 26311893 1 88 theme trimers 221:227 arg1 production 174:183 the production 170:183 the production of native-like soluble, recombinant trimers based on the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C) 170:371 UNLABELLED We have investigated factors that influence the production of native-like soluble, recombinant trimers based on the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C). 26311893 12 89 theme Env-mimetic 2642:2652 arg1 trimers 2654:2660 Env-mimetic trimers 2642:2660 Env-mimetic trimers 2642:2660 Multiple different designs for Env-mimetic trimers have been put forth. 26311893 2 90 theme resulting 659:667 arg1 trimers 669:675 the resulting trimers 655:675 the resulting trimers 655:675 When the recombinant trimers based on the env genes of isolates 92UG037.8 and CZA97.012 were made according to the SOSIP.664 design and purified by affinity chromatography using broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against quaternary epitopes (PGT145 and PGT151, respectively), the resulting trimers are highly stable and they are fully native-like when visualized by negative-stain electron microscopy. 26311893 2 90 theme resulting 659:667 arg1 stable 688:693 stable 688:693 stable 688:693 When the recombinant trimers based on the env genes of isolates 92UG037.8 and CZA97.012 were made according to the SOSIP.664 design and purified by affinity chromatography using broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against quaternary epitopes (PGT145 and PGT151, respectively), the resulting trimers are highly stable and they are fully native-like when visualized by negative-stain electron microscopy. 26311893 14 91 theme Env 2961:2963 arg1 glycoprotein 2965:2976 the trimeric Env glycoprotein 2948:2976 the trimeric Env glycoprotein 2948:2976 We conclude that the most widely used versions of CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins do not resemble the trimeric Env glycoprotein on HIV-1 viruses, which has implications for the design and interpretation of ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins. 26311893 6 92 theme uncleaved 1641:1649 arg1 protein 1668:1674 the uncleaved gp140-FL20-SOSIP protein 1637:1674 the uncleaved gp140-FL20-SOSIP protein 1637:1674 The further addition of a disulfide bond (SOS) to link the gp120 and gp41 subunits in the uncleaved gp140-FL20-SOSIP protein increases native-like trimer formation to ∼20 to 30%. 26311893 2 93 theme affinity 522:529 arg1 chromatography 531:544 affinity chromatography 522:544 affinity chromatography using broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against quaternary epitopes (PGT145 and PGT151, respectively) 522:652 When the recombinant trimers based on the env genes of isolates 92UG037.8 and CZA97.012 were made according to the SOSIP.664 design and purified by affinity chromatography using broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against quaternary epitopes (PGT145 and PGT151, respectively), the resulting trimers are highly stable and they are fully native-like when visualized by negative-stain electron microscopy. 26311893 13 94 theme env 2725:2727 arg1 genes 2729:2733 92UG037.8 env genes 2715:2733 92UG037.8 env genes 2715:2733 Here, we used the CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 env genes to compare some of these designs and determine which ones best mimic virus-associated Env trimers. 26311893 12 95 theme Multiple 2611:2618 arg1 designs 2630:2636 Multiple different designs 2611:2636 Multiple different designs for Env-mimetic trimers 2611:2660 Multiple different designs for Env-mimetic trimers have been put forth. 26311893 5 96 theme 20-residue 1239:1248 arg1 FL20 1267:1270 FL20 1267:1270 FL20 1267:1270 The addition of a 20-residue flexible linker (FL20) between the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits to make the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct is not sufficient to create a native-like trimer, but a small percentage of native-like trimers were produced when an I559P substitution in gp41ECTO was also present. 26311893 5 96 theme 20-residue 1239:1248 arg1 linker 1259:1264 a 20-residue flexible linker 1237:1264 a 20-residue flexible linker (FL20) between the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits to make the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct 1237:1382 The addition of a 20-residue flexible linker (FL20) between the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits to make the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct is not sufficient to create a native-like trimer, but a small percentage of native-like trimers were produced when an I559P substitution in gp41ECTO was also present. 26311893 10 97 theme envelope 2323:2330 arg1 target 2363:2368 the target 2359:2368 the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions 2359:2428 These proteins are generally designed to mimic the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions. 26311893 10 97 theme envelope 2323:2330 arg1 Env 2346:2348 Env 2346:2348 Env 2346:2348 These proteins are generally designed to mimic the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions. 26311893 10 97 theme envelope 2323:2330 arg1 glycoprotein 2332:2343 the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein 2303:2343 the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions 2303:2428 These proteins are generally designed to mimic the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions. 26311893 8 98 theme design 1919:1924 arg1 influences 2011:2020 all important influences 1997:2020 all important influences on the quality of trimeric Env proteins 1997:2060 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy are, therefore, all important influences on the quality of trimeric Env proteins and hence their suitability as vaccine components. 26311893 8 98 theme design 1919:1924 arg1 strategy 1972:1979 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy 1915:1979 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy 1915:1979 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy are, therefore, all important influences on the quality of trimeric Env proteins and hence their suitability as vaccine components. 26311893 0 99 theme HIV-1 78:82 arg1 Glycoprotein 93:104 Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein 66:104 Soluble, Recombinant Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers 45:112 Influences on the Design and Purification of Soluble, Recombinant Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers. 26311893 14 100 gly glycoprotein 2965:2976 arg1 glycoprotein 2965:2976 the trimeric Env glycoprotein 2948:2976 the trimeric Env glycoprotein 2948:2976 We conclude that the most widely used versions of CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins do not resemble the trimeric Env glycoprotein on HIV-1 viruses, which has implications for the design and interpretation of ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins. 26311893 3 101 theme glycan 840:845 arg1 composition 847:857 a native-like (i.e., abundant) oligomannose glycan composition 796:857 a native-like (i.e., abundant) oligomannose glycan composition 796:857 They also have a native-like (i.e., abundant) oligomannose glycan composition and display multiple bNAb epitopes while occluding those for nonneutralizing antibodies. 26311893 2 102 theme isolates 429:436 arg1 genes 420:424 the env genes 412:424 the env genes of isolates 92UG037.8 and CZA97.012 412:460 When the recombinant trimers based on the env genes of isolates 92UG037.8 and CZA97.012 were made according to the SOSIP.664 design and purified by affinity chromatography using broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against quaternary epitopes (PGT145 and PGT151, respectively), the resulting trimers are highly stable and they are fully native-like when visualized by negative-stain electron microscopy. 26311893 6 103 theme gp140-FL20-SOSIP 1651:1666 arg1 protein 1668:1674 the uncleaved gp140-FL20-SOSIP protein 1637:1674 the uncleaved gp140-FL20-SOSIP protein 1637:1674 The further addition of a disulfide bond (SOS) to link the gp120 and gp41 subunits in the uncleaved gp140-FL20-SOSIP protein increases native-like trimer formation to ∼20 to 30%. 26311893 0 104 theme Glycoprotein 93:104 arg1 Trimers 106:112 Soluble, Recombinant Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers 45:112 Soluble, Recombinant Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers 45:112 Influences on the Design and Purification of Soluble, Recombinant Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers. 26311893 6 105 theme disulfide 1577:1585 arg1 SOS 1593:1595 SOS 1593:1595 SOS 1593:1595 The further addition of a disulfide bond (SOS) to link the gp120 and gp41 subunits in the uncleaved gp140-FL20-SOSIP protein increases native-like trimer formation to ∼20 to 30%. 26311893 6 105 theme disulfide 1577:1585 arg1 bond 1587:1590 a disulfide bond 1575:1590 a disulfide bond (SOS) 1575:1596 The further addition of a disulfide bond (SOS) to link the gp120 and gp41 subunits in the uncleaved gp140-FL20-SOSIP protein increases native-like trimer formation to ∼20 to 30%. 26311893 4 106 theme glycan 1201:1206 arg1 composition 1208:1218 glycan composition 1201:1218 glycan composition 1201:1218 In contrast, uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His), based on the same env genes, very rarely form native-like trimers, a finding that is consistent with their antigenic and biophysical properties and glycan composition. 26311893 4 106 theme glycan 1201:1206 arg1 trimers 1111:1117 native-like trimers 1099:1117 native-like trimers 1099:1117 In contrast, uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His), based on the same env genes, very rarely form native-like trimers, a finding that is consistent with their antigenic and biophysical properties and glycan composition. 26311893 9 107 theme current 2197:2203 arg1 immunogens 2215:2224 current candidate immunogens 2197:2224 current candidate immunogens for vaccine trials in humans 2197:2253 IMPORTANCE Soluble, recombinant multimeric proteins based on the HIV-1 env gene are current candidate immunogens for vaccine trials in humans. 26311893 9 107 theme current 2197:2203 arg1 proteins 2156:2163 IMPORTANCE Soluble, recombinant multimeric proteins 2113:2163 IMPORTANCE Soluble, recombinant multimeric proteins based on the HIV-1 env gene 2113:2191 IMPORTANCE Soluble, recombinant multimeric proteins based on the HIV-1 env gene are current candidate immunogens for vaccine trials in humans. 26311893 8 108 theme method 1944:1949 arg1 influences 2011:2020 all important influences 1997:2020 all important influences on the quality of trimeric Env proteins 1997:2060 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy are, therefore, all important influences on the quality of trimeric Env proteins and hence their suitability as vaccine components. 26311893 8 108 theme method 1944:1949 arg1 strategy 1972:1979 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy 1915:1979 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy 1915:1979 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy are, therefore, all important influences on the quality of trimeric Env proteins and hence their suitability as vaccine components. 26311893 3 109 theme multiple 871:878 arg1 epitopes 885:892 multiple bNAb epitopes 871:892 multiple bNAb epitopes 871:892 They also have a native-like (i.e., abundant) oligomannose glycan composition and display multiple bNAb epitopes while occluding those for nonneutralizing antibodies. 26311893 8 110 theme important 2001:2009 arg1 influences 2011:2020 all important influences 1997:2020 all important influences on the quality of trimeric Env proteins 1997:2060 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy are, therefore, all important influences on the quality of trimeric Env proteins and hence their suitability as vaccine components. 26311893 8 110 theme important 2001:2009 arg1 strategy 1972:1979 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy 1915:1979 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy 1915:1979 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy are, therefore, all important influences on the quality of trimeric Env proteins and hence their suitability as vaccine components. 26311893 5 111 theme gp120 1285:1289 arg1 subunits 1322:1329 the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits 1281:1329 the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits 1281:1329 The addition of a 20-residue flexible linker (FL20) between the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits to make the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct is not sufficient to create a native-like trimer, but a small percentage of native-like trimers were produced when an I559P substitution in gp41ECTO was also present. 26311893 7 112 theme CZA97.012 1831:1839 arg1 proteins 1857:1864 uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins 1821:1864 uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins 1821:1864 Analysis of the disulfide bond content shows that misfolded gp120 subunits are abundant in uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins but very rare in native-like trimer populations. 26311893 6 113 theme further 1555:1561 arg1 addition 1563:1570 The further addition 1551:1570 The further addition of a disulfide bond (SOS) to link the gp120 and gp41 subunits in the uncleaved gp140-FL20-SOSIP protein 1551:1674 The further addition of a disulfide bond (SOS) to link the gp120 and gp41 subunits in the uncleaved gp140-FL20-SOSIP protein increases native-like trimer formation to ∼20 to 30%. 26311893 5 114 theme native-like 1414:1424 arg1 trimer 1426:1431 a native-like trimer 1412:1431 a native-like trimer 1412:1431 The addition of a 20-residue flexible linker (FL20) between the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits to make the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct is not sufficient to create a native-like trimer, but a small percentage of native-like trimers were produced when an I559P substitution in gp41ECTO was also present. 26311893 5 115 theme linker 1259:1264 arg1 addition 1225:1232 The addition 1221:1232 The addition of a 20-residue flexible linker (FL20) between the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits to make the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct 1221:1382 The addition of a 20-residue flexible linker (FL20) between the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits to make the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct is not sufficient to create a native-like trimer, but a small percentage of native-like trimers were produced when an I559P substitution in gp41ECTO was also present. 26311893 5 115 theme linker 1259:1264 arg1 sufficient 1391:1400 sufficient 1391:1400 sufficient 1391:1400 The addition of a 20-residue flexible linker (FL20) between the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits to make the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct is not sufficient to create a native-like trimer, but a small percentage of native-like trimers were produced when an I559P substitution in gp41ECTO was also present. 26311893 9 116 theme vaccine 2230:2236 arg1 trials 2238:2243 vaccine trials 2230:2243 vaccine trials in humans 2230:2253 IMPORTANCE Soluble, recombinant multimeric proteins based on the HIV-1 env gene are current candidate immunogens for vaccine trials in humans. 26311893 14 117 theme proteins 2923:2930 arg1 versions 2872:2879 the most widely used versions 2851:2879 the most widely used versions of CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins 2851:2930 We conclude that the most widely used versions of CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins do not resemble the trimeric Env glycoprotein on HIV-1 viruses, which has implications for the design and interpretation of ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins. 26311893 1 118 theme immunodeficiency 277:292 arg1 type 300:303 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 271:305 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) 271:313 UNLABELLED We have investigated factors that influence the production of native-like soluble, recombinant trimers based on the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C). 26311893 1 118 theme immunodeficiency 277:292 arg1 HIV-1 308:312 HIV-1 308:312 HIV-1 308:312 UNLABELLED We have investigated factors that influence the production of native-like soluble, recombinant trimers based on the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C). 26311893 2 119 theme recombinant 383:393 arg1 trimers 395:401 the recombinant trimers 379:401 the recombinant trimers based on the env genes of isolates 92UG037.8 and CZA97.012 379:460 When the recombinant trimers based on the env genes of isolates 92UG037.8 and CZA97.012 were made according to the SOSIP.664 design and purified by affinity chromatography using broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against quaternary epitopes (PGT145 and PGT151, respectively), the resulting trimers are highly stable and they are fully native-like when visualized by negative-stain electron microscopy. 26311893 10 120 theme antibodies 2392:2401 arg1 target 2363:2368 the target 2359:2368 the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions 2359:2428 These proteins are generally designed to mimic the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions. 26311893 10 120 theme antibodies 2392:2401 arg1 glycoprotein 2332:2343 the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein 2303:2343 the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions 2303:2428 These proteins are generally designed to mimic the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions. 26311893 14 121 theme oligomeric 2908:2917 arg1 proteins 2923:2930 CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins 2884:2930 CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins 2884:2930 We conclude that the most widely used versions of CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins do not resemble the trimeric Env glycoprotein on HIV-1 viruses, which has implications for the design and interpretation of ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins. 26311893 1 122 theme type 300:303 arg1 92UG037.8 329:337 92UG037.8 329:337 92UG037.8 329:337 UNLABELLED We have investigated factors that influence the production of native-like soluble, recombinant trimers based on the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C). 26311893 1 122 theme type 300:303 arg1 CZA97.012 353:361 CZA97.012 353:361 CZA97.012 353:361 UNLABELLED We have investigated factors that influence the production of native-like soluble, recombinant trimers based on the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C). 26311893 1 122 theme type 300:303 arg1 isolates 259:266 two isolates 255:266 two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) 255:313 UNLABELLED We have investigated factors that influence the production of native-like soluble, recombinant trimers based on the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C). 26311893 0 123 dep Soluble 45:51 arg1 Recombinant 54:64 Recombinant 54:64 Recombinant 54:64 Influences on the Design and Purification of Soluble, Recombinant Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers. 26311893 14 124 dep design 3027:3032 arg1 the 3023:3025 the 3023:3025 the 3023:3025 We conclude that the most widely used versions of CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins do not resemble the trimeric Env glycoprotein on HIV-1 viruses, which has implications for the design and interpretation of ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins. 26311893 8 125 theme trimeric 2040:2047 arg1 proteins 2053:2060 trimeric Env proteins 2040:2060 trimeric Env proteins 2040:2060 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy are, therefore, all important influences on the quality of trimeric Env proteins and hence their suitability as vaccine components. 26311893 4 126 theme uncleaved 961:969 arg1 Fd 997:998 Fd 997:998 Fd 997:998 In contrast, uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His), based on the same env genes, very rarely form native-like trimers, a finding that is consistent with their antigenic and biophysical properties and glycan composition. 26311893 4 126 theme uncleaved 961:969 arg1 Foldon 989:994 uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon 961:994 uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His) 961:1050 In contrast, uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His), based on the same env genes, very rarely form native-like trimers, a finding that is consistent with their antigenic and biophysical properties and glycan composition. 26311893 1 127 dep soluble 200:206 arg1 recombinant 209:219 recombinant 209:219 recombinant 209:219 UNLABELLED We have investigated factors that influence the production of native-like soluble, recombinant trimers based on the env genes of two isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), specifically 92UG037.8 (clade A) and CZA97.012 (clade C). 26311893 8 128 theme stabilization 1930:1942 arg1 method 1944:1949 stabilization method 1930:1949 stabilization method 1930:1949 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy are, therefore, all important influences on the quality of trimeric Env proteins and hence their suitability as vaccine components. 26311893 0 129 theme Soluble 45:51 arg1 Trimers 106:112 Soluble, Recombinant Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers 45:112 Soluble, Recombinant Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers 45:112 Influences on the Design and Purification of Soluble, Recombinant Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers. 26311893 7 130 theme gp120 1790:1794 arg1 subunits 1796:1803 misfolded gp120 subunits 1780:1803 misfolded gp120 subunits 1780:1803 Analysis of the disulfide bond content shows that misfolded gp120 subunits are abundant in uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins but very rare in native-like trimer populations. 26311893 8 131 from influences 2011:2020 arg1 quality 2029:2035 the quality 2025:2035 the quality of trimeric Env proteins 2025:2060 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy are, therefore, all important influences on the quality of trimeric Env proteins and hence their suitability as vaccine components. 26311893 8 132 theme proteins 2053:2060 arg1 quality 2029:2035 the quality 2025:2035 the quality of trimeric Env proteins 2025:2060 The design and stabilization method and the purification strategy are, therefore, all important influences on the quality of trimeric Env proteins and hence their suitability as vaccine components. 26311893 10 133 theme virus-neutralizing 2373:2390 arg1 antibodies 2392:2401 virus-neutralizing antibodies 2373:2401 virus-neutralizing antibodies 2373:2401 These proteins are generally designed to mimic the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions. 26311893 6 134 theme trimer 1698:1703 arg1 formation 1705:1713 native-like trimer formation 1686:1713 native-like trimer formation 1686:1713 The further addition of a disulfide bond (SOS) to link the gp120 and gp41 subunits in the uncleaved gp140-FL20-SOSIP protein increases native-like trimer formation to ∼20 to 30%. 26311893 3 135 contain have 791:794 arg2 composition 847:857 a native-like (i.e., abundant) oligomannose glycan composition 796:857 a native-like (i.e., abundant) oligomannose glycan composition 796:857 They also have a native-like (i.e., abundant) oligomannose glycan composition and display multiple bNAb epitopes while occluding those for nonneutralizing antibodies. 26311893 3 135 contain have 791:794 arg1 They 781:784 They 781:784 They 781:784 They also have a native-like (i.e., abundant) oligomannose glycan composition and display multiple bNAb epitopes while occluding those for nonneutralizing antibodies. 26311893 0 136 dep Design 18:23 arg1 the 14:16 the 14:16 the 14:16 Influences on the Design and Purification of Soluble, Recombinant Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers. 26311893 7 137 theme bond 1756:1759 arg1 content 1761:1767 the disulfide bond content 1742:1767 the disulfide bond content 1742:1767 Analysis of the disulfide bond content shows that misfolded gp120 subunits are abundant in uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins but very rare in native-like trimer populations. 26311893 5 138 theme native-like 1460:1470 arg1 trimers 1472:1478 native-like trimers 1460:1478 native-like trimers 1460:1478 The addition of a 20-residue flexible linker (FL20) between the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain (gp41ECTO) subunits to make the uncleaved 92UG037.8 gp140-FL20 construct is not sufficient to create a native-like trimer, but a small percentage of native-like trimers were produced when an I559P substitution in gp41ECTO was also present. 26311893 10 139 from target 2363:2368 arg1 surfaces 2410:2417 the surfaces 2406:2417 the surfaces of virions 2406:2428 These proteins are generally designed to mimic the native trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is the target of virus-neutralizing antibodies on the surfaces of virions. 26311893 13 140 used used 2692:2695 arg2 we 2689:2690 we 2689:2690 we 2689:2690 Here, we used the CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 env genes to compare some of these designs and determine which ones best mimic virus-associated Env trimers. 26311893 14 141 theme clinical 3076:3083 arg1 trials 3085:3090 ongoing or proposed clinical trials 3056:3090 ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins 3056:3108 We conclude that the most widely used versions of CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins do not resemble the trimeric Env glycoprotein on HIV-1 viruses, which has implications for the design and interpretation of ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins. 26311893 14 142 from glycoprotein 2965:2976 arg1 viruses 2987:2993 HIV-1 viruses 2981:2993 HIV-1 viruses 2981:2993 We conclude that the most widely used versions of CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 oligomeric Env proteins do not resemble the trimeric Env glycoprotein on HIV-1 viruses, which has implications for the design and interpretation of ongoing or proposed clinical trials of these proteins. 26311893 4 143 with consistent 1138:1147 arg1 properties 1186:1195 their antigenic and biophysical properties 1154:1195 their antigenic and biophysical properties 1154:1195 In contrast, uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His), based on the same env genes, very rarely form native-like trimers, a finding that is consistent with their antigenic and biophysical properties and glycan composition. 26311893 6 144 dep 30 1725:1726 arg1 to 1722:1723 to 1722:1723 to 1722:1723 The further addition of a disulfide bond (SOS) to link the gp120 and gp41 subunits in the uncleaved gp140-FL20-SOSIP protein increases native-like trimer formation to ∼20 to 30%. 26311893 13 145 theme 92UG037.8 2715:2723 arg1 genes 2729:2733 92UG037.8 env genes 2715:2733 92UG037.8 env genes 2715:2733 Here, we used the CZA97.012 and 92UG037.8 env genes to compare some of these designs and determine which ones best mimic virus-associated Env trimers. 26311893 2 146 theme negative-stain 745:758 arg1 microscopy 769:778 negative-stain electron microscopy 745:778 negative-stain electron microscopy 745:778 When the recombinant trimers based on the env genes of isolates 92UG037.8 and CZA97.012 were made according to the SOSIP.664 design and purified by affinity chromatography using broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against quaternary epitopes (PGT145 and PGT151, respectively), the resulting trimers are highly stable and they are fully native-like when visualized by negative-stain electron microscopy. 26311893 2 147 dep epitopes 611:618 arg1 PGT151 632:637 PGT151 632:637 PGT151 632:637 When the recombinant trimers based on the env genes of isolates 92UG037.8 and CZA97.012 were made according to the SOSIP.664 design and purified by affinity chromatography using broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against quaternary epitopes (PGT145 and PGT151, respectively), the resulting trimers are highly stable and they are fully native-like when visualized by negative-stain electron microscopy. 26311893 2 147 dep epitopes 611:618 arg1 PGT145 621:626 PGT145 621:626 PGT145 621:626 When the recombinant trimers based on the env genes of isolates 92UG037.8 and CZA97.012 were made according to the SOSIP.664 design and purified by affinity chromatography using broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against quaternary epitopes (PGT145 and PGT151, respectively), the resulting trimers are highly stable and they are fully native-like when visualized by negative-stain electron microscopy. 26311893 2 147 dep epitopes 611:618 arg1 epitopes 611:618 quaternary epitopes 600:618 quaternary epitopes (PGT145 and PGT151, respectively) 600:652 When the recombinant trimers based on the env genes of isolates 92UG037.8 and CZA97.012 were made according to the SOSIP.664 design and purified by affinity chromatography using broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against quaternary epitopes (PGT145 and PGT151, respectively), the resulting trimers are highly stable and they are fully native-like when visualized by negative-stain electron microscopy. 28215986 0 0 link N-linked 99:106 arg1 glycosylation 108:120 N-linked glycosylation 99:120 N-linked glycosylation of CXCR3 99:129 The β4GalT1 affects the fibroblast-like synoviocytes invasion in rheumatoid arthritis by modifying N-linked glycosylation of CXCR3. 28215986 2 1 theme synoviocytes 354:365 arg1 invasiveness 322:333 the invasiveness 318:333 the invasiveness of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 318:400 It is reported that CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) can enhance the invasiveness of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 28215986 13 2 theme CXCR3 1237:1241 arg1 N-glycans 1224:1232 N-glycans 1224:1232 N-glycans of CXCR3 in RA 1224:1247 CONCLUSIONS β4GalT1 can regulate N-glycans of CXCR3 in RA. 28215986 5 3 theme CXCR3 619:623 arg1 N-glycosylation 600:614 The N-glycosylation 596:614 The N-glycosylation of CXCR3 596:623 The N-glycosylation of CXCR3 was detected by mass spectrometry and western-blot. 28215986 2 4 theme fibroblast-like 338:352 arg1 synoviocytes 354:365 fibroblast-like synoviocytes 338:365 fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) 338:371 It is reported that CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) can enhance the invasiveness of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 28215986 2 4 theme fibroblast-like 338:352 arg1 FLS 368:370 FLS 368:370 FLS 368:370 It is reported that CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) can enhance the invasiveness of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 28215986 4 5 theme mice 543:546 arg1 model 530:534 The model 526:534 METHODS The model of CIA mice 518:546 METHODS The model of CIA mice was established to explore the role of β4GalT1. 28215986 9 6 theme inflammatory 929:940 arg1 process 942:948 the inflammatory process 925:948 the inflammatory process of arthritis 925:961 RESULTS β4GalT1 can promote the inflammatory process of arthritis. 28215986 3 7 from β4GalT1 493:499 arg1 RA 514:515 RA 514:515 RA 514:515 This study aims to investigate the specific mechanism of β4GalT1 and relationship between β4GalT1 and CXCR3 in RA. 28215986 0 8 theme N-linked 99:106 arg1 glycosylation 108:120 N-linked glycosylation 99:120 N-linked glycosylation of CXCR3 99:129 The β4GalT1 affects the fibroblast-like synoviocytes invasion in rheumatoid arthritis by modifying N-linked glycosylation of CXCR3. 28215986 4 9 theme β4GalT1 587:593 arg1 role 579:582 the role 575:582 the role of β4GalT1 575:593 METHODS The model of CIA mice was established to explore the role of β4GalT1. 28215986 14 10 theme FLS 1321:1323 arg1 invasion 1325:1332 FLS invasion 1321:1332 FLS invasion 1321:1332 N-glycans of CXCR3 affects CXCL10/CXCR3 ligand-binding which enhancing FLS invasion. 28215986 0 11 theme CXCR3 125:129 arg1 glycosylation 108:120 N-linked glycosylation 99:120 N-linked glycosylation of CXCR3 99:129 The β4GalT1 affects the fibroblast-like synoviocytes invasion in rheumatoid arthritis by modifying N-linked glycosylation of CXCR3. 28215986 0 12 from invasion 53:60 arg1 arthritis 76:84 rheumatoid arthritis 65:84 rheumatoid arthritis 65:84 The β4GalT1 affects the fibroblast-like synoviocytes invasion in rheumatoid arthritis by modifying N-linked glycosylation of CXCR3. 28215986 3 13 from CXCR3 505:509 arg1 RA 514:515 RA 514:515 RA 514:515 This study aims to investigate the specific mechanism of β4GalT1 and relationship between β4GalT1 and CXCR3 in RA. 28215986 2 14 theme chemokine 277:285 arg1 receptor 287:294 CXC chemokine receptor 3 273:296 CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) 273:304 It is reported that CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) can enhance the invasiveness of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 28215986 2 14 theme chemokine 277:285 arg1 CXCR3 299:303 CXCR3 299:303 CXCR3 299:303 It is reported that CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) can enhance the invasiveness of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 28215986 8 15 theme ligand-receptor 843:857 arg1 interaction 859:869 ligand-receptor interaction 843:869 ligand-receptor interaction between CXCR3 and CXCL10 843:894 Flow cytometry analysis was applied to measure ligand-receptor interaction between CXCR3 and CXCL10. 28215986 9 16 theme arthritis 953:961 arg1 process 942:948 the inflammatory process 925:948 the inflammatory process of arthritis 925:961 RESULTS β4GalT1 can promote the inflammatory process of arthritis. 28215986 1 17 dep OBJECTIVE 132:140 arg1 up-regulated 198:209 up-regulated 198:209 is up-regulated in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice 195:250 OBJECTIVE The level of β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) is up-regulated in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. 28215986 2 18 theme rheumatoid 376:385 arg1 RA 398:399 RA 398:399 RA 398:399 It is reported that CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) can enhance the invasiveness of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 28215986 2 18 theme rheumatoid 376:385 arg1 arthritis 387:395 rheumatoid arthritis 376:395 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 376:400 It is reported that CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) can enhance the invasiveness of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 28215986 12 19 theme CXCR3 1116:1120 arg1 N-glycosylation 1097:1111 N-glycosylation 1097:1111 N-glycosylation of CXCR3 1097:1120 N-glycosylation of CXCR3 influences the ligand-receptor interaction between CXCR3 and CXCL10. 28215986 14 20 theme CXCL10/CXCR3 1277:1288 arg1 ligand-binding 1290:1303 CXCL10/CXCR3 ligand-binding 1277:1303 CXCL10/CXCR3 ligand-binding which enhancing FLS invasion 1277:1332 N-glycans of CXCR3 affects CXCL10/CXCR3 ligand-binding which enhancing FLS invasion. 28215986 0 21 gly glycosylation 108:120 arg1 CXCR3 125:129 CXCR3 125:129 CXCR3 125:129 The β4GalT1 affects the fibroblast-like synoviocytes invasion in rheumatoid arthritis by modifying N-linked glycosylation of CXCR3. 28215986 11 22 theme FLS 1073:1075 arg1 invasiveness 1057:1068 the invasiveness 1053:1068 the invasiveness of FLS 1053:1075 β4GalT1 can enhance the invasiveness of FLS by modifying CXCR3. 28215986 2 23 from invasiveness 322:333 arg1 RA 398:399 RA 398:399 RA 398:399 It is reported that CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) can enhance the invasiveness of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 28215986 2 23 from invasiveness 322:333 arg1 arthritis 387:395 rheumatoid arthritis 376:395 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 376:400 It is reported that CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) can enhance the invasiveness of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 28215986 3 24 theme specific 438:445 arg1 mechanism 447:455 the specific mechanism 434:455 the specific mechanism of β4GalT1 434:466 This study aims to investigate the specific mechanism of β4GalT1 and relationship between β4GalT1 and CXCR3 in RA. 28215986 4 25 theme CIA 539:541 arg1 mice 543:546 CIA mice 539:546 CIA mice 539:546 METHODS The model of CIA mice was established to explore the role of β4GalT1. 28215986 14 26 theme CXCR3 1263:1267 arg1 N-glycans 1250:1258 N-glycans 1250:1258 N-glycans of CXCR3 1250:1267 N-glycans of CXCR3 affects CXCL10/CXCR3 ligand-binding which enhancing FLS invasion. 28215986 1 27 theme collagen-induced 214:229 arg1 CIA 242:244 CIA 242:244 CIA 242:244 OBJECTIVE The level of β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) is up-regulated in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. 28215986 1 27 theme collagen-induced 214:229 arg1 arthritis 231:239 collagen-induced arthritis 214:239 collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice 214:250 OBJECTIVE The level of β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) is up-regulated in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. 28215986 0 28 theme synoviocytes 40:51 arg1 invasion 53:60 the fibroblast-like synoviocytes invasion 20:60 the fibroblast-like synoviocytes invasion in rheumatoid arthritis 20:84 The β4GalT1 affects the fibroblast-like synoviocytes invasion in rheumatoid arthritis by modifying N-linked glycosylation of CXCR3. 28215986 5 29 gly N-glycosylation 600:614 arg1 CXCR3 619:623 CXCR3 619:623 CXCR3 619:623 The N-glycosylation of CXCR3 was detected by mass spectrometry and western-blot. 28215986 1 30 theme arthritis 231:239 arg1 mice 247:250 collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice 214:250 collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice 214:250 OBJECTIVE The level of β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) is up-regulated in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. 28215986 0 31 theme fibroblast-like 24:38 arg1 synoviocytes 40:51 the fibroblast-like synoviocytes 20:51 the fibroblast-like synoviocytes invasion in rheumatoid arthritis 20:84 The β4GalT1 affects the fibroblast-like synoviocytes invasion in rheumatoid arthritis by modifying N-linked glycosylation of CXCR3. 28215986 7 32 theme truncted 758:765 arg1 MMP-1 767:771 The truncted MMP-1 754:771 The truncted MMP-1 754:771 The truncted MMP-1 was detected by ELISA. 28215986 10 33 gly N-glycosylated 974:987 arg1 CXCR3 964:968 CXCR3 964:968 CXCR3 964:968 CXCR3 was N-glycosylated and its glycosylation regulated by β4GalT1. 28215986 12 34 theme ligand-receptor 1137:1151 arg1 interaction 1153:1163 the ligand-receptor interaction 1133:1163 the ligand-receptor interaction between CXCR3 and CXCL10 1133:1188 N-glycosylation of CXCR3 influences the ligand-receptor interaction between CXCR3 and CXCL10. 28215986 5 35 theme mass 641:644 arg1 spectrometry 646:657 mass spectrometry 641:657 mass spectrometry 641:657 The N-glycosylation of CXCR3 was detected by mass spectrometry and western-blot. 28215986 8 36 theme Flow 796:799 arg1 analysis 811:818 Flow cytometry analysis 796:818 Flow cytometry analysis 796:818 Flow cytometry analysis was applied to measure ligand-receptor interaction between CXCR3 and CXCL10. 28215986 2 37 theme CXC 273:275 arg1 receptor 287:294 CXC chemokine receptor 3 273:296 CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) 273:304 It is reported that CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) can enhance the invasiveness of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 28215986 2 37 theme CXC 273:275 arg1 CXCR3 299:303 CXCR3 299:303 CXCR3 299:303 It is reported that CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) can enhance the invasiveness of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 28215986 3 38 theme β4GalT1 460:466 arg1 relationship 472:483 relationship 472:483 relationship between β4GalT1 and CXCR3 in RA 472:515 This study aims to investigate the specific mechanism of β4GalT1 and relationship between β4GalT1 and CXCR3 in RA. 28215986 3 38 theme β4GalT1 460:466 arg1 mechanism 447:455 the specific mechanism 434:455 the specific mechanism of β4GalT1 434:466 This study aims to investigate the specific mechanism of β4GalT1 and relationship between β4GalT1 and CXCR3 in RA. 28215986 12 39 gly N-glycosylation 1097:1111 arg1 CXCR3 1116:1120 CXCR3 1116:1120 CXCR3 1116:1120 N-glycosylation of CXCR3 influences the ligand-receptor interaction between CXCR3 and CXCL10. 28215986 13 40 from N-glycans 1224:1232 arg1 RA 1246:1247 RA 1246:1247 RA 1246:1247 CONCLUSIONS β4GalT1 can regulate N-glycans of CXCR3 in RA. 28215986 8 41 theme cytometry 801:809 arg1 analysis 811:818 Flow cytometry analysis 796:818 Flow cytometry analysis 796:818 Flow cytometry analysis was applied to measure ligand-receptor interaction between CXCR3 and CXCL10. 28215986 0 42 theme rheumatoid 65:74 arg1 arthritis 76:84 rheumatoid arthritis 65:84 rheumatoid arthritis 65:84 The β4GalT1 affects the fibroblast-like synoviocytes invasion in rheumatoid arthritis by modifying N-linked glycosylation of CXCR3. 28215986 4 43 dep METHODS 518:524 arg1 model 530:534 The model 526:534 METHODS The model of CIA mice 518:546 METHODS The model of CIA mice was established to explore the role of β4GalT1. 28215986 1 44 theme β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 155:181 arg1 level 146:150 The level 142:150 The level of β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) 142:193 OBJECTIVE The level of β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) is up-regulated in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. 26786498 7 0 theme typical 1003:1009 arg1 glycans 1021:1027 typical human IgG glycans 1003:1027 typical human IgG glycans 1003:1027 The neutral glycans are well resolved, including separation of high-mannose species from typical human IgG glycans. 26786498 10 1 theme glycosylation 1505:1517 arg1 sample 1487:1492 an example monoclonal antibody sample 1456:1492 an example monoclonal antibody sample of unknown glycosylation 1456:1517 These retention indices were used to aid identification of glycans from an example monoclonal antibody sample of unknown glycosylation. 26786498 7 2 theme species 990:996 arg1 separation 963:972 separation 963:972 separation of high-mannose species from typical human IgG glycans 963:1027 The neutral glycans are well resolved, including separation of high-mannose species from typical human IgG glycans. 26786498 8 3 theme exoglycosidase 1138:1151 arg1 digestion 1153:1161 selective exoglycosidase digestion 1128:1161 selective exoglycosidase digestion of both standards and released glycans 1128:1200 Oligosaccharide identification was performed by comparison to known standards in conjunction with selective exoglycosidase digestion of both standards and released glycans. 26786498 9 4 theme index 1355:1359 arg1 value 1361:1365 a retention index value 1343:1365 a retention index value for each glycan 1343:1381 Retention times (RTs) of known glycans were compared with the retention times of maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose standards to define a retention index value for each glycan. 26786498 2 5 theme reactor 352:358 arg1 conditions 360:369 reactor conditions 352:369 reactor conditions 352:369 Protein expression systems and reactor conditions can impact glycosylation, leading to potentially undesirable glycosylation. 26786498 8 6 theme standards 1171:1179 arg1 digestion 1153:1161 selective exoglycosidase digestion 1128:1161 selective exoglycosidase digestion of both standards and released glycans 1128:1200 Oligosaccharide identification was performed by comparison to known standards in conjunction with selective exoglycosidase digestion of both standards and released glycans. 26786498 4 7 from presence 555:562 arg1 domain 574:579 the Fc domain 567:579 the Fc domain 567:579 Their presence in the Fc domain has been linked to increased serum clearance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. 26786498 12 8 theme indices 1778:1784 arg1 precision 1786:1794 retention indices precision 1768:1794 retention indices precision 1768:1794 Comparing two systems with different analysts and columns, retention time precision relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 0.63 and 4.0% while retention indices precision RSDs ranged from 0.27 to 0.56%. 26786498 10 9 from identification 1425:1438 arg1 sample 1487:1492 an example monoclonal antibody sample 1456:1492 an example monoclonal antibody sample of unknown glycosylation 1456:1517 These retention indices were used to aid identification of glycans from an example monoclonal antibody sample of unknown glycosylation. 26786498 13 10 theme labeled 1906:1912 arg1 oligosaccharides 1918:1933 labeled IgG oligosaccharides 1906:1933 labeled IgG oligosaccharides 1906:1933 The separation is orthogonal to capillary electrophoresis-based separation of labeled IgG oligosaccharides. 26786498 5 11 gly glycoprotein 813:824 arg1 glycoprotein 813:824 glycoprotein therapeutics 813:837 glycoprotein therapeutics 813:837 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) is an effective tool for determining glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics. 26786498 13 12 theme oligosaccharides 1918:1933 arg1 separation 1892:1901 capillary electrophoresis-based separation 1860:1901 capillary electrophoresis-based separation of labeled IgG oligosaccharides 1860:1933 The separation is orthogonal to capillary electrophoresis-based separation of labeled IgG oligosaccharides. 26786498 1 13 theme protein 164:170 arg1 glycosylation 184:196 protein therapeutic glycosylation 164:196 protein therapeutic glycosylation 164:196 Understanding and characterizing protein therapeutic glycosylation is important with growing evidence that glycosylation impacts biological efficacy, pharmacokinetics and cellular toxicity. 26786498 5 14 theme present 802:808 arg1 glycans 794:800 glycans 794:800 glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics 794:837 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) is an effective tool for determining glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics. 26786498 9 15 theme Retention 1203:1211 arg1 RTs 1220:1222 RTs 1220:1222 RTs 1220:1222 Retention times (RTs) of known glycans were compared with the retention times of maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose standards to define a retention index value for each glycan. 26786498 9 15 theme Retention 1203:1211 arg1 times 1213:1217 Retention times 1203:1217 Retention times (RTs) of known glycans 1203:1240 Retention times (RTs) of known glycans were compared with the retention times of maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose standards to define a retention index value for each glycan. 26786498 2 16 theme Protein 321:327 arg1 systems 340:346 Protein expression systems 321:346 Protein expression systems 321:346 Protein expression systems and reactor conditions can impact glycosylation, leading to potentially undesirable glycosylation. 26786498 0 17 theme pulsed 100:105 arg1 detection 120:128 pulsed amperometric detection 100:128 pulsed amperometric detection 100:128 Profiling N-linked oligosaccharides from IgG by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. 26786498 8 18 theme released 1185:1192 arg1 glycans 1194:1200 released glycans 1185:1200 released glycans 1185:1200 Oligosaccharide identification was performed by comparison to known standards in conjunction with selective exoglycosidase digestion of both standards and released glycans. 26786498 12 19 theme relative 1699:1706 arg1 deviations 1717:1726 retention time precision relative standard deviations 1674:1726 retention time precision relative standard deviations (RSDs) 1674:1733 Comparing two systems with different analysts and columns, retention time precision relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 0.63 and 4.0% while retention indices precision RSDs ranged from 0.27 to 0.56%. 26786498 12 19 theme relative 1699:1706 arg1 RSDs 1729:1732 RSDs 1729:1732 RSDs 1729:1732 Comparing two systems with different analysts and columns, retention time precision relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 0.63 and 4.0% while retention indices precision RSDs ranged from 0.27 to 0.56%. 26786498 13 20 theme electrophoresis-based 1870:1890 arg1 separation 1892:1901 capillary electrophoresis-based separation 1860:1901 capillary electrophoresis-based separation of labeled IgG oligosaccharides 1860:1933 The separation is orthogonal to capillary electrophoresis-based separation of labeled IgG oligosaccharides. 26786498 5 21 theme pulsed 716:721 arg1 HPAE-PAD 747:754 HPAE-PAD 747:754 HPAE-PAD 747:754 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) is an effective tool for determining glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics. 26786498 5 21 theme pulsed 716:721 arg1 detection 736:744 pulsed amperometric detection 716:744 pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) 716:755 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) is an effective tool for determining glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics. 26786498 9 22 theme known 1228:1232 arg1 glycans 1234:1240 known glycans 1228:1240 known glycans 1228:1240 Retention times (RTs) of known glycans were compared with the retention times of maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose standards to define a retention index value for each glycan. 26786498 3 23 theme antibody 525:532 arg1 glycosylation 534:546 human antibody glycosylation 519:546 human antibody glycosylation 519:546 For example, high-mannose species may be present, which are atypical of human antibody glycosylation. 26786498 0 24 from IgG 41:43 arg1 oligosaccharides 19:34 N-linked oligosaccharides 10:34 N-linked oligosaccharides from IgG 10:43 Profiling N-linked oligosaccharides from IgG by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. 26786498 11 25 theme column 1602:1607 arg1 lots 1609:1612 triplicate column lots 1591:1612 triplicate column lots 1591:1612 Method ruggedness was evaluated across duplicate systems, analysts and triplicate column lots. 26786498 5 26 theme High-performance 664:679 arg1 chromatography 696:709 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography 664:709 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) 664:755 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) is an effective tool for determining glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics. 26786498 5 26 theme High-performance 664:679 arg1 tool 773:776 an effective tool 760:776 an effective tool for determining glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics 760:837 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) is an effective tool for determining glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics. 26786498 8 27 theme Oligosaccharide 1030:1044 arg1 identification 1046:1059 Oligosaccharide identification 1030:1059 Oligosaccharide identification 1030:1059 Oligosaccharide identification was performed by comparison to known standards in conjunction with selective exoglycosidase digestion of both standards and released glycans. 26786498 4 28 theme G 644:644 arg1 antibodies 652:661 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies 629:661 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies 629:661 Their presence in the Fc domain has been linked to increased serum clearance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. 26786498 9 29 theme retention 1345:1353 arg1 value 1361:1365 a retention index value 1343:1365 a retention index value for each glycan 1343:1381 Retention times (RTs) of known glycans were compared with the retention times of maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose standards to define a retention index value for each glycan. 26786498 10 30 theme example 1459:1465 arg1 sample 1487:1492 an example monoclonal antibody sample 1456:1492 an example monoclonal antibody sample of unknown glycosylation 1456:1517 These retention indices were used to aid identification of glycans from an example monoclonal antibody sample of unknown glycosylation. 26786498 7 31 theme neutral 918:924 arg1 glycans 926:932 The neutral glycans 914:932 The neutral glycans 914:932 The neutral glycans are well resolved, including separation of high-mannose species from typical human IgG glycans. 26786498 12 32 theme retention 1674:1682 arg1 deviations 1717:1726 retention time precision relative standard deviations 1674:1726 retention time precision relative standard deviations (RSDs) 1674:1733 Comparing two systems with different analysts and columns, retention time precision relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 0.63 and 4.0% while retention indices precision RSDs ranged from 0.27 to 0.56%. 26786498 12 32 theme retention 1674:1682 arg1 RSDs 1729:1732 RSDs 1729:1732 RSDs 1729:1732 Comparing two systems with different analysts and columns, retention time precision relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 0.63 and 4.0% while retention indices precision RSDs ranged from 0.27 to 0.56%. 26786498 8 33 with conjunction 1111:1121 arg1 digestion 1153:1161 selective exoglycosidase digestion 1128:1161 selective exoglycosidase digestion of both standards and released glycans 1128:1200 Oligosaccharide identification was performed by comparison to known standards in conjunction with selective exoglycosidase digestion of both standards and released glycans. 26786498 9 34 theme retention 1265:1273 arg1 times 1275:1279 the retention times 1261:1279 the retention times of maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose standards 1261:1331 Retention times (RTs) of known glycans were compared with the retention times of maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose standards to define a retention index value for each glycan. 26786498 12 35 theme precision 1689:1697 arg1 deviations 1717:1726 retention time precision relative standard deviations 1674:1726 retention time precision relative standard deviations (RSDs) 1674:1733 Comparing two systems with different analysts and columns, retention time precision relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 0.63 and 4.0% while retention indices precision RSDs ranged from 0.27 to 0.56%. 26786498 12 35 theme precision 1689:1697 arg1 RSDs 1729:1732 RSDs 1729:1732 RSDs 1729:1732 Comparing two systems with different analysts and columns, retention time precision relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 0.63 and 4.0% while retention indices precision RSDs ranged from 0.27 to 0.56%. 26786498 4 36 theme serum 610:614 arg1 clearance 616:624 increased serum clearance 600:624 increased serum clearance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies 600:661 Their presence in the Fc domain has been linked to increased serum clearance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. 26786498 0 37 theme high-performance 48:63 arg1 chromatography 80:93 high-performance anion-exchange chromatography 48:93 high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection 48:128 Profiling N-linked oligosaccharides from IgG by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. 26786498 10 38 theme antibody 1478:1485 arg1 sample 1487:1492 an example monoclonal antibody sample 1456:1492 an example monoclonal antibody sample of unknown glycosylation 1456:1517 These retention indices were used to aid identification of glycans from an example monoclonal antibody sample of unknown glycosylation. 26786498 2 39 theme undesirable 420:430 arg1 glycosylation 432:444 potentially undesirable glycosylation 408:444 potentially undesirable glycosylation 408:444 Protein expression systems and reactor conditions can impact glycosylation, leading to potentially undesirable glycosylation. 26786498 10 40 theme unknown 1497:1503 arg1 glycosylation 1505:1517 unknown glycosylation 1497:1517 unknown glycosylation 1497:1517 These retention indices were used to aid identification of glycans from an example monoclonal antibody sample of unknown glycosylation. 26786498 9 41 theme standards 1323:1331 arg1 times 1275:1279 the retention times 1261:1279 the retention times of maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose standards 1261:1331 Retention times (RTs) of known glycans were compared with the retention times of maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose standards to define a retention index value for each glycan. 26786498 5 42 from therapeutics 826:837 arg1 present 802:808 present 802:808 present 802:808 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) is an effective tool for determining glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics. 26786498 8 43 theme selective 1128:1136 arg1 digestion 1153:1161 selective exoglycosidase digestion 1128:1161 selective exoglycosidase digestion of both standards and released glycans 1128:1200 Oligosaccharide identification was performed by comparison to known standards in conjunction with selective exoglycosidase digestion of both standards and released glycans. 26786498 4 44 theme antibodies 652:661 arg1 clearance 616:624 increased serum clearance 600:624 increased serum clearance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies 600:661 Their presence in the Fc domain has been linked to increased serum clearance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. 26786498 5 45 theme effective 763:771 arg1 chromatography 696:709 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography 664:709 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) 664:755 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) is an effective tool for determining glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics. 26786498 5 45 theme effective 763:771 arg1 tool 773:776 an effective tool 760:776 an effective tool for determining glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics 760:837 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) is an effective tool for determining glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics. 26786498 7 46 theme human 1011:1015 arg1 glycans 1021:1027 typical human IgG glycans 1003:1027 typical human IgG glycans 1003:1027 The neutral glycans are well resolved, including separation of high-mannose species from typical human IgG glycans. 26786498 0 47 link N-linked 10:17 arg1 oligosaccharides 19:34 N-linked oligosaccharides 10:34 N-linked oligosaccharides from IgG 10:43 Profiling N-linked oligosaccharides from IgG by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. 26786498 0 48 with chromatography 80:93 arg1 detection 120:128 pulsed amperometric detection 100:128 pulsed amperometric detection 100:128 Profiling N-linked oligosaccharides from IgG by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. 26786498 7 49 theme high-mannose 977:988 arg1 species 990:996 high-mannose species 977:996 high-mannose species 977:996 The neutral glycans are well resolved, including separation of high-mannose species from typical human IgG glycans. 26786498 12 50 theme retention 1768:1776 arg1 indices 1778:1784 retention indices 1768:1784 retention indices precision 1768:1794 Comparing two systems with different analysts and columns, retention time precision relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 0.63 and 4.0% while retention indices precision RSDs ranged from 0.27 to 0.56%. 26786498 6 51 theme oligosaccharide 886:900 arg1 separation 902:911 IgG oligosaccharide separation 882:911 IgG oligosaccharide separation 882:911 We report an improved HPAE-PAD method for IgG oligosaccharide separation. 26786498 1 52 theme biological 260:269 arg1 efficacy 271:278 biological efficacy 260:278 biological efficacy 260:278 Understanding and characterizing protein therapeutic glycosylation is important with growing evidence that glycosylation impacts biological efficacy, pharmacokinetics and cellular toxicity. 26786498 11 53 theme triplicate 1591:1600 arg1 lots 1609:1612 triplicate column lots 1591:1612 triplicate column lots 1591:1612 Method ruggedness was evaluated across duplicate systems, analysts and triplicate column lots. 26786498 11 54 theme Method 1520:1525 arg1 ruggedness 1527:1536 Method ruggedness 1520:1536 Method ruggedness 1520:1536 Method ruggedness was evaluated across duplicate systems, analysts and triplicate column lots. 26786498 13 55 theme IgG 1914:1916 arg1 oligosaccharides 1918:1933 labeled IgG oligosaccharides 1906:1933 labeled IgG oligosaccharides 1906:1933 The separation is orthogonal to capillary electrophoresis-based separation of labeled IgG oligosaccharides. 26786498 5 56 with chromatography 696:709 arg1 HPAE-PAD 747:754 HPAE-PAD 747:754 HPAE-PAD 747:754 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) is an effective tool for determining glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics. 26786498 5 56 with chromatography 696:709 arg1 detection 736:744 pulsed amperometric detection 716:744 pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) 716:755 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) is an effective tool for determining glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics. 26786498 10 57 used used 1413:1416 arg2 indices 1400:1406 These retention indices 1384:1406 These retention indices 1384:1406 These retention indices were used to aid identification of glycans from an example monoclonal antibody sample of unknown glycosylation. 26786498 10 58 theme retention 1390:1398 arg1 indices 1400:1406 These retention indices 1384:1406 These retention indices 1384:1406 These retention indices were used to aid identification of glycans from an example monoclonal antibody sample of unknown glycosylation. 26786498 1 59 theme therapeutic 172:182 arg1 glycosylation 184:196 protein therapeutic glycosylation 164:196 protein therapeutic glycosylation 164:196 Understanding and characterizing protein therapeutic glycosylation is important with growing evidence that glycosylation impacts biological efficacy, pharmacokinetics and cellular toxicity. 26786498 6 60 theme HPAE-PAD 862:869 arg1 method 871:876 an improved HPAE-PAD method 850:876 an improved HPAE-PAD method for IgG oligosaccharide separation 850:911 We report an improved HPAE-PAD method for IgG oligosaccharide separation. 26786498 2 61 theme expression 329:338 arg1 systems 340:346 Protein expression systems 321:346 Protein expression systems 321:346 Protein expression systems and reactor conditions can impact glycosylation, leading to potentially undesirable glycosylation. 26786498 0 62 theme amperometric 107:118 arg1 detection 120:128 pulsed amperometric detection 100:128 pulsed amperometric detection 100:128 Profiling N-linked oligosaccharides from IgG by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. 26786498 8 63 theme glycans 1194:1200 arg1 digestion 1153:1161 selective exoglycosidase digestion 1128:1161 selective exoglycosidase digestion of both standards and released glycans 1128:1200 Oligosaccharide identification was performed by comparison to known standards in conjunction with selective exoglycosidase digestion of both standards and released glycans. 26786498 12 64 theme standard 1708:1715 arg1 deviations 1717:1726 retention time precision relative standard deviations 1674:1726 retention time precision relative standard deviations (RSDs) 1674:1733 Comparing two systems with different analysts and columns, retention time precision relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 0.63 and 4.0% while retention indices precision RSDs ranged from 0.27 to 0.56%. 26786498 12 64 theme standard 1708:1715 arg1 RSDs 1729:1732 RSDs 1729:1732 RSDs 1729:1732 Comparing two systems with different analysts and columns, retention time precision relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 0.63 and 4.0% while retention indices precision RSDs ranged from 0.27 to 0.56%. 26786498 5 65 theme glycoprotein 813:824 arg1 therapeutics 826:837 glycoprotein therapeutics 813:837 glycoprotein therapeutics 813:837 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) is an effective tool for determining glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics. 26786498 4 66 theme increased 600:608 arg1 clearance 616:624 increased serum clearance 600:624 increased serum clearance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies 600:661 Their presence in the Fc domain has been linked to increased serum clearance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. 26786498 13 67 theme capillary 1860:1868 arg1 separation 1892:1901 capillary electrophoresis-based separation 1860:1901 capillary electrophoresis-based separation of labeled IgG oligosaccharides 1860:1933 The separation is orthogonal to capillary electrophoresis-based separation of labeled IgG oligosaccharides. 26786498 3 68 theme high-mannose 460:471 arg1 species 473:479 high-mannose species 460:479 high-mannose species 460:479 For example, high-mannose species may be present, which are atypical of human antibody glycosylation. 26786498 4 69 theme Fc 571:572 arg1 domain 574:579 the Fc domain 567:579 the Fc domain 567:579 Their presence in the Fc domain has been linked to increased serum clearance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. 26786498 10 70 theme glycans 1443:1449 arg1 identification 1425:1438 identification 1425:1438 identification of glycans from an example monoclonal antibody sample of unknown glycosylation 1425:1517 These retention indices were used to aid identification of glycans from an example monoclonal antibody sample of unknown glycosylation. 26786498 5 71 theme amperometric 723:734 arg1 HPAE-PAD 747:754 HPAE-PAD 747:754 HPAE-PAD 747:754 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) is an effective tool for determining glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics. 26786498 5 71 theme amperometric 723:734 arg1 detection 736:744 pulsed amperometric detection 716:744 pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) 716:755 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) is an effective tool for determining glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics. 26786498 10 72 from sample 1487:1492 arg1 glycans 1443:1449 glycans 1443:1449 glycans from an example monoclonal antibody sample of unknown glycosylation 1443:1517 These retention indices were used to aid identification of glycans from an example monoclonal antibody sample of unknown glycosylation. 26786498 10 72 from sample 1487:1492 arg1 identification 1425:1438 identification 1425:1438 identification of glycans from an example monoclonal antibody sample of unknown glycosylation 1425:1517 These retention indices were used to aid identification of glycans from an example monoclonal antibody sample of unknown glycosylation. 26786498 7 73 from glycans 1021:1027 arg1 separation 963:972 separation 963:972 separation of high-mannose species from typical human IgG glycans 963:1027 The neutral glycans are well resolved, including separation of high-mannose species from typical human IgG glycans. 26786498 9 74 theme glycans 1234:1240 arg1 RTs 1220:1222 RTs 1220:1222 RTs 1220:1222 Retention times (RTs) of known glycans were compared with the retention times of maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose standards to define a retention index value for each glycan. 26786498 9 74 theme glycans 1234:1240 arg1 times 1213:1217 Retention times 1203:1217 Retention times (RTs) of known glycans 1203:1240 Retention times (RTs) of known glycans were compared with the retention times of maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose standards to define a retention index value for each glycan. 26786498 3 75 theme glycosylation 534:546 arg1 atypical 507:514 atypical 507:514 atypical 507:514 For example, high-mannose species may be present, which are atypical of human antibody glycosylation. 26786498 0 76 theme N-linked 10:17 arg1 oligosaccharides 19:34 N-linked oligosaccharides 10:34 N-linked oligosaccharides from IgG 10:43 Profiling N-linked oligosaccharides from IgG by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. 26786498 10 77 theme monoclonal 1467:1476 arg1 sample 1487:1492 an example monoclonal antibody sample 1456:1492 an example monoclonal antibody sample of unknown glycosylation 1456:1517 These retention indices were used to aid identification of glycans from an example monoclonal antibody sample of unknown glycosylation. 26786498 3 78 theme human 519:523 arg1 glycosylation 534:546 human antibody glycosylation 519:546 human antibody glycosylation 519:546 For example, high-mannose species may be present, which are atypical of human antibody glycosylation. 26786498 6 79 theme improved 853:860 arg1 method 871:876 an improved HPAE-PAD method 850:876 an improved HPAE-PAD method for IgG oligosaccharide separation 850:911 We report an improved HPAE-PAD method for IgG oligosaccharide separation. 26786498 5 80 theme anion-exchange 681:694 arg1 chromatography 696:709 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography 664:709 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) 664:755 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) is an effective tool for determining glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics. 26786498 5 80 theme anion-exchange 681:694 arg1 tool 773:776 an effective tool 760:776 an effective tool for determining glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics 760:837 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) is an effective tool for determining glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics. 26786498 12 81 dep RSDs 1796:1799 arg1 ranged 1801:1806 ranged 1801:1806 RSDs ranged from 0.27 to 0.56% 1796:1825 Comparing two systems with different analysts and columns, retention time precision relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 0.63 and 4.0% while retention indices precision RSDs ranged from 0.27 to 0.56%. 26786498 5 82 attach present 802:808 arg1 therapeutics 826:837 glycoprotein therapeutics 813:837 glycoprotein therapeutics 813:837 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) is an effective tool for determining glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics. 26786498 5 82 attach present 802:808 arg2 glycans 794:800 glycans 794:800 glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics 794:837 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) is an effective tool for determining glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics. 26786498 8 83 from standards 1098:1106 arg1 conjunction 1111:1121 conjunction 1111:1121 conjunction with selective exoglycosidase digestion of both standards and released glycans 1111:1200 Oligosaccharide identification was performed by comparison to known standards in conjunction with selective exoglycosidase digestion of both standards and released glycans. 26786498 6 84 theme IgG 882:884 arg1 separation 902:911 IgG oligosaccharide separation 882:911 IgG oligosaccharide separation 882:911 We report an improved HPAE-PAD method for IgG oligosaccharide separation. 26786498 1 85 theme cellular 302:309 arg1 toxicity 311:318 cellular toxicity 302:318 cellular toxicity 302:318 Understanding and characterizing protein therapeutic glycosylation is important with growing evidence that glycosylation impacts biological efficacy, pharmacokinetics and cellular toxicity. 26786498 0 86 theme anion-exchange 65:78 arg1 chromatography 80:93 high-performance anion-exchange chromatography 48:93 high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection 48:128 Profiling N-linked oligosaccharides from IgG by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. 26786498 12 87 theme time 1684:1687 arg1 deviations 1717:1726 retention time precision relative standard deviations 1674:1726 retention time precision relative standard deviations (RSDs) 1674:1733 Comparing two systems with different analysts and columns, retention time precision relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 0.63 and 4.0% while retention indices precision RSDs ranged from 0.27 to 0.56%. 26786498 12 87 theme time 1684:1687 arg1 RSDs 1729:1732 RSDs 1729:1732 RSDs 1729:1732 Comparing two systems with different analysts and columns, retention time precision relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 0.63 and 4.0% while retention indices precision RSDs ranged from 0.27 to 0.56%. 26786498 4 88 theme immunoglobulin 629:642 arg1 IgG 647:649 IgG 647:649 IgG 647:649 Their presence in the Fc domain has been linked to increased serum clearance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. 26786498 4 88 theme immunoglobulin 629:642 arg1 G 644:644 immunoglobulin G 629:644 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies 629:661 Their presence in the Fc domain has been linked to increased serum clearance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. 26786498 9 89 theme maltose 1284:1290 arg1 standards 1323:1331 maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose standards 1284:1331 maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose standards 1284:1331 Retention times (RTs) of known glycans were compared with the retention times of maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose standards to define a retention index value for each glycan. 26786498 4 90 attach linked 590:595 arg2 presence 555:562 Their presence 549:562 Their presence in the Fc domain 549:579 Their presence in the Fc domain has been linked to increased serum clearance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. 26786498 4 90 attach linked 590:595 arg1 clearance 616:624 increased serum clearance 600:624 increased serum clearance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies 600:661 Their presence in the Fc domain has been linked to increased serum clearance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. 26786498 12 91 theme different 1642:1650 arg1 analysts 1652:1659 different analysts 1642:1659 different analysts 1642:1659 Comparing two systems with different analysts and columns, retention time precision relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 0.63 and 4.0% while retention indices precision RSDs ranged from 0.27 to 0.56%. 26786498 12 92 dep 0.56 1821:1824 arg1 to 1818:1819 to 1818:1819 to 1818:1819 Comparing two systems with different analysts and columns, retention time precision relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 0.63 and 4.0% while retention indices precision RSDs ranged from 0.27 to 0.56%. 26786498 9 93 theme maltotriose 1293:1303 arg1 standards 1323:1331 maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose standards 1284:1331 maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose standards 1284:1331 Retention times (RTs) of known glycans were compared with the retention times of maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose standards to define a retention index value for each glycan. 26786498 5 94 from present 802:808 arg1 therapeutics 826:837 glycoprotein therapeutics 813:837 glycoprotein therapeutics 813:837 High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) is an effective tool for determining glycans present in glycoprotein therapeutics. 26786498 8 95 theme known 1092:1096 arg1 standards 1098:1106 known standards 1092:1106 known standards in conjunction with selective exoglycosidase digestion of both standards and released glycans 1092:1200 Oligosaccharide identification was performed by comparison to known standards in conjunction with selective exoglycosidase digestion of both standards and released glycans. 26786498 11 96 theme duplicate 1559:1567 arg1 systems 1569:1575 duplicate systems 1559:1575 duplicate systems 1559:1575 Method ruggedness was evaluated across duplicate systems, analysts and triplicate column lots. 26786498 9 97 theme maltotetraose 1309:1321 arg1 standards 1323:1331 maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose standards 1284:1331 maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose standards 1284:1331 Retention times (RTs) of known glycans were compared with the retention times of maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose standards to define a retention index value for each glycan. 26786498 7 98 theme IgG 1017:1019 arg1 glycans 1021:1027 typical human IgG glycans 1003:1027 typical human IgG glycans 1003:1027 The neutral glycans are well resolved, including separation of high-mannose species from typical human IgG glycans. 26246391 2 0 theme substituted 511:521 arg1 allenes 523:529 fully substituted allenes 505:529 fully substituted allenes 505:529 Here we show the commercially available simple Rh complex may catalyse the CMD (concerted metalation/deprotonation)-based reaction of the readily available arenes with sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates at ambient temperature affording fully substituted allenes. 26246391 2 1 with reaction 373:380 arg1 carbonates 461:470 sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates 419:470 sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates 419:470 Here we show the commercially available simple Rh complex may catalyse the CMD (concerted metalation/deprotonation)-based reaction of the readily available arenes with sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates at ambient temperature affording fully substituted allenes. 26246391 2 2 theme concerted 331:339 arg1 metalation/deprotonation 341:364 concerted metalation/deprotonation 331:364 concerted metalation/deprotonation 331:364 Here we show the commercially available simple Rh complex may catalyse the CMD (concerted metalation/deprotonation)-based reaction of the readily available arenes with sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates at ambient temperature affording fully substituted allenes. 26246391 4 3 theme active 798:803 arg1 carbonate 805:813 an optically active carbonate 785:813 an optically active carbonate 785:813 When an optically active carbonate was used, surprisingly high efficiency of chirality transfer was realized, affording fully substituted allenes in excellent enantiomeric excess (ee). 26246391 2 4 theme available 281:289 arg1 complex 301:307 the commercially available simple Rh complex 264:307 the commercially available simple Rh complex 264:307 Here we show the commercially available simple Rh complex may catalyse the CMD (concerted metalation/deprotonation)-based reaction of the readily available arenes with sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates at ambient temperature affording fully substituted allenes. 26246391 2 5 theme simple 291:296 arg1 complex 301:307 the commercially available simple Rh complex 264:307 the commercially available simple Rh complex 264:307 Here we show the commercially available simple Rh complex may catalyse the CMD (concerted metalation/deprotonation)-based reaction of the readily available arenes with sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates at ambient temperature affording fully substituted allenes. 26246391 4 6 theme chirality 857:865 arg1 transfer 867:874 chirality transfer 857:874 chirality transfer 857:874 When an optically active carbonate was used, surprisingly high efficiency of chirality transfer was realized, affording fully substituted allenes in excellent enantiomeric excess (ee). 26246391 2 7 dep -based 366:371 arg1 metalation/deprotonation 341:364 concerted metalation/deprotonation 331:364 concerted metalation/deprotonation 331:364 Here we show the commercially available simple Rh complex may catalyse the CMD (concerted metalation/deprotonation)-based reaction of the readily available arenes with sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates at ambient temperature affording fully substituted allenes. 26246391 1 8 theme non-rigid 171:179 arg1 nature 181:186 the non-rigid nature 167:186 the non-rigid nature of the axial chirality, which spreads over three carbon atoms 167:248 Enantioselective synthesis of fully substituted allenes has been a challenge due to the non-rigid nature of the axial chirality, which spreads over three carbon atoms. 26246391 3 9 theme steric 728:733 arg1 effect 735:740 the steric effect 724:740 the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 683:777 It is confirmed that the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion is induced by the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom. 26246391 1 10 theme Enantioselective 83:98 arg1 challenge 150:158 a challenge 148:158 a challenge due to the non-rigid nature of the axial chirality, which spreads over three carbon atoms 148:248 Enantioselective synthesis of fully substituted allenes has been a challenge due to the non-rigid nature of the axial chirality, which spreads over three carbon atoms. 26246391 1 10 theme Enantioselective 83:98 arg1 synthesis 100:108 Enantioselective synthesis 83:108 Enantioselective synthesis of fully substituted allenes 83:137 Enantioselective synthesis of fully substituted allenes has been a challenge due to the non-rigid nature of the axial chirality, which spreads over three carbon atoms. 26246391 3 11 from coordination 645:656 arg1 effect 735:740 the steric effect 724:740 the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 683:777 It is confirmed that the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion is induced by the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom. 26246391 3 11 from coordination 645:656 arg1 atom 774:777 the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 745:777 the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 745:777 It is confirmed that the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion is induced by the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom. 26246391 3 11 from coordination 645:656 arg1 group 707:711 the directing carbonate group 683:711 the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 683:777 It is confirmed that the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion is induced by the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom. 26246391 0 12 theme C-H 2:4 arg1 approach 38:45 A C-H bond activation-based catalytic approach 0:45 A C-H bond activation-based catalytic approach to tetrasubstituted chiral allenes 0:80 A C-H bond activation-based catalytic approach to tetrasubstituted chiral allenes. 26246391 3 13 theme C-C 601:603 arg1 insertion 617:625 the C-C triple bond insertion 597:625 the C-C triple bond insertion 597:625 It is confirmed that the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion is induced by the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom. 26246391 2 14 theme propargylic 449:459 arg1 carbonates 461:470 sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates 419:470 sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates 419:470 Here we show the commercially available simple Rh complex may catalyse the CMD (concerted metalation/deprotonation)-based reaction of the readily available arenes with sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates at ambient temperature affording fully substituted allenes. 26246391 3 15 theme carbon 767:772 arg1 atom 774:777 the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 745:777 the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 745:777 It is confirmed that the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion is induced by the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom. 26246391 4 16 theme transfer 867:874 arg1 efficiency 843:852 surprisingly high efficiency 825:852 surprisingly high efficiency of chirality transfer 825:874 When an optically active carbonate was used, surprisingly high efficiency of chirality transfer was realized, affording fully substituted allenes in excellent enantiomeric excess (ee). 26246391 3 17 theme triple 605:610 arg1 insertion 617:625 the C-C triple bond insertion 597:625 the C-C triple bond insertion 597:625 It is confirmed that the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion is induced by the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom. 26246391 2 18 theme tertiary 440:447 arg1 carbonates 461:470 sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates 419:470 sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates 419:470 Here we show the commercially available simple Rh complex may catalyse the CMD (concerted metalation/deprotonation)-based reaction of the readily available arenes with sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates at ambient temperature affording fully substituted allenes. 26246391 3 19 theme atom 774:777 arg1 effect 735:740 the steric effect 724:740 the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 683:777 It is confirmed that the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion is induced by the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom. 26246391 3 19 theme atom 774:777 arg1 atom 774:777 the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 745:777 the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 745:777 It is confirmed that the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion is induced by the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom. 26246391 3 19 theme atom 774:777 arg1 group 707:711 the directing carbonate group 683:711 the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 683:777 It is confirmed that the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion is induced by the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom. 26246391 2 20 theme Rh 298:299 arg1 complex 301:307 the commercially available simple Rh complex 264:307 the commercially available simple Rh complex 264:307 Here we show the commercially available simple Rh complex may catalyse the CMD (concerted metalation/deprotonation)-based reaction of the readily available arenes with sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates at ambient temperature affording fully substituted allenes. 26246391 4 21 used used 819:822 arg2 carbonate 805:813 an optically active carbonate 785:813 an optically active carbonate 785:813 When an optically active carbonate was used, surprisingly high efficiency of chirality transfer was realized, affording fully substituted allenes in excellent enantiomeric excess (ee). 26246391 1 22 theme axial 195:199 arg1 chirality 201:209 the axial chirality 191:209 the axial chirality 191:209 Enantioselective synthesis of fully substituted allenes has been a challenge due to the non-rigid nature of the axial chirality, which spreads over three carbon atoms. 26246391 2 23 theme congested 430:438 arg1 carbonates 461:470 sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates 419:470 sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates 419:470 Here we show the commercially available simple Rh complex may catalyse the CMD (concerted metalation/deprotonation)-based reaction of the readily available arenes with sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates at ambient temperature affording fully substituted allenes. 26246391 3 24 theme tertiary 749:756 arg1 atom 774:777 the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 745:777 the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 745:777 It is confirmed that the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion is induced by the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom. 26246391 4 25 theme enantiomeric 939:950 arg1 excess 952:957 excellent enantiomeric excess 929:957 excellent enantiomeric excess (ee) 929:962 When an optically active carbonate was used, surprisingly high efficiency of chirality transfer was realized, affording fully substituted allenes in excellent enantiomeric excess (ee). 26246391 4 25 theme enantiomeric 939:950 arg1 ee 960:961 ee 960:961 ee 960:961 When an optically active carbonate was used, surprisingly high efficiency of chirality transfer was realized, affording fully substituted allenes in excellent enantiomeric excess (ee). 26246391 3 26 theme group 674:678 arg1 coordination 645:656 the coordination 641:656 the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 641:777 It is confirmed that the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion is induced by the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom. 26246391 1 27 theme substituted 119:129 arg1 allenes 131:137 fully substituted allenes 113:137 fully substituted allenes 113:137 Enantioselective synthesis of fully substituted allenes has been a challenge due to the non-rigid nature of the axial chirality, which spreads over three carbon atoms. 26246391 2 28 theme ambient 475:481 arg1 temperature 483:493 ambient temperature 475:493 ambient temperature affording fully substituted allenes 475:529 Here we show the commercially available simple Rh complex may catalyse the CMD (concerted metalation/deprotonation)-based reaction of the readily available arenes with sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates at ambient temperature affording fully substituted allenes. 26246391 1 29 theme chirality 201:209 arg1 nature 181:186 the non-rigid nature 167:186 the non-rigid nature of the axial chirality, which spreads over three carbon atoms 167:248 Enantioselective synthesis of fully substituted allenes has been a challenge due to the non-rigid nature of the axial chirality, which spreads over three carbon atoms. 26246391 3 30 theme O-linked 758:765 arg1 atom 774:777 the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 745:777 the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 745:777 It is confirmed that the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion is induced by the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom. 26246391 2 31 theme arenes 407:412 arg1 reaction 373:380 the CMD (concerted metalation/deprotonation)-based reaction 322:380 the CMD (concerted metalation/deprotonation)-based reaction of the readily available arenes with sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates 322:470 Here we show the commercially available simple Rh complex may catalyse the CMD (concerted metalation/deprotonation)-based reaction of the readily available arenes with sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates at ambient temperature affording fully substituted allenes. 26246391 0 32 theme catalytic 28:36 arg1 approach 38:45 A C-H bond activation-based catalytic approach 0:45 A C-H bond activation-based catalytic approach to tetrasubstituted chiral allenes 0:80 A C-H bond activation-based catalytic approach to tetrasubstituted chiral allenes. 26246391 0 33 theme activation-based 11:26 arg1 approach 38:45 A C-H bond activation-based catalytic approach 0:45 A C-H bond activation-based catalytic approach to tetrasubstituted chiral allenes 0:80 A C-H bond activation-based catalytic approach to tetrasubstituted chiral allenes. 26246391 2 34 theme available 397:405 arg1 arenes 407:412 the readily available arenes 385:412 the readily available arenes 385:412 Here we show the commercially available simple Rh complex may catalyse the CMD (concerted metalation/deprotonation)-based reaction of the readily available arenes with sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates at ambient temperature affording fully substituted allenes. 26246391 0 35 theme tetrasubstituted 50:65 arg1 allenes 74:80 tetrasubstituted chiral allenes 50:80 tetrasubstituted chiral allenes 50:80 A C-H bond activation-based catalytic approach to tetrasubstituted chiral allenes. 26246391 3 36 theme carbonyl 665:672 arg1 group 674:678 the carbonyl group 661:678 the carbonyl group 661:678 It is confirmed that the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion is induced by the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom. 26246391 3 37 theme bond 612:615 arg1 insertion 617:625 the C-C triple bond insertion 597:625 the C-C triple bond insertion 597:625 It is confirmed that the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion is induced by the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom. 26246391 1 38 theme allenes 131:137 arg1 challenge 150:158 a challenge 148:158 a challenge due to the non-rigid nature of the axial chirality, which spreads over three carbon atoms 148:248 Enantioselective synthesis of fully substituted allenes has been a challenge due to the non-rigid nature of the axial chirality, which spreads over three carbon atoms. 26246391 1 38 theme allenes 131:137 arg1 synthesis 100:108 Enantioselective synthesis 83:108 Enantioselective synthesis of fully substituted allenes 83:137 Enantioselective synthesis of fully substituted allenes has been a challenge due to the non-rigid nature of the axial chirality, which spreads over three carbon atoms. 26246391 4 39 theme substituted 906:916 arg1 allenes 918:924 fully substituted allenes 900:924 fully substituted allenes 900:924 When an optically active carbonate was used, surprisingly high efficiency of chirality transfer was realized, affording fully substituted allenes in excellent enantiomeric excess (ee). 26246391 3 40 theme carbonate 697:705 arg1 atom 774:777 the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 745:777 the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 745:777 It is confirmed that the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion is induced by the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom. 26246391 3 40 theme carbonate 697:705 arg1 group 707:711 the directing carbonate group 683:711 the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 683:777 It is confirmed that the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion is induced by the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom. 26246391 4 41 theme high 838:841 arg1 efficiency 843:852 surprisingly high efficiency 825:852 surprisingly high efficiency of chirality transfer 825:874 When an optically active carbonate was used, surprisingly high efficiency of chirality transfer was realized, affording fully substituted allenes in excellent enantiomeric excess (ee). 26246391 4 42 theme excellent 929:937 arg1 excess 952:957 excellent enantiomeric excess 929:957 excellent enantiomeric excess (ee) 929:962 When an optically active carbonate was used, surprisingly high efficiency of chirality transfer was realized, affording fully substituted allenes in excellent enantiomeric excess (ee). 26246391 4 42 theme excellent 929:937 arg1 ee 960:961 ee 960:961 ee 960:961 When an optically active carbonate was used, surprisingly high efficiency of chirality transfer was realized, affording fully substituted allenes in excellent enantiomeric excess (ee). 26246391 3 43 theme excellent 557:565 arg1 regioselectivity 576:591 the excellent designed regioselectivity 553:591 the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion 553:625 It is confirmed that the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion is induced by the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom. 26246391 3 44 theme designed 567:574 arg1 regioselectivity 576:591 the excellent designed regioselectivity 553:591 the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion 553:625 It is confirmed that the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion is induced by the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom. 26246391 2 45 dep show 259:262 arg1 catalyse 313:320 catalyse 313:320 show the commercially available simple Rh complex may catalyse the CMD (concerted metalation/deprotonation)-based reaction of the readily available arenes with sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates at ambient temperature affording fully substituted allenes 259:529 Here we show the commercially available simple Rh complex may catalyse the CMD (concerted metalation/deprotonation)-based reaction of the readily available arenes with sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates at ambient temperature affording fully substituted allenes. 26246391 3 46 theme directing 687:695 arg1 atom 774:777 the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 745:777 the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 745:777 It is confirmed that the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion is induced by the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom. 26246391 3 46 theme directing 687:695 arg1 group 707:711 the directing carbonate group 683:711 the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 683:777 It is confirmed that the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion is induced by the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom. 26246391 3 47 link O-linked 758:765 arg1 atom 774:777 the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 745:777 the tertiary O-linked carbon atom 745:777 It is confirmed that the excellent designed regioselectivity for the C-C triple bond insertion is induced by the coordination of the carbonyl group in the directing carbonate group as well as the steric effect of the tertiary O-linked carbon atom. 26246391 2 48 theme -based 366:371 arg1 reaction 373:380 the CMD (concerted metalation/deprotonation)-based reaction 322:380 the CMD (concerted metalation/deprotonation)-based reaction of the readily available arenes with sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates 322:470 Here we show the commercially available simple Rh complex may catalyse the CMD (concerted metalation/deprotonation)-based reaction of the readily available arenes with sterically congested tertiary propargylic carbonates at ambient temperature affording fully substituted allenes. 26246391 0 49 theme chiral 67:72 arg1 allenes 74:80 tetrasubstituted chiral allenes 50:80 tetrasubstituted chiral allenes 50:80 A C-H bond activation-based catalytic approach to tetrasubstituted chiral allenes. 26246391 0 50 theme bond 6:9 arg1 approach 38:45 A C-H bond activation-based catalytic approach 0:45 A C-H bond activation-based catalytic approach to tetrasubstituted chiral allenes 0:80 A C-H bond activation-based catalytic approach to tetrasubstituted chiral allenes. 26246391 1 51 theme due 160:162 arg1 synthesis 100:108 Enantioselective synthesis 83:108 Enantioselective synthesis of fully substituted allenes 83:137 Enantioselective synthesis of fully substituted allenes has been a challenge due to the non-rigid nature of the axial chirality, which spreads over three carbon atoms. 26246391 1 51 theme due 160:162 arg1 challenge 150:158 a challenge 148:158 a challenge due to the non-rigid nature of the axial chirality, which spreads over three carbon atoms 148:248 Enantioselective synthesis of fully substituted allenes has been a challenge due to the non-rigid nature of the axial chirality, which spreads over three carbon atoms. 26246391 1 52 theme carbon 237:242 arg1 atoms 244:248 three carbon atoms 231:248 three carbon atoms 231:248 Enantioselective synthesis of fully substituted allenes has been a challenge due to the non-rigid nature of the axial chirality, which spreads over three carbon atoms. 27743361 3 0 theme chromatography 573:586 arg1 instrument 596:605 an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument 541:605 an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument 541:605 Here, we describe an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis of N-linked glycans from plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument. 27743361 5 1 theme novel 880:884 arg1 approach 886:893 a novel approach 878:893 a novel approach for plasma N-glycan analysis 878:922 The development of a novel approach for plasma N-glycan analysis and its implementation on a robotic platform significantly reduces the time required for sample preparation and minimizes technical variation. 27743361 5 2 theme approach 886:893 arg1 development 863:873 The development 859:873 The development of a novel approach for plasma N-glycan analysis 859:922 The development of a novel approach for plasma N-glycan analysis and its implementation on a robotic platform significantly reduces the time required for sample preparation and minimizes technical variation. 27743361 5 2 theme approach 886:893 arg1 implementation 932:945 its implementation 928:945 its implementation on a robotic platform 928:967 The development of a novel approach for plasma N-glycan analysis and its implementation on a robotic platform significantly reduces the time required for sample preparation and minimizes technical variation. 27743361 4 3 theme fluorescent 782:792 arg1 features 664:671 the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup 651:828 the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup 651:828 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 4 3 theme fluorescent 782:792 arg1 labeling 794:801 fluorescent labeling 782:801 fluorescent labeling 782:801 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 3 4 from samples 450:456 arg1 preparation 384:394 an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis 364:416 preparation 384:394 Here, we describe an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis of N-linked glycans from plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument. 27743361 3 4 from samples 450:456 arg1 analysis 409:416 analysis 409:416 analysis 409:416 Here, we describe an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis of N-linked glycans from plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument. 27743361 3 5 theme N-linked 421:428 arg1 glycans 430:436 N-linked glycans 421:436 N-linked glycans 421:436 Here, we describe an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis of N-linked glycans from plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument. 27743361 4 6 with plates 640:645 arg1 extraction 847:856 solid-phase extraction 835:856 solid-phase extraction 835:856 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 4 7 theme solid-phase 835:845 arg1 extraction 847:856 solid-phase extraction 835:856 solid-phase extraction 835:856 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 5 8 theme technical 1046:1054 arg1 variation 1056:1064 technical variation 1046:1064 technical variation 1046:1064 The development of a novel approach for plasma N-glycan analysis and its implementation on a robotic platform significantly reduces the time required for sample preparation and minimizes technical variation. 27743361 4 9 theme workflow 655:662 arg1 features 664:671 the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup 651:828 the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup 651:828 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 4 9 theme workflow 655:662 arg1 cleanup 822:828 post-labeling cleanup 808:828 post-labeling cleanup 808:828 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 4 9 theme workflow 655:662 arg1 release 723:729 enzymatic glycan release 706:729 enzymatic glycan release 706:729 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 4 9 theme workflow 655:662 arg1 labeling 794:801 fluorescent labeling 782:801 fluorescent labeling 782:801 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 4 9 theme workflow 655:662 arg1 denaturation 692:703 rapid glycoprotein denaturation 673:703 rapid glycoprotein denaturation 673:703 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 4 9 theme workflow 655:662 arg1 purification 739:750 glycan purification 732:750 glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide 732:779 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 3 10 theme automated 367:375 arg1 preparation 384:394 an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis 364:416 preparation 384:394 Here, we describe an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis of N-linked glycans from plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument. 27743361 2 11 dep high-quality 280:291 arg1 large-scale 294:304 large-scale 294:304 large-scale 294:304 High-throughput analytical technologies capable of generating high-quality, large-scale glycoprofiling data are in high demand. 27743361 3 12 theme sample 377:382 arg1 preparation 384:394 an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis 364:416 preparation 384:394 Here, we describe an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis of N-linked glycans from plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument. 27743361 5 13 theme sample 1013:1018 arg1 preparation 1020:1030 sample preparation 1013:1030 sample preparation 1013:1030 The development of a novel approach for plasma N-glycan analysis and its implementation on a robotic platform significantly reduces the time required for sample preparation and minimizes technical variation. 27743361 0 14 theme N-Glycome 39:47 arg1 Analysis 16:23 High-Throughput Analysis 0:23 High-Throughput Analysis of the Plasma N-Glycome by UHPLC. 0:57 High-Throughput Analysis of the Plasma N-Glycome by UHPLC. 27743361 4 15 theme glycan 716:721 arg1 release 723:729 enzymatic glycan release 706:729 enzymatic glycan release 706:729 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 4 15 theme glycan 716:721 arg1 features 664:671 the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup 651:828 the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup 651:828 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 2 16 theme glycoprofiling 306:319 arg1 data 321:324 high-quality, large-scale glycoprofiling data 280:324 high-quality, large-scale glycoprofiling data 280:324 High-throughput analytical technologies capable of generating high-quality, large-scale glycoprofiling data are in high demand. 27743361 4 17 from purification 739:750 arg1 hydrazide 771:779 solid-supported hydrazide 755:779 solid-supported hydrazide 755:779 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 3 18 theme liquid 488:493 arg1 chromatography 495:508 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 464:508 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument 464:605 Here, we describe an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis of N-linked glycans from plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument. 27743361 5 19 theme N-glycan 906:913 arg1 analysis 915:922 plasma N-glycan analysis 899:922 plasma N-glycan analysis 899:922 The development of a novel approach for plasma N-glycan analysis and its implementation on a robotic platform significantly reduces the time required for sample preparation and minimizes technical variation. 27743361 4 20 theme glycan 732:737 arg1 purification 739:750 glycan purification 732:750 glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide 732:779 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 4 20 theme glycan 732:737 arg1 features 664:671 the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup 651:828 the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup 651:828 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 1 21 theme glycosylation 80:92 arg1 alterations 94:104 glycosylation alterations 80:104 glycosylation alterations in health and disease 80:126 The understanding of glycosylation alterations in health and disease has evolved significantly and glycans are considered to be relevant biomarker candidates. 27743361 4 22 theme solid-supported 755:769 arg1 hydrazide 771:779 solid-supported hydrazide 755:779 solid-supported hydrazide 755:779 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 0 23 theme High-Throughput 0:14 arg1 Analysis 16:23 High-Throughput Analysis 0:23 High-Throughput Analysis of the Plasma N-Glycome by UHPLC. 0:57 High-Throughput Analysis of the Plasma N-Glycome by UHPLC. 27743361 6 24 theme developed 1094:1102 arg1 method 1104:1109 the developed method 1090:1109 the developed method 1090:1109 It is anticipated that the developed method will contribute to expanding high-throughput capabilities to analyze protein glycosylation. 27743361 1 25 theme alterations 94:104 arg1 understanding 63:75 The understanding 59:75 The understanding of glycosylation alterations in health and disease 59:126 The understanding of glycosylation alterations in health and disease has evolved significantly and glycans are considered to be relevant biomarker candidates. 27743361 1 26 theme relevant 187:194 arg1 candidates 206:215 relevant biomarker candidates 187:215 relevant biomarker candidates 187:215 The understanding of glycosylation alterations in health and disease has evolved significantly and glycans are considered to be relevant biomarker candidates. 27743361 3 27 with chromatography 495:508 arg1 detection 528:536 fluorescence detection 515:536 fluorescence detection 515:536 Here, we describe an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis of N-linked glycans from plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument. 27743361 1 28 from disease 120:126 arg1 understanding 63:75 The understanding 59:75 The understanding of glycosylation alterations in health and disease 59:126 The understanding of glycosylation alterations in health and disease has evolved significantly and glycans are considered to be relevant biomarker candidates. 27743361 4 29 from release 723:729 arg1 hydrazide 771:779 solid-supported hydrazide 755:779 solid-supported hydrazide 755:779 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 1 30 theme biomarker 196:204 arg1 candidates 206:215 relevant biomarker candidates 187:215 relevant biomarker candidates 187:215 The understanding of glycosylation alterations in health and disease has evolved significantly and glycans are considered to be relevant biomarker candidates. 27743361 4 31 dep features 664:671 arg1 features 664:671 the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup 651:828 the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup 651:828 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 4 31 dep features 664:671 arg1 cleanup 822:828 post-labeling cleanup 808:828 post-labeling cleanup 808:828 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 4 31 dep features 664:671 arg1 release 723:729 enzymatic glycan release 706:729 enzymatic glycan release 706:729 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 4 31 dep features 664:671 arg1 labeling 794:801 fluorescent labeling 782:801 fluorescent labeling 782:801 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 4 31 dep features 664:671 arg1 denaturation 692:703 rapid glycoprotein denaturation 673:703 rapid glycoprotein denaturation 673:703 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 4 31 dep features 664:671 arg1 purification 739:750 glycan purification 732:750 glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide 732:779 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 2 32 theme high 333:336 arg1 demand 338:343 high demand 333:343 high demand 333:343 High-throughput analytical technologies capable of generating high-quality, large-scale glycoprofiling data are in high demand. 27743361 4 33 theme enzymatic 706:714 arg1 release 723:729 enzymatic glycan release 706:729 enzymatic glycan release 706:729 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 4 33 theme enzymatic 706:714 arg1 features 664:671 the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup 651:828 the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup 651:828 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 3 34 theme plasma 443:448 arg1 samples 450:456 plasma samples 443:456 plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument 443:605 Here, we describe an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis of N-linked glycans from plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument. 27743361 4 35 theme 96-well 632:638 arg1 plates 640:645 96-well plates 632:645 96-well plates 632:645 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 3 36 theme hydrophilic 464:474 arg1 chromatography 495:508 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 464:508 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument 464:605 Here, we describe an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis of N-linked glycans from plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument. 27743361 6 37 theme protein 1180:1186 arg1 glycosylation 1188:1200 protein glycosylation 1180:1200 protein glycosylation 1180:1200 It is anticipated that the developed method will contribute to expanding high-throughput capabilities to analyze protein glycosylation. 27743361 3 38 theme interaction 476:486 arg1 chromatography 495:508 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 464:508 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument 464:605 Here, we describe an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis of N-linked glycans from plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument. 27743361 0 39 theme Plasma 32:37 arg1 N-Glycome 39:47 the Plasma N-Glycome 28:47 the Plasma N-Glycome 28:47 High-Throughput Analysis of the Plasma N-Glycome by UHPLC. 27743361 2 40 theme capable 258:264 arg1 technologies 245:256 High-throughput analytical technologies 218:256 High-throughput analytical technologies capable of generating high-quality, large-scale glycoprofiling data 218:324 High-throughput analytical technologies capable of generating high-quality, large-scale glycoprofiling data are in high demand. 27743361 3 41 from chromatography 495:508 arg1 instrument 596:605 an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument 541:605 an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument 541:605 Here, we describe an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis of N-linked glycans from plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument. 27743361 5 42 theme robotic 952:958 arg1 platform 960:967 a robotic platform 950:967 a robotic platform 950:967 The development of a novel approach for plasma N-glycan analysis and its implementation on a robotic platform significantly reduces the time required for sample preparation and minimizes technical variation. 27743361 3 43 theme glycans 430:436 arg1 preparation 384:394 an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis 364:416 preparation 384:394 Here, we describe an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis of N-linked glycans from plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument. 27743361 3 43 theme glycans 430:436 arg1 analysis 409:416 analysis 409:416 analysis 409:416 Here, we describe an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis of N-linked glycans from plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument. 27743361 4 44 from labeling 794:801 arg1 hydrazide 771:779 solid-supported hydrazide 755:779 solid-supported hydrazide 755:779 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 3 45 theme ultrahigh-performance 544:564 arg1 UHPLC 589:593 UHPLC 589:593 UHPLC 589:593 Here, we describe an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis of N-linked glycans from plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument. 27743361 3 45 theme ultrahigh-performance 544:564 arg1 chromatography 573:586 an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography 541:586 an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument 541:605 Here, we describe an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis of N-linked glycans from plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument. 27743361 5 46 theme plasma 899:904 arg1 analysis 915:922 plasma N-glycan analysis 899:922 plasma N-glycan analysis 899:922 The development of a novel approach for plasma N-glycan analysis and its implementation on a robotic platform significantly reduces the time required for sample preparation and minimizes technical variation. 27743361 2 47 theme High-throughput 218:232 arg1 technologies 245:256 High-throughput analytical technologies 218:256 High-throughput analytical technologies capable of generating high-quality, large-scale glycoprofiling data 218:324 High-throughput analytical technologies capable of generating high-quality, large-scale glycoprofiling data are in high demand. 27743361 2 48 theme analytical 234:243 arg1 technologies 245:256 High-throughput analytical technologies 218:256 High-throughput analytical technologies capable of generating high-quality, large-scale glycoprofiling data 218:324 High-throughput analytical technologies capable of generating high-quality, large-scale glycoprofiling data are in high demand. 27743361 5 49 from implementation 932:945 arg1 platform 960:967 a robotic platform 950:967 a robotic platform 950:967 The development of a novel approach for plasma N-glycan analysis and its implementation on a robotic platform significantly reduces the time required for sample preparation and minimizes technical variation. 27743361 3 50 theme liquid 566:571 arg1 UHPLC 589:593 UHPLC 589:593 UHPLC 589:593 Here, we describe an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis of N-linked glycans from plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument. 27743361 3 50 theme liquid 566:571 arg1 chromatography 573:586 an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography 541:586 an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument 541:605 Here, we describe an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis of N-linked glycans from plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument. 27743361 4 51 from cleanup 822:828 arg1 hydrazide 771:779 solid-supported hydrazide 755:779 solid-supported hydrazide 755:779 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 3 52 dep preparation 384:394 arg1 workflow 396:403 workflow 396:403 workflow 396:403 Here, we describe an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis of N-linked glycans from plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument. 27743361 4 53 with features 664:671 arg1 extraction 847:856 solid-phase extraction 835:856 solid-phase extraction 835:856 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 4 54 gly glycoprotein 679:690 arg1 glycoprotein 679:690 rapid glycoprotein denaturation 673:703 rapid glycoprotein denaturation 673:703 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 1 55 from health 109:114 arg1 understanding 63:75 The understanding 59:75 The understanding of glycosylation alterations in health and disease 59:126 The understanding of glycosylation alterations in health and disease has evolved significantly and glycans are considered to be relevant biomarker candidates. 27743361 4 56 theme glycoprotein 679:690 arg1 features 664:671 the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup 651:828 the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup 651:828 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 4 56 theme glycoprotein 679:690 arg1 denaturation 692:703 rapid glycoprotein denaturation 673:703 rapid glycoprotein denaturation 673:703 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 4 57 theme post-labeling 808:820 arg1 features 664:671 the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup 651:828 the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup 651:828 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 4 57 theme post-labeling 808:820 arg1 cleanup 822:828 post-labeling cleanup 808:828 post-labeling cleanup 808:828 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 4 58 theme rapid 673:677 arg1 features 664:671 the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup 651:828 the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup 651:828 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 4 58 theme rapid 673:677 arg1 denaturation 692:703 rapid glycoprotein denaturation 673:703 rapid glycoprotein denaturation 673:703 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 5 59 from development 863:873 arg1 platform 960:967 a robotic platform 950:967 a robotic platform 950:967 The development of a novel approach for plasma N-glycan analysis and its implementation on a robotic platform significantly reduces the time required for sample preparation and minimizes technical variation. 27743361 2 60 theme high-quality 280:291 arg1 data 321:324 high-quality, large-scale glycoprofiling data 280:324 high-quality, large-scale glycoprofiling data 280:324 High-throughput analytical technologies capable of generating high-quality, large-scale glycoprofiling data are in high demand. 27743361 3 61 theme fluorescence 515:526 arg1 detection 528:536 fluorescence detection 515:536 fluorescence detection 515:536 Here, we describe an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis of N-linked glycans from plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument. 27743361 1 62 from alterations 94:104 arg1 disease 120:126 disease 120:126 disease 120:126 The understanding of glycosylation alterations in health and disease has evolved significantly and glycans are considered to be relevant biomarker candidates. 27743361 1 62 from alterations 94:104 arg1 health 109:114 health 109:114 health 109:114 The understanding of glycosylation alterations in health and disease has evolved significantly and glycans are considered to be relevant biomarker candidates. 27743361 6 63 theme high-throughput 1140:1154 arg1 capabilities 1156:1167 expanding high-throughput capabilities 1130:1167 expanding high-throughput capabilities 1130:1167 It is anticipated that the developed method will contribute to expanding high-throughput capabilities to analyze protein glycosylation. 27743361 4 64 from denaturation 692:703 arg1 hydrazide 771:779 solid-supported hydrazide 755:779 solid-supported hydrazide 755:779 Samples are prepared in 96-well plates and the workflow features rapid glycoprotein denaturation, enzymatic glycan release, glycan purification on solid-supported hydrazide, fluorescent labeling, and post-labeling cleanup with solid-phase extraction. 27743361 3 65 link N-linked 421:428 arg1 glycans 430:436 N-linked glycans 421:436 N-linked glycans 421:436 Here, we describe an automated sample preparation workflow and analysis of N-linked glycans from plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrument. 27743361 1 66 from understanding 63:75 arg1 disease 120:126 disease 120:126 disease 120:126 The understanding of glycosylation alterations in health and disease has evolved significantly and glycans are considered to be relevant biomarker candidates. 27743361 1 66 from understanding 63:75 arg1 health 109:114 health 109:114 health 109:114 The understanding of glycosylation alterations in health and disease has evolved significantly and glycans are considered to be relevant biomarker candidates. 27743361 6 67 theme expanding 1130:1138 arg1 capabilities 1156:1167 expanding high-throughput capabilities 1130:1167 expanding high-throughput capabilities 1130:1167 It is anticipated that the developed method will contribute to expanding high-throughput capabilities to analyze protein glycosylation. 26135972 0 0 theme Functional 77:86 arg1 Immunogenicity 88:101 Functional Immunogenicity 77:101 Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines 77:123 Evaluation of the Impact of Codon Optimization and N-Linked Glycosylation on Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines Delivered by In Vivo Electroporation in Preclinical Studies in Mice. 26135972 6 1 theme DNA 1179:1181 arg1 vaccines 1183:1190 DNA vaccines 1179:1190 DNA vaccines 1179:1190 These findings suggest that N-glycosylation of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines is not detrimental to overall transmission-blocking efficacy. 26135972 2 2 with Immunization 338:349 arg1 vaccines 360:367 DNA vaccines 356:367 DNA vaccines encoding Pfs25 356:382 Immunization with DNA vaccines encoding Pfs25 has been shown to elicit potent antibody responses in mice and nonhuman primates. 26135972 5 3 dep presence 1022:1029 arg1 the 1018:1020 the 1018:1020 the 1018:1020 The results from this study demonstrate that while codon optimization and in vivo electroporation greatly improved functional immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA vaccines, the presence or absence of N-linked glycosylation did not significantly impact vaccine efficacy. 26135972 4 4 theme in 746:747 arg1 electroporation 754:768 in vivo electroporation 746:768 in vivo electroporation 746:768 The goal of the studies reported here was to systematically evaluate the impact of codon optimization, in vivo electroporation, and N-linked glycosylation on the immunogenicity of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines. 26135972 1 5 theme well-established 256:271 arg1 Pfs25 245:249 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 194:249 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 194:249 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 is a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development. 26135972 1 5 theme well-established 256:271 arg1 candidate 273:281 a well-established candidate 254:281 a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development 254:335 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 is a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development. 26135972 0 6 from Evaluation 0:9 arg1 Immunogenicity 88:101 Functional Immunogenicity 77:101 Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines 77:123 Evaluation of the Impact of Codon Optimization and N-Linked Glycosylation on Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines Delivered by In Vivo Electroporation in Preclinical Studies in Mice. 26135972 3 7 theme in 569:570 arg1 electroporation 577:591 in vivo electroporation 569:591 in vivo electroporation 569:591 Studies aimed at further optimization have revealed improved immunogenicity through the application of in vivo electroporation and by using a heterologous prime-boost approach. 26135972 4 8 link N-linked 775:782 arg1 glycosylation 784:796 N-linked glycosylation 775:796 N-linked glycosylation 775:796 The goal of the studies reported here was to systematically evaluate the impact of codon optimization, in vivo electroporation, and N-linked glycosylation on the immunogenicity of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines. 26135972 6 9 theme transmission-blocking 1222:1242 arg1 efficacy 1244:1251 overall transmission-blocking efficacy 1214:1251 overall transmission-blocking efficacy 1214:1251 These findings suggest that N-glycosylation of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines is not detrimental to overall transmission-blocking efficacy. 26135972 0 10 from Electroporation 146:160 arg1 Studies 177:183 Preclinical Studies 165:183 Preclinical Studies in Mice 165:191 Evaluation of the Impact of Codon Optimization and N-Linked Glycosylation on Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines Delivered by In Vivo Electroporation in Preclinical Studies in Mice. 26135972 3 11 theme prime-boost 621:631 arg1 approach 633:640 a heterologous prime-boost approach 606:640 a heterologous prime-boost approach 606:640 Studies aimed at further optimization have revealed improved immunogenicity through the application of in vivo electroporation and by using a heterologous prime-boost approach. 26135972 4 12 dep in 746:747 arg1 vivo 749:752 vivo 749:752 vivo 749:752 The goal of the studies reported here was to systematically evaluate the impact of codon optimization, in vivo electroporation, and N-linked glycosylation on the immunogenicity of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines. 26135972 4 13 theme N-linked 775:782 arg1 glycosylation 784:796 N-linked glycosylation 775:796 N-linked glycosylation 775:796 The goal of the studies reported here was to systematically evaluate the impact of codon optimization, in vivo electroporation, and N-linked glycosylation on the immunogenicity of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines. 26135972 0 14 theme DNA 112:114 arg1 Vaccines 116:123 Pfs25 DNA Vaccines 106:123 Pfs25 DNA Vaccines 106:123 Evaluation of the Impact of Codon Optimization and N-Linked Glycosylation on Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines Delivered by In Vivo Electroporation in Preclinical Studies in Mice. 26135972 5 15 from study 876:880 arg1 results 858:864 The results 854:864 The results from this study 854:880 The results from this study demonstrate that while codon optimization and in vivo electroporation greatly improved functional immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA vaccines, the presence or absence of N-linked glycosylation did not significantly impact vaccine efficacy. 26135972 2 16 theme nonhuman 447:454 arg1 primates 456:463 nonhuman primates 447:463 nonhuman primates 447:463 Immunization with DNA vaccines encoding Pfs25 has been shown to elicit potent antibody responses in mice and nonhuman primates. 26135972 3 17 theme electroporation 577:591 arg1 application 554:564 the application 550:564 the application of in vivo electroporation 550:591 Studies aimed at further optimization have revealed improved immunogenicity through the application of in vivo electroporation and by using a heterologous prime-boost approach. 26135972 4 18 theme codon 726:730 arg1 optimization 732:743 codon optimization 726:743 codon optimization 726:743 The goal of the studies reported here was to systematically evaluate the impact of codon optimization, in vivo electroporation, and N-linked glycosylation on the immunogenicity of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines. 26135972 0 19 theme Pfs25 106:110 arg1 Vaccines 116:123 Pfs25 DNA Vaccines 106:123 Pfs25 DNA Vaccines 106:123 Evaluation of the Impact of Codon Optimization and N-Linked Glycosylation on Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines Delivered by In Vivo Electroporation in Preclinical Studies in Mice. 26135972 5 20 theme functional 969:978 arg1 immunogenicity 980:993 functional immunogenicity 969:993 functional immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA vaccines 969:1015 The results from this study demonstrate that while codon optimization and in vivo electroporation greatly improved functional immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA vaccines, the presence or absence of N-linked glycosylation did not significantly impact vaccine efficacy. 26135972 5 21 theme vaccines 1008:1015 arg1 immunogenicity 980:993 functional immunogenicity 969:993 functional immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA vaccines 969:1015 The results from this study demonstrate that while codon optimization and in vivo electroporation greatly improved functional immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA vaccines, the presence or absence of N-linked glycosylation did not significantly impact vaccine efficacy. 26135972 4 22 theme studies 659:665 arg1 goal 647:650 The goal 643:650 The goal of the studies reported here 643:679 The goal of the studies reported here was to systematically evaluate the impact of codon optimization, in vivo electroporation, and N-linked glycosylation on the immunogenicity of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines. 26135972 6 23 theme Pfs25 1162:1166 arg1 N-glycosylation 1143:1157 N-glycosylation 1143:1157 N-glycosylation of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines 1143:1190 These findings suggest that N-glycosylation of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines is not detrimental to overall transmission-blocking efficacy. 26135972 2 24 theme DNA 356:358 arg1 vaccines 360:367 DNA vaccines 356:367 DNA vaccines encoding Pfs25 356:382 Immunization with DNA vaccines encoding Pfs25 has been shown to elicit potent antibody responses in mice and nonhuman primates. 26135972 5 25 theme N-linked 1045:1052 arg1 glycosylation 1054:1066 N-linked glycosylation 1045:1066 N-linked glycosylation 1045:1066 The results from this study demonstrate that while codon optimization and in vivo electroporation greatly improved functional immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA vaccines, the presence or absence of N-linked glycosylation did not significantly impact vaccine efficacy. 26135972 2 26 theme antibody 416:423 arg1 responses 425:433 potent antibody responses 409:433 potent antibody responses in mice and nonhuman primates 409:463 Immunization with DNA vaccines encoding Pfs25 has been shown to elicit potent antibody responses in mice and nonhuman primates. 26135972 1 27 theme malaria 287:293 arg1 development 325:335 malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development 287:335 malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development 287:335 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 is a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development. 26135972 4 28 theme glycosylation 784:796 arg1 impact 716:721 the impact 712:721 the impact of codon optimization, in vivo electroporation, and N-linked glycosylation on the immunogenicity of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines 712:851 The goal of the studies reported here was to systematically evaluate the impact of codon optimization, in vivo electroporation, and N-linked glycosylation on the immunogenicity of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines. 26135972 4 29 theme Pfs25 823:827 arg1 immunogenicity 805:818 the immunogenicity 801:818 the immunogenicity of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines 801:851 The goal of the studies reported here was to systematically evaluate the impact of codon optimization, in vivo electroporation, and N-linked glycosylation on the immunogenicity of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines. 26135972 2 30 theme potent 409:414 arg1 responses 425:433 potent antibody responses 409:433 potent antibody responses in mice and nonhuman primates 409:463 Immunization with DNA vaccines encoding Pfs25 has been shown to elicit potent antibody responses in mice and nonhuman primates. 26135972 0 31 theme Impact 18:23 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of the Impact of Codon Optimization and N-Linked Glycosylation on Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines 0:123 Evaluation of the Impact of Codon Optimization and N-Linked Glycosylation on Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines Delivered by In Vivo Electroporation in Preclinical Studies in Mice. 26135972 1 32 theme transmission-blocking 295:315 arg1 development 325:335 malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development 287:335 malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development 287:335 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 is a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development. 26135972 3 33 dep in 569:570 arg1 vivo 572:575 vivo 572:575 vivo 572:575 Studies aimed at further optimization have revealed improved immunogenicity through the application of in vivo electroporation and by using a heterologous prime-boost approach. 26135972 1 34 theme Plasmodium 194:203 arg1 falciparum 205:214 Plasmodium falciparum 194:214 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 194:249 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 is a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development. 26135972 1 35 theme vaccine 317:323 arg1 development 325:335 malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development 287:335 malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development 287:335 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 is a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development. 26135972 0 36 theme Vaccines 116:123 arg1 Immunogenicity 88:101 Functional Immunogenicity 77:101 Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines 77:123 Evaluation of the Impact of Codon Optimization and N-Linked Glycosylation on Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines Delivered by In Vivo Electroporation in Preclinical Studies in Mice. 26135972 3 37 theme heterologous 608:619 arg1 approach 633:640 a heterologous prime-boost approach 606:640 a heterologous prime-boost approach 606:640 Studies aimed at further optimization have revealed improved immunogenicity through the application of in vivo electroporation and by using a heterologous prime-boost approach. 26135972 1 38 theme falciparum 205:214 arg1 Pfs25 245:249 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 194:249 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 194:249 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 is a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development. 26135972 1 38 theme falciparum 205:214 arg1 candidate 273:281 a well-established candidate 254:281 a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development 254:335 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 is a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development. 26135972 0 39 theme Codon 28:32 arg1 Optimization 34:45 Codon Optimization 28:45 Codon Optimization 28:45 Evaluation of the Impact of Codon Optimization and N-Linked Glycosylation on Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines Delivered by In Vivo Electroporation in Preclinical Studies in Mice. 26135972 0 40 from Studies 177:183 arg1 Mice 188:191 Mice 188:191 Mice 188:191 Evaluation of the Impact of Codon Optimization and N-Linked Glycosylation on Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines Delivered by In Vivo Electroporation in Preclinical Studies in Mice. 26135972 0 41 theme In 138:139 arg1 Electroporation 146:160 In Vivo Electroporation 138:160 In Vivo Electroporation in Preclinical Studies in Mice 138:191 Evaluation of the Impact of Codon Optimization and N-Linked Glycosylation on Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines Delivered by In Vivo Electroporation in Preclinical Studies in Mice. 26135972 3 42 theme further 483:489 arg1 optimization 491:502 further optimization 483:502 further optimization 483:502 Studies aimed at further optimization have revealed improved immunogenicity through the application of in vivo electroporation and by using a heterologous prime-boost approach. 26135972 5 43 dep in 928:929 arg1 vivo 931:934 vivo 931:934 vivo 931:934 The results from this study demonstrate that while codon optimization and in vivo electroporation greatly improved functional immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA vaccines, the presence or absence of N-linked glycosylation did not significantly impact vaccine efficacy. 26135972 1 44 theme sexual 216:221 arg1 Pfs25 245:249 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 194:249 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 194:249 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 is a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development. 26135972 1 44 theme sexual 216:221 arg1 candidate 273:281 a well-established candidate 254:281 a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development 254:335 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 is a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development. 26135972 5 45 theme in 928:929 arg1 electroporation 936:950 in vivo electroporation 928:950 in vivo electroporation 928:950 The results from this study demonstrate that while codon optimization and in vivo electroporation greatly improved functional immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA vaccines, the presence or absence of N-linked glycosylation did not significantly impact vaccine efficacy. 26135972 5 46 theme vaccine 1097:1103 arg1 efficacy 1105:1112 vaccine efficacy 1097:1112 vaccine efficacy 1097:1112 The results from this study demonstrate that while codon optimization and in vivo electroporation greatly improved functional immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA vaccines, the presence or absence of N-linked glycosylation did not significantly impact vaccine efficacy. 26135972 5 47 theme codon 905:909 arg1 optimization 911:922 codon optimization 905:922 codon optimization 905:922 The results from this study demonstrate that while codon optimization and in vivo electroporation greatly improved functional immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA vaccines, the presence or absence of N-linked glycosylation did not significantly impact vaccine efficacy. 26135972 1 48 theme stage 223:227 arg1 Pfs25 245:249 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 194:249 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 194:249 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 is a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development. 26135972 1 48 theme stage 223:227 arg1 candidate 273:281 a well-established candidate 254:281 a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development 254:335 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 is a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development. 26135972 6 49 gly N-glycosylation 1143:1157 arg1 Pfs25 1162:1166 Pfs25 1162:1166 Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines 1162:1190 These findings suggest that N-glycosylation of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines is not detrimental to overall transmission-blocking efficacy. 26135972 6 50 theme overall 1214:1220 arg1 efficacy 1244:1251 overall transmission-blocking efficacy 1214:1251 overall transmission-blocking efficacy 1214:1251 These findings suggest that N-glycosylation of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines is not detrimental to overall transmission-blocking efficacy. 26135972 0 51 theme Optimization 34:45 arg1 Impact 18:23 the Impact 14:23 the Impact of Codon Optimization and N-Linked Glycosylation on Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines 14:123 Evaluation of the Impact of Codon Optimization and N-Linked Glycosylation on Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines Delivered by In Vivo Electroporation in Preclinical Studies in Mice. 26135972 4 52 theme electroporation 754:768 arg1 impact 716:721 the impact 712:721 the impact of codon optimization, in vivo electroporation, and N-linked glycosylation on the immunogenicity of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines 712:851 The goal of the studies reported here was to systematically evaluate the impact of codon optimization, in vivo electroporation, and N-linked glycosylation on the immunogenicity of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines. 26135972 0 53 theme Preclinical 165:175 arg1 Studies 177:183 Preclinical Studies 165:183 Preclinical Studies in Mice 165:191 Evaluation of the Impact of Codon Optimization and N-Linked Glycosylation on Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines Delivered by In Vivo Electroporation in Preclinical Studies in Mice. 26135972 5 54 theme glycosylation 1054:1066 arg1 absence 1034:1040 absence 1034:1040 absence 1034:1040 The results from this study demonstrate that while codon optimization and in vivo electroporation greatly improved functional immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA vaccines, the presence or absence of N-linked glycosylation did not significantly impact vaccine efficacy. 26135972 5 54 theme glycosylation 1054:1066 arg1 presence 1022:1029 presence 1022:1029 presence 1022:1029 The results from this study demonstrate that while codon optimization and in vivo electroporation greatly improved functional immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA vaccines, the presence or absence of N-linked glycosylation did not significantly impact vaccine efficacy. 26135972 2 55 from responses 425:433 arg1 mice 438:441 mice 438:441 mice 438:441 Immunization with DNA vaccines encoding Pfs25 has been shown to elicit potent antibody responses in mice and nonhuman primates. 26135972 2 55 from responses 425:433 arg1 primates 456:463 nonhuman primates 447:463 nonhuman primates 447:463 Immunization with DNA vaccines encoding Pfs25 has been shown to elicit potent antibody responses in mice and nonhuman primates. 26135972 3 56 theme improved 518:525 arg1 immunogenicity 527:540 improved immunogenicity 518:540 improved immunogenicity 518:540 Studies aimed at further optimization have revealed improved immunogenicity through the application of in vivo electroporation and by using a heterologous prime-boost approach. 26135972 1 57 theme surface 229:235 arg1 Pfs25 245:249 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 194:249 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 194:249 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 is a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development. 26135972 1 57 theme surface 229:235 arg1 candidate 273:281 a well-established candidate 254:281 a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development 254:335 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 is a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development. 26135972 5 58 theme Pfs25 998:1002 arg1 vaccines 1008:1015 Pfs25 DNA vaccines 998:1015 Pfs25 DNA vaccines 998:1015 The results from this study demonstrate that while codon optimization and in vivo electroporation greatly improved functional immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA vaccines, the presence or absence of N-linked glycosylation did not significantly impact vaccine efficacy. 26135972 4 59 theme DNA 840:842 arg1 vaccines 844:851 DNA vaccines 840:851 DNA vaccines 840:851 The goal of the studies reported here was to systematically evaluate the impact of codon optimization, in vivo electroporation, and N-linked glycosylation on the immunogenicity of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines. 26135972 5 60 theme DNA 1004:1006 arg1 vaccines 1008:1015 Pfs25 DNA vaccines 998:1015 Pfs25 DNA vaccines 998:1015 The results from this study demonstrate that while codon optimization and in vivo electroporation greatly improved functional immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA vaccines, the presence or absence of N-linked glycosylation did not significantly impact vaccine efficacy. 26135972 1 61 theme antigen 237:243 arg1 Pfs25 245:249 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 194:249 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 194:249 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 is a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development. 26135972 1 61 theme antigen 237:243 arg1 candidate 273:281 a well-established candidate 254:281 a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development 254:335 Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen Pfs25 is a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development. 26135972 0 62 theme Glycosylation 60:72 arg1 Impact 18:23 the Impact 14:23 the Impact of Codon Optimization and N-Linked Glycosylation on Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines 14:123 Evaluation of the Impact of Codon Optimization and N-Linked Glycosylation on Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines Delivered by In Vivo Electroporation in Preclinical Studies in Mice. 26135972 0 63 from Immunogenicity 88:101 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of the Impact of Codon Optimization and N-Linked Glycosylation on Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines 0:123 Evaluation of the Impact of Codon Optimization and N-Linked Glycosylation on Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines Delivered by In Vivo Electroporation in Preclinical Studies in Mice. 26135972 0 64 dep In 138:139 arg1 Vivo 141:144 Vivo 141:144 Vivo 141:144 Evaluation of the Impact of Codon Optimization and N-Linked Glycosylation on Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines Delivered by In Vivo Electroporation in Preclinical Studies in Mice. 26135972 4 65 from impact 716:721 arg1 immunogenicity 805:818 the immunogenicity 801:818 the immunogenicity of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines 801:851 The goal of the studies reported here was to systematically evaluate the impact of codon optimization, in vivo electroporation, and N-linked glycosylation on the immunogenicity of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines. 26135972 0 66 theme N-Linked 51:58 arg1 Glycosylation 60:72 N-Linked Glycosylation 51:72 N-Linked Glycosylation 51:72 Evaluation of the Impact of Codon Optimization and N-Linked Glycosylation on Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines Delivered by In Vivo Electroporation in Preclinical Studies in Mice. 26135972 0 67 from Impact 18:23 arg1 Immunogenicity 88:101 Functional Immunogenicity 77:101 Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines 77:123 Evaluation of the Impact of Codon Optimization and N-Linked Glycosylation on Functional Immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA Vaccines Delivered by In Vivo Electroporation in Preclinical Studies in Mice. 26135972 4 68 theme optimization 732:743 arg1 impact 716:721 the impact 712:721 the impact of codon optimization, in vivo electroporation, and N-linked glycosylation on the immunogenicity of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines 712:851 The goal of the studies reported here was to systematically evaluate the impact of codon optimization, in vivo electroporation, and N-linked glycosylation on the immunogenicity of Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines. 26135972 5 69 link N-linked 1045:1052 arg1 glycosylation 1054:1066 N-linked glycosylation 1045:1066 N-linked glycosylation 1045:1066 The results from this study demonstrate that while codon optimization and in vivo electroporation greatly improved functional immunogenicity of Pfs25 DNA vaccines, the presence or absence of N-linked glycosylation did not significantly impact vaccine efficacy. 29965415 0 0 theme Phosphorus 88:97 arg1 System 107:112 a Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal System 60:112 a Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal System 60:112 [Microbial Population Dynamics During Sludge Granulation in a Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal System]. 29965415 0 1 from Dynamics 22:29 arg1 System 107:112 a Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal System 60:112 a Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal System 60:112 [Microbial Population Dynamics During Sludge Granulation in a Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal System]. 29965415 5 2 theme extracellular 887:899 arg1 proteins 901:908 extracellular proteins 887:908 extracellular proteins 887:908 During the AGS formation process, extracellular polysaccharides obviously increased, while extracellular proteins kept relatively stable. 29965415 6 3 theme process 1007:1013 arg1 formation 990:998 the formation 986:998 the formation of AGS process 986:1013 The abundance of AOA significantly decreased during the formation of AGS process, while the abundance of PAOs increased. 29965415 3 4 theme accumulating 676:687 arg1 PAOs 700:703 PAOs 700:703 PAOs 700:703 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 3 4 theme accumulating 676:687 arg1 organisms 689:697 polyphosphate accumulating organisms 662:697 polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) 662:704 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 7 5 theme bacterial 1059:1067 arg1 diversity 1069:1077 The bacterial diversity 1055:1077 The bacterial diversity 1055:1077 The bacterial diversity increased at first and then decreased during the formation of AGS. 29965415 1 6 theme phosphorus 234:243 arg1 removal 245:251 phosphorus removal 234:251 phosphorus removal 234:251 In this study, domestic sewage was utilized to cultivate aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) system. 29965415 3 7 theme organisms 689:697 arg1 abundance 545:553 the abundance 541:553 the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) 541:704 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 10 8 theme % 1368:1368 arg1 % 1375:1375 6.70%-16.50% 1364:1375 6.70%-16.50% 1364:1375 Proteobacteria (31.07%-53.67%), Bacteroidetes (6.70%-16.50%) and Chloroflexi (7.84%-13.36%) were the dominant phyla. 29965415 10 8 theme % 1368:1368 arg1 Bacteroidetes 1349:1361 Bacteroidetes 1349:1361 Bacteroidetes (6.70%-16.50%) 1349:1376 Proteobacteria (31.07%-53.67%), Bacteroidetes (6.70%-16.50%) and Chloroflexi (7.84%-13.36%) were the dominant phyla. 29965415 1 9 used utilized 151:158 arg2 sewage 140:145 domestic sewage 131:145 domestic sewage 131:145 In this study, domestic sewage was utilized to cultivate aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) system. 29965415 6 10 theme PAOs 1039:1042 arg1 abundance 1026:1034 the abundance 1022:1034 the abundance of PAOs 1022:1042 The abundance of AOA significantly decreased during the formation of AGS process, while the abundance of PAOs increased. 29965415 1 11 theme removal 245:251 arg1 system 260:265 a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) system 206:265 a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) system 206:265 In this study, domestic sewage was utilized to cultivate aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) system. 29965415 0 12 theme Removal 99:105 arg1 System 107:112 a Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal System 60:112 a Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal System 60:112 [Microbial Population Dynamics During Sludge Granulation in a Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal System]. 29965415 10 13 theme % 1399:1399 arg1 % 1406:1406 7.84%-13.36% 1395:1406 7.84%-13.36% 1395:1406 Proteobacteria (31.07%-53.67%), Bacteroidetes (6.70%-16.50%) and Chloroflexi (7.84%-13.36%) were the dominant phyla. 29965415 10 13 theme % 1399:1399 arg1 Chloroflexi 1382:1392 Chloroflexi 1382:1392 Chloroflexi (7.84%-13.36%) 1382:1407 Proteobacteria (31.07%-53.67%), Bacteroidetes (6.70%-16.50%) and Chloroflexi (7.84%-13.36%) were the dominant phyla. 29965415 11 14 theme AGS 1489:1491 arg1 process 1503:1509 the AGS formation process 1485:1509 the AGS formation process (increased from 0.11% in the seed sludge to 35.33% in the AGS) 1485:1572 Candidatus competibacter was obviously enriched in the AGS formation process (increased from 0.11% in the seed sludge to 35.33% in the AGS) and may play an important role in the formation of AGS. 29965415 11 15 theme important 1590:1598 arg1 role 1600:1603 an important role 1587:1603 an important role 1587:1603 Candidatus competibacter was obviously enriched in the AGS formation process (increased from 0.11% in the seed sludge to 35.33% in the AGS) and may play an important role in the formation of AGS. 29965415 5 16 theme formation 811:819 arg1 process 821:827 the AGS formation process 803:827 the AGS formation process 803:827 During the AGS formation process, extracellular polysaccharides obviously increased, while extracellular proteins kept relatively stable. 29965415 3 17 theme chain 484:488 arg1 PCR 501:503 PCR 501:503 PCR 501:503 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 3 17 theme chain 484:488 arg1 reactions 490:498 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions 450:498 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) 450:504 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 8 18 theme sludge 1206:1211 arg1 granulation 1213:1223 aerobic sludge granulation 1198:1223 aerobic sludge granulation 1198:1223 The bacterial community changed dramatically during aerobic sludge granulation. 29965415 5 19 theme extracellular 830:842 arg1 polysaccharides 844:858 extracellular polysaccharides 830:858 extracellular polysaccharides 830:858 During the AGS formation process, extracellular polysaccharides obviously increased, while extracellular proteins kept relatively stable. 29965415 10 20 theme dominant 1418:1425 arg1 Proteobacteria 1317:1330 Proteobacteria 1317:1330 Proteobacteria (31.07%-53.67%) 1317:1346 Proteobacteria (31.07%-53.67%), Bacteroidetes (6.70%-16.50%) and Chloroflexi (7.84%-13.36%) were the dominant phyla. 29965415 10 20 theme dominant 1418:1425 arg1 Bacteroidetes 1349:1361 Bacteroidetes 1349:1361 Bacteroidetes (6.70%-16.50%) 1349:1376 Proteobacteria (31.07%-53.67%), Bacteroidetes (6.70%-16.50%) and Chloroflexi (7.84%-13.36%) were the dominant phyla. 29965415 10 20 theme dominant 1418:1425 arg1 Chloroflexi 1382:1392 Chloroflexi 1382:1392 Chloroflexi (7.84%-13.36%) 1382:1407 Proteobacteria (31.07%-53.67%), Bacteroidetes (6.70%-16.50%) and Chloroflexi (7.84%-13.36%) were the dominant phyla. 29965415 10 20 theme dominant 1418:1425 arg1 phyla 1427:1431 the dominant phyla 1414:1431 the dominant phyla 1414:1431 Proteobacteria (31.07%-53.67%), Bacteroidetes (6.70%-16.50%) and Chloroflexi (7.84%-13.36%) were the dominant phyla. 29965415 2 21 theme granulation 372:382 arg1 mechanisms 384:393 the granulation mechanisms 368:393 the granulation mechanisms using Illumina MiSeq PE300 high-throughput sequencing 368:447 The bacterial population dynamics during the aerobic sludge granulation were investigated to reveal the granulation mechanisms using Illumina MiSeq PE300 high-throughput sequencing. 29965415 0 22 theme Population 11:20 arg1 Dynamics 22:29 [Microbial Population Dynamics 0:29 [Microbial Population Dynamics During Sludge Granulation in a Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal System 0:112 [Microbial Population Dynamics During Sludge Granulation in a Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal System]. 29965415 9 23 theme Persistent 1226:1235 arg1 OTUs 1266:1269 OTUs 1266:1269 OTUs 1266:1269 Persistent operational taxonomic units (OTUs) accounted for 92.70% of the total sequences. 29965415 9 23 theme Persistent 1226:1235 arg1 units 1259:1263 Persistent operational taxonomic units 1226:1263 Persistent operational taxonomic units (OTUs) 1226:1270 Persistent operational taxonomic units (OTUs) accounted for 92.70% of the total sequences. 29965415 3 24 theme bacteria 576:583 arg1 abundance 545:553 the abundance 541:553 the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) 541:704 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 11 25 from % 1560:1560 arg1 AGS 1569:1571 the AGS 1565:1571 the AGS 1565:1571 Candidatus competibacter was obviously enriched in the AGS formation process (increased from 0.11% in the seed sludge to 35.33% in the AGS) and may play an important role in the formation of AGS. 29965415 1 26 theme aerobic 173:179 arg1 AGS 198:200 AGS 198:200 AGS 198:200 In this study, domestic sewage was utilized to cultivate aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) system. 29965415 1 26 theme aerobic 173:179 arg1 sludge 190:195 aerobic granular sludge 173:195 aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) system 173:265 In this study, domestic sewage was utilized to cultivate aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) system. 29965415 0 27 theme [Microbial 0:9 arg1 Dynamics 22:29 [Microbial Population Dynamics 0:29 [Microbial Population Dynamics During Sludge Granulation in a Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal System 0:112 [Microbial Population Dynamics During Sludge Granulation in a Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal System]. 29965415 9 28 theme operational 1237:1247 arg1 OTUs 1266:1269 OTUs 1266:1269 OTUs 1266:1269 Persistent operational taxonomic units (OTUs) accounted for 92.70% of the total sequences. 29965415 9 28 theme operational 1237:1247 arg1 units 1259:1263 Persistent operational taxonomic units 1226:1263 Persistent operational taxonomic units (OTUs) 1226:1270 Persistent operational taxonomic units (OTUs) accounted for 92.70% of the total sequences. 29965415 2 29 theme population 282:291 arg1 dynamics 293:300 The bacterial population dynamics 268:300 The bacterial population dynamics during the aerobic sludge granulation 268:338 The bacterial population dynamics during the aerobic sludge granulation were investigated to reveal the granulation mechanisms using Illumina MiSeq PE300 high-throughput sequencing. 29965415 1 30 theme granular 181:188 arg1 AGS 198:200 AGS 198:200 AGS 198:200 In this study, domestic sewage was utilized to cultivate aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) system. 29965415 1 30 theme granular 181:188 arg1 sludge 190:195 aerobic granular sludge 173:195 aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) system 173:265 In this study, domestic sewage was utilized to cultivate aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) system. 29965415 4 31 theme SNPR 778:781 arg1 performance 783:793 good SNPR performance 773:793 good SNPR performance 773:793 After cultivation for 100 d, the AGS was compact and demonstrated good SNPR performance. 29965415 9 32 theme taxonomic 1249:1257 arg1 OTUs 1266:1269 OTUs 1266:1269 OTUs 1266:1269 Persistent operational taxonomic units (OTUs) accounted for 92.70% of the total sequences. 29965415 9 32 theme taxonomic 1249:1257 arg1 units 1259:1263 Persistent operational taxonomic units 1226:1263 Persistent operational taxonomic units (OTUs) 1226:1270 Persistent operational taxonomic units (OTUs) accounted for 92.70% of the total sequences. 29965415 2 33 theme bacterial 272:280 arg1 dynamics 293:300 The bacterial population dynamics 268:300 The bacterial population dynamics during the aerobic sludge granulation 268:338 The bacterial population dynamics during the aerobic sludge granulation were investigated to reveal the granulation mechanisms using Illumina MiSeq PE300 high-throughput sequencing. 29965415 3 34 theme polymerase 473:482 arg1 PCR 501:503 PCR 501:503 PCR 501:503 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 3 34 theme polymerase 473:482 arg1 reactions 490:498 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions 450:498 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) 450:504 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 2 35 theme high-throughput 422:436 arg1 sequencing 438:447 Illumina MiSeq PE300 high-throughput sequencing 401:447 Illumina MiSeq PE300 high-throughput sequencing 401:447 The bacterial population dynamics during the aerobic sludge granulation were investigated to reveal the granulation mechanisms using Illumina MiSeq PE300 high-throughput sequencing. 29965415 8 36 theme bacterial 1150:1158 arg1 community 1160:1168 The bacterial community 1146:1168 The bacterial community 1146:1168 The bacterial community changed dramatically during aerobic sludge granulation. 29965415 3 37 theme bacteria 643:650 arg1 abundance 545:553 the abundance 541:553 the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) 541:704 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 3 38 theme ammonia-oxidizing 558:574 arg1 AOB 586:588 AOB 586:588 AOB 586:588 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 3 38 theme ammonia-oxidizing 558:574 arg1 bacteria 576:583 ammonia-oxidizing bacteria 558:583 ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) 558:589 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 2 39 theme MiSeq 410:414 arg1 sequencing 438:447 Illumina MiSeq PE300 high-throughput sequencing 401:447 Illumina MiSeq PE300 high-throughput sequencing 401:447 The bacterial population dynamics during the aerobic sludge granulation were investigated to reveal the granulation mechanisms using Illumina MiSeq PE300 high-throughput sequencing. 29965415 3 40 theme real 463:466 arg1 PCR 501:503 PCR 501:503 PCR 501:503 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 3 40 theme real 463:466 arg1 reactions 490:498 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions 450:498 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) 450:504 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 11 41 theme Candidatus 1434:1443 arg1 competibacter 1445:1457 Candidatus competibacter 1434:1457 Candidatus competibacter 1434:1457 Candidatus competibacter was obviously enriched in the AGS formation process (increased from 0.11% in the seed sludge to 35.33% in the AGS) and may play an important role in the formation of AGS. 29965415 2 42 theme Illumina 401:408 arg1 sequencing 438:447 Illumina MiSeq PE300 high-throughput sequencing 401:447 Illumina MiSeq PE300 high-throughput sequencing 401:447 The bacterial population dynamics during the aerobic sludge granulation were investigated to reveal the granulation mechanisms using Illumina MiSeq PE300 high-throughput sequencing. 29965415 0 43 theme Sludge 38:43 arg1 Granulation 45:55 Sludge Granulation 38:55 Sludge Granulation 38:55 [Microbial Population Dynamics During Sludge Granulation in a Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal System]. 29965415 6 44 theme AOA 951:953 arg1 abundance 938:946 The abundance 934:946 The abundance of AOA 934:953 The abundance of AOA significantly decreased during the formation of AGS process, while the abundance of PAOs increased. 29965415 6 45 theme AGS 1003:1005 arg1 process 1007:1013 AGS process 1003:1013 AGS process 1003:1013 The abundance of AOA significantly decreased during the formation of AGS process, while the abundance of PAOs increased. 29965415 3 46 theme ammonia-oxidizing 592:608 arg1 AOA 619:621 AOA 619:621 AOA 619:621 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 3 46 theme ammonia-oxidizing 592:608 arg1 archaea 610:616 ammonia-oxidizing archaea 592:616 ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) 592:622 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 11 47 theme seed 1540:1543 arg1 sludge 1545:1550 the seed sludge 1536:1550 the seed sludge 1536:1550 Candidatus competibacter was obviously enriched in the AGS formation process (increased from 0.11% in the seed sludge to 35.33% in the AGS) and may play an important role in the formation of AGS. 29965415 3 48 theme time 468:471 arg1 PCR 501:503 PCR 501:503 PCR 501:503 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 3 48 theme time 468:471 arg1 reactions 490:498 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions 450:498 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) 450:504 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 3 49 theme nitrite-oxidizing 625:641 arg1 bacteria 643:650 nitrite-oxidizing bacteria 625:650 nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) 625:656 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 3 49 theme nitrite-oxidizing 625:641 arg1 NOB 653:655 NOB 653:655 NOB 653:655 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 2 50 theme sludge 321:326 arg1 granulation 328:338 the aerobic sludge granulation 309:338 the aerobic sludge granulation 309:338 The bacterial population dynamics during the aerobic sludge granulation were investigated to reveal the granulation mechanisms using Illumina MiSeq PE300 high-throughput sequencing. 29965415 7 51 theme AGS 1141:1143 arg1 formation 1128:1136 the formation 1124:1136 the formation of AGS 1124:1143 The bacterial diversity increased at first and then decreased during the formation of AGS. 29965415 1 52 from sludge 190:195 arg1 system 260:265 a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) system 206:265 a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) system 206:265 In this study, domestic sewage was utilized to cultivate aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) system. 29965415 2 53 theme aerobic 313:319 arg1 granulation 328:338 the aerobic sludge granulation 309:338 the aerobic sludge granulation 309:338 The bacterial population dynamics during the aerobic sludge granulation were investigated to reveal the granulation mechanisms using Illumina MiSeq PE300 high-throughput sequencing. 29965415 11 54 theme formation 1493:1501 arg1 process 1503:1509 the AGS formation process 1485:1509 the AGS formation process (increased from 0.11% in the seed sludge to 35.33% in the AGS) 1485:1572 Candidatus competibacter was obviously enriched in the AGS formation process (increased from 0.11% in the seed sludge to 35.33% in the AGS) and may play an important role in the formation of AGS. 29965415 3 55 theme polyphosphate 662:674 arg1 PAOs 700:703 PAOs 700:703 PAOs 700:703 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 3 55 theme polyphosphate 662:674 arg1 organisms 689:697 polyphosphate accumulating organisms 662:697 polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) 662:704 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 3 56 used used 511:514 arg2 reactions 490:498 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions 450:498 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) 450:504 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 3 56 used used 511:514 arg2 PCR 501:503 PCR 501:503 PCR 501:503 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 10 57 theme % 1338:1338 arg1 % 1345:1345 31.07%-53.67% 1333:1345 31.07%-53.67% 1333:1345 Proteobacteria (31.07%-53.67%), Bacteroidetes (6.70%-16.50%) and Chloroflexi (7.84%-13.36%) were the dominant phyla. 29965415 10 57 theme % 1338:1338 arg1 Proteobacteria 1317:1330 Proteobacteria 1317:1330 Proteobacteria (31.07%-53.67%) 1317:1346 Proteobacteria (31.07%-53.67%), Bacteroidetes (6.70%-16.50%) and Chloroflexi (7.84%-13.36%) were the dominant phyla. 29965415 9 58 theme sequences 1306:1314 arg1 sequences 1306:1314 the total sequences 1296:1314 the total sequences 1296:1314 Persistent operational taxonomic units (OTUs) accounted for 92.70% of the total sequences. 29965415 9 58 theme sequences 1306:1314 arg1 % 1291:1291 92.70% 1286:1291 92.70% of the total sequences 1286:1314 Persistent operational taxonomic units (OTUs) accounted for 92.70% of the total sequences. 29965415 10 59 theme 6.70 1364:1367 arg1 % 1375:1375 6.70%-16.50% 1364:1375 6.70%-16.50% 1364:1375 Proteobacteria (31.07%-53.67%), Bacteroidetes (6.70%-16.50%) and Chloroflexi (7.84%-13.36%) were the dominant phyla. 29965415 10 59 theme 6.70 1364:1367 arg1 Bacteroidetes 1349:1361 Bacteroidetes 1349:1361 Bacteroidetes (6.70%-16.50%) 1349:1376 Proteobacteria (31.07%-53.67%), Bacteroidetes (6.70%-16.50%) and Chloroflexi (7.84%-13.36%) were the dominant phyla. 29965415 11 60 from % 1531:1531 arg1 sludge 1545:1550 the seed sludge 1536:1550 the seed sludge 1536:1550 Candidatus competibacter was obviously enriched in the AGS formation process (increased from 0.11% in the seed sludge to 35.33% in the AGS) and may play an important role in the formation of AGS. 29965415 11 61 dep process 1503:1509 arg1 increased 1512:1520 increased 1512:1520 increased from 0.11% in the seed sludge to 35.33% in the AGS 1512:1571 Candidatus competibacter was obviously enriched in the AGS formation process (increased from 0.11% in the seed sludge to 35.33% in the AGS) and may play an important role in the formation of AGS. 29965415 0 62 theme Nitrogen 75:82 arg1 System 107:112 a Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal System 60:112 a Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal System 60:112 [Microbial Population Dynamics During Sludge Granulation in a Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal System]. 29965415 11 63 theme AGS 1625:1627 arg1 formation 1612:1620 the formation 1608:1620 the formation of AGS 1608:1627 Candidatus competibacter was obviously enriched in the AGS formation process (increased from 0.11% in the seed sludge to 35.33% in the AGS) and may play an important role in the formation of AGS. 29965415 3 64 theme archaea 610:616 arg1 abundance 545:553 the abundance 541:553 the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) 541:704 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 5 65 theme AGS 807:809 arg1 process 821:827 the AGS formation process 803:827 the AGS formation process 803:827 During the AGS formation process, extracellular polysaccharides obviously increased, while extracellular proteins kept relatively stable. 29965415 1 66 theme domestic 131:138 arg1 sewage 140:145 domestic sewage 131:145 domestic sewage 131:145 In this study, domestic sewage was utilized to cultivate aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) system. 29965415 3 67 theme Quantitative 450:461 arg1 PCR 501:503 PCR 501:503 PCR 501:503 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 3 67 theme Quantitative 450:461 arg1 reactions 490:498 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions 450:498 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) 450:504 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 1 68 theme simultaneous 208:219 arg1 SNPR 254:257 SNPR 254:257 SNPR 254:257 In this study, domestic sewage was utilized to cultivate aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) system. 29965415 1 68 theme simultaneous 208:219 arg1 nitrogen 221:228 simultaneous nitrogen 208:228 simultaneous nitrogen 208:228 In this study, domestic sewage was utilized to cultivate aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) system. 29965415 0 69 theme Simultaneous 62:73 arg1 Nitrogen 75:82 Simultaneous Nitrogen 62:82 Simultaneous Nitrogen 62:82 [Microbial Population Dynamics During Sludge Granulation in a Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal System]. 29965415 9 70 theme total 1300:1304 arg1 sequences 1306:1314 the total sequences 1296:1314 the total sequences 1296:1314 Persistent operational taxonomic units (OTUs) accounted for 92.70% of the total sequences. 29965415 4 71 theme good 773:776 arg1 performance 783:793 good SNPR performance 773:793 good SNPR performance 773:793 After cultivation for 100 d, the AGS was compact and demonstrated good SNPR performance. 29965415 8 72 theme aerobic 1198:1204 arg1 granulation 1213:1223 aerobic sludge granulation 1198:1223 aerobic sludge granulation 1198:1223 The bacterial community changed dramatically during aerobic sludge granulation. 29965415 3 73 from shifts 531:536 arg1 abundance 545:553 the abundance 541:553 the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) 541:704 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). 29965415 1 74 theme nitrogen 221:228 arg1 system 260:265 a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) system 206:265 a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) system 206:265 In this study, domestic sewage was utilized to cultivate aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) system. 28458407 2 0 theme cell 613:616 arg1 wall 618:621 the cell wall 609:621 the cell wall more susceptible to further enzymatic attack 609:666 Fungal ferulic acid esterase can release both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids from these cell wall arabinoxylans making the cell wall more susceptible to further enzymatic attack and increasing cell wall degradability. 28458407 3 1 theme soybean 983:989 arg1 shock 996:1000 a soybean heat shock 981:1000 a soybean heat shock promoter 981:1009 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 4 2 theme cell 1195:1198 arg1 lines 1200:1204 all three transformed cell lines 1173:1204 all three transformed cell lines 1173:1204 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 3 3 theme Festuca 752:758 arg1 arundinacea 760:770 Festuca arundinacea 752:770 Festuca arundinacea 752:770 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 0 4 theme wall 167:170 arg1 digestion 172:180 cell wall digestion 162:180 cell wall digestion 162:180 Expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase in suspension cultures of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) decreases cell wall feruloylation and increases rates of cell wall digestion. 28458407 1 5 theme wall 454:457 arg1 degradability 459:471 cell wall degradability 449:471 cell wall degradability 449:471 In the cell walls of grasses ferulic acid is esterified to arabinosyl residues in arabinoxylans that can then undergo oxidative coupling reactions to form ferulate dehydrodimers, trimers and oligomers which function to cross-link cell-wall polysaccharides, limiting cell wall degradability. 28458407 3 6 theme ferulic 803:809 arg1 faeA 826:829 faeA 826:829 faeA 826:829 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 3 6 theme ferulic 803:809 arg1 esterase 816:823 a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase 783:823 a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole 783:958 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 4 7 contain had 1206:1208 arg2 rates 1345:1349 increased rates 1335:1349 increased rates of cell wall digestion 1335:1372 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 4 7 contain had 1206:1208 arg2 levels 1232:1237 reduced ferulate levels 1215:1237 reduced ferulate levels 1215:1237 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 4 7 contain had 1206:1208 arg1 lines 1200:1204 all three transformed cell lines 1173:1204 all three transformed cell lines 1173:1204 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 4 7 contain had 1206:1208 arg2 levels 1253:1258 increased levels 1243:1258 increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion 1243:1322 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 4 8 theme ferulates 1133:1141 arg1 Analysis 1104:1111 Analysis 1104:1111 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls 1104:1159 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 3 9 theme Aspergillus 785:795 arg1 faeA 826:829 faeA 826:829 faeA 826:829 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 3 9 theme Aspergillus 785:795 arg1 esterase 816:823 a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase 783:823 a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole 783:958 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 1 10 from residues 253:260 arg1 arabinoxylans 265:277 arabinoxylans 265:277 arabinoxylans that can then undergo oxidative coupling reactions to form ferulate dehydrodimers, trimers and oligomers which function to cross-link cell-wall polysaccharides, limiting cell wall degradability 265:471 In the cell walls of grasses ferulic acid is esterified to arabinosyl residues in arabinoxylans that can then undergo oxidative coupling reactions to form ferulate dehydrodimers, trimers and oligomers which function to cross-link cell-wall polysaccharides, limiting cell wall degradability. 28458407 3 11 theme FAE 1033:1035 arg1 activity 1037:1044 FAE activity 1033:1044 FAE activity 1033:1044 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 4 12 theme rumen 1389:1393 arg1 environment 1395:1405 a simulated rumen environment 1377:1405 a simulated rumen environment 1377:1405 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 2 13 theme dimeric 545:551 arg1 acids 561:565 both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids 515:565 both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids 515:565 Fungal ferulic acid esterase can release both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids from these cell wall arabinoxylans making the cell wall more susceptible to further enzymatic attack and increasing cell wall degradability. 28458407 4 14 theme cell 1354:1357 arg1 digestion 1364:1372 cell wall digestion 1354:1372 cell wall digestion 1354:1372 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 0 15 theme cell 115:118 arg1 feruloylation 125:137 cell wall feruloylation 115:137 cell wall feruloylation 115:137 Expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase in suspension cultures of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) decreases cell wall feruloylation and increases rates of cell wall digestion. 28458407 1 16 theme cell 190:193 arg1 walls 195:199 the cell walls 186:199 the cell walls of grasses 186:210 In the cell walls of grasses ferulic acid is esterified to arabinosyl residues in arabinoxylans that can then undergo oxidative coupling reactions to form ferulate dehydrodimers, trimers and oligomers which function to cross-link cell-wall polysaccharides, limiting cell wall degradability. 28458407 2 17 theme wall 583:586 arg1 arabinoxylans 588:600 these cell wall arabinoxylans 572:600 these cell wall arabinoxylans 572:600 Fungal ferulic acid esterase can release both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids from these cell wall arabinoxylans making the cell wall more susceptible to further enzymatic attack and increasing cell wall degradability. 28458407 3 18 theme Non-embryogenic 708:722 arg1 cultures 740:747 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures 708:747 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures 708:747 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 4 19 theme digestion 1364:1372 arg1 levels 1232:1237 reduced ferulate levels 1215:1237 reduced ferulate levels 1215:1237 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 4 19 theme digestion 1364:1372 arg1 levels 1253:1258 increased levels 1243:1258 increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion 1243:1322 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 4 19 theme digestion 1364:1372 arg1 rates 1345:1349 increased rates 1335:1349 increased rates of cell wall digestion 1335:1372 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 4 20 theme control 1425:1431 arg1 cells 1449:1453 control non-transformed cells 1425:1453 control non-transformed cells 1425:1453 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 0 21 theme suspension 48:57 arg1 cultures 59:66 suspension cultures 48:66 suspension cultures of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) 48:103 Expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase in suspension cultures of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) decreases cell wall feruloylation and increases rates of cell wall digestion. 28458407 1 22 theme oxidative 301:309 arg1 reactions 320:328 oxidative coupling reactions 301:328 oxidative coupling reactions 301:328 In the cell walls of grasses ferulic acid is esterified to arabinosyl residues in arabinoxylans that can then undergo oxidative coupling reactions to form ferulate dehydrodimers, trimers and oligomers which function to cross-link cell-wall polysaccharides, limiting cell wall degradability. 28458407 2 23 theme acid 489:492 arg1 esterase 494:501 Fungal ferulic acid esterase 474:501 Fungal ferulic acid esterase 474:501 Fungal ferulic acid esterase can release both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids from these cell wall arabinoxylans making the cell wall more susceptible to further enzymatic attack and increasing cell wall degradability. 28458407 4 24 theme walls 1155:1159 arg1 ferulates 1133:1141 the ester-linked ferulates 1116:1141 the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls 1116:1159 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 2 25 theme monomeric 531:539 arg1 acids 561:565 both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids 515:565 both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids 515:565 Fungal ferulic acid esterase can release both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids from these cell wall arabinoxylans making the cell wall more susceptible to further enzymatic attack and increasing cell wall degradability. 28458407 0 26 from Expression 0:9 arg1 cultures 59:66 suspension cultures 48:66 suspension cultures of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) 48:103 Expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase in suspension cultures of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) decreases cell wall feruloylation and increases rates of cell wall digestion. 28458407 4 27 theme reduced 1215:1221 arg1 levels 1232:1237 reduced ferulate levels 1215:1237 reduced ferulate levels 1215:1237 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 0 28 theme fescue 76:81 arg1 cultures 59:66 suspension cultures 48:66 suspension cultures of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) 48:103 Expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase in suspension cultures of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) decreases cell wall feruloylation and increases rates of cell wall digestion. 28458407 3 29 theme promoter 932:939 arg1 control 900:906 the control 896:906 the control of a constitutive actin promoter 896:939 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 2 30 theme further 643:649 arg1 attack 661:666 further enzymatic attack 643:666 further enzymatic attack 643:666 Fungal ferulic acid esterase can release both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids from these cell wall arabinoxylans making the cell wall more susceptible to further enzymatic attack and increasing cell wall degradability. 28458407 0 31 theme Festuca 84:90 arg1 fescue 76:81 tall fescue 71:81 tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) 71:103 Expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase in suspension cultures of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) decreases cell wall feruloylation and increases rates of cell wall digestion. 28458407 0 31 theme Festuca 84:90 arg1 arundinacea 92:102 Festuca arundinacea 84:102 Festuca arundinacea 84:102 Expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase in suspension cultures of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) decreases cell wall feruloylation and increases rates of cell wall digestion. 28458407 3 32 theme growth 1090:1095 arg1 cycle 1097:1101 a growth cycle 1088:1101 a growth cycle 1088:1101 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 3 33 theme constitutive 913:924 arg1 promoter 932:939 a constitutive actin promoter 911:939 a constitutive actin promoter 911:939 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 2 34 theme wall 688:691 arg1 degradability 693:705 cell wall degradability 683:705 cell wall degradability 683:705 Fungal ferulic acid esterase can release both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids from these cell wall arabinoxylans making the cell wall more susceptible to further enzymatic attack and increasing cell wall degradability. 28458407 3 35 theme arundinacea 760:770 arg1 cultures 740:747 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures 708:747 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures 708:747 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 1 36 theme arabinosyl 242:251 arg1 residues 253:260 arabinosyl residues 242:260 arabinosyl residues in arabinoxylans that can then undergo oxidative coupling reactions to form ferulate dehydrodimers, trimers and oligomers which function to cross-link cell-wall polysaccharides, limiting cell wall degradability 242:471 In the cell walls of grasses ferulic acid is esterified to arabinosyl residues in arabinoxylans that can then undergo oxidative coupling reactions to form ferulate dehydrodimers, trimers and oligomers which function to cross-link cell-wall polysaccharides, limiting cell wall degradability. 28458407 2 37 theme Fungal 474:479 arg1 esterase 494:501 Fungal ferulic acid esterase 474:501 Fungal ferulic acid esterase 474:501 Fungal ferulic acid esterase can release both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids from these cell wall arabinoxylans making the cell wall more susceptible to further enzymatic attack and increasing cell wall degradability. 28458407 4 38 from release 1281:1287 arg1 autodigestion 1310:1322 autodigestion 1310:1322 autodigestion 1310:1322 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 4 39 theme mediated 1272:1279 arg1 release 1281:1287 xylanase mediated release 1263:1287 xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion 1263:1322 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 0 40 theme ferulic 23:29 arg1 esterase 36:43 a fungal ferulic acid esterase 14:43 a fungal ferulic acid esterase 14:43 Expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase in suspension cultures of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) decreases cell wall feruloylation and increases rates of cell wall digestion. 28458407 0 41 theme esterase 36:43 arg1 Expression 0:9 Expression 0:9 Expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase in suspension cultures of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) 0:103 Expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase in suspension cultures of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) decreases cell wall feruloylation and increases rates of cell wall digestion. 28458407 4 42 theme increased 1243:1251 arg1 levels 1253:1258 increased levels 1243:1258 increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion 1243:1322 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 3 43 theme heat 991:994 arg1 shock 996:1000 a soybean heat shock 981:1000 a soybean heat shock promoter 981:1009 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 1 44 theme grasses 204:210 arg1 walls 195:199 the cell walls 186:199 the cell walls of grasses 186:210 In the cell walls of grasses ferulic acid is esterified to arabinosyl residues in arabinoxylans that can then undergo oxidative coupling reactions to form ferulate dehydrodimers, trimers and oligomers which function to cross-link cell-wall polysaccharides, limiting cell wall degradability. 28458407 3 45 theme suspension 729:738 arg1 cultures 740:747 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures 708:747 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures 708:747 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 0 46 theme cell 162:165 arg1 digestion 172:180 cell wall digestion 162:180 cell wall digestion 162:180 Expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase in suspension cultures of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) decreases cell wall feruloylation and increases rates of cell wall digestion. 28458407 4 47 theme increased 1335:1343 arg1 rates 1345:1349 increased rates 1335:1349 increased rates of cell wall digestion 1335:1372 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 0 48 theme digestion 172:180 arg1 rates 153:157 rates 153:157 rates of cell wall digestion 153:180 Expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase in suspension cultures of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) decreases cell wall feruloylation and increases rates of cell wall digestion. 28458407 3 49 theme promoter 1002:1009 arg1 control 970:976 the control 966:976 the control of a soybean heat shock promoter 966:1009 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 4 50 theme ester-linked 1120:1131 arg1 ferulates 1133:1141 the ester-linked ferulates 1116:1141 the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls 1116:1159 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 4 51 theme phenolics 1297:1305 arg1 release 1281:1287 xylanase mediated release 1263:1287 xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion 1263:1322 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 1 52 theme cell 449:452 arg1 degradability 459:471 cell wall degradability 449:471 cell wall degradability 449:471 In the cell walls of grasses ferulic acid is esterified to arabinosyl residues in arabinoxylans that can then undergo oxidative coupling reactions to form ferulate dehydrodimers, trimers and oligomers which function to cross-link cell-wall polysaccharides, limiting cell wall degradability. 28458407 2 53 theme susceptible 628:638 arg1 wall 618:621 the cell wall 609:621 the cell wall more susceptible to further enzymatic attack 609:666 Fungal ferulic acid esterase can release both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids from these cell wall arabinoxylans making the cell wall more susceptible to further enzymatic attack and increasing cell wall degradability. 28458407 3 54 theme niger 797:801 arg1 faeA 826:829 faeA 826:829 faeA 826:829 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 3 54 theme niger 797:801 arg1 esterase 816:823 a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase 783:823 a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole 783:958 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 2 55 theme ferulic 553:559 arg1 acids 561:565 both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids 515:565 both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids 515:565 Fungal ferulic acid esterase can release both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids from these cell wall arabinoxylans making the cell wall more susceptible to further enzymatic attack and increasing cell wall degradability. 28458407 4 56 theme simulated 1379:1387 arg1 environment 1395:1405 a simulated rumen environment 1377:1405 a simulated rumen environment 1377:1405 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 0 57 theme wall 120:123 arg1 feruloylation 125:137 cell wall feruloylation 115:137 cell wall feruloylation 115:137 Expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase in suspension cultures of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) decreases cell wall feruloylation and increases rates of cell wall digestion. 28458407 2 58 theme cell 578:581 arg1 arabinoxylans 588:600 these cell wall arabinoxylans 572:600 these cell wall arabinoxylans 572:600 Fungal ferulic acid esterase can release both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids from these cell wall arabinoxylans making the cell wall more susceptible to further enzymatic attack and increasing cell wall degradability. 28458407 4 59 theme transformed 1183:1193 arg1 lines 1200:1204 all three transformed cell lines 1173:1204 all three transformed cell lines 1173:1204 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 4 60 theme wall 1359:1362 arg1 digestion 1364:1372 cell wall digestion 1354:1372 cell wall digestion 1354:1372 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 3 61 theme acid 811:814 arg1 faeA 826:829 faeA 826:829 faeA 826:829 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 3 61 theme acid 811:814 arg1 esterase 816:823 a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase 783:823 a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole 783:958 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 4 62 theme cell 1150:1153 arg1 walls 1155:1159 the cell walls 1146:1159 the cell walls 1146:1159 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 1 63 theme cell-wall 413:421 arg1 polysaccharides 423:437 cell-wall polysaccharides 413:437 cell-wall polysaccharides 413:437 In the cell walls of grasses ferulic acid is esterified to arabinosyl residues in arabinoxylans that can then undergo oxidative coupling reactions to form ferulate dehydrodimers, trimers and oligomers which function to cross-link cell-wall polysaccharides, limiting cell wall degradability. 28458407 3 64 theme endoplasmic 868:878 arg1 reticulum 880:888 endoplasmic reticulum 868:888 endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter 868:939 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 4 65 theme non-transformed 1433:1447 arg1 cells 1449:1453 control non-transformed cells 1425:1453 control non-transformed cells 1425:1453 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 0 66 theme tall 71:74 arg1 fescue 76:81 tall fescue 71:81 tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) 71:103 Expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase in suspension cultures of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) decreases cell wall feruloylation and increases rates of cell wall digestion. 28458407 0 66 theme tall 71:74 arg1 arundinacea 92:102 Festuca arundinacea 84:102 Festuca arundinacea 84:102 Expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase in suspension cultures of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) decreases cell wall feruloylation and increases rates of cell wall digestion. 28458407 1 67 theme coupling 311:318 arg1 reactions 320:328 oxidative coupling reactions 301:328 oxidative coupling reactions 301:328 In the cell walls of grasses ferulic acid is esterified to arabinosyl residues in arabinoxylans that can then undergo oxidative coupling reactions to form ferulate dehydrodimers, trimers and oligomers which function to cross-link cell-wall polysaccharides, limiting cell wall degradability. 28458407 2 68 theme ferulic 481:487 arg1 esterase 494:501 Fungal ferulic acid esterase 474:501 Fungal ferulic acid esterase 474:501 Fungal ferulic acid esterase can release both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids from these cell wall arabinoxylans making the cell wall more susceptible to further enzymatic attack and increasing cell wall degradability. 28458407 4 69 theme ferulate 1223:1230 arg1 levels 1232:1237 reduced ferulate levels 1215:1237 reduced ferulate levels 1215:1237 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 2 70 theme esterified 520:529 arg1 acids 561:565 both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids 515:565 both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids 515:565 Fungal ferulic acid esterase can release both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids from these cell wall arabinoxylans making the cell wall more susceptible to further enzymatic attack and increasing cell wall degradability. 28458407 2 71 theme enzymatic 651:659 arg1 attack 661:666 further enzymatic attack 643:666 further enzymatic attack 643:666 Fungal ferulic acid esterase can release both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids from these cell wall arabinoxylans making the cell wall more susceptible to further enzymatic attack and increasing cell wall degradability. 28458407 1 72 theme ferulate 338:345 arg1 dehydrodimers 347:359 ferulate dehydrodimers 338:359 ferulate dehydrodimers 338:359 In the cell walls of grasses ferulic acid is esterified to arabinosyl residues in arabinoxylans that can then undergo oxidative coupling reactions to form ferulate dehydrodimers, trimers and oligomers which function to cross-link cell-wall polysaccharides, limiting cell wall degradability. 28458407 4 73 from autodigestion 1310:1322 arg1 release 1281:1287 xylanase mediated release 1263:1287 xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion 1263:1322 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 3 74 theme actin 926:930 arg1 promoter 932:939 a constitutive actin promoter 911:939 a constitutive actin promoter 911:939 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 4 75 from phenolics 1297:1305 arg1 autodigestion 1310:1322 autodigestion 1310:1322 autodigestion 1310:1322 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 2 76 theme cell 683:686 arg1 degradability 693:705 cell wall degradability 683:705 cell wall degradability 683:705 Fungal ferulic acid esterase can release both esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids from these cell wall arabinoxylans making the cell wall more susceptible to further enzymatic attack and increasing cell wall degradability. 28458407 0 77 theme fungal 16:21 arg1 esterase 36:43 a fungal ferulic acid esterase 14:43 a fungal ferulic acid esterase 14:43 Expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase in suspension cultures of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) decreases cell wall feruloylation and increases rates of cell wall digestion. 28458407 4 78 theme release 1281:1287 arg1 levels 1232:1237 reduced ferulate levels 1215:1237 reduced ferulate levels 1215:1237 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 4 78 theme release 1281:1287 arg1 levels 1253:1258 increased levels 1243:1258 increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion 1243:1322 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 4 78 theme release 1281:1287 arg1 rates 1345:1349 increased rates 1335:1349 increased rates of cell wall digestion 1335:1372 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 0 79 theme acid 31:34 arg1 esterase 36:43 a fungal ferulic acid esterase 14:43 a fungal ferulic acid esterase 14:43 Expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase in suspension cultures of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) decreases cell wall feruloylation and increases rates of cell wall digestion. 28458407 4 80 theme wall 1292:1295 arg1 phenolics 1297:1305 wall phenolics 1292:1305 wall phenolics on autodigestion 1292:1322 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 4 81 link ester-linked 1120:1131 arg1 ferulates 1133:1141 the ester-linked ferulates 1116:1141 the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls 1116:1159 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 4 82 theme xylanase 1263:1270 arg1 release 1281:1287 xylanase mediated release 1263:1287 xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion 1263:1322 Analysis of the ester-linked ferulates of the cell walls showed that all three transformed cell lines had both reduced ferulate levels and increased levels of xylanase mediated release of wall phenolics on autodigestion as well as increased rates of cell wall digestion in a simulated rumen environment, when compared to control non-transformed cells. 28458407 3 83 theme shock 996:1000 arg1 promoter 1002:1009 a soybean heat shock promoter 981:1009 a soybean heat shock promoter 981:1009 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 3 84 theme cell 724:727 arg1 cultures 740:747 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures 708:747 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures 708:747 Non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Festuca arundinacea expressing a Aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faeA) targeted to either the apoplast, or endoplasmic reticulum under the control of a constitutive actin promoter, or to the vacuole under the control of a soybean heat shock promoter, were established and FAE activity determined in the cells and medium during a growth cycle. 28458407 1 85 theme ferulic 212:218 arg1 acid 220:223 ferulic acid 212:223 ferulic acid 212:223 In the cell walls of grasses ferulic acid is esterified to arabinosyl residues in arabinoxylans that can then undergo oxidative coupling reactions to form ferulate dehydrodimers, trimers and oligomers which function to cross-link cell-wall polysaccharides, limiting cell wall degradability. 25659879 2 0 theme ADAM10 498:503 arg1 role 490:493 a causal role 481:493 a causal role of ADAM10 in atherosclerosis 481:522 Although we have previously shown an association of ADAM10 expression with atherosclerotic plaque progression, a causal role of ADAM10 in atherosclerosis has not been investigated. 25659879 8 1 theme proinflammatory 1470:1484 arg1 factor 1501:1506 proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor 1470:1506 proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor 1470:1506 In addition, Adam10-deficient macrophages displayed increased anti-inflammatory phenotype with elevated IL-10, and reduced production of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor, IL-12, and nitric oxide in response to lipopolysaccharide. 25659879 5 2 theme Adam10-deficient 997:1012 arg1 macrophages 1014:1024 Adam10-deficient macrophages 997:1024 Adam10-deficient macrophages 997:1024 Matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 13 expression and matrix metalloproteinase 2 gelatinase activity were significantly impaired in Adam10-deficient macrophages, whereas their capacity to stimulate collagen production was unchanged. 25659879 0 3 theme plaque 91:96 arg1 composition 98:108 atherosclerotic plaque composition 75:108 atherosclerotic plaque composition 75:108 Myeloid A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 deficiency modulates atherosclerotic plaque composition by shifting the balance from inflammation toward fibrosis. 25659879 1 4 theme growth 345:350 arg1 receptors 359:367 growth factor receptors 345:367 growth factor receptors 345:367 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloprotease involved in cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors. 25659879 6 5 from content 1131:1137 arg1 lesions 1167:1173 advanced atherosclerotic lesions 1142:1173 advanced atherosclerotic lesions 1142:1173 Furthermore, relative macrophage content in advanced atherosclerotic lesions was decreased. 25659879 5 6 theme matrix 919:924 arg1 metalloproteinase 926:942 matrix metalloproteinase 2 919:944 matrix metalloproteinase 2 gelatinase activity 919:964 Matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 13 expression and matrix metalloproteinase 2 gelatinase activity were significantly impaired in Adam10-deficient macrophages, whereas their capacity to stimulate collagen production was unchanged. 25659879 1 7 theme various 269:275 arg1 molecules 318:326 adhesion molecules 309:326 adhesion molecules 309:326 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloprotease involved in cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors. 25659879 1 7 theme various 269:275 arg1 molecules 290:298 various cell surface molecules 269:298 various cell surface molecules 269:298 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloprotease involved in cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors. 25659879 1 7 theme various 269:275 arg1 receptors 359:367 growth factor receptors 345:367 growth factor receptors 345:367 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloprotease involved in cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors. 25659879 1 7 theme various 269:275 arg1 chemokines 329:338 chemokines 329:338 chemokines 329:338 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloprotease involved in cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors. 25659879 3 8 from controls 651:658 arg1 Adam10 602:607 Adam10 602:607 Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls 602:658 Bone marrow from conditional knockout mice lacking Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls was transplanted into lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice on an atherogenic diet. 25659879 1 9 theme factor 352:357 arg1 receptors 359:367 growth factor receptors 345:367 growth factor receptors 345:367 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloprotease involved in cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors. 25659879 4 10 theme Adam10 782:787 arg1 deficiency 789:798 Myeloid Adam10 deficiency 774:798 Myeloid Adam10 deficiency 774:798 Myeloid Adam10 deficiency did not affect plaque size, but it increased plaque collagen content. 25659879 1 11 theme cell 277:280 arg1 molecules 318:326 adhesion molecules 309:326 adhesion molecules 309:326 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloprotease involved in cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors. 25659879 1 11 theme cell 277:280 arg1 molecules 290:298 various cell surface molecules 269:298 various cell surface molecules 269:298 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloprotease involved in cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors. 25659879 1 11 theme cell 277:280 arg1 receptors 359:367 growth factor receptors 345:367 growth factor receptors 345:367 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloprotease involved in cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors. 25659879 1 11 theme cell 277:280 arg1 chemokines 329:338 chemokines 329:338 chemokines 329:338 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloprotease involved in cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors. 25659879 10 12 theme causal 1747:1752 arg1 role 1754:1757 a causal role 1745:1757 a causal role 1745:1757 Thereby, myeloid ADAM10 may play a causal role in modulating atherosclerotic plaque stability. 25659879 3 13 theme lipoprotein 714:724 arg1 mice 745:748 lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice 682:748 lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice 682:748 Bone marrow from conditional knockout mice lacking Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls was transplanted into lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice on an atherogenic diet. 25659879 8 14 theme tumor 1486:1490 arg1 factor 1501:1506 proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor 1470:1506 proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor 1470:1506 In addition, Adam10-deficient macrophages displayed increased anti-inflammatory phenotype with elevated IL-10, and reduced production of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor, IL-12, and nitric oxide in response to lipopolysaccharide. 25659879 4 15 theme Myeloid 774:780 arg1 deficiency 789:798 Myeloid Adam10 deficiency 774:798 Myeloid Adam10 deficiency 774:798 Myeloid Adam10 deficiency did not affect plaque size, but it increased plaque collagen content. 25659879 1 16 theme surface 282:288 arg1 molecules 318:326 adhesion molecules 309:326 adhesion molecules 309:326 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloprotease involved in cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors. 25659879 1 16 theme surface 282:288 arg1 molecules 290:298 various cell surface molecules 269:298 various cell surface molecules 269:298 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloprotease involved in cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors. 25659879 1 16 theme surface 282:288 arg1 receptors 359:367 growth factor receptors 345:367 growth factor receptors 345:367 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloprotease involved in cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors. 25659879 1 16 theme surface 282:288 arg1 chemokines 329:338 chemokines 329:338 chemokines 329:338 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloprotease involved in cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors. 25659879 10 17 theme myeloid 1721:1727 arg1 ADAM10 1729:1734 myeloid ADAM10 1721:1734 myeloid ADAM10 1721:1734 Thereby, myeloid ADAM10 may play a causal role in modulating atherosclerotic plaque stability. 25659879 2 18 with association 407:417 arg1 progression 468:478 atherosclerotic plaque progression 445:478 atherosclerotic plaque progression 445:478 Although we have previously shown an association of ADAM10 expression with atherosclerotic plaque progression, a causal role of ADAM10 in atherosclerosis has not been investigated. 25659879 4 19 theme collagen 852:859 arg1 content 861:867 plaque collagen content 845:867 plaque collagen content 845:867 Myeloid Adam10 deficiency did not affect plaque size, but it increased plaque collagen content. 25659879 6 20 theme advanced 1142:1149 arg1 lesions 1167:1173 advanced atherosclerotic lesions 1142:1173 advanced atherosclerotic lesions 1142:1173 Furthermore, relative macrophage content in advanced atherosclerotic lesions was decreased. 25659879 8 21 theme anti-inflammatory 1395:1411 arg1 phenotype 1413:1421 increased anti-inflammatory phenotype 1385:1421 increased anti-inflammatory phenotype 1385:1421 In addition, Adam10-deficient macrophages displayed increased anti-inflammatory phenotype with elevated IL-10, and reduced production of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor, IL-12, and nitric oxide in response to lipopolysaccharide. 25659879 9 22 theme critical 1589:1596 arg1 role 1598:1601 a critical role 1587:1601 a critical role of Adam10 for leukocyte recruitment, inflammatory mediator production, and extracellular matrix degradation 1587:1709 These data suggest a critical role of Adam10 for leukocyte recruitment, inflammatory mediator production, and extracellular matrix degradation. 25659879 1 23 theme metalloproteinase 187:203 arg1 metalloprotease 229:243 a metalloprotease 227:243 a metalloprotease involved in cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors 227:367 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloprotease involved in cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors. 25659879 1 23 theme metalloproteinase 187:203 arg1 disintegrin 171:181 A disintegrin 169:181 A disintegrin 169:181 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloprotease involved in cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors. 25659879 1 23 theme metalloproteinase 187:203 arg1 domain 205:210 metalloproteinase domain 10 187:213 metalloproteinase domain 10 187:213 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloprotease involved in cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors. 25659879 2 24 from role 490:493 arg1 atherosclerosis 508:522 atherosclerosis 508:522 atherosclerosis 508:522 Although we have previously shown an association of ADAM10 expression with atherosclerotic plaque progression, a causal role of ADAM10 in atherosclerosis has not been investigated. 25659879 4 25 theme plaque 845:850 arg1 content 861:867 plaque collagen content 845:867 plaque collagen content 845:867 Myeloid Adam10 deficiency did not affect plaque size, but it increased plaque collagen content. 25659879 5 26 dep impaired 985:992 arg1 whereas 1027:1033 whereas 1027:1033 whereas 1027:1033 Matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 13 expression and matrix metalloproteinase 2 gelatinase activity were significantly impaired in Adam10-deficient macrophages, whereas their capacity to stimulate collagen production was unchanged. 25659879 0 27 theme Myeloid 0:6 arg1 deficiency 54:63 Myeloid A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 deficiency 0:63 Myeloid A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 deficiency 0:63 Myeloid A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 deficiency modulates atherosclerotic plaque composition by shifting the balance from inflammation toward fibrosis. 25659879 6 28 theme atherosclerotic 1151:1165 arg1 lesions 1167:1173 advanced atherosclerotic lesions 1142:1173 advanced atherosclerotic lesions 1142:1173 Furthermore, relative macrophage content in advanced atherosclerotic lesions was decreased. 25659879 5 29 theme metalloproteinase 877:893 arg1 expression 904:913 Matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 13 expression 870:913 Matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 13 expression 870:913 Matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 13 expression and matrix metalloproteinase 2 gelatinase activity were significantly impaired in Adam10-deficient macrophages, whereas their capacity to stimulate collagen production was unchanged. 25659879 7 30 theme monocyte 1261:1268 arg1 protein-1 1286:1294 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 1261:1294 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 1261:1294 In vitro, Adam10-deficient macrophages showed reduced migration toward monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and transmigration through collagen. 25659879 9 31 theme Adam10 1606:1611 arg1 role 1598:1601 a critical role 1587:1601 a critical role of Adam10 for leukocyte recruitment, inflammatory mediator production, and extracellular matrix degradation 1587:1709 These data suggest a critical role of Adam10 for leukocyte recruitment, inflammatory mediator production, and extracellular matrix degradation. 25659879 2 32 theme plaque 461:466 arg1 progression 468:478 atherosclerotic plaque progression 445:478 atherosclerotic plaque progression 445:478 Although we have previously shown an association of ADAM10 expression with atherosclerotic plaque progression, a causal role of ADAM10 in atherosclerosis has not been investigated. 25659879 1 33 theme molecules 290:298 arg1 cleavage 257:264 cleavage 257:264 cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors 257:367 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloprotease involved in cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors. 25659879 8 34 theme Adam10-deficient 1346:1361 arg1 macrophages 1363:1373 Adam10-deficient macrophages 1346:1373 Adam10-deficient macrophages 1346:1373 In addition, Adam10-deficient macrophages displayed increased anti-inflammatory phenotype with elevated IL-10, and reduced production of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor, IL-12, and nitric oxide in response to lipopolysaccharide. 25659879 5 35 theme Matrix 870:875 arg1 metalloproteinase 877:893 Matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 13 870:902 metalloproteinase 877:893 Matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 13 expression and matrix metalloproteinase 2 gelatinase activity were significantly impaired in Adam10-deficient macrophages, whereas their capacity to stimulate collagen production was unchanged. 25659879 8 36 theme IL-12 1509:1513 arg1 production 1456:1465 production 1456:1465 production of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor, IL-12, and nitric oxide 1456:1531 In addition, Adam10-deficient macrophages displayed increased anti-inflammatory phenotype with elevated IL-10, and reduced production of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor, IL-12, and nitric oxide in response to lipopolysaccharide. 25659879 3 37 from Adam10 602:607 arg1 lineage 624:630 the myeloid lineage 612:630 the myeloid lineage 612:630 Bone marrow from conditional knockout mice lacking Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls was transplanted into lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice on an atherogenic diet. 25659879 6 38 theme macrophage 1120:1129 arg1 content 1131:1137 relative macrophage content 1111:1137 relative macrophage content in advanced atherosclerotic lesions 1111:1173 Furthermore, relative macrophage content in advanced atherosclerotic lesions was decreased. 25659879 2 39 theme atherosclerotic 445:459 arg1 progression 468:478 atherosclerotic plaque progression 445:478 atherosclerotic plaque progression 445:478 Although we have previously shown an association of ADAM10 expression with atherosclerotic plaque progression, a causal role of ADAM10 in atherosclerosis has not been investigated. 25659879 3 40 theme conditional 568:578 arg1 mice 589:592 conditional knockout mice 568:592 conditional knockout mice lacking Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls 568:658 Bone marrow from conditional knockout mice lacking Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls was transplanted into lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice on an atherogenic diet. 25659879 2 41 theme expression 429:438 arg1 association 407:417 an association 404:417 an association of ADAM10 expression with atherosclerotic plaque progression 404:478 Although we have previously shown an association of ADAM10 expression with atherosclerotic plaque progression, a causal role of ADAM10 in atherosclerosis has not been investigated. 25659879 0 42 theme disintegrin 10:20 arg1 deficiency 54:63 Myeloid A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 deficiency 0:63 Myeloid A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 deficiency 0:63 Myeloid A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 deficiency modulates atherosclerotic plaque composition by shifting the balance from inflammation toward fibrosis. 25659879 3 43 theme knockout 580:587 arg1 mice 589:592 conditional knockout mice 568:592 conditional knockout mice lacking Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls 568:658 Bone marrow from conditional knockout mice lacking Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls was transplanted into lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice on an atherogenic diet. 25659879 7 44 theme reduced 1236:1242 arg1 migration 1244:1252 reduced migration 1236:1252 reduced migration toward monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and transmigration through collagen 1236:1330 In vitro, Adam10-deficient macrophages showed reduced migration toward monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and transmigration through collagen. 25659879 2 45 theme ADAM10 422:427 arg1 expression 429:438 ADAM10 expression 422:438 ADAM10 expression 422:438 Although we have previously shown an association of ADAM10 expression with atherosclerotic plaque progression, a causal role of ADAM10 in atherosclerosis has not been investigated. 25659879 0 46 theme domain 44:49 arg1 deficiency 54:63 Myeloid A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 deficiency 0:63 Myeloid A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 deficiency 0:63 Myeloid A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 deficiency modulates atherosclerotic plaque composition by shifting the balance from inflammation toward fibrosis. 25659879 3 47 theme atherogenic 756:766 arg1 diet 768:771 an atherogenic diet 753:771 an atherogenic diet 753:771 Bone marrow from conditional knockout mice lacking Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls was transplanted into lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice on an atherogenic diet. 25659879 7 48 theme chemoattractant 1270:1284 arg1 protein-1 1286:1294 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 1261:1294 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 1261:1294 In vitro, Adam10-deficient macrophages showed reduced migration toward monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and transmigration through collagen. 25659879 5 49 theme collagen 1063:1070 arg1 production 1072:1081 collagen production 1063:1081 collagen production 1063:1081 Matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 13 expression and matrix metalloproteinase 2 gelatinase activity were significantly impaired in Adam10-deficient macrophages, whereas their capacity to stimulate collagen production was unchanged. 25659879 2 50 theme causal 483:488 arg1 role 490:493 a causal role 481:493 a causal role of ADAM10 in atherosclerosis 481:522 Although we have previously shown an association of ADAM10 expression with atherosclerotic plaque progression, a causal role of ADAM10 in atherosclerosis has not been investigated. 25659879 1 51 theme adhesion 309:316 arg1 molecules 318:326 adhesion molecules 309:326 adhesion molecules 309:326 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloprotease involved in cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors. 25659879 0 52 theme metalloproteinase 26:42 arg1 domain 44:49 metalloproteinase domain 10 26:52 metalloproteinase domain 10 26:52 Myeloid A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 deficiency modulates atherosclerotic plaque composition by shifting the balance from inflammation toward fibrosis. 25659879 9 53 theme leukocyte 1617:1625 arg1 recruitment 1627:1637 leukocyte recruitment 1617:1637 leukocyte recruitment 1617:1637 These data suggest a critical role of Adam10 for leukocyte recruitment, inflammatory mediator production, and extracellular matrix degradation. 25659879 3 54 theme myeloid 616:622 arg1 lineage 624:630 the myeloid lineage 612:630 the myeloid lineage 612:630 Bone marrow from conditional knockout mice lacking Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls was transplanted into lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice on an atherogenic diet. 25659879 8 55 theme increased 1385:1393 arg1 phenotype 1413:1421 increased anti-inflammatory phenotype 1385:1421 increased anti-inflammatory phenotype 1385:1421 In addition, Adam10-deficient macrophages displayed increased anti-inflammatory phenotype with elevated IL-10, and reduced production of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor, IL-12, and nitric oxide in response to lipopolysaccharide. 25659879 7 56 theme Adam10-deficient 1200:1215 arg1 macrophages 1217:1227 Adam10-deficient macrophages 1200:1227 Adam10-deficient macrophages 1200:1227 In vitro, Adam10-deficient macrophages showed reduced migration toward monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and transmigration through collagen. 25659879 8 57 theme necrosis 1492:1499 arg1 factor 1501:1506 proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor 1470:1506 proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor 1470:1506 In addition, Adam10-deficient macrophages displayed increased anti-inflammatory phenotype with elevated IL-10, and reduced production of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor, IL-12, and nitric oxide in response to lipopolysaccharide. 25659879 3 58 theme -/- 740:742 arg1 mice 745:748 lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice 682:748 lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice 682:748 Bone marrow from conditional knockout mice lacking Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls was transplanted into lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice on an atherogenic diet. 25659879 5 59 theme metalloproteinase 926:942 arg1 activity 957:964 matrix metalloproteinase 2 gelatinase activity 919:964 matrix metalloproteinase 2 gelatinase activity 919:964 Matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 13 expression and matrix metalloproteinase 2 gelatinase activity were significantly impaired in Adam10-deficient macrophages, whereas their capacity to stimulate collagen production was unchanged. 25659879 3 60 theme receptor 726:733 arg1 mice 745:748 lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice 682:748 lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice 682:748 Bone marrow from conditional knockout mice lacking Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls was transplanted into lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice on an atherogenic diet. 25659879 9 61 theme extracellular 1678:1690 arg1 degradation 1699:1709 extracellular matrix degradation 1678:1709 extracellular matrix degradation 1678:1709 These data suggest a critical role of Adam10 for leukocyte recruitment, inflammatory mediator production, and extracellular matrix degradation. 25659879 3 62 theme low 702:704 arg1 lipoprotein 714:724 low density lipoprotein 702:724 lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice 682:748 Bone marrow from conditional knockout mice lacking Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls was transplanted into lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice on an atherogenic diet. 25659879 8 63 theme elevated 1428:1435 arg1 IL-10 1437:1441 elevated IL-10 1428:1441 elevated IL-10 1428:1441 In addition, Adam10-deficient macrophages displayed increased anti-inflammatory phenotype with elevated IL-10, and reduced production of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor, IL-12, and nitric oxide in response to lipopolysaccharide. 25659879 10 64 theme plaque 1789:1794 arg1 stability 1796:1804 atherosclerotic plaque stability 1773:1804 atherosclerotic plaque stability 1773:1804 Thereby, myeloid ADAM10 may play a causal role in modulating atherosclerotic plaque stability. 25659879 3 65 theme density 706:712 arg1 lipoprotein 714:724 low density lipoprotein 702:724 lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice 682:748 Bone marrow from conditional knockout mice lacking Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls was transplanted into lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice on an atherogenic diet. 25659879 8 66 theme oxide 1527:1531 arg1 production 1456:1465 production 1456:1465 production of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor, IL-12, and nitric oxide 1456:1531 In addition, Adam10-deficient macrophages displayed increased anti-inflammatory phenotype with elevated IL-10, and reduced production of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor, IL-12, and nitric oxide in response to lipopolysaccharide. 25659879 5 67 theme gelatinase 946:955 arg1 activity 957:964 matrix metalloproteinase 2 gelatinase activity 919:964 matrix metalloproteinase 2 gelatinase activity 919:964 Matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 13 expression and matrix metalloproteinase 2 gelatinase activity were significantly impaired in Adam10-deficient macrophages, whereas their capacity to stimulate collagen production was unchanged. 25659879 8 68 theme factor 1501:1506 arg1 production 1456:1465 production 1456:1465 production of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor, IL-12, and nitric oxide 1456:1531 In addition, Adam10-deficient macrophages displayed increased anti-inflammatory phenotype with elevated IL-10, and reduced production of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor, IL-12, and nitric oxide in response to lipopolysaccharide. 25659879 3 69 theme Bone 551:554 arg1 marrow 556:561 Bone marrow 551:561 Bone marrow from conditional knockout mice lacking Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls 551:658 Bone marrow from conditional knockout mice lacking Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls was transplanted into lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice on an atherogenic diet. 25659879 9 70 theme matrix 1692:1697 arg1 degradation 1699:1709 extracellular matrix degradation 1678:1709 extracellular matrix degradation 1678:1709 These data suggest a critical role of Adam10 for leukocyte recruitment, inflammatory mediator production, and extracellular matrix degradation. 25659879 3 71 theme littermate 640:649 arg1 controls 651:658 littermate controls 640:658 littermate controls 640:658 Bone marrow from conditional knockout mice lacking Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls was transplanted into lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice on an atherogenic diet. 25659879 9 72 theme mediator 1653:1660 arg1 production 1662:1671 inflammatory mediator production 1640:1671 inflammatory mediator production 1640:1671 These data suggest a critical role of Adam10 for leukocyte recruitment, inflammatory mediator production, and extracellular matrix degradation. 25659879 3 73 from mice 589:592 arg1 marrow 556:561 Bone marrow 551:561 Bone marrow from conditional knockout mice lacking Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls 551:658 Bone marrow from conditional knockout mice lacking Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls was transplanted into lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice on an atherogenic diet. 25659879 9 74 theme inflammatory 1640:1651 arg1 production 1662:1671 inflammatory mediator production 1640:1671 inflammatory mediator production 1640:1671 These data suggest a critical role of Adam10 for leukocyte recruitment, inflammatory mediator production, and extracellular matrix degradation. 25659879 0 75 theme atherosclerotic 75:89 arg1 composition 98:108 atherosclerotic plaque composition 75:108 atherosclerotic plaque composition 75:108 Myeloid A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 deficiency modulates atherosclerotic plaque composition by shifting the balance from inflammation toward fibrosis. 25659879 3 76 theme irradiated 691:700 arg1 mice 745:748 lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice 682:748 lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice 682:748 Bone marrow from conditional knockout mice lacking Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls was transplanted into lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice on an atherogenic diet. 25659879 6 77 theme relative 1111:1118 arg1 content 1131:1137 relative macrophage content 1111:1137 relative macrophage content in advanced atherosclerotic lesions 1111:1173 Furthermore, relative macrophage content in advanced atherosclerotic lesions was decreased. 25659879 5 78 theme 13 901:902 arg1 expression 904:913 Matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 13 expression 870:913 Matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 13 expression 870:913 Matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 13 expression and matrix metalloproteinase 2 gelatinase activity were significantly impaired in Adam10-deficient macrophages, whereas their capacity to stimulate collagen production was unchanged. 25659879 8 79 theme nitric 1520:1525 arg1 oxide 1527:1531 nitric oxide 1520:1531 nitric oxide 1520:1531 In addition, Adam10-deficient macrophages displayed increased anti-inflammatory phenotype with elevated IL-10, and reduced production of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor, IL-12, and nitric oxide in response to lipopolysaccharide. 25659879 0 80 from inflammation 139:150 arg1 balance 126:132 the balance 122:132 the balance from inflammation 122:150 Myeloid A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 deficiency modulates atherosclerotic plaque composition by shifting the balance from inflammation toward fibrosis. 25659879 3 81 theme Ldlr 735:738 arg1 mice 745:748 lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice 682:748 lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice 682:748 Bone marrow from conditional knockout mice lacking Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls was transplanted into lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice on an atherogenic diet. 25659879 4 82 theme plaque 815:820 arg1 size 822:825 plaque size 815:825 plaque size 815:825 Myeloid Adam10 deficiency did not affect plaque size, but it increased plaque collagen content. 25659879 10 83 theme atherosclerotic 1773:1787 arg1 stability 1796:1804 atherosclerotic plaque stability 1773:1804 atherosclerotic plaque stability 1773:1804 Thereby, myeloid ADAM10 may play a causal role in modulating atherosclerotic plaque stability. 24787575 10 0 from effects 1694:1700 arg1 composition 1716:1726 the T-cell composition 1705:1726 the T-cell composition 1705:1726 In vivo B. breve intervention ameliorates DSS-induced colitis symptoms and this protective effect may mediated by its effects on the T-cell composition. 24787575 9 1 theme B. 1468:1469 arg1 breve 1471:1475 B. breve 1468:1475 B. breve 1468:1475 B. breve modulates T cell polarization towards Th2 and Treg cell-associated responses in vitro and in vivo. 24787575 8 2 theme DSS-treated 1450:1460 arg1 mice 1462:1465 DSS-treated mice 1450:1465 DSS-treated mice 1450:1465 In addition, intervention with B. breve led to increases of Treg and decreases of Th17 cell subsets in Peyer's patches of DSS-treated mice. 24787575 3 3 from expression 609:618 arg1 colon 691:695 the colon 687:695 the colon 687:695 With respect to the latter, the mRNA expression of T cell subset-associated transcription factors and cytokines in the colon was measured and the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets were determined in the Peyer's patches. 24787575 6 4 theme B. 1076:1077 arg1 breve 1079:1083 B. breve 1076:1083 B. breve 1076:1083 In vivo intervention with B. breve, but not L. rhamnosus, significantly attenuated the severity of DSS-induced colitis. 24787575 10 5 theme In 1576:1577 arg1 intervention 1593:1604 In vivo B. breve intervention 1576:1604 In vivo B. breve intervention 1576:1604 In vivo B. breve intervention ameliorates DSS-induced colitis symptoms and this protective effect may mediated by its effects on the T-cell composition. 24787575 7 6 theme distal 1314:1319 arg1 colon 1321:1325 the distal colon 1310:1325 the distal colon 1310:1325 In DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice, intervention with B. breve increased the expression of mRNA encoding for Th2- and Treg-associated cytokines in the distal colon. 24787575 9 7 theme cell 1489:1492 arg1 polarization 1494:1505 T cell polarization 1487:1505 T cell polarization 1487:1505 B. breve modulates T cell polarization towards Th2 and Treg cell-associated responses in vitro and in vivo. 24787575 8 8 with intervention 1341:1352 arg1 breve 1362:1366 B. breve 1359:1366 B. breve 1359:1366 In addition, intervention with B. breve led to increases of Treg and decreases of Th17 cell subsets in Peyer's patches of DSS-treated mice. 24787575 3 9 theme transcription 648:660 arg1 factors 662:668 subset-associated transcription factors 630:668 subset-associated transcription factors 630:668 With respect to the latter, the mRNA expression of T cell subset-associated transcription factors and cytokines in the colon was measured and the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets were determined in the Peyer's patches. 24787575 1 10 theme treating 191:198 arg1 development 208:218 preventing or treating colitis development 177:218 preventing or treating colitis development 177:218 While some probiotics have shown beneficial effects on preventing or treating colitis development, others have shown no effects. 24787575 7 11 theme mRNA 1254:1257 arg1 expression 1240:1249 the expression 1236:1249 the expression of mRNA encoding for Th2- and Treg-associated cytokines in the distal colon 1236:1325 In DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice, intervention with B. breve increased the expression of mRNA encoding for Th2- and Treg-associated cytokines in the distal colon. 24787575 10 12 theme B. 1584:1585 arg1 intervention 1593:1604 In vivo B. breve intervention 1576:1604 In vivo B. breve intervention 1576:1604 In vivo B. breve intervention ameliorates DSS-induced colitis symptoms and this protective effect may mediated by its effects on the T-cell composition. 24787575 4 13 theme L. 822:823 arg1 incubations 848:858 Both L. rhamnosus and B. breve incubations 817:858 Both L. rhamnosus and B. breve incubations 817:858 Both L. rhamnosus and B. breve incubations in vitro reduced Th17 and increased Th2 cell subsets in human PBMCs. 24787575 5 14 theme breve 945:949 arg1 incubation 951:960 B. breve incubation 942:960 B. breve incubation 942:960 In addition, B. breve incubation was also able to reduce Th1 and increase Treg cell subsets in contrast to L. rhamnosus. 24787575 2 15 theme cell 419:422 arg1 polarization 424:435 T cell polarization 417:435 T cell polarization in vitro 417:444 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 2 16 theme sodium 536:541 arg1 DSS 552:554 DSS 552:554 DSS 552:554 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 2 16 theme sodium 536:541 arg1 sulfate 543:549 murine dextran sodium sulfate 521:549 murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model 521:569 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 7 17 theme B. 1217:1218 arg1 breve 1220:1224 B. breve 1217:1224 B. breve 1217:1224 In DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice, intervention with B. breve increased the expression of mRNA encoding for Th2- and Treg-associated cytokines in the distal colon. 24787575 6 18 dep In 1050:1051 arg1 vivo 1053:1056 vivo 1053:1056 vivo 1053:1056 In vivo intervention with B. breve, but not L. rhamnosus, significantly attenuated the severity of DSS-induced colitis. 24787575 6 19 theme DSS-induced 1149:1159 arg1 colitis 1161:1167 DSS-induced colitis 1149:1167 DSS-induced colitis 1149:1167 In vivo intervention with B. breve, but not L. rhamnosus, significantly attenuated the severity of DSS-induced colitis. 24787575 10 20 theme DSS-induced 1618:1628 arg1 symptoms 1638:1645 DSS-induced colitis symptoms 1618:1645 DSS-induced colitis symptoms 1618:1645 In vivo B. breve intervention ameliorates DSS-induced colitis symptoms and this protective effect may mediated by its effects on the T-cell composition. 24787575 7 21 from expression 1240:1249 arg1 colon 1321:1325 the distal colon 1310:1325 the distal colon 1310:1325 In DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice, intervention with B. breve increased the expression of mRNA encoding for Th2- and Treg-associated cytokines in the distal colon. 24787575 2 22 theme murine 521:526 arg1 DSS 552:554 DSS 552:554 DSS 552:554 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 2 22 theme murine 521:526 arg1 sulfate 543:549 murine dextran sodium sulfate 521:549 murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model 521:569 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 2 23 theme colitis 557:563 arg1 model 565:569 murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model 521:569 murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model 521:569 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 10 24 theme vivo 1579:1582 arg1 intervention 1593:1604 In vivo B. breve intervention 1576:1604 In vivo B. breve intervention 1576:1604 In vivo B. breve intervention ameliorates DSS-induced colitis symptoms and this protective effect may mediated by its effects on the T-cell composition. 24787575 3 25 theme T 755:755 arg1 subsets 769:775 the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets 714:775 subsets 769:775 With respect to the latter, the mRNA expression of T cell subset-associated transcription factors and cytokines in the colon was measured and the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets were determined in the Peyer's patches. 24787575 6 26 theme In 1050:1051 arg1 intervention 1058:1069 In vivo intervention 1050:1069 In vivo intervention with B. breve 1050:1083 In vivo intervention with B. breve, but not L. rhamnosus, significantly attenuated the severity of DSS-induced colitis. 24787575 3 27 theme helper 720:725 arg1 Th 733:734 the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets 714:775 Th 733:734 With respect to the latter, the mRNA expression of T cell subset-associated transcription factors and cytokines in the colon was measured and the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets were determined in the Peyer's patches. 24787575 5 28 from addition 932:939 arg1 able 971:974 able 971:974 able 971:974 In addition, B. breve incubation was also able to reduce Th1 and increase Treg cell subsets in contrast to L. rhamnosus. 24787575 2 29 theme blood 470:474 arg1 PBMC 495:498 PBMC 495:498 PBMC 495:498 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 2 29 theme blood 470:474 arg1 cells 488:492 human peripheral blood mononuclear cells 453:492 human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) 453:499 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 5 30 dep rhamnosus 1039:1047 arg1 contrast 1024:1031 contrast 1024:1031 contrast 1024:1031 In addition, B. breve incubation was also able to reduce Th1 and increase Treg cell subsets in contrast to L. rhamnosus. 24787575 0 31 theme regulatory 93:102 arg1 responses 111:119 regulatory T cell responses 93:119 regulatory T cell responses 93:119 Bifidobacterium breve attenuates murine dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and increases regulatory T cell responses. 24787575 1 32 theme preventing 177:186 arg1 development 208:218 preventing or treating colitis development 177:218 preventing or treating colitis development 177:218 While some probiotics have shown beneficial effects on preventing or treating colitis development, others have shown no effects. 24787575 2 33 from polarization 424:435 arg1 vitro 440:444 vitro 440:444 vitro 440:444 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 0 34 theme cell 106:109 arg1 responses 111:119 regulatory T cell responses 93:119 regulatory T cell responses 93:119 Bifidobacterium breve attenuates murine dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and increases regulatory T cell responses. 24787575 4 35 theme breve 842:846 arg1 incubations 848:858 Both L. rhamnosus and B. breve incubations 817:858 Both L. rhamnosus and B. breve incubations 817:858 Both L. rhamnosus and B. breve incubations in vitro reduced Th17 and increased Th2 cell subsets in human PBMCs. 24787575 7 36 theme C57BL/6 1185:1191 arg1 mice 1193:1196 DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice 1173:1196 DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice 1173:1196 In DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice, intervention with B. breve increased the expression of mRNA encoding for Th2- and Treg-associated cytokines in the distal colon. 24787575 2 37 theme Bifidobacterium 381:395 arg1 breve 397:401 Bifidobacterium breve 381:401 Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) 381:412 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 2 37 theme Bifidobacterium 381:395 arg1 breve 407:411 B. breve 404:411 B. breve 404:411 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 2 37 theme Bifidobacterium 381:395 arg1 strains 329:335 two probiotic strains 315:335 two probiotic strains 315:335 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 0 38 theme Bifidobacterium 0:14 arg1 breve 16:20 Bifidobacterium breve 0:20 Bifidobacterium breve 0:20 Bifidobacterium breve attenuates murine dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and increases regulatory T cell responses. 24787575 4 39 theme human 916:920 arg1 PBMCs 922:926 human PBMCs 916:926 human PBMCs 916:926 Both L. rhamnosus and B. breve incubations in vitro reduced Th17 and increased Th2 cell subsets in human PBMCs. 24787575 2 40 dep rhamnosus 352:360 arg1 rhamnosus 366:374 L. rhamnosus 363:374 L. rhamnosus 363:374 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 3 41 dep cell 625:628 arg1 factors 662:668 subset-associated transcription factors 630:668 subset-associated transcription factors 630:668 With respect to the latter, the mRNA expression of T cell subset-associated transcription factors and cytokines in the colon was measured and the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets were determined in the Peyer's patches. 24787575 3 41 dep cell 625:628 arg1 cytokines 674:682 cytokines 674:682 cytokines 674:682 With respect to the latter, the mRNA expression of T cell subset-associated transcription factors and cytokines in the colon was measured and the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets were determined in the Peyer's patches. 24787575 2 42 theme human 453:457 arg1 PBMC 495:498 PBMC 495:498 PBMC 495:498 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 2 42 theme human 453:457 arg1 cells 488:492 human peripheral blood mononuclear cells 453:492 human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) 453:499 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 5 43 dep Th1 986:988 arg1 subsets 1013:1019 Treg cell subsets 1003:1019 Treg cell subsets 1003:1019 In addition, B. breve incubation was also able to reduce Th1 and increase Treg cell subsets in contrast to L. rhamnosus. 24787575 0 44 theme dextran 40:46 arg1 colitis 71:77 murine dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis 33:77 murine dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis 33:77 Bifidobacterium breve attenuates murine dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and increases regulatory T cell responses. 24787575 5 45 theme Treg 1003:1006 arg1 subsets 1013:1019 Treg cell subsets 1003:1019 Treg cell subsets 1003:1019 In addition, B. breve incubation was also able to reduce Th1 and increase Treg cell subsets in contrast to L. rhamnosus. 24787575 4 46 theme Th2 896:898 arg1 subsets 905:911 increased Th2 cell subsets 886:911 increased Th2 cell subsets 886:911 Both L. rhamnosus and B. breve incubations in vitro reduced Th17 and increased Th2 cell subsets in human PBMCs. 24787575 0 47 theme sulfate-induced 55:69 arg1 colitis 71:77 murine dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis 33:77 murine dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis 33:77 Bifidobacterium breve attenuates murine dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and increases regulatory T cell responses. 24787575 9 48 theme T 1487:1487 arg1 polarization 1494:1505 T cell polarization 1487:1505 T cell polarization 1487:1505 B. breve modulates T cell polarization towards Th2 and Treg cell-associated responses in vitro and in vivo. 24787575 8 49 theme cell 1415:1418 arg1 subsets 1420:1426 Th17 cell subsets 1410:1426 Th17 cell subsets 1410:1426 In addition, intervention with B. breve led to increases of Treg and decreases of Th17 cell subsets in Peyer's patches of DSS-treated mice. 24787575 10 50 theme T-cell 1709:1714 arg1 composition 1716:1726 the T-cell composition 1705:1726 the T-cell composition 1705:1726 In vivo B. breve intervention ameliorates DSS-induced colitis symptoms and this protective effect may mediated by its effects on the T-cell composition. 24787575 3 51 theme subset-associated 630:646 arg1 factors 662:668 subset-associated transcription factors 630:668 subset-associated transcription factors 630:668 With respect to the latter, the mRNA expression of T cell subset-associated transcription factors and cytokines in the colon was measured and the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets were determined in the Peyer's patches. 24787575 7 52 with intervention 1199:1210 arg1 breve 1220:1224 B. breve 1217:1224 B. breve 1217:1224 In DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice, intervention with B. breve increased the expression of mRNA encoding for Th2- and Treg-associated cytokines in the distal colon. 24787575 3 53 theme T 623:623 arg1 cell 625:628 T cell subset-associated transcription factors and cytokines 623:682 T cell subset-associated transcription factors and cytokines 623:682 With respect to the latter, the mRNA expression of T cell subset-associated transcription factors and cytokines in the colon was measured and the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets were determined in the Peyer's patches. 24787575 2 54 theme immunomodulating 287:302 arg1 effects 304:310 the immunomodulating effects 283:310 the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro 283:444 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 2 55 theme sulfate 543:549 arg1 model 565:569 murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model 521:569 murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model 521:569 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 9 56 theme cell-associated 1528:1542 arg1 responses 1544:1552 Th2 and Treg cell-associated responses 1515:1552 Th2 and Treg cell-associated responses 1515:1552 B. breve modulates T cell polarization towards Th2 and Treg cell-associated responses in vitro and in vivo. 24787575 7 57 theme Treg-associated 1281:1295 arg1 cytokines 1297:1305 Treg-associated cytokines 1281:1305 Treg-associated cytokines 1281:1305 In DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice, intervention with B. breve increased the expression of mRNA encoding for Th2- and Treg-associated cytokines in the distal colon. 24787575 8 58 theme mice 1462:1465 arg1 patches 1439:1445 Peyer's patches 1431:1445 Peyer's patches of DSS-treated mice 1431:1465 In addition, intervention with B. breve led to increases of Treg and decreases of Th17 cell subsets in Peyer's patches of DSS-treated mice. 24787575 2 59 theme probiotic 319:327 arg1 breve 397:401 Bifidobacterium breve 381:401 Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) 381:412 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 2 59 theme probiotic 319:327 arg1 strains 329:335 two probiotic strains 315:335 two probiotic strains 315:335 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 2 59 theme probiotic 319:327 arg1 rhamnosus 352:360 Lactobacillus rhamnosus 338:360 Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) 338:375 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 1 60 theme colitis 200:206 arg1 development 208:218 preventing or treating colitis development 177:218 preventing or treating colitis development 177:218 While some probiotics have shown beneficial effects on preventing or treating colitis development, others have shown no effects. 24787575 9 61 theme Th2 1515:1517 arg1 responses 1544:1552 Th2 and Treg cell-associated responses 1515:1552 Th2 and Treg cell-associated responses 1515:1552 B. breve modulates T cell polarization towards Th2 and Treg cell-associated responses in vitro and in vivo. 24787575 10 62 theme breve 1587:1591 arg1 intervention 1593:1604 In vivo B. breve intervention 1576:1604 In vivo B. breve intervention 1576:1604 In vivo B. breve intervention ameliorates DSS-induced colitis symptoms and this protective effect may mediated by its effects on the T-cell composition. 24787575 9 63 theme Treg 1523:1526 arg1 responses 1544:1552 Th2 and Treg cell-associated responses 1515:1552 Th2 and Treg cell-associated responses 1515:1552 B. breve modulates T cell polarization towards Th2 and Treg cell-associated responses in vitro and in vivo. 24787575 5 64 theme B. 942:943 arg1 incubation 951:960 B. breve incubation 942:960 B. breve incubation 942:960 In addition, B. breve incubation was also able to reduce Th1 and increase Treg cell subsets in contrast to L. rhamnosus. 24787575 3 65 theme T 718:718 arg1 Th 733:734 the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets 714:775 Th 733:734 With respect to the latter, the mRNA expression of T cell subset-associated transcription factors and cytokines in the colon was measured and the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets were determined in the Peyer's patches. 24787575 6 66 theme colitis 1161:1167 arg1 severity 1137:1144 the severity 1133:1144 the severity of DSS-induced colitis 1133:1167 In vivo intervention with B. breve, but not L. rhamnosus, significantly attenuated the severity of DSS-induced colitis. 24787575 10 67 theme colitis 1630:1636 arg1 symptoms 1638:1645 DSS-induced colitis symptoms 1618:1645 DSS-induced colitis symptoms 1618:1645 In vivo B. breve intervention ameliorates DSS-induced colitis symptoms and this protective effect may mediated by its effects on the T-cell composition. 24787575 2 68 theme dextran 528:534 arg1 DSS 552:554 DSS 552:554 DSS 552:554 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 2 68 theme dextran 528:534 arg1 sulfate 543:549 murine dextran sodium sulfate 521:549 murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model 521:569 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 3 69 theme Treg 763:766 arg1 subsets 769:775 the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets 714:775 subsets 769:775 With respect to the latter, the mRNA expression of T cell subset-associated transcription factors and cytokines in the colon was measured and the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets were determined in the Peyer's patches. 24787575 10 70 theme protective 1656:1665 arg1 effect 1667:1672 this protective effect 1651:1672 this protective effect 1651:1672 In vivo B. breve intervention ameliorates DSS-induced colitis symptoms and this protective effect may mediated by its effects on the T-cell composition. 24787575 1 71 theme beneficial 155:164 arg1 effects 166:172 beneficial effects 155:172 beneficial effects on preventing or treating colitis development 155:218 While some probiotics have shown beneficial effects on preventing or treating colitis development, others have shown no effects. 24787575 3 72 theme cell 757:760 arg1 subsets 769:775 the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets 714:775 subsets 769:775 With respect to the latter, the mRNA expression of T cell subset-associated transcription factors and cytokines in the colon was measured and the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets were determined in the Peyer's patches. 24787575 2 73 theme mononuclear 476:486 arg1 PBMC 495:498 PBMC 495:498 PBMC 495:498 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 2 73 theme mononuclear 476:486 arg1 cells 488:492 human peripheral blood mononuclear cells 453:492 human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) 453:499 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 3 74 theme type 727:730 arg1 Th 733:734 the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets 714:775 Th 733:734 With respect to the latter, the mRNA expression of T cell subset-associated transcription factors and cytokines in the colon was measured and the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets were determined in the Peyer's patches. 24787575 0 75 theme T 104:104 arg1 responses 111:119 regulatory T cell responses 93:119 regulatory T cell responses 93:119 Bifidobacterium breve attenuates murine dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and increases regulatory T cell responses. 24787575 2 76 from effects 304:310 arg1 polarization 424:435 T cell polarization 417:435 T cell polarization in vitro 417:444 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 2 77 theme peripheral 459:468 arg1 PBMC 495:498 PBMC 495:498 PBMC 495:498 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 2 77 theme peripheral 459:468 arg1 cells 488:492 human peripheral blood mononuclear cells 453:492 human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) 453:499 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 8 78 theme B. 1359:1360 arg1 breve 1362:1366 B. breve 1359:1366 B. breve 1359:1366 In addition, intervention with B. breve led to increases of Treg and decreases of Th17 cell subsets in Peyer's patches of DSS-treated mice. 24787575 3 79 theme regulatory 744:753 arg1 subsets 769:775 the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets 714:775 subsets 769:775 With respect to the latter, the mRNA expression of T cell subset-associated transcription factors and cytokines in the colon was measured and the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets were determined in the Peyer's patches. 24787575 4 80 dep L. 822:823 arg1 rhamnosus 825:833 L. rhamnosus 822:833 L. rhamnosus 822:833 Both L. rhamnosus and B. breve incubations in vitro reduced Th17 and increased Th2 cell subsets in human PBMCs. 24787575 6 81 with intervention 1058:1069 arg1 breve 1079:1083 B. breve 1076:1083 B. breve 1076:1083 In vivo intervention with B. breve, but not L. rhamnosus, significantly attenuated the severity of DSS-induced colitis. 24787575 1 82 from effects 166:172 arg1 development 208:218 preventing or treating colitis development 177:218 preventing or treating colitis development 177:218 While some probiotics have shown beneficial effects on preventing or treating colitis development, others have shown no effects. 24787575 7 83 theme DSS-treated 1173:1183 arg1 mice 1193:1196 DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice 1173:1196 DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice 1173:1196 In DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice, intervention with B. breve increased the expression of mRNA encoding for Th2- and Treg-associated cytokines in the distal colon. 24787575 4 84 theme B. 839:840 arg1 incubations 848:858 Both L. rhamnosus and B. breve incubations 817:858 Both L. rhamnosus and B. breve incubations 817:858 Both L. rhamnosus and B. breve incubations in vitro reduced Th17 and increased Th2 cell subsets in human PBMCs. 24787575 5 85 from able 971:974 arg1 addition 932:939 addition 932:939 addition 932:939 In addition, B. breve incubation was also able to reduce Th1 and increase Treg cell subsets in contrast to L. rhamnosus. 24787575 4 86 theme cell 900:903 arg1 subsets 905:911 increased Th2 cell subsets 886:911 increased Th2 cell subsets 886:911 Both L. rhamnosus and B. breve incubations in vitro reduced Th17 and increased Th2 cell subsets in human PBMCs. 24787575 8 87 theme Treg 1388:1391 arg1 decreases 1397:1405 decreases 1397:1405 decreases of Th17 cell subsets 1397:1426 In addition, intervention with B. breve led to increases of Treg and decreases of Th17 cell subsets in Peyer's patches of DSS-treated mice. 24787575 8 87 theme Treg 1388:1391 arg1 increases 1375:1383 increases 1375:1383 increases of Treg 1375:1391 In addition, intervention with B. breve led to increases of Treg and decreases of Th17 cell subsets in Peyer's patches of DSS-treated mice. 24787575 0 88 theme murine 33:38 arg1 colitis 71:77 murine dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis 33:77 murine dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis 33:77 Bifidobacterium breve attenuates murine dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and increases regulatory T cell responses. 24787575 2 89 theme T 417:417 arg1 polarization 424:435 T cell polarization 417:435 T cell polarization in vitro 417:444 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 0 90 theme sodium 48:53 arg1 colitis 71:77 murine dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis 33:77 murine dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis 33:77 Bifidobacterium breve attenuates murine dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and increases regulatory T cell responses. 24787575 8 91 theme Th17 1410:1413 arg1 subsets 1420:1426 Th17 cell subsets 1410:1426 Th17 cell subsets 1410:1426 In addition, intervention with B. breve led to increases of Treg and decreases of Th17 cell subsets in Peyer's patches of DSS-treated mice. 24787575 2 92 theme B. 404:405 arg1 breve 397:401 Bifidobacterium breve 381:401 Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) 381:412 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 2 92 theme B. 404:405 arg1 breve 407:411 B. breve 404:411 B. breve 404:411 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 5 93 theme cell 1008:1011 arg1 subsets 1013:1019 Treg cell subsets 1003:1019 Treg cell subsets 1003:1019 In addition, B. breve incubation was also able to reduce Th1 and increase Treg cell subsets in contrast to L. rhamnosus. 24787575 4 94 theme increased 886:894 arg1 subsets 905:911 increased Th2 cell subsets 886:911 increased Th2 cell subsets 886:911 Both L. rhamnosus and B. breve incubations in vitro reduced Th17 and increased Th2 cell subsets in human PBMCs. 24787575 8 95 theme subsets 1420:1426 arg1 decreases 1397:1405 decreases 1397:1405 decreases of Th17 cell subsets 1397:1426 In addition, intervention with B. breve led to increases of Treg and decreases of Th17 cell subsets in Peyer's patches of DSS-treated mice. 24787575 8 95 theme subsets 1420:1426 arg1 increases 1375:1383 increases 1375:1383 increases of Treg 1375:1391 In addition, intervention with B. breve led to increases of Treg and decreases of Th17 cell subsets in Peyer's patches of DSS-treated mice. 24787575 3 96 theme mRNA 604:607 arg1 expression 609:618 the mRNA expression 600:618 the mRNA expression of T cell subset-associated transcription factors and cytokines in the colon 600:695 With respect to the latter, the mRNA expression of T cell subset-associated transcription factors and cytokines in the colon was measured and the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets were determined in the Peyer's patches. 24787575 2 97 theme strains 329:335 arg1 effects 304:310 the immunomodulating effects 283:310 the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro 283:444 In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. 24787575 3 98 theme cell 625:628 arg1 expression 609:618 the mRNA expression 600:618 the mRNA expression of T cell subset-associated transcription factors and cytokines in the colon 600:695 With respect to the latter, the mRNA expression of T cell subset-associated transcription factors and cytokines in the colon was measured and the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets were determined in the Peyer's patches. 24787575 3 99 dep latter 592:597 arg1 respect 577:583 respect 577:583 respect 577:583 With respect to the latter, the mRNA expression of T cell subset-associated transcription factors and cytokines in the colon was measured and the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets were determined in the Peyer's patches.